bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of informal supporters of intimate partner violence survivors: the intimate partner violence model of informal supporter readiness
Authors: Davies Ryan L. , Rice Kylie , Rock Adam J. 
Published: May 2023

Background
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious public health issue that consists of physical, sexual, and psychological violence perpetrated by a current or former partner. Informal supporters (e.g., family and friends) of survivors are more often witness to IPV or are the first people a survivor will disclose abuse to and are more able to provide consistent ongoing support than professional services. Therefore, greater understanding of informal supporters is warranted to aid in reducing the risks experienced by survivors. This systematic review aimed to: (1) identify factors associated with either an increase or decrease in helping behaviour toward a survivor, (2), identify the most effective self-care strategies employed by informal supporters, and (3) consider the current theoretical approaches used to understand informal supporters help-giving behavioural intention.

Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. The search included English language articles published between 2005 and 2021 in the databases Psych Articles, Scopus, Proquest Social Services Abstracts, and Ebscohost. Studies were included if the primary research aims explored the motivators and inhibitors of helping intention or self-care strategies of adult social network members of adult IPV survivors. Two reviewers independently screened all identified articles for inclusion suitability.

Results
One hundred and twenty articles were subjected to full text screening resulting in 31 articles being identified as meeting inclusion criteria. Synthesis of the findings identified the following three key areas associated with help-giving behavioural intentions: normative factors, individual factors, and situational factors. There were no articles identified that considered self-care of informal supporters. Of the 31 articles, 22 had a theoretical underpinning. None of the utilised theories explained all three of the identified factors of help-giving behavioural intention.

Conclusion
These results are integrated into a proposed Intimate Partner Violence Model of Informal Supporter Readiness (IPV-MISR), incorporating the identified factors associated with help-giving behavioural intention. This model provides a framework for conceptualising the readiness of an informal supporter to provide adequate support to IPV survivors. The model extends existing theoretical standpoints and has utility in both practice and research.
The Level of Technology Utilization in the Dissemination of Market Information to Smallholder Vegetable Farmers of Vihiga County, Kenya
Authors: Abdi Halima , Wakhungu Jacob W. 
Published: May 2023

Aims: To investigate the level of information and communication technology used in the dissemination of market information to vegetable farmers of Vihiga County, Kenya.
Study Design: The study used a correlational research design to investigate the relationship between ICT tools and vegetable farmers concerning the dissemination of market information.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Agribusiness and Extension Management (ABE)- Operational, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, between March 2022 and August 2022.
Methodology: We included 568 smallholder vegetable farmers (356 women, 212 men; age range 18-50 years) with the ability to produce and sell vegetables in respective local markets. Cross-tabulation was administered to generate information about the association between the dependent and independent variables.
Results: The findings indicated the availability of ICT tools such as radios, TV, mobile phones, and cyber cafes in the county. However, the use of ICT in vegetable farming was found to be limited to Radio, with 135(49.1%) of the respondents reporting owning one. This limitation contributed to the absence of market information on other ICT platforms. Still, Chi-square analysis established that ICT use in the dissemination of market information was statistically significant at P-value=0.000, with a 5% level of significance.
Conclusion: There was a positive correlation between ICT use in the dissemination of market information, and improved returns from the sale.
The Effect of Extract Turmeric (Curcuma longa) on Spermatozoa Motility in Fresh Semen of Goats
Authors: Sitepu Sukma Aditya , Marisa Julia , Farid Muhammad Miftah 
Published: May 2023

