bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vision‐related quality of life among 70‐year‐olds diagnosed with glaucoma
Authors: Johansson Lena Havstam , Kalaboukhova Lada , Erhag Hanna Falk , Skoog Ingmar , Zetterberg Madeleine 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the effect of glaucoma on vision‐related quality of life (VRQoL), lifestyle, physical factors and socioeconomic status in a 70‐year‐old population in Gothenburg, Sweden.MethodsResponses to questionnaires (N = 1182) between groups with and without self‐reported glaucoma were analysed. Questionnaires included National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire (NEI VFQ‐25), Short‐Form Health Survey (SF‐36), physical activity, socioeconomics, alcohol and tobacco consumption. Balance test and body mass index were also included. About half of the participants were randomized to ophthalmic examination (N = 560), variables were analysed separately according to known and confirmed glaucoma, ocular hypertension and/or cases of previously unknown glaucoma.ResultsBoth conventional and Rasch analysis of the NEI VFQ‐25 showed that VRQoL was lower for individuals self‐reporting glaucoma (p = 0.003/p = 0.024). Regarding general QoL, the participants did not differ apart from people self‐reporting glaucoma reported worse general health (p = 0.01). Using logistic regression with lower VRQoL as the dependent variable glaucoma was not a significant predictor of poor VRQoL, odds ratio (OR) 1.83 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76–4.39, p = 0.18). Low household income was associated with lower VRQoL (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.14–2.33, p = 0.01). Socioeconomics, physical activity and lifestyle factors were comparable between the groups (N = 915). Among participants who underwent ophthalmic examination no significant differences were found between glaucoma cases and non‐glaucoma cases in relation to VRQoL (N = 560).ConclusionsPatients with self‐reported glaucoma assessed a lower VRQoL but not lower general quality of life. Poorer household income was associated with worse VRQoL. General health was reported low in the glaucoma population but lifestyle or physical factors did not diverge.
Female investment in terminal reproduction or somatic maintenance depends on infection dose
Authors: Schulz Nora K. E. , Stewart Carly M. , Tate Ann T. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Immune responses are energetically costly to produce and often trade off with investment in reproduction and offspring provisioning. We predicted that hosts can interpret the magnitude of the infection threat from cues like initial bacterial load to adjust reproductive investment into offspring quantity and quality.
To test this prediction, we exposed female flour beetles (Tribolium castaneum) to naïve or sterile media controls or one of three increasing doses of heat‐killed Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). To estimate offspring quantity, we measured the number of eggs and hatched larvae from each maternal treatment group. To estimate offspring quality, we measured egg protein content, development to pupation, pupal weight and offspring survival against Bt infection.
Compared to naïve controls, low and intermediate bacterial doses resulted in lower female fecundity, suggesting a shift to a somatic maintenance strategy. Meanwhile, in the highest‐dose group, fecundity was negatively correlated with egg protein content. This may reflect a trade‐off between offspring quality and quantity that could mask terminal investment based on metrics of quantity alone.
Our results underscore the need to account for the magnitude of environmental cues when quantifying plasticity and trade‐offs among life history traits, and provide new insight into the transgenerational effects of immune responses.
