bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative fatty acid signature analysis reveals a high level of dietary specialization in killer whales across the North Atlantic
Authors: Remili Anaïs , Dietz Rune , Sonne Christian , Samarra Filipa I. P. , Rikardsen Audun H. , Kettemer Lisa E. , Ferguson Steven H. , Watt Cortney A. , Matthews Cory J. D. , Kiszka Jeremy J. , Jourdain Eve , Borgå Katrine , Ruus Anders , Granquist Sandra M. , Rosing‐Asvid Aqqalu , McKinney Melissa A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Quantifying the diet composition of apex marine predators such as killer whales (Orcinus orca) is critical to assessing their food web impacts. Yet, with few exceptions, the feeding ecology of these apex predators remains poorly understood.

Here, we use our newly validated quantitative fatty acid signature analysis (QFASA) approach on nearly 200 killer whales and over 900 potential prey to model their diets across the 5000 km span of the North Atlantic.

Diet estimates show that killer whales mainly consume other whales in the western North Atlantic (Canadian Arctic, Eastern Canada), seals in the mid‐North Atlantic (Greenland), and fish in the eastern North Atlantic (Iceland, Faroe Islands, Norway). Nonetheless, diet estimates also varied widely among individuals within most regions. This level of inter‐individual feeding variation should be considered for future ecological studies focusing on killer whales in the North Atlantic and other oceans.

These estimates reveal remarkable population‐ and individual‐level variation in the trophic ecology of these killer whales, which can help to assess how their predation impacts community and ecosystem dynamics in changing North Atlantic marine ecosystems.

This new approach provides researchers with an invaluable tool to study the feeding ecology of oceanic top predators.
The use of nomogram for detecting mild cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Maimaitituerxun Rehanguli , Chen Wenhang , Xiang Jingsha , Xie Yu , Kaminga Atipatsa C. , Wu Xin Yin , Chen Letao , Yang Jianzhou , Liu Aizhong , Dai Wenjie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is highly prevalent worldwide and may lead to a higher rate of cognitive dysfunction. This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram‐based model to detect mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in T2DM patients.MethodsInpatients with T2DM in the endocrinology department of Xiangya Hospital were consecutively enrolled between March and December 2021. Well‐qualified investigators conducted face‐to‐face interviews with participants to retrospectively collect sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, T2DM‐related information, and history of depression and anxiety. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini‐Mental State Examination scale. A nomogram was developed to detect MCI based on the results of the multivariable logistic regression analysis. Calibration, discrimination, and clinical utility of the nomogram were subsequently evaluated by calibration plot, receiver operating characteristic curve, and decision curve analysis, respectively.ResultsA total of 496 patients were included in this study. The prevalence of MCI in T2DM patients was 34.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 29.9%–38.3%). Age, marital status, household income, diabetes duration, diabetic retinopathy, anxiety, and depression were independently associated with MCI. Nomogram based on these factors had an area under the curve of 0.849 (95% CI: 0.815–0.883), and the threshold probability ranged from 35.0% to 85.0%.ConclusionsAlmost one in three T2DM patients suffered from MCI. The nomogram, based on age, marital status, household income, duration of diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, anxiety, and depression, achieved an optimal diagnosis of MCI. Therefore, it could provide a clinical basis for detecting MCI in T2DM patients.
