bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recovery of a marine keystone predator transforms terrestrial predator–prey dynamics
Authors: Roffler Gretchen H. , Eriksson Charlotte E. , Allen Jennifer M. , Levi Taal 
Published: January 2023

Sea otters (Enhydra lutris) and wolves (Canis lupus) are two apex predators with strong and cascading effects on ecosystem structure and function. After decades of recovery from near extirpation, their ranges now overlap, allowing sea otters and wolves to interact for the first time in the scientific record. We intensively studied wolves during 2015 to 2021 in an island system colonized by sea otters in the 2000s and by wolves in 2013. After wolf colonization, we quantified shifts in foraging behavior with DNA metabarcoding of 689 wolf scats and stable isotope analyses, both revealing a dietary switch from Sitka black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus), the terrestrial in situ primary prey, to sea otters. Here we show an unexpected result of the reintroduction and restoration of sea otters, which became an abundant marine subsidy for wolves following population recovery. The availability of sea otters allowed wolves to persist and continue to reproduce, subsequently nearly eliminating deer. Genotypes from 390 wolf scats and telemetry data from 13 wolves confirmed island fidelity constituting one of the highest known wolf population densities and upending standardly accepted wolf density predictions based on ungulate abundance. Whereas marine subsidies in other systems are generally derived from lower trophic levels, here an apex nearshore predator became a key prey species and linked nearshore and terrestrial food webs in a recently deglaciated and rapidly changing ecosystem. These results underscore that species restoration may serve as an unanticipated nutrient pathway for recipient ecosystems even resulting in cross-boundary subsidy cascades.
Genome editing in plants using the compact editor CasΦ
Authors: Li Zheng , Zhong Zhenhui , Wu Zhongshou , Pausch Patrick , Al-Shayeb Basem , Amerasekera Jasmine , Doudna Jennifer A. , Jacobsen Steven E. 
Published: January 2023

