bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negotiating good motherhood: Foodwork, emotion work, and downscaling
Authors: Fielding‐Singh Priya , Cooper Marianne 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined how lower‐income mothers engage in emotion work in order to feel like good mothers within broader contexts of stigmatization, economic insecurity, and precarity.BackgroundDespite the pervasiveness of the intensive mothering ideology, research shows that lower‐income mothers in the United States also routinely diverge from the ideology's norms due to structural and cultural factors. In doing so, these mothers simultaneously work to reframe and negotiate what it means to be a good mother. While scholarship reveals how mothers cognitively and behaviorally carry out this work, less attention has been paid to how mothers perform this work on an emotional level.MethodDrawing on in‐depth interviews with 33 lower‐income mothers in the San Francisco Bay Area, this study investigated, through the lens of maternal foodwork, how mothers work on their emotions to feel like good mothers. Data were analyzed abductively.ResultsMothers worked on their emotions as part of an effort to negotiate what good mothering looks like and to feel like good mothers as they performed maternal foodwork. To do so, mothers engaged in the gendered and classed emotion work strategy of downscaling. Downscaling involved working to inhibit negative emotions and evoke positive ones. Downscaling was facilitated by three key approaches: reflecting on harder times, redefining good foodwork, and leveraging social comparison.ConclusionDownscaling serves as a rational, effective emotion work strategy to help mothers navigate ongoing hardships, cultivate a positive maternal identity, and feel like good mothers within contexts of stigmatization, economic insecurity, and precarity.
Atopic outcomes at 2 years in the CORAL cohort, born in COVID‐19 lockdown
Authors: Hurley Sadhbh , Franklin Ruth , McCallion Naomi , Byrne Aideen M. , Fitzsimons John , White Martin , O'Mahony Liam , Hourihane Jonathan O'B. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe CORAL study is a cohort of infants born during the first weeks of the first SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID‐19) lockdown. This cohort has had lower antibiotic exposure, higher breastfeeding rates and lower infection rates, especially in the first year of life. We hypothesized that the altered early‐life environment of infants born during lockdown would change the incidence of allergic conditions.MethodsThis longitudinal, observational study followed 365 infants born between March and May 2020 from enrolment to the age of 2 years. Infants attended three research appointments at 6‐, 12‐, and 24‐months and completed detailed questionnaires. At research appointments, children had skin prick testing, and atopic dermatitis (AD) assessment. Statistical analysis focused on changes within the group at different time points, the influence of specific environmental factors on allergic risk and compared the incidence of atopic conditions with a pre‐pandemic Irish infant cohort, BASELINE.ResultsAD was more common in CORAL group at both 12 (26.5% vs. 15.5%; p < .001) and 24 months (21.3% vs. 15.9%; p = .02) compared with pre‐pandemic BASELINE cohort. Within the CORAL group, those with AD at both 12‐ and 24‐month appointments had a more severe AD phenotype associated with a higher risk of allergic sensitization. There was less milk (0% vs. 1%; p = .09), peanut (0.6% vs. 1.8%; p = .3), and egg allergy (0% vs. 2.9%; p < .001) in the CORAL group at 24 months compared with the BASELINE cohort. Aeroallergen sensitization increased between 12 and 24 months in the CORAL cohort (1.5% vs. 8.9%; p < .001), as did parent‐reported wheezing episodes (9% vs. 24%; p < .001).ConclusionsDespite higher AD incidence in the CORAL cohort, the incidence of food sensitization and allergy are lower than expected pre‐pandemic rates possibly reflecting the early introduction and maintenance of dietary allergens enhanced by changes in infant infections, antibiotic use, and breastfeeding in the first 2 years of life in the group. These beneficial effects of the lockdown could be outweighing the expected risk of less early‐life microbial encounters outlined by the hygiene hypothesis.
