bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paradigm Shift in Conventional Hydraulic Fracturing - Emerging Fracturing Techniques Using Thermochemical Fluids
Authors: Al-Ghamdi Ahmed , Al-Jawad Murtada , Mahmoud Mohamed 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing has long been an established well stimulation technique in the oil & gas industry, unlocking hydrocarbon reserves in tight and unconventional reservoirs. The two types of hydraulic fracturing are proppant fracturing and acid fracturing. Recently, a new of hydraulic fracturing is emerging which is delivering yet more enhanced production/injection results. This paper conducts a critical review of the emerging fracturing techniques using Thermochemical fluids.
The main purpose of hydraulic fracturing is to break up the reservoir and create fractures enhancing the fluid flow from the reservoir matrix to the wellbore. This is historically achieved through either proppant fracturing or acid fracturing. In proppant fracturing, the reservoir is fractured through a mixture of water, chemicals and proppant (e.g. sand). The high-pressure water mixture breaks the reservoir, and the proppant particles enter in the fractures to keep it open and allow hydrocarbon flow to the wellbore. As for acid fracturing, the fractures are kept open through etching of the fracture face by acid such as Hydrochloric Acid (HCl).
An emerging technique of hydraulic fracturing is through utilization of thermochemical solutions. These environmentally friendly and cost-efficient are not reactive as surface conditions, and only react in the reservoir at designated conditions through reservoir temperature or pH-controlled activation techniques. Upon reaction, the thermochemical solutions undergo an exothermic reaction generating in-situ foam/gases resulting in creating up to 20,000 psi in-situ pressure and temperature of up to 700 degrees Fahrenheit. Other reported advantages from thermochemical fracturing include the condensate bank removal (due to the exothermic reaction temperature) and capillary pressure reduction.
Isolation and Identification of Endophytic microflora from Cissus quadrangularis Linn. of some districts of Assam
Authors: Deka Namita , Patgiri Saranga Ranjan , Sharma Bidisha 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The present study aims at exploring the microbial diversity in one of the most important medicinal plant- Cissus quadrangularis Linn. Stems and leaves of the plant under study were collected from three districts of Assam. The study was conducted in two different seasons-summer and winter. 16 endophytic fungal species were isolated from the studied samples and were morphologically identified of which 5 were sterile ones. The isolation of endophytic bacteria was done on Nutrient Agar media using standard protocols. Based on the amplification of 16S rDNA amplification and comparing the results with the BLAST results and the phylogenetic tree, the organisms were identified to be- Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velenzensis. This study will give further scope for studying the secondary metabolites from the Endophytic isolates of this plant and establish relationship for its bone healing ability.
Self-Testing of a Single Quantum System: Theory and Experiment
Authors: Hu Xiao-Min , Xie Yi , Arora Atul , Ai Ming-Zhong , Bharti Kishor , Zhang Jie , Wu Wei , pingxing Chen , Cui Jin-Ming , Liu Bi-Heng , Huang Yun-Feng , Li Chuan-Feng , Guo Guangcan , Roland Jeremie , Cabello Adan , Kwek Leong Chuan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Self-testing allows for characterising quantum systems under minimal assumptions. However, existing schemes rely on quantum non-locality and cannot be applied to systems that are not entangled. Here, we introduce a robust method that achieves self-testing of individual systems by taking advantage of contextuality. The scheme is based on the simplest contextuality witness for the simplest contextual quantum system—the Klyachko-Can-Binicioglu-Shumovsky inequality for the qutrit. We establish a lower bound on the fidelity of the state and the measurements as a function of the value of the witness under a pragmatic assumption on the measurements. We apply the method
in an experiment on a single trapped 40Ca+ and using randomly chosen measurements and perfect detection efficiency. Using the observed statistics, we obtain the first experimental demonstration of self-testing of a single quantum system with negligible deviations from the assumptions.
