bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An International Investigation of Variability in Teacher Perceptions of Bias-Based Bullying and Their Likelihood of Intervening
Authors: Khanolainen Daria , Hall Andrew , Craig Wendy , Trach Jessica , Noetzel Jared , Starosta Lindsay , Dhungana-Sainju Karla , Bjärehed Jonas , Thornberg Robert , Bayram-Özdemir Sevgi , Bjärehed Marlene , Görzig Anke , Wright Michelle , Betts Lucy , Swearer Susan , Hymel Shelley 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Bias-based bullying (i.e., bullying due to marginalized identities) is a significant and ongoing challenge within contemporary educational settings. Teachers are crucial in mitigating such harmful behaviors and cultivating positive peer relationships. The present study explores teachers’ perceptions of and intervention intentions in bias-based bullying situations across diverse cultural and educational settings. Using a between-subjects experimental design, primary and secondary teachers from 13 international sites located in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America (n = 4990) were randomly assigned to read a hypothetical vignette depicting student victimization based on their ethnicity, learning difficulties, physical appearance, gender expression, or sexual orientation. Multilevel linear models revealed that teachers’ perceptions varied depending on the type of bias-based bullying, such that when teachers were presented with a situation of bullying based on gender expression or sexual orientation, they reported lower levels of perceived responsibility, self-efficacy, and importance of responding when compared to other types of bullying. At the same time, teachers were less likely to blame the victim of bullying and expressed greater empathy towards involved students when being presented with a situation of weight-based bullying. However, there were no significant differences in rated intervention intentions across conditions. Results have important implications for teacher education and development, as well as for existing anti-bullying intervention programs.
Critical Factors in Parabolic Nozzle Design and Performance Analysis with CFD
Authors: Cristóvão Silva João , Brójo Francisco 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive analysis of contoured nozzle designs using the Method of Characteristics (MOC) and Fluent simulations. The study aims to compare the performance and flowfield predictions of these methods and explore the influence of various design param- eters on nozzle performance. Initial investigations validate the MOC algorithm’s accuracy against commercial software, highlighting its rapid computational capability despite limita- tions in handling real gas effects. Fluent simulations consistently predict slightly lower specific impulse values due to differing exit pressure predictions but align closely with MOC results in inviscid flow conditions. The research explores the role of the initial circular arc in defin- ing the nozzle’s expansion and straightening sections, finding that smaller circular arcs create larger property gradients, necessitating quicker expansions and leading to potential isentropic losses, which were almost imperceptible in the Fluent case, in fact, a more axial flow was deliv- ered. Variations in design parameters, such as the contour’s exit angle and cone nozzle fraction, demonstrate their impact on nozzle performance, with higher exit angles generally improving specific impulse, contrary to expectation. For some pairs of design options, longer nozzles al- low smoother expansions, resulting in lower average exit angles and improved specific impulse. The findings emphasize the contemporary relevance of the MOC for preliminary nozzle studies, highlighting the balance between accuracy and computational cost.
Gopher Tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) burrow associate communities are depauperate in modified landscapes
Authors: Brooks George C. , Goodman Steven J. , Moore William M. , Chandler Houston C. , Caruso Nicholas M. , Smith Jennifer A. , Gorman Thomas A. , Haas Carola A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Gopher Tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) is considered a keystone species because its burrows provide refuge for an entire suite of other species (hereafter burrow associates) that occupy the habitats in which it resides. The Gopher Tortoise has declined across its range in large part due to habitat loss and land use change resulting in burrow abandonment or reduced burrow density, and the concomitant negative effects on burrow associate diversity have been well documented. However, under scenarios where Gopher Tortoise populations persist in modified habitat, the effect on community associates has received considerably less attention. In such instances, vegetation changes drive the loss of associate species, not the lack of suitable burrows. Here, we evaluated associations between Gopher Tortoise burrows and vertebrate burrow associates within test ranges and forested sites on Eglin Air Force Base, Florida. Specifically, we (1) determined how vegetation composition varies between forested sandhills and military test ranges, and (2) compared species richness, diversity, and community composition of burrow associates between habitats. We found that vegetation composition surrounding Gopher Tortoise burrows is highly variable, but in general test ranges had a simpler habitat structure and less diverse native plant communities than forested sites. As a result, we show that although military test range sites contain Gopher Tortoise burrows at comparable or higher densities than sites in natural longleaf pine sandhills, the community of vertebrate burrow associates in test range sites appears to be depauperate. Our results highlight that concern over habitat modifications may be warranted even in instances where Gopher Tortoise populations appear to be persisting. In the context of management that seeks to be beneficial to a wide array of burrow associates, efforts aimed at bolstering Gopher Tortoise populations in forested sandhills would be most prudent.
