bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bulk Incorporation of Molecular Dopants into Ruddlesden–Popper Organic Metal–Halide Perovskites for Charge Transfer Doping
Authors: Lee Jonghoon , Baek Kyeong‐Yoon , Lee Jeongjae , Ahn Heebeom , Kim Yongjin , Lim Hyungbin , Kim Yeeun , Woo Jaeyong , Stranks Samuel D. , Lee Sung Keun , Sirringhaus Henning , Kang Keehoon , Lee Takhee 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOrganic metal‐halide perovskites (OHPs) have recently attracted much attention as next‐generation semiconducting materials due to their outstanding opto‐electrical properties. However, OHPs currently suffer from the lack of efficient doping methods, while the traditional method of atomistic doping having clear limitations in the achievable doping range. While doping with molecular dopants, has been suggested as a solution to this problem, the action of these dopants is typically restricted to perovskite surfaces, therefore significantly reducing their doping potential. In this study, successful bulk inclusion of “magic blue”, a molecular dopant, into 2D Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites is reported. This doping strategy of immersing the perovskite film in dopant solution increases the electrical current up to ≈60 times while maintaining clean film surface. A full mechanistic picture of such immersion doping is provided, in which the solvent molecule facilitates bulk diffusion of dopant molecule inside the organic spacer layer. Physical criteria for judicious choice of solvents in immersion doping are developed based on readily available solvent properties. The immersion doping method developed in this study that enables bulk molecular doping in OHPs will provide a strategic doping methodology for controlling electrical properties of OHPs for electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Polar Perturbations in Functional Oxide Heterostructures
Authors: Oh Yoon Seok , Wang Lingfei , Lee Hyungwoo , Choi Woo Seok , Kim Tae Heon 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGrowth and characterization of metal‐oxide thin films foster successful development of oxide‐material‐integrated thin‐film devices represented by metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistors (MOSFET), drawing enormous technological and scientific interest for several decades. In recent years, functional oxide heterostructures have demonstrated remarkable achievements in modern technologies and provided deeper insights into condensed‐matter physics and materials science owing to their versatile tunability and selective amplification of the functionalities. One of the most critical aspects of their physical properties is the polar perturbation stemming from the ionic framework of an oxide. By engineering and exploiting the structural, electrical, magnetic, and optical characteristics through various routes, numerous perceptive studies have clearly shown how polar perturbations advance functionalities or drive exotic physical phenomena in complex oxide heterostructures. In this review, both intrinsic (engraved by thin‐film heteroepitaxy) and extrinsic (reversibly controllable defect‐mediated disorder and polar adsorbates) elements of polar perturbations, highlighting their abilities for the development of highly tunable functional properties are summarized. Scientifically, the recent approaches of polar perturbations render one to consolidate a prospect of atomic‐level manipulation of polar order in epitaxial oxide thin films. Technologically, this review also offers useful guidelines for rational design to heterogeneously integrated oxide‐based multi‐functional devices with high performances.
Targeted Modulation of Competitive Active Sites toward Nitrogen Fixation via Sulfur Vacancy Engineering Over MoS2
Authors: Fei Hao , Liu Ruoqi , Wang Jian , Guo Ting , Wu Zhuangzhi , Wang Dezhi , Liu Fangyang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractElectrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) offers an environmentally benign and sustainable alternative for NH3 synthesis. However, developing NRR electrocatalysts with both high activity and selectivity remains a significant challenge. Guided by the density functional theory (DFT) calculations and further verified by the experiment, a modulated MoS2 with well‐controlled S vacancies (MoS2‐Vs) is prepared as an excellent electrocatalyst for NRR, where both the activity and selectivity of NRR mightily rely on the S‐vacancy concentration. The optimized catalyst (MoS2‐7H) in a suitable S‐vacancy concentration (17.5%) is empowered with an excellent NRR activity (NH3 yield rate: 66.74 µg h−1 mg−1 at −0.6 V) and selectivity (Faradic efficiency (FE): 14.68% at −0.5 V). Further mechanistic study reveals that the NRR performance is powerfully concentration‐dependent since its activity is enhanced due to the S‐vacancy‐strengthened N2 adsorption and reduced reaction energy barrier. Simultaneously, its selectivity is synchronously improved by the steadily enhanced NRR activity and inversely suppressed hydrogen evolution reaction through limiting H2 desorption kinetics, which sets it markedly apart from other reported defective MoS2‐based catalysts.
