bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine-needle Aspiration Cytology Versus Open Biopsy for the Diagnosis of Chronic Cervical Lymphadenopathy
Authors: Arshad Shafia , Arif Amina , Shakeel Maria , Zahra Memoona , Mehwish Romana , Riaz Amna , Hadi Faheem 
Published: March 2023

Background:
For the diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy, an open biopsy is recommended. When compared to open biopsy, fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is considered safe, less invasive, and cost-effective. However, its diagnostic efficacy remains in debates. This study was conducted to know that how accurately FNAC can detect the pathology as compared to an open biopsy. The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic efficacy of FNAC versus open biopsy in the diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy.

Methods:
It is a comparative study at Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, for 6 months. The study comprised 100 patients who had been diagnosed with chronic cervical lymphoma. All of the patients underwent FNAC, which was followed by an open biopsy. Calculating the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of each technique was used to determine the diagnostic efficacy of the both techniques.

Results:
FNAC had a sensitivity and specificity of 92% overall. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, tuberculosis, Hodgkin's lymphoma, metastatic carcinoma, reactive hyperplasia, and chronic nonspecific lymphadenopathy had a diagnostic accuracy of 96.2%, 85.7%, 100%, 87.5%, 100%, and 100%, respectively.

Conclusions:
In the management of cervical lymphadenopathy, FNAC is a reliable and safe procedure with a high diagnostic efficacy. It should be used as the first line of examination.
Insight Into Biosorption of Hexavalent Chromium Using Isolated Species Aspergillus Proliferans LA
Authors: Shukla Abhimati , Singh Lalit Kumar 
Published: March 2023

Background:
The wastewater disposal into the water bodies without removing the toxic heavy metals and other industrial impurities is a major issue these days. These heavy metals cause serious health issues to the human and animal life and also harm the environment and reduce the productivity of crops. A potent microorganism resistant to hexavalent chromium was isolated. The activity of this isolated strain was analyzed using in silico studies.

Methods:
In this study, a chromium-resistant fungus was isolated from the soil of the dumping sites of the tanneries in Kanpur, UP, India, followed by isolation by serial dilution, plating method, and finally, genome sequencing. It was identified as Aspergillus proliferans LA that is submitted to the National Collection for Industrial Microorganisms (NCIM) database with accession no. NCIM-1473. In the current study, the comparative analysis of the protein sequence of A. proliferans (NCIM-1473) was done against the known 53 protein sequences of the fungus and bacterial strains already reported for their chromium-resistant nature. The physical and chemical parameters of the known and isolated chromium-resistant proteins were analyzed using the ProtParam tool. The comparative study on the sequence and structural alignment of known and isolated chromium-resistant protein was done using EMBOSS-NEEDLE and FATCAT, respectively.

Results:
In this analysis, the top 10 strains showing similarity with A. proliferans (NCIM-1473) were reported and among which ChrI, chromium regulatory protein Cupriavidus metallidurans
CH34 was showing maximum similarity with isolated chromium resistant protein for all the analysis, namely ProtParam, sequence, and FATCAT analysis. This strain, Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34, has been reported resistant against eight heavy metals, one of which is chromate, and was first identified in the heavy-metal contaminated sludge in a settling tank of Belgium.

Conclusion:
These studies conclude that the strain isolated in our laboratory (accession no. NCIM-1473) is potentially chromium resistant and a unique strain.
Epidemiology of the Koch Phenomenon of Infants after Bacillus Calmette–Guerin Vaccination by Interferon-γ Release Assay Status, Japan, 2013–2019
Authors: Ota Masaki , Furuichi Yoshiyuki , Hirao Susumu 
Published: March 2023

Background:
The epidemiology of infants who exhibited the Koch-like phenomenon after Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccination and who subsequently tested positive in interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) was compared to that of those who tested negative. The reports of pediatricians on the phenomenon to the health authorities of Japan were retrieved and analyzed.

