bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Would men who have sex with men support less frequent screening for asymptomatic chlamydia and gonorrhoea to improve antibiotic stewardship? A qualitative study
Authors: Wardley Amelia Margaret , Williams Henrietta , Coombe Jacqueline , Caddy Cassandra , Fairley Christopher Kincaid , Hocking Jane Simone 
Published: March 2023

Background Men who have sex with men (MSM) taking pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) are recommended to have screening for asymptomatic chlamydia and gonorrhoea every 3 months with high rates of asymptomatic chlamydia and gonorrhoea detected. However, there is little evidence about the effectiveness of this screening interval and there is increasing concern about antibiotic consumption and its impact on antimicrobial resistance. There have been calls to reconsider this frequent screening for chlamydia and gonorrhoea. We conducted interviews with MSM to assess their attitudes to 3-monthly chlamydia and gonorrhoea screening. Methods Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with MSM living in Victoria, Australia. Participants were aged 20–62 years and had been taking PrEP for at least 6 months. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed, and these data were investigated through reflexive thematic analysis. Results Thirteen interviews were conducted in August 2021. Participants were hesitant about reducing the screening frequency and reported that testing gave them a sense of security. While MSM recognised antimicrobial resistance was a concern, it did not impact their sexual behaviour, with many participants stating they would rather continue to take antibiotics to treat infections rather than adopt preventative measures such as condom use. Positive attitudes towards screening interval changes are more likely when PrEP patients are informed about the risks and benefits of sexual healthcare recommendations. Conclusion While MSM on PrEP were initially hesitant to changes in screening frequency, changes may be acceptable if transparent communication, presenting the benefits and harms of screening and treatment, was delivered by a trusted healthcare professional.
EMBER multidimensional spectral microscopy enables quantitative determination of disease- and cell-specific amyloid strains
Authors: Yang Hyunjun , Yuan Peng , Wu Yibing , Shi Marie , Caro Christoffer D. , Tengeiji Atsushi , Yamanoi Shigeo , Inoue Masahiro , DeGrado William F. , Condello Carlo 
Published: March 2023

In neurodegenerative diseases, proteins fold into amyloid structures with distinct conformations (strains) that are characteristic of different diseases. However, there is a need to rapidly identify amyloid conformations in situ. Here, we use machine learning on the full information available in fluorescent excitation/emission spectra of amyloid-binding dyes to identify six distinct different conformational strains in vitro, as well as amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits in different transgenic mouse models. Our EMBER (excitation multiplexed bright emission recording) imaging method rapidly identifies conformational differences in Aβ and tau deposits from Down syndrome, sporadic and familial Alzheimer’s disease human brain slices. EMBER has in situ identified distinct conformational strains of tau inclusions in astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons from Pick’s disease. In future studies, EMBER should enable high-throughput measurements of the fidelity of strain transmission in cellular and animal neurodegenerative diseases models, time course of amyloid strain propagation, and identification of pathogenic versus benign strains.
Microstructure and tensile strength of electrodeposited Fe-rich bcc FeCoNi medium-entropy alloys
Authors: Watanabe A. , Yamamoto T. , Miyamoto R. , Takigawa Y. 
Published: March 2023

Crystal grain refinement in high- and medium-entropy alloys is an effective approach to obtaining good strength as well as ductility. An FeCoNi medium-entropy alloy with a wide range of grain sizes was fabricated by electrodeposition. The alloy had a metastable bcc structure with Fe–36 at.% Co–21 at.% Ni composition and heterogeneous distribution of grain sizes ranging from 20 nm to 15 µm. Moreover, the alloy possessed a tensile strength of 1.2 GPa, and a fracture elongation of 6.3 % without secondary phase. The excellent mechanical properties of the alloy can be attributed to its bcc phase and heterogeneous grain sizes extending to the nanoscale. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Odd-parity perturbations in the most general scalar–vector–tensor theory
Authors: Rodríguez Baez Yolbeiker , Gonzalez-Espinoza Manuel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In the context of the most general scalar–vector–tensor theory, we study the stability of static spherically symmetric black holes under linear odd-parity perturbations. We calculate the action to second order in the linear perturbations to derive a master equation for these perturbations. For this general class of models, we obtain the conditions of no-ghost and Laplacian instability. Then, we study in detail the generalized Regge–Wheeler potential of particular cases to find their stability conditions.
Interpreting the cosmic history of the Universe through five-dimensional supergravity
Authors: Emam Moataz H , Salem Safinaz 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Through modeling the Universe as a symplectic 3-brane embedded in the bulk of

