bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective conversion of glycerin to glyceric acid under mild and base‐free conditions using layered double hydroxides‐supported Pt nanoparticle catalysts
Authors: Chen Xinyue , Shen Lingqin , Yin Hengbo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDGlyceric acid (GLA) has immense potential as a versatile compound with significant biological activity in the field of life sciences. Its production from glycerin (GLY) through selective aerobic oxidation offers an attractive route for sourcing chemicals from biomass. However, achieving high yields of GLA under mild conditions, specifically base‐free and low‐temperature conditions, presents a notable challenge.RESULTSIn this study, we present the remarkable catalytic performance of Pt nanoparticles (NPs) supported on cerium‐doped layered double hydroxides (LDHs), yielding an impressive GLA selectivity of 60.3% at 60 °C. Our findings indicate that the Ce‐doped catalyst greatly enhancing catalyst alkalinity and catalytic performance, particularly at low temperatures. The cyclic performance of Pt/1%CeMg1Al1‐LDH revealed a gradual decline in catalytic performance after five cycles, indicating the catalyst's inherent resistance to deactivation.CONCLUSIONThe construction of CeO2 and the increase in catalyst alkalinity after Ce doping may be the main reasons for improving the catalytic performance. The mild and base‐free reaction conditions represent a pivotal step toward the future industrialization of glyceric acid, considering their divergence from conventional glycerin conversion conditions. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
An efficient and practical approach for the continuous‐flow synthesis of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural from carbohydrates using an acidic ionic liquid
Authors: Van Nguyen Tan , Nguyen Trinh Hao , Phan Ha Bich , Tran Phuong Hoang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDFlow chemistry is becoming an essential technique in organic synthesis. This trend is expected to continue and broaden in scope and complexity. This miniaturized protocol that includes microreactors enables excellent heat transfer, low solvent wastage, shorter reaction times, higher productivity and higher space–time yields.RESULTSIn this study, we synthesized four ionic liquids and applied them as catalysts for the selective preparation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF) from fructose using the continuous flow system. The effects of reaction time and temperature, catalyst loading, solvent and substrates for carbohydrate conversion to 5‐HMF have been carefully investigated, and 5‐HMF yields were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography.CONCLUSIONAs a result, 1‐(4‐sulfobutyl)pyridinium iron(III) chloride gave 71% yield of 5‐HMF for 30 min. The results of this research demonstrate that this approach is not only straightforward in design but also rapid and convenient in operation, and it has the potential to be carried out on a massive scale. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Physician behaviors associated with increased physician and nurse communication during bedside interdisciplinary rounds
Authors: Huang Kelly X. , Chen Caitlin K. , Pessegueiro Antonio M. , Dowling Erin , Dermenchyan Anna , Natarajan Aishwarya , Krishnan Dhwani , Vangala Sitaram S. , Simon Wendy M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundEffective team communication during interdisciplinary rounds (IDRs) is a hallmark of safe, efficient, patient‐centered care. However, there is limited understanding of optimal IDR structures and procedures.ObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze direct observations of physician and nurse interactions during bedside IDR to identify behaviors associated with increased interprofessional communication.Designs, Settings and ParticipantsTrained observers audited general medicine ward rounds at an academic medical center using a standardized tool to record physician and nurse behavior and communication in 1007 patient encounters in October 2019 to March 2020.ResultsThere were significant differences in physician and nurse interaction time among physicians with different levels of training, with attendings demonstrating higher interaction time than residents (5.4 ± 4.6 vs. 4.3 ± 3.7 min, p = .02) and interns or medical students (3.0 ± 3.2 min, p = .002). Attendings were more likely to initiate a conversation about nurse concerns (76.9%) compared to residents (67.9%) and interns or medical students (59.3%, p = .03). Early nurse participation in bedside visits was associated with increased physician and nurse interaction time (5.0 ± 4.6 vs. 1.9 ± 1.7 min, p < .001) and physician initiative to ask about nurse concerns (74.8% vs. 64.3%, p = .04). In addition, physician initiative to ask the nurse for concerns rather than waiting for the nurse to offer concerns without being prompted was associated with a subsequent conversation about those concerns (74.5% vs. 61.8%, p < .001) and the physician asking about patient or family concerns (94.2% vs. 88.4%, p = .01).ConclusionsImplementing IDR structures and procedures that promote attending physician involvement, physician initiative, and early nurse participation could optimize interdisciplinary communication and quality of care.
