bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic analysis of heterogeneous subsets of circulating tumour cells from high grade serous ovarian carcinoma patients
Authors: Asante Du-Bois , Mohan Ganendra R. K. A. , Acheampong Emmanuel , Ziman Melanie , Calapre Leslie , Meniawy Tarek M. , Gray Elin S. , Beasley Aaron B. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCirculating tumour cells (CTCs) are heterogenous and contain genetic information from the tumour of origin. They bear specific intra- and extra-cellular protein markers aiding in their detection. However, since these markers may be shared with other rare cells in the blood, only genetic testing can confirm their malignancy. Herein, we analyse different CTC subsets using single cell whole genome DNA sequencing to validate their malignant origin. We randomly selected putative CTCs identified by immunostaining that were isolated from 4 patients with high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) and one with benign cystadenoma. We specifically targeted CTCs positive for epithelial (CK/EpCAMpos), mesenchymal (vimentinpos), and pseudoendothelial (CK/EpCAMposplus CD31pos) markers. We isolated these cells and performed whole genome amplification (WGA) and low-pass whole-genome sequencing (LP-WGS) for analysis of copy number alterations (CNA). Of the CK/EpCAMposcells analysed from the HGSOC patients, 2 of 3 cells showed diverse chromosomal CNAs. However, the 4 pseudoendothelial cells (CK/EpCAMposplus CD31pos) observed in the HGSOC cases did not carry any CNA. Lastly, two of the clusters of vimentin positive cells sequenced from those found in the benign cystadenoma case had CNA. Despite the low number of cells analysed, our results underscore the importance of genetic analysis of putative CTCs to confirm their neoplastic origin. In particular, it highlights the presence of a population of CK/EpCAMposcells that are not tumour cells in patients with HGSOC, which otherwise would be counted as CTCs.
Effects of an incentive spirometer versus a threshold inspiratory muscle trainer on lung functions in Parkinson’s disease patients: a randomized trial
Authors: Mohammed Yusuf Saiyed Farheen , Bhise Anjali , Nuhmani Shibili , Alghadir Ahmad H. , Khan Masood 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUpper airway obstruction, reduced maximal expiratory and inspiratory flows, reduced lung volumes, abnormal ventilatory control, and diaphragmatic dyskinesias are reported in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) has been reported to be effective in improving respiratory functions; however, no studies have compared the effects of the incentive spirometer (IS) with the threshold inspiratory muscle trainer (TIMT) in patients with PD. The study aimed to compare the effects of IS and TIMT on maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), 6-min walk distance (6-MWD), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) in patients with stage 1–3 according to the Hoehn and Yahr scale. 18 patients were randomly assigned to two groups, i.e., incentive spirometer (IS) and threshold inspiratory muscle trainer (TIMT) group. The IS group received IMT with volume-based IS, and the TIMT group received IMT with TIMT. MIP, 6-MWD, FVC, FEV1, and PEFR were measured before and after six weeks of training. In IS group: A significant increase (p < 0.05) was observed in MIP and 6-MWD by 18.13 and 5%, respectively. In the TIMT group: A significant increase (p < 0.05) was observed in MIP and 6-MWD by 30.15 and 8.94%, respectively. Both groups observed no significant difference (p > 0.05) in FVC, FEV1, and PEFR. When the two groups were compared, a greater increase (p < 0.05) was observed in the MIP and 6-MWD in the TIMT group compared to IS group. IMT with IS or TIMT for six weeks effectively increased MIP and 6-MWD in patients with stage 1–3 (Hoehn and Yahr scale) of PD. No improvement was observed in FVC, FEV1, or PEFR with any of the techniques. TIMT is more effective than IS in improving MIP and 6-MWD.
The role of higher education and civic involvement in converting young adults' social responsibility to prosocial behavior
Authors: Alfirević Nikša , Arslanagić-Kalajdžić Maja , Lep Žan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the indirect mechanisms relevant to converting young adults' prosocial attitudes and individual responsibility into their prosocial behavior. Our results are based on a sample of 530 young adults studying at three public regional business schools in South East Europe. They show a significant favorable influence on young adults' civic and political involvement, mediating the relationship between individual responsibility attitudes and prosocial behavior. However, this would not have been expected based on previous research. Another indirect path between the same variables is modeled using a hypothesized moderated mediation effect. The institutional influence of higher education proves to be a significant mediator of the proposed relationship, moderated by the amount of educational content in the fields of ethics, social and environmental responsibility. At mid-and-high levels of exposure to relevant educational content, this indirect path significantly influences the developing young adults' pro-environmental behaviors. The study results are discussed from the viewpoint of peripheral regions with a history of dysfunctional social capital mechanisms.
Self-aligned multi-layer X-ray absorption grating using large-area fabrication methods for X-ray phase-contrast imaging
Authors: Pil-Ali Abdollah , Adnani Sahar , Karim Karim S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractX-ray phase-contrast (XPCi) imaging methods are an emerging medical imaging approach that provide significantly better soft tissue contrast and could function as a viable extension to conventional X-ray, CT, and even some MRI. Absorption gratings play a central role in grating-based XPCi systems, especially because they enable the acquisition of three images in a single exposure: transmission, refraction, and dark-field. An impediment to commercial development and adoption of XPCi imaging systems is the lack of large area, high aspect ratio absorption gratings. Grating technology development, primarily due to technological limitations, has lagged system development and today prevents the scaling up of XPCi system into a footprint and price point acceptable to the medical market. In this work, we report on a self-aligned multi-layer grating fabrication process that can enable large-area X-ray absorption gratings with micron-scale feature sizes. We leverage large-area fabrication techniques commonly employed by the thin-film transistor (TFT) display industry. Conventional ITO-on-glass substrates are used with a patterned film of Cr/Au/Cr that serves as a self-aligned lithography mask for backside exposure. Commonly available SU-8 photoresist is patterned using the backside exposure mask followed by an electroplating step to fill the gaps in the SU-8 with X-ray attenuating material. Consequently, the electroplated patterned material acts as a self-aligned photomask for subsequent SU-8 layer patterning and so forth. The repeatability of the reported process makes it suitable for achieving higher aspect ratio structures and is advantageous over previously reported X-ray LIGA approaches. A prototype three-layer grating, with a thickness of around $$40\,\upmu \text{m}$$

