bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Technical and Economic Properties of Additively Manufactured Components Using Masked Stereolithography and Fused Layer Modeling
Authors: Junk Stefan , Bär Felix 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Additive manufacturing with plastics enables the production of lightweight and resilient components with a high degree of design freedom. In the low-cost sector, Material Extrusion as Fused Layer Modeling (FLM) has so far been the leading method, as it offers simple 3D printers and a variety of inexpensive 3D materials. However, printing times for 6FLM are very long and dimensional accuracy and surface finish are rather poor. Recently, new processes from the field of Vat Polymerization have appeared on the market, such as masked Stereolithography (mSLA), which offer a significant improvement in component quality and build speed at equally favorable machine costs.
This paper therefore analyzes the technical and economic capabilities of the two competing additive processes. For this purpose, the achievable dimensional and surface qualities are determined using a test specimen which represents various important geometry elements. In addition, the machine and material costs are determined and compared with each other. Finally, the resulting environmental impact is determined in the form of the CO2 footprint. In order to optimize the strength of the printed components, material properties of the tensile specimens produced additively with mSLA are determined. The use of ABS-like resins will also be investigated to determine optimal processing settings.
The Role of an Individual Lack-of-Fusion Defect in the Fatigue Performance of Additive Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V Part
Authors: Li Zongchen , Gut Andre , Burda Iurii , Michel Silvain , Romancuk Dejan , Affolter Christian 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Additive manufacturing techniques have made AM Ti-6Al-4V parts a reality in many industries. However, despite the optimism, their poor fatigue performance especially in high cycle regime is the major hurdle for the industry accepting it as mainstream. One of the reasons owes to the widely distributed internal defects inherent to the AM process, which create a hotbed for fatigue crack initiation. Available investigations on lack of fusions, regarded as the most detrimental defects, are very limited. Regarding this, we conducted finite element analysis to evaluate the fatigue performance of Ti-6Al-4V alloys with an individual lack-of-fusion defect. Three different lack-of-fusion defects, directly scanned from Selective Laser Melting Ti-6Al-4V coupons using Micro-Computed Tomography with different geometry features, have been numerically analyzed. We compare the mechanical results (e.g., stress, strain, and elastic stress concentration factors) of the lack-of-fusion defects to the results of gas-entrapped pores, which share the same height and the same volume, to reveal the detriment of lack-of-fusion defects. Furthermore, we conduct a parametric study on lack-of-fusion defects orientation and size, as well as the aspect ratios. The results provide a better understanding of the mechanical behavior of the lack-of-fusion defects in additive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V alloys, paving the way for further research of additive manufactured metallic alloys.
Exploring Augmented Reality for Teaching Design for Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Melo Gustavo , Ravi Rohit , Jauer Lucas , Schleifenbaum Johannes Henrich 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Additive Manufacturing (AM) has a great potential of disrupting product design and supply chains in many industries by means of its unique capabilities when compared to traditional manufacturing. A wide range of designers would like to take advantage of AM to improve their designs, but they need assistance in learning and breaking out of their conventional manufacturing mindset in the early phases of the design process. Therefore, this study explores the use of Augmented Reality (AR) to enhance the learning experience of the existing Design Heuristics for Additive Manufacturing using Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM) cards. In this study, we propose a modification of DfAM cards to include AR markers into the existing card design and hence provide a comprehensive visualization along with the information about heuristics and examples on the DfAM cards. This helps the user to understand the real-world structure of the final printed product before it is printed. The cross-platform game engine Unity is used for developing the AR models for this research. We also investigate the advantages that AR can provide as a visual interface. An expert review is conducted to obtain development feedback and a trial training session with students is carried out. The student evaluated positively the use of the AR app in their DfAM lecture and exercise.
Student Athletes’ Causal Attributions for Sport and School Achievement in Relation to Sport Dropout and Grade Point Average
Authors: Saarinen Milla , Bertram Raymond , Aunola Kaisa , Pankkonen Julia , Ryba Tatiana V. 
