bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated geometry characterization of laser-structured battery electrodes
Authors: Hille Lucas , Hoffmann Paul , Kriegler Johannes , Mayr Andreas , Zaeh Michael F. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMicro structuring of battery electrodes with pulsed laser radiation substantially increases the performance of lithium-ion batteries. For process design and monitoring, determining the resulting hole diameters and depths is essential. This study presents an automated, model-based approach for the geometry characterization of laser-drilled structures in battery electrodes. An iteratively re-weighted least squares algorithm is used for fitting of a reference plane to confocal laser scanning microscopy images of laser-structured electrodes. Using a threshold-based segregation of the generated weights, the holes are segmented from the pristine electrode surfaces. The results from the automated geometry determination were found to coincide well with manual measurements. By reducing the image resolution, the runtime of the code could be decreased, which yet lowered the accuracy of the hole depth prediction. In a sensitivity analysis, the algorithm performed stably under changes in the recording conditions, such as altered image brightness, frame rate, or vertical resolution. In conclusion, the presented method reduces the effort and increases the reproducibility for analyzing large experimental data sets in laser electrode structuring. Furthermore, the approach can be successfully transferred to other applications, which is demonstrated by indentations in battery current collector foils stemming from electrode calendering.
Mobile Apps for Sexual and Reproductive Health Education: a Systematic Review and Quality Assessment
Authors: Muehlmann Marlene , Tomczyk Samuel 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The aim of this study was to present the current state of research on mobile health apps for sexual and reproductive health (SRH) education. Apps were analysed based on contents (by using the World Health Organization’s SRH framework), features, intended audiences and quality of evidence (by applying the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach). Taking German sexuality education apps as an example, the rapid development in the field of SRH apps over the last 3 years has been revealed by comparing the quality of apps available in 2019 with apps from 2022.

Recent Findings
SRH apps allow health information to be disseminated quickly, at low thresholds and in a practical and cost-effective manner. Moreover, they allow for anonymous usage independently of time and place. In the absence of network coverage, offline use is also possible. Previous research focused on individual SRH aspects (e.g. human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), contraception). However, some studies were designed to cover a broader range of SRH topics, but identified only a few relevant apps.

Summary
To improve SRH, it would be helpful if the apps would be of high-quality design and be made up of relevant content. Furthermore, they should be tailored to the target group and have been tested in real-life settings. A total of 50 SRH apps with sufficiently high-quality ratings were included. The apps cover a variety of SRH topics, but they often lack field-based evaluation. The effectiveness of SRH apps has not yet been sufficiently studied in a scientific manner. Only 9 apps were deemed to be adequate for a moderate GRADE level. Despite this grading, the study nevertheless shows that there are several apps that could potentially promote SRH.
Effect of low dose denosumab on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis after a transition from 60 mg dose: a prospective observational study
Authors: Khan Aliya A. , AbuAlrob Hajar , M’Hiri Iman , Ali Dalal S. , Dandurand Karel , Said Hosay , Alkassem Hisham , Hakami Yasser , Hweija Ismail , Iqbal Salman , Romanovschi Mihai , Mehmood Shehryar , Zariffeh Heather , Guyatt Gordon , Ibrahim Quazi , Brignardello-Petersen Romina , Syed Hamza I. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Denosumab is an effective antiresorptive molecule and reduces the risk of fracture in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Cessation of denosumab therapy however is associated with rapid declines in bone mineral density (BMD), rises in bone remodeling, and an increased risk of fracture. We evaluated the effect of low dose denosumab (30 mg every 6 months) on the prevention of bone loss following a switch from standard dose (60 mg of denosumab every 6 months) in a prospective observational study.

Methods
We recruited 114 women 50–90 years of age with postmenopausal osteoporosis at a moderate fracture risk without prior fragility fractures, who had been on denosumab 60 mg every 6 month. These women switched to low dose denosumab 30 mg every 6 months. Mean percentage change in lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN), total hip (TH) and 1/3 distal radius (1/3RAD) BMD at 12 and 24 months were evaluated. Predictors for change in BMD were explored. Subgroup analysis for patients on denosumab 60 mg every 6 months for <3 years and for ≥3 years before switching to low dose denosumab 30 mg was evaluated.

