bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting the severity of white matter lesions among patients with cerebrovascular risk factors based on retinal images and clinical laboratory data: a deep learning study
Authors: Shu Liming , Zhong Kaiyi , Chen Nanya , Gu Wenxin , Shang Wenjing , Liang Jiahui , Ren Jiangtao , Hong Hua 
Published: July 2023

Background and purposeAs one common feature of cerebral small vascular disease (cSVD), white matter lesions (WMLs) could lead to reduction in brain function. Using a convenient, cheap, and non-intrusive method to detect WMLs could substantially benefit to patient management in the community screening, especially in the settings of availability or contraindication of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Therefore, this study aimed to develop a useful model to incorporate clinical laboratory data and retinal images using deep learning models to predict the severity of WMLs.MethodsTwo hundred fifty-nine patients with any kind of neurological diseases were enrolled in our study. Demographic data, retinal images, MRI, and laboratory data were collected for the patients. The patients were assigned to the absent/mild and moderate–severe WMLs groups according to Fazekas scoring system. Retinal images were acquired by fundus photography. A ResNet deep learning framework was used to analyze the retinal images. A clinical-laboratory signature was generated from laboratory data. Two prediction models, a combined model including demographic data, the clinical-laboratory signature, and the retinal images and a clinical model including only demographic data and the clinical-laboratory signature, were developed to predict the severity of WMLs.ResultsApproximately one-quarter of the patients (25.6%) had moderate–severe WMLs. The left and right retinal images predicted moderate–severe WMLs with area under the curves (AUCs) of 0.73 and 0.94. The clinical-laboratory signature predicted moderate–severe WMLs with an AUC of 0.73. The combined model showed good performance in predicting moderate–severe WMLs with an AUC of 0.95, while the clinical model predicted moderate–severe WMLs with an AUC of 0.78.ConclusionCombined with retinal images from conventional fundus photography and clinical laboratory data are reliable and convenient approach to predict the severity of WMLs and are helpful for the management and follow-up of WMLs patients.
Publication trends and hotspots of colorectal adenoma during 2002-2022: a bibliometric and visualized analysis
Authors: Li Xue , Zhang Wenzheng , Yuan Surui , Mao Qiyuan , Zhang Chuchu , Cai Ruijuan , Lin Hongsheng , Wang Xueqian 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundPrevention and treatment of colorectal adenoma (CRA) are great significant to reduce morbidity and mortality of colorectal cancer. Although there have been numerous studies on CRA recently, few publications utilized the bibliometrics to evaluate this field. The objective of current study was to provide a comprehensive analysis of the current state and frontier progress of CRA over the past 20 years.MethodsThe Web of Science Core Collection was utilized to extracted all studies of CRA during 2002-2022. Bibliometric tools including CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and the Online Analysis Platform of Literature Metrology were used for statistical analysis. CiteSpace and the Online Analysis Platform were used to evaluate the contributions of various countries/regions, institutions, authors, and journals in this field. Research hotspots and trends were identified through keywords and references analysis by VOSviewer and CiteSpace.Results2,268 publications from 2002 to 2022 in total were identified. The number of global publications in this field has increased annually. The USA was the most productive country, contributing nearly 30% of global publications. But in recent years, China’s publications grew rapidly and had the highest citation strength. The most productive institutions was the National Cancer Institute. Baron JA from the USA was the most productive and the one of most co-cited authors. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers &amp; Prevention had the highest number of publications and Gastroenterology was the most co-cited journals. Analysis of keywords clusters showed that “mechanism/pathophysiology”, “risk factors and prevention”, “colonoscopy screening and treatment”, “metabolism”, and “microbiota” were the major frontier topics and the main research directions.ConclusionsCRA publications have shown a gradual upward trend in recent years, most of which have been published by developed countries. Developing countries should further focus on CRA research and transnational cooperation with developed countries in the future, in order to better improve the situation of the increasing morbidity and mortality of CRC. Baron JA was the most outstanding researcher in this field. More attention should be devoted to “pathogenesis of CRA”, “less invasive diagnostic methods”, “chemoprevention”, and “screening and risk prediction of CRA including gut microbiome and metabolism”, which will be frontiers in the future.
