bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coengineering specificity, safety, and function into T cells for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Giordano Attianese Greta Maria Paola , Ash Sarah , Irving Melita 
Published: August 2023

SummaryAdoptive T‐cell transfer (ACT) therapies, including of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and T cells gene‐modified to express either a T cell receptor (TCR) or a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), have demonstrated clinical efficacy for a proportion of patients and cancer‐types. The field of ACT has been driven forward by the clinical success of CD19‐CAR therapy against various advanced B‐cell malignancies, including curative responses for some leukemia patients. However, relapse remains problematic, in particular for lymphoma. Moreover, for a variety of reasons, relative limited efficacy has been demonstrated for ACT of non‐hematological solid tumors. Indeed, in addition to pre‐infusion challenges including lymphocyte collection and manufacturing, ACT failure can be attributed to several biological processes post‐transfer including, (i) inefficient tumor trafficking, infiltration, expansion and retention, (ii) chronic antigen exposure coupled with insufficient costimulation resulting in T‐cell exhaustion, (iii) a range of barriers in the tumor microenvironment (TME) mediated by both tumor cells and suppressive immune infiltrate, (iv) tumor antigen heterogeneity and loss, or down‐regulation of antigen presentation machinery, (v) gain of tumor intrinsic mechanisms of resistance such as to apoptosis, and (vi) various forms of toxicity and other adverse events in patients. Affinity‐optimized TCRs can improve T‐cell function and innovative CAR designs as well as gene‐modification strategies can be used to coengineer specificity, safety, and function into T cells. Coengineering strategies can be designed not only to directly support the transferred T cells, but also to block suppressive barriers in the TME and harness endogenous innate and adaptive immunity. Here, we review a selection of the remarkable T‐cell coengineering strategies, including of tools, receptors, and gene‐cargo, that have been developed in recent years to augment tumor control by ACT, more and more of which are advancing to the clinic.
Next‐generation chimeric antigen receptors for T‐ and natural killer‐cell therapies against cancer
Authors: Li Ye , Rezvani Katayoun , Rafei Hind 
Published: August 2023

SummaryAdoptive cellular therapy using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells has led to a paradigm shift in the treatment of various hematologic malignancies. However, the broad application of this approach for myeloid malignancies and solid cancers has been limited by the paucity and heterogeneity of target antigen expression, and lack of bona fide tumor‐specific antigens that can be targeted without cross‐reactivity against normal tissues. This may lead to unwanted on‐target off‐tumor toxicities that could undermine the desired antitumor effect. Recent advances in synthetic biology and genetic engineering have enabled reprogramming of immune effector cells to enhance their selectivity toward tumors, thus mitigating on‐target off‐tumor adverse effects. In this review, we outline the current strategies being explored to improve CAR selectivity toward tumor cells with a focus on natural killer (NK) cells, and the progress made in translating these strategies to the clinic.
The biobjective minimum‐cost perfect matching problem and Chinese postman problem
Authors: Pozo Miguel A. , Puerto Justo , Roldán Ignacio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we address the biobjective versions of the perfect matching problem (PMP) and the Chinese postman problem (CPP). Both problems are solved by means of integer formulations or separating blossom inequalities, exploiting the PMP relationship with the CPP. In both cases, we first find the set of supported nondominated solutions and then we use them to obtain the nonsupported ones. The set of supported nondominated solutions are obtained solving scalarized integer formulations. To obtain the sets of nonsupported solutions, we resort to solving lexicographic problems based on adding additional linear constraints to the original problems. For this reason, we also characterize the combinatorial structure of the PMP vertices with one or two additional constraints. We also investigate when it is possible to use the PMP to solve CPP in the biobjective case. We report computational experiments comparing the different approaches and formulations based on different types of graphs with up to 700 nodes.
Glass and a carbon‐free United States: What is glass's role in the upcoming green revolution?
