bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights into the genetic makeup of French Polynesian peripheral populations of the small giant clam Tridacna maxima
Authors: Riquet Florentine , Horaud Mathilde , Dubousquet Vaimiti , Tiavouane Josina , Lopes Carmela , Raharivelomanana Phila , Berteaux‐Lecellier Véronique , Planes Serge , Grulois Daphné , Andréfouët Serge , Van Wynsberge Simon , Borsa Philippe , Lecellier Gaël , Fauvelot Cécile 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

The small giant clam, Tridacna maxima, is distributed from the Red Sea and East African coast to French Polynesia. Across this widespread Indo‐Pacific range, T. maxima shows strong population structure, in agreement with its limited dispersal abilities.
Peripheral populations may have smaller effective population sizes, increasing their vulnerability under any environmental changes. Understanding evolutionary processes at play in such regions located at the edges of T. maxima distribution is a prerequisite in the context of transfers and restocking programmes.
In this study, giant clams were sampled from 14 atolls and islands within four archipelagos in the peripheral region of French Polynesia, in 2001–2002 and/or in 2012–2013, then genotyped at the COI gene and at nine microsatellite loci.
Mitochondrial lineages of T. maxima from French Polynesia diverged from those sampled in Micronesia, Melanesia, the Coral Triangle and the Red Sea by 6.6–7.3%. Within French Polynesia, significant genetic structure was found, indicating restricted gene flow, and it was stable through time. Most of the genetic variation at microsatellite loci was between archipelagos. The most differentiated archipelago was the most geographically isolated (the Austral Islands).
The current patterns of genetic structuring of T. maxima in French Polynesia probably result from long‐term genetic isolation with limited dispersal ability. In addition, these results underlined that sufficiently large populations of T. maxima have persisted in the Central Pacific during the last sea‐level regression.
Strategies to optimize transfers and restocking programmes should be designed to preserve the genetic diversity and structure observed here, to avoid the risks of altering the genetic structure, allele loss and/or introduction of maladapted alleles in the receiving populations.
Hwiccewyrm trispiculum gen. et sp. nov., a new leptopleuronine procolophonid from the Late Triassic of southwest England
Authors: Butler Richard J. , Meade Luke E. , Cleary Terri J. , McWhirter Kai T. , Brown Emily E. , Kemp Tom S. , Benito Juan , Fraser Nicholas C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe fissure fill localities of southwest England and South Wales are well‐known for preserving rich assemblages of predominantly small‐bodied Late Triassic to Early Jurassic tetrapods, but many aspects of these assemblages remain contentious. The age of the Late Triassic fissures is disputed, with some lines of argument suggesting a latest Triassic (Rhaetian) age, whereas other evidence suggests they may be as old as Carnian. The fissures have been hypothesized by some workers to have formed on an archipelago, with island effects invoked to explain aspects of the assemblages such as the abundance of small‐bodied species. Procolophonids were a successful group of Triassic parareptiles, best known from Early to early Late Triassic assemblages, but have only recently been described from one of the fissure fill sites (Ruthin) based upon fragmentary remains. Here, we describe new procolophonid specimens from another fissure (Cromhall) that represent at least six individuals of different sizes, with much of the skeleton represented including well‐preserved skull material. The Cromhall procolophonid shows strong similarities to Late Triassic procolophonids from Scotland, Brazil and North America, but both autapomorphies and a unique character combination demonstrate that it represents a new species, which we name as Hwiccewyrm trispiculum gen. et sp. nov. Phylogenetic analysis places Hwiccewyrm in a derived clade within Leptopleuroninae, together with Leptopleuron, Hypsognathus, and Soturnia. The largest specimens of Hwiccewyrm demonstrate a body size that is similar to Leptopleuron and Hypsognathus, supporting other recent work that has questioned the insular dwarfism hypothesis for the fissure fill assemblages.
