bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hate Speech in sozialen Medien: Ein Forschungsüberblick aus Sicht der Sprachwissenschaft
Authors: Jaki Sylvia 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungParallel zum Anstieg von Hate Speech in sozialen Netzwerken und anderen Online-Medien ist auch das Interesse an diesem Thema in verschiedenen Fachdisziplinen gewachsen, so dass sich mittlerweile ein eigenes Forschungsfeld etabliert hat, zu dem die unterschiedlichen Disziplinen ihren Beitrag leisten. In diesem Artikel soll der Beitrag der Linguistik zur Hate-Speech-Forschung erläutert werden, indem ein Überblick über die in diesem Feld existierende Forschung gegeben wird. Der Fokus liegt hierbei auf Untersuchungen, die dazu dienen, die sprachlichen Charakteristika von Hate Speech zu beschreiben, und weniger, diese automatisiert zu erkennen. Neben einer Zusammenfassung des Forschungsstandes ist es diesem Beitrag jedoch auch ein Anliegen, die in den verschiedenen Untersuchungen erarbeiteten Charakteristika von Hate Speech exemplarisch vorzustellen. Hierfür werden illustrierend Twitter-Daten aus drei Sprachen (Englisch, Deutsch, Niederländisch) verwendet. Der Beitrag bemüht sich jedoch auch zu zeigen, dass eine rein sprachbasierte Analyse von Hate Speech um eine multimodale Komponente erweitert werden muss, um der kommunikativen Realität der sozialen Medien ausreichend Rechnung zu tragen.
One-loop corrections to the celestial chiral algebra from Koszul Duality
Authors: Fernández Víctor E. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We consider self-dual Yang-Mills theory (SDYM) in four dimensions and its lift to holomorphic BF theory on twistor space. Following the work of Costello and Paquette, we couple SDYM to a quartic axion field, which guarantees associativity of the (extended) celestial chiral algebra at the quantum level. We demonstrate how to reproduce their one-loop quantum deformation to the chiral algebra using Koszul duality.
Mastozytose bei Kindern
Authors: Wassmer Hanna , Hartmann Karin 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Mastozytose bei Kindern ist eine seltene Erkrankung, die durch eine abnorme Vermehrung von Gewebemastzellen gekennzeichnet ist. Es zeigen sich typische Hautveränderungen, die als makulopapulöse kutane Mastozytose, diffuse kutane Mastozytose oder Mastozytom klassifiziert werden. Ein Teil der Patientinnen und Patienten weist zudem Mastzellmediatorsymptome wie Juckreiz, Flush und Anaphylaxie auf. Bei vielen Kindern ist die Erkrankung durch einen benignen, meist selbstlimitierenden Verlauf charakterisiert; nur selten findet sich eine systemische Mastozytose mit extrakutaner Beteiligung und chronischem oder progressivem Verlauf. Therapeutisch werden in erster Linie H1-Antihistaminika eingesetzt, je nach Schwere bedarfsorientiert oder als Dauertherapie. Kinder, Eltern und Betreuungspersonen sollten sorgfältig über das Krankheitsbild und mögliche Trigger-Faktoren der Mastzellmediatorfreisetzung aufgeklärt werden. Für Kinder mit ausgeprägten Hautveränderungen und schweren Symptomen ist die Verordnung eines Adrenalin-Autoinjektors zur Notfallbehandlung empfehlenswert.
General Surgery Faculty Knowledge and Perceptions of Breast Pumping Amongst Postpartum Surgical Residents
Authors: Freudenberger Devon C. , Herremans Kelly M. , Riner Andrea N. , Vudatha Vignesh , McGuire Kandace P. , Anand Rahul J. , Trevino Jose G. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is a lack of data regarding the knowledge and perceptions teaching faculty possess about breast pumping among general surgery residents despite breast pumping becoming more common during training. This study aimed to examine faculty knowledge and perceptions of breast pumping amongst general surgery residents.MethodsA 29‐question survey measuring knowledge and perceptions about breast pumping was administered online to United States teaching faculty from March–April 2022. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize responses, Fisher's exact test was used to report differences in responses by surgeon sex and age, and qualitative analysis identified recurrent themes.Results156 responses were analyzed; 58.6% were male and 41.4% were female, and the majority (63.5%) were less than 50 years old. Nearly all (97.7%) women with children breast pumped, while 75.3% of men with children had partners who pumped. Men more often than women indicated “I don't know” when asked about frequency (24.7 vs. 7.9%, p = 0.041) and duration (25.0 vs. 9.5%, p = 0.007) of pumping. Nearly all surgeons are comfortable (97.4%) discussing lactation needs and support (98.1%) breast pumping, yet only two‐thirds feel their institutions are supportive. Almost half (41.0%) of surgeons agreed that breast pumping does not impact operating room workflow. Recurring themes included normalizing breast pumping, creating change to better support residents, and communicating needs between all parties.ConclusionsTeaching faculty may have supportive perceptions about breast pumping, but knowledge gaps may hinder greater levels of support. Opportunities exist for increased faculty education, communication, and policies to better support breast pumping residents.
Thyroidea ima artery multiple branching pattern over the trachea
Authors: Totlis T. , Natsis K. , Achlatis V. , Pettas T. , Piagkou M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The current cadaveric report describes a rare case of a thyroidea ima artery (TIA) with multiple branching pattern over the trachea.

