bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in land use and management led to a decline in Eastern Europe’s terrestrial carbon sink
Authors: Winkler Karina , Yang Hui , Ganzenmüller Raphael , Fuchs Richard , Ceccherini Guido , Duveiller Grégory , Grassi Giacomo , Pongratz Julia , Bastos Ana , Shvidenko Anatoly , Araza Arnan , Herold Martin , Wigneron Jean-Pierre , Ciais Philippe 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLand-based mitigation is essential in reducing net carbon emissions. Yet, the attribution of carbon fluxes remains highly uncertain, in particular for the forest-rich region of Eastern Europe (incl. Western Russia). Here we integrate various data sources to show that Eastern Europe accounted for an above-ground biomass carbon sink of ~0.41 gigatons of carbon per year over the period 2010–2019, that is 78% of the entire European carbon sink. We find that this carbon sink is declining, mainly driven by changes in land use and land management, but also by increasing natural disturbances. Based on a random forest model, we show that land use and management changes are main drivers of the declining carbon sink in Eastern Europe, although soil moisture variability is also important. Specifically, the saturation effect of tree regrowth in abandoned agricultural areas, combined with increasing wood harvest removals, particularly in European Russia, contributed to the decrease in the Eastern European carbon sink.
A power quality‐based planning framework for flicker minimization of wind turbines in distribution network
Authors: Ghaffari Abolfazl , Askarzadeh Alireza , Fadaeinedjad Roohollah , Moschopoulos Gerry 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRenewable energy penetration in distribution networks, especially wind turbines (WTs) and photovoltaics (PVs), leads to an increase in power quality disturbances. One of the most important power quality issues is flicker produced by WTs. Here, to mitigate the flicker produced by WTs, distribution network planning (DNP) problem is solved concerning flicker minimization. For this aim, a weighted objective function is defined in which in addition to power losses, flicker emission is also considered. In the planning problem, siting and sizing of WTs as well as siting of PVs are investigated to simultaneously minimize power losses and flicker emission. Owing to the difficulty of this optimization problem, a new variant of genetic algorithm (GA), named elitist‐based GA (EGA), is proposed whose crossover operator works based on the elite chromosome. This variant provides a promising way to efficiently use information from the best solution to generate new solutions. Simulation results show that optimal siting and sizing of WTs can considerably improve the network parameters in terms of power losses and flicker emission. Moreover, simulation results show the efficiency and effectiveness of EGA compared to the other studied techniques.
Photometric determination of rotation axis inclination, rotation rate, and mass of rapidly rotating intermediate-mass stars
Authors: Lazzarotto Axel , Hui-Bon-Hoa Alain , Rieutord Michel 
Published: July 2023

Context.Intermediate-mass stars are often fast rotators, and hence are centrifugally flattened and notably affected by gravity darkening. To analyse this kind of stars properly, one must resort to 2D models to compute the visible radiative flux and to take the geometrical effect of the star inclination into account.Aims.Assuming a given stellar age and chemical composition, our aim is to derive the mass and rotation rates of main sequence fast rotating stars, along with their inclination, from photometric quantities influenced by gravity darkening.Methods.We chose three observables that vary with mass, rotation, and inclination: the temperature derived by the infrared flux methodTIRFM, the Strömgrenc1index, and a second indexc2built in the same way as thec1index, but sensitive to the UV side of the Balmer jump. These observables are computed from synthetic spectra produced with the PHOENIX code and rely on a 2D stellar structure from the ESTER code. These quantities are computed for a grid of models in the range 2–7M⊙, and rotation rates from 30% to 80% of the critical rate. Then, for any triplet (TIRFM,c1,c2), we try to retrieve the mass, rotation rate, and inclination using a Levenberg-Marquardt scheme, after a selection step to find the most suitable starting models.Results.Hare-and-hound tests showed that our algorithm can recover the mass, rotation rate, and inclination with a good accuracy. The difference between input and retrieved parameters is negligible for models lying on the grid and is less than a few percent otherwise. An application to the real case of Vega showed that theufilter is located in a spectral region where the modelled and observed spectra are discrepant, and led us to define a new filter. Using this new filter and subsequent index, the Vega parameters are also retrieved with satisfactory accuracy.Conclusions.This work opens the possibility to determine the fundamental parameters of rapidly rotating early-type stars from photometric space observations.
Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeries on the Female Genitalia. Guideline of the DGGG, DGPRÄC, OEGGG and SGGG (S2k-Level, AWMF Registry No. 009/019, May
2022)
Authors: Beckmann Matthias W. , Borkenhagen Ada , Fahlbusch Christine , Gold Daniela , Hoffmann Juergen , Löhrs Bettina , Luze Hanna , Mirastschijski Ursula , OʼDey Dan M. , Pöschke Patrik , Remmel Eugenia , Schaefer Dirk , Schulmeyer Carla E. , Schuster Tobias , Sohn Michael , von Fritschen Uwe , Beier Justus P. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Aim This official guideline was coordinated and published by the German Society for Gynaecology and Obstetrics (DGGG), the German Society for Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic
Surgery (DGPRÄC), the Austrian Society for Gynaecology and Obstetrics (OEGGG), and the Swiss Society for Gynaecology and Obstetrics (SGGG). The guideline aims to provide a consensus-based
overview of reconstructive and aesthetic surgeries on female genitalia based on an evaluation of the relevant literature.
Methods This S2k-guideline was developed by representative members from different medical professions on behalf of the guidelines commission of the DGGG, DGPRÄC, OEGGG and SGGG using
a structured consensus process.
Recommendations Statements and recommendations on the epidemiology, aetiology, classification, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of acquired changes of the external genitalia are
presented and special situations are discussed.
Amplification of Heart Sounds Using Digital Stethoscope in Simulation-Based Neonatal Resuscitation
Authors: Das Anirudha , Adams Kim , Stoicoiu Shelagh , Kunhiabdullah Shafeeque , Mathew Ajith 
Published: July 2023

Objective The accuracy, timeliness, and reliability of the current methods of heart rate (HR) determination in neonatal resuscitation are debatable, each having its own limitations. We aim to compare three methods of HR assessment: (1) traditional stethoscope, (2) electrocardiogram and traditional stethoscope, and (3) digital stethoscope with loudspeaker amplification of heart sounds.
Study Design This was a simulated crossover experiment using a high-fidelity manikin. Each team with a physician, a nurse, and a respiratory therapist performed the resuscitations using the three methods (three different scenarios) in different order. The person controlling the HR via manikin controller was blinded, but the single recorder and the providers were not.
Results Eighteen resuscitations were completed (six teams of three methods each). The time to first HR recording (p < 0.001), total number of HR recorded (p < 0.001), and time to recognize dips in HR was significantly improved in the digital stethoscope group (p = 0.009).
Conclusion Use of digital stethoscope with amplification improved documentation of HR and earlier recognition of HR changes.
Key Points
Meaning patterns of the NP de VP construction in modern Chinese: approaches of covarying collexeme analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis
Authors: Zhou Jiangping 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe NP de VP construction in modern Chinese has been of constant interest to theoretical linguists. Previous studies foregrounded word classes of lexical items in the VP slot, semantic relationships between the VP and the NP, and lexical items that could fill both the VP and the NP slots of the construction. However, in this research, we highlighted typical meanings of this construction and the denoted meaning patterns of lexical items in both the VP and the NP slots by drawing on the covarying collexeme analysis and the hierarchical cluster analysis, respectively. The findings demonstrate that typical meanings of this construction generally include the pairing of “regulations” in the NP slot and “implementation” in the VP slot, the pairing of “systems” in the NP slot and “establishment” in the VP slot, and the pairing of “results” in the NP slot and “achievement” in VP slot. Meaning patterns of the lexical items with significant attraction in the VP slot briefly incorporate such clusters as “cognition”, “augmentation”, “implementation”, “achievement”, “establishment”, and “report”; and those in the NP slot generally include such patterns as “internal traits”, “medical names”, “regulations”, “results”, “systems”, and “business”. The significance of this study lies in that it scientifically identified instances that are capable of expressing the typical meaning of the NP de VP construction and uncovered objectively and precisely the denoted meaning patterns of lexical items in the VP slot and the NP slot of the construction.
