bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differing drivers of decline within a migratory metapopulation has implications for future conservation
Authors: Ozsanlav‐Harris Luke , Hilton Geoff M. , Griffin Larry R. , Walsh Alyn J. , Cao Lei , Weegman Mitch D. , Bearhop Stuart 
Published: July 2023

AbstractResearchers generally ascribe demographic drivers in a single sub‐population and presume they are representative. With this information, practitioners implement blanket conservation measures across metapopulations to reverse declines. However, such approaches may not be appropriate in circumstances where sub‐populations are spatiotemporally segregated and exposed to different environmental variation. The Greenland White‐fronted Goose, Anser albifrons flavirostris, is an Arctic‐nesting migrant that largely comprises two sub‐populations (delineated by northerly and southerly breeding areas in west Greenland). The metapopulation has declined since 1999 but this trend is only mirrored in one sub‐population and the causes of this disparity are unclear. Here we compare the drivers and trends of productivity in both sub‐populations using population‐ and individual‐level analysis. We examined how temperature and precipitation influenced population‐level reproductive success over 37 years and whether there was a change in the relationship when metapopulation decline commenced. In addition, we used biologging devices to remotely classify incubation events for 86 bird‐years and modelled how phenology and environmental conditions influenced individual‐level nest survival. Correlations between reproductive success and temperature/precipitation on the breeding grounds have weakened for both sub‐populations. This has resulted in lower reproductive success for the northerly, but not southerly breeding sub‐population, which at the individual‐level appears to be driven by lower nest survival. Earlier breeding ground arrival and less precipitation during incubation increased nest survival in the northerly breeding population, while no factors examined were important for the southerly breeding sub‐population. This suggests reproductive success is driven by different factor(s) in the two sub‐populations. Demographic rates and their environmental drivers differ between the sub‐populations examined here and consequently we encourage further decomposition of demography within metapopulations. This is important for conservation practitioners to consider as bespoke conservation strategies, targeting different limiting factors, may be required for different sub‐populations.
Alternative Functionalization of Hydrogen‐Bonded Diketopyrrolopyrrole Derivatives**
Authors: Martinez Gabriel , Ávila‐Rovelo Nelson Ricardo , Carmona‐Vargas Christian C. , Id‐boubrik Imrane , Ruiz‐Carretero Amparo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDiketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) derivatives with thiophene capping rings are widely used as semiconductors in organic electronics. Their optoelectronic properties can be adjusted by adding different electroactive groups or by extending the conjugation of the central core, as well as by regulating their self‐assembly through noncovalent interactions. One effective strategy demonstrated to improve the performance and morphology of organic solar cells is incorporating hydrogen‐bonding units into DPPs. While the functionalization of the DPP lactams and the coupling of aromatic units to the thiophene rings are the most common procedures to tune the properties of such derivatives, modifying the thiophene capping units with hydrogen‐bonding groups is a challenging synthetic task. Despite this difficulty, incorporating amide‐containing substituents into the thiophene rings of single core thiophene‐capped DPP derivatives could yield exciting results, as the advantages of having hydrogen‐bonded π‐conjugated systems based on these modified DPPs have not been explored thoroughly. This work reports on an efficient method for synthesizing such derivatives.
Rh promoted Ni over yttria–zirconia supported catalyst for hydrogen‐rich syngas production through dry reforming of methane
Authors: Al‐Fatesh Ahmed S. , Acharya Kenit , Osman Ahmed I. , Fakeeha Anish H. , Ibrahim Ahmed A. , Abahussain Abdulaziz A. M. , Bagabas Abdulaziz , Abasaeed Ahmed E. , Kumar Rawesh 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRh‐promoted YZr‐supported Ni catalyst (5Ni/YZr) is investigated for DRM and characterized with X‐ray diffraction, Raman, infrared spectroscopy, cyclic reduction–oxidation–reduction temperature programmed experiment, thermogravimetry, and transmission electron microscope. Over 5Ni/YZr, some active sites become inactive under the CO2 stream and limit H2 yield to ∼71%. Upon 4 wt% Rh addition over 5Ni/YZr; more than one type of stable active sites (Rh and Ni) generates, moderate basic sites are enhanced, wide ranges of CO2‐interacted surface species (especially bidentate CO2‐adsorbed species) are grown and graphitic carbon proportion over spent catalyst declines. This resulted in 87.35% H2 yield and 86.73% CO yield up to 420 min. 5Ni4Rh/YZr catalyst maintains ∼80% H2 yield at the end of 27 h of DRM reaction.
