bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient, stable, broadband cyan‐emitting Ca‐substituted Ba9Lu2Si6O24:Eu2+ with multisite luminescence for NUV‐wLEDs
Authors: Cao Min , Tian Junhang , Zhuang Weidong , Liu Ronghui , Liu Yuanhong , Chen Guantong , Wang Limin , Wang Jianwei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn order to develop an efficient and stable broadband cyan phosphor for full spectrum white lighting emitting diodes (wLEDs), novel Ba9Lu2Si6O24:Eu2+, xCa2+ is designed and synthesized. Ca‐substitution induces Eu2+ ions into Lu3+ crystallographic site, which achieve rare nonequivalent cation substitution of Eu2+. Effects of Ca‐substitution on crystal structure of matrix and phosphor are investigated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and density functional thoery (DFT). Ba9Lu2Si6O24:Eu2+, xCa2+ can be effectively excited by with near‐ultraviolet (NUV) and exhibit broadband cyan emission with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 119.7 nm at x = 0.2, due to the multisite luminescence centers. For the sample x = 0.2, the internal quantum efficiency is 92.61%, and the luminous intensity at 423 K remains 89% of that measured at room temperature. The rigid structure of [SiO4]‐[LuO6]‐[SiO4] doped with Eu2+ ion makes Ca‐substituted samples exhibit excellent luminescence efficiency and thermal stability. Our work develops a significant strategy based on multisite cation regulation to explore NUV‐excited broadband cyan phosphors for full spectrum wLEDs.
A new approach to protect and extend longevity of the thermal barrier coating by an impermeable layer of silicon nitride
Authors: Bakkar Said , Zucha Elora , Beam Joseph , Flanagan Will H , Dixit Satish , Hossain Tim Z 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA sample representation of a gas turbine engine blade, consisting of a nickel superalloy substrate with a deposited thermal barrier coating (TBC), was covered with silicon nitride, Si3N4, as an impermeable layer using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). The silicon nitride layer was used to seal the topcoat of yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) surface of the TBC to mitigate calcium–magnesium–aluminum–silicon oxide (CMAS) attack. CMAS testing was carried out on the covered and uncovered surfaces by melting a ratio of 25 mg/cm2 of CMAS powder onto the surface of each sample in a furnace at 1100°C for 1 h. The conformal surface reaction of the sealed layer confirmed no cracking or delamination at high temperatures. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs confirmed that the surface of YSZ was successfully sealed. The new coating of silicon nitride was shown to be a viable solution and technique to significantly block CMAS infiltration in porous thermal barrier coatings.
Severity of the Omicron SARS‐CoV‐2 variant compared with the previous lineages: A systematic review
Authors: Arabi Maryam , Al‐Najjar Yousef , Mhaimeed Nada , Salameh Mohammad A. , Paul Pradipta , AlAnni Jamal , Abdelati Ali A. , Laswi Ibrahim , Khanjar Bushra , Al‐Ali Dana , Elshafeey Abdallah , Mhaimeed Omar , Burney Zain , D'Souza Ashton , Sinha Pratyaksha , Bhatti Mohammad , Pillai Krishnadev V. , Homssi Moayad , Bshesh Khalifa , Yagan Lina , Zakaria Dalia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Omicron variant was first detected in October 2021, which evolved from the original SARS‐CoV‐2 strain and was found to possess many mutations. Immune evasion was one of the notable consequences of these mutations. Despite Omicron exhibiting increased transmissibility, the rates of hospitalizations and deaths among patients infected with this variant were substantially lower when compared to other strains. However, concluding that the Omicron variant is less severe than other variants of SARS‐CoV‐2 requires consideration of multiple factors, including the vaccination status of infected patients as well as any previous infections with other variants. This review compiled data about any reported indicators of severity in Omicron‐infected patients, including studies comparing Omicron with other variants while adjusting for confounders. A comprehensive search was conducted using different databases to target any studies about Omicron. In total, 62 studies met our inclusion criteria and were included in this study. Many studies reported a significantly reduced risk of hospitalization, ICU admission, need for oxygenation/ventilation, and death in Omicron‐infected patients compared to patients infected with other variants, such as Delta. Some studies, however, reported comparable severity in Omicron infected patients as to other variants emphasizing a substantial risk for severe illness. Furthermore, the COVID‐19 vaccines were less effective against Omicron relative to previous lineages, except after receiving the booster dose. One study recommended vaccination during pregnancy, which may help prevent future cases of severe SARS‐CoV‐2 pneumonia in neonates and young infants due to the transfer of humoral response from the mother.
