bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competition Law and Sustainability in the EU: Modelling the Perspectives of National Competition Authorities
Authors: Malinauskaite Jurgita , Erdem Fatih Buğra 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDebates have surged in the European Union (EU) on how EU competition policy can best support the European Green Deal. In the theoretical and practical aspects, non‐economic factors in competition law analysis are problematic due to the difficulty in measuring the concrete benefits of trade‐offs. The National Competition Authorities (NCAs) rather than the European Commission (EC) are leading the ‘sustainability in competition law’ debates, which is the focus of this article. Therefore, this study reviews the current status quo of all NCAs' positions concerning sustainability‐related matters by classifying them into four typologies in terms of their willingness to incorporate sustainability in their assessments. It further identifies four emerging NCAs models, which seem to divert from the EC's view. This can be problematic in ensuring the uniform application of competition law.
Interdisciplinary interactions, social systems and technical infrastructure required for successful implementation of mobile stroke units: A qualitative process evaluation
Authors: Bagot Kathleen L. , Purvis Tara , Hancock Shaun , Zhao Henry , Coote Skye , Easton Damien , Campbell Bruce C. V. , Davis Steve M. , Donnan Geoff A. , Foster Shane , Langenberg Francesca , Smith Karen , Stephenson Michael , Bernard Stephen , McGowan Sharon , Yan Bernard , Mitchell Peter , Middleton Sandy , Cadilhac Dominique A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRationaleMobile stroke units (MSUs) are increasingly being implemented to provide acute stroke care in the prehospital environment, but a comprehensive implementation evaluation has not been undertaken.AimTo identify successes and challenges in the pre‐ and initial operations of the first Australian MSU service from an interdisciplinary perspective.MethodsProcess evaluation of the Melbourne MSU with a mixed‐methods design. Purposive sampling targeted key stakeholder groups. Online surveys (administered June–September 2019) and semistructured interviews (October–November 2019) explored experiences. Directed content analysis (raters' agreement 85%) and thematic analysis results are presented using the Interactive Sociotechnical Analysis framework.ResultsParticipants representing executive/program operations, MSU clinicians and hospital‐based clinicians completed 135 surveys and 38 interviews. Results converged, with major themes addressing successes and challenges: stakeholders, vehicle, knowledge, training/education, communication, work processes and working relationships.ConclusionsSuccesses and challenges of establishing a new MSU service extend beyond technical, to include operational and social aspects across prehospital and hospital environments.
Heteromerization of short‐chain trans‐prenyltransferase controls precursor allocation within a plastidial terpenoid network
Authors: Ma Yihua , Chen Qingwen , Wang Yaoyao , Zhang Fengxia , Wang Chengyuan , Wang Guodong 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTTerpenes are the largest and most diverse class of plant specialized metabolites. Sesterterpenes (C25), which are derived from the plastid methylerythritol phosphate pathway, were recently characterized in plants. In Arabidopsis thaliana, four genes encoding geranylfarnesyl diphosphate synthase (GFPPS) (AtGFPPS1 to 4) are responsible for the production of GFPP, which is the common precursor for sesterterpene biosynthesis. However, the interplay between sesterterpenes and other known terpenes remain elusive. Here, we first provide genetic evidence to demonstrate that GFPPSs are responsible for sesterterpene production in Arabidopsis. Blockage of the sesterterpene pathway at the GFPPS step increased the production of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP)‐derived terpenes. Interestingly, co‐expression of sesterTPSs in GFPPS‐OE (overexpression) plants rescued the phenotypic changes of GFPPS‐OE plants by restoring the endogenous GGPP. We further demonstrated that, in addition to precursor (DMAPP/IPP) competition by GFPPS and GGPP synthase (GGPPS) in plastids, GFPPS directly decreased the activity of GGPPS through protein‐protein interaction, ultimately leading to GGPP deficiency in planta. Our study provides a new regulatory mechanism of the plastidial terpenoid network in plant cells.
