bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The well-being and work-related stress of senior school leaders in Wales and Northern Ireland during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional descriptive study
Authors: Marchant Emily , Dowd Joanna , Bray Lucy , Rowlands Gill , Miles Nia , Crick Tom , James Michaela , Dadaczynski Kevin , Okan Orkan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic caused far-reaching societal changes, including significant educational impacts, affecting over 1.6 billion pupils and 100 million education practitioners globally. Senior school leaders were at the forefront; an occupation already reporting high work-related stress and large numbers leaving the profession preceding COVID-19, leaders were exposed to high demands relating to the numerous challenges they had to manage during a “crisis leadership” period. This cross-sectional descriptive study through the international COVID-HL network aimed to examine the well-being and work-related stress of senior school leaders (n=323) in Wales (n=172) and Northern Ireland (n=151) during COVID-19 (2021-2022). Findings suggest that senior school leaders reported high workloads (54.22±11.30 hours/week), low well-being (65.2% n=202, mean WHO-5 40.85±21.57), depressive symptoms (WHO-5 34.8% n=108) and high work-related stress (PSS-10: 29.91±4.92). High exhaustion (BAT: high/very high 89.0% n=285) and specific psychosomatic complaints (experiencing muscle pain 48.2% n=151) were also reported, and females had statistically higher outcomes in these areas. School leaders were engaging in self-endangering working behaviours; 74.7% (n=239) gave up leisure activities in favour of work and 63.4% (n=202) sacrificed sufficient sleep, which was statistically higher for females. These findings are concerning given that the UK is currently experiencing a “crisis” in educational leadership against a backdrop of pandemic-related pressures. Senior leaders’ high attrition rates further exacerbate this, proving costly to educational systems and placing additional financial and other pressures on educational settings and policy response. This has implications for senior leaders and pupil-level outcomes including health, well-being and educational attainment, requiring urgent tailored and targeted support from the education and health sectors. This is particularly pertinent for Wales and Northern Ireland as devolved nations in the UK, who are both implementing or contemplating major education system level reforms, including new statutory national curricula, requiring significant leadership, engagement and ownership from the education profession.
Sucrose-mediated translational stalling involves a conserved ribosomal pocket
Authors: van der Horst Sjors , Englmeier Robert , Hanson Johannes , Smeekens Sjef , Förster Friedrich 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWithin eukaryotes, 20-50% of the mRNAs contain short open reading frames (uORFs) located upstream of the main ORF. A significant fraction of these uORFs encode conserved peptides (CPuORFs) that regulate translation in response to specific metabolites. A well-studied example includes uORF2 of the plant growth inhibiting transcription factor bZIP11. Elevated intracellular sucrose levels lead to ribosome stalling at the stop codon of uORF2, thus reducing bZIP11 protein synthesis. Similar examples can be found in bacteria and animals, e.g. on the bacterialTnaCand humanCDH1-NPN*ORFs that both induce stalling at the stop codon when in the presence of tryptophan and the drug-like molecule PF846, respectively.In this study, we affinity-purifiedin vitrotranslated sucrose-stalled wheat ribosomes translating bZIP11-uORF2 and determined the ribosomes’ structures using cryo-electron microscopy. This revealed density inside a pocket in the ribosomal exit tunnel of the plantTriticum aestivum, that colocalizes with the binding locations of tryptophan and PF846 inE. coliand humans, respectively. We suggest this density corresponds to sucrose. Tryptophan and PF846 mode-of-action was previously proposed to inhibit release factor binding or function. Mutation of the uORF2 stop codon shows that its presence is crucial for sucrose-induced stalling, suggesting that the stalling only manifests during termination and not elongation. Moreover, the structural similarities with tryptophan-induced stalled ribosomes near the peptidyl transferase center indicates that an analogous mechanism of inhibition of release factor function is likely. Our findings suggest a conserved mechanistic framework across different organisms, wherein specific molecules interact with the nascent peptide and ribosome to modulate protein synthesis.
