bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunologic Rejection of Mammary Adenocarcinoma (TA3-St) in C57BL/6 Mice: Participation of Neutrophils and Activated Macrophages with Fibrin Formation
Authors: Dvorak Ann M. , Connell Anne B. , Proppe Karl , Dvorak Harold F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The ultrastructural cellular kinetics of an in vivo model of immunologic rejection was studied with the strain-specific TA3-St mammary adenocarcinoma in C57BL/6 mice. The peritoneal cavity of tumor-challenged mice had numerous neutrophils, a few lymphocytes, and normal macrophages at early times after challenge. Neutrophils formed contacts with viable tumor cells, remained viable, nonphagocytic, and did not extrude their cytoplasmic granules. Tumor cells so contacted showed morphologic evidence of cell injury followed by cell death. Later times after tumor challenge showed numerous activated macrophages rapidly phagocytosing tumor debris resulting in complete elimination of tumor at 24 hr. These macrophage aggregates had numerous elongated interdigitated villi and a prominent fibrin meshwork associated with their processes and cell surfaces.
The findings in this study demonstrate the morphologic participation of neutrophils in tumor rejection with the later participation of phagocytic, activated macrophages whose surfaces were covered with fibrin. The mechanism for attraction and binding of neutrophils to target tumor cells is not known. Possible similarities to the recently described role for neutrophils in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity should be considered. The mechanism of tumor killing by neutrophils was not apparent by ultrastructural analysis since extrusion of cytoplasmic granules was not present. Release of potent cytotoxic materials from these cells by other anatomic routes is postulated. Activated macrophages participated primarily as scavengers of dead tumor. The significance of their surface-associated fibrin meshwork requires further study.
Isolation and Characterization of Naturally Occurring Subclasses of Human Peripheral Blood T Cells with Regulatory Functions
Authors: Strelkauskas Anthony J. , Schauf Victoria , Wilson Barry S. , Chess Leonard , Schlossman Stuart F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
By utilizing naturally occurring autoimmune antibodies from patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, we have isolated and functionally characterized two unique subpopulations of T cells. JRA + T cells, i.e., those identified by sera from these patients, react poorly in response to allogeneic cells, respond to Con A but not PHA, and do not help in the synthesis and secretion of Ig by B cells. In contrast, JRA- T cells, i.e., those not identified by sera from these patients, respond very well to allogeneic cells, proliferate well in response to PHA but not Con A, and more interestingly, can greatly enhance the secretion of Ig by B cells.
Suppressor Cell Activity in Tumor-Bearing Mice
Authors: Elgert Klaus D. , Farrar William L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Spleen cells from mice bearing methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcomas impaired mitogen responses of normal syngeneic lymphocytes. Nylon wool column and other depletion techniques were utilized to characterize the cellular source of suppressive activity in tumor-bearing host (TBH) spleens. Evidence is presented for two distinct suppressor cell systems operating in the spleens, but not lymph nodes, of BALB/c mice bearing transplanted tumors. Spleens from TBH were shown to have greatly increased numbers of macrophages over their normal counterparts. TBH macrophages were observed to have suppressive activity at low in vitro concentrations. Anti-Thy 1 serum treatment of TBH macrophages abrogated low dose inhibition but not suppression due to high numbers of macrophages. No functional difference was detected between anti-Thy 1 serum-treated TBH and normal splenic macrophages. In a macrophage-depleted culture system, mildly nylon wool adherent, anti-Thy 1 serum, and hydrocortisone succinate-sensitive suppressor cells could be detected. Soluble supernatant products of TBH spleen and thymus cells were also found to inhibit in vitro mitogen responses, whereas TBH macrophages and lymph node cells demonstrated no soluble suppressive activity. The major source of soluble inhibitor of DNA synthesis (IDS) seems to be an anti-Thy 1 serum, hydrocortisone-sensitive population.
Imbalances in T Cell Subpopulations in Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Authors: Santoli Daniela , Moretta Lorenzo , Lisak Robert , Gilden Donald , Koprowski Hilary 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Abnormal proportions of a distinct T cell subpopulation able to bind IgG immune complexes (T.G cells) were found in peripheral blood samples from patients with MS. About 50% of the patients examined had an overabundance of T.G cells. The possible role of these cells in the pathogenesis of MS is considered.
