bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iodine concentration level, availability of adequately iodised salt and proper utilisation, and its influencing factors among households in Eastern Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Kebebew Esrom , Derese Tariku , Bogale Getu , Berhane Anteneh 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveThe availability of iodine concentration in iodised salt at the household level does not guarantee the prevention of iodine deficiency disorders, but it can be significantly assured through proper utilisation. In eastern Ethiopia, there are no data on the use of iodised salt at the household level. The purpose of this study was to determine the iodine concentration, the coverage of adequately iodised salt and the factors that influencing the proper iodised salt utilisation in households.DesignA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews and iodine concentration was determined using the WYD Checker iodine test. We used the logistic generalised estimating equation statistical analysis method to assess the factors that affect proper iodised salt utilisation at a household level.SettingThe study was conducted in Dire Dawa City Administration, Eastern Ethiopia.ParticipantsA total of 473 households were selected using one-stage sampling technique.Primary measuresIodine concentration, availability of adequately iodised salt and proper utilisation were primary outcomes of this study.ResultsOnly 37% of households found sufficient iodine concentration in iodised salt, while only 25.2% of households used iodised salt properly. College or above education (adjusted OR=5.1, 95% CI: 1.2 to 21.6, p=0.024), good knowledge (adjusted OR=5.3, 95% CI: 4.3 to 13.4, p<0.0001), good attitude (adjusted OR=4.2, 95% CI: 2.5 to 7.0, p<0.0001) and household with family size >5 (adjusted OR=0.39, 95% CI: 0.23 to 0.7) were significantly associated with proper utilisation of iodised salt.ConclusionsAdequate coverage and iodised salt utilisation were low. The proper use of iodised salt is associated with educational status, family size, knowledge and attitudes. Raising public awareness, health promotion and continuous regulation of iodine concentration at all levels by regulatory bodies are important strategies for addressing the public health problems of iodine deficiency and related diseases.
Association between daily life walking speed and frailty measured by a smartphone application: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kawai Hisashi , Obuchi Shuichi , Ejiri Manami , Ito Kumiko 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesTo assess whether frailty can be assessed using a smartphone and whether daily walking speed (DWS) is associated with frailty.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThree prefectures (Kanagawa, Saitama and Tokyo) in Japan.ParticipantsThe study enrolled 163 participants (65 in the robust group, 69 in the prefrailty group and 29 in the frailty group) by sending letters to house owners aged≥55 years.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe participants downloaded the DWS measurement application on their smartphones, which measured the daily walking (DW) parameters (DWS, step length and cadence) and the Kihon checklist for frailty assessment. The differences in the DW parameters between the robust, prefrailty and frailty groups were examined using one-way analysis of variance. We conducted logistic regression analysis for the Crude model (each DW parameter), model 1 (adjusted for the number of steps) and model 2 (model 1+age, sex and the number of chronic diseases).ResultsDWS was marginally significantly slower in the frailty group than in the prefrailty and robust group (robust 1.26 m/s vs prefrailty 1.25 m/s vs frailty 1.19 m/s, p=0.060). Step length was significantly smaller in the frailty group than in the robust group (robust 66.1 cm vs prefrailty 65.9 vs frailty 62.3 cm, p<0.01). Logistic regression analysis for the three models revealed that DWS was significantly associated with frailty.ConclusionsDWS measured using the smartphone application was associated with frailty. This was probably due to the shorter step length and body height seen in frail individuals.