Magnetic Nanoislands in a Morphotropic Cobaltite Matrix
Authors: Chen Shengru , Rong Dongke , Shang Yan‐Xing , Cai Miming , Li Xinyan , Zhang Qinghua , Xu Shuai , Xu Yue , Gao Hanbin , Hong Haitao , Cui Ting , Jin Qiao , Wang Jia‐Ou , Gu Lin , Zheng Qiang , Wang Can , Zhang Jinxing , Liu Gang‐Qin , Jin Kui‐Juan , Guo Er‐Jia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHigh‐density magnetic memories are essential components for spintronics, quantum computing, and energy‐efficient electronics. Miniaturization of magnetic storage units requires reduced dimensionality and magnetic domain stability at the nanoscale. However, inducing magnetic order and selectively tuning spin‐orbital coupling at specific locations is challenging. Here, an unprecedented approach is demonstrated to construct switchable magnetic nanoislands in a nonmagnetic matrix based on cobaltite homostructures. The magnetic and electronic states are laterally modified by epitaxial strain, which is regionally controlled by freestanding membranes. Tensile‐strained cobaltite layers exhibit ferromagnetic properties, while compressively strained cobaltite layers exhibit a small magnetic response to applied fields. The minimum size of magnetic nanoislands reaches ≈35 nm in diameter, suggesting the highest possible areal density can reach upto ≈400 Gbit/in2. This methodology provides an ideal platform for precisely controlled read/write schemes and enables scalable and patterned memories on silicon and flexible supports for various applications.
Photostable Cascade‐Activatable Peptide Self‐Assembly on a Cancer Cell Membrane for High‐Performance Identification of Human Bladder Cancer
Authors: Wang Ziqi , Zhao Changhao , Li Yaowei , Wang Jiaqi , Hou Dayong , Wang Lu , Wang Yueze , Wang Xunwei , Liu Xiao , Wang Hao , Xu Wanhai 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMissed or residual tumor burden results in high risk for bladder cancer relapse. However, existing fluorescent probes cannot meet the clinical needs because of inevitable photobleaching properties. Performance can be improved by maintaining intensive and sustained fluorescence signals via resistance to intraoperative saline flushing and intrinsic fluorescent decay, providing surgeons with sufficiently clear and high‐contrast surgical fields, avoiding residual tumors or missed diagnosis. This study designs and synthesizes a photostable cascade‐activatable peptide, a target reaction‐induced aggregation peptide (TRAP) system, which can construct polypeptide‐based nanofibers in situ on the cell membrane to achieve long‐term and stable imaging of bladder cancer. The probe has two parts: a target peptide (TP) targets CD44v6 to recognize bladder cancer cells, and a reaction‐induced aggregation peptide (RAP) is introduced, which effectively reacts with the TP via a click reaction to enhance the hydrophobicity of the whole molecule, assembling into nanofibers and further nanonetworks. Accordingly, probe retention on the cell membrane is prolonged, and photostability is significantly improved. Finally, the TRAP system is successfully employed in the high‐performance identification of human bladder cancer in ex vivo bladder tumor tissues. This cascade‐activatable peptide molecular probe based on the TRAP system enables efficient and stable imaging of bladder cancer.
Noble‐Metal‐Free Single‐ and Dual‐Atom Catalysts for Artificial Photosynthesis
Authors: Li Huaxing , Li Rongjie , Liu Gang , Zhai Maolin , Yu Jiaguo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractArtificial photosynthesis enables direct solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion aimed at mitigating environmental pollution and producing solar fuels and chemicals in a green and sustainable approach, and efficient, robust, and low‐cost photocatalysts are the heart of artificial photosynthesis systems. As an emerging new class of cocatalytic materials, single‐atom catalysts (SACs) and dual‐atom catalysts (DACs) have received a great deal of current attention due to their maximal atom utilization and unique photocatalytic properties, whereas noble‐metal‐free ones impart abundance, availability, and cost‐effectiveness allowing for scalable implementation. This review outlines the fundamental principles and synthetic methods of SACs and DACs and summarizes the most recent advances in SACs (Co, Fe, Cu, Ni, Bi, Al, Sn, Er, La, Ba, etc.) and DACs (CuNi, FeCo, InCu, KNa, CoCo, CuCu, etc.) based on non‐noble metals, confined on an arsenal of organic or inorganic substrates (polymeric carbon nitride, metal oxides, metal sulfides, metal–organic frameworks, carbon, etc.) acting as versatile scaffolds in solar‐light‐driven photocatalytic reactions, including hydrogen evolution, carbon dioxide reduction, methane conversion, organic synthesis, nitrogen fixation, hydrogen peroxide production, and environmental remediation. The review concludes with the challenges, opportunities, and future prospects of noble‐metal‐free SACs and DACs for artificial photosynthesis.
