bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bilingual lips: Motor activation for second language word processing
Authors: Barragan Beatriz , Alvarado Elizabeth , Cordon Sandy , Samols Jacqueline , Zandona Michael 
Published: February 2023

Aims and objectives: Current research suggests that motor articulatory representations are relevant for optimal speech processing under difficult circumstances. The challenging situation of a second language (L2) listener mimics this sub-optimal condition; therefore, activation of motor brain regions to support L2 processing is expected. This study aimed to investigate if the motor system associated with speech articulators exerts an influence on processing bilingual acoustic inputs. Methodology: Thirty proficient bilinguals performed twice on a word-to-picture matching task: (1) while producing constant contraction of the orbicularis oris (OO) muscle interfering with the articulator’s movement and (2) while producing constant contraction of the first dorsal interosseus (index finger) muscle. Data and analysis: Accuracy and reaction times (RTs) were collected from the bilingual task during the experimental and control conditions. Two-way repeated measures analyses of variance were conducted to assess if constant contraction of articulators yielded a significant effect on word recognition in L1 and L2. Findings: Word recognition was significantly slower in L2 compared with the native language (L1) during articulator contraction. Task accuracy in L1 was marginally better during the finger muscle contraction compared with OO muscle contraction, and no difference in accuracy was found in L2. An interesting distinct speed-accuracy trade-off strategy for L1 and L2 was observed. The findings support the hypothesis of a motor system facilitatory effect on processing acoustic inputs in bilinguals. Originality: The role of motor components in language processing has been studied in challenging linguistic environments, but little has been done to identify its role in L2 processing. This study used an innovative behavioral strategy to interfere with articulatory muscles during word recognition. Significance: Our results provide evidence of motor system processing support to L2 word recognition. In addition, a bilingual tendency to sacrifice speed for accuracy in L2 compared with L1 is suggested.
Wound pH and Surface Temperature as a Predictive Biomarker of Healing in Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Authors: Prasad Mahindrakar Bhavani , Goswami Aakansha Giri , Huda Farhanul , Naithani Manisha , Basu Somprakas 
Published: February 2023

Aim To monitor wound pH and surface temperature as predictors of wound healing in diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). Methods Prospective, observational, time-bound study of 18 months, enrolling patients aged 18 to 60 years with uninfected DFU. The wound was assessed at baseline and after that, every week for 4 weeks according to the leg ulcer measurement tool (LUMT). Concurrently, wound surface pH and temperature were measured. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and a P-value < .05 was considered statistically significant. Results Fifty-four patients with DFU were included in the study with a mean age of 55 years and a male to female ratio of 1.57. The wound showed progressive improvement, a maximum mean LUMT score of 48.89 (± 2.81) at the initial evaluation and decreased progressively to the mean of 19.80 at week 4 (± 3.43), both of which were statistically significant ( P-value < .001). Similarly, the median wound pH progressively reduced from 7.7 at baseline to 7.20 in the fourth week, and median wound temperature decreased from 90°F (32.22 °C) at baseline to 85°F (29.44 °C) in the fourth week, both of which were statistically significant ( P-value < .001). Conclusion Progressive and significant change in wound pH to acidic and drop in wound surface temperature, both corresponding to improvement in the status of DFU, maximum at 4 weeks, make them valuable predictors of wound healing. However, further, more extensive studies are required to establish a concrete relationship.
Evaluation of Monteggia Fracture Outcomes: Acute to Chronic
Authors: Antoon Samuel F. , Russo Stephanie A. , Kozin Scott H. , Zlotolow Dan A. 
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Our study aims to characterize the results of Monteggia fractures treated in our practice and to determine factors associated with good or poor outcomes. Methods: A retrospective review of children aged 17 and under with acute, subacute, or chronic Monteggia fractures who were treated at our institution was performed. The primary outcomes were initial reduction and maintenance of joint reduction, while the secondary outcomes were elbow flexion/extension and forearm supination/pronation. Results: Seventeen patients with Monteggia fractures were identified. Two patients were excluded: 1 was lost to follow-up and 1 had congenital absence of the elbow flexors. Thus, our final cohort was 15 patients (acute n = 3, subacute n = 4, chronic group n = 8). Median final follow-up was 1.9 years (range = 34 days-8 years). Conclusion: Preoperative range of motion (ROM) was the most important factor in determining postoperative ROM in this cohort of patients with chronic Monteggia fractures. All patients who presented with excellent preoperative ROM, regardless of their timing category, had an excellent ROM outcome. Time from initial injury also played an important role. All patients in the acute and subacute categories had good or excellent postoperative ROM. Patients who were further from the initial injury were more likely to present with worse preoperative ROM and, in turn, had worse outcomes with postoperative ROM.
The Risk of Lymphedema After Breast Cancer Surgery Should Not Restrict Necessary Hand Surgery Interventions
Authors: Fitzgerald Michael J. , Galina Jesse , Kolodka Emily , Henig Ariel , Hasan Sayyida , Maltser Susan , Lane Lewis B. , Nellans Kate W. 
Published: February 2023

