bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maturation of Paracetamol Elimination Routes in Preterm Neonates Born Below 32 Weeks of Gestation
Authors: Wu Yunjiao , Völler Swantje , Krekels Elke H. J. , Roofthooft Daniëlla W. E. , Simons Sinno H. P. , Tibboel Dick , Flint Robert B. , Knibbe Catherijne A. J. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Despite being off-label, intravenous paracetamol (PCM) is increasingly used to control mild-to-moderate pain in preterm neonates. Here we aim to quantify the maturation of paracetamol elimination pathways in preterm neonates born below 32 weeks of gestation.

Methods
Datasets after single dose (rich data) or multiple doses (sparse data) of intravenous PCM dose (median (range)) 9 (3–25) mg/kg were pooled, containing 534 plasma and 44 urine samples of PCM and metabolites (PCM–glucuronide, PCM–sulfate, PCM–cysteine, and PCM–mercapturate) from 143 preterm neonates (gestational age 27.7 (24.0–31.9) weeks, birthweight 985 (462–1,925) g, postnatal age (PNA) 5 (0–30) days, current weight 1,012 (462–1,959) g. Population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using NONMEM® 7.4.

Results
For a typical preterm neonate (birthweight 985 g; PNA 5 days), PCM clearance was 0.137 L/h, with glucuronidation, sulfation, oxidation and unchanged renal clearance accounting for 5.3%, 73.7%, 16.3% and 4.6%, respectively. Maturational changes in total PCM clearance and its elimination pathways were best described by birthweight and PNA. Between 500–1,500 g birthweight, total PCM clearance increases by 169%, with glucuronidation, sulfation and oxidation clearance increasing by 347%, 164% and 164%. From 1–30 days PNA for 985 g birthweight neonate, total PCM clearance increases by 167%, with clearance via glucuronidation and oxidation increasing by 551%, and sulfation by 69%.

