bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advantages of zoledronic acid in the therapy of osteoporosis in real clinical practice
Authors: Sivordova L. E. , Polyakova Yu. V. , Papichev E. V. , Akhverdyan Yu. R. , Zavodovskii B. V. 
Published: April 2023

Introduction. The development of osteoporosis (OP) increases healthcare costs and often leads to disability of patients. In this regard, the search for ways to improve the effectiveness of OP treatment is very relevant. Today, there is a wide range of drugs for the effective correction of bone metabolism. However, low patient compliance in real clinical practice significantly reduces the effectiveness of therapy.Aim. To study the effect of patient compliance on the effectiveness of Zoledronic acid and Denosumab in OP in real clinical practice.Materials and methods. Study design: a retrospective analysis of outpatient records of 300 patients with OP, who were prescribed Zoledronic acid or Denosumab in 2019, with a prospective analysis of adherence to therapy for 3 years.Results. It was revealed that 12% of patients did not start pathogenetic therapy for OP (control group). 88% (264 patients) started pathogenetic therapy: of these, 22.33% (67 patients) preferred therapy with Denosumab; 65.67% (197 patients) – Zoledronic acid. After 1 year, therapy with Denosumab 19.4%, Zoledronic acid – 19.29% was discontinued. More than 1 month late with the next injection of the drug: Denosumab – 25.37%, Zoledronic acid – 16.24% of patients. Only 55.22% who received Denosumab and 64.47% who received Zoledronic acid fully complied with the recommendations. Most often, a violation of the schedule of drug administration was observed in patients over 75 years of age, alone, with impaired cognitive status. Discontinuation of therapy with Denosumab or violation of the schedule of its administration led to an increase in the level of bone resorption (C-telopeptide type I collagen (CTX-1)). During therapy with Zoledronic acid, there was no increase in CTX-1. In addition, the cost of course treatment with Zoledronic acid is 2–3 times less than with Denosumab.Conclusion. In real clinical practice, zoledronic acid has clinical and pharmacoeconomic advantages, especially in patients with expected low adherence to OP therapy.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of ketorolac or external use in the complex treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee joints
Authors: Svetlova M. S. 
Published: April 2023

Introduction. The problem of treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) remains relevant due to the high prevalence of the disease, the insecurity of drugs used by patients in the treatment of pain. The knee joints are most often affected. Chronic pain, impaired joint function significantly reduce the quality of life of patients, lead to the destabilization of concomitant diseases. In the complex therapy of OA, local remedies are widely used.Objective. To study the effectiveness of ketorolac for external use (KEU)in the complex therapy of osteoarthritis of the knee joints (OAKJ).Materials and methods. 58 patients with OAKJ of II-III radiological stages were studied. The main group (n = 30) in the complex treatment of the disease used KEU locally for two weeks. In the control group (n = 28), as in the main one, physiotherapy, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were used, KEU was not prescribed.Results. The values of VAS at rest and when walking after a week of treatment significantly differed from the initial values in the main group of patients (p < 0.01 for VAS when walking, p < 0.05 for VAS at rest). The WOMAC pain index was also significantly lower than its initial values (p < 0.01). Positive dynamics of clinical indicators was also observed in the control group, however, there were no significant differences after a week of therapy for both your VAS at rest and the WOMAC function index. The reliability of the differences with the baseline in the main group was maintained after two weeks of observation, and the value of the WOMAC function index was significantly different (p < 0.01). In the control after two weeks of treatment, the values of the severity of pain according to VAS at rest, the index of WOMAC function did not reach significant differences with the baseline. After a week and two weeks of treatment in the main group, positive results were achieved in 17 (56.3%) and 23 (76.6%) patients, respectively. In the control group, positive therapy results were observed in 13 (46.4%) and 18 (64.2%) patients, respectively, at the control periods of observation.Сonclusion. The use of KEU is effective and appropriate in the complex therapy of OAKJ.
Dizziness: efficient approach to treatment and prevention
Authors: Esin R. G. , Khaibullina D. Kh. , Esin O. R. 
Published: April 2023

