bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular complications in chronic kidney disease: a review from the European Renal and Cardiovascular Medicine Working Group of the European Renal Association
Authors: Zoccali Carmine , Mallamaci Francesca , Adamczak Marcin , de Oliveira Rodrigo Bueno , Massy Ziad A , Sarafidis Pantelis , Agarwal Rajiv , Mark Patrick B , Kotanko Peter , Ferro Charles J , Wanner Christoph , Burnier Michel , Vanholder Raymond , Wiecek Andrzej 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is classified into five stages with kidney failure being the most severe stage (stage G5). CKD conveys a high risk for coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. Cardiovascular complications are the most common causes of death in patients with kidney failure (stage G5) who are maintained on regular dialysis treatment. Because of the high death rate attributable to cardiovascular (CV) disease, most patients with progressive CKD die before reaching kidney failure. Classical risk factors implicated in CV disease are involved in the early stages of CKD. In intermediate and late stages, non-traditional risk factors, including iso-osmotic and non-osmotic sodium retention, volume expansion, anaemia, inflammation, malnutrition, sympathetic overactivity, mineral bone disorders, accumulation of a class of endogenous compounds called ‘uremic toxins’, and a variety of hormonal disorders are the main factors that accelerate the progression of CV disease in these patients. Arterial disease in CKD patients is characterized by an almost unique propensity to calcification and vascular stiffness. Left ventricular hypertrophy, a major risk factor for heart failure, occurs early in CKD and reaches a prevalence of 70–80% in patients with kidney failure. Recent clinical trials have shown the potential benefits of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors, especially as an oral agent in CKD patients. Likewise, the value of proactively administered intravenous iron for safely treating anaemia in dialysis patients has been shown. Sodium/glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors are now fully emerged as a class of drugs that substantially reduces the risk for CV complications in patients who are already being treated with adequate doses of inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system. Concerted efforts are being made by major scientific societies to advance basic and clinical research on CV disease in patients with CKD, a research area that remains insufficiently explored.
Dementia and electronic health record phenotypes: a scoping review of available phenotypes and opportunities for future research
Authors: Walling Anne M , Pevnick Joshua , Bennett Antonia V , Vydiswaran V G Vinod , Ritchie Christine S 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe performed a scoping review of algorithms using electronic health record (EHR) data to identify patients with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD), to advance their use in research and clinical care.Materials and MethodsStarting with a previous scoping review of EHR phenotypes, we performed a cumulative update (April 2020 through March 1, 2023) using Pubmed, PheKB, and expert review with exclusive focus on ADRD identification. We included algorithms using EHR data alone or in combination with non-EHR data and characterized whether they identified patients at high risk of or with a current diagnosis of ADRD.ResultsFor our cumulative focused update, we reviewed 271 titles meeting our search criteria, 49 abstracts, and 26 full text papers. We identified 8 articles from the original systematic review, 8 from our new search, and 4 recommended by an expert. We identified 20 papers describing 19 unique EHR phenotypes for ADRD: 7 algorithms identifying patients with diagnosed dementia and 12 algorithms identifying patients at high risk of dementia that prioritize sensitivity over specificity. Reference standards range from only using other EHR data to in-person cognitive screening.ConclusionA variety of EHR-based phenotypes are available for use in identifying populations with or at high-risk of developing ADRD. This review provides comparative detail to aid in choosing the best algorithm for research, clinical care, and population health projects based on the use case and available data. Future research may further improve the design and use of algorithms by considering EHR data provenance.
Efficient ways to combine data from broiler and layer chickens to account for sequential genomic selection