Effect of staining layer on roughness after progressive wear of monolithic ceramics
Authors: de Matos Jefferson David Melo , da Rocha Scalzer Lopes Guilherme , Queiroz Daher Antonio , Campos Tiago Moreira Bastos , de Carvalho Ramos Nathalia , Bottino Marco Antonio 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate staining layer behavior applied to high‐translucency zirconia (YZHT), feldspathic ceramics (FD), and zirconia‐reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) surfaces against different antagonists.Methods and MaterialsMonolithic ceramic discs (n = 120) (ø 12 mm; thickness, 1.2 mm; ISO 6872) were obtained, 30 from YZHT and FD, and 60 from ZLS CAD/CAM blocks (staining layer applied before or after the crystallization procedure). The specimens were divided into 12 subgroups (n = 10) according to the antagonists: steatite, polymer‐infiltrated ceramic, or zirconia. Mechanical cycling (1.5 × 104 cycles; 15 N; horizontal displacement, 6 mm; 1.7 Hz) and flexural strength tests (1 mm/min–1000 kg cell) were performed. The differences between final and initial roughnesses (Ra, Rz, and Rsm), the mass loss, and the flexural strength data were individually analyzed by two‐way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05).ResultsThe roughnesses of all ceramics did not present a statistically significant difference before wear simulation: Ra (p = 0.3348), Rz (p = 0.5590), and Rsm (p = 0.5330). After the wear simulation, the Ra parameter was not affected by an interaction between ceramic and antagonist (p = 0.595). The Rz and Rsm parameters were affected only by the antagonist pistons (both, p = 0.000). The ceramics used in this study showed statistically significant differences in mass loss after the wear test (p < 0.0001). The additional firing (2 steps) of the ZLS2 led to a higher lost mass quantity.ConclusionAll ceramics presented similar initial roughnesses and similar roughnesses after the wear simulation. The zirconia antagonist showed better performance against ceramics with high crystalline content.Clinical SignificanceIt is clear that restorative materials must be carefully selected by dental practitioners according to indications, properties, and antagonists. The steatite antagonist, that is, an enamel analog, showed better performance against vitreous ceramics, while the zirconia antagonist showed better performance against ceramics with high crystalline content. Wear affects the surface roughnesses of the ceramics. Additional firing for the staining of the zirconia‐reinforced lithium silicate ceramic led to a greater loss of mass.
Investigating the compressibility and flowability of cocoa powders: A solution for chocolate industry
Authors: Ali Muhammad Azhar , Shaari Nor Shazwani , Yamin Muhammad , Sahar Amna , Yusof Yus Aniza 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe flowability and compressibility properties were determined for two types of cocoa powders, which are used commercially in chocolate industries; alkalized and natural cocoa powders. Physical and flow properties have a very significant role in the flow behavior, which relates to the handling, transportation, and storage of bulk powders. Throughout the research, it was observed that the properties of both cocoa powders are similar. The objectives of this work are to compare the compressibility and flowability between alkalized and natural cocoa powders and to design the minimum opening size of hopper for mass flow based on their flow properties. Jenike's mathematical methodology is applied during the research for the design of conical hoppers for mass flow. Besides, powder flow analysis using powder flow analyzer is one of the testing methodologies in this research. In addition, direct shear box tests were performed with three different normal stresses. The alkalized cocoa powder needs 1.366 m in diameter for the opening of the hopper, while the natural cocoa powder needs 1.531 m. From the results of the study conducted, it was concluded that both cocoa powders are very cohesive and have poor flow properties. This research reveals that the physical and flow properties of two main types of cocoa powder contributed a lot to the process of hopper design, enhance process understanding, and also applicable for analyzing the powder behavior at any stage in industry.Practical applicationsCocoa powder is the essential ingredient of chocolate manufacturing and other food industry having a chocolate‐like flavor including beverages, biscuits, desserts, and so forth. In chocolate industry, the flow behavior of cocoa powders can affect manufacturing efficiency, which directly affects the production capacity and product quality in terms of its weight and content uniformity. In this study, the critical design parameters such as hopper angle and size of opening were determined to improve the flowability of cocoa powders when passes through hopper. The findings of the present study make it possible for an accurate estimation of a correct intersection with the hopper flow factor line and effective angle of internal friction (δ), extrapolating the powder flow function ff curve to obtain hopper opening size for each cocoa powder for better flowability.
