bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Constitutive Model of Water-Triggered Shape Memory Hydrogels and Its Finite Element Implementation
Authors: Xue Yiheng , Zhou Zidi , Lei Jincheng , Liu Zishun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractShape memory hydrogel is a type of hydrogel whose shape can transform between a temporary shape and its initial shape when exposed to external stimuli, such as water, temperature, and pH. Over the last decade, shape memory hydrogels have gained increasing interest owing to their distinct properties; however, constitutive models to describe their shape memory mechanism are still lacking. In this paper, we propose a constitutive model for water-triggered shape memory hydrogels based on the transition between the sparse and dense phases. In the model, the shape memory process is identified using two internal variables: the frozen deformation gradient and dense phase volume fraction. To validate the model for describing shape memory effects, we implemented the model in the finite element method using a user-defined element (UEL) subroutine in ABAQUS. To verify the accuracy of the proposed UEL, we simulated the water-triggered shape memory effects in different recovery processes under different uniaxial loads. Furthermore, we investigated the water-triggered shape memory behavior of a self-bending bilayer structure and a four-arm gripper structure using both experiments and simulations. Good agreement was observed between the simulation and experimental results.
Hyperbolicity, Mach Lines, and Super-Shear Mode III Steady-State Fracture in Magneto-Flexoelectric Materials, Part I: Methodology
Authors: Giannakopoulos A. E. , Knisovitis C. , Charalambopoulos A. , Zisis Th. , Rosakis Ares J. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This work examines the sub-shear and super-shear steady-state growth of mode III fractures in flexoelectric materials, nonetheless, exhibiting Mach type shock wave patterns that resemble reported lattice dynamics results and three-dimensional calculations and experiments. Our mathematical models provide weak discontinuous solutions of the steady-state dynamic equations. In flexoelectric solids, super-shear rupture is possible with Mach lines appearing at sub-shear as well as super-shear crack rupture velocities. This is contrary to classical singular elastodynamics, where the notions of super-shear growth and hyperbolicity coincide. The results show that the deformation near the crack-tip agrees with studies based on lattice dynamics. In the first part of this work, a novel finite element approach has been developed where the problem is decomposed into two prestressed plates that are interconnected, resulting into the predicted radiation patterns and Mach lines. The polarization field is obtained from the calculated displacement field and is used in turn to calculate the magnetic and the electric fields. The analysis offers an analogy to the co-seismic magnetic fields encountered during mode III dominated earthquake rupture events.
Feasibility Study of Upper Limb Control Method Based on Electromyography-Angle Relation
Authors: Lento Bianca , Aoustin Yannick , Zielinska Teresa 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe paper describes the method of predicting the angular position of the human upper limb using EMG signals. A neural network with fuzzy logic was used for this purpose. The main goal of the work, namely, to demonstrate that a neural network with fuzzy logic is a useful tool for predicting motion based on EMG signals, has been completed. Two EMG signals from those muscles of the human arm that show the greatest activity during the load lifting are used. When determining the driving torques, the differences between the intended and the actual angular position are taken into account, and a simplified dynamics model was used for the calculations. In order to validate the method, the actual and predicted angles are compared and the differences between the moments determined on the basis of anticipated angular positions and the moments provided by the opensim simulator using real angular positions are examined.
Comparative Analysis of Infrared Signatures of Turbofan Engine Exhaust System With or Without Afterburning
Authors: Shi Xiaojuan , Wei Xin , Ji Honghu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The flow fields and infrared signatures of a turbofan engine axisymmetric exhaust system with or without afterburning have been numerically investigated. The flow fields of the exhaust system have been calculated using a commercial numerical simulation software, whereas the infrared signatures have been calculated by the software nuaa-ir (numerical analysis of aircraft's infrared signature) developed by the current authors' research team. The spectral and integral radiation intensity in the waveband of 3–5 μm of the axisymmetric exhaust system have been calculated and analyzed. The results show that the thrust of the axisymmetric exhaust system with afterburning is increased by 55% as compared with nonafterburning. The main infrared radiation source of the exhaust system with afterburning is the plume. The infrared radiation of the plume accounts for 65% of the total infrared radiation of the exhaust system in the downstream axial direction. The maximum integral radiation intensity of the exhaust system with afterburning is nearly seventeen times that of without afterburning. The integral radiation intensity of the exhaust system in the downstream axial direction with afterburning is about four times that of without afterburning. The integral radiation intensity of the exhaust system in the lateral direction is about 54 times higher than that without afterburning.
