bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitudes, perceptions, and preferences towards SARS CoV-2 testing and vaccination among African American and Hispanic public housing residents, New York City: 2020–2021
Authors: Izeogu Chigozirim , Gill Emily , Van Allen Kaitlyn , Williams Natasha , Thorpe Lorna E. , Shelley Donna 
Published: January 2023

Background
African American and Hispanic populations have been affected disproportionately by COVID-19. Reasons are multifactorial and include social and structural determinants of health. During the onset and height of the pandemic, evidence suggested decreased access to SARS CoV-2 testing. In 2020, the National Institutes of Health launched the Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics (RADx)- Underserved Populations initiative to improve SARS CoV-2 testing in underserved communities. In this study, we explored attitudes, experiences, and barriers to SARS CoV-2 testing and vaccination among New York City public housing residents.

Methods
Between December 2020 and March 2021, we conducted 9 virtual focus groups among 36 low-income minority residents living in New York City public housing.

Results
Among residents reporting a prior SARS CoV-2 test, main reasons for testing were to prepare for a medical procedure or because of a high-risk exposure. Barriers to testing included fear of discomfort from the nasal swab, fear of exposure to COVID-19 while traveling to get tested, concerns about the consequences of testing positive and the belief that testing was not necessary. Residents reported a mistrust of information sources and the health care system in general; they depended more on “word of mouth” for information. The major barrier to vaccination was lack of trust in vaccine safety. Residents endorsed more convenient testing, onsite testing at residential buildings, and home self-test kits. Residents also emphasized the need for language-concordant information sharing and for information to come from “people who look like [them] and come from the same background as [them]”.

Conclusions
Barriers to SARS CoV-2 testing and vaccination centered on themes of a lack of accurate information, fear, mistrust, safety, and convenience. Resident-endorsed strategies to increase testing include making testing easier to access either through home or onsite testing locations. Education and information sharing by trusted members of the community are important tools to combat misinformation and build trust.
Sleep does not influence schema-facilitated motor memory consolidation
Authors: Reverberi Serena , Dolfen Nina , Van Roy Anke , Albouy Genevieve , King Bradley R. 
Published: January 2023

Study objectives
Novel information is rapidly learned when it is compatible with previous knowledge. This “schema” effect, initially described for declarative memories, was recently extended to the motor memory domain. Importantly, this beneficial effect was only observed 24 hours–but not immediately–following motor schema acquisition. Given the established role of sleep in memory consolidation, we hypothesized that sleep following the initial learning of a schema is necessary for the subsequent rapid integration of novel motor information.

Methods
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of diurnal and nocturnal sleep on schema-mediated motor sequence memory consolidation. In Experiment 1, participants first learned an 8-element motor sequence through repeated practice (Session 1). They were then afforded a 90-minute nap opportunity (N = 25) or remained awake (N = 25) before learning a second motor sequence (Session 2) which was highly compatible with that learned prior to the sleep/wake interval. Experiment 2 was similar; however, Sessions 1 and 2 were separated by a 12-hour interval that included nocturnal sleep (N = 28) or only wakefulness (N = 29).

Results
For both experiments, we found no group differences in motor sequence performance (reaction time and accuracy) following the sleep/wake interval. Furthermore, in Experiment 1, we found no correlation between sleep features (non-REM sleep duration, spindle and slow wave activity) and post-sleep behavioral performance.

Conclusions
The results of this research suggest that integration of novel motor information into a cognitive-motor schema does not specifically benefit from post-learning sleep.
The Middle-Income Trap and Competition Policy: An Institutional Analysis
Authors: Song Huike , Buts Caroline , Jegers Marc 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This article studies a potential link between the middle-income trap and competition policy. It analyzes how a country’s competition policy relates to the transition process from the middle-income stage to the high-income stage, and what features of competition policy are accompanying a countryʼs successful leap from the middle-income group of countries. We find that to avoid falling into the middle-income trap, a country should have an appropriate institutional environment, which includes rigorous adherence to the rule of law, high regulatory quality, and high government effectiveness. It seems necessary to introduce competition policy as early as possible for countries in the upper middle-income stage. The quality of competition law and the independence of the competition authority must be guaranteed.
An application of citric acid as a carrier for solid dispersion to improve the dissolution and uric acid-lowering effect of kaempferol
Authors: Song Danni , Xie Changqing , Yang Rong , Ma Aijinxiu , Zhao Honghui , Zou Fengmao , Zhang Xiangrong , Zhao Xu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Kaempferol (KPF) is a flavonoid compound, which has a variety of pharmacological activities, and widely exists in daily diet. However, its application is limited due to poor solubility. Citric acid (CA) is a common food additive with high solubility. In this study, solid dispersion (SD) was prepared with CA as the carrier to improve the solubility of KPF. KPF-CA-SD (weight ratio 1:20) was obtained by ultrasonic for 20 min at 40 °C. The in vitro dissolution of KPF in SD was increased from about 50% to more than 80%. The physicochemical characterizations were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope. In hyperuricemia mice, KPF-SD (equivalent to 100 mg/kg KPF) can effectively reduce serum uric acid and exert nephroprotective effects. In conclusion, the preparation of SD with CA might provide a safe and effective selection to facilitate application of KPF in food and medicine.
Classification of non-solvable groups whose power graph is a cograph
Authors: Brachter Jendrik , Kaja Eda 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In recent work, Cameron, Manna and Mehatari have studied the finite groups whose power graph is a cograph, which we refer to as power-cograph groups.
They classify the nilpotent groups with this property, and they establish partial results in the general setting, highlighting certain number-theoretic difficulties that arise for the simple groups of the form

