bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serovalue of hydatid disease in Baghdad
Authors: Abdul Rasool Yousif A. , AL-Taie Lazem H. , Husain Haider A. 
Published: September 2023

Background: Echinococcus granulosus is a one major species of medical and public health importance which causes cystic echinococcosis.Hydatid disease is able to modulate antiparasite immune responses, persist and flourish in humans.Objective: The main objective of this study is to diagnostic value for hydatidosis and to identify the prevalence in human in two different areas of Baghdad city which include urban and rural areas. Evaluating hydatid fluid antigen and hydatid cyst wall antigen for diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis(CE). preparation ELISA kit for detecting specific antibodies in patients and relative sera is considered as an important step in determining the recurrent case after surgical operation. Patients and Methods: Fifty patients infected with hydatidosis , One-hundred and seven relatives’ patients and Thirty patients’ follow-up. NAJAT-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and NAJAT-latex test for the Immunodiagnosis of cystic echinococcosis of human hydatid disease by detecting the specific antibodies in patients.Results: hydatidosis in females was the same as in the males. One-hundred and seven relatives’ patients. In rural area the seroprevalence were 12 male cases and 4 female cases ,While in urban area 5male cases,5 female cases,respectively. Thirty patients’ follow-up four patients developed recurrences at 3-7 months postoperatively.Conclusion: In relatives’ patients no statistically significant differences in the frequency between both sexes. But a highly statistically significant differences (p=0.05) were shown between hydatidosis infected persons in relation to area(urban area,rural area). There were no significant differences in the rates seropositive case for different occupations(p=0.05). NAJAT-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and NAJAT-latex test appeared to be a useful confirmatory tests with specific antigens represent good candidates for the Immunodiagnosis of cystic echinococcosis of human hydatid disease by detecting the specific antibodies in patients.
ESTIMATION OF TREE SPECIES DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION IN THREE COMMUNITIES’ FARMLAND AT DUTSINMA AND SAFANA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS KATSINA STATE.
Authors: Ati Maryam Hassana , Uchechukwu Mary 
Published: September 2023

Understanding tree species’ diversity, distribution, and structure is very important in assessing the sustainability of ecosystem conservation and management. This study focused on tree species diversity and distribution in three communities’ farmlands at Dutsin-Ma and Safana local government areas, to assess, identify, enumerate, estimate the richness, and their evenness, and categorise tree species distribution in the study area. A stratified sampling technique was adapted for the study. Two (2) transect lines of 210m length were laid on which sampling plots were established in each of the three study areas. Species richness and diversity were found to be low in all three communities. Azadirachta indica has the highest species richness and diversity in all three communities followed by Adansonia digitata and then Piliostigma thoningii. However, the distribution of trees is not uniform across the study area and varies significantly in their density, diversity, and richness. Tree species at Safana have the highest richness index with a value of 5.383, Turare, with an index value of 5.263 while the least was at Darawa with a value of 3.782. The tree population of the selected study area is presently dominated by the Families of Meliaceae Myrtaceae, Malvaceae, Arecaceae, Moraceae, Pinaceae, Fabaceae, Anacardiaceae, and Combretaceae. The existing flora is dominated by savanna species, particularly those associated with guinea savanna vegetation. Management of forest-savanna should be through fire protection and reforestation programmes and there should be proper awareness of the human activities affecting economic tree species and land management in the study communities.
Santa Apolonia de Alejandría. Patrona de los padecimientos dentales. Su martirio e iconografía.
Authors: Ortiz Hidalgo Carlos 
Published: September 2023

Resumen: Santa Apolonia de Alejandría fue una mártir cristiana. Sufrió una brutal tortura y amenazada con ser quemada viva si no se retractaba de su cristianismo. Caminó voluntariamente hacia el fuego después de pronunciar una oración, en el 249 d.C. Según la leyenda, Santa Apolonia fue agredida por una turba durante un levantamiento contra los cristianos. Fue atacada y su tortura incluyó que le destrozaran todos los dientes. Por esta razón, se la considera popularmente como la patrona de la odontología y de quienes padecen dolor de muelas u otros problemas dentales. Muchos pintores medievales pintaron la escena de la tortura de Apolonia en El martirio de Santa Apolonia.
