bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of phenylalanine levels during pregnancy on birth weight and later development in children born to women with phenylketonuria
Authors: Nielsen Maja Risager , Jørgensen Christine , Ahring Kirsten , Lund Allan Meldgaard , Ørngreen Mette Cathrine 
Published: February 2023

AbstractStrict metabolic control with dietary treatment during pregnancy is essential for women with phenylketonuria (PKU), as elevated levels of phenylalanine (Phe) are toxic to the developing fetus. Maternal delay in achievement of the recommended Phe level during pregnancy is associated with delayed development of the child. However, the extent to which risk is changed by later or less stringently performed dietary treatment is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of Phe levels and time of initiation of a Phe‐restricted diet in pregnant women with PKU on birth weight, head circumference and later development of their children. Birth data were obtained from the medical records of women with PKU giving birth in the period 1980–2020. Later development was investigated by interviewing the mothers about their children's development and health. We included 79 children of 41 women with PKU. The women showed good adherence with the diet and had mean blood Phe levels within target range (248 ± 62 μmol/L). The children's development was not affected by fluctuations in the women's Phe levels, that occurred especially in first trimester. Despite maternal Phe levels being within target range, 19 children (26.8%) had low birth weight below 10th percentile. This study indicates that with dietary treatment, the children are born with the same prospect for normal development and health as children born to non‐PKU mothers. This is despite maternal fluctuations in the Phe levels during first trimester.
Mechanical and biotic reclamation strategies for a post‐mine temperate grassland
Authors: Puffer Maureen , Limb Ryan F. , Daigh Aaron L. M. , Sedivec K. K. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGlobal energy production is in high demand and is expanding its development into new landscapes, including grasslands. This expansion has intensive impacts on aboveground and belowground components of grasslands which need to be addressed during reclamation to promote long‐term ecological integrity. This study was conducted to ascertain how alternative reclamation practices may improve soil structure (i.e., compaction) while aiding in the creation of conditions that are conducive to both the establishment and continued growth of native grassland plant species. The grassland was reclaimed with different combinations of seeding mixtures (grass or grass and forb), ripping techniques (subsoil ripping or topsoil ripping), and the integration of mulch into the soil profile. Year, seed mixtures, and ripping techniques and their interactions significantly affected community composition and species diversity. Topsoil‐ripping and grass‐forb treatment had a higher association with native, perennial grasses while subsoil‐ripping and grass treatment favor more short‐lived species. Similar trends persisted across penetration resistance and soil moisture readings where topsoil‐ripping and grass‐forb treatment were different from subsoil‐ripping and grass treatments (p ≤ 0.10). Additionally, Kentucky bluegrass, an invasive grass species, increased by 76% over 1 year and was more common in the topsoil‐ripping and grass‐forb treatments. While early in the reclamation process, results suggest topsoil‐ripping and grass‐forb treatment are promising combination reclamation practices that can establish a native grassland community and initiate the improvement of compacted soil conditions.
A generalized mean field type flow on a closed Riemann surface
Authors: Wang Yamin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLet be a closed Riemann surface. Let ψ, h be two smooth functions on Σ with and . In this paper, using the method of flow due to Castras (Pacific J. Math. 276(2015), no. 2, 321–345) and Sun–Zhu (Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations 60(2021), no. 1, 26), we prove that the solution of the equation
exists under given conditions. This gives a new proof of the main results of Zhu (Nonlinear Anal. 169(2018), 38–58).
Convolution on distribution spaces characterized by regularization
Authors: Kleiner Tillmann , Hilfer Rudolf 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLocally convex convolutor spaces are studied which consist of those distributions that define a continuous convolution operator mapping from the space of test functions into a given locally convex lattice of measures. The convolutor spaces are endowed with the topology of uniform convergence on bounded sets. Their locally convex structure is characterized via regularization and function‐valued seminorms under mild structural assumptions on the space of measures. Many recent generalizations of classical distribution spaces turn out to be special cases of the general convolutor spaces introduced here. Recent topological characterizations of convolutor spaces via regularization are extended and improved. A valuable property of the convolutor spaces in applications is that convolution of distributions inherits continuity properties from those of bilinear convolution mappings between the locally convex lattices of measures.
