bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypercarbia in Hospitalized Children and Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa as a Predictive Marker for Readmission: A Prospective Study
Authors: Viaño-Nogueira Pedro , Aparicio-López Cristina , Prieto-Campo Ángela , Morón-Nozaleda Goretti , Camarneiro-Silva Ricardo , Graell-Berna Montserrat , de Lucas-Collantes Carmen 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Readmissions in anorexia nervosa (AN) are a common though understudied outcome. No organic alterations have been related to the likeliness of readmission to date. This study evaluated clinical and laboratory alterations associated to the risk of AN-related hospital readmissions in children and adolescents.
Methods
A prospective study was performed with every person ≤18 years old admitted due to AN destabilization to the Eating Disorder Ward of a freestanding children's hospital in Madrid (Spain) from November 2018 to October 2019. Both subtypes of AN were included. The participants were evaluated upon admission, at discharge and six months after discharge.
T-tests or Mann-Whitney U tests were used for means comparison. Pearson or Spearman correlations were used for measuring the association between two variables. Logistic regression models were developed to evaluate the relationship between scoring methods and readmission.
Results
154 persons were admitted during the study period. 131 met the inclusion criteria. Median age was 15.1 years (interquartile range 13.5-16.4). 71% of participants were malnourished at admission. 33 participants (25 %) had been previously admitted due to an eating disorder.
Remarkable venous pH decrease and pCO2 elevation remained stable during the follow-up period. Hypercarbia at discharge was associated with readmission being twice more likely. The odds of readmission increased as discharge pCO2 rose. These findings did not depend on the AN subtype or the participant sex. Electrolytes persisted within the normal range.
Conclusions
Hypercarbia and respiratory acidosis are common alterations in children and adolescents hospitalized due to AN destabilization. Hypercarbia persists for at least 6 months after discharge, despite clinical improvement, and is associated with higher odds of readmission. This is the first study to identify a laboratory alteration as a potential indicator of readmission in AN. Further research is needed to fully understand the consequences of hypercarbia on people diagnosed of AN.
Removal of HCl produced by PVC pyrolysis using CaO
Authors: Li Jie , Wang Minglei , Pang Yunji , Chen Yisheng , Wang Li , Wang Peng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a polymer made by free radical polymerization and is a common plastic raw material in our life. Currently, one of the ways to recycle PVC is to burn and pyrolysis it, and the HCl produced by pyrolysis has adverse effects on the environment and the human body. The objective of this research was to the pyrolysis of PVC during slow pyrolysis in a tubular heating furnace. Moreover, to evaluate the effect of different temperatures with different calcium oxide (CaO) addition ratios on the removal of HCl generated by PVC pyrolysis. In addition, the tar and gas produced by pyrolysis were also analyzed. Firstly, the solid-phase products resulting from the co-pyrolysis of PVC with CaO addition were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray energy spectrometry (EDS). Next, the crystalline content of the solid phase products was analyzed using X-ray diffractometry (XRD). FTIR analysis of the liquid-phase products of PVC pyrolysis under CaO addition was performed. The gas phase products were analyzed by GC for common gas compositions. The results showed that more reactive sites were provided at a Ca/Cl addition ratio of 2:1. The peak value of alkaline calcium chloride was highest at 500°C, which indicates that the removal of HCl is best at 500°C. It was observed that the HCl removal efficiency reached 93.4% at a Ca/Cl ratio of 2:1 at a temperature of 550°C. This study provides a new theoretical basis for the pyrolytic removal of HCl from PVC.
Affection Mechanism of Fiscal Decentralization on Environmental Pollution: from a Perspective of Industrial Restructuring
Authors: Zhou Yufei , Li Shuqin , Li Jingmei , Chen Ji , Hu Qiuguang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Fiscal decentralization is an institutional feature of China’s economic development, which is contributing to better understanding of ecological issues. Industrial restructuring, as an important tool for local governments to develop the economy, is also a major cause of environmental pollution. This paper exams fiscal decentralization, industrial restructuring, and environmental pollution under a unified analytical framework and uses panel data of 286 cities in China from 2003 to 2018 to conduct an empirical test. The result reveals that environmental pollution is significantly spatially correlated, with pollutants spreading within neighbouring areas. Fiscal decentralization directly impacts environmental pollution and affect regional environment by changing regional industrial structure indirectly. Under a spatial perspective, fiscal decentralization and industrial structure are separately responsible for environmental pollution in neighbouring regions. Fiscal and industrial competition in neighbouring regions exacerbate local environmental pollution through the negative incentive of “bottom-up competition”.
