bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Derotational femoral osteotomy locations and their influence on joint reaction forces in dysplastic hips
Authors: Shepherd Molly C. , Clohisy John C. , Nepple Jeffrey J. , Harris Michael D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFemoral version (FV) deformities are common in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) and may contribute to cartilage damage due to abnormal joint loading. Derotational femoral osteotomy (DFO) surgery corrects FV deformities. However there is little consensus about the femoral transection location for DFO, and its influence on joint loads is unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two common DFO locations on muscle forces and hip joint reaction forces (JRFs) in patients with DDH. DFO was simulated in nine patients with DDH and abnormal FV using patient‐specific musculoskeletal models. Femoral transection for DFO was separately simulated proximal and distal to the lesser trochanter and FV values were corrected to an idealized 15°. JRFs during early and late stance of gait were compared between the two simulated transection locations. Most changes to JRFs were similar between proximal and distal DFO, however, statistically significant differences were found for the medial JRF component during late stance among patients with femoral anteversion (p = 0.01). Force changes from five hip muscles were significantly different between DFO locations, however, changes were minimal. Most changes after DFO in patients with femoral retroversion were opposite of those with femoral anteversion, with anteroposterior and superior JRFs increasing after retroversion correction. After DFO correction, superior and medial JRFs in DDH patients remained elevated compared to controls. Understanding the influence of DFO location on muscle‐generated hip forces can help surgeons justify decisions and potentially standardize surgical correction of FV deformities in patients with DDH.
Preparation of open tubular capillary column covalently coated with polystyrene sulfonate with 4,4′‐Azobis(4‐cyanopentanoyl chloride) as polymerization initiator for electrochromatographic separation of alkaloids, sulfonamides, and peptides
Authors: Naithani Vinay , Cheddah Soumia , Yang Kaige , Xia Zihang , Wang Weiwei , Wang Yan , Yan Chao 
Published: March 2023

An open tubular capillary electrochromatography column covalently bonded with polystyrene sulfonate was prepared via in situ polymerization using functionalized Azo‐initiator 4,4′‐Azobis(4‐cyanopentanoyl chloride). Scanning electron, fluorescence, and atomic force microscopy techniques showed the formation of a relatively rough layer of polymer. In addition, –CN and C = O stretching vibrations from infrared spectroscopy proved the successful immobilization of the azo‐initiator through covalent bonding and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the elemental composition of the formed polymer layer. The prepared column was found to be appropriate for small and medium‐sized molecules separation. Compared to bare fused silica capillary column higher selectivity and resolution were obtained for the separation of alkaloids, sulfonamides, and peptides as a result of the electrostatic and pi‐pi stacking interactions between the small organic molecules and the coated column without compromising the electroosmotic flow mobility. Separation efficiency was also increased compared to the bare capillary for the separation of alkaloids (about 1.5 times). Moreover, intraday, inter‐day, intra‐batch, and inter‐batch relative standard deviation values of retention time and peak area of peptides were within 2% and 10%, respectively, indicating good repeatability of the column preparation procedure. The developed method for the covalent bonding of polymers through a functionalized azo‐initiator could represent a promising stable method for the preparation of an open tubular column.
Highly Efficient Broadband Near‐Infrared Emission from Sn2+ Alloyed Lead‐Free Cesium Zinc Halides
Authors: Zhang Gangyi , Wang Deyin , Ren Jiejun , Zhou Xiaopeng , Wang Yuhua 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLuminescent metal halides have attracted increasing attention because of their tunable emission and superior photoelectric properties. However, it is still challenging to achieve near‐infrared (NIR) emission from metal halides, which is important in applications such as food quality analysis and night vision. In this work, the broadband NIR emission is achieved by alloying Sn2+ into zero‐dimensional (0D) Cs2ZnBr4. The incorporating of Sn2+ cations enables the originally weakly luminescent Cs2ZnBr4 to exhibit an efficient broadband NIR emission. Upon photoexication, the optimized Sn2+ alloyed Cs2ZnBr4 (Cs2Zn0.875Sn0.125Br4) exhibits a highly efficient broadband NIR emission peaked around 700 nm, with a large Stokes shift of 323 nm, a full width at maximum of 177 nm, and a high quantum efficiency of around 41%. Spectroscopic and theoretical calculations unveil that the efficient NIR emission originates from the self‐trapping emission introduced by the Sn alloying. In addition to the high efficient broadband emission, the Sn2+ alloyed Cs2ZnBr4 also exhibits high thermal stability, retaining 78% of its initial intensity at 150 °C. The night vision application is demonstrated by using a light source fabricated by combining Sn2+ alloyed Cs2ZnBr4 phosphor with a 365 nm LED chip in the dark.
