bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alfalfa Weevil: A Challenging Insect Pest of Forage Alfalfa in the Western United States
Authors: Rodbell E.A. , Wanner K.W. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Alfalfa weevil,
Hypera postica
Gyllenhal, native to Eurasia, is an invasive insect pest of alfalfa in North America. Alfalfa weevil causes economic damage in the central and western regions of the United States and is a minor pest of alfalfa in the north-eastern region of the country. This pest species is currently managed through biological (e.g., introduced parasitoid wasps), mechanical (e.g., harvesting one week early), cultural (e.g., maintaining a healthy alfalfa stand), and chemical (e.g., insecticide applications) control tactics. However, over the last half-century, there has been an overreliance on chemical control tactics, primarily pyrethroids (Mode of Action group (MoA) 3A), resulting in resistance developing within localized populations. Pyrethroid resistance can be addressed by following well-established integrated resistance management (IRM) and integrated pest management (IPM) strategies, that could lead to long-term sustainable management of this pest species. This case study provides diverse recommendations that can be utilized to help reduce reliance on chemical control tactics. Furthermore, new research endeavors that may provide improved IRM and IPM recommendations for this pest species are presented.

Information
© The Authors 2023
Freedom and Empowerment in International Volunteering: The Story of Angi
Authors: Polus Reni , Carr Neil 
Published: August 2023

Summary
This case study examines the intersection of freedom and empowerment in the context of international volunteering, focusing on Angi’s personal narrative and her perception of these concepts. Angi’s journey serves as a compelling illustration of how international volunteering can foster diverse forms of freedom, thereby contributing to a comprehensive understanding of freedom as a whole. Through her international volunteering experience, Angi not only empowers herself but also brings empowerment to the children she teaches and contributes to community development. This interplay between freedom and empowerment highlights the transformative potential of international volunteering, facilitating personal growth, challenging societal norms, and creating positive change in communities.

Information
© The Authors 2023
Disordered plasmonic nanocavity enhanced quantum dot emission
Authors: Kosger Ali Cahit , Ghobadi Amir , Omam Zahra Rahimian , Soydan Mahmut Can , Ulusoy Ghobadi Turkan Gamze , Ozbay Ekmel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a large-scale compatible plasmonic nanocavity design platform is utilized to achieve a nearly order of magnitude photoluminescence (PL) enhancement. The proposed design is made of multi-sized/multi-spacing gold (Au) nanounits that are uniformly wrapped with a thin aluminum oxide (Al2O3) layer, as a foreign host to form a metal–insulator–semiconductor cavity, as they are coated with semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). Our numerical and experimental data demonstrate that, in an optimal insulator layer thickness, the simultaneous formation of broadband Fabry–Perot resonances and plasmonic hot spots leads to enhanced light absorption within the QD unit. This improvement in absorption response leads to the PL enhancement of QDs. This work demonstrates the potential and effectiveness of a random plasmonic nanocavities host in the realization of lithography-free efficient emitters.
Adaptive optimal exposure selection based on time cost function for 3D reconstruction of high dynamic range surfaces
Authors: Li Ji , Guan Jingtian , Chen Xiaobo , Xi Juntong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
High dynamic range surfaces are prone to overexposure and underexposure in the camera imaging process, which poses a challenging issue for three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction. Capturing multiple images of high dynamic range surfaces at different exposure times is widely used for 3D reconstruction, and the exposure sequence can significantly affect reconstruction performance. However, most existing methods select the exposure sequence based on the overall performance of the image or groups of image pixels, without considering individual pixels in the image. To circumvent the problem, this paper presents the adaptive optimal exposure sequence selection based on time cost function for the 3D reconstruction of high dynamic range surfaces. Different from existing methods that use the overall performance, the acceptable exposure time range for each pixel in the image is determined independently. Furthermore, the time cost function is established to evaluate the priority of each exposure time and used to select the optimal exposure sequence iteratively. Experimental results verify both the reconstruction performance and suitability of the proposed method.
