bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silica‐Confined Ru Species Highly Dispersed on the Porous Ce‐Modified ZrO2 Matrix with Different Redox and Acidity Properties for the Catalytic Combustion of 1,2‐Dichloroethane
Authors: Zhou Wanwan , Chen Lin , Fei Zhaoyang , Liu Qing , Cui Mifen , Qiao Xu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe RuO2@CemZr1−mO2−SiO2 catalysts were synthesized by the spontaneous deposition method. Based on the XRD patterns of various RuO2@CemZr1−mO2−SiO2 catalysts, it was suggested that the Ru noble metal nanoparticles were distributed with high dispersion on the surface of Ce‐modified porous matrix of ZrO2. H2‐TPR and NH3‐TPD confirmed that all catalysts possessed superior redox ability as well as acidity, which were facilitated to the catalytic dichloroethane (DCE) oxidation. From the systematic study of texture structure, surface properties and catalytic activity, we knew that acid sites were shown to be favorable for adsorption as well as activation of DCE and improve the anti‐poisoning property of the catalyst, and the redox ability could facilitate the further oxidation of the intermediate. The optimized RuO2@Ce0.1Zr0.9O2−SiO2 catalyst exhibited superior activity (T90=275 °C at a space velocity of 15000 h−1), good stability (at 300 °C for 50 h) and outstanding tolerance towards moisture (in 5 % moisture). Our work demonstrated the important role of acidity and redox ability over these functionalized catalysts, providing guidance for the advanced catalyst design.
Preparation and Catalytic Properties of Lipase Immobilized on Epoxy‐functionalized Starch Nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Kangjing , Dong Xinyi , Li Ting , Wang Qian , Ding Zhongyang , Dong Weifu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAs a natural macromolecular material, starch is an ideal carrier for enzyme immobilization because of its widely available source, easy regeneration and excellent biodegradability. However, the natural starch cannot be directly used for immobilization due to the large particle size and excessive hydrophilicity. In this paper, the epoxy groups were grafted onto esterified starch by bifunctional reagents. The grafting efficiency of epoxy groups was increased by starvation drop addition. The changes of contact angle and particle size are conducive to the adsorption of immobilized enzyme at the water oil interface in the subsequent enzyme catalytic reaction, hence improve of the lipase activity. The maximum amount of lipase mobilized on such modified starch was ∼143.7 mg/g, which was near 40 mg/g higher than that of those from direct crosslinking. The immobilized enzymes showed excellent resistance to organic solvents and good reusability. Immobilization of lipases on epoxy‐functionalized starch nanoparticles can potentially improves the possibility of enzymes industrial application.
Bimetallic CuO−ZnO Hybrid Nanocomposite Materials for Efficient Remediation of Environmental Pollutants
Authors: Rudresha K. , Zahir Hussain A. , Ravikumar C. R. , Anil Kumar M. R. , Naveen Kumar A. , Manjunatha A. S. , Nagaswarupa H. P. , Amulya Shilpa , Ananda Murthy H. C. , Mallandrich Miret Mireia , Kalam Azad Abul , Madkhali O. , Aljabri Mahmood D. , Marwani Hadi M. , Rahman Mohammed M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPure CuO and 2‐Dimentional CuO−ZnO nanocomposites (NCs) were effectively prepared by an ultrasound‐assisted probe sonication route for different ratios of CuO and ZnO, and the multifunctional properties were investigated by the application of the advanced methods. XRD (X‐ray diffraction) patterns revealed a crystallite size (D) range of 25 to 31 nm for pure CuO and CuO−ZnO NCs. According to calculations, the energy band gap value (Eg) for the NCs is between 2.15 and 2.48 eV. Under UV light irradiation, the photocatalytic degradation of pure CuO and CuO−ZnO NCs on Direct Green (DG) and Fast Blue (FB) dyes was assessed. 60 mg of the catalyst was added to 20 ppm solutions of DG and FB dye. The stock solution of the dyes was prepared 10, 15, 20 and 25 ppm of 250 ml dye solution. Electrochemical analysis using cyclic voltammetry revealed improved redox potential output in the electrode crafted with graphite powder in 0.1 N HCl electrolyte solution. These NCs were used because of their capacity to detect an extremely dangerous chemical like arsenic. The constructed electrode‘s lowest limit of detection was determined to be 110–3 mol/L. In general, vertical linearity was seen in all of the prepared nano‐electrodes, especially above 150 ohms with real axis for pure CuO but beyond 100 ohms for doped electrodes. Based on our study, we conclude that the CuO and ZnO NCs, containing 10 % of ZnO, were the most effective photocatalyst for DG and FB dyes and electrochemical sensor for Arsenic.