Results
At 12 months following a switch from 60 mg to 30 mg of denosumab every 6 months we observed an increase in LS BMD mean percentage change (+2.03%, 95% CI 1.18–2.88, p < 0.001). BMD was stable at the hip and radial sites. Age was found to be a predictor of the mean percentage change in LS BMD for the overall sample. At 24 months, there was a further increase in LS BMD mean percentage change (+3.44%, 95% CI 1.74–5.12, p < 0.001), with stable BMD at other skeletal sites. The 12 month mean BMD percentage change at the LS (p = 0.015), FN (p < 0.001), TH (p < 0.001), and 1/3 RAD (p < 0.001) were found to be predictors of the 24 month mean BMD percentage change. No clinical fractures were reported during 24 months of follow up.

Conclusion
We observed stable BMD following a switch from denosumab 60 mg every 6 months to 30 mg every 6 months in this prospective observational study conducted in postmenopausal women at a moderate fracture risk
Attenuation of Age-Related Hearing Impairment in Senescence-Accelerated Mouse Prone 8 (SAMP8) Mice Treated with Fatty Acid Synthase Inhibitor CMS121
Authors: Pham Tammy B. , Boussaty Ely Cheikh , Currais Antonio , Maher Pamela , Schubert David R. , Manor Uri , Friedman Rick A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mouse model, oxidative stress leads to premature senescence and age-related hearing impairment (ARHI). CMS121 inhibits oxytosis/ferroptosis by targeting fatty acid synthase. The aim of our study was to determine whether CMS121 is protective against ARHI in SAMP8 mice. Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were used to assess baseline hearing in sixteen 4-week-old female SAMP8 mice, which were divided into two cohorts. The control group was fed a vehicle diet, while the experimental group was fed a diet containing CMS121. ABRs were measured until 13 weeks of age. Cochlear immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze the number of paired ribbon-receptor synapses per inner hair cell (IHC). Descriptive statistics are provided with mean ± SEM. Two-sample t-tests were performed to compare hearing thresholds and paired synapse count across the two groups, with alpha = 0.05. Baseline hearing thresholds in the control group were statistically similar to those of the CMS121 group. At 13 weeks of age, the control group had significantly worse hearing thresholds at 12 kHz (56.5 vs. 39.8, p = 0.044) and 16 kHz (64.8 vs. 43.8, p = 0.040) compared to the CMS121 group. Immunohistochemistry showed a significantly lower synapse count per IHC in the control group (15.7) compared to the CMS121 group (18.4), p = 0.014. Our study shows a significant reduction in ABR threshold shifts and increased preservation of IHC ribbon synapses in the mid-range frequencies among mice treated with CMS121 compared to untreated mice.
Important oncogenic and immunogenic roles of SPP1 and CSF1 in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Xiang Tianxin , Cheng Na , Huang Bo , Zhang Xujun , Zeng Ping 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe treatment and prognosis of liver cancer remain the focus of medical research. Studies have shown that SPP1 and CSF1 play important roles in cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Therefore, this study analyzed the oncogenic and immunologic roles of SPP1 and CSF1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We found that the expression levels of SPP1 and CSF1 in HCC were markedly increased and positively correlated. High SPP1 expression was significantly associated with poor OS, DSS, PFS, and RFS. It was not affected by gender, alcohol use, HBV, or race, whereas CSF1 was affected by these factors. Higher expression levels of SPP1 and CSF1 indicated higher levels of immune cell infiltration and a higher immune score with the R software package ESTIMATE. Further analysis revealed that many genes work co-expressed between SPP1 and CSF1 with the LinkedOmics database, which were mainly involved in signal transduction, the integral components of the membrane, protein binding, and osteoclast differentiation. In addition, we screened ten hub genes using cytoHubba, among which the expression of four genes was significantly associated with the prognosis of HCC patients. Finally, we demonstrated the oncogenic and immunologic roles of SPP1 and CSF1 using the vitro experiments. Reducing the expression of either SPP1 or CSF1 could significantly reduce the proliferation of HCC cells and the expression of CSF1, SPP1, and the other four hub genes. This study suggested that SPP1 and CSF1 interact with each other and have the potential to be therapeutic and prognostic targets for HCC.
