bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social entrepreneurship: concepts and signs
Authors: Byelov D. , Bielova M. , Palapa B. 
Published: March 2023

The article is devoted to social entrepreneurship, i.e. entrepreneurial activity aimed at positive innovative changes in society, namely, mitigating or solving social problems at the expense of income received from one’s own activity. In Ukraine, a separate organizational and legal form is not provided for the implementation of a social enterprise. That is, you can organize a social enterprise in any convenient of various forms (civil society organizations, business entities, etc.), with a wide choice of available taxation regimes. Social enterprises are designed to meet the needs of community members that the public sector cannot meet, and the private sector ignores. This is precisely the niche for the activity of social enterprises. Local communities are the main beneficiaries of the development of social entrepreneurship. Social entrepreneurship helps to provide public services in a new way and meet the needs of the community; create jobs; enrich the professional experience of people working in social enterprises for further employment under modern market conditions; to develop communities by involving them in public life socially vulnerable and marginalized population groups, providing their members with work; to expand the activity of citizens who can independently solve their problems and take responsibility for their lives; increase attention to socially disadvantaged population groups, not so much by providing them with charitable assistance, but by providing them with useful socially significant work; revive rural and urban areas and improve their social infrastructure, etc.
It is indicated that social entrepreneurship plays an important role in the mechanism of realization of constitutional rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen, in particular, the right to work, to a sufficient standard of living, to equality, to social protection of a new format. In this case, we believe that the concept of social protection should be interpreted broadly, go beyond exclusively state obligations (pensions, other social benefits), and include a model of responsible entrepreneurship. It can be argued that social entrepreneurship is an important step towards the departure from collectivism and the transition to individualism, where legal entities and natural persons-entrepreneurs create decent conditions for the life of socially vulnerable segmentsof the population through their activities on their own initiative.
State protection of family rights of internally displaced persons
Authors: Mendzhul M. 
Published: March 2023

The protracted war in Ukraine and the full-scale invasion led to an increase in the number of refugees from Ukraine and internally displaced persons in the middle of the country, actualizing the issue of protecting their rights. That is why this article analyzes the mechanism of state protection of family rights of internally displaced persons. It is clarified how the mechanism of state protection of the family functions during the war. It is substantiated that the basis of the mechanism of state protection of family rights is the principle of state protection of the family. The provisions of international acts, the Constitution of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine "On Ensuring the Rights and Freedoms of Internally Displaced Persons", as well as norms of family legislation, were studied.
The differences between the concepts of "protection" and "protection" are analyzed. It is emphasized that the mechanism of state protection of the family rights of internally displaced persons includes legal norms that provide for various tools for ensuring and protecting rights, as well as positive obligations of the state. The approach of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, formed during the war, regarding the understanding of social protection and protection of the family, childhood and motherhood (parenthood) is clarified.
It was noted that the number of orphans and children abandoned by their parents increased during the war, therefore the system of legal guarantees for the placement of such children in such forms, which are closest to family ones, is of great importance.
It is proved that the mechanism of state protection of family rights of internally displaced persons is based on the general principle of state protection of the family and includes legal, institutional, procedural, financial and informational tools. It is substantiated that the project of the State Policy Strategy on Internal Displacement for the period until 2025 contains a limited approach to guaranteeing the family rights of IDPs. First of all, the principles must be supplemented with the principle of the best interests of the child, and the list of measures must guarantee the right of every family member who is an IDP to information about missing relatives.
Information culture as a component of the formation of state policy in the field of vocational pre-higher education
Authors: Novytskа N. , Novytskiy A. , Pryimachenko D. 
Published: March 2023

