bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breaking Up Sedentary Time Reduces Recurrent Fall Risk, but Not Incident Fracture Risk in Older Men
Authors: Roe Lauren S. , Harrison Stephanie , Cawthon Peggy M. , Ensrud Kristine , Gabriel Kelley Pettee , Kado Deborah M. , Cauley Jane A. ,   the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study Research Group
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTApart from physical activity volume, frequent breaks from sedentary bouts and active bouts may differentially reduce fall and fracture risk. We assessed the longitudinal relationship between frequency of breaks from time spent sedentary and frequency of active bouts with recurrent falls and fractures. The sample included 2918 men aged 79.0 ± 5.1 years with free‐living activity (SenseWear Armband) at the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS) year 7 (2007–2009) visit. Men were divided into quartiles by the number of breaks from sedentary bouts (sedentary bout: 5+ minutes sedentary; <1.5 metabolic equivalents of task [METS]) and separately by active bout frequency (active bout: 5+ minutes of activity; ≥1.5 METS). Recurrent falls (2+ falls/year) and fractures were ascertained by self‐report; fractures were radiographically confirmed. Generalized estimating equations estimated the recurrent fall odds, with restricted cubic splines applied to assess nonlinear relationships. Cox proportional hazards models estimated fracture risk. Over 4 years of follow‐up after year 7, 1025 (35.1%) men were fallers. Over 8.40 ± 4.10 years of follow‐up, 640 (21.9%) men experienced a fracture. There was a significant nonlinear U‐shaped relationship between number of breaks from sedentary bouts and recurrent falls (p < 0.001); compared with men with few breaks from sedentary bouts (1.4–<13.6), the odds of recurrent falls were lower with a moderate number (13.6–<17.0, odds ratio [OR] = 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.66, 1.01; 17.0–<20.4, OR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.64, 0.99), but not with the highest number of breaks from sedentary bouts (20.4–34.6, OR = 1.01, 95% CI 0.81, 1.27). Results remained borderline significant after adjusting for total sedentary time. Men with the highest compared with the lowest number of breaks from sedentary bouts had a lower fracture risk, but the association was attenuated after adjustment for total sedentary time. No associations were observed for active bout frequency. In conclusion, breaking up extended periods of sedentary time reduces fall risk regardless of total sedentary time. © 2023 The Authors.JBMR Pluspublished by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Empowering patients with sickle cell anemia and their families through innovative educational methods
Authors: Plett Riley , Eling Craig , Tehseen Sarah , Felton Kathleen , Martin Gina , Sheppard Vivian , Pegg Megan , Sinha Roona 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSickle cell disease (SCD) is a group of inherited blood disorders caused by a mutation in the beta subunit of hemoglobin (HbS). SCD will hereafter be referred to as sickle cell anemia (SCA) as this is the term our patients and their families prefer. There are approximately 5000 Canadians living with SCA including children. Pediatric SCA patient education can: improve knowledge, decrease hospitalization, improve medication possession ratio, lead to better SCA‐related functioning, and lower pain impact. Innovative educational materials were developed to improve knowledge and self‐efficacy regarding the illness management of patients and parents/guardians. Patients (n = 5; aged 8–18) with SCA and parents (n = 5) of patients (aged 0–18) were recruited via flyers sent directly to patients and distributed through partner patient organization Sickle Cell Awareness Network of Saskatchewan. Patient and parent focus groups were held separately over Zoom to receive feedback for the video. An additional interview was held for a participant that required a translation of the video. Audio recordings were transcribed using Zoom and Otter.ai. The coding of transcripts was facilitated by NVivo (QSR International Pty Ltd, 2022, release 1.6.2). The thematic analysis centered around SCA management concepts relevant to the research aims. Important themes that emerged included ‘Age Appropriateness’, ‘Empowerment’, ‘Knowledge Gaps’, ‘Linguistic Accessibility’, ‘Medication Adherence’, ‘Strength in Community’, and ‘Transition to Adult Care’. The video was well received, and “brought peace of mind”. Patient feedback was incorporated into the final version of the educational materials.
