bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial distribution of hand‐grasp motor task activity in spinal cord functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Hemmerling Kimberly J. , Hoggarth Mark A. , Sandhu Milap S. , Parrish Todd B. , Bright Molly G. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUpper extremity motor paradigms during spinal cord functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can provide insight into the functional organization of the cord. Hand‐grasping is an important daily function with clinical significance, but previous studies of similar squeezing movements have not reported consistent areas of activity and are limited by sample size and simplistic analysis methods. Here, we study spinal cord fMRI activation using a unimanual isometric hand‐grasping task that is calibrated to participant maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). Two task modeling methods were considered: (1) a task regressor derived from an idealized block design (Ideal) and (2) a task regressor based on the recorded force trace normalized to individual MVC (%MVC). Across these two methods, group motor activity was highly lateralized to the hemicord ipsilateral to the side of the task. Activation spanned C5–C8 and was primarily localized to the C7 spinal cord segment. Specific differences in spatial distribution are also observed, such as an increase in C8 and dorsal cord activity when using the %MVC regressor. Furthermore, we explored the impact of data quantity and spatial smoothing on sensitivity to hand‐grasp motor task activation. This analysis shows a large increase in number of active voxels associated with the number of fMRI runs, sample size, and spatial smoothing, demonstrating the impact of experimental design choices on motor activation.
Adolescents with ADHD and co‐occurring motor difficulties show a distinct pattern of maturation within the corticospinal tract from those without: A longitudinal fixel‐based study
Authors: Hyde Christian , Fuelscher Ian , Efron Daryl , Anderson Vicki A. , Silk Tim J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIt is well documented that attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often presents with co‐occurring motor difficulties. However, little is known about the biological mechanisms that explain compromised motor skills in approximately half of those with ADHD. To provide insight into the neurobiological basis of poor motor outcomes in ADHD, this study profiled the development of white matter organization within the cortico‐spinal tract (CST) in adolescents with ADHD with and without co‐occurring motor problems, as well as non‐ADHD control children with and without motor problems. Participants were 60 children aged 9–14 years, 27 with a history of ADHD and 33 controls. All underwent high‐angular resolution diffusion MRI data at up to three time points (115 in scans total). We screened for motor impairment in all participants at the third time point (≈14 years) using the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCD‐Q). Following pre‐processing of diffusion MRI scans, fixel‐based analysis was performed, and the bilateral CST was delineated using TractSeg. Mean fiber density (FD) and fiber cross‐section (FC) were extracted for each tract at each time‐point. To investigate longitudinal trajectories of fiber development, linear mixed models were performed separately for the left and right CST, controlling for nuisance variables. To examine possible variations in fiber development between groups, we tested whether the inclusion of group and the interaction between age and group improved model fit. At ≈10 years, those with ADHD presented with lower FD within the bilateral CST relative to controls, irrespective of their prospective motor status. While these microstructural abnormalities persisted into adolescence for individuals with ADHD and co‐occurring motor problems, they resolved for those with ADHD alone. Divergent maturational pathways of motor networks (i.e., the CST) may, at least partly, explain motor problems individuals with ADHD.
‘Being a farmer, I mostly always think there is something more important to do’: A mixed methods analysis of the skin cancer detection practices of Australian farmers
Authors: Fletcher Chloe M. E. , Trenerry Camilla , Wilson Carlene , Gunn Kate M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIssue AddressedFarmers experience skin cancer and die from melanoma at significantly higher rates than the general Australian population. This study examined Australian farmers' engagement with self‐skin examinations (SSE), participation in clinical skin examinations (CSE) by a health professional, and self‐reported barriers to engagement with these important skin cancer detection practices.MethodsA cross‐sectional, mixed‐methods design was used. Australian farmers were recruited through an industry‐based organisation representing livestock farmers. Farmers (N = 498; 22–89 years; 83.1% male) responded to a paper‐based survey that included closed‐ and open‐ended questions.ResultsFarmers reported engagement with self‐conducted SSE and routine CSE that was comparable to findings in the general population, but 29.4% of farmers reported that they had not sought a CSE as soon as possible after noticing changes to their skin. Farmers reported a range of barriers to SSE, including physical difficulties examining their skin, difficulties identifying changes in their skin, forgetfulness, and lack of motivation. Barriers to CSE included accessibility, cost, difficulties finding the right doctor, and avoidance and complacency.ConclusionsThere is a need to make clinical skin cancer detection more accessible to farmers, in addition to promoting self‐skin examination and help‐seeking behaviours within this at risk population.So What?Novel approaches are needed to address systemic barriers faced by Australian farmers. These may include the use of teledermatology or artificial intelligence to assist with CSE. Remote training delivery methods may be also utilised to teach SSE skills to farmers who may be otherwise unable to access such opportunities.
