bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of clinical risk scores and prediction models to identify pathogenic germline variants in patients with advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Rebhan Katharina , Stelzer Philipp D. , Pradere Benjamin , Rajwa Pawel , Kramer Gero , Hofmann Bernd , Resch Irene , Yurdakul Ozan , Laccone Franco A. , Bujalkova Maria Gerykova , Smogavec Mateja , Tan Yen Y. , Ristl Robin , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Egger Gerda , Hassler Melanie R. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Determining the frequency and distribution of pathogenic germline variants (PGVs) in Austrian prostate cancer (PCa) patients and to assess the accuracy of different clinical risk scores to correctly predict PGVs.

Methods
This cross-sectional study included 313 men with advanced PCa. A comprehensive personal and family history was obtained based on predefined questionnaires. Germline DNA sequencing was performed between 2019 and 2021 irrespective of family history, metastatic or castration status or age at diagnosis. Clinical risk scores for hereditary cancer syndromes were evaluated and a PCa-specific score was developed to assess the presence of PGVs.

Results
PGV presence was associated with metastasis (p = 0.047) and castration resistance (p = 0.011), but not with personal cancer history or with relatives with any type of cancer. Clinical risk scores (Manchester score, PREMM5 score, Amsterdam II criteria or Johns Hopkins criteria) showed low sensitivities (3.3–20%) for assessing the probability of PGV presence. A score specifically designed for PCa patients stratifying patients into low- or high-risk regarding PGV probability, correctly classified all PGV carriers as high-risk, whereas a third of PCa patients without PGVs was classified as low risk of the presence of PGVs.

Conclusion
Application of common clinical risk scores based on family history are not suitable to identify PCa patients with high PGV probabilities. A PCa-specific score stratified PCa patients into low- or high-risk of PGV presence with sufficient accuracy, and germline DNA sequencing may be omitted in patients with a low score. Further studies are needed to evaluate the score.
Maternal BMI changes from the prepregnancy to postpartum period are associated with postpartum cardiometabolic risk factors: a longitudinal study
Authors: Zhang Huafan , Wu Linlin , Wu Xiaoxia , Chen Yixuan , Tian Fu-Ying , Yin Aiqi , Hu Fengqiao , Tong Jianing , Huang Xuna , Wan Yanmei , Niu Jianmin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed at investigating the associations between the total body mass index (BMI) change at 3 or 4 years postpartum compared to the prepregnancy and cardiometabolic risk factors.

Methods
This longitudinal study included 1305 participants. Based on the total postpartum BMI changes, they were divided into < 0 units, 0–1.7 units, and > 1.7 units groups using the interquartile range. Multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the associations.

Results
Compared to the reference group, there was a progressive increase in the βcoefficient (βcoef) of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) of cardiometabolic risk in the following groups: the ‘0–1.7 units’ group with the ‘overweight traj’ [βcoef 0.33; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.22, 0.44)] or the ‘obesity traj’ [0.66; (0.45, 0.88)] and the ‘> 1.7 units’ group with the ‘normal traj’ [0.33; (0.22, 0.44)], the ‘overweight traj’ [0.54; (0.41, 0.67)] or the ‘obesity traj’ [0.97; (0.79, 1.15)]. The same increasing trend of βcoef was also found in DBP, FPG, LDL, WHR, BF%. However, the ‘< 0 units’ group with the ‘low traj’ [0.13; (0.06, 0.21)] and the ‘0–1.7 units’ group with the ‘low traj’ [0.08; (0.03, 0.13)] had higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level than the reference group.

Conclusion
Women with a postpartum BMI gain > 1.7 units are positively associated with cardiometabolic risk factors, especially for those in the ‘obesity traj’ or ‘traj D’. Conversely, women with a postpartum BMI loss > 0 units have negative association with cardiometabolic risk factors, especially for those in the ‘low traj’ or ‘traj B’.
Microvascular anastomotic coupler for venous end-to-side anastomoses in head and neck reconstructive surgery
Authors: Kisser Ulrich , Koepernik Sophie 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The use of coupler devices has become mainstream in microsurgical end-to-end venous anastomoses (EEA) for free flaps in head and neck reconstruction. Reports about end-to-side venous anastomoses (ESA) using a coupler are scarce, though.

