bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of health sector strategic planning in Tanzania: What have we learnt and how can we improve?
Authors: Nabyonga‐Orem Juliet , Asamani James Avoka 
Published: December 2022

AbstractProgressive realization of Universal Health Coverage is inevitable given resource constraints. The incremental approach must be reflected in health sector strategic plans which serve as roadmaps. Using a matrix based on the health systems building blocks to extract data, we reviewed three successive sector strategies to assess priority issues addressed. We undertook a thematic synthesis to draw lessons and conclusion reported in this paper.Our review shows good practice as well as areas desiring attention if health sector strategic plans are to serve the intended purpose. Although all strategies were aligned to global and national development aspirations, were developed in a participatory manner they did not reflect the required incremental approach. The challenges to be addressed and the priorities remained largely the same over a 15‐year period. The strategies and key results areas to be implemented in the different strategies were numerous with funding gaps.Improving the utility of strategic plans requires improving both the process and content. Implied in this approach is the need for prioritised and affordable strategic plans that reflect incremental efforts to attaining long term targets coupled with strong trend analysis and monitoring. Additionally, we advocate for strategic plan with a longer timeframe perhaps 10 years with adjustments at regular intervals.
The HR ecosystem: Emerging trends and a future research agenda
Authors: Snell Scott A. , Swart Juani , Morris Shad , Boon Corine 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHuman resource leaders are experimenting with new approaches to organizing and utilizing workers that are not limited to the traditional boundaries of the firm, but rather expand to an ecosystem of work and organization. This special issue introduction article introduces a set of papers from management scholars discussing the ecosystem of work and organization and offers a roadmap for future research on HR ecosystems. An ecosystem perspective invites us to rethink our current frameworks to better link theory to practice. It also challenges us to shift our level of analysis from the organization to the ecosystem, asking: how is work organized and conducted within this complex and evolving context? These papers uncover trends related to (1) technological mediation, (2) impermanence and adaptation, and (3) shared governance. Our hope is that by framing these trends found within the research in this special issue that scholars will be provided a better road map in moving forward with their own research on the role of HR within the ecosystem of work and organization.
Association of screening status, polygenic risk score and environmental risk factors with colorectal cancer incidence and mortality risks
Authors: Ren Jiaojiao , Zhang Peidong , Li Zhihao , Zhang Xiru , Shen Dong , Chen Peiliang , Huang Qingmei , Gao Pingming , Mao Chen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhether screening can attenuate the influence of genetic risk and environmental risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality risk remains unknown. Our study is to investigate the association of the screening history, genetic risk and environmental risk factors with CRC incidence and mortality risks using UK Biobank data. Screening history was associated with lower CRC incidence (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.58‐0.69) and mortality risk (HR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.49‐0.63). Compared to the HRs of participants with a low genetic risk, low environmental risk and no screening history, the HRs of participants with a high genetic risk, high environmental risk and no screening history were 3.42 (95% CI: 2.76‐4.24) for CRC incidence and 3.36 (95% CI: 2.48‐4.56) for CRC mortality. In contrast, the HRs of participants with a high genetic risk and no screening history, but a low environmental risk, were 1.92 (95% CI: 1.55‐2.36) for CRC incidence and 1.88 (95% CI: 1.39‐2.53) for CRC mortality. Furthermore, the HRs of participants with a high genetic risk and a low environmental risk, but a screening history were 1.62 (95% CI: 1.15‐2.28) for CRC incidence and 1.77 (95% CI: 1.08‐2.89) for CRC mortality. Participants benefited more substantially from screenings for CRC mortality than for CRC incidence risk. A higher environmental risk was associated with higher risk of CRC incidence and mortality within each category of genetic risk. These findings emphasize the importance of CRC screening and identifying environmental factors to reduce CRC incidence and mortality risks.
