bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature dependence of nitrogen solubility in bridgmanite and evolution of nitrogen storage capacity in the lower mantle
Authors: Fukuyama Ko , Kagi Hiroyuki , Inoue Toru , Kakizawa Sho , Shinmei Toru , Sano Yuji , Deligny Cécile , Füri Evelyn 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRelative nitrogen abundance normalized by carbonaceous chondrites in the bulk silicate Earth appears to be depleted compared to other volatile elements. Especially, nitrogen behavior in the deep part of the Earth such as the lower mantle is not clearly understood. Here, we experimentally investigated the temperature dependence of nitrogen solubility in bridgmanite which occupies 75 wt.% of the lower mantle. The experimental temperature ranged from 1400 to 1700 °C at 28 GPa in the redox state corresponding to the shallow lower mantle. The maximum nitrogen solubility in bridgmanite (MgSiO3) increased from 1.8 ± 0.4 to 5.7 ± 0.8 ppm with increasing temperature from 1400 to 1700 °C. The nitrogen storage capacity of Mg-endmember bridgmanite under the current temperature conditions is 3.4 PAN (PAN: mass of present atmospheric nitrogen). Furthermore, the nitrogen solubility of bridgmanite increased with increasing temperature, in contrast to the nitrogen solubility of metallic iron. Thus, the nitrogen storage capacity of bridgmanite can be larger than that of metallic iron during the solidification of the magma ocean. Such a “hidden” nitrogen reservoir formed by bridgmanite in the lower mantle may have depleted the apparent nitrogen abundance ratio in the bulk silicate Earth.
An anthropometric evidence against the use of age-based estimation of bodyweight in pediatric patients admitted to intensive care units
Authors: Nosaka Nobuyuki , Anzai Tatsuhiko , Uchimido Ryo , Mishima Yuka , Takahashi Kunihiko , Wakabayashi Kenji 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAge-based bodyweight estimation is commonly used in pediatric settings, but pediatric ICU patients often have preexisting comorbidity and resulting failure to thrive, hence their anthropometric measures may be small-for-age. Accordingly, age-based methods could overestimate bodyweight in such settings, resulting in iatrogenic complications. We performed a retrospective cohort study using pediatric data (aged < 16 years) registered in the Japanese Intensive Care Patient Database from April 2015 to March 2020. All the anthropometric data were overlaid on the growth charts. The estimation accuracy of 4 age-based and 2 height-based bodyweight estimations was evaluated by the Bland–Altman plot analysis and the proportion of estimates within 10% of the measured weight (ρ10%). We analyzed 6616 records. The distributions of both bodyweight and height were drifted to the lower values throughout the childhood while the distribution of BMI was similar to the general healthy children. The accuracy in bodyweight estimation with age-based formulae was inferior to that with height-based methods. These data demonstrated that the pediatric patients in the Japanese ICU were proportionally small-for-age, suggesting a special risk of using the conventional age-based estimation but supporting the use of height-based estimation of the bodyweight in the pediatric ICU.
Unsupervised anomaly detection for posteroanterior chest X-rays using multiresolution patch-based self-supervised learning
Authors: Kim Minki , Moon Ki-Ryum , Lee Byoung-Dai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe demand for anomaly detection, which involves the identification of abnormal samples, has continued to increase in various domains. In particular, with increases in the data volume of medical imaging, the demand for automated screening systems has also risen. Consequently, in actual clinical practice, radiologists can focus only on diagnosing patients with abnormal findings. In this study, we propose an unsupervised anomaly detection method for posteroanterior chest X-rays (CXR) using multiresolution patch-based self-supervised learning. The core aspect of our approach is to leverage patch images of different sizes for training and testing to recognize diverse anomalies characterized by unknown shapes and scales. In addition, self-supervised contrastive learning is applied to learn the generalized and robust features of the patches. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using posteroanterior CXR images from a public dataset for training and testing. The results show that the proposed method is superior to state-of-the-art anomaly detection methods. In addition, unlike single-resolution patch-based methods, the proposed method consistently exhibits a good overall performance regardless of the evaluation criteria used for comparison, thus demonstrating the effectiveness of using multiresolution patch-based features. Overall, the results of this study validate the effectiveness of multiresolution patch-based self-supervised learning for detecting anomalies in CXR images.