Numerical analysis of collision mechanism that causes particle tribocharging in dry powder inhaler
Authors: Mitani Ryosuke , Nor Muhammad Aiman bin Mohd , Iinuma Takuto , Mori Tatsuhiro , Okuda Tomoaki 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is induced by inhalation of toxic substances such as cigarettes and air pollution. Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are the primary treatment for these diseases. However, they have some problems, such as residuals in a capsule caused by electrostatic force before reaching the human lungs. This study investigated the particle tribocharging mechanism in a DPI using a tandem differential mobility analyzer (TDMA) and a combined discrete element method and computational fluid dynamics (DEM-CFD) approach. In the TDMA experiment, the charging state of the particles changed from negative to positive charge in the DPI device fabricated by the 3D printer. This is because tribocharging is caused by particle–particle collisions and particle–wall collisions. In the numerical simulation, particle–wall collisions occurred more frequently than particle–particle collisions. Therefore, the particle–wall collisions change the charging state of the particle in the DPI device. These results suggest that collisions between particles and walls of the device cause the particles to become charged, leading to a decrease in their deposition in the deeper regions of the lungs. Moreover, the large turbulence kinetic energy of the airflow in the DPI device caused particle–wall collisions because the particles were widely dispersed in the DPI device. These results suggest that optimum turbulence kinetic energy is necessary to reduce particle aggregation and improve the delivery efficiency of DPIs to the human lungs.

Graphical Abstract
Fighter optimal selection based on sequential multi-criteria decision-making with uncertainty measurement
Authors: Suo M. , Xing J. , Ma K. , Xiao D. , Song D. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Rapid and comprehensive fighter optimisation is an important part of modern combat decision-making. However, due to the numerous influencing factors, it is difficult for decision-makers to consider comprehensively and specify the optimal decision, and it is highly subjective, which leads to different decision conclusions from person to person. Therefore, to solve the above deficiencies in fighter selection, this paper proposes a sequential decision-making framework that comprehensively considers the effectiveness, maintenance, support capability and health status of the fighter aircraft. Based on the multi-dimensional state, it provides comprehensive and credible auxiliary support for commanders. The sequential decision-making framework (called GRA-VIKOR-IFNs) uses the combination of equation and fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making (FMCDM) to evaluate the effectiveness, support capability and health in turn, to complete the step-by-step selection of fighter models, troops and sorties. The evaluation equation is for the effectiveness evaluation and a hybrid method using the extended grey correlation analysis (GRA) and VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) method based on intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (IFNs) is for the support capability and health evaluation. The proposed strategy is in line with the logic and demand of actual combat and training decision-making and takes into account the influence of uncertain factors. Finally, a comparison with some classical methods is carried out, such as the full consistency method (FUCOM), the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) and so on. The GRA-VIKOR-IFNs method is consistent with the results of other methods and the result sort resolution is 0.0619 and at least 40% higher than other methods, which can lead the commanders to a more reliable and clear decision.
