bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiolucent implants in orthopedic oncology
Authors: Federico Vincent P. , Trevino Noe , Zavras Athan G. , Fice Michael P. , Butler Alexander J. , Blank Alan T. , Colman Matthew W. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRadiolucent implants in have demonstrated promising results for both extremity and spine oncologic procedures. However, questions persist about whether the superiority in surveillance imaging justify the increased cost and technical challenges. In this review, we present the current body of literature for the use of radiolucent implants in musculoskeletal oncology, with a focus on implant complications, including screw loosening, breakage, malposition, and loss of reduction. We also discuss clinical outcomes, technical considerations, and postoperative radiotherapy.
An efficient strategy for large‐scale preparation of low polarity gingerols directly from ginger crude extract by high‐speed countercurrent chromatography with different rotation mode
Authors: Li Jisheng , Wang Qiqi , Wang Yao , La Mencuo , Mian Ruisha , He Liangliang , Suonan Ji , Zou Denglang 
Published: August 2023

This study presents an efficient strategy for large‐scale preparation of low polarity gingerols directly from ginger crude extract by high‐speed countercurrent chromatography with different rotation mode. The ultrasonic‐assisted extraction conditions were optimized by response surface methodology and the results showed the major low polarity gingerols could be well enriched under the optimized extraction conditions. Then the crude extract without any pretreatment was directly separated by high‐speed countercurrent chromatography with different rotation mode using n‐hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (6:4:6:4, v/v/v/v) as the solvent system. In about 400 min, five major gingerols including 150 mg of [6]‐gingerol, 50 mg of [8]‐gingerol, 20 mg of [6]‐shogaol, 43 mg of [6]‐dehydrogingerdione, and 40 mg of [10]‐gingerol were obtained from 1.2 g of crude extract in a single run with repeated injection. Their structures were identified by 1H‐NMR spectroscopy.
5‐Aminolevulinic Acid Fluorescence‐Guided Surgery in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Filip Peter , Lerner David K. , Kominsky Evan , Schupper Alexander , Liu Katherine , Khan Nazir Mohemmed , Roof Scott , Hadjipanayis Constantinos , Genden Eric , Iloreta Alfred M. C. 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesTo determine the utility of 5‐aminolevulinic acid (5‐ALA) fluorescence for resection of head and neck carcinoma.MethodsIn this prospective pilot trial, 5‐ALA was administered as an oral suspension 3–5 h prior to induction of anesthesia for resection of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Following resection, 405 nm blue light was applied, and fluorescence of the tumor as well as the surgical bed was recorded. Specimen fluorescence intensity was graded categorically as none (score = 0), mild (1), moderate (2), or robust (3) by the operating surgeon intraoperatively and corroborated with final pathologic diagnosis.ResultsSeven patients underwent resection with 5‐ALA. Five (83%) were male with an age range of 33–82 years (mean = 60). Sites included nasal cavity (n = 3), oral cavity (n = 3), and the larynx (n = 1). All specimens demonstrated robust fluorescence when 5‐ALA was administered 3–5 h preoperatively. 5‐ALA fluorescence predicted the presence of perineural invasion, a positive margin, and metastatic lymphadenopathy. Two patients had acute photosensitivity reactions, and one patient had a temporary elevation of hepatic enzymes.Conclusions5‐ALA induces robust intraoperative fluorescence of HNSCC, capable of demonstrating a positive margin, perineural invasion, and metastatic nodal disease. Although no conclusions are there about the safety of this drug in the head and neck cancer population, our study parallels the extensive safety data in the neurosurgical literature. Future applications may include intraoperative assessment of margin status, diagnostic accuracy, and impacts on survival.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 134:741–748, 2024
Grazing effects on total carbon and nitrogen content of wind‐eroded soils in desert steppe
Authors: Zhang Bohan , Qu Zhiqiang , Lv Shijie , Han Guodong , Gao Cuiping , Wilkes Andreas , Li Junran , Li Zhiguo , Wang Shuhui , Wang Rong , Wang Xiaoyan , Bai Yisula 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA high stocking rate can intensify wind erosion in grasslands, and strong wind can carry away soil surface particles, soil carbon (C), and nitrogen (N), which leads to soil barrenness. In this research, the dust flux, total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents, and fluxes of aeolian sediment were determined in the nongrowing season (mid‐October to mid‐April of the following year) and growing season (mid‐April to mid‐October) from 2017 to 2020 at a continuous grazing gradient experiment platform established in 2004 in a desert steppe in Inner Mongolia, China. The results