bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Significance of Current Collectors for High Performance Conventional Lithium‐Ion Batteries: A Review
Authors: Li Hang , Wang Li , Song Youzhi , Zhang Zhiguo , Zhang Hao , Du Aimin , He Xiangming 
Published: July 2023

AbstractConventional lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are constantly evolving to improve their electrochemical performance and safety. In the past decade, research on electrode and electrolyte materials has significantly promoted the development of conventional LIBs. However, the current collector (CC) in conventional LIBs has not received sufficient attention. As a transfer unit that collects and disperses electrons from electrodes and transports them to the load, the performance of the CC significantly affects the performance of LIBs. This article reviews the impact of the CC on the electrochemical performance and safety of conventional LIBs in four aspects: CC requirements, manufacturing process, surface coating modification, and multifunctionalized CCs. Meanwhile, this review provides an objective summary and prospect on the transition from single‐functionality to multifunctionality requirements for CC, as well as the future needs for CC development and the technical hurdles that should be overcome. The article focuses on providing a detailed insight into the important impact of CCs on conventional LIBs, which has not received enough attention in the past. It emphasizes the need and urgency for the development of multifunctional CCs to provide new ideas for improving the performance of conventional LIBs.
A Comparative Inflammation‐on‐a‐Chip with a Complete 3D Interface: Pharmacological Applications in COPD‐Induced Neutrophil Migration
Authors: Kim Soohyun , Lee Sung Kyun , Son Ahryeong , Lee Jong‐Hwan , Kim Hong Gi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a slow‐progressing inflammatory lung disease that is associated with high mortality and disability. There is a lack of appropriate preclinical models of COPD, which hampers drug discovery efforts. Herein, a comparative inflammation‐on‐a‐chip (IoC) is developed with a complete 3D interface without the formation of any micropillar and phaseguide structures that replicated chemoattractant‐induced neutrophil transendothelial migration (NTEM), a key feature of COPD. The IoC model is used to evaluate the pharmacological effects of CXCR2 inhibitors (MK‐7123, AZD5069, and SB225002) on the migration of neutrophil‐like cells in the presence of plasma samples from patients with COPD. This is the first study to evaluate inhibitors of CXCR2‐dependent NTEM in a comparative IoC model that mimics the physiological 3D microenvironment, consisting of an endothelial barrier, extracellular compartment, and inflammatory conditions. This IoC model will be useful to investigate COPD severity using patient samples, and will aid basic and translational research involving NTEM.
Investigating the Superior Performance of Hard Carbon Anodes in Sodium‐Ion Compared With Lithium‐ and Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Guo Zhenyu , Xu Zhen , Xie Fei , Jiang Jinglin , Zheng Kaitian , Alabidun Sarat , Crespo‐Ribadeneyra Maria , Hu Yong‐Sheng , Au Heather , Titirici Maria‐Magdalena 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEmerging sodium‐ion batteries (NIBs) and potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs) show promise in complementing lithium‐ion battery (LIB) technology and diversifying the battery market. Hard carbon is a potential anode candidate for LIBs, NIBs, and KIBs due to its high capacity, sustainability, wide availability, and stable physicochemical properties. Herein, a series of hard carbons is synthesized by hydrothermal carbonization and subsequent pyrolysis at different temperatures to finely tune their structural properties. When tested as anodes, the hard carbons exhibit differing ion‐storage trends for Li, Na, and K, with NIBs achieving the highest reversible capacity. Extensive materials and electrochemical characterizations are carried out to study the correlation of structural features with electrochemical performance and to explain the specific mechanisms of alkali‐ion storage in hard carbons. In addition, the best‐performing hard carbon is tested against a sodium cathode Na3V2(PO4)3 in a Na‐ion pouch cell, displaying a high power density of 2172 W kg−1 at an energy density of 181.5 Wh kg−1 (based on the total weight of active materials in both anode and cathode). The Na‐ion pouch cell also shows stable ultralong‐term cycling (9000 h or 5142 cycles) and demonstrates the promising potential of such materials as sustainable, scalable anodes for beyond Li‐batteries.
