bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LAGOS‐US RESERVOIR: A database classifying conterminous U.S. lakes 4 ha and larger as natural lakes or reservoir lakes
Authors: Rodriguez Lauren K. , Polus Sam M. , Matuszak Danielle I. , Domka Marcella R. , Hanly Patrick J. , Wang Qi , Soranno Patricia A. , Cheruvelil Kendra S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe LAGOS‐US RESERVOIR data module classifies all 137,465 lakes ≥ 4 ha in the conterminous U.S. into three categories using a machine learning predictive model based on visual interpretation of lake outlines and a lake shape classification rule. Natural Lakes (NLs) are defined as naturally formed, lacking large, flow‐altering structures; Reservoir Class A's (RSVR_A) are defined as lakes likely human‐made or human‐altered by a large water control structure; and Reservoir Class B's (RSVR_Bs) are lakes likely human‐made but are not connected to streams and have a shape rare in NLs. We trained machine learning models on 12,162 manually classified lakes to predict assignment as an NL or RSVR, then further classified RSVRs based on NHD Fcodes, isolation, and angularity. Our classification indicates that > 46% of lakes ≥ 4 ha in the conterminous U.S. are reservoir lakes. These data can be easily combined with other LAGOS‐US modules and U.S. national databases for the broad‐scale study of reservoir lakes and NLs.
Characterization of Electrospun Polysuccinimide‐Dopamine Conjugates and Effect on Cell Viability and Uptake
Authors: Tóth Krisztina , S. Nagy Krisztina , Güler Zeliha , Juhász Ákos György , Pállinger Éva , Varga Gábor , Sarac A. Sezai , Zrínyi Miklós , Jedlovszky‐Hajdú Angéla , Juriga Dávid 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBiocompatible nanofibrous systems made by electrospinning have been studied widely for pharmaceutical applications since they have a high specific surface and the capability to make the entrapped drug molecule amorphous, which increases bioavailability. By covalently conjugating drugs onto polymers, the degradation of the drug as well as the fast clearance from the circulation can be avoided. Although covalent polymer–drug conjugates have a lot of advantages, there is a lack of research focusing on their nano‐formulation by electrospinning. In this study, polysuccinimide (PSI) based electrospun fibrous meshes conjugated with dopamine (DA) are prepared. Fiber diameter, mechanical properties, dissolution kinetics and membrane permeability are thoroughly investigated, as these are crucial for drug delivery and implantation. Dopamine release kinetics prove the prolonged release that influenced the viability and morphology of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and SH‐SY5Y cells. The presence of dopamine receptors on both cell types is also demonstrated and the uptake of the conjugates is measured. According to flow cytometry analysis, the conjugates are internalized by both cell types, which is influenced by the chemical structure and physical properties. In conclusion, electrospinning of PSI‐DA conjugates alters release kinetics, meanwhile, conjugated dopamine can play a key role in cellular uptake.
Ring‐Opening Oligomerization Mechanism of a Vanillin‐Furfurylamine‐Based Benzoxazine and a Mono‐Azomethine Derivative
Authors: Zhen Menglei , Wang Chang , Zhang Yizhe , An Hualiang , Xiao Jinchong , Wang Shuxiang , Liu Yanfang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractExploring the ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) mechanism of benzoxazines is a fundamental issue in benzoxazine chemistry. Though some research papers on the topic have been reported, the ROP mechanism of mono‐benzoxazines is still elusive. The key point for mechanistic studies is to determine and characterize the structure and formation pathways of the products generated in ROP. In this paper, the ROP of a vanillin‐furfurylamine‐based benzoxazine and a mono‐azomethine derivative is studied with differential scanning calorimetry, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, respectively. The results show that the products consist of a range of cationic species, zwitterions, fragments, and series of cyclic and linear oligomers of varying molecular sizes. It is proposed that both mono‐benzoxazines undergo thermally activated cationic ring‐opening oligomerization via zwitterion intermediates. Upon thermal induction, multi‐bond‐cleavage takes place to form various zwitterionic intermediates, which react with a monomer, a fragment, or a second zwitterion by several pathways to generate cyclic and linear oligomers.
