bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Basilea rabbit immunoglobulins: detection and characterization by specific alloantiserum.
Authors: Good P W , Notenboom R , Dubiski S , Cinader B 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Evidence is provided for the existence of the Fbbas (Basilea) gene product (allotype). Specific antisera were raised by immunization of rabbits that did not possess the Basilea genes. With the help of these antisera, the Basilea allotype was detected in sera from rabbits, homozygous and heterozygous with respect to Basilea gene. The Basilea gene is expressed on a very low proportion of immunoglobulin molecules. The isoelectric point of the Basilea light chains is distinct from that of the lambda-light chains (peaks at pH 4.7 and 5.5, respectively). Sera from a large proportion of Ab9-positive rabbits of the Basel Institute for Immunology that were heterozygous at the Ab locus reacted with the anti-Basilea serum, even though they could no possess the Basilea gene at the Ab locus. Sera from Ab9-positive rabbits from Toronto were Basilea-negative. It was suggested that Ab9 and Basilea allotypes are controlled at closely linked loci. Ab9 haplotype prevalent in the Basel animal colony, possesses both Ab9 and Basilea genes, whereas the corresponding Toronto haplotype has only the Ab9, but not Basilea gene. The formation of the Basilea genotype was attributed to a crossing over, during which the Ab9 and Basilea genes separated.
Host defenses in experimental scrub typhus: mapping the gene that controls natural resistance in mice.
Authors: Groves M G , Rosenstreich D L , Taylor B A , Osterman J V 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Natural resistance of mice to lethal ifections of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, strain Gilliam, is controlled by a single, autosomal, dominant gene, which we have designated Ric, with r and s representing the resistant nd susceptible alleles, respectively. Using three sets of recombinant inbred mouse strains (BXD, BXH, and BXJ), the Ric locus was mapped to Chromosome 5 closely linked to the retinal degeneration (rd) locus. This linkage was confirmed by a backcross analysis. Based on the RI strains and the C57BL/6Ty-le congenic strain (the only proven Ric-rd cross-over), we estimate the recombination frequency between Ric and rd to be 0.015. Three presumptive Ric-rd recombinants detected among 93 backcross mice may represent caes of incomplete penetrance of the resistance allele rather than recombination. Analyis of th C57BL/6JTy-le congenic strain indicates that Ric is proximal to rd on Chromosome 5. If so, the correct gene order is Pgm-1-W-Ric-rd-Gus.
A monoclonal antiidiotypic antibody to MOPC 315 IgA inhibits the growth of MOPC 315 myeloma cells in vitro.
Authors: Mahony J , Bose A , Cowdrey D , Nusair T , Lei M , Harris J , Marks A , Baumal R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with MOPC 315 IgA were fused with P3X63/Ag8 myeloma cells. Hybrid clones were screened for antibody production by a plate-binding radioimmunoassay in which MOPC 315 IgA was reacted with culture supernatants and 125I-protein A. One antibody-producing hybridoma clone (D10) was selected and injected i.p. into BALB/c mice. Ascitic fluid of tum or-bearing animals reacted specifically with MOPC 315 IgA and the reaction was inhibited by DNP- aminocaproic acid, indicating that the monoclonal antibody was directed against the hapten-binding site of MOPC 315 IgA. The monoclonal antiidiotypic antibody was of the complement (C)-binding IgG2a subclass and inhibited IgA production and growth of MOPC 315 cells in vitro in the presence of guinea pig C, as assessed by inhibition of formation of plaques and colonies by MOPC 315 cells in agar.
Use of monoclonal antibody to immunochemically characterize variant-specific surface coat glycoprotein from Trypanosoma rhodesiense.
