bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying the fungal diseases of African Yam Bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa[Hochst ex. A. Rich.] Harms) and their occurrence in South-West Nigeria
Authors: Oyedele Temitope , Kehinde Iyabo , Atanda Habeeb Yinka , Oyelakin Abiodun , Popoola Tope , Mur Luis A. J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSphenostylis stenocarpa,commonly known as African yam bean (AYB), is an orphan crop with high nutritional properties but low yield production due to diseases. Hence, this study accessed the diversity and pathogenicity of fungi associated with AYB in Southwest (SW) Nigeria as a model area of cultivation. The incidence of fungi infecting AYB were surveyed in Oyo, Ondo, Ekiti, Osun, and Ogun states within SW Nigeria during 2018 planting season. The common field symptoms across all sites were tiny spot, brown spot, leaf blight, brown spot with yellow halo, necrotic lesion, and brown spot on pods. A total of 1005 fungi were isolated from leaf and pod samples, and identified morphologically on pure cultures asAspergillussp, Botrytissp, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Curvularia lunata, Trichoderma harzianum, Macrophomina phaseolina, Pestalotiasp, Phomasp,Fusarium verticillioides, F. oxysporum, F. solani,Botryodiplodia theobromae, andChoanephora curcubitarium and Nigrospora spp. Phomasp andC. gleosporoideshad highest frequency of occurrence 69.9% and 51.9% at early and mature stages, respectively. To conform to Koch’s postulates, the pathogenicities of 12 exemplar strains of the most abundant fungal species were confirmed in controlled glasshouse tests. The identities ofColletotrichumsp.,Aspergillussp., Didymellasp., Pestalopsissp,Lasiodiplodia theobromae,F. solaniandF. oxysporumwere confirmed based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing and comparisons with the Genbank database. AYB germplasm from curated seed banks and farmer donated landraces were grown at the same site in 2020 and identical fungi were isolated. Further, genotypes with reduced disease incidences and incidences were identified. This first study to reveal the diversity of fungi associated with AYB in SW Nigeria that could inform disease management practices.
Dietary risk factors for monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance in a racially diverse population
Authors: Joseph Janine M. , Hillengass Jens , Tang Li , Lesokhin Alexander M. , Landgren Ola , Usmani Saad Z. , Moysich Kirsten B. , McCann Susan E. , Shah Urvi A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMonoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) – a precursor of multiple myeloma – is associated with shorter lifespan and cardiac, renal, neurologic, and immune-related comorbidities. There is little known about modifiable risk factors for this condition. To determine if risk of MGUS is associated with dietary factors in a racially diverse population, we conducted a United States population-based case-control study from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-2004), which included 373 individuals with MGUS and 1,406 matched controls. Diet was characterized by one 24-hour dietary recall, with gram intake of individual foods and beverages aggregated into groups. Unconditional multivariable logistic regressions were used to model associations between intake of several food groups and MGUS, with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) reported for the highest relative to the lowest quantile of intake. Daily gram intake of several food and beverage groups were significantly associated with MGUS. MGUS was inversely associated with whole-grain bread, oats, and rice (OR 0.70; 95% CI 0.48-1.00;P<0.05), fruits (excluding juice) and vegetables (OR 0.69; 95% CI 0.52-0.93;P=0.02), vegetables (OR 0.75; 95% CI 0.56-0.99;P<0.05), tomatoes (OR 0.72; 95% CI 0.51-1.00;P<0.05), and cruciferous vegetables (OR 0.44; 95% CI 0.26-0.74;P<0.01). Direct associations were observed for sugar-sweetened beverages (OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.00-1.78;P<0.05), sugar-sweetened soft drinks (OR 1.41; 95% CI 1.01-1.96;P=0.04), and artificially sweetened soft drinks (OR 1.55; 95% CI 1.04-2.33;P=0.03). Our study shows that diet is potentially a modifiable risk factor for MGUS.
