bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Size effects in numerical homogenization of polycrystalline silicon
Authors: Weber Martin , Aßmus Marcus , Glüge Rainer , von Zabiensky Max , Altenbach Holm 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA current topic in the photovoltaic industry is the analysis and evaluation of possible structural and material properties. This requires the effective material characteristics of polycrystalline silicon, which is an important component for the functional performance of the photovoltaic modules in use. Since this assessment is associated with high costs, it is to be carried out already in the product development process. Due to very thin silicon layers, the effect of the layer thickness on the effective material characteristics has to be investigated (see ). In this work, a procedure to determine these characteristic values is listed to investigate the size effect on different film thicknesses of this material (see ). With the knowledge of the properties of the silicon single crystal with its cubic symmetry on the micro level, a homogenization of the properties to the macro level can be done. The polycrystal structure with a cubic sample geometry forms the macro level. This structure is now cut into thinning layers for investigation. The open‐source software Neper is used to create the crystal structure and the inter‐connectivity for this purpose. With the help of Matlab, this information is passed on to the finite element program Abaqus, where the results are evaluated after an elastic calculation using Python. The focus is on the expected change in material properties as a function of the layer thickness.
Topological design factor optimization in the development of periodic‐type honeycomb lattice structure on the carbon fiber reinforced polyethylene terephthalate glycol composite
Authors: Palaniyappan Sabarinathan , Sivakumar Narain Kumar , Sikder Prabaha , Alodhayb Abdullah , Muthuramamoorthy Muthumareeswaran 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn most of the automobile and aerospace materials, cellular structures are extensively used due to their lightweight and high energy absorption capabilities. Naturally available animal bones and plant stems are light in weight due to their natural cellular structures. This may inspire various researchers for integrating the various lattice structures such as beam, planar, triply periodic minimal surfaces, and voronoi structures on the various structural materials. The development of lattice structures using 3D printing technology has opened up major attention towards fabricating lightweight components without any complications. In this study, the detailed crashworthiness responses such as compressive strength was optimized in terms of varying the topology‐related factors on the carbon fiber reinforced polyethylene terephthalate glycol (CF/PETG) composite. The experimentation was conducted concerning variable topology factors such as shell thickness, unit cell type, wall thickness (WT), unit cell orientation (UCO), skewing angle, and unit cell size. The model was examined and optimized by means of the Taguchi optimization technique. The crashworthiness response was analyzed using the compression test and moreover, this experimental response is used for the optimization processes. From the observation, the topology factors which contributed more for the higher compressive strength will be UCO of 65.47% and WT of 15.20%. Results of the regression study show that theRsquare value with concern to the compressive strength will be 92.74%. The optimized design parametric condition for CF/PETG composite established a higher compressive strength of 41.179 MPa, From the overall results, it is clear that the variation in the topology factors has developed a huge and favorable impact on the mechanical characteristics of the lattice‐structured CF/PETG polymer composite.HighlightsHexagonal Lattice structure incorporation on the carbon fiber reinforced PETG composite.Design optimization on the compressive properties.Taguchi optimization is performed on design‐based lattice structures.Unit cell orientation has higher percentage contribution on compressive strength.
MicroRNAs as critical regulators in liver fibrosis
Authors: Wang Xiaolin , Zai Qiuhong , He Yong , Xie Qing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLiver fibrosis, a common characteristic of chronic liver diseases, is a major challenge to global health. The progression of liver fibrosis is responsible for liver‐related morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis remains unclear and an effective therapy has not yet been developed. Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is well‐known to act as a central driver of liver fibrosis, while resident and infiltrating inflammatory cells further modulate HSC activation via extracellular signals. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that are critical regulators for liver physiological and pathological processes by negatively regulating target gene expression and facilitating intercellular communication. Here, we review the involvement of miRNAs in the development and progression of liver fibrosis in various hepatic cells, including HSCs, hepatocytes, and inflammatory cells, and discuss the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for liver fibrosis.
Farming cattle in the tropics: Transnational science and industrializing pastures in Brazil
Authors: Nehring Ryan 
Published: September 2023

Societal Impact StatementSociety is increasingly concerned over the environmental impact of diets. Much of this concern is over the environmentally destructive nature of meat production, especially beef and especially in the Amazon. This article aims to understand the production of beef in Brazil through the understudied perspective of forage grasses. In doing so, the article traces who was involved in the importation and improvement of forage grasses in Brazil, why they were involved, and what the consequences of their actions were. By centering forage grasses, we can better understand the potential consequences of seemingly unimportant plant breeding efforts.Summary

Beef is viewed by many as one of the more environmentally destructive foods today. Whether it is deforestation in the Amazon or concentrated feedlots, the rancher and the cow have come to epitomize the dangers of a global industrial food system. This article looks at the industrialization of beef cattle from another angle, a bit closer to the ground. It looks at the role and circulation of plants and plant breeders in the expansion of beef cattle in the Brazilian tropics.
