bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient-reported outcomes measures of X-linked hypophosphataemia participants: findings from a prospective cohort study in the UK
Authors: Cole Sophie , Sanchez-Santos Maria T. , Kolovos Spyros , Javaid Muhammad Kassim , Pinedo-Villanueva Rafael 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
X-linked hypophosphataemia (XLH) is a rare genetic condition passed on through the X chromosome which causes multiple symptoms including weakened teeth, bones, and muscles. Due to the rarity of the condition, little is known about the health outcomes as reported by people with the disease. The objectives of this study were threefold: to characterise key patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) in adults with XLH, to identify clusters of symptom-severity groups based on PROMs, and to analyse the longitudinal progression of available PROMs.

Methods
Data from 48 participants from the Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases cohort Study (RUDY) was used to analyse both cross-sectional and longitudinal patient-reported outcomes. We analysed data for health-related quality of life (HRQL): EuroQol 5 dimensions-5 levels (EQ-5D-5L), Short-form 36 (SF-36) Physical Component Score (PCS), and SF-36 Mental Component Score (MCS), sleep: Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness scale (ESS), fatigue: Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and Functional assessment of chronic illness therapy-fatigue (FACIT-F), pain: Short form McGill pain questionnaire version 2 (SF-MPQ-2) and PainDETECT, and mental well-being: Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) anxiety and depression. Summary statistics, tests of mean differences, mixed-effects models, and cluster analysis were used to describe and examine the various health dimensions of individuals with XLH.

Results
Overall mean scores were EQ-5D-5L = 0.65, SF-36-PCS = 32.7, and SF-36-MCS = 48.4 for HRQL, ESS = 5.9 and PSQI = 8.9 for sleep, FSS = 32.8 and FACIT-F = 104.4 for fatigue, SF-MPQ-2 = 1.9 for pain, and HADS-depression = 4.7 and HADS-anxiety = 6.2 for mental well-being. 7% reported neuropathic pain (PainDETECT). Whilst many adults with XLH reported good outcomes, extreme or severe problems were reported across all outcomes. Cluster analysis identified that adults with XLH could be divided into two distinct groups, one reporting worse (35.3%) and the other better outcomes (64.7%) (less pain, fatigue, depression, and higher levels of sleep). Longitudinal analysis showed that FACIT-F and HADS-anxiety scores worsened slightly over two years with statistically significant (p < 0.05) time coefficients (b =  − 2.135 and b = 0.314, respectively).

Conclusion
Although about two thirds of adult participants of the RUDY cohort with XLH report good health outcomes, for a considerable third much worse outcomes are reported. More research is needed to examine why some experience good and others poor health outcomes and the characteristics which identify them.
Neurocognition and functioning in adolescents at clinical high risk for psychosis
Authors: Mensi Martina Maria , Orlandi Marika , Casini Erica , Catalan Ana , de Pablo Gonzalo Salazar , Fusar-Poli Paolo , Borgatti Renato 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundOnce psychosis has set in, it is difficult for patients to achieve full recovery. Prevention of psychosis and early intervention are promising for improving the outcomes of this disorder. In the last two decades, neurocognition has been studied as a biomarker for clinical-high risk for psychosis (CHR-P). However, neurocognitive functioning has been under-investigated in adolescents.MethodsWe enrolled 116 adolescents from 12 to 17 years old (mean = 15.27,SD = 1.56; 76 females). This 3-year cohort study aimed to identify differences in neurocognitive and overall functioning in three groups of adolescent patients divided according to the semi-structured interview Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States (CAARMS): adolescents with established psychosis, adolescents with CHR-P, and adolescents not meeting either criteria (non-CHR-P). To differentiate the profiles, clinicians administered cognitive evaluation and neuropsychological tasks. Moreover, they filled in scales to assess their global, social, and role functioning and a questionnaire to assess the severity of the disease.ResultsWe made a between-group comparison on neurocognitive measures and found that the CHR-P and the psychosis groups differed in processing speed (TMT-A;p = .002 in BVN categorial fluency (p = .018), and Rey–Osterrieth complex figure drawing from memory task (p = .014), with psychosis group showing worse performance. No differences emerged between non-CHR-P and CHR-P (p = .014) individuals. CHR-P had better functioning than the psychosis group but worse than the non-CHR-P one.ConclusionsThese results confirm that neurocognition can be a helpful biomarker in identifying specific subgroups of adolescents with emerging psychopathology and help clinicians develop stratified preventive approaches.
Allometric normalization of handgrip strength in older adults: Which body size parameter is the most appropriate?
Authors: Kasović Mario , Sagat Peter , Kalčik Zvonimir , Štefan Lovro , Hubinák Andrej , Krška Peter 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Although absolute handgrip strength has been associated with health-related outcomes in older adults, little evidence has been provided regarding its adjustment by a variety of body size dimensions. Therefore, the main purpose of the study was to establish the most appropriate normalization of handgrip strength by different body size parameters in a large sample of noninstitutionalized older adults.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 643 men and women aged > 60, who were part of the rehabilitation center facility program. Handgrip strength was objectively measured using a Jamar Plus* + Digital Hand Dynamometer. Body size parameters included body weight and height, body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, fat mass and fat-free mass. The most appropriate parameter associated with handgrip strength was identified using allometry.

