bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining Disparities in Cervical Cancer Screening with Pap Test by Types of Disability
Authors: Orji Amarachukwu F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Prior research has found that poor receipt of cervical cancer screening is more prevalent among women with disabilities. However, there is a research gap regarding receipt of cervical cancer screening by types of disability. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in the receipt of cervical cancer screening through self-reported Pap testing among women by types of disability.
Methods
This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the 2016, 2018 and 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor and Surveillance System (BRFSS) to estimate the prevalence of Pap testing by disability type among women ages 21-65 years of age. Modified Poisson regression with robust error variance was conducted to examine difference in Pap testing among women by disability type. Disability was defined as having any difficulty with vision, hearing, cognitive, mobility, self-care, or independent living. Multivariate analyses adjusted for risk factors associated with cervical cancer screening.
Results
A total of 307,142 women from across the U.S. were sampled. Women with multiple disabilities (aRR=0.91; 95% CI, 0.89 - 0.94) and women with ambulatory disability (aRR=0.94; 95% CI, 0.91 - 0.97) reported being less likely to receive Pap test than women with no disability. In every disability group, older women were significantly less likely to receive Pap test than their counterparts without disabilities.
Conclusion
Ambulatory disability and multiple disabilities are associated with a lower likelihood of screening with Pap test, raising the increased need to eliminate disability-specific disparities in Pap testing.
Gingivitis diagnoses using 2017 classification versus pre-2017 criteria: a retrospective study using electronic dental record data
Authors: Patel Jay S. , Shin Daniel , Willis Lisa , Zai Ahad , Kumar Krishna , Thyvalikakath Thankam P. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The major significance of the 2017 gingivitis classification criteria is utilizing a simple, objective, and reliable clinical sign, bleeding on probing score (BOP%), to diagnose gingivitis. However, studies report variations in gingivitis diagnosis with the potential to under- or over-estimating disease incidents. This study determined the agreement between gingivitis diagnoses generated using the 2017 gingivitis criteria (BOP%) versus diagnoses made using BOP% and other gingival visual assessments. We conducted a retrospective study of 28,908 patients’ dental records (EDR) between January-2009 and December-2014, at the Indiana University School of Dentistry. We developed computational and NLP approaches to automatically diagnose gingivitis cases from BOP% using the 2017 classification and diagnoses recorded in clinical notes determined through BOP% and visual assessments. Subsequently, we determined the agreement between BOP%-generated diagnoses and clinician-recorded diagnoses. A thirty-four percent agreement was present between BOP%-generated diagnoses and clinician-recorded diagnoses for disease status (no gingivitis/gingivitis) and a 9% agreement for the disease extent (localized/generalized gingivitis). The automated programs and NLP performed excellently with 99.5% and 98% f-1 measures, respectively. Sixty-six percent of patients diagnosed with gingivitis were reclassified as having healthy gingiva based on the 2017 new diagnostic classification. The results indicate potential challenges with clinicians adopting the new diagnostic criterion as they transition to using the BOP% alone and not considering the visual signs of inflammation. Periodic training and calibration could facilitate clinicians’ and researchers’ adoption of the new diagnostic system. The informatics approaches developed could be utilized to automate diagnostic findings from EDR charting and clinical notes.
The molecular portrait of triple-negative breast cancer: the LAG3 gene single nucleotide polymorphism rs2365094 has no impact on the clinical picture
Authors: Boguszewska-Byczkiewicz Katarzyna , Wow Thomas , Szymańska Bożena , Kosny Michał , Kolacinska-Wow Agnieszka 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by a lack of estrogen, progesterone and human epidermal growth factor receptors. It is the one of most heterogeneous and highly-aggressive breast cancers, resulting in fast progression. In humans, the LAG3 gene is located on chromosome 12p13 and encodes an immune-regulatory molecule. LAG3 gene polymorphisms may influence the clinicopathological picture.
Aim: The aim of the study was to perform a molecular analysis of LAG3 gene polymorphisms
Method: The presence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at rs2365094 was determined in 30 TNBC patients and 30 healthy controls using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and commercially-available TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assays. SNP status was the compared with clinical outcome.
Result: The allelic alterations in LAG3 gene SNP in rs2365094 appear to have no influence on the clinicopathological picture among TNBC patients. The carriage rate for a single allele did not differ significantly between patients and controls.
Conclusion: No significant relationship was observed between rs2365094 SNP status and clinicopathological determinants. However, one aim of this work was to identify biomarkers that may serve as criteria for drug combination regimens. When used in combination with other genetic biomarkers, LAG3 gene SNP may be used for risk stratification of patients with TNBC.
Limit theorems of occupation times of high-dimensional normalized binary contact path processes
