bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergency short stay area improves access and flow in a rural hospital
Authors: Smith Anne B , Davis Kimberley J 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesShoalhaven District Memorial Hospital is a rural (MM3) 150‐bed hospital in Nowra, New South Wales, whose ED has evolved to a FACEM‐led model of care (MOC). It has never had an emergency short stay area (ESSA). The objective of the present study was to pilot an ESSA and determine whether this MOC would increase the operational performance of the ED.MethodsAn ESSA was designed and delivered by emergency medicine medical, nursing and allied health practitioners. The study period was July–December 2021, with a seasonally matched retrospective cohort of records extracted for comparison (July–December 2020). Both took place within the context of the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic. The primary outcome measured was percentage of admitted patients meeting Emergency Treatment Performance (ETP). Secondary outcomes included discharge ETP, overall ED and inpatient length of stay (LOS), mortality and representation rates.ResultsThe admission ETP for patients after the implementation of the ESSA significantly increased, from 13.9% to 31.6% (χ2 = 288, P < 0.001). Discharge ETP significantly declined. There was no effect improvement on overall ETP. There was no change to mortality or representation rates. Average admission LOS decreased.ConclusionsThe introduction of the ESSA significantly improved the ETP of admitted patients. Ongoing refinement of the ESSA admission processes, as well as the lifting of certain COVID‐19 restrictions, could show even greater improvements in this and other areas. Ongoing research in this field is necessary, as well as a more detailed cost–benefit analysis.
iPhenology: Using open‐access citizen science photos to track phenology at continental scale
Authors: Klinger Yves P. , Eckstein R. Lutz , Kleinebecker Till 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Photo observations are a highly valuable but rarely used source of citizen science (CS) data. Recently, the number of publicly available photo observations has increased strongly, for example, due to the use of smartphone applications for species identification. This has enabled the raising of ecological insights in poorly studied subjects. One of the fields with the highest potential to benefit from the use of photo observations is phenology.

We propose a workflow for iPhenology, the use of publicly available photo observations to track phenological events at large scales. The workflow comprises data acquisition, cleaning of observations, phenological classification and modelling spatiotemporal patterns of phenology. We explore the suitability of iPhenology to observe key phenological stages in the plant reproductive cycle of a model species and discuss limitations and future prospects of the approach using the example of an invasive species in Europe.

We show that iPhenology is suitable to track key phenological events of widespread species. However, the number and quality of available observations may differ among species and phenological stages.

Overall, publicly available CS photo observations are suitable to track key phenological events and can thus significantly advance the knowledge on the timing and drivers of plant phenology. In future, integrating the workflow with automated image processing and analysis may enable real‐time tracking of plant phenology.
An update on recent developments and highlights in food allergy
Authors: Locke Arielle , Hung Lisa , Upton Julia E. M. , O'Mahony Liam , Hoang Jennifer , Eiwegger Thomas 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhile both the incidence and general awareness of food allergies is increasing, the variety and clinical availability of therapeutics remain limited. Therefore, investigations into the potential factors contributing to the development of food allergy (FA) and the mechanisms of natural tolerance or induced desensitization are required. In addition, a detailed understanding of the pathophysiology of food allergies is needed to generate compelling, enduring, and safe treatment options. New findings regarding the contribution of barrier function, the effect of emollient interventions, mechanisms of allergen recognition, and the contributions of specific immune cell subsets through rodent models and human clinical studies provide novel insights. With the first approved treatment for peanut allergy, the clinical management of FA is evolving toward less intensive, alternative approaches involving fixed doses, lower maintenance dose targets, coadministration of biologicals, adjuvants, and tolerance‐inducing formulations. The ultimate goal is to improve immunotherapy and develop precision‐based medicine via risk phenotyping allowing optimal treatment for each food‐allergic patient.
