bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Adaptive Microbiome‐Based Truncated Test
Authors: Gao Hailong , Bu Deliang , Guo Hongping , Wang Xiao 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe human microbiome has been demonstrated to be associated with many complex diseases. Identifying the differences in microbial taxa across two different health conditions is clinically important, as it can enhance our understanding of disease pathology from a microbiome perspective and potentially lead to preventive or therapeutic strategies. However, there are three main challenges for analyzing microbiome data, due to compositionality, sparsity, and high dimensionality of the relative abundances. Although a few two‐sample tests have been proposed for analyzing microbiome data, the statistical power cannot be guaranteed as the true alternative hypothesis is unknown. To potentially address this issue, we propose an adaptive microbiome‐based truncated test (AMTT) that produces high power for various alternative hypotheses. Simulation studies with a wide range of scenarios are conducted, the results indicate that AMTT is not only powerful in almost all the scenarios but also effectively controls type I error rates. Real data about Parkinson's intestinal microbiome is analyzed to demonstrate its practical performance.
Catalytic Synthesis of Xanthene and Unprecedented Evolution of Naphthopyrans Using Heteropoly Acid‐Tantalum(V) Oxide Hybrid Composite as Promoter
Authors: Mahapatra Joydeep , Dastidar Sneha Ghosh , Jagankar Damini , Roy Namrata , Sharma Jyoti , Mukherjee Amitava , Maity Chandan , Panda Tarun K. , Mal Sib Sankar 
Published: January 2025

AbstractXanthene derivatives are prepared by using tantalum(V) oxide (Ta2O5)‐supported heteropoly acid (HPA), Keggin 12‐phosphotungstic acid (PTA)‐based heterogeneous catalyst PTA@Ta2O5 under neat conditions. The composite is prepared by the wetness impregnation method and is characterized by various techniques. Under optimized conditions, xanthenes are synthesized with prominent yields in remarkably short reaction times. The green chemistry metrics are appraised for the xanthene reaction. Surprisingly, a few novel naphthopyran derivatives are isolated instead of the conventional xanthene derivatives when cinnamaldehyde analogous are introduced under the same reaction protocol. Unprecedented naphtho[2,1‐b]pyran‐type derivatives of 3m, 3n, and 3o are isolated, depending on the specific substituted cinnamaldehyde used, and interestingly, the nature of the substituent in cinnamaldehyde decides the different reaction pathways leading to the formation of respective pyrans. Diverse possible mechanisms are encountered with the PTA@Ta2O5 catalyst based on the respective transformations. The solid‐state structures of xanthenes and naphthopyrans are thoroughly investigated. Furthermore, some derivatives are studied in vitro to assess their antimicrobial activity, and the findings are compared with those of reference standard antibiotics.
A rationale for the “meeting competition defense” under primary‐line injury
Authors: Aguirre Iñaki , Yenipazarli Arda 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis paper finds that price discrimination tends to enhance social welfare under oligopoly when the number of firms in the strong market is higher than in the weak market. As a result, we obtain a fundamental justification for the “meeting competition” defense (MCD) under the Robinson‐Patman Act (RPA): In cases of primary‐line injury, when the strong market is more competitive than the weak market, the use of MCD may allow price discrimination to improve social welfare. This outcome holds true regardless of whether price discrimination occurs in the final good market or intermediate good market, and it is robust to the nature of competition.
Signaling endogenous product quality with price in the presence of consumer boycotts
Authors: Cheng Yi‐Ling , Tung Chris Y. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis paper constructs a two‐period model of price signaling, where an entry firm sells experience goods with endogenous product quality while its cost efficiency of producing quality and product quality may be private information at first. The main results show that when firms' cost efficiencies are known but product quality is unobservable, the entrant reduces both the quality and price compared to the scenario with perfect information, as consumers can infer the quality from the observed costs, making price signaling unnecessary. When both cost efficiency and product quality are unknown, this does not further affect quality but leads to the entrant using prices to signal its cost type. However, the pooling outcome Pareto‐dominates the separating one. If consumers boycott upon perceiving deceitful product quality, the entrants with different cost efficiencies choose distinct prices to avoid demand loss, fostering the emergence of separating equilibria, which can enhance consumer surplus.
