bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Purification and properties of cytoplasmic granules from cytotoxic rat LGL tumors.
Authors: Millard P J , Henkart M P , Reynolds C W , Henkart P A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
To evaluate the role of NK cell granules in the lytic activity of NK cells, cytoplasmic granules of rat NK tumors were purified by centrifugation of the cell homogenates in a Percoll gradient. Analysis of such gradients showed a band of light-scattering material near the bottom of the tube; assay of gradient fractions for lytic activity against SRBC showed a potent lytic activity giving a sharp peak in this region. Complete lysis of SRBC was achieved with less than 1 microgram/ml protein of the most active fractions. Examination in the electron microscope showed that a pool of fractions containing lytic activity consisted of pure cytoplasmic granules showing similar morphology to those found in the LGL tumors. The lytic band was associated with a peak in the activity of four different lysosomal enzymes. Analysis of Percoll gradient fractions showed that marker enzymes for mitochondria, plasma membrane, and cytosol were well separated from this activity peak. Analysis of the Percoll gradient fractions by SDS gel electrophoresis showed that this granule fraction was free of contamination of proteins from other parts of the gradient. The granules contained major protein bands of 62, 58, 30, 29, and 28 kilodaltons. In addition to protein, the purified granule fractions contain hexose and uronic acid, but no nucleic acids or phospholipids were detected in chemical assays. Major amounts of chymotryptic, tryptic, and elastase activities were not present, nor were peroxidase or lysozyme activities detectable in substantial amounts. These data show that NK tumor cell cytoplasmic granules contain a potent lytic activity and have biochemical properties that distinguish them from granules present in granulocytes and mast cells.
Phenotypic heterogeneity of antisyngeneic tumor killer cells (ASTK) generated in allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions.
Authors: Macphail S , Paciucci P A , Stutman O 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
By using monoclonal antibodies to Thy-1, Lyt-2, and Qa-5 differentiation antigens, we demonstrated a heterogeneity of cytotoxic cells developed in allogeneic mixed lymphocyte responses that lyse tumor cells syngeneic with the responder cells. There are minimally two Thy-1+ populations, one of which is Lyt-2+ and the other Lyt-2-. There is probably also a Thy-1- population. Most of the Lyt-2- tumor killer cells are Qa-5+, and most of the Lyt-2+ tumor killer cells are Qa-5-.
Human T lymphocyte activation by monoclonal antibodies; OKT3, but not UCHT1, triggers mitogenesis via an interleukin 2-dependent mechanism.
Authors: Van Wauwe J P , Goossens J G , Beverley P C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
OKT3 and UCHT1 monoclonal antibodies, which recognize the same human T cell surface antigen, induce proliferation in T lymphocytes. In this report, we compared the mechanism by which these antibodies trigger DNA synthesis in human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures. Whereas PBMC from all donors tested were mitogenically inducible by OKT3, cells from only 25 of 40 donors were responsive to UCHT1 . UCHT1 treatment of PBMC from responders, but not from nonresponders, resulted in the expression by T cells of membrane binding sites reactive with anti-Tac monoclonal antibody, which specifies the human interleukin 2 (IL 2) receptor. UCHT1 -induced PBMC supernatants from nonresponders, but unexpectedly, also from responders, contained no measurable IL 2 activity. In keeping with this finding, anti-Tac monoclonal antibody failed to suppress UCHT1 -triggered [3H]thymidine incorporation into PBMC from responsive donors. By contrast, OKT3 treatment of PBMC from all donors led to the emergence of IL 2 receptors, and substantial IL 2 production, and the resultant DNA synthesis was inhibitable by anti-Tac antibody. These data indicate that the interaction of OKT3 and UCHT1 monoclonal antibodies with the same T cell structure leads to the induction of proliferation via two different mechanisms: one dependent on the availability of IL 2 (OKT3) and one independent on the production and processing of this lymphokine ( UCHT1 ). PBMC unresponsiveness to UCHT1 could therefore not be related to a dysfunction in IL 2 synthesis or IL 2 receptor display.
The Fc portion of intact IgG blocks stimulation of human PBMC by anti-T3.
