bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arsenic trioxide preconditioning attenuates hepatic ischemia- reperfusion injury in mice: Role of ERK/AKT and autophagy
Authors: Wang Chaoqun , Yu Hongjun , Lu Shounan , Ke Shanjia , Xu Yanan , Feng Zhigang , Qian Baolin , Bai Miaoyu , Yin Bing , Li Xinglong , Hua Yongliang , Li Zhongyu , Chen Dong , Chen Bangliang , Zhou Yongzhi , Pan Shangha , Fu Yao , Jiang Hongchi , Wang Dawei , Ma Yong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is indicated as a broad-spectrum medicine for a variety of diseases, including cancer and cardiac disease. While the role of ATO in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (HIRI) has not been reported. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify the effects of ATO on HIRI.

Methods:
In the present study, we established a 70% hepatic warm I/R injury and partial hepatectomy (30% resection) animal models in vivo and hepatocytes anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) models in vitro with ATO pretreatment and further assessed liver function by histopathologic changes, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, cell counting kit-8, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) for extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 was transfected to evaluate the role of ERK1/2 pathway during HIRI, followed by ATO pretreatment. The dynamic process of autophagic flux and numbers of autophagosomes were detected by Green fluorescent protein-monomeric Red fluorescent protein-LC3 (GFP-mRFP-LC3) staining and transmission electron microscope.

Results:
A low dose of ATO (0.75 μmol/L in vitro and 1 mg/kg in vivo) significantly reduced tissue necrosis, inflammatory infiltration, and hepatocyte apoptosis during the process of hepatic I/R. Meanwhile, ATO obviously promoted the ability of cell proliferation and liver regeneration. Mechanistically, in vitro studies have shown that nontoxic concentrations of ATO can activate both ERK and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-serine/threonine kinase (PI3K-AKT) pathways and further induce autophagy. The hepatoprotective mechanism of ATO, at least in part, relies on the effects of ATO on the activation of autophagy, which is ERK-dependent.

Conclusion:
Low, non-toxic doses of ATO can activate ERK/PI3K-AKT pathways and induce ERK-dependent autophagy in hepatocytes, protecting liver against I/R injury and accelerating hepatocyte regeneration after partial hepatectomy.
Glutathione, Vitamin C, and Cysteine Use in Autistic Children With Disruptive Behavior: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Pilot Study
Authors: Williams Patricia Gail , Sears Lonnie , Watson Walter H. , Gunaratnam Bakeerathan , Feygin Yana , Wright Stephen P. , Sullivan Janice E. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Objective:
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by social communication differences and restricted interests. One proposed biologic mechanism underlying ASD is oxidative stress, leading to the clinical use of glutathione based on anecdotal reports of improved behavior in autistic children. In this pilot study, we tested this observation using a randomized clinical trial format to collect preliminary data on glutathione safety and efficacy.

Methods:
Glutathione and glutathione in combination with vitamin C and N-acetylcysteine (Trio) were tested. Both treatments were administered in double-blind placebo-controlled randomized crossover studies. In total, 24 children between the ages of 5 and 16 years with ASD and severe behavior disorders were randomized to receive weekly intravenous injections of either placebo or 1 of the 2 interventions (glutathione or Trio) for 8 weeks. After a 1-week washout period, participants were crossed over for the subsequent 8 weeks. Behavioral measures and plasma levels of glutathione were obtained at baseline, during the washout period, and at the end of the study.

Results:
No differences between treatment groups in behavioral or biologic measures were found. No significant adverse side effects attributable to the treatments were observed. Small improvements in specific glutathione and behavioral measures occurred over the study period for all groups.

Conclusion:
Treatment with glutathione or glutathione in combination with vitamin C and N-acetylcysteine did not result in improvements in behavior or biologic measures. The positive trends over the course of the study were likely due to the placebo effect or decreased anxiety associated with the study routine.
All on the Same Team: Simulated Learning to Introduce Pediatric Residents to Interprofessional Collaboration with Individualized Education Program Teams
Authors: Minor Tara J. , Goode Rachel 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Objective:
Our study sought to determine if participation in a simulated Individualized Education Program (IEP) meeting improved pediatric medical residents' attitudes toward the IEP team as an interprofessional health care team.

