bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of bismuth‐doped fibers used in O‐band optical amplifiers‐scientific challenges and outlook
Authors: Luo Jiawei , Mikhailov Vitaly , Windeler Robert , Inniss Daryl , DiGiovanni David 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBismuth‐doped phosphosilicate fibers have become the most promising gain medium for O‐band amplifiers. Yet scientific challenges on understanding the nature of bismuth active centers (BACs), mechanisms of bismuth cluster formation in the phosphosilicate glass network still exist. It is likely that multiple BACs with different oxidation states in different structural sites all contribute to the broad, nonsymmetric luminescence and gain spectra. Due to the progress in the fundamental understanding of bismuth‐doped phosphosilicate glass, various designs of optical amplifiers with decent performances have been demonstrated.
Determinants of livelihood diversification and gender‐inclusive strategies in forestry analysis
Authors: Saha Debolina , Agarwalla Shradha 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRestrictions on the collection of forest products to preserve the natural environment often affect the livelihood of forest‐fringe dwellers. This paper is an attempt to evaluate the existing and potential livelihood opportunities of the forest dwellers who use various forest products for daily consumption in the regions surrounded by Simlipal National Park in India. The study uses Herfindahl–Hirschman Index to score livelihood diversification at the household level. A regression analysis was used to determine the key factors responsible for livelihood diversification. Women of Simlipal have a high potential to manage forest resources along with their daily household chores. But their efforts are undermined and their work often remains unpaid. The present study explores how empowerment of women in terms of both access and control over resources might add to livelihood diversification. With the help of a strength‐weakness‐opportunity‐threat analysis, the study establishes if the strength and opportunities of women are focused in a positive direction through gender‐inclusive development policies, then women's involvement would support livelihood, and also in maintaining ecological integrity.
Untangling the factors influencing finger millet production: Evidence from the Indian states
Authors: Swain Partha Sarathi , Mohanty B. B. , Pradhan Ashis Kumar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOur study focuses on the effect of agro‐based factors and human development indicators on the production of finger millet in eight states of India. Departing from the past studies, we employed the common and dynamic common correlated effects model, and our findings showed that the past year's finger millet production, productivity, area under finger millet production, rainfall and human development indicators positively influenced the finger millet production among the eight Indian states. The variable crop diversification has no impact on the production of finger millet. Overall result indicates the prominent role of human development assisting in the promotion of finger millet production. The empirical findings suggest corrective government policies in order to boost the overall production and consumption of finger millet at the macro level.
Serious gaming for better cooperation in flood defence asset management
Authors: den Heijer Frank , Podt Maarten , Bosch‐Rekveldt Marian , de Leeuw Annemargreet , Rijke Jeroen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFlood defences are often situated in public spaces and are mostly multi‐functional, multi‐financed and multi‐managed. Cooperation in flood defence asset management is important because roles and responsibilities are fragmented within and between organisations. This complex context calls for mutual understanding from responsible role‐holders. Research has shown that serious games are instrumental to reflect situations in which technical and social complexity both play a role. Serious games motivate participants to learn and to change the way they learn. This paper presents the development, application, and results of a serious game ‘Dike Dilemmas Under Pressure' that aims to create better mutual understanding between actors in flood defence asset management. The game was played with 67 professionals that fulfil a diversity of roles related to flood defence asset management in the Netherlands. The analysis of the results in this paper clearly shows different preferred cooperative attitudes between different groups of role‐holders and indicates potential misperceptions. The game participants were enthusiastic about the insights gained. They indicated that it helped them to recognise the broad variety of asset management dilemmas and become aware of their own cooperative attitudes and those of their colleagues towards dealing with these dilemmas. Future application of the game is recommended to monitor the cooperative attitudes of professionals in flood defence and to support the development of teams.
