bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Voluntary risk mitigation behaviour can reduce impact of SARS-CoV-2: a real-time modelling study of the January 2022 Omicron wave in England
Authors: Brooks-Pollock Ellen , Northstone Kate , Pellis Lorenzo , Scarabel Francesca , Thomas Amy , Nixon Emily , Matthews David A. , Bowyer Vicky , Garcia Maria Paz , Steves Claire J. , Timpson Nicholas J. , Danon Leon 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Predicting the likely size of future SARS-CoV-2 waves is necessary for public health planning. In England, voluntary “plan B” mitigation measures were introduced in December 2021 including increased home working and face coverings in shops but stopped short of restrictions on social contacts. The impact of voluntary risk mitigation behaviours on future SARS-CoV-2 burden is unknown.

Methods
We developed a rapid online survey of risk mitigation behaviours ahead of the winter 2021 festive period and deployed in two longitudinal cohort studies in the UK (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) and TwinsUK/COVID Symptom Study (CSS) Biobank) in December 2021. Using an individual-based, probabilistic model of COVID-19 transmission between social contacts with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant parameters and realistic vaccine coverage in England, we predicted the potential impact of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron wave in England in terms of the effective reproduction number and cumulative infections, hospital admissions and deaths. Using survey results, we estimated in real-time the impact of voluntary risk mitigation behaviours on the Omicron wave in England, if implemented for the entire epidemic wave.

Results
Over 95% of survey respondents (NALSPAC = 2686 and NTwins = 6155) reported some risk mitigation behaviours, with vaccination and using home testing kits reported most frequently. Less than half of those respondents reported that their behaviour was due to “plan B”. We estimate that without risk mitigation behaviours, the Omicron variant is consistent with an effective reproduction number between 2.5 and 3.5. Due to the reduced vaccine effectiveness against infection with the Omicron variant, our modelled estimates suggest that between 55% and 60% of the English population could be infected during the current wave, translating into between 12,000 and 46,000 cumulative deaths, depending on assumptions about severity and vaccine effectiveness. The actual number of deaths was 15,208 (26 November 2021–1 March 2022). We estimate that voluntary risk reduction measures could reduce the effective reproduction number to between 1.8 and 2.2 and reduce the cumulative number of deaths by up to 24%.

Conclusions
Predicting future infection burden is affected by uncertainty in disease severity and vaccine effectiveness estimates. In addition to biological uncertainty, we show that voluntary measures substantially reduce the projected impact of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant but that voluntary measures alone would be unlikely to completely control transmission.
Ferroptosis related gene signature in T cell-mediated rejection after kidney transplantation
Authors: Zhang Weixun , Gong Lian , Zhang Di , Hu Xiaopeng 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
T cell-mediated rejection is an important factor affecting early transplant kidney survival. Ferroptosis has been shown to play a pathogenic role in a variety of diseases, which was not reported in TCMR. Here we developed a model for assessing activation of ferroptosis-related genes in TCMR to find a better screening method and explore the contribution of ferroptosis in TCMR.

Methods
We performed unsupervised consensus clustering according to expression of ferroptosis-related genes based on RNA-seq data from kidney transplant biopsies, and developed an assessment model characterized by ferroptosis gene expression through PCA, which was evaluated in multiple external datasets as well as blood and urine samples. Pathway enrichment and immune cell infiltration analysis were used to explore the possible targets and pathways involved in ferroptosis and TCMR.

Results
A ferroptosis gene expression scoring model was established. The diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of TCMR in renal biopsy samples were both over 80%, AUC = 0.843, and AUC was around 0.8 in multi-dataset validation, and was also close to 0.7 in blood and urine samples, while in predicting of graft survival at 3 years, scoring model had a good prognostic effect as well. Pathway enrichment and PPI network speculated that TLR4, CD44, IFNG, etc. may be the key genes of ferroptosis in TCMR.

