bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-efficiency and stable short-delayed fluorescence emitters with hybrid long- and short-range charge-transfer excitations
Authors: Meng Guoyun , Dai Hengyi , Wang Qi , Zhou Jianping , Fan Tianjiao , Zeng Xuan , Wang Xiang , Zhang Yuewei , Yang Dezhi , Ma Dongge , Zhang Dongdong , Duan Lian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe pursuit of ideal short-delayed thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters is hampered by the mutual exclusion of a small singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔEST) and a large oscillator strength (f). Here, by attaching an multiresonance-acceptor onto a sterically-uncrowded donor, we report TADF emitters bearing hybrid electronic excitations with a main donor-to-acceptor long-range (LR) and an auxiliary bridge-phenyl short-range (SR) charge-transfer characters, balancing a small ΔEST and a large f. Moreover, the incorporation of dual equivalent multiresonance-acceptors is found to double the f value without affecting the ΔEST. A large radiative decay rate over an order of magnitude higher than the intersystem crossing (ISC) rate, and a decent reverse ISC rate of >106 s−1 are simultaneously obtained in one emitter, leading to a short delayed-lifetime of ~0.88 μs. The corresponding organic light-emitting diode exhibits a record-high maximum external quantum efficiency of 40.4% with alleviated efficiency roll-off and extended lifetime.
Physical and virtual nutrient flows in global telecoupled agricultural trade networks
Authors: Chen Xiuzhi , Hou Yue , Kastner Thomas , Liu Liu , Zhang Yuqian , Yin Tuo , Li Mo , Malik Arunima , Li Mengyu , Thorp Kelly R. , Han Siqi , Liu Yaoze , Muhammad Tahir , Liu Jianguo , Li Yunkai 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGlobal agricultural trade creates multiple telecoupled flows of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). The flows of physical and virtual nutrients along with trade have discrepant effects on natural resources in different countries. However, existing literature has not quantified or analyzed such effects yet. Here we quantified the physical and virtual N and P flows embedded in the global agricultural trade networks from 1997 to 2016 and elaborated components of the telecoupling framework. The N and P flows both increased continuously and more than 25% of global consumption of nutrients in agricultural products were related to physical nutrient flows, while virtual nutrient flows were equivalent to one-third of the nutrients inputs into global agricultural system. These flows have positive telecoupling effects on saving N and P resources at the global scale. Reducing inefficient trade flows will enhance resource conservation, environmental sustainability in the hyper-globalized world.
Allylic hydroxylation of enones useful for the functionalization of relevant drugs and natural products
Authors: Zheng Cheng-Yu , Yue Jian-Min 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEnones are privileged structural motifs in bioactive natural products and pharmaceuticals, but the γ-hydroxylation of enones is challenging. Here we show a mild and efficient method for the direct C(sp3)–H hydroxylation of enones via visible-light-induced hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT), which facilitates γ-hydroxylation of primary, secondary, and tertiary C–H bonds of different enones without involving metal and peroxide. The mechanism study shows that Na2-eosin Y serves as both the photocatalyst and the source of catalytic bromine radical species in the HAT-based catalytic cycle, and finally sacrifices itself completely by oxidative degradation to produce bromine radical and a major product phthalic anhydride in an environmentally friendly way. This scalable method was demonstrated by plenty of substrates (41 examples) including 10 clinical drugs and 15 natural products to be useful for the late-stage functionalization of enone-containing compounds, and, in particular, has potential application in industry for large-scale production.
Periaqueductal grey and spinal cord pathology contribute to pain in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Buhidma Yazead , Hobbs Carl , Malcangio Marzia , Duty Susan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPain is a key non-motor feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD) that significantly impacts on life quality. The mechanisms underlying chronic pain in PD are poorly understood, hence the lack of effective treatments. Using the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioned rat model of PD, we identified reductions in dopaminergic neurons in the periaqueductal grey (PAG) and Met-enkephalin in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord that were validated in human PD tissue samples. Pharmacological activation of D1-like receptors in the PAG, identified as the DRD5+ phenotype located on glutamatergic neurons, alleviated the mechanical hypersensitivity seen in the Parkinsonian model. Downstream activity in serotonergic neurons in the Raphé magnus (RMg) was also reduced in 6-OHDA lesioned rats, as detected by diminished c-FOS positivity. Furthermore, we identified increased pre-aggregate α-synuclein, coupled with elevated activated microglia in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in those people that experienced PD-related pain in life. Our findings have outlined pathological pathways involved in the manifestation of pain in PD that may present targets for improved analgesia in people with PD.
