bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Cystic Fibrosis Learning Network: A mixed methods evaluation of program goals, attributes, and impact
Authors: Van Citters Aricca D. , Buus‐Frank Madge E. , King Joel R. , Seid Michael , Holthoff Megan M. , Amin Raouf S. , Britto Maria T. , Nelson Eugene C. , Marshall Bruce C. , Sabadosa Kathryn A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Foundation sponsored the design, pilot testing, and implementation of the CF Learning Network (CFLN) to explore how the Foundation's Care Center Network (CCN) could become a learning health system. Six years after the design, the Foundation commissioned a formative mixed methods evaluation of the CFLN to assess: CFLN participants' understanding of program goals, attributes, and perceptions of current and future impact.MethodsWe performed semi‐structured interviews with CFLN participants to identify perceived goals, attributes, and impact of the network. Following thematic analyses, we developed and distributed a survey to CFLN members and a matched sample of CCN programs to understand whether the themes were unique to the CFLN.ResultsInterviews with 24 CFLN participants were conducted. Interviewees identified the primary CFLN goal as improving outcomes for people living with CF, with secondary goals of providing training in quality improvement (QI), creating a learning community, engaging all stakeholders in improvement, and spreading best practices to the CCN. Project management, use of data, common QI methods, and the learning community were seen as critical to success. Survey responses were collected from 103 CFLN members and 25 CCN members. The data revealed that CFLN respondents were more likely than CCN respondents to connect with other CF programs, routinely use data for QI, and engage patient and family partners in QI.ConclusionsOur study suggests that the CFLN provides value beyond that achieved by the CCN. Key questions remain about whether spread of the CFLN could improve outcomes for more people living with CF.
Technical note: Evaluation of a spatial optimization model for prostate high dose‐rate brachytherapy in a clinical treatment planning system
Authors: Morén Björn , Bokrantz Rasmus , Dohlmar Frida , Andersson Björn , Setterquist Erik , Larsson Torbjörn , Tedgren Åsa Carlsson 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundSpatial properties of a dose distribution, such as volumes of contiguous hot spots, are of clinical importance in treatment planning for high dose‐rate brachytherapy (HDR BT). We have in an earlier study developed an optimization model that reduces the prevalence of contiguous hot spots by modifying a tentative treatment plan.PurposeThe aim of this study is to incorporate the correction of hot spots in a standard inverse planning workflow and to validate the integrated model in a clinical treatment planning system. The spatial function is included in the objective function for the inverse planning, as opposed to in the previous study where it was applied as a separate post‐processing step. Our aim is to demonstrate that fine‐adjustments of dose distributions, which are often performed manually in today's clinical practice, can be automated.MethodsA spatial optimization function was introduced in the treatment planning system RayStation (RaySearch Laboratories AB, Stockholm, Sweden) via a research interface. A series of 10 consecutive prostate patients treated with HDR BT was retrospectively replanned with and without the spatial function.ResultsOptimization with the spatial function decreased the volume of the largest contiguous hot spot by on average 31%, compared to if the function was not included. The volume receiving at least 200% of the prescription dose decreased by on average 11%. Target coverage, measured as the fractions of the clinical target volume (CTV) and the planning target volume (PTV) receiving at least the prescription dose, was virtually unchanged (less than a percent change for both metrics). Organs‐at‐risk received comparable or slightly decreased doses if the spatial function was included in the optimization model.ConclusionsOptimization of spatial properties such as the volume of contiguous hot spots can be integrated in a standard inverse planning workflow for brachytherapy, and need not be conducted as a separate post‐processing step.
Paternal obesity induces epigenetic aberrations and gene expression changes in placenta and fetus
Authors: Deshpande Sharvari S. S. , Bera Priyanka , Khambata Kushaan , Balasinor Nafisa H. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPaternal epigenome regulates placental and fetal growth. However, the effect of paternal obesity on placenta and its subsequent effect on the fetus via sperm remains unknown. We previously discovered abnormal methylation of imprinted genes involved in placental and fetal development in the spermatozoa of obese rats. In the present study, elaborate epigenetic characterization of sperm, placenta, and fetus was performed. For 16 weeks, male rats were fed either control or a high‐fat diet. Following mating studies, sperm, placenta, and fetal tissue were collected. Significant changes were observed in placental weights, morphology, and cell populations. Methylation status of imprinted genes—Igf2, Peg3, Cdkn1c, and Gnas in spermatozoa, correlated with their expression in the placenta and fetus. Placental DNA methylating enzymes and 5‐methylCytosine levels increased. Furthermore, in spermatozoa, DNA methylation of a few genes involved in pathways associated with placental endocrine function—gonadotropin‐releasing hormone, prolactin, estrogen, and vascular endothelial growth factor, correlated with their expression in placenta and fetus. Changes in histone‐modifying enzymes were also observed in the placenta. Histone marks H3K4me3, H3K9me3, and H4ac were downregulated, while H3K27me3 and H3ac were upregulated in placentas derived from obese male rats. This study shows that obesity‐related changes in sperm methylome translate into abnormal expression in the F1‐placenta fathered by the obese male, presumably affecting placental and fetal development.
