bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate justice through climate finance? Lessons from Oceania
Authors: Morgan Edward A. , Petrou Kirstie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPacific Island Countries (PICs) are at the forefront of climate change and the movement for climate justice. However, in Western discourse, the PICs are often portrayed as small and isolated, which reinforces the idea that climate change impacts are primarily happening in places remote from wealthier nations. This, in turn, affects political relations and attitudes to climate action and justice. By contrast, Pacific world views focus on themes of genuine connection and kinship that are enduring and reciprocal, and more than simple political statements about ‘Pacific family’. Achieving climate justice in Oceania requires that we truly engage with Pacific understandings of family and connection. Here, we consider how these themes can be incorporated into carbon finance initiatives, which are key tools for achieving climate justice. In so doing, we examine how justice issues around carbon finance, including (1) accessibility and resources; (2) failure to understand ecological and social connections; and (3) loss of rights, privatisation, and enclosure of commons, could benefit from this approach. We conclude that learning from Pacific informed understandings of kin and connection would strengthen climate justice in Oceania and beyond, and enhance the tools employed to achieve it.
A cascaded three‐level buck‐LLC DC/DC converter with high power density for high‐frequency applications
Authors: Ji Baojian , Lou Qiongya , Hong Feng , Zhou Yufei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn distributed generation systems, converters play a vital role and DC/DC converter technology is constantly being promoted with the increasing demand for electrical equipment in various industries. A cascaded topology of DC/DC converter has been proposed in this paper, named three‐level Buck‐LLC(TL‐BLLC) converter. In the proposed TL‐BLLC, Buck and LLC circuit are cascaded by a switch and a diode, so that the input voltage of the LLC can be adjusted to three levels. The stability of the output voltage of the whole system depends on the three‐level weight, so the LLC works at fixed frequency, which simplifies the control and ensures the efficiency. At the same time, compared with the traditional cascaded Buck‐LLC, this structure can reduce the processing power and reduce the size of passive elements of the previous Buck. Finally, a 980 W experimental prototype was established and the results of the experiment verified the correctness of the theoretical analysis.
The Relationship Between Membrane Oxygenator Blood Path Pressure Drop and Hemolysis: An In-vitro Evaluation
Authors: Bearss Mark G. 
Published: August 2023

Plasma hemoglobin (pl-Hgb) production was measured for the Bard HF-5000 (n = 4), Sarns SMO (n =4) and Sarns Turbo (n =4) membrane oxygenators (MO), which were tested on separate closed-loop roller pump circuits to compare differences in hemolysis production as a function of pressure drop (P). The three oxygenators were selected because of their varied P characteristics. Circuits were prepared by clamping off the MO and then priming with freshly drawn, heparinized, filtered bovine blood that had an adjusted hemoglobin (Hgb) of 8.0 g/dL. Roller pump occlusions were set using a pressure transducer. To correct for hemolysis resulting from the roller pump in each oxygenator circuit, the blood was pumped through a bypass line around each MO for the first 90 minutes of each study. Blood flows were maintained at 4.0 L/min at a pressure of 200 mmHg and tests for pl-Hgb conducted at 30-minute intervals. Blood was then circulated through each MO for 180 minutes at outlet pressures of 200 mmHg. Total pl-Hgb values were corrected for flow and time in order to calculate a hemolysis index (HI) in grams of pl-Hgb generated per 100 L of blood pumped.
A weak correlation was demonstrated between P and HI (r = 0.69). This study suggests that variances in MO hemolysis are a function of design variables, such as membrane surface area, prime volume, and blood path length, rather than of P. The pl-Hgb generated from each MO was negligible when compared with typical pl-Hgb levels generated during routine cardiopulmonary bypass.
Comparison of Four Stainless Steel Heat Exchangers for Neonatal ECMO Applications
Authors: Darling Edward M. , King Curtis L. , Nanry Kathy , Smigla Greg , Shearer Ian R. 
Published: August 2023

