bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chiral Hypoiodite Salt Catalysts for Enantioselective Oxidative Transformations
Authors: Odagi Minami , Nagasawa Kazuo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIodine and its hypervalent derivatives have emerged as versatile and environmentally friendly oxidative reagents in organic synthesis, offering efficient ways to form new bonds. However, the use of hypervalent iodine reagents is challenging, as they are unstable, potentially explosive, and costly. Therefore, hypoiodite species derived from onium iodites using safe and inexpensive oxidants are considered more promising for facilitating oxidative transformations. Nevertheless, applications of such catalytic systems are still limited in scope, especially for asymmetric reactions. In this concept paper, we described recent progress in chiral hypoiodite‐catalyzed enantioselective oxidative bond‐forming reactions, focusing on carbon–oxygen, carbon–nitrogen, and carbon–carbon bond formation reactions using ammonium and guanidinium salts as onium iodites.
Understanding the Potential of Hydrogen as a Game‐Changing Energy Source
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Saqib , Abdul Rahim Zulhasni 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRenewable energy and carbon neutrality by 2030 are gaining momentum with the current global economic and political endeavors. Green hydrogen has the potential to give power networks the much‐needed flexibility and acts as a buffer for intermittent renewable power output, both of which might be beneficial for the future of renewable energy grids. If hydrogen proves effective, it might drastically reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. In this context, knowing the potential advantages of hydrogen is crucial. Between 2016 and 2019, technological progress occupied just 42.86 % of the total time. Innovation in this field is considered disruptive because of its high uniqueness rate (81 %). This article analyzes the most up‐to‐date information on the hydrogen economy (including its key benefits and drawbacks) and the potential implications of hydrogen for several businesses.
An Insight into Synthesis of the Antifreeze Alkaline Hydrogel Electrolyte: Fine‐Tuning Chemistries for Efficient Ion Transport
Authors: Khor Chun Keat , Blackstone Chance Coady , Ignaszak Anna 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHerein, the chemical compatibility of the hydrogel electrolyte in highly alkaline pH was evaluated. Through simple experiments, we demonstrated that the frequently used polymer compound, acrylamide, is not stable at a high pH. The addition of glycerol as a cryoprotectant in highly alkaline hydrogels was also problematic due to the possible base‐initiated decomposition of glycerol to polyglycerols. Hence, a quick and simple one‐pot synthesis of highly alkaline potassium poly(acrylate) hydrogel with 1 vol % glycerol was proposed. The ionic conductivities of the hydrogel are 46.48 mS/cm and 8.67 mS/cm at 22 and −23 °C, respectively. One important benefit from the addition of the cryoprotectant is that the hydrogel sustained its mechanical features at temperatures as low as −80 °C. We also reported here for the first time the diffusion coefficients (D at ∼10−8 cm2/s), ionic mobilities (μ at ∼10−7 cm2/Vs), and ion density (n at ∼10−7 cm−3) of the hydrogel electrolyte used in flexible alkaline batteries.
Heterocyclic [9]Helicenes Exhibiting Bright Circularly Polarized Luminescence
Authors: Warthegau Stefan S. , Hillers‐Bendtsen Andreas E. , Pedersen Stephan K. , Rindom Cecilie , Bræstrup Christoffer , Jensen Jeppe S. , Hammerich Ole , Thomsen Maria S. , Kamounah Fadhil S. , Norman Patrick , Mikkelsen Kurt V. , Brock‐Nannestad Theis , Pittelkow Michael 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe describe a concise synthetic strategy for the preparation of heterocyclic [9]helicenes and a simple preparative‐scale protocol for the optical resolution of the resulting M‐ and P‐enantiomers. The helicenes were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction along with a range of spectroscopic and computational techniques. A fluorescence quantum yield of up to 65 % was observed, and the chiroptical properties of both M‐ and P‐helicenes revealed large dissymmetry factors. The circularly polarized luminescence brightness reaches up to 17 M−1 cm−1, as measured experimentally and verified computationally, which makes this the highest circularly polarized luminescence brightness among heterocyclic helicenes. We describe how chiroptical properties (both circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence) can be described and predicted using quantum chemical calculations. The synthetic approach also reveals by‐products that originate from internal oxidation reactions, presumably mediated by the close proximity of the π‐surfaces in the helicene structure.
