bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Speaker Diversity and Audience Ratings at a National Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Conference
Authors: Goldowsky Alexander , Singh Roshni , Moss Alan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
There is a need to improve speaker diversity at gastroenterology conferences, but little public data exist to quantify this. In addition, the perception of diverse speakers by conference audiences is not appreciated. We sought to identify time trends in speaker profiles and audience ratings at a national inflammatory bowel diseases conference.

Methods
Faculty profiles and audience feedback forms from 2014 to 2020 were reviewed for an annual inflammatory bowel diseases meeting. Speaker demographics including gender, race, and years of experience post-training were collected. Continuing medical education surveys were examined for audience ratings of speakers’ knowledge level and teaching ability.

Results
Six years of data were collected, including 560 main program faculty and 13 905 total feedback forms. The percentage of female speakers increased from 25% in 2016 to 39% in 2020. All-male panels decreased from 47% in 2014 to 2017 to 11% in 2018 to 2020. Racial diversity of speakers remained unchanged (13% Asian, 5% Hispanic/Latinx, 1% Black). In audience feedback forms, female speakers from all sessions were perceived as having equal knowledge base and teaching ability compared with male speakers. However, speakers with &lt;10 years of experience post-training were viewed as less knowledgeable and with poorer teaching abilities compared with more senior faculty.

Conclusions
Gender diversity at inflammatory bowel disease conferences is improving. However, there remain significant gaps, particularly in racial diversity and improving perceptions of early-career speakers. These data should inform program committees for future gastroenterology conferences.
Rapid Clinical Remission With Upadacitinib in a Pediatric Patient With Refractory Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Collen Lauren V 
Published: March 2023

Lay Summary
A pediatric patient with Crohn’s disease refractory to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy, vedolizumab, ustekinumab, and 6-mercaptopurine achieved rapid clinical remission with upadacitinib. This is the first report of successful use of upadacitinib in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease.
CFD analysis of gravity-fed drag-type in-pipe water turbine to determine the optimal deflector-to-turbine position
Authors: Gautam Shishir , Sedai Ashish , Dhakal Rabin , Sedhai Bijaya Kumar , Pol Suhas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn-pipe hydroelectric power generation is a relatively new clean energy power generation technology. This new clean energy technology has been identified to be feasible after successful commercial installation in different parts of the world. Several researchers worldwide have studied the optimal turbine type, the optimal number of blades in turbine, introduction of suitable deflector, etc. for this technology. However, the effect of the turbine's position relative to the upstream deflector on its performance has not been studied so far. This research encompasses a numerical study of the in-pipe hydroelectric power generation turbine to identify the optimal position of the turbine from the deflector. The study was performed for a 160-mm diameter pipeline and a 126-mm turbine height and aims to predict the behavior of larger diameter pipelines for commercial installation. The numerical study was performed for a hollow-type drag turbine at 6 different rotational speeds and 10 different turbine positions. The results suggest that the performance characteristics of drag-type turbine are erratic, thus leaving little space to draw a firm conclusion about the turbine's performance. However, there was an increase in pressure difference, head and available theoretical power with the increase in rotational speed for all the positions. It was also found that such turbines were generally more efficient at slightly higher rotational speeds, i.e. speed greater than 40 rad/s, and at about the distance of 0.65D (where D is the pipe diameter) between deflector's eye and turbine.Highlights: • Drag-type water turbines can significantly contribute to the production of clean energy. • We varied the turbine position and rotational speed to see how these parameters affects the turbine performance. • Computational fluid dynamics approach is used to study the behavior of turbine at different operating conditions.
Economic-emission–constrained multi-objective hybrid optimal energy flow of integrated energy systems
Authors: Fan Binning , Hu Longji , Fan Zhiguo , Liu Aifeng , Yan Lijun , Xie Fengjuan , Liu Zhenyu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The energy flow optimization is important to the operation, planning and trading of integrated energy systems. Based on the energy hub (EH) model, this paper establishes a multi-objective hybrid optimal energy flow model for integrated energy systems that consider operation economy and pollution gas emissions. Power grid constraints, gas grid constraints and EH constraints are involved in the proposed model. The non-dominated improved genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) and particle swarm optimization algorithm combined solution method is used to solve the proposed multi-objective hybrid optimal energy flow model. The results show that the proposed model can balance the operation economy and pollution gas emission according to the difference of energy price and load demand. It can flexibly change the transformation and utilization mode of natural gas to provide more operation solutions for operators and realize more rational utilization of energy.
Detection, location, and diagnosis of different faults in large solar PV system—a review
Authors: Venkatakrishnan G R , Rengaraj R , Tamilselvi S , Harshini J , Sahoo Ansheela , Saleel C Ahamed , Abbas Mohamed , Cuce Erdem , Jazlyn C , Shaik Saboor , Cuce Pinar Mert , Riffat Saffa 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Over the past decade, the significance of solar photovoltaic (PV) system has played a major role due to the rapid growth in the solar PV industry. Reliability, efficiency and safety of solar PV systems can be enhanced by continuous monitoring of the system and detecting the faults if any as early as possible. Reduced real time power generation and reduced life span of the solar PV system are the results if the fault in solar PV system is found undetected. Therefore, it is mandatory to identify and locate the type of fault occurring in a solar PV system. The faults occurring in the solar PV system are classified as follows: physical, environmental, and electrical faults that are further classified into different types as described in this paper. Once a fault is located and detected, an appropriate diagnosis method needs to be used to rectify it. In this paper, a comprehensive review of diverse fault diagnosis techniques reported in various literature is listed and described. This paper helps the researchers to get an awareness of the various faults occurring in a solar PV system and enables them to choose a suitable diagnosis technique based on its performance metrics to rectify the fault occurring in solar PV systems.
New Developments in the Treatment of Schizophrenia: An Expert Roundtable
Authors: Kantrowitz Joshua T , Correll Christoph U , Jain Rakesh , Cutler Andrew J 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Schizophrenia is a disabling disorder that profoundly affects functioning and quality of life. While available antipsychotics have improved outcomes for patients with schizophrenia, they are relatively ineffective for negative and cognitive symptoms and are associated with a range of troublesome side effects. A significant unmet medical need for more effective and better-tolerated therapies remains.

