bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of textual enhancement on the acquisition of third person possessive pronouns by child EFL learners
Authors: Luquin María , García Mayo María del Pilar 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A key concern in L2 research and pedagogy is how learner attention can be directed to linguistic forms. Research has shown that textual enhancement (TE) facilitates the noticing of targeted L2 features, leading to cognitive processes beneficial for L2 learning. However, very few studies on TE have had children as participants. This longitudinal study investigated the extent to which TE in model texts could have an effect on the development of third person possessive pronouns (his/her) among young EFL learners. The participants, 30 dyads of 11- to 12-year-old Spanish children from three EFL classes, were randomly assigned to a control group (CG), a treatment group (TG) and a long-term treatment group (LTG). The groups were engaged in two four-stage collaborative writing cycles of 3 weeks each separated by four months. The CG, which self-corrected their own texts, was not exposed to TE, the TG was only exposed to it during the two cycles and the LTG benefitted from this technique during the two writing cycles and the period in-between. The findings revealed statistically significant differences between the LTG and the other two groups after a sustained exposure to TE, which seems to be a useful pedagogical tool to facilitate the children’s noticing of third person possessives.
BETAMETHASONE cream to treat diapers rash causing Cushing syndrome
Authors: Ali Tooba , Habib Ashna , Zohair Muhammad , Aman Lubna 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective
Betamethasone causing iatrogenic Cushing’s syndrome (CS) in infants are rarely reported.

Case Presentation
∗ In this case report, there were severe signs of CS, such as considerable weight acceleration and concurrent height deceleration, hirsutism and ecchymosis of the face, and buffalo pad, which are often found in adults. ∗ Clobetasol propionate, diflucortolone valerate, and dexamethasone nasal sprays were used in the majority of previously reported cases of corticosteroid abuse, whereas this is the first case of CS in an infant as a result of the use of betamethasone cream, also known as betnesol, which is frequently used by mothers in developing countries as a treatment for rashes. ∗ In this instance, a severe medication interaction caused by systemic betamethasone cream buildup led to the creation of CS. For the professionals, these patients are a challenge because of drug use without prescription.