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) systems have been developed as important tools for plant genome engineering. Here, we demonstrate that the hypercompact CasΦ nuclease is able to generate stably inherited gene edits in
Arabidopsis
, and that CasΦ guide RNAs can be expressed with either the Pol-III U6 promoter or a Pol-II promoter together with ribozyme mediated RNA processing. Using the
Arabidopsis fwa
epiallele, we show that CasΦ displays higher editing efficiency when the target locus is not DNA methylated, suggesting that CasΦ is sensitive to chromatin environment. Importantly, two CasΦ protein variants, vCasΦ and nCasΦ, both showed much higher editing efficiency relative to the wild-type CasΦ enzyme. Consistently, vCasΦ and nCasΦ yielded offspring plants with inherited edits at much higher rates compared to WTCasΦ. Extensive genomic analysis of gene edited plants showed no off-target editing, suggesting that CasΦ is highly specific. The hypercompact size, T-rich minimal protospacer adjacent motif (PAM), and wide range of working temperatures make CasΦ an excellent supplement to existing plant genome editing systems.
Micropolíticas lingüísticas familiares de resistencia
Authors: Nandi Anik 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCada individuo, independientemente de su edad, tiene prácticas lingüísticas propias en el seno familiar y, además, unas creencias sobre la elección de la lengua o lenguas en una sociedad multilingüe. Las prácticas lingüísticas en el ámbito familiar son sumamente importantes para entender la transmisión intergeneracional de un idioma minoritario. Partiendo de datos etnográficos, en este trabajo se analizan notas de campo y observación, entrevistas semiestructuradas individuales a progenitores y dos grupos de discusión formados por cuatro familias cada uno, con el objetivo de investigar las estrategias parentales para la transmisión intergeneracional del gallego en los hábitats urbanos y periurbanos de Galicia, donde el castellano es el principal idioma de socialización. El artículo pretende aportar conocimiento sobre la agencia de los progenitores pro gallego que, a través de sus creencias, gestión y prácticas lingüísticas individuales, juegan un papel significativo en la revitalización y mantenimiento del gallego fuera de la escuela, concretamente en el ámbito doméstico.
A mathematical framework for nonlinear wavefront reconstruction in adaptive optics systems with Fourier-type wavefront sensing
Authors: Hutterer Victoria , Neubauer Andreas , Shatokhina Julia 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Advanced adaptive optics (AO) instruments have applications in ophthalmic imaging, free-space optical communications and the future generation of extremely large telescopes. These AO systems are designed to perform real-time corrections of dynamic wavefront aberrations. The corrections can be performed by converting wavefront measurements into deformable mirror (DM) actuator commands. The role of the DM is to mitigate aberrations by restoring a planar wavefront. Optimal DM actuator commands therefore require precise phase measurements across the entire wavefront. Reconstructing a wavefront from wavefront sensor (WFS) data is an inverse problem that depends on the type of WFS implemented. Nonlinear Fourier-type WFSs are included in the design of many current and upcoming AO systems. Conventionally, these sensors perform AO control based on simplifications and linearisations of the underlying models. However, in nonlinear regimes, approximation errors critically degrade image quality. This study looks at overcoming nonlinear wavefront sensing regimes by introducing a nonlinear, iterative algorithm for Fourier-type wavefront reconstruction. The algorithm used is well-known in the field of inverse problems. The underlying mathematical theory for modelling Fourier-type WFSs is provided, along with how these models can be used to perform nonlinear wavefront reconstruction. A significant advantage of the analysis presented is its generalised applicability to any Fourier-type sensor. The only input required is the mathematical expression for the optical element transfer function. The generalised and full mathematical model of Fourier-type WFSs is introduced in a Sobolev space setting. Necessary inputs are derived for the nonlinear iterative algorithms, such as Fréchet derivatives and adjoints. The generalised theory is then expanded to solve the inverse problem of wavefront reconstruction for all Fourier-type WFSs. Moreover, the study concentrates on the pyramid WFS (PWFS)—one of the most well-known Fourier-type WFSs—and shows a Hilbert transform representation of the amplitude of the incoming light on its detector. The developed theory is demonstrated using a simulated PWFS to measure an example wavefront.
Analysis of ionization characteristics during single discharge of microcathode arc thruster
