bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Locally Specific Genome‐Wide Signatures of Adaptation to Environmental Variation at High Resolution in an Alpine Plant
Authors: Rogivue Aude , Leempoel Kevin , Guillaume Annie S. , Choudhury Rimjhim Roy , Felber François , Kasser Michel , Joost Stéphane , Parisod Christian , Gugerli Felix 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTMicroevolutionary processes shape adaptive responses to heterogeneous environments, where these effects vary both among and within species. However, it remains largely unknown to which degree signatures of adaptation to environmental drivers can be detected based on the choice of spatial scale and genomic marker. We studied signatures of local adaptation across two levels of spatial extents, investigating complementary types of genomic variants—single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and polymorphic transposable elements (TEs)—in populations of the alpine model plant species Arabis alpina . We coupled environmental factors, derived from remote sensed digital elevation models (DEMs) at very high resolution (0.5 m), with whole‐genome sequencing data of 304 individuals across four populations. By comparing putatively adaptive loci detected between each local population versus a regional assessment including all populations simultaneously, we demonstrate that responses of A. alpina to similar amounts of abiotic variation are largely governed by local evolutionary processes. Furthermore, we find minimally overlapping signatures of local adaptation between SNPs and polymorphic TEs. Notably, functional annotations of candidate genes for adaptation revealed several symbiosis‐related genes associated with the abiotic factors studied, which could represent selective pressures from biotic agents. Our results highlight the importance of considering different spatial extents and types of genomic polymorphisms when searching for signatures of adaptation to environmental variation. Such insights provide key information on microevolutionary processes and could guide management decisions to mitigate negative impacts of climate change on alpine plant populations.
ECG‐Gated Cardiac Multidetector CT Evaluation of the Normal Pulmonary Valve and Right Ventricular Outflow Tract in Dogs
Authors: Massarenti Chiara , Croce Marta , Diana Alessia , Tursi Massimiliano , Zini Eric , Domenech Oriol , Auriemma Edoardo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWith the advancement in imaging technology, ECG‐gated cardiac multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) has emerged as a tool for the anatomic evaluation of the pulmonary valve and right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) in human medicine. Currently, the evaluation of the pulmonary valve relies primarily on echocardiographic examination. However, the bi‐dimensional nature of this technique and the location/orientation of the pulmonary valve in the thoracic cavity can pose challenges. In human medicine, ECG‐gated MDCT distinguishes four main anatomic components of the pulmonary valve and RVOT: the pulmonary valve leaflets, the sinotubular junction, the anatomic ventriculo‐arterial junction and the hemodynamic ventriculo‐arterial junction. Hence, this study aimed to describe the computed tomographic findings of the normal RVOT and pulmonary cusps in a population of dogs.This is an anatomic prospective descriptive study. A total of 24 dogs underwent a complete echocardiographic examination and an ECG‐gated MDCT to rule out pulmonary valve abnormalities. Multiplanar reconstruction of the pulmonary valve was obtained. Additionally, hearts from three dogs euthanized for reasons unrelated to the study were collected and their gross and histological findings were compared with the CT images. The ECG‐gated MDCT provided good visualization of the pulmonary valve leaflets, the sinotubular junction, the anatomic ventriculo‐arterial junction and the hemodynamic ventriculo‐arterial junction. Notably, the short‐axis view of the pulmonary valve anatomy resembled the ‘Mercedes‐Benz sign’ characteristic of the aortic valve in all dogs. In conclusion, this study provides the first description of the CT anatomy of the RVOT in dogs without pulmonary valve and RVOT abnormalities.
The Nature of the Homily in the Corpus of Origen: Insights from the Greek Homilies on the Psalms and Jeremiah
Authors: De Cock Miriam 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this article, I problematise the scholarly understanding of Origen’s exegetical homilies, typically understood as condensed and simplified versions of his exegetical commentaries for a mixed audience. This assessment was necessarily based mainly on the homiletic material in Latin translation by Rufinus and Jerome, who had condensed and rearranged the material. However, the 2012 discovery of Codex Monancensis 314, Origen’s Homilies on the Psalms, more than doubled the number of Origen’s homilies in the original Greek, thus providing much more material with which to analyse the nature of the homily in Origen’s corpus. I argue that the very technical and textually oriented nature of the Greek homilies on the psalms and Jeremiah, the latter of which were previously the only extant set of Greek homilies, provide evidence that Origen’s target audience was an elite (literate) one, and that the exegetical teacher had the same pedagogical goals in his homilies as he did in his commentaries.
FrontFinder AI: Efficient Identification of Frontal Boundaries over the Continental United States and NOAA’s Unified Surface Analysis Domain Using the UNET3+ Model Architecture
Authors: Justin Andrew D. , McGovern Amy , Allen John T. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
FrontFinder artificial intelligence (AI) is a novel machine learning algorithm trained to detect cold, warm, stationary, and occluded fronts and drylines. Fronts are associated with many high-impact weather events around the globe. Frontal analysis is still primarily done by human forecasters, often implementing their own rules and criteria for determining front positions. Such techniques result in multiple solutions by different forecasters when given identical sets of data. Numerous studies have attempted to automate frontal analysis through numerical frontal analysis. In recent years, machine learning algorithms have gained more popularity in meteorology due to their ability to learn complex relationships. Our algorithm was able to reproduce three-quarters of forecaster-drawn fronts over CONUS and NOAA’s unified surface analysis domain on independent testing datasets. We applied permutation studies, an explainable artificial intelligence method, to identify the importance of each variable for each front type. The permutation studies showed that the most “important” variables for detecting fronts are consistent with observed processes in the evolution of frontal boundaries. We applied the model to an extratropical cyclone over the central United States to see how the model handles the occlusion process, with results showing that the model can resolve the early stages of occluded fronts wrapping around cyclone centers. While our algorithm is not intended to replace human forecasters, the model can streamline operational workflows by providing efficient frontal boundary identification guidance. FrontFinder has been deployed operationally at NOAA’s Weather Prediction Center.

