bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fish in Kongsfjorden under the influence of climate warming
Authors: Gorska Natalia , Schmidt Beata , Węsławski Jan Marcin , Grabowski Miłosz , Dragan-Górska Agata , Szczucka Joanna , Beszczynska-Möller Agnieszka 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionKongsfjorden is being impacted by climate warming, which has fostered the increase of abundance of Atlantic fish (e.g. Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua), fish that are non-endemic for Kongsfjorden. The growth and high predation potential of Atlantic fish may affect the survival of polar cod (Boreogadus saida), native species of the Kongsfjorden, a species with ecological and economic value. This means that it is important to monitor the impact of climate change on the fjord fish community. This, as well as the experience of the successful use of hydroacoustic techniques in the fjord, encouraged us to continue in 2022 the hydroacoustic study of fish that began in 2013 and 2014. Our main goal was to understand and confirm how the fish community in Kongsfjorden has changed over the last decade under the influence of global warming.MethodsOur approach aimed not only to replicate the previous research conducted in 2013 and 2014, based on the same methodology for collecting and analyzing hydroacoustic data, but also to compare the newly acquired data with the results available in the previous publications. The histograms of fish target strength (a measure of sound backscatter by an individual) were analyzed and the fish spatial distribution (regarding thermohaline structure and “predator-prey” relationships) was acoustically observed.ResultsThe presence of native polar cod and non-endemic Atlantic cod in the Kongsfjorden was shown. Furthermore, during the study period, an increase in fish size diversity was observed, which suggests change in the food web and a decline in native polar cod. It was confirmed that the process of establishment of non-Arctic species Atlantic cod in Kongsfjorden continues.DiscussionWe went beyond the spatial and temporal constraints of previous Kongsfjorden studies, taking into account fjord fish communities over a wider area and over the long term. Therefore, our understanding of climate warming impact on the fish community of Kongsfjorden has been deepened. Further progress necessitates annual hydroacoustic observation of the fjord fish community accompanied by biological sampling.
Finite element analysis of Kirschner wire fixation for lateral condyle fracture in children in the sagittal plane
Authors: Bai Huanan , Lu Qingda , Liang Xiaoju , Wang Xiaoming , Yang Yating , Wang Huan , Wang Jiaju , Jie Qiang 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveThis study aims to find the optimal arrangement of the Kirschner wire (K-wire) in the sagittal plane for fixation of a pediatric lateral condylar humeral fracture (Milch type II) by using finite element analysis (FEA).MethodsA model of lateral condyle fracture in a 6-year-old boy was developed, and an XYZ coordinate system was established based on this model. The YZ plane was defined as the sagittal plane to investigate the impact of the angle formed by the first and second K-wires on stability. Two configurations were studied for each angle: parallel and divergent. Evaluation indicators included the maximum displacement of the fracture fragment and the maximum von Mises stress in the pins and bone.ResultsThe model with a −60° angle showed the best performance in both evaluation indicators. The parallel and divergent pin configurations had different performances in each group. The displacement results for negative angles were similar, and this result was better than those for positive angles.ConclusionWe successfully created a model of pediatric lateral condyle humerus fracture (Milch type II) and performed K-wire fixation with varying sagittal plane configurations, combined with FEA. Our findings demonstrate that the angle of −60° between the two pins in the sagittal plane provided the highest level of stability, with divergent configurations proving superior to parallel pinning at this angle.
