bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Numerical Analysis of the Trajectory and Landing Location of YSZ Droplets Impinging the Microtextured Substrate
Authors: Kiełczawa Tomasz , Sokołowski Paweł 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis work considers the possibility of controlling the thermally sprayed TBC columnar microstructure using metallic bond coat microtexturization prior to ceramic top coat spraying. Such pretreated bond coat has been modeled to investigate the influence of the substrate topography on the behavior of the plasma stream and the resulting movement of the feedstock particles in the closest proximity of the substrate. The analysis considered the microscale computational domain. It was extracted from the entire spraying domain and located in the microtextured substrate boundary layer at three different distances from the plasma jet centerline. Advanced flow models were used here to define the plasma jet/feedstock droplet interaction and the heat flux to the substrate. YSZ feedstock was modeled using the discrete phase model with a DPM source and particle drag law introduced to the governing equations. Then, the TBC deposition conditions were investigated considering the effect of the distance from the plasma jet centerline. It was concluded that the intensity of the shadowing effect determines the columnar TBC build-up mechanism depending on the droplet landing location on the microtextured substrate. The motivation behind this study was to model and investigate the influence of the bond coat microtexturing on the behavior of the feedstock particles in the substrate boundary layer. This opens the possibility of better understanding the mechanism of the coating build-up, strictly controlling the microstructure of such TBCs, and improving their overall performance.
Intensive care drug therapy and its potential adverse effects on blood pressure and heart rate in critically ill children
Authors: Kiesel Lisa Marie , Bertsche Astrid , Kiess Wieland , Siekmeyer Manuela , Bertsche Thilo , Neininger Martina Patrizia 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Owing to complex treatment, critically ill children may experience alterations in their vital parameters. We investigated whether such hemodynamic alterations were temporally and causally related to drug therapy.

Methods
In a university pediatric intensive care unit, we retrospectively analyzed hemodynamic alterations defined as values exceeding the limits set for heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP). For causality assessment, we used the World Health Organization–Uppsala Monitoring Center (WHO–UMC) system, which categorizes the probability of causality as “certain,” “probable,” “possible,” and “unlikely.”

Results
Of 315 analyzed patients with 43,200 drug prescriptions, 59.7% experienced at least one hemodynamic alteration; 39.0% were affected by increased HR, 19.0% by decreased HR, 18.1% by increased BP, and 16.2% by decreased BP. According to drug information databases, 83.9% of administered drugs potentially lead to hemodynamic alterations. Overall, 88.3% of the observed hemodynamic alterations had a temporal relation to the administration of drugs; in 80.2%, more than one drug was involved. Based on the WHO–UMC system, a drug was rated as a “probable” causing factor for only 1.4% of hemodynamic alterations. For the remaining alterations, the probability ratings were lower because of multiple potential causes, e.g., several drugs.

Conclusions
Critically ill children were frequently affected by hemodynamic alterations. The administration of drugs with potentially adverse effects on hemodynamic parameters is often temporally related to hemodynamic alterations. Hemodynamic alterations are often multifactorial, e.g., due to administering multiple drugs in rapid succession; thus, the influence of individual drugs cannot easily be captured with the WHO–UMC system.
Barriers, Facilitators, and Strategies to Improve Participation of a Couple-Based Intervention to Address Women’s Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Belus Jennifer M. , Msimango Lindani I. , van Heerden Alastair , Magidson Jessica F. , Bradley Valerie D. , Mdakane Yvonne , van Rooyen Heidi , Barnabas Ruanne V. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Couple-based interventions (CBIs), despite strong efficacy in improving numerous HIV risk behaviors, are not widely available and have not been tested to improve women’s antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. We examined barriers and facilitators to participation in a CBI based on cognitive behavioral couple therapy for women’s ART adherence in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with women with HIV (n = 15) and men of mixed HIV status (n = 15). Thematic analyses were guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.

Results
Facilitators mostly related to the couple’s relationship, including having an existing healthy relationship, men’s desire to support their partners, and a potential opportunity for men’s HIV disclosure. Barriers included a lack of understanding of how a CBI approach would be useful for women’s ART adherence, sole focus on women if male partners were also living with HIV, and men’s lack of prior HIV status disclosure to female partners.

Conclusion
Findings indicate that relationship context and the male partner’s HIV status need to be addressed during recruitment, enrolment, and during the intervention to promote uptake.
