bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of topographic hot spots on the refractive outcomes of combined DMEK and cataract surgery
Authors: Rotfogel Ziv , Pellegrini Marco , Franco Elena , Zauli Giorgio , Yu Angeli Christy , Busin Massimo 
Published: April 2023

Purpose:
To compare the refractive results of combined Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) and cataract surgery in eyes with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) with and without topographic hot spots.

Setting:
“Villa Igea” Hospital, Forlì, Italy.

Design:
Interventional case series.

Methods:
57 eyes of 52 patients with FECD undergoing combined DMEK, cataract surgery, and monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) implantation were included in this single-center study. Patients were classified based on the presence or absence of topographic hot spots on the preoperative axial power map. Prediction error (PE) was calculated as the postoperative manifest spherical equivalent (SE) refraction minus the SE predicted refraction.

Results:
6 months postoperatively, mean PE was +0.79 ± 1.12 diopters (D). In eyes with hot spots, mean keratometry (K), K flat, and K steep significantly decreased after surgery (all P < .05), whereas no significant changes were observed in eyes without hot spots (all P > .05). Eyes with hot spots showed a significantly more hyperopic PE than eyes without hot spots (+1.13 ± 1.23 vs +0.40 ± 0.86 D; P = .013).

Conclusions:
Combined DMEK and cataract surgery can result in a hyperopic refractive surprise. The presence of topographic hot spots before surgery is associated with a higher hyperopic shift.
Strategies for Recruiting Young African American Men for Primary Stroke Prevention Research
Authors: Araya Semere , Aycock Dawn M. , Oliver Yodit , Davis Precious Steeples , Taylor Jovon Caldwell 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundAfrican American (AA) men bear a disproportionate burden of cardiovascular disease and stroke but are often underrepresented in research.ObjectiveThis article describes the development and evaluation of a recruitment plan to reach young AA men for the Stroke Counseling for Risk Reduction in Men project.MethodsThe plan was developed from researchers' previous experiences and a literature review, and used to recruit AA men, ages 20 to 35 years, for focus groups about stroke and Stroke Counseling for Risk Reduction.ResultsScreening survey respondents (N = 81) were reached mostly by word of mouth (42%) and social media (28%). Focus group participants (N = 32) recommended appropriate incentives and social media to recruit young AA men for research. They also suggested learning about the study from a friend, colleague, or study participant could motivate participation.ConclusionThe plan was successful in reaching and enrolling an adequate sample. Findings and recommendations highlight the importance of social networks and trusted sources.
Primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation
Authors: Hunt Mallory L. , Cantu Edward 
Published: April 2023

Purpose of review
Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is a clinical syndrome occurring within the first 72 h after lung transplantation and is characterized clinically by progressive hypoxemia and radiographically by patchy alveolar infiltrates. Resulting from ischemia-reperfusion injury, PGD represents a complex interplay between donor and recipient immunologic factors, as well as acute inflammation leading to alveolar cell damage. In the long term, chronic inflammation invoked by PGD can contribute to the development of chronic lung allograft dysfunction, an important cause of late mortality after lung transplant.

Recent findings
Recent work has aimed to identify risk factors for PGD, focusing on donor, recipient and technical factors both inherent and potentially modifiable. Although no PGD-specific therapy currently exists, supportive care remains paramount and early initiation of ECMO can improve outcomes in select patients. Initial success with ex-vivo lung perfusion platforms has been observed with respect to decreasing PGD risk and increasing lung transplant volume; however, the impact on survival is not well delineated.

Summary
This review will summarize the pathogenesis and clinical features of PGD, as well as highlight treatment strategies and emerging technologies to mitigate PGD risk in patients undergoing lung transplantation.
Lung preservation: from perfusion to temperature
Authors: Bromberger Bianca , Brzezinski Marek , Kukreja Jasleen 
Published: April 2023

Purpose of review
This article will review the evidence behind elements of the lung preservation process that have remained relatively stable over the past decade as well as summarize recent developments in ex-vivo lung perfusion and new research challenging the standard temperature for static cold storage.

