bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Aggregation‐Induced Change in the Fluorescence of Carbon Dots: Naked Eye Water Detection in a Selective Organic Solvent
Authors: Hazra Niladri , Paul Subir , Hazra Soumyajit , Banerjee Arindam 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this study, newly synthesized crystalline carbon dots shows the concentration and solvent‐dependent multicolor emission. The carbon dots have been characterized by several techniques like Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV‐visible and fluorescence spectroscopy, and field emission gun transmission electron microscopy (FEG‐TEM). The high polarity of the solvents and the high concentration of the carbon dots help it to aggregate which opens up a new red‐shifted emission band. It has been revealed that the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the dispersed and aggregated state of the carbon dots becomes the actual cause behind this change. These carbon dots selectively shows the white light emission in the dioxane. The particular polarity of the dioxane selectively helps for the coexistence of the blue and greenish‐yellow emission bands with the same intensity which eventually turns the emission very much near to white light. It has been found that the very minute amount of water present in dioxane (0.1 % V/V) can change the emission nature of the carbon dots. This observation has finally helped these carbon dots for highly selective and perceptible water detection in dioxane.
A Greener Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Tea Leaf and Aloe Vera Leaf Extract for Catalytic Organic Dye Degradation Application
Authors: Sarkar Pankaj , Paul Sandip Kumar , Sahu Kashinath , Mandal Surajit , Islam Quazi Arif , Chakrabarty Rinku 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles via a green method has obtained a vast attention because of its simplicity, eco‐friendliness, less toxicity and cost‐effectiveness. In this present study, silver nanoparticle has been synthesized via the mixture of tea leaf and aloe vera leaf extract at room temperature. The synthesized silver nanoparticle was characterized in detail. Dynamic Light Scattering analysis shows an average particle size of 90 nm. The polyphenolic compounds present in the tea and aloe vera leaves act as the capping agent for the growth of synthesized nanoparticles. The isolated silver nanoparticles possess remarkable catalytic activity towards the degradation of organic dyes including methylene blue, methyl orange and rhodamine B. The catalyst also shows good cyclability for dye degradation along with chemical and structural stability. The present study suggests that silver nanoparticles synthesized by tea and aloe vera extract could be a potential stable catalyst for the degradation of various kinds of dyes and these types of plant extracts can be used to prepare efficient catalysts for various kinds of applications.
Insights into Reversible Sodium Intercalation in a Novel Sodium‐Deficient NASICON‐Type Structure:Na3.40□0.60Co0.5Fe0.5V(PO4)3
Authors: Hou Jingrong , Hadouchi Mohammed , Sui Lijun , Liu Jie , Tang Mingxue , Hu Zhiwei , Lin Hong‐Ji , Kuo Chang‐Yang , Chen Chien‐Te , Pao Chih‐Wen , Huang Yunhui , Ma Jiwei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe rational design of novel high‐performance cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries is a challenge for the development of the renewable energy sector. Here, a new sodium‐deficient NASICON phosphate, namely Na3.40□0.60Co0.5Fe0.5V(PO4)3, demonstrating the excellent electrochemical performance is reported. The presence of Co allows a third Na+ to participate in the reaction thus exhibiting a high reversible capacity of ≈155 mAh g−1 in the voltage range of 2.0–4.0 V versus Na+/Na with a reversible single‐phase mechanism and a small volume shrinkage of ≈5.97% at 4.0 V. 23Na solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) combined with ex situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) refinements provide evidence for a preferential Na+ insertion within the Na2 site. Furthermore, the enhanced sodium kinetics ascribed to Co‐substitution is also confirmed in combination with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT), and theoretical calculation.
Stable and High‐Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells Using Effective Additive Ytterbium Fluoride
Authors: Li Zhigang , Cao Yang , Feng Jiangshan , Lou Junjie , Liu Yucheng , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWith better light utilization, larger tolerance factor, and higher power conversion efficiency (PCE), the HC(NH2)2+(FA)‐based perovskite is proven superior to the popular CH3NH3+ (MA)‐ and Cs‐based halide perovskites in solar cell applications. Unfortunately, limited by intrinsic defects within the FA‐based perovskite films, the perovskite films can be easily transformed into a yellow δ‐phase at room temperature in the fabrication process, a troublesome challenge for its further development. Here, ytterbium fluoride (YbF3) is introduced into the perovskite precursor for three objectives. First of all, the partial substitution of Yb3+ for Pb2+ in the perovskite lattice increases the tolerance factor of the perovskite lattice and facilitates the formation of the α phase. Second, YbF3 and DMSO in the solvent form a Lewis acid complex YbF3·DMSO, which can passivate the perovskite film, reduce defects, and improve device stability. Consequently, the YbF3 modified Perovskite solar cell exhibits a champion conversion efficiency of 24.53% and still maintains 90% of its initial efficiency after 60 days of air exposure under 30% relative humidity.
