bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apparent diffusion coefficients of 31P metabolites in the human calf muscle at 7 T
Authors: Huang Zhiwei , Gambarota Giulio , Xiao Ying , Wenz Daniel , Xin Lijing 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
In this study, we aimed to measure the apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) of major phosphorous metabolites in the human calf muscle at 7 T with a diffusion-weighted (DW)-STEAM sequence.

Methods
A DW-STEAM sequence with bipolar gradients was implemented at 7 T, and DW MR spectra were acquired in three orthogonal directions in the human calf muscle of six healthy volunteers (TE/TM/TR = 15 ms/750 ms/5 s) at three b-values (0, 800, and 1200 s/mm2). Frequency and phase alignments were applied prior to spectral averaging. Averaged DW MR spectra were analyzed with LCModel, and ADCs of 31P metabolites were estimated.

Results
Four metabolites (phosphocreatine (PCr), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), inorganic phosphate (Pi) and glycerol phosphorylcholine (GPC)) were quantified at all b-values with mean CRLBs below 10%. The ADC values of PCr, ATP, Pi, and GPC were (0.24 ± 0.02, 0.15 ± 0.04, 0.43 ± 0.14, 0.40 ± 0.09) × 10–3 mm2/s, respectively.

Conclusion
The ADCs of four 31P metabolites were successfully measured in the human calf muscle at 7 T, among which those of ATP, Pi and GPC were reported for the first time in humans. This study paves the way to investigate 31P metabolite diffusion properties in health and disease on the clinical MR scanner.
Soil solution data from Bohemian headwater catchments record atmospheric metal deposition and legacy pollution
Authors: Petrash Daniel A. , Krám Pavel , Pérez-Rivera Katherine X. , Bůzek František , Čuřík Jan , Veselovský Frantisek , Novák Martin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSoil solution chemistry depends largely on mineralogy and organic matter properties of soil horizons with which they interact. Differing lithologies within a given catchment area can influence variability in soil cation exchange capacities and affect solute transport. Zero-tension and tension lysimeters were used to evaluate the fast transport of solutes in the topsoil vs. slow diffusional matrix flow at the subsoil of three contrasting lithology catchments in a mid-elevation mountain forest. Our aim was to test the feasibility of lysimeters’ hydrochemical data as a gauge for legacy subsoil pollution. Due to contrasting lithologies, atmospheric legacy pollution prevailing at the soil-regolith interface is differently yet consistently reflected by beryllium, lead, and chromium soil solution concentrations of the three catchments. Geochemical (dis)equilibrium between the soil and soil matrix water governed the hydrochemistry of the soil solutions at the time of collection, potentially contributing to decreased dissolved concentrations with increased depths at sites with higher soil pH. A complementary isotopic δ18O runoff generation model constrained potential seasonal responses and pointed to sufficiently long water-regolith interactions as to permit important seasonal contributions of groundwater enriched in chemical species to the topsoil levels. Our study also reflects subsoil equilibration with atmospheric solutes deposited at the topsoil and thus provides guidance for evaluating legacy pollution in soil profiles derived from contrasting lithology.
Preparation of zirconium oxide nanoparticles from rosette concentrate using two distinct and sequential techniques: hydrothermal and fusion digestion
Authors: El Agamy Hayat H. , Mubark Amal E. , Gamil Elham A. , Abdel-Fattah Nasr A. , Eliwa Ahmed A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe preparation of zirconium dioxide nanoparticles (ZrO2-NPs) as hard ceramics was accomplished from rosette zircon concentrate through two consecutive alkaline digestion reactions. The rosette zircon concentration in the Abu Khashaba area consists mainly of zircon and monazite minerals. Using different operating conditions, the hydrothermal digestion by autoclave and the conventional alkaline fusion methods was performed upon the non-magnetic concentrate of rosette in order to complete the removal of monazite firstly and to complete the purification of zircon metal secondly. All monazite content and undesirable impurities were removed by the hydrothermal method using optimal digestion conditions such as 4 mol/L NaOH solutions, 1/6 solid to liquid, 2 h dissolving time, and a temperature of 423 K. The residual zircon (84% Zr) was subjected to complete digestion using NaOH with a zircon-to-alkali ratio of 1/1.5 and a fusion temperature of 923 K. ZrO2-NPs were synthesized using the hydrothermal technique at 473 K for 7 h. The calcined ZrO2-NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scan electron microscope, and transmittance electron microscope. Purified silica was also obtained as a by-product from washing solutions of fused zircon.
Medical fitness to drive, emergency service vehicles and crash risk
Authors: Noonan Donna , Ryan Margaret , Whelan Declan , O’Neill Desmond 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Emergency service vehicle (ESV) drivers are an important part of the health, fire and police services. ESV driving is associated with increased crash risk, but little guidance exists in the literature on relevant medical conditions among drivers and their potential for adding to higher crash risks.