Recent findings
Ex-vivo lung perfusion is becoming an increasingly well established means to facilitate greater travel distance and allow for continued reassessment of marginal donor lungs. Preliminary reports of the use of normothermic regional perfusion to allow utilization of lungs after DCD recovery exist, but further research is needed to determine its ability to improve upon the current method of DCD lung recovery. Also, research from the University of Toronto is re-assessing the optimal temperature for static cold storage; pilot studies suggest it is a feasible means to allow for storage of lungs overnight to allow for daytime transplantation, but ongoing research is awaited to determine if outcomes are superior to traditional static cold storage.

Summary
It is crucial to understand the fundamental principles of organ preservation to ensure optimal lung function posttransplant. Recent advances in the past several years have the potential to challenge standards of the past decade and reshape how lung transplantation is performed.
A Novel 3D Printing and Model Processing Technique for creating High-Fidelity Transparent 3D Craniofacial Models
Authors: Hendren-Santiago Bryce K. , Prescher Hannes , Gomez Isabella , Reid Russell R. 
Published: April 2023

Summary:
The use of high-fidelity stereolithographic models that accurately reflect patient-specific pathology has become commonplace in craniofacial surgery. Multiple studies have reported the use of commercially available 3D printers that allow limited-resource medical centers to reconstruct 3D models comparable to industry-made counterparts. However, most models are printed using only a single filament, which portrays the surface craniofacial anatomy, but fails to highlight relevant intraosseous structures. This presents a significant limitation when used for pre-operative planning and intraoperative guidance in surgeries requiring osteotomies where knowledge of the precise location of critical structures is paramount to avoid injury. The authors report a novel technique for creating transparent 3D models of relevant intraosseous craniofacial anatomy at a cost that mitigates the financial burden of industrial 3D model or industrial 3D printer acquisition. Cases are presented herein to demonstrate the diverse applications of this technique, with accurate display of the tooth roots, the inferior alveolar nerve, and optic nerve to aid in preoperative planning of osteotomies. This technique enables production of low-cost high fidelity transparent 3D models with applications in preoperative planning for craniofacial surgery.
Beyond Neighborhood Disadvantage: Local Resources, Green Space, Pollution, and Crime as Residential Community Correlates of Cardiovascular Risk and Brain Morphology in Midlife Adults
Authors: Gianaros Peter J. , Miller Portia L. , Manuck Stephen B. , Kuan Dora C.-H. , Rosso Andrea L. , Votruba-Drzal Elizabeth E. , Marsland Anna L. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective
Residing in communities characterized by socioeconomic disadvantage confers risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Residing in disadvantaged communities may also confer the risk of neurodegenerative brain changes via cardiometabolic pathways. This study tested whether features of communities—apart from conventional socioeconomic characteristics—relate not only to cardiometabolic risk but also to relative tissue reductions in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus.

Methods
Participants were 699 adults aged 30 to 54 years (340 women; 22.5% non-White) whose addresses were geocoded to compute community indicators of socioeconomic disadvantage, as well as air and toxic chemical pollutant exposures, homicide rates, concentration of employment opportunities, land use (green space), and availability of supermarkets and local resources. Participants also underwent assessments of cortical and hippocampal volumes and cardiometabolic risk factors (adiposity, blood pressure, fasting glucose, and lipids).

Results
Multilevel structural equation modeling demonstrated that cardiometabolic risk was associated with community disadvantage (β = 0.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.01 to 0.18), as well as chemical pollution (β = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.02 to 0.19), homicide rates (β = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.01 to 0.18), employment opportunities (β = −0.16, 95% CI = −0.27 to −0.04), and green space (β = −0.12, 95% CI = −0.20 to −0.04). Moreover, cardiometabolic risk indirectly mediated the associations of several of these community features and brain tissue volumes. Some associations were nonlinear, and none were explained by participants’ individual-level socioeconomic characteristics.

