bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The human microbiome and gut–liver axis in people living with HIV
Authors: Duarte Maria J. , Tien Phyllis C. , Somsouk Ma , Price Jennifer C. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Chronic liver disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality amongst people living with HIV (PLWH). Emerging data suggests that gut microbial translocation may play a role in driving and modulating liver disease, a bi-directional relationship termed the gut–liver axis. While it is recognized that PLWH have a high degree of dysbiosis and gut microbial translocation, little is known about the gut–liver axis in PLWH.

Recent Findings
Recent studies have shown that microbial translocation can directly lead to hepatic inflammation, and have linked gut microbial signatures, dysbiosis, and translocation to liver disease in PLWH. Additionally, multiple trials have explored interventions targeting the microbiome in PLWH.

Summary
Emerging research supports the interaction between the gut microbiome and liver disease in PLWH. This offers new opportunities to expand our understanding of the pathophysiology of liver disease in this population, as well as to explore possible clinical interventions.
Supraorbital Nerve Stimulation for Facial Pain
Authors: Elkholy Mohamed Amgad Elsayed , Abd-Elsayed Alaa , Raslan Ahmed M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Chronic facial pain is considered one of the conditions that affect quality of daily life of patients significantly and makes them seek medical help. Intractable facial pain with failed trials of medical treatment and other pain management therapies presents a challenge for neurologists, pain specialists, and neurosurgeons. We describe the possibility of proposing peripheral nerve stimulation of the supraorbital nerves to treat patients with medically intractable facial pain. Stimulation of the supraorbital nerves is performed using percutaneously inserted electrodes that are positioned in the epi-fascial plane, traversing the course of the supraorbital nerves. The procedure has two phases starting with a trial by temporary electrodes that are inserted under fluoroscopic guidance and are anchored to the skin. This trial usually lasts for a few days to 2 weeks. If successful, we proceed to the insertion of a permanent electrode that is tunneled under the skin behind the ear toward the infraclavicular region in which we make a pocket for the implantable pulse generator.

Recent Findings
This procedure has been used in multiple patients with promising results which was published in literature. Literature shows that it provides relief of medically intractable pain, without the need for destructive procedures or more central modulation approaches with a preferable safety profile compared to other invasive procedures.

Summary
Supraorbital nerve stimulation is now considered a valid modality of treatment for patients with medically intractable facial pain and can be offered as a reliable alternative for the patients while discussing the proper plan of management.
Salvigenin Suppresses Hepatocellular Carcinoma Glycolysis and Chemoresistance Through Inactivating the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β Pathway
Authors: Shao Hui , Chen Jingyan , Li Ali , Ma Lili , Tang Yongzhi , Chen Huazhong , Chen Yongping , Liu Junyan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSalvigenin is a Trimethoxylated Flavone enriched in Scutellariae Barbatae Herba and Scutellariae Radix and is demonstrated to have anti-tumor properties in colon cancer. Notwithstanding, the function and mechanism of Salvigenin in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are less well studied. Different doses of Salvigenin were taken to treat HCC cells. Cell viability, colony formation ability, cell migration, invasion, apoptosis, glucose uptake, and lactate production levels were detected. As shown by the data, Salvigenin concentration dependently dampened HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, weakened glycolysis by abating glucose uptake and lactate generation, and suppressed the profiles of glycolytic enzymes. Moreover, Salvigenin strengthened HCC cells’ sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and attenuated HCC 5-FU-resistant cells’ resistance to 5-FU. Through network pharmacological analysis, we found Salvigenin potentially regulates PI3K/AKT pathway. As shown by the data, Salvigenin repressed the phosphorylated levels of PI3K, AKT, and GSK-3β. The PI3K activator 740Y-P induced PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway activation and promotive effects in HCC cells. However, Salvigenin substantially weakened 740Y-P-mediated effects. In-vivo assay revealed that Salvigenin hampered the growth and promoted apoptosis of HCC cells in nude mice. Collectively, Salvigenin impedes the aerobic glycolysis and 5-FU chemoresistance of HCC cells by dampening the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway.
