bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GRAPE optimization for open quantum systems with time-dependent decoherence rates driven by coherent and incoherent controls
Authors: Petruhanov V N , Pechen A N 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe GRadient Ascent Pulse Engineering (GRAPE) method is widely used for optimization in quantum control. GRAPE is gradient search method based on exact expressions for gradient of the control objective. It has been applied to various coherently controlled closed and open quantum systems. In this work, we adopt the GRAPE method for optimizing objective functionals in open quantum systems driven by both coherent and incoherent controls. In our case, a tailored or engineered environment acts on the controlled system as control viatime-dependent decoherence ratesγi(t)or, equivalently, viaspectral densitynω(t)of the environment. To develop the GRAPE approach for this problem, we compute gradient of various objectives for generalN-level open quantum systems for the piecewise constant class of control. The case of a single qubit is considered in details and solved analytically. For this case, an explicit analytical expression for evolution and objective gradient is obtained via diagonalization of a3×3matrix determining the system’s dynamics in the Bloch ball. The diagonalization is obtained by solving a cubic equation via Cardano’s method. The efficiency of the algorithm is demonstrated through numerical simulations for the state-to-state transition problem and its complexity is estimated. Robustness of the optimal controls is also studied.
Magnetic behavior of two-dimensional manganese telluride
Authors: Gowda Chinmayee Chowde , Tromer Raphael , Pandey Prafull , Chandravanshi Dharita , Chandra Amreesh , Chattopadhyay Kamanio , Galvao Douglas S , Tiwary Chandra Sekhar 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Magnetism in atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials is attractive for several applications such as memory devices, sensors, biomedical devices, etc. Here, we have synthesized 2D manganese telluride (MnTe) using a scalable synthesis method consisting of melting followed by liquid phase exfoliation. Both bulk and 2D MnTe samples were analyzed for their magnetic behavior at room temperature (RT) and lower temperatures (10 K). A change from antiferromagnetic (AFM) to paramagnetic (PM) behavior was observed in 2D MnTe flakes. Enhanced magnetic saturation values (up to 400% increase) were observed as compared to bulk MnTe in RT. Density functional theory simulations explain the layer-dependent magnetic behavior of the 2D MnTe flakes, as well the AFM to PM transition due to an unbalanced spin population.
Process window prediction in stainless steel selective laser melting using various energy densities: laser power, scan speed, and defocusing distance
Authors: Lim Sungsang , Murugan Siva Prasad , Park Jungu , Lee Haksung , Jo Ilguk , Park Yeongdo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The process window of selective laser melting (SLM), a set of optimum process parameters, is crucial for producing defect-free components with excellent mechanical properties. This study aims to predict the optimum process window for SLM of stainless steel by varying the defocusing distance (f) which changes the laser beam diameter (d) and using laser power (P) and scan speed (V) as process parameters. The process window was predicted using empirical formulae related to the energy density equations, instead of the conventional approach based on simple experimental results. To predict the process window, we analyzed the melt pool geometry of components with different features, such as depth (D), width (W), layer thickness (t), and hatch distance (h). Using the energy density equation, we correlated the effect of these process variables on the melt pool geometry and derived empirical equations. The upper limit of the process window (D/W) was strongly correlated with local applied energy and expressed as P ≤ 34Vd2. The lower limits, D/t and W/h, showed good correlation with linear energy density and laser energy density, respectively, and expressed as P > 2.16Vd and P < 0.13V. Finally, we used these empirical equations to predict the process window, which was experimentally verified.
