bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calculating Social and Environmental Value
Authors: Schoenmaker Dirk , Schramade Willem 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe previous chapters described the importance of balancing the various types of value, but how to calculate those types of value? The core model in corporate finance is the discounted cash flow (DCF) model, used to determine the financial value (FV) of a project or a company. This chapter explains how social (S) and environmental (E) issues can be expressed in value terms to arrive at social value (SV) and environmental value (EV). Recent advances in impact measurement enable companies to measure social and environmental quantities (such as life years saved by medical treatment or carbon emissions from using fossil fuels) and then to multiply these quantities by their respective shadow price, derived from welfare theory.The reason for monetary valuation of (non-market priced) social and environmental impact is to make them visible, and part of the decision-making process, by integrating SV and EV in the accounting system and business language. A common unit ($, € or any other currency) for financial, social, and environmental aspects of business impacts enables managers (and stakeholders) to compare different value components and to analyse the interactions between these value components. The mental challenge for many managers is to start thinking, analysing, and acting in this way, in spite of data gaps and other hurdles.
Machine-Learned Premise Selection for Lean
Authors: Piotrowski Bartosz , Mir Ramon Fernández , Ayers Edward 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe introduce a machine-learning-based tool for the Lean proof assistant that suggests relevant premises for theorems being proved by a user. The design principles for the tool are (1) tight integration with the proof assistant, (2) ease of use and installation, (3) a lightweight and fast approach. For this purpose, we designed a custom version of the random forest model, trained in an online fashion. It is implemented directly in Lean, which was possible thanks to the rich and efficient metaprogramming features of Lean 4. The random forest is trained on data extracted from – Lean’s mathematics library. We experiment with various options for producing training features and labels. The advice from a trained model is accessible to the user via the
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tactic which can be called in an editor while constructing a proof interactively.
gym-saturation: Gymnasium Environments for Saturation Provers (System description)
Authors: Shminke Boris 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis work describes a new version of a previously published Python package — : a collection of OpenAI Gym environments for guiding saturation-style provers based on the given clause algorithm with reinforcement learning. We contribute usage examples with two different provers: Vampire and iProver. We also have decoupled the proof state representation from reinforcement learning per se and provided examples of using a known Python code embedding model as a first-order logic representation. In addition, we demonstrate how environment wrappers can transform a prover into a problem similar to a multi-armed bandit. We applied two reinforcement learning algorithms (Thompson sampling and Proximal policy optimisation) implemented in Ray RLlib to show the ease of experimentation with the new release of our package.
A Linear Perspective on Cut-Elimination for Non-wellfounded Sequent Calculi with Least and Greatest Fixed-Points
Authors: Saurin Alexis 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper establishes cut-elimination for $$\mathsf {\mu LL^\infty }$$, $$\mathsf {\mu LK^\infty }$$ and $$\mathsf {\mu LJ^\infty }$$, that are non-wellfounded sequent calculi with least and greatest fixed-points, by expanding on prior works by Santocanale and Fortier [20] as well as Baelde et al. [3, 4]. The paper studies a fixed-point encoding of $$\textsf{LL}$$ exponentials in order to deduce those cut-elimination results from that of $$\mathsf {\mu MALL^\infty }$$. Cut-elimination for $$\mathsf {\mu LK^\infty }$$ and $$\mathsf {\mu LJ^\infty }$$ is obtained by developing appropriate linear decorations for those logics.
Proof Systems for the Modal $$\mu $$-Calculus Obtained by Determinizing Automata
Authors: Dekker Maurice , Kloibhofer Johannes , Marti Johannes , Venema Yde 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAutomata operating on infinite objects feature prominently in the theory of the modal $$\mu $$-calculus. One such application concerns the tableau games introduced by Niwiński & Walukiewicz, of which the winning condition for infinite plays can be naturally checked by a nondeterministic parity stream automaton. Inspired by work of Jungteerapanich and Stirling we show how determinization constructions of this automaton may be used to directly obtain proof systems for the $$\mu $$-calculus. More concretely, we introduce a binary tree construction for determinizing nondeterministic parity stream automata. Using this construction we define the annotated cyclic proof system $$\textsf{BT}$$, where formulas are annotated by tuples of binary strings. Soundness and Completeness of this system follow almost immediately from the correctness of the determinization method.