Authors: Hidalgo Jorge , Lourenco Daniela , Tsuruta Shogo , Bermann Matias , Breen Vivian , Herring William , Misztal Ignacy 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In broiler breeding, superior individuals for growth become parents and are later evaluated for reproduction in an independent evaluation; however, ignoring broiler data can produce inaccurate and biased predictions. This research aimed to determine the most accurate, unbiased, and time-efficient approach for jointly evaluating reproductive and broiler traits. The data comprised a pedigree with 577K birds, 146K genotypes, phenotypes for three reproductive (egg production [EP], fertility [FE], hatch of fertile eggs [HF]; 9K each), and four broiler traits (body weight [BW], breast meat percent [BP], fat percent [FP], residual feed intake [RF]; up to 467K). Broiler data were added sequentially to assess the impact on the quality of predictions for reproductive traits. The baseline scenario (RE) included pedigrees, genotypes, and phenotypes for reproductive traits of selected animals; in RE2, we added their broiler phenotypes; in RE_BR, broiler phenotypes of nonselected animals, and in RE_BR_GE, their genotypes. We computed accuracy, bias, and dispersion of predictions for hens from the last two breeding cycles and their sires. We tested three core definitions for the algorithm of proven and young to find the most time-efficient approach: two random cores with 7K and 12K animals and one with 19K animals, containing parents and young animals. From RE to RE_BR_GE, changes in accuracy were null or minimal for EP (0.51 in hens, 0.59 in roosters) and HF (0.47 in hens, 0.49 in roosters); for FE in hens (roosters), it changed from 0.4 (0.49) to 0.47 (0.53). In hens (roosters), bias (additive SD units) decreased from 0.69 (0.7) to 0.04 (0.05) for EP, 1.48 (1.44) to 0.11 (0.03) for FE, and 1.06 (0.96) to 0.09 (0.02) for HF. Dispersion remained stable in hens (roosters) at ~0.93 (~1.03) for EP, and it improved from 0.57 (0.72) to 0.87 (1.0) for FE and from 0.8 (0.79) to 0.88 (0.87) for HF. Ignoring broiler data deteriorated the predictions’ quality. The impact was significant for the low heritability trait (0.02; FE); bias (up to 1.5) and dispersion (as low as 0.57) were farther from the ideal value, and accuracy losses were up to 17.5%. Accuracy was maintained in traits with moderate heritability (~0.3; EP and HF), and bias and dispersion were less substantial. Adding information from the broiler phase maximized accuracy and unbiased predictions. The most time-efficient approach is a random core with 7K animals in the algorithm for proven and young.
Annular rupture during transcatheter aortic valve replacement in a long-term corticosteroid user: a case report
Authors: Nishiori Hironobu , Matsuura Kaoru , Yakita Yasunori , Kanda Tomoyoshi , Kitahara Hideki , Yamashita Daichi , Kobayashi Yoshio , Matsumiya Goro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA 74-year-old woman with a history of interstitial pneumonia, who had been taking oral corticosteroids for the past 9 years, was diagnosed with severe aortic stenosis. The patient underwent transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with a balloon-expandable valve under local anesthesia. After deploying a 26-mm SAPIEN 3 valve with 1.5 ml less balloon inflation, transesophageal echocardiography revealed a hemorrhage in the aortic annulus. Intraoperative angiography revealed a small contrast leakage around the ascending aorta. Emergent surgical aortic valve replacement was performed successfully, with a tear at the non-left commissure closed using interrupted sutures. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 14 with no paravalvular leakage. Chronic corticosteroid use may be a risk factor for annular ruptures during TAVR. Careful balloon dilation may be necessary, especially when balloon-expandable valves are used in patients receiving long-term corticosteroids.
Metagenomic next-generation sequencing for the identification of infections caused by Gram-negative pathogens and the prediction of antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Xiao Yang-Hua , Luo Zhao-Xia , Wu Hong-Wen , Xu De-Rong , Zhao Rui 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) for the identification of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) infections and the prediction of antimicrobial resistance.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 182 patients with diagnosis of GNB infections who underwent mNGS and conventional microbiological tests (CMTs).

