bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depression of Established Delayed Hypersensitivity by Mumps Virus
Authors: Hall Caroline B. , Kantor Fred S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mumps infection in the guinea pig model has been shown to depress the expression of pre-existing delayed hypersensitivity. When peak skin reactivity to mumps developed, from the 14th to the 17th days, the reaction to PicGPA was diminished. This did not occur if the virus was inactivated before administration. The mechanism of the depression did not appear to be by permanent alteration of function of specifically sensitized cells, as PicGPA sensitivity was successfully transferred from the infected animals with depressed skin reactivity to normal recipients. Transfer to infected animals of a new specificity, BGG, was not as successful as transfer into controls. This suggests that a nonspecific inhibition has occurred of either the antigen recognition cells or of the nonspecific effector cells.
Antigen-Binding IgA Myeloma Proteins in Mice: Specificities to Antigens Containing β-D 1→6 Linked Galactose Side Chains and a Protein Antigen in Wheat
Authors: Potter Michael , Mushinski Elizabeth B. , Glaudemans C. P. J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Three IgA myeloma proteins of BALB/c origin among 140 tested, precipitate with antigenic materials in food and bedding. The S10 and T191B myeloma proteins precipitate with antigens (larchwood arabinogalactan, hardwood bedding extract and gum ghatti) that contain side chains of β1 → 6 linked d-galactopyranoses. Oligosaccharides of β1 → 6 d-galactopyranose were potent inhibitors of the precipitation of S10 and T191B with arabinogalactan; the tetraose was the most effective inhibitor. The T521 protein precipitates with another antigen in wheat and not with gum ghatti or arabinogalactan. The antigenicity of this wheat-derived antigen is destroyed by pronase digestion suggesting the antigen is a protein.
Receptors for Immunoglobulin and Complement on Mouse Leukemias and Lymphomas
Authors: Shevach E. , Herberman R. , Lieberman R. , Frank M. M. , Green I. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Bone marrow-derived B lymphocytes bear a receptor for antigen-antibody-complement complexes (EAC). Monocytes and macrophages also bear a receptor for EAC, but require the Mg++ ion for the attachment of EAC. A receptor for red cell IgG complexes (EA) is found on monocytes, but not on lymphocytes. Twenty-one mouse leukemias and lymphomas were examined for the presence of these receptors. None of the tumors studied bore the lymphocyte EAC receptor. One tumor bore both the monocyte EAC and EA receptors; two of the tumors bore the monocyte EA receptor alone. The binding of the IgG EA complex to both these tumor cells and to normal monocytes could be inhibited only by mouse myeloma proteins of the γF (γ1) and γH (γ2b) subclasses of mouse IgG.
The Localization of Oligosaccharides in a Human IgM Protein
Authors: Niedermeier William , Schrohenloher Ralph E. , Hurst Mary 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Fab-like fragments were prepared by proteolysis of IgM (Dauphine) with papain, pepsin and trypsin. Analysis of these products by gas chromatography for their carbohydrate composition led to the localization of an oligosaccharide between the N-terminus of the molecule and the site of cleavage by trypsin at 37° which contained 1 mol of fucose, 3 mols of mannose, 2 mols each of galactose and glucosamine and 1 mol of sialic acid. A second oligosaccharide was located in the hinge region. It contained 6 to 7 mols of mannose, 2 mols of galactose and 3 mols of glucosamine. The Fc portion of the molecule contains one or more oligosaccharides consisting collectively of 1 mol of fucose, 10 or 11 mols of mannose, 1 mol of galactose, 5 mols of glucosamine and 3 mols of sialic acid per H chain.
The Effect of Localized Injection of Adjuvant Material on the Draining Lymph Node
Authors: Taub Robert N. , Gershon Richard K. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The adjuvant effects of killed Bordetella pertussis organisms on the immune response to heterologous γ globulin was studied in normal, “T-cell-depleted” (thymectomized, irradiated, bone-marrow reconstituted) and thymus-marrow chimeric CBA mice.
Incorporation of B. pertussis with alum-precipitated equine γ globulin (EGG) as antigen potentiated the anti-EGG antibody response in normal mice, but not in T-cell depleted animals.
