bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prototype of a digitizer module based on multicycle-encoding FPGA ADC for a small animal PET
Authors: Chen K. , Qin J. , Zhao L. , Zhang L. , An Q. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Current research in small animal positron emission
tomography (PET) scanners focus on obtaining better spatial
resolution and higher sensitivity. These enhancements of scanner
performance result in a corresponding increase in the complexity of
the electronics, which usually manifests through an increase in the
number of electronics channels. Analog-to-digital converters (ADCs)
implemented in field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are an
effective way to simplify electronics complexity. In this paper, a
resource-saving multicycle-encoding structure of an FPGA-based ADC
with automated calibration is proposed, which achieves a sampling
rate of 250 Msps. A digitizer module prototype containing 64 charge
measurement channels based on the FPGA ADC is designed using a
Kintex-7 FPGA. The effective number of bits (ENOB) achieved using
the FPGA ADC is 4.26 bits under a 10.0555 MHz sine wave input. The
charge measurement resolution of each channel is better than
5‰ full width half maximum under a 0.8 V signal
input and 3% under inputs in the range 0.1 V to 1.2 V. The
integral nonlinearity of each channel is within ± 1%.
Development of sub-mirror radius of curvature automatic test system for IACT
Authors: Zhou Changxu , Wang Yudong , Zhang Shoushan , Min Zhen , Geng Lisi , Liu Jiali 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The Image Air shower Cherenkov Telescope (IACT) is one powerful instrument to study gamma ray astronomy. Generally the reflection system of IACT is assembled by multiple small sub-mirrors. It is time-consuming and costly to measure the sub-mirrors for the traditional manual method. In order to solve the problem, we design and develop an automatic system to measure the radius of curvature (ROC) of spherical sub-mirrors. A foam aluminum sample spherical mirror is tested to verify system performance. The repeated measurement error of the system ROC is 5.68 mm with the step 5 mm, and the minimum spot size repeated measurement error is 0.04 mm. The results indicate that the accuracy and stability of the system are excellent. Two mirrors with different ROC are measured. The ROC of the aluminum foam structure mirror is 16100.30 ± 5.59 mm, and the minimum spot size is 3.37 ± 0.04 mm. The ROC of a glass mirror is 5810.00 ± 1.42 mm with the step 1 mm and a minimum spot size of 1.92 ± 0.02 mm. The results indicate that the system is suitable for measuring mirrors with different ROCs and the measurement results are effective and reliable. It is vital to note that the measurement is fast and unattended, the single measurement time is less than 5 minutes and the total time is less than 15 minutes.
Integrability treatment of AdS/CFT orbifolds
Authors: Skrzypek Torben 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We elaborate on the treatment of orbifolds of type IIB string theory on

A
d

S
5

×

S
5

and their dual gauge theories with integrability techniques. The implementation of orbifolds via twisted spin-chains, thermodynamic Bethe ansatz equations with chemical potentials and Y- and T-systems with modified asymptotics is confronted with twisted boundary conditions of the string sigma-model. This allows us to consistently twist the quantum spectral curve, which is believed to bridge the two sides of the AdS/CFT duality. We discuss Abelian orbifolds of

P
S
U
(
2
,
2

|

4
)

