bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bewegungskontrolle und Bewegungsdysfunktion (1) Unterscheidung am Beispiel der LWS
Authors: Luomajoki Hannu 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungBei muskuloskelettalen Beschwerden gibt es wissenschaftlich nachgewiesen keine wirkungsvollere Behandlung als eine auf Bewegung und Übungen basierende Therapie. Zur Diagnostik gehören das Beurteilen der Bewegungsqualität und Tests, die Aufschluss über mangelnde Bewegungskontrolle und Bewegungsdysfunktionen geben. Angepasste Übungen, Training und ein verbessertes Bewusstsein für das eigene Bewegungsverhalten sowie eine verbesserte Wahrnehmung für den eigenen Körper durchbrechen bei vielen Betroffenen muskuloskelettale Schmerzmechanismen und führen zurück in ein schmerzfreies Leben. Die folgenden Artikel zeigen exemplarisch am Beispiel Rückenschmerzen die Bedeutung von Bewegungskontrolle und Körperwahrnehmung.
Selenium speciation and characteristics of selenium-enriched crops in Guiyang seleniferous soil, southwestern China
Authors: Pan Ziping , Chen Ju , Wang Minzi , Feng Yanfei , Meng Wei 
Published: June 2023

Environmental context Elemental selenium plays an important role in maintaining human health and the growth of plants and animals. We studied the availability of selenium in soils and agricultural crops in Guiyang City, China, and found that the soil is selenium-rich and the crops are selenium-enriched. These results can help to understand and improve the development of mountain agriculture and rural revitalisation. Rationale Selenium (Se) is a critical element for both maintaining human health and the growth of plants and animals. The content of Se in crops is primarily determined by its speciation in soil. Therefore, the investigation of soil Se and its speciation has become a key focus of current research. Methodology In this study, taking a typical seleniferous area in Guiyang City as the study area, we investigated selenium speciation in Se-rich soil and its distribution characteristics in both soil and crops using atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) and a five-step extraction processing methods. Moreover, we further explored the key factors that affect the distribution of Se in soil. Results The findings are summarised as follows: (1) the Se content in all investigated samples met the standards of selenium-rich soil (0.40 mg/kg). The Se content in the soil surrounding crop roots ranged from 0.96 to 4.29 mg/kg, with an average value of 2.18 mg/kg. (2) Soil Se primarily existed in organic, residual, and iron and manganese oxide-binding species. The organic, sulfide-binding, and elemental Se species were the major contributors, accounting for an average of 47.00%, while the content of water-soluble, exchangeable, and carbonate-binding Se species was significantly lower. (3) Almost all crops, regardless of their types, were found Se-enriched, accounting for approximately 89.47% of the total crops in the study area. The average Se content was 0.35, 0.12, and 0.026 mg/kg in tea, rice, and corn, respectively. Discussion Varying soil physical–chemical properties, such as the content of soil organic matter content and pH levels, etc. can impact the distribution of Se in soil differently. These findings can serve as a scientific foundation for the effective utilisation of selenium-rich land resources in Guiyang city. They can also support and facilitate the development of modern specialty and high-efficiency mountain agriculture, ultimately contributing to rural revitalisation and the national implementation of the Big Ecology Strategy.
Novel four-port RF phase change switches based on GeTe thin film
Authors: Fu Shuaishuai , Gao Libin , Peng Yu , Qu Sheng , Wang Jiamei , Chen Hongwei , Liu Ningchuan , Zhang Jihua 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