Authors: Xue Xiaofeng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The binary contact path process (BCPP) introduced in Griffeath (1983) describes the spread of an epidemic on a graph and is an auxiliary model in the study of improving upper bounds of the critical value of the contact process. In this paper, we are concerned with limit theorems of the occupation time of a normalized version of the BCPP (NBCPP) on a lattice. We first show that the law of large numbers of the occupation time process is driven by the identity function when the dimension of the lattice is at least $3$ and the infection rate of the model is sufficiently large conditioned on the initial state of the NBCPP being distributed with a particular invariant distribution. Then we show that the centred occupation time process of the NBCPP converges in finite dimensional distributions to a Brownian motion when the dimension of the lattice and the infection rate of the model are sufficiently large and the initial state of the NBCPP is distributed with the same invariant distribution as that in the law of large numbers.
Dynamic spiral updating whale optimization algorithm for solving optimal power flow problem
Authors: Wang Fengxian , Feng Shaozhi , Pan Youmei , Zhang Huanlong , Bi Senlin , Zhang Jiaxiang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In order to solve the problems of the traditional whale optimization algorithm, such as slow convergence speed, low optimization precision and easy to fall into the local optimal solution, an improved algorithm combining elite disturbance opposition-based learning and dynamic spiral updating (OWOA) was proposed. Firstly, the whale population is initialized by opposition-based learning strategies to ensure the diversity of the population, and then elite whales are multiple chaos disturbed to avoid falling into local optimal solution; Secondly, the algorithm uses a dynamic spiral updating strategy, and dynamically adjusts the spiral shape with the iteration times, thus improving the optimization accuracy of the algorithm. Finally, using 12 classic reference functions, CEC2014 test set and CEC2017 test set to evaluate the effectiveness of OWOA. In addition, optimum power flow(OPF) is employed for estimating the efficacy of the OWOA in practical applications. The experimental results show that:compared with other algorithms, the algorithm in this paper has higher convergence speed and accuracy in unimodal function, multi-peak function and multi-dimensional function, and which is more competitive in providing optimal solutions for optimization problems.
Morphology of the abdominal sternal stridulitrum and tibial plectrum in Pachycorinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Scutelleridae)
Authors: Paim Marcelo Reginato , Eger Joseph , Barcellos Aline , Grazia Jocélia 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The presence of the stridulatory structures has been empirically used as a diagnostic character for Pachycorinae, but it is also present in Hoteinae and two genera of Odontotarsinae. The stridulitrum is present mostly on sternites V-VI in Scutelleridae, associated with a plectrum on the hind tibiae. These structures have been recently analyzed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM), however only nine of the twenty-seven Pachycorinae genera were examined, moreover, the tibial plectra were not examined. In this work, we investigated the stridulatory device of 26 genera of Pachycorinae. The morphology of these structures was examined and described under light stereomicroscope and SEM. We report two patterns of stridulitrum: (1) smooth carinae, found in 24 genera; (2) coarse carinae, composed of many small teeth similar in size, found in three genera. Two main patterns were found regarding the tibial plectra: (1) rounded tubercles that were conspicuous in three genera and inconspicuous in 23 genera; (2) flat tubercles found in two genera. Our results demonstrate that the stridulatory devices have taxonomic significance within Pachycorinae and should be considered in further studies.
Improved multi target tracking crossing paths in MIMO FMCW 8x16 radar system using a new hybrid AMC-JPDAF algorithm
Authors: Zarai Khaireddine , Abdallah Ibrahim Ben , Cherif Adnan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper addresses the multi-target tracking problem in a multiple-input multiple-output radar system. Different tracking sensor measurements often encounter complex data as well correlation problems. Our goal is to solve this dilemma, which appears to be a new technical challenge; fix object-tracking scenarios while avoiding divergence. Once the cross-path phenomenon occurs, the target measurement assignment process in MIMO radar systems becomes more complicated. Therefore, this interference phenomenon can disturb the received signal and miss the state estimation process. To avoid all the mentioned problems, we have improved a new hybrid algorithm based on the particle filter; Adaptive Monte Carlo has been used in conjunction with the Joint Probabilistic Data Association Filter to substitute the classical extended KALMAN filter combined with JPDAF known as EKF-JPDAF. Experimental results of our MIMO-FMCW radar system with AMC-JPDAF converge to a more accurate state estimate while avoiding divergence. Using MATLAB software development framework, the designed system meets the goals originally set by AMC-JPDAF by referring to the experimental database obtained from the MIMO-FMCW 8x16 radar system.
Potential contribution of Sulla spinosissima (L.) and Sulla pallida (Desf.) as a forage crop for arid pastures rehabilitation
Authors:   Anass EL YEMLAHI1*,   Abdelhay ARAKRAK1,   Amin LAGLAOUI1,   Mohammed AYADI2,   Mohammed BAKKALI1
