bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An independent audit of electroconvulsive therapy patient information leaflets in Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales
Authors: Read John , Morrison Lisa , Harrop Chris 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the accuracy of patient information leaflets about electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) used in Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales, and their compliance with the principle of informed consent.Design and MethodsTo replicate an audit in England, Freedom of Information Act requests were sent to the 26 providers of ECT for their ECT patient information leaflet. These were scored, by two independent raters, on the same 40‐item accuracy measure used in the England audit.ResultsThe number of accurate statements (out of a possible 29) ranged from seven to 20, with a mean of 16.9. The most frequently omitted statements included: cardiovascular risks (mentioned by five leaflets), that it is not known how ECT works (3), risk of mortality (2), risks from multiple general anaesthetic procedures (2), how to access a legal advocate (2) and that that there is no evidence of long‐term benefits (1). The leaflets made between six and nine inaccurate statements (out of 11) with a mean of 7.0. Nineteen minimised memory loss, blamed the memory loss on depression, claimed that ECT is the ‘most effective treatment’ and asserted it has very high response rates without mentioning similar placebo response rates. All 23 leaflets wrongly told patients that ECT saves lives.ConclusionsElectroconvulsive therapy information leaflets in these three nations are barely more accurate than those in England and do not comply with the ethical principle of informed consent. Patients and families across the UK are systematically being misled about the risks they are taking and the limited nature of ECT's benefits.
Envy, entitlement, and cutting the line: Dark personality predicted selfishness during the U.S. COVID‐19 vaccine rollout
Authors: Howell Jennifer L. , Collisson Brian D. , Webster Gregory D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDark Triad personality traits (narcissism, psychopathy, and Machivellianism) predict increased selfish thinking and behavior. In the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic, they have been related to behaviors such as greater hoarding and decreased COVID‐preventative behaviors. Here we examined whether the Dark Triad might predict selfish beliefs and behavior surrounding COVID‐19 vaccinations during the 2021 U.S. vaccine rollout—a time when availability was scarce and people were prioritized based on factors like preexisting medical conditions or line of work. In a sample of 499 people, we found that the constellation of Dark Triad traits predicted skipping one's priority in line to get the COVID‐19 vaccine earlier among the vaccinated. Among the unvaccinated it predicted greater envy, entitlement, perceptions of unfairness, and willingness to skip the line. Taken together, these findings suggest that those high in the Dark Triad do not simply care less about their health and safety, instead there may be circumstances in which dark traits predict preventative, albeit selfish, behavior.
Predictors of COVID‐19 precautionary behaviors to protect people with disabilities
Authors: Tran Sydney J. , Bogart Kathleen R. , Logan Samuel W. , Case Layne , Woekel Erica 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDisability is conceptualized using one of two major frameworks: the medical and the social model of disability. The medical model of disability describes disability as an individual issue in which the appropriate intervention is to remove the disability. The social model of disability describes disability as a social construction in which the appropriate intervention is societal change to increase accessibility. This study drew on models of disability to understand predictors of engagement in COVID‐precautionary behavior prior to the vaccine to protect people with disabilities (PWD) from contracting COVID‐19. Participants (n = 720) with and without disabilities (n = 77 and n = 633, respectively) completed an online questionnaire measuring disability beliefs, attitudes toward PWD, concerns about PWD contracting COVID‐19, and engagement in behavior protecting PWD from contracting COVID‐19. Medical model beliefs were negatively associated with behavior. In addition, negative attitudes toward PWD and low concern about PWD contracting COVID‐19 fully accounted for the relationship. Social model beliefs were positively associated with behavior. In addition, positive attitudes toward PWD and greater concern about PWD contracting COVID‐19 partially explained the relationship. These findings suggest that framing disability as a social construction rather than a medical issue could promote greater public health behavior to protect PWD from contracting COVID.
