bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Including the patient in patient blood management: Development and assessment of an educational animation tool
Authors: Arya Sumedha , Xiang Tracy , Tang Grace H. , Pavenski Katerina 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatient blood management (PBM) programs are effective at reducing transfusion‐associated mortality and morbidity; however, patient engagement within the realm of PBM remains relatively unstudied. Our objectives were to develop a novel educational tool utilizing animation to educate preoperative patients about anemia and to evaluate the effectiveness of this intervention.Study Design and MethodsWe created a patient‐facing animation for preoperative surgical patients. The animation addressed characters' health journeys from diagnosis to treatment, addressing the role of PBM. We utilized the concept of patient activation as a means to empower patients, and developed the animation to be as accessible as possible. Post‐viewing, patients provided feedback utilizing an electronic survey.ResultsA final version of the animation can be found here: https://vimeo.com/495857315. A total of 51 participants viewed our animation, the majority of whom were planned to undergo joint replacement or cardiac surgery. Almost all (94%, N = 4) agreed that taking an active role in their health was the most important factor in determining their ability to function. The video was felt to be easy to understand (96%, N = 49), and 92% (N = 47) agreed that they had a better understanding of anemia and its treatment. After watching the animation, patients felt more certain that they could follow through with their PBM plan (98%, N = 50).DiscussionTo the best of our knowledge, there are no other PBM‐specific patient education animations. Patients enjoyed learning about PBM though animation, and patient education may lead to better uptake of PBM interventions. We hope that other hospitals will be inspired to pursue this approach.
Water and Geological Assessment in the Micro-Watersheds of the Alkaline Rocks of Tanguá and Soarinho in Rio de Janeiro State
Authors: De Barros Marcos Caldeira , Da Hora Mônica De Aquino Galeano Massera , Dos Santos Anderson Costa , Salomão Marcelo Dos Santos , Da Hora Antonio Ferreira , Teodoro Marco Aurélio Maia 
Published: June 2023

Alkaline bodies of Tanguá and Soarinho in Rio de Janeiro present drainage areas that form the sources of the Soarinho and Caceribu Rivers. Due to its water and geological importance, we sought to investigate the relation between alkaline rocks and water bodies and the possible consequences of mining activity, as well as the use and occupation of land in water quality. Initially, the magnetometric profile was traced to confirm whether the locations selected for sample collection were located in the alkaline region. Then, water and sediment collections were carried out from the bed at three points on the Soarinho River and one point on the Caceribu River, all inserted in the drainages of the Soarinho and Tanguá alkaline massifs. Parameters necessary to calculate the Water Quality Index (WQI) and those related to contamination by mining activities were analyzed. Chemical analysis of the bed material sought to identify the deposition of contaminants. The context of alkaline rock interaction and water influence is confirmed through geophysical and lithogeochemical techniques through location maps and comparative results of bed material and direct samples of alkaline rocks that showed similar constitutions. In general, the WQI presented a median result, meeting the main requirements for appropriate water for conventional treatment aimed at public supply, and no indicators of contamination by mining activities were found, however, at point P3, representative of the headwaters of the Soarinho River, there were significant changes in BOD and fecal coliforms indicating direct discharge of domestic sewage in a nearby location. The results of the analyzes downstream of this point demonstrate the water bodies dilution capacity.
