bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Expert Neandertal Mind and Brain, Revisited
Authors: Coolidge Frederick L. , Wynn Thomas , Overmann Karenleigh A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In discussions of the Neandertal extinction, morphological differences in brain shape and brain regions between Homo sapiens and Neandertals are often ignored or dismissed as inconsequential, despite the fact that skull shape is diagnostic of the species to which a specimen belongs. The purpose of the present chapter is to discuss the potential cognitive consequences of three well-established brain differences and their possible eventual role in the extinction of Neandertals. These morphological brain differences include larger olfactory bulbs, expanded parietal lobes, and a larger cerebellum-to-cerebrum ratio in H. sapiens compared to Neandertals. The phenotypic consequences of these brain differences include better smell identification and sensitivity, with implications for mate selection and disease immunity; enhanced social cognitive abilities and greater theory of mind; and innovation and creativity, respectively.
Retrospective Analysis Within a Counterpoint Framework
Authors: Abramiuk Marc A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, two forms of analysis that are frequently undertaken in cognitive archaeology—prospective analysis and retrospective analysis—are differentiated. Prospective analysis in recent decades has tended to dominate certain themes in cognitive archaeological research and among these themes is the study of ancient Maya rituals. In this study, a retrospective analysis is conducted on a stela ritual deposit uncovered at the ancient Maya site of Quebrada de Oro located in the interior of the southern Maya Mountains of Belize. Retrospective analysis involves anchoring inferences regarding aspects of the human mind in the past—in this case, motives—to epistemologically familiar human behaviors and thought processes. The interpretation from the results of this analysis is used as a counterpoint to the conventional interpretation of similar ancient Maya ritual deposits which have been derived from prospective analysis. This proposed analytical framework of using both forms of analysis as respective counterpoints, it is asserted, can broaden or narrow our interpretations of the study of the human mind in the past depending on the case.
Methods in Neuroarchaeology
Authors: Hecht Erin , Stout Dietrich 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
How can we study evolutionary changes in brain organization and function in the hominin lineage, given that brain tissue does not fossilize? Neuroarchaeology addresses this problem in three main ways. First, comparative research with non-human primates provides phylogenetic perspective in which to situate neuroarchaeological work by allowing us to understand general patterns across deep evolutionary history. Accumulating research suggests that more recent hominin brain adaptations are elaborations and exaptations of these more ancient adaptive trajectories. Second, we can study patterns of activation and structural organization associated with archaeologically visible behaviors like stone tool-making and relate these to variation in the aptitude and performance of modern experimental participants. Third, we can examine how brain activity and structure change during the acquisition of such skills. This establishes a framework for inferring likely selective pressures and evolutionary responses from the primary evidence preserved in the archaeological and paleontological records. We discuss specific methods, including structural MRI, diffusion tensor imaging, and functional neuroimaging, as well as analysis techniques that can be used to test hypotheses with these types of data.
Parasocial Relationships in Children
Authors: Jennings Nancy A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses how children develop parasocial relationships (PSRs) with media figures and the effects of these experiences within young and middle childhood. First, the chapter reviews research on the characteristics of children’s PSRs: When and with whom do children form PSRs? What attracts children to particular media figures? How and when do children terminate their PSRs and move to other ones? Then, the chapter discusses educational and social–emotional effects that PSRs have on children, from examining the effect of educational programs such as Daniel Tiger’s Neighborhood on emotional development to experimental research on how manipulation of a PSR with a novel cartoon character can promote academic gains.
P-MIRU, a Polarized Multispectral Imaging System, Reveals Reflection Information on the Biological Surface
Authors: Balandra Alfonso , Doll Yuki , Hirose Shogo , Kajiwara Tomoaki , Kashino Zendai , Inami Masahiko , Koshimizu Shizuka , Fukaki Hidehiro , Watahiki Masaaki K 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Reflection light forms the core of our visual perception of the world. We can obtain vast information by examining reflection light from biological surfaces, including pigment composition and distribution, tissue structure and surface microstructure. However, because of the limitations in our visual system, the complete information in reflection light, which we term ‘reflectome’, cannot be fully exploited. For example, we may miss reflection light information outside our visible wavelengths. In addition, unlike insects, we have virtually no sensitivity to light polarization. We can detect non-chromatic information lurking in reflection light only with appropriate devices. Although previous studies have designed and developed systems for specialized uses supporting our visual systems, we still do not have a versatile, rapid, convenient and affordable system for analyzing broad aspects of reflection from biological surfaces. To overcome this situation, we developed P-MIRU, a novel multispectral and polarization imaging system for reflecting light from biological surfaces. The hardware and software of P-MIRU are open source and customizable and thus can be applied for virtually any research on biological surfaces. Furthermore, P-MIRU is a user-friendly system for biologists with no specialized programming or engineering knowledge. P-MIRU successfully visualized multispectral reflection in visible/non-visible wavelengths and simultaneously detected various surface phenotypes of spectral polarization. The P-MIRU system extends our visual ability and unveils information on biological surfaces.
Electrical Stimulation in the Treatment of Pressure Injuries: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials
Authors: Szołtys-Brzezowska Bogna , Bańkowska Alicja , Piejko Laura , Zarzeczny Ryszard , Nawrat-Szołtysik Agnieszka , Kloth Luther C. , Polak Anna 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

