bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of exercise type and duration on cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength in post-menopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Khalafi Mousa , Sakhaei Mohammad Hossein , Habibi Maleki Aref , Rosenkranz Sara K. , Pourvaghar Mohammad Javad , Fang Yiqun , Korivi Mallikarjuna 
Published: May 2023

Background and aimBoth cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular strength are reported to decrease with age and menopause, which considered to be risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Previous relevant meta-analyses are inconclusive on the beneficial effects of exercise, particularly in post-menopausal women. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we investigated the effects of exercise modalities on CRF and muscular strength in post-menopausal women, and identified the effective exercise type and duration.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Medline to identify the randomized controlled trials, which evaluated exercise effect on CRF, lower- and upper-body muscular strength, and/or handgrip strength in post-menopausal women and compared the results with control. Standardized mean differences (SMD), weighted mean differences (WMD), and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using random effects models.ResultsA total of 129 studies comprising 7,141 post-menopausal women with mean age and BMI ranging from ∼53 to 90 years and 22 to 35 kg/m2, respectively, were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, exercise training effectively increased CRF (SMD: 1.15; 95% CI: 0.87, 1.42; p = 0.001), lower-body muscular strength (SMD: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.90, 1.22; p = 0.001), upper-body muscular strength (SMD: 1.11; 95% CI: 0.91, 1.31; p = 0.001), and handgrip strength (WMD: 1.78 kg; 95% CI: 1.24, 2.32; p = 0.001) in post-menopausal women. These increments were found to be irrespective of ages and intervention durations. Regarding exercise type, aerobic, resistance, and combined training significantly increased CRF and lower-body muscular strength, while resistance and combined training effectively increased handgrip strength. However, only resistance training increased the upper-body muscular strength in women.ConclusionOur findings suggest that exercise training is effective in increasing CRF and muscular strength in post-menopausal women, which might be cardioprotective. Both aerobic and resistance training alone or in combination increased CRF and lower-body muscular strength, but only resistance training increased upper-body strength in women.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=283425, identifier: CRD42021283425.
The effect of double-row wing bag sand barrier on wind prevention and sand fixation: wind tunnel simulation and field verification
Authors: Han Xue-Ying , Yang Wen-Bin , Gao Tian-Xiao , Jia Guang-Pu , Liu Jing 
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Most of the sand fixation technologies utilized locally and internationally are static or dynamic, making it challenging for a single sand fixation mode to function in a harsh environment. Therefore, the development of a sand fixation mode that combines resistance and consolidation has emerged as a trending topic in sand control research. Our team developed the wing bag sand barrier, which is a static and dynamic combination of sand fixation mode.Methods: In this study, we examined the characteristics of airflow velocity field and sand resistance near double-row wing bag sand barrier under different wind conditions to screen out the optimal mode of wing bag sand barrier. The analyses were conducted under nine configuration modes through the wind tunnel simulation experiment and the field experiment.Results: The inflection point of the airflow was always 5H on the windward side of the wing bag sand barrier, regardless of the wind speed. The protection range of the wing bag sand barrier with the same specifications was gradually weakened with the increase of the wind speed. However, there was an upward trend in both total sand accumulation and sand accumulation of each height layer. When the wind speed was slower than 8 m/s, the sand accumulation behind the barrier was mainly concentrated in the 0–10 cm height layer, and when the wind speed was 12 m/s, it was mainly concentrated in the 30–60 cm height layer. At the leeward side of the wing bag sand barrier, sand particles were rejected in the range of 0–30 cm; however, they were conducted in the range of 30–60 cm. The protective effect of the wing bag sand barrier simulated in the wind tunnel experiment was consistent with that of the field experiment.Discussion: For a wind speed of slower than 6 m/s, the recommended specification for the field-installed wing bag sand barrier was 25 cm × 20 cm or 30 cm × 20 cm. The specifications 25 cm × 20 cm and 25 cm × 25 cm were recommended at an inlet wind speed of 8 m/s. When the wind speed was greater than 12 m/s, the recommended specifications were 25 cm × 25 cm, 25 cm × 20 cm, and 20 cm × 25 cm.
