bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Basin Morphometry for Hydro-geomorphological Implications: A Study of the Indo-Bhutanese Duduya Watershed
Authors: Chakraborty Subhankar 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A drainage basin morphometric analysis has been carried out for the trans-boundary Duduya watershed located in the marginal parts of the Eastern Himalaya and its foreland of Bhutan and India. The linear, areal and relief morphometric parameters have been estimated based on topographical maps and SRTM DEM data. It is found that the Duduya is a 6th order drainage basin with asymmetric drainage arrangements with a total stream length of 1208.19 km. Almost all of the eleven sub-watersheds of the Duduya are elongated in nature and are characterized by medium drainage related parameters, e.g., density, frequency and texture signifying moderate flood susceptibilities while the presence of permeable soils, good vegetation cover facilitated considerable infiltration and water storage implying good groundwater potentials. The skewed distribution of relief parameters specially total relief, relief ratio and slope are indicators of erosion potential, however, this erosion potential is balanced by the elongated shape of the individual sub-watersheds and medium drainage related parameters. The region receives very high annual rainfall, besides majority of the watershed area is featured with very gentle slopes and flat terrains and therefore has prolonged runoff disposal meaning increased chances of floods in the downstream reaches. Several of the computed morphometric parameters were observed to have varied statistical associations and some of them are impacting each other significantly. A hierarchical cluster analysis suggested two different clusters of sub-watersheds, where SW1 and SW3 of the Eastern Himalayas need proper management for environmental issues like flash flood, channel avulsion and erosion due to high reliefs and moderate slopes, the rest of the sub-watersheds that are draining the lower parts of piedmont and the low-lying southern plain provide ideal conditions for cultivation due to flat terrains, meager slopes, greater infiltration and water storage capacities.
Characterization of Ash Samples from the Kelud (Indonesia) Volcanic Eruption of 2014 and its Environmental Implications
Authors: Sahay Sujesh , Pati Jayanta Kumar , Singh Anuj Kumar , Niyogi Ambalika , Chakarvorty Munmun , Prakash Kuldeep , Dwivedi Mrigank Mauli 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The eruptions from Kelud (Kelut) volcano, Indonesia on 13 to 14 February, 2014 ejected huge amount of volcanic ash to an altitude of more than 26 km and spread to &gt;700 km, leading to the disruption of flights, collapse of man-made structures, traffic accidents, and large-scale evacuations while leaving indelible signs of ecosystem degradation. To better comprehend the physical and chemical characters and possible environmental implications of Kelud eruption, three unconsolidated poorly-sorted ash samples were collected on February 24, 2014 from roof tops in Yogyakarta, Indonesia and analyzed for their size (0.3 to 300 μm), shape (irregular, columnar and tabular), texture (vesicular with shards and Pele’s hair), mineralogy (andesine + diopside + enstatite + cristobalite + magnetite + glass) and geochemistry (basaltic andesite - andesite). The trace element concentrations, marginally fractionated REE pattern, and the basaltic andesite to andesite affinity of all Kelud ash samples infer their genetic linkage with island arc environment. The fine-grained particulate matter in the inhalable size range, presence of crystalline silica (cristobalite) and chemical toxicity of ash, observed during the present study, shall be useful for disaster preparedness and to create environmental safeguards for similar volcanic eruptions in future.
Studies on Radon Exhalation Rate and Activity of Radioactive Elements in Soil Samples and their Radiological Hazards to the Population of Davanagere District, Karnataka, India
Authors: Hidayath Mohamed , Lavanya B.S.K. , Naveena M. , Chandrashekara M.S. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Exhalation rate of 222Rn from soil samples and the activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were studied in soil samples of Davanagere district, Karnataka state, India. 222Rn exhalation rate was measured using smart radon monitor (SRM). The mass exhalation rate of 222Rn varies from 6.9 ± 1.7 to 38.5 ± 3.3 mBqkg-1h-1 with a geometric mean of 20.1 ± 2.5 mBqkg-1h-1. The surface exhalation rate of 222Rn varies from 0.39 ± 0.1 to 2.15 ± 0.18 Bqm-2h-1 with a geometric mean of 1.12 ± 0.14 Bqm-2h-1. Activity concentrations of the radionuclide in soil samples were measured using HPGe detector. 226Ra, 232Th and 40K concentration varied from 32.0 to 106.1 Bqkg-1, from 19.6 to 78.8 Bqkg-1 and from 20.1 to 968.0 Bqkg-1 respectively. The average activity of 226Ra in the soil samples was 63.2 Bqkg-1 which is higher than the global average and the Indian average value, whereas the activities of 232Th and 40K were found to be 34.9 Bqkg-1 and 458.8 Bqkg-1 respectively and are comparable to global average values. When the structural and physical properties of the soil samples were similar, radon exhalation rate from soil samples shows good correlation with its 226Ra activity.