Bundling or not bundling: Sequential bundling in e‐commerce distribution channels
Authors: Pu Xujin , He Shizhen , Han Guanghua 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSequential bundling is becoming increasingly popular in e‐commerce sales. We study sequential bundling in a distribution channel when the e‐tailer sells both her private‐label products and the manufacturer's products. The e‐tailer decides whether to adopt sequential bundling and selects promotional products. We find that manufacturer sets a low wholesale price under sequential bundling, which is also profitable for the e‐tailer and in some cases can produce a win–win outcome. We also show that the use of sequential bundling by the e‐tailer can promote total channel profits only when the marginal production cost of the manufacturer's product is high.
The role of anatomical context in soft‐tissue multi‐organ segmentation of cadaveric non‐contrast‐enhanced whole body CT
Authors: Lewis Steven , Inglis Stuart , Doyle Scott 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundCadaveric computed tomography (CT) image segmentation is a difficult task to solve, especially when applied to whole‐body image volumes. Traditional algorithms require preprocessing using registration, or highly conserved organ morphologies. These requirements cannot be fulfilled by cadaveric specimens, so deep learning must be used to overcome this limitation. Further, the widespread use of 2D algorithms for volumetric data ignores the role of anatomical context. The use of 3D spatial context for volumetric segmentation of CT scans as well as the anatomical context required to optimize the segmentation has not been adequately explored.PurposeTo determine whether 2D slice‐by‐slice UNet algorithms or 3D volumetric UNet (VNet) algorithms provide a more effective method for segmenting 3D volumes, and to what extent anatomical context plays in the segmentation of soft‐tissue organs in cadaveric, noncontrast‐enhanced (NCE) CT.MethodsWe tested five CT segmentation algorithms: 2D UNets with and without 3D data augmentation (3D rotations) as well as VNets with three levels of anatomical context (implemented via image downsampling at 1X, 2X, and 3X) for their performance via 3D Dice coefficients, and Hausdorff distance calculations. The classifiers were trained to segment the kidneys and liver and the performance was evaluated using Dice coefficient and Hausdorff distance on the segmentation versus the ground truth annotation.ResultsOur results demonstrate that VNet algorithms perform significantly better () than 2D models. Among the VNet classifiers, those that use some level of image downsampling outperform (as calculated through Dice coefficients) the VNet without downsampling. Additionally, the optimal amount of downsampling depends on the target organ.ConclusionsAnatomical context is an important component of soft‐tissue, multi‐organ segmentation in cadaveric, NCE CT imaging of the whole body. Different amounts of anatomical contexts are optimal depending on the size, position, and surrounding tissue of the organ.
Imaging‐based assessment of fatty acid composition in human bone marrow adipose tissue at 7 T: Method comparison and in vivo feasibility
Authors: Emin Sevgi , Oei Edwin H. G. , Englund Martin , Peterson Pernilla 
Published: February 2023

PurposeTo demonstrate the feasibility and accuracy of chemical shift–encoded imaging of the fatty acid composition (FAC) of human bone marrow adipose tissue at 7 T, and to determine suitable image‐acquisition parameters using simulations.MethodsThe noise performance of FAC estimation was investigated using simulations with a range of inter‐echo time, and accuracy was assessed using a phantom experiment. Furthermore, one knee of 8 knee‐healthy subjects (ages 35–54 years) was imaged, and the fractions of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were mapped. Values were compared between reconstruction methods, and between anatomical regions.ResultsBased on simulations, ΔTE = 0.6 ms was chosen. The phantom experiment demonstrated high accuracy of especially SFA using a constrained reconstruction model (slope = 1.1, average bias = −0.2%). The lowest accuracy was seen for PUFA using a free model (slope = 2.0, average bias = 9.0%). For in vivo images, the constrained model resulted in lower intersubject variation compared with the free model (e.g., in the femoral shaft, the SFA percent‐point range was within 1.0% [vs. 3.0%]). Furthermore, significant regional FAC differences were detected. For example, using the constrained approach, the femoral SFA in the medial condyle was lower compared with the shaft (median [range]: 27.9% [27.1%, 28.4%] vs. 32.5% [31.8%, 32.8%]).ConclusionBone marrow adipose tissue FAC quantification using chemical‐shift encoding is feasible at 7 T. Both the noise performance and accuracy of the technique are superior using a constrained signal model.
