bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palliative Care Research Utilising Intersectionality: A scoping review
Authors: Butler Helen , Gott Merryn , Prebble Kate , Fortune Sarah , Robinson Jacqueline 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background Access to palliative care is recognised as a human right, yet clear disparities exist. There have been recent appeals to examine people’s contexts and interactions with social systems which for many, adversely influence their utilisation of palliative care. Intersectionality provides a way to understand these drivers of inequity and ultimately advocate for change. Aim To identify and describe published studies utilising intersectionality in relation to need, access and experience of palliative care. Design: A scoping review. Data sources: Medline, Scopus, CINAHL and Google Scholar databases and a manual search were undertaken for studies published up to January 2023. Included studies were evidence based articles where palliative or end of life care was the focus and intersectionality was identified and/or applied to the research that was undertaken. Results Ten published studies were included. An analytic framework was developed to identify the extent that intersectionality was utilised in each study. Conclusions Very limited research to date has utilised intersectionality to understand access, utilisation and experience of palliative care. This scoping review demonstrates intersectionality can provide a way to illuminate rich understandings of inequity in palliative care. It is imperative that future palliative research incorporates an intersectionality focus to further clarify the needs and experiences of structurally marginalised groups.
Explicit Definitions for the Electromagnetic Energies in Electromagnetic Radiation and Mutual Coupling
Authors: Xiao Gaobiao , Liu Rui 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In the proposed theory, the total electromagnetic energy of a radiator is separated into three parts: a Coulomb-velocity energy, a radiative energy, and a macroscopic Schott energy. The Coulomb-velocity energy is attached to the sources. It becomes zero as soon as its sources have disappeared. The radiative energy leaves the radiator and propagates to the surrounding space. The macroscopic Schott energy continues to exist for a short time after the sources have disappeared, performing like the Schott energy in the charged particle theory. The Poynting vector describes the total power flux density related to the total electromagnetic energy and should include a real radiative power flow by the radiative energy and a pseudo power flow caused by the fluctuation of the reactive energy. The energies involved in the electromagnetic mutual coupling are separated in a similar way. All energies are defined with explicit expressions in which the vector potential plays an important role. The time domain formulation and the frequency domain formulation of the theory are in consistent with each other. The theory is verified with Hertzian dipole. Numerical examples demonstrate that the theory may provide intuitive interpretation for electromagnetic radiation and mutual coupling problems.
Efficacy and safety of XELOX combined with neoadjuvant radiotherapy verus neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Bu Shanshan , Wang Siyi , Ting Wang , Zhang Zhandong , Shang Chuang , Tang Xiance , Ge Hong , Di Na , Wang Xiushen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective
The work aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of XELOX regimen combined with neoadjuvant radiotherapy (CRT) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CT) in locally advanced gastric cancer.
Methods
The clinical data of patients with locally advanced gastric cancer were retrospectively included. They underwent radical gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection in our center from January 2019 to December 2020. We compared the postoperative pathology, adverse reactions and DFS and OS after XELOX regimen combined with CRT and RT. Inverse probability weighting was used as the statistical method to deal with confounding factors.
Results
369 people (90.2%) were included in the CT group and 40 people (9.8%) were in the CRT group. The negative conversion rate was 38.1% in tumor marker CEA-positive patients in the CRT group after neoadjuvant therapy. It was significantly higher than 11.8% of the CT group (P < 0.001). The rate of PCR in the RT group was 15.8%, which was significantly higher than that of the CT group (4.7%) (P = 0.017). The ypN0 rate was significantly higher the CRT group (60.3%) than that in the CT group (39.8%) (P = 0.024). The CRT group was 100%, and the CT group was 96.5% (P = 0.001) after the R0 resection rate was weighted by inverse probability. No statistically significant difference existed in nerve invasion, vascular tumor embolus, and peritoneal invasion between the two groups. The median follow-up time of the whole group was 25.1 months. The DFS and OS of the CRT group were significantly higher than those of the CT group (P < 0.001) after weighting by IPTW. No significant difference existed between the CRT group and the CT group in adverse reactions, postoperative complications and average hospitalization time.
Conclusion
XELOX regimen combined with CRT had good downstaging effects. It showed better short-term pathological curative effects and survival benefits after surgery compared with CT. The surgical safety was equivalent between the two groups.
