bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The CBIT + TMS trial: study protocol for a two-phase randomized controlled trial testing neuromodulation to augment behavior therapy for youth with chronic tics
Authors: Conelea Christine , Greene Deanna J. , Alexander Jennifer , Houlihan Kerry , Hodapp Sarah , Wellen Brianna , Francis Sunday , Mueller Bryon , Hendrickson Tim , Tseng Angela , Chen Mo , Fiecas Mark , Lim Kelvin , Opitz Alexander , Jacob Suma 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics (CBIT) is a first-line treatment for tic disorders that aims to improve controllability over tics that an individual finds distressing or impairing. However, it is only effective for approximately half of patients. Supplementary motor area (SMA)-directed neurocircuitry plays a strong role in motor inhibition, and activity in this region is thought to contribute to tic expression. Targeted modulation of SMA using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) may increase CBIT efficacy by improving patients' ability to implement tic controllability behaviors.

Methods
The CBIT + TMS trial is a two-phase, milestone-driven early-stage randomized controlled trial. The trial will test whether augmenting CBIT with inhibitory, non-invasive stimulation of SMA with TMS modifies activity in SMA-mediated circuits and enhances tic controllability in youth ages 12–21 years with chronic tics. Phase 1 will directly compare two rTMS augmentation strategies (1 Hz rTMS vs. cTBS) vs. sham in N = 60 participants. Quantifiable, a priori “Go/No Go Criteria” guide the decision to proceed to phase 2 and the selection of the optimal TMS regimen. Phase 2 will compare the optimal regimen vs. sham and test the link between neural target engagement and clinical outcomes in a new sample of N = 60 participants.

Discussion
This clinical trial is one of few to date testing TMS augmentation of therapy in a pediatric sample. The results will provide insight into whether TMS is a potentially viable strategy for enhancing CBIT efficacy and reveal potential neural and behavioral mechanisms of change.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04578912. Registered on October 8, 2020.
Awareness of celiac disease among the public in Kuwait: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Qasem Wafaa A. , Roumi Ali Al , Al Mojil Khaled , Sakijha Hind , AlMughamis Nouf 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objective
Health literacy levels among the general population predict better health outcomes and uptake of health services. Inequities in health literacy and uptake of health services are often observed in deprived neighborhoods. There is a paucity of data on literacy regarding celiac disease in Kuwait. Therefore, the present survey aims to address this paucity of data.

Results
We conducted a survey of 350 respondents in six governates of Kuwait. Although around 51% of respondents were aware of peanut allergy and gluten sensitivity, less than 15% were aware of celiac disease. More than 40% of respondents reported that a gluten-free diet should be promoted for everyone. Better awareness regarding CD was associated with Kuwaiti nationality, higher education levels and higher age. Among different governates, residents of Al-Asimah reported the highest awareness levels, while the rest of the governates did not differ significantly. While eating behavior did not significantly predict awareness regarding CD.
Plasma apolipoprotein E levels, isoform composition, and dimer profile in relation to plasma lipids in racially diverse patients with Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Giannisis Andreas , Al-Grety Asma , Carlsson Henrik , Howell Jennifer C. , Hu William T. , Kultima Kim , Nielsen Henrietta M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The APOEε4-promoted risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is lower in Black/African-Americans (B/AAs), compared to non-Hispanic whites (NHWs). Previous studies reported lower plasma apolipoprotein E (apoE) levels in NHW APOEε4-carriers compared to non-carriers, and low plasma apoE levels were directly associated with an increased risk of AD and all dementia. We further showed that APOEε3/ε3 AD patients exhibited reduced plasma apoE dimers compared to corresponding control subjects. Whether plasma apoE levels and apoE dimer formation differ between races/ethnicities and therefore may help explain AD risk racial disparity remains to be elucidated.

Methods
Using mass spectrometry, we determined total plasma apoE and apoE isoform levels in a cohort of B/AAs (n = 58) and NHWs (n = 67) including subjects with normal cognition (B/AA: n = 25, NHW: n = 28), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (B/AA: n = 24, NHW: n = 24), or AD dementia (B/AA: n = 9, NHW: n = 15). Additionally, we used non-reducing western blot analysis to assess the distribution of plasma apoE into monomers/disulfide-linked dimers. Plasma total apoE, apoE isoform levels, and % apoE monomers/dimers were assessed for correlations with cognition, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers, sTREM2, neurofilament light protein (NfL), and plasma lipids.

