bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID‐19 Vaccination and Gout Flare Risk in Patients With Infrequent or Frequent Flares: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: He Yuwei , Xue Xiaomei , Dalbeth Nicola , Terkeltaub Robert , Chen Ying , Yan Fei , Pang Lei , Li Xinde , Yuan Xuan , Cheng Xiaoyu , Li Changgui , Sun Mingshu 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveTo assess post‐COVID‐19 vaccination gout flare risk with differing baseline flare burden.MethodsWe prospectively studied gout patients with infrequent or frequent flares, defined as ≤1 flare/year or ≥2 flares/year, respectively. COVID‐19 vaccine‐naive patients managed with urate‐lowering therapy between February and June 2021 were included and voluntarily decided on vaccination. Participants were followed for 12 weeks after enrollment or first vaccine dose. Gout flares and risk factors were compared between groups.ResultsOf 530 participants, 308 (58.1%) had infrequent flares and 222 (41.9%) had frequent flares at baseline, with 248 (142 infrequent and 106 frequent) receiving two‐dose COVID‐19 vaccination. Vaccination increased cumulative flare incidence at 12 weeks in the infrequent but not the frequent flare group (26.1% vs 10.8%, P = 0.001, compared with 60.4% vs 65.5%, P = 0.428). Flare incidence in the final 4 weeks of observation decreased significantly only in the vaccinated infrequent flare group (4.3% vs 12.0%, P = 0.017). Multivariable analyses showed that vaccination (odds ratio [OR] 2.82, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.50–5.30, P = 0.001), flare in the preceding year (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.03–3.71, P = 0.04), and body mass index (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01–1.19, P = 0.03) were independently associated with increased flare risk in the infrequent flare group. Baseline serum urate (mg/dl) was an independent risk factor in the frequent flare group (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.05–1.45, P = 0.012).ConclusionCOVID‐19 vaccination was associated with increased early gout flares only in patients with previously infrequent flares.
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Anisotropic Nature of Lightweight Wooden Metamaterials with Mechanical/Thermomechanical Multistability
Authors: Yang Yushan , Dang Baokang , Wang Chao , Chen Yipeng , Chen Kaicong , Chen Xinjie , Li Yingying , Sun Qingfeng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNanoengineered wood provides a renewable structural material with 3D micro and nanoarchitectures, exhibiting many beneficial characteristics such as being lightweight in nature, mechanically strong, eco‐friendly, thermally insulation, and low carbon footprint. Most nanocellulose aerogels lack sufficient mechanical strength, while nanowood involves a trade‐off between mechanical strength and insulation performance. Here, a nanowood‐derived product with mechanical/thermomechanical multistability called a wooden metamaterial, which is ultrastiff yet lightweight, is designed and synthesized. The self‐healing behaviors of cellulose nanofibrils originally present in the cell walls and their combination with microscale mechanical constraints are utilized to form directional porous frameworks (porosity ≥98%) and encapsulated empty fiber lumen in predesigned macroscopic architectures. The wooden metamaterials are lightweight, showing ultrahigh specific strength (207.7 MPa cm3 g−1), and ultrahigh anisotropy with an approximate factor of 4. Wooden metamaterials have overcome the mechanical/thermomechanical deficiencies of existing building materials and advanced aerospace thermal insulators, and have great potential for revolutionizing architecture and manufacturing industries, particularly as a lightweight, eco‐friendly, scalable, energy‐efficient, and cost‐effective.
Dinuclear Zinc Catalyzed [3+2] Annulation of Benzylideneindolinones Access to CF3‐Containing 2,3‐Pyrrolidinyl Dispirooxindoles
Authors: Zhai Ying‐Hui , Guo Ya‐Jun , Du Si‐Si , Wang Min‐Can , Jia Shi‐Kun , Hua Yuan‐Zhao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis report has realized the catalytic asymmetric [3+2] annulation of benzylideneindolinones with CF3‐containing isatin‐derived azomethine ylides for the first time, in which the organocatalysis has failed. In the presence of dinuclear zinc catalysts, a series of functionalized 2,3‐pyrrolidinyl dispirooxindoles have been synthesized in good yields with excellent stereoselectivity under mild reaction conditions. This protocol can be run on a gram scale and a possible catalytic mechanism is proposed.