Authors: Lyon J A , Pratt J M , Travis R W , Doctor B P , Olenick J G 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies were employed to study the molecular basis for charge heterogeneity in variant-specific surface coat glycoprotein prepared from clone CP3B4 of the Wellcome strain of Trypanosoma rhodesiense. Thirteen hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies specific for CP3B4 were obtained by fusing murine plasmacytoma cells to spleen cells from mice immunized with purified surface coat glycoprotein. The clone population of CP3B4 trypanosomes was shown to be homogeneous by means of immunofluorescent assays using culture supernatants from each of the 13 hybridomas. No cross-reactivity was found with other variant antigenic types of the same serodeme. Ascitic fluids were generated from 4 of the hybridomas and th molecular and epitopic specificities of the fluids or their IgG fractions were determined isoelectrofocusing of immunoprecipitates of radioiodinated glycoprotein antigen followed by autoradiography revealed that all 3 major components of the charge heterogeneous CP3B4 surface-coat glycoprotein were immunoprecipitated by each of the 4 monoclonal IgG fractions. Immunofluorescent staining of live trypanosomes was obtained with only one of the 4 ascitic fluids. The results show that charge heterogeneity does not derive from a heterogeneous population of parasites. Furthermore, the data indicate that there are at least 2 different epitopic specificities exhibited by the monoclonal antibodies tested and that each of the 3 charge heterogeneous components of the surface coat glycoprotein contains these epitopes. Charge heterogeneity of CP3B4 surface coat glycoprotein may be attributed to post-translational modification or to limited proteolysis.
Regulation of clones responding to dextran B1355S. II. Response of T-dependent and T-independent precursors.
Authors: Ward R , Kohler H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The existence of precursors for TI and TD alpha 1 leads to 3 dextran antigens in BALB/c mice was demonstrated. A T-dependent dextran antigen was prepared by coupling dextran B1355S to hemocyanin and subsequent digestion with dextranase. The PFC response of BALB/c mice primed with hemocyanin to dextran-hemocyanin was found to be 8 times higher than in unprimed animals. The splenic focus assay was adapted for the analysis of precursors responding to T-dependent and T-independent dextran antigens. Pretreatment of recipients with anti-thymocyte serum abolished the response in fragment cultures to dextran-hemocyanin but did not affect the response to dextran B1355S. The frequencies of precursors in the adult BALB/c mouse responding to dextran and dextran-hemocyanin were determined by limiting dilution analysis. The frequency of T-dependent precursors was found to be almost 3 times greater than the frequency of T-independent precursors.
Biosynthesis and cell surface localization of nonglycosylated human histocompatibility antigens.
Authors: Ploegh H L , Orr H T , Stominger J L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The effects of the inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation, tunicamycin, on the synthesis of HLA-A and -B antigens in the human lymphoblastoid cell line JY are described. HLA-A and -B antigens are membrane glycoproteins that consist of a two chain complex, the heavy chain being glycosylated at Asn 86, whereas the light chain, identical to beta 2-microglobulin, is not glycosylated. HLA-A and -B antigens synthesized in the presence of the antibiotic are devoid of carbohydrate. This lack of carbohydrate does not affect the association of the heavy and light chains, nor does it affect the reactivity with human alloantisera, or a mouse monoclonal antibody W6/32, that reacts with all HLA-A and -B specificities examined so far. Nonglycosylated HLA-A and -B antigens are no more susceptible to proteolysis with trypsin, chymotrypsin, or papain than their fully glycosylated counterparts. Thus it may be concluded that the carbohydrate side chains of HLA-A and -B antigens do not contribute significantly to the conformation of HLA-A and -B antigens, at least as measured by these procedures. Pulse-chase experiments, in conjunction with the isolation of cell-surface HLA-A and -B antigens by adsorbing the monoclonal antibody W6/32 to intact cells, indicate that nonglycosylated molecules reach the cell surface at a rate indistinguishable from that of fully glycosylated molecules (although the absolute amount synthesized in the presence of tunicamycin was decreased). Thus glycosylation is also not required for membrane insertion of HLA antigens, nor for their subsequent transport to the cell surface.
Antigen presentation by guinea pig alveolar macrophages.
Authors: Lipscomb M F , Toews G B , Lyons C R , Uhr J W 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The role of alveolar macrophages (M phi) in the induction of immune responses within the lung was investigated. Guinea pig alveolar M phi obtained from bronchoalveolar cells (BAC) were found to function as well as peritoneal exudate M phi in supporting proliferation of purified lymph node lymphocytes (LNL) induced by both soluble antigens and mitogen (Con A). Several lines of evidence indicate that the alveolar M phi is an effective antigen-presenting cell. 1) Washed alveolar M phi, previously "pulsed" with antigen, replaced both soluble antigen and BAC in the stimulation of immune LNL. 2) The interaction of alveolar M phi, over 80% of which were Ia positive, with lymphocytes was genetically restricted, i.e., only antigen-pulsed alveolar M phi that shared I region-encoded antigens with the antigen-specific T lymphocytes stimulated their proliferation. Furthermore, removal of Ia-positive alveolar M phi abrogated this response. 3) Antigen-pulsed alveolar M phi specifically bound immune T lymphocytes. In contrast, no evidence was obtained for immunosuppression by alveolar M phi. Thus, alveolar M phi failed to suppress specific LNL proliferation even at ratios of alveolar M phi to LNL of greater than 20:1, ratios that often exist locally within the lung. The possible role of antigen-bearing alveolar M phi in inducing local immunity and also in focusing a systemic response are discussed.
