bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Ethics and Responsibilities of Social Media Usage by Plastic Surgeons: A Literature Review
Authors: Oregi Paul , Cavale Naveen , Khatib Manaf , Rahman Shakeel M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background and Objectives
Social media has revolutionised how plastic surgeons advertise their work and promote their services, but concerns have been raised regarding the ethics of these practices. This review aims to identify said concerns and develop measures to address them.

Methods
PubMed, Cochrane and Medline were searched for studies assessing the ethics of social media use by plastic surgeons. Five search terms were used and 23 studies identified. Results were catalogued according to which principle of medical ethics was infringed.

Results
Autonomy: Patients must not be coerced into allowing their operative media to be shared and content anonymised by removing identifiable features and scrubbing metadata. Beneficence: It is difficult to balance the benefit to patients of posting photographs for educational purposes with the risk of identifiable features being present, particularly within craniofacial surgery. Non-maleficence: Taking operative media could be a distraction from the patient and lengthen the procedure which could lead to harm. Any content posted on social media should be adapted to avoid trivialisation or sexualisation. Justice: Surgeons should not entertain their audience to increase their following at the expense of patients.

Conclusions
Greater oversight of social media use by plastic surgeons is required to avoid patient harm and tarnishing of the specialty’s professional standing. Professional bodies should be tasked with devising a course dedicated to the responsible use of these platforms. This should ensure the public’s trust in the specialty does not become eroded and patients are not harmed by unethical social media use.

This review highlights the relevant shortfalls of SoMe use by plastic surgery

Several proposals are made to reduce the incidence of these shortfalls and to ensure SoMe is used in a professional and responsible manner

It also lists areas of the specialty where SoMe is underused and could be of help, such as academia

Level of Evidence IV
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors http://www.springer.com/00266.
12Fr-Pigtail Versus 14Fr-Balloon Percutaneous Radiologic Gastrostomy (PRG), Retrospective Evaluation of Outcomes and Complications; A Maastricht University Medical Centre Study
Authors: Dams Glenn , Knapen Robrecht R. M. M. , Korenblik Remon , van Dam Ronald M. , de Haan Michiel W. , van der Leij Christiaan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To retrospectively compare tube and placement related results of a 12Fr-pigtail and a 14Fr-balloon gastrostomy tube.

Materials and Methods
All consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous radiologic gastrostomy (PRG) between January 2016 and June 2020 were enrolled in this retrospective single-center analysis. Follow-up for all patients was 180 days. Mortality after 30 days, technical success, days to first complication within 180 days, reason of unexpected visit (tube, anchor or pain related), and tube specific complications (obstruction, pain, luxation, leakage) were taken as outcome measures. Data were obtained from both PACS software and electronic health records.

Results
A total of 247 patients were enrolled (12Fr-pigtail: n = 139 patients and 14Fr-balloon: n = 108 patients). 30-day mortality was very low in both groups and never procedure related. Technical success was 99% in both groups. The average number of complications within 180 days after initial PRG placement was significantly higher in the 12Fr-pigtail group (12Fr-pigtail: 0.93 vs. 14Fr-balloon: 0.64, p = 0.028). Time to first complication within 180 days was significantly longer in the 14Fr-balloon group (12Fr-pigtail: 29 days vs. 14Fr-balloon: 53 days, p = 0.005). In the 14Fr-balloon group, the rate of tube-related complications (luxation and obstruction) was significantly lower compared to 12Fr-pigtail (29% vs. 45%, p = 0.011).

