bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Staged use of ordinal and linear disability scales: a practical approach to granular assessment of acute stroke outcome
Authors: Chaisinanunkul Napasri , Starkman Sidney , Gornbein Jeffrey , Hamilton Scott , Chatfield Fiona , Conwit Robin , Saver Jeffrey L. 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundThe modified Rankin Scale (mRS) assessment of global disability is the most common primary endpoint in acute stroke trials but lacks granularity (7 broad levels) and is ordinal (scale levels unknown distances apart), which constrains study power. Disability scales that are linear and continuous may better discriminate outcomes, but computerized administration in stroke patients is challenging. We, therefore, undertook to develop a staged use of an ordinal followed by a linear scale practical to use in multicenter trials.MethodsConsecutive patients undergoing 3-month final visits in the NIH FAST-MAG phase 3 trial were assessed with the mRS followed by 15 mRS level-specific yes–no items of the Academic Medical Center Linear Disability Score (ALDS), a linear disability scale derived using item response theory.ResultsAmong 55 patients, aged 71.2 (SD ± 14.2), 67% were men and the entry NIHSS was 10.7 (SD ± 9.5). At 90 days, the median mRS score was 3 (IQR, 1–4), and the median ALDS score was 78.8 (IQR, 3.3–100). ALDS scores correlated strongly with 90 days outcome measures, including the Barthel Index (r = 0.92), NIHSS (r = 0.87), and mRS (r = 0.94). ALDS scores also correlated modestly with entry NIHSS (r = 0.38). At 90 days, the ALDS showed greater scale granularity than the mRS, with fewer patients with identical values, 1.9 (SD ± 3.2) vs. 8.0 (SD ± 3.6), p &lt; 0.001. When treatment effect magnitudes were small to moderate, projected trial sample size requirements were 2–12-fold lower when the ALDS rather than the mRS was used as the primary trial endpoint.ConclusionAmong patients enrolled in an acute neuroprotective stroke trial, the ALDS showed strong convergent validity and superior discrimination characteristics compared with the modified Rankin Scale and increased projected trial power to detect clinically meaningful treatment benefits.
Single-cell RNA-sequencing identifies various proportions of excitatory and inhibitory neurons in cultured human fetal brain cortical tissues
Authors: Liu Rong , Dong Wei , Xiong Dan , Hu Lanqi , Zhang Haoran , Yuan Xiaoping , Tang Zhonghui , Fu Fang , Yang Xin , Wu Xia 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionCortical neural progenitor cells possess the capacity to differentiate into both excitatory and inhibitory neurons. However, the precise proportions in which these progenitor cells differentiate remain unclear.MethodsHuman fetal prefrontal cortical tissues were collected at various fetal stages and cultured in vitro. Bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing techniques were employed to analyze the resulting neuronal cell types, cell proportions, and the expression levels of cell-type marker genes.ResultsThe culture of fetal prefrontal cortex tissues obtained at gestation weeks 11 and 20 predominantly consisted of excitatory and inhibitory neurons, respectively. This abrupt transition in cell proportions was primarily driven by the differential lineage specificity of neural progenitors in the fetal cortical tissues at distinct stages of fetal brain development. Additionally, it was observed that the transcriptional profiles of cultured fetal cortical tissues were strongly influenced by the presence of FGF2.DiscussionThis study presents a novel strategy to obtain excitatory and inhibitory neuronal cells from the culture of fetal cortical tissues. The findings shed light on the mechanisms underlying neurogenesis and provide an approach that might contribute to future research investigating the pathophysiology of various neural disorders.
