bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the effectiveness of sustainable aviation in the Middle East: A study of two UAE-based carriers
Authors: Bahman Nahed , Shaker Mahmood 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The Middle East aviation industry comprises 4.5 percent of the global aviation market, thanks to its strategic location between all the continents of the world and its position as a hub connecting the European and Asia-Pacific markets. The UAE is the biggest aviation market in the Middle East, with a 45 percent share of the region’s aviation sector. This study evaluates the effectiveness of sustainable aviation in the Middle East by analysing the sustainability measures and strategies of two of the UAE’s biggest carriers: Emirates Airline and Etihad Airways. Thematic analysis of the sustainability reports of the two carriers identified the environmental impacts of their operations and their measures and strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in compliance with ICAO and IATA policies and targets within the 3 pillars of sustainability: economic, social, and environmental. Emirates Airline’s reports revealed a clearly focused and ambitious drive to reduce environmental impacts using globally accepted honest and transparent accounting and reporting practices, whereas Etihad Airways’ report lacked details and did not signify a positive corporate social responsibility policy. Emirates Airline, unlike Etihad, reported on the emissions of NOx, CO, and UHCs below 3,000 feet, using ICAO’s landing/take-off (LTO) cycle. Also, Emirates Airline completed its first Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) emissions report for 2019 and was finalising the audited report for 2020, while Etihad Airways will be obliged to purchase carbon credits to offset post-2020 absolute emissions, if it fails to meet targets for the voluntary pilot phase beginning in 2021. Finally, Etihad introduced sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) from various sources into its energy mix, and Emirates reported aircraft fuel consumption, fuel efficiency and CO2 efficiency due to increased use of SAF. The study concludes that, despite the strategies and measures reported, the chances that both airlines would achieve 2050 net zero emissions target remain slim.
Potential toxic elements (PTEs) in costal sediment of the Persian Gulf: A systematic review-meta-analysis, non-dietary risk Assessment and ecological risk assessment
Authors: Hui Xiaomei , Asadi Amir Mohammad Sheikh , Fakhri Yadolah , Mehri Fereshteh , Limam Intissar , Thai Van Nam 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Chemical pollution in the Persian Gulf has become an important health concern in recent decades. This investigation aimed to meta-analyses of potential toxic elements (PTEs) including lead (Pb), inorganic Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Nickel (Ni) and Mercury (Hg) in the coastal sediment of the Persian Gulf. In this study, an attempt was made to retrieve papers conducted on the concentration of PTEs in the coastal sediment of the Persian Gulf by searching in international databases including Web of Science, Scopus, Embase and PubMed. Meta-analysis concentration of PTEs in the coastal sediment of the Persian Gulf was conducted using random effects model based on the country subgroup. Additionally, non-dietary risk assessment including non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks from ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact routes and ecological risk assessment was estimated. Seventy-eight papers with 81 data-reports (1650 sample size) were included in our meta-analysis. The rank order of heavy metals in coastal sediment of the Persian Gulf based on pooled concentration was Ni (65.44 mg/kg) > Pb (58.35 mg/kg) > As (23.78 mg/kg) > Cd (1.75 mg/kg) > Hg (0.77 mg/kg). The highest concentration of As, Cd, Pb, Ni and Hg was observed in the coastal sediment of Saudi Arabia, Arab Emirates, Qatar, Iran and Saudi Arabia, respectively. Although the Igeo index in coastal sediment of the Persian gulf was in Grade 1 (Uncontaminated) and grade 2 (slightly contaminated) but total target hazard quotient (TTHQ) of adults due to As and Cd and Adolescent due to As, Cd, Pb and Niwas higher than 1 value In Iran, In Saudi Arabic, TTHQ of adults due to As and Cd and adolescent due to As and Cd was higher than 1 value, In United Arab Emirates, TTHQ of adults due to Cd and Adolescents due to As, Cd and Pb were higher than 1 value and In Qatar, TTHQ of adults age group due to Pb and adolescent age group due to Pb was higher than 1 value. Total cancer risk (TCR) for adults and adolescent due to As was higher than 1E-6 in Iran, United Arab Emirates and Qatar but TCR for adolescents due to As was higher than 1E-6 in Saudi Arabic. Therefore, it is recommended to monitor the concentration of PTEs and implementation of programs to reduce the emission of PTEs from resources in the Persian Gulf.
