bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the soil water content of two managed ecosystems using cosmic‐ray neutron sensing on China's Loess Plateau
Authors: Liu Chenggong , Jia Xiaoxu , Ren Lidong , Zhu Xuchao , Shao Ming'an 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCosmic‐ray neutron sensing (CRNS) is a promising method for the continuous monitoring of soil water content (θv) at the hectometre scale. However, few studies have validated its applicability within the complex terrains of various ecosystems in semiarid loess regions. In this study, CRNS‐based θv was measured on China's Loess Plateau under two managed ecosystems (Caragana korshinskii K. shrubland [KOS] and Medicago sativa L. grassland [SAG]). The accuracy of CRNS measurement was assessed with the traditional oven‐drying method, while its sensitivity to θv variation during the study period was compared with typical point‐scale monitoring sensors (EC‐5, Decagon Devices, Inc.). CRNS was found to be strongly correlated with the oven‐drying based θv under both ecosystems, with coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.99 and 0.93, and root mean square errors of 0.006 and 0.007 cm3/cm3, for KOS and SAG, respectively. The mean monitoring radius of the CRNS was approximately 204 and 231 m for KOS and SAG, with a mean measurement depth of approximately 39 and 45 cm, respectively. Moreover, the θv determined by the CRNS and EC‐5 sensors exhibited similar trends during the observation period, excluding that for April. However, the CRNS‐based θv had a higher spatial representation for both managed ecosystems compared with that for EC‐5. No significant difference was detected in the response range of θv to precipitation between the CRNS and EC‐5 sensors at a depth of 0–10 cm, whereas the response time of CRNS for KOS was much shorter than that of EC‐5 sensors (p < 0.01). Overall, the CRNS measured hectometre‐scale θv had acceptable accuracy and sensitively traced the precipitation response under different ecosystems with high θv heterogeneity in the semiarid loess regions.Highlights
CRNS accurately estimates hectometre‐scale θv in ecosystems with complex terrains.
The CRNS monitoring radius is ~218 m with ~42 cm measurement depth in the loess region.
The θv in the managed shrubland is higher than that of the managed grassland.
CRNS has a higher sensitivity in response to precipitation than EC‐5 sensors.
Deep residual architectures and ensemble learning for efficient brain tumour classification
Authors: Ali Hanaa S. , Ismail Asmaa I. , El‐Rabaie El‐Sayed M. , Abd El‐Samie Fathi E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe prompt and accurate detection of brain tumours is essential for disease management and life‐saving. This paper introduces an efficient and robust completely automated system for classifying the three prominent types of brain tumour. The aim is to contribute for enhanced classification accuracy with minimum pre‐processing and less inference time. The power of deep networks is thoroughly investigated, with and without transfer learning. Fine‐tuned deep Residual Networks (ResNets) with depth up to 101 are introduced to manage the complex nature of brain images, and to capture their microstructural information. The proposed residual architectures with their in‐depth representations are evaluated and compared to other fine‐tuned networks (AlexNet, GoogLeNet and VGG16). A novel Convolutional Network (ConvNet) built and trained from scratch is also proposed for tumour type classification. Proven models are integrated by combining their decisions using majority voting to obtain the final classification accuracy. Results show that the residual architectures can be optimized efficiently, and a noticeable accuracy can be gained with them. Although ResNet models are deeper than VGG16, they show lower complexity. Results also indicate that building ensemble of models is a successful strategy to enhance the system performance. Each model in the ensemble learns specific patterns with certain filters. This stochastic nature boosts the classification accuracy. The accuracies obtained from ResNet18, ResNet101, and the proposed ConvNet are 98.91%, 97.39% and 95.43%, respectively. The accuracy based on decision fusion for the three networks is 99.57%, which is better than those of all state‐of‐the‐art techniques. The accuracy obtained with ResNet50 is 98.26%, and its fusion with ResNet18 and the designed network yields a 99.35% accuracy, which is also better than those of previous methods, meanwhile achieving minimum detection time requirements. Finally, visual representation of the learned features is provided to understand what the models have learned.
Smart contract‐based resource allocation service mechanism for internet of vehicles
Authors: Mao Ming , Yi Peng , Hou Lilong , Zhang Guanying 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAs an essential part of the intelligent transportation system, vehicular ad hoc network plays a vital role in the application of the Internet of Vehicles and security services. However, as the scale of the network continues to increase, trust‐based access and data sharing between vehicles have also become essential security issues. Given how to allocate vehicle resources safely, efficiently and reliably, this paper proposes a blockchain‐based key data sharing mechanism for the Internet of Vehicles. We first utilize certificateless public key cryptography to alleviate redundancy overhead and key escrow issues. Second, with the help of the security, decentralization, and non‐tampering characteristics of the blockchain, two smart contracts are designed and used to realize vehicle identity management and data access control. The identity chain smart contract solves the security problem of vehicle identity management, and the data chain smart contract ensures reliable transaction verification and efficient resource management. At the same time, an auction method is proposed to facilitate vehicle resource transactions. The experimental results show that our solution can realize secure data sharing of the Internet of Vehicles and ensure the operating efficiency of the system. Regarding system overhead, the proposed scheme has 30.6% and 33% lower private key generation overhead and 3.3% and 20.1% lower resource transaction time than AFSN and BSM under the same conditions. In addition, using our bidding method in data chain smart contracts can have a regulatory effect on market data transactions. In the aspect of resource transaction efficiency, for the change of the number of buyers, the transaction completion rate and transaction time of the proposed scheme are better than those of the contrast scheme. When the number of buyers is 100, the transaction completion rate was 9.2% higher than that of AFSN and 17.3% higher than that of BAM. The transaction time of the scheme is 32.2% and 48.1% lower than that of AFSN and BSM, respectively.
Contextualising the bizarre: The integrated functioning of rib puncture as an antipredator defence in the Iberian ribbed newt (Pleurodeles waltl)
Authors: Zamora‐Camacho Francisco Javier 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Numerous prey traits are the result of the pervasive evolutionary pressure imposed by predators. Mirroring their fundamental role in the fitness of prey, some antipredator defences can evolve into elaborate strategies. Such is the case of the Iberian ribbed newt (Pleurodeles waltl), a semiaquatic urodele that inhabits multiple types of inland waterbodies in central and southern Iberian Peninsula and north‐western Africa. It possesses sharp, protractile ribs, which can thwart predators by emerging through skin ‘warts’ they pierce, becoming impregnated with the toxicants these warts produce, and making the newts difficult to swallow. Plus, the orange colour of these warts contrasts with the predominantly dull dorsum.

