bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Search for Enhanced σ‐Donor Ligands to Stabilize Boron‐Boron Multiple Bonds
Authors: Trujillo‐González Daniel E. , González‐García Gerardo , Hamlin Trevor A. , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias , Braunschweig Holger , Jiménez‐Halla J. Oscar C. , Solà Miquel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBoron‐boron multiple bonds, such as those found in diborenes and diborynes, are typically stabilized by σ‐donor ligands that furnish electron density to these otherwise electron‐deficient species. These compounds are not only of fundamental importance in the study of chemical bonding, but can also activate small molecules in a chemistry reminiscent of that carried out by transition metals. In the pursuit of designing new and improved σ‐donor ligands to stabilize diborenes and diborynes suitable to activate small molecules, we performed density functional calculations to evaluate the Lewis basicity of a series of σ‐donor ligands. For this evaluation, we analysed the interaction between the boranes and the σ‐donor ligands in model systems L→BX3 (X=F and Me) using energy decomposition analyses. We found that electronic bond energies of the L→BX3 adducts correlate well with the ionization energies of the ligands and that ligands with high or medium basicity stabilize diborynes better than ligands with low basicity. We also learnt that beryllium‐based ligands are promising since they are able to stabilize L→B≡B←L diborynes without significantly reducing the triple bond character of the B≡B bond.
Developing an industry‐inspired and engaging interdisciplinary unit for undergraduate engineering students: A depiction of the operations management unit at the University of Manchester
Authors: Yunusa‐Kaltungo Akilu , Jungudo Rukaiyatu Mohammed 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEngineering students hardly allocate equal level of engagement to their management units, even when such units are very complex or whether the teacher is from within or outside engineering disciplines, which often reduces student engagement as well as the accomplishments of the entire cohort. Although it is well‐established that the structure, format, and content of units' assessments play vital roles in how much university students interact with their units, there are compelling evidence for and against the efficacy of different assessment methods deployable by educators that teach management units. Therefore, the focus of this study is to ascertain the reason(s) for the subpar interest in management units by engineering students. Data was gathered using Fishbone diagrams (FBDs) that depicted possible root causes of the research question. In addition to data generation, the use of FBDs also enabled deeper understanding of continuous improvement and increased the response rates. Responses showed that “perception of engineering” and “nature of contents” were the most prominent root cause groups. Further observations depicted that the perception of engineering among the students is that of an entirely technical discipline, thereby making science, engineering, technology, and mathematics units the most important. Furthermore, several respondents underrated the contents of management units, due to insufficient alignment with emerging engineering concepts as well as their inadequate academic challenge. To examine the influence of the implemented changes to assessment method on students' achievements, the performance indicators of five different cohorts were compared, and the outcomes of the comparison depicted a consistent pattern of students' attainment. Furthermore, a students' scores match of >95% was observed between cohorts, which so far indicates consistency.
Cancer stem cell‐immune cell collusion in immunotherapy
Authors: Wang Yuan‐Yuan , Wang Wen‐Da , Sun Zhi‐Jun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractImmunotherapy has pioneered a new era of tumor treatment, in which the immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) exerts significant superiority in overcoming tumor immune escape. However, the formation of an immune‐suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and the lack of effective activation of the immune response have become major obstacles limiting its development. Emerging reports indicate that cancer stem cells (CSCs) potentially play important roles in treatment resistance and progressive relapse, while current research is usually focused on CSCs themselves. In this review, we mainly emphasize the collusions between CSCs and tumor‐infiltrating immune cells. We focus on the summary of CSC‐immune cell crosstalk signaling pathways in ICB resistance and highlight the application of targeted drugs to improve the ICB response.
Development of a 3’3’‐Cyclic GMP‐AMP Enzyme Linked Immunoassay Reveals Phage Infection Reduces DncV Activity
Authors: Wilburn Kaylee M. , Blaylock Julianna B. , Metcalfe Kerry C. , Hsueh Brian Y. , Tew Daniel J. , Waters Christopher M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEast Lansing, MI 48824 Cyclic di‐nucleotides (CDNs) are central signaling molecules in organisms spanning the tree of life. In bacteria, CDNs mediate many important physiological functions such as biofilm formation, motility, and virulence. CDNs are also implicated in activation of cellular biological defense systems in both bacteria and eukaryotes. In bacteria, the CDN 3’3’‐cyclic GMP‐AMP (3’3’‐cGAMP) activates a putative phage defense system in Vibrio cholerae and controls central physiological processes in Geobacter sulfurreducens and Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus. Therefore, access to a rapid, accurate 3’3’‐cGAMP quantification assay would enable further studies of this signaling molecule. Here, we describe validation of a novel 3’3’‐cGAMP enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) developed by Cayman Chemicals. We demonstrate that the concentrations of 3’3’‐cGAMP determined by this ELISA strongly correlate with those obtained using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). Furthermore, during these studies we show that the V. cholerae 3’3’‐cGAMP synthase, DncV, when expressed by itself in Escherichia coli, is not activated by phage infection.
