bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Distal Junctional Problems Following Long Instrumented Fusion for Degenerative Lumbar Scoliosis: Are they Related to the Paraspinal Muscles
Authors: Liu Yinhao , Yuan Lei , Zeng Yan , Li Weishi 
Published: September 2023

PurposeAlthough the incidence of distal junctional problems (DJPs) following long construct‐based treatment for degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) is lower, affected patients are more likely to require revision surgery when they occur. So the aim of this study is to identify risk factors associated with DJPs to avoid its occurrence by at least 1‐year follow‐up.MethodsA total of 182 DLS patients undergoing long instrumented fusion surgery (≥4 levels) between February 2011 and March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were placed into the DJP group if a DJP occurred at the final follow‐up; patients without mechanical complications were matched 1:2 according to age, sex and BMI as the control group. Patient characteristics, surgical variables, radiographic parameters, lumbar muscularity and fatty degeneration were analyzed statistically. The statistical differences in the results between the two groups (p values <0.05) and other variables selected by experts were entered into a multivariate logistic regression model, and the forwards likelihood ratio method was used to analyze the independent risk factors for DJPs.ResultsTwenty‐four (13.2%) patients suffered a DJP in the postoperative period and the reoperation rate was 8.8%. On univariate analysis, the lowest instrumented vertebra (LIV) CT value (p = 0.042); instrumented levels (p = 0.030); preoperative coronal vertical axis (CVA) (p = 0.046), thoracolumbar kyphosis (TLK) (p = 0.006), L4‐S1 lordosis (p = 0.013), sacral slop (SS) (p = 0.030), pelvic tilt (PT) classification (p = 0.004), and sagittal vertical axis (SVA) (p = 0.021); TLK correction (p = 0.049); post‐operative CVA (p = 0.029); Overall, There was no significant difference in the paraspinal muscle parameters between the two groups. On multivariate analysis, instrumented levels (OR = 1.595; p = 0.035), preoperative SVA (OR = 1.016; p = 0.022) and preoperative PT (OR = 0.873; p = 0.001) were identified as significant independent risk factors for DJP.ConclusionLonger instrumented levels, a greater preoperative SVA and a smaller PT were found to be strongly associated with the presence of DJPs in patients treated for DLS. The degeneration of the paraspinal muscles may not be related to the occurrence of DJPs. For DLS patients, the occurrence of DJP can be reduced by selecting reasonable fusion segments and evaluating the patient's sagittal balance and spino‐pelvic parameters before operation.
A Comparison of Corpectomy ACDF Hybrid Procedures with Nano‐Hydroxyapatite/Polyamide 66 Cage and Titanium Mesh Cage for Multi‐level Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: A Stepwise Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Li Qiujiang , Hu Bowen , Masood Umar , Zhang Zhuang , Yang Xi , Liu Limin , Feng Ganjun , Yang Huiliang , Song Yueming 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivePrevious studies have found satisfactory clinical results with the nano‐hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 (n‐HA/PA66) cage to reconstruct the stability of anterior cervical column. However, studies evaluating the long‐term outcomes of the n‐HA/PA66 cage in multi‐level degenerative cervical myelopathy (MDCM) have not been reported. This study aims to compare the outcomes of corpectomy anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) hybrid procedures between the n‐HA/PA66 cage and titanium mesh cage (TMC) to treat MDCM.MethodsAfter the screening for eligibility, this retrospective study involved 90 patients who underwent corpectomy ACDF hybrid (CACDFH) procedure from June 2013 to June 2018. The CACDFH procedure is the combination of ACDF and anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF). According to the cage utilized, we categorized patients into a n‐HA/PA66 cage group and a TMC group. Then, stepwise propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to maintain comparable clinical data between groups. All the patients were followed up ≥4 years and the longest follow‐up time was 65.43 (±11.49) months. Cage subsidence, adjacent segment degeneration (ASD), segmental height (SH), segmental angle (SA), cervical lordosis (CL), and clinical data (visual analogue scale [VAS] and Japanese Orthopaedic Association [JOA] score) was evaluated preoperatively, at 1 week, and at the final surgery follow‐up. The independent student's t test and chi‐square test were applied to compare the differences between groups.ResultsThrough PSM analysis, 25 patients from the n‐HA/PA66 group were matched to 25 patients in the TMC group. The occurrence of ASD was 16.0% (4/25) in the n‐HA/PA 66 group, which was significantly less than in the TMC group at 44.0% (11/25) (p = 0.031). Moreover, the cage subsidence rate was significantly higher in the TMC group as compared to the n‐HA/PA 66 group (40.0% vs. 12.0%, p = 0.024). But there was no significant difference in SH, SA, and CL at any time after surgery as determined through follow‐up. The VAS and JOA scores significantly improved in both groups at 3 months postoperative and at final follow‐up. However, there were no significant differences in the VAS and JOA score at any time between the two groups in preoperative (p > 0.05).ConclusionThe n‐HA/PA66 cage is associated with lower rate of cage subsidence and ASD than the TMC in the treatment of MDCM. The n‐HA/PA66 cage could be superior to the TMC in corpectomy ACDF hybrid procedures.
Dually biofortified cisgenic tomatoes with increased flavonoids and branched‐chain amino acids content
Authors: Vazquez‐Vilar Marta , Fernandez‐del‐Carmen Asun , Garcia‐Carpintero Victor , Drapal Margit , Presa Silvia , Ricci Dorotea , Diretto Gianfranco , Rambla José Luis , Fernandez‐Muñoz Rafael , Espinosa‐Ruiz Ana , Fraser Paul D. , Martin Cathie , Granell Antonio , Orzaez Diego 
Published: September 2023

