bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pedo‐climatic approach towards soil health assessment: Soil texture‐specific scoring curves on arable land in Norway
Authors: Bøe Frederik , Stolte Jannes , van Schaik Loes , Ritsema Coen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSoil health assessments that integrate physical, chemical and biological indicators help the evaluation of soil functioning, provide a framework for monitoring soil degradation, guide land management activities and secure the delivery of soil ecosystem services. In this study, we assessed soil health by soil texture class on arable land in Southeast Norway and mid‐Norway and between grassland and arable land in mid‐Norway. We used descriptive statistics and the Welch t‐test with unequal variance and Bonferroni corrections to compare a physical soil indicator (bulk density) and chemical indicators (organic matter, P‐AL, K‐AL, Ca‐AL, Mg‐AL, Na‐AL and pH). We developed scoring curves from cumulative normal distribution functions on regional soil data for various soil indicators where climate, soil texture class and land use were considered. Our results show that for certain soil texture classes, average soil indicator values differed between pedo‐climatic zones on arable land, but for others the difference was not significant. The variability between the pedo‐climatic zones for these can be neglected, but for the ones that differ, the variability is important to consider when assessing soil health. Similarly, this was the case when comparing land use (grassland and arable land) for most soil indicators in mid‐Norway. This finding illustrates the importance of addressing unique local conditions in soil health assessments. We propose aggregating similar soil texture classes where no differences are apparent when developing scoring curves. The sub‐optimal levels of plant available nutrients (P‐AL and K‐AL) found in the soil in both pedo‐climatic zones highlights the importance of suitable threshold values for targeted soil ecosystem services to ensure soil health and sustainable agricultural production. We also recommend prioritizing the most relevant soil ecosystem services to limit the number of soil indicators that need monitoring.
Shelter and dwelling: A pandemic response to houselessness and community‐engaged pedagogy in theological education
Authors: Jérémie‐Brink Nathan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCreated during the height of the COVID‐19 pandemic, the Shelter Project brought together a denominational seminary, a leading state research university, a community arts organization, and a housing non‐profit serving unhoused and vulnerable neighbors. As the pandemic revealed and intensified the ongoing crisis of houselessness in central New Jersey and across the United States, this project, funded by the Henry Luce Foundation, provided direct housing services, preserved the stories of unhoused and vulnerable neighbors, and offered public arts interventions promoting engagement and advocacy. This article reflects on the Shelter Project's collaborative community engagement, demonstrates how oral histories and public arts developed a project‐informed pedagogy, and argues for more projects that employ community‐engaged scholarship in theological higher education.
The Design of a Virtual Prototyping System for Authoring Interactive Virtual Reality Environments From Real-World Scans
Authors: Ipsita Ananya , Duan Runlin , Li Hao , Chidambaram Subramanian , Cao Yuanzhi , Liu Min , Quinn Alex , Ramani Karthik 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Domain users (DUs) with a knowledge base in specialized fields are frequently excluded from authoring virtual reality (VR)-based applications in corresponding fields. This is largely due to the requirement of VR programming expertise needed to author these applications. To address this concern, we developed VRFromX, a system workflow design to make the virtual content creation process accessible to DUs irrespective of their programming skills and experience. VRFromX provides an in situ process of content creation in VR that (a) allows users to select regions of interest in scanned point clouds or sketch in mid-air using a brush tool to retrieve virtual models and (b) then attach behavioral properties to those objects. Using a welding use case, we performed a usability evaluation of VRFromX with 20 DUs from which 12 were novices in VR programming. Study results indicated positive user ratings for the system features with no significant differences across users with or without VR programming expertise. Based on the qualitative feedback, we also implemented two other use cases to demonstrate potential applications. We envision that the solution can facilitate the adoption of the immersive technology to create meaningful virtual environments.
Complete genome of a 2014 isolate of peste des petits ruminants virus from Ethiopia
Authors: King Simon , Baron Michael D. , Kidane Menbere , Aklilu Fasil , Kapur Vivek , Herzog Catherine M. , Batten Carrie 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
This report describes the complete genome sequence of a peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) isolate from Ethiopia in 2014. The strain (PPRV/Ethiopia/Habru/2014), which showed a normal virulence and relatively low morbidity in the field, belongs to the North African subclade of Lineage IV.
