bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allometry of the pectoral flight muscles in birds: Flight style is related to variability in the mass of the supracoracoideus muscle
Authors: Deeming D. C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAvian flight is powered by a downstroke force generated by the pectoralis (P) muscle and an upstroke force generated by the supracoracoideus (SC) muscle. Some taxa, notably penguins and hummingbirds, have very low P:SC ratios associated with larger masses of the supracoracoideus. Allometric relationships of these muscles are not reported relative to body mass and presumably the two muscles will exhibit isometry in volant birds. This study collated muscle masses for over 600 species representing 28 orders of birds and used phylogenetically controlled analysis of covariance to test for the effects of taxonomic grouping on the allometry of the flight muscles in birds. The P:SC ratio and the standardized residuals for the allometric relationships, were calculated for different orders. The pectoralis scaled isometrically with body mass but the supracoracoideus muscle exhibited a slight but significant negative allometry. Both muscles showed significant effects of taxonomic group but this effect was magnified for the supracoracoideus. Wing‐propelled divers and hovering hummingbirds had disproportionately high proportions of supracoracoideus muscles but tinamous, gamebirds and pigeons, which exhibit burst flight, also had low P:SC ratios. Many taxonomic groups had a ratio around 10:1 but values of 20:1, recorded for birds of prey and owls, were associated with relatively small masses of the supracoracoideus muscle. The P:SC ratio seems to reflect differing flight styles with the greater variability being more associated with the size of the supracoracoideus, the significance of which has not necessarily been fully appreciated in the morphology and flight action of birds.
Viral hepatitis elimination challenges in low‐ and middle‐income countries—Uzbekistan Hepatitis Elimination Program (UHEP)
Authors: Musabaev Erkin , Estes Chris , Sadirova Shakhlo , Bakieva Shokhista , Brigida Krestina , Dunn Rick , Kottilil Shyamasundaran , Mathur Poonam , Abutaleb Ameer , Razavi‐Shearer Kathryn , Anstiss Tim , Yusupaliev Bakhodir , Razavi Homie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground & AimsChronic infection with hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV & HCV) is a major contributor to liver disease and liver‐related mortality in Uzbekistan. There is a need to demonstrate the feasibility of large‐scale simplified testing and treatment to implement a national viral hepatitis elimination program.MethodsThirteen polyclinics were utilized to screen, conduct follow‐up biochemical measures and treat chronic HBV and HCV infection in the general adult population. Task shifting and motivational interviewing training allowed nurses to provide rapid screening and general practitioners (GPs) to treat individuals on‐site. An electronic medical system tracked individuals through the cascade of care.ResultsThe use of rapid tests allowed for screening of 60 769 people for HCV and HBV over 6 months and permitted outdoor testing during the COVID‐19 pandemic along with COVID testing. 13%–14% of individuals were lost to follow‐up after the rapid test, and another 62%–66% failed to come in for their consultation. One stop testing and treatment did not result in a statistically increase in retention and lack of patient awareness of viral hepatitis was identified as a key factor. Despite training, there were large differences between GPs and patients initiating treatment.ConclusionsThe current study demonstrated the feasibility of large‐scale general population screening and task shifting in low‐ and middle‐income countries. However, such programs need to be proceeded by awareness campaign to minimize loss to follow up. In addition, multiple trainings are needed for GPs to bolster their skills to talk to patients about treatment.
Vision‐aided three‐dimensional damage quantification and finite element model geometric updating for reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Kong Qingzhao , Gu Jiaxuan , Xiong Bing , Yuan Cheng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article presents a vision‐aided framework to achieve three‐dimensional (3D) concrete damage quantification and finite element (FE) model geometric updating for reinforced concrete structures. The framework can process images and point clouds to extract damage information and update it in an FE model. First, a mask region convolutional neural network was used to realize highly precise damage detection and segmentation based on images. Second, a 3D point cloud was adopted in conjunction with the processed images for 3D damage qualification. The model‐updating method enables an FE model to delete concrete elements to update the variations in volume caused by structural damage. This framework supports interaction with mainstream FE software for further analysis. To demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed framework, it was used in an experiment on a reinforced‐concrete shear wall.