Effects of short bout small-sided game training on acid-base balance markers in youth male soccer players
Authors: Kryściak Jakub , Podgórski Tomasz , Chmura Paweł , Konefał Marek , Chmura Jan , Brazaitis Marius , Modric Toni , Andrzejewski Marcin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to compare the effects of 1 × 1 small-sided games (SSGs) with different bout durations on external (ETL) and internal training loads (ITL) in youth soccer players. Twenty U18 players were divided into two groups performing six 1 × 1 SSGs with 30 and 45 s bout durations on a playing field of 10 by 15 m. ITL indices, including the percentage of maximum heart rate (HR), blood lactate (BLa) level, pH, bicarbonate (HCO3−) level, and base excess (BE) level, were measured at rest, after each SSG bout, and 15 and 30 min after the entire exercise protocol. ETL (Global Positioning System metrics) was recorded during all six SSG bouts. The analysis showed that the 45 s SSGs had a greater volume (large effect) but a lower training intensity (small to large effect) than the 30 s SSGs. A significant time effect (p < 0.05) was observed in all ITL indices and a significant group effect (F1, 18 = 8.84,p = 0.0082, ƞ2 = 0.33) in the HCO3−level only. Finally, the changes in the HR and HCO3−level were smaller in the 45 s SSGs than in the 30 s SSGs. In conclusion, 30-s games, characterized by a higher intensity of training effort, are more physiologically demanding than 45-s games. Secondly during short-bout SSG training the HR and BLa level have limited diagnostic value for ITL. Extending ITL monitoring using other indicators, such as the HCO3−and BE levels, appears reasonable.
High-precision angle adaptive control simulation of synchronous motor for automatic lifting and boarding equipment of aircraft platform
Authors: Zhang Zhuo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn order to improve the accuracy and adaptability of the Angle control of the aircraft platform automatic lifting and boarding synchronous motors, the high precision Angle adaptive control method of the aircraft platform automatic lifting and boarding synchronous motors is studied. The structure and function of lifting mechanism in automatic lifting and boarding device of aircraft platform are analyzed. The mathematical equation of synchronous motor in automatic lifting and boarding device is established in a coordinate system, the ideal transmission ratio of synchronous motor angle is calculated, and the PID control law is designed according to the transmission ratio. Finally, the high precision Angle adaptive control of the synchronous motor of the aircraft platform automatic lifting and boarding device is realized by using the control rate. The simulation results show that the proposed method can quickly and accurately realize the angular position control of the research object, and the control error is within ± 0.15rd, which has high adaptability.
Partial‐histogram design without frame rate and data loss based on gray code peak searching
Authors: Xu Jiqing , Yu Hengwei , Wu Yifan , Chiang Patrick 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis letter presents a high frame rate and low area cost partial histogram scheme for d‐ToF depth imaging sensor based on SPAD. This scheme realizes high frame rate through a novel peak seeking algorithm based on gray code and pipeline operation that firstly adopted. Area cost is reduced by partial histogram and overlap is used to prevent data loss. Finally, a 24 bins partial‐histogram design is implemented by ASIC flow with a total area of 11724 μm2 under 130 nm. FPGA flow is also used to verify feasibility. Compared with other known partial histogram schemes, proposed method has no data and frame rate loss.
MatPSST: A Matlab/Simulink‐based power system simulation toolbox for research and education
Authors: Lin Siqi , Yao Wei , Xiong Yongxin , Zhao Yifan , Shi Zhongtuo , Ai Xiaomeng , Wen Jinyu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper presents an open‐access Matlab/Simulink‐based power system simulation toolbox (MatPSST) for research and education. In MatPSST, dynamic modeling is implemented by Simulink. Only the initialization process is coded in Matlab. This structure makes full use of Simulink, enabling users to fully use the rich solvers and built‐in toolboxes in Matlab/Simulink, such as small‐signal analysis, without additional programming. The interaction with real‐time platforms like RTLAB and dSPACE in MatPSST is convenient through the Simulink interface. In addition, MatPSST provides a uniform interface and flexible framework for user‐defined functions. Users do not need to consider the interaction between models and dynamic solvers when implementing state‐of‐the‐art user‐defined models. To avoid the heavy work (replicate units and change parameters) in modeling detailed wind farm or photovoltaic station with hundreds of renewable generation units, the idea of the vector‐variable‐based model is proposed with MatPSST. Case studies introduce some selected application examples of MatPSST in research and education and demonstrate its accuracy by the comparisons with Simscape and PSAT. The cases reveal the advantages of MatPSST in promoting power system research and education.
