bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ion‐Assisted Preparation of Bimetallic Porous Nanodendrites for Active and Stable Water Electrolysis
Authors: Xu Yanchao , Wei Shuting , Zhang Lei , Wu Qiong , Wang Feng , Fan Jinchang , Wang Dewen , Wu Tianzhun , Cui Xiaoqiang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDelicate electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) engineering over the exposed catalytic interface and surface topology of platinum‐based nanomaterial represents an effective pathway to boost its catalytic properties toward the clean energy conversion system. Here, for the first time, the facial and universal production of dendritic Pt‐based nanoalloys (Pt‐Ni, Co, Fe) with highly porous feature via a novel Zn2+‐mediated solution approach is demonstrated. In the presence of Zn2+ during synthesis, the competition of different galvanic replacement reactions and consequently generated “branch‐to‐branch” growth mode are believed to play key roles for the in situ fabrication of such unique nanostructure. Due to the fully exposed active sites and ligand effect‐induced electronic optimization, electrochemical hydrogen evolution in alkaline media on these catalysts exhibit dramatic activity enhancement, delivering a current density of 30.6 mA cm−2 at a 70 mV overpotential for the Pt3Ni nanodendrites and over 7.4 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C. This work highlights a general and powerful ion‐assisted strategy for exploiting dendritic Pt‐based nanostructures with efficient activities for water electrolysis.
A field evaluation of the SoilVUE10 soil moisture sensor
Authors: Wilson Timothy B. , Kochendorfer John , Diamond Howard J. , Meyers Tilden P. , Hall Mark , French Brent , Myles LaToya , Saylor Rick D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN) has been engaged in ground‐based soil water and soil temperature observations since 2009. As a nationwide climate network, the network stations are distributed across vast complex terrains. Due to the expansive distribution of the network and the related variability in soil properties, obtaining site‐specific calibrations for sensors is a significant and costly endeavor. Presented here are three commercial‐grade electromagnetic sensors, with built‐in thermistors to measure both soil water and soil temperature, including the SoilVUE10 Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) probe (hereafter called SP) (Campbell Scientific, Inc.), 50 MHz coaxial impedance dielectric sensor (model HydraProbe, Stevens Water Monitoring Systems, Inc.) (hereafter called HP), and the TDR‐315L Probe (model TDR‐315L, Acclima, Inc.) (hereafter called AP), which were evaluated in a relatively nonconductive loam soil in Oak Ridge, TN, from 2021 to 2022. The HP manufacturer‐supplied calibration equation for loam soils was used in this study. While volumetric water content data from HP and AP were 82–99% of respective gravimetric observations at 10 cm, data from SP were only 65–81% of respective gravimetric observations in the top 20‐cm soil horizon, where soil water showed relatively large spatial variability. The poor performance of the SP is likely due to poor contact between SP sensor electrodes and soil and the presence of soil voids caused by the installation method used, which itself may have caused soil disturbance.
Doubling of Asymptotically Flat Half-spaces and the Riemannian Penrose Inequality
Authors: Eichmair Michael , Koerber Thomas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBuilding on previous works of Bray, of Miao, and of Almaraz, Barbosa, and de Lima, we develop a doubling procedure for asymptotically flat half-spaces (M, g) with horizon boundary $$\Sigma \subset M$$

Σ
⊂
M

and mass $$m\in {\mathbb {R}}$$

m
∈
R

. If $$3\le \dim (M)\le 7$$

3
≤
dim
(
M
)
≤
7

, (M, g) has non-negative scalar curvature, and the boundary $$\partial M$$

∂
M

is mean-convex, we obtain the Riemannian Penrose-type inequality $$\begin{aligned} m\ge \left( \frac{1}{2}\right) ^{\frac{n}{n-1}}\,\left( \frac{|\Sigma |}{\omega _{n-1}}\right) ^{\frac{n-2}{n-1}} \end{aligned}$$

