bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bi‐directional LSTM based channel estimation in 5G massive MIMO OFDM systems over TDL‐C model with Rayleigh fading distribution
Authors: Shankar Ravi 
Published: August 2023

SummaryIn this work, a deep learning (DL)‐based massive multiple‐input multiple‐output (mMIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system is investigated over the tapped delay line type C (TDL‐C) model with a Rayleigh fading distribution at frequencies ranging from 0.5 to 100 GHz. The proposed bi‐directional long short‐term memory (Bi‐LSTM) channel state information (CSI) estimator uses online learning during training and offline learning during the practical implementation phase. The design of the estimator takes into account situations in which prior knowledge of channel statistics is limited and targets excellent performance, even with limited pilot symbols (PS). Three separate loss functions (mean square logarithmic error [MSLE], Huber, and Kullback–Leibler Distance [KLD]) are assessed in three classification layers. The symbol error rate (SER) and outage probability performance of the proposed estimator are evaluated using a number of optimization techniques, such as stochastic gradient descent (SGD), momentum, and the adaptive gradient (AdaGrad) algorithm. The Bi‐LSTM‐based CSI estimator is trained considering a specific number of PS. It can be readily seen that by incorporating a cyclic prefix (CP), the system becomes more resilient to channel impairments, resulting in a lower SER. Simulations show that the SGD optimization approach and Huber loss function‐trained Bi‐LSTM‐based CSI estimator have the lowest SER and very high estimation accuracy. By using deep neural networks (DNNs), the Bi‐LSTM method for CSI estimation achieves a superior channel capacity (in bps/Hz) at 10 dB than long short‐term memory (LSTM) and other conventional CSI estimators, such as minimum mean square error (MMSE) and least squares (LS). The simulation results validate the analytical results in the study.
Cytological features of chordoid glioma: A case report with summary of prior published cases
Authors: Mohin Md , Ghosh Sudip Kumar , Datta Gitanjali , Chatterjee Uttara 
Published: August 2023

AbstractChordoid glioma is an uncommon low‐grade glioma and is a CNS WHO grade 2 tumour in the current WHO 2021 classification. Predominantly it is seen in the third ventricle and in young adults. Although the histological features of chordoid glioma are well documented, there is sparse literature describing its cytological features. Here we describe the squash cytological features of a case of chordoid glioma along with summary of prior published cases. The smears tend to be quite cellular, the cells show mild pleomorphism, anisonucleosis, and absent mitotic activity. The background shows a distinctive bluish myxoid stroma. It can be mistaken for high grade glioma on squash cytology.
Stepping stones to extirpation: Puma patch occupancy thresholds in an urban‐wildland matrix
Authors: Stoner David C. , McDonald Zara , Coon Courtney A. C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHabitat loss and fragmentation are the leading causes of species range contraction and extirpation, worldwide. Factors that predict sensitivity to fragmentation include high trophic level, large body size, and extensive spatial requirements. Pumas (Puma concolor) exemplify these qualities, making them particularly susceptible to fragmentation and subsequent reductions in demographic connectivity. The chaparral‐dominated ecosystems surrounding the greater San Francisco Bay Area encompass over 10,000 km2 of suitable puma habitat, but inland waterways, croplands, urban land uses, and extensive transportation infrastructure have resulted in widespread habitat fragmentation. Pumas in this region now exist as a metapopulation marked by loss of genetic diversity, collisions with vehicles, and extensive human–puma conflict. Given these trends, we conducted a photo survey from 2017 to 2021 across 19 patches of predicted habitat and compiled a dataset of >6584 puma images. We used a logistic regression analytical framework to evaluate the hypothesis that puma patch occupancy would exhibit a threshold response explained by patch size, isolation, and habitat quality. Contrary to predictions, only variables related to patch size demonstrated any power to explain occupancy. On average, occupied patches were 18× larger than those where they were not detected (825 ± 1238 vs. 46 ± 101 km2). Although we observed pumas in patches as small as 1 km2, logistic regression models indicated a threshold occupancy probability between 300 and 400 km2, which is remarkably close to the mean male puma home range size in coastal California (~381 km2). Puma populations dependent on habitats below this value may be susceptible to inbreeding depression and human–wildlife conflict, and therefore vulnerable to extirpation. For species conservation, we suggest conflicts might be ameliorated by identifying the largest, isolated patches for public education campaigns with respect to management of domestic animals, and remaining connective parcels be identified, mapped, and prioritized for targeted mitigation.
