bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strain‐Induced Distortions Modulate the Optoelectronic Properties of Epitaxial BiVO4 Films
Authors: Fernandez Erwin N. , Grave Daniel A. , van de Krol Roel , Abdi Fatwa F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTransition metal oxide (TMO) photoabsorbers are expected to play an important role in the development of renewable solar‐to‐fuel devices. Modest efficiencies have been demonstrated with devices based on TMO photoabsorbers, and further progress will likely rely on material property control beyond conventional bulk chemistry or nanostructuring strategies. To this end, model TMO photoabsorbers such as single crystalline monoclinic bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) are beneficial to advance the understanding of structure‐functionality relationships with minimal convoluted effects inherent in polycrystalline systems. Here, the authors reveal for the first time the effects of strain modulation strategies on the optoelectronic properties of epitaxial BiVO4 films synthesized by alternate‐target layer‐by‐layer pulsed laser deposition. Through a combination of high‐resolution X‐ray diffraction methods and optical and photoluminescence spectroscopies, the correlation between anisotropic, uniaxial strain‐driven bandgap widening and deviatoric strains associated with volume‐preserving lattice distortions is established. Broad polaronic photoluminescence signals are detected in epitaxial BiVO4, and its redshift is attributed to the structural distortion in BiO8 dodecahedra. Overall, the relationship between the structural and optoelectronic properties revealed in this study suggests that strain modulation and engineering of local distortion in complex transition metal oxides may be exploited as a viable strategy for the development of efficient photoabsorbers.
Near‐Room‐Temperature Thermoelectric Performance Enhancement Via Phonon Spectra Mismatch in Mg3(Sb, Bi)2‐Based Material by Incorporating Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Liang Zhongxin , Xu Congcong , Shang Hongjing , Ning Minghui , Tong Tian , Song Shaowei , Ren Wuyang , Shi Xin , Liu Xiu , Ding Fazhu , Bao Jiming , Wang Dezhi , Ren Zhifeng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlthough a high figure of merit (zT) over a wide range of temperatures has been shown in n‐type Zintl Mg3(Sb, Bi)2, further improvement of its near‐room‐temperature performance is still required to promote its application in next‐generation thermoelectric coolers and power generators. Here, a novel strategy of phonon spectra mismatch for enhancing the thermoelectric performance of Mg3(Sb, Bi)2 is reported by incorporating multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). The introduction of very small amounts of MWCNT generates a large interfacial thermal resistance and thus significantly reduces the lattice thermal conductivity of the resulting composites, while maintaining a high power factor. As a result, a zT of ≈1.5 at 573 K and an average zT of 1.14 between 323 and 573 K can be achieved in the 0.5 wt% MWCNT composite. Moreover, a high conversion efficiency of ≈8.1% under a temperature difference of 283 K is realized in a resulting single‐leg device, making it a promising candidate material for low‐grade heat recovery. This study provides not only a material with a high near‐room‐temperature zT but also a unique insight into the design of high‐performance thermoelectric materials via compositing to exploit the large difference in phonon spectra between the components of the composite.
Physical activity interventions in older adults with a cognitive impairment: A critical review of reviews
Authors: de Rondão Catarina Alexandra , Mota Maria Paula , Esteves Dulce 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis critical review explores the review material on physical activity combined with cognitive stimulation interventions in older adults with cognitive impairment and/or dementia. A critical, systematic, review of the review method was used, considering four electronic databases: WEB OF SCIENCE, SCOPUS, MEDLINE, and the COCHRANE ELECTRONIC LIBRARY. The search terms “exercise,” “physical activity,” “cognitive impairment,” “dementia,” and “systematic review” were used. All available reviews were marked against predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. There were 32 reviews that met the inclusion criteria. A combination of various types of training and aerobic exercises were the most frequently reported interventions; meanwhile, dual task training programs (combining physical exercise with cognitive stimulation), functional training programs along with exercises combination, aerobic exercise as well as strength, stretching, or balance workouts were also reported. The evidence is compelling; exercise can improve physical health by ensuring cognitive, psychological, and behavioral benefits. Overall, exercise can improve the physical and mental health of people living with dementia: there is sufficient evidence to recommend multimodal exercise.
