bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated endothelial dysfunction-related biomarker levels indicate the severity and predict sepsis incidence
Authors: Zhou Gaosheng , Liu Jingjing , Zhang Hongmin , Wang Xiaoting , Liu Dawei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the relationship between serum endothelial dysfunction-related biomarker levels and organ dysfunction severity in septic patients and the predictive value of these levels during sepsis. In total, 105 patients admitted to the Department of Critical Care Medicine were enrolled between September 2020 and November 2021. Serum syndecan-1 and soluble thrombomodulin(sTM) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and clinical and laboratory data were recorded. Enroll patients were divided into the infection (n = 28), septic nonshock (n = 31), and septic shock (n = 46) groups . Serum syndecan-1 (102.84 ± 16.53 vs. 55.38 ± 12.34 ng/ml), and sTM(6.60 ± 1.44 ng/ml vs. 5.23 ± 1.23 ng/ml, P < 0.01) levels were increased in the septic group compared with those in the infection group. Serum syndecan-1 levels were closely positively correlated with serum sTM (rs = 0.712, r2 = 0.507, P < 0.001). Additionally, serum syndecan-1(rs = 0.687, r2 = 0.472, P < 0.001) and sTM levels (rs = 0.6, r2 = 0.36, P < 0.01) levels were significantly positively correlated with the sequential organ failure assessment scores respectively. Syndecan-1 (AUC 0.95 ± 0.02, P < 0.0001) was more valuable for prediction sepsis than was sTM (AUC 0.87 ± 0.04, P < 0.0001). Compared with sTM (AUC 0.88 ± 0.03, P < 0.001), syndecan-1 (AUC 0.95 ± 0.02, P < 0.001) and SOFA score (AUC 0.95 ± 0.02, P < 0.001) were better predictors of septic shock. Serum syndecan-1 and sTM levels were associated with organ dysfunction severity in septic patients, and both were good predictors for early identification of sepsis, particularly in patients undergoing septic shock.
A numerical study on the role of instabilities on multi-wavelength emission signatures of blazar jets
Authors: Acharya Sriyasriti , Vaidya Bhargav , Kalpa Dihingia Indu , Agarwal Sushmita , Shukla Amit 
Published: December 2022

Context. Blazars, a class of active galaxies whose jets are relativistic and collimated flows of plasma directed along the line of sight, are prone to a slew of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities. These jets show characteristic multi-wavelength and multi-timescale variabilities.
Aims. We aim to study the interplay of radiation and particle acceleration processes in regulating the multi-band emission and variability signatures from blazars. In particular, the goal is to decipher the impact of shocks arising due to MHD instabilities in driving the long-term variable emission signatures from blazars.
Methods. To this end, we performed relativistic MHD (RMHD) simulations of a representative section of a blazar jet. The jet was evolved using a hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian framework to account for radiative losses due to synchrotron process as well as particle acceleration due to shocks. Additionally, we incorporated and validated radiative losses taking into consideration the external Compton (EC) process that is relevant for blazars. We further compared the effects of different radiation mechanisms through numerical simulation of 2D slab jet as a validation test. Finally, we carried out a parametric study to quantify the effect of magnetic fields and external radiation field characteristics by performing 3D simulations of a plasma column. The synthetic light curves and spectral energy distribution (SEDs) were analyzed to qualitatively understand the impact of instability driven shocks.
Results. We observed that shocks produced with the evolution of instabilities give rise to flaring signatures in the high-energy band. The impact of such shocks is also evident from the instantaneous flattening of the synchrotron component of the SEDs. At later stages, we observed the transition in X-ray emission from the synchrotron process to that dominated by EC. The inclusion of the EC process also gives rise to γ-ray emission and shows signatures of mild Compton dominance that is typically seen in low-synchrotron peaked blazars.
Superflares on solar-like stars
Authors: Vasilyev V. , Reinhold T. , Shapiro A. I. , Krivova N. A. , Usoskin I. , Montet B. T. , Solanki S. K. , Gizon L. 
Published: December 2022

