bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guillain–Barré syndrome after COVID‐19 vaccination with suspected concurrent cytomegalovirus reactivation
Authors: Itogawa Katsuhiro , Okubo So , Yamada Minako , Bannai Taro , Seki Tomonari , Uchibori Ayumi , Shiio Yasushi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundGuillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is an immune‐mediated polyneuropathy most commonly associated with antecedent infections, such as Campylobacter jejuni or viral infections, but vaccination is also known as an antecedent event. In recent years, due to the worldwide pandemic, vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has widely spread throughout the world. Although surveillance of vaccination‐associated adverse effects is still ongoing, multiple cases of GBS after COVID‐19 vaccination have been reported. However, the exact pathophysiology of COVID‐19 vaccination causing GBS has not been clarified. Not only new‐onset infection, but also reactivation of dormant viral agents, is known to trigger GBS. This reactivation might occur after COVID‐19 vaccination; however, there are no reports of this phenomenon in association with post‐vaccination GBS.Case PresentationA 44‐year‐old immunocompetent woman presented with acute onset weakness in all four limbs 6 days after COVID‐19 vaccination. Neurological examination showed dysphagia, symmetrical weakness, absent tendon reflexes and distal dominant sensory disturbance in all four extremities. Nerve conduction studies were compatible with demyelinating neuropathy, and serum was positive for anti‐GD1a‐IgG antibody. A diagnosis of acute inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy was made. Serological examination on admission suggested concomitant cytomegalovirus reactivation. Plasma exchange rapidly improved her symptoms, including weakness and sensory disturbance, and she was discharged without residual symptoms.ConclusionsThe present case suggests that cytomegalovirus reactivation might play a role in the pathogenesis of GBS associated with COVID‐19 vaccination. Accounting for cytomegalovirus reactivation might reveal unidentified pathophysiology of GBS after COVID‐19 vaccination.
Safety and effectiveness assessment of endovascular recanalization for non‐acute middle cerebral artery occlusion
Authors: Xi Zhang , Guangxin Duan , He Zhang , Zhibin Chen , Yun Luo , Tingzheng Zhang , Yun Xu , Jingwei Li 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundEndovascular treatment for patients with symptomatic nonacute middle cerebral artery occlusion remains clinically challenging, and proof of a beneficial effect on functional outcome is lacking. We aim to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of endovascular recanalization for patients with symptomatic nonacute middle cerebral artery occlusion.MethodsNinety‐eight patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic nonacute middle cerebral artery occlusion were divided into drug treatment groups (42) and endovascular treatment groups (56). The rate of recanalization, peri‐procedural complications, and follow‐up results were evaluated.ResultsAmong the 56 patients who received endovascular treatment, 53 (94.6%) achieved successful recanalization. The rate of peri‐procedural complications was 7.1% (4/56), and the death rate was 1.8% (1/56). Any stroke within 90 days was 7.1% (4/56). Among the 42 patients in drug treatment group, any stroke within 90 days was 19.0% (8/42), death rate was 0.ConclusionAmong patients with symptomatic nonacute middle cerebral artery occlusion with a short length of occlusion and a moderate‐to‐good collateral circulation, endovascular treatment seems to be safe. And endovascular treatment could reduce the recurrence rate of stroke.
The Computational Challenges of Means Selection Problems: Network Structure of Goal Systems Predicts Human Performance
Authors: Reichman Daniel , Lieder Falk , Bourgin David D. , Talmon Nimrod , Griffiths Thomas L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe study human performance in two classical NP‐hard optimization problems: Set Cover and Maximum Coverage. We suggest that Set Cover and Max Coverage are related to means selection problems that arise in human problem‐solving and in pursuing multiple goals: The relationship between goals and means is expressed as a bipartite graph where edges between means and goals indicate which means can be used to achieve which goals. While these problems are believed to be computationally intractable in general, they become more tractable when the structure of the network resembles a tree. Thus, our main prediction is that people should perform better with goal systems that are more tree‐like. We report three behavioral experiments which confirm this prediction. Our results suggest that combinatorial parameters that are instrumental to algorithm design can also be useful for understanding when and why people struggle to choose between multiple means to achieve multiple goals.
