bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulsed Oral Azithromycin vs 6-Week Oral Doxycycline for Moderate to Severe Meibomian Gland Dysfunction
Authors: Upaphong Phit , Tangmonkongvoragul Chulaluck , Phinyo Phichayut 
Published: March 2023

ImportanceThe treatment of moderate to severe meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) with oral doxycycline requires a 6-week course of treatment and has frequent adverse effects (AEs), which may be associated with poor compliance.ObjectiveTo determine if the effects of a 3-week course of oral azithromycin were equivalent to the AEs of a 6-week course of oral doxycycline.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis double-masked randomized clinical trial was conducted at a referral center in Thailand from September 2018 to May 2022. Participants with moderate to severe MGD judged unresponsive to conservative management were included.InterventionsPatients were randomized 1:1 to receive oral azithromycin (1 g once per week for 3 weeks) or oral doxycycline (200 mg daily for 6 weeks).Main Outcomes and MeasuresAfter initiating therapy, the study team assessed the total MGD score and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score at the initial visit, at 6 weeks, and at 8 weeks, and assessed AEs at 6 weeks and 8 weeks. The prespecified equivalence margins for MGD score and OSDI score were set at ±2 and ±9, respectively.ResultsA total of 137 eyes from 137 patients were randomized into groups, 68 eyes in the azithromycin group and 69 eyes in the doxycycline group (female, 66.4%; mean age, 62.0 [SD, 15.1] years). The adjusted mean difference of total MGD scores between groups at week 6 and week 8 were −0.33 (95% CI, −1.70 to 1.03; P for equivalence = .01) and 0.13 (95% CI, −1.59 to 1.84; P for equivalence = .02), respectively. The adjusted mean difference of OSDI between groups score at week 6 and week 8 was −1.20 (95% CI, −5.31 to 2.91; P for equivalence  &amp;lt; .001) and −1.59 (95% CI, −5.73 to 2.55; P for equivalence  &amp;lt; .001), respectively. In addition, patients treated with azithromycin had fewer gastrointestinal AEs (4.4% vs 15.9%; risk difference, 11.5%; 95% CI 1.6%-21.4%; P = .03).Conclusions and RelevanceThese data support an equivalency of effects of azithromycin as compared with doxycycline for MGD score and OSDI score at both follow-up times. The study did not show more gastrointestinal AEs in the azithromycin group. The reduced dosing and potentially fewer gastrointestinal AEs associated with azithromycin support its use as an alternative to doxycycline for at least 6 weeks.Trial RegistrationThaiClinicalTrials.org Identifier: TCTR20180810001
Challenges of Shared Decision-making by Clinicians and Patients With Low-risk Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Yang Wanding , Lee Ying Ki , Lorgelly Paula , Rogers Simon N. , Kim Dae 
Published: March 2023

ImportanceSeveral international guidelines have endorsed more conservative treatment of low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer (LRDTC), yet patients are facing more treatment options with similar oncologic outcomes and are expressing feelings of confusion, dissatisfaction, and anxiety. Shared decision-making, which considers the patient’s values and preferences along with the most reliable medical evidence, has been proposed to optimize patient satisfaction in the context of the current clinical equipoise.ObjectivesTo understand key individual and behavioral factors affecting the patient and clinician decision-making process in treatment decision for LRDTC.Evidence ReviewThis systematic review and meta-ethnography involved a comprehensive literature search of MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and CINAHL databases for qualitative and mixed-method studies on patient and clinician experiences with the decision-making process for LRDTC treatment. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool; meta-ethnography was used for data analysis. Primary and secondary themes of the included studies were extracted, compared, and translated across articles to produce a lines-of-argument synthesis.FindingsOf 1081 publications identified, 12 articles met the inclusion criteria. The qualitative synthesis produced 4 themes: (1) a bimodal distribution of patient preferences for treatment decisions; (2) clinician anxiety affected equipoise and biased their recommendations; (3) clinicians struggled to identify patient concerns and preferences; and (4) the clinician-patient relationship and psychosocial support were key to shared decision-making but were frequently overlooked.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this systematic review and meta-ethnography emphasize the need for better patient-clinician communication, particularly with respect to eliciting patient concerns and preferences. With an ever-increasing pool of thyroid cancer survivors, future efforts should be directed at establishing and evaluating tools that will aid in shared decision-making for treatment of patients with LRDTC.Trial RegistrationPROSPERO Identifier: CRD42022286395
A Simple Guide to Effect Size Measures
Authors: Kallogjeri Dorina , Piccirillo Jay F. 
