bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A retrospective analysis of the safety and efficacy of apatinib in treating advanced metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Wang Li , Lu Juan , Liu Yi , Gao Yunfei , Kong Man , Yang Jiandong , Kong Bin , Li Xuebing , Huang Xifen , Pei Wenzhong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease in which both epigenetic alterations and gene mutations transform normal cells into cancer cells. Apart from a variety of standard treatments, there are few options available to improve a CRC patient’s overall survival (OS) and quality of a life. The objective of the present retrospective study was to analyze the response and toxicity associated with apatinib in patients with metastatic CRC (mCRC).

Method
Data on the use of apatinib as salvage therapy were collected from patients diagnosed with mCRC, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status ≤ 3, from the Luhe Hospital. A total of 17 patients with stage IV unresectable mCRC, who received at least one cycle of apatinib, between October 2015 and February 2017, were involved in this study. Our primary endpoints were the overall response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR), and the secondary objectives were progression-free survival (PFS), OS and safety.

Result
Seventeen patients with a median age of 62 years (34-83 years) were enrolled. Twelve patients were male, and the location of the primary tumor was in the colon and the rectum in 9 and 8 patients, respectively. Liver metastasis was observed in 9 patients and lung metastasis in 5. The ECOG performance status was 0 to 2 in 13 patients. The ORR at the first evaluation was 17.6 % (3/17). The DCR was 82.4% (14/17). The median PFS was 3.0 months (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.924-4.076 months) and the median OS was 5.4 months (95% CI: 3.383-7.417 months). Grade 1-2 adverse events included hypertension (52.9%), fatigue (64.7%), anorexia (29.4%), hoarseness (23.5%), proteinuria (23.5%), and development of rashes (17.6%). Grade 3 adverse events included thrombocytopenia (5.9%) and proteinuria (5.9%). There were no Grade 4 adverse events in our analysis.

Conclusions
Apatinib was found to be both safe and effective in the treatment of advanced mCRC, and its associated toxicities were acceptable and manageable. However, further studies are required to validate these findings.
The clinical study of ultrasound-guided intra-hysteromyoma injection of ethyl alcohol absolute combined with HIFU in the treatment of uterine fibroids
Authors: Zou Xiaoli , Sun Baixin , Jia Li , Liu Xiaobei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the energy deposition in the target area of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) with ultrasound-guided intra-hysteromyoma injection of ethyl alcohol absolute

Methods
Eighty patients with hysteromyomas were randomly divided into two groups: group HIFU (group H) and group HIFU combined with ultrasound-guided intra-hysteromyoma injectionn of ethyl alcohol absolute (group E + H). Patients in group E + H received an ultrasound-guided injection of absolute ethyl alcohol 1 h before HIFU treatment. The irradiation time, irradiation dose, energy efficiency factor (radiation energy required for ablation of a myoma per unit of volume), grey variation, pain score, and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. An independent sample t-test was used with a two-tailed P-value of < 0.05.

Results
The irradiation time, irradiation dose, and energy efficiency factor were significantly lower in group E + H than those in group H (P < 0.05). The hysteromyomas of patients in group E+H appeared as dominantly hyperechoic masses, and those of patients in group H appeared as hyperechoic tissue (non-mass). The incidence of adverse reactions and pain score were higher in group H than those in group E + H (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
Ultrasound-guided intra-hysteromyoma injection of ethyl alcohol absolute can enhance the energy deposition of HIFU in the uterine fibroids, improve the treatment efficiency, shorten the treatment time, reduce the treatment dose, and reduce the pain and complications for the patients.
The combined prognostic value of pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in stage IE/IIE extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Quan Xiaoying 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to explore the combined prognostic value of pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in newly diagnosed IE/IIE extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) treated with a P-Gemox regimen combined with radiotherapy or radiotherapy alone.

Methods
A total of 132 patients from 2009 to 2017 at the Sichuan Cancer Hospital were enrolled in the study. The cutoff values of NLR, LMR, and PLR using overall survival (OS) rate as an endpoint were obtained by the receiver operating curve.

Results
The cutoff value of NLR was 3.5. Patients with high NLR had significantly shorter progression-free survival (PFS) (P < 0.001) and OS (P < 0.001) than those with low NLR. Similarly, the cutoff value of LMR was 3.0. The high LMR group had significantly longer PFS (P=0.001) and OS (P < 0.001) than the low LMR group. Similarly, the cutoff value of PLR was 191.7. The high PLR group was significantly associated with poor PFS (P < 0.001) and OS (P < 0.001) than the low PLR group. Furthermore, combining NLR, LMR, and PLR to build a new model to stratify patients into low-, intermediate-, intermediate-high-, and high-risk groups, there were also significant differences in PFS (P < 0.001) and OS (P < 0.001). The univariate analysis showed that presenting B symptoms, stage IIE, local tumor invasion, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score ≥ 2, elevated lactate dehydrogenase level, elevated NLR, decreased LMR, and elevated PLR were significantly associated with poor survival. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that PLR was an independent prognostic factor for both PFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.073, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.080-3.981, P = 0.028) and OS (HR = 2.127, 95% CI = 1.102-4.107, P = 0.025).

