bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of Total Phenol and Chemical Qualities for Helianthus annus L. to Roselle Extract and Phenol Spraying
Authors: Hussain Hind Adnan , Thabit Hadeel Mohammed , Aljenaby Hiafaa Khettaf Abed Alkereem , Fadil Nada Mohammad 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explain the impact of phenol separation from Roselle extract on the volatile oil yield, as well as the roles of total phenol, zinc, and protean for Helianthus annus L. (Sunflower). The agricultural test was conducted in the spring. 2022 in the city of Kerbala in Arabia The factorial experiment examined the effects of spraying a source level of Roselle extract with phenol compound the separation from Roselle on various active compounds and chemical characteristics of sunflower plants using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications, two factors, and phenol compoundthe first factor was Roselle extract (control, 10, 20 gm L-1) The second factor was phenol (control, 0.5, 8 gm L-1 ). The medicines were administered in two dosages, and after assessing all growth traits, the plants were harvested when fully mature. After the crop reached full maturity on July 18, 2022, the harvesting process was carried out. The results indicate phenol separation from Roselle extract Improved content (volatile oil yield, Zinc and protean and total phenol ).
Water Quality Assessment of some Parameters of Dalmaj Marsh, Al-Diwaniya City, Iraq
Authors: Al-Jasimee Ahmed Sabah , Hussein Haider Mashkoor 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The current study has investigated some parameters of Dalmaj Marsh, located in AL-Diwaniyah City, in Iraq, from the period of January 2022 to June 2022. In the field parameters such as electrical conductivity, salinity, TDS, pH, Turbidity, Temperature of air and water have been measured. Whereas, other parameters such as Biological oxygen demand BOD, Dissolved oxygen DO, total hardness, total alkalinity and chlorides have been measured at the laboratory. The results show that there has been a variation in parameters in all months of study, in the three studied sites. High salinity has been recorded and increased temperature in the studied sites. Also, high level of BOD has been recorded in Dalmaj Marsh that reflect deterioration of water. These findings provide crucial background data for further research.
The Impact of Hydrological Changes on Fish Assemblages in the Zachery Marshes of Southern Iraq
Authors: Abdullah Abdul Hussein Jaafer 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The present study was implemented in the Zachery Marsh as part of the middle marshes north of Bashar Province from January to December 2022 to investigate the impact of the seasons’ oscillation between drought and flooding on fish assemblage abundance, size spectrum, and ecological indices. Three stations were selected to collect samples of fish. The specimens were monthly gathered with different fishing tools, including fixed gillnets, cast nets, and electrofishing. The water temperature ranged from 12.32 to 34.03 °C, the salinity varied from 1.75 PSU to 2.89 PSU, and the pH fluctuated between 7.47 and 8.43. The rate of change in water depth in the low flat regions fluctuated from 27 cm in September to 76 cm in April. The mean water depth in rivers, small pits, and canals varied from 45 cm in October to the highest, 121 cm in March. In the seasonal regions, the average depth ranged from zero in July, August, September, and October to 40 cm in April. The current study documented 18 fish species belonging to 16 genera and 9 families from Zachery Marsh, all of them affiliated with the Osteichthyes class. Cyprinidae was the most abundant family, including six species. The species Planiliza abu, the most abundant species, formed 28.44%, Carassius gibelio constituted 20.27%, and Orechromis aureus represented 18.52%. The dominance index (D3) of the three dominant species was 67.23%. The size spectrum of the most commercial species was determined. The diversity index value ranged from 1.64 in August to 2.08 in June, the evenness index varied between 0.69 in May and 0.91 in December, and the richness index values fluctuated from 1.47 in August to 2.28 in June. Resident species represented 88.02%, seasonal species formed 6.08%, and the occasional fish species counted for 5.90%. The present study concludes that the fluctuation between drought and flooding has a critical role in the composition of fish assemblages, particularly in seasonal marshes that are subjected to extreme conditions. The fish evolve several reproductive strategies in these difficult conditions in order to survive and continue.
