bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aspiration pneumonia in enteral feeding: A review on risks and prevention
Authors: Elmahdi Alsiddig , Eisa Mohamed , Omer Endashaw 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEnteral feeding plays a critical role in the management of hospitalized patients, especially in intensive care units. In addition to delivering important nutrients, it also maintains the integrity of the gut and microbiota. Enteral feeding is also associated with complications and adverse events, some are related to access placement, metabolic and electrolytes disturbances, and aspiration pneumonia. In tube‐fed patients, aspiration pneumonia has a prevalence ranging from 4% to 95% with a mortality rate of 17%–62%. Our review has not showed any significant difference in the incidence of aspiration pneumonia between gastric and postpyloric feeding and, given the ease of gastric access, we therefore suggest using gastric feeding as an initial strategy for the delivery of nutrition unless postpyloric access is otherwise indicated for other clinical reasons.
Evaluation of a design for a three‐dimensional‐printed artificial bone structure
Authors: Alarifi Ibrahim M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this work, artificial bones composed of hydroxyapatite (HA)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polylactic acid (PLA) were prepared as a potential replacement for natural bone. The cylindrical specimens included an auxetic system with artificial osteons. HA/PAN and PLA were used to fabricate composite filaments by fused deposition modeling three‐dimensional (3D) printing, and the obtained filaments were applied to produce reentrant artificial bone materials. Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the scaffold morphology and functional groups. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy was used for elemental analysis. The compressive properties of the samples were studied to determine the optimal scaffolding prototype. Compressive tests were also performed to assess the behavior of the cellular structure from a mechanical perspective. Finally, ANOVA and residual plots were used to investigate the contributions of the design elements, predict the y‐coordination of the stress values, and evaluate the printing orientation. The results indicated that the auxetic cells influenced the bone macrostructure, which displayed different stiffness characteristics in one working direction. Polymeric solution biomaterials based on HA/PAN and PLA biopolymers have enormous potential as high‐performance liquid synthetic organic polymers for light‐supported extrusion‐based 3D printing. PLA/HA scaffoldings with outstanding medical conversion capability may be used as biomaterial composites for bone deficiency restoration.Highlights
Composite filaments for FDM 3D printing were used to manufacture reentrant artificial bone.
A replacement method was utilized to determine the porosity of the scaffolds.
Mechanically, this cellular structure was evaluated using compressive studies.
SEM was used to assess scaffold morphology, functional categories, and elements.
Create biodegradable constructions using as little material as possible.
Short term effects of intraarticular triamcinolone acetonide injection on serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle stimulating hormone levels in male veterans: A prospective pilot study
Authors: Tahmasbi Sohi Maryam , Cali Malia , Forster Jeri E. , Kiseljak‐Vassiliades Katja , Wierman Margaret E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite the common practice of intraarticular corticosteroid injections (ICSIs) for peripheral joint disease, little is known about their systemic effects on the hypothalamic–pituitary‐gonadal axis.ObjectiveTo assess the short‐term effects of ICSIs on serum testosterone (T), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels together with changes in Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) scores in a veteran population.DesignProspective pilot study.SettingOutpatient musculoskeletal clinic.ParticipantsThirty male veterans, median age 50 (range 30–69) years.InterventionsUltrasound‐guided glenohumeral joint injection using 3 mL of 1% lidocaine HCl and 1 mL of 40 mg triamcinolone acetonide (Kenalog).Outcome Measure(s)Serum T, FSH, and LH levels, Quantitative Androgen Deficiency in the Aging Male (qADAM), and SPADI questionnaires at baseline, 1, and 4 week(s) post procedure.ResultsAt 1 week post injection, serum T levels decreased by 56.8 ng/dL (95% confidence interval (CI): 91.8, 21.7, p = .002) compared with baseline. Between 1 and 4 weeks post injection, serum T levels increased by 63.9 ng/dL (95% CI: 26.5, 101.2, p = .001), recovering to near baseline levels. SPADI scores were reduced at 1 week (–18.3, 95% CI: –24.4, –12.1, p < .001) and 4 weeks (–14.5, 95% CI –21.1, –7.9, p < .001).ConclusionsA single ICSI can temporarily suppress the male gonadal axis. Future studies are needed to evaluate for long‐term effects of multiple injections at a single setting and/or higher corticosteroid doses on male reproductive axis function.
