bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound-accelerated Synthesis of N-protected Amino Alkyl Iodides
from Amino Alcohols Using P2I4 Reagent and its Application in the
Synthesis of Amino Alkyl Thiols
Authors: H. S. Lalithamba , Govindappa Nagendra , Nagaraja Akshitha D. , Siddekha Aisha 
Published: September 2023

Abstract:
Synthesis of amino acid-derived alkyl iodides results in versatile intermediates for many
peptidomimetics, and hence, the approach for their synthesis under neutral conditions was achieved in
the present work.

:
The N-protected amino acids were reduced to amino alcohols under T3P as an activator and NaBH4 as a
reducing partner. Thus, synthesized aminols were sonicated with diphosphorus tetraiodide (P2I4) in CS2
to obtain the N-protected amino alkyliodides.

:
We established the utilisation of the alkyl iodides by converting them to amino alkyl thiols, which serve
as building blocks for many heterocycles and other drug candidates. The ultrasonication medium works
effectively for all the intermediates preparation; the conditions are mild, and yields are almost quantitative
in all steps.

:
The synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS analysis.
Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe; Family: Zingiberaceae) in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Review on the Existing Scientific Evidence and Way Forward
Authors: Prabhakar Pankaj , Marakala Vijay , Sacheendran Dhanya , George Thomas , D'souza Rhea Katherine , Palatty Princy Louis , Baliga Manjeshwar Shrinath 
Published: September 2023

Abstract:
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is today the most prevalent hepatic disorder
in the world. Although many pharmaceutical agents have been investigated for their potential to
prevent or treat NAFLD, currently, there is no standard treatment to manage this ailment. Reports
indicate that ginger and its phytochemicals gingerol and zingerone are effective in mitigating
NAFLD in experimental study models. Furthermore, randomised control trials have demonstrated
that ginger is also effective in preventing NAFLD in both adults and children. Mechanistic studies
suggest that ginger mediates these beneficial effects by activating many pathways, such as reducing free radicals, dyslipidemia, and hepatic fat deposition. Concomitantly, ginger also increases antioxidant enzyme levels and insulin-sensitive effects, and all these pharmacological actions provide
beneficial outcomes. In this review, the evidence from experimental and clinical trials has been emphasised. In addition, an attempt has been made to identify the gaps for future study to address for
the benefit of the medical, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and agricultural businesses.
Auvelity: A New Era in Medicine - Unraveling the Multifaceted Benefits
of Dextromethorphan/Bupropion Combination
Authors: Dhawan Anchal , Choudhary Sunayna , Gupta Sumeet , Chander Abhishek , Dhanawat Meenakshi 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Depression is a prevalent global illness, impacting 280 million people
worldwide, and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is ranked as the third leading cause of disease burden
globally. People previously diagnosed with depression are more likely to develop Alzheimer's
disease (AD). The recent approval of Auvelity by the FDA has made a remarkable breakthrough in
drug development, offering a multi-dimensional approach for managing multiple diseases.

Objective:
The main objective of this study is to investigate the role of Auvelity, a new drug, in treating
MDD and its potential to manage agitation in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methodology:
Data on Auvelity was collected from various sources, including accessdata.fda.gov,
PubMed, and Scopus, and compiled for analysis

Discussion:
Auvelity is the first oral medication to demonstrate the rapid onset of action, with statistically
significant antidepressant efficacy observed as early as one week compared to a placebo. It contains
a combination of dextromethorphan (45 mg) and bupropion (105 mg). The drug's mechanism of
action involves a combination of NMDA receptor blockade and agonism of the sigma-1 receptor, resulting
in the antagonization of the glutamatergic neurotransmitter pathway. Due to the similarity in
the mechanism of action with AD medications like Memantine, there is a hypothesis that Auvelity
could effectively reduce symptoms of AD.

