bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) infection in rhesus macaques, hamsters, and BALB/c mice with severe lung histopathological damage
Authors: Yu Wenhai , Wang Junbin , Yang Yun , Tang Cong , Yang Chengyun , Li Bai , Wang Haixuan , Zhou Yanan , Huang Qing , Yang Hao , Wu Daoju , Luo Zhiwu , Gao Jiahong , Kuang Dexuan , Long Haiting , Peng Xiaozhong , Xie Zhongping , Lu Shuaiyao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSince the first SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreak in late 2019, the SARS‐CoV‐2 genome has harbored multiple mutations, especially spike protein mutations. The currently fast‐spreading Omicron variant that manifests without symptoms or with upper respiratory diseases has been recognized as a serious global public health problem. However, its pathological mechanism is largely unknown. In this work, rhesus macaques, hamsters, and BALB/C mice were employed as animal models to explore the pathogenesis of Omicron (B.1.1.529). Notably, Omicron (B.1.1.529) infected the nasal turbinates, tracheae, bronchi, and lungs of hamsters and BALB/C mice with higher viral loads than in those of rhesus macaques. Severe histopathological damage and inflammatory responses were observed in the lungs of Omicron (B.1.1.529)‐infected animals. In addition, viral replication was found in multiple extrapulmonary organs. Results indicated that hamsters and BALB/c mice are potential animal models for studies on the development of drugs/vaccines and therapies for Omicron (B.1.1.529).
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of long‐term sequelae of COVID‐19 2‐year after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: A call to action for neurological, physical, and psychological sciences
Authors: Rahmati Masoud , Udeh Raphael , Yon Dong Keon , Lee Seung Won , Dolja‐Gore Xenia , McEVoy Mark , Kenna Tony , Jacob Louis , López Sánchez Guillermo F. , Koyanagi Ai , Shin Jae Il , Smith Lee 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLong‐term sequelae conditions of COVID‐19 at least 2‐year following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection are unclear and little is known about their prevalence, longitudinal trajectory, and potential risk factors. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive meta‐analysis of survivors' health‐related consequences and sequelae at 2‐year following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. PubMed/MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and EMBASE were systematically searched up to February 10, 2023. A systematic review and meta‐analysis were performed to calculate the pooled effect size, expressed as event rate (ER) with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) of each outcome. Twelve studies involving 1 289 044 participants from 11 countries were included. A total of 41.7% of COVID‐19 survivors experienced at least one unresolved symptom and 14.1% were unable to return to work at 2‐year after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The most frequent symptoms and investigated findings at 2‐year after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were fatigue (27.4%; 95% CI 17%–40.9%), sleep difficulties (25.1%; 95% CI 22.4%–27.9%), impaired diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (24.6%; 95% CI 10.8%–46.9%), hair loss (10.2%; 95% CI 7.3%–14.2%), and dyspnea (10.1%; 95% CI 4.3%–21.9%). Individuals with severe infection suffered more from anxiety (OR = 1.69, 95% CI 1.17–2.44) and had more impairments in forced vital capacity (OR = 9.70, 95% CI 1.94–48.41), total lung capacity (OR = 3.51, 95% CI 1.77–6.99), and residual volume (OR = 3.35, 95% CI 1.85–6.07) after recovery. Existing evidence suggest that participants with a higher risk of long‐term sequelae were older, mostly female, had pre‐existing medical comorbidities, with more severe status, underwent corticosteroid therapy, and higher inflammation at acute infection. Our findings suggest that 2‐year after recovery from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, 41.7% of survivors still suffer from either neurological, physical, and psychological sequela. These findings indicate that there is an urgent need to preclude persistent or emerging long‐term sequelae and provide intervention strategies to reduce the risk of long COVID.