Suppression of Interphase Dissolution Via Solvent Molecule Tuning for Sodium Metal Batteries
Authors: Liu Xuyang , Zheng Xueying , Dai Yiming , Li Bin , Wen Jiayun , Zhao Tong , Luo Wei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSolvent molecule tuning is used to alter the redox potentials of solvents or ion‐solvent binding energy for high‐voltage or low‐temperature electrolytes. Herein, an electrolyte design strategy that effectively suppresses solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) dissolution and passivates highly‐reactive metallic Na anode via solvent molecule tuning is proposed. With rationally lengthened phosphate backbones with ─CH2─ units, the low‐solvation tris(2‐ethylhexyl) phosphate (TOP) molecule effectively weakens the solvation ability of carbonate‐based electrolytes, reduces the free solvent ratio, and enables an anion‐enriched primary Na+ ion solvation sheath. The decreased free solvent and compact lower‐solubility interphase established in this electrolyte prevent electrodes from continuous SEI dissolution and parasitic reactions at both room temperature (RT) and high temperature (HT). As a result, the Na/Na3V2(PO4)3 cell with the new electrolyte achieves impressive cycling stability of 95.7% capacity retention after 1800 cycles at 25 °C and 62.1% capacity retention after 700 cycles at 60 °C. Moreover, the TOP molecule not only maintains the nonflammable feature of phosphate but also attains higher thermal stability, which endows the electrolyte with high safety and thermal stability. This design concept for electrolytes offers a promising path to long‐cycling and high‐safety sodium metal batteries.
Humidity/Oxygen‐Insensitive Organic Synaptic Transistors Based on Optical Radical Effect
Authors: Liu Dapeng , Zhang Junyao , Shi Qianqian , Sun Tongrui , Xu Yutong , Li Li , Tian Li , Xiong Lize , Zhang Jianhua , Huang Jia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFor most organic synaptic transistors based on the charge trapping effect, different atmosphere conditions lead to significantly different device performance. Some devices even lose the synaptic responses under vacuum or inert atmosphere. The stable device performance of these organic synaptic transistors under varied working environments with different humidity and oxygen levels can be a challenge. Herein, a moisture‐ and oxygen‐insensitive organic synaptic device based on the organic semiconductor and photoinitiator molecules is reported. Unlike the widely reported charge trapping effect, the photoinduced free radical is utilized to realize the photosynaptic performance. The resulting synaptic transistor displays typical excitatory postsynaptic current, paired‐pulse facilitation, learning, and forgetting behaviors. Furthermore, the device exhibits decent and stable photosynaptic performances under high humidity and vacuum conditions. This type of organic synaptic device also demonstrates high potential in ultraviolet B perception based on its environmental stability and broad ultraviolet detection capability. Finally, the contrast‐enhanced capability of the device is successfully validated by the single‐layer‐perceptron/double‐layer network based Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology pattern recognition. This work could have important implications for the development of next‐generation environment‐stable organic synaptic devices and systems.
Magnetic Manipulation of Superparamagnetic Colloids in Droplet‐Based Optical Devices
Authors: Mattich Iacopo , Sendra Joan , Galinski Henning , Isapour Golnaz , Demirörs Ahmet F. , Lattuada Marco , Schuerle Simone , Studart André R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMagnetically assembled superparamagnetic colloids are exploited as fluid mixers, swimmers, and delivery systems in several microscale applications. The encapsulation of such colloids in droplets may open new opportunities to build magnetically controlled displays and optical components. Here, the assembly of superparamagnetic colloids inside droplets under rotating magnetic fields is studied, and this phenomenon is exploited to create functional optical devices. Colloids are encapsulated in monodisperse droplets produced by microfluidics and magnetically assembled into dynamic 2D clusters. Using an optical microscope equipped with a magnetic control setup, the effect of the magnetic field strength and rotational frequency on the size, stability, and dynamics of 2D colloidal clusters inside droplets is investigated. The results show that cluster size and stability depend on the magnetic forces acting on the structure under the externally imposed field. By rotating the cluster in specific orientations, it is possible to magnetically control the effective refractive index and the transmission of light through the colloid‐laden droplets, thus demonstrating the potential of the encapsulated colloids in optical applications.
