bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Approach for Slum Redevelopment in Ludhiana
Authors: Kaur Harshpreet , Sood Mona 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLudhiana, the largest and highest populated city in Punjab, is the country’s most important industrial hub often referred to as Indian Manchester. The city is on an instantaneous urbanisation path, offering opportunities that attract migrants from nearby rural areas, districts, and even far distant cities. Much of this incoming population is socially and economically disadvantaged due to the city’s haphazard settlement and lacking affordable housing facilities; resulting in manifestation of slum squatters, accounting to 25% of the population. The Ludhiana Municipal Cooperation addresses the issue of slum settlement through Slum Free City Plan of Action (SFCPOA) -Ludhiana 2015, an initiative under the Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY), which aims to upgrade and redevelop all existing slums, avert the emergence of new slums and bridge demand and supply gap of affordable housing.From the perspective of stakeholder’s experiences, this research intends to evaluate the success and constructed realities of several government initiatives directed at making Ludhiana slum-free. A sequential methodology involving semi-structured interviews, field surveys, field imaging and developing slum ontology based on sustainability and socio-economic parameters is adopted. This paper concludes that, despite the government of Ludhiana’s implementations; slums remain congested, economically unviable and with low community engagement. Furthermore, this study serves as an analytical prototype for future government plans to redevelop, rehabilitate, or resettle slum dwellers in a sustainable manner.
Assessing the Results of Compressive Strength of Ultra High-Performance Concrete Using Soft Computing
Authors: Aqeel Khan Mohd , Suthar Manju 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) is a new type of concrete that has gained popularity in recent decades due to its high strength and durability. In this study results of M5P and random forest are compared to predict the compressive strength of ultra-high-performance concrete for 28 days. A total of 236 readings are taken in this investigation. Out of 236 readings 70% that is 157 readings are used in training period and the remaining 79 are used for testing period. The results of Random Forest and M5P are then compare to find which is more effective in predicting the compressive strength of Ultra High-Performance concrete. The accuracy of the model depends upon Performance evaluation parameters which are Corelation Coefficient (CC), Root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE). After getting the value of coefficient of correlation, root mean square error, mean absolute error it is observed that that Random Forest is better than M5P as the values of CC, RMSE, MAE are 0.8568, 16.005 and 12.03 for testing stage respectively.
Experimental Research on ecofriendly High Strength Concrete with Bagasse Ash, Jute Fibre, and Waste Foundry Sand
Authors: Malagar Lakshit , Singh Harpreet 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper deals with the results of different treatment done on high Strength concrete with different waste materials, like Bagasse ash, Waste foundry Sand and Jute fiber. the disposal of this waste leads to land pollution and is very tricky and time consuming process. The results in this study shows that the bagasse ash cannot be used much quantity in high strength concrete due to its water absorbing nature it reduces the workability and strength of the concrete after particular replacement with cement. Waste foundry sand can be used in same quantity as in normal concrete. Its behavior does not changes with grade of Concrete. Waste Jute fiber is a not used more than 2% due to reduction of Strength n the concrete.it also increases the water absorption bt decreases the lateral risk factors like shrinkage in the concrete. Using of waste material in this type of hish strength concrete can make the concrete ecofriendly because it reduces the waste and helps to reduce the pollution by disposing the waste.
Application on Soil Bearing Capacity by Using SPT Values
Authors: Pratap Singh Surya , Singh Jagbir , Pal Anuj 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this paper, the application is designed for the calculation of the bearing capacity using the SPT values as per IS code 6403. Accordingly, the various input parameters that govern the bearing capacity of the soil are SPT value (N, depth of Footing, the width of foundation, length of footing, cohesion, unit weight, angle of inclination, types of footing, and depth of water table. The application is programmed in java language using the android studio 2.3 version. The proposed application is illustrated by using different screenshots at different steps. The application is further validated using the example from the literature.
Wind Load Analysis on Gable Roof of Low-Rise Building
Authors: Tariq Ambar , Singh Jagbir , Kumar Singh Sushil 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The effect of pressure because of the winds on the exterior of gable roof of a low-rise single-storey building has been analyzed in present research using CFD simulation. Roof slope, which is most important factor for safety of structure was taken into consideration. Many past researchers have studied roofed structures but the majority of these researches have been carried on flat roofs, hip roof, spherical roofs, pyramidal roofs. There is need of researches that analyses effect of winds on gable roofs as these kinds of roofs are generally more susceptible to wind damage. ANSYS ICM is used for modeling and meshing and ANSYS Fluent for simulation. Results are extracted here using CFD post. In this very study three models with slope ang 10°, 20° and 30° with same incidence angle 0° were examined. This study analyses the effect of slope of the roof and angle of incidence of wind. The streamlines of velocity around the building model and pressure coefficient (Cp
) contours on the surfaces of the roof are opted here to represent the results. When results were plotted it was found that pressure coefficients were switching from negative to positive as the slope of the roof increases and the formation of vortex on leeward gets complicated as we go on increasing the slopes.