X‐ray‐Induced Release of Nitric Oxide from Hafnium‐Based Nanoradiosensitizers for Enhanced Radio‐Immunotherapy
Authors: Liu Nanhui , Zhu Junjie , Zhu Wenjun , Chen Linfu , Li Maoyi , Shen Jingjing , Chen Muchao , Wu Yumin , Pan Feng , Deng Zheng , Liu Yi , Yang Guangbao , Liu Zhuang , Chen Qian , Yang Yang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRadiotherapy (RT) is an extensively used strategy for cancer treatment, but its therapeutic effect is usually limited by the abnormal tumor microenvironment (TME) and it lacks the ability to control tumor metastases. In this work, a nanoscale coordination polymer, Hf‐nIm@PEG (HNP), is prepared by the coordination of hafnium ions (Hf4+) with 2‐nitroimidazole (2‐nIm), and then modified with lipid bilayers containing poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). Under low‐dose X‐ray irradiation, on the one hand, Hf4+ with high computed tomography signal enhancement ability can deposit radiation energy to induce DNA damage, and on the other hand, NO can be persistently released from 2‐nIm, which can not only directly react with the radical DNA to prevent the repair of damaged DNA but also relieves the hypoxic immunosuppressive TME to sensitize radiotherapy. Additionally, NO can also react with superoxide ions to generate reactive nitrogen species (RNS) to induce cell apoptosis. More interestingly, it is discovered that Hf4+ can effectively activate the cyclic‐di‐GMP‐AMP synthase (cGAS)‐stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway to promote the immune responses induced by radiotherapy. Thus, this work presents a simple but multifunctional nanoscale coordination polymer to deposit radiation energy, trigger the release of NO, modulate the TME, activate the cGAS‐STING pathway, and finally realize synergistic radio‐immunotherapy.
Coaxial 3D Printing of Zeolite‐Based Core–Shell Monolithic Cu‐SSZ‐13@SiO2 Catalysts for Diesel Exhaust Treatment
Authors: Wei Yingzhen , Wang Shuang , Chen Mengyang , Han Jinfeng , Yang Guoju , Wang Qifei , Di Jiancheng , Li Hongli , Wu Wenzheng , Yu Jihong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCore–shell catalysts with functional shells can increase the activity and stability of the catalysts in selective catalytic reduction of NOx with ammoniax. However, the conventional approaches based on multistep fabrication for core–shell structures encounter persistent restrictions regarding strict synthesis conditions and limited design flexibility. Herein, a facile coaxial 3D printing strategy is for the first time developed to construct zeolite‐based core–shell monolithic catalysts with interconnected honeycomb structures, in which the hydrophilic noncompact silica serves as shell and Cu‐SSZ‐13 zeolite acts as core. Compared to a Cu‐SSZ‐13 monolith which suffers from the interfacial diffusion, the SiO2 shell layer can increase the accessibility of active sites over Cu‐SSZ‐13@SiO2, resulting in a 10–20% higher NO conversion at200−550 °C under 300 000 cm3 g−1 h−1. Meanwhile, a thicker SiO2 shell enhances the hydrothermal stability of the aged catalyst by inhibiting the dealumination and the formation of CuOx. Other representative monolithic catalysts with different topological zeolites as shell and diverse metal oxides as the core can be also realized by this coaxial 3D printing. This strategy allows multiple porous materials to be directly integrated, which allows for flexible design and fabrication of various core–shell monolithic catalysts with customized functionalities.
