bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of intraoperative touch imprint cytology and immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of metastatic malignancies in the central nervous system: Cyto‐histomorphological findings and differential diagnosis
Authors: Koyuncuer Ali 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundBrain metastases (BMs) are intracranial neoplasms that are more common in adults than primary brain tumors, causing significant mortality and morbidity in cancer patients. This study aimed to evaluate the definitive histopathological diagnosis using touch imprint cytology and the importance and use of immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of primary origin.MethodCytological, paraffin section, and immunohistochemical study slides of all metastatic brain tumors consecutively consulted at the pathology department between 2018 and 2023 were evaluated. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of patients' diagnostic results who underwent imprint cytology were compared based on the final diagnosis histopathological report.ResultsA total of 45 patients with and without intraoperative consultation were included in the study. The definitive histopathologic diagnosis and the diagnostic accuracy rate of imprint cytology for distinguishing glial and metastatic tumors on paraffin sections was 100%. Immunohistochemistry was performed in all patients (except one patient; immediate exitus) and histological classification of the primary tumor was performed by analysis of clinical findings and biomarkers. The primary origins of metastatic tumors were often lung and breast, with adenocarcinoma subtype histomorphology, cerebral hemispheres, and discrete foci of metastasis.ConclusionTPs is a simple and rapid technique that supports diagnosis in intraoperative neuropathology and is a very cost‐effective procedure. The pathologist's experience is the key factor in the diagnosis and reduces the need for a frozen section. In our series, the final histopathologic correlation of imprint cytology in the diagnosis of primary and metastatic tumors is 100%.
IgG N‐glycans are associated with prevalent and incident complications of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Memarian Elham , Heijmans Ralph , Slieker Roderick C. , Sierra Adriana , Gornik Olga , Beulens Joline W. J. , Hanic Maja , Elders Petra , Pascual Julio , Sijbrands Eric , Lauc Gordan , Dotz Viktoria , Barrios Clara , ’t Hart Leen M. , Wuhrer Manfred , van Hoek Mandy 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAims/HypothesisInflammation is important in the development of type 2 diabetes complications. The N‐glycosylation of IgG influences its role in inflammation. To date, the association of plasma IgG N‐glycosylation with type 2 diabetes complications has not been extensively investigated. We hypothesised that N‐glycosylation of IgG may be related to the development of complications of type 2 diabetes.MethodsIn three independent type 2 diabetes cohorts, plasma IgG N‐glycosylation was measured using ultra performance liquid chromatography (DiaGene n = 1815, GenodiabMar n = 640) and mass spectrometry (Hoorn Diabetes Care Study n = 1266). We investigated the associations of IgG N‐glycosylation (fucosylation, galactosylation, sialylation and bisection) with incident and prevalent nephropathy, retinopathy and macrovascular disease using Cox‐ and logistic regression, followed by meta‐analyses. The models were adjusted for age and sex and additionally for clinical risk factors.ResultsIgG galactosylation was negatively associated with prevalent and incident nephropathy and macrovascular disease after adjustment for clinical risk factors. Sialylation was negatively associated with incident diabetic nephropathy after adjustment for clinical risk factors. For incident retinopathy, similar associations were found for galactosylation, adjusted for age and sex.ConclusionsWe showed that IgG N‐glycosylation, particularly galactosylation and to a lesser extent sialylation, is associated with a higher prevalence and future development of macro‐ and microvascular complications of diabetes. These findings indicate the predictive potential of IgG N‐glycosylation in diabetes complications and should be analysed further in additional large cohorts to obtain the power to solidify these conclusions.
Demographic responses of hybridizing cinquefoils to changing climate in the Colorado Rocky Mountains
Authors: Carscadden Kelly A. , Doak Daniel F. , Oldfather Meagan F. , Emery Nancy C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHybridization between taxa generates new pools of genetic variation that can lead to different environmental responses and demographic trajectories over time than seen in parental lineages. The potential for hybrids to have novel environmental tolerances may be increasingly important in mountainous regions, which are rapidly warming and drying due to climate change. Demographic analysis makes it possible to quantify within‐ and among‐species responses to variation in climate and to predict population growth rates as those conditions change. We estimated vital rates and population growth in 13 natural populations of two cinquefoil taxa (Potentilla hippiana and P. pulcherrima) and their hybrid across elevation gradients in the Southern Rockies. Using three consecutive years of environmental and demographic data, we compared the demographic responses of hybrid and parental taxa to environmental variation across space and time. All three taxa had lower predicted population growth rates under warm, dry conditions. However, the magnitude of these responses varied among taxa and populations. Hybrids had consistently lower predicted population growth rates than P. hippiana. In contrast, hybrid performance relative to P. pulcherrima varied with population and climate, with the hybrid maintaining relatively stable growth rates while populations of P. pulcherrima shrank under warm, dry conditions. Our findings demonstrate that hybrids in this system are neither intrinsically unfit nor universally more vigorous than parents, suggesting that the demographic consequences of hybridization are context‐dependent. Our results also imply that shifts to warmer and drier conditions could have particularly negative repercussions for P. pulcherrima, which is currently the most abundant taxon in the study area, possibly as a legacy of more favorable historical climates. More broadly, the distributions of these long‐lived taxa are lagging behind their demographic trajectories, such that the currently less common P. hippiana could become the most abundant of the Potentilla taxa as this region continues to warm and dry.