Authors: Wilkinson Collin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe climate is changing rapidly due to anthropogenic greenhouse gases. Glass is a significant contributor to these emissions, with 95 million tons of CO2 being emitted due to glass manufacturing in recent years. Furthermore, glass recycling remains poor in the United States, and most glass is left to landfill after a single use. The lack of recycling and the carbon footprint of manufacturing have made glass an environmentally damaging material despite its theoretical infinite recyclability. Additionally, glass has the potential to enable next‐generation energy materials, enabling the necessary technology for a green economy. In this review, we briefly cover the challenges of glass manufacturing and how to make glass the benchmark material for a carbon‐neutral economy.
Heart failure and atrial fibrillation: Is atrial fibrillation ablation in heart failure pointless or mandatory?
Authors: Kantharia Bharat K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA vast amount of now well‐established clinical and epidemiological data indicates a close, interdependent, and symbiotic association between atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF). Both AF and HF, when co‐exist in a patient, have serious treatment and prognostic implications. Based on the prevailing knowledge of the topic, various societies have issued a number of guidelines regarding the management of patients with AF and HF. Overall, it is the rhythm control strategy that has shown beneficial effect over the rate control strategy with improvement in symptoms of AF and HF. While antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) and catheter ablation (CA) may be utilized as rhythm control strategy for AF, both AADs and CA have limitations of their own. Furthermore, with the progress made in various pharmacotherapeutic agents in HF, one could question the utility of CA in HF (i.e., whether ablation is mandatory or pointless in patients who have HF). The purpose of this review is to discuss this very point, focusing on the beneficial, neutral, or detrimental outcome of CA based on the category and class of HF.
The aquaporin MePIP2;7 improves MeMGT9‐mediated Mg2+ acquisition in cassava
Authors: Ma Qiuxiang , Feng Yancai , Luo Shu , Cheng Lu , Tong Weijing , Lu Xinlu , Li Youzhi , Zhang Peng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAquaporins are important transmembrane water transport proteins which transport water and several neutral molecules. However, how aquaporins are involved in the synergistic transport of Mg2+ and water remains poorly understood. Here, we found that the cassava aquaporin MePIP2;7 was involved in Mg2+ transport through interaction with MeMGT9, a lower affinity magnesium transporter protein. Knockdown of MePIP2;7 in cassava led to magnesium deficiency in basal mature leaves with chlorosis and necrotic spots on their edges and starch over‐accumulation. Mg2+ content was significantly decreased in leaves and roots of MePIP2;7‐RNA interference (PIP‐Ri) plants grown in both field and Mg2+‐free hydroponic solution. Xenopus oocyte injection analysis verified that MePIP2;7 possessed the ability to transport water only and MeMGT9 was responsible for Mg2+ efflux. More importantly, MePIP2;7 improved the transportability of Mg2+ via MeMGT9 as verified using the CM66 mutant complementation assay and Xenopus oocytes expressing system. Yeast two‐hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, co‐localization, and co‐immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated the direct protein–protein interaction between MePIP2;7 and MeMGT9 in vivo. Mg2+ flux was significantly elevated in MePIP2;7‐overexpressing lines in hydroponic solution through non‐invasive micro‐test technique analysis. Under Mg2+‐free condition, the retarded growth of PIP‐Ri transgenic plants could be recovered with Mg2+ supplementation. Taken together, our results demonstrated the synergistic effect of the MePIP2;7 and MeMGT9 interaction in regulating water and Mg2+ absorption and transport in cassava.
Micro Entry Theory: Understanding the Drivers and Effects of the Entry of Micro Players in the Context of Digital Platforms
Authors: Silva Rosario , Gerwe Oksana 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDigital platforms have facilitated the entry into the market of micro players, a subcategory of specialists formed by individuals offering products and services on a very small scale. This study builds on previous research on micro players' entry, to formalize, validate, and expand a theory of micro entry that helps to explain the market dynamics when micro players use digital platforms to enter the market. We (1) examine how macro‐economic conditions influence the entry of micro players and specialists and (2) investigate the differential effects of the entry of micro players and specialists on the generalists' performance. Our setting is the accommodation industry in Spain, in which generalists are represented by dominant hotels and micro players and specialists by occasional and regular operators who entered the market through Airbnb. We find that the entry of micro players into the market through digital platforms is driven by high unemployment rates and platform legitimacy, factors that do not similarly influence the entry of specialists. Additionally, the results show that the entry of specialists decreases generalists' performance, while micro players' entry is complementary.
