bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk period for transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal influenza: a rapid review
Authors: Stone Erin C. , Okasako-Schmucker Devon L. , Taliano Joanna , Schaefer Melissa , Kuhar David T. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background:
Restricting infectious healthcare workers (HCWs) from the workplace is an important infection prevention strategy. The duration of viral shedding or symptoms are often used as proxies for the infectious period in adults but may not accurately estimate it.

Objective:
To determine the risk period for transmission among previously healthy adults infected with SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant (omicron) or influenza A (influenza) by examining the duration of shedding and symptoms, and day of symptom onset in secondary cases of transmission pairs.

Design:
Rapid review

Methods:
This rapid review adhered to PRISMA-ScR; five databases were searched. The cumulative daily proportion of participants with an outcome of interest was calculated for each study and summarized.

Results:
Forty-three studies were included. Shedding resolved among ≥ 70% of participants by the end of day nine post symptom onset for omicron, and day seven for influenza; and for ≥ 90% of participants, by the end of day 10 for omicron and day nine for influenza. Two studies suggested shedding continues > 24 hours post-fever resolution for both viruses. Symptom onset occurred in ≥ 80% of secondary cases by the end of day seven post-primary case symptom onset for omicron and day six for influenza.

Conclusions:
Omicron shedding is consistent with previous recommendations to exclude infected HCWs from work for 10 days; and influenza follows a similar trend. Earlier symptom onset in most secondary cases for both pathogens indicates that, despite persistent viral shedding, most transmission occurs earlier; and the cumulative serial interval might better approximate the duration of infectiousness.
Failure of timely removal of central and peripheral venous catheters after antibiotic therapy in nursing homes
Authors: Mauricio Amarah , Hsi Joshua B. , Tjoa Tom , Singh Raveena D. , Nourollahi Shereen , Saavedra Raheeb , Bahadori Bardia , Alsharif Mohamad N. , Tam Steven , Chang Justin , Rashid Syma , Gohil Shruti K. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Each day a venous catheter is retained poses unnecessary safety risks. In a retrospective evaluation of central/peripheral lines in nursing home residents receiving antibiotics, 80% were retained beyond antibiotic treatment end and nearly one third were retained longer than a week. Interventions for timely catheter removal are urgently needed.
Elimination of Legionella colonization in a hospital water system: evidence from 23 years of chlorine dioxide use
Authors: Exum Natalie G. , Avolio Lindsay N. , Bova Gregory , Rock Clare , Curless Melanie S. , Maragakis Lisa L. , Schwab Kellogg J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A hospital water system colonized with Legionella bacteria (three of four buildings, with > 50% of positive samples) was able to reduce detections to <1% positivity in the long term only after ClO2 was iteratively added first to the cold-water and then hot-water systems followed by pipe replacements (n = 6835 total samples).
Ditching the defaults: Assessing the impact of default duration removal on antibiotic prescriptions originating in the emergency department
Authors: Van Abel Amy L. , Stevens Ryan W. , Ausman Sara , Arensman Hannan Kellie , Ilges Dan , Kooda Kirstin , Lessard Sarah , Willis Courtney M. , Rivera Christina G. , Jensen Kelsey 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Reducing antimicrobial exposure by limiting the duration of therapy is an effective antimicrobial stewardship strategy. In this article, we describe the impact of modification of the electronic health record to remove default durations of therapy on ambulatory antibiotic prescriptions issued from emergency departments in a large, multicenter health system.
Risk factors for the development of Clostridioides difficile infection in patients colonized with toxigenic Clostridioides difficile
Authors: Clement Josh , Barlingay Gauri , Addepalli Sindhu , Bang Heejung , Donnelley Monica A. , Cohen Stuart H. , Crabtree Scott 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective:
Asymptomatic patients colonized with toxigenic Clostridioides difficile are at risk of progressing to C. difficile infection (CDI), but risk factors associated with progression are poorly understood. The objectives of this study were to estimate the incidence and identify risk factors to progression of hospital-onset CDI (HO-CDI) among colonized patients.

Methods:
This was a nested case-control study at an academic medical center including adult patients colonized with toxigenic C. difficile, detected via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on a rectal swab collected on admission from 2017 to 2020. Patients with prior CDI or symptoms on admission, neutropenia, prior rectal surgery, or hospitalization less than 24 hours were excluded. Colonized patients that developed HO-CDI were matched 1:3 to colonized patients who did not based on PCR test date. Bivariate and multivariable-adjusted Cox regression analyses were used to identify risk factors.

