bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of social determinants of health on the relationship between stigma and health in people living with HIV: A two-wave panel study
Authors: Tian Jason M. Lo Hog , Watson James R. , Parsons Janet A. , Maunder Robert G. , Murphy Michael , Cioppa Lynne , Mcgee A. , Bristow Wayne , Boni Anthony R. , Ajiboye Monisola E. , Rourke Sean B. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
HIV stigma is still prevalent and negatively impacts the health of people living with HIV. Social determinants of health also have a significant impact on health, yet there is little work examining how these determinants play a role in the relationship between stigma and health. This study uses moderation analysis to examine how social determinants of health affects the relationship between different types of stigma (enacted, internalized, and anticipated) and physical and mental health.
Methods
The study used a two-wave panel design with quantitative survey data collected on 339 participants in Ontario, Canada at baseline (t1) between August 2018 and September 2019 and at follow-up (t2) between February 2021 and October 2021. Moderation models were constructed with each type of stigma at t1 as antecedents predicting physical and mental health at t2 as the outcome. Separate models were created with each social determinant of health (age, years since HIV diagnosis, gender, sexual orientation, ethnicity, geographic region, education, employment, and basic needs) acting as the moderator.
Results
We found the relationship between internalized stigma and lower mental health was stronger for those with older age (b = -5.20, 95% CI: -7.81, -2.59). The relationship between enacted stigma and lower mental health was stronger for those with older age (b = -3.31, 95% CI: -5.87, -0.75), those who live in the Greater Toronto Area (b = -3.96, 95% CI: -6.56, -1.37), and those who never lacked basic needs (b = -4.43, 95% CI: -7.25, -1.62). Lastly, the relationship between anticipated stigma and lower mental health was stronger for those identifying as gay/lesbian (b = -3.43, 95% CI: -6.60, -0.26), those who live in the Greater Toronto Area (b = -5.26, 95% CI: -8.60, -1.94), and those who never lacked basic needs (b = -4.17, 95% CI: -7.38, -0.95). None of the models with physical health as the outcome had significant moderators.
Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that the relationship between stigma and mental health can change based on social determinants of health. This suggests that targeting certain population groups based on their social determinants of health could be an effective strategy for developing stigma reduction initiatives.
Large-area, high-numerical-aperture, freeform Metasurfaces
Authors: Zhou You , Mao Chenkai , Gershnabel Erez , Chen Mingkun , Fan Jonathan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Nanophotonic devices are optical platforms capable of unprecedented wavefront control. To push the limits of experimental device performance, scalable design methodologies that combine the simplicity and fabricability of conventional design paradigms with the extended capabilities of freeform optimization are required. We introduce a novel gradient-based design framework for large-area freeform metasurfaces in which nonlocal interactions between simply shaped nanostructures, placed on an irregular lattice, are tailored to produce high-order hybridized modes that support customizable large angle scattering profiles. Utilizing this approach, we design and experimentally demonstrate multifunctional super-dispersive metalenses. We also extend our approach to high numerical aperture radial metalenses capable of diffraction limited focusing and the generation of donut-shaped point spread functions. We anticipate that these concepts will have utility in super-resolution microscopy, particle trapping, additive manufacturing, and metrology applications that require ultra-high numerical apertures.
Delayed diagnosis of Lemierre's syndrome in a patient with severe coronavirus disease-2019: Importance of comprehensive oral and neck examination – A case report
Authors: Miura Tomotaka , Fukuta Hirotsugu , Kawada Hiroshi , Kaga Tetsuro , Matsuo Masayuki , Sakai Tsutomu , Yoshida Shozo , Okada Hideshi , Ogura Shinji , Tetsuka Nobuyuki 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: Given the widespread prevalence of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), oral and neck examinations tend to be avoided in patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. This might delay the diagnosis of conditions, such as Lemierre's syndrome, which involves symptoms resembling COVID-19-related throat manifestations.
