bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of endosonography in cardiology: case series and literature review
Authors: Elhakim Abdelrahman , Karkour Kawther , Sauter Philip , Rode Michael , Elhakim Mohamed , Radke Peter W , Saad Mohammed 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Aims
Endosonography (EUS) is the diagnostic tool with the highest resolution for the local staging of gastrointestinal tumours and, due to the detailed visualization of the wall layers, is recommended in current guidelines for cancer management. In addition, an endoscope has an ultrasound tip design and balloon insufflation control design, and a 120° bending mechanism to deflect the endoscope tip. These advantages could be beneficial and valuable while investigating the cardiovascular structures during routine gastrointestinal procedures using this diagnostic tool.

Methods and results
We present six cases of incidentally diagnosed cardiac pathologies (pulmonary thromboembolism of the main pulmonary artery, patent foramen oval with right to left shunt under Valsalva, left atrial appendage thrombus, aortic dissection, moderate aortic valve stenosis, mitral and aortic valve endocarditis) during routine gastrointestinal endosonographic procedures. These diagnoses influenced changes in management strategies in four cases.

Conclusion
The introduction of EUS in cardiovascular medicine allows for a real-time high-resolution assessment of cardiovascular structures and allows early detection of silent cardiac pathologies during routine gastrointestinal procedures. It is the diagnostic tool with the highest resolution for accurate definition of variable gastrointestinal anatomy. Thus, help for accurate definitions of cardiovascular anatomy and pathology, which could influence optimal management strategies with improved safety, efficacy, and economic outcomes.
Rethinking International Law: A TWAIL Retrospective
Authors: Anghie Antony 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This EJIL Foreword is a personal retrospective of the Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL) movement. It provides an account of the origins of TWAIL and the political and intellectual context in which it emerged during the 1990s. It outlines some of the key themes and concerns of TWAIL – including ‘colonial continuities’, ‘capitalism, imperialism and political economy’, and ‘TWAIL and History’. It argues that the distinction between the ‘First’ and ‘Third’ Worlds continues to be relevant by examining the operation of this distinction in various fields of international law, such as the use of force, international migration law and human rights. The Foreword then outlines two of the author’s current research projects on themes that have been of major interest to TWAIL scholars: first, human rights and their relationship to imperialism; and second, race and reparations. The Foreword concludes by arguing that ‘Third World Approaches to International Law’ are relevant, not simply for the ‘third world’, but for the entire globe; it urges us to consider TWAIL as a cosmopolitan project.
Insulin resistance drives cognitive impairment in hypertensive pre-diabetic frail elders: the CENTENNIAL study
Authors: Mone Pasquale , De Gennaro Stefano , Moriello Divina , Frullone Salvatore , D’Amelio Rosa , Ferrante Mario Nicola Vittorio , Marro Anna , Santulli Gaetano 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Aims
Pre-diabetes is a condition that confers an increased cardiovascular risk. Frailty is very common in hypertensive patients, and insulin resistance has been linked to frailty in older adults with diabetes. On these grounds, our aim was to evaluate the association between insulin resistance and cognitive impairment in hypertensive and pre-diabetic and frail older adults.

Methods and results
We studied consecutive pre-diabetic and hypertensive elders with frailty presenting at the Avellino local health authority of the Italian Ministry of Health (ASL AV) from March 2021 to March 2022. All of them fulfilled the following inclusion criteria: a previous diagnosis of hypertension with no clinical or laboratory evidence of secondary causes, a confirmed diagnosis of pre-diabetes, age &gt;65 years, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) Score &lt;26, and frailty. We enrolled 178 frail patients, of which 141 successfully completed the study. We observed a strong inverse correlation (r = −0.807; P &lt; 0.001) between MoCA Score and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). The results were confirmed by a linear regression analysis using MoCA Score as dependent variable, after adjusting for several potential confounders.

Conclusion
Taken together, our data highlight for the first time the association between insulin resistance and global cognitive function in frail elders with hypertension and pre-diabetes.
