bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SeTGAN: Semantic‐text guided face image generation
Authors: Wei Ran , Wang Pengjie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this article, we propose a method to jointly control face image generation through semantic segmentation maps and text. Existing semantic segmentation maps lack detailed face attributes such as beards, and it is difficult to explicitly represent the gender of the target person by virtue of the semantic maps. State‐of‐the‐art face image generation methods guided by semantic segmentation maps mostly solved this by introducing the original image for supervision, which cannot accurately control the detailed attributes of the target face. At the same time, the text‐guided image generation method perform poorly in controlling the front and side of the face pose. Therefore, we propose an idea that the semantic segmentation map controls the coarse content of the target image and the text controls the fine details of the target image. Through the well‐designed mapping network and content mixing mechanism, the model in this article flexibly draws on the advantages of the two modes, and can generate high‐resolution images that are diverse, high‐quality, and more faithful to the target in detail attributes than most of previous methods. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method in terms of accuracy and fidelity.
Tethered Ribosomes: Toward the Synthesis of Nonproteinogenic Polymers in Bacteria
Authors: Stan Andreea , Mayer Clemens 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe ribosome is the core element of the translational apparatus and displays unrivaled fidelity and efficiency in the synthesis of long polymers with defined sequences and diverse compositions. Repurposing ribosomes for the assembly of nonproteinogenic (bio)polymers is an enticing prospect with implications for fundamental science, bioengineering and synthetic biology alike. Here, we review tethered ribosomes, which feature inseparable large and small subunits that can be evolved for novel function without interfering with native translation. Following a tutorial summary of ribosome structure, function, and biogenesis, we introduce design and optimization strategies for the creation of orthogonal and tethered ribosomes. We also highlight studies, in which (rational) engineering efforts of these designer ribosomes enabled the evolution of new functions. Lastly, we discuss future prospects and challenges that remain for the ribosomal synthesis of tailor‐made (bio)polymers.
Identifying important questions for Cochrane systematic reviews in Eyes and Vision: Report of a priority setting exercise
Authors: Evans Jennifer R. , Gordon Iris , Azuara‐Blanco Augusto , Bowen Michael , Braithwaite Tasanee , Crosby‐Nwaobi Roxanne , Gichuhi Stephen , Hogg Ruth E. , Li Tianjing , Minogue Virginia , Parker Roses , Rowe Fiona J. , Shah Anupa , Virgili Gianni , Ramke Jacqueline , Lawrenson John G. ,   Cochrane Eyes and Vision Priority Setting Group Authorship
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionSystematic reviews are important to inform decision‐making for evidence‐based health care and patient choice. Deciding which reviews should be prioritized is a key issue for decision‐makers and researchers. Cochrane Eyes and Vision conducted a priority setting exercise for systematic reviews in eye health care.MethodsWe established a steering group including practitioners, patient organizations, and researchers. To identify potential systematic review questions, we searched global policy reports, research prioritization exercises, guidelines, systematic review databases, and the Cochrane Library (CENTRAL). We grouped questions into separate condition lists and conducted a two‐round online modified Delphi survey, including a ranking request. Participants in the survey were recruited through social media and the networks of the steering group.ResultsIn Round 1, 343 people ranked one or more of the condition lists. Participants were eye care practitioners (69%), researchers (37%), patients or carers (24%), research providers/funders (5%), or noneye health care practitioners (4%) and from all World Health Organization regions. Two hundred twenty‐six people expressed interest in completing Round 2 and 160 of these (71%) completed the Round 2 survey. Reviews on cataract and refractive error, reviews relevant to children, and reviews on rehabilitation were considered to have an important impact on the magnitude of disease and equity. Narrative comments emphasized the need for reviews on access to eye health care, particularly for underserved groups, including people with intellectual disabilities.ConclusionA global group of stakeholders prioritized questions on the effective and equitable delivery of services for eye health care. When considering the impact of systematic reviews in terms of reducing the burden of eye conditions, equity is clearly an important criterion to consider in priority‐setting exercises.
