bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metasurfaces‐Driven Hyperspectral Imaging via Multiplexed Plasmonic Resonance Energy Transfer
Authors: Kim Inki , Kim Hongyoon , Han Seungyeon , Kim Joohoon , Kim Yangkyu , Eom Seonghyeon , Barulin Aleksandr , Choi Inhee , Rho Junsuk , Lee Luke P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObtaining single–molecular–level fingerprints of biomolecules and electron–transfer dynamic imaging in living cells are critically demanded in postgenomic life sciences and medicine. However, the possible solution called plasmonic resonance energy transfer (PRET) spectroscopy remains challenging due to the fixed scattering spectrum of a plasmonic nanoparticle and limited multiplexing. Here, multiplexed metasurfaces‐driven PRET hyperspectral imaging, to probe biological light–matter interactions, is reported. Pixelated metasurfaces with engineered scattering spectra are first designed over the entire visible range by the precision nanoengineering of gap plasmon and grating effects of metasurface clusters. Pixelated metasurfaces are created and their full dark‐field coloration is optically characterized with visible color palettes and high‐resolution color printings of the art pieces. Furthermore, three different biomolecules (i.e., chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and cytochrome c) are applied on metasurfaces for color palettes to obtain selective molecular fingerprint imaging due to the unique biological light–matter interactions with application‐specific biomedical metasurfaces. This metasurface‐driven PRET hyperspectral imaging will open up a new path for multiplexed real‐time molecular sensing and imaging methods.
Multifunctional Reflective Metasurface to Independently and Simultaneously Control Amplitude and Phase with Frequency Tunability
Authors: Phon Ratanak , Lee Minjae , Lor Chhunheng , Lim Sungjoon 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe capability to dynamically modulate electromagnetic wavefronts can revolutionize and be crucial for future wireless technology. Electromagnetic waves can be fundamentally described in terms of amplitude, phase, polarization, and angular frequency. However, reported reconfigurable metasurfaces can only control one or two fundamental parameters and require different tuning/switching elements or materials that remain challenging to control those continuously. In this work, an approach is presented for designing electrically tunable reflective metasurfaces that enable independent and simultaneous control of amplitude and phase, while also providing frequency tuning capability. This is achieved by arranging two varactor diodes on the top layer and a lumped resistor on the bottom layer. The proposed metasurface is fabricated and several electromagnetic functionalities experimentally demonstrated as proof‐of‐concept applications, including reflector, radar absorbing, dual and single‐beam steering, and amplitude control. The proposed metasurface will open avenues for realizing advanced multifunctional devices to fully control electromagnetic parameters, offering numerous applications in future communication technologies, radar systems, and information processing.
All‐Optical Nonlinear Neuron Based on Metallic Quantum Wells
Authors: Niu Junru , Shao Hua , Feng Yiming , Gao Bingtao , Zhang Yiyun , Li Ying , Chen Hongsheng , Qian Haoliang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOptical nonlinear neuron, as an essential implementation method for optical interconnection, could greatly promote the development of optical neuron networks, which appears to be a promising alternative to electronic neural networks that are limited by computing speed and the end of Moore's law. However, restricted by weak nonlinearities, the modulation performance of optical nonlinear neuron networks is much lower compared to their electronic counterparts. Therefore, an effectual all‐optical nonlinear neuron is proposed by combining a double‐ring resonator with field‐enhancement and metallic quantum wells (MQWs) with a large Kerr nonlinear response. Based on the large and ultrafast Kerr nonlinearity provided by MQWs, the device can achieve a modulation extinction ratio of 18.78 dB and a transition rate of 13 GW cm−2 per 3 dB. The work may provide a new route for integrated, ultrafast, and high‐efficient optical nonlinear neurons for on‐chip neuron networks.
