bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
O CONTROLE DA EXECUÇÃO PENAL E DA SUPERPOPULAÇÃO CARCERÁRIA NA JURISPRUDÊNCIA DAS CORTE REGIONAIS DE DIREITOS HUMANOS / CONTROL OF CORRECTIONS SYSTEMS AND PRISON OVERCROWD IN THE CASELAW OF REGIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS COURTS
Authors: Japiassú Carlos Eduardo 
Published: July 2023

Resumo: A jurisprudência dos sistemas regionais de direitos humanos tem contribuído para o desenvolvimento de padrões sobres os direitos das pessoas privadas de liberdade e produzem impacto além das respectivas bases territoriais, exercendo influência na jurisprudência de outros sistemas regionais. O presente artigo aborda o controle da execução penal e a influência mútua entre os Sistemas Europeu e Interamericano de Direitos Humanos, no que diz respeito aos direitos das pessoas privadas de liberdade, especialmente no que se refere ao controle da superpopulação carcerária.Palavras-chave: Encarceramento. Superpopulação. Penal. Política Criminal. Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos. Abstract: The caselaw of the regional human rights systems has contributed to the development of standards in respect to the rights of incarcerated people, and it has an impact beyond their territorial bases, exerting influence on the jurisprudence of other regional systems. This article deals with the mutual influence between the European, and Interamerican Human Rights Systems concerning the rights of incarcerated people, especially with regard to the control of prison overcrowd.Keywords: Imprisonment. Overcrowding. Punishment. Criminal Policy. International Human Rights Law.
Integrated photonic RF self-interference cancellation on a silicon platform for full-duplex communication
Authors: Han Xiuyou , Su Xinxin , Chao Meng , Yang Xindi , Wang Weiheng , Fu Shuangling , Du Yicheng , Wu Zhenlin , Zhao Mingshan 
Published: July 2023

In-band full-duplex (IBFD) technology can double the spectrum utilization efficiency for wireless communications, and increase the data transmission rate of B5G and 6G networks and satellite communications. RF self-interference is the major challenge for the application of IBFD technology, which must be resolved. Compared with the conventional electronic method, the photonic self-interference cancellation (PSIC) technique has the advantages of wide bandwidth, high amplitude and time delay tuning precision, and immunity to electromagnetic interference. Integrating the PSIC system on chip can effectively reduce the size, weight, and power consumption and meet the application requirement, especially for mobile terminals and small satellite payloads. In this paper, the silicon integrated PSIC chip is presented first and demonstrated for IBFD communication. The integrated PSIC chip comprises function units including phase modulation, time delay and amplitude tuning, sideband filtering, and photodetection, which complete the matching conditions for RF self-interference cancellation. Over the wide frequency range of C, X, Ku, and K bands, from 5 GHz to 25 GHz, a cancellation depth of more than 20 dB is achieved with the narrowest bandwidth of 140 MHz. A maximum bandwidth of 630 MHz is obtained at a center frequency of 10 GHz. The full-duplex communication experiment at Ku-band by using the PSIC chip is carried out. Cancellation depths of 24.9 dB and 26.6 dB are measured for a bandwidth of 100 MHz at central frequencies of 12.4 GHz and 14.2 GHz, respectively, and the signal of interest (SOI) with 16-quadrature amplitude modulation is recovered successfully. The factors affecting the cancellation depth and maximum interference to the SOI ratio are investigated in detail. The performances of the integrated PSIC system including link gain, noise figure, receiving sensitivity, and spurious free dynamic range are characterized.
Plasmon resonance-enhanced graphene nanofilm-based dual-band infrared silicon photodetector
Authors: Liu Xinyu , Wu Shaoxiong , Cao Xiaoxue , Tian Feng , Bodepudi Srikrishna Chanakya , Malik Muhammad , Gao Chao , Peng Li , Hu Huan , Xu Yang 
Published: July 2023

