bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer for a Western population
Authors: Watanabe Akie , McKendry Geoffrey J. , Yip Lily , Donnellan Fergal , Hamilton Trevor D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionEndoscopic resection (ER) of early gastric cancer (EGC) is increasingly used in Eastern countries due to their low rates of lymph node metastasis (LNM); however, there is a paucity of evidence in Western countries. We investigated LNM and its effect on overall survival (OS) in Western patients with EGC.MethodsPatients diagnosed with T1 gastric cancer between 2000 and 2017 were retrospectively evaluated. Univariate Kaplan–Meier, multivariate logistic and Cox‐regression models were used to assess the associations between clinical characteristics, LNM, and OS.ResultsAmong 86 patients, median age was 68 years and 72% were male. Node positivity was 30%. Two percent of patients met the classical guidelines for ER and all were node‐negative, while 16% met expanded criteria of which 14% were node‐positive. T1b disease (odds ratio [OR] 41.2 [95% confidence interval [CI] 1.62–1048], p = 0.02) and lymphovascular/perineural invasion (OR 18.0 [95% CI 2.41–134], p = 0.01) were predictive of node positivity. The 5‐year OS for node‐negative and node‐positive patients was 84% and 53% (p = 0.004), respectively.ConclusionsThe risk of LNM in Western patients with EGC is higher; therefore, generalizability of the expanded criteria for ER should be interpreted with caution.
A Comparative Study of Ultrasound Attenuation Imaging, Controlled Attenuation Parameters, and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for the Detection of Hepatic Steatosis
Authors: Bao Jingwen , Lv Yueming , Wang Kun , Wang Quanwen , Chen Yanling , Dong Yi , Zhu Yuli , Wang Wenping 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesTo investigate the methodology and clinical application of ultrasound attenuation imaging (ATI) and comparative analyze the diagnostic performance of ATI and controlled attenuation parameters (CAP) for detecting and grading hepatic steatosis.MethodsA total of 159 patients with NAFLD were prospectively enrolled. CAP and ATI examinations were performed within a week before proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS). Ten liver attenuation coefficient (AC) measurements by ATI were obtained in each patient. The interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) of the intraobserver consistencies and the ICCs between the median of the first two through the first nine measurements and all 10 measurements were calculated. The correlations between 1H‐MRS, CAP, biological data, and ATI were evaluated. The significant factors associated with ATI and the diagnostic performance of ATI and CAP for detecting hepatic steatosis was evaluated.ResultsThe median value of AC for detecting hepatic steatosis was 0.831 dB/cm/MHz. For the intraobserver consistency of ATI, the ICC was 0.931. Compared with 10 measurements, a minimum of four ATI measurements was required. The correlation of AC with hepatic fat fraction (HFF) was significantly higher than that of CAP (0.603 vs 0.326, P = .0015). The HFF and triglyceride (TG) were the significant factors for the ATI. The area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves of ATI and CAP were 0.939 and 0.788 for detecting ≥10% hepatic steatosis; 0.751 and 0.572 for detecting >33% hepatic steatosis. The cutoff values of ATI and CAP were 0.697 dB/cm/MHz and 310 dB/m for detecting ≥10% hepatic steatosis; 0.793 dB/cm/MHz and 328 dB/m for detecting >33% hepatic steatosis. The sensitivity of ATI and CAP were 85.92% and 52.11% for detecting ≥10% hepatic steatosis; 87.50% and 82.14% for detecting >33% hepatic steatosis. The specificity of ATI and CAP were 94.12% and 100% for detecting ≥10% hepatic steatosis; 54.37% and 43.69% for detecting >33% hepatic steatosis.ConclusionsATI technology showed excellent intraobserver consistency and the optimal minimum number of ATI measurements was 4. ATI is a promising noninvasive, quantitative and convenient tool for assessing hepatic steatosis.
