bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Australian rural medical students' perceived readiness for work as a junior doctor: A cross‐sectional national survey
Authors: Graham Patrick , Padley James , Williams Susan , Gonzalez‐Chica David , Isaac Vivian , Walters Lucie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo report self‐perceived readiness for work as a junior doctor in a national cohort of rural clinical school students.DesignCross‐sectional study using a self‐report questionnaire. Independent variables included 14 individual readiness items related to clinical and professional tasks, sociodemographic data and reported experience of rural clinical school (RCS) training. Participants were 668 medical students (55.3% females) completing a full academic year in rural Australia. Multivariable analysis explored factors associated with overall readiness for work as a junior doctor.Findings86% agreed that RCS experience prepared them to undertake the roles and responsibilities of a junior doctor. Self‐ratings for specific clinical and professional tasks varied from a mean score of 5.9–8.0 out of 10, and 13 of the 14 items were associated with the outcome (p‐value <0.001, except for performing spirometry). Lowest readiness scores were seen for some aspects including raising concerns about a colleague (mean score 6.1) or responding to workplace bullying (mean score 6.0). Aspects of the RCS experience that were strongly associated with overall readiness included: feeling a valued team‐member (OR 9.28, 95%CI 2.43–35.39), feeling well‐supported academically (OR 6.64, 95%CI 3.39–13.00), having opportunity for unsupervised but supported clinical practice (OR 4.67, 95%CI 1.45–15.00), having a rural mentor (OR 3.38, 95%CI 1.89–6.06) and having a previous health professional qualification (OR 2.7, 95%CI 1.32–5.54).DiscussionMost RCS students felt ready for work as a junior doctor. Important aspects of RCS experience are likely to include students feeling integrated within the clinical team and having opportunities for authentic clinical roles. There remains a significant challenge for medical school curricula to address professional areas where graduates felt less prepared.
Realms unseen
Authors: Saffitz Jane L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSince 2006, albinism has emerged as both a subject and an object of contestation in Tanzania and beyond. An abiding global narrative purports that, as a recessively inherited condition, albinism is fetishized by Africans who falsely attribute otherworldly potentials to albino body parts and commodify them in a grisly market run by “traditional” healers and their patrons. In response, translocal albinism rights stakeholders have formed to cement a singular notion of albinism and, with “it,” a notion of unseen power that cancels the agency of particular nonhumans. Their work diverges from those who insist on multiple other instantiations of albinism and worlds unseen, some of which offer compelling explanations of recent violence rooted in entanglement and complicity, rather than an Indigenous cosmology. In this context, I argue for a conceptual and methodological approach to social movements and minority groups rooted in decolonizing unseen realms and embracing epistemic and ontological openness.
Do I care for you more when you really need help? An experimental test of the effect of clinical urgency on compassion in health care
Authors: Pavlova Alina , Paine Sarah‐Jane , Cavadino Alana , O'Callaghan Anne , Consedine Nathan S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo experimentally investigate whether more urgent patient presentations elicit greater compassion from health care professionals than less urgent, facilitating future research and thinking to address systemic barriers to compassion in health care.DesignThis is a pre‐registered online study with an experimental, within‐subjects repeated‐measure study design. Two clinical vignettes that systematically varied the urgency of patient presentation were utilized. Both vignettes depicted a patient with difficult behaviours typically associated with lower compassion.MethodsHealth care professionals (doctors, nurses and allied health practitioners) recruited from all 20 District Health Boards across Aotearoa/New Zealand completed two vignettes in a counterbalanced order. Paired‐samplet‐tests were used to test the effect of the presentation urgency on indices of compassion.ResultsA total of 939 participants completed the vignettes (20% doctors, 47%, nurses and 33% allied health professionals). As expected, participants reported greater care and motivation to help the more urgent patient. However, the more urgent patient was also perceived as less difficult, and exploratory analyses showed that perceived patient difficulty was associated with lower caring and motivation to help, particularly in the less urgent patient.ConclusionsThis is the first work to experimentally test the relationship between the urgency of patient presentation and compassion in health care. Although the association between urgency and difficulty is complex, our findings are consonant with evolutionary views in which urgent distress elicits greater compassion. A system‐wide orientation towards efficiency and urgency may exacerbate this ‘bias’ which must be addressed to ensure more equitable compassion in health care.
