bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deformation behaviors of flip chip plastic ball grid array packages subjected to temperature change using moiré interferometry
Authors: Kim D. H. , Joo J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhen the temperature of the package assembly is changed, non‐uniform deformation and local stress may occur owing to the different thermal expansion coefficients of the constituent materials, while concentrated thermal stress may cause significant failure. In this study, we carry out an experiment and analysis of the thermal deformation of a flip chip plastic ball grid array package with respect to temperature change. Interference fringe patterns representing the displacement distribution of each temperature stage are obtained using a Moiré interferometry and the bending deformation behavior and the strain of the solder ball are analyzed thereafter. We compare the deformation behavior of a single‐sided package assembly and a double‐sided package assembly. The effective strain, which significantly affects the failure of the solder ball, is found to be the largest in the solder ball just outside the edge of the chip in the case of the single‐sided package assembly. In the case of the double‐sided package assembly, the maximum effective strain is found in the solder ball just inside the edge of the chip, with a value approximately 50 % larger than in the case of the single‐sided package assembly.
Outcomes of patients in rural communities undergoing autologous breast reconstruction: A comparison of cost and patient demographics with implications for rural health policy
Authors: Weidman Allan A. , Kim Erin , Valentine Lauren , Foppiani Jose , Alvarez Angelica Hernandez , Bustos Valeria P. , Lee Bernard T. , Lin Samuel J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients with breast cancer living in rural areas are less likely to undergo breast reconstruction. Further, given the additional training and resources required for autologous reconstruction, it is likely that rural patients face barriers to accessing these surgical options. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine if there are disparities in autologous breast reconstruction care among rural patients on the national level.MethodsThe Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database was queried from 2012 to 2019 using ICD9/10 codes for breast cancer diagnoses and autologous breast reconstruction. The resulting data set was analyzed for patient, hospital, and complication‐specific information with counties comprised of less than 10,000 inhabitants classified as rural.ResultsFrom 2012 to 2019, 89,700 weighted encounters for autologous breast reconstruction involved patients who lived in non‐rural areas, while 3605 involved patients from rural counties. The majority of rural patients underwent reconstruction at urban teaching hospitals. However, rural patients were more likely than non‐rural patients to have their surgery at a rural hospital (6.8% vs. 0.7%). Rural‐county residing patients had lower odds of receiving a deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap compared to non‐rural‐county residing patients (OR 0.51 CI: 0.48–0.55, p < .0001). Further, rural patients were more likely to experience infection and wound disruption than urban patients (p < .05), regardless of where they underwent surgery. Complication rates were similar among rural patients who received care at rural hospitals versus urban hospitals (p > .05). Meanwhile, the cost of autologous breast reconstruction was higher (p = .011) for rural patients at an urban hospital ($30,066.2, SD19,965.5) than at a rural hospital ($25,049.5, SD12,397.2).ConclusionPatients living in rural areas face disparities in health care, including lower odds of being potentially offered gold‐standard breast reconstruction treatments. Increased microsurgical option availability and patient education in rural areas may help alleviate current disparities in breast reconstruction.