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of lymphedema onset or exacerbation in patients undergoing upper extremity interventions, both nonoperative and operative, after breast cancer surgery. Methods: The study inclusion criteria were the following: (1) prior history of breast cancer surgery or lymphedema from the cancer; (2) upper extremity intervention, ipsilateral to the breast cancer side; and (3) follow-up of at least 1 month. Patients were evaluated for demographic information, type of breast cancer procedure and hand intervention, number of lymph nodes dissected, preexisting lymphedema, exacerbation of lymphedema, and new-onset lymphedema. Results: A total of 161 patients undergoing 385 hand interventions (300 injections, 85 surgeries) were reviewed. Median follow-up was 31 months (range: 1-110). Nineteen patients had preexisting lymphedema ipsilateral to the hand procedure and none experienced an exacerbation of their lymphedema. Three patients developed new-onset lymphedema ipsilateral to their hand intervention at an average follow-up of 30 months (range: 4-67). One patient had a single injection and developed lymphedema over 5 years later. One had 2 injections in the same hand on the same date and developed lymphedema 3 months later. The third patient had 2 injections in the right hand, 1 injection and 1 surgery in the left hand, and developed either lymphedema or swelling due to rheumatoid arthritis in the right hand 1 year after the injections. Conclusions: Patients who have undergone breast cancer surgery can safely undergo upper extremity intervention with low risk of lymphedema exacerbation or onset.
Are we improving? Temporal trends in outcomes for mechanical thrombectomy for stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Kobeissi Hassan , Ghozy Sherief , Bilgin Cem , Kadirvel Ramanathan , Brinjikji Waleed , Kallmes David F 
Published: February 2023

Background In 2015, mechanical thrombectomy (MT) was deemed the standard of care for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in the anterior circulation due to large vessel occlusion (LVO). To determine if outcomes in patients treated with MT have changed, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods A systematic literature review of the English language literature was conducted using PubMed. We included RCTs that focused on patients with AIS treated with MT. The primary outcome of interest was good functional outcome defined as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0–2 at 90 days. Safety outcomes included rates of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and mortality at 90 days. Using Joinpoint Regression Analysis Program, we calculated the average annual percent change (AAPC) for the outcomes of interest. Results We included 23 RCTs with 5784 patients. The years of mid-enrollment among the included RCTs ranged from 2012–2020. There was an AAPC of +3.82% between 2012 and 2020 (95% CI 0.4 to 7.3; P-value = 0.033) in rates of good functional outcome. There was an AAPC of +6.98% between 2012 and 2020 (95% CI 0.5 to 13.9; P-value = 0.039) in rates of sICH. There was an AAPC of −0.49% between 2012 and 2020 (95% CI −4.4 to 3.5; P-value = 0.77) in rates of mortality. Conclusion Between 2012 and 2020, rates of good functional outcome and sICH increased, while rates of mortality remained consistent in RCTs investigating MT for AIS. Multiple factors likely influenced our results, including increased use of MT and utilization of adjunctive therapies alongside MT.
Normal preoperative endogenous testosterone levels predict prostate cancer progression in elderly patients after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Porcaro Antonio Benito , Panunzio Andrea , Bianchi Alberto , Cerrato Clara , Gallina Sebastian , Serafin Emanuele , Mazzucato Giovanni , Vidiri Stefano , D’Aietti Damiano , Orlando Rossella , Brusa Davide , Brunelli Matteo , Siracusano Salvatore , Pagliarulo Vincenzo , Cerruto Maria Angela , Tafuri Alessandro , Antonelli Alessandro 
Published: February 2023

