bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Femtosecond Optical Kerr Gate in tissues
Authors: Meyer Henry J. , Mamani Sandra , Alfano Robert R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Optical Kerr Effect is investigated for the first time in biological tissues. This nonlinear effect was explored in both human brain and avian breast tissues using a time‐resolved femtosecond pump‐probe Optical Kerr Gate that looks for phase changes that arise in the probe from the pump induced Kerr refractive index change. The tissue samples produced a unique ultrafast (700–800 fs) doubled peaked temporal signal, which is indicative of interplay between the different ultrafast mechanisms (electronic plasma and molecular) that make up the Kerr index. The unique profile was replicated in theoretical simulations. The properties of the temporal profile varied between samples suggesting that it could be used as a new diagnostic. Understanding this behavior can help improve the scientific understanding of nonlinear spectral diagnostic techniques and potentially create a new Kerr‐based optical biopsy method.
Review on electrically conductive smart nerve guide conduit for peripheral nerve regeneration
Authors: Rahman Mustafijur , Mahady Dip Tanvir , Padhye Rajiv , Houshyar Shadi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAt present, peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) are one of the leading causes of substantial impairment around the globe. Complete recovery of nerve function after an injury is challenging. Currently, autologous nerve grafts are being used as a treatment; however, this has several downsides, for example, donor site morbidity, shortage of donor sites, loss of sensation, inflammation, and neuroma development. The most promising alternative is the development of a nerve guide conduit (NGC) to direct the restoration and renewal of neuronal axons from the proximal to the distal end to facilitate nerve regeneration and maximize sensory and functional recovery. Alternatively, the response of nerve cells to electrical stimulation (ES) has a substantial regenerative effect. The incorporation of electrically conductive biomaterials in the fabrication of smart NGCs facilitates the function of ES throughout the active proliferation state. This article overviews the potency of the various categories of electroactive smart biomaterials, including conductive and piezoelectric nanomaterials, piezoelectric polymers, and organic conductive polymers that researchers have employed latterly to fabricate smart NGCs and their potentiality in future clinical application. It also summarizes a comprehensive analysis of the recent research and advancements in the application of ES in the field of NGC.
Elsinochrome A induces cell apoptosis and autophagy in photodynamic therapy
Authors: Yao Yuanyuan , Pan Lili , Song Wenlong , Yuan Yizhen , Yan Shuzhen , Yu Shuqin , Chen Shuanglin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractElsinochrome A (EA) is a perylene quinone natural photosensitizer, photosensitizer under light excitation generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) to induce apoptosis, so can be used for treating tumors, that is so‐called photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, the molecular mechanism, especially related to apoptosis and autophagy, is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the mechanism of EA‐PDT‐induced B16 cells apoptosis and autophagy. The action of EA‐PDT on mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and the mitochondrial function were researched by fluorescence technique and Extracellular Flux Analyzer. Illumina sequencing, tandem mass tags Quantitative Proteomics and Western Blot studied the mechanism at the gene and protein levels. The results indicated that EA‐PDT had excellent phototoxicity in vitro. EA could bind to the mitochondria. EA‐PDT for 5 min caused MPTP opening, MMP decreasing and abnormal mitochondrial function with a concentration‐dependent characteristic. EA‐PDT resulted in an increase intracellular ROS and the number of autophagosomes. Caspase2, caspase9 and tnf were upregulated, and bcl2, prkn, atg2, atg9 and atg10 were downregulated. Our results indicated that EA‐PDT induced cell apoptosis and autophagy through the mediation of ROS/Atg/Parkin. This study can provide enlightenment for exploring potential targets of drug development for the PDT of melanoma.
