bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STABILIZATION OF LATERITIC SOIL SAMPLE FROM IJOKO WITH CEMENT KILN DUST AND LIME
Authors: AKINBULUMA AYODEJI 
Published: September 2023

<p align="center"><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p>When building roads and paved surfaces, a strong foundation is always essential. A durable material that can withstand years of traffic while staying trustworthy must be used to build the foundation. A frequent problem in the construction of roads and pavements is the lack of high-quality, long-lasting materials for the pavement structure (base, subbase, and subgrade). Hence, this study examined stabilization of lateritic soil sample from Ijoko with cement kiln dust and lime. The study adopted the experimental design. Laboratory test were conducted on classification, swelling potential, compaction, California bearing ratio (CBR), unconfined compressive tests, among others were conducted on the laterite sample treated with cement kiln dust (CKD) and lime in incremental order of 2% up to 10% of dry weight soft soil sample. The results of the test showed that the studied soil can be classified as an A-7-6 and CL soil using American Association of State Highway and transport officials (AASHTO) and unified soil classification system (USCS) respectively. The plasticity (PI) of the studied soil reduced from 30.5% to 29.9% at the application of CKD. The maximum dry density on the application of CKD reduced from 1.9.7 mg/m<sup>3</sup> to 1.86mg/m<sup>3</sup> and lime application yielded a reduction from 1.97mg/m<sup>3</sup> to 1.88.mg/m<sup>3</sup>. The swell potential on CKD application was reduced from 0.05 to 0.039%. The study concluded that soil stabilizations are effective and economic way of improving road pavement for engineering benefit.<strong> </strong>The degree of effectiveness of stabilization in pavement construction was found to depend on the type of soil to be stabilized. The study therefore recommended that stabilized soil mixtures should be used to subbase material for flexible pavement since is a suitable.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Key words : </strong><a href="https://www.scirp.org/journal/articles.aspx?searchcode=Lateritic+Soils&amp;searchfield=keyword&amp;page=1&amp;skid=0" target="_blank"><strong>Lateritic Soils</strong></a><strong>, </strong><a href="https://www.scirp.org/journal/articles.aspx?searchcode=+Sand&amp;searchfield=keyword&amp;page=1&amp;skid=0" target="_blank"><strong>Sand</strong></a><strong>, </strong><a href="https://www.scirp.org/journal/articles.aspx?searchcode=+Portland+Cement&amp;searchfield=keyword&amp;page=1&amp;skid=0" target="_blank"><strong> Cement</strong></a><strong>, </strong><a href="https://www.scirp.org/journal/articles.aspx?searchcode=+Stabilization&amp;searchfield=keyword&amp;page=1&amp;skid=0" target="_blank"><strong>Stabilization</strong></a><strong>, </strong><a href="https://www.scirp.org/journal/articles.aspx?searchcode=+Road+Pavement&amp;searchfield=keyword&amp;page=1&amp;skid=0" target="_blank"><strong>Road Pavement</strong></a><strong></strong></p><p> </p><p> </p><p>.</p><strong><br clear="all" /> </strong><p><strong> </strong></p>
Activity Space Assessments to Investigate Neighborhood Exposure to Racism-Related Stress and Related Substance Use Among Young Black Men: Connecticut, 2019
Authors: Taggart Tamara , Ransome Yusuf , Andreou Ashley , Song Insang , Kershaw Trace , Milburn Norweeta 
Published: September 2023

Objectives. To use activity space assessments to investigate neighborhood exposures that may heighten young Black men’s vulnerability to substance use and misuse. Methods. We surveyed young Black men in New Haven, Connecticut in 2019 on the locations (activity spaces) they traveled to in a typical week and their experiences of racism and any alcohol and cannabis use at each location. Results. A total of 112 young Black men (mean age = 23.57 years; SD = 3.20) identified 583 activity spaces. There was significant overlap between racism-related events and substance use (alcohol and cannabis use) at specific locations. Areas with a higher prevalence of violent crime also had a greater frequency of racism-related events and substance use. Conclusions. An activity space approach is a promising method for integrating objective and subjective experiences within neighborhood contexts to better understand the frequency and co-occurrence of racism-related stress and substance use among young Black men. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(S2):S136–S139. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307254 )
Using Modernized Medicaid Data to Advance Evidence-Based Improvements in Maternal Health
Authors: Daw Jamie R. , Auty Samantha G. , Admon Lindsay K. , Gordon Sarah H. 
Published: September 2023