Bayesian heterogeneous degradation performance modeling with an unknown number of sub‐populations
Authors: Nguyen Hung , Sun Xuxue , Lu Qing , Zhang Qiong , Li Mingyang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSuccessful modeling of degradation data is of great importance for both accurate reliability assessment and effective maintenance decision‐making. Many of existing degradation performance modeling approaches either assume a homogeneous population of units or characterize a heterogeneous population with some restrictive assumptions, such as pre‐specifying the number of sub‐populations. This paper proposes a Bayesian heterogeneous degradation performance modeling framework to relax the conventional modeling assumptions. Specifically, a Bayesian non‐parametric model formulation and learning algorithm are proposed to characterize the historical degradation data of a heterogeneous population of units with an unknown number of homogeneous sub‐populations and allowing the joint model estimation and sub‐population number identification. Based on the off‐line population‐level model, an on‐line individual‐level degradation model with sequential model updating is further developed to improve remaining useful life prediction of individual units with sparse data. A real case study using the heterogeneous degradation data of deteriorating roads is provided to illustrate the proposed approach and demonstrate its validity.
Rapid onset of effect of benralizumab in a severe eosinophilic and allergic asthma patient with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Authors: Alaga Arvindran , Ashraff Khairil , Din Khan Nurul Hana 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThere is limited data on the use of benralizumab in patients with severe asthma, who have allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). We report the case of a 65‐year‐old woman with combined severe eosinophilic and allergic asthma, who presented with refractory respiratory symptoms, hypereosinophilia and high immunoglobulin E (IgE) level. The patient had consistently poor Asthma Control Test (ACT) scores, despite a maximum dose of inhalation therapy. Upon further investigations, she was diagnosed with concomitant ABPA. The patient was started on oral prednisolone and itraconazole, but her symptoms persisted. She was then started on subcutaneous omalizumab, but switched to benralizumab after developing a severe allergic reaction. The patient experienced rapid clinical improvements after the first dose of subcutaneous benralizumab. Benralizumab demonstrated a significant role in reducing the exacerbation rate and oral corticosteroid use in this patient, as well as improving lung function, asthma control, and quality of life measures.
Data‐driven set‐point tuning of model‐free adaptive control
Authors: Lin Na , Chi Ronghu , Liu Yang , Hou Zhongsheng , Huang Biao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractModel‐free adaptive control (MFAC) is an effective data‐driven control method to deal with nonlinear and nonaffine systems. In this article, a data‐driven set‐point tuning (DDST) approach is proposed for MFAC to enhance its control performance. The proposed data‐driven set‐point tuning based MFAC (DDST‐MFAC) system consists of two control loops. The inner control loop takes the MFAC as the feedback controller where a virtual reference error signal is adopted in the control input. The DDST in the outer loop is derived from an ideal nonlinear set‐point tuning (NST) law, which exists in theory, to meet the control target. To realize the theoretically existing NST, a dynamic linearization (DL) technique is introduced. Virtually, the ideal NST law is independent of any controlled system, regardless linear or nonlinear, having an exact model or not. Since the nonlinear system considered in this work does not have any model information available to the designers, the parameter estimation law of the DDST is designed by using the DL method to transfer the original nonlinear system into a linear data model (LDM) with a projection algorithm to estimate the unknown parameters in the LDM. The convergence of tracking error is proved for a regulation scenario. Simulation study is provided to verify the theoretical results.
