bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scientific CMOS Sensors in Astronomy: IMX455 and IMX411
Authors: Alarcon Miguel R. , Licandro Javier , Serra-Ricart Miquel , Joven Enrique , Gaitan Vicens , de Sousa Rebeca 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Scientific complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) detectors have developed quickly in recent years thanks to their low cost and high availability. They also have some advantages over charge-coupled devices (CCDs), such as high frame rate or typically lower readout noise. These sensors started to be used in astronomy following the development of the first back-illuminated models. Therefore, it is worth studying their characteristics, advantages, and weaknesses. One of the most widespread CMOS sensors are those from the Sony IMX series, which are included in large astronomical survey projects based on small and fast telescopes because of their low cost, and capability for wide-field and high-cadence surveys. In this paper, we aim to characterize the IMX455M and IMX411M sensors, which are integrated into the QHY600 and QHY411 cameras, respectively, for use in astronomical observations. These are large (36 × 24 and 54 × 40 mm) native 16 bit sensors with 3.76 μm pixels and are sensitive in the optical range. We present the results of the laboratory characterization of both cameras. They showed a very low dark current of 0.011 and 0.007 e− px−1 s−1 @–10°C for the QHY600 and QHY411 cameras, respectively. They also show the presence of warm pixels, ∼0.024% in the QHY600 and 0.005% in the QHY411. Warm pixels proved to be stable and linear with exposure time, and are therefore easily corrected using dark frames. Pixels affected by the Salt & Pepper noise are ∼2% of the total and a method to correct for this effect is presented. Both cameras were attached to night telescopes and several on-sky tests were performed to prove their capabilities. On-sky tests demonstrate that these CMOS behave as well as CCDs of similar characteristics and (for example) they can attain photometric accuracies of a few mili-magnitudes.
Star-image Centering with Deep Learning: HST/WFPC2 Images
Authors: Casetti-Dinescu Dana I. , Girard Terrence M. , Baena-Gallé Roberto , Martone Max , Schwendemann Kate 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A deep learning (DL) algorithm is built and tested for its ability to determine centers of star images in HST/WFPC2 exposures, in filters F555W and F814W. These archival observations hold great potential for proper-motion studies, but the undersampling in the camera’s detectors presents challenges for conventional centering algorithms. Two exquisite data sets of over 600 exposures of the cluster NGC 104 in these filters are used as a testbed for training and evaluating the DL code. Results indicate a single-measurement standard error from 8.5 to 11 mpix, depending on the detector and filter. This compares favorably to the ∼20 mpix achieved with the customary “effective point spread function (PSF)” centering procedure for WFPC2 images. Importantly, the pixel-phase error is largely eliminated when using the DL method. The current tests are limited to the central portion of each detector; in future studies, the DL code will be modified to allow for the known variation of the PSF across the detectors.
MHD stability of negative triangularity DIII-D plasmas
Authors: Boyes W. , Turco F. , Hanson J. , Marinoni A. , Turnbull A. , Austin M. , Navratil G. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Negative triangularity (NT) experiments in DIII-D point to an emergent reactor scenario free of sawteeth, endowed with benign, nondisruptive n = 2 tearing modes, which experience q
min

⩾

1 similar to the positive triangularity hybrid scenario. Plasmas exhibiting this behavior attain

β

N

>
3

, high enough to reconsider long held views of NT stability. Ideal MHD and tearing stability analysis of well-diagnosed equilibrium reconstructions of experimental hybrid-like plasmas predict that among shape parameters, MHD stability limits are only sensitive to average triangularity. Operation is predicted to be possible at