Influence of the Reference Electrode on the Performance of Single‐Electrode Triboelectric Nanogenerators and the Optimization Strategies
Authors: Chen Zetong , Dai Keren , Chen Jiaxiang , Zhuo Jingting , Zhao Danna , Ma Rui , Zhang Xujing , Li Xubiao , Wang Xiaofeng , Yang Guowei , Yi Fang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOwing to their unique advantages, single‐electrode triboelectric nanogenerators (SETENGs) have gained wide attention and have been applied in myriad areas, especially in the burgeoning flexible/wearable electronics. However, there is still a lack of a clear understanding of SETENGs. For example, previous simulation models generally put the reference electrode perpendicularly below the working part, but in practice, the reference electrode is designed in various scenarios and noticeable differences in outputs often occur when the reference electrode changes. With SETENGs developing towards wearability and portability, its reference electrode is often required to be constructed inside the device. Consequently, to achieve optimum performance, it is essential to understand the reference electrode's influence on the outputs. Here, the influence of the reference electrode on the performance of SETENGs is systematically investigated and the targeted optimization strategies are thoroughly revealed. First, theoretical simulations are conducted to investigate the reference electrode's effect on the performance of SETENGs with different structures and in various working modes. Secondly, the theoretical results are certified through corresponding experiments. Based on the results, the targeted optimization strategies for SETENGs are comprehensively demonstrated. This work provides fundamental guidance for the development of TENGs and the design and fabrication of new electronic devices.
Multi‐Fold Fan‐Shape Surface State Induced by an Isolated Weyl Phonon Beyond No‐Go Theorem
Authors: Fu Hua‐Hua , Liu Qing‐Bo , Wang Zhe‐Qi , Yang Xiang‐Feng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAbsence of any surface arc state has been regarded as the fundamental property of singular Weyl points, because they are circumvented from the Nielsen‐Ninomiya no‐go theorem. In this work, through systematic investigations on topological properties of isolated Weyl phonons (IWPs) surrounded by closed Weyl nodal walls (WNWs), which are located at the Brillouin zone (BZ) boundaries of bosonic systems, it uncovers that a new kind of phononic surface state, that is, the multi‐fold fan‐shape surface state named by us, is exhibited to connect the projections of IWP and WNWs. Importantly, the number of fan leaves in this surface state is associated with the Chern number of IWP. Moreover, the topological features of charge‐two IWP in K2Mg2O3(SG No. 96) and charge‐four IWP in Nb3Al2N (SG No. 213) confirm further the above fundamental properties of this kind of surface state. The theoretical work not only provides an effective way to seek for IWPs as well as to determine their Chern number in real materials, but also uncovers a new class of surface states in the topological Weyl complex composed of IWPs and WNWs.
Large‐Area Field Potential Imaging Having Single Neuron Resolution Using 236 880 Electrodes CMOS‐MEA Technology
Authors: Suzuki Ikuro , Matsuda Naoki , Han Xiaobo , Noji Shuhei , Shibata Mikako , Nagafuku Nami , Ishibashi Yuto 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe electrophysiological technology having a high spatiotemporal resolution at the single‐cell level and noninvasive measurements of large areas provide insights on underlying neuronal function. Here, a complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS)‐microelectrode array (MEA) is used that uses 236 880 electrodes each with an electrode size of 11.22 × 11.22 µm and 236 880 covering a wide area of 5.5 × 5.9 mm in presenting a detailed and single‐cell‐level neural activity analysis platform for brain slices, human iPS cell‐derived cortical networks, peripheral neurons, and human brain organoids. Propagation pattern characteristics between brain regions changes the synaptic propagation into compounds based on single‐cell time‐series patterns, classification based on single DRG neuron firing patterns and compound responses, axonal conduction characteristics and changes to anticancer drugs, and network activities and transition to compounds in brain organoids are extracted. This detailed analysis of neural activity at the single‐cell level using the CMOS‐MEA provides a new understanding of the basic mechanisms of brain circuits in vitro and ex vivo, on human neurological diseases for drug discovery, and compound toxicity assessment.
