bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing Sodium Storage Mechanism in Hollow Carbon Nanospheres Using Liquid Phase Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Hou Jing , Song Zihan , Odziomek Mateusz , Tarakina Nadezda V. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCarbonaceous materials are promising sodium‐ion battery anodes. Improving their performance requires a detailed understanding of the ion transport in these materials, some important aspects of which are still under debate. In this work, nitrogen‐doped porous hollow carbon spheres (N‐PHCSs) are employed as a model system for operando analysis of sodium storage behavior in a commercial liquid electrolyte at the nanoscale. By combining the ex situ characterization at different states of charge with operando transmission electron microscopy experiments, it is found that a solvated ionic layer forms on the surface of N‐PHCSs at the beginning of sodiation, followed by the irreversible shell expansion due to the solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation and subsequent storage of Na(0) within the porous carbon shell. This shows that binding between Na(0) and C creates a Schottky junction making Na deposition inside the spheres more energetically favorable at low current densities. During sodiation, the SEI fills the gap between N‐PHCSs, binding spheres together and facilitating the sodium ions' transport toward the current collector and subsequent plating underneath the electrode. The N‐PHCSs layer acts as a protective layer between the electrolyte and the current collector, suppressing the possible growth of dendrites at the anode.
Photothermal‐Switched Single‐Atom Nanozyme Specificity for Pretreatment and Sensing
Authors: Wu Yu , Tang Yinjun , Xu Weiqing , Su Rina , Qin Ying , Jiao Lei , Wang Hengjia , Cui Xiaowen , Zheng Lirong , Wang Canglong , Hu Liuyong , Gu Wenling , Du Dan , Lin Yuehe , Zhu Chengzhou 
Published: June 2023

AbstractVarious applications lead to the requirement of nanozymes with either specific activity or multiple enzyme‐like activities. To this end, intelligent nanozymes with freely switching specificity abilities hold great promise to adapt to complicated and changeable practical conditions. Herein, a nitrogen‐doped carbon‐supported copper single‐atom nanozyme (named Cu SA/NC) with switchable specificity is reported. Atomically dispersed active sites endow Cu SA/NC with specific peroxidase‐like activity at room temperature. Furthermore, the intrinsic photothermal conversion ability of Cu SA/NC enables the specificity switch by additional laser irradiation, where photothermal‐induced temperature elevation triggers the expression of oxidase‐like and catalase‐like activity of Cu SA/NC. For further applications in practice, a pretreatment‐and‐sensing integration kit (PSIK) is constructed, where Cu SA/NC can successively achieve sample pretreatment and sensitive detection by switching from multi‐activity mode to specific‐activity mode. This study sets the foundation for nanozymes with switchable specificity and broadens the application scope in point‐of‐care testing.
Severity Factor (SF): An aid to developers for application of refactoring operations to improve software quality
Authors: Agnihotri Mansi , Chug Anuradha 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBad smells are certain flaws in the structure of the code that might not disturb the normal functioning of a program but negatively affects the software quality. Developers use refactoring as a corrective measure for the treatment of bad smells. The current study aids the developers in the application of refactoring by identifying the critical classes, that is, classes that are challenging to maintain and are of degraded quality. In this study, 10 quality metrics and 10 bad smells have been selected to conduct an investigation on different releases of five open‐source systems. A new metric, severity factor (SF) has been introduced that categorizes the classes of the selected systems into four criticality levels—severe, major, mid, and low. Also, the relationship between SF, criticality levels, and the refactoring operations has been analyzed. The findings show that 60% of the total classes have been affected by bad smells, and long statement is the most dominant smell present in 27.6% of the classes. The results show 84% of the refactoring operations have been performed on highly critical classes. Thus, the SF metric plays a crucial role in driving the developer's attention to the critical classes that need to be treated urgently.
