bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Dexamethasone on IL-6 Levels in Confirmed COVID-19 Patients Treated at RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang
Authors: Hasibuan Bobby , Medison Irvan , Anggrainy Fenty 
Published: August 2023

Background: Elevated IL-6 levels have been found in COVID-19 patients and are associated with a poor prognosis. According to COVID-19 management guidelines, several types of corticosteroids can be used as therapy modalities for COVID-19 patients, including dexamethasone, methylprednisolone, and hydrocortisone. The purpose of this study was to examine how dexamethasone administration affected changes in IL-6 levels in confirmed COVID-19 patients at RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang.Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study with a sample of all COVID-19 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were treated in the COVID-19 isolation ward at RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang. The study began in June 2021 and concluded in July 2022. The data was analyzed both descriptively and analytically. The distribution of frequencies and proportions of each variable was included in the univariate analysis. Bivariate analysis employs data-scale-appropriate statistical tests such as the T-test to determine the relationship between independent and dependent variables.Results: The characteristic of the patients were mostly 18-49 years old (37.22%), female (55.67%), of severe clinical degree (49.44%), had no comorbidities (52.78%) and the majority (77.78%) received dexamethasone in the recommended dose (1 x 6 mg). The study's findings revealed that there was no difference in IL-6 values before and after dexamethasone administration in patients with moderate clinical degrees, but there were differences in IL-6 values before and after dexamethasone administration in patients with severe and critical clinical degrees.Conclusion: The IL-6 level has significantly decreased following dexamethasone administration. Dexamethasone administration causes significant changes in IL-6 values in severe and critical degrees but not in moderate clinical degree.
KETERAMPILAN MENCERITAKAN KEMBALI ISI FABEL MELALUI MEDIA BONEKA DAN GAMBAR TEMPEL SISWA KELAS II SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Shafira Firdaus Sarjono  , Dina Prasetyowati  , Fenny Roshayanti  
Published: August 2023

ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi belum optimalnya kemampuan berbicara peserta didik dalam menceritakan kembali cerita yang didengar karena kurangnya pemanfaatan media pembelajaran. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis keterampilan menceritakan kembali isi fabel melalui media boneka dan gambar tempel pada siswa kelas II Sekolah Dasar Negeri Bendungan Semarang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan pengamatan langsung, angket, dan dokumentasi. Hasil Penelitian menunjukan bahwa melalui media boneka mampu mendukung pembelajaran menyimak cerita dengan menarik perhatian peserta didik dan mampu membuat pesan atau isi cerita yang disampaikan menjadi lebih jelas, sementara itu melalui gambar tempel dapat membantu peserta didik untuk berpikir, mengingat, dan mengerti materi dengan mudah dalam menceritakan kembali isi fabel.

