bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ASSOCIATIONS OF GAIT CHARACTERISTICS AND VARIABILITY WITH WALKING EFFICIENCY IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Liu Fangyu , Cai Yurun , Skow Laura , Wanigatunga Amal , Tian Qu , Simonsick Eleanor , Schrack Jennifer 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Higher energetic cost of walking per unit distance has been linked to many adverse health outcomes in older adults. Aging-related changes in gait characteristics have been postulated to contribute to energetic inefficiency, but previous studies focused on younger adults, and/or examined only a few gait characteristics. In the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, 507 older adults ≥50 years (72.3±9.8 years, 48.3% women, 48.3% black) without stroke and Parkinson disease had concurrent measurements of usual-paced gait characteristics using 3D motion analysis and energetic cost of walking using indirect calorimetry during a 2.5-min usual-paced overground walk. We tested the associations of the mean and the coefficient of variance (CV) of cadence (steps/min), swing time (ms), double support time (ms), stance time (ms), step time (ms), step length (cm), and step width (cm) with energetic cost of walking using linear regression models, adjusting for demographics, body composition, comorbidities, and gait speed. We found that a 5-cm shorter step length was associated with 0.40 ml/kg/100m higher cost of walking (p&lt; 0.001). A 1% higher CV in swing time and 1% lower CV in step width was associated with 0.152 ml/kg/100m higher (p=0.044) and 0.023 ml/kg/100m lower (p=0.022) cost of walking, respectively. Our results suggest that mean step length and variability in swing time and step width could potentially contribute to the rising cost of walking in older adults. Future longitudinal studies are needed to understand whether changes in gait variability can predict increased energetic cost of walking and can be intervened to preserve energy efficiency.
GRAY DIVORCE: AN INCREASINGLY COMMON PATH TO UNCOUPLING IN LATER LIFE
Authors: Bildtgård Torbjörn 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Late life divorce is rapidly increasing in large parts of the Western world, in what has been described as a “gray divorce revolution”. In the US the incidence of gray divorce doubled between 1990 and 2010, in Sweden it has more than doubled since the millennium and in Israel it has almost doubled since 1996. Still, gray divorce remains rather invisible both in family sociology, which mainly focuses divorce at earlier ages, and in gerontology, which still tends to view widowhood as the single path to late life uncoupling. This symposium introduces current research on gray divorce and addresses a range of questions, such as: Why do people divorce late in life? How does gray divorce affect later life, including economy, health, support networks and relationships to adult children? How do cultural values shape gray divorce? What is the difference between his and her gray divorce? The presenters represent different countries (the US, Israel and Sweden) and approach the topic of gray divorce with both quantitative and qualitative data.
VOICES OF OUR ELDERS: ATTITUDES, BELIEFS, AND PERSPECTIVES ABOUT RESEARCH IN MINORITY OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Gaillard Trudy , Shambley-Ebron Donna , Garcia Giovanni , Romero Ryan , Neff Donna , Swagger Phildra , Gardier Dawn , Webb Fern 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The U.S. Census Bureau projects that the numbers of adults 65 and older will double from 46 million in 2020 to 90 million by 2050, thus representing the fastest growing segment of the population. However, older adults, especially those from minority groups, remain underrepresented in clinical research. It is imperative to understand what older adults believe about research and research participation to enhance recruitment efforts. The aim of this presentation is to present preliminary findings from our qualitative study which explored the attitudes, beliefs, and perspectives of older minority adults regarding research and research participation. We conducted 12 focus groups via Zoom, in South Florida with minority adults (African American, Caribbean, Hispanic) over the age of 65 (N=49). An interview guide was used to query the participants about their attitudes, beliefs, and perspectives of research and research participation. Focus groups were video-recorded and transcribed. NVivo software was used for data management and analysis. We found that participants: 1) thought research was necessary to expand understanding and knowledge of health conditions; 2) stated research should be conducted by trusted scientific institutions; 3) relied heavily on their adult children for advice regarding research participation; 4) expressed reluctancy regarding invasive procedures; and 5) were influenced by personal experiences when considering research participation. Our preliminary findings suggest that older minority adults believe in the value of research, however, may be hesitant about participating. We propose continued strategies aimed at increasing engagement of minority older adults into health research.