Omics markers of platelet transfusion in trauma patients
Authors: LaCroix Ian S. , Cohen Mitchell , Moore Ernest E. , Dzieciatkowska Monika , Silliman Christopher C. , Hansen Kirk C. , D'Alessandro Angelo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundEven in the era of the COVID‐19 pandemic, trauma remains the global leading cause of mortality under the age of 49. Trauma‐induced coagulopathy is a leading driver of early mortality in critically ill patients, and transfusion of platelet products is a life‐saving intervention to restore hemostasis in the bleeding patient. However, despite extensive functional studies based on viscoelastic assays, limited information is available about the impact of platelet transfusion on the circulating molecular signatures in trauma patients receiving platelet transfusion.Materials and MethodsTo bridge this gap, we leveraged metabolomics and proteomics approaches to characterize longitudinal plasma samples (n = 118; up to 11 time points; total samples: 759) from trauma patients enrolled in the Control Of Major Bleeding After Trauma (COMBAT) study. Samples were collected in the field, in the emergency department (ED), and at intervals up to 168 h (7 days) post‐hospitalization. Transfusion of platelet (PLT) products was performed (n = 30; total samples: 250) in the ED through 24 h post‐hospitalization. Longitudinal plasma samples were subjected to mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics and proteomics workflows. Multivariate analyses were performed to determine omics markers of transfusion of one, two, three, or more PLT transfusions.ResultsHigher levels of tranexamic acid (TXA), inflammatory proteins, carnitines, and polyamines were detected in patients requiring PLT transfusion. Correlation of PLT units with omics data suggested sicker patients required more units and partially overlap with the population requiring transfusion of packed red blood cell products. Furthermore, platelet activation was likely increased in the most severely injured patients. Fatty acid levels were significantly lower in PLT transfusion recipients (at time of maximal transfusion: Hour 4) compared with non‐recipients, while carnitine levels were significantly higher. Fatty acid levels restore later in the time course (e.g., post‐PLT transfusion).DiscussionThe present study provides the first multi‐omics characterization of platelet transfusion efficacy in a clinically relevant cohort of trauma patients. Physiological alterations following transfusion were detected, highlighting the efficacy of mass spectrometry‐based omics techniques to improve personalized transfusion medicine. More specialized clinical research studies focused on PLT transfusion, including organized pre and post transfusion sample collection and limitation to PLT products only, are required to fully understand subsequent metabolomic and proteomic alterations.
The 2‐fusion system of the Monster
Authors: Aschbacher Michael 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper is part of an effort to determine a certain class of simple 2‐fusion systems, and to use that result to simplify the proof of the classification of the finite simple groups. The main theorem proves that the 2‐fusion system of the Monster is the unique simple system with a fully centralized involution whose centralizer is the fusion system of the universal covering group of the Baby Monster.
A window into development of a complex ice-marginal lake prior to the Late Glacial Maximum (LGM) in Austria
Authors: Heron D.P. Le , Griesmeier G.E.U. , Reitner J.M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Although the retreat process of glaciers from the Late Glacial Maximum (LGM) is well documented, high-resolution insight into conditions prior to the maximum is lacking in the eastern European Alps, resulting in a gap in our understanding about the processes associated with this important climatic tipping point. We describe an outstanding sand and gravel outcrop at Gröbming in the Enns Valley (Ennstal), Austria, that represents the development of a delta complex that debouched into a large body of water that we name paleo-Lake Gröbming, fed by a major valley glacier. The succession consists of sands bearing climbing ripples, parallel laminations, and supercritical bed forms (bottomsets) overlain by meter-scale gravelly foresets. Topsets comprise gravels. We argue that sustained accumulation of supercritical bed forms required a jet efflux feeder mechanism best explained by a direct glacial meltwater source. Complex vertical and lateral repetition of this tripartite succession is observed, with sequence stratigraphic analysis permitting us to argue that stratal complexity is attributable to base-level changes in paleo-Lake Gröbming resulting from dam breaches of the lake. Thus, application of well-established sequence stratigraphic approaches to Quaternary ice-marginal successions in the Alps has significant potential to yield unprecedented insights into conditions prior to the LGM.
