bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Problems of protection in Ukraine and foreign experience of prevention from domestic violence
Authors: Kovalenko I. 
Published: September 2023

The article examines the problem of domestic violence, which, unfortunately, is taking place in Ukraine today. Over the past 3 years, Ukraine has been shackled by various factors that greatly affect the psychological state of people. First it’s a pandemic, now it’s a war. Specialists do not have time to develop measures that would prevent the occurrence of this type of violence. However, it is impossible to predict exactly.
Problems of protection against domestic violence can be divided into several main groups.
Lack of effective legislation and its application: Often the legislation does not meet the needs of the times and does not contain a sufficient number of protective mechanisms. In addition, existing laws are often not applied effectively enough, as a result of which rapists remain outside justice.
Socio-economic factors: Low level of socio-economic development of the region, low education and cultural level of families, dangerous traditions and beliefs that support violence can contribute to the spread of domestic violence.
Persistent stereotypes and low educational and informational culture: Victims often do not seek help due to persistent stereotypes regarding the role of men and women in the family, fear of society’s reaction and fear of losing children, as well as due to a low educational and informational culture that does not provide opportunities consciously recognize the problem and look for ways to solve it.
Inadequate help and support for victims: Victims are not always given enough help and support after seeking help, which can lead to them remaining in the relationship with the abuser.
Inadequate work with rapists: Usually, various forms of punishment are used for rapists, but until sufficient work is done to rehabilitate them, the problem of domestic violence will not go away.
Another problem is that many victims of domestic violence do not seek help from law enforcement or social services because of fear, distrust of the system, or financial dependence on the abuser. Therefore, it is important to improve mechanisms for victims to seek help, to ensure confidentiality and safety during the application, as well as to ensure that victims understand that their rights will be protected.
The relationship between the victim and the victim of a criminal offense
Authors: Tkachenko I. 
Published: September 2023

The article examines topical issues of correlation between the victim in criminal law and the gestures of a criminal offense in criminology. This makes it possible not only to identify common and distinctive features of these categories, but also to better understand their legal nature, to determine the prospects for improving legislation in this area of legal regulation, and also to outline the boundaries of victimization prevention of crimes and criminal offenses.
The author establishes that the criminological term « gestures « is certainly based on the criminal law term «victim». A victim of a criminal offense is understood primarily as an injured individual who is recognized as such in accordance with the provisions of criminal law or criminal and criminal procedure law. However, some criminologists do not limit themselves to them and identify other persons who have suffered damage not directly but indirectly. A victim of a criminal offense is characterized not only by criminal law features, but also by other features which are not of criminal law significance.
The author argues that the main criteria for distinguishing between a victim and an injured person are as follows: 1) these categories belong to different characteristics of criminal offenses (criminological and criminal law); 2) they are characterized by different features; 3) they have different purposes.
Despite the fact that the gestures of a criminal offense is usually recognized as an individual, the object of criminological research should also be legal entities that have suffered damage as a result of a crime or criminal offense. Although they are not necessarily called gestures of a criminal offense.
Artificial intelligence in judicial proceedings and court decisions, potential and risks
Authors: Byelov D. , Bielova M. 
Published: September 2023

This article traces the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in the judiciary and its impact on judicial decision- making processes. It explores the potential of AI in the field of justice, and also reveals the potential risks associated with its use.
The article examines various applications of AI in the judicial system, including automated processing of legal information, analysis of large volumes of data, prediction of court decisions and the use of assistant robots to support judges in decision-making. The use of AI can speed up judicial processes, improve access to justice and reduce the influence of the human factor on judicial decisions.
However, the article also draws attention to the potential risks of using AI in the judiciary. These risks include the possibility of algorithmic unfairness, lack of transparency of algorithms, breaches of data confidentiality and privacy, and liability issues for errors that may be made by AI. The authors of the article recommend considering these risks when implementing AI in the judiciary and developing ethical standards and legal frameworks for its use.
The general goal of the article is a balanced coverage of the potential and risks of AI in the judiciary, which helps readers get an objective picture of innovations in the field of the judicial system and their impact on the process of judicial decision-making.
The article also explores the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the judiciary and its impact on judicial decisions in global practice. It review current trends, problems and prospects related to the use of AI in the legal system. It also analyzez the legal, ethical and social aspects of the involvement of AI in court procedures. In addition, the article offers conclusions and recommendations for the further development of this technology in legal practice.
Regarding the need for a differentiated approach in the aspect of determining programs for improving the qualifications of Ukrainian lawyers in conditions of digitalization
Authors: Zaborovskyy V. 
Published: September 2023