Low-energy gap emerging from confined nematic states in extremely underdoped cuprate superconductors
Authors: Li Huazhou , Li Han , Wang Zhaohui , Wan Siyuan , Yang Huan , Wen Hai-Hu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe pairing mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity in cuprates is regarded as one of the most challenging issues in condensed matter physics. The core issue concerns how the Cooper pairs are formed. Here we report spin-resolved tunneling measurements on extremely underdoped Bi2Sr2−xLaxCuO6+δ. Our data reveal that, when holes are doped into the system, the antiferromagnetic order is destroyed, while at the same time an increasing density of states (DOS) peaked at around 200 meV appears within the charge transfer gap. Meanwhile, an electronic structure with 4a0 × 4a0 basic plaquettes emerges inhomogeneously, with an area fraction that grows with hole doping. In each plaquette, there are some unidirectional bars (along the Cu-O bond) which are most pronounced at energies near peaks in the DOS around at 25 meV, with an intensity that is especially pronounced at oxygen sites. We argue that the atomically resolved low-energy DOS and related gap are closely associated with some kinds of density waves, possibly reflecting modulations of the electron density, or a pair-density wave, i.e. a modulation of the local pairing. Our work sheds new light on the doping induced electronic evolution from the “parent” insulator of the cuprate superconductors.
Development of an ultrahigh resolution real time alpha particle imaging system for observing the trajectories of alpha particles in a scintillator
Authors: Yamamoto Seiichi , Yoshino Masao , Kamada Kei , Yajima Ryuga , Yoshikawa Akira , Nakanishi Kohei , Kataoka Jun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHigh-resolution imaging of alpha particles is required in the detection of alpha radionuclides in cells or small organs for the development of radio-compounds for targeted alpha-particle therapy or other purposes. We developed an ultrahigh resolution, real time alpha-particle imaging system for observing the trajectories of alpha particles in a scintillator. The developed system is based on a magnifying unit and a cooled electron multiplying charge-coupled device (EM-CCD) camera, combined with a 100-µm-thick Ce-doped Gd3Al2Ga3O12 (GAGG) scintillator plate. Alpha particles from an Am-241 source were irradiated to the GAGG scintillator and imaged with the system. Using our system, we measured the trajectories of the alpha particles having different shapes in real time. In some of these measured trajectories, the line shapes of the alpha particles that flew in the GAGG scintillator were clearly observed. The lateral profiles of the alpha-particle trajectories were imaged with widths of ~ 2 µm. We conclude that the developed imaging system is promising for research on targeted alpha-particle therapy or other alpha particle detections that require high spatial resolution.
Single-cell transcriptomes reveal heterogeneity of chlorine-induced mice acute lung injury and the inhibitory effect of pentoxifylline on ferroptosis
Authors: Zhao Chen-qian , Wang Chong , Liu Meng-meng , Cao Meng , Peng Jie , Kong De-qin , Ren Xiao-ting , Liu Rui , Hai Chun-xu , Zhang Xiao-di 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo investigate the effect of pentoxifylline (PTX) on Chlorine (Cl2)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Female BALB/c mice were exposed to Cl2 at 400 ppm for 15 min. H&E staining was used to observe the degree of lung injury. scRNA-seq was conducted to analysis of normal and Cl2-exposed mice lung tissues. Immunofluorescence was used to observe genes of interest. Thirty-two mice were randomly divided into four groups: Control, Cl2, Cl2+Fer-1, Cl2+PTX. TEM, WB and ELISA were used to detect ferroptosis-related indicators. The 5, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20 clusters were epithelial cells and 4, 15, 18, 19, 21 clusters were endothelial cells. Pseudo-time analysis revealed the differentiation trajectory of epithelial cells and key regulatory genes (Gclc, Bpifa1, Dnah5 and Dnah9) during the process of injury. Cell–cell communication analysis identified several important receptor–ligand complexes (Nrp1-Vegfa, Nrp2-Vegfa, Flt1-Vegfa and Flt4-Vegfa). Ferroptosis were found up-regulated in epithelial and endothelial cells by GSVA analysis. Highly expressed genes to which closely related ferroptosis were found by SCENIC analysis. PTX could significantly decrease the levels of MDA and abnormal high expression of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11, the key transporter of cystine) as well as increase the expression of GSH/GSSG and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) (p < 0.05). This study revealed novel molecular features of Cl2-induced ALI. PTX may be a potential specific drug by inhibiting the process of ferroptosis in epithelial and endothelial cells.