Inhibition of murine humoral immune responses by substances derived from trypanosomes.
Authors: Albright J W , Albright J F 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Previous studies of depressed immune responses in mice infected with the mouse-specific Trypanosoma musculi have produced no evidence of major involvement of typical suppressor lymphocytes or macrophages. We continue this line of investigation in the present report by demonstrating that: a) T. musculi strongly suppress the responses of nude mouse spleen cells to the T-independent antigen, TNP-LPS; b) spleen cell preparations of infected mice display a substantial proportion of cells bearing trypanosome-derived substances (TDS) demonstrable by specific rabbit antibody against T. musculi (RATS); c) treatment of spleen cells from infected mice with RATS plus C eliminates the inhibitory effect of these spleen cells on the immune responses of co-cultivated normal spleen cells; d) incubation in vitro of normal spleen cells with an extract of T. musculi results in progressive loss of the cells to respond to antigens and, in addition, confers on the treated cells to respond to antigens and, in addition, confers on the treated cells the property of inhibiting the responses of co-cultivated normal spleen cells; e) T. lewisi, the rat-specific trypanosome, fails to inhibit murine immune responses. We conclude that the immunoinhibitory effects of T. musculi on murine immune responses are associated with the cytophilic binding of TDS (possibly in the form of immune complexes) and that this vigorous mechanism of inhibition will be shown to involve nonspecific mitogenic and/or biosynthetic activation of lymphocytes.
Continuous cytotoxic T cell lines reactive against murine plasmacytoma tumor-associated antigens.
Authors: Giorgi J V , Warner N L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Continuous cytotoxic T cell lines against murine tumor-associated antigens (TAA) were generated from normal BALB/c and (C57BL/6 X BALB/c)F1 spleen lymphocytes by sensitizing these cells in vitro to the BALB/c plasmacytoma (PCT) MPC-11. These cytotoxic T cell lines (CTLL) were maintained for periods of over 1 yr in T cell growth factor from cultures of mitogen-stimulated rat spleen cells. The lines were highly cytotoxic against the immunizing tumor, as well as against a select number of other tumor cell lines, and the patterns of reactivity of 3 of these lines against the various tumor cell targets indicated that these lines each recognized different PCT TAA. The antigens recognized included an MHC-restricted PCT antigen, an antigen shared by PCT and T lymphomas, and an MPC-11 unique PCT antigen. phenotypic characterization of the CTLL populations for cell surface marker expression indicated that they were largely homogeneous with respect to their differentiation state, and expressed Thy-1.2, Lyt-2, Lyt-3.2, and T30 antigens on their cell surface. In addition, 1 of the lines demonstrated variable low-level expression of Lyt-1. Thus, the populations were characteristics of mature T cells, and did not express cell surface markers characteristic of other lymphocyte subpopulations.
Interferon-induced resistance of fibroblasts to cytolysis mediated by natural killer cells: specificity and mechanism.
Authors: Trinchieri G , Granato D , Perussia B 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Interferons (IF) have been shown to have a complex regulatory effect on cell-mediated cytotoxicity. In this paper, we described our analysis of the protective effect of IF on human fibroblast target cells. Fibroblasts that have been preincubated with IF are not lysed by natural killer (NK) cells. This IF-induced protection is not observed in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity nor in complement-dependent lysis. Both types of leukocyte IF, viral and immune, and fibroblast IF protect fibroblasts from NK cell-mediated lysis. Electrophoretically purified viral type leukocyte IF also induces protection. Experiments of absorption of NK cells on target cell monolayers and analysis of cytotoxicity at the single-cell level in semisolid medium demonstrate that NK cells bind to both IF-treated and untreated fibroblasts but lyse only the latter. The cytotoxic ability of NK cells is inactivated after interaction with fibroblasts but not with IF-treated fibroblasts. Unlabeled normal fibroblasts, but not IF-treated fibroblasts, compete for the cytotoxicity mediated by NK cells on 51Cr-labeled target fibroblasts. Based on these findings, we propose a possible interpretation of the paradoxic existence of cells that can kill normal cells in the organism and still function in cell-mediated immunity to protect against virus-infected or tumor cells.
