bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vocal Cord Paralysis after Repair of Esophageal Atresia
Authors: Koivusalo A.I. , Suominen J.S. , Nokso-Koivisto J. , Pakarinen M.P. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective Etiology of vocal cord paralysis (VCP) and laryngeal dysfunction may be congenital or surgical trauma of recurrent and superior laryngeal nerves. We assessed the incidence, risk factors, and morbidity of VCP after repair of esophageal atresia (EA).
Methods Medical records of 201 EA patients from 2000 to 2022 were reviewed for this retrospective study. Postrepair vocal cord examination (VCE) included awake nasolaryngeal fiberoscopy by otolaryngologist or laryngoscopy under spontaneous breathing anesthesia. Before 2017, postoperative VCE was performed in symptomatic patients only and routinely after 2017.
Main Results Overall, VCE was performed on 79 (38%) patients (52 asymptomatic), whereas 122 asymptomatic patients underwent no VCE. VCP was diagnosed in 32 of 79 patients (right 12, left 10, and bilateral 10; symptomatic 25 and asymptomatic unilateral 7) corresponding with extrapolated overall VCP incidence of 16 to 24% among 201 patients including asymptomatic ones. Ten patients (bilateral VCP 8 and left VCP 2) required tracheostomy. Of 10 patients with bilateral VCP, three underwent laryngotracheal expansion surgery (left VC lateralization in one and laryngoplasty in two with acquired subglottic stenosis), three remained tracheostomy dependent, three were off tracheostomy, and one died of complications after redo esophageal reconstruction. All patients with unilateral VCP managed without tracheostomy. Cervical dissection or ostomy formation was a major risk factor of VCP.
Conclusion Repair of EA is associated with a considerable risk of VCP and associated morbidity. Cervical EA surgery significantly increased the risk of VCP. Bilateral VCP may eventually require laryngotracheal expansion surgery.
Role of nanoscale compositional inhomogeneities in limiting the open circuit voltage in Cu(In,Ga)S2 solar cells
Authors: Peedle Sean , Adeleye Damilola , Shukla Sudhanshu , Siebentritt Susanne , Oliver Rachel , Kusch Gunnar 
Published: September 2023

As Si-based solar cell technologies approach their theoretical efficiency limits, alternative photovoltaic systems, such as tandem solar cells, are gathering increased attention due to their potential to reach higher efficiencies by better use of the solar spectrum. Cu(In,Ga)S2 (CIGS) is a promising material for the top cell due to its large, tunable bandgap energy (Eg), stability, and already established high efficiencies. However, the deficit in open circuit voltage is still large; therefore, an improved understanding of the efficiency losses is required. Scanning electron microscopy cathodoluminescence was used to study the role of the polycrystalline nature for radiative recombination in CIGS samples of varying Cu-content. Considerable differences between neighboring grains were observed in the emission energy and the emission intensity, with significant drops in emission energy at the grain boundaries. Lateral homogeneity in the near band edge (NBE) energy was found to reduce for samples with Cu-poor compositions, with its standard deviation halving (σNBE ∼ 20 meV) compared to the more stoichiometric films (σNBE ∼ 50 meV), which corresponds to an open circuit voltage loss contribution that is nearly an order of magnitude lower. Such inhomogeneities can be attributed mainly to local variations of the Ga concentration. Hence, the differences between the samples could be explained by the different deposition times at elevated temperature allowing for different extents of homogeneity. Thus, Cu-poor films are not only favorable because of lower concentrations of deep defects but also because of reduced bandgap variations.
Preliminary results of the 105 GHz collective Thomson scattering system on HL-2A
Authors: Deng W. C. , Shi Z. B. , Shi P. W. , Yang Z. C. , Chen W. , Huang M. , Zhang F. , Yu X. , Jiang M. , Wen J. , Liang A. S. , Shen Y. Q. , Zhou Y. , Tong R. H. , Zhong W. L. 
Published: September 2023