Results
Findings showed that the most appropriate body size parameter for handgrip strength normalization was height (allometric exponent: 0.85), compared to fat-free mass (0.26) and body mass (0.12). Other body size variables were not significantly associated with handgrip strength and were omitted from further analyses. The correlations between normalized handgrip strength were significant when handgrip strength was normalized by body mass and fat-free mass, while no significant correlations were found, when handgrip strength was normalized by body height.

Conclusion
Based on the study results, body height seems to be the best body size parameter for handgrip strength normalization in older adults, omitting the influence of body size on strength performance. If handgrip strength is measured, body height may help normalize strength for large-scale research.
Ayurveda management of pulmonary mycosis: an integrative approach: a case report
Authors: Shankar Prasan , Vijay Bhavya , Pendse Narendra , Rahman Mahima , Nampoothiri Vasudevan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Pulmonary mycosis is a fungal infection of the lung. Antifungal treatments are used in conventional treatments; however, incomplete response and toxicity are major challenges of antifungal therapies. In Ayurveda, pulmonary mycosis is diagnosed and treated based on principles of respiratory disorders (referred to as Shvaas Roga) with promising outcomes.

Case presentation
A > 60-year-old South Indian male patient visited Institute of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine with complaints of cough, breathlessness, pedal edema, weight loss, uncontrolled diabetes, and anemia. Following chest X-ray, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and bronchoscopy, the patient was diagnosed with a case of pulmonary mucormycosis. The patient had availed conventional allopathic treatment for 3 months including standard antifungal medication for 3 weeks. However, due to unresolved and persistent symptoms, the patient sought Ayurveda treatment. The patient was diagnosed and treated for 6 weeks as a case of Shvaasa Roga, a subcategory of the respiratory disorder according to Ayurveda, and was cured of the infection following an integrative Ayurveda management regime which included internal medicines, panchakarma, necessary poorvakarmas (like abhyanga and swedhana), diet and lifestyle advice, yoga and acupuncture.

Conclusions
The patient was cured of fungal lung infection in 6 weeks using an integrative approach. Primary Ayurveda treatment supported with diet and lifestyle modifications, yoga, and acupuncture helped the patient to recover from illness. The patient is alive and free of disease for more than one year to date.
Implantation and tracing of green fluorescent protein-expressing adipose-derived stem cells in peri-implant capsular fibrosis
Authors: Park Bo-Yoon , Wu Dirong , Kwon Kyoo-Ri , Kim Mi-Jin , Kim Tae-Gon , Lee Jun-Ho , Park Do Young , Kim Il-Kug 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have been reported to reduce fibrosis in various tissues. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory role of ASCs on capsule formation by analyzing the histologic, cellular, and molecular changes in a mouse model of peri-implant fibrosis. We also investigated the fate and distribution of ASCs in the peri-implant capsule.

Methods
To establish a peri-implant fibrosis model, customized silicone implants were inserted into the dorsal site of C57BL/6 wild-type mice. ASCs were harvested from the fat tissues of transgenic mice that express a green fluorescent protein (GFP-ASCs) and then injected into the peri-implant space of recipient mice. The peri-implant tissues were harvested from postoperative week 2 to 8. We measured the capsule thickness, distribution, and differentiation of GFP-ASCs, as well as the cellular and molecular changes in capsular tissue following ASC treatment.

Results
Injected GFP-ASCs were distributed within the peri-implant capsule and proliferated. Administration of ASCs reduced the capsule thickness, decreased the number of myofibroblasts and macrophages in the capsule, and decreased the mRNA level of fibrogenic genes within the peri-implant tissue. Angiogenesis was enhanced due to trans-differentiation of ASCs into vascular endothelial cells, and tissue hypoxia was relieved upon ASC treatment.