PSL
2

⁡

(
q
)

\operatorname{PSL}_{2}(q)

or

Sz
⁡

(

2

2
⁢
e

+
1

)

\operatorname{Sz}(2^{2e+1})

.
In this paper, we prove that these number-theoretic problems are in fact the only obstacles to the classification of non-solvable power-cograph groups.
Specifically, for the non-solvable case, we give a classification of power-cograph groups in terms of such groups isomorphic to

PSL
2

⁡

(
q
)

\operatorname{PSL}_{2}(q)

or

Sz
⁡

(

2

2
⁢
e

+
1

)

\operatorname{Sz}(2^{2e+1})

.
For the solvable case, we are able to precisely describe the structure of solvable power-cograph groups.
We obtain a complete classification of solvable power-cograph groups whose Gruenberg–Kegel graph is connected.
Moreover, we reduce the case where the Gruenberg–Kegel graph is disconnected to the classification of 𝑝-groups admitting fixed-point-free automorphisms of prime power order, which is in general an open problem.
Adaptive POD-DEIM correction for Turing pattern approximation in reaction–diffusion PDE systems
Authors: Alla Alessandro , Monti Angela , Sgura Ivonne 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We investigate a suitable application of Model Order Reduction (MOR) techniques for the numerical approximation of Turing patterns, that are stationary solutions of reaction–diffusion PDE (RD-PDE) systems. We show that solutions of surrogate models built by classical Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) exhibit an unstable error behaviour over the dimension of the reduced space. To overcome this drawback, first of all, we propose a POD-DEIM technique with a correction term that includes missing information in the reduced models. To improve the computational efficiency, we propose an adaptive version of this algorithm in time that accounts for the peculiar dynamics of the RD-PDE in presence of Turing instability. We show the effectiveness of the proposed methods in terms of accuracy and computational cost for a selection of RD systems, i.e., FitzHugh–Nagumo, Schnakenberg and the morphochemical DIB models, with increasing degree of nonlinearity and more structured patterns.
The main tasks of a semiotics of artificial intelligence
Authors: Leone Massimo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe article indicates the essential tasks of a semiotics of artificial intelligence: studying the way it simulates the expression of intelligence; the way it produces content that is creatively endowed; the ideological assumptions of artificial intelligence within the culture that produces it. Artificial intelligence is, from a semiotic point of view, the predominant technology of fakery in the current era. On the strength of its studies on the false, semiotics can therefore also be applied to the analysis of the fake that, in increasingly sophisticated forms, is produced through artificial intelligence and through the deep learning of neural networks. The article focuses on the adversarial ones, trying to highlight their ideological assumptions and cultural developments, which seem to indicate the entry of human societies and cultures into the ‘realm of the absolute fake’.
Oil as narcotic or as medicine: the DISEASE metaphor in political cartoons on energy crisis
Authors: Zhao Xiufeng , Wu Yuxin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe present paper explores how the issue of the current energy crisis in the wake of the Covid-19 and Ukraine war was constructed by political cartoons. Adopting Critical Multimodal Metaphor Scenario Analysis, this paper focuses on thediseasemetaphor scenario, one of the most recurring scenarios in political cartoons on this topic, and specifically emphasizes how themethod of treatment, one of the structural elements in the scenario, is represented. The analysis reveals that two predominant scenarios constitute the representations of themethod of treatment: narcoticscenario andmedicinescenario. They differ in entailments: one frames fossil energy as detrimental narcotic while the other frames it as therapeutic medicine. By means of the two scenarios, these cartoons convey strong criticism of the major involvers in the energy crisis, namely, the E.U., Russia, and the U.S. The cartoons make full use of the dynamic interplay of visual and/or verbal metonymy, metaphor, and narrative to elicit associations, assumptions and evaluations in the viewers, helping facilitate understanding and constructing a view of the crisis reality. The present analysis sheds light on the way cartoonists reshape the public point of view in the framing of specific event(s).
Synthesis and crystal structure of 1-((3R,10S,13R,17S)-3-((4-methoxyphenyl)amino)-10,13-dimethylhexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[α]-phenanthren-17-yl)ethan-1-one, C28H41NO2
Authors: Zhang Wen-Wen , Ye Jiang-Hai , Huang Hua , Zou Juan , He Kang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
C28H41NO2, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 10.4480(5) Å, b = 12.4188(6) Å, c = 18.3905(10) Å, V = 2386.2(2) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0608, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1510, T = 273(2) K.
Methods for the SI-traceable value assignment of the purity of organic compounds (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Westwood Steven , Lippa Katrice , Shimuzu Yoshitaka , Lalerle Beatrice , Saito Takeshi , Duewer David , Dai Xinhua , Davies Stephen , Ricci Marina , Baldan Annarita , Lang Brian , Sarge Stefan , Wang Haifeng , Pratt Ken , Josephs Ralf , Mariassy Mikael , Pfeifer Dietmar , Warren John , Bremser Wolfram , Ellison Stephen , Toman Blaza , Nelson Michael , Huang Ting , Fajgelj Ales , Gören Ahmet , Mackay Lindsey , Wielgosz Robert 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe “purity” of an organic compound typically refers, in practice, to an assignment of the mass fraction content of the primary organic component present in the material. The “purity” value of an organic primary calibrator material is the ultimate source of metrological traceability of any quantitative measurement of the content of that compound in a given matrix. The primary calibrator may consist of a Certified Reference Material (CRM) whose purity has been assigned by the CRM producer or a laboratory may choose to value-assign a material to the extent necessary for their intended application by using appropriately valid methods. This report provides an overview of the approach, performance and applicability of the principal methods used to determine organic purity including mass balance, quantitative NMR, thermal methods and direct-assay techniques. A statistical section reviews best practice for combination of data, value assignment as the upper limit values corresponding to 100 % purity are approached and how to report and propagate the standard uncertainty associated with the assigned values.