Kata Kunci: keterampilan menceritakan, fabel, gambar tempel, media boneka.
The Comparison of Contact with Inmates, Risk Perception, and Mental Health of Officers in a Correctional Institution with Different Levels of Security
Authors: Hamzah Imaduddin , Umar Anwar  , Vivi Sylviani Biafri  , Qisthina Aulia  
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Correctional institutions (LP) have various levels of security that are adjusted to the characteristics of the inmates accommodated in it. This level of security includes minimum, medium, and maximum prisons and often includes special prisons for prisoners with special needs or high danger. Differences in security levels present unique dynamics and challenges in contact between officers and inmates, perceptions of risk, and their impact on officers' mental health.
Methods: This study is an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 116 research subjects participated in this study. This study observes contact between officers and inmates using the contact with inmate scale. Perception of risk is measured by a scale compiled by Ferdik. The mental health assessment of correctional worker participants used the mental health inventory (MHI-38) made by Veit and Ware.
Results: Officers in medium-security level penitentiaries have more positive contact with inmates than in maximum and super-maximum security level penitentiaries. Likewise, the aspect of officer risk perception in medium-security level penitentiaries shows a lower score than in maximum and super-maximum security level penitentiaries. However, super-maximum security level penitentiary officers show a lower level of mental health than medium security level penitentiaries.
Conclusion: There are differences in correctional officers' contact with inmates, risk perception, and mental health of correctional officers in prisons with different levels of security.
Immune regulation of the gut-brain axis and lung-brain axis involved in ischemic stroke
Authors: Xie Xiaodi , Wang Lei , Dong Shanshan , Ge ShanChun , Zhu Ting 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Local ischemia often causes a series of inflammatory reactions when both brain immune cells and the peripheral immune response are activated. In the human body, the gut and lung are regarded as the key reactional targets that are initiated by brain ischemic attacks. Mucosal microorganisms play an important role in immune regulation and metabolism and affect blood-brain barrier permeability. In addition to the relationship between peripheral organs and central areas and the intestine and lung also interact among each other. Here, we review the molecular and cellular immune mechanisms involved in the pathways of inflammation across the gut-brain axis and lung-brain axis. We found that abnormal intestinal flora, the intestinal microenvironment, lung infection, chronic diseases, and mechanical ventilation can worsen the outcome of ischemic stroke. This review also introduces the influence of the brain on the gut and lungs after stroke, highlighting the bidirectional feedback effect among the gut, lungs, and brain.
MicroRNAs as potential biomarkers for diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Martinez Bridget , Peplow Philip V. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Inappropriate levels of hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention characterize attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, a common childhood-onset neuropsychiatric disorder. The cognitive function and learning ability of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are affected, and these symptoms may persist to adulthood if they are not treated. The diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is only based on symptoms and objective tests for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are missing. Treatments for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children include medications, behavior therapy, counseling, and education services which can relieve many of the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder but cannot cure it. There is a need for a molecular biomarker to distinguish attention deficit hyperactivity disorder from healthy subjects and other neurological conditions, which would allow for an earlier and more accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment to be initiated. Abnormal expression of microRNAs is connected to brain development and disease and could provide novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The recent studies reviewed had performed microRNA profiling in whole blood, white blood cells, blood plasma, and blood serum of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. A large number of microRNAs were dysregulated when compared to healthy controls and with some overlap between individual studies. From the studies that had included a validation set of patients and controls, potential candidate biomarkers for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children could be miR-140-3p, let-7g-5p, -30e-5p, -223-3p, -142-5p, -486-5p, -151a-3p, -151a-5p, and -126-5p in total white blood cells, and miR-4516, -6090, -4763-3p, -4281, -4466, -101-3p, -130a-3p, -138-5p, -195-5p, and -106b-5p in blood serum. Further studies are warranted with children and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and consideration should be given to utilizing rat models of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Animal studies could be used to confirm microRNA findings in human patients and to test the effects of targeting specific microRNAs on disease progression and behavior.
Astrocytic endothelin-1 overexpression impairs learning and memory ability in ischemic stroke via altered hippocampal neurogenesis and lipid metabolism
Authors: Li Jie , Jiang Wen , Cai Yuefang , Ning Zhenqiu , Zhou Yingying , Wang Chengyi , Chung Sookja Ki , Huang Yan , Sun Jingbo , Deng Minzhen , Zhou Lihua , Cheng Xiao 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202403000-00041/inline-graphic1/v/2023-09-27T141015Z/r/image-tiff

Vascular etiology is the second most prevalent cause of cognitive impairment globally. Endothelin-1, which is produced and secreted by endothelial cells and astrocytes, is implicated in the pathogenesis of stroke. However, the way in which changes in astrocytic endothelin-1 lead to poststroke cognitive deficits following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion is not well understood. Here, using mice in which astrocytic endothelin-1 was overexpressed, we found that the selective overexpression of endothelin-1 by astrocytic cells led to ischemic stroke-related dementia (1 hour of ischemia; 7 days, 28 days, or 3 months of reperfusion). We also revealed that astrocytic endothelin-1 overexpression contributed to the role of neural stem cell proliferation but impaired neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Comprehensive proteome profiles and western blot analysis confirmed that levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein and peroxiredoxin 6, which were differentially expressed in the brain, were significantly increased in mice with astrocytic endothelin-1 overexpression in comparison with wild-type mice 28 days after ischemic stroke. Moreover, the levels of the enriched differentially expressed proteins were closely related to lipid metabolism, as indicated by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry nontargeted metabolite profiling of brain tissues showed that astrocytic endothelin-1 overexpression altered lipid metabolism products such as glycerol phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, and phosphatidic acid. Overall, this study demonstrates that astrocytic endothelin-1 overexpression can impair hippocampal neurogenesis and that it is correlated with lipid metabolism in poststroke cognitive dysfunction.
Study on Intratumoral Heterogeneity of Expression of Estrogen Receptor, Progesterone Receptor, and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 in Carcinoma Breast
Authors: Uthayasuriyan Ragavi , Jacob Sheba K , Shah Saloni Naresh 
Published: August 2023