Conclusions
We uncovered that implanted ASCs inhibit capsule formation around the implant by characterizing a series of biological alterations upon ASC treatment and the fate of injected ASCs. These findings highlight the value of ASCs for future clinical applications in the prevention of capsular contracture after implant-based reconstruction surgery.
Efficient virtual high-content screening using a distance-aware transformer model
Authors: Sellner Manuel S. , Mahmoud Amr H. , Lill Markus A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMolecular similarity search is an often-used method in drug discovery, especially in virtual screening studies. While simple one- or two-dimensional similarity metrics can be applied to search databases containing billions of molecules in a reasonable amount of time, this is not the case for complex three-dimensional methods. In this work, we trained a transformer model to autoencode tokenized SMILES strings using a custom loss function developed to conserve similarities in latent space. This allows the direct sampling of molecules in the generated latent space based on their Euclidian distance. Reducing the similarity between molecules to their Euclidian distance in latent space allows the model to perform independent of the similarity metric it was trained on. While we test the method here using 2D similarity as proof-of-concept study, the algorithm will enable also high-content screening with time-consuming 3D similarity metrics. We show that the presence of a specific loss function for similarity conservation greatly improved the model’s ability to predict highly similar molecules. When applying the model to a database containing 1.5 billion molecules, our model managed to reduce the relevant search space by 5 orders of magnitude. We also show that our model was able to generalize adequately when trained on a relatively small dataset of representative structures. The herein presented method thereby provides new means of substantially reducing the relevant search space in virtual screening approaches, thus highly increasing their throughput. Additionally, the distance awareness of the model causes the efficiency of this method to be independent of the underlying similarity metric.
Inertial-based extragradient algorithm for approximating a common solution of split-equilibrium problems and fixed-point problems of nonexpansive semigroups
Authors: Nwawuru Francis O. , Ezeora Jeremiah N. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce a simple and easily computable algorithm for finding a common solution to split-equilibrium problems and fixed-point problems in the framework of real Hilbert spaces. New self-adaptive step sizes are adopted for the avoidance of Lipschitz constants that are not practically implemented. Furthermore, an inertial term is incorporated to speed up the rate of convergence, a condition that is very desirable in applications. A strong convergence is obtained under some mild assumptions, which is not limited to the fact that the bifunctions are pseudomonotone operators. This condition is better, weaker, and more general than being strongly pseudomonotone or monotone. Our result improves and extends already announced results in this direction of research.
Comparison of disengagement levels and the impact of disengagement on item parameters between PISA 2015 and PISA 2018 in the United States
Authors: Kuang Huan , Sahin Fusun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Examinees may not make enough effort when responding to test items if the assessment has no consequence for them. These disengaged responses can be problematic in low-stakes, large-scale assessments because they can bias item parameter estimates. However, the amount of bias, and whether this bias is similar across administrations, is unknown. This study compares the degree of disengagement (i.e., fast and non-effortful responses) and the impact of disengagement on item parameter estimates in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) across the 2015 and 2018 administrations.

Method
We detected disengaged responses at the item level based on response times and response behaviors. We used data from the United States and analyzed 51 computer-based mathematics items administered in both PISA 2015 and PISA 2018. We compared the percentage of disengaged responses and the average scores of the disengaged responses for the 51 common items. We filtered disengaged responses at the response- and examinee-levels and compared item difficulty (P+ and b) and item discrimination (a) before and after filtering.

Results
Our findings suggested that there were only slight differences in the amount of disengagement in the U.S. results for PISA 2015 and PISA 2018. In both years, the amount of disengagement was less than 5.2%, and the average scores of disengaged responses were lower than the average scores of engaged responses. We did not find any serious impact of disengagement on item parameter estimates when we applied response-level filtering; however, we found some bias, particularly on item difficulty, when we applied examinee-level filtering.

Conclusions
This study highlights differences in the amount of disengagement in PISA 2015 and PISA 2018 as well as the implications of the decisions made for handling disengaged responses on item difficulty and discrimination. The results of this study provide important information for reporting trends across years.
Exploring the characteristics of pre-service EFL teachers’ practicum experiences: a complexity theory-based case study in China
Authors: Li Ming , Kuang Fangtao , Dan Wei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWith increasing attention being paid to teacher education, various theoretical perspectives have been adopted to study on how pre-service teachers learn to teach. This study employed complexity theory as conceptual framework and examined two pre-service EFL teachers’ practicum experiences by qualitative case study and identified three core characteristics of their learning-to-teach: complexity, dynamism and self-organization. It is found that pre-service EFL teacher learning, as a complex system, interacted between and among a network of socio-contextual factors and thus influenced and being influenced during the learning process in a non-linear and complex way. This study made empirical and theoretical contributions to the research field of teacher education and provided implications for university-school collaboration-based teacher education practice.
Anesthetic management of a patient with Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome with multiple pulmonary arteriovenous malformations and pheochromocytoma for femoral artificial bone replacement: a case report
Authors: Hiyoshi Toshiharu , Shimizu Kazuyoshi , Kimura Satoshi , Naritani Toshiki , Morimatsu Hiroshi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome is characterized by mucocutaneous telangiectasia and arteriovenous malformations in organs. Anesthesia for patients with Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome is challenging due to complications and physiological changes.

