bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two types of ultrafast mode-locking operations from an Er-doped fiber laser based on germanene nanosheets
Authors: Xu Baohao , Jin Zhiyuan , Shi Lie , Zhang Huanian , Liu Qi , Qin Peng , Jiang Kai , Wang Jing , Tang Wenjing , Xia Wei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAs a member of Xenes family, germanene has excellent nonlinear saturable absorption characteristics. In this work, we prepared germanene nanosheets by liquid phase exfoliation and measured their saturation intensity as 0.6 GW/cm2 with a modulation depth of 8%. Then, conventional solitons with a pulse width of 946 fs and high-energy noise-like pulses with a pulse width of 784 fs were obtained by using germanene nanosheet as a saturable absorber for a mode-locked Erbium-doped fiber laser. The characteristics of the two types of pulses were investigated experimentally. The results reveal that germanene has great potential for modulation devices in ultrafast lasers and can be used as a material for creation of excellent nonlinear optical devices to explore richer applications in ultrafast photonics.
Graphical Abstract
Improved oscillation criteria for second order quasilinear dynamic equations of noncanonical type
Authors: Grace Said R. , Chhatria G. N. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe present discussion is to study the following second order nonlinear delay dynamic equation of the form: $$\begin{aligned}{}[r(\theta )(\mathcal {W}^{\Delta }(\theta ))^{\alpha }]^{\Delta } +\mathcal {P}(\theta )\mathcal {W}^{\beta }(\eta (\theta ))=0,\;\theta \in \mathbb {T}_{0}=[\theta _{0},\infty )\cap \mathbb {T} \end{aligned}$$

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Advanced direct extrusion process with real-time controllable extrusion parameters for microstructure optimization of magnesium alloys
Authors: Azpiazu Leire Elorza , Egea Aritz , Letzig Dietmar , Ha Changwan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe extrusion speed and deformation temperature are important factors affecting the microstructure development during the deformation. Microstructure development plays a crucial role in the performance of the mechanical properties of materials. In direct extrusion, the homogeneous evolution of the microstructure in the length of the extruded bar could be affected due to its non-isothermal exit temperature evolution. Thus, a new set-up is suggested with real-time controllable speed and temperature to characterize the influence of temperature on the microstructure and obtain its homogeneous development for the magnesium alloy. During the extrusion, the temperature of the extruded bar is evaluated by using the infra-red camera, and the extrusion speed is simultaneously controlled in real-time depending on the temperature difference between a set temperature reference and the one obtained from the infra-red camera. This suggested set-up of extrusion is evaluated in terms of the microstructure and temperature evolution of the extruded bar.
The Predictive Role of the Posterior Cerebellum in the Processing of Dynamic Emotions
Authors: Malatesta Gianluca , D’Anselmo Anita , Prete Giulia , Lucafò Chiara , Faieta Letizia , Tommasi Luca 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRecent studies have bolstered the important role of the cerebellum in high-level socio-affective functions. In particular, neuroscientific evidence shows that the posterior cerebellum is involved in social cognition and emotion processing, presumably through its involvement in temporal processing and in predicting the outcomes of social sequences. We used cerebellar transcranial random noise stimulation (ctRNS) targeting the posterior cerebellum to affect the performance of 32 healthy participants during an emotion discrimination task, including both static and dynamic facial expressions (i.e., transitioning from a static neutral image to a happy/sad emotion). ctRNS, compared to the sham condition, significantly reduced the participants’ accuracy to discriminate static sad facial expressions, but it increased participants’ accuracy to discriminate dynamic sad facial expressions. No effects emerged with happy faces. These findings may suggest the existence of two different circuits in the posterior cerebellum for the processing of negative emotional stimuli: a first-time-independent mechanism which can be selectively disrupted by ctRNS, and a second time-dependent mechanism of predictive "sequence detection" which can be selectively enhanced by ctRNS. This latter mechanism might be included among the cerebellar operational models constantly engaged in the rapid adjustment of social predictions based on dynamic behavioral information inherent to others’ actions. We speculate that it might be one of the basic principles underlying the understanding of other individuals’ social and emotional behaviors during interactions.