Conventional neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) circuits utilize a heat exchanger distal to the oxygenator to replace ambient heat loss and maintain patient normothermia. A secondary function of the ECMO heat exchanger is to act as an arterial line bubble trap to protect the patient against accidental air embolism. Using an asanguinous recirculating test circuit, we measured and compared heat transfer properties, pressure drop, air trapping capabilities, and priming characteristics of four commercially available stainless steel heat exchangers currently being used in neonatal ECMO circuits: Avecor ECMOtherm, Gish HE-3, Gish HE-4, and Electromedics Dl079. Manufacturers' product specifications were also compared.
The pressure drop across all four heat exchangers was less than 10 mmHg with flow rates up to 500 ml/min. The Gish HE-3 and HE-4 were the easiest to prime and de-air, while the Electromedics Dl079 was the most difficult. The heat exchangers with integral bubble traps (D1079 and HE-4) have superior air trapping capabilities. The ECMOtherm provided moderate air trapping capabilities(> 7.3 ml ± 1.5 ml) at flow rates under 300 ml/min. The low prime HE-3 was the poorest at trapping air; less than 1 ml at a 400 ml/min pump flow rate. Thermal analysis indicated that the D1079 had the highest performance factor, though all four heat exchangers had similar heat transfer rates and were capable of warming perfusate from 34° to 37°C on a single pass at pump flow rates of 500 ml/min. We conclude that all four heat exchangers can adequately maintain patient normothermia in neonatal ECMO applications. There are, however, significant differences in priming volumes, air trapping capabilities, and manufacturers' recommended maximum use time.
Chancen und Herausforderungen der Digitalisierung bei der
Rehabilitation – Ergebnisse einer Befragung von
Rehabilitationseinrichtungen
Authors: Scharf Anna , Haug Sonja , Ritthaler Markus , Raptis Georgios 
Published: August 2023

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Ziel der Studie ist die Messung des Stands der
Digitalisierung und die mit einer Anbindung an die Telematikinfrastruktur
verbundenen Chancen und Herausforderungen für
Rehabilitationseinrichtungen.
Methodik Teilstandardisierte Online-Befragung bei Trägern von
Rehabilitationseinrichtungen in Bayern (n=33). Der Fragebogen mit 36
Fragen beinhaltet eine leicht veränderte Skala auf Basis des
„Electronic Medical Record Adoption Model (EMRAM)“.
Ergebnisse Der Digitalisierungsgrad wurde in 70 Prozent der
Rehabilitationseinrichtungen mit Stufe 0 angegeben (Stufenmodell bis 7). Die
Übermittlung patientenbezogener Daten (Eingang und Ausgang) erfolgt
häufig analog, wohingegen die Verarbeitung innerhalb der Einrichtung in
vielen Fällen bereits überwiegend digital ist. Beim Anschluss an
die Telematikinfrastruktur wird hoher Aufwand bei der Installation, aber auch
der Schulung des Personals und der Anpassung der Arbeitsorganisation
gesehen.
Schlussfolgerung Durch Änderung der gesetzlich-finanziellen Lage
in Deutschland eröffnen sich für Rehabilitationseinrichtungen
neue Möglichkeiten einer verstärkten Digitalisierung.
Hürden hängen mit Anforderungen an IT-Sicherheit, Schulung des
Personals und sowie dem ebenfalls geringen Digitalisierungsstand bei
Krankenhäusern und Ärzt*innen sowie
Patient*innen zusammen, die eine digitale Datenübermittlung
erschweren.
Medikamentöse Tumortherapie des mHSPC: Double- oder Tripletherapie: wer, wann und wie?
Authors: Paffenholz Pia , Roesch Marie Christine 
Published: August 2023