Indirect dating of secondary cave burials in the Massim region of Papua New Guinea reveals last millennium reorganisation of social practices
Authors: Boyd Zali , Shaw Ben 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTIn the Massim Island region of southeastern Papua New Guinea secondary interment of skeletal remains was widely practiced historically, but its social context and regional expression in the deeper past remains uncertain. In this paper the chronology of secondary burial on Panaeati Island is established indirectly by reconstructing the cultural and spatiotemporal association of 21 clay pots placed with human skeletal remains at Biniwaga Cave, coincidently establishing the first whole vessel typology ofSouthern Massim Combed Pottery(SMCP) andSouthern Massim Pottery(SMP). Comparison with excavated pottery assemblages on Panaeati and elsewhere in the region demonstrates that the Biniwaga pots are consistent with SMCP and early SMP, dating from 740 to 470 calBP. Secondary burial practices on Panaeati are contemporary with those recorded elsewhere in the region and coincide with changes in pottery production centres. Compared to excavated pottery assemblages from contemporary sites, a relatively narrow range of pots are represented at Biniwaga. It is hypothesised that pots were selected to reflect the cultural affiliation of deceased individuals during a period of increasing inter‐island interaction.
Three‐Dimensional Chromosomal Landscape Revealing miR‐146a Dysfunctional Enhancer in Lupus and Establishing a CRISPR‐Mediated Approach to Inhibit the Interferon Pathway
Authors: Zhu Xinyi , Zhang Yutong , Yin Zihang , Ye Zhizhong , Qin Yuting , Cheng Zhaorui , Shen Yiwei , Yin Zhihua , Ma Jianyang , Tang Yuanjia , Ding Huihua , Guo Ya , Hou Guojun , Shen Nan 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveThe diminished expression of microRNA‐146a (miR‐146a) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) contributes to the aberrant activation of the interferon pathway. Despite its significance, the underlying mechanism driving this reduced expression remains elusive. Considering the integral role of enhancers in steering gene expression, our study seeks to pinpoint the SLE‐affected enhancers responsible for modulating miR‐146a expression. Additionally, we aim to elucidate the mechanisms by which these enhancers influence the contribution of miR‐146a to the activation of the interferon pathway.MethodsCircular chromosome conformation capture sequencing and epigenomic profiles were applied to identify candidate enhancers of miR‐146a. CRISPR activation was performed to screen functional enhancers. Differential analysis of chromatin accessibility was used to identify SLE‐dysregulated enhancers, and the mechanism underlying enhancer dysfunction was investigated by analyzing transcription factor binding. The therapeutic value of a lupus‐related enhancer was further evaluated by targeting it in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with SLE through a CRISPR activation approach.ResultsWe identified shared and cell‐specific enhancers of miR‐146a in distinct immune cells. An enhancer 32.5 kb downstream of miR‐146a possesses less accessibility in SLE, and its chromatin openness was negatively correlated with SLE disease activity. Moreover, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α, a down‐regulated transcription factor in patients with SLE, binds to the 32.5‐kb enhancer and induces the epigenomic change of this locus. Furthermore, CRISPR‐based activation of this enhancer in SLE PBMCs could inhibit the activity of interferon pathway.ConclusionOur work defines a promising target for SLE intervention. We adopted integrative approaches to define cell‐specific and functional enhancers of the SLE critical gene and investigated the mechanism underlying its dysregulation mediated by a lupus‐related enhancer.image
Profile of plasma free amino acids, carnitine and acylcarnitines, and JAK2v617fmutation as potential metabolic markers in children with type 1 diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Hassan Mohammed H. , Galal Omyma , Sakhr Hala M. , Kamaleldeen Eman B. , Zekry Nadia Farouk , Fateen Ekram , Toghan Rana 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFifty diabetic nephropathy (DN) children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and 50 healthy matched controls were included. Chromatographic assays of 14 amino acids, free carnitine and 27 carnitine esters using high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization–mass spectroscopy, and genetic testing for JAK2v617fmutation using real‐time PCR were performed. Patients had significantly lower levels of tyrosine, branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs), and BCAA/AAA (aromatic chain amino acids) ratios, glycine, arginine, ornithine, free carnitine and some carnitine esters (C5, 6, 12 and 16) and higher phenylalanine, phenylalanine/tyrosine ratio and C18 compared with the controls and in the macro‐albuminuria vs. the microalbuminuria group (p < 0.05 for all) except for free carnitine. Plasma carnitine was negatively correlated with eGFR (r = −0.488,p = 0.000). There were significant positive correlations between tyrosine with UACR ratio (r = 0.296,p = 0.037). The plasma BCAA/AAA ratio showed significant negative correlations with UACR (r = −0.484,p = 0.000). There was a significantly higher frequency of the JAK2V617Fgene mutation in diabetic nephropathy patients compared with the control group and in macro‐albuminuria than the microalbuminuria group (p = 0.000) for both. When monitoring children with T1DM, plasma free amino acids and acylcarnitine profiles should be considered, especially if they have tested positive for JAK2V617Ffor the early diagnosis of DN.
