bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing national trend of direct-acting antiviral discontinuation among people treated for HCV 2016–2021
Authors: Carson Joanne , Barbieri Sebastiano , Matthews Gail V. , Dore Gregory J. , Hajarizadeh Behzad 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment discontinuation may negatively impact HCV elimination efforts. In Australia, DAA therapy is pharmacy dispensed, generally in 4-week amounts, with the approved duration (8–24 wk) and volume dispensed reported in pharmaceutical administrative data. This analysis assessed national HCV treatment discontinuation.

Methods:
Individuals commencing DAAs between 2016 and 2021 were assessed for treatment discontinuation. Individuals with a single dispensation of their entire treatment course were excluded. Treatment discontinuation was defined as ≥4 weeks of approved treatment duration not dispensed. Factors associated with treatment discontinuation were assessed using Cox regression. Factors associated with retreatment following treatment discontinuation were assessed using logistic regression.

Results:
Of 95,275 individuals who were treated, 88,986 were included in the analysis of whom 7532 (9%) discontinued treatment. Treatment discontinuation increased from 6% in the first half of 2016 to 15% in 2021. Longer treatment durations (vs. 8 wk) were associated with increased discontinuation risk (12 wk: adjusted HR = 3.23; 95% CI: 2.90, 3.59; p < 0.001, 16–24 wk: adjusted HR = 6.29; 95% CI: 5.55, 7.14; p < 0.001). Of individuals discontinuing treatment, 24% were retreated. Early discontinuation (4 wk treatment dispensed) increased the likelihood of retreatment (adjusted OR = 3.91; 95% CI: 3.44, 4.44; p < 0.001). Those with early discontinuation of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir 8 weeks (vs. sofosbuvir/velpatasvir 12 wk) had a lower likelihood of retreatment (adjusted OR = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.79; p < 0.001). Initial treatment discontinuation was associated with an increased risk of retreatment discontinuation (adjusted HR = 4.41; 3.85, 5.05; p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
DAA treatment discontinuation increased over time corresponding to increasing treatment uptake through primary care among people who inject drugs. The use of simplified, short-duration therapies may reduce treatment discontinuation. Access to adherence support and retreatment will be essential for HCV elimination.
Acute rejection after liver transplantation with machine perfusion versus static cold storage: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Maspero Marianna , Ali Khaled , Cazzaniga Beatrice , Yilmaz Sumeyye , Raj Roma , Liu Qiang , Quintini Cristiano , Miller Charles , Hashimoto Koji , Fairchild Robert L. , Schlegel Andrea 
Published: March 2023

Background and Aims:
Acute cellular rejection (ACR) is a frequent complication after liver transplantation. By reducing ischemia and graft damage, dynamic preservation techniques may diminish ACR. We performed a systematic review to assess the effect of currently tested organ perfusion (OP) approaches versus static cold storage (SCS) on post-transplant ACR-rates.

Approach and Results:
A systematic search of Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science was conducted. Studies reporting ACR-rates between OP and SCS and comprising at least 10 liver transplants performed with either hypothermic oxygenated perfusion (HOPE), normothermic machine perfusion, or normothermic regional perfusion were included. Studies with mixed perfusion approaches were excluded. Eight studies were identified (226 patients in OP and 330 in SCS). Six studies were on HOPE, one on normothermic machine perfusion, and one on normothermic regional perfusion. At meta-analysis, OP was associated with a reduction in ACR compared with SCS [OR: 0.55 (95% CI, 0.33–0.91), p=0.02]. This effect remained significant when considering HOPE alone [OR: 0.54 (95% CI, 0.29–1), p=0.05], in a subgroup analysis of studies including only grafts from donation after cardiac death [OR: 0.43 (0.20–0.91) p=0.03], and in HOPE studies with only donation after cardiac death grafts [OR: 0.37 (0.14–1), p=0.05].

Conclusions:
Dynamic OP techniques are associated with a reduction in ACR after liver transplantation compared with SCS. PROSPERO registration: CRD42022348356.
THE WAY PATIENTS SEE FLOATERS
Authors: Ngo Wei Kiong , Keshet Yariv , Salcedo-Ledesma Alfredo , Walia Jay , Ledesma-Gil Gerardo , Spaide Richard F. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose:
To investigate the use of dynamic widefield scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) and B-scan ultrasonography in imaging vitreous abnormalities in patients with complaints of floaters.