Conclusions
Features of communities other than conventional indicators of socioeconomic disadvantage may represent nonredundant correlates of cardiometabolic risk and brain tissue morphology in midlife.
Mid-term Renal and Mesenteric Artery Outcomes During Fenestrated and Branched Endovascular Aortic Repair for Complex Abdominal and Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms in the United States Aortic Research Consortium
Authors: Tenorio Emanuel R. , Schanzer Andres , Timaran Carlos H. , Schneider Darren B. , Mendes Bernardo C. , Eagleton Matthew J. , Farber Mark A. , Parodi Federico Ezequiel , Gasper Warren J. , Beck Adam W. , Sweet Matthew P. , Huang Ying , Oderich Gustavo S. ,   on behalf of the U.S. Fenestrated and Branched Aortic Research Consortium
Published: April 2023

Objective:
To report mid-term outcomes of renal-mesenteric target arteries (TAs) after fenestrated-branched endovascular aortic repair (FB-EVAR) of complex abdominal and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm.

Background:
TA instability (TAI) is the most frequent indication for reintervention after FB-EVAR.

Methods:
Data from consecutive patients enrolled in 9 prospective nonrandomized physician-sponsored investigational device exemption studies between 2005 and 2020 were reviewed. TA outcomes through 5 years of follow-up were analyzed for vessels incorporated by fenestrations or directional branches (DBs), including TA patency, endoleak, integrity failure, reintervention, and instability.

Results:
A total of 1681 patients had 6349 renal-mesenteric arteries were targeted using 3720 fenestrations (59%), 2435 DBs (38%), and 194 scallops (3%). Mean follow was 23 ± 21 months. At 5 years, TAs incorporated by fenestrations had higher primary (95 ± 1% vs 91 ± 1%, P < 0.001) and secondary patency (98 ± 1% vs 94 ± 1%, P < 0.001), and higher freedom from TAI (87 ± 2% vs 84 ± 2%, P = 0.002) compared with TAs incorporated by DBs, with no differences in other TA events. DBs targeted by balloon-expandable stent-grafts had significantly lower freedom from TAI (78 ± 4% vs 88 ± 1%, P = 0.006), TA endoleak (87 ± 3% vs 97 ± 1%, P < 0.001), and TA reintervention (83 ± 4% vs 95 ± 1%, P < 0.001) compared with those targeted by self-expandable stent-grafts

