bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D Realistic Modeling of Solar-Type Stars to Characterize the Stellar Jitter
Authors: Kitiashvili Irina , Granovsky Samuel , Wray Alan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDetection of Earth-mass planets with the radial velocity method requires a precision of about 10cm/s to identify a signal caused by such a planet. At the same time, noise originating in the photospheric and subphotospheric layers of the parent star is of the order of meters per second. Understanding the physical nature of the photospheric noise (so-called stellar jitter) and characterizing it are critical for developing techniques to filter out these unwanted signals. We take advantage of current computational and technological capabilities to create 3D realistic models of stellar subsurface convection and atmospheres to characterize the photospheric jitter. We present 3D radiative hydrodynamic models of several solar-type target stars of various masses and metallicities, discuss how the turbulent surface dynamics and spectral line characteristics depend on stellar properties, and provide stellar jitter estimates for these stars.
Even a Blind Chicken Sometimes Finds a Grain of Corn—In My Case in Space
Authors: Pellinen‐Wannberg Asta 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSometimes you need to take strategic risks even though you cannot know in advance where they will lead. I left my comfortable city life in Helsinki for a PhD position in space physics far away in the Arctic. The first part of the title of this paper is a compliment—originally a German proverb—a throwaway comment from a professor in connection with my decision. Good luck also helps. When I was appointed as a university lecturer, I did not have a clue about a new law in Sweden opening the possibility for promotion of suitably qualified lecturers to professorships. Taking risks have several times been to my advantage. Even my most important discovery, meteor head echoes, was the result of a risky idea for observing sporadic E‐layers. Instead, we got the first direct signals from the plasma coma around the very fast small grains entering from space into Earth's atmosphere monitored with a high‐power large‐aperture (HPLA) radar. In addition to my research activities, I have been interested in equal opportunities and gender issues. The many twists along my way have enriched my knowledge capital. At the top of my career, sitting in decision‐making bodies I finally learned and can now, afterward, reveal some secrets about how things work.
Hydrological Model Adaptability to Rainfall Inputs of Varied Quality
Authors: Wang Jiao , Zhuo Lu , Han Dawei , Liu Ying , Rico‐Ramirez Miguel Angel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNumerous studies have evaluated the reliability and hydrologic utility of various rainfall data sets through hydrological modeling. However, the calibration of hydrological models compensates for errors in rainfall inputs. The drivers, conditions, and factors affecting the calibration of hydrological models given the accuracy of rainfall inputs are not well understood. Here, we explore hydrological model adaptability to rainfall inputs of varied quality and its potential mechanisms. Twenty‐eight rainfall products from multiple sources are collected for a headwater catchment in the Southern United States. These rainfall data sets include measurements from rain gauges, weather radars, satellites, reanalysis products, and Weather Research and Forecasting model simulations. Such rainfall data sets with varied errors are used to independently calibrate a widely used conceptual Xin'anjiang (XAJ) hydrological model. Results suggest that the hydrological model can often adapt well to two scenarios of inaccurate rainfall inputs producing high‐performance streamflow simulations. This adaptive ability is controlled by an adaptable threshold of the overall bias of the rainfall inputs. Moreover, hydrological model adaptability to rainfall inputs is further influenced by how event‐based rainfall bias shapes the overall rainfall bias, especially from those of heavy rainstorms. The hydrological model can adapt to those rainfall inputs that contain important information content for model calibration. Notably, the adaptability to rainfall inputs of the XAJ model is mainly controlled by a bias reduction through adjustment of evapotranspiration and soil moisture storage, yielding satisfactory effective rainfall. The study quantitatively sheds new light on hydrological model adaptability to rainfall input quality.
Development of gut mycobiome in infants and young children: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Turunen Jenni , Paalanne Niko , Reunanen Justus , Tapiainen Terhi , Tejesvi Mysore V. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
The composition of the gut fungal microbiome, mycobiome, is likely associated with human health. Yet, the development of gut mycobiome is poorly understood in infants and children. Here we investigate how perinatal events influence the development of gut mycobiome.

