bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The 3d structure of hadrons and origin of the proton's spin
Authors: Pitonyak Daniel 
Published: April 2023

The 3d structure of hadrons and origin of the proton's spin
The Fundamental Pieces of Visible Matter: Offering an Unprecedented Insight into the 3D Structure of Hadrons and the Proton Spin Puzzle. All the visible matter in the universe is composed of atoms, which consist of electrons orbiting a small but extremely dense nucleus. The nucleus contains protons and neutrons, which also have a substructure of particles called quarks. Quarks come in different types, called flavors: up, down, strange, charm, bottom, and top. The quarks are held together by the strong nuclear force, which is mediated by other particles called gluons. Quarks and gluons, collectively called partons, are some of the most elementary pieces of visible matter in the universe. A “zoo” of particles, generically called hadrons, is made up of quarks and gluons.
HIV therapeutic targets: Basic virology to the discovery of antiretroviral drugs
Authors: Freed Eric O. 
Published: April 2023

HIV therapeutic targets: Basic virology to the discovery of antiretroviral drugs
Do we need new antiretroviral drugs to treat HIV infection, and if so, what are the promising targets? Dr Eric O. Freed, Director of the HIV Dynamics and Replication Program at the National Cancer Institute in Frederick, Maryland, discusses these questions. The HIV replication cycle (1) (see figure) presents numerous potential therapeutic targets, but only a few have been successfully exploited. HIV-1 infection begins when the viral envelope glycoprotein (known as Env) binds to its primary receptor (CD4) and coreceptors on the surface of a target cell, leading to a fusion between the lipid bilayer of the virus particle and the plasma membrane of the cell, allowing the viral core – which contains the viral RNA genome and key viral enzymes – to gain access to the target cell cytoplasm.
The link between gene expression and machine learning
Authors: Taguchi Y-h. 
Published: April 2023

The link between gene expression and machine learning
Professor Y-h. Taguchi uses tensor decomposition to identify genes associated with altered gene expression caused by drug treatment. Machine learning has attracted much interest lately. Last year, generative AIs such as stable diffusion, which can create beautiful images from a given prompt and ChatGPT, which can mimic human conversations very well, were developed. All these popular AIs are based on a machine learning technique called deep learning (DL), inspired by the human brain's structure, also known as neural networks. However, these DL-based generative AIs have a hidden problem: they require massive amounts of data to learn.
Discussing early innovation software by example of the PERPL software
Authors: Leng Joanna 
Published: April 2023

Discussing early innovation software by example of the PERPL software
Dr Joanna Leng, School of Computing, University of Leeds, UK, presents a project from the fellowship, on the PERPL (pattern extraction from relative positions of localisations) software which analyses super-resolution light microscopy (SRLM) data. Alistair developed the initial capabilities of PERPL with knowledge of the Python programming language. Still, with limited experience in software engineering, he realised it was becoming difficult to extend and for others to use. As the software and the underlying science were complex, the best way forward was for Alistair and me to work together. However, this close collaboration involving teaching software engineering skills is not a commonly recognised RSE practice.
Neuronal networks of depression: Pushing the limits of brain stimulation technology
Authors: Costa Tiago , Arnd Coenen Volker , Döbrössy Máté Dániel 
Published: April 2023

Neuronal networks of depression: Pushing the limits of brain stimulation technology
A team of researchers at the University of Freiburg and Delft University of Technology have joined forces to explore a new focused ultrasound technology to tap into the Neuronal Networks of Depression. Major Depressive Disorder (MDD, or “depression”) is not a single disorder but a syndrome: a spectrum of associated behavioral symptoms that are defined (and re-defined with time) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) of Mental Disorders, American Psychiatric Association. Key symptoms are anhedonia and hopelessness. Clinical depression is diagnosed if the person experiences five or more of the nine symptoms during a continuous 2 week period, with at least one of the symptoms being either reduced motivation or anhedonia (DSM-5 American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Given the nine main symptoms, the pairing with one of the two essential traits, the bi-directionality of many symptoms (increase or decrease), or their sub-symptoms, there are several hundred different individual symptom profiles possible that would qualify for depression diagnosis (Fried & Nesse, 2015).
Psychedelic therapies are returning to psychiatry
Authors: Dyck Erika 
Published: April 2023