Zusammenfassung
Die alleinige Androgendeprivation (ADT) zur Therapie des metastasierten hormonsensitiven Prostatakarzinoms (mHSPC) stellt mittlerweile eine Ausnahme dar. Die derzeitige Standardtherapie des mHSPC besteht aus einer Kombination: entweder ADT + neuartigen Hormontherapie (NHT) oder ADT + Chemotherapie. Aufgrund neuester Studiendaten und einer entsprechenden Zulassung (in Deutschland) nimmt die dreifache Kombination bestehend aus ADT + NHT + Chemotherapie Einzug in die Therapie des mHSPC. Die komplexer werdende mHSPC-Therapie erfordert die prätherapeutische Einteilung in ein „low“ vs. „high risk“, „low“ vs. „high volume“ und synchron vs. metachron metastasiertes HSPC. Zudem muss das Nebenwirkungsprofil der einzelnen Optionen beachtet und insbesondere eingeschätzt werden, ob der Patient Chemotherapie-fit vs. -unfit ist. Diese Übersicht gibt einen prägnanten Überblick über die relevanten Studien sowie die entsprechenden derzeit gültigen Empfehlungen und Zulassungen für Deutschland.
DBU-Mediated Dimerization: Facile Access to 9,9′-Bifluorenylidenes and Isoindigos
Authors: Meesin Jatuporn , Purahong Nitchakan , Hongthong Sakchai , Chotsaeng Nawasit , Kuhakarn Chutima 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe present work describes the 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU)-promoted self-dimerization of 9-chlorofluorenes and 3-chlorooxindoles for the preparation of the corresponding 9,9′-bifluorenylidene and isoindigo derivatives in moderate to good yields of 29–97%. The reactions proceed readily in a short reaction time under mild and metal-free conditions. Scale-up syntheses (5.0 mmol) of selected 9,9′-bifluorenylidene derivatives proceed in decent yields, highlighting the synthetic utility of the reported protocol.
Stereogenic π-Conjugated Macrocycles: Synthesis, Structure, and Chiroptical Properties Including Circularly Polarized Luminescence
Authors: Hasegawa Masashi , Mazaki Yasuhiro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHighly symmetrical and aesthetically pleasing molecules have attracted the attention of organic chemists. We synthesized new highly symmetric stereogenic π-conjugated macrocycles with planar or axial chirality. Macrocyclic oligomers synthesized by Yamamoto coupling or Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling from the π-unit containing chirality. These cyclization reactions gave multiple oligomers in relatively high yields. We then elucidated their structures and investigated their chiroptical properties, including circular dichroism (CD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). Because of the selection rule for rigid and symmetric structures, these macrocycles exhibit a high dissymmetry factor (g
abs or g
lum) for circularly polarized light in CD or CPL. Several rigid cyclic compounds retain a highly symmetric structure in the excited state and exhibit higher g
lum values than common chiral organic compounds. This Account provides a brief background regarding chiroptical properties, followed by a summary of the various macrocycles synthesized in this study. We are glad if this Account will be a source of ideas not only for chemists working with π-conjugated compounds, but also for synthetic chemists working with chiral compounds, especially those engaged in asymmetric synthesis.1	Introduction2	Brief Description of Chiroptical Properties3	Stereogenic Macrocycle Based on [2.2]Paracyclophane3.1	Stereogenic Double-decker Oligothiophene3.2	Stereogenic Biselenophene Macrocycle3.3	Helical Oligophenylene Linked with [2.2]Paracyclophane4	Stereogenic Macrocycle Based on Binaphthyl4.1	Cyclic Oligomer of Chiral Binaphthyl4.2	Doubly Twisted Binaphthyl Dimer4.3	Cyclic Oligomer of Binaphthyl Extended with Paraphenylene4.4	Curved Helical Paraphenylene Anchoring Chiral Binaphthyl4.5	Binaphthyl-Hinged [5]-Helicene5	Summary
Acute and Sub-acute Oral Toxicity Assessment of Ferrum phosphoricum in Rats
Authors: Sharma Mahima , Behera Sangita , Regar Raj Kumar , Tripathi Deepika , Singh Satvinder , Kumar Narasimha G.V. , Gupta Pankaj 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background Ferrum phosphoricum (FP) has been used by traditional medicine practitioners for various ailments since ancient times. However, scientific evidence on the safety of FP is still unavailable. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate the acute and sub-acute oral toxicity of homeopathic FP in experimental rats.
Methods In an acute toxicity investigation, a single dose of 2,000 µL/kg of FP 6c, 30c and 200c was administered to female Wistar rats, which were monitored for up to 14 days according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guideline 423. For a sub-acute toxicity study, FP 6c, 30c and 200c (200 µL/kg) were administered to male and female rats for 28 days as per the OECD guideline 407. All the animals were observed for mortality, clinical signs and body weight during the study. At the end of the experiment, hematological, biochemical and histopathological assessments were performed.
Results During the acute toxicity study, no mortality was observed in rats administered with FP, and thus the median lethal dose (LD50) was identified as >2,000 µL/kg. In the sub-acute study, no mortality or adverse clinical signs were noticed with FP treatment. Moreover, weekly body weight gain was normal. Hematological and biochemical investigations revealed no abnormalities. Furthermore, histological analysis of FP-treated rats' vital organs revealed no pathological changes.
Conclusion Overall, our findings imply that FP 6c, 30c and 200c potencies are safe and do not cause toxicity when given orally to Wistar albino rats for an extended period at a dose of 200 µL/kg.
Online for On Call: A Study Assessing the Use of Internet Resources Including ChatGPT among On-Call Radiology Residents in India
Authors: Sethi Humsheer Singh , Mohapatra Satya , Mali Chayasmita , Dubey Roopak 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background The information-seeking behavior of the radiology residents on call has undergone modernization in the recent times given the advent of easy to access, reliable online resources, and robust artificial intelligence chatbots such as Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT).
Purpose The aim of this study was to conduct a baseline analysis among the residents to understand the best way to meet information needs in the future, spread awareness about the existing resources, and narrow down to the most preferred online resource.
Methods and Materials A prospective, descriptive study was performed using an online survey instrument and was conducted among radiology residents in India. They were questioned on their demographics, frequency of on call, fatigue experienced on call, and preferred information resources and reasons for choosing them.
Results A total of 286 residents participated in the survey. All residents had used the Internet radiology resources during on-call duties. The most preferred resource material was Radiopaedia followed by Radiology Assistant. IMAIOS e-Anatomy was the most preferred anatomy resource. There was significant (p < 0.05) difference in relation to the use of closed edit peer-reviewed literature among the two batches with it being used almost exclusively by third year residents. In the artificial intelligence-aided ChatGPT section, 61.8% had used the software at least once while being on call, of them 57.6% responded that the information was inaccurate, 67.2% responded that the information was insufficient to aid in diagnosis, 100% felt that the lack of images in the software made it an unlikely resource that would be used by them in the future, and 85.8% agreed that they would use it for providing reporting templates in the future. In the suggestions for upcoming versions, 100% responded that images should be included in the description provide by the chatbot, and 74.5% felt that references for the information being provided should be included as it reaffirms the reliability of the information.
Conclusions Presently, we find that Radiopaedia met most of the requirements as an ideal online radiology resource according to the residents. In the present-day scenario, ChatGPT is not considered as an important on-call radiology education resource first because it lacks images which is quintessential for a budding radiologist, and second, it does not have any reference or proof for the information that it is providing. However, it may be of help to nonmedical professionals who need to understand radiology in layman's terms and to radiologists for patient report preparation and research writing.
Variations of Redox Balance in Different Stages of Childhood Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Medovic Rasa H. , Srejovic Ivan M. , Medovic Marija V. , Milosavljevic Isidora M. , Nikolic Marina R. , Stojanovic Aleksandra Z. , Kuzmanovic Milos B. , Djurdjevic Predrag M. , Bolevich Sergey B. , Fisenko Vladimir P. , Jakovljevic Vladimir Lj. , Igrutinovic Zoran R. 
Published: August 2023