Early Prediction of COVID-19 Associated Hospitalization at the Time of CDC Contact Tracing using Machine Learning: Towards Pandemic Preparedness
Authors: Liang Chen , Lyu Tianchu , Weissman Sharon , Daering Nick , Olatosi Bankole , Hikmet Neset , Li Xiaoming 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective: To develop and validate machine learning models for predicting COVID-19 related hospitalization as early as CDC contact tracing using integrated CDC contact tracing and South Carolina medical claims data. Methods: Using the dataset (n=82,073, 1/1/2018 - 3/1/2020), we identified 3,305 patients with COVID-19 and were captured by contact tracing. We developed and validated machine learning models (i.e., support vector machine, random forest, XGboost), followed by multi-level validations and pilot statewide implementation. Results: Using 10-cross validation, random forest outperformed other models (F1=0.872 for general hospitalization and 0.763 for COVID-19 related hospitalization), followed by XGBoost (F1=0.845 and 0.682) and support vector machine (F1=0.845 and 0.644). We identified new self-reported symptoms from contact tracing (e.g., fatigue, congestion, headache, loss of taste) that are highly predictive of hospitalization. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated the feasibility of identifying individuals at risk of hospitalization at the time of contact tracing for early intervention and prevention. Policy implications: Our findings demonstrate existing promise for leveraging CDC contact tracing for establishing a cost-effective statewide surveillance and generalizability for nationwide adoption for enhancing pandemic preparedness in the US.
Landscape of Immune Cell Infiltration and Inflammatory Response-related Gene Signature in Breast Cancer: an Experimental Validation Study
Authors: Luo Jiayue , Li Mengyi , Yang Weibang , Cai Xiaoqing , Chen Zijun , Liu Jie , Lai Guie 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The underlying role of inflammatory response-related genes (IRGs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of breast cancer (BC) remains unknown. Here, we comprehensively investigated the correlations of IRGs with prognosis and immune cell infiltration in BC patients.
Methods
IRGs expression profiling were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, N = 993) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, N = 3,256) database. Independent prognostic IRGs were identified via Lasso-Cox regression analyses and used to established a predictive model. Thus, time-dependent receiver operating curve (ROC), calibration curve, decision curve, subgroup analysis, drug sensitivity and immune microenvironment analysis were executed to assess the performance of nomogram.
Results
Three IRGs (CCR7, NFKBIA, and KCNMB2) were identified as prognostic independent predictors of BC and were used to build an inflammation-score. Then, the cluster1 and cluster 2 subtypes were determined by consensus clustering for these three IRGs. Cluster 2 had better overall survival, and higher CD8 T cell infiltration but lower M2 macrophage levels than cluster 1. Subsequently, an IRGs-based nomogram was constructed using the inflammation-score, clinical TNM stage, age, and tumor subtype. Patients in the high-risk group exhibited aggressive clinicopathological features and suffered poor overall survival. Patient in the high-risk groups exhibited lower expression levels of immune checkpoints such as PD-1/PD-L1, lower immune scores, higher infiltration of M2 macrophages, and lower chemotherapeutic sensitivity. Besides, the expression of the three IRGs were validated using IHC experiment.
Conclusion
The IRGs-based nomogram might open up new horizons in the understanding of TME and provide therapeutic strategies for precision therapy.
Heisenberg Spin Exchange Between Nitroxide Probes Diffusing in a Percolation Network
Authors: Lawton Jamie S. , Budil David E. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Heisenberg spin exchange (HSE) between nitroxide (Tempone) spin probes has been measured as a function of concentration in the aqueous phase of the hydrated ion exchange membrane Nafion 117. The observed fast-motional electron paramagnetic resonance spectra were analyzed in terms of the perturbation expressions given by Bales and Peric based on the earlier monograph of Molin et al., as well as by the full stochastic Liouville equation lineshape calculation of Freed and coworkers. Differences between the methods for determining HSE from the spectrum are presented and discussed. In acidic Nafion membranes, the spin probes are deactivated over time, allowing simultaneous measurement of the decay kinetics and HSE as a function of paramagnetic probe concentration. Both processes deviate from the behavior that would be expected based on classical diffusion and chemical kinetics in isotropic media. The results are discussed in terms of currently available models for diffusion and reaction in a percolation network.
Protective role of M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor in indomethacin-induced small intestinal injury
Authors: Igarashi-Hisayoshi Yoko , Ihara Eikichi , Bai Xiaopeng , Tanaka Yoshimasa , Ogino Haruei , Chinen Takatoshi , Taguchi Yasushi , Ogawa Yoshihiro 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
EP4 prostanoid receptor (EP4R) contributes to the intestinal epithelial barrier function, and inhibition of prostaglandin E (PGE) production by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) plays a central role in NSAID-induced enteropathy. However, given that M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3R)-selective agents are unavailable, how M3R regulates the intestinal epithelial barrier function remains unclear. The present study explored how M3R is involved in the regulation of the intestinal epithelial barrier function and its pathophysiological role in NSAID-induced enteropathy.