Optimization of partially thinned subarrays based on two‐stage random search method for large phased array antenna
Authors: Kim Doo‐Soo , Han Il‐Tak , Kim Woo‐Sung , Yeom Dong‐Jin , Kim Kyung‐Tae 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this letter, the partially thinned subarrays to be optimized by using a two‐stage random search method are presented. The cost function is defined by the side lobe blanking (SLB) cover rate and maximum peak side lobe (MPSL) and the gain over the system noise temperature (G/T). To form the subarrays, especially two subarrays are randomly selected, then 16 array elements of those subarrays are eliminated randomly to generate partially thinned subarrays. Although theG/Tof the optimized subarray structure is lower by 0.07 dB/k than the reference subarray structure, the false alarm rate decreases to one‐sixth and the MPSL decreases by 1.6 dB.
Discharge process challenges of an academic vascular surgery service: A qualitative study
Authors: Doss Elizabeth R. , Vogel Todd R. , Kruse Robin L. , Camazine Maraya , Schlesselman Chase , Popejoy Lori L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractVascular surgery patients have a high incidence of unplanned hospital readmissions and complications. Previous research has not fully examined specific elements of the hospital discharge process for vascular surgery patients to identify issues that may contribute to readmissions. The objective of this qualitative descriptive study was to explore challenges identified by healthcare providers and patients regarding the discharge process from an academic vascular surgery service. Data were collected from eight focus group interviews and analyzed for relevant themes. Patients and healthcare providers identified several challenges within the standard discharge process, including ineffective communication, insufficient time for discharge education, and limitations accessing providers with post‐discharge concerns. These obstacles may be ameliorated in part by specialized coordinators, caregiver support, and use of adaptive strategies outside of the current discharge process. The discharge challenges described by study participants likely contribute to adverse post‐hospitalization outcomes, including unplanned hospital readmissions. A multifaceted approach that incorporates standardized discharge processes, as well as informal problem‐solving strategies, is recommended to improve hospital discharge and outcomes for vascular surgery patients.
Synthesis and characterization ofPES/PSF/PEGby immersion precipitation for Mediterranean seawater desalination byFOmembrane
Authors: Hassen Mai Ali , Hamdy Gehad , Sabry Rania M. , Ali Sahar S. , Taher Fatma A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the present study, a simple, inexpensive, nontoxic, and environmentally friendly polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymer was used to enhance the hydrophilicity of the forward osmosis (FO) membrane using various PEG concentrations as a pore forming agent in the casting solution of polyethersulfone/polysulfone (PES/PSF) blend membranes. A nonwoven PES/PSF FO blend membrane was fabricated via the immersion precipitation phase inversion technique. The membrane dope solution was cast on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) nonwoven fabric. The results revealed that PEG is a pore forming agent and that adding PEG promotes membrane hydrophilicity. The membrane with 1 wt% PEG (PEG1) had about 27% lower contact angle than the pristine blend membrane. The PEG1 membrane has less tortuosity (which reduces from 3.4–2.73), resulting in a smaller structure parameter (Svalue) of 277 μm, due to the presence of open pores on the bottom surface structure, which results in diminished ICP. Using 1 M NaCl as the draw solution and distilled water as the feed solution, the PEG1 membrane exhibited higher water flux (136 L m−2 h−1) and lower reverse salt flux (1.94 g m−2 h−1). Also, the selectivity of the membrane, specific reverse salt flux, (Js/Jw) showed lower values (0.014 g/L). Actually, the PEG1 membrane has a 34.6% higher water flux than the commercial nonwoven‐cellulose triacetate (NW‐CTA) membrane. By means of varied concentrations of NaCl salt solution (0.6, 1, 1.5, and 2 M), the membrane with 1 wt% PEG showed improved FO separation performance with permeate water fluxes of 108, 136, 142, and 163 L m−2 h−1. In this work, we extend a promising gate for designing fast water flux PES/PSF/PEG FO blend membranes for water desalination.
