bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphate‐Assisted Remediation of Pb(II) From Jarosite
Authors: Singh Suneeti , Singh Pushplata , Bohidar Himadri B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractJarosite is an essential solid industrial waste material which is generated during the hydrometallurgical processing of zinc in smelters. Besides zinc and iron, Jarosite also contains toxic heavy metals like Pb, Cd, Al, Cr, Cu etc. due to which it is environmentally hazardous. Due to the presence of heavy metals, the useful Zn, Fe components cannot be utilized safely. Therefore, it is necessary to remove Pb(II), a major toxic element, to make it useful. In this report, a green process for immobilization of Pb(II) using phosphate materials (physiochemical adsorption) is discussed. Jarosite was used as a precursor for synthesis of the Zn−Fe binary nano‐composite. Mitigation of Pb(II) by this process was assessed by the batch experiments, which showed significant reduction in leaching of Pb(II). The mechanism of Pb(II) immobilization involve the dissolution of phosphate materials (KH2PO4, NH4H2PO4 and CaH2PO4) to a lower pH≤3 followed by precipitation of Pb(II) in the form of pyromorphite complex. The results indicated that the concentration of Pb(II) was reduced by 90–95 % which was pH dependent with a high uptake (325 ppm) of lead ion in the pH range of 5.5–6.0. This physicochemical process brings new perspectives for reuse of a polluting solid industrial waste.
Effect of Cyano and Tetrazole Side Groups on the Photophysical and Chelating Properties of Anthracene‐Based Polymers
Authors: Hriz Khaled , Teka Safa , Zrida Habiba , Gharbi Samar , El Sofany Walaa Ibrahim , Jebnouni Achref , Majdoub Mustapha 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper covers the conception of new soluble and filmogene conjugated polymers (PAnSCN and PAnSCN‐Tet) for heavy metal sensing application. The prepared materials are based on the highly emissive anthracene chromophore and contain tetrazole and/or cyanide groups in their molecular chain backbones. The effect of the electron withdrawing groups on photophysical properties and the chelating abilities of the elaborated organic materials were investigated. The optical analysis shows that the CN groups reduced slightly the optical band‐gap of the polymer, however the steric hindrance of tetrazole units dominates their electronic effects leading to a blue‐shift of its absorption spectrum. Also, the electrochemical study reveals a considerable electronic affinity increase by 0.84 eV when passing from PAnSCN into PAnSCN‐Tet. DFT calculations has been employed to estimate the optimized macromolecular structure of both polymers and a notable change in geometry in terms of planarity was observed depending on the incorporated withdrawing group. The synthesized polymers were studied as optical sensors. The changes in the photoluminescence intensity were used to evaluate the binding affinity of the two materials to different metal ions. The obtained results showed considerable decrease in photoluminescence (quenching) responses with Mn2+ cations a short time after adding the cations to both polymer solutions with better sensitivity and selectivity in the case of the PAnSCN‐Tet.
Non‐precious Metal Cu‐Ni Alloy Nanoparticles Supported on Porous Boron Nitride Fibers as Catalysts for Dehydrogenation from Methanolysis of Ammonia‐Borane**
Authors: Li Pengxin , Liu Huanzhao , Wang Chunyu , Fang Yi , Guo Zhonglu , Lin Jing , Huang Yang , Yu Chao , Hu Long , Tang Chengchun , Liu Zhenya 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDehydrogenation from methanolysis of ammonia borane is a promising strategy for the development of sustainable hydrogen energy. Developing an effective and inexpensive catalyst is essential. In our study, a series of Cu−Ni nanoparticles, in the form of alloy, are supported onto porous boron nitride fibers by impregnation reduction. Cu and Ni synergistically interact through the alloys, Cu0.9Ni0.1/p‐BN demonstrates excellent catalytic effect with high turnover frequency (27.1 min−1) and low activation energy (27.8 kJ/mol) at 298 K. Kinetics indicates that the catalyst concentration follows the quasi‐primary reaction. Moreover, the pores of the p‐BN supporter prevent agglomeration of the metal particles while limiting their size, as well as providing protection to the particles. After passing 8 cycles, the catalyst does not suffer from severe poisoning effects. This work greatly enriches the non‐precious metal catalyst system and plays a very meaningful role in the study of dehydrogenation from methanolysis of AB.