Case presentation: A 24-year-old man without any underlying conditions was diagnosed with COVID-19 7 days before presentation. He was admitted to another hospital 1 day before presentation with severe COVID-19 and suspected bacterial pneumonia; accordingly, he was started on treatment with remdesivir and meropenem. Owing to bacteremic complications, the patient was transferred to our hospital for intensive care. On the sixth day, the patient experienced hemoptysis; further, a computed tomography (CT) scan revealed new pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysms. Successful embolization was performed to achieve hemostasis. In blood cultures conducted at the previous hospital, Fusobacterium nucleatum was isolated, suggesting cervical origin of the infection. A neck CT scan confirmed a peritonsillar abscess and left internal jugular vein thrombus; accordingly, he was diagnosed with Lemierre's syndrome. The treatment was switched to ampicillin/sulbactam, based on the drug susceptibility results. After 6 weeks of treatment, the patient completely recovered without complications.
Conclusion: This case highlights the significance of thorough oral and neck examinations in patients with suspected or diagnosed COVID-19 for the detection of throat and neck symptoms caused by other conditions.
Low Vision Service Provision in Klang Valley: Optometrist Perspectives
Authors: Wong Yi Hen , Madhavan Indira , Azmi Azam Nur Hazman 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background: The demand for low vision services increased due to the increased prevalence of low vision. The low vision services provided, along with the knowledge, awareness, barriers, and improvements of the optometrists on low vision services in Klang Valley were investigated.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted through a Google Form questionnaire from July 2022 to May 2023. The questionnaire was modified from previous studies which asked about the participants demographic information, low vision services provided, knowledge, awareness, barriers, and improvements of low vision services.
Results: The study involved 193 participants and revealed the inadequacy of low vision services in Klang Valley. Many of them did not understand the “visual acuity criteria for low vision” (44.5%) and did not know the “available low vision devices” (39.8%). According to the optometrists surveyed, the main challenge in low vision practice was “lack of public awareness” (84.4%) and in their opinions, the services could be enhanced by offering “low-cost low vision devices” (88.1%).
Conclusion: Optometrists in Klang Valley had a basic low vision services knowledge and awareness, yet the services were not well established due to the challenges faced. Further study is expected to extend to the whole Malaysia and cover optometrists and low vision patients to obtain a more precise picture of low vision services.
Enhancing Coping Strategies for COVID-19 Vaccine Anxiety: The Efficacy of a Mobile Phone App-Assisted Educational Intervention
Authors: Ghozali Muhammad Thesa , Islamy Izdihar Dinah Amalia , Hidayaturrohim Bagus 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Effective dissemination of information to the public is critical in managing anxiety associated with pandemics and vaccination programs. It implies that healthcare professionals, particularly pharmacists, are primarily responsible for providing precise and reliable information to reduce anxiety. This study aimed to quantify the prevalence of anxiety associated with the COVID-19 vaccine in Indonesia and to test the efficacy of a mobile phone app-based educational intervention in alleviating this specific type of distress. The study used a pre-experimental research design using a one-group pre-test–post-test structure to collect and analyze data. The study was conducted in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, from March to August 2021. According to a descriptive analysis of the pre-intervention data, most participants (n = 268; 56.90%) reported “mild to moderate” concern over the COVID-19 vaccine. However, post-intervention data revealed a significant drop in anxiety levels. Only 36.30% (n = 171) of participants reported “mild to moderate” anxiety, while 27.39% (n = 129) reported “moderate to severe” anxiety. The statistical study, carried out using the Wilcoxon method of hypothesis testing, produced a significant result with a p-value of 0.001, which was much below the usually recognized significance criterion of 0.050. These findings concluded that a mobile phone app-assisted patient education intervention can effectively reduce the HARS questionnaire’s scores among Indonesians. As a recommendation, this study advocates for incorporating a mobile phone app as part of the complete educational infrastructure, since it can serve as an important aid in reducing anxiety associated with COVID-19 vaccines.
