bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interferon-γ drives macrophage reprogramming, cerebrovascular remodelling, and cognitive dysfunction in a zebrafish and a mouse model of ion imbalance and pressure overload
Authors: Apaydin Dilem C , Zakarauskas-Seth Bhakti I , Carnevale Lorenzo , Apaydin Onur , Perrotta Marialuisa , Carnevale Raimondo , Kotini Maria P , Kotlar-Goldaper Ilan , Belting Heinz-Georg , Carnevale Daniela , Filosa Alessandro , Sawamiphak Suphansa 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Aims
Dysregulated immune response contributes to inefficiency of treatment strategies to control hypertension and reduce the risk of end-organ damage. Uncovering the immune pathways driving the transition from the onset of hypertensive stimulus to the manifestation of multi-organ dysfunction are much-needed insights for immune targeted therapy.

Methods and results
To aid visualization of cellular events orchestrating multi-organ pathogenesis, we modelled hypertensive cardiovascular remodelling in zebrafish. Zebrafish larvae exposed to ion-poor environment exhibited rapid angiotensinogen up-regulation, followed by manifestation of arterial hypertension and cardiac remodelling that recapitulates key characteristics of incipient heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. In the brain, time-lapse imaging revealed the occurrence of cerebrovascular regression through endothelial retraction and migration in response to the ion-poor treatment. This phenomenon is associated with macrophage/microglia-endothelial contacts and endothelial junctional retraction. Cytokine and transcriptomic profiling identified systemic up-regulation of interferon-γ and interleukin 1β and revealed altered macrophage/microglia transcriptional programme characterized by suppression of innate immunity and vasculo/neuroprotective gene expression. Both zebrafish and a murine model of pressure overload-induced brain damage demonstrated that the brain pathology and macrophage/microglia phenotypic alteration are dependent on interferon-γ signalling. In zebrafish, interferon-γ receptor 1 mutation prevents cerebrovascular remodelling and dysregulation of macrophage/microglia transcriptomic profile. Supplementation of bone morphogenetic protein 5 identified from the transcriptomic approach as a down-regulated gene in ion-poor-treated macrophages/microglia that is rescued by interferon-γ blockage, mitigated cerebral microvessel loss. In mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction-induced pressure overload, typically developing cerebrovascular injury, neuroinflammation, and cognitive dysfunction, interferon-γ neutralization protected them from blood–brain barrier disruption, cerebrovascular rarefaction, and cognitive decline.

Conclusions
These findings uncover cellular and molecular players of an immune pathway communicating hypertensive stimulus to structural and functional remodelling of the brain and identify anti-interferon-γ treatment as a promising intervention strategy capable of preventing pressure overload-induced damage of the cerebrovascular and nervous systems.
Primary prevention of acute cardiovascular events by influenza vaccination: an observational study
Authors: Davidson Jennifer A , Banerjee Amitava , Douglas Ian , Leyrat Clémence , Pebody Richard , McDonald Helen I , Herrett Emily , Forbes Harriet , Smeeth Liam , Warren-Gash Charlotte 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Aims
Previous studies show a reduced incidence of first myocardial infarction and stroke 1–3 months after influenza vaccination, but it is unclear how underlying cardiovascular risk impacts the association.

Methods and results
The study used linked Clinical Practice Research Datalink, Hospital Episode Statistics Admitted Patient Care and Office for National Statistics mortality data from England between 1 September 2008 and 31 August 2019. From the data, individuals aged 40–84 years with a first acute cardiovascular event and influenza vaccination occurring within 12 months of each September were selected. Using a self-controlled case series analysis, season-adjusted cardiovascular risk stratified incidence ratios (IRs) for cardiovascular events after vaccination compared with baseline time before and &gt;120 days after vaccination were generated. 193 900 individuals with a first acute cardiovascular event and influenza vaccine were included. 105 539 had hypertension and 172 050 had a QRISK2 score ≥10%. In main analysis, acute cardiovascular event risk was reduced in the 15–28 days after vaccination [IR 0.72 (95% CI 0.70–0.74)] and, while the effect size tapered, remained reduced to 91–120 days after vaccination [0.83 (0.81–0.88)]. Reduced cardiovascular events were seen after vaccination among individuals of all age groups and with raised and low cardiovascular risk.

