bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying biomarkers of treatment response to ciclosporin in atopic dermatitis through multiomic predictive modelling: DERMATOMICS study protocol
Authors: Marín-Candón Alicia , García-García Irene , Arias Pedro , Carcas Antonio J , Díaz-García Lucía , Feltes Ochoa Rosa , Hernández Cano Natalia , Herranz Pinto Pedro , Jiménez González María , López -Granados Eduardo , Martínez-Feito Ana , Mayor-Ibarguren Ander , Rosas-Alonso Rocío , Seco-Meseguer Enrique , Borobia Alberto M 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionThere is a need to optimise the management of atopic dermatitis (AD), improving the efficacy of treatments and reducing the toxicity associated with them. Although the efficacy of ciclosporine (CsA) in the treatment of AD has been thoroughly documented in the literature, the optimal dose has not been yet established. The use of multiomic predictive models of treatment response could optimise CsA therapy in AD.Methods and analysisThe study is a low-intervention phase 4 trial to optimise the treatment of patients with moderate-severe AD requiring systemic treatment. The primary objectives are to identify biomarkers that could allow for the selection of responders and non-responders to first-line treatment with CsA and to develop a response prediction model to optimise the CsA dose and treatment regimen in responding patients based on these biomarkers. The study is divided into two cohorts: the first comprised of patients starting treatment with CsA (cohort 1), and the second, of patients already receiving or who have received CsA therapy (cohort 2).Ethics and disseminationThe study activities began following authorisation by the Spanish Regulatory Agency (AEMPS) and the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of La Paz University Hospital approval. Trial results will be submitted for publication in an open access peer-reviewed medical speciality-specific publication.Trial registration of this study can be located at the EU Clinical Trials Register, available fromhttps://euclinicaltrials.eu/search-for-clinical-trials/?lang=en. Our clinical trial was registered in the website before the enrolment of the first patient complying with European regulations. EU Clinical Trials Register is a primary registry according the WHO. Once our trial was included in a primary and official registry, in order to extend the accessibility to our research, we also registered it retrospectively in clinicaltrials.gov; however, this is not mandatory as per our regulation.Trial registration numberNCT05692843.
Comorbidities in children with cerebral palsy: a single-centre cross-sectional hospital-based study from India
Authors: Viswanath Maya , Jha Ruchika , Gambhirao Ankita Dilip , Kurup Arjun , Badal Sachendra , Kohli Sarvesh , Parappil Parvathi , John Biju M , Adhikari Krishna Moorthi , Kovilapu Uday Bhanu , Sondhi Vishal 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveTo describe the comorbidities in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and determine the characteristics associated with different impairments.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingTertiary care referral centre in India.PatientsBetween April 2018 and May 2022, all children aged 2–18 years with a confirmed diagnosis of CP were enrolled by systematic random sampling. Data on antenatal, birth and postnatal risk factors, clinical evaluation and investigations (neuroimaging and genetic/metabolic workup) were recorded.Main outcome measuresPrevalence of the co-occurring impairments was determined using clinical evaluation or investigations as indicated.ResultsOf the 436 children screened, 384 participated (spastic CP=214 (55.7%) (spastic hemiplegic=52 (13.5%); spastic diplegia=70 (18.2%); spastic quadriplegia=92 (24%)), dyskinetic CP=58 (15.1%) and mixed CP=110 (28.6%)). A primary antenatal/perinatal/neonatal and postneonatal risk factor was identified in 32 (8.3%), 320 (83.3%) and 26 (6.8%) patients, respectively. Prevalent comorbidities (the test used) included visual impairment (clinical assessment and visual evoked potential)=357/383(93.2%), hearing impairment (brainstem-evoked response audiometry)=113 (30%), no understanding of any communication (MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory)=137 (36%), cognitive impairment (Vineland scale of social maturity)=341 (88.8%), severe gastrointestinal dysfunction (clinical evaluation/interview)=90 (23%), significant pain (non-communicating children’s pain checklist)=230 (60%), epilepsy=245 (64%), drug-resistant epilepsy=163 (42.4%), sleep impairment (Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire)=176/290(60.7%) and behavioural abnormalities (Childhood behaviour checklist)=165 (43%). Overall, hemiparetic and diplegic CP and Gross Motor Function Classification System ≤3 were predictive of lesser co-occurring impairment.ConclusionCP children have a high burden of comorbidities, which increase with increasing functional impairment. This calls for urgent actions to prioritise opportunities to prevent risk factors associated with CP and organise existing resources to identify and manage co-occurring impairments.Trial registration numberCTRI/2018/07/014819.