and treat the special cases of

supersymmetric

Z

2

-orbifolds and type 0B string theory on

A
d

S
5

×

S
5

as primary examples. This opens a pathway to probe the validity of the duality and to study the long-standing question of tachyon stabilisation in non-supersymmetric AdS/CFT. We comment on the current understanding of this issue and point out the next steps in this challenge.
Statistical Analysis of Phenol Removal Using Modified Iraqi Bentonite from Wastewater by Adsorption Process
Authors: Raheem Noora A. , Majeed Najwa S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Bentonite from Iraq was the clay of choice for this study (Calcium base). The “State Company of Geological Survey and Mining” provided this rock, which was altered using Activation by Heat and Acid. Heat activation involved calcination at 400 Celsius, whereas chemical Activation involved H2SO4. Analysis utilizing XRD, BET, and FTIR on bentonite before and after Activation. Adsorption kinetics and isotherm were analyzed to assess whether modified bentonite could act as an adsorbent to eliminate phenol from water. The study found that after being activated, bentonite’s surface area increased from 63.32 to 78.65 m2/g. The extraction of phenol from synthetic wastewater using activated bentonite was tested in a batch experiment. The effects of pH, concentration, and temperature on removal have been studied. According to the findings, pH of 3 is optimal for phenol removal, with an optimal elimination rate of 88% at 50 ppm, 55 0C temperature, and 1 gram of bentonite. The isotherm study indicates the Freundlich model has the most accurate model, with an accuracy of 97%. The experimental RSM was used to develop a statistical model with a remarkable 90% accuracy.
Bivariate Map of Zinc Pollutant (Zn) in Sea Al-Najaf, via Geographic Information System
Authors: Jasim Ali Kareem , Walli Hazim A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A case study of 60 samples of sediment in the Sea Najaf. With the analysis of three different types of pollution indices (pollution factor, geographic accumulation index, and enrichment factor), The results of the analysis showed a significant difference in the presence of zinc in the different study areas. The high level of zinc was (270) μg/g, and the low was (99) μg/g. This indicates that the soil was contaminated, Analysis of contamination indicators in different areas to find out what zinc could be in the sediment and where it came from, The study revealed that metal concentrations were frequently greater along the lake’s edge. The sediments are the source of the zinc pollution; several contamination indicators were over the limit on the beaches but slightly below the maximum in the lake. The hot spot of ArcGIS Pro This application performs data queries to determine which parameters for hot spot analysis provide the greatest performance statistics and then generates a map with event points or weighted features indicating statistically significant hot and cold places. The results show the distribution of zinc on a map. It can be found in high concentrations in nearby farms.
Temporal and Spatial Analysis of Particulate Matter Concentrations in Iraq
Authors: Abbood Zainab M. , Al-Jiboori Monim H. , Al-Taai Osama T. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Particulate Matter (PM) is microscopic particles of solid or liquid matter suspended in the air. The term aerosol commonly refers to the particulate/air mixture, as opposed to the particulate matter alone. Sources of particulate matter can be natural or anthropogenic. They have impacts on climate and precipitation that adversely affect human health, in ways additional to direct inhalation. The statistical methods used in this study depend on the daily, monthly, and seasonal means of PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 with data taken from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) for the year 2021 at the times of 00.00 am, and 12.00 pm over Rutba, Mosul, Basrah, and Baghdad Stations. It has been shown that particulate matter 10 μm is more abundant in the atmosphere, especially at Rutba station. It has a large vertical movement over a wide area and thus leads to an increase in temperature and thus the formation of convection currents. This type of storm occurs within a certain layer of the atmosphere, starting from the surface of the earth to about 1.52 km. These storms are severe during the day and decrease in intensity during the night. They are long-lasting and can last for two weeks.
A study of the Composition of Chondrichthyes Fishes in the Shatt Al-Arab Estuary and Iraqi Marine Waters
Authors: Al-Shamary Ahmed Chasib , Younis Kadhim Hassan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThirteen Chondrichthyes fish were caught in the current study, belonging to 12 genera and (6) orders and representing (8) families from January 2018 to December 2018. The Dasyatidae family represented the highest number of species, represented by five species: Dasyatidae, Carcharhinidae, and Hemiscylliidae, forming 74.74% of the total number of individuals. The results of the relative abundance showed that three species,Brevitrygon walga, Brevitrygon imbricata, andPastinachus sephen, constituted 34.34% of the total number of individuals, and one resident speciesCarcharhinus leucas(9-12 month) appeared in the second station. No other resident species appeared in the first and third stations.
Estimating the Water Footprint of the Four Important Cereal Crops in the Euphrates River Basin, Iraq
Authors: Jabaar Mustafa Hamoudi , Abed Salwan Ali 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The footprint of water (WF) is a clear feature of how much water is used during crops and commodity production and other uses in industry and human use. The current research assessed and discussed the water footprint average of the main 4 crops in the seven Iraqi Euphrates River basin provinces during the 2010–2020 years. The levels of blue and green Water footprint were calculated using the Crop Water Requirement (CWR) option in CROPWAT 8.0 software and the findings were compared to global averages and other studies that looked at the same crops. The average annual usage water footprint (WF) for the provinces of Qadysia, Najaf, Dhi-Qar, Muthanna, Babylon, Anbar, and Karbala over the ten years. The average blue WF was 99.72 % and the green WF of rice was 0.28 % where the total production of WF was 789,281,155 m3/yr. Some provinces like Muthanna produces little and has a higher WF so, rice could be replace it with other crops such as vegetables that are provide most economic benefits and needed less water, and production should be concentrate in lower WF provinces like Qadysia and Najaf, while provinces for Najaf and Babylon has a relatively lower total WF of wheat but Anbar has higher WF and using more water for wheat rather than national averages. So, at these provinces, the wheat could be replace it with crops that are need less than water and provided most economic benefits. provinces for Babylon followed by Anbar have a relatively lower total WF of barley but, Dhi-Qar has a higher WF and uses more water of barley. Provinces of Najaf and Anbar has high WF while the Muthanna has lower WF, the current study is expecte to contribute to national authorities into develop most accurate irrigation water managements policies.
Assessment of Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) on Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio: Anesthesia
Authors: Alshkarchy Samer Saleem , Al-Niaeem Khalidah S. , Attee Raaed Sami 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The anesthetic efficacy of Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) powders was evaluated on common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) The following concentrations (250, 350, 450) mg/liter were used in three replicates. During the experiment, the period required for partial and total anesthesia and the time required for partial and total recovery was tested, as well as the number of red and white blood cells after and before Anesthesia in addition to blood serum enzymes represented (ALP, GOT, GPT, CK, and LDH in Ul / l). The results showed that the least period of anesthesia occurred in the fourth treatment, the treatment with a concentration of 450 mg / l, as well as the least period required for recovery, while the recovery period was the longest. And anesthesia in the first treatment exposed to a concentration of 250 mg/liter, and it was not noticed that there was a significant difference between each the number of red blood cells, white blood cells in the test fish before the experiment and after treatment with valerian plants, as well as each of (ALP, GOT, GPT, CK, and LDH in Ul / l) There were no significant differences between all treatments before and after exposure to valerian, and it is concluded from the study that valerian is a safe plant for use in anesthetizing fish.
Generating scalar and vector modes of Bessel beams utilizing holographic axicon phase with spatial light modulator
Authors: Baliyan Mansi , Nishchal Naveen K 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper presents an efficient method for the generation of scalar as well as vector modes of Bessel–Gaussian (BG) beams by utilizing a computer generated phase-only mask encoded using the spatial light modulator (SLM). A phase-only hologram corresponding to the transmission function of axicon combined with a spatial phase plate (SPP) is used. The SPP converts a Gaussian field into a phase singular beam of order l associated with an azimuthally varying spiral wavefront structure and the axicon helps achieve non-diffracting BG beams. A compact experimental setup is proposed for the experimental realization of BG fields possessing both homogeneous as well as spatially varying polarization distributions across the transverse plane. Scalar BG beams are generated through the modulation of the combined phase patterns of axicon and SPP with the SLM. Vector BG beams are generated in two special cases: azimuthally and radially polarized inhomogeneous distributions through dual-passes from the SLM. A non-interferometric technique of dual-pass modulation, from the phase patterns displayed on a single SLM, which is divided into two halves, has been utilized. Here, scalar BG beams with orthogonal phase structure are encoded into orthogonal components of incoming light for vector BG beam generation.
Matrix effect suppressing in the element analysis of soils by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy with acoustic correction
Authors: HE 何 Zhiquan 智权 , LIU 刘 Li 莉 , HAO 郝 Zhongqi 中骐 , XU 徐 Zhishuai 智帅 , WANG 王 Qi 奇 , LU 卢 Ying 颖 , ZHAO 赵 Ziyi 梓屹 , SHI 史 Jiulin 久林 , HE 何 Xingdao 兴道 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been used for soil analysis, but its measurement accuracy is often influenced by matrix effects of different kinds of soils. In this work, a method for matrix effect suppressing was developed using laser-induced plasma acoustic signals to correct the original spectrum, thereby improving the analysis accuracy of the soil elements. A good linear relationship was investigated firstly between the original spectral intensity and the acoustic signals. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba elements were then calculated for both the original spectrum and the spectrum with the acoustic correction, and the RSDs were significantly reduced with the acoustic correction. Finally, calibration curves of Mg I 285.213 nm, Ca I 422.673 nm, Sr I 460.733 nm and Ba II 455.403 nm were established to assess the analytical performance of the proposed acoustic correction method. The values of the determination coefficient (R
2) of the calibration curves for Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba elements, corrected by the acoustic amplitude, are improved from 0.9845, 0.9588, 0.6165, and 0.6490 to 0.9876, 0.9677, 0.8768, and 0.8209, respectively. The values of R
2 of the calibration curves corrected by the acoustic energy are further improved to 0.9917, 0.9827, 0.8835, and 0.8694, respectively. These results suggest that the matrix effect of LIBS on soils can be clearly improved by using acoustic correction, and acoustic energy correction works more efficiently than acoustic amplitude correction. This work provides a simple and efficient method for correcting matrix effects in the element analysis of soils by acoustic signals.
The collective burden of childhood dementia: a scoping review
Authors: Elvidge Kristina L , Christodoulou John , Farrar Michelle A , Tilden Dominic , Maack Megan , Valeri Madeline , Ellis Magda , Smith Nicholas J C ,   the Childhood Dementia Working Group, Thorburn David R , Hilton Gail , Van Velsen Ellie , Cini Danielle , Davis Briana , Webster Richard , Ellaway Carolyn J , Inwood Anita 
Published: July 2023