Hypoxic nasopharyngeal carcinoma‐derived exosomal miR‐455 increases vascular permeability by targeting ZO‐1 to promote metastasis
Authors: Xie Lixiao , Zhang Kaiwen , You Bo , Yin Haimeng , Zhang Panpan , Shan Ying , Gu Zhifeng , Zhang Qicheng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), the most frequent reason for treatment failure in head and neck tumors, has the greatest incidence of distant metastases. Increased vascular permeability facilitates metastasis. Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in the development of the premetastatic niche and are emerging as prospective biomarkers in cancer patients. We discovered that a higher level of miR‐455 was connected to a larger propensity for NPC metastasis based on deep sequencing and RT‐qPCR. We found that hypoxia promoted NPC exosomes release and increased miR‐455 expression in a way that was hypoxia‐inducible factor 1‐alpha (HIF‐1α) dependent. Exosomes from NPC cells with high levels of miR‐455 were found to specifically target zonula occludens 1 (ZO‐1), increasing the permeability of endothelial monolayers in vitro vascular permeability and transendothelial invasion experiments. Additional in vivo studies showed that zebrafish with sustained miR‐455‐overexpressing NPC cell xenografts displayed increased tumor cell mass throughout the body. In vivo, zebrafish vascular tight junction integrity was disrupted by exosomes produced by NPC cells with elevated miR‐455 expression. Mice‐bearing xenografts further supported the finding that exosomes containing miR‐455 might reduce ZO‐1 expression in addition to promote NPC cell growth. These findings suggest that in a hypoxic microenvironment, exosomal miR‐455 released by NPC cells enhances vascular permeability and promotes metastasis by targeting ZO‐1. The HIF‐1α‐miR‐455‐ZO‐1 signaling pathway may be a promising predictor and potential therapeutic target for NPC with metastasis.
Venture capital's portfolio network and portfolio firm's innovation performance: Evidence from China
Authors: Cao Ting , Li Wanli 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe examine how VC's portfolio network shapes portfolio firms' innovation. Through empirical research of the panel data of Chinese listed firms from 2009 to 2016, we find that competitive network ties exert negative impact on portfolio firms' innovation which complements existing research from the perspective of portfolio network. Second, considering the heterogeneity of innovation, we find that the progressive innovation is easier to be impaired by competitive network ties. Third, employing Chinese VC data can open a window to see the role of VC's portfolio network after the invested firm goes public and improve our understanding of VC's role in the latter half of investment cycle.
Activation Profile of TAS2R2, the 26th Human Bitter Taste Receptor
Authors: Lang Tatjana , Di Pizio Antonella , Risso Davide , Drayna Dennis , Behrens Maik 
Published: March 2023

ScopeTo avoid ingestion of potentially harmful substances, humans are equipped with about 25 bitter taste receptor genes (TAS2R) expressed in oral taste cells. Humans exhibit considerable variance in their bitter tasting abilities, which are associated with genetic polymorphisms in bitter taste receptor genes. One of these variant receptor genes, TAS2R2, is initially believed to represent a pseudogene. However, TAS2R2 exists in a putative functional variant within some populations and can therefore be considered as an additional functional bitter taste receptor.Methods and resultsTo learn more about the function of the experimentally neglected TAS2R2, a functional screening with 122 bitter compounds is performed. The study observes responses with eight of the 122 bitter substances and identifies the substance phenylbutazone as a unique activator of TAS2R2 among the family of TAS2Rs, thus filling one more gap in the array of cognate bitter substances.ConclusionsThe comprehensive characterization of the receptive range of TAS2R2 allows the classification into the group of TAS2Rs with a medium number of bitter agonists. The variability of bitter taste and its potential influences on food choice in some human populations may be even higher than assumed.