Conclusion
Topical corticosteroid usage puts infants at risk for CS. Because of excessive betamethasone treatment in this child with diaper dermatitis, he acquired CS. It is said to draw attention to the risks of self-medication in developing nations.
Association of osteoporosis and skeletal muscle loss with serum type I collagen carboxyl-terminal peptide β glypeptide: A cross-sectional study in elder Chinese population
Authors: Chen Lingyan , Wu Jiayu , Ren Weiying , Li Xi , Luo Man , Hu Yu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Type I collagen carboxyl-terminal peptide β (β-CTX) increases in osteoporosis. The study aimed to explore the relationship between serum β-CTX and the risk of osteoporosis as well as sarcopenia in Chinese elderly inpatients. Around 228 patients whose age >65 years were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Dual-energy X-ray scanning was used to access skeletal muscle and bone mass. Serum concentration of β-CTX as well as the prevalence of osteoporosis were significantly higher in low skeletal muscle index (SMI) group than that in the normal SMI group (P < 0.05). Serum β-CTX levels negatively correlated with SMI and bone mass (P < 0.05). Total muscle mass, appendicular skeletal muscle mass, SMI, total bone mass, and bone mass at various sites including the limbs, spine, and pelvis decreased significantly, and the prevalence of low SMI increased with the increase of the quartiles of β-CTX. Higher serum β-CTX had an increased risk of low SMI and osteoporosis (P < 0.05). Summarily, with increasing serum β-CTX levels, both muscle and bone mass decreased in Chinese elderly inpatients. Serum β-CTX was positively associated with the risk of not only osteoporosis but also skeletal muscle loss.
The crystal structure of the cocrystal di-μ
2-chlorido-tetramethyl-tetraphenyl-di-μ
3-oxido-dichloridotetratin(IV) – diphenyl-methyl-chloridotin(IV)(1/2), C54H58Cl6O2Sn6
Authors: Xiao Beibei , Xiang Niping , Yu Jiangxi , Wang Chengyong , Liu Bang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
C54H58Cl6O2Sn6, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.5793(13) Å, b = 26.161(4) Å, c = 13.1326(18) Å, β = 109.124(2)°, V = 3109.5(7) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0337, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0763, T = 296 (2) K.
Exploring alkali metal cation⋯hydrogen interaction in the formation half sandwich complexes with cycloalkanes: a DFT approach
Authors: Saha Bapan , Bhattacharyya Pradip Kumar 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Gas and solvent phase stability of half sandwich complexes between cycloalkanes viz. cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane and adamantane with alkali metal cations (Li+, Na+ and K+) are analysed using density functional theory (DFT). M06-2X/6-31++G(d,p) level is primarily used for the study. The studied half sandwich complexes are stable in gas phase (stabilization energy upto 26.55 kcal mol−1). Presence of solvent phase irrespective of its dielectric, imparts negative impact on the stability of the chosen complexes. The formation of the complexes is exothermic in nature. The process of complexation is both enthalpy (ΔH) and free energy (ΔG) driven. Variation in HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) energy also indicates towards the chemical stability of complexes. The interaction is non-covalent with primary contribution from induction component. NBO analysis indicates that C–H bond is the donor and antibonding metal orbital is the acceptor site in the process of complexation. Stability of the complexes depends on the size of the interacting monomers.
Assessment of the United Nations Good Offices for Conflict Resolution in Yemen
Authors: Al-Tamimi Adeb Abdulelah Abdulwahid , Venkatesha Uddagatti 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe current study examines the United Nations Good Offices and their ability to enhance stability and peace in Yemen where political and socioeconomic strife is existing. It highlights the constant efforts done by the United Nations for achieving peace since the outbreak of the Youth Revolution (Arabic spring) in 2011 and how these efforts attempt to stop the war and fulfill peace in the context of the Yemeni conflict. This study adopts both exploratory and empirical methods to shed light on the roles of the good offices of the UN for conflict resolution in Yemen, testing the multiple regressions between the good offices and resolving conflict in Yemen, as well as, analyzing why these efforts have failed to overcome this chaos. The study shows the positive impact of the good offices on stopping war and controlling conflict in Yemen through the UNSC resolutions which have a high influence among other efforts. Therefore, it is discovered in this article that the UN Good Offices have failed to accomplish their primary objectives of attaining peace and ending the continuous war because of some obstruction within the UN itself.
Electrochemical extraction of the fission element samarium from tin electrodes and its kinetic analysis in an electrolytic refining process in LiCl-KCl molten salts
Authors: Shen Yubo , Wang Zhaoyang , Liu Yuhui , Dong Zhimin , Yu Fengtao , Quan Meiyang , Zhang Zhibin , Liu Yunhai , Wang Yingcai 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The key fragment element samarium (Sm) has a large neutron absorption cross section, which can hinder the absorption of neutrons by uranium and negatively affect the nuclear reaction. In order to realize the nuclear fuel cycle, the extraction of Sm was studied on the basis of electrolytic refining after the dry process. The electrochemical properties of SmCl3 and SnCl2 in LiCl-KCl molten system were systematically investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), and open circuit potential (OCP). The diffusion coefficients of the Sn(II) and Sm(III) electrode processes were calculated to be 3.55–5.93 × 10−5 and 2.33–3.97 × 10−5 cm2 s−1, respectively. The co-reduction of Sm(III) and Sn(II) ions was studied. Sm was recycled by constant current electrolysis on the liquid Sn electrode, and the average extraction rate was about 94.23%. The samples were characterized and analyzed by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM), and the results showed that Sm extraction from liquid tin is feasible.
Degradation Mechanism of Ultra High-Performance Concrete under Coupling Erosion of Salt and Frost
Authors: Lu Zhe , Feng Zhen-gang , Yao Dongdong , Li Yingyong , Xu Jun , Li Xinjun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
With the use of ultra high-performance concrete (UHPC) in frozen areas, UHPC structures suffer from severe erosion under the interaction of salt ions and frost, resulting in significant performance degradation of UHPC structures. However, the performance degradation mechanism of different compositions and structures of UHPC under the coupling erosion of salt and frost is still unclear at present. In order to study the degraded behavior and mechanism of UHPC under the coupling erosion of salt and frost, various UHPCs were prepared and exposed to freeze–thaw (F-T) cycles and salt–freeze–thaw (S-F-T) cycles. The mass and compressive strength of the UHPCs before and after the F-T and S-F-T tests were compared to evaluate the performance degradation of UHPCs. The SPSS software correlation method, scanning electron microscope, and mercury intrusion porosimetry tests were used to analyze the mechanism of the coupling erosion of salt and frost on the UHPCs. Results indicate that UHPC with a lower water–binder ratio (WBR) and higher superplasticizer content exhibits better resistance to the coupling erosion of salt and frost. The resistance of UHPC to the coupling erosion of salt and frost will decline with the rise of WBR, and the WBR is the most significant factor affecting the coupling erosion of salt and frost for UHPC. The coupling of salt and frost decreases the compressive strength and leads to cracking of UHPC, which can be ascribed to the larger average pore size and higher cumulative pore volume caused by the salt ions. The hygroscopicity of salt ions increases the moisture in pores, and salt crystallization generates pressure in the pores, further aggravating the damage of UHPC.
Youth Suicide During the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bridge Jeffrey A. , Ruch Donna A. , Sheftall Arielle H. , Hahm Hyeouk Chris , O’Keefe Victoria M. , Fontanella Cynthia A. , Brock Guy , Campo John V. , Horowitz Lisa M. 
Published: February 2023