Methods
Using the novel highly-selective M3 positive allosteric modulator PAM-369 that we recently developed, we evaluated the role of M3R in the intestinal epithelial barrier function ex vivo by measuring the short circuit current (Isc) of intestinal epithelium with a Ussing chamber system and examined whether or not M3R protects against small intestinal injury in indomethacin-treated mice.
Results
Both the PGE1 derivative misoprostol and carbachol similarly increased the Isc in a concentration-dependent manner. The Isc increases were abolished either by receptor antagonists (an EP4R antagonist and a M3R antagonist, respectively) or by removal of extracellular Cl−. PAM-369 increased the Isc by potentiating M3R, which could contribute to enhanced intestinal epithelial barrier function. Treatment with PAM-369 ameliorated small intestinal injury in indomethacin-treated mice. Importantly, the M3R expression was significantly up-regulated, and PAM-369 potentiation of M3R was augmented in indomethacin-treated mice compared to untreated mice.
Conclusions
These findings show that M3R plays a role in maintaining the intestinal epithelial barrier function. M3R is a promising target for treating or preventing NSAID-induced enteropathy.
Rural English Teaching Methods and Improvements along with Hurdles in Bangladesh and China
Authors: Yazhou Li , Zhang Wenzheng , Kajal Zahirul Alam , Ahmod Ujjal 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper attempts to recognize the variables that impede carrying out Informative Language Educating (ELTIP) in the optional schools in rustic Bangladesh and China. This article takes a subjectives approach, and it is done in four provincial schools in Banskhali and Shangaii, which is arranged in Chittagong locale in Bangladesh and China. In order to collect data regarding the difficulties associated with implementing ELTIP in their respective institutions, eight secondary English language teachers were interviewed. The findings point to a number of obstacles, including: shortage of qualified teachers, unusually large class sizes, lack of cutting-edge classroom materials, etc. The findings of this study may have an impact on language policymakers and practitioners in terms of how ELTIP practices in rural Bangladesh and China can be improved.
Temporal phenotypic variation of spinach root traits and its relation to shoot performance
Authors: Liu Ji , Shui Jiapeng , Xu Chenxi , Cai Xiaofeng , Wang Quanhua , Wang Xiaoli 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The root system is important for the growth and development of spinach. To reveal the temporal variability of the spinach root system, root traits of 40 spinach accessions were measured at three continuous stages in this study using a non-destructive and non-invasive root analysis system. Results showed that root traits had higher variations than shoot traits among spinach accessions, and the trait of relative growth rate of total root length had the largest coefficients of variation across the three imaging times. Most of the root traits were correlated between the different stages, but the correlations decreased with increasing sampling intervals. At the early stage, only tap root length was weakly correlated with shoot traits (plant height, leaf width, and object area), whereas at the later stage, root fresh weight, total root length, and root area were strongly correlated with shoot biomass-related traits. Plants with halberd-shaped leaves tended to have stronger root systems than those with nearly orbicular-shaped leaves. The 40 spinach accessions were classified into five subgroups with different growth dynamics of the primary and lateral roots. Our results demonstrated the potential of in-situ phenotyping to assess dynamic root growth in spinach and provide new perspectives for biomass breeding based on root system ideotypes.
Clinicopathological Features and Prognostic Role of HER2 Low in Early Breast Cancer: A Real World Study
Authors: Kong Ziqing , Wang Xixi , Wang Yutong , Liu Chuanling , Li Jingjie , Huang Deqin , Liu Liqun , Zhang Zheng , Zhang Yadi , Shao Jiakang , Zhu Yimin , Chen Yimeng , Liu Mei , Zhao Weihong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose: A definition of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-low was recently proposed with the development of novel antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Current studies on HER2-low are associated with metastatic breast cancer (BC), and less is known about early stage BC. Hence, a retrospective study was conducted based on HER2-low early BC to comprehensively analyze its clinicopathological features and prognostic roles compared with HER2 immunohistology(IHC) 0.
Method: Patients with HER2-negative early BC (N = 999) diagnosed at our institution from January 2010 to December 2015 were enrolled in this study. We compared clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes, including disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), between the HER2 IHC0 and HER2-low groups.
Result: HER2-low BC accounts for 83.6% of the entire cohort, with a higher proportion of estrogen receptor (ER) levels (> 10 %) and progesterone receptor (PgR) positivity compared with HER2 IHC0. Survival analysis revealed a significantly longer OS in HER2-low BC than that of HER2 IHC0. Patients with HER2-low in the hormone receptor (HR)-positive group had longer OS than that of HER2 IHC0. A longer OS of HER2-low was also observed in HR-negative group. No significant differences were observed in the DFS.
Conclusion: HER2-low BC may not be regarded as a unique BC group in this real-world population because of similar clinicopathological features and prognostic roles, especially in HR-positive cases. Whether HER2-low is a distinct subgroup remains to be supported and validated by additional data, both at the clinical and molecular levels.
