bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Biological Basis of Sex Differences in Athletic Performance: Consensus Statement for the American College of Sports Medicine
Authors: HUNTER SANDRA K. , S. ANGADI SIDDHARTHA , BHARGAVA ADITI , HARPER JOANNA , HIRSCHBERG ANGELICA LINDÉN , D. LEVINE BENJAMIN , L. MOREAU KERRIE , J. NOKOFF NATALIE , STACHENFELD NINA S. , BERMON STÉPHANE 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Biological sex is a primary determinant of athletic performance because of fundamental sex differences in anatomy and physiology dictated by sex chromosomes and sex hormones. Adult men are typically stronger, more powerful, and faster than women of similar age and training status. Thus, for athletic events and sports relying on endurance, muscle strength, speed, and power, males typically outperform females by 10%–30% depending on the requirements of the event. These sex differences in performance emerge with the onset of puberty and coincide with the increase in endogenous sex steroid hormones, in particular testosterone in males, which increases 30-fold by adulthood, but remains low in females. The primary goal of this consensus statement is to provide the latest scientific knowledge and mechanisms for the sex differences in athletic performance. This review highlights the differences in anatomy and physiology between males and females that are primary determinants of the sex differences in athletic performance and in response to exercise training, and the role of sex steroid hormones (particularly testosterone and estradiol). We also identify historical and nonphysiological factors that influence the sex differences in performance. Finally, we identify gaps in the knowledge of sex differences in athletic performance and the underlying mechanisms, providing substantial opportunities for high-impact studies. A major step toward closing the knowledge gap is to include more and equitable numbers of women to that of men in mechanistic studies that determine any of the sex differences in response to an acute bout of exercise, exercise training, and athletic performance.
Researching the Teaching of Drawing, Raymond M. Klein (ed.) (2022)
Authors: LeRue David 
Published: September 2023

Review of: Researching the Teaching of Drawing, Raymond M. Klein (ed.) (2022)
Wilmington, DE and Malaga: Vernon Press, 212 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-64889-423-7, h/bk, $ 75/£ 59/€ 65
Art Therapy with Special Education Students, Dafna Regev (2023)
Authors: Rendoth Tess 
Published: September 2023

Review of: Art Therapy with Special Education Students, Dafna Regev (2023)
New York: Routledge, 190 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-00315-691-8, e-book, £25.59
ISBN 978-0-36774-281-2, p/bk, £25.59
ISBN 978-0-36774-282-9, h/bk, £104.00
Genetic background influences arterial vasomotor function in male and female mice
Authors: Holly Dylan , Kim Hyoseon , Woodman Christopher R. , Massett Michael P. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess the influence of genetic background and sex on nitric oxide (NO)‐mediated vasomotor function in arteries from different vascular territories. Vasomotor function was assessed in thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta, carotid arteries, and femoral arteries from the following mouse strains: SJL/J, DBA/2J, NZW/LacJ, and C57BL/6J. Contractile responses were assessed using the α1‐adrenergic receptor agonist phenylephrine (PE, 10−9–10−5 M). Vasorelaxation responses were assessed by examining relaxation to an endothelium‐dependent vasodilator acetylcholine (ACh, 10−9–10−5 M) and an endothelium‐independent vasodilator sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 10−9–10−5 M). To evaluate the role of NO, relaxation responses to ACh and SNP were assessed in the absence or presence of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (N omega‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester hydrochloride: 10−4 M). Vasomotor responses to ACh and PE varied across strains and among the arteries tested with some strains exhibiting artery‐specific impairment. Results indicated some concentration–response heterogeneity in response to ACh and SNP between vessels from females and males, but no significant differences in responses to PE. Collectively, these findings indicate that vasomotor responses vary by genetic background, sex, and artery type.
How many gods and how many spheres? Aristotle misunderstood as a monotheist and an astronomer in

Metaphysics

Λ 8
Authors: Golitsis Pantelis 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Although Aristotle’s Metaphysics received much attention in the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries, scholars and historians of science were not particularly interested in clarifying the aim of Aristotle’s appeal to astronomy in Λ 8. Read with monotheistic prejudices, this chapter was quickly abandoned by Aristotelian scholars as a gratuitous insertion, which downgrades Aristotle’s God for the sake of some supplementary principles, whose existence was dictated by celestial mechanics. On the other hand, historians of astronomy read the astronomical excursus as providing a picture of Aristotle as an able astronomer, who made an important contribution to the theory of concentric celestial spheres of Eudoxus and Callippus by adding the counteracting spheres. The present article argues (a) that Aristotle purposefully turned to astronomy as the only mathematical science whose objects were correlative to the immaterial first substances or gods, the number of which had to be precisely determined by his own project of first philosophy; and (b) that he had no aspiration of improving the astronomical theory of his peers, contrary to an interpretation that first emerged with the Peripatetic exegete Sosigenes in the second century A.D.
Effect of labetalol and lignocaine on hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation
Authors: Baby Rani Hanumanla , Yamini Chikkam 
Published: September 2023