The article draws on documents collected from the institutional archives of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, known by its Portuguese acronym Embrapa and the Rockefeller Archive Center. Additional archival documents were acquired by a personal contact. Embrapa was established in 1973, but its archives contain documents from Brazilian agricultural research agencies from as far back as 1952. Documents from the Rockefeller Archive Center include research bulletins and reports from Nelson Rockefeller's IBEC Research Institute (IRI), which conducted research on forage grasses from the 1950s until the 1970s.
The article puts forth the argument that imported and improved forage grasses made large‐scale cattle ranching environmentally viable and economically profitable in Brazil. One type of grass in particular, Brachiaria, was central in propelling Brazil as the world's largest producer of beef and underpinning perhaps the most environmentally and socially destructive cattle ranching system in the world. Brachiaria was a key biological and technological input to further entrench longstanding structural inequalities of land ownership.
One of the key conclusions of this article is that perspectives from the margins can be illustrative of how seemingly unimportant research (forage grass breeding) can have massive consequences as part of a broader socio‐environmental system.
The molecular details of a novel phosphorylation‐dependent interaction between MRN and the SOSS complex
Authors: El‐Kamand Serene , Adams Mark N. , Matthews Jacqueline M. , Du Plessis Mar‐Dean , Crossett Ben , Connolly Angela , Breen Natasha , Dudley Alexander , Richard Derek J. , Gamsjaeger Roland , Cubeddu Liza 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe repair of double‐strand DNA breaks (DSBs) by homologous recombination is crucial in the maintenance of genome integrity. While the key role of the Mre11‐Rad50‐Nbs1 (MRN) complex in repair is well known, hSSB1 (SOSSB and OBFC2B), one of the main components of the sensor of single‐stranded DNA (SOSS) protein complex, has also been shown to rapidly localize to DSB breaks and promote repair. We have previously demonstrated that hSSB1 binds directly to Nbs1, a component of the MRN complex, in a DNA damage‐independent manner. However, recruitment of the MRN complex has also been demonstrated by an interaction between Integrator Complex Subunit 3 (INTS3; also known as SOSSA), another member of the SOSS complex, and Nbs1. In this study, we utilize a combined approach of in silico, biochemical, and functional experiments to uncover the molecular details of INTS3 binding to Nbs1. We demonstrate that the forkhead‐associated domain of Nbs1 interacts with INTS3 via phosphorylation‐dependent binding to INTS3 at Threonine 592, with contributions from Serine 590. Based on these data, we propose a model of MRN recruitment to a DSB via INTS3.
Sex differences in right ventricular function between Groups 1 and 3 pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Kazmirczak Felipe , Thenappan Thenappan , Prins Kurt W. , Prisco Sasha Z. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGroup 3 pulmonary hypertension (PH) patients have disproportionate right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) compared to pulmonary arterial hypertension. We evaluated how sex and PH etiology modulated RVD. Strain echocardiography showed no intrasex differences between PH types. Heightened RVD in Group 3 PH may be due to a greater male proportion.
Understanding the behavior of ESG in both OPEC and non‐OPEC countries? The implications for sustainable development reaching
Authors: Peng Xin‐Yu , Zou Xing‐Yun , Zhao Xin‐Xin , Chang Chun‐Ping 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEnvironmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance has increasingly become the most pressing concern for governments, social organizations, companies, and other stakeholders. Understanding macro ESG behavior can assist governments in achieving their sustainable development goals (SDGs). In this paper, we investigate whether the macro ESG index of OPEC and non‐OPEC oil‐producing countries over the period 1990–2020 exhibits mean‐reversion behavior and whether the external shocks are transient or permanent. By conducting a series of advanced panel stationarity tests, we find that the macro ESG indices of the sample countries do not exhibit mean‐reversion and that an external shock has a permanent effect. We also identifies the yearly structural breaks that occur in the sample countries and attempts to explain why. Our research suggests that governments should use policy interventions to counteract external shocks to macro ESG behavior so as to achieve sustainable development and long‐term performance stability.
The Poster Carousel in theESLClassroom: What Happens to Learners'L2Fluency During Same and Parallel‐Task Repetition?
