bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuromedin B-Expressing Neurons in the Retrotrapezoid Nucleus Regulate Respiratory Homeostasis and Promote Stable Breathing in Adult Mice
Authors: Souza George M.P.R. , Stornetta Daniel S. , Shi Yingtang , Lim Eunu , Berry Faye E. , Bayliss Douglas A. , Abbott Stephen B.G. 
Published: June 2023

Respiratory chemoreceptor activity encoding arterial Pco2and Po2is a critical determinant of ventilation. Currently, the relative importance of several putative chemoreceptor mechanisms for maintaining eupneic breathing and respiratory homeostasis is debated. Transcriptomic and anatomic evidence suggests that bombesin-related peptide Neuromedin-B (Nmb) expression identifies chemoreceptor neurons in the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) that mediate the hypercapnic ventilatory response, but functional support is missing. In this study, we generated a transgenicNmb-Cre mouse and used Cre-dependent cell ablation and optogenetics to test the hypothesis that RTNNmbneurons are necessary for the CO2-dependent drive to breathe in adult male and female mice. Selective ablation of ∼95% of RTNNmbneurons causes compensated respiratory acidosis because of alveolar hypoventilation, as well as profound breathing instability and respiratory-related sleep disruption. Following RTNNmblesion, mice were hypoxemic at rest and were prone to severe apneas during hyperoxia, suggesting that oxygen-sensitive mechanisms, presumably the peripheral chemoreceptors, compensate for the loss of RTNNmbneurons. Interestingly, ventilation following RTNNmb-lesion was unresponsive to hypercapnia, but behavioral responses to CO2(freezing and avoidance) and the hypoxia ventilatory response were preserved. Neuroanatomical mapping shows that RTNNmbneurons are highly collateralized and innervate the respiratory-related centers in the pons and medulla with a strong ipsilateral preference. Together, this evidence suggests that RTNNmbneurons are dedicated to the respiratory effects of arterial Pco2/pH and maintain respiratory homeostasis in intact conditions and suggest that malfunction of these neurons could underlie the etiology of certain forms of sleep-disordered breathing in humans.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTRespiratory chemoreceptors stimulate neural respiratory motor output to regulate arterial Pco2and Po2, thereby maintaining optimal gas exchange. Neurons in the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) that express the bombesin-related peptide Neuromedin-B are proposed to be important in this process, but functional evidence has not been established. Here, we developed a transgenic mouse model and demonstrated that RTN neurons are fundamental for respiratory homeostasis and mediate the stimulatory effects of CO2on breathing. Our functional and anatomic data indicate thatNmb-expressing RTN neurons are an integral component of the neural mechanisms that mediate CO2-dependent drive to breathe and maintain alveolar ventilation. This work highlights the importance of the interdependent and dynamic integration of CO2- and O2-sensing mechanisms in respiratory homeostasis of mammals.
Víctima, Resiliencia y Verdad en el sistema penal, constructo desde la Corte Constitucional colombiana
Authors: Archila Antolínez María Elsa 
Published: June 2023

La Constitución Política de Colombia, lleva implícito el compromiso del Estado social y democrático de derecho, que impone respetar, proteger y garantizar los derechos de las víctimas; prevenir su vulneración; tutelar sus derechos de manera efectiva; garantizar la reparación y la verdad; investigar, juzgar y en su caso sancionar las graves violaciones a los Derechos Humanos. La investigación social documental, de tipo cualitativa; condensa los principales pronunciamientos de la Corte Constitucional, en un contexto de justicia transicional, que reconocen a las víctimas intervenir en el proceso penal; contar con una tutela judicial efectiva; recibir medidas de protección; conocer la verdad; que se haga justicia y la reparación del daño que le permita la resiliencia, en garantía hacia una paz duradera.
Manifestaciones públicas de afecto por parte de personas del mismo sexo, análisis de casos concretos: sentencias de la Corte Constitucional colombiana T-268 de 2000 y T-909 de 2011
Authors: Ramos Pallares Leonardo Camilo 
Published: June 2023