Regularized Poisson regressions predict regional innovation output
Authors: Xiang Li , Xuemei Hu , Junwen Yang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRegional innovation output is influenced by many factors such as macroeconomic environments, residents consumption, fixed asset investment, foreign trade, fiscal revenue and expenditure, education, and research and development (R&D) input. Correctly predicting regional innovation output is an important subject in the economic field. In this paper, we propose four regularized Poisson regressions to forecast regional innovation output for 31 provinces in China. Firstly, we screen out 20 important factors and combine with four penalties: ridge penalty , least absolute shrinkage and selection operator penalty (LASSO), smoothly clipped absolute deviation penalty (SCAD), and minimax concave penalty (MCP) to construct four regularized Poisson regressions. Secondly, we introduce the cyclic coordinate descent (CCD) algorithm and the training set to complete variable selection and obtain the least squares weighted iterative estimators and make model selection by introducing three criterions to compare goodness of fit to different models. Finally, we apply the testing set and the learned regressions to exhibit the prediction performances and found that SCAD/MCP regularized Poisson regression predicts better than /LASSO regularized Poisson regression in terms of root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). In particular, MCP regularized Poisson regression outperforms the other three regularized Poisson regressions in predicting the number of granted patents in the three regions.
Microglial depletion after brain injury prolongs inflammation and impairs brain repair, adult neurogenesis and pro‐regenerative signaling
Authors: Palsamy Kanagaraj , Chen Jessica Y. , Skaggs Kaia , Qadeer Yusuf , Connors Meghan , Cutler Noah , Richmond Joshua , Kommidi Vineeth , Poles Allison , Affrunti Danielle , Powell Curtis , Goldman Daniel , Parent Jack M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe adult zebrafish brain, unlike mammals, has a remarkable regenerative capacity. Although inflammation in part hinders regeneration in mammals, it is necessary for zebrafish brain repair. Microglia are resident brain immune cells that regulate the inflammatory response. To explore the microglial role in repair, we used liposomal clodronate or colony stimulating factor‐1 receptor (csf1r) inhibitor to suppress microglia after brain injury, and also examined regeneration in two genetic mutant lines that lack microglia. We found that microglial ablation impaired telencephalic regeneration after injury. Microglial suppression attenuated cell proliferation at the intermediate progenitor cell amplification stage of neurogenesis. Notably, the loss of microglia impaired phospho‐Stat3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) and ß‐Catenin signaling after injury. Furthermore, the ectopic activation of Stat3 and ß‐Catenin rescued neurogenesis defects caused by microglial loss. Microglial suppression also prolonged the post‐injury inflammatory phase characterized by neutrophil accumulation, likely hindering the resolution of inflammation. These findings reveal specific roles of microglia and inflammatory signaling during zebrafish telencephalic regeneration that should advance strategies to improve mammalian brain repair.