m
≥

1
2

n

n
-
1

|
Σ
|

ω

n
-
1

n
-
2

n
-
1

as a corollary. Moreover, in the case where $$\partial M$$

∂
M

is not totally geodesic, we show how to construct local perturbations of (M, g) that increase the scalar curvature. As a consequence, we show that equality holds in the above inequality if and only if the exterior region of (M, g) is isometric to a Schwarzschild half-space. Previously, these results were only known in the case where $$\dim (M)=3$$

dim
(
M
)
=
3

and $$\Sigma $$
Σ
is a connected free boundary hypersurface.
Development of Near Net Shaped Coatings for Reduced Postprocessing Costs in Valves
Authors: Bobzin K. , Heinemann H. , Burbaum E. , Schulz M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThermally sprayed WC/CoCr coatings are established in the valve industry for wear protection. However, conventional coatings have to be cost-intensive postprocessed. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop near net shaped (nns) WC/CoCr coatings with a high wear resistance in order to avoid the expensive grinding postprocess. For the development of the nns coatings, a parameter study is used to investigate the influence of the stand-off distance and hydrogen volume flow rate in the HVAF process. The parameter study indicates the influence of the hydrogen volume flow and the stand-off distance on the porosity, microhardness and wear resistance of the coatings. The developed coatings exhibit a low porosity and high wear resistance. Through the correlation of the coating properties with the process parameters, promising parameter ranges for a further development of HVAF-sprayed nns coatings of WC/CoCr can be identified. With these results, first benchmarks for HVAF process parameters, hydrogen flow rate and stand-off distance could be delivered, advancing the overall goal of reducing manufacturing costs of valves.
Rationale and design of the iCORONARY trial: improving the cost-effectiveness of coronary artery disease diagnosis
Authors: Peper J. , Becker L. M. , Bruning T. A. , Budde R. P. J. , van Dockum W. G. , Frederix G. W. J. , Habets J. , Henriques J. P. S. , Houthuizen P. , Mohamed Hoesein F. A. A. , Planken R. N. , Voskuil M. , Bots M. L. , Leiner T. , Swaans M. J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD), revascularisation decisions are based mainly on the visual grading of the severity of coronary stenosis on invasive coronary angiography (ICA). However, invasive fractional flow reserve (FFR) is the current standard to determine the haemodynamic significance of coronary stenosis. Non-invasive and less-invasive imaging techniques such as computed-tomography-derived FFR (FFR-CT) and angiography-derived FFR (QFR) combine both anatomical and functional information in complex algorithms to calculate FFR.Trial designThe iCORONARY trial is a prospective, multicentre, non-inferiority randomised controlled trial (RCT) with a blinded endpoint evaluation. It investigates the costs, effects and outcomes of different diagnostic strategies to evaluate the presence of CAD and the need for revascularisation in patients with stable angina pectoris who undergo coronary computed tomography angiography. Those with a Coronary Artery Disease—Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS) score between 0–2 and 5 will be included in a prospective registry, whereas patients with CAD-RADS 3 or 4A will be enrolled in the RCT. The RCT consists of three randomised groups: (1) FFR-CT-guided strategy, (2) QFR-guided strategy or (3) standard of care including ICA and invasive pressure measurements for all intermediate stenoses. The primary endpoint will be the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (death, myocardial infarction and repeat revascularisation) at 1 year. Clinicaltrials.gov-identifier: NCT04939207.ConclusionThe iCORONARY trial will assess whether a strategy of FFR-CT or QFR is non-inferior to invasive angiography to guide the need for revascularisation in patients with stable CAD. Non-inferiority to the standard of care implies that these techniques are attractive, less-invasive alternatives to current diagnostic pathways.
Reproductive ecology of the Argus brief squid Lolliguncula argus in the coast off Oaxaca, southern Mexican Pacific
Authors: Olvera Mata Rocío Guadalupe , Alejo-Plata María del Carmen , González Acosta Adrián Felipe , Reyes-Hernández Cristóbal 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Lolliguncula argus is a squid species endemic to the Tropical Eastern Pacific and caught incidentally by the artisanal fishery around Puerto Angel, Oaxaca (Mexico). Due to the low abundance of Argus brief squid, basic aspects of the species’ reproductive biology have not been adequately studied. Therefore, in this study, we assess size at maturity (L50), gonad maturation, ovarian development and spawning pattern by means of both histological and oocyte size–frequency analyses. Our results are based on 581 squid specimens: 534 females (11.9–82.4 mm dorsal mantle length, DML) and 47 males (16.0–68.2 mm DML) caught by artisanal fishery from May 2017 to April 2018. The L50 was 58.0 mm DML for females and 55.4 mm DML for males. The ovulation pattern in L. argus is asynchronous, with multiple-batch spawning in a relatively short period of time (intermittent spawning). Lolliguncula argus breed in the coastal waters off Puerto Angel, in the western margin of the Gulf of Tehuantepec, and exhibit gregarious behaviour during spawning events, which is associated with the regional oceanographic conditions. Based on these results, we determine that the opportunistic reproductive strategy of L. argus occurs in response to suitable regional environmental conditions.
NURSING BABIES TO FIGHT POVERTY: WAGES OF WET NURSES OF SPANISH FOUNDLING HOSPITALS IN THE 18THAND 19THCENTURIES