Conclusions
Influenza vaccine may offer cardiovascular benefit among individuals at varying cardiovascular risk. Further studies are needed to characterize the populations who could derive the most cardiovascular benefits from vaccination.
SYSTEM SPECIFIC AGING SCORES: A STATE OF THE ART AGING CLOCK BUILT USING AGING SCORES FROM DIFFERENT BODILY FUNCTIONS
Authors: Sehgal Raghav , Higgins-Chen Albert , Meer Margarita , Levine Morgan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Aging is a highly heterogeneous process at multiple levels. Different individuals, organs, tissues, and cell types are innately diverse and age in quantitatively different manners. Epigenetic clocks have been developed to capture overall degree of aging and typically report a single biological age value. However, single measures fail to provide insight into differential aging across organ systems. Our aim was to develop novel systems-specific methylation clocks, that when assessed in blood, capture distinct aging subtypes. We utilized three large human cohort studies and employed both supervised and unsupervised machine learning models by linking DNA methylation to lower dimensional vectors composed of system specific clinical chemistry and functional assays. In doing so, we were able to develop 11 unique system-specific scores–heart, lung, kidney, liver, brain, immune, inflammatory, hematopoietic, musculoskeletal, hormone, and metabolic. We observe that in independent data, the specific systems relate to meaningful outcomes–for instance the brain score is strongly associated with cognitive functioning; musculoskeletal score is strongly associated with physical functioning; and the lung score is strongly associated with lung cancer. Additionally, system scores and the composite systems clock outperforms presently available clocks in terms of associations with a wide variety of aging phenotypes and conditions. Overall, our biological systems based epigenetic clock outperforms presently available epigenetic aging clocks and provides meaningful insights into heterogeneity in aging.
THE PARADOXICAL EXPERIENCES OF INFORMAL CAREGIVERS DURING THE TRANSITION FROM HOME TO A NURSING HOME
Authors: Groenvynck Lindsay , de Boer Bram , Beaulen Audrey , De Vries Erica , Hamers Jan , van Achterberg Theo , Meijers Judith , Verbeek Hilde 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The transition from home to a nursing home is a complex and emotional process, especially for older persons with dementia. The informal caregiver usually plays a central role in this care process, which is often fragmented. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the experiences of informal caregivers of older persons with dementia during this transition.An interpretative phenomenological design was used to analyze secondary data. In-depth interviews were conducted with informal caregivers, in the Netherlands, between February 2018 and July 2018. The study identified three, interwoven paradoxes influenced by the healthcare system and the healthcare professionals providing care. The first paradox described the initial negative emotions related to a nursing home move. Those emotions are a paradox to the feelings of relief and acceptance later in the transition process. The second paradox was related to a prospective need to postpone the transition for as long as possible and a retrospective need for a timely transition plan. The third paradox defines an internal struggle for the informal caregivers of wanting to remain involved while simultaneously experiencing a need for distance from care responsibilities. This study identifies a fine line between optimal and fragmented transitional care. The results can motivate informal caregivers to start planning the move. Similarly, it allows healthcare professionals to provide tailored support. Future research should focus on defining these paradoxes and their link with the healthcare system to determine if the transition from home to a nursing home can be optimized.
PILOT STUDY OF A SELF-ADMINISTERED ADVANCE PLANNING TOOL FOR TECHNOLOGY USE WITH DEMENTIA CARE DYADS
Authors: Berridge Clara , Turner Natalie , Liu Liu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We present feasibility and preliminary efficacy findings from a novel web-app intervention to educate and facilitate dyadic communication about four categories of technologies used in dementia care and to document preferences of people living with mild AD regarding these technologies. A pre/post-test design was conducted. Eighty-eight percent of the 66 enrolled participants completed the study for a total of 29 dyads. Participants gave favorable ratings of satisfaction, helpfulness, clarity, and other usability measures. While improvements on multiple measures were of greater magnitude for care partners than for people living with dementia (PLWD), paired t-tests showed statistically significant improvement with medium and large effect sizes in PLWD (p&lt;.001) and care partners’ ( p&lt;.001) self-reported understanding of the technologies, as well as care partners’ perceptions of the PLWD’s understanding (p&lt;.01). After completing the web-app together, care partners felt significantly more prepared to make decisions about these technologies (p&lt;.01).