Sequential breakdown of the complexCf-9leaf mould resistance locus in tomato byFulvia fulva
Authors: de la Rosa Silvia , Schol Christiaan R. , Peregrina Ángeles Ramos , Winter David J. , Hilgers Anne M. , Maeda Kazuya , Iida Yuichiro , Tarallo Mariana , Jia Ruifang , Beenen Henriek G. , Rocafort Mercedes , de Wit Pierre J.G.M. , Bowen Joanna K. , Bradshaw Rosie E. , Joosten Matthieu H.A.J. , Bai Yuling , Mesarich Carl H. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryLeaf mould, caused byFulvia fulva, is a devastating disease of tomato plants. In many commercial tomato cultivars, resistance to this disease is governed by theCf-9locus, which comprises five paralogous genes (Cf-9A–9E) that encode receptor-like proteins. Two of these proteins contribute to resistance: Cf-9C recognizes the previously identifiedF. fulvaeffector Avr9 and provides resistance during all plant growth stages, while Cf-9B recognises the yet-unidentifiedF. fulvaeffector Avr9B and provides mature plant resistance only. In recent years,F. fulvastrains have emerged that have overcome theCf-9locus, withCf-9Ccircumvented throughAvr9deletion. To understand howCf-9Bis circumvented, we set out to identifyAvr9B.Comparative genomics,in plantatransient expression assays and gene complementation experiments were used to identifyAvr9B, while gene sequencing was used to assessAvr9Ballelic variation across a worldwide strain collection.A strict correlation betweenAvr9deletion and resistance-breaking mutations inAvr9Bwas observed in strains recently collected fromCf-9cultivars, whereasAvr9deletion but no mutations inAvr9Bwere observed in older strains.This research showcases howF. fulvahas evolved to sequentially break down the two functional resistance genes of the complexCf-9locus and highlights that this locus now has limited value for controlling leaf mould disease in worldwide commercial tomato production.
Supporting college student self-determination through motivational interviewing
Authors: Blankenship Benjamin Buck , Lee Jon 
Published: August 2023

PurposeThis study was intended to investigate a small-scale School-based Motivational Interviewing (SBMI) pilot with first-year college students. This approach honors student autonomy, supports self-determination and has the potential to impact educational outcomes in higher education. Motivational Interviewing (MI) is an evidence based conversational skill set, defined as “a collaborative conversational style for strengthening a person's own motivation and commitment to change” (Miller and Rollnick, 2013, p. 12). Student perceptions of satisfaction with the faculty-student mentoring intervention were sought. Relational aspects of MI (partnership, empathy and alliance) were also explored.Design/methodology/approachA mixed-method approach was used for the SBMI study, focused on college students with recent academic setbacks (N = 19).FindingsThe intervention was deployed with high levels of MI technical fidelity and relational quality. Participants reported high satisfaction with the intervention. The relational aspects and participant perceived alliance with their faculty were highly correlated across the intervention, adding to the discussion of the mechanisms of MI that contribute to its effectiveness.Research limitations/implicationsThis work is formative, yet at this point is not generalizable given the scope of the study.Practical implicationsFindings are encouraging for further development of this innovative pedagogical approach. Possible future applications of research are provided.Social implicationsDiscussed herein, SBMI has the potential to meet the needs of traditionally underrepresented student groups.Originality/valueThe reported study is the initial portion of a larger intervention development project.
Breaking incommensurability boundaries? On the production and publication of interparadigmatic research
Authors: Gendron Yves , Paugam Luc , Stolowy Hervé 
Published: August 2023

Purpose
This essay takes issue with the incommensurability thesis, which assumes that meaningful research work across different paradigms cannot occur. Could it be that the thesis understates the case for meaningful relationships to develop across paradigms? Is it possible that researchers can authentically and rewardingly collaborate across paradigms and create joint studies published in established journals?

Design/methodology/approach
Based on the observation that interparadigmatic research exists, the authors investigate two questions. How is interparadigmatic research expressed in the accounting research literature? How can we comprehend the process that underlies the development and publication of interparadigmatic research, focusing on cohabitation involving the positivist and interpretive paradigms of research?