The robustness of persistent homology of brain networks to data acquisition‐related non‐neural variability in resting state fMRI
Authors: Kumar Sidharth , Shovon Ahmedur Rahman , Deshpande Gopikrishna 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThere is increasing interest in investigating brain function based on functional connectivity networks (FCN) obtained from resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). FCNs, typically obtained using measures of time series association such as Pearson's correlation, are sensitive to data acquisition parameters such as sampling period. This introduces non‐neural variability in data pooled from different acquisition protocols and MRI scanners, negating the advantages of larger sample sizes in pooled data. To address this, we hypothesize that the topology or shape of brain networks must be preserved irrespective of how densely it is sampled, and metrics which capture this topology may be statistically similar across sampling periods, thereby alleviating this source of non‐neural variability. Accordingly, we present an end‐to‐end pipeline that uses persistent homology (PH), a branch of topological data analysis, to demonstrate similarity across FCNs acquired at different temporal sampling periods. PH, as a technique, extracts topological features by capturing the network organization across all continuous threshold values, as opposed to graph theoretic methods, which fix a discrete network topology by thresholding the connectivity matrix. The extracted topological features are encoded in the form of persistent diagrams that can be compared against one another using the earth‐moving metric, also popularly known as the Wasserstein distance. We extract topological features from three data cohorts, each acquired at different temporal sampling periods and demonstrate that these features are statistically the same, hence, empirically showing that PH may be robust to changes in data acquisition parameters such as sampling period.
Clinical utility of diaphragmatic ultrasonography for mechanical ventilator weaning in adults: A study protocol for systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tashiro Naonori , Hasegawa Takeshi , Nishiwaki Hiroki , Ikeda Takashi , Noma Hisashi , Levack William , Ota Erika 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsMechanical ventilation is associated with several risks, including barotrauma, ventilator‐associated pneumonia, and ventilator‐induced diaphragmatic dysfunction. A delay in weaning from mechanical ventilation increases these risks, and prolonged weaning has been shown to increase hospital mortality. Various tools have been used in clinical practice to predict successful weaning from mechanical ventilation; however, they have a low prognostic accuracy. The use of ultrasonography in intensive care units is an area of growing interest since it is a noninvasive, convenient, and safe modality. Since ultrasonography can provide real‐time assessment of diaphragmatic morphology and function, it may have clinical utility in predicting successful mechanical ventilator weaning. This study aimed to describe a protocol to assess the effectiveness of diaphragmatic ultrasonography in the decision‐making process for ventilator weaning in terms of its impact on clinical outcomes.MethodsThis systematic review of published analytical research will use an aggregative thematic approach according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Protocols guidelines. We will perform a comprehensive search for studies on the MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. Two authors will independently perform abstract and full‐text screening and data extraction. Additionally, a meta‐analysis and the risk of bias evaluation will be conducted, as appropriate.ConclusionSystematic reviews on the effectiveness of diaphragmatic ultrasonography in the decision‐making process for ventilator weaning in terms of its impact on clinical outcomes are lacking. The results of this systematic review may serve as a basis for future clinical trials. Systematic review registration: This protocol was registered with the Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/cn8xf.
Adenine nucleotide carrier protein dysfunction in human disease
Authors: Mishra Gargi , Coyne Liam P. , Chen Xin Jie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAdenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) is the prototypical member of the mitochondrial carrier protein family, primarily involved in ADP/ATP exchange across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Several carrier proteins evolutionarily related to ANT, including SLC25A24 and SLC25A25, are believed to promote the exchange of cytosolic ATP‐Mg2+ with phosphate in the mitochondrial matrix. They allow a net accumulation of adenine nucleotides inside mitochondria, which is essential for mitochondrial biogenesis and cell growth. In the last two decades, mutations in the heart/muscle isoform 1 of ANT (ANT1) and the ATP‐Mg2+ transporters have been found to cause a wide spectrum of human diseases by a recessive or dominant mechanism. Although loss‐of‐function recessive mutations cause a defect in oxidative phosphorylation and an increase in oxidative stress which drives the pathology, it is unclear how the dominant missense mutations in these proteins cause human diseases. In this review, we focus on how yeast was productively used as a model system for the understanding of these dominant diseases. We also describe the relationship between the structure and function of ANT and how this may relate to various pathologies. Particularly, mutations in Aac2, the yeast homolog of ANT, were recently found to clog the mitochondrial protein import pathway. This leads to mitochondrial precursor overaccumulation stress (mPOS), characterized by the toxic accumulation of unimported mitochondrial proteins in the cytosol. We anticipate that in coming years, yeast will continue to serve as a useful model system for the mechanistic understanding of mitochondrial protein import clogging and related pathologies in humans.