Analysis of Human Co-exposure to Lead and Cadmium Using Human Biomonitoring (HBM) Data in a Bayesian Copula-Based Regression Framework
Authors: Sy Moustapha , Conrad André , Jung Christian , Lindtner Oliver , Greiner Matthias 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe identification of human co-exposure to industrial chemicals or environmental substances is of high interest in human health risk assessment. Due to their ubiquity and persistence in the environment, heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are of particular concern. Approaches to adequately investigating combinations of these and other often highly correlated variables are lacking. This study proposes a modeling approach to investigate the co-exposure to Cd and Pb, and better understanding the variations of blood Cd and Pb (CdB and PbB, respectively) together with potentially determinant factors. A copula-based regression model was built, using Bayesian inference and Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation, to relate CdB and PbB of 3- to 14-year-old children participating in the German Environmental Survey for Children (GerES IV) with socio-demographic and ancillary exposure-relevant information. A minor to negligible dependence between CdB and PbB was observed, suggesting that Cd and Pb are subject to differing exposure sources/pathways or kinetics within human body. Despite the resulting low association between CdB and PbB, the developed approach provides methodological bases for enhancing the assessment of the cumulative exposure to multiple substances and for deepening the understanding of the determinants of these exposures.
Graphical Abstract
Use-wear analysis applied in a dissected palimpsest at the Middle Palaeolithic site of El Salt (eastern Iberia): working with lithic tools in a narrow timescale
Authors: Bencomo Mariel , Mayor Alejandro , Sossa-Ríos Santiago , Jardón Paula , Galván Bertila , Mallol Carolina , Hernández Cristo M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUse-wear analyses are very useful to increase knowledge about the economic and subsistence dynamics carried out by Neanderthals. In general terms, functional results traditionally came from the analysis of tools belonging to stratigraphic units whose timescale refers to geological time. This is due to the fact that many Neanderthal sites are palimpsests of reiterated occupations over time, which must be dissected to approach us to human timescale. In the stratigraphic unit xa of El Salt (Alcoi, eastern Iberia), high temporal resolution archaeostratigraphic studies have been carried out. Diachronic material assemblages have been identified, allowing us to analyse more precisely the variability of Neanderthal behaviour over time. Amongst these assemblages, three have been selected (i.e. 5.3.1, 5.3.2 and 5.3.3) in order to analyse the lithic material functionality. The results obtained bring out the performance of different tasks within each analytical framework: woodworking in 5.3.1, woodworking and animal processing in 5.3.2, and butchering activity in 5.3.3. These results reflect the existence of a series of diachronic tasks carried out in overlapping activity areas. In this way, this work evidences flint use variability in a specific area of the site across time that could have been recognised only by means of high temporal resolution analytical frameworks.
Ambient vibrations-supported seismic assessment of the Saint Lawrence Cathedral’s bell tower in Genoa, Italy
Authors: Degli Abbati Stefania , Sivori Daniele , Cattari Serena , Lagomarsino Sergio 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPost-earthquake damage surveys systematically highlight the seismic vulnerability of monumental structures, calling for simple assessment procedures to address the design of effective retrofitting interventions. The structural complexity characterizing monumental structures, however, makes a reliable prediction of their seismic response a relevant challenge of engineering interest. Ambient vibration tests (AVTs) provide valuable support to achieve such a task, improving the knowledge of the actual dynamic behavior of the structure and, consequently, the reliability of the seismic assessment. In this context, the paper illustrates the integration of AVTs outcomes with the evaluation of the seismic performance of historic masonry structures by presenting the comprehensive application to a case study, the bell tower of the Saint Lawrence’s Cathedral in Genoa, Italy. The research combines the assessment of the global seismic response of the tower, investigated through a simplified mechanical model, with the local verification of the pinnacles placed at its top, referring to a displacement-based approach on a macro-block model. An extensive ambient vibrations measurement campaign carried out in May 2020 allowed for a comprehensive operational identification of the bell tower and its pinnacles, clarifying the ongoing dynamic interaction with the main body of the church. This valuable information was successfully employed, first, to accurately reproduce the actual constraint conditions induced by the church on the bell tower, a determining factor in the modeling of its global seismic response and, second, to reliably quantify the seismic amplification caused by the tower filtering effect to be used as the seismic input for the local verification of the pinnacles.
Biomedical Ethical Aspects Towards the Implementation of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Education
Authors: Busch Felix , Adams Lisa C. , Bressem Keno K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine is associated with new ethical challenges and responsibilities. However, special considerations and concerns should be addressed when integrating AI applications into medical education, where healthcare, AI, and education ethics collide. This commentary explores the biomedical ethical responsibilities of medical institutions in incorporating AI applications into medical education by identifying potential concerns and limitations, with the goal of implementing applicable recommendations. The recommendations presented are intended to assist in developing institutional guidelines for the ethical use of AI for medical educators and students.
