bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers reflective of cardiac remodelling in diabetes mellitus: A scoping review
Authors: Chhor Michael , Law William , Pavlovic Milan , Aksentijevic Dunja , McGrath Kristine , McClements Lana 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimsThe aim of this scoping review is to evaluate the current biomarkers used in the assessment of adverse cardiac remodelling in people with diabetes mellitus (DM) and in the diagnosis and prognosis of subsequent cardiovascular disease. We aim to discuss the biomarkers' pathophysiological roles as a reflection of the cardiac remodelling mechanisms in the presence of DM.MethodsWe performed the literature search to include studies from 2003 to 2021 using the following databases: MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane library. Articles that met our inclusion criteria were screened and appraised before being included in this review. The PRISMA guidelines for Scoping Reviews were followed.ResultsOur literature search identified a total of 43 eligible articles, which were included in this scoping review. We identified 15 different biomarkers, each described by at least two studies, that were used to determine signs of cardiac remodelling in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and people with DM. NT‐proBNP was identified as the most frequently employed biomarker in this context; however, we also identified emerging biomarkers including hs‐CRP, hs‐cTnT, and Galectin‐3.ConclusionThere is a complex relationship between DM and cardiovascular health, where more research is needed. Current biomarkers reflective of adverse cardiac remodelling in DM are often used to diagnose other CVDs, such as NT‐proBNP for heart failure. Hence there is a need for identification of specific biomarkers that can detect early signs of cardiac remodelling in the presence of DM. Further research into these biomarkers and mechanisms can deepen our understanding of their role in DM‐associated CVD and lead to better preventative therapies.
Fatigue life of unidirectional 90° carbon/epoxy laminates made of conventional and ultra‐thin plies varying manufacturing and testing conditions
Authors: Sánchez‐Carmona Serafín , Correa Elena , Barroso Alberto , París Federico 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUnidirectional 90° laminates (UD‐90) have been tested under tension–tension loading (R = 0.1) to comprehend the effect of different conditions on their fatigue life. Four different case studies have been evaluated: the existence of porosity using two different UD‐90 laminates cured at different pressures in an autoclave, the importance of the surface finishing when a pressure plate is used, the effect of load frequency, and the relevance of the prepreg thickness comparing 190 and 50 g/m2 prepregs while keeping the total thickness of the laminates constant. All these case studies have been analyzed employing S–N curves as the starting point of the authors' current research for the prediction of the onset of transverse damages in ultra‐thin plies in the assessment of different cross‐ply laminates under cyclic loading.
The role of loading mode on the property degradation of adhesives at high temperatures
Authors: de Castro Lopes F. V. B. , Akhavan‐Safar A. , Carbas R. J. C. , Marque E. A. S. , Goyal R. , Jennings J. , da Silva L. F. M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDespite existing studies on the effects of temperature on the behavior of bonded joints, the role of loading mode and test type (strength, fatigue, and fracture tests) on the rate of degradation of adhesive/joint properties at high temperatures has not been adequately investigated. The aim of the current study is to determine if adhesives experience the same rate of degradation at high temperature when they are subjected to different mode mixities. To do so, an epoxy adhesive was subjected to strength, fracture, and S–N fatigue tests, for modes I and II, at different temperatures. The results show that there is a significant difference between the rate of degradation in mode I/tensile and mode II/shear loading conditions. It was also found that the rate of degradation in adhesive properties is a function of test type. Based on the results, by increasing the temperature, a less reduction in tensile strength was found in the Arcan joints (almost 50% reduction) compared with the dogbone specimen (where the strength was reduced by less than 40%). According to the results, for all the considered tests, temperature sensitivity was more noticeable in tensile loading conditions compared with the shear mode. It is shown that despite the reduction in tensile fracture energy with temperature (by around 23%), the shear fracture energy was improved (by over 20%) at 50°C. Based on these results, an S–N model was also developed to create a master S–N curve, plotted as a function of temperature.
The ‘contract’ and its discontents: Can it address protection gaps for migrant agricultural workers in Canada?
Authors: Basok Tanya , Tucker Eric M. , Vosko Leah F. , Caxaj C. Susana , Hennebry Jenna L. , Mayell Stephanie , McLaughlin Janet , Weiler Anelyse M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCanada's Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program has often been portrayed as a model for temporary migration programmes. It is largely governed by the Contracts negotiated between Canada and Mexico and Commonwealth Caribbean countries respectively. This article provides a critical analysis of the Contract by examining its structural context and considers the possibilities and limitations for ameliorating it. It outlines formal recommendations that the article co‐authors presented during the annual Contract negotiations between Canada and sending states in 2020. The article then explains why these recommendations were not accepted, situating the negotiation process within the structural context that produces migrant workers' vulnerability, on the one hand, and limits the capacity of representatives of sending and receiving states to expand rights and offer stronger protections to migrant farmworkers, on the other hand. We argue that fundamental changes are required to address the vulnerability of migrant agricultural workers. In the absence of structural changes, it is nevertheless important to seek improvements in the regulation of the programme through any means possible, including strengthening the Contract.
