bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ca2+‐dependent activator protein for secretion 1 promotes spontaneous recovery in ischemic stroke by regulatingBDNFsecretion
Authors: Liu DianWei , Zheng Yan , Chen Yuan , Jiang Yang , Wang HuiYun , Li LingMei , Ma Ling 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIschemic stroke triggers a cascade of events that facilitates neural protection and spontaneous recovery, which accounts for a major part of functional recovery. Despite the cellular and molecular facilitations on neural protection, the molecular mechanisms of spontaneous recovery have not been fully understood. Ca2+‐dependent activator protein for secretion 1 (CAPS1), a member of CAPS family, plays a major role in synaptic transmission and synaptic effectiveness by regulating vesicle exocytosis. Here, the molecular mechanism of CAPS1 in spontaneous recovery after ischemic stroke was studied. In this study, transient left middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was used as the ischemic stroke model. The whole brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neurological score analysis showed decreased infarct volume and neurological scores at 7 days as compared with 1 day after MCAO, suggesting the spontaneous recovery. Elisa and Western blot analysis showed elevated BDNF and CAPS1 expression levels in bilateral hippocampus at both 1 day and 3 days after MCAO. Then, inhibition of CAPS1 by adeno‐associated virus (AAV) microinjection in the hippocampus attenuated the spontaneous recovery of both motor and memory impairment induced by MCAO. In addition, elevated p‐TrkB levels were detected after MCAO, which were reduced by CAPS1‐AAV microinjection, indicating that CAPS1 could induce BDNF secretion after ischemic stroke. Moreover, we found elevated combination of CAPS1 with dense core vesicles (DCV) in the hippocampus at both 1 day and 3 days after MCAO, which could also be inhibited by CAPS1‐AAV microinjection, indicating the potential mechanism of CAPS1 in regulating BDNF release after MCAO. Finally, we found that CAPS1/BDNF signaling could influence the neurogenesis in the hippocampus after MCAO. In conclusion, CAPS1 regulates neurogenesis by up‐regulating BDNF release in the hippocampus, which finally facilitate spontaneous recovery after ischemic stroke.image
Long‐term effectiveness of a nurse‐led smoking cessation clinic at a comprehensive cancer center
Authors: Martínez Cristina , Castellano Yolanda , Fu Marcela , Riccobene Anna , Enríquez Marta , Narváez Maite , Saura Judith , Feliu Arianda , Fernández Esteve 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeSmoking cessation interventions should be promoted in cancer centers to improve clinical outcomes among cancer patients and the quality of life of cancer‐free patients and survivors. The aim of the present study was to examine long‐term abstinence (1, 3, and 5 years) among smokers who received an intensive nurse‐led smoking cessation intervention.DesignA prospective follow‐up study was conducted in a smoking cessation clinic in Barcelona.MethodsThe study included 479 smokers who received a nurse‐led smoking cessation intervention that included motivational interviewing, psychological support, behavioral change counseling, promotion of smoke‐free policies, and relapse‐prevention strategies, as well as pharmacotherapy if necessary, for 12 months. We calculated overall and sex‐specific 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year abstinence probabilities (Kaplan–Meier curves) and adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of relapse with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using Cox regression.FindingsThe overall probability of abstinence at 1 and 5 years was 0.561 (95% CI: 0.516–0.606) and 0.364 (95% CI: 0.311–0.417), respectively. Females had a higher, but not significant, hazard ratio for relapse compared to males (aHR = 1.180; 95% CI: 0.905–1.538). Attending <5 visits was the most remarkable determinant of relapsing compared to attending 5–9 visits or ≥10 visits, both overall and by sex (p for trend: overall, p < 0.001; males, p = 0.007; and females, p < 0.001).ConclusionsAbstinence probability decreased over the 5‐year follow‐up but was relatively high. Males had higher abstinence rates than females in all follow‐up periods. Completeness of the intensive intervention was the main predictor of cessation.Clinical RelevanceSmoking cessation interventions should consider sex and incorporate strategies to increase adherence to obtain higher long‐term abstinence rates.