Aims
We undertook a narrative review to examine the role of medical and other conditions in crash risk of ESV drivers.

Method
A literature search was conducted using the ScienceDirect and Transport Research International Documentation (TRID) databases. There was no time frame for the search, and results were restricted to review and research articles.

Results
Of 570 papers identified, 13 remained after screening and full-text review. A range of factors have been shown to have an impact on increased crash risk, including the nature of the task, physical features of the equipment, training, experience, environmental conditions and secondary tasks. There was scant information on medical conditions other than alcohol use disorders.

Conclusions
Given issues of speed, vehicle and environment, it would seem prudent to mandate levels of medical fitness to drive similar to and sometimes exceeding (i.e. colour blindness for traffic signals and alerts, hearing impairment as first responders) those for group 2 drivers with extra stipulations relating to specific service needs such as enhanced visual (such as colour blindness and contrast sensitivity) and auditory function. Further research is needed on the prevalence and emergence of relevant medical conditions among ESV drivers, with due consideration of their application to the driving tasks in each service.
Grandparental Support and Maternal Postpartum Mental Health
Authors: Riem Madelon M.E. , Bakermans-Kranenburg Marian J. , Cima Maaike , van IJzendoorn Marinus H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSupport from grandparents plays a role in mothers’ perinatal mental health. However, previous research on maternal mental health has mainly focused on influences of partner support or general social support and neglected the roles of grandparents. In this narrative review and meta-analysis, the scientific evidence on the association between grandparental support and maternal perinatal mental health is reviewed. Searches in PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Scopus, and PsycINFO yielded 11 empirical studies on N = 3381 participants, reporting on 35 effect sizes. A multilevel approach to meta-analysis was applied to test the association between grandparental support and maternal mental health. The results showed a small, statistically significant association (r = .16; 95% CI: 0.09–0.25). A moderator test indicated that the association was stronger for studies reporting on support from the maternal grandmother in particular (r = .23; 95% CI: 0.06–0.29). Our findings suggest that involved grandparents, in particular mother’s own mother, constitute a protective factor for the development of maternal postpartum mental health problems. These findings have clear implications for interventions. Future studies should examine whether stimulating high-quality support from grandparents is a fruitful avenue for enhancing maternal postpartum mental health.
Defining a clinical prediction rule to diagnose bacterial gastroenteritis requiring empirical antibiotics in an emergency department setting: A retrospective review
Authors: Sajeed Shanaz Matthew , De Dios Michael P. , Dan Ong Wei Jun , Punyadasa Amila Clarence 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Gastroenteritis (GE) is a non-specific term for various pathologic states of the gastrointestinal tract. Infectious agents usually cause acute GE. At present, there are no robust decision-making rules that predict bacterial GE and dictate when to start antibiotics for patients suffering from acute GE to the emergency department (ED). We aim to define a clinical prediction rule to aid in the diagnosis of bacterial GE, requiring empirical antibiotics in adult patients presenting to the emergency department with acute GE.