Significance Statement
Frontal boundaries drive many high-impact weather events worldwide. Identification and classification of frontal boundaries is necessary to anticipate changing weather conditions; however, frontal analysis is still mainly performed by human forecasters, leaving room for subjective interpretations during the frontal analysis process. We have introduced a novel machine learning method that identifies cold, warm, stationary, and occluded fronts and drylines without the need for high-end computational resources. This algorithm can be used as a tool to expedite the frontal analysis process by ingesting real-time data in operational environments.
Efficacy of neuromuscular electrical stimulation with modern rehabilitation techniques in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke patients with post-motor dysfunction
Authors: Lin Jie , Liu Lei , Zheng Huifang , Tian Zuojun 
Published: January 2025

Background Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) refers to a sudden loss of blood flow in a region of the brain, which leads to a loss of neurological function. Purpose To unveil the efficacy of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) with modern rehabilitation techniques in AIS patients with post-motor dysfunction. Material and Methods A total of 200 AIS patients with post-motor dysfunction were divided into groups A, B, C, and D (n = 50). Patients in the four groups were routinely treated with medicine, on this basis: group B received NMES treatment; group C received modern rehabilitation technology treatment; and group D was treated with NMES and modern rehabilitation technology. Rehabilitation effect, cerebral hemodynamic indices, neurological function recovery, Fugl–Meyer Assessment (FMA) and Motor Assessment Scale (MAS) scores, self-care, and quality of life were compared. Results After treatment, the total effective rate of group D was 96% higher than that of group A (64%), group B (82%), and group C (84%). Bilateral middle cerebral artery Vm and Vs and scores of FMA, MAS, functional independence measure, and modified Barthel index increased; RI and NHISS scores decreased; and all group D improved significantly versus groups A, B, and C, and both groups B and C improved significantly versus group A. Conclusion NMES with modern rehabilitation technologies synergistically treat motor dysfunction after AIS with ideal rehabilitation effect, improving cerebral hemodynamics, neurological and limb motor function recovery, and self-care ability and quality of life.
An immersive virtual reality serious game set for the clinical assessment of spatial attention impairments: Effects of avatars on perspective?
Authors: Ajana Khawla , Everard Gauthier , Lejeune Thierry , Edwards Martin Gareth 
Published: January 2025