Firm size‐specific trade effects of regional trade agreements: Estimating extensive and intensive margins of trade
Authors: Park Soonchan , Park Innwon 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe estimate the impacts of Korean firms’ participation in regional trade agreements (RTAs) on the extensive and intensive export margins by identifying exporting firms based on their firm size—small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) and large enterprises (LEs) at the 5 399 HS six‐digit commodity level—and specifying characteristics of RTAs from 2004 to 2015. We apply the EK Tobit estimation technique to control zero trade and the OLS estimation with importer‐product and time fixed effects to alleviate the endogeneity problem. We find that firm size, product type, and depth of RTA significantly matter. Specifically, we find that deeper RTAs with larger, developing, and closer members significantly enhance the export creation effects of SMEs and LEs. Regarding the firm size‐specific effects, we find that SMEs are less sensitive to exploiting RTA participation but more sensitive to the import market size, bilateral and relative trade costs, and the RTA characteristics. LEs’ export creation is mainly driven by the intensive margin, while SMEs’ export creation is driven by extensive and intensive margins (slightly more by the extensive margin). For the product‐specific effects, we find that Korea's major exportable products such as chemicals, basic metals, motor vehicles, and transport equipment generate significantly strong export creation effects for both LEs and SMEs through their participation in RTAs.
Comprehensive clinical pharmacology characterization of AZD4635 in healthy participants to support dosing considerations
Authors: Moorthy Ganesh , Pouliot Gayle Pageau , Graham Lorraine , Pilling Elizabeth , Jung Lindsey , Alcobi Rachael , Zhu Yali , Li Yan , Sidhu Sharan , Forte Pablo , Mugundu Ganesh 
Published: April 2023

AimsTwo phase 1 studies characterized the oral bioavailability of AZD4635 (potential anticancer therapy) and factors that may influence its pharmacokinetics (PKs; food, smoking, proton‐pump inhibitors [PPIs] and CYP1A2 inhibitors) to support continued clinical development of AZD4635.MethodsStudy 1 (comparative PK study; nonsmokers) consists of Part A and Part B. Participants (fasted) in Part A were administered 50 mg of AZD4635 either as nanosuspension or capsule. In Part B, these participants were administered a 50‐mg capsule either following a high‐fat meal or with a PPI in the fasted state. In Study 2 (CYP1A2 mediated drug‐drug interaction study), a 25‐mg AZD4635 capsule was administered to smokers and nonsmokers (fasted) with or without 100 mg of fluvoxamine.ResultsIn Study 1 (N = 21), AZD4635 exposure was comparable between the capsule and nanosuspension. The high‐fat meal produced a 12% decrease in AUCinf, a ≥50% reduction in Cmax and delayed absorption (Tmax: 4.0 h vs 1.5 h) for the capsule. The PPI did not affect the oral bioavailability of the AZD4635 capsule. In Study 2 (N = 28), AZD4635 + fluvoxamine (compared with AZD4635 alone) produced ~5‐fold increases in AUCinf, 2‐fold increases in Cmax and prolonged AZD4635 elimination half‐life in smokers (22.7 vs 9.0 h) and nonsmokers (22.4 vs 9.2 h). All treatment regimens were well tolerated. The most common adverse events included dizziness, nausea and headache.ConclusionsThe high‐fat meal reduced the rate but not the extent of AZD4635 absorption. The effect of gastric pH on AZD4635 was minimal. Smoking had no effect on the exposure (Cmax and AUCinf) of AZD4635, while fluvoxamine increased AZD4635 Cmax and total exposure. No new safety concerns were identified.