Longitudinal Through‐Hole Architecture for Efficient and Thickness‐Insensitive Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Duan Xiaopeng , Liu Chunhui , Cai Yunhao , Ye Linglong , Xue Jingwei , Yang Yinuo , Ma Wei , Sun Yanming 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSemi‐transparent organic solar cells (ST‐OSCs) have great potential for application in vehicle‐ or building‐integrated solar energy harvesting. Ultrathin active layers and electrodes are typically utilized to guarantee high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and high average visible transmittance (AVT) simultaneously; however, such ultrathin parts are unsuitable for industrial high‐throughput manufacturing. In this study, ST‐OSCs are fabricated using a longitudinal through‐hole architecture to achieve functional region division and to eliminate the dependence on ultrathin films. A complete circuit that vertically corresponds to the silver grid is responsible for obtaining high PCE, and the longitudinal through‐holes embedded in it allow most of the light to pass through,where the overall transparency is associated with the through‐hole specification rather than the thicknesses of active layer and electrode. Excellent photovoltaic performance over a wide range of transparency (9.80–60.03%), with PCEs ranging from 6.04% to 15.34% is achieved. More critically, this architecture allows printable 300‐nm‐thick devices to achieve a record‐breaking light utilization efficiency (LUE) of 3.25%, and enables flexible ST‐OSCs to exhibit better flexural endurance by dispersing the extrusion stress into the through‐holes. This study paves the way for fabricating high‐performance ST‐OSCs and shows great promise for the commercialization of organic photovoltaics.
Tuning Catalytic Activity of Ni–Co Nanoparticles Synthesized by Gamma‐Radiolytic Reduction of Acetate Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Yang Yi , Korzhavyi Pavel A. , Nikolaychuk Pavel A. , Bazarkina Elena F. , Kvashnina Kristina O. , Butorin Sergei M. , Tarakina Nadezda V. , Soroka Inna L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTransition metal‐based catalysts show great potential to replace Pt‐based material in energy conversion devices thanks to their low cost, reasonable intrinsic activity, thermodynamic stability, and corrosion resistance. The electrochemical performance of such catalysts is sensitive to their composition and structure. Here, it is demonstrated that homogeneous alloy nanoparticles with varying Ni‐to‐Co ratio and controlled structure can be synthesized from aqueous Ni(Co) acetate solutions using a facile γ‐radiolytic reduction method. The obtained samples are found to possess defects that are ordered to form polytypes structures. The concentration of these defects depends on the Ni‐to‐Co ratio, as supported by the results of ab initio calculations. It is found that structural defects may influence the activity of catalysts toward the oxygen evolution reaction, while this effect is less pronounced with respect to the oxygen reduction reaction. At the same time, the activity of Ni–Co catalysts in the hydrogen evolution reaction is affected by formation of NiOH bonds on the surface rather than by the presence of structural defects. This study demonstrates that the composition of NiCo nanoparticles is an essential factor affecting their structure, and both composition and structure can be tuned to optimize electrochemical performance with respect to various catalytic reactions.
Highly Resolved and Cross‐Talk Free Multiplexed Holograms via Broadband Vectorial Interferometry
Authors: Audia Biagio , Pagliusi Pasquale , Mazzulla Alfredo , Cipparrone Gabriella 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe ever‐growing demand for ultracompact micro‐ and nano‐optics is guided by efficient applications in augmented/virtual reality, displays, and Fourier optics. The current technologies, mainly based on meta‐solutions, suffer in terms of efficiency and tunability, as well as complex and multi‐step fabrication methods that may limit their full‐scale potential. Herein, a broadband laser composed of close and highly correlated lines allows, via interference patterning, for simultaneous encoding of multiplexed, independent, and cross‐talk free holograms with nanometric separation. The reported findings show that such light, unusual for holographic recording, unlocks new features of organized collective phenomena, overcoming the usual spatial resolution limitations of the optical techniques. This approach gives promising perspectives for in situ design of reconfigurable structured optics, besides the obvious advantages of full‐scalability, easiness, cost effectiveness, and time and energy consumption.
Toward Clinical Transfer of Tumor‐Targeted Ultrasmall Inorganic Nanoparticles
Authors: Carmès Léna , Banerjee Mainak , Coliat Pierre , Harlepp Sébastien , Pivot Xavier , Tillement Olivier , Lux François , Detappe Alexandre 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUltrasmall nanoparticles (USNs) (nanoparticles with hydrodynamic diameter <10 nm) are being widely developed pre‐clinically and started to emerge in clinical trials over the last decade. Most of these USNs display the same features including short retention time in the blood, rapid renal clearance, and relie on passive targeting strategy to reach the tumor. Through this review, the development of AGuIX USNs is focused on because of their clinical usages as passively targeted USN but also because of their possible biofunctionalizations with peptides and monoclonal antibodies which are validated in various pre‐clinical tumor models. As a result, the authors reviewed all the current biofunctionalization strategies that can be employed and confirmed based on a meta‐analysis of the literature that biofunctionalized USNs pharmacokinetic and biodistribution profiles are dictated by the USNs and not the active targeting moiety. Additionally, it is demonstrated that such active targeting strategy improves the tumor targeting efficiency of the AGuIX USN but also increases their tumor retention time in comparison to the passively targeted AGuIX USNs, which may lead to an opportunity to reduce the number of injections/expend the therapeutic benefit of the drug product.