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Mediterranean climate is reported to harbor a wide range of forage legume species. However, little information is available on the potential use of these forages as fodder. We, therefore, conducted a study to evaluate the chemical composition, mineral content, and in vitro dry and organic matter digestibility of two forage legume species from arid pastures located in the Northeast of Morocco: Sulla spinosissima subsp. capitata and Sulla pallida Desf. To our knowledge, this is the first report about the nutritive value of these two species. Our results showed a wide variation between selected Sulla species; the phenological stage had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on most evaluated chemical traits and digestibility parameters. Comparatively, Sulla spinosissima L. had higher organic matter digestibility (72.43%OM) at the vegetative stage in correlation with lower acid detergent fiber (ADF) (24.23%DM), lower condensed tannin, (CT) (0.27%DM), and higher crude protein (24.01%DM). Conversely, Sulla pallida Desf. plants with a considerable amount of ADF (40.34%DM) and CT (4.50 %DM) had lower organic matter digestibility (56.09%OM). Both species are mineral-rich and contain satisfactory mean (gram per Kilogram Dry Matter) levels of calcium: 23.25 in Sulla spinosissima L. and 13.75 in Sulla pallida Desf.; phosphorus 1.01 in Sulla spinosissima L. and 1.53 in Sulla pallida Desf. The results of the present study suggest the suitability of both Sulla species for domestication to enhance pasture productivity and to ensure animal nutrition of small ruminants in arid pastures of Mediterranean area.
Hydrogeochemistry, solute source identification, and health risk assessment of groundwater of cancer-prone region in India
Authors: Singh Kaptan , Singh Rajesh , Pandey Govind 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The Bathinda district of Punjab, India has been reported with the highest per capita number of cancer patients. Groundwater is the major source of drinking and irrigation in the district. The hydrogeochemical analysis indicated Na-HCO3 and Na-SO4/Cl type water in the district, and rock-water interaction and irrigation return flow influenced the major cations. Only 10% of samples were in the very poor category for drinking purposes, which increased to 95% in the post-monsoon period due to elevated U, As, Ni, F and NO3 concentrations. Further, the average cumulative risk posed by the contaminants in the drinking water was &gt;1 for almost all the samples indicating a higher risk of non-cancerous health issues. The average carcinogenic risk to males, females, and children due to ingestion of groundwater laden with As, Ni, Cr, and Pb was 1643 × 10−6, 1415 × 10−6, and 3066 × 10−6 during pre-monsoon and 2091 × 10−6, 1802 × 10−6, and 3904 × 10−6 during post-monsoon period respectively. The principal component analysis (PCA) indicated NO3 of anthropogenic origin and other contaminants of geogenic origin, and nitrate further influences the mobilization of U. Removal of U, As, Ni, F, and NO3 from the groundwater samples will help in changing the status of 100% and 85% of groundwater samples to the low-risk category for pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods respectively.
Variation of heat flux and its effect on the reproduction of four major Chinese carp
Authors: Guo Wenxian , Chen Wenxiong , He Ning , Wang Hongxiang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRiver heat flux (HF) regime has been significantly affected by anthropogenic activities and climate variation, and it is of great significance to deeply explore intrinsic driving mechanisms and ecological effects. This study uses the middle reaches of the Yangtze River as its research area and, by constructing the wavelet model and the IHA-RVA model, quantifies the evolution mechanism and internal law of ‘flow- water temperature (WT) – HF’ over the past four decades and investigates the effects of Three Gorges Dam on the ecological reproduction of ‘four major Chinese carp’. The results show that, (1) flow and WT have three change cycle scales; the overall hydrologic variations of flow and WT were 64% and 62%, respectively, close to high variation. (2) The overall HF shows a decreasing trend from 1983 to 2019, with significant changes in HF in spring and winter regulated by the Three Gorges Reservoir; the basin flow-WT-HF relationships exhibit a hysteretic pattern, with the maximum WT occurring one month after the peak HF and flow. (3) The ‘four major Chinese carp’ natural breeding season is closely related to the time when the WT reaches 18 °C; HF is a vital habitat factor that influences fish spawning and reproduction.
Microbial and phage communities as well as their interaction in PO saponification wastewater treatment systems
Authors: Fan Xiangyu , Ji Mengzhi , Sun Kaili , Li Qiang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Viruses or phages were considered affecting microbial community composition, metabolic process, and biogeochemical cycles. However, phage communities and their potential associations with microbial community are not well understood in the activated sludge (AS) of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In this study, we explored the interactions between phages and microbial community by using propylene oxide (PO) saponification WWTPs as an example. Bacterial, eukaryal and archaeal communities were investigated and 34 phage contigs (&gt;10 kb) were recovered from PO saponification WWTPs. At least 3 complete phage genomes were assembled. In all 34 phages, 21 of them have been predicted to their host. The association network analysis showed that abundant phages were associated with abundant microorganisms. This result conformed to Kill-the-Winner model. Notably, 45 auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) were identified from phage genomes (including small contig fragments). They influenced bacterial metabolism through facilitating phages replication and avoiding host death. Collectively, our results suggested that phage community affect microbial community and metabolic pathways by killing their hosts and AMGs transfer in AS of PO saponification WWTPs.
Medicinal Chemistry and Target Identification of Synthetic Clinical and
Advanced Preclinical Antimalarial Candidates (2000 - 2022)
Authors: Cheuka Peter Mubanga , Mambwe Dickson , Mayoka Godfrey 
Published: December 2022

