bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of the polynomial restoring force of a one DoF bistable Duffing oscillator by linear regression
Authors: Wulff Paul , Lentz Lukas , von Wagner Utz 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA large class of energy-harvesting systems includes a bistable magnetoelastic oscillator. Due to the high complexity of the inherent magnetic field forces, those systems are commonly represented as a combination of physical and phenomenological, low-dimensional models. Therein occurring three free parameters of dissipation and restoring force are determined by the decay rate as well as constraints for the position of the equilibria and the frequency of small amplitude oscillations. As will be shown in this paper, one major disadvantage of this procedure is that high amplitude oscillations, which are most relevant in context of energy harvesting, yield the poorest consistency with experimental observations. To overcome the problem, a regression-based nonlinear system identification is performed using system responses under harmonic excitation. Models with cubic as well as quintic restoring forces are identified and compared with the experimental observations as well as a model that was built with the commonly used identification procedure. As a result, it is found that both models from the regression show a higher agreement with the experimental data. Furthermore, the quintic model is found to be more accurate than the cubic model. This shows the necessity to be able to include more than three free parameters in the model. The advantage of the applied procedure lies in the raised flexibility of model adaptation resulting in improved agreement of simulation and experimental results.
Critical velocities of a two-layer composite tube under a moving internal pressure
Authors: Gao X.-L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCritical velocities of a two-layer composite tube under a uniform internal pressure moving at a constant velocity are analytically determined. The formulation is based on a Love–Kirchhoff thin shell theory that incorporates the rotary inertia and material anisotropy. The composite tube consists of two perfectly bonded axisymmetric circular cylindrical layers of dissimilar materials, which can be orthotropic, transversely isotropic, cubic or isotropic. Closed-form expressions for the critical velocities and radial displacement of the two-layer composite tube are first derived for the general case by including the effects of material anisotropy, rotary inertia and radial stress. The formulas for composite tubes without the rotary inertia effect and/or the radial stress effect and with various types of material symmetry for each layer are then obtained as special cases. In addition, it is shown that the model for single-layer, homogeneous tubes can be recovered from the current model as a special case. To illustrate the new model, a composite tube with an isotropic inner layer and an orthotropic outer layer is analyzed as an example. All four critical velocities of the composite tube are calculated using the newly derived closed-form formulas. Six values of the lowest critical velocity of the two-layer composite tube are computed using three sets of the new formulas, which compare fairly well with existing results.
Effects of methylphenidate and physiotherapeutic treatment on graphomotor movements in children with ADHD
Authors: Rothe Josefine , Kattlun Fabian A. , Kaufmann Jeanne , Uhlmann Anne , Wanderer Sina , Bluschke Annet , Beste Christian , Roessner Veit 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn addition to the core symptoms defining ADHD, affected children often experience motor problems; in particular, graphomotor movements including handwriting are affected. However, in clinical settings, there is little emphasis on standardized and objective diagnosing and treatment of those difficulties. The present study investigated for the first time the effects of methylphenidate as well as physiotherapeutic treatment on objectively assessed graphomotor movements compared to a control condition, i.e. parental psychoeducation, in 58 children (mean age: 9.52 ± 1.91 years) newly diagnosed with ADHD in an outpatient clinic for child and adolescent psychiatry. Families were invited to join one of the treatment groups. Before and after 8 weeks of treatment, children performed six different tasks on a digitizing tablet which allowed the objective analysis of three important kinematic parameters of graphomotor movements (fluency, velocity, and pen pressure) in different levels of visual control and automation. Graphomotor movement fluency and velocity improves over time across the groups, especially in tasks with eyes closed. We did not find clear evidence for beneficial effects of methylphenidate or physiotherapeutic treatment on children’s overall graphomotor movements suggesting that treatments need to be better tailored towards specific and individual deficits in graphomotor movements.
Emulative learning of a two-step task in free-ranging domestic pigs
Authors: Veit Ariane , Weißhaupt Stefanie , Bruat Arnaud , Wondrak Marianne , Huber Ludwig 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPrevious research showed that young domestic pigs learn through observation of conspecifics by using social learning mechanisms like social facilitation, enhancement effects, and even object movement re-enactment. The latter suggests some form of emulative learning in which the observer learns about the object’s movements and affordances. As it remains unclear whether pigs need a social agent to learn about objects, we provided 36 free-ranging domestic pigs with varying degrees of social to non-social demonstrations on how to solve a two-step manipulative foraging task: observers watched either a conspecific or a human demonstrator, or self-moving objects ("ghost control"), or a ghost control accompanied by an inactive conspecific bystander. In addition, 22 subjects that were previously tested without any demonstrator were used as a non-observer control. To solve the task, the subjects had to first remove a plug from its recess to then be able to slide a cover to the side, which would lay open a food compartment. Observers interacted longer with the relevant objects (plugs) and were more successful in solving the task compared to non-observers. We found no differences with regard to success between the four observer groups, indicating that the pigs mainly learned about the apparatus rather than about the actions. As the only common feature of the different demonstrations was the movement of the plug and the cover, we conclude the observer pigs learned primarily by emulation, suggesting that social agents are not necessary for pigs when learning through observation.
Repeated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: induction of high-avidity anti-RBD neutralizing antibodies
Authors: Caruso Teresita , Salani Francesca , Catanese Silvia , Pratesi Federico , Mercinelli Chiara , Motta Giuseppe , Genovesi Virginia , Bonato Adele , Sara Galimberti , Masi Gianluca , Migliorini Paola 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Cancer patients are more vulnerable to COVID-19 and are thus given high priority in vaccination campaigns. In solid cancer patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors, we evaluated the amount of anti-RBD and neutralizing antibodies and antibody avidity after two or three doses of the vaccine.