Non-invasive estimation of pressure drop across aortic coarctations: validation of 0D and 3D computational models within vivomeasurements
Authors: Nair Priya J. , Pfaller Martin R. , Dual Seraina A. , McElhinney Doff B. , Ennis Daniel B. , Marsden Alison L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeBlood pressure gradient (ΔP) across an aortic coarctation (CoA) is an important measurement to diagnose CoA severity and gauge treatment efficacy. Invasive cardiac catheterization is currently the gold-standard method for measuring blood pressure. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy ofΔP estimates derived non-invasively using patient-specific 0D and 3D deformable wall simulations.MethodsMedical imaging and routine clinical measurements were used to create patient-specific models of patients with CoA (N=17). 0D simulations were performed first and used to tune boundary conditions and initialize 3D simulations.ΔP across the CoA estimated using both 0D and 3D simulations were compared to invasive catheter-based pressure measurements for validation.ResultsThe 0D simulations were extremely efficient (∼15 secs computation time) compared to 3D simulations (∼30 hrs computation time on a cluster). However, the 0DΔP estimates, unsurprisingly, had larger mean errors when compared to catheterization than 3D estimates (12.1±9.9 mmHg vs 5.3±5.4 mmHg). In particular, the 0D model performance degraded in cases where the CoA was adjacent to a bifurcation. The 0D model classified patients with severe CoA requiring intervention (defined asΔP≥20 mmHg) with 76% accuracy and 3D simulations improved this to 88%.ConclusionOverall, a combined approach, using 0D models to efficiently tune and launch 3D models, offers the best combination of speed and accuracy for non-invasive classification of CoA severity.
Cas9 is mostly orthogonal to human systems of DNA break sensing and repair
Authors: Maltseva Ekaterina A. , Vasil’eva Inna A. , Moor Nina A. , Kim Daria V. , Dyrkheeva Nadezhda S. , Kutuzov Mikhail M. , Vokhtantsev Ivan P. , Kulishova Lilya M. , Zharkov Dmitry O. , Lavrik Olga I. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCRISPR/Cas9 system is а powerful gene editing tool based on the RNA-guided cleavage of target DNA. The Cas9 activity can be modulated by proteins involved in DNA damage signalling and repair due to their interaction with double- and single-strand breaks (DSB and SSB, respectively) generated by wild-type Cas9 or Cas9 nickases. Here we address the interplay betweenStreptococcus pyogenesCas9 and key DNA repair factors, including poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (SSB/DSB sensor), its closest homolog poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 2, Ku antigen (DSB sensor), DNA ligase I (SSB sensor), replication protein A (DNA duplex destabilizer), and Y-box binding protein 1 (RNA/DNA binding protein). None of those significantly affected Cas9 activity, while Cas9 efficiently shielded DSBs and SSBs from their sensors. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of Cas9 detected for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 2 had no apparent effect on the activity.In cellulo, Cas9-dependent gene editing was independent of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1. Thus, Cas9 can be regarded as an enzyme mostly orthogonal to the natural regulation of human systems of DNA break sensing and repair.
Autoantibodies against eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 delta (EEF1D) in two patients with autoimmune cerebellar ataxia
Authors: Guo Liyuan , Ren Haitao , Fan Siyuan , Chao Xingchen , Liu Mange , Guan Hongzhi , Wang Jing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo report a novel autoantibody against eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 delta (EEF1D) in two patients with autoimmune cerebellar ataxia (ACA). The patients on one center with cerebellar ataxia of unknown cause, who were tested positive with tissue-based indirect immunofluorescence assay (TBA) on rat cerebellum sections and negative for comprehensive anti-neural autoantibodies panel, were investigated for novel autoantibody identification. Tissue-immunoprecipitation (TIP) combined with mass spectrometric (MS) analysis was used to identify the target antigen. The EEF1D protein was identified from complex precipitated by serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of one patient, while the specific binding of autoantibodies and EEF1D were confirmed by subsequent neutralization experiment, recombinant cell-based indirect immunofluorescence assay (CBA) and western blot. In consequently test using CBA, another anti-EEF1D positive ACA patient was identified and confirmed by western blot. All enrolled 30 health doners and 15 connective tissue diseases patients without neurological disorders were anti-EEF1D negative. The two anti-EEF1D positive patients presented similar clinical manifestations, their outcomes supported the effectiveness of immunotherapy, but the cerebellar atrophy occurred before treatment may be irreversible. Symptoms of one patient worsened again after the weaning of pulse corticosteroid therapy. The identification of anti-EEF1D autoantibody provides a new potential biomarker for early diagnosis and recurrence prevention of ACA.