Development and initial psychometrics of the Career Problem Checklist
Authors: Lee Janghee , Lee Sang Min 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe present study aimed to develop and validate a checklist questionnaire addressing career problems faced by college students. The research involved four steps: scale development, exploratory factor analysis, scale revision, and confirmatory factor analysis and correlation analyses. The career problem checklist comprised four components with 16 items: Self‐awareness (4 items), Occupational Information (4 items), Career Decision‐making (4 items), and Job‐seeking Skills (4 items). The reliability and the validity of the current scale were supported by the high levels of coherence of the subscales and their correlations with the related measures. The study's limitations and implications are also discussed.
Green magnetic snail shell hydroxyapatite sorbent for reliable solid‐phase extraction of pesticides from water samples
Authors: Sghaier Rafika Ben , Labidi Aymen , Abdallah Marwa Aouled , Latrous Latifa , Megriche Adel 
Published: August 2023

To address sustainability issues, the green synthesis of nanomaterials has recently received considerable attention. This article addresses a novel and cost‐effective adsorbent for the extraction of eight phenyl‐N‐methylcarbamate insecticides from water samples. We first synthesized a magnetite/hydroxyapatite nanocomposite using snail shell powder via an environmental friendly approach. The morphology and physicochemical properties of magnetic hydroxyapatite were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Magnetic extraction parameters were optimized using a Doehlert matrix. Under optimum conditions, the magnetic extraction coupled with a LC–MS method shows good linearity with R2 ≥ 0.9982, suitable intra‐ and interday precision, and limits of detection and quantification in the range of 0.052–0.093 μg/L and 0.11–0.31 μg/L, respectively. Satisfactory relative recoveries of all carbamates were achieved from fortified water samples in the range of 93.89–101.01%.
Open tubular liquid chromatography: Recent advances and future trends
Authors: Medina Deyber Arley Vargas , Cardoso Alessandra Timoteo , Borsatto João Victor Basolli , Lanças Fernando Mauro 
Published: August 2023

Nano‐liquid chromatography (nanoLC) is gaining significant attention as a primary analytical technique across various scientific domains. Unlike conventional high‐performance LC, nanoLC utilizes columns with inner diameters (i.ds.) usually ranging from 10 to 150 μm and operates at mobile phase flow rates between 10 and 1000 nl/min, offering improved chromatographic performance and detectability. Currently, most exploration of nanoLC has focused on particle‐packed columns. Although open tubular LC (OTLC) can provide superior performance, optimized OTLC columns require very narrow i.ds. (< 10 μm) and demand challenging instrumentation. At the moment, these challenges have limited the success of OTLC. Nevertheless, remarkable progress has been made in developing and utilizing OTLC systems featuring narrow columns (< 2 μm). Additionally, significant efforts have been made to explore larger columns (10–75 μm i.d), demonstrating practical applicability in many situations. Due to their perceived advantages, interest in OTLC has resurged in the last two decades. This review provides an updated outlook on the latest developments in OTLC, focusing on instrumental challenges, achievements, and advancements in column technology. Moreover, it outlines selected applications that illustrate the potential of OTLC for performing targeted and untargeted studies.