A 105 GHz collective Thomson scattering (CTS) diagnostic has been successfully developed for fast-ion measurements on the HL-2A tokamak, and it has been deployed during an experimental campaign. Enhanced signals exhibiting synchronous modulation characteristics have been observed across all CTS channels upon the launch of a modulated probe wave. Results show that the intensity of the CTS signal increases with Neutral Beam Injection (NBI) power and is proportional to neutron count, indicating that the scattering signal contains a contribution from fast ions. Compared with the signal without NBI, the enhanced scattering spectrum due to NBI is slightly wider than the predicted fast ion range. Such broadening might be attributed to the heating effects of the gyrotron.
Correlation between crystallite size, resistance to oxidation, and phase transformation of germanium-doped Fe3O4 nanocrystalline thin films by using a sputtering target of α-Fe2O3
Authors: Abe Seishi 
Published: September 2023

We investigated the correlation between the crystallite size, resistance to oxidation, and phase transition of Ge-doped Fe3O4 nanocrystalline thin films. We prepared thin films on water-cooled glass substrates by radiofrequency sputtering with Ge-tipped α-Fe2O3 ceramic disks as targets. The addition of Ge caused a reductive phase transition from α-Fe2O3 with a corundum structure to Ge-doped Fe3O4 with an inverse spinel structure, resulting in a crystallite size of &lt;10 nm. We annealed three samples with average sizes of 5, 8, and 10 nm by changing Ge addition concentrations at 673 K in air for up to 323 days until reaching near-thermal equilibrium. All samples maintained their magnetization at almost a constant value over long-term heat treatment. The results of Raman spectroscopy and optical transmittance spectroscopy suggest that there was a phase transition to Ge-doped γ-Fe2O3 at 5 nm, Ge-doped Fe3−δO4 with iron vacancies δ at 8 nm, and Ge-doped Fe3O4 at 10 nm. In other words, we retained Fe3O4 down to a relatively small crystallite size of 10 nm because of the improved oxidation resistance imparted by Ge doping.
Efficiency of charge transfer in changing the dissociation dynamics of OD+ transients formed after the photo-fragmentation of D2O
Authors: Iskandar W. , Rescigno T. N. , Orel A. E. , Severt T. , Larsen K. A. , Streeter Z. L. , Jochim B. , Griffin B. , Call D. , Davis V. , McCurdy C. W. , Lucchese R. R. , Williams J. B. , Ben-Itzhak I. , Slaughter D. S. , Weber Th. 
Published: September 2023

We present an investigation of the relaxation dynamics of deuterated water molecules after direct photo-double ionization at 61 eV. We focus on the very rare D+ + O+ + D reaction channel in which the sequential fragmentation mechanisms were found to dominate the dynamics. Aided by theory, the state-selective formation and breakup of the transient OD+(a1Δ, b1Σ+) is traced, and the most likely dissociation path—OD+: a1Δ or b1Σ+ → A 3Π → X 3Σ− → B 3Σ−—involving a combination of spin–orbit and non-adiabatic charge transfer transitions is determined. The multi-step transition probability of this complex transition sequence in the intermediate fragment ion is directly evaluated as a function of the energy of the transient OD+ above its lowest dissociation limit from the measured ratio of the D+ + O+ + D and competing D+ + D+ + O sequential fragmentation channels, which are measured simultaneously. Our coupled-channel time-dependent dynamics calculations reproduce the general trends of these multi-state relative transition rates toward the three-body fragmentation channels.
Discovery of the Baijifeng impact structure in Tonghua, Jilin, China
Authors: Chen Ming , Lu Yang , Ning Jiahao , Yang Wenge , Shu Jinfu , Mao Ho-kwang 
Published: September 2023