The impact of a new intervention for venous leg ulcers: A within‐patient controlled trial
Authors: Bull Richard Hillson , Clements Donna , Collarte Agnes Juguilon , Harding Keith Gordon 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA major obstacle to the development of new treatments for venous leg ulcers is the difficulty in generating evidence for their effectiveness. Randomised controlled trials using complete healing as the endpoint are seldom powered to be successful, owing to the heterogeneity of cohorts. A novel approach to the evaluation of treatments is presented, using a self‐controlled trial model and two metrics of short‐term healing rate as alternate endpoints: rate of wound margin advance, and percentage area reduction over 4 weeks. Two different treatment regimens are compared: multi‐layer compression alone, versus multi‐layer compression combined with activation of the venous leg pump by neuromuscular stimulation. With 60 patients, adding neuromuscular stimulation to multilayer compression resulted in a significant two‐fold increase in the rate of wound healing over a 4‐week period, both in terms of wound margin advance and in terms of percentage area reduction. The use of these short‐term intermediate endpoint metrics together with a self‐controlled study design offers potential for distinguishing between the relative efficacies of interventions more rapidly, with greater sensitivity, and with fewer subjects than a conventional RCT cohort model.
Surface and subsurface alterations in freshly fractured and corroded soda‐lime float glass
Authors: Mishra Vipin , Gedeon Ondrej , Gavenda Tadeáš 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe have investigated the corrosion behavior of the soda‐lime silicate float glass on freshly created active surfaces. The process of ion diffusion and ion exchange during surface corrosion is explained at the initial stages. We have reported a unique subsurface activity in the glass, which achieves equilibrium. This varies at the subsurface depth level of ≈ 10–30 nm and is visible as a broad peak in the elemental depth profile. The prolonged corrosion and heating process assists surface relaxation of the glass samples. We have observed the formation of active nucleation sites for the corrosion process on the surface. In this study, we report that the sodium ions and its corrosion compounds are decoupled from other metal ions present in the glass during diffusion relaxation and ion exchange. A combination of time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS) and energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) microanalysis help to explain the evolution and quantify the changes at the initial stages in the freshly formed glass surface.
Educational challenges for 22q11.2 deletion syndrome in Japan: Findings from a mixed methods survey
Authors: Tanaka Miho , Kanehara Akiko , Morishima Ryo , Kumakura Yousuke , Okouchi Noriko , Nakajima Naomi , Hamada Junko , Ogawa Tomoko , Tamune Hidetaka , Nakahara Mutsumi , Jinde Seiichiro , Kano Yukiko , Kasai Kiyoto 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is characterised by a changing pattern of overlapping intellectual, physical, and mental disabilities along the course of one's life. However, the impact of overlapping disorders (multimorbidity) on educational challenges remains unclear.MethodA survey was conducted with 88 caregivers of individuals with 22q11DS. A quantitative analysis of educational challenges and support needs divided into age groups (7–12, 13–15, 16–18, and 19 years and over) and a qualitative analysis of the free‐text items in the questionnaire was conducted.ResultsCaregivers were more interested in comprehensive developmental support when their children were younger, and the emphasis shifted to concerns regarding environments that matched individual characteristics at older ages. Furthermore, when there are multiple disabilities or disorders, support is concentrated on the more obvious disabilities, and the lack of support for the less superficially obvious disabilities associated with multiple difficulties, including mental health problems, can be a challenge for people with 22q11DS and their families.ConclusionsThis study suggests a need for increased focus on multimorbidity and associated disabilities in school education that are difficult to observe because of their mildness or borderline levels if present alone.
Ultrasound‐guided vascular access for CIED implantation: A step‐by‐step guide
Authors: Salcedo Jonathan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionVascular access is required for most cardiac electrophysiology procedures. Over the past 2 decades, ultrasound guidance has increased in utilization as the primary method for assisting operators in gaining access to cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) implantation.MethodsUltrasound guidance using a technique that includes both short‐axis and long‐axis views combined with a twisting needle motion after maximal tenting provides an extremely safe and reproducible technique for vascular access for all CIED procedures.Results and ConclusionsIn this manuscript and accompanying videos, a step‐by‐step guide is explained for optimal ultrasound‐guided visualization and needle maneuver technique to maximize safety and efficiency for vascular access in all CIED procedures.