La Constitución Política de Colombia, consagra la dignidad humana, el libre desarrollo de la personalidad, la libertad individual y la igualdad, como derechos fundamentales, permitiendo a todos los colombianos y en especial a las minorías, desarrollarse libremente y materializar su plan de vida. Lo anterior cobra una importancia significativa ya que permite la concreción de planes vitales que difieren de las posturas mayoritarias, garantizando así, restricciones mínimas con un máximo de libertades. Para la elaboración de este escrito y la fundamentación teórica de las expresiones públicas de afectos de personas homosexuales (entendiendo las demostraciones de afecto y cariño como inherentes a la condición humana), se estudió la jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional relacionada con el tema, en especial las sentencias T-268 de 2000 y T-909 de 2011, llegando a concluir, que la homosexualidad y las derivaciones que atienden a esta opción de vida, están protegidas desde la constitución y constituyen una opción legítima dentro del ordenamiento jurídico colombiano en razón a su nexo inescindible con los derechos fundamentales contemplados en la Carta Constitucional que en el comienzo de este acápite se refieren.
¿Estamos manejando correctamente los recursos marinos en Costa Rica?
Authors: Jiménez Ramón Jorge A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The exploitation of coastal-marine resources has occurred in our coasts since about 12 000 years ago. This activity has been intense and careless regarding to the well-being of the resource being exploited. Consequently, many of the resources have collapsed throughout the centuries. Pearls, tortoiseshell, mother-of-pearl, turtles, mangrove-cockle, and many other species have stopped being commercially viable. Presently, fisheries, formerly believed inexhaustible, also show unequivocal signs of overexploitation. Far from improving, our relationship with marine resources has exacerbated. The exploitation increment, combined with contamination and ocean warming, have deteriorated these resources. Essential biomass and population status analyses continue to be neglected, even after the founding of INCOPESCA in 1994. Total ship landings, between 2000-2015 have decreased 45 % impacting particularly the artisanal fleet. The number of fishing vessels have gone from 5 000 in 2010 to less than 2 000 four years later and the number of jobs in the sector has decreased by 50 %. It is urgent to have an institution able to generate information that allow us to determine the level and manner of this exploitation. Such management needs to be independent of economic and political interests and should be coupled with an efficient and effective administration, together with strict control and surveillance of this activity.
Liquid crystals as additives in solid polymer electrolytes for lithium metal batteries
Authors: Álvarez Moisés Isaac , Innocenti Alessandro , Somville Mathilde , Notredame Benoît , Passerini Stefano , Gohy Jean-François 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe forefront of research for new electrolyte materials for tomorrow’s electrochemical energy storage technologies is based on thoroughly designed molecular architectures. Here, liquid crystals (LCs) mixed with poly(ethylene-oxide) (PEO) and lithium salts are proposed as solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) for application in lithium-metal batteries. The PEO matrix comprises the LC, which gives orientational properties, whereas the PEO chains with lithium salts are responsible for the ionic conductivity. N-(4-Methoxybenzylidene)-4-butylaniline (MBBA) is used as proof-of-concept and new LC molecules are developed for further research. Ionic conductivities (7·10–4 S·cm−1 at 40 °C) up to three times higher than the reference without LC are achieved. In addition, the SPEs are characterized electrochemically, thermally and by polarized optical microscope demonstrating the preservation of the liquid crystalline behavior even after mixing with PEO and lithium salts.

Graphical abstract
Contribution of advanced edge detection filters for the structural mapping of the Douala Sedimentary Basin along the Gulf of Guinea
Authors: Gautier Kamto Paul , Oksum Erdinc , Thanh Pham Luan , Kamguia Joseph 
Published: June 2023

