bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen supply alleviates seed yield reduction by improving the morphology and carbon metabolism of pod walls in shaded rapeseed
Authors: Kuai Jie , Nie Xiaoyu , Lou Hongxiang , Li Zhen , Xie Xiongze , Sun Yingying , Xu Zhenghua , Wang Jing , Wang Bo , Zhou Guangsheng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractShading significantly affects rapeseed yield, while reasonable nitrogen (N) application has efficiency gains. However, the functions and mechanisms of N are not fully established for shaded rapeseed plants. Therefore, we conducted a 2‐year field experiment to study the effect of N on pod wall morphology and carbon metabolism of shaded rapeseed. Two varieties, three N rates (120 [N1], 240 [N2], and 360 [N3] kg hm−2) and two light intensities (100 and 70% light transmission) from 10 to 35 days after the end of flowering were set as experimental parameters. Shading decreased the pod wall chlorophyll content, ribulose 1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) activity and glucose content at 25 and 35 days after flowering (DAF). Decreased sucrose synthase (SuSy) and sucrose phosphate synthase activity caused by shading reduced sucrose and fructose content. They are responsible for the decline in the 1000‐seed weight and a 22.1–37.6% decline in seed yield. More N under shading promoted pod elongation and pigment content, improved chloroplast ultrastructure, increased Rubisco and SuSy activity at 35 DAF, thus contributing to pod wall photosynthesis and fructose and glucose levels in shaded rapeseed plants. Similar trends were observed in pod number, pod weight, and seed weight, while the greatest increase in seed/wall ratio was observed under N2 for shaded rapeseed plants. The results indicated that N can reduce the yield difference between different light conditions and balance partitioning and conversion of photoassimilates in pod wall, but avoid applying an excessive amount of nitrogen.
Children with extended oligoarticular and polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis have alterations in B and T follicular cell subsets in peripheral blood and a cytokine profile sustaining B cell activation
Authors: Tomé Catarina , Oliveira-Ramos Filipa , Campanilho-Marques Raquel , Mourão Ana F. , Sousa Sandra , Marques Cláudia , Melo Ana T. , Teixeira Rui L. , Martins Ana P. , Moeda Sofia , Costa-Reis Patrícia , Torres Rita P. , Bandeira Matilde , Fonseca Helena , Gonçalves Miroslava , Santos Maria J. , Graca Luis , Fonseca João E. , Moura Rita A. 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesThe main goal of this study was to characterise the frequency and phenotype of B, T follicular helper (Tfh) and T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells in peripheral blood and the cytokine environment present in circulation in children with extended oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (extended oligo JIA) and polyarticular JIA (poly JIA) when compared with healthy controls, children with persistent oligoarticular JIA (persistent oligo JIA) and adult JIA patients.MethodsBlood samples were collected from 105 JIA patients (children and adults) and 50 age-matched healthy individuals. The frequency and phenotype of B, Tfh and Tfr cells were evaluated by flow cytometry. Serum levels of APRIL, BAFF, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-21, IL-22, IFN-γ, PD-1, PD-L1, sCD40L, CXCL13 and TNF were measured by multiplex bead-based immunoassay and/or ELISA in all groups included.ResultsThe frequency of B, Tfh and Tfr cells was similar between JIA patients and controls. Children with extended oligo JIA and poly JIA, but not persistent oligo JIA, had significantly lower frequencies of plasmablasts, regulatory T cells and higher levels of Th17-like Tfh cells in circulation when compared with controls. Furthermore, APRIL, BAFF, IL-6 and IL-17A serum levels were significantly higher in paediatric extended oligo JIA and poly JIA patients when compared with controls. These immunological alterations were not found in adult JIA patients in comparison to controls.ConclusionsOur results suggest a potential role and/or activation profile of B and Th17-like Tfh cells in the pathogenesis of extended oligo JIA and poly JIA, but not persistent oligo JIA.
Impact of different classes of immune-modulating treatments on B cell-related and T cell-related immune response before and after COVID-19 booster vaccination in patients with immune-mediated diseases and primary immunodeficiency: a cohort study