In this work, I studied the interactions between the number of these warts, the saliency of wart colour against dorsum colour of each individual (i.e., the difference in colour between the warts and the dorsum), rib response time (i.e., the time needed for the ribs to emerge in response to a standardised stimulus), body size, and locomotor performance in males and females in either their aquatic or terrestrial stage. I also conducted a field experiment to determine whether predators more frequently attacked plasticine models with conspicuous or inconspicuous warts.

I found that wart colour saliency functions as a decoy, attracting predator attacks towards this well‐protected body part. Plus, many of the antipredator defences studied, namely the number of warts, their colour saliency, rib response time, body size, and locomotor performance, were interrelated.

Accordingly, more salient warts indicated a faster rib response, suggesting that these defences are coordinated with each other. Plus, locomotion was considerably slower in the terrestrial than in the aquatic stage. Moreover, warts were more salient, and thus more efficient attracting predator attacks, in newts in the slower terrestrial stage. However, rib response was faster in the aquatic stage, which coincides with the newt's activity peak, and therefore with the height of its conspicuousness to predators. Remarkably, faster newts display less salient warts and a slower rib response, which suggests a trade‐off between both defences. Nonetheless, some of these trends are reversed in females, among which faster individuals also display a faster rib response. This could be a likely consequence of reduced predation pressure.

