bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of bariatric surgery on metabolic syndrome: A retrospective cohort study in Colombia
Authors: Domínguez Alvarado Gonzalo A. , Otero Rosales María C. , Cala Duran Julián C. , Serrano‐Gómez Sergio , Carrero Barragan Tania Y. , Domínguez Alvarado Paula N. , Ramírez Martha L. , Serrano‐Mesa Kamila , Lozada‐Martinez Ivan D. , Narvaez‐Rojas Alexis R. , López Gómez Luis E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroduction and ObjectiveMetabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a group of metabolic abnormalities. It is currently a pandemic, and its prevalence is on the rise. MetS has a direct relationship with obesity, for this reason, bariatric and metabolic surgery has been proposed as a method to simultaneously control obesity and MetS. However, in Colombia the results of this intervention are unknown. This study aims to compare metabolic syndrome before and after bariatric surgery in a Colombian population.MethodsRetrospective cohort study conducted in a highly complex institution in Colombia, where comparing the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients who underwent bariatric surgery during a 1‐year follow‐up period, between January 2015 and December 2019. Of these patients, 48 underwent Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass, and 32 underwent sleeve gastrectomy by laparoscopic technique.ResultsA total of 80 patients were included, of which 67.5% were women and the mean age was 42.8 ± 12.9 years. The most frequent preprocedure comorbidities were arterial hypertension (36.2%), dyslipidemia (32.4%), and sleep apnea (20%). After bariatric surgery, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome decreased from 66.2% to 3.7% (p < 0.05). In addition, a reduction in the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance score from 77.5% to 22.5% was observed during the follow‐up period. HbA1c, creatinine, and thyroid‐stimulating hormone, were the only parameters without significant changes.ConclusionsMetabolic and bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for weight reduction, with a high impact in reducing the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in the short and medium term in the Colombian population.
Burden and risk factors of chronic respiratory diseases in Nepal, 1990–2019: An analysis of the global burden of diseases study
Authors: Adhikari Tara Ballav , Paudel Kiran , Paudel Rajan , Bhusal Sandesh , Rijal Anupa , Högman Marieann , Neupane Dinesh , Sigsgaard Torben , Kallestrup Per 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsChronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) substantially contribute to morbidity and mortality globally and in Nepal. However, there is a paucity of evidence on the trend and the burden of CRDs in Nepal. This study reports the trend of the burden and contribution of major risk factors to CRDs in Nepal from 1990 to 2019.MethodsThis study is an observational study using publicly available data from Global Burden of Disease 2019 estimations for Nepal. The age‐standardized and age‐specific prevalence, incidence, mortality, disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs), and risk factors for CRDs in Nepal were extracted to measure the burden and its trend. The data are presented as percentages or as rates per 100,000 population.ResultsThe age‐standardized incidence rate of CRDs in Nepal in 2019 was 913.6 per 100,000 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 828.7–1000.1), which was an increase of 7.7% from 848.6 per 100,000 (95% UI: 780.2–918.2) in 1990. However, the age‐standardized prevalence rate [4453/100,000 (4234.2–4671.8) in 1990; 4457.1/100,000 (4255.2–4666.8) in 2019] was almost stagnant. Most CRDs attributed to deaths and DALYs were due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.ConclusionsAir pollution and smoking are the main risk factors for DALYs due to CRDs in Nepal. This surging burden of the incidence rate of CRDs in Nepal calls for more effective actions to curb the risk factors and diseases.
Breaks in term structures: Evidence from the oil futures markets
Authors: Horváth Lajos , Liu Zhenya , Miller Curtis , Tang Weiqing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe propose a new functional change point detection procedure, motivated by recent models for commodity futures term structure. We investigate our procedure's properties under the null hypothesis of no change and the alternative. Monte Carlo simulations reveal a reasonable power property in finite sample sizes although size distortion persists. An empirical analysis of oil futures markets identifies two change points near the 2008 financial crisis and 2020 crude oil negative territory. Regression models show that the price behaviour, in general, is exposed to the spot market index and exchange rate from 2007 to 2009. The main drivers of the price term structure are attributed to the trading activities of speculators and financial index innovations between 2017 and 2022.