Determination of tibial somatosensory evoked potentials predicts detrusor sphincter dyssynergia in children with neurogenic bladder dysfunction
Authors: Erdogan Ezgi Tuna , Ozel Kerem , Matur Zeliha , Alizada Orkhan , Canaz Huseyin , Alatas Ibrahim 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionTibial somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) are used to identify the neurological status and tethered cord (TC) in patients with spina bifida (SB). Its significance in contributing to the interpretation of urodynamics to determine bladder status is unknown. This study aimed to determine the correlation between SEP and urodynamics in children with SB.Material and MethodsSEP and urodynamic results, for differential diagnosis of TC, were evaluated. SEP scores were correlated with urodynamic findings. SEP results were scored from 1 to 6, with 1, denoting a favorable score and 6, an unfavorable score. Age, gender, detrusor, and sphincter activities in urodynamics were noted. Results were analyzed using the χ2 test and logistic regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was formed to get a valid threshold for the SEP score to predict the urodynamic condition.ResultsThere were 44 SB patients for whom SEP was done for differential diagnosis of TC. Fifteen patients who did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded from the study. SB aperta was present in 17 patients and occulta in 12, respectively. The patients had a mean age of 6.6 ± 3.2 years. There were 13 boys and 16 girls. A strong correlation was found between high SEP scores and detrusor sphincter dyssynergia (p < 0.001). A SEP score over 3.5 was found to be 93% sensitive and 73% specific to predict this correlation. There was no relationship between detrusor activity and SEP scores (p = 0.18).DiscussionTibial SEP is an important noninvasive adjunct tool for the diagnosis of TC in patients with SB. Urodynamic studies are the gold standard in the evaluation of bladder status in neurogenic bladder dysfunction due to SB. Detrusor sphincter dyssynergia may be regarded as a sign of severe spinal cord injury in these patients.ConclusionOur findings suggest that in children with neurogenic bladder, high SEP scores may predict the presence of detrusor sphincter dyssynergia but not the status of detrusor function while providing pathophysiological evidence for neural injury.
Super‐resolution of sodium images from simultaneous 1H MRF/23Na MRI acquisition
Authors: Rodriguez Gonzalo G. , Yu Zidan , Shaykevich Sarah , O'Donnell Lauren F. , Aguilera Liz , Cloos Martijn A. , Madelin Guillaume 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this work, we introduce a super‐resolution method that generates a high‐resolution (HR) sodium (23Na) image from simultaneously acquired low‐resolution (LR) 23Na density‐weighted MRI and HR proton density, T1, and T2 maps from proton (1H) MR fingerprinting in the brain at 7 T. The core of our method is a partial least squares regression between the HR (1H) images and the LR (23Na) image. An iterative loop and deconvolution with the point spread function of each acquired image were included in the algorithm to generate a final HR 23Na image without losing features from the LR 23Na image. The method was applied to simultaneously acquired HR proton and LR sodium data with in‐plane resolution ratios between sodium and proton data of 3.8 and 1.9 and the same slice thickness. Four volunteers were scanned to evaluate the method's performance. For the data with a resolution ratio of 3.8, the mean absolute difference between the generated and ground truth HR 23Na images was in the range of 1.5%–7.2% of the ground truth with a multiscale structural similarity index (M‐SSIM) of 0.93 ± 0.03. For the data with a resolution ratio of 1.9, the mean absolute difference was in the range of 4.8%–6.3% with an M‐SSIM of 0.95 ± 0.01.
Dynamic management network system of automobile detection applying edge computing
Authors: Cao Xianhong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDynamic vehicle detection requires the transmission of large amounts of data collected by different types of sensors to the edge computing nodes. This is likely to cause network delays and congestion, affecting the computation of the edge computing nodes and thus posing serious security risks. Therefore, optimizing data transmission between vehicles and edge computing nodes is a new challenge to be addressed in the practical application of edge computing‐based vehicle dynamic detection architectures. The data requirements of VDT for vehicle detection dynamic detection in different environments are considered, the optimization objectives and constraints are analysed, and a deviation detection and greedy algorithm is proposed in this paper to address the problems of long mixed‐integer linear programme solution time and insufficient practical applications, and the performance of the algorithm is evaluated through simulation experiments conducted by simulation of urban mobility, a traffic flow simulation tool, and PreScan, a vehicle simulation test software. The results show that compared with the deviation detection algorithm, the greedy algorithm can reduce the communication overhead by 82.6%–86.2% in all cases and improve the performance by 13.6%–19.5%, which is more suitable for practical applications. The results of this paper contribute to the automation and modernization of vehicle technology management and information transfer.
