bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE EVALUATION OF NEONATAL SEPSIS DIAGNOSIS USING INTERLEUKINS
Authors: Adrianne Samantha 
Published: June 2023

Aim: This study aims to summarize and evaluate the diagnostic potential and accuracy of interleukins (ILs) level as a diagnostic marker for neonatal sepsis.
Methods: A systematic search strategy was conducted across several electronic reference databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar) and included articles published between 2019–2023. Duplicate publications, review articles, and incomplete articles were excluded.
Results: Database searches identified a total of 19553 articles. Of these, 100 articles passed the screening process, resulting in 20 articles for full-text assessment. Among them, 11 articles did not evaluate the outcome of interest. Hence, we found 9 appropriate studies included. The ILs reported include IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, and IL-27, with the most common reported was IL-6.
Conclusion: Current evidences supports the potential predictive utility of ILs level, especially IL-6, as a potential diagnostic marker for detecting neonatal sepsis. To determine the precise predictive efficacy of the marker, well-designed prospective studies had to be conducted due to the methodological variability and variation of the implemented thresholds.
الدراسة الوصفية في كتاب المجموع شرح المهذب للإمام النووي
Authors: Hussin Md Noor 
Published: June 2023

كتاب المجموع شرح المهذب من أهم مؤلفات الإمام النووي في الفقه. وقد بذل الإمام جهداً كبيراً في هذا التأليف، حتى انتقل إلى جوار ربه قبل أن يتم التأليف. وقد أصبح الكتاب مرجعاً مهماً في الأحكام الشرعية. وهذا الكتاب القيّم لا يناقش مسائل الأحكام الشرعية فقط، بل يشير أيضاً إلى العلوم الأخرى تتعلق بها، ومن ضمنها اللغة العربية. ولذلك، تهدف المقالة إلى دراسة هذا الكتاب دراسة وصفية، وتتناول منهج الإمام في الكتاب، ومحتوياته، كما تركز المقالة على مصادره اللغوية والنحوية. وتدل المقالة على مكانة الكتاب الراقية كما تشير أيضاً إلى كثرة ورود المصادر اللغوية فيه إضافة على المصادر الأخرى.
POLITENESS STRATEGIES PERFORMED IN PIERS MORGAN AND DONALD TRUMP INTERVIEW
Authors: Martisa Ela , Asraf Asraf , Aso La 
Published: June 2023

This research aims to describe politeness strategies performed by Piers Morgan and Donald Trump in an interview held on the 25th of January 2018 at the World Economy Forum in Davos, Switzerland. It is used the theory of politeness strategies proposed by Brown and Levinson (1987). This research employs a descriptive qualitative method by taking the transcription of the interview. The data analysis reported that the participants of the interview employed positive and negative politeness strategies to save one another’s faces. The result of the research shows that the participants of the interview attempt to decrease and keep the social distance between them through positive and negative politeness strategies. As a journalist, Piers Morgan tries to handle the conversation to run smoothly. He employs more negative politeness strategies than Donald Trump who has higher social status as the President of the USA. In this event, powerless participants need to be more polite than powerful participants.
Decline in Separate Incision Autograft for Spine Surgery Over the Past Decade: A Fading “gold standard”
Authors: Rudisill Katelyn E. , Ratnasamy Philip P. , Maloy Gwyneth C. , Grauer Jonathan N. 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Spinal fusion is a common procedure for which bone grafting is a critical component. Although iliac crest (separate incision autograft) is typically referred to as the “gold standard” grafting material, it seems to be used less and less frequently.

Methods:
The 2010 to Q3 2020 MSpine PearlDiver data set was used to identify patients receiving separate incision autograft versus local autograft/allograft/graft supplement for spinal fusion. Grafting trends over the decade were determined. Patient age, sex, Elixhauser Comorbidity Index, smoking status, insurance plan, region of the country where the surgery was conducted, and surgeon specialty were characterized and compared by the type of bone graft using univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results:
Of 373,569 spinal bone grafting procedures, separate incision autografts were used for 32,401 (8.67%). A gradual decline was observed from 2010 (10.57% of spinal grafting procedures) to 2020 (4.69%, P-value < 0.00001). Independent predictors of having had a separate incision autograft in order of decreasing odds included surgeon specialty (relative to neurosurgery, orthopaedic odds ratio [OR], 2.45), smoking status (relative to nonsmokers, smokers OR, 1.45), region of the country (relative to Midwest, Northeast OR, 1.11; West OR, 1.42; and South OR, 1.48), insurance (relative to commercial, Medicare OR, 1.14), younger age (OR, 1.04 per decade increase), and lower Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (OR, 0.95 per two-point increase) (P < 0.0001 for each).

