bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Ribbed Surfaces on Profile Losses of Low-Pressure Turbine Blades
Authors: Dellacasagrande M. , Lengani D. , Simoni D. , Ubaldi M. , Bertini F. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this work, streamwise oriented riblets were installed on a flat plate exposed to an adverse pressure gradient typical of low-pressure turbine (LPT) blade and, successively, on the suction side of an LPT cascade operating under unsteady flow. Different riblet dimensions and positions have been tested to quantify their effects on the boundary layer transition and on losses. The flat plate experiments allowed the detailed description of the riblet effects on the coherent structures affecting transition, thus providing a rationale for the identification of the optimal riblet geometry once scaled in wall-units. For riblet heights equal to about 20 wall-units, a maximum loss reduction of 8% was observed. Otherwise, for larger riblet dimensions, earlier transition occurs due to enhanced boundary layer instability and losses increase. Interestingly, the streamwise extension of the ribbed surfaces with respect to the transition region was found to play a minor role compared with the riblet dimension. The riblet configurations providing the highest reduction of viscous losses were then tested in the LPT blade cascade for different Reynolds numbers and with impinging upstream wakes. An overall profile loss reduction comparable to that observed in the flat plate case has been confirmed also in the unsteady operation of the turbine cascade. Low sensitivity of the profile losses to the riblet streamwise extension was also observed in the cascade application. This confirms that positive effects in terms of loss reduction can be obtained even when the exact transition position is not known a priori.
Film Cooling on Turbine Vane Endwalls With Different Inlet Cooling Configurations: Experimental and Computational Results
Authors: Yang Xing , Zhao Qiang , Wu Hang , Feng Zhenping 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A comparative study of turbine endwall film cooling resulting from three different cooling configurations in front of the passage inlet was conducted. The three inlet cooling configurations considered in this study were a conventional continuous slot, double rows of discrete film holes, and an interrupted slot with a backward-facing step. Pressure sensitive paint (PSP) was sprayed over the endwall surfaces to map adiabatic cooling effectiveness contours and five-hole probe and thermocouple measurements were implemented to assess aero-thermal fields at the passage exit. The evolution of cooling effectiveness was compared across a full range span of coolant flow rates of 0.3−1.8% in a real engine. Additionally, complex flow structures inside the passage due to interactions of coolant with mainstream flows were visualized using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to support the observed coolant coverage patterns. A side-by-side comparison of CFD simulations against experiments was made as well to evaluate the reliability of conventional turbulence modeling methods in such a complex flow. The continuous slot was found to produce the highest cooling effectiveness values while the double-row holes offered the most uniform coolant coverage, leading to spreading out of the coolant jets downstream of the passage throat and even beyond the trailing edge of the passage for coolant injection rates higher than 1.0%. Supported by the CFD-predicted flow structures and measured aerodynamic losses, the injection from the double-row holes weakened the passage secondary flows and thus caused the lowest aerodynamic loss. On the contrary, the interrupted slot enhanced the secondary flows due to the backward step, resulting in the highest flow loss.
Genome sequences of 11
Alkalihalobacillus clausii, Bacillus safensis,
and
Escherichia coli
bacteriophages isolated from bovine rumen and vagina
Authors: Magossi Gabriela , Holman Devin B. , Schmidt Kaycie N. , Hoselton Scott A. , Amat Samat 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Here, we present the coding-complete genomes of 11 lytic bacteriophages isolated from bovine ruminal fluid and vaginal swabs that can infect the bacterial hosts
Alkalihalobacillus clausii, Bacillus safensis,
and
Escherichia coli
.
A mixed-model approach for estimating drivers of microbiota community composition and differential taxonomic abundance
Authors: Sweeny Amy R. , Lemon Hannah , Ibrahim Anan , Watt Kathryn A. , Wilson Kenneth , Childs Dylan Z. , Nussey Daniel H. , Free Andrew , McNally Luke 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and metabarcoding approaches are increasingly applied to wild animal populations, but there is a disconnect between the widely applied generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) approaches commonly used to study phenotypic variation and the statistical toolkit from community ecology typically applied to metabarcoding data. Here, we describe the suitability of a novel GLMM-based approach for analyzing the taxon-specific sequence read counts derived from standard metabarcoding data. This approach allows decomposition of the contribution of different drivers to variation in community composition (e.g., age, season, individual) via interaction terms in the model random-effects structure. We provide guidance to implementing this approach and show how these models can identify how responsible specific taxonomic groups are for the effects attributed to different drivers. We applied this approach to two cross-sectional data sets from the Soay sheep population of St. Kilda. GLMMs showed agreement with dissimilarity-based approaches highlighting the substantial contribution of age and minimal contribution of season to microbiota community compositions, and simultaneously estimated the contribution of other technical and biological factors. We further used model predictions to show that age effects were principally due to increases in taxa of the phylum Bacteroidetes and declines in taxa of the phylum Firmicutes. This approach offers a powerful means for understanding the influence of drivers of community structure derived from metabarcoding data. We discuss how our approach could be readily adapted to allow researchers to estimate contributions of additional factors such as host or microbe phylogeny to answer emerging questions surrounding the ecological and evolutionary roles of within-host communities.