Conclusion
14Fr-balloon gastrostomy tubes have significantly lower (tube-related) complications rates and longer time to first complication compared to 12Fr-pigtail tubes. No procedure-related mortality was observed in either group. Technical success was very high in both groups.
Level of Evidence Level 3, non-controlled retrospective cohort study.
LIF-based quantification of the species transport during droplet impact onto thin liquid films
Authors: Ennayar Hatim , Brockmann Philipp , Hussong Jeanette 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the present study, laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is used to investigate the mixing process of a droplet impacting onto a thin liquid film. A robust multidimensional calibration procedure is developed enabling the extraction of local instantaneous dye concentrations as well as film heights. A series of validation measurements are conducted confirming a low reconstruction error of$$4.53\%$$4.53%. The impact-induced mixing process is thoroughly investigated across various liquid film thicknesses to examine the propagation of the mixing zone and the instantaneous radial concentration gradients within it. It is shown that the maximum extent of the mixing zone scales inversely proportional with the thickness of the liquid film. Within our experiments, we discover the formation of wall-induced vortex ring instabilities subsequent to impact. The disintegration of vortex rings during droplet impact significantly enhances convection-driven mixing, as quantified by the coefficient of variation.Graphical abstract
Thyroid function and urinary concentrations of iodine, selenium, and arsenic in vegans, lacto-ovo vegetarians and pescatarians
Authors: Henjum Sigrun , Groufh-Jacobsen Synne , Aakre Inger , Gjengedal Elin Lovise Folven , Langfjord Mina Marthinsen , Heen Espen , Sele Veronika , Andersson Maria 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Populations following a plant-based diet may be at particular risk of thyroid dysfunction due to low iodine and selenium intakes. The main purpose was to assess thyroid function and urinary concentration of iodine, selenium, and arsenic, in subjects following a vegan, lacto-ovo vegetarian, or pescatarian diet.

Methods
In Norway, a country without mandatory dietary iodine fortification, 205 adults, following vegan (n = 115), lacto-ovo vegetarian (n = 55) and pescatarian diet (n = 35) were included. Thyroglobulin (Tg), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), and serum anti-TPO (S-anti-TPO) were measured in a venous blood sample and concentrations of iodine (UIC), creatinine (UCC), selenium, and arsenic were measured from single spot urine samples.

Results
Subclinical hypothyroidism (TSH > 4.0 mU/L) was observed in 3% of subjects. The overall median (p25, p75) Tg was 17 (9, 30) µg/L and vegans had higher Tg compared to pescatarians. Vegans not consuming iodine-containing supplements (n = 43) had higher Tg, than supplement users (n = 72), 27 (11, 44) vs. 16 (8, 25) µg/L and higher fT4, 16 (15, 17) vs. 15 (14, 17) pmol/L, respectively. The overall median UIC was 57 (28, 130) µg/L, all dietary groups had median UIC below WHO thresholds. Median urinary selenium and arsenic concentration was 13 (6, 22) and 3 (2, 8) µg/L, respectively.

Conclusion
The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was low and fT4 and fT3 were within the normal range for all dietary groups. Vegans had significantly increased Tg compared to pescatarians.
Adherence to interdisciplinary tumor board recommendations as an expression of quality-assured patient care: results of a bicentric German analysis
Authors: Braulke Friederike , Kober Kathrin , Rieken Stefan , Brand Tonia , Hartz Tobias , Seipke Stefanie , Asendorf Thomas , Haier Jörg 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Interdisciplinary tumor boards (ITBs) represent a central part of standard cancer care defining a guidelines-guided treatment plan adapted to the patient’s capabilities, comorbidities and wishes in a multi-professional team. The implementation rate of ITB recommendations can be monitored by structured adherence analyses. But (inter)national definitions how to measure the level of implementation are missing. Here, we present results of 4 years of ITB adherence analyses in a bicentric German Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC).

Methods
Between 2018 and 2021, for at least 1 month, the implementation rate of recommendations of 8 different ITBs of 2 CCC sites was evaluated manually according to harmonized criteria between both sites regarding the degree of implementation of ITB’s recommendations.