Published: March 2023

ImportanceEffect size quantifies the magnitude of the difference or the strength of the association between variables. In clinical research it is important to calculate and report the effect size and the confidence interval (CI) because it is needed for sample size calculation, meaningful interpretation of results, and meta-analyses.ObservationsThere are many different effect size measures that can be organized into 2 families or groups—d family and r family. The d family includes measures that quantify the differences between groups. The r family includes measures that quantify the strength of the association. Effect sizes that are presented in the same units as the characteristic being measured and compared are known as nonstandardized or simple effect sizes. The nonstandardized effect sizes have the advantage of being more informative, easier to interpret, and easier to evaluate in the light of clinical significance or practical relevance. Standardized effect sizes are unit-less and are helpful for combining and comparing effects of different outcome measures or across different studies (ie, meta-analysis).Conclusions and RelevanceThe choice of the correct effect size measure depends on the research question, study design, targeted audience, and the statistical assumptions being made. For a complete and meaningful interpretation of results from a clinical research study, the investigator should make clear the type of effect size being reported, its magnitude and direction, degree of uncertainty of the effect size estimate as presented by the CIs, and whether the results are compatible with a clinically meaningful effect.
Research on the actual use of the complex public library from the perspectives of visiting purpose and usage behavior connection between users' visiting purpose and space usage at St and Tg libraries
Authors: Shiwa Fumihiko , Fukumoto Nanami , Nitamizu Koji 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis research clarifies the following issues to obtain useful knowledge for future public library planning by capturing the behavior of the complex public library in Japan based on the user's purpose of visit. First, the functional structure and management policy of the complex public library in recent years were examined. Second, the connection between users' purpose of visit and the space used at St and Tg libraries were clarified. Finally, the users' purpose of visit, patterns and development of “by‐the‐way use,” and expansion of space used under “stop by use” were evaluated to determine the usage structure of the stay‐oriented library.
Updating and Validating the Rheumatic Disease Comorbidity Index to Incorporate ICD‐10‐CM Diagnostic Codes
Authors: Dolomisiewicz Anthony , Ali Hanifah , Roul Punyasha , Yang Yangyuna , Cannon Grant W. , Sauer Brian , Baker Joshua F. , Mikuls Ted R. , Michaud Kaleb , England Bryant R. 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveTo update and validate the Rheumatic Disease Comorbidity Index (RDCI) utilizing International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐10‐CM) codes.MethodsWe defined ICD‐9‐CM (n = 1,068) and ICD‐10‐CM (n = 1,425) era cohorts (n = 862 in both) spanning the ICD‐9‐CM to ICD‐10‐CM transition in a multicenter, prospective rheumatoid arthritis registry. Information regarding comorbidities was collected from linked administrative data over 2‐year assessment periods. An ICD‐10‐CM code list was generated from crosswalks and clinical expertise. ICD‐9– and ICD‐10–derived RDCI scores were compared using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). The predictive ability of the RDCI for functional status and death during follow‐up was assessed using multivariable regression models and goodness‐of‐fit statistics (Akaike's information criterion [AIC] and quasi information criterion [QIC]) in both cohorts.ResultsMean ± SD RDCI scores were 2.93 ± 1.72 in the ICD‐9‐CM cohort and 2.92 ± 1.74 in the ICD‐10‐CM cohort. RDCI scores had substantial agreement in individuals who were in both cohorts (ICC 0.71 [95% confidence interval 0.68–0.74]). Prevalence of comorbidities was similar between cohorts with absolute differences <6%. Higher RDCI scores were associated with a greater risk of death and poorer functional status during follow‐up in both cohorts. Similarly, in both cohorts, models including the RDCI score had the lowest QIC (functional status) and AIC (death) values, indicating better model performance.ConclusionThe newly proposed ICD‐10‐CM codes for the RDCI‐generated comparable RDCI scores to those derived from ICD‐9‐CM codes and are highly predictive of functional status and death. The proposed ICD‐10‐CM codes for the RDCI can be used in rheumatic disease outcomes research spanning the ICD‐10‐CM era.