Coaching, Health, and Movement Program (CHAMPS) Taught by Medical Students: A Didactic Curriculum and Program Analysis
Authors: Ronecker, DO Julia C. , Liu, BA, OMSIV Joseph , Newman, MD Ramon E. , VanGarsse, MD Anne M. 
Published: September 2023

Purpose: The prevalence of pediatric obesity is increasing in the United States. While physicians are in a unique position to address pediatric obesity, nutrition education and counseling is insufficiently addressed in medical school curriculums. To fill this gap, one Midwest medical school piloted CHAMPS (Coaching, Health, and Movement Program with Students), a program where medical students learn about pediatric obesity and nutrition and coach families toward healthier lifestyle goals.
Method: This study evaluated the effectiveness of a 7-hour didactic curriculum and looked at changes in medical student knowledge, bias, and mentorship skills. The cohort included 35 first-and second-year medical students who completed a pre-test and two post-tests—one post-test after the didactic training and one after the 6-8 week coaching program with a family.
Results: After both the didactic curriculum and coaching sessions, medical students demonstrated statistically significant improvement in knowledge and mentorship skills with regards to pediatric obesity and nutrition. Medical students also reported feeling more confident answering questions and coaching families on healthy lifestyle choices. Medical student bias was unchanged after our intervention.
Conclusion: The CHAMPS program represents a promising experience for medical students and fills a gap in the traditional medical school curriculum.
Injectable nanogel systems for brain drug delivery
Authors: Koyakutty Manzoor , Devassy Greeshma , Das Devika , Nair Shantikumar V 
Published: September 2023

<img src=” https://s3.amazonaws.com/production.scholastica/article/88217/large/prnano_912023ga.jpg?1695507286”> The central nervous system (CNS) controls many critical functions, such as intelligence, emotion, sense, and memory, and modulates many other functions of the entire human body. Diseases affecting the CNS are challenging to treat because of the CNS’s sensitive functional and structural features and limited accessibility. The brain is secured from the systemic circulation by a unique biological fence, the blood-brain barrier (BBB), that limits molecular exchange between the peripheral and CNS systems. Most drugs used for treating CNS diseases fail to reach the brain in effective therapeutic concentrations due to the presence of BBB. During the last decade, specifically engineered drug delivery systems (DDS) have offered the opportunity to overcome systemic barriers in brain drug delivery. However, even with the best-engineered nano-carriers, delivering sufficient drug doses into the brain through systemic circulation remains challenging. Here, we review various systems for ‘direct’ drug delivery to the brain using im-plantable or injectable intracranial nano-drug delivery systems (nDDS), which can ensure 100% release of drug to the brain in a sustained or controlled fashion for prolonged periods, bypassing the BBB, thereby radically improving the therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity. Brain injectable nanogels or nanoparticle systems can be considered superior compared to other local drug-delivery systems because they possess better diffusivity of drugs. The nanogels can be injected through minimally invasive procedures, precisely delivering drugs to specific target sites. This review covers a detailed discussion about locally injectable DDS and various nanogel-based drugs, oligonucleotide, and theragnostic delivery systems used for treating brain malignancies, infections, and neurodegenerative diseases.