Psychedelic therapies are returning to psychiatry
Professor Erika Dyck, Canada Research Chair in History of Health & Social Justice at the University of Saskatchewan argues that psychedelic drugs and therapies, whether conducted in ceremonial settings or clinical ones, are being touted as life-changing moments for their capacity to efficiently transform an individual's perspective on themselves. The number of people who suffer from mental illness has grown steadily, with the WHO now reporting that 1 in 5 people in the world lives with mental illness. Due to this, numerous psychedelic therapies have also emerged on this landscape as a potential treatment that may improve individual lives while also transforming the way we diagnose and treat mental illness around the world – labelled a "psychedelic renaissance". Initiatives to legalize, decriminalize, and/or regulate psychedelics have taken different legal forms – as the legal landscape is changing quickly – but there are undeniable and unprecedented successes in treating alcoholism and trauma-based disorders with psychedelic therapies, which Professor Dyck recommends to be explored in more depth.
Nanotexured surfaces could be transformative - If given a chance to flourish
Authors: Mokarian-Tabari Parvaneh 
Published: April 2023

Nanotexured surfaces could be transformative - If given a chance to flourish
Professor Parvaneh Mokarian, founder of the technology and SUN-PILOT coordinator from Trinity College Dublin and AMBER centre looks at the possibilities and applications of nanotextured surfaces. Despite the promising functionality of nanotextured surfaces and their potential for a wide range of applications, their use has not been broadly adopted by the industry. In this article, we will discuss the reasons and possible solutions. Surface structuring is a method whereby structures (typically sub-wavelength) are formed on the surface of the substrate either by etching or by coating. In nature, many hierarchical nanostructures enable unique functionalities.
Rapid measurement tools or fast identification of bioaerosols
Authors: Coulon Frederic , Whitby Corinne 
Published: April 2023

Rapid measurement tools or fast identification of bioaerosols
Bioaerosols are complex mixtures of airborne particles of biological origin, many are of inhalable size, but those less than 10 μm are respirable and can penetrate deep into the respiratory system, making them a health concern, argue Professors Frederic Coulon and Corinne Whitby. While causing infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis and COVID-19, bioaerosols are also associated with non-infectious diseases, such as hypersensitivity, allergies, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, that cause significant mortality and morbidity. There are two major challenges to the fast identification of bioaerosols: 1) bioaerosol sampling and characterisation, 2) lack of evidenced exposure thresholds to inform regulators and health officials. In this article, the researchers look at the opportunities, sampling and characterisation of these bioaerosols.
Driving industrial biomanufacturing with evolution
Authors: Seng Wong Tuck 
Published: April 2023

Driving industrial biomanufacturing with evolution
Why do giraffes have long necks? At the University of Sheffield, Prof. Tuck Seng Wong applies Darwinian intrinsic research to the realm of industrial biomanufacturing. Industrial biomanufacturing involves the use of biological processes, such as fermentation and biocatalysis, to produce industrial products instead of traditional chemical synthesis. This interdisciplinary field combines biology and engineering to create high-value products such as chemicals, fuels, materials, pharmaceuticals, and food, using sustainable feedstocks such as plant-based materials and waste streams. The goal of industrial biomanufacturing is to decrease the environmental impact of chemical production by decreasing greenhouse gas emissions, reducing waste, and conserving resources. As a rapidly growing field, it has the potential to revolutionize the way industrial products are made. Industrial biomanufacturing has wide-ranging benefits for our society. One notable example of its applications is the production of beer, wine, and other alcoholic beverages, which are fermented using yeast.
Cool Esthesia airway hygiene: Stop stuffiness, cough and clear phlegm
Authors: Wei Edward T. 
Published: April 2023