O‐RADS MRI SCORE: An Essential First‐Step Tool for the Characterization of Adnexal Masses
Authors: Thomassin‐Naggara I. , Dabi Y. , Florin M. , Saltel‐Fulero A. , Manganaro L. , Bazot M. , Razakamanantsoa L. 
Published: August 2023

The ovarian‐adnexal reporting and data system on magnetic resonance imaging (O‐RADS MRI) score is now a well‐established tool to characterize pelvic gynecological masses based on their likelihood of malignancy. The main added value of O‐RADS MRI over O‐RADS US is to correctly reclassify lesions that were considered suspicious on US as benign on MRI. The crucial issue when characterizing an adnexal mass is to determine the presence/absence of solid tissue and thus need to perform gadolinium injection. O‐RADS MR score was built on a multivariate analysis and must be applied as a step‐by‐step analysis: 1) Is the mass an adnexal mass? 2) Is there an associated peritoneal carcinomatosis? 3) Is there any significant amount of fatty content? 4) Is there any wall enhancement? 5) Is there any internal enhancement? 6) When an internal enhancement is detected, does the internal enhancement correspond to solid tissue or not? 7) Is the solid tissue malignant? With its high value to distinguish benign from malignant adnexal masses and its high reproducibility, the O‐RADS MRI score could be a valuable tool for timely referral of a patient to an expert center for the treatment of ovarian cancers. Finally, to make a precise diagnosis allowing optimal personalized treatment, the radiologist in gynecological imaging will combine the O‐RADS MRI score with many other clinical, biological, and other MR criteria to suggest a pathological hypothesis.Level of Evidence5Technical Efficacy Stage3.
Patients' experiences of engaging with electronic Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) after the completion of radiation therapy for breast cancer: a pilot service evaluation
Authors: Hughes Jane , Flood Terri 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionOver 60 % of people who develop breast cancer will receive radiation therapy (RT) as part of their treatment. Side effects of RT may include inflammation, erythema, desquamation and fatigue. Electronic Patient Reported Outcomes Measures (ePROMs) enable patients to report side effects prior to their scheduled post‐RT appointment. This pilot service evaluation aims to explore patients' perceptions regarding the value of the ePROM system, ease of its use and barriers to using the system, after breast irradiation.MethodsFrom July–November 2021, evaluation surveys were posted to 100 people who had received RT to their breast to explore their experience of using the ePROM. Ethical approval was obtained through Ulster University and the Western Health and Social Care Trust (WHSCT), Northern Ireland.ResultsFifty‐two people responded to the survey, of which 27 respondents indicated that they had accessed the ePROM. Despite few participants experiencing significant side effects, the majority of participants recommended the ePROM indicating that it was an important source of support. Those who experienced significant side effects found the system to be prompt and effective. Barriers to accessing the ePROM included technical issues with the link, concerns about confidentiality and forgetting to access the link. Access to the ePROM increased with higher education levels.ConclusionsThis pilot service evaluation demonstrated that ePROMs are valued by patients and can provide rapid real‐time access to support, offering individual care and reassurance. For patients with longer RT schedules (>10 fractions), the introduction of ePROMs during RT was viewed favourably by participants. All patients may benefit from the option of receiving ePROMs post‐RT.
Novel coding schemes for dual wavelength quantum cascade laser‐based free space optical links
Authors: Ashok P. , Madhan M. Ganesh , Raja P. M. Siva , Gopinath S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDual wavelength quantum cascade lasers (DW‐QCLs) are a type of semiconductor laser that can emit two different wavelengths of light simultaneously. They are constructed using quantum cascade structures, consisting of multiple layers of semiconductor materials carefully engineered to produce the desired wavelengths of light. This research article reports the numerical simulation and evaluation of the maximum capacity of free space optical (FSO) link employing novel coding schemes for DW‐QCL‐based pulsed optical transmitters. A 48‐stage DW‐QCL emitting at 10.5 and 8.9 μm wavelengths and a Quantum‐Well based Infrared Photodetector based receiver are considered for the study. The performance of the link is analyzed under short pulse transmission from the device at both wavelengths for various scenarios. Optical pulses are obtained either at a single wavelength or two different wavelengths by proper choice of electrical input current amplitude. This feature enables the implementation of four different coding schemes. Among the various coding approaches proposed, the scheme, which operates on symbols, performs the best, providing a maximum link length of 1700m, for a BER of 10−9.