Conclusion:
The approval of Auvelity marks a significant advancement in depression treatment with
its unique NMDA antagonist mechanism, rapid onset of action, and low-risk profile.
Correlation between High Incidence of Colorectal Neoplastic Polyps and
High-risk Adenomas in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective
Study
Authors: Zheng Chuan-yu , Zhong Wa , Xu Ji-hao , Yuan Yu-hong , Chen Nai-zhao , Liang Wei-ling , Chen Qi-kui , Lai Yu 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Early detection and resection of colorectal polyps by routine colonoscopy
screening can be effective in reducing the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC).

Objective:
This study aimed to determine the association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and different
types of colorectal polyps in the Chinese population.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis was performed on inpatients admitted to the Gastroenterology Department
of our hospital from January to December 2019. Clinical data, and colonoscopy and pathology findings
of the subjects were collected. Bivariate analysis was used to assess factors associated with colorectal
polyps. Significant variables from the bivariate evaluation were included in a stepwise multivariate logistic
regression analysis to recognize independent predictors of neoplastic polyps and high-risk adenomas.

Results:
The proportion of patients with DM was significantly higher in patients with neoplastic polyps
and high-risk adenomas than in patients without polyps. Age ≥ 50 years, male gender, and a first-degree
relative with a history of CRC were independent risk factors for neoplastic polyps and high-risk adenomas,
even in non-smokers. An independent risk factor analysis that did not include a family history of
CRC showed that age, gender, and alcohol consumption were independent risk factors for neoplastic
polyps and high-risk adenomas. DM was an independent risk factor for high-risk adenomas (OR =
2.902, 95% CI = 1.221-6.899; p = 0.016) after adjusting for age, gender, alcohol consumption, and body
mass index. Thus, a history of DM significantly increases the risk of high-risk adenomas.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrated that patients with DM, age ≥ 50 years, male gender, alcohol consumption,
and a first-degree relative with a history of CRC should undergo regular endoscopic screening
and colonic polypectomy.
Mit.OnOff: A Science Communication Project for Public Awareness about Mitochondrial Cytopathies
Authors: Grazina Manuela , Martins Sara , Santos Maria João , Simões Marta , Caetano Carolina , Neves Beatriz , Amaral Sara Varela , Bindoff Laurence A. 
Published: September 2023

Introduction:
Mitochondrial diseases are rare, heterogeneous, incurable and complex to diagnose. Probably due to their rareness, there is still a lack of literacy in this area, especially in society, but also in schools and in general, health care services. Accordingly, tools that may bring advancement in science and health literacy are needed. Mit.OnOff is a science communication project based on a bilateral partnership between the University of Coimbra (Portugal) and the University of Bergen (Norway). It aims to inform society about rare diseases related to mitochondrial cytopathies with an emphasis on LHON.

Methods:
The initiative focuses on the creation of an illustrated book explaining the diseases caused by the failure of energy production in simple and accessible language. The aim is to raise awareness (particularly in Portugal and Norway) and provide in-depth knowledge to people suffering from these diseases.

Results/Case report:
This project involves expert scientists in the field of mitochondrial disease, science communicators and artists in alignment with the United Nations SDGs, Agenda 2030. Mit.OnOff is a bilateral partnership (Portugal and Norway) established to address the lack of knowledge and health literacy on the subject of mitochondrial disease. The book will be distributed in both countries, creating a sense of inclusion and visibility and influencing decisions regarding these diseases. It is a relevant educational medium (e.g., schools, health care provision). The distribution of the book is complemented with other communication materials. Oral communications are made, together with public involvement, in which special glasses will be distributed to simulate a mitochondrial disease that leads to blindness (LHON) for the public to experience what it is like living with a rare disease.

Conclusion:
It is hoped that the production of this book will give patients a sense of inclusion and representation in the media. This, in turn, will contribute to achieving the SDG targets (3,4,5,8,10,12), i.e., ensuring people live healthy lives, reducing child mortality, and increasing life expectancy, ensuring access to inclusive, equitable and quality education for all, ensuring gender equality, and contributing to a peaceful and prosperous world.
case study on effective teaching strategies for attaining course learning outcomes
Authors: Ahmed Awwad Othman Abdelaziz , Ibrahim Intisar Zakariya Ahmed 
Published: September 2023

