bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Possible Mechanisms of Interannual Variations in Surface Mixed Layer Temperatures off Somalia in Boreal Summer
Authors: Kusumi Takahiro , Masumoto Yukio 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The key processes responsible for the interannual variation of the surface mixed layer temperature off Somalia in the western Arabian Sea in boreal summer are investigated by the use of a regional ocean model. Our focus is on influences of remotely forced annual Rossby waves as well as local southwesterly monsoonal winds in the years with anomalously warm or cold mixed layer temperature conditions. Composite and heat budget analyses of the simulated results indicate that the interannual mixed layer temperature variations in the region off the coast of Somalia are generated by the combined effects of local upwelling, Rossby wave intrusion, and horizontal advection. In particular, interannual modulation of the annual Rossby wave before the onset of the southwest monsoon causes a subsurface temperature anomaly below the mixed layer along the coast of Somalia. It is also shown that this subsurface temperature anomaly is upwelled into the mixed layer by the upward flow associated with the seasonally evolving coastal upwelling and that the mixed layer temperature anomaly in the coastal region is advected into the offshore region by seasonal developments of the Somali Current. Results from sensitivity experiments with different wind forcing scenarios demonstrate that the contribution of this remotely forced Rossby wave to the interannual variations of the mixed layer temperature anomaly off Somalia is comparable to that of the local wind stress anomalies alone.

