bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fun and laughter promote well-being in early childhood education and care: Pedagogy of fun and big humour
Authors: Koch Anette Boye 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In Danish early childhood education and care (ECEC), fun is often emphasised as a key pedagogical tool but is used rather unreflexively. While well-being and happiness have been studied in various ways, the potential of fun is not included in theoretical discussions regarding happiness and well-being, although most people identify having fun as a fundamental reason for being happy. A researcher and three student assistants spent six months in three ECEC settings with a focus on episodes characterised by fun and laughter. Participant observation and interviews were conducted. Empirical data illustrate how fun appears in ECEC as laughter, smiles, attentiveness, intensity and ecstasy. Fun arises momentarily in a sense of lightness and freedom, as a means of communication, in physical play, when rules and expectations are broken, in frivolous references to lower body functions and in experiences of excitement. Pedagogues use fun based on child sensitivity, improvisation, courage to let go of control, informality, energy and a sense of humour. Danish humour philosophy distinguishes between small humour and big humour. Pedagogues with the ability to practice big humour are preferred in order to establish an ECEC culture characterised by fun, laughter and episodes of small humour that promote well-being in children.
An Assessment of the Russo-Ukrainian Conflict on the European Cereal Exports Using Network Theory
Authors: Trucmel Irina-Maria , Vintila Alexandra 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Cereal grains are basic nutrients in the human diet. Given the production capacity gap between countries, food security is subject to global challenges. The Russian invasion of Ukraine from February 2022 has inevitably raised concerns on the resilience of the agro-food system. In this paper, we use network theory to examine the export flows of the European producers of wheat, maize, and barley. Based on annual data from the United Nations Comtrade database, we build specific weighted and directed networks to comparatively assess the dynamics of cereal exporting patterns. We employ centrality metrics for network statistics and modularity for community detection. The central hub for all three cereals remained unchanged. Our results show the following core countries Russia for wheat, France for barley and Ukraine for maize. Their main export destination is also the same, from Russia to Türkiye, France to China and Ukraine to China respectively. Compared to the previous year, several destinations including low-income countries worldwide did not appear as recipients of the Ukrainian exports, but additional countries located in Europe and interconnected by land emerged as partners. This study provides a general assessment of the European exports to support a better understanding of the community structure under the Russo-Ukrainian conflict setting.
Chloride Ion Diffusion Resistance of Bulk Hydrophobic Concrete: Comparison of w/c and Dosages
Authors: Rogers Patrick , Silfwerbrand Johan , Selander Anders , Trägårdh Jan , Utgenannt Peter 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Post-cast application of hydrophobic agents onto hardened concrete is successful at reducing external ion diffusion into cement paste, this work examines pre-cast application of hydrophobic admixtures in fresh concrete. Concretes, with water to cement ratios (w/c) 0.45 and 0.50 (CEM I; low C3A), were mixed. Adding alkyltrialkoxysilane or triacylglycerol admixtures ranging from 1 to 3 wt%cem in these concretes were evaluated. Increasing the dosage of hydrophobic admixtures decreased the compressive strength. The usage of these admixtures did not hinder the further development of the microstructure as all concretes gained strength after one year, but not in the same percentage increase as the reference concrete. Chloride ion diffusion, after exposure to 3 wt% NaCl solution at 20 °C for 91 days, in concretes with 1 wt%cem admixture showed slight reductions in diffusion rate (8-17%) compared to the reference. At 3 wt%cem, triacylglycerol admixtures showed better hindering effects of inward chloride diffusion, this was especially evident in w/c = 0.45. Equivalent addition of alkyltrialkoxysilane-based admixtures increased the diffusion of chloride ions transferred into the cement matrix.
Load Effects of ASR-induced Expansion in Reinforced Concrete and Their Consequences for Structural Assessment
Authors: Stemland Kathrine Mürer , Johansen Håvard , Kanstad Terje 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper describes the structural effects of ASR expansion in reinforced structures. It proposes models and procedures for calculating the strains in the concrete caused by the reinforcement, the load effects in statically indeterminate structures and the cross-sectional capacities. Three models are described to include variations of the ASR expansion in a section. Model 1 for constant or linearly varying ASR expansion, Model 2 for an expansion variation in different parts of a cross-section and Model 3 for a particular case of different expansion in subsections of the cross-section. The models are exemplified by calculations based on input data from one relevant bridge, the 70 years old Elgeseter bridge in Trondheim, Norway. This is done to illustrate various aspects of the calculation methods and show the structural consequences of the ASR expansion. The results correlate with the bridge’s observed structural behavior and assumed expansion. This paper also illustrates the importance of coordinating inspection, material testing and structural strength analysis to obtain reliable assessment.
Requirements for Test Series for Relative Humidity Measurements to Calibrate Drying Time Simulation Model
Authors: Sekki Pauli , Niemi Sami , Karvinen Timo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThere is a great need for an easy-to-use tool to simulate drying of concrete floors. In order to model practical situations, the tool should take into account changing conditions, especially wetting at worksite, but also temperature. For this purpose, a simulation program was developed for drying time estimations for concrete floors, which was published in 2021 and is named as the “by2020 Concrete drying time estimate”. This study presents the results of the laboratory test series conducted to calibrate the drying time estimations of the by2020 software. As all possible scenarios for practical situations were not possible to study in the test series, results from the literature were partly used for calibration and validation of the tool. A methodology for test series for calibration of the drying time estimation model is proposed based on this study. It was found that a model suitable for practical applications can be implemented based on relative humidity measurements only. However, the tests series of relative humidity measurements should take into account the influence of various factors such as wetting period and different temperature conditions.
Hypermobility spectrum disorders: A review
Authors: Carroll Matthew B 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
It remains a clinical challenge identifying when joint hypermobility (JH) is responsible for pain. Previous nomenclature utilized terms such as (benign) joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS) but this was updated in 2017 as advances in genetics provide a basis for nearly all variants of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) with the exception of hypermobile EDS (hEDS). New terminology describes hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSDs) as the updated term for JHS. Diagnosis of a subtype of HSDs should be considered in patients who have JH coupled with the presence of secondary musculo-skeletal manifestations (trauma, chronic pain, disturbed proprioception, and other manifestations) and at the exclusion of hEDS. Extra-articular manifestations are common. Treatment relies on management strategies for other chronic pain syndromes with a multidisciplinary approach likely optimal. Lifestyle modifications focus on weight loss and exercise. Physical therapy helps strengthen periarticular muscles, improving mobility. Pharmacologic therapies focus on judicious use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and acetaminophen. Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor may help widespread pain. Avoidance of opioids remains prudent. The purpose of this review is to provide clinicians the rationale for the update in nomenclature, understand the musculoskeletal and extra-articular manifestations of the subtypes of HSDs, considerations when making the diagnosis, and treatment.