Quantitative myocardial perfusion should be interpreted in the light of sex and comorbidities in patients with suspected chronic coronary syndrome: A cardiac positron emission tomography study
Authors: Székely Anna , Steding‐Ehrenborg Katarina , Ryd Daniel , Hedeer Fredrik , Valind Kristian , Akil Shahnaz , Hindorf Cecilia , Hedström Erik , Erlinge David , Arheden Håkan , Engblom Henrik 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDiagnosis and treatment of patients with suspected chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) currently relies on the degree of coronary artery stenosis and its significance for myocardial perfusion. However, myocardial perfusion can be affected by factors other than coronary stenosis. The aim of this study was to investigate to what extent sex, age, diabetes, hypertension and smoking affect quantitative myocardial perfusion, beyond the degree of coronary artery stenosis, in patients with suspected or established CCS. Eighty‐six patients [median age 69 (range 46−86) years, 24 females] planned for elective coronary angiography due to suspected or established CCS were included. All patients underwent cardiac 13N‐NH3 positron emission tomography to quantify myocardial perfusion at rest and stress. Lowest myocardial perfusion (perfusionmin) at stress and rest and lowest myocardial perfusion reserve (MPRmin) for all vessel territories was used as dependent variables in a linear mixed model. Independent variables were vessel territory, degree of coronary artery stenosis (as a continuous variable of 0%−100% stenosis), sex, age, diabetes, hypertension and smoking habits. Degree of coronary artery stenosis (p < 0.001), male sex (1.8 ± 0.6 vs. 2.3 ± 0.6 mL/min/g, p < 0.001), increasing age (p = 0.025), diabetes (1.6 ± 0.5 vs. 2.0 ± 0.6 mL/min/g, p = 0.023) and smoking (1.9 ± 0.6 vs. 2.1 ± 0.6 mL/min/g, p = 0.052) were independently associated with myocardial perfusionmin at stress. Degree of coronary artery stenosis (p < 0.001), age (p = 0.040), diabetes (1.8 ± 0.6 vs. 2.3 ± 0.7, p = 0.046) and hypertension (2.2 ± 0.7 vs. 2.5 ± 0.6, p = 0.033) were independently associated with MPRmin. Sex, increasing age, diabetes, hypertension and smoking affect myocardial perfusion independent of coronary artery stenosis in patients with suspected or established CCS. Thus, these factors need to be considered when assessing the significance of reduced quantitative myocardial perfusion of patients with suspected or established CCS.
Reliability of QuantiFERON®‐CMV in predicting CMV recurrence in heart transplant recipients: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Sermet Kevin , Goeminne Céline , Hantz Sébastien , Assaf Ady , Faure Emmanuel , Lazrek Mouna , Faure Karine , Alain Sophie , Vuotto Fanny 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundRecurrence after Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in heart transplant recipients is difficult to predict, in spite of its high incidence. Secondary prophylaxis could reduce this burden; however, its duration remains unestablished. We evaluated the QuantiFERON®‐CMV test to see if it could predict CMV recurrence and help optimize the duration of secondary prophylaxis.MethodsThis observational retrospective single center study included all heart transplant recipients who developed CMV infection between 2019 and 2021, with the CD8+ T‐cell‐mediated CMV immunity QuantiFERON®‐CMV test assessed at the time of (val)ganciclovir curative treatment completion. The main outcomes were CMV recurrence and duration of secondary prophylaxis. Secondary outcomes included immunosuppressive regimen, rejection, lymphocyte count, CMV viral load, infection type, and duration as possible confounding factors for recurrence.ResultsAmong the 15 patients included, five (33%) experienced recurrence, of whom three (60%) had a positive QuantiFERON®‐CMV test. The duration of secondary prophylaxis was similar regardless of QF‐CMV positivity. No confounding factor was significantly associated with CMV recurrence; however, it occurred in only 1/7 (14%) of the patients receiving an everolimus‐containing immunosuppressive regimen.ConclusionIn the population of heart transplant recipients, most of whom received ATG‐based induction, the QuantiFERON®‐CMV assay may not accurately predict CMV recurrence and would have not helped refining the duration of secondary prophylaxis in our patients. Other cell‐mediated immunity tests and strategies in this specific population, including everolimus‐containing regimens, may help predict and manage CMV recurrence.
