bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building a resilient organic hemp industry: Survey and focus groups assess research, extension, and education needs
Authors: Moore Virginia , Fratz Emily , Baltensperger David , Ellison Shelby , Grab Heather , Sosnoskie Lynn , Suchoff David , Vergara Daniela 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHemp (Cannabis sativa L.) has many potential uses, including in textiles, construction, human food, animal feed, health, and personal care applications, and was once widely grown in the United States. Despite the tremendous initial excitement in hemp production and expansion of hemp acreage following its legalization in 2018, there remains uncertainty and risk surrounding the crop; major gaps in production and processing knowledge and supply and distribution chains exist because of previous legal barriers. In 2023, a national survey of current and prospective organic hemp growers (n = 140) was conducted to identify major challenges associated with organic hemp production and determine what resources and information are needed to support growth and resilience within the industry. A series of focus groups were also conducted with organic hemp growers, hemp educators, and industry stakeholders, including researchers and extensionists, current and prospective hemp business owners, hemp advocates and organizations, and hemp consultants (n = 39). Survey respondents and focus group participants included farmers across a wide range of farm types and sizes, geographic areas, production practices, and end‐use products. Most current hemp producers surveyed are growing hemp for cannabinoid products. Across the survey and focus groups, and regardless of farm type or end‐use product, the most significant challenges of organic hemp production are related to marketing, sales, and regulations. Despite these barriers, most survey respondents are interested in growing hemp in the future; this includes expanded interest in non‐cannabinoid end‐use products such as fiber, grain, seed, or transplants.
Evaluating the performance of drought indices for assessing agricultural droughts in Argentina
Authors: Sosa G. , Fernández‐Long M. E. , Vicente‐Serrano S. M 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis article presents an analysis of the response of the annual yield of rainfed maize crops in the Argentine Pampas Region to five drought indices (standardized precipitation index [SPI], standardized soil moisture index [SSMI], standardized evapotranspiration deficit index [SEDI], standardized precipitation‐evapotranspiration index [SPEI], and standardized precipitation actual evapotranspiration index [SPET]) at different time scales (from 1 to 12 months). The idea of this work was to find the drought indices that best correspond to the interannual variability of maize yield and to use them in monitoring agricultural droughts. For this purpose, we correlated maize yields with different indices across all their time‐scales. We selected the indices with the best overall response to yields and then performed a principal component analysis. The findings revealed that the SEDI and the SPEI displayed the highest correlations with maize yields, followed by SPI, while SPET exhibited the lowest correlations. Principal component analysis demonstrated a heightened predictive capacity of drought indices between February and March, particularly at 7–8‐month scales, alongside the widely used 3‐month temporal scale for monitoring agricultural droughts. The stronger correlations exhibited by SEDI and SPEI, which incorporate atmospheric evaporative demand into their calculations, suggest that water availability is not the sole meteorological factor influencing drought impacts. Atmospheric demand considers temperature and air humidity, factors that intensify plant stress conditions. These findings supported the importance of considering flexible drought indices adapted to different time‐scales for accurate monitor of agricultural droughts, which can enhance planning and risk mitigation in crop production in the Pampas Region and beyond.