Aims: Determine the motility of spermatozoa in fresh goat semen after being given turmeric extract.
Study Design: Randomized Block Design.
Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Galang, Deli Serdang Regency, Indonesia, between December 2022 and January 2023.
Methodology: Giving turmeric extract to the goat once a day. The treatment included adding 0ml, 25 ml, 50 ml, 75 ml, and 100 ml turmeric extract. The parameter observed was the percentage of motility spermatozoa in fresh goats semen. The preparation of turmeric extract, Feeding goats using turmeric extract every day at 08.00, collection of fresh semen, evaluating motility spermatozoa. This research obtained conducted using a Randomized Block Design consisting of 5 treatment levels and five replications. Semen storage using 30 Bucks, which has done for three days.
Results: The addition of turmeric extract 0 ml showed an motility value of 65%, 25 ml = 70%, 50 ml = 75%, 75 ml = 75% and 100 ml = 75%. The analysis of variance showed that the results give a real impact on the motility of spermatozoa. The results showed that the addition of turmeric extract had significant effect (P <0.01).
Conclusion: Adding 50 ml of turmeric extract was the best result on spermatozoa motility in fresh goat semen.
A Numerical Approximation on Black-Scholes Equation of Option Pricing
Authors: Christain Onugu, , Iyai Davies, , Uchenna Amad, Innocent 
Published: May 2023

This paper considered the notion of European option which is geared towards solving analytical and numerical solutions. In particular, we examined the Black-Scholes closed form solution and modified Black-Scholes (MBS) partial differential equation using Crank-Nicolson finite difference method. These partial differential equations were approximated to obtain Call and Put option prices. The explicit price of both options is found accordingly. The numerical solutions were compared to the closed form prices of Black-Scholes formula. More so, comparisons of other parameters were discussed for the purpose of investment plans. The computational results shows: increase in stock volatility increases the value of options, when the initial stock price is equal to its strike price the values of call option is higher than the put option. This informs the investor about the behavior of stock prices for the purpose of decision making. Finally, all simulation results presented graphically using MATLAB.
In vitro and in vivo Antitrypanosomal Activities of Annona muricata Leaf Extracts in Trypanosoma brucei brucei Experimentally Infected Albino Rats
Authors: Osho Innocent Bamidele , Durojaye Catherine Olusunmibola 
Published: May 2023

Aims: Trypanosomiasis is an important protozoan disease that affects domestic and wild animals as well as man. It is caused by the tsetse fly-transmitted extracellular hemo-flagellates that belong to the genus, Trypanosoma. In East and Southern Africa, Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) is caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense while in West and Central Africa, it is caused by T. b. gambiense. Animal trypanosomiasis on the other hand is caused by T. b. brucei, T. vivax, and T. congolense. In sub-Saharan Africa, about sixty million people are at risk of infection. This current study evaluates the antitrypanosomal efficacy of extracts of Annona muricata leaf in Trypanosoma brucei brucei infected albino rats.
Place and Duration of Study: Animal Parasitology and Microbiology Research Unit, Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria, between February and June, 2021.
Methodology: In vitro antitrypanosomal analysis was done in varied concentrations of 2.5mg/ml, 5mg/ml and 10mg/ml using various solvent extracts (ethanolic, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, chloroform and aqueous). Diminazine aceturate and normal saline were used as positive and negative controls respectively. The In vivo assay was carried out through intraperitoneal administration of graded doses (200, 400 and 600mg/kg) of ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts of the plant for three consecutive days.
Results: The n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts yielded high percentage DPPH free radical scavenging activity of 85.52, 80.00 and 78.49% respectively. Decrease in motility of the parasites at different times were observed in all extracts tested invitro. These responses were positively concentration-dependent. 10mg/ml concentration of chloroform and ethyl acetate showed complete cessation of parasite motility at 35 and 45 minutes respectively. These two extracts (ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts) which showed the best invitro responses, were subjected to invivo analysis. Both extracts caused decrease in trypanosome parasitemia and prolongation of mean survival days of the rats to 14.67days as compared with 6.83days in the negative control group. The extracts displayed dose-dependent significant (p ≤ 0.05) antitrypanosomal activities when compared with the negative and positive controls.
Conclusion: The chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of Annona muricata showed a relatively higher antitrypanosomal activity over other solvent extracts used in this study. Further fractionation, purification and isolation should be done to confirm the active components in this plant that is responsible for the antitrypanosomal activities recorded.
Diagnosis and Management of Cirrhosis and Its Complications
Authors: Tapper Elliot B. , Parikh Neehar D. 
Published: May 2023