Context. Over the past years, thousands of stellar flares have been detected by harvesting data from large photometric surveys. These detections, however, do not account for potential sources of contamination such as background stars or small Solar System objects appearing in the same aperture as the primary target.
Aims. We present a new method for identifying the true flare sources in large photometric surveys using data from the Kepler mission as an illustrative example. The new method considers not only the brightness excess in the stellar light curves, but also the location of this excess in the pixel-level data.
Methods. Potential flares are identified in two steps. First, we search the light curves for at least two subsequent data points exceeding a 5σ threshold above the running mean. For these two cadences, we subtract the “quiet” stellar flux from the Kepler pixel data to obtain new images where the potential flare is the main light source. In the second step, we use a Bayesian approach to fit the point spread function of the instrument to determine the most likely location of the flux excess on the detector. We match this location with the position of the primary target and other stars from the Gaia DR2 catalog within a radius of 10 arcsec around the primary Kepler target. When the location of the flux excess and the target star coincide, we associate the event with a flare on the target star.
Results. We applied our method to 5862 main-sequence stars with near-solar effective temperatures. From the first step we found 2274 events exceeding the 5σ level in at least two consecutive points in the light curves. Applying the second step reduced this number to 342 superflares. Of these, 283 flares occurred on 178 target stars and 47 events are associated with fainter background stars; in 10 cases the flare location could not be distinguished between the target and a background star. We also present cases where flares were reported previously but our technique could not attribute them to the target star.
Conclusions. We conclude that identifying outliers in the light curves alone is insufficient to attribute them to stellar flares and that flares can only be uniquely attributed to a certain star when the instrument pixel-level data together with the point spread function are taken into account. As a consequence, previous flare statistics are likely contaminated by instrumental effects and unresolved astrophysical sources.
Cerebrospinal fluid levels of sortilin-1, lipocalin-2, autotaxin, decorin and interleukin-33 in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Dündar Ahmet , Arıkanoğlu Adalet , Özdemir Hasan Hüseyin , Aslanhan Hamza , Çevik Mehmet Uğur 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is characterized by increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure of unknown cause. It has been suggested that the inflammatory process plays a role in the pathophysiology of the disease. Sortilin-1, lipocalin-2, autotaxin, decorin, and interleukin-33 (IL-33) are among the factors involved in inflammatory processes.
Objective To investigate the CSF levels of sortilin-1, lipocalin-2, autotaxin, decorin, and IL-33 in patients with IIH.
Methods A total of 24 IIH patients and 21 healthy controls were included in the study. Demographic characteristics of the patients and of the control group as well as CSF pressures were evaluated. Sortilin-1, lipocalin-2, autotaxin, decorin and IL-33 levels in the CSF were measured.
Results The CSF levels lipocalin-2, sortilin-1, autotaxin, IL-33 and CSF pressure were significantly higher in the patients group compared with the control group (p < 0.001). Decorin levels were reduced in patients (p < 0.05). There was no correlation between the autotaxin and IL-33 levels and age, gender, CSF pressure, and body mass index. The results of our study showed that inflammatory activation plays an important role in the development of the pathophysiology of IIH. In addition, the fact that the markers used in our study have never been studied in the etiopathogenesis of IIH is important in explaining the molecular mechanism of this disease.
Conclusion Studies are needed to evaluate the role of these cytokines in the pathophysiology of the disease. It is necessary to evaluate the effects of these molecules on this process.
Fatigue in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and correlated factors
Authors: Alencar Mariana Asmar , Soares Bruna Laura , Rangel Marcela Ferreira de Andrade , Abdo Juliana Silva , Almeida Rayane Alves Pereira de , Araújo Caroline Martins de , Souza Leonardo Cruz de , Gomes Gisele de Cássia 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that leads to muscle weakness and paralysis. Fatigue is a disabling symptom, frequently reported in ALS, but remains under-investigated in this population. Thus, an accurate investigation of this symptom and possible associated factors in this clinical condition is needed to assist in the establishment of an adequate treatment approach.
Objective To investigate the presence of fatigue in individuals with ALS and possible factors correlated with this symptom.
Methods Sixty-five individuals with sporadic ALS participated in the present study. Demographic, clinical, and functional aspects were investigated. Evaluations involved the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), ALS Functional Scale (ALSRFS-R), and Quality of Life (QoL) questionnaire (ALSAQ-40). Descriptive and correlation analyses were performed with SPSS statistical program for Windows version 19.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).
Results Among the 65 individuals evaluated, 44.6% (n = 29) presented fatigue based on the FSS. The mean fatigue intensity was 5.4 ± 1.2 and only 10.4% used a specific medication for fatigue. Differences between the groups with and without fatigue were found regarding sex (p = 0.049), pain intensity (p = 0.026), functioning (p = 0.004), disease severity (p = 0.029), and QoL (p = 0.000). Fatigue was correlated with pain intensity (r = 0.425; p = 0.001), muscle strength (r = - 0.356; p = 0.004), functioning (r = - 0.363; p = 0.003), and QoL (r = 0.481; p = 0.000). No correlations were found with age, time since diagnosis, cramps, or other mobility parameters.
Conclusions Fatigue is a common symptom among individuals with ALS and may be present in all stages of the disease. This symptom was correlated with worse functioning, poorer QoL, greater pain intensity, disease severity, muscle weakness, and the female sex in individuals with ALS.
Gravity effects in mass-spring-damper models of inelastic collisions
Authors: Bartz Sean P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A ball bouncing on a rigid surface is modeled as a mass-spring-damper system. We consider the effect of including or neglecting the force of gravity, extending previous work that shows that including gravity yields a velocity-dependent coefficient of restitution (COR). This velocity dependence is most pronounced at low-impact velocities and high damping. Previously-published models differ in defining the termination of the collision, with some referencing the ball’s position and others noting when the contact force becomes zero. We propose a new model that combines aspects of these approaches. The various models are compared in their predictions for the COR and collision duration, and are compared to experimental data from a cart on an inclined track bouncing repeatedly on a spring. While the new model shows some improvement over the prior collision termination conditions, the inclusion of gravity is the more important consideration in modeling repeated bouncing.
Control of ion flux-energy distribution at dielectric wafer surfaces by low frequency tailored voltage waveforms in capacitively coupled plasmas
Authors: Hartmann P , Korolov I , Escandón-López J , van Gennip W , Buskes K , Schulze J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Capacitively coupled plasmas are routinely used in an increasing number of technological applications, where a precise control of the flux and energy distribution of ions impacting boundary surfaces is required. In the presence of dielectric wafers and targets the accumulation of charges on these surfaces can significantly alter the time evolution of the sheath electric field that is accountable for ion acceleration from the plasma bulk to the surfaces and, thus, lead to parasitic distortions of process relevant ion flux-energy distributions. We apply particle in cell with Monte Carlo collisions simulations to provide insights into the operation, ion acceleration mechanisms, and the formation of such distributions at dielectric wafers for discharges in argon gas. The discharges are driven by a combination of a single high frequency (HF) (27.1 MHz) voltage signal and a low frequency (LF) (100 kHz) customized pulsed voltage waveform. The LF waveform includes a base square signal to realize narrow and controllable high energy peaks of the ion distribution, and steady-slope ramp voltage components. We discuss the distorting effect of dielectric surface charging on the ion flux-energy distribution and provide details about how the voltage ramps can restore its narrow peaked shape. The dependence of the surface charging properties on the LF pulse duty cycle and amplitude, as well as the HF voltage amplitude is revealed. The radial homogeneity of the ion flux is found to be maintained within