Reducing Workload in Short Answer Grading Using Machine Learning
Authors: Weegar Rebecka , Idestam-Almquist Peter 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMachine learning methods can be used to reduce the manual workload in exam grading, making it possible for teachers to spend more time on other tasks. However, when it comes to grading exams, fully eliminating manual work is not yet possible even with very accurate automated grading, as any grading mistakes could have significant consequences for the students. Here, the evaluation of an automated grading approach is therefore extended from measuring workload in relation to the accuracy of automated grading, to also measuring the overall workload required to correctly grade a full exam, with and without the support of machine learning. The evaluation was performed during an introductory computer science course with over 400 students. The exam consisted of 64 questions with relatively short answers and a two-step approach for automated grading was applied. First, a subset of answers to the exam questions was manually graded and next used as training data for machine learning models classifying the remaining answers. A number of different strategies for how to select which answers to include in the training data were evaluated. The time spent on different grading actions was measured along with the reduction of effort using clustering of answers and automated scoring. Compared to fully manual grading, the overall reduction of workload was substantial—between 64% and 74%—even with a complete manual review of all classifier output to ensure a fair grading.
Quasi-Solid Electrolyte Interphase Boosting Charge and Mass Transfer for Dendrite-Free Zinc Battery
Authors: Xu Xueer , Xu Yifei , Zhang Jingtong , Zhong Yu , Li Zhongxu , Qiu Huayu , Wu Hao Bin , Wang Jie , Wang Xiuli , Gu Changdong , Tu Jiangping 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The practical applications of zinc metal batteries are plagued by the dendritic propagation of its metal anodes due to the limited transfer rate of charge and mass at the electrode/electrolyte interphase. To enhance the reversibility of Zn metal, a quasi-solid interphase composed by defective metal–organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles (D-UiO-66) and two kinds of zinc salts electrolytes is fabricated on the Zn surface served as a zinc ions reservoir. Particularly, anions in the aqueous electrolytes could be spontaneously anchored onto the Lewis acidic sites in defective MOF channels. With the synergistic effect between the MOF channels and the anchored anions, Zn2+ transport is prompted significantly. Simultaneously, such quasi-solid interphase boost charge and mass transfer of Zn2+, leading to a high zinc transference number, good ionic conductivity, and high Zn2+ concentration near the anode, which mitigates Zn dendrite growth obviously. Encouragingly, unprecedented average coulombic efficiency of 99.8% is achieved in the Zn||Cu cell with the proposed quasi-solid interphase. The cycling performance of D-UiO-66@Zn||MnO2 (~ 92.9% capacity retention after 2000 cycles) and D-UiO-66@Zn||NH4V4O10 (~ 84.0% capacity retention after 800 cycles) prove the feasibility of the quasi-solid interphase.
A review on solar photovoltaic-powered thermoelectric coolers, performance enhancements, and recent advances
Authors: Kaiprath Jayadeep , V. V. Kishor Kumar 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The average global temperature has increased by approximately 0.7 °C since the last century. If the current trend continues, the temperature may further increase by 1.4 – 4.5 °C until 2100. It is estimated that air-conditioning and refrigeration systems contribute about 15% of world electrical energy demand. The rapid depletion of non-renewable resources such as fossil fuels and the associated emissions lead to the development of alternative solutions which employ renewable energy resources for refrigeration. The conventional vapour compression (VC) and vapour absorption (or adsorption) (VA) refrigeration systems usually rely on fossil fuels for their operation which ultimately leads to large amount of CO2 emissions. Thermoelectric (TE) refrigeration systems working on the principle of Peltier effect are an alternative for the conventional systems. The thermoelectric refrigerators will not produce any noise and vibration due to the absence of any moving parts. They are refrigerant-free as electrons act as heat carriers. The greatest advantage of a TE system is that it can directly be powered by solar photovoltaic (PVs) since they give a DC output. The main drawback of thermoelectric refrigeration system is their low coefficient of performance (COP). The COP of a thermoelectric cooler (TEC) operating with a temperature difference of 20 °C is about 0.5. The improvement of heat transfer at the hot side of the cooler is a key aspect for a better COP. A good thermoelectric material should possess high Seebeck coefficient, low-thermal conductivity, and high electrical conductivity. Since these three are interrelated, these parameters must be optimized. It is important to reduce the electric contact and thermal resistances and get an optimized configuration of thermoelectric cooler. The recent developments in material science has enabled the usage of better thermoelectric materials with a positive Thomson coefficient to produce a better cooling performance. The total efficiency of a TEC powered by solar cell is the product of PV system efficiency and the COP of the cooler. Therefore, the enhancement of PV system efficiency and the selection of materials with better thermoelectric performance are important in the design of solar-powered thermoelectric cooler. The performance of solar cell-powered TEC depends on solar insolation which varies with weather, climate, and geographic location. Due to the variation in insolation and unavailability of solar power in the night, a battery must be used to store the energy. This paper presents a comprehensive review about the thermoelectric coolers and the dependance of performance of TECs on various operating and design parameters. The results reported for the performance improvement of solar PV-powered thermoelectric coolers were critically analysed.