Me ora te Ngāhere: visioning forest health through an Indigenous biocultural lens
Authors: Reihana Kiri R. , Lyver Phil O’B. , Gormley Andrew , Younger Megan , Harcourt Nicola , Cox Morgan , Wilcox Mahuru , Innes John 
Published: July 2023

Explanatory note The following text is described in the Ngāti Rangi mita (dialect), although concepts may be similar e.g. Mouri = Mauri, the spelling reflects the tribal vernacular. Context National biodiversity monitoring in Aotearoa, New Zealand is primarily conducted within Eurocentric conservation frameworks. At present, Māori (Indigenous Peoples of Aotearoa) have limited interaction and role within these programs. Aims We explored a biocultural monitoring tool based on mātauranga (Māori knowledge) to inform Ngāti Rangi (a central North Island Māori tribe) about the health of spatially separate, but ecologically similar, forests within the Ngāti Rangi tribal estate. Methods We did a series of noho taiao (community workshops) and one on one interviews to collect the values that expressed a Ngāti Rangi world view, to measure the health of the ngahere (forest). Gradients and indicators were developed to apply a measure of ngahere health. The metrics were trialled in three forests to create a group understanding. The interviews provided an observation of ngahere health and assessed intergenerational differences in how forest health is perceived. Key results Rongoā, Manu, Ngahere, Wai, and Tangata were themes prioritised by Ngāti Rangi. Biocultural indicators revealed moderate health across the three forest sites, whilst the more ecological-based indicators indicated moderate to strong levels of health. Age-related differences in how forest condition indicated evidence of an inter-generational shift. However, it was agreed that the forest health had declined over the past 30–40 years. Conclusions A full sensory evaluation of forest health facilitates a deep relational connection to place, which coupled with philosophies such as reciprocity and whakapapa, are vital features of a biocultural conservation approach. Implications Cultural–ecological constructs are key in relationships between Indigenous Peoples and their environments. Biocultural approaches can contribute to reversing the current biodiversity crisis, through partnering in placed-based solutions.
Painlevé analysis, infinite dimensional symmetry group and symmetry reductions for the (2+1)-dimensional Korteweg–de Vries–Sawada–Kotera–Ramani equation
Authors: Ren Bo , Lin Ji , Wang Wan-Li 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The (2+1)-dimensional Korteweg–de Vries–Sawada–Kotera–Ramani (KdVSKR) equation is studied by the singularity structure analysis. It is proven that it admits the Painlevé property. The Lie algebras which depend on three arbitrary functions of time t are obtained by the Lie point symmetry method. It is shown that the KdVSKR equation possesses an infinite-dimensional Kac–Moody–Virasoro symmetry algebra. By selecting first-order polynomials in t, a finite-dimensional subalgebra of physical transformations is studied. The commutation relations of the subalgebra, which have been established by selecting the Laurent polynomials in t, are calculated. This symmetry constitutes a centerless Virasoro algebra which has been widely used in the field of physics. Meanwhile, the similarity reduction solutions of the model are studied by means of the Lie point symmetry theory.
Systematic calculations of cluster radioactivity half-lives with a screened electrostatic barrier*
Authors: Liu Xiao , Jiang Jie-Dong , Qi Lin-Jing , Xu Yang-Yang , Wu Xi-Jun , Li Xiao-Hua 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this study, based on Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin theory, we systematically investigate the cluster radioactivity half-lives of 22 nuclei ranging from

to

using a phenomenological model that considers the screened electrostatic effect of the Coulomb potential. In this model, there are two adjustable parameters, t and g, which are related to the screened electrostatic barrier and the strength of the spectroscopic factor, respectively. The calculated results indicate that this model can effectively reproduce the experimental data, with a corresponding root-mean-square deviation of 0.660. In addition, we extend this model to predict the half-lives of possible cluster radioactive candidates whose cluster radioactivities are energetically allowed or observed but not yet quantified in the evaluated nuclear properties table NUBASE2020. The predicted results are consistent with those obtained using other theoretical models and/or empirical formulas, including the universal decay law proposed by Qi et al. [Phys. Rev. C 80, 044326 (2009)], a semi-empirical model for both α decay and cluster radioactivity proposed by Santhosh et al. [J. Phys. G 35, 085102 (2008)], and a unified formula for the half-lives of α decay and cluster radioactivity proposed by Ni et al. [Phys. Rev. C 78, 044310 (2008)].