LC method for the quantification of Quercetin, Berberine, and Phytosterol in lyophilized liposome
Authors: Bhavsar Puja , Jha Lalit Lata , Patel Lima , Tandel Falguni 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study was to create a liquid chromatographic method that could accurately and simultaneously quantify the amount of Quercetin, Berberine, and Phytosterol present in lyophilized liposome used to treat metabolic syndrome. To achieve this goal, the team utilized a Shim‐pack GIST C8 column with a gradient elution of 0.1% (V/V) triethylamine buffer: acetonitrile at 30°C. They analyzed the phytoconstituents using an eluent flow rate of 1 mL/min and ultraviolet detection at 205 nm. The method was linear within a range of 25–77 μg/mL, which had excellent correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.9998, 0.9998, and 0.9996 for Quercetin, Berberine, and Phytosterol, respectively. The %RSD for precision and robustness of the method were also less than 2%, and the recovery values for Quercetin, Berberine, and Phytosterol were 99.5%, 100.5%, and 99.8%, respectively. The assay values of were found to be 100.2%, 101.6%, and 100.5% for Quercetin, Berberine, and Phytosterol, loaded lyophilized liposomes, respectively. As a result, this specific, accurate, and precise method can be employed for the routine analysis of Quercetin, Berberine, and Phytosterols in QC laboratories.
Compression behavior of reactive powder concrete confined with high‐strength spiral stirrups
Authors: Chang Wei , Zheng Wenzhong , Hao Meijing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe lateral confinement of stirrups can improve the load‐bearing capacity and ductility of reactive powder concrete (RPC) columns. To explore the compression behavior of RPC confined with high‐strength stirrups, 45 specimens were prepared and tested under axial compression. The concrete strength was in the range of 99.86–138.24 MPa, the tensile strength of stirrups was Grade 800, Grade 970, and Grade 1270, and the volumetric ratios of stirrups were in the range of 0.9%–2.0%. The results showed that the failure modes of RPC confined with stirrups were shear expansion failure. The compressive strength and ductility of confined RPC were improved with the increase of stirrups volumetric ratios, while stirrups strength slightly affected the compressive strength and ductility. In addition, the peak stress, peak strain, and residual stress prediction models were proposed. Furthermore, the ductility index prediction models were proposed, which can be applied to determine the volumetric ratio of stirrups in stirrups confined concrete columns.
Examining Language Teacher Identity and Intersectionality Across Instructional Contexts Through the Experience ofPerezhivanie
Authors: Weng Zhenjie , Troyan Francis John , Fernández Loretta , McGuire Mark 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article reports on an ethnographic case study of the professional identity development of Mark—an English language teacher who identified as cisgender, gay, Catholic, white, and not wealthy. Using the lenses of intersectionality (e.g., Crenshaw, 1989, 1991) andperezhivanie(Vygotsky, 1999)—“the emotional and visceral impact of lived experiences” (van de Veer & Valsiner, 1994, p. 339)—we examined the multiplicity of identities (e.g., Norton, 2017) in Mark's experiences across contexts in China and the USA. Ethnographic data included interviews, fieldnotes, classroom audio‐recordings, and other supportive data. The findings demonstrate the central mediating role ofperezhivaniein allowing him to safely re‐envision identities in a given context based on prior experiences and knowledge. Mark's dynamic movement ofinandoutof his multiplicity of identities across contexts produced distinctperezhivanieexperiences that informed the development of his identities and pedagogies within and beyond those contexts. Methodologically, our approach was enhanced by the use of photo‐elicited interviewing. This methodology allowed Mark to tap into his multiple identities, including those that were assigned to him by the local context or by a broader policy context and those that he felt comfortable to take up. We conclude with implications for research and practice that examines language teacher identities and intersectionality throughperezhivanieexperiences in the past and explores the relationship among them and places them in conversation with present identities and experiences.
