bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and factors associated with HIV treatment non-adherence among people living with HIV in three regions of Cameroon: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Buh Amos , Deonandan Raywat , Gomes James , Krentel Alison , Oladimeji Olanrewaju , Yaya Sanni 
Published: April 2023

Background
In Cameroon, HIV care decentralization is enforced as a national policy, but follow-up of people living with HIV (PLWH) is provider-driven, with little patient education and limited patient participation in clinical surveillance. These types of services can result in low antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and predictors of ART non-adherence among PLWH in Cameroon.

Methods
A cross-sectional descriptive study of PLWH in HIV treatment centres in Cameroon was conducted. Only PLWH, receiving treatment in a treatment centre within the country, who had been on treatment for at least six months and who were at least 21 years old were included in the study. Individuals were interviewed about their demographics and ART experiences. Data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed using STATA version 14.

Results
A total of 451 participants participated in this study, 33.48% were from the country’s Southwest region. Their mean age was 43.42 years (SD: 10.42), majority (68.89%) were females. Overall proportion of ART non-adherence among participants was 37.78%, 35.88% missed taking ART twice in the last month. Reasons for missing ART include forgetfulness, business and traveling without drugs. Over half of participants (54.67%) know ART is life-long, 53.88% have missed ART service appointments, 7.32% disbelieve in ART benefits, 28.60% think taking ART gives unwanted HIV Status reminder and 2.00% experienced discrimination seeking ART services. In the multivariate analysis, odds of ART non-adherence in participants aged 41 and above was 0.35 times (95%CI: 0.14, 0.85) that in participants aged 21–30 years, odds of ART non-adherence comparing participants who attained only primary education to those who attained higher than secondary education was 0.57 times (95%CI: 0.33, 0.97) and the odds of ART non-adherence in participants who are nonalcohol consumers was 0.62 times (95%CI: 0.39, 0.98) that in alcohol consumers.

Conclusion
High proportion of participants are ART non-adherent, and the factors significantly associated with ART non-adherence include age, education and alcohol consumption. However, some reasons for missing ART are masked in participants’ limited knowledge in taking ART, disbelief in ART benefits, feelings that ART gives unwanted HIV status reminder and experiencing discrimination when seeking ART services. These underscores need to improve staff (health personnel) attitudes, staff-patient-communication, and proper ART prior initiation counselling of patients. Future studies need to focus on assessing long-term ART non-adherence trends and predictors using larger samples in many treatment centres and regions.
Brussels Housing
Authors: Ledent Gérald 
Published: April 2023

Résumé. Cet article présente l’ouvrage Brussels Housing, paru en février dernier aux éditions Birkhäuser et signé par un professeur et un chercheur de LOCI+LAB. Il retrace l’évolution de l’architecture du logement à Bruxelles. Cette histoire est narrée en trois volets : depuis les origines de la ville jusqu’à la formation de son type le plus courant, ensuite d'autres formes de logement présentes sur le territoire par comparaison avec ce type dominant et, enfin, les tendances actuelles en termes de logement. Trois récits parallèles rendent compte de cette histoire architecturale et lui donnent une épaisseur complémentaire. Le premier articule des textes et des images d’archives. Le second développe des diptyques photographiques réalisés par Maxime Delvaux. Le troisième est un atlas de dessins de 108 cas significatifs du territoire bruxellois.
Abstract. This article presents the book Brussels Housing, which has just been published by Birkhäuser and is signed by a professor and a researcher of LOCI+LAB. It traces the evolution of housing architecture in Brussels. This history is conveyed in three stages: from the origins of the city to the establishment of its most common type, other forms of housing present in Brussels in comparison with this dominant type, and current trends in housing. Three parallel narratives capture this architectural history by giving it complementary approaches. The first articulates texts and archives. The second develops photographic diptychs shot by Maxime Delvaux. The third is an atlas of drawings of 108 significant cases of the Brussels territory.
Keywords. Brussels · housing· atlas· typology · urban architecture
Profit Optimization for a Manufacturing Supply Chain Under Carbon Emission and with Inventory - Price Based Demand
Authors: Shekhawat Santsoh , Rathore Himanshu , Sharma Kalpna 
Published: April 2023