Methods
A cadaver dissection of the neck and thorax region of a formalin-embalmed 90-year-old male cadaver of a body donor took place. The body donation was made after a signed informed consent.

Results
The TIA variant originated from the brachiocephalic artery before its bifurcation into the right common carotid artery (CCA) and right subclavian artery (SCA). TIA further divided into three anterior and two posterior branches, with subsequent multiple division into smaller branches. All branches were located anterior and right side to the trachea. The anterior branches supplied the infrahyoid muscles and the posterior ones supplied the thyroid gland inferior lobes and the inferior parathyroid glands. The TIA coexisted with a brachiocephalico-carotid trunk, derived after the left CCA and brachiocephalic artery fusion.

Conclusion
The presence of multiple arterial branches over the trachea creates a high risk for excessive bleeding during tracheotomy or cricothyroidotomy.
Accounting for outliers in optimal subsampling methods
Authors: Deldossi Laura , Pesce Elena , Tommasi Chiara 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNowadays, in many different fields, massive data are available and for several reasons, it might be convenient to analyze just a subset of the data. The application of the D-optimality criterion can be helpful to optimally select a subsample of observations. However, it is well known that D-optimal support points lie on the boundary of the design space and if they go hand in hand with extreme response values, they can have a severe influence on the estimated linear model (leverage points with high influence). To overcome this problem, firstly, we propose a non-informative “exchange” procedure that enables us to select a “nearly” D-optimal subset of observations without high leverage values. Then, we provide an informative version of this exchange procedure, where besides high leverage points also the outliers in the responses (that are not necessarily associated to high leverage points) are avoided. This is possible because, unlike other design situations, in subsampling from big datasets the response values may be available. Finally, both the non-informative and informative selection procedures are adapted to I-optimality, with the goal of getting accurate predictions.
Interstitial cells of Cajal: clinical relevance in pediatric gastrointestinal motility disorders
Authors: Friedmacher Florian , Rolle Udo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInterstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) are pacemaker cells of gastrointestinal motility that generate and transmit electrical slow waves to smooth muscle cells in the gut wall, thus inducing phasic contractions and coordinated peristalsis. Traditionally, tyrosine-protein kinase Kit (c-kit), also known as CD117 or mast/stem cell growth factor receptor, has been used as the primary marker of ICCs in pathology specimens. More recently, the Ca2+-activated chloride channel, anoctamin-1, has been introduced as a more specific marker of ICCs. Over the years, various gastrointestinal motility disorders have been described in infants and young children in which symptoms of functional bowel obstruction arise from ICC-related neuromuscular dysfunction of the colon and rectum. The current article provides a comprehensive overview of the embryonic origin, distribution, and functions of ICCs, while also illustrating the absence or deficiency of ICCs in pediatric patients with Hirschsprung disease intestinal neuronal dysplasia, isolated hypoganglionosis, internal anal sphincter achalasia, and congenital smooth muscle cell disorders such as megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome.
Association between urinary iodine excretion, genetic disposition and fluid intelligence in children, adolescents and young adults: the DONALD study
Authors: Schulz Christina-Alexandra , Weinhold Leonie , Schmid Matthias , Nöthen Markus M. , Nöthlings Ute 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Iodine deficiency increases the risk of cognitive impairment and delayed physical development in children. It is also associated with cognitive impairment in adults. Cognitive abilities are among the most inheritable behavioural traits. However, little is known about the consequences of insufficient postnatal iodine intake and whether the individual genetic disposition modifies the association between iodine intake and fluid intelligence in children and young adults.

