bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addressing the trophic status in urban ponds: An evaluation of current trophic state indexes
Authors: Allende Luz , Fontanarrosa María Soledad 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPonds are generally understudied. Quality problems in urban freshwaters can arise from eutrophication, and trophic status classification gives information related to their ecological situation. Ponds may strongly differ from larger lakes for which most current trophic status classification methods have been developed. This paper seeks to compare and contrast the suitability of six trophic status indexes (TSI) and OECD trophic classifications system currently used to evaluate the eutrophication level of urban ponds in the Subtropical region. The trophic status was evaluated based on total phosphorus (TP), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), total nitrogen (TN) and phytoplankton chlorophyll a (Chl a) in 12 ponds placed in different cities from the Pampean region (Argentina), in the warm and cold seasons. Our results demonstrate that there was no relationship between pond size (0.08–2.45 ha) and trophic status. TSIs estimated with Chl a showed significant differences between seasons and the range oligotrophic‐hypertrophic of trophism was encountered. Conversely, TSIs estimated with nutrient concentrations (TP, SRP, TN) did not. The pond's classification in trophic levels fell in the eutrophic‐hypertrophic extreme, and only considering TN/TP broadened the trophic range. No relationship was encountered between Chl a and P; however, Chl a and TN/TP were positively correlated during the warm season. Lower trophic levels regarding TSI (Chl a) were generally associated with a dense floating‐macrophyte cover. We suggest that the TSI considered should correspond to the latitudinal region in which the ponds are located. Our results indicate that it appears restrictive to consider only P contents in ponds to assess eutrophication. Under the proposed framework, the key issues for the study of pond trophic classification will be to include not only P but N concentrations and TN/TP. Also, phytoplankton Chl a concentration jointly with floating macrophytes biomass/coverage should be considered as diagnosis parameters.
Effects of prenatal Doppler ultrasound on the retina of the chick embryo in ovo
Authors: König Julia , Rahn Anja , Schätzel Jana , Frank Marcus , Stahnke Thomas , Witt Martin , Stachs Angrit , Stachs Oliver , Langner Inga , Lindner Tobias , Beller Ebba , Fischer Dagmar‐C. , Streckenbach Felix 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCurrently, the effect of prenatal ultrasound on foetal development is intensively discussed and the guidelines for prenatal diagnostics have been changed. However, data supporting these concerns are scarce. Therefore, we used an established in ovo model of the chicken embryo to investigate cell proliferation and apoptosis within the retina. A total of 21 chicken eggs were fenestrated on Day 5 and allocated to either the control (n = 8) or exposition group (n = 13). The exposition group was treated with pulsed‐wave Doppler ultrasound (PWD) for 10 min while controls remained without treatment. After subsequent incubation (6–48 h), the eggs were sacrificed, and chicken embryos were examined morphologically (HE‐staining) and immunohistochemically. Counting of apoptotic and proliferating cells per retina was performed using antibodies specific for phospho‐histone‐H3 and active caspase‐3 in combination with a biotin‐labelled secondary antibody and peroxidase conjugated avidin–biotin complex for chromogenic detection. Due to a rather low number of specimens at each time point after ultrasound exposition, we neglected the effects of incubation time and focused on treatment effects. This approach revealed that the median number of proliferating cells is reduced after 10 min of exposure to PWD (569 vs. 766), while the number of apoptotic cells is fairly comparable between groups (5 vs. 6). Our data contribute to a better understanding of prenatal US on foetal development by suggesting that PWD could have an impact on the number of proliferating cells in the developing chicken retina and therefore justify further investigations.
Divided Government, Strategic Substitution, and Presidential Unilateralism
Authors: Kaufman Aaron R. , Rogowski Jon C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPresidents select from a range of instruments when creating new policies through executive action. We study strategic substitution in this context and argue that presidents use less visible means of unilateral instruments when Congress is likely to scrutinize presidential action. Using data on unilateral orders issued between 1946 and 2020, we report two main findings. First, analyzing presidents’ choice of instruments, we show that presidents are more likely to substitute memoranda and other less visible instruments for executive orders and proclamations during periods of divided government. Second, after accounting for the substitution of executive orders with other instruments, we find that presidents issue greater numbers of directives during divided government than during unified government. These findings provide new evidence about the limitations of the separation of powers as a constraint on presidential unilateralism and highlight the importance of accounting for the variety of instruments through which presidents create unilateral policies.
Editorial: thiopurine/anti‐TNF use during pregnancy—more encouraging safety data
Authors: Chowdhury Reezwana , Kane Sunanda 
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Nørgård et al and Nørgård & Friedman papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15956 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16024https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16024
Letter: extending FIT from DG30 to NG12 patients
Authors: Turvill James 
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Nicholson et al and Farrugia et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15969 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16068 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16082
Letter: proving the benefit of exercise intervention in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Stine Jonathan G. , Schmitz Kathryn H. 
Published: September 2023