Treatment patterns in paediatric and adult patients with SLE: a retrospective claims database study in the USA
Authors: Brunner Hermine I , Vadhariya Aisha , Dickson Christina , Crandall Wallace , Kar-Chan Choong Casey , Birt Julie A , Ruperto Nicolino , Ramanan Athimalaipet V 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveTo assess real-world treatment regimens and patterns in childhood-onset SLE (cSLE) and adult-onset SLE (aSLE) cohorts, including similarities in treatments, duration of use and adherence.MethodsThis retrospective study utilised data from Merative L.P. MarketScan Research Databases (USA). Index date was the date of first SLE diagnosis (2010–2019). Patients aged <18 years (cSLE) and ≥18 years (aSLE) at index date with confirmed SLE diagnosis and ≥12 months continuous enrolment during pre-index and post-index periods were included. The cohorts were stratified based on the presence (existing) or absence (new) of pre-index SLE. Primary outcomes (post-index period) included treatment regimens (all patients), and adherence (proportion of days covered (PDC)) and discontinuation of therapies initiated within 90 days of diagnosis (new patients). Univariate comparisons between cSLE and aSLE cohorts were performed using Wilcoxon rank-sum and χ2(or Fisher’s exact) tests.ResultscSLE cohort included 1275 patients (mean age=14.1 years) and aSLE cohort included 66 326 patients (mean age=49.7 years). Antimalarials and glucocorticoids were commonly used among new (cSLE=64.4%/62.0%; aSLE=51.8%/49.7%) and existing (cSLE=68.6%/58.9%; aSLE=63.8%/51.3%) patients in both cohorts. Median oral glucocorticoid dose (prednisone equivalent) was higher in cSLE vs aSLE (new=22.1 vs 14.0 mg/day; existing=14.4 vs 12.3 mg/day; p<0.05). Mycophenolate mofetil use was higher in patients with cSLE vs aSLE (new=26.2% vs 5.8%; existing=37.6% vs 11.0%; p<0.0001). Compared with aSLE, more patients used combination therapies in cSLE (p<0.0001). Median PDC was higher in cSLE vs aSLE for antimalarials (0.9 vs 0.8; p<0.0001) and oral glucocorticoids (0.6 vs 0.3; p<0.0001). Treatment discontinuation was lower in cSLE vs aSLE for antimalarials (25.0% vs 33.1%; p<0.0001) and oral glucocorticoids (56.6% vs 71.2%; p<0.0001).ConclusionsManagement of cSLE and aSLE includes the same medication classes; differences include more intensive use of therapy in cSLE, warranting the need for approved safe medications for cSLE.
Does a history of childbirth impact injury prevalence and mental health in female military members?
Authors: Edwards Chris M. , Miller Émilie , da Silva Danilo F. , Puranda Jessica L. , Souza Sara C.S. , Semeniuk Kevin , Adamo Kristi B. 
Published: July 2023

The effect of parity status on the prevalence and impact of musculoskeletal injury (MSKi) among female Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) members is unknown. This study aims to identify whether a history of childbirth and pregnancy-related complications are associated with MSKi occurrence among female members of the CAF. From September 2020 to February 2021, data were collected via an online questionnaire that assessed MSKi, reproductive health, and barriers to recruitment and retention in the CAF. Actively serving, female members were included in this analysis stratified by parous ( n = 313) or nulliparous ( n = 435) status. Descriptive analysis and binary logistic regressions were used to identify prevalence and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of repetitive strain injuries (RSI), acute injuries, and body regions affected. Covariates included in aOR: age, body mass index, and rank. A p value of <0.05 was considered significant and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported. Female members with a history of childbirth were more likely to report an RSI (80.9% vs. 69.9%, OR = 1.57, CI: 1.03 to 2.40), and when stratified by body region, were more likely to have an RSI of the wrist (30.0% vs. 20.5%, aOR = 1.62, CI: 1.09 to 2.40), and foot (39.3% vs. 24.1%, aOR = 1.79, CI: 1.24 to 2.59). When compared to the nulliparous group, parity did not influence prevalence of acute injuries. MSKi and mental health perceptions were different for females who experienced postpartum depression, miscarriage, or preterm birth. Childbirth and pregnancy-related complications impact prevalence of some RSI among female CAF members. Thus, specific health and fitness support may be needed for parous female CAF members.