The draining lymph nodes of normal animals injected in the hind footpad with alum-precipitated bovine γ globulin (alum-BGG) showed a gradual rise in weight, followed by an increase in DNA synthetic activity as judged by uptake in the node of 125I-labeled 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine (IUDR). Normal animals given pertussis-incorporated antigen showed an accelerated and augmented lymph node weight increase, and a higher peak of DNA synthesis. In T-cell-depleted animals, lymph node weight and IUDR uptake were only slightly increased after alum-BGG, and were not further enhanced by using alum-BGG-pertussis.
Mitoses were more numerous in the draining nodes of CBA/HT6T6-CBA/H thymus-marrow chimeras given alum-BGG-pertussis than in such animals given alum-BGG only. At any given time during the response, however, the ratio of thymus-derived to marrow-derived mitoses was approximately the same in the two groups.
Normal mice given alum-BGG-pertussis showed histologic hyperplasia of the paracortical regions of draining lymph nodes, with increased numbers of small lymphocytes. In T-cell-depleted animals, paracortical hyperplasia occurred without a significant increase in colonizing small lymphocytes.
The data suggest that B. pertussis organisms act to augment the recruitment of recirculating thymus-derived cells to the paracortical regions of draining lymph nodes, and that subsequent cellular proliferation in the node is in part determined by the magnitude of this recruitment.
Fractionation of the Antigens of Canine Prostatic Fluid
Authors: Ahmed Umrana , Shulman Sidney 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Canine prostatic fluid was fractionated into three fractions by Sephadex G-100 chromatography. The pools of fractions were referred to as fractions A, S and F. Antigenic analysis by gel diffusion precipitation of fractions S and F revealed a reaction of identity between their major components, which were shown to be prostatic fluid-specific. An interesting immunologic interaction of these fractions was observed in the shortening of the main line of fraction S by the nearness of fraction F.
Fractions S and F were further purified by recycling through a column of Sephadex G-100. The purified fractions were designated S1 and F2. The antigenic components of fractions S1 and F2 also showed a reaction of identity in gel diffusion precipitation suggesting an antigenic similarity between the tissue-specific components of these fractions. That the components are not totally identical was shown by their different points of elution and by the immunoelectrophoretic analyses. Fraction F2 also inhibited the line of precipitation of fraction S1. The reason for this inhibition is not yet clear. However, some postulations have been made to explain the inhibition phenomenon.
Immune Hemolysis
Authors: Leddy John P. , Thiem Patricia A. , Leblond Pierre F. , Weed Robert I. , Lauf Peter K. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Enhancement of immune lysis of HK (MM) and LK (LM) sheep red cells by a high K+ medium did not require that the K+ be present during the action of rabbit hemolysin and complement on the cells. Preliminary exposure of these red cells to a high K+ buffer sufficed, and the K+ effect withstood vigorous washing of the treated cells. Enhancement of immune lysis by a high K+ medium was time, temperature and concentration dependent. It was also 80 to 90% inhibited by 10-4 M ouabain and much less effectively by equimolar G-strophanthidin, the aglycone of ouabain. The transition step from E* to ghost was not demonstrably affected by a high K+ medium. The ability of high concentrations of Rb+ or Li+ to enhance immune lysis was confirmed. Washing experiments suggested that these cations have lesser affinity for relevant sites on the red cell than K+, in the order K+ τ; Rb+ τ; Li+. The Rb+ and Li+ effects on lysis were also antagonized by ouabain.
Although these phenomena suggest certain similarities to the stimulation of the traditional red cell Na+-K+ pump, several important differences exist. It is suggested that the K+-induced increment in immune lysis is not directly related to pump activity but possibly to conformational changes in the cell membrane influencing the effectiveness of complement.
Immunochemical Cross-Reactions of Human Amyloid Proteins with Human Immunoglobulin Light Polypeptide Chains
Authors: Isersky C. , Ein D. , Page D. L. , Harada M. , Glenner G. G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Antisera to three human amyloid preparations were used to study antigenic relations between seven purified amyloid fibril proteins and 49 human Bence Jones proteins. Two of the amyloid proteins were antigenically similar to each other and shared antigenic determinants with 23 of 26 kappa light polypeptide chains. The other five amyloid proteins shared antigenic determinants among themselves and with 7 of 23 lambda light polypeptide chains. There was no evidence for either the presence or absence of an amyloid-specific antigenic determinant. These immunochemical data support the concept that the amyloid fibril proteins examined derive primarily from immunoglobulin light chains.
