bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Organizational Model and Growth of a Free-Standing Physical Therapy Student-Run Clinic
Authors: Rayson Nicole , Weiss Shelby , Bellizio Jonathan 
Published: May 2023

Student-run medical free clinics are becoming a way for students to engage and serve their local communities while improving and growing their own professional skills. Widener University has become one of these institutions of higher education in which their professional programs have embraced service-learning and community engagement into their curriculum. The Institute for Physical Therapy Education at Widener University has added to the institutionâ€™s civil mission by opening the Chester Community Physical Therapy Clinic on September 15, 2009. The clinic is completely student-run and follows an organizational model that implements a student board, which with the help of faculty, oversees the daily function of the clinic. Over the last six years, the student board has striven to develop the organizational model to provide the most competent, professional, and consistent care to the clinicâ€™s clients. We hope that this descriptive article can serve as a guide for others who wish to begin or improve upon their own student-run clinics that serve their respective communities.
A Logic Model for Planning, Implementing, and Evaluating a Student-Run Free Clinic
Authors: McAndrew Rose , Kaskutas Vicki 
Published: May 2023

Student-run free clinics (SRFCs) are an important part of the American healthcare system, providing free services to many individuals in need. Patients report improvements after care in an SRFC, and students develop skills requisite for practice. Current literature describes outcomes at SRFCs for patients and students but fails to provide a solid model to guide planning, implementation, and evaluation of SRFCsâ€™ success. This paper presents the SRFC logic model, a contextually based model that is useful throughout the life of an SRFC. The SRFC logic model utilizes a backward design process for planning a new SRFC. The same five components examined in the planning process are performed in reverse order during the implementation and evaluation phases. The planning phase begins by identifying the impact that the SRFC hopes to make, followed by defining the measurable outcomes the SRFC expects to achieve. Outputs are projected to examine the reach of the SRFC. Specific activities to produce the desired output and outcomes are defined. Lastly, the inputs needed to complete the activities are identified. Implementation of the SRFC addresses the same components in a forward direction. Evaluation is performed iteratively, allowing for adjustments to ensure that the SRFC is achieving its targeted outcomes. The logic model described in this paper can be used across healthcare disciplines and settings to plan, implement, and evaluate an SRFC and to demonstrate its significance to all stakeholders.
Using Time Limits to Improve Patient Visits & Clinic Flow at a Student-Run Free Clinic
Authors: Stephens Dylan , Ramedani Shayann , Tupinio Maegan , Lambert Kristin , Artrip Rick 
Published: May 2023

Background: Student-run free clinics often have difficulties with long visits, which are associated with patient dissatisfaction. LionCare, a free clinic run by Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine medical and physician assistant students, experiences similar difficulties. This study sought to gather baseline data on the duration of each step of a patient visit and to evaluate whether implementing a time limit on the longest step would improve clinic flow and affect patient satisfaction.
Methods: Data was collected from LionCareâ€™s General and Neurology clinics. Each step of a patientâ€™s visit was recorded, including Time of Arrival and Departure as well as duration of Waiting Room; Vitals; History and Physical (H&P); Presentation to Physician; Seeing Patient with Physician; Medications, Vaccines, Tests, Other. In order to gauge patient satisfaction, short surveys based on select Press Ganey questions were administered at the end of each visit before and during the intervention.
Results: Five months of baseline data from 44 visits indicated that H&Ps took the longest of all the steps of a patient visit at 30 minutes. Over 19 visits, a time limit of 25 minutes reduced H&P duration by 10 minutes (p<0.001); duration of Presentation to Physician by 6 minutes (p=0.002); Medications, Vaccines, Tests, Other by 4.5 minutes (p=0.03); and Total Patient Visit by 20 minutes (p=0.002). Patient Satisfaction remained stable before (n=10) and after (n=13).
Conclusions: A 25-minute time limit reduced the duration of H&Ps, subsequent steps in the visit, and the overall visit more than expected, thus improving clinic flow. Importantly, patient satisfaction scores remained steady. Thus, at LionCare, placing a time limit on H&Ps was an effective way to improve clinic flow without sacrificing quality.
Ability of an Appointment Complexity Categorization System Applied by Non-Medical Personnel to Discriminate Between Patient Categories
Authors: Brain Charity , Allison Lauren , Fernandez Candace , Kreisler Rachael 
Published: May 2023

