bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Land–atmosphere feedbacks contribute to crop failure in global rainfed breadbaskets
Authors: Li Hao , Keune Jessica , Smessaert Femke , Nieto Raquel , Gimeno Luis , Miralles Diego G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGlobal crop yields are highly dependent on climate variability, with the largest agricultural failures frequently occurring during extremely dry and hot years. Land–atmosphere feedbacks are thought to play a crucial role in agricultural productivity during such events: precipitation deficits cause soil desiccation, which reduces evaporation and enhances sensible heating from the land surface; the amplified local temperatures and moisture deficits can be detrimental to crop yield. While this impact of local land–atmosphere feedbacks on agricultural productivity has recently been reported, the dependency of crop yields on upwind regions remains understudied. Here, we determine the spatio-temporal origins of moisture and heat over the world’s largest 75 rainfed breadbaskets, and illustrate the crop yield dependency on upwind regions. Further, we disentangle the role of local and upwind land–atmosphere interactions on anomalous moisture and heat transport during low-yield years. Our results indicate that crop failure increases on average by around 40% when both upwind and local land–atmosphere feedbacks cause anomalously low moisture and high heat transport into the breadbaskets. The impact of upwind land–atmosphere feedbacks on productivity deficits is the largest in water-limited regions, which show an increased dependency on moisture supply from upwind land areas. Better understanding these upwind–downwind dependencies in agricultural regions can help develop adaptation strategies to prevent food shortage in a changing climate.
Prosodic signatures of ASD severity and developmental delay in preschoolers
Authors: Godel Michel , Robain François , Journal Fiona , Kojovic Nada , Latrèche Kenza , Dehaene-Lambertz Ghislaine , Schaer Marie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAtypical prosody in speech production is a core feature of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) that can impact everyday life communication. Because the ability to modulate prosody develops around the age of speech acquisition, it might be affected by ASD symptoms and developmental delays that emerge at the same period. Here, we investigated the existence of a prosodic signature of developmental level and ASD symptom severity in a sample of 74 autistic preschoolers. We first developed an original diarization pipeline to extract preschoolers’ vocalizations from recordings of naturalistic social interactions. Using this novel approach, we then found a robust voice quality signature of ASD developmental difficulties in preschoolers. Furthermore, some prosodic measures were associated with one year later outcome in participants who had not acquired speech yet. Altogether, our results highlight the potential benefits of automatized diarization algorithms and prosodic metrics for digital phenotyping in psychiatry, helping clinicians establish early diagnosis and prognosis.
ImmuneBuilder: Deep-Learning models for predicting the structures of immune proteins
Authors: Abanades Brennan , Wong Wing Ki , Boyles Fergus , Georges Guy , Bujotzek Alexander , Deane Charlotte M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractImmune receptor proteins play a key role in the immune system and have shown great promise as biotherapeutics. The structure of these proteins is critical for understanding their antigen binding properties. Here, we present ImmuneBuilder, a set of deep learning models trained to accurately predict the structure of antibodies (ABodyBuilder2), nanobodies (NanoBodyBuilder2) and T-Cell receptors (TCRBuilder2). We show that ImmuneBuilder generates structures with state of the art accuracy while being far faster than AlphaFold2. For example, on a benchmark of 34 recently solved antibodies, ABodyBuilder2 predicts CDR-H3 loops with an RMSD of 2.81Å, a 0.09Å improvement over AlphaFold-Multimer, while being over a hundred times faster. Similar results are also achieved for nanobodies, (NanoBodyBuilder2 predicts CDR-H3 loops with an average RMSD of 2.89Å, a 0.55Å improvement over AlphaFold2) and TCRs. By predicting an ensemble of structures, ImmuneBuilder also gives an error estimate for every residue in its final prediction. ImmuneBuilder is made freely available, both to download (https://github.com/oxpig/ImmuneBuilder) and to use via our webserver (http://opig.stats.ox.ac.uk/webapps/newsabdab/sabpred). We also make available structural models for ~150 thousand non-redundant paired antibody sequences (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7258553).
