bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic field fluctuations in the shocked umbral chromosphere
Authors: Felipe T. , González Manrique S. J. , Sangeetha C. R. , Asensio Ramos A. 
Published: July 2023

Context.Umbral chromospheric observations show the presence of magnetoacoustic shocks. Several recent studies have reported magnetic field fluctuations associated with these shock waves. The mechanism behind these periodic magnetic field changes is still an unresolved question.Aims.We aim to study the properties and origin of magnetic field fluctuations in the umbral chromosphere.Methods.Temporal series of spectropolarimetric observations were acquired with the GREGOR telescope on 2017 June 18. The chromospheric and photospheric conditions, including the temporal evolution of the magnetic field, were derived from simultaneous inversions of the He I10 830 Å triplet and the Si I10 827 Å line using the HAZEL2 code. The oscillations were interpreted using wavelet analysis and context information from ultraviolet observations acquired with the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO/AIA) and the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS).Results.The chromospheric magnetic field shows strong fluctuations in the sunspot umbra, with peak field strengths of up to 2900 G. This inferred field strength is comparable to the magnetic field strength in the upper photosphere. Magnetic field and velocity umbral oscillations exhibit a strong coherence, with the magnetic field lagging the shock fronts detected in the velocity fluctuations. This points to a common origin of the fluctuations in both parameters, and the analysis of the phase shift between photospheric and chromospheric velocity is consistent with upward wave propagation. These results suggest that the strong inferred magnetic field fluctuations are caused by changes in the response height of the He I10 830 Å line to the magnetic field, which is sensitive to the high photosphere during and right after the shock. The analysis of extreme ultraviolet data shows a weak brightening in a coronal loop rooted in the umbra around the time of the measured magnetic field fluctuations. This coronal activity could possibly have some impact on the inferred fluctuations, but it is not the main driver of the magnetic field oscillations since they are found before the extreme ultraviolet event takes place.Conclusions.Chromospheric magnetic field fluctuations measured with the He I10 830 Å triplet arise due to variations in the opacity of the line. After strong shocks are produced by the propagation of slow magnetoacoustic waves, the response of the line to the magnetic field can be shifted down to the upper photosphere. This is seen as remarkably large fluctuations in the line-of-sight magnetic field strength.
Failed supernovae as a natural explanation for the binary black hole mass distribution
Authors: Disberg P. , Nelemans G. 
Published: July 2023

Context. As the number of detected gravitational wave sources increases, the better we can understand the mass distribution of binary black holes (BBHs). This “stellar graveyard” shows several features, including an apparent mass gap that makes the distribution bimodal. In turn, the observed chirp mass distribution appears to be trimodal.
Aims. We aim to investigate the extent to which we can explain the observed mass distribution based on stellar evolution, specifically with the hypothesis that the mass gap is caused by the difference between successful and failed supernovae (SNe).
Methods. We posed a hypothetical remnant function, based on the literature of stellar evolution simulations, which relates initial mass to remnant mass, while including a “black hole island” and producing a bimodal remnant distribution. Moreover, we looked at observed type II SN rates in an attempt to detect the effect of failed SNe. Finally, using a simplified estimation of binary evolution, we determined the remnant distribution resulting from our remnant function and compared it with observations.
Results. We find that failed SNe lower type II SN rates by approximately 25%, but the inferred rate from SN surveys is not accurate enough to confirm this. Furthermore, our estimation based on the remnant function produces a mass distribution that matches the general shape of the observed distributions of individual as well as chirp masses.
Conclusions. Based on our research, we conclude that the failed SN mechanism and the presence of the black hole island are a natural hypothesis for explaining the individual BBH mass distribution and chirp mass distribution. However, to obtain a firmer conclusion, more detailed simulations are needed.
Aether scalar tensor theory confronted with weak lensing data at small accelerations
Authors: Mistele T. , McGaugh S. , Hossenfelder S. 
Published: July 2023