Methods:
Twenty-one patients underwent both dynamic SLO and B-scan ultrasonography to image their vitreous abnormalities. After reviewing these videos, patients graded each imaging technique on a scale of 1 to 10, based on how closely it represented their visual perception of floaters.

Results:
The mean age of the patients (12 women and nine men) was 47.7 ± 18.5 years. The patients graded a median score of nine for SLO imaging (mean = 8.43) compared with a median score of 5 (mean = 4.95) for ultrasound (P = 0.001). Widefield SLO imaging demonstrated three-dimensional interconnectivity within the condensations of the formed vitreous that exhibited translational and rotational movements with eye saccades.

Conclusion:
Floaters are a common complaint, but it is difficult to know whether imaging findings of the vitreous correlate to what patients perceive. Widefield SLO seems to image vitreous abnormalities related to how patients perceive their own floaters better than B-scan ultrasonography. Despite the term “floaters”, the vitreous abnormalities in the videos seemed to be manifestations of a complex three-dimensional degeneration of the vitreous framework.
Association of ocular perfusion pressure and cerebrospinal fluid pressure with changes in diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Lin Zhong , Li Dong , Wen Liang , Wang Yu , Wang Feng Hua , Liang Yuan Bo 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose:
To investigate the association between mean ocular perfusion pressure (MOPP), estimated cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP), and changes in diabetic retinopathy (DR) in a Northeastern Chinese population with type 2 diabetes.

Methods:
A total of 1322 subjects from the Fushun Diabetic Retinopathy Cohort Study were enrolled. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and intraocular pressure (IOP) were recorded. MOPP was calculated by the following formula: MOPP = 2/3 [DBP + 1/3 (SBP − DBP)] – IOP, and CSFP was estimated according to the following formula: CSFP = 0.44 × body mass index + 0.16 × DBP − 0.18 × age − 1.91. New development, progression, and regression of DR were graded based on fundus photographs at baseline and during follow-up examinations with a mean interval of 21.2 months using the modified Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study criteria.

Results:
Increasing MOPP was associated with the incidence of DR in the multivariate model (per 1-mmHg increase: relative risk [RR], 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–1.10; P = 0.007) and showed a borderline negative association with DR regression (per 1-mmHg increase: RR [95% CI]: 0.98 [0.97–1.00], P = 0.053). However, MOPP was not associated with progression of DR. CSFP was not associated with new development, progression, or regression of DR.

Conclusion:
The MOPP, but not the CSFP, was found to influence the development but not the progression of DR in this Northeastern Chinese cohort.
Scleral Suture Intraocular Lens Fixation under Microscope–Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Shi Jiemei , Cheng Tongjie , Zhao Hongmei , Fan Jinyu , Jiang Tianliang , Tang Ning , Li Yunyao , Wu Kaicheng , Shi Guohua , Jiang Chunhui 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the accessibility and potential value of intraoperative optical coherence tomography (iOCT) during scleral suture intraocular lens (IOL) fixation.

Methods:
This was a prospective cohort study in the Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, China. Seven eyes with insufficient capsular support and undergoing two-point scleral suture IOL fixation were included. The potential value of iOCT was evaluated, as well as the safety and efficacy of the surgery.

Results:
Seven eyes were included. With a tailor-made iOCT, the structure of the anterior segment could be clearly visualised during the surgery. Intraoperatively, iOCT helped locate the proper place for fixation and access the position of the IOL. After an average 4.43-month follow-up, the spherical equivalent changed significantly (P < 0.001), but the intraocular pressure, best-corrected visual acuity, and endothelial cell density remained unchanged (P > 0.05). The IOL was well-centered with a horizontal and vertical tilt of 0.74 ± 0.60° and 1.13 ± 0.65°, and decentration of 0.28 ± 0.12 mm and 0.30 ± 0.13 mm. The estimated IOL-induced astigmatism was -0.11 dioptres (D) ± 0.46 D.

