bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FRS2-independent GRB2 interaction with FGFR2 is not required for embryonic development
Authors: Clark James F. , Soriano Philippe 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
FGF activation is known to engage canonical signals, including ERK/MAPK and PI3K/AKT, through various effectors including FRS2 and GRB2. Fgfr2FCPG/FCPG mutants that abrogate canonical intracellular signaling exhibit a range of mild phenotypes but are viable, in contrast to embryonic lethal Fgfr2−/− mutants. GRB2 has been reported to interact with FGFR2 through a non-traditional mechanism, by binding to the C-terminus of FGFR2 independently of FRS2 recruitment. To investigate whether this interaction provides functionality beyond canonical signaling, we generated mutant mice harboring a C-terminal truncation (T). We found that Fgfr2T/T mice are viable and have no distinguishable phenotype, indicating that GRB2 binding to the C-terminal end of FGFR2 is not required for development or adult homeostasis. We further introduced the T mutation on the sensitized FCPG background but found that Fgfr2FCPGT/FCPGT mutants did not exhibit significantly more severe phenotypes. We therefore conclude that, although GRB2 can bind to FGFR2 independently of FRS2, this binding does not have a critical role in development or homeostasis.
Postural fall in systolic blood pressure is a useful warning sign in dengue fever
Authors: Mahabala Chakrapani , Boloor Archith , Upadhya Sushmita , Nimmagadda Satya Sudish , Lakshmikeshava Tejaswini , Anand Raghav 
Published: July 2023

Background: Capillary leak is the hallmark of development of severe dengue. A rise in haematocrit has been a major warning sign in WHO guidelines. Postural hypotension, which could reflect the intravascular volume reduction in capillary leak has been noted as warning sign in CDC and Pan American Health Organisation guidelines. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of postural hypotension as a marker of development of severe dengue. Methods: 150 patients admitted with dengue fever were recruited in this prospective observational study. Diagnostic accuracy of conventional warning signs (abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, fluid accumulation, mucosal bleeding, lethargy, liver enlargement, increasing hematocrit with decreasing platelets) and postural hypotension was evaluated. Results: 23 (15.3%) subjects developed severe dengue. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that ascites/pleural effusion and postural fall in systolic blood pressure of >10.33% had odds ratio of 5.024(95%CI:1.11 – 22.75) and 11.369 (95% CI:2.27 – 56.87), respectively. Other parameters did not reach statistical significance. Sensitivity and specificity of ascites/pleural effusion were 82.6% and 88.2% for development of severe dengue whereas postural fall in systolic blood pressure had sensitivity and specificity of 87% and 82.7%. Conclusions: These findings present a strong case for including postural hypotension as a warning sign in patients with dengue fever, especially in resource limited settings.
Investigating the link between frontal sinus morphology and craniofacial characteristics with sex: A 3D CBCT study on the South Indian population
Authors: Denny Ceena , Bhoraskar Mohana , Abdul Aziz Shaikh Sabiha , T S Bastian , Sujir Nanditha , Natarajan Srikant 
Published: July 2023

Background: Measurement of craniofacial parameters plays an important role in sex determination in forensic science. The present study was done using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans to evaluate the morphologic structure of the frontal sinuses and compare it with the width of nasal, cranial, maxillary and mandibular width which might help us in sex determination. Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted using 142 full field of view (FOV) scans of patients archived from the department. The width of the nose, cranium, maxilla, and mandibular width was measured and compared with the frontal sinus between the two sexes. Results: A paired t-test was done to compare the linear measurements for both sexes' right and left frontal sinuses. The measurements were higher in males when compared to females. There was a statistically significant asymmetry (larger dimension on the left side) of the anterioposterior (p-value of 0.012) and superior-inferior dimensions in males (p-value of 0.135). Spearman's correlation showed that frontal sinus correlated with other craniofacial parameters like nasal, cranial, maxillary and mandibular width among both sexes. The frontal sinus, nasal, cranial, maxillary and mandibular widths were higher in males when compared to females (independent t-test). Discriminant function scores showed 66-68% accuracy to discriminate sex, using the anteroposterior dimension and mandibular width. Conclusions: The measurement of craniofacial parameters using CBCT can aid in determining the sex of unidentified and decomposed bodies.
