bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hematological profile of COVID-19 infected children before and after the spread of the Omicron variant in Istanbul
Authors: Akbeyaz Berkin Berk , Karaaslan AyŞe , Çetin Ceren , Köle Mehmet Tolga , AltaŞ Zeynep , Akın Yasemin 
Published: December 2022

Objective:
To examine the effect of the COVID-19 virus, especially the Omicron variant, on hematological parameters of hospitalized pediatric patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:
Medical records of pediatric COVID-19 patients hospitalized at Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kirdar City Hospital in Istanbul, Turkey, between March 2020 and May 2022 were retrospectively reviewed to analyze data regarding demographics, SARS-CoV-2 infection polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test results, reverse-transcriptase (RT)-PCR for other respiratory agents, duration of hospital stay, and hematological and biochemical laboratory findings.

Results:
Out of 467 children with a confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, 94 (20.1%) had Omicron infection and 373 (79.9%) were infected with other variants; the Omicron group had younger patients than the remaining samples (P<0.001). The most frequent clinical symptoms in all children were cough (53.5%) and fever (32.3%), followed by vomiting (20.8%). Lung involvement in the Omicron group (10.6%) was significantly lower than in the remaining samples (29.8%) (P<0.001). Hemoglobin and lymphocyte levels were lower in the Omicron-infected group (both P<0.001), while prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, international normalized ratio, and D-dimer levels were significantly higher in this group (P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, and P=0.023, respectively). In terms of lung involvement, those with lung involvement were significantly older (P<0.001).

Conclusions:
Although lung involvement was less common with Omicron infection, this group had greater hematological system involvement, such as anemia, lymphopenia, D-dimer elevation, and coagulation disorders.
Maintaining Guard
Authors: Alphi Serena , Anjali P. H. , Sebastian Shaliet Rose 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Since the introduction of COVID vaccine, there has been a palpable decline in the disease morbidity and mortality. In addition to the vaccine, adherence to preventive measures is of prime importance when it comes to the prevention of disease spread. The available evidence reiterates the need to maintain the preventive precautions until the attainment of the target vaccination coverage. There exists a gap regarding the data on adherence to self-care practices after the introduction of the vaccine in the community.

Objectives:
To assess the adherence to preventive behaviors against COVID-19 among vaccinated adults in central Kerala.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted among adults aged between 25 and 65 years in Pathanamthitta District, Central Kerala. Variables were expressed using the percentages and proportions. The Chi-square test was used for the comparison of proportions across groups. Logistic regression analyses were used to find out the determinants of nonadherence. The qualitative data collected were analyzed using the thematic analysis and classified into themes and subthemes.

Results:
The study showed that 134 out of 235 (57%) were adherent to COVID preventive behavior. Education of the study participants was found to be significantly associated with nonadherent behavior. The study reconnoitered a gap in practicing the preventive measures for COVID-19.

Conclusion:
Continuing adherence to preventive measures is necessary to combat the COVID-19 pandemic till or beyond the desired level of vaccination coverage is attained.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Primary Health-Care Workers toward NOMA Disease in Sokoto
Authors: Bala Mujtaba , Omotayo S. A. , Braimah R. O. , Taiwo A. O. , Jaafar R. , Abubakar A. B. , Abubakar M. K. , Saleh A. A. 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Noma is a quickly progressing and neglected opportunistic infection which if left untreated can result in a sequelae of severe facial destruction and death. Early detection and prompt treatment is paramount to the prevention of its sequelae. The aim of this study, was therefore, to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices of primary healthcare workers towards Noma in Sokoto state, Nigeria.

Methodology:
This was a cross-sectional study approved by the Sokoto State ministry of health. Participants consented were recruited using self-administered questionnaire between July, 2022 and August, 2022. The questionnaire consisted of 10 and 16 questions covering the domains of knowledge and, attitude/practices respectively. The total score for each domain was obtained and then categorized as low (less than or equals to 50%), fair (51 to 69%) and good (70% and above). Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25.

Results:
A total of 251 participants filled and returned the questionnaires. There were 151(60.2%) males and 100(39.8%) females in the age range of 22-57years with a mean±SD of 34.9±8.5 years. Out of 251 participants, 210(83.7%) were aware of Noma. The total score recorded in both the knowledge and attitude/practice domains were 75% and 78% respectively.