Seasonal ice-covered lake surface likely caused the spatial heterogeneity of aeolian sediment grain-size in the source region of Yellow River, northeastern Tibetan Plateau, China
Authors: Hu Guangyin , Hu Jingjing , Dong Zhibao , Yang Linhai 
Published: May 2023

The area of lakes in Tibetan Plateau (TP) is 36522 km2, accounting for nearly half (49.1%) of the total lake surface area in China, and the lakes in TP are seasonally ice-covered for 4–5 months per year. In such a high-cold Third Pole with extensive lakes, how does aeolian sediment transport on ice cover and to what extent can seasonal ice-covered lake cause sediment redistribution by providing pathways for sediment migration is rarely studied. The source region of Yellow River (SRYR) is located in the northeastern TP with an altitude above 4000 m, is home to large area of seasonal frozen lakes. Nine sections of aeolian sediments were collected from SRYR for grain-size study. The end-member modeling analysis (EMMA) provides a greater chance of resolving aeolian sediment sources since it can quantitatively separate the particle size components of various sedimentary dynamic processes and sources in the sediment. The result shows great spatial difference of the mean grain sizes (mainly varying between 70 and 230 μm). Parametric EMMA is applied to study the provenance tracing of aeolian sediment, combining with remote sensing images and wind data. Aeolian processes were analyzed by separating and extracting the grain size end-members of nine sections, and four statistical end-members (modal grain size is 8.9, 79.5, 141.6, and 251.8 μm, respectively) were classified from the grain size distribution. It shows that the sedimentary sequences in sections 7 and 8 have high EM2 and EM3 fractions and very low EM4 content at all depths. Based on comprehensive analysis of aeolian sediment grain-size, phenology of ice lake, wind regime and remote sensing images, it revealed that the fine aeolian sediments (sections 7 and 8) on the downwind shore of Ngoring Lake likely transported from the upwind shore, which were blown across the ice-covered lake surface by prevailing west wind in winter and spring, but the coarse sediments could be trapped by ice cracks. Therefore, it’s concluded that the aeolian sediment transport on seasonal ice-covered lakes may lead to the spatial heterogeneity of aeolian sediment grain-size in the SRYR.
Recycling of continental crust materials: Geochemical constraints from post-collisional alkaline intrusive rocks in the Dabie orogen
Authors: Sun Guo-Chao , Xia You-Shan , Wen Gang , Qin Lei , Xu Qing-Yang , Dai Li-Qun , Zhao Zi-Fu 
Published: May 2023

Post-collisional alkaline intrusive rocks from the Dabie orogen were studied for their whole-rock major-trace elements and Sr-Nd-Hf-Pb isotopes, as well as zircon U-Pb ages and Hf-O isotopes. The results provide geochemical constraints on the nature of their mantle sources and thus insight into crust-mantle interaction in the continental collision zone. The alkaline intrusive rocks are composed of syenite and nepheline syenite. Syn-magmatic zircon U-Pb dating by LA-ICP-MS for them yielded Early Cretaceous ages of 131.3 ± 1.4 Ma to 122.6 ± 0.6 Ma, coeval with the post-collisional magmatism in the Dabie orogen. One relict zircon with U-Pb age of 211 Ma is consistent with the timing of metamorphism for the ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks in this orogen. They have arc-like trace element distribution patterns, such as enrichment in LILE (large ion lithophile element) and LREE (light rare earth element) but depletion in HFSE (high field strength element), and enriched whole-rock Sr-Nd-Hf isotope compositions with high (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios of 0.7077–0.7131 but negative εNd(t) values of −16.0 to −9.4 and εHf(t) values of −17.5 to −12.7. Their syn-magmatic zircons have three groups of Hf-O isotope compositions comparable to those of UHP metamorphic rocks in Central-South Dabie and North Dabie, which represent the upper and middle continental crust of the subducted South China Block, respectively. In this regard, slab–mantle interaction is evident during the Triassic continental collision. We suggest that the melts derived from the subducted South China Block reacted with the lithospheric mantle wedge of the North China Block, resulting in phlogopite-bearing metasomatites, whose partial melting would generate the post-collisional alkaline intrusive rocks during the Early Cretaceous.