Ingested histamine and serotonin interact to alter Anopheles stephensi feeding and flight behavior and infection with Plasmodium parasites
Authors: Coles Taylor A. , Briggs Anna M. , Hambly Malayna G. , Céspedes Nora , Fellows Abigail M. , Kaylor Hannah L. , Adams Alexandria D. , Van Susteren Grace , Bentil Ronald E. , Robert Michael A. , Riffell Jeffrey A. , Lewis Edwin E. , Luckhart Shirley 
Published: July 2023

Blood levels of histamine and serotonin (5-HT) are altered in human malaria, and, at these levels, we have shown they have broad, independent effects on Anopheles stephensi following ingestion by this invasive mosquito. Given that histamine and 5-HT are ingested together under natural conditions and that histaminergic and serotonergic signaling are networked in other organisms, we examined effects of combinations of these biogenic amines provisioned to A. stephensi at healthy human levels (high 5-HT, low histamine) or levels associated with severe malaria (low 5-HT, high histamine). Treatments were delivered in water (priming) before feeding A. stephensi on Plasmodium yoelii-infected mice or via artificial blood meal. Relative to effects of histamine and 5-HT alone, effects of biogenic amine combinations were complex. Biogenic amine treatments had the greatest impact on the first oviposition cycle, with high histamine moderating low 5-HT effects in combination. In contrast, clutch sizes were similar across combination and individual treatments. While high histamine alone increased uninfected A. stephensi weekly lifetime blood feeding, neither combination altered this tendency relative to controls. The tendency to re-feed 2 weeks after the first blood meal was altered by combination treatments, but this depended on mode of delivery. For blood delivery, malaria-associated treatments yielded higher percentages of fed females relative to healthy-associated treatments, but the converse was true for priming. Female mosquitoes treated with the malaria-associated combination exhibited enhanced flight behavior and object inspection relative to controls and healthy combination treatment. Mosquitoes primed with the malaria-associated combination exhibited higher mean oocysts and sporozoite infection prevalence relative to the healthy combination, with high histamine having a dominant effect on these patterns. Compared with uninfected A. stephensi, the tendency of infected mosquitoes to take a second blood meal revealed an interaction of biogenic amines with infection. We used a mathematical model to project the impacts of different levels of biogenic amines and associated changes on outbreaks in human populations. While not all outbreak parameters were impacted the same, the sum of effects suggests that histamine and 5-HT alter the likelihood of transmission by mosquitoes that feed on hosts with symptomatic malaria versus a healthy host.
The influence of depressive symptoms and school-going status on risky behaviors: a pooled analysis among adolescents in six sub-Saharan African countries
Authors: Partap Uttara , Assefa Nega , Berhane Yemane , Sie Ali , Guwatudde David , Killewo Japhet , Oduola Ayoade , Sando Mary M. , Vuai Said , Adanu Richard , Bärnighausen Till , Fawzi Wafaie W. 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundEvidence from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) regarding risky behaviors among adolescents remains scarce, despite the large population (approximately 249 million out of 1.2 billion globally in 2019) of adolescents in the region. We aimed to examine the potential influence of depressive symptoms and school-going status on risky behaviors among adolescents in six SSA countries.MethodsWe used individual cross-sectional data from adolescents aged 10–19 based in eight communities across six SSA countries, participating in the ARISE Network Adolescent Health Study (N = 7,661). Outcomes of interest were cigarette or tobacco use, alcohol use, other substance use, getting into a physical fight, no condom use during last sexual intercourse, and suicidal behavior. We examined the proportion of adolescents reporting these behaviors, and examined potential effects of depressive symptoms [tertiles of 6-item Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale (KADS-6) score] and school-going status on these behaviors using mixed-effects Poisson regression models. We also assessed effect modification of associations by sex, age, and school-going status.ResultsThe proportion of adolescents reporting risky behaviors was varied, from 2.2% for suicidal behaviors to 26.2% for getting into a physical fight. Being in the higher tertiles of KADS-6 score was associated with increased risk of almost all risky behaviors [adjusted risk ratio (RR) for highest KADS-6 tertile for alcohol use: 1.70, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.48–1.95, p &lt; 0.001; for physical fight: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.36–1.70, p &lt; 0.001; for suicidal behavior: 7.07, 95% CI: 2.69–18.57, p &lt; 0.001]. Being in school was associated with reduced risk of substance use (RR for alcohol use: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.53–1.00, p = 0.047), and not using a condom (RR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.66–0.99, p = 0.040). There was evidence of modification of the effect of school-going status on risky behaviors by age and sex.ConclusionOur findings reinforce the need for a greater focus on risky behaviors among adolescents in SSA. Addressing depressive symptoms among adolescents, facilitating school attendance and using schools as platforms to improve health may help reduce risky behaviors in this population. Further research is also required to better assess the potential bidirectionality of associations.