A skills‐matching perspective on talent management: Developing strategic agility
Authors: Jooss Stefan , Collings David G. , McMackin John , Dickmann Michael 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDespite two decades of evolution as an area of research and practice, talent management faces ongoing criticism for being overly static in its approach, offering little in terms of enabling strategic agility. This is problematic as organizations increasingly rely on strategic agility to manage their dynamic business operations. Drawing on matching theory and adopting an agility lens, we explore the link between talent management and strategic agility. Through a qualitative research design, encompassing 34 interviews in 15 organizations, we explicate a skills‐matching perspective on talent management, including initial and dynamic skills‐matching in external and internal labor markets. Through this process, organizations can build a set of dynamic capabilities, underlying two meta‐capabilities, strategic sensitivity and resource fluidity, which enable strategic agility. In doing so, we portray skills‐matching as an illustration of a processual view on talent management and create a model of developing strategic agility through skills‐matching, responsive to external and internal demands.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in estuarine sediments as a consequence of the mine tailings remobilization and transport in the Rio Doce basin
Authors: da Silva Cesar A. , Zacché Danillo S. , Lehrback Bethânia D. , Cagnin Renata C. , Costa Eduardo S. , Longhini Cybelle M. , Bernardino Angelo F. , Sá Fabian , Neto Renato R. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The Fundão dam failure in 2015 severely impaired the economy, the lives of riverine communities, and the aquatic ecosystems of the Rio Doce basin in southeast Brazil. Several contaminants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), were transported downstream, deposited in the estuary, and released into the Atlantic Ocean. The high concentration of PAHs in estuarine sediments may pose ecological risks and deleterious effects to benthic organisms, so here we aimed at determining the source and fate of these compounds before and after the tailings’ arrival. The mean concentration of the analyzed Σ16PAHs increased from 34.05 µg kg−1 in the prefailure period to 751.77 µg kg−1 one year after the arrival of the tailing. The classification of the sediment quality changed from low to moderate contamination. Our results suggest that there was PAHs remobilization by mine tailings along the Rio Doce basin. The target analytes exhibited mostly a pyrolytic profile from fossil fuel and biomass burning. In addition to other contaminants deposited in the estuary after the arrival of the tailings, this study revealed that the profile change of PAHs in the estuary region is a consequence of the mud's erosive power. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:169–178. © 2023 SETAC
The upcoming European Soil Monitoring Law: An effective instrument for the protection of terrestrial ecosystems?
Authors: Kotschik Pia , Princz Juliska , Silva Claudia de Lima e , Renaud Mathieu , Marti-Roura Mireia , Brooks Bonnie , Pieper Silvia , Rijk Ingrid , Simini Mike , Andres Sandrine , Scholz-Starke Björn , Grenni Paola 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Soils are a precious resource consistently placed under several threats and urgently in need of protection within a regulatory framework at the European level. Soils are central to the provision of environmental services as well as human existence on earth. The need to protect soil has been identified by several recent European strategies and fortunately, a specific European regulation for soil protection is on the way—the European Soil Monitoring Law (formerly: Soil Health Law). However, efforts need to ensure that the upcoming Soil Monitoring Law closes gaps between existing regulations for chemicals and acknowledges current European strategies for environmental protection and sustainability. This brief communication started from a fruitful discussion among SETAC Global Soils Interest Group members on a recent public consultation on the newly proposed Soil Monitoring Law of the European Commission and highlights critical points focusing on the chemical pollution of soils. We emphasize urgent needs such as the essential definition of a “healthy state” of soils; the implementation of a suitable set of indicators and quality standards for the description of physical, chemical, and biological states of soils; the enforcement of the “polluter-pays” principle; and the establishment of a Europe-wide monitoring program. Results from monitoring need to be fed back into regulatory frameworks, including the regulation of chemicals. Guidance documents for the risk assessment of chemicals are outdated and need to be updated. Finally, actions need to be taken to foster healthy soils, stop biodiversity decline, and ensure the functioning of ecosystem services for future generations. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:316–321. © 2023 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Maize nitrogen uptake and use efficiency, partial factor productivity of nitrogen, and yield response to different nitrogen and water applications under three irrigation methods
Authors: Irmak Suat , Mohammed Ali T. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe effects of irrigation and nitrogen (N) on grain yield, actual crop evapotranspiration (ETa), N uptake efficiency (NUE), partial factor productivity of N (PFPN), and N utilization efficiency (NUtE) of maize (Zea mays L.) under centre pivot (CP), subsurface drip (SDI) and gravity (furrow) irrigation (FI) were quantified. Field experiments were conducted in two growing seasons under the full irrigation treatment (FIT), limited irrigation treatments of 80% FIT and 60% FIT and rainfed treatment (RFT). The highest NUE was observed under limited irrigation in the order of 80% FIT > FIT ≥ 60% FIT in non‐traditional treatment‐1 (NT‐1) in both the CP and SDI methods. NUtE increased with irrigation amount. There were strong correlations between NUtE and grain yield regardless of irrigation method. ETa increased with N amount, and the slopes of these relationships varied substantially between irrigation and N levels and irrigation methods. PFPN increased with irrigation amount across the irrigation methods and N treatments. A higher PFPN was observed in the lowest total applied N plots and in‐season split N application treatments. The pooled data for the CP and SDI methods showed significantly higher PFPN (20.3%) than the FI method, whereas the PFPN values in the CP and SDI methods were equal.