Tailoring Food Biopolymers into Biogels for Regenerative Wound Healing and Versatile Skin Bioelectronics
Authors: Zeng Qiankun , Peng Qiwen , Wang Fangbing , Shi Guoyue , Haick Hossam , Zhang Min 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAn increasing utilization of wound-related therapeutic materials and skin bioelectronics urges the development of multifunctional biogels for personal therapy and health management. Nevertheless, conventional dressings and skin bioelectronics with single function, mechanical mismatches, and impracticality severely limit their widespread applications in clinical. Herein, we explore a gelling mechanism, fabrication method, and functionalization for broadly applicable food biopolymers-based biogels that unite the challenging needs of elastic yet injectable wound dressing and skin bioelectronics in a single system. We combine our biogels with functional nanomaterials, such as cuttlefish ink nanoparticles and silver nanowires, to endow the biogels with reactive oxygen species scavenging capacity and electrical conductivity, and finally realized the improvement in diabetic wound microenvironment and the monitoring of electrophysiological signals on skin. This line of research work sheds light on preparing food biopolymers-based biogels with multifunctional integration of wound treatment and smart medical treatment.
Analysis of Track Bending Stiffness and Loading Distribution Effect in Rail Support by Application of Bending Reinforcement Methods
Authors: Nabochenko Olga , Sysyn Mykola , Gerber Ulf , Krumnow Norman 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRailway track is a linearly inhomogeneous object that consists of geometrical and elastic discontinuities such as bridges, transition zones, rail joints and crossings. The zones are subjected to the development of local instabilities due to quicker deterioration than the other tracks. Until now, there have been no efficient approaches that could fully exclude the problem of accelerated differential settlements in the problem zones. Many structural countermeasures are directed at controlling the sleeper/ballast loading with the help of fastenings/under-sleeper pad elasticities, sleeper forms and additional bending stiffness reinforcements. However, the efficiency of the methods is difficult to compare. The current paper presents a systematic approach in which the loading distribution effect in the rail support by application of two bending reinforcement methods is compared: auxiliary rail and under-sleeper beam. The study considers only the static effects to reach a clear understanding the influence of the main factors. The track equivalent bending stiffness criterion is proposed for comparing reinforcement solutions. The analysis shows that the activation of the bending stiffness of the reinforcement beams depends on the relative ratio of the rail fastenings stiffness and track support stiffness under sleepers (or under the under-sleeper beam). The comparison demonstrates that conventional auxiliary rail reinforcement solutions are ineffective due to their weak bending because of the high elasticity of fastening clips and the main rail fastenings. The share of an auxiliary rail is maximally 20% in the track bending stiffness and cannot be significantly improved by additional rails. The under-sleeper beam-based reinforcement solutions show noticeably higher efficiency. The highest effect can be achieved by the activation of the horizontal shear interaction between the under-sleeper beam and the rail. The additional track bending stiffness of the under-sleeper-based solutions is about 3.5 times more of the rail one and could be potentially increased to 6–10 times.
Real-Time Humidity Monitoring Using Distributed Optical Sensor for Water Asset Condition Assessment
Authors: Chow Christopher W. K. , Rameezdeen Raufdeen , Chen George Y. , Xu Haolan , Rahman Md Mizanur , Ma Xing , Zhuge Yan , Gorjian Nima , Gao Jing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIt is well accepted that moisture ingress in concrete reduces durability and life span of water assets. Condition assessment is an important tool to inform decision for maintenance, retrofit or replacement. However, the most significant challenge is to obtain accurate condition information, particularly when the inspection points are physically difficult to access or inaccessible. Therefore, a reliable and cost-effective monitoring (sensor) system, preferably real-time with ability to streaming online, would be a useful management tool, particularly for water utilities. This paper describes an approach to develop a distributed optical fibre humidly sensor for condition assessment and environmental monitoring both inside and outside of infrastructures, such as inside the concrete and surrounding soil. A new polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) coating with higher sensitive was evaluated for relative humidity measurement in soil and concrete, respectively. In this study, two simulated conditions, in concrete and soil, were conducted to evaluate the sensing concept with the development of appropriate measuring methodologies including fibre installation and protection. The optical fibre sensor setup in laboratory environment showed that optical sensor can detect and indicate voltage change with the variation of moisture contents in both soil and concrete. The test results indicate a good correlation between high levels of relative humidity/moisture and transmitted optical power. A simple relative humidity (RH) calibration can be used to convert signal to RH in percentage for soil and concrete measurements and the procedure used to imbed the fibre in both samples is effective. Nevertheless, the sensor measures soil humidity (not moisture content); therefore, further investigation is required to identify the consequence for the variation of the measured parameter.
