bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary dynamics on a regular networked structured and unstructured multi‐population
Authors: Baar Wouter , Stella Leonardo , Bauso Dario 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we study collective decision‐making in a multi‐population framework, where groups of individuals represent whole populations that interact by means of a regular network. Each group consists of a number of players and every player can choose between two options. A group is characterized by three variables, the first two denoting the fractions of individuals committed to each option and the last one representing the fraction of players not committed to either option. The state of every population is influenced by the state of neighboring groups. The contribution of this work is the following. First, we find explicit expressions for all the equilibrium points of the proposed system, and show that these represent equilibrium points where populations reach consensus, namely, where all populations have the same states. We also derive a sufficient condition for local asymptotic stability as well as exponential asymptotic stability. Then, we study a structured model where every population is now assumed to represent a structured complex network. We conclude the paper by providing a set of simulations that corroborate the theoretical findings.
Progress and Prospects of Silk Fibroin as an Energy Storage Material
Authors: Sarkar Supriya Sanatkumar , Kandasubramanian Balasubramanian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDemand for energy storage devices has increased the need for eco‐friendly options like silk, a common textile material which under various conditions can possess fair electrical and piezoelectric activity. Silk Fibroin (SF) shows extreme reliability as future energy storage material when employed as essential battery components by forming an enhanced solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer and avoiding dendrite growth on electrode while retaining >99.9 % of its capacity for roughly 200 battery cycles along with conserving the electrical behavior. SF has the potential to replace quartz exhibiting a comparable piezoelectric response due to its β‐sheet composition and absence of center of symmetry in its crystalline units. This article focuses on the applications of SF and its derived engineered materials in different domains, including electric, piezoelectric, photovoltaic, and sensing. The ability of SF to be tailored into providing required functionalities expands its possibilities as green substitute for batteries, supercapacitors, solar cells, optoelectronics, and sensors.
Moderators and mediators of effects of interventions to reduce stress in hospital employees: A systematic review
Authors: Peters Martin , Klein Thomas , Stuber Felicitas , Kösters Markus , Mulfinger Nadine , Stiawa Maja , Puschner Bernd 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis systematic review examines moderators and mediators tested in evaluations of stress management interventions for hospital employees to determine their significance for intervention outcomes. To be included, studies had to comprise a moderator or mediator analysis and a quantitative assessment of stress or mental well‐being, and to be published in English or German language. Five databases (APA PsycInfo, APA PsycArticles, Embase, Medline, and Web of Science) were searched. Moderators and mediators were categorised thematically and examined using effect direction plots. Study quality was assessed using RoB 2 and ROBINS‐I. In fifteen included studies, 22 moderators and ten mediators were identified. Moderators and mediators were categorised into individual psychological factors (14), socio‐economic status (6), work situation (5), intervention (3), and duration of employment (3). Two moderators (perceived stressfulness of residency, job control) had a positive, two a negative impact (spirituality, socially desirable responding). One moderator (years of professional experience) had a positive and negative impact. Three moderators measured on categorical scales (gender, profession, and shiftwork) also had effects, favouring women, physicians and night‐shift employees. Five mediators (adherence to intervention, mindfulness, non‐reactivity to inner experience, total observing, and self‐compassion) had a positive impact, while three (isolation, over‐identification, psychological inflexibility) had a negative impact. In conclusion, effects of interventions were predominantly driven by individual psychological factors, while the role of other variables seems to be limited. Interventions focussing on primary or tertiary prevention were rare. Also processes through which organisational‐level interventions can be most effective have been hardly investigated. Larger and methodologically robust studies are needed to better understand causal pathways and optimise matching of interventions to target groups.
Synergistic Inclusion Effects of Hard Magnetic Nanorods on the Magnetomechanical Actuation of Soft Magnetic Microsphere‐Based Polymer Composites
Authors: Park Jeong Eun , Kwon Seung Hyuk , Lu Qi , Choi Hyoung Jin , Wie Jeong Jae 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe magnetomechanical actuation of micropillars is developed for the contactless manipulation of miniaturized actuators and microtextured surfaces. Anisotropic geometry of micropillars can significantly enhance the magnetic actuation compared with their isotropic counterparts by directional stress distributions. However, this strategy is not viable for triangular micropillars owing to insufficient anisotropy. In this study, a significant improvement in the magnetic actuation of triangular micropillars using composite magnetic particles is reported. A minute and optimal amount of hard magnetic gamma‐ferrite nanorods are hybridized with soft magnetic iron microspheres to generate synergistic effects of magnetic coupling and percolation phenomenon on the magnetic actuation of polymer composites. The addition of 1 wt% face‐centered cubic‐phased gamma‐ferrite nanorods suppresses the magnetic coupling interference of body‐centered cubic‐phased iron microspheres. Furthermore, the nanorods reduce the percolation threshold by participating in the percolation of the microspheres. A systematic compositional study on the magnetization and magnetorheological properties reveals that the coupling effect dominates the percolation effect at a low magnetic field, whereas the percolation effect governs the magnetic actuation at a high magnetic field. This hybrid approach can help in designing material constituents for effective magnetic actuators and robotic systems that can sensitively respond to an external magnetic field.