PREDICTED DIFFERENCES OF EPIGENETIC AGE AND DEMENTIA RISK AMONG DIFFERENT TRAJECTORIES OF LONGITUDINAL LONELINESS
Authors: Lynch Morgan , Beam Christopher 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Different trajectories of loneliness in late adulthood may explain differences in the effects of aging on dementia risk. We tested whether greater or increasing loneliness across three time points demonstrated stronger associations between aging and dementia risk in a sample of 1,814 Health and Retirement Study participants. Dementia risk was quantified using modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status scores (TICSm), age was quantified using the epigenetic clock DNAm PhenoAge, and loneliness was measured with the UCLA Loneliness short-form scale. Growth mixture modeling was used to identify loneliness latent classes that best represented trajectories according to model fit statistics. Five groups were identified: low loneliness, high declining, low increasing, moderate and stable, and a moderate declining group. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to test whether class membership differentially predicted TICSm scores, PhenoAge, and the correlation between TICSm and PhenoAge.TICSm scores were statistically significantly lower (worse) for the high-declining compared to the low (-1.08 95% CI [-1.75, -0.42]) and low-increasing groups (-1.63 95% CI [-2.28, -0.98]), and the moderate group was lower than the low-increasing group (-1.11 95% CI [-1.66, -0.57] and the low group (-0.57 [-1.13, -0.002]) (p’s &lt; 0.05). No significant differences in PhenoAge or the correlation between PhenoAge and TICSm were found between groups. Analyses statistically adjusted for demographic characteristics, objective social isolation, depression, BMI, smoking, self-rated health, and polygenic risk score for cognition. Results suggest that epigenome-wide ages are unlikely to mediate the relationship between loneliness and dementia risk.
UNDERSTANDING CHALLENGES OF PERSONS WITH COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS THROUGH THEIR LIVED EXPERIENCES
Authors: Harris Maurita , Lydon Elizabeth , Ramadhani Widya , Mudar Raksha , Rogers Wendy 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Older adults aging with cognitive impairments face a variety of challenges related to their memory, thinking, and concentration in their everyday activities. Understanding their lived experiences s critical to inform the development of technology and supports that can help everyday activities and improve quality of life. We have designed an in-depth interview study to explore the everyday challenges of older adults with cognitive impairments and their response strategies. We will present two case studies to illustrate the richness of the data and its value for guiding intervention design: (1) one older adult with a post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) and (2) one older adult with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). As expected, these individuals reported challenges in different functional activities and described varying solution strategies. The older adult with PSCI noted challenges with completing steps and remembering things when engaging with technology-mediated social activities. This individual reported responding to these challenges by having their own method, such as writing things down or receiving assistance from others. Challenges the older adult with MCI experienced when engaging with technology-mediated social activities, long-distance travel, and caregiving were planning, completing steps, remembering things, and experiencing emotions. This individual responded to their challenges by developing visualizations, methods, routine, and receiving assistance from others. These initial insights about the range of challenges with everyday activities and response strategies highlight the value of qualitative needs assessments in understanding the needs of those aging with cognitive impairment to guide future technology and support.