Conclusions:
Incorporation of renal and mesenteric TA during FB-EVAR is safe and durable with high 5-year patency rates and low freedom from TAI. DBs have lower patency rates and lower freedom from TAI than fenestrations, with better performance for self-expandable stent grafts as compared with balloon-expandable stent grafts.
Influence of parental anthropometry and gestational weight gain on intrauterine growth and neonatal outcomes: Findings from the MAI cohort study in rural India
Authors: Deshpande Mugdha , Miriam Demi , Shah Nikhil , Kajale Neha , Angom Jyotsna , Bhawra Jasmin , Gondhalekar Ketan , Khadilkar Anuradha , Katapally Tarun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundPoor foetal growth and subsequent low birth weight are associated with an increased risk for disease later in life. Identifying parental factors that determine foetal growth are important to curbing intergenerational malnutrition, especially among disadvantaged populations in the global south where undernutrition rates are high. The objective of this study was to assess the relationships between parental biometry, intrauterine growth and neonatal outcomes, while factoring in socioeconomic status of historically disadvantaged households in rural IndiaMaterial and MethodsUsing data from the prospective longitudinal cohort, pregnant women from rural Pune, India (n = 134) were assessed between August 2020 and November 2022. Data on socio-demography, ultrasound measurements, parental and foetal anthropometry were collected. Multiple linear regression models were run to predict determinants of foetal intrauterine and neonatal growth (pvalue<0.05). The dependent variables were ultrasound measurements and neonatal biometry, and independent variables were gestational weight gain, parental and mid-parental height.ResultsMean(±SD) maternal age, maternal height, paternal height and mid-parental height were 22.8±3.7 years, 153.6±5.5cm, 165.9±6.5cm and 159.1±8.7cm, respectively. Pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain was 20.5±4.0 kg/m2and 9.8±3.7kg respectively. Mid-parental height and gestational weight gain were strongly correlated with neonatal growth and foetal intrauterine growth (p<0.05); however, the correlation peaked at 28 weeks of gestation(p<0.05). Gestational weight gain (B=28.7,p=0.00) and mid-parental height (B=14.3,p=0.00) were identified as strong determinants of foetal-intrauterine growth and neonatal anthropometry at birth. Maternal height was found to influence length of male neonate (B=0.18,p=0.00), whereas, paternal height influenced length of the female neonate (B=0.11,p=0.01).ConclusionParental socio-economic status, biometry and maternal gestational weight gain influence growth of the child starting from the intrauterine period. Our study underlines the need for interventions during pre-pregnancy, as well as during pregnancy, for optimal weight gain and improved foetal and neonatal outcomes.
Initial Observation of Contrast Profiles for 2D and 3D MRI Sequences in MR-Guided Radiation Therapy for Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Gill Gobind S. , Hunt Brady , Zhang Rongxiao , Williams Benjamin B. , Zaki Bassem I. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPurposeIn our experience treating locally advanced pancreatic cancer (PC) with magnetic resonance-guided radiation therapy (MRgRT), the true-fast imaging with steady-state free precession (TRUFI) sequences used to generate real-time 2D MRI (2D cine) impart differing intensities for relevant structures when compared to the pre-treatment high resolution 3D MRI (3D MRI). Since these variations can confound target tracking selection, we propose that an understanding of the differing contrast profiles could improve selection of tracking structures.Methods and MaterialsWe retrospectively reviewed both 2D cine and 3D MRI images for 20 patients with PC treated with MRgRT. At simulation, an appropriate tracking target was identified and contoured on a single 3mm sagittal slice of the 3D MRI. This sagittal slice was directly compared to the co-registered 7mm 2D cine to identify structures with notable discrepancies in signal intensity. The 3D MRI was then explored in additional planes to confirm structure identities. For quantitative verification of the clinically observed differences, the pixel intensity distributions of 2D cine and 3D MRI DICOM image datasets were statistically compared.ResultsIn all patients reviewed, arteries (aorta, celiac, SMA, HA) appeared mildly hyperintense on both scans. However, veins (PV, SMV) appeared hyperintense on 2D cine but isointense on 3D MRI. Biliary structures appeared mildly hyperintense on 2D cine but starkly hyperintense on 3D MRI. The pixel intensity distributions extracted from 2D cine and 3D MRI images were confirmed to differ significantly (two sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test; test statistic =0.40; p <0.001).ConclusionsThere are significant variations in image intensity between the immediate pre-treatment 2D cine when compared to the initial planning 3D MRI. Understanding variations of image intensity between the different MRI sequences used in MRgRT is valuable to radiation oncologists and may lead to improved target tracking and optimized treatment delivery.
Intracranial electroencephalography reveals effector-independent evidence accumulation dynamics in multiple human brain regions
Authors: Gherman Sabina , Markowitz Noah , Tostaeva Gelana , Espinal Elizabeth , Mehta Ashesh D. , O’Connell Redmond G. , Kelly Simon P. , Bickel Stephan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNeural representations of perceptual decision formation that are abstracted from specific motor requirements have previously been identified in humans using non-invasive electrophysiology, however, it is currently unclear where these originate in the brain. Here, we capitalized on the high spatiotemporal precision of intracranial EEG to localize such abstract decision signals. Presurgical epilepsy patients judged the direction of random-dot stimuli and responded either with a speeded button press (N=23), or vocally, after a randomized delay (N=11). We found a widely distributed motor-independent network of regions where high-frequency activity exhibited key characteristics consistent with evidence accumulation, including a gradual build-up that was modulated by the strength of the sensory evidence, and an amplitude that predicted subjects’ choice accuracy and response time. Our findings offer a new view on the brain networks governing human decision making.
