bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
18F-DCFPyL PET versus 18F-PSMA-1007 PET for the Detection of Prostate Cancer Biochemical Recurrence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Huo Huasong , A Gu , Shen Shurui , Wu Shouwang , Zhang Hongwei , Chen Zhuo , Yang Fuwei 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the ability of 18F-DCFPyL positron emission tomography (PET) and 18F-PSMA-1007 PET to detect biochemical recurrence (BCR) in prostate cancer for different prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and recurrence locations.Methods The PubMed and Embase databases were searched for relevant publications until March 2023. All studies evaluating the detection rate of BCR in prostate cancer using either 18F-DCFPyL PET or 18F-PSMA-1007 PET were included. The detection rates of the two radiotracers were evaluated using the DerSimonian and Laird method and transformed with the Freeman-Tukey double inverse sine transformation.Results A total of 31 studies with 3,184 patients were included in this analysis. The pooled overall detection rate was 0.77 (95% CI: 0.70–0.83) for18F-DCFPyL PET and 0.82 (95% CI:0.75–0.88) for 18F-PSMA-1007 PET. The overall detection rate for BCR did not differ significantly between the 2 radiotracers (P = 0.35). The PSA levels had no impact on the detection rate (all P > 0.05) except for PSA levels between 0.5 and 2 ng/ml, whereby 18F-PSMA-1007 PET had a significantly higher (P < 0.01) detection rate. The presence of local recurrence, lymph node metastasis, bone metastasis, and viscera metastasis (all P > 0.05) had no significant difference on the detection rate between the two tracers.Conclusions 18F-PSMA-1007 PET seems to have higher positivity rate in 0.5-2.0 ng/ml PAS level. However, histopathological confirmation as a reference standard was lack among the included studies. Further larger studies with histopathology as the gold standard are warranted.
Staphylococcus aureus Dormancy: Waiting for Insurgency
Authors: Nasser Ahmad , Jahanbakhshi Shiva , Soltan Dallal Mohammad Mehdi , Banar Maryam , Sattari-Maraji Azin , Azimi Taher 
Published: April 2023

Abstract:
Relapse infection usually results from resistance to the antibiotic, acquired genes, or
persister cells. Persister cells are formed through mutation, reduced activity or metabolically inactive
pathways induced by antibiotics, harassing conditions, low ATP, and malnutrition. These
factors provide the ground for bacteria to grow slowly. Such a slow growth rate makes traditional
antibiotics ineffective against persister cells. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), in addition to this
form, can be observed in Small Colony Variants (SCVs), L-forms, and dormant, all of which are
characterized by at least one feature, i.e., slow growth. Despite their slow growth, they are metabolically
active in terms of stringent SOS and cell wall stress responses. The stress response involves
resistance against harassing conditions, and it survives until it is reactivated later. The present
study aims to discuss the mechanisms of all persister cell formations, circumstances involved,
gene mutation, and adoptable strategies against it.
Bioassay-guided Isolation and Identification of Antidiabetic Compounds
from Naregamia alata
Authors: Rodrigues Wilson Joel , Nekrakaleya Bhagya , Ramaiah Chandrashekar Konambi , Poojary Boja 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Naregamia alata is an endemic herb of Western Ghats with traditional medicinal uses and pharmacological activities, viz. anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antipyretic, hepatoprotective and antidiabetic effects. However, no information is available on the phyto-constituents of N. alata responsible for antidiabetic activities.

Objective:
Isolation and identification of compound/s from the dichloromethane fraction of methanol extract of N. alata and to confirm the antidiabetic activity using streptozotocin induced diabetic rat models.

Methods:
The DCM fraction obtained from the methanol extract of N. alata was fractionated using column chromatography. The fractions with in vivo antidiabetic activity were characterised chemically using GCMS, FTIR, and 1H NMR to identify the phytochemicals responsible for the antidiabetic activities.