Optimized leaf storage and photosynthetic nitrogen trade‐off promote synergistic increases in photosynthetic rate and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency
Authors: Hu Wenshi , Zhao Manli , Zhang Shanshan , Li Yinshui , Dai Jing , Gu Chiming , Li Xiaoyong , Yang Lu , Qin Lu , Liao Xing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA coordinated increase in the photosynthetic rate (A) and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) is an effective strategy for improving crop yield and nitrogen (N) utilization efficiency. PNUE tends to decrease with increasing N levels, but there are natural variations. Consequently, leaf functional N partitioning in Brassica napus genotypes under different N rates was measured to explore the optimized N allocation model for synchronously increasing A and PNUE values. The results showed that genotypes whose PNUE increased with increasing N supply (PNUE‐I) produced an approximate A value with a relatively low leaf N content, owing to reduced storage N (Nstore) and close photosynthetic N (Npsn) content. Partial least squares path modeling showed that A was dominated by the Npsn content, and PNUE was directly influenced by A and Nstore. The A value increased with the Npsn content until the Npsn content exceeded the threshold value. The boundary line of PNUE varied with the Npsn and Nstore proportions, indicating that the optimum Npsn and Nstore proportions were 51.6% and 40.3%, respectively. The Nstore proportion of PNUE‐I was closer to the thresholds and benefited from lower increments in Rubisco content and nonprotein form storage N content with improved N supply. Optimized Nstore and Npsn trade‐off by regulating increments in Nstore content with increased N supply, thereby promoting coordinated increases in A and PNUE.
Clearing the fog: Forest Stewardship Council labelling and the World Trade Organization
Authors: Du Ming 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article aims to clarify three long‐standing puzzles concerning the place of private standards in the World Trade Organization (WTO) through the lens of FSC labelling. The first question is whether the FSC label falls within the regulatory scope of the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Agreement). The second question is the extent of WTO member States’ obligations under the TBT Agreement if the FSC is an active standardizing body in their territories. The third question asks whether the FSC standard may qualify as an ‘international standard’ as defined in the TBT Agreement and thus may exert quasi‐legislative effects on WTO members’ national forest conservation laws and regulations. A detailed case study of the relationship between the FSC labelling and the TBT Agreement shows that the answers to these questions are much more nuanced than the existing scholarship suggests.
Conservation agreements and environmental governance: The role of nongovernmental actors
Authors: Boonrueang Surasak , Reid Colin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article explores how conservation agreements can be used to examine the trend towards environmental governance by multiple players, where nongovernmental bodies play a part in environmental regulation. The laws authorizing the creation of a conservation agreement in three jurisdictions, namely New South Wales (Australia), Scotland (United Kingdom) and Maine (United States), move away from regulation by government, where governmental bodies play the pivotal role in environmental governance, towards governance by multiple players. This article illustrates how the different legal features regarding who can create, oversee and enforce a conservation agreement reflect different styles and levels of engagement in environmental regulation. The Australian law represents a model of nature conservation heavily relying on governmental regulation. This is different from the United States model, where nongovernmental bodies play a significant role in the burgeoning use of conservation agreements. The Scottish model is placed somewhere between those in that while it confers the primary role on specified governmental bodies, some nongovernmental conservation bodies can in some circumstances be designated to fulfil the same function. The different levels of participation by governmental and nongovernmental bodies discussed in this article reveal strengths and weaknesses in involving different ranges of actors in environmental governance and point to lessons as other jurisdictions consider embracing conservation agreements to support their conservation policy.