A prospective study on linking diarrheagenic E. coli with stunted childhood growth in relation to gut microbiome
Authors: Aziz Israr , Noreen Zobia , Ijaz Umer Zeeshan , Gundogdu Ozan , Hamid Muhammad Haroon , Muhammad Nazir , Khan Abdullah , Bokhari Habib 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStunted growth is an emerging global challenge affecting children under the age of 5 years in low- and middle-income countries. Despite such a high global prevalence of stunting, the mechanism of pathogenesis and the role of associated gut microbiota is poorly understood. The present study was designed to investigate the association of pathogenic strains of E. coli with the residential gut microbiota of stunted growth children. A total of 64 stool sample were collected from children aged ≤ 5 years, and were processed for isolation and molecular characterization of diarrheagenic E. coli. Selected stool samples (n = 39 including three normal controls) were then analysed for microbial community profiling using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing. Furthermore, associations between changes in the microbiota in the presence of different E. coli strains was explored. Pathotyping of the isolated E. coli (n = 64) has shown that 39.68% belonged to one of the five pathotypes of E. coli whilst the remaining ones were non-typeable. Amongst the different pathotypes, EPEC was found to be the most prevalent (52%; n = 13), followed by EAEC (20%; n = 5), EIEC (12%; n = 3), EHEC (8%; n = 2) and ETEC 2 (8%; n = 2). Phylogrouping analysis has shown that majority of the strains belonged to B2 (28.12%). Microbial diversity is shown to be significant and varied when the samples are organized under the recovered phylogroups. Moreover, based on predictive metabolism, the colonization of these strains were found to be significantly associated with energy utilization pathways such as Denovoprine-2 and glyoxylate-by. Differential analysis has shown that Escherichia-Shigella and Enterococcus were altered for the children with stunted growth.
Uncovering the fast, directional signal flow through the human temporal pole during semantic processing
Authors: Tiesinga P. , Platonov A. , Pelliccia V. , LoRusso G. , Sartori I. , Orban G. A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe temporal pole (TP) plays a central role in semantic memory, yet its neural machinery is unknown. Intracerebral recordings in patients discriminating visually the gender or actions of an actor, yielded gender discrimination responses in the ventrolateral (VL) and tip (T) regions of right TP. Granger causality revealed task-specific signals travelling first forward from VL to T, under control of orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and neighboring prefrontal cortex, and then, strongly, backwards from T to VL. Many other cortical regions provided inputs to or received outputs from both TP regions, often with longer delays, with ventral temporal afferents to VL signaling the actor’s physical appearance. The TP response timing reflected more that of the connections to VL, controlled by OFC, than that of the input leads themselves. Thus, visual evidence for gender categories, collected by VL, activates category labels in T, and consequently, category features in VL, indicating a two-stage representation of semantic categories in TP.
