bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Employers Mean When They Talk About Language Proficiency: a Civic Integration Policy Meets the Importance of Informal Skills
Authors: Kindt Marianne Takvam , Bjørnset Mathilde 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn 2013, a Norwegian language test was made mandatory for immigrants participating in the Norwegian Introduction Programme (NIP). The rationale behind the law was that documented test scores would allow employers to better evaluate these jobseekers’ language skills, thereby helping reduce the employment gap between the immigrant and majority population. However, although previous research has found that mandated language classes have only a modest, if any, effect on labour force participation, a Norwegian study has identified a positive correlation between high scores on the Norwegian test and the probability of being employed. Whether this correlation is a result of the test diploma is, however, uncertain. In this paper, we investigate how employers in private, mostly service-oriented industries make use of the information they get through this documentation. Based on a unique linkage of two types of data sources—a survey experiment and interviews with employers—we find that the Norwegian test does not signal good Norwegian skills more clearly than a candidate’s self-assessment of their language level. We argue that this is related to a mismatch between the policy instrument’s focus on enhancing immigrants’ formal skills, on the one hand, and employers’ valuation of informal skills, on the other. We discuss these findings in light of notions about cultural cloning and homosocial reproduction. Rather than drawing on theories of discrimination to understand employers’ evaluations of immigrant job applicants, as is often done, we treat the test as an example of a larger societal change, the “civic turn”.
Students' goal orientations and their perceived peer relationships
Authors: Wolgast Anett , Keller-Schneider Manuela 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe perception of positive social interactions is important for positive experiences in heterogeneous groups, cultural diversity and inclusion in educational contexts. Based on social-cognitive theories, findings on motivation in school are available from numerous studies. However, only few studies focus on longitudinal relationships between students’ mastery vs performance goal orientations and their later perception of peer relationships in school. Aim of the current research was to clarify the extent to which reciprocal effects exist between students’ mastery vs performance goal orientation and their perception of peer relationships. To test the assumed reciprocal effects, data from 204 primary school students (on average 11 years of age) of the longitudinal study RUMBA-S in Switzerland were analyzed using cross-lag structural-equation modeling. The results suggest a statistically significant effect of the students' mastery goal orientation on their later positive perception of peer relationships, but not vice versa. Thus, no other and no reciprocal relationships exist. Performance goal orientation is related to the perception of peer relationships. The results highlight the importance of students’ mastery goal orientation for their academic and social learning.
Twenty thousand leagues under plant biominerals: a deep learning implementation for automatic phytolith classification
Authors: Andriopoulou Nafsika C. , Petrakis Georgios , Partsinevelos Panagiotis 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPhytoliths constitute microscopic SiO2-rich biominerals formed in the cellular system of many living plants and are often preserved in soils, sediments and artefacts. Their analysis contributes significantly to the identification and study of botanical remains in (paleo)ecological and archaeological contexts. Traditional identification and classification of phytoliths rely on human experience, and as such, an emerging challenge is to automatically classify them to enhance data homogeneity among researchers worldwide and facilitate reliable comparisons. In the present study, a deep artificial neural network (NN) is implemented under the objective to detect and classify phytoliths, extracted from modern wheat (Triticum spp.). The proposed methodology is able to recognise four phytolith morphotypes: (a) Stoma, (b) Rondel, (c) Papillate, and (d) Elongate dendritic. For the learning process, a dataset of phytolith photomicrographs was created and allocated to training, validation and testing data groups. Due to the limited size and low diversity of the dataset, an end-to-end encoder-decoder NN architecture is proposed, based on a pre-trained MobileNetV2, utilised for the encoder part and U-net, used for the segmentation stage. After the parameterisation, training and fine-tuning of the proposed architecture, it is capable to classify and localise the four classes of phytoliths in unknown images with high unbiased accuracy, exceeding 90%. The proposed methodology and corresponding dataset are quite promising for building up the capacity of phytolith classification within unfamiliar (geo)archaeological datasets, demonstrating remarkable potential towards automatic phytolith analysis.
