bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying Fe as OER Active Sites and Ultralow‐Cost Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Li Bo , Zhao Jun , Wu Yishang , Zhang Guobin , Wu Haikun , Lyu Fucong , He Jun , Fan Jun , Lu Jian , Li Yang Yang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractElectrocatalysts based on Fe and other transition metals are regarded as most promising candidates for accelerating the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), whereas whether Fe is the catalytic active site for OER is still under debate. Here, unary Fe‐ and binary FeNi‐ based catalysts, FeOOH and FeNi(OH)x, are produced by self‐reconstruction. The former is a dual‐phased FeOOH, possessing abundant oxygen vacancies (VO) and mixed‐valence states, delivering the highest OER performance among all the unary iron oxides‐ and hydroxides‐ based powder catalysts reported to date, supporting Fe can be catalytically active for OER. As to binary catalyst, FeNi(OH)x is fabricated featuring 1) an equal molar content of Fe and Ni and 2) rich VO, both of which are found essential to enable abundant stabilized reactive centers (FeOOHNi) for high OER performance. Fe is found to be oxidized to 3.5+ during the *OOH process, thus, Fe is identified to be the active site in this new layered double hydroxide (LDH) structure with Fe:Ni = 1:1. Furthermore, the maximized catalytic centers enable FeNi(OH)x@NF (nickel foam) as low‐cost bifunctional electrodes for overall water‐splitting, delivering excellent performance comparable to commercial electrodes based on precious metals, which overcomes a major obstacle to the commercialization of bifunctional electrodes: prohibitive cost.
Southern gains and northern losses: Regional variation in the evolution of black/white earnings differences in the United States, 1976–2017
Authors: Ballard Charles L. , Goddeeris John H. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe document large differences among regions of the United States in the trends of the black/white earnings gap among full‐time workers from 1976 to 2017. Outside the South, the earnings of black workers grew more slowly than those of non‐Hispanic white workers. These relative decreases were much larger for women than for men. However, in the South, the racial earnings gap shrank for men, and changed little for women. Thus, we find a substantial convergence across regions in the black/white earnings gap. The most important explanations of the racial earnings gaps are persistent racial differences in educational attainment and persistent occupational segregation. However, differences in observables leave much of the racial earnings gaps unexplained. The regional convergence in the racial earnings gap is evident in both explained and unexplained gaps for both women and men.
Flexural behavior and minimum reinforcement condition in hybrid‐reinforced concrete beams
Authors: Rubino Alessio , Accornero Federico , Carpinteri Alberto 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHybrid reinforced concrete (HRC) can be defined as a cementitious material in which the reinforcing secondary phase consists of a combination of continuous steel rebars and of short discontinuous fibers, randomly distributed within the concrete matrix. For these structural elements, experimental flexural tests highlight how the postcracking response of the composite is strongly affected by the amount of steel bars together with reinforcing fibers. In the present work, it is shown that the action of these two contributions can be clearly interpreted in the framework of Fracture Mechanics through the Updated Bridged Crack Model (UBCM). The model assumes nonlinear constitutive laws to describe the toughening action of the reinforcing secondary phases, which are related to the yielding of steel rebars and to the pull‐out of the short fibers. Under these assumptions, different postcracking regimes depending on three scale‐dependent dimensionless numbers can be predicted: the bar‐reinforcement brittleness number, NP, which is directly related to the steel bar area percentage, ρ; the fiber‐reinforcement brittleness number, NP,f, which is directly related to the fiber volume fraction, Vf; and the pull‐out brittleness number, Nw, which depends on the critical embedment length of the fiber‐reinforcement, wc. The couples of critical values of the two reinforcement brittleness numbers define the minimum reinforcement conditions of the HRC structural element—that is, the combination of ρmin and Vf,min required to guarantee a stable post‐cracking response—including its scale dependence. A parametrical analysis is presented together with the modeling of an experimental campaign reported in the literature in order to assess the effectiveness of the UBCM.