β

N

relevant to upcoming tokamaks and commercial NT reactors.
Application of sensor structures based on a photoelectric transducer to determine the activity of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases in blood plasma
Authors: Kozinetz Aleksey , Tsymbalyuk Olga , Litvinenko Sergii 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The successful application of a recombination sensor for the real-time detection of transaminasethe detection of transaminase activities (ALT/AST) in the blood plasma of rats has been demonstrated. The parameter directly measured in real time is the photocurrent through the structure with buried silicon barrier when light with high absorption coefficient is used. Detection is realized as a result of specific chemical reactions catalyzed by ALT and AST enzymes (α-ketoglutarate + aspartate and α-ketoglutarate + alanine). The change of the effective charge of the reagents allows recording the activity of enzymes from photocurrent measurements. The main factor in this approach is the influence on the parameters of the recombination centers at the interface. The physical mechanism of the sensor structure can be explained within the framework of the Stevenson theory, taking into account the changes in the pre surface band bending, the capture cross sections and the energy position of the recombination levels during adsorption. The paper also offers theoretical analyze allowing optimization of analytical signals of recombination sensor. A promising approach to develop a simple and sensitive method for real time detection of transaminases activity has been discussed in detail.
Do quantum circuit Born machines generalize?
Authors: Gili Kaitlin , Hibat-Allah Mohamed , Mauri Marta , Ballance Chris , Perdomo-Ortiz Alejandro 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In recent proposals of quantum circuit models for generative tasks, the discussion about their performance has been limited to their ability to reproduce a known target distribution. For example, expressive model families such as quantum circuit Born machines (QCBMs) have been almost entirely evaluated on their capability to learn a given target distribution with high accuracy. While this aspect may be ideal for some tasks, it limits the scope of a generative model’s assessment to its ability to memorize data rather than generalize. As a result, there has been little understanding of a model’s generalization performance and the relation between such capability and the resource requirements, e.g. the circuit depth and the amount of training data. In this work, we leverage upon a recently proposed generalization evaluation framework to begin addressing this knowledge gap. We first investigate the QCBM’s learning process of a cardinality-constrained distribution and see an increase in generalization performance while increasing the circuit depth. In the 12-qubit example presented here, we observe that with as few as

30
%

of the valid data in the training set, the QCBM exhibits the best generalization performance toward generating unseen and valid data. Lastly, we assess the QCBM’s ability to generalize not only to valid samples, but to high-quality bitstrings distributed according to an adequately re-weighted distribution. We see that the QCBM is able to effectively learn the reweighted dataset and generate unseen samples with higher quality than those in the training set. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work in the literature that presents the QCBM’s generalization performance as an integral evaluation metric for quantum generative models, and demonstrates the QCBM’s ability to generalize to high-quality, desired novel samples.
Importance nested sampling with normalising flows
Authors: Williams Michael J , Veitch John , Messenger Chris 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We present an improved version of the nested sampling algorithm nessai in which the core algorithm is modified to use importance weights. In the modified algorithm, samples are drawn from a mixture of normalising flows and the requirement for samples to be independently and identically distributed (i.i.d.) according to the prior is relaxed. Furthermore, it allows for samples to be added in any order, independently of a likelihood constraint, and for the evidence to be updated with batches of samples. We call the modified algorithm i-nessai. We first validate i-nessai using analytic likelihoods with known Bayesian evidences and show that the evidence estimates are unbiased in up to 32 dimensions. We compare i-nessai to standard nessai for the analytic likelihoods and the Rosenbrock likelihood, the results show that i-nessai is consistent with nessai whilst producing more precise evidence estimates. We then test i-nessai on 64 simulated gravitational-wave signals from binary black hole coalescence and show that it produces unbiased estimates of the parameters. We compare our results to those obtained using standard nessai and dynesty and find that i-nessai requires 2.68 and 13.3 times fewer likelihood evaluations to converge, respectively. We also test i-nessai of an 80 s simulated binary neutron star signal using a reduced-order-quadrature basis and find that, on average, it converges in 24 min, whilst only requiring

