bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative trait loci and candidate genes for physico‐chemical traits related to tuber quality in greater yam (Dioscorea alata L.)
Authors: Arnau Gemma , Desfontaines Lucienne , Ehounou Adou Emmanuel , Marie‐Magdeleine Carine , Kouakou Amani Michel , Leinster Jocelyne , Nudol Elie , Maledon Erick , Chair Hana 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDStarch, dry matter content (DMC), proteins, and sugars are among the major influences on yam tuber quality. Genetic improvement programs need simple, rapid, and low‐cost tools to screen large populations. The objectives of this work were, using a quantitative trait loci mapping approach (QTL) on two diploid full‐sib segregating populations, (i) to acquire knowledge about the genetic control of these traits; (ii) to identify markers linked to the genomic regions controlling each trait, which are useful for marker‐assisted selection (MAS); (iii) to validate the QTLs on a diversity panel; and (iv) to identify candidate genes from the validated QTLs.RESULTSHeritability for all traits was moderately high to high. Significant correlations were observed between traits. A total of 25 QTLs were identified, including six for DMC, six for sugars, six for proteins, and seven for starch. The phenotypic variance explained by individual QTLs ranged from 14.3% to 28.6%. The majority of QTLs were validated on a diversity panel, showing that they are not specific to the genetic background of the progenitors. The approximate physical location of validated QTLs allowed the identification of candidate genes for all studied traits. Those detected for starch content were mainly enzymes involved in starch and sucrose metabolism, whereas those detected for sugars were mainly involved in respiration and glycolysis.CONCLUSIONThe validated QTLs will be useful for breeding programs using MAS to improve the quality of yam tubers. The putative genes should be useful in providing a better understanding of the physiological and molecular basis of these important tuber quality traits. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
What we do in the dark: Prevalence of omnivorous feeding activity in Arctic zooplankton during polar night
Authors: Kunisch Erin H. , Graeve Martin , Gradinger Rolf , Flores Hauke , Varpe Øystein , Bluhm Bodil A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDuring the productive polar day, zooplankton and sea‐ice amphipods fulfill a critical role in energy transfer from primary producers to higher trophic‐level species in Arctic marine ecosystems. Recent polar night studies on zooplankton and sea‐ice amphipods suggest higher levels of biological activity than previously assumed. However, it is unknown if these invertebrates maintain polar night activity on stored lipids, opportunistic feeding, or a combination of both. To assess how zooplankton (copepods, amphipods, and krill) and sea‐ice amphipods support themselves on seasonally varying resources, we studied their lipid classes, fatty acid compositions, and compound‐specific stable isotopes of trophic biomarker fatty acids during polar day (June/July) and polar night (January). Lipid storage and fatty acid results confirm previously described dietary sources in all species during polar day. We found evidence of polar night feeding in all species, including shifts from herbivory to omnivory. Sympagic‐, pelagic‐, and Calanus spp.‐derived carbon sources supported zooplankton and sea‐ice amphipods in both seasons. We provide a first indication of polar night feeding of sea‐ice amphipods in the pelagic realm.
Strichartz estimates for the Dirac flow in Wiener amalgam spaces
Authors: Kim Seongyeon , Lee Hyeongjin , Seo Ihyeok 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we obtain some new Strichartz estimates for the Dirac flow in the context of Wiener amalgam spaces which control the local regularity of a function and its decay at infinity separately unlike spaces. While it is well understood recently for some flows such as the Schrödinger and wave flows that work in the non‐relativistic regime, nothing is known about the Dirac flow which governs a physical system in the case of relativistic fields.