Methods
A two-year retrospective case review was performed on all cases from July 2015 to June 2017 that included patients with acute GE symptoms referred to the ED, after which their stool cultures were performed. The clinical parameters analyzed included patient with comorbid conditions, physical examination findings, historical markers, point-of-care and radiographic tests and other laboratory work. We then used multi-variate logistic regression analysis on each group (bacterial culture–positive GE and bacterial culture–negative GE) to elucidate clinical criteria with the highest yield for predicting bacterial gastroenteritis (BGE).

Results
A total of 756 patients with a mean age of 52 years, 52% female and 48% male, respectively, were included in the study. On the basis of the data of these patients, we suggested using a scoring system to delineate the need for empirical antibiotics in patients with suspected bacterial GE based on six clinical and laboratory variables. We termed this the BGE score. A score 0 – 2 points suggests low risk (0.9%) of bacterial GE. A score of 3 – 4 points confers an intermediate risk of 12.0% and a score of 5 – 8 points confers a high risk of 85.7%. A cut-off of  ≥ 5 points may be used to predict culture-positive BGE with a 75% sensitivity and 75% specificity. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) for the scoring system (range 0 – 8) was 0.812 (95% CI: 0.780–0.843) p-value < 0.001.

Conclusion
We suggest using the BGE scoring system (cut-off ≥ 5 points) to delineate the need for empirical antibiotics in patients diagnosed with gastroenteritis. While this is a pilot study, which will require further validation with a larger sample size, our proposed decision-making rule will potentially serve to improve the diagnosis of BGE and thus reduce unnecessary prescription of antibiotics, which will in turn reduce antibiotic-associated adverse events and save on costs worldwide.
Genome-Wide Gene Expression Profiling Reveals the Direct Effect of Dienogest on Ovarian Endometriotic Stromal Cells
Authors: Honda Hiroshi , Nishimichi Norihisa , Kaneko Mayumi , Yamashita Michinori , Akimoto Yumiko , Tanimoto Hirotoshi , Teramoto Mitsue , Teramoto Hideki , Yokosaki Yasuyuki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEndometriosis affects up to 10% of women of reproductive age, causing dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, and infertility. The current key drug for endometriosis is dienogest, a progestin with high specificity for the progesterone receptor. To reveal the direct anti-endometriotic effect of dienogest on ovarian endometriotic cells, we investigated the genome-wide gene expression profiles of ovarian endometriotic stromal cells with (Dienogest group) or without dienogest treatment (Control group) and compared the groups’ gene expression profiles. We performed a gene ontology (GO) analysis and Ingenuity pathway analysis using these data. To validate the microarray data, we performed real-time RT-PCRs and immunohistochemistry for the differentially expressed genes between the two groups. Of 647 genes differentially expressed between the two groups, 314 genes were upregulated and 333 were downregulated in the Dienogest group versus the Control group. The GO analysis showed that the regulation of macrophage chemotaxis, the collagen catabolic process, and the proteoglycan biosynthetic process are the main biological processes closely associated with the differentially expressed genes. We identified 20 canonical pathways that were most significantly differentially expressed in the Dienogest group versus the Control group. We observed that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are the genes in these pathways that are most closely associated with dienogest treatment. Of components involved in the regulation of macrophage chemotaxis, colony-stimulating factor 1 and macrophage-stimulating 1 are potential upstream regulators of MMPs and were observed herein to be suppressed by dienogest. Our results suggest that dienogest may thus exert its anti-endometriotic effect by directly suppressing MMPs.
Differences in Training and Health Characteristics Between Trail Ultrarunners and Shorter Distance Runners
Authors: Armento Aubrey M. , VanBaak Karin D. , Seehusen Corrine N. , Howell David R. 
Published: February 2023

