bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An amino trimethylene phosphonic acid‐based chelated boric acid complex that works as a synergistic flame retardant for enhancing the flame retardancy of cotton fabrics
Authors: Zhu Wenju , Yang Mingyang , Wang Qing , Zhang Xiaohan , Li Dongxiang , Xu Zelong , Liu Shuixia , Dai Zhao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe chelating ligands of boric acid and amino trimethyl phosphonate prepared a novel flame retardant (BAP) for the cotton fabric. A stable chemical and coordination bond was formed on the surface of the cotton fibers by a simple three‐curing finishing process to make the fabric exhibits excellent durable flame retardancy. Cotton fabrics' tensile strength and whiteness got substantially retained after BAP treatment. 90 g/L BAP‐treated samples (3 curing times, 50 laundry cycles) showed good flame retardancy and durability, holding the largest limit oxygen index, 29.7%, and the shortest damage length, 61 mm. A condensed phase and gas phase synergistic flame retardant mechanism was concluded by thermogravimetric, cone calorimeter tests, and thermogravimetric infrared analysis.
Development of a risk score model for the prediction of patients needing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Wang Xi , Lin Yuping , Wang Feng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) is increasing worldwide. The need for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is determined by coronary angiography (CAG). As coronary angiography is an invasive and risky test for patients, it will be of great help to develop a predicting model for the assessment of the probability of PCI in patients with CHD using the test indexes and clinical characteristics.MethodsA total of 454 patients with CHD were admitted to the cardiovascular medicine department of a hospital from January 2016 to December 2021, including 286 patients who underwent CAG and were treated with PCI, and 168 patients who only underwent CAG to confirm the diagnosis of CHD were set as the control group. Clinical data and laboratory indexes were collected. According to the clinical symptoms and the examination signs, the patients in the PCI therapy group were further split into three subgroups: chronic coronary syndrome (CCS), unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The significant indicators were extracted by comparing the differences among the groups. A nomogram was drawn based on the logistic regression model, and predicted probabilities were performed using R software (version 4.1.3).ResultsTwelve risk factors were selected by regression analysis; the nomogram was successfully constructed to predict the probability of needing PCI in patients with CHD. The calibration curve shows that the predicted probability is in good agreement with the actual probability (C‐index = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.79–0.89). According to the results of the fitted model, the ROC curve was plotted, and the area under the curve was 0.801. Among the three subgroups of the treatment group, 17 indexes were statistically different, and the results of the univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that cTnI and ALB were the two most important independent impact factors.ConclusioncTnI and ALB are independent factors for the classification of CHD. A nomogram with 12 risk factors can be used to predict the probability of requiring PCI in patients with suspected CHD, which provided a favorable and discriminative model for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Prevalence of HPV types in HIV‐positive and negative females with normal cervical cytology or dysplasia
Authors: Aziz Hafsa , Sattar Areej A. , Mahmood Humera , Fatima Shazia , Khurshid Mona , Faheem Mohammad 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe burden of HPV varies by country and HIV status. The study aimed to evaluate HPV types prevalent in HIV‐positive females compared with HIV‐negative females in the local population of the federal capital territory in Pakistan.MethodThe selected female population consisted of 65 already diagnosed HIV‐positive females and 135 HIV‐negative females. Cervical scrap was collected and analyzed for HPV and cytology.ResultsThe prevalence of HPV in HIV‐positive patients was 36.9%, higher than HIV‐negative patients (4.4%). 12.30% had cervical cytology interpreted as “LSIL” and 87.69% had cytology interpreted as “NIL.” The high‐risk type was detected in 15.39% while 21.54% showed low‐risk HPV types. Among the high‐risk types, HPV18 (6.15%), HPV16 (4.62%), HPV45 (3.07%), HPV33 (1.53%), HPV58 (3.07%), and HPV68 (1.53%) were found. In patients with LSIL, high‐risk HPV accounts for 62.5%. Risk factors, such as age, marital status, educational status, residence, parity, other STDs, and contraceptives, were analyzed to find the correlation with HPV infection Age ≤35 years (OR 1.21, 95% CI, 0.44–3.34), illiterate and incomplete secondary education (OR 1.08, 95% CI, 0.37–3.15), and those reported not to use contraceptives (OR: 1.90; 95% CI: 0.67–5.42) have an association for increased risk of HPV infection.ConclusionHPV18, HPV16, HPV58, HPV45, HPV68, and HPV33 were identified among high‐risk HPV types. High‐risk HPV was detected in 62.5% of low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. The data is useful for health policymakers to develop a strategy for HPV screening and prophylactic vaccination to prevent cervical cancer.
