bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of foliar‐sprayed potassium dihydrogen phosphate on accumulation of flavonoids in Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.)
Authors: Zhao Ting , Xie Sha , Zhang Zhenwen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn current vineyards, potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) is a common foliar fertilizer with the lowest salt index. It is employed to improve the transportation and distribution of grape photosynthetic products, but the mechanism of its effect on fruit flavonoid synthesis is unclear.RESULTSThis study investigated the effects of foliar spraying of KH2PO4 at different developmental stages (1 week before veraison; the end of veraison (EV)) on flavonoid metabolites and related gene expression of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grape for two consecutive vintages. High‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry technology was used to identify 6 flavan‐3‐ols, 11 flavonols, and 16 anthocyanins. KH2PO4 influenced anthocyanins content, especially when applied at the EV stage, the content of anthocyanins was significantly higher than that of the control. Further, quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that KH2PO4 treatment applied at the EV stage can increase the expression of anthocyanin synthesis genes and accelerate anthocyanin synthesis. In particular, the expression of VviGST in EV treatment was significantly higher than that of the control during the development process.CONCLUSIONThese findings have enhanced our understanding of the effect of KH2PO4 treatment on grape flavonoids. Among them, EV treatment can significantly increase anthocyanins content. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effect of soluble soybean polysaccharides on the short‐ and long‐term retrogradation properties of instant rice
Authors: Wang Jian , He Yutang , Li Xuyang , Xie Yumei , Wang Xinran , Zhu Danshi , Liu He 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDRice starch retrogradation is prone to occur during instant rice storage, which contributes to reduced viscosity, poor sensory characteristics, and shortened shelf life. The purpose of this study was to explore the anti‐retrogradation effect of soybean soluble polysaccharides (SSPS) on instant rice and the possible interaction between SSPS and high‐moisture starch products.RESULTSWe studied the effects of SSPS on the retrogradation of instant rice, using hardness as an index. The optimal amount of SSPS was 0.2%. Hardness, enthalpy, relative crystallinity, and full width at half maximum values were lower in the SSPS‐treated group than in the control group (no SSPS) during storage. The weight loss rate of instant rice had the following trend: SSPS‐treated group (0 day) < control group (0 day) < SSPS‐treated group (28 days) < control group (28 days). The lower the weight loss rate, the lower was the material loss. Scanning electron microscopy results showed that the gaps between starch granules were less obvious in the control group than in the SSPS‐treated group during storage. The SSPS‐treated group presented a starch network with uniform chambers. SSPS might compete with starch molecules for water absorption, thereby improving water retention and limiting starch retrogradation.CONCLUSIONThe results showed that adding SSPS to instant rice could effectively inhibit starch retrogradation, because the interaction of SSPS and amylopectin side chains inhibited the crosslinking of starch molecules through hydrogen bonds, which hindered the formation of ordered structures. It was helpful to understand the anti‐retrogradation mechanism of SSPS during the storage of instant rice, and provided the basis for the industrial production of high‐water‐content starch foods. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
How many independent quantities can be extracted from ocean color?
Authors: Cael B. B. , Bisson Kelsey , Boss Emmanuel , Erickson Zachary K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractProducts derived from remote sensing reflectances (), for example, chlorophyll, phytoplankton carbon, euphotic depth, or particle size, are widely used in oceanography. Problematically, may have fewer degrees of freedom (DoF) than measured wavebands or derived products. Here, we show that a global sea surface hyperspectral dataset has DoF = 4. MODIS‐like multispectral equivalent in situ data also have DoF = 4, while their SeaWiFS equivalent has DoF = 3. Both multispectral‐equivalent datasets predict individual hyperspectral wavelengths' within nominal uncertainties. Remotely sensed climatological multispectral have DoF = 2, as information is lost by atmospheric correction, shifting to larger spatiotemporal scales, and/or more open‐ocean measurements, but suites of ‐derived products have DoF = 1. These results suggest that remote sensing products based on existing satellites' are not independent and should not be treated as such, that existing measurements hold unutilized information, and that future multi‐ or especially hyper‐spectral algorithms must rigorously consider correlations between wavebands.