Psychometric evaluation and Rasch analyses of the German Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale (OASIS-D)
Authors: Hiller Thomas S. , Hoffmann Sabine , Teismann Tobias , Lukaschek Karoline , Gensichen Jochen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale (OASIS) is a 5-item self-report measure that captures symptoms of anxiety and associated functional impairments. This study evaluates a German version (OASIS-D) that was administered to a convenience sample of 1398 primary care patients of whom 419 were diagnosed with panic disorder with/without agoraphobia. Psychometric properties were analyzed using classical test theory as well as probabilistic test theory. Factor analyses suggested a unitary (latent) factor structure. The internal consistency was good to excellent. Convergent as well as discriminant validity with other self-report measures was found. A sum score (range 0–20) of ≥ 8 emerged as optimal cut-score for screening purposes. A difference score of ≥ 5 was indicative of reliable individual change. A Rasch analysis of local item independence suggested response dependency between the first two items. Rasch analyses of measurement invariance detected noninvariant subgroups associated with age and gender. Analyses of validity and optimal cut-off score were solely based on self-report measures, which may have introduced method effects. In sum, the findings support the transcultural validity of the OASIS and indicate its applicability to naturalistic primary care settings. Caution is warranted when using the scale to compare groups that differ in age or gender.
Revealing the stimulus-driven component of attention through modulations of auditory salience by timbre attributes
Authors: Bouvier Baptiste , Susini Patrick , Marquis-Favre Catherine , Misdariis Nicolas 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAttention allows the listener to select relevant information from their environment, and disregard what is irrelevant. However, irrelevant stimuli sometimes manage to capture it and stand out from a scene because of bottom-up processes driven by salient stimuli. This attentional capture effect was observed using an implicit approach based on the additional singleton paradigm. In the auditory domain, it was shown that sound attributes such as intensity and frequency tend to capture attention during auditory search (cost to performance) for targets defined on a different dimension such as duration. In the present study, the authors examined whether a similar phenomenon occurs for attributes of timbre such as brightness (related to the spectral centroid) and roughness (related the amplitude modulation depth). More specifically, we revealed the relationship between the variations of these attributes and the magnitude of the attentional capture effect. In experiment 1, the occurrence of a brighter sound (higher spectral centroid) embedded in sequences of successive tones produced significant search costs. In experiments 2 and 3, different values of brightness and roughness confirmed that attention capture is monotonically driven by the sound features. In experiment 4, the effect was found to be symmetrical: positive or negative, the same difference in brightness had the same negative effect on performance. Experiment 5 suggested that the effect produced by the variations of the two attributes is additive. This work provides a methodology for quantifying the bottom-up component of attention and brings new insights on attention capture and auditory salience.
Hematic auto-management and extraction for arterial line (HAMEL), a blood-preserving arterial line system: an animal study
Authors: Lee Hanyoung , Lee Jae-myeong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInvasive arterial line insertion is a common procedure in the intensive care unit ICU; however, it can cause unnecessary blood loss while procuring blood for laboratory tests. To reduce blood loss resulting from flushing out the arterial line dead space, we developed a new blood-preserving arterial line system: Hematic Auto-Management & Extraction for arterial Line (HAMEL, MUNE Corp.). Five male three-way crossbred pigs were used to evaluate the necessary amount of blood to be withdrawn before sampling to produce accurate results. We then tested whether the traditional sampling method and the HAMEL system showed non-inferior results for blood tests. Blood gas (CG4 + cartridge) and chemistry (CHEM8 + cartridge) analyses were used for comparison. The total unnecessary blood loss in the traditional sampling group was 5 mL/sample. For HAMEL, withdrawing 3 mL of blood before sampling yielded hematocrit and hemoglobin results within 90% confidence interval of traditional sampling group. Most intra-class correlation coefficients between the traditional sampling and HAMEL system groups were > 0.90. When compared to the traditional sampling method, withdrawal of 3 mL with HAMEL was sufficient before blood sampling. Utilization of the HAMEL system was not inferior to the traditional hand-sampling method. In addition, no unnecessary blood loss occurred in the HAMEL system.
