bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A social-ecological model of working from home during COVID-19
Authors: Pawluk De-Toledo Katherine , O’Hern Steve , Koppel Sjaan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWorking from Home (WFH) is emerging as a critical measure for reducing transport demand. Indeed, the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed that trip avoidance measures, especially WFH, could help address Sustainable Development Goal 11.2 (creating sustainable transport systems in cities) by decreasing commuter trips by private motor vehicles. This study aimed to explore and identify the attributes that supported WFH during the pandemic and construct a Social-Ecological Model (SEM) of WFH within the context of travel behaviour. We conducted in-depth interviews with 19 stakeholders from Melbourne, Australia and found that WFH during COVID-19 has fundamentally changed commuter travel behaviour. There was a consensus among participants that a hybrid-work model will emerge post-COVID-19 (e.g., working three days in the office and two days at home). We identified 21 attributes that influenced WFH and mapped these attributes across the five traditional SEM levels (intrapersonal, interpersonal, institutional, community and public policy). In addition, we proposed a sixth higher-order level: “global”, to reflect the worldwide phenomena of COVID-19 and computer programs that also supported WFH. We found that WFH attributes were concentrated at the intrapersonal (individual) and institutional (workplace) levels. Indeed, workplaces are key to supporting WFH in the long-term. Whereby, workplace provision of laptops, office equipment, internet connection and flexible work policies enable WFH, and unsupportive organisational cultures and managers are potential barriers to WFH. This SEM of WFH benefits both researchers and practitioners by providing guidance of the key attributes required to sustain WFH behaviours post-COVID-19.
Taking Back Control: Findings on the Cognitive, Behavioral, and Motivational Consequences of Victim Sensitivity
Authors: Buchholz Merle , Gollwitzer Mario , Magraw-Mickelson Zoe , Stolz Christopher , Süssenbach Philipp 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBeing duped is an aversive experience which people are motivated to avoid. For this reason, especially people with a high fear of exploitation (i.e., people high in victim sensitivity; VS) often behave pre-emptively selfish and defensive in socially uncertain situations. Because the cognitive and motivational processes underlying such defensiveness have received little attention so far, we conducted two studies aiming to close this research gap. In Study 1 (n = 84), we used virtual reality technology to examine whether social distancing, hostile interpretations of an interaction partner’s intentions and behavior, and legitimizing cognitions regarding own selfish reactions (as elements of a suspicious mindset) mediate the effect of VS on uncooperativeness. Results did not show the expected mediation, but VS was still related to hostile information processing and fear of exploitation. In Study 2 (n = 273), we extended these findings by showing that defensive reactions of people high in VS can be attenuated if a sense of control is reinforced. Together, the two studies crucially expand our knowledge of the defensive motivational system in victim-sensitive individuals.
Predictability performance of urinary C–C motif chemokine ligand 14 and renal resistive index for persistent sepsis-associated acute kidney injury in ICU patients
Authors: Jiang Wei , Liao Ting , Yu Jiangquan , Shao Jun , Zheng Ruiqiang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objectives
The performance of renal resistance index (RRI) in predicting persistent sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (S-AKI) remains debatable, and the value of urinary C–C motif chemokine ligand 14 (CCL14) in predicting persistent S-AKI has not been validated yet. Therefore, we aimed to determine the applicability of a urinary biomarker CCL14 for the early detection of persistent S-AKI. Furthermore, the use of RRI obtained from renal Doppler ultrasonography was applied to differentiate transient from persistent S-AKI. Finally, we aimed to evaluate the use of these techniques in predicting different subtypes of S-AKI.

Methods
This prospective observational study was conducted at the internal medicine intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital. The RRI was determined within 12 h of ICU admission and the urinary CCL14 was evaluated at T0, T6, T12, and T24. The reversibility of renal dysfunction was assessed within 48 h. The receiver operating characteristic curves were then plotted to assess the diagnostic efficacy of the RRI and urinary CCL14 in predicting persistent S-AKI.

