bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and management of hyperkalemia in chronic kidney disease and heart failure patients in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)
Authors: AlSahow Ali , AbdulShafy Mohammad , Al‐Ghamdi Saeed , AlJoburi Harith , AlMogbel Osama , Al‐Rowaie Fadel , Attallah Nizar , Bader Feras , Hussein Hisham , Hassan Mohamed , Taha Khaldoun , Weir Matthew R. , Zannad Faiez 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHyperkalemia is a frequent complication in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or heart failure (HF) and associated with neuromuscular manifestations, changes in the electrocardiogram, and increased risk of mortality. While data on the prevalence and management of hyperkalemia in the gulf region are scarce, risk factors such as preference for potassium‐rich foods (e.g., dates and dried fruits/vegetables), periods of intense fasting (e.g., Ramadan), and diabetes (an ancestor of CKD and HF) are common. Therefore, a panel of nephrologists and cardiologists from countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) convened to collate and review available data on the prevalence, regional drivers, and current practice in the management of hyperkalemia in the region. Eventually, this review provides consensus recommendations on a balanced utilization of dietary and pharmacological options including new potassium binders for achieving and sustainably maintaining desirable serum potassium levels in countries of the GCC region. Alignment with regional habits and practice was a key aspect to facilitate the uptake of the recommendations into physicians’ practice and patients’ lives.
Neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio in Guillain‐Barré syndrome: A prognostic biomarker of severe disease and mechanical ventilation in Bangladesh
Authors: Jahan Israt , Ahmed Rasel , Ahmed Jigishu , Khurshid Sarah , Biswas Pritha Promita , Upama Ismat Jahan , Hamid Yameen , Papri Nowshin , Islam Zhahirul 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn addition to cellular and humoral immunity, inflammatory markers play an important role in the pathogenesis of Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) and are used to predict prognosis in many autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was to identify whether the neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet‐lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte‐lymphocyte ratio in the early stages of GBS have prognostic value for severe disease, mechanical ventilation (MV) and poor long‐term outcome. A prospective cohort study of 140 adult patients with GBS and 140 healthy controls (HC) was performed in Bangladesh during 2019–2022. Clinicodemographic characteristics of the patients were recorded, and hematological parameters were measured using an automated hematology analyzer. Median patient age was 35 (44–23) years; 71% were male; 88% were severely affected (GBS Disability Score> 3); 32% required MV. Patients had higher NLR than HC (P< .0001). Among patients, elevated NLR was associated with severe GBS and MV (P= .001 and <.0001, respectively) and moderately positively correlated with poor outcomes at 4 weeks (r = 0.423). Multiple logistic regression revealed NLR was an independent risk factor for severe GBS (OR = 5.2, 95% CI = 1.6–17.4) and MV (OR = 1.5 1.1–2.1). No significant association was observed between elevated NLR and the long‐term outcome of GBS. Receiver operating characteristic curves revealed NLR cut‐off values of ≥ 2.432 and ≥ 4.4423 predicted severe disease (sensitivity = 71%, specificity = 75%, AUC = 0.750, 95% CI = 0.651–0.849, P = .001) and MV (sensitivity = 65.9%, specificity = 81.7%, AUC = 0.804, 95% CI=0.724–0.884; P< .001). The NLR in the early stage of GBS may represent an independent prognostic factor of severe GBS and the requirement for MV.
