bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oscillatory correlates of threat imminence during virtual navigation
Authors: Karpov Galit , Lin Mei-Heng , Headley Drew B. , Baker Travis E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Predator Imminence Theory proposes that defensive behaviors depend on the proximity of a threat. While the neural mechanisms underlying this proposal have been well studied in animal models, it remains poorly understood in humans. To address this issue, we recorded EEG from twenty-four (15 female) young adults engaged in a first-person virtual reality Risk-Reward Interaction task. On each trial, participants were placed in a virtual room and then presented with either a threat or reward conditioned stimulus (CS) in the same room location (proximal) or different room location (distal). At a behavioral level, all participants learned to avoid the threat-CS, with most using the optimal behavior to actively avoid the proximal threat-CS (88% accuracy) and passively avoid the distal threat-CS (69% accuracy). By contrast, participants learned to actively approach the distal reward-CS (82% accuracy) and to remain still (passive) to the proximal reward-CS (72% accuracy). At an electrophysiological level, we observed a general increase in theta power (4-8 Hz) over right posterior channel P8 across all CS conditions, with the proximal threat-CS evoking the largest theta response. By contrast, distal CS cues induced two bursts of gamma (30-60 Hz) power over midline-parietal channel Pz (approx. 200 msec post-cue) and right frontal channel Fp2 (approx. 300 msec post-cue). Interestingly, while both bursts were sensitive to distal-CS cues, the first burst of gamma power was sensitive to the distal threat-CS requiring a passive response, and the second burst at channel Fp2 was sensitive to the distal reward-CS requiring an active response. Together, these findings demonstrate that oscillatory processes differentiate between the spatial proximity information during threat and reward encoding, likely optimizing the selection of the appropriate behavioral response.
Enhancement of neurophysiological signatures of working memory by combined yoga and tDCS
Authors: Sefat Omid , Salehinejad Mohammad Ali , Danilewitz Marlon , Shalbaf Reza , Vila-Rodriguez Fidel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technology that can modulate cortical excitability. Similarly, yoga has been found to influence neuronal activity and cognition. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of combined yoga and tDCS on event-related potential (ERP) components during an N-Back working memory task. In a randomized, double-blind, cross-over design study, 22 healthy participants underwent a yoga/active tDCS session (2mA; 20min; anode on F3, cathode on F4) or a yoga/sham tDCS session on two different days. During the N-Back task, ERP components were obtained before and after each intervention. Results show that active tDCS plus yoga was associated with significant changes in the amplitude of the P200 component for the 2-Back in Fz and F3 channels and P300 for 3-Back in F3 and Pz electrodes. These results suggest that combining behavioral and electrical neuromodulation techniques may have the potential to enhance cognition and neurophysiological effects.
A high-resolution cryo-EM structure of a bacterial M-protein reveals a compact structure that diverges from related M-proteins
Authors: Readnour Bradley M. , Tjia-Fleck Sheiny , McCann Nathan R. , Ayinuola Yetunde A. , Castellino Francis J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe surface ofStreptococcus pyogenes(GAS) is studded with virulence determinants, with the most abundant being the characteristic M-protein used to serotype various strains of the bacterium. There are >250 strains of GAS serotypically distinguished by their M-proteins. Major pathogenic mechanisms of GAS require that this microorganism hijacks host components for survival, many of which are involved in hemostasis. One of these processes involves the binding of human host plasminogen (hPg) to an abundant GAS M-protein receptor (PAM). When bound to PAM, hPg is readily activated to the serine protease plasmin (hPm) by bacterial and host hPg activators, and cell-bound hPm is protected from inactivation by its natural inhibitors. This stabilizes a potent protease on GAS cells which aids in their survival and dissemination. Highly evolutionary domain-related M-proteins are assumed to form long alpha-helical projections, without tertiary structure, although no M-protein complete structure has been determined. Here, we employed cryogenic electron microscopy to solve such a structure anchored to a lentivirus particle membrane. Contrary to the belief in this field that M-proteins are extended long tropomyosin-like coils, we show that PAM folds through intra- and inter-domain interactions to a much more globular form on the cell surface. The nature of the folding and the many interactions involved in forming the PAM tertiary structure are summarized herein.SignificanceWe provide a unique approach to solve high-resolution structures ofStreptococcus pyogenes(GAS) M-proteins, abundant virulence determinants on the GAS surface. Because of their unusual nature, no full high-resolution structure of any M-protein has been determined, especially when membrane-bound. Herein, we provide a unique general methodology for solving these structures by engineering a M-protein to be anchored to a lentivirus particle membrane for effective use in cryo-EM. Using this approach, we provide the first structure of a complete bacterial M-protein and show, that this M-protein is a monomeric globular structure on the cell surface, and not a dimeric coiled-coil, as generally believed. Thus, individual M-proteins may adopt structures that have evolved to accommodate their major host binding partner.
An Evaluation of Representational Similarity Analysis for Model Selection and Assessment in Computational Neuroscience