Distribution characteristics of non-point source pollution and identification of key source areas in Nanyi Lake(China) Basin: Based on InVEST model and source list method
Authors: Ding Lei , QI Cui-cui , Zhang Wei-qing 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The InVEST model was used to verify the accuracy of the simulation results of the InVEST model by using the source list method to improve the identification efficiency of key source areas of TP non-point source pollution in the Nanyi Lake Basin. The results showed that the TP non-point source pollution in Nanyi Lake was affected by the pollution source, the filtration rate of pollution load, and the mass concentration of potential TP runoff. The InVEST model has good applicability in areas where agricultural TP is the main source of pollution. This study shows that the InVEST model combined with the source list method provides a more effective method for identifying the key source areas of TP non-point source pollution in the river basin, and formulates corresponding measures according to their pollution characteristics, so as to provide a reference for the control of non-point source pollution in the basin.
Physiological responses and removal pathways of Auxenochlorella protothecoides, Tetradesmus obliquus and Chlamydomonas acidophila to antibiotics commonly found in wastewater
Authors: Frascaroli Gabriele , Roberts Joanne , Hunter Colin , Escudero Ania 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of mixtures of seven widely used human antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, metronidazole, ofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim) on the growth, pH, pigment production and antibiotics removal of three microalgal species (Auxenochlorella protothecoides, Tetradesmus obliquus, and Chlamydomonas acidophila). Batch assays were carried out containing media with mixtures of pharmaceuticals at three concentrations: 10, 50 and 100 µg L-1. A decrease in the pH and increased production of chlorophylls and carotenoids, up to 40% for A. protothecoides, were observed in the media with the highest concentration of antibiotics. However, no inhibition has been observed in the growth of the three species. The antibiotics were primarily removed through biosorption by the microalgae biomass, ranging between 21 and 70%. Bioaccumulation and biodegradation were only observed for A. protothecoides – a species never investigated before for the removal of antibiotics – presumably due to a rise in the heterotrophic activity selectively triggered by the concentrations of antibiotics. In the present study, it has been observed that physiological responses and the removal of antibiotics by microalgae are interlinked and depend on the levels and types of exogenous compounds.
A Systematic Review on the Efficacy of Artificial Intelligence in Geriatric Healthcare: A Critical Analysis of Current Literature
Authors: RANGRAZE IMRAN , Khan Shehla 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective:To carry out systematic analysis of existing literature on role of Artificial Intelligence in geriatric patient healthcare.
Methods: A detailed online search was carried out using search phrases in reliable sources of information like Pubmed database,Embase database, Ovid database, Global Health database, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Study specific information was gathered, including the organisation, year of publication, nation, setting, design of the research, information about population, size of study sample, group dynamics, eligibility and exclusion requirements, information about intervention, duration of exposure to the intervention , comparators, details of outcome measures, scheduling of evaluations, and consequences. After information gathering, the reviewers gathered to discuss any differences.
Results: 31 studies were finally selected for systemic review. Although there was some disagreement on the acceptance of AI-enhanced treatments in LTC settings, this review indicated that there was little consensus about the efficacy of those initiatives for older individuals. Social robots have been shown to increase social interaction and mood, but the data was more conflicting and less definitive for the other innovations and consequences. The majority of research evaluated a variety of results, which made it impossible to synthesise them in a meaningful way and prevented a meta-analysis. In addition, many studies have moderate to severe bias risks due to underpowered design
Conclusion: It is challenging to determine whether AI supplemented technologies for geriatric patients are significantly beneficial. Although some encouraging findings were made, more study is required.
