bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Putative roles for homeostatic plasticity in epileptogenesis
Authors: Issa Naoum P. , Nunn Katherine C. , Wu Shasha , Haider Hiba A. , Tao James X. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHomeostatic plasticity allows neural circuits to maintain an average activity level while preserving the ability to learn new associations and efficiently transmit information. This dynamic process usually protects the brain from excessive activity, like seizures. However, in certain contexts, homeostatic plasticity might produce seizures, either in response to an acute provocation or more chronically as a driver of epileptogenesis. Here, we review three seizure conditions in which homeostatic plasticity likely plays an important role: acute drug withdrawal seizures, posttraumatic or disconnection epilepsy, and cyclic seizures. Identifying the homeostatic mechanisms active at different stages of development and in different circuits could allow better targeting of therapies, including determining when neuromodulation might be most effective, proposing ways to prevent epileptogenesis, and determining how to disrupt the cycle of recurring seizure clusters.
MEG abnormalities and mechanisms of surgical failure in neocortical epilepsy
Authors: Owen Thomas W. , Schroeder Gabrielle M. , Janiukstyte Vytene , Hall Gerard R. , McEvoy Andrew , Miserocchi Anna , de Tisi Jane , Duncan John S. , Rugg‐Gunn Fergus , Wang Yujiang , Taylor Peter N. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveEpilepsy surgery fails to achieve seizure freedom in 30%–40% of cases. It is not fully understood why some surgeries are unsuccessful. By comparing interictal magnetoencephalography (MEG) band power from patient data to normative maps, which describe healthy spatial and population variability, we identify patient‐specific abnormalities relating to surgical failure. We propose three mechanisms contributing to poor surgical outcome: (1) not resecting the epileptogenic abnormalities (mislocalization), (2) failing to remove all epileptogenic abnormalities (partial resection), and (3) insufficiently impacting the overall cortical abnormality. Herein we develop markers of these mechanisms, validating them against patient outcomes.MethodsResting‐state MEG recordings were acquired for 70 healthy controls and 32 patients with refractory neocortical epilepsy. Relative band‐power spatial maps were computed using source‐localized recordings. Patient and region‐specific band‐power abnormalities were estimated as the maximum absolute z‐score across five frequency bands using healthy data as a baseline. Resected regions were identified using postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We hypothesized that our mechanistically interpretable markers would discriminate patients with and without postoperative seizure freedom.ResultsOur markers discriminated surgical outcome groups (abnormalities not targeted: area under the curve [AUC] = 0.80, p = .003; partial resection of epileptogenic zone: AUC = 0.68, p = .053; and insufficient cortical abnormality impact: AUC = 0.64, p = .096). Furthermore, 95% of those patients who were not seizure‐free had markers of surgical failure for at least one of the three proposed mechanisms. In contrast, of those patients without markers for any mechanism, 80% were ultimately seizure‐free.SignificanceThe mapping of abnormalities across the brain is important for a wide range of neurological conditions. Here we have demonstrated that interictal MEG band‐power mapping has merit for the localization of pathology and improving our mechanistic understanding of epilepsy. Our markers for mechanisms of surgical failure could be used in the future to construct predictive models of surgical outcome, aiding clinical teams during patient pre‐surgical evaluations.
Including imprecisely georeferenced specimens improves accuracy of species distribution models and estimates of niche breadth
Authors: Smith Adam B. , Murphy Stephen J. , Henderson David , Erickson Kelley D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimMuseum and herbarium specimen records are frequently used to assess the conservation status of species and their responses to climate change. Typically, occurrences with imprecise geolocality information are discarded because they cannot be matched confidently to environmental conditions and are thus expected to increase uncertainty in downstream analyses. However, using only precisely georeferenced records risks undersampling of the environmental and geographical distributions of species. We present two related methods to allow the use of imprecisely georeferenced occurrences in biogeographical analysis.InnovationOur two procedures assign imprecise records to the (1) locations or (2) climates that are closest to the geographical or environmental centroid of the precise records of a species. For virtual species, including imprecise records alongside precise records improved the accuracy of ecological niche models projected to the present and the future, especially for species with c. 20 or fewer precise occurrences. Using only precise records underestimated loss of suitable habitat and overestimated the amount of suitable habitat in both the present and the future. Including imprecise records also improves estimates of niche breadth and extent of occurrence. An analysis of 44 species of North American Asclepias (Apocynaceae) yielded similar results.Main conclusionsExisting studies examining the effects of spatial imprecision typically compare outcomes based on precise records against the same records with spatial error added to them. However, in real‐world cases, analysts possess a mix of precise and imprecise records and must decide whether to retain or discard the latter. Discarding imprecise records can undersample the geographical and environmental distributions of species and lead to mis‐estimation of responses to past and future climate change. Our method, for which we provide a software implementation in the enmSdmX package for R, is simple to use and can help leverage the large number of specimen records that are typically deemed “unusable” because of spatial imprecision in their geolocation.
Superoxide: The enigmatic chemical chameleon in neutrophil biology
Authors: Kettle Anthony J. , Ashby Louisa V. , Winterbourn Christine C. , Dickerhof Nina 
Published: January 2023