Mitochondria‐targeted metformin (mitomet) inhibits lung cancer in cellular models and in mice by enhancing the generation of reactive oxygen species
Authors: Shameem Mohammad , Bagherpoor Alireza Jian , Nakhi Ali , Dosa Peter , Georg Gunda , Kassie Fekadu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related mortality in the United States. Although some epidemiological studies have shown an inverse relationship between the use of metformin, a widely used antidiabetic drug, and the incidence of lung cancer, the real benefits of the drug are unclear as the efficacy is low and the outcomes are quite heterogeneous. To develop a more potent form of metformin, we synthesized mitochondria‐targeted metformin (mitomet) and tested its efficacy in in vitro and in vivo models of lung cancer. Mitomet was cytotoxic to transformed bronchial cells and several non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines but relatively safe to normal bronchial cells, and these effects were mediated mainly via induction of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Studies using isogenic A549 cells showed that mitomet was selectively toxic to those cells deficient in the tumor suppressor gene LKB1, which is widely mutated in NSCLC. Mitomet also significantly reduced the multiplicity and size of lung tumors induced by a tobacco smoke carcinogen in mice. Overall, our findings showed that mitomet, which was about 1000 and 100 times more potent than metformin, in killing NSCLC cells and reducing the multiplicity and size of lung tumors in mice, respectively, is a promising candidate for the chemoprevention and treatment of lung cancer, in particular against LKB1‐deficient lung cancers which are known to be highly aggressive.
Variability in the occurrence of thermal seasons in Poland in 1961–2020
Authors: Kejna Marek , Pospieszyńska Aleksandra 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe article analyses the variability of thermal seasons in Poland in 1961–2020. Based on the average monthly air temperature values from 55 stations, the onset and end dates as well as the duration of the six thermal seasons were calculated. Taking into account the thermal thresholds of 0°C, 5°C and 15°C for each year, early spring, spring, summer, autumn, early winter and winter can be distinguished. A significant spatial differentiation of the dates of the beginning and duration of the thermal seasons in Poland was observed. The influence of continentalism (in the east) and oceanic climate (in the west) and the influence of the Baltic Sea are noticeable, and in mountainous regions, altitude above sea level is the main factor. The air temperature in Poland increases at the rate of 0.3°C–0.4°C/10 years. This causes significant changes in the occurrence and duration of the thermal seasons. An early beginning of early spring and spring was observed. Summer arrives earlier and is significantly longer, becoming the longest season of the year (above 110 days in the south of Poland). Autumn and early winter are delayed and get shorter, whereas winter comes much later. Throughout the country, winter is 44 days shorter, and in the north‐west it does not occur at all. Changes in the onset of thermal seasons are a clear indicator of progressing global warming. They have also a decisive impact on the environment and human activity.
Numerical simulation‐based assessment of pH‐sensitive chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI quantification accuracy across field strengths
Authors: Sun Phillip Zhe 
Published: July 2023

AbstractChemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI detects dilute labile protons via their exchange with bulk water, conferring pH sensitivity. Based on published exchange and relaxation properties, a 19‐pool simulation was used to model the brain pH‐dependent CEST effect and assess the accuracy of quantitative CEST (qCEST) analysis across magnetic field strengths under typical scan conditions. First, the optimal B1 amplitude was determined by maximizing pH‐sensitive amide proton transfer (APT) contrast under the equilibrium condition. Apparent and quasi‐steady‐state (QUASS) CEST effects were then derived under the optimal B1 amplitude as functions of pH, RF saturation duration, relaxation delay, Ernst flip angle, and field strength. Finally, CEST effects, particularly the APT signal, were isolated with spinlock model‐based Z‐spectral fitting to evaluate the accuracy and consistency of CEST quantification. Our data showed that QUASS reconstruction significantly improved the consistency between simulated and equilibrium Z‐spectra. The residual difference between QUASS and equilibrium CEST Z‐spectra was, on average, 30 times less than that of the apparent CEST Z‐spectra across field strengths, saturation, and repetition times. Also, the spinlock fitting of the QUASS CEST effect significantly reduced the residual errors 9‐fold. Furthermore, the isolated APT amplitude from QUASS reconstruction was consistent and higher than the apparent CEST analysis under nonequilibrium conditions. To summarize, this study confirmed that QUASS reconstruction facilitates accurate determination of the CEST system under different scan protocols across field strengths, with the potential to help standardize CEST quantification.