Authors: Koehm Michaela , Klippstein Maximilian , Dauth Stephanie , Hallmann Konstantin , Kohmer Niko , Burkhardt Harald , Ciesek Sandra , Geisslinger Gerd , Rabenau Holger F , Behrens Frank 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesTo evaluate the potential of immunosuppressed patients to mount B-cell and T-cell responses to COVID-19 booster vaccination (third vaccination).MethodsPatients with primary immunodeficiency (PID), immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) on CD20-depleting treatment with rituximab (RTX), or IMIDs treated with conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) or biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (bDMARDs) were included and assessed before (baseline visit (BL)) and 2, 4 and 8 weeks after COVID-19 booster vaccination. Serum B-cell responses were assessed by antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (anti-spike IgG antibody (S-AB)) and a surrogate virus neutralisation test (sVNT). T-cell responses were assessed by an interferon gamma release assay (IGRA).ResultsFifty patients with PID (n=6), treated with RTX therapy (n=13), or treated with csDMARDs/bDMARDs (n=31) were included. At BL, anti-S-AB titres in PID and csDMARD/bDMARD-treated patients were low (although significantly higher than RTX patients); measures of B-cell-mediated response increased significantly after booster vaccination. In the RTX cohort, low BL anti-S-AB and sVNT values did not improve after booster vaccination, but patients had significantly elevated IGRA responses post booster vaccination compared with the other groups. csDMARD/bDMARD-treated patients showed the highest BL values in all three assays with greater increases in all parameters after booster vaccination compared with patients with PID.ConclusionPatients with IMID on therapeutic B-cell depletion have low anti-S-AB and sVNT values before and after booster vaccination but show significantly higher levels of IGRA compared with other immunosuppressed patients, suggesting an underlying mechanism attempting to compensate compromised humoral immunity by upregulating T-cell responsiveness. PID appears to have a stronger impact on antiviral immune response than csDMARD/bDMARD treatment.
Should primary anastomosis be considered more? A retrospective analysis of anastomotic complications in young children
Authors: Eeftinck Schattenkerk Laurens D. , Musters Gijsbert D. , de Jonge Wouter J. , van Heurn L.W. (Ernest) , Derikx Joep PM 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveLittle is known about intestinal anastomotic leakage and stenosis in young children (≤3 years of age). The purpose of this study is to answer the following questions: (1) what is the incidence of anastomotic stenosis and leakage in infants? (2) which surgical diseases entail the highest incidence of anastomotic stenosis and leakage? (3) what are perioperative factors associated with anastomotic stenosis and leakage?MethodsPatients who underwent an intestinal anastomosis during primary abdominal surgery in our tertiary referral centre between 1998 and 2018 were retrospectively included. Both general incidence and incidence per disease of anastomotic complications were determined. Technical risk factors (location and type of anastomosis, mode of suturing, and suture resorption time) were evaluated by multivariate Cox regression for anastomotic stenosis. Gender and American Society of Anaesthesiology (ASA) score of ≥III were evaluated by χ2test for anastomotic leakage.ResultsIn total, 477 patients underwent an anastomosis. The most prominent diseases are intestinal atresia (30%), Hirschsprung’s disease (29%), and necrotizing enterocolitis (14%). Anastomotic stenosis developed in 7% (34/468) of the patients with highest occurrence in necrotizing enterocolitis (14%, 9/65). Colonic anastomosis was associated with an increased risk of anastomotic stenosis (hazard ratio (HR) =3.6, 95% CI 1.8 to 7.5). No technical features (type of anastomosis, suture resorption time and mode of suturing) were significantly associated with stenosis development. Anastomotic leakage developed in 5% (22/477) of the patients, with the highest occurrence in patients with intestinal atresia (6%, 9/143). An ASA score of ≥III (p=0.03) and male gender (p=0.03) were significantly associated with anastomotic leakage.ConclusionsBoth anastomotic stenosis and leakage are major surgical complications. Identifying more patient specific factors can result in better treatment selection, which should not solely be based on the type of disease.
Asynchronous Modal FRP
Authors: Bahr Patrick , Møgelberg Rasmus Ejlers 
Published: August 2023