Organisational climate and change‐orientated behaviour: The mediating effects of employee learning culture and perceptions of performance appraisal
Authors: Gil Alfonso J. , Mataveli Mara , Garcia‐Alcaraz Jorge L. , Ibanez‐Somovilla Laura 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe characteristics of the working environment, particularly organisational climates, serve as fundamental tools for interpreting change‐orientated behaviour. However, examining employees' norms and attitudes would help clarify the guidelines for supporting organisational change. The present study has two objectives: first, to analyse the effect of organisational climate on change‐orientated behaviour, and secondly, to analyse the multiple mediation effect of both employee learning culture and perceptions of performance appraisal between the organisational climate and change‐orientated behaviour. A questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 359 employees in Spain. The research model was tested using partial least squares structural equation modelling. Organisational climate was found to have a positive effect on change‐orientated behaviour. Employee learning culture and perceptions of performance appraisal also partly mediated organisational climate and change behaviour. This work shows the importance of organisational climates in the development of employees' behaviour towards change.
Organizational factors to optimize mental health nurses' wellbeing in the workplace: An integrative literature review
Authors: O'Connor Emily , Prebble Kate , Waterworth Susan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMental health nursing is a privilege and a rewarding profession. There has been a call for transformational change in mental health services to improve outcomes for the people of New Zealand, with mental health nurses integral to this. However, with predicted nursing shortages, high levels of burnout, and increasing demands in the workplace, an organizational focus on wellbeing for mental health nurses is needed to sustain the workforce, implement change and improve outcomes for people using mental health services. An integrative review of the literature was undertaken to explore how organizations can optimize mental health nurses' wellbeing in the workplace and to identify measures for organizations to support mental health nurses' wellbeing with a focus on New Zealand. Seven articles were included in this review after a search, data extraction and evaluation. Data were synthesized and categorized using thematic analysis. The findings indicate organizations can invest in several initiatives to enhance mental health nurses' wellbeing in the workplace. These include professional development, skills to build resilience, enabling time to reflect on practice, enhancing professional supervision, having the right managerial support and focusing on individual's strengths. Organizations need to prioritize mental health nurses' wellbeing by embedding the practical strategies this review identified and by addressing organizational barriers to wellbeing. Organizations should consider implementing multileveled organizational wellbeing initiatives to nurture and grow the New Zealand mental health nursing workforce which in turn will contribute to quality care and enable mental health nurses to have long meaningful careers. Time, investment and resources are essential for these initiatives to be effective.
Natural preservatives for hams: Essential oil mixtures and major compounds' efficacy against Clostridium sporogenes
Authors: Simões Luara , Fernandes Natália , Caputo Ludmila , Ramos Eduardo Mendes , Piccoli Roberta Hilsdorf 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe demand for healthier products by consumers has prompted research into the use of essential oils (EOs), which are known for their antimicrobial properties. This study investigated the antimicrobial properties of EOs as a potential alternative to synthetic preservatives, specifically, cinnamon, clove, and oregano EOs, as well as their majority compounds (cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, and carvacrol) on Clostridium sporogenes inoculated in hams. The findings of the study revealed that cinnamon EO and its major compound cinnamaldehyde were the most efficient in inhibiting the growth of C. sporogenes, demonstrating the lowest minimum bactericidal concentration MBC (0.1%). The combination of oregano EO, cinnamon EO, cinnamaldehyde, and carvacrol led to a significant decrease in bacterial growth (approximately 3 log) after 28 days in hams. Furthermore, the presence of spores was not observed for 14 days (at 14°C) and 21 days (at 7°C) of storage, indicating a delay in sporulation. The treatments using the combination of EOs, and their major compounds had minimal impact on the color of the hams while maintaining the physicochemical characteristics of the product. This study demonstrates that EOs and their major compounds can be applied as natural preservatives in ham, offering a potential alternative for reducing the use of nitrites in various food types. The research emphasizes the antibacterial efficacy of cinnamon, clove, and oregano EOs, along with their major compounds, in inhibiting C. sporogenes in ham. The findings indicate that these natural alternatives could be valuable in preserving food products and reducing the reliance on synthetic preservatives.