Halide Ion Mixing across Colloidal 2D Ruddlesden‐Popper Perovskites: Implication of Spacer Ligand on Mixing Kinetics
Authors: Yadav Amar Nath , Min Seonhong , Choe Hyejin , Park Jiwoo , Cho Junsang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHalide ion exchange seen in metal halide perovskites provide a substantial opportunity to control their halide composition and corresponding optoelectronic properties. Halide ion mixing across colloidal 3D perovskite nanocrystals have been extensively studied while the mixing within colloidal 2D counterparts remain underexplored. In this study, the halide ion exchange kinetics across colloidally stable 2D Ruddlesden‐Popper layered bromide (Br) and iodide (I) perovskites using two different spacer ligands such as aromatic phenethylammonium (PEA) versus linear butyammonium (BA) is demonstrated. The halide exchange kinetic rate constant (k), as determined by tracking time‐dependent absorbance changes, indicates that Br/I halide mixing in 2D PEA‐based perovskites (2.7 × 10−3 min−1) occurs at an order of magnitude slower than in 2D BA‐based perovskites (3.3 × 10−2 min−1). Concentration (≈1 mM to 100 mM) and temperature‐dependent (50 to 80 °C) kinetic studies further allow for the determination of activation barrier for halide ion mixing across the 2D layered perovskites with 75.2 ± 4.4 kJ mol−1 (2D PEA) and 57.8 ± 7.8 kJ mol−1 (2D BA), respectively. The activation energy reveals that the type of spacer cations plays a crucial role in controlling the halide ion mobility and halide stability due mainly to the internal ligand chemical interaction within 2D structures.
Qualitative software engineering research: Reflections and guidelines
Authors: Lenberg Per , Feldt Robert , Gren Lucas , Wallgren Tengberg Lars Göran , Tidefors Inga , Graziotin Daniel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractResearchers are increasingly recognizing the importance of human aspects in software development. Because qualitative methods are used to explore human behavior in‐depth, we believe that studies using such methods will become more common. Existing qualitative software engineering guidelines do not cover the full breadth of qualitative methods and the knowledge on how to use them like in social sciences. The purpose of this study was to extend the software engineering community's current body of knowledge regarding available qualitative methods and their quality assurance frameworks and to provide recommendations and guidelines for their use. With the support of an epistemological argument and a survey of the literature, we suggest that future research would benefit from (1) utilizing a broader set of research methods, (2) more strongly emphasizing reflexivity, and (3) employing qualitative guidelines and quality criteria. We present an overview of three qualitative methods commonly used in social sciences but rarely seen in software engineering research, namely interpretative phenomenological analysis, narrative analysis, and discourse analysis. Furthermore, we discuss the meaning of reflexivity in relation to the software engineering context and suggest means of fostering it. Our paper will help software engineering researchers better select and then guide the application of a broader set of qualitative research methods.
Integration of a derivatization protocol and LC–MS sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra strategy for amino acid determination in human plasma
Authors: Papaioannou Varvara , Mikropoulou Eleni V. , Yanni Amalia , Karathanos Vaios , Aidini Athina , Paccou Alexandre , Halabalaki Maria 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAmino acids (AAs) comprise fundamental components of the human organism since they participate in several physiological functions. Numerous methods have been developed to quantify AAs in biological fluids due to the challenges posed by matrix handling (limited sample quantities, complexity) and their physicochemical properties (protein binding, low detectability, and high polarity). This study developed and validated an LC–MS method using ion‐pairing chromatography, a sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra approach and a derivatization kit for AA analysis of physiological fluids to simultaneously quantify plasma AAs and provide data for untargeted analytical approaches. Finally, proof of concept was demonstrated through the analysis of 450 samples from a dietary intervention study with protein‐enriched wheat biscuits.
Degradation of pesticides using hybrid processes based on cavitation and photocatalysis: A review
Authors: Bagal Manisha V. , Nandgawle Bhagyesh A. , Thosar Rohan V. , Mohod Ashish V. , Gogate Parag R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe production of pesticides and its subsequent consumption in agricultural fields have increased significantly also resulting in environmental concerns. The current review discusses the different aspects of two emerging techniques as cavitation and photocatalysis that can be effectively applied for the degradation of toxic pesticides. Governing mechanisms for the degradation have been presented followed by discussion on the effect of different parameters on the extent of degradation, also presenting guidelines for optimum selection. It has been also demonstrated that the obtained degradation can be synergistically intensified by using combined techniques with complimentary mechanisms. The discussion clearly revealed that cavitation and photocatalysis have great potential to degrade pesticides efficiently. Overall, it was demonstrated that combined technique under the optimized set of operating conditions is energy‐efficient, cost‐effective and promising technique for pesticide degradation.
