bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trade‐offs in non‐native plant herbivore defences enhance performance
Authors: Sun Xiao , Sun Yumei , Cao Xueyao , Zhai Xincong , Callaway Ragan M. , Wan Jinlong , Flory S. Luke , Huang Wei , Ding Jianqing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNon‐native plants are typically released from specialist enemies but continue to be attacked by generalists, albeit at lower intensities. This reduced herbivory may lead to less investment in constitutive defences and greater investment in induced defences, potentially reducing defence costs. We compared herbivory on 27 non‐native and 59 native species in the field and conducted bioassays and chemical analyses on 12 pairs of non‐native and native congeners. Non‐natives suffered less damage and had weaker constitutive defences, but stronger induced defences than natives. For non‐natives, the strength of constitutive defences was correlated with the intensity of herbivory experienced, whereas induced defences showed the reverse. Investment in induced defences correlated positively with growth, suggesting a novel mechanism for the evolution of increased competitive ability. To our knowledge, these are the first linkages reported among trade‐offs in plant defences related to the intensity of herbivory, allocation to constitutive versus induced defences, and growth.
The collaborative study on the genetics of alcoholism: Genetics
Authors: Johnson Emma C. , Salvatore Jessica E. , Lai Dongbing , Merikangas Alison K. , Nurnberger John I. , Tischfield Jay A. , Xuei Xiaoling , Kamarajan Chella , Wetherill Leah ,   COGA Collaborators, Rice John P. , Kramer John R. , Kuperman Samuel , Foroud Tatiana , Slesinger Paul A. , Goate Alison M. , Porjesz Bernice , Dick Danielle M. , Edenberg Howard J. , Agrawal Arpana 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis review describes the genetic approaches and results from the family‐based Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA). COGA was designed during the linkage era to identify genes affecting the risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD) and related problems, and was among the first AUD‐focused studies to subsequently adopt a genome‐wide association (GWAS) approach. COGA's family‐based structure, multimodal assessment with gold‐standard clinical and neurophysiological data, and the availability of prospective longitudinal phenotyping continues to provide insights into the etiology of AUD and related disorders. These include investigations of genetic risk and trajectories of substance use and use disorders, phenome‐wide association studies of loci of interest, and investigations of pleiotropy, social genomics, genetic nurture, and within‐family comparisons. COGA is one of the few AUD genetics projects that includes a substantial number of participants of African ancestry. The sharing of data and biospecimens has been a cornerstone of the COGA project, and COGA is a key contributor to large‐scale GWAS consortia. COGA's wealth of publicly available genetic and extensive phenotyping data continues to provide a unique and adaptable resource for our understanding of the genetic etiology of AUD and related traits.
Estimating co‐extinction threats in terrestrial ecosystems
Authors: Doherty Seamus , Saltré Frédérik , Llewelyn John , Strona Giovanni , Williams Stephen E. , Bradshaw Corey J. A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe biosphere is changing rapidly due to human endeavour. Because ecological communities underlie networks of interacting species, changes that directly affect some species can have indirect effects on others. Accurate tools to predict these direct and indirect effects are therefore required to guide conservation strategies. However, most extinction‐risk studies only consider the direct effects of global change—such as predicting which species will breach their thermal limits under different warming scenarios—with predictions of trophic cascades and co‐extinction risks remaining mostly speculative. To predict the potential indirect effects of primary extinctions, data describing community interactions and network modelling can estimate how extinctions cascade through communities. While theoretical studies have demonstrated the usefulness of models in predicting how communities react to threats like climate change, few have applied such methods to real‐world communities. This gap partly reflects challenges in constructing trophic network models of real‐world food webs, highlighting the need to develop approaches for quantifying co‐extinction risk more accurately. We propose a framework for constructing ecological network models representing real‐world food webs in terrestrial ecosystems and subjecting these models to co‐extinction scenarios triggered by probable future environmental perturbations. Adopting our framework will improve estimates of how environmental perturbations affect whole ecological communities. Identifying species at risk of co‐extinction (or those that might trigger co‐extinctions) will also guide conservation interventions aiming to reduce the probability of co‐extinction cascades and additional species losses.
Hybrid SV‐GARCH, t‐GARCH and Markov‐switching covariance structures in VEC models—Which is better from a predictive perspective?