GCN-CA: Co-Attention for Text Matching by Text Graph Representation
Authors: Liu Gang , Yan Zhizheng , Dong Yichao , Wang Tongli , Zhan Kai 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
For text matching task, most works usually own to lack sequence information, neglect some text information, consequently, and thus fail to extract deeper interaction information by merely using insufficient information extraction methods. Graph representation learning is an effective method, which maps nodes into vectors to retain as much topological information as possible. We propose a feature extraction and text matching method based on graph convolutional network and co-attention mechanism called GCN-CA. It is designed to realize text interaction and matching feature extraction by constructing a text graph, which integrates syntactic information and sequence information into the graph by dividing text matching task into two phrases: extracting features and matching. This paper proposed models contains graph convolutional network constructing a text graph which has syntactic and sequence information, and a multi-layer co-attention network realizing text interaction and matching feature extraction. Experiments show that the proposed approach achieves competitive performances on the Quora, Ant Financial datasets. We achieve accuracy 0.9073 and F1 0.9052 on Quoradatasets, and accuracy 0.7780 and F1 0.7493 on Ant Financial datasets.
Geomechanical modelling and stability analysis of the shallow underground water reservoir 'Palombaro Lungo' (Matera-Italy)
Authors: Bruno Giovanni , Tupputi Daniele , Simeone Vincenzo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The city of Matera, as several other ancient historical town, is recovering a large part of its ancient parts developing a policy of urban regeneration. In the early 90s during the restoration works of the main square, Piazza Vittorio Veneto, it was re-discovered a huge underground space used as water reservoir named Palombaro Lungo. It was built linking ancient pre-existing smaller caves and completed at the end of the 19th century making it impermeable with opus signinum. The hypogeum is dug in a Plio-Pleistocene rock called Gravina Calcarenite. It is a weak rock with good mechanical properties, low permeability and easy to be dug. The internal geometry of the hypogeum and the rock thicknesses above the caves was reconstructed by the integration of topographic and GPR surveys.
In this paper is presented a geo-mechanical model of Palombaro Lungo underground reservoir and an evaluation of its stability that is part of the studies for the evaluation for the recovery of the ancient historical town. The stability analysis were developed using the numerical code UDEC for several transect of Palombaro Lungo assuming the calcarenitic blocks as deformable, trying to address the evolution of the stress-strain conditions.
The case study can be considered as an example of general interest for the study of rupestrian underground reservoir of a longed form, where one planimetric dimension strictly prevails over the other. Numerical simulations showed a stress-strain state compatible with the fractures detected in situ and confirmed the absence of instability problems in the groundwater reservoir.
Analyzing Factors Contributing to Real-time Train Arrival Delays using Seemingly Unrelated Regression Models
Authors: Tiong Kah Yong , Ma Zhenliang , Palmqvist Carl-William 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Understanding the impact of various factors on train arrival delays is a prerequisite for effective railway traffic operating control and management. Existing studies analyze the train delay factors using a single, generic regression equation, restricting their capability in accounting for heterogeneous impacts of spatiotemporal factors on arrival delays as the train travels along its route. The paper proposes a set of equations conditional on the train location for analyzing train arrival delay factors at stations. We develop a seemingly unrelated regression equation (SURE) model to estimate the coefficients simultaneously while considering potential correlations between regression residuals caused by shared unobserved variables among equations. The railway data from 2017 to 2020 in Sweden are used to validate the proposed model and explore the effects of various factors on train arrival delays. The results confirm the necessity of developing a set of station-specific train arrival delay models to understand the heterogeneous impact of explanatory variables. The results show that the significant factors impacting train arrival delays are primarily train operations, including dwell times, running times, and operation delays from previous trains and upstream stations. The factors of the calendar, weather, and maintenance are also significant in impacting delays. Importantly, different train operating management strategies should be targeted at different stations since the impacts of these factors could vary depending on where the station is.