Conclusion:
Real-time high-resolution images of the anterior segment acquired by the iOCT helped the surgeon to achieve satisfactory results in scleral suture IOL fixation.
Adenotonsillectomy-related changes in systemic inflammation among children with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Huang Chung-Guei , Hsu Jen-Fu , Chuang Li-Pang , Li Hsueh-Yu , Fang Tuan-Jen , Huang Yu-Shu , Yang Albert C. , Lee Guo-She , Kuo Terry B.J. , Yang Cheryl C.H. , Lee Li-Ang , Chuang Hai-Hua 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Adenotonsillar hypertrophy is the most common cause of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Although adenotonsillectomy considerably reduces OSA and systemic inflammation, whether and how systemic inflammation influences the effects of adenotonsillectomy on OSA has yet to be determined.

Methods:
This study investigated the associations between changes in anatomical variables, % changes in subjective OSA-18 questionnaire scores, % changes in 11 polysomnographic parameters, and % changes in 27 systemic inflammatory biomarkers in 74 children with OSA.

Results:
Fifty-six (75.6%) boys and 18 (24.4%) girls with the mean age of 7.4 ± 2.2 years and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of 14.2 ± 15.9 events/h were included in the statistical analysis. The mean period between before and after adenotonsillectomy was 5.6 ± 2.6 months. After adenotonsillectomy, the OSA-18 score, eight of 11 polysomnographic parameters, and 20 of 27 inflammatory biomarkers significantly improved (all p < 0.005). Notably, there were significant associations between change in tonsil size and % change in AHI (r = 0.23), change in tonsil size and % changes in interleukin-8 (IL-8) (r = 0.34), change in tonsil size and % change in and IL-10 (r = -0.36), % change in IL-8 and % change in C-C chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) (r = 0.30), and % change in CCL5 and % change in AHI (r = 0.38) (all p < 0.005). Interestingly, % change in IL-8 and % change in CCL5 serially mediated the relationship between change in tonsil size and % change in AHI (total effect: β = 16.672, standard error = 8.274, p = 0.048).

Conclusion:
These preliminary findings suggest that systemic inflammation is not only a complication of OSA but also that it mediates the surgical effects, which may open avenues for potential interventions to reduce tonsil size and OSA severity through the regulation of IL-8 and CCL5.
Bosnian Paternal War Orphans
Authors: Kravić Nermina , Pajević Izet , Hasanović Mevludin , Karahasanović Nejla , Voracek Martin , Baca-Garcia Enrique , Dervic Kanita 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
More research on the medium- and long-term effects of childhood exposure to war, including orphanhood, is needed. We compared 50 orphans1 who lost their father during the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–1995) and 50 age- and sex-matched adolescents from two-parent families during 2011–2012 in terms of sociodemographic characteristics, behavioral/emotional problems, depression, resilience, maternal mental health, and perceived social support. The two groups differed on sociodemographic factors, that is, number of children, family composition, income, school grades, and refugeehood. Paternal war orphans did not differ in terms of adolescent mental health and resilience from their nonorphaned peers, controlling for sociodemographic variables. The mothers of orphans had comparably more posttraumatic psychopathology. As for perceived resources for social support, orphans identified those comparably more often among distant relatives and in the community, that is, religious officials and mental health professionals, and less often among siblings, paternal grandparents, paternal and maternal uncles/aunts, school friends and teachers. Our findings suggest that contextual factors may play an important role in orphans' postwar mental health.
<xhtml:span xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">Characterization, and in vitro antibacterial activity of sulfated&#160; polysaccharides from freshwater algae <em>Cladophora crispata</em>
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Authors: jasem mohanad , Merai Abd- Alwahab , Nizam Adnan Ali 
Published: March 2023