Attrition of methylnaltrexone treatment-emergent adverse events in patients with chronic noncancer pain and opioid-induced constipation: a post hoc pooled analysis of two clinical trials
Authors: Mehta Neel , Slatkin Neal E. , Israel Robert J. , Stambler Nancy 
Published: July 2023

Background: Opioids prescribed for the management of chronic noncancer pain are associated with nausea, vomiting, and constipation. Methylnaltrexone, a peripherally acting µ-opioid receptor antagonist, has demonstrated robust efficacy and was well-tolerated in treating opioid-induced constipation without affecting central analgesia. Our objective was to assess changes in the frequency of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) after the first or second dose of methylnaltrexone or placebo. Methods: This post hoc analysis pooled data from two randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials assessing methylnaltrexone for opioid-induced constipation in the outpatient setting. Patients received subcutaneous methylnaltrexone (12 mg once daily or 12 mg once every other day), oral methylnaltrexone (150, 300, or 450 mg daily), or placebo. TEAEs, opioid withdrawal symptoms, pain intensity, and rescue-free bowel movements (RFBMs) within 4 hours of the first dose (i.e., RFBM responders) were assessed. Associations between TEAE frequencies and RFBM response were also evaluated. Results: The analysis included 1263 adult patients with chronic noncancer pain. TEAE rates declined from treatment day 1 to 2 (methylnaltrexone: 16.2%–5.3%; placebo: 6.6%−5.4%). Among methylnaltrexone-treated patients, significantly greater proportions of RFBM responders versus nonresponders reported gastrointestinal TEAEs on day 1. No associations between RFBM response and the frequency of TEAEs were observed in the placebo group. No meaningful changes in opioid withdrawal symptoms or pain intensity were observed. Conclusions: Early-onset TEAEs following methylnaltrexone treatment, particularly gastrointestinal TEAEs, are at least partially due to laxation. Methylnaltrexone treatment effectively relieves opioid-induced constipation without affecting the central analgesic effects of opioids.
Characterizing antibody responses to mosquito salivary antigens of the Southeast Asian vectors of malaria and dengue with a human challenge model of controlled exposure: a protocol
Authors: Sawasdichai Sunisa , Chaumeau Victor , Kearney Ellen , Wasisakun Praphan , Simpson Julie A. , Price David J. , Chotirat Sadudee , Rénia Laurent , Bergmann-Leitner Elke , Fowkes Freya , Nosten François 
Published: July 2023

Background: Measurement of antibody titers directed against mosquito salivary antigens in blood samples has been proposed as an outcome measure to assess human exposure to vector bites. However, only a handful of antigens have been identified and the specificity and longitudinal dynamics of antibody responses are not well known. We report the protocol of a clinical trial of controlled exposure to mosquito bites that aims to identify and validate biomarkers of exposure to bites of mosquito vector species that transmit malaria and dengue in Southeast Asia and some other parts of the world. Methods: This study is an exploratory factorial randomized control trial of controlled exposure to mosquito bites with 10 arms corresponding to different species (Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus, Anopheles dirus, An. maculatus and An. minimus) and numbers of bites (35 or 305 bites in total over 6 weeks). Blood samples will be collected from study participants before, during and after mosquito biting challenges. Candidate peptides will be identified from published literature with antigen prediction algorithms using mosquito DNA sequence data and with immunoblotting assays carried out using protein extracts of dissected mosquito salivary glands and participants samples. Antibody titers against candidate peptides will be determined in participants samples with high-throughput cutting-edge immuno-assays. Quantification of the antibody response profile over time (including an estimate of the decay rate) and the effect of the number of bites on the antibody response will be determined using linear and logistic mixed-effects models for the continuous and the binary response, respectively. Conclusion: This research is expected to generate important knowledge for vector sero-surveillance and evaluation of vector-control interventions against malaria and dengue in the Greater Mekong Subregion. Registration: This study is registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04478370) on July 20th, 2020.