Impact of fetal growth restriction on pregnancy outcome in women undergoing expectant management for preterm pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Cluver C. A. , Bergman L. , Bergkvist J. , Imberg H. , Geerts L. , Hall D. R. , Mol B. W. , Tong S. , Walker S. P. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo assess whether coexisting fetal growth restriction (FGR) influences pregnancy latency among women with preterm pre‐eclampsia undergoing expectant management. Secondary outcomes assessed were indication for delivery, mode of delivery and rate of serious adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of the Pre‐eclampsia Intervention (PIE) and the Pre‐eclampsia Intervention 2 (PI2) trial data. These randomized controlled trials evaluated whether esomeprazole and metformin could prolong gestation of women diagnosed with pre‐eclampsia between 26 and 32 weeks of gestation undergoing expectant management. Delivery indications were deteriorating maternal or fetal status, or reaching 34 weeks' gestation. FGR (defined by Delphi consensus) at the time of pre‐eclampsia diagnosis was examined as a predictor of outcome. Only placebo data from PI2 were included, as the trial showed that metformin use was associated with prolonged gestation. All outcome data were collected prospectively from diagnosis of pre‐eclampsia to 6 weeks after the expected due date.ResultsOf the 202 women included, 92 (45.5%) had FGR at the time of pre‐eclampsia diagnosis. Median pregnancy latency was 6.8 days in the FGR group and 15.3 days in the control group (difference 8.5 days; adjusted 0.49‐fold change (95% CI, 0.33–0.74); P < 0.001). FGR pregnancies were less likely to reach 34 weeks' gestation (12.0% vs 30.9%; adjusted relative risk (aRR), 0.44 (95% CI, 0.23–0.83)) and more likely to be delivered for suspected fetal compromise (64.1% vs 36.4%; aRR, 1.84 (95% CI, 1.36–2.47)). More women with FGR underwent a prelabor emergency Cesarean section (66.3% vs 43.6%; aRR, 1.56 (95% CI, 1.20–2.03)) and were less likely to have a successful induction of labor (4.3% vs 14.5%; aRR, 0.32 (95% CI, 0.10–1.00)), compared to those without FGR. The rate of maternal complications did not differ significantly between the two groups. FGR was associated with a higher rate of infant death (14.1% vs 4.5%; aRR, 3.26 (95% CI, 1.08–9.81)) and need for intubation and mechanical ventilation (15.2% vs 5.5%; aRR, 2.97 (95% CI, 1.11–7.90)).ConclusionFGR is commonly present in women with early preterm pre‐eclampsia and outcome is poorer. FGR is associated with shorter pregnancy latency, more emergency Cesarean deliveries, fewer successful inductions and increased rates of neonatal morbidity and mortality. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Renal adenocarcinoma found in a clinically lame marbled duck (Marmaronetta angustirostris)
Authors: Langguth Anna , Spiro Simon , Strike Taina , Berry Karla , Molenaar Fieke Marije 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLameness is a frequent reason for captive waterfowl to be presented to a veterinarian. This case report describes unilateral right hindlimb lameness in an 11‐year‐old, female marbled duck kept at a zoological collection in the United Kingdom. Although the bird was euthanased after clinical and radiographic examination, both supported a diagnosis of degenerative joint disease, postmortem examination revealed a renal adenocarcinoma, which possibly put pressure on the nerves of the left hindlimb and may have interfered with the duck's mobility. This case highlights that coelomic issues may lead to lameness in avian patients and, as such, clinicians must consider changes in soft tissue structures alongside skeletal abnormalities when evaluating radiographic images in cases of lameness.
Prediction approaches for partly missing multi‐omics covariate data: A literature review and an empirical comparison study
Authors: Hornung Roman , Ludwigs Frederik , Hagenberg Jonas , Boulesteix Anne‐Laure 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAs the availability of omics data has increased in the last few years, more multi‐omics data have been generated, that is, high‐dimensional molecular data consisting of several types such as genomic, transcriptomic, or proteomic data, all obtained from the same patients. Such data lend themselves to being used as covariates in automatic outcome prediction because each omics type may contribute unique information, possibly improving predictions compared to using only one omics data type. Frequently, however, in the training data and the data to which automatic prediction rules should be applied, the test data, the different omics data types are not available for all patients. We refer to this type of data as block‐wise missing multi‐omics data. First, we provide a literature review on existing prediction methods applicable to such data. Subsequently, using a collection of 13 publicly available multi‐omics data sets, we compare the predictive performances of several of these approaches for different block‐wise missingness patterns. Finally, we discuss the results of this empirical comparison study and draw some tentative conclusions.This article is categorized under:
Applications of Computational Statistics > Genomics/Proteomics/Genetics
Applications of Computational Statistics > Health and Medical Data/Informatics
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Analysis of High Dimensional Data
Do not disturb: Visitors' effect on the behavior and welfare of female and male big cats in zoos
Authors: Spiezio Caterina , Galardi Elena Giulia , Sandri Camillo , Regaiolli Barbara 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe effect of visitor presence on animal behavior needs to be evaluated to ensure the welfare and improve the husbandry of the individuals in zoos. This study aims to assess the effect of visitor presence on the behavior and welfare of pairs of Amur tiger, snow leopard, and Eurasian lynx at Parco Natura Viva, Italy. The study was made of two periods: the baseline, in which the zoo was closed, and the visitor presence period, in which the zoo was opened. Per period and per subject 12 30‐min observations were done. Continuous focal animal sampling method was used to collect behavior duration of the big cats. The main results of the study highlighted that, when visitors were present, all felids except for the female lynx were significantly more inactive than in the baseline. Moreover, despite interindividual and inter‐species variability in the significance level of findings, natural behaviors such as attentive behavior, exploration/marking, locomotion, and positive social interactions were performed more in the baseline than in the visitor presence period. Finally, when visitors were present, as the studied subjects experienced daily longer exposure to visitors, inactivity increased whereas individual species‐typical behaviors (e.g., locomotion) and positive social interactions decreased. Thus, visitors seem to partially alter the behavioral time‐budgets of the study big cats, increasing inactivity and decreasing the performance of species‐specific behavior, at least in some individuals.