SummaryThe burst of superoxide produced when neutrophils phagocytose bacteria is the defining biochemical feature of these abundant immune cells. But 50 years since this discovery, the vital role superoxide plays in host defense has yet to be defined. Superoxide is neither bactericidal nor is it just a source of hydrogen peroxide. This simple free radical does, however, have remarkable chemical dexterity. Depending on its environment and reaction partners, superoxide can act as an oxidant, a reductant, a nucleophile, or an enzyme substrate. We outline the evidence that inside phagosomes where neutrophils trap, kill, and digest bacteria, superoxide will react preferentially with the enzyme myeloperoxidase, not the bacterium. By acting as a cofactor, superoxide will sustain hypochlorous acid production by myeloperoxidase. As a substrate, superoxide may give rise to other forms of reactive oxygen. We contend that these interactions hold the key to understanding the precise role superoxide plays in neutrophil biology. State‐of‐the‐art techniques in mass spectrometry, oxidant‐specific fluorescent probes, and microscopy focused on individual phagosomes are needed to identify bactericidal mechanisms driven by superoxide. This work will undoubtably lead to fascinating discoveries in host defense and give a richer understanding of superoxide's varied biology.
National Differentiation Experience and Citizen Support for Differentiated Integration
Authors: Winzen Thomas , Schimmelfennig Frank 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article examines the determinants of public opinion on differentiated integration (DI) in the European Union (EU). Specifically, it tests whether citizen attitudes are informed by the national experience of opt‐outs and exclusions from full participation in EU policies. The study generally finds that support for DI strongly depends on the mode of DI. Even though ‘multi‐speed DI’ is only temporary, it is evaluated more critically than durable treaty opt‐outs establishing ‘multi‐tier DI’. We suggest that citizens from opt‐out countries oppose multi‐speed DI out of concern that it would render their exemptions temporary, whereas citizens from new member states tend to be critical towards the often involuntary and discriminatory transitional arrangements that were imposed by the old member states.
Asymmetric cell division in plant development
Authors: Zhang Yi , Xu Tongda , Dong Juan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAsymmetric cell division (ACD) is a fundamental process that generates new cell types during development in eukaryotic species. In plant development, post‐embryonic organogenesis driven by ACD is universal and more important than in animals, in which organ pattern is preset during embryogenesis. Thus, plant development provides a powerful system to study molecular mechanisms underlying ACD. During the past decade, tremendous progress has been made in our understanding of the key components and mechanisms involved in this important process in plants. Here, we present an overview of how ACD is determined and regulated in multiple biological processes in plant development and compare their conservation and specificity among different model cell systems. We also summarize the molecular roles and mechanisms of the phytohormones in the regulation of plant ACD. Finally, we conclude with the overarching paradigms and principles that govern plant ACD and consider how new technologies can be exploited to fill the knowledge gaps and make new advances in the field.
The impact of a parent‐based prevention intervention on Mexican‐descent youths' perceptions of harm associated with drug use: Differential intervention effects for male and female youths
Authors: Parra‐Cardona Rubén , Vanderziel Alyssa , Fuentes‐Balderrama Jaime 
Published: January 2023