Defining potential targets of prenatal androgen excess: Expression analysis of androgen receptor on hypothalamic neurons in the fetal female mouse brain
Authors: Watanabe Yugo , Fisher Lorryn , Campbell Rebecca E. , Jasoni Christine L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a female endocrine disorder that is associated with prenatal exposure to excess androgens. In prenatally androgenized (PNA) mice that model PCOS, GABAergic neural transmission to and innervation of GnRH neurons is increased. Evidence suggests that elevated GABAergic innervation originates in the arcuate nucleus (ARC). We hypothesized that GABA‐GnRH circuit abnormalities are a direct consequence of PNA, resulting from DHT binding to androgen receptor (AR) in the prenatal brain. However, whether prenatal ARC neurons express AR at the time of PNA treatment is presently unknown. We used RNAScope in situ hybridization to localize AR mRNA (Ar)‐expressing cells in healthy gestational day (GD) 17.5 female mouse brains and to assess coexpression levels in specific neuronal phenotypes. Our study revealed that less than 10% of ARC GABA cells expressedAr. In contrast, we found that ARC kisspeptin neurons, critical regulators of GnRH neurons, were highly colocalized withAr. Approximately 75% of ARCKiss1‐expressing cells also expressedArat GD17.5, suggesting that ARC kisspeptin neurons are potential targets of PNA. Investigating other neuronal populations in the ARC we found that ~50% of pro‐opiomelanocortin (Pomc) cells, 22% of tyrosine hydroxylase (Th) cells, 8% of agouti‐related protein (Agrp) cells and 8% of somatostatin (Sst) cells expressAr. Lastly, RNAscope in coronal sections showedArexpression in the medial preoptic area (mPOA), and the ventral part of the lateral septum (vLS). TheseAr‐expressing regions were highly GABAergic, and 22% of GABA cells in the mPOA and 25% of GABA cells in the vLS also expressedAr. Our findings identify specific neuronal phenotypes in the ARC, mPOA, and vLS that are androgen sensitive in late gestation. PNA‐induced functional changes in these neurons may be related to the development of impaired central mechanisms associated with PCOS‐like features.
Category of upper eyelid morphology and the preferred double eyelid shape in Asians according to questionnaire survey
Authors: Zhao Sinan , Zheng Dongfeng , Wang Shuqin , Yan Xin , Ge Huaqiang , Tan Qian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe morphological classification of the upper eyelid in Asian people is complex and diverse and usually not consistent with what we know well.AimsTo improve the classification of upper eyelid morphology and investigate the preferred double eyelid shape by Asian people.MethodsAn investigation of 640 patients' preferences for double eyelid shape was conducted, and the pre‐ and post‐operative effects were assessed. The shapes of the natural eyelids of 247 people (485 eyes) who provided real photographs of the eyelids were counted. The chi‐square test was used to analyze the differences.ResultsThere were 10 eyelid shapes: single eyelid, parallel‐shaped double eyelid, fan‐shaped double eyelid, parallel fan‐shaped double eyelid, opened fan‐shaped double eyelid, crescent‐shaped double eyelid, hidden‐shaped double eyelid, horizontal‐shaped double eyelid, triangle‐shaped double eyelid, and multiple‐fold eyelid. The difference in the shape of the natural eyelid between males and females was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The most popular eyelid shapes were single eyelid (24.9%), open fan‐shaped double eyelid (21.0%), fan‐shaped double eyelid (16.3%), and hidden‐shaped double eyelid (12.6%). Men and women preferred a parallel fan‐shaped double eyelid (18.0%), a parallel‐shaped double eyelids (17.0%), and an open fan‐shaped double eyelids (18.1%).ConclusionsThe most popular upper eyelid shapes were single eyelid, open fan‐shaped double eyelid, and fan‐shaped double eyelid. The parallel fan‐shaped, parallel‐shaped, and open fan‐shaped double eyelid were favored by men and women.