Visible emission line spectroscopy of the solar corona during the 2019 total solar eclipse
Authors: Muro Gabriel Domingo , Gunn Matt , Fearn Stephen , Fearn Tomos , Morgan Huw 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Spectroscopic measurements of the low solar corona are crucial to understanding the mechanisms that heat the corona and accelerate the solar wind, yet the lowest solar radii (R⊙) of the corona is difficult to observe. Our expedition collected narrow wavelengths of visible light at 530.3, 637.4, and 789.2 nm emitted by Fe XIV, X, and XI ions, respectively, from the total solar eclipse on 2019 July 2 at 20:40 UTC in Rodeo, Argentina with a bespoke 3-channel spectrometer. This paper describes the instrument, and data calibration method that enables diagnostics out to ≈1.0 R⊙ above the solar limb within a bright helmet streamer. We find that Fe X and XI lines are dominant through 0.3 R⊙, with Fe XIV maintaining a stronger signal at higher elevations. Thermal broadening is consistent with 4 MK for the cooler Fe X and XI lines, and 6 MK for the hottest Fe XIV line, which can be interpreted as differing density scale heights within isolated, isothermal flux tubes. The Doppler measurements correspond to bulk plasma motion ranging from -12 to +2.5 km s-1, with Fe XIV moving at nearly an assumed solid body rotation rate throughout 1.0 R⊙. After considering coronal rotation, these measurements are likely associated with plasma motion along the dominant longitudinal orientation of the magnetic field at the streamer base within 0.4R⊙. These results show that high resolution spectroscopy of visible light offers valuable diagnostics of the low corona, and lend insight into the interconnected loop complexity within helmet streamers.
The global, regional, and national burden and quality of care index (QCI) of kidney cancer; a Global Burden of Disease systematic analysis 1990–2019
Authors: Khadembashiri Mohamad Mehdi , Ghasemi Erfan , Khadembashiri Mohamad Amin , Azadnajafabad Sina , Moghaddam Sahar Saeedi , Eslami Mohamad , Rashidi Mohammad-Mahdi , Naderian Mohammadreza , Esfahani Zahra , Ahmadi Naser , Rezaei Nazila , Fateh Sahar Mohammadi , Kompani Farzad , Larijani Bagher , Farzadfar Farshad 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Kidney cancer is a prevalent cancer worldwide. The incidence and mortality rates of Kidney Cancer (KC) have risen in recent decades. The quality of care provided to KC patients is a concern for public health. Considering the importance of KC, in this study, we aim to assess the burden of the disease, gender and age disparities globally, regionally and nationally to evaluate the quality and inequities of KC care.
Methods
The 2019 Global Burden of Disease study provides data on the burden of the KC. The secondary indices, including mortality-to-incidence ratio, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)-to-prevalence ratio, prevalence-to-incidence ratio, and years of life lost (YLLs)-to-years lived with disability (YLDs) ratio, were utilized. These four newly merged indices were converted to the quality-of-care index (QCI) as a summary measure using principal component analysis (PCA). QCI ranged between 0 and 100, and higher amounts of QCI indicate higher quality of care. gender disparity ratio (GDR) was calculated by dividing QCI for females by males to show gender inequity.
Results
The global age-standardized incidence and mortality rates of KC increased by 29.1% (95% uncertainty interval 18.7 to 40.7) and 11.6% (4.6 to 20.0) between 1990 and 2019, respectively. Globally, the QCI score for KC increased by 14.6% during 30 years, from 71.3 to 81.6. From 1990 to 2019, the QCI score has increased in all Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintiles. By 2019, the highest QCI score was in regions with a high SDI (93.0), and the lowest was in low SDI quintiles (38.2). Based on the World Health Organization regions, the QCI score was highest in the Region of the Americas, with Canada having the highest score (99.6) and the lowest in the African Region, where the Central African Republic scored the lowest (17.2). In 1990, the GDR was 0.98, and in 2019, it was 0.97 showing an almost similar QCI score for females and males.