Effects of anti‐Xa activity monitoring on the outcome of high‐risk pregnancies treated with a prophylactic dose of low‐molecular‐weight heparin
Authors: Nasich Lea Liat , Hoffman Ron , Keren‐Politansky Anat , Jabareen Amal , Kalish Yosef , Schliamser Liliana , Brenner Benjamin , Nadir Yona 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate if anti‐Xa level monitoring and dose adjustment in women using a prophylactic dose of enoxaparin can decrease placenta‐mediated pregnancy complications.MethodsThis retrospective observational cohort study included pregnant women receiving enoxaparin prophylaxis, who were followed at the Thrombosis and Hemostasis Outpatient clinic between 2010 and 2017. The dose was adjusted according to enoxaparin anti‐Xa levels in the study group or the weight of individuals in the control group.ResultsOf 585 women surveyed, 110 met the inclusion criteria; 63 of them were included in the study group and 47 in the control group. Mean starting dose was 46 versus 43 mg (p = .25), mean final dose was 52 mg versus 45 mg (p = .03) and dose adjustment was required in 37% versus 11% (p = .002) in the study and control groups, respectively. Twenty‐eight percent of anti‐Xa measurements in the second trimester were beneath the prophylactic threshold, compared to 11% and 16% in the first and third trimesters, respectively (p = .02). Labors ended with live birth in 91% versus 94% of cases (p = .5), 85% versus 68% of pregnancies were term (p = .05), 11% versus 23% of newborns were low birth weight (p = .1) and placenta‐mediated pregnancy complications were documented in 9% versus 19%, (p = .17) in the study group relative to controls, respectively.ConclusionsThe most prominent decrease in anti‐Xa levels was observed in the second trimester. Monitored women had significantly more term deliveries and demonstrated a trend toward higher birth weight and fewer placenta‐mediated pregnancy complications. Larger studies are needed to confirm improved pregnancy outcome in monitored women.
Corroborating otolith age using oxygen isotopes and comparing outcomes to scale age: Consequences for estimation of growth and reference points in northern pike (Esox lucius)
Authors: Rittweg Timo D. , Trueman Clive , Ehrlich Elias , Wiedenbeck Michael , Arlinghaus Robert 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAccurate age estimates are crucial for assessing the life‐histories of fish and providing management advice, but validation studies are rare for many species. We corroborated age estimates with annual cycles of oxygen isotopes (δ18O) in otoliths of 86 northern pike (Esox lucius) from the southern Baltic Sea, compared results with visual age estimates from scales and otoliths, and assessed bias introduced by different age‐estimation structures on von Bertalanffy growth models and age‐structured population models. Age estimates from otoliths were accurate, while age estimates from scales significantly underestimated the age of pike older than 6 years compared to the corroborated reference age. Asymptotic length () was larger, and the growth coefficient was lower for scale ages than for corroborated age and otolith age estimates. Consequentially, scale‐informed population models overestimated maximum sustainable yield (), biomass at (), relative frequency of trophy fish (), and optimal minimum length limit but underestimated fishing mortality at (). Using scale‐based ages to inform management regulations for pike may therefore result in conservative management and lost yield. The overestimated asymptotic length may instill unrealistic expectations of trophy potential in recreational anglers targeting large pike, while the overestimation in MSY would cause unrealistic expectations of yield potential in commercial fishers.
Where are you at? Re‐engaging bioregional ideas and what they offer geography
Authors: Hubbard Ella , Wearne Samuel , Jónás Krisztina , Norton Jonny , Wilke Maria 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBioregionalism was popularised in the 1970s back to the land movement. It is distinguished from other forms of environmentalism through the spatial imaginary of a bioregion as the scale for environmental action and regenerative living. Bioregional thought has been widely critiqued by geographers for its potentially deterministic understanding of the relationship between place and culture. This paper argues that bioregionalism is less of a homogenous movement and more of a discursive forum that houses a spectrum of perspectives. We identify three key tendencies within bioregional thought, an ontological tendency, a critical tendency and a processual tendency. Each tendency is rooted in different spatial imaginaries, and generates different axiologies and strategies of change. We argue that contemporary processual tendencies in bioregional thought are productive for geographers considering questions of (1) materiality, agency and place, (2) politics, ethics and place, and (3) acting in place for urgent and ethical change.
The effect of corporate annual report quality on the relationship between institutional blockholder monitoring and firm's information environment
Authors: Chung Chune Young , Fard Amirhossein , Sul Hong Kee 
Published: August 2023

AbstractExpanding on current research, this study finds that firms with better financial report readability demonstrate a stronger relationship between institutional blockholder monitoring and information asymmetry. This result supports our hypothesis that enhanced readability improves firm information and aids the institutional investor monitoring of firms, reducing information asymmetry. By demonstrating that readability amplifies the marginal effect of institutional blockholder monitoring, we highlight the significance and policy implications of better corporate disclosure readability.