Background Few previous studies indicated the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), but there are little data regarding changes in redox balance in different forms of the disease, and changes after therapeutic procedures. We aimed to investigate the values of pro-oxidants and antioxidative capacity in various forms of ITP before and after the applying therapy.
Materials and Methods The research included 102 children, classified into the following groups: (1) newly diagnosed ITP (ndITP), (2) persistent ITP, (3) chronic ITP (chITP), and (4) control groups: (A) healthy control and (B) previously experienced ITP—healthy children who had been suffering from ITP earlier. During the clinical assessment, a blood sample was taken from the patients, from which the value of pro-oxidants (index of lipid peroxidation measured as TBARS, nitrites [NO2
−], as measurement of nitric oxide [NO] production, superoxide anion radical [O2
−], and hydrogen peroxide [H2O2]) and the capacity of antioxidant protection (activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and quantity of reduced glutathione) were determined spectrophotometrically.
Results Our results demonstrated that values of pro-oxidants, especially reflected through the TBARS and O2
−, were the highest in the ndITP and exacerbated chITP groups. Also, the activity of the endogenous antioxidative defense system was the lowest in these groups. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in the ndITP group exerted the most prominent effect on the redox balance.
Conclusion It can be concluded that severity and exacerbation of the ITP are closely related to the redox status.
Dance as a liberating practice into divine darkness?: A systematic theologian re-reads Philo of Alexandria’s descriptions of dance
Authors: Hellsten Laura 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this article, I show how a deeper understanding of Lived Theology can enrich discussions about historical dance practices. I elaborate on the teachings of Philo of Alexandria (c. 20 BCE–50) and how his descriptions of dancing indicate that such practices may be understood as worship and contemplation. I further suggest that dancing in Philo’s texts, especially On the Contemplative Life, can be understood as an exegetical practice. I describe how a supersessionist logic insensitive to traditions of Lived Theology has operated in the theological discourse on Philo and thus has been unable to recognise these dimensions of the described dancing.
Families of children with disabilities: income poverty, material deprivation, and unpaid care in the UK
Authors: Nicoriciu Ana Maria , Elliot Mark 
Published: August 2023

