bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term stable and high responsivity visible-ultraviolet photodetector of Se-doped CdO film on Si by spin coating
Authors: Şakar Betül Ceviz , Orhan Zeynep , Yıldırım Fatma , Aydoğan Ş 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Se-doped CdO thin films were prepared on p-Si substrates via spin coating. Morphological, structural and absorption measurements of CdO:Se film was performed. Then, a CdS:Se/p-Si heterojunction was produced by coating CdO:Se film on a p-Si substrate using spin coating method. From the I–V measurements, it has been seen that the device has a very good rectification feature in the dark, at room temperature. In order to investigate the performance of the device under light, a detailed analysis was performed by performing I–V measurements under ultraviolet (UV) light (365 and 395 nm, 10 mW cm−2) and different intensities of visible light (between 10 and 125 mW cm−2) as well as ambient light. It was observed that the CdO:Se/p-Si heterojunction performed well under both illumination conditions. The maximum responsivity and specific detectivity values were obtained as 0.72 and 4.47 A W−1 and 3.31 × 109 and 2.05 × 1010 Jones for visible and UV regions, respectively. It was also seen that the device exhibited very high performance and stability even after 160 days.
Remediation of contaminants from wastewater using algal nanoparticles via green chemistry approach: an organized review
Authors: Sharma Anuj , Pal Kaushik , Saini Neha , Kumar Sumit , Bansal Deepak , Mona Sharma 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBio-nanotechnology is one of the new and sound techniques that have various advantages over conventional methods of wastewater treatment. The utilization of nanomaterials like nanoparticles for wastewater treatment is emerging field of research. Both physical and chemical methods can be used for nanoparticle synthesis, but synthesis based on algae (biological method) has numerous advantages over others as it is environmentally friendly and sustainable. Top–down and bottom–up are the two approaches used for nanoparticle synthesis, generally, bio-reduction (bottom–up approach) is used to synthesize nanoparticles. Nanoparticles can be synthesized inside the cell of algae called intracellular synthesis and outside on the surface of the cell called extracellular synthesis. Temperature, pH, and reaction time are some of the factors that can influence the synthesis, size, and properties of nanoparticles. Characterization of nanoparticles is carried out with the help of the techniques like UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), x-ray diffraction, Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy, etc. Algal nanoparticles are highly efficient in the remediation of contaminants like heavy metals and dyes from wastewater. In the present review, the utilization of algal nanoparticles for wastewater treatment containing contaminants like heavy metals, and dye, and various methods of synthesis of nanoparticles from algae are discussed. Moreover, the challenges and opportunities present in this field are also highlighted. As this field is in its initial stage, therefore, a lot of research gaps are present, which can only be filled by further new research.
Human lung virtual histology by multi-scale x-ray phase-contrast computed tomography
Authors: Reichmann Jakob , Verleden Stijn E , Kühnel Mark , Kamp Jan C , Werlein Christopher , Neubert Lavinia , Müller Jan-Hendrik , Bui Thanh Quynh , Ackermann Maximilian , Jonigk Danny , Salditt Tim 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objectives. As the central organ of the respiratory system, the human lung is responsible for supplying oxygen to the blood, which reaches the erythrocytes by diffusion through the alveolar walls and is then distributed throughout the body. By exploiting the difference in electron density detected by a phase shift in soft tissue, high-resolution x-ray phase-contrast computed tomography (XPCT) can resolve biological structures in a sub-μm range, shedding new light on the three-dimensional structure of the lungs, physiological functions and pathological mechanisms. Approach. This work presents both synchrotron and laboratory XPCT results of postmortem tissue from autopsies and biopsies embedded with various preparation protocols such as precision-cut lung slices, cryogenically fixed lung tissue, as well as paraffin and alcohol fixed tissue. The selection of pathological abnormalities includes channel of Lambert, bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue and alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins. Subsequently, quantification and visualization approaches are presented. Main results. The overall high image quality even of in-house XPCT scans for the case of FFPE biopsies can be exploited for a wide range of pulmonary pathologies and translated to dedicated and optimized instrumentation which could be operated in clinical setting. By using synchrotron radiation, contrast can be further increased to resolve sub-μm sized features down to the sub-cellular level. The results demonstrate that a wide range of preparation protocols including sample mounting in liquids can be used. Significance. With XPCT, poorly understood 3D structures can be identified in larger volume overview and subsequently studied in more detail at higher resolution. With the full 3D structure, the respective physiological functions of airways or vascular networks, and the different pathophysiologic mechanisms can be elucidated or at least underpinned with structural data. Moreover, synchrotron data can be used to validate laboratory protocols and provide ground truth for standardizing the method.
Plasma acceleration in a magnetic arch
Authors: Merino Mario , García-Lahuerta Diego , Ahedo Eduardo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
When two magnetic nozzles with opposite polarity are placed side by side, a ‘magnetic arch’ (MA) is formed, which connects the field lines of each nozzle into a closed-line configuration. The plasma expansion and acceleration in this magnetic topology are relevant for clusters of electrodeless plasma thrusters, as well as novel, non-cylindrical thruster architectures. A collisionless, quasineutral, two-fluid model of the plasma expansion in a MA, is introduced. The plasma properties (density, electron temperature, electrostatic potential, ion velocity, electric currents) in the 2D planar and zero plasma-beta limit are analyzed, and the magnetic thrust density is discussed. It is shown that the ions coming out of the two nozzles meet on a shock-like structure to form a single beam that propagates beyond the closed lines of the applied magnetic field, generating magnetic thrust. A small magnetic drag contribution comes from the final part of the expansion. The plasma-induced magnetic field is then computed self-consistently for non-zero plasma-beta expansions, showing that it stretches the MA in the downstream direction and helps reduce that drag contribution. Finally, the limitations of the present model are discussed.
Cross-calibration of atomic pressure sensors and deviation from quantum diffractive collision universality for light particles
Authors: Shen Pinrui , Frieling Erik , Herperger Katherine R , Uhland Denis , Stewart Riley A , Deshmukh Avinash , Krems Roman V , Booth James L , Madison Kirk W 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The room-temperature, velocity-averaged, total cross section for atom–atom and atom–molecule collisions can be approximated using a universal function depending only on the magnitude of the leading order dispersion coefficient, C
6. This feature of the total cross section together with the universal function for the energy distribution transferred by glancing angle collisions (