Introduction The primary aim of the study was to compare select training and health characteristics between ultramarathon and shorter distance runners participating in a trail race series. Methods A questionnaire was sent to all participants who signed up for a trail race series, including distances of 10 km, half marathon, 50 km, 80.5 km (50 mi), and 100 km. There were 59 participants (27 ultramarathoners and 32 half marathon/10-km runners) who completed the questionnaire. We compared the training and health characteristics between groups using t tests and Fisher exact tests. Results There were no significant differences in reported history of stress fracture (15% vs 9%; P=0.70) or sleep quality scores (4.4 vs 5.5; P=0.15) between the ultramarathon and half marathon/10-km groups. Over half of both groups reported trying to change body weight to improve performance, without significant differences between groups (65% vs 53%; P=0.42). A significantly greater proportion of the ultramarathoners reported an episode of binge eating in the 4 wk preceding the race (38% vs 3%; P=0.001). Conclusions Despite differences in training volume, we did not find different injury, sleep, and nutrition data between the ultramarathoners and half marathon/10-km runners, with the exception of more ultramarathoners reporting binging behaviors in the 4 wk leading up to the race. Screening for eating disorder behaviors should be considered in distance runners, particularly ultrarunners.
Motor Unit Number Index of the Upper Trapezius: A Meta-Analysis and Cross-sectional Study of Its Reliability
Authors: Abrahao Agessandro , Phung Liane , Fam David , Escorcio-Bezerra Marcio Luiz , Robinson Lawrence R. , Jones Kelvin E. , Zinman Lorne 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT:Motor unit number index of the upper trapezius (MUNIX-Trapezius) is a candidate biomarker for bulbar lower motor neuron function; however, reliability data is incomplete. To assess MUNIX-Trapezius reliability in controls, we conducted a systematic review, a cross-sectional study (n = 20), and a meta-analysis. We demonstrated a high inter- and intra-rater intraclass correlation (0.86 and 0.94, respectively), indicating that MUNIX-Trapezius is reliable with between-study variability moderated by age and MUNIX technique. With further validation, this measure can serve as a disease monitoring and response biomarker of bulbar function in the therapeutic development for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Diversity and inclusion: Multilevel recommendations
Authors: Carden Lila L. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This article contributes to the knowledge about diversity and inclusion by including a discussion of corporate social responsibility, communication strategies, social capital, and social identity. This article also includes archival data as use cases to demonstrate how two companies are implementing diversity and inclusion practices. I further discuss how the companies' current practices are aligned with human resource components including recruitment and selection; training and development; and compensation and rewards. I conclude by making recommendations to assist companies in building a culture of diversity and inclusion noting a multilevel approach including senior leaders, managers, and underrepresented groups.
Largest-known fossil penguin provides insight into the early evolution of sphenisciform body size and flipper anatomy
Authors: Ksepka Daniel T. , Field Daniel J. , Heath Tracy A. , Pett Walker , Thomas Daniel B. , Giovanardi Simone , Tennyson Alan J.D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRecent fossil discoveries from New Zealand have revealed a remarkably diverse assemblage of Paleocene stem group penguins. Here, we add to this growing record by describing nine new penguin specimens from the late Paleocene (upper Teurian local stage; 55.5–59.5 Ma) Moeraki Formation of the South Island, New Zealand. The largest specimen is assigned to a new species, Kumimanu fordycei n. sp., which may have been the largest penguin ever to have lived. Allometric regressions based on humerus length and humerus proximal width of extant penguins yield mean estimates of a live body mass in the range of 148.0 kg (95% CI: 132.5 kg–165.3 kg) and 159.7 kg (95% CI: 142.6 kg–178.8 kg), respectively, for Kumimanu fordycei. A second new species, Petradyptes stonehousei n. gen. n. sp., is represented by five specimens and was slightly larger than the extant emperor penguin Aptenodytes forsteri. Two small humeri represent an additional smaller unnamed penguin species. Parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses recover Kumimanu and Petradyptes crownward of the early Paleocene mainland NZ taxa Waimanu and Muriwaimanu, but stemward of the Chatham Island taxon Kupoupou. These analyses differ, however, in the placement of these two taxa relative to Sequiwaimanu, Crossvallia, and Kaiika. The massive size and placement of Kumimanu fordycei close to the root of the penguin tree provide additional support for a scenario in which penguins reached the upper limit of sphenisciform body size very early in their evolutionary history, while still retaining numerous plesiomorphic features of the flipper.UUID: https://zoobank.org/15b1d5b2-a5a0-4aa5-ba0a-8ef3b8461730