Synthesis of Pyrazole, Pyridine, and Pyrimidine Derivatives Incorporating Glucaminoid Moiety and Their Antioxidant, Antitumor Activities and Docking Study
Authors: Al‐Rooqi Munirah M. , Awad Radwa S. , Obaid Rami J. , Jassas Rabab S. , Fadda Ahmed A. , Ahmed Saleh A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe reaction of N‐(4‐(phenyldiazenyl) phenyl) carbonohydrazonoyl dicyanide (2) with N‐methyl glucamine afforded 3‐amino‐3‐(methyl (2,3,4,5,6‐pentahydroxyhexyl)amino)‐2‐((4‐(phenyldiazenyl)phenyl)diazenyl)acrylonitrile (3). Additionally, compound 2 produced the pyrazole derivatives 4 and 6, respectively, by reactions with hydrazine hydrate and malononitrile. Moreover, when enaminonitrile 3 was treated with malononitrile, N,N‐Dimethylformamide ‐ dimethyl acetal, and thiourea, it generated the glucaminoid derivatives 9, 10, and 13, respectively. In pyridine, compound 19 was obtained when enaminonitrile 3 interacted with the carbon disulfide. While in sodium hydroxide in N,N‐Dimethylformamide, instead of pyridine, it afforded the methyl carbamodithioate 23. Finally, pyrimidinethione derivative 26 was produced when the enaminonitrile 3 and phenyl isothiocyanate interacted. All new compounds were well established by both spectral and elemental analyses. The antitumor activities were evaluated by testing their impact on the viability of four different cell lines: HepG2 (human hepatocellular liver carcinoma), WI‐38 (human lung fibroblast), VERO (African green monkey kidney epithelial), and MCF‐7 (human breast adenocarcinoma). The antitumor study showed that compound 23 has very strong antitumor activity against the HEPG‐2 cell line. The synthesized compounds were analyzed by docking studies that showed good binding scores against the diverse amino acids of the selected proteins B‐Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma‐2 (Bcl‐2). The conducted docking studies were found to be consistent with cytotoxic results.
Core‐Shell‐Structured FeNx@Graphite Carbon Nanofibers as Highly Active and Stable Electrocatalysts for Zn‐Air Batteries
Authors: Pu Yi , Guo Peiqi , Zhang Xiaoyang , Zhu Bin , Zhu Haijiang , Mei Yanan , Lin Xiaoyu , Wan Xinming , Tang Hui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe exploitation of high‐performance, durable, and low‐cost oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts is crucial for energy storage and convert devices. Herein, a core‐shell structured catalyst (FeNx@graphite carbon) is developed by coaxial electrospinning. The resulting nanofibers combines the distinguished activity of FeNx and the good conductivity and stability of graphite carbon. This unique core‐shell structure with potential synergistic interaction leads to high activity and outstanding stability. As an excellent cathode catalyst for the Zn‐air battery, FeNx@graphite carbon displays an outstanding open‐circuit voltage (1.592 V), a high peak power density (100 mW cm−2) and stable rechargeability (30 h), outperforming that of Pt/C assembled Zn‐air battery. Our work provides a guide to rational design for achieving both high ORR activity and good stability.
Preparation of Double‐Layer Hollow Porous Carbon Microspheres by a Hydrothermal Method
Authors: He Shuiqing , Yuan Hong , Yang Xiang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDouble‐layer hollow porous carbon microspheres (DPCMs) with high specific surface area (up to 57.3 m2/g) were synthesized by a hydrothermal method using sucrose as the carbon source, SnCl4 ⋅ 5H2O as the porogen, and sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium polyacrylate as the anionic surfactant and dispersant, respectively. The thickness and morphology of the inner and outer layers of the DPCMs (spherical, bowl‐like, mushroom‐like, or ellipsoidal) could be adjusted by changing the hydrothermal conditions. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR) showed that the surface of the DPCMs was rich in −OH and −COOH functional groups, which was beneficial for subsequent chemical modification of the DPCMs. Because the prepared DPCM had a reactive surface layer and a stable carbonaceous double‐layer structure, the material could be used in supercapacitors and biochemistry, and as catalyst carriers, adsorption materials, and electrode materials, among other applications.