Ensovibep, a SARS‐CoV‐2 antiviral designed ankyrin repeat protein, is safe and well tolerated in healthy volunteers: Results of a first‐in‐human, ascending single‐dose Phase 1 study
Authors: Stojcheva Nina , Gladman Stacy , Soergel Marianne , Zitt Christof , Drake Roxana , Lockett Tony , Marchand Carine , Fustier Pierre , Stavropoulou Vaia , Fernandez Elena , Pettigiani Nathana Lopes , Watkins Kate , Puri Adeep , Watson Randall , Legenne Philippe , Stumpp Michael T. , Boyce Malcolm 
Published: April 2023

AimsThis study aimed to assess safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) effects of ensovibep, a designed ankyrin repeat protein antiviral being evaluated as a COVID‐19 treatment, in healthy volunteers in a first‐in‐human ascending single‐dose study.MethodsSubjects were dosed intravenously, in a randomized double‐blinded manner, with either ensovibep at 3, 9 or 20 mg/kg or with placebo, and followed until Day 100. PK and safety were assessed throughout the study duration. Immunogenicity and PD via viral neutralization in serum were also assessed.ResultsAll adverse events were of mild to moderate severity, and no serious adverse events were observed. One subject who received the 20‐mg/kg dose presented with moderate hypersensitivity vasculitis 3 weeks after infusion, which fully resolved using standard procedures. In most subjects ensovibep showed expected mono‐exponential decline with a half‐life of around 2 weeks. Anti‐drug antibodies were detected in 15 of 17 subjects, with the earliest onset detected on Day 29. Viral neutralization assays on subject serum showed effective viral neutralization over the first 3 weeks following dosing with titre values in a dose dependent manner.ConclusionEnsovibep proved safe in this first‐in‐human safety study and exhibited PK and PD parameters consistent with the expected treatment period required for acute COVID‐19 infection.
Single‐cell RNA sequencing reveals new subtypes of lens superficial tissue in humans
Authors: Zhu Meng‐Chao , Hu Wei , Lin Lei , Yang Qing‐Wen , Zhang Lu , Xu Jia‐Lin , Xu Yi‐Tong , Liu Jia‐Sheng , Zhang Meng‐Di , Tong Xiao‐Yu , Zhu Kai‐Yi , Feng Ke , Feng Yi , Su Jian‐Zhong , Huang Xiu‐Feng , Li Jin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAlthough the cell atlas of the human ocular anterior segment of the human eye was revealed by single‐nucleus RNA sequencing, whether subtypes of lens stem/progenitor cells exist among epithelial cells and the molecular characteristics of cell differentiation of the human lens remain unclear. Single‐cell RNA sequencing is a powerful tool to analyse the heterogeneity of tissues at the single cell level, leading to a better understanding of the processes of cell differentiation. By profiling 18,596 cells in human lens superficial tissue through single‐cell sequencing, we identified two subtypes of lens epithelial cells that specifically expressed C8orf4 and ADAMTSL4 with distinct spatial localization, a new type of fibre cells located directly adjacent to the epithelium, and a subpopulation of ADAMTSL4+ cells that might be lens epithelial stem/progenitor cells. We also found two trajectories of lens epithelial cell differentiation and changes of some important genes during differentiation.
The effect of group status on children's hierarchy‐reinforcing beliefs
Authors: Rizzo Michael T. , Roberts Steven O. , Rhodes Marjorie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMembers of advantaged groups are more likely than members of disadvantaged groups to think, feel, and behave in ways that reinforce their group's position within the hierarchy. This study examined how children's status within a group‐based hierarchy shapes their beliefs about the hierarchy and the groups that comprise it in ways that reinforce the hierarchy. To do this, we randomly assigned children (4–8 years; N = 123; 75 female, 48 male; 21 Asian, 9 Black, 21 Latino/a, 1 Middle‐Eastern/North‐African, 14 multiracial, 41 White, 16 not‐specified) to novel groups that differed in social status (advantaged, disadvantaged, neutral third‐party) and assessed their beliefs about the hierarchy. Across five separate assessments, advantaged‐group children were more likely to judge the hierarchy to be fair, generalizable, and wrong to challenge and were more likely to hold biased intergroup attitudes and exclude disadvantaged group members. In addition, with age, children in both the advantaged‐ and disadvantaged‐groups became more likely to see membership in their own group as inherited, while at the same time expecting group‐relevant behaviors to be determined more by the environment. With age, children also judged the hierarchy to be more unfair and expected the hierarchy to generalize across contexts. These findings provide novel insights into how children's position within hierarchies can contribute to the formation of hierarchy‐reinforcing beliefs.Research Highlights
A total of 123 4–8‐year‐olds were assigned to advantaged, disadvantaged, and third‐party groups within a hierarchy and were assessed on seven hierarchy‐reinforcing beliefs about the hierarchy.
