bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The nutritional and bio‐active constituents, functional activities, and industrial applications of cashew (Anacardium occidentale): A review
Authors: Chen Ying‐Ying , Li Ning‐yang , Guo Xu , Huang Hai‐jie , Garcia‐Oliveira P. , Sun Jin‐yue , Zhang Jian‐dong , Prieto M. A. , Guo Zhi‐qing , Liu Chao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCashew nut is a globally popular nut not only for its delicious and crunchy flavor but also for bioactive compounds, which present positive benefits to human health. Different parts of cashew have characteristic compounds. The kernel of cashew nut is rich in fatty acids, the testa is rich in polyphenols, cashew apple is rich in polyphenols and carotenoids, and phenols with aliphatic long chain are present in the cashew nutshell liquid. Therefore, the edible part of cashew possesses a wide range of bioactive compounds, with reported biological properties, including anti‐tumor, brain health, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protection, anti‐diabetic, gastroprotection, pathophysiological disorders protection, and antioxidant. On the other hand, the inedible part of cashew, the cashew nutshell liquid, could play an important role in the industry as surface coatings, insulating formulations and so on. Hence, there are considerable demands to increase the added value of cashew, thereby exploring greater economic value. Thus, this review summarizes nutrients, bioactive compounds, biological functions, and applications of Anacardium occidentale to provide a theoretical basis and inspiration for further in‐depth studies and utilization.
Probing the functional and therapeutic properties of postbiotics in relation to their industrial application
Authors: Asif Abrar , Afzaal Muhammad , Shahid Hina , Saeed Farhan , Ahmed Aftab , Shah Yasir Abbas , Ejaz Afaf , Ghani Samia , Ateeq Huda , Khan Mahbubur Rahman 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFunctional foods are gaining significant research attention of researchers due to their health‐endorsing properties due to their bioactive components either living cells (probiotics) or nonviable cells (prebiotics). The term “postbiotic” specifies the soluble substances, such as enzymes, peptides, teichoic acids, muropeptides derived from peptidoglycans, polysaccharides, cell surface proteins, and organic acids, that are secreted by living bacteria or released after bacterial lysis. Due to various signaling molecules which may have antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antiinflammatory, antihypertensive, and antiproliferative activities, postbiotics offer great potential to be used in pharmaceutical, food, and nutraceutical industries, to promote health and ailment prevention. This recent review is a landmark of information relevant to the production of postbiotics along with salient features to use in various fields ranging from food to immunomodulation and selective and effective therapy. It also puts forward the concept that postbiotics are way more effective than probiotics in the veterinary, food as well as medical field which ultimately helps in reducing the disease burden along with human health.
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Authors: Xiao Huai‐xian , Jiang Nan , Chen Xing‐zhen , Hao Ming‐hui , Zhou Jia‐wen 
Published: June 2023

The cover image is based on the Special Issue Article Slope deformation detection using subpixel offset tracking and an unsupervised learning technique based on unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry data by Huai‐xian Xiao et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.4677
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The committed oligodendrocyte precursor cell, a newly‐defined intermediate progenitor cell type in oligodendroglial lineage
Authors: Fang Minxi , Chen Lixia , Tang Tao , Qiu Mengsheng , Xu Xiaofeng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the central nervous system, oligodendrocytes (OLs) produce myelin sheaths that provide trophic support to neuronal axons and increase the propagation speed of action potential. OLs are constantly generated from OL precursor cells (OPCs) throughout life span. The production of myelinating OLs consists of three canonical stages: OPCs, newly‐formed OLs (NFOs), and mature myelinating OLs. Recently, single‐cell RNA transcriptomic analyses identified a new population of oligodendroglial cells, namely differentiation committed OPCs (COPs). COPs represent a critical intermediate population between OPCs and NFOs, as revealed by specific expression of G‐protein coupled receptor 17 (GPR17). The dysregulation of COPs leads to the remyelination failure in demyelinating diseases and impairs the replacement of lost myelin sheaths due to aging. Hence, understanding the development of COPs and their underlying regulatory network will be helpful in establishing new strategies for promoting myelin repair in demyelinating diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the development and functions of COPs under both physiological and pathological conditions. Overall, COPs function as “checkpoints” to prevent inappropriate precocious OL differentiation and myelination through expressing distinct regulatory factors. Deepening our understanding of COPs may not only advance our knowledge of how OL lineage progresses during development, but also open the door to new treatments for demyelinating diseases.
