bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE CONCENTRATION OF THUJONE IN ABSINTHE FROM VALENTIN MAGNAN’S TIME
Authors: Jean-Pierre Luauté , Dirk W Lachenmeier 
Published: January 2025

The recent paper on absinthe, epileptic seizures and Valentin Magnan (Eadie MJ. Absinthe, epileptic seizures and Valentin Magnan. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2009; 39:73-8) addresses an interesting question: can science from the 1870s be of any validity for today's view on the alcoholic beverage absinthe? In an attempt to defend Magnan's conclusions on the responsibility of absinthe to cause epileptic seizures in humans, Eadie argues that the presence of thujone at convulsant concentrations in some of the available absinthes of Magnan's time cannot be known. We have demonstrated, however, that it can be known: not only from theoretical calculations,1 but also from chemical analyses of surviving products.2,3 The total thujone content in 21 analysed pre-ban absinthe samples ranged between 0.5 and 48.3 mg/l, whereas the average thujone content of 27.8 ± 17.1 mg/l fell within the modern Codex Alimentarius/ EU limit of 35 mg/l (derived from no-effect levels in animal experiments with an additional safety factor). We also provided evidence that thujone in bottled absinthe remains stable; therefore, our analyses of 100-year-old spirits were not confounded by significant thujone deterioration over time.3 We concluded that the scientific literature contains no proof that historic absinthe contained thujone in concentrations able to produce any of the effects experienced in the Magnan experiments conducted with pure wormwood oil. Our historical survey4 also showed that Magnan was swayed by specific anecdotal reports from which he inferred a general principle. Magnan attributed the epileptic seizures and general delirium observed in long-term absinthe drinkers to wormwood essence in absinthe in particular, rather than to alcohol in general, which is the more plausible explanation. Another of Eadie's claims, which seems highly speculative, is that some of Magnan's patients might have had a genetic predisposition to juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (not described at the time) and thus may have been unusually vulnerable to thujone's convulsant effect. The relationship Magnan drew between absinthe and epilepsy was not restricted to a small number of drinkers, but to all of them. In conclusion, we want to stress that while Magnan's conclusion on absinthe cannot uphold to today's standards, he is still rightly regarded as one of the fathers of French psychiatry.
Author’s reply
Authors: Horowitz Professor RE 
Published: January 2025

I thank Professor Stuart for his comments. The discrepancies between clinical and autopsy diagnoses and the inaccuracies of death certification as cited by Cameron et al. are well known1 and bear reiteration. The centralisation of autopsies may be a practical approach to a thorny problem. Ideally, every hospital would have a decedent affairs programme which assures a high autopsy rate; there would be a modern autopsy facility staffed by expert prosectors, supervised by knowledgeable and interested pathologists, all paid for by ‘the healthcare system’. The attending clinician would attend the autopsy and gain immediate knowledge and benefit. In most American hospitals that ideal is simply not available. The regionalisation of autopsies in a single facility under the auspices of a medical school or medical examiner’s (coroner’s) office would optimise the utilisation of scarce resources. One university medical centre in the United States has already done this: it contracts with 23 community hospitals, both locally and up to 200 miles away. The community hospitals’ pathologists do not do autopsies, the community hospitals do not need to invest in space and personnel and these savings are passed on to the university as payment for performing the autopsy. The university thus gets sufficient numbers of autopsies for medical student and resident training, the autopsies are performed by people who are skilled and interested in doing them and there is sufficient material for research and publication, allowing the university to attract pathologists dedicated to the autopsy. With modern information and imaging systems, autopsy reporting is prompt and the distances are no problem. Is such centralisation ideal? No! But is it a potential viable alternative? Yes! Is it a ‘ghetto of the dead’? Perhaps, but with a marquee that reads: Hic locus est ubi mors gaudet succurrere vitae (This is the place where the dead give sustenance to the living).
Short-term and long-term prognoses in AChR-Ab positive very-late-onset myasthenia gravis patients
Authors: Xie Nairong , Liu Qing , Wen Qi , Wang Yaye , Liu Haoran , Jiang Yuting , Lu Yan , Di Li , Wang Min , Zhu Wenjia , Wen Xinmei , Zhang Xuxiang , Shen Xin-Ming , Da Yuwei 
Published: January 2025