The article deals with the diagnosis of dizziness as one of the most common reasons for contacting the primary care system. The term “vertigo” refers to the illusory sensation of the rotational movement of objects around the patient or the patient himself. Traditionally, the clinic distinguishes “systemic” and “non-systemic” dizziness. However, the use of these two terms “systemic” (rotational) and “non-systemic” (presyncope, imbalance caused by a violation of the neural mechanisms for maintaining balance and balance of the body and postural phobic) dizziness can make it difficult to diagnose the etiological factor due to the ambiguity of the term “non-systemic”. The most severe and painful for the patient is rotational dizziness. Most often, dizziness is caused by pathological changes in the peripheral part of the vestibular system: vestibular neuronitis, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, Meniere’s disease. Treatment of patients with dizziness involves etiopathogenetic and symptomatic therapy. Important, from a practical point of view, is the relief of rotational dizziness itself, regardless of its etiology. A number of studies have shown the possibility of using the combined drug cinnarizine 20 mg + dimenhydrinate 40 mg in the treatment of peripheral and central vertigo. The effectiveness of therapy for dizziness with the use of a combined drug is due to the fact that one component (cinnarizine) acts mainly on peripheral structures (labyrinth), and the second (dimenhydrinate) – on central (vestibular nuclei and related centers of the brain stem) structures, providing a good vestibulolytic effect . The drug has minimal undesirable effects, which makes it possible to use it in patients of different age groups. In the article, the authors consider the effectiveness of a fixed combination of cinnarizine 20 mg and dimenhydrinate 40 mg for the treatment and prevention of rotational verti go (vertigo) of various etiologies with the analysis of clinical cases.
Post-traumatic stress disorder – from traumatic neurosis to ICD-11: features of diagnosis and selection of therapy
Authors: Vasileva A. V. 
Published: April 2023

PTSD was determined as a stand-alone disorder about 50 years ago, and since then it is considered to be in the focus of attention of the mental health specialists. It’s main clinical features are the set of symptoms of re-experience of the traumatic event in here and now situation. They are defined to be the core symptoms for PTSD diagnostic. Clinical features and disorder course are the subject of wide prospective cohort studies with the use of the standardized psychometric instruments since the 80-s of the last century. In the new ICD-11 mental disorders classification, stress-associated disorders are defined as stand-alone rubric, the core PTSD symptoms are defined, the complex PTSD is proposed as a new diagnosis for the coding of persistent caused by prolonged psychotraumatic experience personality changes, the life-threatening diagnosis and intensive care unit experience were added to the list of PTSD triggers. The PTSD diagnosis is considered to be a challenging clinical task. The connection between symptoms manifestation and extreme traumatic experience should be established, one should take into consideration the existence of possible usually several weeks before symptoms manifestation latent period. It is useful to implement the recommended diagnostic instrument for the diagnosis verification and symptoms dynamic evaluation. The combination of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy is recommended for PTSD treatment, individual approach should be used in case-management. In 2022 WFSBP Task Force on Treatment Guidelines for Anxiety, O and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders have been published, there for the first-time cognitive behavior psychotherapy was determined as highly evidence based PTSD psychotherapeutic method of treatment. In March 2023 ministry of health of the Russian Federation has approved national PTSD clinical guidelines, where recommended medication list has been proposed taking into account the national clinical experience, in particular it includes a wide range of non-benzodiazepine anxiolytics. The article emphasizes the opportunities of their use and presents a clinical vignette where etifoxine is proposed as treatment of choice.
A comparative study of advanced oxidation processes for wastewater treatment
Authors: Kaswan Vipin , Kaur Harpreet 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