Authors: Hunter Ann‐Marie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper reports on the impact of an English as a Second Language (ESL) speaking activity—the poster carousel—on English learners' second language (L2) fluency. Two versions of the poster carousel were developed to observe the effect of talking about (a) the same poster three times (same‐task repetition) or (b) three different posters (parallel‐task repetition). 46 ESL learners took part, and their performances were audio‐recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using PRAAT to detail their L2 utterance fluency. The findings suggest that learners were more fluent during repeated performances in thesame‐task repetitionposter carousel group. No changes in fluency were observed for theparallel‐task repetitionposter carousel group. A detailed case study explores these observed fluency increases in the same‐task repetition group and generates further hypotheses for empirical exploration. Some observations are made which relate to the selection of fluency measures in L2 fluency research.
Toxicity of triclosan, an antimicrobial agent, to a nontarget freshwater zooplankton species, Moina macrocopa
Authors: Samarakoon Thilomi , Fujino Takeshi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe toxicity of triclosan (TCS) on the freshwater cladoceran Moina macrocopa was investigated by acute and chronic toxicity assessments followed by genotoxicity and oxidative stress response analyses. The 48‐h LC50 of TCS for ≤24‐h‐old M. macrocopa was determined as 539 μg L−1. Chronic exposure to TCS at concentrations ranging from 5 to 100 μg L−1 showed a stimulatory effect at low concentrations (≤10 μg L−1) and an inhibitory effect at high concentrations (≥50 μg L−1) on growth, reproduction, and population‐growth‐related parameters of M. macrocopa. The genotoxicity test results indicated that TCS concentrations ranging from 50 to 100 μg L−1 can alter individuals' DNA. Analysis of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT) and glutathione s‐transferase (GST) demonstrated increased levels of these enzymes at high TCS concentrations. Our results indicated that TCS concentrations found in the natural environment have minimal acute toxicity to M. macrocopa. However, TCS at even low concentrations can significantly affect its growth, reproduction, and population‐growth‐related characteristics. The observed responses suggest a hormetic dose–response pattern and imply a potential endocrine‐disrupting effect of TCS. Our molecular and biochemical findings indicated that high concentrations of TCS have the potential to induce oxidative stress that may lead to DNA alterations in M. macrocopa.
Pneumocephalus and meningoencephalitis as a complication of otitis media in a dog
Authors: Lluesma Begoña , Mari Lorenzo , Benigni Livia , Muñiz Moris Laura 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA 3‐year‐old Maltese dog presented with vestibular signs that worsened after a grass seed was removed from the right external ear canal. Neurological examination was suggestive of a brainstem lesion. Magnetic resonance imaging of the head was performed, and findings were consistent with infectious meningoencephalitis and otogenic pneumocephalus secondary to intracranial extension of right otitis media. A culture of the right middle ear effusion yieldedStaphylococcus epidermidis. The dog was euthanased under general anaesthesia due to worsening of the cardiovascular and respiratory parameters. Pneumocephalus in dogs has been described secondary to surgery, trauma, meningocele and meningoencephalocele. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case report describing otogenic pneumocephalus in a dog.
Current landscape of treating different cancers using nanomedicines: Trends and perspectives
Authors: Morales Carolina Salvador , Grodzinski Piotr 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe efforts to use novel nanotechnologies in medicine and cancer have been widespread. In order to understand better the focus areas of cancer nanomedicine research to date, we conducted a survey of nanomedicine developmental and clinical research in conjunction with treatment of various cancers. The survey has been performed based on number of publications, rate of citations, entry into clinical trials, and funding rates by the National Cancer Institute. Our survey indicates that breast and brain cancers are the most and one of the least studied by nanotechnology researchers, respectively. Breast cancer nano‐therapies seem to also be most likely to achieve clinical translation as the number of publications produced, amount of funding, total citations, and clinical trials (active and completed) are the highest when compared with research in other cancers. Brain cancer, despite its low survival, has capture much less attention of nanomedicine research community as survey indicated, although nanotechnology can offer novel approaches which can address brain cancer challenges.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
A‐to‐I RNA editing by ADAR and its therapeutic applications: From viral infections to cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Datta Rohini , Adamska Julia Z. , Bhate Amruta , Li Jin Billy 
Published: September 2023

