bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The transmission pattern and clinical course of the first 417 patients with COVID-19 infection in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Zheng Yizi , Deng Zhenhan , Huang Feijuan , Zhang Yu , Cai Yuanzhe , Su Jingyue , Wu Zhengzhi , Yang Shiwei 
Published: May 2023

Objective To explore the transmission patterns and clinical course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019 as clustered and non-clustered cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emerged in Shenzhen, China. Methods This retrospective study included the patients that were confirmed by laboratory detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Shenzen between 19 January 2020 and 21 February 2020. Data on the epidemiological and clinical characteristics were analysed. The patients were divided into non-clustered and clustered groups. The time course, intervals between first and second COVID-19 cases and other transmission patterns were compared between the groups. Results The 417 patients were divided into clustered ( n = 235) and non-clustered groups ( n = 182). Compared with the non-clustered group, the clustered group had significantly more young (≤20 years) and old (>60 years) patients. The clustered group had significantly more severe cases (nine of 235; 3.83%) compared with the non-clustered group (three of 182; 1.65%). Patients with severe disease spent 4–5 more days of hospitalization than patients with moderate and mild disease. Conclusion This retrospective study analysed the transmission patterns and clinical course of the first wave of COVID-19 infection in Shenzhen, China.
Altered interictal serum histamine and immunoglobulin E but unchanged tryptase levels in individuals with episodic and chronic migraine
Authors: Park Chae Gyu , Na Hye Young , Park Da Eun , Kim Ha Yan , Chu Min Kyung 
Published: May 2023

Background Serum histamine, immunoglobulin E, and tryptase are markers of allergic diseases. Despite the reported association between migraine and allergic diseases, differences in these marker levels between episodic and chronic migraines remain unelucidated. Methods We investigated serum histamine, immunoglobulin E, and tryptase levels in 97 and 96 participants with episodic migraine and chronic migraine, respectively, and 56 controls according to the presence of allergic diseases. Results Serum histamine levels in episodic migraine (median and interquartile ranges, 0.78 [0.65–1.25] ng/mL, p < 0.001) and chronic migraine (0.89 [0.67–1.28] ng/mL, p < 0.001) participants were significantly lower than those in healthy controls (1.19 [0.81–2.08] ng/mL) among the 160 participants without allergic diseases. Serum immunoglobulin E levels in episodic migraine and chronic migraine participants with allergic diseases negatively correlated with headache frequency (correlation coefficient = −0.263, p = 0.017). Serum histamine levels in participants with allergic diseases and serum immunoglobulin E levels in participants without allergic diseases were not significantly different among episodic migraine, chronic migraine, and control groups. Serum tryptase levels did not significantly differ among episodic migraine, chronic migraine, and control participants with and without allergic diseases. Conclusions Altered serum histamine and immunoglobulin E levels in episodic migraine and chronic migraine and different profiles concerning allergic diseases suggest the involvement of allergic mechanisms in migraine pathogenesis.
Guidelines Update: Guidelines of the International Headache Society for controlled trials of preventive treatment of migraine in children and adolescents, 1st edition – An experience-based update
Authors: Abu-Arafeh Ishaq , Hershey Andrew D , Diener Hans-Christoph , Tassorelli Cristina 
Published: May 2023

Background Recent experience in designing and running clinical trials on new medications for the prevention of migraine in children and adolescents highlighted the need for revision of the 1st edition of the International Headache Society Guidelines for clinical trials of preventive treatment of migraine in children and adolescents which were published in 2019. Methods The authors of the 1st edition of the guidelines formed an informal focus group with aims of appraising the performance of the guidelines, clarifying any ambiguity and providing improvements, where needed, based on personal experience and expert analysis. Results This review and the following update were able to address issues related to the classification of migraine, the duration of migraine attacks, the age groups of children and adolescents, the use of electronic diaries, the assessment of outcome measures, the need for an interim analysis and the issues related to placebo response. Conclusions This update provides necessary clarifications of the guidelines in order to enable better design and running of future clinical trials for the preventive treatment of migraine in children and adolescents.
The 5-year risk of recurrence of grade 2/3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia after treatment in a population screening programme by human papillomavirus status: A cohort study in central Italy
Authors: Visioli Carmen Beatriz , Iossa Anna , Gorini Giuseppe , Mantellini Paola , Lelli Lisa , Auzzi Noemi , Pierro Carmelina Di , Carozzi Francesca Maria , Zappa Marco 
Published: May 2023

