bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing prediction models when there are systematically missing predictors in individual patient data meta‐analysis
Authors: Seo Michael , Furukawa Toshi A. , Karyotaki Eirini , Efthimiou Orestis 
Published: February 2023

AbstractClinical prediction models are widely used in modern clinical practice. Such models are often developed using individual patient data (IPD) from a single study, but often there are IPD available from multiple studies. This allows using meta‐analytical methods for developing prediction models, increasing power and precision. Different studies, however, often measure different sets of predictors, which may result to systematically missing predictors, that is, when not all studies collect all predictors of interest. This situation poses challenges in model development. We hereby describe various approaches that can be used to develop prediction models for continuous outcomes in such situations. We compare four approaches: a “restrict predictors” approach, where the model is developed using only predictors measured in all studies; a multiple imputation approach that ignores study‐level clustering; a multiple imputation approach that accounts for study‐level clustering; and a new approach that develops a prediction model in each study separately using all predictors reported, and then synthesizes all predictions in a multi‐study ensemble. We explore in simulations the performance of all approaches under various scenarios. We find that imputation methods and our new method outperform the restrict predictors approach. In several scenarios, our method outperformed imputation methods, especially for few studies, when predictor effects were small, and in case of large heterogeneity. We use a real dataset of 12 trials in psychotherapies for depression to illustrate all methods in practice, and we provide code in R.
Proanthocyanins and anthocyanins in chestnut (Castanea mollissima) shell extracts: biotransformation in the simulated gastrointestinal model and interaction with gut microbiota in vitro
Authors: Xie Chenyang , Li Jie , Fang Yihe , Ma Renyi , Dang Zhixiong , Yang Fang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDChestnut (Castanea mollissima) shell is rich in flavonoids and our previous studies showed that proanthocyanins and anthocyanins were the two markedly varied flavonoids in chestnut shell extracts (CSE) during digestion. Here, the biotransformation of proanthocyanins and anthocyanins in a simulated gastrointestinal model, and the interactions between non‐absorption CSE (NACSE) and gut microbiota in vitro, were investigated by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography combined with triple‐quadrupole mass spectrometry and 16S rRNA sequencing.RESULTSChestnut shell was richer in proanthocyanins and anthocyanins, while the loss of proanthocyanins was greater after digestion. Additionally, the content of anthocyanin decreased after gastric digestion but increased after intestinal digestion and remained stable after fermentation. After fermentation, delphinidin‐3‐O‐sambubioside and pelargonidin‐3‐O‐galactoside were newly formed. Furthermore, microbiome profiling indicated that NACSE promoted the proliferation of beneficial bacteria, while inhibiting pathogenic bacteria.CONCLUSIONAll these data suggest that CSE may be a promising candidate to protect gut health. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Significant methane undersaturation during austral summer in the Ross Sea (Southern Ocean)
Authors: Ye Wangwang , Arévalo‐Martínez Damian L. , Li Yuhong , Wen Jianwen , He Hailun , Zhang Jiexia , Liu Jian , Wu Man , Zhan Liyang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMethane (CH4) is a climate‐relevant trace gas that is emitted from the open and coastal oceans in considerable amounts. However, its distribution in remote oceanic areas is largely unknown. To fill this knowledge gap, dissolved CH4 was measured at nine stations at 75°S in the Ross Sea during austral summer in January 2020. CH4 undersaturation (mean: 82 ± 20%) was found throughout the water column. In subsurface waters, the distribution of CH4 mainly resulted from mixing of water masses and in situ consumption, whereas the CH4 concentrations in the surface mixed layer were mainly driven by air–sea exchange and diapycnal diffusion between the surface and subsurface layers, as well as consumption of CH4. With a mean air–sea CH4 flux density of −0.44 ± 0.34 μmol m−2 d−1, the Ross Sea was a substantial sink for atmospheric CH4 during austral summer, which is in contrast with most oceanic regions, which are known sources.