Catalytic upgrading of PET to acid by engineering bimetallic AuCu/CNT catalyst
Authors: Zhen Enlong , Li Liang , Wang Jianhai , Sun Haozhe , Xiaoxi Yu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecycling waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic can prolong its life cycle, reduce the consumption of non‐renewable resources, prevent plastic pollution and also protect the ecological environment. Traditional chemical recycling of waste PET plastic can depolymerize PET into terephthalic acid (TPA) and ethylene glycol (EG).RESULTSA strategy was proposed to directly depolymerize PET into TPA and acid, which shows significantly higher values than conventional EG. This is achieved over a carbon nanotube (CNT)‐supported AuCu catalyst (AuCu/CNT) prepared using an evaporative impregnation method. Comprehensive analyses of the catalyst were conducted using X‐ray diffraction, N2 adsorption/desorption, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, H2‐temperature=programmed reduction, and so on. It was found that Cu species in the AuCu/CNT catalyst mainly existed in the form of CuO, forming new reaction adsorption sites and providing active AuCu alloy sites, thereby improving the catalytic performance of AuCu/CNT. This results in simultaneously superior acid selectivity and EG conversion over AuCu/CNT compared with Au/CNT and Cu/CNT.CONCLUSIONThis study indicates that the hydrolysis of PET is highly significant in preparing value‐added products. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Performance analysis and validation of intelligent tool based on Brownian random walk‐based sand cat swarm optimization algorithm for parameter identification of various solar photovoltaic mathematical models
Authors: Alex Stanley Raja Thaveedhu , Kumar Chandrasekaran , Sivaraju Selligoundanur Subramanian , Jaisiva Selvaraj 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe photovoltaic (PV) system stands out as a viable energy source due to its environmental friendliness and cleanliness. The conversion rate at which solar power generation is still relatively low due to limitations imposed by advances in PV technology. For PV systems, an appropriate model with precise internal parameters is considerably more crucial to increase conversion efficiency further. Different PV mathematical models, such as single‐diode, two‐diode, and three‐diode, are available to model the PV system. Investigators are interested in assessing the accurate PV model parameters through the experimental voltage–current (I–V) samples or using the manufacturer's specifications. At the same time, the difficulty is in accurately assessing and developing a more trustworthy PV model with well‐optimized parameters. To address the parameter estimation of various solar PV models, in this article, a new bio‐inspired algorithm called Brownian random walk‐based Sand Cat Swarm Optimization Algorithm (SCSOA) named Boosted SCSOA (BSCSOA) is proposed and developed. Along with the Brownian random strategy, chaotic tent drift is also used to enhance the exploration and exploitation of SCSOA, and the proposed BSCSOA is applied to different models to estimate their parameters accurately. The effectiveness of the suggested BSCSOA is compared with other well‐known algorithms, including the basic SCSOA, in terms of statistical measures and fitness values. The obtained results demonstrated the superiority of the BSCSOA over the other algorithms for all PV models of the cell and module.
Extraction, modification, and characterization of native litchi seed (Litchi chinesis Sonn.) starch
Authors: Kaur Jashanveer , Borah Anjan , Chutia Hemanta , Gupta Prerna 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDLitchi seeds, because of their high starch content, have the potential to serve as a valuable non‐conventional source of starch with various applications. This study aimed to optimize the extraction of native litchi seed and its modification using citric acid. Response surface methodology was used to determine the optimal combination of the independent variables extraction temperature (30–60 °C), and extraction time (4–20 h), to obtain the maximum starch yield (%). Starch was then modified chemically with citric acid concentrations of 20% and 40% to investigate its effect on physicochemical, morphological, and functional properties.RESULTSThe second‐order polynomial model effectively described the experimental data, demonstrating a satisfactory fit for the observed results. The optimized condition with the highest starch recovery (212.4 g kg−1) was found to have an extraction temperature of 30 °C and an extraction time of 11 h. It was observed that an increase in concentration of citric acid resulted in a decrease in amylose content, swelling power, and solubility, and the water absorption capacity of modified starch increased. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs showed that citric acid modification resulted in surface irregularities, whereas the shape and size of granules remained unaffected. Not much difference was observed in the X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of modified starch except for the decrease in the intensities of peaks. An effect on the thermal properties of modified starch was also observed.CONCLUSIONThe results of the study reveal that extraction temperature and extraction time are critical factors, exerting a significant effect on the extraction yield of starch. Furthermore, modified starches with improved functional properties can serve as novel and versatile sources of starch in various food and non‐food sectors. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Afforested and abandoned land ecosystems exhibit distinct soil microbial biomass stoichiometric homeostasis over chronosequence
Authors: Wang Xing , Zhang Zhenjiao , Zhang Qi , Ren Chengjie , Yang Gaihe , Zhong Zekun , Han Xinhui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRevegetation influences microbial biomass stoichiometry by altering the substrate conditions, yet the differences in microbial stoichiometry homeostasis and the underlying drivers under different revegetation approaches remain unexplored. Here, we selected sites across three age classes ofRobinia pseudoacaciaplantation (RP) and abandoned land (AL), and quantified the microbial stoichiometric characteristics during farmland‐initiated restoration. Plant community composition, leaf and soil nutrients, and microbial community composition and diversity were also measured. We found that revegetation of former farmland under both restoration types resulted in non‐isometric changes in soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) contents, that is, decoupling of soil C and N from P. However, AL and RP succession exhibited homeostatic and plastic microbial biomass stoichiometry, respectively, in response to altered substrate stoichiometry. These differences were associated with adjustments in the above‐ and belowground biomes. Specifically, the synergistic increase of Compositae and Actinobacteria in the late AL succession allowed the ecosystem to reduce P demand and maintain microbial stoichiometric homeostasis. In contrast, higher leaf C and N input during RP succession may have resulted excessive microbial storage of elements, which in turn leads to stoichiometric convergence between microbial biomass and soil resources. In addition, RP succession caused changes in microbial community structure, mainly the continuous increase ofProteobacteria(copiotrophs, r‐strategists), which also potentially increased the requirement for resources to maintain homeostasis and ensure the rapid growth. These findings demonstrate that AL has a comparatively greater efficacy in maintaining microbial stoichiometric homeostasis during long‐term revegetation. Our study also highlights the importance of appropriately managing existing RP plantations to alleviate the pressure of P deficiency and sustainably maintain this fragile ecosystem.
Genetic screening of an endemic mutation in the DYSF gene in an isolated, mountainous population in the Republic of Dagestan
Authors: Bardakov Sergey N. , Deev Roman V. , Isaev Аrtur А. , Khromov‐Borisov Nikita N. , Kopylov Evgeniy D. , Savchuk Мaria R. , Pushkin Maxim S. , Presnyakov Evgeniy V. , Magomedova Raisat M. , Achmedova Patimat G. , Umakhanova Zoya R. , Kaimonov Vladimir S. , Musatova Elizaveta V. , Blagodatskikh Konstantin А. , Tveleneva Aleksandra А. , Sofronova Yana V. , Yakovlev Ivan A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundDysferlinopathy has a high prevalence in relatively isolated ethnic groups where consanguineous marriages are characteristic and/or the founder effect exists. However, the frequency of endemic mutations in most isolates has not been investigated.MethodsThe prevalence of the pathological DYSF gene variant (NM_003494.4); c.200_201delinsAT, p. Val67Asp (rs121908957) was investigated in an isolated Avar population in the Republic of Dagestan. Genetic screenings were conducted in a remote mountainous region characterized by a high level of consanguinity among its inhabitants. In total, 746 individuals were included in the screenings.ResultsThis pathological DYSF gene variant causes two primary phenotypes of dysferlinopathy: limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) type R2 and Miyoshi muscular dystrophy type 1. Results indicated a high prevalence of the allele at 14% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 12–17; 138 out of 1518 alleles), while the allele in the homozygous state was detected in 29 cases—3.8% (CI: 2.6–5.4). The population load for dysferlinopathy was 832.3 ± 153.9 per 100,000 with an average prevalence of limb‐girdle muscular dystrophies ranging from 0.38 ± 0.38 to 5.93 ± 1.44 per 100,000.ConclusionA significant burden of the allele was due to inbreeding, as evidenced by a deficiency of heterozygotes and the Wright fixation index equal to 0.14 (CI 0.06–0.23).
