bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying the 2005 Caprini Score to Plastic Surgery Patients
Authors: Dahmus Emma S. , Westfall-Snyder Jamaica , Schroer Julia , Wang Shengxuan , Kauffman Christian A. , DeSantis Joseph , Devitt Sean 
Published: March 2023

Background
The Caprini score is a validated scale that calculates a patient's 30-day venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk based on their comorbidities. The American Society of Plastic Surgeons published VTE prophylaxis recommendations in 2011 based on the Caprini score, but these recommendations are vague and up to physician interpretation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate postoperative outcomes after the application of strict guidelines using the Caprini score with specific VTE chemoprophylaxis benchmarks on plastic surgery patients.

Methods
A retrospective cohort analysis was performed on all plastic surgery patients who underwent surgery between July 2019 and July 2021. Patients between July 2019 and June 2020 were not subjected to any specific VTE prophylaxis protocol, while patients from July 2020 to July 2021 were subjected to the newly created VTE prophylaxis protocol. Every patient received a calculated Caprini score at their preoperative history and physical. The primary outcomes measured include hematoma, deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE).

Results
Four hundred forty-one patients with 541 procedures were included in this study, with 275 patients in the “before” group and 166 patients in the “after” group. A total of 78.6% of patients received chemoprophylaxis in the “before” group compared with 20% in the “after” group. There was no significant difference in postoperative complications between the two groups including PE or DVT (P = 0.2684 and 0.2696, respectively), with a trend toward hematoma formation in the “before” group (P = 0.1358). After the application of evidence-based VTE guidelines, the patients stayed fewer days in the hospital (0.4 vs 0.7 days, P = 0.0085) and were less likely to be readmitted (2.4% vs 6.5%, P = 0.0333). The average cost per patient in the “before” group was $9.11 with a total cost of $3022.90. The average cost per patient in the “after” group was $4.23 with a total cost of $867.94 (P = 0.032).

Conclusions
Our strict application of the Caprini score significantly and safely limited the number of patients receiving postoperative VTE chemoprophylaxis and showed no significant difference in postoperative hematoma, DVT, or PE.
Perspectives on the Safety of Botulinum Toxin and Facial Filler Injections
Authors: Hassell Natalie E. , Bustos Valeria P. , Elmer Nicholas , Foppiani Jose A. , Kinney JacqueLyn , Valentine Lauren , Weidman Allan , Lin Samuel J. 
Published: March 2023

Background
Although both botulinum toxin and facial filler injections are safe procedures with high efficacy and patient satisfaction, it is unclear how knowledgeable the general public is about the risks of these common cosmetic, nonsurgical procedures. The goal of this study is to assess public knowledge of the risks of botulinum toxin and facial filler injection, as well as perceived comfort with various providers delivering these injections.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was performed through Amazon Mechanical Turk regarding knowledge of the risks of botulinum toxin and facial filler injection, as well as provider and location preferences among adults 18 years and older and currently residing in the United States.

Results
When asked to identify potential risks of botulinum toxin injections from a list, asymmetry, bruising, and drooping of parts of the face were correctly identified by 38%, 40%, and 49% of respondents, respectively. Asymmetry, bruising, blindness, and blood vessel clotting (vascular occlusion) were identified as risks of filler injection by 40%, 51%, 18%, and 19% of respondents, respectively. In addition, plastic surgeons were the most preferred provider for botulinum toxin and facial filler injections, preferred by 43% and 48% of participants, respectively.

Conclusions
Although most people would consider botulinum toxin or facial filler injections, the potential risks of these procedures, especially the serious risks of facial fillers, may be poorly appreciated by the general public.
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocol Allows Safe Same-Day Discharge in Expander Based and Oncoplastic Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Niu Ellen F. , Frageau James C. , Rogoff Hunter , Cannata Brigette , Wang Katherine E. , Marquez Jocellie , Munn Brittni , Shah Syed , Bakoulis Anastasia , Farrelly Patricia , O'Hea Brian , Huston Tara L. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose
Data after enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) with same-day discharge in breast reconstruction is limited. This study evaluates early postoperative outcomes after same-day discharge in tissue-expander immediate breast reconstruction (TE-IBR) and oncoplastic breast reconstruction.