On Intuitionistic Diamonds (and Lack Thereof)
Authors: Das Anupam , Marin Sonia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA variety of intuitionistic versions of modal logic $$ K $$ have been proposed in the literature. An apparent misconception is that all these logics coincide on their $$\Box $$-only (or $$\Diamond $$-free) fragment, suggesting some robustness of ‘$$\Box $$-only intuitionistic modal logic’. However in this work we show that this is not true, by consideration of negative translations from classical modal logic: Fischer Servi’s $$ IK $$ proves strictly more $$\Diamond $$-free theorems than Fitch’s $$ CK $$, and indeed $$i K $$, the minimal $$\Box $$-normal intuitionistic modal logic.On the other hand we show that the smallest extension of $$i K $$ by a normal $$\Diamond $$ is in fact conservative over $$i K $$ (over $$\Diamond $$-free formulas). To this end, we develop a novel proof calculus based on nested sequents for intuitionistic propositional logic due to Fitting. Along the way we establish a number of new metalogical results.
Testing the Satisfiability of Formulas in Separation Logic with Permissions
Authors: Peltier Nicolas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe investigate the satisfiability problem for a fragment of Separation Logic (SL) with inductively defined spatial predicates and permissions. We show that the problem is undecidable in general, but decidable under some restrictions on the rules defining the semantics of the spatial predicates. Furthermore, if the satisfiability of permission formulas can be tested in exponential time for the considered permission model then SL satisfiability isExptimecomplete.
Non-distributive Description Logic
Authors: van der Berg Ineke , De Domenico Andrea , Greco Giuseppe , Manoorkar Krishna B. , Palmigiano Alessandra , Panettiere Mattia 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We define LE-$$\mathcal {ALC}$$, a generalization of the description logic $$\mathcal {ALC}$$ based on the propositional logic of general (i.e. not necessarily distributive) lattices, and semantically interpreted on relational structures based on formal contexts from Formal Concept Analysis (FCA). The description logic LE-$$\mathcal {ALC}$$ allows us to formally describe databases with objects, features, and formal concepts, represented according to FCA as Galois-stable sets of objects and features. We describe ABoxes and TBoxes in LE-$$\mathcal {ALC}$$, provide a tableaux algorithm for checking the consistency of LE-$$\mathcal {ALC}$$ knowledge bases with acyclic TBoxes, and show its termination, soundness and completeness. Interestingly, consistency checking for LE-$$\mathcal {ALC}$$ with acyclic TBoxes is in PTIME, while the complexity of the consistency checking of classical $$\mathcal {ALC}$$ with acyclic TBoxes is PSPACE-complete.
Torsion in cohomology and dimensional reduction
Authors: Casas Gonzalo F. , Marchesano Fernando , Zatti Matteo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Conventional wisdom dictates that ℤN factors in the integral cohomology group Hp(Xn, ℤ) of a compact manifold Xn cannot be computed via smooth p-forms. We revisit this lore in light of the dimensional reduction of string theory on Xn, endowed with a G-structure metric that leads to a supersymmetric EFT. If massive p-form eigenmodes of the Laplacian enter the EFT, then torsion cycles coupling to them will have a non-trivial smeared delta form, that is an EFT long-wavelength description of p-form currents of the (n − p)-cycles of Xn. We conjecture that, whenever torsion cycles are calibrated, their linking number can be computed via their smeared delta forms. From the EFT viewpoint, a torsion factor in cohomology corresponds to a ℤN gauge symmetry realised by a Stückelberg-like action, and calibrated torsion cycles to BPS objects that source the massive fields involved in it.