Cell Electrospinning: A Mini‐Review of the Critical Processing Parameters and Its Use in Biomedical Applications
Authors: Elveren Beste , Kurečič Manja , Maver Tina , Maver Uroš 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFunctional tissue engineering is a widely studied area of research with increasing importance in regenerative medicine, as well as in the development of in vitro models used for drug discovery and mimicking diseased tissues, among other applications. Electrospinning (ES) is one of the most widely used methods in these fields. It has attracted considerable interest because it can produce materials resembling the extracellular matrix of native tissues. The micro/nanofibers produced by this method provide a cell‐friendly environment that promotes cellular activities. Cell electrospinning (C‐ES) is based on the fundamental ES process and enables the encapsulation of viable cells in a micro/nanofibrous mesh. In this review, the process of C‐ES and the materials used in this process are discussed. This work also discusses the applications of C‐ES in tissue engineering, focusing on recent advances in this field.
The Construction of Polyphotocage Platform for Anticancer Photochemotherapy
Authors: He Maomao , Wang Ran , Zhang Ruifeng , Miao Pengcheng , Wang Peiyuan , Wei Zhiyong , Leng Xuefei , Li Yang , Fan Jiangli , Peng Xiaojun , Sun Wen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPhotocages enable the precise activation of molecular function with light in many research fields, such as anticancer treatment, where remote spatiotemporal control over the release of an active drug is needed. However, the poor physiological stability and tumor accumulation of conventional small molecular photocages are significant obstacles to developing efficient therapy in vivo. In this study, a new concept of “polyphotocage” is proposed through photocage–polymer hybrid macromolecular engineering. Photoresponsive Ru complex photocage is designed and fused with PEGylated polycarbonates, resulting in the polyphotocage. Various anticancer drugs can be readily conjugated to the polyphotocage via coordination linkage, which can be cut off to release drugs by red light. The polyphotocages can self‐assemble into nanoparticles, which enhances the stability of the Ru photocage and demonstrates the efficient accumulation in different‐sized tumorswith a high signal‐to‐background ratio. Furthermore, rapid cellular internalization and mitochondrial anchoring capability allowed the polyphotocages to deliver drugs into the mitochondria, which induces mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. These properties ensure the effective delivery of anticancer drugs to solid tumors and multiple tiny tumors, ultimately inhibiting tumor proliferation. This strategy of polyphotocages provides a new platform for the future design of drug‐delivery systems for cancer photochemotherapy.
Defect Modulation in Cobalt Manganese Oxide Sheets for Stable and High‐Energy Aqueous Aluminum‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Jinlin , Gong Wenbin , Geng Fengxia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRechargeable aqueous Al‐ion batteries (AIBs) are promising low‐cost, safe, and high energy density systems for large‐scale energy storage. However, the strong electrostatic interaction between the Al3+ and the host material, usually leads to sluggish Al3+ diffusion kinetics and severe structure collapse of the cathode material. Consequently, aqueous AIBs currently suffer from low energy density as well as inferior rate capability and cycling stability. Here, defective cobalt manganese oxide nanosheets are reported as cathode material for aqueous AIBs to improve both reaction kinetics and stability, delivering a record high energy density of 685 Wh kg−1 (based on the masses of the cathode and anode) and a reversible capacity of 585 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 with a retention of 78% after 300 cycles. The impressive energy density and cycling stability are due to a synergistic effect between the substituted cobalt atoms and the manganese vacancies, which improve the structural stability and promote both electron conductivity and ion diffusion. When applied in aqueous Zn‐ion batteries, a high specific energy of 390 Wh kg−1 at 100 mA g−1 is realized while retaining 84% initial capacity over 1000 cycles. The study offers a new pathway to building next‐generation high‐energy aqueous rechargeable metal batteries.
