bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of menopausal hormone therapy and ovarian cancer risk in a French cohort study
Authors: Fournier Agnès , Cairat Manon , Severi Gianluca , Gunter Marc J , Rinaldi Sabina , Dossus Laure 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Epidemiological studies have found that menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) use is associated with an increased ovarian cancer risk. However, whether different MHT types confer the same level of risk is unclear. We estimated the associations between different MHT types and the risk of ovarian cancer in a prospective cohort.

Methods
The study population included 75 606 postmenopausal women from the E3N cohort. Exposure to MHT was identified from self-reports in biennial questionnaires between 1992 and 2004 and from drug claim data matched to the cohort between 2004 and 2014. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of ovarian cancer were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models with MHT as a time-varying exposure. Tests of statistical significance were 2-sided.

Results
Over an average 15.3 years follow-up, 416 ovarian cancers were diagnosed. Hazard ratios of ovarian cancer associated with ever use of estrogens combined with progesterone or dydrogesterone and ever use of estrogens combined with other progestagen were equal to 1.28 (95% CI = 1.04 to 1.57) and 0.81 (95% CI = 0.65 to 1.00), respectively (Phomogeneity = .003), compared with never use. The hazard ratio for unopposed estrogen use was 1.09 (95% CI = 0.82 to 1.46). We found no trend according to duration of use or time since last use except for estrogens combined with progesterone or dydrogesterone, which showed decreasing risk with increasing time since last use.

Conclusion
Different MHT types may impact ovarian cancer risk differentially. The possibility that MHT containing progestagens other than progesterone or dydrogesterone may confer some protection should be evaluated in other epidemiological studies.
Call to action: overcoming enrollment disparities in cancer clinical trials with modernized eligibility criteria
Authors: Riner Andrea N , Freudenberger Devon C , Herremans Kelly M , Vudatha Vignesh , Neal Daniel W , George Thomas J , Trevino Jose G 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Traditional clinical trial eligibility criteria restrict study populations, perpetuating enrollment disparities. We aimed to assess implementation of modernized eligibility criteria guidelines among pancreatic cancer (PC) clinical trials. Interventional PC trials in the United States since January 1, 2014, were identified via clinicaltrials.gov with December 31, 2017, as the transition for pre- and postguidance eras. Trials were assessed for guideline compliance and compared using Fisher exact test. In total, 198 trials were identified: 86 (43.4%) were pre- and 112 (56.6%) postguidance era. Improvements were seen in allowing patients with history of HIV (8.6% vs 43.8%; P &lt; .0001), prior cancer (57.0% vs 72.3%; P = .034), or concurrent and/or stable cancer (2.1% vs 31.1%; P &lt; .0001) to participate. Most (&gt;95%) trials were compliant with laboratory reference ranges, QT interval corrected for heart rate (QTc) cutoffs, and rationalizing excluding prior therapies both pre- and postguidance eras. However, overall compliance with modernized criteria remains poor. We advocate for stakeholders to update protocols and scrutinize traditionally restrictive eligibility criteria.
Rivals’ Exit and Vertical Merger Evaluation
Authors: Donna Javier D , Pereira Pedro 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We discuss a subset of vertical mergers, where the exercise of market power and the efficiencies enabled by a vertical merger reduce rivals’ profits, making rivals’ exit a potentially serious concern. Rivals’ exit can fundamentally alter the welfare analysis of vertical mergers due to the reduction in product variety to consumers and the reduction in the number of competitors that would otherwise exert downward pricing pressure. An exit-inducing vertical merger might reduce welfare even if it is a welfare-enhancing merger absent exit. We present a theoretical framework to analyze vertical mergers that focuses on the possibility and consequences of exit, discuss the antitrust implications for merger evaluation, and provide examples. We argue that the possibility of rivals’ exit should be an integral part of the analysis of vertical mergers.