Skin‐Integrated, Stretchable Electronic Skin for Human Motion Capturing and Pressure Mapping
Authors: Zhao Ling , Lin Zihong , Lai King Wai Chiu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFlexible and wearable electronics have been widely investigated for the extensive applications in real life. Piezoresistive based sensor is one of the common flexible electronics that could be utilized as electronic skin. By simply transducing the external pressure or stretching into resistor signal and integrated with flexible substrate and advanced functional sensing material, piezoresistive based sensors have been applied as the electronic skin. Here, a thin, skin‐integrated, and flexible electronic skin based on piezoresistive working mode is developed. Ultra‐thin polydimethylsiloxane substrate integrated with serpentine‐like Cu electrode could avoid mechanical failing of the device when it is stretched, bended, or twisted. By adopting the advanced function material, MXene, graphene and Ecoflex mixed composite, the electronic skin could sense not only a wide range of pressure from 20.8 to 132 kPa, but also stretching rate from 0% to 20%, allowing the potential application in human motion capturing. Furthermore, a 4 × 4 arrayed electronic skin is fabricated, and demonstrates the prospective application in pressure mapping.
Revealing the Valence Evolution of Metal Element in Heterostructures for Ultra‐High Power Li‐Ion Capacitors
Authors: Tao Shusheng , Cai Jieming , Cao Ziwei , Song Bai , Deng Wentao , Liu Youcai , Hou Hongshuai , Zou Guoqiang , Ji Xiaobo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe difficulty in matching cathode and anode kinetics due to slow ion transport in anodes constrains the development of lithium‐ion capacitors. Heterogeneous structures with built‐in electric field can promote lithium‐ion migration and improve the anode reaction kinetics. However, the valence evolution of metal elements in heterostructures during charging/discharging processes is often overlooked. Inspired by theoretical calculations, transition metal selenides heterostructures (FeSe2/CoSe2) with low migration energy barriers (E
b = 0.35 eV) are successfully engineered and fabricated. As expected, the designed heterostructure material exhibits outstanding rate performance (512 mAh g−1 at 30 A g−1) and ultra‐high pseudocapacitance contribution (98.02% at 1.0 mV s−1), exceeding the state‐of‐the‐art values for anodes. Impressively, synchrotron X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (SXAS) and ex situ XPS find that the valence states of the Fe and Co elements in the heterogeneous structure gradually increase as charging and discharging proceeds, inducing a continuous climb in reversible specific capacity, while further reducing the migration energy barrier in the heterogeneous structure (E
b = 0.20 eV). This work reveals that the valence states of iron and cobalt elements increase as charging and discharging proceeds, providing theoretical guidance for improving the anode kinetics and revealing the capacity rise mechanism of other transition metal compounds.