Activity‐Based Protein Profiling – Enabling Phenotyping of Host‐Associated and Environmental Microbiomes
Authors: Wright Aaron T. , Hudson LaRae A. , Garcia Whitney L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHost‐associated and environmental microbiomes play central roles in human health, biogeochemical cycling, response to ecosystem change, and agriculture. Scientific approaches that can reveal the functional activities that contribute to observed phenotypes are needed in microbiome research. Broad characterization of the functional activity of microbes within microbiomes is currently hampered by approaches that rely on inference of function from metagenomes or indirect measurements. Activity‐based protein profiling is uniquely positioned to overcome these challenges and reveal the protein‐level mechanisms associated with microbiome phenotypes. In this review we describe the progress made to date using ABPP in gut microbiome, plant‐microbe interaction, and soil microbiome research, and suggest how ABPP data can be coupled with advanced computational methods to enable phenotype prediction and bioengineering of microbiomes for applied purposes.
The impact of justified corporate governance changes against exchange rate exposure in North Cyprus
Authors: Avcın Mustafa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study seeks to use the legally required governance reforms of the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act of 2002, the Financial Reporting Council 2012–2018 and the EU COM 2012–2014 to investigate the relationship between corporate governance performance, exchange rate exposure and hedging by using two governance indexes based on a more comprehensive model previously constructed. The paper is one of the first to adopt the measures that state the importance of internal (corporate culture) and external (corporate legality) governance qualities that help prevent exchange rate exposure and improve trade and hedging. The examination is conducted by using the ARCH and ARMA models as well as a two‐factor and a multiple‐factor model to capture the variations that significantly account for variations in the exchange rate exposure, net trade, and stock market returns. Empirical results revealed that an improvement in corporate governance indexes is associated with a greater reduction in exchange rate exposure, an increase in net trade, and more hedging at the firm level. In addition, adoption of the corporate legality measures has a greater impact on exchange rate exposure and hedging than corporate culture measures.
What type of central banker dampens the political business cycle? The case of Africa
Authors: Strong Christine 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article investigates the extent to which central bank independence can help to reduce political business cycles in Africa. Like previous studies, we find evidence of political cycles in our sample of 34 African countries for the period 1980–2018, but our findings show that politicians' ability to manipulate both fiscal and monetary policy depends on the degree of alliance between the fiscal authority and the monetary authority. Indeed, our analysis reveals that the political business cycle worsens when the central banker is an ally whereas a non‐ally central banker is associated with a decrease in the ability of the incumbent government to induce opportunistic political cycles, and this result holds, regardless of whether an African country is classified as a democracy or a dictatorship. In addition to that, despite the theoretical argument that political business cycles are unlikely to exist in dictatorships, we find evidence that both political budget and monetary cycles are prevalent in African dictatorships.
Dynamic responsiveness of self‐assembling peptide‐based nano‐drug systems
Authors: Wang Yuhan , Zhan Jie , Huang Jinyan , Wang Xing , Chen Zehong , Yang Zhimou , Li Jie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDynamic‐responsive self‐assembly is the process of ordered supramolecular structure formation or reversible decomposition from building blocks. This process is driven by non‐covalent interactions based on complex stimulus‐responsive systems comprising different components within a microenvironment. Furthermore, stimuli‐responsive assembly‐disassembly is an intrinsic interaction process in organisms, indispensable in maintaining life activities and functions. However, the dynamic interactions between dynamically responsive nano‐drug systems (DRNSs) and biological systems remain unpredictable, which are a challenge for the precisely targeted therapy and controlled drug release of DRNSs in vivo. This review highlights novel self‐assembling peptide‐based nano‐drug systems and their biological interactions. By precisely controlling the shape and size of self‐assembled peptide nanomaterials, biologically simulated components with diverse biological functions and precise transport at the subcellular level can be achieved. We have also summarized the limitations and challenges of responsive self‐assembling peptide nanomaterials in clinical translation. Additionally, we have discussed the future perspectives of supramolecular therapeutics using signaling molecule gradient concentrations and efficiencies and highlighted the direction for developing clinically translatable smart nanomedicines.