IMPORTANCE
NGS and fecal metabarcoding methods have provided powerful opportunities to study the wild gut microbiome. A wealth of data is, therefore, amassing across wild systems, generating the need for analytical approaches that can appropriately investigate simultaneous factors at the host and environmental scale that determine the composition of these communities. Here, we describe a generalized linear mixed-effects model (GLMM) approach to analyze read count data from metabarcoding of the gut microbiota, allowing us to quantify the contributions of multiple host and environmental factors to within-host community structure. Our approach provides outputs that are familiar to a majority of field ecologists and can be run using any standard mixed-effects modeling packages. We illustrate this approach using two metabarcoding data sets from the Soay sheep population of St. Kilda investigating age and season effects as worked examples.
Supplemental Material: Exceptional age constraint on a fossiliferous sedimentary succession preceding the Cretaceous Thermal Maximum
Authors: Tucker Ryan T. , al. et 
Published: July 2023

<p>All analytical results of all samples included within this study (LA-IC-PMS, CA-ID-TIMS, XRD, and XRF) along with CL zircon images with ablation spots indicated. </p>
Using days alive and out of hospital to measure surgical outcomes in New Zealand: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Boyle Luke , Lumley Thomas , Cumin David , Campbell Doug , Merry Alan Forbes 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesTo measure differences at various deciles in days alive and out of hospital to 90 days (DAOH90) and explore its utility for identifying outliers of performance among district health boards (DHBs).MethodsDays in hospital and mortality within 90 days of surgery were extracted by linking data from the New Zealand National Minimum Data Set and the births and deaths registry between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2021 for all adults in New Zealand undergoing acute laparotomy (AL—a relatively high-risk group), elective total hip replacement (THR—a medium risk group) or lower segment caesarean section (LSCS—a low-risk group). DAOH90was calculated without censoring to zero in cases of mortality. For each DHB, direct risk standardisation was used to adjust for potential confounders and presented in deciles according to baseline patient risk. The Mann-Whitney U test assessed overall DAOH90differences between DHBs, and comparisons are presented between selected deciles of DAOH90for each operation.ResultsWe obtained national data for 35 175, 52 032 and 117 695 patients undergoing AL, THR and LSCS procedures, respectively. We have demonstrated that calculating DAOH without censoring zero allows for differences between procedures and DHBs to be identified. Risk-adjusted national mean DAOH90Scores were 64.0 days, 79.0 days and 82.0 days at the 0.1 decile and 75.0 days, 82.0 days and 84.0 days at the 0.2 decile for AL, THR and LSCS, respectively, matching to their expected risk profiles. Differences between procedures and DHBs were most marked at lower deciles of the DAOH90distribution, and outlier DHBs were detectable. Corresponding 90-day mortality rates were 5.45%, 0.78% and 0.01%.ConclusionIn New Zealand after direct risk adjustment, differences in DAOH90between three types of surgical procedure reflected their respective risk levels and associated mortality rates. Outlier DHBs were identified for each procedure. Thus, our approach to analysing DAOH90appears to have considerable face validity and potential utility for contributing to the measurement of perioperative outcomes in an audit or quality improvement setting.
Deep learning-based diagnosis of histopathological patterns for invasive non-mucinous lung adenocarcinoma using semantic segmentation
Authors: Zhao Yanli , He Sen , Zhao Dan , Ju Mengwei , Zhen Caiwei , Dong Yujie , Zhang Chen , Wang Lang , Wang Shuhao , Che Nanying 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesThe application of artificial intelligence (AI) to the field of pathology has facilitated the development of digital pathology, hence, making AI-assisted diagnosis possible. Due to the variety of lung cancers and the subjectivity of manual evaluation, invasive non-mucinous lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) is difficult to diagnose. We aim to offer a deep learning solution that automatically classifies invasive non-mucinous lung ADC histological subtypes.DesignFor this investigation, 523 whole-slide images (WSIs) were obtained. We divided 376 of the WSIs at random for model training. According to WHO diagnostic criteria, six histological components of invasive non-mucinous lung ADC, comprising lepidic, papillary, acinar, solid, micropapillary and cribriform arrangements, were annotated at the pixel level and employed as the predicting target. We constructed the deep learning model using DeepLab v3, and used 27 WSIs for model validation and the remaining 120 WSIs for testing. The predictions were analysed by senior pathologists.ResultsThe model could accurately predict the predominant subtype and the majority of minor subtypes and has achieved good performance. Except for acinar, the area under the curve of the model was larger than 0.8 for all the subtypes. Meanwhile, the model was able to generate pathological reports. The NDCG scores were greater than 75%. Through the analysis of feature maps and incidents of model misdiagnosis, we discovered that the deep learning model was consistent with the thought process of pathologists and revealed better performance in recognising minor lesions.ConclusionsThe findings of the deep learning model for predicting the major and minor subtypes of invasive non-mucinous lung ADC are favourable. Its appearance and sensitivity to tiny lesions can be of great assistance to pathologists.