Extraction of niobium in one step from tin slag by NH4F‐HCl leaching process
Authors: Anes Iara Alves , Garjulli Franco , Siqueira de Carvalho Marcelo , Tenório Jorge Alberto Soares , Espinosa Denise Crocce Romano , Coleti Jorge Luís 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNiobium and tantalum are generally found together in nature in ores such as columbite, tantalite, and pyrochlore. These ores can occasionally associate with cassiterite, the tin ore. The pyrometallurgical processes of cassiterite produces a slag that can contain Nb and Ta from the associated ores. Cassiterite processing for tin extraction has generated a considerable quantity of residue. This work aims to study the extraction of Nb from tin slag while leaving the Ta solid. The process of separation consists in one step by leaching using a combined solution of HCl‐NH4F. The slag was characterized by X‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), and granulometric analysis. The effect of parameters of the leaching processes was investigated, such as the time of the process, HCl concentration, liquid‐to‐solid ratio, temperature, and salt‐to‐slag ratio. It was possible to recover 100% of Nb and 5% of Ta in liquor of leaching within 4 h, at 85°C, using an L:S ratio of 20:1, NH4F:slag ratio of 0.12 g, and HCl concentration equal to 9.79 mol/L.
Prebiotics: Ignored player in the fight against cancer
Authors: Mishra Parichita , Badiyani Vidhi Manish , Jain Sakshi , Subramanian Sruti , Maharaj Sakshee Vinay , Kumar Ashwini , Singh Bhisham Narayan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrebiotics is a relatively neglected area in cancer research, despite evidence suggesting that it plays a key role in suppressing tumour growth and improving immune function.Recent FindingsIncluding prebiotics in the diet has been shown to strengthen the immune system and can better slow down or prevent the growth of tumours. It has also been strongly indicated in various scientific studies that prebiotics can contribute to the sustenance of a healthy microbiome, which in turn plays an important role in increasing the effectiveness and reducing the side effects of cancer treatments.ConclusionIn the present review article we highlight the mechanisms by which prebiotics like inulin, fructooligosaccharide (FOS), β‐glucan, pectin, and xylooligosaccharide (XOS) function. Furthermore, the beneficial effect of incorporating prebiotics during cancer therapy to improvise gut health and prevent/reverse the damage caused to patients due to chemotherapy has also been elaborated.
A new lossless electroencephalogram compression technique for fog computing‐based IoHT networks
Authors: Kadhum Idrees Ali , Saieed Khlief Marwa 
Published: July 2023

SummaryThe ability to design smarter, more predictive healthcare solutions for use in the community (at work and at home) and in healthcare facilities has been greatly enhanced by recent developments in the Internet of Health Things (IoHT) and cyber physical systems (CPS). These data collected by such medical sensors will be sent in a large quantity to the fog gateway of IoHT networks. These data should be forwarded to far cloud for further analysis and processing. Therefore, sending all of these data over the IoHT network to the data center will impose a significant burden on the IoHT network. This paper proposed a new lossless electroencephalogram (EEG) compression technique (NeLECoT) for fog computing‐based IoHT networks. It encodes the data of the patient at the fog gateway prior to sending it to the data center, thereby reducing the data's size. In the fog node, the NeLECoT combines three efficient techniques: clustering based on density‐based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN), RLE (run length encoding), and Huffman encoding (HE). The clustering based on DBSCAN separates a massive volume of captured data into small groups of closely related (or similar) data. RLE encodes clustered EEG data, and the resulting file is encoded with HE. The fog gateway then transmits the encoded file to the cloud. Numerous simulation experiments were carried out, and the findings demonstrated that the suggested NeLECoT achieved better results than the competing techniques in terms of transmitted data size, compression ratio, compression power, compression time, decompression time, and average compression power.
