bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Localization of Strangeness for Real Time Video in Crowd Activity Using Optical Flow and Entropy
Authors: Abid Hussan Altalbi Ali , Hameed Shaker Shaimaa , Ezaldeen Ali Akbas 
Published: June 2023

Anomaly detection, which is also referred to as novelty detection or outlier detection, is process of identifying unusual occurrences, observations, or events which considerably differ from the bulk of data and do not fit a predetermined definition of typical behavior. Medicine, cybersecurity, statistics, machine vision, law enforcement, neurology, and financial fraud are just a handful of the industries where anomaly detection is used. In the presented study, an online tool is utilized to identify crowd distortions, which could be brought on by panic. An activity map is produced with the use of numerous frames to show the continuity regarding the flow over time following the global optical flow has been calculated in the quickest time and with the highest precision possible utilizing the Farneback approach to calculate the magnitudes. Utilizing a specific threshold, the oddity in the video will be picked up by the activity map's generation of an entropy. The results indicate that the maximum entropy level for indoor video is <0.16 and the maximum entropy level for outdoor video is >0.45. A threshold of 0.04 is used to determine whether a frame is abnormal or normal.
Emulation Framework for Haptic Data Transmission Using Real-Time Transport Protocol
Authors: Abdullah Israa , Monnet Wrya 
Published: June 2023

The Tactile Internet (TI) can be regarded as the next evolution in the world of communication. With its envisioned purpose and potential in shaping up the economy, industry and society, this paradigm aims to bring a new dimension to life by enabling humans to interact with machines remotely and in real-time with haptic and kinesthetic feedback. However, to translate this into reality, Tactile Internet will need to meet the stringent requirements of extremely low latency in conjunction with ultra-high reliability, availability, and security. This poses a challenge on the available communication systems to achieve a round-trip delay within 1 to 10 milliseconds time bound that enables the timely delivery of critical tactile and haptic sensations.
This paper aims to evaluate the Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) through an emulation framework. It integrates containerization using Linux-based Docker Containers with NS-3 Network Simulator to conceptualize a haptic teleoperation system. The framework is then used to test the protocol’s feasibility for delivering texture haptic data between master and slave domains in accordance with the end-to-end delay requirements specified by IEEE 1918.1 standards. The results have shown that the timely provision of haptic data is achievable by obtaining an average round-trip delay of 17.8493 ms from the emulation experiment. As such, the results satisfy the expected IEEE 1918.1 standards constraints for medium-dynamic environment use cases.
The effect of marine algae-derived exosomes on breast cancer cells: Hypothesis on a new treatment for cancer
Authors: Rahmati Shima , Alizadeh Morteza , Mirzapour Pegah , Miller Abigail , Rezakhani Leila 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women worldwide. Therefore, further research in this area remains necessary. In pursuit of cancer treatment, the use of aquatic and marine resources has been considered in recent years. Marine algae create a wide variety of metabolites with different biological activities, and their anticancer properties have been reported in several studies. With particles ranging in size between 30 and 100 nm in size, exosomes are a class of cell-released extracellular vesicles that contain DNA, RNA, and proteins. Nontoxic properties and lack of an immune response are critical considerations in the medical use of exosome nanoparticles. Studies have demonstrated that exosomes are used for cancer therapy and in several drug delivery trials; however, no study so far has been done on exosomes derived from marine algae. Research has shown that three-dimensional (3D) models of cancer are advantageous for studying drug effects. This hypothesis aims to design a 3D model of breast cancer in vitro and evaluate cell growth after treatment with a marine algae-derived exosome.
Sensitivity and specificity of abbreviated burn severity index and revised Baux score in mortality prediction in burn patients admitted to a tertiary care center in South India
Authors: Shetty Naren , Mashalkar Narendra S. , Ellur Sunder Raj , Dharmarajan Rajeswari , Selvam Sumithra 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Mortality still remains the most significant adverse outcome encountered ever since the inception of burn management despite significant advances. Predicting mortality in the initial stages by mortality prediction models can help in many ways. Abbreviated Burn Severity Index (ABSI) and Revised Baux Score (RBS) are two commonly used models. However, these mortality prediction models have varied levels of sensitivity and specificity when applied in different clinical settings. Hence, validation in a particular clinical setting becomes important before using it. Our purpose was to understand the sensitivity and specificity of ABSI and RBS in mortality prediction in our tertiary care center.

Methods:
Data of all burn patients admitted into our tertiary care center from January 2018 to December 2020 were retrospectively collected. The ABSI and RBS scores were calculated for each patient. The scores between survivors and nonsurvivors were compared using statistical methods. Sensitivity and specificity of ABSI and RBS was calculated. The Receiver Operating Characteristic curve was plotted, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to assess the accuracy of each model.

