bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leading higher education into the fourth industrial revolution: an empirical investigation
Authors: Singaram Shwetha , Mayer Claude-Hélène , Oosthuizen Rudolf M. 
Published: August 2023

The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) rapidly advanced at the beginning of the 21st century. Leaders within organisations need to adjust their visions, plans, organisational structures, and management with regard to the demands, challenges and opportunities of this development. This is in particular the case in higher educational institutions (HEIs), which have to adjust to the rapid changes and new demands of skills of university graduates. Leaders in HEIs must therefore be aware of the related challenges and opportunities and might have to adjust the learning and teaching environment, the skills development of students, graduates, and faculty, as well as the technological requirements to create advanced skill sets. This article is based on a qualitative research study which was conducted at a university in South Africa. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were used to explore the views of higher-education leaders at the selected university. Data were analysed through thematic analysis. It was found that leaders in HEIs need to be aware of their leadership and preferences in times of transition toward a more technologised learning environment, as well as the needs, demands, challenges and opportunities of the new workplaces, and new skill sets needed in the 4IR. The researchers made some recommendations.“Education is the key that unlocks the golden door to freedom.”George Washington Carver.
The experience of buprenorphine implant in patients with opioid use disorder: a series of narrative interviews
Authors: Scurti Pietro , Nunzi Marco , Leonardi Claudio , Pierlorenzi Claudio , Marenzi Roberta , Lamartora Vincenzo 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundThis study used narrative medicine (NM) to assess the point of view of patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) and the impact that addiction and a new treatment approach via buprenorphine implant had on their daily lives as compared with previous oral Opioid Agonist Therapy (OAT).MethodsFive patients with OUD undergoing treatment with a buprenorphine subcutaneous implant participated voluntarily and provided their anonymity by self-describing, in response to questions prompted by the clinician, their experience with this innovative therapy. The narratives were analyzed according to standard NM methodology. Citations of patients' positive or negative experiences with traditional OAT and buprenorphine implant were classified according to five categories—patient's determination toward complete opioid abstinence, emotional impact, impact on life, smoothness of therapy, and therapy dependency—and quantified to obtain a picture of the overall therapy experience.ResultsThe analysis revealed the extent of the burden not only of addiction but also of the traditional OAT on patients' life, including relationships with family, job management, and free time. Conversely, the therapy with buprenorphine implant revealed a significant improvement in the quality of life of the patients, who also largely reported a positive emotional outcome during this therapy, as well as a solid determination to achieve complete recovery.ConclusionsThis study illustrates the complex problems of living with OUD and provides insights into the added value of an innovative buprenorphine implant therapy that, due to its administration route and prolonged duration, allows patients to take an additional step toward total opioid abstinence and complete recovery of daily life.
Offenders and non-offenders with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: the crime-preventive potential of sufficient embedment in the mental healthcare and support system
Authors: Machetanz Lena , Hofmann Andreas B. , Möhrke Jan , Kirchebner Johannes 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundSuffering from schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) has been well-established as a risk factor for offending. However, the majority of patients with an SSD do not show aggressive or criminal behavior. Yet, there is little research on clinical key features distinguishing offender from non-offender patients. Previous results point to poorer impulse control, higher levels of excitement, tension, and hostility, and worse overall cognitive functioning in offender populations. This study aimed to detect the most indicative distinguishing clinical features between forensic and general psychiatric patients with SSD based on the course of illness and the referenced hospitalization in order to facilitate a better understanding of the relationship between violent and non-violent offenses and SSD.MethodsOur study population consisted of forensic psychiatric patients (FPPs) with a diagnosis of F2x (ICD-10) or 295.x (ICD-9) and a control group of general psychiatric patients (GPPs) with the same diagnosis, totaling 740 patients. Patients were evaluated regarding their medical (and, if applicable, criminal) history and the referenced psychiatric hospitalization. Supervised machine learning (ML) was used to exploratively evaluate predictor variables and their interplay and rank them in accordance with their discriminative power.ResultsOut of 194 possible predictor variables, the following 6 turned out to have the highest influence on the model: olanzapine equivalent at discharge from the referenced hospitalization, a history of antipsychotic prescription, a history of antidepressant, benzodiazepine or mood stabilizer prescription, medication compliance, outpatient treatment(s) in the past, and the necessity of compulsory measures. Out of the seven algorithms applied, gradient boosting emerged as the most suitable, with an AUC of 0.86 and a balanced accuracy of 77.5%.DiscussionOur study aimed to identify the most influential illness-related predictors, distinguishing between FPP and GPP with SSD, thus shedding light on key differences between the two groups. To our knowledge, this is the first study to compare a homogenous sample of FPP and GPP with SSD regarding their symptom severity and course of illness using highly sophisticated statistical approaches with the possibility of evaluating the interplay of all factors at play.