OBJECTIVE
To identify potential differential changes in youth suicide deaths associated with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic to better inform suicide prevention strategies.

METHODS
This cross-sectional study analyzed national suicide data for US youth aged 5 to 24 years from 2015 to 2020. Annual and monthly numbers of suicides were extracted overall and by sex, age, race and ethnicity, and method. Expected suicides were modeled from the trend in monthly deaths before COVID-19 (January 1, 2015–February 29, 2020), by using interrupted time-series analyses with quasi-Poisson regression. Rate ratios (RR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to compare expected and observed suicides during the first 10 months of COVID-19 (March 1, 2020–December 31, 2020).

RESULTS
Among 5568 identified youth suicides during the 2020 pandemic, 4408 (79.2%) were male, 1009 (18.1%) Hispanic, 170 (3.3%) non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native, 262 (4.7%) Asian/Pacific Islander, 801 (14.4%) Black, and 3321 (59.6%) white. There was a significant increase in overall observed versus expected youth suicides during the COVID-19 pandemic (RR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01–1.07), equivalent to an estimated 212 excess deaths. Demographic subgroups including males (RR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.02–1.08), youth aged 5 to 12 years (RR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.03–1.41) and 18 to 24 years (RR =1.05, 95% CI = 1.02–1.08), non-Hispanic AI/AN youth (RR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.03–1.39), Black youth (RR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.12–1.29), and youth who died by firearms (RR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.10–1.19) experienced significantly more suicides than expected.

CONCLUSIONS
Suicide deaths among US youth increased during COVID-19, with substantial variation by sex, age, race and ethnicity, and suicide method. Suicide prevention strategies must be tailored to better address disparities in youth suicide risk.
MORAL VALUE IN THE PATRIOT MOVIE AND RELATION WITH 18th CENTURY
Authors: Ramdhan Muhammad , Sudjatnika Tenny , Assiddiqi Hasbi 
Published: February 2023

Movie is one of the media that has a significant impact on the dissemination of information and the transmission of messages to readers or the general public. This study aimed to discover moral value in "The Patriot" movie. This study aimed to discover how moral principles in the movie compare to those in the 18th century. This study also used a qualitative approach to acquire subjective evaluations by utilizing data sources, data collection techniques, data analysis techniques, and time and location. The primary data source was the movie "The Patriot," while secondary sources included the literature on moral issues, particularly the negative repercussions of the industrial revolution. According to the study, the movie "The Patriot" upholds moral principles such as respect, responsibility, fairness, tolerance, wisdom, helping one another, compassion, cooperation, courage, and self-assurance. The investigation came to the conclusion that there was a connection between the moral principles in the film The Patriot and the social circumstances of 18th-century British society. Keywords: social condition, moral values, movie
FLOUTING MAXIM IN EMMA WATSON’S “BEING 30 AND HAPPILY SINGLE” BRITISH VOGUE INTERVIEW
Authors: Rahayu Yulia , Kustanti Dewi , Fauzi Erfan Muhammad 
Published: February 2023