The Douala sedimentary basin (DSB) is an area of interest because of its hydrocarbon potential. Geophysical investigations in this basin are necessary to understand its structural features better. In this study, we aimed to highlight the major lineaments of the DSB by interpreting gravity data using advanced edge detection filters based on various combinations of the horizontal and vertical gradients of the field, namely the total horizontal gradient (THG), analytical signal (AS), theta map (TM), gradient amplitude of the vertical derivative (THG_VD), the tilt angle of the total horizontal gradient amplitude (TAHG) and a novel edge detector based on the soft sign function (SF). These filters were first tested on synthetic data of a simple density model to examine their effectiveness. The results show that the edges of the model structures can be visualized with greater accuracy using the TAHG and SF filters compared to the results from the others.
Further, although the TAHG and SF filters produced good results in identifying shallow and deep structures, solutions from SF proved to be better at delineating edges. Next, we applied these edge detection filters to the residual gravity anomaly of the study area obtained after a filtering process on the complete Bouguer anomaly. The SF filter clearly and accurately identifies the major structural features. The existence and location of previously unidentified lineaments have been shown. Most of the lineaments of the DSB extracted by this study provide geometric information on the lateral distribution of depositional successions filling the basin. The structural features are mainly concentrically from the volcanic center of Mount Cameroon and show that the DSB has probably been affected by earthquakes from the permanent activities of the Cameroon volcanic line since the Cretaceous. The highlighted lineaments of the DSB obtained from this study may shed light on future studies to improve mineral/hydrocarbon exploitation and update the area's geological/tectonic information.
SYSTEM OF AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF THE BRAKING FORCE WHEN THE REGENERATIVE ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES OF A DIRECT CURRENT EXECUTED ON MODERN ELEMENT BASE
Authors: Ustymenko D. V. 
Published: June 2023

The authors suggest a system of automatic control of braking force at recuperation ofd.c.electric locomotives, in which the necessary braking effort is generated by the decisive unit, constructed on the basis of a microcontroller, according to the pre-set law, which provides an increase of the volume of recuperative energy in comparison with existing variants. The calculation of transitional processes for the most typical cases of system operation has been provided.
Prognostic factors for regorafenib treatment in patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer: A real-life retrospective multi-center study
Authors: Goktas Aydin Sabin , Kavak Engin Eren , Topcu Atakan , Bayramgil Ayberk , Akgul Fahri , Kahraman Seda , Aykan Musa Baris , Altıntas Yunus Emre , Helvaci Kaan , Urun Yuksel , Bilici Ahmet , Seker Mesut , Sendur Mehmet Ali Nahit , Olmez Omer Fatih , Acikgoz Ozgur , Cicin Irfan 
Published: June 2023

Regorafenib, an oral multikinase inhibitor, has improved survival in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients who have progressed on standard therapies. Our study aimed to evaluate prognostic factors influencing regorafenib treatment and assess the optimal dosing regimen in a real-life setting. We retrospectively analysed 263 patients with mCRC from multiple medical oncology clinics in Turkey. Treatment responses and prognostic factors for survival were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analysis. Of the patients, 120 were male, and 143 were female; 28.9% of tumors were located in the rectum. RAS mutations were present in 3.0% of tumors, while BRAF, K-RAS, and N-RAS mutations were found in 3.0%, 29.7%, and 25.9% of tumor tissues, respectively. Dose escalation was preferred in 105 (39.9%) patients. The median treatment duration was 3.0 months, with an objective response rate (ORR) of 4.9%. Grade ≥ 3 treatment-related toxicity occurred in 133 patients, leading to discontinuation, interruption, and modification rates of 50.6%, 43.7%, and 79.0%, respectively. Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 3.0 and 8.1 months, respectively. RAS/RAF mutation (hazard ratio [HR] 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-2.3; P = 0.01), pretreatment carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels (HR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.3; P = 0.008), and toxicity-related treatment interruption or dose adjustment (HR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.4; P = 0.01) were identified as independent prognostic factors for PFS. Dose escalation had no significant effect on PFS but was associated with improved OS (P < 0.001). Independent prognostic factors for OS were the initial TNM stage (HR 1.3, 95% CI 1.0-1.9; P = 0.04) and dose interruption/adjustment (HR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.9; P = 0.03). Our findings demonstrate the efficacy and safety of regorafenib. Treatment line influences the response, with dose escalation being more favorable than adjustment or interruption, thus impacting survival.
СВІТОВИЙ ДОСВІД ЦІНОУТВОРЕННЯ НА ПОСЛУГУ З ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ЗАЛІЗНИЧНИХ ВАНТАЖНИХ ВАГОНІВ — ПОЧАТОК РОЗРОБКИ НОВІТНЬОЇ МОДЕЛІ ДЛЯ АТ «УКРЗАЛІЗНИЦЯ»
Authors: Бакалінський О. В. , Маліцький В. В. 
Published: June 2023

