bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing language teacher identity through photo‐elicitation in TESOL teacher education
Authors: Weng Zhenjie , Troyan Francis John 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis feature article introduces the use of photo elicitation as a reflection technique for TESOL teacher education to explore the connection between emotions and language teacher identity (LTI). In current TESOL teacher education, there is limited knowledge about how to integrate the discussion of emotions and LTI into language teacher education courses and how to engage students in this discussion intentionally and effectively. To address this gap, the authors advocate for the use of an alternative approach—photo‐elicitation—to further enrich the reflection techniques that can be used to encourage teacher candidates to discuss and construct LTI through their emotional experiences. The article includes a series of tasks that can be used in TESOL teacher education courses to engage teacher candidates in reflecting upon their emotional experiences and making the connection to their LTI construction.
Using observational mean‐flow data to drive large‐eddy simulations of a diurnal cycle at the SWiFT site
Authors: Allaerts Dries , Quon Eliot , Churchfield Matt 
Published: March 2023

AbstractReproducing realistic date‐ and site‐specific unsteady wind conditions in large‐eddy simulations is becoming increasingly useful in wind energy. How to run a large‐eddy simulation to match observed conditions, however, remains an open research question. One approach that has received considerable attention is mesoscale‐to‐microscale coupling, in which information about the mesoscale weather, most commonly acquired from a mesoscale numerical weather model, is passed on to a microscale model. In this paper, we demonstrate how the recently developed profile‐assimilation technique, a form of mesoscale‐to‐microscale coupling, can be used to drive large‐eddy simulations solely based on observed mean‐flow profiles at a single location, bypassing the need for auxiliary mesoscale simulations. The new approach is evaluated for a diurnal cycle at the Scaled Wind Farm Technology site. Observed mean‐flow profiles from the ground up to a height of 2 km are reconstructed by aggregating measurements from multiple instruments, and gaps in the data are infilled with natural neighbor interpolation. We perform nine simulations using various forcing approaches to deal with data limitations. The results show that it is indeed possible to drive microscale large‐eddy simulation with observations using the profile‐assimilation technique, notwithstanding large gaps in virtual potential temperature measurements. However, profile assimilation with vertical smoothing of the error between the desired and actual profiles is required. Without that smoothing, the microscale simulations develop unrealistically high turbulence levels under many situations. Finally, we show that simulated mesoscale data can account for missing observations, although care is needed as both data sources are not necessarily compatible.
Numerical investigation of heat transfer in the presences of thermo‐cross diffusion gradients on flow over a curved geometry
Authors: Ullah Basharat , Al Qahtani Salman A. , Dahshan Mostafa , Wahab Hafiz Abdul , Khan Umar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHere, we examine the behavior of micropolar fluids as they travel through a curved stretching surface. We integrate thermo‐diffusion and diffusion‐thermo effects into the temperature and concentration equations to study the impact of cross‐diffusion gradients on velocities, temperatures, and concentrations. The equations governing the flow are nonlinear, thus by applying practical similarity transformations, we obtain a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations that can be solved. Using the Runge–Kutta numerical procedure, we are able to determine an answer to the modified system. The profiles of velocity, concentration, and temperature are shown, along with the influence of non‐dimensional parameters on those variables. The skin friction coefficient, as well as the Nusselt and Sherwood numbers, is computed numerically, and their fluctuations as a function of various parameters are investigated. The implications of these findings for engineering and industry are greater.
On representations of direct products and the bounded generation property of branch groups
Authors: Kionke Steffen , Schesler Eduard 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe prove that the minimal representation dimension of a direct product G of non-abelian groups $$G_1,\ldots ,G_n$$

G
1

,
…
,

G
n

is bounded below by $$n+1$$

n
+
1

and thereby answer a question of Abért. If each $$G_i$$

G
i

is moreover non-solvable, then this lower bound can be improved to be 2n. By combining this with results of Pyber, Segal, and Shusterman on the structure of boundedly generated groups, we show that branch groups cannot be boundedly generated.
A model for boundary dynamics of Baker domains
Authors: Fagella Núria , Jové Anna 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe consider the transcendental entire function $$ f(z)=z+e^{-z} $$

f

(
z
)