Setting up multicolour TIRF microscopy down to the single molecule level
Authors: Schirripa Spagnolo Chiara , Luin Stefano 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Investigating biological mechanisms in ever greater detail requires continuous advances in microscopy techniques and setups. Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy is a well-established technique for visualizing processes on the cell membrane. TIRF allows studies down to the single molecule level, mainly in single-colour applications. Instead, multicolour setups are still limited. Here, we describe our strategies for implementing a multi-channel TIRF microscopy system capable of simultaneous two-channel excitation and detection, starting from a single-colour commercial setup. First, we report some applications at high molecule density and then focus on the challenges we faced for achieving the single molecule level simultaneously in different channels, showing that rigorous optimizations on the setup are needed to increase its sensitivity up to this point, from camera setting to background minimization. We also discuss our strategies regarding crucial points of fluorescent labelling for this type of experiment: labelling strategy, kind of probe, efficiency, and orthogonality of the reaction, all of which are aspects that can influence the achievable results. This work may provide useful guidelines for setting up advanced single-molecule multi-channel TIRF experiments to obtain insights into interaction mechanisms on the cell membrane of living cells.
Fractional Sobolev regularity for solutions to a strongly degenerate parabolic equation
Authors: Ambrosio Pasquale 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe carry on the investigation started in [P. Ambrosio and A. Passarelli di Napoli, Regularity results for a class of widely degenerate parabolic equations, preprint 2022, version 3,https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.05966v3] about the regularity of weak solutions to the strongly degenerate parabolic equationut-div⁡[(|D⁢u|-1)+p-1⁢D⁢u|D⁢u|]=f in ⁢ΩT=Ω×(0,T),u_{t}-\operatorname{div}\Bigl{[}(\lvert Du\rvert-1)_{+}^{p-1}\frac{Du}{\lvert Du% \rvert}\Bigr{]}=f\quad\text{in }\Omega_{T}=\Omega\times(0,T),where Ω is a bounded domain inℝn{\mathbb{R}^{n}}forn≥2{n\geq 2},p≥2{p\geq 2}and(⋅)+{(\,\cdot\,)_{+}}stands for the positive part. Here, we weaken the assumption on the right-hand side, by assuming thatf∈Llocp′⁢(0,T;Bp′,∞,locα⁢(Ω)),f\in L_{\mathrm{loc}}^{p^{\prime}}(0,T;B_{p^{\prime},\infty,\mathrm{loc}}^{% \alpha}(\Omega)),withα∈(0,1){\alpha\in(0,1)}andp′=p/(p-1){p^{\prime}=p/(p-1)}. This leads us to obtain higher fractional differentiability results for a function of the spatial gradientDuof the solutions. Moreover, we establish the higher summability ofDuwith respect to the spatial variable. The main novelty of the above equation is that the structure function satisfies standard ellipticity and growth conditions only outside the unit ball centered at the origin. We would like to point out that the main result of this paper can be considered, on the one hand, as the parabolic counterpart of an elliptic result contained in [P. Ambrosio, Besov regularity for a class of singular or degenerate elliptic equations, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 505 2022, 2, Paper No. 125636], and on the other hand as the fractional version of some results established in [P. Ambrosio and A. Passarelli di Napoli, Regularity results for a class of widely degenerate parabolic equations, preprint 2022, version 3,https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.05966v3].
