bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bronchopulmonary Macrophage Activation in the Pathogenesis of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Authors: Stankus Richard P. , Cashner Frances M. , Salvaggio John E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Repeated intratracheal (IT) inoculation of rabbits with a homogenized, saline suspension of Micropolyspora faeni produced bronchopulmonary (BP) histologic lesions resembling those of human hypersensitivity pneumonitis. With an in vitro phagocytic and bactericidal assay, an analysis of BP macrophages from M. faeni-injected rabbits demonstrated activation at both 2 and 4 weeks after the initiation of immunization. No BP macrophage activation was observed in immunized rabbits 6 weeks post-inoculation. BP macrophage activation was capable of recall after 6 weeks in M. faeni-sensitized animals that received a booster IT injection (2 mg) that did not activate “normal” alveolar wash cells. This recall of BP macrophage activation was accompanied by both a marked migration of mononuclear cells into the lung and positive delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions after intradermal injection of M. faeni antigen. Pulmonary histologic examination of sensitized, boosted rabbits suggested an enhanced cellular parenchymal infiltrate when compared with appropriate controls. The above observations confirm the occurrence of immunologically activated BP macrophages in rabbits inoculated with M. faeni via the respiratory tract route and suggest a correlation between macrophage activation and histopathology.
Effects of Restoring Lethally Irradiated Mice with Anti-Thy 1.2-Treated Bone Marrow: Graft-vs-Host, Host-vs-Graft, and Mitogen Reactivity
Authors: Norin Allen J. , Emeson Eugene E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In vitro treatment of A/J mouse bone marrow with anti-Thy 1.2 serum and guinea pig complement (GPC) eliminated its ability to induce graft-vs-host (GVH) mortality in lethally irradiated C57BL/6J × A/J F1 (BAF1) mice. The anti-Thy 1.2 and GPC treatment of A/J marrow significantly reduced spleen cell activation by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) but not lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in A/J mice assayed 6 weeks after lethal irradiation and reconstitution with the treated marrow. However, the anti-Thy 1.2 treatment of A/J bone marrow did not impair the ability of the lethally irradiated, reconstituted, syngeneic mice to reject C57BL/6J skin grafts. We conclude that lymphocytes in bone marrow which are not susceptible to inactivation by anti-Thy 1.2 mediate allograft reactions and/or that radioresistant cells which persist in the recipient initiate rejection of allogeneic skin grafts.
Immunologic Characterization of Hairy Cell Leukemias in Continuous Culture
Authors: Saxon Andrew , Stevens Ronald H. , Quan Shirley G. , Golde David W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The immunobiologic characteristics of three continuous cell lines established from hairy cell leukemia cells were investigated. All three cell lines continued to produce tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, the enzymatic marker of hairy cells. Two of these cell lines were B lymphoid in nature. They carried Fc and C receptors, had surface and internal immunoglobulin, and did not form spontaneous sheep red blood cell rosettes. Experiments employing biosynthetic radiolabeling of immunoglobulin demonstrated distinctive immunoglobulin kinetics for each of these two hairy cell lines. One cell line remained quite similar to the original hairy cells from which it was derived whereas the other B lymphoid hairy cell line had undergone a switch in the immunoglobulin isotype produced. The third hairy cell leukemia line was shown to be of thymic derivation. These cells formed spontaneous sheep red blood cell rosettes and did not carry Fc or C receptors. The spontaneous sheep red blood cell rosette-forming cells contained tartrateresistant acid phosphatase. They did not possess surface or internal immunoglobulin and did not synthesize immunoglobulin in vitro. Hairy cell leukemia cells maintained in permanent cell culture retain their immunobiologic properties and offer the opportunity for indepth study of these unusual cells.
Complement-Dependent Stimulation of Normal Lymphocytes by Immune Complexes
Authors: Soderberg Lee S. F. , Coons Albert H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Normal rabbit lymphocytes were stimulated to proliferate in vitro by antibody-antigen complexes. Stimulation was dependent upon C activity. Heat-inactivation or zymosan-treatment of the serum used in culture caused a 75 to 100% loss of responsiveness to the complexes. Serum-free culture or cultures with less than 1% serum supported only low levels of stimulation, but responsiveness reappeared proportionally with increased serum concentration. The low level dose-dependent responses seen in the absence of active C may have been due to C carried over with the cells or to stimulation independent of C. Aggregated rabbit γ-globulin tested over a broad dose range failed to stimulate normal lymphocytes more than minimally whether or not C was present. Stimulation with immune complexes was sustained by C4-deficient guinea pig serum, indicating participation of the alternative C pathway. Normal rabbit lymphocytes from peripheral blood, bone marrow, spleen, and lymph node proliferated in response to rabbit antibody-antigen complexes. Normal thymocytes were consistently unresponsive to the complexes.