On aging and age-specific effects of spontaneous mutations
Authors: Shenoi Vinesh N , Mital Avani , Brengdahl Martin I , Abson Katie , Henderson Gina , Maxwell Melody , Berger David , Friberg Urban 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEvolutionary theory assumes that mutations that cause aging either have beneficial early-life effects that gradually become deleterious with advancing age (antagonistic pleiotropy [AP]) or that they only have deleterious effects at old age (mutation accumulation [MA]). Mechanistically, aging is predicted to result from damage accumulating in the soma. While this scenario is compatible with AP, it is not immediately obvious how damage would accumulate under MA. In a modified version of the MA theory, it has been suggested that mutations with weakly deleterious effects at young age can also contribute to aging, if they generate damage that gradually accumulates with age. Mutations with increasing deleterious effects have recently gained support from theoretical work and studies of large-effect mutations. Here we address if spontaneous mutations also have negative effects that increase with age. We accumulate mutations with early-life effects in Drosophila melanogaster across 27 generations and compare their relative effects on fecundity early and late in life. Our mutation accumulation lines on average have substantially lower early-life fecundity compared to controls. These effects were further maintained throughout life, but they did not increase with age. Our results suggest that most spontaneous mutations do not contribute to damage accumulation and aging.
Comparative transcriptomics and genomics from continuous axenic media growth identifiesCoxiella burnetiiintracellular survival strategies
Authors: Yadav Archana , Brewer Melissa N , Elshahed Mostafa S , Shaw Edward I 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCoxiella burnetii (Cb) is an obligate intracellular pathogen in nature and the causative agent of acute Q fever as well as chronic diseases. In an effort to identify genes and proteins crucial to their normal intracellular growth lifestyle, we applied a ‘reverse evolution’ approach where the avirulent Nine Mile Phase II strain of Cb was grown for 67 passages in chemically defined ACCM-D media and gene expression patterns and genome integrity from various passages was compared to passage number one following intracellular growth. Transcriptomic analysis identified a marked downregulation of the structural components of the type 4B secretion system (T4BSS), the general secretory (Sec) pathway, as well as 14 out of 118 previously identified genes encoding effector proteins. Additional downregulated pathogenicity determinants genes included several chaperones, LPS, and peptidoglycan biosynthesis. A general marked downregulation of central metabolic pathways was also observed, which was balanced by a marked upregulation of genes encoding transporters. This pattern reflected the richness of the media and diminishing anabolic, and ATP-generation needs. Finally, genomic sequencing and comparative genomic analysis demonstrated an extremely low level of mutation across passages, despite the observed Cb gene expression changes following acclimation to axenic media.
Evo-Devo Mechanobiology: The Missing Link
Authors: Loffet Elise A , Durel John F , Nerurkar Nandan L 
Published: May 2023

Synopsis
While the modern framework of evolutionary development (evo-devo) has been decidedly genetic, historic analyses have also considered the importance of mechanics in the evolution of form. With the aid of recent technological advancements in both quantifying and perturbing changes in the molecular and mechanical effectors of organismal shape, how molecular and genetic cues regulate the biophysical aspects of morphogenesis is becoming increasingly well studied. As a result, this is an opportune time to consider how the tissue-scale mechanics that underlie morphogenesis are acted upon through evolution to establish morphological diversity. Such a focus will enable a field of evo-devo mechanobiology that will serve to better elucidate the opaque relations between genes and forms by articulating intermediary physical mechanisms. Here, we review how the evolution of shape is measured and related to genetics, how recent strides have been made in the dissection of developmental tissue mechanics, and how we expect these areas to coalesce in evo-devo studies in the future.