MECHANISMS OF DEVELOPMENT AND REGENERATION IN HYDRA
Authors: Juliano Celina , Cazet Jack , Primack Abby 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Hydra vulgaris is a small and simple aquatic animal capable of whole-body regeneration and has negligible senescence. The entire animal, including the nervous system, is composed of about 25 cell types, and can regenerate from a fragment of tissue as small as ~300 cells. In addition, all cell types are continually renewed in the uninjured adult as part of normal homeostasis; every differentiated cell type is replaced approximately every 20 days, which likely contributes to its lack of aging. The remarkable features of Hydra are enabled by three distinct populations of stem cells that support the three lineages that make up the adult Hydra – the ectodermal epithelial lineage, the endodermal epithelial lineage, and the interstitial lineage (includes the neurons). A major goal of our laboratory is to understand the gene regulatory networks that control the specification of all Hydra cell types in the uninjured (homeostatic) state and then understand how injury triggers these differentiation pathways at unexpected locations during regeneration. Using high throughput genomics approaches such as scRNA-seq, ATAC-seq, and Cut&Tag, we have transcriptionally defined every cell type in Hydra and identified putative transcriptional regulators for each cell type. This includes the 11 neuronal subtypes that comprise the nerve net that spans the entire length of the Hydra body. We are currently leveraging these data to conduct functional testing of key putative regulators and to identify injury inputs into cell specification events during regeneration.
NEIGHBORHOOD CHARACTERISTICS INFLUENCE OLDER ADULTS' HEALTH AND MENTAL HEALTH OUTCOMES
Authors: Qin Weidi , Qin Weidi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Both social and physical aspects of neighborhood characteristics are related to a wide range of health and mental health outcomes. There has been increasing evidence pointing to the link between neighborhood-level factors and health among older adults. Specifically, older adults living in disadvantaged neighborhoods with under-resourced infrastructure may experience more daily activity limitations, mental health symptoms, and increased morbidity and mortality. Positive aspects of the neighborhood, such as social cohesion, may serve as a social capital resource and protect against adverse health outcomes. On the contrary, negative aspects of the neighborhood, such as physical disorder, can be a substantial stressor leading to poor health. The neighborhood environment also disproportionally affects racial and ethnic minorities in the US. This symposium session will present four studies exploring important topics related to neighborhood factors of health among older adults. Collectively, the findings will inform neighborhood-level interventions to promote health and well-being among community-dwelling older adults. This session will start with a talk by Dr. Chan on the link between neighborhood and disability across six ethnic groups of older Asian Americans residing in New York City. Dr. Perry will present a qualitative study to explore the environmental and infrastructure challenges in the neighborhood from the perspective of older adults in Detroit. This will be followed by Dr. Jiang’s talk on the relationship between neighborhood cohesion and mortality among a sample of older Chinese in Chicago. Finally, the session will conclude with Dr. Qin’s presentation on how neighborhood characteristics affect older adults’ mental health trajectories.