Objectives (a) To estimate the risk of recurrent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, grade 2/3 or worse (CIN2+/CIN3+), lesions within 5 years of follow-up in human papillomavirus-negative/human papillomavirus-positive cohorts; (b) to assess whether certain risk factors can predict the recurrence of CIN2+/CIN3+ lesions; and (c) to provide recommendations for follow-up after treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, grade 2/3 to prevent cervical cancer. Setting Organized cervical cancer screening programme in Central Italy. Methods We included 1063 consecutive first excisional treatments performed between 2006 and 2014 for screening-detected cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, grade 2/3 lesions among women aged 25–65. The study population was divided into two groups according to the human papillomavirus test results performed 6 months after treatment: Human papillomavirus-negative and human papillomavirus-positive cohorts. The 5-year risk of developing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, grade 2/3 or worse (CIN2+/CIN3+) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox regression model. Results Among 829 human papillomavirus-negative and 234 human papillomavirus-positive women, six (0.72%; three cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, grade 2, three cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, grade 3) and 45 (19.2%; 15 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, grade 2, 30 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, grade 3), respectively, developed CIN2+ recurrence within 5 years of follow-up. The cumulative risks for CIN2+ and CIN3+ were 0.9% (95% confidence interval: 0.4%–2.0%) and 0.5% (95% confidence interval: 0.1%–1.4%), respectively, for the human papillomavirus-negative cohort, and 24.8% (95% confidence interval: 18.5%–32.7%) and 16.9% (95% confidence interval: 11.4%–24.5%), respectively, for the human papillomavirus-positive cohort. Risk factors associated with increased risk of recurrence were both margins positive for the human papillomavirus-negative cohort, and positive margins, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, grade 3 lesions, high-grade cytology and high viral load for the human papillomavirus-positive cohort. Conclusions Human papillomavirus testing can identify women at increased risk of recurrence and this supports a recommendation for its use in the post-treatment follow-up of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, grade 2/3 lesions.
Mandibular Radiomorphometric Characteristics of Individuals with Bilateral or Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Ozturk Taner , Soylu Sertan , Coban Gokhan , Turker Gokhan 
Published: May 2023

Objective This study aimed to investigate and compare the mandibular radiomorphometric characteristics of patients with unilateral or bilateral cleft lip and palate (CLP) with those of individuals without CLP and to determine whether there was a difference. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Orthodontic Department in Faculty of Dentistry. Patients and Interventions Mandibular cortical bone thickness was measured on high-quality panoramic radiographs taken from 46 patients with unilateral or bilateral CLP aged 13–15 years and 21 control patients. Main Outcome Measures Three radiomorphometric indices [antegonial index (AI), mental index (MI), and panoramic mandibular index (PMI)] were measured bilaterally. AutoCAD software was used for MI, PMI, and AI measurements. Results Left MI values were significantly lower in individuals with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP; 0.029 ± 0.04) than in individuals with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP; 0.033 ± 0.07). In addition, right MI values of individuals with right UCLP (0.26 ± 0.06) were significantly lower than those of individuals with left UCLP (0.34 ± 0.06) or BCLP (0.32 ± 0.08). No difference was observed between individuals with BCLP and left UCLP. These values did not differ between groups. Conclusions Antegonial index and PMI values did not differ between individuals with different types of CLP or when compared with control patients. In patients with UCLP, cortical bone thickness was found to be reduced on the cleft side compared to the intact side. Patients with UCLP with a right-sided cleft had a more substantial decrease in cortical bone thickness.
Differences in Cervical Cancer Outcomes by Caribbean Nativity in Black and White Women in Florida
Authors: Jeudin Patricia P. , Sanchez-Covarrubias Alex P. , Thiele Amanda R. , Reis Isildinha M. , Kobetz Erin , George Sophia H. L. , Schlumbrecht Matthew P. 
Published: May 2023