Methods
Thirty-eight solid cancer patients, 15 untreated hematological patients and 21 healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. Blood was collected before the first dose (T0), 21 days after the second (T2) and in 18 solid cancer patients also 15 days after the third dose of vaccine (T3). IgG, IgM and IgA anti-RBD antibodies were detected by ELISA. Neutralizing antibodies were measured testing the inhibition of RBD binding to ACE2. Antibody avidity was evaluated in 18 patients by a urea avidity ELISA.

Results
IgG anti-RBD antibodies were produced in 65.8% of the cancer patients at T2, and in 60% of hematological patients at levels lower than healthy controls. IgM and IgA anti-RBD antibodies were also produced in 5.3% and 21% cancer patients, respectively. At T3, a significant increase in anti-RBD IgG levels was observed. Neutralizing antibodies were produced in 68.4% of cancer patients as compared with 93% of untreated hematological patients and 100% of controls, at titers lower than in healthy subjects. At T3, neutralizing antibodies and avidity of IgG anti-RBD increased; 6/18 patients negative at T2 developed neutralizing antibodies at T3.

Conclusion
The data indicate that in cancer patients mRNA vaccine induces high avidity anti-RBD antibodies and neutralizing antibodies that increase after the third dose. The process of induction and selection of high-affinity antibodies is apparently unaffected by the treatment with anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 antibodies.
Leaving windthrown stands unsalvaged as a management practice for facilitating late-successional carabid assemblages
Authors: Skłodowski Jarosław 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe usual practice following a windthrow event is salvage logging of all damaged trees. This study was carried out in a pine stand affected by storms with varying disturbance severities in which no salvage logging was performed. Epigeic carabids (Coleoptera) were the test taxon. How does windthrow severity and disturbance legacies affect the abundance, richness and life traits of carabid assemblages? Two hypotheses were formulated: (1) the more severe the disturbance, the higher the abundance and species richness, and the lower the proportion of late-successional fauna in carabid assemblages, and (2) pine tree crowns lying on the ground support a higher proportion of late-successional carabid species, the effect of which should be more pronounced in more severely disturbed stands but will decrease as needles fall off over the next 3 years. To test the first hypothesis, 3 degrees of stand disturbance were distinguished. Both hypotheses were partially supported. Simultaneously, it was demonstrated that the importance of the leaf area index for carabids decreased over the 3 years, while the significance of the soil respiration rate and soil humidity increased. During the 3 years, the percentage of carabid forest species living under the fallen tree crowns remained at the same level. The findings indicate that there is a rationale for leaving fallen trees in place together with their crowns, while in tree stands where salvage logging is performed, whole crowns should be left cut-off from trunks to provide shelter for forest species.
Australian School Staff and Allied Health Professional Perspectives of Mental Health Literacy in Schools: a Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Marinucci Alexandra , Grové Christine , Allen Kelly-Ann 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSchools are an ideal setting to base mental health literacy programs as the learning environment is already established. Mental health literacy represents how to obtain and maintain good mental health and should be incorporated into the school curriculum. Collaboration with key stakeholders in youth mental health, such as school staff and allied health professionals, is critical in ensuring needs are addressed, and programs are sustainable. This study aimed to understand the perspectives of school staff and allied health professionals towards mental health literacy within Australian schools. An exploratory qualitative and quantitative survey was completed by 88 participants across Australia. Results indicated that school staff feel less competent to deliver mental health literacy content and perceive their training did not address mental health education compared to allied health professionals. Most mental health programs reported to be implemented within schools were social and emotional learning programs. School staff viewed mental health programs to strengthen academic performance less than allied health professionals. Thematic analysis of qualitative data identified that participants viewed mental health knowledge, where and how to seek help, and coping skills as vital content to cover in a school-based mental health literacy program. This study reveals that school staff need sufficient training and resources to address youth mental health literacy. Though mental health literacy is lacking in the Australian school system, the perspectives of school staff and allied health professionals in this study provide key ideas and considerations for the future development of school-based mental health literacy programs for youth.
Why Do Employers (Fail to) Hire People with Disabilities? A Systematic Review of Capabilities, Opportunities and Motivations
Authors: Nagtegaal Rosanna , de Boer Noortje , van Berkel Rik , Derks Belle , Tummers Lars 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To increase the number of people with disabilities in employment, we need to understand what influences employers’ hiring decisions. In this systematic review, we map out factors affecting employers’ hiring decisions about people with disabilities.