ImportanceCirrhosis affects approximately 2.2 million adults in the US. From 2010 to 2021, the annual age-adjusted mortality of cirrhosis increased from 14.9 per 100 000 to 21.9 per 100 000 people.ObservationsThe most common causes of cirrhosis in the US, which can overlap, include alcohol use disorder (approximately 45% of all cases of cirrhosis), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (26%), and hepatitis C (41%). Patients with cirrhosis experience symptoms including muscle cramps (approximately 64% prevalence), pruritus (39%), poor-quality sleep (63%), and sexual dysfunction (53%). Cirrhosis can be diagnosed by liver biopsy but may also be diagnosed noninvasively. Elastography, a noninvasive assessment of liver stiffness measured in kilopascals, can typically confirm cirrhosis at levels of 15 kPa or greater. Approximately 40% of people with cirrhosis are diagnosed when they present with complications such as hepatic encephalopathy or ascites. The median survival time following onset of hepatic encephalopathy and ascites is 0.92 and 1.1 years, respectively. Among people with ascites, the annual incidence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is 11% and of hepatorenal syndrome is 8%; the latter is associated with a median survival of less than 2 weeks. Approximately 1% to 4% of patients with cirrhosis develop hepatocellular carcinoma each year, which is associated with a 5-year survival of approximately 20%. In a 3-year randomized clinical trial of 201 patients with portal hypertension, nonselective β-blockers (carvedilol or propranolol) reduced the risk of decompensation or death compared with placebo (16% vs 27%). Compared with sequential initiation, combination aldosterone antagonist and loop diuretics were more likely to resolve ascites (76% vs 56%) with lower rates of hyperkalemia (4% vs 18%). In meta-analyses of randomized trials, lactulose was associated with reduced mortality relative to placebo (8.5% vs 14%) in randomized trials involving 705 patients and reduced risk of recurrent overt hepatic encephalopathy (25.5% vs 46.8%) in randomized trials involving 1415 patients. In a randomized clinical trial of 300 patients, terlipressin improved the rate of reversal of hepatorenal syndrome from 39% to 18%. Trials addressing symptoms of cirrhosis have demonstrated efficacy for hydroxyzine in improving sleep dysfunction, pickle brine and taurine for reducing muscle cramps, and tadalafil for improving sexual dysfunction in men.Conclusions and RelevanceApproximately 2.2 million US adults have cirrhosis. Many symptoms, such as muscle cramps, poor-quality sleep, pruritus, and sexual dysfunction, are common and treatable. First-line therapies include carvedilol or propranolol to prevent variceal bleeding, lactulose for hepatic encephalopathy, combination aldosterone antagonists and loop diuretics for ascites, and terlipressin for hepatorenal syndrome.
Response Speed‐Tunable Photodetectors Based on Hybrid Ternary FePSe3 Nanoflakes
Authors: Han Xu , Xu Guangyuan , Xing Jie , Song Yangpeng , Sun Zhenyu , Rong Dongke , Ma Fangyuan , Guo Zihao , Feng Baojie , Guo Jian‐gang , Xu Xiaolong , Wang Yeliang , Dai Yunyun , Huang Yuan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe layered metal phosphorus trichalcogenides (MPTs) are a newly emerging van der Waals material family with bandgaps ranging from 1.3 to 3.5 eV, which are promising candidates for optoelectronic devices. By using the excited multiple energy levels of FePSe3, a high‐performance FePSe3 photodetector, which shows tunable response speed in the range of ultraviolet (UV) to near‐infrared (NIR), is designed. The FePSe3 photodetector exhibits a high photoresponsivity of 236.18 A·W−1 under 532 nm laser illumination (laser power density P = 1 mW cm−2). The properties of FePSe3 can be modulated by oxygen plasma treatment, which transfer to oxygen‐doped FePSe3 (FePSe3‐O). Moreover, the speed of the FePSe3‐O photodetector can be improved more than 240 times compared to the intrinsic FePSe3 photodetector under NIR illumination (λ = 808 nm). In addition, the FePSe3‐graphene heterojunction can significantly improve the photoresponsivity and simultaneously prolong the response time of the device due to the FePSe3/graphene interfacial barrier. These results suggest that intrinsic, doped FePSe3 and its heterojunction can be used as multifunctional photodetectors with tunable response speeds.