Methods
The cultural fair intelligence test was used to assess fluid intelligence in the participants of the DONALD study (n = 238; mean age, 16.5 [SD = 7.7] years). Urinary iodine excretion, a surrogate iodine intake marker, was measured in 24-h urine. Individual genetic disposition (n = 162) was assessed using a polygenic score, associated with general cognitive function. Linear regression analyses were conducted to determine whether Urinary iodine excretion was associated with fluid intelligence and whether this association was modified by individual genetic disposition.

Results
Urinary iodine excretion above the age-specific estimated average requirement was associated with a five-point higher fluid intelligence score than that below the estimated average requirement (P = 0.02). The polygenic score was positively associated with the fluid intelligence score (β = 2.3; P = 0.03). Participants with a higher polygenic score had a higher fluid intelligence score.

Conclusion
Urinary iodine excretion above the estimated average requirement in childhood and adolescence is beneficial for fluid intelligence. In adults, fluid intelligence was positively associated with a polygenic score for general cognitive function. No evidence showed that the individual genetic disposition modifies the association between Urinary iodine excretion and fluid intelligence.
One-stage revision versus debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR) for acute prosthetic knee infection: an exploratory cohort study
Authors: Okafor Charles Ebuka , Nghiem Son , Byrnes Joshua 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionStudies have shown that debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR) is an effective procedure for acute infection of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study aimed to explore DAIR and one-stage revision for homogenous cohorts with acute postoperative and acute hematogenous infection of TKA, without compelling indications to perform a staged revision.Materials and methodsThis study was an exploratory analysis that used retrospective data from Queensland Health, Australia, for DAIR and one-stage revision of TKA between June 2010 and May 2017 (3-year average follow-up). The re-revision burden, mortality rate, and the cost of the interventions were explored. Costs were expressed in 2020 Australian dollars.ResultsThere were 15 (DAIR) and 142 (one-stage) patients with homogenous characteristics in the sample. The re-revision burden for DAIR was 20%, while for one-stage revision it was 12.68%. Two deaths were associated with a one-stage revision and no death was associated with DAIR. The total cost since the index revision of DAIR, $162,939, was higher than for one-stage revision $130,924 (pvalue = 0.501), due to higher re-revision burden.ConclusionsThis study would suggest the use of one-stage revision over DAIR for acute postoperative and acute hematogenous infection of TKA. It suggests that there could be other potential criteria which have not been ascertained that need to be considered for optimal DAIR selection. The study indicates the need for more research and, of note, high-quality randomized controlled trials to provide a well-defined treatment protocol with high level of evidence to guide patient selection for DAIR.
Künstliche Emotion – Zum ethischen Umgang mit Gefühlen zwischen Mensch und Technik