Conclusion
Although the quality of care for kidney cancer has improved from 1990 to 2019, there is a significant gap between nations and different socioeconomic levels. This study provides clinicians and health authorities with a global perspective on the quality of care for KC and identifies the existing disparities.
Quality of life and Its Association With Radiation-Induced Oral Mucositis in Patients With Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma During Radiotherapy: A Prospective Study
Authors: Wang Lei , Liu Xiaohui , Shu Zekai , Zeng Ziyi , Yu Bingqi , Huang Shuang , Hua Yonghong , Jin Ting , Tao Changjuan , Cao Caineng , Xu Zumin , Jin Qifeng , Jiang Feng , Feng Xinglai , Piao Yongfeng , Huang Jing , Chen Xiaozhong , Wu Hui , Wang Xiushen , Lu Lixia , Qiu Rongliang , Chen Yuanyuan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe aimed to investigate the quality of life of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients during treatment and association with radiation-induced oral mucositis (ROM). A prospective study of 173 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma was initiated. Quality of life (QoL) was evaluated using the self-reported quality of life questionnaire for Head and Neck (QLQ-H&N 35) and ROM was evaluated before treatment and weekly with the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events dictionary (CTCAE 4.0). Patients were divided into three groups (mild, moderate, severe groups) according to the duration of ≥ 3 grade ROM. The ANOVA analysis was performed to investigate the change in life quality and its association with ROM. During the treatment process, there was a significant decrease in patient QoL from T0 to T1-6. There were also significant differences (p < 0.05) observed in most scales at several time points (especially between T4 and T6), between the groups (mildvs.severe group). The QoL for NPC patients deteriorated during treatment and was associated with ROM. Patients with severe ROM were likely to develop the poorest QoL. More supportive intervention should be carried out early particularly for those with severe ROM.
Surgical Management of Extrahepatic Portal Vein Obstruction in Children: Advantages of Meso-Rex Shunt Compared with Distal Spleno-Renal Shunt
Authors: Khamag Omar , Numanoglu Alp , Rode Heinz , Millar Alastair , Cox Sharon 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
PURPOSE
To review surgical management of extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO) at Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital and compare Meso-Rex shunt (MRS) with distal splenorenal shunt (DSRS).
METHODS
A single-centre retrospective review documenting pre- and post-operative data in 21 children. Twenty-two shunts performed, 15 MRS and 7 DSRS over 18-year period. Patients were followed up for a mean of 11 years (range: 2–18). Data analysis included demographics, albumin, prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), International normalized ratio (INR), fibrinogen, total bilirubin, liver enzymes and platelets before the operation and 2-years after shunt surgery.
RESULTS
One MRS thrombosed immediately post-surgery and the child was salvaged with DSRS. Variceal bleeding was controlled in both groups. Significant improvements were seen amongst MRS cohort in serum albumin, PT, PTT, and platelets and there was a mild improvement in serum fibrinogen. The DSRS cohort showed only a significant improvement in the platelet count. Neonatal umbilic vein catheterization (UVC) was a major risk for Rex vein obliteration.
CONCLUSION
In EHPVO, MRS is superior to DSRS and improves liver synthetic function. DSRS does control variceal bleeding but should only be considered when MRS is not technically feasible or as a salvage procedure when MRS fails.
What Causes Aplastic Anaemia: Results of Transplants from Genetically-Identical Twins
Authors: Gale Robert , Hinterberger Wolfgang , Young Neal S. , GENNERY Andrew , Dvorak Christopher , Hebert Kyle , Heim Michael , Broglie Larisa , Eapen Mary 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background Aplastic anaemia has diverse aetiologies. Distinguishing between these is, in part, testable by analyzing results of haematopoietic cells transplants between genetically-identical twins one of whom has aplastic anaemia.
Objective Describe outcomes of genetically-identical twin transplants for aplastic anaemia with and without pretransplant conditioning.