Understanding of Stress‐Driven Internal Short Circuit Mechanisms in Lithium‐Ion Batteries with High SOCs
Authors: Duan Xudong , Li Jiani , Jia Yikai , Gao Xiang , Wang Lubing , Xu Jun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe characteristics of internal short circuits (ISC) play a critical role in determining the thermal runaway behaviors and associated hazards of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, due to safety concerns and limitations in operando characterization at high state‐of‐charges (SoCs), the fundamental understanding of stress‐driven ISCs under high SOC situations (above 30%) is still lacking. In this study, combined post‐mortem characterization and multiphysics modeling is employed to clarify the evolution of ISC modes in LIBs with high SOCs. These findings reveal that the triggered ISC mode is SOC‐dependent, with the Al current collector (Al)‐Anode coating (An) mode dominant in high SOC situations. Experimentally obtained ISC resistance for the specified ISC mode is then assigned to the corresponding ISC region in the established multiphysics model, allowing for accurate coupling of the electromechanical relationship and prediction of mechanical‐electrical‐thermal responses of the LIB. Finally, a simple yet effective approach is proposed for avoiding the Al‐An mode after battery fractures, achieved through surface notches on electrodes. Results discover novel phenomena for ISC in high SOC cells and reveal the underlying mechanisms, highlighting the importance and potential of battery structural design for developing next‐generation robust batteries.
High‐Performance n‐Type Organic Thermoelectrics Enabled by Synergistically Achieving High Electron Mobility and Doping Efficiency
Authors: Feng Kui , Wang Junwei , Jeong Sang Young , Yang Wanli , Li Jianfeng , Woo Han Young , Guo Xugang 
Published: August 2023

Abstractn‐Doped polymers with high electrical conductivity (σ) are still very scarce in organic thermoelectrics (OTEs), which limits the development of efficient organic thermoelectric generators. A series of fused bithiophene imide dimer‐based polymers, PO8, PO12, and PO16, incorporating distinct oligo(ethylene glycol) side‐chain to optimize σ is reported here. Three polymers show a monotonic electron mobility decrease as side‐chain size increasing due to the gradually lowered film crystallinity and change of backbone orientation. Interestingly, polymer PO12 with a moderate side‐chain size delivers a champion σ up to 92.0 S cm−1 and a power factor (PF) as high as 94.3 µW m−1 K−2 in the series when applied in OTE devices. The PF value is among the highest ones for the solution‐processing n‐doped polymers. In‐depth morphology studies unravel that the moderate crystallinity and the formation of 3D conduction channel derived from bimodal orientation synergistically contribute to high doping efficiency and large charge carrier mobility, thus resulting in high performance for the PO12‐based OTEs. The results demonstrate the great power of simple tuning of side chain in developing n‐type polymers with substantial σ for improving organic thermoelectric performance.
Topical Drug Delivery of Concentrated Cabazitaxel in an α‐Tocopherol and DMSO Solution
Authors: Sun Boyang , Paraskevopoulos Georgios , Min Jiwei , Rossdeutcher Robert , Ghosh Sanjana , Quinn Breandan , Lin Meng‐Hsuan , Sarkar Debanjan , Sukumaran Dinesh , Wang Yuefei , Vávrová Kateřina , Lovell Jonathan F. , Zhang Yumiao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTopical chemotherapy approaches are relevant for certain skin cancer treatments. This study observes that cabazitaxel (CTX), a broad‐spectrum second‐generation taxane cytotoxic agent, can be dissolved in α‐tocopherol at high concentrations exceeding 100 mg mL−1. 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis and molecular dynamics (MD) are used to study this phenomenon. The addition of 30% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to the α‐tocopherol/CTX solution improves its working viscosity and enhances CTX permeation through human skin in vitro (over 5 µg cm−2 within 24 h), while no detectable drug permeates when CTX is dissolved in α‐tocopherol alone. In a transepidermal water loss assay, the barrier impairment induced by CTX in 30% DMSO in α‐tocopherol, but not in pure DMSO, is reversible 8 h after the formulation removal from the skin surface. Antitumor efficacy of the topical CTX formulation is evaluated in nude mice bearing A431 human squamous carcinoma skin cancer xenografts. With topical application of concentrated CTX solutions (75 mg mL−1), tumor growth is significantly suppressed compared to lower concentration groups (0, 25, or 50 mg mL−1 CTX). Taken together, these findings show that topical delivery of CTX using a DMSO and α‐tocopherol solvent warrants further study as a treatment for skin malignancies.