Highlights: A manufacturing supply chain dealing with decaying inventory is studied with three production sub-cycles. Price-based demand, the Weibull degradation rate and carbon tax policy are taken into account. Price, carbon emission factor, cycle length and production period are decision variables to increase profit.
Goal: The research work aims to maximize profit for a manufacturing supply chain dealing with deteriorating inventories. To maximize profit, the optimum value of production cycle length, total cycle length, price, and emission factor were studied.
Projeto/ Metodologia/ Abordagem : Uma cadeia de suprimentos de manufatura é estudada a fim de maximizar o lucro. Todas as suposições são apresentadas matematicamente como um modelo de função de lucro. Usando um problema numérico, a análise e as implicações práticas do problema de otimização projetada foram demonstradas. Finalmente, uma conclusão eficiente é construída para demonstrar a aplicabilidade do modelo de lucro de otimização com base na análise de sensibilidade.
Resultados: Conclui-se que para maximizar o lucro, a duração do ciclo, o preço e a emissão de carbono precisam ser minimizados e maximizados a duração da produção. Conclui-se também que à medida que o preço aumenta a demanda diminui que diminui o lucro.
Limitações da investigação : O modelo de lucro é projetado sob certas premissas, como taxa de deterioração, taxa de demanda, ciclos numéricos, portanto, o modelo é aplicável a tais condições.
Implicações práticas : Este trabalho de pesquisa pode ajudar a gerenciar a cadeia de suprimentos de manufatura para a deterioração dos estoques para maximizar o lucro com o mínimo de emissão de carbono.
Originalidade / valores : O presente trabalho de pesquisa é motivado pelos problemas dos fabricantes e organizações que lidam com estoques deteriorados.
Comparison of scoliosis diagnostic capabilities in screening of schoolchildren by computer optical topography and video rasterstereography using TODP and Formetric topographs
Authors: Sarnadskiy V. N. , Batorov D. Yu. , Shchuchkina O. A. 
Published: April 2023

Objective. To analyze the results of scoliosis diagnostics during the examination of the same group of schoolchildren by TODP and Formetriс topographs.Material and Methods. A total of 364 schoolchildren (197 girls and 167 boys, mean age 8.92 ± 1.9 years) were examined, divided into 3 age groups: 6–8 years old (n = 135, mean age 7.22 ± 0.7 years), 8–10 years old (n = 134 children, mean age 8.95 ± 0.56 years), 10–12 years old (n = 95 children, mean age 11.35 ± 1.59 years). Schoolchildren were examined in turn by computer optical topography (TODP, released in 2021, WTOPO 5.4-2021 software) and video raster stereography (Formetric 4D released in 2015, DICAM2.6.4 software). Three standard screening poses were used for TODP, and one pose with averaging 12 frames – for Formetric.Results. The obtained statistics on the distribution of topographic analogs of the Cobb angle (the angle of lateral asymmetry for TODP and the angle of scoliosis for Formetric) showed a significant discrepancy in the percentage of detected scoliosis cases: 0–5° – 50,0 % (TODP) and 4.1 % (Formetric); 5–7° – 33.8 % and 9.3 %; 7–9° – 12.4 % and 17.9 %; 9–15° – 3.8 % and 51.6 %; 15–25° – 0,0 % and 16.2 %; 25–50° – 0,0 % and 0.8 %, respectively. Clinically significant cases of scoliosis (9° or more) in the age groups was 3.7 %, 2.2 %, 6.6 % (mean – 3.8 %) for TODP and 71.1 %, 70.1 %, 63.2 % (average – 68.7 %) for Formetric. At the same time, only 14 cases of clinically significant scoliosis (from 9° to 15°), including 9 structural and 5 compensatory scoliosis, were detected by TODP, and 250 scoliosis cases (188 – from 9° to 15°, 59 – from 15° to 25°, 3 – from 25° to 37°) – by Formetric. For 9 structural scoliosis cases (according to TODP), the Formetric diagnosis coincided completely only in 2 cases and partially in 3 (55 %), and in 5 cases of compensatory scoliosis (according to TODP) it coincided completely in 3 cases and partially in 1 (80 %).Conclusion. According to the results of topographic screening of 364 schoolchildren using the TODP topograph, 3.8 % of scoliosis cases of 9° or more was detected, which corresponds to the average screening data in a number of countries around the world. Examination of the same schoolchildren using the Formetric topograph revealed 68.7 % of cases of scoliosis of 9° or more, which allows us to judge about overdiagnosis and conclude that Formetric is poorly suited for topographic screening of scoliosis in schoolchildren.
Biomechanical analysis of variants of spinopelvic fixation of longitudinal sacral fractures by the finite element method
Authors: Kuleshov A. A. , Aganesov N. A. , Vetrile M. S. , Dol A. V. , Lisyansky I. N. , Makarov S. N. 
Published: April 2023

