bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scuffing failure analysis based on a multidisciplinary coupling model and experimental verification
Authors: Lyu Bugao , Meng Xianghui , Yin Jiabao , Cui Yi , Wang Chengen 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
General reductions in lubricant viscosities and increased loads in many machine components mean that the role of tribofilms has become increasingly important to provide adequate surface protection against scuffing. However, the relationship between the scuffing process and the growth and removal of tribofilm has not been systematically demonstrated. In this study, a multidisciplinary coupling model, which includes hydrodynamic lubrication, asperity contact, thermal effect, tribochemistry reaction, friction, and surface wear, was developed to capture the initiation of surface scuffing. Simulations and experiments for a piston ring and cylinder liner contact were conducted following a step-load sequence under different temperature conditions. The results show that high temperature and extreme load could induce the lubricant film collapse, and then the tribofilm breakdown initiates due to the substantially increased removal process. The failures of both lubricant film and tribofilm progress instantaneously in a coupling way, which finally leads to severe scuffing.
Simulations on flowing-gas DPALs with non-equilibrium potassium vapor
Authors: Liu Songyang , Tan Rongqing , Xu Wenning , Ning Fangjin , Li Zhiyong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A new scheme of diode pumped alkali vapor laser (DPAL) which uncouples the temperature and the concentration of alkali vapor is reported. Non-equilibrium instead of saturated potassium vapor is used. The calculation results indicate that the optical-to-optical efficiency of the diode pumped non-equilibrium potassium vapor laser (NE-DPAL) is higher than that of saturated vapor at high power pumping density.
How individuals’ relations and propagation ability affect rumor spreading in themultilayer-like networks
Authors: Li Dandan , Sun Xiaoxiao , Han Dun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
An unprecedented increasing in online ties that are created on social platform makes our social relations andinfluences more complex and diverse. We hereby propose a rumor spreading model in the multilayer-like networks byincorporating strong relations and weak relations in this paper. In particular, two type of fixed topologies are servedto describe the strong relations, and the activity-driven model is used to construct the weak relations. Moreover,the differential individuals’ propagation ability is taken into consider when we present the rumor spreading model.The mean-field theory and an approximation method are employed to theoretically derive the rumor propagationthresholds, which are consistent with the simulation results. Further research results show that the difference ofones’ strong relations can significantly influence rumor propagation. More specifically, we find (i) the density ofrumor spreader reaches the equilibrium in a shorter time, (ii) the final density of rumor spreader is higher, while thestrong relation structure is a heterogeneous network. However, while the strong relation structure is a homogeneousnetwork and the individuals’ activity rate is negatively correlated with their propagation ability, resulting in a easierspreading of rumor. Interestingly, we get the opposite result while the strong relation structure is a heterogeneousnetwork. In addition, individuals’ propagation ability and their weak relations can affect the final density of therumor spreaders, but the effects are not identical.
Protective effects of β-carotene on lipopolysaccharide-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in porcine cumulus cells
Authors: Li Jia , He Yijing , Peng Lei , Lin Qixin , Chu Yajie , Dai Jianjun , Rui Rong , Ju Shiqiang , Li Qiao 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Gram-negative bacterial infection is one of the leading causes of impaired ovarian function and fertility, which is closely related to the adverse effects of the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS). β-Carotene is a natural antioxidant with powerful anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. To explore whether LPS exposure could exert adverse effects on porcine cumulus cells and whether β-carotene could relieve the stress caused by LPS exposure, the porcine cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were treated with 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 µg/mL LPS alone or cotreated with 2.5, 5 and 10 µM β-carotene during in vitro maturation for 44 h. The results show that cumulus expansion was observably inhibited and that the first