bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The separation of fine minerals in the synergy between the vertical fluidization section and inclined channels of the reflux classifier
Authors: Zhang Zhiyuan , Fang Jiahao , Jing Longlong , Li Yanfeng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn the gravity separation of fine minerals, the misfit phenomenon caused by particle size cannot be completely overcome, which makes it difficult to effectively recover useful minerals of a given density. In this paper, a novel reflux classifier (RC) experimental equipment was designed in which the cross‐sectional area of the inclined channel is smaller than that of the vertical portion. As the rising water entered the inclined channel, its velocity increases, leading to a higher shear rate. A series of particle fractionation experiments were conducted in this paper to examine the effect of synergy between the inclined and vertical sections of the RC on weakening the segregation arising from the particle size range. Sand, glass bead, and magnetite particles were used in separate investigations. An empirical equation for predicting the rising water fluidization flow rates that put the particles in a critical state was developed to describe the broad range of experimental data. The results show that the novel RC system creates a more suitable fluid environment through the synergy of vertical and inclined sections, allowing for the complete separation of sand and magnetite mixtures, as well as the separation of particles with different particle sizes but the same terminal settling velocity at the same flow rate. This indicates a reduced dependence on particle size for separation. The theoretical model can accurately predict the fluidization rate and the particle size composition of the separated product.
Highly transparent antibacterial polystyrene/styrene‐butadiene block copolymer/polyhexamethylene guanidine composite
Authors: Song Yinghui , Zhang Mingfa , Yin Lu , Sun Zhaobo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe combination of transparency, antibacterial activity, and flexbility is of great importance for practical applications in industry. However, this remains a huge challenge to date. In this work, a ternary system of polystyrene (PS), styrene‐butadiene block copolymer (SBC), and polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) is reported via a green melt blending method. Because of the excellent compatibility of the components, the elongation at break of the composite increased by 3.0%. The composite shows high optical transparency of 81.8% owing to the similar refractive index of PS, SBC, and PHMG. More importantly, the addition of 0.3 wt% PHMG endows the composite with splendid antibacterial property, which eliminates 99.9% of E. coli and restrains the formation of the biological membrane. The composite is expected to find promising applications in medical industry and electrical apparatus.
Towards safe phosphine oxides photoinitiators with good cytocompatibility for 3D printing of thermoplastics
Authors: Buchon Loïc , Becht Jean‐Michel , Rubatat Laurent , Wang Wei , Wei Hua , Xiao Pu , Lalevee Jacques 
Published: September 2023

Abstract3D printing is the technology of choice for the rapid production of objects with complex morphologies and controlled physical and chemical properties. 3D printing by photopolymerization is of great interest because of its ability to access very small scales and its high resolution. In the case of recent 3D printers, the preferred wavelength for light irradiation is 405 nm since it is a safe and energy‐economical irradiation. For 3D printing to be effective, it is therefore necessary to develop easily accessible, stable and highly efficient photoinitiating systems at the 405 nm wavelength. Beside, with the increasing use of photoinitiators, it is essential to develop structures with low cytotoxicity. Hence, the development of new photoinitiators is currently of major interest. To this end, the photochemical properties (triplet energy, bond dissociation energy, cleavage reaction enthalpy, and absorption properties) of several molecules have been calculated by molecular modeling and the most promising compounds have been synthesized. In this paper, four phosphine oxides photoinitiators (ADPO‐1, CPO‐2, CPO‐3, and FPO‐1) are synthesized and characterized. Subsequently, their absorption properties are measured and their efficiencies in photopolymerization under LED irradiation at 405 nm are evaluated. It is important to note that these structures have never been reported in 3D printing. Markedly, among the obtained photoinitiators, two of them show better efficiency than the commercially available and widely used phenylbis(2,4,6‐trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (BAPO) in photopolymerization (i.e., (Rp/[M0]) x100 values are 6.94, 12.95, and 4.93 s−1 for CPO‐2, ADPO‐1, and BAPO; with [M0] the initial acrylate function concentration). Furthermore, one of the synthesized photoinitiators is successfully used in 3D printing of thermoplastics for potential recycling ability. Finally, one of the obtained structures shows a lower cytotoxicity than the benchmark structure diphenyl(2,4,6‐trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (TPO).