40

μ
m

, having a visibility of 0.28 at $$60\,\text{kV}_p$$

60

kV
p

with a $$70\,\text{mm}\times 70\,\text{mm}$$

70

mm
×
70

mm

active area was fabricated on a 4-inch glass substrate and demonstrated by modifying a commercially available 3D propagation-based XPCi Microscope. The scalable and cost-effective approach to build larger area X-ray gratings reported in this work can help expedite the commercial development and adoption of previously reported Talbot-Lau, speckle-tracking, as well as coded-aperture XPCi systems for large-area clinical and industrial applications.
Effects of Climate change on temperature and precipitation in the Lake Toba region, Indonesia, based on ERA5-land data with quantile mapping bias correction
Authors: Irwandi Hendri , Rosid Mohammad Syamsu , Mart Terry 
Published: February 2023

AbstractClimate change is a serious problem that can cause global variations in temperature and rainfall patterns. This global variation can affect the water availability of lakes. In this study, trends in temperature and rainfall in the Lake Toba area for 40 years (1981–2020) were analyzed using ERA5-Land data corrected with observation station data utilizing the quantile mapping bias correction method. Corrected ERA5-Land data were used in this study to show spatial patterns and trends. The Mann–Kendall and Sen slope tests were carried out to see the magnitude of the trend. A comparison of temperature and rainfall against their baseline period (1951–1980) was also investigated. The results of this study show that climate change has affected the trend of increasing temperature and rainfall in the Lake Toba area, with an increase in temperature of 0.006 °C per year and an average rainfall of 0.71 mm per year. In general, significant changes in the increase of temperature and rainfall occurred in the last decade, with an increase in temperature of 0.24 °C and rainfall of 22%. The study of the impact of climate change expected to be useful for policymakers in managing water resources in the Lake Toba area.
Reconstruction of enterprise debt networks based on compressed sensing
Authors: Liang Kaihao , Li Shuliang , Zhang Wenfeng , Lin Chengfeng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study aims at the problem of reconstruction the unknown links in debt networks among enterprises. We use the topological matrix of the enterprise debt network as the object of reconstruction and use the time series data of accounts receivable and payable as input and output information in the debt network to establish an underdetermined linear system about the topological matrix of the debt network. We establish an iteratively reweighted least-squares algorithm, which is an algorithm in compressed sensing. This algorithm uses reweighted $$\ell _2$$

