bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real‐world drug survival of Brodalumab, in patients with psoriasis switched from Ixekizumab: Results of a single centre retrospective study (BroSwitch)
Authors: Bethlem Jolijn C. , Janssens Jenny A. H. M. , Tjioe Milan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundBiologicals are a widely used treatment for psoriasis (PsO), however, biologicals are expensive and while continuous use is warranted, sometimes need switching. In January 2021, dermatologists of Bravis Hospital and dermaTeam clinic actively switched 91 patients, who received Ixekizumab, to Brodalumab due to health economic reasons. This is a retrospective, real‐world cohort study.ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess Brodalumab drug survival, reasons for discontinuing Brodalumab and side effects. The researchers also hoped to gain insight into determinants for Brodalumab drug survival.MethodsData were retrospectively extracted from electronic medical records (EMR). Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) scores were evaluated. Drug survival was analysed using Kaplan–Meier estimates. Analyses were split according to the reason for discontinuing: primary or secondary ineffectiveness, and side effects.ResultsA total of 91 EMRs were included. Overall, 29 patients (32%) discontinued Brodalumab within 1 year owing to: primary inefficacy (45%), secondary inefficacy (31%), only side effects (14%), or other reasons (10%). The most reported side effect was xerosis cutis, followed by joint pain. PASI scores were lacking. No determinants to make switching more successful were found. Drug survival was 53% at Week 50.ConclusionsDrug survival of Brodalumab after switch from Ixekizumab in our patient group was low at 53%. Inadequate disease control was more important than side effects.
Narrative review – Barriers and facilitators to promotion of physical activity in primary care
Authors: Leese Callum , Abraham Kirstin , Smith Blair H 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe objectiveto provide an overview of the literature on the barriers and facilitators to physical activity (PA) promotion in primary care, as experienced by practitioners and patients.MethodA search strategy of the English‐language literature was conducted in EMBASE, MEDLINE and the COCHRANE LIBRARY. Search terms were primary care OR general practice OR family medicine OR family practitioner AND physical activity OR exercise AND barriers OR facilitators. Databases were searched from inception until 21 October 2022.ResultsAfter screening, 63 articles were included within the summary and content analysis of this review. Analysis of the barriers to the implementation of PA highlighted four main themes perceived by practitioners: time, knowledge/skills, resources/support and financial implications. Analysis of the patient perspective identified themes which were categorised into individual (pre‐existing health conditions, knowledge of benefits of PA, time/capacity), societal (social support and cultural norms) and environmental (availability of facilities and weather).ConclusionsAs the importance of PA increases through the manifestation of sedentary behaviour‐related disease, a combined primary care and public health approach to increase PA is required. By identifying the main barriers to PA promotion in primary care, resources and funding can be directed to address this. This is particularly relevant in the United Kingdom, with the re‐negotiation of the primary care contract and the changes to healthcare delivery as a consequence of the Covid‐19 pandemic. Throughout this review, we have explored ways of addressing the identified barriers through evidence‐based interventions.
Biofunctionalization of Metal–Organic Framework Nanoparticles via Combined Nitroxide‐Mediated Polymerization and Nitroxide Exchange Reaction
Authors: Wagner Ilona , Spiegel Simon , Brückel Julian , Schwotzer Matthias , Welle Alexander , Stenzel Martina H. , Bräse Stefan , Begum Salma , Tsotsalas Manuel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSurface engineering of metal–organic framework nanoparticles (MOF NPs), and enabling their post‐synthetic modulation that facilitates the formation of bio‐interfaces has tremendous potential for diverse applications including therapeutics, imaging, biosensing, and drug‐delivery systems. Despite the progress in MOF NPs synthesis, colloidal stability and homogeneous dispersity—a desirable property for biotechnological applications, stands as a critical obstacle and remains a challenging task. In this report, dynamic surfaces modification of MOF NPs with polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymer is described using grafting‐from PEGylation by employing nitroxide‐mediated polymerization (NMP) and inserting arginylglycylaspartic acid (RGD) peptides on the surface via a nitroxide exchange reaction (NER). The dynamic modification strategy enables tailoring PEG‐grafted MOF NPs of the type UiO‐66‐NH2 with improved colloidal stability, and high dispersity, while the morphology and lattice crystallinity are strictly preserved. The interaction of PEG‐grafted MOF NPs with human serum albumin (HSA) protein under physiological conditions is studied. The PEG‐grafted colloidal MOF NPs adsorb less HSA protein than the uncoated ones. Therefore, the described approach increases the scope of bio‐relevant applications of colloidal MOF NPs by reducing nonspecific interactions using NMP based PEGylation, while preserving the possibility to introduce targeting moieties via NER for specific interactions.