Methods
A roundtable consisting of 4 experts in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia convened to discuss the current treatment landscape, unmet needs from patient and societal perspectives, and the potential of emerging therapies with novel mechanisms of action (MOAs).

Results
Key areas of unmet need include optimal implementation of available treatments, effective treatment of negative and cognitive symptoms, improvements in medication adherence, novel MOAs, avoidance of postsynaptic dopamine blockade–related adverse effects, and individualized approaches to treatment. With the possible exception of clozapine, all currently available antipsychotics primarily act by blocking dopamine D2 receptors. Agents with novel MOAs are urgently needed to effectively target the full range of symptoms in schizophrenia and facilitate an individualized treatment approach. Discussion focused on promising novel MOAs that have demonstrated potential in phase 2 and 3 trials include muscarinic receptor agonism, trace amine-associated receptor 1 agonism, serotonin receptor antagonism/inverse agonism, and glutamatergic modulation.

Conclusions
Results from early clinical trials of agents with novel MOAs are encouraging, particularly for muscarinic and trace amine-associated receptor 1 agonists. These agents offer renewed hope for meaningful improvement in the management of patients with schizophrenia.
Who would be a pharmacist? A national representative cross-sectional survey of pharmacists and students to explore personality traits and associations with job satisfaction and career outlook
Authors: Kamath Srinivas , Soo Bianca , Mill Deanna , Johnson Jacinta , Page Amy Theresa 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Pharmacists’ response to practice change tends to range from apprehension to excitement. It is unknown if these varying responses are related to differing personality traits. This study aimed to describe the personality traits of Australian pharmacists, pharmacist interns and pharmacy students and any potential associations with their career satisfaction and/or outlook.

Methods
Australian pharmacy students, pre-registration and registered pharmacists were eligible to participate in the cross-sectional online survey that consisted of participant demographics, personality traits (using a reliable validated instrument, the Big Five Inventory) and career outlook statements (three optimistic and three pessimistic statements). Data were analysed descriptively and using linear regression.

Key findings
The 546 respondents scored highly for agreeableness (4.0 ± 0.6) and conscientiousness (4.0 ± 0.6) and lowest in neuroticism (2.8 ± 0.8)). Pessimistic career outlook statements were predominantly neutral or disagreement, in contrast to the responses to the optimistic outlook statements that were predominantly neutral or agreement. Just over half (198 out of 368, 53%) of the registered pharmacists stated that they intended to practice in the profession for more than 10 years. For pharmacists, age had significant positive associations with the three optimistic career outlook statements and significant inverse relationships with three pessimistic career outlook statements. Neuroticism had significant inverse associations with optimistic statements and positive relationships with pessimistic statements.