A transcriptome analysis ofOsNAC02Ko-mutant during vegetative endosperm development
Authors: Yan Mei , Jiao Guiai , Shao Gaoneng , Chen Ying , Zhu Maodi , Yang Lingwei , Xie Lihong , Hu Peisong , Tang Shaoqing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Ko-Osnac02mutant matured earlier than the wild type (WT) in 15 days obviously. The result showed that theKo-Osnac02chalky with white-core and white-belly mature endosperm. The seed filling rate plays a major role in determining the yield and quality of rice (Oryza sativa L. versus japonica). Interestingly, in the Ko-Osnac02seeds, higher amylose content (AC) was observed in vegetative endosperm (5DAP), while lower amylose content (AC) and higher soluble sugar content were observed in the mature endosperm. RNA-Seq analysis of N2/N3 seed (3DAPs) and the WT revealed that among the top differentially expressed genes (DEGs), the OsBAM2 (LOC_Os10g32810) expressed significantly high which involved in starch degradation. In addition, seven genes were expressed at a lower-level in pro-pro interactions inducing the chalky endosperm formation in N2 mutant seeds (3 DAP), which could be verified by heatmap diagrams based on DEGs of N2 versus WT. The cell cycler controlling the Tubulin genes downregulated their expression together with the MCM family genes MCM4 ( ↓ ), MCM7 ( ↑ ), which may cause white-core in the early endosperm development. In conclusion, the developing period shorten significantly in the Ko-Osnac02mutants may cause the chalkiness in seeds during the early endosperm development.ONE SENTENCE SUMMARYThe geneOsNAC02which controls a great genetic co-network for cell cycle regulation in early development, and Ko-Osnac02mutant shows prematurity and white-core in endosperm.
Models of underlying autotrophic biomass dynamics fit to daily river ecosystem productivity estimates improve understanding of ecosystem disturbance and resilience
Authors: Blaszczak Joanna R. , Yackulic Charles B. , Shriver Robert K. , Hall Robert O. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDirectly observing autotrophic biomass at ecologically relevant frequencies is difficult in many ecosystems, hampering our ability to predict productivity through time. Since disturbances can impart distinct reductions in river productivity through time by modifying underlying standing stocks of biomass, mechanistic models fit to productivity time series can infer underlying biomass dynamics. We incorporated biomass dynamics into a river ecosystem productivity model for six rivers to identify disturbance flow thresholds and understand the resilience of primary producers. The magnitude of flood necessary to disturb biomass and thereby reduce ecosystem productivity was consistently lower than the more commonly used disturbance flow threshold of the flood magnitude necessary to mobilize river bed sediment. The estimated daily maximum percent increase in biomass (a proxy for resilience) ranged from 5% to 42% across rivers. Our latent biomass model improves understanding of disturbance thresholds and recovery patterns of autotrophic biomass within river ecosystems.
Evidence for Involvement ofWDPCPGene in Alcohol Consumption, Lipid Metabolism, and Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: O’Farrell Felix , Aleyakpo Benjamin , Mustafa Rima , Jiang Xiyun , Pinto Rui Climaco , Elliott Paul , Tzoulaki Ioanna , Dehghan Abbas , Loh Samantha H. Y. , Barclay Jeff W. , Martins L. Miguel , Pazoki Raha 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAlcohol consumption continues to cause a significant health burden globally. The advent of genome-wide association studies has unraveled many genetic loci associated with alcohol consumption. However, the biological effect of these loci and the pathways involved in alcohol consumption and its health consequences such as alcohol liver disease (ALD) remain to be elucidated. We combined human studies with model organismsDrosophila melanogasterandCaenorhabditis elegansto shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying alcohol consumption and the health outcomes caused by alcohol intake. Using genetics and metabolite data within the Airwave study, a sample of police forces in the UK, we performed several analyses to identify changes in circulating metabolites that are triggered by alcohol consumption. We selected a set of genes annotated to genetic variants that are (1) known to be implicated in alcohol consumption, (2) are linked to liver function, and (3) are associated with expression (cis-eQTL) of their annotated genes. We used mutations and/or RNA interference (RNAi) to suppress the expression of these genes inC. elegansandDrosophila. We examined the effect of this suppression on ethanol consumption and on the sedative effects of ethanol. We also investigated the alcohol-induced changes in triacylglycerol (TGA) levels inDrosophilaand tested differences in locomotion ofC. elegansafter acute exposure to ethanol. In human population, we found an enrichment of the alcohol-associated metabolites within the linoleic acid (LNA) and alpha linolenic acid (ALA) metabolism pathway. We further showed the effect ofACTR1BandMAPTon locomotionin C. elegansafter exposure to ethanol. We demonstrated that three genes namelyWDPCP, TENM2andGPN1modify TAG levels inDrosophila. Finally, we showed that gene expression ofWDPCPin human population is linked to liver fibrosis and liver cirrhosis. Our results underline the impact of alcohol consumption on metabolism of lipids and pinpointsWDPCPas a gene with potential impact on fat accumulation upon exposure to ethanol suggesting a possible pathway to ALD.