Background: Very-late-onset myasthenia gravis (VLOMG) refers to myasthenia gravis (MG) with onset at age 65 or older. Current research on VLOMG prognosis remains limited, especially regarding factors influencing outcomes. Objectives: To identify the clinical factors that affect the short- and long-term prognosis of MG patients with an onset age ⩾65 years. Design: This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study of AChR-ab positive VLOMG patients, classified into two subgroups based on age of onset: sub-very-late-onset MG (S-VLOMG, onset age ⩾65 and <75 years), and super-late-onset MG (SLOMG, onset age ⩾75 years). Methods: A total of 93 patients were included, including 75 in the S-VLOMG group and 18 in the SLOMG group. Clinical, therapeutic, and prognosis data were reviewed, and the Cox regression model was used to identify factors influencing short- and long-term prognosis. Results: Patient characteristics were well balanced between the groups. Overall, 49.5% of patients achieved minimal symptom expression (MSE) within 6 months and 86% within 24 months. There was no significant difference between the groups in the proportion achieving MSE at 6 months ( p = 0.635) or 24 months ( p = 0.714). The median time to achieve MSE was also comparable between the S-VLOMG and SLOMG groups (199.0 days vs 280.5 days, p = 0.463). Low baseline MG-ADL score and steroid therapy were associated with better short-term prognosis ( p = 0.007 and p = 0.002, respectively). For long-term prognosis, baseline bulbar and limb involvement, time to treatment initiation, and use of immunosuppressants were significant factors ( p = 0.025, p = 0.004, p = 0.025, and p < 0.0001, respectively). There were no significant differences in side effects or drug withdrawal rates between two groups. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that AChR-ab positive VLOMG patients have a favorable prognosis and responded well to medication, with age and comorbidities showing no significant impact.
Open Medial Meniscus Centralization With Arthroscopic Root Repair
Authors: Newcomb Nicholas , Sanderford Jared , Patel Tyag , Sessums Price , Price Ryan , Curtis William , Treme Gehron , Shultz Christopher 
Published: January 2025

Background: Meniscotibial ligament disruption and medial meniscal extrusion may represent early and predisposing events contributing to medial meniscal root tears. If left untreated, these extruded tears may result in loss of medial compartment cartilage. As a result, multiple approaches have been developed to centralize the extruded meniscus. Indications: In this case, we present a 45-year-old man who sustained a left medial meniscal root tear with extrusion while playing tennis. Indications for root repair with meniscal centralization include extrusion >3 mm seen on magnetic resonance imaging after an acute meniscal root tear or subjective meniscal extrusion seen intraoperatively. Technique Description: The medial meniscal root tear is first repaired arthroscopically per surgeon preference. Then a medial incision is made along the proximal tibia and a submeniscal arthrotomy performed. Two double-loaded 3.0-mm anchors are placed along the proximal medial tibial edge. Sutures are passed in a Mason-Allen configuration through the meniscal body and capsule. Tightening of the sutures results in meniscal centralization. The root repair sutures are then tensioned and fixed along the medial proximal tibia. Results: Recent data have shown meniscal root repair with centralization is associated with significant improvements in pain, function, and quality of life and no significant progression of osteoarthritis. Discussion/Conclusion: Medial meniscal centralization can be safely performed with an open approach. An open approach may allow for more accurate anchor placement and more near-anatomic replication of meniscotibial ligaments. Patient Consent Disclosure Statement: The author(s) attests that consent has been obtained from any patient(s) appearing in this publication. If the individual may be identifiable, the author(s) has included a statement of release or other written form of approval from the patient(s) with this submission for publication.
Organic UV-filters and freshwater organisms: data gaps impede a robust retrospective environmental risk assessment
Authors: Kroll Alexandra , Kienle Cornelia , Junghans Marion 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
For use in cosmetic products, 32 substances have been authorised in the EU as UV-filters as of August 2022 (Annex VI of the EU Cosmetics Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009). Although these substances can enter the aquatic environment directly through bathing, authorisation for use in cosmetic products does not require a specific environmental risk assessment, whereas risks to human health are specifically assessed. Furthermore, no environmental quality standards have been proposed at EU level. For the current review, data on freshwater ecotoxicity, physicochemical properties, environmental fate and measured exposure were retrieved from ECHA registration information and public databases and assessed for reliability and relevance. Environmental quality standards (EQS) were proposed based on the EU technical guidance for EQS for the Water Framework Directive (WFD).