Release of Histamine and Slow Reacting Substance of Anaphylaxis (SRS-A) by IgE-Anti-IgE Reactions on Monkey Mast Cells
Authors: Ishizaka Teruko , Ishizaka Kimishige , Tomioka Hisao 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Lung cell suspensions were obtained from Macaca irus passively sensitized with E myeloma protein and human IgG. By autoradiography the myeloma protein was detected on mast cells whereas IgG was detected on macrophages and neutrophil granulocytes. Evidence was obtained that almost all histamine in the lung cell suspension was associated with mast cells. Histamine base per monkey mast cell was 3 to 5 pg. The reaction between mast cell-bound IgE and anti-IgE released both histamine and SRS-A, whereas IgG-anti-IgG reaction on macrophages released neither chemical mediator. The release of the chemical mediators by IgE-anti-IgE reaction on mast cells was inhibited by isoproterenol and by theophylline.
Initiation of Antibody Production to Sheep Erythrocytes in Vitro: Replacement of the Requirement for T-Cells with a Cell-Free Factor Isolated from Cultures of Lymphoid Cells
Authors: Gorczynski R. M. , Miller R. G. , Phillips R. A. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Using anti-θ serum, we obtained a population of spleen cells which was deficient in T-cell activity but, by all the tests applied, was unaffected in B- or A-cell activity. The response of this population was reconstituted, in vitro, by suspensions of cells known to be enriched in T-cell activity and containing few, if any, B- or A-cells. Supernatants from cultures containing appreciable numbers of T-cells incubated with antigen were also able to reconstitute this T-cell-depleted population. We speculate that these supernatants contain activity which replaces at least some of the normal T-cell function in the initiation of an immune response.
Two New Antigens of Human IgG, “Non b0” and “Non b1,” Related to the Gm System
Authors: Gaarder Per Ivar , Natvig Jacob B. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A hidden rheumatoid factor, reacting with a human IgG antigen, called “non b”, present on all Gm(b) negative IgG3 proteins, and also on all IgG1 and IgG2 proteins, but not on IgG3 Gm(b) or IgG4, was revealed by gel filtration. A similar specificity was demonstrated in two properly absorbed baboon antisera against human myeloma proteins. The “non b” antigen could be further divided into “non b1,” detected by the rheumatoid anti-“non b” and by one of the baboon antisera, and “non b0” detected by the other hetero-antiserum. The “non b0” antigen was present on the pFc′ and Fc′ fragments of human IgG, whereas “non b1” was found to be present on Fc outside pFc. This subdivision of “non b” was further supported by experiments with selected IgG3 myeloma proteins and anti-Rh antibodies.′
The “non b0” and “non b1” antigens reflect the close relationship among the IgG subclass proteins and may be valuable markers in studying the evolution of the IgG subclasses.
C3b Inactivator of Man
Authors: Ruddy Shaun , Hunsicker Lawrence G. , Austen K. Frank 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The C3b inactivator (C3bINA) contained in whole human serum has been purified by sequential diethylaminoethyl- and carboxymethyl-cellulose chromatography and polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis to yield a material which produces antibody to C3bINA when used to immunize rabbits. The specificity of the antibody for C3bINA was established by its ability to neutralize C3bINA activity in free solution. On Ouchterlony analysis against normal plasma, this anti-C3bINA gives a line of complete identity with antibody to conglutinogen activating factor (KAF) and a reaction of complete non-identity with antibody to β-2-glycoprotein II, the protein which has been found by others to be the C3 proactivator of the alternate pathway for activation of the late complement components.
Studies on Rabbit Lymphocytes in Vitro
Authors: Sell Stewart , Lowe Jennifer A. , Gell P. G. H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Antiallotypic stimulation of rabbit peripheral lymphocytes in vitro may be completely inhibited by the addition up to 36 to 42 hr after lymphocyte cultures have been initiated of serum containing the allotypic specificity to which the stimulating antiserum is directed. This inhibition results in a reversal of the transformation process so that enlarged lymphocytes return to a smaller size without going through mitosis. Piggy-back augmentation is also inhibited by the addition of antigen reacting with the primary stimulating antiserum. The observation that the continued presence or contact of stimulating antiserum with reacting cells is required to drive the cells to completion of the transformation process has important implications in regard to activities of lymphoid cells that require a proliferation phase for expression.