Previously melt-depleted mantle beneath the Cascades Range arc
Authors: Yuh Ian , Day James M.D. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Mantle peridotite xenoliths from Lorena Butte, Simcoe Mountains volcanic field, Washington, USA, have been reported with radiogenic 187Os/188Os (≤0.149) and elevated oxidation states, which have been interpreted to reflect Farallon slab contributions to the mantle wedge. To examine subarc processes beneath the Cascades arc, mineral thermobarometry and bulk-rock compositions, including highly siderophile element (HSE) abundances and 187Os/188Os, were obtained for Lorena Butte harzburgite xenoliths. Harzburgites have 187Os/188Os ratios (0.1231 ± 20; 2 SD; n = 10) that only marginally overlap and are, on average, 7% less radiogenic than the previously reported xenoliths, with estimates of oxygen fugacity (ΔFMQ = +1.0 ± 0.5) within the range of both subduction-related and abyssal peridotites. Lorena Butte harzburgites experienced significant shallow-level melt depletion (&gt;15%) prior to incorporation into the mantle wedge. After incorporation into the lithosphere, the peridotites were erupted within trachybasalt of intraplate origin. This heritage suggests that only low-Os harzburgites preserve radiogenic 187Os/188Os from subduction fluids and that previously melt-depleted mantle forms an important component of mantle wedges. Furthermore, the extent of melt depletion experienced by the peridotites is not necessarily coupled with mineral thermobarometry, which can be affected by melt infiltration and metasomatism.
Coccidioidomycosis lymphadenopathy: an unusual presentation
Authors: Sri Keerthika , Vaithy Anandraj , Kathirvelu Shanmugasamy , Srinivasan Sowmya 
Published: July 2023

Coccidioidomycosis is known to occur around the western hemisphere. In tropical countries, the clinical presentation is atypical presenting with a superficial abscess preceded by respiratory tract involvement often mimicking tuberculosis. Eliciting a history of exposure and high suspicion is imperative for early diagnosis.In the present case report, a man in his early 30s presented with complaints of swelling over the neck for the past 2 months with a recent travel history. With a provisional clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis, a biopsy of the swelling revealed features of granulomas with non-caseating necrosis with Coccidioidomycosis organisms demonstrated by fungal stains. Fungal culture and serology reiterated Coccidioides and he recovered after a course of fluconazole.The case report concludes with a statement that Coccidioidomycosis is known to manifest with lymphadenitis mimicking tuberculosis and must be taken into account as one of the differentials. The current report is presented for its rarity in India with atypical presentation.
Retrospective analyses of routine preoperative blood testing in a tertiary eye hospital: could Choosing Wisely work in China?
Authors: Lai Yunxi , Zeng Weiting , Liao Jingyu , Yu Yubin , Liu Xiuping , Wu Kaili 
Published: July 2023

AimsTo explore the possibility of implementing Choosing Wisely on ocular patients in China by investigating the prevalence of abnormalities in routine preoperative blood tests (RPBTs) and its turnaround time (TAT).MethodsData from 102 542 ocular patients between January 2016 and December 2018, at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, were pooled from the laboratory information system. The test results were divided into normal and abnormal, including critical values. Ocular diseases were stratified into 11 subtypes based on the primary diagnosis. The TAT of 243 350 blood tests from January 2017 to December 2018 was categorised into transportation time and intralaboratory time.ResultsRPBT was grouped into complete blood count (CBC), blood biochemistry (BBC), blood coagulation (BCG) and blood-borne pathogens (BBP), completed for 97.22%, 87.66%, 94.41% and 95.35% of the recruited patients (male, 52 549 (51.25%); median(IQR) age, 54 (29–67) years), respectively. Stratified by the test items, 9.19% (95% CI 9.07% to 9.31%) were abnormal results, and 0.020% (95% CI 0.019% to 0.022%) were critical; most abnormalities were on the CBC, while glucose was the most common critical item. Classified by the patients’ primary diagnosis, 76.97% (95% CI 76.71% to 77.23%) had at least one abnormal result, and 0.28% (95% CI 0.25% to 0.32%) were critical; abnormal findings were reported in 45.29% (95% CI 44.98% to 45.60%), 54.97% (95% CI 54.65% to 55.30%), 30.29% (95% CI 30.00% to 30.58%) and 11.32% (95% CI 11.12% to 11.52%) for the CBC, BBC, BCG and BBP tests, respectively. The median transportation time and intralaboratory TAT of the samples were 12 min and 78 min respectively.ConclusionBlood abnormalities are common in ocular patients. With acceptable timelines, RPBT is still indispensable in China for patient safety.
