bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Principle of Boycotting Number 1s: Enhancing Decision-Making Diversity and Balancing Market Power in a Complex World
Authors: Farshi Esmaeil 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

This paper introduces the Principle of Boycotting Number 1s (also known as The Principle of Uncertainty in Prioritizing Number 1), a decision-making strategy devised to counteract the dominance of a single top option by redistributing probabilities associated with the Number 1 option to other alternatives. In today's complex world, individuals frequently encounter a vast array of choices, often defaulting to the number 1 option, whether it be the most luxurious car, the top-rated restaurant, or the highest-ranked university. This propensity, however, can result in artificially inflated values for top-ranked options and substantial financial and non-financial losses. To address this issue, we present the novel Principle of Boycotting Number 1s, accentuating the benefits of considering second or third choices. This pioneering approach to decision-making fosters more equitable pricing and accurate valuation of products and services. Renowned concepts, such as Status Quo Bias and the Bandwagon Effect, can be linked to the Principle of Boycotting Number 1s, which encourages diversity and uncertainty in decision-making and drives the exploration of alternative options. We investigate the implications of this principle in diverse decision-making contexts and establish connections to relevant concepts, including the Minority Game, the Exploration vs. Exploitation Trade-off, and the Wisdom of the Crowd. By understanding and implementing the Principle of Boycotting Number 1s, decision-makers can nurture more effective and diverse decision-making processes. Furthermore, we highlight the potential applications of this principle across an extensive array of fields, such as mathematics, physics, logic, biology, genetics, evolutionary theory, politics, psychology, business, industry, social life, and computer science, particularly emphasizing its economic impact. This foundational principle generates a plethora of laws, lemmas, theorems, and concepts. Its utilization in achieving market price fairness exemplifies only a small portion of this principle's influence. With roots in the mathematical foundations of game theory, information theory, and topology, this principle bears significance for numerous scientific domains and can affect global economic decisions made by governments and corporations.
Pengaruh Kombinasi Vitamin C pada Suplementasi Zat Besi terhadap Kadar Hemoglobin: Meta-Analisis
Authors: Aini Hamidah Nur , Safitri Debby Endayani 
Published: April 2023