Published: January 2023

The present study longitudinally examined stability and change in the attributional profiles of Finnish student athletes (n = 391) in upper secondary sport schools. Moreover, it examined the extent to which these profiles, and changes in them, were associated with athletes’ level of sport competition and school achievements and dropouts at the end of upper secondary sport school. Using latent profile analysis, five different and highly stable attributional profiles were identified for student athletes: (a) depressive (6.9%), (b) athletic self-serving (23.0%), (c) average (16.4%), (d) learned helplessness (30.9%), and (e) responsible (22.8%). The results further showed that over the 3-year study period, the responsible attributional style, wherein individuals take responsibility for successes and failures, predicted student athletes’ subsequent high grade point average and low sport dropout rates even after controlling for the impacts of their earlier grade point average, gender, and type of sport.
Supplemental Material: Systematic vertical organization of matrix-rich and associated matrix-poor sandstones in ancient deep-marine slope and basin-floor deposits
Authors: Ningthoujam J. , al. et 
Published: January 2023

<p>Interpreted drone photomosaics and associated correlation panels of stratigraphic sections from the Windermere Supergroup and the Cloridorme Formation showing locations of Figures 8, 9, and 10. </p>
Supplemental Material: Mineralization and genesis of the orogenic gold system in the Kalamaili area, East Junggar, Xinjiang, northwestern China
Authors: Gu Xuexiang , et al.  
Published: January 2023

<p>Figure S1: Field photographs of regional deformation. Figure S2: Jinshuiquan fluid inclusions. Figure S3: Nanmingshui fluid inclusions. Figure S4: Sujiquandong fluid inclusions. Table S1: Concentrations of Trace Elements in Quartz from the Gold Deposits at Kalamaili. Table S2: LA-ICP-MS U-Pb Dating Results of Zircons from the Auriferous Quartz Vein in the Nanmingshui Gold Deposit. Table S3: Rare Earth Element (REE) Concentrations of Zircons from the Auriferous Quartz Vein in the Nanmingshui Gold Deposit.</p>
Structural Mechanism of Ionic Conductivity of the TRPV1 Channel
Authors: Trofimov Yu. A. , Minakov A. S. , Krylov N. A. , Efremov R. G. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The so-called “hydrophobic gating” is widely discussed as a putative mechanism to control water and ion conduction via ion channels. This effect can occur in narrow areas of the channels pore lined by non-polar residues. In the closed state of the channel, such regions may spontaneously transit to a dehydrated state to block water and ions transport without full pore occlusion. In the open state, the hydrophobic gate is wide enough to provide sustainable hydration and conduction. Apparently, the transport through the open hydrophobic gate may by facilitated by some polar residues that assist polar/charged substances to overcome the energy barrier created by nonpolar environment. In this work, we investigated the behavior of Na+ ions and their hydration shells in the open pore of the rat TRPV1 ion channel by molecular dynamics simulations. We show that polar protein groups coordinate water molecules in such a way as to restore the hydration shell of ions in the hydrophobic gate that ensures ion transport through the gate in a fully hydrated state.
PARP1 Gene Knockout Suppresses Expression of DNA Base Excision Repair Genes
Authors: Zakharenko A. L. , Malakhova A. A. , Dyrkheeva N. S. , Okorokova L. S. , Medvedev S. P. , Zakian S. M. , Kabilov M. R. , Tupikin A. A. , Lavrik O. I. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The effect of PARP1 knockout in HEK293 cells on the gene expression of DNA base excision repair (BER) proteins was studied. It was shown that the expression of all differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of BER was reduced by knockout. The expression of the DNA glycosylase gene NEIL1, which is considered to be one of the common “hubs” for binding BER proteins, has changed the most. The expression of genes of auxiliary subunits of DNA polymerases δ and ε is also significantly reduced. The PARP1 gene knockout cell line obtained is an adequate cell model for studying the activity of the BER process in the absence of PARP1 and testing drugs aimed at inhibiting repair processes. It has been found for the first time that knockout of the PARP1 gene results in a significant change in the level of expression of proteins responsible for ribosome biogenesis and the functioning of the proteasome.
