bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodality imaging evaluation of primary testicular extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma: two case reports
Authors: Huang Wenpeng , Liu Xiaonan , Li Liming , Zhang Yongbai , Gao Yuan , Gao Jianbo , Kang Lei 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundExtranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTCL) is a distinct pathological entity and accounts for ~10% of T-cell lymphomas. The histological features of ENKTCL include angiodestruction and coagulative necrosis and the association with EBV infection. ENKTCL is typically aggressive and mainly affects the nasal cavity and nasopharyngeal region. However, some patients can present with distant nodal or extranodal involvement such as the Waldeyer ring, gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary organs, lung, thyroid, skin, and testes. Compared to ENKTCL of nasal type, primary testicular ENKTCL is very rare and has a lower age of onset and faster clinical progression, with tumor cell dissemination occurring early in the disease.Case reportCase 1: A 23-year-old man presented with 1 month of right testicular pain and swelling. Enhancement CT revealed increased density in the right testis, uneven increased enhancement, discontinuity of the local envelope, and multiple trophoblastic vessels in the arterial phase. Testicular ENKTCL was diagnosed by post-operative pathology. The patient underwent a follow-up 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging 1 month later and found elevated metabolism in the bilateral nasal, left testicular, and right inguinal lymph nodes. Unfortunately, the patient received no further treatment and died 6 months later. Case 2: A 2-year-old male child presented with an enlarged right testicle, MRI showed a mass in the right epididymis and testicular area, which showed low signal on T1WI, high signal on T2WI and DWI, and low signal on ADC. Meanwhile, CT showed soft tissue in the lower lobe of the left lung and multiple high-density nodules of varying sizes in both lungs. Based on the post-operative pathology, the lesion was diagnosed with primary testicular ENKTCL. The pulmonary lesion was diagnosed as hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with EBV infection. The child was given SMILE chemotherapy, but pancreatitis was induced during chemotherapy, then he died 5 months later after chemotherapy.ConclusionPrimary testicular ENKTCL is very rare in clinical practice, typically presenting as a painful testicular mass, which can mimic inflammatory lesions and cause diagnostic challenges. 18F-FDG PET/CT plays pivotal roles in the diagnosis, staging, evaluation of treatment outcomes and prognosis evaluation in patients with testicular ENKTCL, and it is helpful to assist clinical practice to better formulate individualized treatment plans.
SARS-CoV-2 and gastrointestinal diseases
Authors: Sha Ailong , Liu Yi , Zhao Xuewen 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, which has caused serious challenges for public health systems worldwide.Literature reviewSARS-CoV-2 invades not only the respiratory system, but also the digestive system, causing a variety of gastrointestinal diseases.SignificanceUnderstanding the gastrointestinal diseases caused by SARS-CoV-2, and the damage mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 to the gastrointestinal tracts and gastrointestinal glands are crucial to treating the gastrointestinal diseases caused by SARS-CoV-2.ConclusionThis review summarizes the gastrointestinal diseases caused by SARS-CoV-2, including gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders, gastrointestinal ulcer diseases, gastrointestinal bleeding, and gastrointestinal thrombotic diseases, etc. Furthermore, the mechanisms of gastrointestinal injury induced by SARS-COV-2 were analyzed and summarized, and the suggestions for drug prevention and treatment were put forward for the reference of clinical workers.
Hydroxyurea pharmacokinetics and precision dosing in low-resource settings
Authors: Smart Luke R. , Charles Mwesige , McElhinney Kathryn E. , Dong Min , Power-Hays Alexandra , Howard Thad , Vinks Alexander A. , Ambrose Emmanuela E. , Ware Russell E. 