Ca2+ efflux facilitated by co-transport of inorganic phosphate anion in the H+/Ca2+ antiporter YfkE
Authors: Niu Wei , Zhou Wenchang , Lu Shuo , Vu Trung , Jayaraman Vasanthi , Faraldo-Gómez José D. , Zheng Lei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCa2+ is an important signaling messenger. In microorganisms, fungi, and plants, H+/Ca2+ antiporters (CAX) are known to play key roles in the homeostasis of intracellular Ca2+ by catalyzing its efflux across the cell membrane. Here, we reveal that the bacterial CAX homolog YfkE transports Ca2+ in two distinct modes: a low-flux H+/Ca2+ exchange mode and a high-flux mode in which Ca2+ and phosphate ions are co-transported (1:1) in exchange for H+. Coupling with phosphate greatly accelerates the Ca2+ efflux activity of YfkE. Our studies reveal that Ca2+ and phosphate bind to adjacent sites in a central translocation pathway and lead to mechanistic insights that explain how this CAX alters its conserved alpha-repeat motifs to adopt phosphate as a specific “transport chaperon” for Ca2+ translocation. This finding uncovers a co-transport mechanism within the CAX family that indicates this class of proteins contributes to the cellular homeostasis of both Ca2+ and phosphate.
KLF11 regulates lung adenocarcinoma ferroptosis and chemosensitivity by suppressing GPX4
Authors: Zhao Guangyin , Liang Jiaqi , Shan Guangyao , Gu Jie , Xu Fengkai , Lu Chunlai , Ma Teng , Bi Guoshu , Zhan Cheng , Ge Di 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFerroptosis, an iron-dependent non-apoptotic cell death, has been shown to play a vital role in tumor proliferation and chemotherapy resistance. Here, we report that KLF11 inhibits lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cell proliferation and promotes chemotherapy sensitivity by participating in the GPX4-related ferroptosis pathway. Through an RNA-sequence screen from LUAD cells pretreatment with ferroptosis inducers (FINs), we discovered that KLF11 expression was significantly higher in FINs-treated cells, suggesting that KLF11 may be involved in ferroptosis. Overexpression of KLF11 promoted LUAD cells to undergo ferroptosis alterations. Meanwhile, upregulation of KLF11 expression also inhibited cell proliferation and increased chemosensitivity, whereas knockout of KLF11 did the opposite. With ChIP-Seq and RNA-Seq, we identified GPX4 as a downstream target of KLF11. Through ChIP-qPCR and dual luciferase assay, we clarified that KLF11 binds to the promoter region of GPX4 and represses its transcription. Restored GPX4 expression antagonized the ability of KLF11 to promote ferroptosis, increase chemotherapy sensitivity and inhibit cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Clinically, KLF11 declined in LUAD and its low expression was associated with reduced patient survival. Our findings established the function of KLF11 to promote ferroptosis in LUAD, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation and enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapy.
Tumor-intrinsic sensitivity to the pro-apoptotic effects of IFN-γ is a major determinant of CD4+ CAR T-cell antitumor activity
Authors: Boulch Morgane , Cazaux Marine , Cuffel Alexis , Guerin Marion V. , Garcia Zacarias , Alonso Ruby , Lemaître Fabrice , Beer Alexander , Corre Béatrice , Menger Laurie , Grandjean Capucine L. , Morin Florence , Thieblemont Catherine , Caillat-Zucman Sophie , Bousso Philippe 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCD4+ T cells and CD4+ chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells display highly variable antitumor activity in preclinical models and in patients; however, the mechanisms dictating how and when CD4+ T cells promote tumor regression are incompletely understood. With the help of functional intravital imaging, we report that interferon (IFN)-γ production but not perforin-mediated cytotoxicity was the dominant mechanism for tumor elimination by anti-CD19 CD4+ CAR T cells. Mechanistically, mouse or human CD4+ CAR T-cell-derived IFN-γ diffused extensively to act on tumor cells at distance selectively killing tumors sensitive to cytokine-induced apoptosis, including antigen-negative variants. In anti-CD19 CAR T-cell-treated patients exhibiting elevated CAR CD4:CD8 ratios, strong induction of serum IFN-γ was associated with increased survival. We propose that the sensitivity of tumor cells to the pro-apoptotic activity of IFN-γ is a major determinant of CD4+ CAR T-cell efficacy and may be considered to guide the use of CD4+ T cells during immunotherapy.
