bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building blocks of the flavourful SMEFT RG
Authors: Machado Camila S. , Renner Sophie , Sutherland Dave 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A powerful aspect of effective field theories is connecting scales through renormalisation group (RG) flow. The anomalous dimension matrix of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) encodes clues to where to find relics of heavy new physics in data, but its unwieldy 2499 × 2499 size (at operator dimension 6) makes it difficult to draw general conclusions. In this paper, we study the flavour structure of the SMEFT one loop anomalous dimension matrix of dimension 6 current-current operators, a 1460 × 1460 submatrix. We take an on-shell approach, laying bare simple patterns by factorising the entries of the matrix into their gauge, kinematic and flavour parts. We explore the properties of different diagram topologies, and make explicit the connection between the IR-finiteness of certain diagrams and their gauge and flavour structure. Through a completely general flavour decomposition of the Wilson coefficient matrices, we uncover new flavour selection rules, from which small subsystems emerge which mix almost exclusively amongst themselves. We show that, for example, if we neglect all Yukawa couplings except for that of the top quark, the selection rules produce block diagonalisation within the current-current operators in which the largest block is a 61 × 61 matrix. We provide all the ingredients of the calculations in comprehensive appendices, including SM and SMEFT helicity amplitudes, and explicit results for phase space integrals and gauge contractions. This deconstruction of the matrix, and its resulting block-diagonalisation, provides a first step to understanding the IR-relevant directions in the SMEFT parameter space, hence closing in on natural places for heavy new physics to make itself known.
Optimal Cwikel–Solomyak Estimates
Authors: Sukochev Fedor , Zanin Dmitriy 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe obtain the optimal version of Cwikel-type estimates for the uniform operator norm which implies the optimality of M.Z. Solomyak’s results (Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. 71(1):53–75, 1995) within the classes of Orlicz/Lorentz spaces. Our methods are based on finding the distributional version of the Sobolev inequality.
Allgemein- und viszeralchirurgische Oberarztkonsile für andere medizinische Disziplinen über 10 Jahre an einem tertiären Zentrum – ist eine schnelle, zeitaufwendige Abarbeitung notwendig?
Authors: Schildberg C. , Kropf S. , Perrakis A. , Croner R. S. , Meyer F. 
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Herausforderungen einer adäquaten, effizienten und rationellen medizinischen Versorgung und Betreuung von Patienten stehen immer im Zusammenhang mit der interprofessionellen Tätigkeit mehrerer Fachdisziplinen.

Ziel
Die Breite variabler Diagnosen und des Profils der chirurgischen Entscheidungsfindung mit weiterführenden chirurgischen Maßnahmen im Rahmen des allgemein- und viszeralchirurgischen Oberarztkonsils für medizinische Nachbardisziplinen wurde über einen definierten Beobachtungszeitraum an einer repräsentativen Patientenklientel analysiert.

Patienten und Methode
Über 10 Jahre (01.10.2006 bis 30.09.2016) wurden alle konsekutiven Patienten (n = 549 Fälle) im Rahmen einer klinisch-systematischen, prospektiven unizentrischen Observationsstudie an einem tertiären Zentrum in einer computerbasierten Patientendatei erfasst und hinsichtlich klinischem Befund‑, Diagnose- und therapeutischem Entscheidungsspektrum und ihrer signifikanten Einflussfaktoren sowie Geschlechts- und Altersunterschied als auch hinsichtlich zeitabhängiger Entwicklungstrends mittels χ2-Test und U-Test analysiert.

Ergebnisse (Eckpunkte)
Die dominierende Fachdisziplin der Konsilabforderung war die Kardiologie (19,9 %), gefolgt von anderen chirurgischen Fächern (11,8 %) und der Gastroenterologie (11,3 %). Das Diagnoseprofil wurde von Wundheilungsstörungen (7,1 %) und akutem Abdomen (7,1 %) bestimmt. Bei 11,7 % der Patienten wurde die unmittelbare Operationsindikation gestellt und bei 12,9 % wurde die Operation elektiv empfohlen. Die Übereinstimmungsrate von Verdachts- und definitiver Diagnose lag bei lediglich 58,4 %.

