bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antifouling Properties of Poly(2‐Oxazoline)s and Poly(2‐Oxazine)s: Direct Comparison of Polymer‐Coated Surfaces with the Same Coating Parameters
Authors: Svoboda Jan , Lusiani Niccolo , Sivkova Radoslava , Pop‐Georgievski Ognen , Sedlacek Ondrej 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study presents a systematic comparison of the antifouling properties of water‐soluble poly(2‐oxazoline) (PAOx) and poly(2‐oxazine) (PAOzi) brushes grafted to gold surfaces. PAOx and PAOzi are emerging polymer classes in biomedical sciences and are being considered superior alternatives to widely used polyethylene glycol (PEG). Four different polymers, poly(2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PMeOx), poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PEtOx), poly(2‐methyl‐2‐oxazine) (PMeOzi), and poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazine) (PEtOzi), each of them in three different chain lengths, are synthesized and characterized for their antifouling properties. Results show that all polymer‐modified surfaces display better antifouling properties than bare gold surfaces as well as analogous PEG coatings. The antifouling properties increase in the following order: PEtOx < PMeOx ≈ PMeOzi < PEtOzi. The study suggests that the resistance to protein fouling derives from both surface hydrophilicity and the molecular structural flexibility of the polymer brushes. PEtOzi brushes with moderate hydrophilicity show the best antifouling performance, possibly due to their highest chain flexibility. Overall, the research contributes to the understanding of antifouling properties in PAOx and PAOzi polymers, with potential applications in various biomaterials.
Finite element based model for predicting induced residual stresses and cutting forces in AISI 1020 steel alloy
Authors: Bosire R. N. , Muvengei O. M. , Mutua J. M. , Kimotho J. K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe application of finite element models is a promising method for ensuring part quality during machining to accurately predict induced residual stresses and cutting forces. The present study applied Analysis System software to formulate a 3D model to predict induced residual stress and forces for AISI 1020 alloy. Taguchi method was applied in the design of the experiment with three levels and three factors selected: Cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut. For validation, stresses are measured using an x‐ray diffractometer from the surface to a depth of 0.6 mm in steps of 0.2 mm. The cutting forces are determined using a force dynamometer. Simulation results showed that cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut contributed 94.76 %, 0.048 %, and 0.11 % respectively. The predictive model equations were statistically significant with a p‐value of <0.005. The average induced residual stress on the superficial layer from the experiment and simulation were −367.7 MPa and −365.6 MPa respectively. The average residual stresses obtained at depths of 0.2 mm, 0.4 mm, and 0.6 mm were −260 MPa, −233 MPa, and −211 MPa, respectively. The proposed model offers a potential solution to reducing the costs of experimental methods.
Testing and modeling for the tensile strength of nylon badminton string at different processing conditions
Authors: Ji F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNylon is a thermoplastic engineering material widely used in several applications. But to increase the application of nylon in sports, the focus of this work was to optimize the tensile strength of nylon for badminton string. In particular, the testing conditions (temperature, relative humidity and tensile rate) were investigated. The results obtained showed that increasing the processing temperature and humidity both had a negative effect on tensile strength, while increasing the tensile rate had a positive effect. Then, a mathematical model to predict the tensile strength was established by using a response surface methodology and the optimal conditions were verified to validate the parameters. Furthermore, an analysis of variance was used to determine the significant effect of each term on the final response. Based on the results obtained, it was found that the optimum processing temperature is 2.9 °C with a relative humidity of 0 % when the tensile rate is 60 mm/min.
Investigating the mechanical properties of sisal/coconut palm hybrid fiber reinforced epoxy composite
Authors: Okpe P. C. , Folorunso O. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this study, a facile hybridization of sisal/coconut palm reinforced epoxy composite, is presented. The fabrication method involved the use of hand lay‐up techniques. The results of the fabricated composites were investigated by using the universal testing machine, hardness testing machine, scanning electron microscope, and an impact testing machine. In order to obtain optimize results for the tensile, flexural, and impact strengths of the fabricated samples, the fabrication procedures involved varying the volume fractions of sisal and coconut palm hybrid with different compositions. The maximum tensile, flexural, and impact strengths measured for the fabricated fiber/polymer composite, are: 45 MPa, 90 MPa, and 38.9 kJ/m2. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x‐ray spectrometry (EDS) of the composites showed that the composites with equal volume fractions of sisal and coconut palm fiber exhibited better performance and better mechanical properties. Furthermore, the improved mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength were obtained with fibers of longer length. By considering the excellent mechanical properties of the fabricated composite, it is envisaged that the composite be suitable for the manufacturing of helmet, automobile and train coach interiors.
