bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mammals diversity in Indonesian oil palm plantation: identifying its functional role in the agroecosystem
Authors: Kwatrina R T , Marsandi F , Fahmi S , Rianti A , Sihombing V S , Putri M M 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The conventional profile of oil palm plantations that are not environmentally friendly, high-cost, and non-ecologically oriented, are not in line with sustainable development goals. There is a broad understanding of the role of mammalian species in the oil palm plantation landscape to create healthy oil palm plantations. To understand the functional role of these mammals, we identified various research over the last 10 years in Indonesia on mammals found in oil palm plantation landscapes through a systematic literature review approach. We use the Google Scholar search engine by entering search keywords and screening and analyzing the publications obtained. In the final stage, we analyze the possible use of mammals for production and ecological purposes. We found an increase in oil palm research in Indonesia over the last decade. Most of the research was conducted in large oil palm plantations, and the types of mammals found included large and small mammals, with the research focus on looking at the diversity and abundance of mammalian species, biodiversity loss and gain, as well as feeding guilds or tropic levels of mammalian species. The abundance of potential populations as pests is also a concern in several studies. Mammals in the context of contributing to production and ecology have a broad spectrum of roles, including various guild and tropic levels in the food chain, balancing ecosystems, pollinators, pest control, and other essential functions. We also focus on the gaps in research and management activities to achieve a healthy agroecosystem. The result can be served as a guide for future research priorities, conservation strategy, and management planning toward healthy oil plantations.
Bird diversity in the enrichment experiment plots of an oil palm plantation
Authors: Mulyani YA , Ikhsan TAN , Buchori D 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Agricultural habitat heterogeneity could promote the bird biodiversity. Up to six native tree species had been planted in different plot sizes by the EFForTS (Ecological and Socioeconomic Functions of Tropical lowland rain forest transformation Systems) Project in Jambi Province, i.e., Petai (Parkia speciosa), Jengkol (Archidendron pauciflorum), Durian (Durio zibethinus), Sungkai (Peronema canescens), Meranti (Shorea leprosula) and Jelutung (Dyera polyphylla). This study is aimed to investigate the effect of native tree enrichment to bird diversity in oil palm plantation. Data was collected from 27 July to 10 August 2022 in enrichment experiment sites. The enrichment plots surveyed were those of 20 m x 20 m (13 plots) and 40 mx 40 m (12 plots) sizes. Point counts with a radius of 50 m were used to survey from 6.00 to 10.00, and, when necessary, from 15.30 to 17.30. A total of 33 bird species of 20 families were observed during the study, but only 24 species of 13 families were observed within the point count radius. Bird diversity was slightly higher in the larger enrichment plots (H’= 2.649; E= 0.845) than in the smaller plots (H’= 2.291; E= 0.826). Seven feedingguilds based on major dietwere identified, with the majority (48.5%) are insectivorous species. Two carnivorous species were recorded outside the point count radius, i.e.,Changeable Hawk-Eagle (Nisaetus cirrhatus) and Barn Owl (Tyto alba).
Potential and diversity of bird species in various land covers in PT BSM, South Sumatera
Authors: Masyithoh G , Kwatrina RT 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Birds have an important role in the ecosystem, including as environmental indicators, natural pest controls, and tourist attractions. The existence of birds in a habitat type certainly plays an important role both ecologically and economically. Research that shows the ecological and economic potential of bird species in oil palm plantations is still not widely done. Therefore, research is needed to be able to show the potential and variation of bird species diversity in oil palm plantations. This research was conducted at PT Bina Sawit Makmur (PT BSM) on Desember 2019. The method used was a line transect that was carried out on five different land covers simultaneously. The results showed that a total of 28 species were found. High Conservation Value (HCV) land cover has the highest diversity, richness, and species similarity index values. The potential possessed by bird species in various types of land cover includes natural pest control, economic value animals, and environmental indicators.