Conclusion
Birthweight and PNA are the most important predictors for maturational changes in paracetamol clearance and its glucuronidation, sulfation and oxidation. As a result, dosing based on bodyweight alone will not lead to consistent paracetamol concentrations among preterm neonates.
Changing students’ explicit and implicit attitudes toward peers with disabilities: Effects of a curriculum-based intervention programme
Authors: Wüthrich S. , Lozano C. Sahli , Lüthi M. , Wicki M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNegative peer attitudes are a significant barrier to social participation of students with disabilities in inclusive classrooms. Although many intervention studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of interaction or disability awareness programmes in promoting positive peer attitudes, reliance on students’ self-reported attitudes is prone to social desirability bias and is unable to capture implicit prejudice. The present study examined changes in students’ explicit and implicit attitudes toward peers with disabilities after a curriculum-based intervention programme (“Prinzip Vielfalt”), which aims to promote an open-minded attitude toward human diversity. Teachers in 12 primary school classes in the experimental group (n = 195 students) used the programme for eight weeks, whereas a control group of 12 classes (n = 191 students) used no intervention. Students’ pre- and post-intervention attitudes were assessed using an adapted version of the Chedoke–McMaster Attitudes Towards Children with Handicaps Scale and a disability Implicit Association Test for children. Post-intervention analyses revealed a significant relative improvement in explicit attitudes toward peers with disabilities in the experimental group compared to the control group (b = 0.20, 95% CI = [0.03; 0.37]) but no change in implicit attitudes (b = -0.03, 95% CI = [-0.10; 0.03]). Thus, while the intervention positively affected self-reported attitudes, implicit negative associations were unchanged. Using explicit and implicit measures of attitudes and attitude changes among children can provide valuable insights into the mechanisms and effectiveness of different intervention strategies.
Pluralism in reasoning: how to legitimate material inferences
Authors: Kuukkanen Jouni-Matti 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWilfrid Sellars’s suggestion that there are valid material inferences entails that validity is not limited to formal inferences. Because material inferences are expressed in ordinary language and deal with both conceptual and empirical matters, an interesting prospect unfolds: valid reasoning is irreducibly plural. However, it is not clear what the validity of inferences composed of non-logical and descriptive vocabulary means. I argue that it is better to speak of the legitimacy rather than the validity of material inferences. A material inference can be understood as legitimate when one has a pragmatic propriety to infer from an assertion A to an assertion B. Pragmatic propriety designates the social-normative entitlement of inferencing. Because pragmatic proprieties are discipline-specific and local, legitimate reasoning is plural. Nevertheless, the shared general feature of reasoning practices is to preserve and improve the coherence of one’s system of belief.
Evaluation of coffee husks in pellet bedding, performance characteristics, footpad dermatitis scoring, and meat quality of broiler ducks
Authors: Biesek Jakub , Wlaźlak Sebastian , Banaszak Mirosław , Grabowicz Małgorzata 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe study aimed to analyze the chemical composition of pellet bedding made of straw or coffee husks (10, 25, 50%) and the performance characteristics of broiler ducks and footpad dermatitis. During rearing, the properties of the bedding and utility features of ducks were analyzed, and the frequency of footpad dermatitis (FPD) in ducks was verified. There was a decrease in dry matter from the 28th day of rearing. The crude fiber, NDF, ADF, and nitrogen content decreased compared to fresh bedding, while phosphorus and potassium increased. The highest pH was found in the CH25 and CH50 groups in fresh bedding on day 42 and in CH50 on day 14. High adj. R2 was found due to rearing time and bedding material (0.817–0.985). The ducks’ growth rate in the CH25 group was higher at week 6 than in the other groups. In CH10 and CH25 groups, higher carcass weight was found than in group C. In group CH10, a higher weight of pectoral muscles and lower wing proportion was found than in C. In CH25, a higher remains weight was shown than in C and CH50. In CH50, lower water-holding capacity in the pectoral muscles was found than in the other groups. Considering the bedding (the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium), carcass features, and meat quality (water-holding capacity, intramuscular fat, and water content), it is possible to use 10, 25 or 50% of coffee husks in straw pellets in the rearing of broiler ducks. Due to the FPD, the moisture should be lowered.
A computational study of perspective cuts
Authors: Bestuzheva Ksenia , Gleixner Ambros , Vigerske Stefan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe benefits of cutting planes based on the perspective function are well known for many specific classes of mixed-integer nonlinear programs with on/off structures. However, we are not aware of any empirical studies that evaluate their applicability and computational impact over large, heterogeneous test sets in general-purpose solvers. This paper provides a detailed computational study of perspective cuts within a linear programming based branch-and-cut solver for general mixed-integer nonlinear programs. Within this study, we extend the applicability of perspective cuts from convex to nonconvex nonlinearities. This generalization is achieved by applying a perspective strengthening to valid linear inequalities which separate solutions of linear relaxations. The resulting method can be applied to any constraint where all variables appearing in nonlinear terms are semi-continuous and depend on at least one common indicator variable. Our computational experiments show that adding perspective cuts for convex constraints yields a consistent improvement of performance, and adding perspective cuts for nonconvex constraints reduces branch-and-bound tree sizes and strengthens the root node relaxation, but has no significant impact on the overall mean time.
Scaling and the formation of borderland subjectivities: A study of identity construction among Chinese international students in the United States
Authors: Yin Peng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBased on two representative cases drawn from a larger multi-sited ethnographic project, this study examines the process of identity construction among Chinese international students in the U.S.A., focusing on how the students (re)negotiate their subject positions vis-à-vis their home and host societies. Building on a conceptualization of the students as borderland subjects, the study brings to the fore a critical and creative state of in-betweenness characterizing the positioning of the students, putting into question the paradigm of adjustment and adaption that has long dominated research on international student migration (ISM). To unveil the subtleties behind the students’ formation of borderland subjectivities, the study draws on the notion of scale. By examining the scaling practices of the students, the study provides a nuanced account of how the students discursively index and connect multiple spatial–temporal contexts to guide their journey toward becoming borderland subjects. By combining the notion of scale with the borderland trope, the study sheds light on an emerging avenue of research that aims to uncover the transformative and fluid underpinnings of ISM.
Assessment of sectoral greenhouse gas emission effects of biomass, fossil fuel, and (non)metallic ore utilization of the Nordic economy
