bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transesterification method of microalgae biomass to produce fatty acid methyl esters
Authors: Yasin Nur Hidayah Mat , Aziz Nur Nadiah Che , Azmai Muhammad Badrun Amin , Hanapi Mohamad Fitri Mohd 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study investigated the effect of different solvents on the production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) from Chlorella vulgaris using two different methods of transesterification: direct transesterification (d‐trans) and extraction transesterification (ext‐trans). Different solvents were expected to lead to different amounts of FAMEs. Two solvents (methanol and ethanol) with volumes of each of 10, 12 and 14 mL were selected to produce higher amounts of FAMEs.RESULTSThe findings indicate that the highest amounts of palmitic and palmitoleic acids were extracted in 12 mL of methanol, but none of the components of FAMEs was discovered in ethanol when FAMEs were produced using d‐trans. It is shown that FAMEs that are extracted by methanol contain more components as compared to FAMEs extracted by ethanol based on gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. Overall, the highest amount of FAMEs was produced when extracted using 12 mL of methanol for both methods. For ext‐trans, palmitic acid was found in all components of FAMEs that were extracted using both solvents.CONCLUSIONSThe results indicate that d‐trans showed a higher FAME amount than ext‐trans which is explained by the presence of free fatty acids and glycerides that resulted in higher yield of FAMEs in the d‐trans process. Overall, dry biomass is the best substrate for the d‐trans process to produce a higher amount of FAMEs than wet biomass because directly transesterified algal biomass, including water, resulted in losses of FAME composition. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Multidrug‐resistant Escherichia coli isolated from cleaned and disinfected poultry houses prior to day‐old chick placement
Authors: Benameur Qada , Gervasi Teresa , Dahloum Lahouari , Rechidi‐Sidhoum Nadra , Boutaiba Benklaouz Meki , Yakubu Abdulmojeed 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe control and elimination of multidrug‐resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli is an important challenge in the poultry industry. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of MDR E. coli in cleaned and disinfected poultry houses before day‐old chick placement to identify potential flock colonization sources. In this study, a total of 104 swab samples, collected from 104 cleaned and disinfected poultry houses, were analyzed for the presence of E. coli. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of E. coli isolates were determined using the disk diffusion method. Screening for extended‐spectrum β‐lactamases‐encoding genes was performed by polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing. Out of the 104 samples analyzed, 92 (88.46%) were found to be colonized with E. coli. At least one poultry house per farm was found positive for the presence of E. coli, and one isolate per positive shed was subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing. All isolates displayed high resistance rates to most of the antimicrobial agents tested, including commonly used frontline antibiotics in Algeria. All E. coli isolates (100%) exhibited MDR profiles. A single house on four different broiler farms was found to be contaminated with CTX‐M‐1‐producing E. coli. This study suggests the need for the adoption of strict biosecurity measures and the implementation of improved or novel disinfection procedures in all the poultry houses, in order to avoid cross‐contamination of day‐old chicks by MDR E. coli.
Long alkoxy substituted N2S2 porphyrins for liquid crystalline property
Authors: Jana Surajit 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPorphyrins with long alkoxy chains have assumed importance owing to their use as liquid crystalline materials. There are few reports on regular porphyrins with N4 core having long chains which exhibited liquid crystalline properties. Interestingly, to the best of our knowledge, there is only one report available with core‐modified porphyrins having N2S2 core which showed the liquid crystalline properties. This contribution reports the synthesis of three new N2S2 porphyrins having long octyloxy chains at the meso‐phenyls and the numbers of octyloxy groups were varied from 4 to 8 to 12 and their systematic study on liquid crystalline (LC) behavior. DSC studies indicate that only N2S2 porphyrin having four octyloxy chains showed one LC transition (−18.25°C to 213.47°C) before melting into isotropic liquid (IL). The other two N2S2 porphyrins, that is, porphyrins with 8 and 12 octyloxy chains did not show any LC transition.