polar body (PB1) extrusion rate was also significantly decreased when the concentration of LPS reached 10 µg/mL. In addition, higher expression levels of GRP78 and upregulated unfolded protein response (UPR)-related genes (PERK, IRE1, and ATF4) were detected in LPS-treated cumulus cells. Moreover, the proportion of apoptotic cells significantly increased, the expression of the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related apoptotic gene (CHOP) was upregulated, and the downstream apoptotic program was subsequently activated. Conversely, the 5 µM β-carotene cotreatment could effectively alleviate the adverse effects of LPS exposure, showing the improvement of cumulus expansion and PB1 extrusion. Moreover, β-carotene supplementation significantly alleviated LPS-triggered ERS and thus inhibited the subsequent ERS-induced apoptotic program in cumulus cells. Collectively, these results indicated that LPS exposure exerted adverse effects on porcine cumulus cells and that β-carotene could exhibit protective effects on LPS-induced cumulus cell dysfunction by allaying apoptosis via restriction of ERS.
A Enhancing Video Recommendation of Multi-Headed Self-Attentive with Multimodal Features
Authors: Chan Ethan , Liddle Olivia , Pera Emma , Rehman Liam 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The exponential growth of the internet has led to the creation of a large volume of information, making it challenging for users to navigate through. As a solution to this challenge, recommendation systems have emerged. In video recommendation, besides applying some basic interaction data (including image data, behavior data, context data, etc.) to the recommendation model, many studies also try to apply the video content data to the model for video recommendation. In this paper, we propose different types of features for different modal data, and select the most suitable feature types according to different tasks. The internal representation of features is learned by a multi-headed self-attentive mechanism and the cross-representation of features is learned by attention. On the basis of this, the multimodal features of video data are represented and modeled in a unified way, which is the basis for the implementation of multi-view video recommendation. and based on this, we add multimodal video content to mine richer and more comprehensive descriptions, so as to provide more accurate and personalized recommendations. The results of experiments conducted on real data sets demonstrate the effectiveness of the model proposed in this paper.
Overuse Injuries in Professional Cycling: A Cross Sectional Survey (Road and Track Cycling)
Authors: Rakheja Himanshu , Sinha A. G.K. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Cycling is considered as a physical activity that excellently induces the cardiorespiratory and metabolic functions of the whole body and thus offers itself to many paybacks. The level of involvement is more in cycling, and it is an emergent sport. According to the journey of modern times, cycling emerged from an Elite European sport to worldwide partaking sport (Visentini et al., 2003). As the cycling is prone to injury, the overuse injury is a type of injury which occurs more in cycling. It is defined as the event of injury which is not directly related to the traumatic event and occurs due to more use.
Objective
Occurrence of overuse injuries in professional competitive cycling sports was considered as an aim of the study.
Methods – The population included was 102 and the method of data collection was schedule interview. The interview was developed conferring to the kind of injury. According to various research, the injury was accredited in the respective Performa which were framed on the basis of type of injury with respect to its duration.
Results – Among 102 subjects, the results screening (34.5%) subjects as an injured players at the time of collection of data. 20 cyclists were with new occurrence of injury among the total 35 injured cyclists, whereas the 15 cyclists were found to be injured earlier also. The overuse injury 21 (60%) was more predominant in contrast to acute injuries and Knee overuse injury was considered as more dominant among these in contrast to another anatomical location.
Conclusion - Cycling is considered as a hazardous game in which cyclists are more prone to overuse injuries, with more chances of injury in lower extremity and upper-extremity including the trunk along with some factors causing the incidence of injury. The researchers are needed to focus on an extra prospective study on epidemiology of cycling injuries and dimensions of bicycle as hazard factor of prevalence of injury.
Starting Herd Health Programs in Veal Calf Operations
Authors: Gawthrop J.C. 
Published: February 2023

