bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Bran and Hull Retention on the Sensory and Nutrients Composition of “Ogi Flour” Prepared from Maize, Millet and Sorghum
Authors: Friday Owuno , Monday Akusu , Jessica Obioma 
Published: January 2023

The effect of Bran and Hull retention on the sensory and nutrient composition of “Ogi flour prepared from maize, millet are sorghum were investigated. The maize and sorghum were soaked for 72 hours, while the millet was soaked for 48 hours, decanted, washed and wet milled into a paste which was oven dried at 50°C for 24 hours and milled into fine flour. The proximate composition, functional properties, pasting properties of the “Ogi” flour was determined as well as evaluating the sensory properties. The moisture content, ash, fat, crude fibre, protein and carbohydrate respectively ranged thus: 2.63 – 8.67%, 1.13 – 1.41%, 4.57 – 7.20%, 1.30 – 5.75%, 4.27 – 7.87% and 75.84 – 82.88%. The presence of Bran and Hulls led to a decrease in moisture content, on increase in ash fat and protein content with decrease in carbohydrate values. The bulk density, water absorption capacity, swelling power and solubility respectively ranged as follows: 0.56 – 0.61g/ml, 1.00 – 2.00g/g, 5.50 – 6.95g/g, 16.10 – 24.40% the presence of Bran led to a decrease in bulk density in maize and millet ogi, a decrease in water absorption capacity in millet and sorghum ogi. The pastry properties of peak, trough breakdown, final and setback viscosities showed a decrease in values from the control samples values for peak time died not differ significantly (P<0.05) between the sieved and unseived ogi flours. While the presence of Bran and Hulls increased pasting temperature in maize and sorghum ogi flours. Result for sensory evaluation showed the control samples were the most preferred for all the attributes. This study revealed that ogi flour can be prepared with a by-pass of the sieving process to enhance nutrient retention.
Evaluation of High-Deductible Health Plans and Acute Glycemic Complications Among Adults With Diabetes
Authors: Jiang David H. , Herrin Jeph , Van Houten Holly K. , McCoy Rozalina G. 
Published: January 2023

ImportanceOptimal diabetes care requires regular monitoring and care to maintain glycemic control. How high-deductible health plans (HDHPs), which reduce overall spending but may impede care by increasing out-of-pocket expenses, are associated with risks of severe hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia is unknown.ObjectiveTo examine the association between an employer-forced switch to HDHP and severe hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study used deidentified administrative claims data for privately insured adults with diabetes from a single insurance carrier with multiple plans across the US between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2018. Analyses were conducted between May 15, 2020, and November 3, 2022.ExposuresPatients with 1 baseline year of enrollment in a non-HDHP whose employers subsequently forced a switch to an HDHP were compared with patients who did not switch.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMixed-effects logistic regression models were used to examine the association between switching to an HDHP and the odds of severe hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia (ascertained using diagnosis codes in emergency department [ED] visits and hospitalizations), adjusting for patient age, sex, race and ethnicity, region, income, comorbidities, glucose-lowering medications, baseline ED and hospital visits for hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, and baseline deductible amount, and applying inverse propensity score weighting to account for potential treatment selection bias.ResultsThe study population was composed of 42 326 patients who switched to an HDHP (mean [SD] age: 52 [10] years, 19 752 [46.7%] women, 7375 [17.4%] Black, 5740 [13.6%] Hispanic, 26 572 [62.8%] non-Hispanic White) and 202 729 patients who did not switch (mean [SD] age, 53 [10] years, 89 828 [44.3%] women, 29 551 [14.6%] Black, 26 689 [13.2%] Hispanic, 130 843 [64.5%] non-Hispanic White). When comparing all study years, switching to an HDHP was not associated with increased odds of experiencing at least 1 hypoglycemia-related ED visit or hospitalization (OR, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.95-1.06]; P = .85), but each year of HDHP enrollment did increase these odds by 2% (OR, 1.02 [95% CI, 1.00-1.04]; P = .04). In contrast, switching to an HDHP did significantly increase the odds of experiencing at least 1 hyperglycemia-related ED visit or hospitalization (OR, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.11-1.42]; P &amp;lt; .001), with each year of HDHP enrollment increasing the odds by 5% (OR, 1.05 [95% CI, 1.01-1.09]; P = .02).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, employer-forced switching to an HDHP was associated with increased odds of potentially preventable acute diabetes complications, potentially because of delayed or deferred care. These findings suggest that employers should be more judicious in their health plan offerings, and health plans and policy makers should consider allowing preventive and high-value services to be exempt from deductible requirements.