Incubation of Lymphocytes with IL-2 Causes the Appearance of Antitumor T Cells Carrying FC, CD25, and LFA-1 on the Surface
Authors: Ivanova O. K. , Sharapova T. N. , Romanova E. A. , Yashin D. V. , Sashchenko L. P. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
To carry out antitumor activity against cells that have lost surface antigens, human lymphocytes must have a certain repertoire of surface proteins capable of contacting a tumor cell and inducing programmed cell death in it. In this work, we showed that activation of healthy donor cells by IL-2 cytokine within 6 days causes the appearance of FasL, CD25, and LFA-1 proteins on CD8+CD25+ T lymphocytes, and also converts the LFA-1 protein into an active form having a high affinity for its target, ICAM-1 integrin. The appearance of these proteins on the surface of this subpopulation of lymphocytes allows them to induce programmed cell death in HLA-negative tumor cells.
Influence of Tyrosyl-DNA Phosphodiesterase 1 Inhibitor on the Proapoptotic and Genotoxic Effects of Anticancer Agent Topotecan
Authors: Chepanova A. A. , Zakharenko A. L. , Dyrkheeva N. S. , Chernyshova I. A. , Zakharova O. D. , Ilina E. S. , Luzina O. A. , Salakhutdinov N. F. , Lavrik O. I. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
To date, various strategies have been proposed to increase the efficiency of cancer therapy. It is known that the action of DNA repair system can determine the resistance of cancer cells to DNA-damaging chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and one of these ways to increase therapeutic efficiency is the search for inhibitors of enzymes of the DNA repair system. Inhibition of the DNA repair enzyme tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase1 (Tdp1) leads to an increase in the effectiveness of the topoisomerase 1 (Top1) inhibitor, the anticancer drug topotecan. Covalent complexes Top1-DNA, which are normally short-lived and are not a threat to the cell, are stabilized under the influence of topotecan and lead to cell death. Tdp1 eliminates such stabilized complexes and thus weaken the effect of topotecan therapy. We have previously shown that the use of the usnic acid hydrazonothiazole derivative OL9-119 in combination with topotecan increased the antitumor and antimetastatic efficacy of the latter in a mouse model of Lewis lung carcinoma. In this work, it was shown that the combined use of topotecan and Tdp1 inhibitor, the hydrazonothiazole derivative of usnic acid OL9-119, leads to an increase in the DNA-damaging effect of topotecan which is used in the clinic for the treatment of cancer. The study of the proapoptotic effect of the compound OL9-119 showed that the compound itself does not induce apoptosis, but increases the proapoptotic effect of topotecan. The results of the study could be used to improve the effectiveness of anticancer therapy and/or to reduce the therapeutic dose of topotecan and, therefore, the severity of side effects.
Qualitative study of practices and attitudes towards physical activity among prediabetic men and women in urban and rural Malawi
Authors: Banda Jethro , Bunn Christopher , Crampin Amelia C , Gill Jason M R , Gray Cindy M 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesGiven the decline in physical activity levels in Malawi, like other sub-Saharan African countries, and its implication for non-communicable disease (NCD) prevention, this study aimed to compare and contrast accounts of practices and attitudes towards physical activity among Malawian men and women (previously identified as having pre-diabetes) in urban and rural settings.SettingTwo communities: one urban (Lilongwe) and one rural (Karonga).Participants14 men (urban N=6, rural N=8) and 18 women (urban N=9, rural N=9) classified as prediabetic during their participation in an NCD survey 3-5 years previously.DesignA qualitative focus group study (N=4) and thematic analysis, with the ecological model used as a framework to characterise the types of physical activity people engaged in and potential ways to support them to exercise more.ResultsParticipants reported undertaking different types of physical activity across all ecological model domains (household, occupational, transport, recreational). Rural participants reported more vigorous physical activities than urban participants, and women reported more household activities than men. Many participants recognised a need to promote physical activity in Malawi, and the health benefits of doing so, including the importance of physical activity in helping them stay strong to maintain physical functioning. Barriers to physical activity included competing priorities (especially urban men), societal expectations around wealth, use of motorised transport, lack of accessible facilities for women, ageing and ill health.ConclusionsPhysical activity is declining in Malawi as working and transport practices change in response to economic development, making promotion of alternative forms of physical activity a public health priority. Multilevel interventions emphasising the personal benefits/value of physical activity for all ages, and routine and group-based exercising, as well as investment in accessible recreational facilities (including for women) and active travel infrastructure should be considered to improve physical activity levels in Malawi.
