bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitude change by facilitating choice: Experimentally evaluating a social identity‐based intervention to nativist populist rhetoric
Authors: Shayegh John , Baysu Gülseli , Turner Rhiannon N. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractNativist populism is on the rise across many liberal democratic contexts, yet we know relatively less about how to challenge its negative impacts. This study investigates the effectiveness of a novel intervention designed to counter nativist populist rhetoric. We draw on a social identity mobilization approach, and across two randomized control experiments in the United Kingdom (n = 850), test whether showing people how social identities can be used for influence effectively challenges populist and anti‐immigrant attitudes. In study 1, we found significantly lower populist attitudes among participants who received the intervention versus control. However, we did not observe any significant differences in anti‐immigrant attitudes. In study 2, we developed the immigration materials and employed a more comprehensive assessment that considered pre‐existing attitudes. Results replicated the effects on populist attitudes but did not indicate impacts on anti‐immigration attitudes. Notably, the effects on populist attitudes were maintained after controlling for age, gender, education, political orientation, and political interest. Overall, our intervention represents a novel avenue to addressing challenges posed by nativist populist rhetoric. Furthermore, the paper highlights the potential of leveraging social identity mobilization research to challenge political rhetoric, contributing wider insights for future interventions.
Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Does Not Accelerate Fear Extinction: A Randomized, Sham‐Controlled Study
Authors: D'Agostini Martina , Vanden Bossche Lucas , Burger Andreas M. , Van Diest Ilse 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTranscutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has been tested as a strategy to facilitate fear extinction learning based on the hypothesis that taVNS increases central noradrenergic activity. Four studies out of six found taVNS to enhance extinction learning especially at the beginning of extinction. Facilitatory effects of taVNS were mainly observed in US expectancy, less in fear‐potentiated startle (FPS), and not in the skin conductance response (SCR). Suboptimal stimulation parameters may explain the reported mixed results. Also, variability in selected fear conditioning paradigms and statistical power impedes the comparability between studies. This study sought to further test whether taVNS accelerates fear extinction learning as indexed by US expectancy, FPS, and SCR. Similar to most previous studies, we employed a differential fear conditioning paradigm. The left ear of 79 healthy participants was stimulated with either sham (earlobe) or taVNS (cymba concha) during extinction learning. To maximize the beneficial effects of taVNS, the stimulation of the left cymba concha was administered continuously at the maximum level below the pain threshold. Results of the pre‐registered frequentist and exploratory Bayesian analyses indicate that taVNS did not accelerate extinction learning in any of the outcomes. The null results indicate that taVNS with commonly used stimulation parameters does not reliably optimize fear extinction learning. More research is needed to test if the stimulation protocol determines the efficacy of taVNS in optimizing fear extinction learning.
Untrustworthiness
Authors: Tallant Jonathan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTDiscussions of trustworthiness are not ubiquitous in the philosophical literature (compare remarks by Jones 2012, 61). Nonetheless, there are some attempted analyses and there is excellent work ongoing. The goal of this paper is to focus on trustworthiness's even less discussed opposite: untrustworthiness. So far as I can tell, the concept has gone largely undiscussed in the philosophical literature. This is unfortunate. For, just as Hawley (2014) points out that a theory of trust must be rendered compatible with a theory of distrust, so (I claim) a theory of trustworthiness must be rendered compatible with a theory of untrustworthiness. A further wrinkle to be introduced along the way is the need for a further distinction: cases where we must talk, not of trustworthiness or untrustworthiness, but of neither.
Healthy Lifestyle Behaviours and Associated Factors in Caregivers of Patients With Chronic Mental Illnesses: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Akcam Merve , Altan Sarikaya Nihan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundAccording to the community‐based model, caregivers play a major role in the care of patients with chronic mental illness. However, caregivers have little time to attend to their own health needs and tend to ignore their health. Caregivers with healthy lifestyle behaviours are likely to achieve greater physical and psychological well‐being.AimThis study aims to assess the healthy lifestyle behaviours and associated factors for the caregivers of patients with chronic mental illnesses.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted at the psychiatry outpatient clinic of a hospital in Northwest Turkey, and the sample consisted of 122 caregivers. Data were collected using both a personal information form and the Healthy Lifestyle Behaviours Scale II.ResultsThe Healthy Lifestyle Behaviours Scale II score of the caregivers was 124.37 ± 28.02. The mean total Healthy Lifestyle Behaviour Score significantly varied depending on the caregiver's education level, income, caregiving experience and burnout experiences, the number of psychiatric hospitalisations of their patients in their lifetime and the perceived financial impact and social impact of their care (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe results suggest that psychiatric nurses should play a more active role in protecting and improving caregivers' health and well‐being by developing psychoeducational programmes that could help caregivers adopt healthy lifestyle behaviours.