Resilience in children with congenital heart disease: a comparative study with health counterparts
Authors: Köble Katharina , Willinger Laura , Brudy Leon , Oberhoffer-Fritz Renate , Ewert Peter , Müller Jan 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveResilience is a complex, yet rather unexplored topic in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). The goal of this study was to assess and compare resilience in children with CHD with healthy controls during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design and patientsFrom June 2020 to June 2021, 124 children with various CHDs (14.6±2.1 years, 49 girls) and 124 matched healthy controls (14.8±2.0 years, 49 girls) completed the Resilience Scale-11 short version.ResultsResilience was significantly reduced in children with CHD compared with healthy controls (CHD: 59.0±10.0 vs healthy controls: 64.4±6.5, p<0.001). That reduction was prominent in all CHD subgroups except those with left heart obstruction (aortic stenosis and coarctation of the aorta) and patients with transposition of the great arteries. Complex CHD had the lowest resilience of 57.6±8.4 (p<0.001) after adjusting for age and sex according to group differences. There was no difference between native CHD and CHD with open-heart surgery (native: 59.5±12.2 vs surgery: 58.8±9.3, p=0.758).ConclusionsResilience was reduced in children and adolescents with CHD compared with healthy peers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Children with complex severity appeared to be particularly affected. These findings emphasise continued efforts to provide a holistic and multidisciplinary approach in medical aftercare of these patients and their families.
Time to be more efficient: reducing wasted transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) diagnostic appointment slots at Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Trust
Authors: Freitas Dario , Alner Sam , Demetrescu Camelia , Antonacci Grazia , Proudlove Nathan 
Published: July 2023

Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is one of the most requested non-invasive cardiac imaging diagnostic modalities available in the National Health Service (NHS). There is persistently high demand, but nationally, activity has lagged, producing increasing numbers of breaches of the 6-week waiting time target. This delays patients’ diagnosis and treatment.Patients attend hospital for TTE either as a clinic-linked or a standalone appointment. In this quality improvement project, we identified that the clinic-linked slots were a major source of wasted capacity due to both unbooked slots and a high rate of patients not attending their appointments (DNA).DNA is a complex issue, aggravated in our trust by many IT systems, complex clinic-booking pathways and restricted patient communication channels. We parked changing these processes, pending an imminent, unifying IT development programme. We focused instead on unused clinic-linked appointments, with the goal of reducing these from 18% (~31 of ~175 allocated each week) to 5% by the end of the 14 week project period.In close collaboration with service stakeholders, we identified that the primary root causes were related to the clinic-linked TTE booking pathway. The change idea was a 7-day rule: after reminders at 9 and 8 days prior to the clinic date, any appointment slots still unbooked by cardiology sub-specialities for patients attending clinic-linked appointments at 7 days, would be used for booking standalone TTE patients.We refined this process over two plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles, reducing unused (wasted) appointment slots, allocated initially to clinic-linked patients, to a sustained level of 5.1%, meaning we could now perform approximately 21 additional TTE tests weekly; we have materially increased activity without increasing capacity.This contributed to a significant reduction in 6-week TTE waiting-time breaches. Over the project, this went from 378 (30%, February 2022) to 71 (8%, September 2022) and latest data show 28 (4%, February 2023).