Conclusion
Elevated pretreatment PLR was a novel simple predictor of poor survival in patients with stage IE/IIE ENKTL. Combining NLR, LMR, and PLR could provide additional stratification.
The study of selective primary culture and determination of a breast cancer cell line in vitro*
Authors: Ren Meng , Xu Huixia , Lu Xiangji , Wang Bingping , Su Rina , Zhang Hao , Jiang Song , Gao Fengying , Gao Yanwei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
The successful establishment of a tumor cell bank is based on the premise that the target cells can be cultured by a legitimate approach. In this experiment, we used primary culture to select and detect breast cancer cells in vitro, which can provide experimental ideas and methods for the establishment of a living tumor tissue cell bank.

Methods
Fifty-two specimens were collected over a two-year period from people with breast cancer who needed surgical treatment in our hospital. Cells were isolated and used to establish successful cell culture. Cell activity and cell purity were measured before liquid nitrogen cryopreservation.

Results
(1) At the initial culture stage, cells grew with adherence. Cell multiplication could be seen after the cell medium was exchanged three times. Cell viability was above 86%, while the viability of the target cells was above 75%, as detected by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. (2) The number of breast cancer cells decreased, while the number of fibroblasts increased after five rounds of passage. (3) The success rate was 73.08%, which did not include polluted cells and those that were not successfully cryopreserved.

Conclusion
(1) breast cancer cells could be selected from primary culture in vitro through an appropriate method. (2) Exchange of the cell medium and further cell passage improved cell multiplication. (3) The experimental results could be monitored using trypan blue and HE staining. (4) The success of breast cancer cell culture in vitro could be used as a reference for other cell culture, so as to establish a tumor tissue cell bank.
Mental distress evaluation and intervention for cancer patients*
Authors: Xu Honghong , Xue Ruotong , Cheng Yi , Zhang Yujie , Rao Jie , Liu Mei , Yu Shiying , Liu Lingxiang , Liu Yiqian , Shu Yongqian , Yang Liuqing , Shi Hanping 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMental distress is prevalent among cancer patients. Many measurements have been developed to screen and evaluate such distress. About one-third of the persons with cancer will experience significant levels of distress, requiring targeted psychosocial intervention. Mental distress has been endorsed as the sixth vital sign by the International Psycho-Oncology Society (IPOS) in 2009. The need for effective screening and psychological interventions is well recognized as a necessary, integral part of oncology care. This systematic review examines the psychometric properties of the existing tools used to screen patients for emotional distress and the applicable intervention methods.
Mental health status of cancer caregivers, assessment tools, and psychological interventions*
Authors: Xu Honghong , Xue Ruotong , Cheng Yi , Zhang Yujie , Rao Jie , Liu Mei , Yu Shiying , Liu Lingxiang , Liu Yiqian , Shu Yongqian , Yang Liuqing , Shi Hanping 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMany studies pointed out that psychological pain is not limited to the cancer patients themselves, but their caregivers also experience different levels of psychological problems such as depression, anxiety, and stress. This article attempts to review the mental health status, assessment tools, and psychological interventions of the caregivers of cancer patients, and calls on social and medical workers to pay attention to the mental and physical health status of the caregivers of cancer patients.
Silencing Neuropilin 1 gene reverses TGF-β1-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition in HGC-27 gastric cancer cell line*
Authors: Xu Weiguo , Yang Xin , Zhan Qiqi , Ding Guanyi , Guo Shang , Zhu Bing , Xu Hong , Liu Xiangmei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine Neuropilin 1 (NRP1) contribution to transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HGC-27 gastric cancer cells and study its mechanism.

Methods
In this study, TGF-β1 was used to induce EMT in HGC-27 cells. Further, these cells were stably transfected with siRNA targeting NRP1. Wound healing and transwell assays were used to measure cell migration and invasion, respectively. NRP1 and EMT markers were measured using quantitative real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting.

Results
Exposure of TGF-β1 conferred a fibroblastic-like shape to cancer cells and significantly increased the expression of NRP1 in HGC-27 cells. TGF-β1 subsequently promoted migration and invasion of HGC-27 cells. Furthermore, silencing NRP1 inhibited the invasion and migration of TGF-β1-induced cells undergoing EMT.