Nurse specialist and ostomy patient: Competence and skills in the care pathway. A scoping review
Authors: Panattoni Nicolò , Mariani Riccardo , Spano Alessandro , Leo Aurora De , Iacorossi Laura , Petrone Fabrizio , Simone Emanuele Di 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo summarise the evidence published to date regarding nursing core competence in stoma care of any type of ostomy throughout the patient's ostomy surgery candidate care pathway from preoperative to follow‐up.BackgroundNurses should play a key role in all ostomy patient care pathways to help them to adapt to the new physics and psychological conditions from the preoperative phases to the prevention of tardive stomal complications.DesignScoping review.MethodsThis scoping review was conducted following the methodological framework proposed by Arskey and O'Malley, following the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis for Scoping Review. PRISMA‐ScR Checklist is included in the manuscript. The following databases were queried: PubMed, EMBASE and CINAHL, from August to October 2022.ResultsThe search strategy in the consulted databases identified 3144 studies. Different types of ostomies were found and investigated: tracheostomy, gastrostomy, jejunostomy, ileostomy, colostomy and urostomy. The results of the included studies helped address the objective that allowed the ostomatherapy skills to be broken down into the different periods of the care pathway.ConclusionCaring for an ostomy patient requires advanced skills and a trusting relationship. The skills outlined in this research suggest how essential the stoma care nurse specialist is in these patients' care.
Association of endometrial polyps with STC‐1 and STC‐2 in infertile patients
Authors: Kayacık Günday Özlem , Fırat Fatma , Yalçın Gülsüm Şeyma , Yılmazer Mehmet 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to evaluate the impact of endometrial polyps (EPs) on the endometrium of patients with unexplained infertility using stanniocalcin‐1 and ‐2 proteins (STC), whose effects on endometrial receptivity have been reported recently.Materials and MethodsA case–control study was performed, consisting of 26 patients who underwent endometrial sampling for diagnosis and/or treatment and diagnosed with EP on biopsy and/or excision material, and 23 patients with normal endometrial findings in the pathology, for a total of 49 patients with unexplained infertility. An immunohistochemistry examination was performed on paraffin‐embedded tissue samples from both groups to understand whether there was a relationship between EP and STC. Staining results of the polyp and control groups for STC‐1 and STC‐2 were compared, and it was investigated whether STCs were predictive for EP.ResultsIn the comparison performed between the H‐score evaluation results of the control and polyp groups after the immunohistochemical staining method, the staining in the polyp group was significantly higher for both STC‐1 (p < 0.001) and STC‐2 (p < 0.001). There was more staining with STC‐1 than STC‐2 in all groups (STC‐1: 15.08; STC‐2: 8.27; p < 0.05). In the logistic regression analysis established with STC‐1, STC‐2, and age, the predictive effect of STC‐1 for EP was statistically significant (p = 0.040; odds ratio: 1.66; 95% confidence interval: 1.02–2.68). In EP, according to receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, area under the curve was 0.980 (likelihood ratio: 20.35; p < 0.05), and the cut‐off value was 18 for STC‐1.ConclusionIn infertile patients, since STC‐1, which affects endometrial receptivity, is found to be significantly higher in polyps and has a predictive effect on polyps, in patients with unexplained infertility, routine uterine cavity evaluation and routine excision of polypoid lesions detected during this period may have a positive effect on endometrial receptivity.
