bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Density‐dependent growth, survival, and biomass production of stocked glass eels (Anguilla anguilla) in seminatural ponds
Authors: Pedersen M. I. , Rasmussen G. , Jepsen N. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe sought to demonstrate how eel mortality, growth, and biomass production were related to initial stocking density of glass eels, 18 months after stocking. Glass eels with a mean body mass of 0.29 g were caught in three coastal streams of Denmark, and subsequently stocked at four densities (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 individuals m−2) in eight shallow, 200 m2, open ponds. Recapture after 18 months ranged from 13% to 84% and was negatively correlated with stocking density. Likewise, growth (length and body mass) and body condition were negatively correlated with stocking density. The theoretical maximum biomass per stocked glass eel was 7.3 g at a density of 0.005 eels per m−2 (one glass eel per pond), and the minimum was at a density of 3 glass eel m−2 (600 glass eels per pond). The optimum eel biomass was 3.9 g m−2 at a stocking density of ≈1 glass eel m−2, which probably represented the present production capacity (food) of these ponds.
Impact of transcatheter aortic valve implantation on circulating von Willebrand factor in patients with severe aortic stenosis
Authors: Varghese Sonu S. , Hetu Marie‐France , Bowman Mackenzie , Herr Julia , Al‐Turki Mohamed , Jaff Zardasht , James Paula , Malik Paul , Payne Darrin , Johri Amer M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionSevere aortic stenosis (AS) can lead to degradation of high molecular weight (HMW) von Willebrand factor (VWF) which can result in haemostatic abnormalities. While studies have explored changes in VWF profiles before and after surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR), the longer‐term changes in VWF profiles pre‐ and post‐transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) are less understood.AimOur primary objective was to identify differences in VWF multimer profiles and VWF function pre‐TAVI and 1‐month post‐TAVI. Our secondary objective was to correlate VWF markers with measures of AS severity.MethodsAdult patients with severe AS referred for TAVI at our institution were prospectively enrolled in this cohort study. Blood samples were collected for plasma analysis at three time points for all patients: 1 day pre‐TAVI, 3 days post‐TAVI, and 1‐month post‐TAVI. VWF antigen, activity, propeptide, collagen binding, multimers, and factor VIII coagulant activity were determined at each time point. Correlations between VWF parameters and severity of AS were assessed.ResultsTwenty participants (15 males, five females) with severe AS were recruited for the study. There was a significant increase in HMW VWF between pre‐procedure and 1‐month post‐TAVI (p < .05). There was a transient increase in VWF antigen levels and activity at 3‐days post TAVI that decreased to pre‐TAVI levels at 1‐month. There were no statistically significant correlations between VWF markers and AS severity.ConclusionsThis is the first study to elucidate longer‐term (>1 week) improvements in HMW VWF after a TAVI procedure in severe AS patients.
Effect of rice flour to corn grits ratio and rice bran oil addition on starch digestibility profiles and properties of extruded multigrain puffed snacks
Authors: Photinam Ratchaneeporn , Moongngarm Anuchita 
Published: July 2023

SummaryIngredients play an important role in multigrain puffed snack (PS) quality. Different rice flour (RF) to corn grits (CG) ratios with 3% and 5% rice bran oil (RBO) were assessed for starch digestibility, chemical, and physicochemical properties, and sensory acceptance of PS processed using a twin‐screw extruder. Fat and fibre content significantly increased. PS added with 5% RBO was harder with higher bulk density than 3% RBO. As the CG level increased, the expansion ratio of PS decreased, impacting the physical and sensory properties. The extruded PS exhibited a V‐type crystalline structure originating from the amylose‐lipid complex formation. PS prepared from 50%–60% RF and 10%–20% CG with 5% RBO had the highest content of slow‐digesting starch, resistant starch, antioxidant activity, and total phenolic compounds. The optimal rice flour to corn grits ratio with added RBO of multigrain PS showed potential as a functional snack.
