bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary retinal tauopathy: A tauopathy with a distinct molecular pattern
Authors: Walkiewicz Grzegorz , Ronisz Alicja , Van Ginderdeuren Rita , Lemmens Sophie , Bouwman Femke H. , Hoozemans Jeroen J. M. , Morrema Tjado H. J. , Rozemuller Annemieke J. , Hart de Ruyter Frederique J. , De Groef Lies , Stalmans Ingeborg , Thal Dietmar Rudolf 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhosphorylated tau (p‐tau) accumulation, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), can also be found in the retina. However, it is uncertain whether it is linked to AD or another tauopathy.METHODSRetinas from 164 individuals, with and without AD, were analyzed for p‐tau accumulation and its relationship with age, dementia, and vision impairment.RESULTSRetinal p‐tau pathology showed a consistent pattern with four stages and a molecular composition distinct from that of cerebral tauopathies. The stage of retinal p‐tau pathology correlated with age (r = 0.176, P = 0.024) and was associated with AD (odds ratio [OR] 3.193; P = 0.001), and inflammation (OR = 2.605; P = 0.001). Vision impairment was associated with underlying eye diseases (β = 0.292; P = 0.001) and the stage of retinal p‐tau pathology (β = 0.192; P = 0.030) in a linear regression model.CONCLUSIONSThe results show the presence of a primary retinal tauopathy that is distinct from cerebral tauopathies.
Animal models for anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody‐associated vasculitis: Are current models good enough?
Authors: Huang Fei , Lv Yongman , Liu Siyang , Wu Hao , Liu Qingquan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAntineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)‐associated vasculitis (AAV) is a rare and severe systemic autoimmune disease characterized by pauci‐immune necrotizing inflammation of small blood vessels. AAV involves multiple organ systems throughout the body. Our knowledge of the pathogenesis of AAV has increased considerably in recent years, involving cellular, molecular and genetic factors. Because of the controlled environment with no other confounding factors, animal models are beneficial for studying the mechanistic details of disease development and for providing novel therapeutic targets with fewer toxic side effects. However, the complexity and heterogeneity of AAV make it very difficult to establish a single animal model that can fully represent the entire clinical spectrum found in patients. The aim of this review is to overview the current status of animal models for AAV, outline the pros and cons of methods, and propose potential directions for future research.
MXene‐based Membranes for Drinking Water Production
Authors: Huang Lingzhi , Ding Li , Caro Jürgen , Wang Haihui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe soaring development of industry exacerbates the shortage of fresh water, making drinking water production an urgent demand. Membrane techniques feature the merits of high efficiency, low energy consumption, and easy operation, deemed as the most potential technology to purify water. Recently, a new type of two‐dimensional materials, MXenes as the transition metal carbides or nitrides in the shape of nanosheets, have attracted enormous interest in water purification due to their extraordinary properties such as adjustable hydrophilicity, easy processibility, antifouling resistance, mechanical strength, and light‐to‐heat transformation capability. In pioneering studies, MXene‐based membranes have been evaluated in the past decade for drinking water production including the separation of bacteria, dyes, salts, and heavy metals. This review focuses on the recent advancement of MXene‐based membranes for drinking water production. A brief introduction of MXenes is given first, followed by descriptions of their unique properties. Then, the preparation methods of MXene membranes are summarized. The various applications of MXene membranes in water treatment and the corresponding separation mechanisms are discussed in detail. Finally, the challenges and prospects of MXene membranes are presented with the hope to provide insightful guidance on the future design and fabrication of high‐performance MXene membranes.
Bio‐Inspired Polyanionic Electrolytes for Highly Stable Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Dong Haobo , Hu Xueying , Liu Ruirui , Ouyang Mengzheng , He Hongzhen , Wang Tianlei , Gao Xuan , Dai Yuhang , Zhang Wei , Liu Yiyang , Zhou Yongquan , Brett Dan J. L. , Parkin Ivan P. , Shearing Paul R. , He Guanjie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFor zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs), the non‐uniform Zn plating/stripping results in a high polarization and low Coulombic efficiency (CE), hindering the large‐scale application of ZIBs. Here, inspired by biomass seaweed plants, an anionic polyelectrolyte alginate acid (SA) was used to initiate the in situ formation of the high‐performance solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on the Zn anode. Attribute to the anionic groups of −COO−, the affinity of Zn2+ ions to alginate acid induces a well‐aligned accelerating channel for uniform plating. This SEI regulates the desolvation structure of Zn2+ and facilitates the formation of compact Zn (002) crystal planes. Even under high depth of discharge conditions (DOD), the SA‐coated Zn anode still maintains a stable Zn stripping/plating behavior with a low potential difference (0.114 V). According to the classical nucleation theory, the nucleation energy for SA‐coated Zn is 97 % less than that of bare Zn, resulting in a faster nucleation rate. The Zn||Cu cell assembled with the SA‐coated electrode exhibits an outstanding average CE of 99.8 % over 1,400 cycles. The design is successfully demonstrated in pouch cells, where the SA‐coated Zn exhibits capacity retention of 96.9 % compared to 59.1 % for bare Zn anode, even under the high cathode mass loading (>10 mg/cm2).