Results:
Of 2,150 colonized patients, 109 developed HO-CDI, with an incidence of 5.1%. After exclusions, 321 patients (69 with HO-CDI) were included, with an estimated incidence of 4.2%. Risk factors included cirrhosis (aHR 1.94), ICU admission (aHR 1.76), malignancy (aHR 1.88), and hospitalization within six months (aHR 1.6). Prior antibiotic exposure in the past three months (aHR 2.14) and receipt of at-risk antibiotics were also identified as potential risk factors (aHR 2.17).

Conclusions:
Progression to HO-CDI among colonized patients was not uncommon. This study highlights key risk factors associated with progression, underscoring the importance of enhanced monitoring and prevention efforts tailored to high-risk populations to mitigate HO-CDI.
Science ‘subservient to profit’? William Jackson Hooker and the first Glasgow Botanic Gardens (1817–1841)
Authors: Cournil Mélanie 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article examines the scientific legacy of the first Glasgow Botanic Gardens and the part they played in the global circulation of botanical knowledge, from their creation in 1817 to their relocation to the West End of Glasgow in 1841. Located in a thriving industrial city with strong commercial ties to the British Caribbean, the gardens stood at an important crossroads of political and economic interests, scientific discovery, cultural innovation and imperial motives. They were managed by the talented English botanist William Jackson Hooker, who strove to transform them into a training ground for prospective botanists and a leading scientific institution. Yet, like many other botanical establishments of similar stature at the time, the gardens encountered many financial setbacks that hampered their success and threatened the scientific ambitions of Hooker and his peers. This article discusses the extent of the gardens’ scientific contribution within and beyond the borders of Britain and seeks to determine the degree to which science in these gardens was constrained by economic factors.
Freshwater trematodes in Iceland and the surrounding north – current advances and questions
Authors: Faltýnková A. , Kudlai O. , Jouet D. , O’Dwyer K. , Pantoja C. , Skírnisson K. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Iceland is an isolated, sub-Arctic, oceanic island of volcanic origin in the northern North Atlantic. With a limited faunal diversity and being the most northern point in the distributional range for some species, it is an intriguing model region to study parasite biodiversity and biogeography. Since 2006, there has been a history of intense biodiversity discoveries of freshwater trematodes (Trematoda, Digenea), thanks to the use of integrative taxonomic methods. The majority of digeneans (28 out of 41 known) were characterised with molecular genetic methods and morphological analyses, with some of their life-cycle stages and geographical distribution assessed. A surprising diversity has been discovered, comprising species of the families Allocreadiidae, Cyclocoeliidae, Diplostomidae, Echinostomatidae, Gorgoderidae, Plagiorchiidae, Notocotylidae, Schistosomatidae, and Strigeidae. Many of the recorded species complete their life cycles within Iceland, with three snail species (Ampullaceana balthica, Gyraulus parvus, Physa acuta) known as intermediate hosts. No trematodes endemic for Iceland were found; they appear to be generalists with wide geographical ranges dispersed mainly by migratory birds. Interestingly, fish trematodes recorded in Iceland were found in mainland Europe, indicating that they might be dispersed by anadromous fishes, by human activity, or by migratory birds carrying intermediate hosts. The trematode fauna is mainly Palaearctic, with few species recorded in North America. We highlight the ongoing need for precise species identification via integrative taxonomic methods, which is a baseline for any further ecological studies and adequate epidemiological and conservation measures. Also, there is still a need of obtaining well-preserved vouchers of adults for definite species delimitation.
Closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects using the Amplatzer vascular plug II: experience of a Mexican centre
Authors: Mijangos-Vázquez Roberto , Hernández-Reyes Rogelio 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives:
To demonstrate safety and efficacy of using the AmplatzerTM vascular plug II device for perimembranous ventricular septal defect closure with retrograde approach and show the follow-up in all patients.

Background:
At present, there is no FDA-approved device for transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects. Small studies and case reports have shown the use of various catheter-based devices in an off-label management; however, there are no large studies to show their efficacy. The second generation of AmplatzerTM vascular plug seems to offer a safe and attractive alternative for this procedure. Besides, a retrograde approach might decrease procedure time and radiation exposure time.

Methods and Results:
Patients with congenital perimembranous ventricular septal defects who underwent transcatheter closure using Amplatzer vascular plug II devices were included. Primary end point was to determine efficacy and safety of this generation of devices and the incidence of complications at follow-up (complete heart block and aortic/tricuspid/mitral regurgitation). Forty-five patients underwent perimembranous ventricular septal defect closure at a median age of 6 years (9 months–17 years). During the catheterization, there were only minor complications and at follow-up of 48 ± 25.7 months (up to 96 months). Closure rate was high of 93.3% and freedom from atrioventricular block was 100%.

