bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demonstrating the empirical effect of population specificity of anthropological standards in a contemporary Australian population
Authors: Swift Lauren , Obertova Zuzana , Franklin Daniel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe ability to differentiate individuals based on their biological sex is essential for the creation of an accurate anthropological assessment; it is therefore crucial that the standards that facilitate this are likewise accurate. Given the relative paucity of population-specific anthropological standards formulated specifically for application in the contemporary Australian population, forensic anthropological assessments have historically relied on the application of established methods developed using population geographically and/or temporally disparate. The aim of the present paper is, therefore, to assess the accuracy and reliability of established cranial sex estimation methods, developed from geographically distinct populations, as applied to the contemporary Australian population. Comparison between the original stated accuracy and sex bias values (where applicable) and those achieved after application to the Australian population provides insight into the importance of having anthropological standards optimised for application in specific jurisdictions. The sample analysed comprised computed tomographic (CT) cranial scans of 771 (385 female and 386 male) individuals collected from five Australian states/territories. Cranial CT scans were visualised as three-dimensional volume-rendered reconstructions using OsiriX®. On each cranium, 76 cranial landmarks were acquired, and 36 linear inter-landmark measurements were calculated using MorphDB. A total of 35 predictive models taken from Giles and Elliot (1963), Iscan et al. (1995), Ogawa et al. (2013), Steyn and İşcan (1998) and Kranioti et al. (2008) were tested. Application to the Australian population resulted in an average decrease in accuracy of 21.2%, with an associated sex bias range between − 64.0 and 99.7% (average sex bias value of 29.6%), relative to the original studies. The present investigation has highlighted the inherent inaccuracies of applying models derived from geographically and/or temporally disparate populations. It is, therefore, imperative that statistical models developed from a population consistent with the decedent be used for the estimation of sex in forensic casework.
A longitudinal study on the effect of extreme temperature on non-accidental deaths in Hulunbuir City based on DLNM model
Authors: Gao Sheng , Yang Tian , Zhang Xiuhong , Li Guofeng , Qin Yuhan , Zhang Xiangnan , Li Jing , Yang Shengmei , Yin Minghui , Zhao Jufang , Wei Nana , Zhao Jing , li Li , Li Huan , Yue Xuanzhi , Zhang Wenyu , Jia Xinrui , Fan Yaochun , Liu Hongli 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective
To explore the frequency and effect of extreme temperature on the non-accidental death rate in Hulunbuir, a Chinese ice city.

Methods
From 2014 to 2018, mortality data of residents residing in Hulunbuir City were collected. The lag and cumulative effects of extreme temperature conditions on non-accidental death and respiratory and circulatory diseases were analyzed by distributed lag non-linear models (DLNM).

Results
The risk of death was the highest during high-temperature conditions, the RR value was 1.111 (95% CI 1.031 ~ 1.198). The effect was severe and acute. The risk of death during extreme low-temperature conditions peaked on the fifth day, (RR 1.057; 95% CI 1.012 ~ 1.112), then decreased and was maintained for 12 days. The cumulative RR value was 1.289 (95% CI 1.045 ~ 1.589). Heat significantly influenced the incidence of non-accidental death in both men (RR 1.187; 95% CI 1.059–1.331) and women (RR 1.252; 95% CI 1.085–1.445).

Conclusions
Regardless of the temperature effect, the risk of death in the elderly group (≥ 65 years) was significantly higher than that of the young group (0–64 years). High-temperature and low-temperature conditions can contribute to the increased number of deaths in Hulunbei. While high-temperature has an acute effect, low-temperature has a lagging effect. Elderly and women, as well as people with circulatory diseases, are more sensitive to extreme temperatures.
Does working in an extremely cold environment affects lung function?: 10 years follow-up
Authors: Velasco Garrido Marcial , Rentel Nadine , Herold Robert , Harth Volker , Preisser Alexandra M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study is to investigate whether there is an association between brief but repeated exposures to extremely cold temperatures over many years and pulmonary function.

Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis of the data collected over 10 years in the context of the extended medical examinations of storeworkers exposed to extremely cold temperatures. We considered forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), Tiffeneau-Pinelli index (FEV1/FVC), CO diffusion capacity (DL,CO) and Krogh-factor (CO diffusion capacity relative to recorded alveolar volume, DL,CO/VA) reported as %-predicted. We analysed trends in outcome parameters with linear mixed models.

Results
46 male workers participated in at least two extended medical examinations between 2007 and 2017. Overall 398 measure points were available. All lung function parameters had values above the lower limit of normality at the first examination. In the multivariate model including smoking status and monthly intensity of cold exposure (≤ 16 h/month vs. > 16 h/month) FEV1%-predicted and FVC %-predicted had a statistically significant positive slope (FEV1, 0.32% 95% CI 0.16% to 0.49% p < 0.001; FVC 0.43% 95% CI 0.28% to 0.57% p < 0.001). The other lung function parameters (FEV1/FVC %-predicted, DL,CO %-predicted, DL,CO/VA %-predicted) showed no statistically significant change over time.

Conclusions
Long term intermittent occupational exposure to extreme cold temperatures (-55 °C) does not appear to cause irreversible deleterious changes in lung function in healthy workers, thus the development of obstructive or restrictive lung diseases is not expected.
Abstract concepts and simulated competition
Authors: Nico Daniele , M. Borghi Anna , Tummolini Luca , Daprati Elena 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTo better understand the social determinants of conceptual knowledge we devised a task in which participants were asked to judge the match between a definition (expressed in abstract or concrete terms) and a target-word (also either abstract or concrete). The task was presented in the form of a competition that could/could not include an opponent, and in which different percentages of response rounds were assigned to the participant at the experimenter’s discretion. Thus, depending on the condition, participants were either exposed to a competitive context mimicking a privileged/unprivileged interaction with the experimenter or to a socially neutral setting. Results showed that manipulation of the social context selectively affected judgments on abstract stimuli: responses were significantly slower whenever a definition and/or a target word were presented in abstract form and when participants were in the favorable condition of responding in most of the trials. Moreover, only when processing abstract material, responses were slower when an opponent was expected to be present. Data are discussed in the frame of the different cognitive engagements involved when treating abstract and concrete concepts as well as in relation to the possible motivational factors prompted by the experimental set-up. The role of social context as a crucial element for abstract knowledge processing is also considered.
Cause of death and the autopsy rate in an elderly population
Authors: Latten Bartholomeus G. H. , Kubat Bela , van den Brandt Piet A. , zur Hausen Axel , Schouten Leo J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAutopsy
rates are declining, while major discrepancies between autopsies and clinical diagnoses remain. Still, little is known about the impact of suspected underlying diseases, for example, a diagnosis of cancer, on the autopsy rate. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between the clinical cause of death, a history of cancer, and the medical autopsy rate using data from the Netherlands Cohort Study on Diet and Cancer (NLCS), a large prospective cohort study with a long follow-up. The NLCS is a prospective study initiated in 1986 and includes 120,852 persons (58,279 males and 62,573 females), 55–69 years of age at the time of enrollment. The NLCS was linked with the Dutch Nationwide Pathology Databank (PALGA), the Dutch Population Register (GBA), the Netherlands Cancer Registry, and the causes of death registry (Statistics Netherlands). If applicable, the 95% confidence intervals were calculated. During the