bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the influenza-like illness sentinel surveillance system: A national perspective in Tanzania from January to December 2019
Authors: Shedura Vulstan James , Hussein Ally Kassim , Nyanga Salum Kassim , Kamori Doreen , Mchau Geofrey Joseph 
Published: March 2023

Background
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends periodic evaluations of influenza surveillance systems to identify areas for improvement and provide evidence of data reliability for policymaking. However, data on the performance of established influenza surveillance systems are limited in Africa, including Tanzania. We aimed to assess the usefulness of the Influenza surveillance system in Tanzania and to ascertain if the system meets its objectives, including; estimating the burden of disease caused by the Influenza virus in Tanzania and identifying any circulating viral strains with pandemic potential.

Methodology
From March to April 2021, we collected retrospective data through a review of the Tanzania National Influenza Surveillance System electronic forms for 2019. Furthermore, we interviewed the surveillance personnel about the system’s description and operating procedures. Case definition (ILI-Influenza Like Illness and SARI-Severe Acute Respiratory Illness), results, and demographic characteristics of each patient were obtained from the Laboratory Information System (Disa*Lab) at Tanzania National Influenza Center. The United States Centers for disease control and prevention updated guidelines for evaluating public health surveillance systems were used to evaluate the system’s attributes. Additionally, the system’s performance indicators (including turnaround time) were obtained by evaluating Surveillance system attributes, each being scored on a scale of 1 to 5 (very poor to excellent performance).

Results
A total of 1731 nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal samples were collected from each suspected influenza case in 2019 from fourteen (14/14) sentinel sites of the influenza surveillance system in Tanzania. Laboratory-confirmed cases were 21.5% (373/1731) with a predictive value positive of 21.7%. The majority of patients (76.1%) tested positive for Influenza A. Thirty-seven percent of patients’ results met the required turnaround time, and 40% of case-based forms were incompletely filled. Although the accuracy of the data was good (100%), the consistency of the data was below (77%) the established target of ≥ 95%.

Conclusion
The overall system performance was satisfactory in conforming with its objectives and generating accurate data, with an average performance of 100%. The system’s complexity contributed to the reduced consistency of data from sentinel sites to the National Public Health Laboratory of Tanzania. Improvement in the use of the available data could be made to inform and promote preventive measures, especially among the most vulnerable population. Increasing sentinel sites would increase population coverage and the level of system representativeness.
Discrimination of consonants in quiet and in noise in Mandarin-speaking children with normal hearing
Authors: Wong Lena L. N. , Zhu Shufeng , Chen Yuan , Li Xinxin , Chan Wing M. C. 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveGiven the critical role of consonants in speech perception and the lack of knowledge on consonant perception in noise in Mandarin-speaking children, the current study aimed to investigate Mandarin consonant discrimination in normal-hearing children, in relation to the effects of age and signal-to-noise ratios (S/N).DesignA discrimination task consisting of 33 minimal pairs in monosyllabic words was designed to explore the development of consonant discrimination in five test conditions: 0, -5, -10, -15 dB S/Ns, and quiet.Study sampleForty Mandarin-speaking, normal-hearing children aged from 4;0 to 8;9 in one-year-age increment were recruited and their performance was compared to 10 adult listeners.ResultsA significant main effect of age, test conditions, and an interaction effect between these variables was noted. Consonant discrimination in quiet and in noise improved as children became older. Consonants that were difficult to discriminate in quiet and in noise were mainly velar contrasts. Noise seemed to have less effect on the discrimination of affricates and fricatives, and plosives appeared to be to be more difficult to discriminate in noise than in quiet. Place contrasts between alveolar and palato-alveolar consonants were difficult in quiet.ConclusionsThe findings were the first to reveal typical perceptual development of Mandarin consonant discrimination in children and can serve as a reference for comparison with children with disordered perceptual development, such as those with hearing loss.
COVID-19 Case: Does Indonesian Need Health Endowment Fund?
Authors: Handoyo, SE., M.Sc. Felix Wisnu 
Published: March 2023

