bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond our parochialism
Authors: Storr Virgil Henry , Romero Michael R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractParochialism, by which we mean in-group preferences and out-group prejudice, has the potential to influence public policy. In-group preferences and out-group prejudice can lead individuals to evaluate a policy based on how that policy affects the groups they belong to rather than on the basis of their ideological priors or the impact of that policy on society at large. Unchecked, parochialism likely leads to problematic policies and perverse social outcomes. While the evidence suggests that this bias can be mitigated if issues are framed in ways that encourage reflection as opposed to unreflective immediate responses, policy makers face incentives to leverage parochialism rather than combat it. The solution may instead require limiting policy makers and our ability to make decisions for others and promoting an institutional environment that encourages our interacting with diverse others rather than insularity. Stated another way, limited government and open society may be the path beyond our parochialism.
Negative Concord and locality in Russian
Authors: Lyutikova Ekaterina , Gerasimova Anastasia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article addresses locality conditions on Negative Concord (NC) in Russian. We examine long-distance licensing of “negative”ni-pronouns in subject- and object-control infinitives. Existing theories of negative concord rely in one way or another on the movement of negative concord items (NCI): either as a direct licensing condition, or as a prerequisite for entering a local configuration with the licensor. Consequently, theories predict thatni-pronoun movement to the matrix clause (i.e., the local domain of the matrix licensor) would increase acceptability ofni-licensing. Using experimental data, we explore various linear positions available forni-pronouns in the matrix clause and in embedded infinitival clauses. We show that movement is not required for long-distance licensing, and that derived positions ofni-pronouns are independent ofni-licensing. We argue that althoughni-licensing and movement both obey locality constraints, they differ as to the type of locality required. This article presents evidence for recent proposals that movement and agreement have different properties with respect to locality constraints.
Comparison of the Level of Disaster Preparedness Between Private and Government Hospitals in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alruwaili Abdullah Saleh , Islam Md Shahidul , Usher Kim 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective:
The objective of this study was to describe and compare almost all the components of disaster preparedness between private and government hospitals in the Eastern Province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, using the World Health Organization’s (WHO) checklist.

Methods:
We assessed and compared the disaster preparedness between government and private hospitals in Province, using the 10-key component WHO checklist in a descriptive cross-sectional study. Of 72 hospitals in the region, 63 responded to the survey.

Results:
All 63 hospitals had an HDP plan and reported having a multidisciplinary HDP committee. In all responding hospitals, HDP was acceptable in most indicators of preparedness; however, some hospitals to some extent fell short of preparedness in surge capacity, equipment and logistic services, and post-disaster recovery. Government and private hospitals were generally comparable in disaster preparedness. However, government hospitals were more likely to have HDP plans that cover WHO’s “all-hazard” approach, both internal and external disasters, compared to private hospitals.

Conclusion:
HDP was acceptable, however, preparedness in surge capacity, equipment and logistic services, and post-disaster recovery fell short. Government and private hospitals were comparable in preparedness with regards to all indicators except surge capacity, post-disaster recovery, and availability of some equipment.
Artificial Intelligence Functionalities During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ahmadi Marzaleh Milad , Peyravi Mahmoudreza , Mousavi Shahrokh , Sarpourian Fatemeh , Seyedi Milad , Shalyari Naseh 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led us to use virtual solutions and emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI). Recent studies have clearly demonstrated the role of AI in health care and medical practice; however, a comprehensive review can identify potential yet not fulfilled functionalities of such technologies in pandemics. Therefore, this scoping review study aims at assessing AI functionalities in the COVID-19 pandemic in 2022.

Methods:
A systematic search was carried out in PubMed, Cochran Library, Scopus, Science Direct, ProQuest, and Web of Science from 2019 to May 9, 2022. Researchers selected the articles according to the search keywords. Finally, the articles mentioning the functionalities of AI in the COVID-19 pandemic were evaluated. Two investigators performed this process.