Anatomical Study of Nerium oleander L. Leaves Found in Places Contaminated with H2S
Authors: Malik Al-Saadi Sahar A. A. , Al-Taie Sadeq Sabeeh Kareem , Al-Waheeb Alla N. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The research study the effect of H2S on Nerium oleander leaves, the leaves were collected from the pollution places in the crowded streets with cars and factory areas from five different regions of Basrah city, The results showed that the average of highest concentration of hydrogen sulfide gas was 4. ppm in the Al-Amin Aldakhli area, while the lowest value of gas was recorded in Karmat Ali, it was 0.4 ppm of date palm plants and 0.8 ppm. Anatomy study of N. oleanderleaves showed that the different changes in plant internal tissues with H2S pollution which presented by difference in the thickness of epidermal cell walls of N. oleander leaves in the areas of Al-Dair, Manawi Pasha and Andal’s, while the thickness of the cells was less in the area of Karmat Ali. Highest average length of cells of the upper epidermis was recorded in the Al-Dier and Karmat Ali region was 40 μm and 37.5 μm respectively, while the lower epidermis was 35.82 μmin Al-Dier. Stomata dimension found the lowest average was recorded in the Al-Amin Aldakhli area was 24 μm while in the upper epidermis have highest value, it was in Karmat ali was 30 μm. The number of stomata different between the stations, it was found that the highest average of stomata was found in the lower epidermis in Al-Amin Aldakhli station was 215.98, while the lowest average in Karmat Ali was 98. The upper epidermis had the highest average number of stomata in the Minawi Pasha station was 183.96 on lower epidermis and the lowest average in Andal’s area was 66. Also, the highest average number of cells was in the Lower epidermis in Andal’s region was 3159.96, and the lowest average was 919.98 in the Al-Dair.
Combining rotary wet-spinning biofabrication and electro-mechanical stimulation for the in vitro production of functional myo-substitutes
Authors: Celikkin Nehar , Presutti Dario , Maiullari Fabio , Volpi Marina , Promovych Yurii , Gizynski Konrad , Dolinska Joanna , Wiśniewska Agnieszka , Opałło Marcin , Paradiso Alessia , Rinoldi Chiara , Fuoco Claudia , Swieszkowski Wojciech , Bearzi Claudia , Rizzi Roberto , Gargioli Cesare , Costantini Marco 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this work, we present an innovative, high-throughput rotary wet-spinning biofabrication method for manufacturing cellularized constructs composed of highly-aligned hydrogel fibers. The platform is supported by an innovative microfluidic printing head (MPH) bearing a crosslinking bath microtank with a co-axial nozzle placed at the bottom of it for the immediate gelation of extruded core/shell fibers. After a thorough characterization and optimization of the new MPH and the fiber deposition parameters, we demonstrate the suitability of the proposed system for the in vitro engineering of functional myo-substitutes. The samples produced through the described approach were first characterized in vitro and then used as a substrate to ascertain the effects of electro-mechanical stimulation on myogenic maturation. Of note, we found a characteristic gene expression modulation of fast (MyH1), intermediate (MyH2), and slow (MyH7) twitching myosin heavy chain isoforms, depending on the applied stimulation protocol. This feature should be further investigated in the future to biofabricate engineered myo-substitutes with specific functionalities.
DREAM: an R package for druggability evaluation of human complex diseases
Authors: Federico Antonio , Fratello Michele , Pavel Alisa , Möbus Lena , del Giudice Giusy , Serra Angela , Greco Dario 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Motivation
De novo drug development is a long and expensive process that poses significant challenges from the design to the preclinical testing, making the introduction into the market slow and difficult. This limitation paved the way to the development of drug repurposing, which consists in the re-usage of already approved drugs, developed for other therapeutic indications. Although several efforts have been carried out in the last decade in order to achieve clinically relevant drug repurposing predictions, the amount of repurposed drugs that have been employed in actual pharmacological therapies is still limited. On one hand, mechanistic approaches, including profile-based and network-based methods, exploit the wealth of data about drug sensitivity and perturbational profiles as well as disease transcriptomics profiles. On the other hand, chemocentric approaches, including structure-based methods, take into consideration the intrinsic structural properties of the drugs and their molecular targets. The poor integration between mechanistic and chemocentric approaches is one of the main limiting factors behind the poor translatability of drug repurposing predictions into the clinics.