Complete 1H and 13C assignments of two new sesquiterpenoids from Dendrobium aduncum
Authors: Huang Lang , Meng Yu‐Fan , Wang Gang , Yang Jian‐wen , Zhang Mao‐Sheng , Dong Min‐Jian , Sun Cheng‐Xin , Xiao Shi‐Ji 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTwo new sesquiterpenoids, dendroaduoid A (1) and dendroaduol (2), together with four known sesquiterpenoids were isolated from the stems of Dendrobium aduncum. Their structures were identified by HR‐ESI‐MS and NMR experiments, and the complete assignments of 1H and 13C NMR data for two new sesquiterpenoids were obtained by the aid of HSQC, HMBC, 1H‐1H COSY, NOESY, and ECD techniques. The cytotoxic effects of the isolated compounds on four tumor cell lines (HCT‐116, HepG2, A549, and SW1990) were evaluated using MTT assay. Otherwise, the inhibitory activity of these six sesquiterpenoids on glycosidase was also evaluated.
Assignment of molecular origins of NOE signal at −3.5 ppm in the brain
Authors: Zhao Yu , Sun Casey , Zu Zhongliang 
Published: March 2023

PurposeNuclear Overhauser enhancemen mediated saturation transfer effect, termed NOE (−3.5 ppm), is a major source of CEST MRI contrasts at 3.5 ppm in the brain. Previous phantom experiments have demonstrated that both proteins and lipids, two major components in tissues, have substantial contributions to NOE (−3.5 ppm) signals. Their relative contributions in tissues are informative for the interpretation of NOE (−3.5 ppm) contrasts that could provide potential imaging biomarkers for relevant diseases, which remain incompletely understood.MethodsExperiments on homogenates and supernatants of brain tissues collected from healthy rats, that could isolate proteins from lipids, were performed to evaluate the relative contribution of lipids to NOE (−3.5 ppm) signals. On the other hand, experiments on ghost membranes with varied pH, and reconstituted phospholipids with different chemical compositions were conducted to study the dependence of NOE (−3.5 ppm) on physiological conditions. Besides, CEST imaging on rat brains bearing 9 L tumors and healthy rat brains was performed to analyze the causes of the NOE (−3.5 ppm) contrast variations between tumors and normal tissues, and between gray matter and white matter.ResultsOur experiments reveal that lipids have dominant contributions to the NOE (−3.5 ppm) signals. Further analysis suggests that decreased NOE (−3.5 ppm) signals in tumors and higher NOE (−3.5 ppm) signals in white matter than in gray matter are mainly explained by changes in membrane lipids, rather than proteins.ConclusionNOE (−3.5 ppm) could be exploited as a highly sensitive MRI contrast for imaging membrane lipids in the brain.
Flexible force‐bearing liquid crystalline elastomer component toward a dynamic braille platform
Authors: Gablier Alexandra , Terentjev Eugene M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLiquid Crystalline Elastomers (LCEs) are elastomeric actuators capable of reversible shape change under external stimulation such as heat or light. This ability makes them prime candidates for use in the field of soft robotics, with examples of explored applications ranging from heart patches to active yarn. Here, we apply LCE actuation to the field of dynamic Braille displays, with the small Braille pins capable of being either flat or protruding on demand. We demonstrate that the complex and numerous moving parts of a dynamic Braille device could be replaced by a single sheet of LCEs embossed with small actuating bumps. A simple molding procedure produces a surface patterned with at‐scale Braille bumps, as a result of a precise and complex internal organization within the elastomer sample that emerges during polymerization. Unlike in previous attempts to use LCEs for Braille technology, our millimeter‐scale protruding features are generated out of the bulk of the material, resulting in structural integrity, and high resistance to compression force. The localized bump‐to‐flat reversible actuation occurs on a timescale of seconds. The potential of this development for application into a complete Braille dynamic display are discussed.