Background: The Midwestern University College of Veterinary Medicine hosts student-run free clinics through the campus-wide interprofessional program, Health Outreach through Medicine and Education. Veterinary students, attending veterinarians, and non-medical volunteers conduct clinics on a first-come-first-served basis. Patients are declined once estimated capacity is reached. Historically, capacity was based on the number of patients, but clinic end-time was found to be highly variable. An appointment complexity categorization system based on presenting complaint (used as a proxy for appointment duration) was implemented in an attempt to maximize patients seen while allowing for an on-time clinic conclusion.
Methods: A rubric was constructed based on prior clinical experience and provided to non-medical personnel assisting with check-in to determine a point value (1-3) for each patient, with lower point value appointments being simpler, and higher point appointments being more complex. Clinic capacity was set at 24 points. Appointment duration for each point category was analyzed via Kruskal-Wallis equality of populations rank test and Dunn's test of multiple comparisons.
Results: Median duration was the same for 1- and 2-point appointments (24 minutes), but longer for 3-point appointments (62 minutes). Duration of 3-point appointments was significantly different than 1-point (p=0.0071) and 2-point (p=0.0201) appointments, while duration between 1- and 2-point appointments was not different.
Conclusions: Non-medical personnel using a rubric were able to discriminate between simple (1-point) and complex (3-point) appointments but were unable to discriminate between simple and complicated (2-point) appointments. However, this utility of this in clinical practice was minimal.
Emergency Department Use and Barriers to Health Care Among Homeless and Uninsured Patients at a Student-Run Free Clinic
Authors: Bhathena Shayan , Moczygemba Leticia , Lawson Kenneth 
Published: May 2023

Background: Free clinics often provide healthcare to homeless individuals who face barriers to accessing primary care and other healthcare services. This study aimed to assess: (1) barriers to healthcare experienced by uninsured and homeless patients at a student-run free clinic; (2) patient perceptions of helpfulness of social service resources; and (3) relationships between barriers and emergency department (ED) use and health status.
Methods: In 2017, patient interviews were conducted at a student-run free clinic in central Texas. A structured questionnaire was used to collect demographics, perceived health status, ED usage, and ratings of barriers to healthcare and helpfulness of social service resources. Data analysis included descriptive and bivariate analyses, used to examine the relationship between barriers to healthcare services and ED use, and between barriers to healthcare services and health status.
Results: In total, 48 patients participated. The highest-rated barrier to receiving medical care was cost of healthcare, followed by lack of transportation and lack of insurance. Of the top 5 most utilized resources, Medicaid was rated as most helpful, followed by a medical assistance program and caseworkers. Reported ED use was significantly associated with higher ratings of lack of transportation as a barrier (p=0.03), use of a local mental health services program (p=0.01), and having insurance coverage through a local medical assistance program, Medicaid, or Medicare (p=0.01). No significant relationship was found between any healthcare barrier and health status.
Conclusions: This study found that the highest barrier to medical care was cost of healthcare and that lack of transportation was significantly related to ED usage. In the future, this clinic might consider introducing a resource that addresses the barrier of transportation for its patients.
Evaluation of a Diabetes Prevention Program Implementation in a Student-Run Free Clinic Setting
Authors: Huszagh Meredith , Hatcher Jeremy , Grimaldi Carolina Gomez , Kloosterman Nicole , Carranza-Leon Daniel , Li Xuanyi , Sulieman Lina , Chakkalakal Rosette , Niswender Kevin 
Published: May 2023