Veal raisers and veterinarians have not worked closely in the past, but there seems to be new interest in using veterinary consultation on the part of the veal raisers. However, the vealers most rapidly consume the services of veterinarians who are interested in their industry and who are willing to learn their system instead of trying to correct the inherent problems with this type of calf rearing. Our profession needs to let the veal industry know what we can do and that we are willing to learn how to do more. It can only be profitable to both groups in the long run.
Professional Liability in Bovine Practice
Authors: Dinsmore Jack R. 
Published: February 2023

The changing scene in veterinary malpractice is one that encompasses not only veterinarians and their modes of practice but also encompasses the livestock industry and companion animals. The profession is governed by economic values as to the service performed while the results expected are often equated to the practice of medicine.
In today's era of consumerism, statements of intent to perform a service are generally taken to imply a guarantee of good results. Although professionals in the health field cannot guarantee the results of surgical, diagnostic, and medical procedures, or the use of drugs or biological agents, legal decisions in recent years increasingly have put veterinarians, like other health professionals at risk of being sued for malpractice. There will always be variables that compound a health problem, confuse the client, and create a potential claim-producing situation. A review of such incidents can help veterinarians guard against situations that predispose to malpractice claims.
Bovine Vaccines
Authors: Schultz Kevin T. , Israel Barbara A. 
Published: February 2023

A vaccine can be defined as an attenuated microorganism, a killed microorganism, or a part or product of a microorganism which is administered to an animal for the prevention, amelioration or treatment of an infectious disease. There are a wide variety of vaccines available to the bovine practitioner for use in cattle, and therefore selecting the most appropriate vaccines for a particular situation can be difficult.
The effectiveness and suitability of a vaccine depends upon the nature of the immune response it generates and on the role that the immune system may play in preventing or regulating the infectious process of a particualr microorganism.
Abstracts
Authors: Whitehead J. G. M. , Smith R. F. , Murray R. D. , Cripps P. J. , Roper T. J. , Garnett B. T. , Delahay R. J. 
Published: February 2023

Abstracts of the following articles:
Preliminary Findings Regarding the Reproductive Performance in First Calving Dairy Heifers Associated With the Prevalence of Milk Antibodies to Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus and Leptospira hardjo
Visits to Farm Buildings and Cattle Troughs by Badgers (Meles meles ): a Potential Route forTransmission of Bovine Tuberculosis 1 (Mycobacterium bovis) Between Badgers and Cattle
Pre-harvest Feeding, Feeding Duration, and Inclusion of a β-agonist on Market Dairy Cow Feedlot Performance and Carcass Characteristics
Authors: Ewing A. E. , Ahola J. K. , Doumit M. E. , Hunt C. W. 
Published: February 2023

The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the effects of pre-harvest feeding, feeding duration, and use of a beta agonist (zilpaterol hydrochloride) on market dairy cow feedlot performance and carcass characteristics.
The experiment was set up in a randomized block design, with pen as the experimental unit. A total of 160 lactating market dairy cows (already culled from herds) were used for the project. Cattle were assigned to one of the following five treatments: harvest immediately on day 0 (Con), feed for 70 days without zilpaterol (70no), feed for 70 days with zilpaterol from day 4 7 to day 67 (70zil), feed for 105 days without zilpaterol (105no), and feed for 105 days with zilpaterol from day 82 to day 102 (105zil).
Cattle were fed in a commercial feedlot in southern Idaho and received a high concentrate potato by-product- based ration. There was a feeding duration length x zilpaterol interaction (P < 0.005) for final body weight (BW). The 70no, 70zil, and 105no cows had greater (P < 0.05) final BW compared to control cows, while 105zil cows had greater (P < 0.05) final BW compared to control and all other fed treatments. The effect of zilpaterol supplementation on average daily gain (ADG) was inconsistent, since 105zil cows had a greater (P < 0.05) ADG vs. 105no cows, yetADG was not different (P > 0.10) among 70no and 70zil cows. No differences were observed (P > 0.10) for the feed-to-gain ratio from the main effects of feeding length or zilpaterol supplementation. Final hot carcass weight (HCW) was greater (P < 0.0001) among fed compared to control cows, and cows receiving zilpaterol had greater (P < 0.03) HCW than cows not receiving a B-agonist. Measured ribeye area (REA) was greater among fed (P < 0.001) compared to control cows and also greater (P < 0.01) among cows receiving zilpaterol compared to no zilpaterol. The effects of feeding duration and zilpaterol supplementation on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics were inconsistent.
Fracture of the Long Bones
Authors: Newman Kenneth D. , Anderson David E. 
Published: February 2023