Dietary patterns and risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Korean adults: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Fu Jialei , Shin Sangah 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesDietary patterns can holistically provide insights into the association of food groups and nutrients with the disease. Several studies have evaluated the association of dietary patterns with the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Western populations. However, few studies focused on this topic were conducted on Korean adults. Therefore, in this cohort study, we aimed to investigate the association between dietary patterns and the risk of NAFLD among middle-aged Koreans.DesignThe survey was performed at general hospitals and health examination centres in Korea. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire. The dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis. The HR and 95% CI for NAFLD for each of the quartiles of the three dietary patterns were estimated using a Cox proportional hazards model.SettingSouth Korean Community.Participants44 460 healthy Koreans (aged 40–69 years) who completed a follow-up survey from 2012 to 2016 in the Health Examinees study were included.ResultsMen and women following a prudent pattern showed a 22% and 36% lower NAFLD risk, respectively (men: HR=0.78; women: HR=0.64). Men and women who highly adhered to the flour-based food and meat pattern had a 29% and 55% higher NAFLD risk, respectively (men: HR=1.29; women: HR=1.55).ConclusionThe prudent pattern induced a lower NAFLD risk, whereas the flour-based food and meat pattern induced a higher NAFLD risk. No significant difference was found between the white rice pattern and NAFLD risk.
Effectiveness of non-pharmacological treatments for vestibular and oculomotor dysfunction in patients with persistent post-concussive symptoms: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sheeba Stella , Cavaleri Rocco , Summers Simon , Browne Cherylea 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionConcussion is a form of mild traumatic brain injury that disrupts brain function. Although symptoms are mostly transient, recovery can be delayed and result in persistent postconcussive symptoms (PPCS). Vestibular and oculomotor dysfunction are among the most debilitating impairments associated with PPCS. However, pharmacological interventions for these impairments are associated with deleterious side effects. Accordingly, increasing research has examined the utility of non-pharmacological interventions for PPCS. The aim of this review is to synthesise and evaluate the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for the treatment of vestibular and oculomotor dysfunction for patients with PPCS.Methods and analysisSystematic searches of MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus will identify randomised controlled trials employing non-pharmacological treatments for vestibular and/or oculomotor dysfunction for PPCS. Such interventions may include, but are not limited to, vestibular rehabilitation, optokinetic stimulation and vestibulo-ocular reflex exercises. Assessments of oculomotor function will include versional eye movements, vergence eye movements, visual-fixation movements and accommodation response. Assessments of vestibular function will include the Fukuda Step test, functional balance tests, force displacement tests, and subjective reports of balance disruption or vertigo. Where appropriate, meta-analyses of standardised mean differences will be conducted using a random effects model for continuous outcomes. For dichotomous outcomes (improved vs not improved following treatment), effects will be expressed as relative risk. The impact of heterogeneity will be calculated using the I2statistic. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale will be used to determine the methodological quality of individual studies and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations used to assess the certainty and quality of evidence for each outcome.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this review. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021254720.
Systematic review of clinical practice guidelines for uveitis
Authors: Ghadiri Nima , Reekie Ian R , Gordon Iris , Safi Sare , Lingham Gareth , Evans Jennifer R , Keel Stuart 
Published: January 2023

To facilitate the integration of eye care into universal health coverage, the WHO is developing a Package of Eye Care Interventions (PECI). Development of the PECI involves the identification of evidence-based interventions from relevant clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for uveitis.A systematic review of CPGs published on uveitis between 2010 and March 2020 was conducted. CPGs passing title and abstract and full-text screening were evaluated using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) tool and data on recommended interventions extracted using a standard data extraction sheet.Of 56 CPGs identified as potentially relevant from the systematic literature search, 3 CPGs underwent data extraction following the screening stages and appraisal with the AGREE II tool. These CPGs covered screening for, monitoring and treating juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)-associated uveitis, the use of adalimumab and dexamethasone in treating non-infectious uveitis, and a top-level summary of assessment, differential diagnosis and referral recommendations for uveitis, aimed at primary care practitioners. Many of the recommendations were based on expert opinion, though some incorporated clinical study and randomised controlled trial data.There is currently sparse coverage of the spectrum of disease caused by uveitis within CPGs. This may partially be due to the large number of conditions with diverse causes and clinical presentations covered by the umbrella term uveitis, which makes numerous sets of guidelines necessary. The limited pool of CPGs to select from has implications for clinicians seeking guidance on clinical care strategies for uveitis.