Axolemmal nanoruptures arising from paranodal membrane injury induce secondary axon degeneration in murine Guillain‐Barré syndrome
Authors: Cunningham Madeleine E. , McGonigal Rhona , Barrie Jennifer A. , Campbell Clare I. , Yao Denggao , Willison Hugh J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe major determinant of poor outcome in Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) is axonal degeneration. Pathways leading to primary axonal injury in the motor axonal variant are well established, whereas mechanisms of secondary axonal injury in acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) are unknown. We recently developed an autoantibody‐and complement‐mediated model of murine AIDP, in which prominent injury to glial membranes at the node of Ranvier results in severe disruption to paranodal components. Acutely, axonal integrity was maintained, but over time secondary axonal degeneration occurred. Herein, we describe the differential mechanisms underlying acute glial membrane injury and secondary axonal injury in this model. Ex vivo nerve‐muscle explants were injured for either acute or extended periods with an autoantibody‐and complement‐mediated injury to glial paranodal membranes. This model was used to test several possible mechanisms of axon degeneration including calpain activation, and to monitor live axonal calcium signalling. Glial calpains induced acute disruption of paranodal membrane proteins in the absence of discernible axonal injury. Over time, we observed progressive axonal degeneration which was markedly attenuated by axon‐specific calpain inhibition. Injury was unaffected by all other tested methods of protection. Trans‐axolemmal diffusion of fluorescent proteins and live calcium imaging studies indirectly demonstrated the presence of nanoruptures in the axon membrane. This study outlines one mechanism by which secondary axonal degeneration arises in the AIDP variant of GBS where acute paranodal loop injury is prominent. The data also support the development of calpain inhibitors to attenuate both primary and secondary axonal degeneration in GBS.
Healthy financial habits in young adults: An exploratory study of the relationship between subjective financial literacy, engagement with finances, and financial decision‐making
Authors: Sinnewe Elisabeth , Nicholson Gavin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper provides insights into young adults' financial habits and decision‐making considerations as they enter the workforce. We use 28 semi‐structured interviews with Australian university graduates to explore how their motivation to engage with personal finances and their subjective financial literacy, i.e., self‐reported, support healthy financial habits. Our findings show that a young adult's social context and exposure to financial hardship rather than their financial confidence determine the health of their financial habits. We observed research participants in a romantic partnership as more focused on their future. This future focus motivates them to engage more with their finances and manifests as explicit goal setting, formal budgeting, or adherence to strict bucket systems. These insights might be useful for policymakers and educators: social context matters when designing financial health interventions, while financial education programs predominately should aim at demystifying complex long‐term financial decision‐making such as investments and retirement.
A meta‐synthesis on the older adults' perspective of advance care planning
Authors: Tang Jia Min Shvonn , Cher Bi Xia Bernadynn Bessandra , Lim Su‐Fee , Siah Chiew Jiat Rosalind 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimTo synthesise the evidence regarding older adults' perception of advance care planning in preparation for end‐of‐life care.BackgroundAdvance care planning involves continuous communication of end‐of‐life care goals involving an individual's medical treatment preferences. However, its uptake among older adults remains low.DesignThe meta‐synthesis was conducted according to the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative research (ENTREQ) guidelines and thematic synthesis was employed to synthesise the qualitative findings in an inductive manner.Data SourceA search was completed on six electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus), for publications from 1 January 2000 to 4 December 2021.Review MethodThe certainty of the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation and Confidence (GRADE‐CERQual) in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research. Two independent reviewers conducted this process, and disagreements were resolved through discussions.ResultsFourteen studies were analysed. Four major themes and eleven subthemes emerged from the thematic synthesis: (1) psychosocial preparedness, (2) medical preparedness, (3) psychological barriers towards advance care planning and (4) extrinsic barriers towards advance care planning.DiscussionThese themes consolidated older adults' views of advance care planning and how engagement in this planning affected their end‐of‐life preparedness.ConclusionThis review suggested psychological and extrinsic factors were barriers to the uptake of advance care planning and provided directions for future research to achieve a holistic understanding of the impact of advance care planning on end‐of‐life preparedness.Relevance to Clinical PracticeHealthcare professionals could maintain close communication with older adults and families periodically to evaluate their readiness to discuss advance care planning to improve their preparedness. Healthcare professionals could also provide psychological support during the discussion of clinical decision‐making to enhance readiness and confidence among older adults and their families.