Results
Out of 48 patients, 23 developed persistent S-AKI upon admission. The RRI was higher in the persistent S-AKI group (P = 0.02) and the RRI ≥ 0.679 could predict persistent S-AKI with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.79 (95% CI 0.65–0.93), a sensitivity of 91.30% (95% CI 70–98%), and a specificity of 65.20% (95% CI 43–83%). Urinary CCL14 was not significantly different between the two groups at the tested period, showing poor diagnostic performance at T0, T6, T12, and T24, with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.56 (95% CI 0.38–0.73), 0.62 (95% CI 0.46–0.79), 0.52 (95% CI 0.35–0.68), and 0.60 (95% CI 0.43–0.77), respectively.

Conclusions
The RRI obtained from renal Doppler ultrasound is extremely effective in predicting persistent S-AKI in critically ill patients, and urinary CCL14 could not distinguish between transient and persistent S-AKIs.
Multi-material blind beam hardening correction in near real-time based on non-linearity adjustment of projections
Authors: Alsaffar Ammar , Sun Kaicong , Simon Sven 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBeam hardening (BH) is one of the major artifacts that severely reduces the quality of computed tomography (CT) imaging. This BH artifact arises due to the polychromatic nature of the X-ray source and causes cupping and streak artifacts. This work aims to propose a fast and accurate BH correction method that requires no prior knowledge of the materials and corrects first and higher-order BH artifacts. This is achieved by performing a wide sweep of the material based on an experimentally measured look-up table to obtain the closest estimate of the material. Then, the non-linearity effect of the BH is corrected by adding the difference between the estimated monochromatic and the polychromatic simulated projections of the segmented image. The estimated polychromatic projection is accurately derived using the least square estimation (LSE) method by minimizing the difference between the experimental projection and the linear combination of simulated polychromatic projections. As a result, an accurate non-linearity correction term is derived that leads to an accurate BH correction result. The simulated projections in this work are performed using a multi-GPU-accelerated forward projection model which ensures a fast BH correction in near real-time. To evaluate the proposed BH correction method, we have conducted extensive experiments on real-world CT data. It is shown that the proposed method results in images with improved contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) in comparison to the images corrected from only the scatter artifacts and the BH-corrected images using the state-of-the-art empirical BH correction method.
Ungleicher Besitz. Perspektiven einer klassensoziologischen Untersuchung von Vermögen
Authors: Waitkus Nora 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungDas Schisma zwischen Eigentum und Nicht-Eigentum an Produktivvermögen galt einst als der zentrale Klassengegensatz in kapitalistischen Gesellschaften. In den klassensoziologischen Debatten der letzten Dekaden wurde die Vermögensungleichheit dagegen eher randständig behandelt. In Deutschland besitzt das reichste Prozent der Bevölkerung rund 35 Prozent des gesamten Vermögens, und bis weit in die Mittelschichten hinein haben Wohneigentum und Finanzvermögen eine wichtige Funktion für die soziale Absicherung und Statusreproduktion. Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, inwiefern die empirische Klassensoziologie Vermögen als Dimension sozialer Ungleichheit untersuchen kann. Auf der Grundlage von Daten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) werden mit dem berufs-, eigentums- und portfoliobasierten Konzept drei Perspektiven dahingehend verglichen, inwiefern sie Vermögensungleichheiten als Klassenungleichheiten zu verstehen erlauben. Es zeigt sich, dass über den ungleichen Umfang der Vermögen hinaus die unterschiedlichen Zusammensetzungen wesentlich zur differenzierten Erfassung von Klassenunterschieden sind: Insbesondere in der oberen Mitte der Vermögensverteilung und Berufsklassenstruktur gibt es eine horizontale Differenzierung in den Vermögensportfolios, die bei einer Betrachtung nur der Nettovermögen verborgen bliebe. Der Berufsklassen- bzw. „employment-aggregate“-Ansatz bietet nur begrenzt die Möglichkeit, die sozialstrukturelle Varianz dieser Portfoliounterschiede zu veranschaulichen. Wenn es dagegen um eine vertikale Unterscheidung in Vermögende und Nicht-Vermögende in der Tradition der Besitzklassenlogik geht, stellen Eigentumsklassen eine einfach zu operationalisierende Variante dar. Das in Anlehnung an die Bourdieu’sche Kapitaltheorie gebildete Portfolioklassenmodell wird als eine mögliche Alternative daraufhin untersucht, ob es ein genaueres Bild von den Vermögenszusammensetzungen und deren sozialstruktureller Verortung zu geben vermag.
In-Situ X-ray Diffraction Analysis of Metastable Austenite Containing Steels Under Mechanical Loading at a Wide Strain Rate Range