Methods:
Pediatric medical residents on the Developmental-Behavioral and Advocacy rotations at an urban medical center participated in a simulated IEP eligibility meeting for a case of a fourth grader with a specific learning disability. Standardized actors portrayed the child's parent, principal, school psychologist, and classroom teacher. Residents were instructed to participate as members of the team. After participation, changes in the residents' readiness to participate on the IEP team were measured by the Interprofessional Socialization and Valuing Scale 9A (presimulation) and 9B (postsimulation).

Results:
Sixty-six pediatric residents participated over 24 months. The mean scores of the aggregate pre- (4.92, SD = 0.83) and postsurveys (5.75, SD = 0.74) illustrated residents' improvement in 3 areas of interprofessional practice: understanding their role as a member of an IEP team; appreciation of an IEP team as an interprofessional health care team; and comfort and confidence in working as a member of an IEP team (Z = −6.37; p < 0.001; r = 0.78). Comparison of disaggregated data illustrated improvement for post-graduate year 1 (Z = −4.95; p < 0.001; r = 0.85) and categorical pediatric residents (Z = −5.86; p < 0.001; r = 0.83).

Conclusion:
Simulated IEP meetings help pediatric residents reconceptualize their role in the school health of children with disabilities to include participation in and understanding of the IEP process.
Health Care Providers' Attitudes and Knowledge Related to Tic Disorder Identification and Treatment
Authors: Newsome Kim , Hutchins Helena J. , Bitsko Rebecca H. , Robinson Lara R. , Katz Samuel M. , Uba Nneoma , Rattay Karyl T. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Objective:
Our study assessed child-serving health care providers' attitudes and knowledge related to identification and treatment of tic disorders including Tourette syndrome (TS), among children.

Methods:
We analyzed cross-sectional data from the 2022 Fall DocStyles, a web-based survey of health care providers. The analytic sample included 1058 child-serving providers (403 family practitioners, 232 internists, 251 pediatricians, and 172 nurse practitioners or physician assistants). We calculated point prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals and used χ2 tests to statistically test differences by provider type and metro status of practice setting.

Results:
Less than two-thirds of providers (62.4%) considered evaluation of tics as their role, less than half (40.8%) considered diagnosis of tic disorders their role, and around one-fourth considered treatment of patients with tic disorders to be their role (27.3%). Lack of knowledge of tics/TS and lack of comfort evaluating patients for tics and tic disorders were the most often reported barriers to identification and diagnosis for most provider types, and across practice metro status categories. Online training was the most preferred source of information about tics and tic disorders overall and for each provider type.

Conclusion:
These findings support previous reports indicating challenges in health care provider comfort and knowledge in identifying and diagnosing tic disorders, and the need for more education opportunities around evaluation and diagnosis. Communication and training to support the needs of child-serving providers could improve the access to care for children with tics and tic disorders.
Novel Frostbite Cooling Device for Real-time Assessment and Prevention of Chemotherapy-induced Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Matsui Yuki , Kishi Hirotaka , Matsui Chihiro , Morita Jun , Mizuno Hiroshi , Mortada Hatan , Sasaki Haruaki , Fukagai Takashi 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) affects 29%–68% of patients undergoing anticancer treatments within the first month. Traditional cryotherapy methods, such as frozen gloves, can pose risks. This study evaluates the cool-water electric circulation seat (CECS), which maintains a constant 15°C, as a safer alternative.

Methods:
In this prospective study, 21 healthy Japanese adults underwent 2.5 hours of hand cooling at 15°C, reflecting the standard duration of taxane anticancer drug administration. Microcirculation was evaluated using videocapillaroscopy before and after cooling.

Results:
Results showed significant reductions in blood vessel area and altered red blood cell movement postcooling. Finger temperature and vascular area decreased significantly (P < 0.001), and red blood cell movement changed significantly, with most cells shifting from slow (52.4%) or fast (47.6%) movement before cooling to slow (23.8%) or immobile (76.2%) afterward (P < 0.001). Thirty minutes postcooling, 38.1% of participants reported temporary redness, and 28.6% reported pain, both resolving by the next day.