Comparison of Billroth II with Braun and Roux‐en‐Y reconstructions after distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Defei , Tang Chenglin , He Fan , Yang Fuyu , Woraikat Saed , Qian Kun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRoux‐en‐Y (RY) and Billroth II with Braun (BB) reconstruction are two similar methods of reconstruction after distal gastrectomy (DG). Currently, it is unclear which method is superior. This meta‐analysis was performed to compare the safety and efficacy of BB and RY reconstruction after DG for gastric cancer. A literature search of Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library was conducted to identify studies comparing BB with RY after DG for gastric cancer until the end of October 2022. Main outcomes assessed were perioperative outcomes, postoperative complications, functional findings, and nutritional status. Meta‐analyses were performed using RevMan 5.4 software. Finally, eight studies with a total of 910 patients were considered for the meta‐analysis. The meta‐analysis results revealed that operation time, anastomosis time, incidence of total complications, and delayed gastric emptying were reduced, and the incidence of bile reflux was increased in patients undergoing BB compared to RY reconstruction. In conclusion, BB has the advantage of reducing operative time, anastomotic time, intraoperative blood loss, overall postoperative complications, and delayed gastric emptying. RY has the advantage of preventing bile reflux and gastritis after surgery.
The long‐term effects of childhood adiposity on depression and anxiety in adulthood: A systematic review
Authors: Gallagher Claire , Waidyatillake Nilakshi , Pirkis Jane , Lambert Katrina , Cassim Raisa , Dharmage Shyamali , Erbas Bircan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis review aimed to evaluate the association between childhood adiposity and depression and anxiety risk in adulthood.MethodsMEDLINE, PsychInfo, Embase, CINAHL, and Scopus were searched on June 6, 2022, to identify studies that investigated the association between childhood weight status (age ≤18 years) and outcomes of depression and/or anxiety in adulthood (age ≥19 years). Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale and results were narratively synthesized.ResultsSixteen studies were eligible for inclusion, with heterogeneity in methods and follow‐up durations complicating comparisons. Six out of eight studies found a statistically significant association between childhood adiposity and increased likelihood of depression in adulthood, particularly in females. However, overall evidence was of moderate quality and study limitations prevented causal conclusions. In contrast, limited evidence and mixed findings were reported for the associations between childhood adiposity and depressive symptom severity or anxiety outcomes in adulthood.ConclusionsEvidence suggests that childhood adiposity is associated with greater vulnerability to depression in adulthood, particularly in females. However, further research is warranted to address the limitations discussed. Future research should also explore how changes in weight status from childhood to adulthood might differentially influence the likelihood of depression.
Targeting carcinoma‐associated mesothelial cells with antibody–drug conjugates in ovarian carcinomatosis
Authors: Pascual‐Antón Lucía , Sandoval Pilar , González‐Mateo Guadalupe T , Kopytina Valeria , Tomero‐Sanz Henar , Arriero‐País Eva María , Jiménez‐Heffernan José Antonio , Fabre Myriam , Egaña Isabel , Ferrer Cristina , Simón Laureano , González‐Cortijo Lucía , Sainz de la Cuesta Ricardo , López‐Cabrera Manuel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOvarian carcinomatosis is characterized by the accumulation of carcinoma‐associated mesothelial cells (CAMs) in the peritoneal stroma and mainly originates through a mesothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (MMT) process. MMT has been proposed as a therapeutic target for peritoneal metastasis. Most ovarian cancer (OC) patients present at diagnosis with peritoneal seeding, which makes tumor progression control difficult by MMT modulation. An alternative approach is to use antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) targeted directly to attack CAMs. This strategy could represent the cornerstone of precision‐based medicine for peritoneal carcinomatosis. Here, we performed complete transcriptome analyses of ascitic fluid‐isolated CAMs in advanced OC patients with primary‐, high‐, and low‐grade, serous subtypes and following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Our findings suggest that both cancer biological aggressiveness and chemotherapy‐induced tumor mass reduction reflect the MMT‐associated changes that take place in the tumor surrounding