Characterization of Applicant Preference Signals, Invitations for Interviews, and Inclusion on Match Lists for Residency Positions in Urology
Authors: Grauer Ralph , Ranti Daniel , Greene Kirsten , Gorin Michael A. , Menon Mani , Zorc Saša 
Published: January 2023

ImportancePreference signals were to be implemented in over 15 specialties during the 2022-2023 residency match. Analyzing results from the implementation of signals during the American Urological Association (AUA) urology match may inform future behavior.ObjectiveTo characterize applicant and program signal usage and results in the Society of Academic Urology and AUA databases with respect to interview invites and rank list creation.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study involved all applicants and residencies in the 2021-2022 AUA match with data analysis conducted in April through July 2022.ExposuresFive signals indicating interest.Main Outcomes and MeasuresUsing verified match and survey data reported by applicants and programs, a logistic regression was performed on applicant factors associated with obtaining an interview—the main outcome (using inclusion on rank list as a proxy): age, gender, degree (MD or DO), dispersal of signal, US senior status, racial minority group status, Latino ethnicity, international medical graduate status, presence of a home program, AUA geographic section, and US Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 score. Applicant signal dispersal strategies were stratified by applicant and program competitiveness, as well as program behavior upon receipt of signal with respect to extending interviews and rank list ordering of applicants.ResultsA total of 2659 signals were sent by 553 candidates (mean [SD] age, 27.4 [2.9] years; 179 female [32.4%], 154 racial minority candidates [38.8%]) submitting rank lists for 364 positions at 143 programs. Programs received a median (IQR) of 352 (295-411) applications and were signaled to a median of 16 (8-26) times each. In a logistic regression estimating interview status, geographic proximity (OR, 3.25; 95% CI, 2.05-5.15; P = .001) and signal status (OR, 6.04; 95% CI, 3.50-10.40; P &amp;lt; .001) were associated with receiving an interview. Using multiple imputation by chained equations to impute missing data and broadening the data set, male gender (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.45-0.92; P = .04) and international medical graduate status (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.15-0.81; P = .04) were negative variables, while MD degree (OR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.27-4.36; P = .02) and US senior status (OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.13-3.23; P = .04) were positive variables.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study of the usage and trends of the newly added preference signals reported the most common strategies for signal dispersal; in an analysis of factors involved in obtaining an interview, geographic similarity between applicant and program and preference signal usage were associated with successful applications.
Flexural strength and load–deformation relationship of fly‐ash‐based geopolymer concrete beams
Authors: Shibayama Atsushi , Nishiyama Minehiro 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFour‐point bending tests were conducted to investigate the flexural properties of fly‐ash‐based geopolymer concrete beams. Although geopolymer concrete has a stress–strain relationship with brittle compressive softening behavior, it can be used as a flexural member because it exhibits ductile bending moment–deflection relationships when used with compression reinforcing bars and transverse reinforcement. The test results revealed that the conventional design method can be used to estimate the bending moment–deflection relationship of geopolymer concrete beams. However, the stiffness reduction ratio for yielding must be modified to consider the difference in the modulus of elasticity between geopolymer concrete and ordinary Portland cement concrete.