Context.The recently proposed aether scalar tensor (AeST) model reproduces both the successes of particle dark matter on cosmological scales and those of modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) on galactic scales. But the AeST model reproduces MOND only up to a certain maximum galactocentric radius. Since MOND is known to fit very well to observations at these scales, this raises the question of whether the AeST model comes into tension with data.Aims.We tested whether or not the AeST model is in conflict with observations using a recent analysis of data for weak gravitational lensing.Methods.We solved the equations of motion of the AeST model, analyzed the solutions’ behavior, and compared the results to observational data.Results.The AeST model shows some deviations from MOND at the radii probed by weak gravitational lensing. The data show no clear indication of these predicted deviations.
A method to deconvolve stellar profiles
Authors: Escárate P. , Curé M. , Araya I. , Coronel M. , Cedeño A. L. , Celedon L. , Cavieres J. , Agüero J. C. , Arcos C. , Cidale L. S. , Levenhagen R. S. , Pezoa R. , Simón-Díaz S. 
Published: July 2023

Context. Currently, one of the standard procedures used to determine stellar and wind parameters of massive stars involves to comparing the observed spectral lines with a grid of synthetic lines. These synthetic lines are calculated using non-local thermodynamic equilibrium radiative transfer codes. In this standard procedure, after estimating the stellar-projected rotational speed (v sin i), all synthetic models need to be convolved using this value in order to perform the comparison with the observed line and estimate the stellar parameters.
Aims. In this work, we propose a methodology to deconvolve the observed line profile to one from a non-rotating star. Thus, to perform a comparison, we will not need to convolve all the synthetic profiles, saving significant time and resources.
Methods. The proposed deconvolution method is based on transforming this inverse problem into an optimization of a direct problem. We propose using a Gaussian sum approximation (GSA) to obtain the line profile without the broadening effect due to stellar rotation. After selecting the most adequate model to derive the fundamental GSA parameters, we convolved it with the known v sin i in order to obtain the profile considering the v sin i. Finally, we compared this approximated line profile directly with the observed spectrum.
Results. The performance of the proposed method is analyzed using synthetic and observed lines. The results show that the proposed deconvolution method yields accurate non-rotating profiles.
Conclusions. The proposed approach utilizing GSA is an accurate method to deconvolve spectral lines.
Discovery and physical characterization as the first response to a potential asteroid collision: The case of 2023 DZ2
Authors: Popescu Marcel M. , Văduvescu O. , de León J. , de la Fuente Marcos C. , de la Fuente Marcos R. , Stănescu M. O. , Alarcon M. R. , Serra Ricart M. , Licandro J. , Berteşteanu D. , Predatu M. , Curelaru L. , Barwell F. , Jhass K. , Boldea C. , Aznar Macías A. , Hudin L. , Dumitru B. A. 
Published: July 2023

Context. Near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) that may evolve into impactors deserve detailed threat assessment studies. Early physical characterization of a would-be impactor may help in optimizing impact mitigation plans. We first detected NEA 2023 DZ2 on 27 February 2023. After that, it was found to have a minimum orbit intersection distance (MOID) with Earth of 0.00005 au as well as an unusually high initial probability of becoming a near-term (in 2026) impactor.
Aims. We perform a rapid but consistent dynamical and physical characterization of 2023 DZ2 as an example of a key response to mitigating the consequences of a potential impact.
Methods. We used a multi-pronged approach, drawing from various methods (observational-computational) and techniques (spectroscopy-photometry from multiple instruments), and bringing the data together to perform a rapid and robust threat assessment.
Results. The visible reflectance spectrum of 2023 DZ2 is consistent with that of an X-type asteroid. Light curves of this object obtained on two different nights give a rotation period P = 6.2743 ± 0.0005 min with an amplitude A = 0.57 ± 0.14 mag. We confirm that although its MOID is among the smallest known, 2023 DZ2 will not impact Earth in the foreseeable future as a result of secular near-resonant behaviour.
Conclusions. Our investigation shows that coordinated observation and interpretation of disparate data provides a robust approach from discovery to threat assessment when a virtual impactor is identified. We prove that critical information can be obtained within a few days after the announcement of the potential impactor.
The GAPS programme at TNG
Authors: Fossati L. , Biassoni F. , Cappello G. M. , Borsa F. , Shulyak D. , Bonomo A. S. , Gandolfi D. , Haardt F. , Koskinen T. , Lanza A. F. , Nascimbeni V. , Sicilia D. , Young M. , Aresu G. , Bignamini A. , Brogi M. , Carleo I. , Claudi R. , Cosentino R. , Guilluy G. , Knapic C. , Malavolta L. , Mancini L. , Nardiello D. , Pinamonti M. , Pino L. , Poretti E. , Rainer M. , Rigamonti F. , Sozzetti A. 
Published: July 2023