Compensatory mortality explains rodent resilience to an invasive predator
Authors: McCampbell Marina E , Hunter Margaret E , Stechly John V , Leist Kaitlyn N , Hart Kristen , McCleery Robert A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Invasive Burmese pythons (Python bivittatus) in the Everglades of Florida, United States, have drastically reduced populations of mammals, yet populations of some rodents appear unaffected by the invasion. To understand this pattern, we radio-tagged cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) in areas of high and low python occurrence densities (hereafter occurrence) and quantified the effects of python occurrence, seasonality, and sex on their survival and cause-specific mortality. Cotton rat survival was not influenced by difference in python occurrence (hazard ratio = 1.32, 95% CI = 0.77–2.26, P = 0.30). However, cotton rats were at greater risk from mortalities caused by mammals in areas of low python occurrence. In areas with elevated python occurrence, we attributed most cotton rat mortalities to birds of prey (48.6%) and reptiles (non-python = 24.3%, python = 16.2%). Where python occurrence was relatively low, we attributed cotton rat mortalities to native reptilian (28.6%), avian (35.7%), and mammalian predators (35.7%) with no python-related deaths. In total, pythons were responsible for 11.8% of all cotton rat mortalities. Finding no difference in the survival of cotton rats, despite differences in the causative agents of mortality, suggests that predation pressure from an invasive predator was compensatory for cotton rat population dynamics. This type of compensatory mortality is common for small mammals and helps explain why mammal communities in python-invaded portions of the Greater Everglades Ecosystem are increasingly dominated by cotton rats and other rodents.
The ICJ judgment on Nicaragua v Colombia (2022): applying an established jurisdictional test or a problematic invention?
Authors: Ganesan Pranav , Guardiola Laia Roxane 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In April 2022, the ICJ pronounced its judgments on the merits in Alleged Violations of Sovereign Rights and Maritime Spaces in the Caribbean Sea (Nicaragua v Colombia). While the judgment makes interesting contributions to the law of the sea jurisprudence, the Court’s problematic finding on jurisdiction ratione temporis is the subject of this paper. Applying what it refers to as ‘continuity’ and ‘connexity’ criteria, it found that Colombia’s withdrawal from the Pact of Bogotá would not prevent it from considering facts submitted by Nicaragua which arose after the Pact ceased to be in force for Colombia. An in-depth analysis of the jurisprudence the judgment referred to reveals that the Court was building on convoluted cases, some of which have conflated questions of jurisdiction and admissibility. Based on the Court’s jurisprudence, this paper argues for a more systematic approach to dealing with preliminary issues arising from new claims and submissions.
Coups and the End of Mass-Killing Episodes
Authors: Uzonyi Gary , Wells Matthew S 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhy do mass-killing episodes end? Most attention is paid to international tools for ending atrocities. Instead, we consider how domestic politics alter the duration of killing by focusing on how divisions within the regime may lead to coups during the violence. Coups help shift regime preferences and undermine capacity to continue killings. We find support for this argument by statistically analyzing the relationship between coups and the end of each mass-killing episode from 1946 to 2013. We explore each mechanism quantitatively, and buttress these results with a series of examples illustrating the mechanisms at work.
Joint physical custody in Germany: legal framework and results of the Family Models in Germany (FAMOD) study
Authors: Helms Tobias , Steinbach Anja , Augustijn Lara 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Only since a landmark decision by the Federal Court of Justice on 1 February 2017 has it been clear that family courts in Germany can order symmetric joint physical custody against the will of one parent. The prerequisite is that this solution is in the child’s best interests. This article analyses which criteria have been used by courts to order this physical custody arrangement since the decision. It also presents the results of the Family Models in Germany (FAMOD) study, which the authors conducted in Germany by interviewing a total of 1,554 families to investigate the living conditions of children cared for in joint physical custody care arrangements. Joint physical custody children were compared to children growing up in sole physical custody arrangements. Results show that joint physical custody can be a good solution for parents who succeed in keeping interparental conflict away from their children and reach an amicable agreement on the care of their children after separation. However, the advantages of joint physical custody were more apparent for children in the age group of 7–14 years than for younger children in the age group of 2–6 years. Furthermore, asymmetric joint physical custody seemed to have more positive effects on children’s well-being than symmetric joint physical custody.
