bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radar and ground-level measurements of clouds and precipitation collected during the POPE 2020 campaign at Princess Elisabeth Antarctica
Authors: Ferrone Alfonso , Berne Alexis 
Published: March 2023

Abstract. The datasets presented in this article were collected during a 4-month measurement campaign at the Belgian research base Princess Elisabeth Antarctica (PEA).
The campaign, named PEA Orographic Precipitation Experiment (POPE), was conducted by the Environmental Remote Sensing Laboratory of the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, with the logistical support of the International Polar Foundation, between the end of November 2019 and the beginning of February 2020.
The datasets have been collected at five different sites.
A W-band Doppler cloud profiler and a multi-angle snowflake camera (MASC) have been deployed in the immediate proximity of the main building of the station.
An X-band dual-polarization Doppler scanning weather radar was installed 1.9 km southeast of PEA.
Information on the various hydrometeor types have been derived from its measurements and from the images collected by the MASC.
The remaining three sites were located in a transect across the mountain chain south of the base, between 7 and 17 km apart from each other. At each site, a K-band Doppler profiler and an automated weather station have been deployed.
A pyrgeometer and a pyranometer accompanied the instruments at the site in the middle of the transect. The radar variables and the measurements collected by the weather stations and radiometers are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7428690 (Ferrone and Berne, 2023c).
The Doppler spectra are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7507087 (Ferrone and Berne, 2023a) and https://doi.org/10.5075/epfl-lte-299685
(Ferrone and Berne, 2023b).
A case study, covering the precipitation event recorded on 23 December 2019, is presented to illustrate the various datasets.
Overall, the availability of radar measurements over a complex terrain, relatively far from a scientific base, is extremely rare in the Antarctic context and opens a wide range of possibilities for precipitation studies over the region.
Meralgia Paresthetica Review: Update on Presentation, Pathophysiology, and Treatment
Authors: Gomez Yanet de la Caridad , Remotti Edgar , Momah Deandra Uju , Zhang Emily , Swanson Daniel D. , Kim Rosa , Urits Ivan , Kaye Alan D. , Robinson Christopher L 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of Review Meralgia paresthetica (MP) is a condition characterized by paresthesias, neuropathic pain, and alterations in sensorium of the anterolateral thigh secondary to impingement of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN). MP is generally diagnosed by clinical history and is often a diagnosis of exclusion. When diagnosis remains a challenge, diagnostic modalities such as ultrasound, MRI, electromyography, and nerve conduction studies have been utilized as an adjunct. This review summarizes the most recent medical literature regarding MP, its pathophysiology, presentation, and current treatment options. Recent Findings Treatment options for patients with MP range from lifestyle modifications and conservative management to surgical procedures. Initial management is often conservative with symptoms managed with medications. When conservative management fails, the next step is regional blocks followed by surgical management. The conflicting data for treatment options for MP highlight how the evidence available does not point to a single approach that’s universally effective for treating all patients with MP. Summary Despite the apparent success at treating MP with regional blocks and surgical interventions, much remains to be known about the dosing, frequency, and optimal interventions due to the inconclusive results of current studies. Further research including randomized controlled trials are needed to better understand the most optimal treatment options for MP including studies with a larger number of participants.
Government revenue in the wake of the pandemic. Tax residuals and inflation
Authors: García-Miralles Esteban , Martínez Pagés Jorge 
Published: March 2023

Rationale
Following the COVID-19 pandemic, tax revenue has shown strong dynamism, increasing as a proportion of GDP by 3.7 percentage points since 2019. Understanding the nature of this dynamism is key to assessing Spanish fiscal policy. Takeaways • This article breaks down revenue growth into four explanatory factors: real economic activity, price growth, the effect of fiscal measures and an unexplained component or tax residual. • The effect of prices (inflation) has been gaining weight and appears to account for somewhat more than half of the revenue growth observed in 2022, especially from VAT and personal income tax. • It is estimated that 2.6 percentage points of the 3.7 percentage point increase in the revenue-to-GDP ratio cannot be explained by the changes in economic activity, prices or the fiscal measures approved. In the absence of an explanation about the permanent or temporary nature of this phenomenon, the principle of prudence would advise against considering this increase in revenue to be permanent.
تحسين جودة التوفيق لأنموذج الاستجابة الثنائي مع التطبيق العملي على المصابين بوباء Covid-19
Authors: عبد الرحيم مشتاق , جواد علي 
Published: March 2023