Clinical applications of non‐invasive multi and hyperspectral imaging of cell and tissue autofluorescence beyond oncology
Authors: Campbell Jared M. , Mahbub Saabah B. , Habibalahi Abbas , Agha Adnan , Handley Shannon , Anwer Ayad G. , Goldys Ewa M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHyperspectral and multispectral imaging of cell and tissue autofluorescence employs fluorescence imaging, without exogenous fluorophores, across multiple excitation/emission combinations (spectral channels). This produces an image stack where each pixel (matched by location) contains unique information about the sample's spectral properties. Analysis of this data enables access to a rich, molecularly specific data set from a broad range of cell‐native fluorophores (autofluorophores) directly reflective of biochemical status, without use of fixation or stains. This non‐invasive, non‐destructive technology has great potential to spare the collection of biopsies from sensitive regions. As both staining and biopsy may be impossible, or undesirable, depending on the context, this technology great diagnostic potential for clinical decision making. The main research focus has been on the identification of neoplastic tissues. However, advances have been made in diverse applications—including ophthalmology, cardiovascular health, neurology, infection, assisted reproduction technology and organ transplantation.
Positive effects of low‐dose photodynamic therapy with aminolevulinic acid or its methyl ester in skin rejuvenation and wound healing: An update
Authors: Zhang YuWei , Liu Wei , Wang Qian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn dermatology, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is widely used in skin tumors, infections, etc., because of the killing effect triggered by toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the ROS concentration is determined by various photosensitizer concentrations and formulations, as well as various irradiation parameters. Low‐dose PDT leads to sufficiently low ROS level, which results in biological effects that are the exact opposite of the killing potency. Therefore, in recent years, low‐dose PDT has been exploited in improving aging and wound. Low‐dose ALA/MAL PDT might improve aging through promoting the proliferation of fibroblasts, blocking DNA damage, counteracting oxidative stress, inhibiting melanogenesis, and remodeling lymphatic vessels in aged skin. Promoting fibroblasts and epidermal stem cells proliferation and migration, promoting granulation tissue formation and angiogenesis and regulating the inflammatory process might be the mechanisms of low‐dose ALA/MAL PDT in wound healing. Nevertheless, the positive effects of low‐dose PDT have not been thoroughly investigated in dermatology, and high‐quality studies are still needed to fill the relevant vacancy.
On the atomistic origin of the polymorphism and the dielectric physical properties of beryllium oxide
Authors: Reitz Linda S. , Müller Peter C. , Schnieders David , Dronskowski Richard , Choi Woon Ih , Son Won‐Joon , Jang Inkook , Kim Dae Sin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPolymorphic beryllium oxide has been theoretically investigated from first principles as regards orbital occupancies, chemical bonding, polarization, as well as dielectric properties. By means of Crystal‐Orbital Bond Index (COBI) analysis, the important role of the 2p orbitals on beryllium has been elucidated, in particular in terms of the correlation between polarization and beryllium‐atom displacement, including the impact of the latter on the covalency of the BeO bond. In addition, several structural possibilities for a BexMg1−xO solid solution have been investigated for a Be content between 6% and 22%; for those, dynamically stable structures have been found, displaying large polarization values, more covalent BeO bonds, and a tendency for tetrahedral Be coordination. The dynamically unstable structures, however, resemble rock‐salt BeO in their local structural properties around the Be atom. High dielectric constants and band gaps indicating insulating behavior have been found for those.
Force‐dependent motion reversal in quantum rocking ratchets
Authors: Rozenbaum Viktor M. , Shapochkina Irina V. , Teranishi Yoshiaki , Witek Henryk A. , Trakhtenberg Leonid I. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIt is well known that at low temperatures, the direction of motion for a quantum rocking ratchet in an asymmetric periodic potential (with a period and an energy barrier ), driven by an external fluctuating force (), can be opposite to the direction for the analogous classical ratchet operating at high temperature (Reimann et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 1997, 79, 10). In the present work, within the semiclassical approximation and taking into account zero‐point fluctuations of a quantum particle in the minima of a sawtooth potential of an arbitrary asymmetry at the temperature of absolute zero, we obtain analytical expressions for the tunneling current in the rocking ratchet. These expressions allowed us to obtain the dependencies of the ratio , at which the motion direction is reversed, on the asymmetry parameter and other parameters of the system. Similar results are obtained for a particle in a two‐sinusoidal potential.