Objective Racial disparities among women with cervical cancer have been reported but are understudied in Caribbean immigrants. The objective of this study is to describe the disparities in clinical presentation and outcomes between Caribbean-born (CB) and US-born (USB) women with cervical cancer by race and nativity. Methods An analysis of the Florida Cancer Data Service (FCDS), the statewide cancer registry, was performed to identify women diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer between 1981 and 2016. Women were classified as USB White or Black and CB White or Black. Clinical data were abstracted. Analyses were done using chi square, ANOVA, Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models, with significance set at P < .05. Results 14 932 women were included in the analysis. USB Black women had the lowest mean age at diagnosis, while CB Black women were diagnosed at later stages of disease. USB White women and CB White women had better OS (median OS 70.4 and 71.5 months, respectively) than USB Black and CB Black women (median OS 42.4 and 63.8 months, respectively) ( P < .0001). In multivariable analysis, relative to USB Black women, CB Blacks (HR .67, CI .54–.83), and CB White (HR .66, CI .55–.79) had better odds of OS. White race among USB women was not significantly associated with improved survival ( P = .087). Conclusion Race alone is not a determinant of cancer mortality in women with cervical cancer. Understanding the impact of nativity on cancer outcomes is crucial to improve health outcomes.
The Relationship Between Screen Time and Symptom Severity in Children with ADHD during COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Sriwaranun Thanchanok , Sittanomai Napat , Chantaratin Sasitorn , Boon-yasidhi Vitharon 
Published: May 2023

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between screen time and symptom severity in children with ADHD during the COVID-19 lockdown. Methods: Caregivers of children with ADHD aged 7 to 16 years completed the screen time questionnaire and ADHD rating scales of the SNAP-IV-Thai version during and after the COVID-19 lockdown. The correlation between screen time and ADHD scores was assessed. Results: Of the 90 children, aged 11.31 ± 2.29 years, enrolled, 74.4% were male, 64.4% were in primary school, and 73% had electronic screens in their bedrooms. After adjusting with other factors, recreational screen time, both on weekdays and on weekend days, were positively correlated with ADHD scores (both inattention and hyperactive/impulsive scores). Studying screen time, on the other hand, was not associated with ADHD symptom severity. Compared to during the lockdown, studying screen time decreased after the lockdown, but recreational screen time and ADHD scores were not changed. Conclusion: Increasing recreational screen time was associated with worsening ADHD symptoms.
Evaluation of a smartphone-based colorimetric method for urinalysis dipstick readings in cats
Authors: Leynaud Vincent , Gillet Candice , Lavoué Rachel , Concordet Didier , Reynolds Brice S 
Published: May 2023

Objectives The aim of the study was to compare the diagnostic performances of a smartphone-based colorimetric method (SBCM) for urinalysis with a semi-automated point-of-care (POC) analyser using standardised solutions and cat urine. Methods Artificial solutions (negative and positive quality controls, and purposely designed artificial urine) and natural urine from 216 cats were used. Two urine reagent strips were simultaneously dipped in each sample. One dipstick was read by the SBCM and the other by the POC analyser at the same time. Results for pH, proteins, bilirubin, ‘blood’, glucose and ketones were considered. Overall agreement and sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the SBCM were determined based on selected cut-offs. Results For the artificial solutions, 80 comparisons were obtained for each analyte and each expected concentration. The overall agreement (exactly the same result) between the two methods was 78.4%. SBCM sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 99.0%, 100% and 99.3%, respectively. The correlation between the two methods was almost perfect (Cohen’s kappa coefficient = 0.9851). For natural urine samples, the overall agreement (including pH) was 68.6%. Using optimal cut-offs for the SBCM determined from the results of analysis of artificial solutions, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the SBCM were 100%, 76.02% and 80.5%, respectively. In this situation, the correlation between the two methods was moderate (Cohen’s kappa coefficient = 0.5401). This was mostly due to a high rate of false-positive results for bilirubin (61.1%). Conclusions and relevance With proper cut-off use (ie, considering positive or negative results) the SBCM evaluated here has a perfect sensitivity and appropriate diagnostic performances for proteins, ‘blood’, glucose and ketones. Based on these experimental data, this method appears suitable for dipstick urinalysis but positive results for bilirubin and proteins have to be confirmed.
Evaluation of the effects of environmental factors and eating habits on exfoliation syndrome and glaucoma in a Turkish population
Authors: Bezci Aygun Figen , Bagci Bosi Ayse Tulay , Kocabeyoglu Sibel , Irkec Murat 
Published: May 2023

