bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acceptability and effectiveness of a study information video in improving the research consent process for youth: a non-inferiority trial
Authors: Mwaturura Tinashe Cynthia , Simms Victoria , Dauya Ethel , Shrestha Som Kumar , Ferrand Salmaan , Shavani Talent , Dziva Chikwari Chido , Mackworth-Young Constance R S , Bandason Tsitsi , Mavodza Constancia , Tembo Mandikudza , Kranzer Katharina , Bernays Sarah , Ferrand Rashida Abbas 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionObtaining informed consent for research includes the use of information sheets, which are often long and may be difficult for participants to understand. We conducted a trial to investigate whether consent procedures using a study information video coupled with electronic consent were non-inferior to standard consent procedures using participant information sheets (PIS) among youth aged 18–24 years in Zimbabwe.MethodsThe trial was nested within an endline population-based survey for a cluster-randomised trial from October 2021 to June 2022. Randomisation of participants to video or paper-based consent was at household level. We assessed non-inferiority in comprehension of the study using a questionnaire. The video method was accepted as non-inferior to standard consent procedures if the 95% CIs of the mean difference did not fall below the prespecified margin of 1.98. Thematic analysis was conducted on brief qualitative discussions with randomly selected youth to explore the acceptability of video and PIS within consent methods.ResultsOverall, 921 participants were enrolled (54% female). The median age was 20 (IQR 18–24) years. The mean comprehension score was 25.4/30 in both arms. The mean difference in comprehension between arms was −0.02 (95% CI −0.51 to 0.47) showing non-inferiority of the intervention in comprehension of study information. Youth (N=90) described both consent methods as interactive and inclusive. Those in the video consent arm felt it was exciting and youth focused. The use of imagery to explain procedures strengthened the perceived trustworthiness of the research. However, the high volume of information in both arms reduced acceptability.ConclusionComprehension of study information using an information video is non-inferior to a paper-based consent method. Using information videos for consent processes shows promise as a person-centred and context-sensitive approach to enhance the informed consent process and should be encouraged by ethics committees.
The Linda Kizazi study: a comparison of morbidity and mortality from birth to 2 years between children who are HIV-unexposed and HIV-exposed, uninfected in the era of universal antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Begnel Emily R , Ojee Ednah , Adhiambo Judy , Mabele Eliza , Wandika Brenda , Ogweno Vincent , Lim Efrem S , Gantt Soren , Kinuthia John , Lehman Dara A , Slyker Jennifer , Wamalwa Dalton 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundHistorically, children who are HIV-exposed, uninfected (CHEU) have been found to have greater morbidity and mortality than children who are HIV-unexposed, uninfected (CHUU). To assess whether this difference persists in the era of universal antiretroviral therapy (ART), we conducted a cohort study to compare the risk of acute diarrhoea, respiratory tract infections (RTI), malaria, hospitalisation, and all-cause mortality between Kenyan CHEU and CHUU from birth to 2 years.MethodsFrom December 2018 to March 2020 at Mathare North Health Centre in Nairobi, we recruited pregnant women living with HIV on ART for ≥6 months and pregnant women without HIV from the same community. We followed the mother–infant pairs for 2 years post partum and collected data on symptoms of illness, clinical visits and diagnoses, and infant feeding every 3 months; a self-selected subset of participants also received weekly data collection for up to 1 year. We compared the risk of each outcome between CHEU versus CHUU using HRs from Andersen-Gill (recurrent morbidity outcomes) and Cox proportional hazards (mortality) regression models adjusted for maternal age, marital status and education level.ResultsAmong 187 mother–infant pairs with postpartum data, 86 (46%) infants were CHEU and 101 (54%) were CHUU. All initiated breastfeeding, and 88% of CHEU and 57% of CHUU were exclusively breastfed (EBF) for ≥6 months. There was no significant difference in risk of diarrhoea (HR=0.79, 95% CI 0.52 to 1.22), malaria (HR=0.44, 95% CI 0.16 to 1.21), hospitalisation (HR=1.11, 95% CI 0.30 to 4.14), or mortality (HR=1.87, 95% CI 0.17 to 20.5). However, CHEU had lower risk of any RTI (HR=0.60, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.82) and pneumonia (HR=0.29, 95% CI 0.091 to 0.89).ConclusionsCHEU born to women on effective long-term ART experienced similar overall morbidity and mortality as CHUU. However, CHEU had substantially lower risk of pneumonia and other RTI, possibly due to longer EBF in this group.
