bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental Study for the Conservation of the Simawang Megalitic Site, Lake Singkarak, West Sumatera
Authors: Susilowati N , Setiawan T , Aditya G 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The Menhir Simawang site is located in the northeastern part of Lake Singkarak on a hillside with residential areas in the valley. The uniqueness of the Menhir Simawang site is located on a hill facing northeast, where Mount Sago is located. This mountain is one of the mountains that was considered sacred in the minds of the Minang people in the past. The aim is to find out in advance the local wisdom of the Simawang people in the past in adapting to their environment. The second utilizes environmental studies for site conservation. This study uses qualitative methods, using inductive reasoning. To sharpen environmental analysis in conservation, primary data (field) and secondary data analysis is carried out through maps. The excavation results show that the menhirs are related to the burial pits which are oriented northeast-southwest. The selection of a burial site on the top of a hill and the division of its terraced space is one of the implementations of the concept and social structure, as well as the beliefs of the Simawang people. The belief that when someone dies, the spirit will return to the top, so to bring it closer to the upper world, it must be placed in a higher place than their settlement. Local wisdom in choosing land as a grave or settlement is a form of human adaptation to the environment. This local wisdom can be a lesson for us today.
The Effect of Liquid Organic Fertilizer and Cattle Manure in Increasing the Biomass of Asiatic Pennywort (Centella asiatica L. Urb)
Authors: Vinolina N S , Ginting J , Siagian J B R 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Asiatic pennywort (Centella asiatica L. Urb) is one of the medicinal plants, it had a large spread, especially in tropical and subtropical areas. This study aimed to determine the dose of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF), cattle manure, and their interaction to increase the biomass of asiatic pennywort. This study was conducted at Medan Selayang Sub-district with an altitude ± 25 m ASL from March to May 2022. This study used a factorial randomized block design (RBD), the first factor was the cattle manure: 0; 3.375; 6.75; and 10.125 tons/ha, and the second factor was the LOF application: 0; 1.5; 3; and 4,5 ml/ l. The data were analyzed by an ANOVA, and the mean was continued by a DMRT at P<0.05. The results showed that the application of cattle manure at a dose of 6.75 to 10.125 tons/ha could be increased the number of leaves and the number of primary tendrils by 40.98% and 35.02%, respectively. The LOF-treated at doses of 3 to 4.5 ml/l could be increased petiole length, number of leaves, and number of primary tendrils were 32.94; 60.49; 64.73%. The K0P2 and K3P3 interactions could be increased stalk length by 93.57% respectively.
The Effect of Changes in Forest Area Designation on a Diversity of Undergrowth Vegetation
Authors: Sidabukke S H , Simarmata M M T , Saragih R , Rasyid F , Aulin F R 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Biodiversity is a term used for the degree of diversity of living natural resources, including the number and abundance of genes, species, and ecosystems in an area. Consists of various forms of life, their ecological role, and the diversity of germplasm contained therein. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of changes in forest area designation on the diversity of understorey species. Data analysis used the method of placing plots in the lane using the plotted path method, with a plot area of 2 m x 2 m, by recording all understorey plants from sprouts to a seedling height of no more than 1.5 m. And also using the analysis of the important value index (INP) and species diversity. The results obtained from this study can be concluded that the species diversity in plantation forests is 3.470, in protected areas is 3.525 and in natural forests is 3.093. This shows that there is no serious effect on plant species diversity because the species diversity obtained shows results that are not much different between plantation forests, protected areas, and natural forests.
Amelioration of Peat Soil for Changes in C/N Levels through Palm Oil Empty Bunch Ash Utilization in Mucuna Bracteata Plantatione
Authors: Charloq  , Simbolon P E , Vinolina N S 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Peat soil-based utilization of sustainable agriculture through amelioration technology of organic waste material from palm oil empty bunch ash supports the growth of Mucuna bracteate. This study aims to determine whether giving palm oil an empty bunch of ash effect the Mucuna bracteata growth and changes in C/N levels in peat soil. The research design used was A Completely Randomized Non-Factorial Design with four replications and five levels of treatment with palm oil bunch ash, namely: P0 = 0 kg/ha (Control), P1 = 25 g/polybag (5000 kg/ha), P3 = 75 g/polybag (15000 kg/ha), P2 = 50 g/polybag (10000 kg/ha), P4 = 100 g/polybag (20000 kg/ha). Parameters observed were tendril length, leaves number, wet crown weight, shoot dry weight, root wet weight, root dry weight, and C/N ratio media gowing. The results showed Palm oil empty bunch ash at a dose of 50 g/polybag (10000 kg/ha) was significantly beneficial in increasing the growth of Mucuna bracteata until the age of 3 months by influencing changes in C/N levels of peat soil planted with Mucuna bracteata which had a strong and significant correlation at α = 0.4.