Stochastic modeling and performance analysis in balancing load and traffic for vehicular ad hoc networks: A review
Authors: Ravi Banoth , Kumar Manoj , Hu Yu‐Chen , Hassan Shamsul , Kumar Bittu 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThe rapid growth of vehicular applications has resulted in high demand for Internet technology, which demands an unprecedented network capacity and a high quality of service (QoS). In vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), since nodes (vehicles) are highly mobile. The dynamic nature of the network topology in the VANET system changes due to frequent changes in link connectivity. The vehicles‐to‐vehicles (V2V), vehicles‐to‐infrastructure (V2I), and QoS, as well as the heterogeneity of applications within the VANET. VANETs have been introduced to make driving comfortable by providing safety and support to drivers. Due to the flexibility and offloading schemes available in‐vehicle applications, there are some limitations. However, there are many issues in providing optimum service provisioning and scheduling in the vehicular environment. In VANETs, BSs and roadside units (RSUs) improve QoS. However, Internet services transmit packets to vehicles using stochastic models, and it predicts the traffic on a VANET. We provide open challenges to drive stochastic models in this direction.
Effect of motivational interviewing on treatment adherence and self‐efficacy of adolescents with asthma: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Taheri Fatemeh , Nasiri Ahmad , Namdari Somayeh , Salmani Fatemeh 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsThis study examined the short‐term effect of motivational interviewing on treatment adherence and self‐efficacy of adolescents with asthma.DesignThe randomized controlled trial.MethodIn this study, 72 adolescents with asthma were recruited and assigned to experimental and control groups randomly. In the experimental group, the motivational interviewing was performed for five weekly sessions lasting 80–90 min. The treatment adherence and self‐efficacy questionnaires were completed before the intervention, 2 weeks and 3 months after the intervention in both groups. Data were analysed by Chi‐Square test, independent samples T‐test, repeated measures of Wilcoxon and generalized estimating equation.ResultsThe treatment adherence was found to be significantly higher 2 weeks (p = 0.006) and 3 months after the intervention (p = 0.04) in the experimental group than the control group. In addition, the degree of self‐efficacy was significantly more in the experimental group 2 weeks (p < 0.001) and 3 months later (p < 0.001) than the control group. The result of generalized estimating equation showed that the intervention group had an average of 14.44 more self‐efficacy points than the control group (p < 0.001). Also, treatment adherence in the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group (β = 6.14, p = 0.05(.ConclusionThis study adds to the evidence for the effectiveness of motivational interviewing in treatment of adolescents with asthma.
Effect of meso‐structure characteristics on surface emissivity of 2.5D Woven ablative composite for thermal protection
Authors: Liang Haoran , Li Weijie , Wang Liyan , Yang Guang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSurface emissivity is an essential parameter for thermal radiation, which greatly influences thermal protection materials (TPMs) under high temperature. In the present study, dual‐scale models of 2.5D woven carbon fiber fabric reinforced resin‐based composites are built with different weaving parameters of fabric, to investigate the meso‐structure influence on the surface emissivity, and the surface emissivity for different composites is calculated based on discrete ordinate method (DOM). Two morphological indexes are proposed to further analyze the effect of meso‐structure characteristics on emissivity. The results show that the surface emissivity is mainly determined by the ablated woven composite within a certain depth. More compact in‐plain weaving architecture improves surface emissivity, while more compact through‐the‐thickness weaving architecture reduces the surface emissivity of 2.5D woven ablative composites. The meso‐structure with a lower roughness factor and a higher specific surface area leads to intense surface radiation. This study can provide scientific guidance for the design of 2.5D woven ablative composite for thermal protection.
Exploring the perspectives of Turkish adolescents on bullying: A qualitative study
Authors: Celik Hatice Cecen , Hopkins Lisa , O'Reilly Michelle 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBullying is a global problem affecting many adolescents. Evidence on bullying is growing, mostly generated in Minority World countries. Our objective is to develop our understanding of bullying in Majority World contexts, like Turkey. We highlight the voices of 20 Turkish adolescents from reflective interviews. Using Reflexive Organic Thematic Analysis, we identified three themes: definitions of bullying, conceptualizations of the character of bullies and victims, and proposed educational solutions, highlighting cultural issues of honor and respect, and roles of the family. As bullying research in Turkey is relatively new, we conclude that the ideology of adolescent‐centered education, children′s rights, and the value of qualitative research are important in this cultural context.