Results:
The study showed the antidiabetic effect of DCM fraction with the regulation of serum biochemical parameters. The chemical characterisation of the fractions responsible for the in vivo antidiabetic effect revealed the presence of hexadecanoic acid methyl ester and 13-docosenamide as two major compounds in one of the fractions (Fraction 1) and citronellol in another fraction (Fraction 2.2.1).

Conclusion:
The study highlights the role of hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, 13-docosenamide and citronellol in a reversal of serum biochemical parameters along with body weight in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats to near normal suggesting the potential antidiabetic properties of these compounds.
Human Liver Organoid Models for Assessment of Drug Toxicity at the
Preclinical Stage
Authors: Karabicici Mustafa , Akbari Soheil , Ertem Ozge , Gumustekin Mukaddes , Erdal Esra 
Published: April 2023

Abstract:
The hepatotoxicity of drugs is one of the leading causes of drug withdrawal from the pharmaceutical market and high drug attrition rates. Currently, the commonly used hepatocyte models include conventional hepatic cell lines and animal models, which cannot mimic human drug-induced liver injury (DILI) due to poorly defined dose-response relationships and/or lack of human-specific mechanisms of toxicity. In comparison to 2D culture systems from different cell sources such as primary human hepatocytes and hepatomas, 3D organoids derived from an inducible pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) or adult stem cells are promising accurate models to mimic organ behavior with a higher level of complexity and functionality owing to their ability to self-renewal. Meanwhile, the heterogeneous cell composition of the organoids enables meta-bolic and functional zonation of hepatic lobule important in drug detoxification and has the ability to mimic idiosyncratic DILI as well. Organoids having higher drug-metabolizing enzyme capacities can culture long-term and be combined with microfluidic-based technologies such as organ-on-chips for a more precise representation of human susceptibility to drug response in a high-throughput manner. However, there are numerous limitations to be considered about this technology, such as enough maturation, differences between protocols and high cost. Herein, we first reviewed the current preclinical DILI assessment tools and looked at the organoid tech-nology with respect to in vitro detoxification capacities. Then we discussed the clinically appli-cable DILI assessment markers and the importance of liver zonation in the next generation or-ganoid-based DILI models.
A Specificity Protein 1 assists the Progression of the Papillary Thyroid Cell
Line by Initiating NECTIN4
Authors: Chen Jie , Bhandari Adheesh , Hirachan Suzita , Lv Shihui , Mainali Sumnima , Zheng Chen , Hao Rutian 
Published: April 2023

Aims:
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is one of the subtypes of thyroid cancer with increasing
incidence worldwide, but the molecular mechanism is still unclear.

Background:
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is one of the subtypes of thyroid cancer with increasing
incidence worldwide, but the molecular mechanism is still unclear. Studies have indicated that
nectin cell adhesion molecule 4 (NECTIN4) was an oncogene and played an important role in the
development and progression of PTC. Meanwhile, specificity protein 1 (SP1) expresses many important
oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. However, the relationship between NECTIN4 and
SP1 in regulating PTC growth is unclear.

Objective:
In the present study, reverse transcription PCR was utilized to detect the mRNA expression
of NECTIN4 and SP1 in thyroid cancer cell lines and normal thyroid cell lines. Chromatin
immunoprecipitation assays and luciferase reporter assays were used to study whether SP1 could
bind to the promoter region of NECTIN4 and activate its transcription. The biological functions of
SP1 correlated with NECTIN4 were also performed in TPC-1 and KTC1 cell lines.

Methods:
The study revealed that the mRNA expression level of SP1 and NECTIN-4 showed a
positive correlation and were upregulated in PTC cell lines. Moreover, the results of ChIP and luciferase
reporter assays showed that SP1 could bind to the NECTIN4 promoter regions and activate
the transcriptional level of NECTIN4.