Construction of Fluorinated Propane‐Trap in Metal–Organic Frameworks for Record Polymer‐Grade Propylene Production under High Humidity Conditions
Authors: Wang Yong , Li Tong , Li Libo , Lin Rui‐Biao , Jia Xiaoxia , Chang Zeyu , Wen Hui‐Min , Chen Xiao‐Ming , Li Jinping 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPropane/propene (C3H8/C3H6) separation is essential in the petrochemical industry but challenging because of their similar physical and chemical properties. Adsorptive separation with C3H8‐selective porous materials can energy‐efficiently produce high‐purity C3H6, which is highly promising for replacing conventional cryogenic distillation but suffers from unsatisfactory performance. Herein, through the precise incorporation of fluorinated functional groups into the confined pore space, a new fluorinated metal–organic framework (FDMOF‐2) featuring the unique and strong C3H8‐trap is successfully constructed. FDMOF‐2 exhibits an unprecedented C3H8 capture capacity of 140 cm3 cm−3 and excellent C3H8/C3H6 (1:1, v/v) selectivity up to 2.18 (298 K and 1 bar), thus setting new benchmarks for all reported porous materials. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies reveal that the tailored pore confinement in FDMOF‐2 provides stronger and multiple attractive interactions with C3H8, enabling excellent binding affinities. Breakthrough experiments demonstrate that C3H8 can be directly extracted from various C3H8/C3H6 mixtures with FDMOF‐2, affording an outstanding C3H6 production (501 mmol L−1) with over 99.99% purity. Benefiting from the robust framework and hydrophobic ligands, the separation performance of FDMOF‐2 can be well maintained even under 70% relative humidity conditions.
Interface Modulation of Metal Sulfide Anodes for Long‐Cycle‐Life Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Mei , Chang Xiaoqing , Wang Liuqi , Wang Xingyu , Gu Mengyan , Huang Hao , Tang Lingyu , Zhong Yiren , Xia Hui 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAlthough studies of transition metal sulfides (TMS) as anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries are extensively reported, the short cycle life is still a thorny problem that impedes their practical application. In this work, a new capacity fading mechanism of the TMS electrodes is demonstrated; that is, the parasitic reaction between electrolyte anions (i.e., ClO4−) and metal sulfides yields non‐conductive and unstable solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) and meanwhile, corrosively turns metal sulfides into less‐active oxides. This knowledge guides the development of an electrochemical strategy to manipulate the anion decomposition and construct a stable interface that prevents extensive parasitic reactions. It is shown that introducing sodium nitrate to the electrolyte radically changes the Na+ solvation structure by populating nitrate ions in the first solvation sheath, generating a stable and conductive SEI layer containing both Na3N and NaF. The optimized interface enables an iron sulfide anode to stably cycle for over 2000 cycles with negligible capacity loss, and a similar enhancement in cycle performance is demonstrated on a number of other metal sulfides. This work discloses metal sulfides’ cycling failure mechanism from a unique perspective and highlights the critical importance of manipulating the interface chemistry in sodium‐ion batteries.
Chemical Tuning of Metal Nanocatalysts Interface for ORR Electrocatalysis
Authors: Lenne Quentin , Mattiuzzi Alice , Jabin Ivan , Hamon Jonathan , Leroux Yann R. , Lagrost Corinne 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA series of surface‐functionalized gold nanocatalysts are synthesized. Through diazonium chemistry, calix[4]arene molecules are grafted at the gold surface. Sharing the same anchoring function and a common backbone, the calix[4]arene ligands possess distinct terminal chemical functions where the length, hydrophobic nature, and oxygen affinity are varied. Thanks to the versatility of the calix[4]arene platform, this paper only focuses on the molecular tuning of the solid/liquid interface through the change of the tail groups while electronic effects that are regulated by the anchoring function will be similar for all catalysts. Electrocatalytic tests demonstrate the influence of the tails group on the oxygen reduction reaction performances, including efficiency, selectivity, and durability. Beyond a pure geometric steric effect, it is shown that chemical properties of the ligands can effectively tune the interactions between the metallic catalyst and the electrolyte and reactants.
Flat Bands for Electrons in Rhombohedral Graphene Multilayers with a Twin Boundary
Authors: Garcia‐Ruiz Aitor , Slizovskiy Sergey , Fal'ko Vladimir I. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTopologically protected flat surface bands make thin films of rhombohedral graphite an appealing platform for searching for strongly correlated states of 2D electrons. In this work, rhombohedral graphite is studied with a twin boundary stacking fault and the semimetallic and topological properties of low‐energy bands, localized at the surfaces and at the twinned interface, are analyzed. An effective 4‐band low energy model is derived, where the full set of Slonczewski–Weiss–McClure (SWMcC) parameters is implemented, and the conditions for the bands are found to be localized at the twin boundary, protected from the environment‐induced disorder. This protection together with a high density of states at the charge neutrality point, in some cases—due to a Lifshitz transition, makes this system a promising candidate for hosting strongly‐correlated effects.