Cannabidiol‐rich non‐psychotropic Cannabis sativa L. oils attenuate peripheral neuropathy symptoms by regulation of CB2‐mediated microglial neuroinflammation
Authors: Borgonetti Vittoria , Anceschi Lisa , Brighenti Virginia , Corsi Lorenzo , Governa Paolo , Manetti Fabrizio , Pellati Federica , Galeotti Nicoletta 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNeuropathic pain (NP) is a chronic disease that affects the normal quality of life of patients. To date, the therapies available are only symptomatic and they are unable to reduce the progression of the disease. Many studies reported the efficacy of Cannabis sativa L. (C. sativa) on NP, but no Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9‐THC)‐free extracts have been investigated in detail for this activity so far. The principal aim of this work is to investigate the potential pain‐relieving effect of innovative cannabidiol‐rich non‐psychotropic C. sativa oils, with a high content of terpenes (K2), compared to the same extract devoid of terpenes (K1). Oral administration of K2 (25 mg kg−1) induced a rapid and long‐lasting relief of pain hypersensitivity in a mice model of peripheral neuropathy. In spinal cord samples, K2 reduced mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPKs) levels and neuroinflammatory factors. These effects were reverted by the administration of a CB2 antagonist (AM630), but not by a CB1 antagonist (AM251). Conversely, K1 showed a lower efficacy in the absence of CB1/CB2‐mediated mechanisms. In LPS‐stimulated murine microglial cells (BV2), K2 reduced microglia pro‐inflammatory phenotype through the downregulation of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC‐1) and nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B‐cells inhibitor (IKBα) and increased interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) expression, an important antiinflammatory cytokine. In conclusion, these results suggested that K2 oral administration attenuated NP symptoms by reducing spinal neuroinflammation and underline the important role of the synergism between cannabinoids and terpenes.
A reliability evaluation method for phased‐mission system considering multi‐mechanism coupling within phases
Authors: Dong Jing , He Liang , Chen Hua , Zhang Hongrui , Xiao Xiaolei , Wang Xianyu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDue to the difference of environmental stress and system configuration, as well as the coupling between phases, the phased‐mission system (PMS) has significant disparity in the failure modes and mechanisms of components in different phases. From the perspective of failure mechanism, an initial independent one will affect or be affected by other failure mechanisms during a task, and eventually leads to the failure of system. Therefore, the coupling of failure mechanisms in PMS is considered in this paper, and the recursive quantitative analysis of coupling from failure mechanism level to system level and phase level are accomplished by means of the basic rules of reliability physics. Furthermore, taking a core circuit from an aircraft electronic system as an example, the reliability modeling and analysis are performed. The results show that after considering the coupling relationship between failure mechanisms within each phase, the reliability and lifetime of components are reduced compared with the mechanism‐ independence situation, however, the cumulative failure probability of the system is increased. It reveals that it is very important to involve the coupling relationship between failure mechanisms in the reliability analysis of PMS, which can improve the accuracy of the prediction.
Learning from a Pandemic. The Impact of COVID-19 on Education Around the World
Authors: Reimers Fernando M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis introductory chapter sets the stage for the book, explaining the goals, methods, and significance of the comparative study. The chapter situates the theoretical significance of the study with respect to research on education and inequality, and argues that the rare, rapid, and massive change in the social context of schools caused by the pandemic provides a singular opportunity to study the relative autonomy of educational institutions from larger social structures implicated in the reproduction of inequality. The chapter provides a conceptual educational model to examine the impact of COVID-19 on educational opportunity. The chapter describes the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic and how it resulted into school closures and in the rapid deployment of strategies of remote education. It examines available evidence on the duration of school closures, the implementation of remote education strategies, and known results in student access, engagement, learning, and well-being.