Benign ureteral obstruction in cats: Outcome with medical management
Authors: Merindol Isabelle , Vachon Catherine , Juette Tristan , Dunn Marilyn 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundLimited information is available regarding the outcome of medical management (MM) of benign ureteral obstruction in cats (BUO).HypothesisDescribe clinical characteristics and outcome of MM of BUO.AnimalsSeventy‐two client‐owned cats with 103 obstructed kidneys.MethodsMedical records of cats diagnosed with BUO between 2010 and 2021 that received >72 hours of MM were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical data, treatment, and outcome were reviewed. Outcome was classified as success, partial success, or failure based on ultrasound findings. Factors associated with outcome were assessed.ResultsSeventy‐two cats with 103 obstructed kidneys were enrolled. The causes of obstruction were uroliths in 73% (75/103), strictures in 13.5% (14/103), and pyonephrosis in 13.5% (14/103) of affected kidneys. Median serum creatinine concentration at presentation was 4.01 mg/dL (range, 1.30‐21.3 mg/dL). Outcome after MM was considered a success in 30% (31/103), partial success in 13% (13/103), and failure in 57% (59/103) of kidneys. Success was reported in 23% (17/75) of kidneys with uroliths, 50% (7/14) with pyonephrosis, and 50% (7/14) with strictures. Median time to a successful outcome was 16 days (range, 3‐115 days). Distal and smaller uroliths (median length, 1.85 mm) were significantly associated with success (P = .05 and P = .01, respectively). Median survival times were 1188 days (range, 60‐1700 days), 518 days (range, 7‐1812 days), and 234 days (range, 4‐3494 days) for success, partial success, and failure, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceWe found a higher success rate for MM of BUO than previously reported. Smaller distal uroliths (<1‐2 mm) were more likely to pass.
A qualitative analysis of stigmatizing language in birth admission clinical notes
Authors: Barcelona Veronica , Scharp Danielle , Idnay Betina R. , Moen Hans , Goffman Dena , Cato Kenrick , Topaz Maxim 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe presence of stigmatizing language in the electronic health record (EHR) has been used to measure implicit biases that underlie health inequities. The purpose of this study was to identify the presence of stigmatizing language in the clinical notes of pregnant people during the birth admission. We conducted a qualitative analysis on N = 1117 birth admission EHR notes from two urban hospitals in 2017. We identified stigmatizing language categories, such as Disapproval (39.3%), Questioning patient credibility (37.7%), Difficult patient (21.3%), Stereotyping (1.6%), and Unilateral decisions (1.6%) in 61 notes (5.4%). We also defined a new stigmatizing language category indicating Power/privilege. This was present in 37 notes (3.3%) and signaled approval of social status, upholding a hierarchy of bias. The stigmatizing language was most frequently identified in birth admission triage notes (16%) and least frequently in social work initial assessments (13.7%). We found that clinicians from various disciplines recorded stigmatizing language in the medical records of birthing people. This language was used to question birthing people's credibility and convey disapproval of decision‐making abilities for themselves or their newborns. We reported a Power/privilege language bias in the inconsistent documentation of traits considered favorable for patient outcomes (e.g., employment status). Future work on stigmatizing language may inform tailored interventions to improve perinatal outcomes for all birthing people and their families.
Effects of curcumin supplementation on quality of porcine spermatozoa irradiated with ultraviolet‐C at 228 nm during liquid preservation
Authors: Nagahara Megumi , Namula Zhao , Lin Qingyi , Takebayashi Koki , Torigoe Nanaka , Liu Bin , Aihara Mutsumi , Nii Masahiro , Otoi Takeshige 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIt is important to prevent microbial contamination during liquid preservation of semen in pigs. We examined the effects of curcumin supplementation on the quality of porcine spermatozoa irradiated with ultraviolet‐C (UV‐C) at 228 nm. UV‐C is used to disinfect gases and solid surfaces. In the first experiment, porcine semen was preserved with 0, 10, 25, 50 or 100 μM curcumin under UV‐C irradiation at 228 nm for 7 days at 15°C. The irradiation did not affect the motility and viability of preserved spermatozoa but decreased the percentage of plasma membrane integrity of spermatozoa. Curcumin supplementation at 25 μM significantly improved the plasma membrane and acrosome integrity of irradiated spermatozoa compared with spermatozoa preserved without curcumin (p < .05). In the second experiment, semen was preserved with or without 25 μM curcumin with UV‐C irradiation at 228 or 260 nm for 3 days at 15°C. Curcumin supplementation increased the percentages of total motility, sperm viability and plasma membrane integrity of preserved spermatozoa at both irradiation wavelengths (p < .05). All quality parameters of 260 nm irradiated spermatozoa decreased compared to those of the other groups, irrespective of curcumin supplementation. The collective findings indicate that porcine spermatozoa can retain their viability even after continuous long‐duration irradiation with 228 nm UV‐C. Curcumin supplementation improves the quality of UV‐C irradiated spermatozoa during semen preservation.