Results
In this work, we introduce DREAM, an R package aimed to integrate mechanistic and chemocentric approaches in a unified computational workflow. DREAM is devoted to the druggability evaluation of pathological conditions of interest, leveraging robust drug repurposing predictions. In addition, the user can derive optimized sets of drugs putatively suitable for combination therapy. In order to show the functionalities of the DREAM package, we report a case study on atopic dermatitis.

Availability and implementation
DREAM is freely available at https://github.com/fhaive/dream. The docker image of DREAM is available at: https://hub.docker.com/r/fhaive/dream.
pyCaverDock: Python implementation of the popular tool for analysis of ligand transport with advanced caching and batch calculation support
Authors: Vavra Ondrej , Beranek Jakub , Stourac Jan , Surkovsky Martin , Filipovic Jiri , Damborsky Jiri , Martinovic Jan , Bednar David 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSummaryAccess pathways in enzymes are crucial for the passage of substrates and products of catalysed reactions. The process can be studied by computational means with variable degrees of precision. Our in-house approximative method CaverDock provides a fast and easy way to set up and run ligand binding and unbinding calculations through protein tunnels and channels. Here we introduce pyCaverDock, a Python3 API designed to improve user experience with the tool and further facilitate the ligand transport analyses. The API enables users to simplify the steps needed to use CaverDock, from automatizing setup processes to designing screening pipelines.Availability and implementationpyCaverDock API is implemented in Python 3 and is freely available with detailed documentation and practical examples at https://loschmidt.chemi.muni.cz/caverdock/.
Development of HPLC-UV Method for Simultaneous Determination of Corticosteroid Co-Administered Immune Therapy
Authors: Abdelhamid Nessreen S , Farid Nehal F , Anwar Basma H , Magdy Maimana A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Prednisolone (PDS) has recently been utilized to treat a variety of medical disorders, including autoimmune illnesses and cancer. It is also used to treat coronavirus disease 2019 infection-related respiratory problems. Because it may induce health problems including gastrointestinal lesions and ulceration, it has to be used alongside other drugs like esomeprazole (ESM), which acts as a proton pump antagonist to reduce the probability of ulceration. As a result, the goal of this research is to create an environmentally safe and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) approach for determining PDS and ESM in their binary combination and spiked human plasma. C8 column (100 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) and gradient mobile phase elution were used to separate the studied drugs with ultraviolet recognition at 290 nm. Caffeine was utilized as an internal standard to adjust the sample variance. Plasma, caffeine, ESM and PDS all had tR values of 1.4, 3.5, 6.3 and 7.3, respectively. The suggested method’s greenness features were evaluated using three greenness evaluation tools: green analytical procedure index, analytical greenness metric approach and analytical eco-scale, and the findings were approved and satisfied. Validation parameters were evaluated in accordance with US-FDA recommendations in order to meet the global desires for biological analysis technique, acceptable limits were obtained.
Analytical Concordance of Total Vitamin D on a Fully Automated Random-Access LC–MS/MS Platform
Authors: Gqamana Putuma P , Militello Leah , McMaster Jeffrey M , Daley Stacy J , Zhang Y Victoria 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
The adoption of LC–MS/MS laboratory developed tests in the clinical laboratory is limited by many factors including the lack of automation. Recently, the Cascadion™ clinical analyzer was introduced as a fully automated random-access LC–MS/MS platform. Here, the analytical concordance between the platform and a Roche immunoassay analyzer was investigated for vitamin D analysis in human serum, including samples selected for high triglyceride levels.

Methods
Analytical precision was evaluated on 3 levels of QC samples (10, 30, and 90 ng/mL) within days (n = 4, 5 days) and between days (20 days). Assay comparison to the Roche was performed using reference samples from the CDC and CAP programs for accuracy. Concordance was also monitored using routine patient samples, as well as samples selected for elevated triglyceride levels (&gt;250 mg/dL).