Calibrationless reconstruction of uniformly‐undersampled multi‐channel MR data with deep learning estimated ESPIRiT maps
Authors: Zhang Junhao , Yi Zheyuan , Zhao Yujiao , Xiao Linfang , Hu Jiahao , Man Christopher , Lau Vick , Su Shi , Chen Fei , Leong Alex T. L. , Wu Ed X. 
Published: February 2023

PurposeTo develop a truly calibrationless reconstruction method that derives An Eigenvalue Approach to Autocalibrating Parallel MRI (ESPIRiT) maps from uniformly‐undersampled multi‐channel MR data by deep learning.MethodsESPIRiT, one commonly used parallel imaging reconstruction technique, forms the images from undersampled MR k‐space data using ESPIRiT maps that effectively represents coil sensitivity information. Accurate ESPIRiT map estimation requires quality coil sensitivity calibration or autocalibration data. We present a U‐Net based deep learning model to estimate the multi‐channel ESPIRiT maps directly from uniformly‐undersampled multi‐channel multi‐slice MR data. The model is trained using fully‐sampled multi‐slice axial brain datasets from the same MR receiving coil system. To utilize subject‐coil geometric parameters available for each dataset, the training imposes a hybrid loss on ESPIRiT maps at the original locations as well as their corresponding locations within the standard reference multi‐slice axial stack. The performance of the approach was evaluated using publicly available T1‐weighed brain and cardiac data.ResultsThe proposed model robustly predicted multi‐channel ESPIRiT maps from uniformly‐undersampled k‐space data. They were highly comparable to the reference ESPIRiT maps directly computed from 24 consecutive central k‐space lines. Further, they led to excellent ESPIRiT reconstruction performance even at high acceleration, exhibiting a similar level of errors and artifacts to that by using reference ESPIRiT maps.ConclusionA new deep learning approach is developed to estimate ESPIRiT maps directly from uniformly‐undersampled MR data. It presents a general strategy for calibrationless parallel imaging reconstruction through learning from the coil and protocol‐specific data.
A realist evaluation of a support and training program for family caregivers in the municipality of Envigado: A research protocol
Authors: Chavarría Vargas Daniel de Jesús , Matagira Rondón Giselly , Agudelo Cifuentes Maite Catalina , Morales Mesa Santiago Alberto , Ouellet Nicole , Bergeron Dave A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimsIn Envigado, Colombia, the Secretariat of Health has implemented, since 2011, an interprofessional program involving nurses to support and train relatives to improve the quality of life of people with a loss of autonomy and their family caregivers. The objectives of this study are to assess the outcomes of this program and to explore the contextual elements and mechanisms that can explain these outcomes.DesignThis article presents the research protocol for a realist evaluation that will be carried out to gather the perspectives of various local stakeholders involved.MethodsFour outcomes on family caregivers will be measured quantitatively using self‐administered questionnaires and numerical scales. Contextual elements and mechanisms will then be explored qualitatively through focus groups and individual interviews. An iterative analysis will enable the refinement of a program theory.ResultsThe results will inform a program theory that underlies the outcomes of the family caregiver support and training program.Patient or Public ContributionCommunity stakeholders, family caregivers, people with a loss of autonomy and their relatives will be involved in data collection and/or in the validation of the program theory.