Over the past decade, a number of languages for functional reactive
programming (FRP) have been suggested, which use modal types to
ensure properties like causality, productivity and lack of space
leaks. So far, almost all of these languages have included a modal
operator for delay on a global clock. For some applications,
however, a global clock is unnatural and leads to leaky
abstractions as well as inefficient implementations. While modal
languages without a global clock have been proposed, no operational
properties have been proved about them, yet.
This paper proposes Async RaTT, a new modal language for
asynchronous FRP, equipped with an operational semantics mapping
complete programs to machines that take asynchronous input signals
and produce output signals. The main novelty of Async RaTT is a new
modality for asynchronous delay, allowing each output channel to be
associated at runtime with the set of input channels it depends on,
thus causing the machine to only compute new output when
necessary. We prove a series of operational properties including
causality, productivity and lack of space leaks. We also show that,
although the set of input channels associated with an output channel
can change during execution, upper bounds on these can be determined
statically by the type system.
Combinator-Based Fixpoint Algorithms for Big-Step Abstract Interpreters
Authors: Keidel Sven , Erdweg Sebastian , Hombücher Tobias 
Published: August 2023

Big-step abstract interpreters are an approach to build static analyzers based on big-step interpretation. While big-step interpretation provides a number of benefits for the definition of an analysis, it also requires particularly complicated fixpoint algorithms because the analysis definition is a recursive function whose termination is uncertain. This is in contrast to other analysis approaches, such as small-step reduction, abstract machines, or graph reachability, where the analysis essentially forms a finite transition system between widened analysis states.
We show how to systematically develop sophisticated fixpoint algorithms for big-step abstract interpreters and how to ensure their soundness. Our approach is based on small and reusable fixpoint combinators that can be composed to yield fixpoint algorithms. For example, these combinators describe the order in which the program is analyzed, how deep recursive functions are unfolded and loops unrolled, or they record auxiliary data such as a (context-sensitive) call graph. Importantly, each combinator can be developed separately, reused across analyses, and can be verified sound independently. Consequently, analysis developers can freely compose combinators to obtain sound fixpoint algorithms that work best for their use case. We provide a formal metatheory that guarantees a fixpoint algorithm is sound if its composed from sound combinators only. We experimentally validate our combinator-based approach by describing sophisticated fixpoint algorithms for analyses of Stratego, Scheme, and WebAssembly.
Circulating microRNAs and Cytokines as Prognostic Biomarkers for Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiac Injury and for Evaluating the Effectiveness of an Exercise Intervention
Authors: Jeyabal Prince , Bhagat Anchit , Wang Fei , Roth Michael , Livingston J. Andrew , Gilchrist Susan C. , Banchs Jose , Hildebrandt Michelle A.T. , Chandra Joya , Deswal Anita , Koutroumpakis Efstratios , Wang Jian , Daw Najat C. , Honey Theresa A. , Kleinerman Eugenie S. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
To define a set of biomarkers that can be used to identify patients at high risk of developing late doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiac morbidity with the goal of focused monitoring and early interventions.

Experimental Design:
Mice received phosphate buffered saline or DOX 2.5 mg/kg 2x/week for 2 weeks. Blood samples were obtained before and after therapy for quantification of miRNAs (6 and 24 hours), cytokines (24 hours), and troponin (24 hours, 4 and 6 weeks). Cardiac function was evaluated using echocardiography before and 24 hours after therapy. To assess the effectiveness of exercise intervention in preventing DOX-induced cardiotoxicity blood samples were collected from mice treated with DOX or DOX + exercise. Plasma samples from 13 DOX-treated patients with sarcoma were also evaluated before and 24 hours after therapy.