How does demand uncertainty from climate change exposure affect the firms' cost structures? Examining the real effects of climate change on the firms' operational decisions
Authors: Kim Natalie Kyung Won , Choi Sera , Jung Taejin , Park Sohee 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article explores how climate change exposure affects the firms' cost structures. We use Sautner et al.'s (2023) measure of firm‐level climate change exposure based on earnings conference calls of publicly‐listed U.S. companies from 2002 to 2020 to capture both the opportunities and threats brought about by climate change and understand the comprehensive impact of climate change on the firms' cost structure decisions. Prior literature has documented that firms strategically alter their cost structure when demand is uncertain and firms are concerned about unusually high or low demand realizations. We build on this prior literature and find that firms exposed to climate change adopt a more rigid cost structure with a higher proportion of fixed costs. Our findings suggest that firms perceive higher congestion costs from unusually high demand realizations caused by long‐term climate change. We find that the effect of climate change exposure on cost rigidity is more pronounced for firms with more positive demand expectations and firms in more competitive product markets. Lastly, we find that investors react positively to the rigid cost structure of firms exposed to climate change. Overall, this article sheds light on the real effects of climate change on the firms' operational decisions.
An ultra‐low power and energy‐efficient ternary Half‐Adder based on unary operators and two ternary 3:1 multiplexers in 32‐nm GNRFET technology
Authors: Abbasian Erfan , Orouji Maedeh , Taghipour Anvari Sana , Asadi Alireza , Mahmoodi Ehsan 
Published: May 2023

SummaryInternet‐of‐Things (IoTs)‐based embedded systems require energy‐efficient designs for long‐term operation. To achieve energy‐efficient designs, multiple‐valued logic (MVL) circuits and graphene nanoribbon field‐effect transistors (GNRFETs) are used instead of binary logic circuits and complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS), respectively. This paper presents a novel ultra‐low power and energy‐efficient ternary Half‐Adder (THA) circuit based on unary operators, two power supplies (dual‐VDD), VDD and VDD/2, and two ternary 3:1 multiplexers in 32 nm GNRFET technology. The superiority of the proposed design are improvements between 2.86% and 60% in transistor count, between 86.12% and 97.15% in power consumption, and between 58.14% and 98.39% in power‐delay‐product (PDP) compared to existing THA circuits. Moreover, the proposed THA circuit is also implemented with 32 nm carbon nanotube field‐effect transistors (CNTFETs). Simulation results indicate that the proposed GNRFET‐based THA circuit increases delay by 1.74 × and reduces power/PDP by 89.41%/81.63% compared to its CNTFET‐based counterpart.
Photolytic Decarbonylation of Oxalyl Diisothiocyanate in Solid Argon Matrices tosyn‐antiCarbonyl Diisothiocyanate and Its Isomerization
Authors: Pfeiffer Jonathan , Wagner J. Philipp , Tambornino Frank 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOxalyl diisothiocyanate, ((CO)NCS)2, has been studied in solid argon matrices at 4.2 K with the aid of infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The spectra show mainly signals attributed to the most stableanti‐anticonformer, which is corroborated by comparison to computed anharmonic fundamental IR transitions. Upon irradiation with 254 nm UV light, oxalyl diisothiocyanate eliminates carbon monoxide under formation of carbonyl diisothiocyanate, CO(NCS)2. This reaction is only slightly exothermic by 0.4 kcal mol−1at the DLPNO‐CCSD(T)/def2‐QZVPP//B3LYP‐D3/def2‐TZVPP level of theory. Remarkably, photolysis produces mostly the less stablesyn‐anticonformer of carbonyl diisothiocyanate. Subsequent annealing at 30 K for two minutes results in a structural relaxation to the 0.7 kcal mol−1more stablesyn‐synconformer confirming a low torsional barrier height between the isomers.
Investigating exhaust gas emissions of yachts: Example of Turgutreis D‐Marin
Authors: Danaci Mehmet , Yildirim Umut 
Published: May 2023

AbstractYachts emit harmful gases to human health and the environment into the atmosphere and marinas and surrounding vicinity are the most affected regions by these pollutants. This study applied a bottom‐up approach involving emission factors to make an anthropogenic emissions inventory of yachts and to offer solutions for reducing emissions by investigating the NMVOC, NOx, NH3, CO, and PM emissions from 2002 yacht movements between June 1 and August 31, 2019 at Turgutreis D‐Marin in Bodrum Turkey. These emissions are categorized based on yacht operation modes and types. Quarterly yachting emissions are estimated as 3099 tons for NMVOC, 0.003 tons for NH3, 14,526 tons for NOx, 1896 tons for PM, and 15,576 tons for CO.