Intra‐Individual Stable Isotope Variation Tracks Brazilian Contemporary Dietary and Nutritional Transition
Authors: Valenzuela Luciano O. , Plens Claudia , Otero Felipe , Loupias Luciano L. , Soriano Evelyne Pessoa , de Carvalho Marcus Vitor Diniz , de Almeida Junior Erasmo , Daruge Junior Eduardo , Francesquini Júnior Luiz , Palhares Machado Carlos Eduardo , Ubelaker Douglas H. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionContemporary dietary and nutritional transitions are commonplace, but difficult to study directly. In Brazil, and Latin America, this generalized process, leading to current obesity and malnutrition problems, started more than four decades ago. Although body weight and food availability are used to measure changes, not much information on food consumption and nutrition exist. Stable isotope analysis allows for the study of modern individual diets because it reflects the proportional contribution of different foods, general dietary patterns, and the effect of metabolism. Furthermore, when samples from tissues reflecting different time points are used, it allows for the assessment of individual transitions.ObjectivesTo explore intra‐person isotopic variation for the first time in the Southern Hemisphere for modern humans, and examine the nutritional transition reported for Brazil in the past four decades.MaterialsStable carbon and nitrogen isotope values from 68 14C‐dated bone samples (vertebra, occipital, parietal, femur) from 17 individuals born in 1963, from three cemeteries.ResultsData reflect chronologically ordered high intra‐individual δ15N variation tracking the dietary and nutrition transition over the last few decades, while no relationship between δ13C values and time was found. Vertebrae, reflecting diets from the mid 2000s, showed lower δ15N values than other bones reflecting the mid 1980s and early 1990s.DiscussionWe show how different bones capture nutritional transitions over the lifespan of modern individuals. Nitrogen isotope values were lower in recent tissues as a consequence of the changes in the agri‐food industry and worldwide consumption patterns that have intensified in Latin America in the last decades.
Aryl‐Acetylene Layered Hybrid Perovskites in Photovoltaics
Authors: AlSabeh Ghewa , Slama Vladislav , Ren Ming , Almalki Masaud , Pfeifer Lukas , Kubicki Dominik J. , Zimmermann Paul , Hinderhofer Alexander , Faini Fabiola , Moia Davide , Othman Mostafa , Eickemeyer Felix T. , Carnevali Virginia , Lempesis Nikolaos , Vezzosi Andrea , Ansari Fatemeh , Schreiber Frank , Maier Joachim , Wolff Christian M. , Hessler‐Wyser Aïcha , Ballif Christophe , Grancini Giulia , Rothlisberger Ursula , Grätzel Michael , Milić Jovana V. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMetal halide perovskites have shown exceptional potential in converting solar energy to electric power in photovoltaics, yet their application is hampered by limited operational stability. This stimulated the development of hybrid layered (two‐dimensional, 2D) halide perovskites based on hydrophobic organic spacers, templating perovskite slabs, as a more stable alternative. However, conventional organic spacer cations are electronically insulating, resulting in charge confinement within the inorganic slabs, thus limiting their functionality. This can be ameliorated by extending the π‐conjugation of the spacer cations. We demonstrate the capacity to access Ruddlesden‐Popper and Dion‐Jacobson 2D perovskites incorporating for the first time aryl‐acetylene‐based (4‐ethynylphenyl)methylammonium (BMAA) and buta‐1,3‐diyne‐1,4‐diylbis(4,1‐phenylene)dimethylammonium (BDAA) spacers, respectively. We assess their unique opto(electro)ionic characteristics by a combination of techniques and apply them in mixed‐dimensional perovskite solar cells that show superior device performances with a power conversion efficiency of up to 23 % and higher operational stability, opening the way for multifunctionality in layered hybrid materials and their application.
Waste to Wealth: Cenospheres as Promising Thermal Insulation Coating Material for Protection Against Impinging Hot Air
Authors: Lakshmi Ramachandrappa Vara , Bera Parthasarathi , Jaikesh Sukumar , Kumar Venkatakrishnaiah Praveen , Srinivas Govindappa , Aruna Singanahalli Thippareddy , Barshilia Harish Chandra 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSaving thermal energy in a sustainable way is one of the important aspects of global energy conservation. Therefore, conservation of thermal energy by different means has been a topic of applied research in the last several years. In this direction, low‐density, low‐thickness, cost‐effective, and easily scalable thermal insulation paint coating containing power plant waste cenosphere has been developed in the present work. Cenospheres having low thermal conductivity are used as fillers in an epoxy matrix. The coating has been developed using simple spray coating method. Morphology, phase, and particle size of cenospheres have been characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffractometry, and particle size analysis, respectively. Cenospheres show spherical morphology with mainly quartz and mullite phases. Chemical bonding and surface nature of the as‐prepared coating have been evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The coating contains C–O, C–O–C, C–C, C=C, –CH3, C–N, N–H, –OH, Al–O–Si, Al–O–Al bonds, as well as Si3+, Si4+, C–O, C=O, O–C=O, Ca2+, Na+, and Al3+ species on the surface of the coating. The thermal conductivity of epoxy‐cenospheres coating is in the range of 0.24 to 0.35 W m−1 K−1 for temperatures of 20 °C–200 °C. The thermal insulation property of the coating has been assessed using an indigenously built setup and the coating shows a temperature drop of 20 °C–27 °C, when the coating has been subjected to 200 °C hot air exposure for 5 to 20 min.