Background Hemineglect (HN) is a post-stroke condition, frequently defined as an impairment in finding spatial targets within an egocentric frame of reference, where the stimulus is coded relative to the self. However, the egocentric reference frame can change with the presence of another person. Immersive virtual reality (IVR) offers several advantages over paper-and-pencil tests typically used to assess HN, such as a realistic and controlled environment, standardised stimulus presentation, and sensitive response acquisition. We developed a new serious game in IVR to assess HN. Here we investigated (1) the feasibility and user experience of this serious game, and (2) the effect of the presence of an avatar on HN. Methods We first tested a group of 61 control individuals (CI), followed by a group of post-stroke 11 individuals without HN (SI:HN-), 6 with HN (SI:HN+), and 17 resampled age matched group of control individuals (CI). All participants performed the “Peach test”, which required them to find and respond to a target presented among distractors, either alone or in the presence of an avatar. We measured response time (RT) and omissions. The SI:HN- and SI:HN + groups also completed a paper-and-pencil test for HN and a user experience questionnaire. Results The first analysis of results with CI showed no differences in responding to the target when in ipsi- compared to contra-lateral spaces, nor in peri- compared to extra-personal spaces. There were also no differences in responding to the target in the no-avatar condition relative to the two avatars conditions. In the second analysis, SI:HN + were slower than SI:HN- and CI. Although an interaction between group and Laterality was predicted, the results showed that there was no Laterality effect for any of the groups. An interaction between group and proximity, showed that both SI groups were slower in the extra- compared to peri-personal spaces. The user experience was globally positively rated by the SI. Conclusion We developed a serious game in IVR for the assessment of HN. Although most our findings were inconclusive, the Peach test showed excellent user experience results. Trial registration http://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT04694833, Date of registration: 11/24/2020.
Interactions of Juveniles with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in The Criminal Justice System: A Systematized Review
Authors: Simon Estefania , Smith Tammy Jorgensen , Dillahunt-Aspillaga Christina 
Published: January 2025

Background Youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD) encounter a myriad of barriers and challenges when navigating the complexities of the juvenile justice system. Lack of screening and services for youth with I/DD in the juvenile justice system can have long-term negative effects such as recidivism; involvement with the adult justice system; and negative health, educational, and employment outcomes. Objective The primary objective of this systematized review was to identify gaps in the literature pertaining to the interactions of juveniles with I/DD within the criminal justice system. Methods A systematized literature review was conducted utilizing the PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria included articles published between 2013 and 2023, in English, involving youth (under 18) with I/DD in the juvenile justice system. Results Seventy-three articles were identified. Of those, 14 met the inclusion criteria. The studies provide insight into prevalence, offense types, severity, comorbidities, risk factors, recidivism, service provision, and competency to stand trial. Conclusions To our knowledge, no previous systematized review has examined the intersection of youth with I/DD and the criminal justice system. This systematized review functions as an initial comprehensive examination of the existing literature, consolidating and analyzing research related to I/DD in the juvenile justice system. Findings, implications for policy and practice, and future directions are presented.
Histological and Molecular Manifestations of Cleft Myopathy
Authors: Huang Yixuan , He Pinting , Li Jinggui , Dou Jinfeng , Shi Bing , Li Jingtao , Zheng Qian , Cheng Xu 
Published: January 2025

