bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of nasotracheal versus orotracheal intubation for sedation, assisted spontaneous breathing, mobilization, and outcome in critically ill patients: an exploratory retrospective analysis
Authors: Grensemann Jörn , Gilmour Sophie , Tariparast Pischtaz Adel , Petzoldt Martin , Kluge Stefan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNasotracheal intubation (NTI) may be used for long term ventilation in critically ill patients. Although tracheostomy is often favored, NTI may exhibit potential benefits. Compared to orotracheal intubation (OTI), patients receiving NTI may require less sedation and thus be more alert and with less episodes of depression of respiratory drive. We aimed to study the association of NTI versus OTI with sedation, assisted breathing, mobilization, and outcome in an exploratory analysis. Retrospective data on patients intubated in the intensive care unit (ICU) and ventilated for > 48 h were retrieved from electronic records for up to ten days after intubation. Outcome measures were a Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale (RASS) of 0 or − 1, sedatives, vasopressors, assisted breathing, mobilization on the ICU mobility scale (ICU-MS), and outcome. From January 2018 to December 2020, 988 patients received OTI and 221 NTI. On day 1–3, a RASS of 0 or − 1 was attained in OTI for 4.0 ± 6.1 h/d versus 9.4 ± 8.4 h/d in NTI, p < 0.001. Propofol, sufentanil, and norepinephrine were required less frequently in NTI and doses were lower. The NTI group showed a higher proportion of spontaneous breathing from day 1 to 7 (day 1–6: p < 0.001, day 7: p = 0.002). ICU-MS scores were higher in the NTI group (d1–d9: p < 0.001, d10: p = 0.012). OTI was an independent predictor for mortality (odds ratio 1.602, 95% confidence interval 1.132–2.268, p = 0.008). No difference in the rate of tracheostomy was found. NTI was associated with less sedation, more spontaneous breathing, and a higher degree of mobilization during physiotherapy. OTI was identified as an independent predictor for mortality. Due to these findings a new prospective evaluation of NTI versus OTI should be conducted to study risks and benefits in current critical care medicine.
Label-free measurement of antimicrobial peptide interactions with lipid vesicles and nanodiscs using microscale thermophoresis
Authors: Rainsford Philip , Rylandsholm Fredrik G. , Jakubec Martin , Silk Mitchell , Juskewitz Eric , Ericson Johanna U. , Svendsen John-Sigurd , Engh Richard A. , Isaksson Johan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOne strategy to combat antimicrobial resistance is the discovery of new classes of antibiotics. Most antibiotics will at some point interact with the bacterial membrane to either interfere with its integrity or to cross it. Reliable and efficient tools for determining the dissociation constant for membrane binding (KD) and the partitioning coefficient between the aqueous- and membrane phases (KP) are therefore important tools for discovering and optimizing antimicrobial hits. Here we demonstrate that microscale thermophoresis (MST) can be used for label-free measurement of KD by utilising the intrinsic fluorescence of tryptophan and thereby removing the need for chromophore labelling. As proof of principle, we have used the method to measure the binding of a set of small cyclic AMPs to large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) and two types of lipid nanodiscs assembled by styrene maleic acid (SMA) and quaternary ammonium SMA (SMA-QA). The measured KD values correlate well with the corresponding measurements using surface plasmon resonance (SPR), also broadly reflecting the tested AMPs’ minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) towards S. aureus and E. coli. We conclude that MST is a promising method for fast and cost-efficient detection of peptide-lipid interactions or mapping of sample conditions in preparation for more advanced studies that rely on expensive sample preparation, labelling and/or instrument time.