=
z
+

e

-
z

, which has a doubly parabolic Baker domain U of degree two, i.e. an invariant stable component for which all iterates converge locally uniformly to infinity, and for which the hyperbolic distance between successive iterates converges to zero. It is known from general results that the dynamics on the boundary is ergodic and recurrent and that the set of points in $$ \partial U $$

∂
U

whose orbit escapes to infinity has zero harmonic measure. For this model we show that stronger results hold, namely that this escaping set is non-empty, and it is organized in curves encoded by some symbolic dynamics, whose closure is precisely $$ \partial U $$

∂
U

. We also prove that nevertheless, all escaping points in $$ \partial U $$

∂
U

are non-accessible from U, as opposed to points in $$ \partial U $$

∂
U

having a bounded orbit, which are all accessible. Moreover, repelling periodic points are shown to be dense in $$ \partial U $$

∂
U

, answering a question posted in (Barański et al. in J Anal Math 137:679–706, 2019). None of these features are known to occur for a general doubly parabolic Baker domain.
Spinal cord anomalies in children with anorectal malformations: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: de Beaufort Cunera M. C. , Groenveld Julia C. , Mackay Tara M. , Slot K. Mariam , de Beer Sjoerd A. , de Jong Justin R. , van Schuppen Joost , McDonald Carola J. , Bakker Dewi P. , van den Berg Elske , Kuijper Caroline F. , Gorter Ramon R. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
First, to assess the number of spinal cord anomalies (SCA), specifically tethered spinal cord (TSC) in patients with anorectal malformations (ARM), identified with spinal cord imaging (i.e. spinal cord US and/or MRI). Second, to report outcomes after TSC treatment.

Methods
A retrospective mono-center study was performed. All ARM patients born between January 2000 and December 2021 were included. Screening for SCA consisted of spinal cord US and/or MRI. Radiology reports were scored on presence of SCA. Data were presented with descriptive statistics.

Results
In total, 254 patients were eligible for inclusion, of whom 234 (92.1%) underwent spinal cord imaging. In total, 52 (22.2%) patients had a SCA, diagnosed with US (n = 20, 38.5%), MRI (n = 10, 19.2%), or both US and MRI (n = 22, 42.3%), of whom 12 (23.5%) with simple, 27 (52.7%) intermediate, and 12 (23.5%) complex ARM types. TSC was identified in 19 patients (8.1%), of whom 4 (21.1%) underwent uncomplicated neurosurgical intervention.

Conclusions
SCA were present in 22% of ARM patients both in simple, as well as more complex ARM types. TSC was present in 19 patients with SCA, of whom 4 underwent uncomplicated neurosurgical intervention. Therefore, screening for SCA seems to be important for all ARM patients, regardless of ARM type.