Family members' experiences of COVID‐19 visiting restrictions in the intensive care unit—A qualitative study
Authors: Forsberg Tomas , Isaksson Maria , Schelin Caroline , Lyngå Patrik , Schandl Anna 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo describe how family members of critically ill patients experienced the COVID‐19 visiting restrictions in Sweden.BackgroundIn Sweden, the response to COVID‐19 was less invasive than in many other countries. However, some visiting restrictions were introduced for intensive care units, with local variations. Although there is a growing body of literature regarding healthcare professionals' and family caregivers' perspectives on visiting restriction policies, there may be inter‐country differences, which remain to be elucidated.DesignThis study has a qualitative descriptive design. Focus group interviews with 14 family members of patients treated for severe COVID‐19 infection were conducted. The interviews took place via digital meetings during the months after the patients' hospital discharge. Qualitative content analysis was used to interpret the interview transcripts. Reporting of the study followed the COREQ checklist.ResultsTwo categories—dealing with uncertainty and being involved at a distance—described family members' experiences of coping with visiting restrictions during the COVID‐19 pandemic. These restrictions were found to reduce family members' ability to cope with the situation. Communication via telephone or video calls to maintain contact was appreciated but could not replace the importance of personal contact.ConclusionsFamily members perceived that the visiting restriction routines in place during the COVID‐19 pandemic negatively influenced their ability to cope with the situation and to achieve realistic expectations of the patients' needs when they returned home.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThis study suggests that, during the COVID‐19 pandemic, the visiting restrictions were experienced negatively by family members and specific family‐centred care guidelines need to be developed for use during crises, including the possibility of regular family visits to the ICU.Patient and Public ContributionNone in the conceptualisation or design of the study.
Two lateral parametria in radical hysterectomy: History and outcome
Authors: Yabuki Yoshihiko 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimSome anatomic concepts for 20th century radical hysterectomy (RH) did not conform to progress in surgical technique. The purpose of this article was to put forward a new practical anatomy and application to surgical procedures.MethodsFollowing a historical review the author reexamined his surgical procedures from 1980 to 2005 on 131 patients with cervical cancer. One hundred and eight of these patients had undergone RH and 23 super RH plus neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 7 had RH combined with a total mesorectal excision because of infiltration into the lateral rectal ligament due to rectal cancer. Also reviewed were data on surgical procedures and anatomy following a series of mock RH on 26 donated female cadavers.ResultsIt was found that the cardinal ligament and transverse cervical ligament must be distinguished. The vesicohypogastric fascia, transverse cervical ligament, and lateral rectal ligament formed a continuum with their relationship to the organs being perpendicular. The surgical technique for an RH is total excision of the transverse cervical ligament, whereas the one for a semi‐RH is partial or total excision of the deep uterine vein. The paracolpium is the caudal extension of the cardinal ligament, not the medial extension of the superior fascia of pelvic diaphragm.ConclusionNew practical anatomy and surgical technique were established through recognition of morphology of the living body being transformed by surgical maneuvers.
T1/T2 ratio from 3T MRI improves multiple sclerosis cortical lesion contrast
Authors: Manning Abigail R. , Beck Erin S. , Schindler Matthew K. , Nair Govind , Clark Kelly A. , Parvathaneni Prasanna , Reich Daniel S. , Shinohara Russell T. , Solomon Andrew J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeCortical demyelinated lesions are prevalent in multiple sclerosis (MS), associated with disability, and have recently been incorporated into MS diagnostic criteria. Presently, advanced and ultrahigh‐field MRIs—not routinely available in clinical practice—are the most sensitive methods for detection of cortical lesions. Approaches utilizing MRI sequences obtainable in routine clinical practice remain an unmet need. We plan to assess the sensitivity of the ratio of T1‐weighted and T2‐weighted (T1/T2) signal intensity for focal cortical lesions in comparison to other high‐field imaging methods.Methods3‐Tesla and 7‐Tesla MRI collected from 10 adults with MS were included in the study. T1/T2 images were calculated by dividing 3T T1‐weighted (T1w) images by 3T T2‐weighted (T2w) fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery images for each participant. A total of 614 cortical lesions were identified using 7T T2*w and T1w images and corresponding voxels were assessed on registered 3T images. Signal intensities were compared across 3T imaging sequences, including T1/T2, T1w, T2w, and inversion recovery susceptibility‐weighted imaging with enhanced T2 weighting (IR‐SWIET) images.ResultsT1/T2 images demonstrated a larger contrast between median lesional and nonlesional cortical signal intensity (median ratio = 1.29, range: 1.19‐1.38) when compared to T1w (1.01, 0.97‐1.10, p < .002), T2w (1.17, 1.07‐1.26, p < .002), and IR‐SWIET (1.21, 1.01‐1.29, p < .03).ConclusionT1/T2 images are sensitive to cortical lesions. Approaches incorporating T1/T2 could improve the accessibility of cortical lesion detection in research settings and clinical practice.
