bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community Advanced First Aid Training for Day-to-Day Emergency and Disaster Response in Nepal
Authors: Maharjan Rashmisha , Maharjan Ramesh 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:Nepal is a country with geographical difficulties in tackling day-to-day emergency healthcare and disaster preparedness. The aim is to develop community preparedness by training for day-to-day emergency and disaster response in Nepal to generate preventive and first aid awareness of consequences and complications of simple to severe emergency conditions during day-to-day emergencies and disasters.Method:It is an analysis of five years of advanced first-aid training at the Nepal Disaster and Emergency Medicine Center from July 2015 to March 2020. In April 2015, the earthquake affected 15 districts of Nepal.Results:During July 2015 to March 2020, NADEM has been training 3,995 Community First Aiders for Male Leaders and Active Community people: 1,315 special mothers’ group–Adolescent Maternity & Child Health First Aiders; 794 Ambulance Drivers–Advanced First Aid Trained of remote districts of Mountain and hilly region’s ambulance’s Drivers and Assistants ; 637 ToT First Aiders for Community School Teachers (Training of Trainers); Total AFAT Trained by NADEM = 6,741 (Province 1 to 5); Total Population AFAT Trained = 52,610 (Province 1 to 5); Total Population Benefit by AFAT = 902,100 and its ongoing. NADEM Study Reports of Nepali community with ‘Incident Rate of First Aid Required’ is 9% per day with First Aid Services for 87.4% minor causes, 5.4% major causes, 0.5% gynecological causes, 1.7% AMCH causes, 4.5% trauma causes, 0.5% Prehospital Cardiac Arrest. With NADEM advanced first-aid training, now we are preventing 70% of deaths in remote parts of those districts before reaching the health care centers.Conclusion:It is a great challenge to train community laypersons to be Community First Aiders who can tackle day-to-day emergencies and disasters in their community with knowledge, skills practice, and attitude to prepare and prevent the increased tendencies of disability, deformity, morbidity, and mortality in Nepal.
Determinant of Severe Road Traffic Injury Cases Managed by Fatmawati Jakarta Hospital Emergency Department
Authors: Yogadhita Gde 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:A traffic accident injury is one type of unintentional injury that contributes to the third leading cause of death in Indonesia, according to the WHO 2013 Global Road Safety Report based on Indonesian Police, estimated 37,000-47,000 fatalities annually and 46,000 experiencing severe injuries. The injury surveillance pilot project by the Ministry of the Health Republic of Indonesia in the Fatmawati Hospital Emergency Department is trying to describe the magnitude of injury along with its components and risk factors.Method:This study aims to determine the risk factors of severe road traffic injury documented by injury surveillance forms in the Fatmawati Hospital Emergency Department from March to July 2016. The research design used was cross-sectional with a number of samples of 600 road traffic injury cases.Results:The results show risk factors that contributed as predictors for severe road traffic injury are being male, OR 2.03 (95% CI 1.37-3.02); age greater than 30 years old, OR 1.57 (95% CI 1.11 - 2.22); low education (not attending school until high school graduate) with OR 1.59 (95% CI 1.12-2.25); during working days with OR 1.53 (95% CI 1.08 – 2.17), and cyclists with OR 4.84 (95% CI 0.87-29.0).Conclusion:Based on this research, the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia needs to continue advocating the use of injury surveillance forms at hospital emergency departments to provide a complete picture of injury characteristics and risk factors and to educate and develop road traffic injury prevention and risk communication for the community.
Creating a Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management (EDRM) Learning Community
Authors: Donahue Donald , Barach Paul , Swienton Raymond , Hansen Jan-Cedric , Harris Curt 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:Disaster research is primarily posthoc analysis, locally focused or within response organizations, overlooking the wellness and safety of first and second responders or the broad multi- and interdisciplinary activities necessary to foster and sustain recovery. A broad framework to span locality, institutional, and professional boundaries supports the development of a true learning community–a health EDRM sector that supports society in recognizing lessons, refining findings, and free and fluid global sharing.Method:Several organizations joined to create a robust disaster health learning community: CREDO, GloHSA, ICDM, and ECDM, a multi-national, multi-disciplinary collaborative network of patients, universities, societies, regulators, publishing, healthcare, and technology partners designed to foster expert level education and training with shared educational design concepts, milestones, and core curricula that embrace the strength of a standardized base upon which to link unique pillars of excellence of separate functions, institutions, nations, and regions.Results:The Emergency Disaster Global Health Sciences (EDGHS) model developed by University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center is interactive, open, and responsive. EDGHS addresses critical gaps in applied research by convening leaders across the healthcare and public health continuum to map the way forward, designing and implementing high-quality, evidence-based practical and policy research.This defines essential public health functions for national contexts, including a focus on emergency preparedness and response, strengthening competency-based education on essential public health functions, and mapping and measurement of occupations delivering EDRM functions, offering an exportable model of global relevance.Conclusion:Putting disaster prevention into recovery processes is a strategic opportunity to improve the well-being of future generations. The survivability and well-being needs of present and future generations are contingent on knowledge-based, lived experiences of recoverable disaster loss and damage, and the capacity to thrive sustainably. This presentation serves as an invitation to join the growing momentum of creating a learning health EDRM community.
