bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping brain metabolism, connectivity and neurotransmitters topography in early and late onset dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Caminiti Silvia Paola , Galli Alice , Jonghi-Lavarini Lorenzo , Boccalini Cecilia , Nicastro Nicolas , Garibotto Valentina , Perani Daniela 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background:
Early- and late-onset dementia with Lewy bodies (EO-DLB and LO-DLB) are similar in terms of core symptoms. However, LO-DLB presents with more amnestic deficits, while EO-DLB shows a rapid cognitive decline and more severe neuropsychiatric symptoms at onset. A contribution of neurotransmitter dysfunction was suggested but never explored, as a possible factor contributing to the reported clinical differences. By using FDG-PET brain metabolism imaging, we aimed to assess the differences between EO-DLB and LO-DLB regarding brain hypometabolism, related neurotransmitter functional topography, and metabolic connectivity.
Methods:
We included a total of 62 patients, 21 EO-DLB and 41 LO-DLB patients. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) voxel-wise comparison with a validated dataset of healthy controls (N=112) provided brain hypometabolism patterns. A metabolic connectivity analysis assessed whole-brain and resting-state network (RSN) alterations. Furthermore, we used the JuSpace toolbox to evaluate the correlations between neurotransmitter pathways topography and brain hypometabolism.
Results:
Both EO- and LO-DLB groups showed typical bilateral occipito-parieto-frontal hypometabolism. Direct between-group comparison revealed a more severe hypometabolism in posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), precuneus, and occipital cortex for EO-DLB and a more severe hypometabolism in fronto-insular cortices for LO-DLB. Metabolic connectivity analysis showed significant reductions in posterior brain regions in both clinical groups compared to controls, as well as connectivity increases in the EO-DLB only. There were differences in the involvement of temporo-parietal and occipital pathological nodes. Specific RSN vulnerabilities were observed in the executive, default mode and limbic networks for EO-DLB and in the attentional network for LO-DLB.
The spatial association analysis based on the metabolic differences in neurotransmission showed significant correlations with acetylcholine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), serotonin, dopamine maps, and hypometabolism in both EO and LO-DLB groups. Of note, the between-group comparison showed a higher correlation for the EO-DLB in the presynaptic serotonergic system. Overall, this indicates the biochemical involvement of metabolic impairment.
Conclusions:
This metabolic imaging study indicates similarities and differences between EO- and LO-DLB, both in terms of brain hypometabolism, across different neurotransmission networks, and altered connectivity, adding novel biological evidence to the DLB syndromes.
Complexity of Plasmodium falciparum infection and genetic variations associated with differences in parasite clearance time in two Malian villages
Authors: Sissoko Sekou , Kone Aminatou , Dara Antoine , Oboh Mary Aigbiremo , Fofana Bakary , Sangare Cheick O. , Dembele Demba , Haidara Aboubecrine Sedhigh , Diallo Nouhoum , Toure Sekou , Haidara Kadidia , Sanogo Kassim , Doumbo Ogobara K. , Ouattara Amed , Amambua-Ngwa Alfred , Djimde Abdoulaye A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Effective approaches to fight against malaria include disease prevention, an early diagnosis of malaria cases, and rapid management of confirmed cases by treatment with effective antimalarials. Artemisinin-based combination therapies are first-line treatments for uncomplicated malaria in endemic areas. However, cases of resistance to artemisinin have already been described in South-East Asia resulting in prolonged parasite clearance time after treatment. In Mali, though mutations in the K13 gene associated with delayed clearance in Asia are absent, a significant difference in parasite clearance time following treatment with artesunate was observed between two malaria endemic sites, Bougoula-Hameau and Faladje. Hypothetically, differences in complexity of Plasmodium falciparum infections may be accounted for this difference. Hence, the aims of this study were to assess the complexity of infection (COI) and genetic diversity of P. falciparum parasites during malaria treatment in Bougoula-Hameau and Faladje in Mali.
Methods
Thirty (30) patients per village were randomly selected from 221 patients enrolled in a prospective artesunate monotherapy study conducted in Faladje and Bougoula-Hameau in 2016. All parasitemic blood samples of patients from enrollment to last positive slide were retained to assess malaria parasite COI and polymorphisms. DNA were extracted with a Qiagen kit and Pfcsp and Pfama1 encoding gene were amplified by nested PCR and sequenced using the Illumina platform. The parasite clearance time (PCT) was determined using the parasite clearance estimator of Worldwide Antimarial Resistance Network (WWARN). Data were analyzed with R®.