Nonlinear All‐Optical Coherent Generation and Read‐Out of Valleys in Atomically Thin Semiconductors
Authors: Herrmann Paul , Klimmer Sebastian , Lettau Thomas , Monfared Mohammad , Staude Isabelle , Paradisanos Ioannis , Peschel Ulf , Soavi Giancarlo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWith conventional electronics reaching performance and size boundaries, all‐optical processes have emerged as ideal building blocks for high speed and low power consumption devices. A promising approach in this direction is provided by valleytronics in atomically thin semiconductors, where light‐matter interaction allows to write, store, and read binary information into the two energetically degenerate but non‐equivalent valleys. Here, nonlinear valleytronics in monolayer WSe2 is investigated and show that an individual ultrashort pulse with a photon energy tuned to half of the optical band‐gap can be used to simultaneously excite (by coherent optical Stark shift) and detect (by a rotation in the polarization of the emitted second harmonic) the valley population.
Alzheimer's disease: Potential pathogenesis and imaging findings
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zhang Chenpeng , Liu Jianjun , Shao Hongda 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease. The histopathological changes in AD include amyloid β‐protein (Aβ) deposition, tau tangles, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. Some of the pathological changes could be shown in vivo by positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers, which play a key role in diagnosing AD. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) can reflect and predict dysfunction. Aβ‐PET is sensitive for the diagnosis of early AD but cannot distinguish the severity of AD. Tau‐PET can compensate for the deficiency of Aβ‐PET. Tau tangles are positively correlated with the severity of AD and associated with cognitive impairment. Probes targeting neuroinflammation in AD have been developed, but further study is needed to validate their effectiveness. Conventional MRI performs high tissue contrast that can show structural changes and has been routinely applied in clinical practice, such as in the evaluation of cerebral atrophy. Advanced MRI sequences (such as diffusion tensor imaging, arterial spin labeling, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, blood oxygenation level dependent, and quantitative susceptibility mapping) can provide additional information beyond structure that includes brain microstructure, blood perfusion, metabolite concentration, brain activity, connections and networks between brain regions, iron deposition, etc. Integrated PET and MRI may improve the diagnostic efficiency of AD.
Precision medicine and the problem of structural injustice
Authors: Green Sara , Prainsack Barbara , Sabatello Maya 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMany countries currently invest in technologies and data infrastructures to foster precision medicine (PM), which is hoped to better tailor disease treatment and prevention to individual patients. But who can expect to benefit from PM? The answer depends not only on scientific developments but also on the willingness to address the problem of structural injustice. One important step is to confront the problem of underrepresentation of certain populations in PM cohorts via improved research inclusivity. Yet, we argue that the perspective needs to be broadened because the (in)equitable effects of PM are also strongly contingent on wider structural factors and prioritization of healthcare strategies and resources. When (and before) implementing PM, it is crucial to attend to how the organisation of healthcare systems influences who will benefit, as well as whether PM may present challenges for a solidaristic sharing of costs and risks. We discuss these issues through a comparative lens of healthcare models and PM-initiatives in the United States, Austria, and Denmark. The analysis draws attention to how PM hinges on—and simultaneously affects—access to healthcare services, public trust in data handling, and prioritization of healthcare resources. Finally, we provide suggestions for how to mitigate foreseeable negative effects.
Longwave infrared multispectral image sensor system using aluminum-germanium plasmonic filter arrays
Authors: Shaik Noor E. Karishma , Widdicombe Bryce , Sun Dechuan , John Sam E. , Ryu Dongryeol , Nirmalathas Ampalavanapillai , Unnithan Ranjith R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA multispectral camera records image data in various wavelengths across the electromagnetic spectrum to acquire additional information that a conventional camera fails to capture. With the advent of high-resolution image sensors and color filter technologies, multispectral imagers in the visible wavelengths have become popular with increasing commercial viability in the last decade. However, multispectral imaging in longwave infrared (LWIR, 8–14 μm) is still an emerging area due to the limited availability of optical materials, filter technologies, and high-resolution sensors. Images from LWIR multispectral cameras can capture emission spectra of objects to extract additional information that a human eye fails to capture and thus have important applications in precision agriculture, forestry, medicine, and object identification. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate an LWIR multispectral image sensor with three wavelength bands using optical elements made of an aluminum (Al)-based plasmonic filter array sandwiched in germanium (Ge). To realize the multispectral sensor, the filter arrays are then integrated into a three-dimensional (3D) printed wheel stacked on a low-resolution monochrome thermal sensor. Our prototype device is calibrated using a blackbody and its thermal output has been enhanced with computer vision methods. By applying a state-of-the-art deep learning method, we have also reconstructed multispectral images to a better spatial resolution. Scientifically, our work demonstrates a versatile spectral thermography technique for detecting target signatures in the LWIR range and other advanced spectral analyses.