PCA Reactions in Guinea Pigs: Elicitation by Antigens of Related Structure and Inhibition by Haptens
Authors: Liacopoulos Panayotis , Harel Sara , Schechter Israël 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Peptide determinants with the structure D-Alan-Gly (n = 1 or 3) conjugated to ribonuclease were used to elicit in rabbits specific anti-peptide antibodies which precipitated with rabbit serum albumin (RSA) conjugates, containing the same peptides. These antibodies injected into the skin of guinea pigs produced typical passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reactions when the guinea pigs were challenged with the RSA conjugates. Cross-reactivity between the alanyl determinants was evaluated by challenging guinea pigs with RSA conjugates containing alanyl moieties which were either identical (homologous) or different (heterologous) from the alanine peptide in the immunogen. Elicitation of PCA with a dose of 2 mg of either the homologous or the heterologous antigens resulted in PCA reactions of equal size in the majority of cases. However, when 20 µg of the same RSA conjugates were employed, threshold amounts of antibodies were definitely lower when homologous antigen than when heterologous antigens were used. When series of free alanine peptides were injected intravenously to sensitized guinea pigs, it was found that in each system the homologous peptide was the most efficient inhibitor. In general, the degree of cross-reactions and susceptibility to inhibition by peptides were similar in precipitin tests and in PCA reactions. The results indicate that in addition to the immunodominant region other portions of the antigenic determinant contribute in a measurable degree to the activation of the antibody molecule for inducing histamine release.
Competition between L- and D-Synthetic Copolymers at the Level of the Macrophage
Authors: Gottlieb A. Arthur , Schwartz Ronald H. , Waldman Stephen R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Synthetic copolymers composed of l or d amino acids exhibit differential binding ability to the unique ribonucleoprotein (RNP) of peritoneal macrophage cells. The l-copolymers are bound eight to ten times as well as the d-copolymers. Despite the low level of binding of the d-copolymers, these compounds are capable of suppressing the binding of the l-copolymers to the RNP molecule. This effect appears to depend on the resistance of these polymers to catabolism as well as their high negative charge.
The Antigens of Varicella-Zoster Virus
Authors: Brunell Philip A. , Granat Miriam , Gershon Anne A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Precipitin antigen was prepared from cultures infected with V-Z virus. Five separate antigens were identified. Reactions with radiolabeled antigen were detected by autoradiography. Partial purification of antigens could be accomplished in a discontinuous sucrose gradient, yet too little antigen was recovered from DEAE to make this a practicable purification method. Most of the antigenic activity was eluted from G-200 Sephadex. Antigens were identified by their degree of chemical stability. The α antigen was the only one which was stable at pH 3. The β antigen was destroyed by CsCl or DOC. DOC released the γ Δ, and ε antigens from the infectious viral particle.
A Study on the Immunoglobulin Class of the Anti-A1 Isoagglutinin
Authors: Plischka H. , Schäfer E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
It is shown by DEAE-cellulose chromatography, gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 and by density gradient ultracentrifugation that there are IgG isoantibodies in O sera, which can differentiate between A1 and A2 red cells quite well. From this it is concluded that the difference between A1 and A2 red cells must be qualitative.
Immunogenicity of Bovine Serum Albumin and Its Oligopolymers in CBA Mice
Authors: Stark J. M. , Spitznagel J. K. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The monomer of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and its oligopolymers have been examined as immunogens in female CBA mice. When given intravenously the greatest ability not only to stimulate antibody formation but also to induce tolerance resided in the monomer. All forms were equally immunogenic if presented in complete Freund's adjuvant.
These findings are discussed in relation to the elimination rate which became faster with increasing molecular size of the BSA immunogen.
Thymus-Derived Lymphocytes Sequestered in the Bone Marrow of Hydrocortisone-Treated Mice
Authors: Cohen J. John 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Bone marrow cells from hydrocortisone-treated donor mice are immunocompetent by themselves after transfer with sheep erythrocyte antigens to irradiated syngeneic recipients. Such cell suspensions do not synergize with thymus. This indicates that such marrow, unlike normal marrow, contains both B and T lymphocytes. The immunocompetence of hydrocortisone-treated marrow is abolished by anti-θ serum and restored by thymus cells. These results are compatible with the sequestration of peripheral T lymphocytes in bone marrow after treatment with hydrocortisone.