Results:
Initial search resulted in 9123 articles. After reviewing the title, abstract, and full text of these articles, and applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 4 articles were selectd for the final analysis. All 4 were cross-sectional studies. Two studies (50%) were performed in the United States, 1 (25%) in Israel, and 1 (25%) in Saudi Arabia. They covered the functionalities of AI in the prediction, detection, and diagnosis of COVID-19.

Conclusions:
To the extent of the researchers’ knowledge, this study is the first scoping review that assesses the AI functionalities in the COVID-19 pandemic. Health-care organizations need decision support technologies and evidence-based apparatuses that can perceive, think, and reason not dissimilar to human beings. Potential functionalities of such technologies can be used to predict mortality, detect, screen, and trace current and former patients, analyze health data, prioritize high-risk patients, and better allocate hospital resources in pandemics, and generally in health-care settings.
A report on an ergodic dichotomy
Authors: SAMBARINO ANDRÉS 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe establish (some directions of) a Ledrappier correspondence between Hölder cocycles, Patterson–Sullivan measures, etc for word-hyperbolic groups with metric-Anosov Mineyev flow. We then study Patterson–Sullivan measures for
$\vartheta $
-Anosov representations over a local field and show that these are parameterized by the
$\vartheta $
-critical hypersurface of the representation. We use these Patterson–Sullivan measures to establish a dichotomy concerning directions in the interior of the
$\vartheta $
-limit cone of the representation in question: if
${\mathsf {u}}$
is such a half-line, then the subset of
${\mathsf {u}}$
-conical limit points has either total mass if
$|\vartheta |\leq 2$
or zero mass if
$|\vartheta |\geq 4.$
The case
$|\vartheta |=3$
remains unsettled.
Thermodynamical u-formalism I: measures of maximal u-entropy for maps that factor over Anosov
Authors: URES RAUL , VIANA MARCELO , YANG FAN , YANG JIAGANG 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe construct measures of maximal u-entropy for any partially hyperbolic diffeomorphism that factors over an Anosov torus automorphism and has mostly contracting center direction. The space of such measures has finite dimension, and its extreme points are ergodic measures with pairwise disjoint supports.
Horseshoes and Lyapunov exponents for Banach cocycles over non-uniformly hyperbolic systems
Authors: ZOU RUI , CAO YONGLUO 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe extend Katok’s result on ‘the approximation of hyperbolic measures by horseshoes’ to Banach cocycles. More precisely, let f be a
$C^r(r>1)$
diffeomorphism of a compact Riemannian manifold M, preserving an ergodic hyperbolic measure
$\mu $
with positive entropy, and let
$\mathcal {A}$
be a Hölder continuous cocycle of bounded linear operators acting on a Banach space
$\mathfrak {X}$
. We prove that there is a sequence of horseshoes for f and dominated splittings for
$\mathcal {A}$
on the horseshoes, such that not only the measure theoretic entropy of f but also the Lyapunov exponents of
$\mathcal {A}$
with respect to
$\mu $
can be approximated by the topological entropy of f and the Lyapunov exponents of
$\mathcal {A}$
on the horseshoes, respectively. As an application, we show the continuity of sub-additive topological pressure for Banach cocycles.
Body image as a global mental health concern
Authors: Rodgers Rachel F. , Laveway Katherine , Campos Priscila , de Carvalho Pedro Henrique Berbert 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBody image concerns related to weight or other dimensions of appearance are now prevalent on a global scale. This paper reviews the theoretical frameworks that account for the global similarities and regional differences in rates and presentation of body image concerns, as well as reviewing the extant data. Given the harmful consequences of body image concerns in terms of mental and physical health, their global burden is high. Interventions to mitigate these concerns at the individual and systemic level are warranted.