AbstractADAR deaminases catalyze adenosine‐to‐inosine (A‐to‐I) editing on double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) substrates that regulate an umbrella of biological processes. One of the two catalytically active ADAR enzymes, ADAR1, plays a major role in innate immune responses by suppression of RNA sensing pathways which are orchestrated through the ADAR1‐dsRNA‐MDA5 axis. Unedited immunogenic dsRNA substrates are potent ligands for the cellular sensor MDA5. Upon activation, MDA5 leads to the induction of interferons and expression of hundreds of interferon‐stimulated genes with potent antiviral activity. In this way, ADAR1 acts as a gatekeeper of the RNA sensing pathway by striking a fine balance between innate antiviral responses and prevention of autoimmunity. Reduced editing of immunogenic dsRNA by ADAR1 is strongly linked to the development of common autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In viral infections, ADAR1 exhibits both antiviral and proviral effects. This is modulated by both editing‐dependent and editing‐independent functions, such as PKR antagonism. Several A‐to‐I RNA editing events have been identified in viruses, including in the insidious viral pathogen, SARS‐CoV‐2 which regulates viral fitness and infectivity, and could play a role in shaping viral evolution. Furthermore, ADAR1 is an attractive target for immuno‐oncology therapy. Overexpression of ADAR1 and increased dsRNA editing have been observed in several human cancers. Silencing ADAR1, especially in cancers that are refractory to immune checkpoint inhibitors, is a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer immunotherapy in conjunction with epigenetic therapy. The mechanistic understanding of dsRNA editing by ADAR1 and dsRNA sensing by MDA5 and PKR holds great potential for therapeutic applications.This article is categorized under:
RNA Processing > RNA Editing and Modification
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
On the Coestimation of Long-Term Spatio-Temporal Signals to Reduce the Aliasing Effect in Parametric Geodetic Mean Dynamic Topography Estimation
Authors: Brockmann Jan Martin , Borlinghaus Moritz , Neyers Christian , Schuh Wolf-Dieter 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe geodetic estimation of the mean dynamic ocean topography (MDT) as the difference between the mean of the sea surface and the geoid remains, despite the simple relation, still a difficult task. Mainly, the spectral inconsistency between the available altimetric sea surface height (SSH) observations and the geoid information causes problems in the separation process of the spatially and temporally averaged SSH into geoid and MDT. This is aggravated by the accuracy characteristics of the satellite derived geoid information, as it is only sufficiently accurate for a resolution of about 100 km.To enable the direct use of along-track altimetric SSH observations, we apply a parametric approach, where a
$$C^1$$

C

1

-smooth finite element space is used to model the MDT and spherical harmonics to model the geoid. Combining observation equations for altimetric SSH observations with gravity field normal equations assembled from dedicated gravity field missions in a least-squares adjustment, allows for a joint estimation of both – i.e. the MDT and an improved geoid.In order to enable temporal averaging and to obtain a proper spatial resolution, satellite altimetry missions with an exact repeat cycle are combined with geodetic missions. Whereas the temporal averaging for the exact repeat missions is implicitly performed due to the regular temporal sampling, aliasing is introduced for the geodetic missions, because of the missing repeat characteristics. In this contribution, we will summarise the used approach and introduce the coestimation of long-term temporal sea level variations. It is studied how the additional spatio-temporal model component, i.e. linear trends and seasonal signals, reduces the aliasing problem and influences the estimate of the MDT and the geoid.
The Electronic Portfolio: Self-Regulation and Reflective Practice
Authors: Bräuer Gerd , Ziegelbauer Christine 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the potential of ePortfolios as a tool for self-regulated learning and writing. What changes in the practice of academic writers when they include ePortfolios and reflective writing into their daily routines as students? Portfolios have been known for a long time as a complex modality in the construction of knowledge. Since the emergence of digital platforms (CMS/LMS) in education in the early 1990’s portfolio work transferred into the digital space being used for multiple purposes and audiences. As a consequence, ePortfolios became both mode and medium for adjusting the author’s intention toward the addressees’ expectations. This chapter will provide an overview of different ePortfolio designs and tools that have the potential to relieve the mental stress created by the complex nature of writing and reflection. ePortfolio work will be shown as a construct being organized and designed around both the different phases of mental recognition and the rhetorical steps in putting reflection into language. The chapter closes with some recommendations how to start, maintain, and reflect upon ePortfolio work in teaching as well as in institutional development.
Content Management System 3.0: Emerging Digital Writing Workspaces
Authors: Cummings Lance 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn recent years, content creators and academics in online creator culture have re-imagined how we take notes using digital spaces like Roam Research, Notion, Obsidian, and Craft Docs. Though developers and users refer to these spaces as project or personal knowledge management systems, these digital spaces are a new kind of Content Management System (CMS), or wiki, at their core. These tools are no longer just about collecting and organizing information but cultivating new connections for ideation and content creation, both personally and collaboratively. This means downplaying or ridding these spaces of the folder interface and actively hyperlinking individual notes to be fluidly rearranged and connected in new ways. New CMS writing spaces like Roam Research, Notion, Obsidian, and Craft Docs have taken this strategy to a new level by incorporating more hypertext tools, like backlinks and knowledge graphs. This not only allows researchers and writers to cultivate new ideas but enhances content generation, helping researchers and writers renew the process of coming up with new ideas and manage the massive amount of information flow in the twenty-first century.