Photochromism and Long Persistent Luminescence in Pr3+‐Doped Garnet Transparent Ceramic via UV or Blue Light Up‐Conversion Charging
Authors: Du Qiping , Ueda Jumpei , Zheng Ruilin , Tanabe Setsuhisa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMultifunctional phosphors with photochromism and persistent luminescent (PersL) properties have attracted increasing interest owing to the capability of absorbing the photon energy and trapping the generated carriers via defects. However, the opacity of materials compromises the enhancement of photochromism and PersL properties; besides, the need of high energy excitation light source limits their applicability. To bridge these obstacles, Pr3+‐doped Y3Al2Ga3O12 transparent ceramic with in‐line transmittance over 80% at 1,800 nm is reported, which exhibits strong red PersL after several minutes UV light or blue light up‐conversion charging. The luminance duration time can reach >7 h at 0.32 mcd m−2 threshold value after UV light charging. Interestingly, the phosphor also displays photochromic properties with robust fatigue resistance, i.e., the color changes from light green to red by UV/blue light illumination and is bleached at 300 °C. The nature of trap centers, trapping and detrapping processes is explored based on thermoluminescence and electron spin resonance. Finally, the mechanism of photochromism and PersL is discussed by using vacuum referred binding energy diagram. This work opens new avenues for future research on multifunctional materials and brings potential applications in optical information encryption media and optical sensors.
Site Selective Concerted Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitutions of Azole‐Ligated Diaryliodonium Salts
Authors: Vlasenko Yulia A. , Kuczmera Thomas J. , Antonkin Nikita S. , Valiev Rashid R. , Postnikov Pavel S. , Nachtsheim Boris J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDiaryliodonium salts are electrophilic arylation reagents in transition metal‐catalyzed and transition metal‐free reaction methods. Herein we present the application of azole‐stabilized diaryliodonium salts with additional thiophene‐2‐yl‐ligands as substrates for metal‐free nucleophilic arylations. Besides their synthesis, we demonstrate their application in chemoselective nitrations, oxygenations, aminations as well as thiolations under umpolung conditions. Convenient one‐pot procedures based on their in situ formation are also discussed.magnified image
Synthesis and Functionalization of Graphene Materials for Biomedical Applications: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Perspectives
Authors: Xiao Yuqin , Pang Yoong Xin , Yan Yuxin , Qian Ping , Zhao Haitao , Manickam Sivakumar , Wu Tao , Pang Cheng Heng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSince its discovery in 2004, graphene is increasingly applied in various fields owing to its unique properties. Graphene application in the biomedical domain is promising and intriguing as an emerging 2D material with a high surface area, good mechanical properties, and unrivalled electronic and physical properties. This review summarizes six typical synthesis methods to fabricate pristine graphene (p‐G), graphene oxide (GO), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), followed by characterization techniques to examine the obtained graphene materials. As bare graphene is generally undesirable in vivo and in vitro, functionalization methods to reduce toxicity, increase biocompatibility, and provide more functionalities are demonstrated. Subsequently, in vivo and in vitro behaviors of various bare and functionalized graphene materials are discussed to evaluate the functionalization effects. Reasonable control of dose (<20 mg kg−1), sizes (50–1000 nm), and functionalization methods for in vivo application are advantageous. Then, the key biomedical applications based on graphene materials are discussed, coupled with the current challenges and outlooks of this growing field. In a broader sense, this review provides a comprehensive discussion on the synthesis, characterization, functionalization, evaluation, and application of p‐G, GO, and rGO in the biomedical field, highlighting their recent advances and potential.
