bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-frequency measurement of concentration in an isothermal methane–air gas mixture using spontaneous Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Rodrigues Jocelino , Weller Lee , De Domenico Francesca , Hochgreb Simone 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA high-frequency (1.5 kHz) spontaneous Raman spectroscopy measurement technique is developed and applied to measure external fluctuations generated in the local concentration of an isothermal binary gas mixture of methane and air. Raman excitation is provided by a high-frequency laser at 527 nm in dual-pulsed mode. The Stokes Raman signal is collected using an EMCCD camera coupled to a high-frequency intensifier as a shutter. The emitted signal is collected over the 596–627 nm wavelength range, which allows for the simultaneous tracking of methane and nitrogen Stokes Q-branch mode signals. Calibration curves are initially obtained for each species ($${\text{CH}}_{4}$$

CH
4

and $${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$$

N
2

) based on steady-state concentrations, and further corrected during use to detect local unsteady mixture fluctuations at gas pulsation frequencies up to 250 Hz. The main novelty is the demonstration of Raman spectroscopy for the simultaneous multispecies measurement of unsteady concentrations of gas-phase methane and air mixtures using a laser beam with a high-repetition rate, low energy per pulse, combined with a high-frequency intensifier and a single camera.
A fractional-order mathematical model for lung cancer incorporating integrated therapeutic approaches
Authors: Amilo David , Kaymakamzade Bilgen , Hincal Evren 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper addresses the dynamics of lung cancer by employing a fractional-order mathematical model that investigates the combined therapy of surgery and immunotherapy. The significance of this study lies in its exploration of the effects of surgery and immunotherapy on tumor growth rate and the immune response to cancer cells. To optimize the treatment dosage based on tumor response, a feedback control system is designed using control theory, and Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle is utilized to derive the necessary conditions for optimality. The results reveal that the reproduction number $$(R_0)$$

(

R
0

)

is 2.6, indicating that a lung cancer cell would generate 2.6 new cancer cells during its lifetime. The reproduction coefficient $$(R_c)$$

(

R
c

)

is 0.22, signifying that cancer cells divide at a rate that is 0.22 times that of normal cells. The simulations demonstrate that the combined therapy approach yields significantly improved patient outcomes compared to either treatment alone. Furthermore, the analysis highlights the sensitivity of the steady-state solution to variations in $$k_5$$

k
5

(the rate of division of cancer stem cells) and $$k_{13}$$

k
13

(the rate of differentiation of cancer stem cells into progenitor cells). This research offers clinicians a valuable tool for developing personalized treatment plans for lung cancer patients, incorporating individual patient factors and tumor characteristics. The novelty of this work lies in its integration of surgery, immunotherapy, and control theory, extending beyond previous efforts in the literature.
Classification of magnetic order from electronic structure by using machine learning
Authors: Jang Yerin , Kim Choong H. , Go Ara 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIdentifying the magnetic state of materials is of great interest in a wide range of applications, but direct identification is not always straightforward due to limitations in neutron scattering experiments. In this work, we present a machine-learning approach using decision-tree algorithms to identify magnetism from the spin-integrated excitation spectrum, such as the density of states. The dataset was generated by Hartree–Fock mean-field calculations of candidate antiferromagnetic orders on a Wannier Hamiltonian, extracted from first-principle calculations targeting BaOsO$$_3$$