End-of-life options for ceramic masonry units – environmental and performance-based perspective
Authors: Kancheva Yana D , Zaharieva Roumiana A 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCeramic bricks are among the most used building material throughout human history for their excellent technical properties, abundance of raw materials and easy production. Huge quantity of brick waste is generated from demolition works at the end-of-life stage of buildings. Several scenarios within waste management hierarchy can be considered: a) preparing for reuse of bricks into masonry units for similar purposes; b) mechanical recycling (crushing, screening) to crushed stone for various applications -in backfilling, pavement, drainage works, which are examples of down-cycling or as concrete aggregate and as a component in blended binders which are examples of upcycling; c) disposal at inert waste landfills or used as a separation layer at municipal waste landfills.This study performs a life cycle assessment (LCA) of these three possible routes for ceramic waste and takes into account the relevant processes. The LCA results are calculated for the compulsory environmental indicators according to the methodology of EN 15804 along with the additional indicators assessing toxicity. The outcome of the LCA confirms that the most environmentally beneficial scenario is the reuse of bricks as it requires minimal activities for preparing. Technical feasibility issues and costs impact, associated to the three scenarios are also analysed. The conclusion is that an optimised and sustainable approach of bricks end-of-life shall be applied in order to boost the circularity in construction sector.
Impact of recycled aggregate properties on concrete performance
Authors: Zaharieva R , Dimitrov G 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
One of the ways for construction sector to contribute to sustainability is to reuse and to recycle the huge amount of construction and demolition waste (CDW) it generates. Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) is recognized by EN 206 standard as a legitimate concrete ingredient, but their full potential is far to be used, because of several reasons: availability of natural resources, heterogeneity of CDW, technology and costs issues and mistrust in performances. In Bulgaria, in addition, the national amendment to EN 206 is very restrictive because of lack of national know-how. This study aims to fill the gap and assess the impact of RCA on concrete performance. RCA from three different CDW sources is tested. RCA differs in porosity, water absorption and mechanical characteristics. The performance of recycled aggregate concrete with 30% and 50% replacement of coarse aggregate by RCA is compared to that of natural aggregate concrete. Mix design with two cement quantities and two water/cement ratios are investigated. The higher water absorption of RCA is taken into consideration while producing fresh concrete. The results demonstrate that the quality of primary concrete has certain effect on strength characteristics, E-modulus and water permeability. However, RCA up to 30% does not modify significantly the behaviour of both fresh and hardened concrete. RCA of 50% does not worsen the properties of the concrete, either, but some reduction of performance can be observed. In conclusion, RCA presents a solution for both natural resources preservation and appropriate CDW management.
Effect of coarse aggregate characteristics on the permeability properties of pervious concrete
Authors: Daukšys M , Dunauskas A , Juočiūnas S 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This study analyses the effect of the geometric characteristics of coarse aggregate particles on the physical-mechanical properties and durability of hardened permeable concrete prepared by vibropressing compaction method. Four types of coarse aggregate were used to prepare the concrete mixture: gravel and crushed gravel stone of particle size fraction 4/16 and 8/16. The particle size and shape (rounded and rectangular) were considered. Four different concrete mix compositions were tested. The following properties of hardened permeable concrete were analysed in comparison: total porosity, water permeability, density, compressive strength, frost resistance, and abrasion resistance. The findings of this study showed that particle size and shape influence the physical-mechanical properties of permeable concrete. The total porosity and water permeability values were higher in the test specimens where crushed gravel stone of fraction 4/8 mm and 8/16 mm was used as coarse aggregate. The resistance of permeable concrete to volumetric freezing and thawing depends on the frost resistance of the coarse aggregate. It was also found that abrasion resistance of permeable concrete is affected by ravelling, i.e. disintegration of angular coarse aggregate particles from the concrete matrix.