Temporal trade-off between territorial and thermoregulatory behaviors of a generalist lizard in a dry forest
Authors: Valencia-Esqu Jose Israel , Kiere Lynna Marie , Osorio-Beristain Marcela 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Avoiding dangerously hot body temperatures is important for survival, but animals may perform reproductive behaviors at the expense of behaviors used to cool down (or vice-versa), resulting in a thermoregulation-reproduction trade-off. Although this trade-off has been demonstrated in semi-aquatic animals, it has not been studied in terrestrial ectotherms. This is an important research gap given the importance of survival-reproduction trade-offs in evolutionary ecology and the pace of habitat warming due to vegetation loss and global climate change. We explored this trade-off in territorial males of the lizard Sceloporus ochoterenae, which mates during the hot-dry season in seasonally dry tropical forest. We first confirmed the existence of a temporal trade-off between performing push-ups (a territorial behavioral display) versus sheltering in the shade (thermoregulatory behavior), then used confirmatory path analysis to explore how it is affected by vegetation cover, microclimate temperature, and the presence of a conspecific intruder. We found that territories with less vegetation cover had higher microclimate temperatures, where focal males spent more time performing push-ups at the expense of sheltering in the shade. Focal males also spent more time performing push-ups the longer an intruder was present, who was also affected by the environmental variables. Territorial males spent more time in sunny spots when performing push-ups despite the potential for overheating, perhaps because the display is more effective when performed in the open. The potential effects of continued habitat warming on this trade-off vary widely, including intensifying it, driving lizards to change their daily activity rhythms, and chronic overheating.
Rhizosheath formation in soil depends on mucilage concentration and water content
Authors: Rahim Riffat , Jahromi Omid Esmaeelipoor , Amelung Wulf , Kroener Eva 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Aims: Root exudates contain polymers that form crosslinks and can create a jelly-like substance named mucilage, which adheres to soil and thus promotes the formation of rhizosheath, i.e., of soil that remains attached to roots after gentle shaking. We hypothesized that rhizosheath formation shows an optimum at intermediate mucilage concentration and water content, but that its formation is limited at both high mucilage concentration and dryness as well as at low mucilage concentration and wetness. As parameters are difficult to control in real root-soil systems, we used an artificial root-soil-system where soil moisture and mucilage concentrations could be varied independently from one another in their effect on rhizosheath formation.
Methods: Flax cords were disposed in sandy loam soil and in quartz sand, and in later study they were also amended to different moisture contents with five different concentrations of mucilage (from 0 to 0.2g dry mucilage g-1 water), isolated from chia and flaxseed mucilage after swelling of the respective seeds in distilled water for 15 min.
Results: We found that in dry soil, rhizosheath formation peaked at intermediate mucilage concentration. This behavior was supported by our conceptual model of mucilage spreading and rhizosheath formation, which relies on a radial diffusion equation and assumes that at low mucilage concentration in the added water, molecule numbers are insufficient to support polymer-like networks that stick soil particles together. In a very concentrated gel, in turn, mucilage is too sticky to diffuse far into soil. Increasing soil moisture promotes rhizosheath formation both in low and high mucilage concentration range, though only to intermediate volumetric water contents of 0.15cm cm–3.
Conclusions: We conclude that both water and mucilage concentration are important drivers in rhizosheath formation, but effects are not additive but can combine to an optimum range, with maximum rhizosheath here formed at 0.12 g mucilage g-1 rhizosphere water.
Application of English translation system design based on semantic relation classification in teaching ecological health
Authors: Xie Yanhong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
At present, the teaching ecology in the public environment is not healthy. The relationship between the ecological subjects (teachers and students) is indifferent and lacks resonance. Students' resistance to teaching leads to ineffective teaching. Meanwhile, the accuracy of English machine translation is generally not high, and there are problems such as insufficient accuracy of the semantic classification and unclear semantic expression. To improve the model robustness and solve the semantic classification problem in the NMT task, this paper proposes a lightweight bidirectional LSTM network SAT-BiLSTM (Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory) with an attention mechanism. The SAT-BiLSTM translation network is composed of six decoders and six encoders, and the bidirectional LSTM network with an improved strong attention mechanism is used to process the input text and the output text. Experimental results show that compared with other NMT models, the system improves the translation speed and accuracy, achieves better statistical results on rare words translation, and the semantic classification is more accurate. This study is helpful to improve the effectiveness of English classroom teaching and create a healthy college English classroom ecosystem.