High‐Throughput Electromechanical Coupling Chip Systems for Real‐Time 3D Invasion/Migration Assay of Cells
Authors: Jiang Nan , Xu Liang , Han Yiming , Wang Shuyi , Duan Xiaocen , Dai Jingyao , Hu Yunxing , Liu Xiaozhi , Liu Zhiqiang , Huang Jianyong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCell invasion/migration through three‐dimensional (3D) tissues is not only essential for physiological/pathological processes, but a hallmark of cancer malignancy. However, how to quantify spatiotemporal dynamics of 3D cell migration/invasion is challenging. Here, this work reports a 3D cell invasion/migration assay (3D‐CIMA) based on electromechanical coupling chip systems, which can monitor spatiotemporal dynamics of 3D cell invasion/migration in a real‐time, label‐free, nondestructive, and high‐throughput way. In combination with 3D topological networks and complex impedance detection technology, this work shows that 3D‐CIMA can quantitively characterize collective invasion/migration dynamics of cancer cells in 3D extracellular matrix (ECM) with controllable biophysical/biomechanical properties. More importantly, this work further reveals that it has the capability to not only carry out quantitative evaluation of anti‐tumor drugs in 3D microenvironments that minimize the impact of cell culture dimensions, but also grade clinical cancer specimens. The proposed 3D‐CIMA offers a new quantitative methodology for investigating cell interactions with 3D extracellular microenvironments, which has potential applications in various fields like mechanobiology, drug screening, and even precision medicine.
Fast Delivery of Multifunctional NIR‐II Theranostic Nanoaggregates Enabled by the Photoinduced Thermoacoustic Process
Authors: Xie Huilin , Zhang Chen , Li Tingting , Hu Lianrui , Zhang Jianquan , Guo Heng , Liu Zhao , Peng Dinglu , Li Zeshun , Wu Weijun , Gao Ji , Bi Zhenyu , Wang Jinghan , Zhang Pengfei , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Guo Zhihong , Xi Lei , Li Kai , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMultifunctional nanoaggregates are widely used in cancer phototheranostics. However, it is challenging to construct their multifunctionality with a single component, and deliver them rapidly and efficiently without complex modifications. Herein, a NIR‐absorbing small molecule named TBT‐2(TP‐DPA) is designed and certify its theranostic potentials. Then, their nanoaggregates, which are simply encapsulated by DSPE‐PEG, demonstrate a photothermal efficiency of 51% while keeping a high photoluminescence quantum yield in the NIR region. Moreover, the nanoaggregates can be excited and delivered by an 808 nm pulse laser to solid tumors within only 40 min. The delivery efficiency and theranostic efficacy are better than that of the traditional enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect (generally longer than 24 hours). This platform is first termed as the photoinduced thermoacoustic (PTA) process, and confirm its application requires both NIR‐responsive materials and pulse laser irradiation. This study not only inspires the design of multifunctional nanoaggregates, but also offers a feasible approach to their fast delivery. The platform reported here provides a promising prospect to boost the development of multifunctional theranostic drugs and maximize the efficacy of used medicines for their clinical applications.
Biomaterials Facilitating Dendritic Cell‐Mediated Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Dong Heng , Li Qiang , Zhang Yu , Ding Meng , Teng Zhaogang , Mou Yongbin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDendritic cell (DC)‐based cancer immunotherapy has exhibited remarkable clinical prospects because DCs play a central role in initiating and regulating adaptive immune responses. However, the application of traditional DC‐mediated immunotherapy is limited due to insufficient antigen delivery, inadequate antigen presentation, and high levels of immunosuppression. To address these challenges, engineered biomaterials have been exploited to enhance DC‐mediated immunotherapeutic effects. In this review, vital principal components that can enhance DC‐mediated immunotherapeutic effects are first introduced. The parameters considered in the rational design of biomaterials, including targeting modifications, size, shape, surface, and mechanical properties, which can affect biomaterial optimization of DC functions, are further summarized. Moreover, recent applications of various engineered biomaterials in the field of DC‐mediated immunotherapy are reviewed, including those serve as immune component delivery platforms, remodel the tumor microenvironment, and synergistically enhance the effects of other antitumor therapies. Overall, the present review comprehensively and systematically summarizes biomaterials related to the promotion of DC functions; and specifically focuses on the recent advances in biomaterial designs for DC activation to eradicate tumors. The challenges and opportunities of treatment strategies designed to amplify DCs via the application of biomaterials are discussed with the aim of inspiring the clinical translation of future DC‐mediated cancer immunotherapies.