Absence of Binding of MDP, a Synthetic Immunoadjuvant, to Anti-Peptidoglycan Antibodies
Authors: Audibert F. , Heymer B. , Gros C. , Schleifer K. H. , Seidl P. H. , Chedid L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The binding of the synthetic immunoadjuvant N-acetyl-muramyl-l-alanyl-d-isoglutamine (MDP, for muramyl dipeptide) to human and rabbit sera containing peptidoglycan (PG) antibodies was investigated. Studies were performed by employing the corresponding 14C or 125I-labeled compounds in Farr-type binding and inhibition assays. Whereas MDP did not react with naturally occurring or experimentally induced PG-antibodies, the analog of MDP MDP-l-Lys-d-Ala did bind to hyperimmune rabbit anti-PG sera, but not to the human sera tested. These studies indicate that the radioimmunoassays employed basically are applicable for the selection of nonimmunogenic MDP analogs possessing immunoadjuvant activity.
Interactions Between Viruses and Lymphocytes
Authors: Doyle Michael V. , Oldstone Michael B. A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Replicating virus was found in subpopulations of circulating blood mononuclear cells harvested from BALB/WEHI and SWR/J mice persistently infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) either after intracerebral infection at birth or congenital in utero infection. Infectious virus was demonstrated by using an infectious center assay on Vero cell monolayers. Lymphoid cells isolated from both primary and secondary lymphoid organs also carried infectious virus. The number of infectious centers varied considerably from animal to animal, being as high as 10,000/106 and as low as 1 to 10/106 viable mononuclear cells. However, within any individual virus carrier mouse the numbers of infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells were found to be constant. Virus was not present in a fully infectious form either on the cell surface or within the cell. Mononuclear cells replicating LCMV were found in the bone marrow-derived (B) cell, thymus-derived (T) cell, and phagocytic, adherent cell populations.
Infectious centers were also demonstrated in the peripheral blood and splenic mononuclear cells of adult mice acutely infected with LCMV. The levels of such cells rose to a peak of 100/106 mononuclear cells by day 3 to 4 after i.p. inoculation with virus and then decreased to below detectable levels (&lt;1/106) by day 8.
These results indicate that after infection in utero or at birth, virus may replicate in cells of the immune system. Such infected lymphoid cells may act as a reservoir of infection throughout the animal's life.
Induction and Mechanism of Tolerance to Bovine Serum Albumin in Mice Given Total Lymphoid Irradiation (TLI)
Authors: Zan-Bar Israel , Slavin Shimon , Strober Samuel 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
BALB/c mice given total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) were injected i.p. with bovine serum albumin (BSA) in saline, and challenged with DNP-BSA in complete Freund's adjuvant 6 weeks later. The latter animals made no anti-DNP antibody response as measured by a modified Farr assay, but made a normal anti-DNP response after challenge with DNP-BGG in adjuvant. Normal mice or mice given whole body irradiation were not tolerized by the i.p. injection of BSA in saline. Spleen cells from unresponsive mice (TLI + BSA in saline) suppressed the adoptive secondary anti-DNP response of sublethally irradiated syngeneic hosts given BSA-primed T cells, DNP-BSA-primed B cells, and DNP-BSA in saline. The suppressor cells were antigen specific, and were inactivated by in vitro treatment with anti-Thy 1.2 antiserum and complement. The findings suggest that soluble antigens administered to mice after TLI evoke a state of tolerance that is maintained by antigen-specific suppressor T cells. A similar mechanism may be involved in the maintenance of tolerance to allografts. These findings may have important clinical implications for patients treated with TLI for lymphoid malignancies.
Myeloma-Induced Immunosuppression: A Multistep Mechanism
Authors: Katzmann Jerry A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Hosts of plasma cell tumors have a depressed primary antibody response. We have investigated the ability of cell homogenates and culture fluids from short-term cultures of spleen cells and tumor cells of mice bearing the MOPC-315 plasmacytoma to suppress the in vivo primary antibody response to sheep red blood cells. The homogenates and culture fluids of both MOPC-315 spleen cells and tumor cells suppress the antibody response in a dose-dependent manner. Culture fluids of spleen cells from tumor-bearing mice contain a 10,000- to 20,000-dalton immunosuppressive factor. Culture fluids of non-adherent tumor cells contain a high m.w. suppressor. Injection of the high m.w. tumor suppressive factor into normal mice induces the expression or appearance of host cells that secrete the 10,000- to 20,000-dalton immunosuppressor. The tumor suppressive factor, but not the spleen factor, causes an alteration of lymphocyte membranes such that the anti-DNP activity of the MOPC-315 myeloma protein can be detected on the circulating lymphocytes of injected mice.
