bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation and delivery of free hydroxyl radicals using a remote plasma
Authors: McQuaid H N , Rutherford D , Mariotti D , Maguire P D 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We demonstrate a new gas-based

O

H

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generation source using a low power radio frequency driven atmospheric pressure plasma configured to deliver the radical flux into the far effluent region, well away from interference from other plasma factors such as electric fields, currents, and ultraviolet radiation. Using He–H2O gas chemistry isolated from the laboratory air, the plasma generated flux contains

O

H

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and other radicals including, O and HO2 as well as H2O2 which, along with, was found to vary with H2O vapour content and absorbed power density. Peak flux values were 2.3 nmol s−1 and 0.23 nmol s1 for H2O2 and

O

H

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respectively at a distance of 50 mm from the plasma, with 790 ppmv H2O and a power density of ∼108 W m−3. The maximum

O

H

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flux density was 4.5 × 1019 m−2s−1 falling to 1.7 × 1019 m2 s1 at 110 mm, equivalent to generation rates of 74 µM s1 and 28 µM s−1. Despite high

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H

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recombination rates at the plasma exit, the escaping flux is still significant, indicating a viable delivery capability to downstream targets. Its performance with regard to

O

H

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generation rates compares well with traditional

O

H

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generation techniques such as radiolysis, advanced oxidation processes and enhanced Fenton-chemistry approaches where

O

H

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production rates are sub-µM s−1. Delivering precisely quantifiable

O

H

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fluxes provides new opportunities for scientific studies and technological opportunities in cell biology, atmospheric chemistry, protein unfolding and systematic dose studies for plasma-based and other

O

H

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related potential medical treatments.
Evaluation of residual stresses in CO2 laser beam welding of SS316L weldments using FEA
Authors: Vemanaboina Harinadh , Babu M Mohan , Prerana Inguva Chinmaya , Gundabattini Edison , Yelamasetti Balram , Saxena Kuldeep K , Salem Karrar Hazim , Khan Muhammad Ijaz , Eldin Sayed M , Agrawal Manoj Kumar 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Laser welding is used in critical component production when tight tolerances like minimal distortions and residual stresses are required. Laser beam welding offers a lower heat input, a smaller heat affected zone, lower residual stresses, minimum distortions, and greater mechanical joint characteristics than conventional welding does. In order to simulate the laser welding process used on SS316L plates, the Gaussian heat source model was used. The model is developed and simulated with volumetric heat source model with APDL coding using ANSYS. The thermal profiles at the joint cross sections via welded area, interface across joints is taken for the analysis. The maximum temperature was observed at the fusion zone and associated zones. The residual stresses are analysed in the same path and found the stresses are in safe limits of base material. Predicted and experimentally measured residual stresses are close agreement with 10%.
Operational attribution of weather and climate extremes: what next?
Authors: Stott Peter A , Christidis Nikolaos 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The science of event attribution has developed considerably in recent years. There is now a growing interest in making this science operational. This perspective considers the challenges involved in doing this and suggests some priorities for further developments. It concludes that there is a requirement to deepen understanding of user needs for operational attribution, that further research will be needed to enable attribution of a wider variety of extreme events and their impacts, that there will have to be a greater underpinning of operational capability for such activities to be achievable, and that improved strategies for communicating results are needed for successful uptake by users.
Social Isolation, Sleep Disturbance, and Cognitive Functioning (HRS): A Longitudinal Mediation Study
Authors: Qi Xiang , Pei Yaolin , Malone Susan K , Wu Bei 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Social isolation is prevalent and associated with dementia, yet the directionality and mechanisms are less understood. This study examined the association between social isolation and cognitive functioning and explored the mediating role of sleep disturbance on the social isolation–cognition relationship.

Methods
Data from 5 753 dementia-free Americans aged ≥50 of 2006 (T1), 2010 (T2), and 2014 (T3) waves of the Health and Retirement Study. Social isolation was measured by the Steptoe Social Isolation Index. Cognitive functioning was measured by the Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status. Sleep disturbance was measured with the modified Jenkins Sleep Scale. We used cross-lagged panel models to determine the associations between social isolation, sleep disturbance, and cognitive functioning.