Bibo the Moving Cup for People Affected by Dementia: Design, Ethical Considerations, and First Observations in Use
Authors: Kollakidou Avgi , Lefeuvre Kevin , Zarp-Falden Christian Sønderskov , Malbois Elodie , Bodenhagen Leon , Krüger Norbert , Hornecker Eva 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe present the concept and technical realisation for a cup that moves and lights up to bring itself to the attention of a person to trigger him/her taking a sip as a response. We then reflect on different ethical dimensions connected to the application of the cup in the context of people affected by dementia and describe first tests performed in elderly care homes. The concept is aimed at people with dementia in home or resident care who still have the ability to act, but tend to mentally drift away and thus require external impulses and triggers to drink. We found out that a substantial part of the residents fulfil these conditions. The cup moves and lights up in regular intervals if it has not been picked up recently. Once it is emptied, it alerts a caregiver to refill. Moreover, the degree or level of movement and light can be configured, depending on the person’s needs and reactions. This paper describes the core idea and the technical aspects of building the prototype. Finally, primary tests were conducted with the aim to construct a protocol and structure for an extended quantitative study.
Identifying Application Areas for Machine Learning in the Retail Sector
Authors: Brackmann Clemens , Hütsch Marek , Wulfert Tobias 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMachine learning (ML) has the potential to take on a variety of routine and non-routine tasks in brick-and-mortar retail and e-commerce. Many tasks previously executed manually are amenable to computerization using ML. Although procedure models for the introduction of ML across industries exist, the tasks for which ML can be implemented in retail need to be determined. To identify these application areas, we followed a dual approach. First, we conducted a structured literature review of 225 research papers to identify possible ML application areas in retail, as well as develop the structure of a well-established information systems architecture. Second, we triangulated these preliminary application areas with the analysis of eight expert interviews. In total, we identified 21 application areas for ML in online and offline retail; these application areas mainly address decision-oriented and economic-operative tasks. We organized the application areas in a framework for practitioners and researchers to determine appropriate ML use in retail. As our interviewees provided information at the process level, we also explored the application of ML in two exemplary retail processes. Our analysis further reveals that, while ML applications in offline retail focus on the retail articles, in e-commerce the customer is central to the application areas of ML.
Red hair and pain sensitivity: insights into genomics of pain?
Authors: Williams Hannah R. , Pandit Jaideep J. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To present a review of insights gained from investigating the question as to whether red haired individuals have altered sensitivity to pain.

Methods
A narrative review of the literature.

Results
Anecdotal observations from anaesthesiologists have suggested that individuals with red hair require more analgesia on average than members of the general population. This observation has been confirmed and the redheaded phenotype is associated with an altered sensitivity to pain across a wide range of different pain types. Through the use of mouse models, a central mechanism for this altered pain sensitivity has been proposed involving both the melanocortin and opioid receptor systems, despite the causative mutation for this phenotype occurring in melanocortin 1 receptors (MC1Rs) on peripheral melanocytes.

Conclusions
Understanding the endocrine imbalance caused by this loss of function mutation helps us to further explore the mechanisms behind pain sensitivity. It also facilitates a discussion about how pharmacogenomics can be exploited to personalise and subsequently optimise treatment.

Graphical Abstract
Oil discoveries and political windfalls: evidence on presidential support in Uganda
Authors: Paler Laura , Springman Jeremy , Grossman Guy , Pierskalla Jan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOil discoveries, paired with delays in production, have created a new phenomenon: sustained post-discovery, pre-production periods. While research on the resource curse has debated the effects of oil on governance and conflict, less is known about the political effects of oil discoveries absent production. Using comprehensive electoral data from Uganda and a difference-in-differences design with heterogeneous effects, we show that oil discoveries increased electoral support for the incumbent chief executive in localities proximate to discoveries, even prior to production. Moreover, the biggest effects occurred in localities that were historically most electorally competitive. Overall, we show that the political effects of oil discoveries vary subnationally depending on local political context and prior to production, with important implications for understanding the roots of the political and conflict curses.