Insights on the Roles of Nitrogen Configuration in Enhancing the Performance of Electrocatalytic Methanol Oxidation over Pt Nanoparticles
Authors: Li Yanru , Li Hongwei , Zhao Yan , Ji Dong , Guo Peng , Li Guixian , Zhao Xinhong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractStabilization of the Pt in N‐doped carbon materials is an effective method to improve the performance of electrocatalytic methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). Nevertheless, the roles of different N configurations (pyridinic N, pyrrolic N, and graphitic N) toward the electrochemical performance of Pt‐based catalysts remain unclear. Herein, Density Functional Theory calculations are adopted to elucidate the synergistic promotion of MOR by different N‐configurations with Pt nanoparticles (NPs). Guided by the theoretical study, a series of MOR electrocatalysts with different ratios of pyridinic N and pyrrolic N (denoted as Pt/N‐CNT‐X (500, 600, 700, 800, and 900)) are designed and synthesized. Surprisingly, the electrocatalytic activity of Pt/N‐CNT‐600 with a suitable ratio of pyrrolic‐N and pyridinic‐N for MOR reaches 2394.7 mA mg−1Pt and 5515.8 mA mg−1Pt in acidic and alkaline media, respectively, which are superior to the Pt/CNTs, commercial Pt/C, and the ever‐reported Pt‐based electrocatalysts. The strong metal‐support interaction induced by the N‐doping is the crucial reason for the superior electrocatalytic performance. More importantly, the ability of pyrrolic‐N and pyridinic‐N in promoting the adsorption and oxidation of CH3OH and the oxidation of CO* is substantiated for the first time in methanol oxidation. This work provides new insights on the design of efficient electrocatalysts for MOR.
Freestanding, Freeform Metamolecule Fibers Tailoring Artificial Optical Magnetism
Authors: Kim Won‐Geun , Kim Hongyoon , Ko Byoungsu , Jeon Nara , Park Cherry , Oh Jin‐Woo , Rho Junsuk 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMetamolecule clusters support various unique types of artificial electromagnetism at optical frequencies. However, the technological challenges regarding the freeform fabrication of freestanding metamolecule clusters with programmed geometries and multiple compositions remain unresolved. Here, the freeform, freestanding raspberry‐like metamolecule (RMM) fibers based on the directional guidance of a femtoliter meniscus are presented, resulting in the evaporative co‐assembly of silica nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles with the aid of 3D nanoprinting. This method offers a facile and universal pathway to shape RMM fibers in 3D, enabling versatile manipulation of near‐ and far‐field characteristics. In particular, the authors demonstrate the ability to decrease the scattering of the millimeter‐scale RMM fiber in visible spectrum. In addition, the influence of electric and magnetic dipole modes on the directional scattering of RMM fibers is investigated. These experiments show that the magnetic response of an individual RMM can be controlled by adjusting the filling factor of gold nanoparticles. The authors anticipate that this method will allow for unrestricted design and realization of nanophotonic structures, surpassing the limitations of conventional fabrication processes.
Grain Boundary Effects of Hierarchical Ni‐Fe (Oxy)hydroxide Nanosheets in Water Oxidation
Authors: Du Jing , Zhang Hong , Hu Wei , Li Zelong , Gao Wensheng , Wang Xiaomei , Li Can 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe robust and scalable oxygen evolution electrocatalysts that can deliver high current densities at low applied potential is a great challenge for the large‐scale industrial application in hydrogen production. Here, the preparation of a grain‐boundary‐rich Ni‐Fe (oxy)hydroxide catalyst on Ni foam is reported using a scalable coating approach followed by a chemical precipitating treatment. This facile method effectively assembles the hierarchical Ni‐Fe (oxy)hydroxide nanosheet in the ultrasmall crystalline domains (<4 nm) with rich grain boundaries. The hierarchical nanosheet structure with the grain boundaries provides more accessible catalytic sites, facile charge, and mass transfer. Benefiting from the abundant grain boundaries in the hierarchical nanosheets, the as‐prepared Ni‐Fe (oxy)hydroxide electrodes deliver current densities of 500 and 1000 mA cm−2 at overpotentials of only 278 and 296 mV for the oxygen evolution reaction. The prepared electrode also exhibits long‐term durability at a high current density in alkaline conditions.
Using state-space models to estimate recreational angling effort and infer processes that regulate angler dynamics
Authors: McCormick Joshua L. , Heckel John W. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective
State-space models are a flexible modeling approach and are often fit to ecological time series data exhibiting temporal autocorrelation. Traditionally, angler effort data collected using on-site creel surveys are analyzed using design-based methods. With some exceptions, state-space models are rarely used to model creel survey data that are also generally a time series of temporally autocorrelated counts.