The fossil record of appendicular muscle evolution in Synapsida on the line to mammals: Part II—Hindlimb
Authors: Bishop Peter J. , Pierce Stephanie E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper is the second in a two‐part series that charts the evolution of appendicular musculature along the mammalian stem lineage, drawing upon the exceptional fossil record of extinct synapsids. Here, attention is focused on muscles of the hindlimb. Although the hindlimb skeleton did not undergo as marked a transformation on the line to mammals as did the forelimb skeleton, the anatomy of extant tetrapods indicates that major changes to musculature have nonetheless occurred. To better understand these changes, this study surveyed the osteological evidence for muscular attachments in extinct mammalian and nonmammalian synapsids, two extinct amniote outgroups, and a large selection of extant mammals, saurians, and salamanders. Observations were integrated into an explicit phylogenetic framework, comprising 80 character–state complexes covering all muscles crossing the hip, knee, and ankle joints. These were coded for 33 operational taxonomic units spanning >330 Ma of tetrapod evolution, and ancestral state reconstruction was used to evaluate the sequence of muscular evolution along the stem lineage from Amniota to Theria. The evolutionary history of mammalian hindlimb musculature was complex, nonlinear, and protracted, with several instances of convergence and pulses of anatomical transformation that continued well into the crown group. Numerous traits typically regarded as characteristically “mammalian” have much greater antiquity than previously recognized, and for some traits, most synapsids are probably more reflective of the ancestral amniote condition than are extant saurians. More broadly, this study highlights the utility of the fossil record in interpreting the evolutionary appearance of distinctive anatomies.
Mechanochemical activation of NHC–CS2 adducts for the generation of N‐heterocyclic carbenes
Authors: Park Subin , Kim Youngsuk 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStable N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have garnered significant attention in synthetic chemistry due to their versatile applications. In this study, we explored a novel mechanochemical method for the generation of free carbenes, which could be a good complement to traditional approaches that require strong bases or reductants. Ball milling of NHC–CS2 adducts at room temperature successfully resulted in the quantitative formation of free carbenes that can be subsequently trapped by sulfur or selenium. Importantly, heating NHC–CS2 adducts in solution phase did not lead to the successful generation of free carbenes, in agreement with the high activation energy required for NHC–CS2 dissociation. These findings underscore the potential of ball milling as a robust and versatile approach for generating NHCs from stable NHC‐small molecule adducts, and opens new avenues for developing mechanochemical strategies for generating valuable NHC‐derived compounds.
Proactive boundary‐spanning search, organizational resilience, and radical green innovation
Authors: Xue Chun , Wang Juanru 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRadical green innovation has emerged as an effective strategy for firms to achieve sustainable development in the volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity (VUCA) environment. Although the importance of external knowledge acquisition has been recognized, the mechanism of how proactive boundary‐spanning search affects radical green innovation is still blurred. Drawing on the resource‐based view and dynamic capabilities theory, this research discusses the impact of two types of proactive boundary‐spanning search on radical green innovation and considers the mediating role of organizational resilience and the moderating role of big data analytics capability. Based on data collected from 294 manufacturing firms in China, the results show that both value‐chain‐based proactive search and industry–university‐based proactive search positively influence radical green innovation. Furthermore, organizational resilience fully mediates the relationship between value‐chain‐based proactive search and radical green innovation, and partially mediates the relationship between industry–university‐based proactive search and radical green innovation. Moreover, we demonstrate that big data analytics capability moderates the relationship between industry–university‐based proactive search and radical green innovation. This research clarifies not only the mechanism of proactive boundary‐spanning search driving radical green innovation by highlighting the mediating role of organizational resilience and the moderating role of big data analytics capability, but also provides theoretical and managerial implications for manufacturing firms and other stakeholders to carry out radical green innovation.