Effects of polycaprolactone degradation products on the water flea, Daphnia magna: Carbodiimide additives have acute and chronic toxicity
Authors: Matsumoto Megumi , Ito Haruka , Tateishi Ayaka , Kobayashi Yasuaki , Satoh Kotaro , Numata Keiji , Miyakawa Hitoshi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPlastics have benefited our lives in many ways, but their long persistence in the environment causes serious problems. Rapid decomposition and detoxification of plastics after use are significant challenges. As a possible solution, biodegradable plastics have attracted attention, and for environmental risk assessment research on polymer toxicity, use of indicator organisms, like water fleas and fish, has increased globally. However, such research often focuses on standardized substances without considering changes in toxicity due to plastic degradation products. Additionally, tests generally focus on acute toxicity, while long‐term effects on organismal reproduction and lifespan are largely unknown. Understanding the impact of degraded polymers on biological activities is crucial for accurate risk assessment. In this study, we investigated the biological toxicity of substances generated during degradation of polycaprolactone (PCL), a common biodegradable plastic, using the indicator organism, Daphnia magna. We examined PCL, oligocaprolactones (OCLs), and monomers resulting from polymer cleavage, as well as carbodiimides, added during polyester synthesis. As a result, PCL, which is insoluble in water, reduced individual survival and total number of offspring at an exposure concentration of 100 mg/L, while no toxicity was observed for water‐soluble degradation products, OCLs, and monomers. Furthermore, carbodiimides, which are expected to be released during PCL degradation, showed strong toxicity, significantly reducing individual survival and total number of offspring at 0.1–10 mg/L. These findings suggest that changes in physical properties due to polymer degradation and release of additives can significantly alter their toxicity.
Associations between indoor air pollution for cooking and heating with muscle and sarcopenia in Chinese older population
Authors: Hu Zhigang , Tian Yufeng , Song Xinyu , Zeng Fanjun , Yang Ailan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundExposure to air pollution brings the advent effect for various diseases, but study about the relationship between air pollution and ageing is scant. We aimed to determine the associations between household air pollution for cooking and heating with muscle and sarcopenia in Chinese older population by a nationally representative study.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included individuals aged 60 and above from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study between 2011 and 2015. The diagnosis of sarcopenia was defined by low muscle mass with low muscle strength and/or reduced physical performance. Generalized additive analyses and dose‐dependent analyses with three models were used to assess the effects of different pattern of cooking and heating on muscle and sarcopenia.ResultsA total of 8126 Chinese older individuals with predominant male (53.7%) and mean age of 67.3 ± 6.0 years were included in our study. Solid fuel use in cooking showed significant declines in muscle strength (β = −0.424, 95% CI: −0.767, −0.082, P = 0.01 in model 3) and mass (β = −0.034, 95% CI: −0.051, −0.017, P < 0.01 in model 3), when compared with clean fuel use in cooking, respectively. Solid fuel for heating was correlated with lower muscle strength (β = −0.637, 95% CI: −1.033, −0.241, P < 0.01 in model 3) than clean fuel for heating. The joint use of solid fuel for cooking and heating was associated with reduced muscle strength (β = −0.835, 95% CI: −1.306, −0.365, P < 0.01 in model 3) and mass (β = −0.038, 95% CI: −0.061, −0.015, P < 0.01 in model 3) than clean fuel for cooking and heating. Solid fuel for cooking was associated with significantly increased risk of low muscle strength (adjusted OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.50, P < 0.01 in model 3) and mass (adjusted OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.61, P < 0.01 in model 3), possible sarcopenia (adjusted OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.19, 1.48, P < 0.01 in model 3) and sarcopenia (adjusted OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.72, P < 0.01 in model 3) compared with clean fuel for cooking. Solid fuel for heating had a significant correlation with low muscle strength (adjusted OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.56, P < 0.01 in model 3) and possible sarcopenia (adjusted OR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.31, 1.70, P < 0.01 in model 3). Dose‐dependent manner was shown in the associations between the number of solid fuel with low muscle strength and possible sarcopenia. Clean fuel for cooking and solid fuel for heating was positively associated with the prevalence of possible sarcopenia than clean fuel for cooking and heating (adjusted OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.57, P < 0.01 in model 3).ConclusionsOur findings suggested that solid fuel for cooking and the number of solid fuel use potentially facilitates the onset and progression of muscle loss and sarcopenia.