Conclusions:
The CECS effectively provides secure cooling, offering a promising approach for CIPN prevention without frostbite risk. These findings highlight the potential advantages of CECS in sustained cooling therapy for CIPN prevention.
The Efficacy of Single-Application NPWTi-d for the Salvage of Infected Breast Prostheses: A Multi-Center Study
Authors: Llaneras Jason C. , Clark Robert Craig , Antognoli Lauren , Finkelstein Emily , Hulsman Luci , Holton Luther , Singh Devinder , VonderHaar R. Jason , Djohan Risal , Hassanein Aladdin H. , Reid Chris M. 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Breast prosthesis infections are challenging and traditionally managed with prosthesis removal and delayed reconstruction. Single-application negative pressure wound therapy with instillation and dwell (NPWTi-d) has shown promise for salvaging infected implants, though prior studies have been small and heterogeneous. This study analyzes outcomes and compares protocols from four institutions.

Methods:
Data were collected on 56 patients (59 breasts) who underwent NPWTi-d salvage for peri-prosthetic infections. Patients with fewer than 3 months of follow-up were excluded. Salvage protocols included explantation, NPWTi-d application, antibiotics, and replantation. Successful salvage was defined as prosthesis retention without further explantation for at least 90 days posttreatment.

Results:
Intervention occurred on average 66 days after the index procedure. Methicillin-resistant organisms were cultured in 15% of cases. NPWTi-d was applied for an average of 61 hours with dwell times of 18 minutes every 3 hours, using institution-specific instillates. All patients were discharged with new prostheses (65% expanders, 35% implants) after an average hospital stay of 4 days. At 90-day follow-up, 71% of patients had no further complications, and 85% were successfully salvaged.

Conclusions:
This is the largest study to evaluate NPWTi-d for salvaging infected breast prostheses. The high success rate highlights the method’s efficacy, safety, and potential for preserving reconstruction. These straightforward protocols can significantly improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare costs, offering a valuable option for managing prosthesis infections.
Pygopagus Twins Separation Using a Rectangular Fasciocutaneous Flap: Case Report From Beirut, Lebanon
Authors: Hakim Christopher , Emsieh Saif , Chrabieh Edwin , Zeineddine Jana , Ibrahim Amir 
Published: January 2025

Summary:
Conjoined twins, although rare, present unique challenges in surgical management, particularly regarding skin closure after separation. This case report details the successful separation of pygopagus conjoined twins using a rectangular skin flap technique. The twins, joined at the lumbar and sacral regions, underwent meticulous preoperative planning and collaborative effort from multiple medical teams. The surgery involved raising fasciocutaneous rectangular flaps over the buttocks, spine separation, rectal division, and reconstruction of pelvic floor muscles. The primary skin closure was achieved successfully. This case highlights the superior gluteal-based rectangular flap technique in such a separation and the importance of multidisciplinary approaches in improving outcomes for complex surgeries.
Treatment of the Induration of the Soft Tissue of the Lower Eyelids After Accidental Oil Injections
Authors: Safronov Vladimir 
Published: January 2025

Summary:
Injection cosmetic procedures have shown rapid continuing growth in the last 2 decades. Various substances are injected into the periorbital region for skin quality increase and correction of tear trough deformity, including hyaluronic acid, peptides, collagen, and others. Sometimes patients get accidentally injected with different substances that are not approved for cosmetic treatment in this anatomic area. The author presents a case of a 51-year-old woman, injected with unknown oil solution into the lower eyelid skin by the local dermatologist. Inflammation and induration of the skin of the lower periorbital region have occurred after these injections. The patient was treated conservatively until the acute process stopped, and then surgical correction was performed to correct skin and orbicularis oculi muscle induration changes. Surgical treatment included direct oil cyst excision and removal after injection changed tissues between skin and orbicularis oculi muscle. The patient was observed for scheduled appointments and conservative treatment to prevent unfavorable scar formation and lower eyelid deformity. Although different kinds of oil substances are not approved for skin injections for cosmetic purposes, accidental injections occur and may lead to terrible results. Methods to correct eyelid deformity after oil solution injections are not presented in the literature. In this article, the author presents a case report with the method of correction of induration of soft tissues of the lower eyelids occurring after oil injections. Although cases like this are rare, they require correct surgical solution to provide a good aesthetic result after the treatment.
Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidant (MitoQ) and Nontargeted Antioxidant (Idebenone) Mitigate Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Corneal Endothelial Cells
Authors: Böhm Myriam , Parekh Mohit , Deshpande Neha , Cheung Queenie , Shatz Nathan , Kumar Varun , Jurkunas Ula V. 
Published: January 2025

