bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial Activity of Juglans regia L. Dry Husk Extract against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus
Authors: Turki Ola Hameed , Jafar Zainab Juma 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
We aimed to evaluate the anti-bacterial effect of the Juglans regia dry husk ethanolic extract against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus.

Methods:
A quantity of 200 g of dry husk was ground into powder and sieved until no large particles were found, then mixed with 1 L of 70% ethanol, yielding 20 g of J. regia paste after ethanol exclusion by vacuum evaporator and lyophilization. The Agar well diffusion method was used to detect the antibacterial activity. Statistical analysis was carried out using Welch’s t-test (unequal variances t-test) via R software.

Results:
The J. regia dry husk extract showed statistically significant higher bacterial growth inhibition in comparison with prophylaxis pumice paste for both S. mutans and Lactobacillus.

Conclusion:
Ethanolic dry husk extract has antibacterial activity against both S. mutans and Lactobacillus.
Clinical evaluation of the pain predictors among temporomandibular joint disorders patients with full dentition and free-end extensions
Authors: Othman Ahmed Adel , Aswad Fawaz 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
We aimed to evaluate the possible role of the age, occlusion type, type of dentition (full dentition or free-end extensions), and type of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) to predict the presence of pain.

Methods:
Subjects were selected from volunteer male TMD patients with one partially edentulous jaw from the Baghdad city in 2022. Pain was assessed via the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Angle’s and Kennedy’s classifications were employed to assess occlusion and partially edentulous jaw conditions. TMD was assessed using Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) for Clinical and Research Applications. Relationship between pain as ordinal dependent variable and other predictor variables was assessed via ordinal logistic regression using SPSS 26.

Results:
240 subjects were assessed for eligibility and 180 TMD patients (mean age 41.1 ± 0.46) were included in the study. The omnibus test showed that the model outperforms the null model (p < 0.001). Disc displacement with reduction (odds ratio: 0.09) and Kennedy’s Class I (odds ratio: 0.42) were statistically significant inverse predictors for pain (p < 0.05). Age (p = 0.66) and Angle’s occlusion type (p = 0.91) were not significant predictors for pain.

Conclusion:
Probability of pain decreased in disc displacement with reduction and Kennedy’s Class I.
Microalbuminuria Among HIV-infected Patients from a Tertiary Health Facility in Northwest Nigeria
Authors: Abubakar Bawa I. , Abdulsalam Kabiru , Musa Sanni , Yahaya Isah A. , Adamu Sani , Aina Daniel O. 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Microalbuminuria and gradual reduction of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) are some of the early manifestations of renal involvement in HIV/AIDS. Therefore, early detection of microalbuminuria provides an opportunity to identify individuals at risk of developing chronic kidney disease, creating a platform for the institution of preventive measures and optimization of comorbid conditions.

Objective:
The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria in HIV/AIDS-infected adults in a tertiary heath institution in Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 750 participants including 250 highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-treated and 250 HAART-naive HIV/AIDS participants and 250 age-matched controls. An interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect relevant demographic and clinical information. Blood and urine samples were collected for serum creatinine and urinary albumin and creatinine measurements, respectively, and the results were collated and analyzed. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 20.0 with level of significance set at P < 0.05.

Results:
The prevalence of microalbuminuria among HIV/AIDS-infected participants was 20.6% when compared with 4.0% for the control group with statistically significant difference (P = 0.001). HAART-treated and HAART-naive groups have prevalence of 18.4% and 22.8%, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (P = 0.22). Low CD4 count and estimated GFR <90/mL/min/1.73 m2 were associated with the development of microalbuminuria.

Conclusion:
This study has shown that microalbuminuria is common among both HAART-treated and HAART-naive HIV/AIDS patients. Screening for microalbuminuria is recommended in all HIV/AIDS patients to allow for early detection of renal damage.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Ultrasound Imaging and Perioperative Measurement in the Diagnosis and Characterization of Incisional Hernia
Authors: Buyukozsoy Ayşegul Karadayi , Karatay Emrah , Gok Mehmet Ali 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Incisional hernia (IH) is a common complication after abdominal surgery, and there is no gold standard imaging modality for its diagnosis. Although computed tomography is frequently used in clinical practice, it has limitations such as radiation exposure and relatively high cost. The aim of this study is to establish standardization and hernia typing by comparing preoperative ultrasound (US) measurements and perioperative measurements in IH cases.