Results
Social isolation is significantly associated with subsequent cognitive functioning (T1 to T2: β = −0.055, standard error [SE] = 0.014, p &lt; .001; T2 to T3: β = −0.044, SE = 0.016, p &lt; .001). Lower cognitive functioning is significantly associated with greater subsequent social isolation (T1 to T2: β = −0.101, SE = 0.020, p &lt; .001; T2 to T3: β = −0.058, SE = .011, p &lt; .001). Sleep disturbance at T2 partially mediated the effect of social isolation (T1) on cognitive functioning (T3), accounting for 6.2% of the total effect (β = −0.003, SE = 0.001, p &lt; .01).

Conclusions
Social isolation may deteriorate cognitive functioning and vice versa. The association between social isolation and cognition is partially explained by sleep disturbance.
Major pathological remissions in a patient with stage IIIA nonsmall cell lung cancer after neoadjuvant tislelizumab combined with chemotherapy: a case report and literature review
Authors: Li Lu-Zhen , Lin Si-Hong , Wu Le-Xia , Chen Ting , Zhuang Juan-Na , Lai Hui-Qin , Liang Zhan-Peng , Zhu Wan-Shan , Li Wen-Xia , Tang Lu , Zhang Hua-Tang , Fang Can-Tu 
Published: January 2023

Introduction
Currently, there are few reports of patients with locally advanced lung cancer achieving a clinical complete response by medical treatment. Preoperative neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy is an option for patients with unresectable, locally advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) which is of great potential, and may change traditional treatment paradigms. There are relatively few large-scale, high-quality randomized-controlled trials yet, and limitations such as short postoperative follow-up period and immature disease-free survival and overall survival data still persist. Thus, evidence-based medical evidence is urgently needed. It is worthy to explore the further treatment of patients who achieved complete response after initial treatment, though lacking of evidence by now.

Case presentation
We report a stage IIIA lung squamous cell carcinoma case who achieved a major pathologic remission after neoadjuvant treatment with tislelizumab and chemotherapy.

Conclusion
Our case study contributes to the existing evidence on the feasibility, efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in locally advanced unresectable NSCLC.
Clinical significance of black-bluish discoloration of the abdominal wall in the newborn
Authors: Chen Yu-Han , Chung Hao-Wei , Chen Hsiu-Lin , Chang Yu-Tang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of the newborn with black-bluish discoloration of the abdominal wall (blue abdomen).

Methods
Between December 2007 and November 2016, neonates with blue abdomen referred for the suspicion of spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP) were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical features and their prognosis were analyzed.

Results
During the study period, there were 10 neonates with blue abdomen. Of them, five neonates were proven as having SIP and the others were free of perforation. Enteral feeding was significantly associated with SIP (P = 0.038); however, gestational age, birth weight, gender, the timing of presentation, white blood cell count, platelets count, and the use of indomethacin as well as surfactant therapy were not significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.338, 0.610, 0.490, 0.326, 0.084, 0.741, 0.292, and 0.197, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in survival between the two groups (P = 0.490).