Long‐distance gene flow in Acacia senegal: Hope for disturbed and fragmented populations
Authors: Omondi Stephen F. , Githae Eunice W. , Khasa Damase P. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEven though pollen and seed dispersals are some of the important factors that determine tree species survival across landscapes, gene dispersal data of important tropical dryland tree species such as Acacia senegal that are undergoing various population disturbances remain scarce. Understanding patterns of gene dispersal in these ecosystems is important for conservation, landscape restoration and tree improvement. We investigated pollen and seed mediated gene flow in two A. senegal populations of contrasting state (less disturbed and heavily disturbed) using nine microsatellites and 128 genotyping‐by‐sequencing single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) multilocus genotypes of two growth stages (juvenile and adult trees) and their spatial locations. We performed parentage assignments using likelihood approach and undertook spatial genetic structure (SGS) analyses for the two growth stages through correlation among kinship coefficients and geographical distances between pair of individuals. The SNPs showed higher resolving power and assignment rates than microsatellites; however, a combination of the two marker‐types improved the assignment rate and provided robust parentage assessments. We found evidence of long‐distance (up to 210 m) pollination events for both populations; however, the majority of seed dispersal was found closer to the putative maternal parent. On average, parentage analysis showed high amounts of pollen (40%) and seed (20%) immigration in both populations. Significant positive SGS was found only for the adult cohorts in the less disturbed population for distance classes 20 and 40 m, indicating historical short‐distance seed dispersals. Our results suggest long‐distance gene flow within the species and we recommend conservation of remnant and isolated populations or individual trees to promote genetic connectivity.
Association of patent foramen ovale with epilepsy: A hospital‐based case–control study
Authors: Tang Yusha , Ji Shuming , Li Hua , Dong Bosi , Li Yajiao , Zhu Chenxing , Chen Lei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the proportion of patent foramen ovale (PFO) in people with epilepsy (PWE) compared to controls without epilepsy and to assess whether PWEs with and without PFO exhibit distinctive clinical features.MethodsThis is a case–control study conducted in a hospital. Contrast transthoracic echocardiography with a venous microbubble bolus and provocative maneuvers (Valsalva and coughing) were used to identify PFO and its right‐to‐left shunt (RLS) among 741 PWEs and 800 controls without epilepsy. The risk of having PFO in PWEs was explored using multiple matching methods and logistic regression with adjusted congenital factors that may affect the occurrence of PFO.ResultsThe proportion of PFO in PWEs and controls was 39.00% and 24.25%, respectively. After 1:1 propensity score matching, the risk of suffering PFO in PWEs was 1.71 times (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.24–2.36) higher than that in controls. PWEs also had a higher risk of having a high RLS grade (βepilepsy = 0.390, P < 0.001). Among clinical characteristics of PWEs, migraine, and drug‐resistant epilepsy showed significantly different distributions between those without RLS and those with RLS grade I to III. PWEs with PFO had higher risk of suffering from migraine and drug‐resistant epilepsy (OR in migraine, 2.54, 95% CI, 1.65–3.95; OR in drug‐resistant epilepsy, 1.47, 95% CI, 1.06–2.03).SignificanceThe proportion of PFO was found to be higher in PWE than in controls without epilepsy, especially in patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy, suggesting potential relationship between the two disorders. Large multicentric study will be needed to confirm this finding.
Effect of cross walls on the interaction curves of the unreinforced masonry walls
Authors: Patel Kaushal P. , Dubey R. N. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDuring the earthquake, masonry walls are subjected to both in‐plane and out‐of‐plane loading. The walls are interconnected in the masonry buildings at the corners and other locations. The cross walls connected to the main walls considerably affect the behavior of the masonry walls, which has not been paid enough attention to in previous studies. Therefore, the present study focuses on the effect of cross walls on the interaction curves of unreinforced masonry walls. The interaction curves have been obtained by applying the out‐of‐plane pressure to the walls, followed by the uniform in‐plane displacement at its top. Both in‐plane and out‐of‐plane loads are applied unidirectionally on the walls. The walls have been analyzed in the finite element software Abaqus using the simplified micro‐modeling approach. Masonry walls with cross‐sections of rectangular shape, C shape, H shape, and T shape have been considered herein. Further, the effect of varying aspect ratios and pre‐compressions on the interaction curves of the walls has been assessed. An empirical equation has been proposed to obtain the interaction curves of the masonry walls of different shapes, which depends on the aspect ratio and pre‐compression applied to the walls. It has been observed that the in‐plane strengths of the walls are sensitive to the pressure applied in the out‐of‐plane direction on them. The in‐plane strength of the walls reduces rapidly after exceeding the critical out‐of‐plane pressure. Further, it has been found that the shapes of the walls also significantly impact the interaction curves of the masonry walls. The cross walls connected to the main wall noticeably affect the walls' strength and stiffness as well.