Theoretical models for gas separation prediction of mixed matrix membranes: effects of the shape factor of nanofillers and interface voids
Authors: Chehrazi Ehsan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this work, a new model is developed by modifying the existing Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars (MWS) model to predict the gas separation properties of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). The new modified MWS model, for the first time, provides the simultaneous exploration of the role of nanofillers/matrix interface voids and the exact geometrical shape of nanofillers in predicting the gas separation properties of MMMs. To unveil the crucial role of nanofillers/matrix interface voids, a mixed matrix membrane is considered a three-component system composed of the polymer matrix as the continuous component, nanofillers as the dispersed component and the interface voids between the two components. Moreover, the new model elucidates the role of the exact ellipsoidal shape of nanofillers within the membrane on the gas separation of MMMs by considering the shape factor of nanofillers. The newly developed modified MWS model is accurately able to predict the gas permeation of MMMs with a lower average absolute relative error (%AARE) of around 8% compared with the around 30% for conventional models such as the Maxwell model, Bruggeman model, Lewis–Nielsen model and Pal model and even compared with the modified Maxwell model (∼24%).
The Cambridge structural database (CSD): important resources for teaching concepts in structural chemistry and intermolecular interactions
Authors: Tetteh Samuel 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) is a repository of all published organic and metal-organic crystal structures of small molecules. These compounds have been crystallized under different conditions and have variable bond parameters and molecular landscapes. Entries in the database therefore serve as real models that can be used to illustrate structural properties such as bond angles, bond distances, torsion angles and other intra- and intermolecular interactions. This paper illustrates how the CSD programs ConQuest and Mercury can be used to search the database for 3D molecular structures to teach concepts such as molecular geometry, symmetry and group theory, organometallic chemistry and intermolecular interactions involving hydrogen bonding and Full Interaction Maps (FIMs) to explore molecular landscapes for halogen bond interactions. Results obtained from these studies are beneficial to understand and predict crystal properties as well as the structural properties of molecules and ions in crystal environments.
The Arab Spring and Its Implications for FDI Inflows to the MENA Region
Authors: Ghazalian Pascal L. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Arab Spring (AS) marked an unprecedented event in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, and it generated political and economic uncertainties and triggered violent conflicts and political rifts. This paper empirically examines the short-run and long-run effects of the AS on foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows to the MENA region and to individual MENA countries. The empirical analysis is implemented through the generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator for dynamic panel models, using different empirical specifications. The benchmark results show that the AS has led to important reductions in FDI inflows to the MENA region. A more detailed empirical analysis reveals significant variations in the AS effects on FDI inflows across MENA countries and it underscores distinct patterns over different time periods. These findings imply that governments in the MENA region are required to maintain political stability, and to adopt distinctive policies that lessen the adverse implications of the AS and that set favorable conditions for FDI inflows in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era.
Resonant Column Testing Procedure for Microbial-Induced Carbonate-Precipitated Sands
Authors: Na Kyunguk , Cabas Ashly , Montoya Brina M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
One of the fundamental inputs to site response analysis is the characterization of the dynamic properties of the soil, namely the shear modulus and material damping ratio. Because of soil’s nonlinear behavior, these properties change with induced shear strains, and modulus reduction and damping (MRD) curves have been proposed to capture that cyclic shear strain dependency. Microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) is a natural cementation process that induces the precipitation of calcium carbonate, bonding soil particles together. Laboratory experiments have demonstrated that MICP can improve the mechanical behavior of soils and mitigate their liquefaction potential. However, MRD curves have not been developed for MICP-treated soils, which hinders further evaluations of their suitability as a ground improvement technique for geotechnical earthquake engineering applications. To the best of our knowledge, this paper provides the first empirical study measuring the shear strain–dependent dynamic properties of MICP-treated sands for different cementation levels (i.e., lightly to heavily cemented). Outcomes from this work include empirical models of the maximum shear modulus and minimum shear strain damping ratio of MICP-treated clean sands and the corresponding mean MRD curves. The experimental program includes MICP-treated specimens of Ottawa 20-30 sand tested with a resonant column (RC) device incorporating a modified RC porous disk that (1) minimizes the disturbance between treatment and installation of MICP-treated samples prior to being tested in the RC device, (2) prevents slippage between the specimen and the modified RC porous disk during RC shearing, and (3) enables repeatability of the MICP-treated sample preparation. We find that the level of cementation influences the MRD curves of MICP-treated sands. Linear elastic and volumetric shear strain thresholds for MICP-treated sands are smaller than those for untreated sands, whereas the initial shear modulus for treated soils is larger than its counterpart for untreated sands.
An fMRI-Based Brain Marker of Individual Differences in Delay Discounting
Authors: Koban Leonie , Lee Sangil , Schelski Daniela S. , Simon Marie-Christine , Lerman Caryn , Weber Bernd , Kable Joseph W. , Plassmann Hilke 
Published: January 2023

