bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New bag of features using reinforcement Aquila optimization and weighted Bayesian Gaussian mixture modelling for dental images
Authors: Vijh Surbhi , Gupta Neetu , Kumar Sumit , Bansal Priti 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDentistry diseases are worldwide concern with the fact that 5% of medical budget is spent on it. Dental diagnosis requires frequent visits to clinic and multiple personal check‐ups by an expert. This delays the process of diagnosis as well as introduces the danger of oral infection spread. Automation is boon to speed up the process of diagnosis, reduce expert's involvement and help in handling volume of patients. In situations like pandemic as seen in this decade, computer based automatic systems in health have proven their importance and necessity. For dental diagnosis, images are useful tool for better anatomical views and accurate decision of treatment. However, manual dental analysis increases load on dentists for initial check‐up that can be easily performed with automated systems or self‐kits. Oral cavity is a dental illness, if not identified and treated on time may lead to other serious ailments. This work presents a framework that performs tooth image classification for cavity and non‐cavity with new bag of features (NBoF) method. NBoF method is an attempt to improve the performance of bag of features (BoF) using the proposed reinforcement Aquila optimization (RAO) and weighted Bayesian Gaussian mixture modelling (WBGMM). An analysis of the performance of the NBoF using the proposed RAO and WBGMM is conducted using standard metrics. The comparative study of results proves that the proposed NBoF method outperforms the existing state‐of‐the‐art algorithms.
Trophic roles of tadpoles in tropical Australian streams
Authors: Schmidt Katrin , Blanchette Melanie L. , Pearson Richard G. , Alford Ross A. , Davis Aaron M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Tadpoles can be abundant consumers in stream ecosystems, and may influence the structure and function of streams through their feeding activities and interactions with other organisms. To understand the contribution of tadpoles to stream functioning, and the potential impact of their loss, it is necessary to determine their diets and how they might influence food‐web structure.

Using gut‐content analysis and stable‐isotope analysis of N and C, we determined the main food sources and trophic positions of tadpoles of five native frog species, invertebrates, and fish in upland and lowland Australian Wet Tropics streams.

Omnivory was prevalent among the tadpoles and invertebrates. Tadpoles consumed different food according to availability and nutrient quality, but assimilated mainly biofilm and algae. Most tadpoles and invertebrates assimilated the same high‐quality foods.

Food webs in upland riffles were simplified by local extinction of tadpoles, and were probably simplified in pools in the cooler months by seasonal decline in tadpole abundance. Food‐web complexity was increased in some pools by the presence of predatory fish and a greater number of basal sources.