Developing simulation games to advance public health nursing competence in baccalaureate education
Authors: Schofield Ruth , Chircop Andrea , Currie Genevieve , Foster Sue , Hamilton Julie , Kall Denise , Luctkar‐Flude Marian , Riselli Dawn Mercer , Oke Stacy , Ryan Maureen M. , Sanders Tanya , Tam Susan , Tyerman Jane 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe describe the development of an innovative baccalaureate nursing education strategy for public health nursing. Virtual simulation pedagogy is known to be effective for acute care nursing practice while less known for public health nursing. Three Canadian nursing schools, the Canadian Association of Schools of Nursing (CASN), and the Canadian Alliance of Nurse Educators using Simulation (CAN‐Sim) partnered to develop three public health nursing virtual simulation games. Learners work through unfolding population health scenarios, simulating public health nursing practice focused on entry level public health nursing competencies. Each game fosters clinical reasoning and collaborative, community decision‐making to respond to population health issues during community assessment, evidence‐informed health promotion planning, and evaluation processes. A companion guide was developed to support best practices in implementing virtual simulation and promote optimum student learning using the public health nursing games.
Host responses against the fish parasitizing ciliateCryptocaryon irritans
Authors: Jiang Shuiqing , Huang Xiaohong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe parasitic ciliateCryptocaryon irritans, which infects almost all marine fish species occurring in both tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world. The disease, cryptocaryonosis, accounts for significant economic losses to the aquaculture industry. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of the biology of the parasite, host–parasite interactions and both specific and non‐specific host defense mechanisms are responsible for the protection of fish against challenge infections with this ciliate. Also, this article reflects the current interest in this subject area and the quest to develop an available vaccine against the disease. Due to the high frequency of clinical fish cryptocaryonosis, the study of fish immune responses toC. irritansprovides an optimal experimental model for understanding immunity against extracellular protozoa.
Errors and complications in clinical periodontal practice due to methodologic bias and bad interpretation of the evidence
Authors: Chambrone Leandro , Garcia‐Valenzuela Francisco Salvador , Avila‐Ortiz Gustavo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDifferent types of errors and complications may arise during and after the execution of periodontal or implant‐related procedures. Some of the most relevant, although also controversial, and less commented, causative agents of errors and complications are methodological biases and bad interpretation of the evidence. Proper assessment of the literature requires of solid clinical knowledge combined with a systematic approach built on the recognition of common methodological biases and the avoidance of interpretive errors to critically retrieve, dissect, and judiciously apply available information for the promotion of periodontal and peri‐implant health. This review addresses common types of methodological bias and interpretive errors that can alter the reader's perceptions on the real effect and potential ramifications of the reported outcomes of a given therapeutic approach due to bad interpretation of the available evidence: (1) types of methodological biases; (2) spin and interpretive bias; (3) interpretation pitfalls when assessing the evidence (4) choice of relevant endpoints to answer the question(s) of interest; and (5) balance between statistical significance and clinical relevance.
Theta and alpha power track the acquisition and reversal of threat predictions and correlate with skin conductance response
Authors: Starita Francesca , Pirazzini Gabriele , Ricci Giulia , Garofalo Sara , Dalbagno Daniela , Degni Luigi A. E. , Di Pellegrino Giuseppe , Magosso Elisa , Ursino Mauro 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe ability to flexibly adjust one's threat predictions to meet the current environmental contingencies is crucial to survival. Nevertheless, its neural oscillatory correlates remain elusive in humans. Here, we tested whether changes in theta and alpha brain oscillations mark the updating of threat predictions and correlate with response of the peripheral nervous system. To this end, electroencephalogram and electrodermal activity were recorded in a group of healthy adults, who completed a Pavlovian threat conditioning task that included an acquisition and a reversal phase. Both theta and alpha power discriminated between threat and safety, with each frequency band showing unique patterns of modulations during acquisition and reversal. While changes in midcingulate theta power may learn the timing of an upcoming danger, alpha power may reflect the preparation of the somato‐motor system. Additionally, ventromedial prefrontal cortex theta may play a role in the inhibition of previously acquired threat responses, when they are no longer appropriate. Finally, theta and alpha power correlated with skin conductance response, establishing a direct relationship between activation of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Taken together these results highlight the existence of multiple oscillatory systems that flexibly regulate their activity for the successful expression of threat responses in an ever‐changing environment.
Mathematical digital escape rooms
Authors: Stohlmann Micah S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEscape rooms have been receiving more attention for use in education. Escape rooms are games in which teams solve multiple puzzles and challenges using clues, hints, and strategy to determine how to escape from a locked room. The implementation of escape rooms has the potential for increasing students' mathematical understanding and engagement. They also enable students to develop teamwork and communication skills which are essential for work, everyday life, and being a productive citizen. The importance of technology for use in education has also received more attention of late. Technology can be utilized with escape rooms for the development of digital escape rooms. This article describes a mathematical digital escape room that was implemented with a class of middle school students. Important principles for developing escape rooms are described and how they were integrated with the digital escape room entitled, Blanca's Building.