RETRACTED: Effect of topical antibiotics on the prevention and management of wound infections: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Meixue , Feng Haonan , Gao Yongtao , Gao Xiang , Ji Zhixin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA meta‐analysis research was implemented to appraise the effect of topical antibiotics (TAs) on the prevention and management of wound infections (WIs). Inclusive literature research was performed until April 2023, and 765 interconnected researches were reviewed. The 11 selected researches included 6500 persons with uncomplicated wounds at the starting point of the research: 2724 of them were utilising TAs, 3318 were utilising placebo and 458 were utilising antiseptics. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were utilised to appraise the consequence of TAs on the prevention and management of WIs by the dichotomous approach and a fixed or random model. TAs had significantly lower WI compared with placebo (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.38–0.92, p = 0.02) and compared with antiseptics (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.31–0.88, p = 0.01) in persons with uncomplicated wounds (UWs). TAs had significantly lower WIs compared with placebo and antiseptics in persons with UWs. However, caution needs to be taken when interacting with their values because of the low sample size of some of the chosen researches and low number of researches found for the comparisons in the meta‐analysis.
Reducing uncertainty in evidence‐based health policy by integrating empirical and theoretical evidence: An EbM+theory approach
Authors: Pfaff Holger , Schmitt Jochen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo reduce their decisional uncertainty, health policy decision‐makers rely more often on experts or their intuition than on evidence‐based knowledge, especially in times of urgency. However, this practice is unacceptable from an evidence‐based medicine (EbM) perspective. Therefore, in fast‐changing and complex situations, we need an approach that delivers recommendations that serve decision‐makers' needs for urgent, sound and uncertainty‐reducing decisions based on the principles of EbM.AimsThe aim of this paper is to propose an approach that serves this need by enriching EbM with theory.Materials and MethodsWe call this the EbM+theory approach, which integrates empirical and theoretical evidence in a context‐sensitive way to reduce intervention and implementation uncertainty.ResultsWithin this framework, we propose two distinct roadmaps to decrease intervention and implementation uncertainty: one for simple and the other for complex interventions. As part of the roadmap, we present a three‐step approach: applying theory (step 1), conducting mechanistic studies (EbM+; step 2) and conducting experiments (EbM; step 3).DiscussionThis paper is a plea for integrating empirical and theoretical knowledge by combining EbM, EbM+ and theoretical knowledge in a common procedural framework that allows flexibility even in dynamic times. A further aim is to stimulate a discussion on using theories in health sciences, health policy, and implementation.ConclusionThe main implications are that scientists and health politicians – the two main target groups of this paper—should receive more training in theoretical thinking; moreover, regulatory agencies like NICE may think about the usefulness of integrating elements of the EbM+theory approach into their considerations.
Knowledge about foodborne pathogens and PCR‐based microbial detection methods among Brazilian students and professionals: A survey
Authors: Lemos Lúcia Mara dos Reis , Silva Lorena Dutra , Arisi Ana Carolina Maisonnave 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPolymerase chain reaction (PCR) is widely used in several research areas and routine laboratory analyses, including foodborne pathogens detection. We aimed to investigate the knowledge about PCR‐based methods and foodborne pathogens among undergraduate and graduate Brazilian students and professionals. A cross‐sectional survey was carried out using an online questionnaire as data collection method. The questionnaire was validated and distributed through email and social networks. Data from 1246 respondents was collected. The knowledge scores were verified by correspondence analysis and discussed, 75.8% of the participants answered that they knew a foodborne pathogen and 71.4% of the participants answered that they did not study molecular biology techniques during undergraduate course. The highest level of knowledge was found among professionals with Masters' and PhD degrees. In conclusion, participants are not knowledgeable about PCR‐based methods and the level of academic training influences the knowledge of analytical foundations. Most participants did not study PCR and its application in detecting foodborne pathogens during undergraduate course. We suggested that undergraduate courses in Food Engineering and in Food Science and Technology include mandatory molecular biology classes in academic programs.