Authors: Pajor Anna , Wróblewska Justyna , Kwiatkowski Łukasz , Osiewalski Jacek 
Published: June 2023

SummaryWe compare predictive performance of a multitude of alternative Bayesian vector autoregression (VAR) models allowing for cointegration and time‐varying conditional covariances, described by different multivariate stochastic volatility (MSV) models, including their hybrids with multivariate GARCH processes (MSV‐MGARCH), as well as t‐GARCH and Markov‐switching structures. The forecast accuracy is evaluated mainly through predictive Bayes factors, but energy scores and the probability integral transform are also used. Two empirical studies, for the US and Polish economies, are based on a small model of monetary policy comprising inflation, unemployment and interest rate. The results indicate that capturing conditional heteroskedasticity by some MSV‐MGARCH specifications contributes the most to the forecasting power of the VAR/VEC model.
Integrated analysis identifies RAC3 as an immune‐related prognostic biomarker associated with chemotherapy sensitivity in endometrial cancer
Authors: Huang Pu , Qian Yiyu , Xia Yu , Wang Siyuan , Xu Cheng , Zhu Xueqiong , Gao Qinglei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEndometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common gynaecological malignant tumours with a high incidence, leading to urgent demands for exploring novel carcinogenic mechanisms and developing rational therapeutic strategies. The rac family of small GTPase 3 (RAC3) functions as an oncogene in various human malignant tumours and plays an important role in tumour development. However, the critical roles of RAC3 in the progression of EC need further investigation. Based on TCGA, single‐cell RNA‐Seq, CCLE and clinical specimens, we revealed that the RAC3 was specifically distributed in EC tumour cells compared to normal tissues and functioned as an independent diagnostic marker with a high area under curve (AUC) score. Meanwhile, the RAC3 expression in EC tissues was also correlated with a poor prognosis. In detail, the high levels of RAC3 in EC tissues were reversely associated with CD8+T cell infiltration and orchestrated an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Furthermore, RAC3 accelerated tumour cell proliferation and inhibited its apoptosis, without impacting cell cycle stages. Importantly, silencing RAC3 improved the sensitivity of EC cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. In this paper, we revealed that RAC3 was predominantly expressed in EC and significantly correlated with the progression of EC via inducing immunosuppression and regulating tumour cell viability, providing a novel diagnostic biomarker and a promising strategy for sensitizing chemotherapy to EC.
A Study of Physical Resilience and Aging (SPRING): Conceptual framework, rationale, and study design
Authors: Walston Jeremy , Varadhan Ravi , Xue Qian‐Li , Buta Brian , Sieber Frederick , Oni Julius , Imus Phil , Crews Deidra C. , Artz Andrew , Schrack Jennifer , Kalyani Rita R. , Abadir Peter , Carlson Michelle , Hladek Melissa , McAdams‐DeMarco Mara , Jones Rick , Johnson Aaron , Shafi Tariq , Newman Anne B. , Bandeen‐Roche Karen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the physiological basis of physical resilience to clinical stressors is crucial for the well‐being of older adults. This article presents a novel framework to discover the biological underpinnings of physical resilience in older adults as part of the “Characterizing Resiliencies to Physical Stressors in Older Adults: A Dynamical Physiological Systems Approach” study, also known as The Study of Physical Resilience and Aging (SPRING). Physical resilience, defined as the capacity of a person to withstand clinical stressors and quickly recover or improve upon a baseline functional level, is examined in adults aged 55 years and older by studying the dynamics of stress response systems. The hypothesis is that well‐regulated stress response systems promote physical resilience. The study employs dynamic stimulation tests to assess energy metabolism, the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, the autonomic nervous system, and the innate immune system. Baseline characteristics influencing resilience outcomes are identified through deep phenotyping of physical and cognitive function, as well as of biological, environmental, and psychosocial characteristics. SPRING aims to study participants undergoing knee replacement surgery (n = 100), bone and marrow transplantation (n = 100), or anticipating dialysis initiation (n = 60). Phenotypic and functional measures are collected pre‐stressor and at multiple times after stressor for up to 12 months to examine resilience trajectories. By improving our understanding of physical resilience in older adults, SPRING has the potential to enhance resilient outcomes to major clinical stressors. The article provides an overview of the study's background, rationale, design, pilot phase, implementation, and implications for improving the health and well‐being of older adults.