Results
Precision met manufacturer specifications (&lt;10% CV and &lt;15% bias), whereas the accuracy evaluations showed a linear fit (y = 0.97x − 1.1, r = 0.995) with 1:1 correlation to reference samples, independent of C-3-epi-vitamin D levels. A mean positive bias (11%) was observed for the Roche measurements in normal patient samples, whereas a mean negative bias (−8%) was observed in samples selected for elevated triglyceride levels.

Conclusions
Cascadion measurements of total vitamin D compared favorably with Roche results in our laboratory, although discordance was observed in the analysis of patient serum, which could be explained in terms of known differences between the 2 assays. However, operational issues need to be addressed to effect clinical adoption.
Using Antibodies in Microscopy: A Guide to Immunohistochemistry. Part 3: Post-Embedding Electron Microscopy Techniques
Authors: Guerin Christopher J 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is the use of antibodies as probes to determine the localization of proteins in a cell or tissue sample. In microscopy, the technique has been in use since the 1940s by pathologists and research scientists. At first glance it appears a straightforward procedure. In practice, however, an IHC protocol has many steps where problems can occur resulting in either false positive or false negative data. IHC can be used for ultrastructural studies using electron microscopy (EM), but the protocols used for light microscopy must be adapted. While IHC techniques have been published extensively, a certain amount of confusion exists as to how to optimize them. This series of articles describes the steps involved in IHC and their function, and some variations that occur in specific protocols on differing cell and tissue types. It is hoped that a better understanding of these steps will help to guide users in determining the optimal conditions for carrying through IHC protocols.
Decreased Pneumococcal Carriage Among Older Adults in Denmark During the COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Tinggaard Michaela , Slotved Hans-Christian , Petersen Randi Føns , Hovmand Nichlas , Benfield Thomas 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
COVID-19 containment measures reduced the burden of invasive pneumococcal disease. Data on pneumococcal carriage rates among adults during the pandemic are scarce.

Methods
Naso- and oropharyngeal swabs and questionnaires were collected during January 2019 to December 2021 from adults ≥64 years of age. Carriage was determined by lytA/piaB PCR.

Results
A total of 1556 participants provided paired naso- and oropharyngeal swabs. Their median age was 74 years (IQR, 70–79). Streptococcus pneumoniae DNA was detected in 146 (9.4%) oropharyngeal swabs and 34 (2.2%) nasopharyngeal. The carriage rate decreased from 12.9% (95% CI, 10.1%–16.1%, n = 66/511) prelockdown (January 2019–February 2020) to 4.2% (95% CI, 2.0%–7.5%, n = 10/240) during lockdown (March 2020–February 2021) and increased to 12.1% (95% CI, 9.8%–14.7%, n = 87/719) with the reopening of society (March 2021–December 2021; P = .0009).

Conclusions
Pneumococcal carriage prevalence declined significantly during pandemic mitigation measures and rebounded to prepandemic levels as measures were lifted.
Rosai-Dorfman disease presenting as autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a male child in Palestine: a case report
Authors: Njoum Yumna , Abu-Hilal Lila H , Jabbarin Farah , Bannoura Sami , Mtour Sameer , Itmaizeh Muaath 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare, benign non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis predominantly affects lymph nodes and skin. Despite its benign nature, RDD can cause serious hematological complications. A 14-year-old male, presented with 3-month history of hemolytic anemia, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly and rash. After thorough investigation, RDD was diagnosed by mediastinal lymph node biopsy that revealed presence of S100 and CD68-positive cells with absence of CD1a confirming the diagnosis of RDD. Treatment involved combination of steroids and Rituximab, which proved to be highly effective. The patient had dramatic improvement and entered remission, with follow-up period of 2 years. It is important to note that although RDD is a rare disease, it causes severe complications, as evidenced by the patient's parameters. Thus, prompt diagnosis and treatment are paramount. Histological diagnosis is of great value, as it helps confirming and guiding treatment decisions. With the right treatment, patients can experience great recovery and quality of life.