Single‐cell RNA sequencing reveals tumor heterogeneity within salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma: A preliminary study
Authors: Wang Xi‐Qian , Zhong Nian‐Nian , Man Qi‐Wen , Xu Guang‐Cai , Yan Si‐Chen , Peng Li‐Wei , Wang Yong‐Gong , Liu Bing , Bu Lin‐Lin , Li Li 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundSalivary gland pleomorphic adenoma (SPA) is a common neoplasm of salivary glands that displays remarkable histological diversity. Previous studies have demonstrated the involvement of gene rearrangements and cytoskeleton‐remodeling‐related myoepithelial cells in SPA tumorigenesis. Cytoskeleton remodeling is necessary for epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), a key process in tumor progression. However, the heterogeneity of tumor cells and cytoskeleton remodeling in SPA has not been extensively investigated.MethodsAn analysis of single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) was performed on 27 810 cells from two donors with SPA. Bioinformatic tools were used to assess differentially expressed genes, cell trajectories, and intercellular communications. Immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescence staining were used to demonstrate FOXC1 and MYLK expression in SPA tissues.ResultsOur analysis revealed five distinct cell subtypes within the tumor cells of SPA, indicating a high level of intra‐lesional heterogeneity. Cytoskeleton‐remodeling‐related genes were highly enriched in subtype 3 of the tumor cells, which showed a close interaction with mesenchymal cells. We found that tumoral FOXC1 expression was closely related to MYLK expression in the tumor cells of SPA.ConclusionTumor cells enriched with cytoskeleton‐remodeling‐related genes play a crucial role in SPA development, and FOXC1 may partially regulate this process.
Associations of Body Mass Index with Self‐Rated Health and Weight Perceptions Among Rural Appalachian Adolescent Students
Authors: Kirkpatrick Brittany M. , Porter Kathleen J. , Reid Annie L. , Brock Donna , Markwalter Theresa H. , Zoellner Jamie M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDAdolescents with overweight or obesity are at greater risk of having physical and psychosocial consequences. With increased disparities and inadequate literature on prevalence of adolescent weight status in rural Appalachia, there is potential for further complications. Unfortunately, adolescent obesity treatment options are often limited, especially in medically underserved regions.METHODSThis cross‐sectional study of adolescents at eight rural Appalachian schools examined weight status among and associations between body mass index percentile (BMIp) categories and health‐related perceptions and weight‐control intentions. Previously validated instruments were utilized. Analyses included independent samples t‐tests, ANOVA tests, and chi‐squared tests.RESULTSOf 814 adolescents (ages 11‐13; 55.0% girls), BMIp revealed 20.8% overweight, 22.7% obese, and 10.6% severely obese. Adolescents with higher BMIp categories reported poorer self‐rated health, inaccurate weight perceptions, and greater weight loss intentions (all p < .05).CONCLUSIONSFindings, including high prevalence of adolescents with overweight and obesity, emphasize the need for more obesity prevention and treatment options. Schools may be an ideal setting to reach at‐risk adolescents and provide obesity prevention and treatment options, especially in medically underserved regions such as rural Appalachia. Opportunities and challenges to apply findings, including school‐based obesity programs, are discussed.
Chloroplast genome evolution and phylogeny of the early‐diverging charophycean green algae with a focus on the Klebsormidiophyceae and Streptofilum
Authors: Glass Sarah E. , McCourt Richard M. , Gottschalk Stephen D. , Lewis Louise A. , Karol Kenneth G. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Klebsormidiophyceae are a class of green microalgae observed globally in both freshwater and terrestrial habitats. Morphology‐based classification schemes of this class have been shown to be inadequate due to the simple morphology of these algae, the tendency of morphology to vary in culture versus field conditions, and rampant morphological homoplasy. Molecular studies revealing cryptic diversity have renewed interest in this group. We sequenced the complete chloroplast genomes of a broad series of taxa spanning the known taxonomic breadth of this class. We also sequenced the chloroplast genomes of three strains of Streptofilum, a recently discovered green algal lineage with close affinity to the Klebsormidiophyceae. Our results affirm the previously hypothesized polyphyly of the genus Klebsormidium as well as the polyphyly of the nominal species in this genus, K. flaccidum. Furthermore, plastome sequences strongly support the status of Streptofilum as a distinct, early‐diverging lineage of charophytic algae sister to a clade comprising Klebsormidiophyceae plus Phragmoplastophyta. We also uncovered major structural alterations in the chloroplast genomes of species in Klebsormidium that have broad implications regarding the underlying mechanisms of chloroplast genome evolution.