Diversification Experiences and Firm Performance in Knowledge-Intensive Industries: The Moderating Role of Absorptive Capacity
Authors: Shukla Dhirendra Mani , Kumar Sushil 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTIn this study, we examine the moderation effect of absorptive capacity on the performance consequences of diversification experiences. We suggest that absorptive capacity positively moderates the performance effects of product and international diversification experiences and those of unrelatedness in product and international diversification experiences. An empirical analysis conducted using a longitudinal dataset of Indian firms, from knowledge-intensive manufacturing sectors, for the period 2008–2018, broadly supports our arguments. Findings imply that firms with superior absorptive capacity can acquire and leverage knowledge from their diversification experiences effectively and mitigate the risks of negative transfer associated with unrelatedness in diversification experiences. Findings contribute to the organizational learning literature by examining the role of absorptive capacity in enabling performance outcomes of diversification experiences.
Challenges and directions in analytical paleobiology
Authors: Dillon Erin M. , Dunne Emma M. , Womack Tom M. , Kouvari Miranta , Larina Ekaterina , Claytor Jordan Ray , Ivkić Angelina , Juhn Mark , Milla Carmona Pablo S. , Robson Selina Viktor , Saha Anwesha , Villafaña Jaime A. , Zill Michelle E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOver the last 50 years, access to new data and analytical tools has expanded the study of analytical paleobiology, contributing to innovative analyses of biodiversity dynamics over Earth's history. Despite—or even spurred by—this growing availability of resources, analytical paleobiology faces deep-rooted obstacles that stem from the need for more equitable access to data and best practices to guide analyses of the fossil record. Recent progress has been accelerated by a collective push toward more collaborative, interdisciplinary, and open science, especially by early-career researchers. Here, we survey four challenges facing analytical paleobiology from an early-career perspective: (1) accounting for biases when interpreting the fossil record; (2) integrating fossil and modern biodiversity data; (3) building data science skills; and (4) increasing data accessibility and equity. We discuss recent efforts to address each challenge, highlight persisting barriers, and identify tools that have advanced analytical work. Given the inherent linkages between these challenges, we encourage discourse across disciplines to find common solutions. We also affirm the need for systemic changes that reevaluate how we conduct and share paleobiological research.
Transnational scientific advising: occupied Japan, the United States National Academy of Sciences and the establishment of the Science Council of Japan
Authors: Ito Kenji 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGiven that the practices and institutions of knowledge production commonly referred to as ‘science’ are believed to have ‘Western’ origins, their apparent proliferation entails negotiations and power dynamics that shape both science and diplomacy in specific locales. This paper investigates a facet of this co-production of science and diplomacy in the emergence of knowledge infrastructure in Japan during the Allied Occupation. It focuses on the 1947 delegation from the United States National Academy of Sciences to Japan and its role in creating the Science Council of Japan (SCJ). While historians view this mission as having been dispatched to provide advice on the foundation of the SCJ, it was in fact an unintentional outcome. The original plan was to recruit long-term scientific advisers on science policy to Douglas MacArthur's headquarters. The creation of the SCJ was not the brainchild of any individual but the result of an unforeseen alteration of the original idea through negotiations among various actors. By examining the transnational aspects of this process and the complex social process underlying it, and drawing on Manuel DeLanda's assemblage theory, this paper proposes the concept of ‘techno-diplomatic assemblage’ for understanding the transnational construction of knowledge infrastructure such as the emergence of the SCJ.
Ecological notes onActinostella flosculifera(Le Sueur, 1817) (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Actiniidae) in the South-western Atlantic, Brazil
Authors: Durán-Fuentes Jeferson A. , Mendes Flávio , da Costa Rogério Caetano , Pescinelli Régis Augusto , Floeter Sergio R. , Stampar Sérgio N. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSea anemones have developed various strategies for interspecific interaction with other organisms and their own ability to obtain food, due to their coevolutionary history, ranging from mutualistic (e.g. clownfish, crustaceans, etc.) and symbiotic associations (zooxanthellae or zoochlorellae) to depredation (e.g. sea slug). This study aims to record some observations on feeding habits and interspecific interactions ofActinostella flosculifera(Le Sueur, 1817) in the locality of Pedra da Sereia in Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil, and to describe the hunting strategy of the sea slugSpurilla brazilianaMacFarland, 1909 and the escape strategy ofA. flosculifera. We found that the habitat ofA. flosculiferais characterized by shallow pools ~10 cm deep at low tides, and this functions as a trap for many organisms and some biowaste (e.g. bones or fish drifting in from nearby populations) that fall into the oral disc. This is the first report ofS. brazilianapredating onA. flosculifera. We also report interspecific relationships betweenA. flosculiferawith four species of crustaceans:Omalacantha bicornuta(Latreille, 1825),Menippecf.nodifronsStimpson, 1859,Alpheuscf.angulosusMcClure, 2002, andAlpheuscf.carlaeAnker, 2012.
