bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Voigt transmission windows in optically thick atomic vapours: a method to create single-peaked line centre filters
Authors: Briscoe Jack D , Logue Fraser D , Pizzey Danielle , Wrathmall Steven A , Hughes Ifan G 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Cascading light through two thermal vapour cells has been shown to improve the performance of atomic filters that aim to maximise peak transmission over a minimised bandpass window. In this paper, we explore the atomic physics responsible for the operation of the second cell, which is situated in a transverse (Voigt) magnetic field and opens a narrow transmission window in an optically thick atomic vapour. By assuming transitions with Gaussian line shapes and magnetic fields sufficiently large to access the hyperfine Paschen–Back regime, the window is modelled by resolving the two transitions closest to line centre. We discuss the validity of this model and perform an experiment which demonstrates the evolution of a naturally abundant Rb transmission window as a function of magnetic field. The model results in a significant reduction in two-cell parameter space, which we use to find theoretical optimised cascaded line centre filters for Na, K, Rb and Cs across both D lines. With the exception of Cs, these all have a better figure of merit than comparable single cell filters in literature. Most noteworthy is a Rb-D2 filter which outputs

>

92
%

of light through a single peak at line centre, with maximum transmission 0.71 and a width of 330 MHz at half maximum.
Impact of thermal oxidation uniformity on 150 mm GaAs- and Ge-substrate VCSELs
Authors: Gillgrass S J , Allford C P , Peach T , Baker J , Johnson A D , Davies J I , Joel A M , Shutts S , Smowton P M 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) devices and arrays are increasingly important in meeting the demands of today’s wireless communication and sensing systems. Understanding the origin of non-uniform wet thermal oxidation across large-area VCSEL wafers is a crucial issue to ensure highly reliable, volume-manufactured oxide-confined VCSEL devices. As VCSEL wafer diameters approach 200 mm, germanium (Ge) is emerging as an alternative substrate solution. To this end, we investigate the uniformity of 940 nm-emitting VCSEL performance across 150 mm diameter GaAs- and Ge-substrates, comparing the oxidation method in each case. Nominally identical epitaxial structures are used to evaluate the strain induced wafer bow for each substrate type with Ge exhibiting a reduction of over 100 μm in the peak-to-valley distortion when compared with GaAs. This wafer bow is found to be the principal cause of centre-to-edge oxidation non-uniformity when utilising a conduction-heated chuck furnace, in comparison to a convection-heated tube furnace. Using on-wafer testing of threshold current, differential resistance, and emission wavelength, device performance is demonstrated for the first time across a 150 mm Ge wafer, and is shown to be comparable to performance on GaAs substrates, when the effects of oxidation uniformity are removed. These results provide evidence that there is a realistic path to manufacturing high yield VCSELs, over wafer diameters approaching those used in Si-photonics, via Ge substrates.
Experimental study on the underwater DC arc behaviors regulated by an external transverse magnetic field
Authors: Ke Qichen , Wu Yi , He Hailong , Dong Shaolun , Xiao Yu , Jiang Fengfeng , Niu Chunping , Rong Mingzhe 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
An arc discharge in water can generate extremely high voltage, which has great potential to be used in DC fault protection. The voltage characteristic is closely related to the arc behaviors. However, due to the complexity of the gas–liquid mixed environment, the arc shape is difficult to observe directly. In this letter, an observation device is specially designed and underwater arc motion with millisecond-scale duration is clearly photographed. The corresponding relationship between the arc behaviors and the varied voltage is revealed. Additionally, the random behaviors of underwater arc are controlled stably by applying an external transverse magnetic field. The enhanced cooling mechanism and the directional arc motion characteristics are discussed. We demonstrate that fast elongation of the arc column and continuous heat exchange between phase surfaces are the keys to realizing a rapid increase of underwater arc voltage.
Hadron gas in the presence of a magnetic field using non-extensive statistics: a transition from diamagnetic to paramagnetic system
Authors: Pradhan Girija Sankar , Sahu Dushmanta , Deb Suman , Sahoo Raghunath 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Non-central heavy-ion collisions at ultra-relativistic energies are unique in producing magnetic fields of the largest strength in the laboratory. Such fields being produced at the early stages of the collision could affect the properties of Quantum Chromodynamics matter formed in the relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The transient magnetic field leaves its reminiscence, which in principle, can affect the thermodynamic and transport properties of the final state dynamics of the system. In this work, we study the thermodynamic properties of a hadron gas in the presence of an external static magnetic field using a thermodynamically consistent non-extensive Tsallis distribution function. Various thermodynamical observables such as energy density (ϵ), entropy density (s), pressure (P) and speed of sound (c
s) are studied. Investigation of magnetization (M) is also performed and this analysis reveals an interplay of diamagnetic and paramagnetic nature of the system in the presence of a magnetic field of varying strength. Further, to understand the system dynamics under equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions, the effect of the non-extensive parameter (q) on the above observables is also studied.
The role of isotope mass and transport for H-mode access in tritium containing plasmas at JET with ITER-like wall
Authors: Birkenmeier G , Solano E R , Carvalho I S , Hillesheim J C , Delabie E , Lerche E , Taylor D , Gallart D , Mantsinen M J , Silva C , Angioni C , Ryter F , Carvalho P , Fontana M , Pawelec E , Silburn S A , Sirén P , Aleiferis S , Bernardo J , Boboc A , Douai D , Puglia P , Jacquet P , Litherland-Smith E , Jepu I , Kos D , Sun H J , Shaw A , King D , Viola B , Henriques R , Kirov K K , Baruzzo M , Garcia J , Hakola A , Huber A , Joffrin E , Keeling D , Kappatou A , Lennholm M , Lomas P , de la Luna E , Maggi C F , Mailloux J , Maslov M , Rimini F G , Vianello N , Verdoolaege G , Weisen H , Wischmeier M ,   JET Contributors
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The required heating power,