Enhancing productivity and efficiency in conventional laser metal deposition process for Inconel 718 – Part II: advancing the process performance
Authors: Maffia Simone , Chiappini Federico , Maggiani Gianluca , Furlan Valentina , Guerrini Massimo , Previtali Barbara 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper is the second part of a work focused on optimizing the performance of conventional Laser Metal Deposition (C-LMD) process for Inconel 718 (IN718). In Part I, through an extensive experimental campaign on single tracks, the interplay between process parameters and their impact on the deposition rate, powder catchment efficiency, and clad geometry is examined. The parameters investigated include laser power, scan speed, powder feed rate, and standoff distance. By systematically adjusting these parameters, the aim is to identify optimal conditions that maximize productivity while maintaining a favorable clad shape for multi-pass multi-layer depositions. Part II starts from the findings and results of Part I by continuing the optimization on thick wall structures. These are utilized to assess the effect of 3D geometrical process parameters, specifically hatch spacing and Z-step, on process performance and stability. Based on the findings, further optimization procedure is presented, pushing the boundaries of the C-LMD process for IN718. By fine-tuning the process parameters, the capability of the C-LMD process to deposit fully dense IN718 with a productivity of 1500 g/h and a powder catchment efficiency of 70% is demonstrated. These results highlight the potential of C-LMD as a viable manufacturing technique for efficiently fabricating large components. Overall, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the relationship between process parameters and performance in C-LMD for IN718. The insights gained from this research can guide the development of efficient and cost-effective LMD strategies, facilitating the practical implementation of this process in various industries.
Integrating experimental modeling techniques with the Pareto search algorithm for multiobjective optimization in the WEDM of Inconel 718
Authors: Hewidy Mahmoud , Salem Osama 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInconel 718 is a superalloy with a high nickel content that is widely used in applications requiring solid mechanical behavior and resistance to oxidation and corrosion at high temperatures. This alloy has numerous applications in manufacturing steam turbine and jet aircraft interiors, aviation sector manifolds, and rotary spindles. It can be classified as a difficult-to-cut material unsuitable for traditional machining. The purpose of this paper is to develop prediction models for a wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) process using response surface methodology (RSM), artificial neural networks (ANN), and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) and to determine which model is better at making accurate predictions. Pulse_ontime, pulse_offtime, servo voltage, flushing pressure, and wire feed were considered the main factors affecting volumetric material removal rate (VMRR) and arithmetic surface roughness (Ra), which were evaluated as WEDM performance characteristics. I-optimal design made with a computer algorithm was employed to develop experimental models. The results reveal that the wire feed and pulse_ontime were the most vital factors influencing VMRR, respectively, and the most significant factor influencing Ra is the pulse_ontime. The total percentage error of the three models demonstrated that the ANN and ANFIS models are more reliable and accurate than the RSM mathematical model. Finally, multiobjective optimization using the Pareto search algorithm was used to optimize mathematical, ANN, and ANFIS models to determine the optimum WEDM process parameters for machining Inconel 718 superalloy.
Analysis of the single reference coupled cluster method for electronic structure calculations: the full-coupled cluster equations
Authors: Hassan Muhammad , Maday Yvon , Wang Yipeng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe central problem in electronic structure theory is the computation of the eigenvalues of the electronic Hamiltonian—a semi-unbounded, self-adjoint operator acting on an $$L^2$$

L
2

-type Hilbert space of antisymmetric functions. Coupled cluster (CC) methods, which are based on a non-linear parameterisation of the sought-after eigenfunction and result in non-linear systems of equations, are the method of choice for high-accuracy quantum chemical simulations. The existing numerical analysis of coupled cluster methods relies on a local, strong monotonicity property of the CC function that is valid only in a perturbative regime, i.e., when the sought-after ground state CC solution is sufficiently close to zero. In this article, we introduce a new well-posedness analysis for the single reference coupled cluster method based on the invertibility of the CC derivative. Under the minimal assumption that the sought-after eigenfunction is intermediately normalisable and the associated eigenvalue is isolated and non-degenerate, we prove that the continuous (infinite-dimensional) CC equations are always locally well-posed. Under the same minimal assumptions and provided that the discretisation is fine enough, we prove that the discrete Full-CC equations are locally well-posed, and we derive residual-based error estimates with guaranteed positive constants. Preliminary numerical experiments indicate that the constants that appear in our estimates are a significant improvement over those obtained from the local monotonicity approach.