Authors: Sarasúa Carmen , Erdozáin Pilar , Hernández Ricardo 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTFoundling hospitals spread across Europe in the 18thand 19thcenturies, taking in hundreds of thousands of children each year. In Spain, the hospitals of major cities had staffs of more than 1,000 external wet nurses, who worked mainly in rural localities. Their cash wages were key for the household economies of the poor rural and urban populations. This article presents a methodology to interpret wet-nurse wages and explains their utility with respect to other occupations for men and women. Our results include a series of nominal and real wages for wet nurses and a calculation of their contributions to family income. The level of wages these institutions could offer was a major determinant in the supply of wet-nurse labour.
Simultaneous p-adic Diophantine approximation
Authors: BERESNEVICH V. , LEVESLEY J. , WARD B. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to develop the theory of weighted Diophantine approximation of rational numbers to p-adic numbers. Firstly, we establish complete analogues of Khintchine’s theorem, the Duffin–Schaeffer theorem and the Jarník–Besicovitch theorem for ‘weighted’ simultaneous Diophantine approximation in the p-adic case. Secondly, we obtain a lower bound for the Hausdorff dimension of weighted simultaneously approximable points lying on p-adic manifolds. This is valid for very general classes of curves and manifolds and have natural constraints on the exponents of approximation. The key tools we use in our proofs are the Mass Transference Principle, including its recent extension due to Wang and Wu in 2019, and a Zero-One law for weighted p-adic approximations established in this paper.
Equatorial waves as useful precursors to tropical cyclone occurrence and intensification
Authors: Feng Xiangbo , Yang Gui-Ying , Hodges Kevin I. , Methven John 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUnderstanding and prediction of tropical cyclone (TC) activity on the medium range remains challenging. Here, we find that the pre-existing westward-moving equatorial waves can inform the risk of TC occurrence and intensification, based on a dataset obtained by synchronising objectively identified TCs and equatorial waves in a climate reanalysis. Globally, westward-moving equatorial waves can be precursors to 60–70% of pre-tropical cyclogenesis events, and to >80% of the events with the strongest vorticity, related to the favourable environmental conditions within the pouch of equatorial waves. We further find that when storms are in-phase with westward-moving equatorial waves, the intensification rate of TCs is augmented, whilst in other phases of the waves, storm intensity grows more slowly, or even decays. Coherent wave packets associated with TCs are identifiable up to two weeks ahead. Our findings show that westward-moving equatorial waves can be useful medium-range precursors to TC activity.
Quantum machine learning beyond kernel methods
Authors: Jerbi Sofiene , Fiderer Lukas J. , Poulsen Nautrup Hendrik , Kübler Jonas M. , Briegel Hans J. , Dunjko Vedran 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMachine learning algorithms based on parametrized quantum circuits are prime candidates for near-term applications on noisy quantum computers. In this direction, various types of quantum machine learning models have been introduced and studied extensively. Yet, our understanding of how these models compare, both mutually and to classical models, remains limited. In this work, we identify a constructive framework that captures all standard models based on parametrized quantum circuits: that of linear quantum models. In particular, we show using tools from quantum information theory how data re-uploading circuits, an apparent outlier of this framework, can be efficiently mapped into the simpler picture of linear models in quantum Hilbert spaces. Furthermore, we analyze the experimentally-relevant resource requirements of these models in terms of qubit number and amount of data needed to learn. Based on recent results from classical machine learning, we prove that linear quantum models must utilize exponentially more qubits than data re-uploading models in order to solve certain learning tasks, while kernel methods additionally require exponentially more data points. Our results provide a more comprehensive view of quantum machine learning models as well as insights on the compatibility of different models with NISQ constraints.
Reef islands have continually adjusted to environmental change over the past two millennia
Authors: Kench P. S. , Liang C. , Ford M. R. , Owen S. D. , Aslam M. , Ryan E. J. , Turner T. , Beetham E. , Dickson M. E. , Stephenson W. , Vila-Concejo A. , McLean R. F. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGlobal environmental change is identified as a driver of physical transformation of coral reef islands over the past half-century, and next 100 years, posing major adaptation challenges to island nations. Here we resolve whether these recent documented changes in islands are unprecedented compared with the pre-industrial era. We utilise radiometric dating, geological, and remote sensing techniques to document the dynamics of a Maldivian reef island at millennial to decadal timescales. Results show the magnitude of island change over the past half-century (±40 m movement) is not unprecedented compared with paleo-dynamic evidence that reveals large-scale changes in island dimension, shape, beach levels, as well as positional changes of ±200 m since island formation ~1,500 years ago. Results highlight the value of a multi-temporal methodological approach to gain a deeper understanding of the dynamic trajectories of reef islands, to support development of adaptation strategies at timeframes relevant to human security.
The use of therapeutic drug monitoring for early identification of vedolizumab response in Saudi Arabian patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Anbarserry Doaa , Mosli Mahmoud , Qari Yousef , Saadah Omar , Bokhary Rana , Esmat Ahmed , Alsieni Mohammed , Shaker Ahmed , Elango Ramu , Alharthi Sameer 
Published: January 2023

AbstractVedolizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody used to treat moderate-to-severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of the induction of vedolizumab trough level in predicting short-term (week 14) clinical outcomes, and covariates that affect the response in Saudi Arabian patients. This prospective, real-life study included a total of 16 patients (4 Crohn's disease (CD) and 12 ulcerative colitis (UC)) with a confirmed diagnosis of IBD and generally naïve to receiving vedolizumab therapy. Using ELISA assay, vedolizumab induction trough and peak levels were measured at weeks 0, 2, and 6. The follow-up assessment was at week 14, where clinical outcomes were measured using the partial Mayo score for UC, and the CD activity score (CDAI), and Harvey Bradshaw index (HBI) for CD. At week 14, 9 patients (52.9%) out of 16 patients demonstrated response to therapy; clinical remission was reported in 5 patients (29.4%), and in 4 cases a clinical response was noted (23.5%). Clinical remission at week 14 was linked significantly with week 6 median vedolizumab levels in responders (25.1 µg/ml 95% CI: 16.5–42.9) compared to non-responders (7.7 µg/ml, 95% CI: 4.6–10.6) (P = 0.002). Receiver operator curve analysis at week 6 identified a cut-off > 8.00 µg/mL for short-term clinical remission. Also, at week 14, BMI significantly correlated with week 6 vedolizumab trough levels (P = 0.02). No other covariates correlated with drug levels at any time point examined. Week 6 early vedolizumab trough level measurements in IBD patients predicted short-term week 14 clinical remission.
Automatic COVID-19 severity assessment from HRV
Authors: Aliani Cosimo , Rossi Eva , Luchini Marco , Calamai Italo , Deodati Rossella , Spina Rosario , Francia Piergiorgio , Lanata Antonio , Bocchi Leonardo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCOVID-19 is known to be a cause of microvascular disease imputable to, for instance, the cytokine storm inflammatory response and the consequent blood coagulation. In this study, we propose a methodological approach for assessing the COVID-19 presence and severity based on Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers. Classifiers were applied to Heart Rate Variability (HRV) parameters extracted from photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals collected from healthy and COVID-19 affected subjects. The supervised classifiers were trained and tested on HRV parameters obtained from the PPG signals in a cohort of 50 healthy subjects and 93 COVID-19 affected subjects, divided into two groups, mild and moderate, based on the support of oxygen therapy and/or ventilation. The most informative feature set for every group’s comparison was determined with the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) technique. Both RF and SVM classifiers showed a high accuracy percentage during groups’ comparisons. In particular, the RF classifier reached 94% of accuracy during the comparison between the healthy and minor severity COVID-19 group. Obtained results showed a strong capability of RF and SVM to discriminate between healthy subjects and COVID-19 patients and to differentiate the two different COVID-19 severity. The proposed method might be helpful for detecting, in a low-cost and fast fashion, the presence and severity of COVID-19 disease; moreover, these reasons make this method interesting as a starting point for future studies that aim to investigate its effectiveness as a possible screening method.
Polarization-independent wavelength demultiplexer based on a single etched diffraction grating device
Authors: Li Chenguang , Xiong Bo , Chu Tao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPolarization-compatible receivers are indispensable in transceivers used for wavelength division multiplexing optical communications, as light polarization is unpredictable after transmission through network fibers. However, the strong waveguide birefringence makes it difficult to realize a polarization-independent wavelength demultiplexer in a silicon photonic receiver. Here, we utilized the birefringence effect for simultaneously demultiplexing wavelengths and polarizations, and experimentally demonstrated a polarization-independent wavelength demultiplexer with a single device on a SiPh platform. The principle was validated on an etched diffraction grating, which successfully split the arbitrarily polarized light containing four wavelengths into eight channels with single-polarization and single-wavelength signals. Polarization-dependent losses of 0.5–1.8 dB, minimum insertion loss of 0.5 dB, and crosstalks lower than −30 dB were experimentally measured for the fabricated etched diffraction grating. Thus, a promising general solution was developed for implementing polarization-independent wavelength division multiplexing receivers and other polarization-independent devices on photonics platforms with birefringent waveguide devices.
A catalogue of high-mass X-ray binaries in the Galaxy: from the INTEGRAL to theGaiaera
Authors: Fortin Francis , García Federico , Simaz Bunzel Adolfo , Chaty Sylvain 
Published: January 2023

