bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The mysterious case of the disappearing pilot study: a review of publication bias in preliminary behavioral interventions presented at health behavior conferences
Authors: von Klinggraeff Lauren , Ramey Kaitlyn , Pfledderer Christopher D. , Burkart Sarah , Armstrong Bridget , Weaver R. Glenn , Beets Michael W. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The number of preliminary studies conducted and published has increased in recent years. However, there are likely many preliminary studies that go unpublished because preliminary studies are typically small and may not be perceived as methodologically rigorous. The extent of publication bias within preliminary studies is unknown but can prove useful to determine whether preliminary studies appearing in peer-reviewed journals are fundamentally different than those that are unpublished. The purpose of this study was to identify characteristics associated with publication in a sample of abstracts of preliminary studies of behavioral interventions presented at conferences.

Methods
Abstract supplements from two primary outlets for behavioral intervention research (Society of Behavioral Medicine and International Society of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity) were searched to identify all abstracts reporting findings of behavioral interventions from preliminary studies. Study characteristics were extracted from the abstracts including year presented, sample size, design, and statistical significance. To determine if abstracts had a matching peer-reviewed publication, a search of authors’ curriculum vitae and research databases was conducted. Iterative logistic regression models were used to estimate odds of abstract publication. Authors with unpublished preliminary studies were surveyed to identify reasons for nonpublication.

Results
Across conferences, a total of 18,961 abstracts were presented. Of these, 791 were preliminary behavioral interventions, of which 49% (388) were published in a peer-reviewed journal. For models with main effects only, preliminary studies with sample sizes greater than n = 24 were more likely to be published (range of odds ratios, 1.82 to 2.01). For models including interactions among study characteristics, no significant associations were found. Authors of unpublished preliminary studies indicated small sample sizes and being underpowered to detect effects as barriers to attempting publication.

Conclusions
Half of preliminary studies presented at conferences go unpublished, but published preliminary studies appearing in peer-reviewed literature are not systematically different from those that remain unpublished. Without publication, it is difficult to assess the quality of information regarding the early-stage development of interventions. This inaccessibility inhibits our ability to learn from the progression of preliminary studies.
P300 event-related potentials in people with epilepsy: clinico-neurophysiologic study
Authors: Hasan Lina Abdulelah , Hamdan Farqad Bader , Al-Mahdawi Akram 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is increasing evidence that prolonged or recurrent seizures can cause or exacerbate cognitive impairment (CI) in memory, attention, orientation, and visuospatial and abstraction disabilities, all of which can jeopardize educational progress and achievement throughout life. The objectives of our study are to assess the cognitive functions in people with epilepsy (PwE) using P300 event-related potentials (ERPs), and correlate each P300 components with six explanatory variables (epilepsy type, seizure type, NHS3 score- seizure severity, disease duration, age at first seizure, and the number of anticonvulsant medications).MethodsOne hundred and two PwE [52 with focal epilepsy and 50 with generalized epilepsy, as classified by the International League Against Epilepsy in 2017]. They underwent electroencephalography (EEG) and P300. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale was used to assess baseline cognitive functions.ResultsEpileptic patients showed significant latency prolongation and amplitude reduction of P300 as compared to non-epileptic population. Longer P300 latency and lower amplitude were seen in patients with abnormal EEG records. P300 latency was longer in patients using poly-therapy. P300 components correlated well with age at presentation and disease duration but not with NHS3. According to epilepsy type, 50.98% of PwE had focal epilepsy and 49.02% had generalized epilepsy, 85.29% of them had abnormal EEG recording. Considering seizure type, 47.06% had a generalized tonic–clonic seizure, 38.24% had a focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizure, 20.59% had a myoclonic seizure, 12.75% had a focal with impaired awareness seizure, 3.92% had a focal aware seizure, and 2.94% had an absence seizure. Seventy-seven PwE had one type of seizure, while 25 had more than one type of seizure. The NHS3 score was higher in those with a single seizure type than in those with multiple seizure types.ConclusionAll seizure types had an abnormal P300 component, indicating cognitive function deficits. P300 may be a promising objective method for assessing cognitive function in PwE. The number of antiepileptic drugs used, the presence of EEG abnormalities, the age at presentation, and the duration of the disease are the factors that best correlate with cognitive impairment (CI).
Maximizing mushroom residues benefits to produce vermicompost for Fusarium Oxysporium resistance in maize
Authors: Ali El Sayed A. E. , Amer Mariam A. , Saad AbdelGawad , Eid Hend T. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Since the ecosystem is the first link in the food chain for all living things, including humans, animals, and plants, restoring it has become a global priority in recent years, particularly in agricultural soils by expanding the trend of fertilization and biological control instead of relying more on the use of chemical pesticides. Therefore, this study aims to maximize and enhance the advantages of mushroom residues (MR) to make vermicompost that can resist Fusarium Oxysporium (FO) in maize. This study was conducted in three stages: compost preparation, composting, and planting.