Conclusions
Black-bluish discoloration of the abdominal wall may be a classical physical finding of SIP, but not be specific to SIP. The factor of enteral feeding might help to establish an appropriate diagnosis before invasive procedures. Because of high mortality, exploratory laparotomy should be avoided if there is no pneumoperitoneum.
What is known and what is still unknown within chronic musculoskeletal pain? A systematic evidence and gap map
Authors: Lyng Kristian D. , Djurtoft Chris , Bruun Malene K. , Christensen Mads N. , Lauritsen Rikke E. , Larsen Jesper B. , Birnie Kathryn A. , Stinson Jennifer , Hoegh Morten S. , Palsson Thorvaldur S. , Olesen Anne E. , Arendt-Nielsen Lars , Ehlers Lars H. , Fonager Kirsten , Jensen Martin B. , Würtzen Hanne , Poulin Patricia A. , Handberg Gitte , Ziegler Connie , Moeller Lars B. , Olsen Judi , Heise Lotte , Rathleff Michael S. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Evidence and gap maps (EGMs) can be used to identify gaps within specific research areas and help guide future research agendas and directions. Currently, there are no EGMs within the broad domain of chronic musculoskeletal (MSK) pain in adults. The aim of this study was to create a contemporary EGM of interventions and outcomes used for research investigating chronic MSK pain. This EGM was based on systematic reviews of interventions published in scientific journals within the past 20 years. Embase, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO were used to retrieve studies for inclusion. The quality of the included reviews was assessed using AMSTAR-II. Interventions were categorised as either physical, psychological, pharmacological, education/advice, interdisciplinary, or others. Outcomes were categorised using the Initiative on Methods, Measurement, and Pain Assessment in Clinical Trials (IMMPACT) recommendations. Of 4299 systematic reviews, 457 were included. Of these, 50% were rated critically low quality, 25% low quality, 10% moderate quality, and 15% rated high quality. Physical interventions (eg, exercise therapy) and education were the most common interventions reported in 80% and 20% of the studies, respectively. Pain (97%) and physical functioning (87%) were the most reported outcomes in the systematic reviews. Few systematic reviews used interdisciplinary interventions (3%) and economic-related outcomes (2%). This contemporary EGM revealed a low proportion of high-quality evidence within chronic MSK pain. This EGM clearly outlines the lack of high-quality research and the need for increased focus on interventions encompassing the entire biopsychosocial perspective.
Development of an electronic medical record provider evaluation template for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Gipson-McElroy Kamala , Pike Nancy A. 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurobehavioral condition in children. Current guidelines recommend that Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-V) criteria be met before diagnosing ADHD. However, 14–49% of providers are not documenting the use of DSM-V criteria in screening and diagnosis. The use of a standardized electronic health record (EHR) ADHD template is a potential option to assist providers with documenting the DSM-V criteria. The aim for this project was to provide a 1-hour educational in-service on the use of the DSM-V criteria, Vanderbilt rating scale, and a revised EHR ADHD template, and to assess provider use pre and post intervention. Results showed that few providers (n = 1; 2%) document using DSM-V criteria preintervention and post intervention with only a modest increase in template use (n = 3; 5%). However, there were statistical differences between provider type with advanced practice registered nurses and physician assistants screening more frequently using the EHR DSM-V ADHD template compared with physicians (p = .009). Future studies are needed to evaluate barriers to use, including practice preference, openness to change, and other factors that may affect provider workflow.
Identifying barriers and facilitators for nurse practitioners' opioid management of chronic pain
Authors: Kim Hyunsoo , Korzynski Alexandra , Hershberger Patricia E. , Durham Marianne L. 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Drug overdose deaths greatly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, with 100,306 cases occurring in the United States over 12 months from 2020 to 2021, an increase of 28.5% from the year before. Three quarters of these deaths involved opioids, and this epidemic has seriously complicated chronic pain management. The role of nurse practitioners (NPs) in opioid prescription has expanded since Affordable Care Act passage in 2010, but their prescription of opioids for chronic pain management is not well understood.

Objectives:
This integrative review aimed to identify barriers, facilitators, and other factors influencing NPs' management of chronic pain with opioids.

Data sources: :
Five databases were searched for the highest level of evidence in articles published from 2011 to 2021. Search results were refined to focus on NPs' chronic pain management via opioid prescription.

Conclusions:
Nine studies were selected for the review. Six identified themes were indicative of barriers, facilitators, and other factors affecting NPs' opioid management: nurse practitioner education, patient subjectivity and patient education, systemic change and alternative treatment access, interprofessional collaboration, nurse practitioner prescriptive authority, and practice environment. States and schools of nursing should modify policy and curricula to better support NPs' opioid management and reduce associated prescription barriers.