Development of Biodegradable High‐Alumina Clay‐Modified Poly (Butylene Adipate‐Co‐Terephthalate) Composites for Sustainable Packaging Applications
Authors: Dutta Koushik , Duarah Rituparna , Purbey Ravi , Jayaramudu J. , Das Manash R. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe urgent need for sustainable alternatives to conventional packaging has driven extensive research into biodegradable materials that reduce pollution and support the circular economy. Here, we present a novel approach to enhancing the properties of poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) by incorporating high‐alumina content clay in varying amounts of 0.25–2 weight percentages (wt%) using an ex‐situ fabrication method. This innovative composite design addresses the limitations of traditional PBAT by significantly improving its mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties, making it a viable candidate for high‐performance sustainable packaging. FT‐IR, XRD, and FE‐SEM confirmed a well‐dispersed clay network within the PBAT matrix. Quantitatively, the addition of alumina clay enhanced the elastic modulus to 31.9 MPa, representing a marked increase in stiffness. The composites also demonstrated improved thermal stability up to 364.3°C. Surface hydrophobicity was significantly increased (92.1°), while water vapor permeability reduced to 3.76 × 10−12 g·cm·cm−2 s−1 mmHg−1, showcasing superior moisture resistance compared to neat PBAT. Developed films showed excellent resistivity in various chemical environments for up to 45 days and remarkable packaging efficiency for up to 14 days. These findings highlight the unique potential of high‐alumina clay‐reinforced PBAT composites as robust, environmentally friendly materials that meet the diverse demands of the packaging industry.
Effect of Various Diamines on the Mechanical, Thermal, and High‐Frequency Dielectric Properties of Polyimide and Their Composites With Functionalized Hollow Silica Fiber
Authors: Ye Yu‐Min , Chen Erh‐Ching , Wu Tzong‐Ming 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this study, three different series of polyimides (PIs) and their composites fabricated using various chemical structure of diamines and functionalized hollow silica fiber (FHSF) were synthesized. The experimental results of three PIs indicate that the addition of fluorine atoms into the pending groups of PI can decrease the glass transition temperature (Tg) with increase in the chain flexibility and this can lower the dielectric constant of PI. The high‐frequency dielectric constants of the composite materials decrease with increase in the loadings of FHSF. These phenomena are possibly accredited to the steric hindrance effect caused by the presence of trifluoromethyl groups of PI polymer chain and FHSF, which can interrupt the PI chain packing and increase their free volumes, resulting in the decrease of Tg and the dielectric properties of PIs. The high‐frequency circuit transmission loss properties of fabricated composite materials measured using the Test Methods Manual IPC‐TM 650 2.5.5.14 are lower than those of pure polymer matrix, recommending that the prepared materials could be selected as interlayer dielectrics for nano‐level electronic.