Methods:
The patients who were operated for IH in our institution between January 2020 and March 2021 were reviewed, retrospectively. In result, 120 patients were included in the study, and the cases had preoperative US images and perioperative hernia measurements. IH was divided into three subtypes as omentum (Type I), intestinal (Type II), and mixed (Type III) according to the defect content.

Results:
Type I IH was detected in 91 cases, Type II IH in 14 cases, and Type III IH in 15 cases. When the diameters of IH types were compared for preoperative US and perioperative measurements, respectively, there was no statistical significance (P = 0.185 and P = 0.262). According to Spearman correlation, there was a positive very strong correlation between preoperative US measurements and perioperative measurements (ρ = 0.861 and P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
As stated by our results, US imaging can be performed easily and quickly, providing a reliable way to accurately detect and characterize an IH. It can also facilitate the planning of surgical intervention in IH by providing anatomical information.
Infrared images help to identify retinal emboli in hemodynamic retinal artery occlusion
Authors: Chen Yu , Tung Hsiao-Fan , Hwang Jiunn-Feng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract:
To report a case of stroke with internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion and retinal artery occlusion (RAO) with multiple emboli identified by infrared images. The patient presented with acute blurred vision and slurred speech since woke up in the morning. Carotid Doppler ultrasonography showed severe left ICA stenosis with the decreased flow. Computed tomography angiography demonstrated left ICA critical stenosis with compensatory flows from the right ICA. There was coexistent RAO with multiple emboli, silver-wiring, and segmentation of the retinal artery. More hyperreflective emboli were uncovered by infrared images of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Embolism may accompany with the compensatory flow for ICA occlusion. RAO patients should have thorough carotid evaluations, especially those with multiple retinal emboli.
Cost-Effectiveness of Expanding Access to Primary Health Care in Rural Rwanda by Adding Laboratory-Equipped Health Posts: A Prospective, Controlled Study
Authors: Shepard Donald S. , Halasa-Rappel Yara A. , Zeng Wu , Rowlands Katharine R. , Musange Sabine F. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT.
To improve access to affordable primary health care and preventive services, in 2019 Rwanda’s Ministry of Health inaugurated eight laboratory-equipped second-generation health posts (SGHPs) in the Bugesera District. Patient fees through Rwanda’s insurance system (mutuelles) funded most operational costs through a public–private partnership. This prospective, controlled trial evaluated the posts’ impact and cost-effectiveness. Our evaluation matched the rural cells containing these posts to eight control cells in Bugesera without formal health posts. We assessed costs using 2 years of financial data; accessed use statistics at SGHPs, health centers, and in the international literature; interviewed 1,952 randomly selected residents; conducted eight focus groups; and performed difference-in-differences regressions and survival analyses. Second-generation health posts increased primary care use by 1.83 outpatient visits per person per year (P < 0.0001). Of the 10 prevention indicators compared with trends, two improved significantly with SGHPs (two showed nonsignificant improvements), and one indicator experienced a significant deterioration. Second-generation health posts generated health improvements at a low cost and achieved a small, but favorable, 5% margin of revenues over financial costs. Second-generation health posts produced a very favorable incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of only $101 per disability-adjusted life year averted—only 13% of Rwanda’s per-capita gross national income. In conclusion, SGHPs improved substantially the quantity of affordable outpatient care per person. However, net impacts on quality and completeness of care and prevention, although favorable, were small. For further improvements in access and quality of care, Rwanda’s health authorities may wish to incentivize quality and strengthen coordination with other health system components.
Analisis Kandungan Protein dan Serat Kasar Silase Pakan Komplit Berbahan Dasar Jerami Jagung dan Daun Murbei Untuk Pakan Ruminansia
Authors: Kimmang Kimmang , Novieta Intan Dwi , Basit Fitriani Sahidin , Mirnawati Mirnawati , Sabil Syahriana 
Published: March 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kandungan protein kasar dan serat kasr silase pakan komplit berbahan dasar jerami jagung dan dau murbei. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 taraf perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Adapun level pemberian yang diaplikasikan adalah S1: 50% Jerami Jagung + 40% biomassa murbei, S2: 50% Jerami Jagung + 30% biomassa murbei S3: 50% Jerami Jagung + 20% biomassa murbei dan S4: 50% Jerami Jagung + 10% biomassa murbei. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan berpengaruh signifikan pada parameter protein kasar dan serta kasar pakan silase komplit yang dihasilkan.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Tepung Daun Mengkudu Dalam Ransum Terhadap Kecernaan Lemak Dan Serat Kasar Non Ruminansia
Authors: Dalle Nautus Stivano , Demon Tukan Hendriks , Yulia Nugraha Elisabeth 
Published: March 2023

