bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing Amphetamine Certified Reference Materials: From Batch and Continuous‐Flow Synthesis to Certification Protocol
Authors: Silva Thais G. , de Souza Rodrigo O. M. A. , Garrido Bruno C. , do Rego Eliane C. P. , Wollinger Wagner , Finelli Fernanda G. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCertified reference materials (CRM) of amphetamine derivatives were produced through a simple, rapid and efficient synthesis in both batch and continuous‐flow conditions, accompanied by the development of a comprehensive certification protocol for this class of substances. Our chemistry enabled the synthesis of MDA, MDMA, PMA and PMMA in two steps from safrole and estragole with overall yields of 38–61 % in 48 hours under batch conditions and 61–65 % in 65 minutes under continuous‐flow conditions, followed by the development of a certification protocol for these materials through identity checking, homogeneity, stability, and characterization studies. Furthermore, as result of this work, a very pure CRM of MDA.HCl with 99.1±1.4 g/100 g of certified characterization value was produced. Considering the importance of supplying amphetamine calibrants for public security efforts in Forensic Chemistry, the potential therapeutical applications, and responding to the rising demand for the synthesis of CRM, this work presents a pioneering approach for the production of amphetamine and related compounds.
Measuring board diversity: A systematic literature review of data sources, constructs, pitfalls, and suggestions for future research
Authors: Behlau Hendrik , Wobst Janice , Lueg Rainer 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this systematic literature review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the methods used to measure board diversity. We develop a framework to structure empirical studies and develop an agenda for future research. We selected 61 empirical articles from an initial sample of 1035. This study discusses the different data collection methods. We group director and board attributes into the constructs of structural, demographic, and cognitive diversity. We identify four different approaches to combining and measuring diversity: non‐index, single‐index, cross‐indices, and inter‐indices. We find that measuring board diversity requires a mixture of archival and primary research, as well as various methods such as applying indices, constructing heterogeneity scores, and using machine learning approaches to infer directors' attributes. We contribute to research by providing a framework that structures measuring techniques for board diversity, a future research agenda, and insights on potential window‐dressing.
Sodium‐Selenium Batteries with Outstanding Rate Capability by Introducing Cubic Mn2O3 Electrocatalyst**
Authors: Erdol Zeynep , Ata Ali , Demir‐Cakan Rezan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWith their high volumetric capacity and electronic conductivity, sodium‐selenium (Na−Se) batteries have attracted attention for advanced battery systems. However, the irreversible deposition of sodium selenide (Na2Se) results in rapid capacity degradation and poor Coulombic efficiency. To address these issues, cubic α‐Mn2O3 is introduced herein as an electrocatalyst to effectively catalyze Na2Se conversion and improve the utilization of active materials. The results show that the addition of 10 wt% Mn2O3 in the selenium/Ketjen black (Se/KB) composite enhances the conversion from Na2Se to Se by lowering activation energy barrier and leads to fast sodium‐ion kinetics and low internal resistance. Consequently, the Mn2O3‐based composite delivers a high specific capacity of 635 mAh ⋅ g−1 at 675 mA ⋅ g−1 after 250 cycles as well as excellent cycling stability for 800 cycles with a high specific capacity of 317 mAh ⋅ g−1 even at the high current density of 3375 mA ⋅ g−1. Due to the cubic Mn2O3 electrocatalyst, the performance of the composites is superior to existing state‐of‐the‐art Na−Se batteries reported in the literature.
Coulomb effects in electronic transport
Authors: Narozhny Boris N. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCharge transport in metals and semiconductors is often dominated by electron‐impurity and electron–phonon scattering. Coulomb effects could be found in small corrections to the leading behavior, drag effects in specially fabricated samples, compensated semimetals, and hydrodynamic phenomena in ultra‐pure materials. In contrast, electrical resistivity in strongly correlated systems is poorly understood. Understanding the fate of electron–phonon scattering in these materials may offer a route towards future advancements.
