bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate data uncertainty for agricultural impact assessments in West Africa
Authors: Romanovska Paula , Gleixner Stephanie , Gornott Christoph 
Published: March 2023

AbstractReliable information on climate impacts can support planning processes to make the agricultural sector—which has cascading effects on food security, livelihoods and the security situation—more resilient. Subsequently, uncertainties in past and future climate data need to be decreased and better understood. In this study, we analysed the quality and limitations of different past and future climate data sets to be used for agricultural impact assessments in West Africa. The high differences between the three analysed past climate data sets underline the high observational uncertainty in West Africa and show the influence of selecting the observational data set for the bias-adjustment of climate model data. The ten CMIP6 (Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 6) models show regional and model-dependent biases with similar systematic biases as have been observed in earlier CMIP versions. Although the bias-adjusted version of this data (ISIMIP3b—Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project) aligns overall well with observations, we could detect some regional strong deviations from observations for some agroclimatological indices. The use of the multi-model ensemble mean has resulted in an improved agreement of CMIP6 and the bias-adjusted ISIMIP3b data with observations. Choosing a sub-ensemble of bias-adjusted models could only improve the performance of the ensemble mean locally but not over the whole region. Therefore, our results suggest the use of the whole model ensemble for agricultural impact assessments in West Africa. While averaging the impact results over all climate models can serve as a best guess, the spread of the results over all models should be considered to give insights into the uncertainties. This study can support agricultural impact modelling in quantifying climate risk hotspots as well as suggesting suitable adaptation measures to increase the resilience of the agricultural sector in West Africa.
Clinico-epidemiological survey of feline parvovirus circulating in three Egyptian provinces from 2020 to 2021
Authors: Abdel-Baky Mohamed M.M. , El-Khabaz Khaled A.S. , Abdelbaset Abdelbaset E. , Hamed Maha I. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFeline parvovirus infection, caused by feline parvovirus and canine parvovirus 2, is a highly contagious, life-threatening disease affecting cats. The available epidemiological data on parvovirus infection in cats in Egypt is limited. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to provide data concerning the epidemiological profile of cats infected with parvovirus, including the prevalence of parvovirus infection in cats in three Egyptian provinces (Sohag, Assiut, and Cairo) and the associated risk factors. Using rapid antigen tests of fecal samples and conventional PCR, the overall prevalence of parvovirus infection in cats was found to be 35% (35/100) and 43% (43/100), respectively. Anorexia, bloody diarrhea, severe dehydration, hypothermia, and vomiting were the most common clinical findings significantly associated with parvovirus-infected cats. The geographical location (Sohag) and the season (winter) were both statistically significant risk factors for parvovirus infection. These findings indicate that parvoviruses are circulating in different regions of Egypt. Our study provides baseline epidemiological data for future preventive and control measures against parvovirus infection, as well as highlighting the need for future genomic surveillance studies involving a large study population from various parts of Egypt in order to better shape the epidemiological picture of parvovirus infection.
Code Red for Humanity: The Role of Business Ethics as We Transgress Planetary Thresholds
Authors: Nilsen Heidi Rapp 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe urgency of the ecological crisis, described as a ‘code red for humanity’, is also a call to the business ethics community to work even harder for a safe space for humanity. This commentary suggests two specific domains of engagement, with the aim of having more impact in mitigating the ecological crisis: (1) the empirical fact of non-negotiable biophysical thresholds to convey the status and severity of the crisis, and (2) the need for strong laws and regulations—and compliance with these—to guide the aggregated economic activity away from further transgressing biophysical thresholds. Traditionally, business ethics focusses on why and how business can contribute beyond compliance with laws and regulations. By engaging more explicitly with the other two domains, our business ethics community can contribute to distinguish between which are value discussions and which are not, and to the necessity and legitimacy of laws and regulations. This text is a proposal on how we can use business ethics, hence the form of a commentary.
Environmental assessment of a new building envelope material derived from urban agriculture wastes: the case of the tomato plants stems
Authors: Llorach-Massana Pere , Cirrincione Laura , Sierra-Perez Jorge , Scaccianoce Gianluca , La Gennusa Maria , Peña Javier , Rieradevall Joan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Decarbonizing cities is one of today’s biggest challenges. In this regard, particular attention has been paid on improving the environmental performance of buildings. In this framework, this work consists in assessing the environmental impact of an innovative building envelope component derived from urban agriculture (UA) wastes. In fact, rooftop UA seems to be a possible solution to the rising food demand due to increasing urban demographic growth. Consequently, rooftop UA wastes need to be treated in sustainable ways.