Porous Lead Iodide Layer Promotes Organic Amine Salt Diffusion to Achieve High Performance p‐i‐n Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Sun Qing , Duan Shaocong , Liu Gang , Meng Xiangxin , Hu Die , Deng Jianguo , Shen Bo , Kang Bonan , Silva S. Ravi P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFlexible perovskite solar cells (FPSCs) are attracting widespread research and attention for their benefits as the next‐generation wearable electronic products. However, there are still many challenges in the quest to achieve dense, pinhole‐free, high crystal quality, low defect, and stable perovskite films, which limit further improvement in the efficiency and stability of FPSCs. Herein, a novel technique for the incorporation of quaternary ammonium halide (QAH) additives to prepare fluffy porous lead iodide layers by using a two‐step sequential deposition method, is reported. Benefiting from the good diffusion of organic amine salts on porous PbI2 layers, flat and dense perovskite films are produced with large particle sizes, few defects, and high crystal quality. Finally, the champion rigid and flexible p‐i‐n PSCs with the 2‐(acetyloxy)‐N,N,N‐trimethylethanium chloride (AtaCl) additive achieves exciting power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of 23.40% and 21.10%, respectively. The device with the AtaCl additive retains over 90% of its original PCE under ambient conditions (40 ± 5% relative humidity (RH)) over 1000 h of aging without encapsulation. In addition, the flexible device with the AtaCl additive shows excellent stability under mechanical bending conditions, retaining ≈85% of its original PCE after 10 000 cycles (bending radius = 5 mm).
Recent Advances in External Fields‐Enhanced Electrocatalysis
Authors: Luo Lan , Xu Liang , Wang Qiangyu , Shi Qiwei , Zhou Hua , Li Zhenhua , Shao Mingfei , Duan Xue 
Published: August 2023

AbstractElectrocatalytic technology provides a promising approach for energy storage, conversion, and utilization. The design and modification of electrocatalysts have been widely applied to improve the performance of electrocatalytic reactions, but bottlenecks can be entered that make it hard to make dramatic progress. The achievement of high‐performance electrocatalysis requires a continuous effort in advancing the new techniques. The introduction of external fields is an attractive approach to improve the mass transfer and change the reaction kinetics, which can remarkably enhance the electrocatalytic performance. This review describes the recent developments in the application of various external fields, including light, magnetic fields, elastic strain, external pressure, and gravity, to boost electrocatalytic reactions (e.g., water splitting, alcohols oxidation, CO2 reduction, and N2 reduction). The relevant mechanisms of external fields to boost charge transport, mass transfer, and the adsorption of reactants are highlighted. Finally, the remaining challenges and future opportunities for coupling external fields with electrocatalysis are discussed.
Extracellular water to total body water ratio, a novel predictor of recurrence in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Horino Taichi , Tokunaga Ryuma , Miyamoto Yuji , Akiyama Takahiko , Daitoku Nobuya , Sakamoto Yuki , Ohuchi Mayuko , Ogawa Katsuhiro , Yoshida Naoya , Baba Hideo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundTotal body water (TBW) fraction, which accounts for 60% of body weight, is an important indicator of body composition, and the extracellular water to TBW ratio (ECW/TBW) is reportedly useful in predicting clinical outcomes of patients with organ disorders. We aimed to clarify the clinical impact of preoperative ECW/TBW status on survival outcomes in cancer patients.MethodsWe used a database of 320 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients who underwent potentially curative resections. Preoperative ECW/TBW was measured using a bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and its correlation with patient survival outcomes, clinicopathological factors, laboratory data, and comorbidities were analyzed.ResultsA high preoperative ECW/TBW was significantly associated with poorer relapse‐free survival (RFS; p = 0.001) and overall survival (OS; p = 0.003). A high ECW/TBW ratio was significantly associated with older age (p < 0.001), low BMI (p = 0.009), and right‐sided tumors (p = 0.03). In a multivariate analysis, a high ECW/TBW significantly predicted a higher RFS mortality (HR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.10–3.88, p = 0.024) and OS mortality (HR: 3.23, 95% CI: 1.25–8.36, p = 0.016). Furthermore, a high ECW/TBW was significantly associated with lower hemoglobin (p < 0.001) and albumin levels (p < 0.001), but not comorbidities.ConclusionsA high preoperative ECW/TBW was a predictive factor for recurrence and poorer overall survival independent of the tumor, node, and metastasis (TNM) stage. Our data suggest that preoperative evaluation of ECW/TBW using BIA might serve as a novel tool for developing CRC treatment strategies.