In Vitro Growth of Cytotoxic Human Lymphocytes
Authors: Strausser John L. , Rosenberg Steven A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Human lymphocytes sensitized to allogeneic determinants in vitro were continuously cultured on medium prepared from phytohemagglutinin- (PHA-P) stimulated human mixed lymphocyte cultures. With such human-conditioned medium (HCM), human peripheral lymphoid cells could be grown in culture for over 90 days with a doubling time of about 54 hr. Cytotoxic lymphocytes could be grown in culture for this time with no loss of cytotoxicity or change in cytotoxic specificity.
Anti-Idiotypic Antisera in Man
Authors: Geha Raif S. , Weinberg Robert P. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Antisera were raised in rabbits against immunosorbent-purified F(ab′)2 fragments of IgG antitetanus toxoid (TT) antibodies obtained from three different donors. The antisera were rendered idiotype specific by absorption with insolubilized TT-nontreactive F(ab′)2. The resulting anti-idiotypic antisera precipitated more than 85% of 125I-radiolabeled F(ab′)2 anti-TT and were shown to be individual specific in that they reacted only with the immunizing F(ab′)2 anti-TT and not with F(ab′)2 anti-TT derived from other donors. Anti-idiotypic antiserum inhibited binding of 125I-TT but not of 125I-DT to IgG derived from the donor of the immunizing F(ab′)2 anti-TT, but did not inhibit 125I-TT binding to IgG derived from other donors. Binding of radiolabeled TT to IgM and IgE was significantly inhibited by the anti-idiotypic antiserum, demonstrating the presence of shared idiotypic determinants on anti-TT antibody molecules belonging to the IgG, IgM, and IgE classes of immunoglobulin. Finally, binding of 125I-F(ab′)2 anti-TT to the antiidiotypic antiserum was completely inhibited by IgG derived from the same donor but only partially inhibited by a great excess of TT antigen, suggesting that the antiidiotypic antiserum is recognizing nonantigen-binding idiotypic determinants on F(ab′)2 anti-TT. The data presented demonstrate that anti-idiotypic heteroantisera can be successfully raised against human antibodies to TT, indicate minimal cross-reactivity of idiotypic determinants between unrelated individuals, and suggest the presence of nonantigen binding-idiotypic determinants on the antibody molecule.
A General Method for the Isolation of the VH Domain from IgM and Other Immunoglobulins
Authors: Rodwell John D. , Karush Fred 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A chemical cleavage procedure has been developed for IgM, which leads to the isolation of a fragment (Vµ) consisting of the VH region and a small number of N-terminal residues from the Cµ1 domain. The sulfhydryl groups resulting from the reduction of the L-H disulfide linkage are converted to the S-cyano form by treatment with 2-nitro-5-thiocyanobenzoic acid. Cleavage of the H chain on the amino side of the cyanylated residue is effected by incubation overnight at pH 9 and 37°C. The Vµ fragment is the only one-domain fragment formed and is separated from the other products by gel chromatography with Sephacryl S-200 in 6 M guanidine-HCl. The Vµ fragment has been identified by its C-terminal residues on the basis of the established sequence of the human µ-chain. Additional characterization and verification was provided by isoelectric focusing and gel chromatography.
The cleavage procedure is probably generally applicable to IgM of all species. This conclusion is based on the anticipation that the decisive structural feature of the disulfide linkage of the L chain to a half-cystine located near the N-terminal end of the Cµ1 domain is a general feature of IgM structure. Since this arrangement of the L-H bond also is found in other classes and subclasses of immunoglobulin isolation of VH-containing fragments is probably feasible in these instances. Among the many uses of Vµ (and other similar VH-containing fragments) are the preparation of anti-idiotype antibody specific for VH determinants, the evaluation of the contribution of VH to the binding of ligand, and the identification of the VH domain on B and T lymphocytes with antisera specific for the framework determinants of VH.