Risk of amputation with canagliflozin across categories of age and cardiovascular risk in three US nationwide databases: cohort study
Authors: Fralick Michael , Kim Seoyoung C , Schneeweiss Sebastian , Everett Brendan M , Glynn Robert J , Patorno Elisabetta 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the rate of lower limb amputation among adults newly prescribed canagliflozin according to age and cardiovascular disease.DesignPopulation based, new user, cohort study.Data sourcesTwo commercial and Medicare claims databases, 2013-17.ParticipantsPatients newly prescribed canagliflozin were propensity score matched 1:1 with patients newly prescribed a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist. Hazard ratios and rate differences per 1000 person years were computed for the rate of lower limb amputation in the following four groups: group 1, patients aged less than 65 years without baseline cardiovascular disease; group 2, patients aged less than 65 with baseline cardiovascular disease; group 3, patients aged 65 or older without baseline cardiovascular disease; group 4, patients aged 65 or older with baseline cardiovascular disease. Within each group, pooled hazard ratio and rate difference per 1000 person years were calculated by meta-analysis.InterventionCanagliflozin versus a GLP-1 agonist.Main outcome measuresLower limb amputation requiring surgery.ResultsAcross the three databases, 310 840 propensity score matched adults who started canagliflozin or a GLP-1 agonist were identified. The hazard ratio and rate difference per 1000 person years for amputation in adults receiving canagliflozin compared with a GLP-1 agonist for each group was: group 1, hazard ratio 1.09 (95% confidence interval 0.83 to 1.43), rate difference 0.12 (−0.31 to 0.55); group 2, hazard ratio 1.18 (0.86 to 1.62), rate difference 1.06 (−1.77 to 3.89); group 3, hazard ratio 1.30 (0.52 to 3.26), rate difference 0.47 (−0.73 to 1.67); and group 4, hazard ratio 1.73 (1.30 to 2.29), rate difference 3.66 (1.74 to 5.59).ConclusionsThe increase in rate of amputation with canagliflozin was small and most apparent on an absolute scale for adults aged 65 or older with baseline cardiovascular disease, resulting in a number needed to treat for an additional harmful outcome of 556 patients at six months (that is, 18 more amputations per 10 000 people who received canagliflozin). These results help to contextualize the risk of amputation with canagliflozin in routine care.
Prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes in Sri Lanka: a new global hotspot–estimates from the Sri Lanka Health and Ageing Survey 2018/2019
Authors: Rannan-Eliya Ravindra Prasan , Wijemunige Nilmini , Perera Prasadini , Kapuge Yasodhara , Gunawardana Nishani , Sigera Chathurani , Jayatissa Renuka , Herath H M M , Gamage Anuji , Weerawardena Nethmi , Sivagnanam Ishwari , Dalpatadu Shanti , Samarage Sarath , Samarakoon Upeka , Samaranayake Navami , Pullenayegam Cheroni , Perera Bilesha 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionThis study’s objective was to produce robust, comparable estimates of the prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes in the Sri Lankan adult population, where previous studies suggest the highest prevalence in South Asia.Research design and methodsWe used data on 6661 adults from the nationally representative 2018/2019 first wave of the Sri Lanka Health and Ageing Study (SLHAS). We classified glycemic status based on previous diabetes diagnosis, and either fasting plasma glucose (FPG), or FPG and 2-hour plasma glucose (2-h PG). We estimated crude and age-standardized prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes and by major individual characteristics weighting the data to account for study design and subject participation.ResultsCrude prevalence of diabetes in adults was 23.0% (95% CI 21.2% to 24.7%) using both 2-h PG and FPG, and age-standardized prevalence was 21.8% (95% CI 20.1% to 23.5%). Using only FPG, prevalence was 18.5% (95% CI 7.1% to 19.8%). Previously diagnosed prevalence was 14.3% (95% CI 13.1% to 15.5%) of all adults. The prevalence of pre-diabetes was 30.5% (95% CI 28.2% to 32.7%). Diabetes prevalence increased with age until ages ≥70 years and was more prevalent in female, urban, more affluent, and Muslim adults. Diabetes and pre-diabetes prevalence increased with body mass index (BMI) but was as high as 21% and 29%, respectively, in those of normal weight.ConclusionsStudy limitations included using only a single visit to assess diabetes, relying on self-reported fasting times, and unavailability of glycated hemoglobin for most participants. Our results indicate that Sri Lanka has a very high diabetes prevalence, significantly higher than previous estimates of 8%–15% and higher than current global estimates for any other Asian country. Our results have implications for other populations of South Asian origin, and the high prevalence of diabetes and dysglycemia at normal body weight indicates the need for further research to understand the underlying drivers.