Expression pattern of PD‐1/PD‐L1 in primary liver cancer with clinical correlation
Authors: Zeng Tanlun , Zhao Qian , Liu Junyu , Dai Binghua , Wang Tengjiao , Yang Facai , Liu Hui , Ge Ruiliang , Ding Jin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractImmunotherapy, including ICIs, has emerged as an invaluable treatment option for advanced PLC. Nevertheless, the expression patterns of PD‐L1 and PD‐1 in PLC remain incompletely understood. In this study, the expression pattern and clinical correlation of PD‐L1 and PD‐1 were analysed in 5245 PLC patients. The positivity rates of PD‐L1 and PD‐1 were very low in the patient PLCs, but the positivity rates of PD‐L1 and PD‐1 were higher in the ICC and cHCC‐ICC than in HCC. The expression of PD‐L1 and PD‐1 correlated with the malignant phenotypes and clinicopathological characteristics of PLC. Interestingly, PD‐1 positivity might serve as an independent prognostic factor. Based on a systematic analysis of a large amount of PLC tissues, we proposed a novel classification of PD‐1/PD‐L1 expression in HCC and ICC. In light of this stratification, we observed a close correlation between PD‐L1 levels and PD‐1 expression in HCC and ICC.
The Effects of Concreteness on Mathematical Manipulative Choice
Authors: Foulkes Megan , Sella Francesco , Wege Theresa Elise , Gilmore Camilla 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThere is mixed evidence as to whether concrete manipulatives (e.g., toy animals) are better than abstract manipulatives (e.g., counters) for teaching mathematical concepts to children. Concreteness is defined as the amount of extraneous information a manipulative provides, and in this study we aimed to unpick which dimensions of concreteness influence manipulative choice. Researchers, teachers, and parents completed a comparative judgment task comparing images of manipulatives varying in different dimensions of concreteness, selecting which they would choose to teach arithmetic to children. The findings indicated homogeneous, 3‐dimensional manipulatives were the most preferred across all groups to teach arithmetic to children, regardless of more extraneous features. This contradicts research recommendations to minimize the use of concrete manipulatives due to their distractive qualities. Instead, it suggests that some concrete features may be preferred in more naturalistic contexts. More research is required to investigate how different dimensions of concreteness influence learning outcomes for children both in artificial research contexts and in practice.
High vapour pressure deficit enhances turgor limitation of stem growth in an Asian tropical rainforest tree
Authors: Peters Richard L. , Kaewmano Arisa , Fu Pei‐Li , Fan Ze‐Xin , Sterck Frank , Steppe Kathy , Zuidema Pieter A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTropical forests are experiencing increases in vapour pressure deficit (D), with possible negative impacts on tree growth. Tree‐growth reduction due to rising D is commonly attributed to carbon limitation, thus overlooking the potentially important mechanism of D‐induced impairment of wood formation due to an increase in turgor limitation. Here we calibrate a mechanistic tree‐growth model to simulate turgor limitation of radial stem growth in mature Toona cilitata trees in an Asian tropical forest. Hourly sap flow and dendrometer measurements were collected to simulate turgor‐driven growth during the growing season. Simulated seasonal patterns of radial stem growth matched well with growth observations. Growth mainly occurred at night and its pre‐dawn build‐up appeared to be limited under higher D. Across seasons, the night‐time turgor pressure required for growth was negatively related to previous midday D, possibly due to a relatively high canopy conductance at high D, relative to stem rehydration. These findings provide the first evidence that tropical trees grow at night and that turgor pressure limits tree growth. We suggest including turgor limitation of tree stem growth in models also for tropical forest carbon dynamics, in particular, if these models simulate effects of warming and increased frequency of droughts.