Assessment of lead exposure in indoor shooters in central Poland
Authors: Darago Adam , Klimczak Michał , Jurewicz Joanna , Kucharska Małgorzata , Kilanowicz Anna 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA steady increase in shooting practices is observed worldwide. Potential lead exposure at shooting ranges poses a risk to their employees and users, which is not widely reported outside of the USA, especially in Poland. Exposure to lead results from the use of bullets containing lead and the main route of exposure to this metal at shooting ranges is inhalation, i.e., during shooting or cleaning. The aim of this study was to assess lead exposure of employees and users in selected indoor shooting ranges in central Poland. Airborne lead concentrations at all locations in the shooting ranges were above Polish occupational exposure limit (OEL, 0.05 mg m−3). Elevated blood and urine lead levels, and decreased 4-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity (ALA-D) were found in subjects participating in shooting even for only a few (< 10) hours per week. Lead exposure at shooting ranges in central Poland, as indicated by elevated blood lead levels and decreased ALA-D activity, could represent an elevated risk for adverse health effects. Thus, information on the possible health consequences of lead exposure should be provided at these sites, and biomonitoring appears to be reasonable for regular workers and shooters.
Bacteria associated with Zn-hyperaccumulators Arabidopsis halleri and Arabidopsis arenosa from Zn–Pb–Cd waste heaps in Poland as promising tools for bioremediation
Authors: Oleńska Ewa , Małek Wanda , Wójcik Małgorzata , Szopa Sebastian , Swiecicka Izabela , Aleksandrowicz Olgierd , Włostowski Tadeusz , Zawadzka Weronika , Sillen Wouter M. A. , Vangronsveld Jaco , Cholakova Iva , Langill Tori , Thijs Sofie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo identify metal adapted bacteria equipped with traits positively influencing the growth of two hyperaccumulator plant species Arabidopsis arenosa and Arabidopsis halleri, we isolated bacteria inhabiting rhizosphere and vegetative tissues (roots, basal and stem leaves) of plants growing on two old Zn–Pb–Cd waste heaps in Bolesław and Bukowno (S. Poland), and characterized their potential plant growth promoting (PGP) traits as well as determined metal concentrations in rhizosphere and plant tissues. To determine taxonomic position of 144 bacterial isolates, 16S rDNA Sanger sequencing was used. A metabolic characterization of isolated strains was performed in vitro using PGP tests. A. arenosa and A. halleri accumulate high amounts of Zn in their tissues, especially in stem leaves. Among in total 22 identified bacterial taxa, the highest level of the taxonomical diversity (H’ = 2.01) was revealed in A. halleri basal leaf endophytes originating from Bukowno waste heap area. The 96, 98, 99, and 98% of investigated strains showed tolerant to Cd, Zn, Pb and Cu, respectively. Generally, higher percentages of bacteria could synthesize auxins, siderophores, and acetoin as well as could solubilize phosphate. Nine of waste heap origin bacterial strains were tolerant to toxic metals, showed in vitro PGP traits and are potential candidates for bioremediation.
Machine learning approaches that use clinical, laboratory, and electrocardiogram data enhance the prediction of obstructive coronary artery disease
Authors: Lee Hyun-Gyu , Park Sang-Don , Bae Jang-Whan , Moon SungJoon , Jung Chai Young , Kim Mi-Sook , Kim Tae-Hun , Lee Won Kyung 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPretest probability (PTP) for assessing obstructive coronary artery disease (ObCAD) was updated to reduce overestimation. However, standard laboratory findings and electrocardiogram (ECG) raw data as first-line tests have not been evaluated for integration into the PTP estimation. Therefore, this study developed an ensemble model by adopting machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms with clinical, laboratory, and ECG data for the assessment of ObCAD. Data were extracted from the electronic medical records of patients with suspected ObCAD who underwent coronary angiography. With the ML algorithm, 27 clinical and laboratory data were included to identify ObCAD, whereas ECG waveform data were utilized with the DL algorithm. The ensemble method combined the clinical-laboratory and ECG models. We included 7907 patients between 2008 and 2020. The clinical and laboratory model showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.747; the ECG model had an AUC of 0.685. The ensemble model demonstrated the highest AUC of 0.767. The sensitivity, specificity, and F1 score of the ensemble model ObCAD were 0.761, 0.625, and 0.696, respectively. It demonstrated good performance and superior prediction over traditional PTP models. This may facilitate personalized decisions for ObCAD assessment and reduce PTP overestimation.