A survey of artificial intelligence in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Wang Jiaqi , Tian Yu , Zhou Tianshu , Tong Danyang , Ma Jing , Li Jingsong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The article offers a survey of currently notable artificial intelligence methods (released between 2019-2023), with a particular emphasis on the latest advancements in detecting rheumatoid arthritis (RA) at an early stage, providing early treatment, and managing the disease. We discussed challenges in these areas followed by specific artificial intelligence (AI) techniques and summarized advances, relevant strengths, and obstacles. Overall, the application of AI in the fields of RA has the potential to enable healthcare professionals to detect RA at an earlier stage, thereby facilitating timely intervention and better disease management. However, more research is required to confirm the precision and dependability of AI in RA, and several problems such as technological and ethical concerns related to these approaches must be resolved before their widespread adoption.
The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Criminal Investigation and Trials in Europe and Some Countries: Experience for Vietnam
Authors: Thao Nguyen Phuong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Applying artificial intelligence (AI) is a modern and effective way to solve criminal case. However, this is a relatively new issue and has not been researched and applied thoroughly. Therefore, being fully aware of the nature of artificial intelligence, ensuring the basic principles, and using them in criminal justice will create the basis for the effects applied by law enforcement in practice. This article presents an overview of artificial intelligence and its relationship with criminal justice; the ability to apply artificial intelligence in solving criminal cases; Vietnam’s policies and challenges on research, development, and application of artificial intelligence. From there, the author proposes some recommendations to enhance the efficiency of criminal cases resolution based on ensuring the basic rights of the accused.
Life Imprisonment in Canada: Is the “Hope” Lost?
Authors: Lafrance Sébastien 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Life imprisonment has divergent meanings in various countries. With a focus on the issues related to life imprisonment in Canada, more specifically regarding the issue of the ‘hope to be released’ for the individuals serving a life sentence, the author assesses the legislation and some relevant, positive and negative, jurisprudential developments pertaining to life imprisonment in that context from a few countries, including Vietnam. The positive evolution that the Canadian jurisprudence witnessed in 2022 with respect to the eligibility for release of detainees serving a lifelong sentence could make Canada an interesting case study for Vietnam. This paper mainly relies on legal doctrinal research and comparative law by way of referring to the legislation and caselaw of a few different national jurisdictions for its analysis.
Fault is Not a Condition for Determination of Liability for Non-Contractual Damage -A Development in Human Rights Protection in Vietnam
Authors: Son Le Truong , Quang Nguyen Xuan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Liability to compensate for non-contractual damage is an important regulation in the Civil Code. Vietnam has developed and promulgated the law on compensation for damage to quickly and promptly remedy damage to the aggrieved subject. One of the factors is that the 2015 Civil Code does not stipulate that fault is a condition giving rise to compensation liability, thereby thoroughly protecting human rights, the rights of individuals and organizations in civil relations in Vietnam. This article analyzes the above issue.
Book Review: Contract Law in East Central Europe
Authors: An Chu Thị Thanh 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The book “Contract law in East Central Europe”, edited by Emőd Veress, is a part of a comparative legal project on a wide range of topics in the Central Europe. The book is devoted to the general rules on contracts in the jurisdictions of Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, and Slovenia. This book is highly recommended to both academics and legal practitioners who are interested in comparative contract law.
Herausforderung Verkehrsinfrastruktur: heutiges System des Bundesverkehrswegeplans
Authors: Böttger Christian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this article, the author describes the current system of transport infrastructure planning in Germany (BVWP). The forecasting system and the projects derived are subject to intense public discussion and criticism. The author is scrutinizing the main discussion points and develops proposals for a modernization of the existing system.
Neue Prioritäten in der Bundesverkehrswegeplanung?
Authors: Eisenkopf Alexander 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In the course of the so-called requirements plan review, a fundamental discussion is taking place about the priorities in federal transport infrastructure planning. Numerous interest groups are calling for a sole focus on climate protection and environmental goals. This paper argues that such a miopic orientation of transport infrastructure planning will lead to productivity and growth losses.The key lever of climate policy, rather, is decarbonization of transport activities.
Öffentlich-rechtlicher Rundfunk unter Druck
Authors: Beck Hanno , Prinz Aloys 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In the wake of recent scandals, public broadcasting has again come under criticism. In the coming years, public broadcasting faces three major challenges: Firstly, considering recent scandals, an effective system of corporate governance must be installed. Secondly, the funding of public broadcasting must be rethought. Thirdly, in the longer term, public broadcasting must be adapted to a digitised and changing media landscape. In addition to various approaches for better corporate governance, alternative solutions for determining the financial resources of public broadcasting are discussed. Finally, structural reform options as well as a comprehensive reform by means of a media fund for the digital media age are analysed.
„Arbeit und Brot“ – die sozioökonomische NS-Propaganda vor 1933
Authors: Kowall Nikolaus 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The NSDAP not only copied the style of the labour movement from the start, but also shifted the focus of its propaganda from 1928 onward from nationalistic foreign policy to domestic and social issues. Until 1932, however, the new socio-economic focus was not underpinned by any concrete economic policy programme. This changed in the final phase of the Weimar Republic, when the NSDAP recognised the political importance of taking action against mass unemployment like no other party. Ideas for active economic policy using central bank-financed employment programmes, which the leading National Socialist Gregor Strasser adopted from early Keynesian and trade union circles, served as the programmatic basis. The topic was job creation, the slogan was “work and bread” and the explicit main opponent, the SPD, was blamed for unemployment, misery and bankruptcy. This socio-economic focus may have contributed significantly to the electoral success of the NSDAP in July 1932, when it replaced the SPD as the strongest party in the Reichstag. The Nazis were able to garner more than a quarter of the workers‘ votes and became the strongest party - even among the workers. With this, the NSDAP turned into a people‘s party, which was drawn from all milieus.
Deutschlands internationale Klimafinanzierung auf dem Prüfstand
Authors: Becker Ann-Kristin , Sieberichs Ina 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we discuss whether Germany fulfills its international commitments in financing climate projects in vulnerable countries of the Global South or whether the financing is rather guided by German interests. To this end, we take a critical look at the fact that climate projects are mainly financed through the development cooperation budget. We also discuss the allocation of funds between climate change adaptation and climate change mitigation. We argue that the budget of development cooperation should be increased, and that international climate finance should focus more on climate adaptation.
Entwicklung der öffentlichen Gesundheitsausgaben
Authors: Zeddies Götz 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In light of demographic change, health expenditures of the German state should rise considerably in future. On the basis of the 15th population forecast of the German Federal Statistical Office, health expenditures of the German public health care system are projected until the year 2050. As the calculations show, public health care expenditures of the German federal state will almost triple by then.. In Germany, public health care expenditures are financed by social security contributions raised on gross wages. These wages, according to long-term economic projections of the OECD, will also rise considerably by the year of 2050. However, since public health care expenditures will increase more than gross wages due to demographic change, contribution rates or tax subsidies to the German statutory health insurance will have to be increased.
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL TO FINANCIAL PERFORMANCES IN THE IDX STATE-OWNED 20 INDEX
Authors: Suripto Suripto , Lucas João Luís 
Published: July 2023

