bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial Disparities in Compensation Among US Anesthesiologists: Results of a National Survey of Anesthesiologists
Authors: Vandenberg Megan T. , Kraus Molly , Misra Lopa , Hertzberg Linda , Buckner-Petty Skye , Padmanabhan Asha , Tollinche Luis E. , Milam Adam J. 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND:
A racial compensation disparity among physicians across numerous specialties is well documented and persists after adjustment for age, sex, experience, work hours, productivity, academic rank, and practice structure. This study examined national survey data to determine whether there are racial differences in compensation among anesthesiologists in the United States.

METHODS:
In 2018, 28,812 active members of the American Society of Anesthesiologists were surveyed to examine compensation among members. Compensation was defined as the amount reported as direct compensation on a W-2, 1099, or K-1, plus all voluntary salary reductions (eg, 401[k], health insurance). Covariates potentially associated with compensation were identified (eg, sex and academic rank) and included in regression models. Racial differences in outcome and model variables were assessed via Wilcoxon rank sum tests and Pearson’s χ2 tests. Covariate adjusted ordinal logistic regression estimated an odds ratio (OR) for the relationship between race and ethnicity and compensation while adjusting for provider and practice characteristics.

RESULTS:
The final analytical sample consisted of 1952 anesthesiologists (78% non-Hispanic White). The analytic sample represented a higher percentage of White, female, and younger physicians compared to the demographic makeup of anesthesiologists in the United States. When comparing non-Hispanic White anesthesiologists with anesthesiologists from other racial and ethnic minority groups, (ie, American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian, Black, Hispanic, and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander), the dependent variable (compensation range) and 6 of the covariates (sex, age, spousal work status, region, practice type, and completed fellowship) had significant differences. In the adjusted model, anesthesiologists from racial and ethnic minority populations had 26% lower odds of being in a higher compensation range compared to White anesthesiologists (OR, 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61–0.91).

CONCLUSIONS:
Compensation for anesthesiologists showed a significant pay disparity associated with race and ethnicity even after adjusting for provider and practice characteristics. Our study raises concerns that processes, policies, or biases (either implicit or explicit) persist and may impact compensation for anesthesiologists from racial and ethnic minority populations. This disparity in compensation requires actionable solutions and calls for future studies that investigate contributing factors and to validate our findings given the low response rate.
A study on the attitude of Polish psychotherapists towards online therapy – Polish adaptation of the UTAUT-T (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology – Therapist version) and verification of the UTAUT-T model
Authors: Koch Agnieszka , Graczykowska Agata , Szumiał Szymon , Marszał - Wiśniewska Magdalena 
Published: April 2023

Cel pracyCelem badania była weryfikacja własności psychometrycznych polskiej adaptacji kwestionariusza The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology - Therapist version (UTAUT-T) oraz weryfikacji modelu UTAUT-T w grupie polskich psychoterapeutów.Metoda434 osoby w wieku 27-66 lat (M=40,78; SD=7,70), w tym 337 kobiet i 58 mężczyzn wzięło udział w internetowym badaniu samoopisowym, które polegało na wypełnieniu trzech kwestionariuszy: UTAUT-T, Krótkiego Kwestionariusz Do Pomiaru Wielkiej Piątki (IPIP-BFM-20), Kwestionariusza Gotowości Technologicznej (TRI 2.0), a także udzieleniu odpowiedzi na pytania dotyczące wykorzystania technologii cyfrowych w pracy zawodowej. Przeprowadzono następujące analizy: konfirmacyjną analizę czynnikową (CFA), analizę rzetelności metodą alfa Cronbacha oraz analizę trafności teoretycznej.WynikiPrzeprowadzone analizy wykazały, że struktura czynnikowa polskiej wersji kwestionariusza UTAUT-T jest tożsama oryginalnemu narzędziu, a model UTAUT został potwierdzony w grupie polskich psychoterapeutów. Współczynnik rzetelności alfa Cronbacha dla poszczególnych podskal mieścił się w przedziale od 0,57 do 0,97. Badania trafności teoretycznej potwierdziły spodziewane korelacje pomiędzy większością wymiarów akceptacji technologii oraz gotowości technologicznej. Ponadto zaobserwowano pojedyncze bardzo słabe związki korelacyjne między akceptacją technologii a cechami osobowości.WnioskiWłasności psychometryczne polskiej wersji kwestionariusza UTAUT-T wykazują zadowalające wartości. Skala może być wykorzystywana do prowadzenia dalszych badań. Model UTAUT-T może być wykorzystywany do przewidywania rzeczywistego korzystania z nowych technologii przez psychoterapeutów polskich.
Metáfora, integração conceptual e pandemia: a multidisciplinaridade como chave metodológica
Authors: Costa Estefani Gumiéro 
Published: April 2023