Foodborne disease outbreaks in flour and flour‐based food products from microbial pathogens in the United States, and their health economic burden
Authors: Rahman Rubait , Scharff Robert L. , Wu Felicia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe most comprehensive and inclusive estimates for the economic burden of foodborne illness yield values as high as $97.4 billion USD annually. However, broad incidence and cost estimates have limited use if they cannot be attributed to specific foods, for the purposes of food safety control. In this study, we estimated the economic burden of foodborne illnesses resulting from flour and flour‐based food products in the United States from the years 2001 to 2021. The outbreak, illness burden, and health economic data are combined to generate these estimates. Our model combined outbreak data with published Centers for Disease Control and Prevention multipliers to estimate the annual number of illnesses associated with flour‐borne pathogens. We then integrated illness severity data with an updated economic model that accounts for costs related to medical care, productivity loss, loss of life, along with the quality of life loss that entails pain and suffering. In total, 752 cases and 223 hospitalizations from flour‐related illnesses were reported from 2001 to 2021, with an average of 37.6 cases of reported cases annually. However, the actual number of cases, accounting for underreporting and underdiagnosis, can be as high as 19,440 annually. Pathogens involved in these outbreaks are Salmonella, E. coli O157:H7, and E. coli O121. Our estimates suggest average annual economic losses, including healthy years of life lost, of $108 and $258 million using two alternative models.
Impact of time‐restricted feeding on kidney injury in male rats with experimental metabolic syndrome
Authors: Harishkumar Rajendran , Baranda‐Alonso Eva M. , Martin William P. , Docherty Neil G. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDisruptions to circadian rhythm may be implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (Met‐S). For example, eating during an extended period of the day may negatively impact the circadian rhythms governing metabolic control, contributing, therefore, to Met‐S and associated end‐organ damage. Accordingly, time‐restricted eating (TRE)/feeding (TRF) is gaining popularity as a dietary intervention for the treatment and prevention of Met‐S. To date, no studies have specifically examined the impact of TRE/TRF on the renal consequences of Met‐S. The proposed study seeks to use a model of experimental Met‐S‐associated kidney disease to address this knowledge gap, disambiguating therein the effects of calorie restriction from the timing of food intake. Spontaneously hypertensive rats will consume a high‐fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks and then be allocated by stratified randomisation according to albuminuria to one of three groups. Rats will have free 24‐h access to HFD (Group A), access to HFD during the scheduled hours of darkness (Group B) or access to HFD provided in the form of two rations, one provided during the light phase and one provided during the dark phase, equivalent overall in quantity to that consumed by rats in Group B (Group C). The primary outcome measure will be a change in albuminuria. Changes in food intake, body weight, blood pressure, glucose tolerance, fasting plasma insulin, urinary excretion of C‐peptide and renal injury biomarkers, liver and kidney histopathology and inflammation, and fibrosis‐related renal gene expression will be assessed as secondary outcomes.
An Entropy Dynamics Approach for Deriving and Applying Fractal and Fractional Order Viscoelasticity to Elastomers
Authors: Pahari Basanta R. , Stanisauskis Eugenia , Mashayekhi Somayeh , Oates William 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Entropy dynamics is a Bayesian inference methodology that can be used to quantify time-dependent posterior probability densities that guide the development of complex material models using information theory. Here, we expand its application to non-Gaussian processes to evaluate how fractal structure can influence fractional hyperelasticity and viscoelasticity in elastomers. We investigate how kinematic constraints on fractal polymer network deformation influences the form of hyperelastic constitutive behavior and viscoelasticity in soft materials such as dielectric elastomers, which have applications in the development of adaptive structures. The modeling framework is validated on two dielectric elastomers, VHB 4910 and 4949, over a broad range of stretch rates. It is shown that local fractal time derivatives are equally effective at predicting viscoelasticity in these materials in comparison to nonlocal fractional time derivatives under constant stretch rates. We describe the origin of this accuracy that has implications for simulating large-scale problems such as finite element analysis given the differences in computational efficiency of nonlocal fractional derivatives versus local fractal derivatives.