This study was conducted to determine the effect of iron supplementation with a combination of vitamin C on hemoglobin levels. This study is a meta-analysis of research published between 2010 and 2020. The identification of research articles using the Medline®, PNRI, and Google Scholar databases. The dependent variable of this study was hemoglobin levels with the independent variable iron with and without vitamin C. The analysis carried out in the study was homogeneity test, combined mean, and sensitivity test. The results of the study with the homogeneity test showed that the research data was heterogeneous, the difference in the combined average in the study was 0.79 (95% CI: -0.60-1.40). After the sensitivity test was carried out, the combined mean obtained values that were much different. Based on the meta-analysis conducted, iron supplementation combined with vitamin C was able to increase hemoglobin by 0.79 higher than iron supplementation without vitamin C. Iron supplementation for anemia prevention is more effective with vitamin C. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan pengaruh suplementasi zat besi dengan kombinasi vitamin C terhadap kadar hemoglobin. Penelitian ini merupakan meta-analisis terhadap penelitian yang dipublikasikan pada rentang tahun 2010 hingga 2020 dengan studi eksperimental. Identifikasi artikel penelitian menggunakan basis data Medline®, PNRI, dan Google Scholar. Variabel dependen penelitian ini adalah kadar hemoglobin dengan variabel independen zat besi dengan dan tanpa vitamin c. Analisis yang dilakukan pada penelitian adalah uji homogenitas, mean gabungan, dan uji sensitivitas. Hasil penelitian dengan uji homogenitas menunjukkan data penelitian heterogen, perbedaan rata-rata gabungan pada penelitian adalah 0,79 (95% CI: -0,60-1,40). Setelah dilakukan uji sensitivitas, mean gabungan mendapatkan nilai yang jauh berbeda. Berdasarkan hasil meta-analisis yang telah dilakukan, suplementasi zat besi dikombinasikan dengan vitamin C mampu meningkatkan hemoglobin sebanyak 0,79 lebih tinggi dibandingkan suplementasi zat besi tanpa vitamin C. Suplementasi zat besi untuk pencegahan anemia lebih efektif dilakukan dengan disertai vitamin C.
Hydrogeochemical characteristics of Kodku River of Lalitpur District, Nepal
Authors: Ghimire Manisha , Regmi Tejendra 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Hydro-geochemical characteristics of Kodku River of Lalitpur, Nepal were determined through analysis of physicochemical parameters including major anions and cations. This study also characterizes and evaluates the suitability for drinking and irrigation. The results showed that river water is slightly alkaline toward the downstream. The concentration of BOD, COD, and total coliform was much higher than its prescribed limits for drinking purposes in downstream, whereas a few samples in upstream are fit for drinking with reference to WQI value. The estimated sodium percentage (Na%), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), permeability index (PI), magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR), and Kelly's ratio (KR) depict the excellent and safe categories for irrigation purposes. The obtained Wilcox diagram also revealed that river water falls under the C1S1 category which is safe for crops. Hydrogeochemical facies in Piper diagrams signifies the dominance of Ca–HCO3 type. Similarly, Gibbs maps indicate mineral (rock) weathering, whereas mixing diagram reveals carbonate weathering as the main controlling factor of major ion species. This study provides information on the hydrogeochemical properties of the river and its suitability for drinking and irrigation. Despite the comprehensiveness, the study can be an effective approach for countries with similar levels of water resources management.
Defining and acting on water poverty in England and Wales
Authors: Sylvester Ruth , Hutchings P. , Mdee A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWater poverty is the lived condition households experience when they are struggling, or unable, to afford their water bills. Despite a relatively low public profile, it affected approximately 20% of households in England and Wales in 2020. Currently, as many as 34% of bill payers report struggling to pay fairly frequently. This comprehensive review examines definitions, prevalence and manifestations of water poverty through an analysis of 354 grey and academic documents, dating between 1985 and 2022. Synthesising the literature revealed how water poverty is a structurally-produced problem, reflecting trends in sector governance and wider societal processes. In the 1980s and 1990s, water poverty was characterised by household disconnections, as defaulting customers were considered a drain on the financial health of newly privatised utilities. Owing to civil society opposition, by 2000 water poverty became a technocratic problem of affordability and debt. Despite certain legal protections for vulnerable households, structural drivers of water poverty were unresolved and rates continued to rise, peaking in 2013/2014. Contemporary discourse emphasises extending availability, accessibility and flexibility of support, but structural inequalities remain hidden. It is, therefore, highly questionable whether the water sector in England and Wales can fulfil its commitment to ending water poverty by 2030.
Concentrating emulsified oily wastewater by integrated membrane technology
Authors: Wang Hongmei , Chen Hao , Hong Yibin , Li Wenxiang , Li Guishui 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

The effects of operating pressure, feed temperature, oil content of feed solution, and membrane surface flow rate on membrane flux, concentration multiple, and average particle size of oil droplets in the concentrated solution during the single-stage membrane concentration process were investigated. The experimental results show that within a certain operating range, the membrane flux increases with the increase of operating pressure, feed temperature, and membrane surface flow rate, while it decreases continuously with the increase of feed oil content. Optimal conditions for single stage concentration based on membrane flux, concentration factor, and average particle size of oil droplets in the concentrated solution were determined. Then, on the basis of single-stage membrane concentration conditions, three different pore size separation membranes are combined in different ways. After concentration through multi-stage membranes, the particle size of the oil droplets in the concentrate is greater than 20 μm, which is beyond the particle size range of the emulsified oil, and the concentration of the oil in the concentrate is 20–30 times that of the original oil. The method can realize the recovery of oil resources in the emulsified oil-containing wastewater.
Long-term spatial-temporal monitoring of eutrophication in Lake Burdur using remote sensing data
Authors: Tuygun Gizem Tuna , Salgut Serra , Elçi Alper 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Lake eutrophication continues to be one of the major environmental challenges in lakes worldwide. This study is about using a remote sensing approach to monitor long-term chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations and the trophic state index (TSI) in Lake Burdur, Türkiye. Surface reflectance from Landsat 5, Landsat 7, and Landsat 8 satellite image collections were evaluated with an empirical equation to estimate a 38-year-long (1984–2021) time series of the lake's median Chl-a concentrations. Pixel quality masking was applied to retain only acceptable quality information and exclude images affected by cloud cover, icing, and other environmental factors from the analysis. The results were analyzed based on annual, seasonal, and monthly temporal averages. Over a period of 38 years, Chl-a concentrations were found to vary between 58.7 and 196.4 mg/m3. Notably higher concentrations were recorded in 2010 and 2021, while lower concentrations were observed between 1991 and 1993. A substantial increase in Chl-a concentration was evident from 2002 to 2010. The maximum concentration of Chl-a during the first two decades of the analysis was 130 mg/m3, which increased to 200 mg/m3 during the last two decades. Landsat-derived TSI values suggested that Lake Burdur has been mostly hypertrophic for the entire study period.
In situ surface modification of forward osmosis membrane by polydopamine/polyethyleneimine-silver nanoparticle for anti-fouling improvement in municipal wastewater treatment
Authors: Sun Yan , Zheng Lu , Feng Qianying , Xie Xiaoyang , Yong Zixin , He Jiaojie , Yang Liwei , Zhao Xiaohong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