Factors associated with the sleep disturbances of people with breast cancer during chemotherapy in China: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zhu Wenjuan , Li Wanling , Gao Jinnan , Wang Linying , Guo Jun , Yang Hui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to investigate the incidence of sleep disturbance and its relationship with anxiety and depression symptoms, social support and hope in breast cancer patients in China during chemotherapy.DesignA single‐centre cross‐sectional study.MethodsA total of 329 breast cancer patients were selected via convenience sampling method before they began chemotherapy (n = 115), before the 5th week of chemotherapy (n = 117) or 1 month after chemotherapy ended (n = 97) and administered paper‐and‐pencil questionnaires to evaluate sleep quality, depression and anxiety symptoms, social support and hope. Risk factors significantly associated with sleep disturbance during bivariate were incorporated in the multivariate analysis. Bivariate analyses showed that age, menopausal status, depression and anxiety symptoms, emotional/informational support, tangible support, affectionate support, positive social interaction and total support were predictors of sleep disturbance.ResultsSleep disturbance was prevalent in breast cancer patients before (27.0%), during (32.5%) and after (39.2%) chemotherapy, with 37.4%, 41.9% and 52.6% of participants, respectively, reporting sleeping below the recommended 7 h. Only 8.6%–15.5% of patients reported taking sedative‐hypnotic drugs during the chemotherapy. Multivariate analyses found that participants reporting clinically significant anxiety (HADS > 8) were 3.5 times more likely to report sleep disturbance (PSQI > 8) than participants without clinically significant anxiety, and each increment in emotional/informational support was associated with a 9.04% reduced risk of sleep disturbance. Moreover, age was an independent predictor of sleep disturbance during multivariate modelling.
Lower mitochondrial respiration does not lead to decreased fat oxidation in young African American women without obesity
Authors: Dubé John J. , Toledo Frederico G. S. , Coen Paul M. , Goodpaster Bret H. , DeLany James P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe prevalence of type 2 diabetes in African American women (AAW) is nearly twice that of White women. Lower insulin sensitivity and decreased mitochondrial function may be contributing factors. The purpose of this study was to compare fat oxidation in AAW and White women.MethodsParticipants were 22 AAW and 22 White women, matched for age (18.7–38.3 years) and BMI (< 28 kg/m2). Participants completed two submaximal (50% VO2max) exercise tests with indirect calorimetry and stable isotope tracers to assess total, plasma, and intramyocellular triglyceride fat oxidation.ResultsThe respiratory quotient during the exercise test was nearly identical in AAW and White women (0.813 ± 0.008 vs. 0.810 ± 0.008, p = 0.83). Although absolute total and plasma fat oxidation was lower in AAW, adjusting for the lower workload in AAW eliminated these racial differences. There was no racial difference in plasma and intramyocellular triglyceride source of fat for oxidation. No racial differences were observed in rates of ex vivo fat oxidation. Exercise efficiency was lower in AAW when adjusted to leg fat free mass.ConclusionsThe data suggest that fat oxidation is not lower in AAW compared with White women, but additional studies are needed across exercise intensity, body weight, and age to confirm these results.
Nanomole‐scale photochemical thiol‐ene chemistry for high‐throughput late‐stage diversification of peptide macrocycles
Authors: Nolan Mark D. , Schüttel Mischa , Scanlan Eoin M. , Nielsen Alexander L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe photochemical thiol‐ene reaction is an efficient method for rapid and chemoselective formation of thioether linkages under mild conditions. It has found widespread use in small‐molecule synthesis as well as peptide and protein chemistry. While high‐throughput experimentation provides an invaluable tool for drug discovery, the considerable potential of the thiol‐ene reaction remains unexplored in this context. Herein, we report the development of nanomole‐scale photochemical thiol‐ene chemistry, performed using an automated approach in 1536‐well plates in a cost‐efficient custom reactor. Through careful reaction design and selection of reactants, this chemistry is applied to the lateral diversification of peptidic macrocycles to yield high purity crude mixtures. Selection of the photoinitiator 2,2‐dimethoxy‐2‐phenylacetophenone yields volatile breakdown products, which facilitates removal in vacuo. We demonstrate the use of this approach in late‐stage diversification of peptidic macrocycles with 96 examples averaging 95% conversion to the desired product.