Structure-function dynamics of engineered, modular neuronal networks with controllable afferent-efferent connectivity
Authors: Winter-Hjelm Nicolai , Brune Tomren Åste , Sikorski Pawel , Sandvig Axel , Sandvig Ioanna 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective. Microfluidic devices interfaced with microelectrode arrays have in recent years emerged as powerful platforms for studying and manipulating in vitro neuronal networks at the micro- and mesoscale. By segregating neuronal populations using microchannels only permissible to axons, neuronal networks can be designed to mimic the highly organized, modular topology of neuronal assemblies in the brain. However, little is known about how the underlying topological features of such engineered neuronal networks contribute to their functional profile. To start addressing this question, a key parameter is control of afferent or efferent connectivity within the network. Approach. In this study, we show that a microfluidic device featuring axon guiding channels with geometrical constraints inspired by a Tesla valve effectively promotes unidirectional axonal outgrowth between neuronal nodes, thereby enabling us to control afferent connectivity. Main results. Our results moreover indicate that these networks exhibit a more efficient network organization with higher modularity compared to single nodal controls. We verified this by applying designer viral tools to fluorescently label the neurons to visualize the structure of the networks, combined with extracellular electrophysiological recordings using embedded nanoporous microelectrodes to study the functional dynamics of these networks during maturation. We furthermore show that electrical stimulations of the networks induce signals selectively transmitted in a feedforward fashion between the neuronal populations. Significance. A key advantage with our microdevice is the ability to longitudinally study and manipulate both the structure and function of neuronal networks with high accuracy. This model system has the potential to provide novel insights into the development, topological organization, and neuroplasticity mechanisms of neuronal assemblies at the micro- and mesoscale in healthy and perturbed conditions.
Hydrodynamic Model due to Reclamation in Lamong Bay
Authors: Sujantoko  , Mustain M , Wahyudi  , Ikhwani H 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
PT. Teluk Lamong Terminal is one of the busiest port terminals in Indonesia. Such conditions require the development of the facility area for reclamation. This reclamation can potentially change the seabed’s contours and current patterns in the Lamong bay area of Surabaya. Therefore, the Author will conduct a research study to determine the impact of reclamation on the speed and current pattern of the existing and post-reclamation conditions in Lamong bay, Surabaya. This research conducted numerical modeling with Delft3D software. The simulation results show that the current pattern at the highest tide in the existing and reclamation models tends to have a dominant current direction from east to the northwest in the Madura strait. In contrast, some currents from the Madura strait are deflected into the Lamong bay area. On the other hand, during the lowest low tide conditions, both existing and reclamation conditions, the current pattern has a dominant direction coming from the northwest to the east, and the current in the Lamong bay area tends to exit or towards the Madura strait. There is an increase or decrease in current velocity when reclamation is carried out in each tidal condition. The highest increase in current velocity occurs at high tide with a value of 0.02 m/s, while the highest decrease in current velocity occurs at the high tide of 0.13 m/s. At the lowest ebb conditions, the highest current speed increase is 0.12 m/s, and the highest current velocity decrease is 0.03 m/s.