Development of Propolis Fraction from Madu Efi’s Bee Farm
Authors: Mustika S E , Lelo A , Hasibuan P A , Nasution I P , Eyanoer P C , Ichwan M , Effendi R , Mustafa  
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Propolis as natural resources from bee has complex biological and chemical depending the plant around the hives. This study aimed to find out cytotoxic activity of n-hexane fractions of propolis from Madu Efi’s bee farm N-hexane and the maceration method were used to make the fraction. Using the MTT method on WiDr cell lines for 24 and 48 hours, cytotoxic activity was measured. The MTT test showed that the IC50 values for the n-hexane fraction and 5-Fu were 74.16 0.11 g/mL; 54.40 0.78 g/mL for 24 h; and 49.65 1.03 g/mL; 33.86 0.58 g/mL for 48 h. The results show that WiDr cell lines are killed by n-hexane fractions of propolis from MaduEfi’s bee farm. The best time to incubate them is for 48 hours.
The problem with net zero building policy: reflecting on the making, and future, of a global discourse
Authors: Hasan L , Lizarralde G , Lachapelle E 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The Paris Agreement made net zero emissions a global target. In response, net zero carbon building standards have proliferated, making net zero a popular target for buildings. But to meaningfully contribute to global decarbonization efforts, net zero standards and the organizations who promote them, must be deemed legitimate. Given the building industry’s reputation for being highly fragmented and slow to change, how has this legitimacy been constructed? What are the implications of this legitimation process? This article seeks to answer these questions by exploring the narratives used by the World Green Building Council (WGBC) to legitimate Net Zero Carbon Buildings (NZCB) from 2015 to 2021. Our analysis is based on over 100 documents produced by the WGBC and 22 interviews with WGBC and Green Building Council representatives, policymakers, and industry actors. Results reveal six main storylines adopted by the WGBC to extend the legitimacy of sustainable green building movement actors to the new net zero governance space. This legitimation process allows the WGBC to develop and implement net zero standards quickly, but also creates tensions between efficiency and procedural integrity, potential and proven results, corporate and collective value. While NZCB are here to stay, these tensions highlight barriers to their wide-scale adoption and question their ability to deliver an economically viable, socially just, environmental, net zero transition.
The energy crisis as a challenge of small scale wind energy in urban areas- The case of Greece
Authors: Tzen Eftihia , Rossis Kyriakos , Stefanatos Nikolaos 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
As a result of successive crisis situations, Covid-19 pandemic, war in Ukraine, and the climate change and the short term effects of the energy transition, high energy prices, have brought great concern to the citizens and difficulty to the governments to act immediately and provide solutions and measures. The shift to green energy is becoming more and more necessary at all levels with citizens looking for alternative and economical ways to meet their needs in electrical energy. The use of small wind turbines in an urban environment is promising and constitutes a beneficial alternative under certain circumstances. The purpose of the present work is to deliver a fundamental overview on small wind turbines for small scale applications in or near urban areas, discussing their efficiency, financial and certification issues, and the legislative framework in Greece.
A data-driven framework for building energy benchmarking and renovation decision-making support in Sweden
Authors: Penaka Santhan Reddy , Feng Kailun , Rebbling Anders , Azizi Shoaib , Lu Weizhuo , Olofsson Thomas 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In Europe, the buildings sector is responsible for 40% of energy use and more than 30% of buildings are older than 50 years. Due to ageing, a large number of houses require energy-efficient renovation to meet building energy performance standards and the national energy efficiency target. Although Swedish house owners are willing to improve energy efficiency, there is a need for a dedicated platform providing decision-making knowledge for house owners to benchmark their buildings. This paper proposes a data-driven framework for building energy renovation benchmarking as part of an energy advisory service development for the Västerbotten region, Sweden. This benchmark model facilitates regional homeowners to benchmark their building energy performance relative to the national target and similar neighbourhood buildings. Specifically, based on user input data such as energy use, location, construction year, floor area, etc., this model benchmarks the user’s building performance using two benchmark references i.e., 1) Sweden’s target to reduce buildings by 50% energy use intensity (EUI) by 50% by 2050 compared to the average EUI in 1995, 2) comparing user building with the most relevant peer group of buildings, using energy performance certificates (EPC) big data. Several building groups will be classified based on influential factors that affect building energy use. Hence, this benchmark provides decision-making supportive knowledge to homeowners e.g., whether they need to perform an energy-efficient renovation. In the future, this methodology will be extended and implemented in the digital platform to provide helpful insights to decide on suitable EEMs. This work is an integral part of project AURORAL aims to deliver an interoperable, open, and integrated digital platform, demonstrated by cross-domain applications through large-scale pilots in 8 regions in Europe, including Västerbotten.