Gas permeability of alumina–spinel refractory castables bonded with hydratable magnesium carboxylate
Authors: Sun Luyan , Ding Donghai , Xiao Guoqing , Chen Jianjun , Li Yanjun , Kang Jian , Chong Xiaochuan , Lei Changkun , Luo Jiyuan , Zheng Xin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe high level of gas permeability can effectively reduce the explosive spalling risk of refractory castables. The hydratable magnesium carboxylate (HMC) is expected to improve the permeability of castables owing to the thermal decomposition of the HMC hydrates. This study compared the gas permeability and explosive spalling resistance of HMC bonded refractory castables (HMCC) with calcium aluminate cement bonded refractory castables (CACC). Thermal decomposition of (Mg3(C6H5O7)2∙11H2O) (hydrates of HMC), drying behavior, and the pores size distribution of castables were investigated. The level of gas permeability of HMCC is higher than that of CACC, which was confirmed by the higher values of Darcian k1 and non‐Darcian k2. The degas temperatures of HMC hydrates (156°C) and HMCC (432°C) are lower than those of CAC hydrates (289°C) and CACC (536°C) at a heating rate of 20°C/min, respectively. The large‐size and more permeable pores in HMCC were obtained according to the mercury intrusion porosimeter (MIP) results, which formed the connected paths for gases (H2O, CO2, C2H4, CO, CH4) released from the castables.
The MgO–TiO2–SiO2 system: Experiments and thermodynamic assessment
Authors: Ilatovskaia Mariia , Treichel André , Fabrichnaya Olga 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPhase relations in the MgO–TiO2–SiO2 system have been investigated in air over a wide temperature range using the equilibration method. X‐ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy combined with wave length X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM/EPMA), and differential thermal analysis (DTA) have been used for sample characterization. Based on the obtained experimental results, isothermal sections of the system at 1523, 1673, and 1773 K have been established. The solid‐state invariant reaction MgTi2O5 + T‐SiO2⇋P‐MgSiO3 + TiO2 has been detected at 1625 ± 8 K by step‐wise heat treatment. A partial liquidus projection has been suggested, and the temperatures and compositions of three eutectic invariant reactions have been experimentally measured by DTA and ex‐situ analysis of the sample microstructures after melting using SEM/EPMA. Considering the newly obtained experimental data, thermodynamic parameters describing the system have been thermodynamically evaluated within the CALPHAD approach.
Synchrotron X‐ray multiscale tomography: Visualization of heterogeneous microstructures and defects in ceramics
Authors: Okuma Gaku , Wakai Fumihiro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSynchrotron X‐ray multiscale tomography is a three‐dimensional (3D) imaging method that combines microtomography and nanotomography to perform a high spatial resolution measurement with a wide field of view. We show how this method can be used to track the 3D microstructural evolution at multiple length scales in powder processing, sintering, and microfracture of ceramics. Heterogeneity, complexity, diversity, and hierarchical structure of powder compact lead to various types of defects that control the quality, reliability, and lifetime of products. The elimination and formation of defects are affected by applied stress in spark plasma sintering and by internal stresses generated during differential sintering and constrained sintering. The complex subsurface crack system induced by Vickers indentation demonstrates how heterogeneous microstructures control the toughening mechanisms.