Brain Bank Questionnaire Helps in Differential Diagnosis of Movement Disorders: An Autopsy Study of 150 Patients
Authors: Martin Nicholas B. , Sekiya Hiroaki , Kim Minji , Dickson Dennis W. , Koga Shunsuke 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundAs part of the CurePSP brain donation program, a questionnaire was developed to gather basic clinical information on donors; however, its usefulness has not been evaluated.ObjectiveTo assess the value of information obtained from the questionnaire in differentiating between parkinsonian disorders.MethodsWe reviewed 150 questionnaires, including 50 patients, each with a neuropathologic diagnosis of Lewy body disease (LBD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), or progressive supranuclear palsy. The frequency of clinical features recorded in the questionnaires was compared for the three disorders, and a machine learning algorithm was used to identify features predicting neuropathologic diagnosis.ResultsThe information from the questionnaires correlated with core clinical features for each disorder, such as hallucinations for LBD and autonomic dysfunction for MSA. Hallucinations and disorientations were identified as the key variables that contributed most to the prediction of neuropathology.ConclusionThe questionnaire provides useful clinical information for clinicopathological correlative studies.
A novel variant in ALG1 gene associated with congenital disorder of glycosylation: A case report and short literature review
Authors: Xue Yan , Zhao Yiran , Wu Bo , Shu Jianbo , Yan Dandan , Li Dong , Yu Xiaoli , Cai Chunquan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe congenital disorder of glycosylation associated with ALG1 (ALG1‐CDG) is a rare autosomal recessive disease. Due to the deficiency of β1,4 mannosyltransferase caused by pathogenic variants in ALG1 gene, the assembly and processing of glycans in the protein glycosylation pathway are impaired, resulting in a broad clinical spectrum with multi‐organ involvement. To raise awareness of clinicians for its manifestations and genotype, we here reported a new patient with a novel variant in ALG1 gene and reviewed the literature to study the genotype–phenotype correlation.MethodClinical characteristics were collected, and clinical exome sequencing was used to identify the causative variants. MutationTaster, PyMol, and FoldX were used to predict the pathogenicity, changes in 3D model molecular structure of protein, and changes of free energy caused by novel variants.ResultsThe proband was a 13‐month‐old Chinese Han male characterized by epileptic seizures, psychomotor development delay, muscular hypotonia, liver and cardiac involvement. Clinical exome sequencing revealed the biallelic compound heterozygosity variants, a previously reported variant c.434G>A (p.G145N, paternal) and a novel variant c.314T>A (p.V105N, maternal). The literature review found that in severe phenotypes, the incidences of clinical manifestations were significantly higher than that in mild phenotypes, including congenital nephrotic syndrome, agammaglobulinemia, and severe hydrops. Homozygous c.773C>T was a strongly pathogenic variant associated with a severe phenotype. When heterozygous for c.773C>T, patients with another variant leading to substitution in amino acids within the strongly conserved regions (c.866A>T, c.1025A>C, c.1182C>G) may cause a more severe phenotype than those within less‐conserved regions (c.434G>A, c.450C>G, c.765G>A, c.1287T>A). c.1129A>G, c.1076C>T, and c.1287T>A were more likely to be associated with a mild phenotype. The assessment of disease phenotypes requires a combination of genotype and clinical manifestations.ConclusionsThe case reported herein adds to the mutations identified in ALG1‐CDG and a review of this literature expands the study of the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of this disorder.
Comparing the educational quality of free flap technique videos on public and paid platforms
Authors: Ku Ying C. , Mulvihill Lianne , Lammers Jacob , Al‐Malak Mazen , Figueroa Brian A. , Jo Diane , Fodor R'ay S. , Rampazzo Antonio , Bassiri Gharb Bahar 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundSurgical videos are reshaping the landscape for surgical education. As this form of education has rapidly grown and become a valuable resource for experienced surgeons, residents, and students, there is great variability in the presentation of what is offered. This study aimed to assess and compare the educational quality of free flap instructional videos on public and paid platforms.MethodsFree flap videos from public (YouTube) and paid (American Society of Plastic Surgeons Education Network and Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Journal) sources were screened independently by three reviewers. Sample size was calculated to reach 80% power. The educational quality of the videos was determined using a modified version of Laparoscopic Surgery Video Educational Guidelines (0–6 low, 7–12 medium, 13–18 high). Professionally‐made videos were identified per lighting, positioning, and video/imaging quality. Interrater reliability between the three reviewers was calculated. The educational quality of the videos was compared between public and paid sources using Mood's median test. Pearson's correlation coefficient was utilized to assess the correlation between video length and educational quality.ResultsSeventy‐six videos were included (40 public, 36 paid). The median video lengths for public and paid platforms were 9.43(IQR = 12.33) and 5.07(IQR = 6.4) min, respectively. There were 18 high, 16 medium, and 6 low‐quality public videos, versus 13 high, 21 medium, and 2 low‐quality paid videos. Four public and seven paid videos were identified as professionally made. Interrater reliability was high (α = .9). No differences in educational quality were identified between public and paid platforms. Video length was not correlated with quality (p = .15). A video library compiling public high‐quality videos was created (https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL‐d5BBgQF75VWSkbvEq6mfYI‐‐9579oPK).ConclusionsPublic and paid platforms may provide similar surgical education on free tissue transfer. Therefore, whether to subscribe to a paid video platform for supplemental free flap education should be determined on an individual basis.