Hospital Preparedness in Facing the COVID-19 Pandemic Based on the Command System: A Study in Jakarta and Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Ariani Madelina , Donna Bella , Pangaribuan Happy , Yogadhita Gde , Wartatmo Hendro 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:Hospitals have had Hospital Disaster Plans (HDP), however, when the COVID-19 pandemic attacked, several hospitals neglected the HDP. They seem to find it difficult to operationalize HDP. The hospital’s problems were also increasingly complex because they must also think about how to break the internal transmission chain and how to deal with the surge in COVID-19 patients besides building a clear incident command system (ICS). This study aimed to carry out documentation and analyze hospital preparedness in dealing with COVID-19 based on the ICS.Method:This study was documentation research using a qualitative approach. All hospital preparations in "high case" areas in Jakarta and Yogyakarta from April to June 2020 were documented, followed by interviews and document observations. Furthermore, data were analyzed according to the ICS management functions; commander, secretary, operational, logistics, planning, and financial administration.Results:Since the COVID-19 pandemic, hospitals had developed a separate COVID-19 handling system from the existing HDP documents. The analysis showed the division of tasks and functions of each field in the COVID-19 Task Force already existed, but it had not been described in detail. The communication and procedure flow within the internal and external COVID-19 task force were generally only verbal. In conclusion, related to the readiness to face the surge in COVID-19 patients, the hospitals have not made any plans or supervision for handling COVID-19.Conclusion:Hospital preparedness in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic based on the Command System has not been maximized. The existing HDP only includes planning for natural disaster management. Furthermore, every health facility established the COVID-19 Task Force. However, the principle of division of tasks, communication, and planning flow in the Task Force still needs to be improved.
Kiwi Ingenuity – How New Zealand Healthcare Adapted for the Whakaari/White Island Disaster
Authors: Toy Nicole , Simpson Catherine , Taylor Matthew 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:New Zealand is widely known across the globe as an adventure tourism destination. On December 9, 2019, the natural wonders of the country became a major disaster that impacted the lives of many and stretched the resources of the New Zealand healthcare system.Whakaari/White Island is an uninhabited, privately owned island 50 km off the North Island of New Zealand. It contains two strato-volcanoes, which were and remain a popular tourist destination. While an international tourist group were enjoying their guided tour of the crater, one of the volcanoes erupted, sending superheated debris and gas into the air. Of the 47 individuals on the island at the time, 39 were rescued. Overall, 25 people survived. The mortality of this event was significantly lower than historic volcanic eruptions involving ballistic and pyroclastic injuries. We are fortunate to present information specifically on the chemical and physiological changes noted from exposure to volcanic ash.Located in New Zealand’s largest city is Middlemore Hospital, home of the National Burns Center. This center is supported by three regional burn centers throughout the country. Prior to Whakaari, mass-casualty plans were in place, however, system-wide adaptations were required on many levels to ensure delivery of healthcare. This included changes in pre-hospital triage, support for regional burns centers and repatriation to home countries.This poster presentation takes you on the journey of adaptation experienced within the National Burns Service, focusing on operating theater, intensive care and acute burns management.Method:Case StudyResults:.Conclusion:.