Myeloid A20 is critical for type-2 immune mediated helminth resistance
Authors: Petta Ioanna , Thorp Marie , Ciers Maarten , Blancke Gillian , Boon Louis , Meese Tim , Van Nieuwenburgh Filip , Wullaert Andy , Grencis Richard , Elewaut Dirk , van Loo Geert , Vereecke Lars 
Published: September 2023

AbstractProtective immunity against intestinal helminths requires induction of robust Type-2 immunity orchestrated by various cellular and soluble effectors which promote goblet cell hyperplasia, mucus production, epithelial proliferation and smooth muscle contractions to expel worms and reestablish immune homeostasis. Conversely, defects in type-2 immunity result in ineffective helminth clearance, persistent infection and chronic inflammation. We identify A20 as an essential myeloid factor for the induction of type-2 immune responses against the intestinal parasiteTrichuris muris. Myeloid cell-specific loss of A20 in mice (A20myel-KO) results in chronicTrichuris murisinfection and intestinal inflammation. Myeloid A20 deficient mice are not able to induce anti-helmith type-2 immune responses while instead mount detrimental Th1/Th17 polarized immune responses. Antibody-mediated neutralization of the type-1 cytokines IFNγ, IL18 and IL12 prevents Th1/Th17 polarization and reestablishes Type-2 mediated protective immunity againstTrichuris murisin A20myel-KOmice. In contrast, the strong Th1/Th17 biased immunity in A20myel-KOmice offers protection againstSalmonellainfection. We hereby identify A20 as an essential myeloid factor to initiate approriate adaptive immunity in response to infection, and to induce a balanced type-2 immune response against the intestinal parasiteTrichuris muris.Graphical abstractThe clearance of gastrointestinal helmiths depends on type-2 immunity. Helminths interact with and damage intestinal tissue, which leads to the release of intracellular DAMPs and cytokines such as TSLP and IL33, and IL25 produced by epithelial cells. These factors may activate myeloid cells and ILC’s, which further activate T and B cells to mount effective Th2 responses and the secretion of IL4, IL5 and IL13 cytokines, as well as helminth-specific IgG1 immunoglobulins, leading to effective expulsion of the helminths. Deletion of A20 in the myeloid cells leads to enhanced secretion of type-1 cytokines, including IL12, IL18 and IFNγ, which impede type-2 immune-mediated helminth clearance and promotes chronic intestinal inflammation.
Parental dietary vitamin B12 causes intergenerational growth acceleration and protects offspring from pathogenic microsporidia and bacteria
Authors: Willis Alexandra R. , Zhao Winnie , Sukhdeo Ronesh , Burton Nicholas O. , Reinke Aaron W. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe parental environment ofC. eleganscan have lasting effects on progeny development and immunity. Vitamin B12 exposure inC. eleganshas been shown to accelerate development and to reduce killing caused by pathogenicPseudomonas aeruginosa. Vitamin B12 is also maternally transferred to offspring, suggesting a potential role in progeny development. However, the intergenerational effects of vitamin B12 inC. elegansremain uncharacterized. Here, we show that parental exposure to dietary vitamin B12 or vitamin B12-producing bacteria results in offspring with accelerated growth. We find that this inherited acceleration phenotype is vitamin B12 dose-dependent and persists for a single generation. Progeny from vitamin B12 treated parents display reduced levels of the acdh-1 dietary sensor in the earliest larval stages, with expression of this protein recovering into adulthood. During infection withNematocida parisii, a natural microsporidian pathogen, the offspring of worms fed vitamin B12 diets have better reproductive fitness. However, vitamin B12 diet does not affect offspring infection levels, suggesting that accelerated development provides tolerance to microsporidian infection. Offspring from parents exposed to vitamin B12 are also protected from killing by pathogenicPseudomonas vranovensis. Vitamin B12-induced intergenerational growth acceleration andN. parisiitolerance is dependent upon the methionine biosynthesis pathway. However, protection fromP. vranovensiskilling is mediated through both the methionine biosynthesis and the propionyl-CoA breakdown pathways. Our results show how parental microbial diet impacts progeny development through the transfer of vitamin B12 which results in accelerated growth and pathogen tolerance.