Functional analysis of PsbS transmembrane domains through base editing in Physcomitrium patens
Authors: Beraldo Claudia , Guyon‐Debast Anouchka , Alboresi Alessandro , Nogué Fabien , Morosinotto Tomas 
Published: January 2023

SUMMARYPlants exposed to light fluctuations are protected from photodamage by non‐photochemical quenching (NPQ), a reversible mechanism that enables dissipation of excess absorbed energy as heat, which is essential for plant fitness and crop productivity. In plants NPQ requires the presence of the membrane protein PsbS, which upon activation interacts with antenna proteins, inducing their dissipative conformation. Here, we exploited base editing (BE) in the moss Physcomitrium patens to introduce specific amino acid changes in vivo and assess their impact on PsbS activity, targeting transmembrane regions to investigate their role in essential protein–protein interactions. This approach enabled the recognition of residues essential for protein stability and the identification of a hydrophobic cluster of amino acids impacting PsbS activity. This work provides new information on the molecular mechanism of PsbS while also demonstrating the potential of BE approaches for in planta gene function analysis.
Effectiveness of interventions for academic burnout among nursing students: A systematic review
Authors: Tating Dan Louie Renz P. , Tamayo Reiner Lorenzo J. , Melendres Julia Czen N. , Chin Isabel K. , Gilo Ericka Louise C. , Nassereddine Ghiwa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundNursing students experience higher stress and burnout compared to students in other health professions, with a prevalence rate of as high as 20%. More recently, they have been affected by changes in nursing education due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, such as requirements for social isolation and distance learning. Although there are existing studies on interventions that address academic burnout among nursing students, there is no synthesis of randomized trials on this topic.AimThis study aimed to systematically synthesize studies of interventions for academic burnout among nursing students.MethodsA systematic search for randomized controlled trials was performed in PubMed, CINAHL, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Scopus. Eligibility criteria were based on study directness in relation to the Patient, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome (PICO) question. Two review authors independently screened articles for inclusion, collected data from the included studies, and performed risk of bias assessments using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2.0. A narrative synthesis was performed. This review was registered a priori in PROSPERO (CRD42022350196).ResultsSix papers were included in this review. Various interventions were studied: Qigong exercises, progressive muscle relaxation, autogenic therapy and laughter therapy, didactic behavioral sessions focusing on personal and professional development, and coping skills enhancement. The effects of these interventions on academic burnout, depression, and stress among nursing students were short term and their benefits over time remain uncertain.Linking Evidence to ActionProgressive muscle relaxation and cognitive behavioral interventions demonstrated short‐term positive effects on academic burnout, depression, and stress among nursing students. These findings may support the development of individual‐level and organizational‐level initiatives for nursing students aimed to lessen or prevent academic burnout. Large‐scale, high‐quality studies on the effect of interventions on academic burden in various settings and cultures are needed.
Association of nurse staffing and unit occupancy with mortality and morbidity among very preterm infants: a multicentre study
Authors: Beltempo Marc , Patel Sharina , Platt Robert W , Julien Anne-Sophie , Blais Régis , Bertelle Valerie , Lapointe Anie , Lacroix Guy , Gravel Sophie , Cabot Michèle , Piedboeuf Bruno 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveIn a healthcare system with finite resources, hospital organisational factors may contribute to patient outcomes. We aimed to assess the association of nurse staffing and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) occupancy with outcomes of preterm infants born <33 weeks’ gestation.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingFour level III NICUs.PatientsInfants born 23–32 weeks’ gestation 2015–2018.Main outcome measuresNursing provision ratios (nursing hours worked/recommended nursing hours based on patient acuity categories) and unit occupancy rates were averaged for the first shift, 24 hours and 7 days of admission of each infant. Primary outcome was mortality/morbidity (bronchopulmonary dysplasia, severe neurological injury, retinopathy of prematurity, necrotising enterocolitis and nosocomial infection). ORs for association of exposure with outcomes were estimated using generalised linear mixed models adjusted for confounders.ResultsAmong 1870 included infants, 823 (44%) had mortality/morbidity. Median nursing provision ratio was 1.03 (IQR 0.89–1.22) and median unit occupancy was 89% (IQR 82–94). In the first 24 hours of admission, higher nursing provision ratio was associated with lower odds of mortality/morbidity (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.89 to 0.98), and higher unit occupancy was associated with higher odds of mortality/morbidity (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.36). In causal mediation analysis, nursing provision ratios mediated 47% of the association between occupancy and outcomes.ConclusionsNICU occupancy is associated with mortality/morbidity among very preterm infants and may reflect lack of adequate resources in periods of high activity. Interventions aimed at reducing occupancy and maintaining adequate resources need to be considered as strategies to improve patient outcomes.