Corneal confocal microscopy in small and mixed fiber neuropathy—Comparison with skin biopsy and cold detection in a large prospective cohort
Authors: Bjørnkær Asger , Gaist Laura M. , Holbech Jakob V. , Gaist David , Wirenfeldt Martin , Sindrup Søren H. , Krøigård Thomas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsThe diagnosis of small fiber neuropathy (SFN) is supported by reduced intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD). The noninvasive method corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) has the potential to be a practical alternative. We aimed to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of CCM compared with IENFD and cold detection thresholds (CDT) in SFN and mixed fiber neuropathy (MFN).MethodsCCM was performed in an unselected prospective cohort of patients with a clinical suspicion of polyneuropathy. Predefined criteria were used to classify SFN and MFN. Neuropathy scores, including the Utah early neuropathy scale (UENS), were used to describe severity. Patients with established other diagnoses were used for diagnostic specificity calculations.ResultsData were taken from 680 patients, of which 244 had SFN or MFN. There was no significant difference in sensitivities [95%CI] of CCM (0.44 [0.38–0.51]), IEFND (0.43 [0.36–0.49]), and CDT (0.34 [0.29–0.41]). CCM specificity (0.75 [0.69–0.81]) was lower (p = .044) than for IENFD (0.99 [0.96–1.00]) but not than for CDT (0.81 [0.75–0.86]). The AUCs of the ROC curves of 0.63, 0.63 and 0.74 respectively, was lower for corneal nerve fiber density (p = .0012) and corneal nerve fiber length (p = .0015) compared with IENFD. While UENS correlated significantly with IENFD (p = .0016; R2 = .041) and CDT (p = .0002; R2 = .056), it did not correlate with CCM measures.InterpretationThe diagnostic utility of CCM in SNF and MFN is limited by the low specificity compared with skin biopsy. Further, CCM is less suitable than skin biopsy and CDT as a marker for neuropathy severity.
Your car is your credit: Using research to curb predatory car title lending
Authors: Fox Jean Ann 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article is an edited version of the 2023 Esther Peterson Consumer Policy Forum lecture delivered at the American Council on Consumer Interests annual conference in May 2023. It uses the car title loan product to illustrate the information necessary to improve the credit market for vulnerable consumers. It provides ideas for research that would inform work to reform consumer loans secured by ownership of a vehicle.
Effects of desensitization on odors varying in concentration and pleasantness
Authors: Li Zetian , Mignot Coralie , Sinding Charlotte , Hummel Thomas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundDesensitization in response to repetitive odorous stimulations is a common and well‐investigated process, but it has been a matter of discussion in which way this process relates to odor valence. Our goal was to investigate changes of intensity and pleasantness induced by desensitization in odors in relation to their valence and concentration.Materials and MethodsUsing air‐dilution olfactometry, 30 normosmic participants received two pleasant (phenylethylalcohol [PEA], mixture of pleasant odorants [mix‐P]) and two unpleasant odors (hydrogen sulfide [H2S], mixture of unpleasant odorants [mix‐NP]). At the baseline (before desensitization), four different concentrations of each odor were presented randomly for 0.2 s, with 40 s inter‐stimulus interval. During the desensitization procedure, the odor used was presented continuously for 15 s. Following an odor‐free interval of 4 s the same odor was presented again, in the post‐desensitization phase. Odor intensity and pleasantness were rated after presenting each stimulus in pre and post desensitization phases.ResultsAt baseline, Mix‐P was rated as pleasant and H2S was rated as unpleasant, as expected, while PEA and mix‐NP were rated as slightly pleasant or neutral, respectively. For intensity, desensitization was found for all odors regardless of hedonic tone, with the effect being more pronounced with PEA and mix‐NP at lower concentrations. A decrease of pleasantness/unpleasantness (“affective habituation”) was present for the two lower concentrations of the pleasant mixture, while hedonic ratings of the unpleasant odors remained largely unchanged.ConclusionsThese results suggest that, in this model, desensitization in intensity between pleasant and unpleasant odors was similar and affective habituation only occurred for the most pleasant odor.Practical ApplicationsOur study unraveled the link between odor desensitization and valence considering the concentration effect, where the intensity was decreased for the relatively “neutral” odors and pleasantness was habituated only for the pleasant odor. These results help to explain individual differences in the effects of olfactory loss and provide a promising perspective for personalized treatment for olfactory loss in clinics, for instance, fast adaptation and parosmia.