Aim: The aim of this study was to study intratumoral heterogeneity in the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) between two different cores/blocks of core needle biopsy (CNB), two different blocks of the same lesion in resection specimen (RS), and in between the CNB and RS. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective observational study of all the cases of breast carcinoma received in the department of histopathology for 2 years. All the patients with breast carcinoma diagnosed by CNB and RS were analyzed by three pathologists independently by immunohistochemistry. Results: Of the 75 cases, 74 were females and 1 male with a peak incidence of 60–70 years. Invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (97%) was the most common, followed by invasive lobular carcinoma (3%). Grade III tumors (44%) were more common, followed by Grade II (39%) and Grade I (17%). ER and PR showed a concordance rate of 96% ( P < 0.05), whereas the HER2 showed a concordance rate of 93% ( P < 0.05%). The concordance of ER decreased with increasing tumor size and grade, while PR and HER2 showed variable concordance with tumor size and grade. Conclusion: The concordance rate of ER and PR (96%) was higher than (93%) HER2. In most cases, biomarker expression in core biopsy and single tumor block was reflective of breast carcinoma as a whole. However, because of the heterogeneous expression of biomarkers, we recommend testing tumors with negative biomarker expression on CNB, again on the RS.
The Prevalence of Nonvenereal Dermatoses in Male External Genitalia: A Hospital-based Study
Authors: Raja S Karthik , Premlal K S 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Nonvenereal skin diseases are often confused with sexually transmitted diseases. It is responsible not only for the physician's diagnostic dilemma but also for significant patient concerns. Identifying the cause or aggravating factors can save the patient from distress. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the clinical pattern and prevalence of nongenital diseases. Methods: All males attending the dermatology outpatient department in our hospital are included in the study after getting informed consent. Detailed history, including demographic data, chief complaints related to skin, any symptoms in genitalia, drug history, and history of sexual exposures, was recorded. Results: The prevalence of nonvenereal genital lesions during the period was 8.2% of patients attending the dermatology department. A total of 21% of nonvenereal genital dermatoses were studied in 82 patients. The most common ones encountered are pearly penile papules and tinea cruris, contributing 19.5% each. Vitiligo is the following most expected condition, involving 13.4% of patients. Among the total 82 patients with nonvenereal genital dermatoses, 65.8% had symptoms in external genitalia, and the rest of the 34.2% of patients did not have any complaints in genitalia. Conclusion: Among the 82 patients with nonvenereal dermatoses, 54 (65.85%) had symptoms in external genitalia. The study helped us understand the pattern and clinical characteristics of various nonvenereal genital dermatoses.
Custodiol over cold blood cardioplegia in minimal invasive cardiac valve surgery
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed Nabil , Mohamed Ibrahem Shady Maged Ahmed , Fadala Mohsen Abd-elkerim , Moustafa Moustafa Gamal El-din 
Published: August 2023

Background
Custodiol has been used as a multi-organ preservation solution and as cardioplegia in cardiac surgery in several nations, but not elsewhere in the globe. Long procedures can be completed without interruption with just one dosage, which offers myocardial protection for up to three hours.

Objective
This study compared the effects of Custodiol and Cold Blood Cardioplegia on the protection of the myocardium during minimally invasive cardiac valve surgery.

Patients and methods
On 82 patients receiving Custodiol and Cold Blood Cardioplegia during Minimally Invasive Cardiac Valve Surgery, a prospective research was done. The investigation took place between January 2021 and March 2022. There were two groups of patients. There were 41 patients in Group (A) who received Custodiol cardioplegia, and there were 41 patients in Group (B) who received cold blood cardioplegia. The study’s secondary endpoint was the measurement of Left ventricular ejection fraction in serial echocardiograms, whereas the study’s primary result was the detection of increased cardiac enzymes in serial measurements, signifying myocardial damage.

Results
Our data’s statistical analysis revealed that none of the outcomes under investigation exhibited a statistically significant difference between groups.

Conclusion
As determined by CK-MB and EF, a single-dose of antegrade cold custodiol cardioplegia during minimally invasive cardiac surgery is just as effective at preserving the myocardial as repeated antegrade cold blood cardioplegia.
Outcomes of thermal ablation combined with u/s guided foam sclerotherapy in treatment of superficial venous reflux in patients with postphlebitic venous leg ulcer
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed Ismail , ELGaly Mohamed Ahmed , Rady Mohamed Ahmed Hassan , Fakhr Mohamed Emam 
Published: August 2023

Background
Venous leg ulcers are a considerable health problem because of their high incidence, slow healing, high recurrence rate, and high cost of treatment. Minimally invasive treatments such as endovenous thermal ablation and foam sclerotherapy proved to be safe and effective. However, there is a paucity in studies focusing on the management of postphlebitic venous ulcers using endovenous thermal ablation of the superficial system in combination with foam sclerotherapy.

Objectives
The aim of our study was to assess the healing time, procedure-related complications and recurrence rate in patients having a postphlebitic venous leg ulcer after being treated with EVLA associated with ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy to incompetent perforators with compression therapy.

Subjects and methods
This is a prospective observational study, conducted at Ain Shams University Hospitals and Nasser institute hospital in Cairo on 30 patients presented with postphlebitic venous leg ulcers.