Conclusion:
Iliac crest autograft continues to be referred to as the gold standard grafting material for spine fusions. However, the use of this has faded over the past decade to only 4.69% of spinal fusions in 2020. While some patient factors had an effect on when separate incision autograft was used, nonsurgical factors, including surgeon specialty, geographic region where the surgery was conducted, and insurance factors, suggested that external factors/physician training influence this choice.
THE POSSIBILITY OF USING RICE FLOUR FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FUNCTIONAL MEAT PRODUCTS
Authors: Tumenova G. T. , Myktabayeva M. S. 
Published: June 2023

One of the ways to improve the quality of products and improve the nutrition structure of the population is the introduction of new non-traditional types of plant raw materials into the diet. The created products must contain a balanced complex of proteins, lipids, minerals, vitamins, ballast substances and have high nutritional and taste properties. In Kazakhstan, the possibility of using grain crops as part of meat products is becoming particularly relevant due to their high nutritional value and specific functional and technological properties (FTP).One of the most popular in the world and the second crop in terms of grain production is rice. Rice grains have high FCS and are a dietary product: the protein and fat content in them is much lower than in wheat, rye, buckwheat, corn or soy. Rice protein has a good balance of amino acid composition. Rice grain contains high-grade protein and has a high ability to swell. Rice flour also has a neutral taste, and there is also no fat (unlike soy flour and soy isolate), which allows meat products to retain their characteristic taste after heat treatment. A distinctive feature of rice flour is that it refers to starch-containing (about 80%) raw materials that lack gluten. In this article, its chemical composition and functional and technological properties were studied, the results of the study of samples with different rice flour content were shown. Conclusions on the research work are made.
Toplumsal ve Kültürel Boyutlarıyla Göç Olgusuna Panoramik Bir Bakış
Authors: BAL Ali Asker 
Published: June 2023

