bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early adverse experiences of abuse, ventral striatum, and later life cognitive functioning
Authors: Kuenzi Morgane , Gheorghe Delia A , Bauermeister Sarah 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundAccording to the World Health Organization, dementia is one of the leading causes of death and at least 55 million people worldwide currently have dementia. Therefore, identifying the factors that increase the risk of developing dementia, but also those that protect against it, as well as the mechanisms underlying these effects, are essential for prevention and the development of interventions.MethodLiterature findings underline the detrimental effects of early adverse experiences on a variety of later‐life biopsychosocial outcomes, including brain and cognition. Adversity and its consequences may, directly and indirectly, impact cognitive functioning and lead to an increased risk of developing dementia. However, the underlying mechanisms of the association between early adversity and cognition are not yet understood.Our research aimed to understand the direct and indirect associations between early adversity and later life cognitive impairment as well as the potential mechanisms underlying these associations. A particular focus was given to the ventral striatum given previous evidence of its association with early adversity and its involvement in reward processing.ResultUsing the UK Biobank dataset, structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed.The preliminary results highlight that the experience of early abuse is associated with a higher number of addictions. Individuals having experienced sexual abuse and emotional abuse showed slower reaction times. Addiction was associated with a smaller volume of the left ventral striatum. Interestingly, a higher volume of the left ventral striatum was associated with a faster reaction time. Finally, a significant mediation between the experience of early sexual abuse and the volume of the left ventral striatum via addiction was found.ConclusionThe preliminary results found are in line with the literature findings showing associations between adversity and addiction and between adversity and cognition. In addition, the results suggest a mediating link between sexual abuse and the left ventral striatum via addiction, highlighting the importance of addiction in this association. Although direct associations between early adversity and reaction time were found, these associations were not mediated by the volume of the left ventral striatum. These findings highlight a potential pathway by which early adversity may affect the brain.
Neuroprotective Effect of Urolithin A against Cerebellum Changes in Streptozotocin‐Induced Alzheimer’s Disease Rat Model
Authors: Salari Mona Taghizade , Khani Leila , Behnam‐Rassouli Morteza , Gholami Kianoush , Ahmadnia Hananeh , Hasanpour Maede , Iranshahy Milad , Iranshahi Mehrdad 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundMicrobiota of the distal part of the intestine produces Urolithin A (Uro A) as a derivative of ellagitannins hydrolysis. Recently, the mitophagy, anti‐inflammatory, and antioxidant properties of Uro A have focused more attention on its probable beneficial effects on neurodegenerative states. The purpose of this research was to study the impact of Uro A on the histopathology of the cerebellum in a rat model of streptozotocin‐induced Alzheimer’s disease.MethodsYoung male Wistar rats underwent stereotaxic surgery and infused streptozotocin (STZ; 3 mg/Kg body weight, dissolved in 10 µl vehicle of ascorbic acid‐saline 0.1%), intracerebroventricularly. After that, rats of experimental groups 1 and 2 were administered daily (i.p.) Uro A at two different doses; 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight, respectively. At the end of the experimental period (2 weeks), rats were deeply anesthetized, perfused (10% formalin solution), and decapitated, and their brains were removed and post‐fixed in the same fixator. Then, the cerebellums were separated and processed for histological preparation. Paraffin sections (5 µm thickness) were stained (H&E) and examined under a light microscope.ResultThe microscopic photos of cerebellum sections of control, negative control, and experimental rats are presented in Figure 1. The photos show that, in comparison with the control, the disruption in the continuity of the Purkinje cell layer, as well as the abnormal morphology and lower density of Purkinje cells are obvious in the negative control section.ConclusionIt seems that Uro A treatment could somehow limit the destructive effects of STZ on the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer. Previously, decreased densities of Purkinje cells and notable morphological changes have been reported in the cerebellum of Alzheimer’s patients (Baloyannis et al., 2000).