Molecular diet analysis of common cranes (Grus grus) under supplementary feeding based on fecal DNA metabarcoding
Authors: Zhao Xinyi , Jiang Haoming , Xu Nan , Zhao Yongqiang , Zhao Fangju , Xu Runfeng , Liu Hongyi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe migratory and omnivorous common crane (Grus grus) uses a nature reserve with crucial ecological value that provides supplementary food resources, although the extent of their use by these cranes is unknown. In this study, we used DNA metabarcoding of plants through the chloroplast rbcL gene to investigate the diets of 25 common crane fecal samples and performed analyses in conjunction with supplementary feeding. The results showed that common cranes preferred plants of the families Poaceae and Cyperaceae, similar to common cranes in other nature reserves. Before supplementary feeding, Poaceae and Cyperaceae accounted for 43.83 ± 20.58% and 53.51 ± 19.24%, respectively, while after that, they accounted for 61.23 ± 35.19% and 24.07 ± 28.20%, respectively. The relative abundance of Hordeum increased significantly in January, accounting for 33.88 ± 31.32%, which was mainly affected by supplementary feeding. Therefore, under supplementary feeding, foraging grounds and feeding preferences of common cranes may change correspondingly. The quantity of corn kernels and wheat grains can be increased appropriately in supplementary feeding measures in the nature reserve, and more supplementary feeding sites should be set up in response to the shortage of wild bird food resources. This study applied an effective method to study the diet preference of common cranes under supplementary feeding and further provided insights to improve management measures in the nature reserve.
Snag decomposition following stand‐replacing wildfires alters wildlife habitat use and surface woody fuels through time
Authors: Peterson David W. , Dodson Erich K. , Harrod Richy J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHigh‐severity wildfires create pulses of snags that serve a variety of functions as they decompose over time. Snag‐related benefits (and hazards) are often linked to specific decomposition stages, but snag decomposition rates and pathways are not well understood in many forest types. We examined temporal patterns of snag decomposition, wildlife cavity creation, and surface woody fuel dynamics in dry coniferous forests of the interior Pacific Northwest region of North America by sampling 159 forest stands within a 39‐year chronosequence of stand‐replacing wildfires in dry coniferous forests dominated by ponderosa pine and Douglas‐fir. We found that most snags broke or fell during the first 15 years after wildfire; small‐diameter snags mostly broke off at or near ground level, while many large‐diameter snags initially broke off above a height of 2 m and then remained standing for an extended period. Ponderosa pine and lodgepole pine snags fell earlier than Douglas‐fir and true fir snags of comparable diameter classes. Wildlife cavities were most common in stands surveyed 8–20 years after fire and in snags with broken tops but were not limited to large diameter snags. Cavity snag diameters ranged from 17 to 98 cm, with 64% of cavity snags having diameters between 30 and 60 cm and 22% of cavity snags having diameters >60 cm. Surface woody fuels increased as snags broke and fell, reaching maximum levels in all size classes 15–20 years after fire. The percentage of large diameter rotten woody fuels increased steadily beginning about 15 years after fire, with implications for fuel management and subsequent wildfire behavior and severity. Our study supports the proposition that fire‐killed snags represent a transient resource pulse in which the relative contribution of snags to different ecological functions varies with snag diameter, species, time since fire, and landscape position.
CD1a and bound lipids drive T‐cell responses in human skin disease
Authors: Ogg Graham S. , Rossjohn Jamie , Clark Rachael A. , Moody D. Branch 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn addition to serving as the main physical barrier with the outside world, human skin is abundantly infiltrated with resident αβ T cells that respond differently to self, infectious, microbiome, and noxious stimuli. To study skin T cells during infection and inflammation, experimental biologists track T‐cell surface phenotypes and effector functions, which are often interpreted with the untested assumption that MHC proteins and peptide antigens drive measured responses. However, a broader perspective is that CD1 proteins also activate human T cells, and in skin, Langerhans cells (LCs) are abundant antigen presenting cells that express extremely high levels of CD1a. The emergence of new experimental tools, including CD1a tetramers carrying endogenous lipids, now show that CD1a‐reactive T cells comprise a large population of resident T cells in human skin. Here, we review studies showing that skin‐derived αβ T cells directly recognize CD1a proteins, and certain bound lipids, such as contact dermatitis allergens, trigger T‐cell responses. Other natural skin lipids inhibit CD1a‐mediated T‐cell responses, providing an entry point for the development of therapeutic lipids that block T‐cell responses. Increasing evidence points to a distinct role of CD1a in type 2 and 22 T‐cell responses, providing new insights into psoriasis, contact dermatitis, and other T‐cell‐mediated skin diseases.
