bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of HMGB1 in COVID‐19‐induced cytokine storm and its potential therapeutic targets: A review
Authors: Wulandari Sri , Hartono  , Wibawa Tri 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHyperinflammation characterized by elevated proinflammatory cytokines known as ‘cytokine storms’ is the major cause of high severity and mortality seen in COVID‐19 patients. The pathology behind the cytokine storms is currently unknown. Increased HMGB1 levels in serum/plasma of COVID‐19 patients were reported by many studies, which positively correlated with the level of proinflammatory cytokines. Dead cells following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection might release a large amount of HMGB1 and RNA of SARS‐CoV‐2 into extracellular space. HMGB1 is a well‐known inflammatory mediator. Additionally, extracellular HMGB1 might interact with SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA because of its high capability to bind with a wide variety of molecules including nucleic acids and could trigger massive proinflammatory immune responses. This review aimed to critically explore the many possible pathways by which HMGB1‐SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA complexes mediate proinflammatory responses in COVID‐19. The contribution of these pathways to impair host immune responses against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection leading to a cytokine storm was also evaluated. Moreover, since blocking the HMGB1‐SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA interaction might have therapeutic value, some of the HMGB1 antagonists have been reviewed. The HMGB1‐ SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA complexes might trigger endocytosis via RAGE which is linked to lysosomal rupture, PRRs activation, and pyroptotic death. High levels of the proinflammatory cytokines produced might suppress many immune cells leading to uncontrolled viral infection and cell damage with more HMGB1 released. Altogether these mechanisms might initiate a proinflammatory cycle leading to a cytokine storm. HMGB1 antagonists could be considered to give benefit in alleviating cytokine storms and serve as a potential candidate for COVID‐19 therapy.
The road to conventional tool use: Developmental changes in children's material engagement with artifacts in nursery school
Authors: Alessandroni Nicolás 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe development of tool use in early childhood is a topic of continuing interest in developmental psychology. However, the lack of studies in ecological settings results in many unknowns about how children come to use artifacts according to their cultural function. We report a longitudinal study with 17 sociodemographically diverse children (8 female) attending a nursery school in Madrid (Spain) and their two adult female teachers. Using mixed‐effects models and Granger causality analysis, we measured changes in the frequency and duration of children's object uses between 7 and 17 months of age and in the directional influences among pairs of behaviors performed by teachers and children. Results show a clear shift in how children use artifacts. As early as 12 months of age, the frequency of conventional uses outweighs that of all other types of object use. In addition, object uses become shorter in duration with age, irrespective of their type. Moreover, certain teachers' nonlinguistic communicative strategies (e.g., demonstrations of canonical use and placing gestures) significantly influence and promote children's conventional tool use. Findings shed light on how children become increasingly proficient in conventional tool use through interactions with artifacts and others in nursery school.
Are we there yet? A guide to achieving endemic status for COVID‐19 and variants
Authors: McDonald Tracey 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimTo clarify factors that support a policy change from pandemic to endemic status and to examine options for non‐medical responses to reduce COVID‐19 transmission.BackgroundCritical factors to be considered in pandemic response decisions are not limited to medical options or public health orders, although these are important.Sources of evidenceAll evidence drawn from publicly available sources is presented through the lens of the authors’ nursing, management, education, policy and research experience.DiscussionAs COVID‐19 variants cause infections to surge nurses and other health practitioners, who are the de facto implementers of public and health policy, need to consider the evidence supporting a pandemic policy change to endemic status. Non‐medical options for reducing transmission and variant mutations are needed to enable at‐risk populations to avoid infection.ConclusionPublic policy that shifts infection risks onto the general population requires close scrutiny of the evidence base for such decisions and warrants open debate and review. If people are to manage risks arising from policy decisions, they need access to non‐medical virus detection options as well as access to effective medicines and treatment.Implications for nursing practiceNurses have an extension to their advocacy role when policy changes about infectious disease status are declared. Evaluation of policy in terms of validity, equity and scientific basis is part of nursing's public responsibility. Policies that fail to reflect what is happening at the patient care level need to be questioned and modified where necessary. Only policies deemed ‘good’ policy by nurses should be implemented without challenge. Access to devices for environmental detection of the virus would enable real‐time estimation of infection risks and inform individual decisions about the real risk of participating in work or other activities.Implications for health and social policyPolicy decisions to transition from pandemic to endemic status must be evidence based. Clear messaging about risks and options assists policy implementation. Terminologies describing stages of infectious disease spread from ‘outbreak, epidemic, endemic and pandemic’ are not interchangeable, although they will expand and contract across the range in response to interventions such as public health safety measures (PHSM), quarantine, vaccinations, antivirals and fatalities that alter the case count in defined locations for those who avoid or survive an infection.