3

. Our machine learning model was trained using various types of spectral data, including local density of states, momentum-resolved density of states at high-symmetry points, and the lowest excitation energies from the Fermi level. Although the density of states shows good performance for machine learning, the broadening method had a significant impact on the model’s performance. We improved the model’s performance by designing the excitation energy as a feature for machine learning, resulting in excellent classification of antiferromagnetic order, even for test samples generated by different methods from the training samples used for machine learning.
Shift of human pathogen community composition and their potential human health risk after supply suspension in tap water
Authors: Liu Shengnan , Li Qisheng , Jiang Ruiming , Liu Peng , Zhang Xu-Xiang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWater supply suspension–restoration can occur frequently due to the overhauling of civil infrastructure in developing countries and the shutdown of commercial buildings during the pandemic. For comprehensive insights into the effects of water supply suspension–restoration, this study characterized the variations of the pathogen community composition of the tap water and their infection risk under different water supply scenarios. Metagenomic sequencing revealed a significant change of the human pathogen profiles, among which the most dominant pathogen changed from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.91%) to Acinetobacter johnsonii (0.59%). Furthermore, absolute quantification of pathogens by propidium-monoazide-qPCR revealed that the abundance of the three typical pathogens (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium avium and Salmonella sp.) showed an increase of 2.44 log to 3.60 log immediately after water supply suspension–restoration and did not return to the normal level even after 2-h supply restoration, except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Quantitative microbial risk assessment suggested the infection risks of the three pathogens arising from direct utilization of tap water under stable water supply, including dermal exposure and oral intake, were all above the threshold of 10−4, and evidently increased after water supply suspension–restoration. This study warns us against the risk induced by the pathogens in tap water, especially after water supply suspension–restoration.
Intraspecific trait variability facilitates tree species persistence along riparian forest edges in Southern Amazonia
Authors: Maracahipes-Santos Leonardo , Silvério Divino Vicente , Maracahipes Leandro , Macedo Marcia Nunes , Lenza Eddie , Jankowski Kathi Jo , Wong Michelle Y. , Silva Antônio Carlos Silveiro da , Neill Christopher , Durigan Giselda , Brando Paulo Monteiro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTropical forest fragmentation from agricultural expansion alters the microclimatic conditions of the remaining forests, with effects on vegetation structure and function. However, little is known about how the functional trait variability within and among tree species in fragmented landscapes influence and facilitate species’ persistence in these new environmental conditions. Here, we assessed potential changes in tree species’ functional traits in riparian forests within six riparian forests in cropland catchments (Cropland) and four riparian forests in forested catchments (Forest) in southern Amazonia. We sampled 12 common functional traits of 123 species across all sites: 64 common to both croplands and forests, 33 restricted to croplands, and 26 restricted to forests. We found that forest-restricted species had leaves that were thinner, larger, and with higher phosphorus (P) content, compared to cropland-restricted ones. Tree species common to both environments showed higher intraspecific variability in functional traits, with leaf thickness and leaf P concentration varying the most. Species turnover contributed more to differences between forest and cropland environments only for the stem-specific density trait. We conclude that the intraspecific variability of functional traits (leaf thickness, leaf P, and specific leaf area) facilitates species persistence in riparian forests occurring within catchments cleared for agricultural expansion in Amazonia.
Effect of moderate livestock grazing on soil and vegetation characteristics in zokor mounds of different ages
Authors: Zhang Qian , Lu Yan , Zhang Caijun , Yao Baohui , Su Junhu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMounds formed by plateau zokors (Eospalax baileyi) in alpine meadows are easily disturbed by livestock. We aimed to reveal the effect of moderate livestock grazing (from October 15 to March 15 of the following year) on plant and soil characteristics of zokor mounds. This study explored the effect of zokor mounds of different ages (2015–2018) on soil nutrient content, soil enzymatic activity, plant diversity, and aboveground biomass (AGB) at grazing and non-grazing sites. Compared with the non-grazing sites, soil organic carbon (SOC), total soil phosphorus, and ratio of SOC to total nitrogen were 16.6%–98.7% higher and soil urease activity was 8.4% and 9.6% higher in 1- and 3-year-old mounds, respectively, at the grazing sites. Grazing significantly increased the plant Pielou index, richness, and Shannon–Wiener diversity index of 4-year-old mounds by 20.7%–52.4%. Partial least squares path modeling showed that plant species diversity was the main factor affecting the plant AGB of mounds at the grazing sites, whereas soil enzyme activity was the primary factor at the non-grazing sites. We propose that moderate grazing increases soil nutrient content and the plant diversity in zokor mounds in alpine meadows, which should be considered in future grassland restoration.
Systemic evaluation of the risk of reoperations in pediatric populations with exotropia and esotropia: nested case–control study
Authors: Lee Ju-Yeun , Kim Seong Jae , Kim Hyuna 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe study aimed to assess the risk of reoperations for strabismus in the pediatric population and to identify high-risk groups. This was a nationwide population-based study that used data from the Korean National Health Claims Database from 2008 to 2020. Two major cohorts were established based on initial strabismus: age-, sex-, and recruitment year-matched controls were randomly selected. Patients aged ≤ 9 years who underwent initial strabismus surgery for exotropia and esotropia were included, resulting in a total of 24,816 patients included to this study. The cumulative incidence of reoperations was 843 per 10,000 persons for exotropia, 1559 per 10,000 persons for esotropia. To assess the significant exposure factors, conditional logistic regression was performed to obtain odds ratio (OR) in each cohort. In patients with exotropia, the OR of reoperations was 4.26 times higher when the initial surgery is performed at younger age (earlier than 3-year-old) and 6.49 times higher when only one eye underwent than two eye. Similarly, in patients with esotropia, younger age (6.57 times) and unilateral surgery (7.20 times) were identified as common factors that increase the risk of reoperations. Based on the findings, special attention is recommended for patients younger than 3 years, especially those performed unilateral surgery as initial intervention in practical settings.
