bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sickness absence trajectories among young employees in their first full-time employment and subsequent long-term sickness absence: a Danish register-based cohort study
Authors: Sørensen Jeppe Karl , Mathisen Jimmi , Bültmann Ute , Lallukka Tea , Melchior Maria , Rod Naja Hulvej , Pedersen Jacob , Stansfeld Stephen , Rugulies Reiner , Christensen Karl Bang , Madsen Ida 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundSickness absence (SA) poses an important and costly societal and public health challenge. However, no previous studies have investigated SA trajectories among individuals in their first full-time employment, delving into the contribution of early SA to future long-term absence among young employees. We aimed to identify SA trajectories in young full-time employees and explore them as risk markers for subsequent long-term SA (LTSA).MethodIn a nationwide register-based cohort of 91 633 young employees (aged 15–30) entering the Danish labour market between 2010 and 2018, we applied group-based multi-trajectory modelling to identify SA trajectories based on daily information on SA during the first year of full-time employment. Proportional hazard models were used to examine associations between trajectory groups and subsequent 2-year risk of LTSA after the first year (>30 days).ResultsA model with three distinct SA trajectory groups was selected: (1) no or few shorter SA spells (59% for women, 62% for men), (2) frequent shorter spells (36% for women, 34% for men) and (3) frequent longer spells (6% for women, 4% for men). A clear social and health gradient in SA trajectories was identified with individuals with frequent shorter or frequent longer SA spells having lower education and a history of mental health problems. Compared to having no or few shorter spells, belonging to trajectories with frequent shorter or longer spells was associated with higher risk of subsequent LTSA (fully adjusted HRs ranging from 1.82 to 2.21).ConclusionAround 40% of young employees’ SA was characterised by frequent shorter or longer spells during the first year of full-time employment, constituting an early risk marker for future LTSA. More attention should be paid to young individuals who, at the beginning of their work life, show increased SA patterns.
Burden of disease attributable to high body mass index in Belgium: a comparative risk assessment analysis
Authors: Gorasso Vanessa , Vandevijvere Stefanie , Nusselder Wilma Johanna , De Pauw Robby , Hilderink Henk , Nayani Sarah , Van der Heyden Johan , De Smedt Delphine , Devleesschauwer Brecht 
Published: January 2025

Background and methodsHigh body mass index (BMI) is a major risk factor for several non-communicable diseases. The increasing concern about the health and economic burden of BMI makes it essential for countries to track their progress on major modifiable risk exposures. The aim of the study is to estimate the burden attributable to high BMI in Belgium, in terms of years of life lost due to disability (YLD), years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLL) and disease costs, using comparative risk assessment. We followed the general framework established in the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors study. Population attributable fractions were calculated for the year 2018 for selected health outcomes using local estimates of BMI and burden of disease estimates from the Belgian Burden of Disease study.ResultsAccording to our figures, around 37 800 YLD, 56 000 YLL and €1.85 billion in healthcare costs can be attributed to a high BMI. Diabetes had the highest number of YLD attributable to high BMI followed by musculoskeletal disorders. Cardiovascular diseases accounted for the highest burden in terms of YLL attributable to high BMI, followed by diabetes and different forms of cancers (i.e., breast, colon and rectum and oesophageal cancer).ConclusionA substantial proportion of the burden of disease could be prevented when reducing BMI in Belgium. This evidence on the impact of risk factors is important for monitoring disease burdens and setting priorities for health prevention policies.
Acceptability of digital health intervention during pregnancy to inform women about postpartum contraception (DIGICAP): a pilot randomised controlled study
Authors: Cooper Michelle , Free Caroline J , Kuan Kevin Ka-Wing , McCabe Karen , Osei-Asemani Emmanuela , Opondo Charles , Cameron Sharon 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundPregnancy within a year of childbirth has negative impacts on women and their children’s health. We developed a digital health intervention (DHI) to empower women in contraceptive choices postpartum. Our pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) aimed to establish the feasibility of a main RCT of the effects of the DHI compared with standard care on long-acting contraception use.MethodsOur pilot RCT recruited 52, 20–24 weeks pregnant women in NHS Lothian, UK between October 2022 and April 2023. Participants were randomised 7:3 to receive either the DHI (n=37) in addition to standard care, or standard care alone (n=15). Telephone survey follow-up was at 24 weeks’ gestation and 6 weeks postpartum. Semi-structured qualitative interviews (n=10) were conducted with participants receiving the DHI.ResultsAll eligible women joined the study and completed follow-up. All intervention participants found the animation highly acceptable; one participant requested text message discontinuation. We completed followed up on 37/37 (100%) of participants. DHI participants reported they valued access to credible contraceptive information that supported decision making in a non-pressurised way.ConclusionsOur DHI is highly acceptable and a trial is feasible. A larger trial is needed to establish if the DHI increases uptake of long-acting reversible contraception postpartum and reduces unintended pregnancies within 12 months of childbirth.Trial registration number(Trial registrationISRCTN48521918).
SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity amongst healthcare workers in South Africa during the Omicron wave: natural infection versus vaccination
Authors: Hoffmann Daniel J , Meyer Pieter W A , Worsley Catherine M , van der Mescht Mieke A , Visser A , Pillay Tahir S 
Published: January 2025