Background: The impact of senior age on prostate cancer (PCa) oncological outcomes following radical prostatectomy (RP) is controversial, and further clinical factors could help stratifying risk categories in these patients. Objective: We tested the association between endogenous testosterone (ET) and risk of PCa progression in elderly patients treated with RP. Design: Data from PCa patients treated with RP at a single tertiary referral center, between November 2014 and December 2019 with available follow-up, were retrospectively evaluated. Methods: Preoperative ET (classified as normal if >350 ng/dl) was measured for each patient. Patients were divided according to a cut-off age of 70 years. Unfavorable pathology consisted of International Society of Urologic Pathology (ISUP) grade group >2, seminal vesicle, and pelvic lymph node invasion. Cox regression models tested the association between clinical/pathological tumor features and risk of PCa progression in each age subgroup. Results: Of 651 included patients, 190 (29.2%) were elderly. Abnormal ET levels were detected in 195 (30.0%) cases. Compared with their younger counterparts, elderly patients were more likely to have pathological ISUP grade group >2 (49.0% versus 63.2%). Disease progression occurred in 108 (16.6%) cases with no statistically significant difference between age subgroups. Among the elderly, clinically progressing patients were more likely to have normal ET levels (77.4% versus 67.9%) and unfavorable tumor grades (90.3% versus 57.9%) than patients who did not progress. In multivariable Cox regression models, normal ET [hazard ratio (HR) = 3.29; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.27–8.55; p = 0.014] and pathological ISUP grade group >2 (HR = 5.62; 95% CI = 1.60–19.79; p = 0.007) were independent predictors of PCa progression. On clinical multivariable models, elderly patients were more likely to progress for normal ET levels (HR = 3.42; 95% CI = 1.34–8.70; p = 0.010), independently by belonging to high-risk category. Elderly patients with normal ET progressed more rapidly than those with abnormal ET. Conclusion: In elderly patients, normal preoperative ET independently predicted PCa progression. Elderly patients with normal ET progressed more rapidly than controls, suggesting that longer exposure time to high-grade tumors could adversely impact sequential cancer mutations, where normal ET is not anymore protective on disease progression.
An International Systematic Review Concerning the Effect of Social Media Exposure on Public Compliance with Infection Prevention and Control Measures During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Wall Rachel , Evers Jean , Haydock Deborah 
Published: February 2023

Background Effective health communication is crucial for achieving positive population health outcomes. This is important for infection prevention and control (IPC), which relies on widespread public compliance to be effective. Whilst social media (SM) platforms disseminate health information, there is conflicting evidence to suggest their influence on compliance with public health guidelines. Objective To appraise the available evidence and determine the extent to which social media exposure contributes to public compliance with IPC measures. Methods A systematic protocol based on the MOOSE and PRISMA guidelines was followed. Observational studies were identified through systematic searches of four electronic databases and a hand search. Following data extraction, eligible studies were quality assessed, and the findings were integrated using narrative synthesis. Findings 15 studies were included. The studies located presented heterogeneous designs and findings. A weak positive association was identified, with 60% of the studies observing a positive association between social media and compliance with IPC measures. 26.7% identified a negative correlation, and 13.3% identified no correlation. Several factors were identified to mediate the relationship, including knowledge and conspiracy beliefs. Discussion This systematic review identified a weak positive correlation between exposure to social media and public compliance with recommended IPC measures, suggesting that social media should be utilised in future IPC related communication strategies. Social media provides a cost-effective, publicly accessible platform to disseminate accurate information, and neutralise misinformation. Recommendations are made for further research to reduce the uncertainty created by the identification of heterogenous studies.
Performance Assessment of Three Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Kölle Julia , Eichenlaub Manuel , Mende Jochen , Link Manuela , Vetter Beatrice , Safary Elvis , Pleus Stefan , Haug Cornelia , Freckmann Guido 
Published: February 2023