Brain Health Interventions in Clinical Practice: A Framework for Implementation and Provisional Results from Ireland’s first Brain Health Clinic
Authors: Connolly Eimear , Dolphin Helena , Knight Graham , Fallon Aoife , Kennelly Sean P 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundAt a population level, it is acknowledged that around 40% of all causes of dementia are attributable to twelve potentially modifiable risk factors (MRFs) identified by The Lancet Commission on Dementia Prevention. Preventative measures that target these MRFs should be integrated into clinical practice, alongside biomarker‐supported diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) or Dementia. However, most memory services do not routinely provide a preventative Brain Health Clinic (BHC).MethodsTallaght University Hospital Institute of Memory and Cognition (TIMC) is a Regional Specialist Memory Clinic (RSMC) in an Irish tertiary hospital which provides patients with biomarker‐supported multidisciplinary consensus diagnosis. It has established Ireland’s first BHC to identify and address MRFs for dementia. Here we outline a framework for implementation of a BHC integrated within a clinical memory service. The assessment tools used to capture specific MRFs will be detailed. Data has been collected from the first 75 patients attending the service, and their demographic details, consensus diagnosis and MRF profiles will be described.ResultsThe assessments carried out in our BHC are outlined in Figure 1. The BHC Pathway is shown in Figure 2. Patients are followed longitudinally with repeat cognitive testing at 18, 36 and 54 months. The demographic data for the first 75 patients attending this service, their consensus diagnosis and MRF profiles are outlined in Table 1. The most common diagnosis was MCI (n = 61) of which 48 had an amnestic phenotype. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) pathology were tested in 32 patients (52.45% of MCI patients). Hypertension was the most evident vascular risk factor, found in 60% of participants. Over half of patients had self‐reported poor sleep using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Hearing was assessed in 63 patients (84%), with 35% (n = 22) of tested patients requiring referral for formal audiology testing, highlighting the importance of screening for this risk factor.ConclusionsTIMC have implemented a BHC and embedded it within a RSMC model. This enables patients to engage in targeted, personalised MRF assessment and modification. The risk factor profile of patients attending our BHC provides a valuable insight into MRF prevalence in patients attending memory clinics.
Efficacy of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) in Cognition and Memory in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairement or Alzheimer’s Disease. A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Hendi Nada Ibrahim , El‐Samahy Mohamed , AboEl‐Azm Yosra Hussein , Arar Amina , Ramadan Shrouk I , Zedan Esraa M , Yasen Noha Samy 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundGamma desynchronization is an early pathophysiological event in Alzheimer’s disease with a disturbance in oscillation in the gamma frequency range 30‐80 Hz. This disruption was found to be directly related to the disease progression and severity. Thus, the use of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) possessed greater interest. tACS can induce synchronization of neural networks leading to improvement in behavior and cognition. However, there’s still controversy regarding the beneficial effect of tACS in improving cognition and memory in Alzheimer’s disease patients. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aims to pool and synthesize evidence from randomized controlled trials to assess the efficacy of tACS on memory and cognition in patients with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer’s disease.MethodWe searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science up to Dec 17, 2023. We included a total of seven randomized controlled trials comprising 246 patients with Alzheimer’s disease or mild cognitive impairment. Our primary outcomes were Rey auditory verbal learning scale (RAVL), short latency afferent inhibition (SAI), and face‐name association task (FNAT).ResultThere was a significant difference between tACS and sham groups in favor of tACS in RAVL immediate recall (MD = 8.80, 95% CI = [5.22, 12.38], P < 0.00001), delayed recall (MD = 1.34, 95% CI = [0.78, 1.89], P < 0.00001), and total recall (MD = 10.62, 95% CI = [5.33, 15.92], P < 0.00001). Short latency afferent inhibition was significantly reduced in the tACS group compared to sham group (MD = ‐0.35, 95% CI = [‐0.41, ‐0.29], P < 0.00001). There was also a significant difference in FNAT in favor of tACS group (MD = 3.29, 95% CI = [2.50, 4.08], P < 0.00001)ConclusionPreliminary evidence suggests the potential efficacy of tACS for improving cognition in Alzheimer’s disease patients. However, due to the limited number of studies and the small sample size, there’s still insufficient evidence to conclude a decision regarding this matter. More standardized, large clinical trials are needed to establish better evidence.