تعد دراسة المتغيرات التابعة الثنائية من العمليات المهمة في وقتنا الحاضر لكثرة الظواهر التي توصف بهذه الطريقة ويعد انموذج الاستجابة الثنائي من اهم الوسائل لتمثيل هذا النوع من الظواهر، كما تعد عملية اختيار المتغيرات المستقلة التي تؤثر على المتغيرات التابعة الثنائية ضرورية جدا. تضمنت الدراسة استعمال اسلوبين، الاول هو الاسلوب التجريبي (محاكاة) والاسلوب الثاني هو التطبيقي على المصابين بوباء كورونا وقد تم استعمال ثلاث طرائق لاختيار افضل انموذج استجابة ثنائي وهي طريقة التقدم الامامي، و طريقة الحذف العكسي ،و طريقة مقترحة و هي طريقة التحليل العاملي مع اختبار جودة التوفيق للأنموذج النهائي الناتج عن كل طريقة باستعمال اختبارين هما اختبار الانحراف (D) واختبار هوزمر- ليمشو (H&L) و تمت المقارنة بين النماذج النهائية الناتجة عن الطرائق الثلاث باستعمال ثلاثة معايير و هي معيار نسبة الامكان الاعظم(MLR) و معيار المعلومات لـ اكاكي (ِAIC) و معيار المعلومات البيزي (BIC) و بينت النتائج ان للعوامل الناتجة عن التحليل العاملي قدرة على تقليل نسبة الامكان الاعظم افضل من اي تشكيلة مختارة من المتغيرات المستقلة باستعمال احدى طرائق الاختيار الاخرى، ومن ثم فان معايير اختيار افضل انموذج التي تعتمد على نسبة الامكان الاعظم وهما (AIC , BIC) تعطي افضلية للعوامل الناتجة عن طريقة التحليل العاملي على حساب المتغيرات المستقلة الناتجة عن طريقتي التقدم الامامي والحذف العكسي. كما بينت النتائج ايضا انه كلما كان عدد المتغيرات المستقلة التي لها تأثير معنوي على الانموذج كثيرة كلما اعطت العوامل نتائج افضل حسب المعايير المستخدمة. و أظهرت النتائج الاسلوب التطبيقي ان المتغيرين المستقلين عمر المريض والتدخين لهما اكثر تأثير على حياة المصابين بوباء كورونا.
Comment dire sans dire?
Authors: Rittaud-Hutinet Chantal 
Published: March 2023

Lorsque, pour faire part de ses opinions, de ses goûts, de ses états d’âme, de ses aversions, l’énonciateur emploie un discours ou un méta-discours non-verbal, cela signifie qu’il le fait avec des intonations expressives. Celles-ci remplacent les mots correspondants. Elles sont d’une grande richesse et d’une grande variété.
La composante vocale donne à l’énonciateur la capacité de faire avancer très rapidement le développement de son thème, et elle lui offre de nombreuses facilités pour des stratégies discursives, comme : gauchir le sens dénoté de ses mots, le renforcer, le contester, l’infirmer, en réduire la portée, ménager sa face et celle de l’allocutaire. Il transmet alors à la dérobée jugement, moquerie, insinuation, réserve, surprise, suggestion, espoir, réprobation, conseil, appréciation, remontrance, colère, conviction, demande de connivence, compassion...
Avec des exemples (conversations non préparées, film) où l’acoustique est la seule marque qui guide le destinataire vers l’interprétation du non-dit de l’énonciateur, est analysé le signifié pragmatique et le signifiant des unités linguistiques de l’intonation expressive que sont les signes vocaux. Une comparaison est ensuite établie entre les façons dont deux méthodes de fle traitent l’acte de langage non verbal, et leurs rapports avec la réalité du phénomène. Puis sont exposés rapidement le cadre et les procédures de la recherche en phonopragmatique.
oral au service de l'apprentissage de la grammaire du français langue étrangère
Authors: Kalmbach Jean-Michel 
Published: March 2023