Need for closure and ethnic identification: The varied roles of cultural intelligence in a multiethnic group society
Authors: Olonisakin Tosin Tunrayo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMultiethnic group countries are distinctive in that ethnic identification/loyalty and national identification/loyalty sometimes contend. In addition, the different ethnic groups that make up these countries though interdependent compete for relevance. Such a mode of social relationship creates uncertainty and heightens the consciousness of group survival. These characteristics make African countries rich sites for the investigation of intergroup relations. Given this context, the need for closure and cultural intelligence were examined in relation to ethnic identification. Data were collected via the use of questionnaires from a sample of undergraduate students drawn from different ethnic groups. Findings show that the need for closure and cultural intelligence are directly related to ethnic identification. Also, cultural intelligence was a significant moderator of the relationship between need for closure and ethnic identification. Findings suggest that cultural intelligence may encourage an open‐mindedness which could help promote successful social interactions in multigroup countries. In addition, the results of this study support theoretical and empirical positions that have advanced group interdependence as a potent tool for intergroup cooperation.
ICAM‐1‐mediated osteoblast‐T lymphocyte direct interaction increases mineralization through TGF‐β1 suppression
Authors: Singhatanadgit Weerachai , Olsen Irwin , Young Anne 
Published: January 2023

AbstractModulation of osteoblast functions by T lymphocytes is important in inflammation‐associated mineralized tissue diseases. The study aimed to determine whether direct interaction between these two cell types affects osteoblast functions and mineralization. The results showed that direct contact between the two cell types was evident by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Under osteogenic induction, higher hydroxyapatite precipitation was observed in cocultures with direct contact with T lymphocytes compared with that by osteoblasts cultured alone. Cocultures without direct cell contact caused a decrease in mineralization. Direct cell contact also upregulated intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)‐1 and simultaneously downregulated transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 in osteoblasts. However, the downregulation of TGF‐β1 was reversed by ICAM‐1 blocking. Exogenously added TGF‐β1 in cocultures with direct cell contact suppressed mineralization. In conclusion, studies are consistent with ICAM‐1‐mediated direct contact between osteoblasts and T lymphocytes increasing mineralization via downregulation of TGF‐β1 in osteoblasts in vitro. This suggests a possible unexpected, but crucial, role of T lymphocytes in enhancing matrix mineralization during the repair process in vivo. The study identifies ICAM‐1/TGF‐β1 as possible novel therapeutic targets for the treatment and prevention of inflammation‐associated mineralized tissue diseases.
Itacitinib Population Pharmacokinetics and Exposure‐Response in Patients With Acute Graft‐Versus‐Host Disease
Authors: Chen Xuejun , Xun Zhiyin , Yuska Brad , McGee Ryan , Yeleswaram Swamy 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article presents the population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) analysis and exposure‐response analyses for the primary efficacy end point—acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGVHD) day 28 response—and select safety measures (incidence of thrombocytopenia, hypertriglyceridemia, and cytomegalovirus infection) from a phase 3 randomized, double‐blind study comparing itacitinib plus corticosteroids versus placebo plus corticosteroids for the treatment of aGVHD. The PopPK data set contained sparse data from patients with aGVHD and select enriched data from healthy volunteers. The structural model was a 2‐compartment model with first‐order elimination and dose‐dependent nonlinear absorption with dual first‐order absorption pathways with lag times. Strong cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A inhibitor coadministration, moderate renal impairment, and participant population (healthy volunteers vs patients with aGVHD) were covariates on apparent clearance. Participant population was also a covariate on apparent intercompartmental clearance and lag time of the secondary absorption compartment. Apparent clearance decreased 42% with coadministration of strong CYP3A inhibitors. Simulations supported the following dose reductions with concomitant use of a strong CYP3A inhibitor: 300 mg once daily to 200 mg once daily, 400 mg once daily to 300 mg once daily, and 600 mg once daily to 400 mg once daily. No dose adjustment is recommended for any other covariate based on the magnitude of impact when they were retained in the model. The exposure‐response relationship was characterized between itacitinib exposure and probability of aGVHD day 28 response using a linear logistic regression model. Both itacitinib exposure and aGVHD risk status were significant predictors of response. There was no relationship between itacitinib exposure and thrombocytopenia, hypertriglyceridemia, or cytomegalovirus infection.
Single‐molecule localization microscopy goes quantitative
Authors: Scalisi Silvia , Pisignano Dario , Cella Zanacchi Francesca 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the last few years, single‐molecule localization (SMLM) techniques have been used to address biological questions in different research fields. More recently, super‐resolution has also been proposed as a quantitative tool for quantifying protein copy numbers at the nanoscale level. In this scenario, quantitative approaches, mainly based on stepwise photobleaching and quantitative SMLM assisted by calibration standards, offer an exquisite tool for investigating protein complexes. This primer focuses on the basic concepts behind quantitative super‐resolution microscopy, also providing strategies to overcome the technical hurdles that could limit their application.