The potential role of herpetofauna species diversity on palm oil agro-ecosystems: a case study in the plantation of PT BSM South Sumatra
Authors: Openg E B L 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The palm oil industry is one of the national strategic industries that must gradually apply the concept of green economy where the use of biodiversity (to reduce the use of chemicals in increasing land fertility and controlling pests/diseases) should be optimized in various aspects of management. Therefore, the potential for species diversity and the role of biodiversity in palm oil agro-ecosystems needs to be investigated, one of which is herpetofauna diversity. Data collection on the diversity of herpetofauna species was carried out simultaneously on seven types of land cover for PT BSM’s palm oil plantations using the Visual Encounter Survey (VES) method. The results showed that the number of herpetofauna species varied according to land cover type with a total of 26 species. The highest number of species and individuals was found in shrubs (12 species and 18 individuals). While the lowest number of species and individuals was found in smallholder palm oil plantations 1 (5 species and 9 individuals). Based on the list of herpetofauna species in the study area, nine of these species have potential roles for the oil palm agro-ecosystem. These roles as biological control (predators, parasitoids, pathogens) include Takydromus sexlineatus, Eutropis multifasciata, Chalcorana chalconota, Occydoziga sumtrana, Malayopython reticulatus, Bungarus candidus, and Naja sumatrana, as well as decomposition controllers, Varanus salvator. The Shrubs land cover has a complete composisition of the roles of herpetofauna, while in the others land cover, have one individuals that play a role in the oil palm agroecosystem.
The role of plant species diversity in maintaining ecological balance in oil palm plantation
Authors: Nahlunnisa H , Kwatrina R T 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The level of plant species diversity in oil palm plantations is thought to be decreasing in number. The existence of other plant species is considered to be a competitor for oil palm plants in obtaining water and plant nutrients. Thus, the diversity of plant species gets less attention because they are considered to have no role. We address this problem by analyzing the level of plant species diversity and the role of plant species diversity in maintaining the ecological balance in the plantation environment. This research was conducted on 4 types of landcover in TPR oil palm plantations (young growth, medium growth, old growth, HCV) and 2 smallholder oil palm plantations, by vegetation analysis with the single plot method. The results showed that the number of species on the research site was 49 species. The highest value of species richness and diversity was obtained in smallholder oil palm plantations (Dmg=3.11 and H′=2.18), while the highest evenness value was found in old growth (E=0.79). Based on the literature study, there were 23 species that have a direct ecological role in oil palm plantations. The ecological role of plants in oil palm plantations are as a ground cover for regulating soil moisture (4 species), producing litter for nutrient formation (5 species), fertilizing the soil and absorbing toxins (3 species), regulating water management and preventing erosion (3 species), increase soil carbon stocks and groundwater availability (2 species), animal feed (5 species), feed for wildlife (6 species), control pests and diseases (4 species), etc. The ecological role of this plant species will have a positive impact on oil palm plantations, especially in maintaining soil fertility, availability of groundwater, providing feed for animals, and also as biopesticides for oilpalm plants to avoid pests and diseases.
pH and temperatures optimation activity of crude chitinase of oil palm endophytic bacteria Bacillus cereus which have antagonistic properties on pathogenic fungi Ganoderma boninense
Authors: Mardiah I 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Endophytic bacteria is promised solution to suppress basal stem rot disease caused by fungus Ganoderma boninense. The antifungal activities of selected isolate endophytic bacteria from oil palm plantation in South Kalimantan was studied. Bacillus cereus was tested for its antifungal activities of crude chitinase and secondary metabolites against the growth of Ganoderma boninense mycelium with dual cultured method. The results were showed that chitinase had the largest inhibition zone (18.5%) against growth inhibition of fungi Ganoderma boninense’s mycelium. A series of optimation assays of chitinase activity were conducted at pH 3 to 8 with 0.5 interval, and temperature at 30 to 70°C, with 5°C interval. Specific chitinase activities was measured using the colorimetric method. The highest specific chitinase activity significantly at 1.66393±0.04807 mU/μg (95% confidence level) at pH 5.5 and temperature 45°C.