The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the diagnosis of cutaneous melanomas: A retrospective cohort study from five European skin cancer reference centres
Authors: Troesch Alexander , Hoellwerth Magdalena , Forchhammer Stephan , Del Regno Laura , Lodde Georg , Turko Patrick , Cheng Phil F. , Levesque Mitchell L. , Hadaschik Eva , Livingstone Elisabeth , Peris Ketty , Flatz Lukas , Koelblinger Peter , Dummer Reinhard , Dimitriou Florentia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 lockdown had a dramatic impact on primary care access and resulted in postponed skin cancer screenings. This raises concerns for a diagnostic delay on primary cutaneous melanomas, which can subsequently increase morbidity and mortality.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to investigate the impact of the COVID‐19‐related restrictions on the melanoma diagnosis in five European skin cancer reference centres in Switzerland, Germany, Austria and Italy.MethodsA total of 7865 cutaneous melanoma cases were collected between 01 September 2018 and 31 August 2021. The time period was stratified into pre‐COVID (pre‐lockdown) and post‐COVID (lockdown and post‐lockdown) according to the established restrictions in each country. The data collection included demographic, clinical and histopathological data from histologically confirmed cutaneous melanomas. Personal and family history of melanoma, and presence of immunosuppression were used to assess the diagnosis delay in high‐risk individuals.ResultsThere was an overall increase of the Breslow tumour thickness (mean 1.25 mm vs. 1.02 mm) during the post‐COVID period, as well as an increase in the proportion of T3‐T4 melanomas, rates of ulceration and the number of mitotic rates ≥2 (all, p < 0.001). Patients with immunosuppression and personal history of melanoma showed a decrease in the mean log10‐transformed Breslow during lockdown and post‐COVID. In the multivariate analysis, age at melanoma diagnosis (p < 0.01) and personal history of melanoma (p < 0.01) showed significant differences in the mean Breslow thickness.ConclusionsThe study confirms the diagnostic delay in cutaneous melanomas due to the COVID‐19 lockdown. High‐risk individuals, such as patients with personal history of melanoma and elderly individuals, were more hesitant to restart their regular skin cancer screenings post‐COVID. Further studies with longer follow‐up are required to evaluate the consequences of this diagnostic delay in long‐term outcomes.
Laser treatment of infantile hemangioma
Authors: Khamaysi Ziad , Jiryis Badea , Zoabi Roaa , Avitan‐Hersh Emily 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBack grounds and objectiveInfantile hemangiomas (IH) are common benign tumors of infancy. Most IH either involute spontaneously or respond to treatment with systemic Beta‐ blockers, but unfortunately not in all cases. In poor responses or in cases of contra indications for pharmacological treatment, laser treatment poses a very good solution.MethodsAs a search strategy and study selection we searched the MEDLINE database via PubMed starting 1982 to June 2022 using a key terms related to interventions for IH (e.g., infantile hemangioma, laser, Beta blockers).ResultsIn this article, we reviewed the published data regarding the use of energy‐based devices in treatment of children with IH, and noted our experience over the course of treating dozens of cases over the years.ConclusionThere are many laser systems used for the treatment of hemangioma and vascular tumors. These laser systems are of different wavelengths and penetration depths, however, they operate by similar mechanisms and in some cases two or more lasers can be applied during the course of treating these lesions.
Metaphysics as Prayer: Introducing Ferdinand Ulrich
Authors: SCHINDLER D. C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAdapting Hegel's division of poetry into the three modes, epic, lyric, and drama, Hans Urs von Balthasar characterized his own distinctive approach to theology as “dramatic,” indicating by that term an integration of the objective, conceptual dimension of the epic mode and the subjective, existential dimension of the lyric mode. This essay proposes that the German thinker Ferdinand Ulrich (1931‐2020), friend of Balthasar, achieves something analogous in philosophy: an “onto‐drama,” which integrates metaphysics and prayer. The principal aim of this essay is to introduce Ulrich to a wider audience by presenting the basic themes of his 1973 book, Prayer as the Fundamental Act of the Creature. Using Emmanuel Levinas's text “Philosophy and the Idea of Infinity” as a foil in order to bring out the distinctive features of Ulrich's thought, this essay argues for the essential interdependence of the encounter with God and meditative reflection on the question of being, an interdependence that is played out as a drama right at the heart of personal identity.