Just a stopgap for ‘real’ sports? Experiences with digital sport and exercise activities during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mutz Michael , Jetzke Malte , Göring Arne 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to an increase of digitally supported home-based sport and exercise activities. This paper asks how these digital sport and exercise (DSE) offers are experienced by consumers and compares the experiential value of DSE activities with similar on-site, offline sport and exercise (OSE) activities. The paper is based on cross-sectional online survey data from active members of two university sports centers in Germany. Findings reveal that a relative strength of DSE compared to similar OSE offers is the higher degree of autonomy experienced by users. However, this comes at the expense of the social, physical, affective, competence, and motivational experience. DSE courses are somewhat better rated by self-disciplined and healthy individuals, but lower rated by participants with a high motor competence. Overall, data lend support to the notion that DSE was just a stopgap for many during the lockdowns. For becoming a real alternative to on-site sports, DSE offers should be developed further in such a way that emotional and social experiences are enhanced.
Acute and Chronic Performance Enhancement in Rowing: A Network Meta-analytical Approach on the Effects of Nutrition and Training
Authors: Held Steffen , Rappelt Ludwig , Donath Lars 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionThis systematic review and network meta-analysis assessed via direct and indirect comparison the occurrence and magnitude of effects following different nutritional supplementation strategies and exercise interventions on acute and chronic rowing performance and its surrogates.MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, PsycNET and SPORTDiscus searches were conducted until March 2022 to identify studies that met the following inclusion criteria: (a) controlled trials, (b) rowing performance and its surrogate parameters as outcomes, and (c) peer-reviewed and published in English. Frequentist network meta-analytical approaches were calculated based on standardized mean differences (SMD) using random effects models.Results71 studies with 1229 healthy rowers (aged 21.5 ± 3.0 years) were included and two main networks (acute and chronic) with each two subnetworks for nutrition and exercise have been created. Both networks revealed low heterogeneity and non-significant inconsistency (I2 ≤ 35.0% and Q statistics:p ≥ 0.12). Based on P-score rankings, while caffeine (P-score 84%; SMD 0.43) revealed relevantly favorable effects in terms of acute rowing performance enhancement, whilst prior weight reduction (P-score 10%; SMD − 0.48) and extensive preload (P-score 18%; SMD − 0.34) impaired acute rowing performance. Chronic blood flow restriction training (P-score 96%; SMD 1.26) and the combination of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate and creatine (P-score 91%; SMD 1.04) induced remarkably large positive effects, while chronic spirulina (P-score 7%; SMD − 1.05) and black currant (P-score 9%; SMD − 0.88) supplementation revealed impairment effects.ConclusionHomogeneous and consistent findings from numerous studies indicate that the choice of nutritional supplementation strategy and exercise training regimen are vital for acute and chronic performance enhancement in rowing.
Experimental investigation of the mechanical properties and large-volume laboratory test of a novel filling material in mining engineering
Authors: Hong Zi-jie , Li Zhen-hua , Du Feng , Xu Lei , Zhu Chun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a novel filling material was developed that consisted of a coal gangue and fly ash mixture as the main material and a ground slag, quicklime and plaster mixture as the cementing material. Moreover, an auxiliary agent was added as an activator. The test results showed that the optimum composition of the filling material included coal gangue and fly ash at a 2:1 ratio, accounting for 85% of the total mass, ground slag (G), quicklime (Q) and plaster (P) at a 5:3:2 ratio, accounting for 15% of the total mass, an expansive agent content of 0.01%, and a modifier additive content of 1.0%. A large-volume sample (1 m × 1 m × 1 m) was evaulated with this optimized material composition. The experimental temperature, mechanical performance, regeneration strength, and failure characteristics were determined. The results showed that the temperature of the middle part of the filling body was the highest and peaked at 40.2 °C. The filling material had a high compressive strength and exhibited ideal plastic deformation characteristics. The strength could be restored after damage had occurred and the fracture surface was destroyed along a certain angle.
Fortresses in Portugal. Conservation and basis for new uses
Authors: Paupério Esmeralda , Arêde António , Silva Rui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper focuses on the experience of the Rehabilitation Nucleus of the Construction Institute (NR-IC), integrated in the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto (FEUP) in the analysis, inspection, and diagnosis of structures with ancient defensive walls existing in Portugal. Aiming at promoting careful and heritage-respecting rehabilitation interventions, in line with the recommendations of ICOMOS (International Council on Monuments and Sites), the NR-IC has participated in several conservation and requalification projects. The development and implementation of a consolidated and holistic methodology of inspection and diagnosis aims to intervene in these historic structures by respecting their authenticity and integrity. In this context, this paper addresses two cases studies in different contexts and state of conservation: the Penedono Castle, in the countryside, and the Peniche Fortress in the sea shore.
Bipolar spectrum disorders among American registered nurses: a narrative literature review
Authors: Armijo Julianne E. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Bipolar spectrum disorders (BSDs) are serious psychiatric conditions correlated with high rates of suicide, substance misuse, hospitalization, and cardiometabolic diseases. Little is known about how BSDs affect American registered nurses (RNs) diagnosed with the condition.