Authors: Ji Tianyuan , Wei Liqiu , Wang Lu , Li Ji , Zhao Yongguo , Li Tingwan , Liang Tiance , Li Hong , Zhu Ximing , Ding Yongjie 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this investigation, to monitor the cathodic ionization process of the microcathodic arc thruster, electrical detection was combined with enhanced ICCD spectroscopic detection to diagnose the cathodic ionization characteristics of microcathode arc thrusters with 1 μs time resolution for examining the microsecond-level discharge process. After we used the titanium ion spectroscopy model to calculate the ion density distribution during the cathode ionization of the microcathode arc thruster, we found that the microcathode arc thruster showed a double peak of titanium ions in one cycle. This phenomenon may be related to the combined effect of arc heat transfer and ion current impact on the cathode during the discharge of the microcathode arc thruster. The results showed that changes in the input energy of the power processing unit can effectively affect the temporal relationship between arc power peak and arc current peak, which in turn affects the ionization of the cathode of the microcathode arc thruster.
Perpendicular antiferromagnetic ordering and canted spins in van der Waals FePS3 probed by spin Hall magnetoresistance
Authors: Hui Yajuan , Lu Jun , Jiang Hui , Lin Weinan , Dong Chao , Dong Kaifeng , He Qiang , Miao Xiangshui 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Van der Waals antiferromagnets (AFMs) provide a two-dimensional (2D) platform for spintronic devices with exceptional properties. However, the electric transport features of the magnetic order of van der Waals AFM influenced by different field directions and amplitudes has not been demonstrated systematically. In this letter, we investigate the magnetic texture of the exfoliated van der Waals FePS3, a uniaxial AFM with perpendicular anisotropy, detected by the spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR). Magnetic field- and temperature- dependent longitudinal magnetoresistance measurements in three orthogonal directions for the exfoliated FePS3/Pt nanostructures are conducted. The modulations in the SMR signal enable the separation of two contributions to the SMR, one of which corresponds to the negative signature of AFM SMR caused by in-plane field rotations, and the other of which is caused by canted spins in perpendicular AFM order. Our findings offer great guidance for further research and investigation using SMR approach of the magnetic texture in van der Waals AFMs.
Chiral photocurrent in a Quasi-1D TiS3 (001) phototransistor
Authors: Gilbert Simeon J , Li Mingxing , Chen Jia-Shiang , Yi Hemian , Lipatov Alexey , Avila Jose , Sinitskii Alexander , Asensio Maria C , Dowben Peter A , Yost Andrew J 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The presence of in-plane chiral effects, hence spin–orbit coupling, is evident in the changes in the photocurrent produced in a TiS3(001) field-effect phototransistor with left versus right circularly polarized light. The direction of the photocurrent is protected by the presence of strong spin–orbit coupling and the anisotropy of the band structure as indicated in NanoARPES measurements. Dark electronic transport measurements indicate that TiS3 is n-type and has an electron mobility in the range of 1–6 cm2V−1s−1. I–V measurements under laser illumination indicate the photocurrent exhibits a bias directionality dependence, reminiscent of bipolar spin diode behavior. Because the TiS3 contains no heavy elements, the presence of spin–orbit coupling must be attributed to the observed loss of inversion symmetry at the TiS3(001) surface.
Curvature-induced stabilization and field-driven dynamics of magnetic hopfions in toroidal nanorings
Authors: Corona R M , Saavedra E , Castillo-Sepulveda S , Escrig J , Altbir D , Carvalho-Santos V L 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Three dimensional magnetic textures are a cornerstone in magnetism research. In this work, we analyze the stabilization and dynamic response of a magnetic hopfion hosted in a toroidal nanoring with intrinsic Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction simulating FeGe. Our results evidence that unlike their planar counterparts, where perpendicular magnetic anisotropies are necessary to stabilize hopfions, the shape anisotropy originated on the torus symmetry naturally yields the nucleation of these topological textures. We also analyze the magnetization dynamical response by applying a magnetic field pulse to differentiate among several magnetic patterns. Finally, to understand the nature of spin wave modes, we analyze the spatial distributions of the resonant mode amplitudes and phases and describe the differences among bulk and surface modes. Importantly, hopfions lying in toroidal nanorings present a non-circularly symmetric poloidal resonant mode, which is not observed in other systems hosting hopfions.
Solvability and pullback attractor for a class of differential hemivariational inequalities with its applications
Authors: Li Xiuwen , Liu Zhenhai , Papageorgiou Nikolaos S 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we consider an abstract system which consists of a nonlinear differential inclusion and a parabolic hemivariational inequality (DPHVI) in Banach spaces. The objective of this paper is four fold. The first target is to deal with the existence of solutions and the properties which involve the boundedness and continuous dependence results of the solution set to parabolic hemivariational inequality. The second aim is to investigate the existence of mild solutions to DPHVI by means of a fixed point technique. The third one is to study the existence of a pullback attractor for the multivalued processes governed by DPHVI. Finally, the fourth goal is to demonstrate a concrete application of our main results arising from the dynamic thermoviscoelasticity problems.