Mourning the demise of the Italian Communist Party: Turinese memories of the PCI
Authors: Chabert Alexandre 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOn 12 November 1989, three days after the fall of the Berlin Wall, Achille Occhetto, the Secretary of the Italian Communist Party (PCI), announced that the Party needed to transform itself, implicitly including changing its name. His announcement launched a 15-month-long process that culminated in the dissolution of the PCI and the rise of a new political organisation, which became a member of the Socialist International. Drawing on the individual and collective memories of former Turinese PCI officials, this essay examines the complex, tortuous abandonment of the communist reference and the disintegration of the political community surrounding the Party. Because of their highly varied reactions, the dissolution of the PCI caused fragmentation of the subsequent careers and paths of former Party ‘comrades’. To this day, the 1989 turning point continues to inspire highly diverse memories among former Italian communists.
Relationship between health insurance enrolment and unintended pregnancy in Ghana
Authors: Oyediran Kola’ , Davis Nikki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractContext:The effect of health insurance coverage on sexual and reproductive health, especially unintended pregnancy, has scantly been researched. Using the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey, the study examined the links between women’s health insurance enrolment on unintended pregnancy in Ghana.Method:The sample consisted of 9,396 women aged 15-49 years, but the analysis was limited to the 4,544 women who were pregnant in the two years preceding the survey. The effects of health insurance enrolment on unintended pregnancy was examined with the propensity score matching. The health insurance enrolment was the treatment variable and unintended pregnancy as the outcome variable.Results:This study showed that 66.0% of all women surveyed had health insurance coverage and 31.8% of all women of childbearing age who were currently or had previously been pregnant reported having at least one unintended pregnancy. Thirty percent of insured women had an unintended pregnancy, compared to 37% of uninsured women. The results showed that education, household wealth index, religion, and type of marital union were significant predictor of health insurance coverage among Ghanaian women. The PSM split the women based on their health insurance status. After matching, the difference between the insured and uninsured women reduces significantly. Results demonstrated that, the probability of unintended pregnancy was 0.312 among insured women and 0.351 among those not insured in Ghana. This implies that having health insurance coverage will help in reducing the likelihood of women experiencing unintended pregnancy.Conclusions:Results highlight the importance of the target of universal health coverage under the sustainable development goal 3 and demonstrate that expanding existing health insurance schemes within Ghana could contribute to reducing the number unintended pregnancies experienced each year.
Against Intelligence: Rethinking Criteria for Medical School Admissions
Authors: Appel Jacob M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Intelligence, as measured by grades and/or standardized test scores, plays a principal role in the medical school admissions process in most nations. Yet while sufficient intelligence is necessary to practice medicine effectively, no evidence suggests that surplus intelligence beyond that threshold is correlated with providing higher quality medical care. This paper argues that using perceived measures of intelligence to distinguish between applicants, at levels that exceed the level of intelligence required to practice medicine, is both unfair to applicants and fails to serve the interests of patients.
An attribution analysis of investment risk sharing in collective defined contribution schemes
Authors: Barajas-Paz Andres , Donnelly Catherine 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA quantification of the financial implications of the design of a funded, collective defined contribution (CDC) pension scheme is presented and illustrated. It is done through an attribution analysis, which allows the importance of various elements of CDC scheme design to be determined. The model of a CDC scheme analysed is based lightly on the first CDC scheme set to be approved in the UK. In the CDC scheme analysed, contributions are fixed and the initial benefit accrued by each contribution is fixed. Once accrued, benefits are subsequently adjusted annually in response to changes in assumptions and returns. An attribution of the benefit payments shows that this design gives higher benefits to the first generations and lower benefits to the last generations, for a scheme which starts with no members. The contributions paid also affect the balance of benefits paid between generations. Too high a contribution is to the advantage of the first generations. Too low a contribution is in the interests of the later generations. The conclusion, within the simple model considered, is that a constant benefit accrual is an important design choice. Its financial consequences across all generations should be carefully analysed, if it is intended to be implemented. Additionally, contributions should be reviewed regularly in such a CDC scheme, to ensure that cross-subsidies are not borne excessively by particular generations.
Snap bean response to pyroxasulfone in a diversity panel
Authors: Williams Martin M. , Saballos Ana , Peachey R. Ed 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIf available for use on snap bean, pyroxasulfone would provide valuable preemergence control of troublesome weed species that currently contaminate the crop postharvest. The extent to which snap bean tolerates pyroxasulfone is poorly documented. The objective of this research was to quantify the extent to which pyroxasulfone tolerance exists in a large collection of snap bean cultivars. A snap bean diversity panel of 277 entries was screened for tolerance to sulfentrazone at a rate of 420 g ai ha−1 in a field trial in 2019 and 2020 near Urbana, IL. Snap bean cultivars exhibited variation in tolerance to pyroxasulfone. While a handful of cultivars were tolerant across variable environments, most cultivars were sensitive in the year that had 30% more water supply (rainfall plus sprinkler irrigation) within 3 wk of planting. Low estimates of broad-sense heritability reflect a large influence of the environment on seedling emergence and growth. With a few exceptions, currently, the margin of crop safety across diverse germplasm is insufficient for registration of pyroxasulfone use on snap bean crops.