Direct laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation is a noxious stimuli and induce sympathomimetic responses. Although well tolerated in healthy subjects, it may impose life-threatening arrhythmias, left ventricular failure or rupture of cerebral aneurysm in susceptible patients.
The aim is to study the effects of intravenous labetalol and lignocaine on haemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation.
Materials and methods: It is a cross-sectional and randomized controlled study with two study groups was planned. 70 patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: those receiving Labetalol 0.25 mg/kg (n=35) or those receiving lignocaine 1mg/kg (n=35). The parameters assessed are heart rate, systolic BP, diastolic BP and Mean arterial pressure. Baseline parameters were recorded at the time of induction, post-intubation immediately and 1, 3, 5, 10 minutes later.
Results: In the current study, at the time of induction, the mean heart rate was 65.97 ± 5.22 per min in group LB whereas the mean heart rate was 76.66 ± 8.49 per min in group LG which was statistically significant (P value <0.001). There was significantly reduced systolic blood pressure at 1min after intubation, 3min after intubation, 5min after intubation, and 10min after intubation in patients of group LB when compared with patients of group LG (P value <0.05). Significantly reduced diastolic blood pressure at 1 min after intubation, 3 min after intubation, 5 min after intubation, and 10 min after intubation in patients of group LB when compared with patients of group LG (P value <0.05).
Conclusions: It was concluded in the present study that intravenous labetalol of dosage 0.25 mg/kg before laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation was efficient in attenuating the hemodynamic parameters
Prevention of bronchopneumonia by the aerosol method and its influence on calf production indicators
Authors: Sharandak Pavlo , Drobot Maryna , Druz Nataliia 
Published: September 2023

The aim: to determine the effectiveness of aerosol prophylaxis of nonspecific bronchopneumonia in calves by using a complex of biogenic compounds of macro- and microelements and plant immunomodulator Echinacea in the form of the drug Kalfmin on production indicators.
Materials and methods. The research was conducted in the farm "Podilsky owner 2004", v. Velyka Medvedivka, Shepetivka district, Khmelnitsky region on black-spotted calves, which were in the risk group for bronchopneumonia, taking into account certain technological components, namely – stress due to regrouping of animals, some adjustment of their feeding rations, some excess concentration of livestock animals in groups and other factors.
Results. The results of studies indicate a high therapeutic efficacy for the use of the drug "Kalfmin" group aerosol method in the treatment of patients with calf bronchopneumonia, as this drug enters the body in the same way as pathogens. It was found, that 40 % of calves in the control group, which did not receive preventive measures, have clinical signs of bronchopneumonia, and 10 % of cases were fatal. At the same time, signs of bronchopneumonia were found in only 10 % of calves in the experimental groups, who received aerosol prophylaxis according to the experimental scheme; their course was much easier and without fatal consequences.
Conclusions. Prevention of bronchopneumonia in young cattle should be comprehensive and aimed at eliminating violations of the technology of keeping, feeding and increasing the resistance of animals. Group aerosol prevention of nonspecific bronchopneumonia in calves using the drug Calfmin in combination with the plant immunomodulator Echinacea is a more promising and effective method of preventing this pathology compared with the use of turpentine, lactic acid and chlorinated lime. The use of the drug Kalfmin in combination with Echinacea is characterized by 1.60 time’s higher efficiency and 1.70 times shorter period of prevention of animals
The development of a method for assessing the security of complex technical systems using artificial immune systems
Authors: Shyshatskyi Andrii , Stasiuk Tetiana , Filipov Viacheslav , Nalapko Oleksii , Protas Nadiia , Berezanskyi Dmytro , Zinchenko Michael , Sovik Oleksandr , Makarchuk Vasily , Nechyporuk Vitaliy 
Published: September 2023

Ensuring the security of complex technical systems of various functional purposes requires a constant search for new scientific and practical approaches in order to ensure its proper level against a growing list of new risks and threats. Nowadays, no state in the world is able to work on the creation and implementation of artificial intelligence in isolation from others. Artificial intelligence technologies are actively used to solve both general and highly specialized tasks in various spheres of society. The problem of synthesis of management of complex technological processes is an urgent task in management theory. A promising direction in the design of such complex ones is the use of bio-inspired algorithms that are effectively used while solving optimization tasks.
Thus, the object of research is complex technical systems. The subject of research is the state security of complex technical systems. The research developed a method for assessing the security of complex technical systems using artificial immune systems. The novelty of the proposed method consists in:
‒ taking into account while calculating the correction factor for the degree of uncertainty about the state of a complex technical system;
‒ reducing computing costs while assessing the state of a complex technical system;
‒ improved implementation of procedures for solving the task of influencing relationships in a complex technical system;
‒ creating a multi-level and interconnected description of hierarchical complex technical systems;
‒ the possibility of performing calculations with source data that are different in nature and units of measurement. It is advisable to implement the mentioned technique in specialized software, which is used to analyze the state of complex technical systems and make decisions.
Development of improved technology for producing graphene-like coating by LPCVD method
Authors: Iatsenko Artem 
Published: September 2023