Flow depth estimates and avulsion behaviour in alluvial stratigraphy (Willwood Formation, Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, USA)
Authors: Foreman Brady Z. , Sutherland Grace M. , Todd Delaney J. , Phillips Kristopher D. , Semeraro Anthony 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe size and geometry of river channels play a central role in sediment transport and the character of deposition within alluvial basins across spatiotemporal scales spanning the initiation of grain movement to the filling of accommodation generated by subsidence. This study compares several different approaches to estimating palaeoflow depths from fluvial deposits in the early Palaeogene Willwood Formation of north‐west Wyoming, USA. Fluvial story heights (n = 60) and mud plug thicknesses (n = 13) are statistically indistinguishable from one another and yield palaeoflow depth estimates of 4 to 6 m. The vertical relief on bar clinoforms (n = 112) yields smaller flow depths, by a factor of ca 0.3, with the exception that the largest bar clinoforms match story heights and mud plug estimates. This observation is consistent with modern river data sets that indicate unit bar clinoforms do not capture the reach‐mean bank‐full flow depths except in rare circumstances. Future studies should use story heights (i.e. compound bar deposits) and mud plugs to estimate bank‐full flow depths in alluvial strata. Additionally, the thickness of multi‐storied fluvial sandbodies (n = 102) and overbank cycles composed of paired crevasse splay and palaeosol deposits (n = 45) were compared. The two depositional units display statistically indistinguishable mean and median values. Building upon previous depositional models, these observations suggest basin rivers aggraded approximately one flow depth prior to major avulsion. This avulsion process generated widespread crevasse splay deposition across the floodplain. Once the main river channel stem was reestablished, overbank flooding and palaeosol development dominated floodplain settings. The depositional model implies river aggradation autogenically generated topography in the basin that was effectively filled during the subsequent avulsion. This constitutes a meso‐timescale (103–104 years) compensational pattern driven by morphodynamics that may account for the high completeness of fossil and palaeoclimate records recovered from the basin.
Coupling effects of temperature, confining pressure, and pore pressure on permeability and average pore size of Longmaxi shale
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Li Hongsen , Tan Xue , Li Guoliang , Jiang Hua 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe evolution due to temperature and pressure of shale reservoir permeability affects the productivity evaluation and development decision of shale gas reservoirs, which is very important for the exploration and development of unconventional gas reservoirs. This study analyzed the coupling effects of temperature (25, 50, and 75°C), effective stress (15 and 30 MPa), and pore pressure (0.5, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 MPa) on the permeability of the shale sample in the Longmaxi Formation. As the temperature and pressure increased, the apparent permeability exhibited a downward trend, and the absolute permeability decreased with the rise of temperature or effective stress. An in‐depth analysis of the gas slippage factors under the conditions of different temperature and pressure was conducted to evaluate the trend of the average pore width with temperature and pressure. The results were then verified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results provide new insights into evaluating the permeability of the Longmaxi shale and can be used to enhance the gas recovery rate of deep shale gas reservoirs.
Effectiveness and acceptability of the physical exercise and dietary therapy in a healthy life center
Authors: Mathisen Therese Fostervold , Pettersen Gunn , Rosenvinge Jan H. , Schmidt Ulrike , Sundgot‐Borgen Jorunn 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe high burden of eating disorders (EDs) and limited availability of treatment speaks of a need to explore new avenues for treatment delivery. To understand if new treatment avenues are helpful and acceptable to patients, we investigated the effectiveness of Physical Exercise and Dietary Therapy (PED‐t) in participants with bulimia nervosa or binge‐eating disorder, and acceptability when the PED‐t was implemented in a Healthy Life Center in a municipal primary healthcare service.MethodExercise physiologists and one dietitian were trained in ED literacy and to run PED‐t, before screening women for eligibility. Effectiveness (n = 16) of PED‐t and participants' experiences (n = 8) were evaluated by a mixed methods study design. Results were analyzed by relevant statistics and reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsOf 19 eligible participants, 16 completed treatment. At post‐treatment, the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire global score, binge‐eating frequency, and symptoms of depression were lower, and nine (56% of completers) were in remission. Participants' treatment experiences were classified into two overarching themes: “competence” and “emotional support.” Participants reported high acceptance for PED‐t, the local venue and group format, and felt that PED‐t provided them with coping tools and increased mental strength. However, many also spoke of an unmet need to address emotional eating.DiscussionFindings point to a potential for making an effective ED therapy more accessible, and that participants find the local low‐threshold delivery within a group‐format helpful. With small adjustments, the PED‐t could emerge as a promising first‐line treatment for bulimic EDs.Public Significance StatementLimited access to treatment for EDs, patients' high barriers to help‐seeking, and the high rates of limited efficacy from psychotherapy speak of a need to explore new therapies and avenues for delivery. In this study, we build on findings from a controlled ED treatment trial and replicate the beneficial effects and find a high patient acceptance of “physical exercise and diet therapy” implemented in a real, non‐clinical setting.
