bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extending the use of biologics to mucous membranes by attachment of a binding domain
Authors: Shanks Robert M. Q. , Romanowski Eric G. , Romanowski John E. , Davoli Katherine , McNamara Nancy A. , Klarlund Jes K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBiologics are almost exclusively administered systemically, but localized delivery is preferable as it minimizes off-target exposure and allows more aggressive treatments. Topical application of biologics to epithelia is generally ineffective because most are covered with fluids and biologics are washed out too quickly to have significant therapeutic effects. Here we explore the idea that attaching a binding domain can serve as an “anchor” to extend the residency time of biologics on wet epithelia, allowing their effective use even with infrequent applications. We use topical application to the ocular surface as a challenging test since foreign substances are washed out especially efficiently by tear flow and blinking. Our results demonstrate that conjugation of antibodies to wheat germ agglutinin, which binds GlcNAc and sialic acid that are ubiquitously present in tissues, increases their half-life 350-fold upon application to the ocular surface in a mouse model of dry eye, a common and onerous disease in humans. Importantly, antibodies to IL-17A, IL-23, and IL-1β conjugated to the agglutinin reduces manifestations of dry eye, even when applied just once daily. In contrast, unconjugated antibodies are ineffective. Attaching an anchor to biologics is a simple means to overcome washout and to extend their therapeutic use.
An optimization capacity design method of household integrated energy system based on multi‐objective egret swarm optimization
Authors: Liu Yakui , Yu Chenhui , Li Dejun , Wang Longquan , Li Xing , Li Hongyun , Wang Fengchao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe construction of a household integrated energy system will reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote sustainable development. Firstly, a household energy system is proposed, which consists of a photovoltaic, wind turbine, electrolysis cell, hydrogen storage tank, and hydrogen‐fired gas turbine. The proposed system is modelled as a bi‐objective optimization problem in which the minimum daily system economic cost, and the minimum loss of energy supply probability. Secondly, a novel multi‐objective egret swarm optimization algorithm with strong search capability and fast convergence is proposed. Thirdly, a household load corresponding to a typical day in spring is chosen as the study case. The optimization results show that the daily system economic cost with the optimal number of devices is 97.48 RMB, and the loss of energy supply probability is 8.33% at the lowest. Finally, to validate the efficiency of the proposed method, the proposed method is compared with NSGA‐II (a widely used multi‐objective evolutionary algorithm). The comparison indicates that the proposed method has a better diversity due to the random searchability. As a consequence, the proposed method can be used in the optimization capacity design of the integrated energy system.
Gesundheit fördern und schützen: Die Chance
für ein modernes Public Health System in Deutschland nutzen -
jetzt!
Authors: Rosenbrock Rolf , Geene Raimund 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungEs mangelt in Deutschland an institutioneller und regulativer Struktur sowie
Koordination für Public Health. Die aktuellen Reformansätze beim
öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienst (ÖGD-Pakt), zur Gründung
eines Bundesinstituts für öffentliche Gesundheit und zur
Novellierung des Präventionsgesetzes bieten Chancen, im Rahmen dieser
Reformen die Fundamente für eine moderne Public Health-Struktur zu
legen. Dafür werden in der vorliegenden Ausarbeitung, angelehnt an das
Handlungsfeld Gesundheitsförderung und Primärprävention,
die fünf Aufgabenbereiche 1. sozialepidemiologische Daten, 2.
Gesundheitskommunikation, 3. Interventionsdurchführung, 4.
Methodenentwicklung, Evaluation und Qualitätsentwicklung und 5.
Diskursivierung skizziert, die sowohl für die praktische Arbeit aller
identifizierten Akteure als auch für ihre Koordinierung von hoher
Relevanz sind. Zusammengenommen eröffnet dies ein Fenster der
Möglichkeiten für eine kohärente,
flächendeckende, handlungs- und lernfähige Infrastruktur
für Public Health in Deutschland.