Exploring the delivery of community‐based trauma support by volunteer counsellors in a South African context
Authors: Henning‐Pugh Mariette , Frith Hannah , Troops Mon Ami Trauma 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSouth Africa experiences high levels of violence and trauma in a context where formal mental healthcare is not widely accessible. Lay (non‐professional) trauma counselling services, staffed by volunteers, often fill this gap in provision. Extant research highlights the risk of secondary traumatic stress and burnout for volunteers, and although volunteering is often a collective activity, research typically focuses on the individual volunteer's characteristics, motivations and attitudes. Drawing on a case study with one organisation, this study explores lay counsellors' experiences of providing voluntary emotional support in a context of high trauma and low resources. Semi‐structured interviews with volunteers (n = 12) explored the nature of the work, reasons for volunteering and perceptions of the organisation. Thematic analysis generated two overarching themes, each with three subthemes: ‘We serve our community’ (sub‐themes: ‘Giving back to our community’, ‘Need outstrips resources’ and ‘Being there is powerful’) and ‘We are family’ (sub‐themes: ‘Being there for each other’, ‘Working through the work’ and ‘Being put in a safety net’). Findings illustrate how organisations with few resources can mitigate the psychological risks of trauma‐focused work by fostering strong bonds, collective identity and an ethos of care.
Near‐infrared spectroscopy enables quality selection in wheat breeding
Authors: Walker Cassandra K. , Panozzo Joe F. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesNear‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and small‐scale testing are used to evaluate wheat germplasm is a cost‐effective strategy to reduce thousands of wheat lines to hundreds and then to tens of lines. Identification of high‐quality germplasm among thousands of lines is dependent on the accuracy of the tests that are used and how well these data correlate with the large‐scale tests that are used to confirm the end‐use quality before commercial release of a new wheat variety. In this study, NIR‐based testing was investigated to determine the effectiveness of this high‐throughput, nondestructive technology.FindingsTo demonstrate the effectiveness of NIRS and small‐scale testing as a selection strategy, interpretive population statistics evaluating three consecutive generations (F4, F5, and F6) from a wheat breeding program were compared. The F4 (early stage) generation (2019) was predicted for milling yield with a proportion of 13.9% of lines above 74% (w/w) milling yield. From those lines that progressed to F5 (mid‐generation in 2020), the proportion increased to 26.2% of lines above 74% (w/w) milling yield. Selected lines from F5 were progressed to F6 (advanced generation in 2021), where 62.4% of lines were above 74% (w/w) milling yield.ConclusionsEach time the set progressed through the selection strategy, the portion of lines above 74% (w/w) milling yield increased.Significance and NoveltyThis study demonstrates the value and efficiency of high‐throughput selection strategies using nondestructive NIRS at the F4 (early‐stage generation) stage and small‐scale testing at the F5 stage of a wheat breeding program.
Pt Nanoparticles on Beta zeolites for Catalytic Toluene Oxidation: Effect of the Hydroxyl Groups of Beta Zeolite**
Authors: Zou Run , Chansai Sarayute , Xu Shaojun , An Bing , Zainal Shima , Zhou Yangtao , Xin Ruojia , Gao Pan , Hou Guangjin , D'Agostino Carmine , Holmes Stuart M. , Hardacre Christopher , Jiao Yilai , Fan Xiaolei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStabilisation of metal species using hydroxyl‐rich dealuminated zeolites is a promising method for catalysis. However, insights into the interactions between the hydroxyl groups in zeolite and noble metals and their effects on catalysis are not yet fully understood. Herein, comparative studies were conducted using Pt catalysts supported on hydroxyl‐rich dealuminated Beta (deAl‐Beta) and the pristine proton‐form Beta (H‐Beta) for catalytic oxidation of toluene. The findings suggest that during impregnation the Pt precursor (i. e., Pt(NH3)4(NO3)2) interacted with different sites on deAl‐Beta and H‐Beta, leading to the formation of supported Pt nanoparticles with different physicochemical properties. In detail, for H‐Beta, the Pt precursor interacted with Al‐OH and isolated external Si‐OH sites, yielding Pt NPs with a higher Pt0 proportion of ~71 % compared to ~57 % Pt0 on deAl‐Beta. Comparatively, abundant hydroxyl groups on deAl‐Beta such as silanol nest and isolated internal Si‐OH stabilised highly active Pt‐O species. The resulting Pt/deAl‐Beta exhibited improved activity and anti‐coking ability than Pt/H‐Beta in catalytic toluene oxidation. For example, the temperature for 50 % toluene conversion was 193 °C for Pt/deAl‐Beta vs. 232 °C for Pt/H‐Beta, and the coke deposition was 1.7 % vs. 6.7 % (after the 24‐h longevity test), respectively. According to the toluene‐temperature programmed desorption (toluene‐TPD), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) relaxation and in situ diffuse reflection Fourier transform spectroscopy (in situ DRIFTS) characterisation, the enhanced performance of Pt/deAl‐Beta could be ascribed to (i) the active Pt‐O sites stabilised by hydroxyl groups, which interact with toluene easily for conversion, and (ii) the acid‐free feature of the deAl‐Beta support, which avoids the formation of coke precursors (such as benzoate species) on the catalyst surface. Findings of the work can serve as the design guidelines for making effective supported metal catalysts using zeolitic carriers.