Methods
The surgical technique of end-to-side anastomosis using a coupler device is described. End-to-side anastomoses and end-to-end anastomoses with a vascular coupler are compared with respect to postoperative vascular complications.

Results
124 patients were included, 76 with EEA, 48 with ESA. Postoperative venous complications occurred in 5.3% and 2.1%, respectively.

Conclusions
ESA is a valuable alternative to EEA when using a coupler device providing more flexibility to the surgeon.
Tree responses and temperature requirements in two central Italy phenological gardens
Authors: Fornaciari Marco , Marrapodi Silvia , Ruga Luigia , Proietti Chiara , Orlandi Fabio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPlants have always been able to adapt to climate change by reacting through various responses, mainly at the phenological level. The aim of this work is to investigate the behavior of specific tree species located in two phenological gardens in central Italy in relation to the temperature increases recorded in recent years. Specifically, four main phenological phases, BBCH_11, BBCH_19, BBCH_91, and BBCH_65, were monitored during a 14-year time period. The data of the weeks corresponding to the first appearance of each phenological phase and the respective heat accumulations for each species were cross-referenced with the meteorological data recorded by the stations in the two considered areas. Based on average temperature, calculated over reference periods, the species were divided by creating “warm” year groups and “cold” year groups so as to better highlight any differences in the behavior of the same species. In addition, a strong correlation was shown between the maximum temperatures in February and the advances of phenological phases BBCH_11 and BBCH_65. Most of the tree species have shown strong adaptation to climate warming, changing the period of occurrence of the phases themselves.
Phylogenetic, cytogenetic and morphological evidences are critical for recognizing a new genus: Valdesiana, an Iberian intergeneric allopolyploid between Schenkia and Exaculum
Authors: Díaz Lifante Zoila , Escudero Marcial , Andrés Camacho Cristina , García Llamas Carmen , Loureiro Joao , Castro Sílvia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe present taxonomic status of Schenkia elegans, endemism recently described in the Iberian Peninsula, and its relationship with the sympatric and the nearest morphological species Schenkia spicata and Exaculum pusillum is revaluated. Different kinds of evidence based on plant morphology, ploidy estimation by flow cytometry, karyotype characterisation, and phylogenetic data have been analysed. Two maternally inherited plastid DNA regions (trnL intron and trnL-F spacer) and biparentally inherited nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence region (nrDNA ITS) have been used. Comparative multivariate analyses show an intermediate morphology of the S. elegans plants between the other two species studied. Flow cytometry and karyotype analyses in S. elegans point to an allopolyploid origin, with the latter constituted by a mixture of those of the diploids S. spicata and E. pusillum. Phylogenetic analyses based on plastid and nuclear DNA regions cluster S. elegans in two different clades, those of S. spicata and E. pusillum, suggesting a possible hybrid origin of S. elegans between both species, acting as maternal or paternal progenitors. In consequence, taking in consideration the taxonomic relationships among genera (Exaculum, Schenkia and the closely related genus Zeltnera found in America), a monotypic genus Valdesiana gen. nov. is proposed to accommodate the allopolyploid species, combined as V. elegans, for which immediate conservation measures must be evaluated.
Gender differences in non-motor fluctuations in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Donzuso Giulia , Cicero Calogero Edoardo , Vinciguerra Erica , Sergi Rosy , Luca Antonina , Mostile Giovanni , Terravecchia Claudio , Zappia Mario , Nicoletti Alessandra 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNon-motor symptoms (NMS) and Non-motor fluctuations (NMF) in Parkinson’s Disease (PD) are common, involving several domains and affecting quality of life. Aim of the study is to estimate the burden of NMF in PD patients and to evaluate the possible gender effect. PD patients fulfilling the MDS-PD diagnostic criteria attending the “Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Centre” of the University of Catania were evaluated using the Non-Motor Fluctuations