bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of proline function in higher plants under extreme temperatures
Authors: Raza A. , Charagh S. , Abbas S. , Hassan M. U. , Saeed F. , Haider S. , Sharif R. , Anand A. , Corpas F. J. , Jin W. , Varshney R. K. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractClimate change and abiotic stress factors are key players in crop losses worldwide. Among which, extreme temperatures (heat and cold) disturb plant growth and development, reduce productivity and, in severe cases, lead to plant death. Plants have developed numerous strategies to mitigate the detrimental impact of temperature stress. Exposure to stress leads to the accumulation of various metabolites,e.g.sugars, sugar alcohols, organic acids and amino acids. Plants accumulate the amino acid ‘proline’ in response to several abiotic stresses, including temperature stress. Proline abundance may result fromde novosynthesis, hydrolysis of proteins, reduced utilization or degradation. Proline also leads to stress tolerance by maintaining the osmotic balance (still controversial), cell turgidity and indirectly modulating metabolism of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, the crosstalk of proline with other osmoprotectants and signalling molecules,e.g.glycine betaine, abscisic acid, nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide, soluble sugars, helps to strengthen protective mechanisms in stressful environments. Development of less temperature‐responsive cultivars can be achieved by manipulating the biosynthesis of proline through genetic engineering. This review presents an overview of plant responses to extreme temperatures and an outline of proline metabolism under such temperatures. The exogenous application of proline as a protective molecule under extreme temperatures is also presented. Proline crosstalk and interaction with other molecules is also discussed. Finally, the potential of genetic engineering of proline‐related genes is explained to develop ‘temperature‐smart’ plants. In short, exogenous application of proline and genetic engineering of proline genes promise ways forward for developing ‘temperature‐smart’ future crop plants.
Populism, democracy, and the post‐2020 Republican Party in Congress
Authors: Lee Frances 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPopulist chief executives tend to weaken democracies by undermining the rule of law and horizontal accountability. For insight into the resilience of American democracy against such threats, this article takes a close look at how the Republican Party in Congress responded to President Donald J.Trump's attack on the legitimacy of American elections following his loss in the 2020 elections. It examines post‐2020 congressional Republicans’ decisions about party positioning, legislative party leadership and membership, and Trump's status as party leader. In each set of decisions, congressional Republicans pursued their own interests rather than echoing Trump's claims or taking direction from him. Congressional Republicans, however, largely declined to criticize Trump directly in light of their voters’ continued support for him, support that was evident in the 2022 Republican primaries. The overall conclusion is that the self‐interest of separately elected members of Congress offers a significant, albeit imperfect defense against a populist chief executive's bid for hegemony.
Utility of deceased donor cultures in solid organ transplantation in preventing donor‐derived bacterial and fungal infectious diseases transmission
Authors: Boutin Catherine‐Audrey , Pouch Stephanie M. , Ison Michael G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDeceased donor and organ perfusion fluid cultures are obtained in order to inform recipient antimicrobial management and therefore reduce the risk of donor‐derived bacterial and fungal infections. However, important heterogeneity exists in laboratory practice across organ procurement organizations and clinical management of culture results across transplant centers. While not standardized, the clinical approach to donors with positive bacterial and/or fungal cultures should be informed by the risk of donor‐derived infection (DDI) and the consequence of organ non‐utilization and account for potential unintended effects of antimicrobial use in the recipient. In this review, we summarize the literature on bacterial and fungal DDIs, describe the significance of positive cultures by anatomic site, and summarize current guidance on the management of positive cultures from donors or preservation fluids.
Successful therapeutic plasma exchange for a patient with sickle cell disease and fat embolism syndrome after a failure of a response to red cell exchange transfusion
Authors: Alsaghir Abdullah , Alsaghir Lina , Alsaif Janat , Mobeireek Abdullah 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundFat embolism syndrome (FES) is a rare complication, which was reported mostly with milder forms of heterozygous sickle cell disease (SCD). It may present in a catastrophic way with multi‐organ failure, particularly involving the pulmonary and neurological systems. Diagnosis is often missed or delayed; and the standard recommended treatment is red cell exchange (RCE) transfusion, which has sub‐optimal results, such as debilitating long‐term neurological complications. Recently, few reports suggested that the addition of Therapeutic Plasma Exchange (TPE) might further improve the outcome.Case DescriptionA 23‐year‐old woman with homozygote SCD was admitted with bony pains and vaso‐occlusive crises. However, her course evolved to respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation, decreased level of consciousness, skin rash, severe anemia and thrombocytopenia and a picture consistent with thrombotic microangiopathy. MRI of the brain showed scattered multi‐focal ischemic foci and cytotoxic edema. The patient received RCE on the third day after admission without improvement. On the seventh day, TPE was instituted (2 L/day of fresh frozen plasma for 5 days), following which she regained her consciousness and showed an improvement in her laboratory abnormalities. On follow up, she had gradual full neurological recovery and resolution of the MRI findings within a few months.ConclusionFES remains a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, with significant morbidity and mortality. Success in the management of this reported case with the addition of TPE to RCE supports the notion that TPE may be a potentially helpful modality that deserves further research.
A review of evidence‐based management of infectious ocular surface disease in shelter‐housed domestic cats
Authors: Lewin Andrew C. , Hicks Sarah K. , Carter Renee T. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractInfectious ocular surface disease (IOSD) is a common problem in shelter‐housed domestic cats and has a widespread negative impact on animal welfare. While the common etiological agents are well‐described, addressing IOSD in large groups of animals presents a management challenge to the clinician and logistical challenges to shelter employees. Treatments, diagnostics, and prevention strategies that are effective in privately owned or experimental animals may be impractical or ineffective in the shelter environment. This review article focuses on the relative prevalence of etiological agents in feline IOSD, practical diagnostic testing protocols, prevention strategies, and treatment of IOSD in shelter‐housed cats. Discrepancies between experimental laboratory‐based studies and clinical trials assessing therapeutics for treatment of feline herpes virus are highlighted. Further high‐quality clinical trials are necessary to determine optimal preventative and therapeutic protocols for IOSD in shelter‐housed cats.
Influence of Casing Groove on Rotating Instabilities in a Low-Speed Axial Compressor
Authors: Chen Xiangyi , Koppe Björn , Lange Martin , Chu Wuli , Mailach Ronald 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRotating instability (RI) can be regarded as a pre-stall signal because such phenomena are usually detected when a compressor operates at a near-stall point. Since RI is closely relevant to aerodynamic, acoustic, and structural issues, its mechanism has attracted industrial concerns and in-depth analysis. In this paper, a low-speed axial single compressor rotor row is selected as the baseline research object. A circumferential casing groove is mounted over the shroud. The solid casing and the casing treated configurations were simulated using the zonal large eddy simulation model, and the simulations present remarkable predictions in capturing the averaged and dynamic characteristics of the investigated compressor. By implementing a data-driven method called dynamic mode decomposition, the mode with the highest amplitude is proved to be correlated to the dominant RI frequency. The spatial and temporal property of the RI is visualized. The results show that the casing groove has limited influence on the averaged flow field but manipulates the dynamic features. The groove allows the RIs to shift from around 0.5 blade passing frequency to higher frequencies in the upstream region and effectively suppresses the unsteadiness in the zones under and downstream of the groove. The RIs are triggered by the flow interaction of the tip leakage flow at the front part of the blade. It can be depicted as pressure waves staggering with the rotor blade and propagating over the blade tip region at around half of the blade speed. With the existence of the casing groove, the dominant wavelength changes, and the fluctuation is damped under the groove, which finally modifies the properties of RIs.
Association between tobacco product use and asthma among US adults from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study waves 2–4
Authors: Brunette Mary F , Halenar Michael J , Edwards Kathryn C , Taylor Kristie A , Emond Jennifer A , Tanski Susanne E , Woloshin Steven , Paulin Laura M , Hyland Andrew , Lauten Kristen , Mahoney Martin , Blanco Carlos , Borek Nicolette , DaSilva Louis Claudio , Gardner Lisa D , Kimmel Heather L , Sargent James D 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundResearch on cigarettes and adult asthma offers mixed findings, perhaps due to overlap with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and inadequate adjustment for other smoke exposures. Associations between other tobacco products, including e-cigarettes, and asthma are also understudied.Research questionUsing Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study waves 2–4 (2014/2015–2016/2017) data, we assessed the relation between tobacco product use and asthma in persons unlikely to have COPD.Study design and methodsProspective study of 10 267 adults aged 18–39 years without COPD diagnoses. Past-month tobacco use at wave 2 was modelled first as combustible versus non-combustible use and second as specific product categories (former, cigarettes, e-cigarettes, cigars, hookah, smokeless tobacco). Outcomes included lifetime asthma prevalence at wave 2, incidence (waves 3 and 4) and Asthma Control Test score (lower=worse). Multivariable regressions adjusted for predictors of asthma, including other smoke exposures: cigarette pack-years, secondhand smoke and marijuana use. Sensitivity analyses examined findings when persons >39 years and those with both COPD and asthma were added, and when smoke exposure adjustments were removed.ResultsNo product, including cigarettes and e-cigarettes, was associated with prevalence or incidence of asthma. Among people with asthma at wave 2, combustible tobacco (beta=−0.86, 95% CI (−1.32 to –0.39)) and cigarettes (beta=−1.14, 95% CI (−1.66 to –0.62)) were associated with worse asthma control. No tobacco product was associated with asthma control over time. In sensitivity analyses, tobacco use became associated with incident asthma as adults >39 years and those with asthma+COPD were added, and as adjustments for other smoke exposures were omitted.InterpretationAlthough cigarette use was associated with worse asthma control, there were no longitudinal associations between combustible tobacco or e-cigarette use and new onset or worsening asthma in these preliminary analyses. Research on tobacco and asthma should exclude COPD and adjust for smoking history and other smoke exposures.
Balanced Even-Variable Rotation Symmetric Boolean Functions with Optimal Algebraic Immunity, Maximum Algebraic Degree and Higher Nonlinearity
Authors: Guo Fei , Wang Zilong 
Published: February 2023