Conclusion:
The basic knowledge and attitude/practices of NOMA among primary healthcare workers in our clime was good. Therefore, there is need for continuing medical education among this groups of healthcare workers considering their role as the first contact health personnel in the community.
Oral Health Status of Middle School Students in Jeddah
Authors: Abdelrasoul Mohamed R. , Hassan Ahmed Fouad , Pullishery Fawaz 
Published: December 2022

Objective:
Outreach activities are one of the essential components of dental education that would help the students understand the community's oral health needs. The study aimed to engage dental undergraduate students in measuring their oral health status using four dental indices among middle school students.

Subjects and Methods:
The study was conducted as a part of an oral health education program in two public schools in Jeddah. Consent was obtained from both school students and parents. Two calibrated examiners measured the dental status using Ramfjord's calculus index, decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index, simplified debris index, and modified gingival index. An independent statistician did data analysis using SPSS ver 23.

Results:
Male students showed statistically significant higher scores for debris index, calculus index, and gingival index compared to female students (P < 0.001). The mean D and M component DMFT indices were significantly higher in female students (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
The variations in oral health status between students can be attributed to differences in oral hygiene practices and other sociodemographic factors, including ethnicity and socioeconomic status. This study showed a positive learning experience for dental students in assessing the oral health status of schoolchildren.
Ex vivo Renal Bench Pyelolithotomy for Renal Calculi in Live Related Kidney Transplant
Authors: Sharma Ashish , Sadasukhi Nripesh , Malik Sandeep , Sadasukhi T. C. , Gupta H. L. , Gupta Manish 
Published: December 2022

Background and Objectives:
Bench surgery performed just after donor nephrectomy is known as ex vivo Bench Surgery. We present a case series of Bench Pyelolithotomy in donor's kidney just before transplantation with our surgical experience and follow-up results.

Patients and Methods:
Fifteen ex vivo Bench Pyelolithotomy on renal graft was performed by an experienced surgeon from January 2018 to August 2020. All these patients underwent standard donor evaluation and metabolic workup. Pre- and post-operative parameters were analyzed for technical feasibility, intraoperative and postoperative complications, stone clearance, and stone recurrence rate.

Results:
All 15 donors were females with a mean age of 44 years. The mean stone size was 14.3 mm (range 5–30 mm). Stone extraction by pyelolithotomy on the bench was successfully performed, and a stone-free status was accomplished just before the transplantation. Complete stone clearance was achieved in all cases. Mean cold ischemia time was 32 min. Postoperatively, patients were stable with average urine output of 490 ml/h. All patients are in regular follow-up with graft functioning well measured with respect to serial serum creatinine and urine output.

Conclusions:
Bench surgery is safe, less time-consuming, and equally effective for a stone-bearing renal donor kidney without compromising renal allograft function.
Impact of Donor-specific Anti-human Leukocyte Antigen Antibodies in Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem-cell Transplantation
Authors: Sawant Rajesh B. , Sen Santanu , Tulpule Sameer A. , Naker Deepali Y. 
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
While donor-specific anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies (DSA) have been implicated in graft rejection in solid organ transplantation, their role in hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) remains unclear.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to study the role of DSA for proper donor selection and its effect in the setting of allogeneic HSCT.

Methodology:
HLA A, B, C, DRB1, and DQB1 high-resolution typing, and DSA cross match (XM) of patients (n = 73) and their prospective donors (n = 74) were assessed. A case–control study was designed retrospectively to evaluate the effect of pre- existing DSAs on engraftment. Thirty-five cases with 5/10 HLA alleles mismatches and 38 cases with full HLA matched, these two controls were selected for comparison. These were matched for disease, graft type, conditioning regimen, age, gender, blood group, and sensitizing events. DSAs were tested with solid-phase assay (Luminex 100/200 platform).

Results:
DSAs were detected in six of 35 patients (17%); however, donors selected for transplantation were all negative for DSA crossmatch. These six patients who underwent haploidentical (HI) transplants had antibodies against Class I and II. One patient carried antibodies against both classes. A patient who experienced primary graft failure had a second HI transplant. No other known factors that could negatively influence engraftment were associated with the development of graft failure in this patient.

Conclusions:
DSAs are not associated with graft rejection in patients undergoing HI stem-cell transplantation. Anti-HLA sensitization should be evaluated routinely in HSCT with HLA mismatched donors for a better outcome.
Allograft Rejection in Kidney Transplantation – A Retrospective Study of Impact on Graft and Patient Outcome
Authors: Shamsudheen M. P. , Kuchay Abid , Gupta Vijay Chander , Tiwari Isha , Karthik Raja , Das Uttara , Guditi Swarnalatha , Taduri Gangadhar 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Renal allograft rejection is a major cause of graft dysfunction, and it is a predictor of long-term allograft loss. Advances in immunosuppression have decreased the influence of acute rejection on graft survival. In this study, we assessed clinicopathological profile and immediate and long-term treatment outcomes of different types of allograft rejections in our institute.