An unusual case of colonic duplication cyst in an adult with dysplasia
Authors: Shanmugalingam Aswin , Duxbury Hayley , Choi Joseph Do Woong , Kwik Charlotte , P’Ng Chow Heok , Kim Lauren , Pathma-Nathan Nimalan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDuplication cysts are rare benign congenital malformations typically identified in children by the age of 2 years. We report a rare case of colonic duplication cyst with dysplasia in an adult. A 32-year-old male was diagnosed with non-specific abdominal symptoms. Abdominopelvic computed tomography scan demonstrated a submucosal cystic lesion in the right colon. He underwent laparoscopic right hemicolectomy. Histopathology showed colonic duplication cyst with low grade dysplasia. He is due for a surveillance colonoscopy in 3 years. Duplication cyst in an adult colon with dysplasia is extremely rare. They are usually present in the terminal ileum. They have non-specific abdominal symptoms or can be asymptomatic. They are often identified incidentally or intraoperatively. Imaging may demonstrate a cystic lesion. Histopathology is required for definitive diagnosis. There are no guidelines or consensus on managing duplication cysts in adults. We recommend an oncological resection of the involved colon. Surveillance with routine colonoscopy is advisable.
On Negation with the Bipartite Constructions ʿĒB-(V/V:)Š and MĀ-(V/V:)Š in Šrūgi Arabic
Authors: Hassan Qasim 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The split of the gǝlǝt dialects into Šrūgi and non-Šrūgi types was first introduced by the author in three studies. Here a correlation was observed between the geographic distribution of the gǝlǝt dialects and the sectarian affiliation of their speakers (Hassan 2020: 167, 2021a: 52, 2021b: 195 n. 1). The term Šrūgi refers to all gǝlǝt dialects over-whelmingly spoken by the Shīʿa population in southern Iraq and the Middle Euphrates Area, whereas the term non-Šrūgi denotes the gǝlǝt dialects of the Sunna population in the northern and western parts of the country. Accordingly, the term Šrūgi appears to be broader in scope than the traditional ‘southern Iraq’, which refers to only the southern part of the Šrūgi area. Research on negation in Šrūgi Arabic in general and on the bipartite negative constructions ʿēb-(v/v:)š and mā-(v/v:)š in particular, has thus far been very scant. In the published literature, only the single negative particles ʿēb and mā- and the split morpheme mā-(v/v:)š have been discussed, but no mention has been made of the bipartite construction ʿēb-(v/v:)š. What is more, the single negator ʿēb and the bipartite construction mā-(v/v:)š have usually been considered, although in passing, exclusive marshland features, a view that has unnecessarily been adopted in subsequent related contributions on negation in Šrūgi Arabic. However, recent research conducted by the author has shown the wide distribution of these constructions, mā-(v/v:)š in particular, in the Šrūgi area, in fact establishing an isogloss between the Šrūgi and the non-Šrūgi dialectal areas. The goal of this paper is to add new information to our knowledge of negation with the bipartite constructions ʿēb-(v/v:)š and mā-(v/v:)š in Šrūgi Arabic, showing at the same time that both constructions are not recent innovations, but their distribution has not been reported until now.
Mass derivation of planets K2-21b and K2-21c from transit timing variations
Authors: El Moutamid Maryame , Stevenson Kevin B , Quarles Billy , Lewis Nikole K , Petigura Erik , Fabrycky Daniel , Bean Jacob L , Dragomir Diana , Sotzen Kristin S , Werner Michael W 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
While various indirect methods are used to detect exoplanets, one of the most effective and accurate methods is the transit method, which measures the brightness of a given star for periodic dips when an exoplanet is passing in front of the parent star. For systems with multiple transiting planets, the gravitational perturbations between planets affect their transit times. The difference in transit times allows a measurement of the planet masses and orbital eccentricities. These parameters help speculating on the formation, evolution, and stability of the system. Using transit timing variations (TTVs), we measure the masses and eccentricities of two planets orbiting K2-21, a relatively bright K7 dwarf star. These two planets exhibit measurable TTVs, have orbital periods of about 9.32 and 15.50 d, respectively, and a period ratio of about 1.66, which is relatively near to the 5:3 mean motion resonance. We report that the inner and outer planets in the K2-21 system have properties consistent with the presence of a hydrogen- and helium-dominated atmosphere, as we estimate their masses to be $1.59^{+0.52}_{-0.44}$ and $3.88^{+1.22}_{-1.07}\, \mathrm{ M}_\oplus$ and densities of $0.22^{+0.05}_{-0.04}$ and $0.34^{+0.08}_{-0.06}\, \rho _\oplus$, respectively (M⊕ and ρ⊕ are the mass and density of the Earth, respectively). Our results show that the inner planet is less dense than the outer planet; one more counterintuitive exoplanetary system such as Kepler-105, LTT 1445, TOI-175, and Kepler-279 systems.