Rotation symmetric Boolean functions are good candidates for stream ciphers because they have such advantages as simple structure, high operational speed and low implement cost. Recently, Mesnager et al. proposed for the first time an efficient method to construct balanced rotation symmetric Boolean functions with optimal algebraic immunity and good nonlinearity for an arbitrary even number of variables. However, the algebraic degree of their constructed [Formula: see text]-variable ([Formula: see text]) function is always less than the maximum value [Formula: see text]. In this paper, by modifying the support of Boolean functions from Mesnager et al.’s construction, we present two new constructions of balanced even-variable rotation symmetric Boolean functions with optimal algebraic immunity as well as higher algebraic degree and nonlinearity. The algebraic degree of Boolean functions in the first construction reaches the maximum value [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] is odd and [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] for integer [Formula: see text], while that of the second construction reaches the maximum value for all [Formula: see text]. Moreover, the nonlinearities of Boolean functions in both two constructions are higher than that of Mesnager et al.’s construction.
Null and neutral models for explaining spatial variations in intertidal invertebrate species diversity on rocky shores in Antofagasta town (23°S, Chile)
Authors: De los Ríos-Escalante Patricio , Esse Carlos , Stella Chelladurai , Adikesavan Priya , Zúñiga Oscar 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The intertidal invertebrate community on rocky shores in northern Chile is characterised by a high species richness resulting from the high productivity of this ecosystem. The present study aims to do the first characterisation of invertebrate communities on rocky shores in Antofagasta town and surroundings (23°S), using species co-occurrence and niche-sharing null models, analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) and nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). The null model results revealed that species associations are not structured, that the existing species do not have the same ecology, which would result in many repeated species by site, and that specificity in their ecological niches exists. The ANOSIM and NMDS revealed the absence of significant differences between sites with human intervention and without human intervention. The obtained results agree with the literature for northern and central Chilean and southern Peruvian rocky shores, and other coastal marine ecosystems with high productivity.
Notes on the identity of Leea setuligera and Leea talbotii (Vitaceae)
Authors: A. AMRUTHA , PRADEEP A. K. 
Published: February 2023