Methods
A single-institution retrospective review of TE-IBR patients from 2017 to 2022 and oncoplastic breast reconstruction patients from 2014 to 2022 was performed. Patients were divided by procedure and recovery pathway: group 1 (TE-IBR, overnight admission), group 2 (TE-IBR, ERAS), group 3 (oncoplastic, overnight admission), and group 4 (oncoplastic, ERAS). Groups 1 and 2 were subdivided by implant location: groups 1a (prepectoral) and 1b (subpectoral), and groups 2a (prepectoral) and 2b (subpectoral). Demographics, comorbidities, complications, and reoperations were analyzed.

Results
A total of 160 TE-IBR patients (group 1, 91; group 2, 69) and 60 oncoplastic breast reconstruction patients (group 3, 8; group 4, 52) were included. Of the 160 TE-IBR patients, 73 underwent prepectoral reconstruction (group 1a, 25; group 2a, 48), and 87 underwent subpectoral reconstruction (group 1b, 66; group 2b, 21). There were no differences in demographics and comorbidities between groups 1 and 2. Group 3 had a higher average body mass index than group 4 (37.6 vs 32.2, P = 0.022). There was no significant difference between groups 1a and 2a or between groups 1b and 2b in rates of for rates of infection, hematoma, skin necrosis, wound dehiscence, fat necrosis, implant loss, or reoperations. Group 3 and group 4 showed no significant difference in any complications or in reoperations. Notably, no patients in same-day discharge groups required unplanned hospital admission.

Conclusions
Many surgical subspecialities have successfully adopted ERAS protocols into their patient care and have shown both its safety and feasibility. Our research shows that same-day discharge in both TE-IBR and oncoplastic breast reconstruction does not increase risk for major complications or reoperations.
The Anatomy Study of Temporal Region based on Ultrasound Investigation: A Spatial Structure Study
Authors: Zhao Ye , Huang XingFeng , Fu ZeXin , Zhang Lei , Jin Ting Ting , Pan Lei , Lai Fangyuan , Wang Ji , Wu SuFan , Chen CongXian 
Published: March 2023

Background:
With the growing popularity of rejuvenation, people are giving more concerns on their temporal depression which makes them look older and wishing to improve it by injection. The complex structure of the temporal region leads to a higher risk of failed injection. The temporal region is well understood based on cadaver anatomy, but few studies have described its spatial structure. The purpose of this study was to improve the efficacy and safety of temporal injection by studying the spatial structure of the soft tissues and major blood vessels in each layer of the temporal region.

Methods:
A total of 30 volunteers (24 men and 6 women, 60 temporal regions) were investigated. Color Doppler ultrasound was used to measure the thickness of the temporal layers at the selected measurement points (A, B, C, D, E, and F). The maximum thickness of the temporal fat pads was also measured, and the layers, depths and diameters of the major temporal vessels (frontal branch of superficial temporal artery and vein, middle temporal vein and deep temporal artery) were measured.

Results:
At the various measurement points, the thickness and position of the skin, subcutaneous fat superficial fascia, and temporalis muscle did not differ significantly, whereas the superficial temporal fat pad and deep temporal fat pad differed significantly. The diameter and depth of the superficial temporal artery, superficial temporal vein, and deep temporal artery did not differ significantly, whereas the diameter of the middle temporal vein differed slightly, whereas the depth differed more obviously.

Conclusions:
The temporal structure is very complex, and understanding the spatial position of each layer of tissue plays an important role in improving the efficacy and safety of temporal filler injection. Ultrasound can help us to understand this information and assist in therapy.