Analyzing Asymmetry in Exchange Rates of Arctic Nations in Response to Oil Price Shocks
Authors: Baek Jungho 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study introduces a novel approach by utilising both structural VAR and nonlinear ARDL methods to investigate the short‐ and long‐term asymmetric effects of different oil shocks—oil supply, aggregate demand and oil‐specific demand shocks—on the exchange rates of six Arctic nations: Canada, Finland, Denmark, Norway, Russia and Sweden, over the period from January 1994 to December 2022. Our findings indicate that oil‐specific demand shocks have a substantial impact on exchange rates in both the short‐ and long‐term, while oil supply and aggregate demand shocks have minimal effects on currency fluctuations. Importantly, our analysis reveals new evidence of long‐term asymmetry in the influence of oil shocks on exchange rates in these Arctic economies, with asymmetric effects mainly manifesting over the long‐term. Thus, our research enriches our understanding of the distinct impacts of different oil price shocks on exchange rates, especially within the relatively unexplored context of Arctic economies.
Associations Between Movement Behaviors, Cognition, and Academic Achievement in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gonçalves João P. , Ferreira Gabriela , Lopes Luís , Sousa-Sá Eduarda , Santos Rute 
Published: January 2025

Objective: This systematic review summarizes the literature on the associations between movement behaviors (eg, sleep, sedentary behavior, and physical activity [PA]) and cognition, and academic achievement (AA) in children and adolescents. Methods: Four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and SPORTDiscus) were searched from inception until October 2023. Results: This systematic review included 24 reports, representing 48,558 youth aged 6–17.9 years. Ten reports (46%) showed a high risk of bias, and overall quality of evidence ranged from very low to moderate. No reports assessed the associations between sleep and cognition; 1 cross-sectional report showed beneficial associations between sleep and AA. Sedentary behaviors showed null associations with AA in 43% of the reports; however, screen time was detrimentally associated with AA in all reports. Overall, 57% of the reports looking at the associations between PA and cognition showed beneficial associations; 53% showed beneficial associations between PA and AA; 56% of the randomized controlled trials showed beneficial impacts on cognition (3 out of 5) or on AA (2 out of 4). Conclusions: Overall, this systematic review showed evidence of beneficial associations between PA and cognition and AA, as well as detrimental effects of screen time. Due to the many inconsistent results found for sedentary behavior, together with scarce data on associations between sleep duration and cognition, and AA in children and adolescents, more research is needed so researchers can draw strong and evidence-based conclusions.
Unveiling the role of adhesin proteins in controlling
Acinetobacter baumannii
infections: a systematic review
Authors: Pereira Isabel Ladeira , Hartwig Daiane Drawanz 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Combating multidrug-resistant
Acinetobacter baumannii
is considered a priority by the World Health Organization. Virulence mechanisms, such as biofilm formation, multidrug resistance, and high adherence to both biotic and abiotic surfaces, underscore the urgency of exploring approaches to control this pathogen. The search for new antibiotic compounds and alternative strategies like immunotherapies and vaccination offers potential solutions to address this pressing health concern. In this context, adhesins play a crucial role in the pathogenicity and virulence of
A. baumannii
, making them potential targets for therapeutic interventions. To address this, we conducted a systematic review of
A. baumannii
adhesin research from the last decade (2013–2023). We reviewed 24 papers: 6 utilizing reverse vaccinology bioinformatic tools to predict adhesin targets for vaccine construction, 17 employing DNA recombinant techniques for
in vivo
active and passive immunization or
in vitro
antibody-mediated therapy assays, and 1 paper exploring the impact of pyrogallol therapy on
A. baumannii
virulence mechanisms. Our review identified over 20 potential targets with significant findings. We screened and summarized these targets to aid in further exploration of therapies and prevention.
Structural characterization of pyruvic oxime dioxygenase, a key enzyme in heterotrophic nitrification
Authors: Tsujino Shuhei , Yamada Yusuke , Senda Miki , Nakamura Akihiko , Senda Toshiya , Fujiwara Taketomo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Nitrification by heterotrophic microorganisms is an important part of the nitrogen cycle in the environment. The enzyme responsible for the core function of heterotrophic nitrification is pyruvic oxime dioxygenase (POD). POD is a non-heme, Fe(II)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the dioxygenation of pyruvic oxime to produce pyruvate and nitrite. To analyze the catalytic mechanism of POD, the crystal structure of POD from
Alcaligenes faecalis
(AfPOD) was determined at 1.76 Å resolution. The enzyme is a homotetramer, and the subunit structure is homologous to those of class II aldolases, in particular, a zinc-dependent L-fuculose-1-phosphate aldolase. The active site of the subunit is located at the bottom of a cleft formed with an adjacent subunit. The iron ion at the active site is coordinated by three histidines and three water molecules in an octahedral geometry. The putative oxygen tunnel was connected between the active site and the central cavity of the tetramer. The N-terminal region of AfPOD, which is essential for catalytic activity, is disordered in the crystal. Structure prediction with AlphaFold2 combined with mutational experiments suggested that the disordered N-terminal region adopts an α-helix conformation and participates in the formation of the active site. The catalytic mechanism of the dioxygenase reaction by POD is discussed on the basis of the molecular docking model.

