bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diaporthe actinidiicola: A novel species causing branch canker or dieback of fruit trees in Henan Province, China
Authors: Cao Jia‐Yuan , Gao Wen‐Kai , Yao Meng , Xie Shun‐Pei , Yin Xin‐Ming , Xu Chao , Wu Hai‐Yan , Zhang Meng , Guo Ya‐Shuang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPear (Pyrus), walnut (Juglans) and kiwifruit (Actinidia) are important cash crops in China. Recently, symptoms of branch canker or dieback have been frequently observed in many orchards in Henan Province and have resulted in high losses of fruit production. In this study, symptomatic branches were collected for aetiological isolation from three hosts during 2020 and 2021. Seven isolates from these hosts were identified as one novel species, based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of the concatenated sequences of the internal transcribed spacer of the ribosomal DNA (ITS), translation elongation factor 1α (TEF), β‐tubulin (TUB), histone (HIS) and calmodulin (CAL). We proposed the name Diaporthe actinidiicola and completed Koch's postulates to confirm pathogenicity. Host range evaluation indicated that D. actinidiicola could infect all inoculated fruit trees (pear, kiwifruit, walnut, apple [Malus] and peach [Prunus]) and the isolates from different hosts were most virulent on their original host. This study characterizes a novel Diaporthe species from three different hosts in China and contributes useful data for practicable disease management.
Universal decomposition model: An efficient technique for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction from grain‐size distributions
Authors: Liu Yuming , Wang Ting , Liu Bo , Long Yili , Liu Xingxing , Sun Youbin 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTFor many years, researchers have used the decomposition of grain‐size distributions to acquire critical information on provenances, transport dynamics and depositional environments. This study presents a novel decomposition method, termed the universal decomposition model, for analysing grain‐size data. The universal decomposition model unifies single‐sample unmixing and end‐member modelling analysis approaches and overcomes their respective limitations. To evaluate the effectiveness of the universal decomposition model, an artificial dataset and borehole data from the west Weihe Basin were analysed. Results indicate that the universal decomposition model algorithm performs proficiently on both datasets. Correlation analysis was employed to compare the abilities of universal decomposition model, single‐sample unmixing and end‐member modelling analysis to extract minor signals, with universal decomposition model and single‐sample unmixing exhibiting greater proficiency. Furthermore, the universal decomposition model provides a broader perspective for contrasting single‐sample unmixing and end‐member modelling analysis. The study highlights the inadequacy of the statistical method for determining the optimal number of components and summarizes an empirical approach. Moreover, disregarding the potential diversity in component shapes of real‐world sediments has been demonstrated to be a sub‐optimal design. Finally, this article presents results of a new investigation into the geological significance of sediment grain sizes revealed by various analytical methods that suggest that the universal decomposition model has enormous potential in reconstructing paleoenvironment.
Modern soil aggregates–colluvium generated by overland flow – stratigraphy and physical experiments
Authors: Paisani Julio Cesar , Manica Rafael , Santos Marcos Cesar Pereira , Rodrigues Rafaela Ana Rech 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTIn tropical and subtropical zones, sandy colluviums composed of soil aggregates are highly significant for the understanding of depositional processes in the natural realm. The formation processes of soil aggregates–colluviums (pedosediments in other climate zones) are poorly defined. Deeper knowledge on the origin of soil aggregates–colluviums from low‐density or high‐density overland flows is essential for improved understanding of colluviums found in modern, Quaternary and ancient stratigraphic records. The understanding of depositional processes of soil aggregates–colluviums has been integrated into this study by combining macrostratigraphy and microstratigraphy and laboratory experimental techniques. The actualism principle was applied using a sedimentological description