Unraveling Textural and Chemical Features in Volcanic Rocks Through Advanced Image Processing: A Case Study From the 2019 Paroxysmal Eruptions of Stromboli
Authors: Visalli Roberto , Giuffrida Marisa , Viccaro Marco 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Quantitative X‐Ray Map Analyzer software, a new tool for image processing, has been tested on intertwined pumices and scoriae emitted during the two paroxysmal eruptions of Stromboli of 2019, whose textural and compositional heterogeneities reflect the coexistence of low porphyritic shoshonitic‐basalts and high porphyritic shoshonites. The procedure applied was designed to quantitatively document the complex variations in texture and composition of these products, allowing substantial time reduction of analytical and data processing. The procedure utilizes Principal Components Analysis and supervised Maximum Likelihood Classification for multivariate statistical data handling of an array of X‐ray elemental maps acquired at the millimeter scale in thin‐sections. This technique permits the production of high‐contrast colored images, which allow the classification of rock constituents, extrapolating the associated modal abundances and imaging chemical variations within the glass. Results highlight the close interconnection at the microscale of two types of magma in the erupted products, manifested in each processed image by the presence of contiguous areas preserving textural bulk properties typical of the pumice or scoria. The proportion of the two magmas feeding the eruptions is not simply represented by the proportions of scoria and pumice in individual clasts, as both scoria and pumice contain glass with the composition of shoshonitic‐basalts and shoshonites. This method also allows the recognition of important discordances between the textural and chemical features of the two fractions involved, as well as discernment of the compositions of the two interacting magmas at the microscopic scale, even in those micro‐domains showing evidence of intense interaction processes.
Rotation of a Ferromanganese Nodule in the Penrhyn Basin, South Pacific, Tracked by the Earth's Magnetic Field
Authors: Oda Hirokuni , Katanoda Wataru , Usui Akira , Murayama Masafumi , Yamamoto Yuhji 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFerromanganese nodules are cm‐sized, authigenic, abyssal manganese‐iron‐hydroxide concretions. They grow very slowly at rates of a few mm per million years. Although their ages are older than millions of years, they are often found half buried on the modern sediment surface. The mechanisms for the nodules' persistence at the surface without complete burial could be linked to their occasional motion or agitation. Here, we report evidence for the rotation of a nodule from the Penrhyn Basin, South Pacific detected by paleomagnetism. The paleomagnetic inclinations of specimens from the nodules' surface are consistent with the recent geomagnetic fields. The paleomagnetic directions from the surface to the core show successive changes and form a great circle with a pole at (azimuth = 53.9°, dip = 32.1°). This suggests that the nodule rotated along its pole while successively recording magnetizations. As the nodule was found on a gentle slope at the foot of an abyssal hill, it may have moved downslope due to bottom current underwashing. Rock magnetic analyses of the nodule suggest the presence of magnetite in single domain and vortex states. Low temperature magnetometry revealed that magnetite grains were heavily oxidized to maghemite, especially close to the core of the nodule. The rotation may have exposed the rising part of the nodule to oxidative pore water. Oxygenated Antarctic Bottom Water might have caused remagnetization due to low temperature oxidation of magnetite. The rotation would also facilitate the omnidirectional growth of the nodules' mixed layer of diagenetic buserite and hydrogenetic vernadite.
Extreme South Pacific Phytoplankton Blooms Induced by Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Russell Peter , Horvat Christopher 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWind‐driven mixing and Ekman pumping driven by slow‐moving tropical cyclones (TCs) can bring nutrients to the euphotic zone, promoting phytoplankton blooms (TC‐PBs) observable by satellite remote sensing. We examine an exceptional (z‐score = 18–48) TC‐PB induced by category‐1 Cyclone Oma near the South Pacific island of Vanuatu in February 2019, the most extreme event in the observed satellite record of South Pacific surface Chlorophyll‐a (Chl‐a). Examining all 156 South Pacific TC since 1997, we identify a “hover” parameter derivable from storm track data correlated with post‐TC surface Chl‐a (r = 0.84). Using a data set of synthetic storm tracks, we show revisit times for South Pacific TC‐PBs are O(250) years and O(1,500) years for Oma‐scale TC‐PBs. The episodic, extreme, but consistent nature of such events means they may imprint on sediment records. If so, we show their signature could be used to reconstruct past TC variability assuming near‐stationarity of TC statistics.