Impact of the new ultra-high sensitivity mode in a long axial field-of-view PET/CT
Authors: Mingels Clemens , Weidner Sabine , Sari Hasan , Buesser Dorothee , Zeimpekis Konstantinos , Shi Kuangyu , Alberts Ian , Rominger Axel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective
Long axial field-of-view (LAFOV) PET/CT showed improved performance resulting from higher sensitivity. The aim was to quantify the impact of using the full acceptance angle (UHS) in image reconstructions with the Biograph Vision Quadra LAFOV PET/CT (Siemens Healthineers) compared to the limited acceptance angle (high sensitivity mode, HS).

Methods
38 oncological patients examined on a LAFOV Biograph Vision Quadra PET/CT were analysed. 15 patients underwent [18F]FDG-PET/CT, 15 patients underwent [18F]PSMA-1007 PET/CT, and 8 patients underwent [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC PET/CT. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and standardised uptake values (SUVmean/max/peak) were used to compare UHS and HS with different acquisition times.

Results
The SNR was significantly higher for UHS compared to HS over all acquisition times (SNR UHS/HS [18F]FDG: 1.35 ± 0.02, p < 0.001; [18F]PSMA-1007: 1.25 ± 0.02, p < 0.001; [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC: 1.29 ± 0.02, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
UHS showed significantly higher SNR opening the possibility of halving short acquisition times. This is of advantage in further reduction of whole-body PET/CT acquisition.
Unwanted Ingredients—Highly Specific and Sensitive Method for the Extraction and Quantification of PFAS in Everyday Foods
Authors: Roberts Joanne , McNaughtan Moyra , de las Heras Prieto Hector 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPerfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) are anthropogenic substances and can only come from polluted sources. There are many classes of PFAS which can be transformed to perfluoalkyl carboxylic acids and perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids in the environment. Once they are in this form, they are environmentally mobile and extremely stable with half-lives of decades. These compounds are not innocuous and are implicated in causing many different diseases. In this publication, a method for the extraction and quantitation of perflurocarboxylic acids and perfluorosulfonic acids, using high-resolution liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HRMS), is evaluated. A QuEChERS extraction method was performed on tomatoes, strawberries and milk purchased from different supermarkets on different days. Recoveries from milk and tomatoes were between 80 and 120%. Matrix effects were significant for strawberries and tomatoes and stable isotope internal standards were required to compensate. PFBA was found in all 3 food types. The total PFAS was 0.68 ng g−1 in milk, 0.20 ng g−1 in strawberries and 0.36 ng g−1 in tomatoes. This study demonstrates the importance of using a robust analytical method to investigate the PFAS content of complex food matrices and in particular the contribution of short-chain PFAS to overall dietary consumption.
Tandem Triacylglycerol (TAG) and PCA Adulteration Detection Approach for Avocado Oil
Authors: Green Hilary S. , Wang Selina C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTraditional methods used to determine oil purity like fatty acids and sterols are time consuming and chemically wasteful; standards that utilize these methods require a large set of samples to cover natural variables to establish upper and/or lower limits for each compound. Due to this, it can be challenging to determine the purity of newer products on the market, like avocado oil, when standards have not yet been fully developed. Triacylglycerol analysis in tandem with principal component analysis (PCA) differs from these tradition methods; standard ranges for each triacylglycerol are not needed to determine purity. This study built on our earlier work on olive oil but used laboratory-made avocado oils accounting for a wide range of natural variables to measure avocado oil triacylglycerols and apply PCA to detect adulteration in avocado oil. This method had the same purity determination accuracy as traditional fatty acid and sterol methods, while being less time consuming, producing less chemical waste, easier to perform than the original methods with the added advantage that it can be utilized immediately by industry while official standards are still being developed.