AimsConcerns over population-level immunity have been heightened with each successive wave of COVID-19, prompting questions about whether it is primarily derived from vaccination efforts or from previous natural infections with the virus. We wished to determine the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Pretoria (Tshwane), South Africa, and to establish whether they were derived from vaccination or natural infection.MethodsSerum samples were collected from HCWs during the fourth wave of COVID-19 between 1 December 2021 and 13 March 2022. The samples were tested using the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 Spike IgG (S-IgG), IgM (S-IgM) and the SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid IgG (NC-IgG) kits.ResultsOf the 221 participants, 76% (n=168) were women and 24% (n=53) were men. A total of 96.4% (n=213) of the participants were vaccinated. Natural infection-derived antibodies were detected in 23% (n=51) of participants, and vaccine-derived antibodies in 74% (n=164) of the HCWs.ConclusionsEven after three waves of COVID-19, HCWs derived most of their detectable antibodies from vaccination. Vaccination remains an essential tool to protect HCWs and patients from SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Low-positive controls for monitoring progesterone receptor immunohistochemical staining
Authors: Lin Yu-Hsun , Hang Jen-Fan , Yang Ching-Fen , Hsu Chih-Yi 
Published: January 2025

AimsProgesterone receptor (PR) is a crucial prognostic marker in breast cancer. However, achieving consistent results in PR immunohistochemistry (IHC) remains challenging due to the lack of well-defined low-positive controls. This study aimed to identify benign tissues with consistent low-level PR expression to serve as ideal controls for IHC.MethodsWe evaluated PR expression in the squamous epithelium of the uterine cervix, nipple smooth muscle and pancreatic islets. QuPath digital image analysis was employed to compare the intensity and quantity of PR staining in target cells within a 2×2 mm area.ResultsThe squamous epithelium of the secretory phase cervix, nipple smooth muscle and pancreatic islets displayed appreciable weak PR expression, with mean values of 73, 55 and 60 cells, respectively. Notably, 62% (8/13) of the 2×2 mm areas in the atrophic cervix were completely negative for PR expression. The coefficients of variation for weak PR-expressing cells in pancreatic islets (57.4%) and nipple smooth muscle (65.0%) were lower than those observed in the cervix (96.2%–222.0%). The squamous epithelium of the cervix, especially during the secretory phase, exhibited weak positivity confined to the basal layers, providing another viable control option. However, variations in PR expression may be influenced by physiological factors, such as hormonal fluctuations.ConclusionsPancreatic islets and nipple smooth muscle, with their consistent low-level PR expression, offer a promising solution to the challenges associated with PR IHC. This approach may help minimise variations resulting from differing staining methods across laboratories.
Association of thrombus enhancement with mortality following endovascular therapy in patients with acute anterior circulation stroke
Authors: Lin Kunxin , Guo Zhangbao , Guo Wenliang , Yue Chengsong , Li Jia , Lei Baoming , Liu Haifeng , Yang Yi , Tang Kun , Liu Wenhua , Wang Ning , Chen Wanjin , Zhao Wenlong 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundThrombus enhancement sign (TES) has emerged as a potential imaging biomarker in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) undergoing endovascular thrombectomy (EVT).ObjectiveTo evaluate the prognostic value of TES on 90-day mortality and functional outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a prospective, two-center study involving 323 patients with AIS treated with EVT. TES was assessed by CT angiography (CTA) using thin-slab maximum intensity projection. The primary outcome was 90-day mortality; secondary outcomes included functional outcomes measured by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Subgroup, mediation, and sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the predictive value of TES across different clinical factors.ResultsTES positivity was identified in 228 (70.6%) patients. TES-positive patients had a 90-day mortality rate of 25.0%, compared with 9.5% in TES-negative patients. TES was significantly associated with 90-day mortality in both univariate analysis (OR=4.275, 95% CI 1.765 to 10.350, P=0.001) and multivariate model 3 (adjusted OR=3.821, 95% CI 1.449 to 10.075, P=0.007). TES was also associated with 90-day mRS score 0–2 (OR=0.500, 95% CI 0.305 to 0.819, P=0.006) in univariate analysis.ConclusionTES is an independent predictor of 90-day mortality and poor functional outcomes in patients with AIS treated with EVT. TES can potentially serve as a valuable imaging biomarker for identifying high-risk patients.