Lesson planning has been a subject of debate within the realm of education, with contrasting views regarding its merits. This study employs a descriptive cross-sectional survey design to investigate lecture planning practices among teaching staff in the English Language and Translation Department at Qassim University, Saudi Arabia. The research focuses on understanding current practices and potential gender-related differences in teaching strategies. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire distributed to 26 university teaching staff, evenly split between males and females. The results indicate that faculty members exhibit a positive attitude towards lesson planning, emphasizing careful preparation, alignment with course objectives, and responsiveness to student needs. While some variations between male and female teachers were observed, particularly in lesson planning and the use of teaching aids, no significant gender-based disparities were found in many teaching practices. This suggests that effective teaching strategies can be employed by educators of any gender, challenging gender-based assumptions about teaching styles. Implications of the study underscore the importance of recognizing and celebrating diverse teaching approaches among faculty members. Rather than making gender-based assumptions, educational institutions should foster an inclusive environment where educators are encouraged to leverage their unique strengths.
Telehealth Availability for Cancer Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Marks Victoria A , Hsiang Walter R , Nie James , Umer Waez , Haleem Afash , Galal Bayan , Pak Irene , Kim Dana , Salazar Michelle C , Pantel Haddon , Berger Elizabeth R , Boffa Daniel J , Cavallo Jaime A , Leapman Michael S 
Published: September 2023

Background
Telehealth was an important strategy for maintaining continuity of cancer care during the coronavirus pandemic and has continued to play a role in outpatient care; however, it is unknown whether services are equally available across cancer hospitals.

Objective
This study aimed to assess telehealth availability at cancer hospitals for new and established patients with common cancers to contextualize the impact of access barriers to technology on overall access to health care.

Methods
We conducted a national cross-sectional secret shopper study from June to November 2020 to assess telehealth availability at cancer hospitals for new and established patients with colorectal, breast, and skin (melanoma) cancer. We examined facility-level factors to determine predictors of telehealth availability.

Results
Of the 312 investigated facilities, 97.1% (n=303) provided telehealth services for at least 1 cancer site. Telehealth was less available to new compared to established patients (n=226, 72% vs n=301, 97.1%). The surveyed cancer hospitals more commonly offered telehealth visits for breast cancer care (n=266, 85%) and provided lower access to telehealth for skin (melanoma) cancer care (n=231, 74%). Most hospitals (n=163, 52%) offered telehealth for all 3 cancer types. Telehealth availability was weakly correlated across cancer types within a given facility for new (r=0.16, 95% CI 0.09-0.23) and established (r=0.14, 95% CI 0.08-0.21) patients. Telehealth was more commonly available for new patients at National Cancer Institute–designated facilities, medical school–affiliated facilities, and major teaching sites, with high total admissions and below-average timeliness of care. Telehealth availability for established patients was highest at Academic Comprehensive Cancer Programs, nongovernment and nonprofit facilities, medical school–affiliated facilities, Accountable Care Organizations, and facilities with a high number of total admissions.

Conclusions
Despite an increase in telehealth services for patients with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic, we identified differences in access across cancer hospitals, which may relate to measures of clinical volume, affiliation, and infrastructure.
Vascular Access–Related Distal Ischemia Requiring Intervention
Authors: Allon Michael , Cutter Gary R. , Young Carlton J. 
Published: September 2023

Background
Distal ischemia is a rare complication in patients undergoing placement of an arteriovenous (AV) fistula or AV graft. There are limited studies on its frequency, risk factors, clinical consequences, or feasibility of subsequent access.

Methods
A prospective vascular access database from a large academic medical center was queried retrospectively to identify 1498 patients (mean age 56±15 years, 48% female patients, 73% Black patients) undergoing placement of at least one vascular access from 2011 to 2020. For patients who developed access-related distal ischemia requiring surgical intervention, we determined the frequency of distal ischemia, clinical risk factors, and subsequent outcomes.