This study aims to determine the influence of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Intellectual Capital as measured by Value Added Capital Employed (VACA), Value Added Capital Employed Human Capital (VAHU), and Structural Capital Value Added (STVA) on the Financial Performance of Companies. This type of research is associative quantitative using saturated samples, where all populations are used as samples, containing total of 20 State-owned Companies (SoC). While the research period was carried out over five years, namely 2018-2021, so there were 80 observational data. This study uses annual financial reports, sustainability reports, and company websites as secondary data sources sources then the researchers present the data in a data tabulation. Data analysis methods used in this study include descriptive statistics, classical assumptions, panel data regression, and hypothesis testing with Eviews-12 software. The results of this study indicate that the CSR and Intellectual Capital, as measured by VACA and STVA, significantly influence the financial performance of IDXSoC. However, VAHU does not influence financial performance. This study contributes to enriching the research development of the sustainability accounting field. Meanwhile, the results of this study may suggest that the SoC management should optimize CSR and Intellectual Capital performance in order to strengthen their financial performances.
An Analysis of Household Consumption for the City of Chachapoyas, Amazonas
Authors: Vega Edinson Cueva , Dávila Manuel Antonio Morante , Pantaleón Alex Javier Sánchez , Caro Omer Cruz , Barrientos Marden Rigoberto Zumaeta 
Published: July 2023