Vibration acoustic modulation for bolt looseness monitoring based on frequency-swept excitation and bispectrum
Authors: Zhao Nan , Linsheng Huo , Song Gangbing 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The monitoring of bolt looseness is crucial to ensure the safety and reliability of structures. Prior studies have demonstrated that the vibro-acoustic modulation (VAM) method based on the nonlinear ultrasonic theory is sensitive to the early looseness of bolted connections. However, one limitation of the traditional VAM method is that the low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) for excitation should be specified in advance. The resonant frequency of the bolted structures changes after loosening, leading to inaccuracies in monitoring results if pre-specified excitation frequencies are used and not adapted to the new situation. To address this limitation, this paper improves the VAM method by using swept sine signals for both LF and HF excitations and relying on the bispectrum energy of the measured response to indicate the bolt pre-load. A steel bolted connection was fabricated and loaded on a universal testing machine to simulate different bolt pre-loads. Three low-cost lead zirconate titanate patches served as the LF actuator, HF actuator and sensor in the experiment. The experimental results demonstrate that the improved VAM method can evaluate the bolt looseness with better efficiency and robustness than the traditional VAM methods which use fixed frequencies as excitations. Therefore, the proposed method in this paper can potentially monitor the damages in complex structures based on nonlinear ultrasound theory.
Studies in pulse shape discrimination for an optimized ASIC design
Authors: Boxer B. , Godfrey B. , Grace C. , Johnson J. , Khandwala R. , Tripathi M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The continued advancements of Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) have made them viable photosensors for low recoil energy Pulse Shape Discrimination (PSD) between fast neutron and gamma interactions when coupled to an appropriate scintillator. At the same time, the large number of channels in a typical array calls for the development of low-cost and low-power electronics. A custom integrated circuit (ASIC) is an ideal solution for this purpose. To assess the requirements for such an ASIC, studies were performed using two scintillators, Stilbene and EJ-276, coupled to a 6 × 6 mm SiPM from Onsemi. We demonstrate that both scintillators are viable for performing PSD for interaction energies from 100 keV to several MeV while optimizing the integration periods used in the PSD metric. These measurements inform the design parameters of the ASIC under development.
n/γ discrimination for CLYC detector using a one-dimensional Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Zhao Keqing , Feng Changqing , Wang Shuwen , Shen Zhongtao , Zhang Kan , Liu Shubin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this work, a one-dimensional convolutional neural network
(1D-CNN) is used for performing pulse shape discrimination (PSD)
between the neutrons and gamma rays detected by the
Cs2LiYCl6: Ce3+(CLYC) crystal. We use three different
optimizers to train the CNN for comparing the effects of different
optimizers on the training results. The neural network that uses the
RMSProp optimizer performed the best. The accuracy of the AmBe
source reaches 99.395%, and the false alarm rates (FARs) of the
gamma source, i.e., 137Cs and 22Na are only 0.003% and
0.020%, separately. By the same dataset, we introduced several
other methods to compare, including the classic charge integral
(CI), partial charge-to-peak ratio (PCPR), decision tree (DT),
support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), and
artificial neural network (ANN). Among these introduced methods, the
FARs of the ANN method are better, which are 0.004% and 0.031%;
however, its error is higher than that of the CNN method. A detailed
discussion of the discrimination capability as a function of the
sampling rate of the digitizer is also presented. We compare the
performance of the CNN method and the traditional integral method
under different sampling rates. The results show that even under a
low sampling rate, the discrimination of the CNN method is almost
unchanged, while the accuracy of the traditional integral method
deteriorates rapidly. In addition, the CNN method is used for
classifying more complicated particles, neutrons, gamma-rays, noise,
and pile-up waveforms. The classification results show that the CNN
has the ability to separate the four signals from the dataset
efficiently.
A method for portable PPG signal dynamic acquisition and denoise based on CEEMDAN and wavelet transform