Green Synthesis of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Using Plumbago zeylanica Root Extract, Spectrochemical Characterization, and Antibacterial Activity Against Common Pathogen
Authors: Humayun Akhter Syed Md , Naeem Sajid , Ansari U. S. , Siddiqui Vasi Uddin , Bharti Shambhu Shankar , Ahmad Shameem , Alam Md Tanwir , Husain Dilawar , Patil A. V. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe root extract of Plumbago zeylanica was used to produce iron oxide (FeO), zinc oxide (ZnO), and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles. These metal oxides are easy to produce, inexpensive, and ecologically friendly, with considerable antibacterial activity against common infections. The purpose of this work is to explore a sustainable synthesis method and to investigate the comparative antibacterial activity of these nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were characterized using a variety of techniques, including energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐vis) spectrophotometry, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The XRD patterns revealed the crystalline structures of the produced metal oxide nanoparticles by displaying prominent, intense peaks. Morphological investigation utilizing SEM and TEM techniques revealed the nanoparticles’ shapes and sizes, with an average particle size ranging from 9 to 36 nm. EDX spectra verified the presence of an oxide layer on all three metal oxide nanoparticles. UV‐vis and FTIR spectroscopy revealed additional optical characteristics. The antibacterial activities of FeO, ZnO, and CuO nanoparticles were tested using disk diffusion assays against Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. The results showed that the antibacterial efficiency of these nanoparticles varied according to the type of bacteria. ZnO nanoparticles had the highest antibacterial activity against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, while FeO nanoparticles had the lowest antibacterial efficacy. These data imply that ZnO nanoparticles, in particular, have antibacterial properties.
Phase Structure of Holographic Superconductors With Spontaneous Scalarization
Authors: Guo Hong , Qian Wei‐Liang , Wang Bean 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWithin the holographic framework, we investigate the Einstein‐scalar‐Gauss‐Bonnet theory coupled with a Maxwell field in an asymptotically anti‐de Sitter (AdS) spacetime. Our findings reveal that holographic superconductor solutions exist when the Gauss‐Bonnet coupling constant is below the critical value , while spontaneous scalarization solutions emerge for . This raises the question whether the hairy black holes triggered by different mechanisms are smoothly joined by a phase transition or whether these are actually identical solutions. To examine this transition in greater detail, we constructed a phase diagram in terms of temperature and chemical potential. By explicitly evaluating the Gibbs free energy and its derivatives, we demonstrate that a smooth yet first‐order phase transition occurs between the two hairy solutions. In particular, a thermodynamic process can be devised in which a superconducting black hole transitions into a scalarized black hole by raising or lowering the temperature.
Integrated Network Pharmacology and Metabolomics to Investigate the Effects and Possible Mechanisms of Ginsenoside Rg2 Glycine Ester Derivative Against Hypoxia
Authors: Dong Qinghai , Shi Fei , Lin Fang , Wang Yaqi , An Yang , Xie Hongliu , Liu Jihua 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPrevious studies have suggested that ginsenoside Rg2 glycine ester derivative (RG) exhibits therapeutic potential in mitigating hypoxia. This study aimed to elucidate the potential mechanism of RG in hypoxia injury through a combined approach of metabolomics and network pharmacology. Initially, a CoCl2‐induced cell hypoxia model was established, and the therapeutic impact of RG on biochemical indices was evaluated. Subsequently, metabolomics analysis of cell samples was conducted to identify biomarkers, and network pharmacology was employed to identify potential targets of RG for hypoxia treatment. Finally, the key target and pathway were verified. The study revealed that RG could reverse CoCl2‐induced abnormalities in biochemical indicators. Metabolomics analysis identified 13 biomarkers and seven metabolic pathways associated with RG treatment. Utilizing network pharmacology, five key targets and five metabolic pathways were identified, partially aligning with the metabolomics results. Molecular docking results demonstrated the effective binding of RG to the key targets. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay verified that RG could exert antihypoxia effect by activated PI3K/Akt pathway. In conclusion, this integrated strategy, combining metabolomics with network pharmacology, sheds light on the protective mechanism of RG against hypoxia‐induced cellular damage. The findings offer valuable insights for future research and potential applications of RG in the field.