This research emphasized the importance of removing organic pollutants from wastewater discharges. In this review, different advanced oxidation processes are discussed. A broad classification of advanced oxidation processes was used for wastewater treatment. An overview of TiO2-based photocatalysis, the Fenton process, and photocatalytic ozonation has been done. The mechanism of different methods has been studied. The advantages and limitations of these processes are also discussed. Various kinds of catalyzed were used in TiO2-based photocatalysis for various categories of organic contaminants, and several factors with crucial effects on TiO2-based photocatalytic degradation were examined. The typical treatment scheme of Fenton's method was reviewed. Also similarly, a review of photocatalytic ozonation: mechanism of the reaction, its applications with different catalysts, and economic aspects of photocatalytic ozonation were done.
An assessment of the artificial modelling elements approach to the pressure-driven analysis of water distribution networks
Authors: Sivakumar P. , Gorev Nikolai B. , Nivedita S. , Suribabu C. R. , Gupta Rajesh , Tanyimboh Tiku T. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
EPANET 2.2 is a newly introduced upgraded version of EPANET 2 that can be used for both pressure-driven analysis (PDA) and demand-driven analysis (DDA) of water distribution networks. Moreover, it has certain limitations concerning the minimum and required pressure head parameters used for PDA, which leads to inaccurate simulation results. Another limitation of the PDA option of EPANET 2.2 is its inability to simultaneously consider pressure-dependent demands with pressure-independent fire demands. In this article, the reason for the spurious convergence is identified, and it is shown that the spurious convergence of EPANET 2.2 can be addressed by extending the energy balance convergence criterion to include the virtual demand links employed in the EPANET 2.2 formulation of PDA. On the other hand, interest in the methods that use artificial modelling elements in EPANET 2 for PDA is increasing rapidly. The implementation of the method presented in this paper (termed the alternative PDA approach) allows an extended period simulation of large networks with complex demand patterns, multiple tanks, reservoirs, pumps, valves, and thousands of pipes. Two benchmark networks and two real-world networks were analysed by both the alternative PDA approach and EPANET 2.2 and the results were compared.
Based on mRNA Sequencing Techniques to Explore the Molecular
Mechanism of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction for Autoimmune Thyroiditis
Authors: Liu Ziyu , Song Nan , Li Mingshan , Wang Zhimin , Cao Huimin , Gao Tianshu , Yang Xiao 
Published: April 2023

Objective:
Autoimmune diseases (AD) account for a high percentage of the population. One
of the most prevalent is autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT). However, the therapeutic effects of Buzhong Yiqi
(BZYQ) decoction on AIT have not been studied yet. The majority of the present study was conducted
on NOD.H-2h4 mice in an attempt to ascertain the therapeutic effects of BZYQ decoction on AIT.

Methods:
The 0.05% sodium iodide water (NaI)-induced AIT mice model was established. A total
of nine NOD.H-2h4 mice were randomly divided into three groups: the normal group provided with
regular water, the model group drinking freely 0.05% NaI, and the treatment group treated with
BZYQ decoction (9.56 g/kg) after NaI supplementation (NaI + BZYQ). BZYQ decoction was administered
orally once daily for eight weeks. The thyroid histopathology test was used to measure
the severity of lymphocytic infiltration. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was
used to determine the levels of anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and
IL-17. The Illumina HiSeq X sequencing platform was utilized to analyze the thyroid tissue by
mRNA expression profiles. Bioinformatics analysis was used to investigate the biological function
of the differentially expressed mRNAs. In addition, the expression of Carbonyl Reductase 1
(CBR1), 6-Pyruvoyltetrahydropterin Synthase (PTS), Major Histocompatibility Complex, Class II
(H2-EB1), Interleukin 23 Subunit Alpha (IL-23A), Interleukin 6 Receptor (IL-6RA), and Janus Kinase
1 (JAK1) was measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).

Results:
The treatment group exhibited significantly lower rates of thyroiditis and lymphocyte infiltration
compared to the model group. Serum levels of TgAb, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17 were significantly
higher in the model group, but they fell dramatically after BZYQ decoction administration.
According to our results, 495 genes showed differential expression in the model group compared to
the control group. Six hundred twenty-five genes were significantly deregulated in the treatment
group compared to the model group. Bioinformatic analysis showed that most mRNAs were associated
with immune-inflammatory responses and were involved in multiple signaling pathways, including
folate biosynthesis and the Th17 cell differentiation pathway. CBR1, PTS, H2-EB1, IL-
23A, IL-6RA and JAK1 mRNA participated in folate biosynthesis and the Th17 cell differentiation
pathway. The qRT-PCR analysis confirmed that the above mRNAs were regulated in the model
group compared to the treatment group

Conclusion:
The results of this investigation have revealed novel insights into the molecular
mechanism of action of BZYQ decoction against AIT. The mechanism may be partially attributed
to the regulation of mRNA expression and pathways.
Sodium New Houttuyfonate Effectively Improves Phagocytosis and Inhibits
the Excessive Release of Inflammatory Factors by Repressing
TLR4/NF-Кb Pathway in Macrophages
Authors: He Xiaomei , Hu Mengxue , Song Cheng , Ni Mengru , Liu Longyun , Chen Cunwu , Wu Daqiang 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Sodium new houttuyfonate (SNH) is an adduct of houttuyfonate, which is
the main component of the common Chinese medicinal plant Houttuynia cordata. SNH has been
widely used in antibacterial and anti-inflammatory treatments in clinics. However, the exact antimicrobial
mechanism of SNH is still unclear, despite its mild direct antimicrobial activity in vitro.

