bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of PET/CT and VATS for detecting and treating internal mammary lymph node metastasis: a case series
Authors: Kawaguchi Shun , Tamura Nobuko , Suzuki Soichiro , Nishikawa Aya , Shibata Akio , Tanaka Kiyo , Kobayashi Yoko , Ogura Takuya , Sato Junichiro , Kinowaki Keiichi , Shiiba Masato , Ishihara Makiko , Fujimori Sakashi , Kawabata Hidetaka 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective
We occasionally observed internal mammary lymph node metastases of breast cancer in a clinical setting. However, unlike a standard treatment in axillary metastasis, surgical resection for internal mammary lymph node metastasis is not prevalent because of unclear safety and benefits. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic ability and clinical outcomes of positron emission tomography/computed tomography and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.

Methods
We retrospectively investigated 34 patients with breast cancer with abnormal 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in internal mammary lymph nodes, at a single centre, between January 2015 and June 2022 and identified 11 female patients (mean age ± SD, 51.5 ± 12.9 years) who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery resection. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography was used to determine the clinical stage. We reviewed the surgical pathology of eleven and two patients who underwent direct-view internal mammary lymph node resection to calculate the positive predictive value of positron emission tomography/computed tomography.

Results
Ipsilateral fluorodeoxyglucose accumulation was observed, with an average maximum standardized uptake value of 8.9 (range, 3.1–24.0). No perioperative complications occurred, and all patients who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery alone were discharged from the hospital on post-operative day 2 or 3. The estimated positive predictive value was 80%. All patients were alive, and seven of nine patients with metastasis were relapse-free, at a mean follow-up period of 17.9 months (range, 1–51). However, two patients had recurrence at 16 and 14 months after surgery for internal mammary lymph node relapse.

Conclusions
Radiotherapy is the standard treatment for suspected internal mammary lymph node metastasis detected using positron emission tomography/computed tomography; however, we could safely perform minimally invasive video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery resection, leading to a definite pathological diagnosis.
Effects of species, sex, and diet on thermal tolerance of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Chura Madeleine , Healy Kristen , Diaz Rodrigo , Kaller Michael 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Thermal tolerance greatly influences the geographic distribution, seasonality, and feeding habits of mosquitoes; this study aimed to examine the impacts of species, sex, and diet on thermal tolerance in mosquitoes. We found that Culex quinquefasciatus was inherently significantly more cold tolerant than Aedes aegypti, while Ae. aegypti had improved heat tolerance compared to Cx. quinquefasciatus. There were no differences in thermal tolerance between sexes within either species. We observed similar levels of cold tolerance between all diets tested, but observed decreased heat tolerance in mannitol-fed mosquitoes. Our results suggest that although dietary factors such as sugar alcohols and sugars may play a role in thermal tolerance in mosquitoes, there are likely physiological and genetic factors that can have a greater influence on the limits of thermal tolerance within a species.
Suggestions for modifications to the Female Sexual Function Index based on cognitive interviews with sexual and gender minority individuals and cisgender, heterosexual persons
Authors: Lynch Kathleen A , Austria Mia D , Le Tiffany , Walters Chasity Burrows , Vickers Andrew , Roche Kara Long , Atkinson Thomas M , Carlsson Sigrid V 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Patient-reported outcome measures for sexual health were often designed for research studies that included only heterosexual, partnered, and cisgender participants; as such, they may have limited applicability for clinical use among sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals or those without a partner.

Aim
We aimed to conduct cognitive interviews with SGM persons and heterosexual women to determine the readability, comprehension, and applicability of questionnaire items to assess sexual function among diverse sexual and gender identities.

Methods
We conducted 4 rounds of cognitive interviews with 52 participants (28 SGM; 24 cisgender, heterosexual) who provided feedback on the comprehension and wording of questionnaire items and response scales. We used items from the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and focused on establishing content validity of a modified measure. Participants made recommendations for changes to the questionnaire, which was iteratively revised between interview rounds. Two independent coders analyzed the transcripts using structural coding based on 5 predefined codes: satisfaction with item, specificity/language change needed, missing/suggested item, patient definitions of concepts, and confusion with item.