Plant size directly correlates with water use efficiency in Arabidopsis
Authors: de Ollas Carlos , Segarra Clara , Blázquez Miguel A. , Agustí Javier , Gómez‐Cadenas Aurelio 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPlant transpiration is a fundamental process that determines plant water use efficiency (WUE), thermoregulation, nutrition, and growth. How transpiration impacts on such essential physiological aspects and how the environment modulates these effects are fundamental questions about which little is known. We investigated the genetic and environmental factors underlying natural variation in plant transpiration and water use efficiency in a population of natural Arabidopsis thaliana accessions grown under homogeneous conditions. As expected, we observed large variation of total transpiration capacity, transpiration per surface unit, and WUE among A. thaliana accessions. Despite the variation of stomatal density and ABA content in the population, WUE did not correlate with any of these parameters. On the contrary, a surprising direct correlation was found between WUE and projected leaf area, with bigger plants displaying a more efficient use of water. Importantly, genome‐wide association studies further supported our observations through the identification of several loci involved in WUE variation, mutations in which caused a simultaneous reduction in plant size and a decrease in WUE. Altogether, our results strongly suggest that, although WUE depends on many parameters, plant size is an adaptive trait with respect to water use in A. thaliana.
The cysteine‐rich receptor‐like kinase CRK4 contributes to the different drought stress response between Columbia and Landsberg erecta
Authors: Zhao Min , Li Mengdan , Huang Meng , Liang Chaochao , Chen Donghua , Hwang Inhwan , Zhang Wei , Wang Mei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe natural variation between Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ecotypes Columbia (Col) and Landsberg erecta (Ler) strongly affects abscisic acid (ABA) signalling and drought tolerance. Here, we report that the cysteine‐rich receptor‐like protein kinase CRK4 is involved in regulating ABA signalling, which contributes to the differences in drought stress tolerance between Col‐0 and Ler‐0. Loss‐of‐function crk4 mutants in the Col‐0 background were less drought tolerant than Col‐0, whereas overexpressing CRK4 in the Ler‐0 background partially to completely restored the drought‐sensitive phenotype of Ler‐0. F1 plants derived from a cross between the crk4 mutant and Ler‐0 showed an ABA‐insensitive phenotype with respect to stomatal movement, along with reduced drought tolerance like Ler‐0. We demonstrate that CRK4 interacts with the U‐box E3 ligase PUB13 and enhances its abundance, thus promoting the degradation of ABA‐INSENSITIVE 1 (ABI1), a negative regulator of ABA signalling. Together, these findings reveal an important regulatory mechanism for modulating ABI1 levels by the CRK4‐PUB13 module to fine‐tune drought tolerance in Arabidopsis.
MicroRNA397 regulates tolerance to drought and fungal infection by regulating lignin deposition in chickpea root
Authors: Sharma Nilesh Kumar , Yadav Shalini , Gupta Santosh Kumar , Irulappan Vadivelmurugan , Francis Aleena , Senthil‐Kumar Muthappa , Chattopadhyay Debasis 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPlants deposit lignin in the secondary cell wall as a common response to drought and pathogen attacks. Cell wall localised multicopper oxidase family enzymes LACCASES (LACs) catalyse the formation of monolignol radicals and facilitate lignin formation. We show an upregulation of the expression of several LAC genes and a downregulation of microRNA397 (CamiR397) in response to natural drought in chickpea roots. CamiR397 was found to target LAC4 and LAC17L out of twenty annotated LACs in chickpea. CamiR397 and its target genes are expressed in the root. Overexpression of CamiR397 reduced expression of LAC4 and LAC17L and lignin deposition in chickpea root xylem causing reduction in xylem wall thickness. Downregulation of CamiR397 activity by expressing a short tandem target mimic (STTM397) construct increased root lignin deposition in chickpea. CamiR397‐overexpressing and STTM397 chickpea lines showed sensitivity and tolerance, respectively, towards natural drought. Infection with a fungal pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina, responsible for dry root rot (DRR) disease in chickpea, induced local lignin deposition and LAC gene expression. CamiR397‐overexpressing and STTM397 chickpea lines showed more sensitivity and tolerance, respectively, to DRR. Our results demonstrated the regulatory role of CamiR397 in root lignification during drought and DRR in an agriculturally important crop chickpea.