Evaluating the use of non‐invasive hair sampling and ddRAD to characterize populations of endangered species: Application to a peripheral population of the European mink
Authors: Balmori‐de la Puente Alfonso , Escoda Lídia , Fernández‐González Ángel , Menéndez‐Pérez Daniel , González‐Esteban Jorge , Castresana Jose 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe application of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) to non‐invasive samples is one of the most promising methods in conservation genomics, but these types of samples present significant challenges for NGS. The European mink (Mustela lutreola) is critically endangered throughout its range. However, important aspects such as census size and inbreeding remain still unknown in many populations, so it is crucial to develop new methods to monitor this species. In this work, we placed hair tubes along riverbanks in a border area of the Iberian population, which allowed the genetic identification of 76 European mink hair samples. We then applied a reduced representation genomic sequencing (ddRAD) technique to a subset of these samples to test whether we could extract sufficient genomic information from them. We show that several problems with the DNA, including contamination, fragmentation, oxidation, and possibly sample mixing, affected the samples. Using various bioinformatic techniques to reduce these problems, we were able to unambiguously genotype 19 hair samples belonging to six individuals. This small number of individuals showed that the demographic status of the species in this peripheral population is worse than expected. The data obtained also allowed us to perform preliminary analyses of relatedness and inbreeding. Although further improvements in sampling and analysis are needed, the application of the ddRAD technique to non‐invasively obtained hairs represents a significant advance in the genomic study of endangered species.
Ecohydrology of two northern Wisconsin bogs
Authors: Watras Carl J. , Hanson Paul C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe dynamics of water and solutes were investigated in two northern bog ponds using sensor networks and discrete water samples. Embedded sensors monitored water level (S), precipitation (P), evaporation (E), water temperature (T) and specific conductivity (SC) in the peatlands and encircled ponds at 30 min time intervals from 2009 to 2015. Pond water chemistry was monitored seasonally from 2000 to 2020. Daily hydrographs and water budgets indicated that both bogs are ombrotrophic systems, perched above the local water table. Although the predominant flowpath for liquid water was precipitation → pond → peatland → underlying glacial deposits, evaporation accounted for 70% to 90% of water losses. High dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the ponds resulted from transient reversals of flowpath and from molecular diffusion across the peatland/pond interface (a tea bag effect). DOM of peatland origin dominated pond water chemistry, regulating the concentration of important metals, major nutrients and the acid–base status of both bog ponds. Elevated concentrations of Fe, Hg and MeHg in the ponds reflected ligand binding by DOM. The formation of DOM‐Fe‐PO4 complexes likely accounted for >3‐fold higher P concentration relative to nearby clearwater lakes. Linear regression of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) against the anion deficit indicated that DOM contributed up to 6.6 mEq of strong acid per gramme carbon in pond waters. Winter maxima in the seasonal cycles of DOC, Ca, Mg, N, P, Hg and MeHg in both bog ponds were attributable, in large part, to salting out during ice formation. We conclude that multiple methods are needed to understand the dynamics of water and solutes in bog ecosystems.
Enhancing distribution generator impact mitigation using an adaptive protection scheme based on modified pelican optimization algorithm and active database management system
Authors: Abdelhamid Mohamed , Kamel Salah , Zeinoddini‐Meymand Hamed 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper addresses the challenge of protecting electrical networks in the presence of distribution generators (DGs). The use of DGs affects fault currents, leading to miscoordination between protection relays and causing constraints on network reliability. To tackle this issue, the authors propose an adaptive protection scheme (APS) based on a modified pelican optimization algorithm (MPOA) and active database management system (ADBMS). The APS coordinates directional overcurrent relays and distance relays, while the MPOA simulates a pelican mating strategy and includes a modified internal equation. The proposed APS is further upgraded with ADBMS to save system resources by storing relay settings in the database and calling them when the state of DGs changes without running optimization algorithms. The effectiveness of the proposed APS is validated on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) eight‐bus test system and the IEEE 14‐bus distribution network. Results indicate that the APS can effectively protect electrical networks in the presence of DGs, while the ADBMS upgrade saves system resources.
