bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(466) Declining Incidence of Acquired Gynetresia; Improved Access to Healthcare?
Authors: Idowu O C , Ifebude J E , Oluwasola T A , Arowojolu A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Acquired vaginal stenosis known as gynetresia has remained more common than the congenital type in developing countries where women engage in all manner of harmful practices including insertion of corrosives into the vagina, female genital mutilation among others.

Objective
The objectives of the study were to find out the current prevalence of acquired gynetresia, the pattern of presentation, associated risk factors, treatment modalities employed and the outcomes of such care.

Methods
A retrospective study of gynetresia (vagina stenosis) cases managed at our facility over a 20years period (2000 - 2019). The total admission over the period under study was retrieved from the hospital records department as well as indexed cases for vagina stenosis/atresia. The medical records of women managed for vagina stenosis were retrieved. Data was extracted from these records with the aid of proforma and was imputed into the IBM SPSS version 25 software and analyzed by the same software.

Results
The prevalence rate of acquired gynetresia was found to be 3/1000 gynecological admission. This is more than 50% decline from the findings of 7/1000 previously demonstrated in a 30years retrospective study done 20years earlier at the same center. Majority of cases (64%) resulted from vagina insertion of corrosives. These corrosives were prescribed or administered by traditional healers to treat uterine fibroid and/or infertility. Other causes were poorly managed birth injuries and female genital mutilation. most of them presented with narrowing of the vagina, dyspareunia with or without apareunia, amenorrhea or hypomenorrhea with associated cyclical abdominal pains. Infertility was common. The commonest form of intervention was vaginoplasty with or without skin grafting with 80-90% success characterized by restoration of satisfactory sexual and menstrual functions and some reported cases of pregnancies.

Conclusions
Acquired gynetresia though preventable remains prevalent in developing nations. Concerned authorities should intensify efforts at public education and eradication of harmful sociocultural and healthcare practices that may result in gynetresia.

Disclosure
No
(480) Whose Responsibility Is It: Examining Internet Trends to Assess Vasectomy Interest Following the Texas Heartbeat Abortion Ban
Authors: Ikedionwu I , Padhye M , Rubin D R 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
There have been record-high numbers of anti-abortion laws being pushed in the United States, and Texas has been one of the few states not to have such laws struck down. In May 2021, Texas passed the “heartbeat abortion ban” law making abortions after detection of a fetal heartbeat illegal and liable to be sued in court. The bill was enacted on September 1st of the same year. Many have investigated its effect on women, abortion clinic services, and abortion providers, yet very few have examined its impact on men.

Objective
To examine the impact of Texas’s 6-week “Heartbeat Abortion Ban” on people’s interest in vasectomies through internet searches.

Methods
Relative search volumes (RSVs) of male family planning terms – “vasectomy”, “vasectomy cost”, “vasectomy near me”, “urologist near me”, and “how to get a vasectomy”-- in Texas and the United States between 2020 and 2021 were pulled from Google Trends Analytics. The scores were populated into Excel and t-tests were run between parallel dates in 2020 and in 2021. The terms “vasectomy” and “vasectomy cost” were coded as showing general interest, and the terms “vasectomy near me”, “urologist near me”, and “how to get a vasectomy” were coded as indicative of planning and a higher degree of motivation to carry out a vasectomy.

Results
The weekly RSV average score for the term “vasectomy” and “vasectomy cost” significantly increased from 2020 to 2021 in the United States and specifically in Texas (p&lt;0.01). In 2021, the peak weekly relative search interest for “vasectomy” was from Sept 5th to 11th, almost one week after the bill was enacted. Additionally, average relative search term scores for terms indicative of carrying out a vasectomy such as “vasectomy near me”, “urologist near me”, and “how to get a vasectomy” were almost all significantly higher in 2021 than in 2020, except for “urologist near me” in Texas (p = 0.42) and “how to get a vasectomy” in the United States (p=0.13). However, none of the search terms related to carrying out a vasectomy significantly peaked within 2021 nor peaked specifically around the passing or enacting of the Texas “Heartbeat Abortion Ban” in Texas.

Conclusions
While general search trends about male family planning increased between 2020 and 2021, there was no increase in searches indicative of carrying out vasectomies surrounding the Texas abortion ban in Texas. These results paint a general stagnation and possible decline of people interested in following through with a vasectomy after Texas’s restrictive abortion law was passed and enacted. This could allude to the notion that society views contraception and family planning as a woman’s responsibility. Future studies looking at trends in vasectomy rates in regions with limitations on abortions can also be useful in understanding male involvement in family planning. Similar studies have not been conducted in the past.

