bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A strategy for 2D MXenes as thermal management materials by laser shock nanoshaping
Authors: Branco Danilo de Camargo , Cheng Gary J 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The two-dimensional (2D) titanium carbides (

T

i

n
+
1

C

n

) belong to the MXene family, with carbon and titanium alternating in a flake structure, and are emerging options for nanoelectronics applications. In this study, the feasibility of nanoshaping of 2D titanium carbides for tunable thermal management materials was investigated. 2D titanium carbides demonstrate high degrees of formability on nanoscale and efficiency as thermal management systems in nanoelectronics components. The thermal conductivity of various MXene 2D flakes was studied using molecular dynamics simulations. A robust thermal management behavior has been predicted for 2D MXenes after nanoshaping on various nanomold patterns, which will facilitate the development of MXene-based metamaterials for thermal management in electric nanocomponents. The size dependence analysis shows that the MXenes thermal conductivity is highly influenced by the flake size leading to a variation in experimental values due to scale factors. Our model showed that Ti2C is more sensible to strain at both supported and suspended conditions, while the thicker MXenes are not too influenced by strain. When supported, the thermal conductivities of all simulated MXenes considerably decrease due to Z phonon modes suppression. Bending strain also showed an effect in the MXenes thermal conductivity by scattering phonon modes. This makes MXenes an attractive option for the management of thermal fields.
Ancillary Procedures to Facelift Surgery: What has Changed?
Authors: Stein Michael J , Aston Sherrell J 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

The facelift remains the gold standard for rejuvenating the aging face. Many surgical techniques exist in the surgeon's armamentarium that vary based on scar burden, extent of skin undermining, and manipulation of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system. Yet, existing strategies predominantly address the mobile face and have limited effect on fixed zones such as perioral, periorbita, and forehead. Multiple ancillary techniques have therefore been developed to address this therapeutic gap in facial rejuvenation. The most popular techniques today include dermabrasion, lasers, chemical peels, and radiofrequency devices. All have demonstrable safety and efficacy and are chosen based on the patient's unique anatomical presentation, comfort level, and tolerability of recovery time. Surgeons are ideally equipped with the tools and skills to offer all modalities and then tailor their treatment to the specific patient's anatomy. Herein, we review the most effective ancillary procedures of the facelift and describe an evolution of their use in our practice.

Level of Evidence: 5
Seedability: optimizing alignment parameters for sensitive sequence comparison
Authors: Ayad Lorraine A K , Chikhi Rayan , Pissis Solon P 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Most sequence alignment techniques make use of exact k-mer hits, called seeds, as anchors to optimize alignment speed. A large number of bioinformatics tools employing seed-based alignment techniques, such as Minimap2, use a single value of k per sequencing technology, without a strong guarantee that this is the best possible value. Given the ubiquity of sequence alignment, identifying values of k that lead to more sensitive alignments is thus an important task. To aid this, we present Seedability, a seed-based alignment framework designed for estimating an optimal seed k-mer length (as well as a minimal number of shared seeds) based on a given alignment identity threshold. In particular, we were motivated to make Minimap2 more sensitive in the pairwise alignment of short sequences.