Achromatic Broadband Multi‐Layer Diffraction Mode Multiplexing
Authors: Kong A‐Ru , Lei Ting , Fang Jun‐Cheng , Xie You‐Peng , Hu Jing‐Bo , Yuan Xiao‐Cong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEfforts have been made in recent years to achieve broadband mode‐division multiplexing (MDM) for wavelength and mode hybrid multiplexing optical interconnect. However, most multiplexers are suffering from either strong chromatic aberration or material dispersion, like planar lightwave circuits, mode selective couplers, and single‐layer diffraction elements. The multi‐layer diffraction structure provides a method for achieving both mode conversion and broadband properties. However, the reported multi‐layer diffraction MDM can usually only achieve high efficiency working at a specific narrow bandwidth due to the monochromatic coherent light design. Here, a general achromatic broadband multi‐layer diffraction model is proposed to compensate the dispersion by wavefront matching of discrete multi‐wavelength optical fields. Using this model, an achromatic orbital angular momentum beam generator and an achromatic linearly polarized mode multiplexer for coarse wavelength‐division multiplexing (CWDM) optical interconnections are designed. Compared with the monochromatic designs, the generator exhibits lower wavelength dependence and the multiplexer doubles the bandwidth with mode purity exceeding 91%. Additionally, signal transmission over a 5‐km fiber is demonstrated experimentally in the CWDM‐MDM hybrid communication system. This work represents a solid step toward practical implementation of achromatic MDM and may find applications in the design of various achromatic devices.
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1)‐independent actions of capsaicin on cellular excitability and ion transport
Authors: Oz Murat , Lorke Dietrich E. , Howarth Frank C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCapsaicin is a naturally occurring alkaloid derived from chili pepper that is responsible for its hot pungent taste. Capsaicin is known to exert multiple pharmacological actions, including analgesia, anticancer, anti‐inflammatory, antiobesity, and antioxidant effects. The transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 1 (TRPV1) is the main receptor mediating the majority of the capsaicin effects. However, numerous studies suggest that the TRPV1 receptor is not the only target for capsaicin. An increasing number of studies indicates that capsaicin, at low to mid µM ranges, not only indirectly through TRPV1‐mediated Ca2+ increases, but also directly modulates the functions of voltage‐gated Na+, K+, and Ca2+ channels, as well as ligand‐gated ion channels and other ion transporters and enzymes involved in cellular excitability. These TRPV1‐independent effects are mediated by alterations of the biophysical properties of the lipid membrane and subsequent modulation of the functional properties of ion channels and by direct binding of capsaicin to the channels. The present study, for the first time, systematically categorizes this diverse range of non‐TRPV1 targets and discusses cellular and molecular mechanisms mediating TRPV1‐independent effects of capsaicin in excitable, as well as nonexcitable cells.
NMR spectroscopic discrimination of the enantiomer pairs of soman and bispinacolyl‐methylphosphonate and detailed analysis of the pinacolyl group 1H NMR resonances
Authors: Haapaniemi Esa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIf a 1H NMR FID measured from oman is manipulated with Gaussian windowing before Fourier transformation, nine protons' signals of pinacolyl group can show some shape depending on the solvent and temperature. How could those signals shape and separate soman isomers as well as conformers information be combined, or could they fit somehow? Molecular modeling results together with accurate iterative spectral analysis were also extended to bispinacolyl‐methylphoshonate (BPMP), which have two pinacolyl groups. As far as we know, this is the first complete 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR spectral analysis of BPMP.
