bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of sodium para-aminosalicylic acid on chelation treatment in Pb-exposed mice
Authors: Li Yan , Liang Yuan , Fang Yuan-yuan , Chen Jing , Zheng Xiao-wei , Zhou Wu-wang , Lu Li-li , Aschner Michael , Ou Shi-yan , Jiang Yue-ming 
Published: July 2023

Lead (Pb) is a corrosion-resistant, heavy, non-ferrous metal. Several metal chelators have been used for the treatment of Pb poisoning. However, the efficacy of sodium para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS-Na) in enhancing Pb excretion has yet to be fully characterized. Healthy male mice (90) were divided into six groups, the normal control group was intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with saline and the remaining group of mice i.p. 120 mg/kg Pb acetate. Four hour later, mice were subcutaneously (back) injected (s.c.) with (80, 160, 240 mg/kg) PAS-Na or 240 mg/kg edetate calcium disodium (CaNa2EDTA) or an equivalent amount of saline, once per day for 6 days. After 24-h urine sample collections, the animals were anesthetized with 5% chloral hydrate and sacrificed in batches on the 2nd, 4th, or 6th day. Levels of Pb [including manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu)] in the urine, whole blood, and brain tissues were analyzed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The results showed that Pb exposure increased its levels in urine and blood, and PAS-Na treatment may afford antagonistic effect on Pb poisoning, suggesting that PAS-Na is a potentially effective treatment to promote excretion of Pb.
Rurality Impacts Mammography Screening Adherence Among Mid-life Women in the Kansas Region
Authors: Brewer Benjamin , Pepper Sam , Ratnayake Isuru Panduka , Mudaranthakam Dinesh Pal 
Published: July 2023

Objective The gold standard for breast cancer screening and prevention is regular mammography; thus, understanding what impacts adherence to this standard is essential in limiting cancer-associated costs. We assessed the impact of various understudied sociodemographic factors of interest on adherence to the receipt of regular mammograms. Methods A total [Formula: see text] = 14,553 mammography-related claims from [Formula: see text] = 6,336 female Kansas aged between 45 and 54 were utilized from insurance claim databases furnished by multiple providers. Adherence to regular mammography was quantified continuously via a compliance ratio, used to capture the number of eligible years in which at least one mammogram was received, as well as categorically. The relationship between race, ethnicity, rurality, insurance (public/private), screening facility type, and distance to nearest screening facility with both continuous and categorically defined compliance were individually assessed via Kruskal–Wallis one-way ANOVAs, chi-squared tests, multiple linear regression models, and multiple logistic regression, as appropriate. Findings from these individual models were used to inform the construction of a basic, multifaceted prediction model. Results Model results demonstrated that all factors race and ethnicity had at least some bearing on compliance with screening guidelines among mid-life female Kansans. The strongest signal was observed in the rurality variable, which demonstrated a significant relationship with compliance regardless of how it was defined. Conclusion Understudied factors that are associated with regular mammography adherence, such as rurality and distance to nearest facility, may serve as important considerations when developing intervention strategies for ensuring that female patients stick to prescribed screening regimens.
Sports participation, body appreciation and life satisfaction in Norwegian adolescents: A moderated mediation analysis
Authors: Riddervold Sofie , Haug Ellen , Kristensen Sara Madeleine 
Published: July 2023

Aims: Life satisfaction is an important aspect of quality of life and plays an essential role in optimal developmental adaption in adolescence. This study investigated whether being active in organised leisure sports is associated with a higher level of life satisfaction among adolescents, both directly and indirectly, through increased body appreciation. Whether gender moderates the mentioned associations will also be examined. Methods: The study was cross-sectional and based on a sample of 541 participants (44% females) between 16 and 19 years of age ( Mage=16.89 years, SD=0.46). A moderated mediation model was examined using SPSS v27 and the PROCESS macro. Results: Boys had higher life satisfaction and body appreciation levels than girls did. There was no direct effect of organised leisure sports participation on life satisfaction. However, there was a positive association between organised leisure sports participation and life satisfaction through increased body appreciation. No gender differences were observed for the direct association between sports participation and life satisfaction or the indirect associations between sports participation and life satisfaction through body appreciation. Conclusions: Our findings support that body appreciation is a mediator for the association between organised leisure sports participation and life satisfaction for both boys and girls. Longitudinal studies should be conducted to further examine if causal relationships exist.
Pharmacological Activities and In-Silico Studies of Bioactive Compounds Identified in Organic Fractions of the Methanolic Extract ofCitrullus Colocynthis
Authors: Sindhu Haseeb Akram , Afzal Muhammad , Shahid Izzah 
Published: July 2023