Results
In total, 1104 cases were analyzed (65% male, 35% female). Mean distance from patient’s home to the CCC was 57 km (range 0.8–560.6 km). For 949 cases (86%) with known follow-up, the adherence rate was 91.9% (95% CI 0.9; 0.935). In 8.1%, ITB decisions were not implemented due to medical reasons (45.4%), patient’s wish (35.1%) and unknown reasons (19.5%). Logistic regression revealed neither age (OR = 0.998, p = 0.90), nor gender (OR = 0.98, p = 0.92) or the distance from patient’s home to the CCC (OR = 1.001, p = 0.54) were significantly associated with ITB adherence.

Conclusion
ITB adherences analyses can serve as a quality management tool to monitor the implementation rate of ITB recommendations and to stay in contact with practitioners, other hospitals and state cancer registries to share data and resources in accordance with data protection requirements for continuously improvement of quality management and patient care.
Space-time variational material modeling: a new paradigm demonstrated for thermo-mechanically coupled wave propagation, visco-elasticity, elasto-plasticity with hardening, and gradient-enhanced damage
Authors: Junker Philipp , Wick Thomas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe formulate variational material modeling in a space-time context. The starting point is the description of the space-time cylinder and the definition of a thermodynamically consistent Hamilton functional which accounts for all boundary conditions on the cylinder surface. From the mechanical perspective, the Hamilton principle then yields thermo-mechanically coupled models by evaluation of the stationarity conditions for all thermodynamic state variables which are displacements, internal variables, and temperature. Exemplary, we investigate in this contribution elastic wave propagation, visco-elasticity, elasto-plasticity with hardening, and gradient-enhanced damage. Therein, one key novel aspect are initial and end time velocity conditions for the wave equation, replacing classical initial conditions for the displacements and the velocities. The motivation is intensively discussed and illustrated with the help of a prototype numerical simulation. From the mathematical perspective, the space-time formulations are formulated within suitable function spaces and convex sets. The unified presentation merges engineering and applied mathematics due to their mutual interactions. Specifically, the chosen models are of high interest in many state-of-the art developments in modeling and we show the impact of this holistic physical description on space-time Galerkin finite element discretization schemes. Finally, we study a specific discrete realization and show that the resulting system using initial and end time conditions is well-posed.
Surgical treatment of spondylodiscitis in critically ill septic patients
Authors: Al-Afif Shadi , Atallah Oday , Scheinichen Dirk , Palmaers Thomas , Cinibulak Zafer , Rollnik Jens D. , Krauss Joachim K. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Surgical procedures in critically ill patients with spondylodiscitis are challenging and there are several controversies. Here, we present our experience with offering surgical intervention early in critically ill septic patients with spondylodiscitis.

Method
After we introduced a new treatment paradigm offering early but limited surgery, eight patients with spondylodiscitis complicated by severe sepsis and multiple organ failure underwent urgent surgical treatment over a 10-year period. Outcome was assessed according to the Barthel index at 12-month follow-up and at the last available follow-up (mean 89 months).

Results
There were 7 men and 1 woman, with a mean age of 62 years. The preoperative ASA score was 5 in 2 patients, and 4 in 6 patients. Six of them presented with high-grade paresis, and in all of them, spondylodiscitis with intraspinal and/or paravertebral abscesses was evident in MR imaging studies. All patients underwent early surgery (within 24 h after admission). The median time in intensive care was 21 days. Out of the eight patients, seven survived. One year after surgery, five patients had a good outcome (Barthel index: 100 (1); 80 (3); and 70 (1)). At the last follow-up (mean 89 months), 4 patients had a good functional outcome (Barthel index between 60 and 80).

