bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive‐Linguistic Profiles Underlying Reading Difficulties Within the Unique Characteristics of Hebrew Language and Writing System
Authors: Yinon Rotem‐ , Shaul Shelley 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWhile the multiple cognitive deficits model of reading difficulties (RD) is widely supported, different cognitive‐linguistic deficits may manifest differently depending on language and writing system characteristics. This study examined cognitive‐linguistic profiles underlying RD in Hebrew, characterised by rich Semitic morphology and two writing versions differing in orthographic consistency—a transparent‐pointed version and a deep‐unpointed version. A two‐step cluster analysis grouped 96 s graders and 81 fourth graders based on their phonological awareness (PA), rapid naming (RAN), orthographic knowledge (OK) and morphological‐pattern identification (MPI) abilities. Word‐reading accuracy and fluency in both writing versions were also examined. The analysis revealed substantial variation in cognitive‐linguistic functioning levels, identifying distinct homogeneous profiles at both ages. PA and RAN deficits were most significant across grades. A distinct OK deficit profile emerged among fourth graders, particularly manifested in Hebrew's deep‐unpointed script. Moreover, the findings converge on the conclusion that while the phonological deficit is primary and persists over time, its importance is secondary to the main morphological deficit, reflecting a central independent factor in explaining RD in Hebrew. These results support a hybrid‐dynamic perspective, emphasising how the relevance of different cognitive‐linguistic deficits underlying RD varies with development, influenced by Hebrew's unique orthographic and morphological characteristics.
EV Motor System With Magnetic Gear Satisfying High‐Power Density and High Torque Density
Authors: Aiso Kohei , Akatsu Kan , Aoyama Yasuaki 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTechnical innovations for the downsizing of motor systems are necessary to realize energy savings and roomy and comfortable car interior space in electric vehicles. In this paper, a novel motor drive system with multiple high‐speed motors and a magnetic multiple spur gear (MMSG) is proposed for electric vehicles. Furthermore, the factors leading to a high‐power density and high torque density in an MMSG system are clarified.
Relationship Between Apoptosis Induction in Cancer Cells and the Amount of Electrical Stimulation on Frequency Analysis of Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field
Authors: Ninagawa Yuto , Sugiura Ren , Kato Eiko , Yagi Ippei , Nagata Kohki , Yamaoka Hidehiko , Tachibana Kosuke , Oda Akinori , Uchida Satoshi 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTNanosecond pulse electric field (nsPEF) therapy has attracted attention in recent years as a noninvasive cancer treatment with minimal side effects. However, the relationship between the electrical stress induced in cells by the external electric field and the biological response has not been fully investigated quantitatively. We investigated the effects of nsPEF therapy on cancer cells using microgap electrodes under low‐voltage conditions. We developed an equivalent circuit model using intracellular components to determine the amount of stimulation of cellular components and performed frequency analysis of nsPEF. nsPEF applied to Jurkat cells activated caspase‐3 and induced apoptosis at shorter pulse widths. nsPEF induced biological responses and apoptosis in cancer cells. The relationship between the biological response induced by nsPEF and the amount of electrical stimulation was investigated by comparing the experimental results with frequency analysis. Using quantitative values for each cellular element, the relationship between the biological response and the amount of electrical stimulation can be integrated.
Energy of Functional Brain States Correlates With Cognition in Adolescent‐Onset Schizophrenia and Healthy Persons
Authors: Theis Nicholas , Bahuguna Jyotika , Rubin Jonathan E. , Banerjee Shubha Sankar , Muldoon Brendan , Prasad Konasale M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAdolescent‐onset schizophrenia (AOS) is relatively rare, under‐studied, and associated with more severe cognitive impairments and poorer outcomes than adult‐onset schizophrenia. Neuroimaging has shown altered regional activations (first‐order effects) and functional connectivity (second‐order effects) in AOS compared to controls. The pairwise maximum entropy model (MEM) integrates first‐ and second‐order factors into a single quantity called energy, which is inversely related to probability of occurrence of brain activity patterns. We take a combinatorial approach to study multiple brain‐wide MEMs of task‐associated components; hundreds of independent MEMs for various sub‐systems were fit to 7 Tesla functional MRI scans. Acquisitions were collected from 23 AOS individuals and 53 healthy controls while performing the Penn Conditional Exclusion Test (PCET) for executive function, which is known to be impaired in AOS. Accuracy of PCET performance was significantly reduced among AOS compared with controls. A majority of the models showed significant negative correlation between PCET scores and the total energy attained over the fMRI. Severity of psychopathology was correlated positively with energy. Across all instantiations, the AOS group was associated with significantly more frequent occurrence of states of higher energy, assessed with a mixed effects model. An example MEM instance was investigated further using energy landscapes, which visualize high and low energy states on a low‐dimensional plane, and trajectory analysis, which quantify the evolution of brain states throughout this landscape. Both supported patient‐control differences in the energy profiles. The MEM's integrated representation of energy in task‐associated systems can help characterize pathophysiology of AOS, cognitive impairments, and psychopathology.
