bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECTS OF SCENARIOS ON DECISION-MAKING QUALITY IN EARLY DESIGN – AN EMPIRICAL STUDY
Authors: Parolin Giácomo , McAloone Tim C. , Pigosso Daniela C. A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractScenario planning is often used in design practice to foster futures thinking, reduce uncertainties and improve decision-making. Scenarios are especially relevant for innovation activities in manufacturing companies, such as technology development, a particularly uncertain process where many trade-offs occur. This study is, to the authors knowledge, the first to empirically measure the effect of scenarios in decision-making quality, in the context of technology development. In a quasi-experiment, engineers from a manufacturing company and university students were independently asked to analyse a trade-off situation between environmental and financial aspects of a technology concept, with and without scenarios. The quality of decision-making quality for control and experiment groups was measured through a standardized questionnaire. The results show that scenarios had a positive impact in 6 of the 7 quality decision-making practices (QMDP), although the effect size is small. The results suggest that both expert and novice designers may benefit from using scenario planning when performing early-stage design activities by having awareness of the decision context, a more structured decision process, and clearer decision criteria.
THE HOTDOG MODEL – HOW TURN A TIER 1 AUTOMOTIVE COMPANY INTO AN AGILE ORGANIZATION
Authors: Atzberger Alexander , Dethloff Conny 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe more dynamic the markets become, i.e., the more surprises the markets have in store for companies, the more important it becomes for companies to react quickly to these changes in order to have market-driven and individual solutions. This is especially important for tier 1 suppliers, as competition is fierce and the customers, the OEMs, also have to adapt to the changing market and thus customer needs.In order to be best prepared for this, it is necessary to align one's own company in a flexible and responsive manner. In particular, the context-specific development and application of a framework as well as a model for the improvement of internal collaboration in companies is necessary.In this paper, exactly such a framework has been developed in several pilot projects within the framework of an agile transformation at a tier 1 supplier over a period of two years by means of participative action research.As a result, the conception and development of an individually scaled agile framework for a tier 1 supplier in the automotive industry, the AHEAD framework, is presented here. The Hotdog model is the central basis for the collaboration model, which is scalable to all company levels.
THE SHARING ECONOMY'S SUCCESS: ADVANTAGES, DRAWBACKS, AND APPLICATIONS
Authors: Simic Vedran , Liem André 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe emergence of intermediary platforms created networks that facilitate peer-to-peer interactions, as well as encourage the sharing of goods and services within the context of collaborative consumption and cost saving. This article sets out to inspect “why the sharing economy is so successful” and provide a critical viewpoint on the topic's essential ideas, while also taking a perspective on the advantages and disadvantages that affect the end users. A literature review paired with case studies of Airbnb, Uber, and other applications of the shared economy, looks upon how despite their rapid market growth in the past decade and public approval, such platforms caused disruptions to the markets they operate in. Results indicate that by being involved as a part of the collaborative consumption ecosystem, either as a provider or a user, the absence of personal ownership is key, while the utilisation of the product needs to be maximised to result in a pleasant experience. However, it is critical that the development of these platforms which thrive on connecting people stays closely monitored by regulatory bodies, and that the legislation needed for prevention of unethical practices follows quickly enough to ensure rightful operation.
THE T-SHAPED DESIGN ENGINEER – USING COHORTS TO EXPLORE HOW SKILLS PROFILES DIFFER THROUGH CAREER STAGES
Authors: Dekoninck Elies , Bridge Liam 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe T-Shaped designer has previously been identified as a design engineer with the desirable set of skills for a successful career. Twelve design engineers ranging from novice to expert, were interviewed to gain an understanding of their skill set, how it has evolved and how it needs to evolve in order to be futureproofed. With the use of qualitative, quantitative data and the development of a novel engineering skills profiling method, this paper found that 75% of design engineers did not exhibit a T-shaped skill profile, but a skill shape that has been termed ‘M-shaped’ or ‘Comb-shaped’. The majority of participants exhibited a great depth of specialist skills in multiple disciplines, not limited to their immediate field of work. All participants exhibited a wide knowledge of skills that allowed them to work across different disciplines, which included electronics, management or manufacturing, and so the wide vertical bar of the T-Shape design predicted by previous literature has been supported.