Leea talbotii is found to be conspecific with Leea setuligera, but not with Leea macrophylla as understood previously. A detailed description, photo plate and illustration of L. setuligera are provided, and the lectotype of L. talbotii and Leea mastersii var. siamensis is designated.
Hepatic artery disorders associated with alcoholism
Authors: Petroianu Andy , Haddad Cecília Maria de Sousa Lagares Dabien , Pereira Gisele Araújo , Vidigal Paula Vieira Teixeira 
Published: February 2023

Objective We aimed to characterize the relationship between severe chronic alcoholism and hepatic arterial wall disorders in humans. Methods We obtained hepatic arteries from 165 patients undergoing liver transplantation who were placed into two etiological groups: an Alcoholism group and a Non-alcoholism group. We compared the age, sex, lipid profile, and histologic characteristics of the hepatic arteries (normal, reduction in luminal diameter of ≤10%, or atherosclerosis) of the participants in the two groups using multifactor analyses. Results The Alcoholism group comprised 58 men and 40 women and the Non-alcoholism group comprised 63 men and 4 women. The mean ages of the groups were 52.5 ± 9.6 years and 44.2 ± 13.8 years, respectively. There were no circulating lipid abnormalities in any of the participants. In women, arterial disorders were found at a younger age than in men. Hepatic arterial disorders were more frequent in the non-alcoholic participants, and women with alcoholism showed less arterial narrowing. Conclusion The heavy consumption of alcoholic beverages is associated with a lower incidence of atherosclerosis of the hepatic artery in humans.
Selective electrodeposition of indium microstructures on silicon and their conversion into InAs and InSb semiconductors
Authors: Hnida-Gut Katarzyna E. , Sousa Marilyne , Tiwari Preksha , Schmid Heinz 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The idea of benefitting from the properties of III-V semiconductors and silicon on the same substrate has been occupying the minds of scientists for several years. Although the principle of III-V integration on a silicon-based platform is simple, it is often challenging to perform due to demanding requirements for sample preparation rising from a mismatch in physical properties between those semiconductor groups (e.g. different lattice constants and thermal expansion coefficients), high cost of device-grade materials formation and their post-processing. In this paper, we demonstrate the deposition of group-III metal and III-V semiconductors in microfabricated template structures on silicon as a strategy for heterogeneous device integration on Si. The metal (indium) is selectively electrodeposited in a 2-electrode galvanostatic configuration with the working electrode (WE) located in each template, resulting in well-defined In structures of high purity. The semiconductors InAs and InSb are obtained by vapour phase diffusion of the corresponding group-V element (As, Sb) into the liquified In confined in the template. We discuss in detail the morphological and structural characterization of the synthesized In, InAs and InSb crystals as well as chemical analysis through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (TEM/STEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The proposed integration path combines the advantage of the mature top-down lithography technology to define device geometries and employs economic electrodeposition (ED) and vapour phase processes to directly integrate difficult-to-process materials on a silicon platform.