Barada River is characterized by an abundant growth of freshwater algae. Algae have been emerged as a new source for bioactive compounds, in this research Cladophoracrispata was cultivated in the outdoor method, and algae sulfated Polysaccharides (SPs) were extracted by ultrasonic-assisted extraction methods. After extraction, Gel filtration was used to purify the crude SPs; SPs compounds were determined and selected and we investigated the effect of SPs as antibacterial agents. the purified extract gave two fractions (F1 and F2). The chemical components of both crude and purified SPs were then determind. The highest carbohydrate content (74.12%) and protein content (4.02%) was found in the crude extract, while the highest sulfate content (12.17%) was found in F2, and the highest uronic content (18.46%) was found in F1. Fourier transforms infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used for confirmed that the crud and fractions consist of sugar, uronic acids, protein unite, and sulfate groups. Both F1, and F2 was found to consist of rhamnose, galactose, xylose, and ribose based on the High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation. Each fraction showed an inhibitory effect on the gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. F2 has the lowest minimum inhabit concentration (MIC) value against Enterobacteraerogenes and Staphylococcusaureus; where its MIC values were 28 and 10 (mg/ml) respectively. Algae polysaccharides had the most important interest due to their antibacterial properties, which is makes them included in pharmacy and food applications.
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in a geriatric patient affected by SARS-CoV-2: complexity of a diagnosis, complexity of a virus
Authors: Corich Maria Ada , Niero Michele , Ferretti Elisabetta , De Colle Paolo , Bernardi Stella , Ceschia Giuliano , Sanson Gianfranco , Zanetti Michela 
Published: March 2023