Towards a new approach to ensure end-to-end reliability of aeronautical data communications
Authors: Lala V. , Pirovano A. , Radzik J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The aeronautical telecommunication network (ATN) aims to provide reliable end-to-end communications even for those including the air-to-ground segment and in particular for data link applications. The existing ATN, known as ATN/OSI, is based on OSI protocols since its first deployment. The OSI model implementation in ATN communicating entities causes great complexity in network management, particularly in terms of Internet network interoperability. Therefore, since 2010, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) proposed a migration to ATN over Internet protocol suite (IPS), called ATN/IPS. Thus, this research work focuses on specifying the reliability mechanisms required for air ground data link applications in future ATN/IPS. To achieve this, the transport protocols performance is assessed based on simulations using an ATN model developed considering the ICAO standards. The modeled legacy application enables to generate traffic based on real controller-pilot data link communications (CPDLC) log files from French area control centre (ACC). The air-to-ground subnetworks are characterised using time series delay induced from previously modeled VDL Mode 2 data link analysis. As proof-of-concept, CPDLC messages exchange from aircraft to controller and future applications that transmits heavier files from ground-to-board are simulated. Transport protocols performance are evaluated with respect to the most constraining requirements. The simulation results highlighted the limitations of both connection-oriented transport protocol class 4 (COTP4) and TCP. This enabled to provide a preliminary overview of a new QUIC-like reliable protocol that should meet the heterogeneous requirements of the legacy and the eventual future ATN/IPS applications.
Beyond testimony: Sharing epistemic resources
Authors: Edidin Aron 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We acquire from others many of our epistemic resources – individual items of propositional knowledge but also evidential standards, perceptual sensibilities, and the overarching perspectives that include beliefs, standards, and sensibilities together. Knowledge from testimony, which is one category of acquisition of epistemic resources from others, has been studied extensively by epistemologists. We can begin to explore the wider realm of epistemic sharing by varying the characteristic features of testimony. Eleven dimensions of variation provide some structure to this domain. The interactive complexity of the dimensions suggests a virtue epistemological approach to the evaluation of patterns of receptivity to the variety of sharings that we confront as knowers.
Maintaining Reprehensibility for Epistemic Vice: Responsibility for Implicit Bias as Non-vicious Conduct
Authors: Klijnman Carline Julie Francis 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Heather Battaly has argued that vice-epistemology has a Responsibility Problem. From analysing the ‘card-carrying feminist’ committing testimonial injustice due to implicit gender bias, Battaly argues that non-voluntarist vice-epistemologists are committed to either (1) counting some vices as blameworthy yet not reprehensible, or (2) holding agents equally responsible for cognitive defects as for implicit bias. This in turn implies that (2a) epistemic vices include certain cognitive defects or (2b) that implicit bias is excluded as epistemic vice. This paper aims to deflate the Responsibility Problem, by arguing that vice-epistemologists can embrace route (2b) without problematic implications. In applying Miranda Fricker’s ‘no-fault responsibility’ to the card-carrying feminist case, I defend the following three claims: First, Battaly’s analysis of the card-carrying feminist case is flawed, because it fails to acknowledge that the vice of testimonial injustice and implicit prejudice are conceptually distinct. Second, excluding implicit prejudice as a vice is actually compatible with Fricker’s theoretical commitments. Third, contrary to what much of the literature seems to assume, it isn’t that problematic to exclude (individual) implicit bias as a vice, or to assign equal responsibility for implicit prejudice as for cognitive defects like impaired vision.
Citation Metrics: A Philosophy of Science Perspective
Authors: Lisciandra Chiara 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Citation metrics are statistical measures of scientific output that draw on citation indexes. They purport to capture the impact of scientific articles and the journals in which they appear. As evaluative tools, they are mostly used in the natural sciences, but they are also acquiring an important role in the humanities. While the strengths and weaknesses of citation metrics are extensively debated in a variety of fields, they have only recently started attracting attention in the philosophy of science literature. This paper takes a further step in this direction and presents an analysis of citation metrics from the perspective of a Kuhnian model for the development of science. Starting from Gillies’ argument against the use of citation metrics for scientific research (2008), this paper shows that citation metrics interfere with the development of normal science in certain fields or subfields. The main issue is that citation metrics do not take field-specific differences into account, thereby selectively favoring some fields and arbitrarily hindering the development of others. In other words, this paper shows that current citation metrics fail to “carve science at its joints”. In light of this, the paper cautions against their use for evaluative purposes.