were as follows: (1) As the stocking rate increased, fluxes of aeolian sediment at 10 cm (H10), 30 cm (H30), and 100 cm (H100) were greatly increased (p < 0.05). Aeolian sediment fluxes followed the order control (CK) < light stocking rate (LG) < moderate stocking rate (MG) < heavy stocking rate (HG). (2) The TC and TN contents of aeolian sediment decreased with an increase in stocking rate, and higher grazing intensity resulted in a difference in TC content, which decreased between the two seasons. The TC flux/aeolian sediment flux increased with an increase in stocking rate, and the ratio of TC flux increased between two seasons due to the influence of heavy grazing. Grazing disturbance had little effect on TN flux. As grazing intensity increased, wind erosion resulted in an increase in soil available carbon loss, and this loss was more severe in the nongrowing season. (3) The C/N ratio increased with increase in aeolian sediment flux. The aeolian sediment flux and C/N showed an inverse relationship with the increase in grazing intensity. Regression lines for the two seasons showed an intersecting trend, and the intersection points moved backward as height increased, indicating that higher stocking rates could reduce the influence of grassland vegetation on C/N. As height increased, the regression intercept increased, indicating that the loss of wind‐eroded soil changed from a low C/N loss to a high C/N loss. In general, high stocking rates aggravated soil wind erosion, resulting in more C pool loss than N loss in terms of soil elements and more available C loss in the nongrowing season. In the nongrowing season, vegetation characteristics are poor, coupled with grazing interference, and wind erosion in the nongrowing season is serious in general; however, the change law of C and N in wind‐eroded soil is directly related to its particle size. C and N content in fine particles is higher, and C content in soil is much higher than N, so the TC loss is relatively large; therefore, reducing the intensity of grazing can reduce the occurrence of soil wind erosion, and implementing measures to protect grassland in spring and other periods vulnerable to wind erosion would be conducive to the sustainable usage of grassland resources.
Quantum Antireflection Temporal Coatings: Quantum State Frequency Shifting and Inhibited Thermal Noise Amplification
Authors: Liberal Iñigo , Vázquez‐Lozano J. Enrique , Pacheco‐Peña Victor 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe quantum optical response of antireflection temporal coatings (ATCs), that is, matching temporal layers that suppress the generation of backward waves in temporal boundaries, is investigated. The results reveal that quantum ATCs are characterized for inducing a frequency shift of the quantum state, while preserving all photon statistics intact. Thus, they can find application for fast quantum frequency shifting in photonic quantum networks. The quantum theory also provides additional insight on their classical mode of operation, clarifying which quantities are preserved through the temporal boundary. Last, it is shown that quantum ATCs allow for fast temporal switching without amplification of thermal fields.
Kirigami‐Inspired Planar Deformable Metamaterials for Multiple Dynamic Electromagnetic Manipulations
Authors: Han Donghai , Li Wenkang , Liu Min , Sun Tao , Hou Yushan , Chen Xiaoming , Shi Hongyu , Fan Zhengjie , Wang Xianqiao , Meng Fanqi , Zhang Liuyang , Chen Xuefeng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Kirigami technique has recently inspired the design of reconfigurable electromagnetic metamaterials that can be easily realized by embedding a patterned cutting array into a supportive substrate. However, these existing designs mainly focus on the 2D‐to‐3D transformable morphology that induces the modulation of the spectral responses. This work proposes a kirigami‐based planar reconfiguration mechanism and extends advanced applications in the dynamic near‐field imaging and tunable double‐foci metalens. These extraordinary tunabilities originate from three meta‐atoms that can be mutually transformed into the morphologies with non‐chirality and opposite chirality under the tensile strain. By utilizing the transmittance characteristics of reconfigurable meta‐atoms, the metamaterial is constructed to achieve three‐foldable near‐field displays and a longitudinal double‐foci metalens empowered with tunable focusing length and intensity ratio. Two anisotropic chiral meta‐atoms in deformed states that possess overwhelming transmittance difference of circularly cross‐polarized components to magnify the focusing intensity ratio of two foci for the proposed metalens are further proposed. The exhibited observations provide typical examples of a wide spectrum of applications of the kirigami‐based reconfiguration mechanism, and it may pave the avenue to spark manifold functional devices for applicable electromagnetic manipulations such as multifunctional hologram display, dynamic beam shaping, and steering, as well as the conformal design of meta‐devices.