A mini review on manipulation of carbohydrate for better use in surimi and surimi products: modification and compounding
Authors: Zhang Sijing , Zhang Liangzi , Yin Tao , You Juan , Liu Ru , Wang Lan , Huang Qilin , Wang Weisheng , Ma Huawei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCarbohydrate is widely used in the production of surimi and surimi products to improve their qualities, such as anti‐freezing capability, gelling ability, nutrition, flavor and 3D printability. More and more native carbohydrates have been modified through physical methods (e.g., ball milling, irradiation and differential sedimentation), chemical method (e.g., deacetylation, hydroxypropylation and acetic acid esterification) or enzymatic method (e.g., chitosanase) before being used in the processing of surimi and surimi products in recent years. At the same time, different carbohydrates are compounded and applied to surimi and surimi products. The modified and compounded carbohydrates in surimi have been proved to improve quality of surimi and surimi products more pronouncedly than native carbohydrates. Therefore, this review summarizes the manipulation of carbohydrate by modification and compounding to improve the qualities of surimi and surimi products. Moreover, the prospects for carbohydrate modification and compounding for use in surimi and surimi products are discussed. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Cochlear Nucleus Transcriptome of a Fragile X Mouse Model Reveals Candidate Genes for Hyperacusis
Authors: Sakano Hitomi , Castle Michael S. , Kundu Paromita 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveFragile X Syndrome (FXS) is a hereditary form of autism spectrum disorder. It is caused by a trinucleotide repeat expansion in the Fmr1 gene, leading to a loss of Fragile X Protein (FMRP) expression. The loss of FMRP causes auditory hypersensitivity: FXS patients display hyperacusis and the Fmr1‐ knock‐out (KO) mouse model for FXS exhibits auditory seizures. FMRP is strongly expressed in the cochlear nucleus and other auditory brainstem nuclei. We hypothesize that the Fmr1‐KO mouse has altered gene expression in the cochlear nucleus that may contribute to auditory hypersensitivity.MethodsRNA was isolated from cochlear nuclei of Fmr1‐KO and WT mice. Using next‐generation sequencing (RNA‐seq), the transcriptomes of Fmr1‐KO mice and WT mice (n = 3 each) were compared and analyzed using gene ontology programs.ResultsWe identified 270 unique, differentially expressed genes between Fmr1‐KO and WT cochlear nuclei. Upregulated genes (67%) are enriched in those encoding secreted molecules. Downregulated genes (33%) are enriched in neuronal function, including synaptic pathways, some of which are ideal candidate genes that may contribute to hyperacusis.ConclusionThe loss of FMRP can affect the expression of genes in the cochlear nucleus that are important for neuronal signaling. One of these, Kcnab2, which encodes a subunit of the Shaker voltage‐gated potassium channel, is expressed at an abnormally low level in the Fmr1‐KO cochlear nucleus. Kcnab2 and other differentially expressed genes may represent pathways for the development of hyperacusis. Future studies will be aimed at investigating the effects of these altered genes on hyperacusis.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 134:1363–1371, 2024
Subtotal Submucosal Arytenoidectomy with Lateralization Sutures (SMALS) Covered by a Mucosal Flap
Authors: Shoffel‐Havakuk Hagit , Lahav Yonatan , Reuven Yonatan , Shopen Yoni , Shapira‐Galitz Yeal , Hamzany Yaniv 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveGlottic airway stenosis (GAWS) may result from bilateral paralysis (BVFP) or posterior glottic stenosis (PGS). Since the glottis is the principal airway sphincter, surgeons shift on the balance between airway, aspirations, and voice. We aim to describe our surgical technique and outcome of the SMALS procedure for GAWS correction.MethodsA retrospective cohort of patients who underwent SMALS for PGS between 2018 and 2021. SMALS involves: endoscopic submucosal subtotal arytenoidectmy (preserving medial mucosal flap) and lateralization sutures. The sutures lateralize the mucosal flap to cover the arytenoidectomy bed without lateralization of the membranous vocal fold; expanding the posterior glottis, while preserving a relatively good voice. Covering the arytenoidectomy bed enhances healing. Medical and surgical data, airway, voice, and swallowing symptoms were collected. Relative glottic opening area (RGOA) and relative glottic insufficiency area (RGIA) were calculated.ResultsEleven PGS patients who underwent 15 SMALS were included (4 bilateral), all patients had post‐intubation PGS, 1 patient also had prior radiation to the larynx. All patients were tracheostomy‐dependent. There were no major complications. No granulation or retracting scar was observed at follow‐up. None had a persistent voice or swallowing disability. Successful outcome (decannulation) was achieved in 8 (73%); RGOA increased in all (Δ = 0.37; p = 0.003), while RGIA remained relatively stable (Δ = 0.02; p = 0.055).ConclusionsSMALS is a safe and effective, novel modification of the classic arytenoidectomy, for GAWS correction that can be easily applied and may expand the airway without significant glottic insufficiency symptoms.