bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of the effects of laser cutting processes on S235 structural steel
Authors: Shamlooei Majid , Zanon Gabriele , Brugnolli Marco , Bursi Oreste S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLaser cutting technology shows advantages in advanced industrial manufacturing processes due to high machining speed and precision to cut complex geometries. Nonetheless, its thermal process is characterized by complex physical mechanisms that alter material properties and the structural response of the cut element subjected to high fatigue loadings. The optimization of laser cutting parameters by cut attempts and the evaluation of the mechanical response by testing is very expensive. A 3D numerical model based on the FE method was developed to investigate the thermal effects due to the laser cutting process on mild steel S235. Due to the complexity of the process, monitored cutting processes and material tests were carried out to calibrate and validate the FE model. More precisely, temperature profiles were observed by thermal camera and thermocouples on specimens cut using different laser cutting parameters. Besides, microstructural observations on the heat affected zone were performed using microscopy and XRD methods. The proposed model was capable to simulate the laser cutting process and its results were in good agreement with the corresponding experiments in terms of temperature distribution, temperature history, and micro‐structures inside the cut specimen.
Novel bolted steel joint to improve anti‐collapse resistance of steel structure
Authors: Kozlowski Aleksander , Kukla Damian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAs a joints play a significant role in load transfer both in persistent and accidental situation an attempt to improve structural robustness under column loss situation was made. Based on previously conducted experimental tests of bolted double side steel end‐plate joints and numerical analysis a development to increase load‐capacity and rotational capacity of joints under column loss scenario was presented. Finite element method using Abaqus software with 3D numerical models were employed. Validated and complex models with geometrical and material non‐linearity with fracture simulation were applied. The application of additional double rings to bolted steel flush end‐plate joint lead to significant increase of load‐capacity and rotational‐capacity. The change of failure mode of joint were also obtained compared to the original specimen.
Remote monitoring system for an onshore steel wind turbine
Authors: Simoncelli Marco , Zucca Marco , Ghilardi Matteo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe paper presents a monitoring system applied to an existing steel tubular wind tower located in Italy, having almost 45 meters of total height. The monitoring system was comprised by strain‐gauges and thermal couples, mounted on the tower shell at 21 meters of height, and few accelerometers, located along the tower's height. The monitor system was used for two main reasons: i) to understand the nature of the resonance problem experienced by the tower and ii) to evaluate the effective stresses distribution on the shell with different rotor velocities. Finally, a debate about the extension of the life of the wind tower is proposed.
Design assisted by finite element analysis – Introduction to prEN 1993‐1‐14 and Technical Report
Authors: Dunai László , Kövesdi Balázs , Gardner Leroy , Al‐Emrani Mohammad , Casafont Miquel , Degée Herve , Jandera Michal , Kuhlmann Ulrike , Taras Andreas , Walport Fiona 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe application of design by finite element analysis (FEA) is becoming increasingly prevalent in applied engineering; however, codified provisions remain scarce. The vision of CEN/TC 250/SC 3 was to develop a new comprehensive document based on the existing provisions currently distributed throughout the different Eurocode 3 parts, and with extension where necessary to cover all fields of structural steel design. Within the development process, two documents are being prepared: (i) the code, prEN 1993‐1‐14 and (ii) a Technical Report. The new code aims to provide rules on the use of finite element analysis and other numerical methods for verifying ultimate limit states, serviceability limit states and fatigue. In parallel, the Technical Report will provide background information and explanations of all aspects of the code, as well as benchmark cases and design examples to support the correct application of the prEN1993‐1‐14 design rules and the necessary benchmarking required for model validation. The assumed stakeholders are mainly designers who can find direct guidance for design by finite element analysis in daily engineering practice. This current paper gives an overview of the new code and accompanying Technical Report, as well as the development process and harmonisation within the current Eurocode 3 framework.
Comparative study of different steel‐concrete composite shear walls
Authors: Anwaar Omer , Pepe Davide , Zanon Riccardo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHigh‐rise buildings are typically subjected to horizontal loads as wind and earthquake, therefore, to provide an adequate lateral stiffness and resistance, structural cores should be considered within the structure.For this reason, to provide alternative yet advantageous solutions, a comparison between concrete cores and composite cores for high‐rise buildings' performances is presented here. Some recent applications in US and China, indeed, showed how the steel‐concrete composite shear wall solution could give better results in terms of construction time and constructability ensuring a significant financial gain.Different ideas of composite shear walls will be presented and parameters of stiffness and resistance for each cross section will be evaluated. Thereafter, the best solutions, in terms of the abovementioned parameters and constructability, will be implemented into a real case of a building, modelled on ETABS software and compared with the original solution in reinforced concrete. In addition to highlighting the structural benefits of the proposed solution, it will be shown that the proposed solution has lower carbon footprint compared to other conventional solutions.