Fatigue behavior of multilayer ceramic structures in traditional and reverse layering designs
Authors: Contreras Lisseth Patricia Claudio , Rodrigues Camila Silva , Zucuni Camila Pauleski , Valandro Luiz Felipe , Marocho Susana Maria Salazar , de Melo Renata Marques 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeThis study evaluated the fatigue failure load (FFL) and the number of cycles for fatigue failure (CFF) of traditional (porcelain layer up) and reversed (zirconia layer up) designs of porcelain‐veneered zirconia samples prepared with heat‐pressing or file‐splitting techniques.Materials and MethodsZirconia discs were prepared and veneered with heat‐pressed or machined feldspathic ceramic. The bilayer discs were bonded onto a dentin‐analog according to the bilayer technique and sample design: traditional heat‐pressing (T‐HP), reversed heat‐pressing (R‐HP), traditional file‐splitting with fusion ceramic (T‐FC), reversed file‐splitting with fusion ceramic R‐FC), traditional file‐splitting with resin cement (T‐RC), and reversed file‐splitting with resin cement (R‐RC). The fatigue tests were performed using the stepwise approach at 20 Hz, 10,000 cycles/step, step‐size of 200 N starting at 600 N, and proceeding until failure detection or up to 2600 N if enduring. The failure modes (from radial and/or cone cracks) were analyzed in a stereomicroscope.ResultsThe reversed design decreased the FFL and CFF of bilayers prepared with heat‐pressing and file‐splitting with fusion ceramic. The T‐HP and T‐FC reached the highest results, which were statistically similar between them. The bilayers prepared by the file‐splitting with resin cement (T‐RC and R‐RC) were similar to the R‐FC and R‐HP groups regarding FFL and CFF. Almost all reverse layering samples failed by radial cracks.ConclusionsThe reverse layering design did not improve the fatigue behavior of porcelain veneered zirconia samples. The three bilayer techniques behaved similarly when used in the reversed design.
Mild‐to‐moderate obstructive sleep apnea and mortality risk in a general population sample: The modifying effect of age and cardiovascular/cerebrovascular comorbidity
Authors: Vgontzas Alexandros N. , Karagkouni Efthalia , He Fan , Li Yun , Karataraki Maria , Fernandez‐Mendoza Julio , Bixler Edward O. 
Published: May 2023

SummaryAbout 5.4%–45.7% of the general population has mild‐to‐moderate obstructive sleep apnea (mmOSA), which is highly comorbid with cardiovascular and/or cerebrovascular diseases (CBVD). We examined the association between mmOSA and all‐cause mortality and the modifying effect of age and CBVD. A total of 1681 adults 20–88 years old from the Penn State Adult Cohort (PSAC) (41.9% male) were followed up for 20.1 ± 6.2 years for all‐cause mortality. Mild and moderate OSA were defined as an apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) 5–14.9 and 15–29.9 events/hour, respectively. CBVD was defined as a report of a physician diagnosis or treatment for heart disease and/or stroke. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate all‐cause mortality adjusted for confounders. All‐cause mortality risk was significantly increased in the mmOSA group in young and middle‐aged adults (<60 years) (HR = 1.59, 95%CI 1.08–2.04) but not in older adults (≥60 years) (HR = 1.05, 95%CI 0.80–1.39). A synergistic effect between mmOSA and CBVD was stronger in those <60 years (HR = 3.82, 95%CI 2.25–6.48 in <60 years vs 1.86 95%CI 1.14–3.04 in ≥60 years). There was an additive effect between moderate OSA and hypertension in <60 but not in those ≥60 years. Mild OSA was associated with all‐cause mortality only in the presence of CBVD. Mortality risk is increased in young and middle‐aged adults with moderate OSA, whereas the mortality risk associated with mild OSA is elevated only, regardless of age, in the presence of comorbid CBVD. AHI cut‐offs warranting treatment of mmOSA may need to be adjusted based on age and comorbidities.
