bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and Risk Assessment of Distinct Prognostic Subtypes in Sepsis Patients Requiring Invasive Mechanical Ventilation Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Models
Authors: chen jialong , Lin Jing , Wen Jianing , Weng Jianzhen , Ju Yang , li Yanming yanming 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background: Sepsis is a global health threat, and invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) is crucial but may lead to complications. We hypothesized that ML and DL models could identify prognostic subtypes in sepsis patients requiring invasive MV.
Method: A retrospective cohort study included sepsis patients from MIMIC-IV, using various ML and DL models (e.g., RF, XGBoost, CNN, etc.), with eICU data for external validation. AUCs and SHAP values assessed model performance and feature importance.
Result: 12,929 MIMIC-IV and 1,437 eICU patients were analyzed. RF, Adaboost, Catboost, LGBM, ANN, and CNN exhibited robust discriminatory power in MIMIC-IV (AUCs: 0.82-0.84). RF excelled across both databases (sensitivity: 0.825, specificity: 0.863, AUC: 0.844), with critical predictors of clinical death identified through SHAP values. A risk calculator for clinical death risk in sepsis patients was developed based on the RF model.
Conclusion: The RF model assists in assessing in-hospital mortality risk in sepsis patients undergoing invasive MV, offering valuable insights for clinical decisions.
Enhancement of RBPJ expression by p30 promoted adult T-cell leukemia progression
Authors: Zheng Tingjin , Cheng Wenzhao , Tang Mingqing , Zeng Chong , Zhang Zhishan , Xu Ruian 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is a fatal blood cancer caused by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection. The recombination signal-binding protein of immunoglobulin kappa J region (RBPJ), a DNA bind protein, is associated with viral infectious diseases. However, little is known about how RBPJ is involved in HTLV-1 infection, and the molecular mechanisms of RBPJ in ATL progression have not been comprehensively investigated. Here, we reported that RBPJ was overexpressed in most ATL cell lines. Additional luciferase reporter assays displayed that p30, but not Tax or HBZ, was responsible for enhanced RBPJ transcription. Further pathological observations revealed that RBPJ was sufficient to reprogram the cell cycle and initiate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), resulting in ATL tumorigenesis. In a word, our present study identified RBPJ as a novel p30 target and a key regulator during ATL tumorigenesis.
Association of Serum Homocysteine with Vitamin B12 and folate levels in women with Pre- eclampsia
Authors: Yadav Binod Kumar , Maskey Suvana , Bhattarai Aseem , Pradhananga Salina , Regmi Astha , Shakya Sabina 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Pre-eclampsia is a syndrome that chiefly includes the development of new-onset hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of pregnancy. Pre-eclampsia is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in Nepal. Hyperhomocysteinemia may be a cause of the endothelial dysfunction provoked by oxidative stress in pre-eclampsia. This study was designed to evaluate the association of homocysteine with Vitamin B12 and folate in patients with pre-eclampsia.
Method
An observational cross sectional study was performed in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Department of TUTH involving seventy two subjects with pre-eclampsia. Blood pressure, urinary protein levels, serum homocysteine, Vitamin B12 and folate levels were compared in both mild and severe forms of pre-eclampsia. Concentration of Vitamin B12 and folate were measured using Vitros ECI and homocysteine was measured using CLIA. SPSS 23.0 was used to analyze the data. Tests were performed with Mann Whitney Test and Spearman’s rank correlation test. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
This study shows no significant difference in age and weeks of gestation in both Mild and severe forms of pre-eclampsia. Mean concentration of homocysteine is higher (13.1 ± 6.4 micromol/L) in severe Pre-eclampsia as compared to mild cases (7.6 ± 2.8 micromol/L). Mean concentration of folate is lower in severe cases (35.4 ± 24.1 micromol/L) when compared with mild cases of pre-eclampsia (57 ± 23.4 micromol/L).
Conclusion
Homocysteine levels were increased in severe Pre-eclampsia when compared with mild pre-eclampsia and this finding can be used to predict and prevent complications in patients with pre-eclampsia.
A multi-system comparison of forecast flooding extent using a scale-selective approach