Results
The mixing process of vermicompost with the soil was improved by the lowest CV. The highest productivity was achieved by using a plastic rotary drum composter which had a patching size of 60 kg at a speed of 15 rpm for 8 min. In addition, the production of vermicompost from (MR) was improved by adding the aqueous extraction of licorice residue (LR), where helped to increase the vermicompost's pH and the amount of dissolved Cu and Zn. The wilt illness disease caused by FO in maize crop was decreased by adding the mixture of vermicompost (MR and LR) to the soil infested with Fusarium, as compared to the control.

Conclusions
The combination of 25% vermicompost (MR + LR) and 75% agri-soil proved to be the most effective treatment for wilt disease control, with a disease severity score of 1.90. It was discovered that treated maize roots produced more peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity compared to the control.
The many faces of intracranial tuberculosis: atypical presentations on MRI—a descriptive observational cohort study
Authors: Kumar Ishan , Shekhar Shashank , Yadav Tanya , Aggarwal Priyanka , Singh Pramod Kumar , Shukla Ram C. , Verma Ashish 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Atypical MRI findings of cranial tuberculosis can lead to prolonged delay in diagnosis resulting in high costs to evaluate for alternative diagnoses. The aim of this study was to describe a series of cranial tuberculosis patients with spectrum of MRI features, other than hydrocephalus, parenchymal tuberculomas, and leptomeningeal thickening. The final diagnosis was made based on CSF findings, clinical findings, and/or marked improvement after antitubercular treatment.

Results
A total of 39 patients met the inclusion criteria and were diagnosed with vasculitis (n = 15), tubercular abscess (n = 5), miliary tuberculosis (n = 3), tubercular cerebritis (n = 9), sellar and parasellar tuberculosis (n = 7), mass forming tuberculosis (n = 1), choroid plexitis (n = 2), and intraventricular tuberculomas (n = 1).

Conclusion
A significant number of patients of cranial tuberculosis can have variable presentations and may be misdiagnosed. This analysis helps to reinvestigate the spectrum of MRI findings.
Qualitative and quantitative parameters of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI as a diagnostic determinant of soft tissue tumor malignancy: a study from Indonesia
Authors: Rosida Yulia Rosa , Sukmaningtyas Hermina , Imawati Sukma , Prajoko Yan Wisnu , Sadhana Udadi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Soft tissue tumors encompass a large variety of benign and malignant lesions which are classified histologically based on the components. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) is a non-invasive technique that is used in differentiating benign from malignant lesions by observing the differences in the enhancement rates, index of lesion vascularity and perfusion. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of qualitative and quantitative parameters of DCE-MRI in the malignancy of soft tissue tumors.

Methods
The type of time-intensity curve (TIC), Ktrans, Kep, and Ve values were obtained from 30 soft tissue tumor (17 malignant and 13 benign) from patients who performed the DCE-MRI examination. The obtained values were then statistically analyzed to get the cutoff point, sensitivity, and specificity in determining the malignancy of soft tissue tumors.

Results
TIC, Ktrans, and Kep values were significantly differentiated into benign and malignant soft tissue tumors except for Ve. The TIC for benign soft tissue tumors was predominantly by type 2, while type 3, 4, and 5 were predominantly malignant. The AUC of the ROC curve demonstrated a diagnostic potential of Ktrans (0.873) and Kep (0.889). Furthermore, the cutoff point for Ktrans and Kep was 0.2905 and 0.3365 with a sensitivity of 88.2% and 94.1%, specificity of 84.6%, PPV of 88.2% and 88.9%, and NPV of 84.6%, and 91.7%.

Conclusions
Qualitative and quantitative parameters of DCE-MRI helped diagnose soft tissue tumor malignancy with a cutoff point for Ktrans 0.2905 and Kep 0.3365.
MRI features of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease: a descriptive study—how it differs from neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders and multiple sclerosis
Authors: Tom Mishael J. , Sandeep S. , George Arun , Philip Babu , Deepalam Saikanth 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease (MOGAD) is a novel inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. This study aims to characterize the MRI features of MOGAD and contrast our results with the findings previously described in the literature and its close differential diagnoses.