Deep drawing formability of AZ31 magnesium alloy based on magnetorheological elastomer support
Authors: Dai Y. , Fu Z. , Liu X. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the flexible support mould is designed by using magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) to assist in the deep‐drawing of magnesium alloys. Based on the magnesium alloy mechanical tensile test and magnetorheological elastomer regular force experiments, the deep‐drawing process of AZ31 magnesium alloy supported by support mould was numerically simulated by finite‐element analysis software ABAQUS. By varying the current input to the excitation coil to change the magnetic induction intensity and thus adjust the magnetic normal force of the magnetorheological elastomer, then using magnetic normal force to complete the auxiliary sheet metal deep‐drawing. The results show that, compared with the unsupported mould, the supported mould can effectively reduce the maximum thinning rate of magnesium alloy on the original basis, thus effectively increasing the ultimate depth of magnesium alloy deep‐drawing. It can replace the original buffer device, effectively solution the problem of pulling and cracking at the bottom of magnesium alloy caused by the original excessive damping force, and improve the yield rate of workpiece.
Tribological behavior of sintered electrolytic iron‐zinc stearate added compacts
Authors: Kumar S. , Kumar S. R. , Vettivel S. C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPowder metallurgy is an effective method to give near net shape to powder particles. In this paper, the influence of powder particle size, lubricant and compaction load on hardness and wear loss has been investigated as it influences the compact. Electrolytic iron powder (250 mesh to 300 mesh and 300 mesh to 350 mesh) with zinc stearate (0 weight % to 2 weight %) was used for preparing the samples. Green samples were prepared by cold compaction process at different loads (400 kN, 450 kN and 500 kN). Pre‐sintering was done at 550 °C. Taguchi′s (L18) mixed level model was used to develop the regression equation for hardness and wear loss. The maximum hardness of 79 HRB was achieved with 300 mesh to 350 mesh particle size and 500 kN compaction load. Minimum wear volume loss was observed with samples having composition of 250 mesh to 300 mesh size electrolytic iron powder at 500 kN compaction load and 1 weight % lubricant content.
Patterns of TDP‐43 Deposition in Brains with LRRK2 G2019S Mutations
Authors: Agin‐Liebes Julian , Hickman Richard A. , Vonsattel Jean Paul , Faust Phyllis L. , Flowers Xena , Utkina Sosunova Irina , Ntiri Joel , Mayeux Richard , Surface Matthew , Marder Karen , Fahn Stanley , Przedborski Serge , Alcalay Roy N. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess for TDP‐43 deposits in brains with and without a LRRK2 G2019S mutation.Background
LRRK2 G2019S mutations have been associated with parkinsonism and a wide range of pathological findings. There are no systematic studies examining the frequency and extent of TDP‐43 deposits in neuropathological samples from LRRK2 G2019S carriers.MethodsTwelve brains with LRRK2 G2019S mutations were available for study from the New York Brain Bank at Columbia University; 11 of them had samples available for TDP‐43 immunostaining. Clinical, demographic, and pathological data are reported for 11 brains with a LRRK2 G2019S mutation and compared to 11 brains without GBA1 or LRRK2 G2019S mutations with a pathologic diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) or diffuse Lewy body disease. They were frequency matched by age, gender, parkinsonism age of onset, and disease duration.ResultsTDP‐43 aggregates were present in 73% (n = 8) of brains with a LRRK2 mutation and 18% (n = 2) of brains without a LRRK2 mutation (P = 0.03). In one brain with a LRRK2 mutation, TDP‐43 proteinopathy was the primary neuropathological change.ConclusionsExtranuclear TDP‐43 aggregates are observed with greater frequency in LRRK2 G2019S autopsies compared to PD cases without a LRRK2 G2019S mutation. The association between LRRK2 and TDP‐43 should be further explored. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