What do healthcare staff think about the quality and safety of care provided to children and young people with an intellectual disability? A qualitative study using the framework method of analysis
Authors: Ong Natalie , Lucien Abbie , Long Janet C , Weise Janelle , Walton Merrilyn , Burgess Annette 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveTo elicit patient safety issues pertaining to children and young people with intellectual disability in hospital from healthcare staff perspectives. This follows a previous paper of parent interviews of patient safety experiences of their child in hospital.DesignQualitative study.SettingWe conducted semi-structured interviews and focus groups of staff of tertiary children’s hospitals based on the domains of the Patient Safety Education Framework and using the framework methodology for data analysis.ParticipantsThere were 29 female and 7 male staff aged between 27 and 70 years from a range of departments and specialties including ancillary staff.InterventionQuestions based on the patient safety framework were developed from consultation with parents, researchers and clinicians exploring staff views and experiences of safety and quality care of these children in hospital. During April 2021 to May 2022, 22 interviews and 3 focus groups were conducted of staff who have had experience caring for children and young people with intellectual disability in the last 12 months in the hospital.ResultsKey themes elicited includeDefinition of Safety, Need to consider additional vulnerabilities of children and young people with intellectual disability in hospital, Communication is key to safe care, Parent and family perspectives on safe care, Management challenges compromising safety and Service system gaps in preventing, identifying and managing risk.ConclusionsStaff need to consider additional vulnerabilities, mitigate negative attitudes and biases towards better engagement and relationships with parents, children and young people of this population. Improvement of current systems that prevent the identification, prevention and management of risk and safety issues for this population need to be undertaken. Future developments include combining data from parent interviews, academic and grey literature in developing safety competencies in this population for training and education of staff across the health system.
Reasons and prevention strategies of unintended pregnancy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a phenomenological qualitative study
Authors: Yalew Ayalnesh Zemene , Olayemi Oladapo O , Yalew Alemayehu Worku 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesTo explore the reasons for unintended pregnancy and effective prevention measures from the perspectives of women and healthcare providers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.DesignPhenomenological qualitative study.Setting and participantsThis study was conducted at three public health facilities found in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Women with unintended pregnancies and healthcare providers currently working in maternal health services were purposively recruited for in-depth interviews. Twenty in-depth interviews were conducted until data saturation was achieved. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsSeven themes emerged from the transcribed interview data. These include: Personal characteristics (negligence; lower pregnancy expectation), family influence (fear of family), sociocultural and economic influence (stigma and discrimination), healthcare provider influence (disrespectful and abusive approach; disregard for women’s contraceptive choice), preconception thoughts and behaviours (unprotected early sexual practice; myths and misunderstanding), lack of access to quality family planning services (lack of trained contraceptive counsellor, inappropriate contraceptive use), and preventive strategies for unintended pregnancy (comprehensive sexual education; sexual and reproductive health and rights service integration)ConclusionsThis study identified multilevel reasons for unintended pregnancy from the perspective of the participants. Participants shared their views on preventive measures for unintended pregnancy, including comprehensive sexual education, service integration and male-inclusive contraceptive counselling. This study highlights the need to improve sexual and reproductive health services by shedding light on the viewpoints and experiences of women and healthcare providers.
HEalth And Dementia outcomes following Traumatic Brain Injury (HEAD-TBI): protocol for a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Russell Emma Rosalyn , Lyall Donald M , Stewart William 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundIt is estimated that by 2050 the global incidence of dementia will have exceeded 152 million. At present, there are no effective therapies for dementia, with a focus in research now turning to strategies for disease prevention. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is recognised as a major risk factor for dementia; estimated to be responsible for at least 3% of cases in the community. However, adverse health outcomes after TBI are not restricted to dementia. A wide range of conditions are documented among TBI survivors, many of which also increase dementia risk. ‘HEalth And Dementia outcomes following Traumatic Brain Injury’ is a study aiming to explore the hypothesis that increased dementia risk following TBI reflects both the direct effect of the injury on the brain and the indirect effects of wider, adverse health outcomes associated with TBI which, in turn, increase dementia risk.Methods and analysisComprehensive electronic medical and death certification records will be analysed for individuals with a documented history of TBI, compared with those of a matched general population control cohort with no documented TBI exposure. Cox proportional hazard regression models will be run to compare outcomes. Furthermore, existing diagnostic imaging and radiological reports for the cohort will be analysed to identify evidence of specific white matter abnormalities in TBI exposed individuals and their controls, and establish their potential diagnostic utility.Ethics and disseminationApprovals for the study have been obtained from the University of Glasgow College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences Research Ethics Committee (project number 200220038) and from National Health Service Scotland’s Public Benefits and Privacy Panel (application 2122-0224). As results emerge, these will be presented at appropriate multidisciplinary research conferences and made available through open access platforms where possible.