A Challenge for Indexical Reliabilism
Authors: Ask Zaar Balder Edmund 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe new evil demon problem amounts to a difficult challenge for the externalist about epistemic justification. Many solutions to the problem have been proffered in the almost 40 years since its first appearance in the literature. Among the more promising responses is indexical reliabilism, a combination of two versions of actual world reliabilism where “actual” denotes either the world of utterance or a rigidly determined actual world. This paper does three things. First, it attempts to clarify indexical reliabilism and how it purports to solve the new evil demon problem. Second, it attempts to mitigate some of the prominent criticism that has been leveled against the theory. Third, it poses an explanatory challenge for the theory which remains even after all of the premises supporting indexical reliabilism are accepted. The conclusion is that indexical reliabilism is not tenable until a linguistic mechanism for the use of “actually reliable” has been offered that explains how the theory avoids collapsing into a two-concepts response to the new evil demon problem.
Hif-1α/Slit2 Mediates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Changes in Restenosis of Bypass Grafts
Authors: Li Sen , Gao Zhiwei , Li Haiqing , Xu Chang , Chen Bing , Zha Qing , Yang Ke , Wang Weilin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are involved in restenosis of bypass grafts and cause artery graft occlusion. This study aimed to explore the role of Slit2 in phenotypic switching of VSMCs and its effect on restenosis of vascular conduits. An animal model of vascular graft restenosis (VGR) was produced in SD rats and assessed by echocardiography. The expression of Slit2 and Hif-1α was measured in vivo and in vitro. After Slit2 overexpression, the migration and proliferation of VSMCs were detected in vitro, and the restenosis rates and phenotype of VSMCs were tested in vivo. The arteries of the VGR model presented significant stenosis, and Slit2 was decreased in VSMCs of the VGR model. In vitro, Slit2 overexpression inhibited the migration and proliferation of VSMCs, but Slit2 knockdown promoted migration and proliferation. Hypoxia induced Hif-1α but reduced Slit2, and Hif-1α negatively regulated Slit2 expression. Moreover, Slit2 overexpression weakened the rate of VGR and maintained the patency of artery bypass grafts, which suppressed the phenotypic switching of VSMCs. Slit2 inhibited the synthetic phenotype transformation to inhibit the migration and proliferation of VSMCs and delayed the VGR via Hif-1α.
Comparison of Ganoderma boninense Isolate’s Aggressiveness Using Infected Oil Palm Seedlings
Authors: Lo Mei Lieng , Thanh Tu Anh Vu , Midot Frazer , Lau Sharon Yu Ling , Wong Wei Chee , Tung Hun Jiat , Jee Mui Sie , Chin Mei-Yee , Melling Lulie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBasal stem rot incidence caused by a white-rot fungus, Ganoderma boninense, is the major disease of oil palm in Southeast Asia. The rate of disease transmission and host damage are affected by variations in pathogen aggressiveness. Several other studies have used the disease severity index (DSI) to determine G. boninense aggressiveness levels while verifying disease using a culture-based method, which might not provide accurate results or be feasible in all cases. To differentiate G. boninense aggressiveness, we employed the DSI and vegetative growth measurement of infected oil palm seedlings. Disease confirmation was performed through scanning electron microscopy and molecular identification of fungal DNA from both infected tissue and fungi isolated from Ganoderma selective medium. Two-month-old oil palm seedlings were artificially inoculated with G. boninense isolates (2, 4A, 5A, 5B, and 7A) sampled from Miri (Lambir) and Mukah (Sungai Meris and Sungai Liuk), Sarawak. The isolates were categorized into three groups: highly aggressive (4A and 5B), moderately aggressive (5A and 7A), and less aggressive (2). Isolate 5B was identified as the most aggressive, and it was the only one to result in seedling mortality. Out of the five vegetative growth parameters measured, only the bole size between treatments was not affected. The integration of both conventional and molecular approaches in disease confirmation allows for precise detection.