BENEFITS OF VOLUNTEERING ON RESILIENCE WITH AGING: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Lee Sanghee , Heo Jinmoo , Chun Sanghee 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
As the study of volunteering among older adults continues to evolve, questions of the benefits of volunteering are of growing interest to many researchers. Volunteering may develop resilience in older adults as it can serve as a coping strategy as they recover from adverse events or other life challenges. We explored the perceived benefits of volunteering on resilience in later life among older adults who perform Korean traditional dance on voluntary basis. We used a qualitative design with a case study method. In this study, older adults’ volunteer dance performing was taken as a case. A case design enables researchers to understand social and cultural phenomenon in depth using a wide range of data collection and analysis methods. Thirteen volunteer performers of Korean traditional dance whose ages ranged between 61-74 years were recruited for in-depth interviews (11 females and 2 males). The analysis of the transcripts generated five themes related to the benefits of volunteering: (1) finding a sense of self-worth through serving others, (2) finding a sense of purpose, (3) experiencing gratitude, (4) renewing a younger self, and (5) building companionship. The findings of this study provided an empirical support showing how volunteering experience benefited resilience among the volunteers in the face of challenges associated with aging by maximizing positive physical, social, and psychological outcomes through involvement in voluntary dance performance. The findings also provide guidance for researchers and practitioners in positions to better serve older adults and thereby suggest volunteering as a resilience strategy in later life.
DIGITAL LITERACY AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS IN SOUTH KOREA: A QUALITATIVE STUDY
Authors: Baek Jiwon , Choi JiYeon , Kim Heejung , Hong Soyun , Kim Yesol , Choi Seongmi , Kim Eunkyung 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Digital literacy has gained growing importance in the health agenda. However, the level of digital information use and access among Korean older adults is still low at 54%. It is important to understand digital literacy among older adults to provide healthcare and social connectivity, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: This study aims to explore the digital literacy and identify barriers to learning and using digital devices among community-dwelling older adults in urban South Korea.

Methods
A qualitative study was conducted using a semi-structured interview guide according to the DigComp 2.0 framework which emphasizes the competencies for full digital participation in five categories: information, communication, content creation, safety, and problem solving. Our sample consisted of 14 older adults (age 68 – 79, 12 women).

Results
Participants reported varying competency of using digital devices for search, communication, and self-management of lifestyle and health. They actively sought help from family and community members to troubleshoot issues related to installation, maintenance, setup software or applications. However, they were passive or evasive in the use of digital devices because of concerns about invasion of privacy or personal information. They struggled to use digital devices owing to physical and cognitive changes associated with aging.

Conclusion
Our findings depict current state and barriers of digital literacy in urban older adults in Korea.
A STUDY COMPARING TRENDS IN NUMBER OF AND CONTENT IN ARTICLES ABOUT DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AND ELDER ABUSE IN JAPAN
Authors: Katsumata Asako , Tsukada Noriko 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Since enactment in 2000, Japan’s Domestic Violence (DV) Law has been amended four times. No amendments have been made to Japan’s Elder Abuse Prevention Law, despite awareness of its imperfections. This study examined trends in the number of journal articles, and titles by content of those articles, using a KJ Method, to determine how the research literature has informed DV law, and to identify gaps in knowledge and further research needs related to elder abuse that could inform policy change. Using the CiNii database, in 2005-2021, we found1020 elder abuse articles (average 60 articles/year), and in 2001-2021, 836 DV articles (average 40 articles/year). Preliminary analyses revealed the per year annual average has been decreasing for each. Although the most used term was similar in both DV and elder abuse articles, which was “responses of professional personnel,” 15.4% for elder abuse and 13.4% for DV, title terms differed, with titles of elder abuse articles are more likely to be related to caregiving, such as “support for caregiver” (who are actually abusers) (4.7%) and “dementia” (3.6%), while terms found in DV but not in elder abuse articles included “supports for victims” (7.1%) and “responses to abusers” (5.3%). Our findings indicate that more research on supporting victims of elder abuse may be imperative to inform lder abuse law changes.
AGEISM IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: A REVIEW
Authors: Chu Charlene , Leslie Kathleen , Khan Shehroz , Nyrup Rune , Grenier Amanda 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a major driver of technological development in the 21st century, yet little attention has been paid to algorithmic biases towards older adults. "Digital ageism" is a new form of ageism that is embedded into technology and AI systems. Aim: This review aimed to explore how age-related bias is encoded in AI systems to better understand digital ageism.