AbstractChild disability and provision of unpaid care by parents may contribute to a family’s poverty status. In this paper, using data from the Family Resources Survey-2018/19, a sample of 5451 families with dependent children was analysed. Sub-samples were created based on the groups of interest: child disability vs no child disability within the family and unpaid care vs no unpaid care for children with disabilities. Logistic regression models show sociodemographic factors have similar effects on children’s material deprivation and after housing costs poverty across all groups. In contrast, having children with no disability has higher odds of after housing costs poverty.
Digital holographic interferometry for diagnosing the density profile of laser-produced collisionless shock
Authors: Si Hua-chong , Tang Hui-bo , Liu Wei , Yuan Peng , Hu Guang-yue 
Published: August 2023

A digital holographic interferometry based on Fresnel biprism has been developed to measure the electron density profile of laser-produced collisionless shocks in laboratory, which used the Fourier transform method to solve the wrapped phase. The discontinuous surfaces of shocks will produce the break and split of the interference fringes, which cannot be processed by the conventional path-following phase unwrapping algorithm when reconstructing the real phase of the plasma. Therefore, we used a least-squares method to extract the real phase, which is proportional to the line-integrated electron density. We obtained fine density profiles of collisionless shocks in the line-integrated density region around 1018 cm−2 with a density resolution of 3.38 × 1016 cm−2. The shock structure is in well agreement with that measured by the dark-field schlieren methods and that predicted by shock jump condition. Synthetic holograms are used to confirm the effectiveness of our algorithm, and it is shown that correct results can still be obtained even if part of the diagnostic light is refracted out of the optical system by the shock.
Measurement setup to simultaneously explore the location and energy of trapped charges in thin polymer films
Authors: Mendoza-Lopez Duvan , Berquez Laurent , Boudou Laurent , Teyssedre Gilbert 
Published: August 2023

This research proposes a unique system that combines charge density measurements by the laser intensity modulation method with optically excited current acquisitions using the photo-stimulated discharge technique (PSD). The purpose of this setup is to investigate the relationship between space charge properties (such as density, spatial depth, and time evolution) and the photocurrent-associated energies in order to gain new insights into the trap population and detrapping mechanisms in thin polymer films. This paper presents a description of the technical principles of both methods as well as the whole combined system. The results on a 12 μm-thick polyethylene naphthalate film show pyroelectric currents, which after processing indicate the formation of homocharges whose magnitude and depth decrease after light irradiation. The PSD currents allow the identification of two major energy bands at 3.4 and 5.9 eV (360 and 207 nm, respectively), possibly related to charge detrapping. In addition, current transients during constant wavelength irradiation show that incident photons can interact differently with trapped charges depending on the applied field.
A convenient switch design for high time resolution and energy resolution in ion velocity imaging
Authors: Yu Tongpo , Yang Xinlang , Gao Zhi , Shan Baokun , Xu Lei , Zhou Xiaoguo , Liu Shilin 
Published: August 2023

Time-sliced velocity map imaging (VMI) has extensively been applied in photodissociation dynamics studies, thanks to its unique advantages, such as high energy resolution and no requirement of inverse Abel or Hankel transformations. However, its time resolution is generally insufficient for distinguishing adjacent m/z ions with a certain kinetic energy due to the overlapping of time-of-flight distributions. Herein, we have made a novel and convenient switch design for the common ion optics in three-dimensional (3D) VMI. By simply introducing two additional resistors out of the vacuum chamber, the strength ratio of the extraction and acceleration fields is easily changed from 3D VMI to two-dimensional (2D) VMI under optimized conditions, as well as a significant extension of free drift length, leading to a higher time resolution while maintaining the high energy resolution. As a result, 2D and 3D VMI can be quickly switched without breaking the vacuum and replacing the electrostatic plates.