Hyperreactio luteinalis mit Zufallsbefund eines serösen
Borderline-Tumor des Ovars FIGO IIIB im 3. Trimenon – Diagnostik,
Therapie, Literaturrecherche
Authors: Mergel Franziska , Schochter Fabienne , DeGregorio Nikolaus , Janni Wolfgang , Reister Frank , Friebe-Hofmann Ulrike , Hüner Beate 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungRaumforderungen der Adnexe betreffen 2–10% aller
Schwangerschaften. Die höchste Inzidenz mit 1–6%
lässt sich im ersten Trimenon beobachten, bei hoher Spontanremission im
Schwangerschaftsverlauf. Bei 2% dieser Raumforderungen handelt es sich
um maligne Neoplasien oder Borderline-Tumore. Eine seltene benigne Raumforderung
der Adnexe in der Schwangerschaft ist die Hyperreactio luteinalis. Sie ist
gekennzeichnet durch bilaterale, multizystisch veränderte Ovarien mit
einem gehäuften Auftreten im 3. Trimenon. Klinisch zeigen sich
u. a. eine maternale Hyperandrogenämie mit Virilisierung,
Hyperemesis, unspezifische Bauchschmerzen oder laborchemisch eine Hyperthyreose
sowie ein erhöhtes ß-HCG. Die Hyperreactio luteinalis bedarf
keiner Therapie bei kompletter Remission postpartal, wird jedoch oft in
graviditate operativ behandelt. In unserem Fall berichten wir von einer
Erstgravida in der 31. Schwangerschaftswoche (SSW) mit einer symptomatischen
25 cm großen multizystischen, teils soliden Raumforderung. Bei
Malignitätsverdacht erfolgte nach abgeschlossener Lungenreifung eine
Explorativlaparotomie mit rechtsseitiger Adnexektomie. Histologisch ergab sich
eine Hyperreactio luteinalis mit Zufallsbefund eines serösen
Borderline-Tumor des Ovars FIGO IIIB. Bei pathologischem CTG erfolgte in der 33.
Schwangerschaftswoche eine eilige sekundäre Sectio per
Re-Längslaparotomie. Post partum entschloss sich die Patientin nach
reproduktionsmedizinischer und onkologischer Beratung zur
Komplettierungsoperation, wobei sich histologisch kein weiterer Nachweis des
vordiagnostizierten serösen Borderlinetumors fand.
High 4-1BB Expression in PBMCs and Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) in Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Bin-Alee Fardeela , Chunthagonesupawit Nattharee , Meesakul Tamonwan , Diloktaweewattana Areeya , Mahattanasakul Patnarin , Mutirangura Apiwat , Ruangritchankul Komkrit , Keelawat Somboon , Kitkumthorn Nakarin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective 4-1BB is a costimulatory immune-activating molecule. Increased amounts of this protein have previously been found in the plasma of patients with oropharyngeal and oral cancer. Here, we focused on this molecule that functions as part of the immune system. We investigated 4-1BB in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) of patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC).
Materials and Methods The expression level of 4-1BB in the PBMCs was determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The TIMER (Tumor Immune Estimation Resource) web server was utilized to approximate the 4-1BB level in HNSCC TILs. Moreover, 4-1BB immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to validate TILs in four organs of HNSCC, including oral cancer (OC), oropharyngeal cancer (OPC), sinonasal cancer (SNC), and laryngeal cancer (LC), in both the tumor area and adjacent normal epithelium. The difference in 4-1BB expression levels in various groups was assessed using a Kruskal-Wallis test and an independent sample t-test.
Results The level of 4-1BB expression in PBMCs was highest in OPC, followed by OC and healthy controls (HC). Significant differences were discovered between HC and OPC and between OC and OPC. Bioinformatics revealed a substantial correlation between 4-1BB expression level and lymphocyte infiltration in HNSCC, including B cells, CD8+ T cells, and CD4+ T cells. IHC validation in HNSCC tissue revealed that the average number of 4-1BB positive TILs in all four HNSCC subtypes was considerably greater than the number of lymphocytes seen in adjacent normal tissue. Interestingly, the number of lymphocytes that were 4-1BB positive increased in relation to the TIL level.
Conclusion A higher number of 4-1BB expression levels were found in the PBMCs and TILs of HNSCC patients, implying that 4-1BB may be a promising approach for HNSCC patients to improve their immune function. It is important to study and create a treatment that uses 4-1BB medicine as well as existing drugs.