Disclosure
No
(483) Predictors of Hinge Effect in Patients with Peyronie’s Disease
Authors: Roadman D , Wang V , Langbo W , Levine L 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Patients with Peyronie’s disease (PD) suffer from a variety of penile deformities including curvature, indentation, hourglass, penile shortening, as well as erectile dysfunction. The presence of a hinge effect can be appreciated at time of penile duplex evaluation as buckling or folding of the shaft when axial pressure is placed on the glans. Patients with hinge effect can experience bothersome buckling of the erection and instability during penetrative sex. The actual characteristics that cause this hinge effect and its clinical implications are not fully understood.

Objective
We aim to determine the PD factors that cause hinge effect. Furthermore, we seek to assess the role of hinge effect on subsequent surgical intervention.

Methods
Retrospective chart review was conducted on 1483 patients presenting with PD from 2016 to 2021. 1223 patients who had a complete penile duplex evaluation and hinge assessment were included for analysis. Baseline demographics, penile duplex assessment, and clinical outcomes were recorded. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess for predictors of hinge effect.

Results
Hinge effect was observed at the time of penile duplex evaluation in 33% of PD patients. The degree of indentation (1.82 OR, p &lt; 0.001), rigidity of erections (0.82 OR, p=0.002), and degree of primary curvature (1.03 OR, p &lt; 0.001) predicted presence of hinge effect. Furthermore, hinge effect greatly affected the type of surgical intervention required to correct PD deformity. Patients with presence of hinge effect were more likely to require plaque incision/excision and grafting as opposed to tunica albuginea plication in PD patients with good quality erections. When controlling for erectile rigidity, patients who underwent partial plaque excision and grafting were more likely to have hinge when measured girth discrepancy was &gt;1 cm (p &lt; 0.001). In patients requiring penile prosthesis, incision and grafting was more commonly required when hinge effect was present.

Conclusions
The presence of hinge effect can be extremely bothersome and cause instability of erections during penetrative sex. Multiple factors may predispose to a hinge effect, including quality of erection, severity of curvature. But when controlling for rigidity, a girth discrepancy of &gt;1 cm did appear to pre-dispose to a hinge. Additionally, assessment of hinge effect pre-operatively was important in terms of determining the optimal surgical intervention to correct PD deformities.

Disclosure
Any of the authors act as a consultant, employee or shareholder of an industry for: Boston Scientific
(491) Optimizing Healthcare Provider Response Rates in Sexual Dysfunction Survey Research
Authors: Jesse E , Russell R , Ramanujan S , Rhodes S , Callegari M , Prunty M , Omil-Lima D , Abou Ghayda R , Loeb A , Munarriz R , Thirumavalavan N 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Survey research is common in sexual medicine literature. Healthcare providers notoriously respond poorly to surveys. Response rates of 60% are commonly accepted by academic journals, as to minimize nonresponse bias.

Objective
We sought to identify tactics that optimize response rates in survey studies of healthcare providers on topics related to sexual dysfunction.

Methods
PubMed and Web of Science were systematically reviewed for survey studies that 1) were on topics related to sexual dysfunction, 2) utilized healthcare providers as subjects, 3) reported response rate, and 4) were written in English. Using metafor package, meta-analysis was performed to determine overall response rate. Meta-regression was performed to assess survey characteristics associated with increased response rates.

Results
Of 122 studies reviewed, 56 met inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis revealed a response rate of 41% (95% CI [35%, 47%]). Response rates were significantly higher for in-person, paper mail, or combination of paper mail plus phone call surveys, as compared to email (Table 1). Year of publication, number of questions, use of cognitive testing, monetary incentive, follow-up correspondence, and grant funding were not significantly associated with changes in response rate.

Conclusions
Response rates for healthcare provider surveys on sexual dysfunction topics are lower than commonly accepted thresholds. Email surveys achieve significantly lower response rates, as compared to other modalities.

