bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visualizing the role of applied voltage in non-metal electrocatalysts
Authors: Wang Ziyuan , Chen Jun , Ni Chenwei , Nie Wei , Li Dongfeng , Ta Na , Zhang Deyun , Sun Yimeng , Sun Fusai , Li Qian , Li Yuran , Chen Ruotian , Bu Tiankai , Fan Fengtao , Li Can 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Understanding how applied voltage drives the electrocatalytic reaction at the nanoscale is a fundamental scientific problem, particularly in non-metallic electrocatalysts, due to their low intrinsic carrier concentration. Herein, using monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) as a model system of non-metallic catalyst, the potential drops across the basal plane of MoS2 (ΔVsem) and the electric double layer (ΔVedl) are decoupled quantitatively as a function of applied voltage through in-situ surface potential microscopy. We visualize the evolution of the band structure under liquid conditions and clarify the process of EF keeping moving deep into Ec, revealing the formation process of the electrolyte gating effect. Additionally, electron transfer (ET) imaging reveals that the basal plane exhibits high ET activity, consistent with the results of surface potential measurements. The potential-dependent behavior of kf and ns in the ET reaction are further decoupled based on the measurements of ΔVsem and ΔVedl. Comparing the ET and hydrogen evolution reaction imaging results suggests that the low electrocatalytic activity of the basal plane is mainly due to the absence of active sites, rather than its electron transfer ability. This study fills an experimental gap in exploring driving forces for electrocatalysis at the nanoscale and addresses the long-standing issue of the inability to decouple charge transfer from catalytic processes.
Exploring Young Adults’ Beliefs About Cigar Smoking by Susceptibility: A Belief Elicitation Study
Authors: Phan Lilianna , Seyl Christen , Chen-Sankey Julia , Niederdeppe Jeff , Guy Mignonne C , Sterling Kymberle L , Choi Kelvin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Young adults are at risk for cigar smoking, which is associated with cancers and pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. Little is known about young adults’ beliefs about smoking cigarillos, little filtered cigars, and large cigars, and how these beliefs may vary across cigar types and by cigar susceptibility.

Aims and Methods
The larger study surveyed a U.S. sample of young adults (18–30 years old) who never used tobacco products (n = 948) through Qualtrics online panel services in August 2021–January 2022. We assessed participants’ susceptibility to using different cigar types. Participants were randomly assigned to open-ended questions about one of the three cigar types to elicit behavioral, normative, and control beliefs. We conducted thematic analysis to code emergent themes within each belief and examined the frequency of reported themes at the intersection of cigar type and cigar susceptibility.

Results
Cigar susceptible participants reported positive behavioral beliefs (eg, anticipated relaxation, mood regulation, being cool), friends as supportive referents, and easy-to-smoke control beliefs (eg, high accessibility, low cost) more frequently than non-susceptible participants. Varied frequency by cigar type also emerged. For example, cigarillo and little filtered cigar features were mentioned more frequently as easy-to-smoke control beliefs, while low accessibility was reported more frequently as a hard-to-smoke control belief for large cigars.

Conclusions
Findings identify salient beliefs about cigarillo, little filtered cigar, and large cigar smoking among young adult tobacco never-users. Future research should investigate the potential importance of these beliefs in cigar smoking susceptibility and initiation among young adults, and their potential utility in prevention research.

Implications
This thematic analysis identified salient beliefs about cigarillos, little filtered cigars, and large cigars among a U.S. young adult sample, and differentiated emergent beliefs by cigar susceptibility status and by cigar type. Given the lack of cigar smoking prevention media campaigns, identifying these beliefs is the one of the first steps in developing effective cigar smoking prevention strategies. Future quantitative studies are needed to confirm the relationships between these beliefs and smoking initiation of each cigar type to further inform the types of beliefs to be targeted in strategic communication and help prevent cigar smoking initiation among susceptible young adults.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to evaluate plant-based omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patient biomarkers and parameters
Authors: Moore Ella , Patanwala Imran , Jafari Alireza , Davies Ian G , Kirwan Richard P , Newson Lisa , Mazidi Mohsen , Lane Katie E 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Context
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is prevalent in 25–30% of British and European populations, representing a potential global public health crisis. Marine omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids offer well-evidenced benefits to NAFLD biomarkers; however, the effect of plant-based n-3 has not been evaluated with a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective
The review aimed to systematically evaluate the effect of plant-based n-3 supplementation on NAFLD surrogate biomarkers and parameters.