Youth for Youth: Raising the voices of children of incarcerated parents and implications for policy and practice
Authors: Benninger Elizabeth , Schmidt‐Sane Megan , Massey Sara , Athreya Brinda 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe aims of our study were (1) to explore the impact of having an incarcerated parent on youth (ages 10–18) wellbeing; and (2) to identify recommendations from the youth based on their needs which address the challenges of having an incarcerated parent and promote individual and community flourishing. We utilized a Youth Participatory Action Research approach, including semistructured interviews, focus group discussions, storytelling, and photovoice with 20 participants, ages 10–18. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis and organized into five thematic categories: (1) youths' perceptions of their communities; (2) incarcerations' impact on families and communities; (3) incarcerations' influence on mental health and flourishing; (4) incarceration as a solution for community safety; and (5) addressing the impact of incarceration on children, families, and communities. Findings provide important implications for practice and policy with children of incarcerated parents and for promoting flourishing individuals and communities.
Korean dental hygiene students’ perceptions and attitudes toward artificial intelligence: An online survey
Authors: Jeong Hui , Han Sang‐Sun , Kim Ki‐Eun , Park Il‐Soon , Choi Youngyuhn , Jeon Kug Jin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study investigated Korean dental hygiene students’ perceptions and attitudes toward artificial intelligence (AI) and aimed to identify needs for education to strengthen professional competencies.MethodsA 24‐question online survey was conducted to the dental hygiene students from four Korean schools in 2021. The questionnaire included seven questions on basic characteristics and 17 AI‐related questions on the student's attitudes toward AI, the confidence in AI, predictions about AI, and its future prospects. Responses were analyzed according to the frequencies and correlations between the participants’ subjective level of knowledge about AI and questions using chi‐square test.ResultsInvitations were sent out to 1310 students and 800 (61.1%) participated. Note that 44.2% of participants were interested in AI, and 93.1% accessed AI‐related information through the internet. Participants expressed lower confidence in AI's diagnosis (14.8%) and judgment (8.1%) than in those of humans, and 21.9% believed AI would replace their job. The proportions of participants with positive perceptions of the usefulness and the potential for improvement of AI in dentistry were 65.5% and 55.4%, respectively. Participants from schools who had existing AI knowledge expressed higher demands for AI‐related content as compared to those who did not (p < 0.05).ConclusionAlthough dental hygiene students expressed low level of confidence in AI, they were interested in AI and had positive views of its application and potential for improvement. However, the fact they had little AI‐related information from dental hygiene curriculum strongly suggests the need for AI‐related lectures in schools to prepare for the future.
Voxel‐based morphometric magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of small head fetus: A comparative study with normal developmental fetus
Authors: Chen Changan , Zhang He , Pan Yijun , Wang Yingfang , Tian Xiaomei , Gu Qianyu , Zhang Guofu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeTo explore the application value of voxel‐based morphometric (VBM) in prenatal diagnosis of microcephaly.MethodsA retrospective study of magnetic resonance imaging of fetuses with microcephaly was performed using a single‐shot fast spin echo sequence; semiautomatic segmentation of grey matter (GM), white matter (WM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); calculation of their volumes; and VBM analysis of their GM. Two independent samples t‐test was used to statistically analyse the fetal GM volume in the microcephaly and normal control groups. Total intracranial volume (TIV), GM volume, WM volume, and CSF volume were linearly regressed against gestational age and compared between the two groups.ResultsIn the fetus with microcephaly, GM volume of frontal lobe, temporal lobe, cuneus, anterior central gyrus, and posterior central gyrus decreased significantly (P < 0.001, corrected by family‐wise error at mass level). The GM volume of microcephaly was significantly lower than that of the control group (except for 28 weeks of gestation) (P < 0.05). TIV, GM volume, WM volume, and CSF volume were all positively correlated with gestational age, and the curves in the microcephaly group were all lower than those in the control group.ConclusionCompared with the normal control group, the GM volume of microcephaly fetuses decreased, and there were significant differences in many brain regions through VBM analysis.
Fate of 14C‐MSMA in a soil column study simulating herbicide use environments
Authors: Miner Penny , Cohen Stuart 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMonosodium methanearsonate (MSMA), a selective contact herbicide, is a sodium salt of monomethyl arsenic acid (MMA or MAA). This paper focuses on the environmental fate of MMA. Decades of research have shown that a significant portion of applied MSMA drips to soil and is sorbed quickly. The fraction available for leaching or biological uptake decreases at a biphasic rate, first rapidly and then at a slower rate. A soil column study was designed to obtain quantitative information about MMA sorption and transformation and the effects of different environmental variables on these processes, in conditions simulating the environment of MSMA use on cotton and turf. Using 14C‐MSMA, this study quantified MSMA‐derived arsenic species and differentiated between added arsenic and soil background levels. Similar behavior of MSMA was observed across all test systems with respect to sorption, transformation, and mobility, despite differences in soil type and rainfall treatment. All soil columns exhibited a rapid sorption of added MMA followed by continual sorption of residues into the soil matrix. Within the first 2 days, only 20%–25% of radioactivity was extracted by water. On day 90, less than 3.1% of added MMA was in a water extractable phase. MMA sorption was most rapid in the soil with the higher clay content. Dominant extractable arsenic species were MMA, dimethylarsinic acid, and arsenate, indicating that methylation and demethylation occurred. In all MSMA‐treated columns, arsenite concentrations were negligible and indiscernible from those in untreated columns.