Modeling Alzheimer’s disease related phenotypes in the Ts65Dn mouse: impact of age on Aβ, Tau, pTau, NfL, and behavior
Authors: Overk Cassia , Fiorini Emma , Babolin Chiara , Vukicevic Marija , Morici Catherine , Madani Rime , Eligert Valerie , Kosco-Vilbois Marie , Roberts Amanda , Becker Ann , Pfeifer Andrea , Mobley William C. 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionPeople with DS are highly predisposed to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and demonstrate very similar clinical and pathological features. Ts65Dn mice are widely used and serve as the best-characterized animal model of DS.MethodsWe undertook studies to characterize age-related changes for AD-relevant markers linked to Aβ, Tau, and phospho-Tau, axonal structure, inflammation, and behavior.ResultsWe found age related changes in both Ts65Dn and 2N mice. Relative to 2N mice, Ts65Dn mice showed consistent increases in Aβ40, insoluble phospho-Tau, and neurofilament light protein. These changes were correlated with deficits in learning and memory.DiscussionThese data have implications for planning future experiments aimed at preventing disease-related phenotypes and biomarkers. Interventions should be planned to address specific manifestations using treatments and treatment durations adequate to engage targets to prevent the emergence of phenotypes.
In silico assessment of histotripsy-induced changes in catheter-directed thrombolytic delivery
Authors: Bader Kenneth B. , Flores Basterrechea Katia , Hendley Samuel A. 
Published: June 2023

Introduction: For venous thrombosis patients, catheter-directed thrombolytic therapy is the standard-of-care to recanalize the occluded vessel. Limitations with thrombolytic drugs make the development of adjuvant treatments an active area of research. One potential adjuvant is histotripsy, a focused ultrasound therapy that lyses red blood cells within thrombus via the spontaneous generation of bubbles. Histotripsy has also been shown to improve the efficacy of thrombolytic drugs, though the precise mechanism of enhancement has not been elucidated. In this study, in silico calculations were performed to determine the contribution of histotripsy-induced changes in thrombus diffusivity to alter catheter-directed therapy.Methods: An established and validated Monte Carlo calculation was used to predict the extent of histotripsy bubble activity. The distribution of thrombolytic drug was computed with a finite-difference time domain (FDTD) solution of the perfusion-diffusion equation. The FDTD calculation included changes in thrombus diffusivity based on outcomes of the Monte Carlo calculation. Fibrin degradation was determined using the known reaction rate of thrombolytic drug.Results: In the absence of histotripsy, thrombolytic delivery was restricted in close proximity to the catheter. Thrombolytic perfused throughout the focal region for calculations that included the effects of histotripsy, resulting in an increased degree of fibrinolysis.Discussion: These results were consistent with the outcomes of in vitro studies, suggesting histotripsy-induced changes in the thrombus diffusivity are a primary mechanism for enhancement of thrombolytic drugs.
Hormonal regulation of ethylene response factors in tomato during storage and distribution
Authors: Park Me-Hea , Yang Hae-Jo , Malka Siva Kumar 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionEthylene response factors (ERFs) play a critical role in regulating hormone interactions that affect the shelf life of tomatoes. Understanding their regulation during storage and distribution can be highly beneficial.MethodsThis study examined the effects of treatment with ethylene (ET), brassinosteroid (BR), auxin (AUX), and gibberellin (GA) on fruit ripening and the expression of 18 ripening-associated ERFs in tomato stored at 20°C (room temperature) for 10 d or 4°C (cold storage) for 14 d followed by 2 d at 20°C (retailer conditions). ResultsThe results showed that ripening was accelerated by ET and BR but was delayed by AUX and GA at room temperature. Cold storage delayed ripening in all groups, with ET and GA treatments showing the highest and lowest a* values, respectively. The effects of hormone treatment were consistent with room temperature when the fruits were transferred from cold storage to retail conditions. At room temperature, ERFs responsive to ET (ERF.B1, B2, B6, E2, and F1) and BR (ERF.E5, F2, and F3) were inhibited by AUX. ET-induced genes (ERF.C1, E1, F4, and H7) could be co-regulated by other hormones at cold storage. When the fruits were transferred from cold storage to retailer conditions, ERFs responsive to ET and BR were inhibited by GA. Additionally, ET-responsive ERFs could be inhibited by BR at room temperature, whereas ET could inhibit BR-responsive ERFs at retailer conditions. The same ERFs that were regulated by ET at room temperature were instead regulated by BR under retailer conditions, and vice versa. DiscussionThese findings can help provide a better understanding of the complex hormone interactions regulating the postharvest physiology of tomato and in maintaining its quality and shelf life during storage and distribution.