Comparison of seven ductile fracture initiation prediction models for stainless steel
Authors: Nambirajan Tamilselvan , Ghosh Diptarka , Kumar P C Ashwin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSeven axisymmetric notched specimens extracted from stainless steel of yield strength 450MPa are tested under monotonic loading. The numerical simulation of all seven specimens is modeled in ABAQUS CAE, and the inbuilt constitutive model is used to capture the isotropic hardening behavior. The hardening parameters are calibrated until the numerical model simulates the exact behavior of load versus elongation obtained through experiments. The calibrated numerical model is used to determine the three fracture‐predicting parameters, namely stress triaxiality (T), equivalent plastic strain (PEEQ), and Lode angle (L). These three parameters are required in developing the fracture locus of 450 MPa Indian stainless steel. In addition, the study employs seven existing fracture prediction models for fracture initiation in all seven study samples. Using the determined values of T, PEEQ, and L at the fracture initiation point from the calibrated numerical simulation, the co‐efficient of all the seven selected models is calibrated. With the mean calibrated co‐efficient of all the specimens, the balanced error for all the models is calculated. With the help of the calculated balanced error, the efficiency of all the selected models in predicting the fracture initiation point is compared. Finally, the efficient model for 450 MPa Indian stainless steel is identified in this study.
Predictive modelling and latent space exploration of steel profile overstrength factors using multi‐head autoencoder‐regressors
Authors: Kraus Michael A. , Müller Andreas , Bischof Rafael , Taras Andreas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the suitability and interpretability of a data‐driven deep learning algorithm for multi cross sectional overstrength factor prediction. For this purpose, we first compile datasets consisting of experiments from literature on the overstrength factor of circular, rectangular and square hollow sections as well as I‐ and H‐sections. We then propose a novel multi‐head encoder architecture consisting of three input heads (one head per section type represented by respective features), a shared embedding layer as well as a subsequent regression tail for predicting the overstrength factor. By construction, this multi‐head architecture simultaneously allows for (i) the exploration of the nonlinear embedding of different cross‐sectional profiles towards the overstrength factor within the shared layer, and (ii) a forward prediction of the overstrength factor given profile features. Our framework enables for the first time an exploration of cross‐section similarity w.r.t. the overstrength factor across multiple sections and hence provides new domain insights in bearing capacities of steel cross‐sections, a much wider data exploration, since the encoder‐regressor can serve as meta model predictor. We demonstrate the quality of the predictive capabilities of the model and gain new insights of the latent space of different steel sections w.r.t. the overstrength factor. Our proposed method can easily be transferred to other multi‐input problems of Scientific Machine Learning.
Web crippling behaviour of cold‐formed high‐strength steel unlipped channel beams
Authors: Kanthasamy Elilarasi , Alsanat Husam , Poologanathan Keerthan , Perampalam Gatheeshgar , Shanmuganathan Gunalan , Nagaratnam Brabha , Corradi Marco 
Published: September 2023

AbstractConstruction industries have increasingly sought to adopt Cold‐Formed Steel (CFS) sections as primary and secondary load‐carrying members. Also, the evolution of the CFS industry leads to fabrication of high strength CFS sections due to their added benefits such as higher strength‐weight ratio, most appropriate to employ in high‐rise and long‐span applications, and lesser carbon footprint. However, large width‐to‐thickness ratios of these thin‐walled beams make them vulnerable to local buckling failure, a major failure mode being web crippling when subjected to concentrated loads. The design standards predict the web crippling capacity of CFS sections according to the experimental studies conducted in previous years. Innovative concepts like the production of CFS using high‐strength materials should be examined undergoing web crippling. Therefore, the web crippling behaviour of the unlipped channel sections with material strength up to 1000 MPa under all four loading conditions: End‐Two‐Flange (ETF), Interior‐Two‐Flange (ITF), Interior‐One‐Flange (IOF) and End‐One‐Flange (EOF) was investigated in this study. Numerical simulations using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software (ABAQUS) were conducted on 972 parametric studies following proper validation. New modified equations were proposed to predict the ultimate web crippling capacity of high strength unlipped channel sections and parametric analyses were carried out among various loading conditions.