Conclusions
All demographics tested was overall optimistic about the pharmacy profession with pharmacists scoring highly in agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness.
Towards a More Effective Health and Safety Regime for UK Workplaces Post COVID-19
Authors: Davies A C L , Rodgers Lisa 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this article, we identify ways in which the Covid-19 pandemic has exposed flaws in the UK’s regulatory regime for health and safety at work. The characteristics of Covid-19 presented particular challenges for the risk-based approach to regulation embraced by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE). We offer a critique and suggest four principal areas for reform. First, it is clear that HSE and other enforcement bodies need an injection of funds to support their inspection and enforcement activities. Second, the regulatory regime itself is in need of modernisation to reduce reliance on criminal law. Third, wider labour law problems such as the distinction between worker and employee, which impact health and safety law, need to be resolved. Fourth, and most importantly, there must be much greater recognition that health and safety is an issue for every person in the workforce. Even if Covid-19 ceases to pose such a significant workplace risk, we consider that there are a variety of other common health and safety issues that would be better addressed by a modified and modernised regulatory strategy.
The Role of ALPK1 in Inhibiting Hepatitis B Virus Replication Facilitates the Identification of ALPK1 P660L Variant for Predicting Response to Pegylated Interferon α Therapy
Authors: Lou Shuang , Wang Jialin , Chen Jiaxuan , Xie Haisheng , Chen Haitao , Zhou Bin , Zhang Bo , Hou Jinlin , Jiang De-Ke 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Alpha kinase 1 (ALPK1) agonist has recently been reported to demonstrate anti–hepatitis B virus (HBV) efficacy via activating NF-κB signaling, which is crucial for maximizing interferon (IFN) responses. Here, we investigated the impact of ALPK1 on HBV replication and explored ALPK1 variants for predicting the response to pegylated IFN-α (PegIFN-α) treatment.

Methods
The potential anti-HBV effect of ALPK1 was evaluated in HBV-integrated and HBV-infected hepatoma cells. The potentially functional genetic variants of ALPK1 were screened out, and their correlations with PegIFN-α treatment response were assessed in 945 hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)–positive patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).

Results
We revealed that ALPK1 inhibited HBV replication in hepatocytes via activating the JAK-STAT pathway. ALPK1 overexpression improved the anti-HBV effect of IFN-α in cell models. A missense variant, rs35389530 (P660L), of ALPK1 was strongly associated with combined response (CR; namely, HBeAg seroconversion and HBV DNA level &lt;3.3log10 IU/mL) to PegIFN-α treatment in patients with CHB (P = 2.12 × 10−6). Moreover, a polygenic score integrating ALPK1_rs35389530 and 2 additional genetic variants was further significantly associated with CR (Ptrend = 9.28 × 10−7), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) level (Ptrend = .0002), and HBsAg loss (Ptrend = .025).

Conclusions
The anti-HBV effects of ALPK1 through activating JAK-STAT pathway provides a new perspective for CHB therapy. ALPK1_rs35389530 and polygenic score are potential biomarkers to predict PegIFN-α treatment response and may be used for optimizing CHB treatment.
A New Era of Morphological Investigations: Reviewing Methods for Comparative Anatomical Studies
Authors: Ford K L , Albert J S , Summers A P , Hedrick B P , Schachner E R , Jones A S , Evans K , Chakrabarty P 
Published: March 2023