Advantaged children were more likely to say the hierarchy was fair, generalizable, and wrong to challenge and to hold intergroup biases favoring advantaged group members.
With age, advantaged‐ and disadvantaged‐group children held more essentialist beliefs about membership in their own group, but not the behaviors associated with their group.
Results suggest that advantaged group status can shape how children perceive and respond to the hierarchies they are embedded within.
The physical and mental health returns of Head Start 25 years after participation: Evidence from income eligibility cutoffs
Authors: Lacey Lindsey 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMost studies that look at long‐term effects of Head Start, the largest early childhood intervention in the US, exploit its rollout in the 1960s, missing the effects of many changes to the program in the 1980s and 1990s. I study the effects of Head Start on long‐term physical and mental health for children who attend Head Start in the 1980s–1990s and are new labor market entrants. I find large improvements in health, resulting in a 0.15 standard deviation decrease in the incidence of poor health. Ultimately, Head Start improves health outcomes up to 25 years after participation in the program.
Colleagues or adversaries: Ministerial coordination across party lines
Authors: Klüser K. Jonathan , Schmuck David , Sieberer Ulrich 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn multiparty governments, policymaking is a collaborative effort among the different incumbent parties. Often hidden by public debates about broader government policy, the necessary coordination routinely happens at the ministerial level, where ministries of different parties jointly devise viable and equitable policy solutions. However, since coordination involves substantial transaction costs, governments must carefully gauge the potential benefits. We study the political rationales that motivate governments to make this investment. We argue that coordination during the process of ministerial policy design hinges on both a conducive ministerial structure and sufficient authority. Once these conditions are met, cross‐party coordination is more likely in policy areas where the implementation of government policy cannot be taken for granted. We investigate these claims, drawing on two new datasets. The first contains information about ministerial collaborations on all legislative projects sponsored by German governments, while the second maps the distribution of policy responsibilities among German ministries from 1976 until 2013, based on data about the policy briefs of all individual working units within the top‐level federal executive. Given that ministries imprint their own perspective on legislation, our results are beyond administrative pedantries, but have substantial implications for the type and content of policies coalition governments formulate.
Estimating the effect of dialysis staffing ratio regulations on mortality and hospitalizations for Medicare hemodialysis patients
Authors: Jacob Allan , Norris Conor , Timmons Edward 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesEight states and Washington, DC have implemented regulations mandating a minimum ratio between treatment staff and patients receiving hemodialysis in a facility in an effort to improve the quality of hemodialysis treatment. Our investigation examines the association between minimum staffing regulations and patient mortality for four states and hospitalizations for two states that implemented these rules during our sample period.Design, Setting, Participants, and MeasurementsWe utilized a synthetic difference in differences estimation to analyze the effect of minimum staffing ratios on hemodialysis treatment quality, measured by deaths and hospitalizations for end‐stage renal disease patients. We used data gathered by the US Renal Data System and aggregated at the state level.ResultsWe are unable to find evidence that mandated dialysis staffing ratios area associated with a reduction in mortality or hospitalizations. We estimate a slight reduction in deaths per 1000 patient hours and a slight increase in hospitalizations, but neither are statistically significant.ConclusionsWe were unable to find evidence that minimum staffing ratios for hemodialysis facilities are associated with improved patient outcomes. Our findings highlight the need for future work, studying the impact of these regulations at the facility level.
Is Macroprudential Policy Instrument Blunt? Empirical Analysis Based on Japan's Experience from the 1970s to the 1990s
Authors: SONODA KATSURAKO , SUDO NAO 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMacroprudential instruments, especially sectoral instruments, are considered to be precise tools that work only in areas of concern. However, it has not yet been fully tested in practice whether they affect only the targeted sectors and do not have undesirable spillover effects on nontargeted sectors. To fill this gap, we empirically study the impact of an instrument called Quantitative Restriction (QR), a policy tool used in Japan in the 1990s to curb excessive land price rises by requiring banks to contain real estate lending. We use narrative records to construct QR shocks and estimate their impact using a factor‐augmented vector autoregression (FAVAR). Our findings are summarized as follows. First, contractionary QR shocks reduced not only real estate lending and land prices, but also lending to other industries, putting downward pressure on the macroeconomy and lowering bank solvency. Second, industry groups and banks with balance sheets that were more exposed to changes in land prices and real estate transactions responded greater to these shocks, illustrating the role of balance sheet composition in spillovers and the importance of choosing the right timing for implementation following these shocks, suggesting that there may have been leakages through these institutions. Third, some nonbank financial institutions that were not required to report the loan results to the authorities did not reduce their lending following these shocks, which accords with the view that there were leakages through these institutions.
A qualitative exploration of the strategies used by patients and nurses when navigating a standardised care programme
Authors: Roche Dominic , Jones Aled 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe main aim of this paper is to explore and discuss the interesting juxtaposition of patient involvement within a standardised Enhanced Recovery After Surgery care programme (ERAS). We address our aim by examining the work and strategies of nursing staff caring for patients during postoperative recovery from surgery, exploring how these two potentially competing priorities might effectively co‐exist within a hospital ward. This was a qualitative exploratory study, with data generated through 42 semi‐structured interviews with patients and nurses who had taken part in an ERAS programme in one of three hospital wards in the United Kingdom, adopting a reflexive thematic approach to data analysis. We shine a light on the work undertaken by patients and nurses during the navigation of postoperative recovery, identifying strategies of collaboration and negotiation during this journey. Furthermore, we also identify and consider patients engaged in peer‐peer support during postoperative recovery. This paper adds to the existing literature and current ways of thinking in relation to the quest for standardised, clinically effective care balanced with the aspirations for individualised, patient‐centred care. This paper also helps inform thinking about the use of care pathways in relation to service delivery, considering how best to initiate and deploy best practice aimed at safe and effective postoperative recovery.
The miR156b–GmSPL2b module mediates male fertility regulation of cytoplasmic male sterility‐based restorer line under high‐temperature stress in soybean
Authors: Ding Xianlong , Guo Jinfeng , Lv Menglin , Wang Hongjie , Sheng Ying , Liu Ying , Gai Junyi , Yang Shouping 
Published: April 2023

SummaryHigh‐temperature (HT) stress at flowering stage causes significant damage to soybean, including pollen abortion and fertilization failure, but few genes involved in male fertility regulation under HT stress in soybean have been characterized. Here, we demonstrated that miR156b–GmSPL2b module involved in male fertility regulation of soybean cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS)‐based restorer line under HT stress. Overexpression of miR156b decreased male fertility in soybean CMS‐based restorer line and its hybrid F1 with CMS line under HT stress. RNA‐seq analysis found that miR156b mediated male fertility regulation in soybean under HT stress by regulating the expression of pollen development and HT response related genes. Metabolomic analysis of miR156bOE revealed reduction in flavonoid content under HT stress. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis showed that the overexpression of miR156b caused flavonoid metabolism disorder in soybean flower bud under HT stress. Knockout of GmSPL2b also decreased the thermotolerance of soybean CMS‐based restorer line during flowering. Moreover, GmSPL2b turned out to be directly bounded to the promoter of GmHSFA6b. Further verification indicated that GmHSFA6b overexpression enhanced HT tolerance in Arabidopsis during flowering. Substance content and gene expression analysis revealed that miR156b–GmSPL2b may mediate reactive oxygen species clearance by regulating flavonoid metabolism, thus participating in the regulation of male fertility in soybean under HT stress. This study not only provided important progress for understanding the molecular mechanism of miR156b–GmSPL2b regulating the male fertility of soybean CMS‐based restorer line under HT stress, but also provided genetic resources and theoretical basis for creating HT‐tolerant strong restorer lines.