bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of dietary Lactococcus lactis Z‐2 on growth, host health and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)
Authors: Feng Junchang , Yuan Xiao , Liu Shasha , Liu Xiaobei , Cui Wenshan , Feng Shikun , Zhang Jianxin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBACKGROUNDLactococcus lactis Z‐2 was previously isolated from common carp intestine. In order to investigate the effects of optimal dose of L. lactis Z‐2 on growth, host health and disease resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in common carp, five experimental diets, including without (CK and CK+ groups) or with 5 × 107 (group A), 5 × 108 (group B) and 5 × 109 CFU g−1 (group C) L. lactis Z‐2, were evaluated for 8 weeks.RESULTSSupplementation of L. lactis Z‐2 increased final weights, weight gain, specific growth rate, condition factor and muscle crude protein content, while feed conversion ratio, muscle crude lipid and ash contents were lower than in the CK group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, L. lactis Z‐2 also promoted intestinal digestive enzyme (lipase, amylase, protease) activities, improved intestinal morphology and upregulated gene (ZO‐1, Occludin, Claudin) expression of intestinal barrier; stimulated secretion of proinflammatory (IL‐6, IL‐1β, TNF‐α) and anti‐inflammatory cytokines (TGF‐β, IL‐10) in serum; and boosted AKP, ACP, LZM and antioxidant enzyme (T‐AOC, GSH‐Px, T‐SOD, CAT) activities of hepatopancreas (P < 0.05). Among them, the effect of group B was more prominent. After A. hydrophila infection, the CK+ group showed overexpression of immune indicators and decreased antioxidant capacity. Whereas dietary intervention with L. lactis Z‐2 significantly reversed these changes. Moreover, the survival rate was significantly higher (100%) in group B than in the CK+ group (36.36%) after A. hydrophila infection (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONDietary L. lactis Z‐2 improved the growth performance, immune response, antioxidant capacity, intestinal health and disease resistance of juvenile common carp. Ultimately, 5 × 108 CFU g−1 dietary L lactis Z‐2 is recommended for the formulation of feed. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Desert bighorn sheep home range and disease transmission risk responses to temporally dynamic environmental variation
Authors: Wilson‐Henjum Grete , Ricci Lauren , Stoner David C. , Longshore Kathleen , Manlove Kezia R. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPathogens introduced into wildlife populations can cause population declines and pose a threat to conservation. Understanding how pathogens spread through wildlife populations requires information about animal space use across the landscape. The abundance of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) in western North America has declined in response to pathogens introduced concurrently with the expansion of domestic sheep. Wildlife and land management agencies use bighorn sheep seasonal home range models to assess and mitigate pathogen transmission risk among bighorn and domestic sheep populations. Current risk assessment tools assume that seasonal home ranges are annually consistent, but the extent to which deviations from this assumption could render erroneous predictions about pathogen introduction risk has not received extensive attention. To evaluate the influence of temporally variable environmental conditions on pathogen introduction risk, we used locations of desert bighorn sheep (O. c. nelsoni) gathered across 6 populations residing in the Mojave Desert, an environment characterized by high interannual variation in precipitation and forage production. Our objectives were to assess whether seasonal home range sizes varied consistently with temporally varying attributes of the environment and assess the influence of varying environmental attributes on pathogen introduction risk using our model results and the United States Forest Service's Risk of Contact (ROC) tool. Home range sizes varied by sex and season, with higher environmental moisture levels (Palmer drought severity index) associated with larger male home ranges in summer and fall‐winter. Higher spatial variation in primary productivity was associated with smaller male home range sizes in summer but with larger male home range sizes in fall‐winter. Female home ranges were also smaller when variation in primary productivity was high during spring but had no detectable relation with environmental moisture or spatial variation in productivity during the rest of the year. We combined these results with the ROC tool to simulate the influence of varying environmental attributes on pathogen introduction risk. Those simulations suggested that home range expansions associated with above‐average environmental moisture only increased the contact risk between 2 adjacent populations by 0.02%. Consequently, risk forecasts in the Mojave Desert system might be relatively robust to temporally dynamic home range sizes, so long as the environmental attributes driving home range size do not deviate dramatically from historical levels. However, major departures from long‐term trends in environmental variation could lead to more dramatic effects on home range size and subsequent risk and should be reassessed if environmental variation changes substantially in the future.