Functionality of nutrition steering and technical committees and quality of child growth monitoring program in northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Belew Aysheshim Kassahun , Worku Netsanet , Gelaye Kassahun Alemu , Gonete Kedir Abdella , Hunegnaw Melkamu Tamir , Muhammad Esmeal Ali , Astael Tigist , Mitike Getnet , Lakew Ayenew Molla , Abebe Zegeye 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMalnutrition in Ethiopia is still a major public health problem. Effective growth monitoring activities are difficult to integrate with local circumstances and a national program and are also given less weight. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the functionality of the nutrition steering and technical committees on the quality of the growth monitoring program in the central Gondar zone of northwest Ethiopia. A mixed-methods study was employed among 51 committee members using purposive sampling and 8 months data. The participation rate and the proportion of faltering rates were computed. A data extraction sheet and an in-depth interview guide were prepared, respectively. The overall participation rate was 44.94% in Gondar Zuria and 50.62% in East Demiba districts, respectively. Similarly, the percentage of children faltering was significantly higher in Gondar Zuria district (2.85%) than in East Dembia district (0.48%). Neither the nutrition steering committee nor the technical committee were fully functional to support the program. In addition, a lack of materials, knowledge, and skills in data analysis and interpretation, as well as refresher training, are barriers to program implementation. The overall participation rate is very low in the study area. Program materials were not available, and the technical and steering committees are not fully functional. As a result, preparing working documents, assigning a specific task to strengthen the existing steering and technical committees, providing refresher training, and ensuring the availability of important program materials are very crucial.
Differences in Perceptions of Gun-Related Safety by Race and Gun Ownership in the United States
Authors: Ward Julie A. , Uzzi Mudia , Hudson Talib , Webster Daniel W. , Crifasi Cassandra K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMotivated by disparities in gun violence, sharp increases in gun ownership, and a changing gun policy landscape, we conducted a nationally representative survey of U.S. adults (n=2,778) in 2021 to compare safety-related views of white, Black, and Hispanic gun owners and non-owners. Black gun owners were most aware of homicide disparities and least expecting of personal safety improvements from gun ownership or more permissive gun carrying. Non-owner views differed. Health equity and policy opportunities are discussed.
Curbing the Epidemic of Community Firearm Violence after the Bruen Decision
Authors: Jay Jonathan , Allen Kalice 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Supreme Court’s decision in New York State Rifle & Pistol Association Inc. v. Bruen undermines the ability of cities and states to regulate firearms safety. Nonetheless, we remain hopeful that firearm violence can decline even after the Bruen decision. Several promising public health approaches have gained broader adoption in recent years. This essay examines the key drivers of community firearm violence and reviews promising strategies to reverse those conditions, including community violence intervention (CVI) programs and place-based and structural interventions.
Balancing the Roles of Clinicians and Police in Separating Firearms from People in a Dangerous Mental Health Crisis: Legal Rules, Policy Tools, and Ethical Considerations
Authors: Vitiello Evan , Roskam Kelly , Swanson Jeffrey 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn COVID’s immediate wake, the 2020 death toll from a different enemy of the public’s health — gun violence — ticked up by 15 percent in the United States from the previous year. Meanwhile, the U.S. Supreme Court issued an opinion in Caniglia v. Strom that will allow people who have recently threatened suicide — with a gun — to keep unsecured guns in their home unless police take time to obtain a search warrant to remove them.
