bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ParSe 2.0: A web tool to identify drivers of protein phase separation at the proteome level
Authors: Wilson Colorado , Lewis Karen A. , Fitzkee Nicholas C. , Hough Loren E. , Whitten Steven T. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe have developed an algorithm, ParSe, which accurately identifies from the primary sequence those protein regions likely to exhibit physiological phase separation behavior. Originally, ParSe was designed to test the hypothesis that, for flexible proteins, phase separation potential is correlated to hydrodynamic size. While our results were consistent with that idea, we also found that many different descriptors could successfully differentiate between three classes of protein regions: folded, intrinsically disordered, and phase‐separating intrinsically disordered. Consequently, numerous combinations of amino acid property scales can be used to make robust predictions of protein phase separation. Built from that finding, ParSe 2.0 uses an optimal set of property scales to predict domain‐level organization and compute a sequence‐based prediction of phase separation potential. The algorithm is fast enough to scan the whole of the human proteome in minutes on a single computer and is equally or more accurate than other published predictors in identifying proteins and regions within proteins that drive phase separation. Here, we describe a web application for ParSe 2.0 that may be accessed through a browser by visiting https://stevewhitten.github.io/Parse_v2_FASTA to quickly identify phase‐separating proteins within large sequence sets, or by visiting https://stevewhitten.github.io/Parse_v2_web to evaluate individual protein sequences.
Statistical investigation on the characteristics of hazardous chemical accidents in special work in China from 2008 to 2021
Authors: Zhou Jiling , Liu Limin , Su Yanna , Liang Rujun , Feng Jianzhu , Wang Xin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSpecial work involves hot work, confined space, blinding‐pipeline operation with stop plate, work at height, lifting work, temporary electricity, excavation work, work for road breaking, and other work, which may cause harm or damage to the operators themselves, surrounding buildings, equipment, and facilities. In this article, we conducted a statistical investigation on 154 large and above hazardous chemical accidents that occurred between 2008 and 2021 in China, and found that there were 58 accidents that occurred in special work alone, accounting for 37.7% of the total number of accidents. However, at present, no statistical analysis has been conducted on the characteristics of special work accidents in China. Therefore, this paper analyzes the special work accidents in terms of six aspects: categories of special work, industry distribution, enterprise scales, provincial location distribution, time‐volatility characteristics, and accident causes. Moreover, this article puts forward countermeasures and suggestions, aiming to provide useful information for the prevention of special work accidents in China.
Gut bacterial diversity in Vespa velutina and implications for potential adaptation in South Korea
Authors: Do Yuno , Park Woong‐Bae , Park Jun‐Kyu , Kim Chang‐Jun , Choi Moon Bo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDInvasive species such as the yellow‐legged hornet (Vespa velutina), along with four other Vespa species – Vespa analis, Vespa crabro, Vespa ducalis, and Vespa mandarinia – pose significant threats to the environment, economy, and human health. This study focuses on understanding the key factors contributing to the successful invasion of these species, particularly V. velutina, in South Korea. The analysis encompasses the gut bacterial communities and stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen of the queen hornets, aiming to identify variances in gut microbial composition and food resource utilization.RESULTSThe gut bacterial communities in the five Vespa species were primarily composed of Proteobacteria, with Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes present. Vespa velutina and V. mandarinia had higher Firmicutes abundance at the phylum level, possibly indicating an increased capacity for dietary fiber breakdown and short‐chain fatty acid production, providing them with a competitive edge. No significant differences in nitrogen and carbon stable isotope values were found among the five Vespa species, suggesting that they fed on similar food sources. However, V. velutina had a higher number of unique gut bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs), implying adaptation through the acquisition of a distinct gut bacterial set. Significant correlations were found between the observed index and the Shannon index, and between δ15N and the observed index, suggesting that the food source diversity may influence the gut bacterial community diversity.CONCLUSIONOur study offered valuable insights regarding the adaptation of V. velutina to its new environment in South Korea. The potential role of gut microbiota in the success of invasive species was elucidated. This information is crucial for the management of invasive species, targeted control methods, and implementing preventive regulations. Further studies with larger sample sizes and comprehensive sampling are required to gain a complete understanding of the gut microbiota of Vespa species and their adaptation to new environments. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Active packaging to prevent lipid oxidation on Brazil nuts (Bertholletia excelsa HBK) stored under varying temperatures
Authors: Leme Camila Maria Marinho , de Carvalho Amarilis Santos , de Carvalho Rodrigues Vanessa , dos Santos Adriele Rodrigues , Tanamati Ailey Aparecida Coelho , Gonçalves Odinei Hess , Valderrama Patrícia , Leimann Fernanda Vitória 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBrazil nuts are largely consumed either as a whole or as an ingredient in different food products. These seeds are rich in lipids that are susceptible to oxidation, which is the most common cause of deterioration in their sensory and nutritional quality. Active food packagings are a potential strategy to prevent food lipid oxidation. In this work, thermoplastic starch/poly (butylene adipate–co–terephthalate) (TPS/PBAT) containing water‐soluble curcumin and pinhão (Araucaria angustifolia) extract as natural antioxidants were used to package Brazil nuts (Bertholletia excelsa). Packaged nuts were stored under different temperatures and analysed for up to 30 days of storage. The lipid profile of the oil extracted from the nuts before packaging showed that it is rich in unsaturated fatty acids. The UV–Vis spectra were organized into an augmented matrix and then into a principal component analysis (PCA). Results showed that for 10°C, the control TPS/PBAT film and the film containing pinhão extract resulted in the best preservation. When evaluated at 25°C, the nuts packed in films that contained water‐soluble curcumin presented the best oxidative stability until the 15th day of storage. After this period, the oxidation reactions were significant for all samples, indicating a possible compromise on the sensory and nutritional quality of Brazil nuts.