A “Win–Win” Strategy to Modify Co/C Foam with Carbon Microspheres for Enhanced Dielectric Loss and Microwave Absorption Characteristics
Authors: Wang Fengyuan , Liu Yonglei , Feng Rida , Wang Xuan , Han Xijiang , Du Yunchen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract3D carbon foams have demonstrated their superiority in the field of microwave absorption recently, but the preparation processes of traditional graphene foams are complicated, while some novel carbon foams usually suffer from inadequate dielectric property. Herein, a simple “win–win” strategy is demonstrated to synchronously realize the construction of 3D Co/C foam and its surface decoration with carbon microspheres. Therein, the host Co/C foams and guest carbon microspheres interact with each other, resulting in the improvement of the dispersity of carbon microspheres and Co nanoparticles. The bilaterally synergistic effect can effectively enhance the interfacial polarization and conductive loss of these obtained samples. Electromagnetic analysis reveals that the optimized sample with moderate carbon microsphere content (about 33.5 wt%) displays a widened maximum effective absorption bandwidth of 5.2 GHz and a consolidated reflection loss intensity of −67.6 dB. Besides, the microwave absorption enhancement mechanisms are investigated and discussed in detail. It is believed that this work provides valuable ideas for the development of 3D‐foam‐based microwave absorbing materials for practical applications.
Hydrogel Electrolyte Enabled High‐Performance Flexible Aqueous Zinc Ion Energy Storage Systems toward Wearable Electronics
Authors: Weng Gao , Yang Xianzhong , Wang Zhiqi , Xu Yan , Liu Ruiyuan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo cater to the swift advance of flexible wearable electronics, there is growing demand for flexible energy storage system (ESS). Aqueous zinc ion energy storage systems (AZIESSs), characterizing safety and low cost, are competitive candidates for flexible energy storage. Hydrogels, as quasi‐solid substances, are the appropriate and burgeoning electrolytes that enable high‐performance flexible AZIESSs. However, challenges still remain in designing suitable and comprehensive hydrogel electrolyte, which provides flexible AZIESSs with high reversibility and versatility. Hence, the application of hydrogel electrolyte‐based AZIESSs in wearable electronics is restricted. A thorough review is required for hydrogel electrolyte design to pave the way for high‐performance flexible AZIESSs. This review delves into the engineering of desirable hydrogel electrolytes for flexible AZIESSs from the perspective of electrolyte designers. Detailed descriptions of hydrogel electrolytes in basic characteristics, Zn anode, and cathode stabilization effects as well as their functional properties are provided. Moreover, the application of hydrogel electrolyte‐based flexible AZIESSs in wearable electronics is discussed, expecting to accelerate their strides toward lives. Finally, the corresponding challenges and future development trends are also presented, with the hope of inspiring readers.
Topological Regulating Bismuth Nano‐Semiconductor for Immunogenic Cell Death‐Mediated Sonocatalytic Hyperthermia Therapy
Authors: Chen Guobo , Yang Zhijin , Du Jun , He Zongyan , Zhang Yule , Zheng Kejie , Cai Shuqi , Chen Mengya , Li Yuhao , Zheng Lulu , Miao Yuqing , Zhang Dawei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractImmunogenic cell death (ICD) can activate the body's immune system via dead cell antigens to achieve immunotherapy. Currently, small molecule drugs have been used for ICD treatment in clinical, however, how to precisely control the induced ICD while treating tumors is of great significance for improving therapeutic efficacy. Based on this, a sono/light dual response strategy to tumor therapy and activation of ICD is proposed. A topological synthesis method is used to obtain sulfur‐doped bismuth oxide Bi2O3−xSx (BS) using BiF3 (BF) as a template through reduction and a morphology‐controllable bismuth‐based nano‐semiconductor with a narrow bandgap is constructed. Under the stimulation of ultrasound, BS can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the sonocatalytic process, which cooperates with BS to consume glutathione and enhance cellular oxidative damage, further inducing ICD. Due to the introduction of sulfur in the reduction reaction, BS can achieve photothermal conversion under light, and combine with ROS to treat tumors. Further, with the assistance of ivermectin (IVM) to form composite (BSM), combined with sono/light dual strategy, ICD is promoted and DCs maturation is accelerated. The proposed ICD‐mediated hyperthermia/sonocatalytic therapy strategy will pay the way for synergetic enhancement of tumor treatment efficacy and provide a feasible idea for controllable induction of ICD.