The evolution of grain boundary energy in textured and untextured Ca‐doped alumina during grain growth
Authors: Conry Bryan , Kole Molly , Burnett W. Ryan , Harley Joel B. , Tonks Michael R. , Kesler Michael S. , Krause Amanda R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe role of anisotropic grain boundary energy in grain growth is investigated using textured microstructures that contain a high proportion of special grain boundaries. Textured and untextured Ca‐doped alumina was prepared by slip casting inside and outside a high magnetic field, respectively. At 1600°C, the textured microstructure exhibits faster growth than the untextured microstructure and its population of low‐angle boundaries increases. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is employed to measure the geometry of thermal grooves to assess the relative grain boundary energy of these systems before and after growth. In the textured microstructure, the grain boundary energy distribution narrows and shifts to a lower average energy. Conversely, the energy distribution broadens for the untextured microstructure as it grows and exhibits abnormal grain growth. Further analysis of the boundary networks neighboring abnormal grains reveals an energy incentive that facilitates their growth. These results suggest that coarsening is not the only dominant grain growth mechanism and that the system can lower its energy effectively by replacing high energy boundaries with those of low energy. The faster growth of lower energy boundaries suggests that isotropic simulations do not adequately account for anisotropic grain growth mechanisms or anisotropic mobility.
Burnout and secondary traumatic stress in staff working with people with intellectual disabilities: The role of adverse childhood experiences, resilience and trauma‐informed organisational climate
Authors: Mercer Louise , Cookson Alex , Müller‐Myhsok Bertram , van Vuuren Julie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere has been extensive research into adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), however, less consideration has been given to the prevalence and impact of ACEs for staff working with people with intellectual disabilities.MethodParticipants were staff employed by agencies that care for people with intellectual disabilities. An online survey collected demographic information and measures of ACEs, resilience, trauma‐informed organisational climate, burnout and secondary traumatic stress. Correlation, regression, mediation and moderation analyses were used.Results81.7% of 109 participants had experienced at least one ACE. Burnout, secondary traumatic stress and resilience were greater in the present study than in comparable samples. Trauma‐informed organisational climate significantly predicted burnout and secondary traumatic stress. Resilience significantly predicted burnout.ConclusionsStaff working with people with intellectual disabilities are likely to have experienced ACEs. Working in a trauma‐informed organisational climate and resilience may be effective avenues for reducing burnout and secondary traumatic stress.
Laterality defect of the heart in non‐teleost fish
Authors: Huijskes Myrte M. , Icardo José M. , Coolen Bram F. , Jensen Bjarke 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDextrocardia is a rare congenital malformation in humans in which most of the heart mass is positioned in the right hemithorax rather than on the left. The heart itself may be normal and dextrocardia is sometimes diagnosed during non‐related explorations. A few reports have documented atypical positions of the cardiac chambers in farmed teleost fish. Here, we report the casual finding of a left–right mirrored heart in an 85 cm long wild‐caught spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) with several organ malformations. Macroscopic observations showed an outflow tract originating from the left side of the ventricular mass, rather than from the right. Internal inspection revealed the expected structures and a looped cavity. The inner curvature of the loop comprised a large trabeculation, the bulboventricular fold, as expected. The junction between the sinus venosus and the atrium appeared normal, only mirrored. MRI data acquired at 0.7 mm isotropic resolution and subsequent 3D‐modeling revealed the atrioventricular canal was to the right of the bulboventricular fold, rather than on the left. Spurred by the finding of dextrocardia in the shark, we revisit our previously published material on farmed Adriatic sturgeon (Acipenser naccarii), a non‐teleost bony fish. We found several alevins with inverted (left‐loop) hearts, amounting to an approximate incidence of 1%–2%. Additionally, an adult sturgeon measuring 90 cm in length showed abnormal topology of the cardiac chambers, but normal position of the abdominal organs. In conclusion, left–right mirrored hearts, a setting that resembles human dextrocardia, can occur in both farmed and wild non‐teleost fish.