Introduction: The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) can prevent or delay the development of type 2 diabetes in at-risk individuals. Although low-resource and minority communities have higher rates of type 2 diabetes, these communities often have limited DPP participation due to cost and program accessibility. We evaluated whether a high-fidelity, reduced-cost 16-week DPP could feasibly be implemented by student volunteers and be effective in facilitating the target 5% weight loss goal among participants.
Methods: Uninsured, Spanish-speaking participants and their invited guests were recruited from Vanderbilt University Medical Center’s student-run clinic. Weekly DPP sessions were conducted using the CDC’s Prevent T2 curriculum in Spanish, delivered in-person for 6 weeks and virtually for the remaining 10 weeks due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic. Participant attendance and weight data were collected. Pre- and post-program health-related quality of life was assessed using the EuroQoL 5D5L tool, and qualitative program feedback surveys were administered. Changes in weight and quality of life as a function of program session attendance and patient demographics were determined primarily using Wilcoxon tests.
Results: Of the 17 participants actively engaged in the student-led DPP, 13 were clinic patients and 4 were invited guests. The median weight loss achieved by participants was 5.90% of their total body weight. 13 of the 17 participants (76.50%) achieved the 5% weight loss goal. Age, sex, pre-program body mass index, and English proficiency were not associated with the achievement of the 5% weight loss goal. Though not statistically significant, patients’ average self-scored general health rating (0-100) improved from 72.30 to 81.50 (p=0.12), and the greatest reductions in health limitations were reported with regards to pain (1.94 to 1.70, p=0.28) and daily activities (1.53 to 1.35, p=0.36).
Conclusion: A student-run DPP implementation among low-resource participants is feasible and appears capable of achieving the target 5% weight loss.
A Retrospective Study on the Influence of Participation at a Student-Run Free Clinic on Medical Specialty Choice
Authors: Tang Cynthia , Win George , Unangst Samantha , Haynes Tricia , Pendergraft Brittany , Weisenberger Kaystin , Ohler Adrienne , Long Natalie , Young-Walker Laine 
Published: May 2023

Background: The MedZou Community Health Clinic at the University of Missouri School of Medicine is a student-run free clinic (SRFC) providing primary care and specialty services to uninsured patients of Missouri. Little is published about the relationship of volunteerism in SRFCs and residency match results. This study evaluated the association of SRFC volunteering on residency placement. We hy-pothesized that there would be an increased likelihood of medical students matching into specialties correlating with specialty clinics they volunteered with as students.
Methods: We analyzed data on volunteers who graduated from the University of Missouri School of Medicine between 2010-2019 in this retrospective study. Selection criteria included students who per-mitted publishing their residency match results publicly and actively volunteered for MedZou (at least five volunteer shifts). Odds ratios (OR) were calculated with Fisher exact tests using a confidence in-terval (CI) of 95% to assess whether volunteering in a specialty clinic was associated with matching in that specialty. Clinics with at least five volunteers during the study period were analyzed (Dermatol-ogy, Musculoskeletal [MSK], and Neurology).
Results: Twenty-nine percent of the MedZou volunteers that fit the inclusion criteria volunteered for the Dermatology, MSK, or Neurology Clinic. We found significant associations between those who volunteered in a specialty clinic and those who matched in a related specialty for Dermatology (OR = 4.25, 95% CI = 1.37, 12.13), Musculoskeletal (OR = 3.49, 95% CI = 1.45, 7.98), and Neurology Clinics (OR = 10.89, CI = 1.71, 50.39). Additionally, 51% of MedZou volunteers that fit inclusion criteria volunteered for Primary Care Clinic. These students were also found to have a significant association with matching into a related primary care specialty (OR= 2.01, CI= 1.14, 3.62).
Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that clinical exposure at a SRFC specialty clinic was associated with residency match into related specialties.
Exploring the Influence of an Interprofessional Student-Run Clinic on Matriculation to Health Professional School: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Vanstrum Erik , Mohan Sukriti , Yue Janis , Veloria Daniella , Quon Justin , Lee Renee , Knox Kevin , Fung Cha Chi 
Published: May 2023