A simple and low‐energy strategy for the separation of water and acetonitrile
Authors: Liu Mincong , Huang Si , Tan Linli , Pan Jiaxin , Xie Shuting , Zuilhof Han , Chen Bo , Ma Ming 
Published: August 2023

As acetonitrile is a widely used solvent for the chemical industry, the recovery of acetonitrile from acetonitrile wastewater is significant for both industrial cost reduction and environmental protection. In this article, a simple, low‐energy, and low‐cost strategy is proposed for the effective separation of acetonitrile from high‐concentration acetonitrile wastewater. The approach is based on a sequential combination of two steps: salt‐induced phase separation and hydrophobic filtration. The acetonitrile wastewater was first induced to split into two phases by salt, that is, the acetonitrile‐rich phase and the water‐rich phase, then the above two phases were poured into the hydrophobic filter paper funnel for the separation. It was shown that NaCl is a suitable salting‐out reagent, and that hydrophobic filter papers—obtained from modification by butyltrichlorosilane and octyltrichlorosilane were the optimal choice for hydrophobic filtration. The salt‐induced phase separation process is able to increase the volume fraction of acetonitrile in the acetonitrile‐rich phase up to 92%. The acetonitrile‐rich phase can pass through the hydrophobic filter paper, whereas the water‐rich phase was intercepted. The hydrophobic filter paper retained strong hydrophobicity and high acetonitrile‐separating capacity after 3 months storage, or upon immersion in acetonitrile‐water mixtures for 12 h, or applied for 25 consecutive separations.
Analysis of naphthenic acids in produced water samples by capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Pinheiro Kemilly M. P. , Sako Alysson V. F. , Rodrigues Marcella F. , Vaz Boniek G. , Medeiros Junior Iris , Carvalho Rogerio M. , Coltro Wendell K. T. 
Published: August 2023

A capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry method was used to analyze naphthenic acids in produced water samples. It was possible to detect cyclopentanecarboxylic, benzoic, cyclohexanebutyric, 1‐naphthoic, decanoic, 3,5‐dimethyladamantane‐1‐carboxylic, 9‐anthracenecarboxylic, and pentadecanoic acids within ca. 13 min using a buffer composed of 40 mmol/L ammonium hydroxide, 32 mmol/L acetic acid and 20% v/v isopropyl alcohol, pH 8.6. The proposed method showed good repeatability, with relative standard deviation (RSD) values of 6.6% for the sum of the peak areas and less than 2% for the analysis time. In the interday analysis, the RSD values for the sum of the peak areas and migration time were 10.3% and 10%, respectively. The developed method demonstrated linear behavior in the concentration range between 5 and 50 mg/L for benzoic, decanoic, 3,5‐dimethyladamantane‐1‐carboxylic and 9‐anthracenecarboxylic acids, and between 10 and 50 mg/L for cyclopentanecarboxylic, cyclohexanebutyric, 1‐ naphthoic, and pentadecanoic acids. The detection limits values ranged from 0.31 to 1.64 mg/L. Six produced water samples were analyzed and it was possible to identify and quantify cyclopentanecarboxylic, benzoic, cyclohexanebutyric, and decanoic acids. The concentrations varied between 4.8 and 98.9 mg/L, proving effective in the application of complex samples.
Comparison of supercritical fluid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for the stereoselective analysis of chlorfenvinphos and dimethylvinphos in tobacco
Authors: Yang Fei , Cui Haozhe , Wang Chunqiong , Wang Ying , Zhu Wenjing , Deng Huimin , Liu Shanshan , Bian Zhaoyang , Lu Junli , Tang Gangling , Ji Yuan 
Published: August 2023

This study used reversed‐phase liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and supercritical fluid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for determination of the stereoisomers of chlorfenvinphos and dimethylvinphos in tobacco. Tobacco samples were extracted and purified with a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe technique using spherical carbon. The performance of both methodologies was comprehensively compared in terms of methods validation parameters (separation efficiency, linearity, selectivity, recovery, repeatability, sensitivity, matrix effect, etc.). Under optimized conditions, the calibration curves of the stereoisomers of chlorfenvinphos and dimethylvinphos in the range of 10–500 ng/mL showed excellent linearity with R2 ≥  0.997 in both methods. The adequate recoveries of analytes from three different spiked tobaccos were obtained using reversed‐phase liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (86.1–95.7%) as well as supercritical fluid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (86.5–94.0%). The relative standard deviations for spiked samples were all below 7.0%. Compared with supercritical fluid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, lower matrix effects and LODs can be obtained in reversed‐phase liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.