Current situation and future directions of lung cancer risk factor awareness in Palestine: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Elshami Mohamedraed , Mansour Ahmad , Alser Mohammed , Al-Slaibi Ibrahim , Abukmail Hanan , Shurrab Hanan , Qassem Shahd , Usrof Faten Darwish , Alruzayqat Malik , Aqel Wafa , Nairoukh Roba , Kittaneh Rahaf , Sawafta Nawras , Habes Yousef M N , Ghanim Obaida , Aabed Wesam Almajd , Omar Ola , Daraghmeh Motaz , Aljbour Jomana , Elian Razan E M , Zhor Areen , Habes Haneen , Al-Dadah Mohammed , Abu-El-Noor Nasser , Bottcher Bettina 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesTo evaluate lung cancer (LC) risk factor awareness among Palestinians and identify factors associated with good awareness.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingsParticipants were recruited using convenience sampling from hospitals, primary healthcare centres (PHCs) and public spaces located at 11 governorates in Palestine.ParticipantsOf 5174 approached, 4817 participants completed the questionnaire (response rate=93.1%). A total of 4762 questionnaires were included: 2742 from the West Bank and Jerusalem (WBJ) and 2020 from the Gaza Strip. Exclusion criteria were working or studying in a health-related field, having a nationality other than Palestinian and visiting oncology departments or clinics at the time of data collection.ToolA modified version of the validated LC Awareness Measure was used for data collection.Primary and secondary outcomesThe primary outcome was LC risk factor awareness level as determined by the number of factors recognised: poor (0–3), fair (4–7) and good (8–10). Secondary outcomes include the recognition of each LC risk factor.ResultsSmoking-related risk factors were more often recognised than other LC risk factors. The most recognised risk factors were ‘smoking cigarettes’ (n=4466, 93.8%) and ‘smoking shisha (waterpipes)’ (n=4337, 91.1%). The least recognised risk factors were ‘having a close relative with LC’ (n=2084, 43.8%) and ‘having had treatment for any cancer in the past’ (n=2368, 49.7%).A total of 2381 participants (50.0%) displayed good awareness of LC risk factors. Participants from the WBJ and the Gaza Strip had similar likelihood to display good awareness (50.6% vs 49.1%). Being≥45 years, having higher education and monthly income, knowing someone with cancer and visiting hospitals and PHCs seemed to have a positive impact on displaying good awareness.ConclusionHalf of study participants displayed good awareness of LC risk factors. Educational interventions are warranted to further improve public awareness of LC risk factors, especially those unrelated to smoking.