Background: FIND, the global alliance for diagnostics, identified the nonmarket-approved continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system, FiberSense system (FBS), as a potential device for use in low- and middle-income countries. Together with two market-approved, factory-calibrated CGM systems, namely, the FreeStyle Libre 2 (FL2) and the GlucoRx AiDEX (ADX), the FBS was subjected to a clinical performance evaluation. Methods: Thirty adult participants with type 1 diabetes were enrolled. The study was mainly conducted at home, with three in-clinic sessions conducted over the study period of 28 days. Comparator measurements were collected from capillary samples, using a high-quality blood glucose monitoring system. Results: Data from 31, 70, and 78 sensors of FBS, FL2, and ADX, respectively, were included in the performance analysis. The mean absolute relative differences between CGM and comparator data for FBS, FL2, and ADX were 14.7%, 9.2%, and 21.9%, and relative biases were −2.1%, −2.5%, and −18.5%, respectively. Analysis of individual sensor accuracy revealed low, moderate, and high sensor-to-sensor variability for FBS, FL2, and ADX, respectively. Sensor survival probabilities until the end of sensor life were 47.2% for FBS (28 days), 71.3% for FL2 (14 days), and 48.4% for ADX (14 days). Conclusions: The results of FBS were encouraging enough to conduct further performance and usability evaluations in a low- and middle-income country. The results of FL2 mainly agreed with existing studies, whereas ADX showed substantial deviations from previously reported results.
Large Hip Impingement Area and Subspine Hip Impingement in Patients With Absolute Femoral Retroversion or Decreased Combined Version
Authors: Boschung Adam , Antioco Tiziano , Novais Eduardo N. , Kim Young-jo , Kiapour Ata , Tannast Moritz , Steppacher Simon D. , Lerch Till D. 
Published: February 2023

Background: It remains unclear if femoral retroversion is a contraindication for hip arthroscopy in patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Purpose: To compare the area and location of hip impingement at maximal flexion and during the FADIR test (flexion, adduction, internal rotation) in FAI hips with femoral retroversion, hips with decreased combined version, and asymptomatic controls. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Twenty-four symptomatic patients (37 hips) with anterior FAI were evaluated. All patients had femoral version (FV) <5° according to the Murphy method. Two subgroups were analyzed: 13 hips with absolute femoral retroversion (FV <0°) and 29 hips with decreased combined version (McKibbin index <20°). All patients were symptomatic and had anterior groin pain and a positive anterior impingement test ; all had undergone pelvic computed tomography (CT) scans to measure FV. The asymptomatic control group consisted of 26 hips. Dynamic impingement simulation of maximal flexion and FADIR test at 90° of flexion was performed with patient-specific CT-based 3-dimensional models. Extra- or intra-articular hip impingement area and location were compared between the subgroups and with control hips using nonparametric tests. Results: Impingement area was significantly larger for hips with decreased combined version (<20°) versus combined version (≥20°) (mean ± SD; 171 ± 140 vs 78 ± 55 mm2; P = .012) and was significantly larger for hips with FV <0° (absolute femoral retroversion) vs FV >0° ( P = .025). Hips with absolute femoral retroversion had a significantly higher frequency of extra-articular subspine impingement versus controls (92% vs 0%; P < .001), compared to 84% of patients with decreased combined version. Intra-articular femoral impingement location was most often (95%) anterosuperior and anterior (2-3 o’clock). Anteroinferior femoral impingement location was significantly different at maximal flexion (anteroinferior [4-5 o’clock]) versus the FADIR test (anterosuperior and anterior [2-3 o’clock]) ( P < .001). Conclusion: Patients with absolute femoral retroversion (FV <0°) had a larger hip impingement area, and most exhibited extra-articular subspine impingement. Preoperative FV assessment with advanced imaging (CT/magnetic resonance imaging) could help to identify these patients (without 3-dimensional modeling). Femoral impingement was located anteroinferiorly at maximal flexion and anterosuperiorly and anteriorly during the FADIR test.
Relationship Between Activity Level and Knee Function Is Influenced by Negative Affect in Patients Undergoing Cell Therapy for Articular Cartilage Defects in the Knee
Authors: Hopkins Timothy , Roberts Sally , Richardson James Bruce , Gallacher Pete , Bailey Andrea , Kuiper Jan Herman 
Published: February 2023