Authors: Looney R J , Abraham G N 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The means by which normal human serum inhibits the activation of PBMC by OKT3 has been investigated. The Fc portion of intact IgG is shown to be the major inhibitor in human serum of this OKT3-induced stimulation. Furthermore, inhibition by IgG subclasses correlated with their ability to bind to the monocyte Fc receptor, i.e., IgG1 and IgG3 produced greater inhibition than IgG2 and IgG4, and this inhibition was competitive. In contrast, hypogammaglobulinemic serum, IgA, IgM, and F(ab')2 of IgG were not inhibitory relative to intact IgG or Fc of IgG. Because of the similarities between T3 and the idiotype-defined T cell receptor for antigen, these investigations suggest that IgG might modulate the interactions between the T cell recognition complex and anti-idiotype antibody, thus regulating the idiotype network.
In vitro human lymphocyte responses to Cryptococcus neoformans. Evidence for primary and secondary responses in normals and infected subjects.
Authors: Miller G P , Puck J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans causes meningitis and disseminated infection in healthy individuals, but more commonly in hosts with defective immune responses. To study the role of immune lymphocytes in protection and recovery from this infection, in vitro lymphocyte proliferative responses to whole killed organisms were characterized in normal controls and in patients with cryptococcosis. Several differences were found between these two groups. All normal individuals were found to have significant proliferative responses to cryptococci in vitro; however, patients recovering from infection had accelerated and augmented responses. Patients' T cells, but not control T cells, were found to produce interleukin 2 (IL 2) during initial stimulation in vitro. After in vitro priming, mononuclear cells from normal controls rechallenged with cryptococci in vitro demonstrated accelerated kinetics and IL 2 production similar to that of cells from recovering patients. Proliferative responses in normals required T cells and antigen-presenting cells, and resulted in an increase in the proportion of T8+ and Tac+ cells in the responding population by the ninth day of primary stimulation. An increase in Tac+ cells, but not T8+ cells, was found by the fourth day of secondary stimulation. These results demonstrate in vivo acquisition of T cell responsiveness to the organism in this small group of recovering patients, and in vitro acquisition of T cell recognition of this antigen by normal T cells during primary stimulation. The data suggest that these responses represent in vitro priming to cryptococci and indicate a role for the T8+ lymphocyte subpopulation, both unusual findings for previously described in vitro responses to soluble antigens.
The Fc receptor for IgG on human natural killer cells: phenotypic, functional, and comparative studies with monoclonal antibodies.
Authors: Perussia B , Trinchieri G , Jackson A , Warner N L , Faust J , Rumpold H , Kraft D , Lanier L L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We compare five monoclonal antibodies ( B73 .1, 3G8 , Leu- 11a , Leu- 11b , and VEP13 ) that react with natural killer (NK) cells and polymorphonuclear cells (PMN). We show that all of these antibodies are directed against and inhibit the functional properties of the receptor for the Fc portion of IgG (FcR). Modulation of the FcR on NK cells after reaction with immune complexes induces the disappearance of the antigen(s) recognized by each of the five antibodies. Conversely, the antibodies block binding of IgG-sensitized erythrocytes to the NK cells and PMN and inhibit their ability to mediate cytotoxicity against antibody-sensitized tumor target cells. By using two-color immunofluorescence techniques, we characterize directly the lymphocyte population recognized by these antibodies and show that it is a homogeneous subset that does not bear markers of either B or T cells, with the exception of the 33,000 dalton antigen characteristic of suppressor/cytotoxic T cells present in 20 to 50% of the cells, and the 45,000 dalton receptor for sheep erythrocytes present on 80 to 90% of the cells. The phenotype of the cells reacting with the monoclonal antibodies corresponds to that of NK cells. Cross-competition experiments indicate that these antibodies detect at least two distinct epitopes on FcR, one ( B73 .1) preferentially expressed on NK cells and one or more ( 3G8 /Leu- 11a /Leu- 11b / VEP13 ) preferentially expressed on PMN. The lack of reactivity of these antibodies with B cells suggests that human B cells bear a different FcR from that on NK cells and PMN.
T cell responses to the major allergen from the house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Antigen P1: comparison of patients with asthma, atopic dermatitis, and perennial rhinitis.