MBPD: A multiple bacterial pathogen detection pipeline for One Health practices
Authors: Yang Xinrun , Jiang Gaofei , Zhang Yaozhong , Wang Ningqi , Zhang Yuling , Wang Xiaofang , Zhao Fang‐Jie , Xu Yangchun , Shen Qirong , Wei Zhong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBacterial pathogens are one of the major threats to biosafety and environmental health, and advanced assessment is a prerequisite to combating bacterial pathogens. Currently, 16S rRNA gene sequencing is efficient in the open‐view detection of bacterial pathogens. However, the taxonomic resolution and applicability of this method are limited by the domain‐specific pathogen database, taxonomic profiling method, and sequencing target of 16S variable regions. Here, we present a pipeline of multiple bacterial pathogen detection (MBPD) to identify the animal, plant, and zoonotic pathogens. MBPD is based on a large, curated database of the full‐length 16S genes of 1986 reported bacterial pathogen species covering 72,685 sequences. In silico comparison allowed MBPD to provide the appropriate similarity threshold for both full‐length and variable‐region sequencing platforms, while the subregion of V3−V4 (mean: 88.37%, accuracy rate compared to V1−V9) outperformed other variable regions in pathogen identification compared to full‐length sequencing. Benchmarking on real data sets suggested the superiority of MBPD in a broader range of pathogen detections compared with other methods, including 16SPIP and MIP. Beyond detecting the known causal agent of animal, human, and plant diseases, MBPD is capable of identifying cocontaminating pathogens from biological and environmental samples. Overall, we provide a MBPD pipeline for agricultural, veterinary, medical, and environmental monitoring to achieve One Health.
Rethinking the donor's role in strengthening health systems through sexual and reproductive health and rights partnerships: A qualitative analysis of Ugandan case studies
Authors: van Kelle Echica , Spronk Sarah I. , Kibira Denis , Aantjes Carolien J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractInternational donors continue to prefer vertical programming over systems strengthening despite the universal health agenda. This study explored Dutch policy and practice towards health systems within sexual and reproductive health and rights‐focused partnerships between the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs and civil society, through a document analysis, 13 in‐depth interviews and a stakeholder workshop. The findings revealed that partnerships supported the Ugandan health system in unstructured ways and had difficulties finding synergies. To ensure sustained outcomes and respond to the renewed urgency of strong health systems in the face of crises, donors should incorporate systems strengthening as an explicit goal.
Optical Waveform Synthesis and Its Applications
Authors: Cirmi Giovanni , Mainz Roland E. , Silva‐Toledo Miguel A. , Scheiba Fabian , Çankaya Hüseyin , Kubullek Maximilian , Rossi Giulio Maria , Kärtner Franz X. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe quest for ever‐shorter optical pulses has been ongoing for over half a century. Although few‐cycle pulses have been generated for nearly 40 years, pulse lengths below the single‐cycle limit have remained an elusive goal for a long time. For this purpose, optical waveform synthesizers, generating high‐energy, high‐average‐power pulses via coherent combination of multiple pulses covering different spectral regions, have been recently developed. They allow unprecedented control over the generated optical waveforms, spanning an extremely broad spectral range from ultraviolet to infrared. Such control allows for steering strong‐field interactions with increased degrees of freedom. When driving high‐harmonic generation, tailored waveforms can produce bright attosecond pulse trains and even isolated attosecond pulses with tunable spectra up to the soft X‐ray range. In this paper recent progress on parametric and hollow‐core fiber waveform synthesizers is discussed. Newly developed seeding schemes; absolute, relative, and spectral phase measurement; and control techniques suitable for synthesizers are described. The progress on serial and parallel waveform synthesis based on Ti:sapphire and Ytterbium laser systems and their latest applications in high‐harmonic generation in gaseous and solid media, attosecond science, and laser wakefield acceleration is discussed.