Using pedigree relations to inform capture‐recapture data for the estimation of census population size
Authors: Larroque Jeremy , Kennedy‐Overton Elizabeth , Vandel Jean‐Michel , Ruette Sandrine , Devillard Sébastien 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSeveral methods exist to estimate the census population size such as capture‐recapture (CR) methods, which require the direct or indirect capture and recapture of numerous animals across a large area. These methods are difficult to apply to small and medium‐sized carnivorous mammals because of their elusive nature, and also do not work if the sampling method is lethal at first physical capture, a problem relevant when analyzing data from exploited populations. We present a method that uses dead recoveries from hunting bags and other sources of mortality to estimate population size. Each individual is physically trapped once at the end of its capture history (dead recovery), and is considered recaptured on previous trapping occasions if it is genetically identified as the parent of one or several young. We used this parentage information to build capture histories of aged and sexed individuals, and then applied classic CR models for closed populations. We applied this method to the stone marten (Martes foina), an elusive medium‐sized carnivorous mammal in the Bresse Region of France (911 km2) and for which reliably estimating population size remains challenging but important for efficient management. To estimate the robustness of our approach, we also simulated population pedigrees with known population size and determined its accuracy, precision, and sensitivity to the true population size and sampling intensity. Stone marten population size was estimated at  = 1,748 ± 341 (SD) individuals leading to a population density of  = 1.92 ± 0.37 individuals/km2, which is within the range of the few previous density estimations of the species in rural or urban areas. Our method was not affected by population size, and reached the required levels of accuracy and precision to be effective in wildlife management for a given range of sampling intensity. It therefore demonstrated its widespread use in improving estimates of population size from age‐ and sex‐structured pedigree data coming from multi‐year dead recoveries.
Sociodemographic Disparities in Tracheostomy Timing and Outcomes
Authors: Zheng Melissa , Wandell Grace M. , Maxin Anthony J. , Gomez‐Castillo Luis A. , Giliberto John P. , Bhatt Neel K. 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveTracheostomies are commonly performed in critically ill patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation. Although early tracheostomy has been associated with improved outcomes, the reasons for delayed tracheostomy are complex. We examined the impact of sociodemographic factors on tracheostomy timing and outcomes.MethodsMedical records were retrospectively reviewed of ventilator‐dependent adult patients who underwent tracheostomy from 2021 to 2022. Tracheostomy timing was defined as routine (<21 days) versus late (21 days or more). Sociodemographic variables were compared between cohorts using univariate and multivariate models. Secondary outcomes included hospital length of stay (LOS), decannulation, tracheostomy‐related complications, and inhospital mortality.ResultsOne hundred forty‐two patients underwent tracheostomy after initial intubation: 74.7% routine (n = 106) and 25.4% late (n = 36). In a multivariate model adjusted for age, race, surgical service, tracheostomy technique, and time between consultation and surgery, non‐English speaking patients and women were more likely to receive a late tracheostomy compared with English speaking patients and men, respectively (odds ratio [OR] 3.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03, 9.81, p < 0.05), (OR 3.15, 95% CI 1.18, 8.41, p < 0.05). Late tracheostomy was associated with longer median hospital LOS (62 vs. 52 days, p < 0.05). Tracheostomy timing did not significantly impact mortality, decannulation or tracheostomy‐related complications.ConclusionDespite an association between earlier tracheostomy and shorter LOS, non‐English speaking patients and female patients are more likely to receive a late tracheostomy. Standardized protocols for tracheostomy timing may address bias in the referral and execution of tracheostomy and reduce unnecessary hospital days.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 134:582–587, 2024
Cell‐Based Outer Vocal Fold Replacement Both Treats and Prevents Vocal Fold Scarring in Rabbits
Authors: Santuray Rodell , Schlegel Patrick , Zhang Zhaoyan , Reddy Neha , Alhiyari Yazeed , Long Jennifer L. 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveNumerous pharmacological and cell‐based treatments have shown promise in preventing vocal fold (VF) scarring when applied at the time of injury. A common clinical scenario, however, is the finding of mature scar impeding voicing. Many treatments are less effective in remodeling existing scar tissue. This objective of this study is to determine if a cell‐based outer vocal fold replacement (COVR) effectively restores VF function when applied to existing scar.MethodsEighteen rabbits were allocated to three groups: unilateral COVR implant at the time of cordectomy (acute COVR); unilateral cordectomy followed by COVR implant 2 months later (chronic COVR); and unilateral cordectomy followed by sham implant surgery 2 months later (chronic scar). Larynges were harvested 2 months after implant or sham surgery.ResultsAll larynges in the COVR groups demonstrated human leukocyte antigen labeling on immunohistochemistry (IHC). COVR groups had increased hyaluronic acid content compared with normal. VF stiffness as measured by elastic moduli in acute COVR and chronic COVR were similar to their contralateral unoperated VF.ConclusionCOVR implantation in both acutely injured and chronically scarred VF demonstrate persistence of implanted cells, restored tissue biomechanics, and increased hyaluronic acid content.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 134:764–772, 2024
Isolated Fracture of the Malleus: An Overlooked Cause of Conductive Hearing Loss?