Replantation of an Amputated Hand at Wrist Level Due to Self-Mutilation: Considerations in Management
Authors: Vardharajan Ashwini , Mohan Monusha , Pushpanathan Dakshana , Venkatramani Hari , Sabapathy S. Raja 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMajor self-mutilations include injury to limbs, eyes, or genitals due to various psychiatric illnesses. Limb amputations are grievous injuries that radically decrease the quality of life. Controversy exists as to the advisability of replantation of the self-amputated limb. We report a case of self-amputation of the hand in a 54-year-old gentleman in a fit of psychosis. He underwent replantation of the hand and was given timely psychiatric help. Interdisciplinary management helped in improving the mood of the patient and he cooperated well with the rehabilitation schedule. Recent literature encourages surgeons to replant the limb and treat the mental illness with close observation for warning signs. We conclude that replantation along with early initiation of psychiatry treatment can help the patient overcome psychosis, realize the implications of his actions, and provide the motivation to perform physiotherapy to achieve the optimum outcome possible in the replanted hand.
Biomechanical Comparison of Cortical Lag Screws and Cortical Position Screws for Their Generation of Interfragmentary Compression and Area of Compression in Simulated Lateral Humeral Condylar Fractures
Authors: Fuchter Lucy M. , Wills Dan , Walsh William R. , Newman Mark , Tan Chris 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to compare the interfragmentary compressive force and area of compression generated by cortical screws inserted as either a lag screw or position screw in simulated lateral humeral condylar fractures.
Study Design Ex vivo biomechanical study.
Materials and Methods Thirteen pairs of cadaveric humeri from skeletally mature Merinos with simulated lateral humeral condylar fractures were used. Pressure sensitive film was inserted into the interfragmentary interface prior to fracture reduction with fragment forceps. A cortical screw was inserted as a lag screw or a position screw and tightened to 1.8Nm. Interfragmentary compression and area of compression were quantified and compared between the two treatments groups at three time points.
Results After fracture reduction using fragment forceps (Time point 1: T1), there was no significant difference in interfragmentary compression and area of compression between the two treatments. A combination of fragment forceps and a cortical screw inserted as a lag screw (Time point 2: T2) produced significantly greater interfragmentary compression and area of compression compared with the same screw inserted as a positional screw. After removal of the fragment forceps, leaving only the cortical screw (Time point 3: T3), both the interfragmentary compression and area of compression remain significantly greater in the lag screw group.
Conclusion Lag screws generate a greater force of compression and area of compression compared with position screws in this mature ovine humeral condylar fracture model.
The T1 Ratio of Marrow (TROM) as a Novel Tool to Identify Metastatic from Nonmalignant Marrow Lesions of the Spine: A Pilot Study
Authors: Nischal Neha , Afzali Mahtab , Shojaie Parham , Azzopardi Christine , Iyengar Karthikeyan P. , Haleem Shahnawaz , Stevenson Jonathan Daniel , Botchu Rajesh 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to analyze quantitative values of normal and abnormal marrow on T1-weighted images of spine, to propose a ratio for T1 values of abnormal to normal vertebrae, and to assess whether this ratio could be helpful in predicting presence of neoplastic lesions in the spine.
Materials and Methods One-hundred randomly selected magnetic resonance imagings of lumbar spine without infection, fracture, and tumor were selected to form normal cohort. A second cohort of 100 metastasis of lumbar spine was identified. Ratio of T1 value of vertebral body to the T1 value of the inferior vertebral body was performed for normal cohort from D11 to L5. Ratio of T1 value of metastasis to adjacent normal vertebral body was done for metastatic cohort. Data was analyzed using standard t-test and kappa was performed for intra- and inter-observer reliability.
Results A decline in T1 value of abnormal to normal marrow was seen in patients with metastasis that was statistically significant. We call this the T1 ratio of marrow (TROM). The sensitivity and accuracy with the cutoff value of TROM at 0.7 (92% sensitivity, 97.1% accuracy) are better than at 0.6 (75% sensitivity, 96.2% accuracy) or 0.5 (47% sensitivity, 93.2% accuracy). A subset analysis of the other T1 hypointense benign lesions including atypical hemangiomas and focal marrow hyperplasia, however, revealed overlapping TROM values with the metastatic cohort.