Initial experience with stylet‐driven versus lumenless lead delivery systems for left bundle branch area pacing
Authors: Braunstein Eric D. , Kagan Ruth D. , Olshan David S. , Gabriels James K. , Thomas George , Ip James E. , Markowitz Steven M. , Lerman Bruce B. , Liu Christopher F. , Cheung Jim W. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionLeft bundle branch area pacing (LBBP) has emerged as an alternative method for conduction system pacing. While initial experience with delivery systems for stylet‐driven and lumenless lead implantation for LBBP has been described, data comparing outcomes of stylet‐driven versus lumenless lead implantation for LBBP are limited. In this study, we compare success rates and outcomes of LBBP with stylet‐driven versus lumenless lead delivery systems.MethodsEighty‐three consecutive patients (mean age 74.1 ± 11.2 years; 56 [68%] male) undergoing attempted LBBP at a single institution were identified. Cases were grouped by lead delivery systems used: stylet‐driven (n = 53) or lumenless (n = 30). Baseline characteristics and procedural findings were recorded and compared between the cohorts. Intermediate term follow‐up data on ventricular lead parameters were also compared.ResultsBaseline characteristics were similar between groups. Successful LBBP was achieved in 77% of patients, with similar success rates between groups (76% in stylet‐driven, 80% in lumenless, p = 0.79), and rates of adjudicated LBB capture and other paced QRS parameters were also similar. Compared with the lumenless group, the stylet‐driven group had significantly shorter procedure times (90 ± 4 vs. 112 ± 31 min, p = 0.004) and fluoroscopy times (10 ± 5 vs. 15 ± 6 min, p = 0.003). Ventricular lead parameters at follow‐up were similar, and rates of procedural complications and need for lead revision were low in both groups.ConclusionDelivery systems for stylet‐driven and for lumenless leads for LBBP have comparable acute success rates. Long‐term follow‐up of lead performance following use of the various delivery systems is warranted.
Left atrial epicardial adipose tissue exacerbates electrical conduction disturbance in normal‐weight patients undergoing pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Yamada Shinya , Kaneshiro Takashi , Nodera Minoru , Amami Kazuaki , Nehashi Takeshi , Takeishi Yasuchika 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionEpicardial adipose tissue (EAT) exacerbates both electrical and structural remodeling in obese atrial fibrillation (AF) patients, but the impacts of EAT on atrial arrhythmogenicity remain unclear in normal‐weight AF patients. Therefore, we sought to investigate this issue using electroanatomic mapping.Methods and ResultsWe enrolled drug‐refractory 105 paroxysmal AF patients in the normal body mass index range (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), who had undergone electroanatomic mapping after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). One day before PVI, we assessed P‐wave duration in a 12‐lead electrocardiogram and left atrial (LA)‐EAT volumes using contrast‐enhanced computed tomography. The patients were divided into two groups based on the median LA‐EAT volume (16.0 ml); the high LA‐EAT group (≥16.0 ml, n = 53) and low LA‐EAT group (<16.0 ml, n = 52). We compared P‐wave duration, LA conduction velocity and bipolar voltage, the presence of low‐voltage zone (<0.5 mV), and LA volume index on echocardiography between the two groups. The LA bipolar voltage, low‐voltage zone, and LA volume index were not different between the high and low LA‐EAT groups. However, P‐wave duration was significantly longer in the high group than in the low group (p < .001). Additionally, the LA conduction velocity was significantly more depressed in the high group than in the low group (p < .001). Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that LA‐EAT volume was correlated with P‐wave duration (β = .367, p < .001) and conduction velocity (β = −.566, p < .001), respectively.ConclusionsIncreased LA‐EAT volumes were associated with electrical conduction disturbance after PVI in normal‐weight patients with AF. P‐wave duration may be a clinically useful predictor of LA‐EAT.