Phenomics based prediction of plant biomass and leaf area in wheat using machine learning approaches
Authors: Singh Biswabiplab , Kumar Sudhir , Elangovan Allimuthu , Vasht Devendra , Arya Sunny , Duc Nguyen Trung , Swami Pooja , Pawar Godawari Shivaji , Raju Dhandapani , Krishna Hari , Sathee Lekshmy , Dalal Monika , Sahoo Rabi Narayan , Chinnusamy Viswanathan 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionPhenomics has emerged as important tool to bridge the genotype-phenotype gap. To dissect complex traits such as highly dynamic plant growth, and quantification of its component traits over a different growth phase of plant will immensely help dissect genetic basis of biomass production. Based on RGB images, models have been developed to predict biomass recently. However, it is very challenging to find a model performing stable across experiments. In this study, we recorded RGB and NIR images of wheat germplasm and Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) of Raj3765xHD2329, and examined the use of multimodal images from RGB, NIR sensors and machine learning models to predict biomass and leaf area non-invasively.ResultsThe image-based traits (i-Traits) containing geometric features, RGB based indices, RGB colour classes and NIR features were categorized into architectural traits and physiological traits. Total 77 i-Traits were selected for prediction of biomass and leaf area consisting of 35 architectural and 42 physiological traits. We have shown that different biomass related traits such as fresh weight, dry weight and shoot area can be predicted accurately from RGB and NIR images using 16 machine learning models. We applied the models on two consecutive years of experiments and found that measurement accuracies were similar suggesting the generalized nature of models. Results showed that all biomass-related traits could be estimated with about 90% accuracy but the performance of model BLASSO was relatively stable and high in all the traits and experiments. The R2 of BLASSO for fresh weight prediction was 0.96 (both year experiments), for dry weight prediction was 0.90 (Experiment 1) and 0.93 (Experiment 2) and for shoot area prediction 0.96 (Experiment 1) and 0.93 (Experiment 2). Also, the RMSRE of BLASSO for fresh weight prediction was 0.53 (Experiment 1) and 0.24 (Experiment 2), for dry weight prediction was 0.85 (Experiment 1) and 0.25 (Experiment 2) and for shoot area prediction 0.59 (Experiment 1) and 0.53 (Experiment 2).DiscussionBased on the quantification power analysis of i-Traits, the determinants of biomass accumulation were found which contains both architectural and physiological traits. The best predictor i-Trait for fresh weight and dry weight prediction was Area_SV and for shoot area prediction was projected shoot area. These results will be helpful for identification and genetic basis dissection of major determinants of biomass accumulation and also non-invasive high throughput estimation of plant growth during different phenological stages can identify hitherto uncovered genes for biomass production and its deployment in crop improvement for breaking the yield plateau.
Research on the development and testing methods of physical education and agility training equipment in universities
Authors: Tan Baohua , Tian Shihao , Wang Enpu , Xiao Lu , Cao Kan , Zheng Beitian , Luo Lina 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionBecause of the problems of insufficient funds and traditional training methods in college sports agile training, an agile training system based on a wireless ad hoc network was developed to evaluate the effect of improving the sensitive quality of ordinary college students. Based on the ESP-MESH network, the lower computer realizes automatic networking between devices and tests the performance of the mesh network. Fourteen male college students received 9 weeks of agility training, with seven students in each of two groups: traditional agility training and agile equipment training. The researchers evaluated the performance of both groups in rapid disguise, body coordination, changing movements, and predictive decision-making.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the groups before training, but there were significant differences in the four abilities after training (p &lt; 0.01). The experimental group had significant differences in rapid direction change and physical coordination (p &lt; 0.05), and in changing movement and predictive decision-making ability (p &lt; 0.01).ConclusionBoth traditional training and agile equipment training improve the agility quality of college students, and the latter shows better results in certain abilities. However, limited by other physical qualities, the improvement of motor changes and predictive decision-making ability is not as obvious as the other two abilities.