Findings
To deal with the first question, the authors focus on two interparadigmatic articles: Greenwood et al. (2002) and Paugam et al. (2021). The authors find each article showcases a dominant paradigm – whereas the role of the other paradigm is represented as secondary; that is, complementing and enriching the dominant paradigm. To address the second question, the authors rely especially on their involvement as coauthors of three interparadigmatic studies, published between 2019 and 2022 in FT50 journals. The authors’ analysis brings to the fore a range of facilitators that fit their experiences, such as the development of cross-paradigmatic agreement within the authorship to cope with the complexity surrounding the object of study, the crafting of methodological compromises (e.g. regarding the number of documents to analyze) and the strategizing that the authorship enacted in dealing with journal gatekeepers.

Originality/value
From the authors’ experiences, they develop a model, which provides a tentative template to make sense of the process by which interparadigmatic research takes place. The model highlights the role of what the authors call “epistemic mediation” in producing interparadigmatic studies.
Slow soil enzyme recovery following invasive tree removal through gradual changes in bacterial and fungal communities
Authors: Sapsford S. J. , Dickie I. A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Biological invasions of plants have profound effects on ecosystem functioning by directly and indirectly altering soil microbiota, especially when invasive plants co‐invade with their associated microbiomes. Ecosystem functions may recover slowly following invader removal, with implications for restoration.

We investigated the recovery of soil ecosystem function (measured as soil enzymes) following the removal, at different densities and times, of invasive Pinus spp. in New Zealand, and how different enzymatic activities responded to pine legacies.

Enzymatic activities were driven by pine legacies via both abiotic (soil nutrients) and biotic (fungi and bacteria) soil properties, with different enzymes showing distinct patterns. The activity of the enzymes cellobiohydrolase (cellulose degrading), β‐glucosidase (cellulose degrading), N‐acetyl‐glucosaminidase (chitin degrading), laccase (lignin oxidising) and acid phosphatase (organic phosphate hydrolysing) were influenced by time since pine removal and by pine density at removal via effects on biotic communities. In comparison, Mn‐peroxidase (lignin oxidising) was positively correlated with density of pines at removal and was negatively correlated with time since removal and was only influenced by fungal communities.

Synthesis. The recovery of soil enzymatic function following invasive species removal is slow and dependent on pine legacies through the gradual changes in fungal and bacterial communities. The cascading effects of these changes suggest potential implications for the success of future plant establishment and restoration of co‐invaded ecosystems.
Artesunate alleviates psoriasis‐like dermatitis by reducing interleukin‐23 expression in tumor necrosis factor‐alpha‐induced HaCaT cells
Authors: Lin Lixian , Huang Zhongzhou , Jianchi Ma , Guo Zhixuan , Shi Zhenrui , Tang Zengqi , Guo Qing , Xiong Hui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractArtesunate (ART), an antimalarial drug with a multifunctional immunomodulatory effect, reduces psoriasis disease. ART can alleviate psoriasis‐like dermatitis in mice but has no effect on proinflammatory cytokines in the blood. Thus, we hypothesized that the skin might be the target tissue of ART during the treatment of psoriasis. The interleukin (IL)‐23/IL‐17 axis has a key role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. However, whether and how ART manipulates the IL‐23 signal during psoriasis is unknown. This study found that IL‐23 is highly expressed in the epidermis of psoriasis lesions and positively correlated with histological neutrophil infiltration and clinical psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) scores. Furthermore, ART inhibits the migration and cell cycle, as well as tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α)‐induced IL‐23 expression in HaCaT cells in a dose‐dependent manner, probably through interference with the nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) signalling pathway. Animal experiments in imiquimod (IMQ)‐induced psoriasis‐like mice model also suggested that ART dose‐dependently reduces IL‐23 in the epidermis and ameliorates neutrophil infiltration. These findings thus provide further molecular evidence supporting ART as a promising drug for psoriasis in clinic.