Academic Accommodations for Middle and High School Students Following a Concussion: Perspectives of Teachers and School Administrators
Authors: Shepherd Heather A. , Yeates Keith O. , Reed Nick , Caron Jeffrey G. , Schneider Kathryn J. , Emery Carolyn A. , Black Amanda M. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDAn estimated 1 in 5 adolescents have sustained a concussion in North America. Teachers and school administrators are responsible for implementing academic accommodations and other supports for optimal return to learn following a concussion. The primary objective of this study was to describe the prevalence and feasibility of providing academic accommodations to students following concussion from the perspectives of middle and high school teachers and school administrators.METHODSA cross‐sectional survey was administered to teachers and school administrators (grades 7‐12) across Canada online via REDCap. Participants were recruited via word‐of‐mouth and social media sampling. Survey responses were analyzed descriptively using proportions.RESULTSThe survey was completed by 180 educators (138 teachers and 41 school administrators), of whom 86% had previously provided academic accommodations to students following concussion, and 96% agreed that students should have access to accommodations following concussion. Some accommodations (eg, breaks, extra time) were provided more often and were more feasible to provide than others (eg, no new learning, reduced bright light). Educators reported limited preparation time and limited school personnel support to assist students following concussion.IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITYThe most feasible accommodations should be prioritized, ensuring students are supported within the school environment.CONCLUSIONSTeachers and school administrators confirmed the importance of providing accommodations to students following concussion.
Veterans with blood cancers: Clinical trial navigation and the challenge of rurality
Authors: Friedman Daphne R. , Rodgers Thomas D. , Kovalick Courtney , Yellapragada Sarvari , Szumita Leah , Weiss Elisa S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeThe proportion of cancer patients who participate in clinical trials (CTs) remains low, despite an understanding of barriers to enrollment. The barrier of rural residence is relevant to Veterans, who more commonly live in rural areas than non‐Veterans. In this exploratory study, we aimed to examine geographic factors that could impede CT enrollment and to improve access to CTs for Veterans.MethodsTo assess the influence of rurality on the availability of CTs, we performed simulated searches using The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society's Clinical Trial Support Center (LLS CTSC) database. The LLS CTSC provides free CT education and navigation. In the second part of this study, we offered Veterans with blood cancers who received care at the Durham, Salem, Clarksburg, Sioux Falls, and Houston Veterans Administration (VA) Medical Centers referral to the LLS CTSC.FindingsIn simulated searches, we found significantly lower numbers of CTs open to enrollment in rural areas, compared to urban areas. In actual referrals, 33 Veterans were referred to the LLS CTSC, of which 15 (45%) lived in rural areas. Three Veterans enrolled in CTs. Patients declined referral or did not enroll in CTs for various reasons, including a desire to maintain care within the VA and/or to initiate therapy quickly.ConclusionsWe identified “clinical trial deserts,” which might hinder access and reduce CT participation for rural Veterans. Referral to the LLS CTSC promoted CT education and enrollment among a highly rural cohort of Veterans receiving care in the VA system.
Comrades in the family? Soviet communism and demand for family insurance
Authors: Costa‐Font Joan , Nicińska Anna 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe study how exposure to (Soviet) communism (EC), a political‐economic regime based on collectivist state planning, affected the preferences for family support, which we refer to as informal family insurance. Against the backdrop that ‘communism gave rise to the abolition of the family’, we document that it actually strengthened the preference (the demand) for informal family insurance without depressing individuals' preferences for social insurance. We exploit cross‐country and cohort variation in EC on more than 314,000 individuals living in 33 Central and Eastern European countries, among which 14 had been subject to communist regimes. We estimate that EC gave rise to 9.6 percentage point (pp) increase in the preference for family care for older parent and 4.3 pp increase in the support (both financial and nonfinancial) for children. These effects are explained by the strengthening of social and family networks that resulted from the erosion of generalized, interpersonal and institutional trust, rather than by ‘indoctrination effects’ during Soviet communism times.