A SENet-TSCNN model developed for fault diagnosis considering squeeze-excitation networks and two-stream feature fusion
Authors: Pan Wujiu , Sun Yinghao , Cheng Ranran , Cao Shuming 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The increase in the number of channels for extracting bearing fault features can to some extent enhance diagnostic performance. Therefore, this article proposes a SENet (squeeze and excitation network)—TSCNN (two flow convolutional neural network) model with high accuracy and generalization characteristics for fault diagnosis of rolling bearings. Firstly, use convolutional pooling layers to construct a basic diagnostic model framework. Secondly, due to the unsatisfactory performance of feature extraction solely on one-dimensional frequency domain signals or two-dimensional time-frequency signals, there may be misjudgments. Therefore, a dual stream convolutional model is integrated to process both one-dimensional and two-dimensional data. Fast Fourier transform is used to process one-dimensional frequency domain data, and continuous wavelet transform is used to process two-dimensional time-frequency maps. Once again, integrating the SENet module into the dual stream diagnostic model, the addition of attention mechanism can enable the model to better understand key features of input data. Finally, the data obtained from the processing of two channels is fused and classified in the Softmax layer. This article uses the rolling bearing fault standard data from Case Western Reserve University and the American Society for Mechanical Fault Prevention Technology, and verifies through multiple controlled experiments that the model established in this article has high accuracy and good generalization characteristics.
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor-decorated semiconducting oligomer nanoparticles for active-targeting NIR-II fluorescence tumor imaging
Authors: Du Mingzhi , Liang Tingting , Gu Xuxuan , Liu Yaxin , Wang Nana , Zhou Wen , Xie Chen , Fan Quli 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Second near-infrared window (NIR-II) fluorescence imaging has shown great potential in the field of bioimaging. To achieve a better imaging effect, variety of NIR-II fluorescence probes have been designed and developed. Among them, semiconducting oligomers (SOs) have shown unique advantages including high photostability and quantum yield, making them promise in NIR-II fluorescence imaging. Herein, we design a SO nanoparticle (ASONi) for NIR-II fluorescence imaging of tumor. ASONi is composed of an azido-functionalized semiconducting oligomer as the NIR-II fluorescence emitter, and a benzene sulfonamide-ended DSPE-PEG (DSPE-PEG-CAi) as the stabilizer. Owing to the benzene sulfonamide groups on the surface, ASONi has the capability of targeting the carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell. Compared with ASON without benzene sulfonamide groups on the surface, ASONi has a 1.4-fold higher uptake for MDA-MB-231 cells and 1.5-fold higher breast tumor accumulation after i.v. injection. The NIR-II fluorescence signal of ASONi can light the tumor up within 4 h, demonstrating its capability of active tumor targeting and NIR-II fluorescence imaging.
Atomic bonding states of metal and semiconductor elements
Authors: Ge Liangjing , Bo Maolin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we use density functional theory (DFT) to calculate the deformation electron density of 46 metal and semiconductor elements. The binding-energy and bond-charge model (BBC) model is combined with the tight-binding and density-functional–tight-binding approaches to obtain quantitative information about atomic bonding at the atomic scale and to understand the contributions and effects of deformation energy density, energy shifts, and atomic bonding on the Hamiltonian. The bonding state is obtained through energy shift and deformation charge density. The BBC model involving no assumptions or freely adjustable parameters, has led to consistency between predictions and experimental observations of the cohesive energy and energy density of nanosolids.
Tunable atom lithography scheme with high resolution in atomic system
Authors: Liu Mingdong , Wang Haihua , Wang Lei , Fan Jingming , Liu Jia , Zhang Yiming , Xu Yiming , Li Aijun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We theoretically propose a scheme that utilizes the excited state of a Λ-type three-level atom system for atom lithography. A standing-wave coupling field and a probe field provide localized probability distribution of the excited atoms. Unlike the previous studies in atom localization, we focus on splitting the single-peak structure localized on the node of the standing-wave field to a double-peak structure. The shift distance of double-peak related to the parameters of external laser fields is investigated. The period of lithography pattern could reach λ/4, while the resolution of lithography is promising to be smaller than 0.02λ by adjusting system parameters. This scheme can be extended to form a two-dimensional pattern for lithography.