Protease-activated receptor 1 in the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis
Authors: Sarkar Sohinee , Han Jia-Xi , Azzopardi Kristy , Dhar Poshmaal , Saeed Muhammad A , Day Sophie , Ranganathan Sarath , Sutton Philip 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundThe most common cause of death in those with cystic fibrosis (CF) is respiratory failure due to bronchiectasis resulting from repeated cycles of respiratory infection and inflammation. Protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) is a cell surface receptor activated by serine proteases including neutrophil elastase, which is recognised as a potent modulator of inflammation. While PAR1 is known to play an important role in regulating inflammation, nothing is known about any potential role of this receptor in CF pathogenesis.MethodsPAR1 (PAR1-/-) and intestinal-corrected CFTR (Cftr-/-) deficient mice were crossed to generate double knock-out (DKO) mutants lacking both PAR1 and CFTR, as well as matching sibling single mutant and wildtype (WT) littermate controls. Mice were weighed weekly to 15 weeks of age; then, the lungs and intestines were examined.ResultsCftr-deficient mice gained body weight at a significantly slower rate than WT controls and presented with no lung inflammation, but had increased weights of their ilea and proximal colons. DKO mice (lacking both CFTR and PAR1) gained body weight at a similar rate toCftr-/-mice but only gained weight in their proximal colons. Weight gain in the ilea ofCftr-/-but not DKO mice was associated with increased ileal levels in the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6.ConclusionsThis study provides the first evidence of PAR1 contributing to the pathological effects ofCftrdeficiency in the intestine and suggests a possible effect of PAR1 on the regulation of IL-6 in CF pathogenesis.
Long-term incidence of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: analysis of appropriate and inappropriate interventions
Authors: Christensen Emma Basse , Vissing Christoffer Rasmus , Silajdzija Elvira , Mills Helen Lamiokor , Thune Jens Jakob , Larroudé Charlotte , Bosselmann Helle Skovmand , Philbert Berit Thornvig , Raja Anna Axelsson , Christensen Alex Hørby , Bundgaard Henning 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundTreatment with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) effectively prevents sudden cardiac death (SCD) in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Identifying patients most likely to benefit from a primary prevention ICD remains challenging. We aimed to investigate the long-term incidence of ICD therapy in patients with HCM according to SCD-risk at baseline.MethodsThe study retrospectively included all patients with HCM treated with an ICD for primary or secondary prevention between 1995 and 2022 in Eastern Denmark. Medical records for each patient were evaluated. Patients were stratified into risk groups according to the European Society of Cardiology HCM Risk-SCD score.ResultsWe included 208 patients (66% male) with HCM and an ICD for primary (78%) or secondary prevention (22%). During a median 10-year follow-up, 66 patients (32%) received appropriate ICD therapy (antitachycardia pacing and/or shock), while 20 (10%) received inappropriate therapy. Patients with an ICD implanted for secondary prevention were almost twice as likely to receive appropriate therapy compared with patients with an ICD implanted for primary prevention (47% vs 28%, p=0.02). The 5-year cumulative incidences of appropriate shock therapy were 17% in patients with a high HCM Risk-SCD score, 16% in patients with an intermediate-risk score and 6% in patients with a low-risk score. A high-risk score was associated with higher cumulative incidence of appropriate shock therapy (p=0.012).ConclusionOne-third of patients with HCM treated with an ICD experienced appropriate ICD therapy. The HCM-Risk SCD score adequately distinguished between low-risk and high-risk patients among those who underwent ICD implantation. Further improvements of risk-tools are needed to identify a larger proportion of the two-thirds of patients who did not benefit from ICD implantation after 10 years of observation.
