bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal changes in the dominance of tree functional traits, but no changes in species diversity during woody plant encroachment in a Brazilian savanna
Authors: Raymundo Diego , Lehmann Caroline Elisabeth Randlev , de Oliveira‐Neto Norberto Emídio , Martini Vitor Campana , Altomare Monize , Prado‐Junior Jamir , Oliveira Paulo Eugênio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractQuestions: Woody encroachment in savannas has been associated with changing taxonomic composition and ecosystem function. Interestingly, there is little understanding of how encroachment impacts plant functional diversity and how those changes relate to plant demography, a crucial mediator between taxonomic composition and ecosystem function.Location: Southeastern Brazil.Methods: Using a landscape scale fire suppression experiment in a diverse Brazilian savanna, we quantify how change in species composition over seven years impacted vegetative and reproductive tree functional diversity as determined by new recruits, dead and surviving trees.Results: Over seven years, tree above‐ground biomass increased by 15%, while total species richness did not change. Despite minor changes, species composition remained overall similar (82%), with few species contributing significantly to plot dissimilarity over time. There were small changes in vegetative traits, where the community‐weighted mean increased in maximum tree height (↑ 2.1%) and specific leaf area (↑ 5.3%), and decreased in wood density (↓ 1.3%) and bark thickness (↓ 9.4%). Changes in reproductive traits were larger than in vegetative traits, with an increase in the prevalence of monoecy (↑ 32.6%), dioecy (↑ 44.2%), large seeds (↑ 20.3%), animal‐mediated seed dispersal (↑ 4.9%) and pollination by very small insects (↑ 45.5%), and a decrease in the prevalence of hermaphroditism (↓ 9%), small seeds (6.8%) and pollination by small insects (12.5%). The overall decrease in bark thickness and increase in monoecy and dioecy were mainly driven by characters of the new recruits, while the overall increase in specific leaf area (SLA) and decrease in small seeds appeared largely determined by the loss of trees possessing those traits.Conclusions: Encroachment leads to changes that are likely increasing ecosystem vulnerability to fire and drought. Further, the compositional changes observed appear to drive marked change in reproductive traits, indicating increasing dependence on animals for dispersal and reproduction. Understanding post‐hoc encroachment impacts in an era of widespread pervasive encroachment is fundamental to reconciling ecosystem functions such as nutrient cycling and pollination services as there is a loss of species with open ecosystem life‐history strategies. Among savannas, there remains an urgent need to understand relationships between woody cover and ecosystem function to determine thresholds in woody cover promoting resilient savanna ecosystems.
Plasticity in resource use explains the persistence of the largest living rodent in anthropized environments
Authors: Magioli M. , Luz H. R. , Costa F. B. , Benatti H. R. , Piovezan U. , Nunes F. B. P. , Lopes B. , Moreira M. Z. , Labruna M. B. , Ferraz K. M. P. M. B. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHow organisms search for and obtain food is a determinant of their survival. It has been hypothesized that organisms facing food limitations might expand their dietary niche compared with optimal foraging conditions. Nonetheless, some organisms may reduce their dietary niche due to limiting resources. Here, we show the resource use plasticity of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), the largest living rodent, in natural and anthropized environments of Brazil using stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in hair. We assessed the resource use, size and overlap of isotopic niches, and the influence of body mass, age class, sex, and landscape composition on isotopic values among 13 capybara populations (210 individuals). We observed a wide variation in isotopic values of capybaras among and within populations in different environments. Surprisingly, diets varied from strictly C4‐based to strictly C3‐based, with most individuals feeding on C4 plants (65%). A substantial portion of individuals presented mixed diets (C3 and C4 plants), totaling 31% of the individuals, and few fed exclusively on C3 plants (4%). Isotopic niche size also varied among populations in both environments, with low overlap considering their core dietary niche. Capybara populations in natural environments had substantial incorporation of C3 resources, showing individuals with strictly C3 diets, and possibly relying on a high diversity of food items, while some populations in anthropized ones fed exclusively on C4 resources. Neither body mass, age class, sex, nor landscape composition significantly influenced isotopic values. Here, we provide evidence of the dietary plasticity of capybaras in different environments, transitioning from the consumption of C4 to C3 plants when needed, that is, from preferred to non‐preferred food items. Together with the species' behavioral plasticity, our results help explain its resilience in surviving, and even thriving, in both natural and human‐modified environments.
Ideological changes and pragmatism in the Pacific Alliance
Authors: Vidarte Arévalo Oscar , Díaz Quichua Mayte 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSince its creation a decade ago, the Pacific Alliance has established itself as one of the most important regional blocs in Latin America. Its free‐market orientation, clearly neoliberal, and its pragmatic decision‐making strategy have been highlighted as its main strengths. This article will demonstrate that, despite the ideological changes that have taken place in its members, the Alliance will continue to be an important tool in these members' respective foreign policies. Precisely because of its pragmatism, the coming to power in Peru and Chile of governments critical of neoliberalism did not affect the development of the Pacific Alliance. Likewise, the political changes that have occurred more recently in Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru do not seem to imply a weakening of the of it. By contrast, following its pragmatic profile, the new ideological framework prevailing in the Alliance could serve to face the difficult situation and advance in bloc's process of deep integration.
Maize tubulin folding cofactor B is required for cell division and cell growth through modulating microtubule homeostasis
Authors: Zhou Qingqian , Fu Zhiyuan , Li Mengyuan , Shen Qingwen , Sun Canran , Feng Yijian , Liu Yang , Jiang Jianjun , Qin Tao , Mao Tonglin , Hearne Sarah Jane , Wang Guifeng , Tang Jihua 
Published: February 2023