Results:
Three hundred and fifty patients were included in the study sample (Mean age: 27.3 years. Avg TBSA: 17.63%). Forty-seven patients had inhalational injury and 131 patients had full thickness burn. The mortality rate was 12.3% (43 patients). Sensitivity, specificity, and AUC for ABSI were 88%, 93%, and 0.96 and that for RBS were 74%, 96%, and 0.93, respectively. The optimal cutoff for ABSI and RBS was 7 and 85, respectively.

Conclusion:
Both ABSI and RBS mortality prediction models have acceptable levels of sensitivity and specificity in mortality prediction.
Study of management of postburn flexion contracture of finger by glabrous versus nonglabrous split skin graft
Authors: Mankare Pranit Dattatray , Suri Manav P. , Sachde Jayesh P. 
Published: June 2023

Aims and Objectives:
This prospective study was designed to determine the outcome of split-thickness glabellar and nonglabellar skin graft for the coverage of defects on palmar aspect of hand after release of postburn contracture in terms of graft take, complications, recurrence, and patient satisfaction for color and texture match.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective comparative study was carried out on patients from December 2018 to December 2020. Fifty patients were randomly divided into two groups by simple randomization method. Group A was offered treatment with split-thickness graft from glabellar region and other Group B was offered treatment with split-thickness graft from nonglabellar skin. Frequencies and percentages of both recipient and donor sites complications such as infection, hypertrophic scarring on the Vancouver scar assessment scale, recurrence, and difficulty in walking were noted. Patient satisfaction for colour and texture match to neighboring skin at recipient site were assessed 3 months after the operation using five points Likert scale.

Results:
At follow-up of the Group A, the donor areas were completely healed in all the cases 100%. The grafted area showed excellent color and texture match with the adjacent palmer skin. The graft was mobile, stable and without any pigmentation. There was also no hypertrophic scarring, hyperpigmentation or pain at the donor site as compared to ordinary skin graft. Walking and weight bearing were smooth and the instep curvature appeared normal. In Group B, 100% of patients had hyperpigmentation, 20% had marginal scarring and scar hypertrophy at hand. While 40% had scar hypertrophy at 80% had hyperpigmentation over the donor site. Recurrence was noted in 32% of patients in Group B as compared to 8% in Group A.

Conclusions:
Glabellar skin of the instep is the best replacement for the palmar skin of the digits and hand because of the similarities in their characteristics. Results are excellent in terms of color and texture match, no hyperpigmentation, less marginal scarring, scar hypertrophy, and less recurrence of contracture in patients with area grafted with glabellar skin. Donor site morbidity is very low and hardly any donor site scar is visible. So in conclusion for the management of postburn flexion contracture of the finger. An ideal skin substitute is glabellar skin grafts from the instep region of foot.
Prayer burns
Authors: Bhatia Vijay Yashpal , Narola Sruja Dipak , Zapadiya Ranjit Raghu , Kaushik Rahul , Thakur Archana L 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:
In Indian culture, it is considered auspicious to conduct prayers before beginning one's day or even before starting to celebrate any of the festivals. The variations in conducting the prayers are numerous, but one thing which is constant is fire, which in the form of diya or candle or incense stick is always present. This many a times becomes the source of clothes catching fire leading to burns. The flame burns can cause serious complications depending on the age and the percentage of the body involved. Herein, we are presenting an article regarding the same.

Methods:
All burns which occurred while praying from September 2019 to September 2021 were included in the case series.

Results:
In our study, the patients above 60 all had comorbid conditions, and 5 out of 8 (five out of eight) patients expired that is 62.5% of the study group. These patients had the accident at home while praying where the flame from diya which is lit on the temple floor near the idol of god caught fire to the clothes. Indian females prefer to wear clothes with flairs such as chaniya choli, long Indian skirt, or saree which increases the chances of contact with diyas or source of flame leading to accidental burns. Considering that 5 (five) patients were more than 50 years of age, they survived for mean days of 16.2 days and then expired, the three younger patients recovered with an average stay of 47.3 days. Even with extensive burns due to younger age the patients recovered and did require skin grafting in the course of their treatment.

Discussion:
Diminished alertness of the senses, impaired mentation, slower reaction time, reduced mobility, and decreased ability of elderly people to identify the severity or risk of a situation as well as their capacity to escape from harm, puts them at higher risk of sustaining burn injury. These circumstances will also lead to larger increased total body surface area (TBSA) and deeper burns; moreover, there is an increased risk for the development of inhalation injury. These factors are closely related to a higher mortality rate.