Novel Red Mechanoluminescence in Mn‐Doped ZnGa2S4 Crystal Phosphors via a Molten Salt Shielding Method
Authors: Zhu Mingju , Luo Jiangcheng , Liang Tianlong , Zheng Yuantian , Li Xu , Huang Zefeng , Ren Biyun , Zhang Xianhui , Li Jianwei , Zheng Zitong , Wu Junhao , Zhong Yongle , Wang Yu , Wang Chunfeng , Peng Dengfeng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOwing to their unique characteristic of direct mechanical‐to‐optical energy conversion, mechanoluminescence (ML) crystals have drawn considerable interest for visible stress sensing, flexible and stretchable displays, and advanced anti‐counterfeiting. However, among the visible emissions of synthetic ML materials, high‐performance red‐emission semiconductors with ideal color‐rendering indices are relatively scarce, which restricts their future applications. In this work, red ML emission with CIE coordinates (0.6395 and 0.3572) in Mn‐doped ZnGa2S4 prepared by a molten salt shielding synthesis method in the air is reported. ZnGa2S4 has a cubic crystal structure composed of a layered [ZnS4] tetrahedral unit that plays an important role in efficient ML. Based on density functional theory calculations, the relationship between ML performance and crystal structure is revealed, which will help in the development of new high‐quality ML materials. The Mn‐doping of ZnGa2S4 causes a slight deformation of the crystal structure, leading to band bending and the formation of ML features in response to mechanical stimuli. The deep‐red ML emission of the ZnGa2S4:Mn crystals prepared by this method holds great promise for advanced flexible and stable displays and force/pressure sensor applications.
Patient specific prior cross attention for kV decomposition in paraspinal motion tracking
Authors: He Xiuxiu , Cai Weixing , Li Feifei , Fan Qiyong , Zhang Pengpeng , Cuaron John J. , Cerviño Laura I. , Moran Jean M. , Li Xiang , Li Tianfang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundX‐ray image quality is critical for accurate intrafraction motion tracking in radiation therapy.Purpose: This study aims to develop a deep‐learning algorithm to improve kV image contrast by decomposing the image into bony and soft tissue components. In particular, we designed a priori attention mechanism in the neural network framework for optimal decomposition. We show that a patient‐specific prior cross‐attention (PCAT) mechanism can boost the performance of kV image decomposition. We demonstrate its use in paraspinal SBRT motion tracking with online kV imaging.MethodsOnline 2D kV projections were acquired during paraspinal SBRT for patient motion monitoring. The patient‐specific prior images were generated by randomly shifting and rotating spine‐only DRR created from the setup CBCT, simulating potential motions. The latent features of the prior images were incorporated into the PCAT using multi‐head cross attention. The neural network aimed to learn to selectively amplify the transmission of the projection image features that correlate with features of the priori. The PCAT network structure consisted of (1) a dual‐branch generator that separates the spine and soft tissue component of the kV projection image and (2) a dual‐function discriminator (DFD) that provides the realness score of the predicted images. For supervision, we used a loss combining mean absolute error loss, discriminator loss, perceptual loss, total variation, and mean squared error loss for soft tissues. The proposed PCAT approach was benchmarked against previous work using the ResNet generative adversarial network (ResNetGAN) without prior information.ResultsThe trained PCAT had improved performance in effectively retaining and preserving the spine structure and texture information while suppressing the soft tissues from the kV projection images. The decomposed spine‐only x‐ray images had the submillimeter matching accuracy at all beam angles. The decomposed spine‐only x‐ray significantly reduced the maximum errors to 0.44 mm (<2 pixels) in comparison to 0.92 mm (∼4 pixels) of ResNetGAN. The PCAT decomposed spine images also had higher PSNR and SSIM (p‐value < 0.001).ConclusionThe PCAT selectively learned the important latent features by incorporating the patient‐specific prior knowledge into the deep learning algorithm, significantly improving the robustness of the kV projection image decomposition, and leading to improved motion tracking accuracy in paraspinal SBRT.