Background: Projected demographic trends in the United States suggest increasing racial and ethnic diversity. It is important that the healthcare workforce reflects these trends to reduce healthcare disparities among underserved populations. For example, concordant backgrounds between patients and providers improve communication and increase probability that patients seek and receive healthcare among marginalized populations. Building in curricular opportunities to connect with the underserved community is one way to recruit students from diverse backgrounds into this pipeline that will lead to a diverse workforce in healthcare. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of an interdisciplinary student-run clinic (SRC), which focuses on caring for underserved and vulnerable populations, on students’ decisions to matriculate in four health professional programs (medical, occupational therapy, pharmacy, and physician assistant) at a single institution.
Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional survey study, we examined factors influencing first-year students’ decisions to attend a private university in a large metropolitan area. The primary outcome was students’ self-reported ratings of the university’s SRC as a factor in their matriculation decisions. Two-tailed Mann-Whitney-U tests was applied to compare the relative importance of SRC on matriculation. Free response data were evaluated by a qualitative content approach.
Results: A total of 419 students completed the survey (73% completion rate) across the 4 programs. We found that underrepresented minorities in medicine (URM) (p < 0.05) and first-generation (p < 0.01) students rated the importance of an SRC on their matriculation decision significantly higher than non-URM and non-first-generation students.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the presence of an SRC may positively impact matriculation decisions and diversification of the student body across certain health professional disciplines.
Why Do Physicians Volunteer at Student-Run Free Clinics? A Look into What Drives or Hinders Their Participation
Authors: Greni Susan , Radil Stephanie , McIntire Benjamin , Menning Melanie 
Published: May 2023

Background: Student-run free clinics (SRFCs) provide students space to join and lead the care of patients who may not have access to care elsewhere. This is done under supervision of a physician preceptor who ensures safety and quality care while fostering a learning environment for students. The SRFC cannot function without physician preceptors. Concerns about retention and participation at the Student Health Alliance Reaching Indigent Needy Groups (SHARING) Clinic, a SRFC at University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), fueled the investigation into motivations and barriers of physician volunteerism. This study aims to find why physicians volunteer and to propose meaningful strategies to increase retention rates at our institution and other SRFCs.
Methods: An anonymous electronic survey was emailed to 348 physicians from various departments at UNMC. The survey assessed frequency of volunteerism, motivations and barriers, preceptor experiences, demographic information, and free form questions with respect to volunteering at the university associated SRFC.
Results: Of the 348 survey recipients, 49 (13.5%) physicians responded. The most common barriers to physician volunteerism are work (n=23, 59%) and family obligations (n=23, 59%). The most common motivations are the ability to mentor students (n=14, 36%) and help patients in need (n=12, 31%). Of the respondents, 25 (61%) had never previously volunteered at SHARING. Of those who had volunteered, 7 (44%) reported volunteering at SHARING Clinic on average once or less per year over multiple years. Additionally, 13 (81%) volunteers report that they agree or strongly agree that they were satisfied with the experience and that it helped them improve their mentoring relationships with students.
Conclusions: Collectively, the results indicate that the physicians sampled feel it is valuable to volunteer at the SRFC but are often impeded by other obligations. SRFCs may implement our proposed strategies to enhance motivations and mitigate barriers to physician volunteering.
Addressing Social Determinants of Health in a Free Clinic Setting: A Student-Run Free Clinic and Community Resource Navigator Program
Authors: Fleischman Alyssa , Vanden Heuvel Claire , Tesfamichael Dahlia , McGinn Valley Taryn , Jones Kristina 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: Social determinants of health (SDOH) disproportionately affect medically underserved populations such as those cared for in student-run free clinics (SRFCs). Community resource programs which address SDOH play an important role in reducing health disparities. The Southside MEDiC Clinic (SMC), a SRFC at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, partnered with the Community Resource Navigator Program (CRNP), a community resource program focused on addressing SDOH, to remove barriers that prevent positive health outcomes for SMC patients.
Aim: Our objective is to describe the partnership between the SMC and the CRNP. We hope this design may be used as a model for addressing SDOH in other SRFCs.
Discussion: Partnership goals include improved patient perception of health, increased communication between patients and the clinic, and enhanced opportunities for volunteer action-learning. Challenges discussed include adaptation to unique clinics. Future directions and potential advancements in this partnership are also addressed.
Motivators for Volunteerism in Doctor of Physical Therapy Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Karczewski Hannah , Yorke Amy 
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Physical therapy programs are increasingly utilizing pro bono clinics as an element of education. Obtaining an understanding of what motivates students of physical therapy (SPT) to volunteer is important as pro bono clinics serve the under-insured in the community. The Volunteer Functions Inventory (VFI) explores the motives behind volunteerism and has not yet been used to analyze the SPT population. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate motivational factors involved in SPT participation in their pro-bono clinics.
Methods: All 261 accredited physical therapy programs in the United States were contacted and asked to distribute the survey to their students. Upon agreement, the anonymous survey link was sent to the representative to be dispersed to the students via email. Qualtrics Survey Software® was used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test, and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. SPSS v26 was used. The alpha level was set to p <0.05.
Results: The survey had 274 SPT participants in this study. The participants were split into participation (n=189) and non- participation (n=85) groups. Pro bono clinics made changes in response to the coronavirus-disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic by temporarily pausing treatment (56.2%), changing from in person to telehealth on a video platform (44.9%) or telehealth on a phone call (9.5%).
Conclusions: Similar to previous studies on volunteer motivators in medical students, those who volunteered were significantly more motivated by their values including altruistic and humanitarian concerns compared to those who did not volunteer (p<0.05). This small cross-sectional study found that SPT were more motivated to volunteer based on their altruistic concern. Over half of the SPT respondents reported changing pro bono services or pausing services due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Creating a Women’s Health Coalition at a Student Run Free Clinic: A Model for Increasing Access to and Quality of Care
Authors: Brown Lucy , Gensel Annie , Steele Emily , Aksu Eric , McCarty Samantha , Baugh Kyle , Owens Jourdan , Barber McKenzie , Chimhanda Maryann 
Published: May 2023