The prognosis of neonatal respiratory status within three years after birth in chronic abruption‐oligohydramnios sequence
Authors: Nishikawa Shoko , Taki Mana , Okamoto Haruko , Kawamura Yosuke , Chigusa Yoshitsugu , Tomotaki Seiichi , Mandai Masaki , Mogami Haruta 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimChronic abruption‐oligohydramnios sequence (CAOS), which is characterized by vaginal bleeding and oligohydramnios, adversely affects the lungs of fetuses due to bloody amniotic fluid and oligohydramnios. The criteria for termination of pregnancy remain controversial. This study aimed to examine respiratory function in infants within 3 years after birth and risk factors for respiratory prognosis, and to clarify the management of CAOS.MethodsThis study is a case series of patients with CAOS managed at our institution between 2010 and 2020. The clinical data of the patients and their infants within 3 years after birth were reviewed. The amniotic fluid volume was measured using the maximum vertical pocket (MVP).ResultsSix of 17 neonates (35.3%) used inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) to improve oxygenation. Women with longer periods of MVP <1 cm delivered more neonates using iNO; however, periods of MVP <2 cm were not associated with iNO use. Almost half of the infants required home oxygen therapy when discharged, regardless of amniotic fluid volume. At 18 months corrected age, only one child needed respiratory support, and the others discontinued. Two neonates, both born at 23 weeks of gestational age, died within 1 month after birth because of extremely preterm birth.ConclusionsThe amniotic fluid volume could predict the use of iNO in neonates, but it did not affect the child's respiratory function after the newborn period. Almost all children born to women with CAOS can improve their respiratory function as they grow up.
Coloniality and Indigenous ways of knowing at the edges: Emplacing Earth kin in conservation communities
Authors: Weber Elaina J. W. , Barron Elizabeth S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractParticipation of Indigenous peoples and local communities is encouraged in calls for sustainable transitions and transformations. The term ‘community’ is widely used yet nebulously defined. Conservation that removes people from their communities of land invokes epistemological authority and displaced relationships. We relate our work to the articles in this special issue to rethink the relationship between humans and nature in conservation. We propose expanding the term ‘local communities’ to include more than just humans. By decentring the human subject, we rethink what it means to participate in community and place‐making, further unpacking the ethical motivations of emplacement.
Overlap of pain‐related and general measures of disability among adults with chronic pain
Authors: Moore Ashley , Tumin Dmitry 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeChronic pain is known to be correlated with disability. We aimed to determine the overlap between a general self‐reported measure of disability and a measure of disability due to pain problems among adults with chronic pain.Materials and MethodsWe used data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and analyzed respondents with chronic pain in the past 3 months. General disability was defined as being limited in the kind or amount of work one can do due to any physical, mental, or emotional problem. Pain‐related disability was defined as pain limiting one's activity on “most days” or “every day.”ResultsBased on a sample of 6874 respondents with chronic pain, 58% had either kind of disability, including 9% who reported only pain‐related, but not general disability; and 27% who reported both types of disability. Respondents reporting only pain‐related, but not general disability tended to be younger and had lower rates of obesity, smoking, diabetes, and hypertension than respondents reporting both pain‐related and general disability.DiscussionAmong people with chronic pain, most people with disability are experiencing limitations related to pain problems. Assessment of disability without addressing pain interference has likely underestimated the disability burden in this population.
Giving up gratitude
Authors: Coren Daniel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractResentment is a negative reaction to expressions of bad will. Gratitude is a positive reaction to expressions of good will. To give up resentment, when someone has wronged you, is to forgive them. We might expect an analog for giving up gratitude. The practice features in some ordinary and extraordinary moments in our lives. But it is unnamed and unstudied. I clarify what giving up gratitude is. I identify three types of ordinary and important cases. I then attend to implications; in particular, my account sheds light on restorations of gratitude analogous to un‐forgiving. Restoring gratitude may help to repair relationships, and restoring your once‐lost gratitude may be morally required in some contexts. More generally, by taking account of gratitude as a dynamic attitude that may be given up and restored as fits the situation and one's judgment, we may better understand the power and flexibility of gratitude's everyday function.