bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Youth Perceived Social Support and Symptom Distress: A Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model
Authors: Meuleman Eline M. , van der Veld William M. , Laceulle Odilia M. , van der Heijden Paul T. , Verhagen Maaike , van Ee Elisa 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAlthough social support and mental health associations have been extensively investigated, their reciprocal relations in vulnerable youth remain understudied. This study investigated the relations between perceived social support and symptom distress over time whilst differentiating between support from caregivers and significant others. The sample included 257 youth (79% self-identified women, Mage = 19.2, SD = 2.5) who were receiving mental health treatment. Using a Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model, results revealed no significant concurrent associations, between-person effects, or cross-lagged effects. The autoregressive effects suggested that perceived social support from caregivers was relatively stable over time, while symptom distress and support from a significant other were not. In all, this study challenged the validity of the social causation and social erosion models in the context of perceived social support and symptom distress among vulnerable youth, revealing an absence of significant reciprocal associations. The stable nature of perceived social support from caregivers compared to support from significant others was highlighted. The study design, hypotheses, and target analyses were preregistered under https://osf.io/f4qpg.
‘Secrecy, Trust, Safety’: a Multi-stakeholder Situation Assessment of Gendered and Contextual Vulnerabilities and Service Level Responsiveness to the Needs of Women Who Use Drugs in Egypt
Authors: Van Hout Marie-Claire , Elsayed Heba , Elgamil Raghda , Rabie Menan A. , Aly Reham , Sonnan Mohammad Tariq 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWomen account for one in every three people who use drugs worldwide and tend to progress to drug use disorders in a shorter time than men. There is limited understanding of the situation of women who use drugs in the Middle East and North Africa. A multi-stakeholder rapid situation assessment (RSA) was conducted which aimed to investigate gendered and contextual vulnerabilities and service level responsiveness to the needs of women who use drugs (WWUD) in Egypt. An updated profile of female service user characteristics was sought via mapping of addiction and harm reduction services in the National Drug Observatory system. In-depth interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of representatives of UN agencies and health professionals providing treatment/harm reduction (government, private, community) (n = 21). Focus groups were facilitated with a convenience sample of women in treatment, accessing HIV services and community harm reduction services (n = 75). Thematic analysis and triangulation across data sources occurred. Eight themes emerged: profile of women who use drugs; access to drugs and settings for female drug use; dimensions of stigma; trauma and drivers of female drug use; networks and intimate partner relationships; high-risk behaviours and harms; barriers to help-seeking and accessing services; and enhancing gender-responsive and gender-transformative evidence-based services. This RSA yields a contemporary insight into the vulnerabilities, traumas, discrimination and stigma-related challenges experienced by WWUD in Egypt. Recommendations are made to enhance harm reduction awareness and uptake and to integrate gender-responsive care within existing maternal, addiction and harm reduction service structures.
Real-world safety and effectiveness of inhaled nitric oxide therapy for pulmonary hypertension during the perioperative period of cardiac surgery: a post-marketing study of 2817 patients in Japan
Authors: Matsugi Emi , Takashima Shigeki , Doteguchi Shuhei , Kobayashi Tomomi , Okayasu Motohiro 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the real-world safety and effectiveness of inhaled nitric oxide (INOflo® for Inhalation 800 ppm) for perioperative pulmonary hypertension associated with cardiac surgery in Japan.

Methods
This was a prospective, non-interventional, all-case, post-marketing study of pediatric and adult patients who received perioperative INOflo with cardiac surgery from November 2015–December 2020. Safety and effectiveness were monitored from INOflo initiation to 48 h after treatment completion or withdrawal. Safety outcomes included adverse drug reactions, blood methemoglobin concentrations, and inspired nitrogen dioxide concentrations over time. Effectiveness outcomes included changes in central venous pressure among pediatrics, mean pulmonary arterial pressure among adults, and the partial pressure of arterial oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio (PaO2/FiO2) in both populations.

Results
The safety analysis population included 2,817 Japanese patients registered from 253 clinical sites (pediatrics, n = 1375; adults, n = 1442). INOflo was generally well tolerated; 15 and 20 adverse drug reactions were reported in 14 pediatrics (1.0%) and 18 adults (1.2%), respectively. No clinically significant elevations in blood methemoglobin and inspired nitrogen dioxide concentrations were observed. INOflo treatment was associated with significant reductions in both central venous pressure among pediatrics and mean pulmonary arterial pressure among adults, and significant improvements in PaO2/FiO2 among pediatrics and adults with PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 200 at baseline.