1.01
×

10

6

likelihood evaluations compared to

1.42
×

10

6

for nessai and

4.30
×

10

7

for dynesty. These results demonstrate that i-nessai is consistent with nessai and dynesty whilst also being more efficient.
The stability of inorganic perovskite solar cells: from materials to devices
Authors: Yu Bingcheng , Tan Shan , Li Dongmei , Meng Qingbo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Inorganic halide perovskite solar cells (IHPSCs) have become one of the most promising research hotspots due to to the excellent light and thermal stabilities of inorganic halide perovskites (IHPs). Despite rapid progress in cell performance in very recent years, the phase instability of IHPs easily occurs, which will remarkably influence the cell efficiency and stability. Much effort has been devoted to solving this issue. In this review, we focus on representative progress in the stability from IHPs to IHPSCs, including (i) a brief introduction of inorganic perovskite materials and devices, (ii) some new additives and fabrication methods, (iii) thermal and light stabilities, (iv) tailoring phase stability, (v) optimization of the stability of inorganic perovskite solar cells and (vi) interfacial engineering for stability enhancement. Finally, perspectives will be given regarding future work on highly efficient and stable IHPSCs. This review aims to provide a thorough understanding of the key influential factors on the stability of materials to highly efficient and stable IHPSCs.
LENS: Landscape of Effective Neoantigens Software
Authors: Vensko Steven P , Olsen Kelly , Bortone Dante , Smith Christof C , Chai Shengjie , Beckabir Wolfgang , Fini Misha , Jadi Othmane , Rubinsteyn Alex , Vincent Benjamin G 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Elimination of cancer cells by T cells is a critical mechanism of anti-tumor immunity and cancer immunotherapy response. T cells recognize cancer cells by engagement of T cell receptors with peptide epitopes presented by major histocompatibility complex molecules on the cancer cell surface. Peptide epitopes can be derived from antigen proteins coded for by multiple genomic sources. Bioinformatics tools used to identify tumor-specific epitopes via analysis of DNA and RNA-sequencing data have largely focused on epitopes derived from somatic variants, though a smaller number have evaluated potential antigens from other genomic sources.

Results
We report here an open-source workflow utilizing the Nextflow DSL2 workflow manager, Landscape of Effective Neoantigens Software (LENS), which predicts tumor-specific and tumor-associated antigens from single nucleotide variants, insertions and deletions, fusion events, splice variants, cancer-testis antigens, overexpressed self-antigens, viruses, and endogenous retroviruses. The primary advantage of LENS is that it expands the breadth of genomic sources of discoverable tumor antigens using genomics data. Other advantages include modularity, extensibility, ease of use, and harmonization of relative expression level and immunogenicity prediction across multiple genomic sources. We present an analysis of 115 acute myeloid leukemia samples to demonstrate the utility of LENS. We expect LENS will be a valuable platform and resource for T cell epitope discovery bioinformatics, especially in cancers with few somatic variants where tumor-specific epitopes from alternative genomic sources are an elevated priority.