Auto-segmentation of thoracic organs in CT scans of breast cancer patients using a 3D U-net cascaded into 2D patchGANs
Authors: Colbert Zachery Morton , Ramachandran Prabhakar 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The quality of organ volume delineation significantly influences the efficacy of radiotherapy treatment for breast cancer patients. This study introduces a novel method for auto-segmentation of the breasts, lungs and heart. The proposed pipeline leverages a multi-class 3D U-Net with a pre-trained ResNet(2+1)D-18 encoder branch, cascaded with a 2D PatchGAN mask correction model for each class. This approach requires a single 3D model, providing a relatively efficient solution. The models were trained and evaluated on 70 thoracic DICOM datasets belonging to breast cancer patients. The evaluation demonstrated state-of-the-art segmentation performance, with mean Dice similarity coefficient values ranging from 0.89 to 0.98, Hausdorff distance values ranging from 2.25 to 8.68 mm, and mean surface distance values ranging from 0.62 to 2.79 mm. These results underscore the pipeline’s potential to enhance breast cancer diagnosis and treatment strategies, with possible applications in other medical sectors utilizing auto-segmentation.
Presheath formation and area design limit satellite-based Langmuir probes
Authors: JIN 靳 Chenyao 琛垚 , YIP 叶 Chi-Shung 孜崇 , SUN 孙 Haigang 海岗 , JIANG 江 Di 堤 , ZHANG 张 Wei 炜 , XU 徐 Guosheng 国盛 , WANG 王 Liang 亮 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this article, the effect of the finite conductive surface area of a satellite on the use of satellite-based Langmuir probes is reviewed in light of the basic theory of asymmetric double Langmuir probes (ADLPs). Recent theoretical and experimental studies have discussed electron sheath/presheath formation and the electron Bohm criterion along with their implications for satellite-based Langmuir probes. The effects predicted by the latest theory of the electron Bohm criterion were not experimentally observed and the experimental results remain supportive of a critical area ratio (A
L/A
S)crit = (m
i/(2.3m
e))1/2 between the probe area A
S and the satellite area A
L as conventionally believed. A satellite-based Langmuir probe must satisfy this criterion to physically act as a single Langmuir probe. However, experimental investigations also found that high-energy electrons adversely affect (A
L/A
S)crit and a Langmuir probe’s signal quality by giving additional electron current to A
L. Based on these results, a number of limitations of the maximum probe area are derived when designing satellite-based Langmuir probes, with consideration of both the aim of the satellite and the plasma where the satellite-based probe works. These proposed measures are expected to only partially alleviate the effect of the inadequate satellite surface area on the application of satellite-based Langmuir probes. Using a larger satellite to carry a Langmuir probe remains the most viable means to obtain precise space plasma parameters.
circRNA-sponging: a pipeline for extensive analysis of circRNA expression and their role in miRNA sponging
Authors: Hoffmann Markus , Schwartz Leon , Ciora Octavia-Andreea , Trummer Nico , Willruth Lina-Liv , Jankowski Jakub , Lee Hye Kyung , Baumbach Jan , Furth Priscilla A , Hennighausen Lothar , List Markus 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) often associated with diseases and considered potential biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment. Among other functions, circRNAs have been shown to act as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, preventing the role of miRNAs that repress their targets. However, there is no pipeline to systematically assess the sponging potential of circRNAs.

Results
We developed circRNA-sponging, a nextflow pipeline that (i) identifies circRNAs via backsplicing junctions detected in RNA-seq data, (ii) quantifies their expression values in relation to their linear counterparts spliced from the same gene, (iii) performs differential expression analysis, (iv) identifies and quantifies miRNA expression from miRNA-sequencing (miRNA-seq) data, (v) predicts miRNA binding sites on circRNAs, (vi) systematically investigates potential circRNA–miRNA sponging events, (vii) creates a network of competing endogenous RNAs and (viii) identifies potential circRNA biomarkers. We showed the functionality of the circRNA-sponging pipeline using RNA sequencing data from brain tissues, where we identified two distinct types of circRNAs characterized by a specific ratio of the number of the binding site to the length of the transcript. The circRNA-sponging pipeline is the first end-to-end pipeline to identify circRNAs and their sponging systematically with raw total RNA-seq and miRNA-seq files, allowing us to better indicate the functional impact of circRNAs as a routine aspect in transcriptomic research.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/biomedbigdata/circRNA-sponging.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
Do New Policies Influence Practice? A Qualitative Study of Practice and Change in Relation to the New Welsh Child Sexual Exploitation Guidance
Authors: Webb Matthew , Forrester Donald , Usubillaga Juan , Diaz Clive 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Child Sexual Exploitation (CSE) is a relatively new term within policy and practice. Whilst policy responses have shifted from criminalisation to recognising CSE as child abuse, a review of the 2011 Child Sexual Exploitation Guidance commissioned by the Welsh Government found a growing, yet limited, understanding of CSE in professional contexts. In this article, we explore practitioners’ perceptions of how they work with young people experiencing, or at risk of, CSE and whether they believe the new Welsh CSE Guidance is effectively implemented in their practice. This small-scale qualitative study utilised small group interviews and semi-structured interviews to explore the perspectives of twelve participants in the initial phase of the guidance release. A thematic analysis of the data demonstrates a lack of professional awareness of the new Welsh CSE guidance, raising questions surrounding implementation efficacy. These findings highlight the complexity of implementation, illustrating a need for manageable caseloads and supportive cultures, which policymakers, senior management and front line managers need to be aware of. Clear and effective implementation strategies that consider these factors, pre- and post-release, are required to improve implementation efficacy in supporting best practice.