The ISL LIM‐homeobox 2 transcription factor is negatively regulated by circadian adrenergic signaling to repress the expression of Aanat in pinealocytes of the rat pineal gland
Authors: Mattern Kuno M.‐J. , Blancas‐Velázquez Aurea S. , Ngo Mikaella T. , Bille Signe , Hertz Henrik , Bering Tenna , Rath Martin F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMelatonin is synthesized in the pineal gland during nighttime in response to nocturnal increase in the activity of the enzyme aralkylamine N‐acetyltransferase (AANAT), the transcription of which is modulated by several homeodomain transcription factors. Recent work suggests that the homeodomain transcription factor ISL LIM homeobox 2 (ISL2) is expressed in the pineal gland, but its role is currently unknown. With the purpose of identifying the mechanisms that control pineal expression of Isl2 and the possible function of Isl2 in circadian pineal biology, we report that Isl2 is specifically expressed in the pinealocytes of the rat pineal gland. Its expression exhibits a 24 h rhythm with high transcript and protein levels during the day and a trough in the second half of the night. This rhythm persists in darkness, and lesion studies reveal that it requires intact function of the suprachiasmatic nuclei, suggesting intrinsic circadian regulation. In vivo and in vitro experiments show that pineal Isl2 expression is repressed by adrenergic signaling acting via cyclic AMP; further, Isl2 is negatively regulated by the nocturnal transcription factor cone‐rod homeobox. During development, pineal Isl2 expression is detectable from embryonic day 19, preceding Aanat by several days. In vitro knockdown of Isl2 is accompanied by an increase in Aanat transcript levels suggesting that ISL2 represses its daytime expression. Thus, rhythmic expression of ISL2 in pinealocytes is under the control of the suprachiasmatic nucleus acting via adrenergic signaling in the gland to repress nocturnal expression, while ISL2 itself negatively regulates daytime pineal expression of Aanat and thereby suggestively enhances the circadian rhythm in melatonin synthesis.
Cultural Differences in Interoceptive Accuracy: Comparison Between Japan and Europe1
Authors: Ubukata Sakina , Watanabe Katsumi , Isomura Tomoko 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe self is, at least partially, grounded in bodily processing. In particular, processing the physiological state of the body (i.e., interoception) plays a key role in self‐consciousness and the first‐person experience. The present study examined cultural differences in interoceptive processing. We focused on a behavioral measure of cardiac processing, which was assessed using a heartbeat‐counting task; namely, interoceptive accuracy (IAcc). Study 1 compared IAcc scores that were previously collected in Japan and the United Kingdom and found no statistically significant differences between the cultures. Study 2 was conducted in a more elaborate manner; that is, we collected new data on IAcc from Japanese students using better‐adapted task instructions, as well as possible confounds that influence IAcc (i.e., time estimation, knowledge of heart rate, and actual heart rate). We compared these data with those collected from Belgian students and found that the Japanese participants detected heartbeats more accurately than did the Europeans. The results are discussed from the perspective of cultural differences in objective self‐awareness, and a self‐flexibility and a bodily precision account of IAcc.