TOWARDS REMOTE CONTROL OF MANUFACTURING MACHINES THROUGH ROBOT VISION SENSORS
Authors: Halawi Ghoson Nourhan , Hakam Nisar , Shakeri Zohreh , Meyrueis Vincent , Loubère Stéphane , Benfriha Khaled 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe remote management of equipment is part of the functionalities granted by the design principles of Industry 4.0. However, some critical operations are managed by operators, machine setup and initialization serve as a significant illustration. Since the initialization is a repetitive task, industrial robots with a smart vision system can undertake these duties, enhancing the autonomy and flexibility of the manufacturing process. The smart vision system is considered essential for the implementation of several characteristics of Industry 4.0. This paper introduces a novel solution for controlling manufacturing machines using an embedded camera on the robot. This implementation requires the development of an interactive interface, designed in accordance with the supervision system known as Manufacturing Execution System. The framework is implemented inside a manufacturing cell, demonstrating a quick response time and an improvement between the cameras.
TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE LIFE CYCLES OF MAKING IN SMALL SCALE FABRICATION SPACES
Authors: Moore George Edward , Agogino Alice M. , Goucher-Lambert Kosa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSmall scale fabrication spaces have shown their potential to support our local supply chains during the collapse of many global supply chain networks at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. In anticipation of these spaces becoming more significant in local supply chains, it is increasingly important to reduce their environmental impacts. This work investigates the life cycle of small scale fabrication spaces by interviewing 18 participants from these spaces in the United States. Key insights from the interviews include the following: a) material selection, robust inventory management, and user support for material disposal are factors influencing optimal flow of materials and equipment through a fabrication space; b) lack of information from manufacturers and suppliers is a critical obstacle to achieve optimal use of materials and equipment, and informed decision making related to environmental sustainability and ethical labor practices; c) there are opportunities to take advantage of where financial and sustainability goals align; d) individual motivators for fabrication influences sustainable behaviors; and e) effective education about material and equipment use helps fabrication space users with more sustainable decision making.
TURBOMACHINERY DESIGN: CHECKING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS SUITABILITY FOR DESIGN AUTOMATION
Authors: Batini Niccolo' , Becattini Niccolo , Cascini Gaetano 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper explores the suitability of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) as an enabler of Design Automation in the turbomachinery industry. Specifically, the paper provides 1) a preliminary estimation of the effectiveness of ANNs to define values for design variables of reciprocating compressors (RC) and 2) a comparison of ANNs performance with traditional and more computationally demanding methods like CFD. A tailored ANN trained on a dataset composed by 350+ Baker Hughes’ RC automatically assigns values to 8 geometrical variables belonging to multiple parts of the RC in order to satisfy two target conditions linked to their thermodynamic performance. The results highlight that the ANN-assigned parameters return an optimal solution for RC also when the target values do not belong to the training dataset. Their predictive capacity for RC thermodynamic performance, with respect to CFD, are comparable (i.e. less than 2% in terms of calculated absorbed power) and the approach enables a significant gain in terms of computational time (i.e. 2 minutes vs 10 hours). Future perspectives of this work may involve the integration of this tool in an advanced DA method to lead Design Engineers (DEs) during the whole design process.
UNDERSTANDING THE CHALLENGES AROUND DESIGN ACTIVITIES THAT INCORPORATE BEHAVIORAL DATA
Authors: Gomez Ortega Alejandra , Bourgeois Jacky , Kortuem Gerd 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRecently, methods and approaches such as Participatory Data Analysis, Data-Enabled Design, and Contextual Inquiry have highlighted how design activities can benefit from behavioral data. This data offers new ways to learn from what people do and how they do it, across time and space. However, behavioral data introduces changes and frictions to design activities and poses several challenges for designers to overcome. In this paper, we conduct two workshops with 18 expert designers, from industry and academia, to understand the nature of these challenges, beyond the technical aspects. We contribute by underlining the challenges and opportunities of incorporating behavioral data into design activities; including a design perspective on data, interacting with participants, and interacting with regulatory bodies. We translate our findings into opportunities for a better alignment between regulatory bodies, designers, and participants. We propose to harness the iterative nature of design activities and embedded it into a process that allows for continuous reflection, reassessment, and review of highly dynamic datasets.
USING DESIGN METHODS TO EXPLORE THE CONTEXT OF COMPLEX BEHAVIORAL DESIGN PROBLEMS IN THE EARLY STAGES OF BEHAVIOURAL DESIGN
Authors: Falcão Duarte Carolina , Daalhuizen Jaap 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBehavioural design has been gaining momentum to address critical societal challenges such as elderly care. At the same time, it struggles to deal with complex challenges and integrate multiple contextual factors' influence in domains like healthcare. Behavioural design processes lack guidance on how to prevent this and instead define problems that are ecologically valid. Conventional design methods do guide designers to do this. Thus there is a need to investigate how design methods can support behavioural designers to explore the context and integrate multiple perspectives on the problem, resulting in context-sensitive problem definitions. To respond to this need, we present a case where designers used a combination of design methods to investigate the complex context of hygiene in nursing homes. We show how combining different design methods supported the designers in advancing their understanding of a complex context and the problematic behaviours that occurred in it. We conclude by discussing the importance of using design methods to reveal important insights at the early stages of the behavioural design process.