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan mempelajari pengaruh penggunaan tepung daun mengkudu (Morinda Citrifolia) dalam ransum terhadap konsumsi dan kecernaan serat kasar dan lemak kasar pada babi peranakan landrace. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 12 ekor ternak babi jantan kastrasi peranakan landrace fase stater umur 1-2 bulan, variasi berat badan 10,50-21,50 kg, rata-rata 16,70 kg dan koefisien variasi 18,76 %. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen dengan menggunakan rancangan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 kelompok sebagai ulangan. Perlakuan yang dicobakan adalah R0: 100 % ransum basal tanpa tepung daun mengkudu (TDM), R1: 98 % ransum basal+2 % TDM, R2: 96 % ransum basal+4 % TDM, R3: 94 % ransum basal+6 % TDM. Variabel yang dihitung adalah konsumsi serat kasar, kecernaan serat kasar, konsumsi lemak kasar dan kecernaan lemak kasar dan lemak kasar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan tepung daun mengkudu dalam ransum basal berpangaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap konsumsi dan kecernaan serat kasar namun berpengaruh tidak nyata (P>0,05 terhadap konsumsi dan kecernaan lemak kasar. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian ini adalah penggunaan tepung daun mengkudu 2, 4, 6 % dalam ransum basal memberikan pengaruh yang relatif sama dalam meningkatkan konsumsi dan kecernaan serat kasar dan lemak kasar pada ternak babi.
Kata kunci: babi, mengkudu, serat kasar, lemak kasar.
Manifested resilience by colombian refugees in their resettlement in new Zealand
Authors: Severiche Alfredo José López 
Published: March 2023

This research explores how Colombian refugees have manifested resilience in their resettlement and integration process in New Zealand. This study recruited 13 former Colombian refugees who were resettled in New Zealand from Ecuador, where they were recognised as refugees by the government of Ecuador and with the support of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). One reason for conducting this investigation was the lack of academic research on Colombian refugees in New Zealand, and to explore how they manifest resilience after their resettlement in New Zealand. But also, to contribute to the development of research on Colombian refugees in New Zealand and to contribute to all New Zealand refugee organisations with their resettlement and integration programmes in the country. Oral history and ethnography are the methodologies used in this study. 12 semi-structured oral history interviews were conducted with the participants. One focus group was also conducted, and four participants presented their written diaries. The findings of this research showed that the resilience demonstrated by Colombian refugees in New Zealand has been the key to overcoming the challenges of integration in the country, mainly the lack of English, mental health problems, discrimination, and unemployment.
Intervención Educativa en Materia de Primeros Auxilios en las Clases de Educación Física ( Educational Intervention in First Aid in Physical Education Classes)
Authors: Pascual Galiano María Teresa , Vega Ramírez Lilyan Mercedes , Ñíguez García Miguel Ángel 
Published: March 2023