Results
Plasma apoE was predominantly monomeric in both racial groups and the monomer/dimer distribution was not affected by disease status, or correlated with CSF AD biomarkers, but associated with plasma lipids. Plasma total apoE levels were not related to disease status and only in the NHW subjects we observed lower plasma apoE levels in the APOEε4/ε4-carriers. Total plasma apoE levels were 2.6-fold higher in B/AA compared to NHW APOEε4/ε4 subjects and associated with plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in NHW subjects but with low-density lipoprotein levels (LDL) in the B/AA subjects. Higher plasma apoE4 levels, exclusively in APOEε3/ε4 B/AA subjects, were linked to higher plasma total cholesterol and LDL levels. In the controls, NHWs and B/AAs exhibited opposite associations between plasma apoE and CSF t-tau.

Conclusions
The previously reported lower APOEε4-promoted risk of AD in B/AA subjects may be associated with differences in plasma apoE levels and lipoprotein association. Whether differences in plasma apoE levels between races/ethnicities result from altered APOEε4 expression or turnover, needs further elucidation.
Primary and secondary tumors of the peritoneum: key imaging features and differential diagnosis with surgical and pathological correlation
Authors: Miguez González Javier , Calaf Forn Francesc , Pelegrí Martínez Laura , Lozano Arranz Pilar , Oliveira Caiafa Rafael , Català Forteza Jordi , Palacio Arteaga Lina Maria , Losa Gaspà Ferrán , Ramos Bernadó Isabel , Barrios Sánchez Pedro , Ayuso Colella Juan Ramón 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPeritoneal malignancies represent a diagnostic challenge for abdominal radiologists, oncologists, surgeons and pathologists in multidisciplinary teams, who must address their differential diagnosis, staging and treatment. In this article, we explain the pathophysiology of these processes and lay out the role of different imaging techniques in their evaluation. Then, we review the clinical and epidemiological aspects, the main radiological features and the therapeutic approaches for each primary and secondary peritoneal neoplasm, with surgical and pathological correlation. We further describe other rare peritoneal tumors of uncertain origin and a variety of entities that may mimic peritoneal malignancy. Finally, we summarize the key imaging findings of each peritoneal neoplasm to facilitate an accurate differential diagnosis that may impact patient management.Clinical relevance statementImaging plays an essential role in the evaluation of peritoneal malignancies, assessing their extension, detecting unfavorable sites of involvement and facilitating an accurate differential diagnosis, helping to choose the best therapeutic approach.
Graphical abstract
Photon-counting CT allows better visualization of temporal bone structures in comparison with current generation multi-detector CT
Authors: Hermans Robert , Boomgaert Lukas , Cockmartin Lesley , Binst Joke , De Stefanis Rashèl , Bosmans Hilde 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To compare photon-counting CT (PCCT) and multi-detector CT (MDCT) for visualization of temporal bone anatomic structures.

Methods
Thirty-six exams of temporal bones without pathology were collected from consecutive patients on a MDCT, and another 35 exams on a PCCT scanner. Two radiologists independently scored visibility of 14 structures for the MDCT and PCCT dataset, using a 5-point Likert scale, with a 2-month wash-out period. For MDCT, the acquisition parameters were: 110 kV, 64 × 0.6 mm (slice thickness reconstructed to 0.4 mm), pitch 0.85, quality ref. mAs 150, and 1 s rotation time; for PCCT: 120 kV, 144 × 0.2 mm, pitch 0.35, IQ level 75, and 0.5 s rotation time. Patient doses were reported as dose length product values (DLP). Statistical analysis was done using the Mann–Whitney U test, visual grading characteristic (VGC) analysis, and ordinal regression.