Centering Home Care in Bioethics Scholarship, Education, and Practice
Authors: Gary Mercer , Berlinger Nancy 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis commentary responds to “Home Care in America: The Urgent Challenge of Putting Ethical Care into Practice,” by Coleman Solis and colleagues, in the May‐June 2023 issue of the Hastings Center Report. More specifically, we respond to the authors’ call for “inquiry into the nature, value, and practice” of home care. We argue that the most urgently needed normative reset for thinking about care work is the replacement of dominant individualistic thinking with systemic thinking. Deepening a focus on the social, economic, and historical forces that shape the state of contemporary care work will help bioethicists to argue more effectively for improvements to working conditions. In turn, better working conditions will ease the oppositional stance between caregivers and receivers that has been set up by the current system, enabling all parties involved to better pursue the feminist ethical ideal of care.
Assessment of health‐related behaviors among medical students: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: El‐Kader Rabab G. A. , Ogale Rekha J. , Zidan Omar Omar , Al Jadaan Omar , Kumardhas Vijaya , Ahmed Sirwan K. , Dhama Kuldeep , SV Praveen , Rehman Mohammad Ebad Ur 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and AimStudents sometimes participate in harmful activities that adversely influence their behaviors and well‐being throughout college, which is one of the sensitive phases in an individual's life.Aim: To assess the health‐related behaviors of university students.MethodsA cross‐sectional study that includes systematic randomly selected 383 students from various colleges of Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University (RAKMHSU), Ras Al Khaimah Emirate, United Arab Emirates. A self‐reported questionnaire included students' demographic traits and behaviors, including safety, medication intake, cigarette smoking, nutrition, physical activity, and health‐related topics.ResultsMost participants were females (69.7%), 13.3% were obese while 28.2% were overweight. The data revealed a significant difference between male and female students regarding medication intake without prescription, nutrition, physical activity, and health‐related topics. The data also revealed that the majority of the students were attempting to lose weight, and the former male smokers had fewer trials to quit the use of all tobacco products than females.ConclusionMore than a quarter of participants were overweight, and the majority of students did not adhere to the guidelines for safety and nutritious eating. This study recognized significant health promotion opportunities for university students that can be carried out to establish a healthier youth for society.
Magnetic and chemical reaction effects on double‐diffusive convection with the effect of heat and salt flux boundary conditions
Authors: Noon Najat J. , Haddad Shatha A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe magnetic and chemical reaction effects on the onset of thermosolutal convection in a penetrative internally heated fluid are investigated for the case when the plane layer has a constant temperature and salt concentration on the upper surface and a specified heat flux and salt flux on the bottom surface. The linear instability and nonlinear stability boundaries are analyzed using the Chebyshev collocation method to calculate the corresponding eigenvalue systems according to the boundary conditions. Two distinct internal heat source functions are examined: the first kind is a constant, and the second kind is to heat the bottom half of the surface while cooling the rest. The Rayleigh number is graphically represented with the various parameter effects. The outcomes indicate that utilizing magnetic, chemical reactions, and internal heat sources has a significant influence on defining the thermosolutal convection stabilization and destabilization thresholds. For all types of internal heat sources, it is found that the magnetic field has a stabilizing effect. It is also noted that the effects of chemical reaction, heat flux, and salt flux play important factors in the stability region.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSC‐derived exosomes in animal models of central nervous system diseases: Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome
Authors: Nazari Shahrzad , Pourmand Seyed Mahmoud , Motevaseli Elahe , Hassanzadeh Gholamreza 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe NLRP3 (NOD‐, LRR‐, and pyrin domain‐containing protein 3) inflammasome is a multimeric protein complex that is engaged in the innate immune system and plays a vital role in inflammatory reactions. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and subsequent release of proinflammatory cytokines can be triggered by microbial infection or cellular injury. The NLRP3 inflammasome has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many disorders affecting the central nervous system (CNS), ranging from stroke, traumatic brain injury, and spinal cord injury to Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and depression. Furthermore, emerging evidence has suggested that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their exosomes may modulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation in a way that might be promising for the therapeutic management of CNS diseases. In the present review, particular focus is placed on highlighting and discussing recent scientific evidence regarding the regulatory effects of MSC‐based therapies on the NLRP3 inflammasome activation and their potential to counteract proinflammatory responses and pyroptotic cell death in the CNS, thereby achieving neuroprotective impacts and improvement in behavioral impairments.