Assessment of the effects of strong earthquakes on the city of Plovdiv
Authors: Stefanov D , Solakov D , Milkov J 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The assessment of the effects of strong earthquakes is based on procedures for integrating the seismic hazard and the seismic vulnerability of the load-bearing structures of the building stock. The analyses are made for seismic excitation, determined by the analysis of seismic hazard - a deterministic earthquake scenario (expressed in macroseismic intensity). The scenario takes into account the effects of soil amplification, using the geotechnical information for the considered urban area. Based on the collected information about the building stock and the performed analysis, an assessment of the direct damages and destructions is obtained. The distribution of the buildings is graphically presented, respectively by number and by total built-up area, at different degrees of damage. Economic losses are calculated based on the results obtained for damage and destruction in three main groups of buildings. The main task of this study is to quantify the effects of strong earthquakes for the city of Plovdiv based on an accurate assessment of seismic hazard. This information will enable the municipal administration to make informed management decisions about planning of rescue equipment and people, hospital beds, shelter for the homeless people and financial resources to restore the damaged buildings.
Capacity of axially loaded RC columns with arbitrary cross sections to Eurocode 2
Authors: Traykova M. , Ganchovski N. , Traykov A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Unlike older design codes, Eurocode 2 does not provide a procedure for calculation of the capacity of axially loaded columns. For that purpose, a general algorithm is developed, using the principles of structural mechanics and mathematics: It starts with constructing the P-Δ relationship (buckling curve) for the element, accounting for initial imperfections, minimum eccentricity, material nonlinearity and second order effects. Then, the respective bending moments are determined from the displacements and the P-M relationship is obtained. Finally, the axial load capacity in planar domain is determined by intersecting the P-M diagram with the interaction curve for the RC section. In spacial domain, the P-Δ relationship is defined by the respective “buckling surface”. Its intersection with the interaction surface represents a spacial curve in the (P, Mx, My) coordinate system. The axial capacity is determined as the minimum of P values along the curve. The solution is performed by numerical methods.
Determination of the natural frequencies and periods of a body with a fixed point
Authors: Todorov T 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In the current paper the determination of the natural frequencies and periods of a body with a fixed point is given. Two main approaches are considered. The first one is an analytical solution based on the principles of Lagrangian mechanics and the second is a finite element analysis. Although some equations are provided, the implementation of the analytical solution is achieved via MATLAB codes for simplicity and easier calculations. A finite element program (SAP2000) is used for the numerical solution. Different loading patterns are considered and the results of the two methods are compared. As the geometry of the problem is three-dimensional, some peculiarities of the model are discussed as well.
Bearing capacity of surface-strengthened concrete beam elements. Parametric analysis.
Authors: Yanakieva A , Nikolova G , Baltov A 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The study treats diffusively strengthened concrete beam elements. The element bearing capacity is estimated within a Generalized space of events introduced by the authors. Safety zones of the element’s safe operation under overloading are specified therein. The overloading is assumed to have a probabilistic character. A parametric analysis is performed based on specific criteria of loss of element’s bearing capacity, i.e.: (1) a boundary conditions criterion; (2) a criterion considering the effect of the overloading probability of the Safety zone; (3) a criterion accounting for the effect of transition area strengthening on the element bearing capacity. Two cases of beam element deformation are assumed- pure elastic deformation (C1), and deformation accompanied by compression micro-damage in the compression area of the concrete core (C2). The results for the Safety zones are discussed and analysed according to each criterion. Assessment of the element bearing capacity is also proposed.
Comparison analysis of bearing capacity of arch bridges, where the influence of the stability is taken into account
Authors: Jiponov A K 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The structural stability failure is a critical factor for arch bridges which are not transversally braced and that must be considered when the bearing capacity has to be determined. One of the main parameters dictating the behaviour of arched structures in case of loss of stability is their slenderness. Accordingly, structures with high stiffness and low flexibility are expected to have significantly increased bearing capacity. The current paper consists analysis of complex 3-dimensional FE models, where the non – linear behaviour of geometry and materials is considered. The methodology is based on typical for bridge construction geometry, where are used typical cross – sections. The critical forces in the analysis are limited by the bending bearing capacity of the cross – sections. The results provide information about the advantages and disadvantages of the different structural solutions.