Level of Evidence:
Level II
SCREENING OF POTENTIAL CORE GENES IN THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD OF ADULT PATIENTS WITH SEPSIS BASED ON IMMUNOREGULATION AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION FUNCTIONS
Authors: Tian Ye , Wang Liang , Chen Wenhao , Zhong Wu , Hu Yingchun 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective: Based on the functions of immunoregulation and signal transduction, septic peripheral blood sequencing and bioinformatics technology were used to screen potential core targets. Methods: Peripheral blood of 23 patients with sepsis and 10 normal volunteers underwent RNA-seq processing within 24 hours after admission to the hospital. Data quality control and differential gene screening were performed based on R language (P < 0.01; log2FC ≥ 2). Gene function enrichment analysis was conducted on differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Then, target genes were submitted to STRING to constitute the PPI network, and GSE65682 were used to explore the prognostic relevance of potential core genes. Meta-analysis was used to verify the expression trends of core genes in the sepsis group. Then, cell line localization analysis of core genes in the 5 peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples (normal control = 2; systemic inflammatory response syndrome = 1; SEPSIS = 2) was performed. Results: A total of 1,128 DEGs were obtained between sepsis and normal group, of which 721 were upregulated and 407 downregulated. These DEGs were mainly enriched in leukocyte-mediated cytotoxicity, cell killing regulation, adaptive immune response regulation, lymphocyte-mediated immune regulation, and negative regulation of adaptive immune response. PPI network analysis results showed that CD160, KLRG1, S1PR5, and RGS16 were located in the core area, which are related to adaptive immune regulation, signal transduction, and intracellular components. The above four genes in the core area were found to be related to the prognosis of patients with sepsis, of which RGS16 was negatively correlated with the survival rate, and CD160, KLRG1, and S1PR5 were positively correlated. However, several public data sets showed that CD160, KLRG1, and S1PR5 were all downregulated in the peripheral blood of patients with sepsis, while RGS16 was upregulated in the sepsis group. Single-cell sequencing analysis showed that they were mainly expressed in NK-T cells. Conclusions: CD160, KLRG1, S1PR5, and RGS16 were mainly located in human peripheral blood NK-T cells. Sepsis participants expressed lower levels of S1PR5, CD160, and KLRG1, while sepsis participants expressed higher levels of RGS16. This suggests that they may be potential research targets for sepsis.
Pilot proof for RNA biomarker-based minimally invasive endometrial receptivity testing using uterine fluid extracellular vesicles
Authors: Meltsov Alvin , Giacomini Elisa , Vigano Paola , Zarovni Natasa , Salumets Andres , Aleksejeva Elina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractResearch questionHow accurate is minimally invasive assessment of endometrial receptivity from uterine fluid extracellular vesicles (UF-EVs) using only 68 RNA biomarkers.Study designAssessment of endometrial receptivity by applying the beREADY computational model on transcriptomic data derived from UF-EVs during the pre-receptive (LH+2) and receptive phases (LH+7) of a natural cycle.ResultsbeREADY housekeeping gene transcript levels in UF-EV are not significantly different between LH+2 and LH+7 UF-EVs. Endometrial receptivity can be assessed from UF-EV transcriptomic data using beREADY computational model with specificity of 100% and sensitivity of 75%.ConclusionbeREADY computational model can be used on UF-EVs instead of endometrial tissue biopsy to assess endometrial receptivity. However, further development is needed to fine-tune the model to show that this model can also be used on UF-EV samples from women undergoing hormone-replacement therapy.