The Role of Demographics, Professional Quality of Life and Public Image in Social Workers’ Self-Esteem
Authors: Kagan Maya , Melamed-Biran Lior 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Professional self-esteem refers to the importance that individuals attribute to their profession. It plays an important role in many personal and work-related aspects in the life of social workers (SWs). The purpose of the current study was to examine the contribution of select demographic variables (gender, length of professional experience and satisfaction with pay), variables related to professional quality of life (secondary traumatic stress, burnout and compassion satisfaction) and SWs’ view of their public image, to explaining their professional self-esteem. The data for this study were collected using structured online questionnaires administered to a convenience sample of 350 SWs in Israel. A three-step hierarchical regression was conducted to examine the contribution of independent variables to explaining SWs’ professional self-esteem. The findings show that SWs with greater professional experience, higher satisfaction with pay, higher compassion satisfaction, lower self-reported burnout and a more positive view of their public image reported higher professional self-esteem. Yet, gender and secondary traumatic stress did not contribute to explaining SWs’ professional self-esteem. Hence, to improve the professional self-esteem of SWs, efforts must be made to improve their professional quality of life and public image.
Ribonucleicacid interference or small molecule inhibition ofRunx1 in the border zone prevents cardiac contractile dysfunction following myocardial infarction
Authors: Martin Tamara P , MacDonald Eilidh A , Bradley Ashley , Watson Holly , Saxena Priyanka , Rog-Zielinska Eva A , Raheem Anmar , Fisher Simon , Elbassioni Ali Ali Mohamed , Almuzaini Ohood , Booth Catriona , Campbell Morna , Riddell Alexandra , Herzyk Pawel , Blyth Karen , Nixon Colin , Zentilin Lorena , Berry Colin , Braun Thomas , Giacca Mauro , McBride Martin W , Nicklin Stuart A , Cameron Ewan R , Loughrey Christopher M 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimsMyocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause of death worldwide. Effective treatments are required to improve recovery of cardiac function following MI, with the aim of improving patient outcomes and preventing progression to heart failure. The perfused but hypocontractile region bordering an infarct is functionally distinct from the remote surviving myocardium and is a determinant of adverse remodelling and cardiac contractility. Expression of the transcription factor RUNX1 is increased in the border zone 1-day after MI, suggesting potential for targeted therapeutic intervention.ObjectiveThis study sought to investigate whether an increase in RUNX1 in the border zone can be therapeutically targeted to preserve contractility following MI.Methods and resultsIn this work we demonstrate that Runx1 drives reductions in cardiomyocyte contractility, calcium handling, mitochondrial density, and expression of genes important for oxidative phosphorylation. Both tamoxifen-inducible Runx1-deficient and essential co-factor common β subunit (Cbfβ)-deficient cardiomyocyte-specific mouse models demonstrated that antagonizing RUNX1 function preserves the expression of genes important for oxidative phosphorylation following MI. Antagonizing RUNX1 expression via short-hairpin RNA interference preserved contractile function following MI. Equivalent effects were obtained with a small molecule inhibitor (Ro5-3335) that reduces RUNX1 function by blocking its interaction with CBFβ.ConclusionsOur results confirm the translational potential of RUNX1 as a novel therapeutic target in MI, with wider opportunities for use across a range of cardiac diseases where RUNX1 drives adverse cardiac remodelling.