Outcomes in elderly patients undergoing hepatic resection compared to ablative therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ahmed Fasih A. , Khan Sameer A. , Hafeez Muhammad S. , Jehan Faisal S. , Aziz Hassan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesHepatic resection is an excellent option in the care of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Elderly patients often forego hepatic resection in favor of liver‐directed ablative therapies due to the increased likelihood of adverse postoperative outcomes due to age. We sought to determine long‐term outcomes in patients who underwent hepatic resection compared to liver‐directed ablative therapy in this patient population.MethodsWe queried the National Cancer Database for elderly patients (≥70 years) diagnosed with HCC between 2004 and 2018. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS) computed using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazard regression.ResultsA total of 10 032 patients were included in this analysis. On unadjusted analysis (p < 0.001) as well as multivariable analysis (hazard ratio: 0.65, 95% confidence interval: 0.57–0.73), hepatic resection was associated with improved OS. The protective association between hepatic resection and OS persisted after 1:1 propensity score matching.ConclusionsHepatic resection is associated with improved survival for well‐selected elderly patients with HCC. While age is often thought of as influencing the decision to offer surgery, our study, in combination with others, demonstrates that it should not. Instead, other objective indicators of performance and functional status may be considered.
Environmental controls on density‐based soil organic carbon fractionations in global terrestrial ecosystems
Authors: Sun Xiaolu , Ryan Michael G. , Tang Zuoxin , Wang Bisheng , Fang Quanxiao , Sun Osbert Jianxin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCategorization of soil organic carbon (SOC) into different functional subpools according to their recalcitrance and protective mechanisms helps better understand ecosystems organic carbon (OC) dynamics, and various attempts have been made to explore the suitable experimental fractionation method for such purpose. However, most previous studies neglected the influences of environmental factors on the effectiveness of varying fractionation methods. Density fractionation has shown great promise in elucidating SOC immobilization mechanisms. Here, we compared three varying types of density fractionation methods (density, density + dispersion, and density + other procedures) for categorizing the SOC into three functional pools, that is, active OC (OCactive), moderately stable OC (OCm‐stable), and stable OC, (OCstable) using global data compiled for 95 sites in 31 published studies, and examined the influences of climate (mean annual temperature [MAT] and annual precipitation), vegetation type, and soil properties (soil depth, clay content, and soil type) on SOC fractions determined by the three density fractionation methods. The percentage of OCm‐stable fraction was found to be highest using the density method and lowest using the density + dispersion method, due to differential density ranges between the two methods. At a global scale, the contents of total SOC and its OC fractions decreased with temperature. Precipitation had no apparent influences on the subdivided SOC fractions using either the density + dispersion method or the method of density + other procedures, whereas soil type constrained the effect of precipitation on SOC fractions using the density method. The percentage of OCm‐stable determined by the density + dispersion method was more responsive to MAT and vegetation type than that by the other two methods. The percentage of OCstable determined by the method of density + other procedures was significantly and positively related to the clay content as the OCstable based on this method included small particles. For all the three methods of fractionation, soil type had a greater influence than the clay content on the SOC fractions, especially the OCm‐stable and the OCstable. For soil type characterized by rich metal oxides, both the density method and the method of density + other procedures could be used for SOC fractionation. For soil type rich in nutrients, the density + dispersion method would have higher sensitivity for distinguishing the OCm‐stable.
Banach–Stone theorems for algebras of holomorphic germs on spaces with the approximation property
Authors: Vieira Daniela M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIt is shown that if and are balanced compact determining subsets of separable Banach spaces with the approximation property, then the algebras of holomorphic germs and are topologically algebra isomorphic if, and only if, and (the polynomial convex hulls of K and L) are biholomorphically equivalent.
Fluid–rigid body interaction in a compressible electrically conducting fluid
Authors: Scherz Jan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe consider a system of multiple insulating rigid bodies moving inside of an electrically conducting compressible fluid. In this system, we take into account the interaction of the fluid with the bodies as well as with the electromagnetic fields trespassing both the fluid and the solids. The main result of this paper yields the existence of weak solutions to the system. While the mechanical part of the problem can be dealt with via a classical penalization method, the electromagnetic part requires an approximation by means of a hybrid discrete–continuous in time system: The discrete part of the approximation enables us to handle the solution‐dependent test functions in our variational formulation of the induction equation, whereas the continuous part makes sure that the nonnegativity of the density and subsequently a meaningful energy inequality is preserved in the approximate system.