Unique morphological architecture of the hamstring muscles and its functional relevance revealed by analysis of isolated muscle specimens and quantification of structural parameters
Authors: Takeda Koichi , Kato Kota , Ichimura Koichiro , Sakai Tatsuo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe structural and functional differences of individual hamstrings have not been sufficiently evaluated. This study aimed to clarify the morphological architecture of the hamstrings including the superficial tendons in detail using isolated muscle specimens, together with quantification of structural parameters of the muscle. Sixteen lower limbs of human cadavers were used in this study. The semimembranosus (SM), semitendinosus (ST), biceps femoris long head (BFlh), and biceps femoris short head (BFsh) were dissected from cadavers to prepare isolated muscle specimens. Structural parameters, including muscle volume, muscle length, fiber length, sarcomere length, pennation angle, and physiological cross‐sectional area (PCSA) were measured. In addition, the proximal and distal attachment areas of the muscle fibers were measured, and the proximal/distal area ratio was calculated. The SM, ST, and BFlh were spindle‐shaped with the superficial origin and insertion tendons on the muscle surface, and the BFsh was quadrate with direct attachment to the skeleton and BFlh tendon. The muscle architecture was pennate in the four muscles. The four hamstrings possessed either of two types of structural parameters, one with shorter fiber length and larger PCSA, as in the SM and BFlh, and the other with longer fiber length and smaller PCSA, as in the ST and BFsh. Sarcomere length was unique in each of the four hamstrings, and thus the fiber length was suitably normalized using the average sarcomere length for each, instead of uniform length of 2.7 μm. The proximal/distal area ratio was even in the SM, large in the ST, and small in the BFsh and BFlh. This study clarified that the superficial origin and insertion tendons are critical determinants of the unique internal structure and structural parameters representing the functional properties of the hamstring muscles.
Impact of different postoperative adjuvant therapies on the survival of early‐stage cervical cancer patients with one intermediate‐risk factor: A multicenter study of 14 years
Authors: Ye Yanna , Li Zhiqiang , Kang Shan , Zhan Xuemei , Zhang Yi , Xu Yan , Li Weili , Lang Jinghe , Liu Ping , Chen Chunlin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo compare survival outcomes of different postoperative adjuvant therapies (PATs) for early‐stage cervical cancer (ECC) patients with one intermediate‐risk pathological factor (IPF).MethodsA total of 2889 patients with stage IA1 to IIA2 cervical cancer were included in this study. Three PAT groups were identified, namely a no adjuvant therapy (NAT) group (n = 773), an adjuvant radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy (ART) group (n = 1648) and an adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) group (n = 468). Kaplan–Meier analysis and COX regression analysis were used to compare the overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) among the three groups, before and after propensity score matching (PSM).ResultsThe recurrence and mortality rate rates in the NAT, ART and ACT groups were 9.2%, 8.6%, and 7.9%, respectively (p = 0.737). Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated no significant differences in the NAT, ART, and ACT groups in 5‐year OS rates (92.8% vs. 93.6% vs. 94.7%, p = 0.594) and DFS rates (88.7% vs. 89.6% vs. 90.5%, p = 0.772). Post‐hoc tests yielded similar results, with no differences in 5‐year OS and DFS (NAT vs. ART, before and after matching, p > 0.05); (NAT vs. ACT, before and after matching, p > 0.05); and (ACT vs. ART, before and after matching, p > 0.05).ConclusionPostoperative adjuvant radiotherapy, chemoradiotherapy, and chemotherapy are not associated with survival outcomes of ECC patients with one IPF. Considering the side effects and impact on patients' quality of life, the PATs should be carefully considered.
How do different network positions affect crowd members' success in crowdsourcing challenges?