IMPORTANCE
Our knowledge of nitrification has increased considerably in recent decades with the discovery of new nitrifying microorganisms and the characterization of their biochemical processes. Some heterotrophic bacteria and fungi are known to show nitrification activities, but the molecular mechanisms have been poorly understood. Here, we performed a structural characterization of pyruvic oxime dioxygenase (POD), a key enzyme in heterotrophic nitrification that produces nitrite from ammonia using pyruvic oxime as an intermediate. Structural and enzymatic analyses revealed that POD is a unique dioxygenase with features such as an aldolase backbone, an N-terminal α-helix, and an oxygen tunnel. Our results provide insights not only into the molecular mechanisms but also into the design of specific inhibitors of heterotrophic nitrification.
Transmission of unfolded protein response—a regulator of disease progression, severity, and spread in virus infections
Authors: Prasad Vibhu 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a cell-autonomous stress response aimed at restoring homeostasis due to the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Viruses often hijack the host cell machinery, leading to an accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER. The cell-autonomous UPR is the immediate response of an infected cell to this stress, aiming to restore normal function by halting protein translation, degrading misfolded proteins, and activating signaling pathways that increase the production of molecular chaperones. The cell-non-autonomous UPR involves the spreading of UPR signals from initially stressed cells to neighboring unstressed cells that lack the stressor. Though viruses are known modulators of cell-autonomous UPR, recent advancements have highlighted that cell-non-autonomous UPR plays a critical role in elucidating how local infections cause systemic effects, thereby contributing to disease symptoms and progression. Additionally, by utilizing cell-non-autonomous UPR, viruses have devised novel strategies to establish a pro-viral state, promoting virus spread. This review discusses examples that have broadened the understanding of the role of UPR in virus infections and disease progression by looking beyond cell-autonomous to non-autonomous processes and mechanistic details of the inducers, spreaders, and receivers of UPR signals.
Complete genome of a fluorescent
Pseudomonas
sp. isolated from a PFAS groundwater treatment site
Authors: Baker Isabel R. , Colston Sophie M. , Hervey Judson , Eddie Brian J. , Bird Lina J. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas
sp. CBR-F is a bacterial species isolated from a water treatment plant targeting for per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances, a difficult-to-degrade family of anthropogenic compounds. Here, we report a complete genome for
Pseudomonas
sp. CBR-F, sequenced with Oxford Nanopore Technology. The genome consists of one 6.91 Mbp chromosome.
Two coding-complete genomes of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 (PRRSV-2) from field clinical samples in the Philippines
Authors: Montecillo Andrew , Ferrer Jimwel Bryan Christopher , Baybay Zyne , Balmes Ruffa Maze , Falconite-Cudal Roselle , Alba Mary Grace , Fabros Karl Alexander , Dela Paz Timothy James , Villegas Lucille C. , Cariaso Wreahlen , Pantua Homer 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

We report two coding-complete genome sequences of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 from field clinical samples obtained in 2021 (BA2021012A) and 2023 (ME20230008B-2) from the Philippines. BA2021012A (15,388 bp) is classified as a lineage L8C strain while ME20230008B-2 (15,513 bp) is a vaccine-like strain in lineage L7.
Cooling perspectives on the risk of pathogenic viruses from thawing permafrost
Authors: Mackelprang Rachel , Barbato Robyn A. , Ramey Andrew M. , Schütte Ursel M. E. , Waldrop Mark P. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Climate change is inducing wide-scale permafrost thaw in the Arctic and subarctic, triggering concerns that long-dormant pathogens could reemerge from the thawing ground and initiate epidemics or pandemics. Viruses, as opposed to bacterial pathogens, garner particular interest because outbreaks cannot be controlled with antibiotics, though the effects can be mitigated by vaccines and newer antiviral drugs. To evaluate the potential hazards posed by viral pathogens emerging from thawing permafrost, we review information from a diverse range of disciplines. This includes efforts to recover infectious virus from human remains, studies on disease occurrence in polar animal populations, investigations into viral persistence and infectivity in permafrost, and assessments of human exposure to the enormous viral diversity present in the environment. Based on currently available knowledge, we conclude that the risk posed by viruses from thawing permafrost is no greater than viruses in other environments such as temperate soils and aquatic systems.