Results:
The experiments in vitro showed that SP1 could promote cell proliferation, colony formation,
migration, and invasion by regulating NECTIN4 in PTC cells.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, our study, for the first time, demonstrated that SP1 could control the
transcriptional regulation of NECTIN4 and accelerate the growth of PTC, which may provide a
new potential therapeutic target for PTC patients.
Modeling, Optimization, and Simulation of Nanomaterials-Based Organic
Thin Film Transistor for Future Use in pH Sensing
Authors: Moorthy Vijai Meyyappan , Mohan Viranjay Srivastava 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
Applications of Organic Thin Film Transistor (OTFT) range from flexible
screens to disposable sensors, making them a prominent research issue in recent decades. A very accurate
and exact pH sensing determination, including biosensors, is essential for these sensors.

Methods:
In this present research work, authors have proposed a nanomaterial-based OTFT for future
pH monitoring and other biosensing applications. This work presents a numerical model of a pH sensor
based on Carbon Nano Tubes (CNTs). Sensing in harsh conditions may be possible with the CNTs due
to their strong chemical and thermal resilience. This research work describes the numerical modeling of
Bottom-Gate Bottom-Contact (BGBC) OTFTs with a Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube
(s-SWCNT) and C60 fullerene blended active layer.

Results:
The design methodology of organic nanomaterial-based OTFTs has been presented with various
parameter extraction precisely its electrical characteristics, modeled by adjusting the parameters of
the basic semiconductor technology. For an active layer thickness of 200 nm, the drain current of the
highest-performing s-SWCNT:C60 -based OTFT structure was around 4.25 A. This demonstrates that it
is better than previously reported patents and published works.

Conclusion:
This allows for an accurate representation of the device's electrical characteristics. Using
Gold (Ag) Source/Drain (S/D) and back-gate electrodes as the medium for sensing, it has been realized
how the thickness of the active layer impacts the performance of an OTFT for pH sensor applications.
A Review on Nanotechnology Mediated - Herbal Drug Delivery for the
Treatment of Obesity
Authors: Shree Dipthi , Patra Chinam Niranjan , Sahoo Biswa Mohan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract:
Since ancient times, traditional herbs have been widely used around the world for health promotion
and therapy. Obesity is a complex metabolic disorder and is becoming a mammoth problem that
adversely affects an individual’s quality of life. Conventional therapy for the management of obesity
mainly involves the use of synthetic moiety and bariatric surgical procedures which has severe side effects
and patient non-compliance. To circumvent these limitations, plant-derived medicines are utilized
which are safe, effective, economic, and easily available. The advancement of nanotechnology enables
the development of novel strategies that could potentiate the therapeutic efficacy of the phytoconstituents
with minimal toxic effects and promotes the controlled release of the plant bioactive compounds. Moreover,
great efforts have been made through targeted nanotechnology-based herbal treatment, where novel
nanocarriers are employed as herbal drug delivery vehicles to improve the pharmacokinetics of antiobesity
drugs. The recent advancement in phytonanotechnology have opened an avenue to explore novel
carriers to utilize bioactive compounds in biomedical and therapeutic applications. In the current review,
an extensive search is conducted for the existing original research articles using databases i.e., Google
Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, Baidu, etc. Further, painstaking efforts are made to compile
and update the novel herbal nanocarriers such as liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, etc. which are widely
used for the treatment of obesity. This article portrays a comprehensive survey of the novel strategies
employed by the innovators working exclusively on herbal drug delivery systems. The recent development
of nanotechnology-based herbal drug delivery has a wide range of biomedical applications and has
provided an unprecedented opportunity to improve the treatment of obesity and obesity-related comorbidities.
Furthermore, the advancement of phytopharmacological science has led to several novel strategies
with improved nanotherapeutics for the management of obesity. Scientific research is still being carried
out in the field of nanotechnology for a better perspective on herbal drug delivery for obesity treatment
over conventional therapy.
Treatment of cryptorchidism in pediatric surgical practice: a multicenter study
Authors: Axelrov M. A. , Minaev S. V. , Razin M. P. , Yusupov Sh. A. , Tsap N. A. , Tarakanov V. A. , Shamsiev J. A. , Karpova I. Yu. , Smolentsev M. M. , Sergienko T. V. , Baturov M. A. , Daniyarov E. S. , Strizhenok D. S. , Grigoruk E. H. , Mikhalev O. Yu. , Komarova S. Yu. , Bykov N. I. , Barova N. K. , Trushin P. V. , Gramzin A. V. , Aslanov D. A. , Grigorova A. N. 
Published: April 2023