Authors: Mazzola Erica , Piazza Mariangela , Perrone Giovanni 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the crowdsourcing challenges, crowd members can interact with each other by, for example, chatting, exchanging feedback, providing advice, discussing, and commenting on ideas. These social interactions shape a network structure, which is a set of social relationships developed by crowd members. This study aims at investigating how occupying diverse network positions within a crowdsourcing challenge network increases the members' likelihood to succeed in a competition. Leveraging prior literature on social networks and crowdsourcing research, we theorize how central and structural hole network positions influence the crowd members' likelihood of winning crowdsourcing challenges by leveraging the knowledge and information flows that they can access through such network positions. To empirically test the developed hypotheses, we built a crowdsourcing challenge network shaped by 2479 members registered in the 99designs crowdsourcing platform. We found that both occupying a central position and assuming a structural hole network position within the crowdsourcing challenge network showed an inverted U‐shaped effect on the success of crowd members. The results of this study contribute to previous crowdsourcing literature and provide critical implications for crowd members and managers organizing crowdsourcing competitions.
The Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children: psychometric properties and prevalence of sleep disorders in Spanish children aged 6–16 years
Authors: Pagerols Mireia , Bosch Rosa , Prat Raquel , Pagespetit Èlia , Cilveti Robert , Chaparro Nerea , Esteve Antoni , Casas Miquel 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThe present research aimed to investigate, for the first time, the validity and reliability of the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) in a sample of 2733 Spanish children aged 6–16 years. We also described the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of sleep disorder symptoms among young people, which had never been studied in Spain. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the original six‐factor model and Cronbach's alpha for the total questionnaire was 0.82, which indicated good reliability. Moreover, all the SDSC subscales correlated positively and significantly with the total score (range = 0.41–0.70), thus showing convergent validity. Considering T‐scores >70 as pathological, we identified at least one sleep disorder in 116 participants (4.24%), including disorders of excessive somnolence (DOES; 5.82%), sleep–wake transition disorders (SWTD; 5.27%), and disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep (DIMS; 5.09%) among the most common problems. Students in secondary education and those from families with a low socioeconomic status were more likely to have DIMS, disorders of arousal, and DOES. Subjects with clinically elevated levels of sleep breathing disorders were more frequently of foreign origin and from disadvantaged families. Boys and primary school students were more prone to sleep hyperhidrosis, while SWTD were overrepresented among children with a low socioeconomic status. According to our results, the Spanish version of the SDSC seems to be a good instrument for assessing sleep disturbances in school‐age children and adolescents, which is essential to prevent the significant implications of poor sleeping on the overall welfare of young people.
Patterns and predictors of ungulate space use across an isolated Miombo woodland reserve
Authors: Reece S. J. , Tambling C. J. , Leslie A. J. , Radloff F. G. T. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUnderstanding ecological‐ and management‐related predictors of mammal space use within protected areas is critical for management planning. This is particularly true in small, fenced and isolated reserves where we hypothesised that management‐related activities will influence large herbivore space use more than ecological characteristics. We used camera trap data to assess the space use patterns for 18 ungulate species in the small and isolated Majete Wildlife Reserve (Majete) in the understudied Miombo woodland ecoregion of southern Malawi. In the 2018 dry season, the 691 km2 reserve was systematically surveyed for ungulate presence at 140 camera trap locations. Over a period of 5456 camera days, the survey yielded 11 078 independent detections of 18 ungulate species and three predators. Using a single‐species occupancy modelling framework, the probability of space use of ungulates was assessed in relation to five management (fire exposure, fire frequency, water availability, distance from fence and road) and five ecological (visibility, grass biomass, vegetation type, terrain ruggedness and predator abundance) space use covariates, while accounting for imperfect detection. Top‐ranked models contained multiple covariates for 15 of the 16 species modelled, with only nyala's (Tragelaphus angasii) space use best predicted by vegetation type only. Distance to water, vegetation type, visibility and fire frequency were predictors having strong influences on six or more species each. More management‐related covariates reflected in top models, but ecological covariates had more meaningful effect sizes making us reject the hypothesis. Importantly though, distance from the roads and fence were also identified as prominent predictors. Notably, black rhinoceros' (Diceros bicornis) probability of space use increased with distance from the reserve boundary. Beyond informing habitat management for ungulates in Majete, these results can form the basis for understanding species‐specific space use patterns in other small reserves with similar characteristics and threats.