Machine‐learning radiomics to predict bone marrow metastasis of neuroblastoma using magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Lv Lin , Zhang Zhengtao , Zhang Dongbo , Chen Qinchang , Liu Yuanfang , Qiu Ya , Fu Wen , Yin Xuntao , Chen Xiong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundNeuroblastoma is one common pediatric malignancy notorious for high temporal and spatial heterogeneities. More than half of its patients develop distant metastases involving vascularized organs, especially the bone marrow. It is thus necessary to have an economical, noninvasive method without much radiation for follow‐ups. Radiomics has been used in many cancers to assist accurate diagnosis but not yet in bone marrow metastasis in neuroblastoma.MethodsA total of 182 patients with neuroblastoma were retrospectively collected and randomly divided into the training and validation sets. Five‐hundred and seventy‐two radiomics features were extracted from magnetic resonance imaging, among which 41 significant ones were selected via T‐test for model development. We attempted 13 machine‐learning algorithms and eventually chose three best‐performed models. The integrative performance evaluations are based on the area under the curves (AUCs), calibration curves, risk deciles plots, and other indexes.ResultsExtreme gradient boosting, random forest (RF), and adaptive boosting were the top three to predict bone marrow metastases in neuroblastoma while RF was the most accurate one. Its AUC was 0.90 (0.86–0.93), F1 score was 0.82, sensitivity was 0.76, and negative predictive value was 0.79 in the training set. The values were 0.82 (0.71–0.93), 0.80, 0.75, and 0.92 in the validation set, respectively.ConclusionsRadiomics models are likely to contribute more to metastatic diagnoses and the formulation of personalized healthcare strategies in clinics. It has great potential of being a revolutionary method to replace traditional interventions in the future.
Study of hard red spring wheat millstreams on the correlation between protein molecular weight parameters and bread‐making quality
Authors: Simsek Senay , Baasandorj Tsogtbayar , Dykes Linda , Ohm Jae‐Bom 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesMillstreams vary in quality due to the heterogeneous spatial distribution of biochemical components in the wheat kernel. The objective of this research was to investigate variations of protein parameters characterized using size‐exclusion high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with multiangle light scattering (SE‐HPLC‐MALS) and their correlations with bread‐making quality in various millstreams obtained from long‐flow experimental milling of hard red spring (HRS) wheat.FindingsQuantitative variations for proteins, especially storage proteins such as gliadins and glutenin polymers, were primarily correlated with bread‐making quality in millstreams. Compositionally, a nonstorage protein fraction percentage was identified to be a complemental explanatory variable for prediction of bread loaf volume showing coefficient of determination of 0.936 in multiple regression with protein content. The molecular weight (MW) values of polymeric protein fractions determined by MALS varied significantly among millstreams showing negative correlations with bread quality traits.ConclusionThe protein SE‐HPLC‐MALS parameters were effective for the evaluation of millstreams as demonstrated by significant correlations with bread‐making traits.Significance and NoveltyNovel information was reported on the variation of protein MW characteristics analyzed by SE‐HPLC‐MALS in relation to end‐product quality for HRS wheat long‐flow millstreams. The information will be valuable to millers seeking to optimize the functionality of HRS flour blends.