Semiconductor Thermal and Electrical Properties Decoupled by Localized Phonon Resonances
Authors: Spann Bryan T. , Weber Joel C. , Brubaker Matt D. , Harvey Todd E. , Yang Lina , Honarvar Hossein , Tsai Chia‐Nien , Treglia Andrew C. , Lee Minhyea , Hussein Mahmoud I. , Bertness Kris A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThermoelectric materials convert heat into electricity through thermally driven charge transport in solids or vice versa for cooling. To compete with conventional energy‐conversion technologies, a thermoelectric material must possess the properties of both an electrical conductor and a thermal insulator. However, these properties are normally mutually exclusive because of the interconnection between scattering mechanisms for charge carriers and phonons. Recent theoretical investigations on sub‐device scales have revealed that nanopillars attached to a membrane exhibit a multitude of local phonon resonances, spanning the full spectrum, that couple with the heat‐carrying phonons in the membrane and cause a reduction in the in‐plane thermal conductivity, with no expected change in the electrical properties because the nanopillars are outside the pathway of voltage generation and charge transport. Here this effect is demonstrated experimentally for the first time by investigating device‐scale suspended silicon membranes with GaN nanopillars grown on the surface. The nanopillars cause up to 21% reduction in the thermal conductivity while the power factor remains unaffected, thus demonstrating an unprecedented decoupling in the semiconductor's thermoelectric properties. The measured thermal conductivity behavior for coalesced nanopillars and corresponding lattice‐dynamics calculations provide evidence that the reductions are mechanistically tied to the phonon resonances. This finding paves the way for high‐efficiency solid‐state energy recovery and cooling.
Unraveling the Electrochemical Mechanism in Tin Oxide/MXene Nanocomposites as Highly Reversible Negative Electrodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Gentile Antonio , Arnold Stefanie , Ferrara Chiara , Marchionna Stefano , Tang Yushu , Maibach Julia , Kübel Christian , Presser Volker , Ruffo Riccardo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries are constantly developing as the demands for power and energy storage increase. One promising approach to designing high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries is using conversion/alloying materials, such as SnO2. This class of materials does, in fact, present excellent performance and ease of preparation; however, it suffers from mechanical instabilities during cycling that impair its use. One way to overcome these problems is to prepare composites with bi‐dimensional materials that stabilize them. Thus, over the past 10 years, two‐dimensional materials with excellent transport properties (graphene, MXenes) have been developed that can be used synergistically with conversion materials to exploit both advantages. In this work, a 50/50 (by mass) SnO2/Ti3C2Tz nanocomposite is prepared and optimized as a negative electrode for lithium‐ion batteries. The nanocomposite delivers over 500 mAh g−1 for 700 cycles at 0.1 A g−1 and demonstrates excellent rate capability, with 340 mAh g−1 at 8 A g−1. These results are due to the synergistic behavior of the two components of the nanocomposite, as demonstrated by ex situ chemical, structural, and morphological analyses. This knowledge allows, for the first time, to formulate a reaction mechanism with lithium‐ions that provides partial reversibility of the conversion reaction with the formation of SnO.
Controlling the Composition and Position of Metal–Organic Frameworks via Reactive Inkjet Printing
Authors: Gregory David Alexander , Nicks Joshua , Artigas‐Arnaudas Joaquin , Harris Michael S. , Foster Jonathan A. , Smith Patrick J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractReactive inkjet printing (RIJ) is demonstrated as a new approach to the patterning of surfaces with metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). RIJ is an emerging manufacturing technique that jets solutions of reagents onto a substrate allowing them to react in situ to form the desired material. MOFs have the potential to perform a variety of useful sensing, catalytic, separation and storage applications within sophisticated devices, however, their insolubility makes them challenging to process into complex shapes and patterns. The RIJ approach offers advantages over conventional inkjet printing in that it allows stable solutions of different ligand and metal ions to be combined in a “mix‐and‐match” way. Here, the benefits of the RIJ approach are demonstrated to optimize the stoichiometry of the printed MOF, print a variety of different frameworks using common inks, and create gradients where the composition of the printed MOFs gradually varies between one isoreticular structure and another. Proof of principle is also demonstrated for the approach by demonstrating size selective encapsulation of a dye within a RIJ printed MOF. It is anticipated that this approach will be broadly applicable to the printing of MOFs and related materials enhancing their use across a variety of different applications.