Theoretical investigation on the impact effect in dynamic analysis of self‐centering pier system based on the Hertz contact‐pounding model
Authors: Zhang Pu , Li Suchao , Zhang Dongyu , Yan Xueyuan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe self‐centering (SC) pier system exhibits different mechanical behaviors under an earthquake compared with that in quasi‐static experiments, especially the impact effect on the rocking interface. Published theoretical analysis and experiments had indicated that the impact events significantly affected the rocking motion, including extra energy dissipation, greater contact stress, and even more serious damage. To describe the impact mechanism more clearly and obtain the impact responses more directly, this study investigates a dynamic theoretical model considering the impact effect and its influences on the seismic responses and rocking interface. First, a dynamic theoretical model based on the Hertz contact‐pounding model specific to the SC pier system is proposed, and the impact mechanism is described in detail. Subsequently, dynamic motion equations considering the impact effect are derived. The key parameters of the contact‐pounding element (stiffness KHertz and damping CHertz) that significantly affect the impact process are presented. The accuracy of the proposed theoretical model is verified by test data and a finite element model (FEM). Finally, the influences of the key parameters (KHertz and CHertz) on the impact force are analyzed, and the impact effect on the rocking interface is investigated. The results indicate that the impact effect significantly increases the vertical acceleration and contact stress, particularly under near‐fault earthquakes. This may cause unexpected damage on the rocking interface and should be an important consideration in the optimize design of SC pier system.
Provenance and transport of supraglacial debris revealed by variations in debris geochemistry on Khumbu Glacier, Nepal Himalaya
Authors: Kirkbride Martin P. , Sherriff Sophie C. , Rowan Ann V. , Egholm David L. , Quincey Duncan J. , Miles Evan , Hubbard Bryn , Miles Katie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe origin of supraglacial debris covers is often conceptualised as the formation of a surface lag by melt‐out of englacial debris from slow‐moving ice, where complexity arises from feedback between debris thickness and sub‐debris ice melt. Here, we examine the origin of a debris cover from the perspective of debris provenance and changing tributary supply in a high‐elevation compound valley glacier. Geochemical analysis of 11 major elements in 21 debris samples from six tributaries of Khumbu Glacier (Nepal) shows unambiguous statistical differentiation of debris sources reflecting lithological differences between tributary catchments. Twenty‐four samples from transects across the ablation area are partitioned according to their source areas using the FR2000 sediment unmixing model. We estimate the age of ice at each transect using a higher order ice flow model. The results show greater proportions of debris from lateral tributaries in downglacier locations that have experienced longer flowline histories. More recently, ice from the Main Himalayan Divide (Western Cwm) has become relatively more important. This suggests a change in the state of the lower glacier's structure depending on the relative ice discharges of lateral and divide sources. Ice flux from lower elevation tributaries was more important probably prior to a weakening of the Indian Summer Monsoon at around 1420 CE. The lower elevation tributaries lie within the range of late Holocene equilibrium line altitude variation and therefore respond most sensitively to climatic drivers of the glacier's flow structure. Negative glacier mass balance since around 1900 CE caused tributary glaciers to detach and high‐elevation catchments to re‐establish as the dominant ice source to Khumbu Glacier.
The pharmacology and therapeutic role of cannabidiol in diabetes
Authors: Zhang Jin , Lin Cong , Jin Sha , Wang Hongshuang , Wang Yibo , Du Xiubo , Hutchinson Mark R. , Zhao Huiying , Fang Le , Wang Xiaohui 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn recent years, cannabidiol (CBD), a non‐psychotropic cannabinoid, has garnered substantial interest in drug development due to its broad pharmacological activity and multi‐target effects. Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease that can damage multiple organs in the body, leading to the development of complications such as abnormal kidney function, vision loss, neuropathy, and cardiovascular disease. CBD has demonstrated significant therapeutic potential in treating diabetes mellitus and its complications owing to its various pharmacological effects. This work summarizes the role of CBD in diabetes and its impact on complications such as cardiovascular dysfunction, nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy. Strategies for discovering molecular targets for CBD in the treatment of diabetes and its complications are also proposed. Moreover, ways to optimize the structure of CBD based on known targets to generate new CBD analogues are explored.