Consistent thermodynamics and topological classes for the four-dimensional Lorentzian charged Taub-NUT spacetimes
Authors: Wu Di 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we derive the consistent thermodynamics of the four-dimensional Lorentzian Reissner-Nordström-NUT (RN-NUT), Kerr–Newman-NUT (KN-NUT), and RN-NUT-AdS spacetimes in the framework of the ($$\psi -\mathscr {N}$$

ψ
-
N

)-pair formalism, and then investigate their topological numbers by using the uniformly modified form of the generalized off-shell Helmholtz free energy. We find that these solutions can be included into one of three categories of those well-known black hole solutions, which implies that these spacetimes should be viewed as generic black holes from the perspective of the topological thermodynamic defects. In addition, we demonstrate that although the existence of the NUT charge parameter seems to have no impact on the topological number of the charged asymptotically locally flat spacetimes, it has a remarkable effect on the topological number of the charged asymptotically locally AdS spacetime.
Doubly differential cross sections for ionisation in proton–helium collisions at intermediate energies: energy and angular distribution of emitted electrons
Authors: Spicer K. H. , Plowman C. T. , Alladustov Sh. U. , Abdurakhmanov I. B. , Bray I. , Kadyrov A. S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Using the two-centre wave-packet convergent close-coupling approach, we continue our study of the proton–helium collision system. This method uses a correlated two-electron wave function to describe the helium target and discretises the continuum using wave-packet pseudostates. The cross section differential in the electron-emission energy and emission angle is calculated for incident-projectile energies in the intermediate range from 70 to 300 keV, where coupling between various channels and electron–electron correlation effects are important. We also apply an alternative, simpler approach that reduces the target to an effective single-electron system. Overall, the present results from both methods agree well with the available experimental data. This positions both implementations of the two-centre wave-packet convergent close-coupling approach well to further study other doubly differential, as well as fully differential, cross sections of single ionisation in proton–helium collisions.

Graphical abstract
Association and Prediction Utilizing Craniocaudal and Mediolateral Oblique View Digital Mammography and Long-Term Breast Cancer Risk
Authors: Chen Simin , Tamimi Rulla M. , Colditz Graham A. , Jiang Shu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Mammographic percentage of volumetric density is an important risk factor for breast cancer. Epidemiology studies historically used film images often limited to craniocaudal (CC) views to estimate area-based breast density. More recent studies using digital mammography images typically use the averaged density between craniocaudal (CC) and mediolateral oblique (MLO) view mammography for 5- and 10-year risk prediction. The performance in using either and both mammogram views has not been well-investigated. We use 3,804 full-field digital mammograms from the Joanne Knight Breast Health Cohort (294 incident cases and 657 controls), to quantity the association between volumetric percentage of density extracted from either and both mammography views and to assess the 5 and 10-year breast cancer risk prediction performance. Our results show that the association between percent volumetric density from CC, MLO, and the average between the two, retain essentially the same association with breast cancer risk. The 5- and 10-year risk prediction also shows similar prediction accuracy. Thus, one view is sufficient to assess association and predict future risk of breast cancer over a 5 or 10-year interval.

Prevention Relevance:
Expanding use of digital mammography and repeated screening provides opportunities for risk assessment. To use these images for risk estimates and guide risk management in real time requires efficient processing. Evaluating the contribution of different views to prediction performance can guide future applications for risk management in routine care.