Analysis of triacylglycerol and phospholipid sn‐positional isomers by liquid chromatographic and mass spectrometric methodologies
Authors: Fabritius Mikael , Yang Baoru 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAnalysis of triacylglycerol (TG) and phospholipid sn‐positional isomers can be divided into two main categories: (a) direct separation by chromatography or other means such as ion mobility mass spectrometry and (b) quantification of regioisomer ratios by structurally informative fragment ions with mass spectrometric methods. Due to long retention times and limited performance, researchers are moving away from direct chromatographic separation of isomers, using mass spectrometry instead. Many established analytical methods are targeting specific isomers of interest instead of untargeted analysis of comprehensive profiles of regioisomers. Challenges remain arising from the large number of isobaric and isomeric lipid species in natural samples, often overlapping chromatographically and sharing structurally informative fragment ions. Further, fragmentation of glycerolipids is influenced by the nature of the attached fatty acids, and the lack of available regiopure standards is still an obstacle for establishing calibration curves required for accurate quantification of regioisomers. Additionally, throughput of many methods is still quite limited. Optimization algorithms and fragmentation models are useful especially for analysis of TG regioisomers, as identification using calibration curves alone without proper separation is difficult with complex samples.
A novel calorimeter for synchrotron produced monochromatic x‐ray beams
Authors: El Gamal Islam , Dessureault Jean , McEwen Malcolm R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundElectron synchrotrons produce x‐ray beams with dose rates orders of magnitude greater than conventional x‐ray tubes and with beam sizes on the order of a few millimeters. These characteristics put severe challenges on current dosimeters to accurately realize absorbed dose or air kerma.PurposeThis work seeks to investigate the suitability of a novel aluminum‐based calorimeter to determine absorbed dose to water with an uncertainty significantly smaller than currently possible with conventional detectors. A lower uncertainty in the determination of absolute dose rate would impact both therapeutic applications of synchrotron‐produced x‐ray beams and research investigations.MethodsA vacuum‐based calorimeter prototype with an aluminum core was built, matching the beam profile of the 140 keV monochromatic x‐ray beam, produced by the Canadian Light Source Biomedical Imaging and Therapy beamline. The choice of material and overall calorimeter design was optimized using FEM thermal modeling software while Monte Carlo radiation transport simulations were used to model the impact of interactions of the radiation beam with the detector components.ResultsCorrections for both the thermal conduction and radiation transport effects were of the order of 3% and the simplicity of the geometry, combined with the monochromatic nature of the incident x‐ray beam, meant that the uncertainty in each correction was ≤0.5%. The calorimeter performance was found to be repeatable over multiple irradiations of 1 Gy at the ± 0.6% level, and no systematic dependence on environmental effects or total dose was observed.ConclusionThe combined standard uncertainty in the determination of absorbed dose to aluminum was estimated to be 0.8%, indicating that absorbed dose to water, the ultimate quantity of interest, could be determined with an uncertainty on the order of 1%. This value is an improvement over current techniques used for synchrotron dosimetry and comparable with the state‐of‐the art for conventional kV x‐ray dosimetry.
Dynamic lung water MRI during exercise stress
Authors: Seemann Felicia , Javed Ahsan , Khan Jaffar M. , Bruce Christopher G. , Chae Rachel , Yildirim Dursun Korel , Potersnak Amanda , Wang Haiyan , Baute Scott , Ramasawmy Rajiv , Lederman Robert J. , Campbell‐Washburn Adrienne E. 