Polyvinylidene fluoride/maghnite nanocomposites: fabrication and study of structural, thermal and mechanical properties
Authors: Khiati Zoulikha , Mrah Lahouari 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
An in-depth study of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) based nanocomposite systems will be the focus of this research. This polymer being hydrophobic and apolar, it will be unlikely to generate strong interactions with clay leaves called organophilic maghnite. The challenge of this study will therefore be to manage the load/polymer interfaces by using montmorillonite with specific surface treatments by adding a surfactant Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. Therefore, a significant improvement in mechanical and thermal properties was observed. The properties of PVDFNC nanocomposites were evaluated using various physico-chemical techniques (XRD, FTIR, TGA, DSC, TEM, SEM). The results of the structural and thermal measurements carried out on these products reveal that the structural concept of the surfactant influences both the morphological profile, the thermal and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites obtained. Accelerated crystallization is observed in PVDNC nanocomposites as an effective nucleation agent, the crystals formed are predominantly β shaped and have a small number of polar α crystals. Measurements by X-ray diffraction, as well as transmission and scanning electron microscopy indicated that modified maghnite was perfectly distributed 3 % by weight in the polyvinylidene fluoride matrix. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were evaluated according to the filler material used and the polyvinylidene fluoride matrix.
Melting point of dried gold nanoparticles prepared with ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and lyophilisation
Authors: Jelen Žiga , Krajewski Marcin , Zupanič Franc , Majerič Peter , Švarc Tilen , Anžel Ivan , Ekar Jernej , Liou Sz-Chian , Kubacki Jerzy , Tokarczyk Mateusz , Rudolf Rebeka 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA coupled process of ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and lyophilisation was used for the synthesis of dried gold nanoparticles. Two methods were applied for determining their melting temperature: uniaxial microcompression and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. Uniaxial microcompression resulted in sintering of the dried gold nanoparticles at room temperature with an activation energy of 26–32.5 J/g, which made it impossible to evaluate their melting point. Using DSC, the melting point of the dried gold nanoparticles was measured to be around 1064.3°C, which is close to pure gold. The reason for the absence of a melting point depression in dried gold nanoparticles was their exothermic sintering between 712 and 908.1°C.
Wear properties of graphene-reinforced aluminium metal matrix composite: A review
Authors: Wakhi Anuar Nur Farah Bazilah , Salleh Mohd Shukor , Omar Mohd Zaidi , Zamri Wan Fathul Hakim W. , Md Ali Afifah , Samat Saziana 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The recent advancement in graphene-reinforced aluminium matrix composites improves wear behaviour in the production of lightweight and high-performance nanocomposites. Considerable works have been devoted to using graphene nanoparticles as solid self-lubricants to increase wear resistance, minimise friction coefficients, improve service efficiency, and extend the lifespan of related sliding components. In general, wear behaviour often depends on the homogeneous distribution of graphene in the aluminium matrix. The non-uniform distribution of reinforcement due to the tendency of graphene to agglomerate in aluminium matrix and its poor wettability becomes a challenge in developing optimum functional of composites. The wettability of graphene can be enhanced by proper processing methods and sufficient addition of magnesium that can improve the wear and frictional properties of the produced composites. Hence, this review article provides recent findings and the influence of graphene as reinforcement materials in composites, including the effects on wear behaviour and friction properties. This article also discusses new advancements in the effect of graphene in self-lubricating aluminium matrix composites and the impact of reinforcement on the wear mechanisms of the composites. The future direction of the wear properties of MMCs is also covered at the end of the review.
Role of the thermal regime in the defect formation of zinc oxide nanostructures prepared by the thermal decomposition process
Authors: Katekaew Panuwat , Prasatkhetragarn Anurak , Sirirak Reungruthai , Boonruang Chatdanai , Klinbumrung Arrak 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The intrinsic defect of ZnO depicts a crucial role in the charge transfer owing to the suppression of the exciton recombination, exhibiting superior semiconducting performance. In this study, the intrinsic defect of ZnO nanostructures prepared by direct thermal activation of 300–900 °C was investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was employed to analyze phase, crystallite size, Zn–O bond length, and dislocation density. The relation of Williamson–Hall (W–H) was used to calculate crystallite size and micro-strain. The atomic coordination was approximated through the Rietveld method. Morphology and crystal growth investigation was carried on by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and tunneling electron microscope (TEM), exhibiting rod-like nanostructures transform to oval shape particle with high residual strain when increasing calcination temperature, exhibiting the crystal growth direction of (101). Specific surface and pore analysis reveals a significant value corresponding to SEM analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) detected Zn–O stretching vibration bands, presenting a notable increase in the intensity when heat at 600 °C. Relating to the thermal regime, energy bandgap (Eg) was found to be 3.41–3.50 eV as increasing heat treatment temperatures. Photoluminescence (PL) was applied to determine intrinsic defects through emissive spectra. The surface charge was determined through the zeta potential measurement. The photo-induced dye degradation was measured to understand the effect of the defect in semiconductors. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirms the wurtzite structure appearance, including the intrinsic defects. The observed intrinsic defects are discussed, associating with the structural constants, emissive spectra, cationic dye degradation, and binding energy.
