bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nopol Production Over Sn‐MCM‐41 Immobilized in a Wall‐Coated Microreactor using Formaldehyde GeneratedEx‐Situ
Authors: García Diana C. , Sánchez Jorge H. , Martínez Juan D. , Alarcón Edwin A. , Villa Aída L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe kinetic study of the synthesis of nopol from β‐pinene and formaldehyde generatedex‐situwas carried out in a continuous flow process using Sn‐MCM‐41 wall‐coated microreactors of 1/8“ stainless steel tubes. The presence of Sn2+and Sn4+species was identified through XPS and TEM; the homogeneous distribution of tin on the support throughout the surface of the coating was verified by SEM analysis. Taylor flow regime and the kinetic control of the reaction were verified with hydrodynamic studies. A determination coefficient of 0.92 was obtained for the mathematical adjustment of the equation that described the reaction pathway obtained under the assumption of a dual‐site Langmuir‐Hinshelwood formalism with product desorption as the limiting step.
What did the scientific literature learn from internal company documents in the pharmaceutical industry? A scoping review
Authors: Gagnon Marc‐André , Dong Miaoran 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo identify all scientific papers that used internal industry documents in the pharmaceutical sector and analyze what and how the scientific literature learned about corporate influence in the pharmaceutical sector through these internal documents.DesignScoping review.MethodsUsing different series of keywords, we searched six databases, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, Business Source Complete, and PAIS, for peer‐reviewed journal articles analyzing pharmaceutical corporations' internal documents. We completed the scoping review using a purposive snowball sampling method to extract relevant case studies and peer‐reviewed journal articles from relevant articles' reference lists when our search keywords failed to capture them. To analyze the content of the literature and better categorize the types of corporate strategies at play in the pharmaceutical sector, we used categories of ghost‐management previously developed in the literature.ResultsWe identified 37 peer‐reviewed papers in the final results. All the articles included in the final results are published in English. Almost all articles obtained most of their internal document data through legal proceedings. All 37 articles unveil dynamic ghost‐management strategies that pharmaceutical corporations employ to safeguard their corporate interest. The strategies identified relate to scientific capture (n = 28), professional capture (n = 16), regulatory capture (n = 6), media capture (n = 3), market capture (n = 4), technological capture (n = 2), civil society capture (n = 4), and others (n = 2).ConclusionThe scientific literature using internal documents confirmed widespread corporate influence in the pharmaceutical sector. While the academic literature used internal documents related to only a handful of products, our research results, based on ghost‐management categories, demonstrate the extent of corporate influence in every interstice of pharmaceutical markets, particularly in clinical research and clinical practice. It also allows us to better refine the conceptual categories of ghost‐management to better map corporate influence and conflict of interest.
Analysis of perioperative corticosteroid therapy in children undergoing cardiac surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Daliu , Du Yongchun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe advantages and disadvantages of using corticosteroids in children undergoing cardiac surgery is still contentious. To examine how perioperative corticosteroids affect postoperative mortality and clinical outcomes in pediatric cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). We used MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database to conduct a comprehensive search up through January 2023. Children aged 0–18 undergoing cardiac surgery were included in the meta‐analysis of randomized controlled studies comparing perioperative corticosteroids with other therapeutic therapies, placebo, or no treatment. All‐cause hospital mortality was the primary endpoint of the study. Hospitalization duration was a secondary result. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool was used to evaluate the research quality. Ten trials and 7798 pediatric participants were included in our analysis. Children taking corticosteroids had no significant difference in all‐cause in‐hospital mortality using a random‐effect model with relative risk (RR) = 0.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.16–0.91, I2 = 79%, p = .03 for methylprednisolone and RR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.09–0.97, I2 = 80%, p = .04. For the secondary outcome, there was a significant difference between the corticosteroid and placebo groups, with pooled standard mean difference (SMD) = −0.86, 95% CI = −1.57 to −0.15, I2 = 85%, p = .02 for methylprednisolone and SMD = −0.97, 95% CI −1.90 to −0.04, I2 = 83%, p = .04 for dexamethasone. Perioperative corticosteroids may not improve mortality, but they reduce hospital stay compared to placebo. Further evidence from randomized controlled studies with larger samples is required for approaching at a valid conclusion.
