bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multidentate Molecule Anchoring Halide Perovskite Surface and Regulating Crystallization Kinetics toward Efficient Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Sun Shuang‐Qiao , Sun Qi , Ji Yu‐Jin , Xu Yan‐Lin , He Wei , Zhu Min , Zhou Jun‐Gui , Yu You‐Jun , Feng Dan‐Dan , Xie Yue‐Min , Li You‐Yong , Fung Man‐Keung 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFunctional passivators are conventionally utilized in modifying the crystallization properties of perovskites to minimize the non‐radiative recombination losses in perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs). However, the weak anchor ability of some commonly adopted molecules has limited passivation ability to perovskites and even may desorb from the passivated defects in a short period of time, which bring about plenty of challenges for further development of high‐performance PeLEDs. Here, a multidentate molecule, formamidine sulfinic acid (FSA), is introduced as a novel passivator to perovskites. FSA has multifunctional groups (S≐O, C≐N and NH2) where the S≐O and C≐N groups enable coordination with the lead ions and the NH2 interacts with the bromide ions, thus providing the most effective chemical passivation for defects and in turn the formation of highly stable perovskite emitters. Moreover, the interaction between the FSA and octahedral [PbBr6]4− can inhibit the formation of unfavorable low‐n domains to further minimize the inefficient energy transfer inside the perovskite emitters. Therefore, the FSA passivated green‐emitting PeLED exhibits a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 26.5% with fourfold enhancement in operating lifetime as compared to the control device, consolidating that the multidentate molecule is a promising strategy to effectively and sustainably passivate the perovskites.
Ultrasound measurement of plantar fascia thickness: Is the current criterion for normality applicable to everyone?
Authors: Nafees Fouad , Fatima Zareen , Malik Sajid Shaheen , Yousaf Qasim , Latif Mahrukh , Farooq Syed Muhammad Yousaf 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundPlantar fasciitis is a common cause of heel pain. Understandably knowledge of normal sonographic plantar fascia thickness (PFT) is crucial to diagnose this condition as thickened plantar fascia is the most important ultrasound finding for its diagnosis.ObjectiveThe objectives of this study are to compare the PFT among heavy weight bearing and non‐weight bearing individuals sonographically and to assess the effect of age, gender and body mass index (BMI) on PFT.MethodologyPFT of 154 patients, 77 in each category of heavy weight bearing and non‐weight bearing groups, was assessed sonographically. Independent sample T test was used to compare it between two groups. Analysis of covariance was used to test the effect of heavy weight bearing and gender on PFT bilaterally, in both groups with adjustment for age, BMI and standing hours. Correlation of age with PFT was also calculated using Pearson's correlation analysis. p value ≤0.05 was considered significant.ResultsMean PFT in all patients was 3.8 and 3.2 mm on left and right respectively. There was no significant difference in the right and left foot on paired sample t test. Those bearing heavy weight had significantly thickened PF than the other group bilaterally. ANCOVA showed that bearing heavy weight and BMI had significant effects on PFT. Age was found to be correlated with PFT in non‐weight bearing group.ConclusionsFactors causing increased stress on the plantar fascia such as increased BMI and heavy weight lifting can cause thickening as part of physiological adaptation.
Impact of carbon neutrality on structural concrete—Not a risk but an opportunity
Authors: Kasuga Akio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCement used in structural concrete accounts for 60% of all cement. Thus, the amount of CO2 emission by cement in structural concrete in a year is about 5% of the amount emitted by mankind. However, the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of structural concrete emits CO2 not only at the product stage but also at the use stage after construction. In this paper, carbon neutrality is viewed from an economic point of view. Then a rough indicator is presented to grasp the CO2 emissions of structural concrete. This paper also shows that LCA of structural concrete should consider not only the materials but also the maintenance phase. And low‐carbon technologies currently in use is introduced. Then the need for multi‐cycle structural concrete with a circular economy is presented. Moreover, it is estimated that CO2 emissions due to disasters in the use stage could be enormous. The carbon neutrality of concrete is not a risk but an opportunity for us.