High peel strength and excellent solder heat‐resistance epoxy adhesive for flexible copper clad laminate
Authors: Li Anqin , He Hui , Shen Yue , Li Qunyang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFlexible copper clad laminate (FCCL), commonly composed of copper foil, epoxy adhesive, and polyimide (PI) film, is widely used as the substrate material of flexible printed circuit boards. Carboxyl‐terminated acrylonitrile butadiene (CTBN) and four curing agents were used to prepare the modified epoxy adhesive. FCCL's peel strength was improved by treating PI with plasma. The results showed that when the epoxy adhesive was toughened by adding 30 phr CTBN and PI film was treated with nitrogen plasma, the comprehensive performance of the modified epoxy adhesive and FCCL was the best. The impact strength of the modified epoxy adhesive was 39.32 kJ m−2 (149.7% higher than that of the unmodified), and the gelation time was 330 s at 160°C. The peel strength of FCCL was 1.29 kgf cm−1, which was higher than required. It can pass the lead‐free solder heat‐resistance test at 320°C 10 s−1 as well. A new way is provided to expand the application of FCCL in areas requiring higher peel strength.
Integrating digital literacies and scientific communication in a multimedia anatomy group assignment to advance contextual learning
Authors: Xiao Junhua 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAnatomists are facing a new generation of learners who will study and work in a technology‐rich environment. Indeed, digital technologies are tremendously changing how information and knowledge are communicated and retrieved. However, it remains unclear whether an anatomy assessment can be designed to promote contextual learning through integrating a digital communication strategy. To investigate this, assessment methods were diversified in the first‐year neuroanatomy and third‐year regional anatomy curricula through implementing a multimedia human anatomy group assignment integrating digital literacies and scientific communication. Through completing this multimedia assignment, students demonstrated their anatomy knowledge transfer using a range of approaches. The main mode of presentations chosen in the two anatomy units were non‐animated video presentations (~50%), animated video presentations (~30%), storyboards (~10%), podcasts (~3%), and filmed videos (~3%). A 5‐point Likert scale learning and teaching survey was conducted for a total of 195 undergraduate health science students to evaluate students' perception of this group assignment. The majority of students (70–80%) strongly agreed or agreed that the multimedia group assignment helped their teamwork skills. Students who produced animated videos significantly outperformed those who adopted the non‐animated presentations during the end‐of‐semester theory examination (p < 0.05). This study demonstrates that an anatomy group assignment integrating digital literacy and scientific communication is an effective assessment strategy associated with a positive learning experience and outcome. This inquiry‐based assignment promotes learning through assessment, allowing students to not only consolidate and extend anatomy knowledge but also developing effective digital communication skills, providing new insights into non‐didactic anatomy assessments.