Nowcasting National GDP Growth Using Small Business Sales Growth
Authors: Guven Cahit 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study shows that the Xero Small Business Index (XSBI) sales growth data can be used to predict the same period's national nominal GDP growth, with high accuracy, in the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand. Findings show that XSBI sales growth can predict the same month's GDP growth around two weeks earlier than the official release in the United Kingdom. On the other hand, the three‐month average of the XSBI sales growth can predict the same quarter's GDP growth, six weeks earlier than the official release in New Zealand and five weeks earlier than the official release in Australia.
Does treating pain with alcohol affect drinking reduction among women with HIV enrolled in a clinical trial of naltrexone?
Authors: Parisi Christina E. , Gracy Hannah R. , Bush Nicholas J. , Cook Robert L. , Wang Yan , Chichetto Natalie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundMany women living with HIV (WLWH) experience pain. Alcohol use with the intent to treat pain could lead to hazardous drinking and difficulty in reducing drinking. Naltrexone acts on opioid receptors important for pain regulation and is an approved treatment for alcohol use disorder. In this secondary analysis of a randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled naltrexone clinical trial, the goals were to (1) compare alcohol reduction between women who drank to treat pain and those who did not and (2) examine differences in alcohol reduction by both drinking intention and treatment arm.MethodsWomen living with HIV (N = 194, mean age 48.3 years, 83% non‐Hispanic Black, 11% Hispanic) with hazardous drinking (>7 drinks/week) were randomized to receive daily treatment with naltrexone 50 mg or placebo for 4 months. Study visits occurred at baseline and 2, 4, and 7 months (posttreatment). The number of drinks/week was measured using the Timeline Follow Back. Use of alcohol to treat pain was self‐reported. Participants were categorized as using alcohol to treat pain or not and in the naltrexone or placebo group. Chi‐square, t‐test, MANOVA, and sequential mixed effects models were used to determine group differences in demographic factors, mean/drinks per week, and percent change in mean drinks/week at baseline and each follow‐up visit.ResultsThere was a consistent decrease in drinking throughout the study. There was not a significant difference in mean drinks/week at any point in the study between women who used alcohol to treat pain and those who did not. When considering treatment arm, at 2 months only those who did not use alcohol to treat pain in the naltrexone group had a significantly lower mean drinks/week than the other groups (p = 0.007); all groups had similar decreases in drinking from 4 months onward.ConclusionIn the naltrexone group, WLWH who drank to treat pain reduced their alcohol consumption more slowly than WLWH who did not drink to treat pain. Replication of these findings would suggest that alcohol treatment guidelines should address pain as a factor in drinking outcomes.
Alexithymia in Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia: Prevalence, clinical correlates, and relationship with neurocognition and empathy
Authors: Peng Pu , Wang Dongmei , Wang Qianjin , Zhou Yanan , Hao Yuzhu , Chen Shubao , Wu Qiuxia , Liu Tieqiao , Zhang Xiangyang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionAlexithymia is highly prevalent and strongly related to adverse consequences in patients with schizophrenia. However, its associated factors remain largely unexplored. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of alexithymia and its association with sociocultural characteristics, clinical symptoms, neurocognition, and empathy in 854 Chinese patients with schizophrenia.MethodDemographic information was collected through a self‐designed questionnaire. Alexithymia was assessed by the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS‐20). We assessed clinical symptoms, neurocognition, and empathy via the following instruments: Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status, and Interpersonal Reactivity Index. A multiple logistic regression model was conducted to determine the independent correlates of alexithymia.ResultsApproximately one‐third (n = 277, 32%) of patients with schizophrenia had alexithymia. Patients with alexithymia had significantly more severe negative symptoms, neurocognition, and empathy impairment than patients without alexithymia. Being male, negative symptoms, personal distress, empathic concern, and language functioning were independently associated with alexithymia.DiscussionOur findings demonstrate a high prevalence of alexithymia and its strong association with clinical symptoms, neurocognition, and empathy, which calls for timely screening and intervention for alexithymia in patients with schizophrenia. Targeting impaired language function, negative symptoms, and impaired affective empathy might help reduce alexithymia and its related negative consequences.