Focal control of non-invasive deep brain stimulation using multipolar temporal interference
Authors: Botzanowski Boris , Acerbo Emma , Lehmann Sebastian , Kearsley Sarah L. , Steiner Melanie , Neufeld Esra , Missey Florian , Muller Lyle , Jirsa Viktor , Corneil Brian D. , Williamson Adam 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTemporal interference (TI) is a method of non-invasive brain stimulation using transcutaneous electrodes that allows the targeting and modulation of deeper brain structures, not normally associated with non-invasive simulation, while avoiding unwanted stimulation of shallower cortical structures. The properties of TI have been previously demonstrated, however, the problem of decoupling stimulation focality from stimulation intensity has not been addressed. In this paper, we provide a possible novel solution, multipolar TI (mTI), which allows increased independent control over both the size of the stimulated region and the stimulation intensity. The mTI method uses multiple carrier frequencies to create multiple overlapping amplitude-modulated envelopes, rather than using one envelope as in standard TI. The study presents an explanation of the concept of mTI along with experimental data gathered from Rhesus macaques and mice. We improved the focality at depth in anesthetized mice and monkeys, and using the new focality in awake monkeys, evoked targeted activity at depth in the superior colliculus. The mTI method could be an interesting and potentially useful new tool alongside other forms of non-invasive brain stimulation.Teaser: Multipolar Temporal Interference Stimulation can produce a more focal brain stimulation at depth compared to Temporal Interference.
Generative design approach to combine architected Voronoi foams with porous collagen scaffolds to create a tunable composite biomaterial
Authors: Dewey Marley J. , Chang Raul Sun Han , Nosatov Andrey V. , Janssen Katherine , Crotts Sarah J. , Hollister Scott J. , Harley Brendan A.C. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTRegenerative biomaterials for musculoskeletal defects must address multi-scale mechanical challenges. We are developing biomaterials for craniomaxillofacial bone defects that are often large and irregularly shaped. These require close conformal contact between implant and defect margins to aid healing. While we have identified a mineralized collagen scaffold that promotes mesenchymal stem cell osteogenic differentiationin vitroand bone formationin vivo,its mechanical performance is insufficient for surgical translation. We report a generative design approach to create scaffold-mesh composites by embedding a macro-scale polymeric Voronoi mesh into the mineralized collagen scaffold. The mechanics of architected foam reinforced composites are defined by a rigorous predictive moduli equation. We show biphasic composites localize strain during loading. Further, planar and 3D mesh-scaffold composites can be rapidly shaped to aid conformal fitting. Voronoi-based composites overcome traditional porosity-mechanics relationship limits while enabling rapid shaping of regenerative implants to conformally fit complex defects unique for individual patients.
Evolutionary diversity of the control of the azole response by Tra1 across yeast species
Authors: Nunes Librais Gabriela Marsiglio , Jiang Yuwei , Razzaq Iqra , Brandl Christopher J. , Shapiro Rebecca S. , Lajoie Patrick 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTTra1 is an essential co-activator protein of the yeast SAGA and NuA4 acetyltransferase complexes that regulate gene expression through multiple mechanisms including the acetylation of histone proteins. Tra1 is a pseudokinase of the PIKK family characterized by a C-terminal PI3K domain with no known kinase activity. However, mutations of specific arginine residues to glutamine in the PI3K domains (an allele termedtra1Q3) result in reduced growth and increased sensitivity to multiple stresses. In the opportunistic fungal pathogenCandida albicans, thetra1Q3allele reduces pathogenicity and increases sensitivity to the echinocandin antifungal drug caspofungin, which disrupts the fungal cell wall. Here, we found that loss of Tra1 function, in contrast to what is seen with caspofungin, increases tolerance to the azole class of antifungal drugs, which inhibits ergosterol synthesis. InC. albicans, tra1Q3increases expression of genes linked to azole resistance, such asERG11andCDR1. CDR1encodes a multidrug ABC transporter associated with efflux of multiple xenobiotics, including azoles. Consequently, cells carryingtra1Q3show reduced intracellular accumulation of fluconazole. In contrast, atra1Q3S. cerevisiaestrain displayed opposite phenotypes: decreased tolerance to azole, decreased expression of the efflux pumpPDR5and increased intracellular accumulation of fluconazole. Therefore, our data provide evidence that Tra1 differentially regulates the antifungal response across yeast species.