Graphical abstract
A novel easy-to-use index to predict institutionalization and death in older population – a 10-year population-based follow-up study
Authors: Heikkilä Elisa , Salminen Marika , Viljanen Anna , Katajamäki Taina , Koivula Marja-Kaisa , Pulkki Kari , Isoaho Raimo , Kivelä Sirkka-Liisa , Viitanen Matti , Löppönen Minna , Vahlberg Tero , Venäläinen Mikko S. , Elo Laura L. , Viikari Laura , Irjala Kerttu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Various indexes have been developed to estimate the risk for mortality, institutionalization, and other adverse outcomes for older people. Most indexes are based on a large number of clinical or laboratory parameters. An index based on only a few parameters would be more practical to use in every-day clinical practice. Our aim was to create an index to predict the risk for mortality and institutionalization with as few parameters as possible without compromising their predictive ability.

Methods
A prospective study with a 10-year follow-up period. Thirty-six clinical and fourteen laboratory parameters were combined to form an index. Cox regression model was used to analyze the association of the index with institutionalization and mortality. A backward statistical method was used to reduce the number of parameters to form an easy-to-use index for predicting institutionalization and mortality.

Results
The mean age of the participants (n = 1172) was 73.1 (SD 6.6, range 64‒97) years. Altogether, 149 (14%) subjects were institutionalized, and 413 (35%) subjects deceased during the follow-up. Institutionalization and mortality rates increased as index scores increased both for the large 50-parameter combined index and for the reduced indexes. After a backward variable selection in the Cox regression model, three clinical parameters remained in the index to predict institutionalization and six clinical and three laboratory parameters in the index to predict mortality. The reduced indexes showed a slightly better predictive value for both institutionalization and mortality compared to the full index.

Conclusions
A large index with fifty parameters included many unimportant parameters that did not increase its predictive value, and therefore could be replaced with a reduced index with only a few carefully chosen parameters, that were individually associated with institutionalization or death.
Comparisons on factors affecting residents fulfilling self-determination in ethno-specific and mainstream nursing homes: a qualitative study
Authors: Xiao Lily , Gregoric Carolyn , Gordon Sue , Ullah Shahid , Goodwin-Smith Ian , Muir-Cochrane Eimear , Blunt Sara 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Studies revealed that supporting residents fulfilling self-determination is positively associated with their health, wellbeing and quality of life. Cross-cultural care poses significant challenges for nursing home residents to fulfil their self-determination in control of own care and maintaining meaningful connections with others. The aim of the study was to compare factors affecting residents fulfilling self-determination in ethno-specific and mainstream nursing homes.

Methods
A qualitative descriptive approach was applied to the study. Culturally competent care and person-centred care were employed as guiding frameworks. Individual interviews or a focus group with residents and family members were conducted to collect data.

Results
In total, 29 participants participated in the study. Three main themes were identified: communicating needs and preferences; mastering own care; and maintaining meaningful relationships. Each theme includes sub-themes that detail similarities and differences of factors affecting residents fulfilling self-determination in the two type nursing homes. Findings indicate that residents from both types of nursing homes experienced challenges to communicate their care needs and preferences in daily care activities. Moreover, residents or their representatives from both types of nursing homes demonstrated motivation and competence to master residents’ care based on their individual preferences, but also perceived that their motivation was not always supported by staff or the nursing home environment. Residents’ competence in mastering their care activities in ethno-specific nursing homes was based on the condition that they were given opportunities to use a language of choice in communication and staff and the nursing home demonstrated culturally competent care for them. In addition, ethno-specific nursing homes showed more recourse to support residents to maintain meaningful relationships with peers and others.

Conclusions
Culturally competent care created by staff, nursing homes and the aged care system is a basic condition for residents from ethnic minority groups to fulfil self-determination. In addition, person-centred care approach enables residents to optimise self-determination.