Implementing Digital Cognitive Assessments to Detect Cognitive Impairment: Results from the Davos Alzheimer’s Collaborative Early Detection Program
Authors: MacLeod Tim , Murray James F. , dos Santos Filho Otelo Corrêa , de Sá Paiva Lima Marcilea Dias , Govia Ishtar , Robinson Janelle , Kowa Hisatomo , Morimoto Kohei , López‐Ortega Mariana , McKean Alison , Ritchie Craig , Baksh Magda R. , Smith Steven R. , Willis Deanna R , Brosch Jared R. , Small Seamus , Martin Tammy , Selzler Katherine J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundCognitive impairment is frequently undetected or undiagnosed in the early stages. To increase the rates of detecting cognitive impairment, the Early Detection program of the Davos Alzheimer’s Collaborative System Preparedness (DAC‐SP) implemented digital cognitive assessments (DCA) in primary care and other non‐specialty settings.MethodsThe DAC‐SP Early Detection program was initiated in 2021 in seven healthcare systems across six countries. Sites were able to choose from several DCAs, and clinicians were provided training, including recognizing signs and symptoms of cognitive decline, and provided with post‐diagnostic support. Patients were eligible for a DCA if they were over 60 years of age, able to hear and see well enough to complete the assessments, and had no prior diagnosis of dementia. The DCA tools included Linus Health’s Core Cognitive Evaluation, Cogstate Cognigram, and Cogstate Brief Battery.ResultsThe DCA results across the seven sites are presented in Table 1. There was notable variability in the number of patients screened across sites, which could be attributed to multiple factors (i.e., number of clinics onboarded/trained, additional testing for language and culture appropriateness of DCA tool prior to deployment, reduction in the number of elderly people visiting clinics during the COVID‐19 pandemic, available time of clinicians, etc.). The rate of cognitive impairment (abnormal and borderline) was also numerically higher at sites outside the US, independent of the DCA tool used. However, this study was not designed to evaluate operating characteristics of DCA tools, so further research is needed. Approximately 60% of the patients in the DAC‐SP Early Detection program tested abnormal or borderline for cognitive issues, suggesting the need for additional clinical assessment and follow‐up.ConclusionFindings from the DAC‐SP Early Detection program demonstrated a DCA can be implemented in existing patient care workflows, including primary care settings, and across healthcare systems globally with different resource settings. Adoption of DCAs in clinical practice can help improve the ability to detect symptoms of cognitive impairment and provide much needed earlier screening and care for patients and their families.
Association of MIND diet adherence with micronutrients and executive function among middle‐aged Latinos
Authors: Guimarães Rafael , Soto Yuliana , DiFilippo Kristen , Schwingel Andiara , Aguiñaga Susan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundBy 2060, an estimated 3.5 million Latinos may develop Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Lifestyle factors, such as adhering to the Mediterranean‐DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet, may improve cognition and reduce AD risk. This study aims to compare micronutrient intake in low and high MIND diet adherence and assess if higher micronutrient intake is associated with higher executive function (EF) scores in middle‐aged Latinos.MethodA cross‐sectional study assessed MIND diet adherence and EF in middle‐aged Latinos. The Block 2005 Food Frequency Questionnaire measured diet adherence and micronutrient intake (iron, zinc, calcium, manganese, selenium, Vitamins C, B6, B12, and D). MIND diet scores (<8.5 or ≥8.5) were dichotomized between low‐adherers and high‐adherers. EF was measured using Trails A and B test. A t‐test compared micronutrient intake in low and high adherers. Pearson correlation explored the relationship between micronutrient intake and EF.ResultData from 61 participants (Mage = 58.6 ± 8.7, 67% female) show higher micronutrient intake in high adherers. Results indicate a negative correlation between micronutrient intake and Trails A and B test scores (P<.05), suggesting better cognitive performance with higher micronutrient intake for all except Vitamin D. There were significant differences in micronutrient intake between low and high MIND diet adherers for all except Calcium and Vitamin D.ConclusionLatinos adhering to the MIND diet show higher micronutrient intake and better EF performance. Future interventions should culturally tailor MIND diet to enhance adherence, potentially improving cognitive function and reducing the risk of AD in this population.
Neuroprotective role of Piceatannol in Chronic Unpredictable Stress induced memory dysfunction
Authors: Grewal Amarjot Kaur , Dhaliwal Parneet kaur , Silakari Pragati , kumar Amit , Khan Heena , Singh Thakur Gurjeet 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundVarious studies have evidenced the neuroprotective role of SIRT1 activator. However, whether SIRT1 activator, Piceatannol pharmacological treatment is protective in chronic unpredictable stress induced memory dysfunction remains unknown. Therefore, this study design included testing the hypothesis that Piceatannol administered in chronic unpredictable stress induced memory dysfunction mice shows protective effects, explores & probes underlying the activation of SIRT1 pathway.MethodSwiss albino male mice were subjected to chronic unpredictable stress which further resulted in memory dysfunction. The levels of cortisol, biochemical parameters, inflammatory mediators, and AChE activity were examined. For memory assessment, mice were subjected to morris water maze (MWM) and passive avoidance test. Histological changes were assessed using HE staining.ResultPiceatannol (10 & 20 mg/kg; oral) dose dependently reduced chronic unpredictable stress induced memory dysfunction’s deleterious effects on biochemical parameters of oxidative stress (SOD, GSH, Catalase, TBARS), inflammatory parameters (IL‐6, IL‐1β, NF‐κB, TNF‐α, MPO), TSTQ, Transfer latency time, cortisol levels, AChE activity and histopathological changes, according to the findings. These neuroprotective effects of Piceatannol were significantly abolished by pre‐treatment with Sirtinol (10 mg/kg; i.p), a SIRT1 inhibitor. Current study concluded that induced neuroprotective benefits of Piceatannol (10 & 20 mg/kg; oral) in all probability, maybe mediated through SIRT1 activation. Hence, its neuroprotective effects can be further explored in clinical settings.ConclusionFrom the evaluation of the results of numerous parameters, we draw the conclusion that the neuroprotective effects of Piceatannol in chronic unpredictable stress induced memory dysfunction may have been caused by SIRT1 pathway activation.