The association between uterine adenomyosis and adverse obstetric outcomes: A propensity score‐matched analysis
Authors: Mandelbaum Rachel S. , Melville Samuel J. F. , Violette Caroline J. , Guner Joie Z. , Doody Kaitlin A. , Matsuzaki Shinya , Quinn Molly M. , Ouzounian Joseph G. , Paulson Richard J. , Matsuo Koji 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionThis study examined obstetric outcomes in patients diagnosed with uterine adenomyosis.Material and methodsThis historical cohort study queried the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's National Inpatient Sample. The study population was all hospital deliveries in women aged 15–54 years between January 2016 and December 2019. The exposure was a diagnosis of uterine adenomyosis. The main outcome measures were obstetric characteristics, including placenta previa, placenta accreta spectrum, and placental abruption. Secondary outcomes were delivery complications including severe maternal morbidity. Analytic steps to assess these outcomes included (i) a 1‐to‐N propensity score matching to mitigate and balance prepregnancy confounders to assess obstetric characteristics, followed by (ii) an adjusting model with preselected pregnancy and delivery factors to assess maternal morbidity. Sensitivity analyses were also performed with restricted cohorts to account for prior uterine scar, uterine myoma, and extra‐uterine endometriosis.ResultsAfter propensity score matching, 5430 patients with adenomyosis were compared to 21 720 patients without adenomyosis. Adenomyosis was associated with an increased odds of placenta accreta spectrum (adjusted‐odds ratio [aOR] 3.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.01–4.70), placenta abruption (aOR 3.21, 95% CI: 2.60–3.98), and placenta previa (aOR 5.08, 95% CI: 4.25–6.06). Delivery at <32 weeks of gestation (aOR 1.48, 95% CI: 1.24–1.77) and cesarean delivery (aOR 7.72, 95% CI: 7.04–8.47) were both increased in women with adenomyosis. Patients in the adenomyosis group were more likely to experience severe maternal morbidity at delivery compared to those in the nonadenomyosis group (aOR 1.86, 95% CI: 1.59–2.16). Results remained robust in the aforementioned several sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsThis national‐level analysis suggests that a diagnosis of uterine adenomyosis is associated with an increased risk of placental pathology (placenta accreta spectrum, placenta abruption, and placental previa) and adverse maternal outcomes at delivery.
Homeless youth‐led activism and direct action: Lessons from a participatory research project in Tio'tia:ke/Montréal
Authors: Malenfant Jayne , Watchorn Mickey , Nichols Naomi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article explores the involvement of youth with lived experience (LE) in activism and research aimed at addressing youth homelessness in Canada. Based within a youth‐participatory action research project in Tio'tiá:ke/Montréal, Canada, we reflect on how young people described their own activist organising, as well as the practical ways we may harness actions that homelessness youth are already doing to create communities and solidarity. The authors are members of Youth Action Research Revolution (YARR), a research team primarily made up of youth with LE of homelessness. We position the analysis at an intersection of our own experiences and 63 interviews with youth aged 16–29 conducted by YARR from 2018 to 2021. Conceiving of participatory, youth‐led research as a form of direct action we outline lessons learned from our own research and LE. Young people within our team and participants in YARR's research shared critiques of State systems while outlining the work that they undertook with their peers to act on issues of housing precarity, often eschewing activism aimed at State processes or institutional reform in favour of direct action. This article proposes a mode of fostering youth‐led, socially just change around homelessness—one that shifts conversations from inclusion to solidarity, and recognises the radical potential of research by‐and‐for young people. The authors conclude that research and advocacy on homelessness is always inherently political for young people with LE, and that harnessing the direct action that youth already do to survive is not only a socially just form of mobilising, but can contribute to broader activism towards housing justice.
Does the early childhood education and care in India contribute to children's skill development?