Authors: Hooker Helen , Dance Sarah L. , Mason David C. , Bevington John , Shelton Kay 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Fluvial flood forecasting systems increasingly couple river discharge to a flood map library or a real-time hydrodynamic model to provide forecast flood maps to humanitarian agencies. The forecast flood maps can be linked to potential impacts to inform forecast-based financing schemes. We investigate a new application of scale-selective verification by evaluating three flood forecasting systems. Two simulation library systems, Flood Foresight (30 m) and GloFAS Rapid Flood Mapping (1,000 m) and one hydrodynamically modelled system, the Bangladesh Flood Forecasting and Warning Centre (FFWC) Super Model (300 m), all made predictions of flooding extent at different spatial scales (grid lengths, in brackets) for the Jamuna River flood, Bangladesh, July 2020. The flood maps are validated against synthetic-aperture-radar-derived observations of flooding using a scale-selective approach that can compare directly across different spatial scales. At short forecast lead times, the Super Model outperforms the other systems. Near to the Bangladesh border, the trans-boundary benefits of the two global systems are evident. We find that scale-selective methods can quantify the skill of systems operating at different spatial scales so that the benefits and limitations can be evaluated. Multi-system comparison of flood maps is important for improving impact-based forecasts and ensuring funds and response activities are appropriately targeted.
CFD modelling of an immobilised photocatalytic reactor for phenol degradation
Authors: Devipriya B. , Mohanan Sreelal , Surenjan Anupama 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Photocatalysis is an advanced oxidation process, which has been gaining attention as a sustainable technology for tackling pollution. Optimum design, fabrication and scaling up of novel photocatalytic reactors are faced with problems such as fabrication cost and numerous experimental trials for optimisation. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), a computer simulation technique can ease the process of scaling up photocatalytic reactors. The current study focuses on CFD modelling of a serpentine flow path photocatalytic reactor with curved baffles for phenol degradation. The investigation compared different reactor configurations to finalise the optimum design with maximum removal efficiency. Initially, a simple cuboidal reactor was chosen with an efficiency of 27%. However, with a serpentine flow path being introduced, the reactor displayed an improved efficiency of 42%. The addition of baffles improved flow homogeneity and degradation efficiency. The investigation showed that serpentine flow increased the residence time and fluid mixing, while the curved baffles prevented flow channelisation, which enhanced the degradation efficiency. Efficiencies corresponding to different baffle types and geometry were also compared and the final reactor design chosen was a horizontal curved baffled serpentine flow reactor with a flow rate of 0.3 L/s and improved efficiency of 43.1% for a residence time of 18.44 s.
A comparative study between low- and high-tech methods for the detection and mitigation of illicit connections in stormwater systems
Authors: Schilperoort Remy , Post Johan , Klootwijk Martijn , Hoefeijzers Bas , Hof Arjo , Palsma Bert , Leenen Imke , Schmitt Heike , Blaak Hetty , de Rijk Sharona , McCarthy David , Makris Konstantinos F. , Langeveld Jeroen G. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Illicit connections of wastewater to stormwater systems are the main drawback of separate sewer systems, as they lead to a direct discharge of untreated wastewater to the aquatic environment. Consequently, several inspection methods have been developed for detecting illicit connections. This study simultaneously applied several low- and high-tech methods for the detection of illicit connections in the same catchment (De Heuvel, the Netherlands). The methods included mesh wire screens for capturing coarse contamination, measurements of electroconductivity and temperature, sampling and quantification of Escherichia coli and extended-spectrum ß-lactamase-producing E. coli (ESBL-EC), DNA analysis via quantitative polymerase chain reaction for human-, dog-, and bird-specific fecal indicators, and distributed temperature sensing. Significant illicit connections could be identified using all methods. Nonetheless, hydraulic conditions and, predominantly, the sewage volume determine whether a misconnection can be detected by especially the low-tech methods. Using these results, the identified misconnections were repaired and biological and DNA analyses were repeated. Our results demonstrate that there were no changes in E. coli or ESBL-EC before and after mitigation, suggesting that these common markers of fecal contamination are not specific enough to evaluate the performance of mitigation efforts. However, a marked decrease in human wastewater markers (HF183) was observed.
Digital Phenotyping for Stress, Anxiety, and Mild Depression: Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Choi Adrien , Ooi Aysel , Lottridge Danielle 
Published: September 2023