Comparative transcriptome profiling analysis provides insight into the mechanisms for sugar change in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) under rain‐proof cultivation
Authors: Ji Qing , Wang Ruifang , Chen Kai , Xie Zhengwan , Li Sunyang , Wang Dawei , Zhang Ao , Xu Yumei , Li Shenghui , Cui Junjun , Liu Sha , Zhou Jun , Wang Lihu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is a globally popular and economically important fruit that is rich in bioactive compounds with strong anti‐cancer effects. Rain‐proof cultivation is widely used to cultivate Chinese jujube, as it helps avoid rainfall damage during fruit harvest. Although the sugar content of jujube fruits differs between rain‐proof and open‐field cultivation, the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. Here, we analyzed the levels of sugar content, sugar accumulation pattern, and transcriptome profiles of jujube fruits at five developmental stages grown under rain‐proof and open‐field cultivation modes. The sugar content of jujube fruits was significantly higher under rain‐proof cultivation than under open‐field cultivation, although the sugar composition and sugar accumulation patterns were comparable. Comparative analysis of transcriptomic profiles showed that rain‐proof cultivation enhanced the intrinsic metabolic activity of fruit development. Gene expression and correlation analyses suggested that ZjSPS, ZjSS, ZjHXK, and ZjINV regulate the development‐related changes in sugar content in jujube fruits grown under rain‐proof cultivation. Temperature, humidity, and moisture conditions were key climatic factors affecting sugar accumulation. Our results provide insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating sugar content and sugar accumulation in Chinese jujube fruits grown under rain‐proof cultivation, and we provide genetic resources for studying the development mechanism of Chinese jujube fruit.
Contralateral Horner's syndrome after ultrasound‐guided right brachial plexus blockade using subscalenic approach in a dog
Authors: Del Prete Giulia , Gioeni Daniela , Lazzarini Eleonora , Baio Matteo , Carotenuto Alessandra Maria 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe objective of this case report is to describe the presentation, development and outcome of left‐sided Horner's syndrome following right brachial plexus blockade using the subscalenic approach in a dog. The patient was admitted for bipedicle advancement flap of the right forelimb. An ultrasound‐guided subscalenic approach for right brachial plexus nerve block was performed using 0.4 mL/kg of ropivacaine 0.375%. After extubation, the dog showed miosis, enophthalmos, palpebral ptosis and protrusion of the third eyelid of the left eye, compatible with left Horner syndrome. The dog did not seem to be uncomfortable, and about 180 minutes after extubation, when sensory function of the right forelimb was partially recovered, signs of left Horner syndrome disappeared. Six hours after extubation, the dog was discharged without any complication. To the authors’ knowledge, there are no reports of contralateral Horner's syndrome after subscalenic brachial plexus blockade in dogs.
Effect of La2O3 and CeO2 on anaerobic methanogenesis process: Kinetics analysis and process mechanism study
Authors: Su Kai , Li Lin‐xiao , Zeng Zhuo , Yang Xue , Wang Qin , Cao Rong , Yang Cheng , Zhang Han , Chen Jun‐min , Tang Wen‐ya , Lin Xin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLa2O3 and CeO2, as main rare earth oxides, with unique physical and chemical properties have been widely used in catalyst and grinding industry. In this study, the effects of La2O3 and CeO2 on the anaerobic process were investigated. The biological methane production tests showed that 0–0.05 g/L La2O3 and 0–0.05 g/L CeO2 enhanced anaerobic methanogenesis process. The result showed maximum specific methanogenic rates of La2O3 and CeO2 were 56.26 mL/(h·gVSS) and 49.43 mL/(h·gVSS) and, compared with the control, increased 4% and 3%, respectively. La2O3 significantly reduced the accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), whereas CeO2 had no similar effect. Dissolution experiments demonstrated that the content of extracellular La in the anaerobic granular sludge reached 404 μg‐La/g volatile suspended solid (VSS), which was 134 times higher than that of extracellular Ce (3 μg‐Ce/gVSS). The content of intracellular La reached 206 μg‐La/gVSS, which was 19 times higher than that of intracellular Ce (11 μg‐Ce/gVSS). The different stimulation between La3+ and Ce3+ could be attributed to the different dissolution of La2O3 and CeO2. The result of this work is helpful to optimize anaerobic processes and to develop novel additives.Practitioner Points
Novel anaerobic additives were developed.