Methods
This study is a systematic review that applies the COM-B model to identify factors that contribute to employers (not) hiring people with disabilities. The COM-B model proposes that employers will perform hiring behavior (B) if they have the capability (C), opportunity (O) and motivation (M) to do so. We also investigate if factors have a negative, positive or no effect. We report in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines.

Results
In a review of 47 studies, we find 32 factors. Most of these factors are barriers. The most frequently mentioned barriers are employers’ (1) expectations that people with disabilities are unproductive, (2) expectations that people with disabilities cost a lot of money, and employers’ (3) lack of knowledge about disabilities. The most researched facilitators for employers to hire people with disabilities include (1) the motivation to help others, (2) working in a large organization, and (3) expecting a competitive advantage. The effect of factors can differ depending on contextual circumstances, including the type of organization, the type of disability and different policies.

Conclusions
We conclude that hiring decisions are influenced by an array of different barriers and facilitators. The effect of these factors can differ across organizations and disability types. Our study of factors affecting hiring can be used by scholars, policy makers, and organizations to create interventions to increase the hiring of people with disabilities.
Grounding the Vector Space of an Octopus: Word Meaning from Raw Text
Authors: Søgaard Anders 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMost, if not all, philosophers agree that computers cannot learn what words refers to from raw text alone. While many attacked Searle’s Chinese Room thought experiment, no one seemed to question this most basic assumption. For how can computers learn something that is not in the data? Emily Bender and Alexander Koller (2020) recently presented a related thought experiment—the so-called Octopus thought experiment, which replaces the rule-based interlocutor of Searle’s thought experiment with a neural language model. The Octopus thought experiment was awarded a best paper prize and was widely debated in the AI community. Again, however, even its fiercest opponents accepted the premise that what a word refers to cannot be induced in the absence of direct supervision. I will argue that what a word refers to is probably learnable from raw text alone. Here’s why: higher-order concept co-occurrence statistics are stable across languages and across modalities, because language use (universally) reflects the world we live in (which is relatively stable). Such statistics are sufficient to establish what words refer to. My conjecture is supported by a literature survey, a thought experiment, and an actual experiment.
New quantum codes from CSS codes
Authors: Grassl Markus 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe present a new propagation rule for CSS codes. Starting with a CSS code $$[\![n,k,d]\!]_q$$

[

[
n
,
k
,
d
]

]

q

, we construct a CSS code with parameters $$[\![n-2,k,d-1]\!]_q$$

[

[
n
-
2
,
k
,
d
-
1
]

]

q

. In general, one would only obtain a code with parameters $$[\![n-2,k,d-2]\!]_q$$

[

[
n
-
2
,
k
,
d
-
2
]

]