Dynamical tides in Jupiter and other rotationally flattened planets and stars with stable stratification
Authors: Dewberry Janosz W 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTWe develop a numerical method for directly computing the dissipative dynamical tidal response of rapidly rotating, oblate stars and gaseous planets with realistic internal structures. Applying these calculations to neutrally and stably stratified polytropes, we identify the most relevant resonances in models with rotation rates up to nearly the mass-shedding limit. We then compute the dynamical tidal response for Jupiter interior models including both stably stratified and convective regions. These calculations show that resonances involving mixed waves with both gravito-inertial and purely inertial character are capable of explaining a discrepancy between observations and hydrostatic calculations of Jupiter’s response to tidal forcing by Io. This result contrasts with recent work that excluded Jupiter’s rotational flattening, and opens the door to resonances involving a wider range of internal oscillation modes than previously considered.
A Gaian habitable zone
Authors: Arthur Rudy , Nicholson Arwen 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTWhen searching for inhabited exoplanets, understanding the boundaries of the habitable zone around the parent star is the key. If life can strongly influence its global environment, then we would expect the boundaries of the habitable zone to be influenced by the presence of life. Here, using a simple abstract model of ‘tangled-ecology’ where life can influence a global parameter, labelled as temperature, we investigate the boundaries of the habitable zone of our model system. As with other models of life-climate interactions, the species act to regulate the temperature. However, the system can also experience ‘punctuations’, where the system’s state jumps between different equilibria. Despite this, an ensemble of systems still tends to sustain or even improve conditions for life on average, a feature we call Entropic Gaia. The mechanism behind this is sequential selection with memory which is discussed in detail. With this modelling framework we investigate questions about how Gaia can affect and ultimately extend the habitable zone to what we call the Gaian habitable zone. This generates concrete predictions for the size of the habitable zone around stars, suggests directions for future work on the simulation of exoplanets and provides insight into the Gaian bottleneck hypothesis and the habitability/inhabitance paradox.
The non-explosive stellar merging origin of the ultra-massive carbon-rich white dwarfs
Authors: Kawka Adela , Ferrario Lilia , Vennes Stéphane 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
We have investigated the origin of a sub-class of carbon-polluted white dwarfs (DQ) originally identified as the “hot DQ” white dwarfs. These objects are relatively hot ($10\, 000\lesssim T_{\rm eff}\lesssim 25\, 000$ K), have markedly higher carbon abundance (C-enriched), are more massive (M ≳ 0.8 M⊙) than ordinary DQs (M ∼ 0.6 M⊙), and display high space velocities. Hence, despite their young appearance their kinematic properties are those of an old white dwarf population. The way out of this dilemma is to assume that they formed via the merging of two white dwarfs. In this paper, we examine the observed characteristics of this population of “C-enriched” DQ white dwarfs and confirm that nearly half of the 63 known objects have kinematic properties consistent with those of the Galactic thick disc or halo. We have also conducted population synthesis studies and found that the merging hypothesis is indeed compatible with observations. Studies of this sub-class of white dwarfs have important implications for our understanding of Type Ia Supernovae (SNeIa), commonly used to determine the expansion history of the Universe, since the same formation channel applies to both kinds of objects. Hence, probing the properties of these white dwarfs that failed to explode may yield important constraints to the modelling of the mechanisms leading to a thermonuclear runaway.