Small bowel edema and lymphocytic duodenitis as severe reversible gastrointestinal toxicity of selpercatinib in RET fusion–positive non–small cell lung cancer: a case report
Authors: Scattolin Daniela , Scagliori Elena , Scapinello Antonio , Fantin Alberto , Guarneri Valentina , Pasello Giulia 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionRearranged during transfection (RET) gene rearrangements occur in 1%–2% of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Because of the results of the study LIBRETTO-001, selpercatinib has been approved as the first-line treatment for patients with RET fusion–positive advanced NSCLC. Selpercatinib demonstrated to be well tolerated. Despite this, gastrointestinal adverse events (AEs) are frequently reported, and no clinical-radiological and endoscopic features and their impact in terms of treatment discontinuations, interruptions, and dose reductions have been described so far.Case reportA 37-year-old never-smoker woman was treated in our institution with selpercatinib for a RET fusion–positive NSCLC. After 9 months of treatment, the patient referred abdominal pain of grade (G) 2, associated with nausea of G2, bilious vomiting of G3, and weight loss of G1. At computed tomography scan, the presence of important bowel wall thickening, free ascitic fluid, mesenteric congestion, and stranding was detected. The patient underwent an anterograde enteroscopy extended to jejunum with detection of lymphocytic duodenitis with sub-mucosal edema. Selpercatinib treatment was temporary interrupted with complete resolution of the symptoms and then re-administered with dose reduction, without relapsed of the gastrointestinal toxicity after 120 days.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first case report of a patient with NSCLC treated with selpercatinib outside a clinical study who developed severe gastrointestinal toxicity characterized by small bowel edema and lymphocytic duodenitis, leading to treatment interruption and dose reduction. The gastrointestinal AE has been described by a radiological, endoscopic, and histopathological point of view. Further investigations are needed to better identify pathological mechanisms of gastrointestinal toxicity for an appropriate AE management.
Infrared defect recognition technology for composite materials
Authors: Chang Hao-Liang , Ren Hao-Tian , Wang Gang , Yang Ming , Zhu Xin-Yu 
Published: July 2023

This study mainly involves the methods and experiments of using infrared thermal wave imaging detection technology to detect internal defects in aircraft composite materials. The results were discussed and analyzed. In this paper, the feasibility of the experiment was verified by simulation. In simulation, the minimum accuracy of detectable defects is 4 mm radius under the mesh division accuracy with a correlation coefficient of 5. On this basis, an accurate detection method and prototype nondestructive testing system for defects of aircraft composite materials based on infrared imaging detection technology were designed, which can realize the identification and positioning of defects in aircraft composite material structures, including type, size and accurate depth of defects. Finally, the data collected by the infrared detection system was recognized through YOLO neural network. The test result shows the confidence level for water point defect is more than 0.9, while the confidence level for crack defect is about 0.5. This research result will expand the use case of infrared nondestructive testing technology around the world, and the transformation of the results will help to solve the maintenance problems of aircraft in general aviation.
Apoptotic volume decrease (AVD) in A549 cells exposed to water-soluble fraction of particulate matter (PM10)
Authors: Giordano M. E. , Udayan G. , Guascito M. R. , De Bartolomeo A. R. , Carlino A. , Conte M. , Contini D. , Lionetto M. G. 
Published: July 2023

Exposure to atmospheric particulate matter (PM) is recognized as a human health risk factor of great concern. The present work aimed to study the cellular mechanisms underlying cytotoxic effects of airborne particulate matter &lt;10 µm in size (PM10), sampled in an urban background site from January to May 2020, on A549 cells. In particular, the study addressed if PM10 exposure can be a main factor in the induction of the Apoptotic Volume Decrease (AVD), which is one of the first events of apoptosis, and if the generation of intracellular oxidative stress can be involved in the PM10 induction of apoptosis in A549 cells. The cytotoxicity of PM10 samples was measured by MTT test on cells exposed for 24 h to the PM10 aqueous extracts, cell volume changes were monitored by morphometric analysis of the cells, apoptosis appearance was detected by annexin V and the induction of intracellular oxidative stress was evaluated by the ROS sensitive CM-H2DCFDA fluorescent probe. The results showed cytotoxic effects ascribable to apoptotic death in A549 cells exposed for 24 h to aqueous extracts of airborne winter PM10 samples characterized by high PM10 value and organic carbon content. The detected reduced cell viability in winter samples ranged from 55% to 100%. Normotonic cell volume reduction (ranging from about 60% to 30% cell volume decrease) after PM10 exposure was already detectable after the first 30 min clearly indicating the ability of PM10, mainly arising from biomass burning, to induce Apoptotic Volume Decrease (AVD) in A549 cells. AVD was prevented by the pre-treatment with 0.5 mM SITS indicating the activation of Cl− efflux presumably through the activation of VRAC channels. The exposure of A549 cells to PM10 aqueous extracts was able to induce intracellular oxidative stress detected by using the ROS-sensitive probe CM-H2DCFDA. The PM10-induced oxidative stress was statistically significantly correlated with cell viability inhibition and with apoptotic cell shrinkage. It was already evident after 15 min exposure representing one of the first cellular effects caused by PM exposure. This result suggests the role of oxidative stress in the PM10 induction of AVD as one of the first steps in cytotoxicity.