p

QDU6

(Booth et al 2019 New J. Phys.
21 102001)) can be used to empirically determine the total collision cross section and realize a self-calibrating, vacuum pressure standard. This was previously validated for Rb+N2 and Rb+Rb collisions. However, the post-collision energy distribution is expected to deviate from

p

QDU6

in the limit of small C
6 and small reduced mass. Here we observe this deviation experimentally by performing a direct cross-species loss rate comparison for Rb+H2 and Li+H2 collisions. We measure a velocity averaged total collision cross section ratio of

R
=
⟨

σ

tot

v

⟩

Li+H

2

:
⟨

σ

tot

v

⟩

Rb+H

2

=
0.83
(
5
)

. Based on an ab initio computation of

⟨

σ

tot

v

⟩

Li+H

2

=

3.104
×

10

−
15

m3 s−1, we deduce

⟨

σ

tot

v

⟩

Rb+H

2

=
3.6
(
2
)
×

10

−
15

m3 s−1, in agreement with a Rb+H2
ab initio value of

⟨

σ

t
o
t

v

⟩

R
b
+

H
2

=
3.574
×

10

−
15

m

3

s

−
1

. By contrast, fitting the Rb+H2 loss rate as a function of trap depth to the universal function we find

⟨

σ

tot

v

⟩

Rb+H

2

=

5.52
(
9
)
×

10

−
15

m3 s−1. This work demonstrates the utility of sensor-atom cross-calibration experiments to check the validity of theoretical computations to extend and enhance the performance of cold atom based pressure sensors.
Quantum scars in spin-
1/2
isotropic Heisenberg clusters
Authors: Zhang G , Song Z 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We investigate the influence of the external fields on the statistics of energy levels and towers of eigenstates in spin-