This article is devoted to revealing the essence of a lawyer’s professional duty to improve his qualifications, primarily through the prism of the lawyer’s right to choose the types of such improvement and by clarifying the feasibility of the existence of various programs aimed at its improvement .The necessity of various types of professional development programs that would primarily take into account the lawyer’s experience (for those who have experience in practicing law and young lawyers) is argued.
Within the framework of this article, the content and problems of the implementation of the program for improving the qualifications of young lawyers were investigated. The experience of foreign countries is revealed, regarding both the definition of the «young lawyer» category in general, and the specifics of the programs for improving their qualifications. Attention is focused on the need for the Higher School of Advocacy of the National Bar Association of Ukraine to develop the «Young Lawyer» modular program and to make it free of charge, taking into account the payment of contributions by such lawyers specifically to ensure the implementation of lawyer self-governance, one of the main duties of which is to maintain a high professional level of lawyers.
The article also focuses on the expediency of approving training programs for other persons who have one or another relation to the practice of advocacy. A conclusion is made regarding the positive nature of the development by the Higher School of Advocacy of the National Association of Lawyers of Ukraine of special, adaptation courses (instructions) of professional development for interns, assistant attorneys and individuals, in case of renewal of their right to engage in advocacy and the availability of their completion (online).
To achieve the goal, the author used the methods characteristic of legal science, and the research was conducted primarily using systemic-structural and comparative-legal methods, as well as the dialectical method of learning legal reality.
Analysis of the concept of «access to court» in judicial practice
Authors: Klymkovych I. 
Published: September 2023

The right to access to justice is an element of the inalienable right of a citizen, a right protected by the constitution itself. The principles governing the rights of access to justice are the inalienability of the jurisdiction from which the constitutional processes are initiated, enshrining the guarantee of the fundamental right. From this analysis, it is intended to question the guarantees and principles that provide for human rights, supported by judicial guarantees, in order to fully implement basic and social rights that raise, develop, guarantee the maximum amount of life in its fullness. Access to justice does not mean that it merely provides an opportunity to initiate proceedings, but rather that the process achieves a just, satisfactory and effective resolution.
Access to justice has two main goals: the first is that the judicial system is accessible and egalitarian for all citizens, and the second is that outcomes are fair to individuals in society. The concept of access to justice has undergone several transformations over time. One perspective was to guarantee the citizen access to the judiciary and consider it as an instrument of jurisdiction with social goals, forcing the population to assert more and more of their rights, using the legal process as a means. However, access to justice is a fundamental right of great importance, it is a public right, which a democratic legal state is obliged to guarantee and ensure; This is a subjective right that is part of human dignity.
Every person has the right to demand from the state proper protection of his rights and maximum space for the court. Based on this statement, it is the duty of the state to structure itself in such a way as to exercise judicial rights through the pedagogy of improving and modernizing the legal order, considering the parameters of justice, efficiency and speed.
Peculiarities of payment of local taxes by enterprises during the legal regime of martial law
Authors: Kuzmenko O. , Chorna V. 
Published: September 2023

In the conditions of war, special attention is paid to the strengthening of public administration and local self-government in order to strengthen the state in order to provide a powerful repulse to the enemy and the possibility of restoring the economy of Ukraine. The development of local self-government is particularly important as it encourages the creation of a full-fledged living environment for citizens, the provision of high-quality and accessible public services, the establishment of institutions of direct people’s power, and the coordination of the interests of the state and territorial communities. The basis of the development of local self-government is the formation of local budgets, which today have significantly decreased due to the decrease in the number of the population, bankruptcy of private enterprises, etc. It should be noted that today the economic activity of business has decreased by 50 percent, and about 8 million Ukrainians are abroad. A large number of Ukrainian citizens became internal migrants. The damage caused by missile attacks to our infrastructural facilities exceeded 40 billion dollars. Each missile attack worsens the financial results of entrepreneurs, causing a decrease in earnings, a decrease in wages for employees, along with this, and tax revenues. That is why the main task for the development of territorial communities is the implementation of effective reforms that will make it possible to increase the resource and financial base.
It was noted that the liberalization of taxation during the war is a forced anti-crisis measure. Lowering the rates of excise tax, value added tax, introduction of a single tax of 2% for virtually all enterprises, easing of the administrative burden on taxpayers, deregulation of business and loosening of tax control helped business survive the shock. These measures helped enterprises to focus on personnel problems, readjust business to extreme working conditions, search for new opportunities for recovery and adjustment of production. They did not deal with the issues of finding resources and means for calculating and paying taxes. While the introduced changes are temporary and short-lived, they will cease after the end of the war and the stabilization of the situation. That is why, after the recovery of business activity and reduction of the unemployment rate, the state should return to the permanent post-crisis model of taxation.
Theoretical and legal characteristics of the administrative activities of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine
Authors: Kushnir I. , Demchyk N. , Adamchuk S. 
Published: September 2023