Comparison of robotic and open central pancreatectomy
Authors: Wang Man‐Ling , Shyr Bor‐Shiuan , Chen Shih‐Chin , Wang Shin‐E , Shyr Yi‐Ming , Shyr Bor‐Uei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundCentral pancreatectomy (CP) is an ideal parenchyma‐sparing procedure. The experience of r robotic central pancreatectomy (RCP) is very limited.Materials and MethodsPatients undergoing CP were included. Comparisons were made between RCP and open central pancreatectomy (OCP) groups.ResultsThe most common lesion in patients undergoing CP was serous cystadenoma (35.5%). The median operation time was 4.2 h for RCP versus 5.5 h for OCP. The median blood loss was significantly lower in RCP, 20 c.c. versus 170 c.c., p = 0.001. Postoperative pancreatic fistula occurred in 19.4% of all patients, with 22.1% in RCP and 15.4% in OCP. There was no significant difference regarding other surgical complications between the RCP and OCP groups. Only one patient in the OCP group developed de novo diabetes mellitus (DM), and no steatorrhoea/diarrhoea occurred after either RCP or OCP.ConclusionsRCP is feasible and safe without compromising surgical outcomes and pancreatic functions.
Appraisal of evidence reliability and applicability of Paxlovid as treatment for SARS‐COV‐2 infection: A systematic review
Authors: Zhu Chang‐tai , Yin Jian‐Yun , Chen Xiao‐hua , Liu Ming , Yang Shi‐gui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to clarify the beneficial effect and the clinical application value of Paxlovid in the treatment of coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) through a systematic review. Databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, and ClinicalTrials.gov were systematically searched for interventional or observational studies on the efficacy and safety of Paxlovid in the treatment of SARS‐COV‐2. The relative and absolute effect sizes for the outcomes were calculated based on the data reported in the original intervention literature. The external applicability of the evidence was analysed in terms of clinical application scenarios, patient willingness, and cost utility. One interventional and three observational studies were conducted. Four studies published in 2022, had participation sample sizes ranging 1780–109,254. Based on the randomised controlled trial data, the risk of all‐cause mortality, all‐cause death, and hospitalisation was significantly reduced in the Paxlovid group. Serious adverse events were reduced during the study. Based on observational studies, Paxlovid can significantly reduce the risk of death and hospitalisation in older patients with COVID‐19 (moderate certainty) and improve in‐hospital disease progression, composite disease progression, and viral load (low certainty). Paxlovid did not improve the outcomes of death and hospitalisation (low certainty) in patients aged <65 years. As per the economic utility analysis, the economic cost of reducing one death dramatically decreased with increasing age. Early use of Paxlovid in the older adult population with COVID‐19 is beneficial. However, in the setting of limited resources, Paxlovid should be prioritised for older patients.
Surface Engineering over Metal–Organic Framework Nanoarray to Realize Boosted and Sustained Urea Oxidation
Authors: Li Ping , Li Wenqin , Huang Yuqi , Huang Quhua , Li Fengli , Tian Shuanghong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFacilitating C─N bond cleavage and promoting *COO desorption are essential yet challenging in urea oxidation reactions (UORs). Herein a novel interfacial coordination assembly protocol is established to modify the Co‐phytate coordination complex on the Ni‐based metal–organic framework (MOF) nanosheet array (CC/Ni‐BDC@Co‐PA) toward boosted and sustained UOR electrocatalysis. Comprehensive experimental and theoretical investigations unveil that surface Co‐PA modification over Ni‐BDC can manipulate the electronic state of Ni sites, and in situ evolved charge‐redistributed surface can promote urea adsorption and the subsequent C─N bond cleavage. Impressively, Co‐PA functionalization can impart a negatively charged catalyst surface with improved aerophobicity, not only weakening *COO adsorption and promoting CO2 departure, but also repelling CO32− approaching to deactivate Ni species, eventually alleviating CO2 poisoning and enhancing operational durability. Beyond that, improved hydrophilic and aerophobic characteristics would also contribute to better mass transfer kinetics. Consequently, CC/Ni‐BDC@Co‐PA exhibits prominent UOR performance with an ultralow potential of 1.300 V versus RHE to attain 10 mA cm−2, a small Tafel slope of 45 mV dec−1, and strong durability, comparable to the best Ni‐based electrocatalysts documented thus far. This work affords a novel paradigm to construct MOF‐based materials for promoted and sustained UOR catalysis through elegant surface engineering based on a metal‐PA complex.