Summary

Tubulin folding cofactors (TFCs) are required for tubulin folding, α/β tubulin heterodimer formation, and microtubule (MT) dynamics in yeast and mammals. However, the functions of their plant counterparts remain to be characterized.

We identified a natural maize crumpled kernel mutant, crk2, which exhibits reductions in endosperm cell number and size, as well as embryo/seedling lethality. Map‐based cloning and functional complementation confirmed that ZmTFCB is causal for the mutation.

ZmTFCB is targeted mainly to the cytosol. It facilitates α‐tubulin folding and heterodimer formation through sequential interactions with the cytosolic chaperonin‐containing TCP‐1 ε subunit ZmCCT5 and ZmTFCE, thus affecting the organization of both the spindle and phragmoplast MT array and the cortical MT polymerization and array formation, which consequently mediated cell division and cell growth. We detected a physical association between ZmTFCB and the maize MT plus‐end binding protein END‐BINDING1 (ZmEB1), indicating that ZmTFCB1 may modulate MT dynamics by sequestering ZmEB1.

Our data demonstrate that ZmTFCB is required for cell division and cell growth through modulating MT homeostasis, an evolutionarily conserved machinery with some species‐specific divergence.
A comprehensive metabolic map reveals major quality regulations in red‐flesh kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis)
Authors: Shu Peng , Zhang Zixin , Wu Yi , Chen Yuan , Li Kunyan , Deng Heng , Zhang Jing , Zhang Xin , Wang Jiayu , Liu Zhibin , Xie Yue , Du Kui , Li Mingzhang , Bouzayen Mondher , Hong Yiguo , Zhang Yang , Liu Mingchun 
Published: February 2023