A nonlinear scaling‐based normalized metal artifact reduction to reduce low‐frequency artifacts in energy‐integrating and photon‐counting CT
Authors: Anhaus Julian A. , Killermann Philipp , Mahnken Andreas H. , Hofmann Christian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundMetal within the scan plane can cause severe artifacts when reconstructing X‐ray computed tomography (CT) scans. Both in clinical use and recent research, normalized metal artifact reduction (NMAR) has established as the reference method for correcting metal artifacts, but NMAR introduces inconsistencies within the sinogram, which can cause additional low‐frequency artifacts after image reconstruction.PurposeThis paper introduces an extension to NMAR by applying a nonlinear scaling function (NLS‐NMAR) to reduce low‐frequency artifacts, which get introduced by the reconstruction of interpolation‐edge‐related sinogram inconsistencies in the normalized sinogram domain.MethodsAfter linear interpolation of the metal trace, an NLS function is applied in the prior‐normalized sinogram domain to reduce the impact of the interpolation edges during filtered backprojection. After sinogram denormalization and image reconstruction, the low frequencies of the NLS image are combined with different high frequencies to restore anatomic details. An anthropomorphic dental phantom with removable metal inserts was utilized on two different CT systems to quantitatively assess the artifact reduction performance in terms of HU deviations and the root‐mean‐square‐error within relevant regions of interest. Clinical dental examples were assessed to qualitatively demonstrate the problem of the interpolation‐related blooming as well as to demonstrate the performance of the NLS function to reduce respective artifacts. To quantitatively prove HU consistency, HU values were assessed in central ROIs in the clinical cases. In addition, single clinical cases of a hip replacement and pedicle screws in the spine are shown to demonstrate the method's results in other body regions.ResultsThe NLS‐NMAR can minimize the effect of interpolation‐related sinogram inconsistencies and thus reduce resulting hyperdense blooming artifacts. In the phantom results, the reconstructions with the NLS‐NMAR‐corrected low frequencies demonstrate the lowest error. In the qualitative assessment of the clinical data, the NLS‐NMAR shows a tremendous enhancement in image quality, also performing best within all assessed images series.ConclusionThe NLS‐NMAR provides a small yet effective extension to conventional NMAR by reducing low‐frequency hyperdense metal trace‐interpolation‐related artifacts in computed tomography.
Synthesis of Vinyl Acetate Monomer Over PdCu Alloys: The Role of Surface Oxygenation in the Reaction Path
Authors: Gonzalez Caranton Alberth Renne , Schmal Martin , Checca Huaman Noemi Raquel , da Silva Pinto José Carlos 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis work uses sol–gel and sonochemical methods to prepare bimetallic PdCu catalysts supported on modified ZrO2 with Ti and Al. The catalysts are tested for vinyl acetate synthesis from ethylene, acetic acid, and oxygen, varying the reaction temperature for two catalysts prepared, which show higher activity. Catalysts characterization results show bimetallic species and distort alloys with a dispersed distribution of active metal onto the support. The in situ reaction by DRIFT‐MS identifies the surface formation of main intermediates like palladium acetate monomers and mono and bidentate intermediates, associated to vinyl acetate formation, like vinyl hydrogenated species over PdCu. Finally, this behavior will be attributed to the bimetallic distortions of PdCu samples, provided by interaction effects between PdCu and supports, indicating a more exposition of PdCu species suitable for the reaction, according to high‐resolution transmission microscopy electron microscopy results for PdCu/ZrTi sample. Thus, this sample exhibits a minimal formation of sub‐products and catalytic stability for 18 hh. These results evidence the participation of hydroxyls and oxygen vacancies of the catalyst in the catalytic reaction measured in situ, monitoring the products formed at the reactor outlet. Finally, it is proposed a reaction pathway as a function of reaction conditions.