GENERAL PURPOSE
To provide information on evidence-based practice regarding the use of electrical stimulation for pressure injury management.

TARGET AUDIENCE
This continuing education activity is intended for physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES/OUTCOMES
After participating in this educational activity, the participant will:
1. Apply clinical practice recommendations related to the use of electrical stimulation in the treatment of pressure injuries.
2. Identify issues related to the use of electrical stimulation to treat pressure injuries.

OBJECTIVE
To summarize evidence regarding the use of electrical stimulation for pressure injury (PI) management with a systematic review of randomized clinical trials.

DATA SOURCES
The authors searched scientific databases (PubMed, EBSCO, Medline, and Elsevier) and the online resources of gray publications for studies published between January 1, 1980, and June 20, 2021, using the keywords “electrostimulation,” “electrical stimulation,” “pressure ulcer,” “pressure injury,” “bedsore,” and “decubitus ulcer.”

STUDY SELECTION
The search procedure generated 342 articles. Of these, 241 were disqualified after title screening, 52 after abstract screening, and 33 after full-text review; 16 articles were included in the review. Included articles were full-text reports of randomized clinical trials involving patients with PIs that had at least two patient groups, detailed how wounds healed, and were written in English.

DATA EXTRACTION
The authors extracted information about the purpose and design of each trial, patient inclusion and exclusion criteria, research methods, statistical analysis, findings, and conclusions.

DATA SYNTHESIS
Researchers applied high-voltage monophasic pulsed current (HVMPC) in 10 trials, two trials used low-voltage monophasic pulsed current, three trials tested a low-voltage biphasic pulsed current, and one trial used low-intensity direct current.

CONCLUSIONS
The effect of HVMPC in the treatment of PIs has been most thoroughly investigated in clinical trials. The results are consistent and indicate that HVMPC (twin-peak impulse, 50–154 μs, 100 pps, 45–60 min/d) is effective in PI treatment.
The Use of Virtual Reality in the Rehabilitation of Chronic Nonspecific Neck Pain
Authors: Ye Gongkai , Koh Ryan G.L , Jaiswal Kishore , Soomal Harghun , Kumbhare Dinesh 
Published: May 2023

Objectives:
There has been a major interest in using virtual reality (VR) as a pain-management tool. This systematic review evaluated the literature on the use of VR in the treatment of chronic nonspecific neck pain (CNNP).

Methods:
Electronic database searches were conducted in Cochrane, Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus between inception and November 22, 2022. Search terms used were synonyms of “chronic neck pain” and “virtual reality.” Inclusion criteria were as follows: chronic neck pain patients or pain lasting longer than 3 months; nonspecific neck pain; adult population; VR intervention; and functional and/or psychological outcomes. Study characteristics, quality, participant demographics, and results were independently extracted by 2 reviewers.