The current stage of development of social relations is characterized by rapid activation of digital (information) technologies. The intensive progress of science and technological progress have become the main features of modern society. The use of digital technologies gave impetus to the processes of transformation in society - the informational transformation of social relations, which is expressed in the application of modern digital technologies in various spheres of human activity. Education acquires new features and a new meaning in the information society.
It was noted that the prospects of future use by specialists of the possibilities of informatization, the possibility of online communication, the use of automated search and reference legal systems and electronic databases of legal information call for the need to study information culture as a component of state policy in the field of vocational pre-university education.
The article is devoted to highlighting those changes that form new relations in society, and shows the importance of the formation of information culture and its influence on the implementation of state policy in the field of vocational pre-higher education.
It is emphasized that the successful performance of tasks in any field of production also depends on the information culture of specialists, which consists in the knowledge and ability to use the entire set of legal means of working with information during the performance of official duties within the limits of competence established by law and other legal acts . It was established that today a manager, a high-level specialist, is obliged to work with a computer, use the capabilities of information systems and work with large amounts of information.
It is suggested that, in the implementation of state policy in the field of vocational pre-higher education, serious attention should be paid to the formation of information culture. In addition, during the training of specialists in vocational higher education institutions, one of the mandatory disciplines should be "Information culture".
Legal education in the activities of the free legal assistance system
Authors: Rogozinnikova K. 
Published: March 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of legal education as one of the activities of the free legal aid system. It was established that the tasks performed by subjects of free legal aid include the actual provision of various types of legal services within the limits of primary and secondary legal aid, as well as legal education. The type of services provided depends on the needs of the applicant, his legal and property status.
It was determined that the main goal of the system of free legal aid is the protection of human rights, which is carried out precisely by ensuring access, free and equal for all, to legal information and justice, strengthening the legal capacity of socially vulnerable groups, territorial communities and communities. It is proposed to consider legal education as a system of measures aimed at raising the level of legal consciousness and culture, forming individuals educated in the legal aspect, fostering respect for human rights and intolerance to their violations.
Some legal educational activities conducted by free legal aid centers were analyzed. It has been established that thanks to the legal education activities of the free legal aid system, more and more people are becoming interested in their rights and applying for free legal aid. In addition, the importance of legal educational activities of the system of free legal aid is confirmed by the following facts: first, it determines the general level of legal culture, since the more people know about their rights and coordinate their behavior with the norms of the law, the higher the level of legal culture of society; secondly, it forms general law-abidingness among citizens of the entire country and covers various age and professional groups of the population; thirdly, it contributes to the establishment of intolerance in society to the violation of rights and corruption as negative phenomena; fourth, the system of free legal aid adapts to today's challenges and informs the most vulnerable groups (for example, military personnel, internally displaced persons, etc.) about their rights and opportunities, and thus contributes to the establishment of the principle of the rule of law in the state.
Epistemology of the genesis and evolution of new, fourth and fifth generations of human rights
Authors: Turyanytsia V. 
Published: March 2023