Robotic‐assisted colectomy for right‐sided colon cancer: Short‐term surgical outcomes of a multi‐institutional prospective cohort study in Japan
Authors: Yamauchi Shinichi , Shiomi Akio , Matsuda Chu , Takemasa Ichiro , Hanai Tsunekazu , Uemura Mamoru , Kinugasa Yusuke 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn Japan, there are no substantial reports on robotic‐assisted colectomy because few institutions performed the procedure, as it was not covered by national insurance until March 2022.AimThis study aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of robotic‐assisted colectomy for patients with curatively resectable colon cancer in Japan.MethodsThis multi‐institutional, prospective, single‐arm, observational study enrolled patients diagnosed with curatively resectable clinical stage I–IIIC colon adenocarcinoma with D2 or D3 lymph node dissection and treated with robotic‐assisted colectomy. The primary endpoint was the conversion rate to laparotomy. The non‐inferiority of outcomes for robotic‐assisted colectomy versus laparoscopic colectomy, which was determined from historical data, was verified.ResultsOne hundred patients were registered between July 2019 and March 2022 and underwent robotic‐assisted colectomy performed by seven expert surgeons at six institutions. Thirteen patients were excluded because their surgeons had insufficient experience performing robotic‐assisted colectomy; therefore, 87 patients were eligible for the primary endpoint analysis. There was no conversion in these 87 patients, and robotic‐assisted colectomy was non‐inferior to laparoscopic colectomy in terms of conversion rate (90% confidence interval 0–3.38, p = 0.0006). No intraoperative adverse events occurred, and no mortality was observed in a total of 100 patients. The rate of patients with Clavien–Dindo complications grade III or higher was 4%.ConclusionThis study showed the non‐inferiority of the conversion rates between robotic‐assisted colectomy and laparoscopic colectomy. Favorable perioperative outcomes also suggest the safety and feasibility of robotic‐assisted colectomy.
Associations of self‐perceived and objective BMI and adiposity status among adolescents from Kraków (Poland)
Authors: Badzińska Julia , Żegleń Magdalena , Kryst Łukasz 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe study aimed to determine the association of self‐perceived and objective BMI and adiposity status among adolescents from Kraków (Poland).MethodsThe study was carried out in 2022, in randomly selected schools in Kraków (Poland). The study group consisted of 93 individuals (47 girls and 46 boys) aged 11–15. Anthropometric characteristics included body height, body weight and body fat percentage (%BF), measured by bioimpedance method (BIA). Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated. Self‐perceived body weight/adiposity status was obtained using a question extracted from the Polish version of the Health Behavior in School‐Aged Children (HBSC).ResultsThe results of the current study provide evidence that girls who were dissatisfied with their bodies thought they were too fat, while boys, on the contrary, thought they were too thin. Trends in this regard begin to appear in girls around the age of 11, while in boys at around 12/13.ConclusionIt is worth noting that the dissatisfaction of the examined children with their physique coincided with the onset of puberty. As some children begin puberty earlier than others, making them stand out from their peers. They begin to give more attention to their bodies and compare them with the physiques of others. Additionally, comparing one's body to the “ideal figure” depicted on social media and ones inability to obtain it also can lead to body dissatisfaction.
Welfare assessment of slow loris (Nycticebus spp.) at an Indonesian primate rehabilitation center: Development and validation of body condition score
Authors: Ghassani Yumni K. , Rianti Puji , Priambada Nur P. , Arifin Imam , Saptorini Indri , Prameswari Wendi , Darusman Huda S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBody condition scoring (BCS) assessment can reflect animal welfare status and help the veterinarian to make a quick health management decision, including for confiscated slow loris (Nycticebus spp.). The confiscated slow loris should be rehabilitated in a rehabilitation center before being released. It is essential to monitor the welfare of slow loris to ensure that candidates are released. Assessment of animal welfare status requires representative measurable criteria and indicators. However, there is no standardized BCS for slow loris yet. This study focuses on developing and validating BCS based on body weight and circumference. In this study, 180 individuals were evaluated and scored. We measured body weight and circumferences to validate the assessment of BCS. There are no significant differences in body weight and circumferences within species and sexes. Muscle mass and fat deposits were palpated, visually viewed, and grouped in five BCS. There was a significant difference in body weight and circumference between BCS levels. According to this study, the development of BCS is valid and can be used to slow loris in prevailing circumstances and any ex‐situ facilities.