TUM-ParticleTyper 2: automated quantitative analysis of (microplastic) particles and fibers down to 1 $${\upmu }$$m by Raman microspectroscopy
Authors: Jacob Oliver , Ramírez-Piñero Alejandro , Elsner Martin , Ivleva Natalia P. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAccurate quantification of small microplastics in environmental and food samples is a prerequisite for studying their potential hazard. Knowledge of numbers, size distributions and polymer type for particles and fibers is particularly relevant in this respect. Raman microspectroscopy can identify particles down to 1 $${\upmu }$$
μ
m in diameter. Here, a fully automated procedure for quantifying microplastics across the entire defined size range is presented as the core of the new software TUM-ParticleTyper 2. This software implements the theoretical approaches of random window sampling and on-the-fly confidence interval estimation during ongoing measurements. It also includes improvements to image processing and fiber recognition (when compared to the previous software TUM-ParticleTyper for analysis of particles/fibers $$> 10$$

>
10

$${\upmu }$$
μ
m), and a new approach to adaptive de-agglomeration. Repeated measurements of internally produced secondary reference microplastics were evaluated to assess the precision of the whole procedure.
Silver nanoclusters with Ag2+/3+ oxidative states are a new highly effective tool against phytopathogenic bacteria
Authors: Orfei Benedetta , Moretti Chiaraluce , Loreti Stefania , Tatulli Giuseppe , Onofri Andrea , Scotti Luca , Aceto Antonio , Buonaurio Roberto 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The main measure worldwide adopted to manage plant bacterial diseases is based on the application of copper compounds, which are often partially efficacious for the frequent appearance of copper-resistant bacterial strains and have raised concerns for their toxicity to the environment and humans. Therefore, there is an increasing need to develop new environmentally friendly, efficient, and reliable strategies for controlling plant bacterial diseases, and among them, the use of nanoparticles seems promising. The present study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of protecting plants against attacks of gram-negative and gram-positive phytopathogenic bacteria by using electrochemically synthesized silver ultra nanoclusters (ARGIRIUM‑SUNCs®) with an average size of 1.79 nm and characterized by rare oxidative states (Ag2+/3+). ARGIRIUM‑SUNCs strongly inhibited the in vitro growth (effective concentration, EC50, less than 1 ppm) and biofilm formation of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato and of quarantine bacteria Xanthomonas vesicatoria, Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca, and Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. In addition, treatments with ARGIRIUM‑SUNCs also provoked the eradication of biofilm for P. syringae pv. tomato, X. vesicatoria, and C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. Treatment of tomato plants via root absorption with ARGIRIUM‑SUNCs (10 ppm) is not phytotoxic and protected (80%) the plants against P. syringae pv. tomato attacks. ARGIRIUM‑SUNCs at low doses induced hormetic effects on P. syringae pv. tomato, X. vesicatoria, and C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis as well as on tomato root growth. The use of ARGIRIUM‑SUNCs in protecting plants against phytopathogenic bacteria is a possible alternative control measure.