Efficacy and safety of an inhaled pan-Janus kinase inhibitor, nezulcitinib, in hospitalised patients with COVID-19: results from a phase 2 clinical trial
Authors: Belperio John , Nguyen Tuan , Lombardi David A , Bogus Maxim , Moskalenko Valentyn , Singh Dave , Haumann Brett , Bourdet David L , Kaufman Elad , Pfeifer Nathan D , Thompson Corbin G , Woo Jacky , Moran Edmund J , Saggar Rajeev 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundThe inhaled lung-selective pan-Janus kinase inhibitor nezulcitinib had favourable safety and potential efficacy signals in part 1 of a phase 2 trial in patients with severe COVID-19, supporting progression to part 2.MethodsPart 2 was a randomised, double-blind phase 2 study (NCT04402866). Hospitalised patients aged 18–80 years with confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 requiring supplemental oxygen (excluding baseline invasive mechanical ventilation) were randomised 1:1 to nebulised nezulcitinib 3 mg or placebo for up to 7 days with background standard-of-care therapy (including corticosteroids). Efficacy endpoints included respiratory failure-free (RFF) days through day 28 as the primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints included safety and change from baseline oxygen saturation (SaO2)/fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) ratio on day 7, and 28-day mortality rate was a prespecified exploratory endpoint.ResultsBetween June 2020 and April 2021, 205 patients were treated (nezulcitinib, 103; placebo, 102). There was no statistically significant difference between nezulcitinib versus placebo in the primary endpoint (RFF days; median, 21.0 vs 21.0; p=0.6137) or secondary efficacy endpoints. Nezulcitinib was generally well tolerated with a favourable safety profile.ConclusionsAlthough the prespecified primary, secondary and exploratory efficacy endpoints, including RFF through day 28, change from baseline SaO2/FiO2 ratio on day 7, and 28-day mortality rate, were not met, nezulcitinib was generally well tolerated and had a favourable safety profile. Further studies are required to determine if treatment with nezulcitinib confers clinical benefit in specific inflammatory biomarker-defined populations of patients with COVID-19.
Rapid glucocorticoid tapering regimen in patients with giant cell arteritis: a single centre cohort study
Authors: Mensch Noemi , Hemmig Andrea Katharina , Aschwanden Markus , Imfeld Stephan , Stegert Mihaela , Recher Mike , Staub Daniel , Kyburz Diego , Berger Christoph T , Daikeler Thomas 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesWe evaluated the feasibility of a rapid glucocorticoid tapering regimen to reduce glucocorticoid exposure in patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA) treated with glucocorticoids only.MethodsNewly diagnosed patients with GCA treated with a planned 26-week glucocorticoid tapering regimen at the University Hospital Basel were included. Data on relapses, cumulative steroid doses (CSD) and therapy-related adverse effects were collected from patients’ records.ResultsOf 47 patients (64% women, median age 72 years), 32 patients (68%) had relapsed. Most relapses were minor (28/32) and 2/3 of those were isolated increased inflammatory markers (19/32). Among major relapses, one resulted in permanent vision loss. The median time until relapse was 99 days (IQR 71–127) and median glucocorticoid dose at relapse was 8 mg (IQR 5–16). Nine of 47 patients stopped glucocorticoids after a median duration of 35 weeks and did not relapse within 1 year. Median CSD at 12 months was 4164 mg which is lower compared with published data. Glucocorticoid-associated adverse effects occurred in 40% of patients, most frequently were new onset or worsening hypertension (19%), diabetes (11%) and severe infections (11%).ConclusionWe could demonstrate that 32% of patients remained relapse-free and 19% off glucocorticoids at 1 year after treatment with a rapid glucocorticoid tapering regimen. Most relapses were minor and could be handled with temporarily increased glucocorticoid doses. Consequently, the CSD at 12 months was much lower than reported in published cohorts. Thus, further reducing treatment-associated damage in patients with GCA by decreasing CSD seems to be possible.
Tensor gauge boson dark matter extension of the electroweak sector
Authors: Koorambas Elias 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe existence of dark matter is explained by a new, massive, neutral, non-symmetric, rank-2 tensor gauge boson ($$\hbox {Z}_{{\upmu \upnu }}$$Zμν-boson). The$$\hbox {Z}_{{\upmu \upnu }}$$Zμν-boson can be predicted by the tensor gauge boson extension of the Electro Weak (EW) theory, proposed by Savvidy (Phys Lett B 625:341, 2005). The non-symmetric rank-2 tensor$$\hbox {Z}_{{\upmu \upnu }}$$Zμνcan be decomposed into a symmetric ($$\hbox {Z}_{{(\upmu \upnu )}})$$Z(μν))and anti-symmetric ($$\hbox {Z}_{{[\upmu \upnu ]}})$$Z[μν])part. Based on the non-Lagrangian formulation for the free sector of the$$\hbox {R}_{\textrm{2}}$$R2-theory proposed recently by Criado et al. (Phys Rev D 102:125031,arXiv:2010.02224, 2020), our massive anti-symmetric tensor field$$\hbox {Z}_{{[\upmu \upnu ]}}$$Z[μν]corresponds to the massive symmetric spinor field$$\hbox {Z}_{{\upalpha \upbeta \upgamma \updelta }}$$Zαβγδin the (2,0) irrep. For the massive$$\hbox {Z}_{{\upalpha \upbeta \upgamma \updelta }}$$Zαβγδwith the$$\hbox {Z}_{\textrm{2}}$$Z2-symmetric Higgs portal couplings to a Standard Model (SM) particle, we compute the self-annihilation cross-section of the$$\hbox {Z}_{{\upalpha \upbeta \upgamma \updelta }}$$Zαβγδdark matter and calculate its relic abundance. We also study the SM-SM particle scattering due to the exchange of the massive-$$\hbox {Z}_{{(\upmu \upnu )}}$$Z(μν)symmetric field at a high energy scale. This proposition may have far reaching applications in astrophysics and cosmology.