The Brazilian Amazonian rainforest harbors a high diversity of yeasts associated with rotting wood, including many candidates for new yeast species
Authors: Barros Katharina O. , Alvarenga Flávia B. M. , Magni Giulia , Souza Gisele F. L. , Abegg Maxwel A. , Palladino Fernanda , da Silva Sílvio S. , Rodrigues Rita C. L. B. , Sato Trey K. , Hittinger Chris Todd , Rosa Carlos A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the diversity of yeast species associated with rotting wood in Brazilian Amazonian rainforests. A total of 569 yeast strains were isolated from rotting wood samples collected in three Amazonian areas (Universidade Federal do Amazonas‐Universidade Federal do Amazonas [UFAM], Piquiá, and Carú) in the municipality of Itacoatiara, Amazon state. The samples were cultured in yeast nitrogen base (YNB)‐d‐xylose, YNB‐xylan, and sugarcane bagasse and corncob hemicellulosic hydrolysates (undiluted and diluted 1:2 and 1:5). Sugiyamaella was the most prevalent genus identified in this work, followed by Kazachstania. The most frequently isolated yeast species were Schwanniomyces polymorphus, Scheffersomyces amazonensis, and Wickerhamomyces sp., respectively. The alpha diversity analyses showed that the dryland forest of UFAM was the most diverse area, while the floodplain forest of Carú was the least. Additionally, the difference in diversity between UFAM and Carú was the highest among the comparisons. Thirty candidates for new yeast species were obtained, representing 36% of the species identified and totaling 101 isolates. Among them were species belonging to the clades Spathaspora, Scheffersomyces, and Sugiyamaella, which are recognized as genera with natural xylose‐fermenting yeasts that are often studied for biotechnological and ecological purposes. The results of this work showed that rotting wood collected from the Amazonian rainforest is a tremendous source of diverse yeasts, including candidates for new species.
A grad‐div stabilized method using the Jacobi iteration for the thermally coupled incompressible magnetohydrodynamic system
Authors: Liu Shuaijun , Huang Pengzhan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a grad‐div stabilization with the Jacobi iteration to the thermally coupled incompressible magnetohydrodynamic system, which avoids breakdown of solver and increase of computational time with increasing value of grad‐div stabilized parameter. The proposed method includes two steps: a fully discrete first‐order Euler semi‐implicit scheme based on the mixed finite element method is implemented for the considered problem in Step 1. Then, in Step 2, the Jacobi approximation is applied to the grad‐div operator whose each component will be decoupled. Moreover, we obtain theoretical analysis results of the presented method, both unconditional stability and convergence analysis. Finally, some numerical experiments are presented to show the accuracy and verify effectiveness of the proposed method.
Experiences of Moving Quickly to Distance Teaching and Learning at All Levels of Education in Finland
Authors: Lavonen Jari , Salmela-Aro Katariina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, the teaching and learning in Finnish compulsory education during the COVID-19 pandemic in the spring and autumn terms of 2020 will be analyzed and discussed. First, preconditions, such as teacher and student digi-competences and digi-infrastructure for switching to distance teaching and learning, will be analyzed. Second, the organization and experiences of teaching and learning during this time are described based on representative surveys conducted during and after the spring 2020 distance teaching period. Finally, teachers’, principals’ and students’ engagement and well-being during the pandemic will be analyzed based on survey data. Preconditions for organizing effective distance teaching and learning during the 2020 spring term were appropriate teacher and student digi-competences and digi-infrastructure and availability of digi-tools. During the pandemic, teachers’ digi-pedagogy and students’ digi-competences developed. Moreover, several digi-pedagogy and co-teaching innovations were created. However, at the student level, we identified decreased engagement during the pandemic, and at the teacher and principal levels, we identified not only decreased engagement but also increased stress and even burnout. Principals suffered from teachers’ stress, whereas teachers suffered from families’ inequality in coping with distance learning. All in all, the switch to distance teaching and learning was organized effectively, but the distance-learning period weakened the equality of teaching and the conditions for learning.