follow-up of the NLCS, 59,760 deaths were recorded by linkage with the GBA from 1991 until 2009. Of these, a medical autopsy was performed on 3736 deceased according to linkage with PALGA, resulting in an overall autopsy rate of 6.3%. Major variations in the autopsy rate were observed according to the cause of death. The autopsy rate increased according to the number of contributing causes of death. Lastly, a diagnosis of cancer affected the autopsy rate. The clinical cause of death and a history of cancer both influenced the medical autopsy rate in a large national cohort. The insight this study provides may help clinicians and pathologists counteracting the further downfall of the medical autopsy.
Wie resilient sind unsere Flüsse? – Grundlagen für die Erstellung eines Feststoffmanagementkonzepts am Beispiel der Gail
Authors: Schwarz Sabrina , Rindler Rolf , Poglitsch Hannes , Gmeiner Philipp , Habersack Helmut 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungDurch Eingriffe in Flussläufe für die Schifffahrt, Schutzfunktionen, menschliche Lebensräume oder durch das Abschmelzen der Gletscher verändert sich zwingend auch der Feststoffhaushalt, wodurch es Flüssen nicht mehr möglich ist, diesen ohne langfristige negative Auswirkungen selbst steuern zu können. Dadurch folgen Sohlhöhenänderungen, die sich in Eintiefungen oder Anlandungen widerspiegeln, die wiederum die Funktion des Flusses als Verkehrswasserstraße, die Hochwasser-Schutzfunktion und die geschaffenen Lebensräume gefährden. Oftmals wird versucht diesen Auswirkungen mit punktuellen Maßnahmen entgegenzusteuern, die dann meistens nur eine kurzfristige positive Wirkung zeigen. Um ein langfristiges, selbststeuerndes und dadurch dynamisches Flusssystem schaffen zu können, welches auch im Einklang mit den genannten Funktionen eines Flusses steht, sind resiliente Flüsse erstrebenswert. Ein resilienter Fluss befindet sich in einem dynamischen Gleichgewicht von Sedimentüberschüssen und -defiziten. Dafür sollen Feststoffmanagementkonzepte entwickelt werden. Ein funktionierendes Managementkonzept setzt ein umfassendes Verständnis über die Feststofftransportprozesse sowie den Sedimenteintrag und -austrag in einem Flusssystem voraus. Diese Prozesse können durch die Erstellung einer Feststoffbilanz ermittelt werden. Feststoffbilanzen wurden bereits weltweit an Flüssen durchgeführt, wie zum Beispiel am Rhein und der Isar in Deutschland, am Muga in Spanien, an der Rhone in Frankreich oder auch am Yellow River in China. Feststoffbilanzen können in unterschiedlichen zeitlichen und räumlichen Dimensionen erstellt werden. In diesem Artikel wird ein Fallbeispiel über die Grundlagen für die Erstellung eines Feststoffmanagementkonzepts der Gail in Kärnten dargestellt. Als Datengrundlage werden dafür Korngrößenanalysen, Sohlhöhen- und Kubaturanalysen und Analysen über die Geschiebetransportprozesse durchgeführt und damit eine Geschiebebilanz erstellt. Diese wird bereits durchgeführten Maßnahmen und Analysen gegenübergestellt, wodurch feststoffbezogene Abschnitte definiert werden, die die Grundlage für ein aktives und langfristiges Feststoffmanagement darstellen. Maßnahmen für einen resilienten Fluss sind Sedimentpufferzonen, die Remobilisierung von Sedimenten, angepasste Gerinnebreiten, eine angepasste Linienführung sowie ein kontinuierliches und langfristiges Feststoffmonitoring.
Lessons learned? Increasing injury severity of electric-scooter accidents over a period of one year: a monocentric follow-up study at a level 1 trauma center
Authors: Leyendecker Jannik , Hackl Michael , Leschinger Tim , Bredow Jan , Krane Felix , Eysel Peer , Müller Lars P. , Harbrecht Andreas 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
After major COVID-19 lockdown measures were suspended in 2021, E-scooter mobility regrew rapidly. In the meantime, multiple studies were published on the potential risks for e-scooter drivers and the necessity for wearing protective equipment. But did the drivers learn their lessons?

Methods
We observed data of E-scooter-related accidents admitted to the emergency department of a level 1 German trauma center in the year 2021 and compared the data with our previous report (July 2019-July 2020).