Lexical-Semantic Content, Not Syntactic Structure, Is the Main Contributor to ANN-Brain Similarity of fMRI Responses in the Language Network
Authors: Kauf Carina , Tuckute Greta , Levy Roger , Andreas Jacob , Fedorenko Evelina 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Representations from artificial neural network (ANN) language models have been shown to predict human brain activity in the language network. To understand what aspects of linguistic stimuli contribute to ANN-to-brain similarity, we used an fMRI data set of responses to n = 627 naturalistic English sentences (Pereira et al., 2018) and systematically manipulated the stimuli for which ANN representations were extracted. In particular, we (i) perturbed sentences’ word order, (ii) removed different subsets of words, or (iii) replaced sentences with other sentences of varying semantic similarity. We found that the lexical-semantic content of the sentence (largely carried by content words) rather than the sentence’s syntactic form (conveyed via word order or function words) is primarily responsible for the ANN-to-brain similarity. In follow-up analyses, we found that perturbation manipulations that adversely affect brain predictivity also lead to more divergent representations in the ANN’s embedding space and decrease the ANN’s ability to predict upcoming tokens in those stimuli. Further, results are robust as to whether the mapping model is trained on intact or perturbed stimuli and whether the ANN sentence representations are conditioned on the same linguistic context that humans saw. The critical result—that lexical-semantic content is the main contributor to the similarity between ANN representations and neural ones—aligns with the idea that the goal of the human language system is to extract meaning from linguistic strings. Finally, this work highlights the strength of systematic experimental manipulations for evaluating how close we are to accurate and generalizable models of the human language network.
Asking the Obvious: Other-Repeats as Requests for Reconfirmation
Authors: Aldrup Marit 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Co-participants may reproduce (part of) a prior speaker’s turn to various interactional ends. The focus here is on a specific subclass of sequence-initiating other-repeats, namely second sayings asking the original speaker to reconfirm what they just said. Such reconfirmation-seeking other-repeats have hardly been studied in their own right but typically either been treated in studies on repair initiations or ‘newsmarks’. In approaching these ostensibly different types of reconfirmation-seeking other-repeats collectively, this interactional-linguistic study reveals that the distinction between problem-indicating – and thus, in a broad sense, repair-implicated – and newsmarking other-repeats is gradual rather than binary. Drawing on video recordings of informal German and English face-to-face conversations as data, it further shows that co-occurring multimodal marking may contribute to enhancing action recognisability and displaying (dis)affiliation and that the study’s findings may be relevant across languages.
Surveillance Methods Used to Detect, Characterize, and Monitor the COVID-19 Pandemic in Rocky Mountain Tribal Communities
Authors: Dobrinen Erin , Moser Lea , White David , Alquwayfili Sulaiman , Bingham Dyani , Tesfai Helen 
Published: July 2023

Objective: Data were essential to public health decision-making during the COVID-19 pandemic, yet no single data source was adequate for Tribes in Montana and Wyoming. We outlined data access, availability, and limitations for COVID-19 pandemic surveillance response to improve future data exchange. Materials and Methods: The Rocky Mountain Tribal Epidemiology Center (RMTEC) used various data sources to deliver data on the number of COVID-19 cases, deaths, and vaccinations at local, state, and regional levels to inform Tribes in Montana and Wyoming. RMTEC reviewed state, federal, and public datasets and then attached a score to each dataset for completeness of demographic information, including race, geographic level, and refresh rate. Results: The RMTEC COVID-19 response team shared data weekly on the number of COVID-19 cases, deaths, and vaccinations distributed and the percentage of the population vaccinated with Tribal health departments in Montana and Wyoming. The Indian Health Service Epidemiology Data Mart dataset scored the highest (24 of 30), followed by datasets from Montana (18 of 30) and Wyoming (22 of 30). Publicly available datasets scored low largely due to data aggregation across larger geographic areas and lack of demographic variables. Practice Implications: The absence of data on race and ethnicity from publicly available data and lack of access to real-time data limited RMTEC’s ability to provide Tribal-specific updates on COVID-19 cases, deaths, and vaccinations to Tribal health departments. RMTEC should be fully funded to provide the necessary resources for data management and the capacity to respond to data requests from Tribal health departments and their programs to address current and future pandemics. Federal and state agencies should also be educated on Tribal Epidemiology Centers’ public health authority status to improve access to infectious disease data among those agencies.