Stability of Bipolar Plate Materials for Proton‐Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers: Dissolution of Titanium and Stainless Steel in DI Water and Highly Diluted Acid
Authors: Fiedler Lena , Ma Tien‐Ching , Fritsch Birk , Risse Jan H. , Lechner Michael , Dworschak Dominik , Merklein Marion , Mayrhofer Karl J. J. , Hutzler Andreas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe widespread use of proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWE) is hindered by their high cost, of which a colossal factor is caused by the bipolar plates (BPP). In this paper, we investigate the stability of two BPP materials on‐line with an optimized scanning flow cell setup coupled to an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (SFC‐ICP‐MS), as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The stability of currently used titanium and a cheaper alternative, stainless steel (SS) 316L, were characterized in deionized (DI) water and 0.5 mM H2SO4 to mimic the conditions at the BPP under operation. We show that the dissolution of Ti is negligible, whereas SS 316L degrades notably. Here, besides pH, the applied potentials play a crucial role. Nonetheless, even for the highest measured dissolution rate of SS 316L, the contamination in a full cell is estimated to remain below 1 ppm. This work illustrates the capabilities of on‐line high‐throughput stability tests for BPP materials and could therefore contribute towards optimization of cost‐effective PEMWE.
A Methoxylation‐Promoted CPET Reaction
Authors: Mukherjee Souvik , Maji Kuntal , Saha Pinaki , Ghosh Prasanta 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe manuscript discloses a methoxylation reaction to an aromatic carbonyl function that carries out a CPET reaction oxidizing a transition metal ion. Spontaneous methoxylation of a redox non‐innocent fragment coordinated to a high spin cobalt(II) ion, promoted concerted proton electron transfer (CPET) reaction oxidizing cobalt(II) to cobalt(III) in air and subsequent demethoxylation induced reduction of cobalt(III) to cobalt(II) producing H2O2 are authenticated. The cobalt(III)/cobalt(II) electron transfer (ET) potential of the designed complex in CH2Cl2 is −0.27 V vs Fc+/Fc redox couple. However, in presence of MeOH the reduction potential decreases to −1.02 V due to CPET involving MeOH proton. In CH2Cl2/CHCl3 spontaneous demethoxylation occurs giving back the original complex and reactive methoxyl radical that reacts with O2 producing H2O2. Overall one molecule of MeOH produces one molecule of H2O2. To analyze the involvement of the proton, the rate constants of the CPET reactions in CH2Cl2‐MeOH (2 : 1) and CH2Cl2‐CD3OD (2 : 1) and the demethoxylation reaction in CHCl3 at 330 K were determined by time drive UV‐Vis spectroscopy.
Group I Alkoxides and Amylates as Highly Efficient Silicon–Nitrogen Heterodehydrocoupling Precatalysts for the Synthesis of Aminosilanes
Authors: Reuter Matthew B. , Javier‐Jiménez Diego R. , Bushey Claire E. , Waterman Rory 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGroup I alkoxides are highly active precatalysts in the heterodehydrocoupling of silanes and amines to afford aminosilane products. The broadly soluble and commercially available KOtAmyl was utilized as the benchmark precatalyst for this transformation. Challenging substrates such as anilines were found to readily couple primary, secondary, and tertiary silanes in high conversions (>90 %) after only 2 h at 40 °C. Traditionally challenging silanes such as Ph3SiH were also easily coupled to simple primary and secondary amines under mild conditions, with reactivity that rivals many rare earth and transition‐metal catalysts for this transformation. Preliminary evidence suggests the formation of hypercoordinated intermediates, but radicals were detected under catalytic conditions, indicating a mechanism that is rare for Si−N bond formation.