Results
From a WFD perspective, there were significant or complete gaps for acute and chronic effects data, sediment organisms and rarely tested organisms at the time of data retrieval, as well as gaps for measured environmental concentrations in the assessed databases. The reliability of the reported data could not always be verified due to missing information. As expected from the heterogeneity of molecular structures, ecotoxicity data and environmental fate parameters vary considerably between the different substances. Our assessments indicate that the use of some of the substances in direct contact with surface water may pose a repeated risk to aquatic organisms.

Conclusions
We recommend a revision of the process for the inclusion of UV-filters in the EU Cosmetics Product Regulation, taking into account the potential environmental risks. A full assessment of all UV-filters using standard test organisms as well as rarely tested species for acute and chronic effects and bioaccumulation would require, among other things, a large number of fish tests. Therefore, new assessment methods (NAMs) are recommended, including the use of fish cell lines for acute toxicity testing and alternatives for the assessment of chronic toxicity.
The newborn behavioural observations (NBO) system embedded in routine postpartum care in at-risk families in Iceland: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Valla Lisbeth , Slinning Kari , Wentzel-Larsen Tore , Røsand Gun-Mette , Arnardóttir Stefanía Birna 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
The Newborn Behaviour Observation system (NBO) is a flexible relationship-based intervention designed to sensitise parents to their newborn’s capacities, to increase parental confidence and foster the bond between parent and infant. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an NBO intervention on maternal confidence during the first month postpartum, and on the quality of mother-infant interaction at infant age 4 months in a sample of mothers who exhibit elevated signs of distress or depression during pregnancy and/or describe prior experiences of mental health issues.

Method
Pregnant women with current emotional distress and/or a history of anxiety and depression were recruited from a healthcare centre in Reykjavik, between August 2016 and April 2018. The study used a two-group, randomised trial design with six measuring points, in which 54 women were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group. The intervention group (n = 26) received the NBO in combination with standard care during routine home visits. The control group (n = 28) received the same numbers of home visits with standard care without NBO. Maternal confidence was measured using a parent questionnaire (covering learning outcomes relating to the infant’s communicative signals and maternal confidence) administered after each home visit in weeks 2, 3 and 4 postpartum. At 4 months infant age, a free-play situation involving mother-infant interaction was video-recorded in the participants’ homes and coded using the Emotional Availability Scale (EAS). Mixed effects models were used to estimate group differences in learning outcomes and maternal confidence across three time points. Two sample t-tests were used to compare the two groups’ EAS scores.

Results
The mothers in the intervention-group reported significantly higher maternal confidence and increased knowledge about their infant compared to the control group. Adjusted analyses suggest some evidence of a higher EAS non-hostility score in the intervention group (p = .031), but not for the other EAS scale scores (p ≥ .118).