Сьогодні акціонерне товариство «Українська залізниця» при наданнівантажних вагонів у користування працює в умовах конкуренції. Ціна на таку послугу є вагомим засобом боротьби з конкурентами. Проте підхід до ціноутворення, який нині використовується товариством, залишається неринковим. Це призвело до падіння попиту на вагони товариства впродовж 2019-2020 рр. більш ніж удвічі. Тож його зміна та ревізія відповідних управлінських процедур є нагальною потребою. Автори формулюють шість принципів ціноутворення в сучасних умовах. Однак залишалось незрозумілим, як саме АТ «Укрзалізниця» може перейти до їх практичної реалізації. Тому метою даного дослідження є впорядкування напрацювань вітчизняних фахівців з ціноутворення у вантажних залізничних перевезеннях та висновків з історії і світового досвіду в цій царині. Таке вивчення покликано створити платформу знань, яка стане запобіжником від помилкових рішень менеджменту АТ «Укрзалізниця», а також буде слугувати початком розробки новітньої моделі ціноутворення. При розв’язанні дослідницьких завдань було використано критичний аналіз праць українських фахівців, результати якого стали початковою точкою проведення аналізу. Зі 143 країн, в яких існує залізничний транспорт, було відібрано 15 держав з найбільшою протяжністю залізничних колій. Відбір 19 текстів до розгляду було проведено за словами-запитами «ціноутворення» та «залізничні вантажні перевезення», в тексті мали бути відомості щодо стану конкуренції. Зроблено висновки, що інституційне становище залізничного транспорту на ринку вантажних перевезень не впливає однаковим чином на зміст набору основних чинників ціноутворення. Принципово відмінні підходи до ціноутворення можуть враховувати однакові ключові фактори впливу на ціну. Загальних пояснень причин, чому саме залізничний транспорт країни має певний підхід до ціноутворення, також немає. Однак аналіз історії розвитку ціноутворення на вантажні перевезення залізницями країн світу підтверджує, що найдосконалішого рівня воно досягає при піклуванні з боку держави. Реалізація визначених авторами принципів ціноутворення в АТ «Укрзалізниця» має спиратись на запровадження нових та оновлення існуючих управлінських процедур, опис яких приведено.
The Use of Lawn Grasses for Purification of Soil From Toxic Cr(VI)
Authors: Matvieieva Nadiia , Motronenko Valentyna 
Published: June 2023

Background. Environmental pollution with toxic compounds poses a danger to nature and humans. Various technologies for soil purification from toxic metals are being developed.
Objective. The work was aimed to study the possibility of lawn grass using for soil purification from Cr(VI).
Methods. Plant seeds (Festuca rubra L. 45%, Festuca arundinacea Schreb. 25%, Lolium perenne L. 20%, Poa pratensis L. 10%) were sown in a container at 24 °C and grown for two months to obtain a lawn. K2CrO4 was added to the soil (400 g) (variants: 1.0 g, No. 1 and 2.5 g, No. 2) The following parameters were determined in two, five and ten days after Cr(VI) addition to the soil: the content of Cr(VI) in the roots, aerial part, and the soil; the coefficient of Cr(VI) content reduction; total content of aerobic heterotrophic microorganisms (CFU/g).
Results. In 2 days after Cr(VI) adding the roots accumulated Cr(VI) in more significant amounts than the leaves (16.6 and 15 times in No. 1 and No. 2). In 5 days, an increase in Cr(VI) concentration in the plants was detected. Cr(VI) concentration in the soil decreased in 5 days by 45.8 and 13.57 times in variants No. 1 and No. 2, respectively. Inhibition of soil microorganisms growth was detected. CFU number in the control sample was 7.2×108, and in experimental variants No. 1 and No. 2 – 5×106 and 1×106, respectively.
Conclusions. The addition of K2CrO4 inhibited the growth of soil microorganisms. Lawn grasses composition was successfully used for Cr(VI) extraction from the soil. A notable (13.8 and 9.3 times) reduction in Cr(VI) content in the soil was observed in two days. This reduction progressed greatly in five days as well (91.8 and 85.0 times). Cr(VI) was accumulated in the root system and the leaves of the plants. Thus, the selected grasses can be used in bioremediation technologies to purify contaminated soil.
The Characteristic of the Gastric Secretion After Gastric Cryodenervation and Cryopreserved Placenta Extract Administration
Authors: Koshurba Illia , Hladkykh Fedir , Chyzh Mykola , Marchenko Mykhailo , Belochkina Iryna 
Published: June 2023