Methods
The scoping review follows a six-stage methodology framework developed by Arksey and O'Malley. The search strategy has been established in six databases and we will investigate grey literature databases, targeted websites, popular search engines. An iterative search strategy was used. Studies meet the inclusion criteria if they are in English, peer-reviewed, available electronically in full-text, and included the concepts ‘bias’ and old age. At least two reviewers independently conducted title/abstract screening and full-text screening.

Results
Our database searches resulted in 7 595 manuscripts that underwent title and abstract screening. Of these 49 papers, were included in the study. The word "ageism" was explicitly mentioned only in about half of these papers. Approximately half the papers mentioned how age-related bias could be encoded into AI systems. The most commonly used AI applicaiton was computer vision.

Conclusions
Our preliminary findings contribute foundational knowledge about the age-related biases that were encoded or amplified in AI systems. This work advances how AI can be developed in a manner consistent with ethical values and human rights legislation, particularly as it relates to an older and aging population.
PSYCHOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO IMPENDING AND PAST LOSS OF A LOVED ONE
Authors: Prigerson Holly 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Psychological responses to an impending or recent death have received minimal attention in the research literature. I will present data to demonstrate the high levels of psychological distress (e.g. symptoms of peritraumatic stress, anxiety, depression and grief) reported by caregivers of a loved one with a life-threatening illness. I will report on studies that have examined how grief symptoms change over time, or not, as in the case of symptoms of Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) – a new addition to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders -5-Text Revision (DSM-5-TR). A case will then be made for addressing psychological struggles of caregivers of patients who are dying in the intensive care unit (ICU). I will then present a conceptual model and manual of our psychosocial intervention (EMPOWER), which we designed to reduce symptoms of PGD and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) by targeting symptoms of experiential avoidance and promoting adaptive coping.
FINANCIAL HARDSHIPS AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS DURING COVID: THE MODERATING ROLE OF RESILIENCE
Authors: Helppie-McFall Brooke , Carr Dawn , Taylor Miles , Sonnega Amanda 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Financial hardships during COVID (FHDC) are a particularly salient stressor that older people faced during the pandemic. Financial stress is associated with increased depressive symptoms and may be especially consequential to mental health among older people who have fewer resources (i.e., financially vulnerable). Recent evidence shows that psychological resilience has important protective effects for mental health among older adults who experience major stressors. This study, based on the recently released full 2020 core wave of the Health and Retirement Study, examines the association between having experienced one or more major financial setbacks following the start of the pandemic and depressive symptoms. We evaluate the consequences of FHDC for mental health, how FHDC are associated with previous financial vulnerability, and the role of psychological resilience in shaping the effects of FHDC. Results show that having experienced FHDC is associated with an increase in depressive symptoms. In addition, reporting financial vulnerabilities four years prior to the pandemic was also associated with increased depressive symptoms. Finally, psychological resilience was associated with a significant, protective effect on depressive symptoms, and moderated the consequences of FHDC. Specifically, we find that those who had FHDC and had average or below average resilience experienced significant increases in depressive symptoms, but those with above average resilience did not experience increases in depressive symptoms despite having FHDC, accounting for the consequences of previous financial vulnerabilities. These results suggest that psychological resilience has potential to be a protective resource for mental health consequences of financial stress among older adults.