Perspective: Minimally clinically important “symptomatic” benefit associated with disease modification resulting from anti‐amyloid immunotherapy
Authors: Alam John , Sabbagh Marwan N. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDespite some skepticism regarding the amyloid hypothesis, there is growing evidence that clearing amyloid by targeting specific species of amyloid (plaque, oligomers, fibrils, and protofibrils) for removal has therapeutic benefits. Specifically, there is growing evidence that, in mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD), robust and aggressive removal of amyloid can slow cognitive decline as measured by global instruments, composite measures, and cognitive testing. Furthermore, clinical efficacy signals coupled with clear biomarker changes provide the first evidence of disease modification. This effect seems to be in addition to symptomatic treatments and opens speculation that the effect of anti‐amyloid monoclonal antibodies might be clinically meaningful through symptomatic amelioration that is a result of disease modification.Highlights
Clearance of brain amyloid plaques may lead to a clinical benefit in patients with early AD.
Aggregated Aβ may play a role in both disease expression and progression.
Anti‐amyloid monoclonal antibodies might be clinically meaningful through symptomatic amelioration resulting from disease modification.
Comparative toxicity of copper and zinc contaminated wastewater irrigation on growth, physiology, and mineral absorption of wheat
Authors: Ullah Sana , Naeem Asif , Praspaliauskas Marius , Vaskeviciene Irena , Hosney Ahmed , Barcauskaite Karolina 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA comparative pot study was performed to assess the toxic effects of copper (Cu) and/or zinc (Zn) contaminated wastewater (WW) irrigation on the growth, physiology, and element concentration of wheat grown for two months. The treatments included irrigation with uncontaminated wastewater (WW) as control, Cu‐contaminated WW (CuWW), Zn‐contaminated WW (ZnWW), and Cu + Zn contaminated WW (CuZnWW) in a completely randomized design. Compared to ZnWW, irrigation with CuWW or CuZnWW had severe effects on growth, physiology, and mineral absorption by wheat. Irrigation with CuWW or CuZnWW reduced shoot length, root length, root and shoot dry weights by 44–45%, 54–56%, 5–6%, and 33–34%, respectively, against WW control. Similarly, these treatments diminished chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids, and SPAD by 33–34%, 59–60%, 49–51%, and 26–27%, respectively. Conversely, contaminated irrigation improved the total polyphenols, polyphenolic acids, total flavonoids, and antiradical activity, however, a maximum increase in these parameters up to 65% was observed when irrigated with ZnWW. Pearson correlation showed that the decline in growth and physiology of wheat was negatively correlated with shoot metal concentration and uptake. Dehydrogenase activity is severely hampered by CuWW or CuZnWW and to a lesser extent by ZnWW as well. These results suggest that irrigation with contaminated WW adversely affects wheat growth and physiology, however, ZnWW is found to be less toxic to wheat crops than Cu. Thereby, this data highlights the need for a tailored approach to prioritize the metal (Zn) with lower toxicity during the use of WW in irrigation practice.Practitioner Points
Cu‐contaminated wastewater (20 ppm Cu) substantially reduced the growth and physiology of wheat. Zn (80 ppm) contaminated wastewater was found lesser toxic compared to Cu.
Wheat irrigation with contaminated wastewater increased biologically active compounds in wheat shoot.
Contaminated wastewater affected minerals concentration in the root and shoot part of wheat.
Dehydrogenase activity in soil is less affected by Zn‐contaminated wastewater.
Irrigation with wastewater and leftover crop residues resulted in the accumulation of organic matter in soil.