Neste ensaio, traço algumas considerações a respeito do caminho analítico e metodológico (estratégias, dificuldades, medidas de enfrentamento de impasses teóricos etc.) da pesquisa na qual venho trabalhando ao longo do doutorado em Linguística Cognitiva, na Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ). Investigo 20 obras do cartunista Ulisses Araújo à luz dos fundamentos da Linguística Cognitiva, em especial, da teoria da Integração Conceptual (FAUCONNIER; TURNER, 2002) e da Metáfora Conceptual Estendida (KÖVECSES, 2020). Para tal, parto do pressuposto de que mescla e metáfora sejam processos cognitivos subjacentes, correlacionados e fundamentais à criação de sentidos em gêneros textuais, sobretudo os multimodais, como a charge. No processo, o viés multidisciplinar advindo do somatório de fundamentos da Filosofia, Psicologia, Antropologia e Arte vem se mostrando chave para os fins da pesquisa.
The performance of clinical risk scores in the diagnosis of necrotising fasciitis
Authors: Daniels Marc , Perbix Walter , Oberländer Henrik , Schiefer Jennifer , Fuchs Paul Christian , Seyhan Harun 
Published: April 2023

Objective: Necrotising fasciitis (NF) is a quickly progressing and potentially life-threatening infection, involving the fascia and subcutaneous tissues. The diagnosis of this disease is challenging, especially due to a lack of specific clinical signs. In order to ensure a better and quicker identification of NF patients, a laboratory risk indicator score has been developed for NF (LRINEC). A variant has widened this score by adding clinical parameters (modified LRINEC). This study shows current outcomes of NF and compares the two scoring systems. Methods: This study was conducted between 2011 and 2018, and included patient demographics, clinical presentations, sites of infection, comorbidities, microbiological and laboratory findings, antibiotic therapies and LRINEC as well as modified LRINEC scores. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Results: A cohort of 36 patients, diagnosed with NF, were included in this study. The mean hospital stay was 56 days (±38.2 days). The mortality rate in the cohort was 25%. The sensitivity of the LRINEC score was 86%. Calculation of the modified LRINEC score showed an improvement of the sensitivity to 97%. The average LRINEC score and modified LRINEC score for patients who died and who survived were equal (7.4 versus 7.9 and 10.4 versus 10.0, respectively). Conclusion: The mortality rate of NF remains high. The modified LRINEC score increased the sensitivity in our cohort to 97%, and this scoring system could be supportive in the diagnosis of NF for early surgical debridement.
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy long-range detection investigation based on the alternating coupling of a surface plasmonic array and dielectric waveguide
Authors: Lai Chunhong , Zhang Zhijun , Jiang Xiaoming , Wen Jing , Zeng Cheng , Li Yuanrui 
Published: April 2023

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is widely used to detect
low-concentration samples in biology, medicine, etc. We design and
theoretically investigate a SERS sensor with a surface plasmonic array
coupled alternately with a dielectric waveguide. The effect of the
incident angle on the coupling efficiency of an evanescent field is
systematically studied. The results show that the maximum evanescent
field coupling efficiency can be obtained at an incident angle of 66°.
The proposed SERS sensor has a transmission length of 1.027 cm
and a high enhancement performance with an enhancement factor of 1.574×104 at a wavelength of 633 nm. The
integration of this SERS sensor with a metal array and a dielectric
waveguide prevents the direct illumination of the sample molecules by
the excited light. Furthermore, the long-range nondestructive
detection of the SERS signals of the low-concentration sample
molecules can be achieved.
Maternity and family leave experiences among female ophthalmologists in the United States
Authors: Zimmermann Caroline M. , Kraus Courtney L. , Campbell Ashley A. , Kaleem Mona A. , Shukla Aakriti Garg , McGlumphy Elyse J. 
Published: April 2023