Microsurgical replantation of a traumatic total scalp avulsion
Authors: Madsen Christoffer Bing , Poulsen Lotte , Bakholdt Vivi , Sørensen Jens Ahm 
Published: January 2023

We present a rare case of microsurgical replantation of a total scalp avulsion. A woman in her mid-60s was renovating a tractor when her hair was caught in a column drill resulting in traumatic scalp avulsion. The avulsed scalp involved the eyebrows and the entire hair-covered part of the scalp. The prehospital management and the conservation packing of the scalp was very effective. Microsurgical replantation was achieved with anastomoses of the left superficial temporal artery and one temporal vein on each side. The combination of the prehospital treatment and our university hospital setup made it possible to reattach the scalp with an ischaemia time of approximately 5 hours. A functional and aesthetically pleasing outcome was achieved, and the patient was discharged 6 days postoperatively with a vital scalp and no complaints. Five months postoperatively, she has no sign of alopecia and is regaining sensation and function of the scalp.A woman in her mid-60s was renovating a tractor when her hair was caught in a column drill resulting in traumatic scalp avulsion. The avulsed scalp involved the eyebrows and the entire hair-covered part of the scalp. The prehospital management and the conservation packing of the scalp was very effective.
Football-specific extension of the IOC consensus statement: methods for recording and reporting of epidemiological data on injury and illness in sport 2020
Authors: Waldén Markus , Mountjoy Margo , McCall Alan , Serner Andreas , Massey Andrew , Tol Johannes L , Bahr Roald , D'Hooghe Michel , Bittencourt Natália , Della Villa Francesco , Dohi Michiko , Dupont Gregory , Fulcher Mark , Janse van Rensburg Dina Christina (Christa) , Lu Donna , Andersen Thor Einar 
Published: January 2023

Several sports have published consensus statements on methods and reporting of epidemiological studies concerning injuries and illnesses with football (soccer) producing one of the first guidelines. This football-specific consensus statement was published in 2006 and required an update to align with scientific developments in the field. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) recently released a sports-generic consensus statement outlining methods for recording and reporting epidemiological data on injury and illness in sport and encouraged the development of sport-specific extensions.The Fédération Internationale de Football Association Medical Scientific Advisory Board established a panel of 16 football medicine and/or science experts, two players and one coach. With a foundation in the IOC consensus statement, the panel performed literature reviews on each included subtopic and performed two rounds of voting prior to and during a 2-day consensus meeting. The panel agreed on 40 of 75 pre-meeting and 21 of 44 meeting voting statements, respectively. The methodology and definitions presented in this comprehensive football-specific extension should ensure more consistent study designs, data collection procedures and use of nomenclature in future epidemiological studies of football injuries and illnesses regardless of setting. It should facilitate comparisons across studies and pooling of data.
‘How is it possible that at times we can be physicians and at times assistants in suicide?’ Attitudes and experiences of palliative care physicians in respect of the current legal situation of suicide assistance in Switzerland
Authors: Tomczyk Martyna , Andorno Roberto , Jox Ralf J 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionSwitzerland lacks specific legal regulation of assistance in suicide. The practice has, however, developed since the 1980s as a consequence of a gap in the Swiss Criminal Code and is performed by private right-to-die organisations. Traditionally, assistance in suicide is considered contrary to the philosophy of palliative care. Nonetheless, Swiss palliative care physicians regularly receive patient requests for suicide assistance. Their attitudes towards the legal regulations of this practice and their experience in this context remain unclear.ObjectivesOur study aimed to explore and describe the attitudes and experiences of Swiss palliative care physicians concerning the legal situation of suicide assistance.MethodsIn 2019, we performed an exploratory interview study with 12 Swiss palliative care physicians on palliative sedation as an alternative to assisted suicide. In this paper, we present the results that emerged from a thematic subanalysis of the data.ResultsParticipants stated that assistance in suicide and palliative care are based on opposing philosophies, but they admitted a shift in paradigm over the last years in the sense that one practice does not necessarily exclude the other. They reported various roles in suicide assistance and considered that the current activities of Swiss right-to-die organisations were problematic and needed to be regulated by law.Discussion and conclusionThese results could enrich national and international reflection on suicide assistance in the context of palliative care by reducing confusion between the two practices and strengthening the confidence of patients and their relatives.