Rhabdomyosarcoma of the oral cavity in children aged 0–2 years: A scoping review
Authors: Nunes Mariana Mota , da Costa Adriana Aparecida Silva , Tavares Thalita Soares , Aguiar Maria Cássia Ferreira , Martins Carolina Castro , Caldeira Patrícia Carlos 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to collect, synthesize, and analyze the clinic‐demographic data of rhabdomyosarcoma affecting the oral cavity of young children.MethodsThe clinical question was “What are the clinical characteristics of oral rhabdomyosarcoma in children aged zero to two years?” Two independent reviewers selected the studies, extracted data, and assessed the methodological quality through the Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist. Descriptive statistics were performed in SPSS. (protocol: osf.io/b9hvy).ResultsThirty case reports with 41 patients were included (22 males; mean age at diagnosis: 15 months). All studies had some methodological limitations, mainly due to the lack of clarity for a final judgment. More than 70% of the cases affected the tongue or lips. Tumors had a fast growth (mean 2.5 months), usually with red coloration, and variable shape and consistency. Embryonal (63.41%) and alveolar (29.27%) were the most common histological subtypes. Treatment was quite variable but usually included surgery. Most patients (53.66%) were alive without disease at follow‐up.ConclusionOral rhabdomyosarcoma is rare in children aged 0–2 years without a marked gender predilection. The tumor presents as a fast and infiltrative growth leading to local and/or systemic symptoms, and a favorable prognosis for most patients.
Racial and Religious Convergences and Divergences among Christian Students’ Approaches to Color‐Blindness, Color‐Cognizance, and Race in Christian Organizations
Authors: Chan Esther , Jeong Isaiah , Jeong Elijah 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDrawing on survey data of Christian students (N = 4261) enrolled at 11 colleges that are part of the Council for Christian Colleges and Universities, we examine color‐blindness, different types of color‐cognizance, and views on race in Christian organizations. We find significant differences between students of color and White students in color‐blindness and color‐cognizance but find racial convergence in the importance of racial reconciliation. Net of controls, greater evangelical orthodoxy is associated with color‐cognizant views that perceive prejudicial treatment against White people, undercut the experiences of people of color, and is associated with more positive views of Christian organizations’ roles in race relationships. Concurrently, upper year students differ significantly from first years in their racial attitudes and views on race in Christian organizations, suggesting that Christian education may shape racial views positively. Our findings have implications for theorizing how evangelical Christianity and evangelical colleges maintain and challenge color‐blindness and White supremacy.