Background
Unaddressed early-stage mental health issues, including stress, anxiety, and mild depression, can become a burden for individuals in the long term. Digital phenotyping involves capturing continuous behavioral data via digital smartphone devices to monitor human behavior and can potentially identify milder symptoms before they become serious.

Objective
This systematic literature review aimed to answer the following questions: (1) what is the evidence of the effectiveness of digital phenotyping using smartphones in identifying behavioral patterns related to stress, anxiety, and mild depression? and (2) in particular, which smartphone sensors are found to be effective, and what are the associated challenges?

Methods
We used the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) process to identify 36 papers (reporting on 40 studies) to assess the key smartphone sensors related to stress, anxiety, and mild depression. We excluded studies conducted with nonadult participants (eg, teenagers and children) and clinical populations, as well as personality measurement and phobia studies. As we focused on the effectiveness of digital phenotyping using smartphones, results related to wearable devices were excluded.

Results
We categorized the studies into 3 major groups based on the recruited participants: studies with students enrolled in universities, studies with adults who were unaffiliated to any particular organization, and studies with employees employed in an organization. The study length varied from 10 days to 3 years. A range of passive sensors were used in the studies, including GPS, Bluetooth, accelerometer, microphone, illuminance, gyroscope, and Wi-Fi. These were used to assess locations visited; mobility; speech patterns; phone use, such as screen checking; time spent in bed; physical activity; sleep; and aspects of social interactions, such as the number of interactions and response time. Of the 40 included studies, 31 (78%) used machine learning models for prediction; most others (n=8, 20%) used descriptive statistics. Students and adults who experienced stress, anxiety, or depression visited fewer locations, were more sedentary, had irregular sleep, and accrued increased phone use. In contrast to students and adults, less mobility was seen as positive for employees because less mobility in workplaces was associated with higher performance. Overall, travel, physical activity, sleep, social interaction, and phone use were related to stress, anxiety, and mild depression.

Conclusions
This study focused on understanding whether smartphone sensors can be effectively used to detect behavioral patterns associated with stress, anxiety, and mild depression in nonclinical participants. The reviewed studies provided evidence that smartphone sensors are effective in identifying behavioral patterns associated with stress, anxiety, and mild depression.
Exploring the Possible Use of AI Chatbots in Public Health Education: Feasibility Study
Authors: Baglivo Francesco , De Angelis Luigi , Casigliani Virginia , Arzilli Guglielmo , Privitera Gaetano Pierpaolo , Rizzo Caterina 
Published: September 2023

Background
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a rapidly developing field with the potential to transform various aspects of health care and public health, including medical training. During the “Hygiene and Public Health” course for fifth-year medical students, a practical training session was conducted on vaccination using AI chatbots as an educational supportive tool. Before receiving specific training on vaccination, the students were given a web-based test extracted from the Italian National Medical Residency Test. After completing the test, a critical correction of each question was performed assisted by AI chatbots.

Objective
The main aim of this study was to identify whether AI chatbots can be considered educational support tools for training in public health. The secondary objective was to assess the performance of different AI chatbots on complex multiple-choice medical questions in the Italian language.

Methods
A test composed of 15 multiple-choice questions on vaccination was extracted from the Italian National Medical Residency Test using targeted keywords and administered to medical students via Google Forms and to different AI chatbot models (Bing Chat, ChatGPT, Chatsonic, Google Bard, and YouChat). The correction of the test was conducted in the classroom, focusing on the critical evaluation of the explanations provided by the chatbot. A Mann-Whitney U test was conducted to compare the performances of medical students and AI chatbots. Student feedback was collected anonymously at the end of the training experience.