Medicinal plants have been extensively exploited for their immense pharmacological and immune-supporting potential. Fruit of Citrullus colocynthis has several active secondary metabolites such as phenolics, flavonoids, and essential oils that are used in traditional medicines as antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial agents. In this study, phytoconstituents in organic fractions ( n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate) of the methanolic extract of C. colocynthis were analyzed and identified by FT-IR, HPLC, and GC-MS analysis. Ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest antioxidant scavenging (76 ± .769%) and anti-inflammatory (40 ± .473%) activities at the concentration of 3 mg/mL. Similarly, antidiabetic effect was measured by inhibition of α-amylase where, ethyl acetate fraction (77 ± .844%) exhibited the highest antidiabetic activity. Among all organic fractions, ethyl acetate exhibited strong antimicrobial potential followed by n-hexane and chloroform fractions against selected pathogenic bacteria. Various concentrations of the ethyl acetate extract were tested in-vivo for cytotoxicity and results indicated minor morphological changes in liver cells including ballooning, fatty droplets, and slight accumulation of extracellular matrix even at concentrations of 400 mg/kg. In-silico study showed that stigmasta-7,16-dien-3-ol had a strong interaction with COX-1 and COX-2 to reduce inflammation. The abovementioned results indicate the pharmacological strengths of C. colocynthis to fight several diseases.
“It just makes you more vulnerable as an employee”: Understanding the effects of disability stigma on employment in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Carolan Kelsi 
Published: July 2023

Objective Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in the United States, affecting approximately 1 million Americans. However, there is a dearth of research on the employment experiences of individuals with PD. This research article makes a crucial contribution to the literature by examining the role of disability stigma in shaping employment options in PD, with relevance to the experiences of adults with chronic and/or progressive diseases more broadly. Methods The author conducted individual semi-structured interviews with 23 adults under the age of 65 with PD. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. The author utilized an integrated approach to analysis, primarily employing a thematic analysis approach. Additionally, a narrative analysis strategy, the Listening Guide, was integrated into the broader thematic analysis to deepen analysis of discrimination and stigma. Results Findings demonstrate how internalized, anticipated and/or experienced disability-related stigma profoundly affects employment experiences, influencing participants’ work outcome expectations and acting as an employment barrier. Discussion Findings have implications for health care practice and education, disability policy, early intervention strategies after the onset of PD and priorities for future research.
Active tuberculosis in inflammatory bowel disease patients: a case–control study
Authors: Freitas Cardoso de Azevedo Matheus , Barros Luísa Leite , Fernandes Justus Filipe , Oba Jane , Soares Garcia Karoline , de Almeida Martins Camilla , de Sousa Carlos Alexandre , Arruda Leite André Zonetti , Miranda Sipahi Aytan , Queiroz Natália Sousa Freitas , Omar Mourão Cintra Damião Adérson 
Published: July 2023