An impact structure 1400 m in diameter, formed by a bolide impact, has been discovered on Baijifeng Mountain in Tonghua City in Northeast China’s Jilin province. The impact structure takes the form of a cirque-shaped depression on the top of the mountain and is located in a basement mainly composed of Proterozoic sandstone and Jurassic granite. A large number of rock fragments composed mainly of sandstone, with a small amount of granite, are distributed on the top of Baijifeng Mountain. Planar deformation features (PDFs) have been found in quartz in the rock and mineral clasts collected from the surface inside the depression. The forms of the PDFs indexed in the quartz include among others, {101̄3}, {101̄2}, and {101̄1}. The presence of these PDFs provides diagnostic evidence for shock metamorphism and the impact origin of the structure. The impact event took place after the Jurassic Period and probably much later.
The effect of Mn on structural, magnetic and magnetoresistance properties of Ni–Mn–Sb Heusler melt spun ribbons under extreme conditions
Authors: Sivaprakash P , Esakki Muthu S , Saravanan C , Rao N V Rama , Kim Ikhyun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Ni50 − x
Mn37 + x
Sb13 (NMS (x = 4–6)) melt-spun Heusler ribbon was fabricated by employing the arc melting technique. Also, the electrical, structural, and magnetic characteristics of melt-spun alloy ribbons with chemically increased Mn (a decrease in Ni concentration) content are also being investigated. Further, it has been noticed that, the Curie temperatures of the austenitic (T
C
A) phase and the martensitic phase transition temperature (T
M) are both shifted toward higher temperatures, by increasing the amount of Mn under 500 Oe (0.05 T) of applied magnetic fields. The discontinuity of field cooling (FC) and zero field cooling (ZFC) curves reveals the irreversibility of magnetization caused by inhomogeneous magnetic anisotropy lower the exchange bias (EB) (blocking bias) temperature. Furthermore, the disappearance of exchange bias (EB) in ribbon alloys with increasing temperature is supported by the fact that coercivity (H
C) gradually increases with temperature and increases at 40 K, and then decreases with temperature. Additionally, a −ΔS
Max of −5.21 Jkg−1·K−1 for a ribbon with x = 6 is acquired at 312 K with a 50 kOe (5 T) change in the applied magnetic field. Increases in Mn content result in −ΔS
M values in NMS alloy ribbons of −4.3, −4.7, and −5.2 Jkg−1·K−1 and the same trend is observed in negative magneto-resistance ((−MR) (%)) values of −9%, −11%, and −14% for x = 4–6, respectively. Here, the super zone boundary that is close to the Fermi surface is responsible for the change in −MR.
Size and density control of skyrmions with picometer CoFeB thickness variations—observation of zero-field skyrmions and skyrmion merging
Authors: Denker Christian , Nielsen Sören , Lage Enno , Römer-Stumm Malte , Heyen Hauke , Junk Yannik , Walowski Jakob , Waldorf Konrad , Münzenberg Markus , McCord Jeffrey 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The controlled formation and adjustment of size and density of magnetic skyrmions in Ta/CoFeB/MgO trilayers with low Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction is demonstrated. Close to the out-of-plane to in-plane magnetic spin reorientation transition, we find that small energy contributions enable skyrmion formation in a narrow window of 20 pm in CoFeB thickness. Zero-field stable skyrmions are established with proper magnetic field initialization within a 10 pm CoFeB thickness range. Using magneto-optical imaging with quantitative image processing, variations in skyrmion distribution and diameter are analyzed quantitatively, the latter for sizes well below the optical resolution limit. We demonstrate the controlled merging of individual skyrmions. The overall demonstrated degree of comprehension of skyrmion control aids to the development of envisioned skyrmion based magnetic memory devices.
Improvement of leakage, magnetic and magnetodielectric properties in cobalt doped gallium ferrite
Authors: Jana Ishita , Hait Swarnali , Mandal Kalyan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Gallium ferrite (GFO) is a magnetoelectric (ME) material, capturing growing attention due to its strong ME coupling at room temperature. However, the application of the material in practical use is hindered due to its high leakage. In this work, the effects of cobalt (Co) substitution at the iron (Fe) sites of GaFe1−x
Co
x
O3 (0.0 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.1) polycrystals on the structure, electric and magnetic properties are investigated in detail. 5 at. wt.% substitution (x = 0.05) with cobalt ions achieves a reduction in leakage current density by four orders of magnitude due to reduced hopping between Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions and suppression of the oxygen vacancy formation. This is supported by higher dielectric constant and lower dielectric loss, as well as a significant difference between grain and grain boundary resistances. Two-phase-like magnetic behavior in magnetic hysteresis loop with enhanced magnetization and two magnetic transition temperatures are observed in the doped samples. All samples exhibited an increase in the magnetodielectric factor, indicating enhanced coupling between magnetic and electrical parameters. By concurrently increasing dielectric, magnetic, and coupling between them, this study describes a viable technique for lowering the most significant impediment to GFO’s usage as a ME device.
Role of V–V dimerization on electronic and magnetic properties of ilmenite-type CoVO3
Authors: Cui Rui , Jiang Hongping , Xu Yuanhui , Yu Shengxue , Sun Keju , Hao Xianfeng 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Structural, electronic and magnetic properties of ilmenite-type CoVO3 have been explored via the generalized gradient approximation + effective Hubbard U
eff correction, in the framework of density functional theory. Our results indicate that high temperature rhombohedral