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to O'Gorman et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15989 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16070
Very low probability of significant liver inflammation in chronic hepatitis B patients with low ALT levels in the absence of liver fibrosis
Authors: Sonneveld Milan J. , Brouwer Willem P. , Hansen Bettina E. , Chan Henry L.‐Y. , Piratvisuth Teerha , Jia Ji‐Dong , Zeuzem Stefan , Chien Rong‐Nan , Choi Hannah , de Knegt Robert J. , Wat Cynthia , Pavlovic Vedran , Gaggar Anuj , Xie Qing , Buti Maria , de Man Robert A. , Janssen Harry L.A. ,   for the SONIC‐B Study Group
Published: September 2023

SummaryBackgroundGuidelines recommend liver biopsy to rule out significant inflammatory activity in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with elevated hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA but without other indications for treatment.AimTo study rates and determinants of clinically significant liver inflammation.MethodsWe selected patients with HBV DNA > 2000 IU/mL from the SONIC‐B database. The presence of significant inflammation (METAVIR ≥ A2 or HAI ≥ 9) was assessed by liver biopsy and correlated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels (according to AASLD upper limits of normal [ULN]) and stratified by the presence of significant liver fibrosis (Ishak ≥ 3 or METAVIR ≥ F2).ResultsThe cohort included 2991 patients; 1672 were HBeAg‐positive. ALT was < ULN in 270 (9%), 1‐2 times ULN in 852 (29%) and > 2 times ULN in 1869 (63%). Significant fibrosis was found in 1419 (47%) and significant inflammatory activity in 630 (21%). Significant inflammatory activity was found in 34% of patients with liver fibrosis, compared to 9.5% of those without (P < 0.001). Among patients without fibrosis, significant inflammatory activity was detected in 3.6% of those with normal ALT, 5.0% of those with ALT 1‐2 times ULN and in 13% of those with ALT > 2 times ULN (P < 0.001). ALT < 2 times ULN had a negative predictive value of 95% for ruling out significant inflammatory activity among patients without liver fibrosis.ConclusionsAmong patients without significant fibrosis, an ALT level < 2 times ULN is associated with < 5% probability of significant inflammatory activity. If fibrosis can be ruled out using non‐invasive methods, liver biopsy solely to assess inflammatory activity should be discouraged.
Consequences of TIPSS placement on the body composition of patients with cirrhosis and severe portal hypertension: a large retrospective CT‐based surveillance
Authors: Artru Florent , Miquet Xavier , Azahaf Mustapha , Labreuche Julien , Ntandja Wandji Line Carolle , Sergent Géraldine , Nobécourt Amélie , Toumelin Pierre , Lassailly Guillaume , Dharancy Sébastien , Ernst Olivier , Mathurin Philippe , Louvet Alexandre 
Published: September 2023