Desorption and degradation of fenobucarb in paddy soil with the presence of pH, dissolved organic carbon, and sodium dodecyl sulphate in water
Authors: Trinh Ha Thu , Le Giang Truong , Dao Yen Hai , Duong Hanh Thi , Dang Mai Thi , Strobel Bjarne W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The presence of pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) in irrigation water for rice fields enhanced the release and biodegradation of fenobucarb in the soil-water system, contributing to the diminishing of fenobucarb and 2-sec-butylphenol in the soil and drain water. The fenobucarb-spiked soil was amended with pH 7, pH 9, 25 mg L− 1 DOC, and 1 critical micelle (2.4 g L− 1) SDS solutions, and the residual fenobucarb and 2-sec-butyl phenol were analysed in water and soil after each decomposition period. The disappearance of fenobucarb and the appearance of 2-sec-butylphenol were the result of biodegradation and hydrolysis, and these processes were influenced by the presence in the order of pH 9, DOC, pH 7, and SDS. In the presence of SDS in the solution, the desorption and biodegradation processes simultaneously affected the degradation of fenobucarb in the soil. However, fenobucarb biodegradation was inhibited, probably because of the preferential utilisation of SDS by fenobucarb degraders.
Justification of Unnecessary Pediatric Computed Tomography Examinations
Authors: Dellie *Seife Teferi , Nejmu Abduljelil , Kebede Tesfaye , Gorfu Yocabel 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
The clinical value of computed tomography imaging for the diagnosis of pediatric disease is unquestionable. However, Inappropriate or unskilled use may result in unnecessary exposures. Hence, a computed tomography involving the exposure of a patient to ionizing radiation must be both justified and optimized.
Objective
The primary goal of this research was to evaluate the revalue of applying justification to Computed Tomography requests in avoiding unnecessary radiation exposure in pediatric patients.
Methods
Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted at three government hospitals from March 2018 to July 2018 G.C. All pediatric patients who were ≤ 15 years years of age with available CT request forms were evaluated for justification of radiation doses. Data were recorded by using structured format. The collected data were checked for completeness, edited, coded, and entered into Social Science (SPSS) version 25 software for data analysis.
Results
out of 381 pediatric patients sent for computed Tomography imaging. Seventeen (17) request forms had more than one anatomical region. Therefore, a total of 398 distinct anatomical CT requests were received. Of these, 225 (59.1%) were males and 156(40.9%) were females. A review of previous studies was sufficient to provide needed information in 23 (6%) cases. In 21 (5.5%) patients magnetic resonance imaging was recommended instead of computed Tomography. 20.7% of pediatric patients (79 out of 381 patients) were protected from unnecessary radiation exposure by using principle of justification
Conclusions
Our research demonstrates that a significant amount of unnecessary radiation exposure can be reduced from paediatric patients using principle of justification
Intravascular leiomyomatosis with cardiac extension a “vessel within a vessel”
Authors: Garcés Juan , Camacho Fernando Terán , Dávalos Gerardo Dávalos , León Sofia Zárate , Armendariz Ligia Redrobán , Solórzano Vladimir Ullauri , Endara Santiago , Molina Gabriel A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Intravascular leiomyomatosis (IVL) is a histologically benign smooth muscle tumor arising from the uterus that can spread through the pelvic veins and can extend as far as the heart via the inferior vena cava. IVL is an extremely rare phenomenon, especially when the heart is involved. However, despite its benign characteristics, it can behave like a malignant tumor leading to significant morbidity and even mortality if left untreated.
Case presentation
The patient is a 42-year-old woman with a past medical history of uterine leiomyomas. Recently she developed heavy bleeding and frequent spotting; therefore consulted with her gynecologist. After further evaluation, a mass within the uterus that expanded into the pelvic veins, inferior vena cava, and right atrium was discovered.