The Possession Islands Ross Sea Antarctica: A history of exploration and scientific endeavour at a Ross Sea archipelago since the first landing in 1841
Authors: Harrowfield D. L. , Mabin M. C. G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPossession Island was one of the first landing places in the Antarctic region, now more than 180 years ago, yet there is little scientific knowledge of this island archipelago in the western Ross Sea. Although the islands are often passed and have been landed on for a few brief hours a number of times, the area is a challenging environment to visit or work in, as weather, sea and ice conditions can be unpredictable.This paper documents the discovery of the islands, and their history of exploration, the broad range of fleetingly conducted science endeavours, weather and climate and since the 1990s, eco-tourism visits. The islands deserve to be better known, and their rich history provides a foundation for future research and eco-tourism.
Exploring associations of older adults with virtual nature: a randomised factorial online survey
Authors: Otten Kars , van Rompay Thomas J. L. , van ’t Klooster Jan-Willem J. R. , Gerritsen Debby L. , Westerhof Gerben J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLoneliness and social isolation are important social determinants of wellbeing of older adults. Conversational exchanges can promote connectedness between older adults, however, conversations may not always come easy. Research shows that exposure to nature-based stimuli such as pictures and videos can stimulate social aspirations and trigger associations that could facilitate conversations, in particular when nature scenery is perceived as fascinating, mysterious, spacious and suited for social interaction. Therefore, this study investigated whether exposure to these nature characteristics (high versus low) lead to associations that could act as conversational material. A randomised factorial design, using a virtual reality-based approach for experimental control, led to 17 different virtual representations of nature (VN). In total, 150 participants (60 years and older) were recruited for an online survey. Spontaneous associations were coded on personal engagement and valence. The number of associations was measured with one multiple-choice question. VN exposure successfully triggered personally engaging and positively valenced associations and were related to multiple associations, in particular when the VN were high on mystery. Furthermore, positive effects of VN exposure was more pronounced for participants with high (rather than low) levels of nature relatedness and many (rather than few) available nature opportunities. These findings indicate that VN exposure provides fertile ground for conversations as a means to promote connectedness and social wellbeing of older adults.
Social Isolation of Older Adults Living in a Neighbourhood of Montreal: A Qualitative Descriptive Study of the Perspectives of Older Adults and Community Stakeholders
Authors: DeBroux Leduc Roxane , Bier Nathalie , Couture Mélanie , Ansaldo Ana Inès , Belleville Sylvie , Ben Gaied Nouha , Chesneau Sophie , Belchior Patricia , Fonseca Raquel , Hebblethwaite Shannon , Jarema Gonia , Lacerda Adriana , Rousseau Jacqueline , Van De Velde Cécile , Filiatrault Johanne 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to describe the social isolation of older adults in the Côte-des-Neiges neighbourhood (Montreal, Canada) from the perspectives of older adults and community stakeholders. To do so, a descriptive qualitative study was conducted, involving community-dwelling older adults and a variety of key stakeholders from the neighbourhood. Seven focus groups were held, with a total of 37 participants. Focus group transcripts were analyzed using the approach of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña. Participants reported that social isolation of older adults is characterized by gaps in social interactions (scarcity of social interactions, lack of social support, and unsatisfying relationships) as well as by low social participation that can be depicted in three ways: (1) exclusion by society, (2) self-restriction of participation, and (3) low eagerness to socialize. This study highlights that there is a diversity in how social isolation of older adults manifests itself. It can be the result of a deliberate choice (or not), as well as being desired (or not). These aspects of the phenomenon of social isolation of older adults are still not well described. However, they offer relevant avenues for rethinking approaches to intervention development.