Objective Apart from rupture and displacement of muscle fibers, structural defects exist in cleft muscles but have not been adequately investigated. This study aimed to examine the histological and molecular features of the cleft muscles. Design Orbicularis oris (OO) and tensor fasciae latae (TFL) muscle samples were obtained from patients with cleft lip and alveolar. The non-cleft OO muscles were obtained from patients with facial trauma. Myofiber histology, stem cell composition, and molecular signatures were compared among the cleft OO muscle, non-cleft OO muscle, and TFL muscle. Main Outcome Measures Histological analysis of the fibrotic area, myofiber size, fiber type composition, and dystrophin expression pattern was performed to characterize the pathological manifestations in cleft muscles. Immunofluorescent staining of Pax7+ muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) and PDGFRα+ fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) and transcriptional profiling of MuSCs were carried out to explore the stem cell number and behavior in the cleft muscle. Results Cleft muscles had an increased fibrotic area, variation in fiber size, and proportion of human fast myofiber. The defect in dystrophin expression was considerable in the non-cleft OO muscle and was even higher in the cleft OO muscle. MuSCs from cleft muscles showed a trend of increased Dux4 signature gene expression and repressed Pax7 target gene expression. Conclusion Cleft myopathy resembles facial muscle-specific muscular dystrophy. The characterization of structural deformity inherited in cleft muscles could pave the way for a deeper understanding of orofacial cleft pathology.
Medium vessel occlusions in the drip-and-ship model: Clinical vs. hub CTP-supported decision making
Authors: Rao Rahul , Ali Aizaz , Gharaibeh Khaled , Zoghi Zeinab , Gega Alisa , Pervez Hira , Burgess Richard , Zaidi Syed , Jumaa Mouhammad 
Published: January 2025

Introduction Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for medium vessel occlusions (MeVO) is emerging as a promising treatment in acute stroke. We aim to evaluate the utility of additional imaging (CTP) in patients with MeVOs who received thrombolysis at a spoke hospital and were transferred to the hub. Methods This was a retrospective review of prospectively collected data from April 2018 to June 2023. Patients were transferred to one of the following destinations: CT scanner for a perfusion scan, directly to the angiography suite, or admitted to the neurological intensive care unit (NICU). We compared baseline characteristics, MT times, radiographic and clinical outcomes between the group that was initially transferred to CTP vs. the group that was not initially transferred to CTP. Results Seventy-eight MeVO patients who received IV thrombolysis and were transferred to our comprehensive stroke center were included in the analysis. Forty patients went directly to CTP, thirty went directly to the angiography suite (DTA), and eight were transferred to the NICU. 67.5% of patients presenting to CTP did not subsequently go to the angiography suite. The CTP and non-CTP groups did not differ significantly in terms of demographics, rates of successful recanalization, complications, and clinical outcomes at 90 days. The CTP group had significantly longer median door-to-groin times and median door-to-recanalization times. Conclusion Mechanical thrombectomy should be considered in stroke patients with confirmed medium vessel occlusions who receive thrombolysis. CTP utilization may lead to lower angiography utilization and longer door-to-procedure times but does not significantly affect long-term outcomes.
The Right to Remain and the Causes of Forced Migration
Authors: Baggio Fabio 
Published: January 2025