Background/Aims: Anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) drugs have been the mainstay therapy for moderate to severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) over the past 25 years. Nevertheless, these drugs are associated with serious opportunistic infections like tuberculosis (TB). Brazil is ranked among the 30 countries with the highest incidence of TB in the world. This study aimed at identifying risk factors for the development of active TB and describing clinical characteristics and outcomes in IBD patients followed at a tertiary referral center in Brazil. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, case–control study between January 2010 and December 2021. Active TB cases in IBD patients were randomly matched 1:3 to controls (IBD patients with no previous history of active TB) according to gender, age, and type of IBD. Design: This was a retrospective, case–control study. Results: A total of 38 (2.2%) cases of TB were identified from 1760 patients under regular follow-up at our outpatient clinics. Of the 152 patients included in the analysis (cases and controls), 96 (63.2%) were male, and 124 (81.6%) had Crohn’s disease. Median age at TB diagnosis was 39.5 [interquartile range (IQR) 30.8–56.3]. Half of the active TB cases were disseminated (50%). Overall, 36 patients with TB (94.7%) were being treated with immunosuppressive medications. Of those, 31 (86.1%) were under anti-TNF drugs. Diagnosis of TB occurred at a median of 32 months after the first dose of anti-TNF (IQR 7–84). In multivariate analysis, IBD diagnosis older than 17 years and anti-TNF therapy were significantly associated with the development of TB ( p < 0.05). After the TB treatment, 20 (52.7%) patients received anti-TNF therapy, and only one developed ‘de novo’ TB 10 years after the first infection. Conclusions: TB remains a significant health problem in IBD patients from endemic regions, especially those treated with anti-TNFs. In addition, age at IBD diagnosis (>17 years old) was also a risk factor for active TB. Most cases occur after long-term therapy, suggesting a new infection. The reintroduction of anti-TNFs agents after the anti-TB treatment seems safe. These data highlight the importance of TB screening and monitoring in IBD patients living in endemic areas.
Spontaneous improvement of olisthetic scoliosis in children following lumbosacral fusion for high-grade spondylolisthesis: A report of four new cases and systematic review of the literature
Authors: Mehlman Charles T , Crawford Alvin H 
Published: July 2023

Background: The study aim was to present four new well-documented cases of spontaneous improvement of olisthetic scoliosis and to analyze well-documented cases from the literature. Methods: Surgical log search and systematic review were conducted. Inclusion criteria were (1) age less than 18 years, (2) symptomatic high-grade (≥50%) spondylolisthesis, (3) scoliosis ≥20o, (4) primary surgical treatment via lumbosacral fusion, (5) complete x-rays, and (6) minimum 1-year radiographic follow-up or until curve resolution. Results: A total of 13 patients with average age of 13.9 years were included in the study, 4 from the authors’ surgical logs and 9 from the literature. Slip percentage of L5-S1 ranged from 51% to 95%. Olisthetic curve magnitude averaged 34.6° (range: 20°–45°) with majority (8/13) demonstrating long thoracic curves with lateral trunk shift. All but one of these were apex right with rightward trunk shift. The remainder of the curves were isolated lumbar curves, with an apex left morphology without trunk shift. Eleven of the 13 patients showed curve improvement following isolated lumbosacral fusion. Three patients experienced a decrease in curve magnitude of 12°–28° and eight patients enjoyed complete resolution (≤10°) of their scoliosis. Conclusion: The current study summarizes 13 well-documented cases of olisthetic scoliosis (4 new cases and 9 from the literature) that associated with symptomatic high-grade spondylolisthesis. All were treated via a primary posterior lumbosacral fusion strategy. Eleven of the 13 curves showed spontaneous improvement (8 complete resolution of scoliosis) following their lumbosacral surgery. Level of evidence: Therapeutic level IV.
The Relationship Between Cultural Intelligence and Cultural Competence of Students of Nursing and Midwifery During COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bakhtiari Zeynab , Hanifi Nasrin , Varjoshani Nasrin Jafari 
Published: July 2023

Objectives This study aimed to determine the relationship between cultural intelligence and cultural competence (CC) of the school of nursing and midwifery students from the Zanjan University of Medical Sciences in 2020-2021. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 245 from 600 nursing and midwifery students of the Zanjan University of Medical Sciences from November 24, 2020, to March 18, 2021. Data were collected using three questionnaires of demographic information, Cultural Intelligence Scale, and The Nurse Cultural Competence Scale. Data analysis was done through Pearson's test and the logistic regression model using SPSS Version 22. Results The response rate was 40.83%. The results showed that the total score of cultural intelligence had a strong positive relationship with CC ( r = 0.88). Also, the logistic regression model showed that the cultural intelligence variable could predict nursing and midwifery students’ CC (B = 0.1, P = .013). Conclusion It is recommended to pay more attention to increasing the cultural intelligence and CC of nursing and midwifery students.
An Analysis of Craniofacial Surgery Fellowship Websites and Social Media Presence
Authors: Ho Isabel , Wang Howard D. 
Published: July 2023