Thin Film Composite Membranes with Regulated Crossover and Water Migration for Long‐Life Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Tan Rui , Wang Anqi , Ye Chunchun , Li Jiaxi , Liu Dezhi , Darwich Barbara Primera , Petit Luke , Fan Zhiyu , Wong Toby , Alvarez‐Fernandez Alberto , Furedi Mate , Guldin Stefan , Breakwell Charlotte E. , Klusener Peter A. A. , Kucernak Anthony R. , Jelfs Kim E. , McKeown Neil B. , Song Qilei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRedox flow batteries (RFBs) are promising for large‐scale long‐duration energy storage owing to their inherent safety, decoupled power and energy, high efficiency, and longevity. Membranes constitute an important component that affects mass transport processes in RFBs, including ion transport, redox‐species crossover, and the net volumetric transfer of supporting electrolytes. Hydrophilic microporous polymers, such as polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIM), are demonstrated as next‐generation ion‐selective membranes in RFBs. However, the crossover of redox species and water migration through membranes are remaining challenges for battery longevity. Here, a facile strategy is reported for regulating mass transport and enhancing battery cycling stability by employing thin film composite (TFC) membranes prepared from a PIM polymer with optimized selective‐layer thickness. Integration of these PIM‐based TFC membranes with a variety of redox chemistries allows for the screening of suitable RFB systems that display high compatibility between membrane and redox couples, affording long‐life operation with minimal capacity fade. Thickness optimization of TFC membranes further improves cycling performance and significantly restricts water transfer in selected RFB systems.
All‐Dry Deterministic Transfer of Thin Gold Nanowires for Electrical Connectivity
Authors: Aldave Diego Alonso , Lopez‐Polin Guillermo , Moreno Consuelo , Zamora Félix , Ares Pablo , Gómez‐Herrero Julio 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMetallic nanowires (NWs) exhibit a number of interesting properties, such as high conductivity, flexibility, and cold‐weldability, making them ideal for nanocircuits. They are usually adsorbed on substrates by depositing a colloidal solution of NWs on the surface. However, they remain randomly scattered and solvent residues may contaminate/ degrade the sample. This study presents a method for forming electrical contacts with gold nanowires based on all‐dry deterministic transfer. The process begins with the adsorption of gold nanowires by drop casting the colloidal solution onto a viscoelastic substrate. These wires are transferred to selected locations on the substrate, minimizing manipulation with fabrication times a factor of 2 shorter than direct drop casting deposition, preserving surface and sample conditions, and improving the fabrication of nanocircuits. Atomic force microscopy is used to manipulate the NWs for the final connections, which have contact resistances of a few ohms. To illustrate the technique, three different examples of applicability are presented. This work is expected to be a starting point for expanding the potential of deterministic transfer that is successfully used in 2D materials. For example, to study local electrical transport in heterogeneous samples such as van der Waals heterostructures and twisted layers of 2D materials.
Red‐Sensitive Image Array Based on Defect‐Engineered PBDB‐T/WSe1.5‐WSe2/Graphene Heterostructure
Authors: Liu Yue , Hu HaiX , Yuan MeiL , Yin Hang , Qu Yuanyuan , Tan Yang , Chen Feng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract2D transitional metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) materials have potential applications in image arrays for electronic eyes that mimick the human visual system. However, as a crucial requirement of the electronic eye, color discrimination is hard to achieve due to the broad absorption band of the TMDCs in the visible region. Here, a red‐sensitive photodetector based on the defect‐engineered WSe2‐Graphene heterostructure covered by PBDB‐T polymers is proposed. The WSe2‐Graphene heterostructure is partially modified by defects generated by the focused ion beam, forming a photovoltaic diode at the boundary of the engineered region. Then, PBDB‐T with optical absorption centered at the wavelength of 624 nm is coated onto the surface of the heterostructure, enhancing the photoresponse of the defect‐engineered WSe2‐Graphene to the red light (633 nm) ten times. Furthermore, a red‐sensitive image array with 6 × 10 pixels is constructed. This work paves a novel avenue for developing the 2D color‐resolvable photodetector array.