Results
The experimental results herein show improved alignments of short and divergent sequences when using the parameter values determined by Seedability in comparison to the default values of Minimap2. We also show several cases of pairs of real divergent sequences, where the default parameter values of Minimap2 yield no output alignments, but the values output by Seedability produce plausible alignments.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/lorrainea/Seedability (distributed under GPL v3.0).
Polymicrogyria: epidemiology, imaging, and clinical aspects in a population-based cohort
Authors: Kolbjer Sintia , Martín Muñoz Daniel A , Örtqvist Anne K , Pettersson Maria , Hammarsjö Anna , Anderlid Britt-Marie , Dahlin Maria 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Polymicrogyria is estimated to be one of the most common brain malformations, accounting for ∼16% of malformations of cortical development. However, the prevalence and incidence of polymicrogyria is unknown. Our aim was to estimate the prevalence, incidence rate, neuroimaging diversity, aetiology, and clinical phenotype of polymicrogyria in a population-based paediatric cohort. We performed a systematic search of MRI scans at neuroradiology department databases in Stockholm using the keyword polymicrogyria. The study population included all children living in the Stockholm region born from January 2004 to June 2021 with polymicrogyria. Information on the number of children living in the region during 2004–21 was collected from records from Statistics Sweden, whereas the number of births for each year during the study period was collected from the Swedish Medical Birth Register. All MRI scans were re-evaluated, and malformations were classified by a senior paediatric neuroradiologist. The prevalence and yearly incidence were estimated. Clinical data were collected from medical records. A total of 109 patients with polymicrogyria were included in the study. The overall polymicrogyria prevalence in Stockholm was 2.3 per 10 000 children, and the overall estimated yearly incidence between 2004 and 2020 was 1.9 per 10 000 person-years. The most common polymicrogyria distribution was in the frontal lobe (71%), followed by the parietal lobe (37%). Polymicrogyria in the peri-sylvian region was observed in 53%. Genetic testing was performed in 90 patients revealing pathogenic variants in 32%. Additionally, 12% had variants of uncertain significance. Five patients had a confirmed congenital infection, and in six individuals, the cause of polymicrogyria was assumed to be vascular. Epilepsy was diagnosed in 54%. Seizure onset during the first year of life was observed in 44%. The most common seizure types were focal seizures with impaired awareness, followed by epileptic spasms. Thirty-three of 59 patients with epilepsy (56%) were treated with more than two anti-seizure medications, indicating that pharmacoresistant epilepsy is common in polymicrogyria patients. Neurodevelopmental symptoms were observed in 94% of the individuals. This is the first population-based study on polymicrogyria prevalence and incidence. Confirmed genetic aetiology was present in one-third of individuals with polymicrogyria. Epilepsy was common in this patient group, and the majority had pharmacoresistant epilepsy. These findings increase our knowledge about polymicrogyria and will help in counselling patients and their families.
Pregnancy Outcomes in Women Screened for Tuberculosis Infection in Swedish Antenatal Care
Authors: Walles John , Winqvist Niclas , Hansson Stefan R , Sturegård Erik , Baqir Haitham , Westman Anna , Kjerstadius Torbjörn , Schön Thomas , Björkman Per 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Tuberculosis (TB) disease has been associated with pregnancy complications. However, the potential impact of TB infection (TBI) on pregnancy outcome is unknown. To investigate this, we conducted a register-based study in immigrant women screened with QuantiFERON assays for TBI in antenatal care in Sweden.

Methods
Women with history of immigration from TB-endemic countries were eligible for inclusion if national identification numbers and available QuantiFERON results obtained during pregnancy from 2014 to 2018 were available. QuantiFERON results were linked to data on maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes from the national Pregnancy and Patient Registers. TBI was defined as nil-corrected QuantiFERON result ≥0.35 IU/mL, in the absence of TB disease. Pregnancies in women with TB disease or human immunodeficiency virus were excluded, as were multiplex pregnancies, pregnancies resulting in miscarriage, and pregnancies occurring &gt;10 years after immigration. Odds of defined adverse pregnancy outcomes were compared by maternal TBI status using mixed effects logistic regression with adjustment for maternal age and region of origin.

Results
In total, 7408 women with 12 443 pregnancies were included. In multivariable analysis, stillbirth (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13–3.21; P = .016), severe preeclampsia (AOR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.03–2.56; P = .036), low birthweight (&lt;2500 g; AOR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.01–1.88; P = .041), and emergency cesarean section (AOR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.02–1.63; P = .033) were significantly associated with TBI.