Background: Applying to craniofacial surgery fellowship is a competitive process, and applicants may find it challenging to determine which programs are the best fit. We sought to evaluate the quality of information available on craniofacial surgery fellowship websites (CFWs), identify areas for improvement, and evaluate social media presence. Methods: Individual CFWs were identified from the ASCFS directory and Google search. Demographic information was collected from the ASCFS directory, and CFWs were evaluated for qualitative information. Social media presence was assessed by querying Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter for official and active accounts. Results: Thirty-one programs were identified. While most ASCFS listings included addresses (93.6%) and program coordinator contact (87.1%), only half included program director contact. The majority of CFWs included a procedure list (71.0%), research opportunities (58.1%), current fellows (56.7%), and didactic schedules (71.0%). Few CFWs included case logs (16.1%), call schedule (22.6%), salary/benefits (25.8%), and alumni information (38.7%). Regarding social media presence, only 3 craniofacial fellowship programs were on Facebook (9.7%), 2 on Instagram (6.5%), and none on Twitter. In comparison, affiliated plastic surgery residencies were more active on Instagram (64.5%), Facebook (38.7%), and Twitter (25.8%). Conclusion: There are several potential areas for improvement of CFWs, including maintaining an updated ASCFS directory of CFWs. Programs may consider adding information about case logs, call schedule, and alumni career path. Creating comprehensive websites and increasing social media presence would provide a valuable source of information to potential applicants and serve as an effective tool for recruitment.
Exploring the bidirectional relationship between pain and mental disorders: a comprehensive Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Yao Chongjie , Zhang Yuchen , Lu Ping , Xiao Bin , Sun Pingping , Tao Jiming , Cheng Yanbin , Kong Lingjun , Xu Dongsheng , Fang Min 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The close relationship between pain and mental health problems is well-known, and psychological intervention can provide an effective alternative to medication-based pain relief. However, previous studies on the connection between pain and psychological problems, the findings thus far have been inconclusive, limiting the potential for translating psychological interventions into clinical practice. To complement the gap, this study utilized genetic data and Mendelian randomization (MR) to examine the potential relationship between pain in different parts and common mental disorders.

Methods
Based on the instrumental variables selected from the Genome-wide association study summary statistics of localized pain and mental disorders, we conducted bidirectional two-sample MR analyses to infer bidirectional causal associations between pain and mental disorders. The inverse-variance weighted MR method and MR-Egger were used as the primary statistical method according to the horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity level. We reported the odds ratio to infer the causal effect between pain and mental disorders. F statistic was calculated to measure the statistical efficacy of the analyses.

Results
Insomnia is causally related to the genetic susceptibility of multisite pain including head (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.06–1.12), neck/shoulder (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.07–1.16), back (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.07–1.18) and hip (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.05–1.10). Reversely, headache (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.05–1.24), neck/shoulder pain (OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.03–3.68), back pain (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.22–1.60), and hip pain (OR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.18–4.45) promote the genetic liability of insomnia. Depression is strongly associated with the predisposition of multisite pain including headache (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.08–1.52), neck/shoulder pain (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.16–1.50), back pain (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.10–1.66) and stomach/abdominal pain (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.05–1.25), while headache (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.03–1.08), neck/shoulder (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.01–1.17), back (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.03–1.14), and stomach/abdominal pain (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.11–1.26) are predisposing factors for depression. Additionally, insomnia is associated with the predisposition of facial, stomach/abdominal, and knee pain, anxiety was associated with the predisposition of neck/shoulder and back pain, while the susceptibilities of hip and facial pain are influenced by depression, but these associations were unidirectional.