A marca do caminhar dos avós na retomada Mbya Guarani Yjêre: Disputando território, história e patrimônio na ponta do arado, Porto Alegre, RS
Authors: Wittmann Marcus A. S. 
Published: July 2023

Ao olhar etnograficamente para as pesquisas arqueológicas efetuadas no âmbito do licenciamento ambiental, nota-se como a definição de patrimônio cultural material está em um campo de disputa entre estado, ciências e populações tradicionais. Esse artigo pretende expor os termos dessa disputa através da análise de documentos legais e burocráticos, de relatórios técnicos de arqueologia para o licenciamento ambiental e de um estudo de caso: a retomada Mbya Guarani na Ponta do Arado (Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil). Esse panorama mostra como a ciência arqueológica pode ser constrangida por documentos burocráticos e legais, e como demandas políticas e territoriais de grupos indígenas atuam contra definições e práticas instituídas pelo estado, demonstrando suas incongruências e violências.

Abstract:

When looking ethnographically at the archaeological research carried out within the scope of environmental licensing, it can be seen how the definition of material cultural heritage is in a field of dispute between the state, sciences and traditional populations. This article aims to expose the terms of this dispute through the analysis of legal and bureaucratic documents, technical reports of archeology for environmental licensing and a case study: the reclaim of a Mbya Guarani territory in Ponta do Arado (Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). This panorama shows how archaeological science can be constrained by bureaucratic and legal documents, and how political and territorial demands by indigenous groups act against definitions and practices instituted by the state, demonstrating their inconsistencies and violence.
Reactivation of Early-Life Stress-Sensitive Neuronal Ensembles Contributes to Lifelong Stress Hypersensitivity
Authors: Balouek Julie-Anne , Mclain Christabel A. , Minerva Adelaide R. , Rashford Rebekah L. , Bennett Shannon N. , Rogers Forrest D. , Peña Catherine Jensen 
Published: July 2023

Early-life stress (ELS) is one of the strongest lifetime risk factors for depression, anxiety, suicide, and other psychiatric disorders, particularly after facing additional stressful events later in life. Human and animal studies demonstrate that ELS sensitizes individuals to subsequent stress. However, the neurobiological basis of such stress sensitization remains largely unexplored. We hypothesized that ELS-induced stress sensitization would be detectable at the level of neuronal ensembles, such that cells activated by ELS would be more reactive to adult stress. To test this, we leveraged transgenic mice to genetically tag, track, and manipulate experience-activated neurons. We found that in both male and female mice, ELS-activated neurons within the nucleus accumbens (NAc), and to a lesser extent the medial prefrontal cortex, were preferentially reactivated by adult stress. To test whether reactivation of ELS-activated ensembles in the NAc contributes to stress hypersensitivity, we expressed hM4Dis receptor in control or ELS-activated neurons of pups and chemogenetically inhibited their activity during experience of adult stress. Inhibition of ELS-activated NAc neurons, but not control-tagged neurons, ameliorated social avoidance behavior following chronic social defeat stress in males. These data provide evidence that ELS-induced stress hypersensitivity is encoded at the level of corticolimbic neuronal ensembles.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTEarly-life stress enhances sensitivity to stress later in life, yet the mechanisms of such stress sensitization are largely unknown. Here, we show that neuronal ensembles in corticolimbic brain regions remain hypersensitive to stress across the life span, and quieting these ensembles during experience of adult stress rescues stress hypersensitivity.