Canny aspiration paraphernalia framework based healthcare monitoring system and secure medical interoperability
Authors: Narahari Narasimhaiah , Praveen Sam Rachapudi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe technology of the Internet of Things (IoT) is growing rapidly and is becoming a milestone in digital health surveillance. Catastrophic disruption, diminished accuracy level, inevitable health status, and insecure patient interoperability are key disadvantages to transfer data in healthcare monitoring. Therefore, this work proposed a novel framework named Canny Aspiration Paraphernalia Strategy which introduced Highbrow Data Conveyance Method (HDCM) that is utilized for analyzing and monitoring patients' health through gateways. To estimate and transfer higher priority data to the server, Hostage stimulating algorithm has been proposed and these higher priority data are estimated by Anticipatory Stochastic depiction depending on their present health circumstances, the imminent health state of the more closely associated patients were also estimated. Finally, the Yoke Layer Haven protocol secures medical interoperability by transferring data from the Sensor node to the server. Henceforth, by using all the above‐mentioned strategies in the Novel Framework, medical transmission is efficient for patients' health status monitoring and safe medical Interoperability. The proposed system is implemented in Spyder platform and the result obtained shows that the proposed system has a high throughput as well as data transmission rate which reduces the delay of network and encryption time due to the effective transmission of data using a medical wireless sensor system.
Accessing the Primary Solid–Electrolyte Interphase on Lithium Metal: A Method for Low‐Concentration Compound Analysis
Authors: von Holtum Bastian , Kubot Maximilian , Peschel Christoph , Rodehorst Uta , Winter Martin , Nowak Sascha , Wiemers‐Meyer Simon 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover is the group of Martin Winter at the University of Münster. The image shows idea of the developed sample treatment method enabling the accumulation of solid electrolyte interphase originating compounds. The Research Article itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202201912.
A guide and tools for selecting and accessing microclimate data for mechanistic niche modeling
Authors: Meyer Abigail V. , Sakairi Yutaro , Kearney Michael R. , Buckley Lauren B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMost ecological analyses and forecasts use weather station data or coarse interpolated, gridded air temperature data. Yet, these products often poorly capture the microclimates experienced by organisms that respond to fine‐scale spatial and temporal environmental variation near the surface. Sources of historic and projected future data with finer spatial and temporal resolution are proliferating. We qualitatively and quantitatively review and evaluate the available data on three core issues central to microclimate modeling: the quality of the input environmental data, the ability of algorithms to capture microclimatic processes given environmental forcing data, and how best to access microclimatic data. We show how differences between observed environmental conditions and those estimated using environmental forcing data, microclimate algorithms, and precomputed microclimate datasets can be substantial depending on the variable, location, and season. The choice of environmental dataset to parameterize biophysical models has ramifications for biological estimates, such as the duration of potential activity and incidence of thermal stress. New data sources offering high temporal and spatial resolution correspond well to observational data and have the potential to revolutionize understanding of the ecological implications of microclimate variability. We provide resources to help users select and access appropriate environmental data for biological applications, including users' guides and interactive visualization, to better infer how organisms experience climate variability and change.
Young, unemployed, excluded: Unemployed young adults report more ostracism
Authors: Albath Elianne A. , Büttner Christiane M. , Rudert Selma C. , Sibley Chris G. , Greifeneder Rainer 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOstracism—being excluded and ignored—is commonly investigated in experimental settings, leaving specific societal risk groups greatly unexplored. Here, we examined whether individuals’ employment status and age affect ostracism frequency and outsider feelings. Using panel data from two countries, we find that especially younger unemployed (vs. younger employed or older unemployed) adults report experiencing ostracism more frequently (SOEP‐IS; N = 1,750) and feeling more like outsiders (NZAVS; N ∼ 30,000 per wave). A subsequent survey study (N = 331) additionally tested three possible mediators for why younger (vs. older) unemployed individuals are more at risk of experiencing ostracism (occupational future time perspective [FTP], descriptive work norms, and work centrality). Moreover, unemployment stigma consciousness—expected stigmatisation—positively correlates with ostracism frequency and outsider feelings. The findings identify unemployed individuals as one at‐risk group for experiencing ostracism and make a first informative step in minimising ostracism experiences and their consequences for those affected.