Schlussfolgerung
Die chirurgische Konsiltätigkeit ist ein wichtiges Standbein für die suffiziente und vor allem zeitgerechte Klärung chirurgisch relevanter Fragestellungen in fast jeder medizinischen Einrichtung, so vor allem auch in einem Zentrum. Sie dient i) der chirurgischen Qualitätssicherung bei der klinischen Mitbetreuung von Patienten mit interdisziplinärem, hier chirurgischem Versorgungsbedarf in der täglichen allgemein-/viszeralchirurgischen Praxis im Rahmen der klinischen Versorgungsforschung; ii) dem Klinikmarketing sowie monetären Aspekten im Sinne von Patientenrekrutierung (und) iii) nicht zuletzt der Notfallversorgung von Patienten. Aufgrund des hohen Anteils von 12 % folgenden Notfalloperationen nach gestellter allgemein-/viszeralchirurgischer Konsilanforderung sind diese zeitnah in der Dienstzeit abzuarbeiten.
Towards non-target proactive food safety: identification of active compounds in convenience tomato products by ten-dimensional hyphenation with integrated simulated gastrointestinal digestion
Authors: Schreiner Tamara , Eggerstorfer Naila M. , Morlock Gertrud E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCurrent strategies for non-target food screening focus mainly on known hazardous chemicals (adulterants, residues, contaminants, packaging migrants, etc.) instead of bioactive constituents in general and exclude the biological effect detection. To widen the perspective, a more proactive non-target effect-directed strategy is introduced to complement food safety in order to detect not only known but also unknown bioactive compounds. The developed 10-dimensional hyphenation included on-surface digestion (1D), planar chromatographic separation (2D), visualization using white light (3D), UV light (4D), fluorescence light (5D), effect-directed assay analysis (6D), heart-cut zone elution to an orthogonal reversed phase column chromatography including online desalting (7D) with subsequent diode array detection (8D), high-resolution mass spectrometry (9D), and fragmentation (10D). Metabolism, i.e., intestinal digestion of each sample, was simulated and integrated on the same adsorbent surface to study any changes in the compound profiles. As proof of principle, nine convenience tomato products and a freshly prepared tomato soup were screened via five different planar assays in a non-targeted mode. Non-digested and digested samples were compared side by side. In their effect-directed profiles, 14 bioactive compounds from classes of lipids, plant hormones, spices, and pesticides were identified. In particular, bioactive compounds coming from the lipid class were increased by gastrointestinal digestion, while spices and pesticides remained unaffected. With regard to food safety, the determination of the two dinitrophenol herbicides dinoterb and dinoseb in highly processed tomato products should be given special attention. The hyphenation covered a broad analyte spectrum and showed robust and reliable results.
Graphical Abstract
Pumice ingestion in seabirds: interannual variation, and relationships with chick growth and plastic ingestion
Authors: Lavers Jennifer L. , Bond Alexander L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMany species of seabird ingest or are provisioned with pumice stones, buoyant volcanic rocks that are thought to aide in digestion, occasionally during times of poor prey availability. Unlike other indigestible matter, like plastics, the effect of pumice on chick growth, its relationship with ingested plastics, and variation among years has not yet been examined. We analysed the amount of ingested pumice from 739 Flesh-footed (Ardenna carneipes) and 173 Wedge-tailed Shearwaters (A. pacifica) from Lord Howe Island, Australia sampled using stomach lavage between 2011 and 2022. The total mass of ingested pumice was positively related to the mass of ingested plastics in Flesh-footed, but not Wedge-tailed Shearwaters, but not when using mean stone mass. Pumice mass did not vary over time, except for one higher year for each species (2016 for Flesh-footed Shearwaters and 2014 for Wedge-tailed Shearwaters), and there was no effect of pumice mass on chick body size at fledgling. Our results are consistent with the coexistence over geological time of seabirds and floating pumice, and future work should focus on aspects of retention in the digestive system and potential interactions with and efficacy in the presence of novel materials, like plastics.
Applying molecular and genetic methods to trees and their fungal communities
Authors: Müller Markus , Kües Ursula , Budde Katharina B. , Gailing Oliver 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Forests provide invaluable economic, ecological, and social services. At the same time, they are exposed to several threats, such as fragmentation, changing climatic conditions, or increasingly destructive pests and pathogens. Trees, the inherent species of forests, cannot be viewed as isolated organisms. Manifold (micro)organisms are associated with trees playing a pivotal role in forest ecosystems. Of these organisms, fungi may have the greatest impact on the life of trees. A multitude of molecular and genetic methods are now available to investigate tree species and their associated organisms. Due to their smaller genome sizes compared to tree species, whole genomes of different fungi are routinely compared. Such studies have only recently started in forest tree species. Here, we summarize the application of molecular and genetic methods in forest conservation genetics, tree breeding, and association genetics as well as for the investigation of fungal communities and their interrelated ecological functions. These techniques provide valuable insights into the molecular basis of adaptive traits, the impacts of forest management, and changing environmental conditions on tree species and fungal communities and can enhance tree-breeding cycles due to reduced time for field testing. It becomes clear that there are multifaceted interactions among microbial species as well as between these organisms and trees. We demonstrate the versatility of the different approaches based on case studies on trees and fungi.