Examination of the “model minority” stereotype through ethnicity and sexual orientation heterogeneity among Asian American youth
Authors: Russell Stephen T. , McCurdy Amy L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe “model minority” stereotype disguises heterogeneity among Asian American youth, many of whom are harmed by policies and attitudes that assume this population to be uniformly high achieving and “problem free.” The current study uses an intersectional lens to disaggregate this population by ethnicity and sexual orientation subgroups to demonstrate differences in academic performance and substance use behavior among Asian American youth. This study also investigates the extent to which racial/ethnicity and sexual orientation‐based bullying may explain such links.MethodsParticipants included 65,091 Asian American youth (46.41% Southeast Asian; 37.01% East Asian; 16.58% South Asian) in grades 6–12, who were part of the California Healthy Kids Survey (2015–2017). Participants were 49.4% female and about a third each were in grades 6–8, grades 9–10, and grades 11–12. School‐based surveys were administered. Youth reported on substance use, grades, and bias‐based bullying experiences in the past 12 months.ResultsGeneralized linear mixed‐effects model results showed that outcomes varied widely across youth ethnicity and sexual orientation subgroups. Inclusion of racial/ethnic and sexual orientation bullying in these models attenuated the direct effects between ethnic and sexual identities and academic performance and substance use outcomes.ConclusionsImplications of this work suggest that research and policy should not treat Asian American students as uniformly high‐performing and low‐risk, because the experiences of those who deviate from these assumptions will be left undetected. Interventions targeting bias‐based bullying may be able to reduce disparities in academic and substance use outcomes among Asian American youth.
The impacts of business ethics and diversity on ESG disclosure: Evidence from Hong Kong
Authors: Cheung Kwok Yip , Lai Chung Yee 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the effects of board cultural diversity, audit committee experience diversity as well as business ethics on the effectiveness of oversight quality on ESG performance. Using Generalized Moments of Methods (GMM), we examine the ESG performance of the firms listed in the Hong Kong Hang Seng Composite Index between 2010 and 2015. We find that board cultural diversity and business ethics have positive correlations with ESG performance while audit committee experience diversity has a negative correlation with ESG performance. In our additional analysis, we observe that board cultural diversity is critical for improving social performance and business ethics is essential for improving environmental and social performance. However, audit committee experience diversity limits firm performance in three areas (environmental, social, and governance) of ESG performance. This is the first study that provides insights to both policymakers and practitioners by highlighting the importance of optimizing the levels of diversity and mandating the improvement of business ethics.