Results
In total, 36 medical students and 5 AI chatbot models completed the test. The students achieved an average score of 8.22 (SD 2.65) out of 15, while the AI chatbots scored an average of 12.22 (SD 2.77). The results indicated a statistically significant difference in performance between the 2 groups (U=49.5, P<.001), with a large effect size (r=0.69). When divided by question type (direct, scenario-based, and negative), significant differences were observed in direct (P<.001) and scenario-based (P<.001) questions, but not in negative questions (P=.48). The students reported a high level of satisfaction (7.9/10) with the educational experience, expressing a strong desire to repeat the experience (7.6/10).

Conclusions
This study demonstrated the efficacy of AI chatbots in answering complex medical questions related to vaccination and providing valuable educational support. Their performance significantly surpassed that of medical students in direct and scenario-based questions. The responsible and critical use of AI chatbots can enhance medical education, making it an essential aspect to integrate into the educational system.
Prediction of Cardiometabolic Health Through Changes in Plasma Proteins With Intentional Weight Loss in the DiRECT and DIADEM-I Randomized Clinical Trials of Type 2 Diabetes Remission
Authors: Sattar Naveed , Taheri Shahrad , Astling David P. , Chadwick Jessica , Hinterberg Michael A. , Holmes Michael V. , Troth Emma V. , Welsh Paul , Zaghloul Hadeel , Chagoury Odette , Lean Mike , Taylor Roy , Williams Steve 
Published: September 2023

OBJECTIVE
To determine the extent to which changes in plasma proteins, previously predictive of cardiometabolic outcomes, predict changes in two diabetes remission trials.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We applied SomaSignal predictive tests (each derived from ∼5,000 plasma protein measurements using aptamer-based proteomics assay) to baseline and 1-year samples of trial intervention (Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial [DiRECT], n = 118, and Diabetes Intervention Accentuating Diet and Enhancing Metabolism [DIADEM-I], n = 66) and control (DiRECT, n = 144, DIADEM-I, n = 76) group participants.

RESULTS
Mean (SD) weight loss in DiRECT (U.K.) and DIADEM-I (Qatar) was 10.2 (7.4) kg and 12.1 (9.5) kg, respectively, vs. 1.0 (3.7) kg and 4.0 (5.4) kg in control groups. Cardiometabolic SomaSignal test results showed significant improvement (Bonferroni-adjusted P &lt; 0.05) in DiRECT and DIADEM-I (expressed as relative difference, intervention minus control) as follows, respectively: liver fat (−26.4%, −37.3%), glucose tolerance (−36.6%, −37.4%), body fat percentage (−8.6%, −8.7%), resting energy rate (−8.0%, −5.1%), visceral fat (−34.3%, −26.1%), and cardiorespiratory fitness (9.5%, 10.3%). Cardiovascular risk (measured with SomaSignal tests) also improved in intervention groups relative to control, but this was significant only in DiRECT (DiRECT, −44.2%, and DIADEM-I, −9.2%). However, weight loss &gt;10 kg predicted significant reductions in cardiovascular risk, −19.1% (95% CI −33.4 to −4.91) in DiRECT and −33.4% (95% CI −57.3, −9.6) in DIADEM-I. DIADEM-I also demonstrated rapid emergence of metabolic improvements at 3 months.