Clinically derived 12-factor structure and confirmatory factor analysis of the neurodevelopmental parent report for outcome monitoring
Authors: Baumer Nicole T. , Pawlowski Katherine G. , Amaral Joseph L. , Zhang Bo , Sideridis Georgios , Levin April R. 
Published: August 2023

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social communication and social interaction impairments accompanied by restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. Co-occurring conditions may greatly impact overall functioning and intervention needs, and contribute to individual variability and etiologic subtypes. Clinical care of individuals with ASD requires gathering a breadth of information across multiple domains. The neurodevelopmental parent report for outcome monitoring (ND-PROM) was developed to assess symptoms across core features of ASD as well as frequent concerns and comorbidities. The current study expands upon the initially reported psychometric properties of the ND-PROM and evaluates a proposed a clinically derived 12-factor structure of the ND-PROM.Methods and proceduresThe ND-PROM was completed for 246 children with ASD ands tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and measurement invariance based on sex.Outcomes and resultsA 12-factor correlated structure was found (expressive language, receptive language, nonverbal communication, social emotional understanding, social interaction, independent play, adaptive/toileting skills, restrictive and repetitive behaviors and interests, sensory processes, challenging behaviors, impulse/ADHD, and mental health), which did not vary by sex.Conclusions and implicationsThe ND-PROM captures a range of distinct aspects of developmental and behavioral functioning in ASD that can be used to track independent functioning across domains.
Older adults’ perspectives towards optimizing lifestyle behaviors and strategies to support healthy brain ageing during COVID-19 restrictions
Authors: Siette Joyce , Dodds Laura , Brooks Cristy , Deckers Kay 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionIt is unknown how the impact of COVID-19 restrictions has affected brain healthy behaviors that contribute to dementia risk reduction in older adults. Our aim was to explore perspectives of older adults on lifestyle behaviors that support positive brain health and dementia risk reduction during and following COVID-19 restrictions.MethodsCommunity-dwelling older Australians (N = 159) during June to October 2021 (the second wave of COVID-19 restrictions) who had taken part in a pre-post dementia risk reduction intervention program were invited to discuss the impact of COVID-19 on their lifestyle behaviors. Semi-structured interviews explored individual’s adaptability to pandemic restrictions, intended behavior changes following restrictions easing, and feedback on the effectiveness of ongoing intervention programs for sustaining brain health. Thematic data analysis was performed using a deductive approach.ResultsParticipants had an average age of 73.1 years (SD = 5.6; range: 65–90), majority were female (74.7%), lived in a major city (82.2%) and mean 9.5 years (SD = 1.7) of education. Older adults’ views about lifestyle prevention strategies during the pandemic were both positive (e.g., more spare time and adaptive leisure activities) and negative (e.g., social isolation, lack of motivation, adverse emotions). Participants highlighted a continuous conscious effort to adapt certain brain healthy behaviors despite the persistence of adverse impacts of COVID-19 restrictions. Participants also expressed the intention and desire to revert to their previous lifestyle before the COVID-19 pandemic or a sense of the ‘new normal’.ConclusionThis formative research will inform future interventions targeting dementia risk reduction to consider the immediate and lasting effects of COVID-19 restrictions on older adult’s lifestyle behavior.
Characteristics and effectiveness of interventions to reduce cyberbullying: a systematic review
Authors: Henares-Montiel Jesús , Pastor-Moreno Guadalupe , Ramírez-Saiz Alberto , Rodríguez-Gómez Marina , Ruiz-Pérez Isabel 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundThis paper presents the results from a systematic review on the effectiveness of interventions to reduce Cyberbullying (CB) as a function of their outcomes and main characteristics; and an analysis of the level of completeness to which the characteristics of these interventions are described.MethodsSystematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, ERIC and Psycinfo databases on February 14, 2022. In addition, relevant publications were hand searched for relevant studies. We considered interventions that provided data on CB prevalence changes in populations between primary school and college age.ResultsIn total, 111 studies were retained for further screening from 3,477 results. Following rigorous screening, 43 reports including 46 studies and information from 36 different interventions were included in our systematic review. Results shows that most of the interventions measuring reductions in global CB, cyberperpetration/victimization, cybervictimization and cyberperpetration were effective or partially effective. While the interventions measuring reductions in cyber-bystanding were not effective. Multicomponent interventions showed higher effectiveness than single-component interventions. After completion of the TIDieR check-list, included interventions were considered to offer an insufficient level of detail for a number of the analyzed items in relation to “how well planned,” “intervention modifications” and “tailoring.”ConclusionGiven the aforementioned, it is critical to increase the number of studies and the quality of interventions targeting CB and the level of detail of its description in order to obtain more robust outcomes about how to reduce its prevalence and facilitate the replication of the effective interventions.Systematic review registrationhttps://archive.org/details/osf-registrations-wn5u4-v1, Identifer DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/WN5U4