n‐Dodecane Mechanism With ANN‐Assisted Reduction for CFD Modeling to Predict Formation of Light‐Weight Aromatics and Soot in Diffusion Flames: Comparison With Experimental Data
Authors: Dahiya Anurag , Tao Hairong , Lin Kuang C. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTn‐Dodecane, a key component in diesel and aviation fuel, is commonly used to simulate real‐world diesel and aviation fuels (Jet‐A and Chinese RP‐3). Since existing n‐dodecane kinetic mechanisms may not fully address the complexities of aromatics formation during combustion, this study proposes a mechanism that not only extends the capability of predicting 16 light‐weight aromatics but also provides a compact size with improved accuracy in predicting combustion characteristics. Using a two‐step reduction method involving path flux analysis (PFA) and artificial neural network (ANN) without tuning kinetic parameters, the newly constructed mechanism consisting of 155 species and 827 reactions is coupled with a 2‐D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of a laminar diffusion flame that well reproduces experimentally measured centerline profiles of flame temperature, aromatics and soot volume fraction in combustion of methane doped with n‐dodecane. From the results obtained by CFD, we investigate the effect of n‐dodecane on the spatial distributions of aromatics and reaction pathways, which have not been analyzed in previous literature.
Far‐Reaching Impact of Microplastics on Agricultural Systems: Options for Mitigation and Adaptation
Authors:   Shimly S, Rajendrakumar S. , Rahut Dil Bahadur 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTMicroplastics has emerged as a pervasive pollutant with far‐reaching implications for agriculture. This review paper evaluates existing research on microplastics in agricultural systems, exploring their impacts on land, crop growth, farm animals, and consumer health. Using the PRISMA framework and systematic review process, 811 papers were identified in the initial search, and only 164 papers were used for this study after following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Our study found that high‐density polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride are widely used plastic types in agriculture, followed by polypropylene, polystyrene, and polyethylene terephthalate. This prevalence is likely due to the extensive use of plastics in agriculture systems, such as for mulching, handling harvested products, bags for fertilizers and pesticides, samplings, and seed storage. The study found serious adverse consequences of microplastics on crops, animal health, soil, and consumers. It also highlights the need for comprehensive strategies to mitigate these impacts, by using bioplastics, application of treated water for irrigation, proper disposal of plastics, and following sustainable agricultural practices. Adaptation measures such as soil remediation, different microplastic removal technologies, and policy interventions emerge as a crucial strategy to cope with microplastic pollution. The paper concludes with a call for interdisciplinary research to better understand the complexities of microplastic pollution and to develop sustainable solutions to protect natural ecosystems, agricultural ecosystems, human health, and food security.
Circulating tumor DNA analysis for prediction of prognosis and molecular insights in patients with resectable gastric cancer: results from a prospective study
Authors: Liu Zheng , Shi Zhongyi , Jiang Wenchao , Shen Zhenbin , Chen Weidong , Shen Kuntang , Sun Yihong , Tang Zhaoqing , Wang Xuefei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) level in patients with resectable gastric cancer (GC). A total of 59 patients were prospectively enrolled, with their ctDNA detected and paired tumor tissue collected at various peri‐operative time points. Patients with higher 1‐month post‐operative ctDNA levels demonstrated shorter overall survival status (hazard ratio [HR] = 5.30, p = 0.0022) and a higher risk of recurrence (HR = 3.85, p = 0.011). The model combining ctDNA with conventional serum tumor markers for GC, including carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19‐9, and CA72‐4, shows high predictive effectiveness for GC prognosis with an area under the curve of 0.940 (p = 0.002), which is higher than net ctDNA and other models without ctDNA. Patients with lower ctDNA levels were more likely to have positive stromal programmed cell death ligand 1 expression (p = 0.046). Additionally, DCAF4L2 mutation was identified as the crucial gene mutation in ctDNA suggesting poor prognosis of patients with GC. Overall, this study highlights that post‐operative ctDNA can serve as an effective biomarker for prognostic prediction and recurrence surveillance in resectable GC.