Assessment of attenuation of varicella‐zoster virus vaccines based on genomic comparison
Authors: Moon Jae Yun , Seo Jina , Lee Jaewoo , Park Daechan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLive attenuated varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) vaccines are used to prevent chickenpox and shingles. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that occur during the attenuation of parental strains are critical indicators of vaccine safety. To assess the attenuation of commercial VZV vaccines, genetic variants were comprehensively examined through high‐throughput sequencing of viral DNA isolated from four VZV vaccines (Barycela, VarilRix, VariVax, and SKY Varicella). Whole‐genome comparison of the four vaccines with the wild‐type strain (Dumas) revealed that the sequences are highly conserved on a genome‐wide scale. Among the 196 common variants across the four vaccines, 195 were already present in the genome of the parental strain (pOka), indicating that the variants occurred during the generation of the parental strain from the Dumas strain. Compared to the pOka genome, the vaccines exhibited distinct variant frequencies on a genome‐wide and within an attenuation‐related open reading frame. In particular, attenuation‐associated 42 SNPs showed that Barycela, VarilRix, VariVax, and SKY Varicella are in ascending order regarding similarity with pOka‐like genotypes, which in turn, might provide genomic evidence for the levels of attenuation. Finally, the phylogenetic network analysis demonstrated that genetic distances from the parental strain correlated with the attenuation levels of the vaccines.
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5‐mediated inhibition of inward‐rectifying K+ channel 4.1 contributes to orofacial ectopic mechanical allodynia following inferior alveolar nerve transection in male mice
Authors: Li Yi‐Ke , Zhang Yan‐Yan , Lin Jiu , Liu Ya‐Jing , Li Yue‐Ling , Feng Yu‐Heng , Zhao Jia‐Shuo , Zhou Cheng , Liu Fei , Shen Jie‐Fei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractInward‐rectifying K+ channel 4.1 (Kir4.1), which regulates the electrophysiological properties of neurons and glia by affecting K+ homeostasis, plays a critical role in neuropathic pain. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) regulates the expression of Kir4.1 in retinal Müller cells. However, the role of Kir4.1 and its expressional regulatory mechanisms underlying orofacial ectopic allodynia remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the biological roles of Kir4.1 and mGluR5 in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) in orofacial ectopic mechanical allodynia and the role of mGluR5 in Kir4.1 regulation. An animal model of nerve injury was established via inferior alveolar nerve transection (IANX) in male C57BL/6J mice. Behavioral tests indicated that mechanical allodynia in the ipsilateral whisker pad lasted at least 14 days after IANX surgery and was alleviated by the overexpression of Kir4.1 in the TG, as well as intraganglionic injection of an mGluR5 antagonist (MPEP hydrochloride) or a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor (chelerythrine chloride); Conditional knockdown of the Kir4.1 gene downregulated mechanical thresholds in the whisker pad. Double immunostaining revealed that Kir4.1 and mGluR5 were co‐expressed in satellite glial cells in the TG. IANX downregulated Kir4.1 and upregulated mGluR5 and phosphorylated PKC (p‐PKC) in the TG; Inhibition of mGluR5 reversed the changes in Kir4.1 and p‐PKC that were induced by IANX; Inhibition of PKC activation reversed the downregulation of Kir4.1 expression caused by IANX (p < .05). In conclusion, activation of mGluR5 in the TG after IANX contributed to orofacial ectopic mechanical allodynia by suppressing Kir4.1 via the PKC signaling pathway.
Transcriptomic analysis of the fungus Graphilbum sp. in response to the pine wood nematode
Authors: Zhou Duanxu , Liu Qinge , Su Xiu , Zhou Xudong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGraphilbum species are important blue stain fungi associated with pine trees and are widely distributed throughout Asia, Australia, and North Africa. Pine wood nematode (PWN) primarily feed on ophiostomatoid fungi such as Graphilbum sp. in wood, the population of PWNs was increased, and incomplete organelle structures were observed in Graphilbum sp. hyphal cells following exposure to PWNs. In this study, we showed that Rho and Ras were involved in the MAPK pathway, SNARE binding and small GTPase‐mediated signal transduction, and their expression was upregulated in the treatment group. However, the expression of the Rab7 involved in MAPK and small GTPase‐mediated signal pathway was downregulated in the treatment group. Thus, further research is needed to study the MAPK pathway and related Ras and Rho genes in Graphilbum sp. associated with the PWN population. Overall, transcriptomic analysis clarified the basic mechanisms of mycelial growth in Graphilbum sp. fungus used as a food source by PWNs.