Results
The median number of genetically distinct parasite clones was similar at enrollment, 7 (IQR of 5-9) in Faladje and 6 (IQR of 4-10) in Bougoula-Hameau (p-value = 0.1). On the first day after treatment initiation, the COI was higher in Faladje (6; CI:4-8) than in Bougoula-Hameau (4; CI:4-6) with a p-value =0. 02. Overall, COI was high with higher PCT. Finally, there was a low genetic diversity between Faladje and Bougoula-Hameau
Conclusion
This study demonstrated that the difference in PCT observed between the two villages could be due to differences in the complexity of infection of these two villages.
A Novel Index Measure of Housing-related Risk as a Predictor of Overdose among Young People Who Inject Drugs and Injection Networks
Authors: Kristensen Kathleen , Williams Leslie D. , Kaplan Charlie , Pineros Juliet , Lee Eunhye , Kaufmann Maggie , Mackesy-Amiti Mary-Ellen , Boodram Basmatee 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
For people who inject drugs (PWID), housing instability due to decreasing housing affordability and other factors (e.g., loss of housing due to severed relational ties, evictions due to drug use) results in added pressure on an already vulnerable population. Research has shown that housing instability is associated with overdose risk among PWID. However, the construct of housing instability has often been operationalized as a single dimension (e.g., housing type, homelessness, transience). We propose a multi-dimensional measure of housing instability risk and examine its association with drug overdose to promote a more holistic examination of housing status as a predictor of overdose.
Methods
The baseline data from a network-based, longitudinal study of young PWID and their networks living in metropolitan Chicago, Illinois was analyzed to examine the relationship between a housing instability risk index—consisting of five dichotomous variables assessing housing instability—and lifetime overdose count using negative binomial regression.
Results
We found a significant positive association between the housing instability risk score and lifetime overdose count after adjusting for 12 variables.
Conclusions
Our results support the practical utility of a multi-dimensional measure of housing instability risk in predicting overdose and highlight the importance of taking a holistic approach to addressing housing instability when designing interventions.
Common Data Elements for Disorders of Consciousness: Recommendations from the Working Group on Goals-of-care and Family/Surrogate Decision-Maker Data
Authors: Jaffa Matthew N. , Kirsch Hannah L. , Creutzfeldt Claire J. , Guanci Mary , Hwang David Y. , LeTavec Darlene , Mahanes Dea , Steinberg Alexis , Natarajan Girija , Zahuranec Darin B. , Muehlschlegel Susanne 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Introduction: In order to facilitate comparative research, it is essential for the fields of neurocritical care and rehabilitation to establish common data elements (CDE) for disorders of consciousness (DoC). Our objective was to identify CDEs related to goals-of-care decisions and family/surrogate decision-making for patients with DoC.
Methods: To achieve this, we formed nine CDE working groups as part of the Neurocritical Care Society’s Curing Coma Campaign. Our working group focused on goals-of-care decisions and family/surrogate decision-makers created five subgroups: (1) clinical variables of surrogates, (2) psychological distress of surrogates, (3) decision-making quality, (4) quality of communication, and (5) quality of end-of-life care. Each subgroup searched for existing relevant CDEs in the NIH/CDE catalog and conducted an extensive literature search for additional relevant study instruments to be recommended. We classified each CDE according to the standard definitions of “core,” “basic,” “exploratory,” or “supplemental,” as well as their utility for studying the acute or chronic phase of DoC, or both.
Results: We identified 32 relevant pre-existing NIH CDEs across all subgroups. A total of 34 new instruments were added across all subgroups. Only one CDE was recommended as disease core, the “mode of death” of the patient from the clinical variables subgroup.
Conclusions: Our findings provide valuable CDEs specific to goals-of-care decisions and family/surrogate decision-making for patients with DoC that can be used to standardize studies to generate high-quality and reproducible research in this area.
Thresholdless Laser Based on Photonic Time Crystals
Authors: Xu Ke , Fang Ming , Feng Jian , Liu Chenran , Niu Kaikun , Xie Guoda , Huang Zhixiang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We present an electrodynamic model for thresholdless lasers based on the utilization of photonic time crystals (PTCs). By incorporating the unique physical properties of PTCs and employing a comprehensive four-level system model, we demonstrate the feasibility of achieving thresholdless laser operation. The proposed electrodynamic model captures the intricate interplay between the electromagnetic field and the PTC medium. We account for the ultrafast periodic variations in the refractive index of the PTCs, which are a result of their time crystal-like behavior. The model considers the dynamic response of the four-level system, taking into account the population inversion and relaxation processes. Through our electrodynamic modeling, we elucidate the underlying mechanisms that enable thresholdless laser operation in PTC-based systems. We demonstrate that the ultrafast refractive index variations lead to a self-sustaining laser action, eliminating the need for a lasing threshold. Moreover, we investigate the influence of various parameters, such as pump power and modulation period, on the laser performance and output characteristics. The electrodynamic model developed in this study provides a comprehensive framework for understanding and designing thresholdless lasers based on photonic time crystals. Our work contributes to the advancement of thresholdless laser technology and paves the way for potential applications in areas such as optical communications, sensing, and quantum photonics.