An indirect-heated phase-change switch (PCS) using germanium telluride (GeTe) has been fabricated using thermal actuation driven by thin film heater on the model. Switches require a low ON-state resistance and a high OFF-state resistance with OFF/ON resistance ratio of 105. The finite element analysis simulation is applied to simulate the temperature of individual node GeTe with different microwave heating pulses. Finally, in order to reduce the phase-change time and increase the switching speed of indirectly heated switching structures, a new four-port indirectly heated phase change switching structure is proposed. In this paper, the heat dissipation of the switch is increased by etching deep grooves on the back of the switch. This structure obviously reduces the phase change time compared to conventional indirectly heated phase change switches the time between ON-state and OFF-state is reduced by more than 19% and the total process is reduced by more than 47%. The GeTe PCSs with etched grooves not only significantly increases the switching speed, but also reduces the risk of recrystallization of the phase change material.
Near-field thermophotovoltaic energy conversion analysis based on enhanced radiative absorption distribution
Authors: Li Bowen , Zhang Kun , Lu Lu , Song Jinlin , Luo Zixue , Cheng Qiang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Near-field radiation has been widely shown to greatly boost the electrical power of thermophotovoltaic (TPV) cells. However, there is a lack of theoretical analysis exploring the important influences of near-field effects on radiative absorption distributions as well as TPV energy conversion performances. This work investigates the electrical performances of near-field TPV cells made of InGaSb coupled with different practical emitters such as plain tungsten (W), indium tin oxide (ITO) film, and alternate W and alumina multilayer in detail. A comprehensive analysis is conducted to systematically compare the impacts of evanescent wave tunneling, surface plasmon resonance, and hyperbolic modes on spatial distributions of radiative absorption and the profiles of local carrier concentrations. The detailed and accurate analysis reveals the crucial role of near-field radiation emitted by various emitters in charge collection efficiency, thermal photon flux penetration depth, and photocurrent generation. Thus, the results certify that the electric power could be enhanced by utilizing ITO and multilayer emitters instead of a plain W emitter. The efficiency for an ITO emitter increases with decreasing vacuum gap owing to the suppressed bulk recombination but decreases when the vacuum gap falls below 18 nm due to increased surface recombination. While the efficiency for a multilayer emitter is comparatively lower due to the larger sub-bandgap photons and inefficient n-region. Furthermore, we verify the strategies for performance improvement via decreasing the surface recombination and optimizing the p-region thickness. The underlying mechanism is interpreted based on the spatial distribution and the collection efficiency of minority carriers.
Investigation of high-performance Schottky diodes on a Ga2O3 epilayer using Cu with high barrier height, high temperature stability and repeatability
Authors: Sheoran Hardhyan , Singh Rajendra 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This work reports on high-performance Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) fabricated on Ga2O3 epilayers using Cu as Schottky contacts (SCs). The fabricated SBDs exhibited high Schottky barrier heights (SBHs) with values greater than 1.0 eV, near-unity ideality factors, and a high rectification ratio (RR) of 1012 at 300 K. Temperature-dependent current–voltage (I–V–T) and capacitance–voltage (C–V–T) measurements were performed up to 500 K. The SBHs’