Fracture management in alpacas and llamas presents a unique and interesting challenge to the veterinary surgeon. The increasing popularity of camelids in North America means veterinarians are more likely to see them as patients; therefore, dealing with camelid fractures is quickly becoming part of the normal caseload. Because of the relatively high commercial value of most camelids, clients will usually be willing to pursue treatment.
Camelids are considered to be excellent patients for the treatment of orthopedic injuries because of their relative low body weight, their ability to ambulate on three legs postoperatively, and tolerate external coaptation devices and prolonged periods of recumbency for recuperation after surgery. For these reasons, the veterinary surgeon has a full repertoire of repair techniques available to choose from when determining the ideal repair option. Not surprisingly, the scientific literature has lagged behind the relatively rapid rise in camelid popularity; there are currently 62 case reports on camelid long bone fracture fixation. This paper will review the published literature on the management of long bone fractures. Fracture management includes the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative time periods. Emergency treatment, clinical workup, principles of fracture repair, treatment, and prognosis for specific long bone fractures and their complications will be discussed.
Laparoscopy in Llamas and Alpacas
Authors: Anderson David E. 
Published: February 2023

Accurate differentiation of medical and surgical lesions in the abdomen of camelids often is difficult because of their stoic nature. Peritoneal fluid samples are difficult to obtain and changes in peritoneal fluid constituents may not be specific to surgical or medical conditions. Laparoscopy may provide a rapid method for examination of the abdomen with reduced morbidity compared to that for exploratory celiotomy. Routine laparoscopy for evaluation of reproductive structures in llamas and alpacas appears to be a safe procedure; however, systemic effects of laparoscopy have not been objectively evaluated.
Surgical approach for laparoscopy and laparoscopic anatomy have been described in cattle, horses, and llamas. Abdominal anatomy in camelids is markedly different from horses and cattle. In the context of this article, the term "camelid" is used to refer to procedures equally applicable to llamas and alpacas. When specific differences are notable, the term llama or alpaca is used.
Vaccination of Dairy Cattle
Authors: Cortese Victor 
Published: February 2023

Studies continue to design the best vaccination programs for today's dairy herds and to maximize immune function. Designing a vaccination program involves a good history of the individual farm as well as a basic understanding of the immune system. The vaccines chosen should have good solid efficacy studies (as well as effectiveness and efficiency studies if possible) to ensure that the product can fulfill the needs of the farm or ranch. Management decisions may be made that do not maximize the potential of the product chosen and realistic expectations of all products should be well explained to the producer before they are used. The owner should be involved in the vaccine decision making process and all of the information on the product should be shared.
The establishment of good baseline immunity in replacement heifers is the foundation of the vaccination program and can have dramatic effects on the health and profitability of the herd and needs to be well planned.
Randomized Clinical Field Trial of the Effect of Preweaning Viral Vaccination on the Incidence of Respiratory Disease in Dairy Heifer Calves Up to Four Months of Age
Authors: Windeyer C. , LeBlanc S. J. , Lissemore K. D. , Hodgins D. C. , Godden S. M. , Leslie K. E. 
Published: February 2023

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is an important illness of dairy replacement heifer calves that has substantial impacts on growth, survival and profitability. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of one or two doses of a commercial, multivalent, (MLV) vaccine, administered to heifer calves prior to weaning. It was hypothesized that vaccination would reduce the incidence of BRD and that two doses would be more efficacious than one.
Systematic Review of Ketosis Treatment in Lactating Dairy Cattle
Authors: Gordon Jessica , LeBlanc Stephen , Duffield Todd 
Published: February 2023