Conclusions
Our results enhance the understanding of the complex interplay between pain and mental health and highlight the importance of a holistic approach to pain management that addresses both physical and psychological factors.
E-GWAS: an ensemble-like GWAS strategy that provides effective control over false positive rates without decreasing true positives
Authors: Zhou Guang-Liang , Xu Fang-Jun , Qiao Jia-Kun , Che Zhao-Xuan , Xiang Tao , Liu Xiao-Lei , Li Xin-Yun , Zhao Shu-Hong , Zhu Meng-Jin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are an effective way to explore genotype–phenotype associations in humans, animals, and plants. Various GWAS methods have been developed based on different genetic or statistical assumptions. However, no single method is optimal for all traits and, for many traits, the putative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are detected by the different methods do not entirely overlap due to the diversity of the genetic architecture of complex traits. Therefore, multi-tool-based GWAS strategies that combine different methods have been increasingly employed. To take this one step further, we propose an ensemble-like GWAS strategy (E-GWAS) that statistically integrates GWAS results from different single GWAS methods.

Results
E-GWAS was compared with various single GWAS methods using simulated phenotype traits with different genetic architectures. E-GWAS performed stably across traits with different genetic architectures and effectively controlled the number of false positive genetic variants detected without decreasing the number of true positive variants. In addition, its performance could be further improved by using a bin-merged strategy and the addition of more distinct single GWAS methods. Our results show that the numbers of true and false positive SNPs detected by the E-GWAS strategy slightly increased and decreased, respectively, with increasing bin size and when the number and the diversity of individual GWAS methods that were integrated in E-GWAS increased, the latter being more effective than the bin-merged strategy. The E-GWAS strategy was also applied to a real dataset to study backfat thickness in a pig population, and 10 candidate genes related to this trait and expressed in adipose-associated tissues were identified.

Conclusions
Using both simulated and real datasets, we show that E-GWAS is a reliable and robust strategy that effectively integrates the GWAS results of different methods and reduces the number of false positive SNPs without decreasing that of true positive SNPs.
Intermediate complex morphophysiological dormancy in seeds of Aconitum barbatum (Ranunculaceae)
Authors: Zhang Lei , Xu Chaohan , Liu Huina , Wu Qingqing , Tao Jun , Zhang Keliang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Seed dormancy and germination are key components of plant regeneration strategies. Aconitum barbatum is a plant commonly found in northeast China. Although it has potential for use in gardening and landscaping, its seed dormancy and regeneration strategy, which adapt to its natural habitat, are not well understood. Our aim was to identify conditions for breaking A. barbatum seed dormancy and determine its dormancy type. Embryo growth and germination were determined by collecting seeds over time in the field. Laboratory experiments that control light, temperature, and stratification period were conducted to assess dormancy breaking and germination, and GA3 was used to identify dormancy type.

Results
Seeds of A. barbatum have undeveloped embryos with physiological dormancy at maturity in autumn. The embryo-to-seed length ratio increases from 0.33 to 0.78 before the emergence of the radical. Under natural environmental conditions, embryo development begins in early winter. Laboratory experiments have shown that long-term incubation under 4 °C (cold stratification) promotes embryo development and seed dormancy break. With an extension of cold stratification, an increase in germination percentages was observed when seeds were transferred from 4 °C to warmer temperatures. Seeds exposed to light during incubation show a higher germination percentage than those kept in the dark. Seed germination can also be enhanced by a 100 mg/L GA3 concentration.

Conclusions
Seeds of A. barbatum display intermediate complex morphophysiological dormancy at maturity. In addition to the underdeveloped embryo, there are also physiological barriers that prevent the embryo from germinating. Dormancy breaking of A. barbatum seeds can be achieved by natural winter cold stratification, allowing seeds to germinate and sprout seedlings at the beginning of the following growing season. Our findings provide valuable insights into the seed dormancy and regeneration strategy of A. barbatum, which could facilitate its effective utilization in gardening and landscaping.