ϕ

B

I
V

, calculated from the IVT characteristics, initially increased with temperature and then decreased with near-unity ideality factors. The increase in

ϕ

B

I
V

with temperatures up to 410 K indicated the spatial inhomogeneity at the metal–semiconductor interface. The observed decrease in

ϕ

B

I
V

above 410 K indicated the enhancement of barrier homogeneity at higher temperatures (⩾410 K). The decrease in

ϕ

B

I
V

above 410 K and decrease in

ϕ

B

C
V

, calculated from the CVT characteristics, with increasing temperature were assigned to the bandgap narrowing of Ga2O3. The IVT measurements were repeated many times, and the SBDs exhibited excellent thermal stability and showed high SBHs >1.0 eV, a high RR, and near-unity ideality factors. All these findings were attributed to the formation of high-work-function copper oxide thin film at the interface between Cu and Ga2O3. X-ray diffraction and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the formation of a thin layer of high-work-function copper oxide. These findings provide the possibility to fabricate an SC with a high and homogeneous barrier and thermal stability using cheap, abundant Cu material, enabling low-cost mass production of future power semiconductor devices based on oxide semiconductors.
Half-lives for proton emission and α decay within the deformed Gamow-like model
Authors: Xiao Qiong , Cheng Jun-Hao , Wang Bing-Lin , Xu Yang-Yang , Zou You-Tian , Yu Tong-Pu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this work, α decay and proton emission half-lives are studied by the deformed Gamow-like model, which introduces the effects of nucleus deformation. The calculations show that it is necessary to consider the deformation in the calculation for nuclei far from the shell. Moreover, this model is used to predict the proton emission half-lives of the nuclei far from the shell more accurately. The calculations indicate that our deformed model follows the Geiger-Nuttall law. Furthermore, the deformed Gamow-like model is used to study the shell structure, and we find that the number of the next neutron shell is likely to be 152. This work may benefit future research on the search for superheavy nuclei and new proton radionuclides.
Investigation of the Pd(1−x)Zn
x
alloy phase diagram using ab initio modelling approaches
Authors: Kabalan Lara , Kowalec Igor , Rigamonti Santiago , Troppenz Maria , Draxl Claudia , Catlow C Richard A , Logsdail Andrew J 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The identification of the stable phases in alloy materials is challenging because composition affects the structural stability of different intermediate phases. Computational simulation, via multiscale modelling approaches, can significantly accelerate the exploration of phase space and help to identify stable phases. Here, we apply such new approaches to understand the complex phase diagram of binary alloys of PdZn, with the relative stability of structural polymorphs considered through application of density functional theory coupled with cluster expansion (CE). The experimental phase diagram has several competing crystal structures, and we focus on three different closed-packed phases that are commonly observed for PdZn, namely the face-centred cubic (FCC), body-centred tetragonal (BCT) and hexagonal close packed (HCP), to identify their respective stability ranges. Our multiscale approach confirms a narrow range of stability for the BCT mixed alloy, within the Zn concentration range from 43.75% to 50%, which aligns with experimental observations. We subsequently use CE to show that the phases are competitive across all concentrations, but with the FCC alloy phase favoured for Zn concentrations below 43.75%, and that the HCP structure favoured for Zn-rich concentrations. Our methodology and results provide a platform for future investigations of PdZn and other close-packed alloy systems with multiscale modelling techniques.
Electro-tunable metasurface for tri-state dynamic polarization switching at near-infrared wavelengths
Authors: Bhowmik Tanmay , Gupta Jegyasu , Sikdar Debabrata 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Control of polarization states of light is crucial for any photonic system. However, conventional polarization-controlling elements are typically static and bulky. Metasurfaces open a new paradigm to realize flat optical components by engineering meta-atoms at sub-wavelength scale. Tunable metasurfaces can provide enormous degrees-of-freedom to tailor electromagnetic properties of light and thus have the potential to realize dynamic polarization control in nanoscale. In this study, we propose a novel electro-tunable metasurface to enable dynamic control of polarization states of reflected light. The proposed metasurface comprises a two-dimensional array of elliptical Ag-nanopillars deposited on indium-tin-oxide (ITO)–Al2O3–Ag stack. In unbiased condition, excitation of gap-plasmon resonance in the metasurface leads to rotation of x-polarized incident light to orthogonally polarized reflected light (i.e., y-polarized) at 1.55 μm. On the other hand, by applying bias-voltage, we can alter the amplitude and phase of the electric field components of the reflected light. With 2 V applied bias, we achieved a linearly polarized reflected light with a polarization angle of −45°. Furthermore, we can tune the epsilon-near-zero wavelength of ITO at the vicinity of 1.55 μm wavelength by increasing the bias to 5 V, which reduces y-component of the electric field to a negligible amplitude, thus, resulting in an x-polarized reflected light. Thus, with an x-polarized incident wave, we can dynamically switch among the three linear polarization states of the reflected wave, allowing a tri-state polarization switching (viz. y-polarization at 0 V, −45° linear polarization at 2 V, and x-polarization at 5 V). The Stokes parameters are also calculated to show a real-time control over light polarization. Thus, the proposed device paves the way toward the realization of dynamic polarization switching in nanophotonic applications.