Medicaid is the primary payor for nearly half of all births in the United States and plays a disproportionate role in covering maternity care for low-income people, rural people, and minoritized racial groups. Newly available, modernized Medicaid claims data—the Transformed Medicaid Statistical Information System Analytic Files (TAF)—offer a significant opportunity to conduct novel research that can drive the development of evidence-based programs and policies for Medicaid beneficiaries before, during, and after pregnancy. Yet, the public health research community has so far underused the TAF for maternal health research. We provide an overview of the TAF and how they compare to other major data sets available to study maternal health. We highlight some major limitations of the TAF and offer strategies to maximize the potential of these novel data to accelerate timely, rigorous research to improve maternal health and health equity. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(7):805–810. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307287 )
Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Interpersonal Violence Within Marginalized Communities: Toward a New Prevention Paradigm
Authors: Smith-Clapham Amber M. , Childs Julia E. , Cooley-Strickland Michele , Hampton-Anderson Joya , Novacek Derek M. , Pemberton Jennifer V. , Wyatt Gail E. 
Published: September 2023

During the COVID-19 pandemic, reports of domestic violence across the United States increased from 21% to 35%. Stay-at-home orders, designed to protect the public against the spread of COVID-19, along with heightened societal stressors as a result of the global pandemic, inadvertently increased rates of illicit drug and alcohol use, job loss, and isolation, resulting in increased stress and nonphysical (e.g., psychological, emotional, economic, technological) abuse that often escalated to physical violence. These processes were exacerbated in marginalized communities. These risks were heightened among Black women and Latinas, who experience high rates of domestic violence, long-standing distrust in law enforcement, and compromised self-reporting or anonymous reporting of abuse. We make recommendations for training key stakeholders (e.g., law enforcement, mental health clinicians, and public health care professionals) to facilitate the safety and well-being of domestic violence survivors and to better manage prevention or intervention efforts targeted at domestic violence. We make public health policy suggestions for individuals, communities, and governing structures. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(S2):S149–S156. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307289 )
Examining Smoking Prevalence Disparities in Virginia Counties by Rurality, Appalachian Status, and Social Vulnerability, 2011–2019
Authors: Pilehvari Asal , You Wen , Krukowski Rebecca A. , Little Melissa A. 
Published: September 2023

Objectives. To estimate county-level cigarette smoking prevalence in Virginia and examine cigarette use disparities by rurality, Appalachian status, and county-level social vulnerability. Methods. We used 2011–2019 Virginia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System proprietary data with geographical information to estimate county-level cigarette smoking prevalence using small area estimation. We used the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s social vulnerability index to quantify social vulnerability. We used the 2-sample statistical t test to determine the differences in cigarette smoking prevalence and social vulnerability between counties by rurality and Appalachian status. Results. The absolute difference in smoking prevalence was 6.16 percentage points higher in rural versus urban counties and 7.52 percentage points higher in Appalachian versus non-Appalachian counties in Virginia (P < .001). Adjusting for county characteristics, a higher social vulnerability index is associated with increased cigarette use. Rural Appalachian counties had 7.41% higher cigarette use rates than did urban non-Appalachian areas. Tobacco agriculture and a shortage of health care providers were significantly associated with higher cigarette use prevalence. Conclusions. Rural Appalachia and socially vulnerable counties in Virginia have alarmingly high rates of cigarette use. Implementation of targeted intervention strategies could reduce cigarette use, ultimately reducing tobacco-related health disparities. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(7):811–814. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307298 )
Falling Behind: The Growing Gap in Life Expectancy Between the United States and Other Countries, 1933–2021
Authors: Woolf Steven H. 
Published: September 2023