MHC class II genes mediate susceptibility and resistance to coronavirus infections in bats
Authors: Schmid Dominik W. , Meyer Magdalena , Wilhelm Kerstin , Tilley Tatiana , Link‐Hessing Thomas , Fleischer Ramona , Badu Ebenezer K. , Nkrumah Evans Ewald , Oppong Samuel Kingsley , Schwensow Nina , Tschapka Marco , Baldwin Heather J. , Vallo Peter , Corman Victor M. , Drosten Christian , Sommer Simone 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the immunogenetic basis of coronavirus (CoV) susceptibility in major pathogen reservoirs, such as bats, is central to inferring their zoonotic potential. Members of the crypticHipposiderosbat species complex differ in CoV susceptibility, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are the best understood genetic basis of pathogen resistance, and differences in MHC diversity are one possible reason for asymmetrical infection patterns among closely related species. Here, we aimed to link asymmetries in observed CoV (CoV‐229E, CoV‐2B and CoV‐2Bbasal) susceptibility to immunogenetic differences amongst fourHipposiderosbat species. From the 2072 bats assigned to their respective species using the mtDNAcytochrome bgene, members of the most numerous and ubiquitous species,Hipposideros caffer D, were most infected with CoV‐229E and SARS‐related CoV‐2B. Using a subset of 569 bats, we determined that much of the existent allelic and functional (i.e. supertype) MHC DRB class II diversity originated from common ancestry. One MHC supertype shared amongst all species, ST12, was consistently linked to susceptibility with CoV‐229E, which is closely related to the common cold agent HCoV‐229E, and infected bats and those carrying ST12 had a lower body condition. The same MHC supertype was connected to resistance to CoV‐2B, and bats with ST12 were less likely be co‐infected with CoV‐229E and CoV‐2B. Our work suggests a role of immunogenetics in determining CoV susceptibility in bats. We advocate for the preservation of functional genetic and species diversity in reservoirs as a means of mitigating the risk of disease spillover.
A deep learning framework based on improved self‐supervised learning for ground‐penetrating radar tunnel lining inspection
Authors: Huang Jian , Yang Xi , Zhou Feng , Li Xiaofeng , Zhou Bin , Lu Song , Ivashov Sergey , Giannakis Iraklis , Kong Fannian , Slob Evert 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIt is not practical to obtain a large number of labeled data to train a supervised learning network in tunnel lining nondestructive testing with ground‐penetrating radar (GPR). To decrease the dependence of supervised learning on the number of labeled data, an improved self‐supervised learning algorithm—self‐attention dense contrastive learning (SA‐DenseCL)—is proposed and incorporated with a mask region‐convolution neural network (Mask R‐CNN), which is trained by unlabeled and labeled GPR data. The proposed SA‐DenseCL adds a self‐attention‐based relevant projection head to the DenseCL architecture of self‐supervised learning, capturing the spatially continuing information between adjacent GPR traces. In the workflow, some unlabeled GPR images are used to pre‐train the SA‐DenseCL network for feature extraction and obtaining the backbone weights, which is superior to the conventional pre‐training methods of supervised learning pre‐trained by ImageNet images. The weights of the pre‐trained backbone are then used to initialize the Mask R‐CNN through transfer learning. Subsequently, a limited number of labeled GPR images are used to fine‐tune the Mask R‐CNN for automatically identifying the locations of the reinforcement bars and voids and estimating the secondary lining thickness. The experimental results show that the average precision reaches 96.70%, 81.04%, and 94.67% in identifying reinforcement bar locations, detecting void defects, and estimating secondary lining thickness, respectively, which outperform the conventional methods that use ImageNet‐based supervised learning or GPR image‐based DenseCL for initializing the Mask R‐CNN backbone weights. It is observed that the improved self‐supervised learning‐based framework can improve the detection and estimation accuracy in GPR tunnel lining inspection.
‘The True Love of the People and the Motherland’: The concept of socialist patriotism, socialist nation and anti‐nationalism in Hungary in the 1960s and 1970s
Authors: Pap Milán 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the late 1950s, the concept of socialist patriotism in Hungary was reformulated as a basic political concept in the ideology and propaganda of state socialism. The definite appropriation of Leninist contraposition of socialist patriotism and bourgeois nationalism became paramount in the second half of the 1950s because of the nationalist sentiments of the 1956 revolution. I trace the history of the concept of socialist patriotism in the 1960s and 1970s in socialist Hungary. During this period, socialist patriotism served as a slightly undetermined, yet didactic counter‐concept to set against ‘bourgeois nationalism’ which was characterised as a xenophobic sense of nation. From the late 1960s, the doctrine of socialist patriotism confronted a new ideological enemy: supra‐nationalism or cosmopolitanism. In the mid‐1970s, a new ideological equilibrium was elaborated in Hungary between socialist patriotism and proletarian internationalism, which served the economic and political integration of the Eastern bloc countries. In this sense, socialist patriotism was meant to express a link with socialist political order, its achievements and its institutions, in contrast to the ethnic character and revanchist tendencies of nationalism.