bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Church Laments
Authors: Stauff Derek L 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Johann Hermann Schein’s sacred concerto Zion spricht for the 1629 Leipzig city council election (Ratswahl) allows us an entry point into music’s role in the politics of the Thirty Years War after over a decade of conflict. The concerto was meant to address worries that Lutherans felt over the potential suppression of their confession after Emperor Ferdinand’s Edict of Restitution, whose significance and political background are discussed in detail. Schein, taking as his text Isaiah 49:14–16, “Zion spricht: Der Herr hat mich verlassen” (“Zion speaks: the Lord hath forsaken me”), framed the piece as a lament in which an allegorical church bemoans her abandonment only to receive assurance from God. Performed and then printed just weeks after the Edict of Restitution, the music offers an idealized response to current alarm at Lutheranism’s deteriorating position as well as the city’s own recent troubles. Like so many consolatory pamphlets and political broadsheets of the late 1620s, the concerto fuels anxiety if only to comfort the distraught.
Swedish Arms and the Flood from the North in Two Sacred Concertos by Tobias Michael
Authors: Stauff Derek L 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
If the initial success of the Swedish campaign inspired music supporting their cause, central-German composers may have occasionally adopted a stance more critical of the northerners. Listeners who knew the biblical contexts from which Tobias Michael extracted two of his texts could have recognized oblique and disparaging references to Sweden. The sacred concertos O Du Schwerdt des Herren and Ihr Kinder Zion freuet euch, from the Musicalischer Seelenlust Ander Theil (1637), set texts extracted from Old Testament prophecies concerning an invader from the north (Mitternacht). Particularly in Leipzig, listeners would have found Michael’s allusions timely, since the Swedes had recently but unsuccessfully besieged the city. Overall, Michael’s concertos seem to lament the devastation caused by Swedish armies and celebrate their departure rather than hailing them as confessional allies.
Securing Territory
Authors: Altamirano Rayo Giorleny 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Indigenous peoples demand that their respective states comply with international treaties and national constitutions that institutionalize their communal property rights to land and natural resources by titling Indigenous lands. However, Indigenous land titling varies dramatically, across and within countries as well as through time. In particular, the rate and timing, as well as the geographical concentration of Indigenous land titling is highly uneven. Securing Territory shows that Indigenous land titling depends on state interests. Based on in-depth fieldwork in three countries, the book demonstrates that state elites have been more willing to implement costly Indigenous rights to land and natural resources when the central government can use them to secure territory and govern people in remote otherwise stateless areas. Communal property rights of Indigenous people and other ethnic groups were more consistently implemented in Nicaragua and Honduras than in Brazil, despite differences in demands from national or transnational social movements, resistance from capitalist interests, and the state’s administrative capacity between countries. The importance of state interests is also true for Indigenous land titling patterns in Kenya and Indonesia. By emphasizing the importance of state interests and national security concerns, the book’s findings inform debates about how formal institutions work in developing countries, as well as international efforts to support the human rights of historically marginalized communities and communal natural resource management policies.
Introduction
Authors: Altamirano Rayo Giorleny 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter frames the book by showing the spatial and temporal variations of Indigenous land titling in Latin America, articulating the research questions that arose from analyzing the titling patterns between and within countries, and pointing out the limitations of prevailing explanations. The chapter then provides a brief summary of the main argument that emphasizes the importance of state interest in controlling territory and reinforcing territorial power in remote localities to explain communal land titling patterns. In addition, the chapter points out the broader appeal of the study to both academics and practitioners. Finally, the chapter presents the research design rationale for using Nicaragua, Honduras, and Brazil as case studies, a summary of the evidence compiled during fifteen months of fieldwork, and a roadmap of the book.
Communal Property Rights of Indigenous Peoples and Ethnic Groups
Authors: Altamirano Rayo Giorleny 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter describes the variation in the specific set of property rights that the state formally grants to Indigenous and ethnic groups in Nicaragua, Honduras, and Brazil. In addition, the chapter traces the origin of specific communal property rights in each country. The chapter also describes how each country differs in their categorization of ethnic communities and, in turn, how that variation maps to these communities’ formal rights to property and natural resource management.
Honduras
Authors: Altamirano Rayo Giorleny 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter describes the temporal and spatial patterns of communal land titling to Indigenous and Afro-descendent peoples in Honduras. The chapter shows how political elites issued communal land titles selectively. While ethnic communities received titles to small plots of land after long administrative processes in the west, the central government titled vast expanses of communal lands quickly in the east. State elites acted strategically in the east to reinforce state power and retake territorial control through Indigenous land titling. Based on primary evidence collected during fieldwork, the chapter shows that the state uses a differentiated titling strategy to meet its security needs.