Recent Advances in Biomaterials‐Based Therapies for Alleviation and Regeneration of Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Hu Haijun , Chen Xiping , Zhao Kefei , Zheng Weiwei , Gao Changyou 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI), a major public health problem accompanied with numerous complications, usually leads to serve disability and huge financial burden. The adverse and unfavorable pathological environment triggers a series of secondary injuries, resulting in serious loss of nerve function and huge obstacle of endogenous nerve regeneration. With the advances in adaptive tissue regeneration biomaterials, regulation of detrimental microenvironment to reduce the secondary injury and to promote the neurogenesis becomes possible. The adaptive biomaterials could respond and regulate biochemical, cellular, and physiological events in the secondary injury, including excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, to rebuild circumstances suitable for regeneration. In this review, the development of pathology after TBI is discussed, followed by the introduction of adaptive biomaterials based on various pathological characteristics. The adaptive biomaterials carried with neurotrophic factors and stem cells for TBI treatment are then summarized. Finally, the current drawbacks and future perspective of biomaterials for TBI treatment are suggested.
An efficient application of machine learning for designing user specific transmissive radome
Authors: Singh Jaydeep , Jain Anany S. , Narang Naina , Singh Dharmendra 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFrequency selective surfaces (FSSs) are widely used for transmissive and absorptive radomes in various frequency ranges. Lack of scientific formulation makes it challenging to determine the dimensions of the FSS radomes corresponding to user specific applications. Therefore, we have proposed a novel methology using machine learning technique for determining the physical parameters of FSS by which the challenge faced due to trial and error technique may be minimised. Simulated data set has been used to train the neural network model producing 8.5 million combinations of physical parameters and their electric responses. These combinations are arranged as look‐up table and optimized physical parameters are obtained using error minimization. The methodology has been implemented on a square loop geometry and validated using high frequency structure simulator. A prototype has been fabricated and measured in free space setup. The measured results are in good agreement with the obtained simulated results.
Non‐pharmacological therapies in Fibromyalgia: New horizons for physicians, new hopes for patients
Authors: Majdoub Fatma , Ben Nessib Dorra , Ferjani Hanene Lassoued , Kaffel Dhia , Triki Wafa , Maatallah Kaouther , Hamdi Wafa 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionFibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic musculoskeletal condition characterised by reduced quality of life and severe limitations in daily living activities. Considering the wide spectrum of symptoms and the ineffectiveness of a single pharmacological approach, the latest clinical guidelines recommend non‐pharmacological therapies as both an alternative and a better‐tolerated approach. Several studies have been conducted to determine the effectiveness of non‐pharmacological therapies in the management of FM.AimsThrough a literature review, this paper aims to describe the different complementary therapies and investigate their potential sustainability and effectiveness on FM symptoms in the short and/or long term.MethodsWe searched the PubMed and Google Scholar databases using broad search terms up to June 2022, to identify all types of study designs restricted to human subjects on non‐pharmacological therapies in FM.ResultsRecent evidence demonstrated that physical activity is the mainstay of therapeutic management, highlighting the relevance of walking as the best method of exercise in FM patients. Nevertheless, adherence to physical activity remains fraught with obstacles that could be overcome with a multimodal and multidisciplinary approach involving a wide range of passive therapies. The effectiveness of passive non‐pharmacological therapies remains however unproven in the long term. They can be therefore suggested as ‘adjunct’ or ‘bridge’ therapy to improve adherence to physical activity.ConclusionTo conclude, FM management requires a multimodal and symptom‐based approach, guided by the predominant bothersome symptom on the one hand, and the preferences of each patient on the other hand.