AbstractParent training (PT) interventions reduce the likelihood of youth problematic behaviors, including drug use. However, the dissemination of culturally adapted PT interventions in low‐income Latina/o immigrant communities remains scarce. In this selective prevention study, we examined the extent to which exposure to CAPAS‐Youth, a culturally adapted version of the PT intervention known as GenerationPMTO©, resulted in increased adolescent perception of harm associated with use of alcohol and other drugs. In a randomized controlled trial with 71 Latina/o immigrant families (95% of parents self‐identified as Mexican origin, n = 98), 37 families were allocated to the CAPAS‐Youth intervention condition versus wait‐list control (n = 34 families). According to adolescents' reports at intervention completion, significant increased levels of perceived harm associated with drug use were found for female youths, but not for males. Differential results indicate the importance of tailoring PT prevention interventions according to youths' sex differences (i.e., males vs. females).
The adoption of FinTech and the legal protection of the digital assets in Islamic/Sharia banking linked with economic development: A case of Indonesia
Authors: Azizah Siti N. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBased on the enormous growth of financial technology (FinTech) and digital assets in banking financial transactions, this research has been conducted in an Islamic banking sector. It aims to discuss and elaborate the Islamic/sharia banking, the adoption of Islamic FinTech, the legal protection of digital assets, and their role in economic development in Indonesia. To achieve the study objectives, researchers applied a comparative and normative judicial approach along with perspective and descriptive analysis methods. The results revealed the significant adoption of FinTech by the Islamic banking sector. In contrast, the findings also showed that, regardless of the availability of laws and regulations regarding FinTech in the conventional banking system, no general regulations and laws are available regarding Islamic FinTech and the protection of digital assets under the Central Bank of Indonesia and Financial Services Authority. However, there are some important guidelines regarding the legal protection for Islamic FinTech and digital assets as per the Fatwa issued by the National Shariah Board of Indonesian Ulama. Furthermore, considering the utmost importance of financial technologies, Islamic banks should embrace the innovations linked with such technologies to cater to customers' needs based on an interest‐free system.
Genetic approaches to dissect plant nonhost resistance mechanisms
Authors: Wu Ying , Sexton William , Yang Bing , Xiao Shunyuan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNonhost resistance (NHR) refers to the immunity of most tested genotypes of a plant species to most tested variants of a pathogen species. Thus, NHR is broad spectrum and durable in nature and constitutes a major safety barrier against invasion of a myriad of potentially pathogenic microbes in any plants including domesticated crops. Genetic study of NHR is generally more difficult compared to host resistance mainly because NHR is genetically more complicated and often lacks intraspecific polymorphisms. Nevertheless, substantial progress has been made towards the understanding of the molecular basis of NHR in the past two decades using various approaches. Not surprisingly, molecular mechanisms of NHR revealed so far encompasses pathogen‐associated molecular pattern‐triggered immunity and effector‐triggered immunity. In this review, we briefly discuss the inherent difficulty in genetic studies of NHR and summarize the main approaches that have been taken to identify genes contributing to NHR. We also discuss new enabling strategies for dissecting multilayered NHR in model plants with a focus on NHR against filamentous pathogens, especially biotrophic pathogens such as powdery mildew and rust fungi.