Purpose This study aimed to assess the possible effect of environmental factors and eating habits on patients with the exfoliation syndrome (XFS) and exfoliative glaucoma (XFG) in a Turkish population. Methods A questionnaire was applied to 1,000 individuals, including 290 patients with XFS, 210 patients with XFG, and 500 age- and sex-matched healthy control participants. Sociodemographic characteristics, home type and warming methods, living and working conditions (indoor–outdoor), dietary habits based on the the guidance of Turkey Dietary Guidelines, (Determination of Nutritional Status Report and Turkey National Nutrition and Health Survey) and using sunglasses were evaluated. The chi-square test, Student t test, and analysis of variance were used for the statistical analysis with SPSS v. 23.0 software. Results The case–control groups were matched during data collection, and age and sex distribution in groups was analyzed; however, no difference was found. The average years and hours spent outdoor were statistically different between case and control groups ( P < 0.05). The disease risk among individuals wearing sunglasses was 2.74 times less than that among those who did not wear sunglasses. Individuals born in the city had 1.46 times lower risk. Also, living out of the city until the age of 12 years increased the risk of getting the disease 1.36 times. In addition, while living in an apartment decreased the risk of disease, using a stove increased. The control groups had more healthy eating habits than the case groups. Conclusion This case–control study showed that time spent outdoors, wearing sunglasses, home type, heating method, and eating habits might be associated with XFS and XFG.
Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of influenza A viral variants in study participants treated with pimodivir in the phase 2b TOPAZ study
Authors: Vingerhoets Johan , Van Dromme Ilse , van Duijnhoven Wilbert , Anderson David , De Meyer Sandra , Leopold Lorant 
Published: May 2023

Background Pimodivir is a first-in-class polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2) subunit inhibitor of the influenza A polymerase complex. The randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled phase 2b TOPAZ study demonstrated antiviral activity and safety of twice daily pimodivir alone (300 mg, 600 mg) or in combination with oseltamivir (pimodivir 600 mg, oseltamivir 75 mg) in adult study participants with acute uncomplicated influenza A. The detailed genotypic and phenotypic characterization of viral variants observed in this study are reported. Methods Population sequencing of PB2 and neuraminidase genes, and phenotypic susceptibility testing, were performed using baseline and last virus-positive post-baseline nasal swab samples. Results Sequencing of baseline samples in 206 of 223 (92.4%) randomized study participants with confirmed influenza A infection identified no polymorphisms at any predefined PB2 positions of interest for pimodivir and no phenotypic reduced susceptibility to pimodivir was observed. Post-baseline sequencing data for 105/223 (47.1%) participants identified emergence of PB2 mutations at amino acid positions of interest in 10 (9.5%) participants (pimodivir 300 mg: n = 3; 600 mg: n = 6; combination: n = 1; placebo: n = 0) and included positions S324, F325, S337, K376, T378, and N510. These emerging mutations were typically associated with decreased pimodivir susceptibility, but not viral breakthrough. No reduced phenotypic susceptibility was observed in the one (1.8%) participant with emerging PB2 mutations from the pimodivir plus oseltamivir group. Conclusions Participants with acute uncomplicated influenza A treated with pimodivir in the TOPAZ study infrequently developed reduced susceptibility to pimodivir and combining pimodivir with oseltamivir further decreased the risk of reduced susceptibility development.
Effect of wire and needle spinning on the direct manufacturing PAN/amine nanofibrous membranes for CO2 sorption
Authors: Syrový Michal , Čapková Pavla , Ryšánek Petr , Benada Oldřich , Vostiňáková Monika 
Published: May 2023