Appearance of extrapyramidal symptoms in adolescent psychiatry patients during COVID‐19 infection
Authors: Tonyali Aysegul , Karacetin Gul , Yesilkaya Celal , Arik Feyza Nur Tas , Kayan Ocakoglu Binay 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSince the start of the pandemic, there has been an increase in the incidence of psychiatric morbidity among those infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and those indirectly affected by COVID‐19. There has been a considerable increase in the number of individuals with such psychiatric conditions as depression, acute stress disorders, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). About one‐third of patients with COVID‐19 are reported to have developed short and long‐term neuropsychiatric conditions such as delirium, agitation, altered consciousness, hypoxic encephalopathy encephalitis, dysexecutive syndrome, cerebrovascular complications (e.g., stroke), hypoxic encephalopathy, convulsions, neuromuscular dysfunction, demyelinating processes, or parkinsonism through several pathophysiological mechanisms. Nevertheless, as the pandemic progressed, data on neuropsychiatric manifestations implied that the pathologic capacity of COVID‐19 and its association with the onset and/or exacerbation of psychiatric morbidity indicate that COVID‐19 is potentially related to neuropsychiatric involvement. Patients with existing mental disorders under psychotropic treatment exposed to the COVID‐19 infection have been represented by an increased risk of worsened psychiatric symptoms and expanded drug side effects. The present study aimed to describe five pediatric patients with various psychiatric illness that experienced COVID‐19 infection and had potentially associated neuropsychiatric involvement, such as exacerbation of underlying psychiatric symptoms and extrapyramidal side effects. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to describe adolescents with COVID‐19 infection that presented with a series of manifestations in the form of an increase in extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) during exacerbation of underlying psychiatric disease.
Association of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use with marginal bone level changes around osseointegrated dental implants: A retrospective study
Authors: Kotsailidi Elli Anna , Gagnon Catherine , Johnson Lucy , Basir Abdul Barmak , Tsigarida Alexandra 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are used for the management of anxiety and depression. Existing evidence shows their negative impact on implant osseointegration, survival rates, and peri‐implant health. Currently, there are limited data on their effect on peri‐implant marginal bone levels. The primary goal of this retrospective study is to evaluate the association between SSRIs use and marginal bone level (MBL) changes around osseointegrated dental implants over time.MethodsRecords from patients who received at least one dental implant between 2010 and 2021 were reviewed. Information related to medical history, SSRI use, and the implant site was obtained from patients’ electronic charts. Mesial and distal MBLs were measured relative to the implant platform on digital intraoral radiographs, taken at the time of prosthesis installation and at the most recent follow‐up visit. MBL changes were calculated.ResultsA total of 152 dental implants from 105 patients were included. The mean follow‐up period was 46.97 ± 21.87 months. The mean MBL change was significantly greater for SSRI users (0.41 ± 0.76 mm) compared to non‐users (0.04 ± 0.65 mm) [MD = 0.37 mm, p = 0.00, 95% CI: (–0.61)–(–0.15 mm)]. Mesial MBL change of 0.42 ± 0.84 mm and 0.02 ± 0.71 mm was noted for SSRI users and non‐users, respectively. The distal MBL change was 0.4 ± 0.93 mm and 0.07 ± 0.73 mm, respectively. Smoking, sex, and implant location did not seem to influence the MBL differences between groups.ConclusionsUse of SSRIs is associated with greater marginal bone loss around osseointegrated dental implants in function for a mean period of 3.8 years.
Plant–insect interactions in the Quaternary fossil record of the Azores Archipelago (Portugal)
Authors: Pokorný Richard , Borges Paulo A. V. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTThe fossil record of the Azores still lacks evidence of terrestrial invertebrates. Based on a study of the collections of Quaternary fossil plant imprints from the Azores, located in the depositories of public collections and also newly conducted field research, several samples of fossil leaves with traces of plant–animal interactions were found. These are evidence of marginal feeding (Phagophytichnus ekowskii) and anophionome mine (Cuniculonomus isp.). One specimen with traces of boring in fossil wood (Xylonichnus trypetus), previously only briefly mentioned in the literature, was also described in detail. In addition to a detailed description of the found traces, the present study also discusses the possible trace‐makers, using a comparison with the recent phytophagous fauna in relation to the original vegetation of the Azores (that includes laurisilva forest). It is thus possible to consider butterfly caterpillars (group Macrolepidoptera) or locust larvae (Orthoptera/Caelifera) as possible originators of marginal feeding. The ophionome mine could have been caused by the larvae of leaf‐miner flies (Agromyzidae) or moths from the group Microlepidoptera (Gracillariidae). Wood‐destroying beetles could be the cause of the boring in fossil wood.