Conclusion Using the TROM on T1-weighted images could not confidently differentiate malignant from benign T1 hypointense lesions of the spine.
Understanding the Determinants of Aspirations in Rural Tanzania: Does Financial Literacy Matter?
Authors: Melesse Mequanint B. , Tirra Amos Nyangira , Walle Yabibal M. , Hauser Michael 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAspirations have recently received increased attention in the analysis of poverty and its dynamics. The argument is that aspirations provide reference points for individuals’ forward-looking decisions and behaviours. Understanding of what determines aspirations is vitally important to design development interventions that can raise aspirations. In this paper, we analyse whether financial literacy is associated with individuals’ aspirations. Using data from more than 2000 Tanzanian households, we find a robust positive correlation between financial literacy and aspirations. Our results are robust to using alternative financial literacy measure, controlling for extensive covariates and non-cognitive traits, and sensitivity analyses to omitted variables. Overall, our findings suggest that aspirations could be influenced to improve poor individuals’ future investments and forward-looking behaviour.
Design, development, and analysis of 1 to 4, anti-phase in-line RF power splitter for low-frequency ISM band applications
Authors: Senjaliya Chirag , Karkari Shantanu Kumar 
Published: May 2023

A wideband, low-loss balun-based anti-phase radio-frequency power splitter using a ferrite core is studied. The inherent impedance matching with the existing system makes it an in-line power splitter; its impedance matches at the input port without any extra impedance transformer, resulting in low insertion loss. The design approach is chosen based on the S-parameter analysis to grasp the possible implementations. The best possible implementation is analyzed based on the well-known theories, and the final S-matrix is derived. To estimate the high-frequency limitation due to the inter-winding capacitances, the implemented 1-to-4 anti-phase power splitter was tested using the vector network analyser (VNA) to find out the self-resonance of the winding coils. The practical measurements of the implemented power splitter show that the insertion loss is less than 2.1 dB, the port-to-port isolation is more than 14.5 dB, and the bandwidth is more than 23 MHz at 17 MHz.
Natural band alignment of MgO1−xSx alloys
Authors: Ota Yuichi , Kaneko Kentaro , Onuma Takeyoshi , Fujita Shizuo 
Published: May 2023

We have calculated formation enthalpies, bandgaps, and natural band alignment for MgO1−xSx alloys by first-principles calculation based on density functional theory. The calculated formation enthalpies show that the MgO1−xSx alloys exhibit a large miscibility gap, and a metastable region was found to occur when the S content was below 18% or over 87%. The effect of S incorporation for bandgaps of MgO1−xSx alloys shows a large bowing parameter (b ≃ 13 eV) induced. The dependence of the band lineup of MgO1−xSx alloys on the S content by using two different methods and the change in the energy position of the valence band maximum (VBM) were larger than those of the conduction band minimum. Based on the calculated VBM positions, we predicted that MgO1−xSx with S content of 10%–18% can be surface charge transfer doped by high electron affinity materials. This work provides an example to design for p-type oxysulfide materials.
Grain structure influence on synchronized two-dimensional spin-Hall nano-oscillators
Authors: Capriata Corrado Carlo Maria , Malm Bengt Gunnar 
Published: May 2023

Nanoconstriction spin-Hall nano-oscillators (NC-SHNOs) are excellent devices for a wide variety of applications, from RF communication to bio-inspired computing. NC-SHNOs are easy to fabricate in large arrays, are CMOS compatible, and feature a narrow linewidth and high output power. However, in order to take full advantage of the device capabilities, a systematic analysis of the array behavior with respect to the number and dimensions of oscillators, the temperature of operation, and the influence of layer quality is needed. Here, we focus on micromagnetic simulations of 2 × 2 and 4 × 4 NC-SHNO arrays with single oscillators separated by up to 300 nm. We observe a synchronization scheme that allows for column-wise selection of the oscillation frequency for a larger pitch. However, for smaller pitches, a coherent oscillation volume was observed, and this volume included both the constrictions and extended beyond that region. A local variation in the exchange coupling in the active oscillator region was investigated by placing physical grains in the free magnetic layer, and it was shown to influence both the stable current range and the resulting frequency and output power. De-coupling the oscillators along rows or columns could provide higher power due to more favorable phase shifts between oscillators. Our investigation helps in achieving a deeper understanding of the intrinsic working principles of NC-SHNO arrays and how they reach fully synchronized states, and this will help to expand non-conventional computing capabilities.