Methods
In this study, we demonstrated how to fit state-space models to a time series of angler counts in 11 sections of three trout fisheries in Idaho. The basic model was extended to make inference about processes that may regulate angling dynamics, such as “population growth rate” of angling effort and recreational carrying capacity.

Result
Estimated angling effort varied from 21,179 h in the lowermost section of the Henrys Fork Snake River to 199,457 h in the uppermost section of the South Fork Snake River. The finite population growth rate of angling effort was 1.82 when transitioning from a weekday to a weekend, suggesting that angling effort was 1.82 times greater, on average, on Saturdays than on Fridays, and the population growth rate was 0.38 (i.e., 0.38 times smaller) when transitioning from a Sunday to a Monday. Estimated carrying capacity among fishery sections varied from 129 daily hours of angling effort on the Big Lost River to 693 h on the middle section of the South Fork Snake River. Carrying capacity was 1.88 times higher on fishery sections that had ≥0.5 access points/km than on sections with &lt;0.5 access points/km.

Conclusion
The state-space models used in this study can be modified or extended to fit a variety of data types or can be used to evaluate additional hypotheses regarding the angling process.
The effect of green synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles/collagen/HA scaffold in bone regeneration: As an animal study
Authors: Yazdanian Alireza , Jahandideh Alireza , Hesaraki Saeed 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe bone defects cannot heal by themselves when their range exceeds the critical size defect (CSD). In clinical treatment, significant bone defects are often caused by trauma, developmental deformity, tumour resection and infection.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of green synthesis of TiO2 from propolis extract/collagen/HA (Hydroxyapatite) scaffolds on bone regeneration in rats.MethodsWater uptake, biodegradability, porosity and biodegradation of the scaffolds were evaluated after they were synthesised using freeze‐dry method. Cell viability by MTT assay was then evaluated. During the 4, 8 and 12 weeks following the scaffold implantation, the bone regeneration was evaluated using macroscopic and microscopic tests to determine the effectiveness of green synthesis of TiO2 from propolis extract/collagen/HA scaffolds.ResultsCompared to the HA/Coll scaffold, ProTiO2/HA/Coll scaffold was reduced porosity, water absorption and degradability porosity. Based on in vitro tests, both synthetic scaffolds induced cell growth and were less toxic and stimulated cell growth. Based on histopathological testing, the ProTiO2/HA/Coll scaffolds formed high levels of bone during 12 weeks in comparison with HA/Coll and control group.ConclusionsProTiO2/HA/Coll composite can be used in regenerative medicine, bone fillers and scaffolds. As a result, this research suggests that ProTiO2/HA/Coll composites could be promising candidates for bone regeneration.
Small x physics beyond eikonal approximation: an effective Hamiltonian approach
Authors: Li Ming 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Understanding the spin structure of hadrons in the small x regime is an important direction to unravel the spin puzzle in hadronic physics. To include spin degrees of freedom in the small x regime requires going beyond the usual eikonal approximation in high energy QCD. We developed an effective Hamiltonian approach to study spin related observables in the small x regime using the shockwave formalism. The small-x effective Hamiltonian incorporates both quark and gluon propagators in the background fields and the background field induced interaction vertices up to next-to-eikonal order. A novel feature of sub-eikonal interactions is the background gluon field induced gluon radiation inside the shockwave. Its relation to chromo-electrically polarized Wilson line correlator is established both in small x helicity evolution and in longitudinal double-spin asymmetry for gluon production.
Boundary and domain wall theories of 2d generalized quantum double model