Results:
Elevations in plasma miRNA-1, miRNA-499 and IL1α, IL1β, and IL6 were seen in DOX-treated mice with decreased ejection fraction and fractional shortening 24 hours after DOX therapy. Troponin levels were not elevated until 4 weeks after therapy. In mice treated with exercise during DOX, there was no elevation in these biomarkers and no change in cardiac function. Elevations in these biomarkers were seen in 12 of 13 patients with sarcoma treated with DOX.

Conclusions:
These findings define a potential set of biomarkers to identify and predict patients at risk for developing acute and late cardiovascular diseases with the goal of focused monitoring and early intervention. Further studies are needed to confirm the predictive value of these biomarkers in late cardiotoxicity.
Individual differences in empathy in Danish university students: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Assing Hvidt Elisabeth , Wehberg Sonja , Andersen Christina Maar , Søndergaard Jens , Larrabee Sonderlund Anders 
Published: August 2023

Background: Empathy is widely recognized as a multi-dimensional construct, involving emotional and cognitive components. These may cause distinct experiences and behaviors that can be both beneficial and deleterious to individuals’ well-being and mental health. Aim: We wished to examine the association between emotional and cognitive empathy of Danish university students as measured by the multidimensional Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) and study major, sex, age, and parental status. Additionally, we aimed to gauge the validity of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy – Student version (JSE-S) as a measure of primarily cognitive empathy in the context of medical majors by comparing JSE-S scores with IRI cognitive scores. Methods: In our national, cross-sectional study, conducted in October 2020, we used survey data from students in their first, third, and final study year. All students from University of Southern Denmark were invited to fill out IRI, and all medical students at Denmark’s four medical educations were additionally invited to fill out the JSE-S. Associations were estimated by linear regression models. Results: Of 14,072 invited, 2,595 students completed the questionnaire. Health majors scored statistically significantly higher on cognitive empathy than students from other study majors. The JSE-S correlated significantly with the cognitive empathy subscales of the IRI. Furthermore, the effects found in relation to sex, age-, and parental status were significant. Conclusion: Our study results show that large differences in empathy exist between university students and study majors. Overall, our results highlight (1) the relevance of investigating empathy as a multidimensional versus a global construct in young adult populations (including university students) and (2) the importance of focusing on differences in empathy across different student characteristics.
An occupational therapy delirium pathway reduces hospital re-presentations in older adults with delirium: A before and after observational study
Authors: Harper Kristie J , McAuliffe Kelly , Williamson Melinda , Jacques Angela , Sainsbury Kathryn , Edwards Deborah 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: The hospital environment can exacerbate symptoms of delirium; as such there is a move to promote early supported discharge for patients with delirium. However, the occupational therapy role and impact of intervention is not well known. Our study evaluated an occupational therapy delirium pathway facilitating early assessment, intervention and supported discharge to home compared with hospital-based care. Method: A before and after, observational study design. Data was collected regarding hospital use, patient function (Functional Independence Measure/Functional Assessment Measure) and the carer experience (Preparedness for Caregiving Scale). Results: Ninety patients (43 control and 47 intervention group patients) were recruited with a mean patient age of 82.8 years (SD 7.6). There was a significant difference in hospital re-presentations ( n = 3 in the intervention group compared to n = 10 in the control group ( p = 0.026)). Hospital length of stay did not significantly differ between the groups ( p = 0.534). The mean score for the Preparedness for Caregiving Scale was 3.3 indicating that most carers felt ‘pretty well prepared’. However, patients continued to experience significant functional decline ( p = 0.006). Conclusion: An occupational therapy delirium pathway reduced hospital re-presentations and could be implemented in clinical practice to better support patients recovering from delirium as they transition from hospital to home.
Recovery and long-term outcome after neurosurgical closure of spinal CSF leaks in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension
Authors: Volz Florian , Fung Christian , Wolf Katharina , Lützen Niklas , Urbach Horst , Kraus Luisa Mona , Omer Mazin , Beck Jürgen , El Rahal Amir 
Published: August 2023