Unlocking the Blue Frontier: Saline Water Footprint as a Path to Sustainability
Authors: Harsha J 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe world population is projected to grow to 9.77 billion by 2050 as against 7.55 billion as of 2017 and a large part of the population increase is going to occur in the developing countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. The addition of 2 more billion by 2050 will increase the pressure on already scarce freshwater across the globe due to the concomitant demand for freshwater required for growing additional food, water, and energy. The fraction of freshwater is a mere 2.53% of global water whereas the rest 97.47% is saline water. So, water is not scarce on earth if saline water is considered useful. With current unsustainable water management approaches, the freshwater crisis scenario could turn catastrophic. Hence, to avert the dire freshwater crisis by 2050 and beyond, this article introduces a novel water management strategy called “saline water footprint” as an integrated strategy outside the realm of freshwater. Saline water footprint is the next step of freshwater footprint and a futuristic sustainable solution that considers seawater constituting 97.47% volume of global water as a useful resource. This article explores various opportunities and limitations and then recommends a saline water footprint strategy as the sustainable and integrated strategy to enhance global saline water use to avert the coming cataclysmic freshwater crisis by 2050 and beyond.
Evaluating the Sapien® XT Valve in Native Right Ventricular Outflow Tracts After Tetralogy of Fallot Repair: Mid- and Long-Term Results
Authors: Odemis Ender , Celikyurt Aydin , Kizilkaya Mete Han , Demir İbrahim Halil 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Although the long-term outcomes of the surgical grafts are well defined and reported, the data regarding the mid-and long-term results of the balloon-expandable percutaneous valves in the native right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) is limited. We retrospectively evaluated 42 patients who underwent PPVI (Sapien® XT valve) to native RVOT due to severe pulmonary regurgitation (PR) and/or moderate to severe pulmonary stenosis (PS) between August 2015 and November 2020. The median patient age at the time of PPVI was 13.4 years (6.1–36.5 years). The median body weight of the patients was 42 kg (15–110 kg). The rate of patients who were followed up without the need for percutaneous or surgical intervention was 97.4% at the end of year 1, 89.3% at the end of year 3, and 85.8% at the end of year 5. At the end of year 6, the proportion of patients requiring no procedure remained constant, with year 5 at 85.8%, but decreased to 70.2% at the end of year 7. Although the early results are very encouraging, it is seen that PPVI in patients with RVOT in the long term brings some problems. The most important of these is tricuspid valve problems, which were not considered before the procedure. Patients requiring reintervention due to pulmonary regurgitation show similar characteristics to surgical valves’ long-term results.
Simultaneous Treatment of Pseudo-gynecomastia and Lateral Chest in Patients with Massive Weight Loss
Authors: Affara Moaz Fathy Khalifa Fayez , Badawy Mohamed Samir , Reyad Khaled Ahmed , Mabrouk Amr 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Pseudogynecomastia in MWL patients is characterized by excess skin in chest, lateral chest, axilla and upper abdomen without enlargement of the breast glandular component. The aim of this work was to study long-term aesthetic outcomes of correction of severe pseudogynecomastia post-weight loss with inferior pedicle technique with some refinements.

Methodology
This prospective study included 15 patients underwent chest contouring after massive weight loss within period of 2 years between January 2022 and January 2024. All patients were subjected to local examination (position of nipple–areola complex and degree of ptosis and chest anthropometry) and photographic assessment, and pre- and postoperative results were compared. Patient satisfaction survey was done.

Results
The ages ranged from 20 to 45 years (mean 32.67 years), the previous weight ranged with mean 158.8, the mean current weight was 87.53, and the mean BMI was 28.49. The time of weight loss ranged from 8 to 48 months (mean 20.07 months), and the duration of weight stability ranged from 6 to 24 months with mean 10.0 months. Regarding the complications, no major complications required readmission, four patients had minor complications (26.7%), one (6.7%) case had asymmetry of the NAC, one (6.7%) case had minor hematoma, one (6.7%) case had seroma, and one (6.7%) case had partial wound dehiscence. The overall satisfaction rate was high.