Epidemiology and characteristics of emergency department utilization by patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Korea from 2016 to 2020: A nationwide study
Authors: Ko Jung‐In , Choi Seok‐Jin , Yoo Shin Hye , Cho Belong , Kim Min Sun , Kim Kyae Hyung , Lee Sun Young 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroduction/AimsPatients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) inevitably visit the emergency department (ED) due to their increased risk of respiratory failure and mobility limitations. However, nationwide data on ED visits by patients with ALS are limited. This study investigated the characteristics of patients with ALS‐related ED visits.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study from 2016 to 2020, utilizing a nationwide ED database. The total number of patients with ALS who visited the ED and their primary reasons for visiting/diagnoses were analyzed.ResultsIn total, 6036 visits to the ED were made by patients with ALS. Of these, 41.8% arrived by ambulance and 27.7% spent >9 h in the ED. Following ED treatment, 57.4% were hospitalized, including 19.3% admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and 5.4% who died in the hospital. The primary reasons for ALS‐related ED visits were dyspnea (35.2%), feeding tube problems (10.1%), fever (7.8%), and mental status changes (3.6%). The most common diagnoses were pneumonia (14.5%), respiratory failure (5.7%), dyspnea (5.5%), aspiration pneumonia (4.3%), and tracheostomy complications (3.4%).DiscussionReasons for ED visits for patients with ALS include acute respiratory distress, as well as concerns related to tube feeding and tracheostomy. To reduce the risk of patients with ALS requiring ED visits, it is essential to ensure the provision of timely respiratory support and high‐quality home‐based medical care teams that can support and address patients before their condition deteriorates.
Central venous catheter safety in pediatric patients with intestinal failure
Authors: Smith Rachel Warsco , Pettini Melissa , Gulden Rachel , Wendel Danielle 
Published: August 2023

AbstractChildren with intestinal failure (IF) require long‐term central venous access to provide life‐sustaining parenteral nutrition. Mechanical, thrombotic, and infectious complications are potentially life‐threatening and may necessitate central venous catheter (CVC) replacement. Repeated central line replacements may lead to a loss of vascular access sites and increases risk for intestinal transplantation. Children with IF face unique challenges for CVC safety given their young age, altered anatomy, and increased risk of thrombosis and infection. The following review addresses preventative, diagnostic, and treatment strategies for central line safety concerns specific to children with IF as well as recommendations for promoting catheter safety during activities, travel, and emergencies.
Relating GPR system parameters to regulatory emissions limits
Authors: Annan A. Peter , Diamanti Nectaria , Redman J. David 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGround penetrating radar (GPR) is regulated regarding emission limits for ultra‐wideband in a number of jurisdictions. The definitions of these regulations employ concepts and terminology that are more suited to traditional narrow band radio transmitters. Further, the emissions limits were based on limited quantitative factual information and have resulted in stringent limitations on GPR technology advancement. Factual theoretical and experimental information on the emissions from actual GPR devices is not generally available, and the relationship with regulatory requirements is poorly understood by users. This information gap must be filled if a compelling argument for less stringent emissions levels is to be mounted in the future. Moreover, the current regulations have the potential to trigger further review of emission limits in the future which could be detrimental to the use of GPR. In this paper, we present the basic steps entailed in translating impulse time‐domain GPR instrument behaviour into ‘regulatory’ parameters. To achieve this, we also employ three‐dimensional finite‐difference time‐domain numerical modelling to simulate the transient electromagnetic field variation around dipole antennas placed on the surface of a half‐space or at a height over it to illustrate the dependency on sensor height and ground permittivity. The ultimate goal is to establish the foundation for more sensible rule making, if and when, the regulatory standards come under scrutiny for revision and further user understanding.