As tadpoles are important seasonal components in stream food webs, their local extinction can greatly alter food‐web structure and complexity and, possibly, processes such as leaf litter breakdown and sediment accumulation.
Marine diatoms record Late Holocene regime shifts in the Pikialasorsuaq ecosystem
Authors: Limoges Audrey , Ribeiro Sofia , Van Nieuwenhove Nicolas , Jackson Rebecca , Juggins Stephen , Crosta Xavier , Weckström Kaarina 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Pikialasorsuaq (North Water polynya) is an area of local and global cultural and ecological significance. However, over the last decades, the region has been subject to rapid warming, and in some recent years, the seasonal ice arch that has historically defined the polynya's northern boundary has failed to form. Both factors are deemed to alter the polynya's ecosystem functioning. To understand how climate‐induced changes to the Pikialasorsuaq impact the basis of the marine food web, we explored diatom community‐level responses to changing conditions, from a sediment core spanning the last 3800 years. Four metrics were used: total diatom concentrations, taxonomic composition, mean size, and diversity. Generalized additive model statistics highlight significant changes at ca. 2400, 2050, 1550, 1200, and 130 cal years BP, all coeval with known transitions between colder and warmer intervals of the Late Holocene, and regime shifts in the Pikialasorsuaq. Notably, a weaker/contracted polynya during the Roman Warm Period and Medieval Climate Anomaly caused the diatom community to reorganize via shifts in species composition, with the presence of larger taxa but lower diversity, and significantly reduced export production. This study underlines the high sensitivity of primary producers to changes in the polynya dynamics and illustrates that the strong pulse of early spring cryopelagic diatoms that makes the Pikialasorsuaq exceptionally productive may be jeopardized by rapid warming and associated Nares Strait ice arch destabilization. Future alterations to the phenology of primary producers may disproportionately impact higher trophic levels and keystone species in this region, with implications for Indigenous Peoples and global diversity.
Global change and plant–pollinator communities in Mediterranean biomes
Authors: Kantsa Aphrodite , De Moraes Consuelo M. , Mescher Mark C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimOccurring in five distinct global regions, Mediterranean‐type ecosystems (MTEs) include both centres of agricultural production and hotspots of extratropical biodiversity – particularly for plants and bees. Considerable research has addressed the persistence of highly diverse biological communities within MTEs, despite their typically long histories of anthropogenic and natural disturbance. However, important questions remain, especially regarding the limits of ecological resilience in the face of accelerating environmental change. Here, we explore current knowledge regarding the effects of disturbance on MTE plant–pollinator communities.LocationMediterranean Basin, California, Cape Province in South Africa, Central Chile and Southern South‐Western Australia.Taxa StudiedFlowering plants and pollinators (insects, birds and mammals).MethodsWe reviewed the available literature about MTE plant–pollinator communities via a systematic search that yielded 234 case studies. We analysed this dataset to quantify research efforts across regions and taxonomic groups, the proportion of surveys addressing ecological interactions (i.e. rather than only taxonomic diversity) and the availability of work addressing community responses to specific stressors (viz. climate change, landscape alteration, fire, farming, grazing, urbanization and species introductions).ResultsCurrent knowledge on MTE plant–pollinator communities is dominated by work from the northern Mediterranean Basin, while the Southern Hemisphere and California are markedly understudied by comparison. Taxonomic coverage is similarly uneven, with 58% of studies focusing only on a single pollinator group. Furthermore, less than half of the surveys address ecological networks. Finally, despite some pioneering work addressing fire, climate and species introductions, only 13% focus on the impact of stressors on interaction networks.OutlookBased on our findings, we identify a need for coordinated international research efforts focusing on (i) community‐level studies, observational and experimental, (ii) ecological networks, (iii) functional traits mediating post‐disturbance recovery and (iv) impacts of combined/synergistic stressors. Progress in these areas will facilitate predictions about the long‐term impacts of global change on MTE plant–pollinator communities.
WHOSE KNOWLEDGE, WHOSE POWER? ETHICS IN URBAN REGENERATION PROJECTS WITH COMMUNITIES
Authors: Fenster Tovi , Kulka Tal 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTThis paper examines “moments of residents' awareness” and their ethics in three planning processes, each representing different relations between local and professional knowledge in the course of the three‐year regeneration project in Meonot Yam neighborhood, Bat Yam, Israel. This new terminology emphasizes how nuanced relations between various types of knowledge better explain the challenges faced by planners and residents in regeneration projects. These moments reflect residents' empowerment, challenging the binary view of professional/powerful versus local/ powerless knowledge that characterizes modernist thinking. The paper proposes that in such complicated processes it helps to analyze moments of power/knowledge transformation, from which one can learn that conflict and disagreement, and not only consensus, can lead to residents' empowerment.
Prevalence and risk factors of psychological symptoms and quality of life in COVID‐19 survivors: A cross‐sectional study of three different populations
Authors: Emıroglu Canan , Gorpelıoglu Süleyman , Ozagar Serap Demirelli , Demır Pervin , Aypak Cenk 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimStudies of the effects of COVID‐19, especially post‐acute COVID‐19 syndrome, on psychological health in non‐severe cases are limited. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and associated risk factors of psychological symptoms, and quality‐of‐life in three groups of outpatients, hospitalized and intensive care patients.MethodsA total 276 patients, previously confirmed with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, attending the COVID‐19 follow‐up outpatient clinic from December 2020 to July 2021 were interviewed face‐to‐face. In this cross‐sectional, retrospective study, all participants were asked our self‐designed demographic and screening questions to assess their psychological symptoms and administered the WHQOOL‐BREF survey to evaluate quality of life.ResultsIn screening questions, major depressive disorder symptoms were detected at a rate of 20.3%, generalized anxiety disorder symptoms at a rate of 16.7%, panic attack symptoms at a rate of 10.9%, post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms at a rate of 28.6% and obsessive‐compulsive disorder symptoms at a rate of 18.1%. The outpatient group with COVID‐19 infection had a higher risk of developing psychological symptoms and decreased quality of life.ConclusionCOVID‐19 infection was found to have a considerable psychological impact on those treated as outpatients despite the less severe course of their illness.