Pilot trial comparing COVID-19 publication database to conventional online search methods
Authors: Torfs-Leibman Camille , Ashikaga Takamaru , Krag David , Lunna Shania , Robtoy Sarah , Bombardier Rachel 
Published: February 2023

Background and objectivesLiterature review using search engines results in a list of manuscripts but does not provide the content contained in the manuscripts. Our goal was to evaluate user performance-based criteria of concept retrieval accuracy and efficiency using a new database system that contained information extracted from 1000 COVID-19 articles.MethodsA sample of 17 students from the University of Vermont were randomly assigned to use the COVID-19 publication database or their usual preferred search methods to research eight prompts about COVID-19. The relevance and accuracy of the evidence found for each prompt were graded. A Cox proportional hazards’ model with a sandwich estimator and Kaplan-Meier plots were used to analyse these data in a time-to-correct answer context.ResultsOur findings indicate that students using the new information management system answered significantly more prompts correctly and, in less time, than students using conventional research methods. Bivariate models for demographic factors indicated that previous research experience conferred an advantage in study performance, though it was found to be independent from the assigned research method.ConclusionsThe results from this pilot randomised trial present a potential tool for more quickly and thoroughly navigating the literature on expansive topics such as COVID-19.
Data consistency in the English Hospital Episodes Statistics database
Authors: Hardy Flavien , Heyl Johannes , Tucker Katie , Hopper Adrian , Marchã Maria J , Briggs Tim W R , Yates Jeremy , Day Jamie , Wheeler Andrew , Eve-Jones Sue , Gray William K 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundTo gain maximum insight from large administrative healthcare datasets it is important to understand their data quality. Although a gold standard against which to assess criterion validity rarely exists for such datasets, internal consistency can be evaluated. We aimed to identify inconsistencies in the recording of mandatory International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, tenth revision (ICD-10) codes within the Hospital Episodes Statistics dataset in England.MethodsThree exemplar medical conditions where recording is mandatory once diagnosed were chosen: autism, type II diabetes mellitus and Parkinson’s disease dementia. We identified the first occurrence of the condition ICD-10 code for a patient during the period April 2013 to March 2021 and in subsequent hospital spells. We designed and trained random forest classifiers to identify variables strongly associated with recording inconsistencies.ResultsFor autism, diabetes and Parkinson’s disease dementia respectively, 43.7%, 8.6% and 31.2% of subsequent spells had inconsistencies. Coding inconsistencies were highly correlated with non-coding of an underlying condition, a change in hospital trust and greater time between the spell with the first coded diagnosis and the subsequent spell. For patients with diabetes or Parkinson’s disease dementia, the code recording for spells without an overnight stay were found to have a higher rate of inconsistencies.ConclusionsData inconsistencies are relatively common for the three conditions considered. Where these mandatory diagnoses are not recorded in administrative datasets, and where clinical decisions are made based on such data, there is potential for this to impact patient care.
Extension of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 model for predicting mHealth acceptance using diabetes as an example: a cross-sectional validation study
Authors: Schretzlmaier Patrik , Hecker Achim , Ammenwerth Elske 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesMobile health applications are instrumental in the self-management of chronic diseases like diabetes. Technology acceptance models such as Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) have proven essential for predicting the acceptance of information technology. However, earlier research has found that the constructs “perceived disease threat” and “trust” should be added to UTAUT2 in the mHealth acceptance context. This study aims to evaluate the extended UTAUT2 model for predicting mHealth acceptance, represented by behavioral intention, using mobile diabetes applications as an example.MethodsWe extended UTAUT2 with the additional constructs “perceived disease threat” and “trust”. We conducted a web-based survey in German-speaking countries focusing on patients with diabetes and their relatives who have been using mobile diabetes applications for at least 3 months. We analysed 413 completed questionnaires by structural equation modelling.ResultsWe could confirm that the newly added constructs “perceived disease threat” and “trust” indeed predict behavioural intention to use mobile diabetes applications. We could also confirm the UTAUT2 constructs “performance expectancy” and “habit” to predict behavioural intention to use mobile diabetes applications. The results show that the extended UTAUT2 model could explain 35.0% of the variance in behavioural intention.DiscussionEven if UTAUT2 is well established in the information technologies sector to predict technology acceptance, our results reveal that the original UTAUT2 should be extended by “perceived disease threat” and “trust” to better predict mHealth acceptance.ConclusionDespite the newly added constructs, UTAUT2 can only partially predict mHealth acceptance. Future research should investigate additional mHealth acceptance factors, including how patients perceive trust in mHealth applications.