Conclusion
Silencing NRP1 can inhibit cell migration, invasion, and metastasis and reverse the TGF-β1-induced EMT process of gastric cancer.
Relationship between molecular changes in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) mutations in lung adenocarcinoma*
Authors: Na Rina , Luan Wei , He Yinzai , Gao Yanwei , Cha Nier , Jia Baoqin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and their impact on the prognosis and treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.

Methods
A total of 158 cases of lung adenocarcinoma reported between January 2007 and January 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. These tumors were resected using radical pneumonectomy and underwent pathology-based diagnosis at our institution (Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China). The tissue sections were evaluated using the updated World Health Organization classification of lung adenocarcinomas (2015 version), with each histological component recorded in 5% increments. The histological subtypes were classified, and any surviving cases were followed up. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and direct DNA sequencing were used to evaluate mutations in exons 18, 19, 20, and 21 in the EGFR gene, and the echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 gene-ALK variant (EML4-ALK) fusions were detected using sequencing.

Results
Our cohort included 25 patients with pre-invasive adenocarcinoma, 13 patients with lepidic, 66 patients with acinar, 13 patients with papillary, and 25 patients with solid infiltrative adenocarcinoma with the remaining cases presenting with a variety of pathological subtypes. The prognosis of each histological subtype was different with the 5-year disease-free survival and 5-year overall survival (OS) of pre-invasion adenocarcinoma at 100%; the 5-year OS of lepidic, acinar, and papillary adenocarcinoma patients was only 84.6%, 72.7%, and 76.9%, respectively. The 5-year OS of solid and mucinous adenocarcinomas were 32.0% and 36.4%, respectively. EGFR mutation was detected in 69 cases with a mutation rate of 43.7% and majority of these mutations were found in exons 19 (50.6%) and 21 (37.9%), with women and non-smokers shown to experience a higher mutation rate (P < 0.05). However, histological subtype analysis showed that EGFR mutations were primarily found in adenocarcinomas. Most of these mutations were found in lepidic (53.8%) or acinar adenocarcinomas (50.0%), whereas these mutations were rare in both solid (28.0%) and mucinous adenocarcinoma (27.2%). The fusion mutation rate in the EML4-ALK gene was 5.69%, and was most common in young, nonsmoking patients (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
The prognosis of patients in each lung adenocarcinoma subtype is different, and these outcomes are likely related to mutations in the EGFR and EML4-ALK genes. EGFR mutation rates are higher in lepidic and acinar adenocarcinomas, whereas EML4-ALK gene fusion mutations are more common in solid and mucinous adenocarcinoma. EGFR mutations are more common in female and non-smoking patients, whereas EML4-ALK fusions are more common in young, non-smoking patients.
The prognostic significance of ALI, PLR, and Ki-67 expression in stage III-IV inoperable non-small cell lung cancer*
Authors: Li Ying , Li Qiaofang , He Yanluqi , Zhang Hongzhen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
The aim of the study was to investigate and compare the prognostic value of advanced inflammatory index, platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and Ki-67 expression in stage III-IV inoperable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) before treatment.

Methods
The clinical data of 98 inoperable patients with stage III-IV NSCLC in our hospital (Fifth Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China) before treatment were retrospectively analyzed, and advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) was calculated using body mass index (BMI) × serum albumin (ALB) ÷ neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR). he optimal cutoff values of ALI and PLR for predicting prognosis is determined. Chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship between patients and clinical characteristics. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the total survival of patients, and log-rank test was used for comparison. Independent prognostic factors were assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses. Spearman correlation was used to analyze the relationship among ALI, PLR, and Ki-67.

Results
In our study of the 98 cases, the survival time of the patients with ALI < 18 was significantly lower than that of patients with ALI > 18 (P < 0.001), with a median survival time of 10 months and 25 months, respectively. The survival time of patients with a PLR < 185 was significantly higher than that of patients with a PLR > 185 (median survival time was 27 months vs. 10 months, P < 0.001).The higher the Ki-67 expression, the shorter the survival time (P < 0.005).The combined ALI and PLR detection results indicated that the survival time of patients with high ALI and low PLR was significantly longer than that of patients with low ALI and high PLR (P < 0.001). Univariate analysis showed that smoking history, degree of differentiation, KPS score, Ki-67 expression, ALI value, and PLR affected the prognosis of patients. Multivariate analysis showed that KPS score, ALI value, and Ki-67 expression were independent prognostic factors.