Objectives. To document the evolution of the US life expectancy disadvantage and regional variation across the US states. Methods. I obtained life expectancy estimates in 2022 from the United Nations, the Human Mortality Database, and the US Mortality Database, and calculated changes in growth rates, US global position (rank), and state-level trends. Results. Increases in US life expectancy slowed from 1950 to 1954 (0.21 years/annum) and 1955 to 1973 (0.10 years/annum), accelerated from 1974 to 1982 (0.34 years/annum), and progressively deteriorated from 1983 to 2009 (0.15 years/annum), 2010 to 2019 (0.06 years/annum), and 2020 to 2021 (–0.97 years/annum). Other countries experienced faster growth in each phase except 1974 to 1982. During 1933 to 2021, 56 countries on 6 continents surpassed US life expectancy. Growth in US life expectancy was slowest in Midwest and South Central states. Conclusions. The US life expectancy disadvantage began in the 1950s and has steadily worsened over the past 4 decades. Dozens of globally diverse countries have outperformed the United States. Causal factors appear to have been concentrated in the Midwest and South. Public Health Implications. Policies that differentiate the United States from other countries and circumstances associated with the Midwest and South may have contributed. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(9):970–980. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307310 )
CRISPR in Public Health: The Health Equity Implications and Role of Community in Gene-Editing Research and Applications
Authors: Subica Andrew M. 
Published: September 2023

CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) is a Nobel Prize–winning technology that holds significant promise for revolutionizing the prevention and treatment of human disease through gene editing. However, CRISPR’s public health implications remain relatively uncertain and underdiscussed because (1) targeting genetic factors alone will have limited influence on population health, and (2) minority populations (racial/ethnic, sexual and gender)—who bear the nation’s greatest health burdens—historically suffer unequal benefits from emerging health care innovations and tools. This article introduces CRISPR and its potential public health benefits (e.g., improving virus surveillance, curing genetic diseases that pose public health problems such as sickle cell anemia) while outlining several major ethical and practical threats to health equity. This includes minorities’ grave underrepresentation in genomics research, which may lead to less effective and accepted CRISPR tools and therapies for these groups, and their anticipated unequal access to these tools and therapies in health care. Informed by the principles of fairness, justice, and equitable access, ensuring gene editing promotes rather than diminishes health equity will require the meaningful centering and engagement of minority patients and populations in gene-editing research using community-based participatory research approaches. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(8):874–882. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307315 )
Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Data Completeness at US Federally Qualified Health Centers, 2020 and 2021
Authors: Liu Michael , King Dana , Mayer Kenneth H. , Grasso Chris , Keuroghlian Alex S. 
Published: September 2023

Objectives. To assess the performance of US federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) after 6 years of required sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) data reporting and update estimated proportions of sexual and gender minorities cared for at FQHCs. Methods. We conducted secondary analyses of data reported to the 2020 and 2021 Uniform Data System from 1297 FQHCs caring for nearly 30 000 000 patients annually. We used multivariable logistic regression to explore FQHC-level and patient-level factors associated with SOGI data completeness. Results. SOGI data were missing for 29.1% and 24.0% of patients, respectively. Among patients with reported SOGI data, 3.5% identified as sexual minorities and 1.5% identified as gender minorities. Southern FQHCs and those caring for more low-income and Black patients were more likely to have above-average SOGI data completeness. Larger FQHCs were more likely to have below-average SOGI data completeness. Conclusions. Substantial increases in SOGI data completeness at FQHCs over 6 years reflect the success of reporting mandates. Future research is needed to identify other patient-level and FQHC-level factors contributing to residual levels of SOGI data missingness. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(8):883–892. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307323 )
Self-Reported Barriers to Care Among Sexual and Gender Minority People With Disabilities: Findings From The PRIDE Study, 2019–2020
Authors: Lamba Shane , Obedin-Maliver Juno , Mayo Jonathan , Flentje Annesa , Lubensky Micah E. , Dastur Zubin , Lunn Mitchell R. 
Published: September 2023