MVST: A Multi-View Spatial-Temporal Model for Fine-Grained Crime Prediction
Authors: Wei Chang , Li Wengen , Zhang Yichao , Guan Jihong , Zhou Shuigeng 
Published: January 2025

Given a specific region, crime prediction aims to predict the occurrence of various crime events within a certain period of time in future, which is of high significance for guaranteeing urban safety. In practice, crime events are usually affected by a variety of factors from different views, e.g., the attributes of the region, the correlations between different regions, and the correlations between different categories of crime events. Moreover, these correlations are dynamically changing over time, which makes it difficult to learn the regularity and patterns in crime data for achieving accurate prediction. To address this issue, we proposed a new
M
ulti-
V
iew
S
patial-
T
emporal (MVST) model for fine-grained crime prediction. MVST model first builds a static region graph to capture the similarity between regions in terms of region attributes such as census records and economy statistics, and creates a time-dependent graph to capture the dynamic correlations between regions based on human mobility data. Meanwhile, both static and dynamic graphs are created to capture the correlations between different categories of crime events. After that, those graphs created from different views are fused together with a multi-view graph fusion module to achieve crime prediction with fine-grained time granularities, e.g., 4 hours and 12 hours. According to the experiments on two real crime datasets, our MVST model obviously outperforms existing crime prediction methods. The code of MVST model is available at
https://github.com/weichang811/MVST
.
Optimizing WRF-Hydro Calibration in the Himalayan Basin: Precipitation Influence and Parameter Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Dixit Ankur , Sahany Sandeep , Mishra Saroj Kanta , Lehner Flavio 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Lack of in-situ observations and reliable climate information in large parts of the Himalayas poses significant challenges for assessing water resources vulnerability. Integrated hydrometeorological modeling systems, like WRF-Hydro, have the potential to provide information in such ungauged or poorly observed regions, yet they require careful calibration. Here, we calibrate and assess the fidelity of WRF-Hydro in simulating the hydrological regime of the Beas basin. Selected WRF-Hydro model parameters are calibrated using the Parameter ESTimation (PEST) framework, leveraging eight WRF-Hydro simulations with two meteorological forcings from two WRF realisations. Model calibration improves the accuracy of the basin discharge simulation, however the choice of precipitation forcing is also found to be critically important. The performance of a given WRF-Hydro configuration varies with seasons. We thus propose an ensemble weighting scheme to optimize an intra-annual tradeoff between streamflow under- and overestimation in different WRF-Hydro configurations. This study demonstrate the efficacy of using WRF and WRF-Hydro for providing climate change impact-relevant information in data-sparse basins.
Outcome and complications in postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock treated with extracorporeal life support – a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kienlein Romana Maria , Trauzeddel Ralf Felix , Akbari Nilufar , Avalli Leonello , Biancari Fausto , Dini Carlotta Sorini , Guenther Sabina , Hagl Christian , Heringlake Matthias , Kruppa Jochen , Mäkikallio Timo , Martins Raphael , de Chambrun Marc Pineton , Rastan Ardawan Julian , Rubino Antonio , van den Brink Floris , Nordine Michael , Treskatsch Sascha 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock (PCCS) in cardiac surgery is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Beside other therapeutic measures (e.g. intraaortic balloon pump (IABP)), extracorporeal life support is being increasingly used in this particular form of shock. Objectives of this meta-analysis were to determine mortality and complications of extracorporeal life support treatment (ECLS) in cardiac surgery patients, and if outcomes were influenced by a preexisting cardiovascular risk profile.