Anisotropic electron transport in the nuclear pasta phase
Authors: Pelicer M R , Antonelli M , Menezes D P , Gulminelli F 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTThe presence of nuclear pasta is expected to modify the transport properties in the mantle of neutron stars. The non-spherical geometry of the pasta nuclear clusters leads to anisotropies in the collision frequencies, impacting the thermal and electrical conductivity. We derive analytical expressions for the anisotropic collision frequencies using the Boltzmann equation in the relaxation time approximation. The average parallel, perpendicular, and Hall electrical conductivities are computed in the high-temperature regime above crustal melting, considering incoherent elastic electron-pasta scattering and randomly oriented pasta structures. Numerical values are obtained at different densities and temperatures by using the Indiana University–Florida State University (IUFSU) parametrization of the non-linear Walecka model to determine the crustal structure. We find that the anisotropy of the collision frequencies grows with the length of the pasta structures and, independently of the magnetic field, the presence of rod and slab phases decreases the conductivity by more than one order of magnitude. Our numerical results indicate that, even if the pasta structures might survive above the crustal melting point, no strong anisotropies are to be expected in the conduction properties in this temperature regime, even in the presence of a very high magnetic field.
Revisiting secondary CMB distortions due to kinetic Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect from quasar bubbles before reionization
Authors: Acharya Sandeep Kumar , Majumdar Subhabrata 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
We discuss the secondary cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy due to kinetic Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (kSZ) effect from ionized bubbles around individual quasars prior to the reionization of the Universe. The bubbles create local ionization modulations which move with the large-scale structure linear bulk flow and act as sources for kSZ. We improve upon previous calculations of this effect, using a halo model based description of quasar abundance, and find that the kSZ distortion power spectrum, Cℓ, from the bubbles to be sub-dominant to kSZ from patchy reionization driven by galaxies. However, the shape of the two Cℓ’s are very different with the quasar bubble Cℓ having a peak at ℓ ≈ 500–700 whereas the Cℓ due to patchy reionization flattening out at ℓ &gt; 1000 thus making it plausible to separate the two using Cℓ template-fitting in a future survey like CMB-HD. Next, we look at the imprint of a single quasar bubble on the CMB and show that it can be detected in a high-resolution, ambitious effort like CMB-HD. A detection of a high redshift quasar bubble in the CMB would carry complimentary information to its detection in H i or Lyman-α and a joint analysis can be used to break parameter degeneracies.
Genomics of Secondarily Temperate Adaptation in the Only Non-Antarctic Icefish
Authors: Rivera-Colón Angel G , Rayamajhi Niraj , Minhas Bushra Fazal , Madrigal Giovanni , Bilyk Kevin T , Yoon Veronica , Hüne Mathias , Gregory Susan , Cheng C H Christina , Catchen Julian M 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWhite-blooded Antarctic icefishes, a family within the adaptive radiation of Antarctic notothenioid fishes, are an example of extreme biological specialization to both the chronic cold of the Southern Ocean and life without hemoglobin. As a result, icefishes display derived physiology that limits them to the cold and highly oxygenated Antarctic waters. Against these constraints, remarkably one species, the pike icefish Champsocephalus esox, successfully colonized temperate South American waters. To study the genetic mechanisms underlying secondarily temperate adaptation in icefishes, we generated chromosome-level genome assemblies of both C. esox and its Antarctic sister species, Champsocephalus gunnari. The C. esox genome is similar in structure and organization to that of its Antarctic congener; however, we observe evidence of chromosomal rearrangements coinciding with regions of elevated genetic divergence in pike icefish populations. We also find several key biological pathways under selection, including genes related to mitochondria and vision, highlighting candidates behind temperate adaptation in C. esox. Substantial antifreeze glycoprotein (AFGP) pseudogenization has occurred in the pike icefish, likely due to relaxed selection following ancestral escape from Antarctica. The canonical AFGP locus organization is conserved in C. esox and C. gunnari, but both show a translocation of two AFGP copies to a separate locus, previously unobserved in cryonotothenioids. Altogether, the study of this secondarily temperate species provides an insight into the mechanisms underlying adaptation to ecologically disparate environments in this otherwise highly specialized group.