SummaryHigher dietary intakes of flavonoids may have a beneficial role in cardiovascular disease prevention. Additionally, supplementation of branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs) in vegan diets can reduce risks associated to their deficiency, particularly in older adults, which can cause loss of skeletal muscle strength and mass. Most plant‐derived foods contain only small amounts of BCAAs, and those plants with high levels of flavonoids are not eaten broadly. Here we describe the generation of metabolically engineered cisgenic tomatoes enriched in both flavonoids and BCAAs. In this approach, coding and regulatory DNA elements, all derived from the tomato genome, were combined to obtain a herbicide‐resistant version of an acetolactate synthase (mSlALS) gene expressed broadly and a MYB12‐like transcription factor (SlMYB12) expressed in a fruit‐specific manner. The mSlALS played a dual role, as a selectable marker as well as being key enzyme in BCAA enrichment. The resulting cisgenic tomatoes were highly enriched in Leucine (21‐fold compared to wild‐type levels), Valine (ninefold) and Isoleucine (threefold) and concomitantly biofortified in several antioxidant flavonoids including kaempferol (64‐fold) and quercetin (45‐fold). Comprehensive metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis of the biofortified cisgenic tomatoes revealed marked differences to wild type and could serve to evaluate the safety of these biofortified fruits for human consumption.
Photopatch testing in Singapore: A 10‐year retrospective study
Authors: Lim Shi Yu Derek , Goon Anthony Teik‐Jin , Leow Yung Hian , Chong Tricia Yi Rui , Tan Eugene Sern‐Ting , Cheng Wei Na Suzanne 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundPhotopatch testing represents the gold standard for the diagnosis of photoallergic contact dermatitis (PACD). We aimed to identify common photoallergens in our tertiary dermatological referral centre from 2012 to 2021, to compare this to the preceding period studied, and data from other communities.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of all 90 patients who underwent photopatch testing at the National Skin Centre, Singapore, between 2012 and 2021.ResultsOf 90 patients, 19 (21.1%) were male, and the mean age was 41.6 years. Eighty‐four (93.3%) underwent testing to our standard sunscreen series, 10 (11.1%) to our extended series, and 73 (81.1%) to their own items. Seventeen (18.9%) were diagnosed with PACD (i.e., photocontact allergy with present or past relevance), 12 (13.3%) with ACD, and 4 (4.4%) with photoaugmented ACD. Relevant reactions were commonest to oxybenzone (8, 9.5%) and mexenone (3, 3.6%). Eleven (15.1%) had PACD to their own items, with 3 of 4 (75%) tested to ketoprofen diagnosed with PACD and the remaining 1 (25%) with photoaugmented ACD. Age, race, sex, atopy, and site of involvement were not associated with photocontact allergy. Compared to the preceding time period, the overall frequency of photocontact allergy and PACD decreased, but rates of photoallergic reactions to individual photoallergens were not significantly different.ConclusionOrganic ultraviolet absorbers such as oxybenzone and mexenone remained the most relevant photoallergens. Personal item testing was valuable, and testing to ketoprofen should be considered.
A strategic roadmap for carbohydrate utilization in crustaceans feed
Authors: Singha Krishna P. , Sahu Narottam P. , Sardar Parimal , Shamna Naseemashahul , Kumar Vikas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCarbohydrates serve as essential macronutrients in aquaculture feeds, providing cost‐efficiency and numerous advantages, including energy supply, pellet stability, reduced ammonia excretion, and support for exoskeleton synthesis in crustaceans. Despite their significance, research on carbohydrate nutrition in crustaceans has been relatively limited compared to finfish. This comprehensive review addresses this knowledge gap by presenting contemporary insights into carbohydrate utilization in commercially important crustacean species, encompassing shrimps, prawns, crabs, lobsters, and crayfishes. The review underscores the pivotal role of carbohydrates, identifies limiting factors, and outlines strategies for enhancing efficiency. Wheat and sorghum/milo emerge as particularly promising carbohydrate sources. Nevertheless, determining species‐specific carbohydrate inclusion levels remains essential for further investigation. This review also emphasizes species‐specific distinctions in carbohydrate utilization during starvation, influenced by factors such as age, moulting stage, and digestive capacity. Challenging the misconception that carbohydrates are superfluous for crustaceans is imperative. Additional research to advance comprehension of their utilization mechanisms is vital. Enhanced knowledge of carbohydrate utilization can pave the way for economically sustainable and environmentally friendly feeds in crustacean aquaculture. Furthermore, exploring exogenous enzyme potential, optimizing pre‐treatment methodologies, and harnessing probiotics can further augment carbohydrate utilization. These advancements hold promise for bolstering the growth and sustainability of the crustacean industry, meeting the surging demand for seafood production while minimizing environmental impact.
The P1 protein of wheat yellow mosaic virus exerts RNA silencing suppression activity to facilitate virus infection in wheat plants
Authors: Chen Dao , Zhang Hui‐Ying , Hu Shu‐Ming , Tian Meng‐Yuan , Zhang Zong‐Ying , Wang Ying , Sun Li‐Ying , Han Cheng‐Gui 
Published: September 2023

SUMMARYWheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) causes severe wheat viral disease in Asia. However, the viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR) encoded by WYMV has not been identified. Here, the P1 protein encoded by WYMV RNA2 was shown to suppress RNA silencing in Nicotiana benthamiana. Mutagenesis assays revealed that the alanine substitution mutant G175A of P1 abolished VSR activity and mutant Y10A VSR activity remained only in younger leaves. P1, but not G175A, interacted with gene silencing‐related protein, N. benthamiana calmodulin‐like protein (NbCaM), and calmodulin‐binding transcription activator 3 (NbCAMTA3), and Y10A interacted with NbCAMTA3 only. Competitive Bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co‐immunoprecipitation assays showed that the ability of P1 disturbing the interaction between NbCaM and NbCAMTA3 was stronger than Y10A, Y10A was stronger than G175A. In vitro transcript inoculation of infectious WYMV clones further demonstrated that VSR‐defective mutants G175A and Y10A reduced WYMV infection in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), G175A had a more significant effect on virus accumulation in upper leaves of wheat than Y10A. Moreover, RNA silencing, temperature, and autophagy have significant effects on the accumulation of P1 in N. benthamiana. Taken together, WYMV P1 acts as VSR by interfering with calmodulin‐associated antiviral RNAi defense to facilitate virus infection in wheat, which has provided clear insights into the function of P1 in the process of WYMV infection.
Rethinking O2, CO2 and breathing during wakefulness and sleep
Authors: Dempsey Jerome A. , Gibbons Travis D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe have examined the importance of three long‐standing questions concerning chemoreceptor influences on cardiorespiratory function which are currently experiencing a resurgence of study among physiologists and clinical investigators. Firstly, while carotid chemoreceptors (CB) are required for hypoxic stimulation of breathing, use of an isolated, extracorporeally perfused CB preparation in unanaesthetized animals with maintained tonic input from the CB, reveals that extra‐CB hypoxaemia also provides dose‐dependent ventilatory stimulation sufficient to account for 40–50% of the total ventilatory response to steady‐state hypoxaemia. Extra‐CB hyperoxia also provides a dose‐ and time‐dependent hyperventilation. Extra‐CB sites of O2‐driven ventilatory stimulation identified to date include the medulla, kidney and spinal cord. Secondly, using the isolated or denervated CB preparation in awake animals and humans has demonstrated a hyperadditive effect of CB sensory input on central CO2 sensitivity, so that tonic CB activity accounts for as much as 35–40% of the normal, air‐breathing eupnoeic drive to breathe. Thirdly, we argue for a key role for CO2 chemoreception and the neural drive to breathe in the pathogenesis of upper airway obstruction during sleep (OSA), based on the following evidence: (1) removal of the wakefulness drive to breathe enhances the effects of transient CO2 changes on breathing instability; (2) oscillations in respiratory motor output precipitate pharyngeal obstruction in sleeping subjects with compliant, collapsible airways; and (3) in the majority of patients in a large OSA cohort, a reduced neural drive to breathe accompanied reductions in both airflow and pharyngeal airway muscle dilator activity, precipitating airway obstruction.
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“Walking the Tightrope”: Reflections on Mobilizing Foucauldian Theory Within an Endurance Running Coach Development Intravention
Authors: Avner Zoë , Denison Jim , Konoval Tim , Hall Edward T. , Skebo Kristina , Radowits Royden , Downie Declan 
Published: September 2023