Summary
Kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) is one of the popular fruits world‐wide, and its quality is mainly determined by key metabolites (sugars, flavonoids, and vitamins). Previous works on kiwifruit are mostly done via a single omics approach or involve only limited metabolites. Consequently, the dynamic metabolomes during kiwifruit development and ripening and the underlying regulatory mechanisms are poorly understood.
In this study, using high‐resolution metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses, we investigated kiwifruit metabolic landscapes at 11 different developmental and ripening stages and revealed a parallel classification of 515 metabolites and their co‐expressed genes into 10 distinct metabolic vs gene modules (MM vs GM). Through integrative bioinformatics coupled with functional genomic assays, we constructed a global map and uncovered essential transcriptomic and transcriptional regulatory networks for all major metabolic changes that occurred throughout the kiwifruit growth cycle.
Apart from known MM vs GM for metabolites such as soluble sugars, we identified novel transcription factors that regulate the accumulation of procyanidins, vitamin C, and other important metabolites.
Our findings thus shed light on the kiwifruit metabolic regulatory network and provide a valuable resource for the designed improvement of kiwifruit quality.
Beyond loss: An essay about presence and sparkling moments based on observations from life coexisting with a person living with dementia
Authors: Damsgaard Janne B. , Lauritzen Jette , Delmar Charlotte , Kvande Monica E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis is an essay based on a story with observations, about present and sparkling moments from everyday life coexisting with a mother living with dementia. The story is used to begin philosophical underpinnings reflecting on ‘how it could be otherwise’. Dementia deploys brutal existential experiences such as cognitive deterioration, decline in mental functioning and often hurtful social judgements. The person living with dementia goes through transformation and changes of self. Cognitive decline progressively disrupts the foundations upon which social connectedness is built, often creating a profound sense of insecurity. The challenge for carers and healthcare professionals is therefore to find ways of clarifying a concept of agency. It will be worthwhile developing the ability of attuning into ‘what is there’ arising from every corner of the care situation. Understanding and practicing this can strengthen existence and the experience of connectedness and meaning, empowering the person with dementia. It is important to find ways, relational moves, in which carers and healthcare professionals can embed the creativity appearing in mundane everyday situations filled with surplus of meaning, sharing mental landscapes (and embodied relational understanding) with the person living with dementia – seizing and sharing aesthetic moments (verbal and nonverbal) being present together. We argue that carers and healthcare professionals may find this understanding of care useful. This implies looking into a phenomenological‐hermeneutic perspective developing competences as well as practical wisdom understanding and being aware of the creative and innovative possibilities (often preverbal and unnoticed small things) in everyday life of what we, inspired by psychoanalyst Daniel Stern, call sparkling moments of meeting, creating experience with the other that is personally undergone and lived through in the present.
Gamma Nail Combined with One Cannulated Compression Screw Fixation for Treating Pauwels Type III Femoral Neck Fractures in Young and Middle‐Aged Adults: Clinical Follow‐Up and Biomechanical Studies
Authors: Wen Qiangqiang , Gu Feng , Su Zilong , Zhang Ke , Xie Xiaoping , Li Jiangbi , Sui Zhenjiang , Yu Tiecheng 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveRecently, some clinical studies have reported the use of an intramedullary nailing system for treating unstable femoral neck fractures or femoral neck fractures combined with femoral shaft fractures in young adults, and the results have indicated certain advantages. However, no study has investigated the mechanical properties of this method. We aimed to evaluate the mechanical stability and clinical efficacy of the Gamma nail combined with one cannulated compression screw (CCS) fixation for treating Pauwels type III femoral neck fracture in young and middle‐aged adults.MethodsThis study consists of two parts: a clinical retrospective study and randomized controlled biomechanical test. Twelve adult cadaver femora were used to test and compare the biomechanical properties among three fixation methods: three parallel CCS (group A), Gamma nail (group B), and Gamma nail combined with one cannulated compression screw (group C). The single continuous compression test, cyclic load test, and ultimate vertical load test were used to evaluate the biomechanical performance of the three fixation methods. We also conducted a retrospective study of 31 patients with Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures, including 16 patients with fractures fixed with three parallel CCS (CCS group) and 15 patients with fractures fixed with Gamma nail combined with one CCS (Gamma nail + CCS group). The patients were followed up for at least 3 years, and all were evaluated for surgical time (from skin incision to closure), surgical blood loss, hospital stay, and the Harris hip score.ResultsIn mechanical experiments, we have found that the mechanical advantages of Gamma nail fixation are not as good as those of conventional CCS fixation. However, the mechanical properties of Gamma nail fixation combined with one cannulated screw perpendicular to the fracture line are much better than those of Gamma nail fixation and CCS fixation. No significant difference was found in the incidence of femoral head necrosis and nonunion between the CCS and Gamma nail + CCS groups. Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference in the Harris hip scores between the two groups. One patient in the CCS group showed significant withdrawal of cannulated screws at 5 months after surgery, whereas in the Gamma nail + CCS group, all patients, including those with femoral neck necrosis, showed no loss of stability of the fixation.ConclusionAmong the two fixation methods evaluated in this study, Gamma nail combined with one CCS fixation showed better biomechanical properties and may reduce complications associated with unstable fixation devices.
Exporters' reaction to positive foreign demand shocks
Authors: Minondo Asier 
Published: February 2023