Key points
• ARGIRIUM‑SUNC has strong antimicrobial activities against phytopathogenic bacteria;
• ARGIRIUM‑SUNC inhibits biofilm formation at low doses;
• ARGIRIUM‑SUNC protects tomato plants against bacterial speck disease.
Neurodegeneration in the retina of motoneuron diseases: a longitudinal study in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Kennedy’s disease
Authors: Miscioscia Alessandro , Puthenparampil Marco , Blasi Lorenzo , Rinaldi Francesca , Perini Paola , Sorarù Gianni , Gallo Paolo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
To what extent retinal atrophy in neurodegenerative diseases reflects the severity and/or the chronicity of brain pathology or is a local independent phenomenon remains to be clarified. Moreover, whether retinal atrophy has a clinical (diagnostic and prognostic) value in these diseases remains unclear.

Objective
To add light on the pathological significance and clinical value of retinal atrophy in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Kennedy’s disease (KD).

Methods
Thirty-five ALS, thirty-seven KD, and forty-nine age-matched healthy controls (HC) were included in a one-year longitudinal study. Spectrum-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed at study entry (T0) and after 12 months (T1). Disease duration and functional rating scale (FRS) for ALS and KD patients were correlated to retinal thicknesses.

Results
Compared to HC, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness was significantly thinner in both ALS (p = 0.034) and KD (p = 0.003). pRNFL was thinner in KD compared to ALS, but the difference was not significant. In KD, pRNFL atrophy significantly correlated with both disease severity (r = 0.296, p = 0.035) and disease duration (r = – 0.308, p = 0.013) while no significant correlation was found in ALS (disease severity: r = 0.147, p = 0.238; disease duration: r = – 0.093, p = 0.459). During the follow-up, pRNFL thickness remained stable in KD while significantly decreased in ALS (p = 0.043).

Conclusions
Our study provides evidence of retinal atrophy in both ALS and KD and suggests that retinal thinning is a primary local phenomenon in motoneuron diseases. The clinical value of pRNFL atrophy in KD is worthy of further investigation.
Assessing Prevalence and Characteristics of Oro-bulbar Involvement in Children and Adults with SMA Type 2 and 3 Using a Multimodal Approach
Authors: Trucco Federica , Salmin Francesca , Lizio Andrea , Coratti Giorgia , Albamonte Emilio , Frisoni Maria Chiara , Mauro Luca , Carraro Elena , Palazzo Giovanni , Lops Jessica , Cattaneo Camilla , Pozzi Susanna , Casiraghi Jacopo , Di Bari Alessandra , Berti Beatrice , Stanca Giulia , Ricci Martina , Pane Marika , Heatwole Chad , Dilek Nuran , Mercuri Eugenio , Sansone Valeria Ada 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBulbar and jaw muscles are impaired in patients with Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) but the assessment of their severity and progression are limited by the lack of age-appropriate and disease-specific measures. We investigated mastication and swallowing in children and adults with SMA, sitters and walkers. In a 2-year multicentre cross-sectional prospective study, lip and tongue strength (Iowa Oral Performance Instrument), chewing and swallowing (Test of Masticating and Swallowing Solids), active mouth opening (aMMO) were compared to age-appropriate normative data. The perceived burden of oro-bulbar involvement (SMA-Health Index) was recorded. 78 patients were included, 45 children (median age 7.4 years),22 adults (median age 26.8 years) on nusinersen and 11 untreated (median age 32.7 years). Forty-three percent children had reduced mouth opening, 50% had prolonged total time to eat. These issues were more prominent in sitters than in walkers (p = 0.019, p = 0.014). Sixty-six percent needed increased swallows for bolus clearance. Nusinersen treated adults had median aMMO, tongue strength and total time at TOMASS values within normal range (z score: −1.40, −1.22, −1.32, respectively) whereas untreated adults had reduced aMMO (z score: −2.68) and tongue strength (z score: −2.20). Only a minority of children (2/17) and treated adults (5/21) reported burden in swallowing or mastication compared to all untreated adults (5/5). After 16 months, mastication and swallowing were stable in treated children and adults, whether sitters or walkers. The reported multimodal approach to assess oro-bulbar functions demonstrate that swallowing and mastication are impaired in SMA despite patients’ perception. These results suggest a trend towards stabilization of oro-bulbar function in patients on long-term treatment with nusinersen.