Assessment (NoMoFA) Questionnaire. NoMoFA items were also grouped into the following domains: cognitive, mood, sleep/fatigue, dysautonomia, hallucination/perception and miscellaneous domains were identified. One-hundred and twenty-one patients with PD (67 men, 55.4%; mean age 70.2 ± 8.9 years, disease duration 8.3 ± 4.6 years) were evaluated. All PD patients reported at least one NMS, whereas 87 (71.9%) also reported NMF. “Feel sluggish or had low energy levels” (47.2%) along with “Feel excessively sleepy during the day” (40.0%) were the most common NMF reported in the whole sample. The majority of PD patients reported the presence of NMF during the OFF state (79, 65.3%). At multivariate analysis, NMF were positively associated with the female gender (adjusted OR 3.13; 95%CI 1.21–8.11 p-value 0.01). Women with PD had higher NMF scores especially in depression/anxiety, sleep/fatigue and dysautonomia domains. Our study reported the presence of a gender-related pattern in the frequency of NMS and NMF in PD patients, with female gender associated with a higher risk of developing NMF, highlighting the need for personalized treatment strategies when addressing NMF.
Utilizing Electromyographic Video Games Controllers to Improve Outcomes for Prosthesis Users
Authors: McLinden Shea , Smith Peter , Dombrowski Matt , MacDonald Calvin , Lynn Devon , Tran Katherine , Robinson Kelsey , Courbin Dominique , Sparkman John , Manero Albert 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA study was developed for a limb-different accessible video game controller that utilizes an electromyographic sensor to control gameplay actions. Data was collected from 50 college-aged student participants. This biofeedback-based serious game trains users in a virtual capacity, through the visualization of muscle contraction, via the movement of the video game character. The training platform has been developed to accompany the corresponding electromyographic actuated prosthetic arm device, leveraging the same control scheme to enable the translation of hand gesture states. This study evaluated the controller, user interface, and gameplay to identify training improvement outcomes and user satisfaction. Study participants were divided into two cohorts that differed in their intervention between the pre-test and post-test challenge course. Cohort one had a free play environment that encouraged learning through algorithmically generated track patterns and the use of powerups. In contrast, cohort two repeated the challenge mode, which was made up of a course of rings to jump through and focused on targeted muscle discretization via character jump heights correlated to muscle output. Data were collected to develop and validate training methods and identify overall game satisfaction and usability. The results of this study indicated an increase in the user’s ability to be successful based on time on task with the intervention. The study also evaluated the usability and participant experience with the intervention.
Barriers, facilitators, and priority needs related to cancer prevention, control, and research in rural, persistent poverty areas
Authors: Hallgren Emily , Yeary Karen H. K. , DelNero Peter , Johnson-Wells Beverly , Purvis Rachel S. , Moore Ramey , Loveless Stephanie , Shealy Kristen , McElfish Pearl A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify the barriers, facilitators, and priority needs related to cancer prevention, control, and research in persistent poverty areas.

Methods
We conducted three focus groups with 17 providers and staff of primary care clinics serving persistent poverty areas throughout the state of Arkansas.

Results
We identified multiple barriers, facilitators, and priority needs related to cancer prevention and control at primary care clinics serving persistent poverty areas. Barriers included transportation, medical costs, limited providers and service availability, and patient fear/discomfort with cancer topics. Facilitators identified were cancer navigators and community health events/services, and priority needs included patient education, comprehensive workflows, improved communication, and integration of cancer navigators into healthcare teams. Barriers to cancer-related research were lack of provider/staff time, patient uncertainty/skepticism, patient health literacy, and provider skepticism/concerns regarding patient burden. Research facilitators included better informing providers/staff about research studies and leveraging navigators as a bridge between clinic and patients.