Methods
This study aims to determine the carbon footprint and embodied energy of a new infill wall material, derived from UA wastes produced by a building rooftop greenhouse tomato crop, and evaluate the potential biogenic carbon that such by-product could fix temporally until its end of life. After an initial description of the manufacturing process of the new material, its carbon footprint and embodied energy have been calculated by means of the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology according to the ISO 14044 and the ISO 14067 guidelines adapted to the analyzed context. In particular, the inventory analysis is based on data collected from the production of samples of the new material at the laboratory scale.

Results and discussion
The results of the LCA indicate that, when the biogenic carbon fixed in the UA wastes is considered, a negative carbon footprint of − 0.2 kg CO2 eq. per kg of material can be obtained. Hence, it can be assumed that from a life cycle perspective the material is able to fix carbon emissions instead of emitting them. Specifically, for the considered scenario, approximately 0.42 kg CO2 eq./m2 per year could be sequestered. However, the crop area required to produce enough waste to manufacture a unit of material is quite high. Therefore, future studies should focus on individuate solutions to reduce the density of the new component, and also different urban crops with higher waste production rates.

Conclusions
The outcomes of the study put in evidence the potential of the new proposed infill wall component in fixing carbon emissions from UA, allowing to also compensate those relating to the production and transportation stages of the component life cycle. Moreover, producing by-products with UA wastes, hence temporally storing the carbon fixed by crops, may contribute to reduce the carbon cycles speed conversely to traditional waste management solutions, other than lower new raw materials depletion.
Stronger Athlete Identity Is a Risk Factor for More Severe Depressive Symptoms After Musculoskeletal Injury in Pediatric Athletes: a Systematic Review
Authors: Park Anna L. , Furie Kira , Wong Stephanie E. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Treatment for musculoskeletal sports injuries often neglects the psychological components of health and recovery. Pediatric patients require particular consideration of their psychosocial and cognitive development. This systematic review investigates the effects of musculoskeletal injury on mental health in pediatric athletes.

Recent Findings
Athlete identity may increase in adolescence and is associated with worse mental health post-injury. Psychological models suggest loss of identity, uncertainty, and fear mediate the association between injury and symptoms of anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and obsessive–compulsive disorder. Fear, identity, and uncertainty also influence return to sport.

Summary
In the reviewed literature, there were 19 psychological screening tools and 8 different physical health measures with various adaptations to athlete developmental level. In pediatric patients, no interventions were studied to reduce the psychosocial impacts of injury. Musculoskeletal injury is associated with worse mental health in pediatric athletes, and stronger athlete identity is a risk factor for the development of depressive symptoms. Psychological interventions that reduce uncertainty and address fear may help mitigate these risks. More research is needed on screening and interventions to improve mental health post-injury.
Advanced manufacturing concept of a bio-inspired reaction wheel rotor for small- and medium-sized constellation satellites
Authors: Kaiser Nils , Goossens Nils , Jimenez Ane , Laraudogoitia Ignacio , Psarras Spyridon , Tsantzalis Stavros 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe increasing number of constellation satellites requires re-thinking of the design and manufacturing process for reaction wheel rotors. Mass optimisation of reaction wheel rotors leads to cost reduction and performance increase. Those optimisations can be realised by taking ideas from nature. Therefore, design principles of diatoms were screened, abstracted and implemented in an algorithm-based design process. In this way, a bio-inspired rotor was created, which considers launch and in-operation loads, is capable of up to 7500 RPM and shows a compact design with a diameter of $$282\,\text {mm}$$

282

mm

. Regarding mechanical performance, an energy density of $$4661\,\text {J kg}^{-1}$$

4661

J

kg

-
1

and a mass moment of inertia ratio of 0.7584, which considers the component and an idealized design, could be achieved. Compared to a commercial rotor, this is equivalent to a similar inertia ratio and +85 % energy density, but +44 % mass due to manufacturing restrictions. Based on different boundary conditions, different first natural frequency for launch and operation conditions were obtained ($$658\,\text {Hz}$$

