bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of alkali treated cellulose nanoparticles filled starch-based bioplastic films and their effect on thermal and mechanical properties
Authors: Olusanya John Olumide , Turup Pandurangan Mohan , Kanny Krishnan 
Published: September 2023

In this study, structural, thermal, mechanical and water uptake properties on the influence of alkaline treated cellulose nanoparticles (CNPs) filled starch-based bioplastic film is examined. Starch-based bioplastic films filled with alkaline treated CNPs at various concentration (0 to 5 wt%) were prepared by solution casting method. Thermal properties of film series are examined by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) method. Alkaline treated CNPs addition induces crystallization to the bioplastic film. Degradation onset temperature ( Don), 10% mass loss ( T10) and 50% mass loss ( T50) values show the positive effect of CNPs addition into the biopolymer matrix with improved thermal stability. Tensile result shows that about 2.5 times increased is observed in 2 wt% CNPs filled bioplastic films. Water uptake result shows that the alkaline treated CNPs starch-based bioplastic film limit the biopolymer dissolution time and extended the breaking down of the bioplastic film. Leading to about 2.5 times reduced equilibrium water mass uptake is observed in 3 wt% CNPs filled bioplastic film when compared with unfilled bioplastic film.
Navigating the challenges of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in lung cancer treatment: a propensity score study
Authors: Kuo Chin-Wei , Lin Chien-Yu , Wei Sheng-Huan , Chou Yun-Tse , Chen Chian-Wei , Tsai Jeng-Shiuan , Su Po-Lan , Lin Chien-Chung 
Published: September 2023

Background: Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) can negatively impact cancer patients’ survival. It remains uncertain whether IPA’s impact on patient outcomes varies by treatment approach in advanced lung cancer. Objectives: To explore the association between IPA and outcomes in patients with advanced lung cancer receiving different treatments. Design: A retrospective cohort study. Methods: We enrolled patients with advanced-stage lung cancer between 2013 and 2021 at a college hospital in Taiwan and used the 2021 European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium consensus for IPA diagnosis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the IPA risk factors. We compared overall survival (OS) and postgalactomannan (GM) test survival between the IPA and control groups using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression and the Kaplan–Meier method with propensity score matching (PSM). Results: Among 2543 patients with advanced-stage lung cancer, 290 underwent a GM test, of which 34 (11.7%) were diagnosed with IPA. Patients undergoing chemotherapy (HR = 4.02, p = 0.027) and immunotherapy [hazard ratio (HR) = 3.41, p = 0.076] tended to have IPA. Compared to the control group, the IPA group had shorter median OS (14.4 versus 9.9 months, p = 0.030) and post-GM test survival (4.5 versus 1.9 months, p = 0.003). IPA was associated with shorter OS (log-rank p = 0.014 and 0.018 before and after PSM, respectively) and shorter 1-year and 2-year survival post-GM test (HR = 1.65 and 1.66, respectively). Patients receiving chemotherapy or immunotherapy had a shorter post-GM test survival if they had IPA. Conclusions: IPA tended to be diagnosed more frequently in patients receiving chemotherapy or immune checkpoint inhibitors. Patients diagnosed with IPA are associated with shorter survival. Larger cohort studies are needed to verify the observations.
DNA Methylation in Cancer: Epigenetic View of Dietary and Lifestyle Factors
Authors: Maleknia Mohsen , Ahmadirad Nooshin , Golab Fereshteh , Katebi Yasmina , Haj Mohamad Ebrahim Ketabforoush Arsh 
Published: September 2023