Economic and Monetary Union
Authors: Schoeller Magnus G , Weismann Paul 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Over the past fifteen years, the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) has been repeatedly exposed to pressure emanating from crises, notably the euro crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. This contribution traces the development of EMU as a result of this pressure and assesses it from both a legal and a political science perspective. Flawed from the outset by an institutional and policy asymmetry, EMU’s crisis-induced reforms brought about remarkable changes at different levels. These changes concern economic and fiscal policy rules, the emergence of common fiscal capacities—notably the European Stability Mechanism (ESM) and the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF)—and the evolving role of the European Central Bank (ECB). However, without major Treaty revision, these changes rest on questionable legal bases and their political-economic scope is only incremental. Overall, the reforms thus failed to remedy the incomplete design of EMU.
Financial Regulation and Supervision
Authors: Bauerschmidt Jonathan , Quaglia Lucia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The European Union (EU) responded to the Great Financial Crisis in several ways. First, it established a European System of Financial Supervision, which comprises the European Systemic Risk Board and three sectoral European Supervisory Authorities (ESAs). Second, it created the banking union, with a view to breaking the vicious circle of dependence between banks and sovereigns. In the banking union, the competence for banking supervision and resolution were partly transferred to the supranational level. Third, it proposed the creation of the capital markets union, to unlock new sources of funding, be less reliant on banks, reduce financial market fragmentation, and increase cross-border capital flows. On the whole, the EU replaced many soft laws with hard laws and made greater use of regulations rather than directives. At the same time, the ESAs and the European Central Bank issued a considerable amount of soft law. While undertaking these post-crisis reforms, the EU had to deal with two main challenges: to reconcile the competing interests and different priorities of Member States, and to combine the depoliticization of certain financial issues with a sufficient level of accountability.
State Aid Control
Authors: López Juan Jorge Piernas , Cini Michelle 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Before 2008, the state aid regime had grown in experience and confidence. Since 2008, it has witnessed multiple crises. Of relevance here are the Great Financial Crisis, the COVID-19 crisis, and the most recent iteration of the Ukraine crisis. This chapter, resting on a qualitative analysis of official documents, analyses the EU response to crises as it relates to state aid control, and more specifically the extent to which new rule-making and rule change have played a part in that response. Of note, empirically, is the innovative use by the European Commission of soft law (temporary frameworks) and the application of a little-used provision of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)—Article 107(3)(b). The chapter argues that the legacy of the EU response to recent crises in this field is mixed. The use of rarely applied provisions and the swift adoption of temporary frameworks has allowed for a coordinated response, avoiding subsidy races while providing legal certainty. The flexibility of the Commission’s responses risks undermining the social, territorial, and economic cohesion of the internal market, while also provoking allegations of discrimination before the EU courts. The chapter concludes that the crisis responses made in this area have led to an increased demand for the federalization of financial instruments— for centralized EU aid instead of merely coordinated national aid—of which the Recovery and Resilience Facility, the largest element of the EU’s post-pandemic temporary recovery instrument, NextGeneration EU, is the best example.
Membership of EU Treaties
Authors: Steinbach Armin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter explores how founding or incumbent EU members design and determine membership to the EU Treaties and what the implications of the rules of membership are for the substantive commitment level of EU Treaties. For the EU, the rational membership design can be discussed with reference to EU Treaties as integrating elements of closed Treaties and semi-open Treaties. For semi-open Treaty sections (like the euro membership), the rational Treaty designer anticipates growing heterogeneity of preferences between participating states, and thus designs rules in a way that minimizes negative repercussions. Contrary to what distributive rationalist approaches suggest, at least regarding the voting structure of the EU, large incumbent EU members have not translated their comparative low opportunity costs into relative advantages to smaller acceding states. Regarding EU enlargement, this happens when benefits for incumbent and acceding members are significant, where the general rationales for EU cooperation apply.
Flexibility
Authors: Steinbach Armin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter discusses the economics behind Treaty flexibility. As inherently incomplete contracts, the EU Treaties have not anticipated all future state-contingencies. An economic approach asks why EU states retain flexibility through treaty design. Depending on the need for flexibility, adaptive or transformative clauses can be integrated into the treaties. They allow for efficient non-application of the rules (adaptivity) or to react to more fundamental uncertainty about the future state of the world (transformative). The wide use of soft law in EU legislation leads to the question of identifying the conditions under which governments prefer soft law over formal hard law, and vice versa. The EU Treaties are characterized as both incomplete and overcomplete, with characterizations implying different economic rationales and problems.