Materials and Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent renal transplantation and had biopsy-proven renal allograft rejections from January 2010 to December 2019 in our institute. Recipient–donor characteristics at the time of transplantation and graft function post transplantation were documented. Patients were followed up till graft loss or patient loss or a minimum 12-month period after rejection episode for all survived patients.

Results:
Allograft rejection occurred in 88/424 (20.75%) renal transplant recipients during the study period. Active antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) was the most common type of rejection (40.9%) and was common in early posttransplant period also (54.5%). Graft dysfunction was the dominant presentation in all groups except chronic active ABMR, where heavy proteinuria was common. Chronic active ABMR was common (37.5%) in second episode of rejection. Overall graft survival, death-censored graft survival, and patient survival at the end of the study were 52.27%, 82.95%, and 69.3%, respectively.

Conclusion:
Renal allograft rejection decreases both graft and patient survival. Hence recommend regular surveillance for early detection and treatment.
Assessment of Psychological Variables amongst Indian Medical Professionals: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kodancha Preeti , Dwivedi Aryan , Rajesh Babu Ankith Appalla , Chaudhury Suprakash , Kumar Santosh , Prakash Jyoti 
Published: December 2022

Background:
The doctor–patient relationship is of critical importance to patient satisfaction and is impacted by various doctor-related factors.

Aim:
To assess the levels of emotional intelligence (EI), empathy, everyday/perceived discrimination and verbal aggression amongst medical professionals and medical students, and to understand the interrelations between these variables and their differences across groups.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study included convenience sampling of 191 medical students, and 94 medical professionals (residents and attending doctors). They were administered the Wong and Law emotional intelligence scale, Toronto empathy questionnaire, everyday discrimination scale and verbal aggression sub-scale from the Buss–Perry aggression scale. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences 20.

Results:
EI was significantly greater amongst professionals as compared to students, and positively correlated to years of experience in the medical profession. Everyday discrimination increased with years of experience in the medical fraternity and was also negatively correlated with the ‘emotion regulation’ component of EI. Female participants had higher levels of empathy and lower levels of everyday discrimination.

Conclusion:
In Indian medical professionals the levels of EI increase with years of experience and are higher for medical professionals than students. The levels of perceived discrimination increase with years of experience and were greater for medical professionals and male doctors. Perceived discrimination and verbal aggression showed a negative association with empathy and EI. Understanding the factors that impact the doctor–patient relationship, as well as the doctor’s personal experience in the medical fraternity, are crucial to improve patient satisfaction, as well as to improve the well-being of the medical professionals.
The impact of preoperative total parenteral nutrition on the surgical complications of Crohn’s disease: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Bin Traiki Thamer A. , Alshammari Sulaiman A. , Aljomah Nadia A. , Alsalouli Monirah M. , Altawil Esraa S. , Abdulla Maha-Hamadien , Alhassan Noura S. , Alkhayal Khayal A. 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Crohn’s disease (CD) is associated with malnutrition, an independent risk factor for surgical morbidity and mortality in more than 65% of patients, with a significant impact on disease outcomes. In this single-center retrospective cohort study, we aimed to investigate the impact of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on the surgical outcomes of patients with CD.

Methods:
This study included patients with CD who underwent abdominal surgery. We compared patients who received preoperative total parenteral nutrition (TPN group) to those who did not (non-TPN group). Prolonged oral intolerance, albumin level <30 g/L, and body mass index <18.5 were the main indications for TPN. We evaluated postoperative surgical complications in both groups.

Results:
Between January 2010 and October 2018, 169 eligible patients underwent abdominal surgery. The TPN and non-TPN groups included 40 and 129 patients, respectively. The mean albumin level was significantly lower in the TPN group (P = 0.013). Laparoscopic surgery was performed in 76.9% of the patients, with a conversion rate of 11.6%. Infectious and non-infectious complications developed in 8.9% and 16% of patients, respectively. Surgical complications were comparable between the groups (P >0.05).