Rapid growth and high cloud-forming potential of anthropogenic sulfate aerosol in a thermal power plant plume during COVID lockdown in India
Authors: Singh Aishwarya , Raj Subha S. , Panda Upasana , Kommula Snehitha M. , Jose Christi , Liu Tianjia , Huang Shan , Swain Basudev , Pöhlker Mira L. , Reyes-Villegas Ernesto , Ojha Narendra , Vaishya Aditya , Bigi Alessandro , Ravikrishna R. , Zhu Qiao , Shi Liuhua , Allen James , Martin Scot T. , McFiggans Gordon , Andreae Meinrat O. , Pöschl Ulrich , Coe Hugh , Bianchi F. , Su Hang , Kanawade Vijay P. , Liu Pengfei , Gunthe Sachin S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe COVID lockdown presented an interesting opportunity to study the anthropogenic emissions from different sectors under relatively cleaner conditions in India. The complex interplays of power production, industry, and transport could be dissected due to the significantly reduced influence of the latter two emission sources. Here, based on measurements of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity and chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols during the lockdown, we report an episodic event resulting from distinct meteorological conditions. This event was marked by rapid growth and high hygroscopicity of new aerosol particles formed in the SO2 plume from a large coal-fired power plant in Southern India. These sulfate-rich particles had high CCN activity and number concentration, indicating high cloud-forming potential. Examining the sensitivity of CCN properties under relatively clean conditions provides important new clues to delineate the contributions of different anthropogenic emission sectors and further to understand their perturbations of past and future climate forcing.
Predicting extreme floods and droughts in East Africa using a deep learning approach
Authors: Patil Kalpesh Ravindra , Doi Takeshi , Behera Swadhin K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe East African region is highly susceptible to severe floods and persistent droughts, which greatly impact the livelihood of millions of people. Early warnings, at least a few seasons in advance, would help implement mitigation measures. However, most prediction systems using dynamical models perform poorly at long lead times. In this study, we propose a statistical deep learning approach based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) to predict extreme floods and droughts during the short rains season (October–December). The proposed CNN model captures the phase of extreme floods and droughts two to three seasons ahead, except for a few cases. By diagnosing the model’s skills using heatmaps, we find that predicted extreme floods and droughts are linked with the sea surface temperature anomalies of the Indian Ocean Dipole at shorter leads and with western and southern Indian Ocean, equatorial Pacific, and southern Atlantic Ocean at longer leads. Although there were a few poorly predicted exceptions, the superior skill of our CNN-based predictions at longer leads provides a significant advantage in developing mitigation measures.
Extensive screening reveals previously undiscovered aminoglycoside resistance genes in human pathogens
Authors: Lund David , Coertze Roelof Dirk , Parras-Moltó Marcos , Berglund Fanny , Flach Carl-Fredrik , Johnning Anna , Larsson D. G. Joakim , Kristiansson Erik 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAntibiotic resistance is a growing threat to human health, caused in part by pathogens accumulating antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) through horizontal gene transfer. New ARGs are typically not recognized until they have become widely disseminated, which limits our ability to reduce their spread. In this study, we use large-scale computational screening of bacterial genomes to identify previously undiscovered mobile ARGs in pathogens. From ~1 million genomes, we predict 1,071,815 genes encoding 34,053 unique aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs). These cluster into 7,612 families (<70% amino acid identity) of which 88 are previously described. Fifty new AME families are associated with mobile genetic elements and pathogenic hosts. From these, 24 of 28 experimentally tested AMEs confer resistance to aminoglycoside(s) in Escherichia coli, with 17 providing resistance above clinical breakpoints. This study greatly expands the range of clinically relevant aminoglycoside resistance determinants and demonstrates that computational methods enable early discovery of potentially emerging ARGs.