Disclosure
No
Genomic Insights into Adaptation to Karst Limestone and Incipient Speciation in East Asian Platycarya spp. (Juglandaceae)
Authors: Cao Yu , Almeida-Silva Fabricio , Zhang Wei-Ping , Ding Ya-Mei , Bai Dan , Bai Wei-Ning , Zhang Bo-Wen , Van de Peer Yves , Zhang Da-Yong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
When challenged by similar environmental conditions, phylogenetically distant taxa often independently evolve similar traits (convergent evolution). Meanwhile, adaptation to extreme habitats might lead to divergence between taxa that are otherwise closely related. These processes have long existed in the conceptual sphere, yet molecular evidence, especially for woody perennials, is scarce. The karst endemic Platycarya longipes and its only congeneric species, Platycarya strobilacea, which is widely distributed in the mountains in East Asia, provide an ideal model for examining the molecular basis of both convergent evolution and speciation. Using chromosome-level genome assemblies of both species, and whole-genome resequencing data from 207 individuals spanning their entire distribution range, we demonstrate that P. longipes and P. strobilacea form two species-specific clades, which diverged around 2.09 million years ago. We find an excess of genomic regions exhibiting extreme interspecific differentiation, potentially due to long-term selection in P. longipes, likely contributing to the incipient speciation of the genus Platycarya. Interestingly, our results unveil underlying karst adaptation in both copies of the calcium influx channel gene TPC1 in P. longipes. TPC1 has previously been identified as a selective target in certain karst-endemic herbs, indicating a convergent adaptation to high calcium stress among karst-endemic species. Our study reveals the genic convergence of TPC1 among karst endemics and the driving forces underneath the incipient speciation of the two Platycarya lineages.
SMDB: a Spatial Multimodal Data Browser
Authors: Cao Ruifang , Ling Yunchao , Meng Jiayue , Jiang Ao , Luo Ruijin , He Qinwen , Li Anan , Chen Yujie , Zhang Zoutao , Liu Feng , Li Yixue , Zhang Guoqing 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Understanding the relationship between fine-scale spatial organization and biological function necessitates a tool that effectively combines spatial positions, morphological information, and spatial transcriptomics (ST) data. We introduce the Spatial Multimodal Data Browser (SMDB, https://www.biosino.org/smdb), a robust visualization web service for interactively exploring ST data. By integrating multimodal data, such as hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) images, gene expression-based molecular clusters, and more, SMDB facilitates the analysis of tissue composition through the dissociation of two-dimensional (2D) sections and the identification of gene expression-profiled boundaries. In a digital three-dimensional (3D) space, SMDB allows researchers to reconstruct morphology visualizations based on manually filtered spots or expand anatomical structures using high-resolution molecular subtypes. To enhance user experience, it offers customizable workspaces for interactive exploration of ST spots in tissues, providing features like smooth zooming, panning, 360-degree rotation in 3D and adjustable spot scaling. SMDB is particularly valuable in neuroscience and spatial histology studies, as it incorporates Allen's mouse brain anatomy atlas for reference in morphological research. This powerful tool provides a comprehensive and efficient solution for examining the intricate relationships between spatial morphology, and biological function in various tissues.
Biochemical and mechanistic analysis of the cleavage of branched DNA by human ANKLE1
Authors: Freeman Alasdair D J , Déclais Anne-Cécile , Wilson Timothy J , Lilley David M J 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
ANKLE1 is a nuclease that provides a final opportunity to process unresolved junctions in DNA that would otherwise create chromosomal linkages blocking cell division. It is a GIY-YIG nuclease. We have expressed an active domain of human ANKLE1 containing the GIY-YIG nuclease domain in bacteria, that is monomeric in solution and when bound to a DNA Y-junction, and unilaterally cleaves a cruciform junction. Using an AlphaFold model of the enzyme we identify the key active residues, and show that mutation of each leads to impairment of activity. There are two components in the catalytic mechanism. Cleavage rate is pH dependent, corresponding to a pKa of 6.9, suggesting an involvement of the conserved histidine in proton transfer. The reaction rate depends on the nature of the divalent cation, likely bound by glutamate and asparagine side chains, and is log-linear with the metal ion pKa. We propose that the reaction is subject to general acid-base catalysis, using a combination of tyrosine and histidine acting as general base and water directly coordinated to the metal ion as general acid. The reaction is temperature dependent; activation energy Ea = 37 kcal mol−1, suggesting that cleavage is coupled to opening of DNA in the transition state.
Chastushki
Authors: Olson Laura J. , Adonyeva Svetlana 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Chastushki are short (one stanza) rhymed folk songs declaimed or sung on a simple melody to the accompaniment of accordion or balalaika. This chapter surveys Russian, Ukrainian, and Belarusian chastushki, focusing upon their history, content, collection, poetics, musical aspects, and pragmatics (the contexts in which they are sung or declaimed and the intentions of the singers). The contexts include entertainment, courtship, competition, humor and satire, propaganda, ritual (memorializing the dead, seeing off army recruits, weddings), and remembering the past. In public, social contexts, chastushki invite a dialogue: each text can be answered by another text. The chastushka genre gives singers the chance to express their point of view and therefore to exercise power in social situations.
Social Movements under Authoritarian Regimes in Latin America
Authors: Brockett Charles D. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the vast and various Latin American experience with the confrontation between social movements and authoritarian regimes. Cases examined are selected from across the decades and the region. They are organized by a typology of authoritarian regimes types: personal dictatorships (illustrative cases of Haiti [1971–1986], Nicaragua [1967–1979], and Panama [1983–1989]); military regimes (Argentina [1966-73 and 1976-83], Brazil [1964–1985], Chile [1973–1990], Uruguay [1973-85], El Salvador [1967–1992], and Guatemala [1970–1996]); and competitive authoritarianism (Mexico [1929–2000] and contemporary Nicaragua and Venezuela). Although there are some systematic differences between authoritarian regime types in the relationship between social movements and repression, differences are not as pronounced as those that are found between cases within each type. The one constant found between cases and across regime types is that when an authoritarian regime possesses both the capacity and propensity to repress social movements it will almost always succeed. However, before long authoritarians will confront new popular mobilization efforts.