Objective
To evaluate family and maternity leave policies and examine the social and professional impacts on female ophthalmologists

Participants
Participants were recruited through the Women in Ophthalmology online list-serv to complete a survey evaluating maternity leave policies and their impacts. Survey questions were repeated for each birth event after medical school for up to five birth events.

Results
The survey was accessed 198 times, and 169 responses were unique. Most participants were practicing ophthalmologists (92%), with a minority in residency (5%), in fellowship (1.2%), on disability/leave (0.6%), or retired (0.6%). Most participants (78%) were within their first ten years of practice. Experiences were recorded for each leave event, with 169 responses for the first leave, 120 for the second, 28 for the third, and 2 for the fourth. Nearly half of participants reported the information they received about maternity leave to be somewhat or extremely inadequate (first: 50%; second: 42%; third: 41%). Many reported a greater sense of burnout after returning to work (first: 61%, second: 58%, third: 46%). A minority of participants received full pay during the first through third maternity leave events, 39%, 27%, and 33%, respectively. About a third of participants reported being somewhat or very dissatisfied with their maternity leave experience (first: 42%, second: 35%; third: 27%).

Conclusions
Female ophthalmologists have varying experiences with maternity leave, but many encounter similar challenges. This study demonstrates that many women receive inadequate information about family leave, desire more weeks of leave, experience a wide variation in pay practices, and lack support for breastfeeding. Understanding the shared experiences of women in ophthalmology identifies areas where improvements are needed in maternity leave practices within the field to create a more supportive environment for physician mothers.
Micronutrient intake and associated factors among pregnant women in East Africa: Multilevel logistic regression analysis
Authors: Enyew Ermias Bekele , Tareke Abiyu Abadi , Dubale Abiy Tasew , Fetene Samrawit Mihret , Ahmed Mohammedjud Hassen , Feyisa Mahider Shimelis , Ngusie Habtamu Setegn 
Published: April 2023

Background
Micronutrient deficiencies during pregnancy pose significant public health issues, considering the potential for negative consequences not only during pregnancy but also throughout life. Anemia in pregnant women is becoming a significant problem in developing countries, with scientific evidence indicating that 41.8 percent of women worldwide suffer from anemia. As a result, investigating the pooled prevalence and factors associated with micronutrient intake among pregnant women in East Africa is critical to alleviate the burden of micronutrient deficiency among pregnant women.

Method
The pooled prevalence of micronutrient intake with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was reported and presented in a forest plot for East Africa Countries using STATA version 14.1. Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC), Likelihood Ratio (LR) test, Median Odds Ratio (MOR), and deviance (-2LLR) values were used for model comparison and fitness. Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) and p-value ≤0.05 in the multilevel logistic model were used to declare significant factors associated with micronutrient intake.

Result
The pooled prevalence of micronutrient intake in East African countries was 36.07% (95% CI: 35.82%, 36.33%). In the multilevel logistic regression model, women from the highest wealth quintile were 1.06 [AOR = 1.09, 95%CI: 1.00, 1.11] more likely to take micronutrients compared to their counterparts. Mothers who attained primary education, secondary education, and tertiary education had 1.20 times [AOR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.15, 1.26], 1.28 times [AOR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.19, 1.36] and 1.22 times [AOR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.38] more likely take micronutrient compared to mothers who attained no education, respectively.