Validity of activity wristbands for estimating daily physical activity in primary schoolchildren under free-living conditions: School-Fit study
Authors: Mayorga-Vega Daniel , Casado-Robles Carolina , Guijarro-Romero Santiago , Viciana Jesús 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionThe use of activity wristbands to monitor and promote schoolchildren's physical activity (PA) is increasingly widespread. However, their validity has not been sufficiently studied, especially among primary schoolchildren. Consequently, the main purpose was to examine the validity of the daily steps and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) scores estimated by the activity wristbands Fitbit Ace 2, Garmin Vivofit Jr 2, and the Xiaomi Mi Band 5 in primary schoolchildren under free-living conditions.Materials and methodsAn initial sample of 67 schoolchildren (final sample = 62; 50% females), aged 9–12 years old (mean = 10.4 ± 1.0 years), participated in the present study. Each participant wore three activity wristbands (Fitbit Ace 2, Garmin Vivofit Jr 2, and Xiaomi Mi Band 5) on his/her non-dominant wrist and a research-grade accelerometer (ActiGraph wGT3X-BT) on his/her hip as the reference standard (number of steps and time in MVPA) during the waking time of one day.ResultsResults showed that the validity of the daily step scores estimated by the Garmin Vivofit Jr 2 and Xiaomi Mi Band 5 were good and acceptable (e.g., MAPE = 9.6/11.3%, and lower 95% IC of ICC = 0.87/0.73), respectively, as well as correctly classified schoolchildren as meeting or not meeting the daily 10,000/12,000-step-based recommendations, obtaining excellent/good and good/acceptable results (e.g., Garmin Vivofit Jr 2, k = 0.75/0.62; Xiaomi Mi Band 5, k = 0.73/0.53), respectively. However, the Fitbit Ace 2 did not show an acceptable validity (e.g., daily steps: MAPE = 21.1%, and lower 95% IC of ICC = 0.00; step-based recommendations: k = 0.48/0.36). None of the three activity wristbands showed an adequate validity for estimating daily MVPA (e.g., MAPE = 36.6–90.3%, and lower 95% IC of ICC = 0.00–0.41) and the validity for the MVPA-based recommendation tended to be considerably lower (e.g., k = −0.03–0.54).ConclusionsThe activity wristband Garmin Vivofit Jr 2 obtained the best validity for monitoring primary schoolchildren's daily steps, offering a feasible alternative to the research-grade accelerometers. Furthermore, this activity wristband could be used during PA promotion programs to provide accurate feedback to primary schoolchildren to ensure their accomplishment with the PA recommendations.
Bloods Sugar Levels Towards Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) In Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Priya Utama Julvainda Eka , Ridha Monika Wulan Sapta , Windyarti Mei Lia Nindya Zulis 
Published: July 2023

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) type 2 appears in adulthood and has a proportion of 80% of diabetes mellitus overall. The purpose of this study was to determine blood sugar levels when against MAP (Mean Arterial Pressure). The method uses observational analytic with cross sectional approach. Questionnaire instruments and observation sheets, for assessing blood sugar levels when using a glucotest and for measuring Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) using a digital tensimeter. The results showed that 63 respondents had temporary blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetes sufferers in Tegalsari Village, Candisari District, Semarang City, 31 respondents (49.3%) had normal blood sugar levels. Meanwhile, the majority of the Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients had MAP values >100 mmHg as many as 33 people (52.4%). The results of the Sperman Rank test showed a value of p = 0.012, then a value of p = 0.012 <0.05, there was a significant correlation between blood sugar levels at the time of day and MAP in type 2 diabetics with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.398.Keywords: diabetes mellitus; temporary blood sugar levels; mean arterial pressureKadar Gula Darah Sewaktu Terhadap Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) Pada Penderita Diabetes Mellitus Tipe IIABSTRAK Diabetes Melitus (DM) tipe 2 muncul pada usia dewasa dan memiliki proporsi 80% pada diabetes mellitus secara keseluruhan. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui kadar gula darah sewaktu terhadap MAP (Mean Arterial Pressure). Metode menggunakan observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Instrument kuesioner dan lembar observasi, untuk penilaian kadar gula darah sewaktu menggunakan alat glukotest dan untuk pengukuran Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) menggunakan tensimeter digital. Hasil menunjukkan kadar gula darah sewaktu pada penderita diabetes tipe 2 di Kelurahan Tegalsari Kecamatan Candisari Kota Semarang sebanyak 63 responden, memiliki kadar gula darah sewaktu yang normal sebanyak 31 responden (49,3%). Sedangkan Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) penderita diabetes mellitus tipe 2 mayoritas memiliki nilai MAP >100 mmHg sebanyak 33 orang (52,4%). Hasil uji Sperman Rank menunjukkan nilai p=0.012, maka nilai p=0.012 < 0.05, adanya korelasi yang signifikan antara kadar gula darah sewaktu dengan MAP pada penderita diabetes tipe 2 dengan nilai koefisien korelasi r=0,398. Kata Kunci: diabetes meliitus; kadar gula darah sewaktu; mean arterial pressure
Table Top Salt Triage In Improving Pre Hospital Triage Capacity And Disaster Victim Handling Preparedness
Authors: Prasetyowati Christina Dewi , Wahyuni Sri 
Published: July 2023

Disasters have broad and complex impacts, both on humans and the surrounding environment. One of the challenges often faced in health management efforts in disaster areas is the lack of skills of nurses and other health workers in disaster victim preparedness and the ability to carry out pre hospital triage which will ultimately hamper health services. The knowledge and skills of nurses in handling disaster victims including conducting triage on victims are still in the sufficient category at 60%. In pre hospital situations, the correctness of officers in making triage decisions in handling victims has a very important role. The research objective was to determine the effect of the SALT triage table top in improving pre hospital triage capabilities and disaster victim handling preparedness. The research design used was a quasi experiment with a pre-post test with a control group. Sampling using purposive sampling technique. The number of respondents obtained was 78 people. The results of the Wilcoxon test showed a value of p = 0.000, which means that there is an influence of the SALT triage table top in increasing the ability of pre hospital triage and preparedness for handling disaster victims. Keywords: disaster; preparedness; pre hospital; table tops; triageTable Top Salt Triage Dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Triage Pre Hospital Dan Kesiapsiagaan Penanganan Korban BencanaABSTRAK Bencana memiliki dampak yang luas dan kompleks, baik terhadap manusia maupun lingkungan sekitarnya. Salah satu tantangan yang sering dihadapi dalam upaya penanggulangan kesehatan di daerah bencana adalah kekurangan ketrampilan perawat dan tenaga kesehatan lainnya dalam kesiapsiagaan penanganan korban bencana maupun kemampuan melakukan triage pre hospital yang akhirnya akan menghambat pelayanan kesehatan. Pengetahuan dan ketrampilan perawat dalam penanganan korban bencana termasuk melakukan triage terhadap korban masih berada pada kategori cukup sebesar 60%. Pada situasi pre hospital, kebenaran petugas dalam membuat keputusan triage dalam penanganan korban memiliki peran yang sangat penting. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh table top SALT triage dalam meningkatkan kemampuan triage pre hospital dan kesiapsiagaan penanganan korban bencana. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi eksperiment dengan pre-post test with control group. Pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan tehnik purposive sampling. Responden yang didapatkan berjumlah 78 orang. Hasil uji Wilcoxon menunjukkan nilai p = 0,000 yang artinya ada pengaruh table top SALT triage dalam meningkatkan kemampuan triage pre hospital dan kesiapsiagaan penanganan korban bencana. Kata Kunci : bencana; kesiapsiagaan; pre hospital; table top; triage
Metal Chelators as Anticancer Approach: Part I; Novel 7-Anisidine Derivatives with Multidentate at 7-8 Carbons of Fluoroquinolone Scaffold as Potential Chelator Anticancer and Antilipolytic Candidates
Authors: Al-Hiari Yusuf , Arabiyat Shereen , Kasabri Violet , Hamdan Imad , Almasri Ihab , Yasin Mohammad , Al-Saad Dalya 
Published: July 2023

Background: Cancer is one of the greatest troubling maladies currently. It is believed that it is the second reason for death following cardiovascular maladies. Owing to the multiplicity of its types, stages and genetic basis, there is no existing drug to cure all types of cancer. Resistance to present drugs and severe adverse effects are other challenges in the struggle against cancer. In such pursuit, fluoroquinolones (FQs) have the potential as antiproliferative compounds due to safety, low cost, and absence of resistance.