Tidal impacts on the discharge division and freshwater transport in the Berau Delta, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Tarya A , Rahmatulloh R , Ningsih N S 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Flow division at bifurcations is important in controlling material carried from the terrestrial to the coastal zone in tidally influenced deltas. The present study aims to identify the impacts of tides on flow division and freshwater transport in the Berau Delta, East Kalimantan. The Princeton Ocean Model (POM) is applied to simulate the hydrodynamics with forcing from river discharges and tides. Tides at open seas and observed river discharge at upstream locations were used to set model boundaries. Model validation was accomplished by comparing measurements of tidal elevation and salinity time series with model results. The model results reproduce the observed in temporal variations of tidal elevation and salinity. Model results highlight that the tidal amplitude has large influence on discharge division at the tidal junction. Tides enhance equal subtidal flow distribution in the river junctions, with the influence of tide is 15% on subtidal flow distribution in the bifurcations. Freshwater discharge at the Berau Delta flows mainly to the north and middle outlet with 90% of the total discharge. Based on an analysis model results, the decomposition of freshwater transport reveals that advection and tidal pumping are major factor, which are fluctuate in fortnight cycle.
Requisites on material viscoelasticity for exceptional points in passive dynamical systems
Authors: Gupta Abhishek , Thevamaran Ramathasan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Recent progress in non-Hermitian physics and the notion of exceptional point (EP) degeneracies in elastodynamics have led to the development of novel metamaterials for the control of elastic wave propagation, hypersensitive sensors, and actuators. The emergence of EPs in a parity-time symmetric system relies on judiciously engineered balanced gain and loss mechanisms. Creating gain requires complex circuits and amplification mechanisms, making engineering applications challenging. Here, we report strategies to achieve EPs in passive non-Hermitian elastodynamic systems with differential loss derived from viscoelastic materials. We compare different viscoelastic material models and show that the EP emerges only when the frequency-dependent loss-tangent of the viscoelastic material remains nearly constant in the frequency range of operation. This type of loss tangent occurs in materials that undergo stress-relaxation over a broad spectrum of relaxation times, for example, materials that follow the Kelvin–Voigt fractional derivative (KVFD) model. Using dynamic mechanical analysis, we show that a few common viscoelastic elastomers, such as polydimethylsiloxane and polyurethane rubber, follow the KVFD behavior such that the loss tangent becomes almost constant after a particular frequency. The material models we present and the demonstration of the potential of a widely available material system in creating EPs pave the way for developing non-Hermitian metamaterials with hypersensitivity to perturbations or enhanced emissivity.
Glymphatic function plays a protective role in ageing-related cognitive decline
Authors: Wang Junjun , Zhou Ying , Zhang Kemeng , Ran Wang , Zhu Xiao , Zhong Wansi , Chen Yuping , Li Jiaping , Sun Jianzhong , Lou Min 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe glymphatic pathway, characterised as a cerebral drainage system, influences cognitive function in neurodegenerative diseases; however, evidence is limited in a normal ageing population. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of glymphatic function on ageing-related cognitive decline.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the Cognitive Impairment, Retinopathy, and Cerebrovascular Lesions in the Elderly (CIRCLE) study, and participants with multi-model magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and Mini-Mental State Examinations (MMSE) were enrolled. Glymphatic function was evaluated via the diffusion tensor imaging along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) index. Regression models were used to estimate the impact of the DTI-ALPS index on cognitive decline cross-sectionally and longitudinally. We further analysed the mediation effect of the DTI-ALPS on age and cognitive function.ResultsA total of 633 participants were included in this study (48.2% female; mean age, 62.8 ± 8.9 years). The DTI-ALPS index was positively associated with cognitive function cross-sectionally (β = 0.108, P = 0.003), and was an independent protective factor for cognitive decline longitudinally (odds ratio (OR) = 0.029, P = 0.007). The DTI-ALPS index declined progressively with ageing (r = −0.319, P &lt;0.001), and the decrease was more pronounced after 65 years of age. Furthermore, the DTI-ALPS index mediated the relationship between age and MMSE score (β = −0.016, P &lt;0.001). The mediation effect accounted for 21.3%, which was higher in subjects aged over 65 years (25.3%) compared with those aged under 65 years (5.3%).ConclusionGlymphatic function played a protective role in normal ageing-related cognitive decline, which may serve as a potential therapeutic target against cognitive decline in future.