of a modern soil aggregates–colluvium deposit generated by overland flows. In addition, physical experiments were performed to simulate the natural sedimentation processes of overland flows composed of various sediment concentrations. The results indicate the maximum grain size (granules and pebbles) of the soil aggregates–colluvium beds originating from high competence overland flows involving large volumes of local rainfall (storms). Overland flows are responsible for laminated beds of soil aggregates–colluviums; however, the laminations are heterogeneous sequences compared to those of low‐density flows, which have homogeneous sequences. The microstratigraphy of the natural, modern soil aggregates–colluviums shows varied structures in overland flow laminations, implying several types of flow density. The internal organization of the laminae suggests that the accretion of the colluvium deposit occurred through high‐density flows and high to low‐transitional density flows. Low‐density flows were less frequent and may constitute either single or more diluted tail flows. Finally, overland flow can generate facies with similar end members to mass movements, being distinguished only by bed thickness. Linking field observations with experimental results, as in the present study, leads to deeper understanding of overland flow sedimentation processes, especially in tropical and subtropical zones.
Effect of DNA aptamer through blocking of negative regulation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in human hair follicle dermal papilla cells
Authors: Won Areum , Choi Sooho , Kim A‐Ru , Hong Junkee 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhen Wnt binds to the N‐terminal of Frizzled, a conformational change occurs in the C‐terminal of Frizzled, which binds to Dishevelled1 (Dvl1), a Wnt signaling component protein. When Dvl1 binds to the C‐terminal of Frizzled, the concentration of β‐catenin increases and it enters the nucleus to transmit cell proliferation signals. CXXC‐type zinc finger protein 5 (CXXC5) binds to the Frizzled binding site of Dvl1 and interferes with Dvl1–Frizzled binding. Therefore, blocking CXXC5–Dvl1 binding may induce Wnt signal transduction.Materials and methodsWe used WD‐aptamer, a DNA aptamer that specifically binds to Dvl1 and interferes with CXXC5–Dvl1 interaction. We confirmed the penetration of WD‐aptamer into human hair follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPCs) and measured β‐catenin expression following treatment with WD‐aptamer in HFDPCs, wherein Wnt signaling was activated by Wnt3a. In addition, MTT assay was performed to investigate the effect of WD‐aptamer on cell proliferation.ResultsWD‐aptamer penetrated the cell, affected Wnt signaling, and increased β‐catenin expression, which plays an important role in signaling. Additionally, WD‐aptamer induced HFDPC proliferation.ConclusionCXXC5‐associated negative feedback of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling can be regulated by interfering with CXXC5–Dvl1 interaction.
Paleogene–Neogene environmental evolution and the uplift‐sedimentation response of the NE Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Cui Jiawei , Li Zhenhong , Dong Xiaopeng , Kou Linlin , Sun Junyi , Huang Ting 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThere are controversies about the climate evolution and driving mechanism around the Tibetan Plateau since the late Cenozoic. To better understand this issue, the Ningnan Basin on the north‐eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau was taken as the research object. The Ningnan Basin was arid at 23–18 Ma under the influence of global climate change. The extensive deformation indicates that the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and intracontinental pushing has influenced the Ningnan Basin and the paleoclimate began to be affected in 23 Ma. During the period of 17–13 Ma, the Ningnan Basin was warm and humid and was still under the influence of global climate change. During 8.5–8 Ma, the environment suddenly became dry. At the same time, the Tibetan Plateau was intensely uplifted, which strengthened the winter winds and weakened the summer winds, resulting in the aridity of the Ningnan Basin.
High light triggers flavonoid and polysaccharide synthesis through DoHY5‐dependent signaling in Dendrobium officinale
Authors: Li Dongxiao , Ye Guangying , Li Jie , Lai Zhenqin , Ruan Siyou , Qi Qi , Wang Zaihua , Duan Sujuan , Jin Hong‐Lei , Wang Hong‐Bin 
Published: May 2023