This paper aims to examine whether Indonesia needs a Health Endowment Fund (HEF) as an effort to find efficiency and effectiveness of health cover fund. Since 2014, Indonesia has officially implemented National Health Insurance (NHI or Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional/JKN) according to Indonesian Law No.40/2004. The implementation of NHI is technically managed by Health Social Insurance Administration Organization (HSIAO), popularly known as Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) Kesehatan. Since 2014, the trend for people living with NCD increases from 2007 to 2014. This trend may lead to consequences of potential financial deficit for HSIAO in the future. Furthermore, likewise many countries, Indonesia have been facing fiscal shock due to recessions from pandemic COVID-19 and increasing deficits from health insurance claims. By applying secondary data, from IFLS 4 & 5, and the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) (formerly as known as LIPI) survey in 2020, this study investigate the effect of non-communicable disease (NCD) on household expenditures to estimate the extent of HEF is needed in Indonesia. Using regression analysis the result showed that NCD was associated with household’s expenditure per capita and access to health care and on the other hand, NCD has a negative effect on subjective perceived of health status. Therefore, HEF may be a long-term solution for the financial burden may face HSIAO to mitigate fiscal shock for the government budget.
Effects of losartan in patients with NAFLD: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial
Authors: Meng Chang , Song Zejun , Zhang Lingnan , Geng Yu , Sun Jing , Miao Guobin , Liu Peng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Losartan has become a hot spot in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among angiotensin receptor blocker drugs. We sought to conduct a systematic examination and meta-analysis to examine the effects of losartan on patients with NAFLD. We searched for potentially randomized controlled trials in PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and the Cochrane database up to October 09, 2022. We used the Cochrane risk of bias tool to evaluate the study quality. Analysis of subgroups, sensitivity analysis, and publishing bias were explored. The quality of the included studies was moderate to high. Six trials involving 408 patients were included. The meta-analysis demonstrated that aspartate transaminase was significantly affected by losartan therapy (mean difference [MD] = −5.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] [−6.54, −4.13], Z = 8.70, P < 0.01). The meta-analysis subgroup showed that losartan 50 mg once daily could lower the level of alanine aminotransferase (MD = −18.92, 95% CI [−21.18, −16.66], Z = 16.41, P < 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein.
Effect of zinc injection on mitigating stress corrosion cracking initiation of structural materials in light water reactor primary water
Authors: Chen Kai , Mackiewicz Adrianna , Virtanen Sannakaisa , Grundler Pascal V. , Seifert Hans-Peter , Ritter Stefan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The effect of zinc (Zn) injection on the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) initiation of an Alloy 182 weld metal and a 20% cold-worked (CW) type 316L stainless steel was investigated under simulated light water reactor conditions. Accelerated SCC initiation tests revealed that under both, boiling (BWR) and pressurized water reactor (PWR) conditions without Zn injection, Alloy 182 showed a higher SCC initiation susceptibility compared to the CW 316L stainless steel. With 40 ppb Zn injection, results indicate a tendency towards higher stress thresholds or lower crack densities for SCC initiation in both materials. In other words, Zn water chemistry seems to be able to mitigate SCC initiation. The optimized, Zn-treated oxide film is believed to be responsible for the improved SCC performance. However, no clear mitigation effects were observed when the specimens were pre-exposed to high-temperature water without Zn and then tested with Zn, which is likely related to the relatively short exposure time to the Zn-containing high-temperature water.
Stoichiometry and architecture of the platelet membrane complex glycoprotein Ib-IX-V
Authors: Lu Juanjuan , Zhang Chunli , Shi Shaohua , Li Shaobai , Liu Junling , Wu Jian , Huang Chenhui , Lei Ming 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX-V is the second most abundant platelet receptor for thrombin and other ligands crucial for hemostasis and thrombosis. Its activity is involved in platelet adhesion to vascular injury sites and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. GPIb-IX-V is a heteromeric complex composed of four subunits, GPIbα, GPIbβ, GPV and GPIX, in a stoichiometric ratio that has been wildly debated. Despite its important physiological roles, the overall structure and molecular arrangement of GPIb-IX-V are not yet fully understood. Here, we purify stable and functional human GPIb-IX-V complex from reconstituted EXPi293F cells in high homogeneity, and perform biochemical and structural characterization of this complex. Single-particle cryo-electron microscopy structure of GPIb-IX-V is determined at ∼11 Å resolution, which unveils the architecture of GPIb-IX-V and its subunit organization. Size-exclusion chromatography-multi-angle static light scattering analysis reveals that GPIb-IX-V contains GPIb-IX and GPV at a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio and surface plasmon resonance assays show that association of GPV leads to slow kinetics of thrombin binding to GPIb-IX-V. Taken together, our results provide the first three-dimensional architecture of the intact GPIb-IX-V complex, which extends our understanding of the structure and functional mechanism of this complex in hemostasis and thrombosis.
Peripheral arterial disease among children with type 1 diabetes mellitus in a Nigerian teaching hospital
Authors: Akinyosoye Gbenga , Akinola Ibironke Jadesola , Lamina Amotunur Bukola , Akinsola Clement Morakinyo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The study aimed to determine the prevalence of PAD in children with T1DM and to correlate PAD with clinical characteristics in children with T1DM.