System-Reliability-Based Disaster Resilience Analysis of Infrastructure Networks and Causality-Based Importance Measure
Authors: Kwon Youngjun , Song Junho 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Civil infrastructure systems become highly complex and thus get more vulnerable to disasters. The concept of disaster resilience, the overall capability of a system to manage risks posed by catastrophic events, is emerging to address the challenge. Recently, a system-reliability-based disaster resilience analysis framework was proposed for a holistic assessment of the components' reliability, the system's redundancy, and the society's ability to recover the system functionality. The proposed framework was applied to individual structures to produce diagrams visualizing the pairs of the reliability index (β) and the redundancy index (π) defined to quantify the likelihood of each initial disruption scenario and the corresponding system-level failure probability, respectively. This paper develops methods to apply the β-π analysis framework to infrastructure networks and demonstrates its capability to evaluate the disaster resilience of networks from a system reliability viewpoint. We also propose a new causality-based importance measure of network components based on the β-π analysis and a causal diagram model that can consider the causality mechanism of the system failure. Compared with importance measures in the literature, the proposed measure can evaluate a component's relative importance through a well-balanced consideration of network topology and reliability. The proposed measure is expected to provide helpful guidelines for making optimal decisions to secure the disaster resilience of infrastructure networks.
The Use of Recovery Strategies in Gaelic Games: A Mixed-Methods Analysis
Authors: Daly Lorcan S. , Catháin Ciarán Ó. , Kelly David T. 
Published: June 2023

Purpose: This study investigated Gaelic games players’ (1) use of postexercise recovery strategies; (2) recovery strategies according to sport, biological sex, and playing standard; and (3) recovery strategy periodization. Methods: Participants were a total of 1178 Gaelic players (n = 574 female), age 24.6 (6.6) years. These players completed a questionnaire investigating postexercise recovery strategies. Participants were further dichotomized by playing standard into developmental (club/collegiate; n = 869) and national (intercounty; n = 309) levels and by sporting codes: Gaelic football (n = 813), Camogie/hurling (n = 342), and handball (n = 23). Results: Active recovery (90.4%), cold temperature exposure (79.5%), regular sleep routine (79.1%), strategic nutritional intake (72.3%), and massage (68.8%) were the most commonly used recovery strategies. Recovery strategy use was periodized by 30% of players. A significantly larger proportion of national-level players apply cold temperatures (86.7% vs 73.1%; P = .001) and nutritional strategies (80.1% vs 69.2%; P = .012) when compared with developmental players. A significantly larger proportion of female players have a regular sleep routine (82.6% vs 75.1%; P = .037), apply external heat (63.4% vs 48.5%; P = .002), and perform stretching (76.5% vs 66.4%; P = .002) postexercise when compared with male players. A significantly larger proportion of male players employ nutritional strategies (77.6% vs 67.5%; P = .007) and consume a combination of protein and carbohydrate (62.1% vs 28.0%; P < .001) postexercise when compared with female players. Conclusion: Gaelic games players regularly implement a range of postexercise recovery strategies in an attempt to expediate the return of performance capacity and psychophysiological status to preexercise levels. The current findings may support practitioners who seek to prescribe effective and periodized recovery interventions targeting optimized preference/compliance.
Three-dimensional glacial isostatic adjustment modeling reconciles conflicting geographic trends in North American marine isotope stage 5a relative sea level observations
Authors: Thompson Schmitty B. , Creveling Jessica R. , Latychev Konstantin , Mitrovica Jerry X. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) simulations using earth models that vary viscoelastic structure with depth alone cannot simultaneously fit geographic trends in the elevation of marine isotope stage (MIS) 5a relative sea level (RSL) indicators across continental North America and the Caribbean and yield conflicting estimates of global mean sea level (GMSL). We present simulations with a GIA model that incorporates three-dimensional (3-D) variation in North American viscoelastic earth structure constructed by combining high-resolution seismic tomographic imaging with a new method for mapping this imaging into lateral variations in lithospheric thickness and mantle viscosity. We pair this earth model with a global ice history based on updated constraints on ice volume and geometry. The GIA prediction provides the first simultaneous reconciliation of MIS 5a North American and Caribbean RSL highstands and strengthens arguments that MIS 5a peak GMSL reached values close to that of the Last Interglacial. This result highlights the necessity of incorporating realistic 3-D earth structure into GIA predictions with continent-scale RSL data sets.