Sleep variability and regularity as contributors to obesity and cardiometabolic health in adolescence
Authors: Morales‐Ghinaglia Natasha , Fernandez‐Mendoza Julio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveAdolescence is a developmental stage of critical changes in sleep and its circadian timing when the contribution of abnormal sleep variability (amount) and sleep regularity (timing) to obesity and its associated adverse cardiometabolic health outcomes appears to increase. The aim of this study was to summarize findings from studies conducted in adolescents examining both sleep variability and regularity in relation to obesity and cardiometabolic health. Gaps in research and potential causal pathways that future studies should examine are highlighted.ResultsNightly deviations in sleep duration and sleep midpoint appear to contribute to the development of obesity and associated adverse cardiometabolic outcomes in youth. Studies show that increased sleep variability and irregularity are associated with obesity, decreased physical activity, dysregulated eating and inadequate diet, metabolic dysfunction, impaired cardiac autonomic balance, and elevated blood pressure in adolescents.ConclusionsA stable circadian timing of sleep is essential to the overall physical well‐being of youth. Emerging evidence supports that sleep variability and circadian misalignment, including sleep irregularity, contribute to adverse obesity‐related health outcomes early on in adolescence. Future studies should focus on the underlying behavioral and biological mechanisms in the causal pathway between day‐to‐day deviations in the amount and timing of sleep and obesity.
Comparison of Primary B/NKT Non‐Hodgkin Lymphomas in Nasopharynx, Nasal Cavity, and Paranasal Sinuses
Authors: Peng Jiajia , Qiu Jianqing , Cheng Danni , Rao Yufang , Mao Minzi , Qiu Ke , Li Junhong , Chen Fei , Liu Feng , Liu Jun , Mu Xiaosong , Yu Wenxin , Zhang Wei , Xu Wei , Zhao Yu , Ren Jianjun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to compare clinical and survival differences between B‐cell (B‐NHL) and NKT‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphomas (NKT‐NHL) located in the nasal cavity (NC), nasopharynx, and paranasal sinuses, which are always categorized as one sinonasal type.Study DesignPatients diagnosed with primary B‐NHL and NKT‐NHL in the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, and paranasal sinuses from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were included (1975‐2017).SettingPopulation‐based cohort study.MethodsWe conducted univariate and multivariate Cox regressions and Kaplan‐Meier analysis to examine survival outcomes of B/NKT‐NHL in the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, and paranasal sinuses, respectively.ResultsOverall, most B‐NHL cases originated from the nasopharynx, while the majority of NKT‐NHL cases occurred in the nasal cavity. Notably, the cancer‐special survival (CSS) outcomes improved significantly in all sinonasal B‐NHL cases over time, whereas no such improvement trend was observed in each sinonasal NKT‐NHL type. Additionally, increasing age was linked with an elevated risk of death in B‐NHL, particularly in the nasal cavity (Hazard ratio [HR]: 3.37), rather than in NKT‐NHL. Compared with B‐NHL, the adverse effect of a higher stage on CSS was more evident in NKT‐NHL, particularly in its nasopharynx site (HR: 5.12). Furthermore, radiotherapy was beneficial for survival in patients with sinonasal B‐NHL and NKT‐NHL, except in the nasopharynx NKT‐NHL. However, chemotherapy has only been beneficial for CSS in patients with paranasal sinuses B‐NHL (HR: 0.42) since 2010, rather than in other types of B/NKT‐NHL.ConclusionAlthough B‐NHL and NKT‐NHL in the nasal cavity, nasopharynx and paranasal sinuses have similar anatomical locations, their clinicodemographics and prognoses are largely different and should be treated and studied as distinct diseases.
Urban secondary students' explanations for the school climate‐achievement association
Authors: Giraldo‐García Regina J. , Fogarty Laura , Sanders Steven , Voight Adam 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis phenomenological qualitative study describes students' experiences and counter‐stories of school climate and how school climate matters for their academic achievement in an urban school district. The study uses a critical race perspective to help understand contextual influences on school climate. Data were collected through eight focus group interviews comprised of students conducted in middle and high schools in a large Midwest urban school district. Themes emerged within each school climate domain: teacher support, teacher expectations, safety, and peer social and emotional competence. The study results describe how students experience and understand school climate—perception of safety in schools with a mix of safe and unsafe home‐community climate—and demonstrate how students acknowledge the relationship between school climate and academic achievement. Urban secondary students are observant of the social‐emotional learning of their peers and maintain awareness of group differences as expressed in their counter‐stories. The findings advanced our understanding of school climate in urban contexts where social‐contextual‐struggles experienced by people of color affect their school experiences. The discussion includes practical implications for educators and administrators and directions for future research.