Spatial transcriptomics reveals strong association between SFRP4 and extracellular matrix remodeling in prostate cancer
Authors: Andersen Maria K. , Krossa Sebastian , Midtbust Elise , Pedersen Christine A. , Wess Maximillian , Høiem Therese S. , Viset Trond , Størkersen Øystein , Nervik Ingunn , Sandsmark Elise , Bertilsson Helena , Giskeødegård Guro F. , Rye Morten B. , Tessem May-Britt 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Increased gene expression levels of secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4) is a biomarker in aggressive prostate cancer. Prostate tumor heterogeneity is a major obstacle when studying the biological mechanisms of molecular markers. To understand how SFRP4 relates to prostate cancer we performed comprehensive spatial and multiomics analysis of the same prostate cancer tissue samples. The experimental workflow included spatial transcriptomics, bulk transcriptomics, proteomics, DNA methylomics and tissue staining. SFRP4 mRNA was predominantly located in cancer stroma, produced by fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells, and co-expressed with extracellular matrix components. We also confirmed that higher SFRP4gene expression is associated with cancer aggressiveness. Gene expression of SFRP4was affected by gene promotor methylation. Surprisingly, the high mRNA levels did not reflect SFRP4 protein levels, which was much lower. This study contributes previously unknown insights of SFRP4 mRNA in the prostate tumor environment that potentially can improve diagnosis and treatment.
Teaser: Combining a comprehensive set of different methods on the same samples reveals new understanding of SFRP4 in prostate cancer
Suspended Load Modeling of River using Soft Computing Techniques
Authors: Moradinejad Amir 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The phenomenon of sediment transport has always affected many river and civil structures. Not knowing the exact amount causes a lot of damage. Therefore, it is very important to correctly estimate the sediment load of rivers in terms of sedimentation, erosion, and flood control. In this research, adaptive neuro-fuzzy models (ANFIS), gene expression programming (GEP), support vector regression (SVR), Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH), and the classical method of sediment rating curve (SRC) were used to model and prediction. For this purpose, the daily data of temperature, rainfall, sediment, and discharge of the Jalair station located in the Markazi province of Iran were used. The results obtained from these five methods were compared with each other and with the measured data. To evaluate the used methods, correlation coefficient, root mean square error, mean absolute error, and Taylor diagram were used. The results show the acceptable performance of data mining methods compared to the Sediment rating curve. Also, the superiority of the model (GEP) was shown with the highest coefficient of determination R2 with a value of 0.98 and the lowest root mean square error RMSE in terms of tons per day with a value of 3721. The efficiency of the ANFIS and GMDH model with R2 values of 0.93, 0.98, and RMSE values of 16556, and 18638 was somewhat better than the SVR model with an R2 value of 0.90 and RMSE value of 35158. Data mining-based methods can be used as an alternative to estimate the suspended load of the river.
Development of a novel microhaplotype panel for steelhead/rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and application for phylogenetic analysis in California
Authors: Gall Ronan Le , Barthelemy Noé , Clemento Anthony J. , Columbus Cassondra D. , Campbell Ellen , Correa Elenea C. A. , Rodzen Jeff A. , Garza John Carlos , Pearse Devon E. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

The rapid advance of high-throughput sequencing has prompted a transition in wildlife and fisheries genetics from using microsatellites toward markers that are more amenable to genotyping by sequencing. Microhaplotypes are novel multi-allelic genetic markers that utilize a high-throughput genomic amplicon sequencing approach to genotype large numbers of individuals for parentage and kinship analysis and population genetic studies, including applications in monitoring and fisheries management. We describe the development of a panel of microhaplotypes for Oncorhynchus mykiss, a species of high cultural and economic importance both in its native range in the North American and the Kamchatka Peninsula of northeast Asia, and globally through introductions for aquaculture and due to its reputation as a prized sport fish among recreational fishers. The panel includes 124 loci presumed to be neutral, a marker for the sex determination locus (SdY), and 10 loci targeting previously identified adaptive genomic variants associated with important life-history traits in this species. We demonstrate that this panel provides high resolution for phylogeographic and other genetic analysis and provide an initial standardized reference population genetic baseline of California O. mykiss.