Examining polymer‐protein biophysical interactions with small‐angle x‐ray scattering and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation
Authors: Upadhya Rahul , Di Mare Elena , Tamasi Matthew J. , Kosuri Shashank , Murthy N. Sanjeeva , Gormley Adam J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPolymer‐protein hybrids can be deployed to improve protein solubility and stability in denaturing environments. While previous work used robotics and active machine learning to inform new designs, further biophysical information is required to ascertain structure–function behavior. Here, we show the value of tandem small‐angle x‐ray scattering (SAXS) and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCMD) experiments to reveal detailed polymer‐protein interactions with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a test case. Of particular interest was the process of polymer‐protein complex formation under thermal stress whereby SAXS monitors formation in solution while QCMD follows these dynamics at an interface. The radius of gyration (Rg) of the protein as measured by SAXS does not change significantly in the presence of polymer under denaturing conditions, but thickness and dissipation changes were observed in QCMD data. SAXS data with and without thermal stress were utilized to create bead models of the potential complexes and denatured enzyme, and each model fit provided insight into the degree of interactions. Additionally, QCMD data demonstrated that HRP deforms by spreading upon surface adsorption at low concentration as shown by longer adsorption times and smaller frequency shifts. In contrast, thermally stressed and highly inactive HRP had faster adsorption kinetics. The combination of SAXS and QCMD serves as a framework for biophysical characterization of interactions between proteins and polymers which could be useful in designing polymer‐protein hybrids.
Post‐COVID‐19 fatal Aspergillus endocarditis: A case report
Authors: Najafi Narges , Moslemi Azam , Ghafari Rahman , Shayesteh Azar Shadi , Nabati Maryam , Faeli Leila , Salimi Maryam , Mirzakhani Roghayeh , Shokohi Tahereh 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundAspergillus endocarditis (AE) is a rare fatal infection. The infection is often reported in patients with prosthetic heart valves, immunosuppressed, broad‐spectrum antimicrobial use regimens, and drug abusers.MethodsHerein, we report a rare case of native mitral valve AE in a 63‐year‐old man, with a probable COVID‐19‐associated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis nine months ago treated with antifungals.ResultsIn the last admission, the lethargy, neurological deficit, and septic‐embolic brain abscess in brain MRI led to suspicion of infective endocarditis. Transesophageal two‐dimensional echocardiography and color Doppler flow velocity mapping showed a large highly mobile mass destroying leaflet and severe mitral regurgitation. The Surgical valve replacement is performed. The surgical valve replacement is performed. Direct microscopic examination and culture of the explanted and vegetative mass revealed Aspergillus section Fumiagati confirmed by molecular method. Despite the administration of voriconazole and transient improvement the patient expired.ConclusionAs AE is a late consequence of COVID‐19‐associated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, therefore, long‐term follow‐up of invasive aspergillosis, and prompt diagnosis of surgical and systemic antifungal therapy treatment, are warranted to provide robust management.
Post‐radiotherapy cribriform‐morular thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Or Koca Arzu , Güler Şimşek Gülçin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundAccording to the new 2022 World Health Organization classification of endocrine tumors, thyroid malignancy, formerly known as the cribriform‐morular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma, is now categorized as differentiated thyroid malignancy; it is, at present, called cribriform‐morular thyroid carcinoma and classified as a tumor of unknown histogenesis.Case ReportIn this case report, we report on a 15‐year‐old patient who underwent external radiotherapy to the neck for Hodgkin's disease and developed cribriform‐morular thyroid carcinoma 5 years after radiotherapy.ConclusionsWe believe that cribriform‐morular thyroid carcinoma with diffuse nuclear beta‐catenin expression has exciting and unresolved uncertainties that may affect disease prognosis and follow‐up for cytopathologists and endocrinologists.
