bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indian Railways: enhancing northeast connectivity with Half-Y connection
Authors: Kishore Sanjeev , Srivastava Vandana 
Published: August 2023

Research methodology
The case has been developed as an illustrative case study using primary data. The data and images used for developing the case have been collected from the Alipurduar Division of Indian Railways with suitable permissions. The specific newspaper studies used in developing the case content have been referenced as footnotes on the relevant pages of the case study document.

Case overview/synopsis
Train operations in Alipurduar Division of Northeast Frontier Railway zone of Indian Railways are difficult. The division provides the vital rail link between the northeast states and the rest of India. Railway lines in the Alipurduar Division pass through several forests with a significant elephant population. As an outcome of train–elephant conflicts, train operations on one of the railway lines operate under severe speed restrictions. Moreover, the region is known for heavy rainfall and thunderstorms for almost six months every year. For the Divisional Railway Manager (DRM), the protagonist of the case, this implied repeated congestion, traffic disruptions, inadvertent delays and lack of time for critical maintenance of the tracks. A solution was planned several years ago for creating an alternative path to de-congest the traffic; however, it ran into a roadblock due to land acquisition issues.With all these limitations, could a solution be found and implemented? How could it be executed?The case illustrates how a simple yet innovative solution was proposed by the DRM in 2015 and implemented in 2016.With this case, students will be able to understand the innovation process that is embedded within long-term infrastructure projects. The case will help students understand how innovation can take place even in the later stages of project implementation, and how simple and creative solutions can have a long-term impact.

Complexity academic level
The case can be used in graduate and executive education courses in General Management and in Public Policy Management. It can also be used in Doctoral-Level Programmes such as those taught to scholars pursuing Fellow Programme in Management. Since the case brings out elements of problem framing and critical thinking, the case can be used for courses in strategic management. Many professionals, particularly those working in large organizations dealing with large infrastructure projects, will identify with the DRM and the challenges faced by him.
Expanding Pseudomonas taiwanensis VLB120's acyl‐CoA portfolio: Propionate production in mineral salt medium
Authors: Neves Dário , Meinen Daniel , Alter Tobias B. , Blank Lars M. , Ebert Birgitta E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAs one of the main precursors, acetyl‐CoA leads to the predominant production of even‐chain products. From an industrial biotechnology perspective, extending the acyl‐CoA portfolio of a cell factory is vital to producing industrial relevant odd‐chain alcohols, acids, ketones and polyketides. The bioproduction of odd‐chain molecules can be facilitated by incorporating propionyl‐CoA into the metabolic network. The shortest pathway for propionyl‐CoA production, which relies on succinyl‐CoA catabolism encoded by the sleeping beauty mutase operon, was evaluated in Pseudomonas taiwanensis VLB120. A single genomic copy of the sleeping beauty mutase genes scpA, argK and scpB combined with the deletion of the methylcitrate synthase PVLB_08385 was sufficient to observe propionyl‐CoA accumulation in this Pseudomonas. The chassis' capability for odd‐chain product synthesis was assessed by expressing an acyl‐CoA hydrolase, which enabled propionate synthesis. Three fed‐batch strategies during bioreactor fermentations were benchmarked for propionate production, in which a maximal propionate titre of 2.8 g L−1 was achieved. Considering that the fermentations were carried out in mineral salt medium under aerobic conditions and that a single genome copy drove propionyl‐CoA production, this result highlights the potential of Pseudomonas to produce propionyl‐CoA derived, odd‐chain products.