Opposing manner of miR‐455‐3p against NR2B‐PSD‐95‐nNOS complex in the cortex and hippocampus of depressive rats under simulated complex space environment
Authors: Rasheed Madiha , Wang Han , Wang Chaolei , Sun Jingyan , Chen Zixuan , Deng Yulin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDepression in astronauts is one of the consequences of space flight effects, negatively impacting their work performances. Unfortunately, the underlying molecular mechanisms in space flight‐induced depression are still unknown; however, various neuropsychiatric disorders reported that overexpressed NR2B‐PSD‐95‐nNOS complex in the brain triggers various pathological pathways, and inhibiting NR2B‐PSD‐95‐nNOS complex asserts antidepressant effects. Through our in silico analysis, we found that epigenetic regulator miR‐445‐3p targets PSD‐95 and is hypothesized to down‐regulate NR2B‐PSD‐95‐nNOS complex to prevent neuronal damage associated with depression. Therefore, the present study is aimed to determine the novel insight of the miR‐455‐3p against the NR2B‐PSD‐95‐nNOS complex in the neurobiology of space flight‐induced depressive behavior. Using a simulated space environment complex model (SCSE) for 21 days, we induced depressive behavior in rats to analyze miR‐455‐3p expression and NR2B‐PSD‐95‐nNOS complex in the cortex and hippocampus of the SCSE depressed rats through qRT‐PCR and western blot analysis. Further, an in vitro microgravity model using rat hippocampus cell lines (RHNC) was utilized to identify the independent role of miR‐455‐3p on (1) NR2B‐PSD‐95‐nNOS complex and TrKB–BDNF proteins, (2) oxidative stress, (3) nitric oxide level, (4) inflammatory cytokines, (5) mitochondrial biogenesis/ dynamics, and (6) cell survival. Our results showed that miR‐455‐3p regulates NR2B‐PSD‐95‐nNOS complex in the SCSE depressed rats in opposite ways, with the cortex revealing a higher level of miR‐455‐3p and low‐level NR2B‐PSD‐95‐nNOS complex and the hippocampus showing down‐regulated miR‐455‐3p and up‐regulated NR2B‐PSD‐95‐nNOS complex, indicating a region‐specific change in the miR‐455‐3p and NR2B‐PSD‐95‐nNOS complex in the SCSE depressed rats. Further RHNC results also confirmed down‐regulated miR‐455‐3p and up‐regulated NR2B‐PSD‐95‐nNOS complex expression, similar to the findings in the hippocampus of SCSE rats, suggesting that microgravity influences miR‐455‐3p and associated changes. Additional investigations revealed that miR‐455‐3p targets PSD‐95 and co‐regulates NR2B‐PSD‐95‐nNOS complex along with TrkB–BDNF signaling and exert protective effects against NR2B‐PSD‐95‐nNOS complex, oxidative stress, nitric oxide, inflammatory cytokines, and mitochondrial defects, suggesting a valuable biomarker for devising depressive disorders.image
Effect of fatty liver and fibrosis on hepatocellular carcinoma development in patients with chronic hepatitis B who received nucleic acid analog therapy
Authors: Keitoku Taisei , Tamaki Nobuharu , Kurosaki Masayuki , Inada Kento , Kirino Sakura , Uchihara Naoki , Suzuki Keito , Tanaka Yuki , Miyamoto Haruka , Ishido Shun , Yamada Michiko , Nobusawa Tsubasa , Matsumoto Hiroaki , Higuchi Mayu , Takaura Kenta , Tanaka Shohei , Maeyashiki Chiaki , Kaneko Shun , Yasui Yutaka , Takahashi Yuka , Tsuchiya Kaoru , Nakanishi Hiroyuki , Asahina Yasuhiro , Okamoto Ryuichi , Izumi Namiki 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe number of patients with fatty liver has been increasing worldwide; however, the significance of fatty liver in patients with chronic hepatitis B who are receiving nucleic acid analog (NA) therapy remains unclear. Thus, we aimed to determine whether fatty liver affects the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients receiving NA therapy. This study included 445 patients who received NA therapy, and the development of HCC was investigated. Theprimary outcomewas the association between fatty liver and HCC development. During a mean follow‐up period of 7.4 years, 46 patients (10.3%) developed HCC. No significant difference in the cumulative incidence of HCC was observed between patients with fatty liver and those without (p = 0.17). Multivariable analysis for age, gender, platelet count, alanine aminotransferase level at 1 year following NA therapy, and fatty liver revealed that the presence of fatty liver was not a significant factor for HCC development (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.5–1.9). In another multivariable analysis for advanced fibrosis, gender, and fatty liver, advanced fibrosis was found to be a significant factor for HCC development (HR: 9.50, 95% CI: 5.1–18) but not fatty liver (HR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.5–1.7). In conclusion, in patients with chronic hepatitis B who received NA therapy, advanced fibrosis was found to be an important risk factor for HCC development but not fatty liver, suggesting the importance of providing treatment before the progression of liver fibrosis regardless of the presence of fatty liver.