Authors: Rawle F C , Mitchell E B , Platts-Mills T A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from the majority of the allergic patients that we tested who were skin test-sensitive to the house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (D. pt.) (46/67) showed significant proliferation in response to the purified major allergen Antigen P1; PBMC from 14/15 nonsensitive controls showed no significant response. Optimal responses were seen with 10 micrograms Antigen P1/ml, but 21 of 43 patients tested showed significant proliferation at 0.01 microgram Antigen P1/ml. The results of three types of experiments showed that the responding cells were T cells, predominantly of the helper phenotype. First, purified T cells in the presence of irradiated or mitomycin C-treated antigen-presenting cells showed good proliferation to Antigen P1. Secondly, flow cytometry analysis showed a progressive increase in the percentage of viable cells bearing the Leu-3a marker--up to 88% by day 7--and demonstrated that the larger, blast-transformed cells bore this marker. Finally, interleukin 2 production was demonstrated in antigen-stimulated cultures at days 3 to 5, i.e., about 2 days before the peak of proliferation. When patients were grouped according to their disease symptoms, no clear differences were seen between the T cell responses of patients with asthma, eczema, or rhinitis, or with asthma and eczema, although patients with rhinitis alone tended to show weaker responses. Overall, there was a significant correlation between serum IgE antibody to Antigen P1 and T cell proliferation (rs = 0.579, p less than 0.001); however, excluding individuals with no IgE antibody, the quantitative correlation was poor (rs = 0.26, p less than 0.1). These results indicate that most patients showing immediate hypersensitivity to D. pt. have circulating T cells sensitized to Antigen P1. These sensitized T cells probably act as helper cells for antibody production, but may also play a role in the pathogenesis of allergic lesions and in the delayed or chronic symptoms of these allergic diseases.
Murine interstitial nephritis. II. The adoptive transfer of disease with immune T lymphocytes produces a phenotypically complex interstitial lesion.
Authors: Zakheim B , McCafferty E , Phillips S M , Clayman M , Neilson E G 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The present studies demonstrate that immune Thy-1.2+, Lyt-1.2+ T lymphocytes harvested from SJL mice with anti-tubular basement membrane disease can adoptively transfer interstitial nephritis into naive recipients. The lesions produced after cell transfer do not occur immediately but rather take 4 to 6 wk to fully develop. Interstitial lesions can also be transferred to a lesser degree and over a longer period of time with immune serum containing anti-tubular basement membrane antibodies. The fully formed lesions that developed after the transfer of immune cells or serum were phenotypically characterized by cell-surface antibodies using immunofluorescence. T lymphocytes, natural killer cells, macrophages, and Ig+ cells were all well represented in both lesions. Natural killer cells, however, were slightly more prevalent in the lesions of mice receiving immune serum. These experiments demonstrate a potential role for both immune T lymphocytes and anti-tubular basement membrane antibodies in the development of interstitial nephritis in mice. Unlike guinea pigs and rats, it is only in mice that interstitial lesions can be adoptively transferred with immune T lymphocytes, and as such, this model should prove very useful in the additional dissection of cellular interactions and immunoregulatory events that formulate the final effector mechanisms of disease expression.
Interleukin 1 activity in normal human urine.
Authors: Kimball E S , Pickeral S F , Oppenheim J J , Rossio J L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Urine concentrates from normal individuals were shown to contain interleukin 1 (IL 1)-like activity when tested directly on human dermal fibroblasts and on C3H/HeJ mouse thymocytes in the presence of 1 microgram/ml phytohemagglutinin. Seventy-five percent of the urine samples tested, however, demonstrated the presence of a specific inhibitor of IL 1-promoted thymocyte proliferation. This inhibitor did not affect IL 2-promoted proliferation of mouse thymocytes or CT-6 cells or IL 1-promoted proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts. After gel filtration of the urine concentrates, even those samples that were inhibitory yielded fractions containing both thymocyte and fibroblast proliferative activity. The approximate m.w. of these activities were 75,000 and 15,000. In addition, two peaks of low m.w. thymocyte proliferative activity were noted at 4000 and 2000. The 2000 pool, but not the 4000 pool, also contained fibroblast proliferative activity.
Release of discrete interferons by cytotoxic T lymphocytes in response to immune and nonimmune stimuli.