The Selection Surface and Adaptive Landscape for Multiple Traits
Authors: Arnold Stevan J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Selection is often viewed and analyzed as a single-trait phenomenon or multiple traits are treated as isolated, single traits. This univariate focus is unfortunate because it misses crucial aspects of selection that are only revealed in a multivariate treatment of the problem. Crucial new aspects uncovered in multivariate selection analysis allow us to: (1) distinguish between direct and indirect targets of selection, (2) diagnose the correct shape of the selection surface and hence the shape of the adaptive landscape, (3) estimate the force of directional selection in units that can be used to assess evolutionary responses of trait means to selection, and (4) estimate the force of nonlinear selection in units that can be used to assess immediate effects on genetic variance and covariance, as well as long-term contributions to evolutionary patterns, such as stasis. However, all of these selling points are subject to provisos and limitations. Nevertheless, the case for pursuing multivariate rather than univariate selection analysis is compelling.
Response of a Single Trait to Selection
Authors: Arnold Stevan J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The evolution of the trait mean in response to directional selection is an important ingredient of adaptive radiation and in the improvement of domestic stocks. Selection response is a function of genetic variance and the magnitude of directional selection. Experimenters have imposed deliberate selection for many generations to improve domesticated plants and animals and to gauge response in experimental lines. Steady change in the mean has often been observed for 10−120 generations, although sometimes the response is asymptotic. These observations reinforce the view that abundant genetic variation is usually available for most kinds of traits, even in small natural populations exposed to intense selection. The genetic underpinnings of selection response have been assessed in studies of quantitative trait loci (QTL and GWAS). A common finding is that traits are affected by dozens to hundreds of genes with locations sprinkled about the genome. Studies of geographic variation in quantitative traits suggest the trait mean has tracked spatial variation in the adaptive peak. Analysis of trait divergence on the scale of millions of generations indicates that long-continued directional selection of minute magnitude could account for the observed divergence. These diverse lines of evidence point to selection as the driver of adaptive radiations.
Evolution of a Single Trait on a Stationary Adaptive Landscape
Authors: Arnold Stevan J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The adaptive landscape is a powerful tool for conceptualizing and modelling long-term responses to selection. Here we focus on a single trait evolving on an adaptive landscape with a single, stationary peak. To visualize the stochastic models that we will use, imagine a set of replicate populations of identical size that descend all at once from a common ancestor and thereafter evolve on identical adaptive landscapes. A ∩-shaped adaptive landscape results in a stable equilibrium distribution of the replicate trait means. Stabilizing selection tends to pull the mean towards a peak on the landscape, but that tendency is balanced by drift of the trait mean away from the peak. As a consequence of this push-pull dynamic, once all the replicates have achieved an equilibrium, variation among their trait means is inversely proportional to effective population size. The smaller the size of each replicate, the more variable the response to selection. Tests of model predictions with large data sets indicate that this Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) model is undoubtedly an element in the general explanation for stasis, but other factors are also in play. In particular, the OU model with realistic parameter produces only a fraction of the differentiation that is observed in nature. Parameter fits are even worse for peak-shift models. As we shall see in later chapters, stabilizing selection helps explain stasis, but we also need a model for the movement of the peak.
Evolution of Genetic Variance
Authors: Arnold Stevan J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We can imagine a conceptual world in which theory for the evolution of the trait mean is accompanied by theory for the evolution of the trait’s genetic and phenotypic variances. Such a theory would provide linked equations for per-generation change in the trait’s first two genetic moments. A tractable dual theory of this kind does not exist, so we must make do with either the simplistic idea that genetic variance is relatively constant or the more realistic perspective that genetic variance equilibrates under a specified set of opposing forces. Theory and simulation studies of equilibration of genetic variance suggest that relative constancy might be achieved under a wide variety of conditions that include large population size, weak selection, and migration among subpopulations. Empirical comparisons of genetic variance among related populations and species support the view that phenotypic and genetic variances are less variable than trait means. In other words, although equilibration of genetic variance can be viewed as a necessary convenience, it is also true that the equilibration perspective is supported by several lines of evidence.