Stationary solutions in applied dynamics: A unified framework for the numerical calculation and stability assessment of periodic and quasi‐periodic solutions based on invariant manifolds
Authors: Hetzler Hartmut , Bäuerle Simon 
Published: April 2023

SummaryThe determination of stationary solutions of dynamical systems as well as analyzing their stability is of high relevance in science and engineering. For static and periodic solutions a lot of methods are available to find stationary motions and analyze their stability. In contrast, there are only few approaches to find stationary solutions to the important class of quasi‐periodic motions–which represent solutions of generalized periodicity–available so far. Furthermore, no generally applicable approach to determine their stability is readily available. This contribution presents a unified framework for the analysis of equilibria, periodic as well as quasi‐periodic motions alike. To this end, the dynamical problem is changed from a formulation in terms of the trajectory to an alternative formulation based on the invariant manifold as geometrical object in the state space. Using a so‐called hypertime parametrization offers a direct relation between the frequency base of the solution and the parametrization of the invariant manifold. Over the domain of hypertimes, the invariant manifold is given as solution to a PDE, which can be solved using standard methods as Finite Differences (FD),Fourier‐Galerkin‐methods (FGM) or quasi‐periodic shooting (QPS). As a particular advantage, the invariant manifold represents the entire stationary dynamics on a finite domain even for quasi‐periodic motions – whereas obtaining the same information from trajectories would require knowing them over an infinite time interval. Based on the invariant manifold, a method for stability assessment of quasi‐periodic solutions by means of efficient calculation ofLyapunov‐exponents is devised. Here, the basic idea is to introduce a Generalized Monodromy Mapping, which may be determined in a pre‐processing step: using this mapping, theLyapunov‐exponents may efficiently be calculated by iterating this mapping.
Gene‐level association analysis of bivariate ordinal traits with functional regressions
Authors: Wang Shuqi , Chiu Chi‐Yang , Wilson Alexander F. , Bailey‐Wilson Joan E. , Agron Elvira , Chew Emily Y. , Ahn Jaeil , Xiong Momiao , Fan Ruzong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn genetic studies, many phenotypes have multiple naturally ordered discrete values. The phenotypes can be correlated with each other. If multiple correlated ordinal traits are analyzed simultaneously, the power of analysis may increase significantly while the false positives can be controlled well. In this study, we propose bivariate functional ordinal linear regression (BFOLR) models using latent regressions with cumulative logit link or probit link to perform a gene‐based analysis for bivariate ordinal traits and sequencing data. In the proposed BFOLR models, genetic variant data are viewed as stochastic functions of physical positions, and the genetic effects are treated as a function of physical positions. The BFOLR models take the correlation of the two ordinal traits into account via latent variables. The BFOLR models are built upon functional data analysis which can be revised to analyze the bivariate ordinal traits and high‐dimension genetic data. The methods are flexible and can analyze three types of genetic data: (1) rare variants only, (2) common variants only, and (3) a combination of rare and common variants. Extensive simulation studies show that the likelihood ratio tests of the BFOLR models control type I errors well and have good power performance. The BFOLR models are applied to analyze Age‐Related Eye Disease Study data, in which two genes, CFH and ARMS2, are found to strongly associate with eye drusen size, drusen area, age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) categories, and AMD severity scale.