Subclinical and clinical ketosis are a significant health problem in dairy cattle. Ketosis can lead to poor reproductive performance, production losses, and increased risk of other health problems. The cumulative lactational incidence varies widely between farms, but is often near 30% and may be as high as 61%. With a cost per case as high as $350, ketosis can be a time consuming and expensive challenge for farmers.
The problem of effective ketosis treatment has been plaguing practitioners for decades. Many different treatment regimens have been utilized with varying degrees of success. Our objective was to systematically review the literature to identify efficacious treatments for ketosis and directions for further investigation.
Lymphatic vessel puncture of the bovine udder
Authors: Rae D. Owen , Khol Johannes L. , Pinedo Pablo J. , Neumann Laura M. , Buergelt Claus D. , Baumgartener Walter 
Published: February 2023

Paratuberculosis or Johne's disease (JD), caused by Mycobacteriumavium subsp paratuberculosis (MAP), is a costly and important disease of ruminants in all developed countries. Diagnosis of paratuberculosis is challenging during the early stages of the disease, and currently available laboratory tests do not have satisfactory sensitivity when used to test MAP-infected cows before the onset of clinical signs. The lymphatic system plays a major role in the defence against infection and is an important part of the immune system. The superficial lymph vessels of the bovine udder are accessible for collection of lymphatic fluid by lymph vessel puncture in lactating cows.
The objectives of the study were to: 1) evaluate the feasibility of lymph collection from the bovine udder under field conditions, 2) investigate the potential for detection of MAP in the collected lymphatic fluid of cows infected with MAP, and 3) evaluate lymphatic fluid use as a diagnostic medium for detection of MAP-infected animals in the subclinical stages of JD.
Production records in cow-calf operations
Authors: Bolinger John 
Published: February 2023

Production records can be used to measure herd performance. They identify potential areas for improvement and lead to management decisions to address these areas. These decisions are then evaluated by monitoring performance with production records, continuing the cycle.
A variety of software programs can be used to manage production records efficiently. Spreadsheet programs are more suited to individual management events, while database programs allow one to analyze farms both across multiple years on the herd level and on an individual-cow basis. With both types of programs, appropriate reports can be generated for the management team to evaluate and analyze together.
Effect of oral meloxicam on feed intake and pain perception in Jersey calves following cautery dehorning with a local anesthetic
Authors: Bierman Thyra , Godden Sandra , Coetzee Hans , Chebel Ricardo , Cheeran Maxim , Cho Julie 
Published: February 2023

Pain management during the dehorning of calves is an important welfare issue on dairy farms. The traditional approach of using only local anesthesia (i.e. a cornual nerve block with lidocaine) is only temporarily effective, and delays but does not prevent significant pain and distress to the calf. Recent research findings suggest that administration of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug such as injectable meloxicam in addition to local anesthesia can significantly reduce the signs of pain for ≥ 24 hours after cautery dehorning in 6- to 12-week-old Holstein calves. The objective of the current study was to conduct a randomized placebo-controlled trial to describe the effect of administration of oral meloxicam in addition to local anesthesia on behavioral measures of pain and distress following cautery dehorning in preweaned Jersey calves.
Veterinary Feed Directive
Authors: Apley Michael D. 
Published: February 2023

We will be writing Veterinary Feed Directives (VFDs) and prescriptions in December of 2016 to authorize the use of medically important antibiotics in the feed and water of our client's animals starting on January 1, 2017. The major challenge for our profession is not to master the limited number of labels we will be dealing with, or to master the VFD process; it is that we are now not only responsible forauthorizing the use of almost every antibiotic in food animals, we are also accountable.
The decision process for if we should provide a VFD or prescription is centered on applying our professional training and experience to establish a clinical justification for the use. This process centers on these considerations. Do I have a valid VCPR? Is there a reason for this use or is it just habit? Is it legal? Is it effective? Are there any issues with residues or antibiotic resistance to consider?
After these considerations, veterinarians are then responsible to lead in antibiotic stewardship. This involves assuring accurate case definitions, searching for antibiotic alternatives, selecting the appropriate antibiotic, monitoring use, and constant re-evaluation of the need for the antibiotic.