Complement Fixation by Aggregated IgE through Alternate Pathway
Authors: Ishizaka Teruko , Sian Carmen M. , Ishizaka Kimishige 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Nonspecifically aggregated E myeloma protein fixed late component(s) of guinea pig and human C. Evidence was presented that the C fixation by the aggregate probably goes through an alternate pathway. Comparisons among aggregated Fc, aggregated F(ab′)2 and aggregated IgE with respect to the C-fixing activity showed that aggregated Fc had the highest C-fixing activity on a weight basis and indicated that structures essential for the reaction are present in the Fc portion of the molecules.
Adjuvant Action of Capsular Polysaccharide of Klebsiella Pneumoniae on Antibody Response
Authors: Nakashima Izumi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae (CPS-K) was shown to enhance markedly antibody response of mice to various antigens. The primary antibody response to bovine serum albumin (BSA) occurred more rapidly after an injection of BSA mixed with CPS-K than after injection of the same amount of BSA in Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA), although the peak antibody level in the serum after the primary injection became higher eventually in the latter mice. In secondary and tertiary responses, much more pronounced antibody response (occasionally more than 30 mg of antibody protein per ml) was induced in mice injected first with BSA mixed with CPS-K than in those injected originally with BSA in CFA. The adjuvant action of CPS-K was also much stronger than that of lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli and zymosan. CPS-K could induce the antibody response of mice to syngeneic eyeball extracts which are normally non-immunogenic.
The Ontogenetic Development of the Later Complement Components in Fetal Piglets
Authors: Geiger Hartmut , Day Noorbibi , Good Robert A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The ontogenetic development of the complement components C3, C5, C6, C7, C8 and C9 and of the C3 proactivator was studied in Minnesota miniature pigs. Hemolytic C3, C5, C6 and C7 were measurable in fetal piglets at early stages of embryonic life in low titers, but showed a striking increase between the 100th and 110th day of gestation. By contrast, the titers of hemolytic C8 and C9 increased regularly during embryonic life. The development of the C3 proactivator appeared to precede the development of its target, C3. When the interaction of pig serum with endotoxic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was studied, a marked difference was seen between fetal and adult pigs; whereas, in sera of adult pigs considerable amounts of C1 and C2 were consumed, no significant fixation of these complement components could be observed in sera of fetal piglets.
The Production of Anti-Idiotypic Antibodies to BALB/c Plasmacytoma Globulins in BALB/c Mice
Authors: Yakulis Vincent , Bhoopalam Nirmala , Heller Paul 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Slater, Ward and Kunkel (1) were the first to draw attention to the individual antigenic characteristics of myeloma globulins. Later it was determined that these globulins have the immunochemical properties of idiotypic antibodies with specific antigenic groupings in the variable portion of the Fab fragment (2–4). Antibodies to these determinants have been developed by prolonged immunization of rabbits with myeloma globulins and absorption of these antibodies with large amounts of normal γ globulin (2, 3), thus removing antibodies to the non-idiotypic components of the molecules. Absorption would not be required if immunization could be accomplished in a recipient with the same allotype as the donor.
The following report deals with the production of anti-idiotypic antibodies to BALB/c plasmacytoma globulins in normal BALB/c mice. The presence of such antibodies was demonstrated by hemagglutination, hemagglutination inhibition, and also in some instances by immunodiffusion.
Materials and Methods.
A Genetic Polymorphism of Peromyscus 7Sγ1 Globulins: Detection by Differences in Electrophoretic Mobility
Authors: Coe John E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A genetic polymorphism for electrophoretic variants of the 7Sγ1 globulin in the deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus artemisiae, was demonstrated. The electrophoretic mobility of the 7Sγ1 globulin (or its Fc piece) in an individual serum represented one of three phenotypes—a relatively homogeneous fast or slow migration or a heterogeneous fast-slow mobility. All three phenotypes were detected in male and female mice from laboratory-reared and wild populations. Results of breeding experiments indicated that the electrophoretic variants were the result of two codominant alleles of the 7Sγ1 H chain gene. The unusual expression of 7Sγ1 allotype by electrophoretic variants in both Peromyscus and Mus musculus suggests that this mutational event occurred in a common ancestor.