Implications for practice:
NPs' opioid management can best be improved by providing them with current guideline-based education regarding opioid prescription, emphasizing patient education, supplying NPs with systemic support, encouraging interprofessional collaboration, and solving the prescriptive authority issues. Enhancing NPs' opioid prescription and chronic pain management knowledge would help to mitigate the opioid epidemic.
Is it the time to integrate novel sequencing technologies into clinical practice?
Authors: VanOudenhove Jennifer , Halene Stephanie , Mendez Lourdes 
Published: January 2023

Purpose of review
The aim of this study was to provide insight into how novel next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques are set to revolutionize clinical practice.

Recent findings
Advances in sequencing technologies have focused on improved capture of mutations and reads and cellular resolution. Both short and long read DNA sequencing technology are being refined and combined in novel ways with other multiomic approaches to gain unprecedented biological insight into disease. Single-cell (sc)DNA-seq and integrated scDNA-seq with immunophenotyping provide granular information on disease composition such as clonal hierarchy, co-mutation status, zygosity, clonal diversity and genotype phenotype correlations. These and other techniques can identify rare cell populations providing the opportunity for increased sensitivity in measurable residual disease monitoring and precise characterization of residual clones permitting distinction of leukemic from pre/nonmalignant clones.

Summary
Increasing genetics-based mechanistic insights and classification of myeloid diseases along with a decrease in the cost of high-throughput NGS mean novel sequencing technologies are closer to being a reality in standard clinical practice. These technologies are poised to improve diagnostics, our ability to monitor treatment response and minimal residual disease and allow the study of premalignant conditions such as clonal haematopoiesis.
The Defense of Shangri-La: A Thought Experiment of Periodic Community-wide Screening in the Future Pandemic
Authors: Duan Anqi , Li Jian , Yang Zhen , He Yungang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesIn a dangerous future pandemic without effective vaccines and medicines, a reliable screening-and-isolation strategy can be the last opportunity to keep critical facilities and communities running and avoid a complete shutdown.MethodsIn this study, we introduced an epidemiological model that included essential parameters of infection transmission and screening. With varying parameters, we studied the dynamics of viral infection in the semi-isolated communities.ResultsIn the scenario with a periodic infection screening once per 3 days and a viral basic reproduction number 3.0, more than 85% of the infection waves have a duration less than 7 days and the infection size in each of the waves is generally less than 4 individuals when the efficiency of infection discovery is 0.9 in the screening. When the period of screening was elongated to once per 7 days, the cases of infection dramatically increased to 5 folds of that mentioned previously. Further, with a weak discovery efficiency of 0.7 and the aforementioned low screening frequency, the spread of infection would be out of control.ConclusionsOur study suggests that frequent periodic screening is capable of controlling a future epidemic in a semi-isolated community without vaccines and medicines.
Extensive diversity in RNA termination and regulation revealed by transcriptome mapping for the Lyme pathogenB. burgdorferi
Authors: Petroni Emily , Esnault Caroline , Tetreault Daniel , Dale Ryan K. , Storz Gisela , Adams Philip P. 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTTranscription termination is an essential and dynamic process that can tune gene expression in response to diverse molecular signals. Yet, the genomic positions, molecular mechanisms, and regulatory consequences of termination have only been studied thoroughly in model bacteria. We employed complementary RNA-seq approaches to map RNA ends for the transcriptome of the spirocheteBorrelia burgdorferi– the etiological agent of Lyme disease. By systematically mappingB. burgdorferiRNA ends at single nucleotide resolution, we delineated complex gene arrangements and operons and mapped untranslated regions (UTRs) and small RNAs (sRNAs). We experimentally tested modes ofB. burgdorferitranscription termination and compared our findings to observations inE. coli,P. aeruginosa, andB. subtilis. We discovered 63% ofB. burgdorferiRNA 3′ ends map upstream or internal to open reading frames (ORFs), suggesting novel mechanisms of regulation. Northern analysis confirmed the presence of stable 5′ derived RNAs from mRNAs encoding gene products involved in the unique infectious cycle ofB. burgdorferi. We suggest these RNAs resulted from premature termination and regulatory events, including forms ofcis-acting regulation. For example, we documented that the polyamine spermidine globally influences the generation of truncated mRNAs. In one case, we showed that high spermidine concentrations increased levels of RNA fragments derived from an mRNA encoding a spermidine import system, with a concomitant decrease in levels of the full- length mRNA. Collectively, our findings revealed new insight into transcription termination and uncovered an abundance of potential RNA regulators.