Authors: Chen Luke 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAn important goal in neuroscience is to determine what types of information are represented across brain regions. Often, a computational model is used to extract stimulus features that are hypothesized to be represented within a particular brain region. Any particular study tries to assess the relationship between the features extracted by the computational model and the measured activity from a brain region. In recent years, several approaches to studying this relationship have been developed in the field of cognitive neuroscience. A simple and widely used approach is representational similarity analysis (RSA). This approach attempts to quantify similarities between the representational space of a computational model and a set of brain responses. RSA begins with an estimate of the stimulus-by-stimulus representational similarity (or dissimilarity) matrix computed from a set of stimulus-evoked brain responses. Then, a stimulus-by-stimulus representational similarity matrix is obtained from a computational model. RSA computes the similarity of these similarity matrices. However, there exists little work assessing the validity of RSA. In this paper, we show that RSA actually makes very strong assumptions about the relationship between representational spaces and brain responses. When these assumptions are violated, RSA can fail to detect significant relationships. More worryingly, when used for model selection RSA can lead researchers to the wrong answer. In contrast, we show that standard encoding models that use regression methods perform better than RSA.
A connection between the ribosome and twoS. pombetRNA modification mutants subject to rapid tRNA decay
Authors: De Zoysa Thareendra , Hauke Alayna C. , Iyer Nivedita R. , Marcus Erin , Ostrowski Sarah M. , Fay Justin C. , Phizicky Eric M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstracttRNA modifications are crucial in all organisms to ensure tRNA folding and stability, and accurate translation in the ribosome. In both the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiaeand the evolutionarily distant yeastSchizosaccharomyces pombe, mutants lacking certain tRNA body modifications (outside the anticodon loop) are temperature sensitive due to rapid tRNA decay (RTD) of a subset of hypomodified tRNAs. Here we show that for each of twoS. pombemutants subject to RTD, mutations in ribosomal protein genes suppress the temperature sensitivity without altering tRNA levels. Prior work showed thatS.pombe trm8Δmutants, lacking 7-methylguanosine, were temperature sensitive due to RTD and that one class of suppressors had mutations in the general amino acid control (GAAC) pathway, which was activated concomitant with RTD, resulting in further tRNA loss. We now find that another class ofS. pombe trm8Δsuppressors have mutations inrplgenes, encoding 60S subunit proteins, and that suppression occurs with minimal restoration of tRNA levels and reduced GAAC activation. Furthermore,trm8Δsuppression extends to other mutations in the large or small ribosomal subunit. We also find thatS. pombe tan1Δmutants, lacking 4-acetylcytidine, are temperature sensitive due to RTD, that one class of suppressors haverplmutations, associated with minimal restoration of tRNA levels, and that suppression extends to otherrplandrpsmutations. However, althoughS. pombe tan1Δtemperature sensitivity is associated with some GAAC activation, suppression by anrplmutation does not significantly inhibit GAAC activation. These results suggest that ribosomal protein mutations suppress the temperature sensitivity ofS. pombe trm8Δ andtan1Δ mutants due to reduced ribosome concentrations, leading to both a reduced requirement for tRNA, and reduced ribosome collisions and GAAC activation. Results withS. cerevisiae trm8Δ trm4Δmutants are consistent with this model, and fuel speculation that similar results will apply across eukaryotes.
A Computational Account of Real-World Attentional Allocation Based on Visual Gain Fields
Authors: Harrison William J , Stead Imogen , Wallis Thomas SA , Bex Peter J , Mattingley Jason B 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCoordination of goal-directed behaviour depends on the brain’s ability to recover the locations of relevant objects in the world. In humans, the visual system encodes the spatial organisation of sensory inputs, but neurons in early visual areas map objects according to their retinal positions, rather than where they are in the world. How the brain computes world-referenced spatial information across eye movements has been widely researched and debated. Here we tested whether shifts of covert attention are sufficiently precise in space and time to track an object’s real-world location across eye movements. We found that observers’ attentional selectivity is remarkably precise, and is barely perturbed by the execution of saccades. Inspired by recent neurophysiological discoveries, we developed an observer model that rapidly estimates the real-world locations of objects and allocates attention within this reference frame. The model recapitulates the human data and provides a parsimonious explanation for previously reported phenomena in which observers allocate attention to task-irrelevant locations across eye movements. Our findings reveal that visual attention operates in real-world coordinates, which can be computed rapidly at the earliest stages of cortical processing.
Dynamics of diversified A-to-I editing inStreptococcus pyogenesis governed by changes in mRNA stability
Authors: Wulff Thomas F. , Hahnke Karin , Lécrivain Anne-Laure , Schmidt Katja , Ahmed-Begrich Rina , Finstermeier Knut , Charpentier Emmanuelle 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTAdenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing plays an important role in the post-transcriptional regulation of eukaryotic cell physiology. However, our understanding of the occurrence, function and regulation of A-to-I editing in bacteria remains limited. Bacterial mRNA editing is catalysed by the deaminase TadA, which was originally described to modify a single tRNA inE. coli. Intriguingly, several bacterial species appear to perform A-to-I editing on more than one tRNA. Here, we provide evidence that in the human pathogenStreptococcus pyogenes, tRNA editing has expanded to an additional tRNA substrate. Using RNA sequencing, we identified more than 27 editing sites in the transcriptome ofS. pyogenesSF370 and demonstrate that the adaptation ofS. pyogenesTadA to a second tRNA substrate has also diversified the sequence context and recoding scope of mRNA editing. Based on the observation that editing is dynamically regulated in response to several infection-relevant stimuli, such as oxidative stress, we further investigated the underlying determinants of editing dynamics and identified mRNA stability as a key modulator of A-to-I editing. Overall, our findings reveal the presence and diversification of A-to-I editing inS. pyogenesand provide novel insights into the plasticity of the editome and its regulation in bacteria.GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Social media adoption by women entrepreneurial small businesses
Authors: Alhakimi Wail , Albashiri Sumaya 
Published: September 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the factors related to the adoption of social media by women entrepreneurial small businesses (ESBs).

