bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency of slight interstitial lung lesions in coronavirus disease 2019 autopsy cases - potential risk factor of severe pneumonia
Authors: Iwashita Hiromichi , Kawabata Yoshinori , Hayashi Hiroyuki , Matsushita Shoichiro , Yamashiro Tsuneo , Matsumura Mai , Yoshimura Yukihiro , Kataoka Toshiaki , Mitsui Hideaki , Suzuki Takehisa , Misumi Toshihiro , Tanaka Tomonori , Ishijima Sosuke , Fukuoka Junya , Iwasawa Tae , Ogura Takashi , Okudela Koji 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The aim of this study was to clarify subclinical hidden interstitial lung disease (ILD) as a risk factor of severe pneumonia associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We carefully examined autopsied lungs and chest computed tomography scanning (CT) images from patients with COVID-19 for interstitial lesions and then analyzed their relationship with disease severity. Among the autopsy series, subclinical ILD was found in 13/27 cases (48%) in the COVID-19 group, and in contrast, 8/65 (12%) in the control autopsy group (p=0.0006; Fisher’s exact test). We reviewed CT images from the COVID-19 autopsy cases and verified that subclinical ILD was histologically detectable in the CT images. Then, we retrospectively examined CT images from another series of COVID-19 cases in the Yokohama, Japan area between February–August 2020 for interstitial lesions and analyzed the relationship to the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia. Interstitial lesion was more frequently found in the group with the moderate II/severe disease than in the moderate I/mild disease (severity was evaluated according to the COVID-19 severity classification system of the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare [Japan]) (moderate II/severe, 11/15, 73.3% versus moderate I/mild, 108/245, 44.1%; Fisher exact test, p=0.0333). In conclusion, it was suggested that subclinical ILD could be an important risk factor for severe COVID-19 pneumonia. A benefit of these findings could be the development of a risk assessment system using high resolution CT images for fatal COVID-19 pneumonia.
The first reported occurrence of Mycoplasma conjunctivae in goats in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China: A case report
Authors: Guo Yanan , Wang Jianlin , Liu Hongyan , Wang Jingsong , Wang Jiandong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Mycoplasma conjunctivae (M. conjunctivae) belongs to the Mycoplasma species of the Mycoplasma family and it is the main pathogen that causes infectious keratoconjunctivitis in goats. Infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC), also known as red eye disease, is a highly contagious disease that is prevalent worldwide.
Case presentation:
In October 2022, a goat farm in Tongxin County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China began to show leukoplakia in the eyes of goats 3 days later due to the introduction of a batch of goats and no isolation observation. The diseased goat showed listlessness and poor appetite. Its body temperature was as high as 41°C. The eyes began to appear white spots, and its range gradually expanded, covering the entire eyeball. 200 goats were purchased, 40 goats were affected, the incidence rate was 20%. Eye secretions of 15 diseased goats were collected and were amplified by using specific primers. The amplified products were sequenced and phylogenetic trees were constructed. The phylogenetic tree showed that Mco 01, Mco 02, Mco 03, Mco 04, Mco 05, Mco 06, Mco 07, Mco 08, Mco 09, Mco 10, Mco 11, Mco 12, Mco 13, Mco 14 and Mco 15 had the closest genetic distance with the reported M.conjunctivae Goat 655 and M165 / 69 strains, and the self-test support rate with Goat 655 was as high as 98.
Conclusions
This study is the first to identify M.conjunctivae from the eye secretions of goats with IKC in goats from Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Under the stress conditions of long-distance transportation, the health status of goats should be highly concerned, and timely prevention of M. conjunctivae disease can improve the survival rate of purchased goats.
Alkaloid-based chemical defenses and diet in six species of Australian poison frogs in the genus Pseudophryne
Authors: Sague Mikayla , Dudaitis Vilma , Plumert Lilja , Umbers Kate D.L. , Saporito Ralph A. , Lawrence J.P. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Poison frogs are well known for their ability to sequester alkaloids from their diet of leaf-litter arthropods for use in defense against predators and pathogens. Australian frogs in the genus Pseudophryne represent an understudied lineage of poison frogs, which have the unique ability to both sequester dietary alkaloids and synthesize pseudophrynamine alkaloids. Herein, we describe the alkaloid profiles and diet of six species of Pseudophryne (P. guentheri, P. occidentalis, P. semimarmorata, P. dendyi, P. bibronii, and P. coriacea) to gain a better understanding of how alkaloid defenses and diet are related within and among species. We characterized and quantified alkaloids using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), and assessed diet by way of dissection and examination of stomach contents using light microscopy. Our results found that alkaloid profiles varied significantly among species, with pumiliotoxins (dietary-derived) and pseudophrynamines (biosynthesized) being the most abundant alkaloids. Pseudophryne bibronii and P. dendyi contained mostly dietary derived alkaloids, whereas P. coriacea, P. guentheri, P. semimarmorata, and P. occidentalis possessed mostly biosynthesized alkaloids. The stomachs of each species were largely empty, containing mostly soil and few partially digested insects. Our data suggest that frogs eat minimally during the breeding season and therefore a decrease in dietary alkaloids may be compensated for by the biosynthesized pseudophrynamines, which could allow Australian poison frogs to remain defended from predators during this vulnerable time period.