ℓ
2

-minimization to approximate $$\ell _1$$

ℓ
1

-norm of the target vectors. We solve the $$\ell _1$$

ℓ
1

-minimization problem of the underdetermined linear system using the iteratively reweighted least-squares algorithm and obtain the reconstructed topological matrix of the debt network. Simulation experiments show that the topology matrix reconstruction method of enterprise debt networks based on compressed sensing can reconstruct over 70% of the unknown network links, and the error is controlled within 2%.
Increase in the wave power caused by decreasing sea ice over the Sea of Okhotsk in winter
Authors: Iwasaki Shinsuke 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIncreasing ocean surface waves owing to decreasing sea ice in the Sea of Okhotsk (SO) is a major concern. However, long-term trends of ocean surface waves in the SO have not yet been investigated. Therefore, the long-term trends of wave power ($${P}_{\mathrm{w}}$$

P
w

) in the SO were investigated using the 40-year (from the 1980s) simulations and based on the wave model (WAVEWATCH III) enforced by three reanalyses and one satellite product. Three wave model simulations were conducted using the original (hourly or daily) reanalysis or satellite sea ice data. In addition, to quantify the responses of the long-term $${P}_{\mathrm{w}}$$

P
w

trends to surface winds and sea ice, three wave model simulations were performed with climatological sea ice data, for a total of six model simulations. The model results of the original sea ice data corresponded well with the buoy observations. Moreover, $${P}_{\mathrm{w}}$$

P
w

increased (~ 12–15% per decade) remarkably during winter (December–February). The increased $${P}_{\mathrm{w}}$$

P
w

could be attributed to the strengthened surface winds and reduced sea ice (i.e., reduction of direct wave decay by sea ice). Moreover, a horizontal gradient of sea level pressure enhanced by the reduced sea ice strengthened the surface winds. These results suggested that the reduction of sea ice is the most important factor responsible for the positive $${P}_{\mathrm{w}}$$