Investigation of simplified physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic models in rat and human
Authors: Yau Estelle , Olivares‐Morales Andrés , Ogungbenro Kayode , Aarons Leon , Gertz Michael 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWhole‐body physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models have many applications in drug research and development. It is often necessary to inform these models with animal or clinical data, updating model parameters, and making the model more predictive for future applications. This provides an opportunity and a challenge given the large number of parameters of such models. The aim of this work was to propose new mechanistic model structures with reduced complexity allowing for parameter optimization. These models were evaluated for their ability to estimate realistic values for unbound tissue to plasma partition coefficients (Kpu) and simulate observed pharmacokinetic (PK) data. Two approaches are presented: using either established kinetic lumping methods based on tissue time constants (drug‐dependent) or a novel clustering analysis to identify tissues sharing common Kpu values or Kpu scalars based on similarities of tissue composition (drug‐independent). PBPK models derived from these approaches were assessed using PK data of diazepam in rats and humans. Although the clustering analysis produced minor differences in tissue grouping depending on the method used, two larger groups of tissues emerged. One including the kidneys, liver, spleen, gut, heart, and lungs, and another including bone, brain, muscle, and pancreas whereas adipose and skin were generally considered distinct. Overall, a subdivision into four tissue groups appeared most physiologically relevant in terms of tissue composition. Several models were found to have similar abilities to describe diazepam i.v. data as empirical models. Comparability of estimated Kpus to experimental Kpu values for diazepam was one criterion for selecting the appropriate PK model structure.
Right ventricular responses to CPAP therapy in obstructive sleep apnea: CMR analysis of the MOSAIC randomized trial
Authors: Samaranayake Chinthaka B. , Turnbull Christopher , Neubauer Stefan , Kylintireas Ilias , Stradling John , Craig Sonya , McCabe Colm 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEffects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on right ventricular (RV) function in patients with untreated mild‐to‐moderate obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are unclear. In this exploratory analysis of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)‐derived indices of RV function in patients with minimally symptomatic OSA from the MOSAIC randomized control trial we found no effect of CPAP on RV CMR parameters. In those with lower RV ejection fraction and higher RV end‐diastolic volume (EDV) at baseline, CPAP treatment appeared to improve RV function with a significant reduction in both RV EDV and RV end‐systolic volume although between‐group effects were not observed. These data suggest potential merit in a larger randomized study of CPAP in patients with mild‐to‐moderate OSA and a greater breadth of RV dysfunction.
Metabolic study of selective androgen receptor modulator LY2452473 in thoroughbred horses for doping control
Authors: Karatt Tajudheen K. , Sathiq M. Anwar , Laya Saraswathy , Karakka Kal Abdul Khader , Subhahar Michael Benedict , M.P Muhammed Ajeebsanu , Philip Moses , Graiban Fatma Mohammed , Caveney Marina Rodriguez 
Published: February 2023

RationaleSince 2010, there has been an increasing number of adverse analytical findings related to selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) in competitive sports. It emphasizes the importance of comprehensive doping control analytical procedures that are capable of detecting SARM misuse.MethodsIn this study, it is described how LY2452473, a SARM, was metabolized in thoroughbred horses after a single‐dose oral administration and in vitro with equine liver microsome preparations. An investigation of the metabolism of LY2452473 in horses' urine, plasma, and hair matrices was carried out during the study. The plausible structures of the detected metabolites were postulated using high‐performance liquid chromatography‐high resolution mass spectrometry.ResultsUnder the experimental conditions 15 metabolites (12 phase I and three conjugates of phase I) were detected (M1–M15). The major phase I metabolites identified were formed by hydroxylation. Side‐chain dissociated and methylated metabolites were also detected. In phase II, the glucuronic acid and sulfonic acid conjugates of hydroxy LY2452473 were detected as the major metabolites. In vitro analysis has confirmed the presence of all metabolites found in vivo except for the methylated analogs M11 and M12. A peak concentration of LY2452473 (0.5 pg/mg) in proximal hair segments was achieved 4 weeks after administration, according to hair analysis.ConclusionsData obtained will aid in identifying LY2452473 and related substances faster. Furthermore, the results will assist in checking for the illegal use of these substances in competitive sports.