Significance Statement
The purpose of this study is to investigate the key processes responsible for the interannual variation of the temperature within the ocean surface layer off Somalia in boreal summer. Because this temperature variation is shown to be related to the Indian summer monsoon rainfall, this study can lead to improvement in the predictability of the Indian summer monsoon. Previous studies have demonstrated that interannual modulation of the local monsoonal winds along the coast of Somalia in spring and summer generate the temperature variation. We find for the first time that the large-scale ocean waves excited remotely in previous winter play an important role, and its contribution is comparable to that of the effect of the wind influences.
Principal Modes of Diurnal Cycle of Rainfall over South China during the Presummer Rainy Season
Authors: Dong Fu , Zhi Xiefei , Zhu Shoupeng , Zhang Ling , Ge Fei , Fan Yi , Lyu Yang , Wang Jingyu , Fraedrich Klaus 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The principal modes of the diurnal cycle of rainfall (DCR) over South China during the presummer rainy season are examined using 23-yr satellite observations and reanalysis data. Three distinctly different DCR modes are identified via empirical orthogonal function analysis, that is, the early-afternoon precipitation (EAP) mode, the late-afternoon precipitation (LAP) mode, and the morning precipitation (MP) mode. Under the EAP mode, the rainfall starts to increase from midnight and reaches its peak in the early afternoon. The nocturnal to morning rainfall generally concentrates on the northeastern Pearl River delta (PRD) and along the coastline. The coastal rainfall is initiated from the convergence zone induced by the strong onshore wind and is further enhanced via the establishment of a land breeze in the early morning. The northeastern PRD center is mainly attributed to the windward mechanical lifting associated with the strong low-level wind. The afternoon rainfall is pronounced over inland areas and exhibits significantly regional diversity. The eastern inland rainfall develops from the early-morning rainfall over the northeastern PRD, whereas the eastward-propagating rain belts associated with frontal activities are responsible for the formation of western inland rainfall. The LAP mode features a late-afternoon peak, which is triggered and developed locally with favorable thermal–dynamic conditions over western inland South China. The MP mode exhibits a single early-morning peak. Nocturnal to morning rainfall is prominent on the northeastern PRD and near-offshore region. The near-offshore rainfall is basically induced by the convergence between the onshore wind and land breeze in the early morning, which further propagates far offshore in the morning due to effects of gravity waves.
The Impacts of Combined SAM and ENSO on Seasonal Antarctic Sea Ice Changes
Authors: Wang Jinfei , Luo Hao , Yu Lejiang , Li Xuewei , Holland Paul R. , Yang Qinghua 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Both the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are critical factors contributing to Antarctic sea ice variability on interannual time scales. However, their joint effects on sea ice are complex and remain unclear for each austral season. In this study, satellite sea ice concentration (SIC) observations and atmospheric reanalysis data are utilized to assess the impacts of combined SAM and ENSO on seasonal Antarctic sea ice changes. The joint SAM–ENSO impacts on southern high latitudes are principally controlled by the strength and position of the wave activity and associated atmospheric circulation anomalies affected by their interactions. In-phase events (La Niña/positive SAM and El Niño/negative SAM) are characterized with an SIC dipole located in the Weddell/Bellingshausen Seas and Amundsen/Ross Seas, while out-of-phase events (El Niño/positive SAM and La Niña/negative SAM) experience significant SIC anomalies in the Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean. Sea ice budget analyses are conducted to separate the dynamic and thermodynamic contributions inducing the sea ice intensification anomalies. The results show that in-phase intensification anomalies also display a pattern similar to the SIC dipole and are mainly driven by the direct thermodynamic forcing at the ice edge and thermodynamic responses to meridional sea ice drift in the inner pack, especially in autumn and winter. Dynamic processes caused by zonal sea ice drift also play an important role during out-of-phase conditions in addition to the same mechanisms during in-phase conditions.
The Impacts of Adjusting Momentum Roughness Length on Strong and Weak Hurricane Forecasts: A Comprehensive Analysis of Weather Simulations and Observations
Authors: Li Meng , Zhang Jun A. , Matak Leo , Momen Mostafa 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The momentum roughness length (z0) significantly impacts wind predictions in weather and climate models. Nevertheless, the impacts of z0 parameterizations in different wind regimes and various model configurations on the hurricane size, intensity, and track simulations have not been thoroughly established. To bridge this knowledge gap, a comprehensive analysis of 310 simulations of 10 real hurricanes using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model is conducted in comparison with observations. Our results show that the default z0 parameterizations in WRF perform well for weak (category 1–2) hurricanes; however, they underestimate the intensities of strong (category 3–5) hurricanes. This finding is independent of model resolution or boundary layer schemes. The default values of z0 in WRF agree with the observational estimates from dropsonde data in weak hurricanes while they are much larger than observations in strong hurricanes regime. Decreasing z0 close to the values of observational estimates and theoretical hurricane intensity models in high wind regimes (≳45 m s−1) led to significant improvements in the intensity forecasts of strong hurricanes. A momentum budget analysis dynamically explained why the reduction of z0 (decreased surface turbulent stresses) leads to stronger simulated storms.
Near-Cloud Atmospheric Ingredients for Deep Convection Initiation
Authors: Marquis James N. , Feng Zhe , Varble Adam , Nelson T. Connor , Houston Adam , Peters John M. , Mulholland Jake P. , Hardin Joseph 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A lack of routine environmental observations located near deepening cumulus congestus clouds limits verification of important theorized and simulated updraft–environment interaction processes occurring during deep convection initiation (CI). We analyze radiosonde profiles collected during several hundred CI events near a mountain range in central Argentina during the CACTI field campaign. Statistical analyses illustrate environmental conditions supporting radar-observed CI outcomes that span a spectrum of convective cell depths, widths, and durations, as well as events lacking precipitating convection. Tested environmental factors include a large variety of sounding-derived measurements of CAPE, CIN, moisture, terrain-relative winds, vertical shear, and lifted parcel properties, with supplemental model reanalysis of background larger-scale vertical motion. CAPE and CIN metrics do not consistently differentiate CI success from failure. Only a few environmental factors contain consistent monotonic relationships among the spectrum of cloud depths achieved during CI: (i) the depth and strength of background ascent, and (ii) the component of low-level flow oriented parallel to the ridgeline. These metrics suggest that the ability of the surrounding flow to lift parcels to their LFC and terrain-modified flow are consistently relevant processes for CI. Low- to midlevel relative humidity strongly discriminated between CI and non-CI events, likely reflecting entrainment-driven dilution processes. However, we could not confidently conclude that relative humidity similarly discriminated robust from marginal CI events. Circumstantial evidence was found linking cell width, an important cloud property governing the probability of CI, to LCL height, boundary layer depth, depth and magnitude of the CIN layer, and ambient wind shear.
Validation and clinical evaluation of an ultra-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector method for plasma quantification of micafungin
Authors: Martín Marcos , Rebollo Noemí , Pérez-Blanco Jonás S , Otero María J , Zarzuelo-Castañeda Aránzazu 
Published: February 2023

Background Factors associated with interindividual variability in the pharmacokinetics of micafungin have been identified. This variability can cause underexposure and loss of drug efficacy. For this reason, a simple, fast, cost-effective and sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet detector (UPLC-UV) method was developed and validated for the quantification of micafungin. Methods The method involves simple plasma precipitation by UPLC with a reversed phase C18 column at 40°C coupled with ultraviolet detection set at a wavelength of 264 nm. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture 42/58 of potassium phosphate 20 mm and acetonitrile. Results The method was validated over the concentration range of 0.25–15.0 mg/L and proved to be reliable and reproducible with an average percentage of recoveries of 101.59 ± 3.93% and inter and intraday variation coefficients lower than 15% in all cases. The method was successfully applied in determining 30 samples from 10 patients being treated with micafungin. Conclusions The method proposed could be useful to facilitate the implementation of therapeutic drug monitoring for personalizing micafungin treatment in invasive fungal infections.
Informing COVID-19 Response and Health Equity Agenda: Collection of Public Health Reports Articles on Emerging Viral Epidemics in the United States, 1878-2021
Authors: Harada Noelle M. , Kuzmichev Andrey , Dembek Zygmunt F. , Ising Amy I. , Dean Hazel D. 
Published: February 2023