Purpose
This review aimed to identify risk factors and socioeconomic impacts influencing American RNs diagnosed with BSDs.

Methods
The study examined literature in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and SCOPUS. Articles discussing RNs diagnosed with BSDs were selected and evaluated for common risk factors and socioeconomic themes.

Results
Eight papers meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Five articles were personal narratives, two were mixed methods, and one was a cohort study. Risk factors included gender, stress, shift work, and sleep. Socioeconomic themes included economic impact and subjective experience. The female gender predominated in the RN workforce and, to a lesser extent, BSDs. Stress was intertwined with shift work and sleep, as they all influenced circadian alterations, mania, depression, and substance use. The economic impact was poorly understood; however, identified elements were related to hospitalization, absenteeism, and preclusion from insurance coverage. Subjective experiences of RNs with BSDs indicated that stigma incited hostile work environments and shame while seeking mental health care.

Conclusion
The findings indicated that the identified risk factors contributed to adverse psychological, neurological, and cardiometabolic outcomes. Identified socioeconomic themes suggested unfavorable outcomes, including absenteeism, exclusion from insurance coverage, stigmatization, and hospitalization. However, there is a paucity of information, especially from high-quality studies. This novel review provides the foundation for future research.
Balancing Hope and Fear: Muslim Modernists, Democracy, and the Tyranny of the Majority
Authors: Abbas Megan Brankley 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDuring the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, many Muslim modernists exhibited mixed records regarding democracy. On the one hand, they articulated cogent arguments that Islam was, at its heart, democratic in nature and worked to counter Islamist claims to the contrary. Some crafted robust visions for Islamic democratic governance. On the other hand, many of the same modernists forged political alliances with military authoritarian regimes. How can we explain this seeming inconsistency between modernist democratic ideals and their not-so-democratic practices? This article argues that this paradoxical pattern stems from a classic dilemma within democratic theory: the tyranny of the majority. After providing a brief history of majoritarian fears in Western political theory, the article investigates two prominent case studies from mid-twentieth-century Pakistan and Indonesia. The first examines Fazlur Rahman’s ties to Ayub Khan’s military regime in 1960s Pakistan, and the second analyzes why a movement of young modernists was willing to collaborate with Suharto’s New Order regime in 1970s Indonesia. Together, the two cases demonstrate that Muslim modernists balance their genuine hopes for an Islamic democratic future with persistent fears of majoritarian tyranny by advocating for constraints on the majority will. While these constraints can be controversial and even authoritarian in nature, they have important parallels in Western democratic thought. Ultimately, this article argues that Muslim modernists’ mixed records are a function of democratic theory itself rather than some Islamic exception to it.
Ecology and distribution of the “Critically Endangered” Blue-throated HillstarOreotrochilus cyanolaemus
Authors: Tinoco Boris A. , Freile Juan F. , Molina Paul , Carrasco Agustín , Ordoñez Nolberto , Bonaccorso Elisa 
Published: April 2023

SummaryThe Blue-throated HillstarOreotrochilus cyanolaemusis a recently described hummingbird endemic to the southern Andes of Ecuador. This “Critically Endangered” species faces multiple conservation problems; thus, acquiring basic ecological information is a key step for guiding sound and integral conservation actions. We performed a series of expeditions throughout the cordillera Chilla-Tioloma-Fierro Urco to gain new data about its ecology, abundance, breeding, and distribution. From November 2019 to March 2020, we surveyed a total of 161.6 km searching forO. cyanolaemus, and gathered data on encounter rates, microhabitats used, and flower resources used. From November 2020 to January 2021 we studied the breeding ecology of the species. Occurrence records ofO. cyanolaemuswere used to build a species distribution model, based on climatic variables and the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI). We found that the species is relatively more abundant in the western and central portion of its distribution range. Males were found using more shrubby habitats than females, who used more open habitats. They visited flowers of 11 plant species, withChuquiraga jussieuiandPuyassp. being the most frequently used flowers. Nests were found in caves and rocky walls, and only one out of three active nests was successful. The distribution model indicated that the species has a potential distribution range of 62.7 km2. This manuscript is the first comprehensive evaluation of the ecological requirements of the species, and the information provided has important potential for use as a conservation guide for the species and its habitats.
Psychiatric advance directives facilitated by peer workers among people with mental illness: economic evaluation of a randomized controlled trial (DAiP study)
Authors: Loubière S. , Loundou A. , Auquier P. , Tinland A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Aims
We aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of psychiatric advance directives (PAD) facilitated by peer workers (PW-PAD) in the management of patients with mental disorders in France.