Early reversal of the lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio after allogeneic‐hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is associated with reduced relapse and improved prognosis
Authors: Nagayama Takashi , Fujiwara Shin‐ichiro , Tominaga Ryutaro , Yokoyama Daizo , Noguchi Atsuto , Furuki Shuka , Oyama Takashi , Koyama Shunsuke , Murahashi Rui , Nakashima Hirotomo , Ikeda Takashi , Hyodo Kazuki , Kawaguchi Shin‐ichiro , Toda Yumiko , Umino Kento , Morita Kaoru , Ashizawa Masahiro , Yamamoto Chihiro , Hatano Kaoru , Sato Kazuya , Ohmine Ken , Kanda Yoshinobu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe early recovery of lymphocyte and monocyte cells is associated with a favorable prognosis after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT); however, it is not clear whether the balance of lymphocyte and monocyte recovery affects the post‐transplant prognosis.MethodsWe examined whether the time‐point at which the number of lymphocytes exceeded the number of monocytes, which we termed lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio reversal (LMRR), affected the prognosis after allo‐HSCT. We retrospectively evaluated 235 patients who underwent their first allo‐HSCT at our institution.ResultsThe median number of days from HSCT to LMRR was 46 (range, 0–214), and the patients were divided into two groups according to the occurrence of LMRR by day 45 (LMRR45). In a multivariate analysis, early LMRR contributed favorably to overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] .519; 95% confidence interval [CI] .332‐.812; p = .004) with fewer post‐transplant relapses (HR .462; 95% CI, .274‐.777; p = .004). Differences in the timing of LMRR did not affect non‐relapse mortality (HR 1.477; 95% CI .779‐2.80; p = .23) or the incidence of grade II‐IV acute GVHD (LMRR45(+): 25.0% vs. LMRR45(−) 35.2%. p = .111). In subgroup analyses, LMRR45(+) was found to be a favorable factor for survival with less relapse, regardless of the disease risk, stem cell source, or the recovery of either lymphocyte or monocyte counts.ConclusionsAn early LMRR may be a novel factor that is associated with reduced relapse and improved survival after allo‐HSCT.
Pneumococcal pneumonia and endotoxemia: An experimental and clinical reappraisal
Authors: Godon Jeanne , Charles Pierre‐Emmanuel , Nguyen Sylvie , de Barros Jean‐Paul Pais , Choubley Hélène , Jacquier Marine , Tetu Jennifer , Quenot Jean‐Pierre , Luu Maxime , Binquet Christine , Masson David , Piroth Lionel , Blot Mathieu ,   Pneumotoxemia study group
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundCirculating endotoxins could result from bacterial digestive translocation during sepsis, thus contributing to uncontrolled systemic inflammation, leading in turn to organ dysfunction. We addressed this issue in the setting of severe pneumococcal pneumonia.MethodsEndotoxemia was measured in a clinically relevant rabbit model of ventilated pneumococcal pneumonia and in 110 patients with bacteraemic pneumonia, using a patented mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for detection of 3‐OH fatty acids (C10, C12, C14, C16 and C18), which are molecules bound to the lipid A motif of LPS.ResultsWhereas higher levels of systemic inflammation and organ dysfunctions were found, there was no significant difference in lipopolysaccharide concentrations when infected rabbits were compared to non‐infected ones, or when patients were compared to healthy volunteers.ConclusionsSeemingly, endotoxins do not drive the overwhelming inflammation associated with severe forms of pneumococcal pneumonia.
