bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seizure‐free days as a novel outcome in patients with Lennox–Gastaut syndrome: Post hoc analysis of patients receiving cannabidiol in two randomized controlled trials
Authors: Auvin Stéphane , Nortvedt Charlotte , Fuller Douglas S. , Sahebkar Farhad 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveIn this post hoc analysis, we aimed to assess seizure‐free days as a potential new outcome measure to use in randomized placebo‐controlled trials (RCTs) of patients with Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (LGS).MethodsIn two phase 3 RCTs (GWPCARE3, GWPCARE4), eligible patients were randomized to receive plant‐derived highly purified cannabidiol (CBD; Epidiolex® in the USA; 100 mg/mL oral solution) at 10 mg/kg/day (CBD10; GWPCARE3 only), at 20 mg/kg/day (CBD20), or matched placebo. The treatment period comprised a 2‐week dose titration and a 12‐week maintenance period. This post hoc analysis evaluated the least‐squares (LS) mean changes from baseline and difference versus placebo in the number of drop or total seizure‐free days per 28 days during the treatment period or maintenance period alone. LS mean changes were estimated using an analysis of covariance model, with categorical age and baseline number of drop or total seizure‐free days as covariates, and treatment group as a fixed factor.ResultsA total of 396 patients were included in this post hoc analysis. During the 14‐week treatment period, LS mean changes from baseline in number of drop seizure‐free days per 28 days for patients receiving placebo (n = 161), CBD10 (n = 73), and CBD20 (n = 162) were 2.81 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.75–3.88), 5.64 (95% CI = 4.08–7.20), and 6.45 (95% CI = 5.39–7.52), respectively. The LS mean differences in number of drop seizure‐free days versus placebo were 2.83 (95% CI = .98–4.68) for CBD10 and 3.64 (95% CI = 2.18–5.10) for CBD20. For total seizure‐free days, LS mean differences versus placebo were 2.63 (95% CI = .92–4.34) for CBD10 and 3.50 (95% CI = 2.16–4.85) for CBD20. The improvements from baseline in seizure‐free days during the maintenance period alone were similar to the entire treatment period.SignificanceDrop and total seizure‐free days represent potential new and clinically meaningful endpoints for future RCTs in patients with LGS.
A multimodal, comprehensive characterization of a cutaneous wound model in healthy volunteers
Authors: ten Voorde Wouter , Saghari Mahdi , Boltjes Jiry , de Kam Marieke L. , Zhuparris Ahnjili , Feiss Gary , Buters Thomas P. , Prens Errol P. , Damman Jeffrey , Niemeyer‐van der Kolk Tessa , Moerland Matthijs , Burggraaf Jacobus , van Doorn Martijn B. A. , Rissmann Robert 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDevelopment of pharmacological interventions for wound treatment is challenging due to both poorly understood wound healing mechanisms and heterogeneous patient populations. A standardized and well‐characterized wound healing model in healthy volunteers is needed to aid in‐depth pharmacodynamic and efficacy assessments of novel compounds. The current study aims to objectively and comprehensively characterize skin punch biopsy‐induced wounds in healthy volunteers with an integrated, multimodal test battery. Eighteen (18) healthy male and female volunteers received three biopsies on the lower back, which were left to heal without intervention. The wound healing process was characterized using a battery of multimodal, non‐invasive methods as well as histology and qPCR analysis in re‐excised skin punch biopsies. Biophysical and clinical imaging read‐outs returned to baseline values in 28 days. Optical coherence tomography detected cutaneous differences throughout the wound healing progression. qPCR analysis showed involvement of proteins, quantified as mRNA fold increase, in one or more healing phases. All modalities used in the study were able to detect differences over time. Using multidimensional data visualization, we were able to create a distinction between wound healing phases. Clinical and histopathological scoring were concordant with non‐invasive imaging read‐outs. This well‐characterized wound healing model in healthy volunteers will be a valuable tool for the standardized testing of novel wound healing treatments.