The object of research in this work was the coating of oxygraphene on a silicon single crystal substrate. In the work, the LPСVD (Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition) method of deposition from the gas phase at low pressure is used to obtain graphene-like coatings on heat-resistant materials. A feature of the proposed LPCVD method in comparison with the classical method of deposition from the gas phase CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) by the method of catalytic decomposition of carbon-containing gas followed by the deposition of a graphene-like coating on a copper template is the use of a higher partial gas pressure, which leads to the deposition of graphene-like waste not only on the surface of the copper template-catalyst, but also in the entire volume of the reaction chamber and the materials introduced into it. A monocrystalline silicon template was used as a model for coating. The resulting coatings of different thicknesses were examined by scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and density was assessed by helium pycnometry. Based on the analysis of the results obtained using the method of scanning electron microscopy, the possibility of varying the thickness of the oxygraphene coating was shown. In addition, the formation of oxygraphene on a silicon single crystal substrate was confirmed by the Raman spectroscopy method, namely the presence of characteristic peaks in the spectra of the studied materials. Using the helium pycnometry method, a decrease in the density of the coated material from 2.25 g/cm3 to 2.08 g/cm3 was found. It was established that the greater the coating thickness, the lower the density. The general analysis showed that the developed LPСVD technology allows obtaining an oxygraphene coating on materials of any shape, porosity, size and resistant to temperatures above 600 °С in order to functionalize their surface and improve and improve their properties.
Teaching Education Process and Citizenship in the Contemporary Digital Environment. Pre and Post-Covid Perspectives
Authors: Karakatsani Despina , Kinal Jaroslaw 
Published: September 2023

The rapidly changing reality, which has been influenced by the development of technology and the industrial revolution since the nineteenth century, has largely weakened the teaching profession and the form and type of professional certification. This weakening also devaluates the idea of citizenship, which is largely conveyed during the education process. Contemporary education (4.0) is focused on practical education, where the space for shaping attitudes and creating behaviour patterns is marginalised. The relationship between education and industry related to socialisation and culture-forming processes is part of the development of individuals in societies and part of a broader formal development plan for different types of state and national organisations. The processes of systemic changes in education do not always keep up with the changing social, political and economic situation. The authors of this article indicate how the teacher education process looked in the past, through a sociohistorical approach based on the understanding of what teachers think about the meaning of digital learning in everyday school life and work. In order to do this, it was necessary to undertake an investigation from the perspective of the teachers themselves. This was helpful for the analysis of the semantic and ideological imperfection of education 4.0, based on the role of teaching staff in digital citizenship education.
The Identity of Fate and the Identity of Choice: Between the Routine of Continuation and the Ordinariness of Rejection
Authors: Świątkiewicz Wojciech 
Published: September 2023

Culture and religion still interrelate with one another. The presence of religious values in social life depends, above all, on the processes of constructing cultural identities in the course of socialization and education, which warrant the experience of the ontological realness of the social world. In the encyclical Veritatis splendor, John Paul II highlights the issue of culture, whose essence is “the moral sense, and which is in turn rooted and fulfilled in the religious sense.”[1] However, in the contemporary culture, there are strong tendencies to separate truth from freedom and faith from morality. As a result, “the moral sense” becomes dissociated from “the religious sense.”
In this article, I introduce the category of fate which emphasizes reproducibility, the inter-generational reproduction of patterns of religious stances and practices, confessional affiliations on the level of obviousness of the profiles of social personality, and the natural character of the structures of the social world in which Christianity is “like the air” we breathe, indispensable to preserve our existence.
In opposition to the culture of fate there is the culture of choice, described with the category of prefiguration which sets our imagination free from the obligatory character of the cultural and religious model of the past. The problem hinted at in the title of this article, is illustrated by the results of sociological research, which demonstrates attitudes of selective acceptance/rejection of the Decalogue and which becomes “the inverse Decalogue”,as such fitting into the liquid reality. Its sign is the imperative of choice which contributes to the deconstruction of the axiological invariants which are the basis of Christian civilization.
Psychiatric and Behavioural Disorders in Children with Epilepsy (ILAE Task Force Report): Behavioural and psychiatric disorders associated with epilepsy syndromes
Authors: Besag Frank , Gobbi Giuseppe , Aldenkamp Albert , Caplan Rochelle , Dunn David W. , Sillanpää Matti 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTThe categorisation of the childhood epilepsies into a number of different syndromes has allowed greater insight into the prognosis, not only with regard to seizure control but also in relation to cognitive and behavioural outcome. The role of genetics in determining both the syndrome and the behavioural outcome remains promising, although the promise is still largely unfulfilled. The behavioural/psychiatric outcome of a selection of the large number of childhood epilepsy syndromes is presented. The rate of autism in West syndrome, particularly in children who have tuberous sclerosis with temporal tubers, is high. In Dravet syndrome there is a loss of skills, with an associated increase in behavioural problems. The frequency of both subtle and overt seizures in the Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome almost certainly accounts for the apparent poor motivation; however, a marked improvement in seizure control with treatment can also result in behavioural problems, probably as a result of the “release phenomenon”. A number of cognitive problems can arise in the so‐called “benign” syndrome of epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) and the rate of ADHD is high. Autistic features and ADHD have been described in the Landau‐Kleffner syndrome and other syndromes associated with electrical status epilepticus of slow‐wave sleep (ESES). Early effective treatment may reverse some of these features. There is clear evidence fora behavioural syndrome in relation to juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), in which both clinical descriptions and functional neuroimaging indicate frontal lobe deficits.
Ultrasonographic assessment of vitreoretinal pathologies in white mature cataract
Authors: Rathi Rishabh , Jaiswal Komal , Jain Amisha , Verma Sonam , Chandravanshi SCL , Nema Nitin , Maurya Rajendra Prakash 
Published: September 2023