SummaryBackgroundBody composition may be modified after improvement of portal hypertension (PHT) by transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPSS) insertion.AimsTo evaluate changes in body composition following TIPSS placement, their relationship with radiological TIPSS patency and function, and the predictive value of these parametersMethodsWe retrospectively included 179 patients with cirrhosis who underwent TIPSS placement in our centre for severe PHT from 2011 to 2017. CT scan‐based surveillance was performed at baseline, 1‐3 (M1‐M3) and 6 months (M6).ResultsThe median model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) score was 11.4 (8.8‐15.1) and Child‐Pugh score 8 (7‐9). Only the MELD score (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.08‐1.20) and sarcopenia assessed by transversal right psoas muscle thickness at the umbilical level/height (TPMPT/height) (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.79‐0.96) were independently associated with 6‐month mortality on multivariate analysis. After TIPSS insertion, TPMT/height increased from 19 mm/m (baseline) to 19.6 mm/m (M1‐M3, P = 0.004) and 21.1 mm/m (M6, P < 0.0001). The improvement and its extent were dependent on the radiological patency and dysfunction of TIPSS. Subcutaneous fat surface (SCFS) increased from 183.4 to 193 cm2 (P < 0.0001) and 229.8 cm2 (P < 0.0001), respectively. We observed a decrease in visceral fat surface (VFS) between baseline and M1‐M3 (163.5‐140.5 cm2 [P < 0.0001]), but not between M1‐M3 and M6 (140.5‐141.2 cm2 [P = 0.9]). SCFS and VFS did not seem to be modified by radiological TIPSS patency and dysfunction.ConclusionsSarcopenia is independently associated with 6‐month outcome and improves after TIPSS placement, together with an inverse evolution of subcutaneous and visceral fat. TIPSS not only treats PHT but also improves body composition.
Review article: the impact of diet on ileoanal pouch function and on the pathogenesis of pouchitis
Authors: Ardalan Zaid S. , Yao Chu K. , Sparrow Miles P. , Gibson Peter R. 
Published: September 2023

SummaryBackgroundThere is expanding interest in the role that diet plays in ileoanal pouch function and in the pathogenesis of pouchitis.AimsTo present a narrative review of published literature regarding the relationship of diet with pouch function and the pathogenesis of pouchitis, and to provide potentially beneficial dietary strategies.MethodsCurrent relevant literature was summarised and critically examined.ResultsDietary components influence pouch function via their effect on upper gastrointestinal transit, small bowel water content and the structure and fermentative activity of the pouch microbiota. FODMAPs in fruits and vegetables appear to affect pouch function the most, with intake positively associated with increased stool frequency and reduced consistency. Dietary factors that influence the pathogenesis of pouchitis appear different and, at times, opposite to those better for optimising function. For example, risk of pouchitis appears to be inversely associated with intake of fruits. The food components mechanistically responsible for this observation are not known, but a rich supply of fermentable fibres and micronutrients in such foods might play a beneficial role via modulation of microbial community structure (such as increasing diversity and/or changing microbial communities to favour ‘protective’ over ‘pathogenic’ bacteria) and function and/or anti‐inflammatory effects.ConclusionAvailable data are weak but suggest tailoring dietary recommendations according to pouch phenotype/behaviour and pouchitis risk might improve outcomes. More sophisticated dietary strategies that utilise the physiological and pathophysiological effects of dietary components on ileoanal pouches have potential to further improve outcomes. Well designed, adequately powered studies are required.
The Future of Accounting Talent: Career Values, Choices and Satisfaction Among Early Career Accountants
Authors: Jackson Denise , Richardson Julia , Michelson Grant , Munir Rahat 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAmid a global war for accounting talent, this paper extends our understanding of early career accountants’ (ECAs) career values and the alignment between their career expectations and experiences when entering the profession. Drawing on survey data from 305 ECAs and 165 managers/recruiters of ECAs in Australia, the paper uses social cognitive career theory and person–organisation fit theory to explore the dynamic interplay between individual and contextual factors and career values, career choices and subsequent career satisfaction. The findings emphasise the importance of both intrinsic, and to a lesser extent extrinsic, career values for ECAs, with variations by gender and organisation setting. ECAs and managers identified different perceptions of attractors to diverse organisational settings. While ECAs were generally satisfied with their careers, satisfaction varied by organisation type. Intrinsic career values were positively associated with ECAs’ career satisfaction, along with age and closer alignment between career expectations and experiences. Our analyses suggest implications for the recruitment and retention of new accounting talent and calls to engage with individual and contextual influences on career values, experiences and satisfaction. Specifically, the paper highlights how different organisations can tailor their strategies to better attract and retain early career accountants to support more sustainable careers.
The chronic myeloid leukaemia story in the United Kingdom since 1960
Authors: Clark Richard E. 
Published: September 2023