Double Emulsion Droplets as a Plausible Step to Fatty Acid Protocells
Authors: Douliez Jean‐Paul 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIt is assumed that life originated on the Earth from vesicles made of fatty acids. These amphiphiles are the simplest chemicals, which can be present in the prebiotic soup, capable of self‐assembling into compartments mimicking modern cells. Production of fatty acid vesicles is widely studied, as their growing and division. However, how prebiotic chemicals require to further yield living cells encapsulated within protocells remains unclear. Here, one suggests a scenario based on recent studies, which shows that phospholipid vesicles can form from double emulsions affording facile encapsulation of cargos. In these works, water‐in‐oil‐in‐water droplets are produced by microfluidics, having dispersed lipids in the oil. Dewetting of the oil droplet leaves the internal aqueous droplet covered by a lipid bilayer, entrapping cargos. In this review, formation of fatty acid protocells is briefly reviewed, together with the procedure for preparing double emulsions and vesicles from double emulsion and finally, it is proposed that double emulsion droplets formed in the deep ocean where undersea volcano expulsed materials, with fatty acids (under their carboxylic form) and alkanols as the oily phase, entrapping hydrosoluble prebiotic chemicals in a double emulsion droplet core. Once formed, double emulsion droplets can move up to the surface, where an increase of pH, variation of pressure and/or temperature may have allowed dewetting of the oily droplet, leaving a fatty acid vesicular protocell with encapsulated prebiotic materials.
Privacy‐preserving model splitting and quality‐aware device association for federated edge learning
Authors: Fu Shucun , Dong Fang , Shen Dian , Lu Tianyang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFederated edge learning (FEEL) provides a promising device‐edge collaborative learning paradigm, which enables edge devices to parallel participate in model co‐creation while preserving user privacy, opening countless opportunities to enable edge intelligence. With the growing demand for intelligent services, extensive FEEL deployment is inevitable. Nevertheless, existing FL schemes neglect two unique features (i.e., resource heterogeneity and data heterogeneity) in real‐world edge learning and thus may negatively affect the training efficiency and accuracy. Specifically, (1) heterogeneous and limited device resources cause massive laggards, which bring intolerable training delay; (2) heterogeneous data distribution causes device quality divergence, bringing severe training accuracy degradation. This article proposes a split‐based FEEL framework and an adaptive model splitting and quality‐aware device association scheme (MSDA) to tackle the aforementioned challenges. MSDA contains two levels: at the model splitting level, according to device capability and model structure, an adaptive splitting mechanism is proposed to provide a low‐latency and privacy‐preserving model splitting strategy for each device and guide subsequent device association. At the device association level, each device is simulated as a player with a quality weight in the potential game. Then a quality‐aware decentralized device association mechanism is designed to ensure that more high‐quality devices upload local updates before the deadline with the help of the edge server. Finally, experimental results demonstrate that MSDA yields significant improvements, achieving up to 3.1 training speedup and 39% accuracy improvement compared to state‐of‐the‐art methods.
The K-Band (24 GHz) Celestial Reference Frame Determined from Very Long Baseline Interferometry Sessions Conducted Over the Past 20 Years
Authors: Krásná Hana , Gordon David , Witt Aletha de , Jacobs Christopher S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe third realization of the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF3) was adopted in August 2018 and includes positions of extragalactic objects at three frequencies: 8.4 GHz, 24 GHz, and 32 GHz. In this paper, we present celestial reference frames estimated from Very Long Baseline Interferometry measurements at K-band (24 GHz) including data until June 2022. The data set starts in May 2002 and currently consists of more than 120 24h observing sessions performed over the past 20 years. Since the publication of ICRF3, the additional observations of the sources during the last four years allow maintenance of the celestial reference frame and more than 200 additional radio sources ensure an expansion of the frame. A study of the presented solutions is carried out helping us to understand systematic differences between the astrometric catalogs and moving us towards a better next ICRF solution. We compare K-band solutions (VIE-K-2022b and USNO-K-2022July05) computed by two analysts with two independent software packages (VieVS and Calc/Solve) and describe the differences in the solution strategy. We assess the systematic differences using vector spherical harmonics and describe the reasons for the most prominent ones.