Conclusion:
Age plays an important role in treatment response in a major trauma like burns. Increased age with associated co morbidities add to the severity of the burns. Younger age group however have better survival chances, though even they required prolonged hospital stay in our study considering the higher percentage of burns involved.
PD-L1 expression in rare and aggressive thyroid cancers: A preliminary investigation for a role of immunotherapy
Authors: Boruah Monikongkona , Gaddam Pranitha , Agarwal Shipra , Mir Riyaz Ahmad , Gupta Ranjan , Sharma Mehar C. , Deo Suryanarayana V.S. , Nilima Nilima 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Background and Aim:
Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) immunoexpression status determines the response to immunotherapy in many cancers. Limited data exist on PD-L1 status in aggressive thyroid tumors. We investigated PD-L1 expression across thyroid cancers and correlated it with their molecular profile.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty-five cases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma, poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC), and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) were assessed for PD-L1 expression (clone SP263, VENTANA). The differentiated cases encompassed the aggressive hobnail and tall cell subtypes of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) besides classical PTC and follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC). Ten nodular goiters (NG) were also evaluated. Tumor proportion score (TPS) and H-score were calculated. BRAFV600E and H-/K-/N-RAS were assessed using allele-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Fisher’s exact and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to investigate the associations between the categorical variables and compare PD-L1 scores with the mutation status.

Results:
Most PTC (87%) and ATC (73%) cases were PD-L1 positive (TPS ≥1%), with significantly higher positivity rates than NG (20%). TPS >50% was seen in 60% ATC and 7% PTC cases. The median TPS and H-score of ATC were 56 (0–96.6) and 168 (0–275), respectively, and of PTC were 9.6 (4–16.8) and 17.8 (6.6–38.6), respectively. The scores were similar across the PTC subtypes. Only one case each of FTC and PDTC was PD-L1 positive. PD-L1 expression correlated significantly with BRAFV600E, but not with RAS mutation.

Conclusions:
ATC showed intense and diffuse PD-L1 staining. Although most PTCs were PD-L1 positive, the expression was weaker and patchy, irrespective of the histological subtype. Results of this pilot study indicate that ATC is most likely to respond to immunotherapy. PTC, FTC, and PDTC may be less amenable to immunotherapy. PD-L1 expression correlated significantly with BRAFV600E, allowing for combined targeted therapy.
The role of p53 and ki67 in predicting clinical outcome in breast cancer patients
Authors: Lalkota Bhanu Prakash , Srinivasa B.J , Swamy Mani V. , Hazarika Diganta , Jeet B.M , Jyothi K , Ghosh Mithua , Sayeed Suhail M. , Nasiruddin Mohammad , Naik Radheshyam 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
ki67 may be used as a proliferative index in addition to estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) negative status. p53 gene expression is a well-known biomarker in breast cancer and its role in predicting clinical outcome remains unclear. The current study aimed to determine the relationship between p53 gene mutation and ki67 expression, their clinical characteristics, and overall survival (OS), and to differentiate the significance of p53 and ki67 as the prognostic value in breast cancer patients.

Methods:
In this study, 135 patients were enrolled in the study from December 2015 to May 2017. Medical records for all patients were reviewed prospectively. The inclusion criteria included age more than 18 years with histologically proven breast cancer and willingness to be enrolled in p53 genetic study. Exclusion criteria included dual malignancy, male breast cancer, with a loss to follow-up during the study.

Results:
The mean survival of patients with ki67 ≤20 index was 42.7 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 38.7–46.7) and 129 months (95% CI 101.3–157.2) in patients with ki67 >20. The mean OS was 145 months (95% CI 105.6–185.5) in the p53 wild-type group and 106 months (95% CI 78.0–133.0) in the p53 mutated group, as illustrated.

Conclusion:
Our results indicated that p53 mutational status and high ki67 might have an essential impact on overall survival, with p53 mutated patients having a poorer outcome than p53 wild type patients.
On tame -extensions with prescribed ramification
Authors: Hajir Farshid , Maire Christian , Ramakrishna Ravi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe tame Gras–Munnier Theorem gives a criterion for the existence of a
$ {\mathbb Z}/p{\mathbb Z} $
-extension of a number field K ramified at exactly a tame set S of places of K, the finite
$v \in S$
necessarily having norm
$1$
mod p. The criterion is the existence of a nontrivial dependence relation on the Frobenius elements of these places in a certain governing extension. We give a short new proof which extends the theorem by showing the subset of elements of
$H^1(G_S,{\mathbb {Z}}/p{\mathbb {Z}})$
giving rise to such extensions of K has the same cardinality as the set of these dependence relations. We then reprove the key Proposition 2.2 using the more sophisticated Greenberg–Wiles formula based on global duality.
Mathematical Imaging and Surface Processing
Authors: Ben-Chen Mirela , Chambolle Antonin , Rumpf Martin , Schröder Peter 
Published: June 2023