Structure‐Function Analysis of the S‐Glycosylation Reaction in the Biosynthesis of Lincosamide Antibiotics
Authors: Mori Takahiro , Sun Xin , Kadlcik Stanislav , Janata Jiri , Abe Ikuro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe S‐glycosyltransferase LmbT, involved in the biosynthesis of lincomycin A, is the only known enzyme that catalyzes the enzymatic incorporation of rare amino acid L‐ergothioneine (EGT) into secondary metabolites. Here, we show the structure and function analyses of LmbT. Our in vitro analysis of LmbT revealed that the enzyme shows promiscuous substrate specificity toward nitrogenous base moieties in the generation of unnatural nucleotide diphosphate (NDP)‐D‐α‐D‐lincosamides. Furthermore, the X‐ray crystal structures of LmbT in its apo form and in complex with substrates indicated that the large conformational changes of the active site occur upon binding of the substrates, and that EGT is strictly recognized by salt‐bridge and cation‐π interactions with Arg260 and Trp101, respectively. The structure of LmbT in complex with its substrates, the docking model with the EGT‐S‐conjugated lincosamide, and the structure‐based site‐directed mutagenesis analysis revealed the structural details of the LmbT‐catalyzed SN2‐like S‐glycosylation reaction with EGT.
Circularly Polarized Luminescence from Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino) Carbene Derived Propellers
Authors: Lorkowski Jan , Bouetard Dylan , Yorkgitis Patrick , Gembicky Milan , Roisnel Thierry , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Munz Dominik , Favereau Ludovic , Bertrand Guy , Mauduit Marc , Jazzar Rodolphe 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOrganic circularly polarized luminescence (CPL)‐active molecular emitters featuring dynamic propeller‐like luminophores were prepared in one step from cyclic(alkyl)(amino) carbenes (CAACs). These molecules exhibit through‐space arene‐arene π‐delocalization and rapid intramolecular inter‐system crossing (ISC) in line with their helical character.
Preparation of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) derived from palm fiber waste: Effect of ozone pretreatment on CMC properties
Authors: Pujokaroni Agustu Sholeh , Ichiura Hideaki 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCarboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was prepared using cellulose extracted from palm fiber (CPF). The effect of ozone pretreatment on the CMC properties degree of substitution (DS) and viscosity was investigated. After treatment of CPF with ozone, CMC was prepared by alkalization followed by etherification using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium monochloroacetic acid (NaMCA) in an alcoholic medium. The DS of CMC increased with increased ozone pretreatment time and with increased amounts of NaOH and NaMCA reagents. The CMC solubility increased with increasing DS. Therefore, the solubility increased with ozone pretreatment time. The favored treatment conditions were ozone pretreatment for 3 h, followed by the addition of 10 mL of 30% NaOH and 38.6 mM of NaMCA. Under these conditions, the DS, purity, and solubility were 1.05, 79.6%, and 94.6%, respectively. The viscosity of CMC prepared using cellulose treated with ozone decreased with increasing ozone pretreatment time, which was caused by the reduced degree of polymerization. Therefore, use of ozone pretreatment for CMC preparation is an effective method for controlling CMC properties.
Advances in the mTOR signaling pathway and its inhibitor rapamycin in epilepsy
Authors: Zhao Wei , Xie Cong , Zhang Xu , Liu Ju , Liu Jinzhi , Xia Zhangyong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionEpilepsy is one of the most common and serious brain syndromes and has adverse consequences on a patient's neurobiological, cognitive, psychological, and social wellbeing, thereby threatening their quality of life. Some patients with epilepsy experience poor treatment effects due to the unclear pathophysiological mechanisms of the syndrome. Dysregulation of the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is thought to play an important role in the onset and progression of some epilepsies.MethodsThis review summarizes the role of the mTOR signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of epilepsy and the prospects for the use of mTOR inhibitors.ResultsThe mTOR pathway functions as a vital mediator in epilepsy development through diverse mechanisms, indicating that the it has great potential as an effective target for epilepsy therapy. The excessive activation of mTOR signaling pathway leads to structural changes in neurons, inhibits autophagy, exacerbates neuron damage, affects mossy fiber sprouting, enhances neuronal excitability, increases neuroinflammation, and is closely associated with tau upregulation in epilepsy. A growing number of studies have demonstrated that mTOR inhibitors exhibit significant antiepileptic effects in both clinical applications and animal models. Specifically, rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of TOR, reduces the intensity and frequency of seizures. Clinical studies in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex have shown that rapamycin has the function of reducing seizures and improving this disease. Everolimus, a chemically modified derivative of rapamycin, has been approved as an added treatment to other antiepileptic medicines. Further explorations are needed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and application value of mTOR inhibitors in epilepsy.ConclusionsTargeting the mTOR signaling pathway provides a promising prospect for the treatment of epilepsy.