Secondary analysis of a James Lind Alliance priority setting partnership to facilitate knowledge translation in degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM): insights from AO Spine RECODE-DCM
Authors: Davies Benjamin , Brannigan Jamie , Mowforth Oliver D , Khan Danyal , McNair Angus G K , Tetreault Lindsay , Sadler Iwan , Sarewitz Ellen , Aarabi Bizhan , Kwon Brian , Gronlund Toto , Rahimi-Movaghar Vafa , Zipser Carl Moritz , Hutchinson Peter John , Kurpad Shekar , Harrop James S , Wilson Jefferson R , Guest James D , Fehlings Michael G , Kotter Mark R N 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesTo explore whether a James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership could provide insights on knowledge translation within the field of degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM).DesignSecondary analysis of a James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership process for DCM.Participants and settingDCM stake holders, including spinal surgeons, people with myelopathy and other healthcare professionals, were surveyed internationally. Research suggestions submitted by stakeholders but considered answered were identified. Sampling characteristics of respondents were compared with the overall cohort to identify subgroups underserved by current knowledge translation.ResultsThe survey was completed by 423 individuals from 68 different countries. A total of 22% of participants submitted research suggestions that were considered ‘answered’. There was a significant difference between responses from different stakeholder groups (p<0.005). Spinal surgeons were the group which was most likely to submit an ‘answered’ research question. Respondents from South America were also most likely to submit ‘answered’ questions, when compared with other regions. However, there was no significant difference between responses from different stakeholder regions (p=0.4).ConclusionsKnowledge translation challenges exist within DCM. This practical approach to measuring knowledge translation may offer a more responsive assessment to guide interventions, complementing existing metrics.
Public health measures on COVID-19 in North Korea: a quantitative analysis of media programmes in 2020–2022
Authors: Kim Taehoon , Kim Jihyeong , Jeon Jieun , Moon Jin Soo 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesDetails regarding the management of COVID-19 in North Korea are unknown. The aim of this paper was to analyse media programmes in North Korea in order to understand public health measures and policies concerning COVID-19.SettingState-run news agency in North Korea.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe classification of television programmes on COVID-19 broadcast in a state-run news agency, from January 2020 to May 2022, and public health measures introduced in the programmes.ResultsA total of 2671 programmes concerning COVID-19 were included in the study. These programmes provided detailed clinical guidelines to laypeople without medical expertise, including instructions for the usage of medication and preventive measures. An association between the media concern regarding COVID-19 and trade volume, as a proxy of border closure according to the concern of the authorities, provided hints to understand the priorities and aims of the authorities.ConclusionsThe research outcomes provided significant insights into the effort to understand an impaired healthcare system and prevalent drug abuse behaviours in North Korea. Findings from further studies on the recently collected data might suggest additional implications on the North Korean policies on COVID-19.