Preclinical model of anterior circulation intracranial stenting
Authors: Anagnostakou Vania , King Robert M , Gutierrez Liza , Black Johanna D , Lee Juliana , Virmani Renu , Puri Ajit S , Siddiqui Adnan H , Gounis Matthew J 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundPreclinical testing of intracranial stents is currently performed in the peripheral circulation, and rarely in the basilar artery of the dog.ObjectiveTo test the feasibility of intracranial stenting in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) of the dog and explore the use of MRI to detect thromboembolic complications.MethodsSix purpose-bred cross-hound dogs were used for proof-of-concept stenting of both MCAs in each animal. Immediately following the procedure, the animals were imaged with MRI. MRI was repeated weekly for 1 month. After the final angiography at 30 days, the animals were euthanized for pathological assessment of the stents and the brain.ResultsWe successfully deployed 12 stents in the MCAs of all animals. We deployed three techniques for microcatheterization of the MCA—namely, directly through the internal carotid artery (ICA), using anastomotic arteries from the external carotid artery, or via the contralateral ICA through the anterior communicating artery. Two iatrogenic perforations of the ICA with formation of an arteriovenous fistula occurred, without clinical sequelae, which spontaneously resolved on follow-up. All animals tolerated the procedure and completed the follow-up surveillance. MRI revealed procedural thromboembolic induced areas of restricted diffusion, and only one instance of a delayed thromboembolic lesion during surveillance. At follow-up angiography, the devices were all patent.ConclusionWe describe a new preclinical model of intracranial stenting in the MCA. Such a model may prove useful for evaluating new surface modifications.
Mechanical thrombectomy decision making and prognostication: Stroke treatment Assessments prior to Thrombectomy In Neurointervention (SATIN) study
Authors: Fargen Kyle M , Kittel Carol , Curry Brian P , Hile Connor W , Wolfe Stacey Q , Brown Patrick , Mokin Maxim , Rai Ansaar T , Chen Michael , Starke Robert M , Albuquerque Felipe C , Ansari Sameer A , Kan Peter , Spiotta Alejandro M , Dabus Guilherme , Leslie-Mazwi Thabele M , Hirsch Joshua A 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundMechanical thrombectomy (MT) is the standard-of-care treatment for stroke patients with emergent large vessel occlusions. Despite this, little is known about physician decision making regarding MT and prognostic accuracy.MethodsA prospective multicenter cohort study of patients undergoing MT was performed at 11 comprehensive stroke centers. The attending neurointerventionalist completed a preprocedure survey prior to arterial access and identified key decision factors and the most likely radiographic and clinical outcome at 90 days. Post hoc review was subsequently performed to document hospital course and outcome.Results299 patients were enrolled. Good clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0–2) was obtained in 38% of patients. The most frequently identified factors influencing the decision to proceed with thrombectomy were site of occlusion (81%), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (74%), and perfusion imaging mismatch (43%). Premorbid mRS score determination in the hyperacute setting accurately matched retrospectively collected data from the hospital admission in only 140 patients (46.8%). Physicians correctly predicted the patient’s 90 day mRS tertile (0–2, 3–4, or 5–6) and final modified Thrombolysis in Ischemic Cerebral Infarction score preprocedure in only 44.2% and 44.3% of patients, respectively. Clinicians tended to overestimate the influence of occlusion site and perfusion imaging on outcomes, while underestimating the importance of pre-morbid mRS.ConclusionsThis is the first prospective study to evaluate neurointerventionalists’ ability to accurately predict clinical outcome after MT. Overall, neurointerventionalists performed poorly in prognosticating patient 90 day outcomes, raising ethical questions regarding whether MT should be withheld in patients with emergent large vessel occlusions thought to have a poor prognosis.