Improved bond graph model for fault diagnosis under uncertain conditions
Authors: Chen Jie , Fan Jingwen , Zhong Yichen , Shen Chi , Ren Zhujun 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The effectiveness of model-based diagnosis strongly depends on the model’s authenticity and is impacted by various uncertainties. Measurement uncertainty is governed by the probability method, and parameter uncertainty can be handled by the linear fractional transformation, whereas structure uncertainty and errors are rarely considered. In this paper, an improved bond graph (BG) model is proposed, which adopts subsystems to substitute modelling errors, namely parameter uncertainty and structure uncertainty. A multi-dimensional Fibonacci optimization algorithm is developed to identify the parameters of subsystems to obtain the subsystem-based diagnostic hybrid BG (SDHBG) model. Fault diagnosis is realized by comparing the residuals and thresholds derived from the SDHBG. Experiments are conducted to validate the key concepts of the proposed methods. Subsequently, the results suggest its effectiveness.
High-output soft-contact fiber-structure triboelectric nanogenerator and its sterilization application
Authors: He Jianwei , Guo Xuhua , Pan Caofeng , Cheng Gang , Zheng Mingli , Zi Yunlong , Cui Hongzhi , Li Xiaoyi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Infectious diseases are spreading rapidly with the flow of the world’s population, and the prevention of epidemic diseases is particularly important for public and personal health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a simple, efficient and non-toxic method to control the spread of bacteria and viruses. The newly developed triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) can generate a high voltage, which inhibits bacterial reproduction. However, the output performance is the main factor limiting real-world applications of TENGs. Herein, we report a soft-contact fiber-structure TENG to avoid insufficient friction states and to improve the output, especially at a high rotation speed. Rabbit hair, carbon nanotubes, polyvinylidene difluoride film and paper all contain fiber structures that are used to guarantee soft contact between the friction layers and improve the contact state and abrasion problem. Compared with a direct-contact triboelectric nanogenerator, the outputs of this soft-contact fiber-structure TENG are improved by about 350%. Meanwhile, the open-circuit voltage can be enhanced to 3440 V, which solves the matching problems when driving high-voltage devices. A TENG-driven ultraviolet sterilization system is then developed. The bactericidal rate of this sterilization system can reach 91%, which significantly reduces the risk of disease spread. This work improves a forward-looking strategy to improve the output and service life of the TENG. It also expands the applications of self-powered TENG sterilization systems.
Influence of the background in Compton camera images for proton therapy treatment monitoring
Authors: Borja-Lloret M , Barrientos L , Bernabéu J , Lacasta C , Muñoz E , Ros A , Roser J , Viegas R , Llosá G 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective. Background events are one of the most relevant contributions to image degradation in Compton camera imaging for hadron therapy treatment monitoring. A study of the background and its contribution to image degradation is important to define future strategies to reduce the background in the system. Approach. In this simulation study, the percentage of different kinds of events and their contribution to the reconstructed image in a two-layer Compton camera have been evaluated. To this end, GATE v8.2 simulations of a proton beam impinging on a PMMA phantom have been carried out, for different proton beam energies and at different beam intensities. Main results. For a simulated Compton camera made of Lanthanum (III) Bromide monolithic crystals, coincidences caused by neutrons arriving from the phantom are the most common type of background produced by secondary radiations in the Compton camera, causing between 13% and 33% of the detected coincidences, depending on the beam energy. Results also show that random coincidences are a significant cause of image degradation at high beam intensities, and their influence in the reconstructed images is studied for values of the time coincidence windows from 500 ps to 100 ns. Significance. Results indicate the timing capabilities required to retrieve the fall-off position with good precision. Still, the noise observed in the image when no randoms are considered make us consider further background rejection methods.
Shape memory behaviour of polyvinyl alcohol aerogels cross-linked with Fe3+ & Cu2+ metallic ions