Effects of different ratios of organic and inorganic fertilizer on rice yield and soil physicochemical properties under conventional and controlled irrigation conditions
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , He Ping , Leghari Shah Jahan , Li Yanbin , Gao Shikai , Li Daoxi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWater and fertilizer management practices are critical in rice fields. Excessive application of fertilizer adversely affects soil physicochemical properties, consequently decreasing yield. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the effect of high (L1), medium (L2) and low organic fertilizer ratios (L3) as well as chemical fertilizer alone (L4) and no fertilization (L5) under conventional (C) and controlled irrigation (M) on rice yield and soil characteristics. Statistically, the regression equation was developed by using principal component analysis to clarify the influence of different soil quality factors on rice yield. The results showed that controlled irrigation could increase soil temperature (ST), electrical conductivity (EC) and nitrogen content while decreasing soil pH. The application of organic fertilizer enhanced ST and decreased EC. Under equal nitrogen application conditions, rice yield increased with organic fertilizer application, and it was highest under L1, which was 2.7% higher than L4 and 22% higher than L5. In the case of irrigation methods, controlled irrigation application increased yield by 6% compared to conventional irrigation. The multiple linear regression equation showed that the cumulative contribution of variance of the two principal component eigenvalues reached 75%, among which soil pH, total nitrogen (TN) content and nitrate nitrogen (NO3−‐N) contributed positively to yield, while ammonium nitrogen (NH4+‐N), soil organic carbon (SOC), EC and ST showed negative effects on rice yield. Thus, our study findings can provide a scientific basis for improving management practices.
P℘N functions, complete mappings and quasigroup difference sets
Authors: Anbar Nurdagül , Kalaycı Tekgül , Meidl Wilfried , Riera Constanza , Stănică Pantelimon 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe investigate pairs of permutations of such that is a permutation for every . We show that, in that case, necessarily for some complete mapping of , and call the permutation a perfect nonlinear (PN) function. If , then is a PcN function, which have been considered in the literature, lately. With a binary operation on involving , we obtain a quasigroup, and show that the graph of a PN function is a difference set in the respective quasigroup. We further point to variants of symmetric designs obtained from such quasigroup difference sets. Finally, we analyze an equivalence (naturally defined via the automorphism group of the respective quasigroup) for PN functions, respectively, for the difference sets in the corresponding quasigroup.
β‐Lactoglobulin variants as potential carriers of pramoxine: Comprehensive structural and biophysical studies
Authors: Bonarek Piotr , Mularczyk Dorota , Loch Joanna I. , Kurpiewska Katarzyna , Dziedzicka‐Wasylewska Marta 
Published: August 2023

Abstractβ‐Lactoglobulin (BLG) is a member of the lipocalin family. As other proteins from this group, BLG can be modified to bind specifically compounds of medical interests. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of two mutations, L39Y and L58F, in the binding of topical anesthetic pramoxine (PRM) to β‐lactoglobulin. Circular dichroism spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and X‐ray crystallography were used to understand the mechanisms of BLG–PRM interactions. Studies were performed for three new BLG mutants: L39Y, L58F, and L39Y/L58F. ITC measurements indicated a significant increase in the affinity to the PRM of variants L58F and L39Y. Measurements taken for the double mutant L39Y/L58F showed the additivity of two mutations leading to about 80‐fold increase in the affinity to PRM in comparison to natural protein BLG from bovine milk. The determined crystal structures revealed that pramoxine is accommodated in the β‐barrel interior of BLG mutants and stabilized by hydrophobic interactions. The observed additive effect of two mutations on drug binding opens the possibility for further designing of new BLG variants with high affinity to selected drugs.