Methods
MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for studies in English, published between January 1st 2000 and January 16th 2023, reporting mortality and morbidity in patients aged ≥ 18 treated with ECLS for PCCS. Supplementary data were requested from the respective corresponding authors. Outcomes were weaning from extracorporeal life support, hospital survival and complications.

Results
Two thousand, seven hundred seventy-four papers were screened, of which 132 full text articles were assessed for suitability. 70 remaining studies were included for further evaluation and data analysis. Five studies could be included in the final analysis since the corresponding authors provided additional necessary information. Successful weaning from extracorporeal life support was accomplished in 52.8% (30.8%—57.4%) and 31.1% were discharged alive (mortality of 25.0 – 56.2% after weaning). 95.1% of all treated patients suffered from at least one complication. Diabetes mellitus and obesity seem to be independent risk factors for poor outcome.

Conclusions
Extracorporeal life support for PCCS is associated with a substantial mortality and complication rate. Diabetes mellitus and obesity seem to be independent risk factors. Therefore, until future work has elucidated which patients benefit at all, the risks of ECLS-treatment must be critically weighed up against a possible benefit.
Development of a clinical prediction model for benign and malignant pulmonary nodules with a CTR ≥ 50% utilizing artificial intelligence-driven radiomics analysis
Authors: Shi Wensong , Hu Yuzhui , Chang Guotao , Qian He , Yang Yulun , Song Yinsen , Wei Zhengpan , Gao Liang , Yi Hang , Wu Sikai , Wang Kun , Huo Huandong , Wang Shuaibo , Mao Yousheng , Ai Siyuan , Zhao Liang , Li Xiangnan , Zheng Huiyu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
In clinical practice, diagnosing the benignity and malignancy of solid-component-predominant pulmonary nodules is challenging, especially when 3D consolidation-to-tumor ratio (CTR) ≥ 50%, as malignant ones are more invasive. This study aims to develop and validate an AI-driven radiomics prediction model for such nodules to enhance diagnostic accuracy.

Methods
Data of 2,591 pulmonary nodules from five medical centers (Zhengzhou People’s Hospital, etc.) were collected. Applying exclusion criteria, 370 nodules (78 benign, 292 malignant) with 3D CTR ≥ 50% were selected and randomly split 7:3 into training and validation cohorts. Using R programming, Lasso regression with 10-fold cross-validation filtered features, followed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression to construct the model. Its efficacy was evaluated by ROC, DCA curves and calibration plots.

Results
Lasso regression picked 18 non-zero coefficients from 108 features. Three significant factors—patient age, solid component volume and mean CT value—were identified. The logistic regression equation was formulated. In the training set, the ROC AUC was 0.721 (95%CI: 0.642–0.801); in the validation set, AUC was 0.757 (95%CI: 0.632–0.881), showing the model’s stability and predictive ability.

Conclusion
The model has moderate accuracy in differentiating benign from malignant 3D CTR ≥ 50% nodules, holding clinical potential. Future efforts could explore more to improve its precision and value.