Background: Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) has an important impact on the kidney, however, the involvement of the last part of the nephron has not been previously documented.
Methods: We present the case of a 71 years old man with respiratory failure in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia who, after about 20 days of hospitalization, presented the typical symptoms of diabetes insipidus. The water deprivation test led to the diagnosis of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
The analysis of the underlying cause was complex because of the patient’s pharmacological and medical history. In particular, potential alternative causes for nephrogenic diabetes insipidus including urinary tract infection and previous lithium therapy had to be ruled out.
Results: The sequence of pathognomonic events typical of diabetes insipidus associated with anamnestic, clinical and laboratory evidences strongly supported the diagnosis of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus due to SARS-CoV-2, rather than to other etiologies.
Conclusions: The collecting duct could represent a target for SARS-CoV-2 infection, directly or indirectly as a result of lesions of upstream portions of the nephron which would cascade into the distal segment. Other molecules, besides angiotensin 2 converting enzyme, might be involved in facilitating the viral aggression. The complexity of the geriatric patient shows the importance of a comprehensive approach which integrates a careful monitoring of clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory and instrumental tests. This is especially important in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection and in the management of its unexpected complications.
Safety and Immunogenicity of the NVX-CoV2373 Vaccine as a Booster in Adults Previously Vaccinated with the BBIBP-CorV Vaccine: An Interim Analysis
Authors: Toback Seth , Marchese Anthony M. , Warren Brandy , Ayman Sondos , Zarkovic Senka , ElTantawy Islam , Mallory Raburn M. , Rousculp Matthew , Almarzooqi Fahed , Piechowski-Jozwiak Bartlomiej , Bonilla Maria-Fernanda , Bakkour Agyad Ebrahim , Hussein Salah Eldin , Kaabi Nawal Al 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis phase 3 observer-blind, randomized, controlled study was conducted in adults ≥18 years of age to assess the safety and immunogenicity of NVX-CoV2373 as a heterologous booster compared to BBIBP-CorV when utilized as a homologous booster. Approximately 1,000 participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive a single dose of NVX-CoV2373 or BBIBP-CorV after prior vaccination with 2 or 3 doses of BBIBP-CorV. Solicited adverse events (AEs) were collected for 7 days after vaccination. Unsolicited AEs were collected for 28 days following the booster dose and serious adverse and adverse events of special interest (AESI) were collected throughout the study. For this interim analysis, anti-spike IgG and neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were measured at baseline, day 14, and day 28. The study achieved its primary non-inferiority endpoint and also demonstrated statistically higher neutralization responses of approximately 6-fold when NVX-CoV2373 was utilized as a heterologous booster compared with BBIBP-CorV as a homologous booster. Both vaccines had an acceptably low reactogenicity profile and no new safety concerns were found. Heterologous boosting with NVX-CoV2373 was a highly immunogenic and safe vaccine regimen in those previously vaccinated with BBIBP-CorV.
Rich Oleocanthal and Oleacein Extra Virgin Olive Oil and Inflammatory and Antioxidant Status in people with Obesity and Prediabetes. The APRIL Study: a Randomised, Controlled Crossover Study
Authors: Ruiz-Garcia Ignacio , Ortíz-Flores Rodolfo , Badia Rocío , Garcia-Borrego Aranzazu , García-Fernández María , Lara Estrella , Martín-Montañez Elisa , García-Serrano Sara , Valdés Sergio , Gonzalo Montserrat , Tapia-Guerrero María-José , Fernández-García José-Carlos , Sánchez-García Alicia , Muñoz-Cobos Francisca , Calderón-Cid Miguel , El-Bekay Rajaa , Covas María-Isabel , Rojo-Martínez Gemma , Olveira Gabriel , Romero-Zerbo Silvana-Yanina , Bermudez-Silva Francisco-Javier 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOleocanthal and oleacein are olive oil phenolic compounds with well known anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. The main evidence, however, is provided by experimental studies. Few human clinical trials have examined the health benefits of olive oils rich in these polyphenols. Our aim was to assess the health properties of rich oleocanthal and oleacein extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), compared to those of common olive oil (OO), in people with prediabetes and obesity. This was a randomised, double-blind, crossover trial done in people aged 40-65 years with obesity (BMI 30-40 kg/m2) and prediabetes (HbA1c 5.7-6.4%). The intervention consisted in substituting for 1 month the oil used for food, both raw and cooked, by EVOO or OO. No hypocaloric diet or changes in physical activity were recommended. The primary outcome was the inflammatory status. Secondary outcomes were the oxidative status, body weight, metabolic status and lipid profile. An ANCOVA model adjusted for age, sex and treatment administration sequence was used for the statistical analysis. 91 patients were enrolled (33 men and 58 women) and finished the trial. A decrease in interferon-γ was observed after EVOO treatment, reaching inter-treatment differences (P=0.041). Total antioxidant status increased and lipid and organic hydroperoxides decreased after EVOO treatment, the changes reaching significance compared to OO treatment (P<0.05). Decreases in weight, BMI and blood glucose (p<0.05) were found after treatment with EVOO and not with OO. In conclusion, treatment with EVOO rich in oleocanthal and oleacein differentially improved oxidative and inflammatory status in people with obesity and prediabetes.
Factors influencing the commissioning and implementation of health and social care interventions for people with dementia: commissioner and stakeholder perspectives
Authors: Tucker Rachael , Vickers Robert , Adams Emma , Burgon Clare , Lock Juliette , Goldberg Sarah , Gladman John , Masud Tahir , Orton Elizabeth , Timmons Stephen , Harwood Rowan H 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite several interventions demonstrating benefit to people living with dementia and their caregivers, few have been translated and implemented in routine clinical practice. There is limited evidence of the barriers and facilitators for commissioning and implementing health and social care interventions for people living with dementia. The aim of the current study was to explore the barriers and facilitators to commissioning and implementing a dementia friendly exercise and physical activity-based intervention (PrAISED (Promoting Activity, Stability and Independence in Early Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment)) in practice.MethodsQualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with stakeholders from a range of backgrounds including individuals from universities, research centres, the voluntary and community sector, health and social care, and local government in England. The Consolidated Framework for Intervention Research (CFIR) was used to guide the design and analysis. Fourteen participants took part, including commissioning managers, service managers, partnership managers, charity representatives, commercial research specialists, academics/researchers, and healthcare professionals.ResultsData were represented in 33 constructs across the five CFIR domains. Key barriers included cost/financing, the culture of commissioning, and available resources. Key facilitators included the adaptability of the intervention, cosmopolitanism/partnerships and connections, external policy and incentives, and the use of already existing (and untapped) workforces. Participants identified a need for greater support for people diagnosed with dementia and their caregivers immediately post dementia diagnosis.ConclusionSeveral barriers and facilitators for commissioning and implementing health and social care interventions for people with dementia were identified which need to be addressed. Recommended actions to facilitate the commissioning and implementation of dementia friendly services are: 1) map out local needs, 2) evidence the intervention including effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, 3) create/utilise networks with stakeholders, and 4) plan required resources.