Manufacturing-Cost-Driven Topology Optimization of Welded Frame Structures
Authors: Gu Hongye , Smith Hollis , Norato Julián A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This work presents a method for the topology optimization of welded frame structures to minimize the manufacturing cost. The structures considered here consist of assemblies of geometric primitives such as bars and plates that are common in welded frame construction. A geometry projection technique is used to map the primitives onto a continuous density field that is subsequently used to interpolate material properties. As in density-based topology optimization techniques, the ensuing ersatz material is used to perform the structural analysis on a fixed mesh, thereby circumventing the need for re-meshing upon design changes. The distinct advantage of the representation by geometric primitives is the ease of computation of the manufacturing cost in terms of the design parameters, while the geometry projection facilitates the analysis within a continuous design region. The proposed method is demonstrated via the manufacturing-cost-minimization subject to a displacement constraint of 2D bar, 3D bar, and plate structures.
Highly multicolored light-emitting arrays for compressive spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Vivian , Uddin Shiekh Zia , Park Junho , Javey Ali 
Published: April 2023

Miniaturized, multicolored light-emitting device arrays are promising for applications in sensing, imaging, computing, and more, but the range of emission colors achievable by a conventional light-emitting diode is limited by material or device constraints. In this work, we demonstrate a highly multicolored light-emitting array with 49 different, individually addressable colors on a single chip. The array consists of pulsed-driven metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors, which generate electroluminescence from microdispensed materials spanning a diverse range of colors and spectral shapes, enabling facile generation of arbitrary light spectra across a broad wavelength range (400 to 1400 nm). When combined with compressive reconstruction algorithms, these arrays can be used to perform spectroscopic measurements in a compact manner without diffractive optics. As an example, we demonstrate microscale spectral imaging of samples using a multiplexed electroluminescent array in conjunction with a monochrome camera.
Association of rurality and identifying as black with receipt of specialty care among patients hospitalized with a diabetic foot ulcer: a Medicare cohort study
Authors: Taylor Lindsay , Gangnon Ronald , Powell W Ryan , Kramer Joseph , Kind Amy J H , Bartels Christie M , Brennan Meghan B 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionRural patients with diabetic foot ulcers, especially those identifying as black, face increased risk of major amputation. Specialty care can reduce this risk. However, care disparities might beget outcome disparities. We aimed to determine whether a smaller proportion of rural patients, particularly those identifying as black, receive specialty care compared with the national proportion.Research design and methodsThis 100% national retrospective cohort examined Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized with diabetic foot ulcers (2013–2014). We report observed differences in specialty care, including: endocrinology, infectious disease, orthopedic surgery, plastic surgery, podiatry, or vascular surgery. We used logistic regression to examine possible intersectionality between rurality and race, controlling for sociodemographics, comorbidities, and ulcer severity and including an interaction term between rurality and identifying as black.ResultsOverall, 32.15% (n=124 487) of patients hospitalized with a diabetic foot ulcer received specialty care. Among rural patients (n=13 100), the proportion decreased to 29.57%. For patients identifying as black (n=21 649), the proportion was 33.08%. Among rural patients identifying as black (n=1239), 26.23% received specialty care. This was >5 absolute percentage points less than the overall cohort. The adjusted OR for receiving specialty care among rural versus urban patients identifying as black was 0.61 (95% CI 0.53 to 0.71), which was lower than that for rural versus urban patients identifying as white (aOR 0.85, 95% CI 0.80 to 0.89). This metric supported a role for intersectionality between rurality and identifying as black.ConclusionsA smaller proportion of rural patients, particularly those identifying as black, received specialty care when hospitalized with a diabetic foot ulcer compared with the overall cohort. This might contribute to known disparities in major amputations. Future studies are needed to determine causality.