Authors: Pasternack M S , Bevan M J , Klein J R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have examined the potential of murine cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) to synthesize both IFN-gamma and IFN-alpha, beta by using three cloned antigen-reactive CTL lines. These lines, which produce IFN-gamma in an antigen-specific manner or after stimulation with mitogen, were also found to produce IFN-alpha, beta upon nonspecific contact with Newcastle disease virus. The requirement for viral integrity in this process has been examined. Virus infectivity was not necessary to stimulate the release of IFN-alpha, beta from CTL, but acid-inactivation of virus abrogated its IFN-inducing property.
Recognition of H-2Kb mutant target cells by Moloney virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes from bm13 (H-2Db-mutant) mice. II. Relationship of Kbm3 and Kbm11 in restriction specificities and allodeterminants.
Authors: Stukart M J , Boes J , Melief C J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have studied the effect of mutations in H-2Kb on recognition of Moloney virus antigens by Kb-restricted Moloney virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) generated from H-2Db-mutant B6.C-H- 2bm13 ( bm13 ) mice. On the basis of the bm13 virus-specific recognition pattern of a series of Kb-mutant virus-infected (V+) cells, these Kb mutants could be divided into two groups that either shared the relevant H-2K restriction specificities with H-2Kb ( bm3 , bm5 , bm6 , and bm11 ) or lacked them completely (bm1) and/or almost completely ( bm8 ). In the study presented in this report, we concentrated on the alloreactive CTL included in the repertoire of bm13 Moloney-specific CTL. These CTL lysed noninfected (V-) allogeneic target cells of many H-2 types, including all Kb-mutant cells tested (bm1, bm3 , bm5 , bm6 , bm8 , and bm11 ). Recognition of V- cells of two Kb mutants, bm3 and bm11 , which share a common amino acid substitution at position 77 of the H-2K molecule with an additional change at position 89 in bm3 , was compared with recognition of the other Kb-mutant V- target cells in cold target inhibition studies. These studies showed that bm3 and bm11 cells share a determinant or determinants on the H-2K molecule recognized by alloreactive CTL among the Moloney virus-specific CTL population not present on the other Kb-mutant cells; lysis of both target cells was inhibited only by bm3 and bm11 V- cells. On the other hand, lysis of bm3 V+ target cells by bm13 virus-specific CTL was inhibited by all Kb-mutant V+ cells ( bm3 , bm5 , bm6 , and bm11 ) that were killed virus specifically by bm13 CTL. Thus, common determinants on the H-2K molecule of these Kb-mutant V+ cells are recognized by Kb-restricted Moloney virus-specific CTL. From the difference in inhibition pattern of the lytic reaction against bm3 V+ vs bm3 V- cells, we conclude that determinants on the same H-2K molecule recognized by Moloney virus-specific CTL and allocross -reactive effector cells included in the Moloney virus-specific population are not identical.
Isolation and characterization of a human T lymphocyte-associated glycoprotein (gp40).
Authors: Sutherland D R , Rudd C E , Greaves M F 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The biosynthetic and structural characteristics of the human thymocyte/T cell antigen defined by the monoclonal antibody WT1 have been studied. WT1 identified a monomeric cell surface glycoprotein of Mr = 40,000 ( gp40 ). Cross-absorption experiments and two-dimensional gel analyses indicate that WT1 and another monoclonal antibody, 3A1, react with the same structure. This glycoprotein was asymmetrically inserted into the rough endoplasmic reticulum as a transmembrane structure. At this stage, the polypeptide chain possessed two N-linked, "high-mannose" type glycans; these were subsequently processed into endo-H-insensitive, complex oligosaccharides during intracellular transport to the cell surface. Inhibition of N-linked glycosylation with tunicamycin failed to block the processing of the nonglycosylated Mr = 29,000 polypeptide to a glycoprotein of Mr = 33,000. Cleavage of the mature Mr = 40,000 form with endo-F yielded a similar Mr = 33,000 product. The kinetics of synthesis of the Mr = 33,000 intermediate in conjunction with gal-NAc oligosaccharidase digestion indicated the presence of O-linked glycans in the mature cell surface WT1 antigen. The fully processed cell surface form of the polypeptide also contains covalently associated fatty acid, and was labeled by 32P phosphate, the predominantly labeled phosphoamino acid being phosphoserine. We also demonstrate biochemically that the reactivity of WT1 with cells from a few patients with acute myeloid leukemia reflects genuine expression of the gp40 structure on myeloid cells.