Authors: Isakov Matti , Langi Veera , Pun Lalit , Soares Guilherme Corrêa , Kantor Innokenty , Jørgensen Mads Ry Vogel , Hokka Mikko 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper presents and discusses the methodology and technical aspects of mechanical tests carried out at a wide strain rate range with simultaneous synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements. The motivation for the study was to develop capabilities forin-situcharacterization of the loading rate dependency of mechanically induced phase transformations in steels containing metastable austenite. The experiments were carried out at the DanMAX beamline of the MAX IV Laboratory, into which a custom-made tensile loading device was incorporated. The test setup was supplemented within-situoptical imaging of the specimen, which allowed digital image correlation-based deformation analysis. All the measurement channels were synchronized to a common time basis with trigger signals between the devices as well as post-test fine tuning based on diffraction ring shape analysis. This facilitated precise correlation between the mechanical and diffraction data at strain rates up to 1 s−1corresponding to test duration of less than one second. Diffraction data were collected at an acquisition rate of 250 Hz, which provided excellent temporal resolution. The feasibility of the methodology is demonstrated by providing novel data on the kinetics of the martensitic phase transformation in EN 1.4318-alloy following a rapid increase in strain rate (a so-called jump test).
Smaller, lighter coloured and less hairy Procladius (Diptera, Chironomidae) in warmer climate
Authors: Brodin Yngve , Hellberg Jörgen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe relationship between body size, colour and hairiness of Procladius of the Diptera family Chironomidae and climate measured as annual mean air temperature was analysed. The study was based on 453 males representing 31 species from 253 localities in 27 countries in Europe and six elsewhere. Wing length as well as three other characters reflecting body size showed significant decrease with warmer climate conditions. The results are in line with several other studies of insects concluding that adult insects are smaller in warmer climate, also considering the implications of global warming. Likewise, all five characters representing colour lightness showed significantly lighter coloured Procladius specimens with warmer climate. The relationship between hairiness and annual mean air temperature was weaker than that of size or colour and temperature, but all five characters studied showed a statistically significant decrease in hairiness with warmer climate. The biological relevance of smaller size, lighter colour and less hairiness in warmer climate can be related to several factors regulating flight and swarming, including less need of protection against cold weather, overheating avoidance, mating success agility and predator escape.
Adverse health outcomes in early childhood (birth to 5 years) and ambient air pollutant exposures: a systematic review
Authors: Spencer-Hwang Rhonda , Hwang Jayden , Sinclair Ryan , Dennis Stephanie , Montgomery Susanne 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Air pollution is a significant health threat around the world. Young children are a more vulnerable population. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and World Health Organizations (WHO) guidelines may not adequately protect them. Given children’s rapid growth, it is important to review studies, consider the weight of evidence, and identify knowledge gaps. Our purpose was to conduct a systematic literature review of epidemiological studies of adverse health outcomes not previously considered; specifically, we reviewed evidence for traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) CO, NO2, SO2, O3, PM10, and PM2.5 in children ≤ 5 years in age, with special attention to adverse effects occurring within current air pollutant guidelines. Data sources are electronic search of PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar. Articles on air pollutants and additional health outcomes in children (0–5 years), between Jan. 1997 and Dec. 2018. Search included terms such as “air pollution, children, and adverse effects”. Fifty-two studies met the inclusion criteria. Seven (7) health outcome categories were identified: respiratory diseases; developmental disorders; allergies, eczema, and allergic rhinitis; ear infections; cancer; obesity; and others, with greatest associations for respiratory and developmental disorders. Strongest findings were for NO2, O3, PM10, and PM2.5, and most health effects reviewed occurred within WHO limits. Our findings are pertinent for health professionals, researchers, government officials, and others to collaboratively support policy efforts toward exposure reductions for pregnant women and children to prevent acute and chronic diseases. This is critical for building a culture of health and ensuring health equity for vulnerable populations.
Sleep Consequences of Prader-Willi Syndrome
Authors: Itani Reem , Gillett Emily S. , Perez Iris A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Purpose of Review
This paper reviews how sleep is impacted in patients with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), focusing on sleep-related breathing disturbances and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS).