These results further the understanding of how prey integrate and tune multiple antipredator defences according to factors that influence predation pressure, such as sex and life stage.
Development of an end‐of‐life care management scale for assessing the care of older adults who wish to spend the end‐of‐life period at home
Authors: Kaneda Akiko , Doi‐Kanno Mana , Kanoya Yuka 
Published: December 2022

AimTo develop an end‐of‐life care management scale to assess care for older adults who wish to remain at home, and examine its reliability and validity.MethodsAn item pool was created based on a literature review, and the 46‐item, tentative version of end‐of‐life care management scale was developed. Next, a cross‐sectional survey was conducted with 2583 care managers using a self‐reported questionnaire. An exploratory factor analysis was used to evaluate the scale's internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha. Intra‐rater reliability was evaluated using the correlation with a repeat test. Construct validity and criterion‐related validity were determined using a confirmatory factor analysis, and correlations between this scale and previous scales, respectively.ResultsValid responses were obtained from 477 care managers. Exploratory factor analyses identified 23 items from four factors: “further the teamwork to realize the individual's wishes,” “rapid care planning that anticipates changes in the situation,” “support to family members preparing for end‐of‐life care at home” and “support to become familiar with the older adult's views of life, death and suffering.” Cronbach's alpha was 0.819 for the entire scale and ≥0.709 for each factor. The intraclass correlation coefficient of the test–retest ranged from 0.756 to 0.863. The correlation coefficients between the previous scales and the entire scale ranged from 0.569 to 0.795 (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe scale showed acceptable internal consistency and concurrent validity. Care managers' use of this scale might improve quality of care management and fulfil older adults' wishes to remain at home during the end‐of‐life period. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 131–140.
Major pathological response exhibited distinct prognostic significance for lung adenocarcinoma post different modalities of neoadjuvant therapy
Authors: Xia Lang , Guo Junhong , E Haoran , Zhang Wei , Huang Yan , Zhang Liping , Zhao Deping , Xie Dong , Wu Chunyan , Hou Likun 
Published: December 2022

AimsFor non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy, the major pathological response (MPR) is defined as the percentage of residual viable tumour cells (%RVT) in the tumour bed of no more than 10%. It has been proposed as a predictor of survival in neoadjuvant therapy‐treated cohorts. Nonetheless, the significance of %RVT in the pathological assessment of lung adenocarcinoma cohorts remains undetermined.Methods and resultsOverall, 152 lung adenocarcinoma patients were included in this retrospective study, among whom 67 received neoadjuvant targeted therapy and 85 received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Clinicopathological characteristics, neoadjuvant treatment response and survival status were investigated. The routinely adopted standard for MPR (%RVT ≤ 10%) failed to differentiate prognosis in the lung adenocarcinoma population. For the neoadjuvant chemotherapy cohort, the optimal %RVT cut‐off value of RFS was 60%. However, this cut‐off value was clinically insignificant in the neoadjuvant targeted‐therapy cohort. Hence, for these patients, we built a nomogram model including high‐grade patterns and ypN stage to predict disease recurrence, demonstrating high efficacy (a bootstrap‐corrected C‐index of 0.731).Conclusions%RVT served as a strong indicator of the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy but not neoadjuvant targeted therapy. Residual high‐grade pathological patterns might substitute MPR in prognostic evaluation of lung adenocarcinoma post‐targeted therapy.
Phyllodes tumour evidence gaps mapped from the 5th edition of the WHO classification of tumours of the breast
Authors: Md Nasir Nur Diyana , Koh Valerie C Y , Cree Ian A , Ruiz Blanca I I , Del Águila Javier , Armon Subasri , Fox Stephen B , Lakhani Sunil R , Tan Puay Hoon 
Published: December 2022