Sanitation Facilities in Somali Households: Evidence From a Multilevel Analysis of the 2020 Health and Demographic Survey
Authors: Dahir Muhyadin Yusuf , Hassan Mohamed Said , Hossain Md. Moyazzem 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTHousehold sanitation facilities are vital for national development, disease prevention, and health. Despite some progress, many countries, including Somalia, cannot meet Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. This study aims to identify the potential factors of utilising sanitation facilities in Somalia using Somalia Health and Demographic Surveys (SHDS)‐2020 data. Chi‐square test and multilevel models were employed in this study to determine the risk factors of utilising sanitation facilities. Findings revealed that about 41.35% of the respondents lived in urban areas, 46.80% of households were classified as poor, and 87.02% had no education. Several factors significantly influenced access to appropriate sanitation services, including educational level, gender of the household head, family size, and wealth status. Affluent households were 1.11 times more likely to access sanitation than poor, while female‐headed households had 1.1 times higher odds than male‐headed ones. Findings depict disparities in sanitation access among Somali households, driven by factors such as wealth, gender, and education. Targeted interventions, including financial support for poor households and empowerment initiatives for female heads, are essential. A focus on community education and infrastructure investment is crucial for improving health outcomes in Somalia.
On the Folly of Rewarding Your Version of Performance: Signaling and the Double Empathy Problem in Pay‐For‐Performance Across Neurotypes
Authors: Conroy Samantha A. , Vogus Timothy J. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAs many organizations have sought to increase their neurodiversity, they have tended to focus on human resource (HR) practices and programs for increasing representation, especially of autistic employees. There has been comparatively less attention regarding HR practices that relate to sustaining employment and fostering workplace performance for autistic employees. Sustaining employment is a particular challenge because the signals sent by HR practices and the neurotypical managers implementing them are often differently interpreted by autistic employees—the double empathy problem. As the pay practices and pay‐for‐performance (PFP) systems critical to retention and career advancement have increasingly broadened beyond objective assessments of task performance to include more subjective assessments and contextual performance, the double empathy problem can worsen leading to unintended negative consequences. We draw upon signaling theory to theorize how and when PFP worsens or mitigates the double empathy problem. Specifically, we develop a model and set of propositions that posit how the attributes of signals (observability, consistency, and frequency), the resulting shared relevance of signals, their effects on behavior, and managers' subsequent interpretations of employee behavior and performance form a cycle through which performance‐reward signals tighten or loosen and, in turn, affect autistic employee well‐being and turnover. We close by discussing how our model may apply to other forms of neurodivergence and implications for future research regarding the practices, signals, and interpretations that create or inhibit environments supportive of neurodiversity.
Soil heavy metal concentrations in public parks before and 11 years following conversion to recycled water irrigation
Authors: Qian Yaling , Lin Yuhung , Davis Jessica G. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe potential for heavy metal accumulation in soils receiving recycled water irrigation has been a concern in recent years. To determine if there is any heavy metal accumulation in soil after 11 years of recycled water irrigation, we tested the heavy metal concentrations of archived soil samples (0–20 and 20–40 cm) collected at the commencement of recycled water irrigation and 11 years after recycled water irrigation. The samples were obtained from turfgrass areas in five parks located in Denver, CO. Heavy metals, including arsenic (As), cobalt (Co), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn), were extracted from soil samples using the ammonium bicarbonate‐diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid extractant and measured with an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometer. Results indicated that soil As and Co concentrations decreased by 50%–83% and 66%–83% after 11 years of recycled water irrigation, respectively. Soil Ni decreased at three of the five parks. At all parks, soil Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn did not show significant change. The increased soil pH under recycled water irrigation likely enhanced precipitation and adsorption of As, Co and Ni, thus reducing their plant availability. Soil heavy metal accumulation was not an environmental concern on turfgrass areas in Denver parks irrigated with the recycled water used in this experiment.