La2O3 and CeO2 in 0–0.05 g/L enhanced organics degradation and methane production.
The addition of La2O3 significantly reduced the accumulation of volatile fatty acids.
The solubilization of La2O3 was stronger than CeO2.
The promoting effects of low concentrations of La2O3 and CeO2 were derived from dissolved La and Ce.
Impact of instrumentation reliability on mainstream suspended partial denitrification–anammox (PdNA)
Authors: Ladipo‐Obasa Mojolaoluwa , Forney Nicole , Foster Audra , Maxwell Evalyn , Long Chenghua , Chandran Kartik , Riffat Rumana , Bott Charles , deBarbadillo Christine , De Clippeleir Haydee 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study successfully revealed the importance of probe reliability and sensitivity with ion sensitive electrode (ISE) probes on achieving high partial denitrification (PdN) efficiency; and decreasing carbon overdosing events that cause the decline of microbial populations and performance of PdNA. In a mainstream integrated hybrid granule–floc system, an average PdN efficiency of 76% was achieved with acetate as the carbon source. Thauera was identified as the dominant PdN species; its presence in the system was analogous to instrumentation reliability and PdN selection and was not a consequence of bioaugmentation. Up to 27–121 mg total inorganic nitrogen/L/d, an equivalent of 18–48% of the overall total inorganic nitrogen removed, was achieved through the PdNA pathway. Candidatus Brocadia was the main anoxic ammonium oxidizing bacteria species that was seeded from sidestream and enriched and retained in the mainstream system with observed growth rates of 0.04–0.13 day−1. Moreover, there was no direct negative impact of methanol's use for post‐polishing on anoxic ammonium oxidizing bacteria activity and growth.Practitioner Points

Stress testing with ISE sensors revealed the importance of probe reliability and sensitivity on PdN selection and PdNA performance.
Up to 121 mg TIN/L/d was achieved via PdNA in a mainstream suspended hybrid granule–floc partial denitrification–anammox (PdNA) system.
Candidatus Brocadia was the dominant AnAOB species with observed growth rates of 0.04–0.13 day–1.
There was no direct negative impact of methanol's use for post‐polishing on AnAOB activity and growth.
Affleck-Dine cogenesis of baryon and dark matter
Authors: Borah Debasish , Das Suruj Jyoti , Okada Nobuchika 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We propose a mechanism for cogenesis of baryon and dark matter (DM) in the universe via the Affleck-Dine (AD) route. An AD field which breaks the lepton number symmetry, leads to the generation of lepton asymmetry by virtue of its cosmic evolution, which then gets transferred into lepton and dark sectors. While the lepton asymmetry gets converted into baryon asymmetry via sphalerons, the dark sector asymmetry leads to the final DM abundance with the symmetric part being annihilated away due to resonantly enhanced annihilation, which we choose to be provided by a gauged B − L portal. Stringent constraints from DM direct detection forces DM and B − L gauge boson masses to be light, in the few GeV ballpark. While a large portion of the model parameter space is already ruled out, the remaining parameter space is within sensitivity of laboratory as well as cosmology based experiments. The AD field also plays the role of inflaton with the required dynamics by virtue of its non-minimal coupling to gravity, consistent with observations.
Information metric on the boundary
Authors: Suzuki Kenta , Suzuki Yu-ki , Tsuda Takashi , Watanabe Masataka 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The information metric on the space of boundary coupling constants in two-dimensional conformal field theories is studied. Such a metric is related to the Casimir energy difference of the theory defined on an interval. We concretely compute the information metric on the boundary conformal manifold of free boson CFT as well as SU(2)k WZW theory, obtaining the result expected from the symmetry of the systems. We also compute the information metric on the space of non-conformal boundary states produced by boundary mass perturbations in the theory of a real free scalar. The holographic dual of the boundary information metric in the context of AdS3/BCFT2 is also discussed. We argue that it corresponds to the area of the minimal cross section of the end-of-the-world brane connecting two boundaries of the asymptotic BCFTs.
