bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isoclinism of skew braces
Authors: Letourmy T. , Vendramin L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe define isoclinism of skew braces and present several applications. We study some properties of skew braces that are invariant under isoclinism. For example, we prove that right nilpotency is an isoclinism invariant. This result has application in the theory of set‐theoretic solutions to the Yang–Baxter equation. We define isoclinic solutions and study multipermutation solutions under isoclinism.
Influence of Wire Feed Speed and Torch Speed on the Mechanical Properties of Wire Arc Additively Manufactured Stainless Steel
Authors: Terrenoir Laurent , Lartigau Julie , Arjunan Arun , Laguna Salvado Laura , Merlo Christophe 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) enables 3D printing of large high-value metal components. However, integrating WAAM into production lines requires a critical understanding of the influence of process parameters on the resulting material characteristics. As such, this research investigates the relationship between WAAM wire feed speed (WFS) and torch speed (TS) on the resulting mechanical characteristics of 316LSi thick parts (2.5 cm (0.98 in.)). The experimental procedure is informed by a training matrix that allows parametric analysis of WFS and TS on the ultimate tensile strength (σult), yield strength (σy), elastic modulus (E), failure strain (εf), hardness (HV0.5), and dimensional accuracy (Da) of the printed samples. The research found that WAAM-processed 316LSi parts feature isotropic material properties despite variations in WFS and TS. The surrogate model developed in this study offers five significant polynomial models capable of accurately predicting the influence of WAAM process parameters on σult, σy, εf, E, and Da. The research found TS to be the most significant WAAM process parameter in comparison to WFS for σult and εf. On the contrary, σy, E, and Da were found to be primarily driven by WFS as opposed to TS. Overall, the paper for the first time presents an accurate surrogate model to predict the mechanical characteristics of WAAM 316LSi thick parts informed by wire feed speed and torch speed. The study demonstrates that the mechanical properties of WAAM-processed steel are primarily influenced by the underlying process parameters offering significant potential for tunable performance.
Hybrid Laser-Arc Welding-Induced Distortion Analysis of Large-Scale Thin-Walled Cruise Ship Structures
Authors: Li Liangfeng , Zhang Yansong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In recent years, there has been increasing use of thin-walled structures with a plate thickness of 6–10 mm in the construction of cruise ships. As one of the important processes of cruise ship construction, hybrid laser-arc welding, combining the advantages of laser welding and arc welding, is increasingly applied in thin-walled cruise ships with the objective of reducing panel deformation. However, due to the weak stiffness of the thin-walled structure with a continuous weld length of 4–16 m, complex welding deformation, e.g., buckling deformation, will be prone to occur. This paper analyzed the deformation behavior of large-scale thin-walled cruise ship structures with the change of weld length, structural width, and plate thickness in the hybrid laser-arc welding process. The buckling mode induced by the welding deformation is predicted based on the combination method of thermal elastic–plastic and inherent strain, as well as experimental verification. By analyzing the deformation behavior with the weld length of 5–15 m, when the continuous weld length exceeds 7.5 m during butt welding of large thin-walled cruise ship structures, the welding deformation mode will change from bending deformation to buckling deformation, while the maximum deformation will be reduced by about 50%. Compared with the buckling mode of the traditional thick-walled structures, with the decrease of plate thickness, the buckling mode of large ship structures will change from wave buckling deformation of the whole structure to wave buckling at the edge of structures.