Authors: Jia Zhian , Kaszlikowski Dagomir , Tan Sheng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The generalized quantum double lattice realization of 2d topological orders based on Hopf algebras is discussed in this work. Both left-module and right-module constructions are investigated. The ribbon operators and the classification of topological excitations based on the representations of the quantum double of Hopf algebras are discussed. To generalize the model to a 2d surface with boundaries and surface defects, we present a systematic construction of the boundary Hamiltonian and domain wall Hamiltonian. The algebraic data behind the gapped boundary and domain wall are comodule algebras and bicomodule algebras. The topological excitations in the boundary and domain wall are classified by bimodules over these algebras. The ribbon operator realization of boundary-bulk duality is also discussed. Finally, via the Hopf tensor network representation of the quantum many-body states, we solve the ground state of the model in the presence of the boundary and domain wall.
The cosmological switchback effect
Authors: Baiguera Stefano , Berman Rotem , Chapman Shira , Myers Robert C. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The volume behind the black hole horizon was suggested as a holographic dual for the quantum computational complexity of the boundary state in AdS/CFT. This identification is strongly motivated by the switchback effect: a characteristic delay of complexity growth in reaction to an inserted perturbation, modelled as a shockwave in the bulk. Recent proposals of de Sitter (dS) holography suggest that a dual theory could be living on a stretched horizon near the cosmological horizon. We study how the spacetime volume behind the cosmological horizon in Schwarzschild-dS space reacts to the insertion of shockwaves in an attempt to characterize the properties of this dual theory. We demonstrate that a switchback effect can be observed in dS space. That is, the growth of complexity is delayed in reaction to a perturbation. This delay is longer for earlier shocks and depends on a scrambling time which is logarithmic in the strength of the shockwave and proportional to the inverse temperature of the cosmological dS horizon. This behavior is very similar to what happens for AdS black holes, albeit the geometric origin of the effect is somewhat different.
Bootstrapping string dynamics in the 6d 𝒩 = (2, 0) theories
Authors: Meneghelli Carlo , Trépanier Maxime 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We present two complementary approaches to calculating the 2-point function of stress tensors in the presence of a 1/2 BPS surface defect of the 6d 𝒩 = (2, 0) theories. First, we use analytical bootstrap techniques at large N to obtain the first nontrivial correction to this correlator, from which we extract the defect CFT (dCFT) data characterising the 2d dCFT of the 1/2 BPS plane. Along the way we derive a supersymmetric inversion formula, obtain the relevant superconformal blocks and check that crossing symmetry is satisfied. Notably our result features a holomorphic function whose appearance is related to the chiral algebra construction of Beem, Rastelli and van Rees. Second, we use that chiral algebra description to obtain exact results for the BPS sector of the dCFT, valid at any N and for any choice of surface operator. These results provide a window into the dynamics of strings of the mysterious 6d theories.
Large N analytical functional bootstrap. Part I. 1D CFTs and total positivity
Authors: Li Zhijin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We initiate the analytical functional bootstrap study of conformal field theories with large N limits. In this first paper we particularly focus on the 1D O(N) vector bootstrap. We obtain a remarkably simple bootstrap equation from the O(N) vector crossing equations in the large N limit. The numerical conformal bootstrap bound is saturated by the generalized free field theories, while its extremal functional actions do not converge to any non-vanishing limit. We study the analytical extremal functionals of this crossing equation, for which the total positivity of the SL(2, ℝ) conformal block plays a critical role. We prove the SL(2, ℝ) conformal block is totally positive in the limits with large ∆ or small 1 − z and show that the total positivity is violated below a critical value $$ {\Delta }_{\textrm{TP}}^{\ast } $$