Considering today's processes of civilizational development of mankind and the obstacles that stand in the way of its further evolution, this research has a purely close connection and complementarity with the integration of sciences (scientific-theoretical and methodological justification) and practice (introduction and realization of components of new generations ).
The author of the study makes an emphasis, namely: when solving this problem, a comprehensive approach is necessary, where in the process of historical development of human civilization, human rights and freedoms, there must always be a person. It is the epicenter of consideration of problems, and therefore the analysis is carried out and revealed in the plane of anthropocentrism: the place and role of man in the system "Man - society - state" and the development of civilizational processes on the planet.
The scientist reveals the essence of the problem, the state of its research and draws conclusions against the background of globalization processes. And relations between the states of the world, as we have already noted, scientific and technical progress in various areas of social life also require new legal relations in order to provide humanity with legal norms for solving problems that have arisen at the modern stage of civilizational processes.
The process of the evolution of rights takes place in accordance with the multifaceted development of human civilization and is an integral priority of the protection of a person as the highest social value - the creator of material and spiritual goods and values, and as a subject of legal protection. Human rights are expanding, their content and scope are being improved in accordance with modern needs and with the aim of realizing the concept of social justice.
The concept of rights is developing, supplemented with new components, because the dynamics of life puts forward new and new requirements for ensuring human rights and freedoms in the 21st and following centuries.
The researcher convincingly proves that the realization of the rights of the fourth generation proves that their moral and ethical aspects have already passed and will pass into the problems of the fifth generation, which will also need to be solved in an integrated manner. She notes that it will be difficult to find simple solutions right away.
The researcher indicates ways to solve the problems that arise during the formation of the components of the fifth generation of rights.
The scientist makes well-founded conclusions based on the cause-and-effect relationship - factors resulting in the formation of the fourth and fifth generation of human rights. Chief among them are globalization processes of transformation, scientific and technological progress, and others. At the same time, the theoretical and methodological foundations of philosophy, law, religious canons, moral and cultural traditions, the progress of human civilization and their implementation in practice are taken into account.
Aspects Concerning the Battle of Baia (1467) and the Wound of King Matthias Corvin. On the Controversy in the Chronicles of the Times and on a Less Known Surgical Intervention
Authors: Bichicean Gheorghe 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The wounding of the Hungarian king Matthias Corvinus in the battle of Baia with Stephen the Great, in 1467, is known and true. The issues that need to be clarified and that we proposed in this study, concern the weapon(s) that caused the king’s wound during the Battle of Baia; if there were arrows, how many arrows struck the king’s body; what parts of the body were pierced by the arrow(s); how did Matia Corvin’s wound heal: naturally or through the intervention of a surgeon? All this has given rise to some controversies, which we would like to analyze from the most important known sources.
Modern Religious Movements on Romanian Territory Can Evangelical Cults in Romania Historically be Seen as NeoProtestant?
Authors: Cristian Vlad Bogdan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In order to define the new religious movements on Romanian territory beginning in the 19th century, the following terms need to be explained: sect Church, Evangelical Church, and Neo-Protestant Church.
First, the term ‘sect’ has negative connotations, and it is being used more and more seldom after the Communist era. Second, the term ‘Evangelical’ is currently more accepted even by historians (such as Dorin Dobrincu) but it still can be confusing because it refers to German Lutherans. Finally, the term ‘Neo-Protestant’ is problematic because it can lead to confusion about modern Lutheran Protestantism, which is called in German Neoprotestantismus.
This work uses the term ‘Neo-Protestant’ as it will be shown that these cults have a historical sustainability of classical Protestantism bringing new aspects but still respecting the same frame, the same matrix.
Iosif Patriciu and the School Inspection in Moldavia (Mid Nineteenth Century)
Authors: Rados Maria 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper takes on the role of reconstructing Iosif Patriciu’s case during his mandate as the deputy general inspector of schools from Moldavia (autumn 1851-summer 1852). Overlooked by literature, he quickly arose, becoming a Latin, Arithmetics, and History teacher at the Codreanu School in Barlad by passing the exam, in October 1846, and later, the director of Internat in Iaşi and a member & secretary for the School Council. As a deputy general inspector of schools, he proved to be a striking opponent for all the teachers who made a habit out of skipping classes or treated their job superficially, as mentioned in the reports sent by the Department of Education (Departamentul Învăţăturilor Publice). He proposed solutions to lower the high rate of pupil absenteism with the School Council, using German law as a reference. Iosif Patriciu had to manage a challenging collaboration with the Department’s director, Grigore Cuza, because of misunderstandings while enforcing new curriculum in primary and secondary classes. His mandate ended when the new inspector general of schools, August Treboniu Laurian, arrived in Iaşi, with whom he will have worked closely until the beginning of 1858.
Noncoding RNAs in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Liu Zhenjie , Liu Dongwei , Yang Yuanyuan , Liu Zhangsuo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major microvascular complication in diabetic patients. It has become the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in individuals living in urban areas undergoing dialysis. DN diagnosis primarily depends on the course of diabetes and the detection of albuminuria. However, the onset of DN is obscure, and many patients have already developed ESRD when they are diagnosed with DN. Hence, early diagnosis of DN progression and early interventional strategies are essential. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a class of RNA transcripts that are transcribed from DNA but are not translated into proteins. They play an important role in regulating gene expression and protein synthesis. Several studies have demonstrated that ncRNAs are abundantly present in the blood, urine, and tissues and have the potential to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of DN. This review focuses on the role of microRNAs, long ncRNAs, and circular RNAs in DN and their potential value as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
The histologic disorders and underlying mechanisms of podocytes during diabetes
Authors: Qian Shirui , Su Hua , Zhang Chun 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), one of the most common chronic microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus (DM), is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. The proteinuria in DKD is tightly related to dysmorphology of podocytes including hypertrophy, foot process widening along with its effacement, and ultimately the loss of podocytes. The maintenance of a normal slit diaphragm, actin cytoskeleton, electric charge of the podocyte, and the interplay between podocyte and glomerular basement membrane (GBM) is essential for the podocyte process’s morphology. And the mitotic catastrophe (MC), epithelial-mesenchymal transition, detachment, and apoptosis of podocyte account for the decreased density of podocytes in DKD. From the angle of signaling pathway, several routes including the renin-angiotensin system, insulin signaling, cyclooxygenases (COX) and prostanoids, and notch signaling are proven to play critical roles in podocyte disorders. In this review, we highlight the main histologic abnormalities of podocytes in DKD and focus on their underlying mechanisms.
SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI BENTONIT-ZnO SERTA PEMANFAATANNYA DALAM DEGRADASI LIMBAH INDUSTRI PENCELUPAN
Authors: Suprihatin I. E. , Dewi N. W. S. P. , Suarsa I W. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRAK

Limbah yang dihasilkan dari industri tekstil berupa limbah cair yang keruh, berwarna dan sulit dihilangkan sehingga dapat mengganggu ekosistem perairan. Limbah hasil pencelupan dapat mencemari lingkungan karena menggunakan zat warna azo yang sulit untuk didegradasi. Salah satu metode yang dapat diaplikasikan untuk mengatasi ini adalah fotodegradasi. Dalam artikel ini dilaporkan sintesis fotokatalis bentonite-ZnO dan aplikasinya dalam fotodegradasi zat warna dalam limbah pencelupan. Karakterisasi fotokatalis dilakukan dengan melihat kristalinitas kompositnya menggunakan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), luas permukaannya dengan metode methylene blue serta penentuan efektivitas degradasi dengan dan tanpa sinar. Difraktogram yang dihasilkan menunjukkan beberapa puncak dengan intensitas tinggi: pada 2? = 20,51° (d=4,32Å) yang menunjukkan adanya mineral kuarsa sedangkan pada 2? = 26,28° (d=3,39Å) mengindikasikan illit. Puncak khas dari ZnO ditunjukkan pada pola difraksi 2? = 36,18° (d=2,46Å) dan 2? = 59,64° (d=1,54Å). Luas permukaan bentonit dan bentonit-ZnO berturut-turut 183,0665 dan 180,2460 m2/g. Kondisi optimum yang diperoleh dalam mendegradasi zat warna limbah industri pencelupan yaitu massa 100 mg pada pH 2 dan waktu irradiasi atau pengadukan dalam gelap selama 45 menit. Degradasi dengan sinar lebih efektif (95,66 ± 0,16%) dibandingkan tanpa sinar (73,28 ± 0,55%) yang menunjukkan peran komposit bentonite-ZnO sebagai fotokatalis.