q

. The construction applies to asymmetric quantum codes from the CSS construction as well.
Parallel border tracking in binary images for multicore computers
Authors: Garcia-Molla Victor M. , Alonso-Jordá Pedro 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBorder tracking in binary images is an important operation in many computer vision applications. The problem consists in finding borders in a 2D binary image (where all of the pixels are either 0 or 1). There are several algorithms available for this problem, but most of them are sequential. In a former paper, a parallel border tracking algorithm was proposed. This algorithm was designed to run in Graphics Processing units, and it was based on the sequential algorithm known as the Suzuki algorithm. In this paper, we adapt the previously proposed GPU algorithm so that it can be executed in multicore computers. The resulting algorithm is evaluated against its GPU counterpart. The results show that the performance of the GPU algorithm worsens (or even fails) for very large images or images with many borders. On the other hand, the proposed multicore algorithm can efficiently cope with large images.
Impacts of autochthonous particulate organic matter on redox-conditions and elimination of trace organic chemicals in managed aquifer recharge
Authors: Filter Josefine , Ermisch Till , Ruhl Aki Sebastian , Jekel Martin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAutochthonous carbon fixation by algae and subsequent deposition of particulate organic matter can have significant effects on redox conditions and elimination of trace organic chemicals (TOrCs) in managed aquifer recharge (MAR). This study investigated the impacts of different algae loadings (0–160 g/m2) and infiltration rates (0.06–0.37 m/d) on overall oxygen consumption and elimination of selected TOrCs (diclofenac, formylaminoantipyrine, gabapentin, and sulfamethoxazole) in adapted laboratory sand columns. An infiltration rate of 0.37 m/d in conjunction with an algae load of 80 g/m2 (dry weight) sustained oxic conditions in the sand bed and did not affect the degradation of TOrCs. Thus, the availability of easily degradable organic carbon from algae did not influence the removal of TOrCs at an influent concentration of 1 µg/L. In contrast, a lower infiltration rate of 0.20 m/d in combination with a higher algae loading of 160 g/m2 caused anoxic conditions for 30 days and significantly impeded the degradation of formylaminoantipyrine, gabapentin, sulfamethoxazole, and diclofenac. Especially the elimination of gabapentin did not fully recover within 130 days after pulsed algae deposition. Hence, measures like micro-sieving or nutrient control are required at bank filtration or soil aquifer treatment sites with low infiltration rates.
Effects of powered ankle–foot orthoses mass distribution on lower limb muscle forces—a simulation study
Authors: Marconi Grace , Gopalai Alpha Agape , Chauhan Sunita 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis simulation study aimed to explore the effects of mass and mass distribution of powered ankle–foot orthoses, on net joint moments and individual muscle forces throughout the lower limb. Using OpenSim inverse kinematics, dynamics, and static optimization tools, the gait cycles of ten subjects were analyzed. The biomechanical models of these subjects were appended with ideal powered ankle–foot orthoses of different masses and actuator positions, as to determine the effect that these design factors had on the subject’s kinetics during normal walking. It was found that when the mass of the device was distributed more distally and posteriorly on the leg, both the net joint moments and overall lower limb muscle forces were more negatively impacted. However, individual muscle forces were found to have varying results which were attributed to the flow-on effect of the orthosis, the antagonistic pairing of muscles, and how the activity of individual muscles affect each other. It was found that mass and mass distribution of powered ankle–foot orthoses could be optimized as to more accurately mimic natural kinetics, reducing net joint moments and overall muscle forces of the lower limb, and must consider individual muscles as to reduce potentially detrimental muscle fatigue or muscular disuse.
Graphical Abstract
OpenSim modelling method to explore the effect of mass and mass distribution on muscle forces and joint moments, showing potential mass positioning and the effects of these positions, mass, and actuation on the muscle force integral.
Impact of ground source heat pumps on house sales prices in Finland
Authors: Vimpari Jussi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Buildings contribute to approximately 28% of global energy-related emissions. Heat pumps are a key technology for decarbonising the heating emissions of buildings. This study focuses on ground source heat pumps (GSHP), which are increasingly used in colder regions. Since, for an average home, the capital expenditure of GSHP can be an order of magnitude higher than that of traditional heating, it is important to understand whether GSHP has an impact on house transaction prices. A hedonic price model was constructed to estimate the sales prices of detached houses, where heating type is the main variable of interest. The hedonic analysis revealed that for detached houses, GSHP had a statistically significant positive impact of 5.33% on house sales prices. Further analysis puts the premium in the context of housing prices in different locations in Finland. An average house in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area (HMA) could cover the required capital expenditure of a GSHP system with the sales price premium, whereas in other areas in Finland, 5 years of energy savings are required on top of the premium. Hence, in locations with lower housing prices, the house must be owned for a longer period to recoup the investment costs. This is important to understand when national energy aid policies are planned to accelerate investments in heat pumps.
Assessing strategies to mitigate the impacts of a pandemic in apparel supply chains
Authors: Chowdhury Naimur Rahman , Janan Farhatul , Mahmud Priom , Liza Sharmine Akther , Paul Sanjoy Kumar 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has taught global businesses that a pandemic can put business dynamics in unforeseeable turbulence. The disruptions created by the pandemic in the apparel industry exposed the vulnerabilities of apparel supply chains (SCs). To recover the supply chain impacts (SCIs) during an unprecedented event such as the COVID-19 pandemic, apparel SCs need a robust framework that can identify, measure, and mitigate the severity of SCIs by assessing effective mitigation strategies. This study identifies 12 critical SCIs in apparel SCs during a pandemic and 17 mitigation strategies. To assess SCIs and mitigation strategies, a modified grey-based bi-level analytical network process (ANP) is proposed to deal with the complex relationship between the SCIs and mitigation strategies. A real-life case study is conducted from an apparel supply chain for validation purposes. The findings suggest that policymakers in apparel SCs should prioritize implementing government policies and financial aid to deal with increased material and operational costs, the sudden surge in the unemployment rate, cancellation of orders and delayed payment, and increased transportation costs during a pandemic. This study also contributes to the literature by providing a robust decision-making framework for practitioners to deal with the complexity of SCs during future pandemics.