Results:
VR interventions demonstrated significant improvement in patients experiencing CNNP. Scores in the visual analogue scale, the Neck Disability Index, and range of motion were significantly improved compared with baseline but not better than gold standard kinematic treatments.

Discussion:
Our results suggest that VR is a promising tool for chronic pain management; however, there is a lack of VR intervention design consistency, objective outcome measures, follow-up reporting, and large sample sizes. Future research should focus on designing VR interventions to serve specific, individualized movement goals as well as combining quantifiable outcomes with existing self-report measures.
Combination Psychotropic Use for Schizophrenia With Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics and Oral Antipsychotics
Authors: Onitsuka Toshiaki , Okada Tsuyoshi , Hasegawa Naomi , Tsuboi Takashi , Iga Jun-ichi , Yasui-Furukori Norio , Yamada Naoki , Hori Hikaru , Muraoka Hiroyuki , Ohi Kazutaka , Ogasawara Kazuyoshi , Ochi Shinichiro , Takeshima Masahiro , Ichihashi Kayo , Fukumoto Kentaro , Iida Hitoshi , Yamada Hisashi , Furihata Ryuji , Makinodan Manabu , Takaesu Yoshikazu , Numata Shusuke , Komatsu Hiroshi , Hishimoto Akitoyo , Kido Mikio , Atake Kiyokazu , Yamagata Hirotaka , Kikuchi Saya , Hashimoto Naoki , Usami Masahide , Katsumoto Eiichi , Asami Takeshi , Kubota Chika , Matsumoto Junya , Miura Kenichiro , Hirano Yoji , Watanabe Koichiro , Inada Ken , Hashimoto Ryota 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Although several guidelines recommend monotherapy with antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia, patients who receive long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs) are frequently treated with oral antipsychotics (OAPs). In the present study, we investigated the detailed use of psychotropic medications among patients throughout Japan with schizophrenia who received LAIs or OAPs.

Methods
The present study used data from the project for the Effectiveness of Guidelines for Dissemination and Education in psychiatric treatment from 94 facilities in Japan. The LAI group included patients who received any LAI, and the non-LAI group included patients who took only OAP medications at discharge. The participants of this study were 2518 schizophrenia patients (263 in the LAI group and 2255 in the non-LAI group) who received inpatient treatment and had prescription information at discharge between 2016 and 2020.

Results
This study revealed significantly higher rates of polypharmacy antipsychotics, number of antipsychotics, and chlorpromazine equivalents in the LAI group than in the non-LAI group. In contrast, the LAI group showed lower rate of concomitant use of hypnotic and/or antianxiety medication than the non-LAI group.

Conclusions
Presenting these real-world clinical results, we want to encourage clinicians to keep monotherapy in mind for the treatment of schizophrenia, especially by reducing concomitant use of antipsychotics in the LAI group and reducing hypnotic and/or antianxiety medication in the non-LAI group.
Pharmacokinetics of Ketamine Transfer Into Human Milk
Authors: Majdinasab Elleana , Datta Palika , Krutsch Kaytlin , Baker Teresa , Hale Thomas W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurpose/BackgroundKetamine is anN-methyl-d-aspartate–antagonistic dissociative anesthetic infused intermittently for off-label management of treatment-resistant depression, acute suicidality, and postpartum depression. Despite the prevalence of postpartum depression nearing upward of 15% of deliveries, almost no research has been done to evaluate its safety during lactation.MethodsIn this study, human milk samples were released from the InfantRisk Center's Human Milk Biorepository of 4 participants treated with intermittent ketamine infusions (49–378 mg) to determine the levels of the drug and its active norketamine metabolite using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry.ResultsThe absolute infant dose of ketamine from human milk was 0.003 to 0.017 mg/kg per day, and norketamine was 0.005 to 0.018 mg/kg per day. The relative infant dose (RID) for ketamine ranged from 0.34% to 0.57%. The RID for norketamine ranged from 0.29% to 0.95%. There were no reported infant adverse effects.ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest that the transfer of ketamine, as well as its active metabolite, norketamine, into human milk is minimal, as estimated by RIDs less than 1% in all participants. These relative doses are well below standardly accepted safety thresholds.
Safer Type 1 Diabetes Care at Home: SEIPS-based Process Mapping with Parents and Clinicians
Authors: Kirkendall Eric S. , Brady Patrick W. , Corathers Sarah D. , Ruddy Richard M. , Fox Catherine , Nelson Hailee , Wetterneck Tosha B. , Rodgers Isabelle , Walsh Kathleen E. 
Published: May 2023