Comparison of turbidometric immunoassay, refractometry, and gamma‐glutamyl transferase to radial immunodiffusion for assessment of transfer of passive immunity in high‐risk beef calves
Authors: Kreuder Amanda J. , Breuer Ryan M. , Wiley Caitlin , Dohlman Tyler , Smith Joseph S. , McKeen Lauren 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundAttainment of adequate transfer of passive immunity (TPI) is critical to health of calves; however, studies comparing available tools for measurement of TPI in individual beef animals are limited.ObjectivesTo report agreement between 4 tests evaluating individual TPI status in beef calves.AnimalsOne hundred ninety‐six beef calves born to cows and heifers presenting for calving management or dystocia.MethodsRetrospective study to assess serum immunoglobulin (IgG) concentrations via turbidimetric immunoassay (TI), gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT), serum total protein (TP), and single radial immunodiffusion (RID; reference standard). Test agreement was evaluated using Passing‐Bablok regression, Bland‐Altman analysis, Cohen's kappa, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves with and without covariate adjustment to determine optimal thresholds.ResultsCorrelation between RID and test results varied: TI,ρ = 0.757; TP,ρ = 0.715; GGT:ρ = 0.413. For the TI compared to RID, regression analysis identified a constant (intercept = −0.51 [CI: −2.63, 3.05]) and proportional (slope = 1.87 [CI: 1.69, 2.08]) bias. Based on ROC, TI concentrations of ≤9.89 and ≤13.76 g/L, and TP concentrations of ≤5.5 and ≤6.0 g/dL, indicated IgG concentrations <18.0 and <25.0 g/L, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceWithin this cohort of calves, TI demonstrated the best correlation with RID; however, significant bias was identified which led to frequent underestimation of IgG concentration. Serum total protein demonstrated less correlation with RID but had less misclassification than TI. Both TI and TP demonstrated less correlation for calves that received colostrum replacement prompting clinical awareness of colostrum type when evaluating individual TPI in beef calves.
Dots in the dark: dorsal polychromatism in the endemic Xingu Freshwater Stingray
Authors: Torres Y. , Charvet M. , Faria V. V. , Charvet P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPolychromatism refers to the presence of two or more color patterns within a species. Several species exhibit polychromatic patterns, including some elasmobranchs such as the Xingu Freshwater Stingray (Potamotrygon leopoldi), a threatened, endemic freshwater stingray species that is exploited in the international aquarium trade. Analysis of polychromatic patterns can provide insight into evolutionary mechanisms and be a useful tool for monitoring international trade. In this context, the present study analyzed intraspecific color variation in P. leopoldi. A total of 241 individuals collected in two areas along the Xingu River in Brazil were used for the study. Four dorsal color patterns of P. leopoldi were described. Size differences between color classes were statistically significant, suggesting that these color variations are associated with ontogenetic color changes. In addition, two color morphs specific to each locality were identified and described. Moreover, the occurrence of polychromatic forms in a Potamotrygoninae species may contribute to the understanding of diversification in this group, since some mechanisms of speciation are associated with polychromatism. Analysis of color variation in P. leopoldi is expected to help improve trade monitoring, especially given the existence of look‐alike species.