Monocyte‐to‐lymphocyte, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte and neutrophil‐to‐monocyte plus lymphocyte ratios in children with active tuberculosis: A multicentre study
Authors: Cursi Laura , Lancella Laura , Mariani Francesco , Martino Laura , Leccese Bianca , Di Giuseppe Martina , Venuti Francesco , Cristina Russo , Gentile Leonarda , Sali Michela , Delogu Giovanni , Valentini Piero , Buonsenso Danilo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimHigher number of monocytes and neutrophils may correlate with active tuberculosis (TB) in children. However, the few paediatric studies available are limited by the small numbers of children with TB disease or infection included.MethodsWe calculated the monocyte‐to‐lymphocyte‐ratio (MLR), neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte‐ratio (NLR) and neutrophil‐to‐monocyte‐plus‐lymphocyte‐ratio (NMLR) in children with active TB, latent TB infection (LTBI), other infectious and non‐infectious conditions and healthy children evaluated in two referral centres in Rome.ResultsOverall, 649 children were included (41.8% females, mean age of 5.74 years). MLR, NLR and NMLR values were always significantly higher in patients with TB compared with the other groups (p < 0.001). Considering the entire population with the outcome of TB diagnosis, NMLR, with a cut‐off of 1.2, had a sensitivity of 63% and a specificity of 76% (AUC: 0.71 [0.64–0.78]); NLR, with a cut‐off of 1.5, had a sensitivity of 61% and a specificity of 79% (AUC: 0.72 [0.65–0.79]); MLR, considering a cut‐off of 0.2, was less sensitive (56%) but more specific (82%) with a similar AUC (0.72 [0.65–0.79]).ConclusionOur study provides further evidence that MLR, NLR and NMLR can serve as first level diagnostics to support the clinical suspicion of TB in children.
GPU‐Accelerated LOD Generation for Point Clouds
Authors: Schütz Markus , Kerbl Bernhard , Klaus Philip , Wimmer Michael 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAbout: We introduce a GPU‐accelerated LOD construction process that creates a hybrid voxel‐point‐based variation of the widely used layered point cloud (LPC) structure for LOD rendering and streaming. The massive performance improvements provided by the GPU allow us to improve the quality of lower LODs via color filtering while still increasing construction speed compared to the non‐filtered, CPU‐based state of the art.Background: LOD structures are required to render hundreds of millions to trillions of points, but constructing them takes time.Results: LOD structures suitable for rendering and streaming are constructed at rates of about 1 billion points per second (with color filtering) to 4 billion points per second (sample‐picking/random sampling, state of the art) on an RTX 3090 – an improvement of a factor of 80 to 400 times over the CPU‐based state of the art (12 million points per second). Due to being in‐core, model sizes are limited to about 500 million points per 24GB memory.Discussion: Our method currently focuses on maximizing in‐core construction speed on the GPU. Issues such as out‐of‐core construction of arbitrarily large data sets are not addressed, but we expect it to be suitable as a component of bottom‐up out‐of‐core LOD construction schemes.
Governance mechanisms, accounting regulation, and corporate disclosure in the aftermath of Covid‐19: Novel research questions and methodological opportunities
Authors: Bonacchi Massimiliano , Botosan Christine A. , Nanda Dhananjay , Pugliese Amedeo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractResearch IssueIn this commentary, we sought to highlight research opportunities in terms of how governance mechanisms, accounting regulation, and corporate disclosure were affected by Covid‐19 (C19) and shaped the economic landscape in the post‐C19 period.Research InsightsThe outbreak of the C19 triggered significant researchers' interests in the fields of business and economics for two main reasons: first, to the economic and social consequences of the crisis, and the impact of various policy interventions enacted by governments and supra‐national institutions worldwide and, second, the availability of microdata on the spread of the pandemic and vaccines, complemented economic and financial data to assess the effects of policy interventions in curtailing the crisis.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsWe envision two potential avenues for further study: first, research on the impact of C19 and policy interventions in areas of interest, and, second, using the C19 disruption as a “laboratory” to unravel research questions on how various characteristics of firms, governments, and regulatory bodies affect the response to systemic crises, assuming that pre‐existing characteristics are not related to the crisis event.Policy ImplicationsRelevant and rigorous research on the effects of C19 and the policy interventions is likely to be informative to governments, financial regulators, and supra‐national institutions facing future instances of systemic crisis.