The serotonin transporter sustains human brown adipose tissue thermogenesis
Authors: Suchacki Karla J. , Ramage Lynne E. , Kwok T’ng Choong , Kelman Alexandra , McNeill Ben T. , Rodney Stewart , Keegan Matthew , Gray Calum , MacNaught Gillian , Patel Dilip , Fletcher Alison M. , Simpson Joanna P. , Carter Roderick N. , Semple Robert K. , Homer Natalie Z. M. , Morton Nicholas M. , van Beek Edwin J. R. , Wakelin Sonia J. , Stimson Roland H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractActivation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in humans is a strategy to treat obesity and metabolic disease. Here we show that the serotonin transporter (SERT), encoded by SLC6A4, prevents serotonin-mediated suppression of human BAT function. RNA sequencing of human primary brown and white adipocytes shows that SLC6A4 is highly expressed in human, but not murine, brown adipocytes and BAT. Serotonin decreases uncoupled respiration and reduces uncoupling protein 1 via the 5-HT2B receptor. SERT inhibition by the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) sertraline prevents uptake of extracellular serotonin, thereby potentiating serotonin’s suppressive effect on brown adipocytes. Furthermore, we see that sertraline reduces BAT activation in healthy volunteers, and SSRI-treated patients demonstrate no 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake by BAT at room temperature, unlike matched controls. Inhibition of BAT thermogenesis may contribute to SSRI-induced weight gain and metabolic dysfunction, and reducing peripheral serotonin action may be an approach to treat obesity and metabolic disease.
Metabolische Chirurgie
Authors: Stroh Christine , Luderer Daniel 
Published: August 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie metabolische Chirurgie ist aktuell die effektivste Therapie zur Behandlung der morbiden Adipositas und der assoziierten Begleiterkrankungen. Der Beitrag stellt die Operationsverfahren und deren Stellenwert vor.
Postpneumonectomy Empyema in the Presence of COVID-19 Pneumonia after Non-COVID-19 ARDS
Authors: Leneis Veronika , Nemeth Attila , Schlensak Christian , Steger Volker 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDevelopment of pleural empyema with or without bronchopleural fistula following pneumonectomy presents a major complication with a mortality of 10 to 20%. The surgical goals of bronchopleural fistula treatment are infection control, pus drainage, and lung re-expansion. The main goal is closure of the fistula. This can be achieved with various surgical methods, such as the Clagett or accelerated Weder procedure, omentoplasty, or a transpericardial approach, according to Abruzzini. We present the case of a 58-year-old patient with pleural empyema within the postpneumonectomy cavity in the presence of severe COVID-19 pneumonia after non-COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy. The patient had undergone right-sided pneumonectomy for destroyed lung syndrome after invasive pulmonary aspergillosis
Transarterial Radioembolization for Hepatic Malignancies in North and South America
Authors: Kawakami Willian Yoshinori , de Assis Andre Moreira , Cohen Emil Israel , Frenk Nathan Elie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTransarterial radioembolization (TARE) with yttrium 90 is increasingly utilized for the treatment of hepatic neoplasms, whether primary (particularly hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]) or metastatic (particularly colorectal). Extensive data and practical experience have led to a better understanding of its most appropriate usage and optimal techniques, particularly regarding dosimetry. Different clinical contexts and technical parameters allow its use with either palliative or curative intent. Improved patient outcomes have led to its inclusion in management guidelines of HCC and colorectal cancer. While available in multiple centers in the United States and Canada, its availability in South America is still very limited. The objective of this article is to review available treatment platforms, indications, techniques, recent advances, and clinical results, as well as briefly explore the disparities in availability throughout the United States.
Grower Power for Value Creation in High-Value Horticulture? The Case of Citrus in South Africa
Authors: Chisoro Shingie , Roberts Simon 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper analyses how the reconfiguration of power relationships in high-value fresh fruit value chains impacts on upgrading for export performance. The citrus industry in South Africa stands out internationally for its strong export growth and productive capabilities in which collective action by the Citrus Growers Association has played an important role. South Africa is the second largest citrus exporter in the world, after Spain. The industry’s export success has been built on investments and coordination to support shared capabilities and upgrading. The performance relates to improvements from inputs, through to growing, packing and marketing. We find that the upgrading is associated with the relatively powerful position of citrus growers, due to the way they organised themselves through the industry association and their engagement with the state. This has simultaneously supported value creation and inclusion. Through the case study of South Africa’s citrus industry, we demonstrate the potential for growers to organise themselves to reconfigure power relations in the value chain.