The c‐Src/LIST Positive Feedback Loop Sustains Tumor Progression and Chemoresistance
Authors: Wang Xianteng , Wang Bing , Li Fang , Li Xingkai , Guo Ting , Gao Yushun , Wang Dawei , Huang Weiren 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChemotherapy resistance and treatment failure hinder clinical cancer treatment. Src, the first mammalian proto‐oncogene to be discovered, is a valuable anti‐cancer therapeutic target. Although several c‐Src inhibitors have reached the clinical stage, drug resistance remains a challenge during treatment. Herein, a positive feedback loop between a previously uncharacterized long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA), which the authors renamed lncRNA‐inducing c‐Src tumor‐promoting function (LIST), and c‐Src is uncovered. LIST directly binds to and regulates the Y530 phosphorylation activity of c‐Src. As a c‐Src agonist, LIST promotes tumor chemoresistance and progression in vitro and in vivo in multiple cancer types. c‐Src can positively regulate LIST transcription by activating the NF‐κB signaling pathway and then recruiting the P65 transcription factor to the LIST promoter. Interestingly, the LIST/c‐Src interaction is associated with evolutionary new variations of c‐Src. It is proposed that the human‐specific LIST/c‐Src axis renders an extra layer of control over c‐Src activity. Additionally, the LIST/c‐Src axis is of high physiological relevance in cancer and may be a valuable prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target.
Sandwich‐Structured Implants to Obstruct Multipath Energy Supply and Trigger Self‐Enhanced Hypoxia‐Initiated Chemotherapy Against Postsurgical Tumor Recurrence and Metastasis
Authors: Fang Youqiang , Luo Xing , Xu Yanteng , Liu Zheng , Mintz Rachel L. , Yu Haiyang , Yu Xuan , Li Kai , Ju Enguo , Wang Haixia , Tang Zhaohui , Tao Yu , Li Mingqiang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAs a currently common strategy to treat cancer, surgical resection may cause tumor recurrence and metastasis due to residual postoperative tumors. Herein, an implantable sandwich‐structured dual‐drug depot is developed to trigger a self‐intensified starvation therapy and hypoxia‐induced chemotherapy sequentially. The two outer layers are 3D‐printed using a calcium‐crosslinked mixture ink containing soy protein isolate, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate, and combretastatin A4 phosphate (CA4P). The inner layer is one patch of poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid)‐based electrospun fibers loaded with tirapazamine (TPZ). The preferentially released CA4P destroys the preexisting blood vessels and prevents neovascularization, which obstructs the external energy supply to cancer cells but aggravates hypoxic condition. The subsequently released TPZ is bioreduced to cytotoxic benzotriazinyl under hypoxia, further damaging DNA, generating reactive oxygen species, disrupting mitochondria, and downregulating hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α, vascular endothelial growth factor, and matrix metalloproteinase 9. Together these processes induce apoptosis, block the intracellular energy supply, counteract the disadvantage of CA4P in favoring intratumor angiogenesis, and suppress tumor metastasis. The in vivo and in vitro results and the transcriptome analysis demonstrate that the postsurgical adjuvant treatment with the dual‐drug‐loaded sandwich‐like implants efficiently inhibits tumor recurrence and metastasis, showing great potential for clinical translation.
Linking glucocorticoid variations to monthly and daily behavior in a wild endangered neotropical primate