A QUALITATIVE INVESTIGATION OF STUDENTS’ DESIGN EXPERIENCES IN A WORK-INTEGRATED LEARNING SETTING
Authors: Nickel Jordan , Rennick Chris , Litster Gregory , Hulls Carol C.W. , Hurst Ada 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWork-integrated learning (WIL) – a pedagogy that integrates academic studies with workplace experiences – presents an excellent opportunity for students to “deliberately practice” their design skills. To date there has been little investigation into the effect(s) of WIL experiences on developing novice designers’ design skills.We performed a series of longitudinal interview case studies following three engineering students through the course of a 4-month work term. Interviews were semi-structured to gather rich contextual descriptions of participant experiences designing in WIL settings. Transcripts were analysed using an iterative thematic analysis approach.Results indicate specific areas where WIL helps develop novice designers’ engineering design skills and mindsets beyond their early experiences in the engineering classroom. These include their experiences interacting with clients/users, the importance of project transition considerations, resource coordination, teamwork/collaboration, and the design process. We discuss how the structure of design tasks and their environment differ from the classroom experience, highlighting how WIL can supplement traditional design education.
VR OR NOT? INVESTIGATING INTERFACE TYPE AND USER STRATEGIES FOR INTERACTIVE DESIGN SPACE EXPLORATION
Authors: Nandy Ananya , Smith James , Jennings Nicholas , Kuniavsky Mike , Hartmann Bjoern , Goucher-Lambert Kosa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractComputational design tools allow the generation of vast numbers of possible designs, entrusting the human designer with describing constraints or specifications to guide exploration of the design space. Designers can have many different decision considerations when conducting this type of exploration, including form, function, users, or context. In this work, we investigate strategies that emerge when people are tasked with exploring a large design space within either a non-immersive (2D) or immersive (VR) interface and equipped with action-based interactions to set or envision specifications related to their considerations. Results from a 28 participant user study uncovers that people have varying strategies to enact their decision considerations that are not unique to the type of interface. However, the interfaces differ in perceptions of enabling breadth or depth of exploration holistically, with preference towards 2D interfaces to compare options, and VR to understand single designs. These results have implications for the user experience of systems that allow designers to explore the outputs of large design spaces, both at the interaction and interface levels.
WHAT DO AN ANAESTHESIOLOGIST, A NURSE, TWO DESIGNERS, AND A PROFESSOR IN ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGY DO TOGETHER IN A ROOM? CRAFTING INTERDISCIPLINARITY AS RESPONSE TO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Authors: Nigra Marianna , Silenzi Anna , Di Marco Michele 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe health sector in the humanitarian context is currently experiencing great pressure in delivering adequate care, due to a number of increasing emerging diseases. The World Health Organization (2022) reports that: '…since 2011, there have been more than 1200 outbreaks of epidemic-prone diseases in 188 countries around the world, causing widespread death and suffering…’. A key factor that can contribute to ensure high quality care is the possibility to rely on adequate infrastructure and products. This paper presents the interdisciplinary methodology deployed to design and develop an innovative infectious diseases treatment module that could be deployed and utilised in the very first phases of health emergencies. The methodology proposed is organised around a three-level approach to ensure both core disciplinary solidity, and holistic understanding of the complexity of the challenge. The contribution of this work is the definition of key aspects in the proposed methodology that can help overcome difficulties in delivering high quality interdisciplinary research and work, as well as highlighting behavioural patterns that can ensure successful delivery of innovative products and facilities for the humanitarian health sector.
A REVIEW ON REAL VEHICLE USAGE MODELLING OF DRIVERLESS MULTIPURPOSE VEHICLES IN VEHICLE ROUTING PROBLEMS
Authors: Andreolli Raphael , Nybacka Mikael , O'Reilly Ciarán J. , Jenelius Erik , Falkgrim Eric 
Published: June 2023

AbstractReal vehicle usage rarely matches the predictions made during early phases of vehicle development and sales processes at commercial road vehicle manufacturers. The automotive industry needs multidisciplinary vehicle design methods to predict real-world vehicle operations by considering the vehicle level and the transport system level simultaneously, in a more holistic approach. The aim of this study was to analyse how realistic vehicle usage of driverless multipurpose vehicles can be modelled in Vehicle Routing Problems (VRPs) by conducting a systematic literature review. We found that real vehicle usage modelling of driverless multipurpose vehicles in VRPs mainly depended on the following elements: VRP variant, energy consumption model, energy consumption rate class, number of vehicle-specific design variables and transport system-level factors. Furthermore, we identified in the literature five classes of energy consumption rate edge behaviour in VRPs. These findings can support decision-making in the modelling process to select the most suitable combination of elements, and their level of detail for the overall modelling aim and purpose.