Conclusions:
Despite oral intake intolerance and severe disease in the TPN group, the surgical complications were comparable between the groups.
Berle and Means’ Control and Contemporary Problems
Authors: Tajti Tibor 
Published: December 2022

The best way to judge the quality of a new company law is to test it against real-life problems. This article attempts to do that by placing the concept of control in the center of its observations, posing related questions, and offering food for thought for the drafters of company laws. The concept of control in the context of corporations with highly dispersed shareholders holding atomized stakes (‘quasi-public corporations’) was first dissected by Adolf A. Berle (lawyer) and Gardiner C. Means (economist) in their 1932 classic The Modern Corporation and Private Property. Their conceptualization and classification of control serves as the basis for the analysis herein, even though interest in control has lately been overshadowed by novel schools of thought based on agency theory and the like. With that in mind, the central thesis of this article is that control is the ultimate ‘invisible hand’ of company law because it is unparalleled in importance, omnipresent, and – due to its multifaceted nature – inherently difficult to grasp, especially insofar as its precise essence or its manifestation in real life circumstances is concerned. Secondly, using examples from recent cases from Central and Eastern Europe (‘CEE’), this article aims to show that the crucially important concept of control is still not fully understood. Unfortunately, but perhaps unsurprisingly, empirical evidence readily proves that simple formulas for “taming” control do not exist. Instead, eternal vigilance, as well as regular re-evaluation of governance and oversight solutions, is needed not just by the boards and corporate officers in charge of oversight, but also by shareholders if control of corporate officers is at stake. Thirdly, the article demonstrates that control plays a similarly important role for small and mid-sized businesses (‘SMEs’) countering a burning set of problems that SMEs are doomed to face at some point in their existence: the issues corollary to the inter-generational transfer of the control and ownership of successfully operating companies. This topic is tackled through the prism of the milestone case of Galler v. Galler from Illinois, United States (US), which gave the green light to a peculiar but flexible set of solutions to these governance-related issues. I argue that the Galler formula, or at least parts of it, could be adapted elsewhere to serve similar ends. As the case studies offered in this article will demonstrate, these are living problems, especially insofar as they concern jurisdictions which are still yet to settle on wholly-adequate solutions, such as the post-socialist states of Central and Eastern Europe, China, and other fledgling legal systems across the globe.
VPLYV PANDÉMIE COVID – 19 NA MOBILITU OBYVATEĽOV VO VEREJNEJ DOPRAVE
Authors: Harantová Veronika , Černý Mikuláš 
Published: December 2022

Pandémia COVID 19 predstavuje pre našu spoločnosť obrovské výzvy a zasiahla všetky oblasti nášho života. Jednou z oblastí, ktoré boli zasiahnuté najvýznamnejšie je hromadná osobná doprava. Cieľom tohto príspevku je poukázať na zmeny dopravného správania sa obyvateľov Slovenska vplyvom pandémie COVID – 19 . Na tento účel slúžili dáta získané pomocou dotazníkového prieskumu, ktorý bol realizovaní počas roku 2021 obyvateľmi Slovenska. Okrem toho boli použité aj dáta o mobilite obyvateľov od spoločnosti Google. Celkovo bol zaznamenaný významný pokles používanie verejnej osobnej dopravy, avšak tento fakt spôsobil aj pokles celkovej mobility v dôsledku opatrení na zníženie šírenia ochorenia. Zistilo sa, že obyvatelia sa počas najsilnejších vĺn pandémie vyhýbali používaniu verenej osobnej dopravy a prechádzali na iné druhy dopravy a to predovšetkým na individuálnu automobilovú a pešiu dopravu. Hlavným dôvodom boli obavy o bezpečnosť a zdravie.
Virtual learning in ophthalmology training during the time of COVID-19: a perspective of clinicians’ at a tertiary referral eye hospital, a cross-sectional study
Authors: EKİCİ Eren , ÇITIRIK Mehmet 
Published: December 2022

Aim: To evaluate the implementation of virtual learning in ophthalmology training during the time of COVID-19 through the perspective of clinicians.
Material and Method: A survey among physicians, who are actively involved in Ophthalmology-related training, was conducted. The expert survey comprised 29 questions and two parts addressing the application of virtual learning and the efficacy of webinars in increasing the clinical and surgical skills in Ophthalmology during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Results: A total of 42 Turkish ophthalmologists participated in the study. In the pre-pandemic period, lectures (92.9%), grand rounds with case studies (71.4%), and videos (61.9%) were among the first choices of the participants. A statistically significant increase in the use of e-learning modalities (p < 0.001 for all estimates) except for e-class with uploaded educational material was detected during the pandemic. Zoom® was recognized as the most used platform for virtual teaching. A statistically significant (p=0.034) decrease in time spent on surgical training was detected during the pandemic. 81% thought that webinars are good or very good in strengthening clinical skills within diagnosis and treatment. Also, 78.6% stated that webinars are good or very good in increasing surgical skills and management of complications. 64.3% supported webinars to be maintained even after the termination of the pandemic.
Conclusion: A considerable experience provided by virtual learning methods, especially webinars, may change conventional education practices and will also serve to build the foundation for teaching during future disasters and beyond.