Dans l’enseignement du français (langue maternelle ou étrangère), l’oral est souvent vu comme un facteur de trouble, parce qu’il met en question un grand nombre de règles de la norme de l’écrit. Dans l’enseignement du FLE, où la description et la compréhension de l’oral jouent pourtant un rôle bien plus important que pour les locuteurs natifs, il reste, du fait de la tradition et de la préséance de l’écrit, essentiellement relégué au rang de curiosité. Dans cet article, nous montrons que l’on pourrait au contraire l’exploiter et le valoriser en le mettant au service de l’apprentissage de la grammaire du français. Nous prendrons comme exemple la règle « de cacophonie » (chute de l’article des/du après la préposition de), qui est source de grandes difficultés dans l’apprentissage du français et qui bénéficie grandement d’un traitement par le biais de l’oral.
Introduction
Authors: Renard Raymond 
Published: March 2023

Cette nouvelle livraison de Langue(s) & Parole est un numéro monographique sur l'enseignement plurilingue, et aborde les mesures prises ou à prendre pour rendre plurilingue la plus grande partie de la population. Autrement dit comment introduire et généraliser l’enseignement plurilingue dans les structures d’enseignement primaire et secondaire. Conformément aux principes et objectifs adoptés par la Revue dès sa création, la problématique ainsi posée est envisagée dans une triple perspective : événementielle, théorique et sociétale.
Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 in Children with Cholestatic Diseases and Pediatric Liver Transplantation
Authors: V. Gautier Sergey , P. Shevchenko Olga , M. Tsirulnikova Olga , M. Kurabekova Rivada , E. Pashkova Irina 
Published: March 2023

The growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1 (GH/IGF-1) system is the most important regulator of growth, regeneration, and metabolism in children and adults. Children with congenital cholestatic diseases have elevated GH blood levels, which is combined with growth failure and body mass deficit. Congenital cholestatic diseases lead to end-stage liver disease (ESLD), where GH bioavailability, mediated through IGF-1, is impaired. Blood IGF-1 levels are decreased due to impaired production by the liver. This study included 148 children up to 5 years (60 months) old with congenital cholestatic diseases. The patients underwent liver transplantation (LT) at a leading transplant center in Russia. The clinical significance of the GH/IGF-1 axis in pediatric liver recipients was investigated. Relationship between the patients’ GH/IGF-1 levels and anthropometric parameters was analyzed before and after LT. It was shown that LT leads to renewal/recovery of GH-IGF-1 regulation and improved anthropometric parameters (body height and body mass) in pediatric recipients.
Recent Advances in Clinical Diagnosis and Pharmacotherapy Options of Membranous Nephropathy in Iraqi Patients
Authors: Lateif Al Geboury Ali , Hameed Al-Bahrani Maha , Mohameed Alsayhood Nawar 
Published: March 2023

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is one of the various glomerular diseases causing nephrotic syndrome, also referred to as membranous glomerulopathy. It can be diagnosed at any age in general, and males are more often affected than females (with the sex ratio being 2–3:1). Membranous nephropathy is a relatively rare disease in adults (approximately half of all cases are common in older White adults). Statistical analysis shows that 80% of patients with MN have high creatinine level, dyslipidemia, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria more than (3.5 g/day), and fluid retention (edema), while 20% with asymptomatic with non-nephrotic levels of proteinuria (< 3.5 gram/day) involves the reaction of an inflammatory process in the basement membrane. It can be distinguished from nephritic syndromes by the absence of active sediments, hematuria, and red cell casts in urine microscopy. The two main causes of nephrotic range proteinuria are the loss of the anionic charge barrier in the membrane and podocyte destruction, which results in albuminuria. The field has advanced greatly and quickly over the past 10 years thanks to the development of cutting-edge instruments for disease diagnosis, classification, monitoring, and treatment. This core curriculum aims to serve as both a broad guide for the clinical management of disease and an overview of recent developments in the field. In the review, we critically summarized different diagnosis biomarker therapies used for the treatment of MN patients in Iraq. These groundbreaking discoveries were swiftly applied to clinical diagnosis and management. The diagnosis and treatment monitoring processes benefited significantly from significant advancements in detection techniques.
Quantitative Imaging Analysis Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Validation for Clinical HER2 Testing in Breast Cancer
Authors: Wilcock Diane M. , Moore Kristina H. , Rowe Leslie , Mahlow Jonathan , Jedrzkiewicz Jolanta , Cleary Allison S. , Lomo Lesley , Ruano Ana L. , Gering Maarika , Bradshaw Derek , Maughan Meghan , Tran Phuong , Burlingame Jesse , Davis Richard , Affolter Kajsa , Albertson Daniel J. , Adelhardt Parisa , Kim Jong Take , Coleman Joshua F. , Deftereos Georgios , Gulbahce Evin H. , Sirohi Deepika 
Published: March 2023