20. Yüzyılda yaşanan büyük toplumsal değişim ve dönüşümler göç olgusunu başat bir sorun olarak insanlığın gündemine eklemiştir. Günümüzde ise göç önemli bir gerçeklik olarak tüm dünya ülkelerinin başlıca sorunu haline gelmiştir. Göçün özneleri haline gelen devletler kısıtlama ve yasaklamalarla bu soruna geçici çözümler getirmeye çalışmaktadırlar. Göç olgusunu neden ve sonuç ilişkisi içinde ele alan sanatçılar, aydınlar ve aktivistler ise bu sorunu daha insani çerçevede çözüm üretmenin yeni yollarını bulmaya odaklanmaktadırlar.
Araştırma, göç olgusunu panoramik inceleme yöntemiyle ele alarak, genel bir bakış ortaya koymaya çalışacaktır. İnceleme konusunun güncelliği ve sanatsal boyutları kavranmaya çalışıldığı için sınırlar ve kaynaklar belirsiz ve sınırsız olabilmektedir. Bu nedenle incelemede nitel araştırma desenlerinden durum çalışması kullanılmıştır. Göç olgusu hakkında var olan literatür eleştirel olarak incelenerek, olgunun genel bir haritalaması yapılmıştır.
Araştırma, göç olgusunun mitolojik kaynaklarından başlayarak, tarihsel süreç içerindeki sanatsal izdüşümlerini bulgulamaya çalışmaktadır. Görsel temsil öğelerinden olan öykü, sinema, yazın ve özellikle resim alanında göç konusunda öne çıkan eserler çözümlenecektir. Göçün görsel izdüşümleri incelerken de olgunun sosyolojik ve psikolojik sonuçları tartışmaya açılmaktadır. Araştırma, kronolojik bir perspektiften hareketle, geçmişten günümüze değin göçlerin sanatsal üretim aracılığıyla nasıl dönüşümler geçirdiğinin panoramasını vermeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Pharmaceutical and Medical Device Resilience: Implementation of Emergency Use Authorization in Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices During the Covid-19 Pandemic: a Literature Review
Authors: Safitri Nurul , Ayuningtyas Dumilah 
Published: June 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an urgent need for pharmaceuticals and medical devices used for testing, treatment, and prevention. The policy of issuing an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for COVID-19 handling products is carried out to fulfill these needs. This study aims to describe and analyze how the EUA mechanism can be used as resilience during the pandemic. The study used Pubmed and ScienceDirect databases to search all articles using inclusion and exclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria were articles in English and Indonesian, national and international research articles covering the application of the EUA, searches limited to the last 3 years, and articles not limited to one study design. The exclusion criteria were articles not available in full text and topics unrelated to EUA in pharmaceuticals and medical devices. A total of 1,009 articles were identified using the keywords “Emergency Use Authorization”, “drug or medical device”, “COVID-19”. Finally, 11 articles that met the criteria were analyzed. The EUA approval for pharmaceuticals and medical devices is a form of resilience in the face of a pandemic and is an effective way to meet increasing needs while looking at clinical evidence and evidence of use in the field. The ability and experience in implementing the EUA can be a guide for learning in dealing with pandemics in the future.
"Epigenetic Alterations: Epigenetics in Health and Disease. Impact of Deniplant Tea"
Authors:   Deniplant-Aide Sante Medical Center, Biomedicine, Bucharest, Romania, GIURGIU Gheorghe , COJOCARU Manole ,   Titu Maiorescu University, Faculty of Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
Published: June 2023

Background Conditions such as cancers, metabolic disorders, psoriasis, and degenerative disorders have been found to be related to epigenetic alterations. Diet is one of the more easily studied, and therefore better understood, environmental factors in epigenetic change. Thus, an enhanced understanding of how epigenetic mechanisms modulate gene expression and how nutrition can optimize healthy epigenetic patterns can positively influence human health. The aim of the present project is to investigate whether a dietary intervention could ameliorate the clinical manifestations and modulate the epigenetic error in psoriatic disease. Materials and methods Nutrients could interact with the epigenome to "protect or boost cognitive processes across the lifespan". As we better understand the connections between diet and the epigenome, the opportunity arises for clinical applications in psoriasis. Results Recent studies have shown positive results for epigenetic-based therapies for psoriasis, which may be a field of increased focus in the coming years in search of better treatments. Deniplant tea can restore epigenetic alterations, resulting in amelioration or prevention of psoriasis and other systemic disease phenotypes, possibly also as a genetic modulator (CARD14 gene). The authors made EGO-Deniplant an online program for food control, modulating symptoms in psoriasis. Conclusion Epigenetic alterations have given insight into the understanding of the pathophysiology of psoriatic disease.
Trafficking in Human Beings and Sexual Trafficking of Children as a Form of it
Authors: Mustafa Behri Ingrida , Spiro Lira 
Published: June 2023

Research on human trafficking has attracted increasing attention since the early 1980s and is extremely important as it highlights the problems and through it identifies the appropriate ways that can provide solutions. The object of this paper is the treatment of trafficking in human beings and in particular will focus on the sexual trafficking of minors. This topic is very current not only in Albania but also in the international arena (due to it’s nature) and requires the commitment of all states and international organizations to combat human trafficking and protect victims of trafficking as part of the field of human rights. Therefore, this topic is covered in section I of this conference. The research questions of this paper are: what does trafficking in human beings involve, what are the needs of the victims, what is the exploitation and sexual abuse of children, what are the consequences that trafficking leaves on children and why children are recruited. Numerous studies and studies have concluded that trafficking represents "a denial of the individual's rights to freedom, integrity, security and freedom of movement" Victims of human trafficking need, among other things, emotional support , family, health care and especially for reintegration into society. On the other hand, child sexual exploitation is a form of human trafficking and consists of adult sexual abuse and monetary or in-kind reward for the child or a third person or persons. and it is precisely the commercial element that separates sexual exploitation from other sexual crimes.Juveniles are recruited more easily because small victims are the most optimal, useful and lower cost, they are easy to be guided by traffickers and slave owners and to adapt to the new situation. Current studies show that some effects of Sex trafficking is sexually transmitted diseases, diseases and other infections, physical harm, substance abuse and malnutrition.

Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 18 May 2023 / Published: 20 May 2023
Political Culture as a Determinant Factor in the Performance of the Public Sector in Albania
Authors: Sadiku Blerina , Velcani Majlinda 
Published: June 2023

The successful implementation of reforms in public institutions is crucial for a country’s progress. The achievement of these reforms always depends on various factors. One of the most important ones to be considered while evaluating the fulfillment of a reform is culture and mainly the political culture. Culture itself is a wide concept, yet, authors have tried to give several definitions to it. Nowadays, several authors are trying to connect the concept of culture to the nations’ “performance” in fields like economy, public sector etc. Reforms in the public institutions are mainly needed in those countries that experience transitional political regimes. Albania has changed its political regime since the early 90s, however the reforms on its public insitutions have been quite slow, even though some obvious progress has been made in the 30 years after the fall of communism. Therefore, this study aims to focus in the role of the political culture of the Albanian society in the performance of the public sector in this country. This study will analyze the concept of political culture by focusing in the characteristics of individual vs collevtist societies and the society’s attitude towards politics and governance, therefore the political culture concept will be used to explain the behavior of the Albanian society towards the “efficiency and effectiveness” of its public institutions.

Received: 4 June 2021 / Accepted: 10 July 2021 / Published: 15 July 2021
Adolescence in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Challenges Encountered
Authors: Teliti Adisa , Resulaj Liljana 
Published: June 2023

Adolescence and puberty are the most important stage in an individual's transition from childhood to the world of an adult. The changes he goes through are radical and significant for what he knows about himself and introduces to others. Physical, psychological and social changes characterize and accompany adolescents throughout this journey. The way each of them copes with these changes is different based on personal characteristics as well as gender and cultural ones. But mostly on the basis of the presence of a possible disorder such as autism. As a stage that is present during a lifetime period in every person without exception, the ones with ASD go through a serie of challenges and difficulties that need to be focused on during this process.

Received: 28 December 2021 / Accepted: 25 February 2022 / Published: 20 March 2022
Inclusive Education a Must for Every Teacher
Authors: Agasi Kleada 
Published: June 2023

Teaching in this century has changed completely. Years before pupils have been divided, pupils with disabilities were part of schools for the disabled and normal pupils were part of normal schools. Nowadays some changes have happened, pupils with autism have become part of normal schools. Considering this fact teachers should be more prepared to help them in different things. In our days teachers are being trained to cope with different situations and problems but inclusive education is what they should focus on now more than ever.

Received: 16 January 2022 / Accepted: 23 March 2022 / Published: 30 March 2022
Fostering Security in Albania and the Eu’s Role in the Security Sector Reform
Authors: Tepelena Ikbale 
Published: June 2023

In today’s world of complex and interdependent security challenges within and across borders, national security sectors need to adapt to fast-changing and unpredictable environments. Experience shows that an accountable, effective and inclusive security sector with full respect for human rights, including gender equality and the rule of law can effectively provide security to a State and its people, while at the same time promoting stability, trust and confidence in the OSCE area and beyond . It is important to first define what we mean by the security sector and security sector reform. The security sector is taken to mean all those organisations which have authority to use, or order the use of force, or threat of force, to protect the state and its citizens, as well as those civil structures that are responsible for their management and oversight. The security sector can therefore be viewed as forming three pillars: a) Groups with a mandate to wield the instruments of violence – military, paramilitaries and police forces; b) Institutions with a role in managing and monitoring the security sector – civilian ministries, parliaments and NGOs; and c) Bodies responsible for guaranteeing the rule of law – the judiciary, the penal system, human rights ombudsmen and, where these bodies are particularly weak, the international community . The overall aim of ‘Security Sector Reform’ is the transformation of security institutions so that they play an effective, legitimate and democratically accountable role in providing external and internal security for their citizens. Transformation of the security sector requires broad consultation and includes goals such as strengthening civilian control and oversight of the security sector; professionalisation of the security forces; demilitarisation and peace-building; and strengthening the rule of law . Security sector reform addresses security problems and tries to improve the situation through institutional reforms. Security and peace are seen as a public good. Society as a whole, as well as its individual members, benefits from an increase in security. Security sector reform must be understood as a broad concept, which also entails a more efficient use of scarce resources to improve security. It seeks to align the contributions of military, diplomatic, development and security actors. Democratic, civilian control over security forces is crucial for the provision of security in the interests of the population. Democratic decision-making requires transparency and accountability. Security sector reform is widely recognised as key to conflict prevention, peace-building, sustainable development and democratisation. Almost all states need to reform their security sectors to a greater or lesser extent, according to the specific security, political and socio-economic contexts, as well as in response to the new security challenges resulting from globalization.