Aims. We aim to extract the transmission spectrum of the HI Balmer lines of the ultra-hot Jupiter (UHJ) KELT-20b/MASCARA-2b from observations and to further compare the results with what was obtained through forward modelling, accounting for non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) effects.
Methods. We extracted the line profiles from six transits obtained with the HARPS-N high-resolution spectrograph attached to the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo telescope. We computed the temperature-pressure (TP) profile employing the HELIOS code in the lower atmosphere and the CLOUDY NLTE code in the middle and upper atmosphere. We further used CLOUDY to compute the theoretical planetary transmission spectrum in LTE and NLTE for comparison with observations.
Results. We detected the Hα (0.79±0.03%; 1.25 Rp), Ηβ (0.52±0.03%; 1.17 Rp), and Ηγ (0.39±0.06%; 1.13 Rp) lines, and we detected the Ηδ line at almost 4σ (0.27±0.07%; 1.09 Rp). The models predict an isothermal temperature of ≈2200 K at pressures >10−2 bar and of ≈7700 K at pressures <10−8 bar, with a roughly linear temperature rise in between. In the middle and upper atmosphere, the NLTE TP profile is up to ~3000 K hotter than in LTE. The synthetic transmission spectrum derived from the NLTE TP profile is in good agreement with the observed HI Balmer line profiles, validating our obtained atmospheric structure. Instead, the synthetic transmission spectrum derived from the LTE TP profile leads to significantly weaker absorption compared to the observations.
Conclusions. Metals appear to be the primary agents leading to the temperature inversion in UHJs, and the impact of NLTE effects on them increases the magnitude of the inversion. We find that the impact of NLTE effects on the TP profile of KELT-20b/MASCARA-2b is larger than for the hotter UHJ KELT-9b, and thus NLTE effects might also be relevant for planets cooler than KELT-20b/MASCARA-2b.
The first reported case of a patient with small cell lung cancer treated with fan beam computed tomography-guided online adaptive radiotherapy
Authors: Zheng Shuohan , Jiang Xiaobo , Huang Sijuan , Yang Xin , Cai Wenpei , Li Binghuan , He Shumeng , Li Hua , Chen Ming 
Published: July 2023

Adaptive radiotherapy (ART) allows control of dosimetric impact of patient anatomical and functional variations over the treatment course, to minimize normal tissue exposure and maximize dose delivery to tumor. We present the first reported case of fan beam computed tomography (FBCT)-guided online ART for the treatment of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). A 62-year-old woman was diagnosed with histologically proven limited-stage SCLC. During definitive radiochemotherapy (50 Gy in daily fractions of 2.5 Gy), the tumor shrinkage resulted in an unexpected dose escalation to organs at risk (OAR). To correct the dose change, she received an online ART treatment session in our center with four-dimensional FBCT before the 12th fraction was delivered. The application of online ART, including imaging, recontouring and replanning, was feasible as the total treatment time was <25 min. Further research is warranted to verify the benefit of online ART in individualized treatment.
Prüfungsthema: Augen
Authors: Schmid Eva C. 
Published: July 2023

SummaryLiebe Heilpraktikeranwärter – mit diesen Karteikarten wollen wir Sie bei der Vorbereitung auf die mündliche Heilpraktikerüberprüfung unterstützen. Viel Erfolg beim Lernen wünscht Ihnen HP Eva C. Schmid!
Konstitution – Disposition – Diathese
Authors: Reimann Harald 
Published: July 2023

SummaryDie Konstitution zeigt sich bereits beim ersten Blick in das Auge und gliedert sich in lymphatische (blaue Iris), hämatogene (braune Iris) und Mischkonstitution. Die Disposition betrifft vorwiegend Strukturen (Strukturgene) und unterscheidet neuronale, mesenchymale oder glanduläre Schwächen. Diathesen beschreiben vor allem die Regulation (Regulatorgene) und untergliedern sich insbesondere in vegetativ-spastische, exsudative, lipämische Übersäuerungs-, Kompensations- und Stauungsdiathesen.
Direkte Einblicke
Authors: Jahn Claus 
Published: July 2023