Environmental Effects of Surfactant-Free Silver Nanoparticles on Enzyme Activities, Bacterial Diversity, and Soil Function
Authors: Wu Lingli , Ye Yixing , Cai Yunyu , Ma Yao , Fan Ting , Liang Changhao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The effects of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on the soil environment have attracted considerable research attention. Previous studies mainly focused on agent-coated Ag NPs, which inevitably introduce additional disturbance of chemical agents to the intrinsic property of Ag NPs. We investigated the environmental effects induced by pure surfactant-free Ag NPs (SF-Ag NPs), including soil enzyme activities (urease, sucrase, phosphatase, and β-glucosidase), bacterial community structure, and functional profile, over different exposure periods in the present study. The results indicated that these enzymes, especially urease and phosphatases, exhibit different responses to SF-Ag NPs and are more susceptible to SF-Ag NPs than other enzymes. Surfactant-free Ag NPs can also induce a decrease in bacterial diversity and a change of bacterial community structure. The abundance of SF-Ag NPs in Proteobacteria increased, but decreased in Acidobacteria after 14 days of exposure. Moreover, the abundance of genus Cupriavidus was significantly higher than those of the respective controls. By contrast, SF-Ag NP exposure for 30 days could attenuate these negative effects. The phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt) prediction revealed that SF-Ag NPs exert a negligible effect on bacterial function, thereby suggesting that functional redundancy is conduced to bacterial community tolerance to SF-Ag NPs. These findings will help us further understand the environmental toxicity of Ag NPs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1685–1695. © 2023 SETAC
Evaluation of the prognostic value of computed tomography‐derived body composition in patients undergoing endovascular aneurysm repair
Authors: Bradley Nicholas A. , Walter Amy , Dolan Ross , Wilson Alasdair , Siddiqui Tamim , Roxburgh Campbell S.D. , McMillan Donald C. , Guthrie Graeme J.K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundEndovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is the most common mode of repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) in the UK. EVAR ranges from standard infrarenal repair to complex fenestrated and branched EVAR (F/B‐EVAR). Sarcopenia is defined by lower muscle mass and function, which is associated with inferior perioperative outcomes. Computed tomography‐derived body composition analysis offers prognostic value in patients with cancer. Several authors have evaluated the role of body composition analysis in predicting outcomes in patients undergoing EVAR; however, the evidence base is limited by heterogeneous methodology.MethodsSix hundred seventy‐four consecutive patients (58 (8.6%) female, mean (SD) age 74.4 (6.8) years) undergoing EVAR and F/B‐EVAR at three large tertiary centres were retrospectively recruited. Subcutaneous and visceral fat indices (SFI and VFI), psoas and skeletal muscle indices, and skeletal muscle density were measured at the L3 vertebral level from pre‐operative computed tomographies. The maximally selected rank statistic technique was used to define optimal thresholds to predict mortality.ResultsThere were 191 deaths during the median follow‐up period of 60.0 months. Mean (95% CI) survival in the low SMI versus high SMI subgroups was 62.6 (58.5–66.7) versus 82.0 (78.7–85.3) months (P < 0.001). Mean (95% CI) survival in the low SFI versus high SFI subgroups was 56.4 (48.2–64.7) versus 77.1 (74.2–80.1) months (P < 0.001). One‐year mortality in the low SMI versus high SMI subgroups was 10% versus 3% (P < 0.001). Low SMI was associated with increased odds of one‐year mortality (OR 3.19, 95% CI 1.60–6.34, P < 0.001). Five‐year mortality in the low SMI versus high SMI subgroups was 55% versus 28% (P < 0.001). Low SMI was associated with increased odds of five‐year mortality (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.11–2.14, P < 0.01). On multivariate analysis of all patients, low SFI (HR 1.90, 95% CI 1.30–2.76, P < 0.001) and low SMI (HR 1.88, 95% CI 1.34–2.63, P < 0.001) were associated with poorer survival. On multivariate analysis of asymptomatic AAA patients, low SFI (HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.01–2.35, P < 0.05) and low SMI (HR 1.71, 95% CI 1.20–2.42, P < 0.01) were associated with poorer survival.ConclusionsLow SMI and SFI are associated with poorer long‐term survival following EVAR and F/B‐EVAR. The relationship between body composition and prognosis requires further evaluation, and external validation of the thresholds proposed in patients with AAA is required.