The Rising Aerogel Fibers: Status, Challenges, and Opportunities
Authors: Sheng Zhizhi , Liu Zengwei , Hou Yinglai , Jiang Haotian , Li Yuzhen , Li Guangyong , Zhang Xuetong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAerogel fibers garner tremendous scientific interest due to their unique properties such as ultrahigh porosity, large specific surface area, and ultralow thermal conductivity, enabling diverse potential applications in textile, environment, energy conversion and storage, and high‐tech areas. Here, the fabrication methodologies to construct the aerogel fibers starting from nanoscale building blocks are overviewed, and the spinning thermodynamics and spinning kinetics associated with each technology are revealed. The huge pool of material choices that can be assembled into aerogel fibers is discussed. Furthermore, the fascinating properties of aerogel fibers, including mechanical, thermal, sorptive, optical, and fire‐retardant properties are elaborated on. Next, the nano‐confining functionalization strategy for aerogel fibers is particularly highlighted, touching upon the driving force for liquid encapsulation, solid–liquid interface adhesion, and interfacial stability. In addition, emerging applications in thermal management, smart wearable fabrics, water harvest, shielding, heat transfer devices, artificial muscles, and information storage, are discussed. Last, the existing challenges in the development of aerogel fibers are pointed out and light is shed on the opportunities in this burgeoning field.
Multilayer Dielectric Elastomer with Reconfigurable Electrodes for Artificial Muscle
Authors: Fu Hongbo , Jiang Yong , Lv Jian , Huang Yao , Gai Zipeng , Liu Ying , Lee Pooi See , Xu Hong , Wu Daming 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHigh‐performance multilayer dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) are well‐positioned to overcome the insufficient output force and energy density as artificial muscles. However, due to the fabrication process, the multilayer DEAs with nonmodifiable structures often suffer from the limitation of short lifespans and scalable preparation. Herein, reusable multilayer DEAs with the detachable and reconfigurable structure are fabricated. This is achieved by realizing scalable compliant electrodes using the continuous spatial confining forced network assembly (CSNA) method and combining the vacuum lamination (VL) approach to have good attachability and detachability with the VHB dielectric elastomer. The flexible roller‐based CSNA method is used to prepare the large area compliant electrodes composed ofα,ω‐dihydroxy polydimethylsiloxane and electrically conductive nanoparticles. The fabricated electrodes can continuously work over 10 000 cycles at 40% strained stretching and maintain smooth surfaces to construct multilayer DEAs. Moreover, owing to the detachable configuration of the DEAs, the electrodes can also be recovered and reused for building new actuators. The lower limb assistive device is demonstrated by detachable multilayer spring roll DEAs, achieving approximately 3.1 degrees of flexion and extension movement of knee models under a voltage of 7 kV. The detachable and reconfigurable multilayer DEAs shed new light on the applications of wearable assistive devices.
Mechanically Strong, Freeze‐Resistant, and Ionically Conductive Organohydrogels for Flexible Strain Sensors and Batteries
Authors: Lyu Jiayu , Zhou Qingya , Wang Haifeng , Xiao Qi , Qiang Zhe , Li Xiaopeng , Wen Jin , Ye Changhuai , Zhu Meifang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractConductive hydrogels as promising material candidates for soft electronics have been rapidly developed in recent years. However, the low ionic conductivity, limited mechanical properties, and insufficient freeze‐resistance greatly limit their applications for flexible and wearable electronics. Herein, aramid nanofiber (ANF)‐reinforced poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) organohydrogels containing dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/H2O mixed solvents with outstanding freeze‐resistance are fabricated through solution casting and 3D printing methods. The organohydrogels show both high tensile strength and toughness due to the synergistic effect of ANFs and DMSO in the system, which promotes PVA crystallization and intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions between PVA molecules as well as ANFs and PVA, confirmed by a suite of characterization and molecular dynamics simulations. The organohydrogels also exhibit ultrahigh ionic conductivity, ranging from 1.1 to 34.3 S m−1 at −50 to 60 °C. Building on these excellent material properties, the organohydrogel‐based strain sensors and solid‐state zinc–air batteries (ZABs) are fabricated, which have a broad working temperature range. Particularly, the ZABs not only exhibit high specific capacity (262 mAh g−1) with ultra‐long cycling life (355 cycles, 118 h) even at −30 °C, but also can work properly under various deformation states, manifesting their great potential applications in soft robotics and wearable electronics.