Digitizing weather observations from World War II US naval ship logbooks
Authors: Teleti Praveen , Hawkins Ed , Wood Kevin R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe number and coverage of weather observations over the oceans were considerably reduced during World War II (WW2) due to disruptions to normal trade routes. The observations that do exist for this period are often unavailable to science as they are still only available as paper records or scanned images. We have rescued the detailed hourly weather observations contained in more than 28,000 logbook images of the US Navy Pacific Fleet stationed at Hawai'i during 1941–1945 to produce a dataset of more than 630,000 records. Each record contains the date and time, positional information and several meteorological measurements, totalling more than 3 million individual observations. The data rescue process consisted of a citizen science project asking volunteers to transcribe the observations from the available images, followed by additional quality control processes. This dataset not only contains hourly weather observations of air temperature, sea surface temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and wind direction, mainly in the Pacific Ocean but also includes some observations from the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. The new observations are found to be of good quality by inter‐comparing independent measurements taken on ships travelling in convoy and by comparing with the 20th‐Century Reanalysis. This dataset provides invaluable instrumental weather observations at times and places during WW2, which fill gaps in existing reconstructions.
Deep learning for COVID‐19 contamination analysis and prediction using ECG images on Raspberry Pi 4
Authors: Mhamdi Lotfi , Dammak Oussama , Cottin François , Ben Dhaou Imed 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper's primary goal is to diagnose COVID‐19 contamination based on the artificial intelligence approach automatically. We used convolutional neural network deep learning algorithm for analyzing the ECG images to detect cardiac abnormalities, consequent of the contamination by the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus, responsible for the COVID‐19 epidemic. We designed, trained, and evaluated the performance of two deep learning models (MobileNetV2 and VGG16) in detecting and distinguishing between two different classes (healthy subjects and COVID‐19 positive cases). Indeed, this virus attacks the human respiratory system, which could affect the heart system. Thus, developing a deep learning model could help for a quick and efficient diagnosis, prediction, and physician decision‐making. The performed deep learning model will be used for predicting abnormal cardiac activities consequent to the contamination by the virus. The overall classification rate achieved by the models was 99.34% and 99.67% for MobileNetV2 and VGG16, respectively. Therefore, this approach can efficiently contribute to the diagnosis of COVID‐19 contamination.
Field evaluation of haricot bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) response to supplemental irrigation in Arba Minch area: Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Otoro Gezimu Gelu , Hatiye Samuel Dagalo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the impact of supplemental irrigation (SI) on the water use efficiency and yield of haricot beans during the growing seasons from 2020 to 2022. Six treatments were tested, including rain‐fed/no irrigation (T1), full irrigation throughout the season (T2), SI at vegetative, flowering and pod formation (T3), SI at emergence, vegetative and pod formation (T4), SI at emergence, flowering and grain filling (T5) and SI at emergence, pod formation and grain filling (T6), with three replications arranged in a randomized complete block design. The results showed that T2 significantly affected all growth and yield parameters except pod length and harvest index. However, T3 provided better water use efficiency and more acceptable yield reduction than T2. Thus, applying SI during the vegetative, flowering and pod formation phases proves to be more efficient for the production of haricot beans in the area under study as it leads to better economic returns and water productivity. In summary, irrigating the crop during the critical growth stages would result in water conservation and improved water productivity. Further research is recommended on SI to improve water use efficiency across different locations and seasons.