Altered adolescents obesity metabolism is associated with hypertension: a UPLC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics study
Authors: Wu Zhi-Ping , Wei Wei , Cheng Yuan , Chen Jing-Yi , Liu Yang , Liu Shan , Hu Meng-Die , Zhao Heng , Li Xiao-Feng , Chen Xin 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the relationship between the plasma metabolites of adolescent obesity and hypertension and whether metabolite alterations had a mediating effort between adolescent obesity and hypertension.MethodsWe applied untargeted ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) to detect the plasma metabolomic profiles of 105 adolescents. All participants were selected randomly based on a previous cross-sectional study. An orthogonal partial least squares- discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), followed by univariate statistics and enrichment analysis, was used to identify differential metabolites. Using logistic regression for variable selection, an obesity-related metabolite score (OMS, OMS=∑k=1nβnmetabolite n) was constructed from the metabolites identified, and hypertension risk was estimated.ResultsIn our study, based on P&lt; 0.05, variable importance in projection (VIP) &gt; 1.0, and impact value &gt; 0.1, we identified a total of 12 differential metabolites. Significantly altered metabolic pathways were the sphingolipid metabolism, purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, phospholipid metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine biosynthesis. The logistic regression selection resulted in a four-metabolite score (thymidine, sphingomyelin (SM) d40:1, 4-hydroxyestradiol, and L-lysinamide), which was positively associated with hypertension risk (odds ratio: 7.79; 95% confidence interval: 2.13, 28.47; for the quintile 4 compared with quartile 1 of OMS) after multivariable adjustment.ConclusionsThe OMS constructed from four differential metabolites was used to predict the risk of hypertension in adolescents. These findings could provide sensitive biomarkers for the early recognition of hypertension in adolescents with obesity.
Soil and groundwater contamination by crude oil spillage: A review and implications for remediation projects in Nigeria
Authors: Adeniran Margaret A. , Oladunjoye Michael A. , Doro Kennedy O. 
Published: May 2023

Management of soil and groundwater resources has been recognized as essential to meeting the sustainable development goals of Agenda 2063 of the African Union. As Africa’s fastest growing population with over 200 million people, Nigeria is responsible for leading the continent’s environmental sustainability goal. Nigeria has seen a sizable number of crude oil spillages that have contaminated its soils and groundwater resources, and several of these contaminated sites are to be cleaned up yet. There needs to be more scientific data to design an effective cleanup and to manage the soil and groundwater resources effectively. So far, the only extensive crude oil-contaminated site remediation project documented is on Ogoniland in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. However, this project resulted in less effective, albeit temporary, cleanup solutions. This review presents a state-of-the-art synthesis of research on soil and groundwater contamination by crude oil. It includes sections on processes, measurements, predictions, and management, as well as an analysis of the state and challenges in Nigeria. In-depth field, laboratory, and computer models for crude oil contamination investigation have been developed with over 60 years of significant research. However, studies and case projects in Nigeria have relied on point sampling to determine the concentration of crude oil contaminants in soil and groundwater. This method offers limited information on the solute concentration and hydraulic distribution, which regulates pollutant mobility within the subsurface. The absence of baseline and high-resolution subsurface characterization data has also resulted in a need for more process-based knowledge to direct the development of site-specific remediation strategies. As a result, it is challenging to design a conceptual model that is detailed enough to help with predictions of the flow dynamics of crude oil contaminants in the unsaturated and saturated zones. It is anticipated that this review will stimulate further multidisciplinary research through site evaluation and monitoring to provide reliable information that can be used to develop appropriate model-based remediation solutions.
Large variation in Mekong river plastic transport between wet and dry season
Authors: van Emmerik Tim H. M. , Schreyers Louise J. , Mellink Yvette A. M. , Sok Ty , Arias Mauricio E. 