The relationship between the Dark Triad and bullying among Chinese adolescents: the role of social exclusion and sense of control
Authors: Huang Yongqi , Gan Xiong , Jin Xin , Rao Shijie , Guo Binbin , He Zijian , Wei Zixu 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionAbundant evidence has proved the association between the Dark Triad and bullying. However, the underlying mechanisms of this relationship are still not fully understood. Based on the temporal need-threat model, three studies were designed to explore the mediating role of social exclusion and sense of control in this research.MethodsIn study 1 we recruited 571 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 14.53, SD = 0.716) to participate in a cross-sectional study. And two experiments were respectively designed in Study 2 (N = 88) and Study 3 (N = 102) to verify the effects of real and cyber social exclusion on adolescent bullying behavior.ResultsStudy 1 showed that social exclusion and sense of control would play the serial mediating role in the relationship between the Dark Triad and bullying (except social exclusion as a mediator between the Dark Triad and cyberbullying). Study 2 and 3 showed that adolescents with high Dark Triad show lower sense of control and more bullying behavior after experiencing social exclusion.DiscussionThese findings extend the research on the Dark Triad and bullying by providing a solid empirical foundation and intervention strategies to avoid bullying so that the problem can be rationally and scientifically approached.
Mental health treatment and access for emerging adults in Canada: a systematic review
Authors: Murray Jonah Kynan , Knudson Sarah 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionResearch into the mental healthcare of emerging adults (18–25) in Canada has been limited, despite this developmental period being widely considered a vulnerable time of life. As such, we aimed to identify the greatest barriers emerging adults faced in accessing mental healthcare in Canada, particularly in relation to the Canadian healthcare system which operates on a universal funding model but is challenged by funding shortfalls and a complex relationship to the provinces.MethodsWe systematically examined 28 pieces of literature, including academic and technical literature and publications from government organizations, focused on emerging adults and the Canadian mental healthcare system.ResultsFindings demonstrated that stigma, a lack of mental health knowledge, cost, and interpersonal factors (e.g., one’s parental, peer, and romantic supports demonstrating negative views toward mental healthcare may deter treatment; emerging adults demonstrating concerns that accessing mental healthcare may lead to peer rejection) acted as barriers to help-seeking in emerging adults. Additionally, a lack of national institutional cohesion and a lack of policy pertaining to emerging adult healthcare acted as barriers to adequate mental healthcare in this demographic.DiscussionImproving mental health education early in life shows promise at reducing many of the barriers emerging adults face in accessing mental healthcare. Further, policies directed at ensuring a cohesive national mental health system, as well as policies directly designed to care for emerging adult mental health needs, could act as the next steps toward ensuring an accessible and effective Canadian mental healthcare system that can serve as a model for other nations.
Adherence to 24-h movement guidelines in Spanish schoolchildren and its association with insulin resistance: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Salas-González María Dolores , Bermejo Laura M. , González-Rodríguez Liliana G. , Lozano-Estevan María Del Carmen , Ortega Rosa M. , López-Sobaler Ana M. 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionBeing more active, being less sedentary, and sleeping enough are associated with adequate body weight and adiposity in children. However, few researchers have analyzed these different lifestyle behaviors and the adherence to 24 h movement guidelines with respect to insulin resistance (IR) at school age. Therefore, we aimed to analyse the association between the adherence to 24 h movement guidelines (physical activity, sedentary time, sleep) and IR in Spanish schoolchildren.MethodsA cross-sectional study of 839 children (8–13 years, 51.1% girls) were studied. Anthropometric, biochemical, and lifestyle behavioral data were collected. IR was defined as HOMA-IR&gt;3.16. Compliance with the 24 h movement guidelines were defined as ≥60 min/day of moderate and/or vigorous physical activity, &lt; 120 min/day of screen time, and 9–11 h/day of sleep time. Associations between adherence to the 24 h movement guidelines and IR were performed by multivariate logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe IR in our sample was 5.0%, being higher in girls. Compliance with physical activity or screen time, but not with sleep recommendations, was associated with lower fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR values. A low adherence to 24 h movement guidelines was associated with a higher risk of IR (odds ratio (95% CI): 2.150 [1.089–4.247]), especially in girls (odds ratio (95% CI): 2.800 [1.180–6.645]).ConclusionHigher physical activity levels and lower screen times were associated with a lower risk of IR in schoolchildren, underlining the importance of adhering to as many healthy lifestyle recommendations as possible.