Dynamic behaviours of continuously reinforced concrete pavement on a layered transversely isotropic saturated subgrade under moving loads
Authors: Ai Zhi Yong , Wang Xing Kai , Wang Xiao Ming , Ye Zi , Yang Jun Jie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper aims to investigate the dynamic behaviour of continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) on a multi‐layered transversely isotropic saturated subgrade subjected to a moving load. The stress‐strain relationship of the CRCP is obtained based on classic lamination theory. Then, the differential governing equations of the pavement are established by D'Alembert's principle. Combining the Fourier series expansion and integral transform technique, the displacements of the CRCP in the wavenumber domain are derived. By introducing pavement‐subgrade interface conditions, the solution to the pavement‐subgrade system is acquired with the use of the extended precise integration method (PIM). The solution in the spatial domain is further obtained by the numerical inverse transform. The presented method and the corresponding program are verified. Finally, parametric studies are conducted to determine the effects of the reinforcement ratio and position, the load velocity and the subgrade stiffness.
The relationship and functional links between human age, growth, and biomedical implants: A review on the application of bulk and nanomaterials
Authors: Oladele Isiaka Oluwole , Onuh Linus Nnabuike , Agbeboh Newton Itua , Alewi David Damilola , Lephuthing Senzeni Sipho 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBiomaterials are synthetic materials used in making devices for replacing parts of a living being and to function efficiently while interacting with living tissue. Contrary to orthodox medicine in which damaged parts are amputated, the emergence of biomaterials has changed the trend. Different biomaterials including biomedical implants are being developed for different uses within the biomedical field. Thus, biomedical implants are a rapidly advancing class of biomaterials that are currently used for the replacement of diseased parts or damaged tissues in the human body which may be either soft or hard tissues. These materials are developed to meet the structural and biocompatibility needs; hence, they are expected to be safe and acceptable to the human body system as the patient grows. Therefore, the age group and growth rate of the patients that need biomedical implants are parts of the critical factors that required adequate attention. Accordingly, this paper reviews the effects of the human age group and growth on the characteristics and responses of biomedical implants developed from bulk or nanomaterials for use in the human body system. Since, growth is a function of the age group in humans, and the three major age groups respond to growth at different rates, thus, the need to pay adequate attention to this. The review provides suitable information on the demand from each age group and provides the necessary guides on the selection of appropriate biomaterials with respect to age and growth. Hence, the need to have classifications of implants referring to; childhood implants, adolescent implants, and adult implants that focused on challenges that are common to each group.
Multilevel‐in‐width training for deep neural network regression
Authors: Ponce Colin , Li Ruipeng , Mao Christina , Vassilevski Panayot 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA common challenge in regression is that for many problems, the degrees of freedom required for a high‐quality solution also allows for overfitting. Regularization is a class of strategies that seek to restrict the range of possible solutions so as to discourage overfitting while still enabling good solutions, and different regularization strategies impose different types of restrictions. In this paper, we present a multilevel regularization strategy that constructs and trains a hierarchy of neural networks, each of which has layers that are wider versions of the previous network's layers. We draw intuition and techniques from the field of Algebraic Multigrid (AMG), traditionally used for solving linear and nonlinear systems of equations, and specifically adapt the Full Approximation Scheme (FAS) for nonlinear systems of equations to the problem of deep learning. Training through V‐cycles then encourage the neural networks to build a hierarchical understanding of the problem. We refer to this approach as multilevel‐in‐width to distinguish from prior multilevel works which hierarchically alter the depth of neural networks. The resulting approach is a highly flexible framework that can be applied to a variety of layer types, which we demonstrate with both fully connected and convolutional layers. We experimentally show with PDE regression problems that our multilevel training approach is an effective regularizer, improving the generalize performance of the neural networks studied.
Glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide monoclonal antibodies prevent and treat obesity in wild‐type and hyperphagic mice
Authors: Wolfe M. Michael , Apovian Caroline M. , Boylan Michael O. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate whether a glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) monoclonal antibody (mAb) will promote weight loss in wild‐type mice and to determine effects of this mAb in preventing weight gain in ob/ob mice.MethodsPhosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) or GIP mAb was injected intraperitoneally to wild‐type mice fed a 60% high‐fat diet (HFD). After 12 weeks, mice that received PBS were divided into two groups and were fed a 37% HFD for 5 weeks; one group received PBS, and one group received GIP mAb. In a separate study, PBS or GIP mAb was injected intraperitoneally to ob/ob mice fed normal mouse chow for 8 weeks.ResultsPBS‐treated mice gained significantly more than those treated with GIP mAb, with no difference in food consumption detected. Obese mice fed a 37% HFD and PBS continued to gain weight (+2.1% ± 0.9%), whereas mice administered GIP mAb lost 4.1% ± 1.4% body weight (p < 0.01). Leptin‐deficient mice consumed similar amounts of chow, and, after 8 weeks, the PBS‐ and GIP mAb‐treated mice gained 250.4% ± 9.1% and 192.4% ± 7.3%, respectively (p < 0.01).ConclusionsThese studies support the hypothesis that a reduction in GIP signaling appears to affect body weight without suppressing food intake and might provide a novel, useful method for the treatment and prevention of obesity.