CONCLUSIONS
Intentional weight loss in recent-onset type 2 diabetes rapidly induces changes in protein-based risk models consistent with widespread cardiometabolic improvements, including cardiorespiratory fitness. Protein changes with greater (&gt;10 kg) weight loss also predicted lower cardiovascular risk, providing a positive outlook for relevant ongoing trials.
Comparative oral health outcomes before and after periodontitis treatment: Scaling and root planning alone versus Nd: YAG Laser Assisted New Attachment Procedure.
Authors: Bechir Edwin Sever 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Periodontitis is a multifactorial condition that impacts the support tissues of the teeth. The purpose of the research was to correlate the results obtained in the treatment of patients with at least stage II periodontitis by scaling and root planing alone (SRP), or by the laser-assisted new attachment procedure (LANAP), and to assess the outcomes and patients' perceptions regarding the influence of these therapies on their quality of life by using The Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire.
Materials and methods: The oral cavities of 15 patients were divided into quadrants, and, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two quadrants were allocated to one of the groups after the effectuated therapy: SRP or LANAP. The patient’s periodontal status (VPI, PPD, BOP, and CAL) was assessed and filed in a periodontal chart at baseline and 6 weeks after the implementation of the treatments, along with the OHIP-14 questionnaire. SRP was conducted for the first group of patients, in the selected quadrant and in the two remaining quadrants that were not included in the study. The LANAP protocol was applied to the quadrant belonging to the second group (LANAP) using a 1064 nm Nd: YAG laser (Lightwalker AT-S, Fotona®, Slovenia).
Results: The results showed that both noninvasive treatments are effective in diminishing VPI, PPD, BOP, and CAL in periodontal patients, and the scores obtained 6 weeks after the end of the periodontal treatments determined the improvement of the patient's perception in the questionnaire.
Conclusion: Both the association of the Nd: YAG laser with scaling and root planing (LANAP) and SRP alone provided safe and efficient outcomes, resulting in high levels of satisfaction among patients at 6 weeks after treatment.
Stalinism and the Stalinist model: Comparative study on its origins and characteristics in the communist regime in Albania
Authors: Spahija Anelmo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
For more than 45 years, Albania was ruled by one of the harshest dictatorial regimes that Europe has experienced during the 20-th century. The communist regime in Albania had several special features, starting from its origins and establishment, and continuing further with its special characteristics, the society and the economic-social system it built. These features set it apart from other communist regimes in Eastern Europe. But what remains as the primary feature of the communist regime in Albania is its loyalty and steadfastness in following and further developing the Stalinist model, a model that was finally abandoned in Eastern Europe and the USSR in the mid-1950s, and further in China after the death of Mao Zedong (1978). This study aims to investigate the special characteristics underlying the Stalinist model and the causes that enabled its implementation, adaptation and development in the conditions of the rule of the dictatorial regime in Albania.
Using Fuzzy TOPSIS and Balanced Scorecard for Kaizen Evaluation
Authors: El Dardery Ola I.S. , Gomaa Ismail , Rayan Adel R. M. , Frendy  , Khayat Ghada El , Sabry Sara H. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Kaizen is a very important continuous improvement technique; however, measuring kaizen results/benefits have not been clearly and comprehensively addressed by the literature.

Objectives
This paper aims to propose a kaizen measuring system by integrating a Balanced Scorecard (BSC) and a Fuzzy Technique for Order Performance by Similarity to Ideal Solution (Fuzzy TOPSIS).

Methods/Approach
Three research instruments were distributed to kaizen experts to allocate kaizen benefits into the four BSC perspectives. The best measures of kaizen benefits were determined by employing the Fuzzy TOPSIS technique.

Results
The results present a kaizen performance evaluation system where the benefits were allocated into the four BSC perspectives, and the best measure for each kaizen benefit was chosen using fuzzy TOPSIS.

Conclusions
The research contributes to the literature by proposing a kaizen measurement system that will pair each benefit of using kaizen with BSC perspectives and measures, thus expanding the advantages of adopting kaizen to any sector or industry.
Military Science and Educational Institutions
Authors: Vuk Pavel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The concept of military science represents the interaction of the system of military disciplines, civilian and military educational institutions and their researchers, whose work is focused on the most important societal value - security. In the context of interpretations by various authors, dictionaries and encyclopedias, the article critically examines the conceptualisation of military science, which has not received much attention in the Slovenian literature. In addition to conceptual challenges, the paper also answers the question of what military science is and how it should be understood in the context of contemporary interdisciplinary approaches and efforts of educational and other institutions that analytically grapple with a wide variety of insights, objects or topics related to the military as a phenomenon, practice or idea.