Predictability of the East Africa long rains through Congo zonal winds
Authors: Ward Neil , Walker Dean P. , Keane Richard J. , Marsham John H. , Scaife Adam A. , Birch Cathryn E. , Maybee Ben 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEast Africa is highly vulnerable to extreme weather events, such as droughts and floods. Skillful seasonal forecasts exist for the October–November–December short rains, enabling informed decisions, whereas seasonal forecasts for the March–April–May (MAM) long rains have historically had low skill, limiting preparation capacity. Therefore, improved long rains prediction is a high priority and would contribute to climate change resilience in the region. Recent work has highlighted how lower‐troposphere Congo zonal winds in MAM strongly impact regional moisture fluxes and the long rains total precipitation. We therefore approach long rains predictability through the predictability of the Congo winds. We analyze a set of hindcasts from a dynamical prediction system that is able to reproduce the long rains—Congo winds relationship in its individual ensemble members. Encouragingly, in observations, the strength of MAM Congo zonal winds and East Africa rainfall show substantial correlation with the MAM Atlantic (including North Atlantic Oscillation, NAO) and Indo‐Pacific variability, suggestive of ocean influence and potential predictability. However, these features are replaced by different teleconnections in the hindcast ensemble mean fields. This is also true for NAO linkage to Congo winds, despite correct representation in individual members, and good skill in hindcasting the NAO itself. The net effect is strongly negative skill for the Congo winds. We explore statistical correction methods, including using the Congo zonal wind as an anchor index in a signal‐to‐noise calibration for the long rains. This is considered a demonstration of concept, for subsequent implementation using models with better Congo zonal wind skill. Indeed, the clear signals found in the Atlantic (including Mediterranean) and Indo‐Pacific, studied here both in observations and a dynamical prediction system, motivate evaluation of these features across other prediction systems, and offer the prospect of improved physically‐informed long rains dynamical predictions.
Influence of biosynthesized magnesium oxide nanoparticles on growth and physiological aspects of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) plant, cowpea beetle, and cytotoxicity
Authors: Abdelfattah Nilly A. H. , Yousef Manar Ali , Badawy Ali A. , Salem Salem S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRecently, agricultural management innovation has incorporated engineered nanoparticles. The current investigation was carried out to produce magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs) for the first time applying S. cerevisiae extract. FTIR, XRD, HRTEM, and zeta potential analysis were used to characterize the MgONPs. The FTIR data show that the bioactive substances reduce and cap the synthesized MgONPs. The crystalline metallic MgONPs had four significant peaks in the XRD pattern. The size and form of MgONPs were validated by TEM, which exhibited spherical structures with an average size of 27 nm. The effect of various dosages of MgONPs administered to the cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) plant on all in vitro parameters was shown to be significant in the study. The concentration 200 ppm was the most significant treatment which increased shoot length, shoot dry‐weight and root dry‐weight by 27.35%, 45.09%, and 31.91% when compared with the untreated cowpea plants. MgONPs significantly increased photosynthetic pigments, with 150 ppm treatment significantly increasing soluble proteins and carbohydrates. MgONPs effectively treated cowpea C. maculatus, with dose and time‐dependent insecticidal activity. MgONPs death rates varied by 82.66% and 100% on fifth day. Biochemical and histopathological studies of rats were investigated. Rats treated with MgONPs showed higher GOT, GPT, Urea levels, but lower creatinine, indicating significant differences. MgONPs‐treated rats' liver showed mild to moderate histopathologic changes, including portal blood vessel congestion, lymphocytic cholangitis, and degenerative changes. MgONPs has the potential to improve cowpea development outcomes and suppress grain insects (C. maculatus).
A Homochiral Diphenylalanine Analog Based Mechanoresponsive Hydrogel: An Insight Towards Its Wound Healing Efficacy
Authors: Tiwari Priyanka , Shivhare Vaibhav , Ahuja Rishabh , Khan Ms. Naureen , Shukla Durgesh Nandan , Mishra Ankit K. , Basu Anindya , Dutt Konar Anita 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDeciphering the most promising strategy for the evolution of potential wound‐healing therapeutics is one of the greatest challenging affairs to date. The development of peptide‐based smart scaffolds with innate antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, and antioxidant properties is an appealing way out. Aligned to the goal a set of Hydrogelators I–IV were developed utilizing the concept of chiral orchestration in diphenylalanine fragment, such that the most potent construct with all the bench marks namely mechanoresponsiveness, biocompatibility, consistent antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, could be fished out from the design. Interestingly, our in vitro Antifungal and Lipid peroxidation analysis identified the homochiral isomer Boc‐δ‐Ava‐L‐Phe‐L‐Phe‐OH (Hydrogelator I), as an ideal candidate for the wound healing experiment, so we proceeded for the in vivo histopathological and antioxidant measurements in Wister rats. Indeed the wound images obtained from the different sets of animals on the 14th day of treatment demonstrated that with increased recovery time, hydrogelator I displayed a significant reduction in the lesion diameter compared to the marketed drug, and negative control. Even the histopathological measurements using H & E staining demonstrated diminished tissue destruction, neutrophil infiltration necrosis, and lymphatic proliferation in the hydrogelators, in comparison to others, backed by in vivo lipid peroxidation data. Overall our investigation certifies hydrogelator I as an effective therapeutic for managing the wound healing complication.