The Modulation of the Alternative Pathway of Complement in C2-Deficient Human Serum by Changes in Concentration of the Component and Control Proteins
Authors: Nydegger Urs E. , Fearon Douglas T. , Austen K. Frank 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The opposing actions of component and regulatory proteins of the alternative pathway of C on activation of the sequence were demonstrated in C2-deficient serum utilizing two initiating particles and incremental additions of proteins purified to homogeneity. Activation of the alternative pathway in C2-deficient serum by zymosan was assessed by measurement of the inactivation of C3 and B, while activation by rabbit erythrocytes (ER) was measured by their lysis. Participation of the classical C-component sequence was excluded by the presence of Mg-EGTA and by the failure of reconstitution of C2 to have a measurable effect. Incremental additions of either purified C3bINA or β1H, which increased the serum concentrations of the proteins by 43% to 175% or 15% to 30%, respectively, produced dose-related suppression of zymosan-induced B and C3 inactivation throughout the 45 min period of observation. Additions of either C3 or B to C2-deficient serum so as to increase their concentrations by 35% reversed the combined 50%-inhibitory effect of added C3bINA and β1H on the zymosan-induced inactivation of C3 and B. Dose-dependent inhibition of the rate and extent of lysis of ER in C2-deficient serum was obtained with increases of C3bINA concentrations of 25 to 100% and of β1H concentrations of 12.5 to 50%. As little as a 25% increase in the concentration of B increased the rate of lysis of ER in C2-deficient serum and partially reversed the inhibitory effect of the combined addition of C3bINA and β1H. Thus, the disequilibrium between component and control proteins of the alternative pathway created by the surface of an activating particle, that permits transition to the amplification phase of C3 cleavage, can be modulated by alterations in the concentrations of these proteins. Modest increases in the concentrations of C3bINA and β1H served to maintain balance, whereas comparable augmentations in the concentrations of C3 and B facilitated activation by the initiating particle.
Isolation and Characterization of a Rabbit T Lymphocyte-Specific Antigen
Authors: Navran James E. , Archer Stanley J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Rabbit T lymphocytes may be differentiated from B lymphocytes by the presence of a T lymphocyte-specific surface antigen. This unique antigen has been extracted from the plasma membrane of rabbit thymocytes by 3 M KCl. The presence of the antigen in the membrane extract was demonstrated by inhibition of cytotoxicity with goat anti-rabbit T cell serum (ATS). The crude membrane extract was fractionated by gel electrophoresis and the fractions containing the T cell antigen identified by inhibition of cytotoxic ATS and by passive hemagglutination. The purified T cell antigen was found to have a m.w. of approximately 12,000 and contained approximately 2.5% carbohydrate. Evidence was also obtained to suggest that the rabbit T cell antigen exists in multiple forms, each having the same m.w. but exhibiting different electrophoretic characteristics.
Immunologic Factors Influencing the Intra-tumor Localization of ADCC Effector Cells
Authors: Haskill Stephen , Parthenais Elaine 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The role of cellular and humoral immunity in the localization of blood-borne, bone marrow-derived ADCC effector cells into the T1699 mammary adenocarcinoma was investigated. Administration of ALG before tumor inoculation caused total immunosuppression and resulted in minimal in situ inflammation. ALG treatment started at the time of tumor inoculation suppressed the delayed hypersensitivity response below a detectable level but permitted a significant antibody response. Under these circumstances, the localization of ADCC effector cells into the tumors appeared normal. Similarly, administration of ALG at later stages of tumor growth, where ALG acts as an anti-inflammatory agent, did not interfere with the normal infiltration of ADCC effector cells in situ, although the delayed hypersensitivity response was totally suppressed. When melphalan treatment was used to produce tumor-bearing mice with an intact delayed hypersensitivity response but devoid of a significant antibody response, the drug-treated animals were found to have high levels of ADCC effector cells in situ. These results demonstrate that although the in situ inflammatory reaction appears to be immunologically dependent, neither the delayed hypersensitivity nor the antibody response is solely responsible for the localization of ADCC effector cells in the T1699 mammary tumor.