Morphological and optical characterizations of Sb2O5 nanorods as new photoelectrode for hydrogen generation
Authors: Mindil A , Mohamed S H , Amri Nasser , Rabia Mohamed 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Sb2O5 nanorods were synthesized using vapor transport as a photoelectrode for hydrogen generation. XRD revealed the formation of cubic Sb2O5 crystallographic phase and no other impurity peaks were observed. The SEM images revealed randomly oriented wedge shaped nanorods morphology. The optical band gap, the refractive index and extinction coefficient of the synthesized Sb2O5 nanorods film were calculated from the spectral transmittance and reflectance measurements. The photocurrent density generated from Sb2O5 nanorods film was—0.055 mA cm−2 at −0.88 V and it displayed a fast transient response in the on–off process of light. The calculated hydrogen moles per active unit area was 0.48 μmole/h.cm2. The Sb2O5 nanorods photoelectrode have achieved an incident to photon conversion efficiency of 0.17%. The results indicated that the Sb2O5 nanorods film could be used as a potential photoelectrode in photoelectrochemical water splitting applications.
Leptogenesis and neutrinoless double beta decay in the scotogenic hybrid textures of neutrino mass matrix
Authors: Ankush  , Verma Rishu , Kumar Sahil , Chauhan B.C. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In our recent work, we identified the hybrid textures that simultaneously account for dark matter (DM) and neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ). We also obtained bounds on dark matter mass and effective Majorana mass. However, on the same lines, in this work, we explored common parameter spaces amongst the baryon asymmetry of the universe Y, dark matter mass M
1, and effective Majorana mass |Mee
|. We use experimental bounds on the relic density of dark matter (Ωh
2) and baryon asymmetry of the universe to identify the suitable hybrid textures. We found that out of the five hybrid textures only three simultaneously satisfy the physics observations of the DM, 0νββ, and leptogenesis. It is interesting to note that these three hybrid textures give a lower bound to the effective Majorana mass |Mee
|, which can be probed in current and future experiments like SuperNEMO, KamLAND-Zen, NEXT, and nEXO (5 years) that have sensitivity reaches of 0.05 eV, 0.045 eV, 0.03 eV, and 0.015 eV, respectively.
Integration of thermo-electric coolers into the CMS MTD SiPM arrays for operation under high neutron fluence
Authors: Bornheim A. , Lustermann W. , Stachon K. , Reales Gutiérrez G. , Benaglia A. , De Guio F. , Ghezzi A. , Lucchini M.T. , Malberti M. , Palluotto S. , Tabarelli de Fatis T. , Benettoni M. , Carlin R. , Tosi M. , Rossin R. , Meridiani P. , Paramatti R. , Santanastasio F. , Silva J.C. , Varela J. , Heering A. , Karneyeu A. , Musienko Y. , Wayne M. , Anderson T. , Cox B. , Perez Lara C.E. , Ledovskoy A. , White S. , Schmidt I. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The barrel section of the novel MIP Timing Detector (MTD)
will be constructed as part of the upgrade of the CMS experiment to
provide a time resolution for single charged tracks in the range of
30–60 ps using LYSO:Ce crystal arrays read out with
Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs). A major challenge for the
operation of such a detector is the extremely high radiation level,
of about 2 × 1014 1 MeV(Si) Eqv. n/cm2, that will be
integrated over a decade of operation of the High Luminosity Large
Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). Silicon Photomultipliers exposed to
this level of radiation have shown a strong increase in dark count
rate and radiation damage effects that also impact their gain and
photon detection efficiency. For this reason during operations the
whole detector is cooled down to about -35°C. In this
paper we illustrate an innovative and cost-effective solution to
mitigate the impact of radiation damage on the timing performance of
the detector, by integrating small thermo-electric coolers (TECs) on
the back of the SiPM package. This additional feature, fully
integrated as part of the SiPM array, enables a further decrease in
operating temperature down to about -45°C. This leads to a
reduction by a factor of about two in the dark count rate without
requiring additional power budget, since the power required by the
TEC is almost entirely offset by a decrease in the power required
for the SiPM operation due to leakage current. In addition, the
operation of the TECs with reversed polarity during technical stops
of the accelerator can raise the temperature of the SiPMs up to
60°C (about 50°C higher than the rest of the
detector), thus accelerating the annealing of radiation damage
effects and partly recovering the SiPM performance.