Physical fitness of Tibetan adolescents at different high altitudes in Tibet, China: A comparative study
Authors: Chang Zimin , Ye Huimin , Huang Bo , Xu Jun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveHigh altitude hypoxic environment has a certain negative impact on physical fitness of adolescents. We aimed to understand the physical fitness status of Tibetan adolescents in different high‐altitude areas in Tibet, China.MethodsPhysical fitness items, such as grip strength, standing long jump, sit and reach, 50 m dash, 1000 m run for boys, and 800 m run for girls were tested on 3806 Tibetan adolescents by using stratified whole group sampling method in class units. The mean age of the participants was (15.51 ± 1.69) years for Tibetan males and (15.54 ± 1.69) years for females. One‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and other methods were used to make cross‐sectional comparisons of physical fitness performance of Chinese Tibetan adolescents in different high‐altitude regions.ResultsThe standing long jump scores of boys (203.37 ± 28.36) were higher than that of girls (152.97 ± 19.46) and the lowest standing long jump scores of adolescents in Shigatse region (166.39 ± 35.04). The highest level of sit and reach was found among boys (10.69 ± 5.34) in Nyingchi and the lowest level of sit and reach was found among girls (8.42 ± 5.84) in Shigatse. Shigatse region adolescents had the lowest performance in 50 m dash (9.09 ± 1.72) while the best performance in 1000 m run (266.23 ± 35.82) and 800 m run (245.40 ± 27.92).ConclusionThere is variability in the physical fitness of Tibetan adolescents in different high‐altitude regions of Tibet, China. Targeted physical fitness interventions should be carried out for Tibetan adolescents in different high‐altitude regions. The focus should be on improving the endurance quality of Tibetan adolescents in Lhasa and the lower limb muscle strength, flexibility, and speed quality of adolescents in Shigatse.
Neutrophils Are Associated with Higher Risk of Incident Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in a BMI‐ and Age‐Dependent Manner
Authors: Cao Wen , Cao Zhi , Tian Yao , Zhang Linjing , Wang Wenjing , Tang Lu , Xu Chenjie , Fan Dongsheng 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivePeripheral immune markers have been associated with the progression and prognosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, whether dysregulation of peripheral immunity is a risk factor for ALS or a consequence of motor neuron degeneration has not yet been clarified. We aimed to identify longitudinal associations between prediagnostic peripheral immunity and the risk of incident ALS.MethodsA total of 345,000 individuals from the UK Biobank between 2006 and 2010 were included at the baseline. The counts of peripheral immune markers (neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, platelets, and CRP) and its derived metrics (neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio [NLR], platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio [PLR], lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio [LMR], and systemic immune‐inflammation index [SII]) were analyzed in relation to the following incident ALS by Cox proportional hazard models. Subgroup and interaction analyses were performed to explore the covariates of these relationships further.ResultsAfter adjusting for all covariates, the multivariate analysis showed that high neutrophil counts and their derived metrics (NLR and SII) were associated with an increased risk of ALS incidence (per SD increment hazard ratio [HR] = 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02–1.29 for neutrophils; HR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.03–1.28 for NLR; and HR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.05–1.30 for SII). Subgroup and interaction analyses revealed that body mass index (BMI) and age had specific effects on this association. In participants with BMI ≥ 25 or age < 65 years, higher neutrophil counts, and their metrics increased the risk of incident ALS; however, in participants with BMI < 25 or age ≥ 65 years, neutrophils had no effect on incident ALS.InterpretationOur study provides evidence that increased neutrophil levels and neutrophil‐derived metrics (NLR and SII) are associated with an increased risk of developing ALS. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:942–954
An In Situ Investigation of the Protein Corona Formation Kinetics of Single Nanomedicine Carriers by Self‐Regulated Electrochemiluminescence Microscopy
