bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The community of soil fungi associated with the western red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don, 1824)
Authors: Baranowska Marlena , Kartawik Natalia , Panka Stefan , Behnke-Borowczyk Jolanta , Grześkowiak Przemysław 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
The western red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don), an important forest-forming species in the Western part of the North American continent, is an alien species naturalised in Europe. It is popular and highly valued in horticulture. While considering the progressing climate change, it may also be a potential alternative to native species in European forests. The community of soil fungi associated with the western red cedar in forested areas of Europe has not been fully determined. Thus, this study is aimed to identify the community of soil fungi associated with the western red cedar. The experimental plots are located in the Kościan Forest District (51°98’87″ N; 16°23’54″ E). All soil samples were taken from the topsoil layer at a depth of 25 cm with a trowel, three from the centre of natural regeneration (1G, 2G, 5G) and three from the centre stand under the canopy of old-growth western red cedar (3G, 4G, 6G). Fungi were identified directly from the soil based on the ITS1 rDNA region. The derived product was sequenced using Illumina’s sequencing by synthesis (SBS) technology. Sequences were referred to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database applying the BLAST algorithm. The fungal counts were defined based on the number of operational taxonomic units (OTU) in the sample. The OTU number was 835 206, with fungal isolates accounting for 683 095 (81.79%). A total of 8 591 taxa belonging to the Kingdom Fungi were identified. The species with the greatest shares in the community included Mortierella spp. (10.5%), Russula spp. (5.6%), Hydnum spp. (3.44%), Solicoccozyma spp. (3.1%) and Penicillium spp. (2.2%). Results showed that saprotrophs and mycorrhizal fungi predominated in the community. The dominance of ectomycorrhizal fungi over arbuscular ones, quite impressive natural regeneration was shown in T. plicata stands in Kościan. Subsequent research should take into account tree stands in Poland in which natural regeneration does not occur or occurs sporadically.
Evaluation of forest ecosystems’ anthropogenic transformation by indicators of xylomycocomplex
Authors: Lavrov Vitaliy , Blinkova Olena , Grabovska Tetiana , Polishchuk Zoriana 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
The aim of our work was to establish the dependence of species composition, features of ecosystem distribution in the space and wood-destroying activity of xylotrophs on the functional type of forest, and the cause and degree of its violation. Changes in species composition, spatial distribution and wood-destroying activity of xylotrophic fungi, and disruption of “woody plant xylomycobiont”, “substrate category – xylomycobiont,” were revealed. Changes in xylotrophic diversity in stands were evaluated by diversity indices. Forest and taxonomic characteristics of stands, the reasons and the degree of degradation of forest ecosystems were taken into account. The ability of 37 species of xylotrophs to be indicators of deciduous and coniferous forests in green areas of cities due to recreation, construction and quarrying of granite has been substantiated. The principles of application of the mycoindicators system for improvement, a technique of estimation of character and degree of forest ecosystem anthropogenic transformation, are defined.
What have we learnt from the stand level estimates on stem bark browsing by large wild herbivores?
Authors: Konôpka Bohdan , Šebeň Vladimír , Pajtík Jozef 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Damage on forests by large wild herbivores, especially by red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) has been increasing in Central Europe including Slovakia. Therefore, we attempted to estimate the forage potential, i.e. potentially available bark for consumption by large wild herbivores and actually consumed bark of common rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.) and goat willow (Salix caprea L.). For these purposes, we measured basic tree characteristics and dimensions (length and width) of wounds due to bark browsing at 15 plots located in a young mixed forest stand (Javorníky Mts; Slovakia). Browsing was recorded separately for four stem sections: 0–50, 51–100, 101–150, and 151–200 cm measured from the ground level. Three stem bark browsing metrics were implemented: browsed bark area (cm2), browsed bark mass (g) and portion of browsed bark mass to total stem bark mass representing potential forage for game expressed in percent. We proved that while common rowan and goat willow were browsed in a great extent, nearly no damage occurred on stems of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.). Our estimates showed that the total forage potential of stem bark at common rowan and goat willow was about 13.4 kg per 100 m2 of a forest stand. We learnt from our estimates for instance that the total available stem bark at 100 m2 of our young mixed forest might suffice (if theoretically entire potential was exploited) for red deer, fallow deer (Dama dama L.) and mouflon (Ovis aries musimon L.) for one, two and nearly four weeks, respectively. At the same, that during four years, large wild herbivores browsed nearly 2.6 kg of bark per 100 m2 area, i.e. about 1/5 of the available potential on rowans and willows. It seems like common rowan and goat willow might generate important resources of forage for large wild herbivores and would be treated as a part of biological protection of target tree species against bark browsing.