SUMMARYDendrobium officinale is edible and has medicinal and ornamental functions. Polysaccharides and flavonoids, including anthocyanins, are important components of D. officinale that largely determine the nutritional quality and consumer appeal. There is a need to study the molecular mechanisms regulating anthocyanin and polysaccharide biosynthesis to enhance D. officinale quality and its market value. Here, we report that high light (HL) induced the accumulation of polysaccharides, particularly mannose, as well as anthocyanin accumulation, resulting in red stems. Metabolome and transcriptome analyses revealed that most of the flavonoids showed large changes in abundance, and flavonoid and polysaccharide biosynthesis was significantly activated under HL treatment. Interestingly, DoHY5 expression was also highly induced. Biochemical analyses demonstrated that DoHY5 directly binds to the promoters of DoF3H1 (involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis), DoGMPP2, and DoPMT28 (involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis) to activate their expression, thereby promoting anthocyanin and polysaccharide accumulation in D. officinale stems. DoHY5 silencing decreased flavonoid‐ and polysaccharide‐related gene expression and reduced anthocyanin and polysaccharide accumulation, whereas DoHY5 overexpression had the opposite effects. Notably, naturally occurring red‐stemmed D. officinale plants similarly have high levels of anthocyanin and polysaccharide accumulation and biosynthesis gene expression. Our results reveal a previously undiscovered role of DoHY5 in co‐regulating anthocyanin and polysaccharide biosynthesis under HL conditions, improving our understanding of the mechanisms regulating stem color and determining nutritional quality in D. officinale. Collectively, our results propose a robust and simple strategy for significantly increasing anthocyanin and polysaccharide levels and subsequently improving the nutritional quality of D. officinale.
Multicenter evaluation of a high‐throughput microarray platform for extensive red blood cell phenotyping and antibody screening
Authors: Martinaud Christophe , Hermenegildo‐López Ygor Neil , Gallego Irene Lucea , Fleuriot Estelle , Barea‐García Luisa Maria 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundBlood typing and antibody screening are key elements of transfusion safety. However, available single platform, flexible, and affordable technologies are limited, especially for extended phenotyping. Microarray‐based technology allows for this extended phenotyping with the flexibility of piecemeal analysis.Study Design and MethodsThis study was conducted in three blood donor laboratories to determine the performance of a high‐throughput microarray‐based system for ABO, RH1‐RH5, and KEL1 typing, ABS and extended phenotyping (RH8, KEL2&3, FY1&2, JK1, MNS3). Specimens were tested simultaneously on local platforms and on the microarray‐based system. When discrepancies were identified, resolver testing were performed.ResultsIn total, 4862 blood samples were tested for standard phenotype, 4257 for antibody screening and 2194 for extended phenotype. Results were available for 92.12% of the samples. The overall percent agreements were: 100% for ABO, 99.8% for RH1, 99.24% for RH2‐5 and 99.86% for KEL1, 93.16% for antibody screening, and 99.68% for extended phenotype.ConclusionsThis microarray‐based system provides highly comparable results to current CE marked assays. The ability to continuously test 3000 microarrays in 1 day, providing simultaneously both extended RBC phenotyping and antibody detection drives laboratory efficiencies. The results of our study validate the performance of this new technology; however, the percentage of samples without results must be reduced and further analysis is required to interpret the ABS screening performances. This could constitute a real breakthrough in transfusion, making it possible in the long term, on a single platform, to carry out all the analyses necessary for the qualification of donations.
Efficacy of perioperative 2% dorzolamide ophthalmic solution for reduction of postoperative ocular hypertension in dogs following routine phacoemulsification surgery: A prospective clinical trial
Authors: Lewin Andrew C. , Hu Jennifer , Liu Chin‐Chi , Camacho Pilar , Carter Renee T. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of 2% dorzolamide ophthalmic solution for reduction of postoperative ocular hypertension (POH) following routine phacoemulsification surgery in dogs.Animals StudiedThirty one dogs (53 eyes) with naturally occurring cataracts undergoing routine phacoemulsification surgery.Procedure(s)A prospective, double‐masked, randomized, placebo‐controlled study design was utilized. Dogs received 2% dorzolamide ophthalmic solution or saline 1 h prior to surgery then three times daily for 21 days postoperatively in the operated eye(s). Intraocular pressure (IOP) was recorded 1 h prior to surgery and 3 h, 7 h, 22 h, 1 week and 3 weeks postoperatively. Statistical analyses were performed using chi‐squared and Mann–WhitneyUtest with a significance level ofp < .05.ResultsPostoperative ocular hypertension (IOP ≥25 mmHg, <24 h after surgery) occurred in 28/53 (52.8%) eyes. There was significant reduction in the incidence of POH for eyes receiving dorzolamide (10/26 (38.4%) eyes) versus eyes receiving placebo (18/27 (66.7%) eyes) (p = .0384). Animals were followed for a median of 163 days after surgery. Thirty‐seven (37/53 (69.8%)) eyes were visual at final examination and 3/53 (5.7%) globes were enucleated postoperatively. At last follow‐up, there was no difference in visual status (p = .9280), need for topical IOP lowering medication (p = .8319) or incidence of glaucoma (p = .5880) based on treatment group.ConclusionsPerioperative administration of topical 2% dorzolamide reduced the incidence of POH after phacoemulsification in the dogs studied. However, this was not associated with differences in visual outcome, incidence of glaucoma or need for IOP‐lowering medications.
A universal energy response model for determining the energy nonlinearity and resolution of $$e^\pm $$ and $$\gamma $$ in liquid scintillator detectors
Authors: Yu Miao , Wen Liangjian , Zhou Xiang , Luo Wuming 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEnergy nonlinearity and resolution in liquid scintillator (LS) detectors are correlated and particle-dependent. A unified energy response model for liquid scintillator detectors has been presented in details. This model has advanced a data-driven approach to calibrate the particle-dependent energy response, using both the monoenergetic $$\gamma $$
γ
-ray sources and the continuous $$\beta $$
β
spectra of $$^\textrm{12}\textrm{B}$$