A De Novo Frameshift Variant in SMC1A Causes Non‐Classic Cornelia de Lange Syndrome With Epilepsy: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Yang Ying , Chen Liqing , Wang Zhenzhen , Ding Yaling , Liu Yan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundCornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a multisystem genetic disorder. Although individuals with variants in the SMC1A gene are less commonly seen in CdLS, they exhibit a high incidence of epilepsy and atypical phenotypic variability.MethodsThe clinical data of a patient with non‐classic CdLS and epilepsy caused by an SMC1A variant were summarized. A literature review was conducted to analyze the genotype–phenotype correlations and epilepsy characteristics in related cases.ResultsA 5‐year‐6‐month‐old female patient presented with facial features, double outlet right ventricle (DORV), and recurrent epilepsy. Whole exome sequencing (WES) identified a de novo heterozygous frameshift mutation, c.2890_2893del (p.Ser964Valfs*26), in the SMC1A gene. A review of the literature identified several characteristics of non‐classic CdLS with epilepsy caused by SMC1A variants: the majority of cases were non‐classic (81.5%), predominantly female (68.2%), with a median onset age of 11.5 months. Common features included severe/profound developmental delay (52.6%), hypotonia (18.2%), cardiovascular anomalies (36.4%), and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) (22.7%). Among the non‐classic cases, seizure clusters occurred in 22.7%, status epilepticus in 18.2%, and drug‐resistant epilepsy in 33.3%. Genotypes in non‐classic cases included missense mutations (40.9%), frameshift mutations (31.8%), splice site variants (9.1%), nonsense mutations (9.1%), deletions (4.5%), and truncations (4.5%).ConclusionOur study expanded the phenotypic data and mutational spectrum of non‐classic CdLS with epilepsy caused by SMC1A variants. Compared to individuals with the classic form of CdLS, the non‐classic cases appeared more frequently in females and were associated with a higher prevalence of severe/profound developmental delay and cardiovascular anomalies. In contrast, IUGR was significantly less common in non‐classic individuals. Regarding epilepsy characteristics, some individuals including seizure clusters, status epilepticus, drug resistance, and hypotonia, no significant differences were observed between classic and non‐classic cases. The predominant genotypes in non‐classic cases were missense and frameshift mutations.
RHOBTB2 Variant p.Arg511Gln Causes Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy Type 64 in an Infant: A Case Report and Hotspot Variant Analysis
Authors: Liu Qian , Li Feifei , Ruan Qin , Wang Nana , Fan Zhengjun 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundDevelopmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) are a heterogeneous group of brain disorders. Variants in the Rho‐related BTB domain‐containing 2 gene (RHOBTB2) can lead to DEE64, which is characterized by early‐onset epilepsy, varying degrees of motor developmental delay and intellectual disability, microcephaly, and movement disorders. More than half of the variants are located at Arg483 and Arg511 within the BTB domain; however, the underlying mechanism of action of these hotspot variants remains unexplored.MethodsWe performed whole‐exome and Sanger sequencing on the patient and his parents. We collected recurrent variant information from the literature on RHOBTB2 variants. We used Discovery Studio software to analyze the folding free energy of variant proteins, and the AlphaFold database to analyze structural alterations in mutant proteins.ResultsThe patient presented with early‐onset epilepsy, developmental delay, and brain structural abnormalities. Genetic analysis revealed a de novo variant in RHOBTB2, c.1532G>A, p.(Arg511Gln). To date, 60 cases of DEE patients with RHOBTB2 variants have been reported, with approximately 50% of variants located at Arg483 and Arg511. Among them, p.Arg511Gln, p.Arg483His, and p.Arg511Trp have an incidence rate exceeding 10%. The folding free energy of these high‐frequency variants proteins is reduced, which may lead to increased structural stability.ConclusionThis study highlights the importance of RHOBTB2 hotspot variants in DEE64 and provides insights into their potential mechanisms of action. We recommend RHOBTB2 gene testing for patients with relevant clinical manifestations to facilitate precise diagnosis and treatment of DEE.
