bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CLINICAL EFFECTS OF PLATELETS RICH FIBRIN (PRF) FOLLOWING SURGICAL EXTRACTION OF IMPACTED LOWER THIRD MOLARS AMONG A SAMPLE OF YEMENI ADULTS
Authors: Makki Khairia Ibrahim Faisal , Abbas Al-Kasem Mohammed A , Alhadi Yahya Abdullah Ahmed , Al-Shamahy Hassan Abdulwahab 
Published: January 2023

Background and aims: Third molar surgery is one of the most frequent procedures in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Pain, trismus, and swelling are the majority symptoms that have an impact on patients' quality of life. Haemorrhage, alveolitis and infections are general complications. Several endeavors have been through to decrease the possibility of complications and make better patients' quality of life, such as the administration of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or the administration of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF). The aim of this study is to determine the clinical consequences of PRF subsequent to surgical extraction of impacted lower third molars among a sample of Yemeni adults by evaluate the PRF effect on postoperative complications of pain, swelling, and mouth opening and to compare the difference in the healing process between the PRF surgery site and the control site.
Methods: The prospective study consisted of 36 patients who obtainable for subtraction of an impacted bilateral mandibular molar. Subsequent to extraction, plugs were filled up with PRF or without PRF in the study (18 patients) and comparative control (18 patients) groups, respectively. Postoperative edema was calculated using a flexible tape measure by estimating the distance between several facial features on the 2nd to the 7th postoperative days. Postoperative pain was assessed using a line-type visual analog scale (VAS) and a verbal scale (VRS); and trismus by caliper scales. Epi-Info version 7.0 was used for data analysis.
Results: There were statistical significant variations concerning the PRF group and the control group in regard to pain intensity, number of analgesics tablets used and the interincisal distance, as the p value were 0.001, 0.0001 and 0.001 respectively.
Conclusion: The PRF helps in reducing the post-surgical pain, edema and trismus. As well as accelerate healing process after the application to the socket of surgically extracted lower third molar.

Peer Review History:
Received: 11 November 2022; Revised: 14 December; Accepted: 6 January 2023, Available online: 15 January 2023
Academic Editor: Prof. Dr. Gorkem Dulger, Duzce University, Turkey, gorkemdulger@yandex.com
Received file: Reviewer's Comments:
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewers:
Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, sansan4240732@163.com
Dr. Tamer Elhabibi, Suez Canal University, Egypt, tamer_hassan@pharm.suez.edu.eg
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Prediksi Tingkat Produksi Padi di Sulawesi Tengah Menggunakan Analisis Algoritma FBprophet
Authors: Krisdianto A H , Rais  , Fiskia N , Sain H 
Published: January 2023

Padi yang memiliki Bahasa latin Oryza sativa L adalah tanaman penting yang menjadi makanan pokok bagi bangsa Indonesia, Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah merupakan salah satu daerah yang sesuai untuk pengembangan produksi padi dan total produksi padi di Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah pada 2 tahun terakhir mengalami penurunan. Dari pemasalahan yang dibahas sebelumnya memunculkan gagasan untuk meramalkan produksi padi kedepannya sebagai langkah untuk tetap menjaga ketersediaan stok padi. FBprophet merupakan salah satu metode peramalan yang cocok untuk meramalkan produksi padi di Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hasil peramalan produksi padi mengalami penurunan pada tahun 2022 dan 2023 yang akan datang. Adapun nilai MAPE (mean absolute percentage error) sebesar 0.36% yang terdapat pada rentang dibawah 10% hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa tingkat kesalahannya sangat rendah atau tingkat akurasi peramalan dikategorikan sangat baik.
(Synthetic) Data-driven identification of governing equations of aseismicseismic fault slip and frictional heterogeneities
Authors: Biswas Pulak , Ray Sohom 
Published: January 2023