Comparing postoperative analgesia of bilateral serratus anterior plane block and thoracic paravertebral block for children following the Nuss procedure: protocol for a randomised, double-blind, non-inferiority clinical trial
Authors: He Yi , Xu Mingzhe , Jiang Xiaojuan , Li Zhi , Du Bin 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionThe Nuss procedure, despite being a minimally invasive surgery, is regarded as one of the most painful surgical procedures in children, and postoperative pain control remains a major clinical issue in this population. Thoracic paravertebral nerve block (TPVB) is reported as excellent pain relief for the Nuss procedure despite its challenging performance and associated adverse effects. Serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) is a simplified and effective method for managing thoracic pain as an alternative to TPVB. However, whether SAPB can provide analgesia comparable with that provided by the TPVB approach in children undergoing the Nuss procedure is unknown.Methods and analysisThis will be a prospective, randomised, double-blind, single-centre, non-inferiority trial that will enrol children aged 7–16 years subjected to the Nuss operation for pectus excavatum. In total, 74 paediatric patients will be randomly assigned to either the SAPB or TPVB group after general anaesthesia to receive ultrasound-guided regional nerve blocks (0.25% ropivacaine 2.5 mg/kg). The primary outcome will be the assessment of postoperative pain intensity at predetermined time points. The secondary outcomes will include assessing intraoperative opioid intake, consumption of analgesics within 24 hours postoperatively, time of first use of rescue analgesics, extubation time, perioperative adverse events and plasma ropivacaine concentrations across the block groups. Demographic and clinical characteristics (eg, pectus severity and the number of bars used) of the patients will be recorded. All data will be collected by investigators who are blinded to the treatment.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee on Biomedical Research of the West China Hospital of Sichuan University (2021-1275). During the period of the study, all procedures will be conducted following the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The results of the trial will be published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal.Trial registration numberChiCTR2200056596.
Fucoidan-coated coils improve healing in a rabbit elastase aneurysm model
Authors: Szatmáry Zoltán , Bardet Sylvia M , Mounier Jérémy , Janot Kevin , Cortese Jonathan , Perrin Marie Laure , Couquet Cladue , Deniau Guy , Hauquier Fanny , Migneret Rodolphe , Guenin Erwann , Maire Murielle , Michel Jean-Baptist , Forestier Géraud , Le Flahec Aurélien , Leger-Bretou Claire , Mounayer Charbel , Chaubet Frederic , Rouchaud Aymeric 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundRecanalization of coiled aneurysms remains unresolved. To limit aneurysm recanalization after embolization with coils, we propose an innovative approach to optimize aneurysm healing using fucoidan-coated coils.ObjectiveTo evaluate the short-term efficacy and long-term safety of the new coil system with conventional angiography, histology, and multiphoton microscopy for follow-up of fibrosis and neointima formation.MethodsWe conducted a feasibility study on rabbit elastase-induced aneurysms. Embolization was carried out with bare platinum coils, fucoidan-coated coils, or dextran-coated coils. Aneurysms were controlled after 1 month by digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Aneurysm samples were collected and processed for histological analysis. Aneurysm healing and fibrosis were measured by quantifying collagen according to the histological healing score by combining standard light microscopy and multiphoton imaging. We divided 27 rabbits into three groups: bare platinum group, fucoidan group, and dextran group as controls.ResultsAngiographic grading showed a trend toward less recanalization in the fucoidan group, although there were no significant differences among the three groups (P=0.21). Histological healing was significantly different according to the presence of more collagen in the neck area of aneurysms in the fucoidan group versus the bare platinum group (P=0.011), but not in the dextran group. Histological index was significantly better at the aneurysm neck in the fucoidan group than in the bare platinum group (P=0.004). Collagen organization index was also significantly better in the fucoidan group than in the bare platinum group (P=0.007).ConclusionThis proof-of-concept study demonstrated the feasibility and efficacy of treatment with fucoidan-coated coils to improve aneurysm healing. The results in this rabbit in vivo model showed that fucoidan-coated coils have the potential to improve healing following endovascular treatment.