Generalized tree structure to annotate untargeted metabolomics and stable isotope tracing data
Authors: Li Shuzhao , Zheng Shujian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn untargeted metabolomics, multiple ions are often measured for each original metabolite, including isotopic forms and in-source modifications, such as adducts and fragments. Without prior knowledge of the chemical identity or formula, computational organization and interpretation of these ions is challenging, which is the deficit of previous software tools that perform the task using network algorithms. We propose here a generalized tree structure to annotate ions to relationships to the original compound and infer neutral mass. An algorithm is presented to convert mass distance networks to this tree structure with high fidelity. This method is useful for both regular untargeted metabolomics and stable isotope tracing experiments. It is implemented as a Python package (khipu), and provides a JSON format for easy data exchange and software interoperability. By generalized pre-annotation, khipu makes it feasible to connect metabolomics data with common data science tools, and supports flexible experimental designs.
The assembly landscape of the complete B-repeat superdomain fromStaphylococcus epidermidisstrain 1457
Authors: Yarawsky Alexander E. , Herr Andrew B. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe accumulation-associated protein (Aap) is the primary determinant ofStaphylococcus epidermidisdevice-related infections. The B-repeat superdomain is responsible for intercellular adhesion that leads to the development of biofilms occurring in such infections. It was recently demonstrated that Zn-induced B-repeat assembly leads to formation of functional amyloid fibrils, which offer strength and stability to the biofilm. Rigorous biophysical studies of Aap B-repeats fromS. epidermidisstrain RP62A revealed Zn-induced assembly into a stable, reversible dimer and tetramer, prior to aggregation into amyloid fibrils. Genetic manipulation is not tractable for manyS. epidermidisstrains, including RP62A; instead, many genetic studies have used strain 1457. Therefore, to better connect findings from biophysical and structural studies of B-repeats toin vivostudies, the B-repeat superdomain from strain 1457 was examined. Differences between the B-repeats from strain RP62A and 1457 include the number of B-repeats, which has been shown to play a critical role in assembly into amyloid fibrils, as well as the distribution of consensus and variant B-repeat subtypes, which differ in assembly competency and thermal stability. Detailed investigation of the Zn-induced assembly of the full B-repeat supderdomain from strain 1457 was conducted using analytical ultracentrifugation. Whereas the previous construct from RP62A (Brpt5.5) formed a stable tetramer prior to aggregation, Brpt6.5 from 1457 forms extremely large stable species on the order of 28- and 32-mers, prior to aggregation into similar amyloid fibrils. Importantly, both assembly pathways proceed through the same mechanism of dimerization and tetramerization, and both conclude with the formation of amyloid-like fibrils. Theoretical discussions of the energy landscape of B-repeats from different strains and of different length are provided with considerations of biological implications.Statement of SignificanceStaphylococcus epidermidisis a major pathogen responsible for device-related infections. The primary factor responsible for such infections is the accumulation-associated protein, Aap, through its ability to mediate formation of dense surface-adherent communities of bacteria known as biofilms. Our lab recently demonstrated that the B-repeat superdomain of Aap from strain RP62A undergoes Zn-dependent assembly to form functional amyloid fibrils that improve the strength and resilience of biofilmsin vitro. These amyloid fibrils may be responsible for the difficulty in treating device-related infections. However, strain 1457 is commonly used for genetic manipulation. In this manuscript, the Zn-dependent assembly of B-repeats from strain 1457 is shown to lead to the same outcome of amyloidogenesis, although it occurs through different intermediate oligomeric states.