Rapid turnover and evolution of sex‐determining regions in Sebastes rockfishes
Authors: Sykes Nathan T. B. , Kolora Sree Rohit Raj , Sudmant Peter H. , Owens Gregory L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNature has evolved a wealth of sex determination (SD) mechanisms, driven by both genetic and environmental factors. Recent studies of SD in fishes have shown that not all taxa fit the classic paradigm of sex chromosome evolution and diverse SD methods can be found even among closely related species. Here, we apply a suite of genomic approaches to investigate sex‐biased genomic variation in eight species of Sebastes rockfish found in the northeast Pacific Ocean. Using recently assembled chromosome‐level rockfish genomes, we leverage published sequence data to identify disparate sex chromosomes and sex‐biased loci in five species. We identify two putative male sex chromosomes in S. diaconus, a single putative sex chromosome in the sibling species S. carnatus and S. chrysomelas, and an unplaced sex determining contig in the sibling species S. miniatus and S. crocotulus. Our study provides evidence for disparate means of sex determination within a recently diverged set of species and sheds light on the diverse origins of sex determination mechanisms present in the animal kingdom.
The Winner Does Not Take All: Lessons from the Israel‐Hamas Conflict
Authors: Hitman Gadi , Itskovich Alona 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDespite countless studies on victory in armed conflict, scholars disagree about the exact meaning of this term. This article, using primary sources in Hebrew and Arabic, aims to define victory and to discern between types of successful outcomes in war. We analyze three case studies of military collision between Israel and Hamas through a model featuring four levels: tactical, operational, strategic, and systemic. The study shows that in all three clashes (2008, 2012, 2014), the outcomes are difficult to evaluate because the boundaries between the definitions are foggy. It also concludes that neither side has achieved a strategic victory that breaks the status quo that has held since June 2007—though Hamas's leaders have claimed strategic victory due to the group's survival. Israel, without advanced planning, has relied on tactical wins for its strategic policy.
Decadal soil warming decreased vascular plant above and belowground production in a subarctic grassland by inducing nitrogen limitation
Authors: Fang Chao , Verbrigghe Niel , Sigurdsson Bjarni D. , Ostonen Ivika , Leblans Niki I. W. , Marañón‐Jiménez Sara , Fuchslueger Lucia , Sigurðsson Páll , Meeran Kathiravan , Portillo‐Estrada Miguel , Verbruggen Erik , Richter Andreas , Sardans Jordi , Peñuelas Josep , Bahn Michael , Vicca Sara , Janssens Ivan A. 
Published: August 2023

Summary
Below and aboveground vegetation dynamics are crucial in understanding how climate warming may affect terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycling. In contrast to aboveground biomass, the response of belowground biomass to long‐term warming has been poorly studied.
Here, we characterized the impacts of decadal geothermal warming at two levels (on average +3.3°C and +7.9°C) on below and aboveground plant biomass stocks and production in a subarctic grassland.
Soil warming did not change standing root biomass and even decreased fine root production and reduced aboveground biomass and production. Decadal soil warming also did not significantly alter the root–shoot ratio. The linear stepwise regression model suggested that following 10 yr of soil warming, temperature was no longer the direct driver of these responses, but losses of soil N were. Soil N losses, due to warming‐induced decreases in organic matter and water retention capacity, were identified as key driver of the decreased above and belowground production. The reduction in fine root production was accompanied by thinner roots with increased specific root area.
These results indicate that after a decade of soil warming, plant productivity in the studied subarctic grassland was affected by soil warming mainly by the reduction in soil N.
Impact of estrogens on resting energy expenditure: A systematic review
Authors: Weidlinger Susanna , Winterberger Katja , Pape Janna , Weidlinger Magdalena , Janka Heidrun , von Wolff Michael , Stute Petra 
Published: August 2023

SummaryThe fear of weight gain is one of the main reasons for women not to initiate or to early discontinue hormonal contraception or menopausal hormone therapy. Resting energy expenditure is by far the largest component and the most important determinant of total energy expenditure. Given that low resting energy expenditure is a confirmed predictive factor for weight gain and consecutively for the development of obesity, research into the influence of sex steroids on resting energy expenditure is a particularly exciting area. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of medication with natural and synthetic estrogens on resting energy expenditure in healthy normal weight and overweight women. Through complex systematic literature searches, a total of 10 studies were identified that investigated the effects of medication with estrogens on resting energy expenditure. Our results demonstrate that estrogen administration increases resting energy expenditure by up to +208 kcal per day in the context of contraception and by up to +222 kcal per day in the context of menopausal hormone therapy, suggesting a preventive effect of circulating estrogen levels and estrogen administration on weight gain and obesity development.