Advancements in Cartilage Tissue Engineering: A Focused Review
Authors: Welsh Breanne L. , Sikder Prabaha 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTOsteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent joint disorder that is characterized by the degeneration of articular cartilage in synovial joints. Most of the current treatment options for this disorder tend to focus on symptom management rather than addressing the underlying progression of the disease. Cartilage tissue engineering has emerged as a promising approach to address the limitations of current OA treatments, aiming to regenerate cartilage and restore the natural function of affected joints. Like any other tissue engineering field, cartilage tissue engineering uses different fabrication techniques and biomaterials to develop the constructs. Numerous studies over the last few years have demonstrated the preclinical efficacy of tissue‐engineered constructs in promoting cartilage regeneration and highlight the potential of tissue‐engineered constructs as a viable therapeutic approach for OA. This paper aims to provide a focused review of advancements in tissue‐engineered constructs over the past decade. Specifically, we highlight the constructs based on natural, synthetic, and composite biomaterials and the varying conventional and advanced fabrication techniques. We also highlight the challenges in state‐of‐the‐art cartilage tissue engineering that must be overcome in the upcoming years to fully replicate the complex anatomy of the native cartilage. We believe that continued collaborative research efforts among researchers from various facets of engineering and clinicians are required to advance the field of cartilage tissue engineering and become a viable OA therapy.
Antiproliferative Activity and Molecular Docking of Some Pyrazole‐Based Quinazolinone, Benzimidazole, and Tetrazinethione Derivatives
Authors: Ramadan Sayed K. , Abd‐Rabboh Hisham S. M. , Abou‐Elmagd Wael S. I. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTResearchers are actively looking for novel anticancer medications because cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. A fascinating area of study in medicinal chemistry is the screening of antioxidants for novel anticancer medicines, as antioxidants have lately been used as therapeutic candidates to combat a variety of ailments in aerobic species. Additionally, pyrazole‐based heterocycle synthesis is a productive approach to the drug development process. To ascertain the molecular geometry and frontier orbital analysis, a DFT simulation of the produced compounds was conducted. Compound 7 showed the lowest energy gap and hardness, while compound 7 had the maximum softness. Therefore, a few quinazoline, benzimidazole, and tetrazinethione derivatives based on pyrazoles that were synthesized in our earlier work and exhibited antioxidant qualities were tested for their in vitro antiproliferative activity against the MCF7 and HCT116 cancer cell lines. The two cancer cell lines were most effectively inhibited by derivatives of sulfonamide and tetrazinethione. The molecular docking simulation toward CDK2 protein specified the best docking score of tetrazinethione 7 followed by sulfonamide derivative 4, compared to doxorubicin and roscovitine (kinase inhibitor). Most of the amino acids interacting with these compounds were involved in that interaction with the co‐crystallized ligand. Their favorable oral bioavailability and drug‐likeness characteristics were demonstrated by a modeling pharmacokinetics investigation. This research could help create novel antiproliferative drugs that are both efficient and selective.