Distribution networks performance improvement by sectorisation and operating pressures reduction – case study: babadag town
Authors: JERCAN Alexandru , DINEŢ Eduard 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The cumulated effects of climate changes and accelerated urban development, amplified by insufficient funding and/or capacity to implement proactive methods and strategies for monitoring and optimization of water supply systems negatively impact the operation and overall efficiency of these systems, generating considerable problems regarding public comfort and safety and also service costs. Out of all problems, the most tangible issues for the final user are the ones related to the distribution network – the closest system component. In order to address these problems, an integrated analysis of the conditions of each urban area is required, accounting for actual water demand, pressure requirements, network configuration, power consumption and development forecasts. This article presents the set of measures proposed for optimisation of the distribution network of Babadag Town from Romania, consisting of changes intended to improve the hydraulic capacity of the network and also on reducing the water loss based on water balance evaluation and hydraulic modelling of existing and proposed network configurations.
3D numerical simulation of seismic failure of concrete gravity dams considering base sliding
Authors: DJAMEL Ouzandja , MOKHTAR Messaad 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The sliding of dam base along dam-foundation rock interface during earthquake excitation can decrease the earthquake response of the dam. The present study reveals a numerical simulation of the seismic failure response for Oued Fodda concrete gravity dam, located in northwest of Algeria, considering base sliding. Nonlinear finite element analyses are performed for Oued Fodda damfoundation rock system. The Smeared crack approach is used to present cracking of dam concrete under the 1980 El Asnam earthquake (M7) using Willam and Warnke failure criterion. The hydrodynamic pressure of the reservoir water is modeled as added mass using the Westergaard approach. The sliding behavior of contractions joints is modeled by surface-surface contact elements that provide the friction contact at dam-foundation interface. Drucker-Prager model is considered for dam concrete in nonlinear analysis. According to numerical analyses, several cracks may appear due to tension particularly at middle upper parts located along the symmetry central axis of the dam in both upstream and downstream faces. Although the dam sliding on its foundation reduces the magnitude of principal tensile stresses in dam body; however, the reduction magnitude is generally not large enough to preclude the cracks propagation in dam body.
Power and powerlessness of the civil society in Hungarian illiberal democracy between 2010–2022
Authors: Havasi Virág 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In the study we examine the pulling, pushing and pulling back factors and events that influenced civil activism in Hungary between 2010–2022, which was the period of the birth of illiberal democracy in the country. We describe – relying on newspaper reports – the most important events and campaigns in the given period and their effectiveness. In Hungary citizenship activity is at a low level, even within Central-Europe. The viability of civil society is decreasing, especially in terms of financing opportunities, legal environment, image of civil sphere and ability to interest representation. We found that between 2010–2022 the presence of grievances as triggers was constant in the country, while the opportunity structures for action narrowed somewhat, but the illiberal Hungarian system is restrictive and not oppressive. There is a way to protest, to act in a different way, and actions do take place, but it is rarely possible to influence decision-makers - mostly in simple matters that affect everyone. However, social movements do not only fight for instrumental goals, but they also mobilise people, build organisations, contribute to self-development, form collective identity and (re)socialise the participants. These are important consequences even if the instrumental goals are not achieved.
A correlation of the measurement techniques and their outputs in the study of the subnational level of politics
Authors: Hnatiuk Volodymyr , Bula Svitlana 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
At the beginning of the third decade of the 21st century, the role and value of subnational research in comparative political science are further strengthened, given that the political life of society is moving in two interdependent directions: localisation and internationalisation. Instead, the specifics of the subnational topic contribute to changes and innovations in the implementation of various methodological techniques in the study of subnational units and their structural elements. However, the question of correlating outputs of techniques – objective and subjective – still remains unresolved, and therefore actualises the following formulation: how they appear equivalent in the practical plane, as their theoretical context is illustrated balanced within equivalence in spatial research politics on a subnational scale. In other words, whether the results of each technique are approximate or distinctive from each other from the point of view of the final situation. In the article, a variable degree of correlation has been demonstrated between both techniques and also a hypothesis has been presented about the nature and type of such interactions on the example of three cases (Transcarpathian, Lviv and Chernivtsi regions) in Ukraine in the period 2010–2015.