Ferredoxin C2 is required for chlorophyll biosynthesis and accumulation of photosynthetic antennae in Arabidopsis
Authors: Tournaire Marcela Davalos , Scharff Lars B. , Kramer Manuela , Goss Tatjana , Vuorijoki Linda , Rodriguez‐Heredia Melvin , Wilson Sam , Kruse Inga , Ruban Alexander , Balk L. Janneke , Hase Toshiharu , Jensen Poul‐Erik , Hanke Guy T. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFerredoxins (Fd) are small iron‐sulphur proteins, with sub‐types that have evolved for specific redox functions. Ferredoxin C2 (FdC2) proteins are essential Fd homologues conserved in all photosynthetic organisms and a number of different FdC2 functions have been proposed in angiosperms. Here we use RNAi silencing in Arabidopsis thaliana to generate a viable fdC2 mutant line with near‐depleted FdC2 protein levels. Mutant leaves have ~50% less chlorophyll a and b, and chloroplasts have poorly developed thylakoid membrane structure. Transcriptomics indicates upregulation of genes involved in stress responses. Although fdC2 antisense plants show increased damage at photosystem II (PSII) when exposed to high light, PSII recovers at the same rate as wild type in the dark. This contradicts literature proposing that FdC2 regulates translation of the D1 subunit of PSII, by binding to psbA transcript. Measurement of chlorophyll biosynthesis intermediates revealed a build‐up of Mg‐protoporphyrin IX, the substrate of the aerobic cyclase. We localise FdC2 to the inner chloroplast envelope and show that the FdC2 RNAi line has a disproportionately lower protein abundance of antennae proteins, which are nuclear‐encoded and must be refolded at the envelope after import.
Suppression‐Induced Forgetting as a Model for Repression
Authors: Wessel Ineke 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Think/No‐Think (T/NT) task was designed to test whether the deliberate avoidance of retrieving a memory (i.e., suppression) hinders the subsequent recall of that memory. Forgetting effects obtained with the T/NT‐task (Suppression‐Induced Forgetting) are thought to result from memory inhibition: the deactivation of the representation of the to‐be‐suppressed memory. Memory inhibition can be specifically inferred from decreased performance on a test using Independent Probes—cues that are unrelated to the initial study phase in the T/NT‐procedure. The present contribution explores the evidence for the idea that Suppression‐Induced Forgetting obtained with such Independent Probes may provide a viable model for repression.A review of the literature on Suppression‐Induced Forgetting with Independent Probes (SIF‐IP) suggests that reliable estimates of the overall effect size are unavailable, that the extent to which the literature suffers from publication bias is unknown and that reporting bias may obstruct a clear view of the percentage of studies that find a statistically significant effect. In addition, it is difficult to study SIF‐IP in autobiographical memories, due to their complexity and idiosyncrasy. All in all, it seems questionable whether suppression‐induced forgetting obtained with independent probes provides a viable model of repression.
Bast Fiber Decortication for Biocomposites by a Mastication Process
Authors: Walczyk Daniel , Yang Jiachen , Gilbert Jenkins Jennifer 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper discusses a new method for decorticating bast fiber stalks, particularly hemp and flax, through a mastication process without damaging the fiber for use in biocomposites. Conventional automated decortication methods provide high stalk processing throughput, but they significantly damage the bast fibers and adversely affect their performance in biocomposite applications. Initial experiments with industrial hemp using a matched set of tools indicate that indexing the stalk by, at most, half a tooling period for each mastication cycle maximizes both the crushed stalk flexing action and dehurding efficiency. Further process insight was gained through simple stalk-crushing experiments (force vs. deflection) between matching teeth with no indexing, where force spikes correspond to initial collapse of the stalk cross section and initial hurd bending fracture along the stalk length. A more extensive experimental design with stiffer tooling reveals that hurding efficiency is maximized by adding spaces in the bottom die for hurd to fall through, using the smallest practical indexing distance of less than half a tooling period, and using as many teeth as possible. However, shorter indexing and more teeth also decrease the throughput rate and complicate stalk handling. Future work for optimizing and commercializing the process is suggested.