Biosignal Amplifiers Based on Low‐Noise Organic Transistors with Printed Electrodes
Authors: Kimura Tomoharu , Uemura Takafumi , Shibafuji Yayoi , Suyama Takeshi , Ueno Hiroyuki , Sekitani Tsuyoshi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe monitoring of microvolt‐level biosignals such as electroencephalograms requires the application of low‐noise signal amplifier circuits, which, for single‐use cases, must be fabricated for disposability using low‐cost manufacturing techniques. One promising solution for the production of low‐cost amplifier circuits for digital biosensing is the emerging technology of low‐noise printed circuits. Here, a low‐noise‐electrode printing process for organic transistors that can carry out precision measurement of brain activity using a low‐noise organic amplifier is proposed. In the transistor fabrication process, Ag electrodes are processed via flat stamp parallel printing, and fine‐process optimization to minimize the charge‐trapping effect enables a three‐order reduction in transistor noise. The low‐noise transistors are used to produce an organic pseudo‐complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor amplifier with a small noise level of 2.2 µVp‐p at 10 Hz, which enables precision brain wave monitoring in a close correlation with signals obtained using a commercialized measurement system.
Direct Conversion of Waste Battery Cathodes to High‐Volumetric‐Capacity Anodes with Assembled Secondary‐Particle Morphology
Authors: Liao Hengyi , Zhao Siwei , Cai Mingzhi , Dong Yanhao , Huang Fuqiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe growing consumption of lithium‐ion batteries calls for recycling of electrode materials. Conventional direct recycling mainly consists of cathode‐to‐cathode and anode‐to‐anode strategies. In this work, a cathode‐to‐anode approach is proposed using a LiCoO2 model system and extending to Co‐lean/Co‐free cathodes (LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2, LiMn2O4, and LiFePO4). Commercial cathodes are featured with single‐crystalline or secondary‐particle polycrystalline morphology, thus exhibiting higher tap density than anodes (LiCoO2 2.7 g cm−3 vs Si 0.25 g cm−3). By means of an intuitively direct conversion, the anodes are bestowed with well‐assembled morphology and high tap density from cathodes. During discharging, a dual conductive network is formed to facilitate lithium storage, where the binder‐derived carbon functions as electronic‐conductive and LiF/Li2O as ionic‐conductive motifs. Recycled cathodes exhibit an outstanding rate volumetric capacity (883 mAh cm−3, 5 A g−1, LiCoO2) and cyclic performance (1286 mAh cm−3, 1000 cycles, 2 A g−1, LiMn2O4). The morphologically inherited cathode‐to‐anode strategy proves to be a universal method for battery recycling toward high volumetric energy density.
Phase I study of neoadjuvant S‐1 plus cisplatin with concurrent radiation for biliary tract cancer (Tokyo Study Group for Biliary Cancer: TOSBIC02)
Authors: Abe Yuta , Itano Osamu , Takemura Yusuke , Minagawa Takuya , Ojima Hidenori , Shinoda Masahiro , Kitago Minoru , Obara Hideaki , Shigematsu Naoyuki , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimNeoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy may improve survival in patients with advanced cholangiocarcinoma. This Phase I study aimed to determine the recommended dose of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and decide whether to move to a Phase II study.MethodsPatients diagnosed with resectable stage II–IVa cholangiocarcinoma were administered cisplatin (40 [level 0], 50 [level 1 as starting dose], or 60 [level 2] mg/m2), 80 mg/m2 of S‐1, and 50.4 Gy of external beam radiation. The recommended dose was defined as a dose one‐step lower than the maximum‐tolerated dose, which was defined when dose‐limiting toxicity was observed in three or more of the six patients.ResultsTwelve patients were eligible from November 2012 to May 2016. Ten patients had perihilar cholangiocarcinoma and two patients had distal cholangiocarcinoma. Dose‐limiting toxicity was observed in one of the first six patients at level 1 and two of the next six patients at level 2; thus, the maximum‐tolerated dose was not determined even at level 2 and the recommended dose was determined as level 2. Four patients had partial response, four patients had stable disease, and two patients had progression of disease because of liver metastases. Finally, nine patients underwent radical surgery and seven cases achieved R0 resection. However, five cases suffered biliary leakage and one suffered intrahospital death due to rupture of the hepatic artery.ConclusionWe determined the recommended dose of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for resectable cholangiocarcinoma. However, we terminated the trial due to a high incidence of morbidity and unexpected mortality.