CT‐based deep multi‐label learning prediction model for outcome in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ma Baoqiang , Guo Jiapan , Zhai Tian‐Tian , van der Schaaf Arjen , Steenbakkers Roel J. H. M. , van Dijk Lisanne V. , Both Stefan , Langendijk Johannes A. , Zhang Weichuan , Qiu Bingjiang , van Ooijen Peter M. A. , Sijtsema Nanna M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundPersonalized treatment is increasingly required for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) patients due to emerging new cancer subtypes and treatment options. Outcome prediction model can help identify low or high‐risk patients who may be suitable to receive de‐escalation or intensified treatment approaches.PurposeTo develop a deep learning (DL)‐based model for predicting multiple and associated efficacy endpoints in OPSCC patients based on computed tomography (CT).MethodsTwo patient cohorts were used in this study: a development cohort consisting of 524 OPSCC patients (70% for training and 30% for independent testing) and an external test cohort of 396 patients. Pre‐treatment CT‐scans with the gross primary tumor volume contours (GTVt) and clinical parameters were available to predict endpoints, including 2‐year local control (LC), regional control (RC), locoregional control (LRC), distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS), disease‐specific survival (DSS), overall survival (OS), and disease‐free survival (DFS). We proposed DL outcome prediction models with the multi‐label learning (MLL) strategy that integrates the associations of different endpoints based on clinical factors and CT‐scans.ResultsThe multi‐label learning models outperformed the models that were developed based on a single endpoint for all endpoints especially with high AUCs ≥ 0.80 for 2‐year RC, DMFS, DSS, OS, and DFS in the internal independent test set and for all endpoints except 2‐year LRC in the external test set. Furthermore, with the models developed, patients could be stratified into high and low‐risk groups that were significantly different for all endpoints in the internal test set and for all endpoints except DMFS in the external test set.ConclusionMLL models demonstrated better discriminative ability for all 2‐year efficacy endpoints than single outcome models in the internal test and for all endpoints except LRC in the external set.
Deep learning‐based markerless lung tumor tracking in stereotactic radiotherapy using Siamese networks
Authors: Grama Dragos , Dahele Max , van Rooij Ward , Slotman Ben , Gupta Deepak K. , Verbakel Wilko F. A. R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundRadiotherapy (RT) is involved in about 50% of all cancer patients, making it a very important treatment modality. The most common type of RT is external beam RT, which consists of delivering the radiation to the tumor from outside the body. One novel treatment delivery method is volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), where the gantry continuously rotates around the patient during the radiation delivery.PurposeAccurate tumor position monitoring during stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for lung tumors can help to ensure that the tumor is only irradiated when it is inside the planning target volume. This can maximize tumor control and reduce uncertainty margins, lowering organ‐at‐risk dose. Conventional tracking methods are prone to errors, or have a low tracking rate, especially for small tumors that are in close vicinity to bony structures.MethodsWe investigated patient‐specific deep Siamese networks for real‐time tumor tracking, during VMAT. Due to lack of ground truth tumor locations in the kilovoltage (kV) images, each patient‐specific model was trained on synthetic data (DRRs), generated from the 4D planning CT scans, and evaluated on clinical data (x‐rays). Since there are no annotated datasets with kV images, we evaluated the model on a 3D printed anthropomorphic phantom but also on six patients by computing the correlation coefficient with the breathing‐related vertical displacement of the surface‐mounted marker (RPM). For each patient/phantom, we used 80% of DRRs for training and 20% for validation.ResultsThe proposed Siamese model outperformed the conventional benchmark template matching‐based method (RTR): (1) when evaluating both methods on the 3D phantom, the Siamese model obtained a 0.57–0.79‐mm mean absolute distance to the ground truth tumor locations, compared to 1.04–1.56 mm obtained by RTR; (2) on patient data, the Siamese‐determined longitudinal tumor position had a correlation coefficient of 0.71–0.98 with the RPM, compared to 0.07–0.85 for RTR; (3) the Siamese model had a 100% tracking rate, compared to 62%–82% for RTR.ConclusionsBased on these results, we argue that Siamese‐based real‐time 2D markerless tumor tracking during radiation delivery is possible. Further investigation and development of 3D tracking is warranted.