Community‐acquired Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremia in liver cirrhosis: A case report
Authors: Shirakura Kentaro , Saijo Masaji , Yamada Tatsuya , Song Myeongcheol , Constantine Shadia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStenotrophomonas maltophilia is a Gram‐negative bacterium, usually considered a nosocomial pathogen. Its role in community‐acquired infections has been reported, but it is still not typically included in differential diagnoses of patients not exposed to the healthcare system. Recently, some reports suggested that liver diseases might also act as a possible risk factor for community‐acquired S. maltophilia bloodstream infection. We report a case of a 77‐year‐old woman with a history of cirrhosis who was diagnosed with community‐acquired S. maltophilia bloodstream infection. S. maltophilia not only causes hospital‐acquired infections but is also emerging as a pathogen in community settings. Although community‐onset infection is still rare and might have lower mortality, this antibiotic‐resistant bacterial species should be considered a possible pathogen in patients with liver cirrhosis. Although trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole is considered the first‐line treatment, a study in vitro and a 4‐year review of S. maltophilia susceptibility in our institution found that the bacteria were more susceptible to minocycline than to trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole. Therefore, minocycline might become the first‐line treatment in the future.
Reticular erythematous mucinosis: Relationship between its dermoscopic and histopathological findings
Authors: Takada Tomoaki 
Published: September 2023

Key Clinical MessageIn reticular erythematous mucinosis, (1) the presence of dotted vessels and (2) uniform, structureless, yellowish‐white spots, and patches on dermoscopy correspond to histopathological findings of (1) vessels at the tips of the dermal papillae and (2) thickening and rupture of the collagen and fiber bundles with mucin deposition, respectively.AbstractReticular erythematous mucinosis is a rare form of skin mucinosis that primarily affects middle‐aged women, typically appearing as papules and plaques in the upper chest or midline of the back. Here, we report the case of a 75‐year‐old woman with skin papules and plaques left untreated for 8 years. A gross skin examination was followed by histopathological and dermoscopic examinations. The main dermoscopic findings were (1) dotted vessels and (2) uniform structureless yellowish‐white spots and patches. The corresponding histopathological findings were (1) vessels at the tips of the dermal papillae and (2) thickening and rupturing of the collagen and fiber bundles with mucin deposition, respectively. Laboratory investigations revealed normal results, ruling out various autoimmune disorders. REM was diagnosed based on these findings. The study presents relevant evidence‐based findings in dermatology and cutaneous pathology as it is the first description of REM using dermoscopy. Dermoscopic diagnosis without other unnecessary tests would benefit both the clinician and the patient.
Proteus mirabilis: A rare cause of pneumonia, radiologically mimicking malignancy of the lung
Authors: ullah Saif , Saadaat Ramin , Hamidi Hidayatullah , Haidary Ahmed Maseh 
Published: September 2023

Key clinical messageLesions that are suspected for malignancy need be managed by a multidisciplinary team. Utilization of radiological as well as pathological diagnostic modalities ensures correct diagnosis and thus timely intervention.AbstractIntroductionProteus mirabilis is a Gram‐negative rod. It is a highly motile bacterium that belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae. Lung infection and pneumonia caused by p. mirabilis is extremely rare and occurs in patients with chronic debilitation or chronic lung disease.Case PresentationA 65‐year‐Old Woman presented with dry cough, dyspnoea on exertion, and chest pain of 4 months' duration. She received multiple medications including antibiotics but without any resolution of her symptoms. Computed Tomography scan of the chest was performed reported a tumor in the upper lobe of the left lung with multiple associated pulmonary nodules. The impression was that of metastatic lung disease with superimposed acute infection. Accordingly, the patient was reevaluated and a diagnostic bronchoscopy with multiple endobronchial biopsies and broncho‐alveolar lavage was done. The gram stain showed Gram‐Negative Bacilli and the bacteria identified P. mirabilis.ConclusionMass lesions suspected for malignancy should be managed with involvement of multiple medical disciplines, to ensure correct and timely diagnosis. This is to avoid miss‐management.