Purpose:
To investigate the effectiveness of mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant mitoquinone (MitoQ) and nontargeted antioxidant idebenone (Idb) in alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction in corneal endothelial cells (CEnCs).

Methods:
In vitro experiments were conducted using immortalized normal human corneal endothelial cells (HCEnC-21T; SVN1-67F) and Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) cells (SVF5-54F; SVF3-76M). Cells were pretreated with MitoQ or Idb and then exposed to menadione (MN) with simultaneous antioxidant treatment. Mitochondrial parameters were evaluated through adenosine triphosphate viability assays, JC-1 staining for mitochondrial membrane potential, and Tom-20 antibody staining for fragmentation, with analysis performed using ImageJ software. HCEnC-21T cells were additionally exposed to ultraviolet-A (25 J/cm2) to assess drug effects under physiological stress. Mitochondrial fragmentation in FECD specimens was analyzed pre- and post-treatment with the drugs. Statistical analysis was conducted using 1-/2-way analysis of variance with post-hoc Tukey test.

Results:
MitoQ and Idb enhanced cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential in both normal and FECD cells under MN-induced stress. Idb reduced MN-induced mitochondrial fragmentation by 32% more than MitoQ in HCEnC-21T cells and by 13% more in SVF5-54F cells. Under ultraviolet-A stress, Idb and MitoQ improved mitochondrial function by 31% and 25%, respectively, with MitoQ increasing mitochondrial function by 42% in FECD specimens.

Conclusions:
Differential responses in mitochondrial dysfunction across cell lines highlight disease heterogeneity. MitoQ and Idb protected CEnCs from oxidative stress and improved mitochondrial bioenergetics, suggesting that mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants could be considered for mitochondrial dysfunction in CEnCs.
Effectiveness of Nirsevimab Immunoprophylaxis Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus-related Outcomes in Hospital Care Settings: A Seasonal Cohort Study of Infants in Catalonia (Spain)
Authors: Perramon-Malavez Aida , Hermosilla Eduardo , Coma Ermengol , Fina Francesc , Reñé Anna , Martínez-Marcos Montserrat , Mendioroz Jacobo , Prats Clara , Soriano-Arandes Antoni , Cabezas Carmen 
Published: January 2025

Background:
In Catalonia, infants <6 months old were eligible to receive nirsevimab, a novel monoclonal antibody against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). We aimed to analyze nirsevimab’s effectiveness in hospital-related outcomes of the seasonal cohort (born during the RSV epidemic from October to January 2024) and compared them with the catch-up cohort (born from April to September 2023).

Methods:
Retrospective cohort study of all infants born between October 1, 2023, and January 21, 2024, according to their immunization with nirsevimab (immunized and nonimmunized). We followed individuals until the earliest of an outcome—hospital emergency visits, hospital admission or pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission due to RSV-associated or all-causes bronchiolitis—death or the end of the study. We used the Kaplan-Meier estimator and fitted Cox regression models using a calendar time scale to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence interval (CI). Sensitivity analysis was performed through matching.

Results:
Among 15,341 infants, a dose of nirsevimab led to an adjusted HR for hospital admission, PICU admission and emergency visits due to RSV bronchiolitis of 0.26 (95% CI: 0.17–0.39), 0.15 (95% CI: 0.07–0.28) and 0.46 (95% CI: 0.23–0.90), respectively. For all-causes bronchiolitis, the former adjusted HRs were 0.45 (95% CI: 0.31–0.63), 0.23 (95% CI: 0.13–0.41) and 0.49 (95% CI: 0.35–0.68), respectively.