AbstractChildhood dementia is a devastating and under-recognized group of disorders with a high level of unmet need. Typically monogenic in origin, this collective of individual neurodegenerative conditions are defined by a progressive impairment of neurocognitive function, presenting in childhood and adolescence. This scoping review aims to clarify definitions and conceptual boundaries of childhood dementia and quantify the collective disease burden.A literature review identified conditions that met the case definition. An expert clinical working group reviewed and ratified inclusion. Epidemiological data were extracted from published literature and collective burden modelled.One hundred and seventy genetic childhood dementia disorders were identified. Of these, 25 were analysed separately as treatable conditions. Collectively, currently untreatable childhood dementia was estimated to have an incidence of 34.5 per 100 000 (1 in 2900 births), median life expectancy of 9 years and prevalence of 5.3 per 100 000 persons. The estimated number of premature deaths per year is similar to childhood cancer (0–14 years) and approximately 70% of those deaths will be prior to adulthood. An additional 49.8 per 100 000 births are attributable to treatable conditions that would cause childhood dementia if not diagnosed early and stringently treated. A relational database of the childhood dementia disorders has been created and will be continually updated as new disorders are identified (https://knowledgebase.childhooddementia.org/).We present the first comprehensive overview of monogenic childhood dementia conditions and their collective epidemiology. Unifying these conditions, with consistent language and definitions, reinforces motivation to advance therapeutic development and health service supports for this significantly disadvantaged group of children and their families.
A Machine Learning Model for the Routine Detection of “Wrong Blood in Complete Blood Count Tube” Errors
Authors: Farrell Christopher-John , Makuni Charles , Keenan Aaron , Maeder Ellena , Davies Gareth , Giannoutsos John 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Current laboratory procedures may fail to detect wrong blood in tube (WBIT) errors. Machine learning models have the potential to improve WBIT error detection, as demonstrated by proof-of-concept studies. The models developed so far, however, are not appropriate for routine use because they are unable to handle missing values and have low positive predictive value (PPV). In this study, a machine learning model suitable for routine use was developed.

