bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transformative potential of conservation actions
Authors: Arponen Anni , Salomaa Anna 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTransformative change can help achieve the 2050 vision of biodiversity, but concrete ways to achieve it are only being discovered. To contribute to the understanding of the practical options for concrete action to foster, accelerate and maintain the transformative change, we assessed the leverage potential of existing conservation actions using the Meadows’ Leverage points framework. We took the actions from the Conservation Actions Classification by the Conservation Measures Partnership. The outcome is a scheme that evaluates at which leverage points, from simple parameters to paradigms, the different conservation actions have potential to make an impact, and thus impact systemic change. We found that all conservation actions have potential to leverage systemic transformative change, with varying coverage of the leverage points. All leverage points were addressed by several actions. The scheme could be used both as an interim tool for evaluating transformative potential in different broad datasets, but also help with planning of new conservation policies, interventions and projects. We hope our work could be a first step toward standardization and broader adoption of assessing leverage in conservation research and practice, achieving broader socio-ecological system leverage with conservation tools.
On the chemical fate of propyl gallate as stabilizer in Lyocell spinning dopes
Authors: Melikhov Ivan , Bacher Markus , Hosoya Takashi , Hettegger Hubert , Potthast Antje , Rosenau Thomas 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPropyl gallate (PG, gallic acid propyl ester, Tenox®) is a very frequently used stabilizer and antioxidant in food and material applications, also used on large scale in the Lyocell process to stabilize the cellulose spinning dopes. In the present study we have investigated the fate of PG under classical Lyocell conditions (cellulose dissolved in N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide monohydrate at temperatures above 80 °C) by means of multiple analytical techniques, including NMR, GPC, and MS-hyphenated chromatography. It is demonstrated that propyl gallate is quickly hydrolyzed to gallate or, as a side reaction, aminolyzed to gallic acid morpholide. The products of the antioxidative action of gallic acid and propyl gallate, namely ellagic acid and its bis(ortho-quinone), are very easily adsorbed to cellulosic surfaces and are chiefly responsible for the discoloration of Lyocell spinning dopes and the resulting fibers. However, gallic acid morpholide and its parent compound gallic amide, while both having good antioxidant activity similar to propyl gallate itself, do neither form ellagic acid nor the bis(ortho-quinone) and are thus significantly superior to the conventionally used propyl gallate with regard to chromophore generation and resulting brightness loss. Also gallate moieties in tannins can be converted into the amide or morpholide to be further used as Lyocell stabilizers, which might open the way both to new Lyocell stabilizers and to a niche utilization for tannins.
Graphical abstract
Interactions between migrant race and social status in predicting acceptance of climate migrants in Norway
Authors: Bye Hege H. , Yu Hui , Portice Jennie Sofia , Ogunbode Charles A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAn emerging stream of research documents that climate migrants are more acceptable than economic migrants to citizens in high-income countries. However, extant research has not considered migrant race, and how race, along with socioeconomic status, interact with reasons for migrating to impact the perceptions of acceptability among residents in the receiving society. We investigated the joint effects of reason for migration (economic vs. climate), race (Black vs. White), and socioeconomic status (low vs. high) on migrant acceptability judgments among a national sample of Norwegian residents (N = 1637) using a preregistered survey experiment. The results indicate that climate migrants are more acceptable to participants than economic migrants, and White migrants are preferred to Black migrants. There was also an interaction between reason for migrating, race, and social status whereby Black, low social status, and economic migrants were less accepted than any other migrant profile. Especially notable was the finding that Black climate migrants of low socioeconomic status were seen by participants as being much more acceptable than Black economic migrants of low socioeconomic status. The notion that climate and economic migrants can be meaningfully differentiated in the real world is debatable. Nonetheless, our study suggests that framing migrants’ motivation in terms of environmental influences, compared with economic motivations, has potentially major effects on migrant acceptance in receiving societies.
Assurance and Development of Interaction Quality: The Impact of Blended-Learning Professional Development Training Programme