An improved Bayesian approach to estimating the reference interval from a meta‐analysis: Directly monitoring the marginal quantiles and characterizing their uncertainty
Authors: Siegel Lianne , Chu Haitao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractReference intervals, or reference ranges, aid medical decision‐making by containing a pre‐specified proportion (e.g., 95%) of the measurements in a representative healthy population. We recently proposed three approaches for estimating a reference interval from a meta‐analysis based on a random effects model: a frequentist approach, a Bayesian posterior predictive interval, and an empirical approach. Because the Bayesian posterior predictive interval becomes wider to incorporate estimation uncertainty, it may systematically contain greater than 95% of measurements when the number of studies is small or the between study heterogeneity is large. The frequentist and empirical approaches also captured a median of less than 95% of measurements in this setting, and 95% confidence or credible intervals for the reference interval limits were not developed. In this update, we describe how one can instead use Bayesian methods to summarize the appropriate quantiles (e.g., 2.5th and 97.5th) of the marginal distribution of individuals across studies and construct a credible interval describing the estimation uncertainty in the lower and upper limits of the reference interval. We demonstrate through simulations that this method performs well in capturing 95% of values from the marginal distribution and maintains a median coverage of near 95% of the marginal distribution even when the number of studies is small, or the between‐study heterogeneity is large. We also compare the results of this method to those obtained from the three previously proposed methods in the original case study of the meta‐analysis of frontal subjective postural vertical measurements.
Comparative study of the properties of lutein nanoliposomes coated with chitosan/(−)‐epigallocatechin‐ 3‐gallate (EGCG) complexes
Authors: Yan Hongxu , Xu Yayuan , Dai Zhuqing , Zhang Zhongyuan , Bao Yihong , Li Da‐jing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDNumerous positive effects have been attributed to lutein, a lipophilic nutrient, including resisting ultraviolet radiation and protecting retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells against blue light damage. It also has preventive effects against cardiovascular disease and cancer. However, its use could be limited by its poor stability and low bioaccessibility in the human digestive system. An encapsulation delivery system was therefore developed to resolve these limitations. In this study, chitosan‐modified lutein nanoliposomes (CS‐LNLs), chitosan‐EGCG covalently modified lutein nanoliposomes (C‐CS‐EGCG‐LNLs), and chitosan‐EGCG noncovalently modified lutein nanoliposomes (non‐C‐CS‐EGCG‐LNLs) were designed. The average particle size, ζ‐potential, and retention of lutein during storage were measured to indicate the physicochemical stability of the modified lutein nanoliposomes. The bioaccessibility of modified lutein nanoliposomes was also investigated to demonstrate the availability of lutein in the human digestive system.RESULTSFirst, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) verified that covalent bonds between chitosan and EGCG were formed. Subsequently, ζ‐potential results revealed that C‐CS‐EGCG‐LNLs had a relatively stable structure in comparison with lutein nanoliposomes (LNLs). The retention rate of lutein in CS‐LNLs, C‐CS‐EGCG‐LNLs, and non‐C‐CS‐EGCG‐LNLs was improved, especially in C‐CS‐EGCG‐LNLs (at around 70% of lutein in initial system). An in vitro digestion experiment illustrated that CS‐LNLs, C‐CS‐EGCG‐LNLs, and non‐C‐CS‐EGCG‐LNLs presented relatively higher bioaccessibility, especially in C‐CS‐EGCG‐LNLs (at around 33% of luein in initial system), which increased 2.5 and 1.65 times in comparison with free lutein and LNLs, respectively.CONCLUSIONOverall, the results showed that C‐CS‐EGCG‐LNLs presented greater physicochemical stability and bioaccessibility than LNLs, CS‐LNLs, and non‐C‐CS‐EGCG‐LNLs. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
The sensitivity and evolutionary trajectory of the mountain cryosphere: Implications for mountain geomorphic systems and hazards