CORRELATES OF SOCIAL COHESION AMONG COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER PERSONS IN SOUTH-WESTERN NIGERIA
Authors: Cadmus Eniola , Adebusoye Lawrence , Owoaje Eme 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Existing research shows that older persons prefer to ‘Age in Place’ in their homes or community for as long as possible and are attached to both the physical space as well as the social environment. Despite growing attention to the relationship between social cohesion and health outcomes, few studies have focused on its correlates, especially in low- and middle-income countries, including Nigeria. This study identified the factors related to neighbourhood social cohesion among older adults aged &gt;60years dwelling in a selected rural and urban community in Oyo State, southwestern Nigeria. Data were collected using a semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire and analysed using Stata version 15. Overall, 1180 (588 rural and 592 urban) respondents were interviewed (mean age 74.2 ± 9.5 years). Over half (55.3%) of the respondents had an adequate level of social cohesion. In the rural environment, positive predictors of social cohesion were male gender [OR: 1.73 (95%CI: 1.10-2.73)], formal education [OR:2.70 (95%CI: 1.52-4.81)] being employed [OR:3.68 (95%CI: 2.50-5.42)], homeownership [OR: 1.82 (95%CI: 1.22-2.71)] and good self-rated health (SRH) [OR:2.73 (95%CI: 1.78-4.20)]. Among the urban respondents, factors predictive of good social cohesion were male sex [OR:1.68 (95%CI: 1.06-2.68)], being employed [OR:2.38 (95%CI: 1.67-3.41) and reporting good SRH [OR:2.13 (95%CI: 1.45-3.11)]. Older respondents were less likely to have good social cohesion compared with the younger respondents in the rural [OR:0.54 (95%CI: 0.35-0.84)] and urban setting [OR:0.68 (95%CI: 0.47-1.00)]. The study findings underscore the importance of socio-economic status and homeownership on older adults’ social cohesion and areas for targeted policy and intervention
WITHIN-FAMILY DIFFERENCES IN INTERGENERATIONAL CONTACT: THE ROLE OF GENDER NORMS IN A PATRILINEAL SOCIETY
Authors: Lim-Soh Jeremy , Kim Dahye , Kim Kyungmin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Intergenerational contact is important for older adults’ quality of life. However, few studies have examined older adults’ patterns of intergenerational contact across multiple children and whether these patterns are gendered within families, which has been a distinct characteristic in countries with patrilineal traditions. A sample of older adults aged 65 and above with mixed-gender children (N = 3,228) from the 2006 Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing reported the frequency of meeting and communication with each of their children (N = 14,110). To identify “within-family” patterns of contact, we applied latent profile analysis to three family-level indicators of contact across children: (a) family means, (b) family standard deviations, and (c) gender differences between sons and daughters. Multinomial logit regression was estimated to examine differences in parents’ characteristics between the derived patterns. Nearly half of parents exhibited gender-balanced patterns of meeting across children: “equally high contact” (14%) and “equally low contact” (34%). We also found two gendered patterns of contact: “more frequent contact with daughters” (13%) and “more frequent contact with sons” (39%). Communication also exhibited similar four patterns across children with a higher proportion of “equally high contact” (77%). The derived patterns of contact differed by parents’ age, education, marital status, employment situation, and depressive symptoms. The results highlighted substantial within-family differences in older parents’ contact with their children, revealing more frequent contact with sons. This points to the enduring nature of patrilineal traditions as well as the lack of frequent physical contact in some Korean families.
SHORT SLEEP AND INSOMNIA ARE ASSOCIATED WITH ACCELERATED EPIGENETIC AGE
Authors: Kusters Cynthia , Klopack Eric , Crimmins Eileen , Seeman Teresa , Cole Steve , Carroll Judith 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Short sleep (&lt;6 hours) and insomnia are independently associated with greater risk for age-related disease suggesting that insufficient sleep may accelerate biological aging. Epigenetic age acceleration is an estimate of biological aging that predicts morbidity and mortality. We tested whether insomnia symptoms and short sleep duration relates to epigenetic age in 2783 participants in the Health and Retirement Study. Insomnia and short sleep were associated with an 0.70(95%CI:0.23-1.17;P: 0.005) and 1.45(95%CI:0.67-2.24;P:0.001) years acceleration of GrimAge, respectively, as well as a faster pace of aging (DunedinPoAm; 0.015(95%CI: 0.005-0.024; P:0.006); 0.021(95%CI: 0.006-0.037; P:0.009)). Compared to healthy sleepers, Individuals with the combination of short sleep and insomnia had an accelerated GrimAge (1.34;95%CI: 0.49-02.19; P:0.003) and a greater DunedinPoAm (0.025; 95%CI: 0.009-0.041; P:0.004). Our findings indicate short sleep and insomnia are linked to epigenetic age acceleration, suggesting that these individuals have an older biological age that may contribute to risk for comorbidity and mortality.