Objective. To analyze the strength of three types of spinopelvic fixation system configurations in longitudinal fracture of the sacrum by the finite element method.Material and Methods. Biomechanical analysis was carried out by the finite element method. A three-dimensional model of a segment of the spinopelvic complex (SPC), including the pelvic bones, sacrum and L4 and L5 vertebrae, was created on the basis of the CT scan results of a healthy patient. Then, a longitudinal fracture of the sacrum was simulated on the developed model of the sacrum on the left side in zone 1 according to the Denis classification. Further, a comparative assessment of three variants of spinopelvic fixation systems with the help of biomechanical computer modeling was carried out: bilateral spinopelvic system L4–S2Alar, bilateral spinopelvic system L4–S2Alar with transverse connector installation, and bilateral spinopelvic system L4–S2Alar with L-shaped rod installation. The stability of fixation, as well as the amount of loads acting on the fixation elements and bone tissues were determined.Results. As the rigidity of the structure increases by means of a transverse connector or an L-shaped rod, the load is redistributed between the screws located to the left and right of the fracture. The rigidity of the L4–S2Alar system with parallel, unconnected rods is much lower, which leads to a critical increase in loads on instrumentation and vertebrae.Conclusion. Analysis of three variants of spinopelvic fixation of longitudinal fractures of the sacrum by finite element method revealed that bilateral spinopelvic system with pedicle screws installed in the L4 and L5 vertebrae and pelvic screws installed in the iliac bones through the lateral masses of S2, two on each side (L4–S2 Alar) and connected by two parallel rods (variant 1) is the least strong in comparison with the other variants. The strength of the fixation increases when the structure is supplemented with a transverse connector between the rods (variant 2). The L4–S2 Alar design with an L-shaped rod on the side of the longitudinal fracture of the sacrum (variant 3) proved to be the most strong.
Comparative analysis of surgical methods for the treatment of grade I and II spondylolisthesis of the L5 vertebra
Authors: Kiselev A. A. , Gushcha A. O. 
Published: April 2023