Automatic assessment of object oriented programming assignments with unit testing in Python and a real case assignment
Authors: Climent Laura , Arbelaez Alejandro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we focus on developing automatic assessment (AA) for a topic that has some difficulties in its practical assessment: object oriented programming (OOP). For evaluating that the OOP principles have been correctly applied to a real application, we use unit testing. In this paper, we focus on prioritizing that the students understand and apply correctly complex OOP principles and that they design properly the classes (including their relationships). In addition, we focus on the Python programming language rather than the typical previous works' focus in this area. Thus, we present a real case study of a practical assignment, in which the students have to implement characters for a video game. This assignment has the particularities and advantages that it is incremental and that it applies all four OOP principles within a single assignment. We also present its solution with the UML class diagram description. Furthermore, we provide unit testing for this case study and give general advice for generalizing the unit tests to other real case scenarios. Finally, we corroborate the effectiveness of our approach with positive student evaluations.
Transient downregulation of NR4A1 leads to impaired osteoblast differentiation through the TGF‐ß pathway, and Elesclomol (STA‐4783) rescues this phenotype
Authors: Muthurangan Manikandan , Elsafadi Mona , Siyal Abdulaziz , Kaimkhani Zahid Ali , Umrani Arbila , AlMuraikhi Nihal A. , Alfayez Musaad , Abdelhady Essam Eldin , Alqahtani Hamad , Basavarajappa Santhosh , Aboul‐Soud Mourad A. M. , Mahmood Amer 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBone formation is regulated by numerous factors, such as transcription factors, cytokines, and extracellular matrix molecules. Human hormone nuclear receptors (hHNR) are a family of ligand‐regulated transcription factors that are activated by steroid hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone, and various lipid‐soluble signals, including retinoic acid, oxysterols, and thyroid hormone. We found that an hHNR called NR4A1 was the most highly expressed after human MSC differentiation into osteoblasts by whole‐genome microarray. NR4A1 knockout decreased the osteoblastic differentiation of hMSCs in terms of ALPL expression and key marker gene expression. Whole‐genome microarray analysis further confirmed the decrease in key pathways when we knocked down NR4A1. Further studies with small molecule activators identified a novel molecule called Elesclomol (STA‐4783), which could activate and enhance osteoblast differentiation. Elesclomol activation of hMSCs also induced the gene expression of NR4A1 and rescued the phenotype of NR4A1 KD. In addition, Elesclomol activated the TGF‐ß pathway by regulating key marker genes. In conclusion, we first identified the role of NR4A1 in osteoblast differentiation and that Elesclomol is a positive regulator of NR4A1 through activation of the TGF‐ß signalling pathway.
Are weeds a concern when dredged ditch sediments are applied to agricultural fields?
Authors: Simmons Mathew D. , Witter Jonathan D. , Voltz Daniel C. , Haden Van Ryan , Lindsey Alexander J. 
Published: May 2023

Core Ideas
Dredging is a common maintenance practice in agricultural ditches and spoil management is a challenge for farmers.
Farmers are concerned that application of sediments to fields poses a risk for redistribution of weed seed.
Weeds germinated from ditch sediments in this study are controlled by commonly used herbicides.