RISK AND RESILIENCE: HIGHLIGHTING MINORITY STRESS IN A LIFESPAN SAMPLE OF SEXUAL MINORITIES
Authors: Vale Michael , Bisconti Toni 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Older sexual minorities (OSM), or those older adults sexually attracted to the same sex, are at risk for poorer well-being, which is rooted in the stresses of being marginalized. There is limited knowledge on how older age contextualizes the minority stress process. OSM have witnessed more stigmatized sociopolitical climates, yet report less minority stress compared with younger adults, which may be due to having accrued lifetime practice with stigma. The current study explores age differences in the daily experiences of minority stress in a sample of sexual minorities stratified across the lifespan. Data from a baseline sample of 355 sexual minorities (ages 18-90) confirmed previous research that OSM experienced lower minority stress compared with their younger counterparts (p&lt;.05). Additionally, an age-stratified subset of this sample (N=112; ages 19-79) answered daily surveys for 3 weeks (N=1,923). Using multilevel modeling, we found that older age moderated the daily stress-distress relationships between outness disclosure and positive affect (B=-.005, p&lt;.05); internalized homonegativity and positive affect (B=.004, p &lt;.05) and negative affect (B=-.005, p&lt;.05), and experienced microaggressions and negative affect (B=.007, p&lt;.05). OSM had weaker relationships among four different daily minority stressors and worse daily well-being. There also was support that the associations between age and minority stress were partially mediated by lifelong exposure with marginalization. This project highlights the intersection of sexuality and aging and emphasizes the unique resilience of OSM. The results of this study inform both theory and practice and contribute to a better understanding of how to address OSM’ health disparities.
UPDATING ESTIMATES OF DRIVING LIFE EXPECTANCY
Authors: Vivoda Jonathon 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Information is limited about driving life expectancy, and the amount of time between loss of driving ability and death. The most often cited study (by Foley and colleagues, 2002) analyzed data collected in the mid-1990s and used life expectancy estimates to determine survival probabilities. Although that study was well designed, longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) are now available to use participants’ actual date of death to assess issues related to driving life expectancy. HRS data from 1996-2018 were assessed; only participants who had answered the driving ability question for at least one wave, and had a reported death date were included. The percentages of participants were determined who never reported the ability to drive, always reported the ability to drive, and those who transitioned from driving to non-driving. Time between loss of driving ability and death was calculated among former drivers by subtracting the interview date when respondents reported an inability to drive (after having previously reported being able to drive) from the participants’ date of death. Only about 3% reported never driving, with a nearly even split between those who stopped driving (49%) and those who always drove (48%). Women were more likely to report being a never/former driver (65%) compared to men (36%). Among former drivers, the average time between inability to drive and death was 1312 days (3.59 years), and was significantly longer for women (437 days). Among former drivers, the average age for reporting inability to drive was about 83 years old.
AGITATION IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: A DECISION TREE FOR HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS
Authors: Grossberg George , Sanford Angela , Scanland Susan , Tracy Karen , Stefanacci Richard G 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Agitation in Alzheimer's Disease (AAD) impacts nearly 80% of persons with Alzheimer's Disease and is a cause of significant distress for patients and family/professional caregivers.Clinicians need guidance relative to assessment as well as non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic treatment approaches to AAD. To this end, the Gerontological Society of America (GSA) convened a group of experts representing Geriatric Psychiatry, Gerontological Nursing, Geriatric Medicine, and Long-Term Care to develop a "Decision Tree for Healthcare Providers" in the evaluation and management of AAD. The "Decision Tree" is a practical, user-friendly template for clinicians which provides a step-by-step approach to differential diagnosis of AAD, including conditions such as delirium, pain/discomfort, environmental and psycho-social stressors. The "Decision Tree" also walks the clinician through a range of non-pharmacologic treatment options such as music therapy; activities therapy, environmental modification and de-prescribing. The "Decision Tree" highlights rational use of pharmacotherapies as well as their hazards in this vulnerable population.