T Cell Specific Ia Antigens of the I-J and I-E Subregions of H-2
Authors: Hayes Colleen E. , Bach Fritz H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
(B10 × B10.D2)F1 mice were immunized with B10.A(5R) concanavalin A-stimulated thymocyte blasts. The genetic disparity between donor and recipient was restricted to the I-J and I-E subregions of the H-2 complex. A high-titered, T cell specific, anti-I-JkEk serum was obtained. The antiserum lysed 27–30% of haplotype k, q, or s lymph node cells, 5.3 ± 2% of haplotype k spleen cells, and did not lyse thymocytes (&lt;3%). Nylon wool-passed lymph node or spleen cells (H-2k) showed considerable reactivity with anti-I-JkEk serum (35–40% lysis); anti-Thy 1.2 plus complement-treated spleen cells did not react (&lt; 5% lysis). I-Ek antibody was detected by B10.A(3R) lymph node cell reactivity (20 ± 3%), whereas reaction with H-2k lymph node cells following B10.A(3R) absorption demonstrated antibody to an I-Jk determinant(s) (12 ± 3%). Reciprocal absorption studies indicated that haplotypes q and s cross-react with k by virtue of anti-I-Jk antibody rather than anti-I-Ek antibody.
Presence of a Non-polymorphic Polypeptide Chain in Ia Immunoprecipitates
Authors: Jones Patricia P. , Murphy Donal B. , McDevitt Hugh O. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
All immunoprecipitates prepared from NP-40 extracts of 35S-methionine-labeled mouse lymphocytes using anti-Ia alloantisera contain a common polypeptide chain, MW 31,000 daltons. The electrophoretic mobility of this molecule in two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is the same for Ia antigens coded for by loci in the I-A and I-E subregions and for molecules obtained from mice of different H-2 haplotypes and genetic backgrounds. Immunoprecipitates obtained with anti-H-2K, anti-H-2D, and anti-immunoglobulin antisera do not contain this polypeptide chain. This molecule therefore appears to be a nonpolymorphic protein unique to Ia immunoprecipitates. Because it is nonpolymorphic, this chain probably is not recognized by alloantisera and hence may be precipitated only because it is complexed to polymorphic Ia proteins. Thus the occurrence of this invariant chain with Ia antigens appears to be analogous to that of β2 microglobulin, a nonpolymorphic polypeptide chain coprecipitated with H-2K and H-2D antigens.
Recessive Ir Gene in the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Regulating High Antibody Responsiveness to TNP-MSA
Authors: Urba Walter J. , Hildemann William H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The antibody response to the 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl hapten (TNP) conjugated to autogenous mouse serum albumin (MSA) is regulated by an Ir gene(s) located within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Both the qualitative and quantitative ability of congenic strains to produce TNP-specific antibodies are functions of the H-2 haplotype. Thus, mouse strains may be classified as high (H-2d), intermediate (H-2b&s), and low responders (H-2a,k,n,p&q). Antibody responses measured by antigen-binding capacities in modified Farr assays were compared among many strains carrying recombinant H-2 haplotypes and their hybrid progenies. The gene locus controlling specific responsiveness to TNP-MSA, now designated Ir-6, was mapped within the I-B subregion of the H-2 complex. Recessive inheritance of high responsiveness was confirmed in hybrid progenies of three different low × high responder crosses. IgG1 and IgM TNP-antibody levels of high and low responder mice were separately determined by solid phase radioimmunoassay using class-specific antisera.
Genetic Control of T-Lymphocyte Proliferative Response to Sperm-Whale Myoglobin and Its Synthetic Antigenic Sites in Mice
Authors: Okuda Kenji , Twining Sally S. , Atassi M. Zouhair , David Chella S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Previously we have reported the precise determination of the entire antigenic structure of sperm-whale myoglobin. This protein which is made up on a single polypeptide chain (153 residues, m.w. 17,816) has five antigenic sites located in exposed conformationally sensitive continuous portions of its polypeptide chain. The five antigenic sites occupy the following regions: Site 1: sequence 15–22; Site 2: sequence 56–62; Site 3: sequence 94–99; Site 4: sequence 113–119; Site 5: sequence 145–151. We investigated the genetic control of T lymphocyte proliferative response to myoglobin and its synthetic antigenic sites in mice (PETLES Assay). Two parts of the myoglobin molecule (sequences 1–6 and 121–127) that were not within antigenic sites were also synthesized and employed as controls. Also used as control was a synthetic ‘nonsense’ heptapeptide that did not resemble any part of myoglobin. Haplotypes H-2d, H-2f and H-2s gave substantial T lymphocyte proliferative response to whole myoglobin whereas haplotypes H-2d, H-2k, H-2p, H-2q and H-2r were low responders.