Conclusion
Early surgical treatment in critically ill patients with spondylodiscitis and sepsis may result in rapid control of infection and can provide favorable long-term outcome. A general strategy of performing only limited surgery is a valid option in such patients who have a relatively high risk for surgery.
Machine learning and computational chemistry to improve biochar fertilizers: a review
Authors: Osman Ahmed I. , Zhang Yubing , Lai Zhi Ying , Rashwan Ahmed K. , Farghali Mohamed , Ahmed Ashour A. , Liu Yunfei , Fang Bingbing , Chen Zhonghao , Al-Fatesh Ahmed , Rooney David W. , Yiin Chung Loong , Yap Pow-Seng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTraditional fertilizers are highly inefficient, with a major loss of nutrients and associated pollution. Alternatively, biochar loaded with phosphorous is a sustainable fertilizer that improves soil structure, stores carbon in soils, and provides plant nutrients in the long run, yet most biochars are not optimal because mechanisms ruling biochar properties are poorly known. This issue can be solved by recent developments in machine learning and computational chemistry. Here we review phosphorus-loaded biochar with emphasis on computational chemistry, machine learning, organic acids, drawbacks of classical fertilizers, biochar production, phosphorus loading, and mechanisms of phosphorous release. Modeling techniques allow for deciphering the influence of individual variables on biochar, employing various supervised learning models tailored to different biochar types. Computational chemistry provides knowledge on factors that control phosphorus binding, e.g., the type of phosphorus compound, soil constituents, mineral surfaces, binding motifs, water, solution pH, and redox potential. Phosphorus release from biochar is controlled by coexisting anions, pH, adsorbent dosage, initial phosphorus concentration, and temperature. Pyrolysis temperatures below 600 °C enhance functional group retention, while temperatures below 450 °C increase plant-available phosphorus. Lower pH values promote phosphorus release, while higher pH values hinder it. Physical modifications, such as increasing surface area and pore volume, can maximize the adsorption capacity of phosphorus-loaded biochar. Furthermore, the type of organic acid affects phosphorus release, with low molecular weight organic acids being advantageous for soil utilization. Lastly, biochar-based fertilizers release nutrients 2–4 times slower than conventional fertilizers.
Humans as path-finders for mobile robots using teach-by-showing navigation
Authors: Antonucci Alessandro , Bevilacqua Paolo , Leonardi Stefano , Paolopoli Luigi , Fontanelli Daniele 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOne of the most important barriers towards a widespread use of mobile robots in unstructured, human populated and possibly a-priori unknown work environments is the ability to plan a safe path. In this paper, we propose to delegate this activity to a human operator that walks in front of the robot marking with her/his footsteps the path to be followed. The implementation of this approach requires a high degree of robustness in locating the specific person to be followed (the path-finder). We propose a three phases approach to fulfil this goal: 1. Identification and tracking of the person in the image space, 2. Sensor fusion between camera data and laser sensors, 3. Point interpolation with continuous curvature paths. The approach is described in the paper and extensively validated with experimental results.
Moral Case Deliberation in Dutch Prisons: Experienced Outcomes and the Moral Learning of Prison Staff
Authors: Schaap A. I. , Molewijk A. C. , Stolper M. M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe present a study about an ethics support instrument, Moral Case Deliberation (MCD), which is used to support and further professionalize Dutch prison staff. MCD can facilitate prison staff in dealing with moral dilemmas from practice. We present an embedded mixed-methods study on the experienced outcomes of 16 teams participating in both single and in series of MCD sessions. Prison staff and MCD facilitators completed evaluation forms (n = 871 by staff, and n = 122 by facilitators) after participating in a single MCD session (n = 131). Staff filled out another evaluation form (n = 149) after participating in a series of 10 MCD sessions. Our multilevel quantitative analyses show overall positive outcomes, with significant differences between professional disciplines. Prison staff, e.g., reported a better understanding of the discussed moral dilemma and the related perspectives of colleagues. The qualitative thematic content analysis of the experienced outcomes of single MCD sessions resulted in 8 outcome categories, e.g., improved moral awareness, awareness of responsibilities and limitations in decision-making, and feeling empowered to address issues. The experienced outcomes of MCD provide some insights in the process of fostering moral learning of prison staff; staff gained moral awareness, and improved their perspective-taking and the ability to better control their frustrations and emotions. Further research should focus on studying the impact of MCD on moral decision-making in the day-to-day practice of prison staff and on what the organization can learn from the MCD sessions.
