bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social mobility and constitutional and political preferences in Northern Ireland
Authors: Breen Richard 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTDuring the past thirty years Catholics in Northern Ireland have experienced unprecedented upward social mobility. Some commentators have suggested that this has led Catholics not merely to adopt the lifestyles of the middle class but also to modify their constitutional preferences, leading to a decline in nationalism. In this paper I examine the relationship between social mobility, on the one hand, and, on the other, both constitutional preferences and political (left or right wing) preferences among Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland, using survey data collected in 1996. There is no evidence that Catholics' constitutional preferences are related to their mobility experiences.
Stabilization of Acetylcholine Receptors by Exogenous ATP and Its Reversal by cAMP and Calcium
Authors: O'Malley James P. , Moore Charlotte T. , Salpeter Miriam M. 
Published: July 2002

Innervation of the neuromuscular junction (nmj) affects the stability of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs). A neural factor that could affect AChR stabilization was studied using cultured muscle cells since they express two distinct populations of AChRs similar to those seen at the nmjs of denervated muscle. These two AChR populations are (in a ratio of 9 to 1) a rapidly degrading population (Rr) with a degradation half-life of ∼1 d and a slowly degrading population (Rs) that can alternate between an accelerated form (half-life ∼3–5 d) and a stabilized form (half-life ∼10 d), depending upon the state of innervation of the muscle.
Previous studies have shown that elevation of intracellular cAMP can stabilize the Rs, but not the Rr. We report here that in cultured rat muscle cells, exogenous ATP stabilized the degradation half-life of Rr and possibly also the Rs. Furthermore, pretreatment with ATP caused more stable AChRs to be inserted into the muscle membrane. Thus, in the presence of ATP, the degradation rates of the Rr and Rs overlap. This suggests that ATP released from the nerve may play an important role in the regulation of AChR degradation. Treatment with either the cAMP analogue dibutyryl-cAMP (dB-cAMP) or the calcium mobilizer ryanodine caused the ATP-stabilized Rr to accelerate back to a half-life of 1 d. Thus, at least three signaling systems (intracellular cAMP, Ca2+, and extracellular ATP) have the potential to interact with each other in the building of an adult neuromuscular junction.
A new fourier transform approach for protein coding measure based on the format of the Z curve.
Authors: Yan M , Lin Z S , Zhang C T 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
MOTIVATION: At the core of most protein gene-finding algorithms are the coding measures used to make a decision on coding/non-coding. Of the protein coding measures, the Fourier measure is one of the most important. However, due to the limited length of the windows usually used, the accuracy of the measure is not satisfactory. This paper is devoted to improving the accuracy by lengthening the sequence to amplify the periodicity of 3 in the coding regions. RESULTS: A new algorithm is presented called the lengthen-shuffle Fourier transform algorithm. For the same window length, the percentage accuracy of the new algorithm is 6-7% higher than that of the ordinary Fourier transform algorithm. The resulting percentage accuracy (average of specificity and sensitivity) of the new measure is 84.9% for the window length 162 bp. AVAILABILITY: The program is available on request fromC.-T. Zhang. Contact: ctzhang@tju.edu.cn
Dynamic analysis, psychological and physiological evaluations of the visual environment
Authors: Soeta Yoshiharu 
Published: July 2002

Attempts are made to apply preference theory for sound fields to visual fields. To investigate how the periodical flicker and movements in vertical and horizontal directions are preferred, preference judgments were conducted by paired-comparison tests. Results show that each stimulus has each pereference period. The scale value of preference is formulated approximately in terms of the 32 power of the normalized period of stimulus. It is interesting that this formulation corresponds to that of temporal factors in sound fields. Next, relationships between the subjective preference and the factors extracted from the autocorrelation function (ACF) and the cross-correlation (CCF) of the EEG and MEG alpha waves were investigated. Remarkably, preferred stimulus shows a significantly longer effective duration of the ACF, τe, of the alpha waves than that of less preferred stimulus. This tendency was also found in previous studies that varied the delay time of a single sound reflection and the reverberation time of a music sound field. Also, the preferred stimulus shows a significantly greater magnitude of the CCF between the alpha waves from different locations on the brain. Thus, a similar rhythm repeats over a wider range of the brain, in both space and time, under a preferred condition.