Effect of Morphology on the Performance of Nb2O5 Catalysts for Thioether Oxidation at Room Temperature under Solvent‐free Conditions
Authors: Zhang Junjie , Liu Tujin , Chen Jiazhi , Jia Kangle , Mai Yuliang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNb2O5 catalysts with different morphologies were synthesized and used for thioether oxidation at room temperature under solvent‐free conditions with H2O2 as the oxidant. Selective formation of sulfoxides in good to excellent selectivities was realized using spherical Nb2O5 as the catalysts. Selective formation of sulfones with excellent selectivities was achieved with layered Nb2O5 as the catalysts. Nb2O5 catalysts with different morphologies possessed different surface areas and acid amounts. A non‐radical mechanism with Nb(OO) as the possible reactive oxygen species is proposed for thioether oxidation over spherical or layered Nb2O5 catalysts. Both the spherical and layered Nb2O5 catalysts demonstrated excellent reusability. There were no obvious changes for their catalytic performance after being recycled for ten runs. This study illustrates a means to modulate the catalytic activity for H2O2‐based catalytic reactions by changing the catalyst morphology.
Synthesis of New 2‐(Pyridin‐4‐yl)‐1H‐imidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine Derivatives: In vitro Antibacterial and In silico Screening
Authors: Dupati Praveen , Sapuri‐Butti Annapoorna R. , Musini Anjaneyulu , Narayan Singh Himanshu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA library of N‐substituted 2‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)‐1H‐imidazo[4,5‐b] pyridine‐7‐carboxamide and (2‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)‐1H‐imidazo[4,5‐b] pyridin‐7‐yl) methanamine analogues synthesized by a series of condensation, oxidation, acid amide coupling and reductive amination reactions. The structures of the compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and ESI‐MM MS analysis data. The compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity. Antibacterial activity has been conducted on two Gram positive and one Gram negative bacteria. The results have exhibited that the nature of substrate has a profound effect on the biological activity. The biological activity has been conducted against Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus and the results were compared with the control Amikacin. Molecular docking and ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity) studies have been conducted on the selected compounds to further rationalize the results.
Premna integrifolia Linn: Phytochemical Profile and Evaluation of Antiproliferative Effects
Authors: Rahman Atiqur , Siddiqui Shah Alam , Altun Muhammed , Demirtas Ibrahim 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPremna integrifolia (PI) is a popular ethnomedicinal plant in Indian subcontinent and used for treating different types of ailments. Here, organic leaf extracts of PI have been studied for exploring phytochemical compositions and anti‐proliferative properties of those extracts. The extracts have been investigated qualitatively and quantitatively by HPLC/TOF‐MS, and fourteen phenolic compounds were identified including eupatorin, 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid, diosmin, and apigenin as major compounds. The GC/MS study of hexane extract identified 9‐octadecenoic acid, palmitic acid, phytol and stearic acid as main volatile organic compounds. xCELLigence (Real Time Cell Analyzer) has been used to study effects of different extracts on human cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa) at various concentrations. The chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts exhibited strong antiproliferative activities as a dose dependent manner. Our study explored PI as a source of biochemically active compounds having therapeutic potential as antiproliferative agent against cancer cells.
The Preparation of UiO‐66‐NH2/CNT Electrocatalyst and its High Catalytic Performance for Electrochemical Synthetic Ammonia in Neutral Electrolyte
Authors: Chen Shuang , Yin Fengxiang , He Xiaobo , Tan Jiabin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe electrochemical synthesis of ammonia is a sustainable green ammonia synthesis technology. The core reaction involved in this process‐the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is a slow kinetic reaction, which requires efficient catalysts to improve the ammonia yield rate. A series of UiO‐66‐NH2/CNT‐X (X=0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 g) electrocatalysts with different carbon nanotube (CNT) content were synthesized by hydrothermal method. UiO‐66‐NH2/CNT‐0.15 with appropriate CNT content has the highest NH3 yield of 1.85×10−10 mol cm−2 s−1 (22.644 μg h−1 mgcat−1) at −0.3 V (vs. RHE), and the Faradaic efficiency (FE) is 37.78 %. The main reason is that the conductivity of CNT improves the charge transfer efficiency and ensures the effective electron conduction path of the catalyst. Besides, CNT in UiO‐66‐NH2/CNT‐X composite material inhibits the aggregation of UiO‐66‐NH2 particles, exposes more active sites and reduces the particle size of UiO‐66‐NH2. So, the synergistic effect between UiO‐66‐NH2 particles and CNT improves the ammonia yield.