The potato StMKK5‐StSIPK module enhances resistance to Phytophthora pathogens through activating the salicylic acid and ethylene signalling pathways
Authors: Yang Hui , Chen Xiaokang , Yang Ruixin , Cheng Jing , Chen Yong , Joosten Matthieu H. A. J. , Du Yu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play pivotal roles in plant responses to both biotic and abiotic stress. A screen of a Nicotiana benthamiana cDNA virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) library for altered plant responses to inoculation with Phytophthora infestans previously identified an NbMKK gene, encoding a clade D MAPKK that we renamed as NbMKK5, which is involved in immunity to P. infestans. To study the role of the potato orthologous gene, referred to as StMKK5, in the response to P. infestans, we transiently overexpressed StMKK5 in N. benthamiana and observed that cell death occurred at 2 days postinfiltration. Silencing of the highly conserved eukaryotic protein SGT1 delayed the StMKK5‐induced cell death, whereas silencing of the MAPK‐encoding gene NbSIPK completely abolished the cell death response. Further investigations showed that StMKK5 interacts with, and directly phosphorylates, StSIPK. Furthermore, both StMKK5 and StSIPK trigger salicylic acid (SA)‐ and ethylene (Eth)‐related gene expression, and co‐expression of the salicylate hydroxylase NahG with the negative regulator of Eth signalling CTR1 hampers StSIPK‐triggered cell death. This observation indicates that the cell death triggered by StMKK5‐StSIPK is dependent on the combination of SA‐ and Eth‐signalling. By introducing point mutations, we showed that the kinase activity of both StMKK5 and StSIPK is required for triggering cell death. Genetic analysis showed that StMKK5 depends on StSIPK to trigger plant resistance. Thus, our results define a potato StMKK5‐SIPK module that positively regulates immunity to P. infestans via activation of both the SA and Eth signalling pathways.
“There's a Lot You Can Do with It”: Anthropology Undergraduates Talk about Their Professional Futures
Authors: Nortman Colette A. , Kitchin Maria , Kvitek Victoria L. , Roberts William , Hunter Gina 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWhat do anthropology students think about their professional future? In what ways does the study of anthropology provide competencies or skills that will be useful in the workplace? Research fellows from Illinois State University, Indiana University, and St. Mary's College of Maryland conducted individual interviews, focus groups, or surveys of alumni or graduating seniors to examine narratives about the perceived usefulness of anthropology in securing and sustaining professional employment. Employing the metaphor of an “inverted funnel” shows that while an undergraduate anthropology major may appeal to a smaller range of the overall student population, hence the narrow end of a funnel, their education instills broad and critical thinking about issues, an appreciation for and ability to relate to human cultural and social diversity, and an empathic orientation to understand individual diversity. Thus, anthropology undergraduates successfully carve out job niches over a wide range of economic sectors and professions that are represented by the broad end of the inverted funnel.
Long‐Term Survival and Predictors of Failure of Opening Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy
Authors: Guarino Amedeo , Farinelli Luca , Iacono Venanzio , Cozzolino Andrea , Natali Simone , Zorzi Claudio , Mariconda Massimo 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveHigh tibial valgus osteotomy (HTO) is a widely accepted procedure indicated for varus knee with symptomatic osteoarthritis of the medial compartment. However, there is a lack of studies evaluating long term results of this procedure. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the long‐term survival of opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO) for isolated osteoarthritis in the medial compartment of the knee. The secondary objective was to identify independent predictors of conversion to total knee arthroplasty (TKA).MethodsThis is a long term retrospective study of 296 cases of open wedge HTOs performed at a single center (level of evidence IV) between January 2005 and August 2015. Opening wedge medial HTO was always performed after diagnostic arthroscopy. Eighty‐three percent of the population (233 patients, 247 procedures) was followed up at a mean 11.6 years (6–17) by telephone interview, to evaluate the possible conversion to TKA. Mean age at the index operation was 42.8 years (range 15–70) and most patients were male (70%). Associated procedures (e.g., platelet rich plasma supplementation, microfractures, meniscectomy, etc.) were carried out at the time of the HTO in 80 (32%) cases. Survival of HTO and its association with age, sex, body mass index, smoking habit, preoperative severity of varus deformity, cartilage status at surgery, and associated procedures were evaluated. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses were performed.ResultsThirty‐three of the 247 HTOs (13.4%) were converted to knee replacement, with 86.6% of the original procedures surviving at a mean 12‐year follow‐up. Kaplan–Meier survival estimates at 17 years for HTO were 75.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 66.7–84.3). There was significant difference (P < 0.001) in the 17‐year survival rate between obese (55.5%; 95% CI 35.3–75.6) and non‐obese (79.7%; 95% CI 70.1–89.2) patients. The determinants of conversion to knee arthroplasty detected at multivariate Cox regression analysis were body mass index, severity of cartilage degeneration in the medial compartment (Outerbridge grade), and age.ConclusionThe long‐term survival of open wedge HTO for osteoarthritis in the medial compartment of the knee is satisfactory. The risk of conversion to TKA is significantly increased in obese patients. Advanced age and severity of pre‐existing cartilage damage may also contribute to the risk of conversion to TKA.