Authors: Alola Andrew Adewale , Adebayo Tomiwa Sunday , Olagunju Ishaaqa 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In a rare empirical approach, and considering the uniqueness of the Nordic economy, this study examines the differential effect of domestic material utilization, i.e., biomass, fossil fuel, metallic ores, and non-metallic ores on the sectoral greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, i.e., industrial, agricultural, land use, land use change and forestry (LULCF), waste management, and energy GHG emissions in the period 1990–2020. By applying competent econometric tools that accounts for potential estimation bias, the result revealed that metallic ore consumption among the Nordic countries is detrimental to the region’s environmental sustainability, more so to the region’s greening circular economy drive. This is because metallic ore utilization spurs industrial, agricultural, LULCF, waste management, and energy GHG emissions. Similarly, biomass material consumption spurs GHG emissions arising from the LULCF, waste management, and energy sector activities while fossil fuel materials spur LULCF and energy GHG emissions. However, non-metallic ores consumption provides a desirable outcome as it mitigates GHG emission with respective elasticities of ~0.06, ~0.01, and ~0.05, in the industrial, agricultural, and waste management sector activities while biomass also plays a statistically significant role of reducing agricultural GHG emission by ~0.02% when there is a percent increase in the consumption of biomass. Important policy measures are put forward following the interesting revelation from the investigation.
Revisiting Alwyn H. Gentry’s forest transect data: latitudinal beta diversity patterns are revealed using a statistical sampling-model-based approach
Authors: Chao Anne , Chiu Chun-Huo , Hu Kai-Hsiang , Zelený David 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGentry’s forest transect data have been frequently used to assess global patterns of plant diversity and plant species compositional changes along environmental and geographical gradients. Based on the worldwide woody plant abundance records from Gentry’s 197 localities/plots (each consisting of ten 2 m × 50 m subplots/transects), we apply a recently developed sampling-model-based standardization method (iNEXT.beta3D standardization) to examine how beta diversity among subplots varies with latitude. Beta diversity quantifies the extent of among-subplot differentiation which represents the interacting effect of species abundance distribution and spatial aggregation. Here beta diversity is obtained by a multiplicative decomposition scheme based on the framework of Hill numbers of any order q ≥ 0. Under statistical sampling models, data in nearly all of the 197 localities were incomplete, i.e., there were species present in the assemblage but undetected in the data. For Gentry’s data collected along narrow transects, the dependence among sampled individuals due to spatial aggregation is generally weak. The observed beta diversity depends on the among-subplot differentiation and sampling effort/completeness, which in turn induce dependence of the observed beta diversity on alpha and gamma diversity. To control for sampling effort/completeness, the iNEXT.beta3D method standardizes both alpha and gamma diversity at the same level of sample coverage to formulate coverage-based beta diversity. The resulting standardized beta diversity provides a statistical solution to remove the dependence of beta diversity on both alpha and gamma diversities, and thus reflects the pure among-subplot differentiation. The coverage-based standardization reveals latitudinal beta diversity patterns/trends not only for richness-based, but also for abundance-sensitive beta diversity.
Geodatenkultur der Diversität: eine neopragmatische Skizzierung
Authors: Edler Dennis , Kühne Olaf , Keil Julian , Korte Annika , Weißmann Marco , Galla Christopher , Zilt Luca , Dickmann Frank 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn recent years, fundamental changes regarding geospatial data resources have become apparent. The establishment of gaming software and associated web-based exchange and communication platforms offer cartography and geoinformation sciences new potentials of geospatial data, which requires a rethinking, especially in the field of 3D visualization. The resources of official geospatial data holding agencies and first VGI communities from early times of digitization are extended by geospatial data originating from 3D modeling in gaming and containing high creative potential. Here, in relation to the availability of geodata resources, a change in the geospatial data culture becomes apparent, from a geospatial data culture of dependency (ca. 1830–1980), to a geospatial data culture of participation (ca. 1980–2020), to its further development to a geospatial data culture of diversity (since ca. 2020). These three paradigms of a geospatial data culture are discussed in this paper, after a conceptual reflection that builds on a neopragmatic understanding. Case studies are based on virtual and augmented reality. With these examples, the synthesis of different geospatial data resources for targeted 3D cartographic applications is highlighted.
Effect of Waste Tire Rubber on Properties of Asphalt Cement and Asphalt Concrete Mixtures: State of the Art
Authors: Alsheyab Mohammad A. T. , Khedaywi Taisir , Ogiliat Omar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis research paper aims at providing a comprehensive analysis of the effect of the addition of waste tire rubber to asphalt mix and its properties. Having reviewed several published research papers, it is concluded that the addition of waste tire rubber to asphalt mix increases the softening point, viscosity, flow, void mineral aggregate (VMA), and Marshall stability. On the other hand, it reduces the penetration, ductility, specific gravity, flash point, and retained stability. It is stated also that the addition of waste tire rubber to asphalt mix is a safe way of managing huge amounts of waste tires generated around the world in a high-value reuse.
Interaction of the pre- and postnatal environment in the maternal immune activation model
Authors: Gundacker Anna , Cuenca Rico Laura , Stoehrmann Peter , Tillmann Katharina E. , Weber-Stadlbauer Ulrike , Pollak Daniela D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAdverse influences during pregnancy are associated with a range of unfavorable outcomes for the developing offspring. Maternal psychosocial stress, exposure to infections and nutritional imbalances are known risk factors for neurodevelopmental derangements and according psychiatric and neurological manifestations later in offspring life. In this context, the maternal immune activation (MIA) model has been extensively used in preclinical research to study how stimulation of the maternal immune system during gestation derails the tightly coordinated sequence of fetal neurodevelopment. The ensuing consequence of MIA for offspring brain structure and function are majorly manifested in behavioral and cognitive abnormalities, phenotypically presenting during the periods of adolescence and adulthood. These observations have been interpreted within the framework of the “double-hit-hypothesis” suggesting that an elevated risk for neurodevelopmental disorders results from an individual being subjected to two adverse environmental influences at distinct periods of life, jointly leading to the emergence of pathology. The early postnatal period, during which the caregiving parent is the major determinant of the newborn´s environment, constitutes a window of vulnerability to external stimuli. Considering that MIA not only affects the developing fetus, but also impinges on the mother´s brain, which is in a state of heightened malleability during pregnancy, the impact of MIA on maternal brain function and behavior postpartum may importantly contribute to the detrimental consequences for her progeny. Here we review current information on the interaction between the prenatal and postnatal maternal environments in the modulation of offspring development and their relevance for the pathophysiology of the MIA model.
Evaluation of Levels and Determinants of Patient Satisfaction with Primary Health Care Services in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Radwan Nashwa Mohamed , Alkattan Abdullah Naji , Haji Alhan Mohammedamin , Alabdulkareem Khaled Ibrahim 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The Saudi Ministry of Health makes continual efforts to provide high-quality preventive services through a large network of primary health care (PHC) centers. Patient satisfaction is integral to measuring health outcomes and the quality of these services.