Conformational dynamicity in a copper(ii) coordination complex
Authors: Griffin Paul J. , Dake Matthew J. , Remolina Alesandro D. , Olshansky Lisa 
Published: May 2023

We report the synthesis and characterization of [CuCl(dpaSMe)]+/0, where structural dynamics upon oxidation to CuII were assessed via X-ray diffraction, cyclic voltammetry, and EPR spectroscopy.
Verification of serialising instructions for security against transient execution attacks
Authors: Ponugoti Kushal K. , Srinivasan Sudarshan K. , Mathure Nimish 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTransient execution attacks such as Spectre and Meltdown exploit speculative execution in modern microprocessors to leak information via cache side‐channels. Software solutions to defend against many transient execution attacks employ the lfence serialising instruction, which does not allow instructions that come after the lfence to execute out‐of‐order with respect to instructions that come before the lfence. However, errors and Trojans in the hardware implementation of lfence can be exploited to compromise the software mitigations that use lfence. The aforementioned security gap has not been identified and addressed previously. The authors provide a formal method solution that addresses the verification of lfence hardware implementation. The authors also show how hardware Trojans can be designed to circumvent lfence and demonstrate that their verification approach will flag such Trojans as well. The authors have demonstrated the efficacy of our approach using RSD, which is an open source RISC‐V based superscalar out‐of‐order processor.
A new design approach for reduction of force ripple in permanent magnet flux‐switching linear motor
Authors: Zhang Zongsheng , Wang Hao , Chen Hong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo reduce the force ripple of the permanent magnet flux‐switching linear motor (PMFSLM), a new design approach is suggested by the authors. The detent force is redefined as the composite force of the thrust of the single action of permanent magnet and armature current. In the design approach, both the improved E‐shaped PMFSLM primary module and secondary contain two units. The magnetisation direction of the permanent magnet in the two primary module units is opposite, but the two units share the same armature coil. The two units design eliminates the even number harmonics of the phase back‐EMF and decreases the period of detent force. Through the design of the skewed secondary, the detent force is eliminated completely, and simultaneously, the odd‐order harmonics are significantly weakened. The results of finite element analysis (FEA) show that the force ripple of the PMFSLM decreases significantly. Prototype experimental results are in good agreement with FEA results. The study results verify the effectiveness and practicability of the new design approach of PMFSLM for reducing the force ripple.
Recent advances in multipactor physics and mitigation
Authors: Iqbal Asif , Wen De‐Qi , Verboncoeur John , Zhang Peng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRecent progress made in the prediction, characterisation, and mitigation of multipactor discharge is reviewed for single‐ and two‐surface geometries. First, an overview of basic concepts including secondary electron emission, electron kinetics under the force law, multipactor susceptibility, and saturation mechanisms is provided, followed by a discussion on multipactor mitigation strategies. These strategies are categorised into two broad areas – mitigation by engineered devices and engineered radio frequency (rf) fields. Each approach is useful in different applications. Recent advances in multipactor physics and engineering during the past decade, such as novel multipactor prediction methods, understanding space charge effects, schemes for controlling multipacting particle trajectories, frequency domain analysis, high frequency effects, and impact on rf signal quality are presented. In addition to vacuum electron multipaction, multipactor‐induced ionization breakdown is also reviewed, and the recent advances are summarised.