Methods
In this prospective cohort study of 140 infants, we used ITS gene sequencing of fecal samples from birth to the age of 18 months. We compared gut mycobiome composition according to delivery mode and exposure to intrapartum antibiotics during vaginal delivery.

Results
At birth, gut mycobiome were dominated by the genus Candida, at 6-month stool samples by Malassezia and Cystofilobasidium, and the 18-month stool samples by Trichosporon and unidentified fungi. Perinatal factors altered mycobiome. At 18 months, gut mycobiome of infants born vaginally consisted mostly of Trichosporon (32%) and unidentified fungi (31%), while those born via Cesarean section delivery samples had mycobiome dominated by Saccharomyces (50%). At the age of 18 months, those exposed to intrapartum antibiotics had mycobiome dominated by Trichosporon (66%) not seen in those unexposed to antibiotics.

Conclusions
Delivery mode and exposure to intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis were markedly associated with gut mycobiome composition from birth to 18 months of age.

Impact

The composition of the gut mycobiome is likely associated with human health. Yet, the development of gut mycobiome is poorly understood in infants and children.

In this prospective cohort study, delivery mode and exposure to intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis were markedly associated with gut mycobiome composition from birth to 18 months of age.

The impact of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis on fungal microbiome in vaginally born infants, previously shown to influence gut bacteriome composition, may be explained by the interaction between bacteria and fungi.

Gut mycobiome composition likely deserves further investigation in relation to gut microbiome and health in children.
Squid/synthetic polymer double-network gel: elaborated anisotropy and outstanding fracture toughness characteristics
Authors: Ohmura Shou , Nakajima Tasuku , Yoshida Masahiro , Gong Jian Ping 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe hierarchical anisotropy of a biotissue plays an essential role in its elaborate functions. To mimic the anisotropy-based functions of biotissues, soft and wet synthetic hydrogels with sophisticated biotissue-like anisotropy have been extensively explored. However, most existing synthetically manufactured anisotropic hydrogels exhibit fundamental anisotropy and poor mechanical toughness characteristics. In this paper, natural/synthetic hybrid double-network (DN) hydrogels with hierarchical anisotropy and high toughness characteristics are reported. These DN gels are prepared directly by using a squid mantle as an anisotropic soft bioproduct for the primary network and polyacrylamide (PAAm) as a synthetic polymer for the secondary network. The obtained squid/PAAm DN gel maintains the complex orientation of the muscle fibers of the squid mantle and exhibits anisotropic, enhanced mechanical properties and excellent fracture resistance due to its unique composite structure. This hybrid strategy provides a general method for preparing hydrogels with elaborated anisotropy and determining functions derived from the anisotropy.
The effects of spin-orbit coupling on optical properties of monolayer $$\text {MoS}_{2}$$ due to mechanical strains
Authors: Rezania H. , Abdi M. , Astinchap B. , Nourian E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe have studied the optical conductivity of a quasi two-dimensional $$\text {MoS}_{2}$$

MoS
2

in the presence of external magnetic field and spin-orbit coupling. Specially, we address the frequency dependence of optical conductivity due to spin-orbit interaction. Using linear response theory the behavior of optical conductivity has been obtained within Green’s function method. We have also considered the effects of uniaxial and biaxial in-plane strain on the optical absorption of $$\text {MoS}_{2}$$

MoS
2

layer. In the absence of external magnetic field with negative uniaxial strain parameter, optical conductivity includes Drude weight at zero frequency limit while Drude weight vanishes for $$\text {MoS}_{2}$$

MoS
2

layer under positive uniaxial strain. Our results show that the increase of uniaxial positive strain parameter causes to move the position peak to the higher frequencies. In contrast to uniaxial strain case, the Drude weight in optical conductivity appears at positive biaxial strain value 0.15. Also we have studied the effects of magnetic field, electron doping, hole doping in the presence of spin-orbit coupling on frequency dependence of optical conductivity of $$\text {MoS}_{2}$$

MoS
2

in details. The magnetic field dependence of optical absorption shows a monotonic decreasing behavior for each value of temperature in the absence of strain parameter.
Fonctionnaliser le verre pour de nouvelles propriétés optiques
Authors: Cardinal Thierry , Lancry Matthieu , Canioni Lionel , Poumellec Bertrand , Blanc Wilfried 
Published: January 2023