Case presentation
The case was a 49-year-old female with Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome, multiple pulmonary arteriovenous malformations and pheochromocytoma who presented for femoral bone head fracture with metastatic adenocarcinoma. The patient was scheduled to undergo bone tumor resection and artificial bone replacement, being positioned laterally with a planned operation duration of 5 h. Anesthesia was managed with spinal and epidural anesthesia, combined with sedation by sevoflurane using a supraglottic airway (SGA) device under spontaneous breathing. Her intraoperative and postoperative courses were uneventful.

Conclusion
Neuraxial anesthesia combined with general anesthesia using an SGA device to maintain spontaneous ventilation in order to minimize the risk of rupture of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations could be an option.
The role of IL17 and IL17RA polymorphisms in lethal pandemic acute viral pneumonia (Influenza A virus H1N1 subtype)
Authors: Liberalesso Vanessa Yumie Salomão Watanabe , Azevedo Marina Luise Viola , Malaquias Mineia Alessandra Scaranello , de Paula Caroline Busatta Vaz , Nagashima Seigo , de Souza Daiane Gavlik , Neto Plínio Cézar , Gouveia Kauana Oliveira , Biscaro Larissa Cristina , Giamberardino Ana Luisa Garcia , Gonçalves Gabrielle Tasso , Kondo Thais Teles Soares , Raboni Sonia Maria , Weiss Isabelle , Machado-Souza Cleber , de Noronha Lucia 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
The cytokines play an essential role in acute inflammatory processes, and the IL-17 may be responsible for ambiguous aspects, and the correlation with genetic polymorphisms could improve the search for this critical biomarker. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the IL-17A and IL-17RA tissue expression and the polymorphisms that codified these proteins in a population that died of pandemic Influenza A virus H1N1 subtype compared to a non-pandemic Influenza virus population.

Methods
Necropsy lung samples immunohistochemistry was performed to assess the presence of IL-17A and IL-17RA in the pulmonary tissue. Eight single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped using TaqMan® technology.

Results
The Influenza A H1N1 pandemic group had higher tissue expression of IL-17A, higher neutrophil recruitment and shorter survival time between admission and death. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms conferred risk for pandemic influenza A H1N1, the AA genotype of rs3819025 G/A, the CC genotype of rs2241044 A/C, and the TT genotype of rs 2,241,043 C/T.

Conclusions
One IL17A polymorphism (rs381905) and two IL17RA polymorphisms (rs2241044 and rs2241043) represented biomarkers of worse prognosis in the population infected with pandemic influenza A H1N1. The greater tissue expression of IL-17A shows a Th17 polarization and highlights the aggressiveness of the pandemic influenza virus with its duality in the protection and pathogenesis of the pulmonary infectious process.
Bone char modification by iron to improve its capacity for adsorbing fluoride from an aqueous solution
Authors: Carrales-Alvarado Damarys Haydee , Jiménez-López Brenda Azharel , Leyva-Ramos Roberto , Medellín-Castillo Nahum Andrés , Mendoza-Mendoza Esmeralda , Vázquez-Mendoza Carolina , Villela-Martínez Diana Elizabeth 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHigh fluoride concentrations in groundwater have attracted great concern worldwide because many people are afflicted by fluorosis due to water consumption. In this work, the fluoride adsorption from water onto bone char (BC) modified with iron sulfate (BCM) was studied as an option for eliminating fluoride from drinking water. The experimental data for the adsorption equilibrium of fluoride on BCMs were procured in a batch adsorber. The synthesis conditions of BCMs were optimized for improving the adsorption capacity of BCMs, and the optimal BCM was designated as BCM2. The BCMs were characterized by different analytical techniques, the BCMs surface exhibited an irregular morphology and the chemical nature was basic, and the BCMs were mesoporous materials. The Langmuir isotherm satisfactorily interpreted the experimental data of the fluoride adsorption isotherms on BCMs. The basic sites of BC and BCMs were quantified and identified in this work. The main adsorption mechanism of fluoride on the BCMs was the electrostatic attraction between the fluoride and the basic sites of BCMs, and the adsorption capacities of BC and BCMs towards fluoride increased almost linearly with the concentration of basic sites so that the enhancement of the adsorption capacity of BCMs was attributed to the increase of basic sites during the modification. Furthermore, the BCM2 adsorption capacity was lessened by incrementing the pH from 5 to 9, and this behavior was ascribed to the reduction of the electrostatic attraction interactions between the BCM2 surface basic sites and fluoride in the solution. The adsorption process was endothermic because the adsorption capacities of BC and BCM2 toward fluoride were raised by incrementing the solution temperature from 15 to 35 °C. The BCM2 presented a high capacity for adsorbing fluoride of 14.4 mg g−1 at 25 °C and a pH of 5.