Guidelines for resident training in veterinary clinical pathology. IV: Laboratory quality management—Teaching domains, competencies, and suggested learning outcomes
Authors: Flatland Bente , Dehghanpir Shannon D. , Evans Samantha J. M. , Freeman Kathleen P. , Grimes Carolyn , Hancock Tamara , Hollinger Charlotte , Hooijberg Emma , Korchia Jeremie , Lawson Cheryl , Matlow Jennifer R. , Sample Saundra , Viall Austin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe 2019 ASVCP Education Committee Forum for Discussion, presented at the annual ASVCP/ACVP meeting, identified a need to develop recommendations for teaching laboratory quality management principles in veterinary clinical pathology residency training programs.ObjectivesTo present a competency‐based framework for teaching laboratory quality management principles in veterinary clinical pathology residency training programs, including entrustable professional activities (EPAs), domains of competence, individual competencies, and learning outcomes.MethodsA joint subcommittee of the ASVCP Quality Assurance and Laboratory Standards (QALS) and Education Committees executed this project. A draft guideline version was reviewed by the ASVCP membership and shared with selected ACVP committees in early 2022, and a final version was voted upon by the full QALS and Education Committees in late 2022.ResultsEleven domains of competence with relevant individual competencies were identified. In addition, suggested learning outcomes and resource lists were developed. Domains and individual competencies were mapped to six EPAs.ConclusionsThis guideline presents a framework for teaching principles of laboratory quality management in veterinary clinical pathology residency training programs and was designed to be comprehensive yet practical. Guidance on pedagogical terms and possible routes of implementation are included. Recommendations herein aim to improve and support resident training but may require gradual implementation, as programs phase in necessary expertise and resources. Future directions include the development of learning milestones and assessments and consideration of how recommendations intersect with the American College of Veterinary Pathologists training program accreditation and certifying examination.
EMI (English‐medium instruction) in Indonesian higher education
Authors: Bolton Kingsley , Hill Christopher , Bacon‐Shone John , Peyronnin Karen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article reports on the investigation of English‐medium instruction (EMI) in Indonesian higher education. Two separate but related studies were carried out. In Phase One, a mixed method approach using a questionnaire and interviews was used at a private university in Jakarta in order to gauge the responses of undergraduates studying a range of subjects through English. The results of Phase One suggested that the students at this university generally had high levels of proficiency in English and coped rather well with EMI. Phase Two of the study involved interviewing 17 educators across multiple institutions, and the results of this provided a nuanced picture of the implementation of EMI in higher education across this diverse multilingual nation.
End‐periodic homeomorphisms and volumes of mapping tori
Authors: Field Elizabeth , Kim Heejoung , Leininger Christopher , Loving Marissa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGiven an irreducible, end‐periodic homeomorphism of a surface with finitely many ends, all accumulated by genus, the mapping torus, , is the interior of a compact, irreducible, atoroidal 3‐manifold with incompressible boundary. Our main result is an upper bound on the infimal hyperbolic volume of in terms of the translation length of on the pants graph of . This builds on work of Brock and Agol in the finite‐type setting. We also construct a broad class of examples of irreducible, end‐periodic homeomorphisms and use them to show that our bound is asymptotically sharp.
Diplomats on the Frontlines: Knowing and Ordering in Crisis
Authors: Hofius Maren 
Published: January 2023