Phototesting in erythropoietic protoporphyria trials: A systematic review
Authors: Heerfordt Ida M. , Philipsen Peter A. , Lerche Catharina M. , Wulf Hans Christian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSevere skin pain when exposed to long wave ultraviolet radiation or visible light is the main symptom of erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP). Treatment options for EPP are inadequate and new treatments are needed but hampered by the lack of valid efficacy outcomes. Phototesting with well‐defined illumination of the skin can be performed reliably. We aimed to provide an overview of phototest procedures used to evaluate EPP treatments. Systematic searches of Embase, MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library were performed. Searches identified 11 studies using photosensitivity as efficacy outcome. The studies used eight different phototest protocols. Illuminations were performed with a filtered high‐pressure mercury arc, or a xenon arc lamp equipped with monochromator or filters. Some used broadband, others narrowband illumination. In all protocols phototests were performed on the hands or the back. Endpoints were minimal dose required to induce either first symptom of discomfort, erythema, urticaria or intolerable pain. Other endpoints were change in erythema intensity or diameter of any type of flare after exposure compared to before. In conclusion, protocols displayed extensive variability in illumination set‐up and evaluation of phototest reactions. Implementation of a standardized phototest method will allow more consistent and reliable outcome evaluation in future therapeutic research of protoporphyric photosensitivity.
Positive and negative family communication and mental distress: Married service members during a non‐combat deployment
Authors: Sullivan Kathrine , Park Yangjin , Kale Caroline N. , Adler Amy , Sipos Maurice L. , Riviere Lyndon A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study examines whether married service member perceptions of positive or negative communication moderate the relationship between how frequently they communicate home during a deployment and their mental distress. Participants included 382 married service members who completed surveys regarding their marital relationships, communication, and mental health while on a non‐combat deployment. Though marital satisfaction was not significantly associated with service member reports of their mental distress, perceptions of negative (β = 4.32, SE = 0.59, p < 0.001) and positive communication (β = −1.32, SE = 0.57, p < 0.05) were. Further, significant interactions between frequency of communication and the perception of negative (β = 0.54, SE = 0.13, p < 0.001) and positive (β = 0.17, SE = 0.07, p < 0.01) communication suggest positive communication may be protective for service members while frequent, negative communication can exacerbate distress. Findings highlight the importance of engaging families in planning and skill building to support healthy communication across the deployment cycle.
Intersectional power struggles in feminist movements: An analysis of resistance and counter‐resistance to intersectionality
Authors: Muñoz‐Puig Marina 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article develops an analytical framework to study the power struggles between majoritized women and minoritized women within feminist movements in relation to the adoption of intersectional practices. It employs a multi‐sided concept of power that takes domination and both individual and collective empowerment into consideration. The analytical framework encompasses the informal norms that foster resistance to intersectional practices by majoritized women, as well as the strategies and actions undertaken by minoritized women in order to challenge their subordination. The empirical analysis illustrates the mechanisms that create positions of marginalization among women, it stresses the role of the emotional dimension in transforming feminist practices, and it shows the importance of the intersectional wound. Moreover, in focusing on the processes that create difference, it avoids essentializing minoritized women. Building on interviews with activists from the Catalan feminist movement, the examination of intra‐movement power struggles considers multiple axes of inequality, including race, gender identity, sexuality, and ability.