MdNAC104 positively regulates apple cold tolerance via CBF‐dependent and CBF‐independent pathways
Authors: Mei Chuang , Yang Jie , Mei Quanlin , Jia Dongfeng , Yan Peng , Feng Beibei , Mamat Aisajan , Gong Xiaoqing , Guan Qingmei , Mao Ke , Wang Jixun , Ma Fengwang 
Published: June 2023

SummaryLow temperature is the main environmental factor affecting the yield, quality and geographical distribution of crops, which significantly restricts development of the fruit industry. The NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2 and CUC2) transcription factor (TF) family is involved in regulating plant cold tolerance, but the mechanisms underlying these regulatory processes remain unclear. Here, the NAC TF MdNAC104 played a positive role in modulating apple cold tolerance. Under cold stress, MdNAC104‐overexpressing transgenic plants exhibited less ion leakage and lower ROS (reactive oxygen species) accumulation, but higher contents of osmoregulatory substances and activities of antioxidant enzymes. Transcriptional regulation analysis showed that MdNAC104 directly bound to the MdCBF1 and MdCBF3 promoters to promote expression. In addition, based on combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, as well as promoter binding and transcriptional regulation analyses, we found that MdNAC104 stimulated the accumulation of anthocyanin under cold conditions by upregulating the expression of anthocyanin synthesis‐related genes, including MdCHS‐b, MdCHI‐a, MdF3H‐a and MdANS‐b, and increased the activities of the antioxidant enzymes by promoting the expression of the antioxidant enzyme‐encoding genes MdFSD2 and MdPRXR1.1. In conclusion, this study revealed the MdNAC104 regulatory mechanism of cold tolerance in apple via CBF‐dependent and CBF‐independent pathways.
On the Electromechanical Instability of Polar Elastomers
Authors: Jiang Yanhui , Nayeb-Hashemi Hamid , Su Yan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBased on a continuum theory that accounts for the underlying molecular physics of polar elastomers (PEs), a typical boundary value problem (BVP) is developed to analyze the electromechanical instability (EMI) of PEs with randomly distributed dielectric particles. Through extensive numerical simulations, the effects of various parameters such as particle volume fraction, particle size, and enhancement factor related to polar groups on the critical voltage leading to EMI of PEs are investigated. The results are presented in 3D phase diagrams, which may better help researchers to understand EMI of PEs and guide them in synthesis, design, and application of PEs in the fields of chemistry, physics, bio-engineering, etc.
Revealing and harnessing CD39 for the treatment of colorectal cancer and liver metastases by engineered T cells
Authors: Potenza Alessia , Balestrieri Chiara , Spiga Martina , Albarello Luca , Pedica Federica , Manfredi Francesco , Cianciotti Beatrice Claudia , De Lalla Claudia , Botrugno Oronza A , Faccani Cristina , Stasi Lorena , Tassi Elena , Bonfiglio Silvia , Scotti Giulia Maria , Redegalli Miriam , Biancolini Donatella , Camisa Barbara , Tiziano Elena , Sirini Camilla , Casucci Monica , Iozzi Chiara , Abbati Danilo , Simeoni Fabio , Lazarevic Dejan , Elmore Ugo , Fiorentini Guido , Di Lullo Giulia , Casorati Giulia , Doglioni Claudio , Tonon Giovanni , Dellabona Paolo , Rosati Riccardo , Aldrighetti Luca , Ruggiero Eliana , Bonini Chiara 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveColorectal tumours are often densely infiltrated by immune cells that have a role in surveillance and modulation of tumour progression but are burdened by immunosuppressive signals, which might vary from primary to metastatic stages. Here, we deployed a multidimensional approach to unravel the T-cell functional landscape in primary colorectal cancers (CRC) and liver metastases, and genome editing tools to develop CRC-specific engineered T cells.DesignWe paired high-dimensional flow cytometry, RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry to describe the functional phenotype of T cells from healthy and neoplastic tissue of patients with primary and metastatic CRC and we applied lentiviral vectors (LV) and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technologies to develop CRC-specific cellular products.ResultsWe found that T cells are mainly localised at the front edge and that tumor-infiltrating T cells co-express multiple inhibitory receptors, which largely differ from primary to metastatic sites. Our data highlighted CD39 as the major driver of exhaustion in both primary and metastatic colorectal tumours. We thus simultaneously redirected T-cell specificity employing a novel T-cell receptor targeting HER-2 and disrupted the endogenous TCR genes (TCR editing (TCRED)) and the CD39 encoding gene (ENTPD1), thus generating TCREDENTPD1KOHER-2-redirected lymphocytes. We showed that the absence of CD39 confers to HER-2-specific T cells a functional advantage in eliminating HER-2+patient-derived organoidsin vitroandin vivo.ConclusionHER-2-specific CD39 disrupted engineered T cells are promising advanced medicinal products for primary and metastatic CRC.