AimsBreast phyllodes tumours (PTs) are a rare subset of fibroepithelial neoplasms categorised into benign, borderline, and malignant grades according to the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumours (WCTs). In this report, we developed an evidence gap map (EGM) based on the literature cited in the PT chapter of the 5th edition of the breast WCT in order to identify knowledge and research gaps in PT.MethodsA framework was first established where the dimensions of the EGM were defined as categories of tumour descriptors, tumour types, and evidence levels. Citations were collected into a Microsoft Excel form and imported into EPPI‐reviewer to produce the EGM.ResultsThe EGM showed that the “Histopathology” and “Pathogenesis” sections contained the most citations, the majority being of low‐level evidence. The highest number of citations considered of moderate‐level evidence were found in the “Histopathology” section. There was no high‐level evidence cited in this chapter. The “Localisation”, “Aetiology”, and “Staging” sections had the fewest citations.ConclusionThis EGM provides a visual representation of the cited literature in the PT chapter of the breast WCT, revealing the lack of high‐level evidence citations. There is an uneven distribution of references, probably due to citation practices. Pockets of low‐level evidence are highlighted, possibly related to referencing habits, lack of relevant research, or the belief that the information presented is standard accepted fact, without the need for specific citations. Future work needs to bridge evidence gaps and broaden citations beyond those in the latest WCT.
Microwave‐assisted ultrasonication extraction of phytochemical, antioxidant and techno‐functional characteristics of pigmented and non‐pigmented rice landraces
Authors: Kamatchi A. Rajalechumi , Anjali K. U. , Haripriya Sundaramoorthy , Kumar Arun 
Published: December 2022

SummaryThe increase in unhealthy populations and health consciousness grows hand in hand. This creates a massive demand for functional and nutraceutical food with bioactive components like polyphenols, anthocyanin, proanthocyanidin, and carotenoids to prevent and treat degenerative disease conditions. The native pigmented and non‐pigmented rice landraces, rich in phytonutrients, were subjected to Microwave‐assisted ultrasonication extraction. The TPC, TFC, TAC, DPPH, and ABTS of the selected landraces ranged between 0.95 to 2.91 mg GAE/g, 13.87 to 33.89 mg CE/g, 8.67 to 19.40 mg AAE/g, 69.37 to 94.01%, and 27.76 to 61.32%, respectively. This study showed the pragmatic impact of the combined extraction of phenolics from rice landraces. Techno‐functional parameters were also examined, including colour, particle size, water activity, gelatinization power, SEM, CHNS, and FTIR. The results indicated the effect of combined extraction on the pigmented landraces would benefit as a nutraceutical cereal replacement in novel food processing.
Acylated polyphenolics of family Fabaceae: distribution, chemodiversity, and bioactivity, a comprehensive review
Authors: Khalil Asmaa M. , Sabry Omar M. , El‐Askary Hesham I. , El Zalabani Soheir M. , Fayek Nesrin M. 
Published: December 2022