Revisiting the Dragonfly galaxy – I. High-resolution ALMA and VLA observations of the radio hotspots in a hyper-luminous infrared galaxy at z = 1.92
Authors: Zhong Yuxing , Inoue Akio K , Sugahara Yuma , Morokuma-Matsui Kana , Komugi Shinya , Kaneko Hiroyuki , Fudamoto Yoshinobu 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Radio-loud active galactic nuclei (RLAGNs) are rare among AGN populations. Lacking high-resolution and high-frequency observations, their structure and evolution stages are not well understood at high redshifts. In this work, we report Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array 237 GHz continuum observation at 0.023 arcsec resolution and Very Large Array (VLA) 44 GHz continuum observation at 0.08 arcsec resolution of the radio continuum emission from a high-redshift radio and hyper-luminous infrared galaxy at z = 1.92. The new observations confirm the South-East (SE) and North-West (NW) hotspots identified by previous low-resolution VLA observations at 4.7 and 8.2 GHz and identify a radio core undetected in all previous observations. The SE hotspot has a higher flux density than the NW one does by a factor of 6, suggesting that there can be a Doppler boosting effect in the SE one. In this scenario, we estimate the advance speed of the jet head, ranging from ∼0.1c to 0.3c, which yields a mildly relativistic case. The projected linear distance between the two hotspots is ∼13 kpc, yielding a linear size (≤20 kpc) of a compact-steep-spectrum (CSS) source. Combined with new high-frequency (νobs ≥ 44 GHz) and archived low-frequency observations (νobs ≤ 8.2 GHz), we find that injection spectra of both NW and SE hotspots can be fitted with a continuous injection (CI) model. Based on the CI model, the synchrotron ages of NW and SE hotspots have an order of 105 yr, consistent with the order of magnitude 103–105 yr observed in CSS sources associated with radio AGNs at an early evolution stage. The CI model also favours the scenario in which the double hotspots have experienced a quiescent phase, suggesting that this RLAGN may have transient or intermittent activities.
Testing the cosmological principle: on the time dilation of distant sources
Authors: Oayda Oliver T , Lewis Geraint F 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
We present a novel test of the cosmological principle: the idea that, on sufficiently large scales, the Universe should appear homogeneous and isotropic to observers comoving with the Hubble flow. This is a fundamental assumption in modern cosmology, underpinning the use of the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric as part of the concordance ΛCDM paradigm. However, the observed dipole imprinted on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is interpreted as our departure from the Hubble flow, and such a proper motion will induce a directionally-dependent time dilation over the sky. We illustrate the feasibility of detection of this ‘time dilation dipole’ and sketch the practical steps involved in its extraction from a catalogue of sources with intrinsic time-scales. In essence, whilst the scale of this dilation is small, being of the order of 0.1 per cent, it will in principle be detectable in large-scale surveys of variable cosmological sources, such as quasars and supernovae. The degree of alignment of the time dilation dipole with the kinematic dipole derived from the CMB will provide a new assessment of the cosmological principle and address the tension in dipole measures from other observations.
Growing evidence for high-energy neutrinos originating in radio blazars
Authors: Plavin A V , Kovalev Y Y , Kovalev Yu A , Troitsky S V 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Evidence for bright-radio blazars being high-energy neutrino sources was found in recent years. However, specifics of how and where these particles get produced still need to be determined. In this paper, we add 14 new IceCube events from 2020–2022 to update our analysis of the neutrino-blazars connection. We test and refine earlier findings by utilizing the total of 71 track-like high-energy IceCube events from 2009–2022. We correlate them with the complete sample of 3412 extragalactic radio sources selected by their compact radio emission. We demonstrate that neutrinos are statistically associated with radio-bright blazars with a post-trial p-value of 3 · 10−4. In addition to this statistical study, we confirm previous individual neutrino-blazar associations, find and discuss several new ones. Notably, PKS 1741 − 038 was selected earlier and had a second neutrino detected from its direction in 2022; PKS 0735 + 168 has experienced a major flare across the whole electromagnetic spectrum coincidently with a neutrino arrival from that direction in 2021.