Authors: Ghosh Saikat 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEarly childhood education and care (ECEC) is a crucial intervention because of its long‐term impact on child development. However, information concerning the effectiveness of the ECEC in developing countries like India is sparsely available. This empirical study drew upon primary data collected from India's eastern state, West Bengal and investigated whether attending preschool contributed to children's cognitive and social skill development. The study found that attending preschool did not provide dividends in the form of cognitive and social skill accumulation. Furthermore, attending private preschool was associated with socioemotional development but no cognitive development. Moreover, parents' education seems to be a strong predictor for child's development. Given the findings of this paper, preschools in India, both in the public and private sectors, would need considerable quality improvement to deliver developmentally appropriate ECEC to children. It is particularly relevant in the context of the new National Education Policy in India, which emphasises the need to provide universal access to high‐quality ECCE to all young children across the country.
Relationship between lower urinary tract symptoms and frailty
Authors: Ozaki Yusuke , Hatakeyama Shingo , Imai Atsushi , Songee Jung , Soma Osamu , Ozaki Kai , Fujita Naoki , Okamoto Teppei , Iwamura Hiromichi , Yamamoto Hayato , Yoneyama Takahiro , Hashimoto Yasuhiro , Ohyama Chikara 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveTo elucidate the relationship between frailty and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).MethodsWe longitudinally evaluated the temporal changes and the relationships between frailty and LUTS in 247 community‐dwelling adults (45 years or older) at baseline and at a 5‐year follow‐up. We used the Fried phenotype (phenotype‐based frailty), 5‐item modified frailty index (5i‐mFI; comorbidity‐based frailty), and frailty discriminant score (comprehensive frailty assessment) to evaluate frailty. LUTS were evaluated using the international prostate symptom score (IPSS) and overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS).ResultsWe analyzed 247 participants with a median age of 60 years. The median IPSS and OABSS were significantly increased over the 5 years. The proportion of frail individuals did not increase significantly over the 5 years. Of the three frailty assessment tools, the 5i‐mFI score significantly increased between 2014 and 2019. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that the 5i‐mFI score was significantly associated with the severity of LUTS in 2014 to 5i‐mFI in 2019 but not with 5i‐mFI in 2014 to the severity of LUTS in 2019.ConclusionThe effect of LUTS on frailty might be greater than the effect of frailty on LUTS. Further large‐scale studies are needed to elucidate the relationship between LUTS and frailty.
Field strength effect on elastoplastic behavior of aluminoborosilicate glass: I. Elastic moduli and indentation size effect
Authors: Fry Aubrey L. , Ogrinc Andrew L. , Kim Seong H. , Mauro John C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe modifier field strength (FS) is believed to play an important role in determining the elastic–plastic responses of aluminoborosilicate (ABS) glasses, but its effect is not well understood. Three novel alkali and three alkaline earth (AE) ABS compositions were created for this study which is the first part of two studies that explored the elastoplastic responses of these glasses. Six compositions were designed using different network modifiers (NWMs) to cover a range of cation FS. The glasses were also designed such that the concentrations of NWM and Al2O3 were similar, which maximized the three‐coordinated boron fraction in the network. It is well known that modifier FS can affect the coordination number (CN) of Al and B in an ABS glass structure, for example, a higher FS modifier can promote B3 → B4 and higher [Al5,6], but the degree of this depends on network former (NWF) ratios. Previous work used solid‐state NMR spectroscopic analysis on the current glasses to find that there was variation between [B4] and [Al4] between the two glass series (alkali vs. AE) but that was attributed to synthesis factors and no trend with FS was associated with the varying NWF CN. Further, 29Si ssNMR showed no evidence of NBOs which made sense based on composition. The conclusion, therefore, was that there was a far greater correlation with modifier FS for the increased mechanical and physical properties rather than the CN of Al and B. Part I of the current work focused on the elastic moduli, Poisson's ratio, the indentation size effect (ISE), and the bow‐in parameter. This part laid out the foundation to investigate the intersection of these elastoplastic properties with hardness and crack resistance as a function of NWM FS. Results showed that: (i) the Young's, bulk, and shear moduli increased with modifier FS, whereas Poisson's ratio did not trend with FS; (ii) the alkali glasses had a significantly higher magnitudes of ISE compared to the AE glasses; and (iii) the bow‐in parameter was load dependent and decreased with modifier FS at the highest indentation load.