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the profile of academic research on blended learning in the world and propose a research agenda for the topic.

Theoretical framework: Recent literature has reported good results in both student performance and satisfaction in blended learning (Dziuban et al., 2004). However, there is still much to investigate and learn about BL because it is a recent development.

Method: The research is descriptive was non-experimental, the sample was calculated by probabilistic sampling, for the estimation of consumption a simple model of consumption was used a general linear regression model (GLRM) that was supported by the estimation by ordinary least squares (OLS).

Results and conclusion: The results show an 83.0% degree of goodness of fit. In other words, 83.0% of the variability of consumption is explained by the variability of family income. The marginal propensity of households to consume is 62.6 percent, i.e., for each additional monthly income generated, 0.62 percent of this new income is converted into consumption expenditure, taking into account all the components of consumption, and the remainder, i.e., 37.4 percent, is spent on savings or investment, bearing in mind that the economic theory of saving and investment essentially are the same.

Implications of the research: The study is important because it describes consumption at the microeconomic level, using an econometric model that explains the relationship between consumption and income. Socially, it describes consumer behavior.

Originality/Value: The value of the study focuses on the analysis of income with consumption through an econometric model that describes how much of the income is destined for consumption.
Multi-Fusion algorithms for Detecting Land Surface Pattern Changes Using Multi-High Spatial Resolution Images and Remote Sensing Analysis
Authors: Dibs Hayder , Sabah Jaber Hussein , Al-Ansari Nadhir 
Published: July 2023

Producing accurate Land-Use and Land-Cover (LU/LC) maps using low-spatial-resolution images is a difficult task. Pan-sharpening is crucial for estimating LU/LC patterns. This study aimed to identify the most precise procedure for estimating LU/LC by adopting two fusion approaches, namely Color Normalized Brovey (BM) and Gram-Schmidt Spectral Sharpening (GS), on high-spatial-resolution Multi-sensor and Multi-spectral images, such as (1) the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) system, (2) the WorldView-2 satellite system, and (3) low-spatial-resolution images like the Sentinel-2 satellite, to generate six levels of fused images with the three original multi-spectral images. The Maximum Likelihood method (ML) was used for classifying all nine images. A confusion matrix was used to evaluate the accuracy of each single classified image. The obtained results were statistically compared to determine the most reliable, accurate, and appropriate LU/LC map and procedure. It was found that applying GS to the fused image, which integrated WorldView-2 and Sentinel-2 satellite images and was classified by the ML method, produced the most accurate results. This procedure has an overall accuracy of 88.47% and a kappa coefficient of 0.85. However, the overall accuracies of the three classified multispectral images range between 86.84% to 76.49%. Furthermore, the accuracy assessment of the fused images by the Brovey method and the rest of the GS method and classified by the ML method ranges between 85.75% to 76.68%. This proposed procedure shows a lot of promise in the academic sphere for mapping LU/LC. Previous researchers have mostly used satellite images or datasets with similar spatial and spectral resolution, at least for tropical areas like the study area of this research, to detect land surface patterns. However, no one has previously investigated and examined the use and application of different datasets that have different spectral and spatial resolutions and their accuracy for mapping LU/LC. This study has successfully adopted different datasets provided by different sensors with varying spectral and spatial levels to investigate this. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-04-013 Full Text: PDF