Level of Evidence
Level III.
Analytical and numerical study of a vibrating magnetic inverted pendulum
Authors: Moatimid Galal M. , Amer T. S. , Zekry Marwa H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe current study investigates the stability structure of the base periodic motion of an inverted pendulum (IP). A uniform magnetic field affects the motion in the direction of the plane configuration. Furthermore, a non-conservative force as one that dampens air is considered. Its underlying equation of motion is derived from traditional analytical mechanics. The mathematical analysis is made simpler by substituting the Taylor theory in order to expand the restoring forces. The modified Homotopy perturbation method (HPM) is employed to achieve a roughly adequate regular result. To support the prior result, a numerical method based on the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method (RK4) is employed. The graphs for both the analytic and numerical solutions are highly consistent with one another, which indicates that the perturbation strategy is accurate. The solution time history curve exhibits a decaying performance and indicates that it is steady and without chaos. The resonance and non-resonance cases are found through the stability study by using the time scale method. In all perturbation approaches, the methodology of multiple time scales is actually regarded as a further standard approach. The time history is used to create a collection of graphs. Some graphical representations are used to illustrate how the typical physical values affect the behavior of the discovered solution. It has been discovered that the statically unstable IP can have its instability reduced by raising the spring torsional constant stiffness as well as the damped coefficient. Moreover, the magnetic field has a significant role in the stability configuration, which explains that at higher values of this field, the decaying waves take much more time than the smaller values of this field. Accordingly, it can be employed in various engineering devices that need a certain period of time to be more stable.
Effect of food industry by-products on bacterial cellulose production and its structural properties
Authors: Heydorn Raymond Leopold , Lammers David , Gottschling Martina , Dohnt Katrin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe advances in bioprocess design, genetic engineering, and media optimization have enabled enhanced bacterial cellulose (BC) production and its application for diverse purposes. Following the requirements of a bioeconomy, numerous approaches were conducted to investigate alternative carbon or nitrogen sources from industrial by-products for BC biosynthesis. They can, however, not only affect the BC production but also its properties. Beet molasses, vinasse, and waste beer fermentation broth (WBFB) have thus been investigated in single and combined approaches for their BC production potential and effects on structural properties using Komagataeibacter xylinus DSM 2325. Therefore, the composition of each complex component was initially analyzed for total organic carbon (TOC), total bound nitrogen (TNb), sugars, organic acids, and alcohols. The polymer properties were characterized via gel permeation chromatography and X-ray diffraction. In dynamic shake flask cultivations, the exchange of Hestrin-Schramm (HS) medium components for a combination of all three complex substrates on a TOC- or TNb-based quantity resulted in the highest BC concentration (8.2 g L−1). Comparable concentrations were achieved when combining molasses and WBFB (8.1 g L−1). Each investigated complex component led to differing degrees of polymerization (DPn: 2751−4601) and BC crystallinities (26−58%) in comparison to HS medium. Beet molasses and vinasse were found to decrease the polymer crystallinity but induce higher DPn whereas the opposite occurred for WBFB. This study thus highlights beneficial effects of food industry by-products for BC biosynthesis and elucidates concomitantly occurring structural polymer alterations to enable further studies dealing with alternative substrates for structurally tailored BC production.
Fabrication, Characterization and Adsorption Investigation of Nano Zinc Oxide–Sodium Alginate Beads for Effective Removal of Chromium (VI) from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Hezma A. M. , Shaltout Walaa A. , Kabary Hoda A. , El-Bahy Gamal S. , Abdelrazzak Abdelrazek B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlginate–zinc oxide (Alg–ZnO) biocomposite was synthesized and tested as a chromium ions Cr(VI) adsorbent for environmental applications. Alg–ZnO biocomposite was prepared by the interaction between sodium alginate biopolymer and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO–NPs), prepared by modified wet chemical method. The solid adsorption characteristics of the synthesized Alg–ZnO biocomposite were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV–Vis spectroscopy. Adsorption isotherms of chromium ions on the prepared Alg–ZnO biocomposite were investigated with varying the initial concentration of Cr(VI) under different application conditions such as pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, and temperature. Adsorption of Cr(VI) was investigated by different isotherm models such as Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich models. Maximum adsorption capacities (31.09 and 34.63 mg/g) were achieved by ZnO–NPs and Alg–ZnO, respectively at 25 °C. The results of isotherm models indicate the perfect applicability of Langmuir and Dubinin–Radushkevich models, revealing the dominance of monolayer and the physisorption of chromium ions onto the studied adsorbents.