A concept analysis of facilitating presence through guided reflection for transformative learning in nursing education
Authors: Froneman Kathleen , du Plessis Emmerentia , van Graan Anneke Catherina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to report an analysis of the novel concept, facilitating presence through guided reflection for transformative learning.DesignA concept analysis.MethodsSearch included keywords ‘presence’, ‘reflective practices’, ‘nursing education’ and ‘concept analysis’. 65 peer‐reviewed articles between 2000–2020 were included.ResultsThe final definition of the main concept is an interpersonal, co‐constructed, intersubjective and intentional process to accompany nursing students in deep, constructive learning to discover new meanings and perspectives through self‐inquiry and critical reflection on experiences. The nurse educator actively listens and intimately connect in the moment to create a safe environment. This leads to the nursing student's ability to learn to see what is important to the other and to respond by doing what can be done and/or by being who the other needs one to be.Patient ContributionThis concept will help to streamline the practice of presence ultimately enhancing the quality of patient care.
Implementing caregiver management measures in general hospitals to prevent the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Zhang Xiaoman , Wang Wei , Zhao Xiaojing , Cheng Haihui , Song Yang , Song Xinhong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimTo summarize the whole process management measures for caregivers of inpatients in a non‐new coronavirus pneumonia designated hospital in China during the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic. The implementation of these measures is mainly to prevent the virus pandemic caused by crowd gathering.DesignA quasi‐experimental study.MethodsNovel coronavirus pneumonia prevention and control measures were implemented in the ‘pre‐hospital link, hospitalization link and discharge link’ for the whole process of the hospitalized patients’ caregivers. To evaluate the effects by time point inspection, the results were fed back using information technology for quality improvement.ResultsThe results of three time point inspections indicated that the management quality of many projects improved continuously (p < 0.05). From January to June of 2021, 20 departments implemented a facial recognition information management system. The ratio of patients/caregivers admitted was 1:0.528~1:0.965; It was found that it is effective to implement the whole process management measures. The facial recognition system plays a key role in the comprehensive management of the caregivers.
Effectiveness and content components of nursing counselling interventions on self‐ and symptom management of patients in oncology rehabilitation—A systematic review
Authors: Witzig Brändli Verena , Lange Cordula , Kobleder Andrea , Kohler Myrta 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimTo synthesize the evidence on the effectiveness and content components of nurse‐led counselling interventions on the self‐and symptom management of patients in oncology rehabilitation.DesignA systematic reviewMethodsThe electronic databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and Grey Literature were searched for randomized controlled trials or quasi‐experimental trials. Following data extraction, a quality assessment was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist and the Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool. The findings were synthesized in narrative and tabular formats.ResultsSeven studies were included in the analysis. Two RCTs measured a statistically significant increase in self‐efficacy compared to the control group, and one quasi‐experimental study showed a statistically significant increase compared to the pre‐intervention period. Symptom anxiety was statistically significantly reduced in two RCTs and one quasi‐experimental trial. Self‐management similarities in the components of the interventions were seen as identifying patients' concerns, setting goals, developing action plans and evaluating the goals and giving patient‐tailored information.
Haematological nurses' experiences about palliative care trajectories of patients with life‐threatening haematological malignancies: A qualitative study
Authors: McPherson Siobhan , Mitchell Ann‐Kristin , Sletten Ida , Kvande Monica Evelyn , Steindal Simen Alexander 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimsTo explore haematological nurses' experiences about the palliative care trajectories of patients with life‐threatening haematological malignancies.DesignA qualitative study with a descriptive and explorative design.MethodsData were collected through 12 individual semi‐structured interviews of nurses who work with patients with haematological malignancies from four hospitals in Norway. The data were analysed using systematic text condensation. The study was reported according to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist.ResultsThree categories emerged from the data analysis: focus on a cure delays integration of palliative care, dialogue with patients facilitates palliative care and the need for enhanced interdisciplinary understanding.Patient or public contributionNo patient or public contribution since nurses' experiences were explored.
Building a macrosystems ecology framework to identify links between environmental and human health: A random forest modelling approach
Authors: Walls Felisha N. , McGarvey Daniel J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Anthropogenic activities that degrade natural ecosystems may also impact human health. However, research on the links between human and environmental health has most often been conducted at small scales (e.g. individual cities) and cannot easily be extrapolated to larger scales.

We created a macrosystems ecology framework to identify associations between human and environmental health by combining human mortality and socioeconomic data for the conterminous United States with spatially aligned data on the physicochemical characteristics of river basins.