Optimism and pessimism are antithetically associated with post-operative knee function in patients’ undergoing total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Wunderlich Felix , Ghaemi Kerahrodi Jasmin , Kuchen Robert , Klonschinski Thomas , Afghanyar Yama , Wegner Erik , Drees Philipp , Eckhard Lukas 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Personality traits, such as dispositional optimism and pessimism, have impact on a variety of health-related problems. Influence on outcome in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) could only be shown for other personality trait concepts, but not for dispositional optimism/pessimism. This study aims to examine the association of dispositional optimism/pessimism with pre-operative joint function and post-operative outcome in TKA.

Methods
Data were acquired in a multicentre, cross-sectoral, prospective study (the PROMISE Trial). Patients were followed for 12 months post-operatively. Dispositional optimism/pessimism was measured pre-operatively via the revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R), pre- and post-operative function was measured via the 12 Item Knee-osteoarthritis outcome Scores (KOOS-12). Log-linear regression models considering known confounders and t-test were carried out to show the association of LOT-R scores with pre- and post-operative KOOS-12 scores.

Results
740 patients were analyzed. Optimistic LOT-R was significantly positively associated to the mean scores of KOOS-12 pre- and post-operative, while pessimistic LOT-R was significantly associated negatively (pre-operative: optimistic p = 0.001, pessimistic p = 0.001; post-operative optimistic: 3M p = 0.001, 6M p = 0.001, 12M p = 0.001; post-operative pessimistic: 3M p = 0.01, 6M p = 0.004, 12M p = 0.001).

Conclusion
Optimism was positively associated with pre-operative joint function and, more importantly, post-operative functional outcome in TKA, while pessimism was associated with the opposite. Assessing patients’ general personality traits prior to surgery to identify pessimistic patients, hence being at risk for poor outcome in TKA, should be considered to react to the patients’ special needs and possible pessimistic expectations, i.e., through a cognitive–behavioral intervention, to potentially increase optimism and hereby post-operative outcome in TKA.

Level of evidence
Prognostic Level III.
Rectal cancer lexicon 2023 revised and updated consensus statement from the Society of Abdominal Radiology Colorectal and Anal Cancer Disease-Focused Panel
Authors: Lee Sonia , Kassam Zahra , Baheti Akshay D. , Hope Thomas A. , Chang Kevin J. , Korngold Elena K. , Taggart Melissa W. , Horvat Natally 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Society of Abdominal Radiology’s Colorectal and Anal Cancer Disease-Focused Panel (DFP) first published a rectal cancer lexicon paper in 2019. Since that time, the DFP has published revised initial staging and restaging reporting templates, and a new SAR user guide to accompany the rectal MRI synoptic report (primary staging). This lexicon update summarizes interval developments, while conforming to the original lexicon 2019 format. Emphasis is placed on primary staging, treatment response, anatomic terminology, nodal staging, and the utility of specific sequences in the MRI protocol. A discussion of primary tumor staging reviews updates on tumor morphology and its clinical significance, T1 and T3 subclassifications and their clinical implications, T4a and T4b imaging findings/definitions, terminology updates on the use of MRF over CRM, and the conundrum of the external sphincter. A parallel section on treatment response reviews the clinical significance of near-complete response and introduces the lexicon of “regrowth” versus “recurrence”. A review of relevant anatomy incorporates updated definitions and expert consensus of anatomic landmarks, including the NCCN’s new definition of rectal upper margin and sigmoid take-off. A detailed review of nodal staging is also included, with attention to tumor location relative to the dentate line and locoregional lymph node designation, a new suggested size threshold for lateral lymph nodes and their indications for use, and imaging criteria used to differentiate tumor deposits from lymph nodes. Finally, new treatment terminologies such as organ preservation, TNT, TAMIS and watch-and-wait management are introduced. This 2023 version aims to serve as a concise set of up-to-date recommendations for radiologists, and discusses terminology, classification systems, MRI and clinical staging, and the evolving concepts in diagnosis and treatment of rectal cancer.