Availability and implementation
More information about LENS, including code, workflow documentation, and instructions, can be found at (https://gitlab.com/landscape-of-effective-neoantigens-software).
Advances in understanding the function of alpha-synuclein: implications for Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Calabresi Paolo , Di Lazzaro Giulia , Marino Gioia , Campanelli Federica , Ghiglieri Veronica 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The critical role of alpha-synuclein in Parkinson’s disease represents a pivotal discovery. Some progress has been made over recent years in identifying disease-modifying therapies for Parkinson’s disease that target alpha-synuclein. However, these treatments have not yet shown clear efficacy in slowing the progression of this disease. Several explanations exist for this issue. The pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease is complex and not yet fully clarified and the heterogeneity of the disease, with diverse genetic susceptibility and risk factors and different clinical courses, adds further complexity. Thus, a deep understanding of alpha-synuclein physiological and pathophysiological functions is crucial.
In this review, we first describe the cellular and animal models developed over recent years to study the physiological and pathological roles of this protein, including transgenic techniques, use of viral vectors and intracerebral injections of alpha-synuclein fibrils. We then provide evidence that these tools are crucial for modelling Parkinson’s disease pathogenesis, causing protein misfolding and aggregation, synaptic dysfunction, brain plasticity impairment and cell-to-cell spreading of alpha-synuclein species. In particular, we focus on the possibility of dissecting the pre- and postsynaptic effects of alpha-synuclein in both physiological and pathological conditions. Finally, we show how vulnerability of specific neuronal cell types may facilitate systemic dysfunctions leading to multiple network alterations.
These functional alterations underlie diverse motor and non-motor manifestations of Parkinson’s disease that occur before overt neurodegeneration. However, we now understand that therapeutic targeting of alpha-synuclein in Parkinson’s disease patients requires caution, since this protein exerts important physiological synaptic functions. Moreover, the interactions of alpha-synuclein with other molecules may induce synergistic detrimental effects. Thus, targeting only alpha-synuclein might not be enough. Combined therapies should be considered in the future.
P2X7 receptor-mediated depression-like reactions arising in the mouse medial prefrontal cortex
Authors: Ren Wen-Jing , Zhao Ya-Fei , Li Jie , Rubini Patrizia , Yuan Zeng-Qiang , Tang Yong , Illes Peter 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Major depressive disorder is a frequent and debilitating psychiatric disease. We have shown in some of the acute animal models of major depressive disorder (tail suspension test and forced swim test) that depression-like behavior can be aggravated in mice by the microinjection into the medial prefrontal cortex of the P2X7R agonistic adenosine 5′-triphosphate or its structural analog dibenzoyl-ATP, and these effects can be reversed by the P2X7R antagonistic JNJ-47965567. When measuring tail suspension test, the prolongation of immobility time by the P2YR agonist adenosine 5′-[β-thio]diphosphate and the reduction of the adenosine 5′-(γ-thio)triphosphate effect by P2Y1R (MRS 2179) or P2Y12R (PSB 0739) antagonists, but not by JNJ-47965567, all suggest the involvement of P2YRs. In order to elucidate the localization of the modulatory P2X7Rs in the brain, we recorded current responses to dibenzoyl-ATP in layer V astrocytes and pyramidal neurons of medial prefrontal cortex brain slices by the whole-cell patch-clamp procedure; the current amplitudes were not altered in preparations taken from tail suspension test or foot shock-treated mice. The release of adenosine 5′-triphosphate was decreased by foot shock, although not by tail suspension test both in the hippocampus and PFC. In conclusion, we suggest, that in the medial prefrontal cortex, acute stressful stimuli cause supersensitivity of P2X7Rs facilitating the learned helplessness reaction.
Takotsubo syndrome: getting closer to its causes
Authors: Akhtar Mohammed Majid , Cammann Victoria L , Templin Christian , Ghadri Jelena R , Lüscher Thomas F 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) accounts for between 1 and 4% of cases presenting clinically as an acute coronary syndrome. It typically presents as a transient cardiac phenotype of left ventricular dysfunction with spontaneous recovery. More dramatic presentations may include cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest. Despite progress in the understanding of the condition since its first description in 1990, considerable questions remain into understanding underlying pathomechanisms. In this review article, we describe the current published data on potential underlying mechanisms associated with the onset of TTS including sympathetic nervous system over-stimulation, structural and functional alterations in the central nervous system, catecholamine secretion, alterations in the balance and distribution of adrenergic receptors, the additive impact of hormones including oestrogen, epicardial coronary or microvascular spasm, endothelial dysfunction, and genetics as potentially contributing to the cascade of events leading to the onset. These pathomechanisms provide suggestions for novel potential therapeutic strategies in patients with TTS including the role of cognitive behavioural therapy, beta-blockers, and endothelin-A antagonists. The underlying mechanism of TTS remains elusive. In reality, physical or emotional stressors likely trigger through the amygdala and hippocampus a central neurohumoral activation with the local and systemic secretion of excess catecholamine and other neurohormones, which exert its effect on the myocardium through a metabolic switch, altered cellular signalling, and endothelial dysfunction. These complex pathways exert a regional activation in the myocardium through the altered distribution of adrenoceptors and density of autonomic innervation as a protective mechanism from myocardial apoptosis. More research is needed to understand how these different complex mechanisms interact with each other to bring on the TTS phenotype.
Human antigen R regulates autophagic flux by stabilizing autophagy-associated mRNA in calcific aortic valve disease
Authors: Fang Juan , Qian Yi , Chen Jinyong , Xu Dilin , Cao Naifang , Zhu Gangjie , Hu Wangxing , Hu Haochang , Qian Ningjing , Yang Shuangshuang , Wang Jian’an , Liu Xianbao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Aims
The incidence of calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) has risen over the last decade and is expected to continue rising; however, pharmacological approaches have proven ineffective. In this study, we evaluated the role and underlying mechanisms of human antigen R (HuR)–mediated post-transcriptional regulation in CAVD.