A simple mathematical model of cyclic hypoxia and its impact on hypofractionated radiotherapy
Authors: Taylor Edward 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeThere is evidence that the population of cells that experience fluctuating oxygen levels (“acute,” or, “cyclic” hypoxia) are more radioresistant than chronically hypoxic ones and hence, this population may determine radiotherapy (RT) response, in particular for hypofractionated RT, where reoxygenation may not be as prominent. A considerable effort has been devoted to examining the impact of hypoxia on hypofractionated RT; however, much less attention has been paid to cyclic hypoxia specifically and the role its kinetics may play in determining the efficacy of these treatments. Here, a simple mathematical model of cyclic hypoxia and fractionation effects was worked out to quantify this.MethodsCancer clonogen survival fraction was estimated using the linear quadratic model, modified to account for oxygen enhancement effects. An analytic approximation for oxygen transport away from a random network of capillaries with fluctuating oxygen levels was used to model inter‐fraction tissue oxygen kinetics. The resulting survival fraction formula was used to derive an expression for the iso‐survival biologically effective dose (BED), BEDiso-SF. These were computed for some common extra‐cranial hypofractionated RT regimens.ResultsUsing relevant literature parameter values, inter‐fraction fluctuations in oxygenation were found to result in an added 1–2 logs of clonogen survival fraction in going from five fractions to one for the same nominal BED (i.e., excluding the effects of oxygen levels on radiosensitivity). BEDiso-SF's for most ultra‐hypofractionated (five or fewer fractions) regimens in a given tumor site are similar in magnitude, suggesting iso‐efficacy for common fractionation schedules.ConclusionsAlthough significant, the loss of cell‐killing with increasing hypofractionation is not nearly as large as previous estimates based on the assumption of complete reoxygenation between fractions. Most ultra‐hypofractionated regimens currently in place offer sufficiently high doses to counter this loss of cell killing, although care should be taken in implementing single‐fraction regimens.
The optimal design of repetitive controllers based on inverse frequency response
Authors: Panomruttanarug Benjamas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article presents a complete design of non‐causal finite impulse response (FIR) and infinite impulse response (IIR) compensators for repetitive control. The concept of repetitive controllers involves imitating the inverse frequency response of the feedback control system by minimizing the amplitude of error propagation from one period to the next in the frequency domain. The FIR compensator design has already been presented in our previous work. However, it was not complete since some parameters, such as the number of causal gains and total number of gains were still left open for the designers to select. This work provides a reasonable suggestion on how to choose parameters based on the steepest descent method. In addition, an IIR compensator is further developed based on the designed FIR design. The gains of the IIR compensator are adjusted by aiming to minimize the cost function using the steepest descent. As can be observed from the results, the IIR compensator developed from the FIR compensator cannot overcome the original FIR compensator since its learning performance is relatively slow and the extra gains added to the denominator increase memory usage when executing.
The impact of age and obesity on outcomes among patients hospitalized with COVID‐19 in Denmark: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Andersen Anton Lund , Gribsholt Sigrid Bjerge , Pedersen Lars , Thomsen Reimar Wernich , Benfield Thomas Lars , Søgaard Ole , Nielsen Stig Lønberg , Omland Lars Haukali , Lindegaard Birgitte , Richelsen Bjørn , Bodilsen Jacob , Bruun Jens Meldgaard 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeObesity may alter the severity of infection with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Age may impact the association between body weight and severity of COVID‐19 in patients with obesity. The aim of the study was to examine the association between obesity and severity of infection in a Danish cohort hospitalized with COVID‐19 in the initial wave of the pandemic.Patients and methodsBased on data from the nationwide, clinical database: COVID‐DK, risks of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), and mortality were compared among patients with and without obesity. Interaction with age was examined and we used Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting regression for confounder adjustment.ResultsAmong 524 patients, 142 (27%) were admitted to the ICU, 112 (21%) required IMV, and 109 (21%) died. Compared to COVID‐19 patients without obesity, patients with obesity displayed a non‐significant increased risk of ICU admission (Relative Risk [RR] 1.19, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.88; 1.60), IMV (RR 1.23, CI 0.86; 1.75) and mortality (RR 1.21, CI 0.84; 1.75). COVID‐19 patients with obesity, <60 years had highly increased risk of ICU admission (RR 1.92, CI 1.14; 3.24) and IMV (RR 1.95, CI 1.09; 3.49).ConclusionsIn hospitalized COVID‐19 patients, obesity conferred an approximately 20% increased risk for ICU admission, IMV, and death, although these relationships did not reach statistical significance. COVID‐19 patients with obesity and <60 years had an almost doubled risk of ICU admission and IMV.