Results
Substantial agreement was found between readers (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.63 and 0.52 for MDCT and PCCT, resp.). All structures were scored higher for PCCT (p < 0.0001), except for Arnold’s canal (p = 0.12). The area under the VGC curve was 0.76 (95% CI, 0.73–0.79), indicating a significantly better visualization on PCCT. Ordinal regression showed the odds for better visualization are 354 times higher (95% CI, 75–1673) in PCCT (p < 0.0001). Average (range) of DLP was 95 (79–127) mGy*cm for MDCT and 74 (50–95) mGy*cm for PCCT (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
PCCT provides a better depiction of temporal bone anatomy than MDCT, at a lower radiation dose.

Graphical Abstract

Critical relevance statement
PCCT provides a better depiction of temporal bone anatomy than MDCT, at a lower radiation dose.

Key points

PCCT allows high-resolution imaging of temporal bone structures.

Compared to MDCT, the visibility of normal temporal bone structures is scored better with PCCT.

PCCT allows to obtain high-quality CT images of the temporal bones at lower radiation doses than MDCT.
SOCS3 inhibits the mesenchymal stromal cell secretory factor SDF-1-mediated improvement of islet function in non-obese diabetic mice
Authors: Sui Mingxing , Li Tuo , Lu Hanlan , Li Yanhua , Huang Juan , Zhang Pei , Wang Shusen , Zeng Li 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Islet transplantation is used therapeutically in a minority of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, successful outcomes are hampered by early islet β-cell loss caused by immune rejection and autoimmunity. Recent studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stromal cells can enhance islet function both in vitro and in vivo by secreting ligands that activate islet G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) is an MSC-secreted GPCR ligand, whereas the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) is a negative regulator of STAT3-activating cytokines. Here, we determined whether improvement in islet function mediated by exogenous SDF-1 is impaired by SOCS3 in experimental models of T1D.

Methods
Isolated islets were cultured for 48 h with SDF-1. Cytokine-induced apoptosis was measured immediately. Islets from Socs3−/− mice were pre-cultured with exogenous SDF-1 and transplanted underneath the kidney capsule of C57BL/6 mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Blood glucose levels were monitored for 28 days. AMD3100, an antagonist of the SDF-1 ligand CXCR4, was administered subcutaneously to islet transplanted mice to inhibit CXCR4 before and after transplantation.

Results
SDF-1 protected islet cells from cytokine-induced apoptosis in vitro. SOCS3-knockout (KO) islets pretreated with SDF-1 were effective in reducing blood glucose in non-obese diabetic mice in vivo. We found that SDF-1 elicits localized immunosuppression in transplanted SOCS3-KO islets. Immunomodulation was observed when SOCS-KO islets were preconditioned with SDF-1. Gene expression and flow cytometric analyses revealed significantly decreased immune cell infiltration, inflammatory cytokines, and concomitant increases in FOXP3+ regulatory T cells, alternatively activated M2 macrophages, and dendritic cell phenotypes. Administration of AMD3100 impaired the SDF-1-mediated improvement in SOCS3-KO islet function and local immune suppression.