Effect of right ventricular free wall longitudinal strain on all-cause death in patients with isolated severe tricuspid regurgitation and atrial fibrillation
Authors: Ogawa Mana , Kuwajima Ken , Yamane Takafumi , Hasegawa Hiroko , Yagi Nobuichiro , Shiota Takahiro 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundWith the aging population and advanced catheter-based therapy, isolated tricuspid regurgitation (TR) with atrial fibrillation (AF) has gained increased attention; however, data on the prognostic effect of isolated TR with AF are limited because of the small number of patients among those with severe TR. Recently, right ventricular (RV) longitudinal strain by two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography has been reported as an excellent indicator of RV dysfunction in severe TR. However, the prognostic implications of RV longitudinal strain in isolated severe TR associated with AF remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to reveal the prognostic value of this index in this population.MethodsWe retrospectively studied patients with severe isolated TR associated with AF in the absence of other etiologies in the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center between April 2015 and March 2018. Baseline clinical and echocardiographic data were studied including RV systolic function evaluated by RV free wall longitudinal strain (FWLS) and conventional parameters. All-cause death was defined as the primary endpoint.ResultsIn total, 53 patients (median age, 85 years; female, 60%) with a median follow-up of 433 (60–1567) days were included. Fourteen patients (26%) died, and 66% had right heart failure (RHF) symptoms. By multivariable analysis, reduced RVFWLS was independently associated with all-cause death. Patients with RVFWLS of ≤18% had higher risk of all-cause death adjusted for age (log-rank P = 0.030, adjusted hazard ratio 4.00, 95% confidence interval, 1.11–14.4; P = 0.034). When patients were stratified into four groups by RHF symptoms and RVFWLS, the group with symptomatic and reduced RVFWLS had the worst outcome.ConclusionReduced RVFWLS was independently associated with all-cause death in patients with isolated severe TR and AF. Our subset classification showed the worst outcome from the combination of RHF symptoms and reduced RVFWLS.
Characterizing nutrient patterns of food items in adolescent diet using data from a novel citizen science project and the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)
Authors: Treitler Jonah T. , Tekle Senait , Ushe Jennifer , Zanin Linda , Capshaw Teri , Tardieu Gregory , Libin Alexander , Zeng Qing 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionA healthy diet is essential for promoting good health during adolescence and mitigating disease risks in adulthood. This underscores the need for improved nutrition education and increased access to healthier food choices. However, the accuracy of dietary data poses a significant challenge in nutritional research.MethodsWe utilized and analyzed a novel dietary record dataset collected through a high school citizen science project to address this issue. We focused on nutrients rather than food groups to characterize adolescent dietary patterns. The same analyses were performed on the 2019–2021 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data for comparison.ResultsBased on the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s recommended daily value (DV) for nutrients, the majority of food items in our citizen science dataset are low (i.e., &lt;5% DV) in lipids, fiber, potassium, calcium, iron, sugar, and cholesterol. Only a minority of items are high (i.e., &gt;20% DV) in macro and micronutrients. The clustering analysis identified nine food clusters with distinct nutrient profiles that vary significantly in size. The analyses on the NHANES data yielded similar findings, but with higher proportions of foods high in energy, lipids, carbohydrates, sugar, iron, and sodium compared with those of the citizen science dataset.DiscussionThis study demonstrates the potential of citizen science projects in gathering valuable dietary data and understanding adolescent nutrient intake. Identifying critical nutrient gaps can guide targeted nutrition education and the provision of accessible healthier food options, leading to positive health outcomes during adolescence and beyond.
Estimate of the incidence of PANDAS and PANS in 3 primary care populations
Authors: Wald Ellen R. , Eickhoff Jens , Flood Grace E. , Heinz Michael V. , Liu Daniel , Agrawal Alisha , Morse Richard P. , Raney Veronica M. , Veerapandiyan Aravindhan , Madan Juliette C. 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivePediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated with Streptococcal infection (PANDAS) and Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS) are presumed autoimmune complications of infection or other instigating events. To determine the incidence of these disorders, we performed a retrospective review for the years 2017–2019 at three academic medical centers.MethodsWe identified the population of children receiving well-child care at each institution. Potential cases of PANS and PANDAS were identified by including children age 3–12 years at the time they received one of five new diagnoses: avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder, other specified eating disorder, separation anxiety disorder of childhood, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or other specified disorders involving an immune mechanism, not elsewhere classified. Tic disorders was not used as a diagnostic code to identify cases. Data were abstracted; cases were classified as PANDAS or PANS if standard definitions were met.ResultsThe combined study population consisted of 95,498 individuals. The majority were non-Hispanic Caucasian (85%), 48% were female and the mean age was 7.1 (SD 3.1) years. Of 357 potential cases, there were 13 actual cases [mean age was 6.0 (SD 1.8) years, 46% female and 100% non-Hispanic Caucasian]. The estimated annual incidence of PANDAS/PANS was 1/11,765 for children between 3 and 12 years with some variation between different geographic areas.ConclusionOur results indicate that PANDAS/PANS is a rare disorder with substantial heterogeneity across geography and time. A prospective investigation of the same question is warranted.