Conclusion
Early home visits combining NBO with standard care enhance maternal confidence and the mother’s understanding of her infant. The small sample size makes it difficult to conclude whether repeated NBO sessions during the first month increase dimensions of maternal sensitivity in mother-infant interaction at 4 months postpartum.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT04739332, Registered 02/01/2021.
Validation of biomarkers and clinical scores for the detection of uterine leiomyosarcoma: a case-control study with an update of pLMS
Authors: Vollmer Marcus , Köhler Günter , Radosa Julia Caroline , Zygmunt Marek , Zimmermann Julia , Köller Martina , Seitz Christine , Bralo Helena , Radosa Marc Philipp , Kaya Askin Cangül , Krichbaum Johann , Solomayer Erich-Franz , Kaderali Lars , Alwafai Zaher 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
The diagnosis of rare uterine leiomyosarcoma (uLMS) remains a challenge given the high incidence rates of benign uterine tumors such as leiomyoma (LM). In the last decade, several clinical scores and blood serum markers have been proposed. The aim of this study is to validate and update the pLMS clinical scoring system, evaluating the accuracy of the scoring system by Zhang et al. and examining the discriminatory ability of blood markers such as serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR).

Methods
In a case-control study, 90 new uLMS from the DKSM consultation registry and 659 prospectively recruited LM cases from the Saarland University Hospital were used for validation. Welch’s t-test and Hedges’ g were used to evaluate blood markers and optimal thresholds and diagnostic odds ratios were calculated. Scoring systems were compared using receiver operating characteristics and proposed diagnostic cut-offs were reviewed. Missing values were imputed by random forest imputation to create the updated scoring system ‘pLMS2’ using penalized logistic regression based on the pooled data sets of 384 uLMS and 1485 LM.

Results
pLMS achieved an AUC of 0.97 on the validation data, but sensitivity and specificity varied at the proposed thresholds due to a shift in the score distributions. 43 uLMS and 578 LM were included in the comparison of pLMS with Zhang’s scoring system, with pLMS being superior (AUC 0.960 vs 0.845). LDH, NLR, and PLR achieved a diagnostic odds ratios of 18.03, 8.64 and 4.81, respectively. pLMS2 is based on subscores for menopausal status interacting with age, tumor diameter, intermenstrual bleeding, hypermenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, postmenstrual bleeding, rapid tumor growth, and suspicious sonography.

Conclusions
Validation of the pLMS shows stable discriminatory ability as expressed by AUC, although caution should be taken with cut-off values, as sensitivity and specificity may vary. Data collection of the updated clinical score pLMS2 remains simple and convenient, with no additional cost. The proposed thresholds of 1.5 and 5.5 can be used as a guide to avoid unnecessary or inappropriate surgery and to make the use of further diagnostic measures cost-effective. LDH, NLR and PLR provide further evidence to differentiate uLMS from LM in conjunction with clinical data.
Beliefs and attitudes of Syrian refugee mothers in Lebanon regarding children vaccination: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Shaarani Issam , Khadem Sleiman , Obeid Marwa , Saadieh Behnaz , Serhal Aya , Zakkour Karim , Mohammad Sara , Berjaoui Hussein , Izmirli Nour 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Vaccines have contributed to the disappearance of various diseases, and almost eradicated others across the world. Studies have shown that in Lebanon a profoundly small percentage of Syrian refugee children were fully immunized by routine vaccination services. Exploring the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of parents towards vaccination is of crucial importance, given the role of parents in children’s immunization. This study aims to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the Syrian refugee mothers in Lebanon towards the immunization of their children.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study conducted using questionnaires targeting Syrian refugee mothers whose children were born on Lebanese grounds, are below the age of five, and are following the Lebanese vaccination schedule.

Results
Majority of refugee mothers considered vaccination to be safe (89.9%) and stated that vaccination should be initiated at birth (87.2%). Almost all of the interviewed mothers plan to vaccinate their children according to the National Lebanese Vaccination Schedule. Concerning the children’s immunization status, 51.4% of Syrian refugee children were fully immunized and 48.6% had aberrant vaccination.