Context.—
Quantitative imaging is a promising tool that is gaining wide use across several areas of pathology. Although there has been increasing adoption of morphologic and immunohistochemical analysis, the adoption of evaluation of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue has been limited because of complexity and lack of practice guidelines.

Objective.—
To perform human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) FISH validation in breast carcinoma in accordance with the American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists (ASCO/CAP) 2018 guideline.

Design.—
Clinical validation of HER2 FISH was performed using the US Food and Drug Administration–approved dual-probe HER2 IQFISH (Dako, Carpinteria, California) with digital scanning performed on a PathFusion (Applied Spectral Imaging, Carlsbad, California) system. Validation parameters evaluated included z-stacking, classifier, accuracy, precision, software, and hardware settings. Finally, we evaluated the performance of digital enumeration on clinical samples in a real-world setting.

Results.—
The accuracy samples showed a final concordance of 95.3% to 100% across HER2 groups 1 to 5. During clinical implementation for HER2 groups 2, 3, and 4, we achieved a final concordance of 76% (95 of 125). Of these cases, only 8% (10 of 125) had discordances with clinical impact that could be identified algorithmically and triaged for manual review.

Conclusions.—
Digital FISH enumeration is a useful tool to improve the efficacy of HER2 FISH enumeration and capture genetic heterogeneity across HER2 signals. Excluding cases with high background or poor image quality and manual review of cases with ASCO/CAP group discordances can further improve the efficiency of digital HER2 FISH enumeration.
Maritime borders in the Central Mediterranean: Search and Rescue and access to asylum
Authors: Trombetta Isabella 
Published: March 2023

The article argues that the border for migrants in the Central Mediterranean can only be identified by intertwining provisions of international maritime law and international humanitarian norms to find that the border is shifted on board of the boats that perform Search and Rescue (SAR) or Interdiction Operations regardless of their position on the map and of the official borders created by International Treaties. By highlighting the discrepancy between the restrictive political/operational trends and the legal commitment towards search and rescue and maritime borders, this article demonstrates how European human rights jurisprudence on search and rescue and non-refoulement shaped the European response at sea and determined the shifting of maritime borders on board of the boats performing rescues or interceptions. As a consequence, this explains the criminalization of SAR NGOs, which become unwanted border outposts at Sea.
El artículo sostiene que la frontera para los migrantes en el Mediterráneo Central sólo puede identificarse entrelazando las disposiciones del derecho marítimo internacional y las normas humanitarias internacionales, llegando a la conclusión de que la frontera se desplaza a bordo de las embarcaciones que realizan operaciones de búsqueda y salvamento (SAR), independientemente de su posición en el mapa y de las fronteras oficiales creadas por los Tratados Internacionales. Al poner de relieve la discrepancia entre las tendencias políticas/operativas restrictivas y el compromiso jurídico en materia de búsqueda y salvamento y fronteras marítimas, este artículo demuestra cómo la jurisprudencia europea de derechos humanos en materia de búsqueda y salvamento y de no devolución configuró la respuesta europea en el mar y determinó el desplazamiento de las fronteras marítimas a bordo de las embarcaciones que realizan operaciones de rescate o interceptación. Circunstancia que explica la criminalización de las ONG SAR, las cuales se instituyen en puestos fronterizos no deseados en el mar.
Melting of silicon surfaces by high-power pulsed microwave radiation
Authors: James R. B. , Bolton P. R. , Alvarez R. A. , Christie W. H. , Valiga R. E. 
Published: July 2002