Conclusions
Perioperative INOflo treatment was a safe and effective strategy to improve hemodynamics and oxygenation in patients with pulmonary hypertension during cardiac surgery. These data support the use of INOflo for this indication in Japanese clinical practice.
Lizards on the borders: source and patterns of colonization of an opportunistic reptile, Podarcis siculus, on the remote island of Pantelleria (Italy) depicted by mtDNA phylogeography and dorsal pattern
Authors: Antinucci Carlotta , Gallozzi Francesco , Ancillotto Leonardo , Mori Emiliano , Castiglia Riccardo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUnderstanding patterns and modalities of species’ colonization in insular ecosystems is a major goal of biogeography and may be key to decision makers, in terms of e.g., management and conservation. In this paper, we assess source and patterns of colonization of an opportunistic reptile, Podarcis siculus, on the remote island of Pantelleria (Italy), following a multidisciplinary approach combining molecular phylogeography and dorsal pattern analyses. We analyzed the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b (cytb) from 13 lizards and we assessed the frequency of the dorsal pattern phenotypes observing 188 basking lizards from eight localities throughout the island. The parsimony network revealed that haplotypes from Pantelleria belong to a haplogroup characteristic of western Sicily with the most common haplotype from Pantelleria being also found in three Sicilian localities. Unlike other Italian island populations, the dorsal pattern is highly conserved on Pantelleria, as a high percent of the observed individuals show the pattern also found in the hypothesized source area in western Sicily. In conclusion, our results are compatible with an allochthonous origin of the P. siculus population of Pantelleria Island. Thus, the species would need no population monitoring programme for its conservation on the island.
Bisexuality and Substance Use
Authors: Ford Jessie V. , Pearlman Leah R. , Feinstein Brian A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose of review
This article highlights an urgent need to better understand the substance use disparities affecting bisexual people. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the National Academy of Medicine (NAM) have made calls for research to identify risk factors for adverse health outcomes, including substance use behaviors, among bisexual people. Despite growing interest in this area, our understanding of why bisexual people are at increased risk for substance use remains limited.

Recent findings
Today, an increasing percent of the U.S. population identifies as bisexual. The literature consistently shows higher rates of substance use and resulting consequences among bisexual people relative to both heterosexual and gay/lesbian people. Thus, it seems an opportune time to review research on substance use in bisexual populations.

Summary
In this article, we review this literature and identify important findings in several key areas to guide future work including heterogeneity in substance use, distal and proximal risk factors, and intersectional forces that influence elevated substance use patterns among bisexual individuals.
Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Ablation: Ongoing Challenges Defining the Target Population and Substrate
Authors: Griffin Michael , Calvert Peter , Gupta Dhiraj 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Catheter ablation (CA) is a well-established treatment for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF), but outcomes in persistent AF can be suboptimal. This review summarises recent evidence relating to the ideal patient population and target substrate for CA, and the techniques available.

Recent Findings
Risk scores can identify individuals with persistent AF who are more likely to benefit from CA. Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) remains the most important ablation technique but non-pulmonary vein triggers explain the high recurrence rates in persistent AF. Novel electroanatomic mapping technologies, hybrid approaches, ethanol vein of Marshall ablation and thoracoscopic epicardial ablation are promising recent developments. Pulsed field ablation (PFA) is a new ablation modality with an excellent safety profile in trials to date; its role in persistent AF remains an area of study.

Summary
Improving outcomes of CA in persistent AF remains a significant research focus, with several encouraging directions for future study.
Investigation of uncertainty in internal target volume definition for lung stereotactic body radiotherapy
Authors: Nakanishi Daiki , Oita Masataka , Fukunaga Jun-Ichi , Hirose Taka-Aki , Yoshitake Tadamasa , Sasaki Motoharu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study evaluated the validity of internal target volumes (ITVs) defined by three- (3DCT) and four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT), and subsequently compared them with actual movements during treatment. Five patients with upper lobe lung tumors were treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) at 48 Gy in four fractions. Planning 3DCT images were acquired with peak-exhale and peak-inhale breath-holds, and 4DCT images were acquired in the cine mode under free breathing. Cine images were acquired using an electronic portal imaging device during irradiation. Tumor coverage was evaluated based on the manner in which the peak-to-peak breathing amplitude on the planning CT covered the range of tumor motion (± 3 SD) during irradiation in the left–right, anteroposterior, and cranio-caudal (CC) directions. The mean tumor coverage of the 4DCT-based ITV was better than that of the 3DCT-based ITV in the CC direction. The internal margin should be considered when setting the irradiation field for 4DCT. The proposed 4DCT-based ITV can be used as an efficient approach in free-breathing SBRT for upper-lobe tumors of the lung because its coverage is superior to that of 3DCT.
Nuclear Shape-Phase Transition From Spherical U(5) to Deformed $$\gamma$$-Unstable O(6) Dynamical Symmetries of Interacting Boson Model Applied to Ru, Pd, and Xe Isotopic Chains
Authors: Khalaf A. M. , Taha M. M. , El-Sayed M. A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe shape transition from spherical vibrator U(5) to $$\gamma$$
γ
-unstable deformed rotor O(6) in even-even Ru, Pd, and Xe isotopic chains are studied in framework of sd interacting boson model (IBM1) using the coherent state formalism to obtain the potential energy surfaces (PES’s). The location of critical points in the transition are identified by analysis the PES’s in terms of the deformation parameter $$\beta$$
β
and by using the catastrophe theory in terms of the two essential parameters $$(r_1, r_2)$$