Published: May 2023

Plastic pollution in rivers is of increased global concern. Rivers act both as pathways for land-based plastic waste into the ocean, and as plastic reservoirs for long-term retention. Reliable observations are key to designing, optimizing and evaluating strategies to prevent and reduce plastic pollution. Several measurement methods have been developed to quantify macroplastic (>0.5 cm) storage and transport in rivers, including visual counting from bridges, net sampling, and images-based techniques. Method harmonization is crucial to make sure data collected using different techniques remains consistent. In turn, this would allow for comparative analysis of plastic pollution within and between rivers. In this paper, we present a harmonization approach to estimate floating plastic item and mass transport from data collected using different methods. The approach allows estimating the same values based on different measurement methods and data collection protocols. We applied our approach to the Mekong-Tonlé Sap-Bassac river system around the city of Phnom Penh, Cambodia. We estimated the floating plastic item and mass transport in the wet and dry season by combining data from net sampling and visual counting. During the wet season, plastic transport in the Mekong increased with a factor of up to 170 (item transport) and 294 (mass transport) compared to the dry season. The river plastic mass balance around Phnom Penh changed considerably, which was mainly due to the flow reversal of Tonlé Sap river between the wet and dry season. Downstream of Phnom Penh, the total plastic transport was consistently higher than upstream, although less in the wet season (1.5–1.7 times) compared to the dry season (3.8–5.9 times), emphasizing the city’s role as entry point of plastic pollution into the Mekong. The largest sources of uncertainty are assumed to be caused by key differences between methods, including the size ranges, extrapolation from observation point to full river width, and the contribution of submerged plastic to the total transport. Future work should focus on including data from other methods than net sampling and visual counting, and reducing the uncertainties related to combining data from different methods. Our results show that river plastic transport dynamics are highly variable over time and space, especially around confluences, bifurcations and urban areas. With our paper we aim to contribute to further harmonization of river plastic monitoring.
Privacy and utility of genetic testing in families with hereditary cancer syndromes living in three countries: the international cascade genetic screening experience
Authors: Barnoy Sivia , Dagan Efrat , Kim Sue , Caiata-Zufferey Maria , Katapodi Maria C. ,   the CASCADE,   the K-CASCADE Consortia
Published: May 2023

Background:Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer and Lynch syndrome are associated with increased lifetime risk for common cancers. Offering cascade genetic testing to cancer-free relatives of individuals with HBOC or LS is a public health intervention for cancer prevention. Yet, little is known about the utility and value of information gained from cascade testing. This paper discusses ELSI encountered during the implementation of cascade testing in three countries with national healthcare systems: Switzerland, Korea, and Israel.Methods:A workshop presented at the 5th International ELSI Congress discussed implementation of cascade testing in the three countries based on exchange of data and experiences from the international CASCADE cohort.Results:Analyses focused on models of accessing genetic services (clinic-based versus population-based screening), and models of initiating cascade testing (patient-mediated dissemination versus provider-mediated dissemination of testing results to relatives). The legal framework of each country, organization of the healthcare system, and socio-cultural norms determined the utility and value of genetic information gained from cascade testing.Conclusion:The juxtaposition of individual versus public health interests generates significant ELSI controversies associated with cascade testing, which compromise access to genetic services and the utility and value of genetic information, despite national healthcare/universal coverage.
A deletion variant Arg616 of androgen receptor in a Chinese family with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome
Authors: Ding Leilei , Zhang Duoduo , Yao Fengxia , Luo Min , Deng Shan , Tian Qinjie 
Published: May 2023

Background: Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS, OMIM; 300068) is a disorder of sex development with X-linked recessive inheritance. Cases of CAIS usually present as female phenotype, with primary amenorrhea and/or inguinal hernia. Family aggregation is a rare scenario.Methods: This study is a retrospective analysis of CAIS cases in a three-generation pedigree. The patients’ genomes were determined by sequencing the androgen receptor (AR) gene. The clinical data of the patients, including manifestations, hormone levels, and AR variants, were analyzed.Results: Sixteen people in this family were involved. A deletion variant (c.1847_1849del; p. Arg616del) was identified in exon 3 of AR, which encodes the DNA binding domain. Until now, four patients and four carriers have been identified in three generations of this family. All the patients live as female, and one has developed gonadal malignancy.Conclusion: The present study identified a deletion variant in three generations of a family with CAIS, including four carriers and four patients. This study verified the genetic pattern and the corresponding clinical characteristics of CAIS. Furthermore, a case with gonadal malignancy was discovered. The information on diagnosis and treatment in this pedigree is useful for prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling of similar families.