Design/methodology/approach
Using a structured survey instrument, this study gathered data from 101 women entrepreneurs in Yemen. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data.

Findings
The results confirm that social media has been widely applied by women ESBs in Yemen and has made a significant contribution to different business strategies and processes, mainly marketing, promotion and communication. Social media adoption is linked mainly with nontechnical obstacles and challenges, in specific, those “soft” factors such as management attitude, as well as “hard” technical obstacles and challenges involving cost and other practical aspects regarding social media nature.

Practical implications
This study contributes to the increase in awareness of the impact of social media among female ESB owners. A greater understanding of the impact of social media will eventually lead to better use of the tool to increase performance.

Originality/value
This study highlights the perceived benefits and challenges that give Yemeni female business owners strong decision-making power in their businesses. This study provides insight into the numerous drivers that affect owners/managers’ decisions to adopt and continuously use social media in the future.
Perceived job insecurity climate in uncertain times: implications for work-related health among leaders versus non-leaders
Authors: Glambek Mats , Arnestad Mads Nordmo , Matthiesen Stig Berge 
Published: September 2023

PurposePrevious studies have demonstrated that perceived job insecurity climate denotes an individual-level stressor. The present study reiterated this notion and investigated whether leadership responsibility moderated the association between perceived job insecurity climate and work-related strain about one year into the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.Design/methodology/approachA sample of full-time workers (N = 1,399) in the USA was recruited, comprising 663 leaders and 763 non-leaders. Employing a cross-sectional design, the authors hypothesized that perceived job insecurity climate would be associated with work-related strain (i.e. burnout, absenteeism and presenteeism) and that these associations were stronger for employees with leadership responsibilities compared to non-leaders.FindingsFindings revealed main effects of perceived job insecurity climate on burnout but not on absenteeism or presenteeism. Furthermore, leadership responsibility moderated the associations between perceived job insecurity climate and two out of three burnout measures in the hypothesized direction. The findings also revealed interaction effects regarding absenteeism and presenteeism, indicating that these associations are only positive and significant for employees with leadership responsibilities.Practical implicationsPerceptions of widespread job insecurity engender strain among leaders while simultaneously implying a heightened need for effective leadership. Organizations and practitioners should take the present findings into consideration when implementing preventive and restorative measures to address leaders' health and organizational competitiveness when job insecurity increases.Originality/valueThis study found that, as an individual stressor, perceived job insecurity climate is more detrimental to employees with leadership responsibility than to non-leaders.
Social media marketing for luxury brands: parasocial interactions and empowerment for enhanced loyalty and willingness to pay a premium
Authors: Zha Tao , Aw Eugene Cheng-Xi , Dastane Omkar , Fernando Angeline Gautami 
Published: September 2023