Endophytic microbe in stem tissue of oil palm colonized by Ganoderma sp.
Authors: Widiastuti H , Permatasari G W , Taniwiryono D 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Infection with Ganoderma sp. results in pseudoschlerotium, a distinctive feature of oil palm tissue trunks. The goal of this study was to study the microbial communities in Ganoderma sp. colonized oil palm trunk tissue. Endophytic bacteria are isolated from oil palm trunk tissue using selective media such as Ashby, Pikovskaya, King’s B, and a half-NA media to isolate N2 fixing bacteria, P solubilizing bacteria, Pseudomonas sp., and endophytic microbes, respectively. To prepare the sample, two methods were tested: 1) sterilizing the surface of the sample and then directly planting the stem tissue in a medium, and 2) sterilizing the surface of the tissue, crushing the tissue with a sterilizer mortar, and centrifuge for further seeding the supernatant in the selected medium. The first procedure was found to be effective in isolating N2-fixing bacteria from the top, middle, and bottom of the stem. We also recovered P solubilizing bacterium, which was yellow in colour and only located in the centre part of the stem, whereas the Pseudomonas sp. isolate was white in colour and found throughout the stem except at the bottom in the left side of the pseudosclerotium. We were able to isolate endophytic bacteria with a white hue using a half-NA medium. Method 2 did not succeed in isolating Azotobacter sp., but it can still isolate P solubilizing, Pseudomonas sp., and endophytic bacteria in all sections of the stem. The number of bacteria successfully isolated using the culture approach was low, particularly in the pseudosclerotium area. However, the larger quantity of Pseudomonas bacteria found in infected Ganoderma sp. tissue should be investigated further to establish the role of these bacteria, particularly in plant defence against Ganoderma sp.
Impact of chemical fertilizer on soil fertility of oil palm plantations in relation to productivity and environment
Authors: Azahari D H , Sukarman  
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Indonesia produces around 45 MT of CPO in 2020. It is predicted that the demand of world palm oil will remain. Most of the oil palm plantations are grown on acidic soils with low fertility levels, such as Peat soils, Podzolic soils, and Acid sulfate soils. The domestic demand of phosphate and Kalium fertilizer still fulfilled by importation. Production of oil palm had depend on this fertilizer. Various research results have found that fertilizing oil palm using chemical anorganic fertilizers, especially Urea, TSP, KCl and Kieserit, has produced fresh fruit bunches which are quite high and profitable. Fertilizing oil palm crops requires a very large cost of around 30% of production costs. Currently, non-subsidized chemical fertilizers are rocketing, which is very burdensome for oil palm farmers. Some research results indicate that the continuous use of chemical fertilizers in oil palm plants causes to the land degradation. The use of organic fertilizers can improve sour and less fertile land, can increase the weight and number of oil palm fruit bunches. This paper aims to examine the impact of the use of chemical fertilizers on oil palm fruit production, as well as provide alternative organic fertilizers which sources are mostly around plantations.