P
w

trend over the SO during winter.
Efficient 3D light-sheet imaging of very large-scale optically cleared human brain and prostate tissue samples
Authors: Schueth Anna , Hildebrand Sven , Samarska Iryna , Sengupta Shubharthi , Kiessling Annemarie , Herrler Andreas , zur Hausen Axel , Capalbo Michael , Roebroeck Alard 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe ability to image human tissue samples in 3D, with both cellular resolution and a large field of view (FOV), can improve fundamental and clinical investigations. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of light-sheet imaging of ~5 cm3 sized formalin fixed human brain and up to ~7 cm3 sized formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) prostate cancer samples, processed with the FFPE-MASH protocol. We present a light-sheet microscopy prototype, the cleared-tissue dual view Selective Plane Illumination Microscope (ct-dSPIM), capable of fast 3D high-resolution acquisitions of cm3 scale cleared tissue. We used mosaic scans for fast 3D overviews of entire tissue samples or higher resolution overviews of large ROIs with various speeds: (a) Mosaic 16 (16.4 µm isotropic resolution, ~1.7 h/cm3), (b) Mosaic 4 (4.1 µm isotropic resolution, ~ 5 h/cm3) and (c) Mosaic 0.5 (0.5 µm near isotropic resolution, ~15.8 h/cm3). We could visualise cortical layers and neurons around the border of human brain areas V1&V2, and could demonstrate suitable imaging quality for Gleason score grading in thick prostate cancer samples. We show that ct-dSPIM imaging is an excellent technique to quantitatively assess entire MASH prepared large-scale human tissue samples in 3D, with considerable future clinical potential.
The topology of the reaction stereo-dynamics in chemi-ionizations
Authors: Falcinelli Stefano , Vecchiocattivi Franco , Pirani Fernando 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDetails on the stereo-dynamic topology of chemi-ionizations highlight the role of the centrifugal barrier of colliding reactants: it acts as a selector of the orbital quantum number effective for reaction in a state-to-state treatment. Here, an accurate internally consistent formulation of the Optical interaction potentials, obtained by the combined analysis of scattering and spectroscopic experimental findings, casts light on structure, energy and angular momentum couplings of the precursor (pre-reactive) state controlling the stereo-dynamics of prototypical chemi-ionization reactions. The closest approach (turning point) of reagents, is found to control the relative weight of two different reaction mechanisms: (i) A direct mechanism stimulated by exchange chemical forces mainly acting at short separation distances and high collision energy; (ii) An indirect mechanism, caused by the combination of weak chemical and physical forces dominant at larger distances, mainly probed at low collision energy, that can be triggered by a virtual photon exchange between reagents.
Synthesis of covalent organic pillars as molecular nanotubes with precise length, diameter and chirality
Authors: Tian Yaru , Guo Yunlong , Dong Xue , Wan Xintong , Cheng Kuan-Heng , Chang Rong , Li Shunshun , Cao Xiaoyu , Chan Yi-Tsu , Sue Andrew C.-H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe construction of nanotubes with well-defined structures, although synthetically challenging, offers the prospect of studying novel chemical reactions and transportation within confined spaces, as well as fabricating molecular devices and nanoporous materials. Here we report a discrete molecular nanotube, namely the covalent organic pillar COP-1, synthesized through a [2 + 5] imine condensation reaction involving two penta-aldehyde macrocycles and five phenylenediamine linkers. A pair of enantiomeric nanotubes, obtained in a quantitative and diastereoselective manner, were characterized and resolved readily. NMR spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetric and X-ray crystallographic studies revealed that the 2-nm-long and 4.7-Å-wide one-dimensional channel inside COP-1 can accommodate α,ω-disubstituted n-alkyl chains with complementary lengths and electron density distributions. Furthermore, in a length-mismatched host–guest pair, we found that the nonamethylene dibromide thread not only displays a diminished binding constant in solution, but adapts an energetically unfavoured gauche conformation inside COP-1 in the solid state.
Improving the resilience of the distribution system using the automation of network switches
Authors: Hassanzadeh Ehsan , Hajiabadi Mohammad Ebrahim , Samadi Mahdi , Lotfi Hossein 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn studies of power systems, reliability issues are not fully responsive to the assessment of the distribution network in the face of natural disasters, and studies called the resilience of distribution network are needed. Distribution network resilience studies examine the impact of large incidents with high damaging power but low repetition on the power grid, which cause a lot of damage and costs. In this study, the effect of distribution network switches automation on improving the resilience of distribution networks in the event of large faults and failures has been investigated. In this approach, first the location of the incident and the probability of the percentage of destruction of the incident site are predicted, then in different scenarios, the numbers, locations, and types of switches (remote control or manoeuvre switches) are defined and in the next step, the system reliability and resilience indicators are evaluated, and then, the system resilience diagram is examined in each scenario, and at each stage, the cost‐benefit analysis is performed to evaluate the cost function. Here, the cost includes the cost of purchasing and installing switches, and benefits include costs of reliability and resilience, which ultimately significantly reduce the objective function. The proposed method is implemented on a part of the standard RBTS system.
Space weathering effects and potential spectral alteration on Phobos and the Moon: Clues from the Fe content of olivine
Authors: Xu Jingyan , Mo Bing , Wu Yanxue , Zhao Yu-Yan Sara , Lin Honglei , Ye Binlong , Michalski Joseph , Li Yang , Tai Kairui , Li Chen , Guo Zhuang , Qi Chao , Liu Shen , Li Xiongyao , Liu Jianzhong 
Published: February 2023