Conclusion
The overall prevalence of micronutrient intake in East Africa was low. Only 36% of the study participants had micronutrient intake practice. Socioeconomic factors (education level, and household wealth status) have been shown to influence micronutrient intake. Therefore, it is necessitates the continuation of ongoing projects as well as the development of fresh ones that concentrate on these variables and include effective treatments and programs, especially among underprivileged and vulnerable populations.
Ethical issues in big data: A qualitative study comparing responses in the health and higher education sectors
Authors: Braunack-Mayer Annette , Carolan Lucy , Street Jackie , Ha Tam , Fabrianesi Belinda , Carter Stacy 
Published: April 2023

Introduction
The health and higher education sectors are increasingly using large administrative datasets for secondary purposes. Both sectors experience ethical challenges in the use of big data. This study identifies and explores how these two sectors are responding to these ethical challenges.

Objectives and approach
Through in-depth qualitative interviews, we asked 18 key Australian stakeholders using or sharing big data in the health and higher education sectors to identify the ethical, social and legal issues associated with big data use and their views on how to build ethical policies in this area.

Results
There was strong agreement between participants in the two sectors in a number of areas. All participants believed in the benefits of data usage and recognised the importance of privacy, transparency and consent, and the duties for data custodians which followed from these principles. However, there were also significant differences. The participants in the two sectors took different views on what data are for, what benefits data should provide, who should benefit and how, and the imagined unit of analysis for working with data. Broadly, participants from the higher education sector approached these questions with individual students in mind, while health sector informants approached these questions with collectives, groups, or publics in mind. In deciding what to do, the health participants drew principally on a shared toolkit of legislative, regulatory and ethical instruments, and higher education participants on a culture of duties towards individuals.

Conclusion / implications
The health and higher education sectors are responding to ethical challenges in the use of big data in different, but potentially complementary, ways.
Management of preterm birth using protocols in a low resource setting
Authors: Akello Jackline , Namusoke Fatuma , Alia Godfrey , Mwaka Savio 
Published: April 2023

Background
Preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal deaths and the second leading cause of death in children under five after pneumonia. The study aimed at improving the management of preterm birth through the development of protocols for standardization of care.

Methods
The study was conducted in Mulago National Referral Labor ward in two phases. A total of 360 case files were reviewed and mothers whose files had missing data interviewed for clarity for both the baseline audit and the re-audit. Chi squares were used to compare results for the baseline and the re-audit.

Results
There was significant improvement in four parameters out of the six that were used to assess quality of care and these were 32% increase in administration of Dexamethasone for fetal lung maturity, 27% increase in administration of Magnesium Sulphate for fetal neuroprotection and 23% increase in anti-biotic administration. A 14% reduction noted in patients who received no intervention. However, there was no change in the administration of Tocolytic.

Conclusion
The results of this study have shown that protocols standardize care and improve the quality of care in preterm delivery to optimize outcomes.
A review of small object and movement detection based loss function and optimized technique
Authors: Chaturvedi Ravi Prakash , Ghose Udayan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The objective of this study is to supply an overview of research work based on video-based networks and tiny object identification. The identification of tiny items and video objects, as well as research on current technologies, are discussed first. The detection, loss function, and optimization techniques are classified and described in the form of a comparison table. These comparison tables are designed to help you identify differences in research utility, accuracy, and calculations. Finally, it highlights some future trends in video and small object detection (people, cars, animals, etc.), loss functions, and optimization techniques for solving new problems.
Evaluation of an artificial intelligent algorithm (Heartassist™) to automatically assess the quality of second trimester cardiac views: a prospective study
Authors: Pietrolucci Maria Elena , Maqina Pavjola , Mappa Ilenia , Marra Maria Chiara , D’ Antonio Francesco , Rizzo Giuseppe 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the agreement between visual and automatic methods in assessing the adequacy of fetal cardiac views obtained during second trimester ultrasonographic examination.

Methods
In a prospective observational study frames of the four-chamber view left and right outflow tracts, and three-vessel trachea view were obtained from 120 consecutive singleton low-risk women undergoing second trimester ultrasound at 19–23 weeks of gestation. For each frame, the quality assessment was performed by an expert sonographer and by an artificial intelligence software (Heartassist™). The Cohen’s κ coefficient was used to evaluate the agreement rates between both techniques.