Syntaxin 18 Defects in Human and Zebrafish Unravel Key Roles in Early Cartilage and Bone Development
Authors: Guillemyn Brecht , De Saffel Hanna , Bek Jan Willem , Tapaneeyaphan Piyanoot , De Clercq Adelbert , Jarayseh Tamara , Debaenst Sophie , Willaert Andy , De Rycke Riet , Byers Peter H , Rosseel Toon , Coucke Paul , Blaumeiser Bettina , Syx Delfien , Malfait Fransiska , Symoens Sofie 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
SNARE proteins comprise a conserved protein family responsible for catalyzing membrane fusion during vesicle traffic. Syntaxin18 (STX18) is a poorly characterized endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident t-SNARE. Recently, together with TANGO1 and SLY1, its involvement was shown in ER to Golgi transport of collagen II during chondrogenesis. We report a fetus with a severe osteochondrodysplasia in whom we identified a homozygous substitution of the highly conserved p.Arg10 to Pro of STX18. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Stx18 deficiency in zebrafish reveals a crucial role for Stx18 in cartilage and bone development. Furthermore, increased expression of multiple components of the Stx18 SNARE complex and of COPI and COPII proteins suggests that Stx18 deficiency impairs antero- and retrograde vesicular transport in the crispant stx18 zebrafish. Taken together, our studies highlight a new candidate gene for a recessive form of osteochondrodysplasia, thereby possibly broadening the SNAREopathy phenotypic spectrum and opening new doors toward future research avenues. © 2023 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Analysis of cortical cell polarity by imaging flow cytometry
Authors: Jespersen Jesper H. , Harazin Andras , Bohn Anja B. , Christensen Anni , Lorentzen Esben , Lorentzen Anna 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMetastasis is the main cause of cancer‐related death and therapies specifically targeting metastasis are highly needed. Cortical cell polarity (CCP) is a prometastatic property of circulating tumor cells affecting their ability to exit blood vessels and form new metastases that constitute a promising point of attack to prevent metastasis. However, conventional fluorescence microscopy on single cells and manual quantification of CCP are time‐consuming and unsuitable for screening regulators. In this study, we developed an imaging flow cytometry‐based method for high‐throughput screening of factors affecting CCP in melanoma cells. The artificial intelligence‐supported analysis method we developed is highly reproducible, accurate, and orders of magnitude faster than manual quantification. Additionally, this method is flexible and can be adapted to include additional cellular parameters. In a small‐scale pilot experiment using polarity‐, cytoskeleton‐, or membrane‐affecting drugs, we demonstrate that our workflow provides a straightforward and efficient approach for screening factors affecting CCP in cells in suspension and provide insights into the specific function of these drugs in this cellular system. The method and workflow presented here will facilitate large‐scale studies to reveal novel cell‐intrinsic as well as systemic factors controlling CCP during metastasis.
Solubilization and 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl antiradical activity of butylated hydroxyanisole in aqueous surfactant micelles
Authors: Shafi Soliyah , Andrabi Syed Jasirah , Kumar Gajendra , Bhat Parvaiz Ahmad , Dar Aijaz Ahmad , Chat Oyais Ahmad 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe solubilization of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) in aqueous surfactant solutions of different architectures (anionic, cationic, and nonionic) has been investigated to improve its aqueous solubility and assess the effect of surfactant‐based multiphase environments on its antiradical activity against 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Herein, we report that the micellar encapsulation and DDPH antiradical activity of BHA are highly dependent on the structure and amount of surfactant used. Radical scavenging activity (RSA) and solubilization were efficient in nonionics compared to ionics. DPPH reduction kinetics in micellar media is essential to uncover the behavior of BHA in multiphase environments commonly encountered in different food systems simulated by aqueous micelles. The study is important to identify the optimal medium for improving the solubility and antioxidant capacity of compounds like BHA, and to anticipate the effect of different micro‐heterogeneous/multiphase environments on BHA's antioxidant capability.