Genome-wide association study for carcass weight in pasture-finished beef cattle in Hawai’i
Authors: Adhikari Mandeep , Kantar Michael B. , Longman Ryan J. , Lee C. N. , Oshiro Melelani , Caires Kyle , He Yanghua 
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified genetic markers for cattle production and reproduction traits. Several publications have reported Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) for carcass-related traits in cattle, but these studies were rarely conducted in pasture-finished beef cattle. Hawai’i, however, has a diverse climate, and 100% of its beef cattle are pasture-fed.Methods: Blood samples were collected from 400 cattle raised in Hawai’i islands at the commercial harvest facility. Genomic DNA was isolated, and 352 high-quality samples were genotyped using the Neogen GGP Bovine 100 K BeadChip. SNPs that did not meet the quality control standards were removed using PLINK 1.9, and 85 k high-quality SNPs from 351 cattle were used for association mapping with carcass weight using GAPIT (Version 3.0) in R 4.2. Four models were used for the GWAS analysis: General Linear Model (GLM), the Mixed Linear Model (MLM), the Fixed and Random Model Circulating Probability Unification (FarmCPU), the Bayesian-Information and Linkage-Disequilibrium Iteratively Nested Keyway (BLINK).Results and Discussion: Our results indicated that the two multi-locus models, FarmCPU and BLINK, outperformed single-locus models, GLM and MLM, in beef herds in this study. Specifically, five significant SNPs were identified using FarmCPU, while BLINK and GLM each identified the other three. Also, three of these eleven SNPs (“BTA-40510-no-rs”, “BovineHD1400006853”, and “BovineHD2100020346”) were shared by multiple models. The significant SNPs were mapped to genes such as EIF5, RGS20, TCEA1, LYPLA1, and MRPL15, which were previously reported to be associated with carcass-related traits, growth, and feed intake in several tropical cattle breeds. This confirms that the genes identified in this study could be candidate genes for carcass weight in pasture-fed beef cattle and can be selected for further breeding programs to improve the carcass yield and productivity of pasture-finished beef cattle in Hawai’i and beyond.
Comparative transcriptome analysis provides insights into molecular pathway and genes associated with head-type formation and phenotypic divergence in Chinese cabbage
Authors: Meng Chuan , Liu Xiaodong , Wu Fang , Ma Lei , Wang Yuhai , Mu Jingui , Wang Mingqiu 
Published: May 2023

Background: The heading type of Chinese cabbage is a significant commercial trait with high economic value. At present, research on the phenotypic divergence and formation mechanism of heading type is limited.Results: Through comparative-transcriptome analysis, the formation and phenotypic divergence mechanism of the leafy head of diploid overlapping type cabbage, diploid outward-curling type cabbage, tetraploid overlapping type cabbage, and tetraploid outward-curling type cabbage were systematically and comprehensively investigated, and the phenotype-specific genes of four varieties were revealed. These phenotype-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were considered crucial for cabbage heading type through WGCNA. Some transcription factors have been predicted as significant genes for phenotypic divergence, including the members of the bHLH, AP2/ERF-ERF, WRKY, MYB, NAC, and C2CH2 families. Phytohormone-related genes, including abscisic acid/auxin hormone, may play an important role in the phenotypic divergence of head type in cabbage.Conclusion: Comparative-transcriptome analysis supports a role for phytohormone-related genes and some transcription factors in head-type formation and divergence for four cultivars. These findings increase our understanding of the molecular basis for pattern formation and divergence of the leafy heads of Chinese cabbage and will contribute to developing more desirable leafy head patterns.