Los primeros auxilios resultan clave en la supervivencia de las personas. Como bien sabemos, una situación de emergencia requiere respuestas rápidas y eficaces. El problema reside en que la mayoría de la población no sabe identificarla y tampoco sabe cómo actuar. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo fue analizar el conocimiento que los estudiantes de secundaria tienen sobre los primeros auxilios antes y después de una intervención educativa utilizando una estrategia tradicional (clase magistral) en comparación con una estrategia activa e innovadora (Role-Play). Se trata de un estudio cuantitavivo, con una muestra de 106 estudiantes de secundaria de 4 centros educativos de la provincia de Alicante. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron un cuestionario de conocimientos previos sobre primeros auxilios y un posterior test teórico-práctico sobre conocimientos específicos tratados en las sesiones. Los principales resultados muestran un incremento en los conocimientos, interés e importancia sobre la temática tratada en ambos grupos, con una diferencia significativa a favor del estilo innovador.
Palabras clave: Metodologías educativas; educación secundaria; estrategias educativas; salvamento y socorrismo.
Abstract. First aid is key to the survival of people. As we well know, an emergency situation requires quick and effective responses. The problem is that the majority of the population does not know how to identify it and does not know how to act either. The objective of our work was to analyze the knowledge that high school students have about first aid before and after an educational intervention using a traditional strategy (master class) compared to an innovative strategy (Role-Play). This is a quantitative study, with a sample of 106 secondary school students from 4 educational centers in the province of Alicante. The instruments used were a questionnaire on prior knowledge about first aid and a subsequent theoretical-practical test on specific knowledge dealt with in the sessions. The main results show an increase in knowledge, interest and importance on the subject matter in both groups, with a significant difference in favor of the innovative style.
Keywords: Educational methodologies; secondary education; educational strategies; lifesaving.
Chemical Engineering Numerical Analysis with R: Peng-Robinson Equation of State
Authors: Abubakar Abdulhalim Musa , Elshahhat Ahmed , Ndaba Simisani , Mobolaji Adegoke Taiwo , Thiagarajan Balasubramanian , Mansour E. M. 
Published: March 2023

Likely, many text on MATLAB, C++, FORTRAN and Python programming languages exist in chemical engineering libraries, discussing their applications for chemical engineering numerical analysis. R programming language, which has been in existence for more than 40 years is just evolving as a language of choice for data analytics in science and engineering. Here, it is shown that, numerical analysis with equations of state (EOS), especially the Peng-Robinson EOS, typically taught in undergraduate chemical engineering introductory courses can be solved with a developed or existing R source codes. Out of several other mathematical methods, including Fixed-point iteration, Regula-Falsi, Bisection and their modified/hybrid methods recently developed, only Secant and Newton’s method algorithm were followed to solve a sample problem by writing an R program. Although sufficient, in-depth study of the R language using some recommended manuals in this work can be a guide in implementing a solution with R for other numerical methods, for the same problem, as well as several other existing analytical and statistical chemical engineering problems out there.