P

LH

, to access the high confinement regime (H-mode) in tritium containing plasmas is investigated in JET with ITER-like wall at a toroidal magnetic field of

B
t

=
1.8

T and a plasma current of

I
p

=
1.7

MA.

P

LH

, also referred to as the L-H power threshold, is determined in plasmas of pure tritium as well as mixtures of hydrogen with tritium (H-T) and mixtures of deuterium with tritium (D-T), and is compared to the L-H power threshold in plasmas of pure hydrogen and pure deuterium. It is found that, for otherwise constant parameters,

P

LH

is not the same in plasmas with the same effective isotope mass,

A

eff

, when they differ in their isotope composition. Thus,

A

eff

is not sufficient to describe the isotope effect of

P

LH

in a consistent manner for all considered isotopes and isotope mixtures. The electron temperature profiles measured at the L-H transition in the outer half of the radius are very similar for all isotopes and isotope mixtures, despite the fact that the L-H power threshold varies by a factor of about six. This finding, together with the observation of an offset linear relation between the L-H power threshold,

P

LH

, and an effective heat diffusivity,

χ

eff

, indicates that the composition-dependent heat transport in the low confinement mode (L-mode) determines, how much power is needed to reach the necessary electron temperatures at the edge, and hence

P

LH

.
Analytic MHD equilibria for rotating plasmas with X-points and elongation, triangularity and squareness control
Authors: Farengo R 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The MHD equilibrium equation that describes plasmas rotating in the toroidal direction is solved using the Solov’ev ansatz. The equilibria have 2 X-points and the shape of the plasma can be controlled by fixing the values of the aspect ratio, elongation, triangularity, squareness and curvature at the equatorial points. The plasma current, total β and Mach number can be also specified. Examples of equilibria with positive and negative triangularity and different values of the squareness and Mach number are presented.
On real and complex dynamical models with hidden attractors and their synchronization
Authors: Abed-Elhameed Tarek M , Mahmoud Gamal M , Ahmed Mansour E 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this work, we propose three chaotic (or hyperchaotic) models. These models are real or complex with one stable equilibrium point (hidden attractor). Based on a modified Sprott E model, three versions were introduced: the complex integer order, the real fractional order, and the complex fractional order. The basic properties of these models have been studied. We discover that the complex integer-order version has chaotic and hyperchaotic multi-scroll hidden attractors (MSHAs) by computing Lyapunov exponents (LEs). By making a small change to a model parameter, different MSHA values can be produced for this version. The dynamics of the real fractional version are investigated through a bifurcation diagram and LEs. It has chaotic hidden attractors for various fractional-order q values. Through varying the model parameters of the complex fractional-order (FO) version, different numbers of chaotic MSHAs can be generated. Due to the complex dynamic behaviours of the MSHAs, these models may have several applications in physics, secure communications, social relations and image encryption. A new kind of combination synchronization (CS) between one integer-order drive model and two FO response models with different dimensions is proposed. The tracking control method is used to investigate a scheme for this type of synchronization. As an example, we used our three models to test the validity of this scheme, and an agreement between the analytical and numerical results was found.
Fractional circuit network theory with n-V-structure
Authors: Luo Xiao-lian , Tan Zhi-Zhong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper studies a class of circuit network model with fractional n-V-structure, the model contains several independent resistance elements, so it is the topology of multiple network models. First, this paper calculates the equivalent resistance of n-V circuit network by constructing equivalent model, and gives two closed equivalent resistance analytic expressions. Additionally, the concept of negative resistance is put forward. A series of special results of equivalent resistance are discussed. Finally, the complex impedance characteristics of fractional n-V structure circuit networks are studied in detail by using variable substitution technique. The amplitude frequency characteristics and phase frequency characteristics of fractional n-V structure circuit network are revealed through Matlab drawing research.
Information loss and run time from practical application of quantum data compression
Authors: Patel Saahil , Collis Benjamin , Duong William , Koch Daniel , Cutugno Massimiliano , Wessing Laura , Alsing Paul 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We examine information loss, resource costs, and run time from practical application of quantum data compression. Compressing quantum data to fewer qubits enables efficient use of resources, as well as applications for quantum communication and denoising. In this context, we provide a description of the quantum and classical components of the hybrid quantum autoencoder algorithm, implemented using IBMs Qiskit language. Utilizing our own data sets, we encode bitmap images as quantum superposition states, which correspond to linearly independent vectors with density matrices of discrete values. We successfully compress this data with near-lossless compression using simulation, and then run our algorithm on an IBMQ quantum chip. We describe conditions and run times for training and compressing our data on quantum devices, and relate trainability to specific characteristics and performance metrics of our parametric quantum circuits.
Production of
dibaryon in kaon induced reactions*
Authors: Liu Jing , Lü Qi-Fang , Liu Chun-Hua , Chen Dian-Yong , Dong Yu-Bing 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we propose to investigate the