A Novel Polysaccharide Separated from Panax Notoginseng Residue Ameliorates Restraint Stress‐ and Lipopolysaccharide‐induced Enteritis in Mice
Authors: Luo Bi , Yang Fan , Chen Peng , Zuo Hao‐Yu , Liang Yun‐Fei , Xian Ming‐Hua , Tang Nan , Wang Guo‐En 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPolysaccharides are rich in Panax notoginseng residue after extraction. This study aims to explore the structural characteristics of PNP‐20, which is a homogeneous polysaccharide, separated from P. notoginseng residue by fractional precipitation and evaluate the anti‐enteritis effect of PNP‐20. The structure of PNP‐20 was determined by spectroscopic analyses. A mouse model with enteritis induced by restraint stress (RS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to evaluate the pharmacological effect of PNP‐20. The results indicated that PNP‐20 consisted of glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), Mannose (Man) and Rhamnose (Rha). PNP‐20 was composed of Glcp‐(1→, →4)‐α‐Glcp‐(1→, →4)‐α‐Galp‐(1→, →4,6)‐α‐Glcp‐(1→, →4)‐Manp‐(1→ and →3)‐Rhap‐(1→, and contained two backbone fragments of →4)‐α‐Glcp‐(1→4)‐ α‐Glcp‐(1→ and →4)‐α‐Galp‐(1→4)‐α‐Glcp‐(1→. PNP‐20 reduced intestinal injury and inflammatory cell infiltration in RS‐ and LPS‐induced enteritis in mice. PNP‐20 decreased the expression of intestinal tumor necrosis factor‐α, NOD‐like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3, and nuclear factor‐κB and increased the expression of intestinal superoxide dismutase 2. In conclusion, PNP‐20 may be a promising material basis of P. Notoginseng for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
Current State‐of‐the‐Art Toward Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Polyketide Natural Products
Authors: Paulsel Thaddeus Q. , Williams Gavin J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPolyketide natural products have significant promise as pharmaceutical targets for human health and as molecular tools to probe disease and complex biological systems. While the biosynthetic logic of polyketide synthases (PKS) is well‐understood, biosynthesis of designer polyketides remains challenging due to several bottlenecks, including substrate specificity constraints, disrupted protein‐protein interactions, and protein solubility and folding issues. Focusing on substrate specificity, PKSs are typically interrogated using synthetic thioesters. PKS assembly lines and their products offer a wealth of information when studied in a chemoenzymatic fashion. This review provides an overview of the past two decades of polyketide chemoenzymatic synthesis and their contributions to the field of chemical biology. These synthetic strategies have successfully yielded natural product derivatives while providing critical insights into enzymatic promiscuity and mechanistic activity.
Solvent Acts as the Referee in a Match‐Up Between Charged and Preorganized Receptors
Authors: Bhattacharjee Nabarupa , Gao Xinfeng , Nathani Akash , Dobscha James R. , Pink Maren , Ito Takashi , Flood Amar H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe prevalence of anion‐cation contacts in biomolecular recognition under aqueous conditions suggests that ionic interactions should dominate the binding of anions in solvents across both high and low polarities. Investigations of this idea using titrations in low polarity solvents are impaired by interferences from ion pairing that prevent a clear picture of binding. To address this limitation and test the impact of ion‐ion interactions across multiple solvents, we quantified chloride binding to a cationic receptor after accounting for ion pairing. In these studies, we created a chelate receptor using aryl‐triazole CH donors and a quinolinium unit that directs its cationic methyl inside the binding pocket. In low‐polarity dichloromethane, the 1 : 1 complex (log K1 : 1 ~ 7.3) is more stable than neutral chelates, but fortuitously comparable to a preorganized macrocycle (log K1 : 1 ~ 6.9). Polar acetonitrile and DMSO diminish stabilities of the charged receptor (log K1 : 1 ~ 3.7 and 1.9) but surprisingly 100‐fold more than the macrocycle. While both receptors lose stability by dielectric screening of electrostatic stability, the cationic receptor also pays additional costs of organization. Thus even though the charged receptor has stronger binding in apolar solvents, the uncharged receptor has more anion affinity in polar solvents.