Effect of Bending Rigidity and Nonlinear Strains on Free Vibration of Hemi-Ellipsoidal Shells
Authors: Chanto K. , Pulngern T. , Tangbanjongkij C. , Jiammeepreecha W. , Chucheepsakul S. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper focuses on free vibration of hemi-ellipsoidal shells with the consideration of the bending rigidity and nonlinear terms in strain energy. The appropriate form of the energy functional is formulated based on the principle of virtual work and the fundamental form of surfaces. Natural frequencies and their corresponding mode shapes are determined using the modified direct iteration method. The obtained results, which show a close agreement with previous research, are compared with those obtained based on the membrane theory. The effect of the support condition, thickness, size ratio, and volume constraint condition on frequency parameters and mode shapes is demonstrated. With the bending rigidity, shell thickness has a significant impact on the frequency, especially in higher vibration modes and in shells with a considerable thickness but the frequency parameter converges to that determined by using the membrane theory while the reference radius-to-thickness ratio is increasing. In addition, accounting for the bending rigidity solves the issue of determining natural frequencies and mode shapes of the shells using the membrane theory without the volume constraint condition. The obtained results also indicate that the free vibration analysis with bending is essential for the hemi-ellipsoidal shell with a base radius-to-thickness ratio of less than 100, which gives over 2.84% difference compared with that of the shell derived by membrane theory, and this allows engineers to perform the analysis in more applications.
The M2 proteins of bat influenza A viruses reveal atypical features compared to conventional M2 proteins
Authors: Thompson Danielle , Cismaru Christiana Victoria , Rougier Jean-Sebastien , Schwemmle Martin , Zimmer Gert 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
The influenza A virus (IAV) M2 protein has proton channel activity, which plays a role in virus uncoating and may help to preserve the metastable conformation of the IAV hemagglutinin (HA). In contrast to the highly conserved M2 proteins of conventional IAV, the primary sequences of bat IAV H17N10 and H18N11 M2 proteins show remarkable divergence, suggesting that these proteins may differ in their biological function. We, therefore, assessed the proton channel activity of bat IAV M2 proteins and investigated its role in virus replication. Here, we show that the M2 proteins of bat IAV did not fully protect acid-sensitive HA of classical IAV from low pH-induced conformational change, indicating low proton channel activity. Interestingly, the N31S substitution not only rendered bat IAV M2 proteins sensitive to inhibition by amantadine but also preserved the metastable conformation of acid-sensitive HA to a greater extent. In contrast, the acid-stable HA of H18N11 did not rely on such support by M2 protein. When mutant M2(N31S) protein was expressed in the context of chimeric H18N11/H5N1(6:2) encoding HA and NA of avian IAV H5N1, amantadine significantly inhibited virus entry, suggesting that ion channel activity supported virus uncoating. Finally, the cytoplasmic domain of the H18N11 M2 protein mediated rapid internalization of the protein from the plasma membrane leading to low-level expression at the cell surface. However, cell surface levels of H18N11 M2 protein were significantly enhanced in cells infected with the chimeric H18N11/H5N1(6:2) virus. The potential role of the N1 sialidase in arresting M2 internalization is discussed.

IMPORTANCE
Bat IAV M2 proteins not only differ from the homologous proteins of classical IAV by their divergent primary sequence but are also unable to preserve the metastable conformation of acid-sensitive HA, indicating low proton channel activity. This unusual feature may help to avoid M2-mediated cytotoxic effects and inflammation in bats infected with H17N10 or H18N11. Unlike classical M2 proteins, bat IAV M2 proteins with the N31S substitution mediated increased protection of HA from acid-induced conformational change. This remarkable gain of function may help to understand how single point mutations can modulate proton channel activity. In addition, the cytoplasmic domain was found to be responsible for the low cell surface expression level of bat IAV M2 proteins. Given that the M2 cytoplasmic domain of conventional IAV is well known to participate in virus assembly at the plasma membrane, this atypical feature might have consequences for bat IAV budding and egress.