Antibody‐mediated inhibition of tissue‐type plasminogen activator binding to the low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 1 as a potential beneficial modulator for stroke therapy
Authors: Klecker Philip H. , Fritzen Laura , Mazura Alexander D. , Weggen Sascha , Pietrzik Claus U. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe acute ischemic stroke therapy of choice is the application of Alteplase, a drug containing the enzyme tissue‐type plasminogen activator (tPa) which rapidly destabilizes blood clots. A central hallmark of stroke pathology is blood‐brain barrier (BBB) breakdown associated with tight junction (TJ) protein degradation, which seems to be significantly more severe under therapeutic conditions. The exact mechanisms how tPa facilitates BBB breakdown are not entirely understood. There is evidence that an interaction with the lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 1 (LRP1), allowing tPa transport across the BBB into the central nervous system, is necessary for this therapeutic side effect. Whether tPa‐mediated disruption of BBB integrity is initiated directly on microvascular endothelial cells or other brain cell types is still elusive. In this study we could not observe any changes of barrier properties in microvascular endothelial cells after tPa incubation. However, we present evidence that tPa causes changes in microglial activation and BBB breakdown after LRP1‐mediated transport across the BBB. Using a monoclonal antibody targeting the tPa binding sites of LRP1 decreased tPa transport across an endothelial barrier. Our results indicate that limiting tPa transport from the vascular system into the brain by coapplication of a LRP1‐blocking monoclonal antibody might be a novel approach to minimize tPa‐related BBB damage during acute stroke therapy.
Phenol and nitrogen removal in microalgal–bacterial granular sequential batch reactors
Authors: Bucci Paula , García‐Depraect Octavio , Montero Enrique José Marcos , Zaritzky Noemí , Caravelli Alejandro , Muñoz Raúl 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDMicroalgal–bacterial systems work on the principle of the symbiotic relationship between algae and bacteria. The ability of algal–bacterial photobioreactors for the treatment of wastewater containing ammonia and phenol has been poorly addressed. In this work a self‐sustaining synergetic microalgal–bacterial granular sludge process was thus developed to treatment of industrial wastewater based upon the low cost of photosynthetic oxygenation and the simultaneous phenol and nitrogen removal. The performance of a conventional sequential batch reactor (SBR) based on aerobic bacterial communities (SBRB) and a microalgal–bacterial granular SBR (SBRMB) were comparatively assessed. The major challenges associated with microalgal–bacterial systems were discussed.RESULTSA complete removal of phenol (100 mg L−1) was achieved in both reactors. The reactors SBRB and SBRMB showed similar performance in term of removal of inorganic nitrogen. Nitrogen mass balances estimated nitrogen assimilation, nitrification and denitrification. Higher simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (70% SND) occurred in SBRB as determined by mass balances. The higher nitrogen assimilation (17.9%) by the microalgal–bacterial biomass compensated the lower denitrifying activity in SBRMB (54% SND), resulting in a removal of inorganic nitrogen (61%) similar to that obtained in SBRB (66%). N2O was not detected in the headspace of any system.CONCLUSIONGranular microalgal–bacterial consortia implemented in SBR constitute an efficient method for industrial wastewater treatment achieving complete removal of ammonia and phenol. The application of SBRMB would be more cost effective than SBRB mainly due to the significant energy savings in SBRMB resulting in a sustainable system that contributes to the circular bioeconomy. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Safety and predictors of the success of lumbar punctures performed by a medicine procedure service
Authors: Short Andrew , Dunneback Erin , Stephens John R. , Guidici Jessica , Chatterjee Ashmita , Finn Erin , Contarino Michael , Spangler Hillary , Heath Jonathon , McEntee Jennifer , Donohoe Andrew , Hemsey David , Moore Carlton , Sturkie Emily , Kumfer Ann Marie , Campbell Robert A. , Dancel Ria 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundMedicine procedure services (MPS) increasingly perform bedside procedures, including lumbar punctures (LPs). Success rates and factors associated with LP success performed by MPS have not been well described.ObjectiveWe identified patients undergoing LP by an MPS September 2015 to December 2020. We identified demographic and clinical factors, including patient position, body mass index (BMI), use of ultrasound, and trainee participation. We performed multivariable analysis to identify factors associated with LP success and complications.Main Outcome and MeasuresWe identified 1065 LPs among 844 patients. Trainees participated in 82.2%; ultrasound guidance was used in 76.7% of LPs. The overall success rate was 81.3% with 7.8% minor and 0.1% major complications. A minority of LPs were referred to radiology (15.2%) or were traumatic (11.1%). In multivariable analysis, BMI > 30 kg/m2 (odds ratio [OR] 0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.21–0.48), prior spinal surgery (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.26–0.87), and Black race (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.41–0.95) were associated with decreased odds of successful LP; trainee participation (OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.51–4.12) was associated with increased odds. Ultrasound guidance (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.31–0.89) was associated with lower odds of traumatic LP.ResultsIn a large cohort of patients undergoing LP by an MPS, we identified high success and low complication rates. Trainee participation was associated with increased odds of success, while obesity, prior spinal surgery, and Black race were associated with decreased odds of success. Ultrasound guidance was associated with lower odds of a traumatic LP. Our data may help proceduralists in planning and assist in shared decision‐making.