R

3
ˉ

phase is metallic with oxidation states and electronic configurations Co2+ (

t

2
g

↑
3

e
g

↑
2

t

2
g

↓
2

e
g

↓
0

), V4+ (

t

2
g

↑
1

e
g

↑
0

t

2
g

↓
0

e
g

↓
0

), respectively, while low temperature triclinic

P

1
ˉ

phase, induced from spin-Peierls transition in the V–V dimerization manner, is insulating, maintaining charge and electronic states unchanged. Furthermore, the A-type antiferromagnetic ordering, where the ferromagnetic honeycomb layers are anti-aligned along the stacking axis, is identified to be the magnetic ground state for the low temperature phase, in nice agreement with experimental findings, analogous to CoTiO3. The unexpected intralayer ferromagnetic couplings can be attributed to the intraorbital t2g
−t2g
exchange coupling, which was assumed to be small earlier and ignored, but actually large in honeycomb cobaltates with 3d
7 electronic configuration. In addition, the computed magnetic moment on Co2+ ion ranges from 2.5 to 2.7 μ
B, Hubbard U
eff dependent, close to ideal S = 3/2 state, rather than the anticipated J
eff = 1/2 state. Furthermore, the supplemental calculations, taking spin-orbit coupling (SOC) into account, uncover faint orbital moments of 0.21–0.27 μ
B at the Co site, illustrating the insignificance of SOC. Except for the inevitable trigonal distortions, the excessive structural distortion triggered by the formation V–V dimerization, i.e. the breaking of trigonal symmetry around Co2+, further lifts the degeneracy of t
2g
orbitals and increases crystal field splitting, driving it away from potential candidates for realizing Kitaev model physics.
First-principles study on the specific heat jump in the glass transition of silica glass and the Prigogine-Defay ratio
Authors: Shirai Koun , Watanabe Kota , Momida Hiroyoshi , Hyun Sangil 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The most important characteristic of glass transition is a jump in the specific heat

Δ

C

p

. Despite its significance, no standard theory exists to describe it. In this study, first-principles molecular-dynamics simulations are used to describe the glass transition of silica glass. The novel view that state variables are extended to include the equilibrium positions of atoms

{

R

ˉ

j

}

is fully used in analyzing the simulation results. Decomposing the internal energy into three components (structural, phonon, and thermal expansion energies) reveals that the jump

Δ

C

p

of silica glass is entirely determined by the component of structural energy. The reason for the small