Causal association between basal metabolic rate and risk of cardiovascular diseases: a univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Li Yihua , Zhai Huiqi , Kang Liang , Chu Qingmin , Zhao Xinjun , Li Rong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBasal metabolic rate (BMR) is associated with cardiovascular health; however, the causal relationship between BMR and the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential causal relationship of BMR on common CVDs including aortic aneurysm (AA), atrial fibrillation and flutter (AFF), calcific aortic valvular stenosis (CAVS), heart failure (HF), and myocardial infarction (MI) by Mendelian randomization (MR). The univariable MR analysis using inverse variance weighted (IVW) model as the primary analysis method revealed that genetically predicted higher BMR causally increased the risk of AA [IVW odds ratio (OR) = 1.34, 95% confidence interval CI  1.09–1.65, p = 0.00527], AFF (IVW OR = 1.87, 95% CI  1.65–2.12, p = 1.697 × E-22), and HF (IVW OR = 1.35, 95% CI  1.20–1.51, p = 2.364 × E-07), while causally decreasing the risk of MI (IVW OR = 0.83, 95% CI  0.73–0.93, p = 0.00255). In the multivariable MR analysis, which controlled for common cardiovascular risk factors, direct effects of BMR on an increased risk of AA and AFF, as well as a decreased risk of MI, but an attenuated causal effect on HF, were observed. In conclusion, the current MR study provides evidence for a causal relationship between BMR and the risk of AA, AFF, HF, and MI.
Settling velocities of coarse organic solids
Authors: Pietsch Aaron J. , Chapman John A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe settling velocity of a particle is an integral parameter in stormwater modeling and design. The settling velocity can be used to predict the fate and transport of stormwater particles and if the particles contribute to nutrient loading in a watershed. Prediction of settling velocity for inorganic particles is generally well-researched and well-understood. Organic particles tend to vary widely in their physical properties and there are currently no set standards or empirical equations for estimating the settling velocity of organic particles. This paper presents data from tree leaves and seeds settling velocity experiments to better understand how organic particles settle in the context of settling velocity equations such as the one developed by Ferguson and Church. Analysis of the collected data showed that the second of the two drag coefficients (C2) used in the Ferguson and Church Equation was sensitive to particle type and shape. By averaging C2 by particle type and species, there was a correlation between the observed settling velocity and the settling velocity predicted by the Ferguson and Church Equation (R2 = 0.83). With these results, stormwater modelers and designers are equipped with a better understanding of how to represent common organic particles in terms of settling velocity. Additional research on a wider variety of organic particle types and species would expand on the dataset presented here.
Numerical calculation of forward and reverse flow in Tesla valves with different longitudinal width-to-narrow ratios
Authors: Zhang Yu-Liang , Tong Jiang-Bo , Zhu Zu-Chao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo study the effect of the width-to-narrow ratio on the forward and reverse flow characteristics of the Tesla valve, five different models of the Tesla valve with different width-to-narrow ratios are established in this paper. The numerical calculations of forward and reverse flow under different working conditions are carried out by the CFD method in the laminar flow regime, and the reliability of the numerical calculation method is verified by comparing it with the experimental results. The results show that: in forward flow, the main flow-through channel is not related to the width-to-narrow ratio, the flow rate of the straight channel increases with the increase of the width-to-narrow ratio, and the static pressure in the diversion section is in the shape of “∞”; while in reverse flow, the main flow-through channel is weakly related to the width-to-narrow ratio, the flow rate of the arc channel is not increased with the increase of the width-to-narrow ratio, and the static pressure in the diversion section is in the shape of “bench”. As the width-to-narrow ratio decreases, the pressure drop during forward and reverse flow becomes more significant.
Modelling the effect of defects and cracks in solar cells’ performance using the d1MxP discrete model
Authors: Marques Lameirinhas Ricardo A. , P. Correia V. Bernardo Catarina , N. Torres João Paulo , Veiga Helena Isabel , Mendonça dos Santos Pedro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRenewable energies are increasingly playing an important role in the world’s energy supply. Society demands new solutions to solve environmental issues caused by fossil fuels. The importance of photovoltaic technology has been increasing and consequently, the necessity to have more accurate models to characterise the performance of solar cells during their entire lifetime has rose as well. Performance problems may appear during devices’ lifetimes associated with factors, such as weather conditions or faulty installation. Cracking might occur, leading to abrupt reductions on the produced power, quite difficult and expensive to fix. The I–V curves of a defected or cracked solar cell might not have the shape imposed by the usual models as 1M5P. In this article, cracked c-Si solar cells are modelled using a novel model: d1MxP. This model is based on the discretisation of the diode’s response on models as 1M5P. Instead of imposing a shape and compute some parameters to fit it on experimental data, the proposed model connects every two points. The results suggest a better fit using the proposed model in comparison with the 1M5P, not only in the original curves, but also modelling cracked cells. As consequence of a better fitting, the computation of important figures of merit as maximum power point or fill factor, reveals to be more precise. It is concluded that the proposed model might characterise the performance of a solar cell, even cracked, which is a huge advance aiming the possibility of simulating complex problems during the cells’ operation lifetime.
General relativistic hydrodynamic simulations of perturbed transonic accretion
Authors: Olivares Héctor R. , Mościbrodzka Monika A. , Porth Oliver 
Published: August 2023