On‐site construction of a point‐of‐care low‐field MRI system in Africa
Authors: Obungoloch Johnes , Muhumuza Ivan , Teeuwisse Wouter , Harper Joshua , Etoku Ivan , Asiimwe Robert , Tusiime Patricia , Gombya George , Mugume Chris , Namutebi Mary Hellen , Nassejje Mary Anthony , Nayebare Maureen , Kavuma Joseph Mark , Bukyana Benedicto , Natukunda Faith , Ninsiima Patience , Muwanguzi Abraham , Omadi Phillip , van Gijzen Martin , Schiff Steven J. , Webb Andrew , O'Reilly Tom 
Published: March 2023

PurposeTo describe the construction and testing of a portable point‐of‐care low‐field MRI system on site in Africa.MethodsAll of the components to assemble a 50 mT Halbach magnet‐based system, together with the necessary tools, were air‐freighted from the Netherlands to Uganda. The construction steps included individual magnet sorting, filling of each ring of the magnet assembly, fine‐tuning the inter‐ring separations of the 23‐ring magnet assembly, gradient coil construction, integration of gradient coils and magnet assembly, construction of the portable aluminum trolley and finally testing of the entire system with an open source MR spectrometer.ResultsWith four instructors and six untrained personnel, the complete project from delivery to first image took approximately 11 days.ConclusionsAn important step in translating scientific developments in the western world from high‐income industrialized countries to low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) is to produce technology that can be assembled and ultimately constructed locally. Local assembly and construction are associated with skill development, low costs and jobs. Point‐of‐care systems have a large potential to increase the accessibility and sustainability of MRI in LMICs, and this work demonstrates that technology and knowledge transfer can be performed relatively seamlessly.
Addressing the unique needs and quality of life issues for adults receiving long‐term home enteral nutrition
Authors: Lord Linda M. , McGinnis Carol , Densmore Carly 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIndividuals who require home enteral nutrition (EN)—and, subsequently, their families—undergo major changes in family dynamics. They would benefit from an approach that provides ongoing nutrition, hydration, enteral access, and quality of life assessments from knowledgeable clinicians. Most individuals and families will be new to the enteral access device, handling and administration of the nutrition formula, medication delivery through feeding tubes, and troubleshooting associated complications. Educational sessions are typically given but may not be comprehensive enough to meet all needs, especially in the first weeks to months of home EN therapy. Quality of life assessments obtained in the early stages of EN support would help clinicians identify and focus on areas that need special attention for that individual and family. Ongoing clinical care is essential because over time, the nutrition prescription, delivery methods and schedules typically require alterations and feeding tubes need to be assessed and replaced. In addition to these important physical dimensions of care, attention should be placed on the psychological, cognitive, social, and ethical aspects of life for these individuals and their families.
Quantitative systematic review of the transformational leadership style as a driver of nurses' organisational commitment
Authors: Haoyan Xiong , Waters David , Jinling Huang , Qiongling Liu , Sien Lin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsTo explore the association between nurses' perceptions of their nurse manager's transformational leadership style and nurses' organisational commitment.DesignNarrative systematic review.Data SourcesThe CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE, PubMed, Business Source Complete, Cochrane Library, along with OpenGrey t were systematically searched for observational studies written in English, between January 2009 and December 2020.Review MethodsThis systematic review is based on the guidelines of the Cochrane Handbook, and PRISMA‐P. Two reviewers independently selected studies. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tool for Cross‐Sectional Studies.ResultsSeven cross‐sectional studies with 2885 participants were included. Six studies reported that the transformational leadership style was positively related to nurses' organisational commitment, and the remaining study reported a negative association.ConclusionsSix studies were found that the transformational leadership style is a driver of nurses' organisational commitment. Only one study reported that transformational leadership style negatively associated with acute care nurses' organisational commitment. However, the negative finding is less valid, as the study data indicates that the nurse managers' ineffective transformational leadership style in the acute care unit or the culture influence, which may have influenced the results.ImpactsIt provides the guideline, recommendation, and important evidence to support nursing managers adopting the transformational leadership style to promote nurse retention helping to alleviate the nursing shortage. This is beneficial to the well‐being of the nurse. Meanwhile, this can help the health organisation reducing the cost of nurses' turnover and recruiting new nurses. It is also good for address future ageing population healthcare problem in the long term.