A Markov chain model to investigate the spread of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria in hospitals
Authors: Chalub Fabio A. C. C. , Gómez‐Corral Antonio , López‐García Martín , Palacios‐Rodríguez Fátima 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOrdinary differential equation models used in mathematical epidemiology assume explicitly or implicitly large populations. For the study of infections in a hospital, this is an extremely restrictive assumption as typically a hospital ward has a few dozen, or even fewer, patients. This work reframes a well‐known model used in the study of the spread of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria in hospitals, to consider the pathogen transmission dynamics in small populations. In this vein, this paper proposes a Markov chain model to describe the spread of a single bacterial species in a hospital ward where patients may be free of bacteria or may carry bacterial strains that are either sensitive or resistant to antimicrobial agents. We determine the probability law of theexactreproduction number , which is here defined as the random number of secondary infections generated by those patients who are accommodated in a predetermined bed before a patient who is free of bacteria is accommodated in this bed for the first time. Specifically, we decompose the exact reproduction number into two contributions allowing us to distinguish between infections due to the sensitive and the resistant bacterial strains. Our methodology is mainly based on structured Markov chains and the use of related matrix‐analytic methods. This guarantees the compatibility of the new, finite‐population model, with large population models present in the literature and takes full advantage, in its mathematical analysis, of the intrinsic stochasticity.
Planes in Z4$\mathbb {Z}^4$ and Eisenstein series
Authors: Chinta Gautam , Júnior Valdir Pereira 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe study the number of two‐dimensional sublattices of of a fixed covolume and construct the associated Dirichlet series. The latter is shown to be related to Eisenstein series on both and its metaplectic double cover.
Constitutive Model-Based Efficient Creep-Fatigue Damage Computation Technique for Steam Turbine Rotors to Enhance Flexible Operational Capabilities
Authors: Sen Suvadeep , Almstedt Henning 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In the new era of renewable energy, flexible operation of conventional power plants is inevitable, causing high creep-fatigue life consumption. Conventional life assessment methods are deemed to be conservative to address the current requirements. The use of unified constitutive models for the analysis of damage evolution in steam turbine rotors in the past decade has shown promising results and is closely related to experimental data. However, identification of large number of material constants and high computational time hinder the widespread use of such models. In this paper, the latter is addressed using a novel representative input cycle (RIC) concept together with the noniterative asymptotic numerical method (ANM). Various startup shutdown sequences of a typical steam turbine rotor are studied using a unified constitutive model based on Chaboche's kinematic hardening including the damage parameter, Chaboche–Rousselier's isotropic hardening model including the damage parameter, Norton's viscoplastic flow model, Lemaitre's damage potential function and Kachanov–Rabotnov's creep damage law. First, a conventional finite element method (FEM) technique is used and then the proposed RIC method is used to study the evolution of inelastic variables. The reduction in computational time and the compromise in accuracy using the proposed method are studied.
Effect of Centrifugal Force of Gas Film on the Load Capacity of Thrust Gas Bearing
Authors: Kim Daejong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A modified Reynolds equation including centrifugal force of gas film was derived, and it was used to study the effect of gas film centrifugal force and associated streamline on the load capacity of both rigid and foil thrust bearings operating in hydrodynamic and hybrid modes. The thrust bearings have six pads with an outer diameter of 82 mm and an inner diameter of 47 mm with typical aper-flat geometry. The setup for the simulations is a single-acting air thrust bearing operating at various ambient pressures and isothermal temperature. Air was chosen for the gas film for the investigations, but the modified Reynolds equation can handle any general gas films through nondimensional parameter governing the centrifugal force. The simulations were performed with varying ambient pressure from 1 to 9 bar. The simulation results at different ambient pressures and temperatures are presented in forms of pressure profiles, streamlines, and bearing's load capacity. The bearings' load capacity becomes worse when the centrifugal force is considered at very low temperature, and the reduction of the load capacity grows more noticeable with the increase of the ambient pressure and the decrease of the ambient temperature. However, at higher temperature where centrifugal force is not large enough to create large leakage, the centrifugal force helps to redistribute the streamline to favorable way to increase the load capacity.