Analysis of Temperature Data Using the Innovative Trend Pivot Analysis Method and Trend Polygon Star Concept: A Case Study of Soan River Basin, Potohar, Pakistan
Authors: Hussain Fiaz , Wu Ray-Shyan , Nabi Ghulam , Noor Rana Shahzad , Anjum Muhammad Naveed , Azam Muhammad , Afzal Arslan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe trend analysis approach is used to estimate changing climate and its impact on the environment, agriculture and water resources. Innovative polygonal trend analyses are qualitative methods applied to detect changes in the environment. In this study, the Innovative Trend Pivot Analysis Method (ITPAM) and Trend Polygon Star Concept Method were applied for temperature trend detection in Soan River Basin (SRB), Potohar region, Pakistan. The average monthly temperature data (1995–2020) for 11 stations were used to create polygon graphics. Trend length and slope were calculated separately for arithmetic mean and standard deviation. The innovative methods produced useful scientific information, with the identification of monthly shifts and trend behaviors of temperature data at different stations. Some stations showed an increasing trend and others showed decreasing behavior. This increasing and decreasing variability is the result of climate change. The winter season temperature is increasing, and the months of December to February are getting warmer. Summer is expanding and pushing autumn towards winter, swallowing the early period of the cold season. The monthly polygonal trends with risk graphs depicted a clear picture of climate change in the Potohar region of Pakistan. The phenomena of observed average temperature changes, indicated by both qualitative methods, are interesting and have the potential to aid water managers’ understanding of the cropping system of the Potohar region.
What do we currently know about Novichoks? The state of the art
Authors: Noga Maciej , Jurowski Kamil 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNovichok is the name given to the group of nerve agents created stealthily in the later phases of the Cold War by the Soviet Union. Constitute the fourth generation of chemical warfare agents; like other nerve agents, they are organophosphorus compounds designed to be incurable and undetectable. The mechanism of action is based on the non-competitive and irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. Due to their enormous toxicity, Novichoks have become attractive targets for terrorists. However, little information is known about the identity of nerve agents. Furthermore, these compounds have never been submitted to the Chemical Weapons Convention. Our article aspires to provide a general overview of Novichoks knowledge. As part of this, we reviewed the available literature data to answer the question, what are Novichoks? In addition to the physical and chemical properties of A-agents, synthesis, mechanism of action, and toxicity of nerve agents were also reviewed. We hope that this review will highlight the tremendous threat posed by nerve agents and will inspire further studies on the interdisciplinary aspects of these compounds.
Bending Resistance Covalent Organic Framework Superlattice: “Nano-Hourglass”-Induced Charge Accumulation for Flexible In-Plane Micro-Supercapacitors
Authors: Xu Xiaoyang , Zhang Zhenni , Xiong Rui , Lu Guandan , Zhang Jia , Ning Wang , Hu Shuozhen , Feng Qingliang , Qiao Shanlin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCovalent organic framework (COF) film with highly exposed active sites is considered as the promising flexible self-supported electrode for in-plane micro-supercapacitor (MSC). Superlattice configuration assembled alternately by different nanofilms based on van der Waals force can integrate the advantages of each isolated layer to exhibit unexpected performances as MSC film electrodes, which may be a novel option to ensure energy output. Herein, a mesoporous free-standing A-COF nanofilm (pore size is 3.9 nm, averaged thickness is 4.1 nm) with imine bond linkage and a microporous B-COF nanofilm (pore size is 1.5 nm, averaged thickness is 9.3 nm) with β-keto-enamine-linkages are prepared, and for the first time, we assembly the two lattice matching films into sandwich-type superlattices via layer-by-layer transfer, in which ABA–COF superlattice stacking into a “nano-hourglass” steric configuration that can accelerate the dynamic charge transportation/accumulation and promote the sufficient redox reactions to energy storage. The fabricated flexible MSC–ABA–COF exhibits the highest intrinsic CV of 927.9 F cm−3 at 10 mV s−1 than reported two-dimensional alloy, graphite-like carbon and undoped COF-based MSC devices so far, and shows a bending-resistant energy density of 63.2 mWh cm−3 even after high-angle and repeat arbitrary bending from 0 to 180°. This work provides a feasible way to meet the demand for future miniaturization and wearable electronics.