Authors: Lovin Benjamin D. , Page Joshua Cody , Appelbaum Eric N. , Gorelik Daniel , Lin Kenny F. , Vrabec Jeffrey T. 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveTo report the largest case series of isolated malleus fractures with systematic review to characterize the disease's presentation and natural history, and provide suggestions for management.Data SourcesPubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library.Review MethodsRetrospective cohort study was performed on 12 patients with isolated malleus fractures. History, physical exam, pre‐ and post‐treatment audiograms, and imaging were obtained. Systematic review of the literature was performed.ResultsIncluding the cases herein, 58 isolated malleus fractures were identified, the majority of which were published in the 21st century. Mean time to presentation after injury was 34.4 months. Most common etiology was external auditory canal (EAC) manipulation. Physical exam and imaging did not identify any abnormality at presentation in 16% and 21% of cases, respectively. The majority of fractures involved the manubrium. Air‐bone gap (ABG) at initial presentation ranged from 16 to 26 dB, and was greater at higher frequencies. Thirty‐six cases underwent surgery. ABG improvement was greater at all frequencies for those who underwent surgery. Final ABG was significantly less than initial ABG at nearly every frequency for those who underwent surgery (p < 0.05), while not at any frequency for those who were observed.ConclusionsIsolated malleus fractures may occur more often than historical data suggests, and are perhaps underdiagnosed. Abrupt removal of a finger from the EAC with pain and hearing loss is nearly pathognomonic. Conductive hearing loss with ABG greater at higher frequencies is most often observed. Observation is unlikely to produce spontaneous improvements in hearing, while surgery demonstrates reliable decreases in ABG. Laryngoscope, 134:1032–1041, 2024
Management of Periodic Fever, Aphthous Stomatitis, Pharyngitis, Adenitis with Intracapsular Tonsillectomy
Authors: Ezeh Uche C. , Kahn Philip J. , April Max M. 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveThis study aimed to present 2 children clinically diagnosed with periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome and treated with intracapsular tonsillectomy with adenoidectomy (ITA).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of 2 children who were referred for an otolaryngology consultation between 2019 and 2022 for surgical treatment of PFAPA syndrome. Both patients had symptoms strongly suggestive of PFAPA and were at risk for total tonsillectomy (TT) complications. ITA was performed using a microdebrider. Both patients were followed up postoperatively to assess for symptomatic resolution and complications.ResultsTwo children exhibited recurrent febrile episodes prior to ITA. The procedure was efficacious in both patients, with neither experiencing postoperative complications or recurring PFAPA symptoms for over 1 year after surgery.ConclusionOur study reported on the use of ITA as a surgical treatment option for PFAPA. We showed that ITA eliminated febrile attacks and was safely performed without postoperative complications in 2 pediatric patients after 1‐year follow‐up. Future studies involving larger cohorts of PFAPA patients and lengthier follow‐ups will need to be conducted to further evaluate ITA as a surgical option. Laryngoscope, 134:1967–1969, 2024