Background: Alterations in DNA methylation play an important role in cancer development and progression. Dietary nutrients and lifestyle behaviors can influence DNA methylation patterns and thereby modulate cancer risk. Introduction: To comprehensively review available evidence on how dietary and lifestyle factors impact DNA methylation and contribute to carcinogenesis through epigenetic mechanisms. Materials and methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed to identify relevant studies published between 2005 and 2022 that examined relationships between dietary/lifestyle factors and DNA methylation in cancer. Studies investigating the effects of dietary components (eg, micronutrients, phytochemicals), physical activity, smoking, and obesity on global and gene-specific DNA methylation changes in animal and human cancer models were included. Data on specific dietary/lifestyle exposures, cancer types, DNA methylation targets and underlying mechanisms were extracted. Results: Multiple dietary and lifestyle factors were found to influence DNA methylation patterns through effects on DNA methyltransferase activity, methyl donor availability, and generation of oxidative stress. Altered methylation of specific genes regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation were linked to cancer development and progression. Conclusion: Dietary and lifestyle interventions aimed at modulating DNA methylation have potential for both cancer prevention and treatment through epigenetic mechanisms. Further research is needed to identify actionable targets for nutrition and lifestyle-based epigenetic therapies.
Identification and verification of plasma protein biomarkers that accurately identify an ectopic pregnancy
Authors: Beer Lynn A. , Yin Xiangfan , Ding Jianyi , Senapati Suneeta , Sammel Mary D. , Barnhart Kurt T. , Liu Qin , Speicher David W. , Goldman Aaron R. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Differentiating between a normal intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) and abnormal conditions including early pregnancy loss (EPL) or ectopic pregnancy (EP) is a major clinical challenge in early pregnancy. Currently, serial β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) and progesterone are the most commonly used plasma biomarkers for evaluating pregnancy prognosis when ultrasound is inconclusive. However, neither biomarker can predict an EP with sufficient and reproducible accuracy. Hence, identification of new plasma biomarkers that can accurately diagnose EP would have great clinical value.

Methods
Plasma was collected from a discovery cohort of 48 consenting women having an IUP, EPL, or EP. Samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) followed by a label-free proteomics analysis to identify significant changes between pregnancy outcomes. A panel of 14 candidate biomarkers were then verified in an independent cohort of 74 women using absolute quantitation by targeted parallel reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (PRM-MS) which provided the capacity to distinguish between closely related protein isoforms. Logistic regression and Lasso feature selection were used to evaluate the performance of individual biomarkers and panels of multiple biomarkers to predict EP.

Results
A total of 1391 proteins were identified in an unbiased plasma proteome discovery. A number of significant changes (FDR ≤ 5%) were identified when comparing EP vs. non-EP (IUP + EPL). Next, 14 candidate biomarkers (ADAM12, CGA, CGB, ISM2, NOTUM, PAEP, PAPPA, PSG1, PSG2, PSG3, PSG9, PSG11, PSG6/9, and PSG8/1) were verified as being significantly different between EP and non-EP in an independent cohort (FDR ≤ 5%). Using logistic regression models, a risk score for EP was calculated for each subject, and four multiple biomarker logistic models were identified that performed similarly and had higher AUCs than models with single predictors.

Conclusions
Overall, four multivariable logistic models were identified that had significantly better prediction of having EP than those logistic models with single biomarkers. Model 4 (NOTUM, PAEP, PAPPA, ADAM12) had the highest AUC (0.987) and accuracy (96%). However, because the models are statistically similar, all markers in the four models and other highly correlated markers should be considered in further validation studies.
Reversible cardiac function and left ventricular hypertrophy in a Chinese man with mitochondrial myopathy: a case report
Authors: Wu Guiping , Han Yijun , Zhao Lifeng , Zhang Hong , Fan Xiuzhao , Li Weiqin , Che Xiaowen , Zhou Yun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Mitochondrial myopathies (MMs) are a group of multi-system diseases caused by abnormalities in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or mutations of nuclear DNA (nDNA). The diagnosis of mitochondrial myopathy (MM) is reliant on the combination of history and physical examination, muscle biopsy, histochemical studies, and next-generation sequencing. Patients with MMs have diverse clinical manifestations. In the contemporary literature, there is a paucity of reports on cardiac structure and function in this rare disease. We report a Chinese man with MM accompanied with both acute right heart failure and left ventricular hypertrophy.