Methods:
In 2013–2019, 790 infants with such events were reported with IGRA test results available, of whom 81 (10.3%) tested positive and 709 (89.7%) negative.

Results:
The infants who were IGRA positive did not show an increasing trend (Ρ = 0.06, P = 0.60), whereas those who were IGRA negative showed a significantly increasing trend (Ρ = 0.42, P = 0.0002). The infants who were IGRA positive did not exhibit seasonality, whereas those who were IGRA negative had a higher number of cases in winter than in summer. The rates of infants who were IGRA positive per 10 million live births showed a significant correlation with the tuberculosis (TB) notification rates by prefecture (Ρ = 0.41, P = 0.004), whereas those who were IGRA negative did not (Ρ = 0.04, P = 0.78).

Conclusion:
The IGRA-positive infants were distributed quite differently from those who were IGRA negative and appeared more likely to be infected with TB. Reports of pediatricians on the Koch-like phenomenon should continuously be collected as the reports reflect a risk of TB infection including TB outbreaks among infants in Japan. The reports should include IGRA test results as IGRA is more specific than tuberculin skin testing. Infants with IGRA-positive results should be followed up for 2–3 years to determine their final outcomes.
Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary Specimens of Iranian Hospitalized Patients During 2017–2021
Authors: Salehi Mohammadreza , Shahsiah Reza , Khorasani Kiarash Mohammad , Hasannezhad Malihe , Rahimi Arian , Yousefi Bahare , Aliramezani Amir 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most serious public health problems worldwide which is a chronic infectious disease and is still one of the major challenges for developing countries. This study was undertaken to identify Mycobacterium TB (MTB) in clinical specimens in hospitalized patients.

Methods:
The study was carried out on specimens from pulmonary and extrapulmonary suspected TB patients that were admitted to one of the largest tertiary hospitals located in Tehran, Iran from 2017 to 2021. The GeneXpert MTB/rifampin (RIF) method was applied to detect MTB and RIF resistance. Characteristics of demography, clinical features, and lifestyle were obtained from medical case records registered in the hospital.

Results:
Of 957 specimens, 92 (9.61%) were found positive for TB by GeneXpert assay. Of positive samples, 72 (78.26%) were considered pulmonary TB, and 20 (21.73%) of them are associated with extrapulmonary involvement. Four (4.3%) positive TB cases were categorized as rifampicin-resistant.

Conclusion:
This study showed a relatively high incidence rate of TB in distinct types of specimens in Iranian hospitalized patients but a low level of RIF resistance.
Evaluation of Possibility of Cultivation of Acid Resistant Bacteria on Solid Egg-Based and Agar Cultural Media
Authors: Lyamin Artem , Ereshchenko Alena , Antipov Vladimir , Kozlov Andrey , Ismatullin Danir , Nikitina Tatyana 
Published: March 2023

Background:
The increase in the number of patients at risk for opportunistic infections caused by rare bacteria, which include individual representatives of acid-resistant bacteria (ARB), is a serious problem in modern health care. Significant difficulties in the etiological diagnosis of mycobacteriosis, nocardiosis, and actinomycosis are associated not only with the problem of identifying the main pathogens but also with certain difficulties in isolating pathogens from biological material.

Methods:
The research provides data on 402 strains of ARB, which were isolated from various biological materials obtained from patients during examination for tuberculosis. All samples of biological material were negative on the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. The isolates were identified on the MALDI-ToF mass spectrometer. The cultural characteristics of ARB were evaluated on the solid Löwenstein–Jensen egg-based culture media, universal chromogenic media, and 5% blood agar with lamb blood.

Results:
The studies carried out indicate the possibility of culturing ARB representatives on agar media. At the same time, based on the comparison of the growth properties of ARB, it was found that the universal chromogenic media provides more acceptable conditions for the isolation of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) compared to blood agar. The comparison of the growth rate of bacteria did not reveal significant differences for fastly growing NTM. For slowly growing species, the growth rate on blood agar was lower than on chromogenic media and on the Löwenstein–Jensen media.