Trajectories of care and outcomes of Veterans receiving home‐based primary care
Authors: Edwards Samuel T. , O'Neill Allison , Niederhausen Meike , Salvi Apoorva , Laliberte Avery , Saha Somnath , Hynes Denise M. , Pizer Steven , Kinosian Bruce 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundVeterans Affairs (VA) home‐based primary care (HBPC) provides comprehensive longitudinal care to patients with complex, chronic disabling disease. While enrollment is associated with lower hospitalization rates and costs, detailed trajectories have not been well described.MethodsWe performed a longitudinal descriptive study of patients newly enrolled in VA HBPC in fiscal year (FY) 2015. We extracted demographics, comorbidities, functional status, and social supports from VA and Medicare data and examined patterns of care and clinical outcomes, including hospital, nursing home (NH), hospice use and mortality from FY2015–2017. We present results using descriptive statistics, alluvial plots, and heat maps.ResultsWe identified 10,571 HBPC enrollees in FY2015; mean age was 77.7. HBPC patients commonly had chronic medical conditions with high self‐management burden (e.g., diabetes 48.2%) and disabling conditions such as dementia (39.3%). Over half had ≥2 deficits in activities of daily living, 46% had caregivers with functional limitations or no caregiver, and 25% resided in a socially deprived area. Patients experienced variable care trajectories. Mean time enrolled in HBPC was 331 days, 8.3% of patients were discharged after 3 months, and 22.8% stayed enrolled for over 2 years. Institutional health care use declined in the 6 months after initial enrollment: (e.g., hospital: 41%–25%, NH: 34%–11%). At 2 years, 36% of patients had died; among decedents, 58% received hospice and 72% died in a non‐institutional setting. In the last 180 days of life, 84% of time was spent at home, and once enrolled in hospice, 97% of time was spent outside of institutional care.ConclusionsHBPC patients experience highly variable care trajectories but on average have reductions in acute care use and spend a majority of time in non‐institutional settings. These data allow for a nuanced understanding of HBPC, providing a platform for monitoring, evaluating, and improving program function.
Discerning networks: Distortions of human movement in Urabá, Colombia
Authors: Echeverri Zuluaga Jonathan , Ordóñez Juan Thomas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSince the beginning of the 21st century, the Colombian region of Urabá, that borders Panama, has gained notoriety for the transit of people moving from Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean to North America. Using an ethnographic approach, this article examines how the accounts of local bureaucrats and other actors in the region frame these movements within the influence of “redes,” that is, networks, a vague reference to the hold illegal armed actors and smugglers have over the region. We argue that redes works as a placeholder that simplifies the complexities around these types of migration and gives the phenomenon distorted contours which ignore the agency of people on‐the‐move. We contrast local accounts of the criminal influence over these movements to those of the travelers themselves who describe a variety of interactions along their journeys, but do not mention networks of this kind.
Non‐operating revenue is an important source of funding for rural hospitals, especially those that are government‐owned
Authors: Pitcher Ariana , Zhang Ruoyu , Gurzenda Susie , Pink George , Reiter Kristin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeNon‐operating revenue (NOR), derived from investments, contributions, government appropriations, and medical space rentals, can contribute to financial stability of hospitals by offsetting operating losses and improving profitability. NOR might benefit rural hospitals that often face intense financial pressures. However, little is known about how much rural hospitals rely on NOR and if certain organizational characteristics are associated with differences in NOR.MethodsHealthcare Cost Report Information System data from 2011 to 2019 were used to analyze sources of revenue among Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs) and Rural Prospective Payment System (R‐PPS) hospitals through descriptive statistics and regression models. Reliance on NOR was measured by the percentage of total revenue from non‐operating sources.FindingsResults indicate that both CAHs and R‐PPS hospitals rely on NOR; however, CAHs have a higher percentage of total revenue derived from non‐operating sources (3.2%) as compared to R‐PPS hospitals (1.9%) (p < 0.001). Government‐owned hospitals have significantly higher reliance on NOR than other ownership types. System affiliation also influences reliance on NOR. Lastly, results suggest that NOR may play a role in improving overall profit margins.ConclusionsAs rural hospitals disproportionately face challenges related to declining profitability and the risk for closure, they may rely on NOR to continue to strengthen financial performance and provide health care to their communities. However, NOR is not guaranteed, and reliance on NOR further reiterates the value of stable, adequate reimbursement to guard against fluctuations in NOR.
Aquinas On Being, Goodness, And Divine Simplicity
Authors: Stump Eleonore 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAquinas's virtue-based ethics is grounded in his metaphysics, and in particular in one part of his doctrine of the transcendentals, namely, the relation of being and goodness. This metaphysics supplies for his normative ethics the sort of metaethical foundation that some contemporary virtue-centered ethics have been criticized for lacking, and it grounds an ethical naturalism of considerable philosophical sophistication. In addition, this grounding has a theological implication even more fundamental than its applications to ethics. That is because Aquinas takes God to be essentially and uniquely being itself. Consequently, on Aquinas's view, God is also essentially goodness itself. Aquinas's metaphysical grounding for his ethics is thus meant to be understood in connection with his more fundamental views regarding God's nature, and in particular his views of God's simplicity. This metaphysical grounding confers significant philosophical and theological advantages on his ethics.
Sporocarp nutrition of ectomycorrhizal fungi indicates an important role for endemic species in a high productivity temperate rainforest
Authors: McPolin M. Claire , Kranabetter J. Marty , Philpott Tim J. , Hawkins Barbara J. 
Published: September 2023