Donor Influence on the Optoelectronic Properties of N‐Substituted Tetraphenylimidazole Derivatives
Authors: Matulaitis Tomas , dos Santos Paloma L. , Tsuchiya Youichi , Cordes David B. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Adachi Chihaya , Samuel Ifor D. W. , Zysman‐Colman Eli 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThree new 1,2,4,5‐tetraphenylimidazole derivatives, 9,9‐dimethyl‐10‐(4‐(2,4,5‐triphenyl‐1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)phenyl)‐9,10‐dihydroacridine (DMAC‐TPI), 10‐(4‐(2,4,5‐triphenyl‐1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)phenyl)‐10H‐phenoxazine (PXZ‐TPI), and 10‐(4‐(2,4,5‐triphenyl‐1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)phenyl)‐10H‐phenothiazine (PTZ‐TPI), bearing different electron donors at the N1 position of the imidazole were synthesised and characterised. DMAC‐TPI and PXZ‐TPI showed narrow emission at λPL of 388 and 418 nm in toluene, and in doped films in Zeonex polymer (1 wt.%) at λPL 381 and 407 nm, respectively, with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) ranging 0.42‐0.44 eV. DMAC‐TPI and PXZ‐TPI are predicted to show very low oscillator strength for the low‐energy transitions, which aligns to the observed low photoluminescence quantum yields. Both molecules showed a singlet‐triplet energy gap (ΔEST of around 1.2 eV) that is much too large to enable reverse intersystem crossing and thermally activated delayed fluorescence. Connecting a donor group to TPI at the N1 position can lead to room temperature phosphorescence (RTP), as the example of PTZ‐TPI showed.
Controllable Exfoliation of MOF‐Derived Van Der Waals Superstructure into Ultrathin 2D B/N Co‐Doped Porous Carbon Nanosheets: A Superior Catalyst for Ambient Ammonia Electrosynthesis
Authors: Yan Liting , Zhao Yanchao , Zhang Shuo , Guo Enyan , Han Cong , Jiang Huimin , Fu Qiuju , Yang Lingzhi , Niu Weijing , Xing Yanlong , Zheng Qiuju , Zhao Xuebo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) to synthesize NH3 under ambient conditions is a promising alternative route to the conventional Haber–Bosch process, but it is still a great challenge to develop electrocatalysts’ high Faraday efficiency and ammonia yield. Herein, a facile and efficient exfoliation strategy to synthesize ultrathin 2D boron and nitrogen co‐doped porous carbon nanosheets (B/NC NS) via a metal–organic framework (MOF)‐derived van der Waals superstructure, is reported. The results of experiments and theoretical calculations show that the doping of boron and nitrogen can modulate the electronic structure of the adjacent carbon atoms; which thus, promotes the competitive adsorption of nitrogen and reduces the energy required for ammonia synthesis. The B/NC NS exhibits excellent catalytic performance and stability in electrocatalytic NRR, with a yield rate of 153.4 µg·h−1·mg−1 cat and a Faraday efficiency of 33.1%, which is better than most of the reported NRR electrocatalysts. The ammonia yield of B/NC NS can maintain 92.7% of the initial NRR activity after 48 h stability test. The authors’ controllable exfoliation strategy using MOF‐derived van der Waals superstructure can provide a new insight for the synthesis of other 2D materials.
Refractive Index‐Adaptive Nanoporous Chiral Photonic Crystal Film for Chemical Detection Visualized via Selective Reflection
Authors: Rella Avinash Kumar , Subedi Subhangi , Trung Le Gia , Kumar Vineet , Kim Suhyun , Kang Shin‐Woong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPhotonic crystals (PC) are of great importance in technology, especially in optics and photonics. In general, the structural color of PCs responds to external stimuli primarily by changing their periodicity. Herein, the authors report on refractive index (RI) adaptive PCs. Cross‐linked cholesteric films with interconnected nanopores exhibit a very low RI without light scattering. Transparent PC films with maximum reflectance in the ultravoilet (UV) region respond to various chemicals by changing the reflective color of the PC. The authors demonstrate its unique colorimetric chemical detections of hazardous organic liquids. Loading various chemicals into nanopores significantly shifts the structural color into the visible range depending on the chemical's RI. These results are unique in that the structural color of photonic films is mediated by RI changes rather than periodicity changes. In principle, nanoporous photonic crystal films can detect the RI of a chemical substance by its unique color. In contrast to volumetric changes, this sensing mechanism offers several advantages, including durability, excellent sensitivity, fast response time, and wide detection range. These results provide useful insight into stimulus‐responsive PCs. The structural color of PC films can be effectively tuned by adjusting average RIs instead of changing periodicity.