Outcomes
Content validity.

Results
After 3 rounds of cognitive interviews and revisions to the questionnaire, participants found the final version acceptable and understandable, thereby reaching thematic saturation and establishing content validity of the modified FSFI. Modifications included the following: replacing all instances of “sexual stimulation” and “intercourse” with “sexual activity (alone or with a partner),” broadening the definition of “vaginal penetration” beyond penile-vaginal penetration, and adding skip logic to include the option “no sexual activity.” Participants identified missing concepts important to their sexual health, such as use of an external lubricant.

Clinical Implications
The FSFI and similar questionnaires need to be adapted to broader clinical practice populations such that all persons’ experiences are accurately reflected and assessed, ensuring that sexual health needs can be met more inclusively.

Strength and Limitations
A strength of the study was using cognitive interviews engaging patient perspectives, which is considered the gold standard for establishing content validity. One limitation is that participants included predominantly White and highly educated women.

Conclusion
Feedback from interviews supports modifying FSFI items and further psychometric testing, and future studies should evaluate the measure among racially and educationally diverse groups.
Infall and outflow towards high-mass starless clump candidates
Authors: Pillai T G S , Urquhart J S , Leurini S , Zhang Q , Traficante A , Colombo D , Wang K , Gomez L , Wyrowski F 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
The evolutionary sequence for high-mass star formation starts with massive starless clumps that go on to form protostellar, young stellar objects and then compact H ii regions. While there are many examples of the three later stages, the very early stages have proved to be elusive. We follow-up a sample of 110 mid-infrared dark clumps selected from the ATLASGAL catalogue with the IRAM telescope in an effort to identify a robust sample of massive starless clumps. We have used the HCO+ and HNC (1-0) transitions to identify clumps associated with infall motion and the SiO (2-1) transition to identity outflow candidates. We have found blue asymmetric line profile in 65 per cent of the sample, and have measured the infall velocities and mass infall rates (0.6–36 × 10−3 M⊙ yr−1) for 33 of these clumps. We find a trend for the mass infall rate decreasing with an increase of bolometric luminosity to clump mass, i.e. star formation within the clumps evolves. Using the SiO 2-1 line, we have identified good outflow candidates. Combining the infall and outflow tracers reveals that 67 per cent of quiescent clumps are already undergoing gravitational collapse or are associated with star formation; these clumps provide us with our best opportunity to determine the initial conditions and study the earliest stages of massive star formation. Finally, we provide an overview of a systematic high-resolution ALMA study of quiescent clumps selected that allows us to develop a detailed understanding of earliest stages and their subsequent evolution.
The DEHVILS survey overview and initial data release: high-quality near-infrared Type Ia supernova light curves at low redshift
Authors: Peterson Erik R , Jones David O , Scolnic Daniel , Sánchez Bruno O , Do Aaron , Riess Adam G , Ward Sam M , Dwomoh Arianna , de Jaeger Thomas , Jha Saurabh W , Mandel Kaisey S , Pierel Justin D R , Popovic Brodie , Rose Benjamin M , Rubin David , Shappee Benjamin J , Thorp Stephen , Tonry John L , Tully R Brent , Vincenzi Maria 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