Authors: Pölzl-Stefanec Eva , Barta Mailina , Walter-Laager Catherine 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn recent years, there has been considerable investment at the European Union level in expanding early childhood education and care (ECEC) facilities. In line with this quantitative substantial initiative, research and social policies are increasingly focusing on the quality of such facilities. High quality depends, among other things, on well-trained early childhood educators. This poses a dilemma for early childhood educators for various reasons; there is a shortage of skilled early childhood professionals, so that low-skilled staff are also being employed in early childhood education facilities. Online formats for professional development can contribute to the professionalisation of the ECEC system through vocational training. Since these formats are designed and produced to high professional and technical standards, they can be cost-effective thanks to their multiple uses and because they can often be completed by participants independent of time and location. This article presents an empirically studied blended e-learning training format based on the principles of co-constructivist didactics. The content focuses on the quality of interaction between early childhood professionals and children. Before and after the training course was completed, standardised non-participant observations were conducted in Austrian, German, Hungarian, Slovenian, Italian, and Portuguese early childhood education and care institutions. The before/after measurements (N = 43) showed a significant effect on the quality of interaction between the early childhood professionals and the children.
Distribution of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Ascochyta blight (Didymella rabiei) and analyses of factors affecting disease epidemics in Central Ethiopia
Authors: Addisu Shugute , Fininsa Chemeda , Bekeko Zelalem , Mohammad Abdi , Kumar Alok , Fikre Asnake 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAscochyta blight (caused by Didymella rabiei) is one of the most important diseases affecting chickpea production and productivity. The distribution, incidence and severity of the disease, and the association of agronomic practices and environmental factors on the intensity of the disease mainly remained undermined. Chickpea field surveys were conducted in two main chickpea growing regions of central Ethiopia during the 2020 and 2021 main cropping seasons to determine the distribution and importance of Ascochyta blight and analyse its association with biophysical factors. A total of 366 chickpea fields were surveyed in five zones, and 76.6% of the fields were infected with Ascochyta blight. The results revealed that the overall mean prevalence and incidence of the disease ranged from 46.66 to 100%. Ascochyta blight in the infected fields had a mean severity index of 40.17%. The mean disease incidence was higher in fields at altitudes below 2129 m.a.s.l (39.2%) than the mean incidence of fields at higher altitudes. Using logistic regression analysis, the independent variables—zone, altitude, cropping season, seed source, cultivar type, variety, planting pattern, and plant density—were shown to have significant effects on the severity index (P < 0.001). High weed density, growth stage, planting time, crop rotation, Fusarium wilt, pod borer, aphid spp., and dry root rot were also significantly associated (P < 0.05) with Ascochyta blight epidemics. The highest severity (SI = 60.3%) was obtained in Arsi Zone, and the lowest in South West Shewa Zone (SI = 32.1%). The results of this survey indicate that planting chickpea in the middle of the main rainy season, proper weed management, planting improved varieties, and crop rotation should be practiced to reduce the negative impact of the disease until effective resistant chickpea varieties are developed. Furthermore, it is recommended that effective and feasible integrated management options need to be developed against the disease to boost the production and productivity of the crop.
Automatic identification of self-admitted technical debt from four different sources
Authors: Li Yikun , Soliman Mohamed , Avgeriou Paris 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTechnical debt refers to taking shortcuts to achieve short-term goals while sacrificing the long-term maintainability and evolvability of software systems. A large part of technical debt is explicitly reported by the developers themselves; this is commonly referred to as Self-Admitted Technical Debt or SATD. Previous work has focused on identifying SATD from source code comments and issue trackers. However, there are no approaches available for automatically identifying SATD from other sources such as commit messages and pull requests, or by combining multiple sources. Therefore, we propose and evaluate an approach for automated SATD identification that integrates four sources: source code comments, commit messages, pull requests, and issue tracking systems. Our findings show that our approach outperforms baseline approaches and achieves an average F1-score of 0.611 when detecting four types of SATD (i.e., code/design debt, requirement debt, documentation debt, and test debt) from the four aforementioned sources. Thereafter, we analyze 23.6M code comments, 1.3M commit messages, 3.7M issue sections, and 1.7M pull request sections to characterize SATD in 103 open-source projects. Furthermore, we investigate the SATD keywords and relations between SATD in different sources. The findings indicate, among others, that: 1) SATD is evenly spread among all sources; 2) issues and pull requests are the two most similar sources regarding the number of shared SATD keywords, followed by commit messages, and then followed by code comments; 3) there are four kinds of relations between SATD items in the different sources.
Systems methods for analyzing trade-offs between food security and conserving biodiversity