Predicting emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern through a One Class dynamic anomaly detection algorithm
Authors: Nicora Giovanna , Salemi Marco , Marini Simone , Bellazzi Riccardo 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesThe objective of this study is the implementation of an automatic procedure to weekly detect new SARS-CoV-2 variants and non-neutral variants (variants of concern (VOC) and variants of interest (VOI)).MethodsWe downloaded spike protein primary sequences from the public resource GISAID and we represented each sequence as k-mer counts. For each week since 1 July 2020, we evaluate if each sequence represents an anomaly based on a One Class support vector machine (SVM) classification algorithm trained on neutral protein sequences collected from February to June 2020.ResultsWe assess the ability of the One Class classifier to detect known VOC and VOI, such as Alpha, Delta or Omicron, ahead of their official classification by health authorities. In median, the classifier predicts a non-neutral variant as outlier 10 weeks before the official date of designation as VOC/VOI.DiscussionThe identification of non-neutral variants during a pandemic usually relies on indicators available during time, such as changing population size of a variant. Automatic variant surveillance systems based on protein sequences can enhance the fast identification of variants of potential concern.ConclusionMachine learning, and in particular One Class SVM classification, can support the detection of potentially VOC/VOI variants during an evolving pandemics.
Usability, acceptability and feasibility of a novel technology with visual guidance with video and audio recording during newborn resuscitation: a pilot study
Authors: KC Ashish , Kong So Yeon Joyce , Basnet Omkar , Haaland Solveig Haukås , Bhattarai Pratiksha , Gomo Øystein , Gurung Rejina , Ahlsson Fredrik , Meinich-Bache Øyvind , Axelin Anna , Malla Honey , Basula Yuba Nidhi , Pathak Om Krishna , Pokharel Sunil Mani , Subedi Hira , Myklebust Helge 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveInadequate adherence to resuscitation for non-crying infants will have poor outcome and thus rationalise a need for real-time guidance and quality improvement technology. This study assessed the usability, feasibility and acceptability of a novel technology of real-time visual guidance, with sound and video recording during resuscitation.SettingA public hospital in Nepal.DesignA cross-sectional design.InterventionThe technology has an infant warmer with light, equipped with a tablet monitor, NeoBeat and upright bag and mask. The tablet records resuscitation activities, ventilation sound, heart rate and display time since birth. Healthcare providers (HCPs) were trained on the technology before piloting.Data collection and analysisHCPs who had at least 8 weeks of experience using the technology completed a questionnaire on usability, feasibility and acceptability (ranged 1–5 scale). Overall usability score was calculated (ranged 1–100 scale).ResultsAmong the 30 HCPs, 25 consented to the study. The usability score was good with the mean score (SD) of 68.4% (10.4). In terms of feasibility, the participants perceived that they did not receive adequate support from the hospital administration for use of the technology, mean score (SD) of 2.44 (1.56). In terms of acceptability, the information provided in the monitor, that is, time elapsed from birth was easy to understand with mean score (SD) of 4.60 (0.76).ConclusionThe study demonstrates reasonable usability, feasibility and acceptability of a technological solution that records audio visual events during resuscitation and provides visual guidance to improve care.
Understanding barriers of receiving short message service appointment reminders across African regions: a systematic review
Authors: Demsash Addisalem Workie , Tegegne Masresha Derese , Walle Agmasie Damtew , Wubante Sisay Maru 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivePatients frequently miss their medical appointments. Therefore, short message service (SMS) has been used as a strategy for medical and healthcare service appointment reminders. This systematic review aimed to identify barriers to SMS appointment reminders across African regions.MethodsPubMed, Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar and Web of Science were used for searching, and hand searching was done. Original studies written in English, conducted in Africa, and published since 1 December 2018, were included. The standard quality assessment checklist was used for the quality appraisal of the included studies. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses flowchart diagram was used for study selection and screening, and any disagreements were resolved via discussions.ResultsA total of 955 articles were searched, 521 studies were removed due to duplication and 105 studies were assessed for eligibility. Consequently, nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Five out of nine included studies were done by randomised control trials. The barriers that hampered patients, mothers and other parental figures of children when they were notified via SMS of medical and health services were identified. Among the 11 identified barriers, illiteracy, issues of confidentiality, familiarised text messages, inadequate information communication technology infrastructure, being a rural resident and loss of mobile phones occurred in at least two studies.ConclusionsSMS is an effective and widely accepted appointment reminder tool. However, it is hampered by numerous barriers. Hence, we gathered summarised information about users’ barriers to SMS-based appointment reminders. Therefore, stakeholders should address existing identified barriers for better Mhealth interventions.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022296559.