Contribution of macrophages to intracochlear tissue remodeling responses following cochlear implantation and neural survival
Authors: Rahman Muhammad Taifur , Mostaert Brain J. , Hunger Bryce , Saha Utsow , Claussen Alexander D. , Razu Ibrahim , Farjana Nasrin , Khan Nashwaan Ali , Coleman Sarah , Oleson Jackob , Kirk Jonathon , Keiko Hirose , Hansen Marlan R. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Cochlear implants (CIs) restore hearing to deafened patients. The foreign body response (FBR) following cochlear implantation (post-CI) comprises an infiltration of macrophages, other immune and non-immune cells, and fibrosis into the scala tympani; a space that is normally devoid of cells. This FBR is associated with negative effects on CI outcomes including increased electrode impedances and loss of residual acoustic hearing. This study investigates the extent to which macrophage depletion by an orally administered CSF-1R specific kinase (c-FMS) inhibitor, PLX-5622, modulates the tissue response to CI and neural health.
Materials and methods: 10-12-week-old CX3CR1+/GFP Thy1+/YFP mice on C57Bl6 background with normal hearing were fed chow containing 1200 mg/kg PLX5622 or control chow for the duration of the study. 7-days after starting the diet, 3-channel cochlear implants were implanted ear via the round window. Serial impedance and neural response telemetry (NRT) measurements were acquired throughout the study. Electric stimulation began 7 days post-CI until 28- days post-CI for 5 hrs/day, 5 days/week, with programming guided by NRT and behavioral responses. Cochleae harvested at 10-, 28- or 56-days post-CI were cryosectioned and labeled with antibody against α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) to identify myofibroblasts and quantify the fibrotic response. Using IMARIS image analysis software, the outlines of scala tympani, Rosenthal canal, modiolus and lateral wall for each turn were traced manually to measure region volume. Density of nuclei, CX3CR1+ macrophages, Thy1+ spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) numbers and ratio of volume of α-SMA+ space/volume of scala tympani were calculated.
Results: Cochlear implantation in control diet subjects caused infiltration of cells, including macrophages, into the cochlea: this response was initially diffuse throughout the cochlea and later localized to the scala tympani of the basal turn by 56-days post-CI. Fibrosis was evident in the scala tympani adjacent to the electrode array. Mice fed PLX5622 chow showed reduced macrophage infiltration throughout the implanted cochleae across all timepoints. However, scala tympani fibrosis was not reduced relative to control diet subjects. Further, mice treated with PLX5622 showed increased electrode impedances compared to controls. Finally, treatment with PLX5622 decreased SGN survival in implanted and contralateral cochleae.
Discussion: The data suggest that macrophages play an important role in modulating the intracochlear tissue response following CI and neural survival.
Molecular identification and in silico functional characterization of a histone H2A derived antimicrobial peptide from Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) infected Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Mohandas Sowmya Pazhur , Gopi Jayanath , Sudhagar Arun , Swaminathan Thangaraj Raja , Sood Neeraj , Pradhan Pravata Kumar , Sarkar Uttam Kumar 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) constitute a unique class of low molecular weight peptides that are generated by the host innate immune system to elicit antimicrobial and immunostimulatory effects in all life forms. They are considered as novel therapeutic agents for combating multi drug resistance of infectious microorganisms. In the present investigation, a partial N terminal histone H2A derived AMP designated as Tilapia Hipposin (TiHip) was identified and characterized from tilapia lake virus infected tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. The virus infection in the fish was confirmed by molecular techniques, electron microscopy and in vitro cell culture studies. A 245 bp gene fragment that encoded 81 amino acid residues was identified from the gill tissue of the infected fish. This study is the first report of molecular identification of histone H2A derived AMP from virus infected nile tilapia. Phylogenetic analysis of TiHip indicated a close relationship with histone H2A sequences from other teleost fishes. Secondary structure prediction revealed the presence of α- helix and random coils and the helical wheel projection indicated the amphipathic nature of the peptide. The physicochemical properties, sequence similarity and structural characteristics of TiHip agreed with the characteristic attributes of AMPs, indicating its potential part in the innate immunity of fish. In silico functional analysis predicted antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-biofilm and non-hemolytic activity which clearly suggested that TiHip could act as a potent bioactive peptide for therapeutic applications.