Evaluation of Endothelial Progenitor Cell Characteristics as Clinical Biomarkers for Elderly Patients with Ischaemic Stroke
Authors: Rakkar Kamini , Othman Othman Ahmad , Sprigg Nikola , Bath Philip M. , Bayraktutan Ulvi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Ageing impairs endothelial function and predisposes the person to ischaemic stroke (IS). Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) repair endothelial damage and induce post-ischaemic neovascularisation. Given the prevalence of IS in older population, this study explored whether changes in EPC number and function may reliably predict the type or outcome of stroke in patients ≥ 65 years of age. For this, blood samples were collected once from healthy volunteers (HVs, n = 40) and four times (admission and days 7, 30 and 90 post-stroke) from participants with lacunar (n = 38) or cortical (n = 43) stroke. EPCs were counted with flow cytometry and defined as non-haematopoietic cells (CD45-) expressing markers for stemness (CD34 +), immaturity (CD133 +) and endothelial maturity (KDR +). Clonogenesis, tubulogenesis, migration and proliferation assays were performed as measures of EPC functionality. Biochemical profile of plasma inflammatory and angiogenic agents were studied using specific ELISAs. Primary outcome was disability or dependence on day 90 post-stroke, assessed by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Compared to HVs, EPC numbers were higher in stroke patients at all time points studied, reaching significance at baseline and day 30. No differences in EPC counts and functionality were observed between lacunar and cortical stroke groups at any time. Plasma endostatin, PDGF-BB, TNF-α and VEGF levels were higher in stroke patients vs HVs. Patient outcome, evaluated by mRS on day 90 post-stroke, did not correlate with EPC count or functionality. Baseline EPC counts may serve as a diagnostic marker for stroke but fail to distinguish between different stroke subtypes and predict post-stroke outcome.
Graphical Abstract
SEOM-GEIS clinical guideline for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (2022)
Authors: Serrano César , Álvarez Rosa , Carrasco Juan Antonio , Marquina Gloria , Martínez-García Jerónimo , Martínez-Marín Virginia , Sala María Ángeles , Sebio Ana , Sevilla Isabel , Martín-Broto Javier 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal origin, and a paradigmatic model for a successful rational development of targeted therapies in cancer. The introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors with activity against KIT/PDGFRA in both localized and advanced stages has remarkably improved the survival in a disease formerly deemed resistant to all systemic therapies. These guidelines are elaborated by the conjoint effort of the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM) and the Spanish Sarcoma Research Group (GEIS) and provide a multidisciplinary and updated consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of GIST patients. We strongly encourage that the managing of these patients should be performed within multidisciplinary teams in reference centers.
Gender Stereotypes and Sexualization in Italian Children’s Television Advertisements
Authors: Valtorta Roberta Rosa , Baldissarri Cristina , Raguso Giuseppe , D’Ecclesiis Giulia , Volpato Chiara 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to examine gender stereotypes and sexualization in Italian television advertisements aimed at children. For this purpose, content analysis method was used to analyze 185 commercials broadcast from 6 pm to 8:30 pm over the three Italian television channels dedicated to children which attract the largest audience share. In order to allow comparison with previous research on gender stereotyping, two raters coded a series of variables common to similar investigations (i.e., verbs used in the ads, voice-over, voice-over message, setting, pace of the ads, activities performed by the main characters). Results indicate that gender stereotypes are still prevalent in Italian children’s television commercials. Furthermore, although the level of sexualization of children is low, we found that girls tend to be more sexualized than boys, especially in terms of “adultification.” Our findings provide an updated picture of children’s advertising in Italy by also expanding the literature on gender role stereotyping and sexualization in television commercials.
On the Direct and Indirect Effects of ICT on SMEs Export Performance: Evidence from Colombian Manufacturing
Authors: Gomez-Sanchez Andres Mauricio , Máñez Castillejo Juan A. , Sanchis-Llopis Juan Alberto 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe objective of this research is to investigate the effect of ICT on the performance of Colombian manufacturing SMEs in export markets. In doing so, we explore the direct effect of ICT on exports and propose a new indirect effect that operates through imports: purchasing foreign intermediates incentivise ICT use, and ICT experience on imports exerts a positive impact on exports. To perform our empirical analysis, we estimate a dynamic generalised linear model (GLM) that accounts for the fact that export intensity is a proportion and corrects for sample selection. The dataset we use is the result of merging three databases: the Annual Manufacturing Survey (EAM); the Innovation and Technological Development Survey (EDIT), and the Annual ICT Manufacturing Survey (EAM-TIC), published by the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) in six waves since 2013 to 2018. Our main results uncover that the impacts of different ICT components on export intensity are always positive (direct effect). Further, there is also evidence that previous experience in ICT use on import activity affects the firm’s current export performance (indirect effect). Other results show persistence in export performance or self-selection to continue exporting, among others.