Multilane freeway merging control via trajectory optimization in a mixed traffic environment
Authors: Han Lei , Zhang Lun , Guo Weian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMerging activities at freeway merging areas can cause significant recurrent and non‐recurrent bottleneck congestion due to vehicles’ mandatory lateral conflicts. The Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs), with their capabilities of real‐time communication and precise trajectory control, hold great potential to prevent or mitigate such critical conflicts at merging areas. However, the performance of CAVs may be impaired by the imbalance of lane flow distribution, and non‐cooperative movements of Human‐driven Vehicles (HDVs) in the mixed traffic environment (i.e. traffic mixed with CAVs and HDVs). In this paper, a novel two‐level hierarchical traffic control framework for multilane merging areas under the mixed traffic environment is developed. Note that this paper assumes that the merging sequence is determined by the high control level and focuses on the low level of the control framework. The low control level not only establishes a trajectory optimization strategy for CAVs with lane‐changing optimization and cooperative merging control, but includes a human‐like merging strategy for HDVs. First, to balance downstream lane flow distribution and provide sufficient merging space for on‐ramp vehicles, a lane‐changing optimization method is proposed to choose a certain number of designated mainline CAVs to perform early lane changes at the upstream mainline. Second, a cooperative merging control method is presented to optimize the longitudinal trajectories of both mainline and on‐ramp CAVs while accounting for the movement of HDVs. Third, Gipps car‐following model and heuristic control are combined to represent the HDVs’ merging maneuvers. The proposed algorithm simulates and performs merging maneuvers at a typical two‐lane freeway merging area and verifies it in various scenarios considering demand level, demand splits and CAV Penetration Rate (PR). The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively facilitate merging operations, reduce the Total Travel Time (TTT), and increase the Average Travel Speeds (ATS) compared to other merging algorithms. Specifically, compared to the case of using only cooperative merging control method, the proposed algorithm can further reduce TTT by 25.5% and increase ATS by 33.38%. When PR gradually increased, the control performance of the proposed algorithm can be further improved.
A novel e‐bike energy management for improvement of the rider metabolism
Authors: Ebnealipour Sohrab , Masih‐Tehrani Masoud , Nazemian Hossein 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this study, a switch controller manages the power‐sharing between the battery and human mode to improve the rider's metabolism and manage the battery SOC. The main idea is to optimize this power source switching element for changing the status to reach a trade‐off between lack of tiredness and keeping the SOC high. Calorie burning is closely related to the rider's physical characteristics. In this paper, these parameters are investigated to calculate calorie burning. When the electric‐powered mode is activated, the SOC level comes down. When the human‐powered mode is activated, the human power source provides energy. The model converts the bicycle speed into the rider's heart rate and then changes it into burned calories based on some equations. These equations are obtained by poly fitting after experiments. This optimization causes 33.5% and 50% burning calorie reduction in Cleaveland and Portuguese driving cycles. Also, in the Portuguese driving cycle, the battery usage percentage decreases 39.56% from to 20.54% after optimization; therefore, the burning calorie decreases 265.84 Kcal to 176.83 Kcal.
Preparation for an unsupervised massive analysis of SPHERE high-contrast data with PACO
Authors: Chomez A. , Lagrange A.-M. , Delorme P. , Langlois M. , Chauvin G. , Flasseur O. , Dallant J. , Philipot F. , Bergeon S. , Albert D. , Meunier N. , Rubini P. 
Published: May 2023

Context. Despite tremendous progress in the detection and characterization of extrasolar planetary systems in the last 25 yr, we have not pinpointed any Solar System analogues. In particular, Jupiter-like planets (either mature or old) are barely detectable beyond 5 au with indirect techniques and they are still out of the reach of direct imaging techniques.
Aims. Our study is aimed at a search for exoplanets throughout the whole ESO/VLT-SPHERE archive with an improved and unsupervised data analysis algorithm that could allow us to detect massive giant planets at 5 au. To prepare, test, and optimize our approach, we gathered a sample of 24 solar-type stars observed with SPHERE using angular and spectral differential imaging modes.