Introduction Spontaneous intracranial hypotension due to a spinal cerebrospinal fluid leak causes orthostatic headaches and impacts quality of life. Successful closure rates are often reported, whereas data on long-term outcome are still scarce. Methods Between April 2020 and December 2022 surgically treated patients completed the Headache Impact Test-6 prior to surgery and at 14 days, three months, six months, and 12 months postoperatively. In addition to the Headache Impact Test-6 score, we extracted data related to orthostatic symptoms. Results Eighty patients were included. Median Headache Impact Test-6 score preoperatively was 65 (IQR 61–69), indicating severe and disabling impact of headaches. At three months headache impact significantly improved to 49 (IQR 44–58) (p < 0.001) and remained stable up to 12 months (48, IQR 40–56), indicating little to no impact of headaches on quality of life. The need to lie down “always” or “very often” was reduced from 79% to 23% three months postoperatively (p < 0.001). Conclusions Surgical closure of spinal CSF leaks significantly improves the impact of headaches in the long term. At least three months should be expected for recovery. Despite permanent closure of the CSF-leak, a quarter of patients still have relevant long-term impairment, indicating the need for further research on its cause and possible treatment.
Sunn hemp hessian cloth reinforced thermoplastic composites: Effects of chemical treatment and gamma-ray irradiation
Authors: Shohrawardy Mohammed Hossan S , Mina Md Forhad , Alam AKM M , Khan Ruhul Amin 
Published: August 2023

Untreated and alkali-treated Sunn hemp hessian cloth-reinforced high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites were prepared by the compression molding method. The fabricated composites contained 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, and 65wt% fiber contents and were optimized. 55wt% fiber contents reinforced composites showed better mechanical properties. This composite was alkali treated and irradiated under gamma-ray at doses 2.5‒7.5 kGy at the rate of 6 kGy/h. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) result indicates that the crystallinity of the alkali-treated Sunn hemp-reinforced HDPE composites shows a higher value than those of untreated and irradiated composites. Better adhesion between fiber and matrix was observed from surface micrographs. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy reveals cross-linking between fiber and matrix. The water intake properties of irradiated composite show more hydrophobic nature than that of untreated and alkali-treated composites. The tensile strength of the gamma-ray irradiated composites are 20% and 33% greater than that of untreated and alkali-treated composites. Similar results are found for Young’s modulus. At a certain dose of 5 kGy, the irradiated composites show improved thermal, mechanical, and structural properties than untreated and alkali-treated composites.
Midwifery students’ experiences: Violations of dignity during childbirth
Authors: Haseli Arezoo , Khosravi Shahla , Hajimirzaie Saiedeh Sadat , Feli Rozhin , Rasoal Dara 
Published: August 2023

Background The principle of human dignity is woven into the ethical principles of the midwifery profession, noted as both an obligation and a human right. Research Objectives The aim of this study is to explore the experiences of midwifery students regarding threats to women's dignity during childbirth. Research Design This is a qualitative study with explorative design. Participants and Research Context: The research was carried out in 2022 at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, involving 32 midwifery students in individual interviews that lasted between 30 and 90 minutes. These participants aged 21 to 28 years, with an average age of 23.5 years, provided their perspectives on the matter. Results Four key themes described the threats to women’s dignity during childbirth: 1) professional incompetence, 2) abuse of power imbalance, 3) caring only for physical and not mental health, and 4) structural issues within the healthcare system. Professional incompetence was characterized by outdated practices and lack of adherence to evidence-based medicine. Abuse of power imbalance was demonstrated in instances where the authoritative position of healthcare providers was misused, thereby disrupting the respectful care that women are entitled to receive. The disproportionate emphasis on physical health over mental health was evidenced by the disregard for mothers' psychological well-being during childbirth. Lastly, systemic structural issues emerged as significant impediments, revealing the need for system-wide changes. Ethical considerations: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Research Deputy at Kermanshah University. Participation was voluntary and the confidentiality were maintained. Conclusion The findings underscore the role that unprofessional behavior, ethical lapses in medical practices, and systemic challenges play in undermining maternal dignity during childbirth. These threats necessitate urgent attention and must be adequately addressed in policy development and program implementation to safeguard the dignity of mothers during childbirth.