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 134:353–360, 2024
Ammoniated straw incorporation coupled with N management synergistically enhanced soil structure and crop productivity in a desert oasis farmland
Authors: Zhou Lifeng , Chang Wenlong , Yang Rong , Feng Hao , Yang Qiliang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractStraw return is the simplest and the most economic method to improve soil structure. Slow decomposition rate limits straw return in sandy fields, which has becoming one of the obstacles in sandy land reclamation. Ammonification of straw before return accelerates straw decomposition, but it requires the use of extra N fertilizer, however, little is known about N fertilizer management in fields with ammoniated straw incorporation. So, a 3‐year field experiment was conducted with different proportions of N fertilizer aimed to maize straw ammonification and field broadcasting, and evaluated straw decomposition proportion, straw N release, soil organic carbon content, soil aggregates, soil water and N availability, and grain yield. Total N application rate was 300 kg per hectare, with five N input amounts for straw per hectare ammonification: 0 (SN0), 40 (SN40), 80 (SN80), 120 (SN120), and 160 (SN160) kg, and the rest of N broadcasted in soil during maize growing season. Ammonification accelerated straw decomposition and N release, and these effects showed no significant difference between SN80, SN120, and SN160. After straw decomposition for 150 days, the decomposition proportion was 62.1%, 53.0%, and 39.2% in SN80, SN40, and SN0, respectively. After 3 years of straw return, SN80 exhibited a significantly higher mean weight diameter of soil aggregates (35.6% higher), organic carbon content (18.4% higher), water‐holding capacity (17.4% higher), and soil water storage (17.2% higher) than SN0. Additionally, SN80 and SN120 showed the most significant effect on “N slow‐release” in soil. The above effects resulted with more available soil water and N used for crop growth, and increased grain yields (18.1% higher) and water use efficiency (18.6% higher) in SN80, compared with SN0. Hence, we conclude that a proper N allocation between straw and soil can synergistically enhance soil structure and crop productivity in sandy farmlands. This founding would provide scientific and technological support for straw return in sandy fields and is beneficial to sustainable development of oasis.
Multimaterial Additively Manufactured Transmissive Spin‐Decoupled Polarization‐Maintaining Metasurfaces
Authors: Zhu Jianfeng , Li Mengze , Lai Jiexin , Yang Yang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTaking advantage of multimaterial additive manufacturing, this work demonstrates a kind of polarization‐maintaining metasurface (MS) for spin‐decoupled beam shaping. The wavefronts of the two spin states, i.e., the left‐hand circular polarization (LHCP) and the right‐hand circular polarization (RHCP), can be independently manipulated while the output spin state remains the same as the input. The meta‐atom is implemented with dual‐polarized antennas at the top and the bottom with phase delay lines connecting them. The dual‐polarized antenna on the receiving side is fixed to receive the LHCP/RHCP incident waves, while the dual‐polarized transmitting antenna is rotated, providing the opposite phase shifts for the LHCP and RHCP. The absolute value of the phase shift is the same as the transmitting antenna's rotation angle. Meanwhile, varying the length of phase delay lines introduces 2π phase shifts for both LHCP and RHCP inputs. Thus, combining the two phase‐shifting degrees of freedom, the LHCP and RHCP wavefronts can be independently controlled while the polarization is not flipped after transmitting through the MS. One MS produces vortex beams with different topological charges for LHCP and RHCP. The other achieves spin‐decoupled focusing. The multilayered MSs are conveniently printed using multimaterial additive manufacturing without postprocessing.