Received: 15 September 2022 / Accepted: 24 October 2022 / Published: 30 November 2022
The Italian Navy Shipwrecks as the Witnesses of Vlora Bay Strategic Position
Authors: Meçollari Artur 
Published: June 2023

Bay of Vlora, a bay of 315 sq. km, is the resting area of 806 Italian sailors and soldiers. It is also the resting area of nine Italian warships which sank in WWI and WWII. It is the location of the only island of Albania, Sazan Island. As one of the most strategic locations, Vlora Bay and Sazan Island in the last 170 year have been under the control of different naval powers, mainly by Italy. Italy started to have a strategic interest in the Bay of Vlora after its unification in the mid-19th Century due to its ambition as a regional naval power. The underwater Italian fleet in Vlora Bay and surrounding area shows its importance to the Italian maritime strategy, during and between two world wars and later. More than 100 years ago, US Admiral Alfred T. Mahan wrote “the Sea line of communication determines the war at sea”. The geography isimportantto the sea lines of communication, especially chokepoints and safe bays,which are of constant importance throughout history. Otranto Channel is a very important chokepoint which controls the “Adriatic Highway”, Adriatic sea line of communication used by coastal states up to Central and Northern European Countries. Bay of Vlora geographically represents a big bay and all year one. Its importance is empowered by the fact that it’s located next to Otranto Channel and capable of safely hosting and rapidly deploying large naval forces up to the Central Mediterranean and points beyond. This paper, through historical perspective and underwater cultural heritage, aims to prove the importance of Vlora Bay and surrounding maritime area to the Italian Naval Strategy in two world wars periods and beyond.

Received: 19 September 2022 / Accepted: 29 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022
Rheumatoid Arthritis and Pain Management: Literature Review
Authors: Skuqi Evis , Kola Sh. M. Sandër , Kola Irena 
Published: June 2023

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, immune-mediated, systemic inflammatory disease of the synovial joints that influences approximately 0.5-1% of the population global. Degrees of RA vary in different patients and are assessed according to intensity, pain, and disability in daily life. Purpose: The purpose of this literature review is to review RA pain, and mediators primarily cytokines, inflammation mediators, and various RA mechanisms. Method: This is a descriptive review. Relevant literature was identified by searching PubMed using key search terms, including arthritis, cytokines, cytokine signaling, inflammation, Janus kinases, pain, mechanisms, rheumatoid arthritis. Results: Several cytokines that target the treatment of RA, such as TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6, have been well characterized in the pathogenesis of RA and associated pain through autoimmunity promotion, chronic inflammatory synovitis, and destruction of adjacent joint tissue. The range of epigenetic and other mechanisms by which such variants could disrupt cytokine homeostasis to increase disease risk is only beginning to be understood, along with the recognition that in relevant disease contexts they are best dissected at the cellular level. Another descriptive review talks about the role of the central nervous system. Many studies have explored the mechanisms of CNS pain in fibromyalgia and research on CNS pain mechanisms in osteoarthritis is growing. Conclusions: We conclude that there are different pathways to explain pain in rheumatoid arthritis.

Received: 9 September 2022 / Accepted: 22 November 2022 / Published: 20 December 2022