ReLU Neural Network Galerkin BEM
Authors: Aylwin Rubén , Henríquez Fernando , Schwab Christoph 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe introduce Neural Network (NN for short) approximation architectures for the numerical solution of Boundary Integral Equations (BIEs for short). We exemplify the proposed NN approach for the boundary reduction of the potential problem in two spatial dimensions. We adopt a Galerkin formulation-based method, in polygonal domains with a finite number of straight sides. Trial spaces used in the Galerkin discretization of the BIEs are built by using NNs that, in turn, employ the so-called Rectified Linear Units (ReLU) as the underlying activation function. The ReLU-NNs used to approximate the solutions to the BIEs depend nonlinearly on the parameters characterizing the NNs themselves. Consequently, the computation of a numerical solution to a BIE by means of ReLU-NNs boils down to a fine tuning of these parameters, in network training. We argue that ReLU-NNs of fixed depth and with a variable width allow us to recover well-known approximation rate results for the standard Galerkin Boundary Element Method (BEM). This observation hinges on existing well-known properties concerning the regularity of the solution of the BIEs on Lipschitz, polygonal boundaries, i.e. accounting for the effect of corner singularities, and the expressive power of ReLU-NNs over different classes of functions. We prove that shallow ReLU-NNs, i.e. networks having a fixed, moderate depth but with increasing width, can achieve optimal order algebraic convergence rates. We propose novel loss functions for NN training which are obtained using computable, local residual a posteriori error estimators with ReLU-NNs for the numerical approximation of BIEs. We find that weighted residual estimators, which are reliable without further assumptions on the quasi-uniformity of the underlying mesh, can be employed for the construction of computationally efficient loss functions for ReLU-NN training. The proposed framework allows us to leverage on state-of-the-art computational deep learning technologies such as TENSORFLOW and TPUs for the numerical solution of BIEs using ReLU-NNs. Exploratory numerical experiments validate our theoretical findings and indicate the viability of the proposed ReLU-NN Galerkin BEM approach.
Monoamine oxidase inhibition properties of 2,1-benzisoxazole derivatives
Authors: Shetnev Anton , Kotov Alexandr , Kunichkina Anna , Proskurina Irina , Baykov Sergey , Korsakov Mikhail , Petzer Anél , Petzer Jacobus P. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMonoamine oxidase (MAO) are flavoenzymes that metabolize neurotransmitter, dietary and xenobiotic amines to their corresponding aldehydes with the production of hydrogen peroxide. Two isoforms, MAO-A and MAO-B, are expressed in humans and mammals, and display different substrate and inhibitor specificities as well as different physiological roles. MAO inhibitors are of much therapeutic value and are used for the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders such as depression, anxiety disorders, and Parkinson’s disease. To discover MAO inhibitors with good potencies and interesting isoform specificities, the present study synthesized a series of 2,1-benzisoxazole (anthranil) derivatives and evaluated them as in vitro inhibitors of human MAO. The compounds were in most instances specific inhibitors of MAO-B with the most potent MAO-B inhibition observed for 7a (IC50 = 0.017 µM) and 7b (IC50 = 0.098 µM). The most potent MAO-A inhibition was observed for 3l (IC50 = 5.35 µM) and 5 (IC50 = 3.29 µM). It is interesting to note that 3-(2-aminoethoxy)-1,2-benzisoxazole derivatives, the 1,2-benzisoxazole, zonisamide, as well as the isoxazole compound, leflunomide, have been described as MAO inhibitors. This is however the first report of MAO inhibition by derivatives of the 2,1-benzisoxazole structural isomer.
Graphical abstract
Convolutional neural network based decoders for surface codes
Authors: Bordoni Simone , Giagu Stefano 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe decoding of error syndromes of surface codes with classical algorithms may slow down quantum computation. To overcome this problem it is possible to implement decoding algorithms based on artificial neural networks. This work reports a study of decoders based on convolutional neural networks, tested on different code distances and noise models. The results show that decoders based on convolutional neural networks have good performance and can adapt to different noise models. Moreover, explainable machine learning techniques have been applied to the neural network of the decoder to better understand the behaviour and errors of the algorithm, in order to produce a more robust and performing algorithm.
Effects of grape seed-derived proanthocyanidin B2 pretreatment on oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells in renal ischemia–reperfusion injury model of mice
Authors: Wang Zhi-shun , Shu Bo , Han Qi , Li Guo-hao , Guo Yong-lian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the effect of grape seed-derived proanthocyanidin B2 (GSPB2) pretreatment on acute renal ischemia–reperfusion injury model of mice.