Data Sources
Medline (EBSCO), PubMed, CINAHL (EBSCO), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and Google Scholar databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials published between January 1970 and March 2022 evaluating the impact of plant-based n-3 interventions on diagnosed NAFLD. The review followed the PRISMA checklist and is PROSPERO registered (CRD42021251980).

Data Extraction
A random-effects model and generic inverse variance methods synthesized quantitative data, followed by a leave-one-out method for sensitivity analysis. We identified 986 articles; after the application of selection criteria, six studies remained with 362 patients with NAFLD.

Results
The meta-analysis showed that plant-based n-3 fatty acid supplementation significantly reduced alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (mean difference: 8.04 IU/L; 95% confidence interval: 14.70, 1.38; I2 = 48.61%) and plasma/serum triglycerides (44.51 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval: –76.93, –12.08; I2 = 69.93%), alongside body-composition markers in patients with NAFLD (P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusion
Plant-based n-3 fatty acid supplementation improves ALT enzyme biomarkers, triglycerides, body mass index, waist circumference, and weight loss when combined with lifestyle interventions to increase physical activity and a calorie-controlled diet. Further research is needed to identify the most effective plant-based n-3 sources in larger numbers of patients with NAFLD over longer study durations.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021251980.
Treatment of Piperacillin-Tazobactam–Nonsusceptible/Ceftriaxone-Susceptible Infections With Carbapenem Versus Carbapenem-Sparing Antimicrobials
Authors: Cao John , Dubrovskaya Yanina , Siegfried Justin , Decano Arnold , Mazo Dana , Hochman Sarah , Zacharioudakis Ioannis M , So Jonathan , Solomon Sadie , Papadopoulos John , Marsh Kassandra 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae with a piperacillin-tazobactam–nonsusceptible/ceftriaxone-susceptible (TZP-NS/CRO-S) phenotype have been increasingly identified, with limited available literature evaluating treatment strategies.

Methods
This was a retrospective study of noncritically ill adults hospitalized between 2013 and 2021 and treated at least 48 hours for TZP-NS/CRO-S E coli or K pneumoniae infections. The primary composite endpoint included escalation to intensive care unit, infection- or treatment-related readmission, mortality, and infection recurrence. Outcomes were compared between groups who received carbapenem (CG) versus carbapenem-sparing agents (CSG) as targeted gram-negative therapy.

Results
Of 1062 patients screened, 200 were included (CG, n = 51; CSG, n = 149). Baseline characteristics, including Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI; median [interquartile range], 6 [3–9] vs 6 [4–9]; P = .704), were similar between groups, except for more immunocompromised CG patients (29% vs 11%, P = .001). The most common infection sources were urinary (31% vs 57%, P = .002) and bloodstream (18% vs 17%, P = .887). Eighty-eight percent of the CG received meropenem, while 58% of the CSG received ceftriaxone as targeted therapy. There was no statistical difference in the primary endpoint between overall groups (27% vs 17%, P = .123), nor when stratified by infection source. More patients in the CSG switched to oral therapy (15 [29%] vs 100 [67%], P &lt; .001). In multivariate analysis, CCI was an independent predictor of the primary outcome (odds ratio [OR], 1.199 [95% confidence interval, 1.074–1.340]; P = .001), while treatment with carbapenem-sparing therapy was not.