(

r
1

,

r
2

)

. By using the most general IBM1 Hamiltonian in Casimir form with neglecting the U(5) and SU(3) quadratic Casimir operators and introducing only one control parameter the PES leads to the same energy surface as the Q-consistent IBM Hamiltonian at $$\gamma =0$$

γ
=
0

. For the studied isotopic chains, the $$\chi ^2$$

χ
2

-test is used to perform the fitting between the experimental and the corresponding calculated IBM for some selected energy levels and electric quadrupole transition probabilities B(E2) values using a simulated search program. A good agreement is produced for both energies and B(E2) transition rates. The present model calculations suggest that $$^{100}$$

100

Ru, $$^{102}$$

102

Pd and $$^{130}$$

130

Xe nuclei are good candidates for the E(5) critical point symmetry.
Linear Quadratic Gaussian Control for a Liquid-Carrying Quadrotor
Authors: Soltani Ali , Vahidi Bajestani Amirhossein 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA quadrotor with a liquid tank may be used in various tasks such as spraying pesticides and firefighting. Therefore, motion of the quadrotor should be controlled such that liquid sloshing is suppressed. To tackle this issue, a LQG controller is proposed in this paper. The LQG controller is based on a linear equivalent mechanical model for liquid sloshing which is presented in this study. The proposed controller uses position and attitude feedback of quadrotor to estimate and control the liquid states. This is different than other controllers presented in the literature where they consider liquid sloshing as an external disturbance. LQG controller is simulated using system’s nonlinear equations and compared to a PID controller. The results depicted a 20% improvement in trajectory tracking performance for LQG controller while using 11% less energy than its PID counterpart. Also the LQG control scheme was able to compensate for a constant external disturbance whereas the PID controller was not able to stabilize the system while the constant disturbance is present.
BECIA: a behaviour engineering-based approach for change impact analysis
Authors: Anwer Sajid , Wen Lian , Zhang Shaoyang , Wang Zhe , Sun Yong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper introduces Behaviour Engineering-based Change Impact Analysis (BECIA), a novel approach to Change Impact Analysis (CIA). BECIA enables visualization of change impacts from modified requirements on architecture design. It also introduces the Change Impact Indicator (CII) metric, quantifying impact by calculating the Kolmogorov Complexity (KC) of design models. Our contributions include: an algorithm to convert behavior trees to composition trees, a requirements components dependency network, and a metric for quantifying change impacts.
Co-design as a Networked Approach to Designing Educational Futures
Authors: Wardak Dewa , Wilson Stephanie , Zeivots Sandris 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDesign is a contested term, and this has implications for designing educational futures. Described through five senses to elucidate its complexity, design can be conceptualised as domain, as process, as plan, as the resulting product, and as the intentional creation of new possibilities. In this paper, we use the five design senses to illustrate how they could be useful for making sense of a large, complex, and multifaceted educational project. We define the design senses as a network of socio-material entanglements and illustrate how actor-network theory can be useful in unpacking this network. Taking a postdigital perspective, we illustrate that in designing for learning in higher education, the relationships between the five senses are fluid, constantly shifting, and emergent in a network of human and non-human actants. We argue that design research needs to move beyond cognitive approaches to the study of collaborative approaches that empower participants. In doing so, our study proposes a co-design approach to designing educational futures where multidisciplinary teams connect their knowledge, skills, and resources to carry out a design task. We present three mini-cases from our co-design project to illustrate how the five senses of design can be used to unpack and untangle the web of complex relationships in co-design. Furthermore, we reflect on the shifting role of educational developers as they lead and participate in co-design teams. We conclude by problematising educational design for designing educational futures in a postdigital world.
Perspectives and Recent Progresses on the Simulation of the Entry into the Atmospheres of the Outer Ice Giants
Authors: Esposito Antonio , Lappa Marcello 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe relatively recent decision of NASA and ESA to plan new missions to the so-called Ice Giants, namely Uranus and Neptune, has prompted a resurgence of interest in the experimental analysis of the aero-heating environment that probes entering such atmospheres would experience. In the present study, arc-jet facilities, previously used to simulate space flight in the atmospheres of Earth, Mars, and Titan, are considered as a relevant basis for the implementation of a more complex framework adequately accounting for the atmospheric features of the Ice Giants. It is shown that the key to the successful realization of such an endeavor is a new operating mode for the plasma torch (relying on a nitrogen–hydrogen mixture) together with the inclusion of a new gas control unit, a new mixing chamber to generate relevant gas mixtures (mimicking to a sufficient extent the Ice Giants atmosphere) and a new thermo-chemical model of the overall flow process. The outcomes of some initial tests are presented to demonstrate the adequacy and performances of the implemented approach with respect to typical entry conditions related to these two planets.
Improving Gravel Material Specifications for Unpaved Roads: Australian Case Study
Authors: Frankel Jeremy , Tahmoorian Farzaneh 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGravel surfacing is a cost-effective approach for constructing roads in sparsely populated regions. However, maintaining the shape and usability of gravel roads requires regular upkeep to ensure road user safety. This study focuses on the significant gravel material specifications for wearing courses and highlights the findings of the Department of Transport and Main Roads (TMR) in Australia regarding the crucial role of material specifications in road maintenance routines. The Goondiwindi area in Queensland, featuring approximately 2000 km of gravel roads, serves as a case study for investigating the viability of granular stabilization techniques in enhancing re-sheeting materials for this network. In this research, gravel samples from ten gravel pits in the region were characterized through a range of tests, including particle-size distribution, Atterberg limit, California bearing ratio (CBR), and capillary rise. These laboratory investigations facilitated the development of a desktop analysis tool that predicts the engineering properties of gravel blends obtained from different pits. The validity of this analysis tool was assessed by comparing its results with comprehensive laboratory investigations of gravel samples and their blends. The verification process demonstrated that the results obtained from the desktop analysis tool aligned well with the test results. The study concludes that the analysis tool can effectively identify suitable gravel blends that meet target specifications, provided that the shrinkage product and CBR values of the parent pits are acceptable. The findings of this research can enhance confidence in designing gravel blends for wearing courses based on the properties of individual gravel pits, eliminating the need for additional testing on the gravel blends, and thus reducing costs.
Examining how risk diversification for conservation is influenced by the probability assigned to uncertainty scenarios
Authors: Cho Seong-Hoon , Kang Nawon , Zhu Gengping 
Published: September 2023