Cool Esthesia airway hygiene: Stop stuffiness, cough and clear phlegm
Cryosim is a molecule that produces sensations of coolness but does not affect tissue temperatures. It can be delivered as a liquid to the surfaces of the nasal cavity and throat with an immediate cooling effect. We want our airways to feel cool and clean. In the nose, the result is cool breathing and the absence of stuffiness. For the throat, it is the absence of irritation and urge to cough. For inflamed airways, the goal is to get rid of phlegm or gunk. All of this can be done with Cryosims, molecules designed to produce cool esthesia. The cooling is immediate, so there is Instant Gratification (and adherence to use). Stopping stuffiness in rhinitis has value because 10-15% of the world's population has rhinitis. Control of cough can treat upper respiratory tract infections. Symptomatic relief facilitates sleep, which has economic value in improved work productivity.
Political compromises: A double edge sword
Authors: Van der Velden Mariken A.C.G. 
Published: April 2023

Political compromises: A double edge sword
Associate Professor Mariken A.C.G. van der Velden at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam discusses how political compromises can hinder affect a functioning democracy. Key to a functioning representative democracy is political parties competing based on alternative policy ideas to improve society during campaigning periods and the very same political parties cooperating outside these campaign times. While this holds for all forms of democracy, the tension between conflict and cooperation is particularly acute in Europe's multiparty democracies with coalition governments.
Protecting submarine cables for enhanced connectivity
Authors: Eriksrud Morten 
Published: April 2023

Protecting submarine cables for enhanced connectivity
Morten Eriksrud, at ASN Norway AS, looks to the protection of the global network of submarine cables and other critical subsea infrastructure. Optical communication technology is the key technology to making internet connectivity available all over the world. Fibre-optic cables, distributing data with the speed of light, connect continents, countries, and islands together by creating a global telecommunication network. These cables are installed subsea and are placed on the seafloor (in deep water areas) or trenched in the seabed (in shallow water areas). This global network of submarine cables contains more than 400 active cable links covering nearly 1.4 million kilometres (over three times the distance from Earth to Moon). More than 95% of the global internet traffic runs through these submarine cables. Submarine cables can carry far more data at far less cost than satellites and the increasing digitalization of our societies will further increase the number of submarine cables.
Naplife: Nanotechnology with a perspective on nuclear fusion
Authors: Sándor Biró Tamás 
Published: April 2023

Naplife: Nanotechnology with a perspective on nuclear fusion
Human civilization needs energy. Starting with the use and production of fire (chemical energy fed by biomaterial, mainly wood), using animal muscle power, the kinetic energy of water (irrigation, mills) and wind (sailing, turbines), and continuing with the industrial era when the use of steam and less than 100 years later that of electricity arose. Here, Biró. Tamás Sándor, a research professor at the Wigner RCP in Budapest, Hungary, discusses using nuclear fusion as a primary energy source in his project ‘NAPLIFE'.
Real-time monitoring to reduce the risks of nuclear radwaste repositories
Authors: Finocchiaro Paolo 
Published: April 2023

Real-time monitoring to reduce the risks of nuclear radwaste repositories
Paolo Finocchiaro, a Nuclear Physicist and Head Technologist at INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud argues the struggles of dangerous radioactive waste, or radwaste which comes with the immense potential benefits of nuclear power. Technologies have made it possible to develop low-cost systems capable of monitoring the penetrating radiation coming out of each single spent nuclear fuel cask or radwaste drum, by means of simple, compact, and effective counters for the detection of gamma rays and neutrons. However, these solutions don't come without complications: (i) the local ambient monitoring is limited to a few positions; (ii) it requires people moving around in a potentially dangerous environment. Fincchiaro suggests that human surveillance will be necessary along with cameras, adding to the main concerns when considering the risk of insider threats, especially in light of the increased risks of terrorism. Looking at two new detector technologies, named SciFi and SiLiF, Fincchiaro looks at their successful tests on radwaste from the very low to the highest activity level.
Workers at risk: How do traumatic jobs affect essential workers?
Authors: Anderson Gregory S. , Carleton Nicholas 
Published: April 2023