Conclusions
Our study did not find improved clinical outcomes with targeted carbapenem therapy for TZP-NS/CRO-S infections. Carbapenem-sparing agents may be considered to spare carbapenems in noncritically ill patients similar to those included in our cohort.
Maternal Breast Milk Secretor Phenotype Does Not Affect Infant Susceptibility to Rotavirus Diarrhea
Authors: Williams Frank B , Kader Md Abdul , Dickson Dorothy M , Colgate E Ross , Alam Masud , Haque Rashidul , Petri William A , Kirkpatrick Beth D , Lee Benjamin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Breast milk secretor status is associated with antibody seroconversion to oral rotavirus vaccination. Here, we were unable to detect a similar impact on risk of infant rotavirus diarrhea or vaccine efficacy through 2 years of life, underscoring limitations of immunogenicity assessment alone in evaluation of oral rotavirus vaccine response.
Eradicating Pulmonary Mycobacterium abscessus: The Promise of Dual β-Lactam Therapy
Authors: Alahmdi Bayan , Dousa Khalid M , Kurz Sebastian G , Kaufman Andrew , Bonomo Robert A , Taimur Sarah 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Macrolide resistance has rendered the treatment of Mycobacterium abscessus extremely difficult and is fueling a crisis. Recently, there has been dramatically increased incidence of infections by M abscessus. Select dual β-lactam combinations have shown promising in vitro results. Herein, we present a patient whose M abscessus infection cured using dual β-lactams as part of multidrug regimen.
Detection of six massive contact binaries with tertiary component candidates in the Small Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Wu Chu-Qi , Qian Sheng-Bang , Li Fu-Xing , Zhu Li-Ying , Zhao Er-Gang , Liao Wen-Ping 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
To study massive binaries in different evolution stages or environments, we use the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) as our target because the metallicity in the SMC is much lower than that in our Milky Way. The period change of early-type close binary systems in the SMC was studied based on OGLE collections. Six of these systems are found to have periodic period changes. Since all of them are of early type, the light-traveltime effect probably created by these massive binaries with third bodies is used to explain such a phenomenon. We use the Wilson–Devinney code (WD method) to analyze their I-band photometric light curves. The results show the six third bodies as having orbital periods from 6.41–24.65 yr and minimum masses from 0.31–4.11 M⊙. Among all six systems, three have a negative $\dot{P}$, which means that their periods keep decreasing. In addition, from the WD result, we find there are three deep-contact binaries, one intermediate-contact binary, and two shallow-contact binaries. The fraction of companions in massive contact binaries is quite high based on this sample, which may demonstrate the notion of high multiplicity in massive binary stars. This might mean that additional components may play an important role in the evolution of massive close binaries.
Les commotions cérébrales liées au sport et les mises en échec chez les enfants et les adolescents : l’évaluation, la prise en charge et les répercussions sur les politiques
Authors: Goulet Kristian , Beno Suzanne 
Published: June 2023