Summary
How do diplomatic practices change under crisis conditions? To explore the possible effects of crisis on diplomatic standards of competence, the article zooms in on the modes of knowledge production of frontline diplomats in crisis. An illustrative case study of European Union (EU) diplomatic practice in Ukraine during the Euromaidan revolution reveals two different modes of knowledge production among members of the local EU diplomatic ‘community of practice’: a rule-following and reflexive mode. The article finds that the reflexive mode of knowledge production surfaces in times of crisis and reflects a heretofore under-acknowledged standard of excellence, the ‘ethics of care’ towards the host state’s citizens. Foregrounding the ‘ethics of care’ as a standard of competence sheds new light on diplomatic ethics and advances International Practice Theory’s (IPT) discussion about the normativity of practices and the contested nature of diplomatic competence.
The effect of preoperative sleep quality on the target plasma concentration of propofol and postoperative sleep in patients undergoing painless gastroscopy
Authors: Qiu Yuxue , Hou Haitao , Zhang Junxia , Wang Xiaomei , Wang Lu , Wu Yanan , Deng Liqin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
This study aims to investigate the effect of preoperative sleep quality on the target plasma concentration of propofol and postoperative sleep in patients undergoing painless gastroscopy.

Methods
Ninety-three outpatients aged 45 to 64 years with body mass index (BMI) of 18.5–30 kg/m2 and ASA grades of I or II, who underwent painless gastroscopy, were selected. All patients were evaluated by the Athens insomnia scale (AIS) before the painless gastroscopy. The patients were divided into two groups according to the AIS score evaluated before painless gastroscopy: normal sleep group (group N, AIS score < 4 points, 47 cases) and sleep disorder group (group D, AIS score > 6 points, 46 cases). The target-controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol (Marsh model) was used for general anesthesia, the Bispectral index (BIS) was used to monitor the depth of anesthesia, and the BIS was maintained between 50 and 65 during the painless gastroscopy. The target plasma concentration (Cp) of propofol was recorded when the patient’s eyelash reflex disappeared (T1), before the painless gastroscopy (T2), at the time of advancing the gastroscope (T3) and during the painless gastroscopy (T4), and the infusion rate per body surface area of propofol was calculated. The patient’s AIS score was followed up by telephone at day 1, day 3, 1 week, and 1 month after the painless gastroscopy to assess the postoperative sleep of the patient. The occurrence of adverse reactions during the painless gastroscopy was recorded; the patient’s satisfaction and the endoscopist’s satisfaction with the anesthesia effect were compared between the two groups.

Results
Compared with group N, the Cp at each time point and the infusion rate per body surface area of propofol in group D was increased significantly (P < 0.05); compared with the AIS scores before the painless gastroscopy, the AIS scores of the two groups of patients were significantly increased day 1 after the painless gastroscopy (P < 0.05); there were no significant differences in the AIS scores of the two groups at day 3, 1 week, and 1 month after the painless gastroscopy (P > 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the occurrence of adverse reactions and the patient’s satisfaction and the endoscopist’s satisfaction with the anesthesia effect between the two groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion
The preoperative sleep disturbance will increase the Cp and the infusion rate per body surface area of propofol in patients undergoing painless gastroscopy. Propofol only affects the patients’ sleep for day 1 after the painless gastroscopy.

Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100045332) on 12/04/2021.
Errors in pressure measurements due to changes in pressure transducer levels during adult cardiac surgery: a prospective observational study
Authors: Oh Chahyun , Lee Soomin , Jeon Seungbin , Park Hanmi , Chung Woosuk , Shim Man-Shik , Yoon Seok-Hwa , Kim Yoon-Hee , Lee Sun Yeul , Hong Boohwi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Blood pressure measurement is an essential element during intraoperative patient management. However, errors caused by changes in transducer levels can occur during surgery.

Methods
This single center, prospective, observational study enrolled 25 consecutive patients scheduled for elective cardiac surgery with invasive arterial and central venous pressure (CVP) monitoring. Hydrostatic pressures caused by level differences (leveling pressure) between a reference point (on the center of the left biceps brachii muscle) and the transducers (fixed on the right side of the operating table) for arterial and central lines were continuously measured using a leveling transducer. Adjusted pressures were calculated as measured pressure – leveling pressure. Hypotension (mean arterial pressure < 80, <70, and < 60 mmHg), and CVP (< 6, ≥6 and < 15, or ≥ 15 mmHg) and pulmonary artery pressure (PAP, mean > 20 mmHg) levels were determined using unadjusted and adjusted pressures.

Results
Twenty-two patients were included in the analysis. Leveling pressure ≥ 3 mmHg and ≥ 5 mmHg observed at 46.0 and 18.7% of pooled data points, respectively. Determinations of hypotension using unadjusted and adjusted pressures showed disagreements ranging from 3.3 to 9.4% depending on the cutoffs. Disagreements in defined levels of CVP and PAP were observed at 23.0 and 17.2% of the data points, respectively.

Conclusions
The errors in pressure measurement due to changes in transducer level were not trivial and caused variable disagreements in the determination of MAP, CVP, and PAP levels. To prevent distortions in intraoperative hemodynamic management, strategies should be sought to minimize or adjust for these errors in clinical practice.

Trial registration
cris.nih.go.kr (KCT0006510).