Machine learning model for predicting oliguria in critically ill patients
Authors: Yamao Yasuo , Oami Takehiko , Yamabe Jun , Takahashi Nozomi , Nakada Taka-aki 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground: Oliguria is an important indicator for the early detection of acute kidney injury (AKI) and prediction of poor outcomes in critically ill patients; however, the accuracy of a prediction model using machine learning has rarely been investigated. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a machine learning algorithm for predicting oliguria in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: This retrospective cohort study used electronic health record data of consecutive patients admitted to the ICU between 2010 and 2019. Oliguria was defined as urine output of less than 0.5 mL/kg/h. We developed a machine learning model using a light-gradient boosting machine to predict oliguria between 6 to 72 h. The accuracy of the model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves. We calculated the Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) value to identify important variables in the prediction model. Subgroup analyses were conducted to compare the accuracy of the models in predicting oliguria based on sex, age, and furosemide administration. Results: Among 9,241 patients in the study, the proportions of patients with urine output < 0.5 mL/kg/h for 6 h and those with AKI during the ICU stay were 27.4% and 30.2%, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) of the prediction algorithm for the onset of oliguria at 6 h and 72 h using 50 clinically relevant variables was 0.966 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.965–0.968) and 0.923 (95% CI 0.921–0.926), respectively. The SHAP analysis for predicting oliguria at 6 h identified urine-related values, severity scores, serum creatinine, interleukin-6, fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products, and vital signs as important variables. Subgroup analyses revealed that males had a higher AUC than did females (0.969 and 0.952, respectively), and the non-furosemide group had a higher AUC than did the furosemide group (0.971 and 0.957, respectively). Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that a machine learning algorithm could accurately predict oliguria onset in ICU patients, suggesting a potential role for oliguria in the early diagnosis and optimal management of AKI.
The Relationship between Work Precariousness and Mental Health in Informal Workers: A Moderated Mediation Analysis
Authors: Jilili Maitixirepu , Liu Linping 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to explore the relationship between work precariousness and the mental health of informal workers and the mechanism of potential influence in the relationship.
Methods A total sample of 2,204 informal workers was derived from the latest wave of the Chinese Labor Dynamics Survey collected by the Social Science Research Center of Sun-Yetsen University in 2018.
Results The results of the study suggested that work precariousness has a significant impact on the mental health of informal workers. Furthermore, work stress plays a mediating role between work precariousness and mental health, while community-based factors moderated the impact of work stress on mental health of informal workers.
Conclusions The findings of the study suggested that the mental health of informal workers should be prioritized by improving working conditions, providing job training programs as well as ameliorating social security measures. Additionally, community factors should be taken into account when interventions are aimed at promoting the mental health of informal workers.
First- and Third-person Perspectives in the AR-assisted Blind Area Assembly
Authors: Feng Shuo , He Xinjing , He Weiping , Li Ruofan , Zhang Shaohua 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In the development of significant products, assembly efficiency is essential to the improvement of the output and quality of the equipment, and there is still a large amount of work that needs to be done manually by the user during the assembly process. Due to the complex internal structure of the product, the user’s hands, assembly parts, and internal construction are often invisible. The lack of visual information leads to low assembly efficiency, high error rates and user fatigue. In this study, we developed a video-assisted assembly guidance system, called ARScope, in the augmented reality (AR) environment. Users can freely place the mini camera module on the back of their hands or inside the narrow blind area and obtain the video from the firstperson perspective (FPP) and the third-person perspective (TPP). In AR, users can get a comfortable guiding experience by transforming, rotating and scaling the video screen. In addition, we designed and conducted the user study to investigate the effect of different viewpoints on assembly efficiency and user’s experience during video-assisted blind assembly in AR space, and also explored other influencing factors of this process. The results showed that FPP had more synergy with the user than TPP, resulting in an efficient assembly. In addition, the stability of the screen, the tactile feedback and the portability of the system hardware were also essential factors in the blind assembly process.