The Portuguese Educational Policy to Ensure Equity in Learning in Times of Crises
Authors: Costa Estela , Baptista Mónica , Carvalho Carolina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study aims to analyze the Portuguese government policy pronouncements to face COVID-19 and to examine how the policy measures have been enacted and interpreted by teachers to ensure equity in learning. The studyis rooted on a cognitive approach to public policy, and grounds on the notion of theréférentiel. A qualitative and interpretative methodology was used, based on the analysis of official and public documents prepared and made available during the confinement period (March to July 2020) on the Ministry of Education website. Also, interviews were conducted with 15 teachers from various Portuguese schools. Findings show that public authorities quickly responded using informative (e.g., websites to support schools, a TV program, YouTube channels) and communicational (e.g., Facebook, a platform for school principals, email to pose questions) tools. Moreover, the pandemic crisis put equity issues at the center of all concerns and led to the discussion around equity in education to become more pronounced. The differences between distance and in person learning have been made clear while vulnerable students were forced to stay at home, with little or no conditions to learn and without support for studying. We conclude that the general guiding principles behind the policy measures to combat the pandemic at the state and school level were based in a referential that incorporates the constitutional right of ‘school for all’, which is focused on schools’ educational role, while also assigning schools social and economic responsibilities.
General Education in Russia During COVID-19: Readiness, Policy Response, and Lessons Learned
Authors: Kosaretsky Sergey , Zair-Bek Sergey , Kersha Yuliya , Zvyagintsev Roman 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, we analyze nationwide measures taken in Russia to organize the education system during the pandemic. We show the opportunities and limitations for responses associated relative to the previous policy phase. Special attention is paid to the peculiarities of a system reaction to the situation of a pandemic in a federative country with heterogeneous regions. In contrast to several other countries that adopted a single national strategy, different scenarios were implemented in Russian regions. We investigate the factors that influenced the scenarios and management decisions at the national and regional levels of the country. We highlight differences in the nature and dynamics of measures taken to organize learning in the first (spring–summer 2020) and second (autumn–winter 2020) waves of the pandemic. We also analyze the subjective experience and wellbeing of students and teachers during a pandemic. As the empirical base, we use data from several large sociological studies conducted in the Russian Federation over the past six months on the issues of school closures, distance learning, and the “new normal.” This provides a new perspective for studying the increasing education gap between children with different socioeconomic status due to the pandemic.
Silvio Belli’s On Ratio and Proportion
Authors: Williams Kim 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis is the English translation of the treatise on ratio and proportion published by the Vicentine engineer Silvio Belli in 1573. In it the author aims to present the material, which was the object of much study and application in the Renaissance on the part of architects and artists, in a way that facilitates learning. The work consists of three “books” dealing with definitions, classifications, comparisons of magnitudes (First Book), of ratios (Second Book) and of proportions (Third Book). The explanations are accompanied by numerical examples.
Polarization and conflict among groups with heterogeneous members
Authors: Cardona Daniel , De Freitas Jenny , Rubí-Barceló Antoni 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe analyze the choice of the policy platform that a group of heterogeneous challengers will support to confront the current policy in a subsequent contest between them and the status-quo defenders. The choice of this alternative policy will affect not only the incentives of challengers to get involved in the conflict (intra-group effect), but also the mobilization of status-quo defenders (inter-group effect). We disentangle these two effects and show that the degree of polarization (distance between the alternative and the status-quo policy) depends on how the efforts that groups exert in the contest affect their winning probabilities. Our results illustrate how the conflict resolution rules may affect the degree of polarization in political confrontations.
A systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of mental disorders among children and adolescents in Europe
Authors: Sacco Rosemarie , Camilleri Nigel , Eberhardt Judith , Umla-Runge Katja , Newbury-Birch Dorothy 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMost mental disorders appear by age 14, but in most cases, they remain undiagnosed and untreated well into adulthood. A scoping review showed an absence of systematic reviews that address prevalence rates of mental disorders among children and adolescents in Europe that are based on community studies conducted between 2015 and 2020. To estimate the updated pooled prevalence of Anxiety Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Conduct Disorder (CD), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), Autism Spectrum Disorder, Eating Disorders, Substance Use Disorders (SUD), among children and adolescents living in Europe, a search strategy was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase and Psych Info and studies were also identified from reference lists and gray literature. Eligible studies were evaluated for reliability, validity, and bias. Trends of prevalence rates for each mental disorder were calculated. Almost one in five young people in Europe were found to suffer from a mental disorder, with a pooled prevalence rate of 15.5%. Anxiety disorders had the highest pooled prevalence rate (7.9% (95% CI 5.1–11.8%, I2: 98.0%)), followed by ADHD (2.9% (95% CI 1.2–6.9%, I2 = 94.3%)), ODD (1.9% (95% CI 1.0–3.7%, I2 = 98.4%)), depressive disorder (1.7% (95% CI 1.0–2.9%, I2 = 97.7%)), CD (1.5% (95% CI 0.6–3.8%, I2 = 98.8%)) and ASD (1.4% (95% CI 0.4–5.4%, I2 = 99.7%). No studies on SUD were identified. The mental health of children and adolescents may be improved by introducing routine screening, refining diagnostic sensitivity, raising awareness of mental disorders, minimizing stigma and socioeconomic inequality, as well as developing early intervention services. These facilitators of good mental health need to be prioritized, especially at a time of unprecedented risk factors for poor mental health.
Neue Psychoaktive Substanzen in der Notfallmedizin
Authors: Marinowitz R. , Strube J. , Schaper A. 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungNeue psychoaktive Substanzen (NPS) sind eine heterogene Gruppe von synthetischen berauschenden Stoffen. Gemeinsam ist ihnen ihr „neues“ Auftreten als Rauschdroge. Viele imitieren bekannte Drogen, teilweise sind es Abkömmlinge von vor Jahren als Medikament entwickelten Substanzen. Durch veränderte oder gänzlich neu entwickelte chemische Strukturen erhalten die NPS häufig eine massiv gesteigerte Wirkung. Diese umfasst nicht nur die von Konsumierenden gewünschten Effekte, sondern auch die unerwünschten Wirkungen mit teilweise fatalen Folgen. Der Konsum von NPS ist ein seit Jahren bestehendes Phänomen zunehmenden Ausmaßes. 2018 hatten 2,6 % der deutschen Erwachsenen schon einmal Erfahrungen mit NPS gemacht. Für die Behandelnden stellen NPS-Intoxikierte aufgrund der Heterogenität der Substanzen, aber auch aufgrund der zum Teil auch für die Konsumierenden unvorhersehbaren Effekte eine Herausforderung dar. Oft wird die klinische Einschätzung durch das Vorliegen einer Mischintoxikation erschwert. Sicherheit bringt nur die systematische toxikologische Analytik, da konventionelle Schnell- oder Bedside-Tests viele Substanzen nicht erfassen. Es existiert keine globale Definition von NPS. Eine praktische, klinische Einteilung unterscheidet vier Gruppen: synthetische Stimulanzien, synthetische Cannabinoide, synthetische Halluzinogene und synthetische Beruhigungsmittel. Methodisch erfolgten eine selektive Literaturrecherche in PubMed sowie eine themenbezogene Auswertung der Daten des Giftinformationszentrums-Nord und des Europäischen Drogenberichts der EMCDDA 2021.
Convolutional neural networks prediction of the factor of safety of random layered slopes by the strength reduction method
Authors: Soranzo Enrico , Guardiani Carlotta , Chen Yiru , Wang Yunteng , Wu Wei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe strength reduction method is often used to predict the stability of soil slopes with complex soil properties and failure mechanisms. However, it requires a considerable computational effort. In this paper, we make use of a convolutional neural network to reduce the computational cost. The factor of safety of 600 slopes with different inclination and soil properties is first calculated with the strength reduction method. A convolutional neural network is then trained and validated. We demonstrate the performance of our approach and show how to augment the dataset to further enhance its capability and prevent overfitting.
Approximation on Slices in Balanced Strictly Convex Domains with $$C^{2}$$ boundary
Authors: Kot Piotr 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe show that a maximum modulus set K in a bounded strictly convex balanced domain $$\Omega $$
Ω
with $$C^{2}$$

C
2

boundary can have a Lebesgue measure almost full on all slices. Additionally K has a so called slice continuity property.