Si le verre possède de nombreux atouts, ses propriétés optiques sont parmi les plus remarquables. Sa transparence et son indice de réfraction ont longtemps été reliés exclusivement à sa composition globale. Cependant, la structuration des propriétés optiques en surface ou au coeur du verre, à l’échelle micro ou nanométrique, connait un engouement particulier ces dernières années.
Nous nous intéressons dans cet article à la structuration multidimensionnelle des verres par des impulsions lasers ultracourtes ou par l’insertion de nanoparticules au sein de fibres optiques. Cette approche mène à de nouvelles applications en photonique, mais aussi en optofluidique, optomécanique, micromoulage d’optiques ou encore pour le stockage optique pérenne d’informations.
Reverse Peroneal Artery Flap—A Workhorse Flap for Reconstruction of Large, Distal Defects of Ankle and Foot
Authors: Palukuri Lakshmi , Ireni Raja Kiran Kumar Goud , Jabbar Faiyaz Abdul , Nair Shaleena Sukumaran , Jambula Pranav Reddy , Kommu Vijaybabu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background Reconstruction of large foot and ankle defects is a difficult task due to less available local soft tissue and more critical from functional point of view. To overcome the limitations associated with locoregional flaps and free flaps, reverse peroneal artery (RPA) flap was selected and its usefulness in reconstruction of distal large defects of the ankle and foot and its complications were studied.
Materials and Methods This is a prospective observational study done in 20 patients treated as cohort within 2 years and 8 months from January 2018 to August 2020. Large defects of foot and ankle were reconstructed with RPA flap and evaluated for its usefulness. Three cases were evaluated with computed tomography angiography postoperatively, to assess the vascular pattern.
Conclusion RPA flap is a versatile and very reliable flap for the reconstruction of large and distal defects of foot and ankle. It is safely done in children and in acute trauma without any major complications.
TMEM161B modulates radial glial scaffolding in neocortical development
Authors: Wang Lu , Heffner Caleb , Vong Keng loi , Barrows Chelsea , Ha Yoo-Jin , Lee Sangmoon , Lara-Gonzalez Pablo , Jhamb Ishani , Van Der Meer Dennis , Loughnan Robert , Parker Nadine , Sievert David , Mittal Swapnil , Issa Mahmoud Y. , Andreassen Ole A. , Dale Anders , Dobyns William B. , Zaki Maha S. , Murray Stephen A. , Gleeson Joseph G. 
Published: January 2023

TMEM161B
encodes an evolutionarily conserved widely expressed novel 8-pass transmembrane protein of unknown function in human. Here we identify
TMEM161B
homozygous hypomorphic missense variants in our recessive polymicrogyria (PMG) cohort. Patients carrying
TMEM161B
mutations exhibit striking neocortical PMG and intellectual disability.
Tmem161b
knockout mice fail to develop midline hemispheric cleavage, whereas knock-in of patient mutations and patient-derived brain organoids show defects in apical cell polarity and radial glial scaffolding. We found that TMEM161B modulates actin filopodia, functioning upstream of the Rho-GTPase CDC42. Our data link
TMEM161B
with human PMG, likely regulating radial glia apical polarity during neocortical development.
Reversible switching between two common protein folds in a designed system using only temperature
Authors: Solomon Tsega L. , He Yanan , Sari Nese , Chen Yihong , Gallagher D. Travis , Bryan Philip N. , Orban John 
Published: January 2023