Feeding Jejunostomy Tube in Patients Undergoing Esophagectomy: Utilization and Outcomes in a Nationwide Cohort
Authors: Turner Kevin M. , Delman Aaron M. , Griffith Azante , Wima Koffi , Patel Sameer H. , Wilson Gregory C. , Shah Shimul A. , Van Haren Robert M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundFeeding jejunostomy (JT) tubes are often utilized as an adjunct to optimize nutrition for successful esophagectomy; however, their utility has come into question. The aim of this study was to evaluate utilization and outcomes associated with JTs in a nationwide cohort of patients undergoing esophagectomy.MethodsThe NSQIP database was queried for patients who underwent elective esophagectomy. JT utilization was assessed between 2010 and 2019. Post‐operative outcomes were compared between those with and without a JT on patients with esophagectomy‐specific outcomes (2016–2019), with results validated using a propensity score‐matched (PSM) analysis based on key clinicopathologic factors, including tumor stage.ResultsOf the 10,117 patients who underwent elective esophagectomy over the past decade, 53.0% had a JT placed concurrently and 47.0% did not. Utilization of JTs decreased over time, accounting for 60.0% of cases in 2010 compared to 41.7% in 2019 (m = − 2.14 95%CI: [− 1.49]–[− 2.80], p < 0.01). Patients who underwent JT had more composite wound complications (17.0% vs. 14.1%, p = 0.02) and a higher rate of all‐cause morbidity (40.4% vs. 35.5%, p = 0.01). Following PSM, 1007 pairs were identified. Analysis of perioperative outcomes demonstrated a higher rate of superficial skin infections (6.1% vs. 3.5%, p = 0.01) in the JT group. However, length of stay, reoperation, readmission, anastomotic leak, composite wound complications, all‐cause morbidity, and mortality rates were similar between groups.ConclusionsAmong patients undergoing elective esophagectomy, feeding jejunostomy tubes were utilized less frequently over the past decade. Similar perioperative outcomes among matched patients support the safety of esophagectomy without an adjunct feeding jejunostomy tube.
Predictive Factors for Delayed Gastric Emptying After Pancreatoduodenectomy: A Swedish National Registry‐Based Study
Authors: Zdanowski A. Hörberg , Wennerblom J. , Rystedt J. , Andersson B. , Tingstedt B. , Williamsson Caroline 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundDelayed gastric emptying (DGE) is a common complication after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD). DGE causes prolonged hospital stay and a decrease in quality of life. This study analyzes predictive factors for development of DGE after PD, also in the absence of surgical complications.MethodData from the Swedish National Pancreatic Cancer Registry for patients undergoing standard and pylorus preserving open PD from January 2010 until June 30, 2018, were collected. Data were analyzed in two groups, no DGE and DGE. A subgroup of patients with DGE but without surgical complications was compared to patients without DGE or any other surgical complication.ResultsIn total, 2503 patients were included, of which 470 (19%) had DGE. In the DGE group, 238 had other coexisting surgical complications and 232 had not. Postoperative pancreatic fistula (OR = 4.22, p < 0.001), surgical infection (OR = 1.44, p = 0.013), heart disease (OR = 1.32, p = 0.023) and medical complications (OR = 1.35, p = 0.025) increased the risk for DGE. A standard PD compared with pylorus preserving resection (OR = 1.69, p = 0.001) and a reconstruction with a pancreaticojejunostomy compared with a pancreaticogastrostomy (OR = 1.83, p < 0.001) increased the risk. For patients without surgical complications, a standard PD and reconstruction with pancreaticojejunostomy still increased the risk for DGE.ConclusionDGE is more common after standard PD compared to pylorus preserving PD and after reconstruction with PJ compared to PG in this national cohort, both in the presence of other surgical complications as well as in the absence of other complications.
Hepatic Arteriography and C-Arm CT-Guided Ablation (HepACAGA) to Improve Tumor Visualization, Navigation and Margin Confirmation in Percutaneous Liver Tumor Ablation
Authors: Smits Maarten L. J. , Bruijnen Rutger C. G. , Tetteroo Philip , Vonken Evert-jan P. A. , Meijerink Martijn R. , Hagendoorn Jeroen , de Bruijne Joep , Prevoo Warner 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
We present a technique that combines Hepatic Arteriography with C-arm CT-Guided Ablation (HepACAGA) to improve tumor visualization, navigation and margin confirmation for percutaneous ablation of liver tumors.