Thesis advisor: Yoichi Ando
Copies of this thesis written in English can be obtained from Junko Atagi, 6813 Mosonou, Saijo-cho, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-0024, Japan. E-mail address: atagi\@urban.ne.jp.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Hydroarylation of Cyclopropenes with Arylboronic Acids
Authors: Zhang Jiwu , Wang Lei , Chong Qinglei , Meng Fanke 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCatalytic diastereo‐ and enantioselective hydroarylation of 3,3‐disubstituted cyclopropenes with easily accessible arylboronic acids promoted by a chiral phosphine‐Co complex is presented. Such a process represents an unprecedented Co‐catalyzed approach for direct introduction of a variety of aryl groups onto the cyclopropane motif, affording multisubstituted cyclopropanes in up to 86% yield with greater than 95 : 5 dr and 99 : 1 er.
A deep learning ensemble approach for predicting tropical cyclone rapid intensification
Authors: Chen Buo‐Fu , Kuo Yu‐Te , Huang Treng‐Shi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPredicting rapid intensification (RI) of tropical cyclones (TCs) is critical in operational forecasting. Statistical schemes rely on human‐driven feature extraction and predictor correlation to predict TC intensities. Deep learning provides an opportunity to further improve the prediction if data, including satellite images of TC convection and conventional environmental predictors, can be properly integrated by deep neural networks. This study shows that deep learning yields enhanced intensity and RI prediction performance by simultaneously handling the human‐defined environmental/TC‐related parameters and information extracted from satellite images. From operational and practical perspectives, we use an ensemble of 20 deep‐learning models with different neural network designs and input combinations to predict intensity distributions at +24 h. With the intensity distribution based on the ensemble forecast, forecasters can easily predict a deterministic intensity value demanded in operations and be aware of the chance of RI and the prediction uncertainty. Compared with the operational forecasts provided for western Pacific TCs, the results of the deep learning ensemble achieve higher RI detection probabilities and lower false‐alarm rates.
Integrating mobile learning and SPOC‐based flipped classroom to teach a course in water supply and drainage science and engineering
Authors: Zhang Hui , Zhang Jie , Wang Junping , Zhang Haihan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTo promote the combination of mobile learning (m‐learning) in new courses contexts and improve students' learning outcomes, an integrated method of m‐learning and small private online course (SPOC)‐based flipped classroom was proposed and used for teaching the “hydrology” course at Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology (XAUAT). The offering of the new methodology was composed of preclass (knowledge acquisition), in‐class (knowledge internalization), and after‐class (knowledge application) stages, and the WeChat applet Mu classroom with m‐learning technology was adopted in the in‐class stage. To improve the teacher–student interactions and communication, several interactive activities were designed based on Mu classroom, including random roll calls, open questions, objective questions, discussion, and extended discussion. After using the integrated method, the average score of each final exam was improved significantly (p < .05), and the failed (<60) percentage was decreased significantly (p = .002 < .01). Positive correlation between the scores of in‐class quizzes and discussion and final exam were obtained (R2 = .530, p < .001), indicating that students' outcomes were greatly affected by mobile learning. Moreover, positive feedback from students' questionnaires confirmed that the integrated approach was effective and could motivate students' learning interests and knowledge understanding.
Sustainable Modification of Chitosan Binder for Capacitive Electrodes Operating in Aqueous Electrolytes
Authors: Bargnesi Luca , Rozzarin Arianna , Lacarbonara Giampaolo , Tombolesi Serena , Arbizzani Catia 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBiopolymers emerged in recent years as a promising alternative for a more sustainable manufacturing of electrochemical energy storage systems. In fact, for environmentally friendly aqueous systems, fluorinated polymers are usually adopted. For this reason, substituting these polymers with water processable binders could improve the overall environmental impact of the device. In this study, a low – cost and environmentally friendly modification of chitosan binder for self‐standing activated carbon electrodes operating in Na ion, aqueous electrochemical double layer capacitors is reported and discussed.