Transporting monovalent rotavirus vaccine efficacy estimates to an external target population: a secondary analysis of data from a randomised controlled trial in Malawi
Authors: St Jean Denise T. , Edwards Jessie K. , Rogawski McQuade Elizabeth T. , Thompson Peyton , Thomas James C. , Becker-Dreps Sylvia 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Oral rotavirus vaccine efficacy estimates from randomised controlled trials are highly variable across settings. Although the randomised study design increases the likelihood of internal validity of findings, results from trials may not always apply outside the context of the study due to differences between trial participants and the target population. Here, we used a weight-based method to transport results from a monovalent rotavirus vaccine clinical trial conducted in Malawi between 2005 and 2008 to a target population of all trial-eligible children in Malawi, represented by data from the 2015–2016 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). We reweighted trial participants to reflect the population characteristics described by the Malawi DHS. Vaccine efficacy was estimated for 1008 trial participants after applying these weights such that they represented trial-eligible children in Malawi. We also conducted subgroup analyses to examine the heterogeneous treatment effects by stunting and tuberculosis vaccination status at enrolment. In the original trial, the estimates of one-year vaccine efficacy against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis and any-severity rotavirus gastroenteritis in Malawi were 49.2% (95% CI 15.6%–70.3%) and 32.1% (95% CI 2.5%–53.1%), respectively. After weighting trial participants to represent all trial-eligible children in Malawi, vaccine efficacy increased to 62.2% (95% CI 35.5%–79.0%) against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis and 38.9% (95% CI 11.4%–58.5%) against any-severity rotavirus gastroenteritis. Rotavirus vaccine efficacy may differ between trial participants and target populations when these two populations differ. Differences in tuberculosis vaccination status between the trial sample and DHS population contributed to varying trial and target population vaccine efficacy estimates.
A Review of Ambulance Terrorism on the African Continent
Authors: Besenyő János , Barten Dennis G. , De Cauwer Harald G. , Tin Derrick , Gulyás Attila 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground:In recent decades, an increasing number of terrorist attacks have been carried out against medical institutions, hospitals, and health care workers. These attacks, that often result in high numbers of casualties and impaired access to health services, have a more significant impact on people’s sense of security than attacks against military and police targets. Attacks on ambulances – especially on the African continent – have been sparsely studied. This study examines attacks on ambulances on the African continent during the period from 1992-2022 (until December 31, 2021).Methods:Reports of ambulance terrorism were extracted from the Global Terrorism Database (GTD), RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents (RDWTI), United Nation’s Safeguarding Health in Conflict Coalition (SHCC) database, Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (ACLED), Surveillance System for Attacks on Health Care (SSA) database, and Aid Worker Security Database (AWSD). Furthermore, a grey literature search was performed. The date and location of the attacks, perpetrators, weapon and attack types, and the number of victims (dead and wounded) and hostages were collected. Results were exported into an Excel spreadsheet (Microsoft Corp.; Redmond, Washington USA) for analysis.Results:During the 30-year study period, 166 attacks were observed in 18 African countries. The number of attacks significantly increased since 2016, with 81.3% of the attacks taking place from 2016 to 2022. In total, 193 people died and another 208 were injured. Attacks with firearms were most frequently noted (92 cases; 55.4%), followed by attacks with explosive devices (26 cases; 15.7%). A significant number of ambulances were hijacked (26 cases; 15.7%) and subsequently used for other terrorist attacks. In seven attacks, ambulances were used as vehicle-born improvised explosive devices (VBIEDs).Conclusion:In this database study on ambulance terrorism in Africa, it was found that the reported occurrence of attacks increased from 2013 onwards, including the rise of ambulances used as VBIEDs. These findings suggest that ambulance terrorism represents a real, significant risk that both governments and health care institutions must address.