Functional Bayesian Networks for Discovering Causality from Multivariate Functional Data
Authors: Zhou Fangting , He Kejun , Wang Kunbo , Xu Yanxun , Ni Yang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Multivariate functional data arise in a wide range of applications. One fundamental task is to understand the causal relationships among these functional objects of interest. In this paper, we develop a novel Bayesian network (BN) model for multivariate functional data where conditional independencies and causal structure are encoded by a directed acyclic graph. Specifically, we allow the functional objects to deviate from Gaussian processes, which is the key to unique causal structure identification even when the functions are measured with noises. A fully Bayesian framework is designed to infer the functional BN model with natural uncertainty quantification through posterior summaries. Simulation studies and real data examples demonstrate the practical utility of the proposed model.
A double‐blind randomized within‐subject study to evaluate clinical applicability of four digital workflows for the fabrication of posterior single implant crown
Authors: Guo Danni , Mühlemann Sven , Pan Shaoxia , Zhou Yongsheng , Jung Ronald E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo compare efficiency and clinical efficacy of posterior single implant crowns (PSIC) fabricated using four digital workflows.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐two patients with one missing first molar were included. Each patient received four screw‐retained implant crowns fabricated through four different workflows including a fully digital workflow with immediate digital impression (Group i‐IOS), a fully digital workflow with digital impression after implant osseointegration (Group d‐IOS), a model‐based hybrid workflow using immediate analogue impression (Group i‐AI), and a model‐based hybrid workflow with conventional analogue impression after implant osseointegration (Group d‐AI). The crown delivery sequence was randomized and blinded. The efficiency for each workflow and clinical outcome of each crown were recorded.ResultsThe average clinical working time in fully digital workflows (i‐IOS 46.90 min, d‐IOS 45.66 min) was significantly lower than that in the hybrid workflows (i‐AI 54.59 min, d‐AI 55.96 min; p < .001). Significantly more laboratory time was spent in hybrid workflows (i‐AI 839.60 min, d‐AI 811.73 min) as compared to fully digital workflows (i‐IOS 606.25 min, d‐IOS 607.83 min, p < .01). No significant differences in the chairside time at delivery were found. More crowns in Group i‐AI (15%) needed additional laboratory interventions than in the other groups (p = .029).ConclusionDigital impression and model‐free fully digital workflow improved prosthetic efficiency in the fabrication of PSIC. With the limitation that the results were only applicable to the implant system used and the digital technologies applied, findings suggested that workflows integrating immediate impression with implant surgery procedure was clinically applicable for restoration of PSIC.
Dorothy Hodgkin lecture 2023: The enteroendocrine system—Sensors in your guts
Authors: Reimann Frank 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGlucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1)‐based medication is now widely employed in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Like other gut hormones, GLP‐1 is released from eneteroendocrine cells after a meal and in this review, based on the Dorothy Hodgkin lecture delivered during the annual meeting of Diabetes UK in 2023, I argue that there is sufficient spare capacity of GLP‐1 and other gut hormone expressing cells that could be recruited therapeutically. Years of research has revealed several receptors expressed in enteroendocrine cells that could be targeted to stimulate hormone release: although from this research it seems unlikely to find agents that selectively boost GLP‐1, release of a mixture of hormones might be the more desirable outcome anyway, given the recent promising results of new peptides combining GLP1‐receptor with other gut hormone receptor activation. Alternatively, the fact that GLP‐1 and peptideYY (PYY) expressing cells are found in greater density in the ileum might be exploited by increasing the delivery of chyme to the distal small intestine.
Consumption and time use responses to unemployment: Implications for the lifecycle model
Authors: Been Jim , Suari‐Andreu Eduard , Knoef Marike , Alessie Rob 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this study, we analyse the effects of unemployment on consumption and time use. To do so, we employ a micro panel dataset for the Netherlands containing a large set of expenditure and time use categories. Our results show a small negative effect of unemployment on expenditures, and large positive effects on time spent on home production and leisure activities. We do not find evidence for complementarity between leisure and consumption or for substitution between home production and expenditures. We use our results to estimate a ratio of relevant lifecycle parameters, and show that the point estimates and their precision depend strongly on the expenditure and time use categories considered.