Results
N = 97 E-scooter-related accidents were included, marking a 50% increase when compared to the previous observation. Most patients were young adults (28.18 ± 1.13 years) with a notable shift towards a male population (25 vs. 63, p = 0.007). While the injury pattern remained unchanged, injury severity, reflected by a significant increase in shock room treatments (p = 0.005), hospital admissions (p = 0.45), and ICU admissions (p = 0.028), increased. Lastly, we report a higher injury severity of patients driving under the influence of alcohol, expressed by significant differences in hospital admissions, shock room treatments, ICU admissions, intracerebral bleeding (p < 0.0001), and injuries requiring surgery (p = 0.0017).

Conclusion
The increase in injury severity and especially the substantial number of accidents due to driving under the influence of alcohol, are alarming for both trauma- and neurosurgeons. As the controversy surrounding the general use of E-scooters will continue, we urge representatives to intensify their efforts regarding prevention campaigns focusing on the potential dangers of E-scooters, especially when driving under the influence of alcohol.
Determining primary stability for adhesively stabilized dental implants
Authors: Andersen Ole Zoffmann , Bellón Benjamin , Lamkaouchi Maryam , Brunelli Marzia , Wei Qiuju , Procter Philip , Pippenger Benjamin E. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To examine factors influencing the primary stability of dental implants when stabilized in over-sized osteotomies using a calcium phosphate-based adhesive cement was the objective.

Methods
Using implant removal torque measurements as a surrogate for primary stability, we examined the influence of implant design features (diameter, surface area, and thread design), along with cement gap size and curing time, on the resulting primary implant stability.

Results
Removal torque values scaled with implant surface area and increasing implant diameters. Cement gap size did not alter the median removal torque values; however, larger gaps were associated with an increased spread of the measured values. Among the removal torque values measured, all were found to be above 32 Ncm which is an insertion torque threshold value commonly recommended for immediate loading protocols.

Conclusion
The adhesive cement show potential for offering primary implant stability for different dental implant designs. In this study, the primary parameters influencing the measured removal torque values were the implant surface area and diameter. As the liquid cement prevents the use of insertion torque, considering the relationship between insertion and removal torque, removal torque can be considered a reliable surrogate for primary implant stability for bench and pre-clinical settings.