Results
The detection rate of mNGS was 96.15%, higher than CMTs (45.05%) with a significant difference (χ 2 = 114.46, P &lt; .01). The pathogen spectrum identified by mNGS was significantly wider than CMTs. Interestingly, the detection rate of mNGS was substantially higher than that of CMTs (70.33% vs 23.08%, P &lt; .01) in patients with but not without antibiotic exposure. There was a significant positive correlation between mapped reads and pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 and interleukin-8). However, mNGS failed to predict antimicrobial resistance in 5 of 12 patients compared to phenotype antimicrobial susceptibility testing results.

Conclusions
Metagenomic next-generation sequencing has a higher detection rate, a wider pathogen spectrum, and is less affected by prior antibiotic exposure than CMTs in identifying Gram-negative pathogens. The mapped reads may reflect a pro-inflammatory state in GNB-infected patients. Inferring actual resistance phenotypes from metagenomic data remains a great challenge.
Bulbar onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with more evident symptoms in the left hemibody: a case report
Authors: Chavan Manisha , Singh Ajay , Bathvar Pinank K , Mehta Sarang T , Qadree Abdul K , Dhakal Sandesh 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, degenerative neuromuscular condition. The procedure and difficulties involved in the clinical diagnosis of ALS have been the subject of numerous investigations. The understanding of the genetics and the epigenetics of the disease is still at infancy with several missing links. We present a case report of a 73-year-old woman suffering from bulbar onset ALS with a 4-month history of progressive dysphagia and dyspnea. She displayed tongue fasciculations and muscle atrophy. The bilateral palmomental reflexes, snout reflex, Hoffman, Babinski, diminished gag reflex, bilateral clonus and wild mood swings confirmed the neurodegenerative condition of the patient. The diagnosis of ALS can be challenging; therefore, the data presented may be useful to investigate its characteristics of the onset and to improve the understanding of the aspects of differentiation from other neurodegenerative disorders.
Pyroglutamic acidosis caused by the combination of two common medicines prescribed in everyday practice
Authors: Duncan A , McDermott H , Corcoran S , Devine C , Barry C 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We present the case of a 71-year-old female treated for infective endocarditis with flucloxacillin and paracetamol. Her clinical course became complicated by a blood-gas demonstrating a raised anion gap metabolic acidosis. The patient was diagnosed with pyroglutamic metabolic acidosis. This is a rare interaction between high dose flucloxacillin and paracetamol, and is an important complication to recognize.
Winter range shifts and their associations with species traits are heterogeneous in eastern North American birds
Authors: Laughlin Andrew J , Pomara Lars Y 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMany species’ distributions are shifting in response to climate change. Many distributional shifts are predictably poleward or higher in elevation, but heterogeneity in the rate and direction of shifts both within and between species appears to be common. We found high heterogeneity in the trajectory of winter range shifts for 65 species of birds across eastern North America and in the different traits and trait interactions associated with these shifts across the spatial scales we examined. We used data from the Christmas Bird Count to quantify the trajectory of winter latitudinal center of abundance range shifts over 4 decades (1980–2019) for 65 species of songbirds and woodpeckers in North America, both across eastern North America (ENA) as a whole and for the Atlantic (ATL) and Mississippi (MISS) flyways separately. We then used linear models and Akaike’s Information Criterion with small-sample size correction (AICc) model selection to test whether species traits could explain variation in range shifts or flyway discrepancies. Across ENA, most species showed northward latitudinal range shifts, but some showed no latitudinal shift while others shifted southwards. Amongst ATL and MISS, we documented both within- and between-species differences in the rate and direction of latitudinal shifts, complicating the results from across ENA. No single trait emerged as a dominant driver of range shift differences at the ENA and flyway scales. Migration strategy interacted with insectivory to explain variation at the largest spatial scale (ENA), whereas frugivory and mean winter latitude explained much of the variation in ATL and MISS, respectively. Exploring heterogeneity in range shifts within and between species, and in the associations between range shifts and life history traits, will help us better understand the mechanisms that mediate differing responses to environmental change and predict which species will be better able to adapt to those changes.