Methods
A model was trained and a preliminary evaluation performed on a retrospective data set of 135 128 current and previous patient complete blood count (CBC) results. The model was then applied prospectively to routine samples tested in a public hospital laboratory over a period of 22 weeks. Each week, the 5 samples identified by the model as most likely to be WBIT errors underwent further investigation by testing blood group and red cell phenotype. The study assessed the number of WBIT errors that were missed by current procedures but detected by the model, as well as the PPV of the model.

Results
The model was applied prospectively to 38 187 CBC results that had passed routine laboratory checks. One hundred and ten samples were identified for further testing and 12 WBIT errors were detected. The PPV of the model was 10.9%.

Conclusion
A machine learning model suitable for routine use was able to identify WBIT errors missed by the laboratory’s current procedures. Machine learning models are valuable for the identification of WBIT errors, and their validation and deployment in clinical laboratories would improve patient safety.
A comparison of CAD/CAM-based fixed retainers versus conventional fixed retainers in orthodontic patients: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Bardideh Erfan , Ghorbani Mahsa , Shafaee Hooman , Saeedi Pooya , Younessian Farnaz 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective
Comparing computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) fixed retainers and conventional fixed retainers for their effectiveness in orthodontic patients using systematic review and meta-analysis of literature.

Search methods
A comprehensive search was conducted in MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane’s CENTRAL, Google Scholar, Ovid, and LILACS up to May 2023, with no language or date restrictions.

Selection criteria
Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that complied with PICO questions were included, and the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 (RoB 2) tool was used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies.

Data collection and analysis
Using custom-piloted forms, relevant data were retrieved from the included studies. Then a random-effects inverse variance meta-analysis was used to pool the results. Primary outcomes were stability of treatment results measured through dental cast measurements and periodontal status, while secondary outcomes were failure rates and patient-reported outcomes.

Results
Seven RCTs with 601 participants were included in the review. In the short term (≤6 months), the meta-analysis showed no significant differences in inter-canine distance or arch length between CAD/CAM and conventional fixed retainers in mandibular retainers. However, for Little’s irregularity index, single-stranded stainless-steel retainers were notably worse than Ni–Ti CAD/CAM retainers at 3 and 6 months, while multi-stranded stainless-steel retainers only diverged from CAD/CAM at the 6-month milestone, despite the overall clinical inconsequence of these changes. CAD/CAM retainers were associated with a lower plaque index than traditional retainers but no significant difference in gingival index. Failure rates did not differ significantly between CAD/CAM and other types of retainers in mandibular retainers. Nonetheless, one study had a high amount of CAD/CAM retainer failures leading to the study being stopped.

Conclusions
In the short term, CAD/CAM fixed retainers show promise as an alternative to traditional retainers. They may enhance periodontal health, as indicated by lower plaque index scores than conventional retainers. However, extensive research is needed to determine the long-term durability and effectiveness of CAD/CAM retainers in orthodontic treatment, particularly regarding their failure rate. Until comprehensive evidence is available, the use of CAD/CAM retainers should be tailored for each case.

Registration
The protocol for this systematic review was registered at PROSPERO with the ID CRD42023412741.