The Utilization of Hospital-Based Decontamination Facility for Chemical Incidents
Authors: Ponampalam R 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:The constraints of performing prehospital decontamination in mass casualty incidents involving the release of chemical agents at disaster sites in modern cities are notable. Compounding this are highly built-up urban areas with significantly high population density and traffic congestion. This places the burden of performing such decontamination on nearby healthcare facilities. Based on this need, public hospitals in Singapore have been equipped with decontamination facilities. We present a review of the utilization of this facility at our institution.Method:A retrospective review of the utilization of the hospital decontamination station (HDS) was carried out, noting its frequency, purpose, and outcomes.Results:Since its construction, the HDS has been deployed successfully many times a year for both routine training and disaster preparedness exercises. Despite the lockdown measures due to Covid-19, with concomitant reduction in social and economic activity, the HDS was activated five times for decontamination of chemical contaminated casualties. It is fortunate that, although HDS training activities were curtailed during this period, emergency department (ED) staff were still able to function effectively using prior experience, donning chemical protective suits, and performing decontamination. The semi-automated HDS facilitated rapid deployment which contributed to ease of use of this resource for timely decontamination of casualties with good outcomes.Conclusion:Chemical incidents resulting in contaminated casualties are uncommon events. Nonetheless hospitals must be prepared to deal with this situation in a timely manner. The rapidly deployable HDS has become an important resource and an operationally ready solution for dealing with chemical contaminated casualties presenting at short notice to the ED. Regular training and deployment exercises utilizing the HDS provide staff familiarity critical to overall readiness for chemical incidents. This strategy provides a reliable countermeasure in an all-hazards approach to disaster preparedness at the hospital.
The Effect of Weather and Heat-Related Variation on Patient Presentation and Transport Rates
Authors: DiCesare Danielle , Duan Peter , Fitzpatrick Desmond , Paynter Stan , Zuver Christian 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:Mass gatherings are becoming increasingly more common and require adequate preparedness in order to ensure the safety of participants. Standardized planning tools for optimal resource utilization during these events are lacking. We analyzed prehospital data from a high census US theme park to determine whether heat index and wet bulb index are predictive of patient presentation and transport rates.Method:This was a retrospective analysis of prehospital data from a high census US theme park. Daily EMS data including call and transport volume as well as corresponding local weather information were gathered between May 2021 to September 2022. The relationship between patient presentation rate and transport rate and weather information was analyzed using Analysis of Variance Testing. Patient presentation rates were calculated based on average daily attendance according to unofficial attendance tracking sources. Seasonal attendance variation was accounted for by comparing variations in patient presentation and transports to the average call and transportations rates for that respective month.Results:A total of 515 days of data were included. We found that higher wet bulb temperature readings correlated with both higher patient presentation rates per 10,000 attendees (>80F 4.09, 70-79F 3.39, <69F 2.84 patients; P<0.05) and increased hospital transport rates per 10,000 attendees (>80F 1.38, 70-79F 1.29, <69F 1.09 patients; P<0.05). Adjusted for seasonal variation of attendance, higher wet bulb temperatures were likewise correlated with increased presentation (>80F 102%, 70-79F 98%, <69F 93% of average patients per day; P<0.05) and transports (>80F 101%, 70-79F 100%, <69F 93% of average transports per day; P<0.05). Additional analysis noted similarly increased patient presentation and transport rates on days with higher maximum heat indices.Conclusion:In the setting of a high census US theme park, higher wet bulb and heat indices were strongly associated with increased patient presentation rates and patient transport rates.
Establishment of a Medical System for Emergency Radiation Exposure (One local city in Japan)
Authors: Yoshioka Hayato , Okawara Yusuke , Ogoshi Tomofumi , Ueda Takahiro , Homma Masato 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:Japan is the only country to have experienced the atomic bombings and still has many nuclear power plants. In 2011, a nuclear power plant accident occurred during a major magnitude 9.0 earthquake, and there was a great deal of concern about radiation exposure medicine for the public. It is necessary to provide appropriate radiation exposure medicine.Method:The facility is located within the IAEA's UPZ, and in the event of an emergency, it is necessary to provide medical care for a large number of people exposed to radiation, so an advanced radiation exposure medical facility was built in 2015 (the surrounding population is approximately 300,000).Results:The basics of radiation exposure medicine are: 1) medical priority, 2) prevention of the spread of radioactive materials, and 3) protection of our responders from radiation exposure. Everything from whole body assessments, contamination examinations due to exposure, medical procedures (including advanced medical procedures), and decontamination were able to be performed. The facility is also equipped with WBC (whole body counter) that can assess internal exposure. A support system for other medical facilities was being developed in the region by forming a team that can respond to radiation exposure.Conclusion:With the current system, not only radiation exposure medicine will be handled, but also CBRNE and other such services in the future. For this reason, repeated training and human resource development are very important.