Chiral Alkynyl‐Stabilized Ag/Cu Nanoclusters from Spontaneous Resolution
Authors: Sun Xueli , Guo Zipeng , Tang Xiongkai , Xu Zhen , Sun Jing , Xie Zhenlang , Nan Zi‐Ang , Guo Shuo , Shen Hui 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntrinsically chiral metal nanoclusters with crystal structure are highly desirable to gain deep insights into chirality origin of chiral nanostructures and understand structure‐and‐property relationship of heterogeneous catalysts in asymmetric catalysis. Although several strategies including the use of chiral ligands and high‐performance liquid chromatography have been routinely employed to gain nanoclusters with inherent chirality, another simple methodology of spontaneous resolution remains largely unexplored. In this work, we report the isolation of homochiral Ag/Cu nanoclusters stabilized by alkynyl ligands from spontaneous self‐resolution, which represents a pioneering example in the realm of alkynyl‐protected metal nanoclusters. The cluster, with the formula of [Ag12Cu7(dppe)3(RC≡C)14]3+, has been prepared in one‐pot, with the high yield of 71%. Structural anatomy reveals that the metal architecture, metal‐ligand interface and ligand arrangement of the cluster all display chirality. The cluster features superatomic free electrons, implying its potential application in specific fields. This work not only offers strategic guidance for the simple synthesis of alkynyl‐protected metal nanoclusters with inherent chirality in an all‐achiral environment, but also displays the hierarchical chirality of cluster moieties at molecular level.
Facile synthesis of ordered mesoporous molybdenum carbide electrocatalysts for high‐performance hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Zheng Man , Cao Bohan , Liu Jiaxian , Shi Kun , Zhang Yufan , Wang Huan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this study, a simple method was designed to prepare ordered mesoporous carbons embedded with molybdenum without any extreme conditions. We prepared three different ordered molybdenum carbide materials with mesoporous structures to explore the influence of the structure of molybdenum‐based materials on the HER catalytic efficiency. The ordered mesoporous molybdenum carbide catalysts (CMK‐3‐MoCx, fCMK‐3‐MoCx, CMK‐8‐MoCx) were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, nitrogen adsorption‐desorption and XPS. The HER is catalyzed efficiently on the three electrocatalysts, fCMK‐3‐MoCx shows the best HER electro‐catalytic performance with a small onset potential of −0.06 V vs. RHE, a low tafel slope of 66 mV dec−1 and a small over‐potential value of 89 mV at 10 mA cm−2. This excellent performance on HER is due to its high specific surface area and highly ordered mesoporous structure that resulted in excellent proton transport efficiency and high electron transfer rate. Our results provide a new research direction for the application of flat ordered mesoporous structures in catalysis.
The Australopithecus assemblage from Sterkfontein Member 4 (South Africa) and the concept of variation in palaeontology
Authors: Beaudet Amélie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractInterpreting morphological variation within the early hominin fossil record is particularly challenging. Apart from the fact that there is no absolute threshold for defining species boundaries in palaeontology, the degree of variation related to sexual dimorphism, temporal depth, geographic variation or ontogeny is difficult to appreciate in a fossil taxon mainly represented by fragmentary specimens, and such variation could easily be conflated with taxonomic diversity. One of the most emblematic examples in paleoanthropology is the Australopithecus assemblage from the Sterkfontein Caves in South Africa. Whereas some studies support the presence of multiple Australopithecus species at Sterkfontein, others explore alternative hypotheses to explain the morphological variation within the hominin assemblage. In this review, I briefly summarize the ongoing debates surrounding the interpretation of morphological variation at Sterkfontein Member 4 before exploring two promising avenues that would deserve specific attention in the future, that is, temporal depth and nonhuman primate diversity.
Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever outbreak in Pakistan, 2022: A warning bell amidst unprecedented floods and COVID 19 pandemic
Authors: Tabassum Shehroze , Naeem Aroma , Khan Maleeka Zamurad , Mumtaz Nimra , Gill Saima , Ohadi Laya 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCrimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an infection caused by a tick‐borne virus (genus: Nairovirus, family: Bunyaviridae). The most important vector for CCHF is the ixodid tick. Along with tick bite, direct contact with the virus‐affected animal is responsible for its spread. Pakistan witnessed its first case of CCHF in 1976 and has been a major victim of CCHF for years, but spikes in cases are seen after Eid‐ul‐Adha, an Islamic festival involving the sacrifice of cattle. The disease, in particular, is common among butchers, veterinarians, and livestock workers. From the start of this year till June 22, 2022, a total of four cases have been reported across the country. Pakistan faces major challenges in combating CCHF every year due to its specific geographical position and a majority of the population being involved with animal husbandry. There is no approved vaccine for its prevention. All these factors contribute to the burden on the already weakened healthcare system of Pakistan. Strict actions should be taken to contain the spread of the disease. The need of the hour is to engage the general population, raise awareness, and develop policies to ensure disease surveillance. This should be accompanied by fostering collaboration among animal and human health departments for efficient communication and early intervention. The focus should be on medical research to find an efficacious treatment and prophylaxis for the CCHF virus, which will be the cornerstone of future CCHF prevention and control strategies.
Correlation of amyloid and ameloblast‐associated proteins to odontogenic cysts and tumors: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Al‐Qazzaz Haider H. , Abdullah Bashar H. , Museedi Omar S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsOdontogenic cysts and tumors often form hard and soft structures that resemble odontogenesis. It is well known that amyloid is produced in Pindborg tumors; however, it is still debatable whether it is also formed in other odontogenic tumors and cysts. This study aimed to detect the presence of amyloid in different odontogenic cysts and tumors in correlation to matrix proteins secreted during enamel formation; namely amelogenin and odontogenic ameloblast‐associated protein.MethodsThis study included formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks of 106 different types of odontogenic cysts and tumors. Congo red and thioflavin T were performed to confirm the presence of amyloid; immunohistochemistry was used to detect amelogenin and odontogenic ameloblast‐associated protein.ResultsAmyloid was detected in pindborg tumors (conventional), adenomatoid odontogenic tumors, odontogenic fibroma (Amyloid variant), follicular solid and unicystic ameloblastomas, radicular cysts, dentigerous cysts, dentinogenic ghost cell odontogenic tumor, ameloblastic fibroma, calcifying odontogenic cyst, and primordial Odontogenic tumor. Amelogenin was detected in 95.3% of the cases, while odontogenic ameloblast‐associated protein was detected in 93.4% of the cases. The association between odontogenic ameloblast‐associated protein and amyloid was highly significant at p < 0.01. However, there was no significant relationship between amelogenin and amyloid p > 0.05.ConclusionAlthough pindborg tumor is the bonafide example of amyloid deposition in odontogenic tumors, this study concluded that amyloid may be deposited in traces to massive amounts in various odontogenic cysts and tumors, and it is significantly linked to odontogenic ameloblast‐associated protein but not amelogenin matrix protein, since all amyloid cases were odontogenic ameloblast associated protein positive.
The effectiveness of therapeutic interventions on psychological distress in refugee children: A systematic review
Authors: Cowling Misha M. , Anderson Joel R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo systematically review existing research exploring the effectiveness of psychological interventions in reducing symptoms of distress amongst refugee and asylum‐seeker children.MethodSix databases were searched to identify English studies presenting original empirical quantitative data (published before September 2022) testing the efficacy of psychological interventions for children from refugee and asylum‐seeking backgrounds. Quality of studies were assessed through the Appraisal Tool for Cross‐Sectional Studies as well as the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Relevant data were extracted to facilitate a narrative synthesis.ResultsSeventy‐one eligible articles were identified (n > 10,000). A number of cognitive‐behavioral, psychosocial, and trauma‐focused interventions that catered specifically to children and their families were identified. A synthesis of these results suggest that interventions may assist in the reduction of various psychopathologies, although the effects were mixed across intervention types.ConclusionsWhile the review yielded promising findings, most findings were derived from small pilot and empirical studies, leading to difficulties with drawing conclusions. There remains a need for studies using more rigorous research methodologies to expand and ratify this valuable knowledge base. Clinical significance: Forced displacement is at an all‐time high. Many children are being forced to seek asylum and refuge, and they become vulnerable to the development of poor mental health, with limited understanding surrounding how to appropriately intervene. This review aims to equip clinicians with increased knowledge and confidence in working therapeutically alongside clients from refugee or asylum‐seeking background, with the goal of fostering positive mental health and wellbeing.