A stepwise physics‐informed neural network for solving large deformation problems of hypoelastic materials
Authors: Luo Zikun , Wang Lei , Lu Mengkai 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPhysics‐informed neural network (PINN) has been widely concerned for its higher computational accuracy compared with conventional neural network. The merit of PINN mainly comes from its ability to embed known physical laws or equations into data‐based neural networks. However, when dealing with the rate‐dependent nonlinear problems, such as elasto‐plasticity with loading and unloading and hypoelastic large deformation, the conventional PINN cannot obtain satisfactory results. In this article, a stepwise physics‐informed neural network (sPINN) is proposed to solve large deformation problems of hypoelastic materials. The whole process of sPINN can be divided into a series of time steps. In each time step, the rate constitutive equation expressed by Hughes‐Winget algorithm and momentum governing equation are incorporated into the loss function as physical constraints. The displacement and stress fields can be resolved by completing the training process of each time step. Three numerical examples are designed to validate the proposed method by comparing with the solutions of FEM. The results show that sPINN can accurately resolve the displacement and stress fields in path‐dependent large deformation problems. Furthermore, the performance of the sPINN on small data sets are also discussed, which illustrates that sPINN is more capable of predicting the global solution on small data sets as compared with conventional artificial neural network.
Oral manifestations and their management in Kindler's syndrome: An oral clinician's perspective
Authors: Lonyal Jatin , Gupta Nidhi , Pande Ujjya , Singh Khushboo , Gupta Srishti R. , Bhargava Stuti , Sharma Alpana , Gupta Shalini R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundKindler's syndrome (KS) is a rare genodermatosis caused by a mutation in the KIND1 gene and characterized by skin fragility, photosensitivity, blistering, multi‐system involvement, and a risk of oral malignancy.Case PresentationTwo cases of KS in siblings are presented with severe cutaneous lesions, atrophic oral mucositis, chronic desquamative gingivitis‐periodontitis, candidiasis, and the novel finding of an imapacted mandibular distomolar. Topical steroids, antifungals, antiseptics, and oral prophylaxis caused marked improvement at the 2‐week follow‐up.ConclusionThe oral clinician plays a very significant role in a multi‐specialty team for diagnosis, management, surveillance for oral malignant transformation, and improving oral health‐related quality of life.
State‐of‐the‐art computational methods to predict protein–protein interactions with high accuracy and coverage
Authors: Kewalramani Neal , Emili Andrew , Crovella Mark 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPrediction of protein–protein interactions (PPIs) commonly involves a significant computational component. Rapid recent advances in the power of computational methods for protein interaction prediction motivate a review of the state‐of‐the‐art. We review the major approaches, organized according to the primary source of data utilized: protein sequence, protein structure, and protein co‐abundance. The advent of deep learning (DL) has brought with it significant advances in interaction prediction, and we show how DL is used for each source data type. We review the literature taxonomically, present example case studies in each category, and conclude with observations about the strengths and weaknesses of machine learning methods in the context of the principal sources of data for protein interaction prediction.