Silyl‐ and Germyl‐Substituted Diorganophosphonites
Authors: Hettich Thomas D. , Rudolf Richard , Birchall Nicholas , Nieger Martin , Gudat Dietrich 
Published: August 2023

AbstractReactions of metalated diorganophosphonite boranes with triorganosilyl and ‐germyl halides provided borane adducts of diorgano(tetryl)phosphonites. Further treatment with excess Et3N or DABCO yielded the borane‐free species (RO)2P‐ER′3 (E=Si, Ge; R, R′=alkyl, aryl). The products of all reactions were characterized by elemental analyses and NMR data, and in selected cases by MS and single‐crystal XRD studies. Reactions of selected ligands with Ni(CO)4 and selenium were shown to produce Ni(CO)3‐complexes or diorgano(tetryl) phosphonoselenoates (RO)2(R′3E)P=Se, respectively, which were identified spectroscopically but could not be isolated. Evaluation of the TEP and 1JPSe coupling constants were used for a first assessment of the electron donor properties of the new molecules.
Glycemic index of a nutritional supplement designed for people with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Rachana Bhoite , Shobana Shanmugam , Lalithya Pratti Varalakshmi , Sudha Vasudevan , Vinita Satyavrat , Gayathri Rajagopal , Kalpana Natarajan , Ranjit Mohan Anjana , Viswanathan Mohan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe study was carried out to measure the glycemic index (GI) of an oral food supplement for people with CKD as well as on patients on maintenance dialysis. The study was conducted as per international protocols for testing GI, was approved by the local institutional ethics committee, and was registered with the Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI). This was a crossover randomized controlled study which enrolled 15 participants between the ages of 18 and 45 years. The participants were randomly allotted to one group that consumed either the reference food (27.5 g of glucose monohydrate) or 118 g of the nutritional supplement which contained 25 g of available carbohydrates. Fasting capillary blood samples as well as blood samples at different time intervals as per the GI protocol, after consumption of either the supplement or the reference food were taken from the participants. Each testing day was separated by a 3‐day washout period. GI was calculated from the incremental area under the blood glucose response elicited by the nutritional supplement as a percentage of the response after the consumption of 25 g of glucose (27.5 g of glucose monohydrate) by the same participant using a standard formula. The GI of the nutritional supplement was calculated to be 10.3 ± 2.0 which is considered to be low as per international GI testing standards. The product was created to supplement the diet of people with CKD at different stages and to help prevent the progression from CKD to ESRD as well as the risk for CVD. This product was found to have a low GI which is desirable for people with CKD as well as diabetics in general who are at risk for developing CKD.
Seasonal water storage and release dynamics of bofedal wetlands in the Central Andes
Authors: Ross Anthony C. , Mendoza Marc Martinez , Drenkhan Fabian , Montoya Nilton , Baiker Jan R. , Mackay Jonathan D. , Hannah David M. , Buytaert Wouter 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTropical high‐Andean wetlands, locally known as ‘bofedales’, are key ecosystems sustaining biodiversity, carbon sequestration, water provision and livestock farming. Bofedales' contribution to dry season baseflows and sustaining water quality is crucial for downstream water security. The sensitivity of bofedales to climatic and anthropogenic disturbances is therefore of growing concern for watershed management. This study aims to understand seasonal water storage and release characteristics of bofedales by combining remote sensing analysis and ground‐based monitoring for the wet and dry seasons of late 2019 to early 2021, using the glacierised Vilcanota‐Urubamba basin (Southern Peru) as a case study. A network of five ultrasound loggers was installed to obtain discharge and water table data from bofedal sites across two headwater catchments. The seasonal extent of bofedales was mapped by applying a supervised machine learning model using Random Forest on imagery from Sentinel‐2 and NASADEM. We identified high seasonal variability in bofedal area with a total of 3.5% and 10.6% of each catchment area, respectively, at the end of the dry season (2020), which increased to 15.1% and 16.9%, respectively, at the end of the following wet season (2021). The hydrological observations and bofedal maps were combined into a hydrological conceptual model to estimate the storage and release characteristics of the bofedales, and their contribution to runoff at the catchment scale. Estimated lag times between 1 and 32 days indicate a prolonged bofedal flow contribution throughout the dry season (about 74% of total flow). Thus, our results suggest that bofedales provide substantial contribution to dry season baseflow, water flow regulation and storage. These findings highlight the importance of including bofedales in local water management strategies and adaptation interventions including nature‐based solutions that seek to support long‐term water security in seasonally dry and rapidly changing Andean catchments.