After the complete removal of the mass, the patient underwent full recovery. IVL with cardiac extension was the final diagnosis.
Conclusion
Although IVL is rare, it must be considered in women who underwent previous hysterectomies or myomectomies and presented with pelvic masses or symptoms of right heart failure. The ideal treatment will require the joint efforts of a complete multidisciplinary team, the patient's symptoms, previous operative history, the tumor's extension, and resectability.
CMOS-compatible Ising and Potts Annealing Using Single
Photon Avalanche Diodes
Authors: Whitehead William , Nelson Zachary , Camsari Kerem , Theogarajan Luke 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Massively parallel annealing processors may offer superior performance for a wide range of sampling and optimization problems. A key component dictating the size of these processors is the neuron update circuit, ideally implemented using special stochastic nanodevices. We leverage photon statistics using single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) and temporal filtering to generate stochastic states. This method is a powerful alternative offering unique features not currently seen in annealing processors: the ability to continuously control the computational temperature and the seamless extension to the Potts model, a n-state generalization of the two-state Ising model. SPADs also offer a considerable practical advantage since they are readily manufacturable in current standard CMOS processes. As a first step towards realizing a CMOS SPAD-based annealer, we have designed Ising and Potts models driven by an array of discrete SPADs and show they accurately sample from their theoretical distributions.
GHB Toxicokinetics and Renal Monocarboxylate Transporter Expression are Influenced by the Estrus Cycle in Rats
Authors: Wei Hao , Cao Jieyun , Fallert Tyler , Yeo Su , Felmlee Melanie A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: The illicit use and abuse of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) occurs due to its sedative/hypnotic and euphoric effects. Currently, there are no clinically available therapies to treat GHB overdose, and care focuses on symptom treatment until the drug is eliminated from the body. Proton- and sodium-dependent monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs (SLC16A) and SMCTs (SLC5A)) transport and mediate the renal clearance and distribution of GHB. Previously, it has been shown that MCT expression is regulated by sex hormones in the liver, skeletal muscle and Sertoli cells. The focus of the current study is to evaluate GHB toxicokinetics and renal monocarboxylate transporter expression over the estrus cycle in females, and in the absence of male and female sex hormones.
Methods: GHB toxicokinetics and renal transporter expression of MCT1, SMCT1 and CD147 were evaluated were evaluated in females over the estrus cycle, and in ovariectomized (OVX) female, male and castrated (CST) male rats. GHB was administered iv bolus (600 and 1000 mg/kg) and plasma and urine samples were collected for six hours post-dose. GHB concentrations were quantified using a validated LC/MS/MS assay. Transporter mRNA and protein expression was quantified by qPCR and western blot.
Results: GHB renal clearance and AUC varied between sexes and over the estrus cycle in females with higher renal clearance and a lower AUC in proestrus females as compared to males (intact and CST), and OVX females. We demonstrated that renal MCT1 membrane expression varies over the estrus cycle, with the lowest expression observed in proestrus females, which is consistent with the observed changes in GHB renal clearance.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that females may be less susceptible to GHB-induced toxicity due to decreased exposure resulting from increased renal clearance, as a result of decreased renal MCT1 expression.
Ear and hearing care programs for First Nations children: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Nash Kai , Macniven Rona Rona , Clague Liesa , Coates Harvey , Fitzpatrick Mark , Gunasekera Hasantha , Gwynne Kylie , Halvorsen Luke , Harkus Samantha , Holt Leanne , Lumby Noeleen , Neal Katie , Orr Neil , Pellicano Elizabeth , Rambaldini Boe , McMahon Catherine 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Ear and hearing care programs are critical to early detection and management of otitis media which disproportionately impacts First Nations children, affecting speech and language development, social and cognitive development and, in turn, education and life outcomes. This review aimed to identify ear and hearing care programs to chart program approaches, sustainability, and areas focus across the care pathway.