Challenges and interpersonal dynamics during a two-person lunar analogue Arctic mission
Authors: Marques-Quinteiro Pedro , Käosaar Andres , Delben Paola Barros , Kjærgaard Anders , Leon Gloria R. 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: This case study was designed as an analog for aspects of NASA’s planned Artemis missions to the lunar surface. The specific aims were to examine emerged mission challenges and dyadic affective and process dynamics over the course of a three-month lunar habitat analog Arctic mission.Methods: Participants were two men who also had key roles in designing the habitat. Pre- and post- expedition interviews were conducted and daily satellite phone messages to mission control over the three-month mission were assessed. An integrated mixed methods approach was used to analyze challenges, group affect, and group processes, with the goal of furthering the understanding of coping and psychosocial work experiences in challenging conditions.Results: The findings indicated that different challenges took distinct temporal trajectories across mission phases; based on the relational themes, several challenges were identified, primarily physical challenges related to the experience of coping in an ICE environment, and psychosocial challenges associated with the preparation and execution of mission tasks. Physical challenges, positive tone, and action processes were the themes most connected to each other. To deal with these challenges, the team adapted by more frequently engaging in action and transition processes. The specific training for the mission the participants engaged in, and prior knowledge about each other enabled team members to deal with mission exigencies while maintaining a positive outlook.Discussion: Fostering strong positive relationships was an important mechanism to build resilience and effective performance while under ongoing, extreme conditions.
Porcine circovirus type 2 and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus alone or associated are frequent intralesional detected viruses in porcine respiratory disease complex cases in Northern Italy
Authors: D’Annunzio Giulia , Ostanello Fabio , Muscatello Luisa Vera , Orioles Massimo , Jacumin Niccolò , Tommasini Nicola , Leotti Giorgio , Luppi Andrea , Mandrioli Luciana , Sarli Giuseppe 
Published: August 2023

MethodsThis study aimed to examine the pathological impact of Porcine Circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) through histological and immunohistochemical analysis of 79 cases of Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex (PRDC) collected from 22 farms in Northern Italy. Lung tissue and several lymphoid organ samples were deployed to associate PCV2-positive stain with Circovirus-associated Diseases (PCVD).ResultsThe most common lung lesion observed was interstitial pneumonia, alone or combined with bronchopneumonia. By immunohistochemistry, 44 lungs (55.7%) tested positive for PCV2, 34 (43.0%) for PRRSV, 16 (20.3%) for both viruses and in 17 cases (21.5%) neither virus was detected. Twenty-eight out of 44 (63.6%) PCV2-positive cases had lymphoid depletion or granulomatous inflammation in at least one of the lymphoid tissues examined; thus, they were classified as PCV2 Systemic Diseases (PCV2-SD). In the remaining 16 out of 44 cases (36.4%), PCV2-positive lung lesions were associated with hyperplastic or normal lymphoid tissues, which showed PCV2-positive centrofollicular dendritic cells in at least one of the lymphoid tissues examined. Therefore, these cases were classified as PRDC/PCV2-positive. In the PCV2-positive animals, 42.9% of the PCV2-SD cases (12/28) showed immunohistochemistry (IHC) positivity for PRRSV in the lung tissue, while 25.0% of PRDC/PCV2-positive cases (4/16) showed double positivity for PCV2 and PRRSV.DiscussionIn light of the caseload presented in this study, characterized by the high proportion of PCV2-SD cases alongside the overall respiratory symptomatology, it is imperative to emphasize the crucial role of a comprehensive sampling protocol. This is critical to avoid underestimating the harm caused by PCV2 in farms, particularly with respect to the systemic form of the disease. PCV2 and PRRSV remain the primary infections associated with PRDC in Italy that can significantly impact farm health and co-infections in the field can worsen the pathology, thus the selection of appropriate preventive measures is critical.
La biografia de Melgary los aportes de Aurelio Miró Quesada
Authors: Mamani Macedo Porfîrio 
Published: August 2023

« Biographie de Melgar. Les apports d'Aurelio Miré Quesada ».
Dans la période de la Guerre d'Indépendance du Pérou, la personnalité de Mariano Melgar (1790-1814) est une figure légendaire : poète devenu aussi héros du combat pour l'émancipation du Pérou. Les histoires de la littérature et les livres d'histoire soulignent surtout l'image du jeune écrivain entièrement placé sous l'influence du Pérou colonial dans la ville d'Arequipa, d'un hispanisme traditionnel.