Multimode Waveguide Bends in Lithium Niobate on Insulator
Authors: Ma Mingyang , Yuan Mingrui , Zhou Xudong , Xiao Huifu , Cao Pengfei , Cheng Lin , Nguyen Thach Giang , Boes Andreas , Ren Guanghui , Su Yikai , Mitchell Arnan , Tian Yonghui 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) is a promising platform for realizing high‐performance photonic integrated circuits (PICs) for communication applications due to LN's excellent electro‐optic properties. Multimode photonic devices are attractive as they can improve the communication capacity of PICs by multiplexing orthogonal modes. For connecting multimode photonic components on the same chip, multimode waveguide bends are indispensable. In this contribution, multimode waveguide bends are proposed, simulated, and experimentally demonstrated with double air grooves to ensure low crosstalk for three different transverse electric (TE) modes by improving the mode overlap at the interface between the straight and bent waveguide when the waveguide is bent. This enables demonstration of S‐shaped waveguide bends (two 90o bent waveguides) with insertion losses below 1.42, 1.12, and 2.5 dB in the wavelength range of 1525–1575 nm for the transmitted TE0, TE1, and TE2 modes, respectively. The mode crosstalk is lower than −12.2 dB for all three modes. The demonstrated device provides a compact solution for multimode waveguide bends in the LNOI platform, paving the way for high‐speed, high‐data‐capacity PICs for on‐chip communication systems.
The effect of the MCrAlY composition and aluminizing cycle upon the microstructure and hot corrosion resistance of the over‐aluminized MCrAlY coating on IN738LC alloy substrate
Authors: Ajdari Saeed , Shahriari Nogorani Farhad , Zamani Moghadam Pejman 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe aluminizing behavior of high‐velocity oxy‐fuel sprayed CoNiCrAlY, or NiCoCrAlY‐coated IN738LC alloy has been investigated via asingle or two‐step pack cementation aluminizing processes. The microstructural study showed that a more desirable low aluminum‐containing MCrAlY coating is obtained through single‐step aluminizing. The resultant over‐aluminized coating microstructure consisted of the Co‐containing beta‐NiAl in the aluminide top layer and the Ni−Co−Cr‐based austenitic gamma solid solution matrix decorated with the Co‐containing beta‐NiAl islands in the MCrAlY zone.
Anchoring Guanidine Polymer onto Sesbania Gum to Endow Excellent Antibacterial Function
Authors: Lan Shi , Li Jie , Chu Mengnan , Ju Du , Jin Ruifa , Sheng Xianliang , Dong Alideertu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractInfectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria invasion have become a serious threat to human life and health. In this study, polyhexamethylguanidine (PHMG) is anchored onto sesbania gum (SG) by an oxidation reaction coupled with the Schiff base reaction to endow antibacterial function. By the assistance of the oxidation reaction using sodium periodate (NaIO4) as an oxidizing agent, the oxidized SG (OSG) forms and contributes to the generation of a platform with active sites for further antibacterial modification with PHMG. Then PHMG as antibacterial ingredient covalently bind on OSG, which helps to achieve SG‐PHMG. After the colony counting method and inhibition zone test, SG‐PHMG shows excellent antibacterial ability against 108 CFU mL−1 of Escherichia coli (E. coli). More interestingly, the grafting of PHMG makes SG more hydrophilic, and allows SG‐PHMG fully contact with bacteria, as a result showing excellent antibacterial activity. It is believed that this strategy has great potential for the antibacterial‐associated applications.
Polyphosphazenes—A Promising Candidate for Drug Delivery, Bioimaging, and Tissue Engineering: A Review
Authors: Ilayaperumal Pradeep , Chelladurai Praveena , Vairan Karthik , Anilkumar Pooja , Balagurusamy Balajothi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSynthetic polymer materials have been surged to the forefront of research in the fields of tissue engineering, drug delivery, and biomonitoring in recent years. Biodegradable synthetic polymers are increasingly needed as transient substrates for tissue regeneration and medicine delivery. In contrast to commonly used polymers including polyesters, polylactones, polyanhydrides, poly(propylene fumarates), polyorthoesters, and polyurethanes, biodegradable polyphosphazenes (PPZs) hold great potential for the purposes indicated above. PPZ's versatility in the synthetic process has enabled the production of a variety of polymers with various physico‐chemical, and biological properties have been produced, making them appropriate for biomedical applications. Biocompatible PPZs are often used as scaffolds in the regeneration of skeleton, bones, and other tissues. PPZs have also received special attention as potential drug vehicles of high‐value biopharmaceuticals such as anticancer drugs. Additionally, by incorporating fluorophores into the PPZ backbone to produce photoluminescent biodegradable PPZs, the utility of polyphosphazenes is further expanded as they are used in tracking the regeneration of the target tissue as well as the fate of PPZ based scaffolds or drug delivery vehicles. This review provides a summary of the evolution of PPZ applications in the fields of tissue engineering, drug delivery, and bioimaging in recent 5 years.