The late time optical evolution of twelve core-collapse supernovae: detection of normal stellar winds
Authors: Rizzo Smith M , Kochanek C S , Neustadt J M M 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
We analyse the late time evolution of 12 supernovae (SNe) occurring over the last ∼41 yr, including nine Type IIP/L, two IIb, and one Ib/c, using UBVR optical data from the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) and difference imaging. We see late time (5–42 yr) emission from nine of the eleven Type II SNe (eight Type IIP/L, one IIb). We consider radioactive decay, circumstellar medium (CSM) interactions, pulsar/engine driven emission, dust echoes, and shock perturbed binary companions as possible sources of emission. The observed emission is most naturally explained as CSM interactions with the normal stellar winds of red supergiants with mass-loss rates in the range −7.9 ≲ log10(M⊙ yr−1) ≲ −4.8. We also place constraints on the presence of any shock heated binary companion to the Type Ib/c SN 2012fh and provide progenitor photometry for the Type IIb SN 2011dh, the only one of the six SNe with pre-explosion LBT observations where the SN has faded sufficiently to allow the measurement. The results are consistent with measurements from pre-explosion Hubble Space Telescope images.
GSK-3484862 targets DNMT1 for degradation in cells
Authors: Chen Qin , Liu Bigang , Zeng Yang , Hwang Jee Won , Dai Nan , Corrêa Ivan R , Estecio Marcos R , Zhang Xing , Santos Margarida A , Chen Taiping , Cheng Xiaodong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Maintenance of genomic methylation patterns at DNA replication forks by DNMT1 is the key to faithful mitotic inheritance. DNMT1 is often overexpressed in cancer cells and the DNA hypomethylating agents azacytidine and decitabine are currently used in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. However, the toxicity of these cytidine analogs and their ineffectiveness in treating solid tumors have limited wider clinical use. GSK-3484862 is a newly-developed, dicyanopyridine containing, non-nucleoside DNMT1-selective inhibitor with low cellular toxicity. Here, we show that GSK-3484862 targets DNMT1 for protein degradation in both cancer cell lines and murine embryonic stem cells (mESCs). DNMT1 depletion was rapid, taking effect within hours following GSK-3484862 treatment, leading to global hypomethylation. Inhibitor-induced DNMT1 degradation was proteasome-dependent, with no discernible loss of DNMT1 mRNA. In mESCs, GSK-3484862-induced Dnmt1 degradation requires the Dnmt1 accessory factor Uhrf1 and its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. We also show that Dnmt1 depletion and DNA hypomethylation induced by the compound are reversible after its removal. Together, these results indicate that this DNMT1-selective degrader/inhibitor will be a valuable tool for dissecting coordinated events linking DNA methylation to gene expression and identifying downstream effectors that ultimately regulate cellular response to altered DNA methylation patterns in a tissue/cell-specific manner.
Separating weak integrated information theory into inspired and aspirational approaches
Authors: Leung Angus , Tsuchiya Naotsugu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Mediano et al. (The strength of weak integrated information theory. Trends Cogn Sci 2022;26: 646–55.) separate out strong and weak flavours of the integrated information theory (IIT) of consciousness. They describe ‘strong IIT’ as attempting to derive a universal formula for consciousness and ‘weak IIT’ as searching for empirically measurable correlates of aspects of consciousness. We put forward that their overall notion of ‘weak IIT’ may be too weak. Rather, it should be separated out to distinguish ‘aspirational-IIT’, which aims to empirically test IIT by making trade-offs to its proposed measures, and ‘IIT-inspired’ approaches, which adopt high-level ideas of IIT while dropping the mathematical framework it reaches through its introspective, first-principles approach to consciousness.