Conclusions:
The second generation of the AmplatzerTM vascular plug II seems to offer a safe and attractive alternative for percutaneous closure of the perimembranous ventricular septal defects.
Use of ivabradine in tachycardia due to hyperthyroidism in a child: a case report and literature review
Authors: Küçük Mehtap , Erdoğan İlkay , Varan Birgül , Tokel N. Kürşad 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Sinus tachycardia due to hyperthyroidism is generally treated with beta-blockers. But some patients do not respond to beta-blockers or may have non-tolerable side effects or have contraindications. We presented a case with persistent sinus tachycardia secondary to hyperthyroidism refractory to maximal doses of propranolol. After ivabradine treatment, her heart rate was < 100 bpm within 24 hours. There were no electrocardiogram changes or side effects. The use of ivabradine is promising and can be considered in cases where tachycardia cannot be controlled in children with hyperthyroidism.
The DBT Coach App as an adjunct to a comprehensive DBT programme for adolescents: an acceptability and feasibility study
Authors: Ramzan N. , Camp J. , Tranah T. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Smartphone apps combined with psychological interventions may be beneficial for increasing adherence to treatment tasks and augmenting outcomes. Yet, there is limited research on the acceptability and feasibility of adjunctive smartphone apps with psychological therapies for adolescents engaging in self-harm and suicidal behaviours. This study aimed to evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of integrating the Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) Coach app as an adjunct to a comprehensive DBT programme. The study also aimed to explore statistical trends of the potential relationship between the DBT Coach app and symptom reduction, including self-harm, borderline personality disorder symptoms, emotion dysregulation, and DBT skill use, to inform future study design. A mixed-method design was used to evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of the app and clinician’s portal from the perspective of adolescent and clinician participants. Thematic analysis was used to analyse qualitative data. Results indicated varied experiences of acceptability and feasibility of the DBT Coach app and portal as an adjunct to DBT. Thematic analysis generated four over-arching themes and ten subthemes. The regression analysis provided statistical trends regarding potential relationships between app use and clinical outcomes, which would be helpful to explore in future research. Findings suggest that the app and portal were acceptable and feasible for the most part, with some barriers and challenges identified. Implications of this study are discussed.

Key learning aims

(1)
To learn about the acceptability and feasibility of using a smartphone application as an adjunct to a DBT skills group within a comprehensive DBT programme for adolescents.

(2)
To explore whether there is a relationship between app use and clinical outcome at the end of the group intervention.

(3)
To learn about the experiences of adolescents and clinicians using the smartphone app as an adjunct to the DBT skills group.
Skill dependencies uncover nested human capital
Authors: Hosseinioun Moh , Neffke Frank , Zhang Letian , Youn Hyejin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Modern economies require increasingly diverse and specialized skills, many of which depend on the acquisition of other skills first. Here we analyse US survey data to reveal a nested structure within skill portfolios, where the direction of dependency is inferred from asymmetrical conditional probabilities—occupations require one skill conditional on another. This directional nature suggests that advanced, specific skills and knowledge are often built upon broader, fundamental ones. We examine 70 million job transitions to show that human capital development and career progression follow this structured pathway in which skills more aligned with the nested structure command higher wage premiums, require longer education and are less likely to be automated. These disparities are evident across genders and racial/ethnic groups, explaining long-term wage penalties. Finally, we find that this nested structure has become even more pronounced over the past two decades, indicating increased barriers to upward job mobility.
Twist–torsion coupling in beating axonemes
Authors: Striegler Martin , Diez Stefan , Friedrich Benjamin M. , Geyer Veikko F. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Motile cilia and flagella produce regular bending waves that enable single-cell navigation due to non-planar waveforms with characteristic torsion. However, it is not known how torsion, a geometric property of the three-dimensional waveform, relates to mechanical twist deformations of the axoneme, the conserved cytoskeletal core of cilia and flagella. Here we show that axoneme twisting and torsion are coupled and that twist waves propagate along the beating axoneme of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii algae. We resolve the three-dimensional shapes of the axonemal waveform with nanometre precision at millisecond timescales using defocused dark-field microscopy and beat-cycle averaging, observing regular hetero-chiral torsion waves propagating base to tip. To investigate whether the observed torsion results from axonemal twist, we attach gold nanoparticles to axonemes and measure their cross-section rotation during beating. We find that, locally, the axonemal cross-section co-rotates with the bending plane, evidencing twist–torsion coupling. Our results demonstrate the link between shape and mechanical deformation in beating axonemes and can inform models of the dynamics of motor proteins inside the axoneme responsible for shaping the beat of motile cilia.
Mixed polytype/polymorph formation in InSe films grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs(111)B
Authors: Hilse Maria , Rodriguez Justin , Gray Jennifer , Yao Jinyuan , Ding Shaoqing , Liu Derrick Shao Heng , Li Mo , Young Joshua , Liu Ying , Engel-Herbert Roman 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We report the growth of InSe films on semi-insulating GaAs(111)B substrates by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Excellent nucleation behavior resulted in the growth of smooth, single-phase InSe films. The dominant polytype was the targeted γ-InSe. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of three bulk polytypes β, γ, and ε-InSe arranged in nanosized domains, which can be interpreted as sequences of stacking faults and rotational twin boundaries of γ-InSe. Additionally, a centrosymmetric Se-In-In-Se layer polymorph with