Microelectrode voltage mapping for substrate assessment in catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia: A dual‐center experience
Authors: Dello Russo Antonio , Compagnucci Paolo , Bergonti Marco , Cipolletta Laura , Parisi Quintino , Volpato Giovanni , Santarelli Giulia , Colonnelli Michela , Saenen Johan , Valeri Yari , Carboni Laura , Marchese Procolo , Marini Marco , Sarkozy Andrea , Natale Andrea , Casella Michela 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe assessment of the ventricular myocardial substrate critically depends on the size of mapping electrodes, their orientation with respect to wavefront propagation, and interelectrode distance. We conducted a dual‐center study to evaluate the impact of microelectrode mapping in patients undergoing catheter ablation (CA) of ventricular tachycardia (VT).MethodsWe included 21 consecutive patients (median age, 68 [12], 95% male) with structural heart disease undergoing CA for electrical storm (n = 14) or recurrent VT (n = 7) using the QDOT Micro catheter and a multipolar catheter (PentaRay, n = 9). The associations of peak‐to‐peak maximum standard bipolar (BVc) and minibipolar (PentaRay, BVp) with microbipolar (BVμMax) voltages were respectively tested in sinus rhythm with mixed effect models. Furthermore, we compared the features of standard bipolar (BE) and microbipolar (μBE) electrograms in sinus rhythm at sites of termination with radiofrequency energy.ResultsBVμMax was moderately associated with both BVc (β = .85, p < .01) and BVp (β = .56, p < .01). BVμMax was 0.98 (95% CI: 0.93−1.04, p < .01) mV larger than corresponding BVc, and 0.27 (95% CI: 0.16−0.37, p < .01) mV larger than matching BVp in sinus rhythm, with higher percentage differences in low voltage regions, leading to smaller endocardial dense scar (2.3 [2.7] vs. 12.1 [17] cm2, p < .01) and border zone (3.2 [7.4] vs. 4.8 [20.1] cm2, p = .03) regions in microbipolar maps compared to standard bipolar maps. Late potentials areas were nonsignificantly greater in microelectrode maps, compared to standard electrode maps. At sites of VT termination (n = 14), μBE were of higher amplitude (0.9 [0.8] vs. 0.4 [0.2] mV, p < .01), longer duration (117 [66] vs. 74 [38] ms, p < .01), and with greater number of peaks (4 [2] vs. 2 [1], p < .01) in sinus rhythm compared to BE.Conclusionmicroelectrode mapping is more sensitive than standard bipolar mapping in the identification of viable myocytes in SR, and may facilitate recognition of targets for CA.
Emotion‐focused skills training for parents with anxious children. A pilot study
Authors: Zahl‐Olsen Rune , Severinsen Linda , Shahar Ben , Stiegler Jan Reidar , Bertelsen Thomas Bjerregaard 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAnxiety disorders are common among children and adolescents. Effective treatments exist, but meta‐analyses indicate that 40% of children continue to have significant symptoms posttreatment. Alternative therapeutic interventions are needed. Emotion‐focused parental interventions have been found to be effective in targeting children's internalizing difficulties, but no research has examined remission. In this pilot trial, we examined whether Emotion Focused Skills Training (EFST) was associated with remission of diagnosis in children with anxiety. Nine 8–14‐year‐olds diagnosed with anxiety were recruited at a mental health clinic in Norway. Both parents of each child attended a 2‐day EFST program followed by five 1‐hour weekly sessions. Pre‐ and posttreatment diagnosis and severity were evaluated using a multiinformant approach using the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale and the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule. After treatment, 33% no longer met criteria for any anxiety diagnosis, 66% obtained remission from their primary anxiety diagnosis, and 89% from at least one.