CFNet: Head detection network based on multi‐layer feature fusion and attention mechanism
Authors: Han Jing , Wang Xiaoying , Wang Xichang , Lv Xueqiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRecently, head detection has been widely used in target detection, which has a great application value for improving security prevention and control in public places, as well as enhancing target tracking and identification in national defense, criminal investigation, and other fields. However, detecting small targets accurately at long distances is very difficult, and current methods often lack optimization of multi‐resolution features. Therefore, the authors propose a one‐stage detection network CFNet (cross‐layer feature fusion and fusion weight attention network), in which a fusion weight attention mechanism module (FWAM) is proposed to give different weights to the fused features in order to distinguish the importance of different features. The module increases the weights of features that contain strong information so that the fused features are focused on feature points that are beneficial for optimal head detection. Meanwhile, a cross‐layer feature fusion module is proposed to fuse information from different resolution feature maps to compensate for the decrease in detection accuracy caused by the omission of information features at low resolution, and a connection network for contextual information fusion is constructed, while weight parameter value settings are introduced to optimize the detection effect after fusion of different resolution features. In order to better reflect the effectiveness of the network, the experiments are performed on the SCUT‐HEAD PartA dataset and the Brainwash dataset; the results show that the network the authors proposed is better than the existing comparison methods, which proves the robustness and effectiveness of the network.
A new modulation strategy on isolated battery charger with wide input and output voltage range
Authors: Jou Hurng‐Liahng , Chen Fu‐Zen , Wu Jinn‐Chang , Chiang Chih‐Chun , Su Li‐Wen , Chen Wei‐Ting 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA new wide voltage operation range isolated battery charger, which is composed of an asymmetric T‐type AC–DC power rectifier and a modified re‐configurable half bridge DC–DC power converter, is proposed in this paper. The asymmetric T‐type rectifier adopts different modulation strategies under different AC bus voltage amplitudes and different battery voltages for increasing power conversion efficiency. As the isolated DC–DC power stage, a modified re‐configurable half bridge converter applies a three‐winding transformer to achieve a wide output operation range. The proposed battery charger operates over a wide AC input voltage range and wide DC output voltage range. A 3.2 kW hardware battery charger prototype is built to adapt AC voltage between 85 and 265 V. Both constant current and constant voltage modes are implemented experimentally to charge the battery up to 6.5 A from 50 to 500 V. The experimental results prove that the proposed asymmetric T‐type rectifier adopts different modulation strategies under different AC bus voltage amplitudes and different battery voltages can increase the power conversion efficiency, the proposed DC–DC converter can output the DC voltage from 50 to 500 V and the proposed battery charger can achieve around 94% efficiency.
The Effelsberg survey of FU Orionis and EX Lupi objects
Authors: Szabó Zs. M. , Gong Y. , Menten K. M. , Yang W. , Cyganowski C. J. , Kóspál Á. , Ábrahám P. , Belloche A. , Wyrowski F. 
Published: March 2023

Context. FU Orionis (FUor) and EX Lupi (EXor) type objects represent two small but rather spectacular groups of low-mass, young, eruptive stars. In both cases, outbursts of several magnitudes are observed, which are attributed to enhanced mass accretion from the circumstellar disc onto the central protostar. Although these objects are well studied at optical and near-infrared wavelengths, their host molecular environments are poorly explored because of the scarcity of systematic molecular line observations.
Aims. We aim to carry out the first dedicated survey of the molecular environments of a large sample of FUors and EXors, observing a total of 51 sources, including some Gaia alerts, to study the ammonia (NH3) emission in their host environments.