The European Council and Council of Ministers
Authors: Steinbach Armin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter and the ones that follow examine perspectives native to law and economics while considering the European institutions as actors under EU law. In separate chapters devoted to the European Council, the Parliament, the ECJ, the ECB, and the Commission, the institutional structures and payoff logics that incentivize and constrain behaviour are discussed. Principal–agent theory sheds important light on why Union actors may act in violation of Treaty mandates, thus creating misalignment with the preferences of Member States or citizens as principals. The decision-making mode (unanimity versus qualified majority voting) in the Council can be analysed as a cost minimization exercise, where the direct costs of decision-making relate to the costs of reaching a majority consensus while indirect or agency costs reflect the probability of a Member State being overruled and having to accept an outcome that runs counter to its preferences. This finding interacts with fiscal federalism that relies on preference heterogeneity as a core criterion for assessing whether the provision of public goods should take place in a centralized or decentralized manner.
Evaluating bias in electronic health record data: using agent-based models to examine whether geographic disparities in community-acquired Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus are due to differential healthcare-seeking behaviors
Authors: Morgan Bustamante Brittany L , Gomez-Vazquez Jose Pablo , Crespo Carlos Gonzalez , May Larissa , Fejerman Laura , Martínez-López Beatriz 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Electronic health records (EHR) are increasingly used in public health research. However, biases may exist when using EHR due to whether someone is captured in the data. Assessing the impact of bias in generating disparities identified with EHR data is difficult because information about healthcare-seeking behaviors is not included in the record. We developed an agent-based model (ABM) to simulate the healthcare-seeking behavior for community-acquired Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infection in a subregion of California. The ABM assumed no difference in prevalence across the study area. We modeled the healthcare-seeking process to see if geographic differences in prevalence would emerge from the ABM when only looking at those who sought treatment, matching empirical data. The ABM reproduced prevalence in observed data for nine of the 21 geographies. Simulated differences in prevalence across geographies did not reach the magnitude in observed data, and spatial patterns had low to moderate agreement. Our results suggest that geographic disparities in the CA-MRSA prevalence previously identified in California EHR data may be due to determinants beyond bias and healthcare-seeking behaviors. Future studies could adapt this model for other health outcomes by adjusting the healthcare-seeking behavior parameters and modifying the disease progression process.
Gaussian processes for time series with lead–lag effects with applications to biology data
Authors: Mu Wancen , Chen Jiawen , Davis Eric S , Reed Kathleen , Phanstiel Douglas , Love Michael I , Li Didong 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Investigating the relationship, particularly the lead–lag effect, between time series is a common question across various disciplines, especially when uncovering biological processes. However, analyzing time series presents several challenges. Firstly, due to technical reasons, the time points at which observations are made are not at uniform intervals. Secondly, some lead–lag effects are transient, necessitating time-lag estimation based on a limited number of time points. Thirdly, external factors also impact these time series, requiring a similarity metric to assess the lead–lag relationship. To counter these issues, we introduce a model grounded in the Gaussian process, affording the flexibility to estimate lead–lag effects for irregular time series. In addition, our method outputs dissimilarity scores, thereby broadening its applications to include tasks such as ranking or clustering multiple pairwise time series when considering their strength of lead–lag effects with external factors. Crucially, we offer a series of theoretical proofs to substantiate the validity of our proposed kernels and the identifiability of kernel parameters. Our model demonstrates advances in various simulations and real-world applications, particularly in the study of dynamic chromatin interactions, compared to other leading methods.
In-cell design of solid biocatalyst via crystalline inclusion protein A and ferritin fusion
Authors: Tian Jiaxin , Nakasuji Yuto , Maity Basudev , Date Koki , Ueno Takafumi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Crystalline inclusion protein A is a protein crystal that spontaneously forms in living cells. To construct a hybrid solid material, we engineered crystalline inclusion protein A by fusion with functionalized ferritin at the C-terminal. When ferritin was mutated with His residues, the resulting solid material exhibited peroxidase mimetic oxidation of 3,3ʹ,5,5ʹ-tetramethylbenzidine in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. This study provides a simple method to develop functional solid materials.
Predictors of Cryptococcus gattii Clinical Presentation and Outcome: An International Study
Authors: Galanis Eleni , MacDougall Laura , Rose Caren , Chen Sharon C A , Oltean Hanna N , Cieslak Paul R , DeBess Emilio , Chong Mei , Sorrell Tania C , Baddley John W , Hoang Linda M N , Lockhart Shawn R , Pappas Peter G , Phillips Peter 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Infection by Cryptococcus gattii can lead to pulmonary or central nervous system (CNS) disease, or both. Whether the sites of infection and disease severity are associated with C. gattii species and lineages or with certain underlying medical conditions, or both is unclear. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to identify factors associated with site of infection and mortality among C. gattii cases.