Analysis of a Series of 26 Cases With Prenatal Skeletal Dysplasia via Multiplatform Genetic Detection
Authors: Cui Li‐min , Hu Hua‐ying , Zhai Xiao‐mei , Qi Ming‐fei , Liu Yan‐ming , Han Cong‐ying , Zhang Jing , Shen Ming , Xiang Yu‐lan , Chen Wen‐qi , Yang Kai , Zhang Dong‐liang , Xing Huan‐xia 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundSkeletal dysplasia (SD) represents a series of highly heterogeneous congenital genetic diseases affecting the human skeletal system. Refined genetic diagnosis is helpful for the accurate diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of SDs.Materials and MethodsIn this study, we recruited 26 cases of SD and analyzed them with a designed sequential genetic detection. Chromosome karyotyping, microarray analysis (CMA), and whole exome sequencing (WES) techniques are performed as needed. Sanger sequencing and fluorescent quantitative PCR (QF‐PCR) were used as validation methods.ResultsA total of 16 cases (61.5%, 16/26) received positive results at various levels of testing, including one trisomy 18, four copy number variations (CNVs), and 11 sequence variations. Additionally, four novel SD‐related sequence mutations were detected in this study.ConclusionOur findings provide conclusive evidence for genetic counseling of corresponding families and expand the mutation spectrum of SD. In addition, this study demonstrates that a strategy sequentially including various genetic techniques contributes to the diagnosis of highly heterogeneous genetic disorders such as SD.
Predictive Factors of a Dominant Superficial Venous Drainage System in DIEP Flap Surgery With Preoperative Computed Tomography Angiography
Authors: Pozzo Victor , Goutard Marion , Dabi Yohann , Romano Golda , Benjoar Marc‐David , Benjoar Mikhael , Hadji Ilyes , Ng Zhi Yang , Lellouch Alexandre G. , Lantieri Laurent A. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundVenous congestion due to superficial venous system dominance (SVD) in deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap surgery occurs in approximately 2% of cases, with attendant sequelae and increased cost to healthcare systems. This study aimed to describe the predictive factors for SVD in DIEP flap breast reconstruction based on preoperative computed tomography angiography (CTA) findings.MethodsAll women who required takebacks for additional venous anastomosis to the cephalic vein because of SVD after DIEP flap breast reconstruction between 2015 and 2022 were included. Complication‐free DIEP breast reconstruction patients were then randomly selected based on a 1:2 enrollment ratio to form a control group. A retrospective analysis of pre‐operative CTAs was performed for both groups to compare the size and location of the perforators, diameter of the superficial inferior epigastric vein (SIEV), diameter of the deep inferior epigastric vein (DIEV), and flap thickness.ResultsTwenty‐four women were identified in the SVD group; however, only 18 were included in the final analysis. CTA analysis suggested that the ratio between SIEV and DIEV (SIEV/DIEV) diameters was significantly higher in the SVD group than in the controls (0.98 vs. 0.83; p = 0.043). The mean flap thickness was also significantly lower in the SVD group than in the controls (29.4 vs. 36.3 mm; p < 0.001). Perforator characteristics and the SIEV diameter did not differ between the two groups.ConclusionsThe SIEV/DIEV diameter ratio on preoperative CTA can be used to predict whether the DIEP flap has SVD. This may then be used to anticipate whether additional venous anastomosis is required to reduce postoperative complications.
The Equivalent Statements and Operator Expression for a Hilbert‐Type Integral Inequality With a Finite Product Kernel
Authors: Liu Yingdi , Liu Qiong 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBy introducing multiple parameters, employing the weight function method based on the “Hardy interpolation problem” and some real analysis techniques, a general Hilbert‐type integral inequality with the kernel as is established. The necessary and sufficient condition for the constant factor of the general inequality to be the best possible is identified; the equivalent inequality with the best possible constant factor is obtained. A Hilbert‐type singular integral operator is defined and utilized to characterize the obtained Hilbert‐type integral inequality and its equivalent form. As an application, by choosing appropriate parameter values, several specific Hilbert‐type integral inequalities are presented.
