Role of S100 and YKL40 on Intraventricular Cerebral Hemorrhages
in the Preterm Infant and the Neuroprotective Role of miR-138-
siRNAs-HIF-1a and miR-21-siRNAs-HVCN1 in Neonatal Mice with
Nerve Injury
Authors: Ijabi Roghayeh , Kaminsky Zachary A. , Roozehdar Parisa , Ijabi Janat , Moradi-Sardareh Hemen , Tehranian Najmeh 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Epilepsy and intraventricular-cerebral hemorrhage is a common complication
irreversible in preterm infants. Inflammation leads to an increase in intracellular calcium,
acidosis, and oxygen usage, and finally, may damage brain cells. Increases in HIF-1a
and HVCN1 can reduce the complications of oxygen consumption and acidosis in infants with
intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). On the other hand, decreases in S100B can shield nerve
cells from apoptosis and epilepsy by reducing brain damage.

Objective:
In this research, we investigated how miR-138-siRNAs-HIF-1a and miR-21-
siRNAs-HVCN1 affect apoptosis in hypoxic mice.

Methods:
On the first and third days after delivery, the YKL40, HIF-1a, HVCN1, and S100b
genes were compared between two groups of preterm infants with and without maternal inflammation.
Afterward, the miRNAs were transfected into cell lines to monitor variations in
YKL40, HIF-1a, HVCN1, and S100b gene expression and nerve cell apoptosis. We changed
the expression of S100b, HVCN1, and HIF-1a genes by using specific siRNAs injected into
mice. Using real-time PCR, Western blotting, flow cytometry (FCM), and immunofluorescence,
and changes in gene expression were evaluated (IHC).

Results:
HVCN1 gene expression showed a strong negative correlation with epilepsy in both groups of infants (P< 0.001). Significant correlations between epilepsy and the expression levels of the S100b, YKL40, and HIF-1a genes were found (P< 0.001). According to FCM, after transfecting miRNA-431 and miRNA-34a into cell lines, the apoptosis index (A.I.) were 41.6 3.3 and 34.5 5.2%, respectively, while the A.I. were 9.6 2.7 and 7.1 4.2% after transfecting miRNA-21 and miRNA-138. MiR-138-siRNAs-HIF-1a and miR-21-siRNAs-HVCN1 were simultaneously injected into hypoxic mice, and IHC double-labeling revealed that this reduced apoptosis and seizures compared to the hypoxic group.

Results:
HVCN1 gene expression showed a strong negative correlation with epilepsy in both
groups of infants (P< 0.001). Significant correlations between epilepsy and the expression levels
of the S100b, YKL40, and HIF-1a genes were found (P< 0.001). According to FCM, after
transfecting miRNA-431 and miRNA-34a into cell lines, the apoptosis index (A.I.) were 41.6
3.3 and 34.5 5.2%, respectively, while the A.I. were 9.6 2.7 and 7.1 4.2% after transfecting
miRNA-21 and miRNA-138. MiR-138-siRNAs-HIF-1a and miR-21-siRNAs-HVCN1 were
simultaneously injected into hypoxic mice, and IHC double-labeling revealed that this reduced
apoptosis and seizures compared to the hypoxic group.

Conclusion:
Our findings demonstrate that miR-138-siRNAs-HIF-1a and miR-21-siRNAs-
HVCN1 injections prevent cerebral ischemia-induced brain damage in hypoxia mice by increasing
HVCN1 and HIF-1a and decreasing S100b, which in turn lessens apoptosis and epilepsy
in hypoxic mice.