Method
A systematic search was conducted using Medline, Embase, Global Health, APA PsycInfo, CINAHL, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and Academic Search Premier. Search terms included First Nations children, ear and hearing care, and health programs, initiatives, campaigns, and services.
Results
Twenty-seven articles met the criteria to be included in the review and described total of twenty-one ear and hearing care programs. Programs focussed on connecting patients to specialist services, ensuring cultural safety of services, and increasing entry into ear and hearing care pathways.
Conclusion
The majority of programs focus on detection of otitis media and hearing loss, however gaps remain within and across the care pathway which continue to create system fragmentation. Cultural safety is often considered a priority, yet engagement in programs is primarily taking place at an operational level. Programs should ensure that cultural engagement takes place at all stages of program design, operation, and evaluation. The majority of studies (and programs) do not report outcome measures, but rather short-term outputs as indicators for program success limiting an understanding of their effectiveness at mitigating longer-term impacts of middle ear disease and hearing loss. Factors relating to program sustainability include government funding and Indigenous Health Worker or community involvement which is not always considered at a program design stage.
Neurometabolic changes in a rat pup model of type C Hepatic Encephalopathy depend on age of liver disease onset
Authors: Simicic Dunja , Rackayova Veronika , Braissant Olivier , Toso Christian , Oldani Graziano , Sessa Dario , McLin Valérie , Cudalbu Cristina 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a serious condition where various toxins present in the blood affect the brain leading to type C hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Both adults and children are impacted, while children may display unique vulnerabilities depending on the affected window of brain development. We aimed to use the advantages of high field 1H MRS to study longitudinally the neurometabolic and behavioural effects of Bile Duct Ligation (animal model of CLD-induced type C HE) on rats at post-natal day 15 (p15) to get closer to neonatal onset liver disease. Furthermore, we compared two sets of animals (p15 and p21-previously published) to evaluate whether the brain responds differently to CLD according to age onset. We showed for the first time that when CLD was acquired at p15, the rats presented the typical signs of CLD, i.e. rise in plasma bilirubin and ammonium, and developed the characteristic brain metabolic changes associated with type C HE (e.g. Gln increase and osmolytes decrease). When compared to rats that acquired CLD at p21, p15 rats did not show any significant difference in plasma biochemistry, but displayed a delayed increase in brain Gln and decrease in tCho. The changes in neurotransmitters were milder than in p21 rats. Moreover, p15 rats showed an earlier increase in brain Lac and a different antioxidant response. These findings offer tentative pointers as to which neurodevelopmental processes may be impacted and raise the question of whether similar changes might exist in humans but are missed owing to 1H MRS methodological limitations in field strength of clinical magnet.
Is radioiodine ablation with 30 mCi 131I necessary in low-risk thyroid cancer patients? Results from a long-term follow-up prospective study.
Authors: Ilera Veronica , Califano Inés , Cavallo Andrea , Faure Eduardo , Vázquez Adriana , Pitoia Fabián 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In patients with low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), remnant ablation with radioiodine (RA) after total thyroidectomy (TT) is controversial. No benefits have been demonstrated in terms of mortality or disease-free survival. Recent evidence found that RA did not improve mid-term outcomes.
Purpose: to evaluate initial response to treatment and long-term follow-up status in low-risk DTC patients after TT vs. TT+RA.
Methods: prospective multicenter non-randomized study; 174 low-risk DTC that underwent TT were recruited and were divided in two groups according to RA (87 ablated and 87 non-ablated). Response to treatment was evaluated between 6-18 months after thyroidectomy and at the end of follow-up with thyroglobulin, anti-thyroglobulin antibodies levels and neck ultrasonography.
Results: baseline characteristics of both groups were similar. Ablated patients: median age 45.5 years, 84% females, 95.4% papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), mean tumor size 16mm; non-ablated: median age 45 years, 88.5% females, 96.6% PTC, mean tumor size 14 mm. Response to initial treatment was similar between both groups, with less than 2% of structural incomplete response. Final status was evaluated in 139 cases after a median follow-up of 60 months. Among ablated patients, 82.8% had no evidence of disease (NED), 12% had an indeterminate response (IR) and 5% a biochemical incomplete response (BIR). Non-ablated patients had NED in 90%, IR in 8.7% and BIR in 1.2%. No statistical difference was found between groups (p=0.29). No patient had evidence of structural disease at the end of follow-up.