Case presentation
A 49-year-old man presented with clinical features suggestive of MM, i.e., ophthalmoparesis, weakness of the pharyngeal and extremity muscles, and respiratory muscles which gradually progressed to respiratory insufficiency. He had a family history of mitochondrial myopathy. He had increased levels of serum creatine kinase and lactate. Muscle biopsy of left lateral thigh revealed 8% ragged red fibers (RRF) and 42% COX-negative fibers. Gene sequencing revealed a novel heterozygote TK2 variant (NM_001172644: c.584T>C, p.Leu195Pro) and another heterozygous variant (NM_004614.4:c.156+958G>A; rs1965661603) in the intron of TK2 gene. Based on these findings, we diagnosed the patient as a case of MM. Echocardiography revealed right heart enlargement, pulmonary hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, and thickening of the main pulmonary artery and its branches. The patient received non-invasive ventilation and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). The cardiac structure and function were restored at 1-month follow-up.

Conclusions
This is the first report of reversible cardiac function impairment and left ventricular hypertrophy in a case of adult-onset MM, nocturnal hypoxia is a potential mechanism for left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with MM.
Value of Echocardiography and Cardiac Magnetic resonance in assessing left ventricular function in breast and gastric cancer patients after Anthracycline Chemotherapy
Authors: Jin Chao-long , Shi Xue-gong , Wang Ting-ting , Li Hong-wen , Zhang Ding-Xin , Sheng Zhe , Xiao Jie , Yu Yong-Qiang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Echocardiography (ECHO) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used to observe changes in the left ventricular structure in patients with breast and gastric cancer after 6 cycles of chemotherapy. Based on the observed values, we aimed to evaluate the cardiotoxicity of anthracyclines in cancer patients and to analyze the consistency of the two examination methods in assessing left ventricular function after chemotherapy.

Methods
From January 2020 to January 2022, the data of 80 patients with malignant tumors who received anthracycline chemotherapy (breast cancer, n = 40; gastric cancer, n = 40) and 40 healthy volunteers (Control group) were retrospectively collected. Serum high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) levels were detected by an automatic immunoassay analyzer. Left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured by cardiac MRI and 2-dimensional ECHO using the biplane Simpson’s method.

Results
Compared with baseline values, serum high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) levels were significantly increased in patients with breast cancer and gastric cancer after 6 cycles of chemotherapy (P < 0.05). In addition, LVEDV, LVESV and LVEF measured with MRI were higher than those detected by ECHO in cancer patients after 6 cycles of chemotherapy (P < 0.05). And the Bland-Altman plot analysis showed that LVEDV, LVESV and LVEF measured by the two examination methods were in good agreement.

Conclusion
Breast and gastric cancer patients exhibited elevated levels of hs-cTnT after 6 cycles of chemotherapy, indicating potential cardiotoxicity. Additionally, cardiac MRI and 2-dimensional ECHO showed good agreement in assessing left ventricular function, with ECHO tending to underestimate volume measurements compared to MRI.
A nomogram model for predicting malnutrition among older hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross—sectional study in China
Authors: Ran Qian , Zhao Xili , Tian Jiao , Gong Siyuan , Zhang Xia 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Malnutrition remains a pervasive issue among older adults, a prevalence that is markedly higher among those diagnosed with diabetes. The primary objective of this study was to develop and validate a risk prediction model that can accurately identify instances of malnutrition among elderly hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) within a Chinese demographic.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted between August 2021 and August 2022, we enrolled T2DM patients aged 65 years and above from endocrinology wards. The creation of a nomogram for predicting malnutrition was based on risk factors identified through univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. The predictive accuracy of the model was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC),the area under the ROC (AUC), the concordance index (C-index), and calibration curves.

Results
The study included a total of 248 older T2DM patients, with a recorded malnutrition prevalence of 26.21%. The identified critical risk factors for malnutrition in this cohort were body mass index, albumin, impairment in activities of daily living, dietary habits, and glycosylated hemoglobin. The AUC of the nomogram model reached 0.914 (95% CI: 0.877—0.951), with an optimal cutoff value of 0.392. The model demonstrated a sensitivity of 80.0% and a specificity of 88.5%. Bootstrap-based internal verification results revealed a C-index of 0.891, while the calibration curves indicated a strong correlation between the actual and predicted malnutrition risks.