In this work, we demonstrate the surface functionalization of cellulose triacetate membrane with co-deposition of polydopamine (PDA)/polyethyleneimine (PEI) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for antifouling property in municipal wastewater treatment. PDA/PEI was first coated on the membrane surface by single-step co-deposition, while AgNPs were formed in situ through catechol groups of PDA immobilizing silver ions and subsequently reducing. The successful surface modification was verified by different membrane characterization techniques. The modified PDA/PEI-nAg CTA membrane exhibits enhanced hydrophilicity and improved antiadhesion and antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, the functional layer had an indistinctive effect on the membrane transport parameters. In addition, dynamic forward osmosis (FO) fouling experiment with raw municipal wastewater as feed solution indicated that the PDA/PEI-nAg CTA membrane exhibited notably lower water flux decrease compared to the nascent CTA membrane. The results of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) showed that PDA/PEI-nAg CTA membranes effectively reduced the adsorption of organic foulants (proteins and polysaccharides) and inhibited the formation and development of the fouling layer. The membrane surface modification of the CTA membrane with PDA/PEI and AgNPs efficiently mitigated membrane fouling in municipal wastewater treatment.
Cyclophosphamide Loading and Controlled Release in MIL-100(Fe) as an
Anti-breast Cancer Carrier: In vivo In vitro Study
Authors: Tohidi Shabnam , Aghaie-Khafri Mehrdad 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Biocompatible MIL-100 (Fe), a metal organic framework material, has recently
attracted increasing attention in biomedical engineering. The high surface area, pore volume, and accessible
Lewis acid sites make MIL-100 (Fe) a proper candidate for hydrophobic anticancer drug loading
and storage. In this study, a novel investigation of cyclophosphamide (CP) -loaded MIL-100(Fe) (MIL-
100(Fe)/CP) and a simulation of drug loading at a molecular level is presented.

Methods:
This research used a facile synthesis method to prepare MIL-100(Fe), which addresses the
high temperature and pressure challenges of synthesis methods. MIL-100(Fe) and MIL-100(Fe)/CP
were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Fourier transform
infrared (FTIR), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM).

Results:
The carriers' drug loading and release behavior are determined by using UV-visible spectrophotometry.
The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay is applied
to examine the biocompatibility and the anticancer effect of MIL-100(Fe)/CP on the human breast cancer
cell line (MCF-7).

Conclusion:
In vivo antitumor experiments and histological observation reveal inhibition properties of
MIL-100(Fe)/CP on the tumor cells. MIL-100(Fe)/CP, with 37.41% drug payload, represents impressive
antitumor activity.
Effects of Alkoxy Chain Length and 1-Hydroxy Group on Anticolorectal
Cancer Activity of 2-Bromoalkoxyanthraquinones
Authors: Mekzali Nurhaliza Wati , Chee Cheok Wui , Abdullah Iskandar , Lee Yean Kee , Rashid Nurshamimi Nor , Lee Vannajan Sanghiran , Othman Rozana , Hashim Najihah Mohd , Chee Chin Fei 
Published: April 2023

Background:
KRAS and p53 are two of the most common genetic alterations associated
with colorectal cancer. New drug development targeting these mutated genes in colorectal cancer
may serve as a potential treatment avenue to the current regimen.