U2AF2 variant in a patient with developmental delay, dysmorphic features, and epilepsy
Authors: Kittock Claire M. , Saifeddine Mohamad , Straight Lisa , Ward D. Isum 
Published: April 2023

AbstractVariants in the RNA binding protein (RBP) U2AF2 are hypothesized to cause a novel neurodevelopmental disorder. Here, we report a patient with a de novo missense variant in U2AF2, the second case report of the same variant, and third case report overall. The patient in this report has a history of global developmental delay, dysmorphic features, and epilepsy. This presentation is consistent with the previous case report with the same U2AF2 variant and with a recent case report of another U2AF2 variant, strengthening the evidence that variants in U2AF2 are the cause of a novel neurodevelopmental disorder.
Magnon Blockade and Magnon–Atom Entanglement Induced by a Qutrit Coupled to a Ferromagnetic YIG Sphere
Authors: Setodeh Kheirabady M. , Ghasemian E. , Tavassoly M. K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHybridized magnonic–photonic systems promise novel applications for future information processing technologies. Here, a hybrid magnonic system comprising of a qutrit (Λ‐type three‐level atom) and a ferromagnetic YIG sphere is considered. Indeed, the whole system is driven by two light fields under the influence of the thermal environment. The indirect magnon–atom interaction is established via the virtual photon exchange. The associated Lindblad master equation is derived and its solution is found to investigate the nonclassical feature, especially in the steady‐state solution. Generally, the system shows considerable nonclassicality, that is, strong magnon antibunching and magnon blockade. In fact, the feasibility of using such a hybrid system to prepare a single‐magnon source based on magnon blockade effects we theoretically demonstrated. Besides, the considered system may be exploited to generate robust and stable magnon–atom entanglement. The appearance of magnon blockade and magnon–atom entanglement in the Λ‐type atom may have its origin in the fact that the atom is trapped in different superposition states, induced by the quantum interference phenomenon. The proposed model and the corresponding results may open up an intriguing prospect to prepare a single‐magnon source and provide further benefits through concatenating with photons in optomagnonic systems.
Regiodivergente C−H‐Acylierung von Aromaten durch Wechsel von ionischer zu radikalischer Chemie unter Verwendung von NHC‐Katalyse
Authors: Reimler Jannik , Yu Xiao‐Ye , Spreckelmeyer Nico , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Studer Armido 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDie Friedel–Crafts‐Acylierung, die zur Klasse der elektrophilen aromatischen Substitutionen gehört, ist eine äußerst wertvolle und vielseitige Reaktion in der Synthese. Die Regioselektivität ist gut vorhersagbar und wird sowohl durch elektronische als auch durch sterische Faktoren des verwendeten (Hetero)Aromaten bestimmt. In dieser Mitteilung wird ein radikalischer Ansatz für die Acylierung von Aromaten und Heteroaromaten vorgestellt. Die C−H‐Acylierung erfolgt durch milde kooperative Photoredox/NHC‐Radikal‐Katalyse mit der Kreuzkupplung eines Arenradikalkations mit einem NHC‐gebundenen Ketylradikal als Schlüsselschritt. Im Vergleich zur klassischen Friedel–Crafts‐Acylierung wird beim Wechsel vom ionischen zum radikalischen Modus ein regiodivergentes Ergebnis beobachtet. Bei diesen divergenten Reaktionen fungieren Aroylfluoride als Acylierungsreagenzien sowohl im ionischen als auch im radikalischen Prozess.
Regiodivergent C−H Acylation of Arenes by Switching from Ionic‐ to Radical‐Type Chemistry Using NHC Catalysis
Authors: Reimler Jannik , Yu Xiao‐Ye , Spreckelmeyer Nico , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Studer Armido 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Friedel–Crafts acylation reaction, which belongs to the class of electrophilic aromatic substitutions is a highly valuable and versatile reaction in synthesis. Regioselectivity is predictable and determined by electronic as well as steric factors of the (hetero)arene substrate. Herein, a radical approach for the acylation of arenes and heteroarenes is presented. C−H acylation is achieved through mild cooperative photoredox/NHC radical catalysis with the cross‐coupling of an arene radical cation with an NHC‐bound ketyl radical as a key step. As compared to the classical Friedel–Crafts acylation, a regiodivergent outcome is observed upon switching from the ionic to the radical mode. In these divergent reactions, aroyl fluorides act as the acylation reagents in both the ionic as well as the radical process.