Graphene-based photodetectors have attracted much attention due to their unique properties, such as high-speed and wide-band detection capability. However, they suffer from very low external quantum efficiency in the infrared (IR) region and lack spectral selectivity. Here, we construct a plasmon-enhanced macro-assembled graphene nanofilm (nMAG) based dual-band infrared silicon photodetector. The Au plasmonic nanostructures improve the absorption of long-wavelength photons with energy levels below the Schottky barrier (between metal and Si) and enhance the interface transport of electrons. Combined with the strong photo-thermionic emission (PTI) effect of nMAG, the nMAG–Au–Si heterojunctions show strong dual-band detection capability with responsivities of 52.9 mA/W at 1342 nm and 10.72 mA/W at 1850 nm, outperforming IR detectors without plasmonic nanostructures by 58–4562 times. The synergy between plasmon–exciton resonance enhancement and the PTI effect opens a new avenue for invisible light detection.
Genetic diversity and drug sensitivity profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among children in Ethiopia
Authors: Mollalign Hilina , Getahun Muluwork , Diriba Getu , Alemu Ayinalem , Chala Dawit , Tulu Begna , Ameni Gobena 
Published: July 2023

Background
Worldwide, tuberculosis (TB) affects about one million children every year. The burden of the disease is higher in developing countries. However, there is limited information on the lineages and drug sensitivity patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infecting children in these countries, including Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the different lineages of the M. tuberculosis complex causing childhood pulmonary tuberculosis and evaluate the drug-sensitivity patterns to the first-line anti-TB drugs.

Method
A total of 54 stored cultures were used in this study. The region of difference 9 (RD9) based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and spoligotyping were employed for the identification of the isolates at the species and lineages level respectively. Lineage identification was done by using the pre-existing database. Identification of clustering of the spoligotype patterns was by using the SPOLIDB3-based model. The result was retrieved by the most probable family format. Furthermore, the phenotypic, and genotypic drug-sensitivity test (DST) was performed using Mycobacterium Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT™ 960) and GenoTypeMTBDRplus assay respectively. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 27 software.

Result
Spoligotyping produced 39 interpretable results for M. tuberculosis. The majority (74.4%) of them were clustered into 7 groups, while the rest (25.6%) were single. The Euro-American (EA) lineage was the predominant lineage (64.1%) followed by the East-African Indian (EAI) (30.8%) and M. Africanum (5.1%) lineages. The most predominant subtypes were SIT37 (15.4%), SIT149 (12.8%), SIT25 (7.7%), and SIT53 (7.7%). Furthermore, of the identified SITs, T1 and CAS families consisted of 38.5% and 28.2% of the lineages respectively. Drug susceptibility was 91.9% by phenotypic method and 97.4% by molecular assay. The overall prevalence of any resistance was 7.8% and there was a single MDR-TB.

Conclusion
Many of the isolates belong to the modern lineages (Euro American) representing the most common circulating strains in the country. More importantly, despites the tiny isolates tested, drug resistance is low. To fully describe the molecular epidemiology of MTBC lineages in children, we recommend a prospective large-scale study.
Epidemiological clinical profile and closure of chronic plantar ulcers in patients with leprosy sequelae undergoing orthopedic surgery in a municipality in western Amazon
Authors: João Francisco Mateus , Peninni Silmara Navarro , Vasconcelos Zanair Soares , da Silva Arineia Soares , Couceiro Katia do Nascimento , Jorge Brandão Alba Regina , Silva Mônica Regina Hosannah da Silva e , do Vale Filho Marcello Facundo , de Oliveira Guilherme Miranda Silva , Ferreira Lucas Silva , Mwangi Victor Irungu , da Silva Bernardo Maia , Barbosa Guerra Maria das Graças Vale , Guerra Jorge Augusto de Oliveira 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionChronic plantar ulcers in leprosy are lesions resulting from motor and sensory alterations caused by Mycobacterium leprae. They are lesions refractory to conventional dressings and present high recurrence rates.ObjectiveTo evaluate the epidemiological clinical profile of patients with chronic plantar ulcers associated with bony prominences in the lesion bed and to evaluate the efficacy of orthopedic surgical treatment of these lesions.MethodsThis is a descriptive and analytical retrospective study with the evaluation of medical records of patients undergoing surgical treatment of chronic plantar ulcers from 2008 to 2018. The surgical technique applied consisted of corrective resection of bone prominences and the primary closure of the lesion with bipediculated local flap.Results234 patients were submitted to surgery, 55.1% male with an average age of 69.5 years old. Of these, 82.9% were illiterate; and 88.5% with open lesions over 10 years. After surgical treatment, total wound healing occurred in an average time of 12 weeks. The variables that contributed to shorter healing time were: Patients’ lower age group; regular use of orthopedic shoes and insoles and dressings performed by nurse aides in health units before surgery. Obesity was the factor that correlated with the delay of healing time.ConclusionA higher incidence was observed in males and male and female illiterate patients. The regular use of shoes and insoles and dressings performed by nurse aides in health units contributed to shorter postoperative healing time. Orthopedic surgical treatment with corrective resection of bony prominences proved to be an efficient therapeutic method for the closure of chronic plantar ulcers. It is a reproducible method, justifying the importance of the orthopedic surgeon in the context of the multidisciplinary team to cope with these complex lesions.
Effect of the INTER-ACT lifestyle intervention on maternal mental health during the first year after childbirth: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Van Uytsel Hanne , Ameye Lieveke , Devlieger Roland , Bijlholt Margriet , Van der Gucht Katleen , Jacquemyn Yves , Bogaerts Annick 
Published: July 2023