Smart Energy Performance Assessment Platform and next generation Energy Performance Certificate of buildings
Authors: Polychroni E , Bololia M , Androutsopoulos A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
After 10 years of track record, the current Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) schemes across the EU face several challenges which have led to not fully accomplish their initial objectives: lack of accuracy, a gap between theoretical and real consumption patterns, absence of proper protocols for inclusion of smart and novel technologies, little convergence across EU schemes, lack of trust in the market and very little user awareness related to energy efficiency. The objective of this paper is to show a holistic methodology for energy performance assessment and certification of buildings that can overcome the above mentioned challenges. The paper presents a Smart Energy Performance Assessment Platform which makes use of the most advanced techniques in dynamic and automated simulation modelling, big data analysis and machine learning, inverse modelling for the estimation of potential energy savings and economic viability check. The reliability, accuracy, user-friendliness and cost-effectiveness of the methodology is checked and validated through 15 case studies in 5 European countries. Additionally, a new useful, enriched and quite user-friendly Energy Performance Certificate format is presented which has been accepted by various target groups, i.e., building users and building related professionals, policy makers. This way, a universal web calculation platform is developed which, together with a new EPC template strongly support the EU goals for more reliable, uniform, and informative EPCs.
Global residential scenarios towards low energy and material demands
Authors: Mastrucci A , Ruijven B van 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Transition to low energy and material demand (LEMD) for buildings is key to reach climate change mitigation and sustainability targets but will require unprecedent technological and social transformations. Scenarios addressing LEMD transformations for the global building sector are still largely unexplored. In this study, we assess global residential energy and material demands until 2050 for three alternative sustainable development pathways (SDPs): Economy-driven innovation (EI), driven by technology and energy efficiency; Resilient communities (RC), a post-growth scenario centred around local communities and behavioural change; and Managing the global commons (MC), with strong global institutions and high electrification. We use the bottom-up framework MESSAGEix-Buildings, soft-linked to the integrated assessment model MESSAGEix-GLOBIOM, to model the three SDPs for the global residential sector. We show that the RC scenario entails the highest potential towards reducing energy and material demand driven by behavioural change. The EI and MC scenarios are characterized by relatively higher energy and material demand levels and might require additional efforts on the supply-side to reduce total building-related operational and construction greenhouse gases emissions. This study can support decision making on strategies towards sustainability and zero-energy and emission targets in the buildings sector.
Multi-Criteria Optimization for the Decision Making in Building Envelope Thermal Design
Authors: Kilis V , Ploskas N , Panaras G 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The increase of energy utilization reinforced the need of reducing the primary energy consumption based on fossil fuels and the limitation of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions to the atmosphere. Such goals aim at the provision of affordable and generally clean energy for the citizens. However, the final decision making is hard to be achieved, due not only to the multitude variety of such proposed technologies, but also to the consideration of different criteria and scenarios, that in many cases are conflicting with each other. This paper deals with the optimization of the building envelope design considering thermal insulation, economic, and environmental aspects. The Life Cycle Assessment perspective is implemented for the data of the environmental criterion, focusing on the CO2 emissions and the cumulative energy demand. The decision making refers not only to the selection of the appropriate thermal insulation material and its width, but also to the choice of the window frame material. In that way, Mathematical Programming (MP) models for the optimization of such criteria were developed. The General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) was used to model these problems and the BARON solver was used to solve them. The respective MP models include mixed integer nonlinear programming problems, multiple objective functions, as well as multi-criteria techniques such as goal programming. According to the results, the increase of the envelope thermal protection implies that the economic and environmental costs are higher, displaying the importance of criteria compensation. For smoothing the conflicting criteria, a weighting sensitivity analysis was conducted, showing that reference optimal values are formed for certain ranges of weights, elaborating the framework of decision-making without having to precisely prescribe them beforehand. All in all, the use of the optimization models can improve and facilitate the building design process by analyzing the advantages and drawbacks of the various materials/technologies and allowing the comparative evaluation of the considered alternatives.