Conclusions
Ferroptosis scoring model could better diagnose TCMR and predict graft loss, and could be used as a potential screening method in blood and urine samples. We speculate that ferroptosis plays an important role in TCMR.
Improving spinosad production by tuning expressions of the forosamine methyltransferase and the forosaminyl transferase to reduce undesired less active byproducts in the heterologous host Streptomyces albus J1074
Authors: Li Xiaochen , Guo Ruofei , Luan Ji , Fu Jun , Zhang Youming , Wang Hailong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Spinosad is a macrolide insecticide with the tetracyclic lactone backbone to which forosamine and tri-o-methylrhamnose are attached. Both the sugar moieties are essential for its insecticidal activity. In biosynthesis of spinosad, the amino group of forosamine is dimethylated by SpnS and then transferred onto the lactone backbone by SpnP. Because the spinosad native producer is difficult to genetically manipulate, we previously changed promoters, ribosome binding sites and start codons of 23 spinosad biosynthetic genes to construct an artificial gene cluster which resulted in a 328-fold yield improvement in the heterologous host Streptomyces albus J1074 compared with the native gene cluster. However, in fermentation of J1074 with the artificial gene cluster, the N-monodesmethyl spinosad with lower insecticidal activity was always produced with the same titer as spinosad.

Results
By tuning expression of SpnS with an inducible promotor, we found that the undesired less active byproduct N-monodesmethyl spinosad was produced when SpnS was expressed at low level. Although N-monodesmethyl spinosad can be almost fully eliminated with high SpnS expression level, the titer of desired product spinosad was only increased by less than 38%. When the forosaminyl transferase SpnP was further overexpressed together with SpnS, the titer of spinosad was improved by 5.3 folds and the content of N-desmethyl derivatives was decreased by ~ 90%.

Conclusion
N-monodesmethyl spinosad was produced due to unbalanced expression of spnS and upstream biosynthetic genes in the refactored artificial gene cluster. The accumulated N-desmethyl forosamine was transferred onto the lactone backbone by SpnP. This study suggested that balanced expression of biosynthetic genes should be considered in the refactoring strategy to avoid accumulation of undesired intermediates or analogues which may affect optimal production of desired compounds.
Transmission efficiency of Plasmodium vivax at low parasitaemia
Authors: Surit Thitiporn , Sripoorote Piyarat , Kumpitak Chalermpon , Suansomjit Chayanut , Maneechai Nongnuj , Cui Liwang , Sattabongkot Jetsumon , Roobsoong Wanlapa , Nguitragool Wang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Plasmodium vivax is responsible for much of malaria outside Africa. Although most P. vivax infections in endemic areas are asymptomatic and have low parasite densities, they are considered a potentially important source of transmission. Several studies have demonstrated that asymptomatic P. vivax carriers can transmit the parasite to mosquitoes, but the efficiency has not been well quantified. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between parasite density and mosquito infectivity, particularly at low parasitaemia.

Methods
Membrane feeding assays were performed using serial dilutions of P. vivax-infected blood to define the relationship between parasitaemia and mosquito infectivity.

Results
The infection rate (oocyst prevalence) and intensity (oocyst load) were positively correlated with the parasite density in the blood. There was a broad case-to-case variation in parasite infectivity. The geometric mean parasite density yielding a 10% mosquito infection rate was 33 (CI 95 9–120) parasites/µl or 4 (CI 95 1–17) gametocytes/µl. The geometric mean parasite density yielding a 50% mosquito infection rate was 146 (CI 95 36–586) parasites/µl or 13 (CI 95 3–49) gametocytes/µl.

Conclusion
This study quantified the ability of P. vivax to infect Anopheles dirus at over a broad range of parasite densities. It provides important information about parasite infectivity at low parasitaemia common among asymptomatic P. vivax carriers.
Orally administration of cerium oxide nanozyme for computed tomography imaging and anti-inflammatory/anti-fibrotic therapy of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Cao Yameng , Cheng Kai , Yang Mei , Deng Zhichao , Ma Yana , Yan Xiangji , Zhang Yuanyuan , Jia Zhenzhen , Wang Jun , Tu Kangsheng , Liang Jie , Zhang Mingzhen 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic nonspecific disease with unknown etiology. Currently, the anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches have achieved a certain extent of effects in terms of inflammation alleviation. Still, the final pathological outcome of intestinal fibrosis has not been effectively improved yet.