Conclusions
Among immigrant women seeking antenatal care in Sweden, TBI was independently associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Further studies are needed to corroborate these findings and to explore mechanisms involved.
Biotechnological potential of microbial bio-surfactants, their significance, and diverse applications
Authors: Kumari Renuka , Singha Lairenjam Paikhomba , Shukla Pratyoosh 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Globally, there is a huge demand for chemically available surfactants in many industries, irrespective of their detrimental impact on the environment. Naturally occurring green sustainable substances have been proven to be the best alternative for reducing reliance on chemical surfactants and promoting long-lasting sustainable development. The most frequently utilized green active biosurfactants, which are made by bacteria, yeast, and fungi, are discussed in this review. These biosurfactants are commonly originated from contaminated sites, the marine ecosystem, and the natural environment, and it holds great potential for environmental sustainability. In this review, we described the importance of biosurfactants for the environment, including their biodegradability, low toxicity, environmental compatibility, and stability at a wide pH range. In this review, we have also described the various techniques that have been utilized to characterize and screen the generation of microbial biosurfactants. Also, we reviewed the potential of biosurfactants and its emerging applications in the foods, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and agricultural industries. In addition, we also discussed the ways to overcome problems with expensive costs such as low-cost substrate media formulation, gravitational techniques, and solvent-free foam fractionation for extraction that could be employed during biosurfactant production on a larger scale.
An Observational Prospective Cohort Study of Vaccine Effectiveness Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection of an Aerosolized, Inhaled Adenovirus Type 5–Vectored Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Given as a Second Booster Dose in Guangzhou City, China
Authors: Wang Fu-Zhen , Zhang Chun-Huan , Tang Lin , Rodewald Lance E , Wang Wen , Liu Si-Yu , Wang Wen-Ji , Wu Dan , Liu Qian-Qian , Wang Xiao-Qi , Huang Li-Fang , Huang Ao-Di , Bao Li-Ming , Zhang Zhou-Bin , Yin Zun-Dong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Using a prospective, observational cohort study during the post–“dynamic COVID-zero” wave in China, we estimated short-term relative effectiveness against Omicron BA.5 infection of inhaled aerosolized adenovirus type 5–vectored ancestral strain coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine as a second booster dose approximately 1 year after homologous boosted primary series of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine compared with no second booster. Participants reported nucleic acid or antigen test results weekly until they tested positive or completed predesignated follow-up. After excluding participants infected &lt;14 days after study entry, relative effectiveness among the 6576 participants was 61% in 18- to 59-year-olds and 38% in ≥60-year-olds and was sustained for 12 weeks.
The Antietam Staff Walk at the Uniformed Services University: A Program Evaluation
Authors: Cole Rebekah , Van Shufflin Matthew W , Smith Dale C , Woodard Scott C 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The battle along Antietam Creek in September 1862 was pivotal in shaping future combat medical readiness practices. With the full confidence of his commander, Major (Dr) Jonathan Letterman implemented an innovative ambulance corps system, which contributed immensely to modern-day battlefield medicine. Each year, the Uniformed Services University (USU) holds the Antietam Staff Walk, during which military medical students are engaged by faculty at various “stops” along the 6-mile walk. The four learning objectives for the Antietam Staff Walk are to (1) introduce the role of the “staff ride,” (2) orient learners to reading terrain, (3) reinforce the six principles of health service support, and (4) recall the heritage of the military medical officer. The Department of Military and Emergency Medicine at USU commissioned a program evaluation to determine if these course objectives were being met, evaluate the effectiveness of the Antietam Staff Walk as a teaching tool, and make recommendations for improving its educational impact.

Materials and Methods
We engaged in qualitative program evaluation to evaluate the Antietam Staff Walk course objectives. Our research team analyzed 156 reflection papers written by second-year military medical students attending Antietam in August 2021. We coded each of the papers, noting important words and phrases that were salient to the students’ learning experiences at Antietam. Our research team then compiled each of these codes into a master list and then determined how to divide this list into major categories. We collectively defined each of these categories, which served as the resulting themes of this program evaluation.

Results
Three themes emerged: (1) creation of an ambulance corps allows for proximal battlefield medicine, (2) a lack of buddy aid inspires Tactical Casualty Combat Care, and (3) disease/nonbattle injury necessitates preventative medicine. The students foremost gained an appreciation for the impact of the ambulance corps and recognized that the ambulance corps not only impacted medical care, but also the mission as a whole. However, may not have completely understood the long, slow evolution of battlefield care and may have overestimated the knowledge of physicians practicing mid-19th century medicine. We provided recommendations for addressing these learning opportunities during future Antietam Staff Walks at USU.