The hidden cochlear implant
Authors: Ergun O , Yildirim O , Bozyel I , Kaymak I , Gokcen D , Sennaroglu L 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe hidden cochlear implant concept has two data transmission methods: Bluetooth low energy and transtympanic optical data transfer systems. This study aimed to present the hidden cochlear implant and compare the test results with the existing fully implanted cochlear implant.MethodThe Bluetooth low energy module was implanted into the implant bed. For the transtympanic optical data transfer tests, a receiver was passed through the posterior tympanotomy, and the transmitter was placed in the ear canal.ResultsThe Bluetooth low energy module range was 5.2–17.5 m. Transtympanic optical data transfer reached a rate of 1 Mbit/s and had 99.22 per cent accuracy. Despite various obstacles, the accuracy of the transtympanic optical data transfer was more than 99 per cent with a 250 Kbit/s rate. The average power consumption was 310 mW for the implanted Bluetooth low energy module and 41 mW for the transtympanic optical data transfer receiver.ConclusionBluetooth low energy is suitable to be used transcutaneously. Transtympanic optical data transfer is an effective and promising technology. Hidden use cochlear implants aim to have the aesthetics of a fully implantable cochlear implant with higher reliability and a magnet-free design with smart device integration.
Heidegger’s heritage: The temporal politics of authenticity, then and now
Authors: Hom Andrew R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFor a discipline as philosophically and temporally sensitive as International Relations, it is curious that Martin Heidegger, widely considered the most important philosopher of the twentieth century, has only recently begun to receive disciplinary attention. It is also noteworthy that as IR begins to grapple with right-wing extremism, it has not addressed Heidegger’s fascist politics. Conducting a close reading of his account of existence in time, this article argues that from his magnum opus to his final diaries, Heidegger prefigured many existentialist discussions, but his particular conceptualisations of time, temporality, and authentic Being lent political life a dangerous edge. Scrutinising both the conceptual and practical consequences of Heidegger’s thought, this article traces key tensions in his claims that, to realise true Selfhood, we must overcome social time on the road to death. This antagonism encourages overly individuated and aggressive habits of thought and action that reject the possibilities of co-existence. We can see this in how Heidegger’s obsession with authenticity over time pushed him deeper into Nazism, and in the ways that his existential vernacular resounds through today’s right-wing renaissance. Juxtaposing authenticity, then and now, helps draw out the distinctively temporal dynamics of Heidegger’s existentialism as well as the existential politics of our time.
Synchronicity of viral shedding in molossid bat maternity colonies
Authors: Hoarau Axel O. G. , Köster Marie , Dietrich Muriel , Le Minter Gildas , Joffrin Léa , Ramanantsalama Riana V. , Mavingui Patrick , Lebarbenchon Camille 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Infection dynamics in vertebrates are driven by biological and ecological processes. For bats, population structure and reproductive cycles have major effects on RNA virus transmission. On Reunion Island, previous studies have shown that parturition of pregnant females and aggregation of juvenile Reunion free-tailed bats (Mormopterus francoismoutoui) are associated with major increase in the prevalence of bats shedding RNA viruses. The synchronicity of such shedding pulses, however, is yet to be assessed between viruses but also maternity colonies. Based on 3422 fresh faeces collected every 2–5 weeks during four consecutive birthing seasons, we report the prevalence of bats shedding astroviruses (AstVs), coronaviruses (CoVs) and paramyxoviruses (PMVs) in two maternity colonies on Reunion Island. We found that the proportion of bats shedding viruses is highly influenced by sampling collection periods, and therefore by the evolution of the population age structure. We highlight that virus shedding patterns are consistent among years and colonies for CoVs and to a lesser extent for PMVs, but not for AstVs. We also report that 1% of bats harbour co-infections, with two but not three of the viruses, and most co-infections were due to CoVs and PMVs.