Efficacy of serum apelin and galectin‐3 as potential predictors of mortality in severe COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Berber Nurcan Kırıcı , Geçkil Ayşegül Altıntop , Altan Nazife Özge , Kıran Tuğba Raika , Otlu Önder , Erdem Mehmet , İn Erdal 
Published: January 2023

AbstractApelin is a cardioprotective biomarker while galectin‐3 is a pro‐inflammatory and profibrotic biomarker. Endothelial dysfunction, hyperinflammation, and pulmonary fibrosis are key mechanisms that contribute to the development of adverse outcomes in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection. This study aims to analyze the prognostic value of serum apelin and galectin‐3 levels to early predict patients at high risk of mortality in patients hospitalized for severe COVID‐19 pneumonia. The study included 78 severe COVID‐19 patients and 40 healthy controls. The COVID‐19 patients were divided into two groups, survivors and nonsurvivors, according to their in‐hospital mortality status. Basic demographic and clinical data of all patients were collected, and blood samples were taken before treatment. In our study, serum apelin levels were determined to be significantly lower in both nonsurvivor and survivor COVID‐19 patients compared to the control subjects (for both groups, p < 0.001). However, serum apelin levels were similar in survivor and nonsurvivor COVID‐19 patients (p > 0.05). Serum galectin‐3 levels were determined to be higher in a statistically significant way in nonsurvivors compared to survivors and controls (for both groups; p < 0.001). Additionally, serum galectin‐3 levels were significantly higher in the survivor patients compared to the control subjects (p < 0.001). Positive correlations were observed between galectin‐3 and age, ferritin, CK‐MB and NT‐proBNP variables (r = 0.32, p = 0.004; r = 0.24, p = 0.04; r = 0.24, p = 0.03; and r = 0.33, p = 0.003, respectively) while a negative correlation was observed between galectin‐3 and albumin (r = −0.31, p = 0.006). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that galectin‐3 was an independent predictor of mortality in COVID‐19 patients (odds ratio [OR] = 2.272, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.106–4.667; p = 0.025). When the threshold value for galectin‐3 was regarded as 2.8 ng/ml, it was discovered to predict mortality with 80% sensitivity and 57% specificity (area under the curve = 0.738, 95% CI = 0.611–0.866, p = 0.002). Galectin‐3 might be a simple, useful, and prognostic biomarker that can be utilized to predict patients who are at high risk of mortality in severe COVID‐19 patients.
De‐internationalization: An organizational institutionalism perspective
Authors: Mandrinos Symeon , Lim Weng Marc 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFew studies have focused on de‐internationalization. In this study, partial and full de‐internationalization are considered as export responses in the context of firms in a highly opaque field that were pursuant to a policy that would not serve their intended goals. With intellectual property rights (IPRs) serving as a coercive policy defining the domain of inquiry and compliance as the driver for firm responses, the institutional logic of national interest, firm orientation (interests, decisions), firm maneuvering (intentional‐reactive, involuntary‐proactive), and firm response (partial and full de‐internationalization) was unpacked alongside associated institutional complexities through the lens of organizational institutionalism. Noteworthily, the organizational institutionalism theory of de‐internationalization suggests that (1)partial de‐internationalizationcharacterized by intentional‐reactive maneuvering across three variants of means‐ends decoupling involving balancing, pacifying, and bargaining, and (2)full de‐internationalizationinvolving involuntary‐proactive maneuvering in exiting or withdrawing from the international market may occur in response to (3)institutional constraintssuch as IPRs in favor of national interest. Thus, this study sheds light on the asymmetry between institutional logic and institutional complexity and the firm responses to such institutional arrangements, thereby delineating the manner in which the aforementioned concepts could relate to each other to enrich our understanding of de‐internationalization in international business.