Perception of PrEP‐related stigma in PrEP users: Results from the ANRS‐PREVENIR cohort
Authors: Protiere C. , Sagaon‐Teyssier L. , Donadille C. , Sow A. , Gaubert G. , Girard G. , Mora M. , Assoumou L. , Beniguel L. , Michels D. , Ghosn J. , Costagliola D. , Rojas Castro D. , Molina J.‐M. , Spire B. ,   ANRS PREVENIR Study‐Group
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionSince the advent of HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), stigma has been shown to be a major barrier to its uptake and adherence. It is therefore essential to define the proportion of users who consider that PrEP can negatively impact their image and the factors associated with this perception.MethodWe performed a multivariable logistic regression on data from the 2567 participants in the ANRS‐PREVENIR study who answered the outcome question.ResultsAlmost one‐third of the sample (comprising mostly cisgender men who have sex with men [94.3%]) considered that taking PrEP could give others a negative image of them. Younger participants (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.97–0.99) and more psychologically vulnerable participants (i.e., lower self‐esteem score [aOR 0.98; 95% CI 0.96–0.99] and higher depression score [aOR 1.02; 95% CI 1.00–1.03]) were also more likely to have this perception. In contrast, participants encouraged to take PrEP by their main partner (aOR 0.67; 95% CI 0.51–0.88) and friends (aOR 0.79; 95% CI 0.66–0.95), and those who protected themselves more because they had knowledge of their most recent sexual partner's HIV status (aOR 0.83; 95% CI 0.69–0.99) and systematic use of PrEP and/or condoms during intercourse in the previous 3 months (aOR 0.80; 95% CI 0.67–0.96) were less likely to have this perception.DiscussionGiven the strong interrelation between stigmatization (real or perceived), risky behaviours and adherence, our results emphasize the need for HIV prevention campaigns to promote a positive image of PrEP users. They also show that stigmatization and its effects need to be fully considered to improve HIV prevention offers to current and potential PrEP users who are most likely to be psychologically vulnerable.
High damage tolerant Al2O3 composite ceramics constructed with short Al2O3 fibers
Authors: Lv Huanxiang , Zhou Qi , Su Yunfeng , Chen Shuna , Fan Hengzhong , Song Junjie , Zhang Yongsheng , Hu Litian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe catastrophic fracture characteristics of ceramic materials have become one of the most serious factors limiting their application in critical areas, as a result, it is urgent to overcome the brittleness and improve the damage tolerance of ceramic materials. Herein, a series of Al2O3 composite ceramics developed with short Al2O3 fibers and a compound interface phase composed of Al2O3 and h‐BN powders, followed by investigating their fracture behaviors and damage tolerance. Results show that these composites present progressive fracture manners with the rising resistance curve (R‐curve) behaviors, and the maximum crack growth toughness of the sample with 15% compound interface phase reaches above 10 MPa·m1/2 (135% increase with respect to the reference alumina). Meanwhile, the composite ceramic exhibits an excellent ability to resist catastrophic failure with a large critical crack size (105.47 ± 19.11 μm) and high damage tolerance parameter (0.71 ± 0.06 m1/2), which are close to 14.57 times and 5.92 times higher than those of the reference alumina. The superior performances are mainly attributed to the precise combination of compound interface phase for inducing crack and interlocking Al2O3 fibers for load capacity.
Physicochemical and microstructural properties of edible film simulating the cell wall of wheat aleurone and its regulation of post‐harvest apricot moisture
Authors: Ge Minghui , Ying Ruifeng , Huang Meigui 
Published: April 2023

SummaryPost‐harvest apricot fruits are susceptible to moisture loss and disease leading to quality deterioration. Herein, we identified that the cell wall of the wheat grain regulated the hydration properties of grains. Arabinoxylan/β‐glucan/ferulic acid/cellulose (ABF‐C) composite films simulating the cell wall of the wheat aleurone layer were prepared and showed excellent thermodynamic properties and hydration properties. Meanwhile, the decay percentage, weight loss percentage and respiration intensity of apricot fruits at 35 days of storage were greatly decreased by 23.5%, 23.93% and 39.95%, respectively, and the shelf life of apricot fruits was extended by 7 days after the coating ABF‐8%C composite film treatment. The ABF‐C composite films effectively prevented the dissipation of moisture of high mobility in apricot fruits during storage. We provide new insight into moisture regulation mechanism of edible films simulating cell wall structure on post‐harvest fruits.