Parental suicide attempts and offspring mental health problems in childhood and adolescence
Authors: Ortin‐Peralta Ana , Kerkelä Martta , Veijola Juha , Gissler Mika , Sourander Andre , Duarte Cristiane S. 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundThe relationship between parental suicide attempts and offspring suicide risk has been established. However, the impact of parental suicide attempts on mental health problems in offspring as youth remains unexplored. This study examined the prospective association between parental suicide attempts and offspring internalizing, externalizing, and attention/hyperactivity problems in childhood and adolescence. We also examined how offspring mental health problems in childhood mediated the association between parental suicide attempts and offspring mental health problems in adolescence.MethodsA subsample of 6,381 (48.4% female) cohort members with complete data on mental health problems in childhood and adolescence was extracted from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 Study. Offspring mental health problems were assessed via teacher's Rutter B2 scale during the childhood assessment (child's age of 8) and the Youth Self‐Report scale (child's age of 15/16). Information about first parental suicide attempts was collected using ICD codes from hospital discharge records.ResultsLifetime parental suicide attempts during the study period (N = 95) were associated with offspring internalizing, externalizing, and attention/hyperactivity problems in adolescence. Parental suicide attempts before the childhood assessment (N = 55) were associated with offspring behavioral problems in childhood [B (95% CI) = .64 (0.08–1.28)]. In the mediation models, parental suicide attempts before the childhood assessment had a significant indirect effect on offspring externalizing [B (95% CI) = .03 (0.01–0.05)] and attention/hyperactivity problems [B (95% CI) = .02 (0.01–0.04)] in adolescence via offspring behavioral problems in childhood.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the importance of assessing and monitoring mental health problems in offspring whose parents have been hospitalized for attempting suicide. Among children with behavioral problems, clinicians should inquire about parental history of suicide attempts, as children with familial vulnerability to suicide may develop externalizing and attention/hyperactivity problems in adolescence.
Mixed support for an alignment between phenotypic plasticity and genetic differentiation in damselfly wing shape
Authors: Johansson Frank , Berger David , Outomuro David , Sniegula Szymon , Tunon Meagan , Watts Phillip C. , Rohner Patrick Thomas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe relationship between genetic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity can provide information on whether plasticity generally facilitates or hinders adaptation to environmental change. Here, we studied wing shape variation in a damselfly (Lestes sponsa) across a latitudinal gradient in Europe that differed in time constraints mediated by photoperiod and temperature. We reared damselflies from northern and southern populations in the laboratory using a reciprocal transplant experiment that simulated time‐constrained (i.e. northern) and unconstrained (southern) photoperiods and temperatures. After emergence, adult wing shape was analysed using geometric morphometrics. Wings from individuals in the northern and southern populations differed significantly in shape when animals were reared in their respective native environment. Comparing wing shape across environments, we found evidence for phenotypic plasticity in wing shape, and this response differed across populations (i.e. G × E interactions). This interaction was driven by a stronger plastic response by individuals from the northern population and differences in the direction of plastic wing shape changes among populations. The alignment between genetic and plastic responses depended on the specific combination of population and rearing environment. For example, there was an alignment between plasticity and genetic differentiation under time‐constrained, but not under non‐time‐constrained conditions for forewings. We thus find mixed support for the hypothesis that environmental plasticity and genetic population differentiation are aligned. Furthermore, although our laboratory treatments mimicked the natural climatic conditions at northern and southern latitudes, the effects of population differences on wing shape were two to four times stronger than plastic effects. We discuss our results in terms of time constraints and the possibility that natural and sexual selection is acting differently on fore‐ and hindwings.