Authors: Stuch Benjamin , Alcamo Joseph 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe endeavor for greater food security has caused trade-offs between increasing agricultural production and conserving habitat of threatened species. We take a novel approach to analyze these trade-offs by applying and comparing three systems methods (systems diagrams, influence matrices, and land use modeling) in a case study of Uganda. The first two methods were used to scope out the trade-off system and identify the most important variables influencing trade-offs. These variables were agricultural yield, land governance processes, and change in land use and land cover. The third method was used to quantify trade-offs and evaluate policy scenarios to alleviate them. A reference scenario indicated that increasing agricultural production by expanding agricultural land provided food for 79% more people in 2050 (compared to 2005) but with a 48% loss of habitat of threatened species. A scenario assuming strong investments to augment agricultural yield increased the number of people fed in 2050 up to 157%, while reducing the loss of habitat down to 27%. We use a novel “trade-off coefficient” for a consistent comparison of scenario results. A scenario assuming yield improvement and ring-fencing protected areas reduced the trade-off coefficient from − 0.62 in the reference case to − 0.15. This coefficient can be used as a common basis to compare results from different trade-off studies. It was found that the three systems methods are useful, but have limitations as stand-alone tools. Combining the methods into a single methodology increases their collective utility by maximizing the transparency and comprehensiveness and potential stakeholder engagement of a trade-off analysis.
Causal Bayes Nets and Token-Causation: Closing the Gap between Token-Level and Type-Level
Authors: Gebharter Alexander , Hüttemann Andreas 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Causal Bayes nets (CBNs) provide one of the most powerful tools for modelling coarse-grained type-level causal structure. As in other fields (e.g., thermodynamics) the question arises how such coarse-grained characterizations are related to the characterization of their underlying structure (in this case: token-level causal relations). Answering this question meets what is called a “coherence-requirement” in the reduction debate. It provides details about it provides details about how different accounts of one and the same system (or kind of system) are related to each other. We argue that CBNs as tools for type-level causal inference are abstract enough to roughly fit any current token-level theory of causation as long as certain modelling assumptions are satisfied, but accounts of actual causation, i.e. accounts that attempt to infer token-causation based on CBNs, for the very same reason, face certain limitations.
Islands without Iron. Strategies for Manufacturing Prehistoric Rotary Querns without Metal Tools in the Canary Islands: Working Hypotheses and Experimentation
Authors: Lacave Hernández A. , Rodríguez Rodríguez A. , Naranjo Mayor Y. , Marrero Salas E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe introduction of the rotary quern into the Iberian Peninsula during the Iron Age represents a great technological innovation with regard to processing cereals. These mechanisms arrived several centuries later in the Canarian archipelago with the first North African colonists. Contacts with the African continent appear to have either been cut off or minimised a short time later, obliging the colonists to subsist autonomously and adapt to the features of the new territory. Moreover, the archipelago's volcanic character does not offer minerals that could be transformed into metals obliging the new populations to resort to stone tools, an adaptation evidenced by the manufacture of rotary querns. Currently few technological studies of these querns have combined experimental work with hypotheses stemming from archaeological evidence. This article presents two experimental programs that have attempted to reconstruct the operational sequence (chaîne opératoire) of the two main types of rocks exploited for querns in the Canary Islands: volcanic tuff and vesicular basalt.
Identification of novel microRNAs in the embryonic mouse brain using deep sequencing
Authors: Szakats Susanna , McAtamney Alice , Wilson Megan J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMany advances in small RNA-seq technology and bioinformatics pipelines have been made recently, permitting the discovery of novel miRNAs in the embryonic day 15.5 (E15.5) mouse brain. We aimed to improve miRNA discovery in this tissue to expand our knowledge of the regulatory networks that underpin normal neurodevelopment, find new candidates for neurodevelopmental disorder aetiology, and deepen our understanding of non-coding RNA evolution. A high-quality small RNA-seq dataset of 458 M reads was generated. An unbiased miRNA discovery pipeline identified fifty putative novel miRNAs, six of which were selected for further validation. A combination of conservation analysis and target functional prediction was used to determine the authenticity of novel miRNA candidates. These findings demonstrate that miRNAs remain to be discovered, particularly if they have the features of other small RNA species.
Predicting delirium in older non-intensive care unit inpatients: development and validation of the DELIrium risK Tool (DELIKT)
Authors: Schulthess-Lisibach Angela E. , Gallucci Giulia , Benelli Valérie , Kälin Ramona , Schulthess Sven , Cattaneo Marco , Beeler Patrick E. , Csajka Chantal , Lutters Monika 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Effective delirium prevention could benefit from automatic risk stratification of older inpatients using routinely collected clinical data.