Sperm-depleted males of the two-spotted spider mite can replenish sperm in a few hours
Authors: Yokoi Aina , Sano Taito , Nagase Sayuka , Tanino Ayana , Egas Martijn , Sato Yukie 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In many animals, males increase their reproductive success by mating as many females as possible. The number of females a male can fertilize is often limited by male competition for access to females, sperm competition, and the cost of sperm production. Especially, recent studies have shown that sperm production is more costly than previously expected. In the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, the number of females a male can inseminate is limited mainly by male competition for access to females. However, in the absence of rivals, males mate with so many females that they can become sperm-depleted. Mating without sperm transfer does not produce any offspring, although it takes time and energy. Therefore, a question arises why males continue to mate even after sperm depletion. In this study, we hypothesized that males continue to mate because sperm is replenished after a short period. To test the hypothesis, we investigated how long it takes for sperm replenishment after sperm depletion. We found that in 3 h, sperm can be replenished enough to inseminate a few females. As 3 h is sufficiently short not to lose the next mating opportunity, the results support the hypothesis. However, the copulation duration after sperm replenishment was significantly shorter than before sperm depletion, indicating that males continue to mate but may alter their mating behavior depending on the amount of sperm they retain.
Shelf-life prediction and correlation between maximum elongation and stabilizer depletion of CMDB propellant
Authors: Liu Jia-ming , Guo Zong-tao , Zheng Jian , Chen Xiong , Xu Jin-sheng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In order to predict the storage life of composite modified double base propellant (CMDB propellant) at 298.15K, the correlation between the maximum elongation and the stabilizer depletion of CMDB propellant was studied. The thermal accelerated aging tests were carried out at 323.15K, 333.15K, 343.15K and 353.15K. The changes of MNA content and maximum elongation at different thermal aging temperatures were analyzed and a modified exponential aging model for CMDB propellant was proposed. With MNA content and maximum elongation as aging characteristics, the storage life of CMDB propellants at 298.15K was predicted using the modified Arrhenius equation. The aging mechanism of CMDB propellant was analyzed and the correlation function model of maximum elongation and stabilizer depletion was established. The results show that the maximum elongation and MNA content decrease with aging time and aging temperature increasing. The fitting correlation coefficients of modified exponential aging model are all greater than 0.97, which can better describe the changes of MNA content and maximum elongation of CMDB propellant. The storage life of CMDB at 298.15K is estimated to be 19.19 years and 18.09 years, respectively. The validity of the correlation function between the maximum elongation and the stabilizer depletion is verified. The overall error is less than 15%, which provides a reference for predicting the maximum elongation of CMDB propellant by the consumption of MNA.
Sorption of pure vapours and vapour mixtures by four hardwoods. Thermodynamic and kinetic aspects
Authors: Yadav Pankaj , Bossu Julie , Moigne Nicolas Le , Corn Stéphane , Renzo Francesco , Trens Philippe 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Water is a universal solvent and swelling agent that is widely used in wood industry in association with organic solvents and salts, whether for the fractionation of biomass and the production of bio-based synthons for the chemical industry, the application of sizing agents and painting for the paper industry, or the incorporation of preservatives to enhance wood durability for the timber industry. The relevance of solvents and technical treatments used for wood-based products requires a proper identification of the specific role of each solvent on wood biopolymers to better understand and predict their influence on wood properties. In particular, wood impregnated with aqueous solutions of organic solvents have shown to give rise to greater swelling than that observed in pure water, described as “hyperswelling”. To understand this phenomenon, the first step is to examine the existing interactions between wood microstructure and the different solvents present in these mixtures. This study is an attempt to bring to light the sorption behaviour of four different hardwoods in water–ethanol vapour mixtures containing increasing molar fractions of ethanol from 0 to 100%. Contrasted sorption behaviour in pure solvents were observed according to wood species having different biochemical composition. This behaviour highlights the different affinities of ethanol and water for the macromolecules present in the wood microstructure. With mixed solvents, peculiar effects were confirmed in sorption behaviour of woods with lower mixed solvent uptake at high partial pressures compared to pure solvents. It is also shown that part of the sorbed ethanol molecules remains chemisorbed in the wood structures at the end of the desorption process.