Methods
In a prospective multicentre randomized controlled trial, we randomly assigned adults with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition diagnosis of schizophrenia, bipolar I disorder or schizoaffective disorders, who were compulsorily hospitalized in the past 12 months, to either fill out a PAD form and meet a peer worker for facilitation or receive usual care. We assessed differences in societal costs in euros (€) and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) over a year-long follow-up to estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of the PW-PAD strategy. We conducted multiple sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of our results.

Results
Among the 394 randomized participants, 196 were assigned to the PW-PAD group and 198 to the control group. Psychiatric inpatient costs were lower in the PW-PAD group than the control group (relative risk, −0.22; 95% confidence interval, [−0.33 to −0.11]; P < 0.001), and 1-year cumulative savings were obtained for the PW-PAD group (mean difference, −€4,286 [−4,711 to −4,020]). Twelve months after PW-PAD implementation, we observed improved health utilities (difference, 0.040 [0.003–0.077]; P = 0.032). Three deaths occurred. QALYs were higher in the PW-PAD group (difference, 0.045 [0.040–0.046]). In all sensitivity analyses, taking into account sampling uncertainty and unit variable variation, PW-PAD was likely to remain a cost-effective use of resources.

Conclusion
PW-PAD was strictly dominant, that is, less expensive and more effective compared with usual care for people living with mental illness.
The Global Representativeness of Fair‐Weather Atmospheric Electricity Parameters From the Coastal Station Maitri, Antarctica
Authors: Jeeva K. , Sinha A. K. , Seemala Gopi K. , Pawar S. D. , Guha A. , Kamra A. K. , Williams E. R. , Ravichandran M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAtmospheric electricity parameters (AEP) measurements from Antarctica predominantly feature either the potential gradient (PG) and/or air‐Earth current (AEC) density. We report for the first time simultaneous measurements of the bipolar ions concentration/conductivity, PG, and AEC density. AEP measurements were carried out at Maitri (70.8°S, 11.8°E) from December 2018 to November 2019. We formulated a few criteria, irrespective of the weather conditions, to select the electrically quiet days and some additional criteria based on the conductivity measurements to discern globally representative data (GRD) from such days. The measurements of the PG and AEC density over the Antarctic plateau demonstrated the diurnal curves similar to the Carnegie pattern, which represents the global thunderstorms and electrified shower clouds (ESCs) occurring on different continents and oceans, we regard the data having such trend as GRD. We found significant variability in the concentration of small bipolar ions/conductivity in the austral summer which in turn affects GRD. However, the concentration of bipolar ions is nearly consistent at ∼250 negative ions cm−3 and ∼300 positive ions cm−3 in winter and enhances the probability of GRD. Such differences can arise out of the prevalent planetary boundary layer processes in the two seasons. When the PG varied between ∼50 Vm−1 and ∼150 Vm−1 and the maximum range of conductivity variations was ∼0.2 × 10−14 ℧ m−1, the AEPs represented the signatures of the global thunderstorm and ESC activities.
Floods and Heavy Precipitation at the Global Scale: 100‐Year Analysis and 180‐Year Reconstruction
Authors: Renard B. , McInerney D. , Westra S. , Leonard M. , Kavetski D. , Thyer M. , Vidal J.‐P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFloods and heavy precipitation have disruptive impacts worldwide, but their historical variability remains only partially understood at the global scale. This article aims at reducing this knowledge gap by jointly analyzing seasonal maxima of streamflow and precipitation at more than 3,000 stations over a 100‐year period. The analysis is based on Hidden Climate Indices (HCIs). Like standard climate indices (e.g., Nino 3.4, NAO), HCIs are used as covariates explaining the temporal variability of data, but unlike them, HCIs are estimated from the data. In this work, a distinction is made between common HCIs, that affect both heavy precipitation and floods, and specific HCIs, that exclusively affect one or the other. Overall, HCIs do not show noticeable autocorrelation, but some are affected by noticeable trends. In particular, strong and wide‐ranging trends are identified in precipitation‐specific HCIs, while trends affecting flood‐specific HCIs are weaker and have more localized effects. A probabilistic model is then derived to link HCIs and large‐scale atmospheric variables (pressure, wind, temperature) and to reconstruct HCIs since 1836 using the 20CRv3 reanalysis. In turn this allows estimating the probability of occurrence of floods and heavy precipitation at the global scale. This 180‐year reconstruction highlights flood hot‐spots and hot‐moments in the distant past, well before the establishment of perennial monitoring networks. The approach presented in this study is generic and paves the way for an improved characterization of historical variability by making a better use of long but highly irregular station data sets.