Issues in Psychiatric Hospitals that were Revealed Through COVID-19 Infection Countermeasures
Authors: Usuda Daisuke , Tsuge Shiho , Sugita Manabu , Kawauchi Takeshi , Hori Toru 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:Infection countermeasures that consider patient characteristics are needed at psychiatric hospitals.Method:Based on the experience of implementing countermeasures against infection by COVID-19, which has become a pandemic disaster over the past few years. This report is on the current situation and issues of infection countermeasures in psychiatric hospitals.Results:Reasons for why it is difficult to take COVID-19 countermeasures in psychiatric hospitals included the following: for patient predispositions–it is difficult to promote understanding and practice of infection countermeasures such as proper wearing of masks, hand hygiene enforcement, zoning, etc. For environmental predispositions–it is difficult to ventilate because windows and doors cannot be opened, and it is difficult to isolate infected individuals as there are few private rooms. Countermeasures included the following: recreation should be limited to that which does not involve speaking and having everybody face the same direction, ensuring sufficient space between people during meals, installing ventilation equipment in hospital wards, handle care in private rooms until the hospitalized patient is judged to be not infectious, and conducting zoning and isolation on a hospital ward level. Results showed that although COVID-19 outbreaks occasionally occurred in hospital wards, this did not result in spread throughout the hospital.Conclusion:Future challenges include improving the quality of infection countermeasures in hospitals through thoroughly educating hospital personnel who are unaccustomed to taking infection countermeasures.
Research on Supports for Those Who Require Special Care to Prevent Disuse Syndrome in Disasters and Disaster-related Death Using Telemedicine
Authors: Gomi Tomoki , Gomi Shizuko , Nomura Shoko , Hashizume Yumi , Maki Naoki , Yanagi Hisako 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:In Japan, natural disasters such as earthquakes and typhoons are extremely frequent. It is predicted that Tokyo Inland earthquakes will occur within the next 30 years. Disuse syndrome and Disaster-related deaths have increased in disasters. It has been reported that Disuse syndrome and Disaster-related deaths are particularly prevalent among those who require special care. Therefore, it is necessary to consider support for them in the future disaster. Telemedicine has become increasingly popular in recent years. Previous researches using telemedicine have reported that it is useful for rehabilitation and management of chronic diseases. This study aimed telemedicine would be useful to prevent Disuse syndrome and Disaster-related deaths.Method:The subjects were physicians, nurses, physical therapists, occupational therapists, and speech therapists. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the subjects on how telemedicine could be used to assist them. The data were analyzed using Krippendorff's content analysis.Results:The research interviewed medical staff including physical therapists and occupational therapists with knowledge about disaster medicine. Thirteen categories of problems with telemedicine were identified, including problems with infrastructure and operation by the elderly. Eight categories of support that could be provided were generated that were common to all rehabilitation professionals, two categories for physical therapists, two categories for occupational therapists, and five categories for speech therapists.Conclusion:This study examined what kind of support can be provided using telemedicine to prevent Disuse syndrome and Disaster-related deaths. Common support by rehabilitation professionals included instruction in exercises and prevention of economy class syndrome. It was suggested that speech therapists could provide oral swallowing exercises and support for those with dysphagia. However, the handling of communication devices by the elderly, and the interaction of medical personnel were cited as problems. In response to these issues, there was a possibility to support the victims by collaborating with remote and local medical professionals.
A Crisis is an Opportunity for Human Resource Development
Authors: Shimada Jiro , Hakozaki Takahiro , Waragai Mitsuru , Kohayagawa Yoshitaka , KKobari Takehiro 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:The COVID-19 pandemic also raged in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. Moreover, it forced a response to the medical crisis just as much as the disaster. After the Great East Japan Earthquake, disaster response system development progressed in Fukushima Prefecture. The relationship between the DMAT and the Prefectural Medical Health and Welfare Department was becoming more assertive.Method:However, as the disaster response members became fixed, there was an urgent need to develop new young human resources.Results:Meanwhile, flood damage caused by Typhoon No. 24 occurred in September 2018. It was the first time since the Great East Japan Earthquake that a disaster countermeasures headquarters was set up within the prefectural office. In that response, we discovered young talents. Furthermore, they nurtured in response to the medical crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.Conclusion:In recent years, the main elements of disaster response required support for continuing medical care and securing public health. Unfortunately, however, these things are insufficient both as medical education and as postgraduate education. Therefore, few human resources are interested in disaster medicine and taking action. In addition, it is also a fact that, like surgical operations, if disasters are not responded to, they will not come to fruition. The response to this pandemic is genuinely an opportunity for human resource development. Taking advantage of this crisis to develop new human resources can be a blessing.