Key points
• Current knowledge of genetic methods applied to forest trees and associated fungi.
• Genomic methods are essential in conservation, breeding, management, and research.
• Important role of phytobiomes for trees and their ecosystems.
The emergence of a virus variant: dynamics of a competition model with cross-immunity time-delay validated by wastewater surveillance data for COVID-19
Authors: Pell Bruce , Brozak Samantha , Phan Tin , Wu Fuqing , Kuang Yang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe consider the dynamics of a virus spreading through a population that produces a mutant strain with the ability to infect individuals that were infected with the established strain. Temporary cross-immunity is included using a time delay, but is found to be a harmless delay. We provide some sufficient conditions that guarantee local and global asymptotic stability of the disease-free equilibrium and the two boundary equilibria when the two strains outcompete one another. It is shown that, due to the immune evasion of the emerging strain, the reproduction number of the emerging strain must be significantly lower than that of the established strain for the local stability of the established-strain-only boundary equilibrium. To analyze the unique coexistence equilibrium we apply a quasi steady-state argument to reduce the full model to a two-dimensional one that exhibits a global asymptotically stable established-strain-only equilibrium or global asymptotically stable coexistence equilibrium. Our results indicate that the basic reproduction numbers of both strains govern the overall dynamics, but in nontrivial ways due to the inclusion of cross-immunity. The model is applied to study the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in the presence of the Alpha variant using wastewater surveillance data from the Deer Island Treatment Plant in Massachusetts, USA.
Dual-energy CT kidney stone characterization—can diagnostic accuracy be achieved at low radiation dose?
Authors: Euler André , Wullschleger Sara , Sartoretti Thomas , Müller Daniel , Keller Etienne Xavier , Lavrek Dejan , Donati Olivio 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To assess the accuracy of low-dose dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) to differentiate uric acid from non-uric acid kidney stones in two generations of dual-source DECT with stone composition analysis as the reference standard.

Methods
Patients who received a low-dose unenhanced DECT for the detection or follow-up of urolithiasis and stone extraction with stone composition analysis between January 2020 and January 2022 were retrospectively included. Collected stones were characterized using X-ray diffraction. Size, volume, CT attenuation, and stone characterization were assessed using DECT post-processing software. Characterization as uric acid or non-uric acid stones was compared to stone composition analysis as the reference standard. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of stone classification were computed. Dose length product (DLP) and effective dose served as radiation dose estimates.

Results
A total of 227 stones in 203 patients were analyzed. Stone composition analysis identified 15 uric acid and 212 non-uric acid stones. Mean size and volume were 4.7 mm × 2.8 mm and 114 mm3, respectively. CT attenuation of uric acid stones was significantly lower as compared to non-uric acid stones (p < 0.001). Two hundred twenty-five of 227 kidney stones were correctly classified by DECT. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 1.0 (95%CI: 0.97, 1.00), 0.93 (95%CI: 0.68, 1.00), and 0.99 (95%CI: 0.97, 1.00), respectively. Eighty-two of 84 stones with a diameter of  ≤ 3 mm were correctly classified. Mean DLP was 162 ± 57 mGy*cm and effective dose was 2.43 ± 0.86 mSv.