Electronic Monitoring of Mom’s Schedule (eMOMSTM): A Qualitative Study of Experiences in a Lifestyle Change Program with Lactation Support
Authors: Jacobson Lisette T. , Bakhache Nathalie , Dowling Jolynn , Okut Hayrettin , Zackula Rosey , Robbins David C. , Stern Judy E. , Grainger David A. , Befort Christie 
Published: July 2023

Purpose To elicit feedback from participants who completed the eMOMSTM study, a feasibility randomized controlled trial (NCT04021602), on their perceptions of program strengths and weaknesses. Study Design Qualitative - Semi-structured, telephone interview guide using open-ended questions. Setting Rural Great Plains state, United States. Participants Of 26 individuals who completed the eMOMSTM study, 24 consented to an interview. Method Interviews were completed between October 2020 and May 2021. Audio-recordings were transcribed verbatim and organized in Microsoft 365. Data were analyzed using an exploratory, inductive thematic analysis. Results Participants’ mean age was 27.5 (± 5.4) years and mean pre-pregnancy BMI was 29.5 kg/m2 (± 2.7). The majority (71%) were non-Hispanic White and 54% had a high school education/some college. Based on specific areas of inquiry, the following themes emerged: convenience of online program access using Facebook, importance of health coach’s support and online interaction, positivity toward improving one’s health, increased consciousness of health behaviors, diverse lactation educational needs, importance of educational materials on depression, and grief over the loss of birth expectations during COVID-19. Conclusion Findings suggest participants’ perceived value of a lifestyle change program coupled with lactation education and support delivered using social media. Findings inform future studies to further adapt lifestyle change programs.
Lessons learned from U.S. rapid antiretroviral therapy initiation programs
Authors: Doshi Rupali K. , Hull Shawnika , Broun Aaron , Boyani Saanjh , Moch Darryl! , Visconti Adam J. , Castel Amanda D. , Baral Stefan , Colasanti Jonathan , Rodriguez Allan E. , Jones Joyce , Coffey Susa , Monroe Anne K. 
Published: July 2023

Background Rapid antiretroviral therapy initiation (R-ART) for treatment of HIV has been recommended since 2017, however it has not been adopted widely across the US. Purpose The study purpose was to understand facilitators and barriers to R-ART implementation in the U.S. Research Design This was a qualitative design involving semi-structured interviews. Study Sample The study sample was comprised of the medical leadership of nine US HIV clinics that were early implementers of R-ART. Data Collection and Analysis In-depth, semi-structured interviews were performed. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) was used to guide thematic analysis. Results We identified three main content areas: strong scientific rationale for R-ART, buy-in from multiple key stakeholders, and the condensed timeline of R-ART. The CFIR construct of Evidence Strength and Quality was cited as an important factor in R-ART implementation. Buy-in from key stakeholders and immediate access to medications ensured the success of R-ART implementation. Patient acceptance of the condensed timeline for ART initiation was facilitated when presented in a patient-centered manner, including empathetic communication and addressing other patient needs concurrently. The condensed timeline of R-ART presented logistical challenges and opportunities for the development of intense patient-provider relationships. Conclusions Results from the analysis showed that R-ART implementation should address the following: 1) logistical planning to implement HIV treatment with a condensed timeline 2) patients’ mixed reactions to a new HIV diagnosis and 3) the high cost of HIV medications.