Published: June 2023

PurposeExercise‐induced dyspnea caused by lung water is an early heart failure symptom. Dynamic lung water quantification during exercise is therefore of interest to detect early stage disease. This study developed a time‐resolved 3D MRI method to quantify transient lung water dynamics during rest and exercise stress.MethodsThe method was evaluated in 15 healthy subjects and 2 patients with heart failure imaged in transitions between rest and exercise, and in a porcine model of dynamic extravascular lung water accumulation through mitral regurgitation (n = 5). Time‐resolved images were acquired at 0.55T using a continuous 3D stack‐of‐spirals proton density weighted sequence with 3.5 mm isotropic resolution, and derived using a motion corrected sliding‐window reconstruction with 90‐s temporal resolution in 20‐s increments. A supine MRI‐compatible pedal ergometer was used for exercise. Global and regional lung water density (LWD) and percent change in LWD (ΔLWD) were automatically quantified.ResultsA ΔLWD increase of 3.3 ± 1.5% was achieved in the animals. Healthy subjects developed a ΔLWD of 7.8 ± 5.0% during moderate exercise, peaked at 16 ± 6.8% during vigorous exercise, and remained unchanged over 10 min at rest (−1.4 ± 3.5%, p = 0.18). Regional LWD were higher posteriorly compared the anterior lungs (rest: 33 ± 3.7% vs 20 ± 3.1%, p < 0.0001; peak exercise: 36 ± 5.5% vs 25 ± 4.6%, p < 0.0001). Accumulation rates were slower in patients than healthy subjects (2.0 ± 0.1%/min vs 2.6 ± 0.9%/min, respectively), whereas LWD were similar at rest (28 ± 10% and 28 ± 2.9%) and peak exercise (ΔLWD 17 ± 10% vs 16 ± 6.8%).ConclusionLung water dynamics can be quantified during exercise using continuous 3D MRI and a sliding‐window image reconstruction.
Cellular Exchange Imaging (CEXI): Evaluation of a diffusion model including water exchange in cells using numerical phantoms of permeable spheres
Authors: Gardier Rémy , Villarreal Haro Juan Luis , Canales‐Rodríguez Erick J. , Jelescu Ileana O. , Girard Gabriel , Rafael‐Patiño Jonathan , Thiran Jean‐Philippe 
Published: June 2023

PurposeBiophysical models of diffusion MRI have been developed to characterize microstructure in various tissues, but existing models are not suitable for tissue composed of permeable spherical cells. In this study we introduce Cellular Exchange Imaging (CEXI), a model tailored for permeable spherical cells, and compares its performance to a related Ball & Sphere (BS) model that neglects permeability.MethodsWe generated DW‐MRI signals using Monte‐Carlo simulations with a PGSE sequence in numerical substrates made of spherical cells and their extracellular space for a range of membrane permeability. From these signals, the properties of the substrates were inferred using both BS and CEXI models.ResultsCEXI outperformed the impermeable model by providing more stable estimates cell size and intracellular volume fraction that were diffusion time‐independent. Notably, CEXI accurately estimated the exchange time for low to moderate permeability levels previously reported in other studies (). However, in highly permeable substrates (), the estimated parameters were less stable, particularly the diffusion coefficients.ConclusionThis study highlights the importance of modeling the exchange time to accurately quantify microstructure properties in permeable cellular substrates. Future studies should evaluate CEXI in clinical applications such as lymph nodes, investigate exchange time as a potential biomarker of tumor severity, and develop more appropriate tissue models that account for anisotropic diffusion and highly permeable membranes.
Possible involvement of Interleukin‐17A in the deterioration of prepulse inhibition on acoustic startle response in mice
Authors: Wakabayashi Chisato , Kunugi Hiroshi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimProinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and IL‐17A have been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia which often shows sensorimotor gating abnormalities. This study aimed to examine whether a proinflammatory cytokine, IL‐17A, induces impairment in sensorimotor gating in mice. We also examined whether IL‐17A administration affects GSK3α/β protein level or phosphorylation in the striatum.MethodsRecombinant mouse IL‐17A (low‐dose: 0.5 ng/mL and high‐dose: 50 ng/mL with 10 μL/g mouse body weight, respectively) or vehicle was intraperitoneally administered into C57BL/6 male mice 10 times in 3 weeks (sub‐chronic administration). Prepulse inhibition test using acoustic startle stimulus was conducted 4 weeks after the final IL‐17A administration. We evaluated the effect of IL‐17A administration on protein level or phosphorylation of GSK3α/β in the striatum by using Western blot analysis.ResultsAdministration of IL‐17A induced significant PPI deterioration. Low‐dose of IL‐17A administration significantly decreased both GSK3α (Ser21) and GSK3β (Ser9) phosphorylation in mouse striatum. There was no significant alteration of GSK3α/β protein levels except for GSK3α in low‐dose IL‐17A administration group.ConclusionWe demonstrated for the first time that sub‐chronic IL‐17A administration induced PPI disruption and that IL‐17A administration resulted in decreased phosphorylation of GSKα/β at the striatum. These results suggest that IL‐17A could be a target molecule in the prevention and treatment of sensorimotor gating abnormalities observed in schizophrenia.