Objectives:
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect and possible mechanism of SNH on
macrophages against bacteria in vitro.

Methods:
In this study, we assessed the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of SNH on the
RAW264.7 macrophage cell line against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a major opportunistic pathogen.

Results:
Firstly, we found that SNH showed minimal toxicity on RAW264.7 macrophages. Secondly,
our results indicated that SNH effectively inhibited the inflammatory reaction of macrophages
stimulated by P. aeruginosa. We also found that SNH improved the phagocytosis and killing effect
of RAW264.7 macrophages against P. aeruginosa in vitro. Furthermore, our results revealed that
SNH effectively inhibited the expression of the TLR4/NF-кB pathway in macrophage RAW264.7
co-incubated with P. aeruginosa in vitro.

Conclusion:
Based on our findings, SNH can significantly improve the phagocytosis of macrophages
and inhibit the excessive release of inflammatory factors by repressing the TLR4/NF-кB
pathway.
An Update on Autophagy as a Target in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s
Disease
Authors: Sose Parnika Mohan , Doshi Gaurav Mahesh , Kale Pravin Popatrao 
Published: April 2023

Abstract:
Proteostasis is crucial for the maintenance and proper operation of cells. Under typical
circumstances, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and the autophagy-lysosome pathway are
used to clean out undesired, damaged, misfolded, or aggregated proteins. Any dysregulation in the
above-mentioned pathways leads to neurodegeneration. One of the most renowned neurodegenerative
disorders is AD. This condition is more prevalent in senior people and is frequently linked to
dementia, progressive memory loss, and cognitive function decline, which further contributes to
cholinergic neuron degradation and synaptic plasticity loss. Extracellular accumulation of amyloid
beta plaques and the intraneuronal deposition of misfolded neurofibrillary tangles are two prime
pathological reasons for AD. At present, there is no treatment for AD. All that remains available is
the symptomatic treatment of this disease. Autophagy is the major mechanism by which the cells
degrade the protein aggregates. Deposited immature autophagic vacuoles (AVs) in AD brains
suggest interruption of a person's normal autophagy process. This review has briefly covered various
forms and mechanisms of autophagy. Furthermore, the discussion in the article is supported by
different ways and mechanisms via which autophagy can be stimulated in a beneficial way and can
emerge as a novel target in the treatment of various metabolic CNS related disorders. In the current
review article, the mTOR-dependent ones are PI3K/Akt/TSC/mTOR, AMPK/TSC/mTOR, and
Rag/mTOR pathways and mTOR-independent ones which include Ca2+/calpain, inositol-dependent,
cAMP/EPAC/PLC, and JNK1/Beclin-1/PI3K pathways have been discussed in details. The article
sheds light on drugs which are validated with details in tabular form from recent updates in
clinical trials.
Probiotics as a Therapeutic Approach in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Rahmani Nafiseh , Pourali Ghazaleh , Hosseini Nayyerehalsadat , Fiuji Hamid , Maftooh Mina , Hassanian Seyed Mahdi , Ferns Gordon A , Khazaei Majid , Avan Amir 
Published: April 2023

Abstract:
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a growing concern worldwide. In recent decades, the incidence
of CRC has increased, and this has been attributed to changes in lifestyle. The lack of physical activity,
smoking habits, and a diet high in red meat and fat and low in fiber are important aspects of these
deleterious changes in lifestyle. The increase in the incidence of CRC has impelled researchers to investigate
methods for preventing and treating CRC with greater efficacy and fewer complications.
Probiotics are an attractive and potentially promising therapeutic approach. They have been evaluated
by a large number of preclinical and clinical studies in recent years, and it has been found that they
can play a role in the prevention, treatment, and management of complications of CRC. This review
provides a concise summary of the mechanisms of action of probiotics. Furthermore, it focuses on the
results of clinical and preclinical studies that evaluated probiotics' effects on CRC management. It also
discusses the effects of different strains of probiotics and their combination in CRC treatment.
Synthesis of Fused Heterocyclic Compounds by Using Formamide Derivatives as C1 Source in the Presence of Mukaiyama Reagent as the Catalyst
Authors: Ghonchepour Ehsan , Islami Mohammad Reza , Nejadshafiee Vajihe 
Published: April 2023