Efficient One‐Step Passivation of Polyurethane Using Transurethanization
Authors: Rhoné Benoît , Galtayries Anouk , Semetey Vincent 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe uncontrolled accumulation of biological materials on the surface of medical devices through protein adsorption or cell adhesion causes adverse biological reactions in the living host system, leading to complications. In this study, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is successfully grafted onto polyurethane (PU) surfaces by using a new strategy through a simple and efficient transurethanization reaction. The PEG hydroxyl group is deprotonated and then reacted with the PU surface to provide antiadhesive hydrophilic surfaces in a single step. Surface analysis techniques proved the grafting to be efficient and the formation of a hydrophilic polymeric layer at the surface of PU. Biological assays showed that the surface modification induced lower protein adsorption, cell, platelet, and bacterial adhesion than untreated surfaces, showing a potential for biomedical applications.
Pricing decision making and coordination of a dual‐channel supply chain considering online reviews and channel preferences
Authors: Xu Xiao‐Jie , Liu Yong , Ren Wen‐Wen , Forrest Jeffrey Yi‐Lin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMany problems regarding channel conflicts exist in the pricing process of a manufacturer‐led dual‐channel supply chain. By considering the fact that online reviews and channel preferences are the important factors that influence consumer purchasing behaviors and the decision‐making of the supply chain, this paper deals with these problems through the development of a model involving online reviews and channel preferences. It then analyzes optimal decisions under either decentralized or centralized decision‐making scenarios. The impact of online review service input and consumer channel preference on optimal supply chain decisions and profits is further analyzed. Finally, based on the developed model, a revenue sharing contract coordination scheme is designed to achieve Pareto improvements in the supply chain. The results show that the degree of consumer preference for online channels affects the best consumer decisions and the overall profit of the supply chain. The impact coefficient of online reviews is positively correlated with the manufacturer's direct selling price, the level of input to online review services, and the profit of the entire supply chain. The provision of online review services can significantly increase channel prices, market sales, and profits compared to channel preferences. The overall profit of the supply chain under centralized decision‐making is significantly greater than that under decentralized decision‐making, and the coordination model can effectively coordinate the supply chain and alleviate conflicts.
Class key feature extraction and fusion for 2D medical image segmentation
Authors: Zhang Dezhi , Fan Xin , Kang Xiaojing , Tian Shengwei , Xiao Guangli , Yu Long , Wu Weidong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe size variation, complex semantic environment and high similarity in medical images often prevent deep learning models from achieving good performance.PurposeTo overcome these problems and improve the model segmentation performance and generalizability.MethodsWe propose the key class feature reconstruction module (KCRM), which ranks channel weights and selects key features (KFs) that contribute more to the segmentation results for each class. Meanwhile, KCRM reconstructs all local features to establish the dependence relationship from local features to KFs. In addition, we propose the spatial gating module (SGM), which employs KFs to generate two spatial maps to suppress irrelevant regions, strengthening the ability to locate semantic objects. Finally, we enable the model to adapt to size variations by diversifying the receptive field.ResultsWe integrate these modules into class key feature extraction and fusion network (CKFFNet) and validate its performance on three public medical datasets: CHAOS, UW‐Madison, and ISIC2017. The experimental results show that our method achieves better segmentation results and generalizability than those of mainstream methods.ConclusionThrough quantitative and qualitative research, the proposed module improves the segmentation results and enhances the model generalizability, making it suitable for application and expansion.