What tests and measures accurately diagnose persisting post-concussive symptoms in children, adolescents and adults following sport-related concussion? A systematic review
Authors: Yeates Keith Owen , Räisänen Anu M , Premji Zahra , Debert Chantel T , Frémont Pierre , Hinds Sidney , Smirl Jonathan D , Barlow Karen , Davis Gavin A , Echemendia Ruben J , Feddermann-Demont Nina , Fuller Colm , Gagnon Isabelle , Giza Christopher C , Iverson Grant L , Makdissi Michael , Schneider Kathryn J 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveTo determine what tests and measures accurately diagnose persisting post-concussive symptoms (PPCS) in children, adolescents and adults following sport-related concussion (SRC).DesignA systematic literature review.Data sourcesMEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus through March 2022.Eligibility criteriaOriginal, empirical, peer-reviewed findings (cohort studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies and case series) published in English and focused on SRC. Studies needed to compare individuals with PPCS to a comparison group or their own baseline prior to concussion, on tests or measures potentially affected by concussion or associated with PPCS. Results: Of 3298 records screened, 26 articles were included in the qualitative synthesis, including 1016 participants with concussion and 531 in comparison groups; 7 studies involved adults, 8 involved children and adolescents and 11 spanned both age groups. No studies focused on diagnostic accuracy. Studies were heterogeneous in participant characteristics, definitions of concussion and PPCS, timing of assessment and the tests and measures examined. Some studies found differences between individuals with PPCS and comparison groups or their own pre-injury assessments, but definitive conclusions were not possible because most studies had small convenience samples, cross-sectional designs and were rated high risk of bias.ConclusionThe diagnosis of PPCS continues to rely on symptom report, preferably using standardised symptom rating scales. The existing research does not indicate that any other specific tool or measure has satisfactory accuracy for clinical diagnosis. Future research drawing on prospective, longitudinal cohort studies could help inform clinical practice.
Acute evaluation of sport-related concussion and implications for the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT6) for adults, adolescents and children: a systematic review
Authors: Echemendia Ruben J , Burma Joel S , Bruce Jared M , Davis Gavin A , Giza Christopher C , Guskiewicz Kevin M , Naidu Dhiren , Black Amanda Marie , Broglio Steven , Kemp Simon , Patricios Jon S , Putukian Margot , Zemek Roger , Arango-Lasprilla Juan Carlos , Bailey Christopher M , Brett Benjamin L , Didehbani Nyaz , Gioia Gerry , Herring Stanley A , Howell David , Master Christina L , Valovich McLeod Tamara C , Meehan William P , Premji Zahra , Salmon Danielle , van Ierssel Jacqueline , Bhathela Neil , Makdissi Michael , Walton Samuel R , Kissick James , Pardini Jamie , Schneider Kathryn J 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesTo systematically review the scientific literature regarding the acute assessment of sport-related concussion (SRC) and provide recommendations for improving the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT6).Data sourcesSystematic searches of seven databases from 2001 to 2022 using key words and controlled vocabulary relevant to concussion, sports, SCAT, and acute evaluation.Eligibility criteria(1) Original research articles, cohort studies, case–control studies, and case series with a sample of >10; (2) ≥80% SRC; and (3) studies using a screening tool/technology to assess SRC acutely (<7 days), and/or studies containing psychometric/normative data for common tools used to assess SRC.Data extractionSeparate reviews were conducted involving six subdomains: Cognition, Balance/Postural Stability, Oculomotor/Cervical/Vestibular, Emerging Technologies, and Neurological Examination/Autonomic Dysfunction. Paediatric/Child studies were included in each subdomain. Risk of Bias and study quality were rated by coauthors using a modified SIGN (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network) tool.ResultsOut of 12 192 articles screened, 612 were included (189 normative data and 423 SRC assessment studies). Of these, 183 focused on cognition, 126 balance/postural stability, 76 oculomotor/cervical/vestibular, 142 emerging technologies, 13 neurological examination/autonomic dysfunction, and 23 paediatric/child SCAT. The SCAT discriminates between concussed and non-concussed athletes within 72 hours of injury with diminishing utility up to 7 days post injury. Ceiling effects were apparent on the 5-word list learning and concentration subtests. More challenging tests, including the 10-word list, were recommended. Test–retest data revealed limitations in temporal stability. Studies primarily originated in North America with scant data on children.ConclusionSupport exists for using the SCAT within the acute phase of injury. Maximal utility occurs within the first 72 hours and then diminishes up to 7 days after injury. The SCAT has limited utility as a return to play tool beyond 7 days. Empirical data are limited in pre-adolescents, women, sport type, geographical and culturally diverse populations and para athletes.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020154787.