Background. Peptic ulcer is a prevalent gastrointestinal tract disease worldwide. One of the treatment methods for the indicated pathology is trunk gastric cryodenervation (TGC), the feature of which is the preservation of the regenerative potential of n. vagus. Cryopreserved placenta extract (CPE) caught our attention among modern means capable of stimulating regeneration processes.
Objective. We are aimed to characterize the state of gastric secretion after TGC and the application of СPE.
Methods. TGC was performed by cryoinfusion on the front and back trunks of the abdominal part of n. vagus. Gastric secretion was studied using the H.A. Shay method.
Results. On the 30th day after TGC, a statistically significant (p < 0.001) decrease in the total acidity of gastric juice by 33.7% and a decrease (p < 0.01) in the level of free acidity were observed compared to intact animals. Administration of СPE after TGC resulted in a statistically significant (p < 0.001) decrease in total acidity by 24.2 % and a statistically significant (p < 0.001) decrease in free acidity by 48.7% compared to the parameters of intact rats. This led to a statistically significant (p < 0.001) decrease in the "free/bound acidity" ratio compared to the indicator of intact animals (1.4 ± 0.03 RU) which was higher than the similar ratio observed after esomeprazole usage or TGC.
Conclusions. Administration of СPE contributed to the partial regeneration of n. vagus, as indicated by an increase in the level of total acidity to 104.1 ± 4.7 RU and a statistically significant (p < 0.001) decrease in the "free/bound acidity" ratio compared to the indicator of intact animals.
Register Mobile Ads on Olx Online Sale and Purchase Sites: Sociolinguistic Studies
Authors: Rizqi Hidayatulloh  , Tri Pujiati  
Published: June 2023

Advertisements in online trading sites OLX is a communication process that certainly varies in shape. This study aims to (1) describe the form of registers, (3) describe the meaning of registers, and (3) describe the language functions in the registers contained in advertisements of mobile phone in online trading sites OLX. This study uses descriptive qualitative method with Sociolinguistics perspective. Data are taken from OLX advertisement by using sampling method which then captured the screen data for further categorization and analysis. The results of the study are that (1) the form of registers contained in advertisements of mobile phone on the OLX online trading site contains a single form and complex form of affixation, abreviation and repetition; (2) the meaning of register on mobile phone at OLX online trading site is in the form of lexical, grammatical meaning, and contextual meaning; and (3) language functions in OLX online buying and selling of mobile phone registers are instrumental functions, regulatory functions, representation functions, interactional functions, and personal functions.

Abstrak

Iklan dalam situs jual beli online OLX merupakan sebuah proses komunikasi yang tentu bervariasi bentuknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mendeskripsikan bentuk register, (2) mendeskripsikan makna register, dan (3) mendeskripsikan fungsi bahasa pada register yang terdapat pada iklan ponsel dalam situs jual beli online OLX. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan sosiolinguistik. Data diambil dari iklan OLX yang dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan metode sampling yang kemudian data di tangkap layar untuk selanjutnya di kategorikan dan di analisis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) bentuk register yang terdapat dalam iklan ponsel pada situs jual beli onlie OLX yaitu bentuk tunggal dan bentuk kompleks berupa afiksasi, abreviasi dan pengulangan; (2) makna register iklan ponsel pada situs jual beli online OLX berupa makna leksikal, gramatikal, dan makna konteekstual; dan fungsi bahasa pada register jual beli online OLX berupa fungsi instrumental, fungsi regulasi, fungsi representasi, fungsi interaksional, dan fungsi personal.

Kata kunci : sosiolinguistik, ragam bahasa dan register