Targeted sequencing of
Enterobacterales
bacteria using CRISPR-Cas9 enrichment and Oxford Nanopore Technologies
Authors: Cottingham Hugh , Judd Louise M. , Wisniewski Jessica A. , Wick Ryan R. , Stanton Thomas D. , Vezina Ben , Macesic Nenad , Peleg Anton Y. , Okeke Iruka N. , Holt Kathryn E. , Hawkey Jane 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Sequencing DNA directly from patient samples enables faster pathogen characterization compared to traditional culture-based approaches, but often yields insufficient sequence data for effective downstream analysis. CRISPR-Cas9 enrichment is designed to improve the yield of low abundance sequences but has not been thoroughly explored with Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) for use in clinical bacterial epidemiology. We designed CRISPR-Cas9 guide RNAs to enrich the human pathogen
Klebsiella pneumoniae
, by targeting multi-locus sequence type (MLST) and transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, as well as common antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and the resistance-associated integron gene
intI1
. We validated enrichment performance in 20
K
.
pneumoniae
isolates, finding that guides generated successful enrichment across all conserved sites except for one AMR gene in two isolates. Enrichment of MLST genes led to a correct allele call in all seven loci for 8 out of 10 isolates that had depth of 30× or more in these regions. We then compared enriched and unenriched sequencing of three human fecal samples spiked with
K. pneumoniae
at varying abundance. Enriched sequencing generated 56× and 11.3× the number of AMR and MLST reads, respectively, compared to unenriched sequencing, and required approximately one-third of the computational storage space. Targeting the
intI1
gene often led to detection of 10–20 proximal resistance genes due to the long reads produced by ONT sequencing. We demonstrated that CRISPR-Cas9 enrichment combined with ONT sequencing enabled improved genomic characterization outcomes over unenriched sequencing of patient samples. This method could be used to inform infection control strategies by identifying patients colonized with high-risk strains.

IMPORTANCE

Understanding bacteria in complex samples can be challenging due to their low abundance, which often results in insufficient data for analysis. To improve the detection of harmful bacteria, we implemented a technique aimed at increasing the amount of data from target pathogens when combined with modern DNA sequencing technologies. Our technique uses CRISPR-Cas9 to target specific gene sequences in the bacterial pathogen
Klebsiella pneumoniae
and improve recovery from human stool samples. We found our enrichment method to significantly outperform traditional methods, generating far more data originating from our target genes. Additionally, we developed new computational techniques to further enhance the analysis, providing a thorough method for characterizing pathogens from complex biological samples.
Optogenetic control of horizontally acquired genes prevent stuck fermentations in yeast
Authors: Figueroa David , Ruiz Diego , Tellini Nicolò , De Chiara Matteo , Kessi-Pérez Eduardo I. , Martínez Claudio , Liti Gianni , Querol Amparo , Guillamón José M. , Salinas Francisco 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Nitrogen limitations in the grape must be the main cause of stuck fermentations during the winemaking process. In
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
, a genetic segment known as region A, which harbors 12 protein-coding genes, was acquired horizontally from a phylogenetically distant yeast species. This region is mainly present in the genome of wine yeast strains, carrying genes that have been associated with nitrogen utilization. Despite the putative importance of region A in yeast fermentation, its contribution to the fermentative process is largely unknown. In this work, we used a wine yeast strain to evaluate the contribution of region A to the fermentation process. To do this, we first sequenced the genome of the wine yeast strain using long-read sequencing and determined that region A is present in a single copy. We then implemented an optogenetic system in this wine yeast strain to precisely regulate the expression of each gene, generating a collection of 12 strains that allow for light-activated gene expression. To evaluate the role of these genes during fermentation, we assayed this collection using microculture and fermentation experiments in synthetic must with varying amounts of nitrogen concentration. Our results show that changes in gene expression for genes within this region can impact growth parameters and fermentation rate. We additionally found that the expression of various genes in region A is necessary to complete the fermentation process and prevent stuck fermentations under low nitrogen conditions. Altogether, our optogenetics-based approach demonstrates the importance of region A in completing fermentation under nitrogen-limited conditions.

IMPORTANCE
Stuck fermentations due to limited nitrogen availability in grape must represent one of the main problems in the winemaking industry. Nitrogen limitation in grape must reduces yeast biomass and fermentation rate, resulting in incomplete fermentations with high levels of residual sugar, undesired by-products, and microbiological instability. Here, we used an optogenetic approach to demonstrate that expression of genes within region A is necessary to complete fermentations under low nitrogen availability. Overall, our results suggest that region A is a genetic signature for adaptation to low nitrogen conditions.