Infinity Approximation of Almost Periodic Functions: Stepanov's Approach and Its Utility in Semilinear Delayed Equations on Time Scales
Authors: Arbi Adnène , Tahri Najeh 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis article introduces, for the first time, a novel class of functions that approximate Stepanov almost periodic functions near infinity on time scales . This class includes several previously studied classes in the literature.We then explore a range of important properties of the function space associated with these functions, including completeness and composition theorems, which are crucial for addressing the solvability of certain inhomogeneous linear Cauchy problems and semilinear Cauchy problems with variable delays on . Two illustrative examples will be provided to clarify the practical application of our findings.
Composite spin probes with adjustable oxygen sensitivity for pulse electron paramagnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Canavesi Irene , Viswakarma Navin , Khurana Raman , Epel Boris , Kuppusamy Periannan , Pagel Mark David , Kotecha Mrignayani 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeSolid crystalline spin probes, such as lithium phthalocyanine (LiPc) and lithium octa‐n‐butoxynaphthalocyanine (LiNc‐BuO), allow repeated oxygen measurement using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Due to their short relaxation times, their use for pulse EPR oxygen imaging is limited. In this study, we developed and tested a new class of solid composite spin probes that modified the relaxation rates R1 and R2 of LiPc or LiNc‐BuO probes, which allowed pO2 measurements in the full dynamic (0–760 torr) range.MethodsThe composite probes were developed by embedding LiPc or LiNc‐BuO with bonewax, beeswax, or petroleum jelly. All experiments were performed using a 25‐mT EPR imager, JIVA‐25®. A selected composite probe, LiPc‐BW5 (LiPc + 5‐times bonewax), was tested for its in vivo stability and robustness using oxygen‐enhanced EPR oxygen imaging. As another application, a LiPc‐BW5‐based marker was tested to outline the SCC7 tumor in a C3H mouse.ResultsThe composite probes showed an increased oxygen measurement range compared with unaltered probes. The in vivo experiments with LiPc‐BW5 showed the stability of the probes for repeated oxygen imaging up to 4 weeks of measurements. The in vivo pO2 at the subcutaneous site changed from 26.1 ± 1.9 torr to 118.9 ± 1.9 torr when the breathing gas was changed from 21% O2 to 100% O2. The use of LiPc‐BW5 as a fiducial marker showed its use in outlining the tumor boundaries.ConclusionsWe developed a new class of robust and versatile solid composite probes with adjustable oxygen sensitivity that allows pO2 imaging in the broad dynamic range.
Navigating human‐nature interactions by exploring plural values across ecosystem states
Authors: Zoeller K. C. , Smith G. S. , Coggan A. , Grainger D. , Grigg N. J. , Szetey K. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Supporting biodiversity conservation in an effective and sustainable way requires addressing biodiversity loss while satisfying the dependency of people on nature. Critical to this goal is to understand how the benefits and services delivered by ecosystems influence human values, and how these values can be leveraged to promote equitable economic, social and environmental outcomes. However, these values are challenging to capture in complex social‐ecological systems, particularly when the values are not consistent among different groups of stakeholders.

We examined the values associated with Box Gum Grassy Woodland agro‐ecological systems in Australia, focusing on two key stakeholder groups that influence management decisions: farmers and ecological specialists. Using a state‐and‐transition model as a boundary object, we identified various dimensions of values—instrumental, intrinsic and relational—across four distinct states of the Box Gum Grassy Woodland: Grassy Woodland, Native Pastures, Crops and Sown/Fertilised Pastures and Revegetated Areas.

We found that both groups of stakeholders identified multiple dimensions of values, although the intensity of values (i.e., the total number of values) associated with different states varied significantly—the values of ecological specialist respondents were concentrated in intact Grassy Woodlands, whereas the values of farmer respondents were concentrated in Native Pastures.

These results demonstrate that ecological systems influence the values that are generated in human communities, and these values are likely to result in actions that may promote or diminish the presence of certain values. Characterising values and analysing their distribution between ecosystem states for different groups of stakeholders can offer valuable insights into the dynamics of human‐nature interactions and the values that influence human behaviour which can directly transform nature.

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