Ebola Virus NP Binding to Host Protein Phosphatase-1 Regulates Capsid Formation
Authors: Ahmad Asrar , Tigabu Bersabeh , Ivanov Andrey , Jerebtsova Marina , Ammosova Tatiana , Ramanathan Palaniappan , Kumari Namita , Brantner Christine A. , Pietzsch Colette A. , Abdullah Ghadeer , Popratiloff Anastas , Widen Steve , Bukreyev Alexander , Nekhai Sergei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Ebola virus (EBOV) transcriptional regulation involves host protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A, which dephosphorylate the transcriptional cofactor of EBOV polymerase VP30. The 1E7-03 compound, which targets PP1, induces VP30 phosphorylation and inhibits EBOV infection. This study aimed to investigate the role of PP1 in EBOV replication. When EBOV-infected cells were continuously treated with 1E7-03, the NP E619K mutation was selected. This mutation moderately reduced EBOV minigenome transcription, which was restored by the treatment with 1E7-03. Formation of EBOV capsids, when NP was co-expressed with VP24 and VP35, was impaired with NPE 619K. Treatment with 1E7-03 restored capsid formation by NP E619K mutation, but inhibited capsids formed by WT NP. The dimerization of NP E619K, tested in a split NanoBiT assay, was significantly decreased (~ 15-fold) compared to WT NP. NP E619K bound more efficiently to PP1 (~ 3-fold) but not B56 subunit of PP2A or VP30. Cross-linking and co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed fewer monomers and dimers for NP E619K which were increased with 1E7-03 treatment. NP E619K showed increased co-localization with PP1α compared to WT NP. Mutations of potential PP1 binding sites and NP deletions disrupted its interaction with PP1. Collectively, our findings suggest that PP1 binding to the NP regulates NP dimerization and capsid formation, and that NP E619K mutation, which has the enhanced PP1 binding, disrupts these processes. Our results point to a new role for PP1 in EBOV replication in which NP binding to PP1 may facilitate viral transcription by delaying capsid formation and EBOV replication.
Morphological and genetic diversity in Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc., infecting groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: shera Prabhu Narayan Meena , ashok Ashok Kumar Meena , chet Chet Ram 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an oilseed crop largely grown throughout the world. Ten isolates of S. rolfsii collected from groundnut grown areas were investigated for their morphological and genetic variability study. Morphological variability among the isolates was confirmed based on sclerotia distribution pattern, colours of sclerotia, number of sclerotia produced by isolate, weight of hundred sclerotia and different diameter sizes of sclerotia. Genetic diversity among the isolates was confirmed by using ITS primers that produced rDNA amplicon size ranging from 650-700bp which confirmed that all isolates belong to Sclerotium. RAPD primers confirmed genetic variation among the isolates. Highest numbers of amplicons (13) were observed in the OPA-9 primer. 105 polymorphic and monomorphic bands were produced by RAPD primers. Isolates SrA-SrH (0.575), SrBKN-SrA (0.384) and SrBKN-SrBKL (0.330) exhibited highest similarity coefficient. Based on dendrogram generated by UPGMA, SrBKN, SrA, SrH, SrJPF, SrJPP and SrT isolates were considered in Groups I. SrBKL shows highest (51%) diversity in Group II while Churu (SrC) isolate showed 49% diversity in Group III. Dendrogram and cluster analysis cleared that Group I was more genetically diverse among the isolates. Morphological and molecular diagnosis of the pathogen has a pivotal role in the implementation of chemical (fungicide) and biological (bio-agents) methods. Morphological study and diagnosis of pathogen by ITS and RAPD primers further exploited for genetically diverse strains of S.rolfsii.