Objectives. To examine the associations of self-reported disability status with health care access barriers for sexual and gender minority (SGM) people.Methods. The Population Research in Identity and Disparities for Equality (PRIDE) Study participants lived in the United States or its territories, completed the 2019 annual questionnaire (n = 4961), and self-reported their disability and health care access experiences, including whether they had a primary care provider, were uninsured, delayed care, and were unable to obtain care. We classified disabilities as physical, mental, intellectual, and other; compared participants to those without disabilities; and performed logistic regression to determine the associations of disability status and health care access barriers.Results. SGM people with disabilities were less likely to have a usual place to seek health care (69.0% vs 75.3%; P ≤ .001) and more often reported being mistreated or disrespected as reasons to delay care (29.0% vs 10.2%; P ≤ .001). SGM people with disabilities were more likely to delay care (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.28; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.83, 3.81) and be unable to obtain care (AOR = 3.10; 95% CI = 2.59, 3.71).Conclusions. Future work should address culturally competent health care to ameliorate disparities for the SGM disability community. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(9):1009–1018. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307333 )
Benefits of Frequent HIV Testing in the THRIVE Demonstration Project: United States, 2015–2020
Authors: Kimball Anne A. , Zhu Weiming , Yu Lei , Tanner Mary R. , Iqbal Kashif , Dominguez Kenneth L. , Shankar Aparna , Drezner Kate , Musgrove Karen , Mayes Eric , Robinson William T. , Schumacher Christina , Delaney Kevin P. , Hoover Karen W. ,   the THRIVE Project Team
Published: September 2023

Objectives. To describe HIV testing among clients in the Targeted Highly Effective Interventions to Reverse the HIV Epidemic (THRIVE) demonstration project and evaluate testing frequency. Methods. We identified factors associated with an average testing frequency of 180 days or less compared with more than 180 days using adjusted Poisson regression models. We performed the Kaplan–Meier survival analysis to compare time to diagnosis by testing frequency. Results. Among 5710 clients with 2 or more tests and no preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) prescription, 42.4% were tested frequently. Black/African American clients were 21% less likely and Hispanic/Latino clients were 18% less likely to be tested frequently than were White clients. Among 71 Black/African American and Hispanic/Latino cisgender men who have sex with men and transgender women with HIV diagnoses, those with frequent testing had a median time to diagnosis of 137 days, with a diagnostic testing yield of 1.5% compared with those tested less frequently, with 559 days and 0.8% yield. Conclusions. HIV testing at least every 6 months resulted in earlier HIV diagnosis and was efficient. Persons in communities with high rates of HIV who are not on PrEP can benefit from frequent testing, and collaborative community approaches may help reduce disparities. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(9):1019–1027. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307341 )
Communities at Risk for Mpox and Stigmatizing Policies: A Randomized Survey, Republic of Korea, 2022
Authors: Choi Yongjin , Fox Ashley M. 
Published: September 2023

Objectives. To estimate the impact of communicating to the public that men who have sex with men (MSM) are most at risk for mpox on potential stigmatization and risk perception. Methods. We conducted a survey experiment randomizing exposure to messages about mpox among a sample of the South Korean public (n = 1500) in July 2022. We randomized respondents to receive an informational message about mpox that was (1) a neutral informational message about mpox that did not highlight its origins or risk groups (control group), (2) a message explaining that the virus originated in Africa, or (3) a message emphasizing that MSM are most at risk. Results. We found that emphasizing that MSM are most at risk increases support for policies that would restrict lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender/-sexual, queer or questioning–related events by about 7 percentage points compared with the control condition. However, the message describing African origins did not affect support for restricting travel from Africa. Neither changed risk perceptions or willingness to be vaccinated against mpox. Conclusions. Messages aimed at educating the public about most at-risk groups may trigger increased stigmatization of those groups in ways that could contribute to unnecessary persecution. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(10):1120–1127. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307347 )
Social and Environmental Stressors of Urban Oil and Gas Facilities in Los Angeles County, California, 2020
Authors: Chan Marissa , Shamasunder Bhavna , Johnston Jill E. 
Published: September 2023