Recent Findings
Hypothalamic dysfunction may underlie several aspects of the PWS phenotype. Central sleep apnea (CSA) can persist beyond infancy. Nocturnal hypoventilation is common and may occur without central or obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Adenotonsillectomy, a mainstay of OSA treatment, may cause velopharyngeal insufficiency. Growth hormone (GH) is considered safe, but close surveillance for OSA remains important. Cardiac autonomic dysfunction occurs during slow wave sleep and may increase the risk of cardiovascular events. EDS and narcolepsy are also common. Modafinil and pitolisant are treatment options currently being studied.

Summary
Sleep disorders are prevalent in individuals with PWS. Sleep-related breathing disorders present as CSA in infancy and later in life as OSA and hypoventilation. GH therapy has improved the clinical outcomes of patients with PWS, but close surveillance and treatment for OSA is recommended. EDS can persist even after sleep-related breathing disorders are treated, and some individuals may even develop narcolepsy. Early recognition and treatment of sleep-related disorders may prevent morbidity and result in improved survival of patients with PWS.
Does status stability benefit or hurt team creativity? the roles of status legitimacy and team conflict
Authors: Luo Shiwen , Wang Jie , Xie Zaiyang , Kin Tong David Yoon 
Published: February 2023

AbstractStatus stability, which refers to the stability of team members’ relative status levels, has a profound effect on team effectiveness, but this effect may be either constructive or destructive; the literature has failed to reach consensus on this topic. To reconcile two contradictory views based on differentiating between different types of conflict, we constructed a comprehensive theoretical model of the mechanism underlying the effect of status stability; this model features relationship conflict and task conflict as mediators, status legitimacy as a moderator, and team creativity as an outcome variable. We also proposed four hypotheses on the basis of theoretical analysis. In this study, we used SPSS 23.0, AMOS 24.0 and R software to conduct empirical analysis and testing of 369 valid questionnaires collected from 83 teams using a two-stage measurement method. The results revealed that status stability negatively affects team creativity via task conflict and positively affects team creativity via relationship conflict. However, under the influence of status legitimacy, the negative effect is restrained, while the positive effect is enhanced. This study thus expands the research on the process mechanism and boundary conditions associated with status stability, and can serve as a useful reference for the design of the status structure of modern enterprises.
Defending the Pathological Complexity Thesis
Authors: Veit Walter 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this article, I respond to commentaries by Eva Jablonka and Simona Ginsburg and by David Spurrett on my target article “Complexity and the Evolution of Consciousness,” in which I have offered the first extended articulation of my pathological complexity thesis as a hypothesis about the evolutionary origins and function of consciousness. My reply is structured by the arguments raised rather than by author and will offer a more detailed explication of some aspects of the pathological complexity thesis.
Assessing Thai Hospitals’ Evacuation Preparedness Using the Flexible Surge Capacity Concept and Its Collaborative Tool
Authors: Phattharapornjaroen Phatthranit , Carlström Eric , Holmqvist Lina Dahlén , Sittichanbuncha Yuwares , Khorram-Manesh Amir 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAccording to the concept of “flexible surge capacity,” hospitals may need to be evacuated on two occasions: (1) when they are exposed to danger, such as in war; and (2) when they are contaminated, such as during the Covid-19 pandemic. In the former, the entire hospital must be evacuated, while in the latter, the hospital becomes a pandemic center necessitating the transfer of its non-contaminated staff, patients, and routine activities to other facilities. Such occasions involve several degrees of evacuation—partial or total—yet all require deliberate surge planning and collaboration with diverse authorities. This study aimed to investigate the extent of hospital evacuation preparedness in Thailand, using the main elements of the flexible surge capacity concept. A mixed method cross-sectional study was conducted using a hospital evacuation questionnaire from a previously