This workshop was gathering applied mathematicians and computer scientists interested in image and geometry processing. These topics have developed tremendously in the past few years with the rise of artificial intelligence, parallel hardware and strong needs for real-world applications (3D scene reconstruction, architecture, medical imaging and data analysis, etc). These research fields are at the intersection of many mathematical disciplines, from geometry, calculus of variations and optimization to the analysis and numerical analysis of PDEs. The almost 50 participants to this workshop, including many young researchers, had many fruitful exchanges, interested in common issues and speaking a common language, yet often coming from different backgrounds and with different knowledge.
This volume collects the abstracts for all the presentations covering this wide spectrum of tools and application domains.
Is there any correlation between frequent lower genital Tract Infections and Human Papillomavirus Infection at the commune level?
Authors: Nguyen Vu Quoc Huy , Tran Thi Ngoc Bich , Le Minh Tam 
Published: June 2023

Objective: To investigate the association between lower genital tract infection and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study of 1,007 sexually active women aged 21 to 70 in three areas of Quang Tri province (Hai Lang, Trieu Phong and Gio Linh). The duration of data collection is from July 2019 to July 2020. The cases were evaluated by gynecology to determine the condition of the vaginal discharge and to record normal and abnormal signs and symptoms. Specimens from cervical canal were inspected under a microscope and tested for HPV-DNA using a real-time PCR assay.
Results: There were 33 HPV-positive cases, accounting for 3.5% of total cases. Vaginitis caused by bacteria, including bacteria, bacteriophages, and Gardnerella vaginalis, accounted for the largest prevalence of lower genital tract infections at 65.8%, followed by vaginitis caused by Candida fungi at 10.5% and Trichomonas vaginalis at the lowest rate of 0.2%. No statistically significant association was found between HPV infection and vaginitis caused by Bacteria, Gardnerella vaginalis, Candida, and Trichomonas vaginalis, as well as socio-demographic characteristics such as age, education, age at first sexual intercourse, number of sexual partners, marital status, number of children, and smoking (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: Despite the fact that lower genital tract infection and HPV infection are not uncommon at the commune level, no association was discovered between the two.
Factors Affecting First Year Students’ Performance in Fundamental Accounting Course: Case Study Kampala International University in Tanzania (KIUT)
Authors: Mutayabarwa Juvenary , Athuman Mgeni 
Published: June 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine factors that potentially influence students’ academic performance in Fundamental Accounting course at Kampala International University in Tanzania (KIUT).
Methodology: The study adopted a quantitative research design. The sample of the study involved 134 first year students majoring in Bachelor of Business Administration at KIUT. Data was analyzed using the chi-square test at p=.05.
Findings: The results revealed that students’ Mathematics Background, Accounting background, Combination, interest and study positioning had significant association with students’ performance in fundamental accounting course while students’ gender, English background, Weekly study hours, financial support, financial support rate, usage of hardcopies, school type, understanding level, had no significant with students’ performance in fundamental accounting course. While several variables to examine factors affecting students’ performance have been done; this study included students’ positioning and students study style (by hard copies or soft copies) which have not been exhausted in the past.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: On the basis of the findings this study recommended that KIUT should adjust its selection criteria by including previous academic performance particularly Mathematics and Accounting related subjects as among the metrics to be used in admitting students for programmers having fundamental accounting as one of its core course. However, to maintain stability, students with poor Mathematics and Accounting backgrounds could be provided with remedial programmes to cover up for their weakness.
Liquidity Capacity and Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya
Authors: Abuga Kiage , Wamugo Lucy , Makori Daniel 
Published: June 2023

Purpose: The objective of the study was to assess the impact of liquidity capacity on the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya.
Methodology: This study employed the explanatory research design. The 42 Kenyan commercial banks were the study's target population. The essential financial data for analysis was extracted and compiled using a data collection routine from the yearly reports. Panel data was mined from 42 commercial banks for six years between 2012 and 2018. The data were assessed by employing descriptive statistics as well as inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics employed involved the standard deviation, median, and average. Inferential statistics used involved panel regression. The data analysis was aided by STATA software.
Findings: The findings from the regression analysis indicate that Net Stable Funding and Liquidity Coverage exert a significant positive impact on the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. Conversely, provisioning for Non-Performing Loans, Liquidity Gap, and Provisioning for Nonperforming Loans demonstrate a notable negative effect on the financial performance of commercial banks in the country. Moreover, the study reveals that bank competition plays a significant moderating role in the relationship between liquidity capacity and the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study was anchored on Anticipated Income Theory and Liquidity Preference Theory. The study recommended that the regulatory body for commercial banks, the CBK, facilitates open channels of communication between policy makers and senior management of commercial banks in Kenya. This discussion is critical to ensuring that the monetary policies developed are practical and beneficial to the expansion of the commercial banking industry. Lastly, the study suggests that all commercial banks in Kenya integrate considerations of liquidity costs, benefits, and risks into their performance measurement, pricing, and approval processes for significant business activities.