A new method for Raman spectral analysis: Decision fusion‐based transfer learning model
Authors: Chen Chen , Ma Yuhua , Zhu Min , Yan Ziwei , Lv Xiaoyi , Chen Cheng , Tian Feng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAs an emerging technology for artificial intelligence‐aided medical diagnosis, deep learning combined with Raman spectroscopy has great potential. The technology still has some problems in the actual medical diagnosis research process. The differences in spectrometers, experimental conditions, and experimental operations can result in non‐uniform and universally applicable data standards, which in turn lead to low data utilization. At the same time, it is still necessary to retrain the models when building diagnostic models for different diseases, which is time‐consuming and laborious. In this paper, a more complete transfer learning model for multiple types of serum Raman spectra is established for the first time, and a decision fusion strategy is applied to this diagnostic model. The Raman spectral data of serum from hepatitis B patients/control group, serum from abnormal thyroid function patients/control group, and serum from glioma patients/control group were selected as the source domains, and the Raman spectral data of tissue from hepatitis C patients/control group, serum from esophageal cancer patients/control group, and tissue from cervical cancer and cervical inflammation (patients/control) group were selected as the target domains. Three deep neural network models, ResNet, GoogLeNet, and CNN‐LSTM were trained in the source domain data for disease diagnosis, and the trained models were transfer to the target domain. The model is fine‐tuned by freezing different layers and then combined with logistic regression algorithms to construct a decision fusion model, which further improves the model effect. The results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the accuracy of transfer learning models. At the same time, this experiment extends the application of transfer learning in Raman spectroscopy and demonstrates that unrelated and scale‐different Raman datasets are still intrinsically connected, which also lays the foundation for us to build more stable and data‐inclusive spectral transfer learning fusion models in the future.
The characteristic curvature (Cc) definition and its use in assessing Cc for single ionic surfactants
Authors: Leng Zhuotao , Acosta Edgar 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe hydrophilic–lipophilic‐difference (HLD) is a set of empirical equations that correlate the formulation conditions at phase inversion (HLD = 0). Based on partition studies for nonionic surfactants, the HLD can be interpreted as a normalized chemical potential difference between the surfactant dissolved in water and oil. The net‐average curvature (NAC) model extrapolates this interpretation into a curvature form that has been used to fit and predict the phase behavior of surfactant‐oil–water (SOW) systems. The curvature interpretation led to renaming the HLD surfactant parameter, sigma (σ), as the characteristic curvature (Cc). This work tests the validity of the curvature interpretation of the HLD, and the Cc concept, for single ionic surfactants and the use of this concept as a method to assess the Cc without the use of reference surfactants or alcohols. To this end, the net curvature of six anionic and two cationic surfactants was evaluated from solubilization data at the characteristic condition of 25°C, no added cosolvent, in the presence of an oil mixture with equivalent alkane carbon number (EACN) of zero, and as a function of salinity. These studies showed that the original HLD equation for ionic surfactant could not be interpreted as chemical potential or curvature because a salinity prefactor (coefficient) “bi” was missing. The revised equation, HLDbi = bi∙ln(S)‐kbi∙EACN+Ccbi ‐aTbi∙(T‐25°C), could now be interpreted as a curvature expression, and it was demonstrated that Cc could be obtained from curvature using the expression Cc = Ccbi/bi. This single surfactant method produces uncertainties that, for most surfactants, ranged from 0.2 to 1 Cc units, similar to the uncertainty obtained with the conventional method of Cc determination using mixtures of test and reference surfactants.
Nonfungible tokens (NFTs) in dermatology and health care: A guide for health care professionals
Authors: Sitaru Sebastian , Kaczmarczyk Robert , Zink Alexander 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA nonfungible token (NFT) represents an arbitrary piece of information, which can be created and exchanged on a blockchain, a type of public ledger secured by cryptographic algorithms. NFTs offer the possibility of leveraging blockchain technology‐related benefits, including verifiability, transparent execution, high availability and tamper‐resistance, for any tokenizable piece of information such as for example, clinical images in dermatology. In this narrative review, we explore current and potential future applications, as well as limitations of NFTs in health care. While health care applications for blockchains have been explored and implemented, NFTs have not yet been extensively studied in medical literature. Beyond the currently envisaged use in blood product tracking, consent management and an extension to electronic health records, the medical field and especially dermatology could benefit in other domains from this technology, including for clinical image safety, charge‐sensitive drug tracking and managing processes like referrals, lab orders, patient consent, legal claims such as malpractice, and improved availability and reliability of scientific data. The technology is limited by the sensitive nature of patient data, potentially counteracting the verifiability benefit, as well as accessibility for patients, and the technical skills required to create and maintain the infrastructure.