AbstractI use the quasi‐natural experiment of the 2018 African swine fever (ASF) outbreak in China to analyze swine exporters' reaction to a foreign market's positive demand shock. I use the universe of Spanish firms' export transactions to China and other countries and compare the performance of swine and other exporters before and after the ASF. The ASF almost tripled Spanish swine exporters' sales to China. The increase in exports to China positively impacted export revenue and survival in other foreign markets. This positive impact was especially intense for small swine exporters.
Novel findings on the anatomy of medial canthus in dogs
Authors: Saito Akihiko , Iwashita Hiroko 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeSevere entropion of the medial canthus results in ocular surface diseases and tear staining syndrome. However, detailed anatomical structures of the medial canthus and lacrimal ducts in dogs are poorly understood. We aimed to understand the anatomical structures of the medial canthus by analyzing the distances from the medial palpebral commissure to the superior lacrimal punctum (DSP) and to the inferior lacrimal punctum (DIP) and by histological examinations of the medial canthal anatomy.MethodsDogs that underwent modified medial canthoplasty (MMC) between April 2017 and March 2021 were studied. As a reference, non‐brachycephalic dogs that underwent other surgeries were also examined. DSP and DIP were measured preoperatively in all dogs in both the non‐everted and everted positions. Histological examinations of the medial canthal anatomy were performed in four eyes isolated from beagles.ResultsThe ratios of DIP to DSP (mean ± SD) at the non‐everted and everted positions in 242 MMC eyes of 126 dogs were 2.05 ± 0.46 and 1.05 ± 0.13, respectively (p < .01). The ratios of everted to non‐everted positions for DIP and DSP were 0.98 ± 0.21 and 1.93 ± 0.49, respectively (p < .01). Histological findings indicated that the orbicularis oculi muscle (OOM) circumjacent lacrimal canaliculus transformed into collagen fibers and were attached to the lacrimal bone.ConclusionsHistological studies revealed that the OOM circumjacent lacrimal canaliculus transformed into collagen fibers and these collagen fibers may be related to the difference between DSP and DIP.
The effect of age and mitigation strategies during hot water immersion on orthostatic intolerance and thermal stress
Authors: Steward Charles J. , Menzies Campbell , Clarke Neil D. , Harwood Amy E. , Hill Mathew , Pugh Christopher J. A. , Thake C. Douglas , Cullen Tom 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHot water immersion improves cardiovascular health and sporting performance, yet its adverse responses are understudied. Thirteen young and 17 middle‐aged adults (n = 30) were exposed to 2 × 30 min bouts of whole‐body 39°C water immersion. Young adults also completed cooling mitigation strategies in a randomized cross‐over design. Orthostatic intolerance and selected physiological, perceptual, postural and cognitive responses were assessed. Orthostatic hypotension occurred in 94% of middle‐aged adults and 77% of young adults. Young adults exhibited greater dizziness upon standing (young subjects, 3 out of 10 arbitrary units (AU) vs. middle‐aged subjects, 2 out of 10 AU), with four terminating the protocol early owing to dizziness or discomfort. Despite middle‐aged adults being largely asymptomatic, both age groups had transient impairments in postural sway after immersion (P < 0.05), but no change in cognitive function (P = 0.58). Middle‐aged adults reported lower thermal sensation, higher thermal comfort, and higher basic affect than young adults (all P < 0.01). Cooling mitigation trials had 100% completion rates, with improvements in sit‐to‐stand dizziness (P < 0.01, arms in, 3 out of 10 AU vs. arms out, 2 out of 10 AU vs. fan, 4 out 10 AU), lower thermal sensation (P = 0.04), higher thermal comfort (P < 0.01) and higher basic affect (P = 0.02). Middle‐aged adults were predominantly asymptomatic, and cooling strategies prevented severe dizziness and thermal intolerance in younger adults.
Pedometer Efficacy for Clinical Care in Pediatric Cardiology
Authors: Blais Angelica , Longmuir Patricia E. , Lougheed Jane 
Published: February 2023