Effective hybridization ofSiO2microsphere and graphene with tannic acid interface modifier for fabrication of multifunctional natural rubber/graphene nanocomposites
Authors: Du Yuqian , Wang Xueya , Zhou Ziwen , Zhao Feng , Li Song , Liu Zhihua , Wu Zhengyu , Zhao Shuai , Li Lin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNowadays, although highly conductive polymer composites filled with two‐dimensional graphene‐based nano‐fillers have been explored extensively, constructing nanocomposites with high performance, industrial feasibility, and more efficient conductive networks at lower nano‐filler contents remains a challenge. To achieve the above objectives, industrial wastes microsilica powder (N98) with amorphous spherical structure and large particle size is employed in this work. And the hybrids (TGN) are obtained between N98 and graphene (GE) by the effective bridging and interface coupling of tannic acid, which can achieve the purpose of obtaining conductive composites with low‐filler contents by traditional polymer processing technologies. The volume exclusion effect of N98 and its own assisted dispersion effect can prevent and attenuate graphene agglomeration, enabling the formation of a dense, complete and uniform conductive network in natural rubber (NR) matrix based on a small amount of graphene addition (parts per thousand). Thus, it give the nanocomposite highly functional, especially electric property. The results show that when the ratio of GE to N98 hybridization is 1:20, N98 and graphene are more uniformly hybridized together, and the volume exclusion effect is best matched with the rubber composites, and the comprehensive performance is optimal. Moreover, the electrical conductivity of NR/TG1N20nanocomposite can reach the balanced value of 10−3 S·cm−1with the GE loading of 0.48 phr, which shows the effectiveness of the prepared hybrids.
Particle‐induced degradation of III–V multi‐junction solar cells under different configurations of displacement damage dose
Authors: Duzellier Sophie , Nuns Thierry , Rey Romain , Pons Claude , Yjjou Soufian , Varotsou Athina , Baur Carsten , Noemayr Christel , Gras Ana , de Olcoz Ainhoa Martinez 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe solar arrays of spacecrafts are subjected to a severe radiative environment. Associated degradation rates are dependent on operational orbit configuration. The current approach used in models and tools to determine power degradation shall thus be validated to ensure good prediction accuracy. This paper reports on extensive irradiation test campaigns realized on triple‐junction solar cells to compare degradation induced by different configurations of irradiation reproducing nominally the same displacement damage dose (DDD) in the active layer. These test campaigns data are used to support the validation of a new tool developed to optimize prediction accuracy of solar cell degradation. The DDD equivalence between front/rear irradiation on solar cell assemblies and on bare solar cells, between different electron and proton energies, as well as the verification of the superposition principle are addressed. Results are conclusive regarding the equivalence of degradation obtained with electrons, protons and/or combined electrons and protons, accounting for local shielding.
Insights into the moisture‐induced degradation mechanisms on field‐deployed CIGS modules
Authors: Villa Simona , Aninat Rémi , Yilmaz Pelin , Kingma Aldo , Dziechciarz Mikolaj , van den Berg Joran , Bakker Klaas , Theelen Mirjam 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMoisture ingress is known to be one of the most frequent and detrimental causes of photovoltaic (PV) modules degradation. In an original approach, the present work applies the full analytic capability of lab‐scale equipment to characterize a commercial Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 (CIGS) module that degraded in the field due to moisture ingress. By extracting (coring) and unpackaging samples from different areas of the module, we are able to track the propagation of the degradation mechanisms with respect to both material and electrical properties. The three following locations in the device were found to be affected by the water ingress: first, the encapsulant, ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA), resulting in delamination and acetic acid formation; second, the molybdenum (Mo) back contact, which oxidizes and corrodes entirely at the P3 scribes; lastly, the ZnO front contact, through the formation of Zn‐based hydroxides and its further reaction with the Mo migrating from the degraded scribes. The main impact on the electrical properties is an increase in series resistance and a decrease in both open‐circuit voltage and short‐circuit current. In the last degradation stage, that is, the most degraded area of the module, a complete performance loss is observed. The results of this work further our understanding of the physics and chemistry involved in the moisture‐induced degradation in CIGS modules. In particular, the study highlights the interactions between the various degradation products and associated degradation mechanisms. These results also illustrate the broader potential of the coring and unpackaging method for reliability studies of full‐sized, field‐degraded commercial PV modules.