Natural history of changes in knee skin temperature following total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gavish Lilach , Kandel Leonid , Rivkin Gurion , Gertz S. David , Hoffer Oshrit 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPatients undergoing total-knee arthroplasty (TKA) have transient increases in anterior knee skin temperature (ST) that subside as recovery progresses–except in cases of systemic or local prosthetic joint infections (PJI). This meta-analysis was designed to quantify the changes in knee ST following TKA in patients with uncomplicated recovery as a prerequisite for assessing the usefulness of thermal imaging for diagnosis of PJI. This meta-analysis (PROSPERO-CRD42021269864) was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. PUBMED and EMBASE were searched for studies reporting knee ST of patients that underwent unilateral TKA with uncomplicated recovery. The primary outcome was the weighted means of the differences in ST between the operated and the non-operated knees (ΔST) for each time point (before TKA, and 1 day; 1,2, and 6 weeks; and 3,6, and 12-months post-TKA). For this analysis, 318 patients were included from 10 studies. The elevation in ST was greatest during the first 2-weeks (ΔST = 2.8 °C) and remained higher than pre-surgery levels at 4–6 weeks. At 3-months, ΔST was 1.4 °C. It decreased to 0.9 °C and 0.6 °C at 6 and 12-months respectively. Establishing the baseline profile of knee ST following TKA provides the necessary first step for evaluating the usefulness of thermography for the diagnosis of post-procedural PJI.
Sex differences in patients with heart failure and mildly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Liu Zhican , Zhu Yunlong , Chen Sihao , Wu Mingxin , Huang Haobo , Peng Ke , Zhang Lingling , Zhao Wenjiao , Peng Xin , Li Na , Zhang Hui , Zhou Yuying , Peng Yiqun , Fan Jie , Zeng Jianping 
Published: April 2023

AbstractClinical studies on heart failure with mildly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFmrEF) have gradually increased. However, studies on the prognostic differences between men and women among patients with HFmrEF are few, and no evidence on sex differences in such patients exists. Therefore, we retrospectively assessed the data of patients with HFmrEF using propensity score-matched analysis (PSMA). A total of 1691 patients with HFmrEF were enrolled in the Outcome of Discharged HFmrEF Patients study (OUDI-HF study), which included 1095 men and 596 women. After propensity score matching, we compared the difference in cardiovascular (CV) events (cardiovascular death or heart failure readmission) and all-cause mortality at 90 days and 1 year after discharge between men and women using Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox regression. After PSMA, men with HFmrEF were 2.2 times more likely to die at 90 days than women with HFmrEF [hazard ratio (HR) 1.88; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.03–3.46; P = 0.041]. However, there was no difference in the 90-day CV events (HR 0.96; 95% CI 0.75–1.22; P = 0.718). Similarly, there was no difference in all-cause mortality (HR 1.16; 95% CI 0.81–1.65; P = 0.417) and CV events (HR 0.98; 95% CI 0.83–1.16; P = 0.817) between men and women after 1 year. Among the patients with HFmrEF, men had a higher 90-day risk of all-cause mortality than women after hospital discharge, and this risk disappeared after 1 year.Clinical Trial Registration: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT05240118 (ESC Heart Failure. (2022). doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ehf2.14044).
Loss of fungal symbionts and changes in pollinator availability caused by climate change will affect the distribution and survival chances of myco-heterotrophic orchid species
Authors: Kolanowska Marta 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe first comprehensive species distribution models for orchid, its fungal symbionts and pollinator are presented. To evaluate impact of global warming on these organisms three different projections and four various climate change scenarios were analysed. The niche modelling was based on presence-only records of Limodorum abortivum, two species of Russula and three insects pollinating orchid (Anthophora affinis, Bombus terrestris, Rhodanthidium septemdentatum). Two sets of orchid predictions were examined—the first one included only climatic data and the second one was based on climate data and data on future distribution of orchid fungal symbionts. Overall, a poleward range shift is predicted to occur as a result of climate change and apparently global warming will be favorable for L. abortivum and its potential geographical range will expand. However, due to the negative effect of global warming on fungal symbionts of L. abortivum, the actual extension of the suitable niches of the orchid will be much limited. Considering future possibility of cross-pollination, the availability of A. affinis for L. abortivum will decrease and this bee will be available in the worst case scenarios only for 21% of orchid populations. On the other hand, the overlap of orchid and the buff-tailed bumblebee will increase and as much as 86.5% of plant populations will be located within B. terrestris potential range. Also the availability of R. septemdentatum will be higher than currently observed in almost all analysed climate change projections. This study showed the importance of inclusion of ecological factors in species distribution models as the climate data itself are not enough to estimate the future distribution of plant species. Moreover, the availability of pollen vectors which is crucial for long-term survival of orchid populations should be analysed in context of climate changes.