658

Hz

and $$210\,\text {Hz}$$

210

Hz

). The new design was cast from nano-reinforced aluminium alloy (AlSi10Mg + Al2O3) in 3D-printed sand moulds that were produced via binder-jetting process. Thus, a hybrid manufacturing process was used, by combining additive manufacturing and casting. Post-processing of the cast part via turning and milling was performed to compensate distortion and achieve the required surface quality. Preliminary vibration measurements were performed, showing a large need for balancing to achieve low vibration emissions.
Therapeutic Supports for Neurodiverse Children Who Have Experienced Interpersonal Trauma: a Scoping Review
Authors: Kalisch Lauren A. , Lawrence Katherine A. , Baud Jessie , Spencer-Smith Megan , Ure Alexandra 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis review examined the therapeutic support literature for children with autism and/or an intellectual disability who have experienced interpersonal trauma. We captured studies that implemented a therapeutic support with this population and synthesised articles that made clinical practice recommendations. Fifty-two relevant articles were identified, and four patterns were uncovered. First, primary studies in this research domain are scant, diffuse, and largely lacking in methodological consistency. Second, the literature favoured therapeutic supports that relied less on verbal skills and/or demanded a high cognitive load. Further, parent/caregiver involvement was repeatedly emphasised. Finally, methods of therapeutic support delivery appeared consistent with the broader neurodevelopmental literature. Overall, these results provide an important first step toward establishing best practice for supporting these vulnerable children.
Secundum Naturam Vivere: Stoic Thoughts of Greco-Roman Antiquity on Nature and Their Relation to the Concepts of Sustainability, Frugality, and Environmental Protection in the Anthropocene
Authors: Müller Hendrik 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper wants to shed light on the way the philosophical school of Stoicsm in Greco-Roman antiquity has dealt with the relationship of men and nature by pointing out to some of the key texts in which these issues are mentioned. Although the modern concept of sustainability or environmental protection did not really exist in antiquity, the Stoa was convinced that individual decisions had a direct impact on this world. Following the concept of environmental humanities, the ancient texts and authors are collected as historical ideas of the multifaceted interactions between nature and men that can be fruitfully mirrored with the arguments of the current Anthropocene discourse and its focus on (post)industrialism. By doing so we might come across helpful approaches deeply rooted in our cultural heritage that we could possibly adopt and find practical answers for our age in terms of individual behaviour as well as management decisions to face the ecological and social challenges ahead.
Study on the slip characteristics of rock inhomogeneous friction interface
Authors: Wang Pengyu , Yang Tianjiao , Wang Shuhong , Liu Huan , Zhang Ze 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTheory assumes that the friction along the discontinuous interface is uniform, and the selection of uniform distribution of friction resistance along the interface is a simplification of the actual physical process. This assumption leads to unsafe design. Therefore, the numerical simulation and experimental methods are used to study the slip of the discontinuous interface with non-uniform friction. This study used a numerical model comprised of two blocks with completely matching contact interfaces. The friction coefficient of one part of the contact surface differed from that of the other, resulting in a non-uniform friction interface. The model was simulated under biaxial compression. First, a normal load of 3 MPa was applied, followed by a shear load until the contact interface slipped. The initiation and propagation of slippage at the contact interface and the changes in the stress field at the slippage contact interface were monitored. The slip started from the area with low frictional strength and gradually expanded to the area with high frictional strength with increasing shear load. The transfer of the slip from an interface with a small friction coefficient to a high friction strength resulted in stress concentration at the interface of the non-uniform friction interface. Engraving using an engraving machine produces a discontinuous interface in which one part of the interface has high friction strength, whereas the other part has low friction strength. The shear load is applied using a shear instrument to cause the discontinuous interface to slip. At the same time, DIC monitored the displacement of the discontinuous interface. The comparison found that the rule of the experimental results is the same as that of the numerical simulation. Reinforcement measures (enhanced friction strength) for areas with low friction strength can effectively prevent slip damage. Based on the distribution of shear stiffness of the rock discontinuous interface, the friction properties of the entire fracture interface can be obtained to accurately identify areas with low frictional strength, and targeted reinforcement measures should be carried out to prevent slip damage.
Effect of the Interaction between Wood Vinegar and Biochar Feedstock on Tomato Plants
Authors: Idowu Olusegun , Ndede Elizaphan O. , Kurebito Soboda , Tokunari Takeo , Jindo Keiji 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This study investigated the effect of the interaction between wood vinegar and biochar feedstock on total biomass, fruit weight (yield), and sugar content of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.). An experiment was conducted in two locations with six different biochar types produced from either plant or animal feedstock. Each biochar was incorporated into soil (1:2500 g/g) along with chemical fertilizer. Wood vinegar was diluted with water (1:200 mL) and applied once weekly for the vinegar treatment. Biochar application resulted in a higher yield and biomass of the chicken manure biochar owing to its high ammonium-nitrogen content. Vinegar application increased the yields of the plant feedstock, which was particularly evident for most of the yield parameters with the bamboo biochar. Regardless of treatment, yield and biomass were not significantly different between the animal and plant feedstock. The sugar content was higher for the chicken manure and animal litter biochar, which was attributed to better pH conditions. The combination of plant feedstock biochar and vinegar application for improving the yield of tomatoes is promising. In contrast, vinegar application could potentially limit the yield and fruit sugar content of tomato plants treated with animal feedstock biochar.