published multinational hospital evacuation study. The tool contained questions regarding evacuation preparedness encompassing surge capacity and collaborative elements and an open-ended inquiry to grasp potential perspectives. All 143 secondary care, tertiary care, and university hospitals received the questionnaire; 43 hospitals provided responses. The findings indicate glitches in evacuation protocols, particularly triage systems, the inadequacies of surge planning and multiagency collaboration, and knowledge limitations in community capabilities. In conclusion, the applications of the essential components of flexible surge capacity allow the assessment of hospital preparedness and facilitate the evaluation of guidelines and instructions through scenario-based training exercises.
Impact of Spatial Scale and Building Exposure Distribution on Earthquake Insurance Rates: A Case Study in Tangshan, China
Authors: Zhang Pan , Li Xiaojun , Liu Chen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn order to examine the effect of spatial scale and building exposure distribution on the pure rate of earthquake catastrophe insurance, this study described three modules for rate determination, put forward the general assumptions and principles for calculating the pure insurance rate, and introduced three types of building distribution and their calculation. Taking Tangshan City of Hebei Province in China as an example, we analyzed the pure rate of regional earthquake insurance in terms of spatial scale and building exposure distribution by using the method of control variables. The results show that for districts (or counties) with large differences in seismic risk, the risk areas can be further divided to apply differential rates. In areas with a diverse distribution of potential earthquake source areas and large differences in building density, there is a risk of overestimating or underestimating the pure rate of earthquake insurance when buildings are distributed evenly or partially evenly. This violates the break-even principle of rate setting. This study also provides a reference for earthquake catastrophe insurance companies to choose the spatial scale and the detailed level of exposure distribution in rate determination.
The emerging role of positron emission tomography (PET) in the management of photon radiotherapy-induced vasculitis in head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Delman Allegra , Griffin Matthew T. , Werner Thomas J. , Alavi Abass , Raynor William Y. , Revheim Mona-Elisabeth 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
While radiotherapy (RT) for head and neck cancer (HNC) has made recent strides, RT-induced vasculitis continues to adversely affect long-term patient outcomes. Guidelines for managing this complication remain scarce, supporting the need for a sensitive imaging modality in post-treatment evaluations. In this review, we discuss the current literature regarding 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and 18F-sodium fluoride (NaF-PET) in evaluating RT-induced vasculitis in HNC patients, highlighting several arenas of evolving clinical significance: (1) early recognition and standardized evaluation of RT-induced vasculitis, and (2) potential for a multifaceted diagnostic tool to stratify cardiovascular risk in HNC patients.

Methods
Numerous databases, including, but not limited to, Google Scholar and PubMed, were utilized to compile a body of literature regarding PET imaging of RT-induced vasculitis in HNC and related malignancies.

Results
Multiple studies have established the clinical capabilities of FDG-PET/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) for detection and management of RT-induced vasculitis in HNC patients, while NaF-PET/CT remains under investigation. Inflammatory vascular stages may be best analyzed by FDG-PET/CT, while vascular microcalcification and atherosclerotic disease may be supplementally assessed by the unique properties of NaF-PET/CT. With these modalities detecting primary stages of more detrimental vascular complications, PET imaging may carry several advantages over conventional, structural techniques.

Conclusion
FDG-PET/CT and NaF-PET/CT hold significant potential as preliminary diagnostic tools in monitoring early inflammation and atherosclerotic plaque development, warranting further research and attention. Applying these techniques in this context may foster proactive and consistent assessments of RT-induced vasculitis in HNC patients, mitigating potential cardiovascular risks through better-informed treatment decisions.