8‐Nitronaphthofuran Fused Urea Derivatives as Potential Antimicrobial Agents: Synthesis, Characterization and Pharmacological Studies
Authors: Shruthi E. , Yallappa S. , Mallikarjuna N. M. , Venkatesh Talavara , Dhananjaya B. L. , Vaidya V. P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUrea and its derivatives are an important class of compounds with diverse chemical and biological properties that are widely used in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and agrochemical industries. The present work focuses on the synthesis of 8‐nitronaphthofuran fused urea‐derivatives (4 a–j) and exploring their potent antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were determined by different physicochemical techniques. The antimicrobial and antioxidant activities are carried out and tested compounds showed considerable activity compared to the standard drugs. To justify the bio‐efficacy of the newly synthesized compounds; the bio‐activity results are compared with the in silico molecular docking study against the target enzyme glucosamine‐fructose‐6‐phosphate aminotransferase and demonstrated effective hydrogen bonding affinity.
Multiplexing Optical Images for Steganography by Single Metasurfaces
Authors: Cao Yue , Tang Lili , Li Jiaqi , Lee Chengkuo , Dong Zheng‐Gao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractImage steganography based on intelligent devices is one of the effective routes for safely and quickly transferring secret information. However, optical image steganography has attracted far less attention than digital one due to the state‐of‐the‐art technology limitations of high‐resolution optical imaging in integrated devices. Optical metasurfaces, composed of ultrathin subwavelength meta‐atoms, are extensively considered for flat optical‐imaging nano‐components with high‐resolutions as competitive candidates for next‐generation miniaturized devices. Here, multiplex imaging metasurfaces composed of single nanorods are proposed under a detailed strategy to realize optical image steganography. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate that an optical steganographic metasurface can simultaneously transfer independent secret image information to two receivers with special keys, without raising suspicions for the general public under the cloak of a cover image. The proposed optical steganographic strategy by metasurfaces can arbitrarily distribute a continuous grayscale image together with a black‐and‐white image in separate channels, implying the distinguishing feature of high‐density information capacity for integration and miniaturization in optical meta‐devices.
High‐Performance Bifunctional Porous Iron‐Rich Phosphide/Nickel Nitride Heterostructures for Alkaline Seawater Splitting
Authors: Ma Wenqi , Li Dongyang , Liao Liling , Zhou Haiqing , Zhang Fangming , Zhou Xuan , Mo Yuxue , Yu Fang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSeawater is the most abundant natural water resource in the world, which is an inexhaustible and low‐cost feedstock for hydrogen production by alkaline water electrolysis. It is appearling to develop robust and stable electrocatalysts for alkaline seawater electrolysis. However, the development of seawater electrolysis is seriously impeded by anodic chloride corrosion and chlorine evolution reaction, and few non‐noble electrocatalysts show prominent catalytic performance and excellent durability. Here, a heterogeneous electrocatalyst constructed by in situ growing highly dispersed iron‐rich bimetallic phosphide nanoparticles on metallic Ni3N (Fe2−2xCo2xP/Ni3N), which exhibits outstanding bifunctional catalytic activities for alkaline seawater splitting, is reported. The optimal (Fe0.74Co0.26)2P/Ni3N and Fe2P/Ni3N electrocatalysts demand only 113 and 212 mV to afford 100 mA cm−2 for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER) in 1 m KOH, respectively, thus substantially expediting overall water/seawater electrolysis at 100 mA cm−2 with 1.592/1.645 V. Particularly, Fe2P/Ni3N displays an unprecedented overpotential of 302 mV at 500 mA cm−2, which represents the best alkaline seawater oxygen evolution activity among the ever‐reported non‐noble electrocatalysts; and thus substantially expedites overall water/seawater splitting at 500 mA cm−2 with 1.701/1.768 V, surpassing most of the reported non‐noble lectrocatalysts. This work provides a new approach for developing high‐performance electrocatalysts for seawater splitting.