Safe Havens, Machine Learning, and the Sources of Geopolitical Risk: A Forecasting Analysis Using Over a Century of Data
Authors: Gupta Rangan , Karmakar Sayar , Pierdzioch Christian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe use monthly data covering a century-long sample period (1915–2021) to study whether geopolitical risk helps to forecast subsequent gold volatility. We account not only for geopolitical threats and acts, but also for 39 country-specific sources of geopolitical risk. The response of subsequent volatility is heterogeneous across countries and nonlinear. We find that accounting for geopolitical risk at the country level improves forecast accuracy, especially when we use random forests to estimate our forecasting models. As an extension, we report empirical evidence on the predictive value of the country-level sources of geopolitical risk for two other candidate safe-haven assets, oil and silver, over the sample periods 1900–2021 and 1915–2021, respectively. Our results have important implications for the portfolio and risk-management decisions of investors who seek a safe haven in times of heightened geopolitical tensions.
Correlation factors of translanguaging practices on English as a Foreign Language Contexts: the perception of Teachers
Authors: Alrayes Muhammad 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTeaching English in second language contexts seems to have succeeded in implementing only target-language policy allowed during class time. However, the problem persists in teaching English in foreign language contexts where English is not the official and/or first language in those countries. Such situations kept the question unanswered; whether the first language of the target learners should be used during class times in the form oftranslanguagingor not. While few studies have investigated this issue thoroughly; however very a few of them examined in depth analysis from different perspectives such as: how different factors paly various roles on this issue, how those factors correlate to each other, and how they relate to translanguaging in particular. This study investigates the correlations between translanguaging practices in English as a foreign language context during class time from teachers’ perspectives. Correlation, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and regression analyses showed that there was significant correlation between translanguaging practices and other examined independent variables including gender, same background between teachers and learners’ and first language; whereas no significant correlation was found regarding the teaching experience. The study recommends evaluating learners’ levels even if the focus of the study was on teachers’ perceptions for future research.
Seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton in the northern part of Suez Gulf, Egypt
Authors: El-Sheekh Mostafa , Abu-Faddan Mahmoud , Abo-Shady Atef , Nassar Mohamed Zein Alabdein , Labib Wagdy 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate the seasonal variability of phytoplankton in the northern part of the Gulf of Suez (Suez Bay), considering the contribution of physicochemical parameters of bay water in shaping the dynamics, and eutrophication assessment. Water and phytoplankton samples were collected seasonally at nine stations in the Suez Bay during the period from the winter to autumn of 2012. A total of 423 phytoplankton species were identified, comprised mainly of 224 diatoms, 127 dinoflagellates, 33 cyanophytes, 20 chlorophytes, and 9 euglenophytes; the rest of the species (10 species) belong to other six groups. Of these, 28 species were potentially harmful. The total phytoplankton abundance exhibits a significant seasonal variation, with the autumn being the most fertile season, followed by the winter due to the proliferation of diatom species Thalassionema nitzschioides and Proboscia alata f. gracillima, respectively. While the seasonal species richness indicates that the winter attained the highest number of species, followed by summer. Generally, the major diatom genera were Chaetoceros (16 species), Navicula (15 species), Nitzschia (15 species), and Amphora (14 species), while dinoflagellates were principally composed of the genera Protoperidinium (34 species), and Tripos (26 species). Water temperature, pH, salinity, nitrate, and nitrite were the most important explanatory parameters in regard to phytoplankton abundance and chlorophyll a concentration. In addition, the phytoplankton stability exhibited a significant positive relationship with the mean values of dissolved oxygen and biological oxygen demand and the variability of salinity and phosphate, while a negative relationship was observed with ammonia and nitrite and the variability of nitrate. Based on the trophic index (TRIX), the bay water was classified as mesotrophic (moderately polluted) for almost the entire year except in the autumn as it turned eutrophic. The results explored the potential importance of the environmental heterogeneity in the bay as a key structuring mechanism of phytoplankton abundance and biomass, influenced by anthropogenic activities.