Authors: Knight Jasper , Harrison Stephan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGlobal climate change gives rise to changing spatial patterns of snow and ice, especially over mountain blocks where orographic and synoptic circulation effects play significant roles in creating patterns of precipitation and glacier development. The presence of snow and ice results in heat balance changes and other land surface feedbacks that have implications for patterns of mountain glacier retreat and the dynamics of mountain geomorphic systems. This study considers the sensitivity of the mountain cryosphere (snow, ice, permafrost) to global climate change, and the implications of this sensitivity analysis for evaluating mountain surface stability, geomorphic change, and the generation of mountain geohazards. Consideration of these issues is informed by evidence from case studies reported in the literature and by field observations of mountain system dynamics worldwide. Results show that ‘sensitivity’ to climate forcing has been interpreted and defined in different ways in mountain snow, ice, and permafrost systems, with respect to properties such as albedo, mass balance or rapidity of system change. There are also significant spatial differences in sensitivity between different mountain blocks for snow, ice and permafrost, and these regions are therefore likely to follow different trajectories of geomorphic change in response to climate forcing, related to their physiographic properties and the extent of cryospheric coverage. Within glaciated mountains in particular, the relative timing of different geomorphic events, and the interplay between slope, glacier front, and proglacial sediment sources and environments, may vary depending on glacier size, geomorphic setting, and microclimate. By contrast, responses to permafrost warming (increased surface instability and mass movements) and changes in snow patterns (avalanche risk, floods) may have quite different spatial and temporal patterns and influenced by different environmental controls. An integrated evolutionary model for mountain system development under a changing cryosphere is proposed, highlighting the critical role of energy balance as a forcing factor that then triggers downstream mountain system responses. This suggests that different elements of mountain systems exhibit different sensitivities, and furthermore that these sensitivities change over time and space through the period of anthropogenic global warming and paraglacial relaxation.
Contrasting distribution and speciation of sedimentary organic phosphorus among different basins of the Baltic Sea
Authors: Rydin Emil , Broman Elias , Reitzel Kasper , Lukkari Kaarina , Hermans Martijn , Kumblad Linda , Karlsson Magnus , Apler Anna , Ek Bo , Sjöberg Per J. R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRecycling of phosphorus (P) from deoxygenated sediments perpetuates eutrophic conditions in parts of the Baltic Sea. Sedimentary organic P is a major source of dissolved P to the water column, but also a sink for permanent P burial. The mechanisms behind these two pathways are, however, largely unknown. Using new methods, we determined P in DNA and phospholipids, which are both found in all organisms. We also identified inositol phosphates that are particularly important in eukaryotes. Sediment cores were collected from contrasting basins in the Baltic Sea to study their relative contribution to the total P pool. We found high DNA‐P/phospholipid‐P ratios in surface sediments from the Bothnian Bay and Bothnian Sea. However, these ratios were low throughout profiles in euxinic Baltic Proper sediments. The elevated ratios present in sediments overlain by oxic bottom waters might indicate the presence of a microbial community stimulated by bioturbation, whereas the low DNA‐P/phospholipid‐P ratios in Baltic Proper sediments likely indicate an energy‐limited microbial community, typical to the “deep biosphere” environment. Inositol‐P was almost absent in euxinic Baltic Proper sediments that had a low total P amount compared to those in the other basins. We suggest that variability in the composition of sedimentary microbial communities among the Baltic Sea basins might cause differences in organic P forms that in turn affects its turnover.