While the sample of optical Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) light curves (LCs) usable for cosmological parameter measurements surpasses 2000, the sample of published, cosmologically viable near-infrared (NIR) SN Ia LCs, which have been shown to be good ‘standard candles,’ is still ≲ 200. Here, we present high-quality NIR LCs for 83 SNe Ia ranging from 0.002 &lt; z &lt; 0.09 as a part of the Dark Energy, H0, and peculiar Velocities using Infrared Light from Supernovae (DEHVILS) survey. Observations are taken using UKIRT’s WFCAM, where the median depth of the images is 20.7, 20.1, and 19.3 mag (Vega) for Y, J, and H-bands, respectively. The median number of epochs per SN Ia is 18 for all three bands (Y,J, and H) combined and 6 for each band individually. We fit 47 SN Ia LCs that pass strict quality cuts using three LC models, SALT3, snoopy, and B ayeSN and find scatter on the Hubble diagram to be comparable to or better than scatter from optical-only fits in the literature. Fitting NIR-only LCs, we obtain standard deviations ranging from 0.128 to 0.135 mag. Additionally, we present a refined calibration method for transforming 2MASS magnitudes to WFCAM magnitudes using HST CALSPEC stars that results in a 0.03 mag shift in the WFCAM Y-band magnitudes.
Photometric variations from stellar activity as an age indicator for solar-twins
Authors: Ponte Geisa , Lorenzo-Oliveira Diego , Melendez Jorge , Yana Galarza Jhon , Valio Adriana 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Stellar ages are elusive to measure, albeit being very important for understanding stellar evolution. We investigate the impact of photospheric activity on 2-min cadence light curves from the TESS/NASA mission of a selected sample of 30 solar-twins with well-determined ages. The photometric variability, $\mathcal {A}_{ {{TESS}}}$, of the light curves due to rotational modulations by the presence of active regions was estimated and correlated with chromospheric activity (Ca ii H&K lines from an extensive High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) at the European Southern Observatory (ESO) HARPS/ESO activity time series) and ages. Moreover, these results were compared with the total solar irradiance amplitude behaviour during the solar magnetic cycles 23 and 24, validating our findings for solar-twins. Our results show the photometric amplitude to be strongly correlated to the average level of chromospheric activity for the star sample. Also, we found a good correlation of $\mathcal {A}_{ {{TESS}}}$ with stellar age (in Gyr) described by $\log t = +12.239-0.894 \log \mathcal {A}_{ {{TESS}}}$. In conclusion, stellar photometric variability $\mathcal {A}_{ {{TESS}}}$ may be used as a simple age diagnostic for solar-twins.
Full resolution deconvolution of complex Faraday spectra
Authors: Rudnick Lawrence , Cotton W D 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Polarized synchrotron emission from multiple Faraday depths can be separated by calculating the complex Fourier transform of the Stokes’ parameters as a function of the wavelength squared, known as Faraday Synthesis. As commonly implemented, the transform introduces an additional term $\lambda _0^2$, which broadens the real and imaginary spectra but not the amplitude spectrum. We use idealized tests to investigate whether additional information can be recovered with a clean process restoring beam set to the narrower width of the peak in the real ‘full’ resolution spectrum with $\lambda _0^2=0$. We find that the $\lambda _0^2$ choice makes no difference, except for the use of a smaller restoring beam. With this smaller beam, the accuracy and phase stability are unchanged for single Faraday components. However, using the smaller restoring beam for multiple Faraday components, we find (a) better discrimination of the components, (b) significant reductions in blending of structures in tomography images, and (c) reduction of spurious features in the Faraday spectra and tomography maps. We also discuss the limited accuracy of information on scales comparable to the width of the amplitude spectrum peak and note a clean-bias, reducing the recovered amplitudes. We present examples using MeerKAT L-band data. We also revisit the maximum width in Faraday depth, to which surveys are sensitive, and introduce the variable Wmax, the width for which the power drops by a factor of 2. We find that most surveys cannot resolve continuous Faraday distributions unless the narrower full restoring beam is used.
Constraining the thermal inertia of Mars utilizing machine learning techniques