Methods
50 mice were divided into 5 groups: Sham group: mice were treated with right nephrectomy. GSPB2 group: GSPB2 was injected intraperitoneally 45 min before right nephrectomy. IRI group: right kidney was resected and the left renal arteriovenous vessel was blocked for 45 min. GSPB2 + IRI group: GSPB2 was intraperitoneally injected 45 min before IRI established. GSPB2 + BRU + IRI group: GSPB2 and brusatol (BRU) were injected intraperitoneally 45 min before IRI established. Creatinine and urea nitrogen of mice were detected, and the kidney morphology and pathological changes of each group were detected by HE staining, PAS staining and transmission electron microscopy. Expressions of Nrf2, HO-1, GRP78, CHOP, and cleaved-caspase3 were detected by immunofluorescence staining and western blotting.

Results
Morphology and mitochondrial damages of kidney in GSPB2 + IRI group were significantly alleviated than those in IRI group. Expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 were significantly higher in GSPB2 + IRI group than those in IRI group. Expression levels of GRP78, CHOP and cleaved-caspase3 were significantly lower in GSPB2 + IRI group than those in IRI group. However, compared to GSPB2 + IRI group, protective effects of GSPB2 pretreatment were weakened in GSPB2 + BRU + IRI group.

Conclusions
GSPB2 pretreatment could alleviate oxidative stress damage and reduce apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells, which might be related to activating the antioxidant system, up-regulating the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1, inhibiting the expressions of GRP78, CHOP and cleaved-caspase3. However, the protective effect could be reversed by brusatol.
Sex Differences in Sexual Satisfaction and Psychological Symptoms in Young Adult Pornography Users
Authors: Czajeczny Dominik , Aurast Zuzanna , Godlewska Karolina , Mojs Ewa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractResearch indicates that men and women have different preferences and patterns of sexual behavior and the use of pornographic content. It is commonly found that men use porn more frequently. A recent study found sex differences in motivations behind porn use. Authors speculated that different motivations might lead to different outcomes. The presented study aimed to compare sex differences in the associations between pornography use, sexual satisfaction, and occurrence of psychological symptoms between high and low pornography users sampled from the general population. A sample of 179 participants between the ages of 18 to 37 completed the questionnaire containing questions about demographic data, manner, and frequency of porn use and two psychometric scales: the General Functioning Scale GFQ-58 (assessing broad psychological symptoms) and the Sexual Satisfaction Scale SSC. In general, females in the study obtained higher scores on the General Functioning Scale, presenting more psychological symptoms. Still, when considering the frequency and manner of porn use, it is men in which increased porn use was found to be associated with psychological symptoms. Presented data provide evidence that men and women might have different motivations, leading to varying outcomes of porn use. This further supports the hypothesis that it is not porn that is inherently harmful, but rather why and how you use it.
Loading of zinc oxide nanoparticles from green synthesis on the low cost and eco-friendly activated carbon and its application for diazinon removal: isotherm, kinetics and retrieval study
Authors: Pourali Peyman , Rashtbari Yousef , Behzad Aylar , Ahmadfazeli Ali , Poureshgh Yousef , Dargahi Abdollah 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDiazinon (DZN) has been reported as an important pesticide with wide application in agriculture. The entry of these compounds into water resources has brought serious environmental problems due to their resistance to biodegradation; thus, this study was considered to be done to explore the process of DZN uptake and the influence of effective parameters. The study was performed experimentally and on a laboratory scale. Investigating the structure and morphology of the nanocomposite was done based on different analyses, i.e., FE-SEM, FTIR, and XRD. The experiments based on the Box–Behnken scheme were performed by surveying four important operating parameters (pH, contact time, nanocomposite dose, and DZN concentration). Optimization was performed by experiment design software and using the response surface method and analysis of the proposed model. The DZN removal efficiency was obtained 100% under optimal conditions including pH = 5, nanocomposite dose = 0.83 g/L, reaction time = 55 min, and DZN concentration = 5 mg/L. Considering the high correlation coefficient R2 = (0.9873) and $$R_{{{\text{Adj}}}}^{{2}}$$

R

Adj

2

= (0.9725), the proposed model (quadratic) was approved. The results were indicative of conforming the reaction kinetic to the pseudo-second-order model and the correspondence of reaction isotherm to the Freundlich model (R2 = 0.997). Based on the obtained results, the adsorption process with AC–ZnO nanocomposite could be introduced as an efficient and eco-friendly technique to remove DZN.