Objectives. To examine patterns of cumulative environmental injustice with respect to operations of urban oil and gas development in Los Angeles County, California. Methods. Using CalEnviroScreen (CES) 4.0, oil and gas data permit records, and US census data, we examined the association between CES score (grouped into equal quintiles, with the lowest representing low cumulative burden) and oil and gas development (presence or absence of an oil and gas production well) within 1 kilometer of a census block centroid. Results. Among census blocks in the highest quintile of CES score, we observed 94% increased odds of being within 1 kilometer of a well compared with census blocks in the lowest quintile of CES score (odds ratio = 1.94; 95% confidence interval = 1.83, 2.10). In our multivariable model, the proportion of Black residents and higher quintiles of CES score were also associated with increased odds of a nearby oil and gas well. Conclusions. These findings suggest that oil and gas facilities are operating in neighborhoods already cumulatively burdened and with higher proportions of Black residents. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(11):1182–1190. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307360 )
Race, Racism, and Drinking Water Contamination Risk From Oil and Gas Wells in Los Angeles County, 2020
Authors: Berberian Alique G. , Rempel Jenny , Depsky Nicholas , Bangia Komal , Wang Sophia , Cushing Lara J. 
Published: September 2023

Objectives. To evaluate the potential for drinking water contamination in Los Angeles (LA) County, California, based on the proximity of supply wells to oil and gas wells, and characterize risk with respect to race/ethnicity and measures of structural racism. Methods. We identified at-risk community water systems (CWSs) as those with supply wells within 1 kilometer of an oil or gas well. We characterized sociodemographics of the populations served by each CWS by using the 2013–2017 American Community Survey. We estimated the degree of redlining in each CWS service area by using 1930s Home Owners’ Loan Corporation security maps, and characterized segregation by using the Index of Concentration at the Extremes. Multivariable regression models estimated associations between these variables and CWS contamination risk. Results. A quarter of LA County CWSs serving more than 7 million residents have supply wells within 1 kilometer of an oil or gas well. Higher percentages of Hispanic, Black, and Asian/Pacific Islander residents and a greater degree of redlining and residential segregation were associated with higher contamination risk. Conclusions. Redlining and segregation predict drinking water contamination risks from oil development in LA County, with people of color at greater risk. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(11):1191–1200. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307374 )
Generation of Bona Fide Fully Integrated Human Post-Implantation Structured Embryo Models (SEM) Derived Ex Utero Solely from Genetically Unmodified Naïve (HENSM) Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Oldak Bernardo , Wildschutz Emilie , Bondarenko Vladyslav , Hanna Jacob H. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this protocol we describe a detailed step-by-step protocol for the derivation of fully integrated human Stem-cell-derived Structured Embryo Models (SEMs) solely form transgene-free genetically unmodified naïve cells expanded in HENSM condition. This 8-day protocol opens the possibility of modeling the architectural organization of all known lineages and compartments of early post-implantation stage human embryos up to day 13-14. The latter bona fide model system allows reconstituting and visualizing structures such as embryonic disc, hypoblast, bilaminar disk formation, epiblast lumenogenesis, polarized amniogenesis, anterior-posterior symmetry breaking, anterior visceral endoderm (AVE) formation, PGC specification, visceral and parietal endoderm as part of yolk sac formation, extra-embryonic mesoderm expansion that defines a chorionic cavity, a connective stalkand secondary yolk-sac (SYS) formation, a trophoblast surrounding compartment demonstrating syncytium formation with intercellular lacunaeand microvilli formation. This intergrated SEM (iSEM) system opens an opportunity to study the second week of human development which due to technical and ethical reasons has been unattainable for the research community.