Spatio-temporal clustering of drowning mortality in Iran, from 2005 to 2022
Authors: Ziyaee Samaneh , Shahbazi Fatemeh , Hajmanouchehri Reza , Hashemi Nazari Seyed Saeed 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundDrowning is a serious and neglected public health threat, and prevention of drowning has a multisectoral nature and requires multidimensional research. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the spatio-temporal variation in fatal unintentional drowning rates among the Iranian population from 2005 to 2022.MethodsIn this repeated cross-sectional study, registry data were extracted from legal medicine organisations during 2005–2022. The mortality rate per 1 million population was calculated by gender and province. The joinpoint regression model was fitted to estimate average annual percentage changes and an annual percentage change in the drowning mortality rate. We used spatial scan statistics to detect high-risk clusters of drowning deaths at the provincial level.ResultsOver 17 years 19 547 people died due to unintentional drowning. The highest yearly drowning rate was 15.58 per 1 000 000, and men had the highest rates of death (25.91) compared with women (4.98) in 2019. The overall mortality rate has decreased from 18.69 in 2005 to 12.87 in 2022. In the spatio-temporal analysis, four statistically significant high-risk clusters were detected in the north, southeast and centre of Iran.ConclusionThe overall mortality rate in 2022 decreased compared with the 17-year period. In the spatial analysis, several high-risk clusters were identified in different locations, which highlights the importance of targeted and more comprehensive interventions. It seems that the prevention of drowning requires the effective participation of all responsible organisations and risk reduction plans in the field of environmental and individual risk factors.
Real-world evaluation of the accuracy of the Viz.AI automated intracranial hemorrhage volume calculation tool
Authors: Odland Ian , Liu Kayla J , Wu Dylan , Yaeger Kurt A , Ascanio Luis C , Smith Colton , Schuldt Braxton Riley , Young Tirone , Rossitto Christina P , Downes Margaret , Vasan Vikram , Ali Muhammad , Hardigan Trevor , Shigematsu Tomoyoshi , Fifi Johanna T , Mocco J , Kellner Christopher Paul 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundAppropriate management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) requires rapid, accurate volume estimation. Viz.AI has developed an artificial intelligence (AI)-powered ICH calculation tool that may improve existing methods.MethodsAdult patients presenting to a large healthcare system between December 2015 and December 2021 with spontaneous ICH greater than 10mL and within 72 hours since ictus were analyzed for hematoma volume. mABC/2 (modified ABC/2) was measured by a board-certified neurosurgeon. Semi-autonomous segmentation (SAS) was performed by a trained medical student on 3D Slicer, adjudicated by a board-certified neurosurgeon and used as a surrogate ground-truth volume.Results139 CTs met inclusion criteria. Mean ICH volume via ground-truth SAS was 47.69±27.19 mL. Mean ICH volume difference between SAS and AI and SAS and mABC/2 was 4.77±4.06 mL and 8.36±9.48 mL, respectively (p<0.01). Bland-Altman plots yielded AI and SAS limits of agreement between −4.45 and 13.18 mL, and mABC/2 and SAS limits of agreement between −21.35 and 27.02 mL. The average absolute difference between IVH volume yielded by SAS and AI was 3.26±3.55 mL. Bland-Altman plots yielded IVH volume limits of agreement between −7.48 mLand 10.47 mL. AI was 94.6% sensitive and 94.0% specific for detecting IVH in the presence of ICH. The average time-to-volume for SAS and AI was 424±208 and 151±49.7 s (P<0.01), respectively.ConclusionViz.AI is more accurate than mABC/2, and more rapid than SAS. The combination of speed and accuracy makes Viz.AI viable for clinical decision-making and clinical trial use.