Conclusions:
Nirsevimab was associated with reductions of 74% and 85% hospitalizations and PICU admissions regarding RSV-associated bronchiolitis, respectively. These percentages are slightly lower than those for the catch-up cohort. This information may help the implementation of RSV-immunization campaigns by public health authorities.
Chronic Lung Disease after Hospitalization with Adenovirus or Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Authors: Zaharov Tatjana , Franck Kristina Træholt , Nygaard Ulrikka , Kristensen Kim 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Studies have shown a high risk of interstitial lung disease after hospitalization with adenovirus (AdV) and a high risk of asthma after hospitalization with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

Objective:
To clarify to what extent children hospitalized with respiratory tract infection caused by AdV or RSV develop pulmonary disease.

Design:
Register-based cohort study.

Methods:
Data on infections with AdV and RSV were coupled to data on asthma, asthma medication, bronchiectasia and interstitial lung disease, including bronchiolitis obliterans, during a follow-up time of 15–20 years. An age-matched control group was also generated. The risks of subsequent lung disease and/or having received asthma medication and hazard ratios (HRs) for asthma between the index groups and the control group were computed.

Findings:
In total 4704 children were included. Less than 5 cases of interstitial lung disease or bronchiectasia were found in any group. After hospitalization with AdV or RSV, the risk of acquiring an asthma diagnosis or having received asthma medication during follow-up was 29% and 65%, respectively, for AdV, and 22% and 51%, respectively, for RSV; corresponding to adjusted HRs of 2.16 (0.92–5.07), 2.60 (1.57–4.31), 2.87 (2.30–3.58), and 2.37 (2.07–2.71), respectively.

Conclusion:
We could not confirm an increased risk of interstitial lung disease after infection with AdV. However, there is a considerable risk of asthma after hospitalization with AdV or RSV and with respect to RSV, the risk is higher than previously reported as expressed by the fraction having received asthma medication during follow-up.
Could Intravenous Immunoglobulin Be an Alternative Therapy, for Treating Infant Botulism in Areas Where Human Botulism Immunoglobulin Is Not Easily Available?: Our Experience in Andalusia, Spain
Authors: Palomino-Fernandez Laura , Villarejo-Perez Alvaro , Fernandez-Fuentes Cecilia , Sanchez-Codez Maria I. , Del Valle-De Leon Noorelain , Gallego-Gutierrez Silvia , Peromingo-Matute Estrella , Carazo-Gallego Begoña , López-Laso Eduardo , Cano-Cabrera Marta , Falcon-Neyra Lola , Neth Olaf , Ruiz-Sáez Beatriz ,   on behalf of the GAIP (Grupo Andaluz de Infectología e Inmunopatología Pediátrica) Network
Published: January 2025

Background:
Infant botulism (IB) affects infants under 1 year of age, caused by the ingestion of Clostridium botulinum spores and subsequent neurotoxin production. IB is rare in Europe. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiology and management of IB over the past 25 years in Southern Spain.

Methods:
This is a retrospective, multicenter study of IB cases detected in Andalusia since 1997. Epidemiologic, clinical, diagnostic and outcome variables were analyzed.

Results:
Twenty-three patients from 7 different hospitals were included, with a median age of 3 months. Most of these patients presented with weak crying, constipation, arreactive mydriasis and loss of myotatic reflexes. Neurophysiological studies showed alterations in 74% of the cases at diagnosis. The diagnosis was confirmed in all cases by stool sample analysis. Only 4 patients received human botulism immunoglobulin (HBIG) and 10 received empirically intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). The median time to improvement in patients who received IVIG and HBIG was slightly shorter; however, no differences were observed. Significant differences were observed when IVIG was administered within the first 72 hours (14 vs. 25 days, P = 0.035). In addition, patients who received empirical antimicrobial therapy required longer hospitalization times secondary to observed exacerbated paralysis (20 vs. 12 days, P = 0.033).

Conclusions:
IVIG may be an effective treatment for shortening the duration of illness in regions that are not readily accessible for HBIG, but further studies are needed. Although IB is rare, when it is suspected, antimicrobial therapy should be avoided as it may exacerbate paralysis by increasing the availability of neurotoxin for absorption.