Authors: Kaisin Olivier , Bufalo Felipe , Amaral Rodrigo , Palme Rupert , Poncin Pascal , Brotcorne Fany , Culot Laurence 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIdentifying the factors swaying physiological stress levels in wild animals can help depict how they cope with environmental and social stressors, shedding light on their feeding ecology, behavioral plasticity, and adaptability. Here, we used noninvasive methods to explore the link between glucocorticoid levels and behavior in an endangered neotropical primate facing habitat fragmentation pressure, the black lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysopygus). We investigated monthly and day‐to‐day glucocorticoid variations independently to attempt to disentangle the complex nature of the adrenocortical activity. Between May 2019 to March 2020, we followed two groups of black lion tamarins in two different areas, a continuous forest and a small fragment, and gathered behavioral data (over 95 days in total; 8.6 ± 3.9 days/month) and fecal samples (Nsamples = 468; 4.93 ± 3.5 samples/day) simultaneously. Preliminary analyses enabled us to identify circadian variations linked to the biological rhythm, which were taken into account in subsequent models. Monthly analyses revealed that black lion tamarin fecal glucocorticoid metabolite levels vary according to changes in activity budget associated with the fruit consumption, movement, and resting time of the groups. At a day‐to‐day level, while intergroup encounters led to increases in fecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations, we found that changes in food intake or activity level did not trigger physiological stress responses. These findings suggest that diet and ranging patterns, driven by food availability and distribution, influence physiological stress at a seasonal scale, while acute stressors such as interspecific competition trigger short‐term stress responses. Exploring fecal glucocorticoid metabolite variations over different timescales can help uncover the predictive and reactive facets of physiological stress in wild species. Moreover, having a comprehensive understanding of the physiological state of species is a valuable conservation tool for evaluating how they cope in changing environments.
Chemoselective α‐Alkylation of Nitriles with Primary Alcohols by Manganese(I)‐Catalysis
Authors: Bera Krishanu , Mukherjee Arup 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA sustainable and easy‐to‐use protocol for the alkylation of aryl nitriles with the earth‐abundant manganese(I) catalyst is presented. The alkylation reaction employs readily available nitriles and naturally abundant alcohols as the coupling partners. The reaction proceeds chemoselectively and encompasses a broad substrate scope with good to excellent yields. The catalytic reaction yields selectively α‐branched nitriles and water as the sole byproduct. Experimental studies were executed to understand the mechanism of the catalytic reaction.
Does desegregation matter? A comparative study of school‐based social capital for university‐bound minority students in segregated and desegregated school contexts of Hong Kong
Authors: Gao Fang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDespite national policies, de facto school segregation for racial/ethnic minority students in the West and East has continued to deepen. In Hong Kong, the segregated school system was abolished in 2013, while from 2004 reformed School Places Allocation Systems encouraged minority students to choose mainstream primary and secondary schools. However, de facto ethnicity‐based school segregation continues to prevail. Most minority students in the mainstream system are stuck in low‐status schools where they face discrimination and institutional exclusion. This has led many of them to retreat to a limited number of schools that have traditionally catered for minority communities. Such segregation calls forth scholarly attention to the paradoxical correlation between the physical mixing of diverse students and equality of educational opportunity, especially equal access to post‐secondary education (PSE)—a key for minority youth to function in the competitive labour market. This study employed the theory of school‐based social capital (SBSC) and compared the ways in which PSE‐relevant institutional resources and support were rationalised and enacted by staff in de facto segregated and desegregated school contexts. Case studies of two secondary schools lead us to argue that desegregation is only effective when institutional structure, culture and agents empower minority students through access to instrumental resources and support for the pursuit of PSE. The findings confound the desegregation policy and call for structural/institutional interventions to ensure instrumental SBSC is accessible to PSE‐bound minority students in all schools, and thus increase the effectiveness of school desegregation.