Authors: Song Hongqing , Zhang Jie , Du Shuyi , Ni Dongdong , Liu Yang , Sun Yueqiang 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Machine learning techniques, showing high automation and efficiency in handling large amounts of observation data, have been applied to predict the thermal inertia of Mars from surface kinetic temperatures. We created a large data set from well-established thermal models. Using this data set, we trained random forest (RF) models using surface kinetic temperatures, time of day, and other five accessible parameters as inputs to the model. The model performances for different local times were analysed and the characteristics of derived thermal inertia in typical regions on Mars were discussed. It is found that it is feasible and reliable to predict the thermal inertia of Mars using the well-trained RF. The RF predictions reflect the thermal signatures of Mars and show good agreement with previous retrievals. When using the nighttime data to make predictions, the RF model shows the best performance compared with those at other times of day. We also classified thermal inertia into four units: low, intermediate, relatively large, and large thermal inertia, and the RF model works for all four units. The predictive ability of the RF is also demonstrated for five representative regions on Mars, where the RF predictions are in good agreement with the bolometric nighttime thermal inertia from the thermal emission spectrometer. More importantly, the RF model provides a rapid retrieval of thermal inertia and speeds up the thermal analysis in upcoming Mars exploration missions with substantial data.
Unveiling the nature of infrared bright, optically dark galaxies with early JWST data
Authors: Barrufet L , Oesch P A , Weibel A , Brammer G , Bezanson R , Bouwens R , Fudamoto Y , Gonzalez V , Gottumukkala R , Illingworth G , Heintz K E , Holden B , Labbe I , Magee D , Naidu R P , Nelson E , Stefanon M , Smit R , van Dokkum P , Weaver J R , Williams C C 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Over the last few years, both Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) and Spitzer observations have revealed a population of likely massive galaxies at z &gt; 3 that was too faint to be detected inHubble Space Telescope(HST) rest-frame ultraviolet imaging. However, due to the very limited photometry for individual galaxies, the true nature of these so-called HST-dark galaxies has remained elusive. Here, we present the first sample of such galaxies observed with very deep, high-resolution NIRCam imaging from the Early Release Science programme CEERS. 30 HST-dark sources are selected based on their red colours across 1.6–4.4 $\mu$m. Their physical properties are derived from 12-band multiwavelength photometry, including ancillary HST imaging. We find that these galaxies are generally heavily dust-obscured (AV ∼ 2 mag), massive (log (M/M⊙) ∼ 10), star-forming sources at z ∼ 2−8 with an observed surface density of ∼0.8 arcmin−2. This suggests that an important fraction of massive galaxies may have been missing from our cosmic census at z &gt; 3 all the way into the Epoch of Reionization. The HST-dark sources lie on the main sequence of galaxies and add an obscured star formation rate density of $\mathrm{3.2^{+1.8}_{-1.3} \times 10^{-3} \,{\rm M}_{\odot }\,yr^{-1}\,Mpc^{-3}}$ at z ∼ 7, showing likely presence of dust in the Epoch of Reionization. Our analysis shows the unique power of JWST to reveal this previously missing galaxy population and to provide a more complete census of galaxies at z = 2−8 based on rest-frame optical imaging.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Initiation of Menthol Tobacco Smoking and Subsequent Tobacco Use in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, Waves 1–4 (2013–2018)
Authors: Yan Xinyu , Salloum Ramzi G , Leong Man-Chong , Khalil Georges E , Lee Ji-Hyun , Lou Xiang-Yang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Certain subpopulations in the United States are highly vulnerable to tobacco initiation and addiction, and elimination of disparities among those groups is crucial to reducing the burden of tobacco use.