Objective: Public Health Reports ( PHR) is the oldest public health journal in the United States and has reported on viral epidemics since the 19th century. We describe the creation and analysis of a collection of historic PHR articles on emerging viral epidemics in the United States to inform public health response to COVID-19 and future epidemics. Methods: We searched databases from 1878 through 2021 using custom search strings and conducted a manual search for articles published under previously used names for PHR. We evaluated all articles based on inclusion/exclusion criteria and coded the final list for virus/disease, article type, public health emergency preparedness and response capabilities from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and PubMed citation count. Results: We identified 349 relevant articles including 130 commentaries/reviews/editorials, 79 epidemiologic reports, 75 research articles, and 65 case study/practice articles. The collection focused on influenza (n = 244), COVID-19 (n = 75), dengue (n = 14), and other emerging viruses, such as Zika and Ebola (n = 25). The collection included 48 articles on health disparities/health of various disadvantaged populations, highlighting such disparities as race and ethnicity (n = 22), socioeconomic status (n = 17), and age (n = 15). When we categorized articles by CDC public health emergency preparedness and response capabilities, we found that 207 addressed surveillance and epidemiologic investigation, 36 addressed community preparedness, and 28 addressed medical countermeasure dispensing and administration. The articles addressing surveillance and epidemiologic investigation, nonpharmaceutical interventions, and community preparedness had the most PubMed citations (799, 334, and 308, respectively). Conclusions: PHR’s historic articles on US emerging viral epidemics covered a range of virus/disease types, emergency preparedness and response capabilities, and contribution types and were widely cited in the scholarly literature. This publicly available and continuously updated collection is a valuable resource for pandemic planning and response.
Acceptance and commitment therapy for people with acquired brain injury: Rationale and description of the BrainACT treatment
Authors: Rauwenhoff Johanne CC , Bol Yvonne , van Heugten Caroline M , Batink Tim , Geusgens Chantal AV , van den Hout Anja JHC , Smits Peter , Verwegen Christianne RT , Visser Annemarie , Peeters Frenk 
Published: February 2023

Background The treatment of anxiety and depressive symptoms following acquired brain injury is complex and more evidence-based treatment options are needed. We are currently evaluating the BrainACT intervention; acceptance and commitment therapy for people with acquired brain injury. Rationale This paper describes the theoretical underpinning, the development and content of BrainACT. Acceptance and commitment therapy focuses on the acceptance of feelings, thoughts and bodily sensations and on living a valued life, without fighting against what is lost. Since the thoughts that people with acquired brain injury can experience are often realistic or appropriate given their situation, this may be a suitable approach. Theory into practice Existing evidence-based protocols were adapted for the needs and potential cognitive deficits after brain injury. General alterations are the use of visual materials, summaries and repetition. Acceptance and commitment therapy-specific adaptions include the Bus of Life metaphor as a recurrent exercise, shorter mindfulness exercises, simplified explanations, a focus on experiential exercises and the monitoring of committed actions. The intervention consists of eight one-hour sessions with a psychologist, experienced in acceptance and commitment therapy and in working with people with acquired brain injury. The order of the sessions, metaphors and exercises can be tailored to the needs of the patients. Discussion Currently, the effectiveness and feasibility of the intervention is evaluated in a randomised controlled trial. The BrainACT intervention is expected to be a feasible and effective intervention for people with anxiety or depressive symptoms following acquired brain injury.
Morbidity and mortality following heart failure rehabilitation: The effect of programme completion and 6-min walk test distance
Authors: Waite Iain , Pearson Clare , Greenwood Sharlene 
Published: February 2023