The East-West dialogue: methodical diversity and frailties of feminist accounts
Authors: Zhou Linghui Nancy 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the commonalities and differences of contemporary feminist theories by proffering a comprehensive comparative analysis of the Western feminist agenda and Chinese woman’s concerns in relation to the philosophical discourse on global justice. Interpretation of feminist accounts delineates the persistent gender inequalities presented by Western feminist thinkers, such as Maria Lugones, Elizabeth Spelman, and Sally Haslanger, while highlighting the historical and constitutional approach to understanding the roots of gender distinctions and norms in Chinese culture through the philosophies of Ruism, Daoism, and Buddhism, as well as the Civil Code of marriage. Reflection assesses the extent of translatability concerning feminist matters given the dissimilar social contexts and political circumstances between China and the United States. This paper draws attention to the need for embracing the historical and cultural heterogeneity of grievances of women from all over the world to acknowledge the cross- and multi-cultural conditions regarding the life prospects of both men and women. Such initiatives encourage mutual engagement in promulgating the multiplicity of feminist voices to prompt more productive conversations about the identities and meanings of masculinity and femininity instead of expecting or imposing a universal consolidation of woman’s experiences.
Do managerial communications improve customer satisfaction and eWOM? The moderating effect of response authenticity
Authors: Han Saram , Anderson Christopher K. , Chung Kyunghwa 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAs customer reviews are becoming increasingly valued in the hotel industry, hotel managers are actively responding to customer reviews, and many researchers are investigating the effects of managerial responses. Previous studies, however, have mainly focused on open communication that takes place on social platforms or online travel agency (OTA) websites. Considerations about interaction contexts and specific response styles are also lacking. These limitations raise research questions, such as whether private interactions between managers and customers would be effective, whether the effect would differ between dissatisfied and satisfied customers, and what role the authenticity of managerial responses would play in these interactions. To address these questions, we investigated the effect of private managerial interactions. The effect of a managerial apology on customers’ future satisfaction, the effect of a managerial “thank you” on customers’ future electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM), and the moderating effect of response style (i.e., personalization and length) were examined. We analyzed data from a customer satisfaction survey in which customers leave feedback after their stay and hotel managers respond to each customer personally via email. Our results reveal that a private managerial apology increases customers’ future satisfaction only when it is long or personalized. A private managerial “thank you” positively affects customers’ eWOM in the next period. This research provides empirical evidence for the effect of private managerial interactions, extending the existing discussions on the effect of managerial responses to the private digital communication context. This research contributes to the research areas of managerial response, service recovery, and digital communications.
Effect of acute heat exposure on the determination of critical power and W′ in women and men
Authors: Bourgois Gil , Mucci Patrick , Caen Kevin , Colosio Alessandro L. , Kerckhove Manon , Bourgois Jan G. , Pogliaghi Silvia , Boone Jan 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTThe goal of this study was to investigate to what extent acute heat exposure would affect the parameters of the power‐duration relationship, i.e. CP and W′, using multiple constant workload tests to task failure, in women and men. Twenty four young physically active participants (12 men, 12 women) performed 3‐5 constant load tests to determine CP and W′, both in temperate (TEMP; 18°C) and hot (HOT; 36°C) environmental conditions. A repeated‐measures ANOVA was executed to find differences between TEMP and HOT, and between women and men. In HOT, CP was reduced by 6.5% (227 ± 50 vs. 212 ± 47 W), while W′ increased 12.4% (16.4 ± 4.4 vs. 18.5 ± 5.6 kJ). No significant two‐way sex × temperature interactions were observed, indicating that the environmental conditions did not have a different effect in men compared with women. The intersection of the average curvatures in TEMP and HOT occurred at 137 s and 280 W in women, and 153 s and 397 W in men. Acute heat exposure had an impact on the parameters CP and W′, i.e. CP decreased whereas W′ increased. The increase in W′ might be a consequence of the mathematical modelling for the used test methodology, rather than a physiological accurate value of W′ in HOT. No differences induced by heat exposure were observed between women and men.