Contact. Comparing horizon-scale observations of Sgr A* and M 87* with numerical simulations has provided considerable insight into their interpretation. Most of these simulations are variations of the same physical scenario consisting of a rotation-supported torus seeded with poloidal magnetic fields. However, this approach has several well-known limitations such as secular decreasing trends in mass-accretion rates that render long-term variability studies difficult; a lack of connection with the large-scale accretion flow, which is replaced by an artificial medium emulating vacuum; and significant differences with respect to the predictions of models of accretion onto Sgr A* fed by stellar winds.
Aims. We aim to study the flow patterns that arise on horizon scales in more general accretion scenarios that have a clearer connection with the large-scale flow, and are at the same time controlled by a reduced set of parameters.
Methods. As a first step in this direction, we performed three-dimensional general relativistic hydrodynamic simulations of rotating transonic flows with velocity perturbations injected from a spherical boundary located far away from the central object (1000 gravitational radii). We studied the general properties of these flows with varying perturbation amplitudes and angular momentum. We analyzed time series of mass and angular-momentum radial fluxes, angle- and time-averaged profiles, and synthetic bremsstrahlung light curves, as well as the three-dimensional structure of the flow, and quantified shock and sonic transitions in the solutions.
Results. We observe a rich phenomenology in accretion patterns, which includes smooth Bondi-like flows, turbulent torus-like structures, shocks, filaments, and complex sonic structures. For sufficiently large perturbations and angular momentum, radial profiles deviate from the constant entropy and constant angular-momentum profiles used for initialization and resemble those of advection-dominated accretion flows, showing evidence of entropy generation and angular-momentum redistribution not mediated by magnetic fields. Time series do not show the secular decreasing trend and are suitable for long-term variability studies. We see that the fluctuations are amplified and extend further in frequency than the injected spectrum, producing a red noise spectrum both for the mass-accretion rate and the synthetic light curves.
Conclusions. We present a simulation setup that can produce a wide variety of flow patterns at horizon scales and incorporate information from large scale accretion models. The future inclusion of magnetic fields and radiative cooling could make this type of simulation a viable alternative for the numerical modeling of general low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGNs).
Editorial
Authors: Koos Bernd 
Published: August 2023