Summary

Endemic species of ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) are found throughout many biomes, but it is unclear whether their localized distribution is dictated by habitat filtering or geographical barriers to dispersal.

We examined community composition (via long‐read metabarcoding) and differences in sporocarp nutrition between endemic and cosmopolitan EMF species across perhumid temperate rainforests of British Columbia, characterized by soils with high nitrogen (N) supply alongside low phosphorus (P) and cation availability.

Endemic EMF species, representing almost half of the community, had significantly greater sporocarp N (24% higher), potassium (+16%), and magnesium (+17%) concentrations than cosmopolitan species. Sporocarp P concentrations were comparatively low and did not differ by fungal range. However, sporocarp N% and P% were well correlated, supporting evidence for linkages in N and P acquisition. Endemics were more likely to occur on Tsuga heterophylla (a disjunct host genus) than Picea sitchensis (a circumpolar genus). The Inocybaceae and Thelephoraceae families had high proportions of endemic taxa, while species in Cortinariaceae were largely cosmopolitan, indicating some niche conservatism among genera.

We conclude that superior adaptive traits in relation to perhumid soils were skewed toward the endemic community, underscoring the potentially important contribution of these localized fungi to rainforest nutrition and productivity.
The Influence of Screw Positioning on Cage Subsidence in Patients with Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion Combined with Anterolateral Fixation
Authors: Wang Kai , Wang Xiandi , Li Zhuhai , Xie Tianhang , Wang Lihang , Luo Chuan , Huang Shishu , Zeng Jiancheng 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesCage subsidence (CS) has been reported to be one of the most common complications following oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF). To reduce the incidence of CS and improve intervertebral fusion rates, anterolateral fixation (AF) has been gradually proposed. However, the incidence of CS in patients with oblique lumbar interbody fusion combined with anterolateral fixation (OLIF‐AF) is still controversial. Additionally, there is a lack of consensus regarding the optimal placement of screws for OLIF‐AF, and the impact of screw placement on the incidence of CS has yet to be thoroughly investigated and validated. The objective of this investigation was to examine the correlation between screw placements and CS and to establish an optimized approach for implantation in OLIF‐AF.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was undertaken. From October 2017 to December 2020, a total of 103 patients who received L4/5 OLIF‐AF for lumbar spinal stenosis or spondylolisthesis or degenerative instability in our department were followed up for more than 12 months. Demographic and radiographic data of these patients were collected. Additionally, screw placement related parameters, including trajectory and position, were measured by anterior–posterior X‐ray and axial CT. Analysis was done by chi‐square, independent t‐test, univariable and multivariable binary logistic regression to explore the correlation between screw placements and CS. Finally, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the predictive ability of screw placement‐related parameters.ResultsA total of 103 patients were included, and CS was found in 28 (27.18%) patients. Univariable analysis was firstly performed for each parameter. Next, variables with p‐value of <0.05, including bone mineral density (BMD), concave morphology, and screw placement‐related parameters were included in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. Significant predictor factors for subsidence were coronal plane angle (CPA) (OR 0.580 ± 0.208, 95% CI 1.187–2.684), implantation point (IP) (L4) (OR 5.732 ± 2.737, 95% CI 1.445–12.166), and IP (L5) (OR 7.160 ± 3.480, 95% CI 1.405–28.683). Furthermore, ROC curves showed that the predictive accuracy of CS was 88.1% for CPA, 77.6% for IP (L4) and 80.9% for IP (L5).ConclusionsWe demonstrate that the trajectory of vertebral screws, including angle and position, was closely related to CS. Inserting screws parallel to each other and as close to the endplate as possible while keeping the cage inside the range of the superior and inferior screws are an optimal implantation strategy for OLIF‐AF.
An ontological struggle: Islamic political theology and the criminalization of same‐sex sexuality in Indonesia
Authors: Ramadhan Febi R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper examines legal efforts to criminalize same‐sex sexualities between consenting adults by conservative Muslim movements in Indonesia, epitomized by the Constitutional Court of Indonesia's 2016 Judicial Review on the Indonesian Penal Code, continuous resistance to the Sexual Violence Law, and the current Indonesian Penal Code. Based on my ethnography of the Judicial Review's court transcript and other legal archives, I argue that the conservative Muslim movements’ legal effort to criminalize sexuality in Indonesia is an exercise of Islamic political theology revolving around a certain ontology of personhood concerning the relationships between “the human” and God, the state, and the nation. This ontology is apparent in their assertion about the intrinsic difference between sexual violence (“kekerasan seksual”) vs. sexual crime (“kejahatan seksual”). This paper aims to: (1) demonstrate that anthropological inquiries of ontologies can further develop the conceptual framework of political theology, especially in elucidating how ontological imposition of “the human” and its personhood plays a pivotal part in conservative movements’ repertoires in criminalizing sexuality; and (2) make use of Southeast Asian studies’ scholarships and cases to speak back to the broader discussion on the fissures in/of secular imaginaries and secularization processes.