bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A smart and flexible approach for aggregation of adjacent polygons to meet a minimum target area or attribute value
Authors: Schiavina Marcello , Melchiorri Michele , Freire Sérgio 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMany geospatial analyses require flexible aggregation of adjacent units to meet a minimum target area or attribute value. This is usually accomplished using several non-automated and complex GIS tasks. We developed an integrated user-friendly approach and algorithm implemented in the ‘GHS-SmartDissolve’ tool, which addresses minimum mapping unit or attribute value requirements, layers resolution mismatch, spatial uncertainty or modifiable areal unit problem in GIScience. This method automatically dissolves adjacent features updating fields’ values to reach a minimum target area or attribute value, using a flexible settings framework to meet user requirements. Also provided as a toolbox for ArcGIS (Esri), the approach is demonstrated by (i) estimating the mean particulate matter concentrations for all municipalities in Italy in 2011 by combining a coarse grid of global PM2.5 concentrations with fine administrative units; (ii) estimating boundaries of Metropolitan areas in Portugal as aggregation of municipalities, by matching their total population.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with decreased bone mineral density in upper Egyptian patients
Authors: Hassan Amro M. , Haridy Mustafa Ahmed , Shoaeir Mohamed Z. , Abdel-Aziz Tarek M. , Qura Mohamed Khairy , Kenawy Eglal M. , Mansour Tarek Mohamed M. , Salaheldin Elsayed Sameh , Ali Wael Esmat , Abdelmeguid Mona Mohamed , Abdel-Gawad Muhammad 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been linked with a number of extra hepatic diseases and could be a potential risk factor of decreasing bone mineral density. To determine whether Upper Egyptian patients with NAFLD are at risk of developing osteoporosis. Cross sectional study was done on a total 100 individuals; 50 patients diagnosed with NAFLD (based on ultrasound imaging) crossed-matched with 50 individuals without NAFLD based on age, sex and body mass index. Bone mineral density, serum calcium and phosphorus levels, serum parathyroid hormone, serum vitamin D and fasting insulin level were assessed. Osteoporosis was prevalent in NAFLD patients versus to controls (19/50 vs. 0/50; P < 0.001). There was significant decrease in bone mineral density in NAFLD patients than controls (− 2.29 ± 0.4 vs. − 1.53 ± 0.1; P < 0.001). There was a statistical significance decrease in serum vitamin D and calcium levels in NAFLD patients than controls. Furthermore, vitamin D levels in the NAFLD group was a predictor for osteoporosis (OR 0.614; 95% CI 0.348–0.825). Patients with NAFLD tend to have a significant decrease in bone density, vitamin D, and serum calcium levels than controls.
Critically synchronized brain waves form an effective, robust and flexible basis for human memory and learning
Authors: Galinsky Vitaly L. , Frank Lawrence R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe effectiveness, robustness, and flexibility of memory and learning constitute the very essence of human natural intelligence, cognition, and consciousness. However, currently accepted views on these subjects have, to date, been put forth without any basis on a true physical theory of how the brain communicates internally via its electrical signals. This lack of a solid theoretical framework has implications not only for our understanding of how the brain works, but also for wide range of computational models developed from the standard orthodox view of brain neuronal organization and brain network derived functioning based on the Hodgkin–Huxley ad-hoc circuit analogies that have produced a multitude of Artificial, Recurrent, Convolution, Spiking, etc., Neural Networks (ARCSe NNs) that have in turn led to the standard algorithms that form the basis of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) methods. Our hypothesis, based upon our recently developed physical model of weakly evanescent brain wave propagation (WETCOW) is that, contrary to the current orthodox model that brain neurons just integrate and fire under accompaniment of slow leaking, they can instead perform much more sophisticated tasks of efficient coherent synchronization/desynchronization guided by the collective influence of propagating nonlinear near critical brain waves, the waves that currently assumed to be nothing but inconsequential subthreshold noise. In this paper we highlight the learning and memory capabilities of our WETCOW framework and then apply it to the specific application of AI/ML and Neural Networks. We demonstrate that the learning inspired by these critically synchronized brain waves is shallow, yet its timing and accuracy outperforms deep ARCSe counterparts on standard test datasets. These results have implications for both our understanding of brain function and for the wide range of AI/ML applications.
A urine-based ELISA with recombinant non-glycosylated SARS-CoV-2 spike protein for detecting anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies
Authors: Ramos Fernanda F. , Bagno Flávia F. , Vassallo Paula F. , Oliveira-da-Silva João A. , Reis Thiago A. R. , Bandeira Raquel S. , Machado Amanda S. , Lage Daniela P. , Martins Vivian T. , Fernandes Ana P. , Christodoulides Myron , Ravetti Cecilia G. , Nobre Vandack , da Fonseca Flávio G. , Coelho Eduardo A. F. , Ludolf Fernanda 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSerological assays have been widely used to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, which are generated from previous exposure to the virus or after vaccination. The presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid antibodies was recently reported in patients´ urine using an in-house urine-based ELISA-platform, allowing a non-invasive way to collect clinical samples and assess immune conversion. In the current study, we evaluated and validated another in-house urine-based ELISA for the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike antibodies. Three partial recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike proteins comprising the Receptor Binding Domain, expressed in eukaryotic or prokaryotic systems, were tested in an ELISA platform against a panel of over 140 urine and paired serum samples collected from 106 patients confirmed positive for SARS-CoV-2 by qRT-PCR. The key findings from our study were that anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike antibodies could be detected in urine samples and that the prokaryotic expression of the rSARS-CoV-2 Spike protein was not a barrier to obtain relatively high serology efficiency for the urine-based assay. Thus, use of a urine-based ELISA assay with partial rSARS-CoV-2 Spike proteins, expressed in a prokaryotic system, could be considered as a convenient tool for screening for the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike antibodies, and overcome the difficulties arising from sample collection and the need for recombinant proteins produced with eukaryotic expression systems.
From a genome-wide screen of RNAi molecules against SARS-CoV-2 to a validated broad-spectrum and potent prophylaxis
Authors: Yogev Ohad , Weissbrod Omer , Battistoni Giorgia , Bressan Dario , Naamati Adi , Falciatori Ilaria , Berkyurek Ahmet Can , Rasnic Roni , Izuagbe Rhys , Hosmillo Myra , Ilan Shaul , Grossman Iris , McCormick Lauren , Honeycutt Christopher Cole , Johnston Timothy , Gagne Matthew , Douek Daniel C , Goodfellow Ian , Hannon Gregory James , Erlich Yaniv 
Published: March 2023