Learning to Become Professional in Policing: From Artisan to Professional
Authors: Ryan Cheryl , Ollis Tracey 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis qualitative narrative research was conducted with an Australian police jurisdiction. The paper draws on practice theory to interpret the narratives of a group of traditionally trained police officers’ perceptions of policing practices, professional practice, learning and professionalism within the context of police professionalisation. Thirty-six police officers from various ranks, including senior management, participated in semi-structured interviews. Many police officers’ understanding of professional practice and learning is centred on technique, technical knowledge, image, uniform, and reputation. Our research reveals, the practices of police are embedded in the discursive practices of policing and the institutional constraints of the organisation, that maintain and perpetuate past stories contrary to the agenda to professionalise policing. The research is set in the broader context of national and international agendas driving the professionalisation of policing which sits alongside prevailing conceptions of policing as a craft or trade, learned on-the-job, and police officers as artisans.
The Role of Verbal Peer Feedback in the Police: A Scoping Review
Authors: Dahl Olav , Damen Marie-Louise , Bjørkelo Brita , Meling Camilla Pellegrini , Jensen Magnus Rom 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPolice officers, like other professionals, need to develop their competence and skills in correspondence with society. Peer feedback has been proven to significantly affect learning in the educational setting, and colleagues are seen as significant for the learning process in organizations. However, there seems to be little systematic knowledge concerning how verbal peer feedback affects police officers in workplace learning programs, and which elements affect this feedback. This review aims to fill this gap by analyzing 20 studies selected based on Arksey & O’Malley’s methodological framework. Findings show that police officers’ performance, motivation, and job satisfaction effectively can be improved using verbal peer feedback. It also shows some workplace conditions and factors management and feedback actors should consider when organizing for and conducting feedback. Lastly, it shows that much of the research conducted within the educational sector also is valid for police workplace learning programs. However, further research is needed, especially concerning the relationship between police peers.
Drivers of consumer’s willingness to pay for fair trade food products: the role of positive and negative emotions
Authors: Fernández-Ferrín Pilar , Castro-González Sandra , Bande Belén , Galán-Ladero M. Mercedes 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes an explanatory model of the intention to pay for fair trade food products based on the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) theory. The research aims are to test the effects of general attitudes toward sustainable food products on the valuation of fair-trade food products, to study the effects of emotions on willingness to pay for fair trade food products and to analyse the mediating role of product evaluation and emotions. The proposed model was tested using an ordinary least squares estimation and an analysis combining the properties of parallel and serial mediation on a representative sample of 305 consumers in the Basque Country (Spain). Descriptive analyses indicate that respondents had a favourable attitude toward sustainable products and positively valued fair trade products. The willingness to pay was moderate. The results show the importance of emotions, especially pride, in transforming attitudes toward sustainable food products into a willingness to pay for fair trade food products. This study links the more general literature on sustainable products to that of fair-trade products, broadening the focus of the S-O-R theory. In addition, it helps fair trade organisations understand consumer behaviour influenced by positive emotions and attitudes towards sustainable products, including fair trade products.
Novel Nanopigments with a Thiazole Moiety for Printing Paper, Carton, and Polyester Fabrics: Synthesis, Characterization, and Color Strength with Comparative Study
Authors: Rizk Hala F. , El-Borai Mohamed A. , Hemeda Osama M. , Ebrahim Seham A. , Sadek Mohamed E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA series of new coloring materials in nanoscale based on 5-(2-aminothiazol-5-yl) thiazol-2-amine and 5-(4-aminophenyl) thiazol-2-amine were synthesized. The nanoscale pigments were prepared using a grinding high˗energy ball-milling technique. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were employed to determine the particle size of the nanoscale pigments (40–80 nm). The synthesized pigments in normal and nanoscale were applied in the printing of polyester fabrics. The fastness and colorimetric properties of the printed samples were carefully studied. Additionally, the synthesized pigments were applied as water-based flexographic ink for paper and carton. The hue of the color pigments L*, a*, b*, glossiness, and fastness to light were measured. The comparison of the new heterocyclic benzidine analogs in normal and nanoscale with commercial benzidine pigments demonstrated better results, particularly for the nanoscale pigments.