Conclusions
This study underscores the critical need for early detection of malnutrition in older T2DM patients. The constructed nomogram represents a practical and reliable tool for the rapid identification of malnutrition among this vulnerable population.
Risk factors of peripheral venous catheter-related complication and infection in children with bronchopneumonia
Authors: Li Hong-mei , Wan Li-li , Jin Cai-xiang , Zhang Guo-ying , Yang Hui , Zhang Xiao-yu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the risk factors associated with the peripheral venous catheter-related complication and infection in children with bronchopneumonia.MethodsA total of 185 patients were divided into case group (n = 114) and control group (n = 71) according to the presence of catheter-related infection and complications related to indwelling needle. We performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis to explore the risk factors associated with the infection.ResultsAge was divided into 4 categories (0 < age ≤ 1, 1 < age ≤ 3, 3 < age ≤ 6, age > 6). The case group had a higher percentage of patients with 0 < age ≤ 1 than the control group (21% vs. 9.7%) and the age distribution was significant different between the two groups (P = 0.045). The case group had a longer retention time than the control group (≥ 3 days: 56% vs. 35%,P < 0.001). The results of binary logistics regression analysis revealed that the indwelling time and indwelling site were the factors that influenced the complications or bacterial infection. Among the three indwelling sites, the hand is more prone to infection and indwelling needle-related complications than the head (OR: 2.541, 95% CI 1.032 to 6.254, P = 0.042). The longer the indwelling time, the more likely the infection and indwelling needle related complications (OR: 2.646, 95% CI 1.759 to 3.979, P< 0.001).ConclusionIndwelling time and indwelling site are the influencing factors of complications or bacterial infection, which should be paid more attention to prevent the catheter-related infection in children with bronchophenumonia.
Differential expression of biomarkers in saliva related to SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with mild, moderate and severe COVID-19
Authors: Verdiguel-Fernández Lázaro , Arredondo-Hernández Rene , Mejía-Estrada Jesús Andrés , Ortiz Adolfo , Verdugo-Rodríguez Antonio , Orduña Patricia , Ponce de León-Rosales Samuel , Calva Juan José , López-Vidal Yolanda 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Severe COVID-19 is a disease characterized by profound dysregulation of the innate immune system. There is a need to identify highly reliable prognostic biomarkers that can be rapidly assessed in body fluids for early identification of patients at higher risk for hospitalization and/or death. This study aimed to assess whether differential gene expression of immune response molecules and cellular enzymes, detected in saliva samples of COVID-19 patients, occurs according to disease severity staging.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, subjects with a COVID-19 diagnosis were classified as having mild, moderate, or severe disease based on clinical features. Transcripts of genes encoding 6 biomarkers, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, C-reactive protein, IDO1 and ACE2, were measured by RT‒qPCR in saliva samples of patients and COVID-19-free individuals.

Results
The gene expression levels of all 6 biomarkers in saliva were significantly increased in severe disease patients compared to mild/moderate disease patients and healthy controls. A significant strong inverse relationship between oxemia and the level of expression of the 6 biomarkers (Spearman’s correlation coefficient between -0.692 and -0.757; p < 0.001) was found.

Conclusions
Biomarker gene expression determined in saliva samples still needs to be validated as a potentially valuable predictor of severe clinical outcomes early at the onset of COVID-19 symptoms.
The use of real time strain endometrial elastosonography plus endometrial thickness and vascularization flow index to predict endometrial receptivity in IVF treatments: a pilot study
Authors: Stanziano Antonio , Bianchi Francesco Paolo , Caringella Anna Maria , Cantatore Clementina , D’Amato Antonio , Vitti Angela , Cortone Anna , Vitagliano Amerigo , D’Amato Giuseppe 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
The usefulness of endometrium strain elastosonography (SE) for the evaluation of endometrial receptivity in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) remains controversial. The objective of this prospective, observational study was to evaluate the correlation between endometrial thickness (EMT) and its related strain (ESR) on the day of ovulation triggering (hCG-d) and in vitro fertilization outcomes. Additionally, 3D Power Doppler vascular indices (3DPDVI) were also analysed.