Exploring the phenolic profile, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties of walnut leaves (Juglans regia L.)
Authors: Altemimi Ammar B. , Al‐haliem Siba Mouid , Alkanan Zina T. , Mohammed Muthanna J. , Hesarinejad Mohammad Ali , Najm Mazin A. A. , Bouymajane Aziz , Cacciola Francesco , Abedelmaksoud Tarek Gamal 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to identify phenolic compounds in walnut leaves from northern Iraq and evaluate their ability to act as antibacterial and antioxidant agents. Phenolic compounds were determined by reversed‐phase HPLC. Antibacterial activity was tested against various bacteria. Antioxidant properties were evaluated by various assays, including reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity. The HPLC profiles of walnut leaf fractions revealed quercetin, hydroquinone, 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid, and caffeic acid in three fractions. The inhibitory activity of DPPH was determined as 47.66, 32.41, and 51.90 μg/mL for fractions I, II, and III, respectively. For ferric reducing power activity, fraction II > fraction III > fraction I and the FRAP activity was observed as 64.43, 73.19, and 68.18 μg/mL for fractions I, II, and III, respectively. All extracted fractions had antibacterial properties against all bacterial strains tested. Observations showed that fraction I was able to produce similar zones of inhibition as streptomycin in most cases. These results suggest that the fractions of this plant extract are plausible natural antioxidants that could be used as prime candidates for the synthesis of antioxidant drugs that can be used for the treatment of many oxidative stress‐related diseases.
Collateral sensitivity: An evolutionary trade‐off between antibiotic resistance mechanisms, attractive for dealing with drug‐resistance crisis
Authors: Yekani Mina , Azargun Robab , Sharifi Simin , Nabizadeh Edris , Nahand Javid Sadri , Ansari Navideh Karimi , Memar Mohammad Yousef , Soki Jozsef' 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe discovery and development of antimicrobial drugs were one of the most significant advances in medicine, but the evolution of microbial resistance limited the efficiency of these drugs.AimThis paper reviews the collateral sensitivity in bacteria and its potential and limitation as a new target for treating infections.Results and DiscussionKnowledge mechanisms of resistance to antimicrobial agents are useful to trace a practical approach to treat and control of resistant pathogens. The effect of a resistance mechanism to certain antibiotics on the susceptibility or resistance to other drugs is a key point that may be helpful for applying a strategy to control resistance challenges. In an evolutionary trade‐off known as collateral sensitivity, the resistance mechanism to a certain drug may be mediated by the hypersensitivity to other drugs. Collateral sensitivity has been described for different drugs in various bacteria, but the molecular mechanisms affecting susceptibility are not well demonstrated. Collateral sensitivity could be studied to detect its potential in the battle against resistance crisis as well as in the treatment of pathogens adapting to antibiotics. Collateral sensitivity‐based antimicrobial therapy may have the potential to limit the emergence of antibiotic resistance.
Comparison of recent updates in genetics, immunology, biomarkers, and neuroimaging of primary‐progressive and relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis and the role of ocrelizumab in the management of their refractory cases
Authors: Prajjwal Priyadarshi , Marsool Mohammed Dheyaa Marsool , Asharaf Shahnaz , Inban Pugazhendi , Gadam Srikanth , Yadav Rukesh , Vora Neel , Nandwana Varsha , Marsool Ali Dheyaa Marsool , Amir Omniat 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrimary‐progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) and relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) are two frequent multiple sclerosis (MS) subtypes that involve 10%–15% of patients. PPMS progresses slowly and is diagnosed later in life. Both subtypes are influenced by genetic and environmental factors such as smoking, obesity, and vitamin D insufficiency. Although there is no cure, ocrelizumab can reduce symptoms and delay disease development. RRMS is an autoimmune disease that causes inflammation, demyelination, and disability. Early detection, therapy, and lifestyle changes are critical. This study delves into genetics, immunology, biomarkers, neuroimaging, and the usefulness of ocrelizumab in the treatment of refractory patients of PPMS.MethodIn search of published literature providing up‐to‐date information on PPMS and RRMS, this review conducted numerous searches in databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, and Scopus. We looked into genetics, immunology, biomarkers, current breakthroughs in neuroimaging, and the role of ocrelizumab in refractory cases.ResultsOur comprehensive analysis found considerable advances in genetics, immunology, biomarkers, neuroimaging, and the efficacy of ocrelizumab in the treatment of refractory patients.ConclusionEarly detection, timely intervention, and the adoption of lifestyle modifications play pivotal roles in enhancing treatment outcomes. Notably, ocrelizumab has demonstrated potential in symptom control and mitigating the rate of disease advancement, further underscoring its clinical significance in the management of MS.