Perceived influence of commercial milk formula labelling on mothers’ feeding choices in Great Britain: a qualitative study
Authors: Conway Rana , Ritchie Isabel , Esser Sara , Steptoe Andrew , Smith Andrea D , Llewellyn Clare 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveTo understand how mothers use commercial milk formula (CMF) labels to inform their feeding choices and explore mothers’ understanding of differences between CMF products.DesignQualitative study with recruitment via social media. Online semistructured interviews, including a product mapping exercise and thematic analysis.ParticipantsMothers (n=25) using CMF for children <3 years living in Great Britain (GB).ResultsMothers were drawn to brands they recognised from years of exposure to CMF advertising. CMF products were assumed to vary according to brand and stage, but participants found on-pack information did not explain how. This added to anxiety about choosing ‘the best one’ and mothers would have liked guidance from healthcare professionals (HCPs). Wide availability of CMF for older infants and children, and on-pack messaging suggesting progression from one product to the next, led many to believe these products were necessary. There was confusion over the appropriate use of specialist products. While mothers rarely mentioned on-pack health and nutrition claims, they were attracted to the overall appearance of packs and messaging relating to science, research and nature. References to breast milk and a logo perceived to represent a breastfeeding mother were taken as indicators of closer similarity to breast milk.ConclusionsCMF legislation in GB should be updated to restrict brand advertising and the use of on-pack text and images that mothers perceive as indicating products have a closer similarity to breast milk. Greater input from HCPs was desired by new mothers and would support them to make more informed choices about CMF.
Enolase represents a metabolic checkpoint controlling the differential exhaustion programmes of hepatitis virus-specific CD8+T cells
Authors: Winkler Frances , Hipp Anna V , Ramirez Carlos , Martin Bianca , Villa Matteo , Neuwirt Emilia , Gorka Oliver , Aerssens Jeroen , Johansson Susanne E , Rana Nisha , Llewellyn-Lacey Sian , Price David A , Panning Marcus , Groß Olaf , Pearce Erika L , Hermann Carl M , Schumann Kathrin , Hannibal Luciana , Neumann-Haefelin Christoph , Boettler Tobias , Knolle Percy , Hofmann Maike , Wohlleber Dirk , Thimme Robert , Bengsch Bertram 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveExhausted T cells with limited effector function are enriched in chronic hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV) infection. Metabolic regulation contributes to exhaustion, but it remains unclear how metabolism relates to different exhaustion states, is impacted by antiviral therapy, and if metabolic checkpoints regulate dysfunction.DesignMetabolic state, exhaustion and transcriptome of virus-specific CD8+T cells from chronic HBV-infected (n=31) and HCV-infected patients (n=52)were determinedex vivoand during direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy. Metabolic flux and metabolic checkpoints were testedin vitro. Intrahepatic virus-specific CD8+T cells were analysed by scRNA-Seq in a HBV-replicating murinein vivomodel of acute and chronic infection.ResultsHBV-specific (core18-27, polymerase455-463) and HCV-specific (NS31073-1081, NS31406-1415, NS5B2594-2602) CD8+T cell responses exhibit heterogeneous metabolic profiles connected to their exhaustion states. The metabolic state was connected to the exhaustion profile rather than the aetiology of infection. Mitochondrial impairment despite intact glucose uptake was prominent in severely exhausted T cells linked to elevated liver inflammation in chronic HCV infection and in HBV polymerase455-463-specific CD8+T cell responses. In contrast, relative metabolic fitness was observed in HBeAg-negative HBV infection in HBV core18-27-specific responses. DAA therapy partially improved mitochondrial programmes in severely exhausted HCV-specific T cells and enriched metabolically fit precursors. We identified enolase as a metabolic checkpoint in exhausted T cells. Metabolic bypassing improved glycolysis and T cell effector function. Similarly, enolase deficiency was observed in intrahepatic HBV-specific CD8+T cells in a murine model of chronic infection.ConclusionMetabolism of HBV-specific and HCV-specific T cells is strongly connected to their exhaustion severity. Our results highlight enolase as metabolic regulator of severely exhausted T cells. They connect differential bioenergetic fitness with distinct exhaustion subtypes and varying liver disease, with implications for therapeutic strategies.