High-resolution and localized parametric embodied impact calculator of PV systems
Authors: Galimshina Alina , Hollberg Alexander , McCarty Justin , Waibel Christoph , Schlueter Arno 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Buildings are responsible for a large amount of greenhouse gas emissions in the world. In order to decarbonize the electricity grid and reduce the environmental impact of the building stock, photovoltaic panels can be installed. However, in order to assess the environmental impact of PVs, the whole life cycle has to be considered including embodied emissions. Several options for photovoltaics exist on the market or are under development including silicon-based panels, thin films, and third generation panels. Currently, many configurations of the panels exist making it difficult to estimate the embodied impact. The goal of this paper is to close this gap by providing a parametric PV carbon calculator for designers and decision-makers. In this study, the embodied impact of different PV types and configurations is assessed. First, the life cycle inventories data and bill of quantities for different generations’ panel types are gathered. Second, life cycle impact assessment is performed. The results of the analysis are presented in a form of a software application allowing users to select the panel’s composition, e.g., frame and glass type, cell type, encapsulant, etc. The developed application will assist in understanding the impact of choices made in regards to PV systems and will support engineers and architects in the selection of the photovoltaic panels from embodied impact perspective.
Using data-driven indoor temperature setpoints in energy simulations of existing buildings: a Swedish case study
Authors: Teli D , Dalenbäck JO , Psomas T , Langer S 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Building energy analyses of large samples or building stocks commonly use National building stock temperature averages in their calculations. However, such averages may not be representative of the conditions in a specific building type and may mask meaningful information found at building or dwelling level. Analysis of indoor temperature data from the Swedish housing stock showed that 25% out of approximately 1000 dwellings were heated at a temperature ≥23°C in wintertime. If indoor temperature management is considered as a potential energy saving measure for the building stock it may be more effective to explore implementation in these specific dwellings, than considering average temperature reduction across the entire building stock. This however would require more detailed input data on indoor temperatures. Would such an approach be worthwhile? To answer this question, two types of Swedish multifamily buildings were simulated with i) business-as-usual scenarios and ii) setpoints based on indoor temperature data from the last Swedish National Survey. The study shows that using data-driven, dwelling-specific indoor temperatures could lead to more effective decision making on indoor temperature management, targeting buildings and dwellings where temperature reduction would most likely cause the least compromise on comfort. Such a strategy however should be complementary to a wider plan of improved energy efficiency measures across the building stock.
Wintertime patterns of residential electricity use and indoor temperature in the composite climate of India
Authors: Gupta Rajat , Gregg Matt , Antony Anu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Wintertime electricity use in India has received little attention due to the growth of residential air conditioning (AC) in the summer and monsoon seasons. This paper combines monitoring (time-series) and survey (contextual) data to examine the wintertime pattern of daily electricity current, indoor temperature, and relative humidity profiles across a sample of 64 dwellings in the city of Hyderabad representing the composite climate of India. Monitoring data were recorded for 31 days (December 2021 with a mean daily outdoor temperature of 25°C) using a CT clamp meter and Bluetooth enabled sensors. Contextual data covered dwelling and household characteristics, and use of appliances. The winter peak period of electricity use was found to occur from 6:30-10:30 in the morning, likely to be for hot water (geysers) and cooking. This is different to the late evening/night-time peak observed in the summer due to use of air conditioning (AC). Only one dwelling showed potential signs of using space heating. Higher electricity use aligned with lower peak temperatures in some homes particularly in the high-income group, indicating the potential use of AC during winter. The wintertime morning electricity peak in India could be managed using thermal stores in geysers through pre-heating which could also offer demand response opportunities.
The energy refurbishment of typical school buildings in Cyprus following an integrated methodology
Authors: Kyritsi E , Kyriakidis A , Philippou M , Stephanou R , Savva M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
School buildings account for a significant percentage of public buildings in Cyprus. Most of them have been constructed before the establishment of any energy efficiency regulations, constituting thus, aged and high-consuming premises. Therefore, energy refurbishment of school buildings can have a significant impact on the overall energy consumption of the public building sector contributing thus, to the European Union targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, improving energy efficiency, and increasing the use of Renewable Energy Sources (RES). Energy refurbishment of school buildings should focus not only on minimizing energy consumption and increasing renewable energy production but also on improving thermal comfort and indoor conditions, to create a healthier and more productive environment for the pupils. In addition to that, actions regarding the enhancement of sustainable mobility are also considered to fulfil the requirements of the 2018/844/EU directive. This article presents the retrofit solutions proposed for the energy refurbishment of a high school building in Nicosia, Cyprus in the framework of a European-funded project aiming to create Nearly Zero Energy school buildings and to promote sustainable mobility. Normative requirements, operational conditions, and indoor environmental issues based on in-situ observations were considered for the selection of the most appropriate interventions. The proposed measures are expected to reduce the primary energy consumption of the building by 33.908 kWh/a, equal to 55%, whilst significantly improving the Indoor Environment Quality (IEQ).