Manufacturing of membranes for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture is a significant research topic. Achieving maximum CO2 sorption capacity while maintaining air permeability with a minimum number of technological steps was the main motivation of this work. The greatest advantages of this approach are its simplicity, low cost and easy transition to industrial scale. Electrospun nanofibrous membranes polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/triethylenetetramine (TETA) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) were prepared by one-step technology (modifying amines TETA, TEPA in different weight concentrations dissolved directly in spinning solution) using two different spinning conditions: needle spinning (electric field attached to a hollow needle through which a polymer solution is extruded under pressure) and wire spinning (electric field connected to a thin wire that is coated with a layer of polymer solution, and the spinning thus takes place from the free surface). Wire electrospinning turns out to be more suitable for a one-step technology with a modifying substance in the spinning solution. The best result as to the CO2 sorption capacity has been obtained for wire spinning PAN_TEPA_2% 11.7 ± 1.3 cm3/g with air permeability 53 ± 5 L/m2/s, which gives a good chance for the design of a sandwich functional unit for practical use. In addition to studies of CO2 adsorption, the article also deals with the comparison of both spinning methods for the PAN polymer, which have not yet been compared for this polymer in the literature, not only from the point of view of the possibility of preparing PAN nanofibers, but also their functional use precisely for CO2 capture.
The Differential Diagnostic Value of Radiomics Signatures Between Single-Nodule Pulmonary Metastases and Second Primary Lung Cancer in Patients with Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Yu Yu , Tan Jiaqing , Yang Yi , Zhang Bin , Yao Xiaodong , Sang Shibiao , Deng Shengming 
Published: May 2023

Background Differential diagnosis of single-nodule pulmonary metastasis (SNPM) and second primary lung cancer (SPLC) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) prior to lung surgery is relatively complex. Radiomics is an emerging technique for image information analysis, while it has not yet been applied to construct a differential diagnostic model between SNPM and SPLC in patients with CRC. In the present study, we aimed to extract radiomics signatures from thin-section computed tomography (CT) images of the chest. These radiomics signatures were combined with clinical features to construct a composite differential diagnostic model. Method A total of 91 patients with CRC, including 66 patients with SNPM and 25 patients with SPLC, were enrolled in this study. Patients were randomly assigned to the training cohort (n  =  63) and validation cohort (n  =  28) at a ratio of 7 to 3. Moreover, 107 radiomics features were extracted from the chest thin-section CT images. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to filter these features, and clinical features were screened by univariate analysis. The screened radiomics and clinical features were combined to construct a multifactorial logistic regression composite model. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were adopted to evaluate the models, and the corresponding nomograms were created. Results A series of 6 radiomics characteristics was screened by LASSO. After univariate logistic regression analysis, the composite model finally included 4 radiomics features and 4 clinical features. In the training cohort, the area under the curve scores of ROC curves were 0.912 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.813-0.969), 0.884 (95% CI: 0.778-0.951), and 0.939 (95% CI: 0.848-0.984) for models derived from radiomics, clinical, and combined features, respectively. Similarly, these values were 0.756 (95% CI: 0.558-0.897), 0.888 (95% CI: 0.711-0.975), and 0.950 (95% CI: 0.795-0.997) in the validation cohort, respectively. Conclusions We constructed a model for differential diagnosis of SNPM and SPLC in patients with CRC using radiomics and clinical features. Moreover, our findings provided a new assessment tool for patients with CRC in the future.