Introduction:
The limited data indicate that pediatric medical errors in the outpatient setting, including at home, are common. This study is the first step of our Ambulatory Pediatric Patient Safety Learning Lab to address medication errors and treatment delays among children with T1D in the outpatient setting. We aimed to identify failures and potential solutions associated with medication errors and treatment delays among outpatient children with T1D.

Methods:
A transdisciplinary team of parents, safety researchers, and clinicians used Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) based process mapping of data we collected through in-home medication review, observation of administration, chart reviews, parent surveys, and failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA).

Results:
Eight (57%) of the 14 children who had home visits experienced 18 errors (31 per 100 medications). Four errors in two children resulted in harm, and 13 had the potential for harm. Two injuries occurred when parents failed to treat severe hypoglycemia and lethargy, and two were due to repeated failures to administer insulin at home properly. In SEIPS-based process maps, high-risk errors occurred during communication between the clinic and home or in management at home. Two FMEAs identified interventions to better communicate with families and support home care, especially during evolving illness.

Conclusion:
Using SEIPS-based process maps informed by multimodal methods to identify medication errors and treatment delays, we found errors were common. Better support for managing acute illness at home and improved communication between the clinic and home are potentially high-yield interventions.
Deep Learning–Accelerated Liver Diffusion-Weighted Imaging
Authors: Kim Dong Hwan , Kim Bohyun , Lee Hyun-Soo , Benkert Thomas , Kim Hokun , Choi Joon-Il , Oh Soon Nam , Rha Sung Eun 
Published: May 2023

Objectives
Deep learning–reconstructed diffusion-weighted imaging (DL-DWI) is an emerging promising time-efficient method for liver evaluation, but analyses regarding different motion compensation strategies are lacking. This study evaluated the qualitative and quantitative features, sensitivity for focal lesion detection, and scan time of free-breathing (FB) DL-DWI and respiratory-triggered (RT) DL-DWI compared with RT conventional DWI (C-DWI) in the liver and a phantom.

Materials and Methods
Eighty-six patients indicated for liver MRI underwent RT C-DWI, FB DL-DWI, and RT DL-DWI with matching imaging parameters other than the parallel imaging factor and number of averages. Two abdominal radiologists independently assessed qualitative features (structural sharpness, image noise, artifacts, and overall image quality) using a 5-point scale. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) along with the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value and its standard deviation (SD) were measured in the liver parenchyma and a dedicated diffusion phantom. For focal lesions, per-lesion sensitivity, conspicuity score, SNR, and ADC value were evaluated. Wilcoxon signed rank test and repeated-measures analysis of variance with post hoc test revealed the difference in DWI sequences.

Results
Compared with RT C-DWI, the scan times for FB DL-DWI and RT DL-DWI were reduced by 61.5% and 23.9%, respectively, with statistically significant differences between all 3 pairs (all P's < 0.001). Respiratory-triggered DL-DWI showed a significantly sharper liver margin, less image noise, and more minor cardiac motion artifact compared with RT C-DWI (all P's < 0.001), whereas FB DL-DWI showed more blurred liver margins and poorer intrahepatic vessels demarcation than RT C-DWI. Both FB- and RT DL-DWI showed significantly higher SNRs than RT C-DWI in all liver segments (all P's < 0.001). There was no significant difference in overall ADC values across DWI sequences in the patient or phantom, with the highest value recorded in the left liver dome by RT C-DWI. The overall SD was significantly lower with FB DL-DWI and RT DL-DWI than RT C-DWI (all P's ≤ 0.003). Respiratory-triggered DL-DWI showed a similar per-lesion sensitivity (0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.90–0.99) and conspicuity score to those of RT C-DWI and significantly higher SNR and contrast-to-noise ratio values (P ≤ 0.006). The per-lesion sensitivity of FB DL-DWI (0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.85–0.95) was significantly lower than that of RT C-DWI (P = 0.001), with a significantly lower conspicuity score.