Aims: In this study, we aim to synthesize biologically active compounds that have dual anticancer and anti-lipase potential. Sixteen compounds were prepared, fully characterized, and studied through identification of IC50 values against the highly susceptible cancer cell lines.
Methods: In this work we are concerned with synthesizing biologically active compounds that belong to fluoroquinolones (FQs) with dual anti-colorectal cancer and anti-lipase activity, owing to association between cancer and obesity, conduct titration and docking experiments to validate our hypothesis.
Results: In vitro findings indicated that these compounds demonstrated promising anticancer activity against tested cell lines in micromolar range with a potency comparable to cisplatin. Compound 11 exhibited approximately doubled potency compared to cisplatin against SW620 colorectal cancer cell line with IC50 3.2 μM which proposes FQs as potent antiproliferative agents. The synthesized Fluoroquinolone (FQ) compounds were further screened for their in vitro anti-lipase potential. The findings demonstrated that all the screened compounds have demonstrated remarkable anti-lipase activity, as compared to control molecule orlistat. Compound 9 exhibited comparable activity to orlistat against pancreatic lipase with IC50 0.4 μM which proposes FQs as potent pancreatic lipase inhibitors.
Conclusions: The anticancer potential of these derivatives is referred to their ability to inhibit Topo II which indicates that chelation is the mechanism of inhibition of Topo II emphasized with titration and docking experiments.
Planar Waveguide NMR Gradients (B0 and B1) for spatiotemporal Investigations of Anticancer Drug Concentration in 3D Cancer Cell Cultures
Authors: Telfah Ahmad , Sharar Nour , Jafar Hanan , Hergenröder Roland 
Published: July 2023

Despite the progression in cancer therapeutic approaches, cancer is still the leading cause of death worldwide with a steadily increasing incidence rate. In Jordan, CRC is the most common type of cancer among men and the second most common among women, while being one of the most accruing cancers in Germany.
The difficulties in cancer treatments arise from the poor correlation between in vivo and in in vitro anti-cancer drug testing results and cancer cells resistance to chemotherapy, which are attributed to the heterogeneity of cancer cells, and the interaction of cancer cells with non-cancerous cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In addition to, the several mechanisms, that governs DNA damages repair, epigenetics, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT).
Cell culture techniques have been developed to construct in vitro multicellular cancer spheroids (MTCS) that mimic cell-cells interaction and the cellular organization in the TME. They also illustrate the proliferation gradient of solid tumors, and the nutrition and gas supply to cancer cells at different depth in the spheroid. Therefore, they are considered an excellent in vitro cancer model to study the efficiency and to investigate the penetration depth of the anti-cancer materials.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a reliable analytical method that gives comprehensive and rich chemical information, along with high speciation performance. It is one of the major noninvasive tools for metabolomics, therefore it has been utilized to study the metabolic profiling of freshly isolated- non-destructed tissues, and living in vitro cellular models.
A micro-imaging technique for real-time NMR investigations is developed to study the penetration depth, rate, and effective diffusion coefficients of anti-cancer materials through cancer spheroids. This technique is based on our patented invention of planar waveguide micro slot NMR detector with on board thermal regulator integrated and a microfluidic device. Based on this innovative development, we are able to perform real-time magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) on a living synthetic tissue constructed in micrometer scale to monitor drug penetration and diffusion, while providing spectroscopic information about the production and degradation of metabolites in picomoles concentrations.