Understanding the circumstances of paediatric fall injuries: a machine learning analysis of NEISS narratives
Authors: Omaki Elise , Shields Wendy , Rouhizadeh Masoud , Delgado-Barroso Pamela , Stefanos Ruth , Gielen Andrea 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesFalls are the leading cause of non-fatal injury among young children. The aim of this study was to identify and quantify the circumstances contributing to medically attended paediatric fall injuries among 0–4 years old.MethodsCross-sectional data for falls among kids under 5 years recorded between 2012 and 2016 in the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System was obtained. A sample of 4546 narratives was manually coded for: (1) where the child fell from; (2) what the child fell onto; (3) the activities preceding the fall and (4) how the fall occurred. A natural language processing model was developed and subsequently applied to the remaining uncoded data to yield a set of 91 325 cases coded for what the child fell from, fell onto, the activities preceding the fall, and how the fall occurred. Data were descriptively tabulated by age and disposition.ResultsChildren most often fell from the bed accounting for one-third (33%) of fall injuries in infants, 13% in toddlers and 12% in preschoolers. Children were more likely to be hospitalised if they fell from another person (7.4% vs 2.6% for all other sources; p<0.01). After adjusting for age, the odds of a child being hospitalised following a fall from another person were 2.1 times higher than falling from other surfaces (95% CI 1.6 to 2.7).ConclusionsThe prevalence of injuries due to falling off the bed, and the elevated risk of serious injury from falling from another person highlights the need for more robust and effective communication to caregivers on fall injury prevention.
IntronicFGF14GAA repeat expansions are a common cause of ataxia syndromes with neuropathy and bilateral vestibulopathy
Authors: Pellerin David , Wilke Carlo , Traschütz Andreas , Nagy Sara , Currò Riccardo , Dicaire Marie-Josée , Garcia-Moreno Hector , Anheim Mathieu , Wirth Thomas , Faber Jennifer , Timmann Dagmar , Depienne Christel , Rujescu Dan , Gazulla José , Reilly Mary M , Giunti Paola , Brais Bernard , Houlden Henry , Schöls Ludger , Strupp Michael , Cortese Andrea , Synofzik Matthis 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundIntronic GAA repeat expansions in the fibroblast growth factor 14 gene (FGF14) have recently been identified as a common cause of ataxia with potential phenotypic overlap withRFC1-related cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy and vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS). Our objective was to report on the frequency of intronicFGF14GAA repeat expansions in patients with an unexplained CANVAS-like phenotype.MethodsWe recruited 45 patients negative for biallelicRFC1repeat expansions with a combination of cerebellar ataxia plus peripheral neuropathy and/or bilateral vestibulopathy (BVP), and genotyped theFGF14repeat locus. Phenotypic features of GAA-FGF14-positive versus GAA-FGF14-negative patients were compared.ResultsFrequency ofFGF14GAA repeat expansions was 38% (17/45) in the entire cohort, 38% (5/13) in the subgroup with cerebellar ataxia plus polyneuropathy, 43% (9/21) in the subgroup with cerebellar ataxia plus BVP and 27% (3/11) in patients with all three features. BVP was observed in 75% (12/16) of GAA-FGF14-positive patients. Polyneuropathy was at most mild and of mixed sensorimotor type in six of eight GAA-FGF14-positive patients. Family history of ataxia (59% vs 15%; p=0.007) was significantly more frequent and permanent cerebellar dysarthria (12% vs 54%; p=0.009) significantly less frequent in GAA-FGF14-positive than in GAA-FGF14-negative patients. Age at onset was inversely correlated to the size of the repeat expansion (Pearson’s r, −0.67; R2=0.45; p=0.0031).ConclusionsGAA-FGF14-related disease is a common cause of cerebellar ataxia with polyneuropathy and/or BVP, and should be included in the differential diagnosis ofRFC1CANVAS and disease spectrum.