Conclusion
Our results inform opportunities to adapt and implement evidence-based interventions to improve cancer prevention, control, and research in persistent poverty areas. To improve cancer prevention and control, we recommend locally-informed strategies to mitigate patient barriers, improved patient education efforts, standardized patient navigation workflows, improved integration of cancer navigators into care teams, and leveraging community health events. Dedicated staff time for research, coordination of research and clinical activities, and educating providers/staff about research studies could improve cancer-related research activities in persistent poverty areas.
Vitamin D status during and after treatment and ovarian cancer survival
Authors: Ross Tanya L. , Neale Rachel E. , Na Renhua , Webb Penelope M. ,   for the OPAL Study Group
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Five-year relative survival for ovarian cancer remains below 50%. Strategies to improve outcomes are needed. Higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations [measure of vitamin D status] at and before diagnosis have been associated with longer survival in cancer patients; however, data for ovarian cancer are limited. We aimed to determine if 25(OH)D concentrations during and after primary treatment were associated with ovarian cancer-specific survival.

Methods
We used data from a nationwide prospective cohort study of women with ovarian cancer. Among 886 participants treated with chemotherapy, 700 (79%) had a blood sample collected during (n = 591) and/or after (n = 458) primary treatment. These were tested for 25(OH)D. Clinical and survival data were abstracted from medical records. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between 25(OH)D and ovarian cancer-specific survival.

Results
Mean 25(OH)D concentrations were lower during than after primary treatment (82 and 91 nmol/L, respectively); only 14% and 8% had concentrations below 50 nmol/L during and after primary treatment, respectively. There was no association between 25(OH)D and ovarian cancer-specific survival during five years of follow-up [HR 1.10 (95% CI: 0.76, 1.61) and 0.95 (0.54, 1.68) for the highest vs. lowest quintile during and after treatment, respectively].