Authors: Manzeschke Arne , Assadi Galia 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Diskurs um emotions- und soziosensitive Roboter in der Pflege kann aktuell eher als Ausdruck eines technologischen Solutionismus interpretiert werden, denn als realitätsgerechte Beschreibung des pflegerischen Alltags. Aus ethischer Perspektive ist demnach weniger drängend die Frage zu beantworten, wie die Systeme bzw. deren Einsatz aktuell konkret bewertet werden können, sondern welche Rolle dieser KI-gestützten Systemart in den Technikvisionen und -fiktionen zugeschrieben wird und welche normativen Aspekte bei der Entwicklung und dem Einsatz zukünftig Beachtung finden sollten. Dazu werden Elemente eines anthropologischen und ethischen Reflexionsraums skizziert, welcher Aspekte benennt, die bei der Entwicklung dieser Art von Technik zu bedenken sind. Um fundierte ethische Urteilsbildung zu ermöglichen, wird eine fünfdimensionale Heuristik präsentiert, die anhand der Dimensionen Emotion, Interaktion, Kontext, Akteur und Aktant eine konkrete Situationsanalyse gestattet. Auf dieser empirisch informierten Basis können implementierbare technische Lösungen entwickelt werden bzw. bereits entwickelte ethisch evaluiert werden.
Kulturelle und räumliche Determinanten der Umsatzrentabilität von Musikspielstätten in Deutschland
Authors: Üblacker Jan , Krause Johannes , Blömeke Niklas , Rühl Heiko , Huseljic Katharina 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungMusikspielstätten sind ein integraler Teil der Musikwirtschaft und leisten durch ihre Aktivitäten auch einen sozialen und kulturellen Mehrwert in den Städten und Regionen. Sie dienen als Orte für künstlerische Experimente, für neue Talente und für Begegnungen und Austausch. Das trifft in besonderem Maße auf kleine Musikspielstätten zu, die in einem Spannungsfeld aus musikalisch-ästhetischem Anspruch und den ökonomischen Notwendigkeiten eines Gewerbebetriebs operieren. Insbesondere in prosperierenden Städten stehen sie oftmals unter Druck.Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht der vorliegende Beitrag verschiedene Determinanten der Umsatzrentabilität von Musikspielstätten. Dabei betrachten wir kulturelle und räumliche Aspekte, um zu klären, ob und in welchem Maße diese den Umsatz beeinflussen. Die Ergebnisse der quantitativen Auswertung stammen aus zwei Analysen: (1) eine deskriptive Bestandsaufnahme kultureller und ökonomischer Kennzahlen und (2) eine multivariate Regressionsanalyse, um Zusammenhänge zwischen strukturellen, kulturellen und ökonomischen Merkmalen zu untersuchen.Unsere Befunde zeigen, dass neben dem zu erwartenden positiven Einfluss von Kapazität und Anzahl der Veranstaltungen auch verschiedene Aspekte der Programmgestaltung (z. B. Genrevielfalt und Vielfalt der Veranstaltungsformate) signifikant mit der Umsatzhöhe zusammenhängen. Die Ergebnisse liefern wichtige Hinweise für politische Entscheidungsträger:innen, die die kulturelle Vielfalt und Lebendigkeit ihrer lokalen Musik-Ökosysteme fördern möchten.
The learning curve to ROSA: cases needed to match the surgery time between a robotic-assisted and a manual primary total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Kenanidis Eustathios , Boutos Panagiotis , Sitsiani Olga , Tsiridis Eleftherios 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Limited published data regarding the ROSA (Robotic Surgical Assistant) learning curve exist. This study evaluated the number of cases needed for an expert orthopaedic surgeon to master the ROSA system and match the operative time of robotic (raTKAs) and manual primary total knee arthroplasties (mTKAs).