SynopsisThe increased use of imaging technology in biological research has drastically altered morphological studies in recent decades and allowed for the preservation of important collection specimens alongside detailed visualization of bony and soft-tissue structures. Despite the benefits associated with these newer imaging techniques, there remains a need for more “traditional” methods of morphological examination in many comparative studies. In this paper, we describe the costs and benefits of the various methods of visualizing, examining, and comparing morphological structures. There are significant differences not only in the costs associated with these different methods (monetary, time, equipment, and software), but also in the degree to which specimens are destroyed. We argue not for any one particular method over another in morphological studies, but instead suggest a combination of methods is useful not only for breadth of visualization, but also for the financial and time constraints often imposed on early-career research scientists.
Virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes profiles ofspatype t605 methicillin-susceptibleStaphylococcus aureusisolated from subclinical bovine mastitis
Authors: Munive Nuñez Karen Vanessa , da Silva Abreu Anderson Clayton , Gonçalves Juliano Leonel , dos Santos Marcos Veiga , de Oliveira Rocha Liliana , Cirone Silva Nathália Cristina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsStaphylococcus aureus is one of the most common pathogens associated with mastitis in dairy herds worldwide. This study evaluated the profile of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes of spa type t605 methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus isolated from subclinical bovine mastitis in São Paulo, Brazil.Methods and resultsA total of 57 S. aureus strains were screened by conventional PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) for 49 virulence genes. The most prevalent virulence genes detected were icaD (94.7%), fib (93%), fnbA (82.5%), clfA (80.7%), bap (78.9%), clfB (73.7%), icaA (66.7%), see (64.9%), and sed (61.4%). The blaZ (94.7%), aac6’aph2’ (15.8%), and ant4 (12.3%) genes were the most common antimicrobial resistance genes; however, mecA and mecC genes were not found. All methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) strains were characterized through spa and agr typing. The spa type t605 was found in all isolates. By agr typing, the most prevalent were type II (56.1%). Antimicrobial resistance was determined by the disk diffusion method, and 93% showed resistance to at least one antibiotic. Penicillin resistance was the most prevalent (87.7%), followed by tetracycline (12.3%), oxacillin (10.5%), and gentamicin (10.5%) resistance.ConclusionOur study confirmed the spa type t605 as endemic, carrying a wide variety of virulence factors and high-level penicillin resistance. The profile seems to be associated with the colonization of MSSA and its persistence in subclinical mastitis.
Monetary Policy, Corporate Finance, and Investment
Authors: Cloyne James , Ferreira Clodomiro , Froemel Maren , Surico Paolo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In response to a change in interest rates, younger firms not paying dividends adjust both their capital expenditure and borrowing significantly more than older firms paying dividends. The reason is that the debt of younger non-dividend payers is far more sensitive to fluctuations in collateral values, which are significantly affected by monetary policy. The results are robust to a wide range of possible confounding factors. Other channels, including movements in interest payments, product demand, profitability, and mark-ups, are also significant but seem unlikely to explain the heterogeneity in the response of capital expenditure. Our findings suggest that these types of financial frictions play an important role in the transmission of monetary policy.
Uddyotakara on Universals I: Against Resemblance Nominalism
Authors: Das Nilanjan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Universals are properties that are shared by multiple objects. In classical South Asia, Brahmanical thinkers from Vyākaraṇa, Nyāya, Vaiśeṣika, and Mīmāṃsā text traditions were realists about universals, while most Buddhists were nominalists. In this paper, my aim is to reconstruct the early Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika theory of universals, with special emphasis on the arguments of the Nyāya philosopher Uddyotakara (6th century CE) against a Buddhist strand of resemblance nominalism. I show that Uddyotakara's contribution to this debate is twofold. First, he is possibly the first Naiyāyika to adopt a sparse theory of universals, a theory according to which it is necessary to posit only those universals which explain how objects resemble each other in the most fundamental or irreducible respects. On the other hand, he offers a few arguments for realism, which are explicitly motivated by a causal constraint on intentionality.
Correspondence and canonicity theory of quasi-inequalities and Π2-statements in modal subordination algebras
Authors: Zhao Zhiguang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In the present paper, we study the correspondence and canonicity theory of modal subordination algebras and their dual Stone space with two relations, generalizing correspondence results for subordination algebras in [13–15, 25]. Due to the fact that the language of modal subordination algebras involves a binary subordination relation, we will find it convenient to use the so-called quasi-inequalities and $\varPi _{2}$-statements. We use an algorithm to transform (restricted) inductive quasi-inequalities and (restricted) inductive $\varPi _{2}$-statements to equivalent first-order correspondents on the dual Stone spaces with two relations with respect to arbitrary (resp. admissible) valuations.
Cytochromes P450 involved in bacterial RiPP biosyntheses
Authors: Kunakom Sylvia , Otani Hiroshi , Udwary Daniel W , Doering Drew T , Mouncey Nigel J 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) are a large class of secondary metabolites that have garnered scientific attention due to their complex scaffolds with potential roles in medicine, agriculture, and chemical ecology. RiPPs derive from the cleavage of ribosomally synthesized proteins and additional modifications, catalyzed by various enzymes to alter the peptide backbone or side chains. Of these enzymes, cytochromes P450 (P450s) are a superfamily of heme-thiolate proteins involved in many metabolic pathways, including RiPP biosyntheses. In this review, we focus our discussion on P450 involved in RiPP pathways and the unique chemical transformations they mediate. Previous studies have revealed a wealth of P450s distributed across all domains of life. While the number of characterized P450s involved in RiPP biosyntheses is relatively small, they catalyze various enzymatic reactions such as C–C or C–N bond formation. Formation of some RiPPs is catalyzed by more than one P450, enabling structural diversity. With the continuous improvement of the bioinformatic tools for RiPP prediction and advancement in synthetic biology techniques, it is expected that further cytochrome P450-mediated RiPP biosynthetic pathways will be discovered.

Summary
The presence of genes encoding P450s in gene clusters for ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides expand structural and functional diversity of these secondary metabolites, and here, we review the current state of this knowledge.