Three‐dimensional nuclear architecture distinguishes thyroid cancer histotypes
Authors: Rangel‐Pozzo Aline , dos Santos Filipe F. , Dettori Tinuccia , Giulietti Matteo , Frau Daniela Virginia , Galante Pedro A. F. , Vanni Roberta , Pathak Alok , Fischer Gabor , Gartner John , Caria Paola , Mai Sabine 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMolecular markers can serve as diagnostic tools to support pathological analysis in thyroid neoplasms. However, because the same markers can be observed in some benign thyroid lesions, additional approaches are necessary to differentiate thyroid tumor subtypes, prevent overtreatment and tailor specific clinical management. This applies particularly to the recently described variant of thyroid cancer referred to as noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features (NIFTP). This variant has an estimated prevalence of 4.4% to 9.1% of all papillary thyroid carcinomas worldwide. We studied 60 thyroid lesions: 20 classical papillary thyroid carcinoma (CPTC), 20 follicular variant of PTC (FVPTC) and 20 NIFTP. We examined morphological and molecular features to identify parameters that can differentiate NIFTP from the other PTC subtypes. When blindly investigating the nuclear architecture of thyroid neoplasms, we observed that NIFTP has significantly longer telomeres than CPTC and FVPTC. Super‐resolved 3D‐structured illumination microscopy demonstrated that NIFTP is heterogeneous and that its nuclei contain more densely packed DNA and smaller interchromatin spaces than CPTC and FVPTC, a pattern that resembles normal thyroid tissue. These data are consistent with the observed indolent biological behavior and favorable prognosis associated with NIFTP, which lacks BRAFV600E mutations. Of note, next‐generation thyroid oncopanel sequencing was unable to distinguish the thyroid cancer histotypes in our study cohort. In summary, our data suggest that 3D nuclear architecture can be a powerful analytical tool to diagnose and guide clinical management of NIFTP.
Our path from abnormal uterine bleeding and iron deficiency to impaired fetal development: A long and winding road
Authors: Munro Malcolm G. , Critchley Hilary O. D. 
Published: August 2023

SynopsisAbnormal uterine bleeding adversely impacts the lives of reproductive‐aged girls and women; furthermore, the resulting periconceptual iron deficiency risks enduring neurological sequelae in the child.
Semi‐synthetic degradable notochordal cell‐derived matrix hydrogel for use in degenerated intervertebral discs: Initial in vitro characterization
Authors: Schmitz Tara C. , van Genabeek Bas , Pouderoijen Maarten J. , Janssen Henk M. , van Doeselaar Marina , Crispim João F. , Tryfonidou Marianna A. , Ito Keita 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLow back pain is the leading cause of disability worldwide, but current therapeutic interventions are palliative or surgical in nature. Loss of notochordal cells (NCs) and degradation of the healthy matrix in the nucleus pulposus (NP), the central tissue of intervertebral discs (IVDs), has been associated with onset of degenerative disc changes. Recently, we established a protocol for decellularization of notochordal cell derived matrix (NCM) and found that it can provide regenerative cues to nucleus pulposus cells of the IVD. Here, we combined the biologically regenerative properties of decellularized NCM with the mechanical tunability of a poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel to additionally address biomechanics in the degenerate IVD. We further introduced a hydrolysable PEG‐diurethane crosslinker for slow degradation of the gels in vivo. The resulting hydrogels were tunable over a broad range of stiffness's (0.2 to 4.5 kPa), matching that of NC‐rich and ‐poor NP tissues, respectively. Gels formed within 30 min, giving ample time for handling, and remained shear‐thinning post‐polymerization. Gels also slowly released dNCM over 28 days as measured by GAG effusion. Viability of encapsulated bone marrow stromal cells after extrusion through a needle remained high. Although encapsulated NCs stayed viable over two weeks, their metabolic activity decreased, and their phenotype was lost in physiological medium conditions in vitro. Overall, the obtained gels hold promise for application in degenerated IVDs but require further tuning for combined use with NCs.