Abstract:An efficient one-pot synthesis of the benzimidazoles and benzothiazole has been developed from the reaction between 1,2 phenylenediamine and 2-aminothiophenol compounds via DMF and DEF as C1 source in the presence of Mukaiyama Reagent (CMPI) as a new organocatalyst. This method was designed based on the principle of green chemistry to avoid the use of any expensive and toxic transition-metal catalyst. All products were known and characterized by FT-IR, CHNS, 1H and 13C NMR data, and also were compared with their physical data with those reported in the literature.
Emerging Heterocyclic Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors for
the Management of Cancer: A Chemical Review
Authors: Likhar Rupali , Deshpande Amey , Khan Tabassum , Prabhu Arati 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
The Epidermal growth factor receptor is a transmembrane glycoprotein that
belongs to the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase receptors, which includes four EGFR members ErbB1
(HER1/ErbB1), ErbB2 (HER2/neu), ErbB3 (HER3), and ErbB4 (HER4).

Method:
Amplification of EGFR corresponds to tyrosine kinase autophosphorylation that activates a
downstream signalling pathway involved in regulating tumorigenesis, differentiation, and preservation.

Result:
In cancer treatment, inhibition of EGFR is essential; therefore, potential EGFR inhibitors are
required. Previously approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as erlotinib, lapatinib, and gefitinib and
heterocyclic compounds such as pyrimidine, quinazolines, isoquinoline, purine, pyrazole, benzothiazole,
imidazole, have received a lot of attention in cancer treatment due to their EGFR inhibition activity.

Conclusion:
This review focuses on the diverse categories of synthetic entities compounds that were
reported as potential EGFR and EGFR/ErbB-2 dual inhibitors. Furthermore, it will provide inexorable
scope for investigators to design and synthesize potent EGFR inhibitors.
The Effects of Trigonella Foenum-graecum L. on Post-surgical Adhesion
Band Formation
Authors: Nazari Seyedeh Elnaz , Khalili-Tanha Nima , Mehrabadi Shima , Mobasheri Leila , Naimi Hamideh , khojasteh-Leylakoohi Fatemeh , Dashtiahangar Mohammad , Fiuji Hamid , Shahri Hassan Mottaghi Moghaddam , Sayyed Hoseinian Sayyed Hadi , Hassanian Seyed Mahdi , Ghorbani Hamid Reza , Aliakbarian Mohsen , Ferns Gordon A , Khazaei Majid , Avan Amir 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Intra-abdominal adhesions are severe complications which occur after abdominal
surgery. Currently, no specific anti-adhesive medications can completely prevent Intra-abdominal adhesion
formation. Therefore, recent studies are exploring new approaches for preventing this complication.
Anti-inflammatory properties of Trigonella Foenum-graecum L. (Fenugreek) have been reported in various
studies. In this experiment, a murine model was used to evaluate the potential anti-adhesive activity
of Fenugreek in vivo.

Objective:
This experiment aimed to examine the anti-adhesive activity of Fenugreek in the prevention of
postsurgical Intra-abdominal adhesions.

Methods:
We have adhered to the ARRIVE guidelines during these experimental studies. After abdominal
surgery, for nine days, Fenugreek (400 mg/kg) was given by gavage to male Wistar rats (n = 6).
Following that, all animals were sacrificed to assess the anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of
Fenugreek using Hematoxylin & eosin staining and Masson’s trichrome staining.

Results:
Our results showed that Fenugreek hydro-alcoholic extract could significantly reduce the adhesion
band formation based on Nair and Leach Scoring system (P < 0.01). The histological assessment also
represented less inflammatory cell infiltration and less collagen deposition in the treatment group than in
the positive control group (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
This study showed that Fenugreek extract could attenuate post-surgical adhesion band formation
by inhibiting pathological responses (Inflammation and fibrosis) following surgery.