An assessment of the current epidemiological and laboratory capacities for influenza‐like illnesses and severe acute respiratory infection surveillance, Yemen 2022
Authors: Al‐Waleedi Ali A. , Thabet Ahmed A. , bin Azoon Nasreen , Dandarwe Adham , Al‐Amoudi Abed Salem , Al‐Gailani Amar , Atef Bakil 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWe aim to re‐activate influenza sentinel surveillance system in Yemen after disruption related to repurposing for COVID‐19 pandemic. WHO Country Office (CO) in collaboration with Yemen's Ministry of Public Health and Population (MOPH&P) jointly conducted an assessment mission to assess the current situation of the influenza sentinel surveillance system and assess its capacity to detect influenza epidemics and monitor trends in circulating influenza and other respiratory viruses of epidemic and pandemic potential. This study presents the results of the assessment for three sentinel sites located in Aden, Taiz, and Hadramout/Mukalla.MethodologyA mixed methods approach was used to guide the assessment process and to help achieve the objectives. Data were collected as follows: desk review of the sentinel sites records and data; interviews with stakeholders, including key informants and partners; and direct observation through field visits to the sentinel sites, MOPH&P and the Central Public Health Laboratory (CPHL). Two assessment checklists were used: assessment of sentinel sites for SARI surveillance, and checklist for assessment of availability of SARI sentinel surveillance.Results and ConclusionCOVID‐19 has affected health systems and services, and this was demonstrated in this assessment. The influenza sentinel surveillance system in Yemen is not effectively functional; however, there is plenty of room for improvement if investment in the system's restructuring, training, building technical and laboratory capacities, and conducting continuous and regular supervision visits.
Liquidity creation channel of monetary policy transmission in India: Do bank characteristics matter?1
Authors: Ansari Md Gyasuddin , Sensarma Rudra 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the effect of monetary policy on liquidity creation (LC) by banks in India. We also study the role of bank characteristics in the transmission of monetary policy to LC. We apply static and dynamic panel regressions to bank‐level data from India, spanning the period 1999–2020. We find a negative impact of monetary policy tightening on total as well as on‐balance sheet LC. We also find that the capital, size and profit of banks support the monetary policy transmission to LC. Finally, the LC channel seems to operate for both public sector and private sector banks. Our findings suggest that the monetary policy authority must closely monitor bank‐level characteristics to improve the efficacy of the LC channel of monetary policy.
THE CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH HIV INFECTION AND AIDS
Authors: Barton S E 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARY The clinician is faced with a number of problems when treating patients infected with the human immunodeficiency (HIV) virus. Firstly, there is a lack of accurate data on the numbers of people infected by the HIV virus and uncertainty as to the natural history of the infection. This limits the ability to plan health care strategies for the future. Secondly, it is difficult to encompass detailed knowledge of the variety of illnesses which occur in patients with HIV infection and AIDS and the even broader range of therapies and outcomes reported in the literature. Thirdly, the clinician has to keep pace with the rapidly changing nature of the models for HIV pathogenesis and possible therapeutic interventions.However, despite these gaping holes in our knowledge, the main message of this clinical review is that a general awareness of the wide spectrum of conditions associated with HIV infection, coupled with a well organised, multidisciplinary and pragmatic approach, will provide the patients with the best chance of being correctly diagnosed and treated. Furthermore, it must be remembered that, while seeking scientific knowledge and experimenting for a cure, AIDS remains a universally fatal condition. It is essential that palliative care is available alongside and within facilities which are providing potentially curative clinical drug trials. It is equally vital that the patients be given autonomy in deciding which of these aspects of care they choose at any time. Such an approach, and the experience of caring for patients with HIV infection who pass from apparent health to fatal disease, will continue to test the skills and reserves of physicians well into the next century.
CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Maisey M , Jeffery P 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARY Positron emission tomography (PET) has been used extensively as a research tool in the investigation of human physiology and pathology for over a decade. By labelling suitable compounds (for example, glucose, amino acids, ammonia, DOPAor drugs) with positron emitting isotopes which are then administered in tracer amounts, the blood flow, metabolism and even the cell receptor or neurotransmitter distributions may be assessed in vivo. Advances in PET technology and experience now make PET a powerful clinical diagnostic tool, enabling investigation of disease at a molecular level, even in the absence of anatomical abnormalities apparent on computerised tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Clinical PET is already utilised in the management of patients with epilepsy, cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease, dementia and a wide variety of oncological applications. PET will become more widely available shortly in the UK, with the opening of centres such as the Guy's and St Thomas's Clinical PET Centre in 1992. It will therefore become increasingly important that clinicians are aware of those specific areas in which PET may be the investigation of choice to optimise patient diagnosis, treatment and/or follow‐up.This review will endeavour to explain briefly the principles of the PET technique, and then outline those areas where PET has already had an impact on patient management in comparison with the more widely available diagnostic tests, finally outlining promising areas where PET may become more clinically useful in the future.
RENAL ANGIOMYOLIPOMA: DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT
Authors: Parry G W , McWilliam J , Ragoonan C , Harvey J S 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARY Non‐traumatic retroperitoneal haemorrhage is uncommon, and the diagnosis is often difficult. However, such bleeding is frequently renal in origin, and most commonly arises from renal neoplasia, benign or malignant.We present two cases of bleeding renal angiomyolipomata, review the literature on the subject and consider options for diagnosis and treatment.
Saline stress affects the growth of Saccharum complex genotypes
Authors: Simões Welson Lima , de Oliveira Anderson Ramos , Tardin Flávio Dessaune , de Oliveira Cíntia Patrícia Martins , de Morais Lizz Kezzy , Teodoro Larissa Pereira Ribeiro , Teodoro Paulo Eduardo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSoil salinity affects plant growth, compromising sugarcane cultivation in regions with great production potential. Saccharum complex genotypes that respond positively to growth under saline environment can be used in the diversification of sugarcane cultivars to obtain greater economic returns. The objective of this study was to evaluate growth‐related traits of Saccharum genotypes grown under the presence and absence of salinity. The experiment was carried out in a 32 × 2 factorial scheme in a randomized block design with three replicates. The first factor consisted of 32 genotypes of the Saccharum complex and the second factor consisted of the presence and absence of salinity. The salinity provided higher mean values than the environment without salinity for plant height in the genotypes G9, G11, G13, G22 and G28, leaf number for G9 and G24, leaf area index for G9 and stem diameter for G1, G11 and G24. Among the genotypes tested, G1, G9, G11, G13, G22, G24 and G28 were the most promising genotypes and could be used for breeding new sugarcane cultivars of enhanced salinity tolerance.
Current services and outcomes of formerly institutionalised and never‐institutionalised US adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Stancliffe Roger J. , Tichá Renáta , Pettingell Sandra L. , Houseworth James , Bershadsky Julie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundDeinstitutionalization research shows better services and outcomes relative to institutional life but has not compared formerly institutionalised and never‐institutionalised service users.MethodsWe used propensity score matching (PSM) to match formerly institutionalised and never‐institutionalised participants on six personal characteristics. Data came from the 2018 to 2019 National Core Indicators In‐Person Survey. We excluded current institution residents, and states with 25% + of missing data on former institutionalisation.ResultsOverall, 15.5% of participants in the 29‐state full sample had lived in an institution for 1 year or more. Findings from the PSM sample showed that former‐institution residents were more likely to use congregate living arrangements and less likely to live with family. They experienced more loneliness, less support‐related choice, and had a consistent pattern of disability service‐focused social connections.ConclusionsMany former institution residents remain disadvantaged relative to matched peers. There is a need to identify factors to enhance services and outcomes following deinstitutionalization.