Predictive value of parathyroid hormone levels for permanent hypoparathyroidism at different time points after papillary thyroid cancer surgery
Authors: Gao Jinwei , Zhang Qi , Wang Zesheng , Liang Shengchang , Guo Yibin , Wang Jinlian , Cao Tingbao , Zhang Yupeng , Qu Kunpeng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the relationship between parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels on day 1 after radical thyroid surgery for papillary carcinoma and permanent hypoparathyroidism (PHPP) and the predictive value of the relationship between them.
Methods
Eighty patients with papillary thyroid cancer who underwent total thyroidectomy and lymph node dissection in the central area admitted to the General Surgery Department of Gansu Provincial People’s Hospital from January 2021 to January 2022 were collected and analyzed. Patients were divided into hypoparathyroidism and normal parathyroid groups according to whether PHPP occurred after surgery, and the correlation between parathyroid hormone (PTH) and serum calcium levels and permanent hypoparathyroidism (PHPP) on postoperative day 1 in both groups was analyzed using univariate and binary logistics regression. The area under the subject operating curve (ROC) was used to assess the predictive validity of PTH for the occurrence of PHPP in the postoperative period.
Results
PHPP occurred in 10 of the 80 patients with papillary thyroid cancer included, with an incidence of 12.5%; binary logistic regression analysis showed that PTH on a postoperative day 1 (OR = 14.534, 95% CI: 2.377 to 88.858, P = 0.004), was an independent predictive risk factor for the development of PHPP after surgery. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.874 (95% CI: 0.79–0.958, P = 0.000) with a sensitivity of 71.4%, specificity of 100%, and Jorden index of 0.714, using PTH = 8.75ng/L on postoperative day 1 as the threshold value.
Conclusions
PTH levels on day 1 after total thyroid papillary carcinoma are strongly associated with permanent hypoparathyroidism and are an independent predictor of the development of PHPP.
Additional role of 18F-NaF PET/CT for assessment of bone mineral density change in DTC patients with TSH suppression
Authors: Huang Jingquan , Mu Xingyu , Li Zuguo , Lu Lu , Qin Jie , Li Meng , Fu Wei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objective
To explore the additional functionalities of 18F-sodium fluoride-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-NaF PET/CT) for evaluation and prediction of bone mineral density (BMD) levels in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) under thyrotropin suppression.
Methods
This study analyzed retrospectively 231 DTC patients who was receiving thyrotropin suppression, and received dual emission X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and 18F-NaF PET/CT scans within one week. According to the BMD of DXA, they were divided into normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis group, as well as the incidence of each group was recorded. The 18F-NaF uptake value of 1st-4th lumbar vertebrae and femoral neck of each patient was measured and compared based on the different BMD, gender and duration of TSH suppression by one-way ANOVA or Mann Whitney U test. The correlation was calculated between age and 18F-NaF uptake value and BMD of the lumbar spine by Pearson or Spearman regression analysis. In addition, using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves established a model to predict the BMD level based on the 18F-NaF uptake value.
Results
The incidence rate of osteopenia and osteoporosis was 30.3% and 11.6%, and postmenopausal women are the most susceptible group to osteopenia (37%) and osteoporosis (29%). The SUVmax, SUVmean of the lumbar spine were statistically significantly different among the normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis groups (all p < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed in 18F-NaF uptake of femoral neck. Additionally, SUVmax, SUVmean of the lumbar spine were also observed significant difference among different gender (all p < 0.05) and duration of TSH suppression (all p < 0.05). Lumbar SUVmax, SUVmean, and BMD were significantly negatively correlated with age (r = − 0.426 to − 0.511, all p < 0.05). The C-index of the combined model was 0.70(95% CI 0.64–0.76), suggesting reasonably good model performance for distinguishing normal to abnormal BMD.
Conclusion
18F-NaF PET/CT can be a valuable adjunct to DXA to provide insight into bone metabolism in DTC patients with TSH suppression, apart from detection of metastatic bones.
Surface dielectric barrier discharge (sDBD) for flow control in plasma conversion
Authors: Mohsenimehr Soad , von Keudell Achim 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Dielectric barrier discharges (DBD) are often used for gas conversion such as splitting of carbon dioxide, volatile organic compound removal or ozone generation. Due to the small plasma filaments in DBD discharges an efficient mixing of the gas flow with the plasma is essential. This is studied by using a surface dielectric barrier discharge (sDBD) with an electrode design similar to plasma actuators to optimize plasma-flow interaction. The flow pattern has been measured by Schlieren diagnostics and compared to a fluid dynamic simulation. The efficiency of gas conversion has been tested by monitoring the conversion of 1\% CO$_2$ admixed to an N$_2$ gas stream via infrared spectroscopy in the exhaust. The actuator design of the electrodes induces a significant plasma force on the fluid, which results in the formation of vortices above the electrodes as reproduced in the simulation. It is shown that the height of the vortices created in the velocity field can characterize the mixing process, which dominates the conversion efficiency of carbon dioxide at different gas flow rates.