AbstractExpanding the arsenal of prophylactic approaches against SARS-CoV-2 is of utmost importance, specifically those strategies that are resistant to antigenic drift in Spike. Here, we conducted a screen of over 16,000 RNAi triggers against the SARS-CoV-2 genome, using a massively parallel assay to identify hyper-potent siRNAs. We selected Ten candidates for in vitro validation and found five siRNAs that exhibited hyper-potent activity (IC50 < 20 pM) and strong blockade of infectivity in live-virus experiments. We further enhanced this activity by combinatorial pairing of the siRNA candidates and identified cocktails that were active against multiple types of variants of concern (VOC). We then examined over 2,000 possible mutations in the siRNA target sites by using saturation mutagenesis and confirmed broad protection of the leading cocktail against future variants. Finally, we demonstrated that intranasal administration of this siRNA cocktail effectively attenuates clinical signs and viral measures of disease in the gold-standard Syrian hamster model. Our results pave the way for the development of an additional layer of antiviral prophylaxis that is orthogonal to vaccines and monoclonal antibodies.
Distinct inter-domain interactions of dimeric versus monomeric α-catenin link cell junctions to filaments
Authors: Rangarajan Erumbi S. , Smith Emmanuel W. , Izard Tina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAttachment between cells is crucial for almost all aspects of the life of cells. These inter-cell adhesions are mediated by the binding of transmembrane cadherin receptors of one cell to cadherins of a neighboring cell. Inside the cell, cadherin binds β-catenin, which interacts with α-catenin. The transitioning of cells between migration and adhesion is modulated by α-catenin, which links cell junctions and the plasma membrane to the actin cytoskeleton. At cell junctions, a single β-catenin/α-catenin heterodimer slips along filamentous actin in the direction of cytoskeletal tension which unfolds clustered heterodimers to form catch bonds with F-actin. Outside cell junctions, α-catenin dimerizes and links the plasma membrane to F-actin. Under cytoskeletal tension, α-catenin unfolds and forms an asymmetric catch bond with F-actin. To understand the mechanism of this important α-catenin function, we determined the 2.7 Å cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM) structures of filamentous actin alone and bound to human dimeric α-catenin. Our structures provide mechanistic insights into the role of the α-catenin interdomain interactions in directing α-catenin function and suggest a bivalent mechanism. Further, our cryoEM structure of human monomeric α-catenin provides mechanistic insights into α-catenin autoinhibition. Collectively, our structures capture the initial α-catenin interaction with F-actin before the sensing of force, which is a crucial event in cell adhesion and human disease.
Seasonal and habitat-based variations in vertical export of biogenic sea-ice proxies in Hudson Bay
Authors: Luostarinen Tiia , Weckström Kaarina , Ehn Jens , Kamula Michelle , Burson Amanda , Diaz Aura , Massé Guillaume , McGowan Suzanne , Kuzyk Zou Zou , Heikkilä Maija 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDespite their wide use in past sea-ice reconstructions, the seasonal, habitat and species-based sources of sedimentary sea-ice proxies are poorly understood. Here, we conduct direct observations of the community composition of diatoms, dinoflagellate cysts and highly branched isoprenoid lipids within the sea ice, water column, sediment traps and sediment surface in the Belcher Islands Archipelago, Hudson Bay throughout spring 2019. We find that Arctic diatom and dinoflagellate cysts species commonly used as sea-ice proxies appear to be only indirectly linked to sea-ice conditions, and that the sediment assemblages of these groups overrepresent summertime pelagic blooms. Species contributing to the diverse sea-ice diatom communities are rare in the sediment. Dinoflagellate cysts form a typical Arctic assemblage in the sediment, although they are virtually absent in the sea ice and water column in spring. We also find that certain highly branched isoprenoid lipids that were previously considered indicators of open water, can be produced in sea-ice. We conclude that contextual knowledge and a multiproxy approach are necessary in reconstruction, encouraging further studies on the sources and controls of sea-ice proxy production in different geographic areas.