ADAPTING A DASHBOARD-BASED APPROACH FOR FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS TO CIRCULAR PSS BUSINESS MODELS
Authors: Mahl Tobias , Petry Michelle , Köhler Christian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSustainability and circular economy are currently some of the strongest trends in industry as well as in politics. They are seen as the best chance to tackle emissions, pollution and climate change while maintaining the prosperity of society. Product-Service System (PSS) business models are seen as an enabler of the circular economy. However, the development of such business models is a major challenge, especially for SMEs. Therefore, there is a need for support through a methodical approach in the development and decision-making. This paper combines and extends an existing approach for assessing the feasibility of PSS-driven business models and a decision-support matrix for recirculation strategies to provide support to practitioners in the early development phases of circular PSS business models. The existing approach for feasibility analysis was focused on PSS only. To include the perspective of circularity and sustainability a systematic literature review was conducted to identify necessary criteria. Combined with the decision-support matrix the improved method aims to be a lean method to support feasibility analysis and decision-making in circular PSS business model development.
ADJUSTING SCALED AGILE FOR SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
Authors: Drutchas Jake Farlon , Eppinger Steven 
Published: June 2023

AbstractScaled agile development of large systems has primarily followed the approach used in traditional systems engineering – system decomposition and static teams assigned to subsystems. However, this arrangement may result in an inefficient allocation of resources and uneven progress. This paper presents an alternative approach in which problem-based decomposition replaces system-architecture-based decomposition, and resources are flexibly allocated to problems for each sprint using ad hoc teams. Using a field study approach, we examine a mechatronic system development project utilizing these agile adjustments and discuss situations in which these methods may be successfully utilized in other projects and organizations.
AI VS. HUMAN: THE PUBLIC'S PERCEPTIONS OF THE DESIGN ABILITIES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Authors: Chong Leah , Yang Maria 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWith the increasing implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in the design process, it is crucial to understand how users will accept AI-designed products. This work studies how the public currently perceives an AI's design capability as compared to a human designer's capability by conducting an online survey of 205 people via Amazon Mechanical Turk. The survey collects the respondents' perception on 16 specific bicycle design goals, demographic information, and self-reported level of design and AI/ML knowledge. Findings reveal that people think an AI would perform worse than a human designer on most design goals, particularly the goals that are user-dependent. This work also shows that the higher people's self-reported level of knowledge in design and the older they are, the more likely they are to think an AI's design capability would exceed a human designer's capability. The insights from this work add to the understanding of user acceptance of AI-designed products, as well as human designers' acceptance of AI input in human-AI teams.
AN EXPLORATION OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES IN MULTIDISCIPLINARY SERVICE DESIGN ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Mirafzal MohammadReza , Wadhera Piyush , Stal-Le Cardinal Julie 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study aims at revising the history of knowledge management in service design organizations to discover what sources, technologies, tools, and users have been used and how knowledge management may thus help to improve consultants’ performance. Also, this study sheds light on the importance of decomposing knowledge (knowledge-leveling being said in this article) before tackling knowledge management. Moreover, this study provides a real case study investigation of knowledge management in a service design organization. Through this investigation, the authors propose their knowledge-leveling classification model and how knowledge management activities satisfy each class. Thus, the authors showcase the essentiality of knowledge leveling in knowledge management.
AN INSTINCT APPROACH TO DESIGN
Authors: Fukuda Shuichi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe word “Design” is used in many ways. But most of them consider it from the standpoint of artificial or man-made. In other words, as “Human Intelligence”, But we should remember we are born to “Design”. That is “Instinct”. We are born with instinct to survive. “Instint” is “Natural Intelligence”. “Instinct” plays an important role for making decisions. In decision making, we need to prioritze them. If the first one fails to satisfy our expectation, we take the next one. But our world is increasing complexity and complicatedness, and our bodies and movements are different from person to person. To cope with such increasing diversification, “Instinct” is calling for support. Therefore,Mahalanobis Distance-Pattern (MDP) approach is proposed in this paper as one of the tools to support our “Instinct”. MDP combines ordinal Mahalanobis Distance and pattern which is a non-verbal communication tool.