Effects of measurement methods and growing conditions on phenotypic expression of photosynthesis in seven diverse rice genotypes
Authors: Reavis Megan , Purcell Larry C. , Pereira Andy , Naithani Kusum 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionLight response curves are widely used to quantify phenotypic expression of photosynthesis by measuring a single sample and sequentially altering light intensity within a chamber (sequential method) or by measuring different samples that are each acclimated to a different light level (non-sequential method). Both methods are often conducted in controlled environments to achieve steady-state results, and neither method involves equilibrating the entire plant to the specific light level.MethodsHere, we compare sequential and non-sequential methods in controlled (greenhouse), semi-controlled (plant grown in growth chamber and acclimated to field conditions 2-3 days before measurements), and field environments. We selected seven diverse rice genotypes (five genotypes from the USDA rice minicore collection: 310588, 310723, 311644, 311677, 311795; and 2 additional genotypes: Nagina 22 and Zhe 733) to understand (1) the limitations of different methods, and (2) phenotypic plasticity of photosynthesis in rice grown under different environments.ResultsOur results show that the non-sequential method was time-efficient and captured more variability of field conditions than the sequential method, but the model parameters were generally similar between two methods except the maximum photosynthesis rate (Amax).Amaxwas significantly lower across all genotypes under greenhouse conditions compared to the growth chamber and field conditions consistent with prior work, but surprisingly the apparent quantum yield (α) and the mitochondrial respiration (Rd) were generally not different among growing environments or measurement methods.DiscussionOur results suggest that field conditions are best suited to quantify phenotypic differences across different genotypes and nonsequential method was better at capturing the variability in photosynthesis.
Genome-wide analysis of the GRAS gene family in Liriodendron chinense reveals the putative function in abiotic stress and plant development
Authors: Weng Yuhao , Chen Xinying , Hao Zhaodong , Lu Lu , Wu Xinru , Zhang Jiaji , Wu Jingxiang , Shi Jisen , Chen Jinhui 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionGRAS genes encode plant-specific transcription factors that play essential roles in plant growth and development. However, the members and the function of the GRAS gene family have not been reported in Liriodendron chinense. L. chinense, a tree species in the Magnolia family that produces excellent timber for daily life and industry. In addition, it is a good relict species for plant evolution research.MethodsTherefore, we conducted a genome-wide study of the LcGRAS gene family and identified 49 LcGRAS genes in L. chinense.ResultsWe found that LcGRAS could be divided into 13 sub-groups, among which there is a unique branch named HAM-t. We carried out RNA sequencing analysis of the somatic embryos from L. chinense and found that LcGRAS genes are mainly expressed after heart-stage embryo development, suggesting that LcGRAS may have a function during somatic embryogenesis. We also investigated whether GRAS genes are responsive to stress by carrying out RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis, and we found that the genes in the PAT subfamily were activated upon stress treatment, suggesting that these genes may help plants survive stressful environments. We found that PIF was downregulated and COR was upregulated after the transient overexpression of PATs, suggesting that PAT may be upstream regulators of cold stress. DiscussionCollectively, LcGRAS genes are conserved and play essential roles in plant development and adaptation to abiotic stress.