This study was done to find out more about how a person talks. Conversations between two or more people are usually inseparable from mistakes, uncooperative actions and often exceed expectations. Therefore, an observation in an interview between Paris Lee and Emma Watson is intended to examine the flouting maxim in the speeches made. This research uses qualitative methods with Grice’s supporting theories cooperative principle and flouting maxim. Several data are included in the flouting maxim, namely four data flouting maxim of quantity, three data flouting maxim of quality, four data flouting maxim of manner, and two data flouting maxim relation. From the data analysis, it can be known that the flouting maxim arises when one of the participants, Watson and Paris, insert implied meaning into their speech until they were not cooperative during the interview. Keywords: flouting maxim, cooperative principle, utterance, conversation, interview
Verdad, justicia, paz y reparación en la mitología penal. A propósito de la ley 975 de 2005
Authors: González Zapata Julio 
Published: February 2023

Con la mirada puesta en la ley 975 de 2005, conocida públicamente como “de justicia y paz”, el autor pretende mostrar cómo los sistemas penales son instrumentos inadecuados para realizar valores como la verdad, la justicia, la reparación y la paz. Adicionalmente, el autor arguye que el país ha entrado en un proceso de soberanía tomada que le impide, con autonomía e imaginación, enfrentarse a sus problemas y buscarles una solución a la medida de sus posibilidades, sus realidades y sus expectativas. La reflexión busca llamar la atención sobre la manera como opositores y defensores de la ley arrastran en sus argumentaciones una serie de prejuicios y de ilusiones que enrarecen el debate, alimentan viejos mitos y trastocan, o peor aun, afirman plenamente algunas imágenes en una opinión pública sedienta de fórmulas mágicas y soluciones rápidas. En un primer apartado se señalan cuáles son las características del sistema penal; seguidamente se alude a las posibilidades de un sistema penal para conseguir la verdad, la justicia, la reparación y la paz; y finalmente, se presentan algunas consideraciones sobre el papel de la comunidad internacional en los problemas que tienen que ver con la ley en cuestión y de algunos hitos que, bajo el amparo o a la sombra de aquella comunidad, ha tenido el tratamiento del delito político en Colombia.
Crisis de la representación política
Authors: Giraldo Jiménez Fabio Humberto 
Published: February 2023

Se alude con insistencia al agotamiento de la democracia representativa como sistema político, a la crisis de los partidos políticos como uno de los mecanismos en que se sustenta y, también a la crisis de la teoría de la representación que ha sido su matriz filosófica. Extremando el diagnostico del agotamiento de la teoría de la representación, entendida como gobierno de unos que representa a todos, se propone como alternativa su contraria: la teoría de la democracia directa, concebida como gobierno directo de todos. Entre estos extremos se puede buscar un punto de encuentro, de hecho, por la fuerza de las circunstancias políticas nombradas antes y por la aparición de movimientos políticos y sociales de nuevas y diversas alternativas, es cada vez mas imperioso encontrar lo que de la teoría de la representación es rescatable y aquello que de la democracia directa es factible. Porque si bien es cierto que la una contiene limitaciones y ha sido degenerada en las prácticas, también es cierto que la otra no es, en su formulación ideal, razonablemente realizable en sociedades tan complejas como las actuales, y cuando se le ha invocado para justificas regímenes políticos concretos ha terminado por avalar extremismos antidemocráticos. La idea de que unos pocos representen a todos, y la otra según la cual la voz de todos es la voz de Dios, es decir, la tiranía de la minoría y la tiranía de la mayoría, no forman parte de los valores que se buscan con el ideal de la democracia. Por ello, en este artículo me propongo examinar, luego de un análisis comparativo, las paradojas y las contradicciones a las que puede conducir, y de hecho ha conducido, la recurrencia a los extremos. Pero he de reconocer que estas anotaciones teóricas sobre el problema no son más que mi interpretación con base en una obra hermosa y sugestiva de Norberto Bobbio: El Futuro de la Democracia.
La democracia constitucional: entre la libertad y la igualdad
Authors: García Villegas Mauricio 
Published: February 2023

El concepto de democracia constitucional no puede ser comprendido a cabalidad por fuera de los acontecimientos históricos que le han dado entidad y configuración. La experiencia política ha tenido aquí un papel determinante y su importancia se ha hecho cada vez más palmaria con el paso del tiempo y el avatar de los acontecimientos. En este estudio se verá como la democracia constitucional ha nacido de la dialéctica, entre el pensamiento y la experiencia, entre el idealismo racionalismo y el pragmatismo empírico. Se mostrara de qué manera, razón y pasión se combinan en una síntesis que nunca se libera de las tensiones propias de los elementos que la componen.
La pérdida de los derechos, del significado de la experiencia y de la inserción social. A propósito de los desplazados en Colombia
Authors: Pécaut Daniel 
Published: February 2023