Sparing concurrent chemotherapy in low-risk locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A retrospective study from real-world experience
Authors: Xu Hanchuan , Huang Wanfang , Yang Xiaojing , Xiao Nan , Zhang Quxia , Chen Bijuan , Zhu Lili , Lu Tianzhu , Zong Jingfeng , Xiao Youping , Pan Jianji , Guo Qiaojuan , Lin Shaojun 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objectives
This study aims to explore the feasibility of sparing concurrent chemotherapy (CCT) after induction chemotherapy (ICT) in low-risk locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LANPC).
Materials and methods
LANPC patients(excluding N3/T4N2) who received ICT + CCRT/RT alone between January 2014 and December 2018 were candidates for this retrospective study. All the enrolled patients should achieved favorable response(CR/PR) after ICT.
Results
A total of 336 patients were included. No significant differences in 4-year OS, LRFFS, DMFS and PFS (all p > 0.05) between ICT + IMRT and ICT + CCRT groups were observed. Multivariate analysis confirmed that CCT was not an independent prognostic factor for all survival outcomes (p > 0.05). Patients in the ICT + IMRT group had a significant lower incidence of grade 3–4 mucositis than those in the ICT + CCRT group (29.4% vs. 40.4%, p = 0.037), and other toxicities did not differ significantly.
Conclusions
Sparing CCT in those who achieved favorable response after ICT is feasible and has lower incidence of acute adverse events. Well-designed prospective clinical trials are expected to confirm our results.
Selective aneurysmal sac neck-targeted embolization during endovascular aneurysm repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm with hostile neck anatomy
Authors: Zhang Lifeng , Tang Yongjiang , Wang Jiantao , Liu Xianjun , Liu Yang , Zeng Wei , He Chunshui 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of selective aneurysmal sac neck-targeted embolization in patients undergoing endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) with hostile neck anatomy.
Materials and Methods: We enrolled 28 patients with hostile neck anatomy who underwent EVAR with a low-profile stent graft between October 2020 and June 2022. Before excluding the entire aneurysm during the procedure, a buddy wire was loaded prophylactically into the sac through the contralateral limb side. When type Ia endoleak persist despite adjunctive treatment, this preloaded wire could be utilized as an access to enable a catheter to reach the space between the stent graft and sac neck to perform coil embolization. In the absence of type Ia endoleak, the wire was simply retracted. The primary outcome of this study was freedom from sac expansion and endoleak-related reinterventions during the follow-up period; secondary outcomes included technical success, intraoperative and in-hospital postoperative complications.
Results: Out of the 28 patients with hostile neck morphology, 11 of them (39.5%) who had type Ia endoleak received intra-procedure treatment with sac neck-targeted detachable coil embolization. The preloaded wire was removed from 17 patients (60.7%) who did not show type Ia endoleak. The coiling group had longer operating durations (81.27±11.61 vs. 70.71±7.17 minutes, P<0.01) and utilized more contrast than the non-coiling group (177.45±52.41 vs. 108.24±17.49 ml, p<0.01). In the entire cohort, technical success was 100% and there were no procedure-related complications. At a mean follow-up of 18.6±5.2 months (range 12-31), there was no sac expansion(19 sac regression, 67.86%; 9 stability, 32.14% ) and endoleak-related reintervention.
Conclusions: Selective aneurysmal sac neck-targeted embolization for the treatment of type Ia endoleak in patients with hostile neck anatomy undergoing EVAR is safe and could reduce type Ia endoleak and prevent related sac expansion after EVAR.