Mental Integrity in the Attention Economy: in Search of the Right to Attention
Authors: Chomanski Bartlomiej 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIs it wrong to distract? Is it wrong to direct others’ attention in ways they otherwise
would not choose? If so, what are the grounds of this wrong – and, in expounding
them, do we have to at once condemn large chunks of contemporary digital commerce
(also known as the attention economy)?
In what follows, I attempt to cast light on these questions.
Specifically, I argue – following the pioneering work of Jasper Tran and Anuj
Puri – that there is a right to attention, and that its existence underlies some of
our claims regarding the wrongness of distractions. However, I depart from both these
authors in two respects: first, I present a new way of deriving the right to attention,
grounding it in the more fundamental right to mental integrity. Second, I remain
agnostic on whether the contemporary business practices of capturing attention in
exchange for a variety of digital products and services are plagued by routine violations
of the right.
A novel application of transformer neural network (TNN) for estimating pan evaporation rate
Authors: Abed Mustafa , Imteaz Monzur Alam , Ahmed Ali Najah , Huang Yuk Feng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFor decision-making in farming, the operation of dams and irrigation systems, as well as other fields of water resource management and hydrology, evaporation, as a key activity throughout the universal hydrological processes, entails efficient techniques for measuring its variation. The main challenge in creating accurate and dependable predictive models is the evaporation procedure's non-stationarity, nonlinearity, and stochastic characteristics. This work examines, for the first time, a transformer-based deep learning architecture for evaporation prediction in four different Malaysian regions. The effectiveness of the proposed deep learning (DL) model, signified as TNN, is evaluated against two competitive reference DL models, namely Convolutional Neural Network and Long Short-Term Memory, and with regards to various statistical indices using the monthly-scale dataset collected from four Malaysian meteorological stations in the 2000–2019 period. Using a variety of input variable combinations, the impact of every meteorological data on the Ep forecast is also examined. The performance assessment metrics demonstrate that compared to the other benchmark frameworks examined in this work, the developed TNN technique was more precise in modelling monthly water loss owing to evaporation. In terms of predictive effectiveness, the proposed TNN model, enhanced with the self-attention mechanism, outperforms the benchmark models, demonstrating its potential use in the forecasting of evaporation. Relating to application, the predictive model created for Ep projection offers a precise estimate of water loss due to evaporation and can thus be used in irrigation management, agriculture planning based on irrigation, and the decrease in fiscal and economic losses in farming and related industries where consistent supervision and estimation of water are considered necessary for viable living and economy.
Evaluation of energy indices and greenhouse gas emissions in major horticultural crops and paddy crops in Tajan plain
Authors: Nouri-khjebelagh Rassol , Sefidkouhi Mohammad Ali Gholami , Khoshravesh Mojtaba 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOne of the basic objectives of sustainable agriculture is the efficient use of available inputs and resources. Hence, energy use was evaluated in the present study for the cultivation and the greenhouse gas emissions in the main horticultural crops and paddy in Tajan. The required data were collected through relying on subjective and objective methods such as questionnaries and field data recorded in Tajan plain in the period of 2020–2022. The maximum input energy was reported 64,867.5 MJ/ha for the cultivation of rice, and the minimum amount of input energy belonging to pear cultivation was 30,982.95 MJ/ha. Similarly, the highest amount of output energy was recorded 86,401 MJ/ha for the cultivation of rice crops, and the lowest amount of output energy was 30,400 MJ/ha in the cultivation of pomegranate. The results taken from the GHG index and the global warming potential indicated that the products including paddy (2726.19 kg CO2/ha), apple (2681.6 kg CO2/ha) and citrus (2545.3 kg CO2/ha) had the highest impact on pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Subsequently, according to the data regarding the cultivation percentage of each crop, it was found out that paddy crop had the largest share of potential impact on global warming (72,789,535.76 kg CO2) in Tajan plain. Therefore, the production of products with incredibly high water consumption as well as great use of chemical fertilizers and old high-working hour machines have greater share in energy consumption and global heating potential in comparison to the other indices.