In vitro induction of hair follicle signatures using human dermal papilla cells encapsulated in fibrin microgels
Authors: Quílez Cristina , Valencia Leticia , González‐Rico Jorge , Suárez‐Cabrera Leticia , Amigo‐Morán Lidia , Jorcano José Luis , Velasco Diego 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCellular spheroids have been described as an appropriate culture system to restore human follicle dermal papilla cells (hFDPc) intrinsic properties; however, they show a low and variable efficiency to promote complete hair follicle formation in in vivo experiments. In this work, a conscientious analysis revealed a 25% cell viability in the surface of the dermal papilla spheroid (DPS) for all culture conditions, questioning whether it is an appropriate culture system for hFDPc. To overcome this problem, we propose the use of human blood plasma for the generation of fibrin microgels (FM) with encapsulated hFDPc to restore its inductive signature, either in the presence or in the absence of blood platelets. FM showed a morphology and extracellular matrix composition similar to the native dermal papilla, including Versican and Collagen IV and increasing cell viability up to 85%. While both systems induce epidermal invaginations expressing hair‐specific keratins K14, K15, K71, and K75 in in vitro skin cultures, the number of generated structures increases from 17% to 49% when DPS and FM were used, respectively. These data show the potential of our experimental setting for in vitro hair follicle neogenesis with wild adult hFDPc using FM, being a crucial step in the pursuit of human hair follicle regeneration therapies.
NRF1 promotes primordial germ cell development, proliferation and survival
Authors: Wang Pengxiang , Su Jun , Wang Junpeng , Xie Yilin , Chen Wei , Zhong Jinhai , Wang Yuan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPrimordial germ cells (PGCs) are the germline precursors that give rise to oocytes and sperm, ensuring the continuation of life. While the PGC specification is extensively studied, it remains elusive how the PGC population is sustained and expanded after they migrate to embryonic gonads before birth. This study demonstrates that NRF1, a known regulator for mitochondrial metabolism, plays critical roles in post‐migrating PGC development. We show that NRF1 protein level gradually increases in post‐migrating PGCs during embryonic development. Conditional Nrf1 knockout from embryonic germ cells leads to impaired PGC proliferation and survival. In addition, NRF1 may also actively drive PGC derivation from pluripotent stem cells. Using whole genome transcriptome profiling and ChIP‐seq analyses, we further reveal that NRF1 directly regulates key signalling molecules in PGC formation, transcription factors in proliferation and cell cycle and enzymes in mitochondrial metabolism. Overall, our findings highlight an essential requirement of NRF1 in regulating a broad transcriptional network to support post‐migrating PGC development both in vitro and in vivo.
High‐flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy for the treatment of acute respiratory failure secondary to SARS‐CoV‐2 pneumonia out of ICU
Authors: Castro Sonia , Pedrero Sandra , Ruiz Luis Alberto , Serrano Leyre , Zalacain Rafael , Pérez‐Fernández Silvia , Iriberri Milagros , Cabriada Valentín 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroduction and objectivesHigh‐flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) has been successfully used for the treatment of acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure (AHRF) secondary to SARS‐CoV‐2 pneumonia and being effective in reducing progression to invasive mechanical ventilation. The objective of this study was to assess the usefulness of HFNC on a hospital ward for the treatment of AHRF secondary to SARS‐CoV‐2 pneumonia and its impact on the need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission and endotracheal intubation. Other objectives include identifying potential physiological parameters and/or biomarkers for predicting treatment failure and assessing the clinical course and survival.MethodsObservational study based on data collected prospectively between March 2020 and February 2021 in a single hospital on patients diagnosed with AHRF secondary to SARS‐CoV‐2 pneumonia who received HFNC outside an ICU.ResultsOne hundred and seventy‐one patients out of 1090 patients hospitalised for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. HFNC was set as the ceiling of treatment in 44 cases; 12 survived (27.3%). Among the other 127 patients, intubation was performed in 25.9% of cases with a mortality of 11.8%. Higher creatinine levels (OR 1.942, 95% CI 1.04; 3.732; p = 0.036) and Comorbidity‐Age‐Lymphocyte‐LDH (CALL) score (OR 1.273, 95% CI 1.033; 1.617; p = 0.033) were associated with a higher risk of intubation. High platelet count at HFNC initiation was predictive of good treatment response (OR 0.935, 95% CI 0.884; 0.983; p = 0.012).ConclusionsHFNC outside an ICU is a treatment with high success rate in patients with AHRF secondary to SARS‐CoV‐2 pneumonia, including in patients in whom this therapy was deemed to be the ceiling of treatment.