±

10

% around the mean value for all quantities investigated. The radial electric field developing at the edge of the dielectric wafer with finite width has only a small influence on the overall homogeneity of the plasma across the whole surface, its effect remains localized to the outermost few mm of the wafer.
Phonon transport mechanism of HfO2 ultrathin film with temperature-correction full-band Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Chen Hongyu , Wang Zhaoliang , Tang Dawei 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Hafnium dioxide (HfO2) has been widely used in microelectronics nowadays and commonly withstands extremely high temperatures, so the investigation of its thermodynamic properties is particularly essential. This paper develops a temperature-correction full-band Monte Carlo (TFMC) method to investigate the HfO2 ultrathin film. The phonon dynamics parameters of HfO2 are calculated based on the first-principles method. TFMC can better describe the phonon cumulative distribution function in different temperatures by modifying the phonon relaxation time and heat capacity. The thermal conductivity of HfO2 ultrathin film is calculated based on the above method and is in good agreement with the literature. It is observed that the optical phonons in HfO2 ultrathin film are prominent in the phonon heat transport, which is quite different from the mechanism in common semiconductor materials. Combined with the full-band diffuse mismatch model, the Si-based HfO2 ultrathin film is studied. It is found that the existence of the interface with substrates improves the thermodynamic properties of the ultrathin film, which provides a reference for the selection of substrate materials.
Observation of electronic structure replicas in photoemission spectra of graphite upon adsorption of tin phthalocyanine
Authors: Erk Hermann , Opitz Klaas , Hein Petra , Jauernik Stephan , Bauer Michael 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cone-type bands near the center of the surface Brillouin zone were observed in low-energy angle-resolved photoemission spectra of tin phthalocyanine adsorbed on graphite. Simulations in comparison with the experimental data show that the spectral features represent replicas of the electronic structure of graphite near