Maxent model application for conflict mitigation of Bornean Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) in oil palm plantation
Authors: Risdiyanto I , Santosa Y , Santoso N , Sunkar A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) is a flagship species and is protected by the Government of Indonesia and the global community. Orangutan habitat is in a tropical rainforest ecosystem. Orangutan exists in conservation area and development area (outside conservation). Development activities, such as oil palm plantations, cause fragmentation of orangutan habitat and triggers conflicts with humans. This study aims to map the suitability class of orangutan habitat and areas with potential conflicts around oil palm plantations and determine mitigation measures. The study site is located in Ketapang, West Kalimantan, Indonesia, consisting of forested areas and areas for development. This study uses the Maximum Entrophy (MaxEnt) model, which can simulate the probability of orangutans’ presence based on influencing environmental variables. Primary data is from 2019 – 2020 survey, and secondary data is collected from various sources. The study area is divided into three classes of orangutan habitat suitability: high, medium, and low. The dominant environmental variables in determining suitability classes are land use and land cover. The high and medium habitat suitability classes are mostly located in forested areas. The suitable habitat for orangutans in the study area is fragmented by community cultivation areas and oil palm plantations. Oil palm plantations are the variable with the highest contribution to the mapping of potential conflict vulnerabilities. The mitigation zone in the study area is divided into four zones. Zones 1, 2, and 3 can be linked by developing an orangutan corridor to connect with the nearby orangutan habitat in Gunung Palung National Park. Zone-1 is a Gunung Tarak Protected Forest, a buffer forest area for the Gunung Palung National Park. Zone-1 is the core orangutan conservation zone in the study area. This study suggests that oil palm companies in zones 1, 2, and 3 prioritize mitigation measures with passive preventive actions, while those in zone 4 can take active preventive mitigation actions.
Comparison of species diversity of mammals and herpetofauna between burnt and unburnt land after one year of fire in RAJ Oil Palm Estate, South Sumatera
Authors: Masy’ud B , Ginoga L N , Aulia N , Gusnadi F D 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Frequent fires are common in Indonesia, particularly within oil palm plantations, and are believed to negatively affect the diversity of native plants and animals. In 2018, the RAJ oil palm plantation in South Sumatra experienced a fire incident. This study aimed to assess the contrasting diversity of mammal and herpetofauna species and the impact of fire on species abundance over one year. Data were collected in burnt and unburnt areas with two land cover types, grass and gelam. Transect strips, 1 km long and 50 m wide, were established in each land cover for mammal observations, while the Visual Encounter Survey (VES) method was used for herpetofauna. Data were collected during active animal hours: 06:00-08:00 and 16:00-18:00 for mammals, and 19:00-21:00 for herpetofauna, with three observation rounds each. The analysis included number of eah species, species richness and evenness indices, community similarity index, and percentage of species loss and gain. Results revealed 5 mammal and 5 herpetofauna species in both land cover types. Species Diversity (H′) and Richness (Dmg) Indices differed for each animal group. Generally, H′ and Dmg were higher in burnt areas for mammals, while for herpetofauna, values were greater in unburnt land. Mammal species loss was lower than in burnt areas, with 20% loss and 60% gain in grassland, and 33% loss and gain in gelam land. Herpetofauna loss and gain percentages were similar in unburnt and burnt lands, at 20% for grassland and 33% for gelam land.
Alternative atrial pacing site to improve cardiac function: focus on Bachmann’s bundle pacing
Authors: Cronin Edmond M , Vedage Natasha , Israel Carsten W 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Pacing from the right atrial appendage (RAA) prolongs the P wave duration and can induce interatrial and especially left-sided atrio-ventricular dyssynchrony. Pacing from Bachmann’s bundle closely reproduces normal physiology and has the potential to avoid the electromechanical dysfunction associated with conventional RAA pacing. Interatrial conduction delay is associated with an increased risk of stroke, heart failure, and death. In addition to a reduction in atrial fibrillation, Bachmann’s bundle pacing has emerging applications as a hemodynamic pacing modality. This review outlines the pathophysiology of atrial conduction disturbances and their potential remedies and provides the reader with a practical guide to implementing Bachmann’s bundle pacing with an emphasis on the recapitulation of normal electrical and mechanical function.