Iristectorin A Ameliorates Cisplatin‐Induced Hepatorenal Injury in Mice Through Modulation of the Nrf2/HO‐1 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Yalinbas‐Kaya Berrin , Tureyen Ali , Cesur Selcan , Zemheri‐Navruz Fahriye , Demirel Hasan H. , Ince Sinan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTCisplatin (CIS) is a chemotherapeutic agent frequently used in cancer treatment. However, depending on the dosage and duration of use, CIS can lead to hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Iristectorin A (IRIS), a natural flavonoid, has been found to exhibit antioxidant and protective effects. In this paper, we scrutinized the effects and molecular mechanisms of the IRIS on CIS‐induced liver and kidney damage in mice. IRIS administration alleviated CIS‐induced elevations in AST, ALT, ALP, BUN, and creatinine levels by approximately 12%, 15%, 11%, 21%, and 15%, respectively. It also inhibited liver and kidney MDA levels by approximately 29% and 28%, while enhancing liver and kidney GSH, SOD, and CAT levels by 47%–60%, 85%–70%, and 90%–55%, respectively. IRIS enhanced liver and kidney mRNA expression levels of Nrf2 (by approximately 1.6‐ and 1.5‐fold, respectively), HO‐1 (by 1.5‐ and 1.5‐fold, respectively), and Bcl‐2 (by 1.5‐ and 1.4‐fold, respectively). In addition, IRIS suppressed the mRNA expression levels of NF‐κB (by 0.7‐ and 0.7‐fold), TNF‐α (by 0.7‐ and 0.7‐fold), Bax (by 0.8‐ and 0.7‐fold), and Cas‐3 (by 0.9‐ and 0.7‐fold). Protein expression analysis revealed that IRIS increased Nrf2 (by 1.5‐ to 1.2‐fold) and Bcl‐2 levels (by 1.3‐ to 1.7‐fold), and reduced Bax (by 0.7‐ to 0.8‐fold) and Cas‐3 (by 0.8‐ and 0.8‐fold) levels altered by CIS treatment. Moreover, IRIS administration prevented histopathological changes in the liver and kidney caused by CIS. Ultimately, IRIS was found to substantially mitigate CIS‐induced hepatorenal injury by targeting oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis through regulation of the Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathway. Therefore, IRIS holds potential as a therapeutic adjuvant in the use of CIS.
A Novel Isotropic Optical Fiber: Antimicrobial Effect of Blue Light on Drug Resistant Organisms
Authors: Goh Megan H. , Rabiner Robert A. , Connolly Joseph J. , Lozano‐Calderon Santiago A. , Chen Antonia F. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTDrug‐resistant organisms (DROs) necessitate the development of new therapies. Antimicrobial blue light (ABL) is a promising option, utilizing photoexcitation of endogenous bacterial components to generate reactive oxygen species, leading to bacterial death. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of a novel isotropic optical fiber under in‐vitro conditions on multidrug‐resistant gram‐negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR‐Pa) and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Time‐to‐kill assays were conducted in tubes containing 10 mL of 0.9% NaCl solution with an inoculum of 1 × 10⁵ CFU/mL for MDR‐Pa or MRSA. The experiments were repeated at least three times per strain. Experimental tubes had either one (low power, LP) or two (high power, HP) optical fibers delivering five ABL wavelengths (405, 415, 435, 450, and 475 nm) over 60 min. Control tubes lacked optical fibers. Samples were taken at 0, 10, 20, 30, and 60 min, streaked on agar, and incubated to determine CFU/mL. Bactericidal reduction was defined as a ≥ 99.9% (≥ 3 log10) reduction in CFU/mL. One‐way ANOVA were conducted. The novel isotropic optical fiber was able to exhibit bactericidal effects for MDR‐Pa only under HP‐ABL with a log10CFU/mL ± SD difference of −3.71 ± 0.01 at 60 min (p = 0.03). Conversely, the optical fiber exhibited bactericidal effects on MRSA under both LP‐ABL and HP‐ABL with a log10CFU/mL±SD difference of −3.73 ± 0.08 at 60 min (p = 0.03) and −3.07 ± 0.28 at 20 min (p = 0.02), respectively. The isotropic optical fiber demonstrated bactericidal effects on MRSA and MDR‐Pa in in‐vitro studies and shows potential as a therapeutic option for DROs.
Prevalence of functional defecation disorders in European children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bloem Michelle N. , Baaleman Desiree F. , Thapar Nikhil , Roberts Stephen E. , Koppen Ilan J. N. , Benninga Marc A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectivesFunctional defecation disorders (FDDs) are common among children worldwide. The prevalence of these disorders has not been clearly described in Europe. This study performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis on the prevalence of FDD in European children and assessed geographical, age, and sex distribution and associated factors.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Psycinfo, Cochrane Library, and Cinahl were searched from 1999 to July 2023. Included studies were (1) prospective or cross‐sectional studies of European population‐based samples; (2) reporting the prevalence of infant dyschezia (ID) according to Rome II, III, or IV criteria or functional constipation (FC) or functional non‐retentive fecal incontinence (FNRFI) according to Rome III or IV criteria; (3) aged 0–18 years; and (4) published in English, Dutch or Spanish. PRISMA guidelines for extracting data and assessing data quality were followed.ResultsTwenty‐eight studies were included. Pooled prevalence was 6.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.1%–11.9%) for ID in infants 0–12 months (9 studies, n = 5611), 8.17% (95% CI: 6.33%–10.22%) for FC in children <4 years (25 studies, n = 35,189), 11.39% (95% CI: 9.34%–14.11%) for FC in children 4–18 years, and 0.24% (95% CI: 0.07%–0.49%) for FNRFI in children 4–18 years (7 studies, n = 16,873). No sex predominance was found for FC. FC prevalence did not differ significantly when diagnosed according to Rome III versus IV. FC prevalence differed between countries, with greatest rates in Italy, Germany, and Spain. No meta‐analysis could be performed on other factors associated with FDD.ConclusionsFDD is common in European children. Future longitudinal studies are needed to provide better insight into associated factors in pathogenesis.