K
‾

resulting from high-order momentum transfer processes up to the fourth order owing to the interaction of substrate electrons with the long-range structural order of the adsorbate overlayer. The analysis of time-resolved photoemission data from one of the replicas yields a quantitative and very good agreement with previous studies on the excited carrier dynamics in the Dirac cones of graphite and graphene.
Detection algorithm for bearing roller end surface defects based on improved YOLOv5n and image fusion
Authors: Xie Runlin , Zhu Yongjian , Luo Jian , Qin Guofeng , Wang Dong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
For the current problems of low accuracy and poor reliability of defect detection for bearing roller end surfaces in industrial production, this paper proposes a bearing roller end surface defect detection algorithm based on improved YOLOv5n and the fusion of gamma-corrected maps and curvature maps. First, this paper uses photometric stereo vision to reconstruct the three-dimensional shape of the surface and proposes an improved Frankot–Chellappa integration algorithm to solve the problem of reconstructing surface deformation. Secondly, the DenseFuse network is used to fuse gamma-corrected maps and curvature maps to generate an image dataset that combines the strengths of both images to enhance defect features and improve the precision of target detection. Finally, the improved target detection model YOLOv5n is proposed to detect defects in the end surfaces of bearing rollers. The experimental results show that by using fused images for training, detection models with higher mean average precision(mAP) than traditional images can be obtained, and the improved YOLOv5n algorithm maintains the high real-time performance of the original algorithm while the mAP0.5 and mAP0.5:0.95 of improved YOLOv5n are 98.6% and 87.4%, respectively, which are respectively 0.9% and 2.8% higher than YOLOv5n.
4D lung MRI with high-isotropic-resolution using half-spoke (UTE) and full-spoke 3D radial acquisition and temporal compressed sensing reconstruction
Authors: Wu Can , Krishnamoorthy Guruprasad , Yu Victoria , Subashi Ergys , Rimner Andreas , Otazo Ricardo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective. To develop a respiratory motion-resolved four-dimensional (4D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique with high-isotropic-resolution (1.1 mm) using 3D radial sampling, camera-based respiratory motion sensing, and temporal compressed sensing reconstruction for lung cancer imaging. Approach. Free-breathing half- and full-spoke 3D golden-angle radial acquisitions were performed on eight healthy volunteers and eight patients with lung tumors of varying size. A back-and-forth k-space ordering between consecutive interleaves of the 3D radial acquisition was performed to minimize eddy current-related artifacts. Data were sorted into respiratory motion states using camera-based motion navigation and 4D images were reconstructed using temporal compressed sensing to reduce scan time. Normalized sharpness indices of the diaphragm, apparent signal-to-noise ratio (aSNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the lung tumor (patients only), liver, and aortic arch were compared between half- and full-spoke 4D MRI images to evaluate the impact of respiratory motion and image contrast on 4D MRI image quality. Respiration-induced changes in lung volumes and center of mass shifts were compared between half- and full-spoke 4D MRI measurements. In addition, the motion measurements from 4D MRI and the same-day 4D CT were presented in one of the lung tumor patients. Main results. Half-spoke 4D MRI provides better visualization of the lung parenchyma, while full-spoke 4D MRI presents sharper diaphragm images and higher aSNR and CNR in the lung tumor, liver, and aortic arch. Lung volume changes and center of mass shifts measured by half- and full-spoke 4D MRI were not statistically different. For the patient with 4D MRI and same-day 4D CT, lung volume changes and center of mass shifts were generally comparable. Significance. This work demonstrates the feasibility of a motion-resolved 4D MRI technique with high-isotropic-resolution using 3D radial acquisition, camera-based respiratory motion sensing, and temporal compressed sensing reconstruction for treatment planning and motion monitoring in radiotherapy of lung cancer.
First results of a new quadrupole minimum-B permanent magnet electron cyclotron resonance ion source
Authors: Kalvas T , Toivanen V , Kosonen S T , Koivisto H , Tarvainen O , Maunoury L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The first experimental results of a novel permanent magnet electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) with a minimum-B quadrupole magnetic field topology are presented. Bremsstrahlung measurements indicate that the electrons can reach energies of 150–200 keV. Ion charge states up to Ar11+ and Kr15+ were detected in the charge state distributions of the extracted beams. Measurements in pulsed operation mode reveal an afterglow peak, which implies that high charge state ions are confined electrostatically similar to a conventional ECRIS. The potential applications and future development of the ion source are discussed.
On the role of helium metastable (23S1) measured by time resolved tunable diode laser spectroscopy in high current magnetron discharge
Authors: Farsy Abderzak El , Morel Erwan , Rozier Yoann , de Poucques Ludovic , Robert Jacques , Minea Tiberiu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy is applied to measure the density and gas temperature of helium metastable (23S1) in the ionization region of magnetron discharge operated at very high current density (

>
10

A

c

m

−
2

), which is achievable in helium at 10 Pa with molybdenum target. Those measurements were combined to electrical characterization of the current and the voltage at the magnetron cathode. The discharge current waveform is anti-correlated with the time-evolution of helium metastable (

H

e

m

) density showing that the main depletion process of

H

e

m

is its ionization. Counterintuitively, the higher the gas temperature the lower the discharge peak current. Gas rarefaction and gas recycling are discussed as major contributors for this phenomenon in very high current glow discharge.