Methods and results
We found that HuR was significantly upregulated in human calcified aortic valves and primary aortic valvular interstitial cells (VICs) following osteogenic stimulation. Subsequent functional studies revealed that HuR silencing ameliorated calcification both in vitro and in vivo. For the first time, we demonstrated that HuR directly interacted with the transcript of phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase, type II, alpha (PIP4K2A), which mediates phosphatidylinositol signalling, facilitates autophagy, and acts as an mRNA stabilizer. HuR positively modulated PIP4K2A expression at the post-transcriptional level and consequently influenced the AKT/mTOR/ATG13 pathway to regulate autophagy and CAVD progression.

Conclusion
Our study provides new insights into the post-transcriptional regulatory role of HuR in modulating autophagy-positive factors to regulate the pathogenesis of CAVD. Our findings highlight the potential of HuR as an innovative therapeutic target in CAVD treatment.
Method Comparison and Workflow Differences Using the Same Free Light Chain Assay on 2 Analyzer Platforms
Authors: Omosule Catherine L , Hock Karl G , Dalton Claire , Scalpati Anthony , Gronowski Ann M , Brants Aigars , Farnsworth Christopher W 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
The Freelite assay (The Binding Site) is utilized to quantify serum immunoglobulin free light chains (sFLC), which is crucial for diagnosing and monitoring plasma cell dyscrasias (PCDs). Using the Freelite test, we compared methods and evaluated workflow differences across two analyzer platforms.

Methods
sFLC concentrations were measured in 306 fresh serum specimens (cohort A) and 48 frozen specimens with documented sFLC &gt;20 mg/dL (cohort B). Specimens were analyzed on the Roche cobas 8000 and Optilite analyzers using the Freelite κ and λ assays. Performance was compared using Deming regression. Workflow was compared by assessing turnaround time (TAT) and reagent usage.

Results
For cohort A specimens, Deming regression revealed a slope of 1.04 (95% CI, 0.88–1.02) and an intercept of −0.77 (95% CI, −0.57 to 1.85) for sFLCκ and a slope of 0.90 (95% CI, −0.04 to 1.83) and intercept of 1.59 (95% CI, −3.12 to 6.25) for sFLCλ. Regression of the κ/λ ratio revealed a slope of 2.44 (95% CI, 1.47–3.41) and intercept of −8.13 (95% CI, −16.82 to 0.58) with a concordance kappa of 0.80 (95% CI, 0.69–0.92). The proportion of specimens with TAT &gt;60 min was 0.33% and 8% for the Optilite and cobas, respectively (P &lt; 0.001). The Optilite required 49 (P &lt; 0.001) and 12 (P = 0.016) fewer tests for sFLCκ and sFLCλ relative to the cobas. Cohort B specimens showed similar but more dramatic results.

Conclusions
Analytical performance of the Freelite assays was comparable on the Optilite and cobas 8000 analyzers. In our study, the Optilite required less reagent, had a slightly reduced TAT, and eliminated manual dilutions for samples with sFLC concentrations &gt;20 mg/dL.