The ‘licence to distrust’ and the protection of individual rights in the execution of a European Arrest Warrant: A comment
Authors: Caeiro Pedro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis comment on Ermioni Xanthopoulou's insightful article starts by revisiting the nature and role of trust in the European Arrest Warrant (EAW) procedure, considering the recent developments in the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) (from Aranyosi/Căldăraru to Bivolaru/Moldovan). It is argued that trust is distinct from the presumption of respect for fundamental rights that underlies mutual recognition. The exercise of trust is now monitored by those Courts, as a means of protecting individual rights. This rehabilitates the proper meaning of trust, which can be reinforced by assurances. Prison conditions and legal changes affecting the rule of law are analysed in this light, as ‘drivers of distrust’. In sum, distrust can legitimately provide immediate protection for the individual, and the spectre of distrust causes the appreciation of trust, which in turn is beneficial for fundamental rights.
Image analysis quantification of sperm acrosome associated 3 protein expression in domesticated and free‐roaming equine ovaries
Authors: Lee Mikaela K. , Strandberg Victoria M. , Cozzi Brynley C. , Ramsey Ann M. , Evanchak Kendall A. , Kutzler Michelle A. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryBackgroundIn the United States, the carrying capacity of the land has been overwhelmed with the wild horse and burro populations. Identification of a long‐term contraception method is needed to control growing populations as current methods cannot quell these growing numbers. Sperm acrosome‐associated 3 protein (SPACA3) is a protein expressed in both male and female reproductive systems. SPACA3 may prove to be a viable contraception target in horses in immunosterilant research.ObjectivesThe objective of the current study was to evaluate and compare ovarian immunoexpression of SPACA3 between domesticated and free‐roaming mares. This information may lead to the development of a SPACA3 immunosterilant to reduce free‐roaming horse and burro populations.Study designNon‐randomised comparative study design.MethodsRoutine immunohistochemistry was performed on ovarian sections from domesticated (n = 8) and free‐roaming mares (n = 8). At least three representative images of each follicle stage (primordial, primary, secondary, tertiary) from each ovary were digitally captured and analysed using Image J software. Expression of SPACA3 was quantified in cellular locations (granulosa or theca) specific to each follicle stage: primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary.ResultsDomesticated horses had higher SPACA3 expression compared to free‐roaming mares in granulosa cells of primordial (p = 0.0022), primary (p < 0.001), secondary (p = 0.025), and tertiary follicles (p = 0.0078). In theca cells, domesticated horses had higher SPACA3 expression in tertiary follicles (p = 0.022), but not secondary follicles (p = 0.089). The highest SPACA3 expression was observed in the granulosa cells of tertiary follicles (p = 0.022).Main limitationsVarying background colours of representative images taken of ovaries, leading to slight technical issues in Image J software.ConclusionsThis is the first report quantifying SPACA3 immunoexpression during folliculogenesis and describing the spatial and temporal expression of SPACA3 in the equine ovary. This information may lead to the development of a SPACA3 immunosterilant to reduce free‐roaming horse and burro populations.
Geographical articulations of rurality at the rural‐urban interface
Authors: Chen Ningning 
Published: August 2023

AbstractResearch on the intermediate space or interface where rural and urban boundaries become blurred has been gaining momentum within geography and other intersecting fields. In contrast to the dominant focus on the growth of urbanism at the rural‐urban interface, a growing number of studies have emerged to intervene the debate from the rural side. This paper contributes to this burgeoning scholarship by reviewing recent work on geographical articulations of rurality in the face of urbanizing forces and processes operating in intermediate spaces. I firstly explore how extant representations of rurality at the rural‐urban interface are inherent with an “idyllic” vision, a “modernist” one or a combination of both, and how the interactions among multiple rural visions produce tensions and conflicts at the interface. Then, I outline the recent conceptualizations of rurality under the relational and materialist turns, which move beyond the discursive construction of the countryside and offer new theoretical insights and analytical concepts for appreciating multiple, heterogeneous, open and inclusive articulations of rural voices at the interface. Finally, I map out directions for future research to attend to the insufficiently‐addressed temporal dimensions of the rural‐urban interface, thereby moving current discussions of relational rurality forward.