Conclusion
SDF-1 improves the function of islet grafts in autoimmune diabetes through regulation by CXCR4; however, the presence of SOCS3 reverses the protective effect of SDF-1 on islet grafts. These data reveal a molecular pathway that can elicit localized immunosuppression and delay graft destruction in transplanted islets.
Predictive value of 99mTc-MAA-based dosimetry in personalized 90Y-SIRT planning for liver malignancies
Authors: Riveira-Martin Mercedes , Akhavanallaf Azadeh , Mansouri Zahra , Bianchetto Wolf Nicola , Salimi Yazdan , Ricoeur Alexis , Mainta Ismini , Garibotto Valentina , López Medina Antonio , Zaidi Habib 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundSelective internal radiation therapy with90Y radioembolization aims to selectively irradiate liver tumours by administering radioactive microspheres under the theragnostic assumption that the pre-therapy injection of99mTc labelled macroaggregated albumin (99mTc-MAA) provides an estimation of the90Y microspheres biodistribution, which is not always the case. Due to the growing interest in theragnostic dosimetry for personalized radionuclide therapy, a robust relationship between the delivered and pre-treatment radiation absorbed doses is required. In this work, we aim to investigate the predictive value of absorbed dose metrics calculated from99mTc-MAA (simulation) compared to those obtained from90Y post-therapy SPECT/CT.ResultsA total of 79 patients were analysed. Pre- and post-therapy 3D-voxel dosimetry was calculated on99mTc-MAA and90Y SPECT/CT, respectively, based on Local Deposition Method. Mean absorbed dose, tumour-to-normal ratio, and absorbed dose distribution in terms of dose-volume histogram (DVH) metrics were obtained and compared for each volume of interest (VOI). Mann–Whitney U-test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were used to assess the correlation between both methods. The effect of the tumoral liver volume on the absorbed dose metrics was also investigated. Strong correlation was found between simulation and therapy mean absorbed doses for all VOIs, although simulation tended to overestimate tumour absorbed doses by 26%. DVH metrics showed good correlation too, but significant differences were found for several metrics, mostly on non-tumoral liver. It was observed that the tumoral liver volume does not significantly affect the differences between simulation and therapy absorbed dose metrics.ConclusionThis study supports the strong correlation between absorbed dose metrics from simulation and therapy dosimetry based on90Y SPECT/CT, highlighting the predictive ability of99mTc-MAA, not only in terms of mean absorbed dose but also of the dose distribution.
A pathogenic and recombinant infectious bronchitis virus variant (CK/CH/GX/202109) with multiorgan tropism
Authors: Wang Chenyan , Hou Bo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDespite vaccine use, novel strains and variants of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) have emerged continuously, leading to economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. This study aimed to characterize the IBV isolate CK/CH/GX/202109 from three yellow broilers in Guangxi, China. Recombination was shown to have occurred in regions of the 1ab gene. Compared to the whole genome of ck/CH/LGX/130530, which is genotypically related to tl/CH/LDT3-03, the 202109 strain had 21 mutations. The pathological assessment showed that this variant caused 30% and 40% mortality in 1-day-old chicks infected with oral and ocular inoculum, respectively. Nephritis, enlarged proventriculus, inflammation of the gizzard, and atrophy of the bursa of Fabricius were also observed at both 7 and 14 days post-infection (dpi). Viral loads in the trachea, proventriculus, gizzard, kidney, bursa, and cloacal swabs were higher at 7 dpi than at 14 dpi. Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that this virus exhibited multiple organ tropisms capable of infecting the trachea, proventriculus, gizzard, kidney, bursa, ileum, jejunum, and rectum. Almost none of the 1-day-old infected chicks seroconverted until 14 dpi. While the virus was found in the ileum, jejunum, and rectum in the 28-day-old ocular group, the majority of 28-day-old infected chickens seroconverted at 10 dpi. These study findings demonstrate that recombination events and mutations during the evolution of IBV may greatly alter tissue tropism and emphasize the need for the continued surveillance of novel strains and variants in order to control this infection.
Secrecy performance analysis of IRS-NOMA systems
Authors: Ghavami Hossein , Akhbari Bahareh 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we propose to utilize an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) as a promising technology to enhance the coverage and physical layer security of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system. In particular, an IRS-assisted NOMA system is considered with the aid of careful channel ordering of the NOMA users, in which the transmitter sends superposed signals to multiple legitimate users by virtue of the IRS in the presence of multiple eavesdroppers. Meanwhile, the secrecy performance of the IRS-assisted NOMA system is investigated under two wiretapping cases: non-colluding and colluding external eavesdroppers. In the non-colluding case, eavesdroppers operate independently, while in the colluding case, every eavesdroppers can combine their observations to decode the messages. To this end, we derive the approximate closed-form expressions for the secrecy outage probability (SOP) and the asymptotic SOP for each wiretapping case. Also, we assume that the phase of the IRS elements is set by using the ON–OFF control method. Based on analytical results, we show that the secrecy diversity order of the IRS-NOMA at legitimate users is in connection with the number of reflecting elements. From the numerical results, it can be seen that the IRS-NOMA can achieve superior secrecy performance with increasing the number of reflecting elements of the IRS. However, we also find out that using the finite ON state reflective elements can improve the secrecy performance. Actually, increasing the number of ON state reflective elements above five has a negative effect on the system’s secrecy performance.
Dissemination of knowledge from Cochrane Public Health reviews: a bibliographic study
Authors: Helmer Stefanie Maria , Matthias Katja , Mergenthal Lea , Reimer Mia , De Santis Karina Karolina 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Appropriate dissemination of public health evidence is of high importance to ensure that scientific knowledge reaches potential stakeholders and relevant population groups. A wide distrust towards science and its findings indicates that communication thereof remains below its potential. Cochrane Public Health provides an important source of high-quality scientific evidence in the field of public health via reviews with systematic methodology. The aims of this study were to identify (1) dissemination strategies and (2) stakeholders of Cochrane Public Health reviews.