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Hydroxyurea is effective disease-modifying treatment for sickle cell anemia (SCA). Escalation to maximum tolerated dose (MTD) achieves superior benefits without additional toxicities, but requires dose adjustments with serial monitoring. Pharmacokinetic (PK)-guided dosing can predict a personalized optimal dose, which approximates MTD and requires fewer clinical visits, laboratory assessments, and dose adjustments. However, PK-guided dosing requires complex analytical techniques unavailable in low-resource settings. Simplified hydroxyurea PK analysis could optimize dosing and increase access to treatment.Methods: Concentrated stock solutions of reagents for chemical detection of serum hydroxyurea using HPLC were prepared and stored at −80C. On the day of analysis, hydroxyurea was serially diluted in human serum, then spiked with N-methylurea as an internal standard and analyzed using two commercial HPLC machines: 1) standard benchtop Agilent with 449 nm detector and 5 micron C18 column; and 2) portable PolyLC with 415 nm detector and 3.5 micron C18 column. After validation in the United States, the portable HPLC and chemicals were transported to Tanzania.Results: A calibration curve using hydroxyurea 2-fold dilutions ranging from 0 to 1000 µM was plotted against the hydroxyurea:N-methylurea ratio. In the United States, both HPLC systems yielded calibration curves with R2 &gt; 0.99. Hydroxyurea prepared at known concentrations confirmed accuracy and precision within 10%–20% of the actual values. Both HPLC systems measured hydroxyurea with &lt;10% variance from the prepared concentrations, and paired analysis of samples on both machines documented &lt;15% variance. Serial measurements of 300 and 100 μM concentrations using the PolyLC system were precise with 2.5% coefficient of variance. After transport to Tanzania with setup and training, the modified PolyLC HPLC system produced similar calibration curves with R2 &gt; 0.99.Conclusion: Increasing access to hydroxyurea for people with SCA requires an approach that eases financial and logistical barriers while optimizing safety and benefits, especially in low-resource settings. We successfully modified a portable HPLC instrument to quantify hydroxyurea, validated its precision and accuracy, and confirmed capacity building and knowledge transfer to Tanzania. HPLC measurement of serum hydroxyurea is now feasible in low-resource settings using available laboratory infrastructure. PK-guided dosing of hydroxyurea will be tested prospectively to achieve optimal treatment responses.
Q1291H-CFTR molecular dynamics simulations and ex vivo theratyping in nasal epithelial models and clinical response to elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor in a Q1291H/F508del patient
Authors: Allan Katelin M. , Astore Miro A. , Kardia Egi , Wong Sharon L. , Fawcett Laura K. , Bell Jessica L. , Visser Simone , Chen Po-Chia , Griffith Renate , Jaffe Adam , Sivam Sheila , Vittorio Orazio , Kuyucak Serdar , Waters Shafagh A. 
Published: June 2023

Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by a wide spectrum of mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, with some leading to non-classical clinical presentations. We present an integrated in vivo, in silico and in vitro investigation of an individual with CF carrying the rare Q1291H-CFTR allele and the common F508del allele. At age 56 years, the participant had obstructive lung disease and bronchiectasis, qualifying for Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor (ETI) CFTR modulator treatment due to their F508del allele. Q1291H CFTR incurs a splicing defect, producing both a normally spliced but mutant mRNA isoform and a misspliced isoform with a premature termination codon, causing nonsense mediated decay. The effectiveness of ETI in restoring Q1291H-CFTR is largely unknown.Methods: We collected clinical endpoint measurements, including forced expiratory volume in 1 s percent predicted (FEV1pp) and body mass index (BMI), and examined medical history. In silico simulations of the Q1291H-CFTR were compared to Q1291R, G551D, and wild-type (WT)-CFTR. We quantified relative Q1291H CFTR mRNA isoform abundance in patient-derived nasal epithelial cells. Differentiated pseudostratified airway epithelial cell models at air liquid interface were created and ETI treatment impact on CFTR was assessed by electrophysiology assays and Western blot.Results: The participant ceased ETI treatment after 3 months due to adverse events and no improvement in FEV1pp or BMI. In silico simulations of Q1291H-CFTR identified impairment of ATP binding similar to known gating mutants Q1291R and G551D-CFTR. Q1291H and F508del mRNA transcripts composed 32.91% and 67.09% of total mRNA respectively, indicating 50.94% of Q1291H mRNA was misspliced and degraded. Mature Q1291H-CFTR protein expression was reduced (3.18% ± 0.60% of WT/WT) and remained unchanged with ETI. Baseline CFTR activity was minimal (3.45 ± 0.25 μA/cm2) and not enhanced with ETI (5.73 ± 0.48 μA/cm2), aligning with the individual’s clinical evaluation as a non-responder to ETI.Conclusion: The combination of in silico simulations and in vitro theratyping in patient-derived cell models can effectively assess CFTR modulator efficacy for individuals with non-classical CF manifestations or rare CFTR mutations, guiding personalized treatment strategies and optimizing clinical outcomes.