Fabrication and electron emission of [Ca24Al24.08Zr3.92O64]4+(4e−) electrides
Authors: Xiao Yixin , Chen Ziyu , Zheng Haizhong , Li Guifa , Geng Yongxiang , Tang Jiasong , Zhang Xin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract[Ca24Al24.08Zr3.92O64]4+(4e−) electrides are ceramic materials with low work functions that can store high‐density free electrons. So, it has great application potential in electron emission. In this paper, The mixed powders of CaO, Al2O3, ZrO2, and Al in a certain stoichiometric ratio were used as precursors, and [Ca24Al24.08Zr3.92O64]4+(4e−) blocks were fabricated through in‐situ reduction. The synthetic block samples have fewer pores, cracks, and impurities, and the blocks' relative density reaches 99.6%. At the same time, the blocks’ cages were injected with high‐density electrons during the sintering, and the electron density reached 2 × 1021 cm−3. This makes the sample realize the transition from insulation to conductor. In addition, the block's emission current and effective work function is 1.75 A/cm2 and 2.25 eV, respectively, at 1100°C. The research in this paper provides a new way for the low‐cost and industrial production of high‐quality [Ca24Al24.08Zr3.92O64]4+(4e−).
Political constitutionalism in Europe revisited
Authors: WILKINSON MICHAEL A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article traces the disconnect in the constitutional study of the European Union from the Maastricht era to the euro crisis. In the Maastricht era, a discourse of ‘post‐sovereignty’ came to dominate theoretical enquiry, reflecting but also distorting a number of material developments: the ‘end of history’, the retreat of critical theory into discourse analysis and systems theory, and the prioritization of law over politics. Jürgen Habermas was a key intellectual figure in driving this ideological mix at the very moment when anti‐systemic challenges began to return, both formally and informally, as exemplified in the German Constitutional Court and the French political scene. In revisiting the idea of political constitutionalism, we can foreground this constitutional disconnect and show how it contributes to the irresolution of the subsequent euro crisis conjuncture.
Uncovering the endemic circulation of rabies in Cambodia
Authors: Layan Maylis , Dacheux Laurent , Lemey Philippe , Brunker Kirstyn , Ma Laurence , Troupin Cécile , Dussart Philippe , Chevalier Véronique , Wood James L. N. , Ly Sowath , Duong Veasna , Bourhy Hervé , Dellicour Simon 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn epidemiology, endemicity characterizes sustained pathogen circulation in a geographical area, which involves a circulation that is not being maintained by external introductions. Because it could potentially shape the design of public health interventions, there is an interest in fully uncovering the endemic pattern of a disease. Here, we use a phylogeographic approach to investigate the endemic signature of rabies virus (RABV) circulation in Cambodia. Cambodia is located in one of the most affected regions by rabies in the world, but RABV circulation between and within Southeast Asian countries remains understudied. Our analyses are based on a new comprehensive data set of 199 RABV genomes collected between 2014 and 2017 as well as previously published Southeast Asian RABV sequences. We show that most Cambodian sequences belong to a distinct clade that has been circulating almost exclusively in Cambodia. Our results thus point towards rabies circulation in Cambodia that does not rely on external introductions. We further characterize within‐Cambodia RABV circulation by estimating lineage dispersal metrics that appear to be similar to other settings, and by performing landscape phylogeographic analyses to investigate environmental factors impacting the dispersal dynamic of viral lineages. The latter analyses do not lead to the identification of environmental variables that would be associated with the heterogeneity of viral lineage dispersal velocities, which calls for a better understanding of local dog ecology and further investigations of the potential drivers of RABV spread in the region. Overall, our study illustrates how phylogeographic investigations can be performed to assess and characterize viral endemicity in a context of relatively limited data.