The Potential of Arsenic‐based Zintl Phases as Thermoelectric Materials: Structure & Thermoelectric Properties
Authors: Islam Md. Minhajul , Kauzlarich Susan M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractZintl phase thermoelectric materials have generated tremendous interest due to possessing structural features conducive to high thermoelectric performances. On the other hand, both arsenic and arsenic‐based compounds have become attractive in electronics due to having interesting properties like narrow bandgap, tunable carrier concentration, and non‐centrosymmetric structures. The structure of arsenic compounds plays a telling role in determining their efficiency as thermoelectric materials. They also show the scope to be doped as both p‐ and n‐type conduction providing exciting new materials with applications as a full module. These attributes make them appealing as thermoelectric materials for further research. This short review is an overview of the different structures of arsenic‐based Zintl ternary materials that have potential to be excellent thermoelectric materials.
Sharp interface analysis of a diffuse interface model for cell blebbing with linker dynamics
Authors: Nöldner Philipp , Burger Martin , Garcke Harald 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe investigate the convergence of solutions of a recently proposed diffuse interface/phase field model for cell blebbing by means of matched asymptotic expansions. It is a biological phenomenon that increasingly attracts attention by both experimental and theoretical communities. Key to understanding the process of cell blebbing mechanically are proteins that link the cell cortex and the cell membrane. Another important model component is the bending energy of the cell membrane and cell cortex which accounts for differential equations up to sixth order. Both aspects pose interesting mathematical challenges that will be addressed in this work like showing non‐singularity formation for the pressure at boundary layers, deriving equations for asymptotic series coefficients of uncommonly high order, and dealing with a highly coupled system of equations.
Valuing Private Equity
Authors: Schoenmaker Dirk , Schramade Willem 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPrivate equity funds are set up to invest in private companies for a predefined multiyear period. Private equity companies, i.e. the companies that run private equity funds, come in several types, with different goals and methods. Private equity performs an important role in funding and fostering companies that are as yet too small for the stock market and/or too risky for bank loans.By nature, private equity is very well suited to sustainable investing since it is a fundamental form of investing with active ownership, multiyear investment horizons, and close consideration of the company’s business model and circumstances. However, in the application of sustainability considerations, private equity falls behind the public equity space. The main difficulty lies in getting the right information for the investors in private equity funds, as many of these funds are still reluctant to systematically report on environmental and social factors—although this is improving. The integrated view on private equity is again similar to the one on public equity, but with the added challenge of data and comparability.
Risk-Return Analysis
Authors: Schoenmaker Dirk , Schramade Willem 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRisk-return analysis is central to financial decision-making. The basic idea is that risk-averse investors ask compensation for higher risk, in the form of a risk premium on risky assets. The key insight of portfolio theory is that a company’s risk, at least as measured by the distribution of its historical stock returns, can be split into systematic or market-wide risk and idiosyncratic risk. As idiosyncratic risk can be diversified away in a portfolio, investors are only rewarded with a risk premium for the market risk component. This is the beta of the Capital Asset Pricing Model. But historical risk-return analysis has limitations in accurately assessing current and future financial risk. We therefore explore forward-looking measures of financial risk and return. Moreover, we expand the single-factor market model to a multifactor model by adding social and environmental factors.Yet, another step is to assess social and environmental risk in their own right, as well as their impact on integrated risk. This, in turn, allows us to estimate the cost of integrated capital, which should give corporate managers the tools to make that assessment in their investment decisions. Company examples show that integrated risk-return analysis leads to different, and more sustainable, decisions.
Capital Structure
Authors: Schoenmaker Dirk , Schramade Willem 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCapital structure is about the funding side of the company’s balance sheet and enables a better understanding of a company’s risk profile and health. We start from financial capital structure, which concerns the proportions of debt and equity in proportion to each other and the company’s asset base. These can be expressed in ratios such as debt/assets. We then consider theories that explain financial capital structure, such as the Modigliani-Miller (MM) theorems. Subsequently, we consider the capital structures of environmental (E) and social (S) separately. Companies generate assets and liabilities on E and S, as they do on the financial side. The main difference is that it is typically much less clear how strong the claims against the company are, and to what extent they will materialise in financial terms. However, their presence and size give strong indications of additional risk. The analysis of the capital structures of E and S allows us to take the next step, namely the construction of an integrated capital structure, which is the capital structure of F, E, and S combined. As found in Chap. 13 on the cost of integrated capital, liabilities on S and E can make the integrated capital structure riskier than the financial capital structure and raise the cost of integrated capital.