Graphical abstract
Narrow-beaked trogons from the early Eocene London Clay of Walton-on-the-Naze (Essex, UK)
Authors: Mayr Gerald , De Pietri Vanesa L. , Kitchener Andrew C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe describe multiple partial skeletons of a new trogon species from the early Eocene London Clay of Walton-on-the-Naze (Essex, UK), which are among the oldest fossils of the Trogoniformes.Eotrogon stenorhynchus, gen. et sp. nov. has a much narrower and more gracile beak than extant trogons, which denotes different ecological attributes of the fossil species.Eotrogon stenorhynchusalready had the heterodactyl foot characterising extant trogons, even though the trochlea for the second toe is smaller than in crown group Trogoniformes. Differences to extant trogons in the wing and pectoral girdle elements suggest thatE. stenorhynchuswas less adapted to short-term hovering, which may indicate different foraging techniques. We also report a partial tarsometatarsus from the early Miocene of France that is likely to belong toParatrogon gallicus, a species previously only known from humeri.P. gallicusis the earliest modern-type trogon, and we show that the newly identified tarsometatarsus does not support the proposed referral of this species to the African taxonApaloderma. We identify skeletal features that suggest a sister group relationship betweenApalodermaand all other crown group Trogoniformes, but the exact affinities ofParatrogonremain poorly resolved. (http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:73B64B84-11C2-4D50-8540-099CF86B6CA1).
Haumanu Hauora: refining public health institution policy to include Māori and climate change
Authors: Masters-Awatere Bridgette , Howard Darelle , Young Patricia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe deepening climate crisis generates specific impacts that will exacerbate the already disproportionately negative health outcomes experienced by Indigenous people. Disparate health outcomes have not spontaneously emerged, but rather have been foreshadowed by existing inequities. This article summarizes a sample of the work from a two-year research project in Aotearoa New Zealand to understand existing policy processes and ascertain the extent to which health institutions give serious consideration to climate change impacts on Māori (Indigenous people) with health vulnerabilities. Speaking to tāngata whenua (Indigenous Māori), District Health Board (DHB) employees, and subject matter experts (SMEs), it was clear that policy processes were ad hoc and problematically silenced consistent Māori input. While research participants expressed their experiences of, and aspirations for, dealing with climate change, their voices were not evident in DHB policy development processes. The deficit within existing policy process reflects a lack of preparedness in the face of climate change. Despite clear resilience and adaptation strategies, structural change is needed to address identified disadvantages. Through a co-designed policy framework (“Haumanu Hauora”), we guide policy formation to mitigate climate change risk to Māori (and others). Central to the revised policy framework is the creation of space for both internal and external Māori voices to ensure consistent Māori input throughout the policy process. We also introduce a commissioning, refining, and monitoring stage (that includes evaluation). Haumanu Hauora considers whānau-centered healthcare knowledge, needs, resources, and aspirations, to contribute to a transformed and responsive health system. Above all, we believe that strengthening health institution responsiveness to Māori health needs is essential.
Simulations of Amyloid-Forming Peptides in the Crystal State
Authors: Hosseini A. Najla , van der Spoel David 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThere still is little treatment available for amyloid diseases, despite their significant impact on individuals and the social and economic implications for society. One reason for this is that the physical nature of amyloid formation is not understood sufficiently well. Therefore, fundamental research at the molecular level remains necessary to support the development of therapeutics. A few structures of short peptides from amyloid-forming proteins have been determined. These can in principle be used as scaffolds for designing aggregation inhibitors. Attempts to this end have often used the tools of computational chemistry, in particular molecular simulation. However, few simulation studies of these peptides in the crystal state have been presented so far. Hence, to validate the capability of common force fields (AMBER19SB, CHARMM36m, and OPLS-AA/M) to yield insight into the dynamics and structural stability of amyloid peptide aggregates, we have performed molecular dynamics simulations of twelve different peptide crystals at two different temperatures. From the simulations, we evaluate the hydrogen bonding patterns, the isotropic B-factors, the change in energy, the Ramachandran plots, and the unit cell parameters and compare the results with the crystal structures. Most crystals are stable in the simulations but for all force fields there is at least one that deviates from the experimental crystal, suggesting more work is needed on these models.