Does the expansion of local government debt affect the export quality?
Authors: Leng Xuan , Li Pengcheng , Zheng Yuming 
Published: January 2023

AbstractImproving the quality of its exports is an important way for China to develop high‐quality foreign trade. It is of greatest academic value and policy significance to study the factors that restrict the export quality of enterprises. This paper empirically discusses the impact of local government debt expansion on export quality as well as its transmission mechanism, using microdata from Chinese enterprises. According to research findings, the acquisition of debt negatively affects enterprises in several ways. First, the expansion of local government debt has a negative impact on the export quality of enterprises. Second, local government debt affects export quality through financial constraints and the Dutch disease effect. Third, local government debt impact on export quality reflects significant heterogeneity in terms of debt types and characteristics of regional economics.
In Vivo Investigation of Glucose Metabolism in Idiopathic and PRKN‐Related Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Borsche Max , Märtens Andre , Hörmann Philipp , Brückmann Theresa , Lohmann Katja , Tunc Sinem , Klein Christine , Hiller Karsten , Balck Alexander 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundAlterations in mitochondrial dysfunction have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Mitochondrial energy production is linked to glucose metabolism, and diabetes is associated with PD. However, studies investigating glucose metabolism in vivo in genetically stratified PD patients and controls have yet to be performed.ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to explore glucose production, gluconeogenesis, and the contribution of gluconeogenesis to glucose production in idiopathic and PRKN PD compared with healthy controls with state‐of‐the‐art biochemical methods.MethodsWe applied a dried‐blood sampling/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry approach to monitor fluxes in the Cori cycle in vivo.ResultsThe contribution of gluconeogenesis to total glucose production is increased in idiopathic PD patients (n = 33), but not in biallelic PRKN mutation carriers (n = 5) compared with healthy controls (n = 13).ConclusionsWe provide first‐time in vivo evidence for alterations in glucose metabolism in idiopathic PD, in keeping with the epidemiological evidence for an association between PD and diabetes. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Lehrerbildung: Experimentieren können
Authors: Friedrich Jens , Geuther Annette , Habelitz‐Tkotz Waltraud , Klemeyer Horst , Nickel Heike , Proske Wolfgang , Pfrangert Becker Uschi , Rossow Marco 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAngehende Chemielehrer müssen im Studium praktische Fähigkeiten erwerben. Diese vermittelt ihnen nicht nur die Fachdidaktik, sondern hier sind alle Bereiche der Chemie gefragt.
Chemie im Alltag:Leuchtender Gin Tonic und schäumendes Bier
Authors: Spitzer Philipp , Tassoti Sebastian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLehramtsstudierende der Chemie erklären chemische Phänomene im Wirtshaus, und zwar so, dass ihre Erläuterungen auf einen Bierdeckel passen. Ihr Ziel: Die Kneipen‐ und Biergartenbesucher unterhalten und zum Experimentieren anregen. Die angehenden Chemielehrer:innen lernen dabei, wie wichtig es ist, ihre Zielgruppe zu kennen.
Bioprozessanalytik: Sondieren, wie der Prozess läuft
Authors: Gutschmann Björn , Münzberg Marvin , Riedel Sebastian L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWie biobasierte und bioabbaubare Kunststoffe im Bioreaktor entstehen, lässt sich mit Photonendichtewellenspektroskopie beobachten. Ein Beispiel ist die Produktion von Polyhydroxyalkanoaten; die mikrobielle Synthese dieser Polymere lässt sich so inline untersuchen.
Neuer Name: Marianne‐Baudler‐Preis für Anorganische Chemie
Authors: Schmitz Karin J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn seiner Sitzung am 8. Dezember 2022 hat der GDCh‐Vorstand einstimmig beschlossen, den GDCh‐Preis für Anorganische Chemie künftig nach Marianne Baudler zu benennen. Der Preis wird seit 1950 vergeben und trug bis 2021 den Namen „Alfred Stock‐Gedächtnispreis“.