Who Takes the Clue? Relationships Between Internal and External Factors in Creative Problem Solving1
Authors: Orita Ryo , Hattori Masasi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study examined the relationship between implicit environmental clues in a creativity task and individual differences in state change and personality traits. In two experiments, participants completed a Remote Associates Test. Some solution words were implicitly primed as clues. In Experiment 1, the clue priming effect turned from negative to positive depending on task progress, which is related to arousal state. Clue priming can hinder people's generating ideas depending on arousal. In Experiment 2, considering participants' personality traits as a moderator, we further examined the relationship between sensitivity to environmental clues and arousal measured by heart rate. The results confirmed Experiment 1's outcomes and revealed that the relationship is moderated by extraversion. For extraverted participants, an implicit clue had a negative effect in a high‐arousal state but a positive effect in a low‐arousal state. The facilitative or obstructive influences of external factors can be determined by the interaction of internal factors (i.e., solvers' traits and states). Thus, extraverts and introverts differ in how they receive and utilize external information.
The cost of love: Solving the gift anomaly
Authors: Khalil Elias L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFriendship‐and‐love affords bonding that satisfies what can be called “transcendental preferences”—in contradistinction of “substantive preferences” afforded by, for example, food, clothes, and shelter. Substantive preferences involve ordinary “substantive cost,” whereas transcendental preferences involve “bonding cost” that includes heartaches, obsession, and emotional turmoil. What about the cost of gifts such as flowers, time, and other carriers of friendship‐and‐love? The greater is the expenditure on gifts, the greater the bonding cost. This paper investigates the following question: How should we model bonding cost, which includes the cost of gift, in relation to substantive cost? Given bonding cost and substantive cost share the same budget, neoclassical economists treat them as commensurable and, hence, transcendental and substantive preferences make up a unidimensional objective function. This treatment, however, originates the “gift anomaly”: If people easily substitute between the two genera of preferences, why do they consider the demand of payments for visiting their grandmothers—or payments for voting and sexual intercourse—as repugnant (taboo)? To solve the gift anomaly, this paper is critical of the standard economist's entry point. This paper proposes bonding and substantive costs as incommensurable and, corollary, transcendental and substantive preferences as incommensurable as well. This paper further shows how, without undermining the incommensurability thesis, the incommensurability is up to a limit: the two genera of costs and, corollary, the two genera of preferences are still linked via the income effect—as opposed to the substitution effect.
Tricuspid regurgitation and infective endocarditis as a cause of lead dislodgement in left bundle branch area pacing
Authors: Ekinci Selim 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundAccording to the current literature, there is no difference between left bundle brunch area pacing (LBBAP) and right ventricular apical pacing in terms of lead dislodgement and capture threshold elevation. However, there are no large‐scale studies reporting the data about long‐term lead stability in patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation.Methods and ResultsWe present a case of lead dislodgement with possible infective endocarditis six months after implantation in a patient with severe tricuspid regurgitation who underwent LBBAP.ConclusionsWe concluded that severe preoperative tricuspid regurgitation may cause lead dislodgement, and infective endocarditis may be a facilitator or main reason of lead dislodgement in cases of LBBAP.
Ivabradine as a treatment option for junctional ectopic tachycardia in an adult female
Authors: Baldi Enrico , Sanzo Antonio , Savastano Simone , Rordorf Roberto 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA Junctional ectopic tachycardia diagnosis was performed using two electrophysiological maneuvers in an adult female with a narrow‐complex supraventricular tachycardia with a bystander AV‐node slow pathway conduction, who previously underwent catheter ablation attempts for an atrio‐ventricular nodal re‐entrant tachycardia misdiagnosis. The first maneuver was atrial entrainment with an atrial‐His‐His‐atrial response. The second was based on the response to a premature atrial complex delivered at different phases of the tachycardia cycle confirming that anterograde slow pathway conduction and retrograde fast pathway were not involved. Considering that verapamil, diltiazem, bisoprolol + flecainide, and nadolol were ineffective, we tried ivabradine with no sustained arrhythmias during 18‐months.