Republicans, Democrats, & Doctors: The Lawmakers Who Wrote Sterilization Laws
Authors: Lombardo Paul A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDuring the 20th Century, thirty-two state legislatures passed laws that sanctioned coercive sexual sterilization as a solution to the purported detrimental increases in the population of “unfit” or “defective” citizens. While both scholarly and popular commentary has attempted to attribute these laws to political parties, or to broad or poorly defined ideological groups such as “progressives,” no one has identified the political allegiance of each legislator who introduced a successfully adopted sterilization law, and the governor who signed it. This article remedies that omission.
Devil in the Details: Physician Duties and Expanded Access
Authors: Lynch Holly Fernandez 
Published: May 2023

AbstractVermeulen et al. suggest a moral duty exists for physicians to inform patients of “relevant opportunities” for Expanded Access. Such a duty is likely both too broad, leading to important practical challenges, and too narrow, without further steps to promote patient access. However, physicians should be expected to be aware of the EA pathway, disclose it to eligible patients, and support the pursuit of EA options reasonably likely to help.
Advocating for Abolition in Health Law: A Theory and Praxis to Liberate Black Incarcerated Women
Authors: Baradi Hala 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe prison-industrial complex has historically operated as a mechanism for social control generally and as a tool to restrict women’s reproductive capacities specifically. Reproductive justice is a domain within the practice of health law. However, health law as currently practiced is ill-equipped to understand how the carceral state functions as a structural determinant of health or how legacies of oppression have facilitated the abridgment of incarcerated women’s reproductive capacities.
Ocean‐Ionosphere Disturbances Due To the 15 January 2022 Hunga‐Tonga Hunga‐Ha'apai Eruption
Authors: Ravanelli M. , Astafyeva E. , Munaibari E. , Rolland L. , Mikesell T. D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe investigate the oceanic and ionospheric response in New Caledonia‐New Zealand and Chile‐Argentina to the 15 January 2022 Hunga‐Tonga volcanic eruption. For the first time, we highlight a reversed response in the oceans and in the ionosphere in terms of the amplitudes. The sea‐surface fluctuations due to the passage of the atmospheric Lamb wave (i.e., air‐sea wave) were not remarkable while the related ionospheric perturbation was considerable. Reversely, the eruption‐induced tsunami (“regular” tsunami) caused major variations in sea‐surface heights (∼1 m near the volcano and ∼2 m along the Chilean coastline), whereas the associated ionospheric perturbation was quite small. The observed large‐amplitude ionospheric response due to Lamb waves propagation is difficult to explain, and the coupling between the Lamb wave and the ionosphere is not well‐understood yet. For the first time, we estimate the delay between the Lamb waves and their signatures in the ionosphere to be ∼12–20 min.
Improvement of the Segment‐Valve Model for Solving the Valve Isolation Problem and Evaluating the Reliability of Water Distribution Networks
Authors: Hu Zhen , Jiao Haiming , Guan Qingfeng , Zeng Wen , Yang Zhijiang , Zhou Yang , Xu Feng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe segment‐valve graph model is widely used in the reliable evaluation of water distribution networks (WDNs). However, as an undirected graph, a segment‐valve graph does not express the upstream‐downstream relationships between segments, which hinders finding valves that need to be closed when a pipe bursts and the water outage region. Therefore, in this paper, directed edges applied to a segment‐valve graph are introduced to demonstrate the downstream segments of critical segments, and an improved segment‐valve graph with flow directions is proposed. The improved model is used to solve the valve isolation problem and evaluate the reliability of WDNs. The results show that the improved model can determine that the valve needs to be closed more quickly when a pipe burst occurs. In addition, we improve the traditional classical indicators based on the segment‐valve graph model. The new indicators based on the improved model can reflect the actual impact and the disposal difficulty of pipe network accidents more accurately and clearly. The proposed method can play a critical role in accident processing and reliability analysis of WDNs.