Methods. We observed the ammonia (J, K) = (1,1), (2,2), and (3,3) inversion transitions at ~23.7 GHz in position-switching mode using the Effelsberg 100-m radio telescope. For 19 of the 51 sources in our sample, we derived H2 column densities and dust temperatures using archival Herschel/SPIRE data at 250 µm, 300 µm, and 500 µm.
Results. We detected the NH3 (1,1) transition toward 28 sources and the (2,2) transition toward 12 sources, while the (3,3) transition was detected towards only two sources in our sample. We find kinetic temperatures between ~12 K and 21 K, ammonia column densities from 5.2 × 1013 cm−2 to 3.2 × 1015 cm−2, and fractional ammonia abundances with respect to H2 from 4.7 × 10−9 to 1.5 × 10−7. These results are comparable to those found in infrared dark clouds (IRDCs). Our kinematic analysis suggests that most of the eruptive stars in our sample reside in rather quiescent (sonic or transonic) host environments.
Conclusions. Our NH3 observations and analysis of the SPIRE dust-based H2 column density maps confirm the presence of dense material towards seven sources in our sample; additional sources might also harbour dense gas based on their NH2 (2,2) detections, potentially indicating an earlier phase than originally classified. Based on our results, we suggest that observations targeting additional molecular lines would help to refine the evolutionary classification of eruptive stars.
Novel time-resolved CARS implementation for application in microscopy
Authors: Neethling Pieter H. , Viljoen Ruan , Heidt Alexander M. , Spangenberg Dirk , Feurer Thomas , Rohwer Erich G. 
Published: March 2023

Vibrational dephasing times for benzene and carbon disulfide are measured using a custom single-beam Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy (CARS) setup. A femtosecond oscillator is used to pump a polarization maintaining all normal dispersion photonic crystal fibre (PM-ANDi-PCF) to generate a broad band supercontinuum, covering a spectral region from 680 to 900 nm. The dispersion properties of the PM-ANDi-PCF ensures the supercontinuum is stable and there exists a fixed phase relationship between the spectral components of the supercontinuum. This enables its temporal compression using i2PIE, implemented using a liquid crystal spatial light modulator (SLM) in a 4f geometry. This SLM is also used to shape the pulse spectrally and temporally. With this setup we could demonstrate time-resolved CARS, measuring the vibrational relaxation times of a carbon disulfide (CS2)/benzene mixture, and eliminate the non-resonant background completely. The main advantage of this setup is the fact that it is a single beam technique, eliminating the requirement for aligning the overlap of the pump and probe, both spatially and temporally, in the focal plane of the microscope. The strengths and limitations of the technique are highlighted and the route to time-resolved/background free vibrational microscopy is proposed.
DC pulsed plasma magnetron sputtering of CdO/Cu/CdO multilayers thin films for self-cleaning and optoelectronic applications
Authors: Abd El-Moula Alzahra A. , Raaif Mohamed , El-Hossary Fayez , Abo El-Kassem Mohamed 
Published: March 2023

In this study, CdO/Cu/CdO multilayers thin films were organized on glass substrates with different Cu intermetallic layer thickness engaging DC plasma magnetron sputtering. The optoelectronic properties and structural characteristics of the multilayers at various Cu intermetallic layer thicknesses which were varied from 4 to 16 nm were explored. The calculated band gap was reduced from 2.66 eV to 2.48 eV as the Cu intermetallic layer thickness increased from 4 to 16 nm. The refractive index and coefficient of extinction of CdO/Cu/CdO multilayers increased with increasing the Cu intermetallic layer thickness. The resistivity is reduced from 1.8 × 10−2 Ω cm for CdO single layer to reach a value of 2.7 × 10−4 Ω cm for CdO/Cu (16 nm)/CdO multilayer. Further, the sheet resistance is decreased from 1000 to 13.8 Ω/sq. with the variation in Cu intermetallic layer thickness from 0 to 16 nm. CdO/Cu (4 nm)/CdO multilayer film recorded the best figure of merit (2.3 × 10−4 Ω−1). After sunlight illumination for the multilayers, the surface wettability was improved and the contact angle recorded lowest value of nearly 24° for CdO/Cu (8 nm)/CdO and CdO/Cu (12 nm)/CdO.