Conclusion
Although refugee mothers had some knowledge gaps regarding vaccines, the main issue lies within the accessibility. A collaborative coordinated approach involving governmental and non-governmental agencies seems to be an effective approach to improve rates of immunization.
Policy research on role of traditional medicine in emergency health system construction based on the PMC index model: evidence from China
Authors: Zhang Yujing , Tian Xia , Chen Zhao , Hu Ziteng , Li Huizhen , Zong Xingyu , Li An , Zhang Fuqiang , Chen Yaxin , Zhang Haili , Yan Lijiao , Liang Ning , Shi Nannan , Wang Yanping 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
The integration of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) into emergency health systems in China serves as a model for global policy development and refining the inclusion of traditional medicine in health emergencies.

Methods
This study investigated 13 public health emergency policies related to TCM released by the Chinese central government from 2003–2023. A PMC(Policy Modeling Consistency) index model was developed combining ROSTCM text mining analysis software. The contents of these policy documents were quantitatively assessed using 10 first- and 40 s-level indicators.

Results
The content analysis results showed that current policies focus on emergency treatment, and that the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine is the issuing authority of the main policies, most of which are issued in the form of a notice. The scoring results for the 13 policies showed that two, five, three, and three policies were rated as excellent, good, qualified, and unqualified, respectively. This indicates that the policy quality related to TCM use in emergency response was normally distributed and generally qualified, although room for further improvement exists; policies should follow the principles of science, reasonableness, and operability, and should be updated in a timely manner with continuous development of the governance period while focusing on the policy content, safeguards, and role measures.

Conclusion
Effective integration of traditional medicine into health emergency policies backed by state institutions is vital. This includes enforcing relevant laws and regulations, establishing multidisciplinary medical teams, and developing integrated medicine strategies that support clinical research and maximize the unique benefits of traditional medicine.
‘That’s kind of under my work blanket’—redeployment experiences of children’s hospital staff during the covid-19 pandemic: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Kelly Paula , Aldiss Susie , Wray Jo , Vindrola-Padros Cecilia , Gibson Faith 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
During COVID-19 pandemic, a rapid readjustment to continued delivery of healthcare was required. Redeployment is an intentional process to mobilise human resources by reassigning a healthcare worker to a new role or new work location, to achieve sustainable delivery of patient care. We report redeployment experiences of staff from a specialist children’s hospital during first and second waves of the United Kingdom COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
This study focuses on a specialist children’s hospital where redeployment occurred externally to adult intensive care units and other COVID-19 specific initiatives, and internally as some service activity reduced and others expanded. This was a study of staff experiences using a qualitative rapid appraisal design. Hospital staff participated in an in-depth one-to-one telephone interview. We used a semi-structured interview guide, and recorded and transcribed all interviews. Rapid Research Evaluation and Appraisal Lab sheets were used to share data; team-based analysis was facilitated using a framework approach.

Results
Recruitment and interviews took place from March-November 2021. Twenty-four staff participated: 17 nurses, five doctors and two other healthcare professionals. Interviewees articulated their experiences of redeployment both within the specialist children’s hospital and externally to other health settings (predominantly adult intensive care). Redeployment impacted staff in multiple ways professionally and personally and was reported to be both challenging and rewarding. The reality of working in different settings was felt by everyone, with unfamiliar environments, patient safety, and delivery of a more task-based model of care creating some negative experiences. We identified five main themes: (i) Drivers and Agency; (ii) Journey to Redeployment; (iii) Working Reality; (iv) Personal Impact and Support; (v) Professional Disruption.

Conclusions
Although experience of those redeployed varied, prior background of working in intensive care settings and with adult patients, with opportunities to share practice with colleagues, mitigated challanges for our participants. Positive experiences were associated with perceptions of support received, being welcomed in the new setting, and feeling valued. This study also highlights the act of ‘volunteering’, the nature of ‘voluntariness’ and the difference that may exert on the overall redeployment experience. Future guidance would be encouraged to consider the voluntary nature of redployment.