Household food insecurity levels in Ethiopia: quantile regression approach
Authors: Wubetie Habtamu T. , Zewotir Temesgen , Mitku Aweke A. , Dessie Zelalem G. 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionNumerous natural and man-made factors have afflicted Ethiopia, and millions of people have experienced food insecurity. The current cut-points of the WFP food consumption score (FCS) have limitations in measuring the food insecurity level of different feeding patterns due to the diversified culture of the society. The aim of this study is to adapt the WFP food security score cut-points corrected for the different feeding cultures of the society using effect-driven quantile clustering.MethodThe 2012, 2014, and 2016 Ethiopian socio-economic household-based panel data set with a sample size of 3,835 households and 42 variables were used. Longitudinal quantile regression with fixed individual-specific location-shift intercept of the free distribution covariance structure was adopted to identify major indicators that can cluster and level quantiles of the FCS.ResultHousehold food insecurity is reduced through time across the quintiles of food security score distribution, mainly in the upper quantiles. The leveling based on effect-driven quantile clustering brings 35.5 and 49 as the FCS cut-points corrected for cultural diversity. This corrected FCS brings wider interval for food insecure households with the same interval range for vulnerable households, where the WFP FCS cut-points under estimate it by 7 score. Education level, employment, fertilizer usage, farming type, agricultural package, infrastructure-related factors, and environmental factors are found to be the significant contributing factors to food security. On the other hand, the age of the head of the household, dependency ratio, shock, and no irrigation in households make significant contributions to food insecurity. Moreover, households living in rural areas and farming crops on small lands are comparatively vulnerable and food insecure.ConclusionMeasuring food insecurity in Ethiopia using the WFP FCS cut-off points underestimates households’ food insecurity levels. Since the WFP FCS cut-points have universality and comparability limitations, there is a need for a universally accepted local threshold, corrected for local factors those resulted in different consumption patterns in the standardization of food security score. Accordingly, the quantile regression approach adjusts the WFP-FCS cut points by adjusting for local situations. Applying WFP cut-points will wrongly assign households on each level, so the proportion of households will be inflated for the security level and underestimated for the insecure level, and the influence of factors can also be wrongly recommended the food security score for the levels. The quantile clustering approach showed that cropping on a small land size would not bring about food security in Ethiopia. This favors the Ethiopian government initiative called integrated farming “ኩታ ገጠም እርሻ” which Ethiopia needs to develop and implement a system that fits and responds to this technology and infrastructure.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward COVID-19 prevention in Yemen: a community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Hassan Ola El Hajj , Al-Aghbari Ahmed Asa’ad , McGowan Maureen , Dar Iang Maureen , Basaleem Huda Omer , Al-Sakkaf Khaled Abdulla , Hyzam Dalia , Jahn Albrecht , Dureab Fekri 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundPandemics, especially in fragile war-torn countries like Yemen, challenge their already strained health systems. Community adherence to pandemic prevention measures is necessary to curb the severity and spread of emerging pandemics – which is influenced by factors, such as people’s knowledge and attitudes toward the pandemic. No studies in Aden have been published on the communities’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) toward COVID-19 prevention to date. To understand adherence to pandemic prevention measures in contexts with fragile health systems, this study investigated KAP of Yemeni participants toward the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsWe conducted face-to-face semi-structured questionnaires among 400 eligible participants whom were identified for participation in this study through systematic household sampling from eight districts in Aden, Yemen. Eligible participants were Yemeni community members who were ≥ 18 years, living for more than 10 years in Yemen, and were willing to voluntarily participate in the study. The questionnaire included questions surrounding the participants’ COVID-19 knowledge (e.g., awareness of spread and prevention), attitudes (e.g., willingness to accept the vaccine or other prevention measures), and prevention practices during the pandemic (e.g., mask wearing, social distancing, vaccine uptake). Total KAP scores were calculated. Univariate and bivariate statistical analyses were conducted using STATA 13 software.ResultsFrom January to May 2021 we conducted 400 questionnaires with Yemeni community members. The average age was 41.5 ± 14.5 years (range 18–86 years). The results demonstrated that the participants in this study had an intermediate knowledge (53%) and fair attitude (58%) scores. However, participants reported very poor COVID-19 prevention practices- with only 11% demonstrating these practices. Only 25% (100/400) practiced social distancing, 25% (98/400) wore a mask, and only 6% (27/400) of participants accepted (at least one dose of) the COVID-19 vaccine. Factors associated with increased knowledge were being male, married, and surprisingly those having a primary and middle school education levels (p &lt; 0.05). Also participants who were diagnosed with COVID-19 or had a family member diagnosed with COVID-19 (vs. those not diagnosed OR = 2.08, 95% CI 1.07–3.78, p &lt; 0.05) were more likely to know that the vaccine protects against severe COVID-19 infection and were more likely to apply good practices such as accepting the vaccine (OR = 2.65, 95% CI 1.17–6.00, p &lt; 0.05) compared to those who were not.ConclusionThese findings raise awareness for the need of community-oriented education programs for COVID-19 which considers associated factors to improve the level of public knowledge, attitudes, and practices.