L'essayiste Aurelio Miró Quesada a su faire ressortir les aspects originaux de la personnalité littéraire et tout autant son engagement volontaire dans le soulèvement de 1813 à Arequipa, son rôle actif les armes à la main et son patriotisme héroïque lorsque, prisonnier des Espagnols, ayant refusé de renier son idéal de Liberté, il est fusillé. Miró Quesada voit en lui à la fois l'esprit cultivé de ce temps, l'expression du processus de transculturation au Pérou au début de l'histoire nationale et l'élan patriotique.
Spatial Patterns of Crime and Its Relationship with The Physical Environment: Chicago Case
Authors: KIRPIK Elif 
Published: August 2023

Although the environmental criminology, which relates crime to environmental factors and argues that the environment is not a passive determinant of the onset, continuation or termination of crime, has been on the agenda of urban studies, the relationships between elements of the physical environment and crime have not yet been sufficiently studied through exploratory spatial statistics. In the light of crime theories such as Broken Windows Theory, Crime Pattern Theory and Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design approach, this study aims to define and understand crime patterns by producing crime maps, visualizing spatial distributions, and testing the relationship between recurrent crimes in space and physical environmental elements.
With the field study carried out in Chicago, the spatial patterns and relationships between crime types and physical environment elements were analyzed using exploratory spatial statistical methods. All secondary data used in this research are open data and all analyses were carried out using Geographical Information Systems. Exploratory spatial data analyses using GIS are Average Nearest Neighbor, Optimized Hotspot Analysis, Spatial Autocorrelation (Global Moran's I) and Geographically Weighted Regression.
The analyses conducted in this study provided supporting evidence for theories of crime. The findings revealed that crimes tend to occur in close proximity to one another and cluster in specific neighborhoods and regions. This spatial concentration of crime supports the notion that criminals choose their locations intentionally or randomly. Furthermore, the study established a direct relationship between physical environmental elements and crime. Various physical factors such as inadequate street lighting, vacant and abandoned buildings, and sanitation code complaints were found to significantly contribute to the occurrence of crimes. These findings confirm the hypothesis that the deterioration of the physical environment can influence and contribute to increased criminal activity. Overall, the results of this study align with established theories of crime and provide empirical evidence for the significance of the physical environment in shaping criminal behavior.
EFEKTIFITAS DUPONT ANALYSIS UNTUK MENILAI PROFITABILITAS PERUSAHAAN ASURANSI JIWA NASIONAL
Authors: I Nyoman Winata  
Published: August 2023

This research aims to analyze the description of the financial condition of the DuPont analysis of national life insurance companies, and to analyze the impact of the financial condition of DuPont analysis on the performance of national life insurance companies. The data is taken from financial reports for 4 (four) years from 2016 - 2019, which have been published which are data before the Covid-19 pandemic, via the website of each company. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach on 10 (ten) national life insurance companies that have assets of more than IDR 1 trillion. The research samples are Return on Equity (ROE), Return on Assets (ROA), Total Assets Turn Over (TATO), Net Profit Margin (NPM), and Debt Ratio (DR). Meanwhile, data analysis was carried out by: tabulating data, performing calculations and grouping DuPont analysis, interpreting to determine the level of company profitability, and drawing conclusions on the results achieved. The results of the study show that the financial condition of national life insurance companies using DuPont analysis is generally less effective and efficient. The company has not utilized its resources fully, effectively and efficiently in terms of achieving maximum sales results, and the company still uses a lot of debt for its investment.
Keywords: Effectiveness, DuPont Analysis, and Profitability
Detection of Candida species isolated from immunocompromised patients in AL-Najaf province
Authors: Razzaq majjed Taif , Adel Mona , Al-Amer Ali 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT Study was carried out to examine phenotyping as a means of identifying of fungal species isolated by those who suffer from Thalassemia in the province of Al-Najaf and to assess function Inhibition of Some Antifungal Agents (Nystatin and Amphotericin B). Fifty samples, including oral swabs, were taken from the AL-Zahraa Teaching Hospitel in the AL Najaf province between October and November 2021, but only 14 showed good growth. All samples were cultured in the Microbiology Department of the Faculty of Medical Technologies at the Islamic college of Najaf, I plated them first on Sabouraud dextrose agar, and then on chromagar medium. to identify the species of Candida based on colony color. On chromagar medium, the results read as follows: C.albicans 10, C.parapsilosis 3, and C. tropicalis 1. Candida albicans' virulence factor production, including the formation of germ tubes, the formation of biofilms, and the production of phospholipase enzymes, was examined in this research. All virulence factors, such as germ tubes, biofilms, and the phospholipase enzyme, are produced by C. albicans, as evidenced by the culture findings.
This research used a disk diffusion technique to describe the effects of the antifungal drugs nystatin and amphotercin B on the yeast species Candida. Based on these results, Amphotercin B is preferable to Nystatin for treating Candida spp..