Cumulative exposure to extreme heat and trajectories of cognitive decline among older adults in the USA
Authors: Choi Eun Young , Lee Haena , Chang Virginia W 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundThe projected increase in extreme heat days is a growing public health concern. While exposure to extreme heat has been shown to negatively affect mortality and physical health, very little is known about its long-term consequences for late-life cognitive function. We examined whether extreme heat exposure is associated with cognitive decline among older adults and whether this association differs by race/ethnicity and neighbourhood socioeconomic status.MethodsData were drawn from seven waves of the Health and Retirement Study (2006–2018) merged with historical temperature data. We used growth curve models to assess the role of extreme heat exposure on trajectories of cognitive function among US adults aged 52 years and older.ResultsWe found that high exposure to extreme heat was associated with faster cognitive decline for blacks and residents of poor neighbourhoods, but not for whites, Hispanics or residents of wealthier neighbourhoods.ConclusionExtreme heat exposure can disproportionately undermine cognitive health in later life for socially vulnerable populations. Our findings underscore the need for policy actions to identify and support high-risk communities for increasingly warming temperatures.
Pre-eclampsia in a first pregnancy and subsequent pregnancy outcomes: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Havers-Borgersen Eva , Fosbøl Emil , Johansen Marianne , Køber Lars , Morris Jonathan M , Seeho Sean K M 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundFor women whose first pregnancy was complicated by pre-eclampsia (PE), particularly if severe and requiring early birth, the risk of recurrence and maternal and neonatal outcomes at subsequent birth are important considerations.MethodsIn this observational cohort study, all primiparous women who gave birth in Denmark between 1997 and 2016 were identified using nationwide registries. Women were stratified by whether they developed PE and followed from date of birth until subsequent birth, emigration, death or end of study (December 2016). The cumulative incidences of subsequent birth among women with versus without PE were assessed using the Aalen-Johansen estimator. Subsequent outcomes including PE recurrence and maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality were also examined. Factors associated with subsequent birth and recurrent PE were examined using multivariable Cox regression models.ResultsAmong 510 615 primiparous women with singleton pregnancies, 21 683 (4.2%) developed PE, with 1819 (0.4%) being early-onset PE (birth <34 weeks). Women with PE had a lower subsequent birth rate (57.4%) compared with women without PE (61.2%), and it was considerably lower among women with early-onset PE (49.4%). Among women with PE who had a subsequent birth, the overall recurrence rate of PE was 15.8% and higher among those with early-onset PE (31.5%). The gestational age increased with a median of 3 days (IQR −5 to 14) overall and 50 days (IQR 35–67) among those with early-onset PE. Moreover, neonatal and maternal morbidity and mortality were substantially improved in a subsequent pregnancy.ConclusionsPrimiparous women with PE have a significantly lower rate of a subsequent birth than women without PE, yet the absolute difference was modest. Although the overall risk of recurrent PE is 1 in 6, maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality at subsequent birth are substantially improved.
Mechanical assessment of proprietary and improvised pelvic binders for use in the prehospital environment
Authors: Howe Thomas John , Claireaux H , Fox H , Morgan G , McMenemy L , Masouros S D , Ramasamy A 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionPelvic fractures often result from high-energy trauma and are associated with a 10% mortality rate and significant morbidity. Pelvic binders are applied in suspected pelvic injury to stabilise fractured bone, decrease bleeding and potentiate tamponade. A binder must hold the pelvis with sufficient force for this effect to be achieved. This study aims to quantify the ability of proprietary and improvised pelvic binders to hold a target tensile force over time.MethodsThe ability of three proprietary and three improvised binders to hold a binding force for 2 hours was tested. A uniaxial materials testing machine was used to tension each binder to 150 N and then hold the displacement for 2 hours; the drop in tension over time was recorded for each binder. The ability to hold tension above 130 N after 2 hours was set as the metric of binder performance.ResultsThe median tension at 2 hours was above 130 N for the SAM Pelvic Sling II and T-POD Pelvic Stabilisation Device and was below 130 N for the Prometheus Pelvic Splint, field-expedient pelvic splint (FES) and the Personal Clothing System-Multi-Terrain Pattern Combat Trousers binders. The tension in the improvised FES after 2 hours was approximately at the target 130 N; however, in 40% of the tests, it held above 130 N.ConclusionsBinders varied in their ability to maintain sufficient tension to treat a pelvic fracture over the 2-hour testing period. The FES performed well under our testing regime; with relatively low cost and weight, it represents a good alternative to proprietary binders for the austere environment.