Background: Physical activity is essential to the long-term health of children living with cardiac disease. The simplicity and cost of pedometers make them an attractive alternative to accelerometers for monitoring the physical activity behaviors of these children. This study compared measures obtained from commercial-grade pedometers and accelerometers. Methods: Pediatric cardiology outpatients (n = 41, mean age = 8.4 [3.7] y, 61% female) wore a pedometer and accelerometer daily for 1 week. Step counts and minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity were compared between devices, accounting for age group, sex, and diagnostic severity, using univariate analysis of variance. Results: While pedometer data were significantly correlated with accelerometers (r > .74, P < .001), measurements obtained were significantly different between devices. Overall, pedometers overestimated physical activity data. The overestimation of moderate to vigorous physical activity was significantly less among adolescents than younger age groups (P < .01, ). For step counts, there was a significant age by sex interaction observed where preschool and adolescent males tended to have greater differences between accelerometer and step count data than females (P < .01, ). Differences between devices were not associated with severity of diagnosis. Conclusions: The distribution of pedometers in a pediatric outpatient clinic was feasible, yet the data collected significantly overestimated physical activity, especially among younger children. Practitioners who want to introduce objective measurements as part of their physical activity counseling practice should use pedometers to monitor individual changes in physical activity and consider patient age before administering these devices for clinical care.
Changes in Pediatric Movement Behaviors During the COVID-19 Pandemic by Stages of Lockdown in Ontario, Canada: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Patel Priya , Li Xuedi , Keown-Stoneman Charles D.G. , Vanderloo Leigh M. , Kinlin Laura M. , Maguire Jonathon L. , Birken Catherine S. 
Published: February 2023

Background: Children’s movement behaviors have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic; however, little is known regarding movement behavior patterns over time by government-issued lockdowns. Our primary objective was to evaluate how children’s movement behaviors changed by stages of lockdown/reopening in Ontario, Canada, from 2020 to 2021. Methods: A longitudinal cohort study with repeated measures of exposure and outcomes was conducted. The exposure variables were dates from before and during COVID-19 when child movement behavior questionnaires were completed. Lockdown/reopening dates were included as knot locations in the spline model. The outcomes were daily screen, physical activity, outdoor, and sleep time. Results: A total of 589 children with 4805 observations were included (53.1% boys, 5.9 [2.6] y). On average, screen time increased during the first and second lockdowns and decreased during the second reopening. Physical activity and outdoor time increased during the first lockdown, decreased during the first reopening, and increased during the second reopening. Younger children (<5 y) had greater increases in screen time and lower increases in physical activity and outdoor time than older children (≥5 y). Conclusions: Policy makers should consider the impact of lockdowns on child movement behaviors, especially in younger children.
Antiphospholipid syndrome: advances in diagnosis, pathogenesis, and management
Authors: Knight Jason S , Branch D Ware , Ortel Thomas L 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a thrombo-inflammatory disease propelled by circulating autoantibodies that recognize cell surface phospholipids and phospholipid binding proteins. The result is an increased risk of thrombotic events, pregnancy morbidity, and various other autoimmune and inflammatory complications. Although antiphospholipid syndrome was first recognized in patients with lupus, the stand alone presentation of antiphospholipid syndrome is at least equally common. Overall, the diagnosis appears to affect at least one in 2000 people. Studies of antiphospholipid syndrome pathogenesis have long focused on logical candidates such as coagulation factors, endothelial cells, and platelets. Recent work has shed light on additional potential therapeutic targets within the innate immune system, including the complement system and neutrophil extracellular traps. Vitamin K antagonists remain the mainstay of treatment for most patients with thrombotic antiphospholipid syndrome and, based on current data, appear superior to the more targeted direct oral anticoagulants. The potential role of immunomodulatory treatments in antiphospholipid syndrome management is receiving increased attention. As for many systemic autoimmune diseases, the most important future direction is to more precisely identify mechanistic drivers of disease heterogeneity in pursuit of unlocking personalized and proactive treatments for patients.