Robotic Diagnostic Cerebral Angiography: A Multicenter Experience of 113 Patients
Authors: Beaman Charles , Gautam Ayushi , Peterson Catherine , Kaneko Naoki , Ponce Luciano , Saber Hamidreza , Khatibi Kasra , Morales Jose , Kimball David , Lipovac Jacob Ridge , Narsinh Kazim H , Baker Amanda , Caton M Travis , Smith Eric R , Nour May , Szeder Viktor , Jahan Reza , Colby Geoffrey P , Cord Branden J , Cooke Daniel L , Tateshima Satoshi , Duckwiler Gary , Waldau Ben 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundNeurointerventional robotic systems have potential to reduce occupational radiation, improve procedural precision, and allow for future remote teleoperation. A limited number of single institution case reports and series have been published outlining the safety and feasibility of robot-assisted diagnostic cerebral angiography.MethodsThis is a multicenter, retrospective case series of patients undergoing diagnostic cerebral angiography at three separate institutions – University of California, Davis (UCD); University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA); and University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). The equipment used was the CorPath GRX Robotic System (Corindus, Waltham, MA).ResultsA total of 113 cases were analyzed who underwent robot-assisted diagnostic cerebral angiography from September 28, 2020 to October 27, 2022. There were no significant complications related to use of the robotic system including stroke, arterial dissection, bleeding, or pseudoaneurysm formation at the access site. Using the robotic system, 88 of 113 (77.9%) cases were completed successfully without unplanned manual conversion. The principal causes for unplanned manual conversion included challenging anatomy, technical difficulty with the bedside robotic cassette, and hubbing out of the robotic system due to limited working length. For robotic operation, average fluoroscopy time was 13.2 min (interquartile range (IQR), 9.3 to 16.8 min) and average cumulative air kerma was 975.8 mGY (IQR, 350.8 to 1073.5 mGy).ConclusionsRobotic cerebral angiography with the CorPath GRX Robotic System is safe and easily learned by novice users without much prior manual experience. However, there are technical limitations such as a short working length and an inability to support 0.035” wires which may limit its widespread adoption in clinical practice.
Development and validation of prediction scores for the outcome associated with persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome among patients with trauma
Authors: Okada Kazuhiro , Ohde Sachiko , Yagi Takanori , Hara Yoshiaki , Yokobori Shoji 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundPersistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome (PICS) has impacted on long-term prognosis of patients with trauma. We aimed to identify patients with trauma at risk of PICS-related complications early in the intensive care unit (ICU) course.MethodsA single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted. All consecutive patients with trauma who had stayed in the ICU for >7 days were included in the study. We developed the prediction score for the incidence of PICS-related outcomes in the derivation cohort for the initial period and then evaluated in the validation cohort for the subsequent period. Other outcomes were also assessed using the score.ResultsIn total, 170 and 133 patients were included in the derivation and validation cohorts, respectively. The prediction score comprised the variables indicating PICS presence, including a maximum value of C-reactive protein >15 mg/dL, minimum value of albumin <2.5 g/dL, and an episode of nosocomial infection for the first 7 days after admission. A score of 1 was assigned to each variable. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the score to predict PICS incidence was 0.74 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.81) and 0.72 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.81) in the derivation and validation cohorts, respectively. The higher score was also significantly associated with a higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score at day 14, a longer duration of mechanical ventilation, a longer length of stay in ICU, and experienced multiple episodes of infection. Similar results were obtained in the validation cohort.ConclusionsOur scoring system could predict the outcomes associated with PICS among patients with trauma. Because the score comprised the parameters measured for the first 7 days during the ICU course, it could contribute to identifying patients at a high risk of unfavorable outcome earlier.Level of evidenceMultivariate prediction models; level IV.
A minimal axion model for mass matrices with five texture-zeros
Authors: Giraldo Yithsbey , Martinez R. , Rojas Eduardo , Salazar Juan C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA model with fermion and scalar fields charged under a Peccei–Queen (PQ) symmetry is proposed. The PQ charges are chosen in such a way that they can reproduce mass matrices with five texture zeros, which can generate the fermion masses, the CKM matrix, and the PMNS matrix of the Standard Model (SM). To obtain this result, at least 4 Higgs doublets are needed. As we will see in the manuscript this is a highly non-trivial result since the texture zeros of the mass matrices impose a large number of restrictions. This model shows a route to understand the different scales of the SM by extending it with a multi-Higgs sector and an additional PQ symmetry. Since the PQ charges are not universal, the model predicts flavor-changing neutral currents (FCNC) at the tree level, a feature that constitutes the main source of restrictions on the parameter space. We report the allowed regions by lepton decays and compare them with those coming from the semileptonic decays $$K^{\pm }\longrightarrow \pi {\bar{\nu }}\nu $$

K
±

⟶
π

ν

¯

ν

. We also show the excluded regions and the projected bounds of future experiments for the axion–photon coupling as a function of the axion mass and compare it with the parameter space of our model.