Results
Most of the abnormal findings are in the brainstem followed by supratentorial deep/subcortical white matter and optic nerves. Brain lesions in MOGAD tend to show a pattern that is different from multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). Orbital MRIs show features of bilateral longitudinally extensive optic neuritis predominantly involving the anterior segments. The spinal cord is the least affected and mostly shows longitudinally extensive lesions in the dorsal spine.

Conclusions
We could identify numerous characteristic radiological features that could help distinguish MOGAD from NMOSD and MS. We hope this study helps clinicians systematically evaluate and manage patients with clinical features of neuroinflammatory diseases.
Significance of peak oxygen pulse in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Mohamed Mai Hassan , Shahin Mostafa Mahmoud , Hoshy Mona Said El , Gharraf Heba Said 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are more likely to develop cardiovascular comorbidities, such as pulmonary hypertension or heart failure. COPD patients are frequently adversely affected by compromised cardiovascular function. Oxygen pulse (O2P) serves as a proxy for stroke volume. However, studies concerning O2P, health-related quality of life (HRQL), and exercise capacity in COPD patients are lacking. Our objective was to verify the association between O2P, exercise capacity, and severe COPD exacerbation.

Materials and methods
Fifty COPD patients were evaluated using spirometry, echocardiography, and a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) for this study. Hospitalizations and emergency department visits due to COPD, as well as cardiovascular co-morbidities, were tracked. Patients with normal peak O2P and those with impaired peak O2P were compared for these measures. Peak oxygen consumption (O2P) was correlated with cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and lung function by simple linear regression.

Results
Higher exercise capacity (peak oxygen uptake and work rate) and fewer hospitalizations due to COPD were observed in patients with normal peak O2P. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was found to have a statistically significant correlation with arterial oxygen pressure (O2P) in a linear regression model.

Conclusion
Hospitalization due to COPD and exercise ability are both significantly affected by peak O2P. Peak O2P is strongly correlated with FEV1. The severity of COPD can be measured in part by the patient's peak O2P.
Off-Piste or Just Usual Prescribing in CAMHS? an Audit of Prescriptions and the Guidelines That Support Them
Authors: Roberts Claire , Brown Jenny 
Published: July 2023

AimsThe aim of this audit was to review the prescriptions in one community Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS) and to see whether these prescriptions were licenced for the prescribed indication and if the prescription was supported by national guidelines.MethodsI reviewed the treatment of 77 patients who were assessed by the consultant psychiatrist in one CAMHS team between January 2020 and August 2022.For each prescription I gathered
•The name of the medication•The Indication•Child or young person's comorbiditiesI then compared this with the licenced use on the Summary Product Characteristics (SPC), as well as the guidance available from (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), British Association of Psychopharmacology (BAP) and British National Formulary for Children (BNFc)).ResultsIn total there were 177 prescriptions for a variety of medication including antidepressants, antipsychotics, sedatives, and medication to treat ADHD.It was found that 25% of all prescriptions were prescribed according to the medication's licensed use, with 42%, 62% and 67% compatible with NICE guidelines, BAP guidelines and BNFc respectively. However, 12% deviated entirely from these guidelines, including prescriptions for mirtazapine (1), melatonin (9), quetiapine (6), risperidone (1) and olanzapine (4). These prescriptions were also associated with increased comorbidity with each child having at least one comorbid mental health problem.There was an 81% agreement between NICE and BAP guidelines, a 75% agreement between NICE and BNFc and 66% agreement between BAP guidelines and BNFc.ConclusionThis audit demonstrated that only a quarter of prescriptions were prescribed according to a licenced use, with the vast majority falling outside the product licence. This is important because the Joint Standing Committee on Medicines preference “an appropriate licenced preparation” over unlicenced prescribing.Furthermore, the defensibility of unlicenced prescriptions is increased when they are supported by published clinical guidelines which was the case in 88% of prescriptions that were reviewed. This leaves 12% of prescriptions that were not supported by either licencing or BAP, NICE or BNFc guidelines. There may be multiple causes for this, but it is likely that the high number is aggravated by the lack of NICE guidelines for common conditions such as anxiety as well as high levels of comorbidity in this population group which is not always reflected in clinical trials and guidelines.
Balint Group Sessions for Medical Students: A Pilot Study
Authors: Cowell Victoria , Ayalogu Chukwunwike , Ros Annette , Brown Harvey , Shittu Bayode , Akella Anusha , Lasisi Adeolu , Bancroft James , Whitcroft Holly , Surendran Indu , Bu Christopher , Older Abby , Gaynor Eleanor , Sullivan Kathia 
Published: July 2023