Conclusion:
Thus, the use of a universal chromogenic media during incubation makes it possible to isolate and preidentify representatives of the ARB under the conditions of standard operating procedures of the microbiological laboratory.
Application of Chromogenic Media for Preliminary Identification of Acid-Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Lyamin Artem Viktorovich , Ereshchenko Alena Anatolyevna , Gusyakova Oksana Anatolyevna , Antipov Vladimir Alexandrovich , Kozlov Andrey Vladimirovich , Ismatullin Danir Damirovich 
Published: March 2023

Background:
The variety of morphological and cultural characteristics of acid-resistant bacteria (ARB) makes it possible to use microscopy and estimate the growth rate and pigment formation when cultivating on solid egg media for preliminary identification only as additional indicative methods. It is necessary to develop new approaches for the cultivation and primary identification of ARB isolated from the biological material. It will allow to obtain data on the prevalence, structure, epidemiological, and clinical features of infectious processes caused by opportunistic ARB.

Methods:
Three hundred and sixty strains of ARB were isolated from the various biological materials obtained from the patients during the examination for tuberculosis. All biological material samples were negative on Mycobacteria tuberculosis complex. Species identification of all bacteria was performed by matrix-assisted lazer desorption/ion-ization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The cultural characteristics of ARB were evaluated on a universal chromogenic media. As a selective additive, a mixture of bacitracin and polymyxin sulfate which had no effect on ARB was tested to suppress concomitant Gram-positive and Gram-negative microflora.

Results:
Cultural characteristics were identified and described for all tested representatives of fast-growing nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), as well as for all types of nocardia, gordonia, and streptomycetes. Representatives of other genera of ARB on a universal chromogenic media gave meager growth or did not show it at all. When inoculated on a universal chromogenic media with a selective addition, 100% of the strains from the ARB group showed abundant or moderate growth. Incubation time for fast-growing species was up to 7 days; for slow-growing species, it was up to 28 days. Concomitant control strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria on universal chromogenic media with selective growth additive did not show the growth.

Conclusions:
The use of a universal chromogenic media allows to preliminarily identify NTM and other ARB by cultural characteristics. The addition of bacitracin and polymyxin sulfate does not reduce the growth properties of ARB, which can be used when working with both biological materials and for the isolation of pure ARB cultures from mixtures with other bacteria.
Improving interaction of primary health care facilities and narcological service to provide care to patients with riskу, harmful use or dependency from alcohol or other psychoactive substances
Authors: Klimenko T. V. , Korchagina G. A. , Fadeeva E. V. , Grechanaya T. B. , Vyshinsky K. V. 
Published: March 2023