SummaryDie Ursachen für Kopfschmerzen und Migräne können sehr unterschiedlich sein. Im normalen Praxisalltag ist es nicht einfach, die komplexen Hintergründe zu eruieren und die Schmerzen zielgerichtet zu therapieren. Um die Individualität der Symptomentwicklung erfassen und einordnen zu können, hat sich allerdings die Iridologie bewährt. Sie liefert Hinweise, die Rückschlüsse auf den gesamten Organismus der Betroffenen zulassen. Wie die iridologische Summationsanalyse zu einem sinnvollen Therapiekonzept bei Kopfschmerzen oder Migräne beitragen kann, zeigen die hier vorgestellten Praxisfälle.
Gender Affirmation Surgery of the Face for the Transfeminine Patient
Authors: Donaldson Lane , Wulu Jacqueline , Garcia-Rodriguez Laura 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis article discusses the aspects of facial feminine affirmation surgery including forehead reconstruction, midface feminization, and lower face/neck feminization. We will present a brief history of gender affirmation. We discuss the anatomical differences between born XY males and XX females and discuss the subsequent procedures that aim at feminizing the face. The effects of silicone injections are also discussed as this was a trend in the past to feminize the face. Understandably so we discuss the anatomical differences as being a fluid expression and differences based on ethnic background.
Continuous-Flow Regioselective Reductive Alkylation of Oxindole with Alcohols and Aldehydes in a Fast and Economical Manner
Authors: Mándity István , Volk Balázs , Mándoki András , Orsy György , Pászti Zoltán , Porcs-Makkay Márta , Bogdán Dóra , Simig Gyula 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOxindole is a widely used scaffold in drug discovery, which can be found in several marketed drugs, among them sunitinib and ziprasidone. Thus, the derivatization of oxindole is of considerable current interest. The extreme reaction conditions (high temperature, high pressure) described in the literature for the batchwise regioselective multistep 3-alkylation of oxindole with alcohols in the presence of Raney nickel motivated us to develop a robust, time- and cost-efficient continuous-flow variant for this reaction. In addition, the continuous-flow technology was also extended to the reductive 3-alkylation of oxindole with aldehydes. The elaborated methodology allows the safe use of Raney nickel, an inexpensive and widely applied, albeit pyrophoric catalyst. Under the optimized reaction conditions, 10 oxindole derivatives were synthesized ranging from simple 3-alkyl to 3-aralkyl derivatives including two (trifluoromethyl)benzyl congeners. The technology is considerably robust and the catalyst showed a long-term usability. The model reaction between oxindole and acetaldehyde could be run for 16 hours uninterruptedly, rendering possible the efficient ethylation of about 20 g of oxindole utilizing only approximately 800 mg of Raney nickel.
Improved Syntheses of an Arseno-Fatty Acid (As-FA 362) and an Arseno-Hydrocarbon (As-HC 444)
Authors: Deonarine Amrika , Findlater Michael , Chacon-Teran Miguel A. , Bhattacharjee Shubhra , Bailoo Jeremy D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRobust and reliable synthetic methods have been developed for the preparation of an arseno-fatty acid (As-FA362) and an arseno-hydrocarbon (As-HC444). An improved route to access the starting materials necessary for the new synthetic routes is also disclosed. With these improvements, an increased accessibility to arsenic-containing compounds is anticipated, which may be deployed as standards required for the development of quantitative methods in biological matrices. For the first time, stability data for these compounds are reported. With these results in hand, data on the elimination profile, bioaccumulation potential and patho-behavioral and physiological consequences of these organoarsenicals are planned.
Vitamin D May Play a Vital Role in Alleviating Type 2 Diabetes
Mellitus by Modulating the Ferroptosis Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhang Qiong-Wen , Wang Yan , Tong Zi-Ying , Li Cui-Ping , He Lian-Ping 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFerroptosis is an iron-dependent death mode mediated by the aggregation of lipid
peroxides and lipid-reactive oxygen species. It is characterized by
iron-dependent lipid peroxide accumulation accompanied by oxidoreductase
deficiency. Pancreatic beta cell dysfunction and insulin resistance are two
major causes of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Iron accumulation and
metabolism may play a role in the development of T2DM. The molecular mechanism
of β cell apoptosis and iron death in T2DM were reviewed. In addition,
we discuss recent insights on the relationship between the trace element iron
and apoptosis of β cells in T2DM.
The Two-Tube Method for Treating Thoracogastric Airway Fistula