12

B

and Michel $$e^-$$

e
-

induced by cosmic muons. Monte Carlo studies have demonstrated the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed model, in particular, the positron energy resolution can be extracted in the absence of positron sources. This work will provide a feasible approach of simultaneous calibration of energy nonlinearity and resolution for the running and future LS detectors.
Gödel-type universes in energy–momentum-squared gravity
Authors: Canuto Á. J. C. , Santos A. F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a modification of general relativity is considered. It consists of generalizing the Lagrangian of matter in a non-linear way, that is, replacing the curvature scalar R by a function $$f(R,T_{\mu \nu } T^{\mu \nu } )$$

f
(
R
,

T

μ
ν

T

μ
ν

)

, where $$T_{\mu \nu }$$

T

μ
ν

is the energy–momentum tensor. The main objective is to investigate the issue of causality in this gravitational model. To study the causality and/or its violation the Gödel-type solutions are used. For such development, different matter contents are chosen. A critical radius, beyond which causality is violated, is calculated. It is shown that both causal and non-causal solutions are allowed.
Green’s function for solving initial-boundary value problem of evolutionary partial differential equations
Authors: Jiang Jin-Cheng , Kuo Hung-Wen , Liang Meng-Hao 
Published: May 2023

We propose a new method to solve the initial-boundary value problem for hyperbolic-dissipative partial differential equations (PDEs) based on the spirit of LY algorithm [T.-P. Liu and S.-H. Yu, Dirichlet–Neumann kernel for hyperbolic-dissipative system in half-space, Bull. Inst. Math. Acad. Sin. 7 (2012) 477–543]. The new method can handle more general domains than that of LYs’. We convert the evolutionary PDEs into the elliptic PDEs by the Laplace transformation. Using the Laplace transformation of the fundamental solutions of the evolutionary PDEs and the image method, we can construct Green’s functions for the corresponding elliptic PDEs. Finally, we obtain Green’s functions for the evolutionary PDEs by inverting the Laplace transformation. As a consequence, we establish Green’s functions for some basic PDEs such as the heat equation, the wave equation and the damped wave equation, in a half space and a quarter plane with various boundary conditions. On the other hand, the structure of hyperbolic-dissipative PDEs means its fundamental solution is non-symestric and hence the image method does not work. We utilize the idea of Laplace wave train introduced by Liu and Yu in [Navier–Stokes equations in gas dynamics: Greens function, singularity and well-posedness, Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 75(2) (2022) 223–348] to generalize the image method. Combining this with the notions of Rayleigh surface wave operators introduced in [S. J. Deng, W. K. Wang and S.-H. Yu, Green’s functions of wave equations in [Formula: see text], Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 216 (2015) 881–903], we are able to obtain the complete representations of Green’s functions for the convection-diffusion equation and the drifted wave equation in a half space with various boundary conditions.
Charged wormholes in Hybrid metric-Palatini gravity
Authors: Godani Nisha 
Published: May 2023