Iron‐catalyzed oxidative [3+2] cycloaddition‐aromatization cascade: Synthesis of pyrrolo‐[2,1‐a]isoquinolines
Authors: Hu Wen Jing , Liu Na na , Wusiman Abudureheman 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAn iron‐catalyzed approach was described for the synthesis of pyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines via oxidative [3+2] cycloaddition‐aromatization reaction using “aqueous tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (T‐HYDRO)” as an oxidant. The cascade reaction proceeds well with a broad substrate scope at room temperature in a short time and generates “desired products in moderate to high yields.”
Prenatal Diagnosis of Placenta Accreta Spectrum Disorders: Deep Learning Radiomics of Pelvic MRI
Authors: Peng Lulu , Yang Zehong , Liu Jue , Liu Yi , Huang Jianwei , Chen Junwei , Su Yun , Zhang Xiang , Song Ting 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundDiagnostic performance of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) by prenatal MRI is unsatisfactory. Deep learning radiomics (DLR) has the potential to quantify the MRI features of PAS.PurposeTo explore whether DLR from MRI can be used to identify pregnancies with PAS.Study TypeRetrospective.Population324 pregnant women (mean age, 33.3 years) suspected PAS (170 training and 72 validation from institution 1, 82 external validation from institution 2) with clinicopathologically proved PAS (206 PAS, 118 non‐PAS).Field Strength/Sequence3‐T, turbo spin‐echo T2‐weighted images.AssessmentThe DLR features were extracted using the MedicalNet. An MRI‐based DLR model incorporating DLR signature, clinical model (different clinical characteristics between PAS and non‐PAS groups), and MRI morphologic model (radiologists' binary assessment for the PAS diagnosis) was developed. These models were constructed in the training dataset and then validated in the validation datasets.Statistical TestsThe Student t‐test or Mann–Whitney U, χ2 or Fisher exact test, Kappa, dice similarity coefficient, intraclass correlation coefficients, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression, multivariate logistic regression, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, DeLong test, net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), calibration curve with Hosmer–Lemeshow test, decision curve analysis (DCA). P < 0.05 indicated a significant difference.ResultsThe MRI‐based DLR model had a higher area under the curve than the clinical model in three datasets (0.880 vs. 0.741, 0.861 vs. 0.772, 0.852 vs. 0.675, respectively) or MRI morphologic model in training and independent validation datasets (0.880 vs. 0.760, 0.861, vs. 0.781, respectively). The NRI and IDI were 0.123 and 0.104, respectively. The Hosmer–Lemeshow test had nonsignificant statistics (P = 0.296 to 0.590). The DCA offered a net benefit at any threshold probability.Data ConclusionAn MRI‐based DLR model may show better performance in diagnosing PAS than a clinical or MRI morphologic model.Level of Evidence3Technical Efficacy Stage2
Energy, attentional resources and work–family conflict over the meso‐term: Resource loss spirals revisited
Authors: Ford Michael T. , Wang Yi‐Ren , Matthews Russell A. , Wayne Julie Holliday 
Published: May 2023

AbstractResource‐based theories specify personal resources as a central cause and outcome of work–family conflict wherein low personal resource levels beget further resource losses, in part through increased work–family conflict. Yet, adaptation and trait theories suggest chronic factors drive stability in personal resources and work–family conflict, potentially making resource loss spirals unlikely for most workers. Despite being fundamental tenets of resource‐based theories of work–family conflict, the causal relationships among personal resources and work–family conflict over the meso‐term (i.e., several months) have been unclear in previous empirical research. We test theory by examining causal relationships over the meso‐term using a general cross‐lagged panel model (GCLM), which, unlike the cross‐lagged panel model used in prior research, accounts for chronic factors and tests the persistence of changes. We tested these effects by surveying school administrators (N = 1418) over four consecutive months. Despite finding some small reciprocal relationships, GCLM results provided no evidence for meso‐term loss spirals in which personal resource losses were followed by further losses, independent of or via work–family conflict. These findings challenge resource‐based theories of work–family conflict over the meso‐term and suggest the need to examine chronic factors and adaptation in work–family conflict research to understand meso‐term dynamics.