Methods
A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted involving 90 subjects (forty-five with T1DM and 45 apparently healthy comparative subjects that were matched for age and gender). Systolic blood pressure was measured in all limbs using the pocket Doppler machine (Norton Doppler scan machine). Ankle brachial index (ABI) was calculated as a ratio of ankle to arm systolic blood pressure. Peripheral arterial disease was defined as ABI less than 0.9.

Results
The prevalence of PAD was significantly higher in children with T1DM than in the matched comparison group (37.8% vs. 6.7%, p<0.001). Average values of waist circumference, hip circumference, weight, height and body mass index were comparable in subjects with TIDM and the comparison group (p>0.05). Subjects with PAD had a poorer glucose control evident by higher average values of glycated haemoglobin than those without PAD (13.47 ± 3.2% vs. 8.16 ± 2.3%, p<0.001). There is a strong negative correlation between ABI scores and glycated haemoglobin among subjects with T1DM (r=−0.626, p<0.001).

Conclusions
With these findings, it is recommended that screening for PAD in children who have T1DM and poor glycaemic control should be done early to prevent cardiovascular complications before they arise.
The Nasal Solitary Chemosensory Cell Signaling Pathway Triggers Mouse Avoidance Behavior to Inhaled Nebulized Irritants
Authors: Xi Ranhui , McLaughlin Sean , Salcedo Ernesto , Tizzano Marco 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe nasal epithelium houses a population of solitary chemosensory cells (SCCs). SCCs express bitter taste receptors and taste transduction signaling components and are innervated by peptidergic trigeminal polymodal nociceptive nerve fibers. Thus, nasal SCCs respond to bitter compounds, including bacterial metabolites, and these reactions evoke protective respiratory reflexes and innate immune and inflammatory responses. We tested whether SCCs are implicated in aversive behavior to specific inhaled nebulized irritants using a custom-built dual-chamber forced-choice device. The behavior of mice was recorded and analyzed for the time spent in each chamber. Wild-type (WT) mice exhibited an aversion to 10 mmdenatonium benzoate (Den) or cycloheximide and spent more time in the control (saline) chamber. The SCC-pathway knock-out (KO) mice did not exhibit such an aversion response. The bitter avoidance behavior of WT mice was positively correlated with the concentration increase of Den and the number of exposures. Bitter-ageusic P2X2/3 double KO mice similarly showed an avoidance response to nebulized Den, excluding the taste system’s involvement and pointing to an SCC-mediated major contributor to the aversive response. Interestingly, SCC-pathway KO mice showed an attraction to higher Den concentrations; however, chemical ablation of the olfactory epithelium eliminated this attraction attributed to the smell of Den. These results demonstrate that activation of SCCs leads to a rapid aversive response to certain classes of irritants with olfaction, but not gustation, contributing to the avoidance behavior during subsequent irritant exposures. This SCC-mediated avoidance behavior represents an important defense mechanism against the inhalation of noxious chemicals.
Ortografi Mushaf Al-Qur'an Nusantara Abad Ke-18 M: Kajian Manuskrip Mushaf al-Qur’an Batokan Kediri
Authors: Zaenatul Hakamah  
Published: March 2023