The Role of Federalism and the Centrality of State Governments for Labor Unions, Employment, and Organizing
Authors: Bucci Laura C 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
American states differ in their protection of workers, acceptance of organized labor, dominant industrial cultures, and regarding labor unions’ capacity and political power. In this article, I examine declining union membership in the states and analyze various laws that limit the political power of unions and assess the consequences of these developments. I also document and explain a recent resurgence of labor organizing, political resistance, and work stoppages. There is a seeming contradiction between a labor movement that is both declining as well as gaining strength. However, a common theme in each of these trends is the centrality of state governments and politics regarding labor policy and union influence.
Care Workers in English Care Homes: Managing Commodification, Motivations, and Caring Ideals
Authors: Daly Mary 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article explores the nature of paid caring labor, based on a study of paid care assistants in care homes for older people in England. Drawing from critical studies of work as well as perspectives on gender, care, and family, the aim is to see how the workers deliver care in their employment settings and consider the implications. The findings indicate that, in jobs which typically underpay and where the conditions of work are demanding, these workers are driven by ideals of “good care,” “good caring,” and “good carers.” Such ideals, which are as much personal as professional, sometimes force them to trade-off loyalty to residents and their own interests. One cannot understand the nature of paid care without understanding the workers who do it, and understanding the workers means reaching deep into familial, economic, and social structures that reproduce paid care as a commodified form of unpaid care.
Colonic mucin‐2 attenuates acute necrotizing pancreatitis in rats by modulating intestinal homeostasis
Authors: Huang Zehua , Wu Huimin , Fan Junjie , Mei Qixiang , Fu Yang , Yin Nuoming , Xu Binqiang , Luo Shengzheng , Li Baiwen , Ni Jianbo , Huang Chunlan , Hu Junjie , Zeng Yue 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMucin‐2 (MUC2) secreted by goblet cells participates in the intestinal barrier, but its mechanism in acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) remains unclear. In acute pancreatitis (AP) patients, the functions of goblet cells (MUC2, FCGBP, CLCA1, and TFF3) decreased, and MUC2 was negatively correlated with AP severity. ANP rats treated with pilocarpine (PILO) (PILO+ANP rats) to deplete MUC2 showed more serious pancreatic and colonic injuries, goblet cell dysfunction, gut dysbiosis, and bacterial translocation than those of ANP rats. GC‐MS analysis of feces showed that PILO+ANP rats had lower levels of butyric acid, isobutyric acid, isovaleric acid, and hexanoic acid than those of ANP rats. The expression of MUC2 was associated with colonic injury and gut dysbiosis. All these phenomena could be relieved, and goblet cell functions were also partially reversed by MUC2 supplementation in ANP rats. TNF‐α‐treated colonoids had exacerbated goblet cell dysfunction. MUC2 expression was negatively correlated with the levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β and IL‐6) (p < .05) and positively related to the expression of tight junction proteins (Claudin 1, Occludin, and ZO1) (p < .05). Downregulating MUC2 by siRNA increased the levels of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines in colonoids. MUC2 might maintain intestinal homeostasis to alleviate ANP.
Impact of Harm Reduction Treatment with or without Pharmacotherapy on Polysubstance Use among People Experiencing Homelessness and Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Mostofi Nicole , Collins Susan E. 
Published: May 2023