1

/

2

isotropic Heisenberg clusters, including chain, ladder, square and triangular lattices. In the presence of uniform field in one direction, the SU(2) symmetry of the system allows that almost whole spectrum consists of a large number of towers with identical level spacing. Exact diagonalization on finite clusters shows that random transverse fields in other two directions drive the level statistics from Poisson to Wigner–Dyson distributions with different values of mean level spacing ratio, indicating the transition from integrability to non-integrability. However, for the three types of clusters, it is found that the largest tower still hold approximately even the symmetry is broken, resulting to a quantum scar. Remarkably, the non-thermalized states cover the Greenberger–Horn–Zeilinger and W states, which maintain the feature of revival while a Neel state decays fast in the dynamic processes. In addition, some dynamic schemes for experimental detection are proposed. Our finding reveals the possibility of quantum information processing that is immune to the thermalization in finite size quantum spin clusters.
Unsafe food additive sensing through octagonal-core photonic crystal fibre sensor
Authors: Maidi Abdul Mu’iz , Kalam Md Abul , Begum Feroza 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
To detect food additives, a simple photonic crystal fibre design based on an octagonal hole and hollow circular cladding holes in two layers has been introduced. The numerical study of the design is conducted by simulation in the COMSOL Multiphysics software with the infiltrated test analytes: saccharin, sorbitol, and butyl acetate, operating in the wavelength variation from 1.6 to 4.0 μm. The performance of the proposed sensor is determined by analysing the principal optical parameters: effective refractive index, power fraction, relative sensitivity, confinement loss, chromatic dispersion, propagation constant, V-parameter, spot size, and beam divergence. At the optimal wavelength of 2.0 μm, the sensor design depicts high relative sensitivities of 98.06% for saccharin, 97.05% for sorbitol, 95.81% for butyl acetate, and 3.82 × 10−23 dBm−1 for saccharin, 3.44 × 10−22 dBm−1 for sorbitol, and 1.81 × 10−21 dBm−1 for butyl acetate for confinement loss, which is extremely low. Hence, the proposed food additive sensor is suitable for actual sensing applications based on these obtained results.
An optimized B/Ir supermirror for Einstein Probe focusing mirrors in x-ray region of above 8 keV
Authors: Wang H D , Ma J R , Lu Jing-Bin , Liu Zhixian , Zirui Situ , Ren Zhen , Li Qingyang , Zhu Yuxuan , Yang Yanji , Chen Yong , Xu Yupeng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Einstein Probe (EP) focusing mirrors is a main load to focus and image x-rays. A single-layer which adopts Nickel substrates and Gold reflective coatings has been used for the EP focusing mirrors and has excellent performance below 8 keV. It is a possibility to enhance the effective area of higher x-ray regions by using the multilayer design. The multilayer with single block is designed and has excellent reflectance at specific x-ray energies above 8 keV. 54 multilayers are used for all mirror shells with different incident angles. The optimized B/Ir supermirror design for focusing mirrors with short focal length shows an effective area of up to 152 cm2 in 9 keV. And, the method can be used to design supermirror for higher x-ray regions, which will achieve hard x-ray detection with short focal length focusing mirrors and small hard x-ray detection satellite.
A reduced-turbulence regime in the Large Helical Device upon injection of low-Z materials powders
Authors: Nespoli F. , Tanaka K. , Masuzaki S. , Ashikawa N. , Shoji M. , Gilson E.P. , Lunsford R. , Oishi T. , Ida K. , Yoshinuma M. , Takemura Y. , Kinoshita T. , Motojima G. , Osakabe M. , Kenmochi N. , Kawamura G. , Suzuki C. , Nagy A. , Bortolon A. , Pablant N.A. , Mollen A. , Tamura N. , Gates D.A. , Morisaki T. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Recently an improved confinement regime, characterized by reduced turbulent fluctuations has been observed in the Large Helical Device upon the injection of boron powder into the plasma (Nespoli et al 2022 Nat. Phys.