Hierarchical categorization learning is associated with representational changes in the dorsal striatum and posterior frontal and parietal cortex
Authors: Frank Sebastian M. , Maechler Marvin R. , Fogelson Sergey V. , Tse Peter U. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLearning and recognition can be improved by sorting novel items into categories and subcategories. Such hierarchical categorization is easy when it can be performed according to learned rules (e.g., “if car, then automatic or stick shift” or “if boat, then motor or sail”). Here, we present results showing that human participants acquire categorization rules for new visual hierarchies rapidly, and that, as they do, corresponding hierarchical representations of the categorized stimuli emerge in patterns of neural activation in the dorsal striatum and in posterior frontal and parietal cortex. Participants learned to categorize novel visual objects into a hierarchy with superordinate and subordinate levels based on the objects' shape features, without having been told the categorization rules for doing so. On each trial, participants were asked to report the category and subcategory of the object, after which they received feedback about the correctness of their categorization responses. Participants trained over the course of a one‐hour‐long session while their brain activation was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Over the course of training, significant hierarchy learning took place as participants discovered the nested categorization rules, as evidenced by the occurrence of a learning trial, after which performance suddenly increased. This learning was associated with increased representational strength of the newly acquired hierarchical rules in a corticostriatal network including the posterior frontal and parietal cortex and the dorsal striatum. We also found evidence suggesting that reinforcement learning in the dorsal striatum contributed to hierarchical rule learning.
Adolescent brain development in girls with Turner syndrome
Authors: Lozano Wun Vanessa , Foland‐Ross Lara C. , Jo Booil , Green Tamar , Hong David , Ross Judith L. , Reiss Allan L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTurner syndrome (TS) is a common sex chromosome aneuploidy in females associated with various physical, cognitive, and socio‐emotional phenotypes. However, few studies have examined TS‐associated alterations in the development of cortical gray matter volume and the two components that comprise this measure—surface area and thickness. Moreover, the longitudinal direct (i.e., genetic) and indirect (i.e., hormonal) effects of X‐monosomy on the brain are unclear. Brain structure was assessed in 61 girls with TS (11.3 ± 2.8 years) and 55 typically developing girls (10.8 ± 2.3 years) for up to 4 timepoints. Surface‐based analyses of cortical gray matter volume, thickness, and surface area were conducted to examine the direct effects of X‐monosomy present before pubertal onset and indirect hormonal effects of estrogen deficiency/X‐monosomy emerging after pubertal onset. Longitudinal analyses revealed that, whereas typically developing girls exhibited normative declines in gray matter structure during adolescence, this pattern was reduced or inverted in TS. Further, girls with TS demonstrated smaller total surface area and larger average cortical thickness overall. Regionally, the TS group exhibited decreased volume and surface area in the pericalcarine, postcentral, and parietal regions relative to typically developing girls, as well as larger volume in the caudate, amygdala, and temporal lobe regions and increased thickness in parietal and temporal regions. Surface area alterations were predominant by age 8, while maturational differences in thickness emerged by age 10 or later. Taken together, these results suggest the involvement of both direct and indirect effects of X‐chromosome haploinsufficiency on brain development in TS.
Clinical characteristics and pathogen analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in elderly patients with community‐acquired pneumonia
Authors: Guo Rui‐Nan , Dan Zhang , Fan Zhu , Jin Jing‐Jing , Li Cai‐Hong , Liu Bai‐Yi , Li Xue‐Juan , Huang Yan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the clinical characteristics and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid pathogens in elderly patients with community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP).MethodsThis was a retrospective observational epidemiological study using that elderly cases diagnosed with community‐acquired pneumonia receiving treatment at the Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Technology, Tangshan Hongci Hospital and Tangshan Fengnan District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. A total of 92 cases were divided into two groups according to age. There were 44 patients over 75‐year‐old and 48 patients between 65 and 74‐year‐old.ResultsCompared with the elderly 65 to 74‐year‐old, the elderly over 75‐year‐old with diabetes are more likely to suffer from CAP (35.42% vs. 63.64%, p = 0.007) and are more likely to have mixed infections (6.25% vs. 22.73%, p = 0.023) or larger lesions (45.83% vs. 68.18%, p = 0.031). Their hospital stays will also be extended (39.58% vs. 63.64%, p = 0.020), and the albumin level (37.51 ± 8.92 vs. 30.93 ± 6.58, p = 0.000), the neutrophils level (9.09(6.26–10.63) vs. 7.18(5.35–9.17),p = 0.026) is significantly lower and the d‐dimer (505.42 ± 197.12 vs. 611.82 ± 195.85, p = 0.011), PCT (0.08 ± 0.04 vs. 0.12 ± 0.07, p = 0.001) levels are significantly higher.ConclusionThe clinical symptoms and signs of elderly CAP patients are not so typical, and the infection is more serious. Attention should therefore be paid to elderly patients. Hypoalbuminemia and high d‐dimer can predict the prognosis of patients.