Computer-vision-guided semi-autonomous concrete crack repair for infrastructure maintenance using a robotic arm
Authors: Chen Rui , Zhou Cheng , Cheng Li-li 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEngineering inspection and maintenance technologies play an important role in safety, operation, maintenance and management of buildings. In project construction control, supervision of engineering quality is a difficult task. To address such inspection and maintenance issues, this study presents a computer-vision-guided semi-autonomous robotic system for identification and repair of concrete cracks, and humans can make repair plans for this system. Concrete cracks are characterized through computer vision, and a crack feature database is established. Furthermore, a trajectory generation and coordinate transformation method is designed to determine the robotic execution coordinates. In addition, a knowledge base repair method is examined to make appropriate decisions on repair technology for concrete cracks, and a robotic arm is designed for crack repair. Finally, simulations and experiments are conducted, proving the feasibility of the repair method proposed. The result of this study can potentially improve the performance of on-site automatic concrete crack repair, while addressing such issues as high accident rate, low efficiency, and big loss of skilled workers.
MyProstateScore in men considering repeat biopsy: validation of a simple testing approach
Authors: Tosoian Jeffrey J. , Sessine Michael S. , Trock Bruce J. , Ross Ashley E. , Xie Cassie , Zheng Yingye , Samora Nathan L. , Siddiqui Javed , Niknafs Yashar , Chopra Zoey , Tomlins Scott , Kunju Lakshmi P. , Palapattu Ganesh S. , Morgan Todd M. , Wei John T. , Salami Simpa S. , Chinnaiyan Arul M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Men with persistent risk of Grade Group (GG) ≥ 2 cancer after a negative biopsy present a unique clinical challenge. The validated MyProstateScore test is clinically-available for pre-biopsy risk stratification. In biopsy-naïve patients, we recently validated a straightforward testing approach to rule-out GG ≥ 2 cancer with 98% negative predictive value (NPV) and 97% sensitivity. In the current study, we established a practical MPS-based testing approach in men with a previous negative biopsy being considered for repeat biopsy.

Methods
Patients provided post-digital rectal examination urine prior to repeat biopsy. MyProstateScore was calculated using the validated, locked model including urinary PCA3 and TMPRSS2:ERG scores with serum PSA. In a clinically-appropriate primary (i.e., training) cohort, we identified a lower (rule-out) threshold approximating 90% sensitivity and an upper (rule-in) threshold approximating 80% specificity for GG ≥ 2 cancer. These thresholds were applied to an external validation cohort, and performance measures and clinical outcomes associated with their use were calculated.

Results
MyProstateScore thresholds of 15 and 40 met pre-defined performance criteria in the primary cohort (422 patients; median PSA 6.4, IQR 4.3–9.1). In the 268-patient validation cohort, 25 men (9.3%) had GG ≥ 2 cancer on repeat biopsy. The rule-out threshold of 15 provided 100% NPV and sensitivity for GG ≥ 2 cancer and would have prevented 23% of unnecessary biopsies. Use of MyProstateScore >40 to rule-in biopsy would have prevented 67% of biopsies while maintaining 95% NPV. In the validation cohort, the prevalence of GG ≥ 2 cancer was 0% for MyProstateScore 0–15, 6.5% for MyProstateScore 15–40, and 19% for MyProstateScore >40.

Conclusions
In patients who previously underwent a negative prostate biopsy, the MyProstateScore values of 15 and 40 yielded clinically-actionable rule-in and rule-out risk groups. Using this straightforward testing approach, MyProstateScore can meaningfully inform patients and physicians weighing the need for repeat biopsy.