The theory of Hybrid metric-Palatini gravity was proposed by Harko et al. [Metric-Palatini gravity unifying local constraints and late-time cosmic acceleration, Phys. Rev. D 85 (2012) 084016.] in 2012 which could explain both local and cosmological observations. In this paper, this theory has been taken into account to obtain static, spherical, and symmetric charged traversable wormhole solutions. The shape of the wormhole is determined in two different cases with the simplest form of scalar field potential. It is obtained that asymptotically flat wormholes are possible in each case. The energy conditions, namely, null, weak, and strong energy conditions are tested in each case and the results are compared.
COSTS AND BENEFITS OF THE PARIS CLIMATE TARGETS
Authors: TOL RICHARD S. J. 
Published: May 2023

The temperature targets in the Paris Agreement cannot be met without very rapid reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The latter requires large, perhaps prohibitively large subsidies. The central estimate of the costs of climate policy, unrealistically assuming least-cost implementation, is 3.8–5.6% of GDP in 2100. The central estimate of the benefits of climate policy, unrealistically assuming high no-policy emissions and constant vulnerability, is 2.8–3.2% of GDP. The uncertainty about the benefits is larger than the uncertainty about the costs. The Paris targets do not pass the cost-benefit test unless risk aversion is high and discount rate low.
Systematic YouTube Review – Trigger Finger Release
Authors: OLSON Jarod T. , COVARRUBIAS Oscar , MO Kevin C. , SCHMERLER Jessica , KURIAN Shyam J. , LAPORTE Dawn 
Published: May 2023

Background: With lack of regulation and incentivisation on YouTube for high-quality healthcare information, it is important to objectively evaluate the quality of information on trigger finger – a common condition for hand surgeon referral. Methods: YouTube was queried (11/21/2021) for videos on trigger finger release surgery. Videos were excluded if they were about unrelated topics or not in English. The most viewed 59 videos were categorised by source as physician or non-physician. Two independent reviewers quantified the reliability, quality and content of each video, with inter-rater reliability assessed using Kohen’s Kappa test. Reliability was assessed using the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) score. Quality was assessed using the DISCERN score with high-quality videos defined as those with scores in the sample upper 25th percentile. Content was assessed using the informational content score (ICS) with scores in the sample upper 25th percentile indicating more complete information. Two-sample t-tests and logistic regression were used to assess variations between sources. Results: Videos by physicians had higher DISCERN quality (42.6 ± 7.9, 36.4 ± 10.3; p = 0.02) and informational content (5.8 ± 2.6, 4.0 ± 1.7; p = 0.01) scores compared to those by non-physician sources. Videos by physicians were associated with increased odds of high-quality (Odds Ratio [OR] 5.7, 95% Confidence Interval [95% CI] 1.3–41.3) and provided more complete patient information (OR 6.3, 95% CI 1.4–48.9). The lowest DISCERN sub-scores for all videos were discussion of the uncertainties and risks associated with surgery. The lowest ICS for all videos were in the diagnosis of trigger finger (11.9%) and non-surgical prognosis (15.3%). Conclusions: Physician videos have more complete and higher quality information on trigger finger release. Additionally, discussion of treatment risks, areas of uncertainty, the diagnostic process, non-surgical prognosis and transparency on references used were identified as lacking content. Level of Evidence: Level III (Therapeutic)
Scalpel versus Electrocautery for Surgical Skin Incision in Open Carpal Tunnel Release
Authors: TANSKANEN Tuukka Jarmonpoika , RYHÄNEN Jorma Olavi , PÄÄKKÖNEN Markus Jarno Iikka 
Published: May 2023

Background: Electrocautery is an option for skin incision for the neck, abdominal or inguinal surgery, but is not generally used for hand surgery. The aim of this study was to clarify whether electrocautery skin incision would be beneficial in open carpal tunnel release (OCTR).Methods: A total of 16 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome underwent skin incision for OCTR using either a scalpel (n = 9) or a microdissection diathermy needle (n = 7). Postoperative pain was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS 0–100 mm) daily from postoperative days 1 till 7.Results: The diathermy group reported higher VAS scores (mean 80 mm) on the first postoperative day versus the scalpel group mean of 35 mm (p < 0.001). We continued measuring pain for 7 days after the surgery and found higher VAS scores for the diathermy group in the first 6 days.Conclusions: The use of electrocautery is associated with greater pain score in the first postoperative 6 days following OCTR.Level of Evidence: Level III (Therapeutic)