Design, synthesis, and evaluation of 1,2,3‐triazole‐based benzenesulfonamide and flavonol hybrid molecules as anticancer agents
Authors: Chen Yu‐Xun , Chang Chuan‐Hsin , Li Cai‐Wei , Chen Jih‐Jung , Shih Tzenge‐Lien 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe design and synthesis of hybrid molecules will explore finding new drugs.ObjectivesThe synthesized hybrid molecules to evaluate their biological properties.MethodsApply click chemistry to tether flavonols and benzenesulfonamide.ResultsTwo drug candidates show potential against lung cancer.ConclusionsTwo drug candidates did not affect the normal cells and provided a new drug design route.
Association of Remdesivir use with bradycardia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ishisaka Yoshiko , Aikawa Tadao , Malik Aaqib , Kampaktsis Polydoros N. , Briasoulis Alexandros , Kuno Toshiki 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRemdesivir has been used for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pneumonia with oxygen requirements that do not require mechanical intubation, and several studies showed a reduction in disease duration. However, there is a concern about bradycardia as its side effect. We aimed to investigate the association between Remdesivir and bradycardia by integrating findings from prior studies. We queried PubMed and EMBASE in February 2023 and performed a meta‐analysis of studies investigating bradycardia in patients who did or did not receive Remdesivir. The outcome of interest was the rate of bradycardia and in‐hospital mortality. We identified eight studies involving 8993 patients, of which seven studies investigated bradycardia. Six studies were observational, one was a case–control, and one was a randomized trial. Incidence of bradycardia was 400/3480 patients (22.3%, 95% confidence interval, CI: [6.5–54.4], I2 = 99%) in the Remdesivir group and 294/5005 (9.8%, 95% CI: [2.8–29], I2 = 98.61) in the non‐Remdesivir group. The odds ratio of bradycardia was 2.11 (95% CI: [1.65–2.71], I2 = 22%, p < 0.001) for the Remdesivir group. There was no difference in mortality between the two groups. Patients who received Remdesivir for COVID‐19 were more likely to develop bradycardia. The effect of confounding factors should be considered to further clarify the possible association.
Dielectric response as a novel marker for ablation lesion quality: Relation to conventional ablation parameters
Authors: Abeln Bob G. S. , van Dijk Vincent F. , Balt Jippe C. , Wijffels Maurits C. E. F. , Boersma Lucas V. A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe tissue response viewer (TRV) is a novel marker for ablation lesion quality that aims to classify lesions into transmural or nontransmural lesions (high or low dielectric response, HDR or LDR) using dielectric‐based tissue assessment. The objective of this study was to gain insight in the TRV by relating its outcomes to conventional ablation parameters.MethodsPatients that had repeat ablation for atrial fibrillation with a dielectric imaging‐based mapping system were enrolled. All ablation data were downloaded from the mapping system and analyzed to explore associations between TRV outcomes and other ablation parameters.ResultsThe cohort included 24 patients, in which 58 pulmonary veins and 8 superior vena cavas were targeted. A total of 388 energy applications were applied, resulting in 639 ablation points. The system classified 36% of ablation points as HDR and 44% as LDR. The system did not provide a dielectric response in 20%. The system's ability to provide a dielectric response was related to longer ablation duration and absence of dragging ablation. HDR (versus LDR) was multivariably associated with longer energy applications, higher mean ablation power, and lower wall thickness. Greater impedance drop was univariably associated with HDR.ConclusionOutcomes of the TRV are associated with conventional ablation parameters (e.g., duration and power) but also local wall thickness. Catheter stability seems important for successful lesion assessment with the TRV. Further reduction of missing outcomes and validation of the tool are warranted before widespread use.