Methods We interrogated data from an observational database of 59 consecutive recipients of genetically-identical twin transplants for aplastic anaemia reported to the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR) 2000-2019.
Results 38 subjects were male. Median age was 18 years (Interquartile Range [IQR], 11-32 years). Median interval from diagnosis to transplant was 2 months (IQR 1-3 months). 11 subjects received a 1st transplant without pretransplant conditioning. 2 of recovered normal bone marrow function. The other 9 received a 2nd transplant with pretransplant conditioning 7 of whom recovered. 48 subjects received pretransplant conditioning before a 1st or 2nd transplant all of whom recovered.
Conclusion Only some genetically-identical twins with aplastic anaemia recover normal bone marrow function after a 1st haematopoietic cell transplant without pretransplant conditioning whereas most subjects recover when a transplant is preceded by pretransplant conditioning. These data are consistent with an immune-mediated aetiology of aplastic anaemia in most cases.
Myocardial work in children with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
Authors: Borrelli Nunzia , Salvo Giovanni Di , Ciriello Giovanni Domenico , Sabatino Jolanda , Avesani Martina , Leo Isabella , Barracano Rosaria , Scognamiglio Giancarlo , Russo Maria Giovanna , Sarubbi Berardo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objective
Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome (WPW) has been associated with reduced local myocardial deformation, and when left ventricular dysfunction is present, catheter ablation of the accessory pathway may be required, even in asymptomatic patients. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of non-invasive myocardial work in predicting subtle abnormalities in myocardial performance in children with WPW.
Methods and results
Seventy-five paediatric patients (age 8.7 ± 3.5 years) were retrospectively recruited for the study: 25 cases with manifest WPW and 50 age- and sex- matched controls (CTR). Global myocardial work index (MWI) was measured as the area of the left ventricle (LV) pressure-strain loops. From MWI, global Myocardial Constructive Work (MCW), Wasted Work (MWW), and Work Efficiency (MWE) were estimated. In addition, standard echocardiographic parameters of LV function were evaluated. Despite normal LV ejection fraction (EF) and global longitudinal strain (GLS), children with WPW had worse MWI, MCW, MWW and MWE. At multivariate analysis, MWI and MCW were associated with GLS and systolic blood pressure, and QRS was the best independent predictor of low MWE and MWW. In particular, a QRS>110 msec showed good sensitivity and specificity for worse MWE and MWW values.
Conclusion
In children with WPW, myocardial work indices were found significantly reduced, even in presence of normal LV EF and GLS. This study supports the systematic use of myocardial work during the follow-up of paediatric patients with WPW, and myocardial work analysis may represent a sensitive measure of LV performance and aid in decision-making.
Inline determination of the gel elastic modulus during milk coagulation using a multifiber optical probe
Authors: Villaquiran Zulma , Zamora Anna , Arango Oscar , Castillo Manuel 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
From a state-of-the-art point of view, it is currently possible to optically monitor the enzymatic coagulation of milk for real time estimation of the elastic modulus to cut the gel at optimum gel firmness. However, European cheese industry produces a wide variety of cheeses, many of them artisanal, and has a very fragmented productive structure with many small-, medium-sized companies. Therefore, if the technology is to be successfully uptake, it must be not only accurate but very low-cost. The objective of this work was to evaluate a low-cost commercial multifiber probe, for inline optical determination of curd firmness during cheese making. Preliminary tests were carried out to select the most appropriate fiber core size and wavelength and after that coagulation trials were performed following a fully randomized factorial design with two factors, i.e., concentration of protein (3.2, 3.6 and 4.0%) and added calcium (150, 200 and 250 mg L-1), with three replicates. The observed linear increase of the least square means of the initial voltage with the protein content (V0 = 0.15[P, %] + 0.88; R2 = 0.999), will be likely synergistic with the elastic modulus prediction, if the model needs to be corrected for protein. Finally, the multifiber probe allowed predicting curd firmness using the proposed model with SEP values < 7 Pa. The present work has proven that a low-cost multifiber probe is suitable for accurate, real-time prediction of curd firmness during cheese manufacture.