Context. Olivine responds to space weathering in the fastest and most profound way, which results in significant space weathering spectral alteration effects (SWSAEs) on airless silicate bodies. Although Mg-rich olivine (Fa10) has been subjected to extensive studies, SWSAEs of Fe-rich (Fa# > 20) or Fa-dominant (Fa# ⩾ 50) olivine are still poorly understood.
Aims. We aim to systematically characterize the space weathering effects and the associated spectral alterations of Fe-rich olivine on the surface of Phobos and the Moon.
Methods. We conducted nanosecond pulsed laser irradiation experiments on a set of synthetic Fe-rich olivine (Fa29, Fa50, Fa71, and Fa100) with energy levels simulated for Phobos and the Moon and analyzed the irradiated olivine for microscopic characteristics and near-infrared (NIR) and Raman spectroscopy.
Results. Micron-level thick alteration layers are found in Fa100 compared to those hundreds of nanometers thick in Fa29, Fa50, and Fa71. With increasing irradiation energy levels and Fa# values, nanophase iron (np-Fe0) particles increase in size but decrease in quantity. The np-Fe0 formed via in situ decomposition are ubiquitously present, while those formed via vapor deposition are primarily found in Fa29 but rarely in Fa# ⩾ 50. The size fraction of intermediate (10–40 nm) and large (40–60 nm) np-Fe0 proportionally increases with Fa# values. The NIR spectra of weathered olivine show darkening over reddening in most cases, but Fa100 under the most irradiated condition shows brightening-reddening spectral effects. The Raman spectra of weathered olivine show a reduction in intensity without peak shifts.
Conclusions. The Fa# values of olivine are a more critical factor in controlling the SWSAEs on Phobos than those on the Moon. If Phobos and Deimos contain substantial Fe-rich or Fa-dominant olivine, similar to Mars, thick alteration rims and large np-Fe0 formed via space weathering may cause darkening-reddening and potentially brightening-reddening spectral effects on the Martian moons.
Zerebellärer Schwindel, was steckt dahinter?
Authors: Feil Katharina , Rattay Tim W. , Adeyemi Adedolapo Kamaldeen , Goldschagg Nicolina , Strupp Michael 
Published: February 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGSchwindel und Gleichgewichtsstörungen umfassen ein multisensorisches und interdisziplinäres Syndrom unterschiedlicher Ätiologie und Pathogenese, wobei beim zerebellären Schwindel die Beschwerden durch die vestibulo-zerebellären, vestibulo-spinalen oder zerebellären Systeme verursacht werden. Der Begriff des zerebellären Schwindels umfasst eine heterogene Gruppe von Störungen mit klinischen Anzeichen einer Kleinhirnfunktionsstörung. Bei rund 10% der Patienten in einer Spezialambulanz für Schwindel und Gleichgewichtsstörungen ist der zerebelläre Schwindel ursächlich für die Vorstellung. Nach zeitlichem Verlauf können 3 Typen unterschieden werden: dauerhafte Beschwerden, wiederkehrende Episoden mit Schwindel und Gleichgewichtsstörungen und ein akutes Auftreten der Beschwerden. Die häufigsten Diagnosen waren: degenerative Erkrankungen; hereditäre Formen und erworbenen Formen 81 % der Patienten mit einem zerebellären Schwindel leiden an dauerhaften, persistierenden Schwindelbeschwerden, 31 % an Schwindelattacken und 21 % sowohl an dauerhaften Beschwerden als auch an Attacken, während typische klinische zerebelläre Zeichen, u. a. Gang- und Extremitätenataxien oder eine Dysarthrie seltener festgestellt wurden. Schlüssel zur Diagnose sind eine dezidierte, zielgerichtete Anamnese sowie eine gründliche klinische Untersuchung mit besonderem Augenmerk der Okulomotorik. Hinsichtlich der Untersuchung der Okulomotorik zeigten sich am häufigsten eine sakkadierte Blickfolge, ein Blickrichtungsnystagmus, Provokationsnystagmus, Reboundnystagmus, ein zentraler Fixationsnystagmus, am häufigsten der DBN sowie Sakkadenstörungen und einer Divergenzinsuffizienz. Die Untersuchung der Okulomotorik ist somit sehr sensitiv, um die Diagnose zu unterstützen, jedoch nicht spezifisch in der Unterscheidung verschiedener Krankheitsätiologien. Apparative Untersuchungen mittels Posturografie und einer standardisierten Ganganalyse können die Diagnosestellung unterstützen und zur Abschätzung des Sturzrisikos sowie zur Quantifizierung des Verlaufs und möglicher symptomatischer Behandlungseffekte beitragen. Patienten mit zerebellärem Schwindel sollten eine multimodale Behandlung erhalten.
Genetische Diagnostik zerebellärer Ataxien
Authors: Schöls Ludger , Synofzik Matthis 
Published: February 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGHereditäre Ataxien werden aufgrund ihrer genetischen Grundlage zu Vorreitern einer zielgerichteten molekularen Präzisionsmedizin in der Neurologie. Neben diversen Small-molecule-Ansätzen werden erste Antisense-Oligonukleotid (ASO)-Therapiestudien erwartet. Dabei gestaltet sich jedoch die vorausgehende klinisch-genetische Aufarbeitung degenerativer Ataxie-Erkrankungen schwierig, angesichts einer zunehmenden, selbst für Experten oftmals kaum überschaubaren Anzahl neuer – teils häufiger, teils extremst seltener – genetischer Ataxie-Erkrankungen. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt eine pragmatische Orientierung für Nichtataxie-Experten für die klinisch-genetische Aufarbeitung von Patienten mit degenerativer Ataxie. Nach einer allgemeinen Einführung zu besonderen Aspekten bei der Untersuchung und Anamnese bei Ataxie-Patienten werden vor allem Häufigkeit und Therapierelevanz der jeweiligen Ataxie-Typen berücksichtigt und ein praktisch orientierter genetischer diagnostischer Algorithmus vorgestellt.