Highlights
• The soil was amended with biochar, with or without vinegar application.
• The chicken manure biochar plants had the highest yield and biomass.
• Vinegar application increased the yield of the plant feedstock.
• Plant and animal feedstock plants had similar yield and biomass.
• The pH of the animal feedstock was better because of higher CO2 and MgO contents.
• Fruit sugar content for animal feedstock plants was better due to higher phosphorus.
Conservation of energy in the direct numerical simulation of interface-resolved multiphase flows
Authors: Valle Nicolás , Verstappen Roel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the context of deformable bubbles, surface tension produces a dynamic exchange between kinetic and surface elastic energy. This exchange of energy is relevant to bubble dynamics, like bubble induced turbulence or drag reduction. Unfortunately, the underlying physical mechanism is not exactly explained by the state-of-the-art numerical methods. In particular, the numerical violation of energy conservation results in an uncontrolled evolution of the system and yields well-known numerical pathologies. To remedy these problems, we tackle two of the most problematic terms in the numerical formulation: convection and surface tension. We identify the key mathematical identities that imply both physical conservation and numerical stability, present a semi-discretization of the problem that is fully energy preserving, and assess their stability in terms of the discrete energy contributions. Numerical experiments showcase the stability of the method and its energy evolution for stagnant and oscillating inviscid bubbles. Results show robust as well as bounded dynamics of the system, representing the expected physical mechanism.
A theoretical thrust density limit for Hall thrusters
Authors: Simmonds Jacob , Raitses Yevgeny , Smolyakov Andrei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHall Thrusters typically operate at thrust densities on the order of 10 N/m$$^2$$

2

, which appear to be orders of magnitude below the thrust density limits suggested in previous literature. These limits have been considered here and each component of thrust density is analyzed to demonstrate the relative contribution to the total thrust density. Dependencies of the thrust density limits upon the thruster geometry, electron mobility, and the applied magnetic field are revealed and compared with experimental measurements of thrust density. This analysis reveals that with conventional applied magnetic field strengths, Hall thruster thrust density appears to be on the order of 1000 N/m$$^2$$

2

. It is shown that this limit can be further increased through higher applied magnetic fields, applied voltage, and suppression of anomalous electron transport. This suggests Hall thrusters can be made much more compact and operated at higher power densities, given improvements to the thermal management and materials.
The Politics of the European Union
Authors: Lelieveldt Herman , Princen Sebastiaan 
Published: March 2023

The European Union is a key player in determining policies and politics in Europe, and yet understanding how it works remains a challenge. The Politics of the European Union introduces students to its functioning by showing the similarities and differences between the EU and national political systems. Fully revised and updated in its third edition, this introductory textbook uses the tools of comparative politics to explore the history, theories, institutions, key actors, politics and policy-making of the EU. This comparative approach enables students to apply their knowledge of domestic politics and broader debates in political science to better understand the EU. Numerous real-world examples guide students through the textbook, and chapter briefings, fact files and controversy boxes highlight the important and controversial issues in EU politics. A companion website features free 'Navigating the EU' exercises to guide students in their analysis of EU policy-making.
The impact of simultaneous shocks to financial markets and mortality on pension buy-out prices
Authors: Arık Ayşe , Uğur Ömür , Kleinow Torsten 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we determine the fair value of a pension buyout contract under the assumption that changes in mortality can have an impact on financial markets. Our proposed model allows for shocks to occur simultaneously in mortality rates and financial markets, so that strong changes in mortality rates can affect interest rates and asset prices. This approach challenges the common but very strong assumption that mortality and market risk drivers are independent. A simulation-based pricing framework is applied to determine the buyout premium for a hypothetical fully funded pension scheme. The results of an extensive sensitivity analysis show how buyout prices are affected by changes in mortality and financial markets. Surprisingly, we find that the impact of shocks is similar whether or not these shocks occur simultaneously or not, although there are some differences in annuity prices and buyout premiums. We clearly see that the intensity and severity of shocks, and asset price volatility play a dominant role for buyout prices.
Group Polarization in Board Decisions about Strategic Change: Evidence from Chinese Publicly Listed Companies (2008–2018)
Authors: Zhang Ming , Ma Xufei , Chen Weihong , Lan Hailin 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTStrategic management scholars have shown increasing interest in explaining strategic change from the perspective of cognitive bias. However, most studies focus on individual cognitive bias but pay little attention to group cognitive bias. This study introduces a typical group cognitive bias (group polarization) to explain strategic change decisions made by the board of directors. Following the theory of group polarization, we argue that, when the average prior strategic change experienced in performance decline by board directors is relatively high (or low), the focal strategic change in performance decline will become even higher (or lower). We further contend that the proportion of female directors and board versus CEO power as the contingencies can mitigate this group polarization effect. Our hypotheses were strongly supported by a longitudinal sample of Chinese publicly listed companies during 2008–2018. The study's framework and findings contribute to the contextualization of social psychology research on group polarization in the study of board's strategic decision-making.