The aftermath of enforcement episodes for the children of immigrants
Authors: Dreby Joanna , Macias Eric 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFor 30 years, U.S. immigration policy has increasingly focused on enforcement. This article goes beyond cataloging the harms of such policies to document the processes by which they become more or less salient in the lives of children of immigrants over time. In-depth interviews with 86 young adults raised in New York show that enforcement policies shape children's lives either through lived experiences ofenforcement episodesor throughdiffuse fearsarising from indirect threats. Qualitative analysis of narratives of (a) deportations post-incarceration, (b) removals, (c) arrests and detentions (d) direct threats, and (e) diffuse fears identifies characteristics related to each that may affect children even after they age into adulthood.
Pluralism and local law in extraterritorial spaces
Authors: Bochmann Annett 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBased on ethnographic research, this article shows how legal orders are being established in spaces where the state law is absent. The case of refugee camps—often discussed as sites of legal limbo and state of exception—seems to be a space of legal pluralism. However, when observing local legal practices, this pluralism is dissolved into a powerful local camp law. This characteristic type of legal order is produced by social camp-specific mechanisms, camp materiality as well as the remaking of pre-camp structures. Therefore, refugee camps should be viewed as extraterritorial spaces with a high degree of legal autonomy that enables and forces residents to create a local camp law. The findings of this study add to the literature of law and order in camps and to the debates on plural configurations in extraterritorial spaces.
Foreign agents or agents of justice? Private foundations, backlash against non-governmental organizations, and international human rights litigation
Authors: Haddad Heidi Nichols , Sundstrom Lisa McIntosh 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe premise of Russia's 2012 “Foreign Agents” Law, one of the first such laws restricting foreign funding for non-governmental organizations (NGOs), is that foreign monies equal foreign agendas. Since then, over 50 countries have adopted similar laws using a similar justification. This paper interrogates this claim of foreign donor influence through examining legal mobilization by human rights NGOs at the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). We track donor support for litigation by providing an overview of all foundation grant flows relating to strategic litigation for 2013–2014, and then matching the granting activities of two major U.S. foundations over 14 years to human rights NGO participation in cases before the ECtHR. Further, through case studies of Russian NGOs, we assess the causal role that donor support has played in facilitating their increased involvement in ECtHR litigation. The combined analysis indicates broad patterns of private foundation support to litigating NGOs, but uncovers no evidence that foreign donors were “pushing” NGOs toward litigation as a strategy, but instead more evidence suggesting that NGOs convinced donors to support human rights litigation. Despite the inaccuracy of the justification underpinning Russia's foreign agent law, the law threatens the survival of human rights organizations.
Emerging transitions in organic waste infrastructure in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Diprose Gradon , Dombroski Kelly , Sharp Emma , Yates Amanda , Peryman Bailey , Barnes Martine 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAotearoa New Zealand is at a critical juncture in reducing and managing organic waste. Research has highlighted the significant proportion of organic waste sent to landfills and associated adverse effects such as greenhouse gas emissions and loss of valuable organic matter. There is current debate about what practices and infrastructure to invest in to better manage and use organic waste. We highlight the diversity of existing organic waste practices and infrastructures, focusing on Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch. We show how debates about organic waste practices and infrastructure connect across three themes: waste subjectivities, collective action in place and language.