Multiyear versus single‐year El Niño events: Contrasting their impacts on South American seasonal precipitation
Authors: Mamani Jimenez Leonardo C. , Andreoli Rita V. , Kayano Mary Toshie , de Souza Rodrigo Augusto Ferreira , Ceron Wilmar L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDifferences in the seasonal distribution of precipitation over South America (SA) associated with single‐year (SY) and multiyear (MY) El Niño (EN) events were analysed based on reanalysis data for the 1901–2012 period. The results suggest that Pacific Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomalies associated with MY EN events interact with the tropical Atlantic and Indian Oceans SST from austral fall to spring, after the event's first year, affecting SA precipitation distribution in subsequent seasons. Compared to SY EN events, which reproduce well the north–south dipolar precipitation anomaly pattern over SA, the MY EN events show differences in the intensity and positioning of precipitation anomalies. Precipitation decreases over northern SA during all seasons are observed for SY and MY EN events except for differences in magnitudes. Variations in the position and longitudinal extension of the downward motions of Walker circulation in response to these events explain these differences. Over southern and southeastern SA, differences in anomaly positioning are more evident. The positive precipitation anomalies over these regions in the austral spring and summer are weakened and southward shifted during the MY EN in relation to those during SY EN events. These variations are associated with the Rossby‐wave train pattern path that depends on the EN and season. Consequently, the associated local atmospheric circulation patterns also depend on the season. The intense (weak) South American low‐level jet (SALLJ) for the first year of MY EN contrasts with the weak or inexistence (intense) SALLJ for the SY EN during summer (springer). Complementary to previous studies, the results indicate that the differences in the intensity and duration of the SY and MY EN events contribute to changes in the EN‐related atmospheric teleconnection pattern that impacts SA precipitation. The results can be useful for climate prediction and monitoring purposes.
Study on chemical constituents and fingerprints of Phellodendron amurense Rupr. based on ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole–time‐of‐flight–mass spectrometry
Authors: Feng Yuan , Zheng Yuguang , Xin Xiaodong , Guo Qiuhong , Hao Ying , Li Chunhua , Zhang Qingqing 
Published: July 2023

The chemical constituents from Phellodendron amurense Rupr. were characterized systematically by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography—quadrupole–time‐of‐flight–mass spectrometry method for collecting mass spectrometry data, and the fingerprints method was established, providing reference for its quality control. The chromatographic column was ACQUITY UPLC BEH‐C18 (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm). The mobile phase was acetonitrile‐0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and the compounds from P. amurense Rupr. were identified by Qualitative Analysis 10.0 software, reference substance, retention time, mass spectrometry fragmentation pattern and database retrieval. Meanwhile, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry fingerprint methods of P. amurense Rupr. and Phellodendron chinense Schneid. were established by using the similarity evaluation system of chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine (2012 edition), and the differences were analyzed by multivariate statistical analysis methods. A total of 105 compounds were identified, including 102 alkaloids, two phenolic acids, and one lactone compound. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry fingerprint method was established with ideal precision, stability and repeatability, and 12 quality differential markers were recognized between the above two herbs. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method can be used for qualitative analysis of the constituents of Phellodendron amurense Rupr., providing reference for clarifying the material basis and promoting the clinical precision medication and quality evaluation of P. amurense Rupr.