Methods
We searched the Cochrane, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases for studies investigating patient satisfaction with PHC services in Saudi Arabia in the past 10 years. The risk of bias and heterogeneity across the included studies were assessed with Newcastle Ottawa scale and I2 test, respectively. Review Manger version 5.311 was used for data analysis with the random effect model. The quality of evidence of each outcome was measured with the GRADE approach.

Results
The review included 3302 Saudi residents from six observational studies conducted in different regions of Saudi Arabia. Most studies included in the review had low risk of bias regarding the studied domains. The review indicated moderate overall satisfaction with PHC services (77.00%) among participants. More than 60% of the participants (63.11% and 82.59%) were satisfied with the continuity and communication of PHC services, respectively, whereas, less than half (41.73% and 46.92%) were satisfied with the accessibility of the PHC services and the health education provided at these centers. Moreover, low satisfaction was found among older patients and those with low educational levels. Other sociodemographic factors did not determine patient satisfaction.

Conclusion and Recommendations
This review indicated a moderate level of overall patient satisfaction with respect to the targeted satisfaction level for Saudi Ministry of Health 2023 PHC services of 85%. Additional efforts and continuing evaluation by health care providers will be crucial to address the weaknesses in PHC services.
Proper Ehresmann semigroups
Authors: Kudryavtseva Ganna , Laan Valdis 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe propose a notion of a proper Ehresmann semigroup based on a three-coordinate description of its generating elements governed by certain labelled directed graphs with additional structure. The generating elements are determined by their domain projection, range projection and σ-class, where σ denotes the minimum congruence that identifies all projections. We prove a structure result on proper Ehresmann semigroups and show that every Ehresmann semigroup has a proper cover. Our covering monoid turns out to be isomorphic to that from the work by Branco, Gomes and Gould and provides a new view of the latter. Proper Ehresmann semigroups all of whose elements admit a three-coordinate description are characterized in terms of partial multiactions of monoids on semilattices. As a consequence, we recover the two-coordinate structure result on proper restriction semigroups.
Direct Action: The Invention of a Transnational Concept
Authors: Scalmer Sean 
Published: August 2023

Abstract“Direct action” emerged as a central concept in labour-movement politics in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This article traces and explains that process of invention. In doing so, it seeks to settle three currently unresolved historical problems: the problem of the meaning of direct action; the problem of its relative novelty; and the problem of its relationship to nation. The article draws upon pamphlets and newspapers published on four continents in English, French, Spanish, and German. It argues that the concept of direct action was used in several analytically distinguishable ways: categorical; performative; and strategic. While aspects of direct action were evident in many nations over several decades, French activists played a decisive and catalytic role in the development of the concept. They welded the categorical, performative, and strategic together. They assembled key performances into an agreed repertoire. And they underlined the revolutionary significance of this combination. This new assemblage was then widely taken up across the global labour movement.
Breathing Life into the Kampala Convention: Towards Workable Enforcement Mechanisms
Authors: Addadzi-Koom Maame Efua 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Kampala Convention is a global first, yet, over a decade since it came into force, Africa hosts more than half of the world's internally displaced persons (IDPs). This article explores how the Kampala Convention could mitigate internal displacement by asking which of the enforcement mechanisms in the convention would work best to protect and advance durable solutions for IDPs in Africa. The convention adopts a state obligation model and contains judicial and non-judicial enforcement mechanisms. Evaluation of these mechanisms reveals some flaws, including the unclear mandate of the Conference of States, an inoperative African Court and private actors lacking locus standi. The article argues that some amendments to the convention are necessary to foster enforcement. Literature on internal displacement in Africa from an enforcement perspective is limited, so this article makes a significant contribution.