Clinical relevance
At present, the primary stability of dental implants is linked to the quality of the host bone, the drill protocol, and the specific implant design. The adhesive cement might find applications in future clinical settings for enhancing primary stability of implants under circumstances where this cannot be achieved conventionally.
Calculating of square-wave voltammograms—a practical on-line simulation platform
Authors: Gulaboski Rubin , Mirceski Valentin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Square-wave voltammetry (SWV) is a widely used technique for getting insight into mechanistic and kinetic aspects of various electrochemical reactions. To date, this pulse-voltammetric technique has been utilized in numerous electrochemical studies and it remains one of the most sophisticated electrochemical methods available. As a result of its higher sensitivity and its potential to provide insights similar to cyclic voltammetry for electrode mechanisms characterization, the SWV is increasingly being included in undergraduate electrochemistry laboratory curriculums. The features of experimental SW voltammograms are affected by various factors, such as kinetics of charge transfer, diffusion, adsorption phenomena, and chemical reactions coupled to electron transfer step. To understand some of the physical and chemical phenomena hidden in a single experimental SW voltammogram, it is inevitable to get a help of computer simulations. The purpose of this article is to offer a basic introduction to SWV written in a simple language, intended to engage students and familiarize them with the fundamentals of this technique. The ultimate objective is to provide the aspiring young electrochemists with a simulation procedure using the MATHCAD software, which can be employed to compute SW voltammograms following a rather easy simulation approach. A detailed tutorial on simulating SW voltammograms with MATHCAD software is presented. The simple tutorial offers a step-by-step breakdown of the simulation process of a square-wave voltammogram. Additionally, a MATHCAD ready-to-use file for simulation of a common electrode mechanism is provided. The current work aims to assist undergraduate students in learning about electrochemical simulations that serve as a corner stone to more advanced studies in SWV.
Concert experiences in virtual reality environments
Authors: Onderdijk Kelsey E. , Bouckaert Lies , Van Dyck Edith , Maes Pieter-Jan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSpurred by recent advances in digital technologies, virtual concerts have become established modes for event attendance and represent a rapidly growing segment of the music industry. Yet, up to now, general experience of virtual concert attendees remains largely underexplored. Here, we focus on a subcategory in this domain: music concerts in virtual reality (VR). Our approach is situated within the theoretical framework of embodied music cognition and entailed investigation through a survey study. Responses of seventy-four VR concert attendees were collected, consisting of demographics, motivations, experiences, and future perspectives. In contrast to previous research, which generally identified social connectedness as a main motivator for concert attendance, our sample regarded it as one of the least important incentives. On the other hand, in line with previous studies, ‘seeing specific artists perform’ and ‘uniqueness of the experience’, were pivotal. The latter was mostly fueled by the possibility to experience/interact with visuals and environments considered as unconceivable in the real world. Furthermore, 70% of our sample regarded VR concerts as ‘the future of the music industry’, mainly relating to the accessibility of such events. Positive evaluations of VR concert experiences, as well as future perspectives regarding the medium, were significantly influenced by the level of experienced immersivity. To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide such an account.
Conformal Predictive Distribution Trees
Authors: Johansson Ulf , Löfström Tuwe , Boström Henrik 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBeing able to understand the logic behind predictions or recommendations on the instance level is at the heart of trustworthy machine learning models. Inherently interpretable models make this possible by allowing inspection and analysis of the model itself, thus exhibiting the logic behind each prediction, while providing an opportunity to gain insights about the underlying domain. Another important criterion for trustworthiness is the model’s ability to somehow communicate a measure of confidence in every specific prediction or recommendation. Indeed, the overall goal of this paper is to produce highly informative models that combine interpretability and algorithmic confidence. For this purpose, we introduce conformal predictive distribution trees, which is a novel form of regression trees where each leaf contains a conformal predictive distribution. Using this representation language, the proposed approach allows very versatile analyses of individual leaves in the regression trees. Specifically, depending on the chosen level of detail, the leaves, in addition to the normal point predictions, can provide either cumulative distributions or prediction intervals that are guaranteed to be well-calibrated. In the empirical evaluation, the suggested conformal predictive distribution trees are compared to the well-established conformal regressors, thus demonstrating the benefits of the enhanced representation.
Implementing Integrated Early Childhood Mental Health Services in Primary Care: Relationships, Vision, and Sustainability
Authors: Nayak Sameera S. , Scoglio Arielle A. J. , Nandi Shurobhi , Anderson Kayla , Mirand Daphney , Roper Kate , Méndez-Peñate Larisa , Moulin Christy , Arty Malika , Molnar Beth E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Massachusetts Multi-City Young Children’s System of Care Project was a federally funded program to provide integrated early childhood mental health (ECMH) services in primary care for families of very young children (birth-six years old) with Serious Emotional Disturbances across three cities in Massachusetts, U.S.A. This study describes lessons learned from the implementation of this program and makes recommendations for best practices to improve the delivery and efficacy of ECMH services in primary care settings. Staff and leadership (n = 35) from 11 agencies (primary care practices, community service agencies, and local health departments) that co-implemented this program participated in focus groups and semi-structured key informant interviews. Thematic analysis was used to characterize specific facilitators and barriers to successfully implementing system-wide programming for ECMH. Four main themes were identified: (1) Strong multilevel working relationships are critical for integration, (2) Capacity-building activities can be leveraged to improve implementation, (3) Financial challenges are a primary barrier to building efficacious systems of care, and (4) Flexibility and resourcefulness can help overcome logistical challenges in integration. Implementation lessons learned may serve as guidance for other states and institutions in the U.S. seeking to improve the integration of ECMH services into primary care. They may also provide strategies to adapt and scale these interventions to improve the mental health and well-being of young children and their families.