: To evaluate the incidence of significant posterior segment abnormalities in eyes with white mature cataract and to assess association of vitreoretinal pathologies with different ocular and systemic disorders. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 patients with white mature cataract presenting for cataract surgery. Detailed relevant history was noted. Complete ocular examination done and B-scan performed. Percentage of patients with abnormal B-scan findings in various groups were calculated and association of systemic/ ocular factors with vitreoretinal pathologies were evaluated using paired chi square test. : Mean age of patients was 60.78±9.001 years with a female preponderance (58%). 92% cases had senile mature cataract, 3% were presenile, 3% were traumatic and 2% were complicated mature cataract. Most common pathological finding on B-scan was vitreous opacity seen in 16% cases, followed by posterior vitreous detachment seen in 6%. Vitreous hemorrhage was seen in 3% cases while 69% cases showed normal posterior segment. Patients were grouped into two categories- one comprised patients with relevant systemic and/ or ocular history (47%), while other category belonged to patients with no such history (53%). On comparing the number of patients with abnormal B-scan findings in the two categories, no statistical significance was noted. (p value=0.105).B-scan ultrasonography is an important presurgical investigation in patients with dense cataracts for diagnosing posterior segment pathologies that may influence post operative visual outcome.
Prevalence of post-operative complications after cataract surgery in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Authors: Merugu Jagruthi , Valathuru Vijayalakshmi , Bussa Manjula , Babu Ravi 
Published: September 2023

To estimate the prevalence of post-operative complications after cataract surgery in AIDS patients having cataract in a tertiary care hospital.This was a prospective and observational study done on 100 eyes of 70 AIDS patients having cataract with CD4+ cell count below 200 cells/mm who underwent cataract surgery from December 2021 to November 2022.All the AIDS patients who are having cataract with CD4 cell count below 200 cells/mm were examined for anterior and posterior segment using Slit lamp biomicroscopy and Indirect ophthalmoscopy.The prevalence of post-operative complications were seen in 3% (3/100) of eyes after cataract surgery. Patients with post-operative complications were in between 46-65 years of age. Post-operative complications were seen in patients with CD4 count between 51-150 cells/mm³. All the patients underwent postoperative visual acuity of better than 6/24.: In emergency cases cataract surgery in HIV patients is generally safe, regardless of CD4 count, but their general and ocular health should be optimized preoperatively.
The relationship of central macular thickness with clinical grades of diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Tyagi Manoj , Gupta Shivani , Rajpoot Mukesh Singh , Aloney Shweta , Chouhan Pritee 
Published: September 2023

To assess central macular thickness (CMT) in diabetics with or without diabetic retinopathy (DR) and compare it with various clinical grades of DR. All patients attending the ophthalmic OPD fulfilling the inclusion and met no exclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. All eyes underwent comprehensive and standardized ophthalmic examination. The CMT was measured using spectral domain optical coherence tomography using Cirrus HD OCT Model 500. The mean CMT in cases is significantly greater than controls. It is also significantly greater in diabetics with DR as compared to diabetics without DR and it significantly varies with various grades of DR. The mean CMT is also increased in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) and panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) untreated DR as compared to diabetics without DME and PRP treated DR respectively. Central macular thickness can be used as an indicator to monitor individuals with diabetes as it increased in diabetics and the presence of macular edema decreased in PRP treated eyes. It also varies with various grades of DR.