Liebe Kolleginnen und Kollegen,das Fach der Kieferorthopädie kennzeichnet sich im Spektrum durch eine breite
und tiefgreifende Interdisziplinarität, bei der häufig synoptische
Aspekte im Hinblick auf die Zahnmedizin wie auch die Medizin von entscheidender
Bedeutung sind. Dabei gilt auch für die Kieferorthopädie, dass in
zunehmendem Maße die digitalen Techniken zu einer Steigerung der Effizienz,
aber vor allem auch zu einer Verbesserung der kieferorthopädischen
Behandlung im Sinne der Steigerung der medizinischen Qualität, insbesondere
auch durch die Vermeidung von unerwünschten Nebenwirkungen, führen
können.
Kieferorthopädie und Prothetik – ein
interdisziplinäres Behandlungskonzept
Authors: Finke Hannah , Klink Andrea 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Behandlung von Patienten mit Hypo- oder Oligodontien erfordert ein
interdisziplinär abgestimmtes Behandlungskonzept aus
Kieferorthopädie, Prothetik und gelegentlich auch Oral- bzw. Mund-,
Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie. Für den effizienten Ablauf und das
bestmögliche Behandlungsergebnis sind initiale, sowie
regelmäßige Absprachen zwischen den beteiligten Disziplinen
essenziell. Bei der Bewertung und Findung der patientenindividuellen
Optimaltherapie spielen sowohl die Anzahl und Verteilung der fehlenden
Zähne, aber auch das Alter und Gebissstadium, Wachstumsmuster und die
Erhaltungsfähigkeit noch vorhandener Milchzähne eine wichtige
Rolle.Nach Erstellung des Therapiekonzeptes und Aufklärung der Patienten
erfolgt in der Regel zunächst die kieferorthopädische Behandlung
zur Verteilung der natürlichen Zähne und deren Einstellung in
eine funktionelle Okklusion. Anhand von Zwischendiagnostiken werden die initial
gesetzten Ziele reevaluiert und die weiteren Schritte mit allen Behandlern und
dem Patienten gemeinsam entschieden. Im Anschluss an die aktive
kieferorthopädische Therapie und das Einsetzen temporärer
Retentionsgeräte erfolgt die prothetische oder
implantologisch-prothetische Versorgung. Zur langfristigen Stabilisierung des
erreichten Behandlungsergebnisses ist neben der Auswahl geeigneter
Retentionsgeräte auch die regelmäßige Kontrolle der
Zahnstellung und der prothetischen Versorgungen essenziell.
Miniimplantate zur Verankerung bei mesio-distalen Zahnbewegungen im
Unterkiefer
Authors: Ziebura Thomas , Flieger Stefanie 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungWenn es darum geht, Lücken im oberen Zahnbogen zu schließen oder
durch das Distalisieren der Seitenzähne Platz zu schaffen, steht eine
breite Palette von Apparaturen zur Auswahl, die, an palatinalen Miniimplantaten
verankert, das jeweilige Behandlungsziel erreichbar machen 2
3
4.Allerdings treten Engstände im
unteren Zahnbogen nicht seltener auf als in oberen [5]. Gleiches gilt
für den Verlust der ersten Molaren [6] und für Aplasien
[7].Dieser Artikels stellt deshalb einige Lösungsvorschläge
für Behandlungsaufgaben vor, bei denen eine Mesialisierung oder
Distalisierung im Unterkiefer erforderlich ist.
Das dentale Trauma aus interdisziplinärem
Blickwinkel
Authors: Klein Daniel 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungKieferorthopäden/innen werden im Alltag
regelmäßig mit den unmittelbaren und/oder
sekundären Folgen eines dentalen Traumas konfrontiert. Kenntnisse
über Verletzungsarten und deren klassische Folgen sind hilfreich zur
Einschätzung der Prognose betroffener Zähne und bei der
kieferorthopädischen Behandlungsplanung. Eine sorgfältige
Anamneseerhebung in Bezug auf Unfälle mit Zahnbeteiligung in Kombination
mit entsprechender klinischer und röntgenologischer Diagnostik minimiert
das Risiko von unvorhergesehenen pathologischen Ereignissen für
Patienten/innen und Behandler/innen.