Substitution Effects on the Photophysical and Photoredox Properties of Tetraaza[7]helicenes
Authors: Rocker Johannes , Dresel Johannes A. , Krieger Leonie A. , Eckhardt Paul , Ortuño Ana M. , Kitzmann Winald R. , Clever Guido H. , Heinze Katja , Opatz Till 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA series of substituted derivatives of tetraaza[7]helicenes were synthesized and the influence of the substitution on their photophysical and photoredox‐catalytic properties was studied. The combination of their high fluorescence quantum yields of up to 0.65 and their circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) activity results in CPL brightness values (BCPL) that are among the highest recorded for [7]helicenes so far. A sulfonylation/hetarylation reaction using cyanopyridines as substrates for photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from the excited helicenes was conducted to test for viability in photoredox catalysis. DFT calculations predict the introduction of electron withdrawing substituents to yield more oxidizing catalysts.
Computational fluid dynamics based Taguchi analysis on shear stress in microfluidic cerebrovascular channels
Authors: Garud Kunal Sandip , Jeong Sehoon , Lee Moo‐Yeon 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe cerebrovascular blood vessels feed necessary agents such as oxygen, glucose, and so forth. to the brain which maintains the smooth functioning of the human body. However, the blood–brain barrier as a vascular border restricts the entry of drugs that can be necessary for the treatment of neurological disorders. The fluid shear stress in the cerebrovascular blood vessels may regulate the drug delivery in the interface between the cerebrovascular blood vessels and the brain. The intensity of influence by various factors that affects the shear stress in the cerebrovascular blood vessels is scarcely addressed in the present study. A hybrid approach of computational fluid dynamics and Taguchi analysis is proposed to evaluate the influence of various geometrical and operating factors on the shear stress in the microfluidic cerebrovascular channel. Furthermore, the non‐Newtonian behavior of blood flow is considered to evaluate the shear stress in the microfluidic cerebrovascular channel. The Newtonian and six non‐Newtonian fluids models of Carreau, Carreau–Yasuda, Casson, Cross, Ostwald–de Waele, and Herschel–Bulkley are numerically tested under various conditions of the flow rate, width, and height of the channel to find the viscosity influence on the shear stress. The Taguchi analysis consisting of range and variance analyses is applied to the L16 orthogonal array to evaluate the effect of various factors on shear stress in terms of influence order, range, F value, and percentage contribution. The parameters for the considered six non‐Newtonian fluid models are proposed to accurately map the viscosity behavior with shear strain compared to the actual blood flow behavior. The Newtonian, Carreau, and Carreau–Yasuda non‐Newtonian fluid models are found accurately with maximum errors between the experimental and numerical shear stress results as 2.17%, 1.30%, and 1.48%, respectively. The shear stress decreases with an increase in the width and height of the channel and a decrease in the viscosity for all flow rates. The porosity is evaluated as a highly influential factor followed by the flow rate, width, and height of the channel in decreasing order based on their effects on the shear stress. The modified shear stress equation is proposed with an accuracy of 0.96 by integrating the effect of porosity in addition to width, height, flow rate, and viscosity. The in‐vitro microfluidic cerebrovascular model could be designed and manufactured based on the proposed results on influence order, F value, and percentage contribution of various factors in direction of achieving the in‐vivo level shear stress.
Breeding cereal rye (Secale cereale) for quality traits
Authors: Brzozowski Lauren J. , Szuleta Elżbieta , Phillips Timothy D. , Van Sanford David A. , Clark Anthony J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCereal rye (Secale cereale) is a multi‐purpose crop, harvested for grain (for food, feed, and other products) as well as used as a forage or cover crop. The functionality of rye across these spheres is due to its abiotic and biotic stress tolerance and unique phytochemical composition. In this review, we focus on the current state and prospects of breeding rye for quality traits, where we define quality traits as grain, feed, or forage quality. Rye grain for human consumption has numerous healthful compounds, notably high dietary fiber content in grain and unique flavors that contribute to the signature properties of rye baked products and distilled spirits. As a forage, rye is useful in marginal environments and has high quality, including high crude protein, and is thus valuable for livestock production. While yield remains a major focus of breeding efforts, due to recent improvements in rye genomic and phenotypic resources, there are now opportunities for increased attention on breeding high‐quality ryes for multiple end uses. Through genetic improvement of quality traits, cereal rye has the potential to expand and serve multiple markets as a climate‐resilient crop.