Background:
The downward trend in malaria cases and deaths is steadily reversed - 627,000 deaths in 2020 compared to 405,000 deaths in 2018. Drug resistance has compromised the effectiveness of currently available treatment options, with some reports documenting molecular markers of resistance to artemisinins in African countries in addition to the Greater Mekong subre-gion, which was initially associated with this kind of resistance. Therefore, the development of nov-el drugs is crucial to replenishing the antimalarial drug arsenal toward malaria eradication. In this review, we summarize the progress made in antimalarial drug discovery in the period 2000 - 2022, focusing on drug candidates which have made it to advanced preclinical trials (drugs tested in ro-dent species and at least one higher species such as dog or monkey) and beyond.

Method:
We searched Google Scholar and selected studies meeting these defined criteria. We highlight the medicinal chemistry optimization of these compounds; the preclinical/clinical evalua-tion and the mechanisms of action.

Results and Conclusion:
Although the pipeline seems promising, the prospect of having an antima-larial medicine that meets the current target product profiles (TPPs) towards the malaria eradication agenda is far from reality. Some of the key TPP attributes required include multistage activity, re-sistance-proof; ability to achieve a single dose cure and safety across a wide range of patient popu-lations. Clinical trials are ongoing for some promising molecules, inspiring optimism toward identi-fying better drugs that meet these defined TPPs. Until then, concerted research efforts should con-tinue to be mounted to populate the antimalarial drug discovery and development pipeline.
Phosphate Homeostasis and Disorders of Phosphate Metabolism
Authors: Perumal Nandhini Lakshmana , Padidela Raja 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:
Phosphate is indispensable for human life and evolutionary changes over several millions of years have established tightly regulated mechanisms to ensure phosphate homeostasis. In this process, calcium and phosphate metabolism have come to be intricately linked together. Three hor-mones (PTH, FGF23 and Calcitriol) maintain the fine balance of calcium and phosphate metabo-lism through their actions at three sites (the gut, the kidneys and the skeleton). Disorders that disrupt this balance can have serious clinical consequences. Acute changes in serum phosphate levels can result in life threatening complications like respiratory failure and cardiac arrythmias. Chronic hy-pophosphataemia predominantly affects the musculoskeletal system and presents as impaired linear growth, rickets, osteomalacia and dental problems. Hyperphosphataemia is very common in the set-ting of chronic kidney disease and can be difficult to manage. A thorough understanding of calcium and phosphate homeostasis is essential to diagnose and treat conditions associated with hypo and hyperphosphataemia. In this review, we will discuss the calcium and phosphate metabolism, aetiol-ogies and management of hypo and hyperphosphataemia.
Shear Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams using GFRP
Authors: Liew Yu Xuan , Bakar Norliana , Lim Kar Sing , Doh Shu Ing , Jaya Ramadhansyah Putra , Chin Siew Choo 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) is often used as external strengthening material due to its unique benefits. However, the effectiveness of the strengthening configuration, which uses GFRP in different orientations, still has a lot of uncertainties.

Objective:
This research work aims to study the shear strengthening of reinforced concrete beams using GFRP.

Methods:
The mechanical properties of the GFRP were investigated, including tensile and flexural tests. Two layers of GFRP were bonded together using epoxy and a hardener of 2:1. The GFRP was then cut according to size for tensile and flexural tests. Five samples were prepared for tensile and flexural tests, respectively. In terms of beam strengthening, a total of four beams were considered for four-point bending tests, whereby two were used as control beams and the remaining two were for strengthening purposes. A 45º strengthening configuration was adopted for the shear strengthening.

Results:
Results showed that GFRP possessed the highest tensile stress, which was achieved in the range of 208.85 MPa – 319.22 MPa, while the highest flexural stress was achieved in the range of 506.16 MPa – 592.49 MPa. The results showed that shear strengthening at 45º with GFRP achieved an ultimate load of 136.38 kN, which was higher than the control beam's load of 133 kN. This indicates that GFRP managed to regain the beam capacity, which is 2.5% higher than the control beam.

Conclusion:
This proves that GFRP can be used as an alternative strengthening material other than carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP).