bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intravesical gentamicin treatment for recurrent urinary tract infections: A systematic review over the last two decades
Authors: Rutherford Georgia , Tan Lieo Jiun , Aboumarzouk Omar , de Souza John , Khan Rehan , Somani Bhaskar , Amer Tarik 
Published: December 2022

Objectives: Recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs) have a significant effect on a patient’s quality of life and frequent use of antibiotics increases multi-drug resistance. Previous research on intravesical antibiotics suggests that this has a local effect on bacteria with reduced systemic absorption and associated side effects. We conducted a systematic review to assess the effectiveness and adverse effects of intravesical gentamicin treatment. Methods: Systematic review of all English published articles from January 2001 to October 2021 according to the Cochrane and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards. Results: A total of 139 studies were identified, 20 full-text articles were screened and 6 subsequently included totalling 166 patients. All studies reported a decrease in the mean number of urinary tract infections (UTIs) with a significant reduction ( p = 0.0025 and p < 0.004) in two studies. When the number of breakthrough UTIs on prophylactic gentamicin installations was assessed, 65% ( n = 86/133) remained UTI free. Throughout treatment, 99% of serum gentamicin levels were <0.3 ng/dL, and reported instances of increased creatinine were low (2%). A decrease in the growth of multi-drug-resistant bacteria was reported in two papers ( p = 0.065 and p = 0.04). Conclusion: Intravesical gentamicin seems to be an effective treatment in patients with symptomatic rUTIs. The evidence suggests it also reduces UTIs caused by multi-drug-resistant bacteria with no systemic absorption and minimal renal toxicity. Level of evidence: 2a
The Effect of Primary Care Visits on Total Patient Care Cost: Evidence From the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Gao Jian , Moran Eileen , Grimm Rachel , Toporek Andrew , Ruser Christopher 
Published: December 2022

Background: Since the 1980s, primary care (PC) in the US has been recognized as the backbone of healthcare providing comprehensive care to complex patients, coordinating care among specialists, and rendering preventive services to contain costs and improve clinical outcomes. However, the effect of PC visits on total patient care cost has been difficult to quantify. Objective: To assess the effect of PC visits on total patient care cost. Methods: This is a retrospective study of over 5 million patients assigned to a PC provider in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) in each of the 4 fiscal years (FY 2016-2019). The main outcome of interest is total annual patient care cost. We assessed the effect of primary care visits on total patient care cost first by descriptive statistics, and then by multivariate regressions adjusting for severity of illness and other confounders. We conducted in-depth sensitivity analyses to validate the findings. Results: On average, each additional in-person PC visit was associated with a total cost reduction of $721 (per patient per year). The first PC visit was associated with the largest savings, $3976 on average, and a steady diminishing return was observed. Further, the higher the patient risk (severity of illness), the larger the cost reduction: Among the top 10% of high-risk patients, the first PC in-person visit was associated with a reduction of $16 406 (19%). Conclusions: These findings, substantiated by our exhaustive sensitivity analyses, suggest that expanding PC capacity can significantly reduce overall health care costs and improve patient care outcomes given the former is a strong proxy of the latter.
The 3-O sulfation of heparan sulfate proteoglycans contributes to the cellular internalization of tau aggregates
Authors: Ferreira Andreia , Royaux Ines , Liu Jian , Wang Zhangjie , Su Guowei , Moechars Diederik , Callewaert Nico , De Muynck Louis 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Considering the high correlation between the functional decline in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and the propagation of aggregated tau protein, many research efforts are focused on determining the underlying molecular mechanisms of tau spreading. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) were reported to mediate cellular uptake of tau aggregates. Specifically, the heparan sulfates (HS) sulfation plays a critical role in the interaction of HSPGs with aggregated tau. HS can be N−/2-O/6-O- or 3-O-sulfated, some of which have been reported to take part in the interaction with tau aggregates. However, the role of the 3-O sulfation remains enigmatic.

Results
Here, we studied the contribution of HS 3-O sulfation in the binding and cellular uptake of tau aggregates. We observed reduced tau aggregates uptake in absence of 3-O sulfation or when outcompeting available cellular 3-O sulfated HS (3S-HS) with antithrombin III. The lack of HS3ST1-generated HS products in the HS3ST1−/− cells was further corroborated with an LC-MS/MS using 13C-labeled HS calibrants. Here, we showed that these functional changes can be explained by a higher affinity of aggregated tau to 3S-HS. When targeting tau aggregates with 3-O sulfation-containing HS, we observed an increase in inhibition of tau aggregates uptake.

Conclusions
These data indicate that HS 3-O sulfation plays a role in the binding of tau aggregates and, thus, contributes to their cellular uptake, highlighting a potential target value to modulate tau pathogenesis.
Endophytic microbiome of Boehmeria nivea and their antagonism against latent fungal pathogens in plants
Authors: Wulandari Asri Peni , Triani Erin , Sari Kartika , Prasetyani Mila , Nurzaman Mohamad , Purwati Rully Dyah , Ermawar Riksfardini A. , Nuraini Anne 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundPathogenic microbes still become obstacles that can reduce the quality of plant growth, including ramie (Boehmeria nivea) plants. The study identified the microbiome and antagonistic interaction of the endophytic community from theB. niveais necessary to improve the production of the ramie plant, especially ramie stem organs for fiber materials. ResultsTwenty isolates of endophytic microorganisms were obtained from the roots, stems, leaves, and flowers. They were identified using the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal (rDNA), and its morphotypes obtained 20 isolates, with a composition of 9 species of bacteria and 11 species of fungi. Besides that, the disease observations on ramie stems showed that four species of pathogenic fungi were identified asFusarium solaniisolate 3,248,941,Fusarium solaniisolates colpat-359,Fusarium oxysporumisolate N-61–2,Clonostachys roseastrain B3042. The endophytic microorganism of ramie ability was tested to determine their potential to inhibit the growth of the pathogenic fungi based on the in-vivo antagonist test. The isolated bacteria were only able to inhibit the growth ofF. solani, with the highest percentage of 54–55%. Three species of endophytic fungi, includingCladosporium tennissimum, Fusarium falciforme, and Penicillium citrinum, showed the best inhibition against the fungal pathogenFusarium solaniwith the highest inhibitory presentation of 91–95%. Inhibitory interaction between the endophytic microbes and the ramie pathogens indicated the type of antibiosis, competition, and parasitism. ConclusionThe results of this study succeeded in showing the potential antifungal by endophytic fungi from ramie against the pathogens of the plant itself.P. citrinum isolate MEBP0017 showed the highest inhibition against all the pathogens of the ramie.
Analysis of gut microbiota diversity in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis patients
Authors: Liu Jilai , Qin Xuejun , Lin Boxi , Cui Jing , Liao Juan , Zhang Fu , Lin Qing 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune disease. Recent studies have found that the gut microbiota may play an important role in inducing HT, but there are no systematic studies on the changes in the gut microbiota during the development of HT.

Methods
In this study, 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology in combination with the Kruskal–Wallis test, CCA/RDA analysis, Spearman correlation analysis, and other statistical methods were used to analyze the effects of age, gender, hormones, and other environmental factors on gut microbiota by comparing the differences in the microbiota at different stages of HT development.

Results
The results showed that there were differences in the gut microbiota composition between healthy people (HCA) and in patients with HT. Lachnoclostridium, Bilophila, and Klebsiella were enriched in the HCA group, while Akkermansia, Lachnospiraceae, Bifidobacterium, Shuttleia, and Clostriworthdia were enriched in the HT group. Environmental factors analysis revealed that the Bifidobacterium and Klebsiella were two groups of bacteria that have undergone dramatic changes in HCA and HT, and mainly affected by gender. Romboutsia and Haemophilus regulated by the hormone of free triiodothyronine (FT3) may promote the development of HT, while Faecalibacterium and Lachnospiraceae regulated by free thyroxine (FT4) may protect the host.

Conclusions
Comprehensive studies have shown that gender is an important factor affecting gut microbial composition, but with the development of HT, hormones, age, and TSH begin to become dominant factors.
Prevalence and associated factors of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults at risk of malnutrition
Authors: Chew Samuel Teong Huang , Tey Siew Ling , Yalawar Menaka , Liu Zhongyuan , Baggs Geraldine , How Choon How , Cheong Magdalin , Chow Wai Leng , Low Yen Ling , Huynh Dieu Thi Thu , Tan Ngiap Chuan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
There is an increasingly strong association between sarcopenia and malnutrition in research findings. We aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults (≥ 65 years) at risk of malnutrition based on Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST).

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study of 811 participants. Participants were recruited from the general population, community centers, senior activity centers, polyclinics, and hospital. Community-dwelling older adults at risk of malnutrition participated in the study. Participants’ data and measurements were collected at the baseline visit. Data included socio-demographic information, anthropometric measurements, body composition, dietary intakes, and functional assessments. Sarcopenia was defined using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 consensus.

Results
Of the 694 participants with complete datasets, overall prevalence of sarcopenia was 76% (n = 530); 57% (n = 393) had severe sarcopenia. In the overall cohort, compared to participants without sarcopenia, those with sarcopenia were older, had lower physical activity scale for the elderly score, leg strength, handgrip endurance, mid-upper arm circumference, calf circumference, and bone mass, and had lower dietary protein intake and poorer nutritional status (all p ≤ 0.015). After adjusting for confounders, sarcopenia was significantly associated with older age, male gender, higher risk of malnutrition, lower calf circumference, and lower bone mass (all p ≤ 0.044).

Conclusions
In community-dwelling older adults at risk of malnutrition, there is a high prevalence of sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia. As such, screening positive for either malnutrition risk or sarcopenia in older adults should prompt screening for the other risk factor, to allow early institution of disease modifying interventions to forestall adverse outcomes for both malnutrition and sarcopenia.

Trial registration
The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03245047.
Performance of 18 F-FAPI PET/CT in assessing glioblastoma before radiotherapy: a pilot study
Authors: Yao Yutang , Tan Xiaofei , Yin Wenya , Kou Ying , Wang Xiaoxiong , Jiang Xiao , Chen Shirong , Liu Yongli , Dang Jun , Yin Jun , Cheng Zhuzhong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
We aimed to determine the performance of 18 F-FAPI PET/CT used for preprocedural assessment of glioblastoma before radiotherapy.

Methods
Twelve glioblastoma patients having undergone incomplete surgical resection or biopsy were examined with 18 F-FAPI PET/CT and MRI scanning before radiotherapy. All patients had confirmed tumor residues according to findings of histopathological and/or long-term clinical and radiological follow-ups. Lesion characterization data, including SUVmax and tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) on PET/CT were attained. PET/CT and MRI findings were compared in terms of number of lesions. The correlation between immunohistochemistry, molecular expression, and PET/CT parameters was also evaluated.

Results
18 F-FAPI PET/CT detected 16 FAPI-avid out of 23 lesions in 12 patients described on MRI. MRI was statistically different from 18 F-FAPI PET/CT for lesion detection according to the exact McNemar statistical test (P = 0.0156). The SUVmax and TBR of the glioblastomas was 7.08 ± 3.55 and 19.95 ± 13.22, respectively. The sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of 18 F-FAPI PET were 69.6% and 100%, respectively. Neither the Ki-67 index nor the molecular expression was correlated with the FAPI-PET/CT parameters.

Conclusion
18 F-FAPI PET/CT detects glioblastomas at a lower rate than MRI. However, the 100% PPV of the examination may make it useful for differentiating controversial lesions detected on MRI. The 18 F-FAPI-avid lesions are displayed more clearly probably due to a higher TBR. 18 F-FAPI PET/CT imaging might find application in glioblastoma biopsy and radiotherapy planning.
Health-related quality of life using WHODAS 2.0 and associated factors 1 year after stroke in Korea: a multi-centre and cross-sectional study
Authors: Lee Hey Jean , Song Jung-Kook , Moon Jiyoung , Kim Keonyeop , Park Hyeung-Keun , Kang Gil-Won , Shin Jun-Ho , Kang Jongsoo , Kim Byoung-Gwon , Lee Young-Hoon , Jeong Hye Seon , Heeyoung Lee , Lee Won Kyung , Kim Seongheon , Park Young-Kwon 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Little is known about the self-perceived level of disability of stroke survivors in the community. We aimed to characterise Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) 1 year after stroke and investigate how sociodemographic and stroke-related factors and medical adherence explain the self-perceived level of disability in a Korean stroke population.

Methods
This was a multicentre cross-sectional study. A total of 382 ischaemic stroke survivors at 1 year after onset from 11 university hospitals underwent a one-session assessment, including socioeconomic variables, the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), various neurological sequelae, the Morisky, Green and Levin-Medication Adherence Questionnaire (MGL), and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) 36-items. The relationship between disability and different variables was analysed using ordinal logistic regression.

Results
The prevalence of disability based on global WHODAS 2.0 was 62.6% (mild, 41.6%; moderate, 16.0%; severe, 5.0%). The prevalence of severe disability was higher in participation in society (16.8%) and getting around (11.8%) than in other domains. Low MGL- motivation was the only factor determining a significant association between all six domains of disability after adjustment. Different predictors for specific domains were age, mRS, dysarthria, trouble seeing, cognition problems, and MGL-motivation for understanding and communicating; age, recurrent stroke, mRS, hemiplegia, facial palsy, general weakness, and MGL-motivation for getting around; age, education, mRS, hemiplegia, and MGL-motivation for self-care; education, recurrent stroke, hemiplegia, dysarthria, and MGL-motivation for getting along with people; age, education, income, mRS, hemiplegia, dysarthria, MGL-knowledge, and MGL-motivation for life activities; living without a spouse, mRS, hemiplegia, dysarthria, trouble seeing, cognition problems, general weakness, and MGL-motivation for participation in society.

Conclusions
Self-perceived disability according to the WHODAS 2.0 at 1 year after stroke was highly prevalent. Each disability domain showed a different prevalence and associated factors. Interventions promoting medical adherence to motivation seemed to help achieve high HRQoL in all domains.
Cross-sectional study to assess awareness of cytomegalovirus infection among pregnant women in Germany
Authors: Greye Hannah , Henning Stine , Freese Kristina , Köhn Andrea , Lux Anke , Radusch Anja , Redlich Anke , Schleef Daniela , Seeger Sven , Thäle Volker , Rissmann Anke 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Study aimed to assess awareness of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and its determinants in pregnancy.

Methods
Cross-sectional survey was conducted in five hospital-based maternity units in Germany. Pregnant women attending the maternity departments completed interviewer/self-administered survey questionnaire. High-risk group was defined according to contact with children under five years of age (at home or at work). Quantitative analyses using multivariable logistic regression were performed.

Results
One thousand two hundred thirty-three pregnant women were included. 48.5% (n = 598) of women reported any knowledge about risk of CMV infection during pregnancy. CMV infection was less known than other infections or diseases (education about toxoplasmosis 95.5% (n = 1,177), listeriosis 60.5% (n = 746). 38% (n = 468) of participants received education about CMV. CMV awareness was associated with the level of education and employment in childcare or medical care. Only 32% (n = 394) of the women made use of serological screening for CMV during pregnancy (individual health service). 40.8% (n = 503) of pregnant women were classified as high-risk group. They had significantly higher knowledge and education about CMV, and msignificantlycant more often use of the serological screening.

Conclusions
Less than half of pregnant women surveyed were aware of potential risk associated with CMV infection during pregnancy. In our study,one-third third of pregnant women made use of the serological screening for CMV.
Regarding the lack of current consensus on the role of serological CMV screening for pregnant women, hygiene preventive measures are the only evidence-based recommendation for pregnant women and knowledge increase could potentially have major public health impact.
Cross cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Finnish version of Western Ontario shoulder instability index (WOSI)
Authors: Elamo Sami P , Kukkonen J P , Flinkkilä T E , Lehtinen J T , Joukainen A K , Paloneva J J , Lehtimäki K K , Kauko T T , Äärimaa V O 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Western Ontario shoulder instability index (WOSI) is a widely used disease-specific self-assessment measurement tool for patients with shoulder instability. The main aim of this study was to translate and cross culturally adapt the WOSI into Finnish language and to test its measurement properties.

Methods
WOSI was translated in Finnish and adapted into an electronic user interface. 62 male patients with traumatic anteroinferior shoulder instability, programmed for stabilizing shoulder surgery, answered the questionnaire twice preoperatively (2 and 0 weeks), and twice postoperatively (3 and 12 months). Additional scoring tools, such as satisfaction to treatment outcome, subjective shoulder value (SSV), Oxford shoulder instability index (OSIS) and Constant score (CS), were used as comparators. The reliability, validity and responsiveness of WOSI were investigated through statistical analysis.

Results
Preoperative test-retest results were available for 49 patients, and 54 patients were available at final follow up. The mean WOSI was 57.8 (SD 20.3), 70.4 (SD 18.9), and 85.9 (SD 15.5), at baseline, 3, and 12 months, respectively. There was a statistically significant mean improvement of 28.8 (SD 24.5) in WOSI between baseline and 12 months (p < 0.0001). The intraclass correlation coefficient for the preoperative WOSI was excellent 0.91. At 12 months WOSI had an excellent Pearson’s correlation coefficient both with SSV (0.69), OSIS (-0.81), and poor with CS (0.25) scores, confirming our a priori hypothesis. There were no detected floor nor ceiling effects for WOSI pre- or postoperatively. The calculated minimal detectable change was 9.2 and the estimated minimal clinically important difference 13.4 to 18.1.

Conclusion
Finnish version of WOSI is a reliable and valid tool for assessing health state and improvement after operative treatment of shoulder instability in young male patients.
Presence of secondary bladder cancer following radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma: characteristics, risk factors, and predictive value
Authors: Lai Shicong , Wu Pengjie , Liu Shengjie , Seery Samuel , Liu Jianyong , He Lei , Liu Ming , Zhang Yaoguang , Wang Jian-ye , Xu Tao 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
To assess the characteristics, predictive risk factors, and prognostic effect of secondary bladder cancer (SBCa) following radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC).

Methods
Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, the authors analyzed clinicopathologic characteristics and survival data from 472 UTUC patients with SBCa after RNU, between 2004 and 2017. Cox’s proportional hazard regression model was implemented to identify independent predictors associated with post-recurrence outcomes. The threshold for statistical significance was p < 0.05.

Results
In total, 200 Ta-3N0M0 localized UTUC patients with complete data were finally included. With a median follow-up of 71.0 months (interquartile ranges [IQR] 36.0 -103.8 months), 52.5% (n = 105) had died, with 30.5% (n = 61) dying of UTUC. The median time interval from UTUC to SBCa was 13.5 months (IQR 6.0–40.8 months). According to multivariable Cox regression analysis, patients with SBCa located at multiple sites, advanced SBCa stage, higher SBCa grade, elderly age and a shorter recurrence time, encountered worse cancer-specific survival (CSS), all p < 0.05.

Conclusion
For primary UTUC patients with SBCa after radical surgery, advanced age, multiple SBCa sites, shorter recurrence time, higher SBCa stage, and grade proved to be significant independent prognostic factors of CSS. We ought to pay more attention to SBCa prevention as well as to earlier signs which may increase the likelihood of early detection. Having the ability to manage what may be seen as the superficial SBCa signs may enable us to improve survival but further research is required.