RésuméLes commotions cérébrales sont des lésions courantes tant dans un contexte sportif et de loisirs qu’ailleurs, et elles demeurent une grave préoccupation chez les enfants et les adolescents. Toute jeune personne chez qui on soupçonne une commotion cérébrale devrait être soumise à une évaluation médicale le plus rapidement possible, et lorsque la commotion est subie pendant une activité sportive, la victime doit être immédiatement retirée du jeu afin d’éviter des lésions secondaires. Une brève période initiale de repos physique et cognitif est suivie d’un protocole graduel et supervisé de retour à l’apprentissage et de retour au jeu. Tous les intervenants qui participent aux sports et aux loisirs chez les enfants et les adolescents doivent être en mesure de reconnaître les risques de commotion cérébrale, de même que les signes et symptômes s’y rattachant. Ils doivent également s’assurer que toute personne chez qui on soupçonne une commotion est évaluée et prise en charge de manière appropriée par du personnel médical qualifié. L’évolution des données et des publications scientifiques a renforcé à la fois la compréhension de la physiopathologie des commotions cérébrales et les conseils de prise en charge clinique, particulièrement en matière de soins aigus, de symptômes persistants et de prévention. Le présent document de principes revient également sur la relation entre les mises en échec au hockey et le taux de blessures et préconise de changer les politiques au hockey mineur.
Career adaptability to prevent unexpected careers and burnout for woman employees in the remote work era
Authors: Aminah Siti , Hidayah Nur , Hanurawan Fattah , Indreswari Henny , Rangka Itsar Bolo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Since the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, female remote workers need career adaptability. The main reason is that women are susceptible to mental health issues like burnout and unexpected career. To balance public and domestic roles, women need access to new skills and professional networks.
Quantitative results of the Romanov type representation functions
Authors: Chen Yong-Gao , Ding Yuchen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
For α &gt; 0, let$$\mathscr{A}=\{a_1 \lt a_2 \lt a_3\lt\cdots\}$$and$$\mathscr{L}=\{\ell_1, \ell_2, \ell_3,\cdots\} \quad \text{(not\ necessarily\ different)}$$be two sequences of positive integers with $\mathscr{A}(m)\gt(\log m)^\alpha $ for infinitely many positive integers m and $\ell_m\lt0.9\log\log m$ for sufficiently large integers m. Suppose further that $(\ell_i,a_i)=1$ for all i. For any n, let $f_{\mathscr{A},\mathscr{L}}(n)$ be the number of the available representations listed below$$\ell_in=p+a_i \quad \left(1\le i\le \mathscr{A}(n)\right),$$where p is a prime number. It is proved that$$\limsup_{n\to \infty } \frac{f_{\mathscr{A},\mathscr{L}}(n)}{\log\log n}\gt0,$$which covers an old result of Erdős in 1950 by taking $a_i=2^i$ and $\ell_i=1$. One key ingredient in the argument is a technical lemma established here, which illustrates how to pick out the admissible parts of an arbitrarily given set of distinct linear functions. The proof then reduces to the verifications of a hypothesis involving well-distributed sets introduced by Maynard, which of course would be the other key ingredient in the argument.
FinTech, Investor Sophistication, and Financial Portfolio Choices
Authors: Gambacorta Leonardo , Gambacorta Romina , Mihet Roxana 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper analyzes the links between advances in financial technology, investors’ sophistication, and the composition and returns of their financial portfolios. We develop a simple portfolio choice model under asymmetric information and derive some theoretical predictions. Using detailed microdata from Banca d’Italia, we test these predictions for Italian households over the period 2004-2020. In general, heterogeneity in portfolio composition and in returns between sophisticated and unsophisticated investors grows with improvements in financial technology. This heterogeneity is reduced only if financial technology is accessible to everyone and if investors have a similar capacity to use it. (JEL: G1, G5, G4, D83, L8, O3)
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Arterial stiffness tested by pulse wave velocity and augmentation index for cardiovascular risk stratification in antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Evangelatos Gerasimos , Konstantonis George , Tentolouris Nikolaos , Sfikakis Petros P , Tektonidou Maria G 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Arterial stiffness (ArS) has emerged as a predictor of future cardiovascular events in the general population. We aimed to assess ArS in patients with thrombotic APS versus diabetes mellitus (DM) and healthy controls (HC) and identify predictors of increased ArS in APS.

Methods
ArS was evaluated by carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and augmentation index normalized to 75 beats/min (AIx@75) using the SphygmoCor device. Participants also underwent carotid/femoral ultrasound for atherosclerotic plaque detection. We used linear regression to compare ArS measures among groups and assess ArS determinants in the APS group.

Results
We included 110 patients with APS (70.9% female, mean age 45.4 years), 110 DM patients and 110 HC, all age/sex matched. After adjustment for age, sex, cardiovascular risk factors and plaque presence, APS patients exhibited similar cfPWV [β = −0.142 (95% CI −0.514, 0.230), p = 0.454] but increased AIx@75 [β = 4.525 (95% CI 1.372, 7.677), p = 0.005] compared with HC and lower cfPWV (p &lt; 0.001) but similar AIx@75 (p = 0.193) versus DM patients. In the APS group, cfPWV was independently associated with age [β = 0.056 (95% CI 0.034, 0.078), p &lt; 0.001], mean arterial pressure (MAP) [β = 0.070 (95% CI 0.043, 0.097), p &lt; 0.001], atherosclerotic femoral plaques [β = 0.732 (95% CI 0.053, 1.411), p = 0.035] and anti-β2-glycoprotein I IgM positivity [β = 0.696 (95% CI 0.201, 1.191), p = 0.006]. AIx@75 was associated with age [β = 0.334 (95% CI 0.117, 0.551), p = 0.003], female sex [β = 7.447 (95% CI 2.312, 12.581), p = 0.005] and MAP [β = 0.425 (95% CI 0.187, 0.663), p = 0.001].