Introducing the Caliber-Flow Status Scale (CFSS): a novel tool for assessing covered cortical branch status after flow diverter treatment of middle cerebral artery aneurysms
Authors: Nawka Marie Teresa , Zainal Isa Azzaki , Manceau Pierre-François , Soize Sebastien , Pierot Laurent 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundThis study assessed caliber and flow changes of covered cortical middle cerebral artery (MCA) branches using the new Caliber-Flow Status Scale (CFSS), postoperative diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) lesions, and clinical outcome following flow diverter (FD) treatment of MCA aneurysms.MethodsThis single-center retrospective study collected data from patients treated with FD between January 2016 and March 2024, including patient characteristics, aneurysm features, postoperative DWI lesions, and clinical outcomes. Vessel status was assessed using CFSS: 1a (normal caliber and flow), 1b (normal caliber, reduced flow), 2a (reduced caliber, normal flow), 2b (reduced caliber and flow), and 3 (occlusion).ResultsThirty-nine patients with 41 aneurysms with 63 covered MCA branches were included. Immediately after FD deployment, 63.5% of covered branches retained normal caliber and flow (CFSS 1a) while the remaining branches with compromised caliber and flow (CFSS >1a) showed significant improvement following tirofiban administration. Intraoperative thromboembolic complications led to occlusion in three branches, all restored after tirofiban without clinical symptoms (P=0.003). At 6 months, 79% of covered branches showed normal flow with or without caliber reduction (CFSS 1a/2a). DWI lesions showed no significant correlation with caliber and flow changes and clinical symptoms.ConclusionsFD treatment for MCA aneurysms leads to significant but primarily asymptomatic CFSS changes in covered cortical branches within the first 6 months. Intra-arterial tirofiban effectively improves vessel status in branches with higher CFSS (>1a). CFSS is valuable for tracking these changes and underscores the importance of long-term follow-up.
Autoimmune encephalitis: recovery, residual symptoms and predictors of long-term sequelae
Authors: Thakolwiboon Smathorn , Gilligan Michael , Orozco Emma , Britton Jeffrey W , Dubey Divyanshu , Flanagan Eoin P , Lopez-Chiriboga A Sebastian , Smith Kelsey , Valencia-Sanchez Cristina , Zalewski Nicholas L , Zekeridou Anastasia , Pittock Sean J , McKeon Andrew 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundData regarding long-term recovery from autoimmune encephalitis (AE) remain limited.MethodsThis retrospective observational study investigated outcomes in 182 patients who met the 2016 criteria for definite AE. Recovery data were available in 172 patients. Follow-up data at ≥24 months post-attack were available for 119. Recovery trajectory, residual symptoms, outcome predictors and causes of post-AE death were assessed.ResultsOf 172 patients, 138 (80%) achieved good recovery (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) ≤2) with a median recovery time of 4 months (95% CI: 2 to 6 months). Recovery varied by associated neural antibody, with the best recovery observed in leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (97% good recovery, median recovery time 0 (0 to 2) months). Paraneoplastic AE (p=0.007), severe attacks (eg, mRS ≥4 at attack, p=0.007) and cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis (p=0.005) were associated with a lower likelihood of good recovery, while seizure presentation (p=0.026) was associated with better recovery. Despite good recovery, several residual symptoms persisted ≥24 months post-AE, including cognitive deficits (53%), seizures (26%), depression (23%), sleep disorders (25%), brainstem/cerebellar symptoms (13%), other movement disorders (14%) and autonomic symptoms (12%). Predictors of long-term sequelae included disabling cognitive deficit at onset and delayed immunotherapy for post AE-dementia, and medial temporal atrophy as well as escalation to cyclophosphamide therapy for both drug-resistant epilepsy and chronic depression. Of 182 patients, 20 (11%) died; the most common cause of death was progression of AE (6/20 (30%)).ConclusionWhile the majority of patients achieved functional independence after AE, several residual symptoms persisted. Several clinical and paraclinical features were associated with long-term sequelae.