Results
In this study, dextran-coated cerium oxide (D-CeO2) nanozyme with superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities was synthesized by chemical precipitation. Our results showed that D-CeO2 could efficiently scavenge reactive oxide species (ROS) as well as downregulate the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and iNOS) to protect cells from H2O2-induced oxidative damage. Moreover, D-CeO2 could suppress the expression of fibrosis-related gene levels, such as α-SMA, and Collagen 1/3, demonstrating the anti-fibrotic effect. In both TBNS- and DSS-induced colitis models, oral administration of D-CeO2 in chitosan/alginate hydrogel alleviated intestinal inflammation, reduced colonic damage by scavenging ROS, and decreased inflammatory factor levels. Notably, our findings also suggested that D-CeO2 reduced fibrosis-related cytokine levels, predicting a contribution to alleviating colonic fibrosis. Meanwhile, D-CeO2 could also be employed as a CT contrast agent for noninvasive gastrointestinal tract (GIT) imaging.

Conclusion
We introduced cerium oxide nanozyme as a novel therapeutic approach with computed tomography (CT)-guided anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic therapy for the management of IBD. Collectively, without appreciable systemic toxicity, D-CeO2 held the promise of integrated applications for diagnosis and therapy, pioneering the exploration of nanozymes with ROS scavenging capacity in the anti-fibrotic treatment of IBD.
Attitudes towards people who use substances: a survey of mental health clinicians from an urban hospital in British Columbia
Authors: Russolillo Angela , Guan Meijiao , Dogherty Elizabeth J. , Kolar Maja , Du Jennifer , Brynjarsdóttir Elísabet , Carter Michelle 
Published: January 2023

AbstractStigma and other barriers limit harm reduction practice integration by clinicians within acute psychiatric settings. The objective of our study was to explore mental health clinician attitudes towards substance use and associations with clinical experience and education level. The Brief Substance Abuse Attitudes Survey was completed among a convenience sample of mental health clinicians in Vancouver, British Columbia. Five predefined attitude subgroups were evaluated. Respondents’ attitudes towards substance use were associated with level of education on questions from two (non-stereotyping [p = 0.012] and treatment optimism [p = 0.008]) subscales. In pairwise comparisons, postgraduate education was associated with more positive attitudes towards relapse risk (p = 0.004) when compared to diploma-educated respondents. No significant associations were observed between years of clinical experience and participant responses. Our findings highlight important aspects of clinician attitudes that could improve harm reduction education and integration into clinical practice.
Comparison of VTE risk scores in guidelines for VTE diagnosis in nonsurgical hospitalized patients with suspected VTE
Authors: Xiong Wei , Zhao Yunfeng , Cheng Yi , Du He , Sun Jinyuan , Wang Yanmin , Xu Mei , Guo Xuejun 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
The assessment of VTE likelihood with VTE risk scores is essential prior to imaging examinations during VTE diagnostic procedure. Little is known with respect to the disparity of predictive power for VTE diagnosis among VTE risk scores in guidelines for nonsurgical hospitalized patients with clinically suspected VTE.

Methods
A retrospective study was performed to compare the predictive power for VTE diagnosis among the Wells, Geneva, YEARS, PERC, Padua, and IMPROVE scores in the leading authoritative guidelines in nonsurgical hospitalized patients with suspected VTE.

Results
Among 3168 nonsurgical hospitalized patients with suspected VTE, VTE was finally excluded in 2733(86.3%) ones, whereas confirmed in 435(13.7%) ones. The sensitivity and specificity resulted from the Wells, Geneva, YEARS, PERC, Padua, and IMPROVE scores were (90.3%, 49.8%), (88.7%, 53.6%), (73.8%, 50.2%), (97.7%,16.9%), (80.9%, 44.0%), and (78.2%, 47.0%), respectively. The YI were 0.401, 0.423, 0.240, 0.146, 0.249, and 0.252 for the Wells, Geneva, YEARS, PERC, Padua, and IMPROVE scores, respectively. The C-index were 0.694(0.626–0.762), 0.697(0.623–0.772), 0.602(0.535–0.669), 0.569(0.486–0.652), 0.607(0.533–0.681), and 0.609(0.538–0.680) for the Wells, Geneva, YEARS, PERC, Padua, and IMPROVE scores, respectively. Consistency was significant in the pairwise comparison of Wells vs Geneva(Kappa 0.753, P = 0.565), YEARS vs Padua(Kappa 0.816, P = 0.565), YEARS vs IMPROVE(Kappa 0.771, P = 0.645), and Padua vs IMPROVE(Kappa 0.789, P = 0.812), whereas it did not present in the other pairs. The YI was improved to 0.304, 0.272, and 0.264 for the PERC(AUC 0.631[0.547–0.714], P = 0.006), Padua(AUC 0.613[0.527–0.700], P = 0.017), and IMPROVE(AUC 0.614[0.530–0.698], P = 0.016), with a revised cutoff of 5 or less, 6 or more, and 4 or more denoting the VTE-likely, respectively.