SummaryPolyphenolics are the most common class of plant‐derived natural products. They play an important role in the protection of both plants and humans. Acylated polyphenolics, i.e., polyphenolics esterified with either phenolic or organic acids, are abundant in several plant families including Fabaceae. This review article is intended to shed light on the distribution, isolation, chemodiversity, and bioactivity of acylated polyphenolics obtained from selected fabaceous plants mentioned herein. Isolation of these metabolites was mostly performed via successive column chromatography, including preparative and semi‐preparative HPLC. Structure elucidation was achieved through interpretation of spectral data. Meanwhile, detection was chiefly accomplished via diverse liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric analyses. Compared to usual polyphenolics, these unique acylated compounds were found of higher stability and bioactivity. The current survey targets to provide a comprehensive overview of the medicinal role of acylated polyphenolics that may encourage the incorporation of fabaceous plants in pharmaceuticals.
Experiences of workplace violence among healthcare workers in home care settings: A qualitative systematic review
Authors: Zhong Xiao Fan , Shorey Shefaly 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimsThe aims of this systematic review were to obtain a comprehensive understanding of healthcare workers’ experiences who were subjected to workplace violence in the home care environment and identify their specific support needs.BackgroundWorkplace violence toward healthcare workers has been a prevalent and ongoing issue. With the expansion of home care services, more emphasis should be placed on maintaining a safe in‐home care environment for healthcare workers. Understanding healthcare workers’ experience of workplace violence is crucial for developing effective interventions.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in 10 databases from their inception date until January 2022. Primary qualitative studies were included. Two reviewers performed screening of studies, methodological quality assessment, and data extraction and analysis independently. The two‐step approach by Sandelowski and Barroso on meta‐summary and meta‐synthesis was used. This qualitative systematic review was reported according to the PRISMA guidelines.ResultsEight studies were included. Three themes were identified: (1) impact of workplace violence, (2) reasons behind tolerating violence, and (3) way forward to prevent violence.ConclusionWorkplace violence is common among healthcare workers in home care settings, yet the support provided to healthcare workers is inadequate. The findings suggest the need for effective interventions and policies to address this grave issue in order to improve the well‐being of healthcare workers as it may indirectly affect the care quality provided to patients.Implications for nursingDue to the unique nature of home care services, interventions preventing workplace violence must be tailored to the specific home care settings and needs of healthcare workers. Future research should develop and evaluate different interventions to prevent workplace violence in home care settings.
Island biogeography of soundscapes: Island area shapes spatial patterns of avian acoustic diversity
Authors: Han Peng , Zhao Yuhao , Kang Yi , Ding Ping , Si Xingfeng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimThe equilibrium theory of island biogeography predicts the positive species–area relationship and the negative species–isolation relationship, resulting in higher species richness on large and close islands. Unlike species richness, soundscape diversity integrates sound from various sources (e.g. biophony, geophony and anthrophony). However, how soundscape diversity varies with island area and isolation still needs to be tested. Here, we explored the island biogeography of bird soundscapes and the determinants of island attributes in shaping bird diversity and soundscape diversity.LocationThousand Island Lake, Zhejiang, China.TaxonBirds.MethodsWe recorded avian soundscapes by audio recorders and censused bird diversity by line transects on 20 land‐bridge islands. We calculated four acoustic indices (acoustic complexity index, bioacoustic index, acoustic evenness index and acoustic entropy index) to assess acoustic richness, evenness and heterogeneity to explore the soundscape diversity of birds. We used multiple linear regressions, spatial autoregressions and piecewise structural equation models to examine the relationships between bird richness and acoustic diversity, and island attributes.ResultsWe found positive diversity–area relationships for avian soundscapes. Larger islands had more vocal species and higher habitat diversity, which led to an increment in the richness and unevenness of avian soundscapes on large islands. Acoustic evenness decreased with increasing isolation (distance to the mainland).Main ConclusionsSoundscapes on large islands are more diverse than those on small islands. Rich acoustic assemblages and heterogeneous habitats promote increased soundscape diversity on islands. Conversely, the lack of vocal contributors, resulting in a decrement in the communication of acoustic signals, can create a lower soundscape diversity on small and remote islands. Our study emphasizes the necessity of examining both species and habitat diversity in island biogeography for better understanding the underlying mechanisms determining biological soundscapes on islands.
Retrograde fast pathway cryoablation inside the coronary sinus for slow‐fast atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia in a patient with persistent left superior vena cava
Authors: Arai Hirofumi , Nakamura Rena , Sagawa Yuichiro , Oda Atsuhito , Murata Kazuya , Okishige Kaoru , Goya Masahiko , Sasano Tetsuo , Aonuma Kazutaka , Yamauchi Yasuteru 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionPersistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is accompanied by enlarged coronary sinus (CS) and deformation of the triangle of Koch. This makes anatomical evaluation of the atrioventricular (AV) nodal pathways difficult.MethodsWe attempted cryoablation of retrograde fast pathway located in the enlarged CS roof of PLSVC for slow‐fast AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) induced by inadvertent antegrade fast pathway elimination during ablation of left atrial tachycardia.ResultsSlow‐fast AVNRT was successfully eliminated without AV block progression.ConclusionsThis is the first case of successful retrograde fast pathway ablation of the CS ostial roof for slow‐fast AVNRT with PLSVC.