An evaluation of clinical presentation and genetic testing approaches for patients with neuromuscular disorders
Authors: Rosenberg Amanda , Tian Cuixia , He Hua , Ulm Elizabeth , Collins Ruff Kathleen , B. Nagaraj Chinmayee 
Published: July 2023

AbstractInherited neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) are a large group of genetic conditions characterized by impaired peripheral nerve, motor neuron, neuromuscular junction, or skeletal muscle function. These conditions are also known to have clinical and genetic heterogeneity and variable ages of onset. Clinical evaluation for NMDs has increasingly incorporated molecular genetics. However, genetic testing is complicated by the variety of testing options and the ambiguity of NMD phenotypes. Examining test selection and yield may elucidate testing recommendations and improve the diagnostic journey for these patients. This retrospective chart review evaluated the clinical presentations, genetic testing approaches, and diagnostic outcomes of 155 patients with suspected NMDs at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. A total of 262 individual tests were ordered, averaging 1.7 tests per patient. The clinic utilized 26 separate genetic tests, with test yields ranging from 0% to 66%. Overall, 21% of patients received a genetic diagnosis. Of all the clinical findings evaluated, elevated CPK levels with or without muscle weakness were the most informative symptoms correlated with a diagnostic result. This study highlights several genetic testing considerations for NMDs, including the variability of diagnostic outcomes. This knowledge is relevant to clinicians and patients, especially during the pretest counseling and consenting process.
Decay rates of arboreal and terrestrial nests of Eastern chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in the Bugoma Central Forest Reserve, Uganda: Implications for population size estimates
Authors: Romani Toni , Mundry Roger , Shaban Gerald Mayanja , Konarzewski Marek , Namaganda Mary , Hobaiter Catherine , Gruber Thibaud , Hicks Thurston Cleveland 
Published: July 2023

AbstractChimpanzees were once thought to sleep primarily in the trees, but recent studies indicate that some populations also construct terrestrial night nests. This behavior has relevance not only to understanding the behavioral diversity ofPan troglodytes, but also to the conservation of the species, given that nest encounter rates are often used to estimate great ape population densities. A proper estimate of decay rates for ground nests is necessary for converting the encounter rate of nests to the density of weaned chimpanzees. Here we present the results of the first systematic comparative study between the decay rates of arboreal and terrestrial chimpanzee nests, from the Bugoma Central Forest Reserve in western Uganda. We followed the decay of 56 ground and 51 tree nests in eight nest groups between April 2020 and October 2021. For 15 of the ground and 19 of the tree nests, we collected detailed information on the condition of the nests every two weeks; we checked the remaining 73 nests only twice. On average, ground nests lasted 238 days versus 276 days for tree nests (p = 0.05). Of the 107 total nests surveyed, 51% of tree and 64% of ground nests had disappeared after six months. Based on our results, we propose a modification of the formula used to convert nest density into chimpanzee density. Our results highlight the importance of taking into account potential differences in decay rates between ground versus tree nests, which will likely influence our understanding of the distribution of ground nesting behavior in chimpanzee across tropical Africa, as well as our estimations of the densities of ground nesting populations.
The importance of auditory, olfactory, and visual cues for insect foraging in owl monkeys (Aotus nancymaae)
Authors: Breitenbach Rachel , Ambros Samantha , Risko Gabrielle , Arcusa Isabel , Durland Donahou Allison , Wolovich Christy K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNocturnal mammals have unique sensory adaptations to facilitate foraging at night. Owl monkeys (Aotus spp.) are pair‐living nocturnal platyrrhines adept at capturing insect prey under low‐light conditions. Owl monkeys use acoustic and chemical cues in intraspecific communication and use olfaction to detect fruit as they forage. We conducted an experiment to determine which cues (auditory, olfactory, and visual) Aotus nancymaae rely upon when foraging for insects. We scored the behavior of 23 captive owl monkeys during a series of trials in which monkeys were provided sensory boxes with insect cues either present (experimental box) or absent (control box). Each cue was tested alone and in combination with all other cues (multimodal cues). We used generalized linear mixed models to determine which cues elicited the greatest behavioral response. Owl monkeys approached and spent more time near experimental boxes than control boxes. Male owl monkeys were quicker than their female partners to approach the sensory boxes, suggesting that males may be less neophobic than females. The owl monkeys exhibited behaviors associated with olfaction and foraging (e.g., sneezing, trilling) during trials with multimodal cues and when only olfactory cues were present. When only visual or auditory cues were present, owl monkeys exhibited fewer foraging‐related behaviors. After approaching a sensory box, however, they often touched boxes containing visual cues. A. nancymaae may rely on olfactory cues at night to detect a food source from several meters away and then rely more on visual cues once they are closer to the food source. Their use of sensory cues during insect foraging differs from nocturnal strepsirrhines, possibly reflecting physiological constraints associated with phylogeny, given that owl monkeys evolved nocturnality secondarily from a more recent diurnal ancestor.