Selecting the best optimizers for deep learning–based medical image segmentation
Authors: Mortazi Aliasghar , Cicek Vedat , Keles Elif , Bagci Ulas 
Published: September 2023

PurposeThe goal of this work is to explore the best optimizers for deep learning in the context of medical image segmentation and to provide guidance on how to design segmentation networks with effective optimization strategies.ApproachMost successful deep learning networks are trained using two types of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithms: adaptive learning and accelerated schemes. Adaptive learning helps with fast convergence by starting with a larger learning rate (LR) and gradually decreasing it. Momentum optimizers are particularly effective at quickly optimizing neural networks within the accelerated schemes category. By revealing the potential interplay between these two types of algorithms [LR and momentum optimizers or momentum rate (MR) in short], in this article, we explore the two variants of SGD algorithms in a single setting. We suggest using cyclic learning as the base optimizer and integrating optimal values of learning rate and momentum rate. The new optimization function proposed in this work is based on the Nesterov accelerated gradient optimizer, which is more efficient computationally and has better generalization capabilities compared to other adaptive optimizers.ResultsWe investigated the relationship of LR and MR under an important problem of medical image segmentation of cardiac structures from MRI and CT scans. We conducted experiments using the cardiac imaging dataset from the ACDC challenge of MICCAI 2017, and four different architectures were shown to be successful for cardiac image segmentation problems. Our comprehensive evaluations demonstrated that the proposed optimizer achieved better results (over a 2% improvement in the dice metric) than other optimizers in the deep learning literature with similar or lower computational cost in both single and multi-object segmentation settings.ConclusionsWe hypothesized that the combination of accelerated and adaptive optimization methods can have a drastic effect in medical image segmentation performances. To this end, we proposed a new cyclic optimization method (Cyclic Learning/Momentum Rate) to address the efficiency and accuracy problems in deep learning–based medical image segmentation. The proposed strategy yielded better generalization in comparison to adaptive optimizers.
Gestão de riscos ocupacionais em um escritório de advocacia
Authors: Da Silva Marco Antonio Garcez , Bersch Gabriela Segatto , Rodriguez Alejandro Martins , Franz Luís Antônio dos Santos , Bemvenuti Renata Heidtmann 
Published: September 2023

A saúde e o bem-estar dos trabalhadores é de extrema importância e tem repercussão na motivação e produtividade do trabalho. O Programa de Gerenciamento de Riscos é obrigatório nas empresas desde janeiro de 2022. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho elaborou esse programa em um escritório de advocacia localizado na cidade de Rio Grande – RS. Foi realizado o inventário de riscos, onde foram identificados, avaliados e classificados os riscos ocupacionais presentes no ambiente de trabalho. A partir do inventário, foi elaborado um plano contendo ações a serem introduzidas, aprimoradas ou mantidas. As ações foram direcionadas para atender a legislação de segurança e saúde do trabalho e para evitar acidentes e doenças no escritório. Dessa forma, esse trabalho contribuiu para a regularização do escritório e com a prevenção de acidentes e doenças no ambiente de trabalho.
Pendugaan Efisiensi dan Inefisiensi Teknis pada Usahatani Kakao Rakyat di Kabupaten Banyuwangi
Authors: Rahman Rena Yunita , Hariyati Yuli 
Published: September 2023

Perkebunan Kakao Rakyat di Kabupaten Banyuwangi memiliki peran penting bagi perekonomian daerah dan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Akan tetapi, produktivitas kakao rakyat di Kabupaten Banyuwangi masih rendah. Hal tersebut disebabkan terutama oleh faktor cuaca, hama penyakit tanaman, dan faktor-faktor yang menunjukkan ketidakefisienan dalam penggunaan input-input produksi. Keadaan ini pada akhirnya mempengaruhi pendapatan dan kesejahteraan petani kakao rakyat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk: (1) menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi usahatani kakao, (2) menganalisis tingkat efisiensi teknis usahatani kakao, dan (3) menganalisis faktor-faktor penyebab timbulnya inefisiensi teknis dalam usahatani kakao. Lokasi yang dipilih dalam penelitian ini adalah Kecamatan Sempu Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Jenis data yang dikumpulkan adalah data primer yang diperoleh dengan metode survei menggunakan kuesioner. Responden dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 50 orang petani kakao. Untuk menjawab tujuan penelitian ini digunakan pendekatan stochastic frontier. Hasil analisis menunjukkan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi kakao yaitu: luas lahan, pupuk urea, dan tenaga kerja. Perkebunan kakao rakyat di Kabupaten Banyuwangi belum efisien secara teknis dengan rata-rata nilai efisiensi 0,659. Sedangkan faktor yang menyebabkan pada inefisiensi adalah umur, tingkat pendidikan, pengalaman usahatani, status lahan dan lokasi geografis lahan.