Carbon Monoxide as C1 Building Block in Fine Chemical Synthesis†
Authors: Carrilho Rui M. B. , Calvete Mário J. F. , Mikle Gábor , Kollár László , Pereira Mariette M. 
Published: September 2023

Comprehensive SummaryCarbon monoxide (CO) has become one of the most relevant and versatile renewable C1 building blocks for chemical synthesis, especially in the fine chemicals industry, due to the development of efficient and selective catalysts for its activation. In this review, we present a comprehensive critical analysis of the last 10 years literature on the use of CO as a renewable feedstock for fine chemicals production. The review is organized by type of catalytic reaction, namely alkene and alkyne carbonylation, hydroformylation, carbonylation of aryl halides, carbonylative cross‐coupling and C—H carbonylation. Notable examples of the synthesis of relevant building blocks and/or known pharmaceuticals are highlighted. Emphasis is placed on examples of utilizing CO as the C1 building block in one or more catalytic steps. The catalyst used and the reaction conditions are consistently presented throughout all of the examples.
Bioequivalence of Reference and Biosimilar Preparations of Premixed Biphasic Insulin Aspart: A Comparative Clamp Study
Authors: Dorotenko Artem , Makarenko Igor , Karonova Tatiana , Protsenko Ekaterina , Gefen Maria , Galstyan Gagik , Antonova Elizaveta , Shitov Leonid , Dzhurko Yurij , Drai Roman 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBiphasic insulin aspart 30 is a premixed formulation containing a soluble fraction of insulin aspart (30%) and a protamine‐crystallized fraction (70%) that was developed to combine the rapid‐acting and prolonged advantages of commercially available insulins. The aim of this bioequivalence study was to compare the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of GP‐bi‐asp and Novo‐bi‐asp, and evaluate the pharmacodynamic (PD) properties as well as the safety of these drugs in the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (HEC) procedure. This was a phase 1, randomized, double‐blind, 2‐sequence, 2‐period crossover study. Thirty‐four male volunteers who met the inclusion criteria underwent the HEC procedure following a single subcutaneous injection of 0.4 IU/kg of either GP‐bi‐asp or Novo‐bi‐asp in the abdomen. After the treatment, the subjects’ plasma glucose levels were monitored for 24 hours and the glucose infusion rate (GIR) was adjusted to maintain the target blood glucose level. The PD parameters were calculated using GIR values. Insulin aspart concentrations were measured in blood plasma using validated ELISA assays to evaluate the PK parameters of the investigated drugs. The 90% confidence intervals for the geometric mean ratios of PK (Cins and AUCins–T) parameters of Gp‐bi‐asp and Novo‐bi‐asp were close to 100% and within the 80%‐125% limits for establishing bioequivalence. The safety profiles of both drugs were also comparable.
Sequence‐Specific Relay Recognition of Multiple Anions: An Interplay between Proton Donors and Acceptors
Authors: Fernandes Rikitha S , Paul Suvendu , Dey Nilanjan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRatiometric detection of analyte is highly deserving since the technique is free from background correction. This work reports the design and synthesis of a pyridine‐end oligo p‐phenylenevinylene (OPV) derivative, 1 and its application in ratiometric dual‐mode (both colorimetric and fluorogenic) recognition of dual anions, bisulfate (LOD=12.5 ppb) followed by fluoride (LOD=18.2 ppb) by sequence‐specific relay (SPR) technique. The colorless probe turns brown with addition of bisulfate and again becomes colorless with the sequential addition of fluoride ion. In addition to such naked‐eye color change, interestingly the ratiometric spectroscopic signals are reversible and evidently, the probe is reusable for several cycles. Besides, in presence of bisulfate, the protonated probe molecules, owing to their larger amphiphilic characteristics, formed self‐assembled nanostructures. In addition to colorimetric and fluorescent changes, 1H NMR titration and systematic DFT study evidently establish the underneath proton transfer mechanisms. Such reusable OPV‐based chemosensor particularly with the capability of naked‐eye recognition of dual anions using the SPR technique is seminal and possibly the first report in the literature.