Impact of stone quarries on groundwater quality at Achenkovil River Basin, Southern Western Ghats, India: Investigation using WQI and GIS
Authors: Reghunadh Kumar , Antony Sibin , Arun Vijayan , Krishnakumar Appukuttanpillai , Abhirami Jalaja Satheesh , Shehna Seethi , Shaziya Shajahan , Vishnu Maya Thekkum Madathil , Krishnan Krishnan Anoop 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe quality concern of groundwater owing to human activities is mounting at a shocking rate in many of the river basins in Southern India. A study was carried out in this work to determine the quality of groundwater in the Achenkovil River Basin (ARB) in the Southern Western Ghats region of Kerala, India. A total of 25 dug well water samples were collected from the vicinity of aggregate quarries during the pre and post monsoon seasons of 2020–2021. The water quality index has been applied to categorize the water quality, namely, excellent, good, poor, etc. to infer the quality of water to the people and policy makers in the concerned area. The WQI results showed that 12% of the water samples in good and 28% depict in very poor category. The Hill‐Piper Trilinear diagram reveals that the groundwater of the study area falls under Ca2+/Mg2+, and HCO3− and SO42−, Cl−, Mg2+ types. The hydro‐chemistry of the rock‐dominant water type of the quarrying area is inhibited by geogenic‐processes along with the percolation of prevailing quarry leachate and infiltration into the nearby wells. The correlation matrix has been created and analyzed to observe their significant impetus on the assessment of groundwater quality. The overall quality of groundwater systems in the quarrying area, according to the various indices, is not fit for domestic consumption without mandatory quality treatment, but is suitable for irrigation.
Identification genetic variations in some heat shock protein genes of Tali goat breed and study their structural and functional effects on relevant proteins
Authors: Rezvannejad Elham , Mousavizadeh SeyedAzim 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundAnimals of different regions have adapted to adverse environmental conditions by modifying their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics in the long run.ObjectivesIn this study, the effect of genetic variations of 10 heat shock protein (HSP) genes (HSP70A4, HSP70A9, HSP40C17, HSP40C27, HSP90AA1, HSP90AB1, HSPB7, HSPB11, HSPD1 and HSPE1) on the three‐dimensional protein structure and function of proteins in Tali goat (a tropical breed) were studied and were compared with Saanen goat (as a sensitive breed).MethodsA pooled DNA of 15 samples from blood was sequenced and mapped to the goat reference sequence. The bioinformatics analysis was used to identify nsSNPs in the Tali breed and was compared with the Saanen goat. Four online bioinformatics tools (Sorting Intolerant from Tolerant, Protein Variation Effect Analyzer, Polymorphism Phenotyping version2 and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Database and Gene Ontology) showed three deleterious missense nsSNPs and seven natural missense SNPs in these HSPs genes of Tali goat.ResultsOut of 10 reported nsSNPs, 5 nsSNPs in HSP70A4, 1 nsSNP inHSP70A9, 2 nsSNPs in HSP40C17, 1 nsSNP in HSP40C27 and 1 nsSNP in HSPD1 were detected. ConSurf tools showed that the majority of the predicted nsSNPs occur in conserved sites. Moreover, several post‐translational modification (PTM) predictors computed the probability of post‐translation change of nsSNPs. The putative phosphorylation and glycosylation sites in HSPs proteins were substitutions rs669769139 and rs666336692 of the Tali goat breed.ConclusionThese results on the effect of type of genetic variants on the function of HSP proteins will assist to predict the resistance to hard conditions in goat breeds. Considering that the identified SNPid rs669769139 (S248) which is located on the N‐terminal ATPase domain of HSP70A4 is a PTM site with a highly conserved score and a natural substitution on changing the stability and benign protein that can affect the functional and structural characterization of HSPs protein for adaptation to the local climate.
Collaborative Project to Improve Teaching of Cams’ Kinematic and Dynamic Analysis Using Spreadsheets
Authors: Pleguezuelos Miguel , Sánchez Miryam B. , Pedrero José I. , Castejón Miguel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we present a learning experience for the improvement of kinematic and dynamic cam analysis teaching through the development of a collaborative project among subject students, based on the realisation of an application in Excel using its ease of use and matrix calculation capacity. For the examination of various cam types, motion programmes, and kinematic response curves, a large class of families of preconfigured curves is evaluated. Similarly, cam sizing is determined by geometric constraints such as pressure angle and radius of curvature. Students from the UNED School of Industrial Engineering perform all of the tasks described. This experience is part of a series of similar projects aimed at improving the academic performance of students involved in these activities by teaching the theory of machine elements.