The influence of the heat generation during deformation on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the selected TWIP steels
Authors: Jabłońska Magdalena Barbara , Jasiak Katarzyna , Kowalczyk Karolina , Skwarski Mateusz , Rodak Kinga , Gronostajski Zbigniew 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The TWIP (Twinning Induced Plasticity) steels are one of the most promising materials in reducing the weight of vehicles. Despite a lot of research on TWIP steel, there are some issues that are not explained enough. Due to the future use of TWIP steel and the manufacturing of the final part by metal forming, three issues still need to be clarified. The first one, which is the most important, is the increase of the temperature due to the conversion of the deformation work into heat. TWIP steel has a high limit strain, strength and lower conductivity than conventional steel, therefore the heat generation of TWIP steel is greater than for other materials. The second and third issues are combined. They concern the influence of V microadditions on the stress–strain curves, the strain hardening coefficient n and the strain rate sensitivity coefficient m under cold deformation conditions. These properties determine the cold formability of TWIP steels. In the research, two TWIP steels were used with and without V microadditions (MnAl and MnAl-V steel). The special methodology using strain and temperature measurement systems as well as light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were applied. Research shows a significant increase of the temperature in the material due to high plastic deformations as well as a high level of yield stress. In the neck area, for the highest strain rate of 0,1 s -1, at the moment of rupture, the temperature reaches more than 200 °C. The difference between the average temperature in the rupture area and the maximum temperature is equal to 100° C. Its high increase can lead e.g. to changes in the deformation mechanism from twinning to dislocation gliding, which is also connected with a worsened workability, and thus also energy consumption of the bodywork elements. MnAl-V steel has better or similar ductility for the deep drawing in comparison to MnAl steel at low strain rates for almost isothermal conditions (constant temperature during deformation). However the MnAl steel has better ductility for the larger strain rates over 0.1 s−1 then there is large heat concentration in a very narrow area for MnAl-V steel. The obtained results are very important from an application point of view. The strain rate sensitivity coefficient m of the steel MnAl has very low, and even negative, values, which can make the production of complicated drawpieces difficult. Higher values of the strain rate sensitivity coefficient are exhibited by steel MnAl-V, i.e. at the level of 0,05, which is almost constant in the whole range of the obtained deformations.
An Mw 7.8 Earthquake on 6 February 2023 on the East Anatolian Fault, Turkey
Authors: Chadha R. K. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
An earthquake of Mw7.8 occurred on 6 February 2023 at a depth of 18 km on the NE-SW trending East Anatolian Fault (EAF) in southern Turkey bordering Syria. This is the first time that an earthquake of Mw≥7.0 has occurred on EAF since 1900. The region lies on the triple-junction between the Arabian, African and Anatolian plates. The epicenter was located 32 km WNW of the Gaziantep city close to the Kahramanmaras Triple Junction (KMTJ) where the NNE-SSW Dead Sea transform fault (DSF) intersects the EAF. Based on the distribution of immediate aftershocks of 4.0≤Mw≤6.7 it is inferred that the fault rupture was bidirectional and broke a ~300 km fault length of EAF in three segments of Amanos, Pazarcik and Erkenek. This earthquake triggered an event of Mw7.5 on the E-W Surgu Fault, ~100 km north of the mainshock. Eleven cities suffered the worst damage where several multistoried structures collapsed killing more than 43,000 people. While the structures in the epicentral region collapsed due to very strong shaking induced by these two shallow and large earthquakes the collapse of structures in cities as far as 300 km suggests strong role of seismic wave amplification due to local site effects in addition to poor construction practices and non-compliance of seismic codes. The rupture of a ~300 km fault length in three segments of EAF and its influence to trigger future large earthquakes in the adjacent four segments of Puturge, Palu, Ilica and Karliova in eastern Turkey by stress transfer in a cascading manner is discussed.