HOTAIR as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of gastrointestinal cancers: an updated meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis based on TCGA data
Authors: Yang Jinyou , Xu Shuyu , Wang Shaozhuo , Zou Xuyan , Duan Mingxiu , Zhang Qiaoling , Wang Chao 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers are the most common type of cancer affecting humans. High expression of HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR), a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), in various types of different tumors may be associated with poor prognosis. In the present study, we performed a meta-analysis of the relationship between HOTAIR expression and gastrointestinal cancers. Five databases were comprehensively searched for all literature until January 2023. Moreover, the target genes of HOTAIR were predicted by coexpression analysis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) gene expression matrix for six gastrointestinal cancer types. Finally, the mechanism through which HOTAIR affects tumors of the digestive system was systematically reviewed. Our results showed that the high HOTAIR expression group had worse outcomes with a pooled hazard ratio (HR) of 1.56 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.38–1.75, P&lt;0.001). Furthermore, HOTAIR was identified as an unfavorable prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) in the esophageal carcinoma (ESCA) and gastric cancer (GC), as the HR were 1.94 and 1.58, respectively. The high correlation between the expression of homeobox C (HOXC) family genes and HOTAIR, with correlation coefficients of 0.863 (HOXC11), 0.664 (HOXC10), 0.645 (HOXC8), and 0.581 (HOXC12). The ‘cell cycle’ pathway and pathways relating to infections, namely ‘herpes simplex virus 1 infection’ and ‘complement and coagulation cascades’ were significantly enriched in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Also, we perform a systematic review to summarize the related oncogenic mechanism of HOTAIR. In conclusion, the HOTAIR has been identified as a potential prognostic factor in patients with gastrointestinal cancers.
Loop and distillation: Attention weights fusion transformer for fine‐grained representation
Authors: Fayou Sun , Ngo Hea Choon , Meng Zuqiang , Sek Yong Wee 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLearning subtle discriminative feature representation plays a significant role in Fine‐Grained Visual Categorisation (FGVC). The vision transformer (ViT) achieves promising performance in the traditional image classification filed due to its multi‐head self‐attention mechanism. Unfortunately, ViT cannot effectively capture critical feature regions for FGVC due to only focusing on classification token and adopting the strategy of one‐time image input. Besides, the advantage of attention weights fusion is not applied to ViT. To promote the performance of capturing vital regions for FGVC, the authors propose a novel model named RDTrans, which proposes discriminative region with top priority in a recurrent learning way. Specifically, proposed vital regions at each scale will be cropped and amplified as the next input parameters to finally locate the most discriminative region. Furthermore, a distillation learning method is employed to provide better supervision for elevating the generalisation ability. Concurrently, RDTrans can be easily trained end‐to‐end in a weakly‐supervised learning way. Extensive experiments demonstrate that RDTrans yields state‐of‐the‐art performance on four widely used fine‐grained benchmarks, including CUB‐200‐2011, Stanford Cars, Stanford Dogs, and iNat2017.
An unusually powerful and long-lasting water maser flare phenomenon in IRAS 16293-2422
Authors: Volvach A. E. , Volvach L. N. , Larionov M. G. 
Published: March 2023