Materials and Methods
All consecutive patients scheduled for HepACAGA between April 20th, 2021, and November 2nd, 2021, were included in this retrospective, cohort study. HepACAGA was performed in an angiography-suite under general anesthesia. The hepatic artery was catheterized for selective contrast injection. C-arm CT and guidance software were then used to visualize the tumor and the microwave antenna was inserted during apnea. Pre- and post-ablation C-arm CTs were performed and ablation margins assessed. Technical success, antenna placement deviation, number of repositions, tumor recurrence, and safety were evaluated. Technical success was defined as a tumor that was ablated according to the HepACAGA technique.

Results
A total of 21 patients (28 tumors) were included. The main tumor type was colorectal cancer liver metastases (11/21, 52%), followed by hepatocellular carcinoma (7/21, 33%), neuroendocrine tumor metastases (1/21, 5%), and other tumor types (2/21, 10%). The technical success rate was 93% (26/28 tumors) with two small hypovascular lesions unable to be identified. A single microwave antenna was used in all patients. The median antenna placement deviation was 1 mm (range 0–6 mm). At a median follow-up time of 16 months (range 5–22 months), there was no tumor recurrence in any patient. Safety analysis showed a complication rate of 5% grade 2 and 5% grade 3.

Conclusion
HepACAGA was demonstrated to be a safe and effective percutaneous ablation technique, without any local tumor recurrence in this study.

Graphic Abstract
Block-pulse integrodifference equations
Authors: Gilbertson Nora M. , Kot Mark 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe present a hybrid method for calculating the equilibrium population-distributions of integrodifference equations (IDEs) with strictly increasing growth, for populations that are confined to a finite habitat-patch. This method is based on approximating the growth function of the IDE with a piecewise-constant function, and we call the resulting model a block-pulse IDE. We explicitly write out analytic expressions for the iterates and equilibria of the block-pulse IDEs as sums of cumulative distribution functions. We characterize the dynamics of one-, two-, and three-step block-pulse IDEs, including formal stability analyses, and we explore the bifurcation structure of these models. These simple models display rich dynamics, with numerous fold bifurcations. We then use three-, five-, and ten-step block-pulse IDEs, with a numerical root finder, to approximate models with compensatory Beverton–Holt growth and depensatory, or Allee-effect, growth. Our method provides a good approximation for the equilibrium distributions for compensatory and depensatory growth and offers numerical and analytical advantages over the original growth models.
An engineered glove to follow finger function in rheumatoid arthritis: an observational prospective study
Authors: Sulli A. , Clini P. , Bruzzone G. , Signori A. , Vojinovic T. , Paolino S. , Gotelli E. , Hysa E. , Smith V. , Cutolo M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe engineered Hand Test System (HTS) glove has shown high reliability in assessing the baseline functional status of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) hand. Starting from this achievement, the aim of the present observational prospective study was to assess the functionality of the single fingers of rheumatoid hand at follow-up. Eighty RA patients performed HTS glove tests at baseline and among these fifty-six patients were re-tested after 7 months. The HTS glove parameters [Touch Duration (TD), Movement Rate (MR), Inter Tapping Interval (ITI)] were correlated with disease activity and disability clinimetric indexes [Disease Activity Score 28 joint count—C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP), Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI), Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI), Health Assessment Questionnaire—Disability Index (HAQ-DI), grip strength, visual analogue scale of pain (VAS), patient global assessment (PGA)], and with laboratory values. HTS glove parameters (TD, ITI, and MR) showed statistically significant correlations with clinimetric and clinical indexes at both time points (p < 0.05). During follow-up, a statistically significant variation of all HTS glove parameters for the fingers that have performed both the worst or best HTS test at baseline was detected (p < 0.05), while the mean HTS glove parameter values by considering all fingers did not show a statistically significant variation over time, as well as the traditional clinimetric indexes. Besides the objective role in assessing the RA hand function by integrating the traditional clinimetric indexes, the HTS glove seems a useful tool for evaluating worst or best finger function during time by measuring the movement speed.