Principal component analysis was first used to reduce a list of 596 environmental variables to a subset of 64 environmental covariates, representing six main environmental themes (climate, geology, hydrology, land use, river basin morphology and pollution). Independent, spatially aligned information was then obtained for 12 socioeconomic covariates.

Random forest modelling was used to predict age‐adjusted mortality rate as a function of the environmental and socioeconomic covariates. An independent data subset (random 75:25 model building vs. testing split) was also used for model validation. The coefficient of determination between predicted and observed mortality rates was 0.76 for the validation data. Furthermore, model residuals (predicted − observed mortality) were centered near zero and normally distributed (1 SD = 62.26), suggesting high model accuracy and precision.

Socioeconomic covariates were consistently the most influential predictors of mortality rate. Smoking, food insecurity, and lack of physical activity were particularly important. However, environmental covariates accounted for 5 of the 10 strongest predictors overall, with air temperature and precipitation being most influential among environmental variables.

This proof‐of‐concept study demonstrates the utility of a modelling framework that combines environmental and human health data at macroscales. We suggest that further application of macrosystems ecology tools will improve the capacity to anticipate human health responses to ongoing environmental change.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
MS/MS molecular networking‐guided in‐depth profiling of triterpenoid saponins from the fruit of Eleutherococcus senticosus and their neuroprotectivity evaluation
Authors: Zhou Yu , Ren Ying‐Shan , Li Xi‐Tao , Cai Meng‐Ting , Li Hui‐Lin , Ding Wen‐Luan , Wu Yu‐Hang , Guo Hai‐Biao , Tang Zhong‐Hua , Sun Fei , Chen A‐Li , Piao Xiu‐Hong , Wang Shu‐Mei , Ge Yue‐Wei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionEleutherococcus senticosus fruit (ESF) is a natural health supplement resource that has been extensively applied as a tonic for the nervous system. The structures and neural bioactivities of triterpenoid saponins (TS), which are the major constituents of ESF, have not been comprehensively analyzed thus far.ObjectiveWe conducted a complete in‐depth MS/MS molecular networking (MN)‐based targeted analysis of TS from the crude extract of ESF and investigated its neuroprotective value.MethodsAn MS/MS MN‐guided strategy was used to rapidly present a series of precursor ions (PIs) of TS in a compound cluster as TS‐targeted information used in the discovery and characterization of TS. In addition, a prepared TS‐rich fraction of ESF was assayed for its restraining effects on β‐amyloid‐induced inhibition of neurite outgrowth.ResultsA total of 87 TS were discovered using a PI tracking strategy, 28 of which were characterized as potentially undescribed structures according to their high‐resolution MS values. Furthermore, the TS‐rich fraction can significantly reduce β‐amyloid‐induced damage to neural networks by promoting the outgrowth of neurites and axons.ConclusionOur findings reveal the richness of TS in ESF and will accelerate their application in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Development of rigid polyurethane foam incorporating phase change material for a low‐temperature thermal energy storage application
Authors: Mahajan U. R. , Emmanuel I. , Rao A. Sreenivasa , Mhaske S. T. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPolyurethane (PU) foam is most commonly used in thermal insulation in cold storage applications but it lacks thermal energy storage characteristics. In the present work, a phase change material (PCM) n‐tetradecane is microencapsulated with poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐methacrylic acid) using oil‐in‐water emulsion polymerization followed by incorporation into the PU foam formulation to fabricate composite foam. The purpose of the study was to combine thermal insulation along with thermal energy storage characteristics into PU foam. The phase change enthalpy of PU foam was improved from 22.43 to 55.46 J g−1 by changing the microcapsule loading fraction from 10% to 30%. The composite PU foam exhibits good thermal reliability even after 100 thermal cycling tests. The morphological observation confirms a decrease in cell size while increasing the microcapsule content. It is found that microcapsule addition has no effect on the thermal stability of PU foam. A prototype has been fabricated and tested, showing an enhancement in the thermal energy storage capacity of PU composite foam. This performance makes this PU‐PCM system feasible for cold energy storage applications. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Preparation, polymerization and properties of an adamantyl‐based benzoxazine