Contribution of voriconazole N‐oxide plasma concentration measurements to voriconazole therapeutic drug monitoring in patients with invasive fungal infection
Authors: Boglione‐Kerrien Christelle , Morcet Jeff , Scailteux Lucie‐Marie , Bénézit François , Camus Christophe , Mear Jean‐Baptiste , Gangneux Jean‐Pierre , Bellissant Eric , Tron Camille , Verdier Marie‐Clémence , Lemaitre Florian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundVoriconazole (VRC), a widely used triazole antifungal, exhibits significant inter‐ and intra‐individual pharmacokinetic variability. The main metabolite voriconazole N‐oxide (NOX) can provide information on the patient's drug metabolism capacity.ObjectivesOur objectives were to implement routine measurement of NOX concentrations and to describe the metabolic ratio (MR), and the contribution of the MR to VRC therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) by proposing a suggested dosage‐adjustment algorithm.Patients and MethodsSixty‐one patients treated with VRC were prospectively included in the study, and VRC and NOX levels were assayed by LC–MS/MS. A mixed logistic model on repeated measures was implemented to analyse risk factors for the patient's concentration to be outside the therapeutic range.ResultsBased on 225 measurements, the median and interquartile range were 2.4 μg/ml (1.2; 4.2), 2.1 μg/ml (1.5; 3.0) and 1.0 (0.6; 1.9) for VRC, NOX and the MR, respectively. VRC Cmin <2 μg/ml were associated with a higher MR during the previous visit. MR values >1.15 and <0.48 were determined to be the best predictors for having a VRC Cmin lower than 2 μg/ml and above 5.5 μg/ml, respectively, at the next visit.ConclusionsMeasurement of NOX resulted useful for TDM of patients treated with VRC. The MR using NOX informed interpretation and clinical decision‐making and is very interesting for complex patients. VRC phenotyping based on the MR is now performed routinely in our institution. A dosing algorithm has been suggested from these results.
A major genetic locus in neighbours controls changes of gene expression and susceptibility in intraspecific rice mixtures
Authors: Pélissier Rémi , Ducasse Aurélie , Ballini Elsa , Frouin Julien , Violle Cyrille , Morel Jean‐Benoit 
Published: January 2023

Summary

Reports indicate that intraspecific neighbours alter the physiology of focal plants, and with a few exceptions, their molecular responses to neighbours are unknown. Recently, changes in susceptibility to pathogen resulting from such interactions were demonstrated, a phenomenon called neighbour‐modulated susceptibility (NMS). However, the genetics of NMS and the associated molecular responses are largely unexplored.

Here, we analysed in rice the modification of biomass and susceptibility to the blast fungus pathogen in the Kitaake focal genotype in the presence of 280 different neighbours. Using genome‐wide association studies, we identified the loci in the neighbour that determine the response in Kitaake. Using a targeted transcriptomic approach, we characterized the molecular responses in focal plants co‐cultivated with various neighbours inducing a reduction in susceptibility.

Our study demonstrates that NMS is controlled by one major locus in the rice genome of its neighbour. Furthermore, we show that this locus can be associated with characteristic patterns of gene expression in focal plant. Finally, we propose an hypothesis where Pi could play a role in explaining this case of NMS.

Our study sheds light on how plants affect the physiology in their neighbourhood and opens perspectives for understanding plant–plant interactions.
How to build a lichen: from metabolite release to symbiotic interplay
Authors: Pichler Gregor , Muggia Lucia , Carniel Fabio Candotto , Grube Martin , Kranner Ilse 
Published: January 2023

SummaryExposing their vegetative bodies to the light, lichens are outstanding amongst other fungal symbioses. Not requiring a pre‐established host, ‘lichenized fungi’ build an entirely new structure together with microbial photosynthetic partners that neither can form alone. The signals involved in the transition of a fungus and a compatible photosynthetic partner from a free‐living to a symbiotic state culminating in thallus formation, termed ‘lichenization’, and in the maintenance of the symbiosis, are poorly understood. Here, we synthesise the puzzle pieces of the scarce knowledge available into an updated concept of signalling involved in lichenization, comprising five main stages: (1) the ‘pre‐contact stage’, (2) the ‘contact stage’, (3) ‘envelopment’ of algal cells by the fungus, (4) their ‘incorporation’ into a pre‐thallus and (5) ‘differentiation’ into a complex thallus. Considering the involvement of extracellularly released metabolites in each phase, we propose that compounds such as fungal lectins and algal cyclic peptides elicit early contact between the symbionts‐to‐be, whereas phytohormone signalling, antioxidant protection and carbon exchange through sugars and sugar alcohols are of continued importance throughout all stages. In the fully formed lichen thallus, secondary lichen metabolites and mineral nutrition are suggested to stabilize the functionalities of the thallus, including the associated microbiota.