Raspberry plant stress detection using hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Williams Dominic , Karley Alison , Britten Avril , McCallum Susan , Graham Julie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMonitoring plant responses to stress is an ongoing challenge for crop breeders, growers, and agronomists. The measurement of below‐ground stress is particularly challenging as plants do not always show visible signs of stress in the above‐ground organs, particularly at early stages. Hyperspectral imaging is a technique that could be used to overcome this challenge if associations between plant spectral data and specific stresses can be determined. In this study, three genotypes of red raspberry plants grown under controlled conditions in a glasshouse were subjected to below‐ground biotic stresses (root pathogen Phytophthora rubi and root herbivore Otiorhynchus sulcatus) or abiotic stress (soil water availability) and regularly imaged using hyperspectral cameras over this period. Significant differences were observed in plant biophysical traits (canopy height and leaf dry mass) and canopy reflectance spectrum between the three genotypes and the imposed stress treatments. The ratio of reflectance at 469 and 523 nm showed a significant genotype‐by‐treatment interaction driven by differential genotypic responses to the P. rubi treatment. This indicates that spectral imaging can be used to identify variable plant stress responses in raspberry plants.
Trends in gender, race, and ethnic diversity among prospective physical medicine and rehabilitation physicians
Authors: Dixon Grant , McGeary Donald , Silver Julie K. , Washington Mariam , Houle Tim T. , Stampas Argyrios , Schappell Justin , Smith Sarah , Verduzco‐Gutierrez Monica 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAs the proportion of women and individuals who are underrepresented in medicine slowly rises, disparities persist in numerous arenas and specialties. In physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R), there is a continued need to focus on diversity among trainees. This study aims to evaluate diversity among PM&R applicants and residents over the past 6 years.ObjectiveTo describe the demographic trends in PM&R over the last 6 years and compare those findings with trends in other specialties.DesignSurveillance.SettingAnalyses of national databases from self‐reported questionnaires.ParticipantsThe study consists of 126,833 medical school matriculants, 374,185 resident applicants, and 326,134 resident trainees over the last 6 years.Main outcome measuresSelf‐reported demographic data from the Association of American Medical Colleges and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education were analyzed for medical school matriculants, PM&R applicants, and current residents for the cycles of 2014–2015 to 2019–2020. The data were then comparatively reviewed between PM&R and other medical specialties.ResultsIn the 6 cycles evaluated, women accounted for 36%–39% of PM&R residents, but 47%–48% in non‐PM&R specialties. Women applicants to the PM&R specialty averaged 34.4% over the 6 years analyzed, which was the fourth lowest of the 11 specialties examined. Black or African American and Hispanic, Latino, or of Spanish Origin populations each accounted for only 6% of PM&R residents. PM&R demonstrated a noticeably higher proportion of White (62.1% vs. 60.3%) and an observably lower proportion of Black or African American (6.0% vs. 7.1%) and Hispanic, Latino, or of Spanish Origin (6.3% vs. 7.9%) residents compared with non‐PM&R specialties.ConclusionThere is underrepresentation of women and multiple racial and ethnic minority groups in the field of PM&R from applicants to trainees demonstrating a need to improve recruitment efforts.
Electrophilicity and nucleophilicity scales at different DFT computational levels
Authors: Ríos‐Gutiérrez Mar , Saz Sousa Alejandro , Domingo Luis R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe reference electrophilicity and nucleophilicity scales established at the B3LYP/6‐31G(d) level are herein extended by least squares regressions to the most common DFT computational methods used in theoretical organic chemistry studies, including B3LYP, MPWB1K, M062‐X, and ωB97x‐D, in combination with basis sets of the type 6‐31G and 6‐311G with different degrees of polarization and diffuse functions. Excellent linear correlations with coefficient of determination R2 values between 0.97 and 1.00 are obtained. In this work, the new lower and upper threshold values of the scales are established at 48 DFT computational levels, which enables the direct classification and quantification of the electrophilic and nucleophilic character of molecules without necessarily relying upon the B3LYP/6‐31G(d) scales. The present study shows that although the strong, moderate, or marginal thresholds of the electrophilicity and nucleophilicity scales can be modified up to a 24% (ωB97x‐D/6‐31G(d)) with the computational level, the relative position of the reagents on these scales does not change, allowing them to be used in the study of relative chemical reactivity.