Differential Cytotoxic Effect of Natural Thymocytotoxic Autoantibody of NZB Mice on Functional Subsets of T Cells
Authors: Shirai Toshikazu , Hayakawa Kyoko , Okumura Ko , Tada Tomio 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The effect of the natural thymocytotoxic autoantibody (NTA) of NZB mice on the functional T cell subsets was studied in an in vitro secondary antibody response. Dinitrophenylated keyhole limpet hemocyanin (DNP-KLH)-primed BALB/c spleen cells were treated with appropriate dilutions of NTA and complement, and then stimulated with DNP-KLH. Whereas the cytotoxic treatment of DNP-KLH-primed spleen cells with a low dilution of NTA and complement slightly suppressed the anti-DNP antibody response, the treatment at a higher dilution resulted in a significant enhancement of the antibody response. The enhancement was found due to the selective elimination of a part of T cells including suppressor T cells, which were more sensitive to NTA than helper T cells. This was confirmed by an experiment in which KLH-primed spleen cells were treated with appropriate dilutions of NTA and complement and then co-cultured with DNP-KLH-primed B cells resulting in a marked enhancement of the anti-DNP antibody response. The treatment of KLH-primed spleen cells with NTA in the same manner resulted in the loss of activity of the extractable antigen-specific suppressive T cell factor (TsF). Both antigen-specific helper T cells and memory B cells were found to be highly resistant to the cytotoxicity of NTA. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analyses revealed that the cytotoxic treatment of splenic T cells with NTA with an appropriate dilution selectively eliminated the T cells bearing a high density of NTA-reactive antigen. These results suggest that NTA is responsible for the selective loss of the suppressor T cell function that appears early in life in New Zealand mice and plays, at least in part, a causative role in the development of autoimmune diseases.
Structure and Function of Immunoglobulin Domains
Authors: Barnett Foster Debora E. , Dorrington Keith J. , Painter Robert H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The ability of various fragments of human myeloma IgG1 to inhibit rosette formation between human anti-D-coated human red blood cells and human polymorphonuclear leukocytes has been investigated. Although IgG and Fc showed a dose-dependent inhibition of rosettes at equimolar concentrations, neither of the fragments corresponding to the Cγ2 and Cγ3 homology regions obtained by acid-tryptic cleavage of Fc was able to inhibit rosette formation. The pepsin fragment of Fc, pFc′, which represents the complete Cγ3 domain, was also unable to prevent rosette formation. Reduction and alkylation of IgG or Fc markedly diminished cytophilic activity as measured by this system. These data indicate that the site in human IgG1 bound by granulocytes is dependent on the full quaternary structure of Fc, a requirement in marked contrast to that noted for binding by macrophages and monocytes.
Suppression of Polyclonal B Cell Activation in Scrapieinfected C3H/HeJ Mice
Authors: Garfin David E. , Stites Daniel P. , Zitnik Louise A. , Prusiner Stanley B. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A consistent modification in B lymphocyte activation has been observed 1 month after infection of C3H/HeJ mice with scrapie. The mitogenic response to lipopolysaccharide of splenocyte cultures from experimental mice was reduced 30 to 60% as compared to controls. This reduction in mitogen responsiveness was transient but coincided with the onset of detectable splenomegaly and with the reported recovery of maximum yield of infectious scrapie agent in the spleen. The DNA synthetic response to lipopolysaccharide stimulation of splenocytes from scrapie-infected C3H/HeJ mice was depressed relative to controls only between 20 and 40 days after intracerebral inoculation. At all other times, experimental and control responses were identical. Scrapieassociated decreases in mitogenesis were found whether the spleen cell cultures contained splenocytes from individual mice, splenocytes pooled from several mice, or gradient-purified mononuclear cells. The responses of C3H/HeJ splenocyte cultures to phytohemagglutinin or concanavalin A stimulation were unaffected by scrapie infection.