Programmed death ligand 1-positive immune cells in primary tumor or metastatic axillary lymph nodes can predict prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer even when present at < 1% in the tumor region
Authors: Tomioka Nobumoto , Hatanaka Kanako C. , Okuyama Dai , Watanabe Ken-ichi , Yamamoto Mitsugu , Maeda Hideki , Tachikawa Hanae , Kuwahara Sayuri , Shimizu Ai , Suzuki Hiroaki , Hatanaka Yutaka , Takahashi Masato 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
The efficacy of pre-operative systemic treatment (PST) combined with immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has been recognized recently as being independent of the degree of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) positivity of infiltrating immune cells, especially for patients with axillary lymph node metastasis (ALNM).

Methods
TNBC patients with ALNM were treated surgically between 2002 and 2016 in our facility (n = 109), of whom 38 received PST before resection. The presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) expressing CD3, CD8, CD68, PD-L1 (detected by antibody SP142) and FOXP3 at primary and metastatic LN sites was quantified.

Results
The size of invasive tumor and the number of metastatic axillary LN were confirmed as prognostic markers. The numbers of both CD8+ and FOXP3+ TILs at primary sites were also recognized as prognostic markers, especially for overall survival (OS) (CD8, p = 0.026; FOXP3, p < 0.001). The presence of CD8+, FOXP3+ and PD-L1+ cells was better maintained in LN after PST and may contribute to improved antitumor immunity. Provided they were present as clusters of ≥ 70 positive cells, even < 1% of immune cells expressing PD-L1 at primary sites predicted a more favorable prognosis for both disease-free survival (DFS) (p = 0.004) and OS (p = 0.020). This was the case not only for 30 matched surgical patients, but also in all 71 surgical only patients (DFS: p < 0.001 and OS: p = 0.002).

Conclusions
PD-L1+ , CD8+ or FOXP3+ immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) at both primary and metastatic sites are significant on prognosis, which could be a clue to expect the potential for better responses to the combination of chemotherapy and ICI, especially for patients with ALNM.
One-shot platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection is non-inferior to extracorporeal shockwave therapy in the management of supraspinatus tendinosis
Authors: Moretti L. , Bizzoca D. , Cassano G. D. , Coviello M. , Franchini A. , Moretti B. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Supraspinatus tendinosis (ST) refers to the intratendinous degeneration of the supraspinatus tendon. Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) is one of the possible conservative treatments for supraspinatus tendinosis. This prospective observational study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a single ultrasound-guided PRP injection in the treatment of supraspinatus tendinosis and to assess its non-inferiority to the widely used shockwave therapy.

Methods
Seventy-two amateur athletes (35 male, mean age: 43.75 ± 10.82, range 21–58 years old) with ST were finally included in the study. All the patients underwent clinical evaluation at baseline, (T0) and at 1-month (T1), 3-month (T2) and 6-month (T3) follow-up using the following clinical scales: the Visual Analogue Scale for pain (VAS), Constant Score and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Score (DASH). A T0 and T3 ultrasound examination was also performed. The findings observed in the recruited patients were compared to the clinical results observed in a retrospective control group made up of 70 patients (32 male, mean age = 41.29 ± 13.85, range 20–65 years old) treated by extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT).

Results
VAS, DASH and Constant scores significantly improved from T0 to T1; the improvement in clinical scores was kept until T3. No local nor systemic adverse events were observed. An improvement in the tendon structure was observed on ultrasound examination. PRP showed a non-statistical inferiority, in terms of efficacy and safety, compared to ESWT.

Conclusion
The PRP one-shot injection is a valid conservative treatment to reduce pain, and improve both quality of life and functional scores in patients with supraspinatus tendinosis. Furthermore, the PRP intratendinous one-shot injection showed a non-inferiority in terms of efficacy at the 6-month follow-up, compared to ESWT.