Amphiphilic Molecules Exhibiting Zwitterionic Excited‐State Intramolecular Proton Transfer and Near‐Infrared Emission for the Detection of Amyloid β Aggregates in Alzheimer's Disease**
Authors: Yu Zhengxin , Moshood Yusuff , Wozniak Marcin K. , Patel Shrey , Terpstra Karna , Llano Daniel A. , Dobrucki Lawrence W. , Mirica Liviu M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractChromophores with zwitterionic excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) have been shown to have larger Stock shifts and red‐shifted emission wavelengths compared to the conventional π‐delocalized ESIPT molecules. However, there is still a dearth of design strategies to expand the current library of zwitterionic ESIPT compounds. Herein, a novel zwitterionic excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer system is reported, enabled by addition of 1,4,7‐triazacyclononane (TACN) fragments on a dicyanomethylene‐4H‐pyran (DCM) scaffold. The solvent‐dependent steady‐state photophysical studies, pKa measurements, and computational analysis strongly support that the ESIPT process is more efficient with two TACN groups attached to the DCM scaffold and not affected by polar protic solvents. Impressively, compound DCM‐OH‐2‐DT exhibits a near‐infrared (NIR) emission at 740 nm along with an uncommonly large Stokes shift. Moreover, DCM‐OH‐2‐DT shows high affinity towards soluble amyloid β (Aβ) oligomers in vitro and in 5xFAD mouse brain sections, and we have successfully applied DCM‐OH‐2‐DT for the in vivo imaging of Aβ aggregates and demonstrated its potential use as an early diagnostic agent for AD. Overall, this study can provide a general molecular design strategy for developing new zwitterionic ESIPT compounds with NIR emission in vivo imaging applications.
Controlling the Crystallisation and Hydration State of Crystalline Porous Organic Salts
Authors: O'Shaughnessy Megan , Padgham Alex C. , Clowes Rob , Little Marc A. , Brand Michael C. , Qu Hang , Slater Anna G. , Cooper Andrew I. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCrystalline porous organic salts (CPOS) are a subclass of molecular crystals. The low solubility of CPOS and their building blocks limits the choice of crystallisation solvents to water or polar alcohols, hindering the isolation, scale‐up, and scope of the porous material. In this work, high throughput screening was used to expand the solvent scope, resulting in the identification of a new porous salt, CPOS‐7, formed from tetrakis(4‐sulfophenyl)methane (TSPM) and tetrakis(4‐aminophenyl)methane (TAPM). CPOS‐7 does not form with standard solvents for CPOS, rather a hydrated phase (Hydrate2920) previously reported is isolated. Initial attempts to translate the crystallisation to batch led to challenges with loss of crystallinity and Hydrate2920 forming favorably in the presence of excess water. Using acetic acid as a dehydrating agent hindered formation of Hydrate2920 and furthermore allowed for direct conversion to CPOS‐7. To allow for direct formation of CPOS‐7 in high crystallinity flow chemistry was used for the first time to circumvent the issues found in batch. CPOS‐7 and Hydrate2920 were shown to have promise for water and CO2 capture, with CPOS‐7 having a CO2 uptake of 4.3 mmol/g at 195 K, making it one of the most porous CPOS reported to date.
Mussel‐Inspired Adhesive Hydrogels: Chemistry and Biomedical Applications†
Authors: Chen Jingsi , Han Linbo , Liu Jifang , Zeng Hongbo 
Published: August 2023

Comprehensive SummaryAdhesive hydrogels are an emerging class of hydrogels that combine three‐dimensional hydrated networks with adhesive properties. These properties facilitate intimate tissue‐material contact in diverse biomedical applications, enhancing tissue joining, drug transport, and signal transmission. Inspired by the universal adhesiveness of mussel foot proteins, 3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl‐L‐alanine (DOPA) and its analogs have been extensively exploited for the fabrication of adhesive hydrogels, within which the DOPA moieties can not only serve as cross‐linking mediators but also participate in various intermolecular and surface interactions to mediate wet adhesion. This mini‐review highlights recent achievements in the development of mussel‐inspired adhesive hydrogels, focusing on: (1) elucidating DOPA‐mediated adhesion mechanisms through nanomechanical characterizations, (2) designing injectable adhesive hydrogels toward applications in drug delivery, hemostasis, and wound closure, which includes in situ gelling liquids and shear‐thinning preformed hydrogels, and (3) fabricating tough adhesive hydrogels with enhanced mechanical properties for use in tissue regeneration, biosensing, and bioimaging, with typical examples of nanocomposite and double‐network hydrogels. The challenges and prospects in this rapidly developing field are also discussed.