18 350–56). In this article, we report in more detail the experimental observations of increased plasma temperature and the decrease of turbulent fluctuations across the plasma cross section, on an extended database. In particular, we compare powders of different materials (B, C, BN), finding similar temperature improvement and turbulence response for the three cases. Modeling of the powder penetration into the plasma and of neoclassical electric field and fluxes support the interpretation of the experimental results. Additionally, we report evidence of the temperature improvement increasing with powder injection rates and decreasing for both increasing density and heating power. Though, plasma turbulence response varies depending on the initial conditions of the plasma, making it difficult to draw an inclusive description of the phenomenon.
About the quantum Talbot effect on the sphere
Authors: Chamizo Fernando , Santillán Osvaldo P 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Schrödinger equation on a circle with an initially localized profile of the wave function is known to give rise to revivals or replications, where the probability density of the particle is partially reproduced at rational times. As a consequence of the convolutional form of the general solution it is deduced that a piecewise constant initial wave function remains piecewise constant at rational times as well. For a sphere instead, it is known that this piecewise revival does not necessarily occur, indeed the wave function becomes singular at some specific locations at rational times. It may be desirable to study the same problem, but with an initial condition being a localized Dirac delta instead of a piecewise constant function, and this is the purpose of the present work. By use of certain summation formulas for the Legendre polynomials together with properties of Gaussian sums, it is found that revivals on the sphere occur at rational times for some specific locations, and the structure of singularities of the resulting wave function is characterized in detail. In addition, a partial study of the regions where the density vanishes, named before valley of shadows in the context of the circle, is initiated here. It is suggested that, differently from the circle case, these regions are not lines but instead some specific set of points along the sphere. A conjecture about the precise form of this set is stated and the intuition behind it is clarified.
Development of p-amino acetanilide functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes as an effective carrier for lansoprazole release
Authors: Abniki Milad , Azizi Zahra , Poorebrahim Sepideh , Moniri Elham 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Nowadays the nano-drug delivery system is an appropriate procedure for solving the problem of controlling drug performance in a traditional method. For this purpose, a new nano-adsorbent of modification multi-walled carbon nanotubes with cyanuric chloride and para-amino acetanilide was synthesized for the effective sorption and desorption of lansoprazole drugs. Physicochemical properties of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes with cyanuric chloride and para-amino acetanilide were then specified with energy dispersive spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, infrared spectroscopy (IR), thermal gravimetric (TGA), and elemental analysis (CHN). The adsorption process followed by the drug release kinetics and isotherm models has indicated a good and acceptable kinetic adsorption and Langmuir isotherm model in conditions simulated. The maximum capacity value for the lansoprazole adsorption by nano-adsorbent was 48.781 mg g−1 at an optimal pH of 6. The result of the drug release mechanism was shown in the first 30 min in the stomach is as much as 30% of the drug is released into the environment by MT-CC/pA. The efficiency and adsorption capacity of the produced nano-adsorbent is extremely high for lansoprazole sorption.
Analysis of Al–Mg–Si alloy reinforced with optimal palm kernel shell ash particle and its impact on dynamic properties for sounding rocket application
Authors: Oyedeji Elijah Oyewusi , Dauda Mohammed , Yaro Shehu Aliyu , Abdulwahab Malik , Nathaniel Oyedeji Ayodeji 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Due to heavy usage and rising populations, there is a growing need for local and naturally derived materials in the automotive and aerospace industries. Furthermore, due to their excellent mechanical qualities and high strength-to-weight ratio, composite materials are expected to perform better than traditional materials, particularly in automotive and aerospace applications. According to this perspective, this research aims to investigate the effects of optimal compositions of Al–Mg–Si alloy reinforced with palm kernel shell ash (PKSA) particles on dynamic mechanical characteristics of the composite produced via the powder metallurgy route. PKSA compositions of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 wt% as