Beyond acute concussion assessment to office management: a systematic review informing the development of a Sport Concussion Office Assessment Tool (SCOAT6) for adults and children
Authors: Patricios Jon S , Schneider Geoff M , van Ierssel Jacqueline , Purcell Laura K , Davis Gavin A , Echemendia Ruben J , Fremont Pierre , Fuller Gordon Ward , Herring Stanley A , Harmon Kimberly G , Holte Kirsten , Loosemore Mike , Makdissi Michael , McCrea Michael , Meehan William P , O'Halloran Patrick , Premji Zahra , Putukian Margot , Shill Isla Jordan , Turner Michael , Vaandering Kenzie , Webborn Nick , Yeates Keith Owen , Schneider Kathryn J 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesTo systematically review the scientific literature regarding the assessment of sport-related concussion (SRC) in the subacute phase (3–30 days) and provide recommendations for developing a Sport Concussion Office Assessment Tool (SCOAT6).Data sourcesMEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science searched from 2001 to 2022. Data extracted included study design, population, definition of SRC diagnosis, outcome measure(s) and results.Eligibility criteria(1) Original research, cohort studies, case–control studies, diagnostic accuracy and case series with samples >10; (2) SRC; (3) screening/technology that assessed SRC in the subacute period and (4) low risk of bias (ROB). ROB was performed using adapted Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network criteria. Quality of evidence was evaluated using the Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy classification.ResultsOf 9913 studies screened, 127 met inclusion, assessing 12 overlapping domains. Results were summarised narratively. Studies of acceptable (81) or high (2) quality were used to inform the SCOAT6, finding sufficient evidence for including the assessment of autonomic function, dual gait, vestibular ocular motor screening (VOMS) and mental health screening.ConclusionCurrent SRC tools have limited utility beyond 72 hours. Incorporation of a multimodal clinical assessment in the subacute phase of SRC may include symptom evaluation, orthostatic hypotension screen, verbal neurocognitive tests, cervical spine evaluation, neurological screen, Modified Balance Error Scoring System, single/dual task tandem gait, modified VOMS and provocative exercise tests. Screens for sleep disturbance, anxiety and depression are recommended. Studies to evaluate the psychometric properties, clinical feasibility in different environments and time frames are needed.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020154787.
Evaluating the limits of AI in medical specialisation: ChatGPT’s performance on the UK Neurology Specialty Certificate Examination
Authors: Giannos Panagiotis 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundLarge language models such as ChatGPT have demonstrated potential as innovative tools for medical education and practice, with studies showing their ability to perform at or near the passing threshold in general medical examinations and standardised admission tests. However, no studies have assessed their performance in the UK medical education context, particularly at a specialty level, and specifically in the field of neurology and neuroscience.MethodsWe evaluated the performance of ChatGPT in higher specialty training for neurology and neuroscience using 69 questions from the Pool—Specialty Certificate Examination (SCE) Neurology Web Questions bank. The dataset primarily focused on neurology (80%). The questions spanned subtopics such as symptoms and signs, diagnosis, interpretation and management with some questions addressing specific patient populations. The performance of ChatGPT 3.5 Legacy, ChatGPT 3.5 Default and ChatGPT-4 models was evaluated and compared.ResultsChatGPT 3.5 Legacy and ChatGPT 3.5 Default displayed overall accuracies of 42% and 57%, respectively, falling short of the passing threshold of 58% for the 2022 SCE neurology examination. ChatGPT-4, on the other hand, achieved the highest accuracy of 64%, surpassing the passing threshold and outperforming its predecessors across disciplines and subtopics.ConclusionsThe advancements in ChatGPT-4’s performance compared with its predecessors demonstrate the potential for artificial intelligence (AI) models in specialised medical education and practice. However, our findings also highlight the need for ongoing development and collaboration between AI developers and medical experts to ensure the models’ relevance and reliability in the rapidly evolving field of medicine.