Characterization and mapping of MIS‐2 thermal contraction crack polygons in Western Transdanubia, Hungary
Authors: Farkas Beáta , Sipos György , Bartyik Tamás , Józsa Edina , Czigány Szabolcs , Balogh Richárd , Varga Gábor , Kovács János , Fábián Szabolcs Ákos 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Pannonian Basin was located in the southernmost, disputed limit of permafrost during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). In the western part of the basin, over an area of 1,200 km2, more than 150 sites with polygonal patterned ground were surveyed, and 72 sediment samples from forms identified as relict sand wedges were collected. Ten optically stimulated luminescence ages were obtained from the infills, while morphometric analyses were also carried out on satellite images. Our study revealed that the polygonal networks developed in several phases, from 15.01 ± 1.68 to 23.0 ± 1.7 ka. The polygons have an average diameter of 13–23 m and are mainly present on flat surfaces, intruding into the gravelly, alluvial host of the paleo‐Rába. Statistical analyses highlighted the short transportation period of the sandy infill and multiple sediment provenances. This study adds further data to assess the presence of permafrost or deep seasonal frost and to the interpretation of the LGM in the central European periglacial domain.
Safety study of moxifloxacin in children with severe refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia
Authors: He Yu‐Shan , Yang Mei , Liu Gang , Ji Jian , Qian Su‐Yun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundWith the increase in macrolide‐resistant M. pneumoniae infections, off‐label use is difficult to avoid. This study assessed the safety of moxifloxacin in pediatric patients with severe refractory M. pneumoniae pneumonia (SRMPP).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of children with SRMPP between January 2017 and November 2020 at Beijing Children's Hospital. They were divided into the moxifloxacin group and azithromycin group according to whether or not moxifloxacin was used. The clinical symptoms, radiographs of both knees, and cardiac ultrasounds of the children were collected after drug withdrawal for at least 1 year. A multidisciplinary team reviewed all adverse events and determined their relationship with moxifloxacin.ResultsA total of 52 children with SRMPP were included in this study (31 in the moxifloxacin group and 21 in the azithromycin group). In the moxifloxacin group, four patients had arthralgia, one had joint effusion, and seven had heart valve regurgitation. In the azithromycin group, three patients had arthralgia, one had claudication, and one had heart valve regurgitation; no obvious knee abnormalities were observed in the radiographs. No statistically significant differences in clinical symptoms or imaging findings were found between the groups. As for the adverse events, 11 patients in moxifloxacin group were deemed to be doubtfully related and one possibly related to moxifloxacin; in the azithromycin group, four patients were regarded to be doubtfully related to azithromycin and one not related.ConclusionMoxifloxacin was well tolerated and safe for treating SRMPP in children.
Lung perfusion assessment in children with long‐COVID: A pilot study
Authors: Pizzuto Daniele Antonio , Buonsenso Danilo , Morello Rosa , De Rose Cristina , Valentini Piero , Fragano A. , Baldi Fabiana , Di Giuda Daniela 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is increasing evidence that chronic endotheliopathy can play a role in patients with Post‐Covid Condition (PCC, or Long Covid) by affecting peripheral vascularization. This pilot study aimed at assessing lung perfusion in children with Long‐COVID with 99mTc‐MAA SPECT/CT.Materials and Methodslung 99mTc‐MAA SPECT/CT was performed in children with Long‐COVID and a pathological cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Intravenous injections were performed on patients in the supine position immediately before the planar scan according to the EANM guidelines for lung scintigraphy in children, followed by lung SPECT/CT acquisition. Reconstructed studies were visually analyzed.ResultsClinical and biochemical data were collected during acute infection and follow‐up in 14 children (6 females, mean age: 12.6 years) fulfilling Long‐COVID diagnostic criteria and complaining of chronic fatigue and postexertional malaise after mild efforts, documented by CPET. Imaging results were compared with clinical scenarios during acute infection and follow‐up. Six out of 14 (42.8%) children showed perfusion defects on 99mTc‐MAA SPECT/CT scan, without morphological alterations on coregistered CT.ConclusionsThis pilot investigation confirmed previous data suggesting that a small subgroup of children can develop lung perfusion defects after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Larger cohort studies are needed to confirm these preliminary results, providing also a better understanding of which children may deserve this test and how to manage those with lung perfusion defects.