Factors affecting casing equivalent stress in multi-cluster fracturing of horizontal shale gas wells: finite element study on Weirong Block, southern Sichuan Basin, China
Authors: Yang Zhao , Sun Rui 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMulti-cluster fracturing technology was often used in horizontal well reservoir reconstruction to achieve production increase, which also affected casing equivalent stress distribution. This paper focuses on multi-cluster fracturing and establishes a fracturing model in line with the reality. The three-dimensional finite element model of multi-cluster fracture-formation-cement sheath-casing was proposed, the influence of cluster spacing and fracturing cluster number on casing equivalent stress was studied. On this basis, a single segment 8-cluster three-dimensional finite element model was developed. The influence of rock elastic modulus, casing inner wall pressure, geostress change and elastic modulus of cement sheath on casing equivalent stress was simulated from two aspects of uniform and non-uniform extrusion of wellbore. Actual data was used and analyzed for the fracturing section of a well in Weirong Block, southern Sichuan Basin, China. The results showed that the casing equivalent stress decreased with the increase of fracture dip angle. The casing equivalent stress increased with the increase of cluster spacing; however, it decreased with the increase of rock elastic modulus. The casing equivalent stress increased with the increase of casing wall pressure. Also, the cracks extrude the casing evenly did not affect the change on casing equivalent stress. It was also found that, when casing was uniformly squeezed by multiple fractures, the difference of ground stress had little effect on casing equivalent stress, while non-uniform extrusion had greater effect on casing equivalent stress. Further, when there was no wellhead pumping pressure, the casing equivalent stress increased with the increase of the elastic modulus of the cement sheath, and decreased on the contrary. The elastic modulus of rock was lower than that of cement sheath, and the casing equivalent stress increased with the increase of the elastic modulus of cement sheath, and decreased on the contrary. The research results had certain guiding significance for the prevention and control of casing damage in fracturing section.
Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithm-Based Enhancement of Photovoltaic Energy System Performance
Authors: Nasr Rowan , Abou-Zalam Belal , Nabil Essam 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPhotovoltaic panels (PVs) are solar panels that turn sunlight into electricity. Tracking the maximum power point (MPP) of PVs is especially important for economic issues. The most popular maximum power point tracking techniques are perturb and observation, hill climbing, constant voltage, parasitic capacitance, and incremental conductance (INC). However, these techniques give oscillated results about the MPP that causes low accuracy, especially in partial shading conditions. This paper is discussing the enhancement of photovoltaic energy system performance using several metaheuristic optimization algorithms. Using MATLAB SIMULINK, a comparative analysis of several algorithms for tracking MPP of PV systems under partially shadowed conditions was conducted. The metaheuristic optimization algorithms that are used in this paper are particle swarm optimization (PSO), cuckoo search algorithm (CSA), grey wolf optimization (GWO), and whale optimization algorithm (WOA). The results show that using WOA and GWO achieved the best efficiency in tracking MPP, whereas, using PSO and CSA achieved lower efficiency in tracking MPP. The MPP of the PV system was not tracked by INC under the partial shaded conditions.
Evaluation and Management of Carpal Instability
Authors: Wei Ryan , Gardner James E. , Schaaf Stephen , Hill J. Bradford , Bailowitz Zachary 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This paper sets out to review the past and current literature on the evaluation and management of the various types of carpal instability.

Recent Findings
Carpal instability has many sub-types, and therefore, its evaluation and management widely differ. There are recent studies that indicate that while MRI and MR arthrography are the mainstays for evaluation, certain CT and radiographic measurements may be better at diagnosing scapholunate ligament tears. In addition, recent research has proposed multiple sonographic protocols in the evaluation of carpal ligament pathology. However, the comparison of ultrasound to other imaging modalities is limited. The research for operative and non-operative management of carpal instability is limited and often guided by expert opinion. To date, no studies exist on the use of novel injection techniques to treat carpal instability.

Summary
Evaluation of carpal instability is evolving, and ultrasound may play an increased role. Evidence regarding non-operative management of carpal instability is limited.
The Eccentric:Concentric Strength Ratio of Human Skeletal Muscle In Vivo: Meta-analysis of the Influences of Sex, Age, Joint Action, and Velocity
Authors: Nuzzo James L. , Pinto Matheus D. , Nosaka Kazunori , Steele James 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFor decades, researchers have observed that eccentric (ECC) muscle strength is greater than concentric (CON) muscle strength. However, knowledge of the ECC:CON strength ratio is incomplete and might inform resistance exercise prescriptions. Our purposes were to determine the magnitude of the ECC:CON ratio of human skeletal muscle in vivo and explore if sex, age, joint actions/exercises, and movement velocity impact it. A total of 340 studies were identified through searches. It was possible to analyse 1516 ECC:CON ratios, aggregated from 12,546 individuals who made up 564 groups in 335 of the identified studies. Approximately 98% of measurements occurred on isokinetic machines. Bayesian meta-analyses were performed using log-ratios as response variables then exponentiated back to raw ratios. The overall main model estimate for the ECC:CON ratio was 1.41 (95% credible interval [CI] 1.38–1.44). The ECC:CON ratio was slightly less in men (1.38 [CI 1.34–1.41]) than women (1.47 [CI 1.43–1.51]), and greater in older adults (1.62 [CI 1.57–1.68]) than younger adults (1.39 [CI 1.36–1.42]). The ratio was similar between grouped upper-body (1.42 [CI 1.38–1.46]) and lower-body joint actions/exercises (1.40 [CI 1.37–1.44]). However, heterogeneity in the ratio existed across joint actions/exercises, with point estimates ranging from 1.32 to 2.61. The ECC:CON ratio was most greatly impacted by movement velocity, with a 0.20% increase in the ratio for every 1°/s increase in velocity. The results show that ECC muscle strength is ~ 40% greater than CON muscle strength. However, the ECC:CON ratio is greatly affected by movement velocity and to lesser extents age and sex. Differences between joint actions/exercises likely exist, but more data are needed to provide more precise estimates.