Conclusions:our findings support the recommendation against routine RA in low-risk DTC patients.
The Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Women’s Access to Reproductive Health and Family Planning Services in Egypt: An exploratory study
Authors: Tawab Nahla Abdel , Tayel Salma A. , Radwan Sally M. , Ramy Mohamed A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has been noted to decrease access to reproductive health / family planning (RH/FP) services globally. We qualitatively explored women’s experiences in accessing RH/FP services during the COVID-19 lockdown months in Egypt.
Methods
Using semi-structured interviews, a total of 40 women in the Port Said and Souhag governorates were asked about (1) the initial provider they sought services from before COVID-19 lockdown, (2) challenges in accessing that provider as a result of COVID-19, (3) adaptations that women or their families made as a result of those challenges, and (4) the impact of challenges or adaptations on women and their families.
Results
Many women were unable to access SRH/FP services during COVID-19 lockdown. Main challenges were fear of contracting the virus, closure of health facilities, changing service hours, FP method or drug stock-outs, and/or financial constraints due to job losses or increased costs of services. Women and their families used several coping strategies to overcome the above challenges such as seeking services at private facilities or skipping doctor’s visits. Coping strategies that some women used to address these challenges exposed them to additional health risks, including unintended pregnancies, and posed several social, emotional, and financial burdens to many.
Conclusions
COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdown measures undermined women’s access to RH / FP services and interfered with their ability to achieve their reproductive goals. This paper highlights a number of recommendations that can be utilized in times of crisis in order to ensure proper access and utilization of RH/FP services.
Monoclonal antibody-based icELISA for monitoring fenpyroximate in citrus and apple samples
Authors: Peng Yilin , Jin Yaqi , Sun Di , Jin Zihui , Zhao Qiyang , He Yue , Jiao Bining , Cui Yongliang , Zhang Yaohai 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Fenpyroximate is a systemic phenoxy pyrazole acaricide applied worldwide to prevent and control various phytophagous mites and has the highest activity against young mites. To identify its residues in foods, four haptens of fenpyroximate were designed and an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA) based on monoclonal antibodies (2G4C7) was developed. The assay had a working range of 4.77-187.28 ng/mL and a median inhibition concentration (IC50) of 30.92 ng/mL. It showed the average recovery of 73.3%-119.1% in citrus and apple samples. The icELISA and UPLC-MS/MS test results for samples of various citrus cultivars are remarkably consistent. These results and data represent the icELISA is suitable and applicable for detecting fenpyroximate residuals in fruit and vegetable samples.
Estimation of Dye Concentration by using Kubelka-Munk and Allen-Goldfinger Reflective Models: Comparing the performance
Authors: Safi Mahdi , Amirshahi Seyed Hossein 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The problem of primary interest in quantitative analysis of a dye bath or a dyed sample of textile is to determine the concentration with a minimum percentage error. The present study describes the applicability of two reflective models i.e. the Kubelka-Munk and the Allen-Goldfinger here called Geometry, to estimate the concentration of dye from the reflectance data. The performance of the Geometry model in predicting the spectral reflectance factor of dyed polyamide fibers is evaluated by the determination of the unit k/s and the Beer-Lambert absorption extinction coefficient. To examine the models, a reflectance dataset is created by dyeing nylon 6 fabrics with four different acid dyes. The results show that the replacement of the unit k/s for the Beer-Lambert absorption coefficient in the Geometry model causes lower error in the prediction of the spectral reflectance factor. However, it is shown that this model, does not lead to better results. Consequently, the Kubelka-Munk model is still found as the most reliable method while benefiting from more simplicity in comparison to the Geometry model. The analysis of errors shows that the results deeply depend on different factors such as the range of applied concentrations as well as the spectral adsorption behaviors of dyes.