microenvironment. Accordingly, MMT‐related genes, including fibroblast activation protein (FAP), mannose receptor C type 2 (MRC2), interleukin‐11 receptor alpha (IL11RA), myristoylated alanine‐rich C‐kinase substrate (MARCKS), and sulfatase‐1 (SULF1), were identified as specific actionable targets in CAMs of OC patients, which is a crucial step in the de novo design of ADCs. These cell surface target receptors were also validated in peritoneal CAMs of colorectal cancer peritoneal implants, indicating that ADC‐based treatment could extend to other abdominal tumors that show peritoneal colonization. As proof of concept, a FAP‐targeted ADC reduced tumor growth in an OC xenograft mouse model with peritoneal metastasis‐associated fibroblasts. In summary, we propose MMT as a potential source of ADC‐based therapeutic targets for peritoneal carcinomatosis. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Palbociclib in combination with chemotherapy in pediatric and young adult patients with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoma: A Children's Oncology Group study (AINV18P1)
Authors: Raetz Elizabeth A. , Teachey David T. , Minard Charles , Liu Xiaowei , Norris Robin E. , Denic Kristina Z. , Reid Joel , Evensen Nikki A. , Gore Lia , Fox Elizabeth , Loh Mignon L. , Weigel Brenda J. , Carroll William L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundCyclin D has been shown to play an essential role in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) initiation and progression, providing rationale for targeting the CDK4/6‐cyclin D complex that regulates cell cycle progression.ProcedureThe Children's Oncology Group AINV18P1 phase 1 trial evaluated the CDK4/6 inhibitor, palbociclib, in combination with standard four‐drug re‐induction chemotherapy in children and young adults with relapsed/refractory B‐ and T‐cell lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and lymphoma. Palbociclib (50 mg/m2/dose) was administered orally once daily for 21 consecutive days, first as a single agent (Days 1–3) and subsequently combined with re‐induction chemotherapy. This two‐part study was designed to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) or recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D), followed by an expansion pharmacokinetic cohort.ResultsTwelve heavily pretreated patients enrolled, all of whom were evaluable for toxicity. One dose‐limiting hematologic toxicity (DLT) occurred at the starting dose of 50 mg/m2/dose orally for 21 days. No additional DLTs were observed in the dose determination or pharmacokinetic expansion cohorts, and overall rates of grade 3/4 nonhematologic toxicities were comparable to those observed with the chemotherapy platform alone. Five complete responses were observed, two among four patients with T‐ALL and three among seven patients with B‐ALL. Pharmacokinetic studies showed similar profiles with both liquid and capsule formulations of palbociclib.ConclusionsPalbociclib in combination with re‐induction chemotherapy was well tolerated with a RP2D of 50 mg/m2/day for 21 days. Complete responses were observed among heavily pretreated patients.
Influence of oxygen/argon duoplasmatron synergistic modification on the mechanical properties of UHMWPE/vinyl ester composites
Authors: Fang Chunyue , Zhao Yuwei , Chen Zhenhong , Shi Bao , Zhang Xiayun , Jia Lixia , Yan Ruosi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study reveals double plasma modification of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers by oxygen/argon duoplasmatron source to investigate the synergistic effect of double plasma mixture on the mechanical performance of UHMWPE/vinyl ester laminated composites. The single‐factor experiment was used to determine the preparation process parameter range. The modified fiber was characterized and mechanical properties of UHMWPE/vinyl ester composites were evaluated. The results showed that the UHMWPE fiber modified by double plasma treatment with oxygen/argon duoplasmatron source exhibited more hydroxyl groups than untreated fiber and the single plasma‐modified fiber with oxygen source, and the surface water adsorb capacity was significantly improved, which contributed to the combination of resin and fiber surface. The tensile strength of the composite with double plasma modification increased to 380.48 MPa, which was higher than untreated and oxygen plasma treated samples by 36.9% and 18.9%, respectively. The GIC value was even 78.1% higher than that of oxygen plasma‐treated sample, and the interlaminar shear strength was increased by 19%. In terms of low‐velocity impact response, the absorbed energy of double plasma modified composites was increased, confirming that the mechanical resistant performance was enhanced by the modification with oxygen/argon duoplasmatron source.