Influence of the enzymatic and the chemical oxidative polymerization of trifluoromethyl‐substituted aromatic diamine on thermal and photophysical properties
Authors: Söyüt Hakan , Kolcu Feyza , Kaya İsmet , Yaşar Alper Ömer 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSemi‐conductive polymers have been used in a few area applications such as coatings, accumulators, solar cells, rechargeable batteries, ion sensors, photoreceptors, light‐emitting diodes and electrochromic instruments. Poly(4‐(trifluoromethyl)benzene‐1,2‐diamine)s of Poly(TFMBDA)‐O and Poly(TFMBDA)‐E were synthesized via chemical oxidative and enzymatic polymerization methods, respectively, using 4‐(trifluoromethyl)benzene‐1,2‐diamine (TFMBDA) as monomer. FT‐IR, UV–vis and 1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR instruments were utilized in order to confirm the structures of all compounds. The Mw values of the polymers and their PDI values were found to be between 5000–7000 Da and 1.045–1.115, respectively, from GPC measurements. The glass temperature of phenazine‐type structure of Poly(TFMBDA)‐O was higher compared to that of Poly(TFMBDA)‐E, which was composed of phenyl units linked with –NH bridges. As soon as Poly(TFMBDA)‐O and Poly(TFMBDA)‐E were excited by UV light, they had a quantum efficiency of 6.3% and 13.7%, respectively, in DMF for violet photoluminescence (PL) emission depending on photoluminescence measurement. SEM images revealed that Poly(TFMBDA)‐O consisted of approximately 1–2 μm of uniform micro‐spheres and a granular surface with different pore diameters. The enzymatic oxidation with HRP afforded Poly(TFMBDA)‐E micro‐rods of about 5–10 μm‐long shape in their SEM images.
Programmable photonics for coherent transceivers
Authors: González Ana , Theodoras Jim 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe implementation of coherent systems in communications involves the post‐processing of the optical transmitted signal after photodetection due to the need to mitigate transmission impairments. This processing is currently performed in the electrical domain using a digital signal processing device (DSP), which increases latency, and costs in the form of power consumption and additional equipment. The use of programmable photonics in coherent systems opens the door to correcting the main transmission impairments in real‐time inside the photonic chip, allowing adaptive processing through time fluctuations.
Laser technologies for micro and nanofluidics systems
Authors: Picot‐Clémente Jérémy 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAmong the various micro and nanofabrication technologies, ultrafast laser processing is a promising tool for the fabrication of micro/nanofluidics due to its flexibility, versatility, high fabrication resolution and three‐dimensional fabrication capability. In this article, we review the progress made to date by companies working with ultrafast laser processing for the fabrication of micro and nanofluidics systems.
Laser‐based glass micromachining for integrated photonics
Authors: Ferrini Rolando 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the last ten years, laser‐based glass micromachining has become a mature technology, which is now out of the R&D labs and is finally deployed in industry as a scalable micro‐manufacturing process to produce innovative optics and photonics devices. Micro‐optics, integrated photonics, optical communication, innovative displays, photonic and quantum computing are among the fields that are looking at this potentially ground‐breaking technology for the precision manufacturing of disruptive miniaturized devices.