Abstract: This article examines the Qur’anic manuscript found in Batokan, Kediri. The manuscript, which was inherited from Mbah Abdurrahman Batokan, has been perceived by the residents to have a mystical history since its appearance, and to have connection with the charismatic figure of Diponegoro. One of the uniqueness of the manuscripts is that there is no waqf (stop) sign except for the third juz. This article studies the manuscript in two aspects, namely the orthography of the 18th century AD Archipelago manuscripts of the Qur’an; and the distinction of the Batokan Kediri Qur’anic manuscript and its relation to the socio-historical community. This paper concludes that the writing of the 18th century Archipelago manuscripts of the Qur’an, such as the Batokan manuscripts, was a manifestation of the influence of Islamic studies with regards to the struggle for independence and the formation of local culture. Furthermore, the Batokan Mushaf reflects a form of Islamic sacredness which functions as a talisman for the community.

Abstrak: Artikel ini mengkaji manuskrip mushaf al-Qur’an yang terletak di Batokan, Kediri. Manuskrip yang merupakan warisan Mbah Abdurrahman Batokan tersebut dianggap memiliki sejarah mistis atas kemunculannya, dan warga meyakini keterkaitan antara mushaf tersebut dengan sosok Pangeran Diponegoro. Keunikan pada manuskrip mushaf tersebut, salah satunya, adalah tidak adanya tanda waqf pada ayat-ayatnya kecuali hanya pada juz ketiga. Artikel ini mengkaji manuskrip tersebut dalam dua aspek, yaitu tentang ortografi mushaf al-Qur’an Nusantara abad ke-18 M; dan tentang distingsi mushaf al-Qur’an Batokan Kediri serta keterkaitannya dengan sosio-historis masyarakat setempat. Tulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa penulisan mushaf al-Qur’an Nusantara abad ke-18 M, seperti mushaf Batokan, merupakan wujud dari pengaruh kajian keislaman terhadap upaya kemerdekaan dan terbentuknya budaya setempat. Selanjutnya, mushaf Batokan merefleksikan bentuk ekstraksi dari nilai sakralitas keislaman yang difungsikan sebagai “aji-aji” bagi masyarakat untuk dijadikan senjata batin para penduduknya.
Kaidah-kaidah Pemahaman Esoteris Al-Qur'an Abu al-Hasan al-Haralli
Authors: Marsyam Abdul Waris 
Published: March 2023

Abstract: This article describes the principles of esoteric understanding of the Qur’an by Abū al-Ḥasan al-Ḥarāllī, a Moroccan sufi and Qur’anic interpreter. Lack of studies have been paid attention to al-Ḥarāllī’s hermeneutical interpretation while he has successfully formulated ten rules on esoteric understanding of the Qur’an. By using descriptive-analytical method, the article argues that al-Ḥarallī’s rules of Qur’anic interpretation is related to the principles in the tafsīr bi al-Ishārah school. Al-Ḥarāllī calls the esoteric interpretation as fahm al-Qur’ān (understanding of the Qur’an) to distinguish it from the exoteric interpretation. Of the ten principles of al-Ḥarāllī’s esoteric understanding, there are three main interrelated principles, namely (1) ma‘rifatullāh (knowing God) through His beautiful Names (asmā’ al-ḥusnā) in the Qur’an, (2) mastering the scope of the Qur’anic text, and (3) self-purification (tazkiyat al-nafs) in order to arrive at the levels of meaning of the Qur’an.

Abstrak: Artikel ini mengkaji tentang kaidah-kaidah pemahaman esoterik al-Qur’an Abū Ḥasan al-Ḥarāllī, seorang sufi dan mufasir al-Qur’an asal Maroko. Tidak cukup banyak kajian akademik yang mengkaji pemahaman al-Qur’an al-Ḥarāllī, padahal dia telah merumuskan sepuluh kaidah tentang pemahaman esoterik atas al-Qur’an. Dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif-analitis, artikel ini berargumen bahwa rumusan kaidah-kaidah tafsir al-Ḥarāllī dikategorikan dalam kaidah-kaidah mazhab tafsīr bi al-Ishārah. Al-Ḥarāllī menyebut tafsir esoterik atas al-Qur’an dengan istilah fahm al-Qur’ān (pemahaman al-Qur’an) untuk membedakannya dengan tafsir eksoterik. Dari kesepuluh kaidah pemahaman esoterik al-Ḥarāllī, terdapat tiga prinsip utama yang saling berkaitan, yaitu (1) Makrifatullah (mengenal Allah) melalui asmā’ al-ḥusnā dalam al-Qur’an; (2) pengetahuan tentang cakupan teks al-Qur’an, dan (3) penyucian diri (tazkiyat al-nafs) untuk mencapai tingkatan-tingkatan makna al-Qur’an.
Argumen Kontra Narasi Terhadap Penolakan Tilawah Langgam Jawa
Authors: M. Yaser Arafat  
Published: March 2023