Background: Increased activity level is generally reported to be positively related to improved knee function after knee surgery. However, little research has been conducted into this relationship on an individual patient basis, or the influence of demographic and psychosocial factors such as patient affect—the subjective experience of emotion. Hypothesis: The relationship between postoperative activity level and knee function will vary between patients and will be influenced by the patients’ affect and demographic characteristics. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Activity, knee function, demographic, and affect data were collected from patients enrolled in an ongoing trial for the treatment of articular cartilage lesions at preoperative and 2-, 12-, and 15-month postoperative points. Quantile mixed regression modeling was used to determine the patient-to-patient variation in activity level and knee function. Multiple linear regression and partial correlation analyses were performed to determine whether demographic characteristics and patient affect were associated with this variation. Results: A total of 62 patients were included in the study (23 female; 39 male; mean age, 38.3 ± 9.5 years). We found substantial variation between patients in the relationship between activity level and knee function, with most patients (n = 56) demonstrating a positive relation (positive slope), but 6 patients demonstrating a negative relation (negative slope). A negative affect (NA) score was significantly correlated with the slope between activity level and knee function ( r S = –0.30; P = .018) and was a significant individual predictor of knee function at 15 months postoperatively (coefficient = –3.5; P = .025). Conclusion: Our results suggest that the relationship between activity level and knee function varies between patients. The patients with a higher NA score were likely to report smaller improvements in knee function with increasing activity levels compared with those with a lower NA score.
Ocular adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors, a scoping review
Authors: Martens A. , Schauwvlieghe P. P. , Madoe A. , Casteels I. , Aspeslagh S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become an important part of the treatment of multiple cancers, especially for advanced melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer. Some tumors are capable of escaping immunosurveillance by stimulating checkpoints on T-cells. ICIs prevent activation of these checkpoints and thereby stimulate the immune system and indirectly the anti-tumor response. However, the use of ICIs is associated with various adverse events. Ocular side effects are rare but may have a major impact on the quality of life of the patient.MethodsA comprehensive literature search of the medical databases Web of Science, Embase and PubMed was performed. Articles that provided a comprehensive description of a case report containing 1) cancer patient(s) treated with (a combination of) immune checkpoint inhibitors, and 2) assessed occurrence of ocular adverse events, were included. A total of 290 case reports were included.ResultsMelanoma (n = 179; 61.7%) and lung cancer (n = 56; 19.3%) were the most frequent reported malignancies. The primary used ICIs were nivolumab (n = 123; 42.5%) and ipilimumab (n = 116; 40.0%). Uveitis was most the common adverse event (n = 134; 46.2%) and mainly related to melanoma. Neuro-ophthalmic disorders, including myasthenia gravis and cranial nerve disorders, were the second most common adverse events (n = 71; 24.5%), mainly related to lung cancer. Adverse events affecting the orbit and the cornea were reported in 33 (11.4%) and 30 cases (10.3%) respectively. Adverse events concerning the retina were reported in 26 cases (9.0%).ConclusionThe aim of this paper is to provide an overview of all reported ocular adverse events related to the use of ICIs. The insights retrieved from this review might contribute to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of these ocular adverse events. Particularly, the difference between actual immune-related adverse events and paraneoplastic syndromes might be relevant. These findings might be of great value in establishing guidelines on how to manage ocular adverse events related to ICIs.