SummaryOver the past 60 years, haematologists and scientists from the United Kingdom, notably John Goldman and Tessa Holyoake, have punched above their weight in changing chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) from an incurable and invariably fatal disease for all, to a chronic condition where over 90% have normal life expectancy. As a result, it is now difficult to power a worthwhile phase 3 study for newly diagnosed patients. Nevertheless, important clinical questions remain.
Historical review: a history of the British Journal of Haematology
Authors: Bain Barbara J. 
Published: September 2023

SummaryThe British Journal of Haematology has now been in existence for 65 years. In this time it has served the international community as well as British haematology and has become increasingly international in its outlook. Its changing content has mirrored the changes in haematology over more than six decades, particularly with an increasing emphasis on haematological neoplasms and their treatment.
Improvements in outcome of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in the UK – a success story of modern medicine through successive UKALL trials and international collaboration
Authors: Bartram Jack , Veys Paul , Vora Ajay 
Published: September 2023

SummarySixty years ago, there was no expectation of cure for children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and treatment was essentially palliative. In the year 2020, >90% of children and >70% of young adults can expect to be cured with first‐line therapy and 20–50% of relapses can be salvaged depending on age and timing of relapse. The focus of treatment is gradually shifting from intensive therapy to the use of new agents to optimise efficacy, while minimising acute and long‐term toxicity. The UKALL trials have made important contributions to the refinement of treatment stratification and scheduling, which have delivered the excellent outcomes to date without new agents. This year UKALL, with other groups across Europe, will begin a new collaborative group working from a unified ALL protocol (ALLTogether) that will incorporate new agents including immune‐based approaches.
PRUNE1 (located on chromosome 1q21.3) promotes multiple myeloma with 1q21 Gain by enhancing the links between purine and mitochondrion
Authors: Xu Jiadai , Wang Yawen , Li Panpan , Chen Chen , Jiang Zhihong , Wang Xiaona , Liu Peng 
Published: September 2023