Case Commentary: The hidden side of oxacillin resistance in
Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Giulieri Stefano G. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Acquisition of PBP2a (encoded by the
mec
gene) is the key resistance mechanism to β-lactams in
Staphylococcus aureus
. The
mec
gene can be easily detected by PCR assays; however, these tools will miss
me
c-independent oxacillin resistance. This phenotype is mediated by mutations in cell wall metabolism genes that can be acquired during persistent infections under prolonged antibiotic exposure. The complex case presented by Hess et al. (Antimicrob Agents Chemother 67:e00437-23, 2023,
https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.00437-23
) highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in the management of
me
c-independent oxacillin resistance.
Divergent roles of Rad4 and Rad23 homologs in
Metarhizium robertsii
’s resistance to solar ultraviolet damage
Authors: Zhang Yi-Lu , Peng Han , Zhang Ke , Ying Sheng-Hua , Feng Ming-Guang 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

The anti-ultraviolet (UV) role of a Rad4-Rad23-Rad33 complex in budding yeast relies on nucleotide excision repair (NER), which is mechanistically distinct from photorepair of DNA lesions generated under solar UV irradiation but remains poorly known in filamentous fungi. Here, two nucleus-specific Rad4 paralogs (Rad4A and Rad4B) and nucleocytoplasmic shuttling Rad23 ortholog are functionally characterized by multiple analyses of their null mutants in
Metarhizium robertsii
, an entomopathogenic fungus lacking Rad33. Rad4A was proven to interact with Rad23 and contribute significantly more to conidial UVB resistance (90%) than Rad23 (65%). Despite no other biological function, Rad4A exhibited a very high activity in photoreactivation of UVB-impaired/inactivated conidia by 5-h light exposure due to its interaction with Rad10, an anti-UV protein clarified previously to have acquired a similar photoreactivation activity through its interaction with a photolyase in
M. robertsii
. The NER activity of Rad4A or Rad23 was revealed by lower reactivation rates of moderately impaired conidia after 24-h dark incubation but hardly observable at the end of 12-h dark incubation, suggesting an infeasibility of its NER activity in the field where nighttime is too short. Aside from a remarkable contribution to conidial UVB resistance, Rad23 had pleiotropic effect in radial growth, aerial conidiation, antioxidant response, and cell wall integrity but no photoreactivation activity. However, Rad4B proved redundant in function. The high photoreactivation activity of Rad4A unveils its essentiality for
M. robertsii
’s fitness to solar UV irradiation and is distinct from the yeast homolog’s anti-UV role depending on NER.

IMPORTANCE

Resilience of solar ultraviolet (UV)-impaired cells is crucial for the application of fungal insecticides based on formulated conidia. Anti-UV roles of Rad4, Rad23, and Rad33 rely upon nucleotide excision repair (NER) of DNA lesions in budding yeast. Among two Rad4 paralogs and Rad23 ortholog characterized in
Metarhizium robertsii
lacking Rad33, Rad4A contributes to conidial UVB resistance more than Rad23, which interacts with Rad4A rather than functionally redundant Rad4B. Rad4A acquires a high activity in photoreactivation of conidia severely impaired or inactivated by UVB irradiation through its interaction with Rad10, another anti-UV protein previously proven to interact with a photorepair-required photolyase. The NER activity of either Rad4A or Rad23 is seemingly extant but unfeasible under field conditions. Rad23 has pleiotropic effect in the asexual cycle
in vitro
but no photoreactivation activity. Therefore, the strong anti-UV role of Rad4A depends on photoreactivation, unveiling a scenario distinct from the yeast homolog’s NER-reliant anti-UV role.