Post‐fire soil extracellular enzyme activities in subtropical–warm temperate climate transitional forests
Authors: Hu Mengjun , Wang Jiali , Lu Longlong , Shao Pengshuai , Zhou Zhenxing , Wang Dong , Han Shijie , Osborne Brooke , Chen Ji 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWildfire impacts on soil microbial community structure and functional activity have attracted a growing attention because of the higher sensitivity of soil microbes to wildfire. Soil extracellular enzymes play pivotal roles in biogeochemical processes, such as mediating carbon (C) and nutrient cycling. However, little is known about how post‐fire changes in soil biogeochemical properties and microbial community composition affect soil extracellular enzyme activities. This study explored the responses and regulating factors of C‐, nitrogen‐(N), and phosphorus‐(P) acquiring extracellular enzyme activities across a wildfire chronosequence (i.e., 1, 6, 13, and 50 years after fire) in subtropical–temperate ecotonal forests in Central China. The activities of C‐(β‐glucosidase), N‐(N‐acetylglucosaminidase), and P‐(acid phosphatase) acquiring enzymes declined with time post‐fire, with the highest values one‐year post‐fire. The response of C‐acquiring enzyme activity to fire was positively correlated with bacterial biomass, suggesting that microbial compositions were related to post‐fire changes in extracellular enzyme decomposition. The response of N‐acquiring enzyme activity to fire was positively correlated with soil P availability, while P‐acquiring enzyme activity was positively correlated with soil N availability. Overall, soil extracellular enzyme activity declined with time post‐fire, suggesting wildfire may reduce microbial demand for nutrients over time. Future research is needed to elucidate fire impacts on microbial processes for nutrient‐microbial‐enzyme linkages.
The newest Arctic islands and straits: Origin and distribution, 1997–2021
Authors: Ziaja Wieslaw , Haska Wojciech 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe appearance of new Arctic islands and straits as the result of landscape transformation due to tidewater glacier recession under climate warming continues. Analysis of available maps and satellite images has served herein as the main research method. Six new islands, each covering an area of 0.4–248 km2, appeared in the years 2018–2021, and are described in this paper. Three other new islands, ranging in area from 0.4 to 3.2 km2, appeared along the Greenland coast in 1997, 2001, and 2013, and are described here, and they have not yet been described elsewhere. Seven of the nine aforementioned new islands appeared in Greenland and the European Arctic, where all earlier 35 new islands and straits had appeared due to ice melting. However, two of these appeared in the Severnaya Zemlya area in 2018, becoming the first new islands in the Asiatic (Siberian) Arctic. Additional new islands are now at an advanced stage of formation, and several will appear in the 2020s in the case of a stabilization of the current climate or further warming.
Prevalence and clinical implications of germline mutations among Jordanian patients with ovarian cancer. The Jordanian exploratory cancer genetics (Jo‐ECAG) ovarian study
Authors: Abdel‐Razeq Hikmat , Al‐Azzam Khansa , Elemian Shatha , Abu‐Fares Hala , Abu Sheikha Areej , Bani Hani Hira , Bater Rayan , Sharaf Baha’ , Heald Brandie , Esplin Edward D. , Nielsen Sarah M. , Alkyam Mais , Abujamous Lama , Al‐Attary Areej 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundOvarian cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignancies. Due to the absence of effective screening methods, ovarian cancer is usually diagnosed at late stages. Patients with pathogenic and likely‐pathogenic germline variants (PGVs) in BRCA1 or BRCA2 harbor elevated risk of developing both ovarian and breast cancers. Identifying PGVs may help in both cancer prevention and active disease treatment. Worldwide prevalence of PGVs varies and the matter is poorly addressed among Arab patients.MethodsPatients with epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancers were offered the universal 20 or 84‐multi‐gene panel testing as per standard guidelines. Cascade family screening was also offered to all first and second‐degree relatives of PGV positive patients. Genetic testing was done at a referral lab using a next generation sequencing (NGS)‐based platform.ResultsDuring the study period, 152 patients, median age (range): 50 (18–79) years old, were tested. The majority (n = 100, 65.8%) had high‐grade serous carcinoma, and 106 patients (69.7%) had metastatic disease at presentation. In total, 38 (25.0%) had PGVs, while 47 (30.9%) others had variants of uncertain significance (VUS). PGVs were mostly in BRCA1 (n = 21, 13.8%) and in BRCA2 (n = 12, 7.9%), while 6 (3.9%) others had PGVs in non‐BRCA1/2 genes. PGV rates were significantly higher among 15 patients with a positive family history of ovarian cancer (60.0%, p = .022) and among 52 patients with a positive family history of breast cancer (40.4%, p = .017).ConclusionsPGVs are common among Jordanian women with ovarian cancer, and mostly occur in BRCA1/2. Given its clinical impact on disease prevention and precision therapy, universal testing should be routinely offered.