The article is devoted to the theoretical and legal characteristics of the administrative activity of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine.
The change and complication of the nature of threats to border security lead to the adjustment of the structure and functions of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine, which, in order to ensure the fulfillment of the tasks assigned by the law, implements administrative and legal norms (executes administrative powers), the specification of which is manifested in the implementation of administrative activities, and its bodies and divisions are participants in administrative and legal relations. The transformation in the sphere of protection of the state border of Ukraine, associated with the change of threats on the state border and the reorientation of the activities of the executive authorities on European principles, led to the need to study the administrative activities of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine. Based on the application of dialectical, formal- logical, hermeneutic and comparative methods, various approaches to the understanding of administrative activity were analyzed, the peculiarities and types of administrative activity of the State Border Service of Ukraine were characterized, and the author’s understanding of this concept was formulated.
Features of implementation of types of administrative activities of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine depending on their purpose are characterized: intervention activity, facilitating activity, security activity.
It is proposed to understand the administrative activity of the State Border Service of Ukraine as an executive activity regulated by administrative and legal norms, carried out within the scope of the tasks and powers of officials of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine (administrative rights and duties), aimed at the implementation of assigned functions and satisfaction of public interest , interests of Ukrainian citizens, foreign citizens and stateless persons in the sphere of state border protection. Administrative activity is divided into intra-organizational and external (public administration). Attention is focused on the lack of a single approach to understanding administrative activity and public administration. Directions for further scientific research are outlined in accordance with the subject of this article.
Zukunft Landwirtschaft 2030: Ein partizipativer Strategieprozess für die oberösterreichische Landwirtschaft
Authors: Thur Magdalena , Jungmair Julia Anna , Kasparek-Koschatko Vera , Pöchtrager Siegfried , Schwabl Viktor 
Published: September 2023

Zusammenfassung
Land- und forstwirtschaftliche Leistungen stellen unentbehrliche Werte für die Gesellschaft dar. Um diese auch in Zukunft zu sichern, initiierte das Land Oberösterreich den Strategieprozess „Zukunft Landwirtschaft 2030“.
Der Methodenmix zur Entwicklung einer erstrebenswerten Zukunftsvision für Land- und Forstwirt:innen und von Schritten für deren Umsetzung umfasste fünf Dialogplattformen, zwei World Cafés und neun Fokusgruppen-Diskussionen. Am partizipativen Prozess waren über 1000 Personen beteiligt, darunter landwirtschaftliche Betriebsleiter:innen, Funktionär:innen, Medienvertreter:innen und Vertreter:innen der Zivilgesellschaft.
Die Auswertung der gesammelten Daten erfolgte mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse. Diese resultierte in einer Charakterisierung des Selbstverständnisses und der angestrebten Entwicklung der Beteiligten sowie in einer Sammlung von Missionen, denen jeweils Ziele und Maßnahmen zugeordnet sind. Im Strategieprozess wurden vier „Partner:innen“ als relevante kooperative Akteur:innen für die Umsetzung der angestrebten „Zukunft Landwirtschaft 2030“ identifiziert. Neben der Land- und Forstwirtschaft sind dies die Medien, die Politik sowie die Konsument:innen, deren partnerschaftliches Engagement aus Sicht der Teilnehmer:innen als entscheidend für die zukunftsfähige Entwicklung der Landwirtschaft betrachtet wird.
Die Diskussion zeigt, dass hinsichtlich der Missionen, Ziele und Maßnahmen weitgehende Übereinstimmungen mit rezenten Publikationen zum Thema bestehen. Schließlich regen die Ergebnisse Akteur:innen dazu an, die Missionen an die genannten Partner:innen der „Zukunft Landwirtschaft 2030“ heranzutragen und sie in gemeinschaftlicher Abstimmung zu prüfen, weiterzuentwickeln und in Umsetzung zu bringen.
Comparison of automatic methods MALDI-TOF, VITEK2 and manual methods for the identification of intestinal microbial communities on the example of samples from alpacas (Vicugna pacos)
Authors: Pławińska-Czarnak Joanna , Wódz Karolina , Strzałkowska Zuzanna , Żychska Monika , Nowak Tomasz , Kwieciński Adam , Kwieciński Piotr , Bielecki Wojciech , Rodo Anna , Rzewuska Magdalena , Kłosińska Daria , Anusz Krzysztof , Orłowska Blanka 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Universally, in microbiological diagnostics the detection of live bacteria is essential. Rapid identification of pathogens enables appropriate remedial measures to be taken. The identification of many bacteria simultaneously facilitates the determination of the characteristics of the accompanying microbiota and/or the microbiological complexity of a given environment.