El autor se refiere al fenómeno del desplazamiento forzado en Colombia, teniendo como referente la experiencia histórica de la violencia en el país. En este esfuerzo de comprensión, muestra algunas de las rupturas y continuidades con respecto a la Violencia. Así mismo, retomando a Hannah Arendt, indica algunas implicaciones del desplazamiento sobre la sociedad y los individuos tales como la perdida de la inserción, del significado de la experiencia y de los derechos. Aborda la negación de la ciudadanía y el surgimiento de nuevas lógicas de protección así como el aislamiento a que son sometidos los desplazados en los espacios urbanos.
Las soberanías en disputa: ¿conflícto de identidades o de derechos?
Authors: Uribe de Hincapié María Teresa 
Published: February 2023

El artículo explora la compleja relación entre guerra y nación en Colombia, a partir de tres aspectos: el primero muestra como el conflicto armado ha permitido la conformación de varios órdenes políticos alternativos con pretensiones soberanas, generando, al mismo tiempo, formas embrionarias de representación de intereses colectivos. El segundo expone que estos ordenes alternativos están vertebrados en torno a la guerra, la cual define e integra territorios y regiones, establece patrones de poblamiento, urbanización y movilidad social, provee identidades y diferencias, así como incide sobre la memoria y los imaginarios colectivos. El tercero discute si esta pluralidad de órdenes representan proyectos políticos excluyentes, portadores de identidades sustantivas e inmodificables con éticas y valores irreconciliables, o si por el contrario existe una urdimbre común a todos estos órdenes generada por las dinámicas de la guerra.
La democracia como cooperación reflexiva. John Dewey y la teoría de la democracia del presente
Authors: Honneth Axel 
Published: February 2023

El autor presenta los modelos republicanos y procedimentalistas de la democracia para contrastarlos con el modelo de cooperación reflexiva de Jhon Dewey. Presenta, en primer lugar, la teoría de la democracia del joven Dewey en la que se empieza a perfilar la idea del origen de la esfera de la cooperación social. En un segundo momento muestra como Dewey, siguiendo sus trabajos epistemológicos, llega a aquella concepción procedimental de la opinión pública democrática. Finalmente, introduce la concepción de Dewey en el debate actual, demostrando que su modelo no es solo una alternativa más sino superior al republicanismo y al procedimentalismo.
Populismo imposible y violencia: el caso colombiano
Authors: Pécaut Daniel 
Published: February 2023

El artículo presenta una visión del fenómeno populista en Colombia, y destaca, entre sus características particulares, su escasa duración, su poca capacidad para lograr una autonomía en relación con los partidos políticos y su simultaneidad con fenómenos de violencia política. En una primera parte, el artículo muestra los factores históricos que pudieron contribuir al bloqueo de movilizaciones populistas. Luego se aproxima al gaitanismo y al rojas-pinillismo como las principales experiencias de populismo en Colombia, y al análisis de su relación con la violencia. Finalmente estudia la posibilidad de considerar en el voto de opinión una posible muestra de neopopulismo en Colombia.
Descentralización política y terceras fuerzas en Colombia. El sistema de partidos en el ámbito regional, 1988-2000
Authors: Guzmán Mendoza Carlos Enrique 
Published: February 2023

El artículo pretende mostrar que los incentivos producidos por los cambios políticos en el régimen colombiano contribuyen a la reconfiguración de subsistemas regionales de partidos, pero que, sin embargo, al tiempo que motivan la aparición de terceras fuerzas también relegitiman el bipartidismo en los ámbitos regionales, como consecuencia de los efectos mecánicos que sobre el sistema de partidos produce el régimen electoral. Para ello, se analizan los resultados electorales de los comicios para Asamblea Departamental celebrados en 1988, 1994 y 2000. Igualmente, se agrupan las terceras fuerzas en cuatro categorías que facilitan su tratamiento. Por último, se muestra como dimensión del sistema de partidos, el formato numérico de los subsistemas regionales de partidos, así como el índice de fraccionalización tanto electoral como parlamentario.