Investigating phenotypic traits as potential drivers of the emergence of EU_37_A2, an invasive new lineage of Phytophthora infestans in Western Europe
Authors: Puidet Britt , Mabon Romain , Guibert Michele , Kiiker Riinu , Loit Kaire , Le Vinh Hong , Eikemo Håvard , Dewaegeneire Pauline , Saubeau Guillaume , Chatot Catherine , Aurousseau Frédérique , Cooke David E. L. , Lees Alison K. , Abuley Isaac K. , Hansen Jens G. , Corbière Roselyne , Leclerc Melen , Najdabbasi Neda , Andrivon Didier 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSince the mid‐2010s, Phytophthora infestans clones that have been dominant in Western Europe from the beginning of the 21st century, for example, EU_13_A2, EU_6_A1 and EU_1_A1, are being replaced by several other emerging clones, including EU_37_A2. The objective of this study was to determine whether the main drivers for the success of EU_37_A2 in Western Europe are associated with decreased fungicide sensitivity, increased virulence and/or aggressiveness. Axenic P. infestans cultures were sampled in the 2016 and 2017 growing seasons from potato crops in France and the United Kingdom. Amongst these, four genotypes were identified: EU_37_A2, EU_13_A2, EU_1_A1 and EU_6_A1. Although a wide range of fluazinam sensitivity was found amongst individual isolates, clonal lines EU_13_A2 and EU_37_A2 showed decreased sensitivity to fluazinam. EU_37_A2 overcame the R5 differential cultivar more often than isolates of EU_1_A1 or EU_6_A1. However, this does not explain the competitive advantage of EU_37_A2 over the virulent EU_13_A2. The fittest genotype, as measured by aggressiveness under controlled conditions, was EU_6_A1, followed by EU_37_A2, EU_13_A2 and then EU_1_A1. EU_37_A2 isolates also showed a shorter latent period than either EU_6_A1 or EU_13_A2, which could favour its long‐term persistence. Overall, the data suggest that the emergence of EU_37_A2 in Western Europe was driven by its resistance to a then‐major fungicide and shorter generation time. This conclusion is further supported by the fact that EU_37_A2 emergence was slowed by the progressive reduction in the use of fluazinam as a single active ingredient in the years following its initial detection.
Urban risks due to climate change in the Andean municipality of Pasto, Colombia: A Bayesian network approach
Authors: Ortega Chamorro Luis Carlos , Cañón Barriga Julio Eduardo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe
current trends of climate change will increase people's exposure to urban risks related to events such as landslides, floods, forest fires, food production, health, and water availability, which are stochastic and very localized in nature. This research uses a Bayesian network (BN) approach to analyze the intensity of such urban risks for the Andean municipality of Pasto, Colombia, under climate change scenarios. The stochastic BN model is linked to correlational models and local scenarios of representative concentration trajectories (RCP) to project the possible risks to which the municipality of Pasto will be exposed in the future. The results show significant risks in crop yields, food security, water availability and disaster risks, but no significant risks on the incidence of acute diarrheal diseases (ADD) and acute respiratory infections (ARI), whereas positive outcomes are likely to occur in livestock production, influenced by population growth. The advantage of the BN approach is the possibility of updating beliefs in the probabilities of occurrence of events, especially in developing, intermediate cities with information‐limited contexts.