AimsThe issue of health and well-being amongst the National Health Service (NHS) workforce has never been so prominent. Balint groups are facilitated discussion sessions aiming to help clinicians reach a better understanding of the emotional content of the doctor-patient relationship. Evidence suggests participation decreases rates of burnout and increases empathic ability. A Balint group pilot scheme for medical students was launched within Cheshire and Wirral Partnership NHS Foundation Trust (CWP), facilitated by both core and higher trainees in psychiatry, and supervised by a consultant psychotherapist. Feedback from both participants and facilitators was collected to gain a greater understanding of how these groups can shape our clinical interactions, and benefit the mental well-being of both patient and doctor.MethodsWe approached the University of Liverpool School of Medicine, who did not have a formal Balint programme, and proposed a pilot scheme with 4th year medical students rotating through psychiatry in CWP.Sessions were conducted in four week blocks, during a student's psychiatry rotation, and were facilitated by two psychiatry trainees. At the end of each block, anonymised feedback was collected, and small alterations were made to the programme during the course of the pilot in response to attendance rates, punctuality and feedback.Results143 students participated in the programme in the first 11 cohorts, between September 2021 and December 2022, and 72 (50.3%) submitted feedback forms.98.6% agreed that the programme helped them reflect more on their interactions with patients, and that it helped them gain insight into how others think and feel when caring for patients.91.7% enjoyed the groups and 97.3% would use the skills learnt in Balint group in the future.100% of students gave a positive response when rating their overall experience of the programme.Facilitators reported increased confidence in their psychotherapeutic knowledge, and an improvement in leadership and communication skills.ConclusionThe student experience of the Balint programme was positive for the vast majority, and from a facilitator perspective, we have found involvement to be very rewarding.Psychiatry trainee group facilitation was well received by students, allowed a greater number of groups to run, and is beneficial for trainees’ professional development.Before this pilot, approximately only 1/3 of University of Liverpool medical students had the opportunity to attend a Balint group.However, our findings have contributed to a decision by the University of Liverpool to extend the scheme to all 4th year students on psychiatry placement from August 2023.
Great Northern Psychiatry Summer School - a New Online 3 Day Conference
Authors: Cranshaw Thomas , Evans Evelyn 
Published: July 2023

AimsOver the past two years, and continuing in 2023, we have developed a new three day online conference ‘Great Northern Psychiatry Summer School’ aimed at medical students and junior doctors interested in training in psychiatry in the North of England. This poster seeks to elaborate on our successes designing and providing a conference that contributes to the ongoing success of the RCPsych 'Choose Psychiatry' recruitment initiative and addresses regional disparities in core training fill rates.MethodsParticipants were recruited by advertising online (including social media), circulating information by medical schools and by integrating advertising into undergraduate educational provision.Innovative teaching methods including online workshops were used to introduce attendees to the breadth of roles available within psychiatry and the work-life balance available within the North. Experienced and charismatic psychiatrists within subspecialties were invited to present their area of work. Practical sessions including interactive discussion of video scenarios introducing attendees to the working lives of psychiatrists.ResultsIn the poster we summarize feedback received from attendees including a potential positive influence on psychiatric recruitment. The conference was popular to the point of being oversubscribed and having to limit numbers.In 2022, 100% of attendees (n = 56) described the conference as either ‘very well’ or ‘reasonably well’ organized including a comment that it was ‘The most to-schedule online event I've attended’. 55% ofattendees suggested that the conference should remain virtual in the future. 90% of attendees indicated they were either ‘very likely’ or ‘likely’ to apply for psychiatry training. 70% of attendees responded that they were ‘very likely’ or ‘likely’ to apply for psychiatry training in the North as a result of attending the conference.ConclusionWe have designed and hosted a successful 3 day online conference aimed at recruiting high quality and motivated candidates to the North of England, an area traditionally but no longer considered hard to fill. We have used feedback to improve the conference year to year and are hosting a 2023 conference online given previous positive experiences with this mode of delivery.