SummaryPatients with multiple myeloma (MM) with chromosome 1q21 Gain (1q21+) are clinically and biologically heterogeneous. 1q21+ in the real world actually reflects the prognosis for gain/amplification of the CKS1B gene. In this study, we found that the copy number of prune exopolyphosphatase 1 (PRUNE1), located on chromosome 1q21.3, could further stratify the prognosis of MM patients with 1q21+. Using selected reaction monitoring/multiple reaction monitoring (SRM/MRM) analysis, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal fluorescence microscopy, calculation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates (OCRs), we demonstrated for the first time that PRUNE1 promotes the proliferation and invasion of MM cells by stimulating purine metabolism, purine synthesis enzymes and mitochondrial functions, enhancing links between purinosomes and mitochondria. SOX11 was identified as a transcription factor for PRUNE1. Through integrated analysis of the transcriptome and proteome, CD73 was determined to be the downstream target of PRUNE1. Furthermore, it has been determined that dipyridamole can effectively suppress the proliferation of MM cells with high‐expression levels of PRUNE1 in vitro and in vivo. These findings provide insights into disease‐causing mechanisms and new therapeutic targets for MM patients with 1q21+.
Using item scores and response times in person‐fit assessment
Authors: Gorney Kylie , Sinharay Sandip , Liu Xiang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe use of joint models for item scores and response times is becoming increasingly popular in educational and psychological testing. In this paper, we propose two new person‐fit statistics for such models in order to detect aberrant behaviour. The first statistic is computed by combining two existing person‐fit statistics: one for the item scores, and one for the item response times. The second statistic is computed directly using the likelihood function of the joint model. Using detailed simulations, we show that the empirical null distributions of the new statistics are very close to the theoretical null distributions, and that the new statistics tend to be more powerful than several existing statistics for item scores and/or response times. A real data example is also provided using data from a licensure examination.
Decline and fall of the Ediacarans: late‐Neoproterozoic extinctions and the rise of the modern biosphere
Authors: Mussini Giovanni , Dunn Frances S. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTThe end‐Neoproterozoic transition marked a gradual but permanent shift between distinct configurations of Earth's biosphere. This interval witnessed the demise of the enigmatic Ediacaran Biota, ushering in the structured trophic webs and disparate animal body plans of Phanerozoic ecosystems. However, little consensus exists on the reality, drivers, and macroevolutionary implications of end‐Neoproterozoic extinctions. Here we evaluate potential drivers of late‐Neoproterozoic turnover by addressing recent findings on Ediacaran geochronology, the persistence of classical Ediacaran macrobionts into the Cambrian, and the existence of Ediacaran crown‐group eumetazoans. Despite renewed interest in the possibility of Phanerozoic‐style ‘mass extinctions’ in the latest Neoproterozoic, our synthesis of the available evidence does not support extinction models based on episodic geochemical triggers, nor does it validate simple ecological interpretations centred on direct competitive displacement. Instead, we argue that the protracted and indirect effects of early bilaterian innovations, including escalations in sediment engineering, predation, and the largely understudied impacts of reef‐building, may best account for the temporal structure and possible selectivity of late‐Neoproterozoic extinctions. We integrate these processes into a generalised model of early eumetazoan‐dominated ecologies, charting the disruption of spatial and temporal isotropy on the Ediacaran benthos as a consequence of diversifying macrofaunal interactions. Given the nature of resource distribution in Ediacaran ecologies, the continuities among Ediacaran and Cambrian faunas, and the convergent origins of ecologically disruptive innovations among bilaterians we suggest that the rise of Phanerozoic‐type biotas may have been unstoppable.
Skill‐replacing process innovation and the labour market: Theory and evidence
Authors: Zhu Wenbo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractI study the differential impacts of product innovation and process innovation on the labour market. Using European data from 2000 to 2018, I find that industries with proportionally more firms reporting product innovation than process innovation also tend to exhibit a lower income share of low‐skilled workers. To better understand the mechanism, I develop a dynamic growth model in which firms conduct both types of innovation endogenously. In the model, product innovation introduces new intermediate goods, which tend to require high‐skilled workers to implement. Process innovation simplifies existing production technologies and thereby allows firms to replace high‐skilled workers with low‐skilled ones. I calibrate an extended version of the model to the largest two industries in UK in 2014 and 2018, respectively. I find that product innovation has become less costly but increasingly demanding for skills, and the cost of process innovation has increased on average and become more diverse across firms.
Developmental trajectory of appetitive traits and their bidirectional relations with body mass index from infancy to early childhood
Authors: Cummings Jenna R. , Lipsky Leah M. , Faith Myles S. , Nansel Tonja R. 
Published: September 2023

SummaryAppetitive traits, including food responsiveness, enjoyment of food, satiety responsiveness and slowness in eating, are associated with childhood body mass index. Change in appetitive traits from infancy to childhood and the direction of causality between appetitive traits and body mass index are unclear. The present study examined the developmental trajectory of appetitive traits and their bidirectional relations with body mass index, from infancy to early childhood. Mothers in the Pregnancy Eating Attributes Study and follow‐up (n = 162) reported child appetitive traits using the Baby and Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaires at ages 6 months and 3.5 years, respectively. Standardized body mass index (zBMI) was calculated from child anthropometrics. Cross‐lagged panel models estimated bidirectional relations between appetitive traits and zBMI. Food responsiveness, satiety responsiveness and slowness in eating increased from infancy to early childhood. In cross‐lagged panel models, lower infant satiety responsiveness (B ± SE = −0.45 ± 0.19, p = .02) predicted greater child zBMI. Infant zBMI did not predict child appetitive traits (p‐values >.36). From infancy to early childhood, appetitive traits may amplify. Appetitive traits, particularly satiety responsiveness, appear to influence body mass index during this period, suggesting early intervention targeting these traits may reduce childhood obesity.