Risk assessment and stratification of mild cognitive impairment among the Chinese elderly: attention to modifiable risk factors
Authors: Wang Qiong , Zhou Shuai , Zhang Jingya , Wang Qing , Hou Fangfang , Han Xiao , Shen Guodong , Zhang Yan 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundThe early identification of individuals at risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has major public health implications for Alzheimer’s disease prevention.ObjectiveThis study aims to develop and validate a risk assessment tool for MCI with a focus on modifiable factors and a suggested risk stratification strategy.MethodsModifiable risk factors were selected from recent reviews, and risk scores were obtained from the literature or calculated based on the Rothman-Keller model. Simulated data of 10 000 subjects with the exposure rates of the selected factors were generated, and the risk stratifications were determined by the theoretical incidences of MCI. The performance of the tool was verified using cross-sectional and longitudinal datasets from a population-based Chinese elderly cohort.ResultsNine modifiable risk factors (social isolation, less education, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes, smoking, drinking, physical inactivity and depression) were selected for the predictive model. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.71 in the training set and 0.72 in the validation set for the cross-sectional dataset. The AUCs were 0.70 and 0.64 in the training and validation sets, respectively, for the longitudinal dataset. A combined risk score of 0.95 and 1.86 was used as the threshold to categorise MCI risk as ‘low’, ‘moderate’ and ‘high’.ConclusionA risk assessment tool for MCI with appropriate accuracy was developed in this study, and risk stratification thresholds were also suggested. The tool might have significant public health implications for the primary prevention of MCI in elderly individuals in China.
Genotype–phenotype associations in Alström syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bea-Mascato Brais , Valverde Diana 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundAlström syndrome (ALMS; #203800) is an ultrarare monogenic recessive disease. This syndrome is associated with variants in theALMS1gene, which encodes a centrosome-associated protein involved in the regulation of several ciliary and extraciliary processes, such as centrosome cohesion, apoptosis, cell cycle control and receptor trafficking. The type of variant associated with ALMS is mostly complete loss-of-function variants (97%) and they are mainly located in exons 8, 10 and 16 of the gene. Other studies in the literature have tried to establish a genotype–phenotype correlation in this syndrome with limited success. The difficulty in recruiting a large cohort in rare diseases is the main barrier to conducting this type of study.MethodsIn this study we collected all cases of ALMS published to date. We created a database of patients who had a genetic diagnosis and an individualised clinical history. Lastly, we attempted to establish a genotype–phenotype correlation using the truncation site of the patient’s longest allele as a grouping criteria.ResultsWe collected a total of 357 patients, of whom 227 had complete clinical information, complete genetic diagnosis and meta-information on sex and age. We have seen that there are five variants with high frequency, with p.(Arg2722Ter) being the most common variant, with 28 alleles. No gender differences in disease progression were detected. Finally, truncating variants in exon 10 seem to be correlated with a higher prevalence of liver disorders in patients with ALMS.ConclusionPathogenic variants in exon 10 of theALMS1gene were associated with a higher prevalence of liver disease. However, the location of the variant in theALMS1gene does not have a major impact on the phenotype developed by the patient.