Introduction. Cryptorchidism is a common disease in pediatric urological and andrological practice since the issues of tactical approaches and its optimal treatment remain extremely relevant. Cryptorchidism makes a significant contribution to the structure of male infertility.Objective. To conduct a retrospective analysis of treatment results in children and adolescents with cryptorchidism.Materials & methods. This study summarises the treatment results of 8308 patients with cryptorchidism aged from 6 months to 17 years who underwent inpatient treatment in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Uzbekistan.Results. It was revealed that from 2015 to 2019, patients were admitted for surgical treatment evenly over the years. The ratio of right-sided / left-sided / bilateral cryptorchidism was 4.6 : 4.4 : 1 The inguinal form prevailed more than 6 times over the abdominal location. At the same time, 26.1% of the patients underwent surgery at the optimal time, and 9.8% were older than 10 years. More often, children are operated from an open inguinal access (95.0%), much less often — laparoscopically and percutaneously. Stage-by-stage treatment was carried out in 6.0% of patients.Conclusion. Thus, the approach presented in the study in the surgical treatment of cryptorchidism provided good treatment results. The number of disease relapses was 1.9% (mainly among children over 7 years old). Most surgeons are very reserved about primary orchidectomies (only 3.8% were performed).
Pathomorphism of buccal grafts used in surgery of extensive bulbar urethral strictures: immunohistochemical analysis
Authors: Mitusov V. V. , Voronova O. V. , Glukhov V. P. , Vasiliev O. N. , Amirbekov B. G. , Loskutov M. G. 
Published: April 2023

Introduction. The adverse effects of urine on unadapted tissues are known. This is also entirely relevant for buccal grafts used in augmentation urethroplasty, where these effects have not been thoroughly studied so far.Objective. To assess the ongoing pathomorphosis in buccal grafts used for urethral augmentation of extensive strictures in the bulbous region and to evaluate how much urine influences their histological transformation following surgery.Materials & methods. The study included 15 patients with extensive strictures of the bulbous urethra, who underwent a two-stage augmentation urethroplasty with buccal grafts. The grafts pathomorphosis was studied 6 months after the first surgery stage where urethrotomy had been performed with graft augmentation of the dorsal semicircle and the formation of distal and proximal neomeatuses. Natural urination through the latter was restored on days 14 – 20 following the surgery. During the second stage, six months later, urethral tubularisation was performed with two preliminary biopsies of the proximal and distal segments of the grafts implanted in the areas of the neomeatuses formed earlier. The distal area of the graft had no contact with urine, while this contact has occurred in the proximal segment since restoration of natural urination. In biopsy specimens, pathomorphosis of the grafts was studied using immunohistochemical markers: vimentin, clone SRL33; CD34, clone QBEnd/10; MSA HHF-35; СD3, clone LN10; Bcl-2, clone bcl-2\100\D5; CK-HMW 34BE-12.Results. It was found that inflammation was minimal in areas of grafts implanted that had no contact with urine, while in areas where such contact occurred it was verified to be pronounced even 6 months after the operation. On the submucosal level, this was manifested by an uneven arrangement of collagen fibers, a dysplastically developed vascular network, uneven proliferation of the endothelium with swelling and loss of cellular connectivity, in contrast to areas where there was no contact with urine. In such areas, the graft submucosa had a dense collagen framework with organized microvasculature and uniform epithelial surface.Conclusion. The impact of urine on buccal grafts used in augmentation urethroplasty is characterised by the disorganisation of its collagen framework, with a pronounced inflammatory component and the “reactivity” of the epithelial lining to the “toxic agent” that persists even 6 months after surgery. This may underlie the risk of a stenosis relapse in the proximal anastomosis area.
Adaptive Content Tuning of Social Network Digital Health Interventions Using Control Systems Engineering for Precision Public Health: Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Rocha Paulo , Pinheiro Diego , de Paula Monteiro Rodrigo , Tubert Ela , Romero Erick , Bastos-Filho Carmelo , Nuno Miriam , Cadeiras Martin 
Published: April 2023

Background
Social media has emerged as an effective tool to mitigate preventable and costly health issues with social network interventions (SNIs), but a precision public health approach is still lacking to improve health equity and account for population disparities.

Objective
This study aimed to (1) develop an SNI framework for precision public health using control systems engineering to improve the delivery of digital educational interventions for health behavior change and (2) validate the SNI framework to increase organ donation awareness in California, taking into account underlying population disparities.

Methods
This study developed and tested an SNI framework that uses publicly available data at the ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA) level to uncover demographic environments using clustering analysis, which is then used to guide digital health interventions using the Meta business platform. The SNI delivered 5 tailored organ donation–related educational contents through Facebook to 4 distinct demographic environments uncovered in California with and without an Adaptive Content Tuning (ACT) mechanism, a novel application of the Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) method, in a cluster randomized trial (CRT) over a 3-month period. The daily number of impressions (ie, exposure to educational content) and clicks (ie, engagement) were measured as a surrogate marker of awareness. A stratified analysis per demographic environment was conducted.

Results
Four main clusters with distinctive sociodemographic characteristics were identified for the state of California. The ACT mechanism significantly increased the overall click rate per 1000 impressions (β=.2187; P<.001), with the highest effect on cluster 1 (β=.3683; P<.001) and the lowest effect on cluster 4 (β=.0936; P=.053). Cluster 1 is mainly composed of a population that is more likely to be rural, White, and have a higher rate of Medicare beneficiaries, while cluster 4 is more likely to be urban, Hispanic, and African American, with a high employment rate without high income and a higher proportion of Medicaid beneficiaries.

Conclusions
The proposed SNI framework, with its ACT mechanism, learns and delivers, in real time, for each distinct subpopulation, the most tailored educational content and establishes a new standard for precision public health to design novel health interventions with the use of social media, automation, and machine learning in a form that is efficient and equitable.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NTC04850287; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04850287
Control estructural de mineralizaciones por dilatancias debido a expansividad térmica diferencial (en depósitos diseminados) y flexiones de fallas (en venas): revisión e hipótesis de trabajo
Authors: Rossello Eduardo Antonio , López-Isaza Julián Andrés 
Published: April 2023

La generación de espacios dilatantes en las rocas hospedantes es fundamental para facilitar la circulación y acumulación de fluidos mineralizantes con potencial económico. En depósitos diseminados, los cambios volumétricos y morfológicos en rocas con cuarzo y feldespato, debido a sus coeficientes de dilatación (contracción) térmica diferencial relativa, determinan dilatancia haciéndolos porosos y permeables a los fluidos. Las constantes de dilatación térmica contrastantes para el cuarzo y el feldespato en procesos termocrecientes y termodecrecientes se revisan mediante el modelado volumétrico del efecto de una variación significativa de la transición de cuarzo α−β alrededor de 575 °C. Este fenómeno podría variar desde 0.4 % para un granitoide con bajo contenido de cuarzo hasta 1.2 % durante el enfriamiento de un boxwork porfírico típico. En el caso de cuerpos vetiformes, el fallamiento produce dilatación por flexión transtensiva con aumento de su influencia cuando muestran formas irregulares, escalonadas o flexuradas. De acuerdo con la Ley de Anderson, las porciones de estas fallas serán dilatantes cuando el ángulo con el esfuerzo principal compresivo subparalelo (γ = ángulo entre σ1 y la superficie de falla) es pequeño. El conocimiento morfoestructural y cinemático de los mecanismos generadores de dilatancia controlante de las mineralizaciones constituye una valiosa y práctica metodología de trabajo, que contribuye al pronóstico de localización de los mejores sectores de mineralización en volumen y calidad durante las actividades de prospección y exploración. Ambos mecanismos físicos que generan la dilatancia en las rocas huésped son factores de suma importancia en la definición económica de las mineralizaciones que las ocupan.