Rates of Intervention and Cancer Detection on Initial versus Subsequent Whole-body MRI Screening in Li-Fraumeni Syndrome
Authors: Kagami Laura A.T. , Du Yun K. , Fernandes Conrad J. , Le Anh N. , Good Madeline , Duvall Melani M. , Baldino Sarah E. , Powers Jacquelyn , Zelley Kristin , States Lisa J. , Mathew Manoj C. , Katona Bryson W. , MacFarland Suzanne P. , Maxwell Kara N. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Li-Fraumeni Syndrome (LFS) is a hereditary cancer predisposition syndrome with up to 90% lifetime cancer risk. Cancer screening, including annual whole-body MRI (WB-MRI), is recommended due to known survival advantage, with cancer detection rate of 7% on initial screening. Intervention and cancer detection rates on subsequent screenings are unknown. Clinical data for pediatric and adult patients with LFS (n = 182) were reviewed, including instances of WB-MRI screening and interventions based on screening results. For each WB-MRI screening, interventions including biopsy and secondary imaging, as well as rate of cancer diagnosis, were analyzed comparing initial versus subsequent WB-MRI. Of the total cohort (n = 182), we identified 68 adult patients and 50 pediatric patients who had undergone at least two WB-MRI screenings, with a mean of 3.8 ± 1.9 (adults) and 4.0 ± 2.1 (pediatric) screenings. Findings on initial screening led to an imaging or invasive intervention in 38% of adults and 20% of children. On follow up, overall intervention rates were lower for adults (19%, P = 0.0026) and stable for children (19%, P = NS). Thirteen cancers were detected overall (7% of adult and 14% of pediatric scans), on both initial (pediatric: 4%, adult: 3%) and subsequent (pediatric: 10%, adult: 6%) screenings. Rates of intervention after WB-MRI screening decreased significantly in adults between first and subsequent exams and remained stable in pediatric patients. Cancer detection rates were similar on screening (3%–4% initial, 6%–10% subsequent) for both children and adults. These findings provide important data for counseling patients with LFS about screening outcomes.

Prevention Relevance:
The cancer detection rate, burden of recommended interventions, and rate of false-positive findings found on subsequent WB-MRI screenings in patients with LFS are not well understood. Our findings suggest that annual WB-MRI screening has clinical utility and likely does not result in an unnecessary invasive intervention burden for patients.
TIME for Bugs: The Immune Microenvironment and Microbes in Precancer
Authors: Borthwick Bowen Mikayla , Helmink Beth A. , Wargo Jennifer A. , Yates Melinda S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Major advances in our understanding of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in established cancer have been made, including the influence of host-intrinsic (host genomics) and -extrinsic factors (such as diet and the microbiome) on treatment response. Nonetheless, the immune and microbiome milieu across the spectrum of precancerous tissue and early neoplasia is a growing area of interest. There are emerging data describing the contribution of the immune microenvironment and microbiota on benign and premalignant tissues, with opportunities to target these factors in cancer prevention and interception. Throughout this review, we provide rationale for not only the critical need to further elucidate the premalignant immune microenvironment, but also for the utility of pharmacologic and lifestyle interventions to alter the immune microenvironment of early lesions to reverse carcinogenesis. Novel research methodologies, such as implementing spatial transcriptomics and proteomics, in combination with innovative sampling methods will advance precision targeting of the premalignant immune microenvironment. Additional studies defining the continuum of immune and microbiome evolution, which emerges in parallel with tumor development, will provide novel opportunities for cancer interception at the earliest steps in carcinogenesis.