Fisetin attenuates doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting the insulin‐like growth factor II receptor apoptotic pathway through estrogen receptor‐α/‐β activation
Authors: Lin Kuan‐Ho , Ramesh Samiraj , Agarwal Sakshi , Kuo Wei‐Wen , Kuo Chia‐Hua , Chen Michael Yu‐Chih , Lin Yueh‐Min , Ho Tsung‐Jung , Huang Pei‐Chen , Huang Chih‐Yang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDoxorubicin (DOX), an effective chemotherapeutic drug, has been used to treat various cancers; however, its cardiotoxic side effects restrict its therapeutic efficacy. Fisetin, a flavonoid phytoestrogen derived from a range of fruits and vegetables, has been reported to exert cardioprotective effects against DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated fisetin's cardioprotective role and mechanism against DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts and ovariectomized (OVX) rat models. MTT assay revealed that fisetin treatment noticeably rescued DOX‐induced cell death in a dose‐dependent manner. Moreover, western blotting and TUNEL‐DAPI staining showed that fisetin significantly attenuated DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting the insulin‐like growth factor II receptor (IGF‐IIR) apoptotic pathway through estrogen receptor (ER)‐α/‐β activation. The echocardiography, biochemical assay, and H&E staining results demonstrated that fisetin reduced DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity by alleviating cardiac dysfunction, myocardial injury, oxidative stress, and histopathological damage. These findings imply that fisetin has a significant therapeutic potential against DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity.
Sustainable wastewater management: An imperative for urban development in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Seedat‐Khan Mariam , Ogunsola Victor Iyanuoluwa , Okocha Richard Obinna , Owoyomi Adekunle Victor , Ramnund‐Mansingh Aradhana 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe disproportionate populace progression in Lagos, Nigeria, and industrial undertakings have augmented the region's quantity and quality of waste. The magnitude of waste has initiated a disparaging alteration in the ecosystem of Lagos. Combining the population and volume of industrial waste has overwhelmed the city's existing wastewater management system (WWMS). This study offers an exploratory review of contemporary scholarship, which has reconnoitered sustainable WWMS as a conduit for significant interventions. The qualitative data was extracted from secondary and primary sources. Key informant interviews were conducted with the Lagos State Wastewater Management Office officials. A non‐participant observation approach was used to retrieve the Ogba Industrial Estate data in Ikeja. A plastic manufacturing plant in Amowo Odofin and familial residences in Bariga and Surulere served as empirical observation sites. The analysis embraced a sustainability framework, countenancing the construction of a holistic approach inclusive of environmental, political, economic, and social culpability. While the study established associated legal statutes, lawful compliance with WWMS was deficient. Verification includes frustration with multiple taxations, unpredictable government guidelines and scarce land. Derisory prioritization on environmental impact, scant infrastructure and inadequate technical knowledge are rationalizations for non‐compliance with WWMS in Lagos. The study has identified the urgent need for practical, sustainable WWMS to meet an explosive urban population's needs. The realization of cost‐effective WWMS promises to deliver social and environmental benefits while augmenting socio‐economic and health prospects in Lagos.