Clinical Efficacy Analysis of the New PRUNUS Spine Plate System for Anterior Cervical Spine Surgery
Authors: Lu Xiang‐dong , Zhao Xiao‐feng , Zhao Yi‐bo , Wang Xiao‐nan , Qi De‐tai , Fan Zhi‐feng , Zhou Run‐tian , Jin Yuan‐zhang , Zhao Bin 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveAlthough the role of anterior cervical titanium plate system in stabilizing the spine sequence and promoting bone graft fusion has been widely recognized, more and more attention has been paid to the design of the plate itself and the complications caused by it. In order to solve the problems of poor stability of internal fixation, plate displacement and screw looseness, we designed the new PRUNUS spine plate system. Hence, the present study was conducted to describe observe and evaluate the clinical efficacy of a new type of three‐leaf reinforced cervical anterior screw plate system (PRUNUS nailing system) developed for anterior cervical surgery.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 56 patients from June 2018 to October 2019 was used. Twenty‐seven patients with cervical spine disease treated with new PRUNUS nail plate internal fixation were selected as the observation group, and 29 patients with cervical spine disease treated with conventional cervical anterior screw fixation were selected as the control group. Postoperative follow‐up was performed. Cervical stability, internal fixation position and bone graft fusion were evaluated according to imaging data. The operative time, intraoperative blood loss, cervical Cobb angle, pain visual analogue scale (VAS), and Japanese orthopaedic association (JOA) were compared between the two groups. Spinal function scores and neurological improvement rates were used to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the new PRUNUS spine plate.ResultsThe patients were followed up for 5–18 months, with an average of 7.33 months. The average operative time of the observation group was 98.4 ± 9.2 min, and the mean intraoperative blood loss was 65.3 ± 10.6 ml, which were significant different from the control group's 109.7 ± 9.4 minutes (P < 0.05), 72.9 ± 15.6 ml (P < 0.05). Comparison between the two groups in postoperative and final follow‐up of cervical Cobb angle, JOA score and improvement rate, VAS score and preoperative comparison showed no significant differences (P > 0.05).ConclusionThe new PRUNUS spine plate system can be applied to the anterior cervical spine surgery, and its clinical efficacy was similar to the traditional cervical anterior plate. But PRUNUS simplified the operation process, especially suitable for the surgical treatment of anterior cervical revision and osteoporosis patients.
Perceptual constancy and perceptual representation
Authors: Green E. J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPerceptual constancy has played a significant role in philosophy of perception. It figures in debates about direct realism, color ontology, and the minimal conditions for perceptual representation. Despite this, there is no general consensus about what constancy is. I argue that an adequate account of constancy must distinguish it from three distinct phenomena: mere sensory stability through proximal change, perceptual categorization of a distal dimension, and stability through irrelevant proximal change. Standard characterizations of constancy fall short in one or more of these respects. I develop an account of constancy that overcomes these problems. The account has two parts: an analysis of constancy mechanisms, and an analysis of the conditions under which a constancy capacity is exercised. I then employ this account to evaluate whether constancy is a necessary condition for perceptual representation, as some have conjectured. I argue that explanatory practice in perceptual psychology fails to support this view. Rather, it fits better with the weaker principle that representation requires specific tracking of a distal dimension.
The categorical paradoxes in the sharing economy: Empirical evidence from Airbnb
Authors: Huang Yuxin , Shen Yi , Lai Fujun , Luo Xin (Robert) 
Published: March 2023

AbstractChallenging conventional epistemological stances, we unravel two paradoxes of communication strategies in the emerging context of sharing economy. Specifically, the conformity–distinctiveness paradox asserts that differing from hotels improves hosts’ economic performance, but such economic benefit diminishes when deviating from the norms in hospitality settings. The economic–social paradox propounds that positioning away from hotels improves social performance but may not result in optimal economic gains. Drawing on the theoretical underpinnings of strategic categorization and optimal distinctiveness, we collect and analyze data from a sample of Airbnb listings. Utilizing multiple estimation models and identification strategies, we find that hosts can improve their economic performance by differing from hotels, but such economic gains diminish beyond a certain point. Furthermore, deviating from hotels also increases hosts’ social performance, especially when direct host–guest interactions occur in shared apartments. Our empirical findings provide compelling evidence for the two paradoxes in the context of sharing economy, extend the discourse on strategic categorization, and elucidate the effects of listing narratives conveyed through social technologies. This study also sheds new light on how operations management and service providers can exploit the communicative and linguistic perspectives of user‐generated content.