five-dimensional ungauged supergravity theory, the entire evolution of the Universe can be interpreted from inflation to late-time acceleration without introducing an inflaton nor a cosmological constant. The time dependence of the brane is strongly correlated to the complex structure moduli of the underlying Calabi–Yau submanifold and the bulk effects. The solutions to the field equations are found by exploiting the theory’s symplectic structure where the time evolution is similar to our Universe according to the latest data of the Planck mission. Our results present a new explanation for the nature of dark energy mainly based on the topology of the subspace and the existence of a fifth extra dimension.
High-order matrix method with delimited expansion domain
Authors: Lin Kai , Qian Wei-Liang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Motivated by the substantial instability of the fundamental and high-overtone quasinormal modes (QNMs), recent developments regarding the notion of black hole pseudospectrum call for numerical results with unprecedented precision. This work generalizes and improves the matrix method for black hole QNMs to higher orders, specifically aiming at a class of perturbations to the metric featured by discontinuity intimately associated with the QNM structural instability. The approach is based on the mock-Chebyshev grid, which guarantees its convergence in the degree of the interpolant. In practice, solving for black hole QNMs is a formidable task. The presence of discontinuity poses a further difficulty so that many well-known approaches cannot be employed straightforwardly. Compared with other viable methods, the modified matrix method is competent in speed and accuracy. Therefore, the method serves as a helpful gadget for relevant studies.
Filtering linear polarization converters based on multi-mode unit for harmonic suppression
Authors: Qiu Leilei , Fang Shuguang , Zhu Lei , Huang Shengxiang , Wu Yueyang , Deng Lianwen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this article, a class of filtering linear polarization converters based on a single quasi-single-layer triangular resonator unit is proposed. By loading the stub-line and slot lines, the degenerate modes of the single fundamental resonant mode of an isosceles right-angle patch are separated into two for a second-order filtering characteristic, and two additional resonant modes are then generated for the second conversion band. Attributed to the mixed electric and magnetic coupling in the coupling section of the loaded stub-line, several conversion zeros are introduced at the same time. As the contribution of this work, multiple resonant modes and conversion zeros can be independently controlled by the corresponding parameters, enabling second-order single- and dual-band response with multi-mode high selectivity side-band and harmonic rejection characteristics out-of-band. With the detailed analysis of the surface current and field distributions, the polarization conversion mechanisms are revealed. Finally, the single-band and dual-band linear polarization converters are processed, and the measured and simulated results are in good agreement. As expected, the two polarization converters show excellent filtering features, which is beneficial for improving modulation accuracy and avoiding unwanted electromagnetic interference in various applications of multi-passband and multi-functional metasurfaces.
A survey of patient contact shielding in dental teaching hospitals in the UK
Authors: Haworth S , Drage N 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A high volume of dental imaging is carried out each year. In the UK, guidance on the use of patient contact shielding for these investigations is published by the British Institute of Radiology (BIR) and in a document jointly produced by the Faculty of General Dental Practice and Public Health England (FGDP/PHE). Both these sources of guidance have been updated recently and patient contact shielding is no longer recommended for most imaging settings in dental radiology. It is unclear whether radiology departments at dental teaching hospitals in the UK are aware of these sources of guidance, and how this relates to clinical practice within these departments. A survey was carried out exploring the awareness of current guidelines and clinical practice at dental teaching hospitals in the UK. The survey was sent to a representative at 17 different dental teaching hospital radiology departments. Responses were received from 11 departments. The range of intra-oral and extra-oral imaging carried out at these departments was comparable. Ten departments were aware of the existence of national guidelines for patient contact shielding, however only four were specifically aware of the recent BIR guidelines and only four were specifically aware of the FGDP/PHE guidelines. No department was aware of both sets of guidelines. No departments used thyroid protection for bitewing, periapical, lower 45 degree occlusal, panoramic or lateral cephalometric radiographs. Six departments sometimes or always used thyroid protection for upper standard occlusal imaging. Two departments used thyroid protection for cone beam CT imaging. No departments routinely used lead aprons on patients for dental imaging. In conclusion, radiology departments at dental teaching hospitals in the UK do not use patient contact shielding for most imaging situations in dental radiology. There is mixed awareness of current national guidelines, but the reported clinical practice aligns well with the current guidelines.