Regulation of IgE Antibody Production by Serum Molecules
Authors: Katz David H. , Tung Amar S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
IgE antibody production in mice of high and low IgE responder phenotypes, respectively, can be appreciably enhanced in magnitude after low dose whole body X-irradiation. Such enhanced responses, as well as adoptive secondary IgE responses, can be markedly suppressed by passive transfer of CFA-immune serum in low responder strains, but not in high responder strains. The studies presented here demonstrate that the suppressive activity of CFA-immune serum on IgE antibody production is strain specific. This is true even in reciprocal combinations of low IgE responder SJL and C57BL/6 mice, in which it was shown that serum capable of suppressing mice of the isologous strain was ineffective in diminishing IgE antibody production in the other low responder strain. Absence of suppressive activity in CFA-immune sera obtained from H-2 congenic donors which differed in their H-2 haplotypes while sharing many similarities in the background genome and, conversely, effective suppressive activity of H-2 congenic donor sera when H-2-identities between donor and recipient mice existed, strongly suggested a role, at least in part, of H-2 genes in dictating the strain specificity of such suppressive activity. Additional experiments provided evidence for a possible role of macrophages in catabolism of the active molecules in CFA-immune sera. These observations, together with those presented in the preceding paper, may provide valuable insight toward successful development of appropriate manipulations that could ultimately convert high IgE responder individuals into low responders.
Relationship of Expression of a Cell-Surface Antigen on Activated Murine Macrophages to Tumor Cell Cytotoxicity
Authors: Kaplan Alan M. , Bear Harry D. , Kirk Louise , Cummins Cecil , Mohanakumar T. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A cell surface antigen (AMøCSA) associated with activated macrophages was induced in vivo on murine peritoneal macrophages by pyran copolymer or Corynebacterium parvum but not by glycogen or thioglycollate. The antigen was detected by complement-dependent cytotoxicity by using an appropriately absorbed rabbit antiserum to the P388D1 macrophage cell line. Antigen was detectable on 90 to 100% of peritoneal macrophages 6 hr after i.p. inoculation of pyran or C. parvum and gradually declined to background levels, both with respect to the number of positive cells and the amount of antigen per cell, by 30 days after induction. Activated macrophages treated with pronase but not trypsin, neuraminidase, or β-galactosidase were no longer susceptible to lysis with AMøCSA-specific antiserum and C, but they could still be lysed with an antiserum directed to an organ-specific macrophage antigen shared by both normal and activated macrophages. Studies with four bacterial vaccines, Propionibacterium acnes, type I; two strains of P. acnes, type II, and P. granulosum have indicated that only two vaccines, P. acnes, type I and one strain of P. acnes, type II, could induce: a) regression of the MCA 2182 fibrosarcoma when inoculated intralesionally, b) splenomegaly, and c) peritoneal macrophages cytotoxic to tumor cells in vitro. The new antigen associated with activated macrophages was only detectable on macrophages activated by the two vaccines, P. acnes, types I and II, that induced functionally activated cells. These results are consistent with the induction of a new cell-surface antigen associated with activated but not with normal or elicited macrophages.
Genetic Control of the Immune Response to Phage fd
Authors: Kölsch Eckehart , Falkenberg Frank W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The immune response to bacteriophage fd has been tested in congenic resistant strains of mice. B10 mice are high responders; B10.BR and B10.D2 mice are low responders. B10.A mice with the recombinant H-2a haplotype as well as heterozygous H-2k/d (B10.BR × B10.D2) F1 mice respond with high antibody titers, indicating the existence of two complementing Ir genes. From the results obtaiend with recombinant and F1 hybrid mice, Irfdα can be localized to the right of the crossover between the IE and IC subregions, Irfdα to the left of IB, presumably at IA. Complementation is observed with selected pairs of alleles only, suggesting α-β coupled complementation.
Low responsiveness of B10.A(2R) and (B10.A × B10.A(2R)) F1 mice is caused by a specific suppressor gene located at the Db subregion. This suppressor gene is active only with selected Irfdβ alleles.
In addition to genes in the H-2 complex, there are non-H-2 background genes modulating H-2 regulated anti-fd response.
B10.BR mice lack primary IgM and IgG antibodies, yet are able to mount a secondary IgG anti-fd response, giving evidence for intact memory formation in this low responder strain.
The combined data are most easily interpreted by assuming that both H-2 and non-H-2-genes modulate the effective immunogenic dose of antigen.