This paper presents our efforts and subsequent reflections in attempting to make Foucauldian theory accessible and relevant to a group of high-performance endurance-running coaches within the context of a coach development intravention and Foucauldian inspired workshop series. Specifically, we reflect upon our efforts to introduce coaches to Foucauldian ideas and concepts such as the knowledge–power–practice triad and upon the tensions we experienced in doing so. These tensions were related to the power of the theory–practice divide to set expectations around what it means to be an effective coach developer and a high-performance coach but also in the main related to our intentions regarding a broader shift in the coaches’ thinking concerning the influence of a number of social forces in the formation of their practices. We contend that coaching scholars invested in mobilizing ways of knowing underpinned by a different logic (e.g., relationally informed ways of knowing) within coaching and coach development settings would benefit from a deeper understanding of the politics of sports coaching knowledge and practice and how relations of power–knowledge impact learning within pedagogical contexts. Such an awareness, we believe, would in turn support more targeted pedagogical frameworks, practices, and strategies specifically aimed at disrupting established relations of power–knowledge and related problematic binary understandings such as the theory–practice divide which stand in the way of more diverse and ethical knowledge production processes in sports coaching and coach development work.
Stressors and Expected Performance of Soccer Athletes: The Role of Sport Confidence and Cognitive Appraisal
Authors: Morais Catarina , Simães Clara , Gomes A. Rui , Gonçalves Beatriz M. 
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to provide a framework for how athletes evaluate stress before a competition and how stress relates to cognitive appraisal, sport confidence, and expectations of performance. Participants were 327 youth male athletes, aged 15–19 years (M = 16.90; SD = 1.00), who competed in the Portuguese National Football League and completed a questionnaire 24–48 hr before their match, using the critical incident methodology. Results revealed that opponents were the main source of stress for athletes and that the more athletes stress about their opponents, the more they tend to perceive the situation as threatening (and less challenging), the lower their perceptions of coping and sport confidence which, in turn, predicted lower expectations of individual and collective performance. In sum, perceiving the stressful situation as either a challenge or a threat predicts young athletes’ sport confidence and, consequently, expected performance when dealing with stressful competitive situations.
Complete genome sequences of α-glucosidase-positive and -negative strains of
Nocardia seriolae
from
Seriola
species in Japan
Authors: Umeda Kousuke , Matsuura Yuta , Shimahara Yoshiko , Takano Tomokazu , Matsuyama Tomomasa 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