Conclusions
For nonsurgical hospitalized patients with suspected VTE, the Geneva and Wells scores perform best, the PERC scores performs worst despite its significantly high sensitivity, whereas the others perform intermediately, albeit the absolute predictive power of all isolated scores are mediocre. The predictive power of the PERC, Padua, and IMPROVE scores are improved with revised cutoffs.
Sex-specific associations between systolic, diastolic and pulse pressure and hemostatic parameters in the population-based KORA-Fit study: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Vogel von Falckenstein J. , Freuer D. , Peters A. , Heier M. , Linseisen J. , Meisinger C. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Several prior studies postulated an effect of hypertension on coagulation factors. However, population-based studies investigating the sex-specific associations between hypertension and hemostatic parameters are scarce. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between blood pressure and parameters of coagulation, namely activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), international normalized ratio (INR), fibrinogen, factor VIII, antithrombin III, protein C, protein S, and D-dimer in men and women from the general population.

Methods
Based on 803 participants (376 men, 427 women) from the KORA-Fit Study the sex-specific relationship between systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressure and commonly measured coagulation factors were investigated using multivariable-adjusted linear regression models.

Results
Hypertensive males had significantly higher median fibrinogen levels and factor VIII activity in comparison to normotensive males. There was a statistically significant difference between females with and without hypertension regarding the parameter fibrinogen, D-dimers, Protein S activity, and factor VIII activity. In multivariable linear regression analyses no significant association between systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, as well as pulse pressure and the investigated hemostatic parameters was found in men. In women, a significant positive association could be observed between systolic blood pressure and D-dimer level [β-estimate per mmHg increase 3.37 (95% CI 0.935–5.804; p = 0.007)] and between pulse pressure and D-dimer level [β-estimate per mmHg increase 5.351 (95% CI 1.772–8.930; p = 0.003)].

Conclusions
It appears that sex differences exist in the association between blood pressure parameters and commonly measured coagulation markers in the general population. Further studies are needed to identify the underlying causes.
Wrist speed feedback improves elbow compensation and reaching accuracy for myoelectric transradial prosthesis users in hybrid virtual reaching task
Authors: Earley Eric J. , Johnson Reva E. , Sensinger Jonathon W. , Hargrove Levi J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Myoelectric prostheses are a popular choice for restoring motor capability following the loss of a limb, but they do not provide direct feedback to the user about the movements of the device—in other words, kinesthesia. The outcomes of studies providing artificial sensory feedback are often influenced by the availability of incidental feedback. When subjects are blindfolded and disconnected from the prosthesis, artificial sensory feedback consistently improves control; however, when subjects wear a prosthesis and can see the task, benefits often deteriorate or become inconsistent. We theorize that providing artificial sensory feedback about prosthesis speed, which cannot be precisely estimated via vision, will improve the learning and control of a myoelectric prosthesis.

Methods
In this study, we test a joint-speed feedback system with six transradial amputee subjects to evaluate how it affects myoelectric control and adaptation behavior during a virtual reaching task.

Results
Our results showed that joint-speed feedback lowered reaching errors and compensatory movements during steady-state reaches. However, the same feedback provided no improvement when control was perturbed.