Hospitalisations for heart failure: increased palliative care referrals − a veterans affairs hospital initiative
Authors: Gruen Jadry , Gandhi Parul , Gillespie-Heyman Sarah , Shamas Tracy , Adelman Samuel , Ruskin Andrea , Bauer Margaret , Merchant Naseema 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesHeart failure (HF) portends significant morbidity and mortality. Integrating palliative care (PC) with HF management improves quality of life and preparedness planning. At a Veterans Affairs hospital, PC was used in 6.5% of patients admitted for HF from October 2019 to September 2020. We sought to increase the percentage of referrals to PC to 20%.MethodsPC referral guidelines were developed and used to screen all HF admissions between October 2020 and May 2021. Point-of-care education on the benefits of PC was delivered to teams caring for patients who met PC referral criteria. Changes were tested using Plan–Do–Study–Act (PDSA) cycles. Results were analysed using run charts.ResultsDuring the study period, there were 109 HF admissions in patients who were not already followed by PC. Thirty-one (28%) received a new PC consult. The mean age was 81±9.5 years, median B-type natriuretic peptide was 1202 pg/mL, and mean length of stay was 8±5 days. After our intervention, there was an upward shift in the percentage of new referrals to PC with 6 values above the baseline median, which represents a significant change.ConclusionsThrough multiple PDSA cycles, referrals to PC for patients admitted with HF increased from 6.5% to 28%. Point-of-care education was an effective tool to teach medical teams about the benefits of PC. Inpatient teams more consistently and independently considered PC for patients with HF, representing a cultural shift. This quality improvement model may serve as a paradigm to improve the care of HF patients.
Angioarchitecture and prognosis of pediatric intracranial pial arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Li Jingwei , Ji Zhenlong , Yu Jiaxing , Ren Jian , Yang Fan , Bian Lisong , Zhi Xinglong , Li Guilin , Zhang Hongqi 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivePial arteriovenous fistulas (PAVFs) are rare and mostly observed in children. However, the overall angioarchitecture, clinical features, treatments and long-term prognosis for pediatric patients remain unclear.MethodsClinical data of consecutive 42 pediatric PAVFs were documented and analysed. According to the differences of age distribution and clinical features, they were split into a younger group (≤3 years old; 20 cases) and an older group (3–14 years old; 22 cases).ResultsTheir mean age was 4.9±3.9 years, and the mean preoperative modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score was 1.64±1.57. Fourteen patients (33.3%) were asymptomatic, followed by epilepsy (21.4%), intracranial haemorrhage (16.7%), hydrocephalus (9.5%), developmental delay (7.1%), intermittent headache (7.1%) and congestive heart failure (4.8%). Annual bleeding rate and rebleeding rate before treatment reached 3.86% and 3.17%. Poor venous drainage including sinus dynamic obstruction (21 cases, 50.0%) and sinus occlusion (17 cases, 40.48%) were found with high frequency among these patients. Finally, 33 cases were cured (78.57%), and 4 cases faced surgery-related complications (9.52%). During 24–140 months’ follow-up, the mean mRS score reduced to 0.57±0.40. However, only 22 cases (52.38%) recovered to absolutely normal, and poor venous drainage was the risk factor for patients’ incomplete recovery (p=0.028, Exp(B)=14.692, 95% CI 1.346 to 160.392). Compared with the older group, younger group showed more chronic symptoms, more secondary pathological changes, more times treatment and worse prognosis (p=0.013, 0.002, 0.000 and 0.032, respectively).ConclusionsPediatric PAVF has different angioarchitectures, clinical features and prognoses in different age groups. Poor venous drainage is an important factor leading to poor prognosis, and it accounts for incomplete recovery in nearly half of patients.