Methods
We extracted data on 258 C. gattii cases from Australia, Canada, and the United States reported from 1999 to 2011. We conducted unadjusted and multivariable logistic regression analyses to evaluate factors associated with site of infection and C. gattii mortality among hospitalized cases (N = 218).

Results
Hospitalized C. gattii cases with CNS and other extrapulmonary disease were younger, more likely to reside in Australia, and be infected with variety gattii I (VGI) lineage but less likely to have comorbidities and die as compared to cases with pulmonary disease. The odds of having CNS and/or other extrapulmonary disease were 9 times higher in cases with VGI infection (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 9.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.28–25.89). Age ≥70 years (aOR = 6.69, 95% CI = 2.44–18.30), chronic lung disease (aOR = 2.62, 95% CI = 1.05–6.51) and an immunocompromised status (aOR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.05–6.51) were associated with higher odds of C. gattii mortality.

Conclusions
Among hospitalized cases, C. gattii species and lineage are associated with site of infection but not with the risk of death, whereas older age and comorbidities increase the risk of death.
Machine learning for automated identification of anatomical landmarks in ultrasound periodontal imaging
Authors: Qi Baiyan , Sasi Lekshmi , Khan Suhel , Luo Jordan , Chen Casey , Rahmani Keivan , Jahed Zeinab , Jokerst Jesse V 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
To identify landmarks in ultrasound periodontal images and automate the image-based measurements of gingival recession (iGR), gingival height (iGH), and alveolar bone level (iABL) using machine learning.

Methods
We imaged 184 teeth from 29 human subjects. The dataset included 1580 frames for training and validating the U-Net convolutional neural network machine learning model, and 250 frames from new teeth that were not used in training for testing the generalization performance. The predicted landmarks, including the tooth, gingiva, bone, gingival margin (GM), cementoenamel junction (CEJ), and alveolar bone crest (ABC), were compared to manual annotations. We further demonstrated automated measurements of the clinical metrics iGR, iGH, and iABL.

Results
Over 98% of predicted GM, CEJ, and ABC distances are within 200 µm of the manual annotation. Bland-Altman analysis revealed biases (bias of machine learning vs ground truth) of −0.1 µm, −37.6 µm, and −40.9 µm, with 95% limits of agreement of [−281.3, 281.0] µm, [−203.1, 127.9] µm, and [−297.6, 215.8] µm for iGR, iGH, and iABL, respectively, when compared to manual annotations. On the test dataset, the biases were 167.5 µm, 40.1 µm, and 78.7 µm with 95% CIs of [−1175 to 1510] µm, [−910.3 to 990.4] µm, and [−1954 to 1796] µm for iGR, iGH, and iABL, respectively.

Conclusions
The proposed machine learning model demonstrates robust prediction performance, with the potential to enhance the efficiency of clinical periodontal diagnosis by automating landmark identification and clinical metrics measurements.
Comprehensive 4D-flow cardiac magnetic resonance evaluation of the descending thoracic aorta in aortic regurgitation
Authors: Urmeneta Ulloa J , Álvarez Vázquez A , Martínez de Vega V , Martínez de Vega L , Andreu-Vázquez C , Thuissard-Vasallo I J , Recio Rodríguez M , Cabrera J A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Aims
To assess the reproducibility of 4D-Flow cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) parameters in the descending thoracic aorta—DTAo—(regurgitant fraction [RF], end-diastolic reverse flow [EDRF], and holodiastolic flow reversal [HDR]), and the relationship with RF in the sinotubular junction (STJ), and the left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVI) in patients with chronic aortic regurgitation (AR).

Methods and results
A descriptive study of these variables was conducted. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the optimal cut-off point. Thirty patients had severe AR (RF ≥ 30%, STJ) and 60 mild-to-moderate (RF &lt; 30%). The mean age was 59 ± 17 years. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 56% (53–61%) and LVEDVI was 94 (76–128) mL/m2. Flow in the DTAo at the left inferior pulmonary vein (LIPV) was easily identifiable and measurements were highly reproducible. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.969 (95% CI: 0.954–0.980) for RF and 0.929 (95% CI: 0.893–0.952) for EDRF. Flow parameters measured at the LIPV were all significantly greater in the severe AR group: RF (21% vs. 6%, P &lt; 0.001), EDRF (20 vs. 4 mL/s; P &lt; 0.001), and HDR (20% vs. 8%; P &lt; 0.001). Three parameters—presence of HDR, RF ≥ 17%, and EDRF ≥ 7 mL/s at the LIPV—were associated with RF ≥ 30% in the STJ and elevated LVEDVI.

Conclusion
4D-flow CMR can reproducibly assess flow in the DTAo in patients with chronic AR. An RF ≥ 17%, EDRF ≥ 7 mL/s, and/or the presence of HDR in the DTAo (LIPV) were associated with an RF ≥ 30% in STJ and elevated LVEDVI.