Conclusion
APS patients exhibit elevated AIx@75 vs HC and similar to DM patients, indicating enhanced arterial stiffening in APS. Given its prognostic value, ArS evaluation may help to improve cardiovascular risk stratification in APS.
Cardiorespiratory fitness assessed with cardiopulmonary exercise testing in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pella Eva , Sgouropoulou Vasiliki , Theodorakopoulou Marieta , Iatridi Fotini , Boutou Afroditi , Karpetas Antonios , Papagianni Aikaterini , Sarafidis Pantelis , Dimitroulas Theodoros 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objectives
JIA is the most common type of arthritis in children and adolescents, causing joint damage, chronic pain and disability. Deconditioning is also prevalent in patients with JIA due to both inactivity and the disease progression, resulting in reduced cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). We aimed to evaluate CRF of patients with JIA compared with healthy controls.

Methods
This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies using cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) to examine differences in determinants of CRF between patients with JIA vs healthy controls. The primary outcome was peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak). Literature search involved PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases, manual search of article references and grey literature. Quality assessment was undertaken with Newcastle–Ottawa Scale.

Results
From 480 literature records initially retrieved, eight studies (538 participants) were included in final meta-analysis. VO2peak was significantly lower in patients with JIA compared with controls [weighted mean difference (WMD): −5.95 ml/kg/min (95% CI −9.26, −2.65)]. Exercise duration and VO2peak (% predicted) were found to be significantly impaired in patients with JIA compared with controls [standardized mean difference: −0.67 (95% CI −1.04, −0.29) and WMD: −11.31% (95% CI −20.09, −2.53), respectively], while no significant differences were found in maximum heart rate.

Conclusion
VO2peak and other CPET variables were lower in patients with JIA compared with controls, indicating reduced CRF in the former. Overall, exercise programs for patients with JIA should be promoted as part of their treatment to improve physical fitness and reduce muscle atrophy.

PROSPERO Registration
CRD42022380833.
Auditory Cortex Thickness Is Associated With N100 Amplitude in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Slapø Nora Berz , Nerland Stener , Jørgensen Kjetil Nordbø , Mørch-Johnsen Lynn , Pettersen Johanne Hagen , Roelfs Daniel , Parker Nadine , Valstad Mathias , Pentz Atle , Timpe Clara M F , Richard Geneviève , Beck Dani , Frogner Werner Maren C , Lagerberg Trine Vik , Melle Ingrid , Agartz Ingrid , Westlye Lars T , Steen Nils Eiel , Andreassen Ole A , Moberget Torgeir , Elvsåshagen Torbjørn , Jönsson Erik G 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
The auditory cortex (AC) may play a central role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and auditory hallucinations (AH). Previous schizophrenia studies report thinner AC and impaired AC function, as indicated by decreased N100 amplitude of the auditory evoked potential. However, whether these structural and functional alterations link to AH in schizophrenia remain poorly understood.

Study Design
Patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SCZspect), including patients with a lifetime experience of AH (AH+), without (AH−), and healthy controls underwent magnetic resonance imaging (39 SCZspect, 22 AH+, 17 AH−, and 146 HC) and electroencephalography (33 SCZspect, 17 AH+, 16 AH−, and 144 HC). Cortical thickness of the primary (AC1, Heschl’s gyrus) and secondary (AC2, Heschl’s sulcus, and the planum temporale) AC was compared between SCZspect and controls and between AH+, AH−, and controls. To examine if the association between AC thickness and N100 amplitude differed between groups, we used regression models with interaction terms.

Study Results
N100 amplitude was nominally smaller in SCZspect (P = .03, d = 0.42) and in AH− (P = .020, d = 0.61), while AC2 was nominally thinner in AH+ (P = .02, d = 0.53) compared with controls. AC1 thickness was positively associated with N100 amplitude in SCZspect (t = 2.56, P = .016) and AH− (t = 3.18, P = .008), while AC2 thickness was positively associated with N100 amplitude in SCZspect (t = 2.37, P = .024) and in AH+ (t = 2.68, P = .019).

Conclusions
The novel findings of positive associations between AC thickness and N100 amplitude in SCZspect, suggest that a common neural substrate may underlie AC thickness and N100 amplitude alterations.