Conclusion
ALI, PLR, and Ki-67 expression are important predictors of stage III-IV inoperable NSCLC. In terms of the prognostic value, ALI seems to have the best ability to predict patient survival. In addition, the combined detection of ALI and PLR levels before treatment seems to be more helpful in improving our prediction of patient prognosis. Moreover, it is expected to play a role in future clinical applications.
Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the ureter: A case report and literature review
Authors: Zhou Qian , Du Guobo , Tang Jie , Wang Yujia , Xiao Yu , Tan Bangxian 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Ewing sarcoma/primary neuroectodermal tumors are rare, invasive, and small round blue cell tumors. There are few reports of its occurrence in the urinary system. Here, we present the first middle-aged female patient whose Ewing sarcoma primary site was in the ureter. The main clinical manifestation was intermittent hematuria. She was in good health after complete surgical resection and adjuvant radiotherapy. To date, there has been no recurrence or metastasis. Accurate early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help prolong survival. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography is expected to be an effective means of evaluating treatment effects and detecting metastasis and recurrence. In this article, besides introducing a case of Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the ureter, we review the literature to discuss the current status of diagnosis and treatment.
Future of targeted therapy for gastrointestinal cancer: Claudin 18.2
Authors: Niu Qian , Liu Jiamin , Luo Xiaoxiao , Su Beibei , Yuan Xianglin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The treatment of gastrointestinal cancer has always been a crucial research area, and targeted therapy has been receiving increasing attention. At present, the effect of targeted therapy is unsatisfactory for gastric cancer. Thus, the discovery of new targets is crucial. Claudin 18.2 (CLDN18.2), a member of the claudin family, belongs to the tight junction protein family that controls the flow of molecules between cell layers. CLDN18.2 expression has been discussed in many studies. In recent years, there have been many studies on targeted therapy with CLDN18.2-ideal monoclonal antibody 362. Furthermore, CLDN18.2-specific chimeric antigen receptor T therapy has been used for CLDN18.2-positive tumors, such as gastric and pancreatic cancers. Considerable research has been focused on CLDN18.2. CLDN18.2, a newly discovered marker for precise targeted therapy of gastric cancer, could offer new hope for the treatment of gastric cancer.
Analyses of the clinical characteristics of 49 cases of malignancy with multiple bone lesions as the first manifestation
Authors: Huang Yu , Peng Ping , Zhang Peng , Zhou Lei , Wu Yingying 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the clinical features of several cases of malignancy with multiple bone lesions as the first manifestation.

Methods
Forty-nine cases of malignancy with multiple bone lesions as the first manifestation were retrospectively analyzed from May 2018 to July 2019. All patients complained of “pain at the site of bone lesion” upon admission. Baseline patient information, such as age, gender, location of bone lesions, etiology, diagnosis method, time of onset was collected.

Results
The median age of the patients was 56 years old, of which 83.7% (41/49) were aged ≥50 years. The median time of onset was 2 months. Among the cases, 40 were confirmed as solid tumor bone metastasis, whereas the remaining 9 cases as hematological system tumor. Lung cancer and multiple myeloma were the main tumor types, accounting for 40.8% (20/49) and 16.3% (8/49), respectively. Other common causes were seven cases of cancer affecting the digestive system (three cases of liver cancer, three cases of gastric cancer, and one case of esophageal cancer), as well as seven cases of unknown primary cancer. Half of the solid tumors had only multiple bone metastases but no other distant metastasis.

Conclusion
Multiple bone lesions accompanied by pain may be the first clinical manifestation in various malignant tumors. The common tumor types were lung cancer, multiple myeloma, and digestive system tumor. It is more common in people aged 50 years and older. Multiple bone lesions might be the only metastasis site of some solid tumors, and its mechanism needs further investigation.
Seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients with cancer and the impact of anti-tumor treatment on antibodies*
Authors: Wu Bili , Liu Bo , Jiang Xueyan , Yuan Ye , Qin Wan , Qin Kai , Mei Qi , Zhang Li , Zhang Huilan , Hu Guangyuan , Yuan Xianglin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to examine the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among patients with cancer and followed up changes in SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies to explore the impact of anti-tumor treatment in patients.

Methods
Patients with cancer who visited the Outpatient Clinic of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China between March 9 and April 30, 2020 were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgM, and viral load at various time points during the disease course were determined.

Results
We examined the serological results of 779 patients with cancer. The overall seroprevalence (IgG-positive or IgM-positive) rate of SARS-CoV-2 was 3.4%. The probability of seropositivity was significantly higher in patients with gastric cancer than in those without gastric cancer (odds ratio: 6.349, 95% confidence interval: 2.191-18.396). Follow-up data showed that SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG levels decreased and the polymerase chain reaction test result remained negative in seropositive patients with cancer.

Conclusion
This study investigated the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in coronavirus disease (COVID-19)-positive patients with cancer in Wuhan, China. The seropositivity in patients with cancer was lower than or similar to that in the general population. Irrespective of anti-tumor therapy, the levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies decreased in these patients. More studies are needed to better understand the impact of anti-tumor therapy on change in the levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.