This article provides description of the existing regulatory framework for interaction between medical organizations that provide health to people with risky, hazardous (harmful) use of alcohol or other psychoactive substances in the Russian Federation.Aim. Exploring existing opportunities to improve interaction of primary health care institutions and narcological service to provide care to patients with risky use, harmful use or dependence on psychoactive substances.Materials and methods. The article presents results of implementing the action plan to organize medical prevention in 71 regions of the Russian Federation, based on data provided by chief narcologists of these regions during 2017–2018. The analysis of the existing practice of the interaction of medical institutions for the prevention of the harmful use of psychoactive substances was carried out; were studied the principles of organizing screening and preventive counseling in primary health care; the features of training and education of specialists of medical organizations in the methodology of screening, preventive and motivational counseling were studied in different regions of the Russian Federation.Discussion. During 2017–2018 more than 14.5 million patients were screened in primary health care. Problems alcohol and other psychoactive substances use were identified in more than 300,000 patients (2.4 %). The highest rates of identified substance use disorders’ risks were observed in primary specialized medical care settings (5.1 %); lower rates were observed among those who were undergoing screening in primary health care settings (1.8 %), during preventive health assessment (2.3 %) and during preventive medical check-ups (2.4 %). More than 19,000 health workers have been trained in motivational counseling techniques.Conclusion. The problem of substance abuse and related medical and social consequences remains highly relevant, and therefore requires further implementation of preventive technologies with proven effectiveness.
Kedudukan Hukum Objek Hak Atas Tanah Atas Perjanjian Pelepasan Hak Atas Tanah Yang Bayar Secara Cicilan
Authors: Sihite Sri Rumada 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Agreement on the transfer of land rights number 04/L/GGPG/IX/2013 dated September 11, 2013 which became the issue raised by the author. The agreement made in the letter of agreement is a default between the parties who are considered to have owned the land, but it is interesting to see the legal position of the object of land rights on the agreement to release land rights which is paid in installments (study of the supreme court decision 2875/k/pdt/2016.
Purposes of the Research: to answer how the legal position of the object of the right to the agreement to release the right to be paid in installments (study of the supreme court decision 2875k/pdt/2016.
Methods of the Research: The type of research used is normative juridical research. The nature of this research is descriptive. The data source used is secondary data. The nature of this research is descriptive analytical research and drawing conclusions using deductive methods.
Results Originality of the Research: The position of the land object is on the seller's side because the conditions for the transfer of the object of land rights to the buyer are not valid in accordance with the provisions of the agrarian law, namely the legal requirements for registering the transfer of land rights.
Very-long-period oscillations in the atmosphere (0–110 km) – Part 2: Latitude– longitude comparisons and trends
Authors: Offermann Dirk , Kalicinsky Christoph , Koppmann Ralf , Wintel Johannes 
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Measurements of atmospheric temperatures show a variety of long-term
oscillations. These can be simulated by computer models and exhibit
multi-annual, decadal, and even centennial periods. They extend from the
ground up to the lower thermosphere. Recent analyses have shown that they
exist in the models even if the model boundaries are kept constant with
respect to influences of the sun, ocean, and greenhouse gases. Therefore,
these parameters appear not to be responsible for the excitation of these
oscillations, i.e. the oscillations might be rather self-excited. However,
influences of land surface and vegetation changes had not been entirely
excluded. This is studied in the present analysis. It turns out that such
influences might be active in the lowermost atmospheric levels. Long-term trends of atmospheric parameters such as the temperature are important
for the understanding of the ongoing climate change. Their study is mostly
based on data sets that are 1 to a few decades long. The trend values are
generally small and so are the amplitudes of the long-period oscillations.
It can therefore be difficult to disentangle these structures, especially if
the interval of trend analysis is comparable to the period of the oscillations. If the oscillations are self-excited, there may be a
non-anthropogenic contribution to the climate change which is difficult to
determine. Long-term changes of the cold-point tropopause are analysed here
as an example.
Model estimates of metazoans' contributions to the biological carbon pump