Cognitive outcomes after multimodal treatment in adult glioma patients: A meta-analysis
Authors: De Roeck Laurien , Gillebert Céline R , van Aert Robbie C M , Vanmeenen Amber , Klein Martin , Taphoorn Martin J B , Gehring Karin , Lambrecht Maarten , Sleurs Charlotte 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Cognitive functioning is increasingly assessed as a secondary outcome in neuro-oncological trials. However, which cognitive domains or tests to assess, remains debatable. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to elucidate the longer-term test-specific cognitive outcomes in adult glioma patients.

Methods
A systematic search yielded 7098 articles for screening. To investigate cognitive changes in glioma patients and differences between patients and controls 1-year follow-up, random-effects meta-analyses were conducted per cognitive test, separately for studies with a longitudinal and cross-sectional design. A meta-regression analysis with a moderator for interval testing (additional cognitive testing between baseline and 1-year posttreatment) was performed to investigate the impact of practice in longitudinal designs.

Results
Eighty-three studies were reviewed, of which 37 were analyzed in the meta-analysis, involving 4078 patients. In longitudinal designs, semantic fluency was the most sensitive test to detect cognitive decline over time. Cognitive performance on mini-mental state exam (MMSE), digit span forward, phonemic and semantic fluency declined over time in patients who had no interval testing. In cross-sectional studies, patients performed worse than controls on the MMSE, digit span backward, semantic fluency, Stroop speed interference task, trail-making test B, and finger tapping.

Conclusions
Cognitive performance of glioma patients 1 year after treatment is significantly lower compared to the norm, with specific tests potentially being more sensitive. Cognitive decline over time occurs as well, but can easily be overlooked in longitudinal designs due to practice effects (as a result of interval testing). It is warranted to sufficiently correct for practice effects in future longitudinal trials.
Assessing the added value of apparent diffusion coefficient, cerebral blood volume, and radiomic magnetic resonance features for differentiation of pseudoprogression versus true tumor progression in patients with glioblastoma
Authors: Leone Riccardo , Meredig Hagen , Foltyn-Dumitru Martha , Sahm Felix , Hamelmann Stefan , Kurz Felix , Kessler Tobias , Bonekamp David , Schlemmer Heinz-Peter , Bo Hansen Mikkel , Wick Wolfgang , Bendszus Martin , Vollmuth Philipp , Brugnara Gianluca 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundPseudoprogression (PsPD) is a major diagnostic challenge in the follow-up of patients with glioblastoma (GB) after chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Conventional imaging signs and parameters derived from diffusion and perfusion-MRI have yet to prove their reliability in clinical practice for an accurate differential diagnosis. Here, we tested these parameters and combined them with radiomic features (RFs), clinical data, and MGMT promoter methylation status using machine- and deep-learning (DL) models to distinguish PsPD from Progressive disease.MethodsIn a single-center analysis, 105 patients with GB who developed a suspected imaging PsPD in the first 7 months after standard CRT were identified retrospectively. Imaging data included standard MRI anatomical sequences, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and normalized relative cerebral blood volume (nrCBV) maps. Median values (ADC, nrCBV) and RFs (all sequences) were calculated from DL-based tumor segmentations. Generalized linear models with LASSO feature-selection and DL models were built integrating clinical data, MGMT methylation status, median ADC and nrCBV values and RFs.ResultsA model based on clinical data and MGMT methylation status yielded an areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.69 (95% CI 0.55–0.83) for detecting PsPD, and the addition of median ADC and nrCBV values resulted in a nonsignificant increase in performance (AUC = 0.71, 95% CI 0.57–0.85, P = .416). Combining clinical/MGMT information with RFs derived from ADC, nrCBV, and from all available sequences both resulted in significantly (both P &lt; .005) lower model performances, with AUC = 0.52 (0.38–0.66) and AUC = 0.54 (0.40–0.68), respectively. DL imaging models resulted in AUCs ≤ 0.56.ConclusionCurrently available imaging biomarkers could not reliably differentiate PsPD from true tumor progression in patients with glioblastoma; larger collaborative efforts are needed to build more reliable models.