TO DETERMINE THE KNOWLEDGE OF MIDWIVES ON UTILIZATION OF PARTOGRAPH AT SELECTED HOSPITALS IN KENYA
Authors: kanyottu Mary wangeci , karonjo Jane , karani Anna 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPartograph is graphical tool presentation of key data during the progress of labor. The observations of the mother are interpreted by a midwife or an obstetrician to make conclusions to whether the condition of the mother and fetus is fine. This tool alerts the skilled birth attendants of pending risk of the mother or fetus through the observations and action taken without delay. Worldwide the Maternal Mortality Rate is 400/ 100,000 live births. A woman from developing world is 100 times more probable to die during pregnancy or child birth than a woman from a developed country. The purpose of the study is to develop a model to promote partograph utilization by midwives during management of mothers in labour in selected hospitals in Kenya so as to reduce Maternal Mortality rate related to delivery.
Cognition, physical function, and life purpose in the rural elderly population: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Morais Campos Hércules Lázaro , De Leon Elisa Brosina , de Souza Ingred Merllin Batista , Quialheiro Anna , de Oliveira Elizabete Regina Araújo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionAging in the rural setting world from the perspective of cognition, physical function, and life purpose, essential constructs for a prosperous old age, still needs to be better discussed. Thus, this systematic review protocol highlights the prevalence of cognitive decline, physical functioning, and life purpose in older adults aging in rural community settings. Methods and analysis: We will include cross-sectional studies published until April 2022 found in 8 databases: Embase, MEDLINE, LILACS, PsycINFO, Scopus, SciELO, and Web of Science. For the first selection of studies, the Ryyan software will be used, and to check the methodological quality and the risk of bias, we will use COSMIN. For the primary analysis, the titles and abstracts available in the search engine will be analyzed by the following MeSH descriptors “Physical functioning,”; “Cognition,”; “Cognitive function,”; “Life purpose,”; Personal satisfaction; Subjective well-being; “Elderly”; “Older”; “Rural aging”; “Rural population”; “Communities, rural”; “Distribution, rural spatial”; “Medium communities”; “Rural settlement”; “Small community”. If necessary, the secondary analysis will adopt a complete reading of the selected articles by two blinded reviewers and confirmed by a third person. Publication bias will be assessed using cross-sectional analytical study quality. Sensitivity analyses will be performed by retrieving one article at a time and analyzing their endpoints with the proposal to identify the manuscripts that significantly influenced the combined prevalence of the endpoints.Strengths and limitations of this studyIt will present worldwide epidemiological data on aging in rural settings from the perspective of cognition, physical functioning, and life purpose.It is the first systematic review that involves the theme of life purpose worldwide in rural elderly.It is a cross-sectional study that although it cannot describe clinical outcomes, presents sociodemographic, cognition, physical functioning, and life purpose data that can help in public health decision-making for this population.
Deep learning on electronic medical records identifies distinct subphenotypes of diabetic kidney disease driven by genetic variations in theRhopathway
Authors: Paranjpe Ishan , Wang Xuan , Anandakrishnan Nanditha , Haydak Jonathan C. , Van Vleck Tielman , DeFronzo Stefanie , Li Zhengzhe , Mendoza Anthony , Liu Ruijie , Fu Jia , Forrest Iain , Zhou Weibin , Lee Kyung , O’Hagan Ross , Dellepiane Sergio , Menon Kartikeya M. , Gulamali Faris , Kamat Samir , Gusella Gabriele Luca , Charney Alexander W. , Hofer Ira , Cho Judy H. , Do Ron , Glicksberg Benjamin S , He John C. , Nadkarni Girish N. , Azeloglu Evren U. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractKidney disease affects 50% of all diabetic patients; however, prediction of disease progression has been challenging due to inherent disease heterogeneity. We use deep learning to identify novel genetic signatures prognostically associated with outcomes. Using autoencoders and unsupervised clustering of electronic health record data on 1,372 diabetic kidney disease patients, we establish two clusters with differential prevalence of end-stage kidney disease. Exome-wide associations identify a novel variant inARHGEF18,a Rho guanine exchange factor specifically expressed in glomeruli. Overexpression ofARHGEF18in human podocytes leads to impairments in focal adhesion architecture, cytoskeletal dynamics, cellular motility, and RhoA/Rac1 activation. Mutant GEF18 is resistant to ubiquitin mediated degradation leading to pathologically increased protein levels. Our findings uncover the first known disease-causing genetic variant that affects protein stability of a cytoskeletal regulator through impaired degradation, a potentially novel class of expression quantitative trait loci that can be therapeutically targeted.