We assess whether the INTER-ACT postpartum lifestyle intervention influences symptoms of depression and anxiety, sense of coherence and quality of life during the first year after childbirth. A total of 1047 women of the INTER-ACT RCT were randomized into the intervention (n = 542) or control arm (n = 505). The lifestyle intervention consisted of 4 face-to-face coaching sessions, supported by an e-health app. Anthropometric and mental health data were collected at baseline, end of intervention and 6-months follow-up. We applied mixed models to assess whether the evolution over time of depressive symptoms, anxiety, sense of coherence and quality of life differed between the intervention and control arm, taking into account the women’s pre-pregnancy BMI. There was no statistical evidence for a difference in evolution in anxiety or quality of life between intervention and control arm. But an improvement in symptoms of depression and sense of coherence was observed in women who received the intervention, depending on the mother’s pre-pregnancy BMI. Women with normal/overweight pre-pregnancy BMI, reported a decrease in EPDS between baseline and end of intervention, and the decrease was larger in the intervention arm (control arm: -0.42 (95% CI, -0.76 to -0.08); intervention arm: -0.71 (95% CI, -1.07 to -0.35)). Women with pre-pregnancy obesity showed an increase in EPDS between baseline and end of intervention, but the increase was less pronounced in the intervention arm (control arm: +0.71 (95% CI, -0.12 to 1.54); intervention arm: +0.42 (95% CI -0.42 to 1.25)). Women with a normal or obese pre-pregnancy BMI in the intervention arm showed a decrease in sense of coherence between baseline and end of intervention (-0.36) (95% CI, -1.60 to 0.88), while women with overweight pre-pregnancy showed an increase in sense of coherence (+1.53) (95% CI, -0.08 to 3.15) between baseline and end of intervention. Receiving the INTER-ACT postpartum lifestyle intervention showed improvement in depressive symptoms, in normal weight or overweight women on the short run, as well as improvement in sense of coherence in women with pre-pregnancy overweight only.Trial registration:ClinicalTrials.gov;NCT02989142.
Recreational and sexualised drug use among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM) in Ireland–Findings from the European MSM internet survey (EMIS) 2017
Authors: Daly Fionn P. , O’Donnell Kate , Davoren Martin P. , Noone Chris , Weatherburn Peter , Quinlan Mick , Foley Bill , Lyons Fiona , Igoe Derval , Barrett Peter 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundGay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM) report a higher prevalence of drug use in comparison to the general male population. However, in Ireland, there is a paucity of literature regarding the prevalence of drug use and its determinants among gbMSM.Aims/ObjectivesTo quantify the prevalence of (i) recreational drug use (RDU) and (ii) sexualised drug use (SDU) among gbMSM in Ireland, and to identify the factors associated with these drug use practices.MethodsThe European MSM Internet Survey (EMIS) 2017 was an online, anonymous, internationally-promoted questionnaire. Two binary outcomes were included in our analyses: (1) RDU and (2) SDU in the previous year. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression explored factors associated with these outcomes, and all independent covariates were adjusted for one another.ResultsAmong gbMSM without HIV (n = 1,898), 40.9% and 13.1% engaged in RDU and SDU in the previous year, respectively. Among diagnosed-positive gbMSM (n = 141), the past-year respective prevalence estimates were 51.8% and 26.2%. Increased odds of RDU were observed among gbMSM who were younger (vs. 40+ years) (18–24 years; AOR 2.96, 95% CI 2.05–4.28, 25–39 years; AOR 1.66, 95% CI 1.27–2.16), lived in Dublin (vs. elsewhere) (AOR 1.47, 95% CI 1.17–1.83), and engaged in condomless anal intercourse (CAI) in the previous year (vs. none) (1–2 partners; AOR 1.79, 95% CI 1.34–2.38, 6+ partners; AOR 1.79, 95% CI 1.18–2.71). Greater odds of SDU were identified among those who lived in Dublin (vs. elsewhere) (AOR 1.50, 95% CI 1.07–2.10), and engaged in CAI (vs. none) (1–2 partners; AOR 3.16, 95% CI 2.05–4.88, 3–5 partners; AOR 2.50, 95% CI 1.47–4.26, and 6+ partners; AOR 3.79, 95% CI 2.23–6.43).ConclusionGbMSM report a high prevalence of drug use in Ireland. Targeted interventions, including harm reduction campaigns, may be needed to support healthier drug use choices among this community.
Impact of body composition on patient prognosis after SARS-Cov-2 infection
Authors: Yamamoto Takayuki , Sugimoto Kazushi , Ichikawa Syuhei , Suzuki Kei , Wakabayashi Hideki , Dohi Kaoru , Yamamoto Norihiko 
Published: July 2023