Introduction to the 3GPP‐defined NTN standard: A comprehensive view on the 3GPP work on NTN
Authors: El Jaafari Mohamed , Chuberre Nicolas , Anjuere Stephane , Combelles Laurent 
Published: February 2023

SummaryWith the recent publication of a set of technical specifications in 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) related to non‐terrestrial network (NTN) enhancements, a global standard for satellite systems is newly defined aiming to support any orbit, any frequency band, and any device. It opens the door for the seamless integration of satellite network component in 5G system and beyond, delivering the promise of a ubiquitous mobile system that can support new use cases. The emergence of hybrid terrestrial‐satellite systems is the result of a joint effort between stakeholders of both mobile and satellite industries and is paving the way to new business opportunities. This paper attempts to provide a comprehensive view on this 3GPP NTN standard and what are the next steps.
A Combination of Bio‐Orthogonal Supramolecular Clicking and Proximity Chemical Tagging as a Supramolecular Tool for Discovery of Putative Proteins Associated with Laminopathic Disease
Authors: Sim Jaehwan , Lee Ara , Kim Dasom , Kim Kyung Lock , Park Bum‐Joon , Park Kyeng Min , Kim Kimoon 
Published: February 2023

AbstractProtein mutations alter protein–protein interactions that can lead to a number of illnesses. Mutations in lamin A (LMNA) have been reported to cause laminopathies. However, the proteins associated with the LMNA mutation have mostly remained unexplored. Herein, a new chemical tool for proximal proteomics is reported, developed by a combination of proximity chemical tagging and a bio‐orthogonal supramolecular latching based on cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7])‐based host–guest interactions. As this host–guest interaction acts as a noncovalent clickable motif that can be unclicked on‐demand, this new chemical tool is exploited for reliable detection of the proximal proteins of LMNA and its mutant that causes laminopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Most importantly, a comparison study reveals, for the first time, mutant‐dependent alteration in LMNA proteomic environments, which allows to identify putative laminopathic DCM‐linked proteins including FOXJ3 and CELF2. This study demonstrates the feasibility of this chemical tool for reliable proximal proteomics, and its immense potential as a new research platform for discovering biomarkers associated with protein mutation‐linked diseases.
Incommensurately Modulated Structure in AgCuSe‐Based Thermoelectric Materials for Intriguing Electrical, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Yang Qingyu , Ming Chen , Qiu Pengfei , Zhou Zhengyang , Qiu Xianxiu , Gao Zhiqiang , Deng Tingting , Chen Lidong , Shi Xun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAgCuSe‐based materials have attracted great attentions recently in thermoelectric (TE) field due to their extremely high electron mobility, ultralow lattice thermal conductivity, and abnormal “brittle‐ductile” transition at room temperature. However, although the investigation on the crystal structure of AgCuSe low‐temperature phase (named as β‐AgCuSe) was started more than half a century before, it is still in controversy yet, which greatly limits the understanding of its intriguing electrical, thermal, and mechanical performance. In this work, via adopting the advanced three‐dimensional electron diffraction technique, this study finds that the AgCuSe‐based materials crystalize in an incommensurately modulated structure with an orthorhombic Pmmn(0β1/2)s00 superspace group. The local lattice distortion in the incommensurately modulated structure has weak effects on the conduction band minimum due to the delocalized and isotropic feature of Ag 5s states, leading to high carrier mobility. Likewise, the inhomogeneous, weak, and anisotropic Ag‐Se bonds result in the high degree of anharmonicity and ultralow lattice thermal conductivity. Furthermore, alloying S in AgCuSe reinforces the interaction between the adjacent Ag‐Se layers, yielding the “brittle‐ductile” transition at room temperature. This work well interprets the structure–performance relationship of AgCuSe‐based materials and sheds light on the future investigation of this class of promising TE materials.