Regionales Fonds‐Stipendiatentreffen in Aachen
Authors: Flesch Stefan , Müller Marcel , Kleine Büning Julius 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEnde Oktober 2022 fand an der RWTH Aachen das Regionaltreffen der Stipendiaten des Fonds der Chemischen Industrie (FCI) im Rheinland statt. Organisiert hatten die Veranstaltung René M. Koenigs, Professor für organische Chemie an der RWTH Aachen, und sein Arbeitskreis. Während des eintägigen Programms stellten zwölf Nachwuchswissenschaftler, die der FCI mit einem Liebig‐ oder Kekulé‐Stipendium fördert, ihre Forschungsarbeiten vor.
Implementation of advanced triage in the Emergency Department of high complexity public hospital: Research protocol
Authors: Font‐Cabrera Cristina , Juvé‐Udina Maria Eulàlia , Galimany‐Masclans Jordi , Fabrellas Núria , Roselló‐Novella Alba , Sancho‐Agredano Raül , Adamuz Jordi , Guix‐Comellas Eva Maria 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimTo evaluate the efficacy of advanced nurse triage based on the quality of care outcomes of patients attending the Emergency Department of a high‐complexity hospital. To analyse the concept of advanced triage and the essential elements of the construct.DesignMixed longitudinal study, divided into 4 steps; which will include an initial qualitative step, two observational studies and finally, a quasi‐experimental study. Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT05230108.MethodsStep 1 will consist of a concept analysis. Step 2 will include a mapping of advanced practice protocol terminologies. Step 3 will analyse the opinion of health professionals on advanced triage. In step 4: in the retrospective phase (n = 1095), sociodemographic and clinical variables and quality indicators such as waiting time will be analysed. After that, in the prospective phase (n = 547), advanced triage will be implemented and the two cohorts will be compared. The whole study will be carried out from January 2022 to January 2024.DiscussionPatients classified as low complexity at triage are more vulnerable to emergency department overcrowding. The implementation of advanced triage would make it possible to respond to patient needs by offering equitable and quality healthcare, facilitating accessibility, safety and humanization of the emergency department.
Recreational land use contributes to the loss of marine biodiversity
Authors: Virtanen Elina A. , Kallio Niko , Nurmi Marco , Jernberg Susanna , Saikkonen Liisa , Forsblom Louise 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Coastal areas are at the centre of human–nature relationship, shaped by recreation, tourism and aesthetic values. However, socioeconomic drivers of biodiversity change in coastal areas have received less attention.

Soft sediment seafloors support diverse species communities and contribute to ecosystem functionality. One of the main threats is dredging, which sweeps resident organisms. Dredgings are commonly done to deepen waterways, but also for the purposes of private housing. The ecological impacts of these small‐sized dredgings are not well known over broad environmental and geographical gradients.

We developed a simple approach for spatial integration of ecological and socioeconomic system, to describe how recreational land use change contributes to the loss of marine biodiversity. It shows how human behaviour, such as preference for a location of second home, can be derived from spatial data and coupled with ecological change.

We characterize typical locations of second homes based on accessibility, aesthetics and environment, and with the information identified suitable areas for new second homes. We also quantified typical areas of dredging, based on the depth and substrate of the sea floor, and the extent of the reed beds, influencing the access to properties. We then simulate an annual increase of new second homes and expected land‐use change, namely dredging of shores. Finally, we quantified the realized and projected loss of marine biodiversity from dredged sites, based on species distribution models, relying on extensive ecological data collected from over 170,000 underwater sites.

We found that small‐sized dredging can be detrimental to coastal biodiversity, as dredging targets shallow, photic bays and lagoons, with diverse algal and aquatic plant communities, with limited recovery potential. Dredgings also had broad impacts on benthic faunal habitats, which maintain ecosystem processes and functions. Our results reveal a significant ecological change driven by recreational land use.

Reversing the trend of biodiversity loss requires a holistic understanding of socioecological systems. Our results highlight the need for integrating land–sea interactions into conservation policies and reforming current land‐use regulation for the benefit of marine biodiversity.

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