Results
Severe access-related distal ischemia occurred in 28 patients (1.9%; 95% confidence interval, 1.3% to 2.7%). The frequency was 0.2% for forearm AV fistulas, 0.9% for upper arm AV fistulas, 2.4% for forearm AV grafts, 2.2% for upper arm AV grafts, and 2.8% for thigh AV grafts. Risk factors independently associated with distal ischemia included female sex (odds ratio [OR], 3.64 [95% confidence interval, 1.52 to 8.72]), peripheral vascular disease (OR, 6.28 [2.84 to 13.87]), and coronary artery disease (OR, 2.37 [1.08 to 5.23]). Surgical interventions included ligation, excision, plication (banding), and other surgical procedures. Five patients developed tissue necrosis. A subsequent AV graft was placed in 13 patients, of whom only one (8%) developed distal ischemia requiring intervention.

Conclusions
Access-related distal ischemia requiring intervention was rare in this study and more common in women and patients with peripheral vascular disease or coronary artery disease. In some cases, a subsequent vascular access could be placed with a low likelihood of recurrent distal ischemia.
Evaluación de la norma 035 para la medición de los factores de riesgo psicosocial en el entorno laboral mexicano
Authors: Madero Gómez Sergio , Montes José Luis , Del Castillo Ernesto 
Published: September 2023

<p>Los factores psicosociales derivados del estrés laboral se han convertido un problema global. Con la finalidad de identificar y prevenir los factores de riesgo psicosocial en el entorno organizacional en México, el gobierno federal publicó la Norma Oficial Mexicana 035 (NOM-035), en octubre de 2018. La NOM-035 incluye diversos instrumentos, en formato de cuestionarios, que pretenden identificar el grado de riesgo psicológico al que es sometido un empleado en el desempeño de sus labores. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la confiabilidad del segundo instrumento de medida propuesto en la NOM-035. A fin de realizar la validación del instrumento, se aplicó el cuestionario en una muestra de 434 empleados. Luego de múltiples pruebas de confiabilidad y validez, los resultados demuestran que el instrumento carece de las propiedades estadísticas suficientes para identificar con certeza a los empleados mexicanos que padecen un riesgo psicológico alto.</p>
Hydroxychloroquine in Stage 1 Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Libman Ingrid , Bingley Polly J. , Becker Dorothy , Buckner Jane H. , DiMeglio Linda A. , Gitelman Stephen E. , Greenbaum Carla , Haller Michael J. , Ismail Heba M. , Krischer Jeffrey , Moore Wayne V. , Moran Antoinette , Muir Andrew B. , Raman Vana , Steck Andrea K. , Toledo Frederico G.S. , Wentworth John , Wherrett Diane , White Perrin , You Lu , Herold Kevan C. ,   Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet Study Group, Steck Andrea K. , Greenbaum Carla , Lord Sandra , Monzavi Roshanak , Katz Lorraine Levitt , Goland Robin , Muir Andrew B. , Apperson Elaine , DiMeglio Linda A. , Cummings Elizabeth , Weinstock Ruth , Gaglia Jason , Campbell Fiona , Cabrera Susanne , Nakhle Samer , English Patrick , Huynh Tony , Liljenquist David , Moudiotis Christopher , Duke Sally-Anne , Bosi Emanuele , Griffin Kurt , Borg Henrik , Lernmark Ake , Flynn Daniel , Wilson Darrell , Craig Maria , Moore Wayne V. , Wherrett Diane , Tatovich Danijela , Gitelman Stephen E. , Philipson Louis , Haller Michael J. , Knip Mikael , Tsalikian Eva , Baidal David , Thomas Inas , Moran Antoinette , Libman Ingrid , White Perrin , Raman Vandana , Raleigh Zoe , Solorzano Christine , Rodriguez Henry , Russell William , So Michelle , Colman Peter , Couper Jennifer , Sherr Jennifer 
Published: September 2023