Relationship Between Fc Receptors and Ia, or Mls-Associated Antigens on the Surface of B Lymphoma Lines
Authors: Kanellopoulos-Langevin Colette , Kim Kyung Jin , Sachs David H. , Asofsky Richard 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A panel of spontaneous BALB/c B cell lymphoma lines with different cell surface phenotypes were used to study the relationship of Fc receptors, Ia and Mls-associated (tentatively called LyM) antigens. These cultured lymphomas have the following B cell characteristics: They (a) express surface Ig; (b) have Fc receptors tested by sheep erythrocyte-antibody rosetting assay; (c) do not ingest latex particles, and (d) are negative for esterase activity.
One of these cell lines, A-20, is Ia+, Fc+, LyM+; another, M 12, is Ia-, Fc+, LyM+. Using these and other lines, we have shown that Fc receptors on Ia+ cells (e.g. A-20) can be inhibited by anti-Ia sera. There is no such inhibition on Ia- cells (e.g. M 12). However, anti-Mls serum can inhibit Fc rosetting on tumors with either Ia+ or Ia- phenotype.
Thus we can demonstrate inhibition of Fc receptors with anti-Ia sera similar to that reported for normal spleen cells.
The Effect of Anti-Ia Alloantisera on Syngeneic Tumor Immunity
Authors: Greene Mark I. , Perry Linda , Dorf M. E. , Benacerraf Baruj 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Tumor specific suppressor T cells (STC) arise in A/J mice as a consequence of inoculation of syngeneic methylcholanthrene induced fibrosarcomas, S1509a and SAI, and elaborate tumor antigen specific suppressor factor(s) (SF). SF which bears determinants encoded by the K end of the H-2 MHC, and STC which express I-J subregion encoded cell surface determinants dampen the primary response and limit the secondary effector reactivity to tumor in vivo. Daily treatment of normal A/J mice with 2 µl of (DBA/2 × 3R)F1 anti-5R (anti-I-J) antisera beginning at the time of a 106 S1509a tumor inocula resulted in a highly significant reduced tumor growth and an abrogation of the capacity of such mice to adoptively transfer suppression. Furthermore, anti-I-J antisera could also limit tumor incidence and appearance when used with smaller tumor inocula. The sera effect was specific and was lost only after absorption with lymphoid cells of the appropriate haplotype.
Antibody Responses to GAT by (Responder × Nonresponder)F1 Spleen Cells Stimulated by Parental GAT-Macrophages
Authors: Pierce Carl W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The development of IgG PFC responses specific for the random terpolymer of l-glutamic acid60-l-alanine30-L-tyrosine10 (GAT) by virgin and immune (responder C57BL/10 × nonresponder DBA/1)F1 spleen cells after stimulation with responder and nonresponder parental or F1 GAT-pulsed macrophages (GAT/Mϕ) in vitro was investigated. Virgin F1 spleen cells developed comparable primary responses to GAT-MBSA and to both parental and F1 GAT-Mϕ. F1 spleen cells from mice immunized with responder or nonresponder parental GAT-Mϕ developed secondary responses only after stimulation with the parental GAT-Mϕ used for immunization or F1 GAT-Mϕ. These observations are consistent with previous observations that spleen cells from mice immunized with syngeneic or allogeneic GAT-Mϕ develop secondary responses only with GAT-Mϕ syngeneic at the I-A subregion of the H-2 complex with the M-ϕ used for priming. By contrast, F1 spleen cells from mice immunized with GAT-MBSA or F1 GAT-Mϕ developed secondary responses after stimulation with either parental or F1 GAT-Mϕ.
Primary in vivo Immunization of F1 (2 × 13) Guinea Pigs by Parental Macrophages Bearing Multideterminant and Genetically Restricted Antigens
Authors: Yokomuro Kozo , Rosenthal Alan S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An objection has been raised to the concept of macrophage Ir gene function by the in vivo experiments of Pierce et al. in which nonresponder murine macrophages (Mϕ) primed responder mice, thus suggesting Ir gene function at the level of the T cell. Both to examine this issue in the guinea pig and to determine whether in vitro secondary responses are solely reflections of the animal's initial immunologic experience, inbred strain 2 and 13 guinea pigs were immunized in vivo with syngeneic or allogeneic antigen bearing Mϕ. Monolayer purified Mϕ were pulsed with oxidized B chain of insulin and dinitrophenylated ovalbumin (DNP-OVA) for 60 minutes, washed and 2 × 107 injected intradermally into recipient animals. Fourteen days later, in vitro antigen induced specific T cell proliferation was assessed. When strain 13 guinea pigs, high responder to both antigens, were immunized by antigen pulsed strain 13 Mϕ, T cells proliferated in vitro to both antigens.