Executive Summary Pope Francis dedicated his Message for the 109th World Day of Migrants and Refugees to the freedom that should characterize one’s choice whether to migrate or remain. With his message, developed by constantly listening to the local Churches, the Holy Father wanted to promote a new debate on a right not yet codified at an international level: the right not to have to migrate, or more precisely, the right to remain in one’s homeland. The forced nature of many current migration flows requires a careful consideration of the causes of current migrations. The right to remain is pre-eminent, deeper, and broader than the right to migrate. It involves the possibility of participating in the common good, the right to live with dignity and have access to sustainable development. All of these rights should be effectively safeguarded in the countries of origin with the responsible involvement of the international community.
Comparison of a Virtual and in-Person OSCE on Advanced Communication Skills: Qualitative Insights from Medical Student Debrief Transcripts
Authors: Choi Alex , Murtha Tanya D. , Morrison Laura J. , Talwalkar Jaideep S. 
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVES This study investigates the differences between in-person versus virtual format of an advanced communication skills OSCE through thematic analyses of post-OSCE debrief transcripts. METHODS Two cohorts of senior medical students participated in either a 2019 in-person or 2021 virtual advanced communication skills OSCE. Students were grouped in triads and rotated through three of five possible cases. Afterwards, students participated in a faculty-led debrief (in-person in 2019, virtual in 2021). Inductive thematic analysis was used to compare the themes and the ratio of comments related to the themes were compared between the virtual and in-person OSCEs. RESULTS Thematic analyses for both in-person and virtual OSCEs identified the same four major themes (Case Review, Emotional Response, Feedback, and Reflection) and 11 subthemes. However, the ratio of comments related to Case Review was lower in the virtual OSCE compared to in-person (P < .0001). Analysis of subthemes within Case Review revealed the percentage of comments was higher for Content and lower for Challenges in the virtual OSCE compared to in-person (both P < .0001). There were no differences in the ratios of comments related to Emotional Response, Feedback, and Reflection, or their subthemes. CONCLUSION A virtual advanced communications skills OSCE for medical students showed identical qualitative themes to that from a prior in-person OSCE. However, students in the virtual OSCE focused more on matter-of-fact discussions about case content and less about the challenges they experienced. The findings suggest that some medical students may struggle with experiential learning in the virtual format, and have difficulty accessing or practicing their reflective observation skills based on Kolb's learning theory. Differences may be attributable to the additional cognitive load in the virtual setting, inadequate structural safeguards, and/or other limitations of virtual communication.
Medwakh smoking induces alterations in salivary proteins and cytokine expression: a clinical exploratory proteomics investigation
Authors: Aghila Rani K. G. , Soares Nelson C. , Rahman Betul , Giddey Alexander D. , Al-Hroub Hamza M. , Semreen Mohammad H. , Al Kawas Sausan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Medwakh smoking has radically expanded among youth in the Middle East and around the world. The rising popularity of medwakh/dokha usage is linked to the onset of several chronic illnesses including cardiovascular diseases and cancers. Medwakh smoking is reported to increase the risk of inflammation in the lower respiratory tract owing to oxidative burden. To date, there are no reported studies investigating the impact of medwakh smoking on salivary protein profile. The current study aims to elucidate alterations in the salivary proteome profile of medwakh smokers.

Methods
Saliva samples collected from 33 medwakh smokers and 30 non-smokers were subjected to proteomic analysis using UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS. Saliva samples were further subjected to validatory experiments involving analysis of inflammatory cytokine profile using LEGENDplex™ Human Essential Immune Response Panel.

Results
Statistical analysis revealed alterations in the abundance of 74 key proteins including immune mediators and inflammatory markers in medwakh smokers (Accession: PXD045901). Proteins involved in building oxidative stress, alterations in cell anchorage, and cell metabolic processes were enhanced in medwakh smokers. Salivary immune response evaluation further validated the proteome findings, revealing significantly higher levels of IL-1β, IL-12p70, IL-23, IFN-γ (Th1 cytokines), IL-6 (Th2 cytokine), and MCP-1 (chemokine) in medwakh smokers. In addition, a substantial increase in abundance of involucrin suggesting a plausible stratified squamous cell differentiation and increased cell lysis in the oral cavity of medwakh smokers akin to chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). The protein–metabolite joint pathway analysis further showed significantly enriched differentially expressed proteins and metabolites of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate, fructose and mannose, nicotinate and nicotinamide, and glutathione metabolism pathways among medwakh smokers.

Conclusions
The findings of the study provide valuable insights on potential perturbations in various key immune molecules, cytokines, and signaling pathways among medwakh smokers. Medwakh smokers displayed elevated inflammation, increased oxidative stress and defective antioxidant responses, dysregulated energy metabolism, and alterations in proteins related to cell adhesion, migration, differentiation, and proliferation. The findings of study underscore the urgent need for comprehensive public health interventions among youth by raising awareness, implementing effective smoking cessation programs, and promoting healthy lifestyle to safeguard the well-being of individuals and communities worldwide.