Naturally occurring metamorphic proteins have the ability to interconvert from one folded state to another through either a limited set of mutations or by way of a change in the local environment. Here, we show in a designed system that it is possible to switch reversibly between two of the most common monomeric folds employing only temperature changes. We demonstrate that a latent 3α state can be unmasked from an α/β-plait topology with a single V90T amino acid substitution, populating both forms simultaneously. The equilibrium between these two states exhibits temperature dependence, such that the 3α state is predominant (>90%) at 5 °C, while the α/β-plait fold is the major species (>90%) at 30 °C. We describe the structure and dynamics of these topologies, how mutational changes affect the temperature dependence, and the energetics and kinetics of interconversion. Additionally, we demonstrate how ligand-binding function can be tightly regulated by large amplitude changes in protein structure over a relatively narrow temperature range that is relevant to biology. The 3α/αβ switch thus represents a potentially useful approach for designing proteins that alter their fold topologies in response to environmental triggers. It may also serve as a model for computational studies of temperature-dependent protein stability and fold switching.
Nonequilibrium Green’s function approach to multi-band Cooper-pair transport: linear magnetoresistance effect due to nonunitary superconductivity
Authors: Tkachov G 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Many-body transport has emerged as an efficient tool for understanding interaction effects in quantum materials with a multi-band electronic structure. This paper proposes a formula for the two-particle transmission coefficient for Cooper-pair transport between multi-band normal and superconducting materials. The approach employs a tight-binding nonequilibrium Green’s function technique, allowing a direct calculation of the two-particle current, without invoking the paradigm of Andreev reflection. As an application of the theory, we demonstrate a low-field linear magnetoresistance effect for superconductors with an induced nonunitary order parameter. These results uncover an unexplored route for detecting unconventional nonunitary superconductivity in quantum materials of current theoretical and experimental interest.
Environmental sensitivity of GaN nanofins grown by selective area molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Pantle Florian , Wörle Simon , Karlinger Monika , Rauh Felix , Kraut Max , Stutzmann Martin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Nanostructures exhibit a large surface-to-volume ratio, which makes them sensitive to their ambient conditions. In particular, GaN nanowires and nanofins react to their environment as adsorbates influence their (opto-) electronic properties. Charge transfer between the semiconductor surface and adsorbed species changes the surface band bending of the nanostructures, and the adsorbates can alter the rate of non-radiative recombination in GaN. Despite the importance of these interactions with the ambient environment, the detailed adsorption mechanisms are still not fully understood. In this article, we present a systematic study concerning the environmental sensitivity of the electrical conductivity of GaN nanofins. We identify oxygen- and water-based adsorbates to be responsible for a quenching of the electrical current through GaN nanofins due to an increased surface band bending. Complementary contact potential difference measurements in controlled atmospheres on bulk m- and c-plane GaN reveal additional complexity with regard to water adsorption, for which surface dipoles might play an important role besides an increased surface depletion width. The sensitive reaction of the electrical parameters to the environment and surface condition underlines the necessity of a reproducible pre-treatment and/or surface passivation. The presented results help to further understand the complex adsorption mechanisms at GaN surfaces. Due to the sensitivity of the nanofin conductivity on the environment, such structures could perform well as sensing devices.
Lipschitz and Hölder stable determination of nonlinear terms for elliptic equations
Authors: Kian Yavar 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We consider the inverse problem of determining some class of nonlinear terms appearing in an elliptic equation from boundary measurements. More precisely, we study the stability issue for this class of inverse problems. Under suitable assumptions, we prove a Lipschitz and a Hölder stability estimate associated with the determination of quasilinear and semilinear terms appearing in this class of elliptic equations from measurements restricted to an arbitrary part of the boundary of the domain. Besides their mathematical interest, our stability estimates can be useful for improving numerical reconstruction of this class of nonlinear terms. Our approach combines the linearization technique with applications of suitable class of singular solutions.
Simulations of lithium impurity transport with a liquid lithium divertor using EMC3-EIRENE and ITCD