Separation and Partial Characterization of a Type-Specific Antigen from Chlamydia Trachomatis
Authors: Sacks David L. , Rota Teresa R. , MacDonald A. Bruce 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Type-specific antigens of Chlamydia trachomatis have been demonstrated by the mouse toxicity prevention test and a variety of immunofluorescent techniques. In addition, biologic activity has been associated with these antigens in terms of type-specific immunity to trachoma infections. This report is the first to describe the detection of a soluble type-specific antigen of C. trachomatis and its separation from those antigens that cross-react among different immunotypes. Test antigens were prepared by labeling the surface components of purified, yolk sac grown organisms with a radioiodinated intermediate (Bolton-Hunter reagent, 125I). The organisms were solubilized with Triton X-100 and gel filtered through Sepharose 6B. All fractions were then tested in radioimmunoassay for binding with rabbit antisera raised against solubilized immunogens prepared from homologous and heterologous strain organisms propagated in BHK-21 cells. A fraction demonstrating homologous binding only was used in subsequent modified procedures for the preparation of quantities of type-specific antigen sufficient for analysis. The antigen appears to be a heat labile, cell surface protein associated with apparent immunogenic activity during the course of actual chlamydial eye infection.
A Specific Indicator for Mouse Lymphocyte C3b Receptors
Authors: Linscott William D. , Ranken Raymond 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
IgM-sensitized sheep E bearing guinea pig C4 and C3b (EAC43bgp) react as strongly with mouse spleen cell C3b receptors as do optimally prepared EACmo. Yet, when the C3b is converted to C3d by incubation with heated serum at low ionic strength, reactivity with mouse spleen cells is completely lost whereas binding to guinea pig spleen cells remains high. It is concluded on the basis of this and other evidence that EAC43bgp are a sensitive and specific indicator for mouse lymphocyte C3b receptors. Degradation of the C3b on these cells will not cause misleading binding to C3d receptors, as could occur with cells bearing mouse C3b.
Low Density of Thy 1 Antigen on Mouse Effector Cells Mediating Natural Cytotoxicity Against Tumor Cells
Authors: Herberman Ronald B. , Nunn Myrthel E. , Holden Howard T. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mouse effector cells mediating natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity against tumor cells were found to contain a low density of Thy 1 antigen. Treatment of nude spleen cells, or spleen cells from mice in which natural reactivity was boosted, with anti-Thy 1.2 plus complement resulted in a substantial decrease in cytotoxicity. The spontaneous cytotoxic reactivity of young, thymus-bearing mice was resistant to such treatment, but repeated exposure to anti-Thy 1.2 plus complement did cause a decrease in lytic activity. By use of congenic anti-Thy 1.2 and effector cells from mice congenic for Thy 1, the effects of the treatment were shown to be specific for Thy 1.2 antigen.
Characteristics of BALB/C T Cell Lymphomas Grown As Continuous in Vitro Lines
Authors: Kim Kyung Jin , Weinbaum Fredric I. , Mathieson Bonnie J. , McKeever Paul E. , Asofsky Richard 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Transplanted lymphomas (Thy 1.2+, Ig-) of BALB/c mice, induced by the injection of 1-ethyl-1-nitrosourea, were adapted for growth as in vitro lines to provide potential tools for investigation of T lymphocyte differentiation and functions. All these tissue culture lines maintained the same pattern of surface differentiation antigens (Ly, TL, and Thy-1 antigens) as they had expressed during in vivo passages: BALENTL 13 was Thy 1.2+, TL.2-, and Ly 1+2-. BALENTL 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 14 were Thy 1.2+, TL.2+, and Ly 1-2+. P1798 and BALENTL 9 were Thy 1.2+, TL.2+, and Ly 1+2+. There were various levels of terminal transferase activity present among these T cell tumor lines. The range of variation was from 4.6 units/108 cells to 29.3 units/108 cells (normal thymocytes, 5.0 units/108 cells). This 6-fold variation in TdT activity was present even among those cell lines which were Ly 1-2+, TL+.
Most culture lines had chromosome numbers near 40 and generation times of 11 to 22 hr. There were no significant morphologic changes after the adaptation of these tumors in culture except an increase in cytoplasmic C-type virus particles.