Objectives
A prior randomized controlled trial showed behavioral harm reduction treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD), or HaRT-A, was effective in improving alcohol outcomes and quality of life for people experiencing homelessness and AUD when provided with or without pharmacotherapy (ie, extended-release naltrexone). Because nearly 80% of the sample also reported baseline polysubstance use, this secondary study tested whether HaRT-A also positively impacted other substance use.

Methods
In the parent study, 308 adults with AUD and homelessness were randomized to receive HaRT-A plus intramuscular injections of 380-mg extended-release naltrexone (HaRT-A + extended-release naltrexone), HaRT-A plus placebo (HaRT-A + placebo), HaRT-A alone, or community-based services as usual (control). In this secondary study, we used random intercept models to detect changes in other substance use after exposure to any of the HaRT-A conditions. For less prevalent behaviors, outcomes included past-month use (cocaine, amphetamines/methamphetamines, opioids). For more prevalent behaviors (polysubstance, cannabis), outcomes were past-month use frequency.

Results
Compared with controls, participants who received HaRT-A showed significantly reduced 30-day frequency of cannabis use (incident rate ratio = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.40–0.86, P = 0.006) and polysubstance use (incident rate ratio = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.43–0.98, P = 0.040). No other significant changes were detected.

Conclusions
Compared with services as usual, HaRT-A is associated with reduced cannabis and polysubstance use frequency. The benefits of HaRT-A may thus extend beyond its impact on alcohol and quality of life outcomes to positively reshape overall substance use patterns. A randomized controlled trial is needed to further investigate the efficacy of such combined pharmacobehavioral harm reduction treatment for polysubstance use.
Influence of greater trochanteric starting point on distal anterior cortical perforation during antegrade femoral nailing
Authors: Megerian Mark F. , Schimizzi Gregory V. , Uppstrom Tyler J. , Nathan Karthik , Klinger Craig E. , Dziadosz Daniel R. , Ricci William M. , Campbell Sean T. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Distal anterior cortical perforation is 1 complication of antegrade femoral nailing. The effect of greater trochanteric (GT) starting points on cortical perforation risk has not been described in human femoral models. This study assessed the influence of sagittal plane starting point on rate of anterior cortical perforation using 3D CT-reconstructions of human femora. Secondarily, patient age and nail radius of curvature (ROC) were assessed as risk factors.

Methods:
CT scans of 53 patients (18 non-geriatric (<65 yr), 35 geriatric (>65 yr)) with non-fractured femora were converted into dynamic 3D-reconstructed renderings. Medullary nails from two manufacturers that differed in ROC were digitally templated in each femur from an anterior, central, and posterior ⅓ GT starting point. The rate of anterior cortical perforation and distance from the inner anterior cortex to the nail tip were recorded.

Results:
Perforation rate increased significantly as starting point moved from anterior (6%), to central (43%), to posterior (79%) regardless of patient age or implant manufacturer (P<0.001). On average, an anterior starting point positioned the nail tip furthest from the inner anterior cortex (5. mm), safely within the canal (P<0.001). Perforation rate was significantly increased in the geriatric versus non-geriatric population (47% vs. 34%) (P=0.028), and when using the nail with the larger versus smaller ROC (50% vs. 36%) (P=0.03).

Conclusion:
Distal nail sagittal alignment is sensitive to both patient and treatment factors. A posterior starting point, increased age (>65 yr), and increased implant ROC significantly increase risk for anterior cortical perforation of the distal femur.

Level of Evidence:
III
Evaluation of Genetic and Nongenetic Risk Factors for Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy
Authors: Shlykov Maksim A. , Giles Erica M. , Kelly Michael P. , Lin Shiow J. , Pham Vy T. , Saccone Nancy L. , Yanik Elizabeth L. 
Published: May 2023

Study Design.
Cohort study.

Objective.
We aimed to evaluate the associations of genetic and nongenetic factors with degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM).

Summary of Background Data.
There is mounting evidence for an inherited predisposition for DCM, but uncertainty remains regarding specific genetic markers involved. Similarly, nongenetic factors are thought to play a role.

Materials and Methods.
Using diagnosis codes from hospital records linked to the UK Biobank cohort, patients with cervical spondylosis were identified followed by the identification of a subset with DCM. Nongenetic variables evaluated included age, sex, race, Townsend deprivation index, body mass index, occupational demands, osteoporosis, and smoking. Genome-wide association analyses were conducted using logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, population principal components, and follow-up.

Results.
A total of 851 DCM cases out of 2787 cervical spondylosis patients were identified. Several nongenetic factors were independently associated with DCM including age [odds ratio (OR)=1.11, 95% CI=1.01–1.21, P=0.024], male sex (OR=1.63, 95% CI=1.37–1.93, P<0.001), and relative socioeconomic deprivation (OR=1.03, 95% CI=1.00–1.06, P=0.030). Asian race was associated with lower DCM risk (OR=0.44, 95% CI=0.22–0.85, P=0.014). We did not identify genome-wide significant (≤5×10−8) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with DCM. The strongest genome-wide signals were at SNP rs67256809 in the intergenic region of the genes LINC02582 and FBXO15 on chromosome 18 (P=1.12×10−7) and rs577081672 in the GTPBP1 gene on chromosome 22 (P=2.9×10−7). No SNPs reported in prior DCM studies were significant after adjusting for replication attempts.

Conclusions.
Increasing age, male sex, and relative socioeconomic deprivation were identified as independent risk factors for DCM, whereas Asian race was inversely associated. SNPs of potential interest were identified in GTPBP1 and an intergenic region on chromosome 18, but these associations did not reach genome-wide significance. Identification of genetic and nongenetic DCM susceptibility markers may guide understanding of DCM disease processes, inform risk, guide prevention and potentially inform surgical outcomes.

Level of Evidence.
Prognostic level III.