Models of fault slip development generally consider interfacial strength
to be frictional and deformation of the bounding medium to be elastic.
The frictional strength is usually considered as sliding rate- and
state-dependent. Their combination, elastic deformation due to
differential slip and rate-state frictional strength, leads to nonlinear
partial differential equations (PDEs) that govern the spatio-temporal
evolution of slip. Here, we investigate how data on fault slip rate and
stress can directly discover the complex system (of PDEs) that
governs aseismic slip development. We first prepare (synthetic) data
sets by numerically solving the forward problem of slip rate and fault
stress evolution with models, such as a thin laterally deformable layer
over a thick substrate. We now identify the variables, for example, slip
rate or friction state variable, and use nonlinearity
identification algorithms to discover the governing PDE of the chosen
variable.
In particular, we use sparse identification of nonlinear dynamics
algorithm (SINDy, Brunton et al., 2016) where we solve a regression
problem, Ax=y. Here, y is the time derivative of the
variable of interest, for example, slip rate. A is a large
matrix (library) with all possible candidate functions that may appear
in the slip rate evolution PDE. The entries in x, to be solved
for, are coefficients corresponding to each library function in matrix
A. We update A according to the solutions x
so that A’s column space can span the dynamics we seek to find.
To find the suitable column space for A, we encourage
sparse solutions for x, suggesting that only a few
columns in matrix A are dominant, leading to a
parsimonious representation of the governing PDE.
We show that the algorithm successfully recovers the terms of the PDE
governing fault slip and could also find the frictional parameter, for
example, a/b, where a and b, respectively, are the magnitudes that
control direct and evolution effects. Moreover, the algorithm can also
determine whether the associated state variable evolves as aging- or
slip-law types or their combination. Further, with the data set prepared
from distinct initial conditions, we show that the SINDy can also
determine the problem parameter’s spatial distribution
(heterogeneities) from fault slip rate and stress data.
Provinsmatadorer mellem fyrstegunst og borgermisundelse. Otte-koncernen i Ekernførde i Slesvig 1700–1770
Authors: Henningsen Lars N. 
Published: January 2023

The provincial ‘matadors’: Between royal favour and the envy of the burghers. The Otte dynasty in Ekernførde in Schleswig 1700–1770
The Otte dynasty did not possess notable land in the town of Ekernførde in Schleswig in 1700–1770, and its members did not become landlords, and the family members owned only two estates near their residence. Thus, Ekernførde should not be considered a ‘landlord town’ as defined by Finn-Einar Eliassen. However, Christian Otte and his son Friedrich Wilhelm Otte gained a dominant position in the town. Their path to success was facillitated by unique business talent, the social networks they built, and their contacts in the local council and the central administration in Copenhagen. The Otte dynasty managed to establish the largest single-proprietor shipping company in Denmark outside Copenhagen. Therefore, one must conclude that Ekernførde was, for a certain period, a privatised monopoly town. This occurred despite the fact that the Danish state systematically kept a tight grip on urban sites by providing state tenants with power and authority. In addition, these statal measures were underpinned by manifold administrative and judicial regulations. Yet statal bureaucratisation of the towns in Denmark did not prevent ‘matadors’ like the Otte family from growing and obtaining strong economic and social positions. They also benefited from royal favour, which triggered envy and dissatisfaction in other merchant families. One should not assume that the Otte dynasty is a unique example of ‘matadors’ in Denmark, and they were not the only ones who anchored their dominant position without owning the land the town was built on, but rather on various political and economic resources. Consequently, this study of Ekernførde indicates that other small towns in Denmark most likely fostered dynasties and ‘matadors’ temporarily. However, it is clear that Schleswig became less controlled by statal bureaucracy compared to other parts of the Danish Realm. More studies are needed to explore the whole picture of the political economy of Denmark in the 18th century.
Bykongernes fald? Magistraten i Aalborg 1619–1682
Authors: Ørnbjerg Jakob 
Published: January 2023

The fall of the city kings. The magistrate in Aalborg 1619–1682
In 1619, Aalborg’s city fathers could be described as self-pronounced city kings with a firm grip on power who enjoyed various economic and social advantages and privileges that were not shared with the common citizens. After the Emperor’s War (1625–1629), the government’s demands for a greater work effort and more effective administration put the reign of the old city kings under pressure. Many tasks were subsequently handed over to Aalborg citizens or professionals. The increased workloads after the Emperor’s War are reflected in the social composition of the city fathers. From the 1650s, less wealthy merchants and bureaucrats dominated the executive council. This development culminated in 1682, when Christian V fired the magistrate and deployed a new one.
Svenska städer under tidigmodern tid
Authors: Droste Heiko 
Published: January 2023