Introduction: At the beginning of 2021, the Indiana University Student Outreach Clinic (IU SOC) conducted an internal audit of cervical cytology and sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening, which showed low rates of preventive screenings and inconsistent follow-up, thereby demonstrating a need to increase reproductive healthcare access to underserved women in Indianapolis.
Methods: To increase access, multiple teams were created within the Women’s Health Coalition (WHC), ensuring robust education, follow-up, and other necessary coordination for patient care. Additionally, the WHC expanded to host a twice-monthly referral-based women’s health clinic that provided care for patients with various chief concerns and preventive care needs. Protocols for wet-mount microscopy and sexual assault were created based on national guidelines, and annual training were provided to all members of the WHC. Community partnerships were formed to expand resources, including ultrasounds, mammograms, and contraception services.
Results: The IU SOC increased the prenatal and gynecological services offered over nine months through this initiative. Notably, a higher number of services were offered to patients who qualified for screenings in 2021 than in the prior four years combined, including cervical cytology (24.1% [Confidence Interval (CI) 18.6%, 29.7% vs. 4.2%] [CI 2.9%, 5.5%]), mammogram referrals (23.1% [CI 15.8%, 30.3%] vs. 2.3% [CI 1.0%, 3.6%]), and STI/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/Hepatitis testing (54.6% [CI 50.2%, 59.0%] vs 8.1% [CI 6.8%, 9.3%]).
Conclusion: Given the success of the WHC, our approach may serve as a student-run model for other patient populations.
Livros didáticos e o Ensino de História: Percursos
Authors: Bittencourt Circe Maria Fernandes , Giassi Reginaldo 
Published: May 2023

A presente entrevista salienta a preocupação da professora Circe Maria Fernandes Bittencourt em preservar, armazenar e disponibilizar um acervo digital sobre Livros Escolares Brasileiros. Esse acervo deu origem ao site LIVRES onde é possível encontrar exemplares de livros e manuais didáticos produzidos entre 1810 até os dias atuais. Outros temas abordados foram: A atuação das mulheres na historiografia brasileira e a interação entre livros didáticos e as novas tecnologias, em especial, na educação de comunidades indígenas e quilombolas.