Aims. Our goal is to obtain new detailed observational data on the water maser flare phenomenon, unprecedented in power and duration, that occurred in IRAS 16293-2422 and determine the physical characteristics of the individual flares.
Methods. We used the ground-based 22 m radio telescope to conduct long-term observations of the water maser features near – 1.5 km s−1 in IRAS 16293-2422. The movement of the radio telescope, collection of observational data, and processing were performed automatically. We used spectral-temporal data analysis to identify water maser flares in a complex flare phenomenon and determine their physical parameters.
Results. The detected maser emission came from the largest structure of maser spots, the high density of which resulted in their partial overlap in time. There were a total of ten individual powerful flares in the phenomenon. The existence of such a complex configuration of emitting maser spots with very similar radial velocities has been confirmed for the first time. We were able to determine that masers of the powerful flares were in an unsaturated state due to a cascade pumping of radiation from several masers located in the observer’s line of sight. We obtained new important physical parameters of maser flares: the detailed shape of flares, the state of the water maser during flares, the H2O kinetic temperature, the density of the medium, the degree of ionization, and the velocities of the maser spots responsible for the flares.
Joint optimal measurement for locating two incoherent optical point sources near the Rayleigh distance
Authors: Shi Yingying , Lu Xiao-Ming 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Simultaneously optimizing the estimation of the centroid and separation of two incoherent optical point sources is constrained by a tradeoff relation determined by an incompatibility coefficient. At the Rayleigh distance, the incompatibility coefficient vanishes and thus the tradeoff relation no longer restricts the simultaneous optimization of measurement for a joint estimation. We construct such a joint optimal measurement by an elaborated analysis on the operator algebra of the symmetric logarithmic derivative. Our work not only confirms the existence of a joint optimal measurement for this specific imaging model, but also gives a promising method to characterize the condition on measurement compatibility for general multiparameter estimation problems.
Three-dimensional potential energy surface for fission of 236U within covariant density functional theory*
Authors: Zhou Ming-Hui , Li Ze-Yu , Chen Sheng-Yuan , Chen Yong-Jing , Li Zhi-Pan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We calculate the three-dimensional potential energy surface (PES) for the fission of the compound nucleus