Authors: Tian Ziwei , Jia Yunfang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a non-invasive technology and widely used in medical monitoring. Nowadays, dynamic vital signs monitoring based on PPG technology is in emergence and shows great potential for commercialization, however, it is still challenged by massive noise evoked by respiration and muscle contraction. Herein, a portable PPG signal's dynamic acquisition and denoise system is constructed and applied to blood pressure (BP) estimation, in which an improved PPG denoise method based on complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise and wavelet transform (CEEMDAN-WT), is described. Firstly, original PPG signal is measured by the proposed hardware, then CEEMDAN decomposes it into a group of components. Secondly, the noise dominated components are found by calculating the coefficients between the components and original signal, and removed by WT. Thirdly, fast Fourier transform is performed to remove the component whose dominant frequency exceeds 0.5–20 Hz. Fourthly, a fresh PPG signal is reconstructed and compared with the signal rebuilt by other methods, which proves that CEEMDAN-WT has higher signal-to-noise ratio and lower root mean square error. Last but not least, the reconstructed signal is applied to estimate systolic and diastolic BP, according to Windkessel model and aided by neural network algorithm. Overall, this work demonstrates the feasibility of the portable PPG dynamic acquisition and its application for dynamic vital signs monitoring, in which CEEMDAN-WT algorithm can effectively remove most of the noises in dynamic PPG signal. In conclusion, it demonstrates CEEMDAN-WT method can effectively remove noise from PPG signals in the state of motion, it may have a good potential for calculating other physiological indexes besides BP, and push PPG applications from professional medical to daily life.
Prediction errors for penalized regressions based on generalized approximate message passing
Authors: Sakata Ayaka 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe discuss the prediction accuracy of assumed statistical models in terms of prediction errors for the generalized linear model and penalized maximum likelihood methods. We derive the forms of estimators for the prediction errors, such asCpcriterion, information criteria, and leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV) error, using the generalized approximate message passing (GAMP) algorithm and replica method. These estimators coincide with each other when the number of model parameters is sufficiently small; however, there is a discrepancy between them in particular in the parameter region where the number of model parameters is larger than the data dimension. In this paper, we review the prediction errors and corresponding estimators, and discuss their differences. In the framework of GAMP, we show that the information criteria can be expressed by using the variance of the estimates. Further, we demonstrate how to approach LOOCV error from the information criteria by utilizing the expression provided by GAMP.
Multicontact formulation for non-conservative field theories
Authors: de León Manuel , Gaset Jordi , Muñoz-Lecanda Miguel C , Rivas Xavier , Román-Roy Narciso 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A new geometric structure inspired by multisymplectic and contact geometries, which we call multicontact structure, is developed to describe non-conservative classical field theories. Using the differential forms that define this multicontact structure as well as other geometric elements that are derived from them while assuming certain conditions, we can introduce, on the multicontact manifolds, the variational field equations which are stated using sections, multivector fields, and Ehresmann connections on the adequate fiber bundles. Furthermore, it is shown how this multicontact framework can be adapted to the jet bundle description of classical field theories; the field equations are stated in the Lagrangian and the Hamiltonian formalisms both in the regular and the singular cases.
Algebraic (super-)integrability from commutants of subalgebras in universal enveloping algebras
Authors: Campoamor-Stursberg Rutwig , Latini Danilo , Marquette Ian , Zhang Yao-Zhong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Starting from a purely algebraic procedure based on the commutant of a subalgebra in the universal enveloping algebra of a given Lie algebra, the notion of algebraic Hamiltonians and the constants of the motion generating a polynomial symmetry algebra is proposed. The case of the special linear Lie algebra

s
l

(
n
)

is discussed in detail, where an explicit basis for the commutant with respect to the Cartan subalgebra is obtained, and the order of the polynomial algebra is computed. It is further shown that, with an appropriate realization of

s
l

(
n
)

, this provides an explicit connection with the generic superintegrable model on the

(
n
−
1
)

-dimensional sphere

S

n
−
1

and the related Racah algebra R(n). In particular, we show explicitly how the models on the two-sphere and three-sphere and the associated symmetry algebras can be obtained from the quadratic and cubic polynomial algebras generated by the commutants defined in the enveloping algebra of

s
l

(
3
)

and

s
l

(
4
)

, respectively. The construction is performed in the classical (or Poisson-Lie) context, where the Berezin bracket replaces the commutator.