Developing perennial wildflower strips for use in Mediterranean orchard systems
Authors: Mockford Alice , Urbaneja Alberto , Ashbrook Kate , Westbury Duncan B. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTo support sustainable food production and the delivery of ecosystem services through ecological intensification, wildflower strips have become a popular strategy. Despite their success in temperate orchard systems, they remain understudied in Mediterranean ecosystems, which poses a significant barrier to uptake. In order to further promote their adoption, seed mixes must be optimised for commercial orchard systems and for the Mediterranean climate. Plant species should be selected for their consistent performance, whilst the availability of resources for ecosystem service providers determines the quality of the wildflower strip. In this study, the suitability of 12 native perennial forbs and two tussock‐forming grass species for wildflower strips in commercial Citrus orchards was assessed over a 3‐year period. Distinct resources for natural enemies according to the different plant growth stages were used an indicator of wildflower strip quality. The wildflower strips were managed under two different cutting strategies: (i) standard management, in which wildflower strips were cut once annually in February, and (ii) active management, in which wildflower strips were cut two additional times each year. The establishment and success of the sown species were compared. The influence of wildflower strips and their management on plant species richness, community structure, and the provision of resources was compared with a control treatment, in which alleyways were managed conventionally by cutting any naturally occurring vegetation to a height of ≤5 cm, four to five times annual. For the first time, the performance of native perennial plant species has been assessed in Mediterranean orchard systems and a seed mix developed for targeting pest regulation services. The wildflower strips were successful in increasing plant species richness and the available resources expected to support natural enemies. However, only wildflower strips managed with cutting once annually enhanced vegetation cover relative to the control, whilst extending the flowering period. This study therefore provides crucial tools for the further development of sustainable approaches to food production in Mediterranean orchard systems.
Ecological indicators for qualitative assessment of Ojarud River: A case study
Authors: Mobasher Aydin , Bayrami Abolfazl , Asadi‐Sharif Ehsan , Rahim Pouran Shima 
Published: July 2023

AbstractToday, the application of ecological indicators based on organisms has replaced traditional saprobic approaches for assessment of the quality of rivers impaired due to organic pollution and some other environmental disturbances. This study aimed to weigh the quality of the Ojarud River in Ardabil, Iran, applying biological and physiological indices of macro‐invertebrates. A total of 12,524 samplings were fulfilled at four stations (S1, S2, S3, S4) from the headstream to downstream by a Surber sampler (30 × 30 cm2) from June/2020 to April/2021. All year round, the highest frequent families were Chironomidae (2658), Simuliidae (1025) from Diptera and Caenidae (1855), and Baetidae (724) from Ephemeroptera. The diversity pattern was analyzed by PAST software, and Primer 7 (BIO‐ENV analysis) was utilized to understand what factor has the most impact on the distribution of macro‐invertebrates. The least similarity of S4 to other stations was recognized by Cluster analysis. As per the ANOSIM (analysis of similarities), a statistically significant difference in the macroinvertebrates' frequency was established between S3 and other stations (p = .0001, r = .63). Moreover, the relationship between heavy metals and macro‐invertebrate showed that the three families of Simuliidae, Gomphidae, and Caenidae had a positive correlation with the concentrations of heavy metals in the sediment. As per the Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera index, the water quality was placed in the “excellent” class, but the Biological Monitoring Working Party and Hilsenhoff Family Biotic Index indices scored the water quality “good” class at S1 and the “poor” class at S3. Based on the results of this study, the use of physicochemical and hydro‐morphological indicators can support the biological indicators but cannot replace them. In addition, careful evaluation of biological indicators is required to develop conservation strategies.