Profiling of Circulating Tumor Cells for Screening of Selective Inhibitors of Tumor‐Initiating Stem‐Like Cells
Authors: Chen Chia‐Lin , Hernandez Juan Carlos , Uthaya Kumar Dinesh Babu , Machida Tatsuya , Tahara Stanley M. , El‐Khoueiry Anthony , Li Meng , Punj Vasu , Swaminathan Suresh Kumar , Kirtane Ameya , Chen Yibu , Panyam Jayanth , Machida Keigo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA critical barrier to effective cancer therapy is the improvement of drug selectivity, toxicity, and reduced recurrence of tumors expanded from tumor‐initiating stem‐like cells (TICs). The aim is to identify circulating tumor cell (CTC)‐biomarkers and to identify an effective combination of TIC‐specific, repurposed federal drug administration (FDA)‐approved drugs. Three different types of high‐throughput screens targeting the TIC population are employed: these include a CD133 (+) cell viability screen, a NANOG expression screen, and a drug combination screen. When combined in a refined secondary screening approach that targets Nanog expression with the same FDA‐approved drug library, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor(s) combined with all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) demonstrate the highest efficacy for inhibition of TIC growth in vitro and in vivo. Addition of immune checkpoint inhibitor further decreases recurrence and extends PDX mouse survival. RNA‐seq analysis of TICs reveals that combined drug treatment reduces many Toll‐like receptors (TLR) and stemness genes through repression of the lncRNA MIR22HG. This downregulation induces PTEN and TET2, leading to loss of the self‐renewal property of TICs. Thus, CTC biomarker analysis would predict the prognosis and therapy response to this drug combination. In general, biomarker‐guided stratification of HCC patients and TIC‐targeted therapy should eradicate TICs to extend HCC patient survival.
Graphene Nano‐Blister in Graphite for Future Cathode in Dual‐Ion Batteries: Fundamentals, Advances, and Prospects
Authors: He Yitao , Dong Yujie , Zhang Yaohui , Li Yongtao , Li Haijin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe intercalating of anions into cost‐effective graphite electrode provides a high operating voltage, therefore, the dual‐ion batteries (DIBs) as novel energy storage device has attracted much attention recently. The “graphene in graphite” has always existed in the graphite cathode of DIBs, but has rarely been researched. It is foreseeable that the graphene blisters with the intact lattice structure in the shell can utilize its ultra‐high elastic stiffness and reversible lattice expansion for increasing the storage capacity of anions in the batteries. This review proposes an expected “blister model” by introducing the high elasticity of graphene blisters and its possible formation mechanism. The unique blisters composed of multilayer graphene that do not fall off on the graphite surface may become indispensable in nanotechnology in the future development of cathode materials for DIBs.
Ultrafast 3D Hybrid‐Ion Transport in Porous V2O5 Cathodes for Superior‐Rate Rechargeable Aqueous Zinc Batteries
Authors: Wang Tianhao , Li Shengwei , Weng Xinger , Gao Lei , Yan Yu , Zhang Ning , Qu Xuanhui , Jiao Lifang , Liu Yongchang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLayered V2O5 is a star cathode material of rechargeable aqueous zinc‐based batteries (RAZBs) owing to the rich redox chemistry of vanadium, which commonly exhibits the 2D ion‐diffusion mechanism through Zn2+ (de)intercalation at edge sites but is plagued by the inert basal planes. Here, hierarchically porous V2O5 nanosheets vertically grown on carbon cloth (V2O5/C) are innovatively prepared, where the porous structure with lattice defects successfully unlocks the V2O5 basal plane to provide additional ion‐diffusion channels and abundant active sites. Thus, highly efficient and ultrafast 3D Li+/Zn2+ co‐insertion/extraction behaviors along both the c‐axis and ab plane of V2O5 are realized for the first time in the formulated 15 m LiTFSI + 1 m Zn(CF3SO3)2 aqueous electrolyte, as elucidated by systematic ex situ analyses, multiple electrochemical measurements, and theoretical computations. As a result, the porous V2O5/C electrode delivers an exceptional high‐rate capability (up to 100 A g−1) and an ultralong cycling durability (15 000 cycles) in RAZBs. Finally, quasi‐solid‐state wearable rechargeable zinc batteries employing the porous V2O5/C cathode demonstrate respectable performance even under severe deformations and low temperatures. This work achieves a conceptual breakthrough represented by an upgrading of the traditional 2D ion transportation in layered cathodes to the more facile 3D diffusion for designing high‐performance battery electrochemistry.