Objective To compare real-world data from a single centre heart failure rehabilitation programme, evaluating the effect of programme completion and improved functional capacity on morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure. Design A retrospective longitudinal analysis of service outcomes. Setting A single-centre London based NHS trust. Participants Patients attending heart failure rehabilitation between 2016 and 2020. Intervention Patients participated in a 12-week heart failure rehabilitation programme with those completing ≥6 rehabilitation sessions classified as ‘completers’. Main Measures Pre and post 6-min walk tests measured improvement in physical ability, depicted by a meaningful increase in distance (≥30 m). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to predict risk of event (myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, heart failure readmission and death) between ‘completers’ and ‘non-completers’. Kaplan–Meier Log rank was employed for ‘completers’, examining time to event between ‘improvers’ (6-min walk test ≥30 m) and ‘non-improvers’ (6-min walk test <30 m). Results 137 patients (male 61%) attended heart failure rehabilitation over the 4-year period. 86% ( n = 117) of patients completed the programme. During the follow-up period, there were 25 events, including three deaths. There was no statistically significant difference in time to event between completers and non-completers, ( P = 0.563). Improvement in 6-min walk test results demonstrate some short-term benefit, however no long-term benefits in morbidity and mortality were seen ( P = 0.888). Conclusions Completion of heart failure rehabilitation is not associated with a lower risk of combined event in this study. Improved 6-min walk test appears to be associated with short-term advantage in event-free survival time.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging in migraine: A systematic review
Authors: Schramm Severin , Börner Corinna , Reichert Miriam , Baum Thomas , Zimmer Claus , Heinen Florian , Bonfert Michaela V , Sollmann Nico 
Published: February 2023

Background Migraine is a highly prevalent primary headache disorder. Despite a high burden of disease, key disease mechanisms are not entirely understood. Functional magnetic resonance imaging is an imaging method using the blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal, which has been increasingly used in migraine research over recent years. This systematic review summarizes recent findings employing functional magnetic resonance imaging for the investigation of migraine. Methods We conducted a systematic search and selection of functional magnetic resonance imaging applications in migraine from April 2014 to December 2021 (PubMed and references of identified articles according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines). Methodological details and main findings were extracted and synthesized. Results Out of 224 articles identified, 114 were included after selection. Repeatedly emerging structures of interest included the insula, brainstem, limbic system, hypothalamus, thalamus, and functional networks. Assessment of functional brain changes in response to treatment is emerging, and machine learning has been used to investigate potential functional magnetic resonance imaging-based markers of migraine. Conclusions A wide variety of functional magnetic resonance imaging-based metrics were found altered across the brain for heterogeneous migraine cohorts, partially correlating with clinical parameters and supporting the concept to conceive migraine as a brain state. However, a majority of findings from previous studies have not been replicated, and studies varied considerably regarding image acquisition and analyses techniques. Thus, while functional magnetic resonance imaging appears to have the potential to advance our understanding of migraine pathophysiology, replication of findings in large representative datasets and precise, standardized reporting of clinical data would likely benefit the field and further increase the value of observations.
OnabotulinumtoxinA effects on trigeminal nociceptors
Authors: Moore Ashley A , Nelson Mariana , Wickware Christopher , Choi Shinbe , Moon Gene , Xiong Emma , Orta Lily , Brideau-Andersen Amy , Brin Mitchell F , Broide Ron S , Liedtke Wolfgang , Moore Carlene 
Published: February 2023

Background OnabotulinumtoxinA (onabotA) is approved globally for prevention of chronic migraine; however, the classical mechanism of action of onabotA in motor and autonomic neurons cannot fully explain the effectiveness of onabotulinumtoxinA in this sensory neurological disease. We sought to explore the direct effects of onabotulinumtoxinA on mouse trigeminal ganglion sensory neurons using an inflammatory soup-based model of sensitization. Methods Primary cultured trigeminal ganglion neurons were pre-treated with inflammatory soup, then treated with onabotulinumtoxinA (2.75 pM). Treated neurons were used to examine transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 cell-surface expression, calcium influx, and neuropeptide release. Results We found that onabotulinumtoxinA cleaved synaptosomal-associated protein-25 kDa in cultured trigeminal ganglion neurons; synaptosomal-associated protein-25 kDa cleavage was enhanced by inflammatory soup pre-treatment, suggesting greater uptake of toxin under sensitized conditions. OnabotulinumtoxinA also prevented inflammatory soup-mediated increases in TRPV1 and TRPA1 cell-surface expression, without significantly altering TRPV1 or TRPA1 protein expression in unsensitized conditions. We observed similar inhibitory effects of onabotulinumtoxinA on TRP-mediated calcium influx and TRPV1- and TRPA1-mediated release of calcitonin gene-related peptide and prostaglandin 2 under sensitized, but not unsensitized control, conditions. Conclusions Our data deepen the understanding of the sensory mechanism of action of onabotulinumtoxinA and support the notion that, once endocytosed, the cytosolic light chain of onabotulinumtoxinA cleaves synaptosomal-associated protein-25 kDa to prevent soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor-mediated processes more generally in motor, autonomic, and sensory neurons.