OBJECTIVEInnate immune responses may be involved in the earliest phases of type 1 diabetes (T1D).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSTo test whether blocking innate immaune cells modulated progression of the disease, we randomly assigned 273 individuals with stage 1 T1D to treatment with hydroxychloroquine (n = 183; 5 mg/kg per day to a maximum of 400 mg) or placebo (n = 90) and assessed whether hydroxychloroquine treatment delayed or prevented progression to stage 2 T1D (i.e., two or more islet autoantibodies with abnormal glucose tolerance).RESULTSAfter a median follow-up of 23.3 months, the trial was stopped prematurely by the data safety monitoring board because of futility. There were no safety concerns in the hydroxychloroquine arm, including in annual ophthalmologic examinations. Preplanned secondary analyses showed a transient decrease in the glucose average area under the curve to oral glucose in the hydroxychloroquine-treated arm at month 6 and reduced titers of anti-GAD and anti-insulin autoantibodies and acquisition of positive autoantibodies in the hydroxychloroquine arm (P = 0.032).CONCLUSIONSWe conclude that hydroxychloroquine does not delay progression to stage 2 T1D in individuals with stage 1 disease. Drug treatment reduces the acquisition of additional autoantibodies and the titers of autoantibodies to GAD and insulin.
Air pollution, mortality, and hospital admissions in Scotland: A 16 years register-based study
Authors: Abed Al Ahad Mary , Demšar Urška , Sullivan Frank , Kulu Hill 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundAir pollution is associated with poor health and higher mortality. However, studies that link high spatial resolution air pollution data for several pollutants to individual-level data over prolonged period (>10 years) and assess multiple health outcomes are limited. In this study, we investigated the association between 16-years exposure to air pollution and all-cause and cause-specific (cardiovascular, respiratory, cancer, infectious, and mental/behavioural disorders) mortality and hospital admissions in Scotland.
MethodsIndividual-level data from the “Scottish Longitudinal Study” for 202,237 individuals (2002-2017) were linked to yearly concentrations of NO2, SO2, PM10, and PM2.5 pollutants at 1-Km2 spatial resolution using the individual’s residential postcode. The association between air pollution and mortality and hospital admissions was examined using Cox Proportional-Hazards and multilevel mixed-effects negative binomial models, respectively.
ResultsIncreasing concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 pollutants were associated with higher rates of all-cause, cardiovascular, respiratory, cancer, and infectious mortality and hospital admissions. Mortality from respiratory diseases increased by 6.2% (95%CI=2.8%-9.6%), 2.5% (95%CI=0.5%-4.5%), and 1.2% (95%CI=0.5%-1.9%) per 1 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 pollutants, respectively. Exposure to SO2 was mainly linked to mental/behavioural disorders mortality (HR=1.05; 95%CI=1.02-1.07) and respiratory hospital admissions (IRR=1.02; 95%CI=1.01-1.03).
ConclusionsThis study revealed a positive association between air pollution and mortality and hospital admissions in Scotland. Interventions on air pollution through stricter environmental regulations could help ease the mortality and hospital admission burden, for both physical and mental illness.
Outcomes for children and young people growing up in kinship care in Scotland: A population-level data linkage study
Authors: Soraghan Joanna , Raab Gillian , Troncose Patricio 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesThe number of children and young people living in kinship care (living separately from their parents with a family friend/relative) in Scotland has increased consistently since 2010. This study aims to explore outcomes for children and young people in kinship care in terms of their health, education, and care journeys.
MethodsThis population-wide data linkage study will utilise data on all children and young people who have been placed in formal kinship care from 2008 onwards. The datasets linked for this study are:

Looked After Children
Child Protection
Health Visiting
Educational attainment, attendances, absences and exclusion
Children’s Hearings data

Through descriptive analysis the study will provide insight into the experiences and outcomes of children and young people in kinship care. Where appropriate, comparisons will be drawn with the wider care population and the general population of children and young people in Scotland.
ResultsData will be presented which highlight:

Levels of kinship care usage in Scotland, and how this varies regionally and over time.
The routes into kinship care in terms of child protection concerns and legal reasons data.
How children fare while in kinship care – specifically in terms of their childhood development, placement stability and educational attainment/engagement.
The pathways out of formal kinship care, and whether these differ over time.

Full results will be available for publication at the 2023 ADR UK conference.
Conclusion This is the first population-wide study on outcomes for children and young people living in kinship care within Scotland. It is hoped that insight arising from this work will aid local authorities, government and others in meeting the needs of the steadily increasing number of children living in formal kinship care.