The US national registry for childhood interstitial and diffuse lung disease: Report of study design and initial enrollment cohort
Authors: Nevel Rebekah J. , Deutsch Gail H. , Craven Daniel , Deterding Robin , Fishman Martha P. , Wambach Jennifer A. , Casey Alicia , Krone Katie , Liptzin Deborah R. , O'Connor Michael G. , Kurland Geoffrey , Taylor Jane B. , Gower William A. , Hagood James S. , Conrad Carol , Tam‐Williams Jade B. , Fiorino Elizabeth K. , Goldfarb Samuel , Sadreameli Sara C. , Nogee Lawrence M. , Montgomery Gregory , Hamvas Aaron , Laguna Theresa A. , Bansal Manvi , Lew Cheryl , Santiago Maria , Popova Antonia , De Aliva , Chan Marilynn , Powers Michael R. , Josephson Maureen B. , Camburn Devaney , Voss Laura , Li Yun , Young Lisa R. ,   for the chILD Registry Collaborative
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionChildhood interstitial and diffuse lung disease (chILD) encompasses a broad spectrum of rare disorders. The Children's Interstitial and Diffuse Lung Disease Research Network (chILDRN) established a prospective registry to advance knowledge regarding etiology, phenotype, natural history, and management of these disorders.MethodsThis longitudinal, observational, multicenter registry utilizes single‐IRB reliance agreements, with participation from 25 chILDRN centers across the U.S. Clinical data are collected and managed using the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) electronic data platform.ResultsWe report the study design and selected elements of the initial Registry enrollment cohort, which includes 683 subjects with a broad range of chILD diagnoses. The most common diagnosis reported was neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy, with 155 (23%) subjects. Components of underlying disease biology were identified by enrolling sites, with cohorts of interstitial fibrosis, immune dysregulation, and airway disease being most commonly reported. Prominent morbidities affecting enrolled children included home supplemental oxygen use (63%) and failure to thrive (46%).ConclusionThis Registry is the largest longitudinal chILD cohort in the United States to date, providing a powerful framework for collaborating centers committed to improving the understanding and treatment of these rare disorders.
Effect of temperature on ignition mechanism of Ammonium Perchorate (AP) particles under drop weight impact
Authors: Xia Quanzhi , Duan Hongzheng , Wu Yanqing , Yang Kun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe experimental analysis of ignition responses of mildly impacted Ammonium Perchorate (AP) particles was performed based on an optimized drop‐weight system equipped with a High‐Speed Camera (HSC). The experimental results suggested that the jetting phenomena observed by HSC is the result of the energy released by gaseous products, which push the pulverized or melted particles to splash radially. In the process of complex stress stimulation, AP particles experienced four stages of compaction, solid phase transition, sputtering, and ignition. In addition, with the increase in temperature, AP particle sensitivity increased. At room temperature, AP particles are insensitive particles. When the temperature is 50 °C, the ignition threshold of AP particles is 40 cm. However, when the temperature increases to 100 °C, the ignition threshold is 35 cm. Finally, particle friction and rapid gas compression are the main reasons for the ignition of AP particles during impact loading.
Trifluoroethanol and the behavior of a tardigrade desiccation‐tolerance protein
Authors: Wang Shikun , Eicher Jonathan , Pielak Gary J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe cosolvent 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol (TFE) is often used to mimic protein desiccation. We assessed the effects of TFE on cytosolic abundant heat soluble protein D (CAHS D) from tardigrades. CAHS D is a member of a unique protein class that is necessary and sufficient for tardigrades to survive desiccation. We find that the response of CAHS D to TFE depends on the concentration of both species. Dilute CAHS D remains soluble and, like most proteins exposed to TFE, gains α‐helix. More concentrated solutions of CAHS D in TFE accumulate β‐sheet, driving both gel formation and aggregation. At even higher TFE and CAHS D concentrations, samples phase separate without aggregation or increases in helix. Our observations show the importance of considering protein concentration when using TFE.
A turbulent orographic form drag scheme accounting for anisotropy and orientation for kilometer‐ to subkilometer‐scale models
Authors: Xue Haile , Shen Xueshun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a turbulent orographic form drag (TOFD) parameterization scheme that takes into account the directional effects stemming from the angle between the low‐level wind and the principal axis of small‐scale orography. Suitable for models with both kilometer and subkilometer horizontal resolutions, this scheme builds upon prior theoretical and numerical studies to formulate surface TOFD based on the slope and direction of the sinusoidal hills. In this study, we proposed a straightforward function to calculate the surface TOFD for various orographic aspect ratios and directional parameters. The vertical decay of the drag is modeled with a scale twice the standard deviation of the sub‐grid orography. A comparison with numerous large‐eddy simulations featuring a single ellipsoidal hill demonstrates that our scheme effectively captures the dependence of drag on factors such as maximum slope, aspect ratio, the angle between low‐level wind and the principle axis, and hill height. We recommend calculating the sub‐grid orographic parameters using a well‐established method and digital terrain elevation data with a horizontal resolution less than a 100 m. This will allow for representation on orographic scales of both kilometers and subkilometers. Real‐case numerical weather prediction tests are conducted and verified with dense surface wind observations. The proposed scheme improves surface wind simulation compared to a renowned TOFD scheme, and also effectively exhibits the wind response to orographic anisotropy.