Objective. To analyze clinical and radiological results of surgical treatment of patients with isthmic spondylolisthesis of the L5 vertebra using anterior axial fusion and transpedicular stabilization with interbody fusion performed through the posterior approach.Material and Methods. The study involved 71 patients with isthmic grade I and II spondylolisthesis of the L5 vertebra. The patients were divided into two groups: the study group included 25 patients, and the control group – 46. All patients of the study group underwent presacral axial fusion. Patients in the control group underwent transpedicular stabilization combined with TLIF. The results of surgical treatment of patients were assessed using the MacNab scale, the ODI questionnaire and the VAS scale, and the severity of neurological disorders was assessed using the Francel scale.Results. The duration of surgical intervention in the study group averaged 67 ± 23 min, and in the control group – 135 ± 45 min. The length of hospital stay in the study group was 3 ± 1 days, and in the control group – 5 ± 2 days. Good results were obtained in all cases. In the postoperative period, the average indicators of pain syndrome in the study group after 14 days were 2.0 ± 1.0 points, after 1 month – 1.0 ± 0.7 points and after 1 year – 0.5 ± 0.5 points, and in the control group 2.5 ± 0.5 points, 2 ± 1 points and 0.5 ± 0.3 points, respectively. The average indicators of the general condition in the study group according to the ODI after 14 days was 32.3 ± 8.1 %, after 1 month – 8.1 ± 4.4 % and after 1 year – 4.3 ± 1.8 %, and in the control group 30.2 ± 5.2 %, 6.3 ± 2.2 % and 2.1 ± 1.9 %, respectively. When assessing the duration of the surgical intervention, it turned out that performing presacral axial fusion reduced the duration of the operation by 2 times, and the length of the hospital stay – by 1.5 times.Conclusion. The results of surgical treatment of patients with grade I and II isthmic spondylolisthesis without sagittal imbalance using transpedicular fixation combined with TLIF and those using presacral axial fusion are comparable. However, due to reducing intraoperative trauma, the method of presacral axial fusion allows to reduce the surgery duration and the length of hospital stay.
Polysegmental and multilevel lesions in hematogenous vertebral osteomyelitis: assessment of immediate and long-term results
Authors: Bazarov A. Yu. , Sergeyev K. S. , Sidoryak N. P. 
Published: April 2023

Objective. To analyze the results of treatment of disseminated (polysegmental and multilevel) forms of hematogenous vertebral osteomyelitis (HVO) as compared with those of monosegmental and monovertebral lesions.Material and Methods. A retrospective analysis of a monocenter cohort of 266 patients with hematogenous osteomyelitis of the spine for 2006 to 2019 was carried out. Patients were divided into two groups: Group A (polysegmental and multilevel lesions) included 33 (12.4 %) patients and Group B (monosegmental and monovertebral lesions) – 233 (87.6 %) patients. The main examination methods were: clinical, radiological (standardized roentgenography, CT), MRI, microbiological, histological and statistical ones.Results. Comparison revealed that involvement of the cervical (p < 0.001) and thoracic (p = 0.014) spine was more typical for polysegmental and multilevel lesions. There was a tendency to the predominance of type A lesions according to the Pola classification in patients with local forms (p = 0.078) and to the increase in type C lesions in polysegmental and multilevel processes (p = 0.035). The number of neurological complications was higher in polysegmental and multilevel lesions (p = 0.003). There were no significant differences in the treatment results, the number of relapses and mortality rate between the compared groups.Conclusion. Lesions of the cervical and thoracic spine and the presence of a neurological deterioration are typical for multilevel and polysegmental HVO. The formation of a multilevel lesion in different regions of the spine with a gap of 2–4 weeks or more requires a separate implementation of the diagnostic algorithm, defining of classification criteria and differentiated treatment tactics for each focus.
Clinical features of infectious spondylitis in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Yesin I. V. , Perecmanas E. O. , Tulkova T. E. 
Published: April 2023

Objective. To analyze the clinical features of the course of infectious spondylitis in patients with COVID-19.Material and Methods. A continuous retrospective study was performed with the analysis of medical records of 52 patients with infectious spondylitis who were treated in 2021–2022. The patients were divided into two groups: the study group (n = 24) – with a history of a new coronavirus infection; and the control group (n = 28) – without coronavirus infection.Results. The features of infectious spondylitis in patients with COVID-19 are the predominance of facultative anaerobic gram-negative flora in the focus of infection, a higher frequency of multilevel lesions, a tendency to increase the number of negative results of surgical treatment, and a chronic protracted course. At the same time, the course of infectious spondylitis associated with COVID-19 is accompanied by less destructive changes in the affected segment leading to a violation of the supporting function of the spine. Nevertheless, there is a statistically significant increase in the period of relief of the inflammatory process in the spine in these patients: 18.04 ± 3.84 weeks in the study group and 10.08 ± 2.34 weeks in the control group (Uemp < 240; p = 0.001).Conclusion. The secondary infectious lesion of the spine against the background of a new coronavirus infection is caused by gram-negative pathogens in the vast majority of cases, proceeds without severe bone destruction, with a tendency to a chronic protracted course. Surgical treatment of COVID-associated spondylitis is associated with a higher risk of postoperative complications.
Symptomatic arachnoiditis ossificans associated with syringomyelia: a clinical case and a brief literature review
Authors: Kovalenko R. A. , Osipova N. V. , Mineev V. A. , Mitrofanova L. B. 
Published: April 2023