A first assessment of ERA5 and ERA5‐Land reanalysis air temperature in Portugal
Authors: Almeida Manuel , Coelho Pedro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study evaluates the reliability of ERA5 and ERA5‐Land reanalysis datasets in describing the mean daily air temperature of four climate domains in mainland Portugal. The reanalysis datasets were compared with ground observations from 94 meteorological stations (1980–2021). Overall, the results demonstrated a good degree of correlation between the observed and reanalysis data on both a daily and seasonal scale. Both the latitudinal distribution of the air temperature and the moderating effect of the Atlantic Ocean are well described. However, in the case of Portugal, the ERA5‐Land was shown to be considerably more effective at describing the mean daily air temperature than ERA5. The results also indicated that, in general, the reanalysis methodologies perform better when applied to air temperature simulation in flatter regions as opposed to regions with high‐altitude and complex terrain. The study further suggests that ERA5 and ERA5‐Land reanalysis should be used with caution in the case of short‐term environmental studies. In fact, relevant differences were shown to exist between the reanalyses and the observed daily mean air temperature datasets for certain specific years. Overall, considering the RMSE between the ERA5‐Land reanalysis datasets for mean daily air temperature and the observed datasets there is a 28% probability of locally having a mean RMSE <1.5°C, 52% probability of having a mean RMSE >1.5°C and <2.0°C, and 16% probability of having a RMSE >2.0°C and <3.0°C. These conclusions will hopefully contribute to improving our understanding of the uncertainty sources in relation to ERA5 and ERA5‐Land reanalysis data for different climate domains.
The ageless approach: Nonoperative mastery competes head‐on with surgery for elderly distal radius fractures
Authors: Yalin Mustafa , Golgelioglu Fatih , Key Sefa 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe aim of the current study is to compare the clinical outcomes of cast immobilization (CI) versus surgical treatment after 1 year for distal radius fractures (DRFs) in the elderly population. The cohort included patients aged 70–89 who suffered an acute, closed, and displaced DRF and who were treated conservatively or surgically at our clinic between August 2018 and January 2022. Those who had pathological fractures, open fractures, concomitant ulna fractures (except ulna styloid fractures), were not between the ages of 70 and 89, or refused to participate were excluded from the study. The study gathered data on patient demographics, initial radiological measurements, clinical measurements after 1 year, treatment models employed, and rates of complications. Of the total number of patients (276), CI was used on 77.2% (213), whereas the other 25 had volar‐locked plates (VLP), 25 received external fixators with percutaneous pinning (EFPP), and 13 had isolated percutaneous pinning (IPP). 19 of 276 individuals had complications, with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome being the most often documented. EFPP resulted in significantly higher Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score values than VLP and IPP at the 1st postoperative year (p < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was found between the DASH score and ROM values at the 1st postoperative year for patients who received CI versus those who underwent surgery (p > 0.05). In the first postoperative year, CI still retains its validity and performs similarly to surgery for DRFs in older individuals. VLPP and IPP methods outperformed EFPP surgeries.
Different responses of enzyme activities to 6‐year warming after transplant of the 12 types of soils
Authors: Miao Shujie , Wu Xingyao , Guo Yan , Zhao Hongfei , Qiao Yunfa 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundSoil enzymes regulate terrestrial nutrient cycles, and their activities are sensitive to environmental change. Facing climate warming, there are still contradictions over soil enzymes of different soil types in response to climate warming.AimsThe present study aims to reveal the impact of elevated temperature on soil properties. Specifically, we intended to explore the relationship between the activity of soil enzyme and soil property facing elevated temperature across soil types.MethodsA long‐term warming experiment was conducted to assess the possible responses of three enzymes (urease, phosphatase, and sucrase) to elevated temperature across 12 soil types. These soils were collected across China and transported to Nanjing in 2016. Free air temperature increase system with an infrared radiation heater was used to elevate the air temperature by 2°C in elevated treatment (eT). Wheat–soybean continuous rotation was cultivated in the long‐term experiment field since 2016. Enzyme activities, soil pH, soil organic carbon, available nitrogen (AN) and phosphorus (AP), and water content were measured after wheat harvest in 2021.ResultsWarming significantly increased the activities of urease and sucrase in most soil types but dramatically decreased phosphatase activity. The responses of the three enzyme activities to warming varied across soil types, which depended on soil properties. In contrast, soil pH was the major driver in regulating urease activity. Soil AN and water content were two key factors for driving phosphatase activity. However, no such relationship was found for sucrase activity. All these responses did not show obvious regional characteristics.ConclusionThese results suggested that soil enzyme was sensitive to air warming, which was associated with different soil properties. Thus, managing soil variables might be a potential strategy to maintain soil enzymatic activity in facing future climate warming.