Structural and Electronic Engineering of Co‐doped Ni3C Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Ultrathin Carbon Layers for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhang Tianyu , Wang Shensong , Zhou Fengling , Shanmugam Sangaraju , Kim Hasuck , Zhang Xinyi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWith resurgent interest in green hydrogen as a key element in the transition to a renewable‐energy economy, developing efficient, earth‐abundant, and low‐cost catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is becoming increasingly important but is still very challenging. Herein, we report the synthesis of Co‐doped Ni3C nanoparticles encapsulated in ultrathin carbon layers (CNCC) by in‐situ thermal decomposition of organic‐inorganic hybrid as high‐performance HER electrocatalysts. Experimental and density functional theory studies evidence that the substantial high‐index (113) surfaces in synergy with a few atomic carbon layers contribute significantly to the activity and stability, while the electronic structure of Ni3C is optimized through tuning the Co content to enhance the intrinsic kinetics for HER. The CNCC exhibits excellent HER activities with overpotentials at 10 mA cm−2 (η10) of 102 and 69 mV and Tafel slopes of 74 and 43 mV dec−1 in respective neutral and alkaline media along with a superior stability without noticeable decay up to 100 h. More importantly, the CNCC outperforms the benchmark Pt/C catalyst under high current density (>38 mA cm−2) in an alkaline electrolyte, showing great potential for practical hydrogen production.
Fuel Property Enhancement of Jatropha Biodiesel by Blending with Nanoparticles
Authors: Prajapati Ajeet Kumar , Yadawa Yogendra , Dwivedi Deepak , Kumar Rakesh 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe direct application of Jatropha biodiesel in engines is harmful because of the corrosivity of biodiesel, the emission of poisonous gases, and solid particulate matter. Therefore, it is of paramount important to enhance the biodiesel fuel properties via green routes to effectively utilize it for automotive applications. The synthesis and application of different nanoparticles (NPs) such as ZnO, Mg‐ZnO, TiO2, and SiO2, as fuel property enhancers for Jatropha biodiesel were investigated. The calorific value, oxidation stability, dynamic viscosity etc. were studied for the NP‐blended biodiesels and compared with the traditional biodiesel (B100). Mg‐ZnO was found to be a promising candidate as fuel property enhancer for biodiesels.
Exploring the Multifarious Role of the Ligand in Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Pathways
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Tyagi Vyom Prakash , Ghosh Munmun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn recent years, researchers have shifted their focus towards investigating the redox properties of ancillary ligand backbones for small‐molecule activation. Several metal complexes have been reported for the electrocatalytic H2 evolution reaction (HER), providing valuable mechanistic insights. This process involves efficient coupling of electrons and protons. Redox‐active ligands stipulate internal electron transfer and promote effective orbital overlap between metal and ligand, thereby, enabling efficient proton‐coupled electron transfer reactions. Understanding such catalytic mechanisms requires thorough spectroscopic and computational analyses. Herein, we summarize recent examples of molecular electrocatalysts based on 3d transition metals that have significantly influenced mechanistic pathways, thus, emphasizing the multifaceted role of metal–ligand cooperativity.
Graphitic carbon nitride nanomaterials for high‐performance supercapacitors
Authors: Chen Yunxuan , Lu Chao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGraphitic carbon nitride is a promising material as an electrode material for advanced electrochemical energy storage devices because of its controllable structure, physicochemical properties, and abundant active sites. However, its intrinsic properties as electrode materials can not be fully expressed owing to limited electrical properties, which impede charge transfer and material exchange inside devices. During the past decade, the challenge has been addressed through material engineering strategies, such as exfoliation and composition, and then advanced energy devices, such as supercapacitors, have been assembled. In this regard, a timely review of graphitic carbon nitride for high‐performance supercapacitors requires to be put forward for summarizing past studies and inspiring future research works as well. This review article summarizes recent progress in material synthesis and property regulation of graphitic carbon nitride nanomaterials and their application in assembling advanced supercapacitors with high energy density and superior working stability. Finally, based on existing research and our experimental experience, a perspective for directing future research has been presented concerning material synthesis and electrochemical application of graphitic carbon nitride.