Objective:
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of alkoxy chain length
and 1-hydroxy group on anticolorectal cancer activity of a series of 2-bromoalkoxyanthraquinones
and corroborate it with their in silico properties.

Methods:
In vitro anticancer activity of 2-bromoalkoxyanthraquinones was evaluated against
HCT116, HT29, and CCD841 CoN cell lines, respectively. Molecular docking was performed to
understand the interactions of these compounds with putative p53 and KRAS targets (7B4N and
6P0Z).

Results:
2-Bromoalkoxyanthraquinones with the 1-hydroxy group were proven to be more active
than the corresponding counterparts in anticancer activity. Among the tested compounds, compound
6b with a C3 alkoxy chain exhibited the most promising antiproliferation activity against HCT116
cells (IC50 = 3.83 ± 0.05 μM) and showed high selectivity for HCT116 over CCD841 CoN cells (SI =
45.47). The molecular docking reveals additional hydrogen bonds between the 1-hydroxy group of
6b and the proteins. Compound 6b has adequate lipophilicity (cLogP = 3.27) and ligand efficiency
metrics (LE = 0.34; LLE = 2.15) close to the proposed acceptable range for an initial hit.

Conclusion:
This work highlights the potential of the 1-hydroxy group and short alkoxy chain on
anticolorectal cancer activity of 2-bromoalkoxyanthraquinones. Further optimisation may be warranted
for compound 6b as a therapeutic agent against colorectal cancer.
Investigating the Efficacy of HPV Vaccines in Preventing Cervical Cancer
from 2006 to 2018 in the US: A SEER Data Set Analysis
Authors: Mattis Alexander , Beydoun Hind , Dobrydneva Yuliya , Ganjoo Rohini 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted
infection in the US.The first HPV vaccine was introduced in 2006. There are three different HPV
vaccines that commonly target high-risk HPV types.

Objective:
This study compares HPV vaccine efficacy based on alternative endpoints with the most
recently available cervical cancer incidence data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End
Results (SEER) program and SEER*Stat statistical software.

Methods:
The incidence of cervical cancer, mined from the most recent April 2021 SEER data set,
was stratified according to age and racial groups. Trend analysis reporting cervical cancer
incidence percentage change (PC) and annual percentage change (APC) was calculated by
SEER*Stat statistical software.

Results:
A total of 46,583 cases of cervical cancer were reported, with an average of about 3,580
incidents of cervical cancer per year, with an overall decrement of about 60 cases over the period of
12 years. The percentage change according to age and race groups varied between -15.9 among 40-
44 years old (yo) and +13.8 among 30-34 yo, and from -12 among non-Hispanic White women to
+13 among Hispanic women. Statistically significant APC was observed for five of the nine age
groups and four of the five racial groups.

Conclusion:
There seems to be little if any, correlation between cervical cancer incidence and the
HPV vaccine program in the US. HPV vaccine efficacy based on alternative endpoints, such as
nucleic acid testing and cytological, surgical, and seropositivity endpoints, is fair. Therefore, it is
important to emphasize such alternative testing and surrogate endpoints.
A Novel Capacity-Strengthening Intervention for Frontline Harm Reduction Workers to Support Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Awareness-Building and Promotion Among People Who Use Drugs: Formative Research and Intervention Development
Authors: Glick Jennifer L , Zhang Leanne , Rosen Joseph G , Yaroshevich Karla , Atiba Bakari , Pelaez Danielle , Park Ju Nyeong 
Published: April 2023

Background
HIV prevalence among people who use drugs (PWUD) in Baltimore, Maryland, is higher than among the general population. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a widely available medication that prevents HIV transmission, yet its usefulness is low among PWUD in Baltimore City and the United States. Community-level interventions to promote PrEP uptake and adherence among PWUD are limited.

Objective
We describe the development of a capacity-strengthening intervention designed for frontline harm reduction workers (FHRWs) to support PrEP awareness-building and promotion among PWUD.