Panel performance, sensory characterization and consumer preference of Chinese traditional chrysanthemum drink
Authors: Men Long , Bin Liang , Linlin Li , Jie Yang , Wenli Chai , Rui Ge , Di Zhou , Ge Zhan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn China, herbal drinks possess long-standing traditional cultural characteristics cater to consumers' demand for both natural ingredients and functional benefits. So far, the sensory properties of herbal beverages have not been subjected to descriptive analysis. Here, we selected 12 high-selling herbal beverages containing chrysanthemum samples on China's largest online shopping website. A total of 11 sensory descriptors have been associated with the samples, while assessed panel performance and sensory characteristics of samples by PanelCheck software. In addition, using ConsumerCheck to investigate the consumer acceptance of the same samples, applying preference mapping analysis to address the relationship between descriptive and consumer liking date. Box plot and Stacked histogram visualise the distributions of the liking ratings across all consumers for each of the tested products. Preference mapping revealed that the main sensory attributes driving consumers' preferences are fragrant sweet flavour, brillancy, lubrication, sweet taste and overly sweet taste. Thus, this study could guide the development of Chinese traditional chrysanthemum drink. At the same time, the results also provided a simple and open-source software to data statistical method for practitioner without commercial software and programming skills.
Extended interpretation of Keplerian Laws
Authors: Modestino Giuseppina 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The fundamental physical properties as the Keplerian laws come to light naturally by considering the geometric parameters of a two-body system. Following the Kepler’s conception of assigning a crucial role to distance measurements, and introducing a metric in agreement with the speed of light c, correspondences between physical and geometric parameters of the orbits of the planets are discovered. The orbital eccentricity ε expresses β, the ratio between the relative velocity between the two bodies and the velocity of the interaction signal, the speed of light c in the specific case. The direction of β identifies a virtual axis and two angles, θ ω. The first one is the polar angle of the ellipse, the second one is the scattering angle of a body from the its inertial motion. Thus formulated, the ω parameter is compatible with the experimental observation of the advancement of the perihelion in the Mercury orbit, as well as with the result of the calculation according to the Schwarzschild metric and the relative due approximations. Furthermore, the angle functions are linked by a modulated curve. Formulating the gravitational potential with the elliptic parameters, an expression analogous to retarded Lie ́nard-Wiechert potential is obtained.
Cotton Crop Classification Using Multi-Spectral Satellite Images for Soil Behavior Study
Authors: Vankudoth Ramu , S Shiva Prasad 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

This study presents a method for classifying cotton crops using multi-spectral satellite images to study the soil behavior under these crops. The proposed method uses a machine learning approach based on a support vector machine (SVM) to classify the crops in the satellite images. The SVM model is trained on a dataset of multi-spectral satellite images and tested on an independent dataset to evaluate its performance. The study also analyzes the soil behavior under the cotton crops by studying various soil parameters such as moisture content, organic matter, and nutrient levels. The results demonstrate the potential of the proposed method for accurate crop classification and soil behavior analysis.
Serum and Tissue miRNA Expression Profiles of Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Tuncay Aydin , Pamukcu Ozge , Taheri Serpil , Yilmaz Halis , Narin Nazmi , Zararsiz Gökmen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose:
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is the major complication of the congenital heart diseases with left to right shunt. It is essential to diagnose these patients before developing pulmonary vascular disease. Scientists are in the search of a novel biomarker. In the present study we aimed to determine the miRNA expression profile in blood and heart tissue samples of children having pulmonary hypertension due to congenital heart disease.
Method:
The expression profiles of 384 miRNAs were determined in the blood and the heart tissue samples of the pulmonary hypertensive patients with Congenital heart defects (25 patients) in comparison with the healthy control group (15 patients) by real time PCR method. Tissue samples were taken from their pulmonary artery during surgery. Blood samples were repeated 10 days after surgery.
Results:
Twelve miRNAs miR-124-3p, miR-149-5p,miR-184,miR-200a-3p,miR-203a,miR-204-5p,miR-205-5p,miR-208b,miR-211-5p,miR-488-3p,miR-498,miR-885-5p) were found increased more than 100 times compared to the control. Among these miRNAs, miR-200a-3p, which increased 804 times preoperatively compared to the control group, draws attention. miR-499-5p levels were significantly high in patients with pulmonary arterial pressure<40mmHg. miR-656 was found significantly high in the patients whose PAP>40 mmHg. Expression of 10 miRNAs was decreased in postoperative period. In tissue samples 3 miRNAs (miR-218,miR-146-5p,miR-144-3p) were found significantly high in patients.