Results
After one year, 90% of cases had a totally healed ulcers, 10% with ulcer decrease in size of more than 50%, and recurrence rate 6.7%. The adverse events of this procedure were DVT (6%), hematoma (6%), ecchymosis (43%), thrombophlebitis (6%), and pain (70%). There was significant improvement of the VCSS as regard pain, edema, inflammation, ulcer size, and number. There was highly significant (P < 0.0001) improvement in the mean (SD) VCSS (preoperative 18 [2.808] vs. postoperative 6.367 [2.3449]).

Conclusion
Patients with totally recanalized deep venous system post deep venous thrombosis, presenting with nonhealing venous leg ulcers, may benefit from thermal ablation of superficial varicose veins combined with ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy. This combined approach is a feasible, safe, and effective modality in terms of improved healing rate, low recurrence rate, low complications, and significant improvement in quality of life.
The perioperative challenge of umbilical hernias management in chronic liver disease: a multicentric comparative study
Authors: Khedr Ehab M. , Awad Selmy S. , Asiri Majed , AlThomali Musab , Kaheel Esraa J. , Alkhammash Shumukh , Altalhi Abdullah , Atallah Hashim M. , Alshehri Hamed A. , Al-Amri Nadiah G. , Assmary Zahra'a A. , Alotaibi Abdulaziz F. , Kaabi Manal A. , Alshamrani Abdullah A. , Alzahrani Azzah , Almogathali Malak F. , Salim Abdou , Tarabay Ahmed 
Published: August 2023

Background
Umbilical hernias are likely to develop in liver cirrhosis patients with ascites as the disease progresses. It is debatable how to handle cirrhotic patients who have an umbilical hernia. Our goal was to examine the perioperative outcome, safety, and efficacy of surgical management of umbilical hernia in ascitic patients using anatomical repair and intraperitoneal mesh repair.

Methods
180 patients who reported to between June 2017 and September 2022 with umbilical hernias complaints related to chronic liver disease were included in the study and divided into three groups: − Group A (56 cases) 4 instances were lost to followup, Group B (60 cases), and Group C (60 cases).

Results
There was a little difference between cases treated surgically and ones treated conservatively. Typically, child B was involved. In group A, 34 patients (60.7%) experienced solitary or combined problems in total. Of these, 14 candidates (25%) involved strangling, eight (14.3%) involved blockage, and twelve (21.4%) involved leaking hernias. Four instances (6.7%) of seroma, four cases (6.7%) of hematoma, twelve cases (20%) of ascitic leak, 32 cases (53.3%) of recurrence, and four cases (5.6%) of encephalopathy were in group B cases. In group C, there were 16 instances (13.3%) of ascetic leak, 12 cases (20%) of wound infection, 12 cases (20%) of seroma, ten cases (16.7%) of recurrence, and four cases (6.7%) of encephalopathy.

Conclusion
It is advised to do elective treatment for umbilical hernias. mesh reinforcement of abdominal wall hernias is more common as it has a lower risk of hernia recurrence.
Indocyanine green direct injection into gallbladder during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a safety method to outline biliary anatomy
Authors: Hedaya Mohammed Saied , Ayad Amr Mohamed Abd-Elfatah , Helmy Ayman Salah , Sultan Engy 
Published: August 2023

Background
One of the most frequently done operations in digestive surgery is the laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Despite several safety precautions and guidelines, iatrogenic bile duct damage (BDI) during LC still occurs at a very high incidence. Fluorescence of biliary system may minimise surgical difficulties that might emerge owing to unintended harm to the common bile duct.

Methods
We outline a technique for directly injecting Indocyanine Green (ICG) into the gallbladder to clarify the architecture of the cystic duct and common bile duct. Fifty patients who underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy participated in the study, which was a randomised controlled clinical trial. Patients who had intraoperative direct injection of ICG into the gallbladder were chosen at random using closed envelope technique, then using near-infrared fluorescence (NIF) imaging during LC) and controls (who underwent standard LC technique) Twenty five patients in each limb. Patients were studied pre-operative, intraoperative & postoperative. 50 patients in all, 25 of whom received LC with intracholecystic ICG injection, and 25 of whom underwent standard LC without the use of ICG, were included in our study.

Results
ICG dye was successful to delineate extrahepatic biliary anatomy well in 20 cases out of 25, while without ICG, 9 cases out of 25 were without clear delineation of common bile duct intraoperative even if cystic duct was clear enough to avoid complications in both groups . Operative Time average in cases with ICG-assisted LC was 78±15.0 min which was less than the average of time consumed in LC without ICG to dissect cystic duct and visualize critical view of safety, 101±11.87 min

Conclusion
Direct gallbladder ICG infusion enables quick extrahepatic biliary system imaging and clarifies the dissection, increasing protection against BDI and reducing intraoperative dissection time.