The time squares sequences: a new task for assessing visuospatial working memory
Authors: Mirino Pierandrea , Mercuri Sara , Pecchinenda Anna , Boccia Maddalena , Di Piero Andrea , Soldani Marta , Guariglia Cecilia 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionSeveral studies have shown that the working memory is sensitive to temporal variations. We used a new visuospatial working memory task, the “Time Squares Sequences,” to investigate whether implicit variations in stimuli presentation time affect task performance.MethodsA total of 50 healthy participants saw two sequences (S1 and S2) of seven white squares presented in a matrix of gray squares and assessed whether S2 matched S1. There were four conditions depending on the spatial position and the presentation time (i.e., timing) of the white squares in S1 and S2: two with the same (S1 fixed/S2 fixed and S1 variable/S2 variable) and two with different (S1 fixed/S2 variable and S1 variable/S2 fixed) presentation times.ResultsFindings showed impaired performance when S1 had a fixed presentation time and S2 had a variable presentation time.ConclusionThese findings are attributed to increased cognitive load due to S2 timing difference, pointing to a monitoring process, sensitive to temporal variations.
Cognitive rehabilitation in paediatric acquired brain injury—A 2-year follow-up of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sargénius Hanna L. , Andersson Stein , Haugen Ingvild , Hypher Ruth , Brandt Anne Elisabeth , Finnanger Torun G. , Rø Torstein B. , Risnes Kari , Stubberud Jan 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundGoal management training (GMT), a metacognitive rehabilitation method that has been demonstrated to improve executive function (EF) in adults with acquired brain injury (ABI), could potentially be effective for children in the chronic phase of ABI. In a previously published randomised controlled trial (RCT), the efficacy of a paediatric adaptation of GMT (pGMT) compared to a psychoeducative control intervention (paediatric Brain Health Workshop, pBHW) was investigated. Comparable improvements in EF in both groups were found at 6-month follow-up. However, a specific effect of pGMT could not be conclusively proven. The present study reports 2-year follow-up data (T4; T1: baseline, T2: post-intervention, T3: 6-month follow-up, and T4: 2-year follow-up) from this original RCT.MethodsA total of 38 children and adolescents and also their parents completed questionnaires tapping into daily life EF. Explorative analyses were conducted comparing the 2-year follow-up data (T4) with the baseline (T1) and 6-month follow-up data (T3) for T4-participants in the two intervention groups (pGMT; n = 21, pBHW; n = 17), and we also assessed T4-participants vs. non-responders (n = 38) in the RCT. Primary outcome measures were the Behavioural Regulation Index (BRI) and the Metacognition Index (MI) derived from the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) parent report.ResultsNo difference between intervention groups was found (BRI, F = 2.25, p = 0.143, MI, F = 1.6, p = 0.213), and no time*group interaction (BRI, F = 0.07, p = 0.976, MI, F = 0.137, p = 0.937) could be seen at the 2-year follow-up. Nevertheless, both pGMT and the pBHW groups improved daily EF as measured by parental reports over time from the baseline to T4 (p = 0.034). T4 participants and non-responders shared similar baseline characteristics.ConclusionOur results extend the findings from the 6-month follow-up previously published. Both pGMT and pBHW groups sustained their improvements in daily life EFs from the baseline, but additional effectiveness of pGMT relative to pBHW was not found.