Authors: Xia Yiqing , Liu Linze , Shi Rui , Hao Libo , Yan Shuai , Wang Lian , Gao Chen , Zhang Xuemei , Sheng Yuping 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA novel adamantyl‐based benzoxazine (AD‐Bz) was successfully synthesized with 1,3‐bis(4‐aniline)‐adamantane (AD) derived from 1‐adamantanol and acetanilide through the Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction. The chemical structure, curing behavior and curing kinetics of AD‐Bz were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy (1H NMR and 13C NMR) and DSC, respectively. The results indicated that the activation energies (Ea) of AD‐Bz were 106.3 kJ mol−1 (Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose method) and 109.5 kJ mol−1 (Ozawa method), which are significantly lower than that of the benzoxazine derived from salicylaldehyde and 4,4′‐diamine diphenylmethane (P‐ddm). Furthermore, the thermal properties, dielectric properties and flammability properties of poly(AD‐Bz) were explored with dynamic mechanical analysis, an Agilent impedance analyzer and TGA. It was found that poly(AD‐Bz) exhibited higher heat‐resistant properties (Tg = 253.4 °C), higher thermal stability (Td,10% = 401 °C) and lower dielectric constant (εr = 3.16, 10 MHz) compared with poly(P‐ddm), favoring its application as a candidate for interlayer materials in ultra‐large‐scale integrated circuit and aerospace materials. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Mechanism study on gliding arc (GA) plasma reforming: Unraveling the decisive role of CH4/CO2 ratio in the dry reforming reaction
Authors: Liu Jing‐Lin , Xue Zhuo‐Wen , Zhang Zhi‐Yuan , Sun Bing , Zhu Ai‐Min 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAiming at understanding the role of CH4/CO2 ratio on gliding arc (GA)‐based dry reforming of methane (GA‐DRM), the GA‐DRM at CH4/CO2 ratio range of 0.11 to 1 was studied with kinetics simulation. The radicals of H, OH, and CH3 are identified as the main reactive species to induce the reactant conversion and product formation in GA‐DRM. The increase of CH4/CO2 raises the concentrations of H and CH3 and reduces the OH concentration. Subsequently, the CH4/CO2 ratio regulates the main reaction routes of GA‐DRM. The dehydrogenation coupling reaction enhances with CH4/CO2 and thus raises the selectivities of C2 hydrocarbons. The OH‐induced reactions for OH to H2O weaken with CH4/CO2, thereby increasing the H2 selectivity.
Safeguarding sandalwood: A review of current and emerging tools to support sustainable and legal forestry
Authors: Bunney Ellyse , McInerney Francesca A. , Dormontt Eleanor , Malik Arif , Welti Nina , Wilkins David , Plant Malcolm , Hettiarachchi Dhanushka S. , Thomas Darren , Dowell Ashley , Hamalton Tresa , Lowe Andrew J. 
Published: December 2022

Societal Impact StatementSandalwood and other high value tree species are under significant threat from illegal harvest. Illegal logging is an increasing problem contributing to deforestation, biodiversity loss, human rights abuses and funding transnational crime. Successful prosecution of illegal logging is hindered by a lack of methods to provide evidence of the origin of timber. New analytical techniques have been developed to trace timber back to its source. These methods, together with the establishment of sustainable sources of forest resources, can help protect vulnerable species by providing evidence to prosecute illegal harvest and ensure that commercially available forest products come from sustainable sources.SummarySandalwood is highly valued for its fragrant oil and has a long history of cultural and economic importance in many regions of the world. Historical overharvest and poor management have depleted natural populations of sandalwood, which are slow to regenerate. The increasing establishment of plantation sandalwood creates an alternative resource for the sandalwood industry while potentially relieving harvesting pressure on natural stands. Due to the high demand for sandalwood, remaining wild populations are still under threat from illegal logging and methods to identify the source of harvested sandalwood are needed. Laws and regulations aimed at preventing illegal harvest and possession of sandalwood have been put in place but cannot be enforced without the forensic tools to independently verify claimed origin or product quality. The high value of sandalwood combined with the difficulties in enforcing illegal logging laws makes these species particularly vulnerable to poaching. There is an immediate need to develop tools that can identify illegally sourced and adulterated sandalwood products. This paper reviews the current and developing scientific tools that can help identify and control illegal activity in sandalwood supply chains and provides recommendations for future research. Topics include isotope and DNA analysis for tracing illegally harvested sandalwood, chemical profiling for quality control of sandalwood oils, network and policy development to establish a framework for future regulation of the sandalwood trade.
Magnetic Composite Lignin Colloids Prepared with a Convenient Patching Method for Generally Treating Heterogeneous Oily Wastewater
Authors: Bai Yating , Kong Yue , Yang Ming , Wang Xing , Sun Dayin , Zhou Jinghui 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe key to the efficient use of biomass resources is the rational design and preparation of lignin‐based fine chemicals. In this investigation, the colloidal self‐assembly structure formed by lignin in good solvents is used as the module, magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles are taken as the carrier, and magnetic composite lignin nanoparticles are prepared in batches by a rapid and convenient surficial grafting (patching) process. The varying amphiphilicity and wettability of lignin are influenced by the various types of wetting solvents. Its wetting behavior can be regulated to achieve oil–water separation in different adsorption or/and emulsification processes. This study provides a novel tool for industrial oil–water separation and, thus, general oily wastewater treatment.