Authors: Pinti Jérôme , DeVries Tim , Norin Tommy , Serra-Pompei Camila , Proud Roland , Siegel David A. , Kiørboe Thomas , Petrik Colleen M. , Andersen Ken H. , Brierley Andrew S. , Visser André W. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract. The daily vertical migrations of fish and other metazoans actively transport organic carbon from the ocean surface to depth, contributing to the biological carbon pump. We use an oxygen-constrained, game-theoretic food-web model to simulate diel vertical migrations and estimate near-global (global ocean minus coastal areas and high latitudes) carbon fluxes and sequestration by fish and zooplankton due to respiration, fecal pellets, and deadfalls. Our model provides estimates of the carbon export and sequestration potential for a range of pelagic functional groups, despite uncertain biomass estimates of some functional groups.
While the export production of metazoans and fish is modest (∼20 % of global total), we estimate that their contribution to carbon sequestered by the biological pump (∼800 PgC) is conservatively more than 50 % of the estimated global total (∼1300 PgC) and that they have a significantly longer sequestration timescale (∼250 years) than previously reported for other components of the biological pump. Fish and multicellular zooplankton contribute about equally to this sequestered carbon pool. This essential ecosystem service could be at risk from both unregulated fishing on the high seas and ocean deoxygenation due to climate change.
A 600 kyr reconstruction of deep Arctic seawater δ18O from benthic foraminiferal δ18O and ostracode Mg ∕ Ca paleothermometry
Authors: Farmer Jesse R. , Keller Katherine J. , Poirier Robert K. , Dwyer Gary S. , Schaller Morgan F. , Coxall Helen K. , O'Regan Matt , Cronin Thomas M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract. The oxygen isotopic composition of benthic foraminiferal tests (δ18Ob) is one of the pre-eminent tools for correlating marine sediments and interpreting past terrestrial ice volume and deep-ocean temperatures. Despite the prevalence of δ18Ob applications to marine sediment cores over the Quaternary, its use is limited in the Arctic Ocean because of low benthic foraminiferal abundances, challenges with constructing independent sediment core age models, and an apparent muted amplitude of Arctic δ18Ob variability compared to open-ocean records. Here we evaluate the controls on Arctic δ18Ob by using ostracode Mg/Ca paleothermometry to generate a composite record of the δ18O of seawater (δ18Osw) from 12 sediment cores in the intermediate to deep Arctic Ocean (700–2700 m) that covers the last 600 kyr based on biostratigraphy and orbitally tuned age models. Results show that Arctic δ18Ob was generally higher than open-ocean δ18Ob during interglacials but was generally equivalent to global reference records during glacial periods. The reduced glacial–interglacial Arctic δ18Ob range resulted in part from the opposing effect of temperature, with intermediate to deep Arctic warming during glacials counteracting the whole-ocean δ18Osw increase from expanded terrestrial ice sheets. After removing the temperature effect from δ18Ob, we find that the intermediate to deep Arctic experienced large (≥1 ‰) variations in local δ18Osw, with generally higher local δ18Osw during interglacials and lower δ18Osw during glacials. Both the magnitude and timing of low local δ18Osw intervals are inconsistent with the recent proposal of freshwater intervals in the Arctic Ocean during past glaciations. Instead, we suggest that lower local δ18Osw in the intermediate to deep Arctic Ocean during glaciations reflected weaker upper-ocean stratification and more efficient transport of low-δ18Osw Arctic surface waters to depth by mixing and/or brine rejection.
Bayesian calibration of a flood simulator using binary flood extent observations
Authors: Balbi Mariano , Lallemant David Charles Bonaventure 
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Computational simulators of complex physical processes, such as inundations, require a robust characterization of the uncertainties involved to be useful for flood hazard and risk analysis. While flood extent data, as obtained from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery, have become widely available, no methodologies have been implemented that can consistently assimilate this information source into fully probabilistic estimations of the model parameters, model structural deficiencies, and model predictions. This paper proposes a fully Bayesian framework to calibrate a 2D physics-based inundation model using a single observation of flood extent, explicitly including uncertainty in the floodplain and channel roughness parameters, simulator structural deficiencies, and observation errors. The proposed approach is compared to the current state-of-practice generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) framework for calibration and with a simpler Bayesian model. We found that discrepancies between the computational simulator output and the flood extent observation are spatially correlated, and calibration models that do not account for this, such as GLUE, may consistently mispredict flooding over large regions. The added structural deficiency term succeeds in capturing and correcting for this spatial behavior, improving the rate of correctly predicted pixels. We also found that binary data do not have information on the magnitude of the observed process (e.g., flood depths), raising issues in the identifiability of the roughness parameters, and the additive terms of structural deficiency and observation errors. The proposed methodology, while computationally challenging, is proven to perform better than existing techniques. It also has the potential to consistently combine observed flood extent data with other data such as sensor information and crowdsourced data, something which is not currently possible using GLUE calibration framework.