dibaryon production in the

process by utilizing a kaon beam with a typical momentum of approximately 10 GeV, which may be available at COMPASS, OKA@U-70, and SPS@CERN. The cross sections for

are estimated, and in particular, the magnitude of the cross sections is evaluated to be several hundred nanobarns at

GeV. Considering that the

dibaryon dominantly decays into

and

, we also estimate the cross sections for

and

, where the

dibaryon can be observed in the invariant mass distributions of

and

, respectively.
Preface
Authors: DezhiNing  
Published: March 2023

Since its inception in 2020, EMETconferences (International Conference on Energy Material and Energy Technology) were successfully held for last three years, online (2020, 2021, 2022), attracted delegates from a lot of countries and regions including China, Australia, Poland, Slovenia andJapan. As an annual international conference, EMET aims at being a fast and efficient platform for researchers and scholars worldwide to discuss recent developments in the area of Energy Material and Energy Technology.
The Third International Conference on Energy Material and Energy Technology (EMET 2022) was scheduled to be held in Sanya, China. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the meeting had to be changed from onsite to online during December 9-10, 2022 for academic exchanges & discussions.
There were about 30 experts and scholars attending the conference. Three sessions were included: keynote speeches, oral presentations and poster presentations, covering a wide range of Energy Material and Energy Technology. There were 3 keynote speakers, 6 oral presenters and 13 poster presenter sharing their latest research results and ideas with the audience. Details about the presentations can be found in the Conference Overview part.
This conference proceeding included 17 accepted articles selected from 33 submissions, all the papers have been through rigorous review and process to meet the requirements of International publication standard. We would like to express our gratitude to the reviewers of these manuscripts, who provided constructive criticism and stimulated comments and suggestions to the authors.We are extremely grateful as organizers, technical program committee and editors and extend our most sincere thanks to all the authors for their excellent contribution and work. Our sincere gratitude also goes to the IOP Publishing editors and managers for their helpful cooperation during the preparation of the proceeding.
On behalf of the Organizing Committees of EMET2022.
List of Technical Program Committee are available in this pdf.
Life cycle assessment of a PEMFC-based distributed energy system for hotel application
Authors: Jiangyi Mu , Yi Xia , Zhenxi Ma 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Hydrogen fuel cell can not only generate electricity efficiently, but also provide a large amount of thermal energy by recovering the waste heat of the fuel cell stack. This study proposed a PEMFC-based distributed energy systems (PEMFC-DES) containing of input energy, PEMFC-based combined cooling, heating and power (PEMFC-CCHP) system and building loads. The performances of energy, environment, economics of the proposed system are investigated through life cycle assessment (LCA) under different hydrogen-electricity contribution rates (RH
), hydrogen production methods and hydrogen gas prices. The results show that the hydrogen production method has a greater impact on primary energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. At RH
= 1.0, the greenhouse gas emission of coal-to-hydrogen is 2.1 times higher than that of the baseline system. The life cycle primary energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of the wind-to-hydrogen are the smallest at RH
= 1, which are 85.14% and 87.64% lower than that of the baseline system respectively. Additionally, when the hydrogen price is lower than 20 CNY/kg, the total life cycle cost is lower than that of the baseline system.
Resolution limit revisited: community detection using generalized modularity density
Authors: Guo Jiahao , Singh Pramesh , Bassler Kevin E 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Various attempts have been made in recent years to solve the resolution limit (RL) problem in community detection by considering variants of modularity in the detection algorithms. These objective functions purportedly largely mitigate the RL problem and are preferable to modularity in many realistic scenarios. However, they are not generally suitable for analyzing weighted networks or for detecting hierarchical community structure. RL problems can be complicated, though, and in particular it can be unclear when it should be considered as problem. In this paper, we introduce an objective function that we call generalized modularity density Q