15–20 Year Follow-up After Wrist Arthroplasty Surgery – Revisiting the Development and Introduction of a New Prototype Concept for Total Wrist Arthroplasty
Authors: REIGSTAD Ole , HOLM-GLAD Trygve , KORSLUND Johanne , GRIMSGAARD Christian , THORKILDSEN Rasmus , RØKKUM Magne 
Published: January 2023

Background: Wrist arthroplasties have not achieved clinical outcomes comparable to those of shoulders and knees, being offered low-demand patients due to a high failure rate. In the 90s, there were no wrist arthroplasties available for high-demand patients. An experimental setup for the development of a new wrist arthroplasty intended for all wrist patients were done. A long-term final follow-up to evaluate the performance of the experimental arthroplasty was performed. Methods: A novel uncemented modular wrist prosthesis with conical threaded fixation, metal-on-metal coupling and ball-and-socket articulation was developed. In an experimental study, eight patients (7 men, 53 years of age) were operated between 2001 and 2003, to treat non-inflammatory primary or secondary osteoarthritis. Published mid-term results (7–9 years) demonstrated satisfactory function, but two arthroplasties were converted to arthrodesis due to infection. Results: At final follow-up 15–20 years after primary surgery, the remaining six patients still had a wrist arthroplasty (in three the original) in situ. The clinical results were good. Low pain (median = 0), Quick Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QDASH median 11) and Patient Rated Wrist and Hand Evaluation (PRWHE median = 14) scores were reported. Wrist active range of motion (AROM) was 64% and grip strength 86% compared to the opposite side. None regretted choosing arthroplasty knowing the outcome. Conclusions: Despite technical errors and the implementation of an incomplete prototype, this new concept for arthroplasty has demonstrated promising long-term fixation, a stable articulation with good range of motion, satisfactory function and pain reduction in high-demand patients. Level of Evidence: Level IV (Therapeutic)
Osteonecrosis of the Lunate Following Three-Corner Arthrodesis: A Case Report
Authors: POINOT Nicolas , EL KAZZI Wissam , MADANI Afarine , SCHUIND Frédéric 
Published: January 2023

Scaphoid lunate advanced collapse (SLAC) is the most frequently encountered cause of wrist osteoarthritis. Proximal row carpectomy (PRC) and four-orner arthrodesis (4CA) are the two main surgical options to address it. Three three-corner arthrodesis (3CA) was introduced in 1997 as an alternative to PRC and 4CA. It is a motion preserving midcarpal arthrodesis easier to perform than 4CA, for which the literature has documented satisfactory outcomes and low complication rates. We report a case of a SLAC wrist treated with 3CA complicated by postoperative osteonecrosis of the lunate. To our knowledge, this complication has not been previously reported. Our patient developed osteonecrosis of the lunate 1 year after 3CA despite a good consolidation of the arthrodesis. In this case study, we discuss reasons this may have occurred, the aetiology of which is likely multifactorial. We are reporting this case to inform surgeons of this potential complication after 3CA. Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
Zircon U–Pb geochronology and Hf isotopic compositions of igneous rocks from Sumatra: implications for the Cenozoic magmatic evolution of the western Sunda Arc
Authors: Lai Yu-Ming , Liu Ping-Ping , Chung Sun-Lin , Ghani Azman A. , Lee Hao-Yang , Quek Long Xiang , Li Shan , Roselee Muhammad Hatta , Murtadha Sayed , Lintjewas Lediyantje , Iizuka Yoshiyuki 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Sumatra is located at the western end of the Sunda Arc, which resulted from the subduction of the Indo-Australian Plate beneath the Eurasian Plate. In this study, we report detailed zircon U–Pb and Hf isotope data for Cenozoic igneous rocks from the entire island of Sumatra to better constrain the temporal and spatial distribution of arc magmatism. The new dataset, combined with literature information, identifies the following two magmatic stages: (1) Paleocene to Early Eocene (66–48 Ma) and (2) Early Miocene to Recent (23–0 Ma), with a 25 myr-long period of magmatic quiescence in between. The magmatic zircons show predominantly positive and high ε
Hf
(
t
) values, ranging from +19.4 to +7.1 in western Sumatra, +17.1 to +1.6 in central Sumatra and +18.0 to +7.0 in eastern Sumatra, indicating an isotopically juvenile magma source in the mantle wedge along the western Sunda Arc. We explain the negative and low ε
Hf
(
t
) values (+0.5 to −13.1) of young samples around the supervolcano Toba as evidence for the subduction of sediment. We argue for a change in the subduction processes, where the first magmatic stage ceased owing to the termination of the Neo-Tethyan subduction and the following stage corresponded to the modern Sunda subduction.