SummaryDespite the progress in conservation risk management, conservation organizations are reluctant to interface usable risk-diversification strategies with their decision-making processes. One reason for this reluctance is that the empirical models used to develop risk-diversification strategies need the expected returns on investment (ROIs) of target assets and their variances and covariances, and the probabilities of occurrence of the scenarios needed to calculate those statistics are almost always unknown. We examine how risk diversification for conservation is influenced by the probabilities assigned to uncertainty scenarios using a case study involving the conservation of biodiversity at the county level in the central and southern Appalachian region within the framework of modern portfolio theory. A comparison of risk-mitigating portfolios with bootstrapped and fixed probability distributions shows that introducing the flexibility of an unknown probability distribution of uncertainty scenarios allows conservation organizations to spread bets more than with the inflexibility of the fixed probability distribution, while also achieving higher expected ROIs per unit of risk on average. The improvement becomes more significant when conservation organizations are less risk averse.
Forest Canopy Acts as an Atmospheric NOx Sink: Results From Micrometeorological Flux Measurements
Authors: Kang Ronghua , Huang Kai , Gao Tian , Mulder Jan , Duan Lei , Wang Chao , Ke Piaopiao , Yao Meng , Su Chenxia , Li Jin , Zhu Weixing , Zhu Jiaojun , Fang Yunting 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHuman activities have released a large amount of nitric oxides (NOx) into the atmosphere, leading to elevated regional atmospheric NOx concentration and nitrogen (N) deposition. Several studies have observed a downward NOx or NOy (NOx and its oxidation products) flux to the forest canopy, but attributed it to the photochemical reactions and conversion from gaseous N to particulate N. Here, we focus on the possibility of NOx sink by forest canopy based on an observed downward NOx flux of 0.28 kg N ha−1 yr−1 in a temperate forest of northeastern China, using hourly monitoring of NOx fluxes. In combination with results from previous studies, we find that the downward NOx or NOy fluxes ranged from 0.2 to 1.4 kg N ha−1 yr−1 in temperate forests and from 5.3 to 8.5 kg N ha−1 yr−1 in subtropical forests and they were positively related to atmospheric NOx concentration, mean annual air temperature and annual precipitation across eight forest sites from around the world. If assuming 50% of downward NOx or NOy was directly taken up by the canopy, we estimate a NOx or NOy sink of 0.2 and 1.1 Tg N yr−1 by global respective temperate and subtropical forests, representing an effective scavenger of atmospheric NOx and a considerable N source to forests. We suggest that interception of NOx or NOy by forest canopy should be considered in global NOx budgets and their contribution to the global forest N pool in global Earth System's models.