Δ

C

p

is its high glass-transition temperature, which makes the fluctuation in the structural energy insensitive to the temperature change. This significantly affects how the Prigogine-Defay ratio Π is interpreted, which was previously unknown. The ratio Π represents the ratio of the total energy change to the contribution of thermal expansion energy at the glass transition. The general property, Π> 1, of glasses indicates that glass transitions occur mainly via the change in the structural energy. Silica glass is an extreme case in that the transition occurs entirely through the change in internal structure, such as the distribution of the bending angle of Si–O–Si bonds.
A two-stage multi-scale domain adversarial transfer learning method and its application in fault diagnosis
Authors: Zhang Mingyuan , Huang Chengxuan , Wang Hongsen , He Chen , Yang Debin , Yang Jianhong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Domain adaptation (DA) based intelligent fault diagnosis (IFD) methods have attracted great attention in recent years. The key motivation of DA methods is to extract the domain-invariant features. In most cases, the one-dimensional convolutional neural networks are adopted as the feature extractor, in which the kernels are usually single and fixed. However, the monitoring data for IFD usually involve various scale information, and the feature representation extracted by the above models may be incomprehensive. Moreover, the target domain data is only used to narrow the distribution discrepancy in an unsupervised way, which may lead to ignorance of class information of the target domain. To address these issues, in this paper, a two-stage multi-scale domain adversarial fault diagnosis method is proposed. A multi-scale feature extractor with different kernel sizes is designed to acquire more discriminative domain-invariant features. Meanwhile, pseudo label learning is adopted to provide the transfer learning process with the pseudo labels of the target domain, which are generated by a pre-trained network in the first stage and then are optimized through iterations in the second stage. The maximum mean discrepancy is also adopted to enhance the ability of the model for marginal distribution alignment, which can make the model more robust. Thirty-eight transfer tasks from two different datasets were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method achieved higher average diagnosis accuracy compared with several popular methods. The superiority of our proposed method was further explained by visualization of learned features.
Strain-induced electronic structures and band-gap of few-layer AgInP2S6
Authors: Zhen Jiapeng , Huang Qiushi , Liu Ying , Luo Xinyu , Zheng Xiande , Guo Silin , Qiu Jing , Liu Guanjun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The band gap and mechanical control ability of two-dimensional materials largely determine the application value of two-dimensional devices in optical and electronic properties, so the bandgap controllability of two-dimensional materials broadens the application range of multi-functional devices. In the layered van der Waals (vdW) material AgInP2S6, the band gap can be adjusted by the number of layers and flexible strain, and the few layers AgInP2S6 have discrete band gap values, which are also relevant for optoelectronic applications. In the strain range of up to 2.7% applied, the band gap can be adjusted, and the film is relatively stable under strain. We further analyzed the physical mechanism of flexible strain band gap regulation and found that strain-regulation reduced the band gap and increased the chemical bond length. These studies open up new opportunities for the future development of vdW material photoelectric resonators represented by AgInP2S6, and have important reference value.
A semi-periodic initial-value problem for the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili II equation
Authors: Kalamvokas P , Papageorgiou V G , Fokas A S , Sung L-Y 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We investigate the Cauchy problem on the cylinder, namely the semi-periodic problem where there is periodicity in the x-direction and decay in the y-direction, for the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili II equation by the inverse spectral transform method. For initial data with small L
1 and L
2 norms, assuming the zero mass constraint, this initial-value problem is reduced to a Riemann–Hilbert problem on the boundary of certain infinite strips with shift.
Engineering low-temperature proximity effect in clean metals by spectral singularities
Authors: Silveira R de L , Croitoru M D , Pugach N G , Romaguera A R de C , Albino Aguiar J 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The present study investigates the behavior of the Cooper pair wave function in a normal metal (NM) near superconductor-NM-junctions, specifically focusing on the ballistic regime at zero temperature. It is widely assumed that the wave function follows a power-law decay, with the decay exponents dependent on the system’s dimensionality. Our work reveals that the multiband nature of a compound significantly influences the damping degree of pair amplitudes in an NM, rendering it sensitive to the position of the Fermi level. To explore this phenomenon, we employ the numerical method of self-consistent Bogoliubov–de Gennes equations, utilizing a nanowire as a model for an electronic multiband system. By analyzing the obtained pair amplitudes, we extract relevant lengths and exponents that characterize the leakage of superconducting correlations. We further examine this phenomenon by varying the sample’s cross-sectional size and the superconducting coupling constant. Consequently, our findings demonstrate that the properties of a superconducting/NM junction’s proximity effect can be manipulated not only through temperature, total impurity and defect density, but also by controlling the position of the Fermi level. This tunability enables the transition from a long-range regime to a short-range one, providing valuable insights for designing and understanding such junctions in practical applications.
Quasi-classical coherent states of a charged particle in a magnetic field with accounting for viscous losses
Authors: Sazonov S V 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A quasi-classical approach is proposed for describing the motion of a charged particle in a magnetic field, taking into account irreversible losses due to the macroscopic viscosity of the medium. The wave function of a charged particle corresponding to its quasi-classical coherent state is found. It is shown that viscosity leads to an irreversible collapse of the wave function in directions perpendicular to the magnetic field. At the same time along the magnetic field the wave function experiences irreversible spreading up to a certain static limit. Thus, in the transverse directions a viscous medium and a magnetic field behave like a classical measuring device. In the longitudinal directions the signs of the quantum Zeno effect are visible. As a result of such anisotropic quantum dynamics the wave packet of the probability density takes the form of a thin filament wound around a magnetic field. The length of the filament is determined by the limiting value of the uncertainty of the longitudinal coordinate of the particle. In turn, this asymptotic uncertainty contains the information about its initial value, about the mass of the particle, and about the properties of the viscous medium.