A Laplace–Hamming Binarization Approach for Second‐Generation HR‐pQCT Rescues Fine Feature Segmentation
Authors: Sadoughi Saghi , Subramanian Aditya , Ramil Gabby , Burghardt Andrew J , Kazakia Galateia J 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTAlthough second‐generation high‐resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (XCTII) provides the highest‐resolution in vivo bone microstructure assessment, the manufacturer's standard image processing protocol omits fine features in both trabecular and cortical compartments. To optimize fine structure segmentation, we implemented a binarization approach based on a Laplace–Hamming (LH) segmentation and documented the reproducibility and accuracy of XCTII structure segmentation using both the standard Gaussian‐based binarization and the proposed LH segmentation approach. To evaluate reproducibility, 20 volunteers (9 women, 11 men; aged 23–75 years) were recruited, and three repeat scans of the radii and tibias were acquired using the manufacturer's standard in vivo protocol. To evaluate accuracy, cadaveric structure phantoms (14 radii, 6 tibias) were scanned on XCTII using the same standard in vivo protocol and on μCT at 24.5 μm resolution. XCTII images were analyzed twice—first, with the manufacturer's standard patient evaluation protocol and, second, with the proposed LH segmentation approach. The LH approach rescued fine features evident in the grayscale images but omitted or overrepresented (thickened) by the standard approach. The LH approach significantly reduced error in trabecular volume fraction (BV/TV) and thickness (Tb.Th) compared with the standard approach; however, higher error was introduced for trabecular separation (Tb.Sp). The LH approach improved the correlation between XCTII and μCT for cortical porosity (Ct.Po) and significantly reduced error in cortical pore diameter (Ct.Po.Dm) compared with the standard approach. The LH approach resulted in improved precision compared with the standard approach for BV/TV, Tb.Th, Ct.Po, and Ct.Po.Dm at the radius and for Ct.Po at the tibia. Our results suggest that the proposed LH approach produces substantially improved binary masks, reduces proportional bias, and provides greater accuracy and reproducibility in important outcome metrics, all due to more accurate segmentation of the fine features in both trabecular and cortical compartments. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Autophagy‐dependent regulation of MHC‐I molecule presentation
Authors: Gestal‐Mato Uxia , Herhaus Lina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules present peptide antigens to MHC class I‐restricted CD8+ T lymphocytes to elicit an effective immune response. The conventional antigen‐processing pathway for MHC‐I presentation depends on proteasome‐mediated peptide generation and peptide loading in the endoplasmic reticulum by members of the peptide loading complex. Recent discoveries in this field highlight the role of alternative MHC‐I peptide loading and presentation pathways, one of them being autophagy. Autophagy is a cell‐intrinsic degradative pathway that ensures cellular homoeostasis and plays critical roles in cellular immunity. In this review article, we discuss the role of autophagy in MHC class I‐restricted antigen presentation, elucidating new findings on the crosstalk of autophagy and ER‐mediated MHC‐I peptide presentation, dendritic cell‐mediated cross‐presentation and also mechanisms governing immune evasion. A detailed molecular understanding of the key drivers of autophagy‐mediated MHC‐I modulation holds promising targets to devise effective measures to improve T cell immunotherapies.