PurposeThis research aims to unravel the intricate relationship between luxury brands' social media marketing strategies (i.e. communication and engagement) and their impact on consumers' willingness to pay a premium and brand loyalty.Design/methodology/approachA large online consumer panel was used to conduct an online survey of 381 consumers. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was adopted for hypothesis testing.FindingsThe study's outcomes indicated that (1) perceived interactivity and perceived openness positively influence social media brand communication, (2) social media brand communication and engagement are positive determinants for consumer empowerment and parasocial interactions, (3) consumer empowerment and parasocial interactions positively influence willingness to pay a premium and (4) parasocial interactions (but not consumer empowerment) positively influence brand loyalty.Research limitations/implicationsThe study offers significant theoretical implications by unraveling the mechanism of social media marketing for luxury brands, which is under-researched in the current literature. More specifically, the study reveals the process of how social media brand communication and engagement reinforce luxury brand outcomes through parasocial interactions and consumer empowerment. In addition, the study provides empirical evidence to delineate the role of interactivity and openness in enhancing social media brand communication. Moreover, the study extends past research that emphasized initial adoption outcomes such as attitude and purchase intention by probing luxury brand loyalty and willingness to pay a premium.Practical implicationsBy effectively strategizing social media marketing, luxury brand marketers can promote brand loyalty and willingness to pay a premium. Luxury brand marketers should concentrate on establishing parasocial interaction with consumers by designing optimal social media brand communication and engagement. To this end, luxury brand marketers should consider integrating the elements of interactivity and openness in their communication with consumers.Originality/valueThe study offers valuable insights for luxury brand marketers aiming to capitalize on the potential of social media marketing to enhance their revenue generation and customer retention. The study advances past luxury branding research by validating the role of consumer empowerment and parasocial interactions in luxury brands' social media marketing.
Police officers' perception of community support for policing: implications for well-being
Authors: Keaton Jacquelyn , Black Kristen Jennings , Houdmont Jonathan , Beck Emma , Roddy David , Chambers Johnathon , Moon Sabrina 
Published: September 2023

PurposeCommunity-police relations have gained increasing public attention during the past decade. The purpose of the present study was to better understand the relationship between perceived community support and police officer burnout and engagement.Design/methodology/approachData were gathered via online survey from 117 officers from a city police department in the Southeastern United States.FindingsCommunity support was negatively correlated with burnout and positively correlated with engagement. Moreover, multiple regression analyses showed that community support explained significant incremental variance in most dimensions of burnout and engagement, above and beyond demographic factors and community stressors. Qualitative results showed that police officers had mixed perceptions of how they were viewed by the general public, with more negative than positive responses. However, officers felt more positively perceived in their own communities, but concerns were raised that national events affected the perceptions of officers even in positive relationships with their communities. Finally, officers felt that public perceptions impacted their job satisfaction, job performance and personal lives.Practical implicationsThe results have practical implications for how to encourage positive interactions between officers and their community, with recommendations for both law enforcement leaders and civilians.Originality/valueThis study is one of the few that highlights the officers' perspective on how public perceptions affect their work. This is important in understanding how to maximize quality community interactions while minimizing conditions that would increase burnout.
The nexus between herding behavior and spillover: evidence from G7 and BRICS
Authors: Gouta Sarra , BenMabrouk Houda 
Published: September 2023

PurposeThis study aims at exploring the nexus between herding behavior and the spillover effect in G7 and BRICS stock markets.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used the dynamic connectedness approach TVP-VAR model of Antonakakis et al. (2019) to capture the spillovers across different markets. Moreover, to explore herding behavior, the authors used a modified version of the CSAD measure of Chang et al. (2000) including extreme market movements. Finally, to study the link between these two phenomena, the authors estimated a DCC-GARCH model.FindingsThe results show that herding behavior exists in the American market and some BRICS markets. Furthermore, spillover between G7 and BRICS increases in times of crisis. Moreover, the authors find a dynamic conditional correlation between herding behavior and spillovers both in the short and long run. The authors conclude that in times of crisis, the transmission of shocks between markets is more frequent, fuelling uncertainty and pushing investors to suppress their own beliefs and follow the general market trends.Originality/valueThis paper uses the TVP-VAR model to explore the spillover effect and the DCC-GARCH model to explore the connectedness between herding behavior and the spillover effect in G7 and BRICS countries in both the short and long run.