Student Movements in Latin America
Authors: Donoso Sofía 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the role that student movements have played in Latin America’s political development. It examines their impact in both the field of education and in broader political reforms. Reviewing student movements along recent Latin American history, the chapter begins with the Córdoba university reform movement and its regional influence. It then depicts the political fate of student movements in the late 1960s when protests spread across the world, and their role during the dictatorships experienced in the region. The chapter also offers an overview of contemporary student movements in Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Venezuela. Under different political circumstances and in the context of both left and right-wing governments, recent student movements in these countries have pushed not only for education reforms but also for the democratization of their countries’ political institutions. Based on this account of past and present-day student movements in Latin America, the chapter argues that they have constituted a space of ideological renewal and resistance to the various sociopolitical and economic inequalities that historically have characterized the region. Hence, understanding the political dynamics in Latin America also requires an examination of this important social actor.
Lesbian and Gay Social Movements in Latin America
Authors: Díez Jordi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Latin American lesbian and gay movements appear to be one of the most successful in the region given the speed with which they have emerged and strengthened as well as the scope of their political victories. Historically oppressed and marginalized, gays and lesbians, despite their significantly smaller size compared to other movements, have not only forced national debates on the regulation of sexuality, but, in several countries, their mobilization has resulted in the attainment of numerous rights, all in a relatively short period of time. This chapter analyzes the evolution of Latin America’s gay and lesbian movements by, first, placing it within a historical and contextual perspective. It then looks at the several factors that contributed to the making of remarkably strong and successful social movements.
Anti-Corruption Social Mobilization in Latin America
Authors: Pereyra Sebastián , Gold Tomás , Gattoni María Soledad 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the relation between social mobilization and anti-corruption in Latin America. First, it reconstructs the emergence and transnational diffusion of a strong anti-corruption and transparency consensus during the 1990s in the region. Then it analyzes the way in which corruption as a social problem was progressively incorporated into the frame of social mobilization as a significant element of criticism and confrontation with party politics. Finally, through a comparative analysis of recent large-scale anti-government demonstrations in Argentina, Brazil, Guatemala, and Peru, the chapter shows that although perceptions of corruption do not directly translate into an anti-corruption movement, the anti-corruption rhetoric has become a strategic framing for the spread of anti-government demonstrations in the region allowing: (a) a challenge to presidential figures and relevant leaders, (b) a critique of institutional politics in moral terms, and, (c) the sedimentation of specific repertoires linking anti-corruption demands to large-scale contention.
Social Movements in Latin America
Authors: Salman Ton 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis chapter sets out to warn against an overstating of the exploratory potential of “culture” to account for social movement developments, both through attributing causal effects to culture or through a reification and homogenization of culture. Subsequently, three modes in which culture should be studied in social movement research are addressed: (1) culture as an overarching, partially shared and partially subconscious set of practices and routines that orient both contenders and authorities; even if it is often hard to point down the ways such orienting effects transpire; (2) culture—often accused of being an inequality-reproducing institutionalized routine– as the issue the social movement is addressing and criticizing, like in the case of gender inequalities, theocracies, or elitism; and (3) finally the culture the movements attempts to embody and broadcast: a critical, liberating or gratifying alternative culture they actually practice in the movement form and operations. The conclusion highlights the need for cautious analyzes as culture is hardly ever the demonstrable cause for things and, moreover, usually is ambiguous, contested, and only researchable in concrete, partial instances and never as the abstraction shorthanded coined as a specific social configurations’ “culture.”
Feminist and Queer Perspectives on Latin American Social Movements
Authors: Johnson Niki , Sempol Diego 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the key theories and concepts informing feminist and queer perspectives on Latin American social movements, which result both from processes of translation and contestation of theories produced by academic research in the North, and from the development of locally grounded theoretical perspectives. The chapter first reviews some of the principal debates and concepts developed in feminist and queer theory around critiques of the public/private divide and the resulting narrowly institutionalist conceptions of the political, which constitute challenges and contributions to mainstream theorizing of social movements. It continues by reviewing how feminist and queer perspectives in research have opened up avenues for analyzing the complexities of collective identity construction and the tensions within as well as among social movements. Finally, the chapter highlights new developments in feminist and queer social and political theorizing and epistemological reflection in the region that seek to “decolonize” knowledge production.