Apoplexy in pituitary metastasis revealing a lung carcinoma
Authors: Maamri Kais , Hadj Taieb Mohamed Amine , Ghorbel Mohamed , Trifa Amine , Elkahla Ghassen , Darmoul Mehdi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPituitary metastasis (PM) is an uncommon manifestation of systemic malignant tumours. It is the least common site of intracranial metastases. As PM has no clinical or radiological pathognomonic features, their diagnosis is challenging. Herein, we present a rare case of a PM unveiling lung cancer. A 60‐year‐old male with no medical history of malignancy was admitted with a sudden headache, retro‐orbital pain, and a severe loss of both eyes' visual acuity. After proper investigations and endoscopic resection of the sellar mass, the diagnosis was confirmed to be pituitary metastasis of lung carcinoma. PM can be the initial presentation of an otherwise unknown malignancy. Their diagnosis and management are complex and depend on many factors. Endoscopic surgical resection provides histopathological proof, helps with symptomatic relief, and improves the quality of life but has no effect on survival.
Dual‐mode robust model predictive control for the tracking control of nonholonomic mobile robot
Authors: Meng Huan , Zhang Jinhui , Li Sihang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this article, a novel dual‐mode robust model predictive control (MPC) approach is proposed for solving the tracking control problem of nonholonomic mobile robot with additive bounded disturbance. To reduce the negative effects of disturbance, and drive the state of real system closer to the one of nominal system, a robust reference signal is introduced into the cost function of MPC. In order to reduce the computation burden caused by online optimization of MPC and further improve the tracking accuracy, a dual‐mode control strucuture consisting of the robust MPC and the local nonlinear robust control is developed, in which the local nonlinear robust control law is applied within a specified terminal region. Finally, simulation results on the nonholonomic mobile robot are presented to show the validity of the proposed control approach.
Vulnerability assessment of urban drainage network using relevance‐based centrality metrics
Authors: Simone Antonietta 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe analysis of urban drainage networks (UDNs) is one of the most important topics in the study of water systems. The interest in strategies aimed at analyzing the impacts of sewer pipes failure on the urban drainage system operation is growing, and the need of developing methodologies aimed at vulnerability assessment and system management is increasingly important. To this purpose, the present work shows and discusses the use of complex network theory. In particular, the recently developed relevance‐based centrality metrics have been used to classify UDNs and to identify the most critical pipes. First, the relevance‐based degree is applied to the direct graph of the drainage network to classify the systems. Afterward, the relevance‐based edge betweenness is used for ranking the importance, that is, the criticality with respect to fluxes, for the pipes. The relevance‐based metrics assign importance to the network elements (pipes and nodes), considering both the intrinsic relevance of nodes and the network connectivity structure. Results provide useful information to support pipe maintenance programs to be prepared for malfunctioning events by means of a criticality analysis in advance.The relevance‐based metrics are presented by using the direct graph of a simple example network, and they are then applied both to a benchmark and a real urban drainage system to show the effectiveness even for real systems.
Research on Torque Ripple Optimization of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Electric Vehicle Based on Modular Poles
Authors: Chen Qiping , Xu Zhihui , Hu Yiming , Ding Junling , Xie Yinfei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAbstract in order to study the torque ripple of permanent magnet synchronous motor for electric vehicle, the method of modular poles instead of single pole is adopted to reduce the torque ripple. The modular poles consist of three kinds of permanent magnets with different remanence and are arranged in a sinusoidal distribution. The pole arc length and position of each magnetic pole are calculated according to the cutting area of sinusoidal air gap flux density wave. By changing the cutting area of sinusoidal air gap flux density wave, the optimal pole arc coefficient of each permanent magnet was determined, and the magnet pole combination with the smallest torque ripple value is obtained. The results show that the sine degree of back electromotive force is improved obviously, the cogging torque is decreased greatly, and the motor with modular poles has obvious effect on torque ripple suppression. The torque of the motor with different kinds of magnetic pole combination is more stable than that of the motor with the same kind of magnetic pole combination. In this paper, the method of using modular poles instead of single pole to reduce torque ripple is of positive significance, which provides a reference for the subsequent performance optimization of electric vehicle motor. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Sino‐American competition and the future of climate cooperation