BODIUM—A systemic approach to model the dynamics of soil functions
Authors: König Sara , Weller Ulrich , Betancur‐Corredor Bibiana , Lang Birgit , Reitz Thomas , Wiesmeier Martin , Wollschläger Ute , Vogel Hans‐Jörg 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe increasing demand for biomass for food, animal feed, fibre and bioenergy requires optimization of soil productivity, while at the same time, protecting other soil functions such as nutrient cycling and buffering, carbon storage, habitat for biological activity and water filter and storage. Therefore, one of the main challenges for sustainable agriculture is to produce high yields while maintaining all the other soil functions. Mechanistic simulation models are an essential tool to fully understand and predict the complex interactions between physical, biological and chemical processes of soils that generate those functions. We developed a soil model to simulate the impact of various agricultural management options and climate change on soil functions by integrating the relevant processes mechanistically and in a systemic way. As a special feature, we include the dynamics of soil structure induced by tillage and biological activity, which is especially relevant in arable soils. The model operates on a 1D soil profile consisting of a number of discrete layers with dynamic thickness. We demonstrate the model performance by simulating crop growth, root growth, nutrient and water uptake, nitrogen cycling, soil organic matter turnover, microbial activity, water distribution and soil structure dynamics in a long‐term field experiment including different crops and different types and levels of fertilization. The model is able to capture essential features that are measured regularly including crop yield, soil organic carbon, and soil nitrogen. In this way, the plausibility of the implemented processes and their interactions is confirmed. Furthermore, we present the results of explorative simulations comparing scenarios with and without tillage events to analyse the effect of soil structure on soil functions. Since the model is process‐based, we are confident that the model can also be used to predict quantities that have not been measured or to estimate the effect of management measures and climate states not yet been observed. The model thus has the potential to predict the site‐specific impact of management decisions on soil functions, which is of great importance for the development of a sustainable agriculture that is currently also on the agenda of the ‘Green Deal’ at the European level.
Efficient adaptive ensembling for image classification
Authors: Antonio Bruno , Moroni Davide , Martinelli Massimo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn recent times, with the exception of sporadic cases, the trend in computer vision is to achieve minor improvements compared to considerable increases in complexity. To reverse this trend, we propose a novel method to boost image classification performances without increasing complexity. To this end, we revisited ensembling, a powerful approach, often not used properly due to its more complex nature and the training time, so as to make it feasible through a specific design choice. First, we trained two EfficientNet‐b0 end‐to‐end models (known to be the architecture with the best overall accuracy/complexity trade‐off for image classification) on disjoint subsets of data (i.e., bagging). Then, we made an efficient adaptive ensemble by performing fine‐tuning of a trainable combination layer. In this way, we were able to outperform the state‐of‐the‐art by an average of 0.5% on the accuracy, with restrained complexity both in terms of the number of parameters (by 5–60 times), and the FLoating point Operations Per Second FLOPS by 10–100 times on several major benchmark datasets.
China's wetland soil organic carbon pool: New estimation on pool size, change, and trajectory
Authors: Ren Yongxing , Mao Dehua , Wang Zongming , Yu Zicheng , Xu Xiaofeng , Huang Yanan , Xi Yanbiao , Luo Ling , Jia Mingming , Song Kaishan , Li Xiaoyan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRobust estimates of wetland soil organic carbon (SOC) pools are critical to understanding wetland carbon dynamics in the global carbon cycle. However, previous estimates were highly variable and uncertain, due likely to the data sources and method used. Here we used machine learning method to estimate SOC storage and their changes over time in China's wetlands based on wetland SOC density database, associated geospatial environmental data, and recently published wetland maps. We built a database of wetland SOC density in China that contains 809 samples from 181 published studies collected over the last 20 years as presented in the published literature. All samples were extended and standardized to a 1‐m depth, on the basis of the relationship between SOC density data from soil profiles of different depths. We used three different machine learning methods to evaluate their robustness in estimating wetland SOC storage and changes in China. The results indicated that random forest model achieved accurate wetland SOC estimation with R2 being .65. The results showed that average SOC density of top 1 m in China's wetlands was 25.03 ± 3.11 kg C m−2 in 2000 and 26.57 ± 3.73 kg C m−2 in 2020, an increase of 6.15%. SOC storage change from 4.73 ± 0.58 Pg in 2000 to 4.35 ± 0.61 Pg in 2020, a decrease of 8.03%, due to 13.6% decreased in wetland area from 189.12 × 103 to 162.8 × 103 km2 in 2020, despite the increase in SOC density during the same time period. The carbon accumulation rate was 107.5 ± 12.4 g C m−2 year−1 since 2000 in wetlands with no area changes. Climate change caused variations in wetland SOC density, and a future warming and drying climate would lead to decreases in wetland SOC storage. Estimates under Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 1‐2.6 (low‐carbon emissions) suggested that wetland SOC storage in China would not change significantly by 2100, but under Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 5‐8.5 (high‐carbon emissions), it would decrease significantly by approximately 5.77%. In this study, estimates of wetland SOC storage were optimized from three aspects, including sample database, wetland extent, and estimation method. Our study indicates the importance of using consistent SOC density and extent data in estimating and projecting wetland SOC storage.