Induction of minor alloantigen-specific T cell subsets in vivo: recognition of processed antigen by helper but not by cytotoxic T cell precursors.
Authors: Czitrom A A , Gascoigne N R , Edwards S , Waterfield D J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Primary cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and helper T (Th) cell responses were generated from regional lymph nodes of heterozygous mice sensitized in the footpad with spleen cells of parental H-2 genotype but differing for multiple minor alloantigens of the B10 background. Cytotoxic and helper responses were read after a short in vitro culture period, which did not influence the restriction specificities of in vivo sensitized T cells. We show that under these conditions, Th cell responses appear unrestricted, whereas CTL responses are restricted to the immunizing parental H-2 genotype. Furthermore, we present evidence that these two functions are mediated by distinct T cell subsets and that the in vivo induction of Lyt-2- Th cells has the appearance of being unrestricted whereas that of Lyt-2+ CTL is restricted by H-2. These findings suggest that in a primary immune response, in vivo precursors of Th cells recognize processed antigen on F1 antigen-presenting cells (clones restricted to each parental H-2 genotype are cross-sensitized) under conditions in which those of CTL only respond directly to foreign minor alloantigens on the injected stimulator cells (clones restricted to parental H-2 genotypes are not cross-immunized). This dichotomy is taken to suggest the possibility that processing of cell membrane-bound antigens is controlled at their association step with products of the major histocompatibility complex.
MALA-1: a surface antigen expressed on activated murine T and B lymphocytes.
Authors: Takei F 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Detergent-solubilized plasma membranes of Con A-activated mouse spleen cells were absorbed with Sepharose-coupled rat antibodies against resting mouse lymphocytes. The unbound fraction was used to immunize a rat, and the immune spleen cells were fused with the rat myeloma Y3 . All seven rat monoclonal antibodies produced in this way strongly reacted with mitogen-activated spleen cells but only weakly or insignificantly with unstimulated spleen cells. One of the antibodies, YE3 /19.1, was studied in detail. The antibody strongly reacted with Con A- or LPS-stimulated spleen cells, but not significantly with normal adult thymocytes, spleen cells, or bone marrow cells. Unlike the transferrin receptor, which is expressed on virtually all dividing cells, the antigen defined by YE3 /19.1 was not detected on erythroblast-enriched populations or some non-T, non-B cell lines. Therefore, the antigen, termed MALA-1, seems to be specific for activated murine lymphocytes of the T and B cell lineages. Over 25% of normal adult lymph node cells were also found to express the antigen, although the antigen densities on lymph node cells were lower than those on mitogen-stimulated spleen cells. Kinetic studies of the expression of MALA-1 and the transferrin receptor on Con A-activated spleen T cells showed that both antigens are detectable within 24 hr of Con A stimulation. Although the density of the transferrin receptor on Con A blasts declined as the cell proliferation ceased, MALA-1 expression persisted. Immunoprecipitation of MALA-1 from surface-iodinated Con A blasts revealed its m.w. to be approximately 14,000 to 18,000.
Antigenic regions defined by monoclonal antibodies correspond to structural domains of avian lysozyme.
Authors: Smith-Gill S J , Lavoie T B , Mainhart C R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The epitopes recognized by six new BALB/c hybridomas specific for the protein antigen hen egg-white lysozyme (HEL) were mapped in detail. Although fine specificities of all the antibodies were distinct, many of the epitopes overlap in complex patterns. The antibodies could be grouped into three complementation groups, one of which also included the previously characterized HyHEL -5 which is specific for Arg68 . Complex interactions were observed among the antibodies, both among and within complementation groups, including nonreciprocal competition and enhanced binding. Two of the complementation groups mapped near the catalytic site in a new antigenic region. The antibodies HyHEL -8 and HyHEL -10 had very similar and over-lapping specificities, and may recognize very closely related epitopes. The results suggest that the epitopes may form a continuous antigenic surface, and that antigenic regions correspond to structural domains defined by the tertiary structure of HEL.