Options
Authors: Schoenmaker Dirk , Schramade Willem 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFinancial options are contracts that give the owner the right to buy (in the case of a call option) or sell (in the case of a put option) a security at a pre-specified price (the exercise price). The flexibility is on the side of the buyer, but the seller is compensated with a premium paid by the buyer. Sophisticated models have been developed to determine the value of options. Options are interesting since they offer an alternative way of tying payoffs to (future) situations, also outside of contractual settings. In that case, they are called real options. Real options come in various types, such as the option to delay, the option to expand, and the option to abandon. One can analyse many situations as combinations of options, and one can visualise them with decision trees and payoff graphs for a better intuitive grasp of situations.Real options on financial (F) factors can have environmental (E) or social (S) drivers: payoff in terms of F, but with E or S as the underlying values. There are also real options on E and S themselves, i.e. with the payoffs in terms of E and S, and possibly the underlying values as well. In fact, companies are short a lot of options against society, but awareness of it is low. The interactions between F, S, and E options call for an integrated view on options, which helps make these options and their trade-offs more explicit.
Valuing Bonds
Authors: Schoenmaker Dirk , Schramade Willem 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis chapter introduces the basic types of bonds and considers their valuation. Bonds are an important source of funding for corporations. And even government bonds are relevant to companies, since the yield on government bonds serves as the risk-free rate discussed in Chap. 4. We explain the drivers of bond yields and the term structure of interest rates. Subsequently, we discuss the liquidity and credit risk of corporate bonds, including the role of ratings.Social and environmental factors are increasingly being integrated in the valuation of corporate bonds. Studying the company’s business model is important for sustainability integration in the credit risk analysis of bonds. This chapter shows how to include a company’s adaptability to sustainability transitions into the credit risk analysis. Companies that can better adapt their business model face a lower credit risk and hence a lower cost of debt. In addition, there is innovation in the form of sustainability-linked bonds, green bonds, and social bonds to cater for sustainable investment projects.
Ill-Founded Proof Systems for Intuitionistic Linear-Time Temporal Logic
Authors: Afshari Bahareh , Grotenhuis Lide , Leigh Graham E. , Zenger Lukas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe introduce ill-founded sequent calculi for two intuitionistic linear-time temporal logics. Both logics are based on the language of intuitionistic propositional logic with ‘next’ and ‘until’ operators and are evaluated on dynamic Kripke models wherein the intuitionistic and temporal accessibility relations are assumed to satisfy one of two natural confluence properties: forward confluence in one case, and both forward and backward confluence in the other. The presented sequent calculi are cut-free and incorporate a simple form of formula nesting. Soundness of the calculi is shown by a standard argument and completeness via proof search.
Resolution Calculi for Non-normal Modal Logics
Authors: Pattinson Dirk , Olivetti Nicola , Nalon Cláudia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe present resolution calculi for the cube of classical non-normal modal logics. The calculi are based on a simple clausal form that comprises both local and global clauses. Any formula can be efficiently transformed into a small set of clauses. The calculi contain uniform rules and provide a decision procedure for all logics. Their completeness is based on a new and crucial notion of inconsistency predicate, needed to ensure the usual closure properties of maximal consistent sets. As far as we know the calculi presented here are the first resolution calculi for this class of logics.
The Logic of Separation Logic: Models and Proofs
Authors: de Boer Frank S. , Hiep Hans-Dieter A. , de Gouw Stijn 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe standard semantics of separation logic is restricted to finite heaps. This restriction already gives rise to a logic which does not satisfy compactness, hence it does not allow for an effective, sound and complete axiomatization. In this paper we therefore study both the general model theory and proof theory of the separation logic of finite and infinite heaps over arbitrary (first-order) models. We show that we can express in the resulting logic finiteness of the models and the existence of both countably infinite and uncountable models. We further show that a sound and complete sequent calculus still can be obtained by restricting the second-order quantification over heaps to first-order definable heaps.
DefTab : A Tableaux System for Sceptical Consequence in Default Modal Logics
Authors: Areces Carlos , Cassano Valentin , Fervari Raul , Hoffmann Guillaume 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe report on an implementation of a tableaux calculus for sceptical consequence in Default Logic built on Hybrid Modal Logic. In turn, our tool offers support for checking default consequence over formulas from Propositional Logic, Basic Modal Logic and Hybrid Logic. We develop a test suite for assessing the correctness, scalability, and efficiency of our system, and inform on the results. Interestingly, our method can be adapted to generate examples for other default provers.