Conclusions
Low-dose dual-source DECT demonstrated high accuracy to discriminate uric acid from non-uric acid stones even at small stone sizes.

Key Points
• Two hundred twenty-five of 227 stones were correctly classified as uric acid vs. non-uric acid stones by low-dose dual-energy CT with stone composition analysis as the reference standard.
• Pooled sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for stone characterization were 1.0, 0.93, and 0.99, respectively.
• Low-dose dual-energy CT for stone characterization was feasible in the majority of small stones  < 3 mm.
Surgical resection margin for T3–T4 primary acral melanoma: a multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sun Wei , Xu Yu , Qu XingLong , Jin YongJia , Wang ChunMeng , Yan WangJun , Chen Yong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines include clear recommendations for the appropriate resection margins in non-acral cutaneous melanoma, the required margin for acral melanoma is controversial. In this retrospective study, we aimed to investigate whether narrow-margin excision is warranted for thick acral melanoma. Records from 277 melanoma patients with stage T3–T4 disease who underwent radical surgery in three centers in China from September 2010 to October 2018 were reviewed. Clinicopathologic data, including age, gender, excision margin (1–2 cm versus ≥ 2 cm), Clark level, Breslow thickness, ulceration, N stage and adjuvant therapy, were included for survival analysis. The patients were followed up until death or March 31, 2021. Log-rank and Cox regression analyses were used to identify prognostic factors for overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and local and in-transit recurrence-free survival (LITRFS). Among all enrolled patients, 207 (74.7%) had acral melanoma, and 70 (25.3%) had non-acral cutaneous melanoma. No significant difference in baseline characteristics was identified between non-acral and acral melanoma, except for age (p = 0.004), gender (p = 0.009) and ulceration (p = 0.048). In non-acral melanoma, a resection margin of 1–2 cm was a poor independent prognostic factor for OS [p = 0.015; hazard ratio (HR) (95% CI), 0.26 (0.009–0.77)] and LITRFS [p = 0.013; HR (95% CI), 0.19 (0.05–0.71)] but not for DFS [p = 0.143; HR (95% CI), 0.51 (0.21–1.25)]. Forty-three (20.8%) patients in the acral melanoma group had a 1–2-cm resection margin. The resection margin was not correlated with patients’ OS (p = 0.196 by log-rank analysis, p = 0.865 by multivariate survival analysis), DFS (p = 0.080 by log-rank analysis, p = 0.758 by multivariate survival analysis) or LITRFS (p = 0.354 by log-rank analysis) in acral melanoma. As recommended in the NCCN guidelines, a resection margin ≥ 2 cm is required for non-acral cutaneous melanoma. Meanwhile, a narrow resection margin (1–2 cm) may be safe for patients with acral melanoma.
Conventional methods to prescribe exercise intensity are ineffective for exhaustive interval training
Authors: Bossi Arthur Henrique , Cole Diana , Passfield Louis , Hopker James 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To compare methods of relative intensity prescription for their ability to normalise performance (i.e., time to exhaustion), physiological, and perceptual responses to high-intensity interval training (HIIT) between individuals.

Methods
Sixteen male and two female cyclists (age: 38 ± 11 years, height: 177 ± 7 cm, body mass: 71.6 ± 7.9 kg, maximal oxygen uptake ($$ \dot{\text{V}} $$

V
˙

O2max): 54.3 ± 8.9 ml·kg−1 min−1) initially undertook an incremental test to exhaustion, a 3 min all-out test, and a 20 min time-trial to determine prescription benchmarks. Then, four HIIT sessions (4 min on, 2 min off) were each performed to exhaustion at: the work rate associated with the gas exchange threshold ($$ \dot{\text{W}} $$

W
˙

GET) plus 70% of the difference between $$ \dot{\text{W}} $$

W
˙

GET and the work rate associated with $$ \dot{\text{V}} $$

V
˙

O2max; 85% of the maximal work rate of the incremental test (85%$$ \dot{\text{W}} $$

W
˙

max); 120% of the mean work rate of the 20 min time-trial (120%TT); and the work rate predicted to expend, in 4 min, 80% of the work capacity above critical power. Acute HIIT responses were modelled with participant as a random effect to provide estimates of inter-individual variability.