Material and Methods
The effectiveness of the VITEK2 Compact automated microbial identification system and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), analytical profile index (API) and Remel RapID tests were compared in identification of bacteria isolated from the alpaca gastrointestinal tract.

Results
Most isolates were Gram-positive, such as Bacillus cereus, Bacillus flexus, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus subtilis; Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Enterococcus hirae and Enterococcus casseliflavus; Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus equorum, Staphylococcus lentus, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus sciuri; Paenibacillus amylolyticus; Cellulosimicrobium cellulans; Leuconostoc mesenteroides; Clostridium perfringens; Corynebacterium stationis, Corynebacterium xerosis, and Corynebacterium diphtheriae (the last only isolated manually by API Coryne and the VITEK2 system and Corynebacteria (CBC) card). Corynebacterium diphtheriae was misidentified by MALDI-TOF MS as Candida lipolytica (currently Yarrowia lipolytica). Gram-positive and Gram-variable Micrococcus luteus were also isolated. Gram-negative Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter gergoviae, Enterobacter hormaechei and Enterobacter ludwigii; E. coli; Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae; Citrobacter braakii and Citrobacter freundii; Serratia liquefaciens, Serratia odorifera and Serratia marcescens; Morganella morganii subsp. morganii; Providencia alcalifaciens; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; Moraxella osloensis; and Ochrobactrum intermedium were also found. The yeasts Candida albicans, Candida haemulonii and Candida ciferrii were also present.

Conclusion
MALDI-TOF MS enabled the identification of pathogens and opportunistic pathogens from the alpaca gut which may represent a high risk to human and animal health.
GAMBARAN KASUS PENYAKIT GINJAL KRONIK DENGAN ANEMIA DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM PUSAT SANGLAH TAHUN 2018 DAN 2019
Authors: Titamia Saraswati Putu Putri , Wiradewi Lestari Anak Agung , Herawati Sianny 
Published: September 2023

Penyakit Ginjal kronik (PGK) dapat menyebabkan beberapa komplikasi seperti hipertensi, anemia, asidosis, albuminuria, dan depresi. Anemia memiliki prevalensi yang cukup tinggi sebagai komplikasi dari PGK. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kasus penyakit ginjal kronik dengan anemia di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Sanglah tahun 2018 dan 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dan studi potong lintang. Sampel dipilih berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Dalam analisa data digunakan software SPSS guna mendapatkan gambaran kasus penyakit ginjal kronik dengan anemia berdasarkan jenis kelamin, usia, tempat tinggal, derajat anemia, dan morfologi anemia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kasus penyakit ginjal kronik dengan anemia di RSUP Sanglah tahun 2018 dan 2019 terbanyak dialami oleh laki-laki (71,6%) dengan rentang usia terbanyak pada usia 46-55 (lansia awal) sebesar 34,6% dan sebagian besar penderita PGK dengan anemia bertempat tinggal di kota Denpasar yaitu sebesar 39,5%. Derajat anemia yang tampak pada penderita PGK di RSUP Sanglah tahun 2018 dan 2019 sebagian besar berupa anemia derajat sedang (61,7%), dengan tampilan morfologi anemia yang paling banyak berupa anemia normokromik normositer sebesar 50,6%.
Kata kunci : penyakit ginjal kronik, derajat anemia, morfologi anemia
Thyroid metastasis presenting as backache and lower limb weakness without any primary tumor - a case report
Authors: Iqbal Javaid , Iqbal Basit , Rahman Talal A. , Habib Salman , Dilawar Hasnain , Hadi Imran , Ahmad Akhtar 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Differentiated thyroid cancer is the commonest endocrine malignancy. Mortality in the presence of distant metastasis can increase dramatically. Bony metastasis often leads to increased morbidity and mortality. We report a case of a 60-year-old male who had metastatic spread of follicular cancer of the thyroid, without any identifiable primary.

Case Presentation:
A 60-year-old male presented with backache and weakness of lower limbs due to the collapse of the 11th thoracic vertebra. He underwent laminectomy and internal fixation. The histopathology revealed that it was the metastatic spread of follicular cancer of the thyroid. The histopathology revealed no malignancy in the thyroidectomy specimen. Subsequent administration of radioactive iodine showed a fall in thyroglobulin from 6,000 to 203 ng/ml.

Conclusion:
In cases of metastasis from an unknown primary, follicular thyroid cancer should be included in the differential diagnosis. Treatment after thyroidectomy can lead to good results.