Mechanically Interlocked [2]Rotaxane Aerogels with Tunable Morphologies and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Luo Zhen , Zhang Xinhai , Zhao Jun , Bai Ruixue , Wang Chunyu , Wang Yuanhao , Zhao Dong , Yan Xuzhou 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMechanical bonds have been utilized as promising motifs to construct mechanically interlocked aerogels (MIAs) with mechanical adaptivity and multifunctionality. However, fabricating such aerogels with not only precise chemical structures but also dynamic features remains challenging. Herein, we present MIAs carrying dense [2]rotaxane units, which bestow both the stability and flexibility of the aerogel network. Owing to the stable chemical structure of a [2]rotaxane, MIAs possessing a precise and full‐scale mechanically interlocked network could be fabricated with the aid of diverse solvents. In addition, the dynamic nature of the [2]rotaxane resulted in morphologies and mechanical performances of the MIAs that can be dramatically modulated under chemical stimuli. We hope that the structure–property relationship in MIAs will facilitate the development of mechanically interlocked materials and provide novel opportunities toward constructing smart materials with multifunctionalities.
Carbene Formation or Reduction of the Diazo Functional Group? An Unexpected Solvent‐Dependent Reactivity of Cyclic Diazo Imides
Authors: Hussain Yaseen , Empel Claire , Koenigs Rene M. , Chauhan Pankaj 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe control of the reactivity of diazo compounds is commonly achieved by the choice of a suitable catalyst, e.g. via stabilization of singlet carbenes or radical intermediates. Herein, we report on the light‐promoted reactivity of cyclic diazo imides with thiols, where the choice of solvent results in two fundamentally different reaction pathways. In dichloromethane (DCM), a carbene is formed initially and engages in a cascade C−H functionalization/thiolation reaction to deliver indane‐fused pyrrolidines in good to excellent yields. When switching to acetonitrile solvent, the carbene pathway is shut down and an unusual reduction of the diazo compound occurs under otherwise identical reaction conditions, where the aryl thiol acts as reductant. A combined set of experimental and computational studies was carried out to obtain mechanistic understanding and to support that indane formation proceeds via the insertion of a triplet carbene, while the reduction of diazo imides proceeds via an electron transfer process.
Xylene Synthesis Through Tandem CO2 Hydrogenation and Toluene Methylation Over a Composite ZnZrO Zeolite Catalyst
Authors: Shang Xin , Zhuo Hongying , Han Qiao , Yang Xiaofeng , Hou Guangjin , Liu Guodong , Su Xiong , Huang Yanqiang , Zhang Tao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSelective synthesis of specific value‐added aromatics from CO2 hydrogenation is of paramount interest for mitigating energy and climate problems caused by CO2 emission. Herein, we report a highly active composite catalyst of ZnZrO and HZSM‐5 (ZZO/Z5‐SG) for xylene synthesis from CO2 hydrogenation via a coupling reaction in the presence of toluene, achieving a xylene selectivity of 86.5 % with CO2 conversion of 10.5 %. A remarkably high space time yield of xylene could reach 215 mg gcat−1 h−1, surpassing most reported catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation. The enhanced performance of ZZO/Z5‐SG could be due to high dispersion and abundant oxygen vacancies of the ZZO component for CO2 adsorption, more feasible hydrogen activation and transfer due to the close interaction between the two components, and enhanced stability of the formate intermediate. The consumption of methoxy and methanol from the deep hydrogenation of formate by introduced toluene also propels an oriented conversion of CO2.