Authors: Moore Scott M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractClimate change is often thought of as an issue that only cooperation can address. But growing tensions between the world's two largest emitters, the United States and China, demand that scholars contribute to a new understanding of how climate change, geopolitics, and international relations intersect. A better understanding of how competition might affect climate action by individual states, and more rigorous assessment of whether it might be helpful rather than harmful, is needed.This article is categorized under:
Policy and Governance > International Policy Framework
Significant changes in lower limb alignment due to flexion and rotation—a systematic 3D simulation of radiographic measurements
Authors: Brunner Josef , Jörgens Maximilian , Weigert Maximilian , Kümpel Hannah , Degen Nikolaus , Fuermetz Julian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundMany radiographic lower limb alignment measurements are dependent on patients’ position, which makes a standardised image acquisition of long-leg radiographs (LLRs) essential for valid measurements. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of rotation and flexion of the lower limb on common radiological alignment parameters using three-dimensional (3D) simulation.MethodsJoint angles and alignment parameters of 3D lower limb bone models (n = 60), generated from computed tomography (CT) scans, were assessed and projected into the coronal plane to mimic radiographic imaging. Bone models were subsequently rotated around the longitudinal mechanical axis up to 15° inward/outward and additionally flexed along the femoral intercondylar axis up to 30°. This resulted in 28 combinations of rotation and flexion for each leg. The results were statistically analysed on a descriptive level and using a linear mixed effects model.ResultsA total of 1680 simulations were performed. Mechanical axis deviation (MAD) revealed a medial deviation with increasing internal rotation and a lateral deviation with increasing external rotation. This effect increased significantly (p < 0.05) with combined flexion up to 30° flexion (− 25.4 mm to 25.2 mm). With the knee extended, the mean deviation of hip–knee–ankle angle (HKA) was small over all rotational steps but increased toward more varus/valgus when combined with flexion (8.4° to − 8.5°). Rotation alone changed the medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) and the mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA) in opposite directions, and the effects increased significantly (p < 0.05) when flexion was present.ConclusionsAxial rotation and flexion of the 3D lower limb has a huge impact on the projected two-dimensional alignment measurements in the coronal plane. The observed effects were small for isolated rotation or flexion, but became pronounced and clinically relevant when there was a combination of both. This must be considered when evaluating X-ray images. Extension deficits of the knee make LLR prone to error and this calls into question direct postoperative alignment controls.Level of evidenceIII (retrospective cohort study).
Sex‐based Disparities Among Surgical Faculty Positions Across Medical Colleges in Pakistan
Authors: Rauf Hareem , Martins Russell Seth , Arif Hibba Erum , Ahmed Aymen , Nawaz Arisha , Malik Mahim A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionDespite women being under‐represented in academic surgery, there is no publicly accessible repository describing the distribution of surgeons by sex and specialty in Pakistan. This short report aims to fulfill this gap by describing female representation across surgical faculty positions in medical colleges across Pakistan.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted in 2021 across medical universities in Pakistan. A dual mode of data collection was employed, whereby data regarding sex, academic designation, and subspecialty of surgical faculty was retrieved via emails to representative faculty from medical colleges, and from medical colleges’ websites.ResultsA total of 97/114 (85.1%) medical colleges across Pakistan were included, providing us with data of 2070 surgical faculty. Overall, only 10.3% of surgical faculty were women, with women comprising 14.1% of assistant professors, 9.3% of associate professors, and only 5.7% of professors. Most women surgical faculty were assistant professors (63.1%), with only 17.8% being professors. Sindh (14.3%) and Punjab (9.7%) had the greatest percentage of women across surgical faculty overall, while Khyber Pakhtunkhwa had the lowest (6.5%). Apart from breast surgery (100%), pediatric surgery (29.4%), ophthalmology (15.0%) and general surgery (11.6%), women did not represent more than 10% of surgical faculty for any surgical subspecialty.ConclusionIn Pakistan, there is a blatant lack of female representation across all faculty positions and in most surgical specialties, with imbalances more pronounced in the relatively under‐developed Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan. These sex disparities may aggravate the surgical disease burden and adversely impact surgical prospects for women across the country.