Authors: Zhang Chenchen , Li Xiaobing , He Zhanfeng , Wang Shuai , Yin Meipan , Ma Yaozhen , Wu Gang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background Thoracogastric airway fistula (TGAF) is a fatal complication after esophagectomy. Without active treatment, patients may die of intractable pneumonia, sepsis, massive hemoptysis, or respiratory failure. We determined the clinical value of the two-tube method that involves the precise interventional placement of the nasojejunal tube (NJT) and nasogastric tube (NGT) for TGAF.
Methods Clinical data of patients with TGAF who had undergone fluoroscopic interventional placement of NJT and NGT were analyzed retrospectively. The paired t-test was used to compare the index values before and after treatment. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
Results In total, 212 patients (177 male and 35 female; mean age, 61.3 ± 7.9 years [47–73]) with TGAF who had undergone the two-tube method were included. Posttreatment chest spiral computed tomography and inflammatory indicators showed significantly improved pulmonary inflammation compared with that before treatment. The patients' general condition remained stable. Of 212 patients, 12 (5.7%) underwent surgical repair, 108 (50.9%) received placement of airway stents, and 92 (43.4%) cases only continued treatment with the two-tube method owing to patients' conditions. In total, 47.8% (44/92) patients died of secondary pulmonary infection, bleeding, and primary tumor progression, whereas 52.2% (48/92) patients survived with both tubes.
Conclusion The two-tube method, which involves the precise interventional placement of the NJT and NGT, is simple, safe, and effective for treating TGAF. This method is a bridge for successive treatments or a treatment itself for patients who are unsuitable for surgical repair or stent placement.
Evaluation of the Patient with Nasal Obstruction
Authors: Taylor Christine B. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPatients often present with a complaint of nasal blockage, either primarily, or in conjunction with aesthetic concerns. The evaluation of the patient with nasal obstruction involves a comprehensive history and a detailed physical examination. The nose is an organ in which form and function are inseparable, and as such, examination of the patient with nasal obstruction must focus not only the internal structures that may cause obstruction of the nasal airway, but also the external structure of the nose as it impacts nasal breathing. Detailed facial analysis and a systematic nasal examination will reveal details regarding nasal obstruction due to internal sources such as septal deviation, turbinate hypertrophy, or nasal lining abnormalities, and structural abnormalities such as nasal valve collapse or external nasal deformity. This approach, in categorizing each component of the nasal exam and its findings, allows the surgeon to formulate an appropriate treatment plan that emerges from the details of the examination.
Second language listening pedagogy
Authors: Bagheri Morteza , East Martin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study explored how teachers undertook listening instruction with learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) through investigating teachers’ authentic classroom practices. Eight experienced EFL teachers working in Iranian private language schools participated in the study. Each teacher was observed six to nine times and each complete teaching session of each of the participants was audio-recorded. Findings revealed that teachers had knowledge of an extensive repertoire of listening techniques, and their teaching was composed of strategies at pre-, during-, and post-listening stages. Teachers also mostly drew on metacognitive and comprehension-based practices. While teachers employed a number of metacognitive classroom practices, there was a lack of teaching and explicitly discussing these strategies. Findings provide some pedagogical implications for novice teachers with regard to expanding their repertoires of practice and employing various classroom activities. The findings might also help inform teacher educators and curriculum developers regarding classroom realities and the extent to which research findings can inform teaching methods and classroom practices.
Combined static and sliding friction on an inclined plane
Authors: Cross Rod 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The friction force on a circular object rolling without sliding down an inclined plane is due to static friction. If the object commences in a sliding mode at the top of the incline, and if the incline angle is small, then a small additional sliding friction force arises to reduce the sliding speed of the contact point to zero if the incline is sufficiently long. While the object is sliding, the total friction force is equal to the static friction force plus the sliding friction force. The effect is described theoretically and is supported by measurements of the linear and angular velocities of a ball that commences to slide down a smooth incline.