Comparative genomics of Edwardsiella anguillarum and Edwardsiella piscicida isolated in Taiwan enables the identification of distinctive features and potential virulence factors using Oxford‐Nanopore MinION® sequencing
Authors: Byadgi Omkar Vijay , Rahmawaty Atiek , Wang Pei‐Chi , Chen Shih‐Chu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEdwardsiella tarda (ET) and Edwardsiella anguillarum (EA) are the most harmful bacterial fish pathogens in Taiwan. However, there is confusion regarding the genotypic identification of E. tarda and E. piscicida (EP). Therefore, we used a novel Nanopore MinION MK1C platform to sequence and compare the complete genomes of E. piscicida and E. anguillarum. The number of coding genes, rRNA, and tRNA recorded for E. anguillarum and E. piscicida were 8322, 25, and 98, and 5458, 25, and 98, respectively. Ribosomal multilocus sequence typing (rMLST) for E. piscicida indicated 35 rps. The shared clusters between E. anguillarum and E. piscicida indicated several unique clusters for the individual genomes. The phylogenetic tree analysis for all complete genomes indicated that E. anguillarum and E. piscicida were placed into two species‐specific genotypes. Distribution of subsystems for annotated genomes found that genes related to virulence, defence, and disease for E. anguillarum were 103 and those for E. piscicida were 60 and pathogenic islands (PI) were 498 and 225, respectively. Vaccine candidates were identified in silico from the core genes using high antigenic, solubility, and secretion probabilities. Altogether, the genome data revealed distinctive features between E. anguillarum and E. piscicida, which suggest different pathogenicity and thus the need for separate preventive strategies.
Design and analysis of new solar‐powered sustainable dryers: Alfalfa crop
Authors: Koşan Meltem , Karaca Dolgun Gülşah , Aktekeli Burak , Sacilik Kamil , Aktaş Mustafa 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDecreasing carbon emissions is possible with the usage of renewable energy sources. Therefore, the usage of renewable energy has increased in the last decade. Due to the fact that the drying process of agricultural products consumes a significant amount of energy, fossil fuel consumption can be reduced by using the solar dryer. In this study, two novel solar drying systems were designed and tested for alfalfa drying. Experiments were carried out in two different drying systems double‐pass solar air collector (DPSAC) and photovoltaic thermal solar air collector (PVT). In order to increase the heat transfer surface area, unlike the literature, a drying chamber consisting of two intertwined cylinders was designed and manufactured. The aims of this study are to bring the drying kinetics of alfalfa and the performance, energy, and exergy analysis of the designed system to the literature. The effective moisture diffusivity values were found to be in the range of 9.13 × 10−14 to 1.06 × 10−9 and the value for the highest drying rate was determined as 2.53 × 10−2gwater/gdrymatter.min. The highest thermal efficiency was obtained from DPSAC experiment as 73.7%, while the highest COP value was obtained from the PVT experiment as 12.5. The DPSAC dryer has shown the best performance in drying the alfalfa. The outcomes of the present study demonstrate that the use of DPSAC dryer is suitable when only heat energy is required for the drying system and the use of PVT when both heat and electrical energy are required. It is recommended that these systems can be used together in off‐grid agricultural areas.Practical applicationsAlfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), a type of forage crop, is a delicious, high‐energy, and protein food source for dairy cattle. By drying the alfalfa with high nutritional value in a quality method, several beneficial minerals and vitamins are preserved. The drying process is used since ancient times for the protection of the food material and for storage without degradation. Alfalfa is dried in two new solar‐powered sustainable dryers making an important contribution to reducing carbon emissions as well as providing cleaner and more reliable drying methods compared to the conventional solar drying method. This study presents an alternative for the drying process with high energy efficiency for food drying processes, according to the necessity of using both heat and electrical energy. In addition, sustainable solar dryers in this study can be used for drying agricultural products, textile, industry and dewatering municipal waste.