Colorectal cancer: Review of signaling pathways and associated therapeutic strategies
Authors: Leiphrakpam Premila D. , Rajappa Senthil J. , Krishnan Mridula , Batra Rishi , Murthy Shilpa S. , Are Chandrakanth 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTumor profiling and targeted therapy revolutionized the treatment strategies of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) in the last decade. The heterogeneity of CRC tumors plays a critical role in the development of treatment resistance, which underscores the need to understand the molecular mechanism involved in CRC to develop novel targeted therapeutic strategies. This review provides an overview of the signaling pathways driving CRC, the existing targeted agents, their limitations, and future trends.
Colorectal cancer in young adults
Authors: Kim Bradford J. , Hanna Mark H. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe incidence of colorectal cancer in young adults (CRCYAs) is increasing globally, and it is now the third leading cause of cancer death among young adults under 50 years old. The rising incidence is attributed to various emerging risk factors such as genetics, lifestyle factors, and microbiome profiles. Delayed diagnosis and more advanced disease presentation contribute to worse outcomes. A multidisciplinary approach to care is crucial to ensure comprehensive and personalized treatment plans for CRCYA.
Apremilast treatment of plaque psoriasis (PsO) after systemic therapy in Spanish clinical practice: Data from the APPROPRIATE study
Authors: de la Cueva Pablo , Armesto Susana , Montesinos Encarnacion , García Francisco Javier , Morales Ana Maria , Rivera‐Díaz Raquel , Hospital Mercedes , Mollet Jordi , Llamas‐Velasco Mar , Carrascosa Jose‐Manuel , García Mercedes , Vázquez Jimena , Puig Lluís 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite the proven efficacy and safety of apremilast to treat plaque psoriasis (PsO), data regarding its real‐world use and patient‐perceived benefits are limited.ObjectivesDescribe apremilast use, persistence and tolerability, and its patient‐perceived benefits and effectiveness in patients with PsO in Spanish clinical practice.MethodsObservational, prospective, multicenter study including patients with moderate‐to‐severe PsO initiating apremilast 3 months (±4 weeks) before enrolment, after at least one conventional systemic therapy and no biologics. Prospective data were collected 3 (at enrolment), 6 and 12 months (±4 weeks) after apremilast initiation. Primary outcome was a Patient Benefit Index (PBI) score ≥1 (minimum clinically relevant benefit) at 6 months.ResultsOf 153 patients enroled, 119 were included in the analysis; mean (standard deviation [SD]) age, 52.8 (15.2) years. At apremilast initiation, mean (SD) Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) were 8.3 (4.9) and 10.5 (6.8), respectively. Most patients (81%) had comorbidities; PsO manifestations included scalp (47% of patients), palmoplantar (26%), nails (24%) and genitals (11%). Over three‐quarters (86%) of patients were continuing apremilast at Month 6, with most (91%) achieving a PBI ≥ 1% and 43% achieving a PBI ≥ 3; two‐thirds (68%) were continuing apremilast at Month 12, with 91% and 42% achieving a PBI ≥ 1 and ≥3, respectively. Mean (SD) pruritus scores decreased from 54.5 (32.1) at apremilast initiation to 23.4 (27.0) at Month 12; 57%, 69% and 69% of patients achieved a DLQI 0‒1, PASI < 3 and BSA < 3, respectively. Adverse events were consistent with the known safety profile.ConclusionsPatients initiating apremilast after conventional systemic therapy in Spanish clinical practice had moderate PsO at bothersome/visible locations and impaired quality of life. Most patients remained on apremilast for 12 months, with improved patient‐reported outcomes and skin involvement, and almost all patients reported some clinical benefit. Apremilast was well tolerated without new safety signals.