Objective. To present a clinical case of arachnoiditis ossificans associated with syringomyelia and a brief literature review with an emphasis on its etiology, pathogenesis and methods of diagnosis and treatment.Material and Methods. A clinical case of a 68-year-old patient with symptomatic arachnoiditis ossificans is described. The diagnosis was established on the basis of the results of intraoperative biopsy, histological examination of the resected fragment and confirmed in the postoperative period using CT of the spinal cord, multislice CT myelography, etc. Analysis of the course of the pathology raised the following questions: diagnostic criteria and optimal tactics for treating this disease. A brief review of cases of arachnoiditis ossificans described in the literature for the period from 1982 to the present is given.Results. A review of cases of ossifying arachnoiditis described in the literature showed that today there is no single tactic for diagnosing and treating this disease. In most cases, the diagnosis is established intraoperatively (65 % of analyzed cases). At the preoperative stage, CT provides reliable visualization of ossification. When choosing therapy, it is necessary to be based on the severity of the clinical picture, the degree of ossification of the arachnoid membrane and the presence of concomitant pathology of the affected spinal cord department (such as syringomyelia).Conclusion. The presence of a growing neurological deficit should be considered an indication for surgical treatment of patients with arachnoiditis ossificans. The goals of surgery should include decompression of neural structures and restoration of normal cerebrospinal fluid circulation.
Instrumental variable regression via kernel maximum moment loss
Authors: Zhang Rui , Imaizumi Masaaki , Schölkopf Bernhard , Muandet Krikamol 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe investigate a simple objective for nonlinear instrumental variable (IV) regression based on a kernelized conditional moment restriction known as a maximum moment restriction (MMR). The MMR objective is formulated by maximizing the interaction between the residual and the instruments belonging to a unit ball in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space. First, it allows us to simplify the IV regression as an empirical risk minimization problem, where the risk function depends on the reproducing kernel on the instrument and can be estimated by aU-statistic orV-statistic. Second, on the basis this simplification, we are able to provide consistency and asymptotic normality results in both parametric and nonparametric settings. Finally, we provide easy-to-use IV regression algorithms with an efficient hyperparameter selection procedure. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithms using experiments on both synthetic and real-world data.
Numerical modeling of connected piled raft foundation under seismic loading in layered soils
Authors: Ali Ahmed M. , Karkush Mahdi O. , Al-Jorany Ala N. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUntil recently, the behavior of connected piled raft foundation was not fully understood in the seismically active region due to the complex dynamic soil–pile–foundation structure interaction. This concern arises when the soil deposit-supported foundations are stratified or heterogynous and subjected to high ground motion intensity. In the current study, a series of numerical analyses using ABAQUS software have been conducted on a pile group of (3 × 3) arranged into a square pattern to investigate the seismic response of piled foundations embedded in dry sandy soil (homogenous and layered), and how the amplification of propagated waves affects the bending moment along piles. For mesh generation, an artificial boundary condition using the tied-nodes approach was adopted to simulate the free-field motion of soil under earthquake excitation. The structure used a single degree of freedom with a lumped mass. Moreover, Mohr–Coulomb and linear elastic models have been chosen for soil and pile–raft, respectively. The results demonstrate that the foundation rocking increases in stratified soil compared to homogenous soil, irrespective of the seismic intensity. The maximum bending moment was observed at the pile head in homogenous soil and shallow depths in layered soil because of the kinematic interaction at the soil interface. The results also indicated that the amplification factor (acceleration at a certain depth to the acceleration at bedrock) was found to be 203 and 189% in homogenous soil for PGA values of 0.1 and 0.33 g, respectively. Almost there were no effects of seismic intensity in layered soil on the amplified waves transmitted into the soil surface.