Corrosion behaviour and wear characteristics of Friction stir processed AA7075-SiC-Gr surface composites in 3.5 % NaCl solution
Authors: Periasamy K. , Jayaraman M. , Saravanan S. , Karthikeyan B. , Palanisamy R. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The research work is aimed using aluminum matrix surface composite reinforced 5 wt. % Gr (graphite) with 5, 10, 15 wt. % SiC (Silicon Carbide) particles to improve the wear and corrosion characteristics of surface composites by friction stir processing. AA7075-SiC-Gr surface composites dry sliding wear and corrosion characteristics were examined by using pin-on-disc and potentiodynamic polarization techniques respectively. L16 Taguchi design is chosen for making effective experimental analysis and tested specimens wear rate was determined by weight loss techniques and the coefficient of friction (COF) were observed by data acquisition system. The worn surface of the wear tested specimens was analyzed by the scanning electron microscope. The corrosion rate was calculated from the corrosion potential and current density values. The optimized output responses of the surface composites such as lower wear rate, COF are observed as 9.8x10− 5mm3/m and 0.29 respectively. The most significant wear parameters on wear rate and COF of the surface composites are reinforcement percentage and load. The corrosion result indicates that reinforcing 10% SiC and 5% Gr surface composite has high corrosion resistant in base materials.
Examining the Safety and Feasibility of Using Virtual Reality to Assess Suicide Risk
Authors: Caulfield Nicole M. , Bauer Brian W. , Fergerson Ava , Karnick Aleksandr T. , Capron Daniel W. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective
Our ability to understand suicidal causes is hindered given that laboratory manipulation is unethical or unfeasible. Virtual Reality (VR) technologies may offer a practical translational approach to studying suicide causes. However, ethical considerations need to be considered when utilizing VR for suicide research, particularly examining the possibility of increasing suicidal ideation. The following study examined differences in self-reported suicide scores before and after engaging in a VR game that created a virtual suicide choice paradigm.
Method
Participants (n = 145, 79.9% female, 59.9% white, 81.3% heterosexual) were college students exposed to a VR experience called Richie's Plank Experience, where they engaged in a virtual suicide choice paradigm by choosing whether to jump off a plank. Participants completed a measure of suicide ideation before and after engaging in this VR scenario.
Results
Frequencies indicated that 40.1% of the sample endorsed having suicidal ideation, 22.1% had a past suicide attempt, and 15.2% (n = 22) chose to jump off the plank and engage in the virtual suicide choice paradigm. Results showed a reduction in acute suicidal ideation immediately after completing a virtual suicide choice paradigm., t(140) = 4.85, p < .001.
Conclusions
Results suggested that acute suicidal ideation decreased immediately after completing a virtual suicide choice paradigm. Additionally, VR may be a safe, ethical, and feasible laboratory-based method to assess suicide behaviors and underlying mechanisms of suicide risk in a controlled manner. Importantly, VR may allow researchers to explore novel ways to assess suicide and develop suicide-focused treatments that could decrease suicide risk. Important limitations to consider include that long-term effects of suicidal ideation were not assessed and sample generalizability.
Dietary assessments of Shanghai elite athletes using the Dietary Balance Index (DBI-16)
Authors: Xu Qian , Qiu Jun , Zhang Qiu-Ping , Chu Yu-Dan , Tian Hua-Jun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: Professional athletes' dietary assessments lack tools which are easy and effective to operate. This study's objectives were to evaluate the diet of elite athletes in Shanghai and improve the evaluation process and scoring criteria for the Dietary Balance Index (DBI) used to evaluate athletes’ diet.
Methods: A validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to examine the food intake of 101 athletes over the course of a year. The effectiveness of the DBI-16 used to analyze the athletes' dietary structure was determined by the efficacy of their actual dietary issues.
Results: The results demonstrate that the subjects' diet intake was typically insufficient. The diet quality distance (DQD) was “low imbalance”, high bound score（HBS）was “suitable” and the low bound score (LBS) was “low inadequate intake”. Red and products, poultry and game were overconsumed, whereas the subjects consumed insufficient amounts of vegetables, fruits, and soybeans. Gender differences were seen in both the HBS and DQD scores (p =0.034 and p =0.001, respectively). Male subjects were more likely than female subjects to score "at or near the recommended intake" and "above the appropriate range" for added sugars (p = 0.011). Egg and added sugar consumption differences by age were also found (p =0.01, p =0.003).
Conclusions: The DBI evaluation standards as they currently exist may reflect some of the issues with the subjects' food patterns. However, the evaluation of cereals and foods with added sugar may not be comprehensive, therefore additional study is needed to complement and modify it appropriately.