Detection of hybrid (combinatorial) Ia antigens using parent anti-F1 sera.
Authors: Yokota S , Lafuse W P , McCormick J F , David C S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Ia specificities 22 and 23 were initially identified by using conventional alloantisera and were mapped to the I-E subregion of k and d haplotypes on the basis of their reactivity with selected recombinants. Recently we found that Ia 22 and 23 are hybrid determinants on the basis of their expression on selected F1 cells, but absence from both parental cells. Initial attempts to detect hybrid Ia antigens by immunizing parents with F1 cells were unsuccessful. By utilizing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated F1 spleen lymphoblasts as immunogens, 1 of the parents as recipient and the other parent cells for absorption of antisera, specific anti-Ia.22 and 23 antibodies were produced. The specificity of these parent anti-F1 sera was confirmed by cytotoxic and immunoprecipitation analyses.
Subpopulations of the T4+ inducer T cell subset in man: evidence for an amplifier population preferentially expressing Ia antigen upon activation.
Authors: Reinherz E L , Morimoto C , Penta A C , Schlossman S F 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Prior studies demonstrated that Ia molecules were expressed on a fraction of human peripheral T4+ inducer cells upon stimulation by soluble antigen. In the present study, we utilized a fluorescence-activated cell sorter to separate antigen-activated T4+,Ia+ and T4+,Ia- populations and characterized their function. It was found that the T4+,Ia+ population contained the majority of proliferating T cells as assessed by tritiated thymidine incorporation. This proliferation largely appeared to be nonspecific. Despite macrophage repletion, elimination of the Ia+ subset of T cells with monoclonal anti-Ia antibody and complement treatment equally diminished subsequent proliferation to both the triggering antigen and an unrelated antigen. Moreover, the antigen-induced Ia+ subset of T cells alone produced a nonspecific helper factor, LMF. In contrast, the the T4+,Ia- population showed minimal proliferation to soluble antigen and did not generate LMF. Nevertheless, both T4+,Ia+ and T4+,Ia- inducer T cells were required to generate maximal immunoglobulin production by B cells in an antigen-driven system. We conclude that the human T4+ inducer T cell subset is comprised of at least 2 functionally distinct subpopulations, which are capable of acting in a synergistic fashion to provide help to B cells.
The role of immunoglobulins in alternative complement pathway activation by zymosan. I. Human IgG with specificity for Zymosan enhances alternative pathway activation by zymosan.
Authors: Schenkein H A , Ruddy S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Prior absorption of normal human serum (NHS) or C2-deficient human serum (C2D) with zymosan at 0 degrees C results in diminished consumption of C3 and factor B during subsequent incubation of the sera in Mg-EGTA buffer with zymosan at 37 degrees C for 30 min. An acid eluate from the zymosan restores the defect of absorbed NHS and C2D, and also enhances C3 and factor B utilization in hypogammaglobulinemic serum (H gamma S) in a dose-dependent fashion. The activity is specific in that the eluate from zymosan fails to enhance C3 and B depletion in H gamma S or absorbed NHS by lipopolysaccharide or Sepharose. The active component of th zymosan eluate emerges from both Sepharose 4B and Sephacryl S-200 in the region of molecules with m.w. of 150,000. Absorption with protein A-Sepharose removes the activity, demonstrating that it is IgG. Digestion of the IgG with pepsin fails to diminish activity, indicating that the Fc region is not required for activity; reduction to monovalent Fab' fragments, however, abrogates activity. When IgG antibody is bound to Protein A-Sepharose, it fails to enhance C3 depletion in H gamma S by Sepharose, indicating that binding of IgG antibody by the Fab region is necessary for enhancement of alternative pathway activity in human serum.
Murine T cell lines that help induction and generation of allospecific cytotoxic T cells from thymocytes.