Efficiency of phospholipid remodeling via acyl‐CoA:lysophospholipid acyltransferases action is modified by acyl‐CoAs
Authors: Jasieniecka‐Gazarkiewicz Katarzyna , Klińska‐Bąchor Sylwia , Banaś Antoni 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study investigated the impact of different acyl‐CoAs on remodeling efficiency of PC and PE via the action of acyl‐CoA:lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLAT). Microsomal fractions from yeast ΔALE1 mutant transformed with an empty plasmid pYES2 or plasmid carrying AtLPCAT or ALE1 encoding genes were used in the experiments. In the preliminary assays, presence of 18:1‐CoA in the reaction mixture increased remodeling efficiency of [14C]PC integrated with microsomal fraction of yeast overexpressing AtLPCAT compared to assays without exogenous acyl‐CoA. In further experiments, the effect of five different acyl‐CoAs (16:0‐CoA, 18:0‐CoA, 18:1‐CoA, 18:2‐CoA, and 18:3‐CoA) on remodeling efficiency of yeast microsomal PC and PE via the action of three LPLATs (yeast SLC1 and ALE1 and Arabidopsis LPCAT2) were tested. It has been shown that acyl‐CoAs used in the experiments had different effect on the remodeling intensity of PC and PE via action of the tested acyltransferases. Moreover, each acyl‐CoA used had a different effect on the tested acyltransferases. Additionally, the assays with DTNB (inhibitor of the LPLAT backward reaction) showed that remodeling of PC and PE by LPLATs can also occur through reactions other than the backward reaction carried out by these enzymes, and that acyl‐CoA present in the reaction mixture affected these processes.
The evolution and preservation potential of englacial eskers: An example from Breiðamerkurjökull, SE Iceland
Authors: Lally Amy , Ruffell Alastair , Newton Andrew M. W. , Rea Brice R. , Kahlert Thorsten , Storrar Robert D. , Spagnolo Matteo , Graham Conor , Coleman Millie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDirectly observing glacial drainage systems (englacial and subglacial) is challenging. The distribution, morphology and internal structure of eskers can provide valuable information about the glacial drainage system and meltwater processes. This work presents the annual evolution (meltout) and internal structure of an esker emerging from the Breiðamerkurjökull ice margin, southeast Iceland. Changes in esker morphology have been repeatedly mapped over a 1‐year period using high temporal and spatial resolution data acquired by an uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV). The internal architecture of the esker was investigated using ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) surveys. These data are used to identify the dominant processes driving the formation of this englacial esker and to evaluate the preservation potential. The englacial esker was up to 2.6 m thick and ice‐cored. A large moulin upglacier of the esker, which evolved into an englacial conduit, supplied meltwater to the englacial channel. Upglacier dipping debris‐filled basal hydrofractures, formed by pressurised subglacial meltwater rising up the retrograde bed slope, likely supplied sediment to the englacial conduit. Over the 1‐year period of observation the crest morphology evolved from flat‐ to sharp‐crested and the esker footprint increased by a factor of 5.7 in response to post‐depositional processes. The findings presented here indicate that englacial eskers may have low preservation potential due to post‐depositional reworking such as slumping through ice‐core meltout and erosion by later meltwater flow. As englacial eskers may not be preserved in the landscape, they could represent important glacial drainage system components that are not currently captured in palaeo‐ice sheet reconstructions. This work highlights the value of creating a time series of high‐temporal resolution data to quantify morphological evolution and improve glacial process‐form models.