Deep reactive ion etching of cylindrical nanopores in silicon for photonic crystals
Authors: Goodwin Melissa J , Harteveld Cornelis A M , de Boer Meint J , Vos Willem L 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Periodic arrays of deep nanopores etched in silicon by deep reactive ion etching are desirable structures for photonic crystals and other nanostructures for silicon nanophotonics. Previous studies focused on realizing as deep as possible nanopores with as high as possible aspect ratios. The resulting nanopores suffered from structural imperfections of the nanopores, such as mask undercut, uneven and large scallops, depth dependent pore radii and tapering. Therefore, our present focus is to realize nanopores that have as cylindrical as possible shapes, in order to obtain a better comparison of nanophotonic observations with theory and simulations. To this end in our 2-step Bosch process we have improved the mask undercut, the uneven scallops, pore widening and positive tapering by optimizing a plethora of parameters such as the etch step time, capacitively coupled plasma (ion energy) and pressure. To add further degrees of control, we implemented a 3-step DREM (deposit, remove, etch, multistep) process. Optimization of the etching process results in cylindrical nanopores with a diameter in the range between 280 and 500 nm and a depth around 7 μm, corresponding to high depth-to-diameter aspect ratios between 14 and 25, that are very well suited for the realization of silicon nanophotonic structures.
Preparation of ZIF-8/PAN composite nanofiber membrane and its application in acetone gas monitoring
Authors: Niu Ben , Zhai Zhenyu , Wang Jiaona , Li Congju 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Znic-based metal–organic framework materials (ZIF-8) show great potential and excellent performance in the fields of sensing and catalysis. However, powdered metal–organic framework makes it easy to lose in the process of application. Herein, we use a simple blending electrostatic spinning method to combine ZIF-8 particles with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers. ZIF-8/PAN composite nanofiber membrane. The ZIF-8/PAN nanofiber membrane is characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and N2 adsorption–desorption. The results show that the ZIF-8/PAN nanofiber membrane has the characteristic peaks of XRD and FTIR, which are consistent with those of simulated ZIF-8. The specific surface area of ZIF-8/PAN nanofiber membrane increases from 13.5371 to 711.4171 m2 g−1 due to the introduction of ZIF-8 particles. The sensor using the nanofiber membrane as the gas sensing layer shows good response and linear correlation to different concentrations of acetone gas. The minimum detection limit of the sensor for acetone is 51.9 ppm. The blank control shows that the response of the sensor to acetone is mainly due to the introduction of ZIF-8 particles. In addition, the sensor also shows a good cyclic response to acetone.
Extremely high frequency Schottky diodes based on single GaN nanowires
Authors: Shugurov K Yu , Mozharov A M , Fedorov V V , Blokhin S A , Neplokh V V , Mukhin I S 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Gallium nitride (GaN) is one of the most promising materials for high-frequency devices owing to its prominent material properties. We report on the fabrication and study of a series of Schottky diodes in the ground-signal-ground topology based on individual GaN nanowires. The electrical characterization of I–V curves demonstrated relatively high ideality factor value (about 6–9) in comparison to the planar Au/GaN diodes that can be attributed to the nanowire geometry. The effective barrier height in the studied structures was defined in the range of 0.25–0.4 eV. The small-signal frequency analysis was employed to study the dependency of the scattering parameters in the broad range from 0.1 to 40 GHz. The approximation fitting of the experimental data indicated the record high cutoff frequency of about 165.8 GHz.
Spectral techniques and mathematical aspects of K
4 chain graph
Authors: Yan Tao , Kosar Zunaira , Aslam Adnan , Zaman Shahid , Ullah Asad 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The resistance distance between any two vertices of a connected graph is defined as the net effective resistance between them. An electrical network can be constructed from a graph by replacing each edge with a unit resistor. Resistance distances are computed by methods of the theory of resistive electrical networks (based on Ohm’s and Kirchhoff’s laws). The standard method to compute resistance distance is via the Moore-Penrose generalized inverse of the Laplacian matrix of the underlying graph G. In this article, we used the electric network approach and the combinatorial approach, to derive the exact expression for resistance distances between any two vertices of the