LC‐MS/MS Analyzing Praziquantel and 4‐Hydroxypraziquantel Enantiomers in Black Goat Plasma and Mechanism of Stereoselective Pharmacokinetics
Authors: Du Xiaoxi , Saleh Basma , Li Xiarong , Zheng Xiantong , Shu Xiaogui , Liu Rong , He Limin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPraziquantel (PZQ) is the most effective treatment for schistosomiasis, commonly administered as a racemic mixture of the two enantiomers. Despite many reports on the pharmacokinetics of PZQ, the stereoselective pharmacokinetics of PZQ and its major metabolite 4‐hydroxypraziquantel (4‐OH‐PZQ) remain poorly understood in goats. In this study, the chiral LC‐MS/MS method was further optimized for separating and quantifying PZQ, trans‐4‐OH‐PZQ, and cis‐4‐OH‐PZQ and their enantiomers and then applied for the molecular pharmacokinetics of three analytes in black goat plasma. The findings showed that PZQ was rapidly absorbed and metabolized to 4‐OH‐PZQ. The Cmax of trans‐4‐OH‐PZQ was about 3 times and 6 times higher than those of cis‐4‐OH‐PZQ and PZQ, respectively. The stereoselectivity of the PZQ and cis‐4‐OH‐PZQ enantiomers was insignificant in black goat plasma (p > 0.05), whereas the trans‐4‐OH‐PZQ enantiomers exhibited obvious stereoselectivity (p < 0.05). The Cmax of S‐trans‐4‐OH‐PZQ were ~3.1 times higher than that of R‐trans‐4‐OH‐PZQ. Further computer simulations indicated that these differences in the stereoselectivity might mainly stem from the different binding energies of the corresponding R‐ and S‐enantiomers of the target analytes to black goat plasma albumin. It has guiding significance for the research on the stereoselectivity of chiral veterinary drugs and their precision medication.
Probing Biomolecular Interactions with Paramagnetic Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Busch Hannah , Yasir Ateeque Muhammad , Taube Florian , Wiegand Thomas , Corzilius Björn , Künze Georg 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRecent advances in computational methods like AlphaFold have transformed structural biology, enabling accurate modeling of protein complexes and driving applications in drug discovery and protein engineering. However, predicting the structure of systems involving weak, transient, or dynamic interactions, or of complexes with disordered regions, remains challenging. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy offers atomic‐level insights into biomolecular complexes, even in weakly interacting and dynamic systems. Paramagnetic NMR, in particular, provides long‐range structural restraints, easily exceeding distances over 25 Å, making it ideal for studying large protein complexes. Advances in chemical tools for introducing paramagnetic tags into proteins, combined with progress in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, have enhanced the method's utility. This perspective article discusses paramagnetic NMR approaches for analyzing biomolecular complexes in solution and in the solid state, emphasizing quantities like pseudocontact shifts, residual dipolar couplings, and paramagnetic relaxation enhancements. Additionally, dynamic nuclear polarization offers a promising method to amplify NMR signals of large complexes, even in complex environments. The integration of AlphaFold protein structure prediction with paramagnetic NMR holds great potential for advancing our understanding of biomolecular interactions.
Utilisation of a national database to characterise renal function in patients with COVID19 infection
Authors: Nelson Nicholas R. , Farina Nicholas , Rhoney Denise H. ,   the N3C consortium
Published: January 2025

AbstractRationaleThe incidence of renal function alterations among patients with COVID19 is unknown.ObjectiveTo determine the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) or augmented renal clearance (ARC) in patients hospitalised with COVID19 and identify risk factors for patients who may exhibit each renal alteration.MethodsRetrospective, observational cohort analysis of hospitalise, adult patients within the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) database with laboratory confirmed COVID19 and available data to calculate creatinine clearance using the Cockcroft–Gault equation from 1 January 2020 through 9 April 2022.MeasurementsIncidence of AKI or ARC and patient demographics.Main results15 608 patients were included for renal function characterisation where 20.9% experienced AKI and 34.8% exhibited ARC. ARC lasted longer than AKI; however, AKI was associated with increased hospital length of stay and mortality. 11 274 patients were included in logistic regression analysis. Height and White race were the only variables associated with decreased risk of AKI while male sex and diabetes were associated with increased risk. Male sex, Black race and hypertension were associated with decreased risk of ARC. Age was associated with decreased risk of both AKI and ARC while weight and Hispanic ethnicity were associated with increased risk in both renal alterations.ConclusionsA significant proportion of patients exhibit renal alterations during their hospitalisation for COVID19. These results provide initial evidence of identifying patients at risk of AKI or ARC, but more research is needed, especially with respect to use of biomarkers for renal alteration risk stratification.