CULTURAL AND SOCIAL FACTORS IN CARE DELIVERY BY AFRICAN AMERICAN CAREGIVERS OF ADULTS WITH DEMENTIA AND COVID-19
Authors: Udoh Idorenyin , Mpofu Elias 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
African American /Black caregivers make up 13% of the total number of adult caregivers in the United States and 41% more likely to provide help greater than three activities of daily living than other ethnicities. How they perceive socio-cultural factors to influence their care giver roles is less documented. This study aims to synthesize the evidence on the role of culture and social factors in African American caregiver perceptions delivering care to older adults with dementia and COVID-19. Searches of the Ageline, Medline, PsycInfo, Academic search complete Psychology and Behavioral science collection and Google scholar for empirical study publications on socio-cultural factors for dementia care and COVID-19 among African American caregivers yielded six studies. To be included, studies met the following criteria (a) focus on African American caregivers of older adults with dementia and focus on Covid-19 (b) socio-cultural factors (c) perceptions and practices. (d)published between 2019–2022. Studies indicate compassionate care practices by African American caregivers of persons with dementia and Covid-19. African American care givers of persons with dementia and COVID19 perceive caregiving as a responsibility they owe and not a job. They also perceived to be guided by their racial identity and faith beliefs, integrating family values and culture into caregiving. African American carers of persons living with dementia and COVID-19 have compassion and resilient care self-perceptions in caregiving to people with Dementia and COVID-19. Supporting compassionate care delivery by African American carers requires understanding social and cultural factors driving their commitment to quality care.
COVID-19 WIDOWHOOD OR PANDEMIC WIDOWHOOD: EXAMINING THE DIFFERENTIAL IMPLICATIONS FOR MENTAL HEALTH
Authors: Wang Haowei , Smith-Greenaway Emily , Bauldry Shawn , Margolis Rachel , Verdery Ashton 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Millions of COVID-19 widows worldwide face elevated mental health risks that foreshadow worsening physical health and elevated mortality. It remains unknown whether the excess mental health problems for COVID-19 widows are a result of the “bad death” experiences from COVID-19 (e.g., unexpected death and high levels of medical intervention) or pandemic-induced social changes (e.g., social isolation and limited funerals). This study examines whether older adults whose spouses died of COVID-19 disease have worse mental health (self-reported depression, loneliness, and trouble sleeping) than those whose spouses died from causes other than COVID-19 before and during the pandemic. We used Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe data collected before (Wave 8, fielded October 2019 to March 2020) and during the pandemic (COVID-19 Supplement-2, fielded June to August 2021) to compare three groups whose spouses died (a) before the pandemic, (b) from COVID-19 during the pandemic, and (c) from non-COVID-19 causes during the pandemic. We find those spouses died from COVID-19 have higher risks of self-reported depression, loneliness, and trouble sleeping than those losing a spouse before the pandemic. However, losing a spouse due to non-COVID-19 causes during the pandemic is not significantly associated with worse mental health compared to pre-pandemic scenarios. During the pandemic, older adults whose spouses died from COVID-19 report higher risks of loneliness than those spouses died from non-COVID-19 causes. This study suggests losing a spouse due to COVID-19 presents unique mental health risks for older adults, clarifying prior theories about mental health impacts of pandemic bereavement.
BEFORE & AFTER THE 2020 NATIONAL SHUTDOWNS: PANDEMIC EXPERIENCES OF OLDER AMERICAN ADULTS WITH & WITHOUT A DISABILITY
Authors: Farago Fanni 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been drastic changes to people’s day-to-day lives. Following the 2020 U.S. national shutdown, day-to-day life included increased social isolation, COVID-19 anxieties, disruptions to employment, and limited access to staple goods for many. Compared with the general population, the impacts of these changes are much less understood for the aging population, and particularly for older adults with a disability or chronic disease, who are at greater risk of adverse effects from COVID-19 and related circumstances. Drawing on the breaking results of the AARP Vital Voices national survey (n=2071), conducted throughout the pandemic (2019 to 2021), this poster presentation sheds light on the pandemic experiences of older American adults with and without disability or chronic disease. Interesting findings are discussed across age groups and by gender. Overall, the results show notable differences in the social connection experiences of older adults with a disability or chronic disease (n=571) pre-and-post the national shutdown, along with differences in the accessibility of household items, staple foods, and medical care in the wake of the 2020 U.S. national shutdown. The implications of these findings are discussed in the context of related literature.