∆
TP
∗

≈ 0.32315626. The SL(2, ℝ) conformal block forms a surprisingly sophisticated mathematical structure, which for instance can violate total positivity at the order 10−5654 for a normal value ∆ = 0.1627! We construct a series of analytical functionals {αM} which satisfy the bootstrap positive conditions up to a range ∆ ⩽ ΛM. The functionals {αM} have a trivial large M limit. However, due to total positivity, they can approach the large M limit in a way consistent with the bootstrap positive conditions for arbitrarily high ΛM. Moreover, in the region ∆ ⩽ ΛM, the analytical functional actions are consistent with the numerical bootstrap results, therefore it clarifies the positive structure in the crossing equation analytically. Our result provides a concrete example to illustrate how the analytical properties of the conformal block lead to nontrivial bootstrap bounds. We expect this work paves the way for large N analytical functional bootstrap in higher dimensions.
Pion screening mass at finite chemical potential
Authors: Thakkar Rishabh , Hegde Prasad 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We present a method to compute the responses of meson screening masses to the chemical potential by Taylor expanding the correlator using lattice QCD simulation. We start by comparing the free theory lattice results with the analytical expression. Then, using symmetry arguments, we obtain an expression for the correlator in a series of the chemical potential at finite temperature. Using this, we obtain the lowest order correction to the screening mass at a finite chemical potential for temperatures around 2.5 GeV. Our lattice analysis is limited to isoscalar chemical potential for the pseudoscalar channel. The calculations were performed using (2+1)-flavors of the Highly Improved Staggered Quark (HISQ/tree) action, with the ratio of the strange quark mass to the light quark mass ms/mℓ = 20 corresponding to pion masses of 160 MeV.
Interpolations of monoidal categories and algebraic structures by invariant theory
Authors: Meir Ehud 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this paper we give a general construction of symmetric monoidal categories that generalizes Deligne’s interpolated categories, the categories introduced by Knop, and the recent TQFT construction of Khovanov, Ostrik, and Kononov. The categories we will consider are generated by an algebraic structure. In a previous work by the author a universal ring of invariants $$\mathfrak {U}$$
U
for algebraic structures of a specific type was constructed. It was shown that any algebraic structure of this type in $${\text {Vec}}_K$$

Vec
K

gives rise to a character $$\chi :\mathfrak {U}\rightarrow K$$

χ
:
U
→
K

. In this paper we consider algebraic structure in general symmetric monoidal categories, not only in $${\text {Vec}}_K$$

Vec
K

, and general characters on $$\mathfrak {U}$$
U
. From any character $$\chi :\mathfrak {U}\rightarrow K$$

χ
:
U
→
K

we construct a symmetric monoidal category $${\mathcal {C}}_{\chi }$$

C
χ

, analogous to the universal construction from TQFT. We then give necessary and sufficient conditions for a given character to arise from a structure in an abelian category with finite dimensional hom-spaces. We call such characters good characters. We show that if $$\chi $$
χ
is good then $${\mathcal {C}}_{\chi }$$

C
χ

is abelian and semisimple, and that the set of good characters forms a K-algebra. We also show that the categories $${\mathcal {C}}_{\chi }$$

C
χ

contain all categories of the form $${\text {Rep}}(G)$$

Rep
(
G
)

, where G is reductive. The construction of $${\mathcal {C}}_{\chi }$$

C
χ

gives a way to interpolate algebraic structures, and also symmetric monoidal categories, in a way that generalizes Deligne’s categories $${\text {Rep}}(S_t)$$

Rep
(

S
t

)

, $${\text {Rep}}({\text {GL}}_t(K))$$

Rep
(

GL
t

(
K
)

)

, and $${\text {Rep}}(\text {O}_t)$$

Rep
(

O
t

)

. We also explain how one can recover the recent construction of 2 dimensional TQFT of Khovanov, Ostrik, and Kononov, by the methods presented here. We give new examples, of interpolations of the categories $${\text {Rep}}({\text {Aut}}_{{\mathcal {O}}}(M))$$

Rep
(

Aut
O

(
M
)

)

where $${\mathcal {O}}$$
O
is a discrete valuation ring with a finite residue field, and M is a finite module over it. We also generalize the construction of wreath products with $$S_t$$

S
t

, which was introduced by Knop.