Clinical trial number
Not applicable.
Association of clinical knowledge with patient care ownership among resident physicians: a nationwide cross-sectional study in Japan
Authors: Fujikawa Hirohisa , Tamune Hidetaka , Nishizaki Yuji , Shimizu Taro , Yamamoto Yu , Shikino Kiyoshi , Sekine Miwa , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Tokuda Yasuharu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Both clinical knowledge and patient care ownership (PCO) are crucial to the provision of quality patient care and should be acquired during training. However, the association between these two concepts is under-examined. Here, we conducted a nationwide cross-sectional study to investigate the association between clinical knowledge and PCO among resident physicians in Japan.

Methods
From January 17 to March 31, 2024, we conducted an anonymous, online, self-administered survey for a series of PCO research projects. The survey targeted medical residents who took the General Medicine In-Training Examination (GM-ITE). The mean of the Japanese version of the PCO Scale was used as outcome variable. The primary explanatory variable was total GM-ITE score, while the secondary explanatory variables were GM-ITE category scores in medical knowledge. We conducted multivariable linear regression analysis, controlling for postgraduate years, sex, number of assigned inpatients, weekly working hours, type of hospital, and size of hospital.

Results
We included 1836 participants in our statistical analysis. Multivariable linear regression analysis revealed that after adjustment for possible confounders, GM-ITE total scores showed a significantly negative association with PCO in the highest score quartile (adjusted mean difference − 0.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.33 to -0.07, compared with the lowest score quartile). Additionally, after controlling for possible confounding factors, scores for symptomatology and clinical reasoning showed a dose-dependent negative association with PCO (adjusted mean difference − 0.17, 95% CI -0.30 to -0.03 for the highest score quartile compared with the lowest score quartile). No significant dose-dependent associations were found for the other categories.

Conclusions
These findings suggest the presence of potential challenges in the simultaneous fostering of clinical knowledge and PCO during residency training. This underscores the need for educators to actively engage in the reconsideration of current postgraduate training strategies, with the aim of effectively cultivating both clinical knowledge and PCO among medical residents.
Evaluation of plasma cell sorting methods in multiple myeloma patients: flow cytometry versus magnetic beads
Authors: Choi Yu Jeong , Choi Jaeguk , Kang Yehyun , Shin Saeam , Lee Seung-Tae , Choi Jong Rak 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The prognosis of a plasma cell neoplasm (PCN) varies depending on the presence of genetic abnormalities. However, detecting sensitive genetic mutations poses challenges due to the heterogeneous nature of the cell population in bone marrow aspiration. The established gold standard for cell sorting is fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), which is associated with lengthy processing times, substantial cell quantities, and expensive equipment. Magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) can be performed without the need for FACS equipment and allows for rapid sorting of many cells, making it a practical alternative. Our objective is to conduct a comparative analysis of these two sorting techniques to assess whether MACS can viably replace FACS in clinical applications.

Methods
Plasma cell purity, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and next-generation sequencing analyses were performed on FACS- and MACS-sorted bone marrow samples from 31 PCN patients.

Results
The MACS-sorted samples yielded a higher percentage of plasma cells than FACS-sorted samples under microscopy (p = 0.0156) and flow cytometry (p = 0.0313). FISH performed by two methods in 10 samples showed the same results, and the proportion of abnormal cells was significantly higher in MACS than in FACS (p = 0.001). Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test analysis showed that the median of differences of variant allele frequency (VAF) of two methods (VAF of MACS minus VAF of FACS) in the DNMT3A, TET2, and ASXL1 (DTA) group was − 0.006555 (p = 0.0020), while that in the non-DTA group was 0.002805 (p = 0.0019). Ten copy number variants (CNVs) were found in both FACS- and MACS-sorted samples, eight were identified only in MACS-sorted samples, and one was detected only in FACS-sorted samples.

Conclusion
Our study demonstrates that MACS is a viable alternative for plasma cell sorting in bone marrow samples of patients with PCN.