g
. Q

g
has a tunable parameter χ that enables structure to be resolved at any desired scale. Rather than being a problem, the scale associated with the RL can be used as a tool for finding hierarchical structure by varying χ. The definition of Q

g
is easily extended to study weighted networks. We also propose a benchmark test to quantify the RL problem, examine various modularity-like objective functions to show that Q

g
performs best, and demonstrate that it can be used to identify modular structure in real-world and artificial networks that is otherwise hidden.
36 Older Surgical Patients Pathway: Improving Care for Frail Older People in General Surgery
Authors: Lockwood R , Skinner P , Grady S , Henderson F , Lander R 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
The Older Surgical Patients Pathway (OSPP) was established in 2014 and aims to improve care for frail older people on General Surgery (GS) wards at Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHSFT (STH) by delivering consultant-led Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA). The OSPP team proactively review frail, surgical patients 75 years or older.

Introduction
Patients over 75 account for 10% of admissions in GS at STH, occupying 33% of bed-nights (14,000/year, costing approximately £4.2 M). They may present a challenge to surgical staff due to multiple co-morbidities, cognitive or mental capacity concerns, leaving them vulnerable to clinical decompensation, with subsequent increased health and care needs. Geriatrician input prior to 2014 was ad hoc and reactive. OSPP was developed to improve and co-ordinate care in this vulnerable group.

Methods
The project team consisted of surgeon, geriatrician, senior nurse with service improvement expertise and data analyst. Stakeholder events were held to raise awareness and target interventions.
Through regular review of outcomes with iterative testing and service redesign, the main interventions have been:
• Introduction of a frailty screening tool.
• Embed a geriatrician into the colorectal unit, providing clinical review and leadership.
• Establish regular, frequent multidisciplinary team meetings.
• Use of eWhiteboard.
• Training for multiple professions in geriatrics and general surgery.
• Gather objective (see table) and subjective outcome measures (staff survey and Foundation Programme feedback).
• Access to CGA for all over 70 year olds who have undergone emergency laparotomy.

Results
The OSPP team review approximately 200 frail older patients per year in detail. The objective results, compared to baseline data from 2014, are in the table.
The reduction in LoS equates to a saving of 700 bed-nights (at £300/bed-night, a total financial saving of £210 k) over 5 years. Thirty six more patients are returned to usual place of residence per annum. Multiple staff groups on the colorectal unit have greater awareness of frailty and its consequences and more than 150 junior doctors have received extra support and training in this area.

Conclusions
OSPP has improved quality of care for frail older people in general surgery in Sheffield in both objective and subjective measures. This template could be used to replicate this service in other surgical specialities with a large cohort of frail older patients.
An interactive e-learning module on peripheral blood smear analysis is an effective option for teaching pathology trainees
Authors: Moore Margaret E , Courville Elizabeth L , Prakash Sonam , Brown Laura E , Beck Rose C , Qualtieri Julie N , Siddon Alexa J , Wake Laura M 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objectives
This study compares the effectiveness of an interactive e-learning module with a traditional text-based method for teaching peripheral blood smear analysis.

Methods
Pathology trainees at Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education residency programs were asked to participate. Participants completed a multiple-choice test on peripheral blood smear findings. Trainees were randomized into completing an e-learning module or a PDF reading exercise with the same educational content. Respondents rated their experience and completed a postintervention test composed of the same questions.

Results
In total, 28 participants completed the study; 21 improved their score in the posttest (mean, 21.6 correct answers) compared with the pretest (19.8; P &lt; .001). This improvement was seen in both the PDF (n = 19) and interactive (n = 9) groups, with no difference in performance between the 2 groups. Trainees with less clinical hematopathology experience showed a trend of having the largest performance improvement. Most participants completed the exercise within 1 hour, rated the exercise as easy to navigate, were engaged, and reported learning new information about peripheral blood smear analysis. All participants indicated that they would likely complete a similar exercise in the future.

Conclusions
This study suggests that e-learning is an effective tool for hematopathology education and equivalent to traditional narrative-based methods. This module could easily be incorporated into a curriculum.