Residual Sanitization of Three Human Respiratory Viruses on a Hard, Non-Porous Surface
Authors: Ikner Luisa A. , Rabe Andrew B. , Gerba Charles P. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHuman pathogenic viruses that are present in bioaerosols released by coughing, sneezing, or breathing can contaminate fomites and other inanimate environmental surfaces. Most are enveloped respiratory viruses that are vulnerable to inactivation by a broad spectrum of antimicrobial actives. Quaternary ammonium compounds are highly diverse in structure and are among the most widely utilized antimicrobial agents. The objective of this study was to evaluate two commercially available, ready-to-use quaternary ammonium compound-based disinfectants (one of which also contains a surface binding agent) for antiviral activity against Influenza A (H1N1), human coronavirus 229E, and SARS-CoV-2 (Washington) following a rigorous procedure of wear and abrasions with regular re-inoculations of virus in the presence of a 6% organic soil load. Formulation TF-A demonstrated variable residual efficacy against the three viruses, achieving log10reductions of 1.62, 3.33, and 0.92, respectively. Formulation TF-B lowered each test virus by greater than 3-log10to non-detectable levels on all carriers in demonstration of residual antiviral activity.
Decline in prevalence of tuberculosis following an intensive case-finding campaign and the COVID-19 pandemic in an urban Ugandan community
Authors: Kendall Emily A , Kitonsa Peter J , Nalutaaya Annet , Robsky Katherine O , Erisa Kamoga Caleb , Mukiibi James , Cattamanchi Adithya , Kato-Maeda Midori , Katamba Achilles , Dowdy David W 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundSystematic screening is a potential tool for reducing the prevalence of tuberculosis and counteracting COVID-related disruptions in care. Repeated community-wide screening can also measure changes in the prevalence of tuberculosis over time.MethodsWe conducted serial, cross-sectional tuberculosis case-finding campaigns in one community in Kampala, Uganda, in 2019 and 2021. Both campaigns sought sputum for tuberculosis testing (Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra) from all adolescents and adults. We estimated the prevalence of tuberculosis among screening participants in each campaign and compared characteristics of people with tuberculosis across campaigns. We simultaneously enrolled and characterized community residents who were diagnosed with tuberculosis through routine care and assessed trends in facility-based diagnosis.ResultsWe successfully screened 12,033 community residents (35% of the estimated adult/adolescent population) in 2019 and 11,595 (33%) in 2021. In 2019, 0.94% (95% CI 0.77-1.13%) of participants tested Xpert-positive (including trace). This proportion fell to 0.52% (95%CI 0.40-0.67%) in 2021; the prevalence ratio was 0.55 [95%CI: 0.40-0.75]). There was no change in the age (median 26 vs 26), sex (56% vs 59% female), or prevalence of chronic cough (49% vs 54%) among those testing positive. By contrast, the rate of routine facility-based diagnosis remained steady in the eight months before each campaign (210 [95%CI 155-279] vs. 240 [95%CI 181-312] per 100,000 per year).ConclusionsFollowing an intensive initial case-finding campaign in an urban Ugandan community in 2019, the burden of prevalent tuberculosis as measured by systematic screening had decreased by 45% in 2021, despite the intervening COVID-19 pandemic.
An Anti-diabetic Nutraceutical enhances muscle cell glucose uptake of cardiometabolic drugs
Authors: Saranya K , Arpitha Reddy RN , Battula Sanjana , Mehta Ishita , Kadiyala Gopi , Iyer Subramanian , Vangala Subrahmanyam , Chandran Satish , Saxena Uday 
Published: March 2023