Recent Progress of Single‐Atom Photocatalysts Applied in Energy Conversion and Environmental Protection
Authors: Li Chu‐fan , Pan Wei‐guo , Zhang Zhen‐rui , Wu Tong , Guo Rui‐tang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPhotocatalysis driven by solar energy is a feasible strategy to alleviate energy crises and environmental problems. In recent years, significant progress has been made in developing advanced photocatalysts for efficient solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion. Single‐atom catalysts have the advantages of highly dispersed active sites, maximum atomic utilization, unique coordination environment, and electronic structure, which have become a research hotspot in heterogeneous photocatalysis. This paper introduces the potential supports, preparation, and characterization methods of single‐atom photocatalysts in detail. Subsequently, the fascinating effects of single‐atom photocatalysts on three critical steps of photocatalysis (the absorption of incident light to produce electron‐hole pairs, carrier separation and migration, and interface reactions) are analyzed. At the same time, the applications of single‐atom photocatalysts in energy conversion and environmental protection (CO2 reduction, water splitting, N2 fixation, organic macromolecule reforming, air pollutant removal, and water pollutant degradation) are systematically summarized. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of single‐atom catalysts in heterogeneous photocatalysis are discussed. It is hoped that this work can provide insights into the design, synthesis, and application of single‐atom photocatalysts and promote the development of high‐performance photocatalytic systems.
Microfluidic Approaches for Microactuators: From Fabrication, Actuation, to Functionalization
Authors: Ma Zhuo‐Chen , Fan Jiahao , Wang Hesheng , Chen Weidong , Yang Guang‐Zhong , Han Bing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMicroactuators can autonomously convert external energy into specific mechanical motions. With the feature sizes varying from the micrometer to millimeter scale, microactuators offer many operation and control possibilities for miniaturized devices. In recent years, advanced microfluidic techniques have revolutionized the fabrication, actuation, and functionalization of microactuators. Microfluidics can not only facilitate fabrication with continuously changing materials but also deliver various signals to stimulate the microactuators as desired, and consequently improve microfluidic chips with multiple functions. Herein, this cross‐field that systematically correlates microactuator properties and microfluidic functions is comprehensively reviewed. The fabrication strategies are classified into two types according to the flow state of the microfluids: stop‐flow and continuous‐flow prototyping. The working mechanism of microactuators in microfluidic chips is discussed in detail. Finally, the applications of microactuator‐enriched functional chips, which include tunable imaging devices, micromanipulation tools, micromotors, and microsensors, are summarized. The existing challenges and future perspectives are also discussed. It is believed that with the rapid progress of this cutting‐edge field, intelligent microsystems may realize high‐throughput manipulation, characterization, and analysis of tiny objects and find broad applications in various fields, such as tissue engineering, micro/nanorobotics, and analytical devices.
Acoustomicrofluidic Defect Engineering and Ligand Exchange in ZIF‐8 Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Massahud Emily , Ahmed Heba , Babarao Ravichandar , Ehrnst Yemima , Alijani Hossein , Darmanin Connie , Murdoch Billy J. , Rezk Amgad R. , Yeo Leslie Y. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA way through which the properties of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) can be tuned is by engineering defects into the crystal structure. Given its intrinsic stability and rigidity, however, it is difficult to introduce defects into zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs)—and ZIF‐8, in particular—without compromising crystal integrity. In this work, it is shown that the acoustic radiation pressure as well as the hydrodynamic stresses arising from the oscillatory flow generated by coupling high frequency (MHz‐order) hybrid surface and bulk acoustic waves into a suspension of ZIF‐8 crystals in a liquid pressure transmitting medium is capable of driving permanent structural changes in their crystal lattice structure. Over time, the enhancement in the diffusive transport of guest molecules into the material's pores as a consequence is shown to lead to expansion of the pore framework, and subsequently, the creation of dangling‐linker and missing‐linker defects, therefore offering the possibility of tuning the type and extent of defects engineered into the MOF through the acoustic exposure time. Additionally, the practical utility of the technology is demonstrated for one‐pot, simultaneous solvent‐assisted ligand exchange under ambient conditions, for sub‐micron‐dimension ZIF‐8 crystals and relatively large ligands—more specifically 2‐aminobenzimidazole—without compromising the framework porosity or overall crystal structure.