Methods
Our study was implemented in 2 phases in Baltimore City, Maryland. The formative phase focused on a qualitative exploration of the PrEP implementation environment, as well as facilitators and barriers to PrEP willingness and uptake, among cisgender women who use drugs. This work, as well as the existing literature, theory, and feedback from our community partners, informed the intervention development phase, which used an academic-community partnership model. The intervention involved a 1-time, 2-hour training with FHRWs aimed at increasing general PrEP knowledge and developing self-efficacy promoting PrEP in practice (eg, facilitating PrEP dialogues with clients, supporting client advancement along a model of PrEP readiness, and referring clients to PrEP services). In a separate paper, we describe the conduct and results of a mixed methods evaluation to assess changes in PrEP-related knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and promotion practices among FHRWs participating in the training.

Results
The pilot was developed from October to December 2021 and implemented from December 2021 through April 2022. We leveraged existing relationships with community-based harm reduction organizations to recruit FHRWs into the intervention. A total of 39 FHRWs from 4 community-based organizations participated in the training across 4 sessions (1 in-person, 2 online synchronous, and 1 online asynchronous). FHRW training attendees represented a diverse range of work cadres, including peer workers, case managers, and organizational administrators.

Conclusions
This intervention could prevent the HIV burden among PWUD by leveraging the relationships that FHRWs have with PWUD and by supporting advancement along the PrEP continuum. Given suboptimal PrEP uptake among PWUD and the limited number of interventions designed to address this gap, our intervention offers an innovative approach to a burgeoning public health problem. If effective, our intervention has the potential to be further developed and scaled up to increase PrEP awareness and uptake among PWUD worldwide.
Effectiveness of a Mindfulness Meditation App Based on an Electroencephalography-Based Brain-Computer Interface in Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation for Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: He Ying , Tang Zhijie , Sun Guozhen , Cai Cheng , Wang Yao , Yang Gang , Bao ZhiPeng 
Published: April 2023

Background
Radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) can generate considerable physical and psychological discomfort under conscious sedation. App-based mindfulness meditation combined with an electroencephalography (EEG)-based brain-computer interface (BCI) shows promise as effective and accessible adjuncts in medical practice.

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a BCI-based mindfulness meditation app in improving the experience of patients with AF during RFCA.

Methods
This single-center pilot randomized controlled trial involved 84 eligible patients with AF scheduled for RFCA, who were randomized 1:1 to the intervention and control groups. Both groups received a standardized RFCA procedure and a conscious sedative regimen. Patients in the control group were administered conventional care, while those in the intervention group received BCI-based app–delivered mindfulness meditation from a research nurse. The primary outcomes were the changes in the numeric rating scale, State Anxiety Inventory, and Brief Fatigue Inventory scores. Secondary outcomes were the differences in hemodynamic parameters (heart rate, blood pressure, and peripheral oxygen saturation), adverse events, patient-reported pain, and the doses of sedative drugs used in ablation.

Results
BCI-based app–delivered mindfulness meditation, compared to conventional care, resulted in a significantly lower mean numeric rating scale (mean 4.6, SD 1.7 [app-based mindfulness meditation] vs mean 5.7, SD 2.1 [conventional care]; P=.008), State Anxiety Inventory (mean 36.7, SD 5.5 vs mean 42.3, SD 7.2; P<.001), and Brief Fatigue Inventory (mean 3.4, SD 2.3 vs mean 4.7, SD 2.2; P=.01) scores. No significant differences were observed in hemodynamic parameters or the amounts of parecoxib and dexmedetomidine used in RFCA between the 2 groups. The intervention group exhibited a significant decrease in fentanyl use compared to the control group, with a mean dose of 3.96 (SD 1.37) mcg/kg versus 4.85 (SD 1.25) mcg/kg in the control group (P=.003).The incidence of adverse events was lower in the intervention group (5/40) than in the control group (10/40), though this difference was not significant (P=.15).

Conclusions
BCI-based app–delivered mindfulness meditation effectively relieved physical and psychological discomfort and may reduce the doses of sedative medication used in RFCA for patients with AF.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05306015; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05306015