A Prototype Data Governance Framework for Africa
Authors: Ndemo Bitange , Thegeya Aaron 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo create a vibrant market for the use of data, while still protecting the individual rights of those on the continent, Africa must lead the way in developing its data strategy and data governance framework. This data governance framework should account for the continent’s unique characteristics while addressing gaps in digitization, identity, and access to data across countries. This chapter discusses the key features of an effective governance framework within an African context; it identifies the key dimensions that merit consideration in this regard; and it describes the principles that should animate such a system for governing how data are deployed on the continent.
A Value Chain Approach to Data Production, Use, and Governance for Sound Policymaking in Africa
Authors: Chege Zachary Mwangi , Wanjohi Peter Maina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe objective of this chapter was to investigate the value chain approach to data production in Africa and how it can be improved to enable sound policymaking in the continent. The research also explored ways of increasing uptake of official statistics for informing decision-making in policy formulation as well as other aspects like social environmental issues. The need for this research stems from the fact that Africa has in general lagged other continents in developmental matters and by extension improvement of living standards for its people. The research reviewed existing literature and identified and examined gaps and challenges regarding production and use of official statistics in Africa. Data governance gaps and weaknesses in Africa were also examined. The research also conducted three case studies covering Australian Bureau of Statistics, National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda, and Statistics South Africa where their practices regarding data production, use, and governance were reviewed. Value chain analysis was conducted based on the gaps, challenges, and case studies, and recommendations were made regarding data production, use, and governance in Africa. The research has made recommendations that need to be implemented by African countries in pursuit of sound policymaking for better economies of their citizens.
Conclusion
Authors: Ndemo Bitange , Ndung’u Njuguna , Odhiambo Scholastica , Omolo Miriam , Shimeles Abebe 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe book has presented the views of various authors’ findings on data governance frameworks in Africa. It is a primer in creating a platform for raising awareness on basic principles/tenets of international norms on data governance. The experiences and practices shared from across the globe and Africa in particular, will effectively promote and advocate for data governance protocols in the era of digital revolution. The assessment of the potentials of improving the digital market to enhance benefits to African consumers, governments, and businesses, is well articulated in each of the chapters. This chapter draws conclusions building from the findings of the various authors and further provides recommendations on data production, consumption, and utilization.
Introduction: National Socialist Archaeology in Europe and Its Legacies
Authors: Eickhoff Martijn , Meheux Katie , Modl Daniel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractArchaeology witnessed remarkable advances during the National Socialist regime, both as a research field and as part of international academic networks. The Nazi dictatorship and World War II provided contexts in which archaeology flourished, both in Germany and in (occupied) Europe. This archaeology was embedded in prestigious German archaeological traditions but based on a shared sense of National Socialist mission. Many of its elements can be connected to wider developments within the ‘Third Reich’ and resulted from processes of competitive improvisation and radicalisation. The archaeological programme thus produced was highly impactful.This edited volume investigates the individuals and organisations involved in the National Socialist archaeological programme, examines its origins, looks at its mobilisation, and reflects on its complex legacies. National Socialist archaeology is explored within the wider context of Europe and non-German experiences and interactions analysed. The volume also examines National Socialist attempts to denationalise the archaeologies of occupied European nations while creating unifying, transnational connections based on National Socialist ideas about race. By considering the full extent of the National Socialist archaeological programme in all its diversity and ruthlessness as a European phenomenon, its links with National Socialist atrocities, including the Holocaust, come into sharper focus.
Impact of COVID on Our Digital Lives
Authors: Pithawalla Sharon Khushroo , Chhabra Anshul 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 global pandemic has ripped through our society like a tornado, displacing and destroying everything in its wake. This is not different from the many other pandemics that have hit throughout the history of humanity… except for one new dimension that did not exist earlier, the digital dimension. According to a Pew Research Center survey, only 7% of adults in the US say they do not use the internet, which means 93% use the internet in some manner. COVID-19 has irrevocably shifted the direction of human attitudes and technology/cybersecurity on our planet. Whether it is our wide acceptance of technologies like Zoom as a natural way to interact with each other in a variety of social, educational, and work settings, or the mindshift around the acceptance of remote work and Zoom parties, or even the boost to the upcoming virtual, augmented, and hybrid reality of a metaverse, COVID-19 marks the beginning of another epoch in the modern history of humankind. In a seemingly contradictory way, COVID-19 has further exacerbated the digital divide, while also providing a fresh new boost to further innovation and the inevitable merging of our physical and digital lives. It is at once a deeply anxious and deeply exciting time that we are all living through. Those of us who live through this pandemic will clearly remember the answer to the question— where were you during the pandemic….