Swedish towns in early modern times
This paper offers an introduction to Swedish urban history, focusing on the period 1500–1800, encompassing both towns in Sweden and its provinces. It describes urban development since the Middle Ages, in particular urban demography and the economy, as well as the social aspects. It also offers an introduction to previous and current research debates, as well as the most important sources for the history of pre-modern Swedish towns.
This overall picture is necessary in order to respond to the editor’s interest in different urban settings, especially the ways in which towns were governed socially and politically in early modern times. However, the current state of research on Swedish urban history does not provide answers to this question in general terms. Instead, Sweden’s urban history is traditionally perceived in an entirely different setting, where the state exerted a strong influence over Swedish towns due to a specific understanding of the advantages of urban settlements. Although these urban policies were never explicitly spelled out, a distinct urban norm is still in place today.
As a consequence, the early modern state controlled both existing as well as newly founded towns in many ways. The state was particularly interested in their economic functions, their legal system and their capacity to administer their inhabitants and the surrounding countryside. This state policy did not meet the interests of the towns themselves and caused considerable conflict in the 17th century, not least in relation to the towns in the Baltic and German provinces. These former Hansa towns were accustomed to a more autonomous position within their respective hinterlands.
There is reason to assume that this state policy affected urban development negatively, both in Sweden and its provinces, delaying Sweden’s urbanization considerably. Since the early 16th century, Swedish towns have not been perceived as political players within a highly centralized state organization.
PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN MEMBACA PERMULAAN MELALUI STRATEGI BIMBINGAN LANGSUNG DI KELAS I SD ZIA SALSABILA KECAMATAN PERCUT SEI TUAN
Authors: Faisal Faisal , Lova Stelly Martha , Nurhayati Nurhayati 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTThis study aims to improve initial reading skills by using a direct guidance strategy in class I of SD Zia Salsabila Kec. Percut Sei Tuan. This is based on the low reading skills at the beginning of grade I students at Zia Salsabila Elementary School. The subjects of the study were the first grade students of Zia Salsabila Elementary School with 27 students. Data collection techniques carried out by observation, tests, interviews, and field notes. The results showed that the direct guidance strategy can improve the reading skills of the beginning of the first grade students of ZiaSalsabila Elementary School. Keywords: Beginning Reading, Direct Guidance ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan membaca permulaan dengan menggunakan strategi bimbingan langsung di kelas I SD Zia Salsabila Kec. Percut Sei Tuan. Hal ini didasarkan pada rendahnya keterampilan membaca permulaan siswa kelas I SD Zia Salsabila. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas 1 SD Zia Salsabila dengan jumlah siswa 27 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, tes, wawancara, dan pencatatan lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi bimbingan langsung dapat meningkatkan keterampilan membaca permulaan siswa kelas I SD Zia Salsabila. Kata Kunci: Membaca Permulaan, Bimbingan Langsung
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN PENALARAN OPERASI HITUNG BILANGAN CACAH BERBANTU PENYAMPAIAN BAHASA INGGRIS DENGAN MODEL NHT SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Sukesi Atik Nila , Saputro Bagus Ardi , Budiman M. Arief 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTThis research is motivated by a reasoning that must exist to be implemented in a mathematics learning. The purpose of this study is whether the reasoning ability of counting operations in counting numbers helps the delivery of English with the NHT model. This research is a qualitative method research with collection done through observation, interviews, questionnaires and tests. The subjects in this study were 11 grade 2 students. In this study triangulation data validity tests were used. Data collection is by interviewing, questionnaire, and test to get the results that the mathematical reasoning ability of grade II students of elementary school in terms of reasoning aspects with the count operations material counts assisted wiht the delivery of English using the (Numbered Heads Together) model mathematical reasoning ability of students is more developed, students are able to find ideas according to the expected results, students are able to think critically and be able to deduce the final results of the questions and have new experiences pronounce numbers with English. And students reasoning is more developed when using the NHT model than conventional models. Keywords : Reasoning ability, count number counting operations, English language aids, model NHT.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh pentingnya sebuah penalaran yang harus ada untuk diimplementasikan pada sebuah pembelajaran matematika. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan penalaran operasi hitung bilangan cacah berbantu penyampaian Bahasa Inggris dengan model NHT. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian metode kualitatif yang dilakukan dengan pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, angket dan tes. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas II sebanyak 11 siswa. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan uji keabsahan data triangulasi. Pengumpulan data yaitu dengan wawancara, angket dan tes yang mendapatkan hasil bahwa kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa kelas II Sekolah Dasar ditinjau dari aspek penalaran dengan materi operasi hitung bilangan cacah berbantu penyampaian bahasa Inggris menggunakan model NHT (Numbered Heads Together) kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa lebih berkembang, siswa mampu menemukan gagasan sesuai hasil yang diharapkan, siswa mampu berpikir kritis dan mampu menyimpulkan hasil akhir dari soal serta mempunyai pengetahuan baru melavalkan bilangan dengan bahasa Inggris. Dan penalaran siswa lebih berkembang apabila menggunakan model NHT daripada dengan model konvensional. Kata Kunci : Kemampuan penalaran, operasi hitung bilangan cacah, berbantu penyampaian bahasa inggir, model NHT
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SNOWBALL THROWING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR TEMA 7 INDAHNYA KERAGAMAN DI NEGERIKU PADA SISWA KELAS IV SDN 104204 SAMBIREJO TIMUR T.A 2019/2020
Authors: Nasution Canra Wijaya , Siregar Arifin 
Published: January 2023

Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah rendahnya hasil belajar siswa pada tema 7 indahnya keragaman di negeriku subtema 2 indahnya keragaman budaya negeriku di kelas IV SD Negeri 104204 Sambirejo Timur. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada tema 7 indahnya keragaman di negeriku pada subtema 2 indahnya keragaman budaya negeriku pembelajaran 3 melalui model pembelajaran Snowball Throwing di kelas IV SDN 104204 Sambirejo Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain PTK (Penelitian Tindakan Kelas). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kelas IV SD Negeri 104204 Sambirejo Timur. Yang berjumlah 24 siswa yang terdiri dari 11 siswa laki-laki dan 13 siswa perempuan. Instrumen penelitian ini terdiri dari tes hasil belajar siswa berupa soal pilihan ganda sebanyak 20 butir item soal dan observasi aktivitas guru dalam model pembelajaran Snowball Throwing. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama 2 siklus, di mana dalam 1 siklus terdiri dari 2 x pertemuan. Pada saat dilaksanakan pretes diketahui nilai hasil belajar siswa. Di mana pada tahap pretes dari 24 siswa, siswa yang mencapai Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimum (KKM) dengan nilai 65. Baru 5 siswa yang tuntas dengan tingkat persentase 20,8% dan siswa yang belum tuntas 19 siswa dengan persentase 79,2% dengan rata-rata kelas 49,80% dinyatakan sangat rendah. Pada tahap siklus I nilai hasil belajar siswa meningkat setelah menerapkan model pembelajaran Snowball Throwing di mana terdapat siswa yang tuntas 16 siswa dengan tingkat persentase 67% dan siswa yang belum mencapai ketuntasan 8 siswa dengan persentase 33 % dengan nilai rata-rata kelas 64.58% masih tergolong rendah dan belum optimal. Pada siklus II setelah melakukan perbaikan pembelajaran, hasil belajar siswa meningkat dari siklus sebelumnya. Di mana terdapat 22 siswa yang tuntas dengan tingkat persentase 92% dan 2 siswa belum mencapai ketuntasan dengan persentase 8% dengan nilai rata-rata kelas 77.70% dan dinyatakan sangat tinggi. Hasil pengamatan aktivitas guru pada saat pembelajaran pada siklus I pertemuan ke-I dengan jumlah nilai rata-rata (88,23%) dan pertemuan ke-II dengan jumlah nilai rata-rata (91,17%). Kemudian pada siklus II mengalami peningkatan hasil pengamatan aktivitas mengajar guru di mana pada pertemuan ke-I dengan jumlah nilai rata-rata (95,58%), dan pertemuan ke-II dengan jumlah nilai rata-rata (98,52%). Berdasarkan penjelasan di atas maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa hipotesis tindakan yang berbunyi dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran Snowball Throwing dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa tema 7 indahnya keragaman di negeriku di kelas IV SDN 104204 Sambirejo Timur T.A 2019/2020 adalah dapat diterima.
IMPLEMENTASI STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN INQUIRY UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KREATIF MAHASISWA DALAM MATA KULIAH PENELITIAN TINDAKAN KELAS (PTK) T.A.2018/2019 PGSD FIP UNIMED
Authors: Simanjuntak Sorta , Tamba Robenhart 
Published: January 2023