Individual differences in delay discounting—how much we discount future compared to immediate rewards—are associated with general life outcomes, psychopathology, and obesity. Here, we use machine learning on fMRI activity during an intertemporal choice task to develop a functional brain marker of these individual differences in human adults. Training and cross-validating the marker in one dataset (Study 1,N = 110 male adults) resulted in a significant prediction–outcome correlation (r = 0.49), generalized to predict individual differences in a completely independent dataset (Study 2:N = 145 male and female adults,r = 0.45), and predicted discounting several weeks later. Out-of-sample responses of the functional brain marker, but not discounting behavior itself, differed significantly between overweight and lean individuals in both studies, and predicted fasting-state blood levels of insulin, c-peptide, and leptin in Study 1. Significant predictive weights of the marker were found in cingulate, insula, and frontoparietal areas, among others, suggesting an interplay among regions associated with valuation, conflict processing, and cognitive control. This new functional brain marker is a step toward a generalizable brain model of individual differences in delay discounting. Future studies can evaluate it as a potential transdiagnostic marker of altered decision-making in different clinical and developmental populations.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPeople differ substantially in how much they prefer smaller sooner rewards or larger later rewards such as spending money now versus saving it for retirement. These individual differences are generally stable over time and have been related to differences in mental and bodily health. What is their neurobiological basis? We applied machine learning to brain-imaging data to identify a novel brain activity pattern that accurately predicts how much people prefer sooner versus later rewards, and which can be used as a new brain-based measure of intertemporal decision-making in future studies. The resulting functional brain marker also predicts overweight and metabolism-related blood markers, providing new insight into the possible links between metabolism and the cognitive and brain processes involved in intertemporal decision-making.