Non-Hermitian topological phases: principles and prospects
Authors: Banerjee Ayan , Sarkar Ronika , Dey Soumi , Narayan Awadhesh 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The synergy between non-Hermitian concepts and topological ideas have led to very fruitful activity in the recent years. Their interplay has resulted in a wide variety of new non-Hermitian topological phenomena being discovered. In this review, we present the key principles underpinning the topological features of non-Hermitian phases. Using paradigmatic models—Hatano–Nelson, non-Hermitian Su–Schrieffer–Heeger and non-Hermitian Chern insulator—we illustrate the central features of non-Hermitian topological systems, including exceptional points, complex energy gaps and non-Hermitian symmetry classification. We discuss the non-Hermitian skin effect and the notion of the generalized Brillouin zone, which allows restoring the bulk-boundary correspondence. Using concrete examples, we examine the role of disorder, describe the Floquet engineering, present the linear response framework, and analyze the Hall transport properties of non-Hermitian topological systems. We also survey the rapidly growing experimental advances in this field. Finally, we end by highlighting possible directions which, in our view, may be promising for explorations in the near future.
Cross-correlating radial peculiar velocities and CMB lensing convergence
Authors: Giani Leonardo , Howlett Cullan , Ruggeri Rossana , Bianchini Federico , Said Khaled , M. Davis Tamara 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe study, for the first time, the cross correlation between the angular distribution of radial peculiar velocities (PV) and the lensing convergence of cosmic microwave background (CMB) photons. We derive theoretical expectations for the signal and its covariance and assess its detectability with existing and forthcoming surveys. We find that such cross-correlations are expected to improve constraints on different gravitational models by partially breaking degeneracies with the matter density. We identify in the distance-scaling dispersion of the peculiar velocities the most relevant source of noise in the cross correlation. For this reason, we also study how the above picture changes assuming a redshift-independent scatter for the PV, obtained for example using a reconstruction technique. Our results show that the cross correlation might be detected in the near future combining PV measurements from DESI and the convergence map from CMB-S4. Using realistic direct PV measurements we predict a cumulative signal-to-noise ratio of approximately 3.8σusing data on angular scales 3 ≤ ℓ ≤ 200. For an idealized reconstructed peculiar velocity map extending up to redshiftz= 0.15 and a smoothing scale of 4 Mpch-1we predict a cumulative signal-to-noise ratio of approximately 27σfrom angular scales 3 ≤ ℓ ≤ 200. We conclude that currently reconstructed peculiar velocities have more constraining power than directly observed ones, even though they are more cosmological-model dependent.
Simulations of PBH formation at the QCD epoch and comparison with the GWTC-3 catalog
Authors: Escrivà Albert , Bagui Eleni , Clesse Sebastien 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The probability of primordial black hole (PBH) formation is known to be boosted during the Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) crossover due to a slight reduction of the equation of state. This induces a high peak and other features in the PBH mass distribution. But the impact of this variation during the
process of PBH formation has so far
not been considered in numerical simulations.
In this work we simulate
the formation of PBHs by taking into account the varying equation of state at the QCD epoch, compute the over-density threshold using different curvature profiles
and find that the resulting PBH mass distributions are significantly impacted. The expected merger rate distributions of early and late PBH binaries is comparable to the ones inferred from the GWTC-3 catalog for dark matter fractions in PBHs within 0.1 < f
PBH < 1. The distribution of gravitational-wave events estimated from the volume sensitivity could explain mergers around 30–50 M
⊙, with asymmetric masses like GW190814, or in the pair-instability mass gap like GW190521. However, none of the considered cases leads to a multi-modal distribution with a secondary peak around 8–15 M
⊙, as suggested by the GWTC-3 catalog, possibly pointing to a mixed population of astrophysical and primordial black holes.