Authors: Xing Zejing , Gou Xiaodan , Jiang Li‐Ping , Zhu Jun‐Jie , Ma Cheng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractProtein coronas are present extensively at the bio‐nano interface due to the natural adsorption of proteins onto nanomaterials in biological fluids. Aside from the robust property of nanoparticles, the dynamics of the protein corona shell largely define their chemical identity by altering interface properties. However, the soft coronas are normally complex and rapidly changing. To real‐time monitor the entire formation, we report here a self‐regulated electrochemiluminescence (ECL) microscopy based on the interaction of the Ru(bpy)33+ with the nanoparticle surface. Thus, the heterogeneity of the protein corona is in situ observed in single nanoparticle “cores” before and after loading drugs in nanomedicine carriers. The label‐free, optical stable and dynamic ECL microscopy minimize misinterpretations caused by the variation of nanoparticle size and polydispersity. Accordingly, the synergetic actions of proteins and nanoparticles properties are uncovered by chemically engineered protein corona. After comparing the protein corona formation kinetics in different complex systems and different nanomedicine carriers, the universality and accuracy of this technique were well demonstrated via the protein corona formation kinetics curves regulated by competitive adsorption of Ru(bpy)33+ and multiple proteins on surface of various carriers. The work is of great significance for studying bio‐nano interface in drug delivery and targeted cancer treatment.
Plasmon‐Induced Charge Transfer‐Enhanced Raman Scattering on a Semiconductor: Toward Amplification‐Free Quantification of SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Feng Enduo , Zheng Tingting , He Xiaoxiao , Chen Jinquan , Gu Qingyi , He Xiao , Hu Fanghao , Li Jinghong , Tian Yang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSemiconductors demonstrate great potentials as chemical mechanism‐based surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates in determination of biological species in complex living systems with high selectivity. However, low sensitivity is the bottleneck for their practical applications, compared with that of noble metal‐based Raman enhancement ascribed to electromagnetic mechanism. Herein, a novel Cu2O nanoarray with free carrier density of 1.78×1021 cm−3 comparable to that of noble metals was self‐assembled, creating a record in enhancement factor (EF) of 3.19×1010 among semiconductor substrates. The significant EF was mainly attributed to plasmon‐induced hot electron transfer (PIHET) in semiconductor which was never reported before. This Cu2O nanoarray was subsequently developed as a highly sensitive and selective SERS chip for non‐enzyme and amplification‐free SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA quantification with a detection limit down to 60 copies/mL within 5 min. This unique Cu2O nanoarray demonstrated the significant Raman enhancement through PIHET process, enabling rapid and sensitive point‐of‐care testing of emerging virus variants.
Glass transition temperature of styrene‐based ionomer controlled over a very wide temperature range by nonpolar plasticizer content and ion content
Authors: Choi In‐Hwa , Kim Joon‐Seop 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe plasticization effect by the addition of nonpolar bis(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (dioctyl phthalate) (DOP) on the glass transition temperatures (Tgs) of poly(styrene‐Na methacrylate) (PSMANa) ionomers was investigated. The matrix Tg (Tg,m) and cluster Tg (Tg,c) of the ionomers dropped linearly as the DOP content in the PSMANa ionomers enhanced, only when the phase separation of DOP did not occur. Since the Tg,m and Tg,c of the ionomer increased somewhat linearly with increasing ion content of the ionomer, simple equations were obtained to express the Tgs of the ionomers using the ion contents (x mol%) and the DOP contents (y wt%) of the ionomers; Tg,m (°C) = 121 + 3.0x + 2.8y and Tg,c (°C) = 171 + 6.3x + 2.6y. According to the x‐ray scattering results, for the ionomer containing 6.4 mol% of ions, the distance between scattering centers increased from 21 to 22 Å when ca. 40 wt% of DOP was added. This suggested that the DOP promoted the mobility of the styrene chains, enhancing the formation of multiplets. On the other hand, for the ionomer containing 22.4 mol% of ions, when ca. 40 wt% was added, the distance between multiplets widened from 18 to 21 Å.