Feasibility of the Omaha system for the care of children with dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Zhang Qin , Zhang Ai , Wang Yanqin , Lv Tiewei , Sun Ping , Zhao Xiaoxia , Li Rui , Zheng Xianlan 
Published: June 2023

AimTo explore the feasibility of Omaha system theory in the care of children with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), which may provide a practical basis for the continuous nursing of DCM children.MethodsA total of 1,392 records describing symptoms, signs, and nursing interventions were extracted from the medical records of 76 children suffered from DCM. Content analysis method was used to find out existent nursing problems, make precise nursing plans, and take corresponding nursing measurements according to the medical records of DCM children. Cross-mapping method was utilized to compare the conceptual consistency of the medical records and Omaha system (problem classification and intervention subsystems).ResultsOf the total 1,392 records, 1,094 (78.59%) were complete consistency, while 245 (17.60%) were partial consistency, and 53 (3.81%) were inconsistency with the Omaha system concepts. The concept matching degree of medical records and Omaha system was approximately 96.19%.ConclusionsThe Omaha system may be an effective nursing language for Chinese DCM children, which may be useful to guide nurses in the care of DCM. Further well-design studies need to fully evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the Omaha system in nursing children with DCM.
Efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy for recurrent high-grade glioma: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Yanan , Guan Haijing , Yu Kefu , Ji Nan , Zhao Zhigang 
Published: June 2023

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of treatments for patients with recurrent high-grade gliomas.Methods: Electronic databases including Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCT) related to high-grade gliomas. The inclusion of qualified literature and extraction of data were conducted by two independent reviewers. The primary clinical outcome measures of network meta-analysis were overall survival (OS) while progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR) and adverse event of grade 3 or higher were secondary measures.Results: 22 eligible trials were included in the systematic review, involving 3423 patients and 30 treatment regimens. Network meta-analysis included 11 treatments of 10 trials for OS and PFS, 10 treatments of 8 trials for ORR, and 8 treatments of 7 trials for adverse event grade 3 or higher. Regorafenib showed significant benefits in terms of OS in paired comparison with several treatments such as bevacizumab (hazard ratio (HR), 0.39; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.21–0.73), bevacizumab plus carboplatin (HR, 0.33; 95%CI, 0.16–0.68), bevacizumab plus dasatinib (HR, 0.44; 95%CI, 0.21–0.93), bevacizumab plus irinotecan (HR, 0.4; 95%CI, 0.21–0.74), bevacizumab plus lomustine (90 mg/m2) (HR, 0.53; 95%CI, 0.33–0.84), bevacizumab plus lomustine (110 mg/m2) (HR, 0.21; 95%CI, 0.06–0.7), bevacizumab plus vorinostat (HR, 0.42; 95%CI, 0.18–0.99), lomustine (HR, 0.5; 95%CI, 0.33–0.76), and nivolumab (HR, 0.38; 95%CI, 0.19–0.73). For PFS, only the hazard ratio between bevacizumab plus vorinostat and bevacizumab plus lomustine (90 mg/m2) was significant (HR,0.51; 95%CI, 0.27–0.95). Lomustine and nivolumab conferred worse ORR. Safety analysis showed fotemustine as the best and bevacizumab plus temozolomide as the worst.Conclusion: The results suggested that regorafenib and bevacizumab plus lomustine (90 mg/m2) provide improvements in terms of survival but may have poor ORR in patients with recurrent high-grade glioma.
The suppression of the probe laser pumping effect in SERF atomic magnetometer
Authors: Cao Qian , Zhai Yueyang , Huang Binyue , Li Renjie , Li Jiajie 
Published: June 2023

Introduction: A spin exchange relaxation free atomic magnetometer, as an ultra-highly sensitive magnetic field sensor, is limited by the performance of the probe laser system. The probe laser pumping effect (PLPE) hinders the increase in the performance of probe laser system.Methods: This study investigated the PLPE and proposed a method for suppressing the same. Through changes to the angle of a quarter wave plate and the addition of a triangular modulated magnetic field to the alkali atoms, the suppression point was determined.Results and discussion: Further, related parameters were measured for different degree of polarizations of the probe laser, which confirmed that the influence of PLPE on the magnetic field was the least at the suppressed point.