High resolution single‐shot myocardial imaging using bSSFP with wave encoding
Authors: Zhu Yanjie , Wang Che , Su Shi , Qiu Zhilang , Yan Zhonghong , Liang Dong , Wang Yining , Wang Haifeng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundSingle‐shot balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) sequence is widely used in cardiac imaging. However, the limited scan time in one heartbeat greatly hinders its spatial resolution compared to the segmented acquisition mode. Therefore, a highly accelerated single‐shot bSSFP imaging technology is needed for clinical use.PurposeTo develop and evaluate a wave‐encoded bSSFP sequence with high acceleration rates for single‐shot myocardial imaging.MethodsThe proposed Wave‐bSSFP method is implemented by adding a sinusoidal wave gradient in the phase encoding direction during the readout of bSSFP sequence. Uniform undersampling is used for acceleration. Its performance was first validated via phantom studies by comparison with conventional bSSFP. Then it was evaluated in volunteer studies via anatomical imaging, T2‐prepared bSSFP, and T1 mapping in in‐vivo cardiac imaging. All methods were compared with accelerated conventional bSSFP reconstructed using iterative SENSE and compressed sensing (CS), to demonstrate the advantage of wave encoding in suppressing the noise amplification and artifacts induced by acceleration.ResultsThe proposed Wave‐bSSFP method achieved a high acceleration factor of 4 for single‐shot acquisitions. The proposed method showed lower average g‐factors than bSSFP, and fewer blurring artifacts than CS reconstruction. The Wave‐bSSFP with R = 4 achieved higher spatial and temporal resolutions compared with the conventional bSSFP with R = 2 in several applications such as T2‐prepared bSSFP and T1 mapping, and could be applied in systolic imaging.ConclusionWave encoding can be used to highly accelerate 2D bSSFP imaging with single‐shot acquisitions. Compared with the conventional bSSFP sequence, the proposed Wave‐bSSFP method can effectively reduce the g‐factor and aliasing artifacts in cardiac imaging.
Influence of occupational exposure to antineoplastic agents on adverse pregnancy outcomes among nurses: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Shuhan , Huang Yanshan , Huang Hong , Hu Song , Zhong Xiao , Peng Ji , Zhang Xiaoming , Huang Xiaohong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimThis study aimed to explore the relationship between nurses' occupational exposure to antineoplastic agents and adverse pregnancy outcomes.DesignMeta‐analysis.MethodsData were retrieved from studies published before April 2022 in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, the Web of Science, Embase databases, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Biology Medicine disc (CBM), China Science and Technology Journal databases (VIP) and Wan Fang databases (WF). Stata MP (Version 17.0) was used to conduct this meta‐analysis.ResultsThe current evidence shows that occupational exposure to antineoplastic agents increases nurses' risk of spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, and congenital abnormalities. It is necessary to pay attention to occupational exposures caused by antineoplastic agents, especially for female nurses of reproductive age. Managers should take timely and effective countermeasures to ensure their occupational safety and reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Virtual element method for elliptic bulk‐surface PDEs in three space dimensions
Authors: Frittelli Massimo , Madzvamuse Anotida , Sgura Ivonne 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this work we present a novel bulk‐surface virtual element method (BSVEM) for the numerical approximation of elliptic bulk‐surface partial differential equations in three space dimensions. The BSVEM is based on the discretization of the bulk domain into polyhedral elements with arbitrarily many faces. The polyhedral approximation of the bulk induces a polygonal approximation of the surface. We present a geometric error analysis of bulk‐surface polyhedral meshes independent of the numerical method. Then, we show that BSVEM has optimal second‐order convergence in space, provided the exact solution is in the bulk and on the surface, where the additional is due to the combined effect of surface curvature and polyhedral elements close to the boundary. We show that general polyhedra can be exploited to reduce the computational time of the matrix assembly. Two numerical examples on the unit sphere and on the Dupin ring cyclide confirm the convergence result.