Abstrak . Penelitian ini berjudul: Implementasi Strategi Pembelajaran Inquiri Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan berpikir kreatif mahasiswa dalam mata kuliah PTK T.A 2018/2019 PGSD FIP Unimed Medan..Berdasarkan studi pendahuluan dan studi kepustakaan maka masalah dalam penelitan ini adalah apakah Strategi Pembelajaran Inquiri dapat Meningkatkan Keterampilan berpikir kreatif mahasiswa dalam mata kuliah PTK T.A 2018/2019 PGSD FIP Unimed . Sedangkan tujuannya adalah: (1) untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kreatif mahasiswa melalui pembelajaran inquiry dalam mata kuliah PTK. Jenis penelitian ini adalah tindakan kelas dengan prosedur sesuai desain PTK yang dikemukakan Kemmis dalam kutipan Dewi (2009) sebagai berikut: : penyusunan rencana, tindakan kelas , observasi tindakan ,dan refleksi hasil obsevasi.Penelitiannya dilakukan dengan 2 siklus.Subjeknya adalah mahasiswa PGSD Kelas A Reg semester V TA 2018/2019 yang aktif mengikuti perkuliahan PTK dengan ukuran n : 35 orang. Analisis data yang dilakukan menunjukkan : sebelum tindakan keterampilan berpikir kreatif mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran PTK tergolong sedang dengan nilai: 2,15; setelah siklus I meningkat jadi kategori baik dengan niai, 2,88; dan setelah siklus II semakin baik lagi jadi kategori sangat baik dengan nilai 3,36. Untuk memastikan signifikansi perubahan nilai keterampilan berpikir kreatif mahasiswa tersebut mulai dari sebelum tindakan ke siklus I; dan dari siklus I ke siklus II, dilakukan uji perubahan MC Nemar. Hasilnya membuktikan bahwa perubahan tersebut, adalah signifikan. Hal itu dibuktikan nilai pengujian sebelum tindakan dan setelah siklus I ::4,5:3,38 serta; Kedua hasil uji membuktikan tolak dan terima dengan kepercayaan 95%. .Artinya, perubahan nilai keterampilan berpikir kreatif mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran PTK melalui SPI secara statistic terbukti signifikan. Selanjutnya, hasil pengolahan data observasi pembelajaran mahasiswa menunjukkan , keaktifan mahasiswa pada siklus I sesuai pembelajaran SPI tergolong baik dengan nilai , 2,59. Pada siklus II dengan kategori sangat baik dan nilai 3,34. Berikut data observasi kemampuan dosen mengkondisikan dan melakukan pembelajaran SPI pada siklus I kategosi baik dengan nilai 3,17, dan setelah siklus II makin mantap dengan kategori sangat baik dengan nilai 3,37.. Disimpulkan, bahwa perkuliahan dengan strategi inquiri yang mantap secara signifikan dapat meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kreatif mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran PTK. Jadi semakin tepat pengkondisian pembelajaran dan pelaksanaan SPI, maka semakin tinggi peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kreatif mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran tertentu.
PENGGUNAAN BUKU PRAKTIKUM DIGITAL UNTUK MENGIDENTIFIKASI SCIENCE MULTI REPRESENTATION SKILL MAHASISWA PGSD
Authors: Manurung Imelda Free Unita 
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi science multi representation skill mahasiswa PGSD. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa semester 2 tahun ajaran 2021/2022 PGSD FIP UNIMED. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini ialah Pada setiap representasi mahasiswa sangat baik dalam memahami representasi verbal mahasiswa sebanyak 35,8%, representasi matematis sebanyak 52,8%, representasi piktoral sebanyak 43,9%, dan representasi grafik sebanyak 47,3%. Sehingga dapat diperoleh mahasiswa mengalami pemahaman paling baik dalam representasi matematis.
BAHAN AJAR DALAM BENTUK E-BOOK MATERI SENI RUPA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MINAT DAN HASIL BELAJAR MAHASISWA PGSD UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MEDAN
Authors: Azis Adek Cerah Kurnia , Winara Winara , Muslim Muslim 
Published: January 2023

Salah satu cara meningkatkan minat belajar mahasiswa Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar di Universitas Medan dapat dilakukan dengan mengembangkan Bahan Ajar Mata Kuliah Pendidikan Seni Rupa dan Keterampilan Sekolah Dasar. Pengembangan dapat dilakukan dalam bentuk buku berbasis internet/e-book (google book/play book dan google scholar) ber-ISBN yang terintegrasi dengan SIPDA (Sistem Pembelajaran Daring) Universitas Negeri Medan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan dengan menggunakan 4D-Models, difokuskan pada mahasiswa Prodi PGSD yang mengambil Mata Kuliah Pendidikan Seni di SD. Adapun hasil penelitian ini yaitu dihasilkannya modul bahan ajar Pendidikan Seni di SD dengan nilai validitas modul berada pada pencapaian 91.12% pada kategori sangat valid.