An investigation of forces on a representative surface in a pulp flow through rotating and non-rotating grooves
Authors: Jouybari Nima Fallah , Engberg Birgitta , Persson Johan , Berg Jan-Erik , Lundström T. Staffan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSoftwood pulp flow in rotating and non-rotating grooves is numerically simulated in the present study to investigate the fluid flow and the forces acting on a representative surface mounted in the groove. The viscosity of softwood pulp with various consistencies is available from the measurements reported in the literature providing the opportunity to examine the effects of fiber consistency on the velocity and pressure distribution within the groove. The simulations are carried out in OpenFOAM for different values of gap thickness, angular velocity and radial positions from which the pressure coefficient and shear forces values are obtained. It is found that the shear forces within the gap increase linearly with the angular velocity for all fiber consistencies investigated and in both grooves. Also, this behavior can be successfully predicted by modeling the gap flow as a Couette flow in a two-dimensional channel. Meanwhile, a more detailed analysis of the flow kinetic energy close to the stagnation point using Bernoulli’s principle is carried out to provide a better understanding of the pressure coefficient variation with angular velocity in the non-rotating groove. A comparison of pressure coefficients obtained numerically with those calculated by considering the compression effects revealed that the comparison effects are dominating in the pulp flow within the groove.
Informing Conceptual Issues Related to Autistic Children’s Right to Education Through a Literature Review of Their Lived Experience
Authors: Ducarre Lucie Margot 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper aims at reviewing autistic children’s lived educational experience to inform ongoing legal and conceptual debates about their right to education. The results showed that autistic children display a great diversity of educational needs and preferences, which should be met with personalized solutions respectful of their individual and collective identity. Mainstream inclusion, while sometimes positive, also appeared at times to hinder the delivery of a quality and inclusive education, if nothing else due to sensory issues and overwhelming anxiety. This underlines the necessity to adopt a more neurodiverse interpretation of the notions of quality and inclusive education, in order to preserve and develop diverse and proper educational offers for each and every autistic child.
A complete MAP kinase cascade controls hyphopodium formation and virulence of Verticillium dahliae
Authors: Ye Ziqin , Qin Jun , Wang Yu , Zhang Jinghan , Wu Xiaoyun , Li Xiangguo , Sun Lifan , Zhang Jie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPhytopathogens develop specialized infection-related structures to penetrate plant cells during infection. Different from phytopathogens that form appressoria or haustoria, the soil-borne root-infecting fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae forms hyphopodia during infection, which further differentiate into penetration pegs to promote infection. The molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of hyphopodium formation in V. dahliae remain poorly characterized. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are highly conserved cytoplasmic kinases that regulate diverse biological processes in eukaryotes. Here we found that deletion of VdKss1, out of the five MAPKs encoded by V. dahliae, significantly impaired V. dahliae hyphopodium formation, in vitro penetration, and pathogenicity in cotton plants. Constitutive activation of MAPK kinase (MAPKK) VdSte7 and MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKKK) VdSte11 specifically activate VdKss1. Deletion of VdSte7 or VdSte11 resulted in a phenotype similar to that of the mutant with VdKss1 deletion. Thus, this study demonstrates that VdSte11-VdSte7-VdKss1 is a core MAPK cascade that regulates hyphopodium formation and pathogenicity in V. dahliae.
Effect of the conversion of the plastic deformation work to heat on the behaviour of TWIP steels: a review
Authors: Jabłońska M. B. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The study discusses the subject of a temperature change of TWIP steels during their deformation as a result of a conversion of the plastic deformation work into heat, based on a literature review and the authors' own research. The methods of measuring or modelling the changes of these temperatures are presented. It also points out that the heat generated during plastic deformation of TWIP steels has higher values than in the case of conventional steels, due to their higher yield stresses and limit strains. The heat has a very important effect on the microstructure of the deformed material and thus also on its properties. Its high increase can lead to e.g. a change of the deformation mechanism from twinning to dislocation glide, which is also connected with worse workability and thus also the energy consumption of the bodywork elements. On the basis of the selected literature works, the study determines the possible microstructural changes of TWIP steels related to the generated heat and demonstrates that materials with similar chemical compositions can behave differently at high deformation rates.