Background
Since the first outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it has been reported that several factors, including hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and obesity, have close relationships with a severe clinical course. However, the relationship between body composition and the prognosis of COVID-19 has not yet been fully studied.

Methods
The present study enrolled 76 consecutive COVID-19 patients with computed tomography (CT) scans from the chest to the pelvis at admission. The patients who needed intubation and mechanical ventilation were defined as severe cases. Patients were categorized into four groups according to their body mass index (BMI). The degree of hepatic steatosis was estimated by the liver/spleen (L/S) ratio of the CT values. Visceral fat area (VFA), psoas muscle area (PMA), psoas muscle mass index (PMI), and intra-muscular adipose tissue content (IMAC) were measured by CT scan tracing. These parameters were compared between non-severe and severe cases.

Results
Severe patients had significantly higher body weight, higher BMI, and greater VFA than non-severe patients. However, these parameters did not have an effect on disease mortality. Furthermore, severe cases had higher IMAC than non-severe cases in the non-obese group.

Conclusions
Our data suggest high IMAC can be a useful predictor for severe disease courses of COVID-19 in non-obese Japanese patients, however, it does not predict either disease severity in obese patients or mortality in any obesity grade.
АНАЛИЗ ДАННЫХ РЕГИСТРА ПАЦИЕНТОВ С АКРОМЕГАЛИЕЙ В МОСКОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ
Authors: Метлушко Е. Д. , Захарова П. А. , Иловайская И. А. 
Published: July 2023

ЦЕЛЬ: оценить количество пациентов, активно наблюдающихся в областном специализированном
центре; определить частоту достижения контроля акромегалии; а также оценить долю пациентов, «потерянных» из наблюдения.
МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: было проведено ретроспективное наблюдательное исследование. Для анализа данных были использованы 327 медицинских карт пациентов с акромегалией, наблюдающихся в ГБУЗ
МО МОНИКИ им. М.Ф. Владимирского (МОНИКИ). Критериями включения в исследование были: наличие
информативной записи эндокринолога КДЦ МОНИКИ с указанием активности акромегалии и проводимого
лечения. Критерием исключения было отсутствие визитов пациента в КДЦ МОНИКИ с 2012 г.
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: среди 327 пациентов с акромегалией, наблюдающихся в МОНИКИ, средний возраст
пациента на момент установки диагноза составил 49±14,1 лет, на момент последнего визита пациента -
58±13,4 лет.
В течение последних 5 лет находились под регулярным наблюдением 199 (60,9%) пациентов, из которых
были прооперированы 63,8% пациента, получили медикаментозное лечение 69,3% пациентов (в том числе
лечение аналогами соматостатина как первой линией лечения - 29,6%), лучевое лечение – 19,6%. У 117/199
(58,8%) пациентов достигнут контроль заболевания, у 82/199 (41,2%) акромегалия неконтролируемая.
В группе контролируемой акромегалии по сравнению с неконтролируемой была статистически значимо
больше доля прооперированных пациентов (68,4% против 57%), а также доля пациентов, получавших другие методы лечения, помимо аналогов соматостатина, после проведенного нейрохирургического лечения
(33,3% против 10,9%), в то время как частота применения других видов лечения статистически значимо
не различалась в зависимости от контроля заболевания.
Более 5 лет не находятся под наблюдением 128/327 (39,1%) пациентов, из которых 14 человек умерло,
из оставшихся на момент последнего визита у 55/114 (48,2%) акромегалия была контролируемая, и у 59/114
(51,8%) - отсутствие контроля. Доля пациентов с неконтролируемой акромегалией, «потерянных» из наблюдения составляет 18% (59/327).
ВЫВОДЫ: доля пациентов, активно наблюдающихся в течение 5 лет в специализированном центре, составила 60,9%, среди которых контроль акромегалии достигнут у 58,8% пациентов. Рекомендуется рассматривать применение нейрохирургического вмешательства у пациентов с акромегалией во всех возможных
случаях, особенно при сохраняющейся активности заболевания на фоне терапии аналогами соматостатина
в максимальных дозировках. Доля пациентов с неконтролируемой акромегалией, «потерянных» их наблюдения, составила 18%, что сопоставимо с данными зарубежных исследований. Необходимо проведение
дополнительных исследований для оценки регулярности визитов пациентов с акромегалией к врачам
специализированных центров областного и федерального уровня, а также обеспечение преемственности
в ведении пациентов для возможности оценки отдаленных результатов лечения и оценки смертности.
КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОЯВЛЕНИЯ, ДИАГНОСТИКА И ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ БОЛЕЗНИ ИЦЕНКО-КУШИНГА В ПРИМОРСКОМ КРАЕ
Authors: Морозова А. М. , Цыганкова О. Г. , Резниченко А. В. , Виловатая Е. А. 
Published: July 2023