Implementation and clinical utility of a Computer-Aided Risk Score for Mortality (CARM): a qualitative study
Authors: Dyson Judith , McCrorie Carolyn , Benn Jonathan , Richardson Donald , Marsh Claire , Bowskill Gill , Double Keith , Gallagher Jean , Faisal Muhammad , Mohammed Mohammed A 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesThe Computer-Aided Risk Score for Mortality (CARM) estimates the risk of in-hospital mortality following acute admission to the hospital by automatically amalgamating physiological measures, blood tests, gender, age and COVID-19 status. Our aims were to implement the score with a small group of practitioners and understand their first-hand experience of interacting with the score in situ.DesignPilot implementation evaluation study involving qualitative interviews.SettingThis study was conducted in one of the two National Health Service hospital trusts in the North of England in which the score was developed.ParticipantsMedical, older person and ICU/anaesthetic consultants and specialist grade registrars (n=116) and critical outreach nurses (n=7) were given access to CARM. Nine interviews were conducted in total, with eight doctors and one critical care outreach nurse.InterventionsParticipants were given access to the CARM score, visible after login to the patients’ electronic record, along with information about the development and intended use of the score.ResultsFour themes and 14 subthemes emerged from reflexive thematic analysis: (1) current use (including support or challenge clinical judgement and decision making, communicating risk of mortality and professional curiosity); (2) barriers and facilitators to use (including litigation, resource needs, perception of the evidence base, strengths and limitations), (3) implementation support needs (including roll-out and integration, access, training and education); and (4) recommendations for development (including presentation and functionality and potential additional data). Barriers and facilitators to use, and recommendations for development featured highly across most interviews.ConclusionOur in situ evaluation of the pilot implementation of CARM demonstrated its scope in supporting clinical decision making and communicating risk of mortality between clinical colleagues and with service users. It suggested to us barriers to implementation of the score. Our findings may support those seeking to develop, implement or improve the adoption of risk scores.
Environment and chronic disease in rural areas of Heilongjiang, China (ECDRAHC)
Authors: Jiang Yuting , Feng Hongqi , Jiao Zhe , Du Yang , Li Yuanyuan , Liu Xiaona , Tong Simeng , Shao Xinhua , Li BingYun , Sun Hongna , Meng Fangang , Shen Yuncheng , Li Mang , Zhao Qiaoshi , Li Dandan , Gao Lin , Fu Xiaoyan , Li Fuyuan , Cui Silu , Zhang Liwei , Zhang Xiaoye , Liu Lixiang , Cao Yanhong , Sun Yafei , Zhu Chenpeng , Sun Dianjun , Zhang Wei , Gao Yanhui 
Published: January 2023

PurposeEnvironmental factors such as long-term exposure to cold can increase the risk of chronic diseases. However, few studies have focused on the impact of environmental factors and lifestyle changes on chronic diseases. To fully explore the association between exposure to environmental factors and the prevalent risk of various chronic diseases, we conducted a large cohort study (Environment and Chronic Disease in Rural Areas of Heilongjiang, China (ECDRAHC)). The ECDRAHC collected detailed questionnaire data covering 10 sections, physical measurements and blood and urine samples. In this study, we describe the design and implementation of the cohort study and present the findings for the first 10 000 participants.ParticipantsThe ECDRAHC study was carried out in rural areas where the annual average temperature is 2.9°C, and aimed to recruit 40 000 participants who are long-term residents aged 35–74 years. The participants will be followed up every 5 years. Currently, ECDRAHC has reached 26.7% (n=10 694) of the targeted population.Findings to dateA total of 10 694 adults aged 35–74 years were recruited, including 61.7% women. The prevalence of current smokers was 46.8% in men and 35.4% in women. The mean blood pressure was 140.2/89.9 mm Hg and 135.7/85.0 mm Hg in men and women, respectively. The mean body mass index was 24.74 kg/m2in men and 24.65 kg/m2in women, with >7.3% being obese (>30 kg/m2). The main non-communicable diseases found in phase 1 were hypertension, diabetes, hypertriglyceridaemia and metabolic syndrome, with a higher prevalence of 51.0%, 21.6%, 46.8% and 42.6%, respectively.Future plansWe plan to complete the follow-up for the first phase of the ECDRAHC in 2024. The second and third phase of the cohort will be carried out steadily, as planned. This cohort will be used to investigate the relationship between environmental factors, lifestyle, and genetic and common chronic diseases.