Abstract: The Qur’anic recitation with Javanese style was officially staged at the Istana Negara of the Republic of Indonesia on May 15, 2015 in commemoration of Isra Mi’raj event. Subsequently, various responses emerged from the ulama, both those who supported or rejected TLJ. With critical perspective based on historical anthropology, this article aims to provide counterarguments against four clerics who reject TLJ through their lectures uploaded on YouTube, namely Muhammad Rizieq Shihab (HRS), Buya Yahya (BY), Tengku Zulkarnain (TZ), and Adi Hidayat (AH). This paper argues that the ulama’s rejection of TLJ tends to be based on prejudice, monolithic perspective of Islam, as well as lack of attention to the anthropological aspects of the art of reading the Koran and Javanese-Islamic culture which are actually reflected in TLJ.

Abstrak: Tilawah Langgam Jawa (TLJ) pernah ditampilkan secara resmi di Istana Negara RI pada 15 Mei 2015 dalam rangka peringatan Isra Mi’raj. Paska penampilan tersebut, muncul berbagai tanggapan dari para ulama, baik yang mendukung atau menolak TLJ. Dengan menggunakan perspektif kritik berbasis antropologi historis, artikel ini hendak memberi argumen sanggahan terhadap empat ulama penolak TLJ melalui ceramah mereka yang diunggah di YouTube, yaitu Muhammad Rizieq Shihab (HRS), Buya Yahya (BY), Tengku Zulkarnain (TZ), dan Adi Hidayat (AH). Tulisan ini berargumen bahwa penolakan ulama terhadap TLJ cenderung didasari pada prasangka, pandangan Islam yang monolitik dan kurangnya perhatian terhadap aspek antropologi seni baca al-Qur’an dan budaya Jawa-Islam yang sejatinya terefleksikan dalam TLJ.
Prospective analysis of the major risk factors and vascular status in students during the period of education at a medical university
Authors: Evsevyeva M. E. , Eremin M. V. , Sergeeva O. V. , Simhes E. V. , Barabash I. V. , Kudryavtseva V. D. , Kruchkov M. C. 
Published: March 2023

Aim. To study the changes of the major risk factors (RFs) and vascular status in students over six years of their education at a medical university.Material and methods. A total of 667 students aged 17,8±1,2 years were examined in the 1st year and 6th year (162 men, 505 women). Students who entered in the same year were combined into one cohort, while in total 5 cohorts were recruited. The screening examination was carried out as part of the annual intra-university events "Freshman Week", "Graduate Week" by staff of the University Health Center and included the collection of complaints and history, height, body weight, the measurement of peripheral and central blood pressure, as well as the assessment vascular stiffness and metabolic status. Statistical analysis of the material was carried out using SPSS Statistics 23.0.Results. Analysis of RFs in medical students over 6 years showed a significant increase of the prevalence of hypertension/prehypertension, resting tachycardia, obesity/overweight, malnutrition and physical inactivity. An assessment of cen­tral and peripheral hemodynamics, as well as vascular stiffness of students, revealed an increase in the level of aortic systolic pressure, combined with an increase in peripheral systolic blood pressure and pulse. At the same time, there was no significant increase in some parameters of vascular stiffness, against the background of a 2-fold increase in the prevalence of overweight. Analysis of the metabolic status reveals a significant change in total cholesterol and triglycerides but no alterations in capillary blood glucose.Conclusion. The data obtained indicate an increase in the prevalence of not only behavioral, but also biological RFs among medical students, as well as the development of preclinical vascular remodeling in them during a six-year education, which can later lead to early cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, widespread screening system of risk factors among students should be developed.