Directional dark matter readout with a novel multi-mesh ThGEM for SF6 negative ion operation
Authors: Eldridge C. , Spooner N.J.C. , McLean A.G. , Burns J. , Crane T. , Ezeribe A.C. , Marcelo Gregorio R.R. , Scarff A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Direct searches for Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) dark matter could greatly benefit from directional measurement of the expected induced nuclear recoils. Gas-based Time Projection Chambers (TPCs) offer potential for this, opening the possibility of measuring WIMP signals below the so-called neutrino floor but also of directional measurement of recoils induced by neutrinos from the Sun, for instance as proposed by the CYGNUS collaboration. Presented here for the first time are results from a Multi-Mesh Thick Gas Electron Multiplier (MM-ThGEM) using negative ion gases for operation with such a directional dark matter TPC. Negative ion drift gases are favoured for directionality due to their low diffusion characteristics. The multiple internal mesh structure is designed to provide a high gain amplification stage when coupled to future large area Micromegas, strip or pixel charge readout planes. Experimental results and simulations are presented of MM-ThGEM gain and functionality using low pressure pure CF4, SF6 and SF6:CF4 mixtures irradiated with alpha particles and 55Fe x-rays. The concept is found to work well, providing stable operation with gains over 103 in pure SF6.
Assessment of X-Ray Effects on HF Radio Communications
Authors: Al-Awadi Raghda S. , Al-Taai Osama T. , Abdullah Sundus A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This study aims to determine the effect of x-ray radiation resulting from solar flares in high-frequency radio wave communications through the ionosphere and to study the radio blackout events that occur over Iraq, located within (38,28) latitude, and (38,49) longitude. Using X-ray data during strong X flares and radio wave absorption data across the D ionosphere for 10 years from 2012 to 2021. The study concluded that there were 43 events of x-flare, most of which were during years of high solar activity. All of these flares produced X-rays that caused a radio blackout, R3 and only 13 events affected Iraq.
Assessment of some Bioclimatic Indices using RayMan Model for Baghdad-Iraq
Authors: Al-Lami Alaa M. , Khaleed Omar L. , Ahmed Mohamad M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The evaluation of bioclimatic conditions on a local scale is still an important topic. It might be a key component of the national plan for the sustainable development of various areas under changing climatic conditions. The present study aimed to examine the behaviour of four bioclimatic indices namely physiologically equivalent temperature (PET), Standard Effective Temperature (SET*), Universal thermal climate index(UTCI) and, Predictive mean vote(Pmv) derived from energy budget models for Baghdad city. The monthly means data of air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation during the period (1981-2021) were used in this study. All calculations of this study were extracted using RayMan Model. The relationship between PET, Pmv, SET, and UTCI indices in addition to meteorological parameters was also conducted in this study. The results indicate that July and August had the highest values of Pmv (4), SET* (39.4), PET (43.9), and UTCI (39.4). For the majority of the studied indices, the comfortable thermal perception occurred only in March, April, and October. PET and UTCI revealed acceptable comparability in terms of temperature perception when compared to other indices for most months of the year. The maximum heat stress was reported for all indices between May and September, with the lowest stress occurring between January and December. April was the most comfortable month of the year, according to the data. Correlations between UTCI and meteorological parameters found a substantial association with air temperature (0.99) and relative humidity (0.98), respectively. The lowest correlation coefficient (R2=0.69) was found with wind speed. All other indicators indicate a substantial association with the UTCI.