Optimum control of under‐grate pressure of clinker cooler by optimizing the proportional integral derivative controller parameters using honey badger algorithm technique
Authors: Brijet Z. , Suresh T. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe minimum air pressure necessary at the grate to penetrate a bed of heated clinker of a certain thickness and permeability is known as under‐grate pressure. It is vital to keep the under‐grate pressure consistent because excessive pressure causes the clinker to form an unstable suspension and minimum pressure allows heat from the clinker to harm the cooler grates. So it is necessary to obtain excellent performance through reasonable control methods. For this purpose, this article proposes an optimization approach for a proportional integral derivative (PID) controller to control the pressure below the grate of the clinker cooler. The proposed optimization approach is the honey badger algorithm (HBA), which mimics the feeding habits of honey badgers. The main aim of proposed approach is to maintain and regulate under‐grate pressure of clinker cooler using HBA and provide optimum cooling rate to clinker. The proposed approach based grate cooler also provide the less electricity consumption and stable temperature. The proposed technique is implemented in MATLAB and its efficiency is compared to various existing techniques. From the simulation, the electricity consumption of proposed approach RMSE is 158 and mean accuracy is 98.65. Under‐grate pressure based RMSE is 5.01 and the mean accuracy become 99.55. The outlet temperature based RMSE of proposed approach is 4.32 and mean accuracy is 81.21. These values are lower than existing approaches, it reveals the proposed approach is better than the existing one.
Balance Disorder Trends in US Adults 2008‐2016: Epidemiology and Functional Impact
Authors: Mitchell Margaret B. , Bhattacharyya Neil 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify the changes in prevalence and impact of dizziness and balance disorders in adults from 2008 to 2016.Study DesignEpidemiological survey analysis.SettingUnited States.MethodsThe balance modules of the adult 2008 and 2016 National Health Interview Surveys were examined, and persons reporting dizziness or balance problems identified. The prevalence of balance problems was determined and compared over time, adjusting for age and sex. Among those with balance problems, associated symptoms and self‐reported functional limitations were quantified and compared over time.ResultsIn 2016, 36.8 ± 1.0 million (15.5% ± 0.3%) adults reported a balance problem in the past year, versus 24.2 ± 0.7 million (11.% ± 0.3%) in 2008 (p < .001). After adjustment for age and sex, this percentage increase remained significant (odds ratio 1.435 [1.332‐1.546], p < .001). Among those with balance problems, significantly more patients reported specific issues with feeling: off‐balance (69.4% vs. 65.4%; p = .005), faint (48.5% vs. 40.3%; p < .001), or vertiginous (45.9% vs. 39.3%; p < .001) in 2016 than 2008. More adults experienced anxiety (29.4% vs. 19.4%; p < .001) and depression (16.3% vs. 12.9%; p = .002) with their balance problems in 2016 than in 2008. In 2016, adults with balance problems were limited in ability to drive motor vehicles (13.0%), exercise (14.4%), or walk downstairs (12.8%). These rates were not significantly different from 2008 (all p > .05).ConclusionIn this nationally representative analysis, we found a significantly increasing prevalence of balance problems and associated psychiatric symptom burden. This merits attention with respect to present and future health care resource allocation.