Authors: Narimatsu H , Saito K 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Murine T cell lines that help induction and generation of allospecific cytotoxic T cells (CTL) from thymocytes cultured together with allogeneic stimulator cells have been established. It was done by successively culturing T cell blasts obtained from mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) in the medium supplemented with T cell growth factor (TCGF). The helper function of the long-term cultured T cells was antigen specific, radiation resistant, and not H-2 restricted. The helper function has been retained for more than 8 mo by the cells continually proliferating in the TCGF-supplemented medium. The T stimulated responsiveness of thymocytes to T cell mitogens. CTL activity seen in the original MLC waned rapidly during successive culture of this T cell line in TCGF medium T cell blasts from MLC successively cultured in continual presence of TCGF and the stimulator alloantigens retained strong CTL activity against the allogeneic stimulator cells for about 3 mo. All these T cell lines proliferating in TCGF medium expressed Thy 1 antigen and showed the appearance of a large T cell blast. These T cell lines could not proliferate in the absence of TCGF and lost responsiveness to T cell mitogens intrinsically.
Immunoregulatory plasma low density lipoprotein: the biologic activity and receptor-binding specificity is independent of neutral lipids.
Authors: Curtiss L K , Edgington T S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A normal human plasma low density lipoprotein subfraction (LDL-In), recovered within the intermediate density lipoprotein subclass of density range 1.006 to 1.019 g/ml, has previously been demonstrated to bind to a specific cell surface receptor independent of the LDL receptor and to regulate inductive events in the triggering of lymphocytes. The constituents of LDL-In that are responsible for the biologic activity and receptor-binding specificity were examined with respect to the role of sterols and other neutral lipids. Partial delipidization of LDL-In with heptane in the presence of starch permitted selective extraction of greater than 98% of the neutral lipids from the native lipoprotein particle. These partially delipidated polar lipid:protein particles were compared with native LDL-In with respect to charge, apoprotein content, suppressive activity for lymphocytes, and specific binding to the lymphocyte LDL-In receptor. The cholesterol- and glyceride-depleted LDL-In retained all characteristics of the native lipoprotein. These observations indicate that the interaction of LDL-In particles with the lymphocyte and the suppression of lymphocyte function are independent of the neutral lipid content of this bioregulatory lipoprotein, and that mechanisms other than cholesterol loading of the cell or sterol exchange with the plasma membrane must be operative.
Immune response gene control of determinant selection. III. Polypeptide fragments of insulin are differentially recognized by T but not by B cells in insulin immune guinea pigs.
Authors: Thomas J W , Danho W , Bullesbach E , Föhles J , Rosenthal A S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Synthetic polypeptides corresponding to restricted regions of the B chain of insulin were used to evaluate immune response gene control of guinea pigs immune to native insulin. The amino acids necessary for recall of immune memory were assessed at the level of the T cell by use of peptides 8 to 16 amino acids in length, representative of the amino terminus of the insulin B chain to induce antigen-specific proliferation and help for antibody formation. A single histidine residue in the 10th position of the B chain is critical for T cell activation. In addition, immune response genes operating in the macrophage discern the presence or absence of this residue and activate the appropriate T cell clones. Although receptor V region sharing may exist for T and B cells immune to globular proteins, it cannot be demonstrated by antigen specificity, since T proliferation and generation of T helper cells in response to intact insulin can be elicited by synthetic fragments that do not correspondingly induce antibodies that recognize the native molecule.
T cell hybridoma-derived regulatory factors. I. Production of T cell growth factor following stimulation by concanavalin A.
Authors: Schrader J W , Clark-Lewis I 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A cloned T cell hybridoma (123) was shown to produce T cell growth factor (TCGF). Supernatants of cultures of hybridoma-123 that had been stimulated with concanavalin A caused T cell blasts or a cloned T cell line to proliferate, allowed a mitogenic response to concanavalin A by thymocytes and by lymph-node cells depleted of accessory cells by treatment with anti-Ia serum and complement, and permitted the generation of both polyclonal and antigen-stimulated cytotoxic T lymphocytes in cultures of thymus cells. These observations suggest that the hybridoma is producing a factor with an identical spectrum of activities to that associated with TCGF derived from mitogen-stimulated spleen cells and indicate that the T cell is the source of TCGF. Together with other evidence that the same hybridoma produces activity affecting B lymphocytes, myeloid progenitor cells, and pluripotential stem cells, these experiments confirm the role of the activated T cell as a regulator of hemopoietic and lymphoid systems. T cell hybridomas should prove invaluable for biochemical and genetic analysis of these factors.