Verification of durability of new and existing structures through the design, construction and operational phases
Authors: Andrade Carmen , Linger Lionel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractModel Code 2010 made a step forward in introducing durability models for the probabilistic calculation of design service life. The accumulated experience has allowed the improvement of these models and the introduction of some advances in MC2020. In particular their application to not only new structures, but also to existing ones, with the models serving both circumstances. MC2020 sets the traditional requirements concerning safety and serviceability within an overarching sustainability and performance‐based approach framework, which are major requirements. The main novelties concerning durability design introduced in MC2020 can be summarized as: (a) Guidance on the treatment of a wider range of mechanisms of deterioration which may potentially affect concrete structures, including the simultaneous action of some of these, (b) The classification of the ways of verification into “Levels of Approximation” (LoA), and (c) The definition of what has been called the “Condition or Deterioration” Limit state (CLS or DLS). The paper explains these aspects and chloride penetration is illustrated as a case example.
An extended universal morphological model for concrete mode‐I fracture: Formulations and preliminary verifications
Authors: Li Dong , S.Hejazi S.M.Ali , Jin Liu , Du Xiuli 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to develop a systematic meso‐level theoretical modeling approach for analyzing the mode‐I fracture failure behaviors of concrete. Firstly, the crack model is developed in a way to be equivalent to the continuum model at the macro‐level. Secondly, an extended universal morphological model (XUMM) for concrete mode‐I fracture analysis is proposed at the meso‐level. Afterwards, both the mesoscopic fracture characteristics and the macroscopic mechanical parameters of concrete are theoretically deduced based on the proposed XUMM. Comparison with existing meso‐level test results shows that the predictions from the XUMM have good consistency, but offsets are obvious as well. At last, the XUMM is calibrated using the limit state method and preliminarily verified via mesoscale numerical simulations.
A Visual Support Tool for Decision-Making over Federated Building Information
Authors: Donkers Alex , Yang Dujuan , de Vries Bauke , Baken Nico 
Published: July 2023

AbstractInterconnecting building information on multiple scales and lifecycle stages enables designers to improve their decision-making and tackle ecological, societal, and economical challenges. However, this information is often generated in different software tools, saved in different file formats, using a stakeholder’s own domain language, and is stored in decentral storage locations. This paper presents a tool that integrates data from different stakeholders into a single viewpoint. The tool – LBDviz – combines a browser-based IFC viewer and semantic web technologies to combine geometry with other data that falls outside the scope of the IFC schema. The tool is tested in multiple case studies. These case studies range from requirement checking during the design phase, generating design feedback during the operational phase, and maintaining building performance in a sustainable and economically viable manner. The results of these studies can be reused in future designs, stimulating a more circular design process. The method used in LBDviz enables the interconnection of data within and without the architectural design domain and reduces data interoperability challenges in many lifecycle phases of a construction project.
Digitale Teilhabe in der Hochaltrigkeit
Authors: Reissmann Marcella , Oswald Veronica , Zank Susanne , Tesch-Römer Clemens 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungZwischen November 2020 und April 2021 wurde im Rahmen der bundesweit repräsentativen Studie „Hohes Alter in Deutschland“ eine schriftliche Befragung von mehr als 10.000 Personen ab 80 Jahren zu deren Lebenssituation und Lebensqualität durchgeführt. Hiervon beantworteten 3233 Personen bis Dezember 2021 in einem zusätzlichen telefonischen Interview detaillierte Fragen zu ihrer Internet- und Techniknutzung. Auf dieser Grundlage stellt der vorliegende Kurzbericht dar, wie hochaltrige Menschen in Deutschland moderner Technik wie dem Internet und digitalen Geräten gegenüber eingestellt sind und ob, wie häufig und wofür sie diese nutzen.