Results
The number and percentage of images considered adequate visually by the expert or with Heartassist™ were similar with a percentage >87 % for all the cardiac views considered. The Cohen’s κ coefficient values were for the four-chamber view 0.827 (95 % CI 0.662–0.992), 0.814 (95 % CI 0.638–0.990) for left ventricle outflow tract, 0.838 (95 % CI 0.683–0.992) and three vessel trachea view 0.866 (95 % CI 0.717–0.999), indicating a good agreement between the two techniques.

Conclusions
Heartassist™ allows to obtain the automatic evaluation of fetal cardiac views, reached the same accuracy of expert visual assessment and has the potential to be applied in the evaluation of fetal heart during second trimester ultrasonographic screening of fetal anomalies.
How European Research Libraries Can Support Citizen-Enhanced Open Science
Authors: Kaarsted Thomas , Blake Oliver , Nielsen Kristian Hvidtfelt , Alving Berit , Rasmussen Lotte Thing , Overgaard Anne Kathrine , Hansen Sebrina Maj-Britt 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Citizen science is spreading and numerous centres, services, or “hubs” within the field are manifesting themselves at European universities. Research libraries can potentially play a central role in advancing citizen science and open science. Building on a scoping literature review, a survey with 125 respondents, and an in-depth follow-up survey of 29 research libraries as part of the Citizen-enhanced Open Science in Southeastern Europe Higher Education Knowledge Hubs (CeOS_SE) project, this article outlines the current state and potential of citizen-enhanced open science (CE-OS) among European research libraries and presents a series of strategic and operational reflections for the future. Overall, research libraries report a high degree of understanding of both open science and citizen science and their applicability for society and research, but only few report the presence of services or infrastructure. Also, approximately half of the libraries engage in, or experiment with, citizen science. Common barriers exist such as resources, funding, strategy, and lack of policy. From these data, we present a typology to better understand how research libraries currently engage with citizen science and the steps that have been taken in this field. However, the overarching conclusion is that CE-OS with regards to European research libraries is contextual. There is no one size fits all.
Recent developments in sago starch thermoplastic bio-composites
Authors: Silviana S. , Dalanta Febio 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The thermoplastic-based starch has been increasingly demanding in recent years due to its high potential to substitute conventional plastic usage. Sago has been recognized as one of the sources of starch with a large abundance. This chapter mainly emphasized the modification of sago starch using different additives for biodegradable plastic. The other starch modifications are also discussed, including the effect of epoxidized waste cooking oil (EWCO) addition as a plasticizer, lime juice’s citric acid as a crosslinker on the physical and chemical characteristics of the modified starch composites. The results mainly showed the advantages of reinforcing sago starch with plasticizers, nanoparticles, nanocellulose, fibers, and cross-linking agents, such as increasing the mechanical strength, higher thermal stability, and higher biodegradability. Therefore, the thermoplastic films from sago starch provide a promising potential to be further developed for practical applications.
The syntax of wh-phrases, narrow foci, and neg-words in Georgian
Authors: Borise Lena 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper demonstrates that narrow foci and wh-phrases, even in a language where they have (nearly-)identical surface distributions, do not have the same syntax – and, as such, are not a uniform category. Specifically, it shows that foci and wh-phrases in Georgian appear immediately preverbally but are derived differently. The evidence comes from standard syntactic tests and language-specific ones: I show that, in Georgian, neg-words can serve as a tool for determining the structural positions of other constituents, and foci and wh-phrases have different distributional properties with respect to neg-words. Based on this, I demonstrate that wh-phrases in Georgian undergo A-bar movement to the specifier of a dedicated projection, accompanied by verb raising. Preverbal foci remain in situ, while the material intervening between the narrow focus and the verb undergoes displacement. This demonstrates that what looks like unified preverbal placement of foci and wh-phrases corresponds to the outcomes of two independent syntactic processes. Additional support for this approach is provided by the analysis of the distribution of postverbal foci, also allowed in Georgian. The Georgian facts, I argue, support the hypothesis that syntactic/semantic notions (e.g., [+Q]) are encoded as syntactic features that drive movement. On the other hand, purely information-structural notions (e.g., semantically non-exhaustive focus) are not encoded syntactically, and, as such, cannot trigger syntactic movement – but can impose their own syntax-prosody mapping requirements onto the syntactic structure.