Results
For all dependent variables, the magnitude of inter-individual variability was high, and confidence intervals overlapped substantially, indicating that the relative intensity normalisation methods were similarly poor. Inter-individual coefficients of variation for time to exhaustion varied from 44.2% (85%$$ \dot{\text{W}} $$

W
˙

max) to 59.1% (120%TT), making it difficult to predict acute HIIT responses for an individual.

Conclusion
The present study suggests that the methods of intensity prescription investigated do not normalise acute responses to HIIT between individuals.
A spectral problem for the Laplacian in joined thin films
Authors: Gaudiello Antonio , Gómez Delfina , Pérez-Martínez Maria-Eugenia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe consider a 3d multi-structure composed of two joined perpendicular thin films: a vertical one with small thickness $$h^a_n$$

h
n
a

and a horizontal one with small thickness $$h^b_n$$

h
n
b

. We study the asymptotic behavior, as $$h^a_n$$

h
n
a

and $$h^b_n$$

h
n
b

tend to zero, of an eigenvalue problem for the Laplacian defined on this multi-structure. We shall prove that the limit problem depends on the value $$q=\displaystyle {\lim _n\dfrac{h^b_n}{h^a_n}.}$$

q
=

lim
n

h
n
b

h
n
a

.

Precisely, we pinpoint three different limit regimes according to q belonging to $$]0,+\infty [$$

]
0
,
+
∞
[

, q equal to $$+\infty $$

+
∞

, or q equal to 0. We identify the limit problems and we also obtain $$H^1$$

H
1

-strong convergence results.
Higher tax and less work: reverse “Keep up with the Joneses” and rising inequality
Authors: FitzRoy Felix , Jin Jim , Nolan Michael 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTo counteract excessive effort due to relative income comparison among identical agents, the literature suggests a tax response equal to the negative externality. Assuming a general income distribution, we show that an optimal tax must be higher under a general social welfare function, to not only reduce inefficiency but also inequality. We recommend a practical tax response to stronger comparison – to hold employment constant, which does not require unrealistic information including unobservable comparison. Surprisingly, the tax response will dominate the comparison effect and reduce labour supply or reverse “keeping up with the Joneses” on intensive margins, and also reverse the otherwise rising inequality.
A camera trapping method for the targeted capture of Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber) tails for individual scale pattern recognition
Authors: Dytkowicz Margarete , Hinds Rachel , Megill William M. , Buttschardt Tillmann K. , Rosell Frank 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Camera traps are commonly used to monitor and study wild animals in their natural habitat, with minimal disturbance. Several investigations have shown that the natural markings of animals for some species can be used for individual recognition. However, most commercially available cameras are unable to obtain photos of sufficient quality to highlight these features. Our study further exemplifies the use of applying an external lens to a camera, to obtain higher quality images. We tested various lenses and their ability to record the scale patterns on Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber) tails, for individual identification. We tested eleven different commercially available camera trap models, across six different beaver territories in the Districts of Kleve and Wesel (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany). The use of an external lens, attached to the camera, produced the best quality pictures for reliable identification of individual beavers based on the scale patterns on their tales. These results further exemplify the application of external lenses for improving image quality for individual recognition which has potential applications for other species.
Representation Stability and Finite Orthogonal Groups
Authors: Kannan Arun S. , Wang Zifan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we prove homological stability results about orthogonal groups over finite commutative rings where 2 is a unit. Inspired by Putman and Sam (2017), we construct a category OrI(R) and prove a local Noetherianity theorem for the category of OrI(R)-modules. This implies an asymptotic structure theorem for orthogonal groups. In addition, we show general homological stability theorems for orthogonal groups, with both untwisted and twisted coefficients.