The nature of the Education Cleavage in four Eroding Democracies1
Authors: Moreschi Nevio 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In recent years, weaker and consolidated democracies alike were in many instances caught by a wave of autocratisation. However, given the protractedness in the time of the phenomenon of democratic erosion, it is not unlikely that the process overlaps with multiple electoral cycles. This gives to those parties committed to liberal democracy a window to organise themselves and challenge the incumbent at the ballots. The present study investigates whether the political division between incumbent parties and organised pro-democratic opposition in Poland, Hungary, Bolivia and Turkey coincides with a political cleavage that fits Baiern and Maier’s three-dimensional conceptualisation of the term. Through a quantitative approach, it emerges that indeed authoritarian and liberal values (Normative dimension) substantially account for the divergence in political support (Organisational dimension) by the different educated groups (Social dimension) in all the countries under observation. These findings not only support the existence of an educational cleavage outside of Western and Northern Europe, but also highlights its centrality in the ongoing fight for democracy. Furthermore, Hungary appears as a peculiar case, since democratic commitment accounts more than the authoritarian-liberal scale in explaining the support (or lack of it) for the incumbent party by the Hungarian educational groups.
Middle-Aged Women’s Perceptions and Experiences of Physical Activity: A Grounded Theory Approach
Authors: Khosromanesh Rahim , Dzioban Katarzyna , Turkmani Ehsan Mohamadi , Asadolai Ameneh 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Effective public health interventions require an understanding of why people engage in or abstain from physical activity. This study aimed to design a model of physical activity for middle-aged Iranian women. The research was conducted using the systematic approach of grounded theory. Data analysis was performed through continuous „questioning” and „comparison.” Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 35 middle-aged women (aged 40 to 65) who regularly engaged in physical activity to achieve theoretical saturation. The coding process identified 128 final codes, 30 sub-themes, and nine main themes. After the open, axial, and selective-coding stages, a conceptual model was designed. In our model: „Advice and Encouragement,” „Knowledge and Awareness,” „Fear and Prevention,” and „Exercise Therapy” are the primary drivers that affect the motivation of middle-aged Iranian women to engage in physical activity. Motivated middle-aged Iranian women by comparison of perceived barriers, facilities, and benefits to engage in physical activity. Experiencing benefits leads to internalizing motivation and can lead to exercise addiction. The developed model suggests that the key measures for motivating middle-aged women to engage in regular physical activity are increasing primary drivers, lowering obstacles, and expanding facilities. Middle-aged women’s physical activity can be understood by employing the created model.
Green method of conversion of geraniol to value-added products in the presence of selected minerals
Authors: Fajdek-Bieda Anna , Wróblewska Agnieszka , Perec Andrzej , Miądlicki Piotr 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The study presents the results of research on the process of geraniol (GA) transformation in the presence of natural minerals: montmorillonite, mironekuton, halloysite and also in the presence of halloysite modified with 0.1 M water solution of H2SO4. To obtain information on the structure of the used catalysts, instrumental studies were performed (SEM, XRD, FT-IR, XRF, BET). The second part of the research consisted in examining the influence of individual parameters (temperature, catalyst content, and reaction time) on the course of GA transformation process. The syntheses were carried out without the application of solvent and under atmospheric pressure. To determine the most beneficial process conditions, two functions were selected: GA conversion and selectivity of GA. The proposed method of GA transformation on such minerals: montmorillonite, mironekuton, halloysite, has not been described in the literature so far.
Carotid Sinus Syndrome - Case Report
Authors: Vuckovic-Filipovic Jelena , Dragasevic Nevena , Djokic Bojan , Ratinac Milos 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Syncope caused by carotid sinus syndrome due to malignancy of the head and neck is rare. The aim of this paper is an inspection into current knowledge of this syndrome, its clinical characteristics, differential diagnosis and current treatment modalities. We present a case of recurrent syncope resulting from extreme bradycardia based on a malignant process in the neck area that compresses the carotid sinus. To discover the cause of syncope, an extensive diagnosis was made including electrocardiography, 24h holter electrocardiography, computed tomography of the neck, biopsy of the lump on the right side of the neck. In order to perform the biopsy, the patient was implanted with a temporary pacemaker. Pathohistological processing of biopsy showed the existence of squamous cell carcinoma of the neck region. Due to localization of the malignant change, surgical resection was contraindicated, so the patient was treated with radiotherapy. Syncope based on carotid sinus hypersensitivity caused by a malignant process of the neck region is a significant diagnostic challenge for any clinician. Neck tumor is rarely thought of, since its frequency is rare in the general population. The disease is mostly recognized in the advanced stages when episodes of syncope are more frequent.