Tubular Structure of an Urban Electric Vehicle with High Crashworthiness Performance
Authors: Velasco Manrique Jorge , Ingelmo Gómez Marta , Romo García Javier , López Vicente José Antonio , Cañibano Álvarez Esteban 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis work summarizes the methodology and results of the design of a light and safe vehicle structure based on high-strength steel, aiming at its introduction in urban environments. The structure is made of a tubular chassis design easily scalable and modular, taking into consideration safety features from the very beginning of the design stage. The structural integrity of the vehicle from a static point of view is validated through torsional and bending stiffness simulations and experiments, as well as fatigue assessment. The crashworthiness is evaluated by applying the procedures set in regulations R137, R95 and R94, with special emphasis on vehicle occupants’ protection and on other vulnerable road users, with the objective of achieving a 4-stars EuroNCAP rating.
Experimental Study of Two-Phase Thermosyphons with a Constant Length-To-Inner Diameter Ratio for Geothermal Applications
Authors: Salinas-Moreno Matías , Melo-Arce Nelson , Cisterna Luis H. R. , Fuentealba Alexis , Condori Camilo Flores , Fuentealba Orrego Alexis Gabriel , Cisterna Luis Rodriguez 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this work, the validity of the length-to-inner diameter ratio (L/D) as a scaling tool in extra-long two-phase thermosyphons for geothermal applications has been experimentally studied. Two thermosyphons with different dimensions were studied, maintaining the L/D equal to 110. The results obtained show that the thermosyphon of smaller size and larger inner diameter operated at higher vapor temperatures (up to $$20\,^\circ {\text{C}}$$) and lower thermal resistances (up to 50%), showing that the L/D ratio is not sufficient to scale thermosyphons without losing fundamental information on the operation of these devices. A characteristic length, given by D2/L, has been proposed, which allows reducing by 30% the differences between the thermal resistance of both thermosyphons.
Design of a Condensing Heat Recovery Integrated with an Electrostatic Precipitator for Wood Heaters
Authors: Farías Oscar , Cornejo Pablo , Cuevas Cristian , Jimenez Jorge , Valín Meylí , Garcés Claudio , Gallardo Sebastian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHigh emission of particulate matter from fixed sources of biomass combustion and the effects on the health of the population have driven the implementation of public policies for changes in the energy matrix and a technological replacement in Chile. Due to this, a prototype of a condensing heat exchanger is developed integrating an electrostatic precipitator, seeking to enhance the positive effects of these technologies in a single and relatively compact device. The state of the art shows similar developments, but with high levels of complexity in construction, as a shell and tube heat exchanger, that is why the concept of a thermocannon was optimized to condense the moisture present in the fumes and reduce smoke emissions through an electric field. It is expected that using an electrostatic precipitator, up to 90% of particulate matter emissions will be captured, and thermal efficiencies of an additional 9%. For its design, heat transfer and thermodynamics models were used and validated through CFD modeling.
Effect of the Sierpinski Carpet on the Convective Flow on a Squared Fin Under Natural Convection
Authors: Torres-Bárcenas Aram , Vargas-Domínguez Roberto Alejandro , Debernardi-Aguirre Carlos Arturo , Solorio-Ordaz Francisco Javier , Martínez Rafael Chávez- 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe present experimental work is aimed to study the convective flow generated on the surface of four squared copper fins of 10 cm per side and 0.314 cm thickness. Three of them were manufactured according to the first three iterations of the Sierpinski carpet fractal. The experiments were carried out for different input power at the base of the fins, 4.7 W, 9.0 W, and 13.7 W. Particle image velocimetry was used to measure the velocity fields and the Schlieren technique to visualize the thermal boundary layer. Results showed that higher the input power, higher the velocity of the hydrodynamic boundary layer. In addition, the thermal and the hydrodynamic boundary layers increased in thickness. On the other hand, the heat exchange area diminishes for the higher iterations of the fractal, resulting in lower velocities of the hydrodynamic boundary layer and smaller temperature gradients on the thermal boundary layer. Furthermore, the manufactured perforations disturb the convective flow.