Context.High-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs) are a particular class of high-energy sources that require multi-wavelength observational efforts to be properly characterised. New identifications and the refinement of previous measurements are regularly published in the literature by independent teams of researchers and might, when they are collected in a catalogue, offer a tool for facilitating further studies of HMXBs.Aims.We update previous instances of HMXB catalogues in the Galaxy and provide the community easy access to the most complete set of observables on Galactic HMXBs. In addition to the fixed version that is available in Vizier, we also aim to host and maintain a dynamic version that can be updated upon request from users. Any modification will be logged in this version.Methods.Using previous HMXB catalogues supplemented by listings of hard X-ray sources detected in the past 20 yr, we produced a base set of HMXBs and candidates by means of identifier and sky coordinate cross matches. We queried in Simbad for unreferenced HMXBs. We searched for as many hard X-ray, soft X-ray, optical, and infrared counterparts to the HMXBs as we could in well-known catalogues and compiled their coordinates. Each HMXB was subjected to a meticulous search in the literature to find relevant measurements and the original reference.Results.We provide a catalogue of 152 HMXBs in the Galaxy with their best known coordinates, the spectral type of the companion star, systemic radial velocities, component masses, orbital period, eccentricity, and spin period when available. We also provide the coordinates and identifiers for each counterpart we found from hard X-rays to the near-infrared, including 111 counterparts from the recentGaiaDR3 catalogue.