Conclusion
Patient satisfaction with male chest contouring for pseudogynecomastia following significant weight loss is excellent. In this study, we provide a reliable technique for management of pseudogynecomastia in post-MWL with good outcomes.

Level of Evidence IV
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Speech therapy for exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction
Authors: Vreim Kristine , Karlsen Tom , Carlsen Petter Helø , Nistad Valgjerd Helene , Røksund Ola Drange , Halvorsen Thomas , Vollsæter Maria , Heimdal John-Helge , Clemm Hege , Engan Mette 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Exercise- Induced Laryngeal Obstruction (EILO) can lead to disabling exercise related dyspnea and hamper participation in physical activity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of a standardized speech therapy protocol as treatment for EILO.

Methods
Patients diagnosed with EILO at our institution were invited to participate. We compared laryngeal findings obtained during a continuous laryngoscopy exercise (CLE) test and questionnaire based self-reported breathing symptoms, before vs. after the treatment intervention. The laryngeal obstruction was characterized using a standardized CLE scoring system (0–12 points).

Results
A total of 28 patients were evaluated. Following speech therapy, the mean reduction in the CLE score was 1.5 (95% confidence interval: 1.1–2.0) points, with the improvement primarily associated with decreased glottic-level obstruction. Twenty-four (86%) patients reported reduced symptoms during exercise. A moderate correlation was observed between changes in CLE scores and subjective symptom improvements.

Conclusion
This study suggests that a standardized speech therapy protocol reduces observed laryngeal obstruction during the CLE test, with the most notable improvement occurring at the glottic level, alongside a parallel reduction in self-reported symptoms of EILO.
Comparison of background characteristics and neuropathology findings between medico-legal autopsy cases with traumatic axonal injury, vascular axonal injury, or absence of axonal injury in β-amyloid precursor protein stain
Authors: Narayan Gaia , Oura Petteri 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In forensic neuropathology, the β-amyloid precursor protein (β-APP) immunostain is used to diagnose axonal injury (AI). The two most common aetiologies are traumatic (TAI) and ischaemic (vascular; VAI). We aimed to identify background characteristics and neuropathology findings that are suggestive of TAI, VAI, or no AI in neuropathologically examined medico-legal autopsy cases. The dataset comprised 166 cases from Finland over the period 2016—2023. The diagnosis of AI was based on β-APP stain (TAI, VAI, or no AI). Data on background characteristics and neuropathology findings were collected from cause-of-death investigation documents. Prevalence ratios were calculated for each variable to enable comparisons between the AI categories. The sample were 71.7% males; median age was 41 years (range 0—96). There were 26 cases with TAI, 44 with VAI, and 96 with no AI. The variables that showed statistical significance and had at least two-fold prevalence among TAI cases compared to VAI cases were: a documented recent injury; and presence of any extracranial/cranial/intracranial injury (including subdural haemorrhage [SDH], subarachnoid haemorrhage [SAH], intracerebral/ventricular haemorrhage [ICVH], or contusion) in autopsy or neuropathology. Correspondingly, variables indicating TAI over no AI were: a documented recent injury; postinjury survival ≥ 24 h; and presence of any extracranial/cranial/intracranial injury (including SDH, SAH, ICVH, contusion), herniation, or infarction in autopsy or neuropathology. Postinjury survival < 30 min was identified as an indicator of no AI over TAI. Finally, variables indicating VAI over no AI were: postinjury survival ≥ 24 h; lack of external injury to the head; and presence of SDH, brain oedema, herniation, or infarction in autopsy or neuropathology. In conclusion, we report several differences in characteristics and findings between cases diagnosed with TAI, VAI, and no AI. Our findings may help estimate the likelihood and potential aetiology of AI based on background characteristics and other neuropathology findings.