Assessing Urbanization in the Surroundings of International Baghdad Airport Using Landsat Data
Authors: Mohowes Zeina T. , Al-Jiboori Monim H. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This study focuses on the basic extraction of the built-up area around International Baghdad Airport. Every five years only in July for the period from 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020, the satellite images of Landsat 5, 7 and 8 were used to detect the change of urbanization growth by ArcGIS 10.7 software through measuring Built-up Index (BUI). The results showed that the highest value of the urbanization expansion area was in 2015 which reached 181.1 km2 which forms 68% of the total area which constitutes 266 km2. While the low value of built up was in 2000 approximately 118.5 km2 with a percentage of 45% of the total area.
Agricultural Crop Rresidues and Polystyrene Waste for the Production Thermal Insulators
Authors: Hameed Shahad Hasan , Alwan Kareem Jafar 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Renewable building materials that are produced from agricultural and industrial waste have become more demanded in engineering applications for their sustainability and have little harm to the environment. They are also considered thermal insulators that reduce energy consumption, with their great importance in producing valuable materials from harmful waste. In this research, there are four types of locally available renewable materials (rice husk, sawdust, rice husk powder, and polystyrene waste). It is used to produce thermal insulators with compressive strength (2.08 - 5.992 MPa). The thermal conductivity of the sample ranges between 1012-1433 kg/m3 and 0.118-0.362 W/m.K, respectively. The lowest thermal conductivity is. 0.118 W/mK was observed for the composite of rice husk powder with cement and sand, and the density was 1332 kg/m3. The lowest water absorption (15%) was found in the polystyrene sample. The tested samples showed potential to become thermal insulators and can be used in place of traditional materials in both internal and external building insulation applications. Extensive cement-based compounds some of which are summarized in Table 1 and compared with the results of this study
Quantification of the interannual variability of the nationwide electric power supply from photovoltaic systems in Japan
Authors: Watanabe Takeshi , Oka Kazutaka , Hijioka Yasuaki 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Information on the variation in photovoltaic (PV) power generation is essential for resource assessment. This work investigated the interannual variability of the nationwide electric power supply from PV systems in Japan. Objectives of this study were twofold: one was the quantification of the annual variability of the nationwide PV power supply. The other was identifying the causes of the variability. However, the time span of available observation data on the PV power supply is inadequate to evaluate its variability, as PV systems have been rapidly installed in recent years. We used simulation to bypass this limitation. Due to the lack of available information for modeling, a hybrid modeling approach, combining a parametric model, and estimating parameters by fitting the model to observations, was employed. Nationwide PV power supply simulations were performed using historical weather data for 30 years, from 1991–2020. The long-term simulation data enabled us to quantify the interannual variability of the nationwide PV power generation. The annual variability measured with the range from the minimum to the maximum was approximately 9% of the mean. The variability for each month was less than 30% of the monthly mean for every month except for July when it was approximately 40%. An increasing trend in the annual mean PV power supply was observed over the 30 years, with an increase of 0.16% per year of the mean over the whole period. We found that the variations in sea surface temperature (SST) in the Tropics are factors contributing to the variability of nationwide PV power supply. Specifically, the variation in SST in the tropical Indian Ocean is one of the possible driving factors of the annual variability. The framework proposed in this study can provide valuable information for assessing solar energy resources on an interannual scale.
Meaning without Gricean intentions
Authors: Pavese Carlotta , Radulescu Alexandru 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Gricean theories analyse meaning in terms of certain complex intentions on the part of the speaker – the intention to produce an effect on the addressee, and the intention to have that intention recognized by the addressee. By drawing an analogy with cases widely discussed in action theory, we propose a novel counterexample where the speaker lacks these intentions but nonetheless means something and successfully performs a speech act.