Conclusions
Our review of the Antietam Staff Ride resulted in several curricular recommendations for enhancing its learning impact. Our program evaluation serves as a model for line units and other military organizations to optimize the impact of the historical staff ride as a teaching tool.
Presurgical sleep and pain behaviors predict insomnia symptoms and pain after total knee arthroplasty: a 12-month longitudinal, observational study
Authors: Owens Michael A , Mun Chung Jung , Hamilton Katrina R , Hughes Abbey , Campbell Claudia M , Edwards Robert R , Smith Michael T 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective
Up to 40% of individuals who undergo total knee arthroplasty (TKA) experience some degree of pain following surgery. Presurgical insomnia has been identified as a predictor of postsurgical pain; however, modifiable presurgical behaviors related to insomnia have received minimal attention. The objective of the present study was to develop a 2-item sleep and pain behavior scale (SP2) to investigate a maladaptive sleep and pain behavior and is a secondary analysis of a larger, parent study.

Methods
Patients (N = 109) completed SP2 at baseline and 12 months and questionnaires assessing sleep and pain at baseline (pre-TKA), 6 weeks, 3, 6, and 12 months post-TKA. SP2 demonstrated adequate preliminary psychometric properties.

Results
As hypothesized, even after controlling for baseline insomnia, pain, anxiety and other covariates, baseline SP2 predicted insomnia symptom severity at 6 weeks (β = 2.828), 3 (β = 2.140), 6 (β = 2.962), and 12 months (β = 1.835) and pain at 6 weeks (β = 6.722), 3 (β = 5.536), and 6 months (β = 7.677) post-TKA (P &lt; .05). Insomnia symptoms at 6-weeks post-TKA mediated the effect of presurgical SP2 on pain at 3 (95% CI: 0.024–7.054), 6 (95%CI: 0.495–5.243), and 12 months (95% CI: 0.077–2.684).

Conclusions
This provides preliminary evidence that patients who cope with pain by retiring to their bed and bedroom have higher rates of post-surgical insomnia and pain and supports efforts to target this maladaptive sleep and pain behavior to reduce postsurgical pain.
Hippocampal Glutamate, Resting Perfusion and the Effects of Cannabidiol in Psychosis Risk
Authors: Davies Cathy , Bossong Matthijs G , Martins Daniel , Wilson Robin , Appiah-Kusi Elizabeth , Blest-Hopley Grace , Allen Paul , Zelaya Fernando , Lythgoe David J , Brammer Michael , Perez Jesus , McGuire Philip , Bhattacharyya Sagnik 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Preclinical and human data suggest that psychosis onset involves hippocampal glutamatergic dysfunction, driving hyperactivity and hyperperfusion in a hippocampal-midbrain-striatal circuit. Whether glutamatergic dysfunction is related to cerebral perfusion in patients at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis, and whether cannabidiol (CBD) has ameliorative effects on glutamate or its relationship with perfusion remains unknown.

Methods
Using a double-blind, parallel-group design, 33 CHR patients were randomized to a single 600 mg dose of CBD or placebo; 19 healthy controls did not receive any drug. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to measure glutamate concentrations in left hippocampus. We examined differences relating to CHR status (controls vs placebo), effects of CBD (placebo vs CBD), and linear between-group effects, such that placebo&gt;CBD&gt;controls or controls&gt;CBD&gt;placebo. We also examined group × glutamate × cerebral perfusion (measured using Arterial Spin Labeling) interactions.

Results
Compared to controls, CHR-placebo patients had significantly lower hippocampal glutamate (P =.015) and a significant linear relationship was observed across groups, such that glutamate was highest in controls, lowest in CHR-placebo, and intermediate in CHR-CBD (P =.031). Moreover, there was a significant interaction between group (controls vs CHR-placebo), hippocampal glutamate, and perfusion in the putamen and insula (PFWE =.012), with a strong positive correlation in CHR-placebo vs a negative correlation in controls.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that hippocampal glutamate is lower in CHR patients and may be partially normalized by a single dose of CBD. Furthermore, we provide the first in vivo evidence of an abnormal relationship between hippocampal glutamate and perfusion in the striatum and insula in CHR.
Genome Sequence Resource of the Head Blight Pathogens Fusarium asiaticum and F. graminearum Isolated from Cereal Crops and Gramineous Weeds in Korea and China
Authors: Jeong Eunji , Lim Jae Yun , Proctor Robert H. , Lee Yin-Won , Xu Jianhong , Shi Jianrong , Liu Xin , Seo Jeong-Ah 
Published: August 2023