Impact of quality of life on overall work productivity impairment and activity impairment of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: the PEONY study
Authors: Tanaka Yoshiya , Miyazaki Yusuke , Hirata Shintaro , Kusaka Katsuhide , Kosaka Shunpei , Nakatsuka Keisuke , Saito Kazuyoshi , Iwata Shigeru , Yamaguchi Yoshiyuki , Yabe-Wada Toshiki , Fujiwara Masakazu , Arita Yoshifumi , Hoshino Mitsuru , Ozaki Naoko , Yamaoka Kunihiro , Nakayamada Shingo 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesEven in a lupus low disease activity state (LLDAS), many patients with SLE continue to face residual symptoms and disease burden. We aimed to evaluate the quality of life, activity impairment and overall work productivity impairment among patients in LLDAS. Residual disease burden was also evaluated for patients in LLDAS.MethodsThis prospective, cross-sectional study enrolled Japanese outpatients with SLE. Patients completed patient-reported outcome (PRO) questionnaires, including LupusPRO, Work Productivity and Activity Impairment-Lupus, EQ-5D-5L and Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index. Disease activity and organ damage were investigator-assessed. The primary objective was to assess the residual burden in patients in LLDAS and to investigate the association of LupusPRO domains with activity impairment using multivariate regression analysis. Other objectives were to investigate the relationship between overall work productivity impairment or activity impairment and other PRO or disease activity measures.ResultsThe analysis set included 205 patients; 93.2% were female, mean (SD) age at index date was 52.5 (14.7) years, mean (SD) duration of morbidity was 167.2 (125.2) months and 164 were in LLDAS. The mean per cent overall work productivity impairment was 22.8% and mean per cent activity impairment was 30.0% for the LLDAS group. Among patients in LLDAS, overall work productivity impairment was significantly associated with the LupusPRO domains Desires-Goals, Body Image and Pain Vitality, and activity impairment was significantly associated with the LupusPRO domains Pain Vitality, Physical Health and Lupus Symptoms.ConclusionsPatients with SLE in LLDAS still experience symptoms associated with activity impairment. Work productivity also showed impairments. Improving their quality of life and achieving social remission will require ongoing monitoring of PROs and tailoring treatments to optimise these outcomes.Trial registration numberjRCT1030210647.
Evaluating the utility of large language models in generating search strings for systematic reviews in anesthesiology: a comparative analysis of top-ranked journals
Authors: De Cassai Alessandro , Dost Burhan , Karapinar Yunus Emre , Beldagli Müzeyyen , Yalin Mirac Selcen Ozkal , Turunc Esra , Turan Engin Ihsan , Sella Nicolò 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundThis study evaluated the effectiveness of large language models (LLMs), specifically ChatGPT 4o and a custom-designed model, Meta-Analysis Librarian, in generating accurate search strings for systematic reviews (SRs) in the field of anesthesiology.MethodsWe selected 85 SRs from the top 10 anesthesiology journals, according to Web of Science rankings, and extracted reference lists as benchmarks. Using study titles as input, we generated four search strings per SR: three with ChatGPT 4o using general prompts and one with the Meta-Analysis Librarian model, which follows a structured, Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome-based approach aligned with Cochrane Handbook standards. Each search string was used to query PubMed, and the retrieved results were compared with the PubMed retrieved studies from the original search string in each SR to assess retrieval accuracy. Statistical analysis compared the performance of each model.ResultsOriginal search strings demonstrated superior performance with a 65% (IQR: 43%–81%) retrieval rate, which was statistically different from both LLM groups in PubMed retrieved studies (p=0.001). The Meta-Analysis Librarian achieved a superior median retrieval rate to ChatGPT 4o (median, (IQR); 24% (13%–38%) vs 6% (0%–14%), respectively).ConclusionThe findings of this study highlight the significant advantage of using original search strings over LLM-generated search strings in PubMed retrieval studies. The Meta-Analysis Librarian demonstrated notable superiority in retrieval performance compared with ChatGPT 4o. Further research is needed to assess the broader applicability of LLM-generated search strings, especially across multiple databases.
Relaxation dynamics of a mixed ferrimagnetic Ising system with random anisotropy
Authors: Karaaslan Yenal , Gülpınar Gül 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The relaxation dynamics of a mixed spin-1/2 and spin-1 ferrimagnetic Ising system with random anisotropy has been investigated using Onsager’s theory of irreversible thermodynamics. The magnetic Gibbs energy production, arising due to irreversible processes, is computed using the equilibrium mean-field Gibbs energy, based on the variational principle and the Gibbs–Bogoliubov inequality. In the framework of linear response theory, the time derivatives of the sublattice magnetizations are treated as fluxes conjugate to their corresponding generalized forces. Two relaxation times are computed, and their dependence on temperature and crystal field variances is examined near phase transition points for four distinct topologies, each corresponding to different phase diagrams. These phase diagrams emerge from random anisotropy drawn from a bimodal probability distribution:

$$ P(\Delta _{i}) = \frac{1}{2}\left[ \delta (\Delta _{i} - \Delta (1+\alpha )) + \delta (\Delta _{i} - \Delta (1-\alpha ))\right] . $$

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at which re-entrant phenomena occur, due to the competing interactions in the random system.