Influence of varieties of hemp, Cannabis sativa (Rosales: Cannabaceae), and fertilization rates on damage caused by corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Cosner Julian B , Grant Jerome F 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Industrial hemp, Cannabis sativa L., production has been negatively impacted by larvae of corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), which feed on developing inflorescences. Adult H. zea oviposit on hemp once flowers develop, and late-instar larvae can cause serious loss to both quality and yield. A 2-year study to assess the influence of hemp variety and fertilization practices on damage caused by H. zea was conducted. Differences in damage ratings among varieties were observed in both years; however, the rate of nitrogen applied did not influence biomass yield or damage rating. These results indicate that increasing nitrogen fertility may not be an effective means of cultural control for mitigating damage from H. zea. Floral maturity was very influential on damage caused by H. zea as late-maturing varieties had much less floral injury than those which matured early in outdoor field trials. Some cannabinoids were also correlated to damage rating, but this relationship was due to late-maturing plants with immature flowers low in cannabinoid concentrations receiving less floral injury. Based on these results, the selection of high-yielding varieties that flower when ovipositional activity of H. zea is expected to decline should be the first step in an integrated pest management program for hemp production. This research expanded our knowledge of the role of fertility rate, varietal characteristics, cannabinoid profile, and floral maturity on damage caused by H. zea to hemp. Findings from this research will allow growers to make more informed agronomic decisions before planting to improve hemp production.
Comparing the utility of clinical risk scores and integrated clinical judgement in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Meier Mario , Boeddinghaus Jasper , Nestelberger Thomas , Koechlin Luca , Lopez-Ayala Pedro , Wussler Desiree , Walter Joan Elias , Zimmermann Tobias , Badertscher Patrick , Wildi Karin , Giménez Maria Rubini , Puelacher Christian , Glarner Noemi , Magni Jan , Miró Òscar , Martin-Sanchez Francisco Javier , Kawecki Damian , Keller Dagmar I , Gualandro Danielle M , Twerenbold Raphael , Nickel Christian H , Bingisser Roland , Mueller Christian ,   for the APACE investigators
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Aims
The utility of clinical risk scores regarding the prediction of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) is uncertain. We aimed to directly compare the prognostic performance of five established clinical risk scores as well as an unstructured integrated clinical judgement (ICJ) of the treating emergency department (ED) physician.

Methods and results
Thirty-day MACE including all-cause death, life-threatening arrhythmia, cardiogenic shock, acute myocardial infarction (including the index event), and unstable angina requiring urgent coronary revascularization were centrally adjudicated by two independent cardiologists in patients presenting to the ED with acute chest discomfort in an international multicentre study. We compared the prognostic performance of the HEART score, GRACE score, T-MACS, TIMI score, and EDACS, as well as the unstructured ICJ of the treating ED physician (visual analogue scale to estimate the probability of acute coronary syndrome, ranging from 0 to 100). Among 4551 eligible patients, 1110/4551 patients (24.4%) had at least one MACE within 30 days. Prognostic accuracy was high and comparable for the HEART score, GRACE score, T-MACS, and ICJ [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) 0.85–0.87] but significantly lower and only moderate for the TIMI score (AUC 0.79, P &lt; 0.001) and EDACS (AUC 0.74, P &lt; 0.001), resulting in sensitivities for the rule-out of 30-day MACE of 93–96, 87 (P &lt; 0.001), and 72% (P &lt; 0.001), respectively.