Optimization methods for the design of advanced 3d‐printed metal seismic dissipation devices
Authors: Andreacola Francesca Romana , Brando Giuseppe 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the topic of passive building protection became increasingly relevant due to the intense seismic activity in many parts of the world, often impacting densely populated areas. In the meantime, modern additive manufacturing technologies enabled the introduction of devices for structural applications that are innovative both in terms of final shape and design methods. The aim of the research project is to develop metal energy dissipation devices (dampers) from conventional geometric shapes and then direct the design towards specific performance in terms of strength, stiffness and dissipative capacity through optimization algorithms, with the aim of optimizing their function when employed as damper for the seismic protection of buildings. The subsequent removal of parts in excess of the real structural needs makes it possible to pursue important goals such as saving material, and reducing weight and costs. The proposed study illustrates the results of the first dampers designed through advanced topological and geometric optimization algorithms, implemented within the Abaqus software. The early models, designed from a spherical shape, are conceived to withstand axial stresses, simulating the load that can be transferred through a diagonal brace during an earthquake.
Tensile behaviour of welded S700 rectangular hollow section X‐joints
Authors: Yan Rui , Bamby Hagar El , Veljkovic Milan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHigh‐strength steels (HSS) have higher strength but lower ductility compared to mild steels. A material factor (Cf) and a 0.8fu restriction on the material design yield strength (fy) are stipulated to reduce the design resistance of welded HSS hollow section joints in the newest version of prEN 1993‐1‐8 (2022), given the low ductility of HSS and a limited number of experiments on welded HSS joints. However, applying the material factor and the yield strength restriction partially eliminates the benefits of using HSS, limiting its competitiveness. Besides, the type of the weld (fillet weld or butt weld), which is not distinguished in the design rules in prEN 1993‐1‐8 (2022), may influence the mechanical behaviour of the joint. Hence, in this paper, a parametric study is carried out based on the validated Gurson‐Tvergaard‐Needleman (GTN) damage model and the validated finite element (FE) model of two X‐joints in literature. The effect of two parameters, the brace width to chord width ratio (β) and the weld dimension, on the tensile behaviour of the welded S700 rectangular hollow section (RHS) X‐joint are evaluated. The FE results are compared to the prEN 1993‐1‐8 prediction, and the necessity of Cf and the 0.8fu yield strength restriction is evaluated.
Experiment‐based statistical distribution of buckling loads of cylindrical shells
Authors: Li Zheng , Pasternak Hartmut , Geißler Karsten 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA silo structure is usually constructed in the form of a cylindrical steel shell. It has the advantages of being lightweight, having a short construction period, and possessing a large storage space. It has been widely used in many fields of industry. Thin‐walled cylindrical shells often exhibit buckling failure and the experimental buckling load is usually lower than calculation results from classical theory and simulation without geometrical imperfection. Besides, test results with carefully conducted similar specimens still have substantial scatter due to imperfection sensitivity. The nonlinear analysis with FEM can obtain a high‐precision result comparing the experiment if the geometric parameters of the shell are fully known. However, this is almost impossible in practical engineering. The initial geometric imperfections and shell thickness of cylindrical shells are complex and random properties. Theoretically, these geometric imperfections can be described using a random field. This paper presents the experimental investigation of buckling analysis of cylindrical shells under axial compression considering the randomness of geometric imperfections and thickness. A total of 12 cylindrical shell specimens were fabricated and tested. Based on the test results, the optimal statistical distribution is obtained by the maximum entropy fitting method and the obtained results were compared with geometric imperfections based on laser scan measurements.
Influence of the Plate Thickness on Fracture and Impact Toughness of Duplex Stainless Steels
Authors: Afzali Nariman , Jabour Georjina , Stranghöner Natalie , Langenberg Peter 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn the last two decades, the use of duplex stainless steel (DSS) has increased significantly in structural applications due to their low maintenance costs, excellent corrosion resistance in highly corrosive environments, and high mechanical strength. The production of thicker plates by hot rolling leads to larger grains sizes in the material. Besides this, different plate thicknesses have different cooling rates after hot rolling which influence the intermetallic formation of the material. Both these parameters have an influence on the impact and fracture toughness of steel materials. Nevertheless, for duplex stainless steels, a concept for the choice of steel material to avoid brittle fracture according to EN 1993‐1‐10 does not exist so far. For this reason, an investigation has been started in the frame of the German FOSTA research project (P 1390). Two types of DSS plates, 1.4462 and 1.4162, with varying thicknesses were selected and tests were conducted on base and welded material in order to investigate the influence of the plate thickness on the impact and fracture toughness of the material. Furthermore, the suitability of the Master Curve concept and transition temperature correlation for duplex stainless steels has been examined.