Conclusions
Compared with RT C-DWI, RT DL-DWI demonstrated superior SNR, comparable sensitivity for focal hepatic lesions, and reduced acquisition time, making it a suitable alternative to RT C-DWI. Despite FB DL-DWI's weakness in motion-related challenges, further refinement could potentiate FB DL-DWI in the context of abbreviated screening protocols, where time efficiency is a high priority.
Risk Factors for Progression in Patients Undergoing Surveillance for Pancreatic Cysts
Authors: Armstrong Misha T. , Saadat Lily V. , Chou Joanne F. , Gönen Mithat , Balachandran Vinod P. , D’Angelica Michael I. , Drebin Jeffrey A. , Flood Jennifer , Jarnagin William R. , Kingham T. Peter , Rolston Vineet S. , Schattner Mark A. , Wei Alice C. , Soares Kevin C. 
Published: May 2023

Objective:
To identify risk factors associated with progression of pancreatic cysts in patients undergoing surveillance.

Summary Background Data:
Previous studies of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) rely on surgical series to determine malignancy risk and have inconsistently identified characteristics associated with IPMN progression.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective review of 2197 patients presenting with imaging concerning for IPMN from 2010-2019 at a single institution. Cyst progression was defined as resection or pancreatic cancer development.

Results:
Median follow-up time was 84 months from presentation. The median age was 66 years, and 62% were female. Ten percent had a first-degree relative with pancreatic cancer, and 3.2% had a germline mutation or genetic syndrome associated with increased risk of PDAC. Cumulative incidence of progression was 17.8% and 20.0% at 12- and 60-months post-presentation, respectively. Surgical pathology for 417 resected cases showed non-invasive IPMN in 39% of cases and PDAC with or without associated IPMN in 20%. Only 18 patients developed PDAC after 6 months of surveillance (0.8%). On multivariable analysis, symptomatic disease (hazard ratio [HR] 1.58 [95% CI 1.25–2.01]), current smoker status (HR 1.58 [95% CI 1.16–2.15]), cyst size (HR 1.26 [95% CI 1.20–1.33]), main duct dilation (HR 3.17 [95% CI 2.44–4.11]), and solid components (HR 1.89 [95% CI 1.34–2.66]) were associated with progression.

Conclusions:
Worrisome features on imaging at presentation, current smoker status, and symptomatic presentation are associated with IPMN progression. Most patients progressed within the first year of presentation to MSKCC. Further investigation is necessary to develop personalized cyst surveillance strategies.
Contrasting the open access dissemination of COVID-19 and SDG research
Authors: Larivière Vincent , Basson Isabel , Clark Jocalyn P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper examines the extent to which research has been published open access in response to two global threats: COVID-19 and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including climate change. We compare the accessibility of COVID-19 content versus SDG literature using the Dimensions database between 2000 and 2021, classifying each publication as gold open access, green, bronze, hybrid, or closed. We found that 79.9% of COVID-19 research papers published between January 2020 and December 2021 was open access, with 39.0% published with gold open access licenses. In contrast, just 55.7% of SDG papers were open access in the same time period, with only 36.0% published with gold open access licenses. Papers related to the climate emergency overall had the second-lowest level of open access at just 55.5%. Papers published by the largest for-profit publishers that committed to both the SDG Publishers Compact and climate actions were not predominantly published open access. The paper highlights the need for continued efforts to promote open access publishing to facilitate scientific research and technological development to address global challenges.One-Sentence SummaryIn contrast to COVID-19 papers, research on UN Sustainable Development Goals including the climate emergency have not been made open access by leading global science publishers despite their corporate commitments to sustainability and climate action.