Workers at risk: How do traumatic jobs affect essential workers?
Using an interdisciplinary team approach, doctors Anderson and Carleton have a long history of exploring the impact of potentially psychologically traumatic events (PPTEs; i.e., direct or indirect exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence) and other workplace stressors on the mental health and wellbeing of essential workers. Anderson and Carleton are part of a national network of academics, researchers, and clinicians, coordinated with the Canadian Institute for Public Safety Research and Treatment (CIPSRT). The network has focused on workers at increased risk – including first responders and other public safety personnel (PSP), and front-line health care workers (FHCW).
The IDEA Model: A best practice for data-driven strategic risk and crisis communication
Authors: Sellnow Deanna D. , Sellnow Timothy L. 
Published: April 2023

The IDEA Model: A best practice for data-driven strategic risk and crisis communication
Professors of Strategic Communication Dr. Deanna D. Sellnow and Dr. Timothy L. Sellnow explore strategic risk and crisis communication using the IDEA Model, a theoretically grounded tool for effective communication. Nearly four decades have gone by since Beck (1986) proclaimed the world as a “global risk society” comprised of multiple ever-present and interacting risks (e.g., ecological, financial, military, terrorist, biochemical, informational). Helsloot and colleagues (2012) argued further that these ever-heightening global risks have created “a new class of adversity” they describe as “mega-crises” that “defy boundaries, limits, neat demarcations, patterned connections and linear consequences” (p. 5). Ultimately, the reality of mega-risks and mega-crises “challenge traditional assumptions and working methods of public authorities, corporate leaders and the public at large” (p. 5), necessitating a need for enhanced risk and crisis communication.
The role of religion in offender rehabilitation and prisoner well-being
Authors: Joon Jang Sung , Johnson Byron R. 
Published: April 2023

The role of religion in offender rehabilitation and prisoner well-being
Looking at the influence of religion on prisoner well-being, Sung Joon Jang and Byron R. Johnson discuss offender rehabilitation and the role of moral responsibility. As the original purpose of the American penal system was one embracing the goal of moral rehabilitation, focusing on improving the prisoner's moral capacities not simply to reduce reoffending but also to enhance the prisoner's well-being. Offender rehabilitation is generally meant to address a number of important needs of prisoners. Psychological or personal rehabilitation seeks to promote positive individual-level change in a prisoner by developing new skills or abilities as well as addressing deficits or problems. Though most crimes can be classified as both legal and moral offences, thinking about offender rehabilitation through the lens of moral reform has generally been overlooked by scholars. Professors Jang and Johnson empirically examine whether religion contributes to moral rehabilitation, the researchers conducted a quasi-experiment on a faith-based program that operated in two correctional facilities in Texas, finding that religion contributes to offender rehabilitation as moral reform among prisoners by promoting well-being and helping them flourish.
The SP theory of intelligence
Authors: Wolff Gerry 
Published: April 2023

The SP theory of intelligence
Dr Gerry Wolff, the Director of CognitionResearch.org, looks at the SP theory of intelligence and the way we ‘store' information in our brains. Although compression of information is normally associated with rather boring tasks like making a file smaller, the idea that information compression (IC) might be important in the workings of our brains has been the subject of research since the 1950s. There is now a wealth of evidence for the importance of IC in human intelligence, some of which is described in the first reference (1). In view of the importance of that evidence, IC is central in the SP Theory of Intelligence (SPTI) and its realisation in the SP Computer Model, the products of a lengthy period of research.
Pioneers project: Looking inside planetary interiors
Authors: Garcia Raphael F. 
Published: April 2023