Methods
This is a bibliographic study with a cross-sectional design. All 68 records (reviews or review protocols) listed on the Cochrane Public Health website (https://ph.cochrane.org/cph-reviews-and-topics) up to 8 March 2022 were included. Record characteristics, dissemination strategies, and potential stakeholder details were coded by one author, and 10% of records were checked by another author. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics or narratively into common themes.

Results
The 68 records were published between 2010 and 2022 and included 15 review protocols and 53 reviews with systematic methodology (46 systematic, 6 rapid, and 1 scoping review). All 53 reviews were disseminated via open-access plain language summaries (PLS) in English with translations into 3–13 other languages. Other dissemination strategies included information on Cochrane websites (e.g., clinical answers or guidelines) available for 41/53 reviews and Cochrane news or blogs that mentioned 19/53 reviews. Overall, 23/68 records mentioned the actual stakeholder involvement in review production, protocol development, or formulation of dissemination plans. The potential stakeholders included several highly diverse groups, such as the general population or specific communities (e.g., racial minority groups), policy and decision makers, and researchers and professionals in various fields (e.g., nutrition, physical activity, education, or care).

Conclusions
This study shows that Cochrane Public Health reviews are disseminated predominantly via PLS in different languages and via review information on Cochrane websites. Planned dissemination strategies were rarely reported although actual stakeholders were involved in the planning and production of some reviews. The relevance of Cochrane Public Health reviews for non-academic stakeholders and the general population highlights the need for the dissemination of evidence from such reviews beyond academia.

Systematic review registration
The study was prospectively registered at the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/ga9pt/).
Seeking adverse effects in systematic reviews of orthodontic interventions: a cross-sectional study (part 1)
Authors: Steegmans Pauline A. J. , Di Girolamo Nicola , Bipat Shandra , Reynders Reint A. Meursinge 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Systematic reviews that assess the benefits of interventions often do not completely capture all dimensions of the adverse effects. This cross-sectional study (part 1 of 2 studies) assessed whether adverse effects were sought, whether the findings on these effects were reported, and what types of adverse effects were identified in systematic reviews of orthodontic interventions.

Methods
Systematic reviews of orthodontic interventions on human patients of any health status, sex, age, and demographics, and socio-economic status, in any type of setting assessing any type of adverse effect scored at any endpoint or timing were eligible. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and 5 leading orthodontic journals were manually searched for eligible reviews between August 1 2009 and July 31 2021. Study selection and data extraction was conducted by two researchers independently. Prevalence proportions were calculated for four outcomes on seeking and reporting of adverse effects of orthodontic interventions. Univariable logistic regression models were used to determine the association between each one of these outcomes and the journal in which the systematic review was published using the eligible Cochrane reviews as reference.

Results
Ninety-eight eligible systematic reviews were identified. 35.7% (35/98) of reviews defined seeking of adverse effects as a research objective, 85.7% (84/98) sought adverse effects, 84.7% (83/98) reported findings related to adverse effects, and 90.8% (89/98) considered or discussed potential adverse effects in the review. Reviews in the journal Orthodontics and Craniofacial Research compared with Cochrane reviews had approximately 7 times the odds (OR 7.20, 95% CI 1.08 to 47.96) to define seeking of adverse effects in the research objectives. Five of the 12 categories of adverse effects accounted for 83.1% (162/195) of all adverse effects sought and reported.

Conclusions
Although the majority of included reviews sought and reported adverse effects of orthodontic interventions, end-users of these reviews should beware that these findings do not give the complete spectrum on these effects and that they could be jeopardized by the risk of non-systematically assessing and reporting of adverse effects in these reviews and in the primary studies that feed them. Much research is ahead such as developing core outcome sets on adverse effects of interventions for both primary studies and systematic reviews.