Measuring Distances in High Dimensional Spaces Why Average Group Vector Comparisons Exhibit Bias, And What to Do about it
Authors: Green Breanna , Hobbs William , Avila Sofia , Rodriguez Pedro L. , Spirling Arthur , Stewart Brandon M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Analysts often seek to compare representations in high-dimensional space, e.g., embedding vectors of the same word across groups. We show that the distance measures calculated in such cases can exhibit considerable statistical bias, that stems from uncertainty in the estimation of the elements of those vectors. This problem applies to Euclidean distance, cosine similarity, and other similar measures. After illustrating the severity of this problem for text-as-data applications, we provide and validate a bias correction for the squared Euclidean distance. This same correction also substantially reduces bias in ordinary Euclidean distance and cosine similarity estimates, but corrections for these measures are not quite unbiased and are (non-intuitively) bimodal when distances are close to zero. The estimators require obtaining the variance of the latent positions. We (will) implement the estimator in free software, and we offer recommendations for related work.
Presidential Particularism and Mayoral Elections
Authors: Ha Heonuk , Jenkins Jeffery A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Amid the growing trend of political polarization and nationalization of US politics, the link between federal and local governments has become increasingly significant in the American public policy process. Consequently, the president, as party leader, has increasingly supported co-partisan candidates, not only in federal elections but also in subnational ones. Incorporating 1,124 contested partisan local elections for 399 cities with populations exceeding 50,000 between 2005 and 2020, we investigate how the president strategically employs federal funds to assist co-partisan mayoral candidates. Using two-way fixed effects models, we find that the president distributes more block and project grants to swing cities with co-partisan mayors during mayoral election years. We do not find that the president disproportionately allocates grants to co-partisan mayors in swing cities during non-mayoral election years; instead, jurisdictions are rewarded irrespective of their electoral value.
Endocannabinoid contributions to the perception of socially relevant, affective touch in humans
Authors: Jones Madeleine R. , Haggarty Connor J. , Petrie Gavin N. , Lunge Abigail R. , Morrison India , Hill Matthew N. , Heilig Markus , Mayo Leah M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Social relationships are central to well-being. A subgroup of afferent nerve fibers, C-tactile (CT) afferents, are primed to respond to affective, socially relevant touch and may mitigate the effects of stress. The endocannabinoid ligand anandamide (AEA) modulates both social reward and stress. We thus hypothesized that AEA levels would be associated with the perceived pleasantness of affective touch in humans. Across two studies, we explored perceptions of affective, socially relevant touch and general affective stimuli. In study 1, adult participants (N = 101) were recruited based on presence (CM+) or absence (CM−) of documented childhood maltreatment (N = 52 CM+; N = 49 CM−). In study 2, healthy individuals were randomized to receive an inhibitor of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH; PF-04457845) to increase AEA levels (n = 16) or placebo (n = 29). Outcomes included self-report ratings of touch pleasantness and intensity, valence and arousal ratings of affective images, and plasma levels of endocannabinoids AEA and 2-AG, cortisol, and oxytocin. In study 1, higher AEA levels were associated with a reduced preference for affective, CT-optimal touch. In study 2, pharmacological elevation of AEA resulted in reduced preference for affective touch. These effects were specific to social processing, as AEA levels were not related to ratings of affective images. In contrast to our hypothesis, elevated AEA was associated with reduced pleasantness ratings of CT-optimal, affective touch. This provides novel, in-human data linking AEA to social processing, adding nuance to the rationale for its use as a potential novel therapeutic target in disordered in social processing.