Head blight is a serious fungal disease that results in yield loss and mycotoxin contamination in cereal crops worldwide. Head blight is primarily caused by members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC), which consists of at least 16 species, including Fusarium asiaticum and Fusarium graminearum. FGSC members produce trichothecene mycotoxins and can be divided into four groups (chemotypes) depending on the type of trichothecenes produced: NIV (production of nivalenol), 3ADON (production of 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol), 15ADON (production of 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol), and NX-2 (production of 3α-acetoxy, 7α, 15-dihydroxy-12, and 13-epoxytrichothe-9-ene). Whereas F. graminearum mainly causes head blight in wheat-producing areas, F. asiaticum is associated primarily with rice head blight in eastern Asia. To date, the NCBI database archives 116 assembled genome sequences of F. graminearum, but only four accessions correspond to F. asiaticum. Accessions for three F. graminearum strains (PH-1 = NRRL 31084, CS3005, and FG-12) are chromosome assemblies (i.e., include contigs/scaffolds consisting of full-length or nearly full-length chromosomes), but none of the F. asiaticum accessions is a chromosome assembly. This announcement reports the assembled genome sequences of nine F. asiaticum strains and seven F. graminearum strains isolated from rice, wheat, barley, and other gramineous plants in Korea and China. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Congenital Cytomegalovirus-Associated Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Children: Identification Following Universal Newborn Hearing Screening, Effect of Antiviral Treatment, and Long-Term Hearing Outcomes
Authors: Rohren Leigh , Shanley Ryan , Smith Madeline , Yue Monica , Huang Tina C. , Nelson Peggy , Hernandez-Alvarado Nelmary , Schleiss Mark R. , Gravel Kristin E. 
Published: August 2023

Objectives:
Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) is the most common cause of nongenetic sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in children. We examined the longitudinal hearing outcomes of children with cCMV in relation to their newborn hearing screening findings, and their use of antiviral therapy.

Design:
The study was based on a retrospective chart review using a database of pediatric patients (N = 445) seen at the University of Minnesota Lions clinic. Chart review identified infants with cCMV, and records were reviewed for information about universal newborn hearing screen (UNHS) results, the clinical course of SNHL, and the use of antiviral therapy.

Results:
A total of 44 children were identified with cCMV. In this group, 33 (75%) had SNHL of varying degree and age at onset. Notably, 17 (39%) children passed UNHS bilaterally. Of those children, 6 (35%) ultimately acquired bilateral or unilateral SNHL, detected at a mean age of 20 months (median age, 12 months). Five out of 10 children (50%) that did not pass UNHS in one ear acquired late-onset hearing loss in the contralateral ear, identified at a mean age of 24 months (median age, 4 months). Eleven (25%) children passed UNHS bilaterally and continued to demonstrate normal hearing in both ears at their most recent follow-up visit at a mean age of 19 months (SD, 18 months). Of the 33 children with cCMV and SNHL, 18 (55%) received antiviral medication (ganciclovir and/or valganciclovir). While, on average, both treated and untreated ears experienced a progression of hearing loss over time, the group that received antiviral treatment experienced less overall hearing change compared with the untreated group (baseline-adjusted expected mean difference, –10.5 dB; 95% confidence interval, –28.1 to 7.2 dB).

Conclusions:
Among children with cCMV included in this study who passed UNHS in both ears, 35% demonstrated delayed-onset SNHL. Notably, of those children who referred unilaterally, 50% later demonstrated SNHL in the contralateral ear. These findings have implications for audiological monitoring, and potentially antiviral therapy, of children with cCMV. As implementation of universal cCMV screening moves forward, a key aspect of follow-up will be appropriate long-term audiologic monitoring.