Angulation of the dural venous sinuses in the posterior cranial fossa: an anatomical study and its implications for venous circulation
Authors: Cardona Juan J. , Samrid Rarinthorn , Kim Chung Yoh , Tabira Yoko , Dumont Aaron S. , Iwanaga Joe , Tubbs R. Shane 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to determine the angulation of the dural venous sinuses in soft tissue, to evaluate differences between types of tissue, and to discuss the potential influence of these angulations on intracranial venous hemodynamics and related pathologies. Angulations formed in different segments of the transverse, sigmoid, and superior sagittal sinuses were measured in 13 adult human cadaveric heads (26 sides). After the soft tissues were removed, measurements were also taken from the underlying bone. The overall angulation of the transverse sinus was assessed using two reference points, while the lengths and widths of the dural venous sinuses were measured using microcalipers. Statistical analyses were performed considereing sides, sex, and types of tissue. The mean angulation of the superior sagittal sinuses - transverse sinus junction was 116 degrees. The mean angulations of the transverse sinus - sigmoid sinus junction in medial and superior views were 108 degrees and 114 degrees, respectively. The mean angulations of the entire transverse sinus at two different points were 45 degrees and 44 degrees, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in angulation in some variables when they were adjusted for sides and sex, but not types of tissue. Angulation is a paramount factor in venous hemodynamics. Certain angulations of the dural venous sinuses differed significantly between sides and sexes, but not between types of tissue. Future research should investigate the effects of these angulations on intracranial venous circulation and their relevance to related pathologies.
Does Product Market Competition Promote or Reduce Firms’ Corporate Social Responsibility Behavior? How Stakeholder Attention Shapes Responsiveness to Stakeholders
Authors: Wang Yichen , Marquis Christopher 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Does product market competition (PMC) promote or reduce firms’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) behavior? While some studies suggest that CSR is a differentiation strategy that leads to a positive relationship between PMC and CSR, others consider CSR a discretionary cost that firms in competitive markets should avoid. Drawing on instrumental stakeholder theory and research on organizational attention, we aim to clarify the extent to which CSR provides a competitive advantage for firms by exploring how different types of stakeholder attention—both between different stakeholder groups and within a specific stakeholder group—affect the PMC–CSR relationship. We test our framework using data on Chinese private (i.e., non-state-owned) companies on major Chinese stock exchanges from 2008 to 2017. Overall, our analyses highlight that stakeholder attention affects how firms assess the tension between the benefits and costs of CSR and that the contingent effect of different stakeholder attention varies within and between stakeholder groups.
A survey on resource scheduling approaches in multi-access edge computing environment: a deep reinforcement learning study
Authors: Ismail Ahmed A. , Khalifa Nour Eldeen , El-Khoribi Reda A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Multi-access edge computing (MEC) brings many services closer to user devices, alleviating the pressure on resource-constrained devices. It enables devices to offload compute-intensive tasks to nearby MEC servers. Hence, improving users’ quality of experience (QoS) by reducing both application execution time and energy consumption. However, to meet the huge demands, efficient resource scheduling algorithms are an essential and challenging problem. Resource scheduling involves efficiently allocating and managing MEC resources. In this paper, we survey the state-of-the-art research regarding this issue and focus on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) solutions. DRL algorithms reach optimal or near-optimal policies when adapted to a particular scenario. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first survey that specifically focuses on the use of RL and DRL techniques for resource scheduling in multi-access computing. We analyze recent literature in three research aspects, namely, content caching, computation offloading, and resource management. Moreover, we compare and classify the reviewed papers in terms of application use cases, network architectures, objectives, utilized RL algorithms, evaluation metrics, and model approaches: centralized and distributed. Furthermore, we investigate the issue of user mobility and its effect on the model. Finally, we point out a few unresolved research challenges and suggest several open research topics for future studies.