RNAi-based ALOX15B silencing augments keratinocyte inflammation in vitro via EGFR/STAT1/JAK1 signalling
Authors: Palmer Megan A. , Kirchhoff Rebecca , Buerger Claudia , Benatzy Yvonne , Schebb Nils Helge , Brüne Bernhard 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase type B (ALOX15B) peroxidises polyunsaturated fatty acids to their corresponding fatty acid hydroperoxides, which are subsequently reduced into hydroxy-fatty acids. A dysregulated abundance of these biological lipid mediators has been reported in the skin and blood of psoriatic compared to healthy individuals. RNAscope and immunohistochemistry revealed increased ALOX15B expression in lesional psoriasis samples. Using a cytokine cocktail containing IL-17A, interferon-gamma and tumour necrosis factor-alpha to produce a psoriasis-like phenotype, a role for ALOX15B in human epidermal keratinocyte inflammation was investigated. siRNA-mediated silencing of ALOX15B increased CCL2 expression and secretion. In addition to CCL2, secretion of CCL5 and CXCL10 were elevated in skin equivalents treated with lipoxygenase inhibitor ML351. Inhibition of the JAK1/STAT1 pathway reversed the enhanced CCL2 expression found with ALOX15B silencing. Previous studies have linked epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition with the upregulation of cytokines including CCL2, CCL5 and CXCL10. ALOX15B silencing reduced EGFR expression and inhibition of EGFR signalling potentiated the effect of ALOX15B silencing on increased CCL2, CCL5 and CXCL10 expression. Confirming previous findings, gene expression of cholesterol biosynthesis genes was reduced via reduced ERK phosphorylation. Reduced ERK phosphorylation was dependant on EGFR and NRF2 activation. Furthermore, plasma membrane lipids were investigated via confocal microscopy, revealing reduced cholesterol and lipid rafts. This study suggests a role for ALOX15B in keratinocyte inflammation through modulation of lipid peroxidation and the EGFR/JAK1/STAT1 signalling axis.
Polycomb-associated and Trithorax-associated developmental conditions—phenotypic convergence and heterogeneity
Authors: Smail Alice , Al-Jawahiri Reem , Baker Kate 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Polycomb group (PcG) and Trithorax group (TrxG) complexes represent two major components of the epigenetic machinery. This study aimed to delineate phenotypic similarities and differences across developmental conditions arising from rare variants in PcG and TrxG genes, using data-driven approaches. 462 patients with a PcG or TrxG-associated condition were identified in the DECIPHER dataset. We analysed Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) data to identify phenotypes enriched in this group, in comparison to other monogenic conditions within DECIPHER. We then assessed phenotypic relationships between single gene diagnoses within the PcG and TrxG group, by applying semantic similarity analysis and hierarchical clustering. Finally, we analysed patient-level phenotypic heterogeneity in this group, irrespective of specific genetic diagnosis, by applying the same clustering approach. Collectively, PcG/TrxG diagnoses were associated with increased reporting of HPO terms relating to integument, growth, head and neck, limb and digestive abnormalities. Gene group analysis identified three multi-gene clusters differentiated by microcephaly, limb/digit dysmorphologies, growth abnormalities and atypical behavioural phenotypes. Patient-level analysis identified two large clusters differentiated by neurodevelopmental abnormalities and facial dysmorphologies respectively, as well as smaller clusters associated with more specific phenotypes including behavioural characteristics, eye abnormalities, growth abnormalities and skull dysmorphologies. Importantly, patient-level phenotypic clusters did not align with genetic diagnoses. Data-driven approaches can highlight pathway-level and gene-level phenotypic convergences, and individual-level phenotypic heterogeneities. Future studies are needed to understand the multi-level mechanisms contributing to both convergence and variability within this population, and to extend data collection and analyses to later-emerging health characteristics.