Panoramic radiography and computed tomography of metastatic breast carcinoma in the mandible: Report of a case
Authors: Ogura Ichiro , Okada Yasuo , Mizuhashi Fumi , Mizuhashi Ryo , Oohashi Makoto , Saegusa Hisato 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundBreast carcinoma is a common tumor in women, but it rarely metastasizes to the oral region.Case presentationAn 83‐year‐old woman presented with numbness and pain on the right side of the mandible. The patient's medical history included breast cancer that was treated with surgery. Panoramic radiograph showed a radiolucency with ill‐defined margin in the right mandible. CT images showed an osteolytic lesion with cortical bone destruction in the right mandible. Histopathological diagnosis was invasive ductal carcinoma.ConclusionDental practitioner should be aware that metastatic tumor of the mandible may occur in the patient with breast cancer.
Enhanced mechanical and damping properties of carbon fiber/epoxy composites by introducing the microcapsule particles
Authors: Dong Xiaowen , Li Ao , Yan Yangyang , Wang Ping 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBecause of the high strength, high modulus, and lightweight, carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites have been extensively used in aerospace and high‐speed aircraft. In the present study, a high damping carbon fiber/epoxy (CF/EP) composites reinforced by microcapsule particles is prepared on the premise of guaranteeing the mechanical properties of CF/EP composites. Through flexural tests, interlayer shear tests, scanning electron microscopy, and vibration damping tests, the impacts of different components of microcapsules on the mechanical and damping properties of CF/EP are investigated. The microcapsule particles are composed of a polyurethane shell and internal silicone oil. The results demonstrate that the flexural, interlaminar shear properties and damping properties of CF/EP composites are effectively enhanced by appropriate amount of microcapsule particles. When the content is 3 vol%, the flexural strength of CF/EP composites is elevated by 1.68% with 734.392 MPa. In addition, the interlaminar shear strength of CF/EP composites is elevated by 4.91%, which is 42.8 MPa. Besides, the damping properties of CF/EP composites increase with the increasing content of microcapsule particles. When the content of microcapsule particles is 8 vol%, the damping ratio of CF/EP composites is elevated by 39.51%, which is 3.22%.
Focusing on the positive or the negative: Self‐construal moderates negativity bias in impression updating
Authors: Xie Dandan , Chen Suya , Wu Yanhong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNegativity bias refers to the phenomenon whereby people put more weight on negative information. Although evolutionarily favorable for survival, negative bias in impression processing is detrimental to relationships and cooperation. To explore whether the motivation to maintain relationships, indicated by self‐construal, mitigates negativity bias, two studies were conducted. In study 1, participants interacted with three agents (worsened, improved, baseline) in a modified social learning task and evaluated the moral level of these agents. Results showed that positivity bias appeared among interdependent individuals, with larger updating for the improved agent than for the worsened agent. Moreover, interdependent individuals exhibited less immediate decreases toward the worsened agent and steeper increases toward the improved agent than did independent individuals. To validate the results of study 1, we used a narrative description paradigm in study 2. Participants read the behavior descriptions of agents and rated them on morality. The negativity bias was significantly mitigated among individuals with high interdependence, though it did not reverse. These results indicate that interdependent individuals focus more on positive information when others change, yielding a more positive pattern in impression updating. This flexible interpersonal coping strategy can bring advantages to social interaction and cooperation.
Investigation of a new promising process for the RDX synthesis via 1,3,5‐triacetyl‐1,3,5‐triazinane (TRAT)
Authors: Klapötke Thomas M. , Lechner Jasmin T. , Stanislawski Leon W. B. , Stierstorfer Jörg , Mühlemann Moritz , Lemarchand Guillaume 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDespite intensive research for possible replacements, RDX (1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazinane) is still considered to be one of the most important energetic materials because of its versatile application. Due to the high demand for RDX, optimization of synthesis and development of new methods are of great interest to both academia and industry. Therefore, in this work, the synthesis of RDX via the intermediate TRAT (1,3,5‐triacetycl‐1,3,5‐triazinane) was investigated as a possible alternative industrial production method. In addition to the synthesis of TRAT starting from 1,3,5 trioxane, various feasible nitration methods from TRAT to RDX were investigated. Moreover, the suitability for large‐scale production, the comparison of already established methods and the feasibility of a new flow process were discussed.