How Effective are Monetary Policy Tools in Controlling Inflation in Nigeria? An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Ibrahim Ashiru , David Joseph 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In applying the monetary policy in controlling inflation, the monetary authorities employ a mix of tools, which when varied, transfer their effects to the target outcome of inflation control. Despite monetary authorities having employed series of strategies including recently, inflation targeting, the Nigerian inflation rates have remained uncontrollable, thereby, suggesting that the question could, however, be of the effectiveness of tools being employed. This study thus, examines the effectiveness of monetary policy rates, treasury bills rates and liquidity ratio in controlling inflation in Nigeria using annual data covering the period between 1981 and 2019. Unlike most existing studies that employed a combination of policy tools and intermediate outcomes, this study employed only monetary policy tools in its analysis. Results obtained from the estimated ARDL (2, 2, 1, 2) model suggest that both in the long-run and short-run, monetary policy rates have insignificant impact on inflation rates, thus, implying that they have been ineffective in inflation control. More so, treasury bills rates were found to be effective only in the short-run as lagged treasury bills rates showed a significant negative impact on inflation in the short-run while liquidity ratio proved effective only in the long-run with an unfavourable effect on inflation control in the short-run. It is recommended, therefore, that the monetary authorities reduce the size of the informal financial system by strengthening the official financial system in a bid to make the monetary tools of choice more effective for inflation control.
Income Shock and Coping Strategies of Government Workers in Southwest Nigeria: Evidence from the Survey Data
Authors: Kudaisi Bosede Victoria 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Consumers’ response to income shock have been a source of concern over the years. Unexpected negative income shock, such as nonpayment of salaries, or salary reduction may cause an individual to react differently. Coping may be easy if an individual is well-prepared and has fully insured coping strategies prior to the income shock, hence, a negative income loss would have less impact. Otherwise, an income shock could be deleterious and leave an individual vulnerable. Therefore, ability to cope during negative income shock is determined by consumers’ preparedness as well as the effectiveness and appropriateness of available coping strategies. This study, therefore, examines the coping mechanisms of government employees in southwest Nigeria during the unexpected nonpayment of salary between 2015 and 2018. Both quantitative and qualitative methods using a structured questionnaire and FDGs are employed. The data is analyzed using descriptive statistics and OLS methods. The findings suggest that durable and service goods are substituted for food consumption, while the impact of coping strategies varies across the states. Empirical results from the OLS show that workers use personal savings and credit-purchases to smooth-out consumption, borrow and reallocate resources from durables and service for food consumption. Education, spouse occupation and age also have a positive impact on consumption. Evaluation of the coping strategies indicates that they are insufficient to satisfy the needs of the workers during the shock. The study, therefore, recommends that governments should provide a flexible working environment, formulate a policy that will allow workers to diversify into businesses, provide business loans and encourage mandatory saving for uncertainty.
Artificial intelligence algorithms applied in business and accounting
Authors: Török Réka Melinda 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The paper provides an explanation of some terms used in the field of business and accounting when it comes to the implementation of artificial intelligence in these areas. The development of artificial intelligence began in the 1950s, of course at first with small steps, but in the last two years it is developing at the speed of light. In order to understand the algorithms with which artificial intelligence works, I chose to outline the work machine learning, big data, neural networks. The benefits of business and accounting can be observed in easing and reducing the time in data processing. From the applications used in accounting we chose the presentation of AlphaSense, TensorFlow, Kensho, Clarifai. If we think about accounting, that until now it involved archiving on paper, blockchain and cloud accounting intervene towards our help which, thanks to distributed accounting technology, eliminate the need to enter accounting information in several databases.
IMPLEMENTASI DAN PERMASALAHAN MENGENAI PERJANJIAN KERJA WAKTU TERTENTU (PKWT) PASCA BERLAKUNYA UNDANG-UNDANG CIPTAKERJA
Authors: Effendy Muhammad Amin , Budiaman Hendi , Perdana Meisha Poetri , Prasetiya Wildan Sany 
Published: March 2023

Dalam pembuatan Undang-Undang (UU) haruslah melibatkan semua stakeholder yang terkait dalam perumusannya, karena UU merupakan bentuk arah Negara akan berkembang atau sebaliknya. Kehadiran Negara dalam setiap persoalan bangsa cukup efektif ketika sebuah peraturan dibuat dapat mengatasi setiap permasalahan yang terjadi di masyarakat. Hal tersebut berlaku juga dalam peraturan perundang-undangan di bidang ketenagakerjaan. Pembatasan masalah pada makalah ini akan membatasi sebuah penelitian dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, sehingga dalam pelaksanannya hanya memaparkan UU Cipta Kerja dengan UU Ketenagakerjaan, penulis memulai penelitian dari persoalan yang melatarbelakangi UU tersebut dibentuk dan menjadi produk hukum Negara. Temuan/hasil dari pembahasan ini adalah klaster ketenagakerjaan UU Cipta Kerja (omnibuslaw) merupakan sebuah produk hukum yang lebih meringankan para pengusaha dan mengikat pada pekerja. Bahwa UU Cipta kerja merupakan sebuah produk hukum yang dijadikan dalam satu isu besar ekonomi dan investasi, dalam hal ini kluster ketenagakerjaan UU Cipta Kerja justru abai terhadap filosofi dari UU Ketenagakerjaan yang digantikannya.