Radon concentrations in the Sudwala cave, South Africa
Authors: le Roux Rikus , Bezuidenhout Jacques , Nemangwele Fhulufhelo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThere has been a growing interest in the effect of radon gas on humans visiting caves. A radon survey was consequently done in the Sudwala tourist cave close to Nelspruit in the eastern part of South Africa to determine the radon exposure of tourists and guides. The Sudwala cave, which evolved in karst geology, is a popular tourist destination. Twenty-eight electret ion chambers were placed in various locations throughout the cave for a period of 24 h. Radon concentrations varied between a minimum of 255 Bq/m3 and a maximum of 1822 Bq/m3 with a geometric mean of 750 Bq/m3. The radon levels were found to be relatively stable up to 600 m from the entrance, after which they sharply increased. This suggests that different processes disperse radon in the initial and deeper parts of the cave. It was concluded that this is the result of natural cave ventilation which is caused by changes in ambient barometric pressure. Despite the measured level being higher than the World Health Organization (WHO)’s mitigation level of 200 Bq/m3, the occupational exposure is quite low due to the frequency and duration of a typical cave tour and therefore poses no risk to the tourists and tour guides.
Root uptake and metabolization of Alternaria toxins by winter wheat plants using a hydroponic system
Authors: Jaster-Keller Julia , Müller Marina E. H. , El-Khatib Ahmed H. , Lorenz Nicole , Bahlmann Arnold , Mülow-Stollin Ulrike , Bunzel Mirko , Scheibenzuber Sophie , Rychlik Michael , von der Waydbrink Grit , Weigel Stefan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFungi of the genus Alternaria are ubiquitous in the environment. Their mycotoxins can leach out of contaminated plants or crop debris into the soil entering the plant via the roots. We aim to evaluate the importance of this entry pathway and its contribution to the overall content of Alternaria toxins (ATs) in wheat plants to better understand the soil–plant-phytopathogen system. A hydroponic cultivation system was established and wheat plants were cultivated for up to two weeks under optimal climate conditions. One half of the plants was treated with a nutrient solution spiked with alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), and tenuazonic acid (TeA), whereas the other half of the plants was cultivated without mycotoxins. Plants were harvested after 1 and 2 weeks and analyzed using a QuEChERS-based extraction and an in-house validated LC–MS/MS method for quantification of the ATs in roots, crowns, and leaves separately. ATs were taken up by the roots and transported throughout the plant up to the leaves after 1 as well as 2 weeks of cultivation with the roots showing the highest ATs levels followed by the crowns and the leaves. In addition, numerous AOH and AME conjugates like glucosides, malonyl glucosides, sulfates, and di/trihexosides were detected in different plant compartments and identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry. This is the first study demonstrating the uptake of ATs in vivo using a hydroponic system and whole wheat plants examining both the distribution of ATs within the plant compartments and the modification of ATs by the wheat plants.
Successful Alert Issuance with Sufficient Lead Time by Uttarakhand State Earthquake Early Warning System: Case Study of Nepal Earthquakes
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Kamal  , Sharma M.L. , Pratibha  , Jakka R.S. , Kumar Ashok , Joshi G.C. , Rautela Piyoosh 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Three moderate earthquakes on November 9, 2022, November 12, 2022, and January 24, 2023 occurred in Western Nepal region of Magnitudes 5.8, 5.4 and 5.8 respectively. The epicenters were ~100 km away from the Uttarakhand State Earthquake Early Warning System (UEEWS) network which consists of 169 seismic sensors in oval shape network with larger axis of about 280 km in East-West and 120 km in North-South in Uttarakhand-Dharchula seismic gap, a region of central seismic gap of Indian Himalaya. The strong motions recorded by UEEWS were fetched in real-time at the central server in Roorkee through dedicated private network. The central server issued notifications and warning alerts to the public of Uttarakhand on the mobile app, ‘Uttarakhand Bhookamp Alert’ installed by them. The success story of issuance of warning along with location of triggered sensors, epicenter of earthquakes and lead time people got in these events are elaborated in this article. Specially, these three moderate earthquakes albeit not triggered in the instrumented area, issuance of warning to the public by UEEWS network is noteworthy. Encouragingly, these events have been considered an example to rationalize establishment of earthquake early warning system in the other parts of the Himalayan regions.