Are “bad” jobs bad for democracy? Precarious work and electoral participation in Europe
Authors: Azzollini Leo , Macmillan Ross 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionWhile socioeconomic inequality in voting has been central for research on electoral participation, recent years have seen radical changes in labor relations. The key issue is increasing prevalence of precarious work, involving dimensions as non-indefinite tenure and limited control over work activities. While occupations traditionally were the locus of political socialization, there is scarce research connecting occupational uncertainty to electoral participation. To fill this void, we develop a framework that connects the multiple dimensions of precarious work to electoral participation.MethodsWe test these ideas using data from 32 countries from the European Social Survey (2008–2018).Results and discussionResults indicate that work precarity is both strongly connected to traditional indicators of SES and has large, independent effects on probability of voting. We corroborate these results with heterogeneity analyses across countries. Findings show how precarious work heightens socio-economic stratification in electoral participation, undermining the universality of the right to vote and the health of democracies.
Trauma-focused treatment for traumatic stress symptoms in unaccompanied refugee minors: a multiple baseline case series
Authors: Van Es Carlijn Maria , Velu Merel E. , Sleijpen Marieke , van der Aa Niels , Boelen Paul A. , Mooren Trudy 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionUnaccompanied refugee minors (URMs) are at increased risk of developing mental health problems, such as symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. In addition, URMs face several barriers to mental health care. Few studies have evaluated trauma-focused interventions for URMs that target these issues. The current study evaluated a multimodal trauma-focused treatment approach for URMs. It aimed to provide an initial indication of the effectiveness of this treatment approach and to provide a qualitative evaluation assessing treatment satisfaction of the participating URMs.MethodsA mixed-methods study was conducted among ten URMs, combining quantitative data with qualitative data through triangulation. Quantitative data were collected using a non-concurrent multiple baseline design in which repeated, weekly assessments were carried out during a randomized baseline period, during treatment, and during a 4-week follow-up period. Questionnaires assessing PTSD (Children’s Revised Impact of Event Scale) and symptoms of depression (The Patient Health Questionnaire-9, modified for adolescents) were used. In addition, treatment satisfaction was measured post-treatment using a semi-structured interview.ResultsDuring the qualitative evaluation, all but one URM noted they found the trauma-focused treatment approach useful and felt the treatment had positively impacted their wellbeing. However, the results of the quantitative evaluation did not show clinically reliable symptom reductions at posttest or follow-up. Implications for clinical practice and research are discussed.DiscussionThe current study presents our search in developing a treatment approach for URMs. It adds to the current knowledge about methodological considerations in evaluating treatments for URMs, the potential effects of trauma-focused treatments on URMs, and the implementation of treatments for URMs.Clinical trial registration: The study was registered in the Netherlands Trial Register (NL8519), 10 April 2020.
Dropout in youth and adult education: a multilevel analysis of students and schools in Chile
Authors: Contreras-Villalobos Tabata , López Verónica , Baleriola Enrique , González Luis 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionSchool dropout is an increasing worldwide phenomenon, marked by inequality and educational exclusion. In Chile, many students who have dropped out of regular schools attempt to reenter youth and adult education (YAE). However, some of them drop out again from YAE.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify and jointly analyze school and individual factors that influence dropout in YAE.MethodsThis secondary multilevel analysis of official datasets from Chile’s Ministry of Education focused on students enrolled in YAE (N = 10,130).ResultsAccording to the findings, YAE dropout can be explained by the individual risk factors of age (19–24 years), low academic achievement, and school-level factors such as number of teachers (raw and student-to-teacher ratio), economic resources, and school management quality.DiscussionWe discuss the need to develop school-level protective factors that build connections, foster student engagement, and ultimately, promote students’ permanence and progress in YAE.