Pioneers project: Looking inside planetary interiors
PIONEERS European project develops the next generation of instruments that will reveal planetary interiors, explains Professor Raphael F. Garcia from ISAE-SUPAERO. After decades of exploration of planetary surfaces, our knowledge of planetary interiors and internal structures remains very limited. However, the structure of a planetary body tells us a lot about how it formed and evolved during the last 4.5 billion years. It is critical to understand our solar system to know better the thousands of planets orbiting other stars in our galaxy. Are these planets water-rich? for how long? Can these sustain life? Even at the scale of our solar system these questions are not fully solved because the clues to their answers are hidden deep inside our nearby planets, their moons, and asteroid bodies. Even if all these objects formed from the same materials that formed our Sun, the hazard of accretion generated very different objects evolving differently.
Beyond amyloid: What's next for Alzheimers disease therapeutics?
Authors: Heckmann Bradlee 
Published: April 2023

Beyond amyloid: What's next for Alzheimers disease therapeutics?
Bradlee Heckmann, PhD, from USF Health Neuroscience Institute, Byrd Alzheimer's Center & Asha Therapeutics, in this discussion goes beyond amyloid, asking what's next for Alzheimer's Disease therapeutics. The recent approvals of aducanumab and lecanamab, targeting amyloid beta, a key pathogenic hallmark of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), represent an impressive step forward in developing new treatment options for one of the most devastating neurological diseases. AD impacts over 5 million individuals in the United States and an estimated 20-24 million people globally. Moreover, AD represents the sixth leading cause of death and according to the Alzheimer's Association approximately one in three individuals will die with either AD or a related dementia.
Human-centirc artificial intelligence: Frontier research and building industry capability
Authors: Lin Chin-Teng 
Published: April 2023

Human-centirc artificial intelligence: Frontier research and building industry capability
Chin-Teng Lin, Distinguished Professor from the University of Technology Sydney, Human-centric AI Centre, AAII, explores human-centric AI, focusing on frontier research & building industry capability. Distinguished Professor Chin-Teng Lin is a pioneer, inventor and world leader in computational intelligence and co-founder of the GrapheneX-UTS Human-centric AI Centre (HAI) at the University of Technology Sydney, Australia. For the past three decades, he has significantly advanced artificial intelligence (AI), brain-computer interfaces and human-AI teaming across theory, methodology and applications. Here, he provides an overview of his frontier research in combining human intelligence with AI to enable humans to make better decisions in complex, stressful situations and what it takes to translate research into tangible products and services. He also highlights the importance of ethical considerations when teaming humans with robots.
Precision medicine: Sensorineural hearing loss treatment
Authors: Dietz Aarno 
Published: April 2023

Precision medicine: Sensorineural hearing loss treatment
Aarno Dietz, Professor of Otorhinolaryngology at Kuopio University Hospital, turns the spotlight on hospital precision medicine, focusing on the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss. Today, most medical treatments are designed for the average patient. This “one-size-fits-all-approach” may be effective for some patients but not others. Precision medicine refers to tailoring medical treatment to the individual characteristics of each patient, aiming to target the right treatments to the right patients at the right time. In general, a precision medicine approach does not mean unique treatments (e.g., drugs or medical devices) designed for each patient but rather the ability to classify individuals into subpopulations based on specific characteristics of the underlying disease or its response to a particular treatment. Advances in precision medicine have already led to new treatment strategies, e.g., in oncology, where tumour profiling is used to optimize adjuvant treatments, improving survival rates.
In the footsteps of Carl von Linné: Sustainable food production
Authors: Fellbe Bengt 
Published: April 2023

In the footsteps of Carl von Linné: Sustainable food production
Refarm Linné looks at food from a business perspective and a social perspective, where food and the meal are used as a meeting place in a social context. Here you can read about some of the projects we run or are involved in to achieve our goal of more sustainable food production and consumption. Sweden's Parliament decided in 2017 that the amount of organic food in public kitchens should be 60% by 2030. With funding from the Swedish Agency for Agriculture, Refarm Linné runs a practical project where we travel around the country to educate and spread knowledge about organic food to all levels within the public sector, e.g., nutrition managers, cooks, meal assistants, meal managers, meal developers in schools and care for the elderly.