Conclusion
The HEART score, GRACE score, T-MACS, and unstructured ICJ of the treating physician, not the TIMI score or EDACS, performed well for the prediction of 30-day MACE and may be considered for routine clinical use.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00470587
Implementation of a screening and management pathway for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: van der Velden Rachel M J , Hereijgers Maartje J M , Arman Nazia , van Middendorp Naomi , Franssen Frits M E , Gawalko Monika , Verhaert Dominique V M , Habibi Zarina , Vernooy Kevin , Koltowski Lukasz , Hendriks Jeroen M , Heidbuchel Hein , Desteghe Lien , Simons Sami O , Linz Dominik 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Aims
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) negatively impacts the efficacy of heart rhythm control treatments in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Although COPD is recognized as a risk factor for AF, practical guidance about how and when to screen for COPD is not available. Herein, we describe the implementation of an integrated screening and management pathway for COPD into the existing pre-ablation work-up in an AF outpatient clinic infrastructure.

Methods and results
Consecutive unselected patients accepted for AF catheter ablation in the Maastricht University Medical Center+ were prospectively screened for airflow limitation using handheld (micro)spirometry at the pre-ablation outpatient clinic supervised by an AF nurse. Patients with results suggestive of airflow limitation were offered referral to the pulmonologist. Handheld (micro)spirometry was performed in 232 AF patients, which provided interpretable results in 206 (88.8%) patients. Airflow limitation was observed in 47 patients (20.3%). Out of these 47 patients, 29 (62%) opted for referral to the pulmonologist. The primary reason for non-referral was low perceived symptom burden. Using this screening strategy 17 (out of 232; 7.3%) ultimately received a diagnosis of chronic respiratory disease, either COPD or asthma.

Conclusion
A COPD care pathway can successfully be embedded in an existing AF outpatient clinic infrastructure, using (micro)spirometry and remote analysis of results. Although one out of five patients had results suggestive of an underlying chronic respiratory disease, only 62% of these patients opted for a referral. Pre-selection of patients as well as patient education might increase the diagnostic yield and requires further research.
Arrhythmogenic vulnerability of re-entrant pathways in post-infarct ventricular tachycardia assessed by advanced computational modelling
Authors: Bhagirath Pranav , Campos Fernando O , Postema Pieter G , Kemme Michiel J B , Wilde Arthur A M , Prassl Anton J , Neic Aurel , Rinaldi Christopher A , Götte Marco J W , Plank Gernot , Bishop Martin J 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Aims
Substrate assessment of scar-mediated ventricular tachycardia (VT) is frequently performed using late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) images. Although this provides structural information about critical pathways through the scar, assessing the vulnerability of these pathways for sustaining VT is not possible with imaging alone.
This study evaluated the performance of a novel automated re-entrant pathway finding algorithm to non-invasively predict VT circuit and inducibility.

Methods
Twenty post-infarct VT-ablation patients were included for retrospective analysis. Commercially available software (ADAS3D left ventricular) was used to generate scar maps from 2D-LGE images using the default 40–60 pixel-signal-intensity (PSI) threshold. In addition, algorithm sensitivity for altered thresholds was explored using PSI 45–55, 35–65, and 30–70. Simulations were performed on the Virtual Induction and Treatment of Arrhythmias (VITA) framework to identify potential sites of block and assess their vulnerability depending on the automatically computed round-trip-time (RTT). Metrics, indicative of substrate complexity, were correlated with VT-recurrence during follow-up.

Results
Total VTs (85 ± 43 vs. 42 ± 27) and unique VTs (9 ± 4 vs. 5 ± 4) were significantly higher in patients with- compared to patients without recurrence, and were predictive of recurrence with area under the curve of 0.820 and 0.770, respectively. VITA was robust to scar threshold variations with no significant impact on total and unique VTs, and mean RTT between the four models. Simulation metrics derived from PSI 45–55 model had the highest number of parameters predictive for post-ablation VT-recurrence.

Conclusion
Advanced computational metrics can non-invasively and robustly assess VT substrate complexity, which may aid personalized clinical planning and decision-making in the treatment of post-infarction VT.