Compressive arch action in beams of steel frames subjected to a column loss
Authors: Golea Tudor , Vermeylen Maxime , Jaspart Jean‐Pierre , Demonceau Jean‐François 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSteel frames subjected to a column removal typically exhibit a complex load resisting mechanism characterised by three contributions: i) beam yielding mechanism, ii) compressive arch, and iii) catenary action. The development of compressive arch actions in the beams bridging over the lost column has not been yet thoroughly investigated in steel frames, although such effects proved to significantly contribute to the collapse‐resistance of reinforced concrete frames.This paper aims at shedding light on the compressive arch actions of steel beams in case of column removals accounting for various boundary conditions. Numerical and analytical methods were employed for quantifying the contribution of these effects to the structural robustness of steel frames. A simplified analytical model that allows estimating the magnitude of arching effects in steel beams with various types of end‐connections and horizontal restraints provided by the surrounding structure was introduced. The agreement between numerical and analytical results suggests that the proposed analytical model allows for accurate predictions. This validates the model's use for practical applications and gives promising prospects for its inclusion in consistent analytical methods for predicting the activated alternative load path in steel frames subjected to a column loss scenario.
Improving the behavior of semi‐supported steel plate shear walls using diagonal stiffeners
Authors: Kontoni Denise‐Penelope N. , Ghamari Ali , Omid Mohamad Saeid Poor , Ilia Georgios 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAlthough Steel Plate Shear Walls (SPSWs) have revealed worthy performance in past studies, the need for huge columns surrounding the infill plate is accounted as a considerable shortcoming. This problem is created due to transferring the infill plate stress to the columns by post‐bucking. Despite using the semi‐supported SPSW, the problem is solved, however, the stiffness and ultimate strength of the SPSW are reduced. This reduction is due to the formation of incomplete tension field action. Therefore, in this paper, stiffening the semi‐supported SPSW using diagonal stiffeners is proposed and investigated numerically and parametrically. To do so, the effect of the stiffener properties, the thickness of the stiffener (ts), the width of the stiffener (hs), and the hs/ts ratio on the behavior of the system were evaluated. These stiffeners not only improve the behavior of the infill plate but also contribute to load bearing. Results indicated that by using the stiffeners, the ultimate strength, elastic stiffness, and energy dissipation capacity of the semi‐supported SPSW are improved, and with a lower hs/ts ratio, a better performance of the system is obtained.
Towards a stability verification of two‐span members based on experimental and numerical investigations
Authors: Bours Anna‐Lena , Winkler Rebekka , Knobloch Markus 
Published: September 2023

AbstractState‐of‐the‐art stability design methods of the current and future Eurocode 3 are based on idealized, simply supported members with fork restraints. However, in real‐world structural engineering applications, continuous members or frame structures are more common. The verification of these members often requires complex geometrically nonlinear computations. This paper addresses the extension of simplified methods to structural systems. The basis is laid with experimental, numerical and analytical studies on the stability behavior of two‐span members with doubly symmetric I‐sections in bending, axial compression and torsion. Five‐point bending tests were conducted to analyze the buckling behavior of two‐span members. The experimental results validate a numerical model subsequently used to extend the data basis. A comparison of the numerical load capacities with the results of the simplified method for the buckling resistance according to Annex C.2 of EN 1993‐1‐1:2022 reveals the method's applicability. The sensitivity analysis of the method to various parameters identifies potential for improvement concerning the capture of the influence of bending moments about the weak axis and warping moments, as well as the influence of lateral‐torsional buckling for stocky members.
Web crippling behaviour and design of aluminium SupaCee sections
Authors: Thirunavukkarasu Kajaharan , Alsanat Husam , Poologanathan Keerthan , Shanmuganathan Gunalan , Perampalam Gatheeshgar , Kanthsamy Elilarasi , Muhammad Rahman , Higgins Craig 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSupaCee sections are addressed as one of the innovative section profiles which was introduced to the Cold‐Formed Steel (CFS) industry in the past decade. Longitudinal stiffeners and return lips are the unique features which ensured the better structural performance in terms of bending and shear for CFS sections. However, web crippling performance of CFS SupaCee section was the critical aspect to employ them in the industry as the concentrated loads could induce web crippling failures. Hence, there is a necessity to address web crippling performance of any innovative profiles to utilize them in appropriate locations. On that note, aluminum sections are now emerging in the industry as load bearing profiles considering their lightweight nature, corrosion resistance, ease of fabrication and high specific strength. Aluminium sections are considered as a replacement for CFS sections for modular constructions where the necessity of light weight is higher considering the transport costs and fabrication costs. However, web crippling performance of aluminum sections has to be analyzed to ensure the utilization in modular constructions. Hence, a superior section among available sections in terms of structural performances, aluminium SupaCee section, was considered for this study. Accordingly, a comprehensive numerical study was conducted considering various parameters such as section depth, thickness, bearing length and yield strength, after the successful validation process of the numerical models with the experimental scenarios of End‐Two‐Flange (ETF) loading condition. Ultimately, the results were compared with key parameters and suggestions and recommendations were stated for the utilization aluminum SupaCee sections in the industry.