Authors: Mohsenian Zahra , Kokabi Mehrdad , Alamdarnejad Ghazaleh 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The utter purpose of this study was to embed metal ions in polymer chains to improve the shape memory behaviour of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) aerogels in which metal ions were used as cross-linking agents for PVA. PVA–Cu and PVA–Fe hydrogels were first prepared by adding different amounts of Cu (NO3)2.3H2O and Fe (NO3)3.9H2O salts, respectively, then aerogel samples were prepared by the freeze-drying of hydrogels. Fourier transform infrared test was employed to evaluate the chemical structure. Gravimetric and mercury porosimetry methods were performed to characterize the porosity of aerogels. Field emission scanning electron microscopy examined the microstructure of the network and the porosity of the aerogels. The shape memory behaviour of the nanocomposite aerogels was evaluated by dynamic-mechanical analysis. The test results showed that by adding 25 wt% copper salt and 40 wt% iron salt to the PVA, the maximum gel fractions were achieved. Compared to pure PVA, the recovery ratios of nanocomposite aerogels increased by about 80% and 140% and their moduli increased by more than 370% and 300%, respectively.
Design, simulation, and experimental investigation on a novel robot fish driven by piezoelectric bimorphs
Authors: Xu Jiajia , Jin Jiamei , Wang Liang , Liu Rui , Zhang Jianhui , Wu Yifeng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The efficient swimming performance of fish is a miracle of nature, and the bionic robot fish powered by smart materials can replicate the movement pattern of fish to a greater extent. To achieve a simple, flexible, and controllable underwater robot, a novel robot fish driven by piezoelectric bimorphs is proposed in this study, which has similar swimming patterns to the body and/or caudal fin propulsion swimming mode and can achieve straight travel and steering underwater. The validity and feasibility of the principles were verified by wet mode simulation. A prototype is manufactured and tested for underwater vibration characteristics to confirm the motion pattern of the caudal fin of the robot fish. It weighs 13.3 g, a length of 150 mm. The maximum uniform speed of the robot fish prototype is 53 mm s−1, the thrust is 2.213 mN, and its maximum efficiency is 0.864%.
To study the structural, electronic and optical properties of predicted stable halide perovskites ABX3
Authors: Murad Kashif , Noman Muhammad , Khan Shamim , Neffati R , Ashraf Muhammad Waqar , Murtaza G 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Perovskites have gained great interest in recent times. High efficiency solar materials have been developed from this family. Here in this work, structure, optical and electronic properties of recently artificial intelligence predicted stables perovskites ABX3 are studied through DFT approach. The structural analysis is done through the generalized gradient approximation. For the band structure calculations generalized gradient as well as the modified Becke-Johnson potential are used to investigate electrical and optical properties. The density of states and electronic band structure calculations reveal that the predicted stable halides Perovskites ABX3 have ultra-high to low band gaps. In the absence of experimental results, the calculated results can be valuable for further calculations. In the optical properties of the compounds dielectric function, optical reflectivity, absorption coefficient, optical conductivity, extinction coefficient, refractive index is calculated in different ranges of energy. The maximum value of static dielectric function is observed for KNiI3 and RbIrBr3 are 3.5 and 3 respectively. The highest absorption peak among the all is observed at 26 eV for SrLiF3, while refractive index of that SrLiF3 gives peak at 24 eV then refractive index decreases below the unity as energy increases up to 27.5 eV. The suitable energy bandgaps of the new compounds in the ultraviolet to infrared region certainly appeal for their use in the diverse applications.
Light Curve Analysis of the AP Dor Binary System using Ground-based and TESS Observations
Authors: Poro A. , Fernández-Lajús E. , Madani M. , Sabbaghian G. , Nasrollahzadeh F. , Jahediparizi F. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The short-period eclipsing binary AP Dor’s first in-depth and multiband photometric solutions are presented. We made use of our eight nights of ground-based opportunity at a southern hemisphere observatory, and twelve sectors of TESS observations. We extracted eight and 1322 minima from our observations and TESS, respectively. We suggest a new linear ephemeris based on the trend of orbital period variations using the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach. The PHysics Of Eclipsing BinariEs (PHOEBE) Python code and the MCMC approach were utilized for the light curve analysis. This system did not require a starspot for the light curve solutions. We calculated the absolute parameters of the system by applying the Gaia DR3 parallax method. The orbital angular momentum (J
0) of AP Dor indicates that this system is located in a region corresponding to contact binaries. According to our results, this system is an overcontact binary system with a mass ratio of 0.584, a fillout factor of 48%, and an inclination of 53°. The positions of component stars in the AP Dor system on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram are found.