Opioid Sparing Multimodal Analgesia for Transoral Robotic Surgery: Improved Analgesia and Narcotic Use Reduction
Authors: Castellanos Carlos X. , Paoletti Marcus , Ulloa Ruben , Kim Celeste , Fong Michelle , Xepoleas Meredith , Sinha Uttam , Kokot Niels , Swanson Mark S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo compare postoperative pain scores and opioid consumption in patients after transoral robotic surgery (TORS).Study DesignSingle institution retrospective cohort study.SettingTORS was performed at a single academic tertiary care center.MethodsThis study compared traditional opioid‐based and opioid‐sparing multimodal analgesia (MMA) regimens in patients with oropharyngeal and supraglottic malignancy after TORS. Data were obtained from the electronic health records from August 2016 to December 2021. The average postoperative pain scores and total opioid consumption in morphine milligram equivalents were calculated for postoperative days (PODs) 0 to 3. The secondary objectives were to quantify and characterize opioid prescriptions upon hospital discharge.ResultsA total of 114 patients were identified for this study, 58 patients in the non‐MMA cohort and 56 in the MMA cohort. Postoperative pain levels in the MMA cohort were statistically lower on POD 0 (p = 0.001), POD 1 (p = 0.001), and POD 3 (p = 0.004). Postoperative opioid consumption decreased significantly in the MMA cohort from 37.7 to 10.8 mg on POD 0 (p = 0.002), 65.9 to 19.9 mg on POD 1 (p < 0.001), 36.0 to 19.3 mg on POD 2 (p = 0.02), and 45.4 to 13.8 mg on POD 3 (p = 0.02). The number of patients discharged from the hospital with a prescription for narcotics was significantly lower in the MMA cohort (71.4%) compared with the non‐MMA cohort (98.3%) (p < 0.001).ConclusionImplementation of our MMA pain protocol reduced pain levels and narcotic consumption in the immediate postoperative period.
Neural correlates of aftereffects induced by adaptations to single and average durations
Authors: Li Baolin , Xiao Lijuan , Yu Qinlin , Huang Xiting 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDuration perception can be heavily distorted owing to repetitive exposure to a relatively long or short sensory event, often causing a duration aftereffect. Here, we used a novel procedure to show that adaptations to both single and average durations produced the duration aftereffect. Participants completed a duration reproduction task (Experiment 1) or a duration category rating task (Experiment 2) after long‐term adaptations to a stimulus of medium duration and to stimuli of averagely medium duration. We found that adaptations to both single and average durations resulted in duration aftereffects. The simultaneously recorded functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data revealed that the reduction in neural activity due to long‐term adaptation to single duration was observed in the right supramarginal gyrus (SMG) of the parietal lobe, while adaptation to average duration resulted in fMRI adaptations in the left postcentral gyrus (PCG) and middle cingulate gyrus (MCG). At the individual level, the magnitude of the behavioral aftereffect was positively correlated with the magnitude of fMRI adaptation in the right SMG after adaptation to single duration, while there were no significantly positive correlations between the behavioral aftereffect and fMRI adaptations in the left PCG and MCG. These results suggest that there are different neural mechanisms for aftereffects caused by adaptations to single and average durations.
MAHOMES II: A webserver for predicting if a metal binding site is enzymatic
Authors: Feehan Ryan , Copeland Matthew , Franklin Meghan W. , Slusky Joanna S. G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRecent advances have enabled high‐quality computationally generated structures for proteins with no solved crystal structures. However, protein function data remains largely limited to experimental methods and homology mapping. Since structure determines function, it is natural that methods capable of using computationally generated structures for functional annotations need to be advanced. Our laboratory recently developed a method to distinguish between metalloenzyme and nonenzyme sites. Here we report improvements to this method by upgrading our physicochemical features to alleviate the need for structures with sub‐angstrom precision and using machine learning to reduce training data labeling error. Our improved classifier identifies protein bound metal sites as enzymatic or nonenzymatic with 94% precision and 92% recall. We demonstrate that both adjustments increased predictive performance and reliability on sites with sub‐angstrom variations. We constructed a set of predicted metalloprotein structures with no solved crystal structures and no detectable homology to our training data. Our model had an accuracy of 90%–97.5% depending on the quality of the predicted structures included in our test. Finally, we found the physicochemical trends that drove this model's successful performance were local protein density, second shell ionizable residue burial, and the pocket's accessibility to the site. We anticipate that our model's ability to correctly identify catalytic metal sites could enable identification of new enzymatic mechanisms and improve de novo metalloenzyme design success rates.