Authors: Gao G D , Liu B , Dai S Y , Chen Y T , Liu L Z , Feng Y , Wang D Z 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Simulations of lithium (Li) impurity transport behaviour with a liquid lithium divertor on the EAST tokamak have been performed using the fluid code EMC3-EIRENE and the Monte Carlo code ITCD. The interactions between particles and the wall surface, like the gyration-induced scrape-off effect, sheath acceleration, kinetic self-sputtering and reflection, are typically ignored or simplified in fluid models. In order to uncover the impacts of the scrape-off effect, sheath acceleration, kinetic self-sputtering and reflection on Li distribution, detailed analysis of the density distributions of Li1+ and Li2+ ions at the divertor region have been carried out by ITCD modelling. The newly-upgraded ITCD code can principally reproduce the distribution patterns of Li ions as well as EMC3-EIRENE under identical plasma conditions on EAST. However, due to the scrape-off effect and sheath acceleration, the densities of Li1+ and Li2+ ions simulated by ITCD are evidently reduced compared to the EMC3-EIRENE simulations. The kinetic self-sputtering by redeposited Li particles in ITCD can increase the densities of the Li ions. Moreover, the kinetic reflection database calculated by SRIM code has been employed by ITCD, which leads to an increase in the Li densities compared to the reflection approach used in EMC3-EIRENE. Overall, by adding the aforesaid physical effects in ITCD, the total number of Li ions shows an obvious reduction compared to the EMC3-EIRENE modelling.
The effect of impurity kinds and content on phase constituent and the microstructure of LaSi alloy
Authors: Wang Shuang , Chen Dehong , Zhong Jiamin , Zhang Xiaowei , Wang Zhiqiang , Lia Xin , Yang Zikun , Liu Dezhong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
LaSi alloy with 1:1 atomic ratio was prepared by vacuum arc melting process, and different content impurities of Fe, Ni and Cu were added into the LaSi alloy. The phase constituent and microstructure of LaSi alloy with different impurities were studied using XRD and SEM, respectively. Experimental results showed that the LaSi alloy exhibited a new phase LaSi2-x when the added Fe content reached more than 300ppm. And the main diffraction peak of LaSi phase was shifted to a lower angle with the increase of Fe content. Similar to the effect of Fe impurities, the phase LaSi2-x appeared when the Ni impurity was added into LaSi alloy, while the diffraction intensity of main peak reduced by about 5 times compared to high-pure LaSi alloy. There was no LaSi2-x phase when the Cu was added into LaSi alloy, and the diffraction intensity of the main peak of LaSi increased by 2 times compared to the high-purity LaSi alloy. The microstructure of LaSi with Fe and Ni impurities displayed dark grey network. The LaSi alloy exhibited almost single-phase microstructure when the Cu impurity content reached 1526ppm. The Fe and Ni impurities exerted an obvious effect on phase and microstructure of LaSi alloy, while the Cu impurities played little effect on the phase and microstructure of LaSi alloy.
Phosphorus availability and planting patterns regulate soil microbial effects on plant performance in a semiarid steppe
Authors: Li Yawen , Lu Xiaoming , Su Jishuai , Bai Yongfei 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Growing evidence has suggested that plant responses to model soil microorganisms are context dependent; however, few studies have investigated the effects of whole soil microbial communities on plant performance in different abiotic and biotic conditions. To address this, we examined how soil phosphorus (P) availability and different planting patterns regulate soil microbial effects on the growth of two native plant species in a semiarid steppe.

Methods
We carried out a glasshouse experiment to explore the effects of the whole indigenous soil microbiota on the growth and performance of Leymus chinensis and Cleistogenes squarrosa using soil sterilization with different soil P availabilities and planting patterns (monoculture and mixture). Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to explain the potential molecular mechanisms of the soil microbial effects on C. squarrosa.

Key Results
The soil sterilization treatment significantly increased the biomass of L. chinensis and C. squarrosa in both monoculture and mixture conditions, which indicated that the soil microbiota had negative growth effects on both plants. The addition of P neutralized the negative microbial effects for both L. chinensis and C. squarrosa, whereas the mixture treatment amplified the negative microbial effects on L. chinensis but alleviated them on C. squarrosa. Transcriptomic analysis from C. squarrosa roots underscored that the negative soil microbial effects were induced by the upregulation of defence genes. The P addition treatment resulted in significant decreases in the number of differentially expressed genes attributable to the soil microbiota, and some defence genes were downregulated.

Conclusions
Our results underline that indigenous soil microbiota have negative effects on the growth of two dominant plant species from a semiarid steppe, but their effects are highly dependent on the soil P availability and planting patterns. They also indicate that defence genes might play a key role in controlling plant growth responses to the soil microbiota.