We report complete genome sequences of two strains of
Nocardia seriolae
, the causative agent of nocardiosis in fish. Strains KGN1266 (α-glucosidase-positive) and 024013 (α-glucosidase-negative) were isolated from
Seriola dumerili
and
Seriola quinqueradiata
, respectively. Whole genome sequences were hybrid-assembled using Oxford Nanopore long-read and BGI DNBseq short-read sequencing.
Arsenophonus
symbiosis with louse flies: multiple origins, coevolutionary dynamics, and metabolic significance
Authors: Martin Říhová Jana , Gupta Shruti , Darby Alistair C. , Nováková Eva , Hypša Václav 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Arsenophonus
is a widespread insect symbiont with life strategies that vary from parasitism to obligate mutualism. In insects living exclusively on vertebrate blood, mutualistic
Arsenophonus
strains are presumed to provide B vitamins missing in the insect host diet. Hippoboscidae, obligate blood feeders related to tsetse flies, have been previously suggested to have acquired
Arsenophonus
symbionts in several independent events. Based on comparative genomic analyses of 11 Hippoboscidae-associated strains, 9 of them newly assembled, we reveal a wide range of their genomic characteristics and phylogenetic affiliations. Phylogenetic patterns and genomic traits split the strains into two different types. Seven strains display characteristics of obligate mutualists with significantly reduced genomes and long phylogenetic branches. The remaining four strains cluster on short branches, and their genomes resemble those of free-living bacteria or facultative symbionts. Both phylogenetic positions and genomic traits indicate that evolutionary history of the Hippoboscidae-
Arsenophonus
associations is a mixture of short-term coevolutions with at least four independent origins. The comparative approach to a reconstruction of B vitamin pathways across the available
Arsenophonus
genomes has produced two kinds of patterns. On one hand, it indicates the different importance of individual B vitamins in the host-symbiont interaction. While some (riboflavin, pantothenate, and folate) seem to be synthesized by all Hippoboscidae-associated obligate symbionts, pathways for others (thiamine, nicotinamide, and cobalamin) are mostly missing. On the other hand, the broad comparison has produced patterns that can serve as bases for further assessments of the pathways’ completeness and functionality.

IMPORTANCE

Insects that live exclusively on vertebrate blood utilize symbiotic bacteria as a source of essential compounds, e.g., B vitamins. In louse flies, the most frequent symbiont originated in genus
Arsenophonus
, known from a wide range of insects. Here, we analyze genomic traits, phylogenetic origins, and metabolic capacities of 11
Arsenophonus
strains associated with louse flies. We show that in louse flies,
Arsenophonus
established symbiosis in at least four independent events, reaching different stages of symbiogenesis. This allowed for comparative genomic analysis, including convergence of metabolic capacities. The significance of the results is twofold. First, based on a comparison of independently originated
Arsenophonus
symbioses, it determines the importance of individual B vitamins for the insect host. This expands our theoretical insight into insect-bacteria symbiosis. The second outcome is of methodological significance. We show that the comparative approach reveals artifacts that would be difficult to identify based on a single-genome analysis.
Constraints on the local cosmic void from the Pantheon supernovae data
Authors: Wang Ke , Chen Kun-Peng , Le Delliou Morgan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn principle, the local cosmic void can be simply modeled by the spherically symmetric Lemaitre–Tolman–Bondi (LTB) metric. In practice, the real local cosmic void is probably not spherically symmetric. In this paper, to reconstruct a more realistic profile of the local cosmic void, we divide it into several segments. Each segment with certain solid angle is modeled by its own LTB metric. Meanwhile, we divide the 1048 type Ia supernovae (SNIa) of the Pantheon Survey into corresponding subsets according to their distribution in the galactic coordinate system. Obviously, each SNIa subset can only be used to reconstruct the profile of one segment. Finally, we can patch together an irregular profile for the local cosmic void with the whole Pantheon sample. Note that, the paucity of each data subset lead us to focus on the inner part of each void segment and assume that the half radii of the void segments are sufficient to constrain the whole segment. We find that, despite $$2\sigma $$

2
σ

signals of anisotropy limited to the depth of the void segments, the constraints on every void segment are consistent with $$\Lambda $$
Λ
CDM model at 95% CL. Moreover, our constraints are too weak to challenge the cosmic homogeneity and isotropy.