Aim
Primary aim was to develop and validate a delirium prediction model (DELIKT) suitable for implementation in hospitals. Secondary aim was to select an anticholinergic burden scale as a predictor.

Method
We used one cohort for model development and another for validation with electronically available data collected within the first 24 h of admission. Included were patients aged ≥ 65, hospitalised ≥ 48 h with no stay > 24 h in an intensive care unit. Predictors, such as administrative and laboratory variables or an anticholinergic burden scale, were selected using a combination of feature selection filter method and forward/backward selection. The final model was based on logistic regression and the DELIKT was derived from the β-coefficients. We report the following performance measures: area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity and odds ratio.

Results
Both cohorts were similar and included over 10,000 patients each (mean age 77.6 ± 7.6 years) with 11% experiencing delirium. The model included nine variables: age, medical department, dementia, hemi-/paraplegia, catheterisation, potassium, creatinine, polypharmacy and the anticholinergic burden measured with the Clinician-rated Anticholinergic Scale (CrAS). The external validation yielded an AUC of 0.795. With a cut-off at 20 points in the DELIKT, we received a sensitivity of 79.7%, specificity of 62.3% and an odds ratio of 5.9 (95% CI 5.2, 6.7).

Conclusion
The DELIKT is a potentially automatic tool with predictors from standard care including the CrAS to identify patients at high risk for delirium.
The interoceptive underpinnings of the feeling of being alive. Damasio’s insights at work
Authors: Barile Emilia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe feeling of being alive still constitutes a major blind spot of contemporary affective sciences research. The mainstream view accepts it as an ‘umbrella notion’ comprising different states, such as M. Ratcliffe’s «feelings of being», T. Fuchs’s «feeling of being alive», E.M. Engelen’s «Gefühl des Lebendigseins», etc. In contrast, I argue for an account of the feeling of being alive as a unique feeling that can be described in several ways. Empirical support for this view comes mainly from Carvalho and Damasio’s hypothesis of the distinctiveness of the interoceptive system as the physiological underpinning of this feeling. This account is also in line with many other approaches recognizing the role of interoception proper in mind and subjectivity grounding, collected by Tsakiris and De Presteer. Over recent decades, Damasio’s organic descriptions have been widely acknowledged as neurophysiological counterparts of philosophical/psychological concepts. However, in my view they have been often misinterpreted, especially due to the mainstream Ratcliffian interpretation mediating his ideas amongst philosophers. Throughout the paper, a critical inquiry into Damasio’s conceptualization is provided, by means of conceptual analysis and an overall taxonomy of the several affective states he has proposed over the past few decades. Ultimately, a critical discussion of his own account of the feeling of being alive is offered from a philosophical viewpoint.
Combined effect of elevated CO2 and Fe deficiency on common bean metabolism and mineral profile
Authors: Deuchande Teresa , Vasconcelos Marta 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Aims
Elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2) and restricted iron (Fe) supply are known to impact plant growth and nutritional quality of food crops. However, studies aimed at understanding how eCO2 will interact with Fe deficiency are scarce. Changes in the nutritional status of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) may significantly impact the nutritional status of populations that rely heavily on this crop.

Methods
To understand the combined effects of eCO2 and Fe deficiency on mechanisms relevant to plant nutrient uptake and accumulation, common bean plants were grown under Fe sufficiency (Fe+, 20 mM Fe-EDDHA) and Fe deficiency (Fe-, 0 mM Fe-EDDHA) combined with eCO2 (800 ppm) or ambient CO2 (aCO2, 400 ppm) in hydroponics until maturity.

Results
Elevated CO2, besides stimulating photosynthesis and stomatal closure, highly affected plant Fe metabolism: stimulated root ferric chelate reductase (FCR) activity by 6-fold and downregulated the expression of root FRO1 and IRT1 expressions by about 4-fold. In leaves, citrate and oxalate increased, but ferritin expression decreased by 9-fold. Such changes may have determined the differences on mineral accumulation patterns particularly the lower levels of Fe in roots (62%), leaves (38%) and seeds (50%). The combination of Fe deficiency and eCO2 doubled the effect of a single factor on FCR up-regulation, balanced the internal pH of Fe deficient plants, and resulted in the lowest Fe accumulation in all plant parts.

Conclusions
These results suggest that eCO2 directly affects the Fe uptake mechanism of common bean plants, decreasing plant Fe content.
Crop diversification improves the diversity and network structure of the prokaryotic soil microbiome at conventional nitrogen fertilization
Authors: Liu Bei , Schroeder Julia , Ahnemann Hauke , Poeplau Christopher , Tebbe Christoph C. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Sustainable agriculture seeks to optimize the application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers to reduce adverse economic and ecological effects. Crop diversification has been proposed to increase the efficiency of N fertilization. An open question is how the soil microbiome responds to these beneficial practices.

Methods
In a field study we investigated the effects of mineral N fertilizer with a 0-control, a conventional amount of 150 kg N ha−1 and an excessive application of 250 kg N ha−1 on the soil microbiome within a diversified cropping system with oil radish and undersown ryegrass over a period of 2.5 years and a non-diversified control, both in rotation of potato, winter rye and maize.

Results
N-fertilizations and crop rotations altered the pH, but differences were less pronounced with the diversified system. Compared to the crop species and season, N fertilization and crop diversification had less influence on the abundance of soil bacteria, archaea and fungi. The crop diversification showed a much stronger effect on archaeal than on bacterial or fungal abundances, while the microbial carbon use efficiency correlated strongly with bacterial abundance. At the end of the growing seasons, crop diversification increased prokaryotic richness and Shannon diversity in response to N addition, with a greater increase in the conventional N. At conventional N supply, prokaryotic co-occurrence networks revealed a much denser and complex structure in the diversified system.

Conclusions
The diversified cropping system under conventional N application rates showed positive effects on the prokaryotic soil microbiome by increasing their richness, Shannon diversity, and promoting a more elaborated network structure.