4

n

ring model. By employing a recursive connection, firstly we determined all the eigenvalues and their multiplicities in relation to the corresponding Laplacian and normalised matrices. Secondly, we obtained the Kirchhoff index and multiplicative degree Kirchhoff index for



4

n

. Finally, we calculated the mean first passage time and Kemeny constant of



4

n

. Our computed results provide a comprehensive approach for exploring random walks on complex networks, especially biased random walks, which may also help to better understand and tackle some practical problems such as search and routing on networks.
Spin-charge-coupled transverse resistance in an ambipolar conductor YH2-based Hall-bar structure with perpendicularly magnetized current-injection electrodes
Authors: Sato Kaname , Takahashi Yutaro , Akisato Shujiro , Mikami Ryota , Suganuma Nao , Ashizawa Yugo , Kawaguchi Hayate , Nakajima Yoshikata , Ukai Tomofumi , Fuji Yasuhiko , Hanajiri Tatsuro , Kaneko Junya , Nakamura Osamu , Van Thach Pham , Awano Hiroyuki , Hasegawa Shigehiko , Sakai Masamichi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Spin-charge (SC) coupling is crucial in spintronics and the coupling mechanisms can be classified into bulk characteristic via spin-orbit interaction (SOI) or the interfacial characteristic provided by a junction formed by magnetic and nonmagnetic conductors. The two types of SC couplings account for the transverse resistance (TR) in a planer channel subjected to out-of-plane-polarized spin current injection. This is because interfacial spin-accumulation induces the diffusive transport of spin-angular momentum, which is converted into transverse charge accumulation via SOI. We explore the SC coupling characteristics of a lateral junction consisting of (i) a rare-earth transition metal (RE-TM) ferrimagnet with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and (ii) a compensated metal, YH2, where electrons and holes simultaneously participate in spin and charge transports. This set-up allows us to observe the TR, which mirrors the magnetization of the RE-TM employed as the current-source electrode in the planer Hall-bar structure. The results show that the inverse spin Hall effect contributes significantly to the TR. Along with the TR measurement, we formulate a minimal expression of the TR when out-of-plane-polarized electron and hole spin currents are injected from the magnetic electrode. Since this formulation is independent of the details of the SC coupling mechanism, it is applied to interpret the observation result to reveal the SC coupling characteristics of the RE-TM and YH2 set-up.
Extending the low-recycling, flat temperature profile regime in the lithium tokamak experiment-β (LTX-β) with ohmic and neutral beam heating
Authors: Boyle D.P. , Anderson J. , Banerjee S. , Bell R.E. , Capecchi W. , Elliott D.B. , Hansen C. , Kubota S. , LeBlanc B.P. , Maan A. , Maingi R. , Majeski R. , Menard J.E. , Oliva S. , Rhodes T. , Soukhanovskii V. , Zakharov L. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Recent experiments in the lithium tokamak experiment-β (LTX-β) have extended the duration, performance, operating conditions, and diagnosis of the flat-temperature profile, low-recycling regime first observed in LTX. As expected, Li retains hydrogen and suppresses edge neutral cooling, allowing increased edge electron temperature, roughly equal to the core T
e. Flat temperature profiles had been obtained transiently in LTX, as the plasma density decayed following the cessation of edge gas puffing. Careful control over the fueling in LTX-β has now been shown to sustain the flat T
e profile and hot edge unique to the low-recycling regime for multiple confinement times in high performance discharges with decaying or steady density. With low density, the flat T
e profile is also seen to extend into the scrape-off layer. Neutral beam heating is observed in target discharges with relatively flat electron temperature profiles (T
edge ∼ T
core/2), though beam heating is stronger in discharges with higher fueling, higher density, and depressed edge T
e. Beam heating produces additional peaking of the T
e profile, without degradation of the energy confinement time. Neutral beam heating of target discharges with relatively flat electron temperature profiles similarly results in broad beam heated temperature profiles. Energy confinement in LTX-β generally compares favorably to ohmic and H-mode scalings, frequently exceeding them by factors of 2–4. New and improved diagnostics in LTX-β enable better characterization of this unique regime, including measurements of ion temperature and high field side Thomson scattering profiles. As an initial step toward characterizing turbulence with no T
e gradient and roughly equal density and pressure gradient, core fluctuation spectra have been measured in peaked T
e discharges using far-forward scattering and fluctuation reflectometry.
Influence of ICRF-NBI synergy on fast ion distribution and plasma performance in second harmonic heating experiments with deuterium NBI at EAST
Authors: Zhang W. , Zhu G.-H. , Zhang X.-J. , Zhong G.-Q. , Ai L. , Chu Y.-Q. , Fan T.-S. , Fan H.-C. , Guo Y.-Y. , Hao B.-L. , Huang J. , Jin Y.-F. , Liu L.-N. , Liao L.-Y. , Li Y.-H. , Liang Q.-C. , Sun Y.-X. , Wang G. X. , Yang D.-K. , Yang H. , Zhang H.-P. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies (ICRF) heating and Neutral Beam Injection (NBI) can have synergy due to the acceleration of NBI beam ions by ICRF wave fields at their harmonics. To understand the influence of ICRF-NBI synergy on fast ion distribution and plasma performance, dedicated experiments and TRANSP simulations have been carried out on EAST. The simulation results are consistent with the experimental results. They show that the ICRF-NBI synergy not only accelerates the NBI beam ions with energy lower than 80 keV to energy larger than 300 keV, but also generates fusion neutrons with energy larger than 3 MeV. Moreover, ICRF-NBI synergy improves the plasma performance by increasing the poloidal beta, plasma stored energy, core ion temperature, total neutron yield and kinetic pressure. In a typical H-mode plasma with 1.0 MW NBI and 1.5 MW ICRF power, it was observed that ICRF-NBI synergy increases the poloidal beta, plasma stored energy, core ion temperature and neutron yield by ∼35%, 33%, 22% and 80%, respectively. Various parameter scans show that the ICRF-NBI synergetic effects can be enhanced by decreasing the minority ion concentration or the distance between the harmonic resonance and magnetic axis, or by increasing the ICRF heating power or NBI beam energy. Consequently, this leads to a generation of fast ions with higher energy. For instance, the maximum energy of the fast ion tail increases from 300 to 600 keV as n(H) decreases from 5% to 0.1%.