Amperometric Determination of Hydrazine Using Au Nanoparticle Incorporated CMK-3 Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Rajaram Rajendran , Kumar Sachin , Sudharsan S , Raj Rayappan Pavul , Ramanujam Kothandaraman , Neelakantan Lakshman 
Published: August 2023

In this work, ordered mesoporous carbon (CMK-3) was synthesized using the nano-casting method, in which Au nanoparticles were incorporated using the citrate-reduction method. It was characterized using various physicochemical techniques like XRD, Raman, HRSEM, BET, and HRTEM. The synthesized material was utilized as an electrocatalyst for the electrochemical determination of hydrazine (HZ). From the cyclic voltammetric studies, it is understood that the bare as well as CMK-3 modified glassy carbon electrodes fail to produce a signal against HZ. On the contrary, Au nanoparticle incorporated CMK-3 modified glassy carbon electrode (AuNP-CMK-3/GCE) senses the analyte at the applied overpotential of 0.22 V. The electrode exhibits a linear variation in sensitivity in the concentration range of 0.1 mM to 1 mM with a regression coefficient value of 0.9967. Using the amperometric measurements, the sensitivity of the electrode was investigated and it is concluded that the electrode is able to produce a signal against the target analyte in the concentration range of 3–27 μM with the R2 value of 0.9964. Further, the sensitivity and limit of detection (LOD) of the electrode against HZ were found as 0.00289 μA μM−1 and 1 μM, respectively. The selectivity of the electrode was examined in the presence of other interferents, which revealed that the electrode is selective to HZ. The real-time applicability of the electrode was ascertained in the water samples collected from the ponds.
Therapeutic Vaccination against Human Papillomavirus Type 16 for the Treatment of High-Grade Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia in HIV+ Men
Authors: Gosens Karien C.M. , van der Burg Sjoerd H. , Welters Marij J.P. , Boekestijn Sanne , Loof Nikki M. , Quint Wim G.V. , van Noesel Carel J.M. , van der Wal Allard C. , Richel Olivier , Krebber Wilhelmus J.T.A. , Melief Cornelis J.M. , de Vries Henry J.C. , Prins Jan M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
Anal cancer is increasing in HIV+ men who have sex with men (MSM). Treatment options for its precursor, high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (HGAIN), are suboptimal. In this phase I to II dose-finding study, we assessed the safety and efficacy of the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) synthetic long peptide vaccine (SLP-HPV-01) in HIV+ MSM with HPV16-positive HGAIN.

Patients and Methods:
Four dosage schedules (1-5-10; 5-10-20; 10-20-40; and 40-40-40-40 μg) of SLP-HPV-01 were administered intradermally with a 3-week interval in 10 patients per dose level (DL). In each dose group, 5 patients also received 1 μg/kg pegylated IFNα-2b subcutaneously. Primary endpoints were safety and regression of HGAIN at 3, 6, and 12 months.

Results:
Eighty-one of 134 screened patients (60%) had HPV16-negative HGAIN lesions, leaving 53 eligible patients. Thirteen patients were excluded, leaving 40 men. The vaccine was well tolerated. One patient developed a generalized rash. The highest dosage level induced the strongest immune responses. There was no indication for stronger reactivity in the IFNα groups. Up to 18 months of follow-up, 8/38 intention-to-treat patients had a complete clinical and histologic response and one had a partial response (in total 9/38, 23.7%). At the highest dosage level, the clinical response was 4/10 (40%). Stronger immune responses were detected among clinical responders.

Conclusions:
The highest DL is safe, immunogenic, and associated with clinical responses to HPV16-induced lesions. However, as the majority of HGAIN is caused by the other HPV types, further studies should aim at pan-HPV vaccination to prevent or treat HGAIN.