Werkstoffeigenschaften historischer Stähle der Messehalle 12 in Leipzig bei erhöhten Temperaturen
Authors: Neck Manuel , Reichel Susanne , Thieme Markus 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIm Rahmen des vorliegenden Beitrags werden werkstoffliche Untersuchungen an historischen Stahlkonstruktionen beschrieben. Im Zuge des Umbaus der Messehalle 12 in Leipzig sollen Teile der ursprünglichen Tragkonstruktion denkmalgerecht ertüchtigt und in das neu entstehende Gebäude integriert werden. Um die Standsicherheit nachweisen zu können, wurden Materialuntersuchungen der Stähle und der Nietverbindungen sowohl unter Umgebungstemperatur als auch bei erhöhten Temperaturen durchgeführt. Aus den Versuchsergebnissen wurden in Analogie zu den Regelungen des Eurocode 3 Rechenwerte für die Nachweisführung abgeleitet.
Effect of increased carbon load on denitrification efficiency and nitrate isotope enrichment factors in subsurface wastewater infiltration system
Authors: Zhou Xulun , Li Haibo , Wang Ang , Gurmesa Geshere Abdisa , Wang Xueyan , Chen Xi , Zhang Chenxi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDenitrification plays a dominant role in nitrate removal in subsurface wastewater infiltration system (SWIS). However, the effect of increased carbon (C) load on denitrification efficiency in the SWIS remain unclear. In this study, we used analyses of stable isotopes of nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O) in nitrate to investigate the N and O isotope enrichment factors (15ε and 18ε) and quantified N losses via denitrification in SWIS. The results demonstrated that an increase in C loads positively affected the pollutant removal performance of SWIS. The natural abundance of 15N and 18O increased with decreasing nitrate concentration from 12.5 to 7.3 mg/L, accompanied by increased 15ε and 18ε from −8.7‰ to −10.6‰ and −5.9‰ to −8.2‰, respectively, as the C load increased from 18 to 36 g/(m2 d). The contribution of denitrification to nitrate removal was 62%, 71%, and 77% when C loads were 18, 27, and 36 g/(m2 d), respectively, indicating that increased C loads could improve the nitrate removal through denitrification in SWIS.Practitioner Points
Increasing C loads positively affected the nitrate removal performance of SWIS.
N and O isotope enrichment factors of nitrate increased with the enhancement of influent C load.
A C load of 36 g/(m2 d) is recommended in SWIS to improve the N removal performance and denitrification efficiency.
Inferences with Propositional Questions
Authors: Ciardelli Ivano 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the previous chapter we have seen how classical propositional logic can be extended with questions, leading to the inquisitive propositional logic . In this section we will describe a natural deduction system for and show this system to be sound and complete. We will also use this system to make some more general points about the role of questions in inference and about the intuitive significance of supposing or concluding a question. Lastly, we will show that proofs in our system have an interesting kind of constructive content: a proof can generally be seen as encoding a method for turning resolutions of the assumptions into a corresponding resolution of the conclusion.
Questions in Predicate Logic
Authors: Ciardelli Ivano 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, we move on from propositional logic to the richer setting of predicate logic. We describe how classical first-order logic can be enriched with questions, leading to a system $$\textsf {InqBQ}$$
InqBQ
of inquisitive first-order logic (the in the acronym stands for quantification).
A Circumpolar Perspective on the Contribution of Trees to the Boreal Forest Carbon Balance
Authors: Pappas Christoforos , Babst Flurin , Fatichi Simone , Klesse Stefan , Paschalis Athanasios , Peters Richard L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPartitioned estimates of the boreal forest carbon (C) sink components are crucial for understanding processes and developing science-driven adaptation and mitigation strategies under climate change. Here, we provide a concise tree-centered overview of the boreal forest C balance and offer a circumpolar perspective on the contribution of trees to boreal forest C dynamics. We combine an ant’s-eye view, based on quantitative in situ observations of C balance, with a bird’s-eye perspective on C dynamics across the circumboreal region using large-scale data sets. We conclude with an outlook addressing the trajectories of the circumboreal C dynamics in response to projected environmental changes.