Methods. We used PACO, a recently developed new-generation algorithm that has been shown to outperform classical methods. We also improved the SPHERE pre-reduction pipeline and optimized the outputs of PACO to enhance the detection performance. We developed custom-built spectral prior libraries to optimize the detection capability of the ASDI mode for both IRDIS and IFS.
Results. Compared to previous works conducted with more classical algorithms, the contrast limits we derived with PACO are more reliable and significantly improved, especially at short angular separations, where a gain by a factor ten has been obtained between 0.2 and 0.5 arcsec. Under good observing conditions, planets down to 5 MJup, orbiting at 5 au could be detected around stars within 60 parsec. We identified two exoplanet candidates that will require a follow-up to test for a common proper motion.
Conclusions. In this work, we use a small sample to demonstrate the benefits of PACO in terms of achievable contrast and of control of the confidence levels. In addition, we have developed custom tools to take full advantage of this algorithm and to quantity the total error budget on the estimated astrometry and photometry. This work paves the way towards an end-to-end, homogeneous, and unsupervised massive re-reduction of archival direct imaging surveys in the quest for new exo-Jupiters.
How often do we need offset stems for revision total knee arthroplasty? About a consecutive series of 789 knees
Authors: Vasiliadis Angelo V. , Lording Timothy , Canetti Robin , Servien Elvire , Lustig Sébastien , Batailler Cécile 
Published: May 2023

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the incidence of offset stem usage in revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA), and to assess the necessity for their use with the femoral and tibial components. Methods: This retrospective radiological study included 862 patients who underwent rTKA between 2010 and 2022. Patients were divided into a non-stem group (group NS), offset stem group (group OS), and straight stem group (group SS). Two senior orthopedic surgeons evaluated all the post-operative radiographs of the group OS to assess the necessity of offset use. Results: In total, 789 patients met all eligibility inclusion criteria and were reviewed (305 males (38.7%)) with a mean age of 72.7 ± 10.2 years old [39; 96]. Eighty-eight (11.1%) patients had undergone rTKA with offset stems (34 tibia, 31 femur, 24 both) and 609 (70.2%) with straight stems. The tibial and femoral stems were diaphyseal of over 75 mm in 83 revisions (94.3%) for group OS and 444 revisions (72.9%) for group SS (p < 0.001). Offset in the tibial component was located medially in 50% of rTKA, while the offset in the femoral component was placed anteriorly in 47.3% of the rTKA. Assessment by the two independent senior surgeons found stems were only necessary in 3.4% of cases. Offset stems were only required for the tibial implant. Discussion: Offset stems were used in 11.1% of revision total knee replacements, however, they were deemed necessary in 3.4% and for the tibial component only.
Mechanical Dilation of the Recipient Vessel with the DeBakey Vascular Dilator in Lower Extremity Reconstruction: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Seo Min-Gi , Kim Tae-Gon 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn lower extremity reconstruction, the recipient vessel often requires long-range mechanical dilation because of extensive vasospasm or plaque formation induced by concomitant atherosclerosis. While a forceps dilator can be used to manipulate and dilate vessels approximately 1 cm from their end, a DeBakey vascular dilator can dilate long-range vessels. The authors successfully performed free flap reconstruction of the lower extremity using the DeBakey vascular dilator. Of the two patients who underwent lower extremity reconstruction, one had extensive vasospasm, and the other had plaques in the recipient arteries. Irrigation with 4% lidocaine and dilation of the lumen with a forceps dilator were insufficient to restore the normal arterial blood flow. Instead, a DeBakey vascular dilator with a 1-mm diameter tip was gently inserted into the lumen. Then, to overcome vessel resistance, the dilator gently advanced approximately 10 cm to dilate the recipient artery. Normal arterial blood flow was gushed out after dilating the vessel lumen using a DeBakey vascular dilator. The vascular anastomosis was performed, and intravenous heparin 5000 IU was administered immediately after anastomosis. Prophylactic low-molecular-weight-heparin (Clexane, 1 mg/kg) was administered subcutaneously to both patients for 14 days. The reconstructed flap survived without necrosis in either patient.