Helicopter service of hospital building
Authors: Tsvetkov S 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The report considers two variants of a building with a special purpose of the roof slab. Option 1 is a model of the building - without a helicopter pad, and Option 2 has a helicopter pad. For basic structural elements, the values of: displacements, shear forces and load-bearing reinforcements are shown. Specialized software for computational models is used. Combinations of impacts are proposed, including dynamic loading. The solutions of the two options are compared and a conclusion is made about the efficiency of the solutions with the helicopter service. The maximum values of the internal forces are obtained by taking into account together the horizontal and vertical components of the seismic impact.
Stability behaviour of concrete arch bridge structures in relation to the load direction out of the arch’s plane
Authors: Nikolov V T 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Arches are one of the predominant structural elements for bridges with big spans. With the current technological advancement, they are applicable in pure form, without any transverse stabilizing systems. The slender form of the arch elements leads to reduction in their capacity due to stability failure. Their behaviour is directly related to the presence of first and second order effects – imperfections and deformed state. The typical bridge loads and combinations, often invoke effects outside of the elements’ plane of reference. Such conditions are reducing the capacity of the structure in relation to magnitude of the effect. Analysis of such effects is complex task including interaction between complex stress state, 3-dimensional geometry, and non-linear material behaviour. In the following work are presented series of geometrical configuration in condition of material and geometrical non-linearity for the determination of critical load leading to stability failure. The results display trends in the stability behaviour of reinforced concrete arch bridge elements.
On the need to include prestressed steel structures in the standard EN 1993. Load-bearing capacity of steel tensioners according to the rules of EN 1993
Authors: Georgiev T 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This report draws attention to the absence of prestressed steel structures in the EN 1993 standard. He pleads for the correction of this omission. As an example of the difficulties in the transition of research to the statements of the European Guides, the problem of determining the bearing capacity of tensioners on prestressed structures has been developed.
Water tanks - checks of tensile internal forces in the walls of cylindrical tanks
Authors: Tsvetkov S 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The report examines parametric solutions of the facilities - by changing the elements of the load-bearing structure of reinforced concrete tanks. The created computational models have specialized software and seismic analysis included. The hydrodynamic impact of water during an earthquake taken into account. The annular efforts in the walls were checked to determine the double (symmetrical) reinforcement in the radial direction. Comparisons are given for the individual solutions. The construction of the wall has an effect on the internal forces. Envelope combinations of static and seismic impacts must be made to provide the elements for peak values not taken into account in the analysis.
Scalable pattern formation of skeletal myotubes by synergizing microtopographic cues and chiral nematics of cells
Authors: Wu Siying , Ruan Lingyan , Wu Jianpeng , Wu Minghui , Chu Lok Ting , Kwong Hoi Kwan , Lam Miu Ling , Chen Ting-Hsuan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Topographical cues have been widely used to facilitate cell fusion in skeletal muscle formation. However, an unexpected yet consistent chiral orientation of myotubes deviating from the groove boundaries is commonly observed but has long been unattended. In this study, we report a method to guide the formation of skeletal myotubes into scalable and controlled patterns. By inducing C2C12 myoblasts onto grooved patterns with different widths (from 0.4 to 200 μm), we observed an enhanced chiral orientation of cells developing on wide grooves (50 and 100 μm width) since the first day of induction. Active chiral nematics of cells involving cell migration and chiral rotation of the cell nucleus subsequently led to a unified chiral orientation of the myotubes. Importantly, these chiral myotubes were formed with enhanced length, diameter, and contractility on wide grooves. Treatment of latrunculin A (Lat A) suppressed the chiral rotation and migration of cells as well as the myotube formation, suggesting the essence of chiral nematics of cells for myogenesis. Finally, by arranging wide grooved/striped patterns with corresponding compensation angles to synergize microtopographic cues and chiral nematics of cells, intricate and scalable patterns of myotubes were formed, providing a strategy for engineering skeletal muscle tissue formation.
The influence of free-surface vortex on underwater ghost imaging
Authors: Jiang Teng , Bai Yanfeng , Tan Wei , Huang Xianwei , Nan Suqin , Fu Xiquan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The vortex generated in the gas–liquid interface may appear in the propagation path, and shows severe disturbance to light propagation, thus affects the final imaging. In this Letter, the influence from the vortex on underwater ghost imaging is investigated experimentally. We find a counter-intuitive phenomenon that imaging quality becomes worse when the vortex is close to the imaging target, which is absolutely different from the typical channel disturbances, such as atmospheric turbulence and scattering. This phenomenon can be explained by the influence mechanism of speckle variation and the effective data distribution on the bucket detector. Meanwhile, a modified imaging method based on the effective bucket samples is proposed to enhance imaging quality and verified in experiment.