Aims and Methods
This study evaluated the racial and ethnic differences in smoking initiation of menthol flavored cigarettes and cigars among never-users, and in subsequent tobacco use among new users of menthol-flavored products, using longitudinal data from waves 1–4 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. The outcomes of interest were new use of menthol-flavored products, and subsequent past 30-day and past 12-month cigarette and cigar smoking, irrespective of flavors, after initiation.

Results
The percentages of new users of menthol-flavored cigarettes and cigars at waves 2–4 were disproportionately higher in non-Hispanic black and Hispanic than in non-Hispanic white people. Adjusting for age and sex, black people who first used any menthol cigars had higher risk of past 30-day use of the same cigar category at the subsequent wave (adjusted risk ratio, aRR 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11 to 1.96) and past 12 months (aRR 1.74; 95% CI 1.55 to 2.63) compared to non-Hispanic white smokers. Black people who first used menthol-flavored cigarettes had marginally higher risk of subsequent past 30-day cigarette use (aRR 1.44; 95% CI 0.99 to 2.10) compared with their non-Hispanic white counterparts.

Conclusions
This study shows that racial and ethnic differences exist in both initiation of menthol-flavored tobacco products and product-specific subsequent use after first using menthol-flavored products; black and Hispanic people have higher rates of initiation; black people also have higher rates of subsequent use.

Implications
Use of menthol flavors in tobacco products is confirmed to be a contributor to large disparities in tobacco use; black and Hispanic people are more likely to maintain smoking through use of mentholated products than non-Hispanic white people. The findings suggest educational and regulatory actions on menthol-flavored tobacco products including restricting the selective marketing to vulnerable communities and banning characterizing flavors in cigarettes and cigars may reduce tobacco-related disparities and inform the Food And Drug Administration’s evidence-based rulemaking process.
Rotating Lifshitz-like black holes in F(R) gravity
Authors: Jafarzade Kh , Rezaei E , Hendi S H 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
One of the alternative theories of gravitation with a possible UV completion of general relativity is Horava–Lifshitz gravity. Regarding a particular class of pure F(R) gravity in three dimensions, we obtain an analytical rotating Lifshitz-like black hole solution. We first investigate some geometrical properties of the obtained solution that reduces to a charged rotating Banados–Teitelboim–Zanelli black hole in a special limit. Then, we study the optical features of such a black hole, like the photon orbit and the energy emission rate, and discuss how electric charge, angular momentum, and exponents affect them. To have acceptable optical behavior, we should apply some constraints on the exponents. We continue our investigation by studying the thermodynamic behavior of solutions in the extended phase space and explore the validity of the first law of thermodynamics as well as local thermal stability using heat capacity. Evaluating the existence of van der Waals-like phase transition, we obtain critical quantities and show how they change under the variation of black hole parameters. Finally, we construct a holographic heat engine of such a black hole and obtain its efficiency in a cycle. Comparing the obtained results with the well-know Carnot heat engine efficiency, we examine the second law of thermodynamics.
DISTRIBUTION OF RADIONUCLIDES IN RIVER SEDIMENTS OF KATHMANDU VALLEY, NEPAL AND THE EVALUATION OF ASSOCIATED RADIATION HAZARD
Authors: Bhatta Ramchandra , Rijal Bipin , Acharya Ashish , Shah Deepak R , Karki Ram S , Shah Buddha R 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The natural radioactivity in our living environment is mainly due to radionuclides of 40K, 232Th and 238U. We studied the distribution of these radionuclides in the sediment of different rivers and streams throughout the Kathmandu valley. The activity concentrations were determined by using digiBase NaI(TI) gamma-ray spectrometer, and further they were used to calculate radiological hazard indices to estimate the risk associated with the use of these sediments. The average activity concentrations for 40K, 232Th and 238U were found to be 378.54 ± 109.06, 45.95 ± 18.47 and 26.90 ± 9.61 Bq per kg, respectively. The average concentrations and calculated hazard indices have been compared with the respective reported activity concentration in different countries. This study reveals that there is no radiological threat using these local sediments as building materials and for other purposes.
Girls’ Education at Scale
Authors: Evans David K , Mendez Acosta Amina , Yuan Fei 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Many educational interventions boost outcomes for girls in settings where girls face educational disadvantages, but which of those interventions are proven to function effectively at large scale? In contrast to earlier reviews, this review focuses on large-scale programs and policies—those that reach at least 10,000 students—and on final school outcomes such as completion and student learning rather than intermediate school outcomes such as enrollment and attendance. Programs and policies that have boosted school completion or learning at scale across multiple countries include school fee elimination, school meals, making schools more physically accessible, and improving the quality of pedagogy. Other interventions, such as providing better sanitation facilities or safe spaces for girls, show promising results but either have limited evidence across settings or focus on intermediate educational outcomes (such as enrollment) or post-educational outcomes (such as income earning) in their evaluations. These and other areas with limited or no evidence demonstrate many opportunities for education leaders, partners, and researchers to continue innovating and testing programs at scale. We discuss three considerations for incorporating evidence-based solutions into local education policies—constraints to girls’ education, potential solutions, and program costs—as well as lessons for scaling programs effectively.