Conclusions
We did not observe any association between serum 25(OH)D concentration and ovarian cancer-specific survival. Our results suggest that, in the absence of vitamin D deficiency, vitamin D supplementation to improve ovarian cancer survival is not warranted.
Recent developments of the nanocellulose extraction from water hyacinth: a review
Authors: Smriti Shamima Akter , Haque Abu Naser Md Ahsanul , Khadem Ashfaqul Hoque , Siddiqa Fahmida , Rahman A. N. M. Masudur , Himu Humayra Akhter , Farzana Nawshin , Islam Md. Azharul , Naebe Maryam 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNanocellulose, an exceptional natural material acquired from cellulose, has received tremendous attention over the past decades. This is because of its unique physical characteristics, surface chemistry, functional properties, and biocompatibility. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) are two major types of nanocellulose that have received key interest so far. Nanocellulose is commercially produced from wood-based sources. With the ongoing demand for nanocellulose, agricultural wastes and non-woody plants are getting much consideration as cost-efficient alternatives. Water hyacinth (WH) is an alternative source that has shown great prospects for CNC and CNF fabrication. Nanocellulose from WH is proposed for several interesting applications, such as wet-spun filaments, aerogels, packaging films, battery separators, and water filtration, showing promising results. Studies have shown the nanocellulose achieved from WH has a comparable diameter and crystallinity related to the nanocellulose derived from other agricultural wastes, but lower than nanocellulose extracted from wood. Studies were more inclined towards chemical treatments for CNC extraction and mechanical processes for CNF isolation. This review aims to emphasize identifying the true potential of WH as a nanocellulose resource by critical evaluation of the isolation processes, affecting factors on nanocellulose properties, and the foundation of future research for producing sustainable materials. It was perceived that a lot of possibilities remain unexplored as many advanced techniques are yet not well studied for WH nanocellulose extraction. Further, the advantage of being a low-lignin raw material was not properly captured by mapping the more sustainable procedures, which should be a future highlight of WH research.
Graphical abstract
The philosophy of the metaverse
Authors: Chen Melvin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHow might we philosophize about the metaverse? It is traditionally held that the four main branches of philosophy are metaphysics, epistemology, axiology, and logic. In this article, I shall demonstrate how virtual walt-fictionalism, a particular version of virtual irrealism, is able to offer a straightforward, internally consistent, and powerful response about the metaphysics, epistemology, and axiology (ethics) of the metaverse. I will first characterize the metaverse in terms of a reality-virtuality (RV) continuum and distinguish between virtual realism and virtual irrealism, before elaborating on the explanatory power and potential of virtual walt-fictionalism relative to the metaphysics, epistemology, and axiology (ethics) of the metaverse.
Forming Physicians: Evaluating the Opportunities and Benefits of Structured Integration of Humanities and Ethics into Medical Education
Authors: Eno Cassie , Piemonte Nicole , Michalec Barret , Adams Charise Alexander , Budesheim Thomas , Felix Kaitlyn , Hack Jess , Jensen Gail , Leavelle Tracy , Smith James 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper offers a novel, qualitative approach to evaluating the outcomes of integrating humanities and ethics into a newly revised pre-clerkship medical education curriculum. The authors set out to evaluate medical students’ perceptions, learning outcomes, and growth in identity development. Led by a team of interdisciplinary scholars, this qualitative project examines multiple sources of student experience and perception data, including student essays, end-of-year surveys, and semi-structured interviews with students. Data were analyzed using deductive and inductive processes to identify key categories and recurring themes. Results suggest that students not only engaged with the curricular content and met the stated learning objectives but also acknowledged their experience in the humanities and ethics curriculum as an opportunity to reflect, expand their perceptions of medicine (and what it means to be “in” medicine), connect with their classmates, and further cultivate their personal and professional identities. Results of this qualitative study show how and in what ways the ethics and humanities curriculum motivates students past surface-level memorization of factual knowledge and encourages thoughtful analysis and evaluation about how the course material relates to and influences their thinking and how they see themselves as future doctors. The comprehensive qualitative approach reflects a holistic model for evaluating the integration of humanities and ethics into the pre-clerkship medical education curriculum. Future research should examine if this approach provides a protective factor against the demonstrated ethical erosion and empathy decrease during clinical training.
‘Happy Stories’ of Swedish Exceptionalism
Authors: Fingalsson Rebecka , Junkala Hannele 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Sexuality education (SE) takes place in fields of tension where biology, legislation, norms, and values intersect. Drawing on Ahmed’s phenomenological account of whiteness, this article examines how Swedish whiteness is constructed and reproduced within SE. In Sweden, SE is formalised as an overarching, subject-integrated knowledge area where the biology subject plays a crucial role in its delivery. To include a wide spectrum of SE, where both planned and unplanned aspects of teaching are considered, as well as tensions in the content, we have analysed eight semi-structured teacher interviews and five biology textbooks. Our analysis shows how Swedish whiteness is reproduced as a form of institutionalised orientation constructed by norms, social values, people, subject knowledge, policies, and legislation, all intertwined in a complex web. This web places SE, teachers, and pupils in a racial landscape that constructs and reproduces specific forms of Swedish whiteness by assigning each a position in relation to familiarity. This familiarity provides a taken-for-granted starting point in SE, where ‘here’ is constructed as a place of progression, openness, and possibilities for happy future sexual lives, while other places come to stand out as hyper-visible examples of the less familiar, less happy, and ‘far away’. From this outpost, teachers and biology textbooks construct and reproduce Swedish whiteness through ‘happy stories’ of Swedish exceptionalism. Although these positive messages in SE may stem from good intentions, our findings show that a colourblind view of racial hierarchies in the rendering of ‘happy stories, about, for example, gay rights, free abortion, and equality also contributes to reproducing whiteness and reinforcing ideas about race and Swedish exceptionalism in SE.