U using covariant density functional theory with constraints on the axial quadrupole and octupole deformations

as well as the nucleon number in the neck

. By considering the additional degree of freedom

, the coexistence of the elongated and compact fission modes is predicted for

. Remarkably, the PES becomes shallow across a large range of quadrupole and octupole deformations for small

, and consequently, the scission line in the

plane extends to a shallow band, leading to fluctuations of several to ten MeV in the estimated total kinetic energies and of several to approximately ten nucleons in the fragment masses.
Localization Method for the Pointing Observation with the Collimated Telescopes of Insight-HXMT
Authors: Luo Qi , Liao Jin-Yuan , Nang Yi , Li Cheng-Kui , Wang Chen , Sai Na , Guan Ju , Chen Yu-Peng , Guo Cheng-Cheng , Liu Yuan , Zhang Shu , Zhang Shuang-Nan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
An accurate target source position is sometimes useful for the pointing observation with the collimated telescopes of the Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (Insight-HXMT), which is determined by the reliability of the instrumental response. Insight-HXMT has the unique design that all three main payloads (LE, ME and HE) consist of detector groups with three fields of views (FOVs) whose orientations differ by 60°. As the point-spread functions are different at different positions in the FOV coordinates, the count rate ratios between the detector groups depend on the position of an X-ray source in the FOVs. Based on the multi-FOV design, we develop a localization method for an X-ray source in the pointing observation of Insight-HXMT. The accuracy of the method is investigated with the pointing observations of the Crab with different exposures. We find that the statistical error decreases with the exposure, and the systematic error is dominant for the exposure >128 s. With the exposure of 1024 s, the total error is 0.°015 for the Crab. This method can effectively distinguish the Rapid Burster H 1730–333 and Slow Burster GX 354–0, which are only 0.°5 apart and can both contribute to bursts in the light curve obtained by Insight-HXMT. We also apply the pointing observation localization method to locate the X-ray counterpart of FRB 200428 with high precision. The located position is consistent with SGR J1935+2154 within 1σ uncertainty of 10′, which provides important evidence that fast radio bursts can originate from magnetars.
An RFI Mitigation Pipeline for CRAFTS Multi-beam Data Based on Signal Cross-Correlation Function and SumThreshold Algorithm
Authors: Chen Zong-Hao , You Shan-Ping , Yu Xu-Hong , Wang Pei , Li Di , Xie Xiao-Yao , Liu Zhi-Jie , Wang Chun-Qing , Zeng Peng , Zhang Bin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The increasing radio frequency interference (RFI) is a well-recognized problem in radio astronomy research. Pulsars and Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) are high-priority science targets of the ongoing Commercial Radio Astronomy FAST Survey (CRAFTS). To improve the quality of RFI removal in searches of pulsars and FRBs based on CRAFTS multi-beam data, we here propose an intuitive but powerful RFI mitigation pipeline (CCF-ST). The “CCF-ST” is a spatial filter constructed by signal cross-correlation function (CCF) and Sum-Threshold (ST) algorithm. The RFI marking result is saved in a “mask” file, a binary format for RFI masks in PRESTO. Three known pulsars, PSR B0525-21, PSR B0621-04, and PSR J0943 + 2252 from CRAFTS L-band 19 beams data are used for evaluation of the performance of CCF-ST in comparison with other methods, such as PRESTO’s “rfifind”, ArPLS-ST and ArPLS-SF. The result shows that CCF-ST can reduce effective data loss rate and improves the detected signal-to-noise ratio of the pulsations by ∼26% and ∼18% respectively compared with PRESTO’s “rfifind” and ArPLS-ST. The CCF-ST also has the advantage of low computational cost, e.g., reducing the time consumption by ∼40% and memory consumption by ∼90% compared with ArPLS-SF. We expect that the new RFI mitigation and analysis toolkit (CCF-ST) demonstrated in this paper can be applied to CRAFTS and other multi-beam telescope observations to improve the data quality and efficiency of pulsar and FRB searches.