A consistent methodology for forensic photogrammetry scanning of human remains using a single handheld DSLR camera
Authors: Ujvári Zsolt , Metzger Máté , Gárdonyi Gergely 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Due to increasingly capable algorithms and more available processing power, photogrammetry is becoming a simple, cheap, and accurate alternative to 3D optical surface scanning. With adequate application, it can be a swift documentation technique for reconstructing the geometry and body surface of deceased persons in autopsies or other forensic medical examinations. Sufficiently easy and swift 3D documentation techniques may allow 3D imaging technologies to become part of the daily routine of any forensic medical examiner or other medical personnel. This paper presents a consistent and systematic photographing methodology (as an alternative to automated or intuitive methods) for photogrammetry scanning of human remains. Although it requires manual photography, the methods presented in this paper offer a swift and easy way to capture an accurate 3D model of human remains under almost any conditions. Four different photographing procedures were tested on four subjects: (i) a systematic circular technique with 100 photos, (ii) a systematic circular technique with 50 photos, (iii) a technique loosely mimicking cameras mounted on a postmortem CT device with 98 photos, and (iv) a technique mimicking cameras mounted on a postmortem CT device with 49 photos. Measurement accuracy was tested with the aid of six adhesive control points placed at approximately the same locations on each subject. Five different distances defined by these control points were measured and compared to the measurements taken by hand. 3D photogrammetry meshes created using these techniques were also compared with point clouds acquired using a 3D laser scanner. We found that a carefully composed, tested, and systematic photographing procedure significantly improved the quality of the photogrammetry models. In terms of relative difference compared to the hand measurements, both Techniques 1 and 2 produced close results, with an average relative difference of 0.160% and 0.197% and a maximum relative difference of 0.481% and 0.481%, respectively, while models reconstructed from images taken using Techniques 3 and 4 seemed to be much less accurate, with an average relative difference of 0.398% and 0.391% and a maximum relative difference as high as 1.233% and 1.139%, respectively. This study highlights the importance of a scientifically tested methodology for obtaining high-quality 3D models in forensic applications.

Key points
Barriers to Transportation in Rural Communities: Perspective of Older Adult Users
Authors: Yu Jie , Liu Yue 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Rural older adults who require transportation assistance face more challenges than their urban counterparts. By focusing on a historically underserved population, this study examined specific barriers from the perspective of older adult users and explored potential policy and technology solutions.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted throughout rural Wisconsin to identify specific barriers to transportation, uncover personal factors associated with identified barriers, and measure causal relationships between identified barriers and travel satisfaction.

Results
A total of 580 older adult respondents from 92% of rural counties across the state provided clear answers regarding specific transportation barriers. Of these, 67.6% identified at least one barrier, but only 12.8% had stopped using transportation due to any identified barriers. Top barriers to accessing transportation included service hours, service areas, trip destinations, getting in/out of service vehicles, service reservations, and operational scheduling. Although specific barriers were associated with different sociodemographics, trip purposes, and frequency of transportation usage, logistic regression findings suggested that concerns about service hours, service areas, and service reservation were the only 3 major determinants driving rural older adults’ attitudes toward transportation usage.

Discussion
Rural older adults relying on transportation assistance have demonstrated diverse needs and constraints. Rural transportation could provide better support by extending service availability in terms of hours, areas, and destinations, improving door-to-door accessibility by providing “arm through arm” services, enhancing service responsiveness and reliability via age-friendly technology solutions, and implementing a sliding scale subsidy program that takes income level and trip frequency into account.
Social media users’ perceptions about health mis- and disinformation on social media
Authors: Stimpson Jim P , Ortega Alexander N 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study used recently released nationally representative data with new measures on health information seeking to estimate the prevalence and predictors of adult social media users’ perceptions of health mis- and disinformation on social media. Most adults who use social media perceive some (46%) or a lot (36%) of false or misleading health information on social media, but nearly one-fifth reported either none or a little (18%). More than two-thirds of participants reported that they were unable to assess social media information as true or false (67%). Our study identified certain population groups that might be a focus of future intervention work, such as participants who use social media to make decisions. The perception by social media users that false and misleading health information on social media is highly prevalent may lend greater urgency to mitigate the spread of false or misleading health information that harms public health.