We have measured the microwave-induced melting and damage to the near-surface region of arsenic-implanted silicon for 1–2 μs pulses at a frequency of 2.856 GHz and an incident pulse power of up to 9 MW. Rectangular samples were irradiated by single-pass TE10 traveling wave pulses inside a WR-284 waveguide, and time-resolved in situ and post-irradiation studies were performed to characterize the material modifications induced by the microwave pulses. The test chamber where the specimens were irradiated was either evacuated to a pressure of 10−7–10−6 Torr or filled with a 30-psig pressure of Freon-12. Incident, transmitted, and reflected powers were monitored with directional couplers and fast diodes. The results of the time-resolved optical measurements for samples irradiated in vacuum show that melting of the near-surface region occurs for pulse powers exceeding 3 MW, and that the surface melting is accompanied by a large increase in the reflected microwave power. The onset of the enhanced reflectivity is measured at an earlier time as the microwave power is increased, and once the abrupt increase in the reflectivity is observed, it persists throughout the remainder of the pulse. Simultaneous with the onset of surface damage, we observe a large enhancement in the emission of light from the sample. Results are presented for the temporal behavior and spectral components of the fluorescence as a function of the incident microwave power. The gas pressure in the test cell was also monitored, and a large increase in the gas pressure was detected at the same pulse power as the threshold for the sudden increase in the microwave reflectivity. The large increments in the reflected microwave power, light emission, and gas pressure are attributed to the formation of a plasma due to gas breakdown at (or near) the sample surface.
Examination of the irradiated specimens shows that the melting and damage are not homogeneous over the surface, and the degree of energy deposition from the microwave pulses depends on the ambient gas in the test cell. Using secondary ion mass spectrometry, we find that microwave pulses at a power of 8 MW cause melting and vaporization of the near-surface region up to depths that exceed 1 μm.
Structure and magnetic properties of compositionally modulated Tb-Fe thin films (abstract)
Authors: Choe G. , Walser R. M. 
Published: July 2002

Artificially layered structures have attracted attention because of their unique structural and magnetic characteristics. It has been reported that in these structures the anisotropic distribution of atomic pairs can play an important role in determining their magnetic anisotropy.1 Our previous work showed that the application of substrate bias in a rf diode sputtering system was effective in producing dense and stable amorphous compositionally modulated films (CMFs).2 In this work, we studied the interrelationships of the structural and magnetic properties of amorphous Tb-Fe CMFs deposited under various substrate bias conditions (0, −70, −90 V) in a multitarget rf diode sputtering system. Although considerable research has been conducted on the effect of ion bombardment during deposition on the film structure, it has been difficult to independently control the film structure and the composition in such experiments because of the preferential backsputtering of atoms.
Accordingly, in this research we systematically prepared Tb-Fe CMFs by independently controlling the rf voltage ratio of both the Tb and Fe targets, thereby allowing the composition of the film to be held constant as the substrate bias was changed. In contrast to alloy films, atomic clustering was observed in ultrathin layered films and produced anomalous structural and magnetic property changes, e.g., a shift in the room-temperature compensation composition (25 at. % Tb for −70 V biased films and 23 at. % Tb for −90 V biased films), higher Curie temperatures, and an increased compositional range over which amorphous phase was stable. The atomic arrangements in layered films were modified by a variation of deposition parameters such as layer periodicity, substrate bias, and composition. Although all the bias-sputtered CMF films, except those with small Tb content (&lt;18 at. % Tb), had a dense and featureless amorphous structure, electron diffraction revealed significant differences in atomic short-range ordering for different Tb compositions. The results indicated that the magnetic moments of the Fe atoms in the CMF were increased by an enhanced pair ordering of like atoms produced by the alternate deposition of ultrathin layers. This result was consistent with the observed anomalies in magnetic properties.