Post‐harvest ultraviolet irradiation induces changes in physical–chemical properties and levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and gene expression in mulberry fruit
Authors: Ghafari Hajar , Hassanpour Hamid , Motafakkerazad Rouhollah 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDEarlier studies reported that post‐harvest ultraviolet (UV) irradiation could increase the health‐promoting compounds in fruit but the effects of UV irradiation on the reduction of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content in mulberries remain less known. Black mulberry fruit were exposed to two UV illumination dosages (3.5 and 7 kJ m−2) and were stored for 4, 8, and 12 days.RESULTSMulberries treated in this way displayed higher antioxidant enzyme activity and phenolic compound content in comparison with a control condition. The transcription factors (TFs) MdoMYB121, MdoMYB155, MdbZIP2, and MdbZIP48 were strongly expressed in two UV illumination dosages (about 45–95% higher than the control). The fluorine (Flu) and naphthalene (Nap) content in treated fruit decreased by 21–85% in comparison with the control condition.CONCLUSIONThe findings of this study indicate that UV irradiation can be considered as a promising technique to remove some PAHs in black mulberries, to increase their health‐promoting potential, and indirectly to improve their aesthetic quality due to the resulting desirable color parameters. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Secondary succession of soil, plants, and bacteria following the recovery of abandoned croplands in two semi‐arid steppes
Authors: Zhang Bin , Zhang Feng , Wang Xiaolei , Chen Daling , Tian Yongqi , Wang Yiyang , Zheng Jiahua , Li Shaoyu , Li Zhiguo , Han Guodong , Zhao Mengli 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn many parts of the world, former agricultural sites have been abandoned particularly when productivity is marginal or policies are implemented to develop ecosystem recovery. Understanding the recovery trajectory of soil, plants, and microbes is critical for developing restoration plans and the most effective policies. Here, we evaluated the changes in soil properties, plants, and the bacterial community along a chronosequence of agricultural abandonment (5, 15, and 20 years) in two different types of steppes (desert and typical steppes), respectively, in Inner Mongolia, China. Active farmland and natural grassland were selected as reference sites. In both study sites, soil water content and soil organic carbon content increased, while bulk density and nitrogen decreased across the chronosequence, all becoming comparable to that of natural grassland. Plant diversity, above‐ and below‐ground biomass increased, while perennial graminoids and forbs replaced annuals as the dominant functional groups with the elongation of abandonment. Bacterial diversity increased along the chronosequence in the drier desert steppe, but not in the wetter typical steppe. Over the chronosequence, Acidobacteria, a phyla tending to live in lower carbon conditions, were replaced by Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, which favor abundant carbon environments. Redundancy analysis shows that soil organic carbon, below‐ground plant biomass, and nitrate were the main factors that driving bacterial community composition. Our results demonstrated that spontaneous recovery without any human disturbance was an effective way for the restoration of arid and semi‐arid grassland ecosystems in Inner Mongolia, and emphasized the importance of soil and plant restoration for the recovery of bacterial community.
Gadolinium as a contrast agent for infusion sialograms in patients with iodine allergy
Authors: Sabotin Ryan P. , Thorpe Ryan , Maley Joan E. , Policeni Bruno , Hoffman Henry T. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the adequacy of gadolinium in sialography as an alternative contrast agent for patients with iodine allergies. To directly compare images taken with gadolinium versus iodine‐based contrast agents using the Iowa Sialography Classification System.MethodsRetrospective chart review was performed on patients undergoing sialography between February 2008 and July 2022. Patients with sialograms obtained with gadolinium were identified and matched to similar sialograms obtained with iodine‐based contrast agent. Patients were matched based on duct location, duct side, and initial radiology findings. Blinded reevaluation of sialograms was performed first independently and then by consensus by two head and neck radiologists to evaluate overall image adequacy and grade using the Iowa Sialography Classification System.ResultsFour patients with six sialograms (one bilateral parotid and one parotid + submandibular) obtained with gadolinium were identified and reevaluated. Five patients with six sialograms (one bilateral parotid) obtained with iodine‐based were matched to the gadolinium sialograms. The overall adequacy of images for gadolinium sialograms was graded at an average of 4.25 (4 = good and 5 = excellent); whereas, the overall adequacy of iodine‐based sialograms was graded at an average of 5. Inter‐observer variability was observed in three sialograms obtained with gadolinium (50%), while no interobserver variability was observed in sialograms obtained with iodine‐based contrast agent.ConclusionGadolinium is an adequate alternative to use in sialography for patients with iodine allergies undergoing contemporary digital infusion sialography. Adverse reactions to iodine contrast agents are rare in sialography; however, the precautionary use of gadolinium is acceptable for the diagnostic and therapeutic benefits in sialography.Level of Evidence: IV