Geographic measures of early life‐course social exposome in the evaluation of structural neuroanatomy: A scoping review
Authors: Melcher Eleanna M , Duran Monica , Mamlouk Gabriella M , Christensen Leslie , Kind Amy J.H. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundEarly life‐course exposome, including area‐based social disadvantage, may influence the development of cognitive reserve, thereby impacting later‐life incidence of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD). The primary goal of this scoping review is to evaluate the extent of literature examining early‐life exposure to area‐based disadvantage and its association with structural neuroanatomical differences. A secondary goal is to examine the commonalities in brain regions impacted as well as the components of the exposure‐metrics utilized to study the social exposome.MethodA systematic search for studies was conducted in PubMed, Scopus (Elsevier), Web of Science Core Collection (Clarivate), PsycINFO (EBSCO), and Google Scholar. Unique records were uploaded into Covidence for title/abstract screening and full‐text review by the study team. All articles were assessed for adherence to the following inclusion criteria: 1) English language, 2) participants 24 years of age or younger, 3) include structural neuroimaging as an outcome, 4) a geographically small area‐based metric of social disadvantage is treated as an exposure variable. Articles were excluded if they were non‐human subjects research, post‐mortem studies, reviews or meta‐analyses, or included participants who had underlying cognitive differences.ResultAfter deduplication, the search retrieved 4,965 unique records. All titles and abstracts were independently screened by two team members, with a Cohen’s kappa greater than 0.8. After title and abstract screening, we identified studies that fulfilled inclusion criteria. These articles will undergo full‐text review to assess the study populations, the components of the area‐based metrics used, the time‐course of exposures in question, and the structural neuroanatomical differences found. Relevant themes in each area will be summarized.ConclusionContinued evaluation of the relationship between early‐life exposure to area‐based disadvantage and structural neuroanatomical differences may underscore opportunities to intervene on modifiable, fundamental causes of ADRD, namely development of cognitive reserve. With this review, we plan to establish what is known regarding the association between exposure to area‐based disadvantage in early life and neuroanatomical differences. This will enable further development of a theoretical model linking exposure to disadvantage with late‐life neurodegeneration and ADRD pathology.
Impaired baroreflex sensitivity and long‐term risk of dementia in community‐based older adults
Authors: Ma Yuan , Zhang Yiwen , Hamaya Rikuta , Westerhof Berend E , Shaltout Hossam A , Kavousi Maryam , Raso Francesco U S Mattace , Hofman Albert , Wolters Frank J. , Lipsitz Lewis A , Ikram M. Arfan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundHypertension is an important modifiable risk factor for dementia, but the role of blood pressure (BP) in the development of dementia is not fully understood. Emerging data links increased BP variability and abnormal BP dynamics to dementia risk, but the relationship between baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), a fundamental physiological mechanism for maintaining stable BP, and dementia risk is unknown.MethodsWe investigated the association of BRS with the risk of dementia in community‐based older adults from the Rotterdam Study in the Netherlands. We determined cardiac BRS using a 5‐minute continuous beat‐to‐beat recording of BP and heart rate measured in a supine position between 1997 and 1999 and ascertained incident dementia cases using a standardized protocol from baseline through January 1, 2020. We quantified the association of cardiac BRS with dementia risk using adjusted cause‐specific hazard ratios.ResultsOf 1,819 participants (63% women; mean [SD] age, 71.0 [6.3] years), 421 developed dementia during a median follow‐up of 14.8 years. The association of cardiac BRS with dementia risk differed by antihypertensive medication use (P for interaction = 0.03) and was only observed in participants not taking antihypertensive medication. Specifically, reduced BRS was associated with a higher risk of dementia (cause‐specific hazard ratio [HR] comparing bottom versus top quintiles: 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08‐2.42, P for trend = 0.02) and all‐cause mortality (corresponding HR: 1.77; 95%CI: 1.33‐2.37, P for trend<0.001) after adjusting for age, sex, APOE genotype, and traditional vascular risk factors. The association remained after additional adjustment for sitting BP level and beat‐to‐beat BP variability.ConclusionsAmong older adults not taking antihypertensive medication, reduced cardiac BRS was associated with a higher long‐term risk of dementia and all‐cause death over 23 years. Impaired BRS may be a novel biomarker of significant clinical relevance for early detection and prevention of dementia in older adults.