Received: 16 January 2023 | Revised: 2 March 2023 | Accepted: 17 March 2023

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.
Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging in the grading
of liver fibrosis associated with congenital ductal plate malformations
Authors: Elhawary Mohammed , Elmansy Mostafa , Ali Khadiga , Abdallah Ebtesam , Razek Ahmed , Barakat Tarik , Sarhan Amr 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionLiver biopsy is still the standard method for the diagnosis of ductal plate malformations (DPM). However, it is an invasive tool. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has shown its accuracy in the diagnosis of this pathology. Herein, a study was conducted to elucidate the role of diffusion MRI parameters in predicting the degree of hepatic fibrosis.Material and methodsThis prospective study included 29 patients with DPM and 20 healthy controls. Both groups underwent diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI), and its parameters were compared between patients and controls, and then they were correlated with the degree of liver fibrosis in the patient group.ResultsAll patients with DPM, whatever its type, expressed a significantly lower hepatic apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) compared to controls. However, fractional anisotropy (FA) showed no significant difference between them. The ADC value of 1.65 × 10-3 mm2/s had sensitivity and specificity of 82.1% and 90%, respectively, in differentiating DPM patients from healthy controls. It was evident that patients with higher fibrosis grades had significantly lower hepatic ADC, indicating a negative correlation between ADC and the grade of hepatic fibrosis; rs = –0.901, p < 0.001.ConclusionsDT-MRI showed good efficacy in the diagnosis of congenital DPM. Moreover, ADC could be applied to monitor the degree of liver fibrosis rather than the invasive liver biopsy. No significant correlation was noted between the FA and the grades of liver fibrosis.
“Keep it simple – a lesson from COVID-19”: highlighting the utility of chest X-rays in ARDS-associated illnesses through the Zonal Scoring System
Authors: Menezes Anna Rachel , George Arun , Joseph Linda Ann , Saju Bimal , Kurian Athul Varghese 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionThe post-pandemic era calls for appropriate literature on chest X-ray score cut-offs, enabling swift categorization and faster radiological reporting of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)-like illnesses, hence prompting healthcare equity in low-resource centres where extortionate modalities of imaging such as computed tomography (CT) are unavailable. In this study, we aim to bridge the literature gap using the versatile zonal scoring system.Material and methodsThis retrospective cohort study uses data from 751 COVID-19 RT-PCR+ patients. Concordant chest radiograph (CXR) scores were reported, and inter-rater reliability was measured using kappa indices. receiver operating characteristic curves were used to establish cut-off scores for the outcomes of interest: mild or severe disease, admission to an intensive care unit (ICU), and intubation. Categorical data were expressed using means and percentages, and  or t-tests were used for comparison at an χ<sup>2</sup> level of 0.05. Unadjusted odds ratios for each outcome of interest vs. CXR score and comorbidity were then calculated using binary logistic regression.ResultsCXR findings included infiltrates (46.07%), pleural effusions (7.05%), consolidation and fibrosis (4.43%), pneumothoraces (2.71%), and cardiomegaly (2.26%). Most patients had an index CXR score of 0 (54.19%). The index cut-off score of ≤ 1 (82.95, 81.68) was established for mild disease, ≥ 4 for severe disease (85.71, 83.99), ≥ 3 for ICU admission (86.90, 71.91), and ≥ 4 for intubation (87.61, 72.90). Hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, history of ischaemic heart disease, and history of tuberculosis were independent risk factors for a high CXR index score, intubation, and ICU admission.ConclusionsCXR scores can be effectively used in low-resource settings for triaging patients, maintaining records, and disease prognostication.
The Relationship Between Levels of Sex Steroids and Coronary Collateral Circulation in Men Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Erdoğan Aslan , Çakmak Ender Özgün , Güler Ahmet , Kılıçgedik Alev , Kırma Cevat 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Coronary collateral circulation (CCC) is a natural bypass system for restoring blood flow, and a well-developed CCC is held to protect myocardial function and improve survival after coronary obstruction in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Sex steroids have been suggested as potentially hampering the course of CAD progression. We explored the relationship between the serum levels of sex steroids and CCC.
Patients and Methods: A total of 115 males with chronic coronary artery disease who had at least one total coronary artery occlusion were included. Patients were divided into two groups: a well CCC group (Rentrop grades 2-3, n= 64) and a poorly developed CCC group (Rentrop grades 0-1, n= 51). Serum levels of total testosterone, free testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) were recorded. A p-value below 0.05 was accepted as significant in all analyses. The confidence interval was accepted as 95%.
Results: Serum total testosterone (ng/dL; 274.5 ± 57.7 vs. 329 ± 64.8, p< 0.001), free testosterone (pg/mL; 8.2 ± 2.4 vs. 12 ± 3.2, p< 0.001), DHEAS [µg/dL; 111 (58) vs. 160 (85.5), p< 0.001] and SHBG concentrations (nmol/L; 29.3 ± 8.6 vs. 33.2 ± 10.2; p= 0.027) were significantly higher in the well coronary collateral group (WCG). According to the results of multiple regression analyses, diabetes [OR= 3.56, CI (1.26-3.5) p= 0.017], free testosterone level [OR= 1.57, CI (1.26-1.96), p< 0.001] and total testosterone level [OR= 1.01, CI (1.00-1.02), p= 0.009] were determined to be independent predictors.
Conclusion: This study showed that a high level of sex steroids was a predictor of good collateral development in patients with chronic CAD.