$$P\bar{3}m$$

P

3

̅

m

symmetry was identified as typically not present in bulk. Sizeable differences in their electronic properties were found, which resulted in sizeable electronic disorder arising from the nanoscale polytype arrangement that dominated the electronic transport properties. While MBE is a viable synthesis route towards stabilization of InSe polytypes not present in the bulk, an improved understanding to form the targeted polymorph is required to ultimately inscribe a layer sequence on demand utilizing bottom-up synthesis approaches.
The cellular and molecular cardiac tissue responses in human inflammatory cardiomyopathies after SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination
Authors: Maatz Henrike , Lindberg Eric L. , Adami Eleonora , López-Anguita Natalia , Perdomo-Sabogal Alvaro , Cocera Ortega Lucía , Patone Giannino , Reichart Daniel , Myronova Anna , Schmidt Sabine , Elsanhoury Ahmed , Klein Oliver , Kühl Uwe , Wyler Emanuel , Landthaler Markus , Yousefian Schayan , Haas Simon , Kurth Florian , Teichmann Sarah A. , Oudit Gavin Y. , Milting Hendrik , Noseda Michela , Seidman Jonathan G. , Seidman Christine E. , Heidecker Bettina , Sander Leif E. , Sawitzki Birgit , Klingel Karin , Doeblin Patrick , Kelle Sebastian , Van Linthout Sophie , Hubner Norbert , Tschöpe Carsten 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Myocarditis, characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration, can have multiple etiologies, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection or, rarely, mRNA-based coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. The underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing on left ventricular endomyocardial biopsies from patients with myocarditis unrelated to COVID-19 (Non-COVID-19), after SARS-CoV-2 infection (Post-COVID-19) and after COVID-19 vaccination (Post-Vaccination). We identified distinct cytokine expression patterns, with interferon-γ playing a key role in Post-COVID-19, and upregulated IL16 and IL18 expression serving as a hallmark of Post-Vaccination myocarditis. Although myeloid responses were similar across all groups, the Post-Vaccination group showed a higher proportion of CD4+ T cells, and the Post-COVID-19 group exhibited an expansion of cytotoxic CD8+ T and natural killer cells. Endothelial cells showed gene expression changes indicative of vascular barrier dysfunction in the Post-COVID-19 group and ongoing angiogenesis across all groups. These findings highlight shared and distinct mechanisms driving myocarditis in patients with and without a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination.
Listener Discrimination and Effort in Different Levels of Background Noise for Clear Speech Produced by Speakers With Parkinson Disease
Authors: Morse Kenneth V. , Coy Anna Gravelin 
Published: February 2025

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of clear speech on listener discrimination and listener effort.

Method:

Seventeen normal-hearing young adults listened to recorded sentences spoken by individuals with Parkinson disease and hypokinetic dysarthria pre– and post–clear speech instruction. Sentences were presented in the background noise at four different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). We quantified listener discrimination by the number of correct words the participant repeated back and the SNR at which the participant achieved 50% correct word recognition (SNR-50). We quantified listener effort subjectively and with pupillometry. Mixed-model analyses of variance were used to determine the main effect of speech condition (habitual, clear), the main effect of dB SNR (+10, +5, 0, and −5), and the interaction between speech condition and dB SNR for (a) number of correct words, (b) subjective listening effort, and (c) mean pupil diameter. A paired-samples
t
test was used to determine the difference in SNR-50 between habitual and clear speech conditions.

Results:
Better discrimination in the clear condition was indicated by significantly more correct words repeated back and a significantly lower SNR-50. Reduced listening effort in the clear condition was indicated by significantly lower subjectively reported listening effort and smaller mean pupil diameter. The greatest difference between the clear and habitual condition was at 0 dB SNR.

Conclusions:
Clear speech instruction improved listener discrimination and reduced effort indicated by subjective, behavioral, and physiological measurements. The greatest improvement was seen in adverse listening conditions with background noise, but when the background noise was too loud to overcome, there was no benefit to hearing clear versus habitual speech.