Methods
We included all the patients undergoing fresh IVF-single blastocyst transfer cycle from January 2021 to August 2021 at our center. On hCG-d, after B-mode scanning was completed to measure the EMT, the mode was changed to elastosonography to evaluate the ESR (ratio between endometrial tissue and the myometrium below). At the end of examination, the Endometrial Volume (EV) and 3DPDVI (vascularization index [VI], flow index [FI] and vascularization flow index [VFI]), were assessed. Statistical analysis was completed using STATA MP16 software.

Results
A total number of 57 women were included. Based on the EMT on hCG-d, women were divided into two groups, Group 1: <7 mm and Group 2 ≥ 7 mm. Women with EMT < 7 mm had a significantly higher ESR (p = 0.004) and lower pregnancy rate (p = 0.04). Additionally, low ESR values were correlated with high VFI values (rho = -0.8; 95% CI = -0.9- -0.6; p < 0.0001) and EMT ≥ 7 mm could be predicted by low ESR (OR = 0.01; 95% CI = 0.01–0.30; p = 0.008, area under the ROC curve: 0.70). After all, in multiple logistic regression analysis, low values of ESR (p = 0.050) and high values of EMT (p = 0.051) on hCG-d had borderline statistical effects on pregnancy rate.

Conclusions
The ESR may be useful to improve the ultrasound evaluation of the endometrial quality in infertile women candidates to IVF/ICS. Given the small sample size of our study, the usefulness of strain elastosonography in this patients, needs further investigation.
Improving diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer using vision transformers: a scoping review
Authors: Ali Hazrat , Mohsen Farida , Shah Zubair 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundVision transformer-based methods are advancing the field of medical artificial intelligence and cancer imaging, including lung cancer applications. Recently, many researchers have developed vision transformer-based AI methods for lung cancer diagnosis and prognosis.ObjectiveThis scoping review aims to identify the recent developments on vision transformer-based AI methods for lung cancer imaging applications. It provides key insights into how vision transformers complemented the performance of AI and deep learning methods for lung cancer. Furthermore, the review also identifies the datasets that contributed to advancing the field.MethodsIn this review, we searched Pubmed, Scopus, IEEEXplore, and Google Scholar online databases. The search terms included intervention terms (vision transformers) and the task (i.e., lung cancer, adenocarcinoma, etc.). Two reviewers independently screened the title and abstract to select relevant studies and performed the data extraction. A third reviewer was consulted to validate the inclusion and exclusion. Finally, the narrative approach was used to synthesize the data.ResultsOf the 314 retrieved studies, this review included 34 studies published from 2020 to 2022. The most commonly addressed task in these studies was the classification of lung cancer types, such as lung squamous cell carcinoma versus lung adenocarcinoma, and identifying benign versus malignant pulmonary nodules. Other applications included survival prediction of lung cancer patients and segmentation of lungs. The studies lacked clear strategies for clinical transformation. SWIN transformer was a popular choice of the researchers; however, many other architectures were also reported where vision transformer was combined with convolutional neural networks or UNet model. Researchers have used the publicly available lung cancer datasets of the lung imaging database consortium and the cancer genome atlas. One study used a cluster of 48 GPUs, while other studies used one, two, or four GPUs.ConclusionIt can be concluded that vision transformer-based models are increasingly in popularity for developing AI methods for lung cancer applications. However, their computational complexity and clinical relevance are important factors to be considered for future research work. This review provides valuable insights for researchers in the field of AI and healthcare to advance the state-of-the-art in lung cancer diagnosis and prognosis. We provide an interactive dashboard onlung-cancer.onrender.com/.