Are online reviews of assisted living communities associated with patient‐centered outcomes?
Authors: Mao Yunjiao , Li Yue , McGarry Brian , Wang Jinjiao , Temkin‐Greener Helena 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundExisting literature on online reviews of healthcare providers generally portrays online reviews as a useful way to disseminate information on quality. However, it remains unknown whether online reviews for assisted living (AL) communities reflect AL care quality. This study examined the association between AL online review ratings and residents' home time, a patient‐centered outcome.MethodsMedicare beneficiaries who entered AL communities in 2018 were identified. The main outcome is resident home time in the year following AL admission, calculated as the percentage of time spent at home (i.e., not in institutional care setting) per day being alive. Additional outcomes are the percentage of time spent in emergency room, inpatient hospital, nursing home, and inpatient hospice. AL online Google reviews for 2013–2017 were linked to 2018–2019 Medicare data. AL average rating score (ranging 1–5) and rating status (no‐rating, low‐rating, and high‐rating) were generated using Google reviews. Linear regression models and propensity score weighting were used to examine the association between online reviews and outcomes. The study sample included 59,831 residents in 12,143 ALs.ResultsResidents were predominately older (average 81.2 years), non‐Hispanic White (90.4%), and female (62.9%), with 17% being dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid. From 2013 to 2017, ALs received an average rating of 4.1 on Google, with a standard deviation of 1.1. Each one‐unit increase in the AL's average online rating was associated with an increase in residents' risk‐adjusted home time by 0.33 percentage points (p < 0.001). Compared with residents in ALs without ratings, residents in high‐rated ALs (average rating ≥4.4) had a 0.64 pp (p < 0.001) increase in home time.ConclusionsHigher online rating scores were positively associated with residents' home time, while the absence of ratings was associated with reduced home time. Our results suggest that online reviews may be a quality signal with respect to home time.
How Does Monetary Policy Affect Welfare? Some New Estimates Using Data on Life Evaluation and Emotional Well‐Being
Authors: EL‐JAHEL LINA , MACCULLOCH ROBERT , SHAFIEE HAMED 
Published: December 2022

AbstractModels on the optimal design of monetary policy typically rely on a welfare loss function defined over unemployment and inflation. We estimate such a function using two different dimensions of well‐being. The first evaluates how close one is to “the best possible life” on a ladder scale. The second captures the emotional quality of everyday experiences. Our Gallup World Poll sample covers 1.5 million people in 141 nations from 2005 to 2019. Unemployment and inflation reduce well‐being across all measures. The ratio of the unemployment‐to‐inflation effect is 6.2 for the “Ladder‐of‐Life.” It is lower for positive day‐to‐day experiences and higher for negative ones.
Leptospirosis‐induced acute acquired inflammatory neuropathy
Authors: Xucla‐Ferrarons Tomas , Turon‐Sans Janina , Caballero‐Avila Marta , Cortes‐Vicente Elena , Rojas‐Garcia Ricard 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLeptospirosis is a zoonotic infection that can present with neurological manifestations. Although uncommon, it may affect the peripheral nervous system in the form of polyradiculoneuropathy. We report the case of a 30‐year‐old male who developed flaccid tetraparesis and multiple cranial neuropathies on the fourteenth day of admission to the intensive care unit for fever and multi‐organ failure. We also review the existing literature about peripheral nerve damage in leptospirosis and present our hypothesis on the possible pathogenic mechanisms. Electrophysiological findings were consistent with acute demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy and extensive blood tests were positive for leptospiral IgM and IgG antibodies. Treatment with plasmapheresis was begun, followed by intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), and the patient improved slowly. Our work adds to the evidence of leptospirosis infection as a cause of acute demyelinating polyneuropathy. The possibility that leptospirosis‐polyradiculoneuropathy may be caused by an immune pathogenesis emphasizes the importance of identifying this entity because immunomodulatory therapy could play a vital role in the recovery process.