Conclusions
These outcomes suggest that the benefit of joint speed feedback may be dependent on the complexity of the myoelectric control and the context of the task.
Designing and developing a mobile app (BeBo) in a randomized controlled trial study to promote breastfeeding among Vietnamese mothers
Authors: Doan Thi Thuy Duong , Tran Trung Chuyen , Pham Ngoc Minh , Zhao Yun , Dinh Thi Phuong Hoa , Hoai Nguyen Xuan , Lee Andy , Binns Colin , Bui Thi Thu Ha 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Breastfeeding should begin as soon as possible after birth and continue exclusively to 6 months of age. In Vietnam, as in many other countries, breastfeeding is decreasing because of modern lifestyles and the promotion of infant formula. It is important to provide mothers, family members, and the community with the knowledge and strategies to improve breastfeeding rates. Smartphones are almost ubiquitous in Vietnam and of the potential to provide information about breastfeeding. This study aimed to document the process of designing and developing a mobile app to increase breastfeeding rates in Vietnamese women.

Methods
We used a four-step mixed methods approach with a literature review, formative research (22 in-depth interviews and 49 self-administered online questionnaires), and testing of prototype apps (3 focus groups discussion and external experts). Formative research and focus group discussion involved 99 participants. Finally, the revisions of the app were tested. All of the formative research was undertaken in Hanoi in 2019–2020. Target behaviors followed by key determinants, to improve breastfeeding self-efficacy were studied and this information was then applied in developing the messages and library content. Barriers and facilitators to breastfeeding were identified from literature reviews and qualitative research. The messages were targeted at not only mothers but also included fathers, mothers-in-law, or families.

Results
Mothers were mostly concerned about the initiation of breastfeeding, preventing and reducing difficulties encountered during breastfeeding, and nutrition for breastfeeding mothers. Mental health and well-being in the postnatal period are also concerns. Three key features to be included in the app were identified from the formative research: (1) notifications; (2) an information library; and (3) a searching function. The research found that the app should be installed during pregnancy rather than after delivery (81% vs 17%, respectively). Notifications that convey breastfeeding messages should be sent 2–3 times per week.

Conclusion
The development of the app followed a best practice approach, including the involvement of stakeholders and grounding in behavior change theory. The next step is to evaluate the effectiveness of the BeBo mobile app in a well-conducted randomized controlled trial.

Trial registration
ACTRN12619000531112.
The performance of EuroSCORE II in CABG patients in relation to sex, age, and surgical risk: a nationwide study in 14,118 patients
Authors: Silverborn Martin , Nielsen Susanne , Karlsson Martin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
To determine the discriminative accuracy and calibration of EuroSCORE II in relation to age, sex, and surgical risk in a large nationwide coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) cohort.

Methods
All 14,118 patients undergoing isolated CABG in Sweden during 2012–2017 were included. Individual patient data were taken from the SWEDEHEART registry. Patients were divided by age (< 60, 60–69, 70–79, ≥ 80 years), sex, and surgical risk (low: EuroSCORE < 4%, intermediate: 4–8%, high: > 8%). Discriminative accuracy was determined by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and calibration by the observed/estimated (O/E) mortality ratio at 30 days.

Results
AUC and O/E ratio were 0.82 (95% CI 0.79–0.85) and 0.58 (0.50–0.66) overall, 0.82 (0.79–0.86) and 0.57 (0.48–0.66) in men, and 0.79 (0.73–0.85) and 0.60 (0.47–0.75) in women. Regarding age, discriminative accuracy was highest in patients aged 60–69 years (AUC: 0.86 [0.80–0.93]) but was satisfactory in all groups (AUC: 0.74–0.80). O/E ratio varied from 0.26 for patients > 60 years to 0.90 for patients > 80 years. Regarding surgical risk, AUC and O/E ratio were 0.63 (0.44–0.83) and 0.18 (0.09–0.30) in low-risk patients, 0.60 (0.55–0.66) and 0.57 (0.46–0.68) in intermediate-risk patients, and 0.78 (0.73–0.83) and 0.78 (0.64–0.92) in high-risk patients.

Conclusions
EuroSCORE II had good discriminative accuracy independently of sex and age, but markedly overestimated mortality risk, especially in younger patients. Accuracy and calibration were better in high-risk patients than in low-risk and intermediate-risk patients.