Conclusion:
Expression levels of miR-200a-3p, miR-204-5p, and miR-184 increased during the progression of PAH in the blood, and vanished after the surgery. This indicates that these 3miRNAs and their target genes and associated pathways can be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis or follow-up of the disease.
Effect of Vegetational Diversification on the Gene Flow of Natural Enemies in a plum orchard
Authors: ZEPEDA FRANCISCA , Cabrera Nuri , Villegas Cinthya , Lavandero Blas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractVegetational diversification strategies promote positive effects on ecosystem service provision by establishing winter refuges and alternative food resources for natural enemy populations. Cover crops are encouraged as a sustainable practice that can stimulate the early recruitment of natural enemies. However, evidence of the dispersion of natural enemies between added vegetation habitats and target crops within orchards is missing in the literature. Here, we study the genetic populational diversity and its structure of a plum aphid parasitoid using novel microsatellite markers designed specifically forAphidius platensis.Weseek to understand the genetic structure and gene flow of the parasitoid wasps to understand whether parasitoid wasps are able to shift between alternative and target aphid hosts (winter vs. spring hosts) developing on winter oat cover crops, spontaneous vegetation, and the target plum trees in an organic orchard system. Our results supported aspects of our hypotheses by providing evidence that added habitat diversity, through a cereal cover crop, can act as banker plants of parasitoid populations for the dispersion of migrants within a fruit orchard, which could favor suppression efficiency of orchard pests, as well as enable the population persistence of parasitoids.
Terrorism and Tax Revenues in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: AZENG Therese Felicitee , MOUDJARE HELGATH Bybert 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to establish the effect of terrorism on the fiscal performance of Sub-Saharan African countries, through the mobilization of tax revenues. Considering 15 countries over the period 1996-2015 and using a fixed-effect model, the results show that terrorism has a negative effect on the mobilization of tax revenues. The discretionary power of the State is thus strengthened as terrorist threat puts the State in wartime posture. As such, radical measures can be envisaged, such as the redefinition of national priorities and a reallocation of national resources to the fight against terrorism.
Codes JEL: E62; H2; C32; H51.
A Systematic Review on the Relationship Between Socioeconomic Conditions and Emotional Disorder Symptoms During Covid-19: Unearthing the Potential Role of Economic Concerns and Financial Strain
Authors: Chan Jee Kei , Marzuki Aleya A. , Vafa Samira , Thanaraju Arjun , Yap Jie , Chan Xiou Wen , Harris Hanis Atasha , Todi Khushi , Schaefer Alexandre 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Covid-19 has disrupted the lives of many and resulted in high prevalence rates of mental disorders. Despite a vast amount of research into the social determinants of mental health during Covid-19, little is known about whether the results are consistent with the social gradient in mental health. Here we report a systematic review of studies that investigated how SEC indicators, such as education and income, predict emotional health (depression and anxiety) risk during the pandemic. Furthermore, we examined which classes of SEC indicators would best predict symptoms of emotional disorders.
Methods
Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted search over six databases, including Scopus, PubMed, etc., between November 4, 2021 and November 11, 2021 for studies that investigated how SEC indicators predict emotional health risks during Covid-19, after obtaining approval from PROSPERO (ID: CRD42021288508). Using Covidence as the platform, 362 articles (324 cross-sectional/repeated cross-sectional and 38 longitudinal) were included in this review according to the eligibility criteria. We categorized SEC indicators into ‘actual versus perceived’ and ‘static versus fluid’ classes to explore their differential effects on emotional health.
Results
Out of the 1479 SEC indicators used in these 362 studies, our results showed that 43.68% of the SEC indicators showed ‘expected’ results (i.e., higher SEC predicting better emotional health outcomes); 51.86% reported non-significant results and 4.46% reported the reverse. Economic concerns (67.16% expected results) and financial strains (64.16%) emerged as the best predictors while education (26.85%) and living conditions (30.14%) were the worst.
Conclusions
This review summarizes how different SEC indicators influenced emotional health risks across 98 countries, with a total of 5,677,007 participants, ranging from high to low-income countries. Our findings showed that not all SEC indicators were strongly predictive of emotional health risks. In fact, over half of the SEC indicators studied showed a null effect. We found that perceived and fluid SEC indicators, particularly economic concerns and financial strain could best predict depressive and anxiety symptoms. These findings have implications for policymakers to further understand how different SEC classes affect mental health during a pandemic in order to tackle associated social issues effectively.