Symptom burden and relief in palliative care units of German Comprehensive Cancer Center and other hospitals
Authors: Berendt Julia , Brunner Sarah , Heckel Maria , Tewes Mitra , Ostgathe Christoph , Gahr Susanne 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The National Hospice & Palliative Registry contains patient data from German hospice and palliative care facilities about symptoms. The aim of the study at hand is to differentiate symptom burden of patients in palliative care units between Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) and other hospitals regarding symptom burden and relief of patients in palliative care units.
Methods
The registry analysis provided data of patients in palliative care units (2014-2018). We analyzed characteristic and symptom-related data on 18 symptoms, with considerable symptom-burdened patients (moderate or severe). We followed a cancer (yes/no) and facility-specific descriptive analysis (f, %, μ, Mdn, SD, V, r) using SPSS.
Results
We evaluated 10,447 patient records (CCC: 4,234 pts / Non CCC 6,213 pts), 82% with a cancer diagnosis. For cancer patients the mean age in CCC-affiliated palliative care units was 68 (SD 19-99) years, in others 73 (SD 23-104) years (p<0.05; V=0.2). The proportion of patients with significant symptom burden is lower in CCC-affiliated than in other palliative care units. The difference between facilities shows a significant weak effect in pain, vomiting and constipation, depressiveness, anxiety and tension. The proportion of cases which symptom burden could be alleviated is higher in CCC-affiliated palliative care units with significant weak/medium effect in pain, nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath, constipation, pressure ulcers, depressiveness, anxiety, tension, confusion, and problems in organizing care.
Conclusion
We found differences in symptom burden and symptom relief between CCC-affiliated and other palliative care units. CCCs should continue to feel responsible for sharing knowledge about symptom relief, such as through Standard Operating Procedures and education.
Identifying Barriers to Resident Robotic Console Time in a General Surgery Residency Through a Targeted Needs Assessment
Authors: Perry Bradley , Howard Kathryn , Novotny Nathan , Iacco Anthony , Ivascu Felicia , Nguyen Ngan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Robotic-assisted general surgery is experiencing exponential growth. Despite our institution’s high volume, residents often graduate with inadequate console experience. Our aim was to identify the educational needs of residents and perceived barriers to residents’ console time from both attendings and residents. Separate surveys were created and distributed to robotic surgery faculty and general surgery residents at our institution. Questions were a variety of modalities and focused on the robotic surgery experience at our institution, including barriers to resident console time from both attending surgeon and resident perspectives. Although residents' interest in robotic surgery exceeded that of open and laparoscopic surgery, confidence in their robotic skills was low compared to the other modalities. The top barriers to participating in robotic cases according to residents included minimal or no previous console time with the attending, lack of simulator time, and being required to perform bedside assistant duties. Faculty reported resident preparedness, prior robotic skill demonstration, simulator time, case complexity, and their own confidence as significant factors influencing resident console time. Using these results, we concluded that the design and implementation of a formal robotic surgery curriculum should incorporate simulation-based opportunities for residents to practice their skills, improve confidence, and increase console experience. In addition, simulation opportunities for faculty should also be considered to allow for improvement and maintenance of robotic surgical skills.
Effects of the competitive standard on external and internal load during the match-play in elite Brazilian professional soccer players
Authors: Gonçalves Luiz Guilherme , Aquino Rodrigo , Guimarães Rodrigo , Azevedo Angelo Melim , Clemente Filipe Manuel , Praça Gibson Moreira , García-Calvo Tomas , Pulido Juan J. , Nobari Hadi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to look into the effects of competitive standards based on contextual match factors on external and internal load in elite Brazilian professional soccer players. Forty-six professional male soccer players participated in this descriptive study.
Methods
The physical demands were monitored by distance-based measures and rating perceived exertion-based training load during 76 matches at 2 competitive standards: 1st and 2nd Brazilian leagues.
Results
Home and away matches played in the 2nd Brazilian national league presented greater values of the total distance (TD) and moderate-intensity running (MSR) [p < 0;05, effect size (ES) = small-moderate] than the 1st Brazilian national league. When losing and winning matches in the top national, players covered shorter TD, MSR, and high-speed running distances (p < 0;05, ES = small-moderate). The matches against intermediate and weak opposition required high values of TD and MSR (p < 0;05, ES = small-moderate) in the lower national league.
Conclusions
In a Brazilian league, our results highlight the differences in the external load of top and lower national leagues according to contextual match factors. The evidence emphasizes the importance of developing appropriate attributes to prepare professional soccer players for various competitive standards.