Characterizing coastal phytoplankton seasonal succession patterns on the West Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Nardelli Schuyler C. , Gray Patrick C. , Stammerjohn Sharon E. , Schofield Oscar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn coastal West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) waters, large phytoplankton blooms in late austral spring fuel a highly productive marine ecosystem. However, WAP atmospheric and oceanic temperatures are rising, winter sea ice extent and duration are decreasing, and summer phytoplankton biomass in the northern WAP has decreased and shifted toward smaller cells. To better understand these relationships, an Imaging FlowCytobot was used to characterize seasonal (spring to autumn) phytoplankton community composition and cell size during a low (2017–2018) and high (2018–2019) chlorophyll a year in relation to physical drivers (e.g., sea ice and meteoric water) at Palmer Station, Antarctica. A shorter sea ice season with early rapid retreat resulted in low phytoplankton biomass with a low proportion of diatoms (2017–2018), while a longer sea ice season with late protracted retreat resulted in the opposite (2018–2019). Despite these differences, phytoplankton seasonal succession was similar in both years: (1) a large‐celled centric diatom bloom during spring sea ice retreat; (2) a peak summer phase comprised of mixotrophic cryptophytes with increases in light and postbloom organic matter; and (3) a late summer phase comprised of small (< 20 μm) diatoms and mixed flagellates with increases in wind‐driven nutrient resuspension. In addition, cell diameter decreased from November to April with increases in meteoric water in both years. The tight coupling between sea ice, meltwater, and phytoplankton species composition suggests that continued warming in the WAP will affect phytoplankton seasonal dynamics, and subsequently seasonal food web dynamics.
Groundwater‐stream connections shape the spatial pattern and rates of aquatic metabolism
Authors: Lupon Anna , Gómez‐Gener Lluís , Fork Megan L. , Laudon Hjalmar , Martí Eugènia , Lidberg William , Sponseller Ryan A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA longstanding challenge in stream ecology is to understand how landscape configuration organizes spatial patterns of ecosystem function via lateral groundwater connections. We combined laboratory bioassays and field additions of a metabolic tracer (resazurin) to test how groundwater‐stream confluences, or “discrete riparian inflow points” (DRIPs), regulate heterotrophic microbial activity along a boreal stream. We hypothesized that DRIPs shape spatial patterns and rates of aquatic heterotrophic microbial activity by supplying labile dissolved organic matter (DOM) to streams. Laboratory bioassays showed that the potential influence of DRIPs on heterotrophic activity varied spatially and temporally, and was related to their DOM content and composition. At the reach scale, DRIP‐stream confluences elevated the spatial heterogeneity and whole‐reach rates of heterotrophic activity, especially during periods of high land–water hydrological connectivity. Collectively, our results show how the arrangement of lateral groundwater connections influence heterotrophic activity in streams with implications for watershed biogeochemical cycles.
Combined complementary imaging techniques in morphological analysis of Spongilla lacustris (Linnaeus 1759)
Authors: Woźnica Andrzej , Karczewski Jerzy , Gwiazda Robert , Karcz Jagna , Bernaś Tytus , Libera Marcin , Babczyńska Agnieszka , Łozowski Bartosz 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSponges, like Spongilla lacustris, as filter feeders, play an essential role in water purification in aquatic ecosystems. The body of this demosponge, in general, consists of both organic soft skeleton and a siliceous scaffold. Their construction of the spicule‐bundling scaffold as mechanical support for skeletal organic mesohyl seems crucial for filtration efficiency. Understanding the structure of the sponge's biosilica‐based scaffold as well as its location within three‐dimensional (3D) skeletal construct requires the introduction of effective analytical methods. The investigations focused on the morphology and architecture of skeletal elements of S. lacustris utilizing the combination of X‐ray computed microtomography (μCT) and scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). The construction details, surface morphology and chemical composition of the sponge scaffold are presented. μCT provided the reconstructed 3D images of skeleton structures, including longitudinally and transversely oriented bundles of overlapping spicules, forming a ladder‐like construction as well as the length, geometric distribution, and the surface of the spicules. Further analyses based on SEM/EDS confirmed the proper identification of the structures and their localization and revealed a high abundance of silicon and a low amount of carbon and oxygen in spicules, high abundance of silicon, carbon and oxygen in layered membranes surrounding the bundles of spicules but predominating carbon in the pinacoderm. Combination of these techniques provides a unique image of the sponge body morphology. Verified set of tools may be used for further analyses of sponge body mechanics.