The effect of different types of social norms on children's sharing behavior: The roles of parents, teachers, and peers
Authors: Wei Bingying , Zhang Xuran , Xiao Xue , Li Yanfang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAs children develop, they are exposed to social norms that help them adapt to society. Here, the current study used an adapted dictator game to investigate whether exposure to a generous norm (sharing 80 yuan) or a selfish norm (sharing 20 yuan) would influence the sharing behavior of children. Participants were 1983 third‐ to fifth‐graders from five primary schools in mainland China (two in Beijing and three in Shandong). Norms were presented in the written format in which children were told the amount of personal resources that most of their parents/teachers/peers shared with a recipient (descriptive norms) or thought they should share with a recipient (injunctive norms). The results showed that children were more affected by generous norms than selfish norms. Moreover, when presented with generous norms, children were more sensitive to descriptive norms than to injunctive norms and they shared more when they were exposed to selfish descriptive norms than selfish injunctive norms. Additionally, children shared more and were more likely to comply with norms from teachers and peers in the generous condition, but they were less likely to comply with peers and deviated more from the undesirable norm from peers in the selfish condition. Together, our findings indicate the crucial importance of social norm information for the promotion of children's sharing behavior in China.
Species identification and population genetics of the Antarctic fish genera Lepidonotothen and Nototheniops (Perciformes, Notothenioidei)
Authors: Schiavon Luca , Negrisolo Enrico , Battistotti Alessandra , Lucassen Magnus , Damerau Malte , Harms Lars , Riginella Emilio , Matschiner Michael , Zane Lorenzo , La Mesa Mario , Papetti Chiara 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAccurate species identification is essential to assess biodiversity and species richness in ecosystems threatened by rapid and recent environmental changes, such as warming in most Antarctic waters. The Lepidonotothen species complex comprises demersal notothenioid fishes which inhabit the shelf areas of the Antarctic Peninsula, the Scotia Arc and sub‐Antarctic islands with a circum‐Antarctic distribution. Species determination in this group has often been problematic. In particular, whether Lepidonotothen squamifrons and Lepidonotothen kempi are valid as separate species has been questioned. In this study, we analysed the genetic variation among four nominal southern polar species within this complex (L. kempi, L. squamifrons, Nototheniops larseni, Nototheniops nudifrons) by means of three different markers (ND2 and tRNA mitochondrial genes and a panel of 16 nuclear microsatellites). We tested whether individuals morphologically assigned to L. kempi showed genetic separation from L. squamifrons. Our analyses indicated a lack of differentiation between L. kempi and L. squamifrons. However, a genetically distinct population was found for L. squamifrons at the Shag Rocks islands near South Georgia. Antarctic and sub‐Antarctic islands are known to be home to many cryptic species and further studies will elucidate if the genetically differentiated population we found potentially originated from this context and can be considered an incipient species. Our analysis contributes to further characterize the species composition of the most abundant fish suborder in the Southern Ocean, which is among the regions most threatened by climate change.
The Role of Culture in Using Social Media in Sport: The Case of Australian and Singaporean Elite Sportswomen
Authors: Sotiriadou Popi , Brokmann Leah , Doyle Jason 
Published: January 2023

The use of social media is reflective of an individual’s culture. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of the cultural context on Australian and Singaporean sportswomen’s uses of social media. In-depth interviews with 12 elite sportswomen from both countries combined with supplementary information collected through the participating athletes’ Instagram profiles showed that social media uses are influenced by uncertainty avoidance, individualism or collectivism, masculinity or femininity, and long- or short-term orientations. By applying Hofstede and Bond’s cultural dimensions framework, the study presents new knowledge on three cultural dimensions (i.e., uncertainty avoidance, masculinity vs. femininity, and long-term vs. short-term orientation) and broadens the field of sport and social media by comparing the use of social media between athletes from diverse cultures. The study offers significant insight for designing a branding strategy that encompasses cultural contexts to guide athletes on their use of social media.