Virological characterization of the 2022 outbreak‐causing monkeypox virus using human keratinocytes and colon organoids
Authors: Watanabe Yukio , Kimura Izumi , Hashimoto Rina , Sakamoto Ayaka , Yasuhara Naoko , Yamamoto Takuya ,   The Genotype to Phenotype Japan (G2P‐Japan) Consortium, Sato Kei , Takayama Kazuo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe outbreak‐causing monkeypox virus of 2022 (2022 MPXV) is classified as a clade IIb strain and phylogenetically distinct from prior endemic MPXV strains (clades I or IIa), suggesting that its virological properties may also differ. Here, we used human keratinocytes and induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived colon organoids to examine the efficiency of viral growth in these cells and the MPXV infection‐mediated host responses. MPXV replication was much more productive in keratinocytes than in colon organoids. We observed that MPXV infections, regardless of strain, caused cellular dysfunction and mitochondrial damage in keratinocytes. Notably, a significant increase in the expression of hypoxia‐related genes was observed specifically in 2022 MPXV‐infected keratinocytes. Our comparison of virological features between 2022 MPXV and prior endemic MPXV strains revealed signaling pathways potentially involved with the cellular damages caused by MPXV infections and highlights host vulnerabilities that could be utilized as protective therapeutic strategies against human mpox in the future.
Association between parenteral nutrition–containing intravenous lipid emulsion and bloodstream infections in patients with single‐lumen central venous access: A secondary analysis of a randomized trial
Authors: Gavin Nicole C. , Larsen Emily , Runnegar Naomi , Mihala Gabor , Keogh Samantha , McMillan David , Ray‐Barruel Gillian , Rickard Claire M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundDistinguishing primary bloodstream infections (BSIs) related to central venous access devices (CVADs) from those that occur through other mechanisms, such as a damaged mucosal barrier, is difficult.MethodsSecondary analysis was conducted on data from patients with CVADs that were collected for a large, randomized trial. Patients were divided into two groups: those who received parenteral nutrition (PN)–containing intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) and those who did not have PN‐containing ILE. This study investigated the influence of PN‐containing ILE (ILE PN) on primary BSIs in patients with a CVAD.ResultsOf the 807 patients, 180 (22%) received ILE PN. Most (627/807; 73%) were recruited from the hematology and hematopoietic stem cell transplant unit, followed by surgical (90/807; 11%), trauma and burns (61/807; 8%), medical (44/807; 5%), and oncology (23/807; 3%). When primary BSI was differentiated as a central line‐associated BSI (CLABSI) or mucosal barrier injury laboratory‐confirmed BSI (MBI‐LCBI), the incidence of CLABSI was similar in the ILE PN and non–ILE PN groups (15/180 [8%] vs 57/627 [9%]; P = 0.88) and the incidence of MBI‐LCBI was significantly different between groups (31/180 [17%] ILE PN vs 41/627 [7%] non–ILE PN; P < 0.01).ConclusionOur data indicate that twice as many primary BSIs in ILE PN patients are due to MBIs than CVADs. It is important to consider the MBI‐LCBI classification, as some CLABSI prevention efforts aimed at CVADs for the ILE PN population may be better directed to gastrointestinal tract protection interventions.