Aspects of xenobiotics and their receptors in stroke
Authors: Datta Aishika , Ghosh Bijoyani , Sarmah Deepaneeta , Chaudhary Antra , Borah Anupom , Bhattacharya Pallab 
Published: December 2022

AbstractStroke is devastating and the second leading cause of disability and death worldwide. The pathophysiology of stroke is intricate involving oxidative stress, ionic imbalance, and excitotoxicity leading to cell death. The current therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke primarily aim to restore cerebral blood flow by removing clots using intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy. However, hemorrhagic stroke requires different therapeutic interventions, where intravenous thrombolysis worsens the persistent condition. Nevertheless, the present treatment strategies do not provide effective neuroprotection as they have limitations such as narrow time window, specialized clinics and personnel, and higher expense. Therefore, studies on novel therapeutic strategies that can render neuroprotection over an extended time with minimum adverse effects are solicited. Xenobiotics are agents that are foreign to the biological system but can regulate their metabolism by binding to different xenobiotic receptors (XRs) to produce toxic substances. Modulation of XRs in different preclinical studies have shown benefits in the stroke outcome. Therefore, targeting XRs may be a future therapeutic strategy for stroke intervention. The present review briefly discusses various implications of xenobiotics and their receptors to evolve as a potential therapeutic target for prospective use as an adjunctive therapy for stroke.
Evaluate your credentials to assess whether skills are useful in the workplace, valuable to students
Authors: Sutton Halley 
Published: December 2022

CHICAGO — Can students actually demonstrate the skills they learn from your programs in a way that will better their life outcomes? And do employers understand the competencies students gain when they graduate from your institution? It's a question on the minds of many who work in higher education, and it has an impact for your institution in terms of showing students the value of their degree. And the landscape of college credentials is growing, leading to further confusion as each institution often has its own language for discussing similar skills or competencies.
Review on the Dewetting of the Particle‐Matrix Interface in Composite Solid Propellants
Authors: Zou Zi‐Jie , Qiang Hong‐Fu , Li Yi‐Yi , Wang Xue‐Ren 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDewetting is the main damage mode of composite solid propellants, and the research on the initiation mechanism and evolution process of dewetting damage is an important way to predict the mechanical properties and evaluate the life of propellants. In this paper, the experimental research and analytical methods of dewettingare reviewed at domestic and foreign from three dimensions: macro, meso and micro. On this basis, the reference solutions to the existing research problems are proposed, and the key research directions of interface dewetting in the future are pointed out. The analysis shows that the dewetting behavior of composite solid propellant is affected by multiple factors such as internal factors (particles, matrix, bonding agent) and external factors (temperature and humidity, aging, strain rate, confining pressure). At present, the mechanism of dewetting is not clear, so it is urgent to conduct experimental analysis and numerical simulation research on the interface at the micro level to analyze the physical and chemical properties of the interface. On the meso scale, it is necessary to increase research in the dewetting theoretical model considering multi factor coupling, the mechanical property experiment of particle‐matrix interface, and the fine construction of meso scale simulation model. On the macro scale, the dynamic analysis method of propellant dewetting under multiple complex loading conditions will be the focus of future research.