AbstractType 2 diabetes is currently treated by multiple drugs that are often combined to achieve maximum blood glucose lowering in patients. Yet more than 50% of patients are unable to attain target glucose levels. There is clear need for agents which can be added to current drugs to help patients achieve their target blood glucose levels safely.To this end we tested an anti-diabetic nutraceutical for its ability to enhance glucose uptake in muscle cells in combination with currently used cardiometabolic drugs. We show here that the nutraceutical is able to effectively improve glucose uptake of multiple drugs suggesting that it may help in enhancement of glucose lowering by the drugs in patients and achieve optimal glucose levels.
Discovery and characterization of non-canonical E2 conjugating enzymes
Authors: Rehman Syed Arif Abdul , Nisio Elena Di , Cazzaniga Chiara , Antico Odetta , Knebel Axel , Johnson Clare , Lamoliatte Frederic , Negri Rodolfo , Muqit MK Miratul , Cesare Virginia De 
Published: March 2023

AbstractE2 conjugating enzymes (E2s) play a central role in the enzymatic cascade that leads to the attachment of ubiquitin to a substrate. This process, termed ubiquitylation is fundamental for maintaining cellular homeostasis and impacts almost all cellular process. By interacting with multiple E3 ligases, E2s direct the ubiquitylation landscape within the cell. Since its discovery, ubiquitylation has been regarded as a post-translational modification that specifically targets lysine side chains (canonical ubiquitylation). We used MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry to discover and characterize a family of E2s that are instead able to conjugate ubiquitin to serine and/or threonine. We employed protein modelling and prediction tools to identify the catalytic determinants that these E2s use to interact with ubiquitin as well as their substrates. Our results join a stream of recent literature that challenges the definition of ubiquitylation as an exquisitely lysine-specific modification and provide crucial insights into the missing E2 element responsible for non-canonical ubiquitylation.TeaserE2 conjugating enzymes (E2s) play a fundamental role in the attachment of ubiquitin to its substrate. Most E2s can form an isopeptide bond between the ubiquitin C- terminus and a lysine present on the substrate. We identified a family of E2s, UBE2Q1 and UBE2Q2, able to target amino acids other than lysine. Currently nothing is known about their mechanism of action and what substrates they are targeting, even though genetic ablation of UBE2Q1 produce substantial infertility in mice. Here we answer the question about what the key residues beneath their peculiar activity are. We discovered that UBE2Q1 target the lysine-free cytoplasmic domain of the Golgi resident protein Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1, providing an interesting precedent for the role of non-canonical ubiquitylation in eukaryotic cells.
Targeted development of diagnostic SNP markers for resistance to Fusarium wilt race 4 in Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)
Authors: Zhang Jinfa , Zhu Yi , Wheeler Terry , Dever Jane K , Hake Kater , Bissonnette Kaitlyn 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFusarium wilt caused by the soil-borne fungusFusarium oxysporumf. sp.vasinfectum(FOV) race 4 (FOV4) has become one of the most important emerging diseases in US cotton production. Numerous QTLs have been reported for resistance to FOV; however, no major FOV4-resistance QTL or gene has been identified and used in breeding Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) for FOV4 resistance. In this study, a panel of 223 Chinese Upland cotton accessions was evaluated for FOV4 resistance based on seedling mortality rate (MR) and stem and root vascular discoloration (SVD and RVD). SNP markers were developed based on targeted genome sequencing using AgriPlex Genomics. The chromosome region at 2.130-2.292 Mb on D03 was significantly correlated with both SVD and RVD but not with MR. Based on the two most significant SNP markers, accessions homozygous for AA or TT SNP genotype averaged significantly lower SVD (0.88 vs. 2.54) and RVD (1.46 vs. 3.02) than those homozygous for CC or GG SNP genotype. The results suggested that a gene or genes within the region conferred resistance to vascular discoloration caused by FOV4. The Chinese Upland accessions had 37.22% homozygous AA or TT SNP genotype and 11.66% heterozygous AC or TG SNP genotype, while 32 US elite public breeding lines all had the CC or GG SNP genotype. Among 463 obsolete US Upland accessions, only 0.86% possessed the AA or TT SNP genotype. This study, for the first time, has developed diagnostic SNPs for marker-assisted selection and identified FOV4-resistant Upland germplasms with the SNPs.
Genome-scale CRISPR‒Cas9 screen identifies novel host factors as potential therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Sakai Madoka , Masuda Yoshie , Tarumoto Yusuke , Aihara Naoyuki , Tsunoda Yugo , Iwata Michiko , Kamiya Yumiko , Komorizono Ryo , Noda Takeshi , Yusa Kosuke , Tomonaga Keizo , Makino Akiko 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough many host factors important for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection have been reported, the mechanisms by which the virus interacts with host cells remain elusive. Here, we identified tripartite motif containing (TRIM) 28, TRIM33, euchromatic histone lysine methyltransferase (EHMT) 1, and EHMT2 as novel proviral factors involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection by CRISPR‒Cas9 screening. We demonstrated that TRIM28 plays a role(s) in viral particle formation and that TRIM33, EHMT1, and EHMT2 are involved in viral transcription and replication using cells with suppressed gene expression. UNC0642, a compound that specifically inhibits the methyltransferase activity of EHMT1/2, strikingly suppressed SARS-CoV-2 growth in cultured cells and reduced disease severity in a hamster infection model. This study suggests that EHMT1/2 may be a novel therapeutic target for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
The contribution of plant life and growth forms to global gradients of vascular plant diversity
Authors: Taylor Amanda , Weigelt Patrick , Denelle Pierre , Cai Lirong , Kreft Holger 
Published: March 2023

SummaryPlant life and growth forms (shortened to ‘plant forms’) represent key functional strategies of plants in relation to their environment and provide important insights into the ecological constraints acting on the distribution of biodiversity. Despite their ecological importance, how the spectra of plant forms contribute to global gradients of plant diversity is unresolved.Using a novel dataset comprising >295,000 species, we quantify the contribution of different plant forms to global gradients of vascular plant diversity. Further, we establish how plant form distributions in different biogeographical regions are associated with contemporary and paleoclimate conditions, environmental heterogeneity, and phylogeny.We find a major shift in representation by woody perennials in tropical latitudes to herb-dominated floras in temperate and boreal regions, following a sharp latitudinal gradient in plant form diversity from the tropics to the poles. We also find significant functional differences between regions, mirroring life and growth form responses to environmental conditions, which is mostly explained by contemporary climate (18-87%), and phylogeny (6-62%), with paleoclimate and heterogeneity playing only a minor role (<23%).This research highlights variation in the importance of different plant forms to diversity gradients worldwide, providing a much-needed quantification for long-standing ideas and concepts structuring plant assemblages.