Introduction: Environmental (im)mobilities: Improving the evidence base for effective policy making
Authors: Martin Susan F. , Bergmann Jonas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDespite the converging agreement on the linkages between climate and broader environmental change and human (im)mobilities, evidence gaps persist that often relate to data challenges. It remains necessary to improve knowledge and data to better map, understand, project, and address environmental migration, displacement, planned relocation, and immobilities. Analyses of continuing data gaps and strategies for innovative data use are key to rise to the challenge. This Special Section of International Migration highlights these gaps and presents innovative strategies to address them.
Effect of right anterolateral thoracotomy versus median sternotomy on postoperative wound tissue repair in patients with congenital heart disease: A meta‐analysis
Authors: He Ruijing , Zhang Kai , Zhou Chunlong , Pei Chengcheng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRight anterolateral thoracotomy (RAT) and median sternotomy (MS) are two major methods for treatment of congenital cardiac disease. But there are various types of surgery that provide a better operative outcome for the patient. Therefore, we carried out a meta‐analysis to investigate the effects of these two methods in the treatment of wound tissue, hospitalization and so on, to find out which surgery method could provide the best short‐term effect. In this research, we chose an English controlled trial from 2003 to 2022 to evaluate the influence of right anterolateral thoracotomy and median sternotomy on the short‐term outcome of Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), time of operation, time spent in the hospital, and the time of scar formation. Our findings suggest that the RAT method was associated with a shorter surgical scars for congenital heart disease operations compared to MS with respect to post‐operation scars (WMD, 3.55; 95% CI, 0.04, 7.05; p = 0.05). The RAT method is better suited to the needs of patients who care about their injuries. Nevertheless, in addition to other surgery related factors which might affect post‐operative wound healing, we discovered that MS took a shorter time to perform CPB compared with RAT surgery (WMD, − 1.94; 95% CI, −3.39, −0.48; p = 0.009). Likewise, when it comes to the time taken to perform surgery, MS needs less operational time compared to RAT methods (WMD, −12.84; 95% CI, −25.27, −0.42; p = 0.04). On the other hand, the time needed for MS to recover was much longer compared to the RAT (WMD, 0. 60; 95% CI, 0.02, 1.18; p = 0.04). This indicates that while RAT is advantageous in terms of shortening the duration of post‐operative scar, it also increases the time needed for surgical operations and CPB.
DNA metabarcoding of cloacal swabs provides insight into diets of highly migratory sharks in the Mid‐Atlantic Bight
Authors: Olin Jill A. , Urakawa Hidetoshi , Frisk Michael G. , Newton Alisa L. , Manz Maria , Fogg Michael , McMullen Colin , Crawford Lisa , Shipley Oliver N. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe abundances of migratory shark species observed throughout the Mid‐Atlantic Bight (MAB) during productive summer months suggest that this region provides critical habitat and prey resources to these taxa. However, the principal prey assemblages sustaining migratory shark biomass in this region are poorly defined. We applied high‐throughput DNA metabarcoding to shark feces derived from cloacal swabs across nine species of Carcharhinid and Lamnid sharks to (1) quantify the contribution of broad taxa (e.g., invertebrates, fishes) supporting shark biomass during seasonal residency in the MAB and (2) determine whether the species displayed distinct dietary preference indicative of resource partitioning. DNA metabarcoding resulted in high taxonomic (species‐level) resolution of shark diets with actinopterygian and elasmobranch fishes as the dominant prey categories across the species. DNA metabarcoding identified several key prey groups consistent across shark taxa that are likely integral for sustaining their biomass in this region, including Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus), Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus), and benthic elasmobranchs, including skates. Our results are consistent with previously published stomach content data for the shark species of similar size range in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean, supporting the efficacy of cloacal swab DNA metabarcoding as a minimally invasive diet reconstruction technique. The high reliance of several shark species on Atlantic menhaden could imply wasp‐waist food‐web conditions during the summer months, whereby high abundances of forage fishes sustain a diverse suite of migratory sharks within a complex, seasonal food web.