ЦЕЛЬ: изучить клинические проявления и эффективность лечения у пациентов с болезнью ИценкоКушинга (БИК) в Приморском крае.
МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: проведен ретроспективный анализ данных историй болезни 17 пациентов
с БИК, находившихся на лечении в Приморском Краевом Центре Диабета и Эндокринных Заболеваний
с 2016 г. по 2022 г.
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: среди обследованных пациентов 88% - женщины, 12% - мужчины.
Средний возраст дебюта заболевания 39,1±5,8 лет. Клинические проявления заболевания: средний ИМТ
составил 33,9±4,7 кг/м2, артериальная гипертензия наблюдалась у 88% больных, нарушение углеводного
обмена – 76,5%, остеопороз – 41,2%. При проведение лучевой диагностики в 80% случаев выявлена микроаденома гипофиза, 20% - макроаденома гипофиза. Пациентам проводилась трансназальная транссфеноидальная аденомэктомия с нейрофизиологическим мониторингом. В 17,6% случаев отмечалась неполная
ремиссия и в 13,3% случае проведено повторное оперативное лечение. У одной пациентки повторное
оперативное нейрохирургическое лечение проведено через 5 лет при развитии клинико-гормонального
рецидива БИК без визуализации остаточной ткани аденомы с подтверждением гиперсекреции АКТГ при
селективном заборе из каменистых синусов. В послеоперационном периоде у 26,7% больных развивалась
вторичная надпочечниковая недостаточность, у 6,7% больных транзиторный несахарный диабет.
Медикаментозная терапия: При отсутствии ремиссии после трансназальной аденомэктомии
в 35,3% случаев назначали ингибиторы стероидогенеза и агонисты дофамина, в 11,8% - аналоги соматостатина.
Данные лабораторного обследования: Среднее значение АКТГ до операции – 131,1±11,2 пг/мл, после
операции - 19,36±3,9 пг/мл. Среднее значение кортизола в МДП до операции – 556,4±39,2 нмоль/л, после
операции 166,07±23,1 пг/мл. Показатели кортизола слюны в вечернее время до операции 17,2±3,8 нмоль/л.
после операции 5,7±1,2 нмоль/л.
По данным иммуногистохимии в 100% случаев наблюдалась сильная экспрессия АКТГ, в 90% случаев –
также наблюдалась сильная экспрессия СТГ, в 50% случаев сильная экспрессия пролактина. У большинства
(в 94% случаев) коэффициент пролиферации Ki67 составил 1-2%, в 6% случаев более 5%. Причем у одной
пациентки при первичной операции отмечался высокий Ki67 (7-10%), а при развитии рецидива при повторной операции отмечалось снижение уровня Ki67 до 1-2%.
ВЫВОДЫ: среди пациентов БИК в Приморском крае преобладает женская популяция, у большинства
пациентов выявлено ожирение легкой степени, среди клинических симптомов преобладают симптомы
артериальной гипертензии, нарушения углеводного обмена. Большинство опухолей – микроаденомы, обладающие смешанной гормональной активностью (АКТГ, СТГ, ПРЛ) с низкой пролиферацией. Современные
технологии нейрохирургического лечения. адекватный гормональный мониторинг позволяют предотвращать тяжелые осложнения БИК.