An efficient linearly implicit and energy‐conservative scheme for two dimensional Klein–Gordon–Schrödinger equations
Authors: Li Hongwei , Yang Yuna , Li Xiangkun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Klein–Gordon–Schrödinger equations describe a classical model of interaction of nucleon field with meson field in physics, how to design the energy conservative and stable schemes is an important issue. This paper aims to develop a linearized energy‐preserve, unconditionally stable and efficient scheme for Klein–Gordon–Schrödinger equations. Some auxiliary variables are utilized to circumvent the imaginary functions of Klein–Gordon–Schrödinger equations, and transform the original system into its real formulation. Based on the invariant energy quadratization approach, an equivalent system is deduced by introducing a Lagrange multiplier. Then the efficient and unconditionally stable scheme is designed to discretize the deduced equivalent system. A numerical analysis of the proposed scheme is presented to illustrate its uniquely solvability and convergence. Numerical examples are provided to validate accuracy, energy and mass conservation laws, and stability of our proposed method.
Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation Therapy Outcomes in Apnea‐ Versus Hypopnea‐Predominant Patients
Authors: Gao Thomas Z. , Ma Jianing , Hall Daniel , Pan Xueliang , Rings Vijay K. , Zia Ali , Harris Micah K. , Chio Eugene G. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe influence of apnea‐ and hypopnea‐predominance on hypoglossal nerve stimulation therapy outcomes (HGNS) is still poorly defined. We assessed the significance of apnea‐ and hypopnea‐predominance in HGNS outcomes.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingSingle‐institution tertiary care center.MethodsA total of 216 subjects were included, all of which had undergone drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) and HGNS implantation. Demographic and polysomnographic data were collected. The 4% apnea‐hypopnea criteria were used to calculate apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI). Central apneas were omitted. Univariate logistic and linear regression were used to study the association between these data and apnea‐predominance and hypopnea‐predominance. Kruskal‐Wallis rank sum test was used to compare medians between groups for DISE collapse patterns.ResultsSixty‐three patients were apnea‐predominant, and 153 patients were hypopnea‐predominant. These 2 groups were similar demographically (p > .20). There was no significant difference in HGNS outcomes between the groups assessed using Sher20 criteria at the 1‐year mark using all‐night, single‐setting polysomnography or home sleep studies. Apnea index (AI)/AHI and reduction in AHI from preoperative to titration were significantly associated (p = .046). The median preoperative hypopnea index was significantly lower (p = .033) in subjects with no oropharyngeal collapse than patients with partial or complete oropharyngeal collapse. There were no significant relationships between AI/AHI and the different degrees of collapse at the velopharynx, oropharynx, tongue base, or epiglottis.ConclusionsIn line with CPAP, tonsillectomy, and mandibular advancement therapy studies, we found there was largely no significant difference in DISE anatomy or in HGNS treatment outcomes between apnea‐ and hypopnea‐predominant individuals.
The synergetic effect of bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) terephthalate from glycolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) on the intumescent flame retardancy of waterborne polyurethane
Authors: Zhang Cheng , He Hui , Li Qunyang , Liang Xutong , Shen Yue 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn light of the escalating accumulation of polymer waste in daily life, chemical recycling of polymers and value‐added utilization of products have gained considerable attention in recent years. Researchers have widely explored the potential of bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) derived from the glycolysis recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) waste in the synthesis of polymers or concrete. In this study, we synthesized BHET through glycolysis recycling of PET, and combined it with microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (SiO2@APP) and carboxymethyl chitosan to design a series of intumescent flame‐retardant waterborne polyurethane (IFRWPU). The synergistic effect of BHET and SiO2@APP was demonstrated, and the resulting IFRWPU with 12.5 wt% IFR and 3 wt% BHET achieved a limit oxygen index of 25.8% and a 73% reduction in the peak heat release rate in flame retardancy tests. Furthermore, the interaction of BHET and flame retardant was discussed using the analysis of char residue and pyrolytic gas. Overall, this work provides a novel strategy to construct superior flame‐retarded waterborne polyurethane with admirable bonding performance.Highlights
The application of glycolysis product of PET in the flame‐retardant modification of WPU.
The synergistic enhancement of flame retardancy between BHET and IFR was confirmed.
The intumescent flame‐retardant was composed of SiO2@APP and CMCS.