Chudakov effect for the most probable value of high-energy electron–positron pair ionization loss in thin targets
Authors: Trofymenko S. V. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe ionization loss of a high-energy electron–positron pair in thin targets is considered. The targets not thinner than about 10 $$\upmu $$
μ
m are discussed. The analogue of the Landau distribution function is derived for this loss under the condition when the Chudakov effect of the pair ionization loss suppression is manifested. Expression for the most probable value of the pair ionization loss $$E_{MP}$$

E

MP

is obtained. It is shown that the magnitude of Chudakov effect for $$E_{MP}$$

E

MP

can be noticeably different from the magnitude of this effect for the restricted mean value of the pair ionization loss.
RansomShield: A Visualization Approach to Defending Mobile Systems Against Ransomware
Authors: Lachtar Nada , Ibdah Duha , Khan Hamza , Bacha Anys 
Published: January 2023

The unprecedented growth in mobile systems has transformed the way we approach everyday computing. Unfortunately, the emergence of a sophisticated type of malware known as ransomware poses a great threat to consumers of this technology. Traditional research on mobile malware detection has focused on approaches that rely on analyzing bytecode for uncovering malicious apps. However, cybercriminals can bypass such methods by embedding malware directly in native machine code, making traditional methods inadequate. Another challenge that detection solutions face is scalability. The sheer number of malware variants released every year makes it difficult for solutions to efficiently scale their coverage.
To address these concerns, this work presents RansomShield, an energy-efficient solution that leverages CNNs to detect ransomware. We evaluate CNN architectures that have been known to perform well on computer vision tasks and examine their suitability for ransomware detection. We show that systematically converting native instructions from Android apps into images using space-filling curve visualization techniques enable CNNs to reliably detect ransomware with high accuracy. We characterize the robustness of this approach across ARM and x86 architectures and demonstrate the effectiveness of this solution across heterogeneous platforms including smartphones and chromebooks. We evaluate the suitability of different models for mobile systems by comparing their energy demands using different platforms. In addition, we present a CNN introspection framework that determines the important features that are needed for ransomware detection. Finally, we evaluate the robustness of this solution against adversarial machine learning (AML) attacks using state-of-the-art Android malware dataset.
Be More Conceptual Regarding Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) as Art
Authors: Ito Kensuke 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This statement presents the author’s proposition—“Let’s be more conceptual!”—in response to the attempt to interpret Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) as contemporary art. In the context of NFTs, this opinion has the significance of finding artistry in the underlying decentralized autonomous consensus-building, and in the context of contemporary art, it has the significance of leading to the revival of early conceptual art. The second half of this statement covers the novelty and feasibility of this opinion, referring to precedents in art and engineering.
Teacher as Mediator: How Teacher Interacts with Parents of the Victim and Agent in School Conflict
Authors: Yu Guodong , Wang Chaoqiang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The focus of this article is to compare and contrast how teachers interact with parents about their children’s involvement in school conflicts. To showcase tricky social interactions of this kind, we choose conversation analysis as a contrastive analysis method and take a pair of telephone calls in which a teacher calls the respective parents of the agent and victim involved in a school fight. Data analyses show that the teacher minimizes incident severity and reasonably attributes responsibility in her call to the victim’s parent to prompt forgiveness, whereas attributes full responsibility and maximizes incident severity in her talk with the agent’s parent to press for apology. In their responses, both parents build up “good child” and “good parent” identities and seek for the teacher’s affiliation with their parenting. The mediation calls end when mutual alignment and affiliation are achieved.