Primary tumor resection improves survival of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine carcinoma patients with nonresected liver metastases
Authors: Chen Qichen , Li Kan , Rhodin Kristen E. , Masoud Sabran J. , Lidsky Michael E. , Cai Jianqiang , Wei Qingyi , Luo Sheng , Zhao Hong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe role of primary tumor resection (PTR) in the survival of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine carcinoma (GI‐NEC) patients with liver metastases only remains poorly defined. Therefore, we investigated the impact of PTR on the survival of GI‐NEC patients with nonresected liver metastases.MethodsGI‐NEC patients with a liver‐confined metastatic disease diagnosed between 2016 and 2018 were identified in the National Cancer Database. Multiple imputations by chained equations were used to account for missing data, and the inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) method was used to eliminate selection bias. Overall survival (OS) was compared by adjusted Kaplan–Meier curves and log‐rank test with IPTW.ResultsA total of 767 GI‐NEC patients with nonresected liver metastases were identified. Among all patients, 177 (23.1%) received PTR and had a significantly favorable OS before (median: 43.6 months [interquartile range, IQR, 10.3–64.4] vs. 8.8 months [IQR, 2.1–23.1], p < 0.001 in log‐rank test) and after (median: 25.7 months [IQR, 10.0–64.4] vs. 9.3 months [IQR, 2.2–26.4], p < 0.001 in IPTW‐adjusted log‐rank test) the IPTW adjustment. Additionally, this survival advantage persisted in an adjusted Cox model (IPTW adjusted hazard ratio = 0.431, 95% confidence interval: 0.332–0.560; p < 0.001). The improved survival persisted in subgroups stratified by primary tumor site, tumor grade, and N stage, even in the complete cohort (excluding patients with missing data).ConclusionsPTR led to improved survival for GI‐NEC patients with nonresected liver metastases regardless of primary tumor site, tumor grade, and N stage. However, the decision for PTR should be made on an individualized basis following multidisciplinary evaluation.
Trismus surgery and microsurgical reconstruction after oral cancer treatment
Authors: De Pablo Alba , Chen Jyh‐Kwei , Tsao Chung‐Kan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionTrismus after oral cancer is frequent, with scarce evidence of surgical release treatment in these patients.ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to determine the results of trismus release and free flap reconstruction after oral cancer treatment, establish immediate and long‐term results, and detect factors that influence outcome.Materials and MethodsA retrospective study was performed. Preoperative, intraoperative, and follow‐up interincisal distances were measured. The intraoperative, long‐term gain, and postoperative loss were calculated. Analysis of the long‐term results with the preoperative and intraoperative variables was performed.ResultsSurgical release immediately increased the interincisal distance by 29.25 mm. Sixty‐six percent of this gain was lost due to trismus recurrence, giving a long‐term interincisal gain of 9.90 mm. Worse results were observed in patients with previous high‐stage tumors, maxillectomies, skin resections, and previous radiotherapy. The were no significant differences in the results depending on the type of release or reconstruction performed, with the exception of the reconstruction with the sural flap, which presented worse results. Patients with trismus of ≤10 mm could have more range for improvement after this surgery.ConclusionsThe results of this surgery are moderate in the long term due to high trismus recurrence in spite of aggressive treatment.
Influence of Post‐Treatment Temperature on the Stability and Swelling Behavior of Casein Microparticles
Authors: Asaduzzaman Md , Gebhardt Ronald 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the influence of exposure time and post‐treatment temperature on the stability and swelling of casein microparticles prepared by depletion flocculation and film drying. Stability experiments with sodium dodecyl sulfate at 20 °C show that particles become more stable with higher post‐treatment temperature and longer exposure times. The two‐step decrease in decay rates in each case indicates a stable intermediate state structurally different from untreated and more strongly treated microparticles. The swelling curves of microparticles also show differences in three temperature ranges at 120 min exposure times each, which is analyzed with dynamic swelling models. At temperatures T ≤ 50 °C, the casein microparticles swell and decompose in a typical two‐step process. For post‐treatments in the temperature range between T = 60 and 70 °C, the swelling curves change their shape toward limited swelling to an equilibrium swelling value. The swelling curves of microparticles treated with temperatures at 80 and 90 °C show a typical overshooting, which can be analyzed with an adapted parallel swelling model and attributed to an elastic network of newly formed bonds.