reinforcement on Al–Mg–Si powder were used to evaluate the static tensile strength of the produced composites. In this study, the damping factor, change in length, flexural, storage, and loss moduli were determined. In addition, the produced composites’ bulk density, hardness, creep, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis were also investigated. According to the study’s morphology result, recrystallisation of the powdered composition during ball milling increased dislocation density and harder phases in the PKSA, contributing to the PKSA’s better characteristics. Furthermore, the optimum weight percentage of 6.0 wt% of PKSA (Sample C4) has significant properties compared to the unreinforced (control) sample and was also found to have improved storage modulus, loss modulus, and damping behaviour. These findings showed that the developed composite, particularly sample C4, may be used in various technical applications, including automotive and aerospace industries.
Thermally tunable vanadium-dioxide-based broadband metamaterial absorber with switchable functionality in the terahertz band
Authors: Xu Chongyang , Duan Guiyuan , Xu Wei , Wang Xingzhu , Huang Yang , Zhang Xiangyang , Zhu Huaxin , Wang Ben-Xin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a thermally tunable broadband metamaterial absorber, with switchable functionality in the terahertz band, consisted of periodically arranged vanadium dioxide (VO2) and a gold film separated by a layer of polyimide is reported, which is capable of switching from absorber to reflector through the phase change property of VO2. When VO2 is in the metallic state, three near-perfect absorption peaks localized at 3.48 THz, 5.09 THz and 7.05 THz are obtained, and the combination of them gives rise to a broadband absorption, more than 90% of absolute absorption bandwidth reaches 4.35 THz (3.1–7.45 THz) with a relative absorption bandwidth of 82.46%. When VO2 is in the dielectric state, it can switch from near-perfect broadband absorption to near-perfect reflection with the maximum intensity modulation of 92.4%. The broadband absorption is insensitive to polarization of incident beam due to symmetrical structure design and exhibits excellent tolerance for large oblique incidence angle. In addition, size changes of patterned VO2 array structure provides a large impact on the absorption performance of the thermally tunable device, especially the absorption bandwidth. Our proposed device is expected to have outstanding prospects in terahertz thermal imaging, communications, and temperature-controlled metasurface.
Multi-criteria comparison tools to evaluate cost- and eco-efficiency of ultra-high-performance concrete
Authors: Tavares Cesario , Skillen Kinsey , Shi Xijun , Grasley Zachary 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This work was motivated by the increasing need for proper metrics and tools to demonstrate the effect of mechanical performance, as a function of concrete mix composition, in dictating the dimensions of structural elements and associated costs and embodied carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Mixture compositions associated with different concrete technologies were compared using multi-criteria comparison indices derived using structural design considerations and calculated using information on compressive strength, volumetric embodied CO2 and unit costs. In addition, predicted compressive strengths obtained with machine learning (ML) models are used to calculate these indices for a domain of mix proportions associated with ultra-high-performance concrete materials to generate multi-objective density diagrams (MODDs). The makeup of this tool facilitates the evaluation of rather complicated trends associated with mix proportions and multi-objective outcomes, allowing ML-based tools to be of easy interpretation by industry personnel with no expertise in artificial intelligence. MODDs could be used as aids in the decision-making process during mix design stages and serve as proof of mixture optimization that could be introduced in environmental product declarations. Results show that, in contrast to conventional wisdom, high-binder content and ultra-high strength concrete technologies are not necessarily detrimental to cost and/or eco efficiencies. For the applications evaluated herein, optimum solutions were mostly obtained with these types of concrete, suggesting that industry trends toward requiring minimization of embodied carbon footprint on a per volume of concrete basis are misguided and should not be used as a standalone metric to minimize the total carbon footprint of concrete structures.