ABER Position in Direct MR Arthrography of the Shoulder: Useful Adjunct or Waste of Imaging Time?
Authors: Altmann Sebastian , Jungmann Florian , Emrich Tilman , Jezycki Thomas , Kreitner Karl-Friedrich 
Published: March 2023

Purpose The usefulness of direct MR arthrography of the shoulder with additional ABER position (ABER-MRA) has always been discussed. The goals of the following review are to analyze the usefulness of this technique according to the available literature and present recommendations with respect to indications and benefits in diagnostic imaging of shoulder abnormalities in the clinical routine.
Method For this review we assessed the current literature databases of the Cochrane Library, Embase, and PubMed with regard to MRA in the ABER position up to the February 28, 2022. Search terms were “shoulder MRA, ABER”, “MRI ABER”, “MR ABER”, “shoulder, abduction external rotation MRA”, “abduction external rotation MRI” and “ABER position”. The inclusion criteria were prospective and retrospective studies with surgical and/or arthroscopic correlation within 12 months. Overall, 16 studies with 724 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria: 10 studies dealing with anterior instabilities, three studies with posterior instabilities and seven studies with suspected rotator cuff pathologies (some studies addressing multiple items).
Results For anterior instability the use of ABER-MRA in the ABER position led to a significant increase in sensitivity for detecting lesions of the labral ligamentous complex compared with standard 3-plane shoulder MRA (81 % versus 92 %, p = 0.001) while maintaining high specificity (96 %). ABER-MRA demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity (89 % and 100 %, respectively) for SLAP lesions and was able to detect micro-instability in overhead athletes, but case counts are still very small. With regard to rotator cuff tears, no improvement of sensitivity or specificity could be shown with use of ABER-MRA.
Conclusion Based on the currently available literature, ABER-MRA achieves a level of evidence C in the detection of pathologies of the anteroinferior labroligamentous complex. With regard to the evaluation of SLAP lesions and the exact determination of the degree of rotator cuff injury, ABER-MRA can be of additive value, but is still a case-by-case decision.
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Recent Advances in Highly Fluorescent Hydrazine-Inserted Pyrrole-Based Diboron-Anchoring Fluorophores: Synthesis and Properties
Authors: Yu Changjiang , Hao Erhong , Sun Yingzhu , Jiao Lijuan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHydrazine-inserted pyrrole-based diboron fluorophores that display strong fluorescence in either the solution or solid state are widely used in biomedicine and optoelectronic materials science. A growing demand calls for multiple strategies for generating novel fluorophores to solve problems of small Stokes shifts and poor solid-state fluorescence. By changing their frameworks, several series of novel diboron compounds have recently been developed as increasingly valuable classes of fluorophores owing to their tunable structures and outstanding spectroscopic properties, such as high fluorescence quantum yields, large Stokes shifts, high photostability, and low LUMO energy levels due to the presence of electron-deficient BF2 groups. This review mainly highlights key synthetic strategies for the fluorophores BOPHY, BOPPY, and BOAPY developed by our group, together with the superior properties of these compounds. Significant photophysical data for these fluorophores in solution and solid states are included within the scope of this review. The facile functionalization of these fluorophores permits practical structural modifications to generate novel versatile dyes with excellent chemical and photophysical properties. We believe that these fluorophores hold promise to make important contributions in a wide range of applications.1	Introduction2	BOPHY Fluorophore2.1	Discovery of BOPHY and its Fundamental Properties2.2	Synthesis and Properties of Modified BOPHY Derivatives3	BOPPY and BOPYPY Fluorophores3.1	Discovery of BOPPY and BOPYPY, and Their Fundamental Properties3.2	Synthesis and Properties of Benzo-Fused BOPPYs from Isoindoles3.3	Nucleophilic Substitution and Cross-Coupling Reactions of Halogenated BOPPYs3.4	Knoevenagel Reaction4	BOAPY and BOPAHY Fluorophores5	Conclusion