NIR‐to‐NIR Lifetime Based Thermometry with the Thermally Elongated Luminescence Kinetics Driven by Structural Phase Transition in LiYO2:Yb3+
Authors: Abbas Muhammad T. , Szymczak Maja , Kinzhybalo Vasyl , Drozd Marek , Marciniak Lukasz 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAmong the various techniques used in luminescence thermometry, luminescence kinetics is considered the least sensitive to perturbations related to the optical properties of the medium containing the phosphor. For this reason, temperature sensing and imaging using lifetime‐based luminescence thermometers are of high interest for a wide range of specific applications. However, for most such thermometers, an increase in temperature leads to a shortening in lifetime, which can hinder the specificity and accuracy of the readout. In this work, an approach is presented that utilizes a thermally induced increase in the symmetry of the host material associated with a structural phase transition in LiYO2:Yb3+. Consequently, the lifetime of the excited level 2F5/2 of the Yb3+ ion is thermally prolonged, achieving a relative sensitivity of 0.5%/K. The phase transition temperature can be controlled by adjusting the dopant concentration. Additionally, thermal changes in the emission spectrum enable the use of LiYO2:Yb3+ for ratiometric temperature readout with a relative sensitivity of 5.3%/K at 280K for LiYO2:5%Yb3+.
Chemical cross‐linking facilitates antigen uptake and presentation and provides improved protection from Mpox with a dual‐antigen subunit vaccine
Authors: Chen Long , Shang Chao , Wang Zihao , Zheng Mengzhu , Zhang Cuiling , Li Dapeng , Yang Zhanqun , Dong Yuchao , Xu Yuru , Yuan Yunsheng , Fan Shiyong , Zhong Wu , Lin Jian , Li Xiao 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAntigen uptake, processing, and presentation are crucial for the immune responses of protein‐based vaccines. Herein, we introduced a reversible chemical cross‐linking strategy to engineer protein antigens, which can be tracelessly removed upon antigen‐presenting cell (APC) uptake and cellular reduction. The chemically cross‐linked antigen proteins presented significantly enhanced uptake and epitope presentation by APC. We applied this strategy to monkeypox virus antigens A29L and A35R to construct dual‐antigen subunit vaccines. Our results revealed that chemical cross‐linking was robust enough to improve both proteins' APC uptake and lymph node accumulation, with each protein being chemically cross‐linked and administered separately. In vivo validation revealed that the chemical cross‐linking of the two antigen proteins improved immune responses, with increases in antigen‐specific antibody and live virus‐neutralizing antibody production. Monkeypox virus challenge experiments revealed that dual‐antigen vaccines prepared via the chemical cross‐linking strategy mitigated tissue damage, reduced the virus load, and extended mouse survival, which proved that the chemical cross‐linking strategy is valuable for protein‐based subunit vaccine development. In consideration of the current threats from the monkeypox virus and potential future emerging pathogens, the chemical cross‐linking strategy provide powerful tools.
Optimization of Robin Laplacian Eigenvalue With Indefinite Weight in Spherical Shell
Authors: Schneider Baruch , Schneiderová Diana , Zhang Yifan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper is concerned with an optimization problem of Robin Laplacian eigenvalue with respect to an indefinite weight, which is formulated as a shape optimization problem thanks to the known bang–bang distribution of the optimal weight function. The minimization of the principal eigenvalue of the problem in a spherical shell of an arbitrary dimension is fully solved.