Methods
This retrospective comparative cohort study included two hundred patients with primary knee osteoarthritis. The study group consisted of an expert surgeon’s first 100 raTKAs. The control group included 100 patients that underwent mTKAs from the same surgeon during the same period. The consecutive cases in each group were divided into ten subgroups, each of 10 cases. The groups were comparable concerning age, sex, BMI and Kellgren–Lawrence classification. We compared each subgroup's operative time and complications in mTKA and raTKA groups. We performed a cumsum analysis to construct the ROSA learning curve.

Results
The first non-significant difference between the mTKAs and raTKAs operative times was observed in the subgroup of 62 to 71 cases. Till then, the operative time has been significantly lower for the mTKA than the raTKA group. The following groups of tens analysis (8th, 9th and 10th) showed no operative time difference between groups. The learning curve analysis demonstrated that the surgeon switched to the mastering phase from case 73 onwards. The two groups had no complication rate differences.

Conclusion
Our study demonstrated that about 70 cases are necessary for a senior surgeon to balance operative time between mTKAs and raTKAs using the ROSA system.
Exploring depression in Parkinson’s disease: an Italian Delphi Consensus on phenomenology, diagnosis, and management
Authors: Stocchi Fabrizio , Angelo Antonini  , Barone Paolo , Bellelli Giuseppe , Fagiolini Andrea , Ferini Strambi Luigi , Sorbi Sandro , Padovani Alessandro 
Published: April 2023

Abstract BackgroundDepression is a prodromic and a frequent non-motor symptom of Parkinson’s disease, associated to reduced quality of life and poor outcomes. The diagnosis of depression in parkinsonian patients represents a challenge due to the overlapping of symptoms typical of the two conditions.MethodsA Delphi panel survey was performed to reach a consensus amongst different Italian specialists on four main topics: the neuropathological correlates of depression, main clinical aspects, diagnosis, and management of depression in Parkinson’s disease.Results and conclusionExperts have recognized that depression is an established risk factor of PD and that its anatomic substrate is related to the neuropathological abnormalities typical of the disease. Multimodal and SSRI antidepressant have been confirmed as a valid therapeutic option in the treatment of depression in PD. Tolerability, safety profile, and potential efficacy on broad spectrum of symptoms of depression including cognitive symptoms and anhedonia should be considered when selecting an antidepressant and the choice should be tailored on the patients’ characteristics.
Iterative optimal solutions of linear matrix equations for hyperspectral and multispectral image fusing
Authors: Uhlig Frank , Xu An-Bao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFor a linear matrix functionfin$$X \in {\mathbb {R}}^{m\times n}$$X∈Rm×nwe consider inhomogeneous linear matrix equations$$f(X) = E$$f(X)=Efor$$E \ne 0$$E≠0that have or do not have solutions. For such systems we compute optimal norm constrained solutions iteratively using the Conjugate Gradient and Lanczos’ methods in combination with the More–Sorensen optimizer. We build codes for ten linear matrix equations, of Sylvester, Lyapunov, Stein and structured types and their T-versions, that differ only in two five times repeated equation specific code lines. Numerical experiments with linear matrix equations are performed that illustrate universality and efficiency of our method for dense and small data matrices, as well as for sparse and certain structured input matrices. Specifically we show how to adapt our universal method for sparse inputs and for structured data such as encountered when fusing image data sets via a Sylvester equation algorithm to obtain an image of higher resolution.
ILEOSTIM trial: a study protocol to evaluate the effectiveness of efferent loop stimulation before ileostomy reversal
Authors: Blanco N. , Oliva I. , Tejedor P. , Pastor E. , Alvarellos A. , Pastor C. , Baixauli J. , Arredondo J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
A protective loop ileostomy is the most useful method to reduce sequelae in the event of an anastomotic leakage (AL) after rectal cancer surgery. However, it requires an additional stoma reversal surgery with its own potential complications. Postoperative ileus (POI) remains the most common complication after ileostomy reversal, which leads to an increase in morbidity, length of hospital stay (LOS) and overall healthcare costs. Several retrospective studies carried out in this field have concluded that there are insufficient evidence-based recommendations about the routine application of preoperative bowel stimulation in clinical practice. Here we discuss whether stimulation of the efferent limb before ileostomy reversal might reduce POI and improve postoperative outcomes.

Methods
This is a multicentre randomised controlled trial to determine whether mechanical stimulation of the efferent limb during the 2 weeks before the ileostomy reversal would help to reduce the development of POI after surgery. This study was registered on Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05302557). Stimulation will consist of infusing a solution of 500 ml of saline chloride solution mixed with a thickening agent (Resource©, Nestlé Health Science; 6.4 g sachet) into the distal limb of the ileostomy loop. This will be performed within the 2 weeks before ileostomy reversal, in an outpatient clinic under the supervision of a trained stoma nurse.

Conclusion
The results of this study could provide some insights into the preoperative management of these patients.
Symmetry and Invariant Bases in Finite Element Exterior Calculus
Authors: Licht Martin W. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe study symmetries of bases and spanning sets in finite element exterior calculus, using representation theory. We want to know which vector-valued finite element spaces have bases invariant under permutation of vertex indices. The permutations of vertex indices correspond to the symmetry group of the simplex. That symmetry group is represented on simplicial finite element spaces by the pullback action. We determine a natural notion of invariance and sufficient conditions on the dimension and polynomial degree for the existence of invariant bases. We conjecture that these conditions are necessary too. We utilize Djoković and Malzan’s classification of monomial irreducible representations of the symmetric group and show new symmetries of the geometric decomposition and canonical isomorphisms of the finite element spaces. Explicit invariant bases with complex coefficients are constructed in dimensions two and three for different spaces of finite element differential forms.