Case managers’ reflections of a brief case management intervention in Canada
Authors: Duncan Andrea , Kirst Maritt , Dainty Katie N. , Wodchis Walter P. , Stergiopoulos Vicky 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionAs demand for intensive case management services continues to outpace supply, community mental health agencies in Toronto, Ontario, introduced Short-Term Case Management (STCM).ObjectiveThis study sought to explore case managers’ perspectives and experiences with this new service delivery model.MethodsFocus groups were conducted with twenty-one case managers, and transcripts analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsEmerging themes suggest that despite embracing a recovery approach, case managers expressed mixed views on the acceptability and appropriateness of this service delivery model as an intervention.ConclusionThe ideal population for this intervention are adults with mental health issues in need of system navigation, and those motivated to address their goals. Further research is needed to establish fidelity criteria.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding COVID-19 and mental health status among college students in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Li Yi-Hua , Wen Tao , Cui Yin-Shi , Huang Zhe-Hu , Liu Yan-Qun 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundDuring the prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), little was known about the knowledge, attitudes, practices (KAP) about COVID-19 and psychological status of college students in minority areas. This study aimed to evaluate the KAP of college students in minority areas of China toward COVID-19 and to provide a scientific basis for health education and policy formulation.MethodsFrom October 28th to November 6th, 2021, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 5,272 college students to examine KAP and its effects on mental health.ResultsRegarding COVID-19 knowledge, the overall awareness rate was 24.11% (1,271). Regarding health attitudes, most students had positive attitudes about COVID-19 prevention and control (94.95%), and females had higher positive attitudes than males (OR: 1.920; CI: 1.494–2.469). Regarding preventive behaviors, more than half of the students took preventive measures (53.48%), and freshmen had the highest health behavior scores. In terms of psychological status, there were fewer females with depression and stress than males.ConclusionCollege students in minority areas have positive health attitudes; however, their knowledge of COVID-19 prevention and control is low. Moreover, their precautionary behaviors are insufficient, and they have many negative emotions.
Home environment factors associated with early childhood development in rural areas of Bangladesh: evidence from a national survey
Authors: Rahman Farzana , Tuli Samiha Nahar , Mondal Prasenjit , Sultana Shakina , Hossain Asmita , Kundu Satyajit , Clara Afrin Ahmed , Hossain Ahmed 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundKnowing the relationship between the factors related to home environment and early childhood development (ECD) in Bangladeshi children aged 3 to 4  years would help to find out appropriate interventions for the children with lower ECD outcomes. Therefore, we aimed to understand the relationship between the home environment factors and ECD in rural Bangladeshi children aged 3 to 4  years.MethodsWe used data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2019, and included 7,326 rural children aged 3 to 4  years. The ECD index (ECDI) included four domains: literacy-numeracy, learning, physical and socio-emotional development. If a child met at least three of these four domains, the child was indicated as developmentally “on track”.ResultsThe findings show that 27.4% of rural children missed to reach developmentally on-track while 72.2% of children did not attain the literacy-numeracy domain of ECD. The home environment factors including parental participation in children’s activities, was found to be associated with ECD. For instance, reading books to child had 26% (aOR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.08–1.48), and telling stories to child had 29% (aOR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.09–1.53) more developmentally on-track in overall ECDI. Similar associations between home environment factors and specific ECD domains were also obtained. We also identified that children aged 4  years, girls, and children of mothers with higher socio-economic status (SES) were higher developmentally on-track than their counterparts.ConclusionHome environment factors like reading books and telling stories to children were found to be significantly associated with ECD in rural areas of Bangladesh. Our study’s findings would assist in implementing the essential public health intervention to enhance the ECD program especially in the rural Bangladeshi context.