Exploring structural features and potential lipid interactions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa type three secretion effector PemB by spectroscopic and calorimetric experiments
Authors: Choudhury Arkaprabha , Saha Saumen , Maiti Nakul Chandra , Datta Saumen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractType Three Secretion System (T3SS) is a sophisticated nano‐scale weapon utilized by several gram negative bacteria under stringent spatio‐temporal regulation to manipulate and evade host immune systems in order to cause infection. To the best of our knowledge, this present study is the first report where we embark upon characterizing inherent features of native type three secretion effector protein PemB through biophysical techniques. Herein, first, we demonstrate binding affinity of PemB for phosphoinositides through isothermal calorimetric titrations. Second, we shed light on its strong homo‐oligomerization propensity in aqueous solution through multiple biophysical methods. Third, we also employ several spectroscopic techniques to delineate its disordered and helical conformation. Lastly, we perform a phylogenetic analysis of this new effector to elucidate evolutionary relationship with other organisms. Taken together, our results shall surely contribute to our existing knowledge of Pseudomonas aeruginosa secretome.
Virtual special issue: Internal migration in times of COVID‐19
Authors: Rowe Francisco , González‐Leonardo Miguel , Champion Tony 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has potentially altered the system of population movement around the world. As COVID‐19 hit cities the hardest in the wake of the pandemic, apocalyptic headlines anticipated the ‘death of cities’. Yet, little was known about the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on cities and the ways it has shaped the patterns of internal population movement in and out of cities. This virtual special issue aims to consolidate our knowledge of the impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on internal migration, discuss key lessons we have learnt so far, and identify areas for future enquiry. It brings together evidence from six different countries: Australia, Germany, Japan, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom, covering the pandemic in varying temporal lengths. Systematic patterns emerge. A first commonality is an overall reduction of internal migration rates during the early days of the pandemic but to a lesser degree than expected. Second, the impacts of COVID‐19 leading to out‐migration from cities seem to have been temporary, though evidence from Spain and Britain points to scarring effects with persistent losses in highly dense areas. Third, changes in internal migration generated small impacts on the population structure of cities but large‐scale changes in small, rural and low‐density areas.
Stability and electronic properties of hydrogenated C3B structure
Authors: Liu Tong , Fang Dong , Ma Jie , Fan Qun Chao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractExperimental and theoretical studies show that two‐dimensional (2D) materials have great potential applications in the fields of optoelectronics, semiconductors and spintronic devices. Based on the first principles, the stability, band structure, electronic properties and optical properties of hydrogenated C3B, a new graphene like 2D material, are studied in this paper. The results show that: first, with the increase of hydrogenation degree, the sp2 orbital hybridization in C3B structure gradually transits to a more stable sp3 mode, and the valence band energy near the Fermi level decreases. Second, adsorbed H atoms can regulate the bandgap of C3B. When the number of adsorbed H is even, C3B structure behaves as a semiconductor, and meanwhile the bandgap increases. When H atoms is odd, C3B is easy to show metallicity. Finally, the main absorption peak of the optical absorption spectrum decreases first and then increases with the increase of H concentration. The law of the secondary absorption peak is opposite to the main peak. When the ratio of hydrogenation is 50%, an obvious secondary absorption peak appears. This study confirms that hydrogenation is an effective way to regulate the electronic properties of materials, which can expand the application of 2D material C3B in optoelectronic devices.