Seismic Response of Pile-raft Foundations of a Building on Layered Soil-based Design in South India
Authors: Vignesh R. , Muttharam M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study aims to assess the seismic effects of a mid-rise building on the layered soil medium and to estimate the dynamic impacts of pile raft performance that have been studied using PLAXIS 3D-based finite element analysis, optimization of BSDPT, and economical building design. Further, to understand the stiffness of the raft and the effect of the piles on the surface and inside an excavation. The geotechnical analysis of raft with piles PLAXIS 3D simulation, Poulos-Davis-Randolph (PDR), and Stress Distribution on Pile Top (BSDPT) optimization method indicate the displacements have been reduced by 60% based on superstructure design. The column reactions were estimated by Indian standard code using STAAD-Pro. The study reveals that when the building is as-built on the ground, piled-raft foundations have a considerable favourable influence on the seismic behaviours of the building structure, such as a 20% reduction in load and 2.36 cubic meters (m³) pile volume reduction. This study provides insight into the impacts of pile-raft foundations on the seismic response of pile-raft foundations of the superstructures, helping to fill a knowledge gap and better understanding the dynamic assessment of the layered soil settings.
A Spatial Distribution of Organic Carbon status in Koppal and Yadgir Taluks of Karnataka, India using GIS and Geostatistics
Authors: Hegde Rajendra , Kumar M.B. Mahendra , Niranjana K.V. , Seema K.V. , Dhanorkar B.A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Spatial distribution of Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) status is necessary for enhancing crop and soil productivity. In this study, soil samples were collected from Koppal and Yadgir taluks (Northern dry zone and Northeastern dry zone) of Karnataka at 320 m grid interval at 0-15 cm depth and assessed for organic carbon and map was prepared under GIS using Arc GIS 10.4 Geo-wizard Kriging method. The results of the study showed that, SOC was medium in 37 per cent and high in 26 per cent of the total area (1,38,298 ha) in Koppal taluks. Whereas, in Yadgir taluks, SOC status was medium in 38 per cent and high in 31 per cent of the total area (1,71,060 ha). The descriptive statistics were positively skewed with positive kurtosis value. The spatial variability showed a moderate spatial dependence with spherical model in both the taluks. Therefore, the study showed that, most of the soils were medium in SOC status. There is a need of integrated nutrient management with additional emphasis for enhancing SOC for sustainable crop production.
Prioritization of Sub-watersheds for the Categorization of Surface Runoff and Sediment Production Rate Based on Geo-spatial Modeling and PCA Approach: A Case from Upper Beas River, Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Kumar Mohit , Tiwari Reet Kamal , Kumar Kamal , Rautela Kuldeep Singh 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Studying geo-morphometric parameters using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) tools is crucial to routing runoff and remaining hydrological processes. A geo-spatial model and principal component analysis (PCA) approach are used in this study to prioritize sub-watersheds of the upper Beas river up to Pandoh dam. Dendritic drainage patterns throughout its sub-watersheds characterized the 6th-order Beas river. The sub-watersheds show a lithological uniformity that indicates that the entire watershed has structurally impermeable materials at both surface and sub-surface levels. Moreover, the aerial and relief aspects of the sub-watershed indicate fine drainage textures, steep slopes, immediate peak flows, a hydrograph with multiple peaks, and a low concentration time. In other words, the sub-watershed may not be able to manage flash floods during the storm period. Surface runoff and sediment production rates (SPR) were estimated in the present study ranged from 3.576 - 5.240 sq. km-cm/sq.km and 0.101 - 0.234 ha-m/100sq.km/year, respectively. Finally, the study concluded that the sub-watersheds in the upper regions produced high runoff and sediments, usually carried into the mainstream. Further, the PCA technique was applied to find the redundant morphometric parameters and then the same results were utilized to determine the effective way to prioritize the watershed. The present study will serve as a basis for developing appropriate policies and practices for peak flooding and promoting the sustainability of the watershed.