Sustainability of poultry egg output and efficiency: a risk-mitigating perspective
Authors: Ayojimi Wale , Bamiro Olasunkanmi M. , Otunaiya Abiodun O. , Shoyombo Ayoola J. , Matiluko Opeyemi E. 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionAgricultural insurance is crucial to reducing financial exposures and vulnerabilities, and managing the production risks of poultry farmers while also reducing hunger levels. Unfortunately, it has not been effective in developing countries, like Nigeria.MethodsThis study examined the outcome of agricultural insurance use on poultry egg output and efficiency in Oyo State, Nigeria. The multistage sampling technique was adopted to select 120 and 152 insured and uninsured poultry egg farmers, respectively. The data gathered, using a well-designed questionnaire, was analyzed by descriptive statistics, a logistic regression model, and a Stochastic Production Frontier.Results and DiscussionResults showed that the majority (about 74% and 77%) of uninsured and insured poultry egg farmers, respectively, were small-scale farmers who operated on low capital investment, making it difficult to take insurance policy. Educational level, farming size, access to credit facilities, previous mortality rate, sales challenges, and net farm income were significant variables affecting the level of use of insurance. The result of the stochastic production frontier showed that the use of insurance is not statistically significant to the poultry egg farmers’ production inefficiency. This study highlights the importance of formulating policies that promote private sector involvement, ensure prompt indemnity payment, and encourage uninsured farmers to adopt insurance policies, ultimately aiding affected farmers, improving production scale, and mitigating farm risks.
Long-Term Kidney and Maternal Outcomes After Pregnancy in Living Kidney Donors
Authors: van Buren Marleen C. , Meinderts Jildau R. , Oudmaijer Christiaan A. J. , de Jong Margriet F. C. , Groen Henk , Royaards Tessa , Maasdam Louise , Tielen Mirjam , Reinders Marlies E. J. , Lely A. Titia , van de Wetering Jacqueline 
Published: June 2023

For counseling it is important to know if pregnancy after Living Kidney Donation (LKD) affects long-term outcomes of the mono-kidney and the mother. Therefore, we performed a retrospective multicenter study in women ≤45 years who donated their kidney between 1981 and 2017. Data was collected via questionnaires and medical records. eGFR of women with post-LKD pregnancies were compared to women with pre-LKD pregnancies or nulliparous. eGFR before and after pregnancy were compared in women with post-LKD pregnancies. Pregnancy outcomes post-LKD were compared with pre-LKD pregnancy outcomes. 234 women (499 pregnancies) were included, of which 20 with pre- and post-LKD pregnancies (68) and 26 with only post-LKD pregnancies (59). Multilevel analysis demonstrated that eGFR was not different between women with and without post-LKD pregnancies (p = 0.23). Furthermore, eGFR was not different before and after post-LKD pregnancy (p = 0.13). More hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) occurred in post-LKD pregnancies (p = 0.002). Adverse fetal outcomes did not differ. We conclude that, despite a higher incidence of HDP, eGFR was not affected by post-LKD pregnancy. In line with previous studies, we found an increased risk for HDP after LKD without affecting fetal outcome. Therefore, a pregnancy wish alone should not be a reason to exclude women for LKD.
ANALISIS PENGARUH PENDAPATAN PREMI, INVESTASI, DAN HASIL UNDERWRITING TERHADAP LABA PERUSAHAAN ASURANSI UMUM DI OTORITAS JASA KEUANGAN PERIODE 2017-2021
Authors: Prasetyo Haris , Tulung Joy Elly , Palandeng Indrie Debbie 
Published: June 2023

Suatu perusahaan dapat dikatakan efektif dan efisien ketika jumlah Laba yang dihasilkan oleh Perusahaan lebih besar jika dibandingkan dengan Periode sebelumnya. Semakin tinggi laba maka akan terlihat bagaimana perusahaan tersebut efektif dalam menjalankan operasional bisnisnya. Laba dapat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor diantaranya Pendapatan Premi, Investasi, dan Hasil Underwriting. Metode Pengambilan Sampel menggunakan Metode Purposive Sampling, sampel yang digunakan adalah 15 Perusahaan. Metode Analisis data yang digunakan adalah Analisis Regresi Linier Berganda. Hasil Penelitian yang di Uji secara Parsial menunjukkan bahwa Pendapatan Premi berpengaruh Positif Signifikan terhadap Laba, Hasil Investasi berpengaruh Positif dan Signifikan terhadap Laba, dan Hasil Underwriting berpengaruh Positif dan Signifikan terhadap Laba. Uji Simultan menunjukkan bahwa Pendapatan Premi, Hasil Investasi, dan Hasil Underwriting secara Bersama – sama berpengaruh Signfikan terhadap Laba.

Kata Kunci: pendapatan premi, investasi, hasil underwriting, laba