Development of a rapid lateral flow assay for detection of anti-coccidioidal antibodies
Authors: Grill Francisca J. , Svarovsky Sergei , Gonzalez-Moa Maria , Kaleta Erin , Blair Janis E. , Lovato Lydia , Grant Richard , Ross Kyle , Linnehan Barbara K. , Meegan Jenny , Reilly Kenta S. , Brown Ashlyn , Williams Stacy , Chung Yunro , Magee D. Mitchell , Grys Thomas E. , Lake Douglas F. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTCoccidioidesspp. are dimorphic fungi that are capable of infecting human and non-human mammals and can cause diverse manifestations of coccidioidomycosis or Valley fever (VF). In combination with clinical symptoms and radiographic findings, antibody-based diagnostic tests are often used to diagnose and monitor patients with VF. Chitinase 1 (CTS1) has previously been identified as the seroreactive antigen used in these diagnostic assays to detect anticoccidial IgG. Here, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect IgG to CTS1 demonstrated 165 of 178 (92.7%) patients with a positive result by immunodiffusion (ID) and/or complement fixation (CF) had antibodies to the single antigen CTS1. We then developed a rapid antibody lateral flow assay (LFA) to detect anti-CTS1 antibodies. Out of 143 samples tested, the LFA showed 92.9% positive percent agreement [95% confidence interval (CI), 84.3%–96.9%] and 97.7% negative percent agreement (95% CI, 87.9%–99.6%) with ID and CF assays. Serum or plasma from canines, macaques, and dolphins was also tested by the CTS1 LFA. Test line densities of the CTS1 LFA correlated in a linear manner with the reported CF and ID titers for human and non-human samples, respectively. This 10-min point-of-care test for the rapid detection of anti-coccidioidal antibodies could help to inform healthcare providers in real-time, potentially improving the efficiency of healthcare delivery.
Associating bovine herpesvirus 1 envelope glycoprotein gD with activated phospho-PLC-γ1(S1248)
Authors: Liu Chang , Yuan Weifeng , Yang Hao , Ni Junqing , Tang Linke , Zhao Heci , Neumann Donna , Ding Xiuyan , Zhu Liqian 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLC-γ1) may locate at distinct subcellular locations, such as cytosol, plasma membrane, and nucleus for varied biological functions. Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) productive infection activates PLC-γ1 signaling, as demonstrated by increased protein levels of phosphorylated-PLC-γ1 at Ser1248 [p-PLC-γ1(S1248)], which benefits virus productive infection. Here, for the first time, we reported that Golgi apparatus also contains activated p-PLC-γ1(S1248). And BoHV-1 productive infection at later stages (24 hpi) increased the accumulation of p-PLC-γ1(S1248) in the Golgi apparatus, where p-PLC-γ1(S1248) forms highlighted puncta observed via a confocal microscope. Coimmunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that the Golgi p-PLC-γ1(S1248) is specifically associated with the viral protein gD but not gC. In addition, we found that p-PLC-γ1(S1248) is consistently associated with both the plasma membrane-associated virions and the released virions. When the virus-infected cells were treated with PLC-γ1-specific inhibitor, U73122, for a short duration of 4 hours prior to the endpoint of virus infection, we found that the viral protein gD was trapped in the Golgi apparatus, suggesting that the PLC-γ1 signaling may facilitate trafficking of progeny virions out of this organelle. These findings provide a novel insight into the interplay between PLC-γ1 signaling and BoHV-1 replication.

IMPORTANCE
Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) productive infection increases protein levels of phosphorylated-phospholipase C gamma 1 at Ser1248 [p-PLC-γ1(S1248)]. However, whether it causes any variations to p-PLC-γ1(S1248) localization is not well understood. Here, for the first time, we found that partial p-PLC-γ1(S1248) is residing in the Golgi apparatus, where the accumulation is enhanced by virus infection. p-PLC-γ1(S1248) is consistently associated with virions, partially via binding to gD, in both the Golgi apparatus and cytoplasm membranes. Surprisingly, it also associates with the released virions. Of note, this is the first evidenced BoHV-1 virion-bound host protein. It seems that p-PLC-γ1(S1248) works as an escort during trafficking of progeny virions out of Golgi apparatus to the plasma membranes as well as releasing outside of the cell membranes. Furthermore, we showed that the activated p-PLC-γ1(S1248) is potentially implicated in the transport of virions out of Golgi apparatus, which may represent a novel mechanism to regulate virus productive infection.