The Relationship between Immersion and Psychophysiological Indicators
Authors: Hébert-Lavoie Maxence , Ozell Benoît , Doyon-Poulin Philippe 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPsychophysiological indicators have garnered significant interest in the assessment of presence. However, despite this interest, the nature of the relationship between psychophysiological indicators and presence factors remains undetermined. Presence, the perceived realness of a mediated or virtual experience, is modulated by two factors: immersion and coherence. Immersion represents the extent and precision of the simulated sensory modalities, while coherence refers to the environment's ability to behave as expected by the user. To study the relationship between psychophysiological indicators and presence factors, we objectively manipulated immersion by altering three visual qualities. The visual qualities were set to values above, at, or below their functional threshold. These thresholds are defined as a perceptual boundary under which a sensory quality value should be considered functionally degraded. Sixty participants performed a driving task in a virtual environment under the aforementioned conditions, while we measured their cardiovascular and eye responses. We found that degraded immersion conditions yielded significantly different psychophysiological indicator results than the condition without degradation. However, we observed an effect of immersion degradation on our measured variables only when the visual conditions were set below the functional threshold. Manipulations of immersion below the functional threshold introduced unreasonable circumstances which modified our participants' behavior. Thus, our findings suggest a direct impact of immersion on coherence and highlight the sensitivity of psychophysiological indicators to the coherence of a virtual environment. These results have theoretical implications, as a presence concepts relationship model should include the direct impact of immersion on coherence.
Exploring the Usability of Phone-Based Virtual Reality in Management-Communication Training
Authors: Zielke Marjorie , Zakhidov Djakhangir , Prasad Shringarpure Malavika , DeFries Erik , Avila Rudy , Keul Jacob , Carpenter Turner Dean , Hargrove Stacy , Bateman Sabrina , Young Christopher 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Phone-based virtual reality (VR) is a potentially important delivery medium for management communication training, particularly as hybrid work environments create the need for new ways to deliver training experiences where students can role-play and practice privately with virtual employees. However, few studies have focused on the viability of delivering phone-based VR, particularly in terms of understandability and usability. In this preliminary case study, we utilize a proxy group of business school students and study their ability to assemble, navigate, and complete a training module using a phone-based VR system that focuses on management communication training. Overall, the system obtained an excellent mean rating on a common standardized instrument, the System Usability Scale (SUS), and other measures. We also detail concerns of a small but important participant group who gave the system less favorable ratings and delineate modifications that may be appropriate for the intended audience, Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) employees.
Regimes of Convective Self-Aggregation in Convection-Permitting Beta-Plane Simulations
Authors: Carstens Jacob D. , Wing Allison A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The spontaneous self-aggregation (SA) of convection in idealized model experiments highlights the importance of interactions between tropical convection and the surrounding environment. The authors have shown that SA fundamentally changes with the background rotation in previous f-plane simulations, in terms of both the resulting forms of organized convection and the relative roles of the physical feedbacks driving them. This study considers the dependence of SA on rotation in one large domain on the β plane, introducing an additional layer of complexity. Simulations are performed with uniform thermal forcing and explicit convection. Focuses include statistical and structural analysis of the convective modes, process-oriented diagnostics of how they develop, and resulting mean states. Two regimes of SA emerge within the first 15 days, separated by a critical zone where f is analogous to 10°–15° latitude. Organized convection at near-equatorial values of f primarily consists of convectively coupled Kelvin waves. Wind speed–surface enthalpy flux feedbacks are the dominant process driving moisture variability early on, then clear-sky shortwave radiative feedbacks are strongest in wave maintenance. In contrast, at higher f, numerous tropical cyclones develop and coexist, dominated by surface flux and longwave processes. Tropical cyclogenesis is most pronounced at intermediate f (analogous to 25°–40°), but are longer-lived at higher f. The resulting modes of SA at low f differ between these β-plane simulations (convectively coupled waves) and prior f-plane simulations (weak tropical cyclones or nonrotating clusters). Otherwise, these results provide further evidence for the changing roles of radiative, surface flux, and advective processes in influencing SA as f changes, as found in our previous study.

Significance Statement
In model simulations, convection often self-organizes due to interactions with its surrounding environment. These interactions are relevant in the real-world organization of rainfall and clouds, and may thus be useful to understand for improved prediction of tropical weather and climate. Previous work using a set of simple model experiments with constant Coriolis force showed that at different latitudes, different processes dominate, and different types of organized convection result. This study verifies that finding using a more complex and realistic model, where the Coriolis force varies within the domain to resemble different latitudes. Specifically, the convection here self-organizes into atmospheric waves (periodic disturbances) at low latitudes, and tropical cyclones at high latitudes.