Kata kunci: Bentonit-ZnO, Fotodegradasi, Limbah Industri Pencelupan

ABSTRACT

Liquid waste generated by the textile industry is typically murky, intensely coloured, and hard to treat. As a consequence, it can pollute the aquatic ecosystem. One potential method to overcome this problem is photodegradation to break the dye molecules down. In this paper the synthesis of bentonite-ZnO composite and its application as a photocatalyst are reported. The composite was prepared by sonicating a mixture of zinc acetate and bentonite. The characterization of the composite was conducted using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and methylene blue method to determine its surface area, and its degradation capacity as photocatalyst to degrade the dye waste. The diffractogram reveals several peaks with high intensity, i.e. at 2? = 20,51° (d = 4,32Å) indicating mineral quartz, and at 2? = 26,28° (d = 3,39Å) showing Illite. The identifying peaks of the ZnO are in the diffraction pattern of 2? of 36,18° (d = 2,46Å) and 59,64° (d = 1,54Å). The surface area of the bentonite and bentonite-ZnO are 183,0665 and 180,260 m2/g respectively. The optimum conditions obtained for the dye degradation are 100 mg photocatalyst at pH 2 and irradiation time of 45 minutes. Degradation under UV light is more effective with a degradation percentage of 95,66 ± 0,16% than that in the dark, which is 73,28 ± 0,55%. This shows that the composite plays its role as a photocatalyst for the degradation.

Keywords: Bentonite-ZnO, Dyeing Industrial Waste, Photodegradation.
AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDANT DAN ANTIBAKTERI (Staphylococus epidermidis) EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH RENGGAK (Amomum dealbatum ) TANAMAN KHAS LOMBOK
Authors: Azim M. , Hariadi P. , Yuliana T. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRAK

Renggak (Amomum dealbatum Roxb) merupakan tanaman merumpun yang masih jarang dieksplorasi serta masih jarang digali aktivitasnya. Tanaman yang masih tergolong sebagai famili zingiberaceae ini memungkinkan dapat digali sebagai antioksidan dan antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi aktivitas antibakteri dan antioksidan dari ekstrak kulit renggak serta analisis fitokimia dari tanaman tersebut. Ekstraki dilakukan menggunakan pelarut metanol sementara aktivitas antioksidan dianalisis dengan metode DPPH secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Uji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap ekstraknya dilakukan terhadap Staphylococus epidermidis dengan metode sumuran difusi agar dengan media Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA). Hasil analisis antibakteri didapatkan zona hambat terbaik dengan konsentrasi 50% sebesar 17,65 mm sebagai konsentrasi terbaik. Sedangkan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak kulit renggak menunjukkan nilai IC50 sebesar 244,904 µg/ml. . Hasil analisis fitokimia dari ekstrak kulit renggak mengandung, alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin dan tannin. Renggak masih perlu dieksplorasi lebih dalam lagi termasuk isolasi senyawa yang berperan sebagai antibakteri dan antioksidan.

Kata kunci: amomum dealbatum roxb, antibakteri, antioksidan, ekstrak kulit renggak.

ABSTRACT

Renggak (Amomum dealbatum Roxb) is a clump plant rarely explored of their activities. This plant, classified as the Zingiberaceae family, allows it to be explored as an antioxidant and antibacterial. The purpose of this research was to explore the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of the peel extract of renggak as well as the phytochemical analysis of the extract. Extraction was carried out using metanol as the solvent while antioxidant activity was analyzed by qualitative and quantitative DPPH method. The antibacterial activity test of the extract was investigated on Staphylococcus epidermidis using the agar diffusion well method with Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) media. The results of antibacterial analysis obtained 17.65 mm of the inhibition zone with optimum concentration of 50%. While the antioxidant activity of the peel extract of renggak showed IC50 value of 244.904 µg/ml. The results of the phytochemical analysis contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins. Renggak still needs to be explored further, including the isolation of compounds that act as antibacterial and antioxidant.

Keywords: amomum dealbatum roxb, antibacterial, antioxidant, peel extract of renggak.