Automated rapid response system activation—Impact on nurses' attitudes and perceptions towards recognising and responding to clinical deterioration: Mixed‐methods study
Authors: Chua Wei Ling , Wee Li‐Phing Clarice , Lim Jia Ying Germaine , Yeo Min Li Kimberly , Jones Daryl , Tan Chee Keat , Khan Faheem Ahmed , Liaw Sok Ying 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimTo explore general ward nurses' attitudes and perceptions towards recognising and responding to clinical deterioration in a hospital with automated rapid response system activation.BackgroundThere is growing interest in deploying automated clinical deterioration notification systems to reduce delayed or failed recognition and response to clinical deterioration of ward patients. However, little is known about its impact on ward nurses' perspectives and work patterns.DesignA mixed‐methods study.MethodsOnline survey of 168 registered nurses and individual interviews with 10 registered nurses in one acute hospital in Singapore. The study adhered to the STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies and the COREQ guidelines for qualitative studies.ResultsMany nurses (38.1%) rarely performed patient assessments or observations other than vital signs assessment to assess for early signs of clinical deterioration. About 30% were worried about being criticised for calling the primary team doctors. Four themes emerged from the qualitative analysis: automated rapid response system activation as a safety net, being more cautious with vital signs monitoring, the NEWS2 alone is inadequate, and ward nurses as the ‘middleman’ between the intensive care unit outreach nurse and primary team doctors.ConclusionsAlthough nurses value the automated rapid response system activation as a safety net to minimise delays in accessing urgent critical care resources, it does not address the sociocultural barriers inherent in escalation of care. Although the automated system led nurses to be more cautious with vital signs monitoring, it does not encourage them to perform comprehensive patient assessments to detect early signs of deterioration.Relevance to clinical practiceNurse education on assessing for clinical deterioration should focus on the use of broader patient assessment skills other than vital signs. Sociocultural barriers to escalation of care remain a key issue that needs to be addressed by hospital management.No patient or public contributionNo patients, service users, care‐givers or members of the public were involved in the study.
Antisuit injunctions in SEP disputes and the recent EU's WTO/TRIPS case against China
Authors: Bonadio Enrico , Lucchi Nicola 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe existence of standard essential patents (SEPs)—and the associated litigation—has potentially disruptive consequences for the manufacture, marketing and distribution of complex products that incorporate many patented standards, for example, information and communication technology (ICT) products such as smartphones that incorporate a camera, video, web browser, wireless communications, text messaging, and so on, as well as an increasing number of ‘connected’ Internet of Things products such as wearable devices and ‘smart home’ devices. Indeed, SEP owners may use the patent enforcement system to prevent implementers of these technologies from bringing to market competing products that use the same standards. As is known, this raises concerns about competition in the market and the need to maintain interoperability to ensure the development of the ICT industry. One of the legal tools which can be used by implementers to (try to) neutralise SEP holders' anticompetitive behaviours is the ‘antisuit injunction’ (ASI). ASIs are not uncommon in common law jurisdictions while they are foreign to civil law countries within the European Union (EU). ASIs are particularly useful to SEP implementers when patent holders disrespect their commitment to license their patents on a FRAND basis. For example, a judge who is in the process of assessing whether the SEP owner complies with FRAND terms may at the same time grant an ASI to stop the patentee taking patent infringement actions in other jurisdictions until the FRAND litigation has been concluded. In February 2022, the EU filed a complaint at the World Trade Organization (WTO), arguing that China's use of ASIs prevents EU‐based companies from properly protecting their SEPs. Indeed, ASIs have recently been granted in several Chinese disputes, including in Huawei v Conversant and Xiaomi v. InterDigital. More specifically, China's Supreme People's Court held that Chinese courts can use ASIs to prevent SEP owners from filing disputes in any foreign courts to enforce their patents; and that anyone who does not comply with the injunction should be fined €130,000 per day. In the WTO case the EU notes that such a case law jeopardises innovation and growth in Europe, ‘effectively depriving European technology companies of the possibility to exercise and enforce the rights that give them a technological edge’. From a legal perspective, according to the EU, China's conduct is in violation of various Trade‐Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) provisions, including Article 28 which grants exclusive rights to patent owners. The paper focuses on this EU–China WTO/TRIPS dispute and more generally, on the relevance of ASIs within SEP cases.