bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher-order topology in twisted multilayer systems: a review
Authors: Hua Chunbo , Xu Dong-Hui 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In recent years, there has been a surge of interest in higher-order topological phases (HOTPs) across various disciplines within the field of physics. These unique phases are characterized by their ability to harbor topological protected boundary states at lower-dimensional boundaries, a distinguishing feature that sets them apart from conventional topological phases and is attributed to the higher-order bulk-boundary correspondence. Two-dimensional (2D) twisted systems offer an optimal platform for investigating HOTPs, owing to their strong controllability and experimental feasibility. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest research advancements on HOTPs in 2D twisted multilayer systems. We will mainly review the HOTPs in electronic, magnonic, acoustic, photonic and mechanical twisted systems, and finally provide a perspective of this topic.
A WKB method based on parabolic cylinder function for very-low-frequency sound propagation in deep ocean
Authors: Zhan Jian-Kang , Piao Sheng-Chun , Gong Li-Jia , Yang Dong , Guo Yong-Chao , Zheng Guang-Xue 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) method is introduced for obtaining a uniform asymptotic solution for underwater sound propagation at very low frequencies in deep ocean. The method utilizes a mode sum and employs the reference functions method to describe the solution to the depth-separated wave equation approximately using parabolic cylinder functions. The conditions for the validity of this approximation are also discussed. Furthermore, a formula that incorporates waveguide effects for the modal group velocity is derived, revealing that boundary effects at very low frequencies can have a significant impact on the propagation characteristics of even low-order normal modes. The present method not only offers improved accuracy compared to the classical WKB approximation and the uniform asymptotic approximation based on Airy functions, but also provides a wider range of depth applicability. Additionally, this method exhibits strong agreement with numerical methods and offers valuable physical insights. Finally, the method is applied to the study of very-low-frequency sound propagation in the South China Sea, leading to sound transmission loss predictions that closely align with experimental observations.
Study on surface-pitted TiN nanoparticles for direct absorption solar collectors
Authors: zhang Heng , Cao Yuchun , Chen Xiaowen , Yang Qihang , Chen Ning , Wu Xiaohu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Direct absorption solar collectors use nanofluids to absorb and convert solar radiation. Despite the limitations of the photothermal properties of these nanofluids within the absorption spectrum range, modifying the surface structure of the nanoparticles can broaden their absorption spectrum, thereby significantly improving solar thermal conversion efficiency. This paper utilizes the finite element method to investigate the influence of surface pits on the photothermal properties of plasmonic nanoparticles, considering both material composition and surface micro-nano structures. Based on the findings, a novel TiN nanoparticle is proposed to enhance photothermal performance. This nanoparticle exhibits the lowest average reflectance (0.0145) in the 300-1100 nm wavelength range and the highest light absorption intensity across the solar spectrum, enabling highly efficient solar energy conversion. It not only reduces material costs but also effectively broadens the light absorption spectrum of spherical plasmonic nanoparticles. The distribution of the electric field, magnetic field, and energy field of the nanoparticles indicates that the combination of the "lightning rod" effect and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) significantly enhances both the electric and magnetic fields, thereby increasing the localized heating effect and improving photothermal performance. Additionally, the number and size of the pits have a significant impact on the absorption efficiency (η
abs) of TiN nanoparticles. When the surface of the nanoparticles has 38 pits, η
abs can reach 90%, with the minimum optical penetration depth (h) of the nanofluid being 7 mm and the minimum volume fraction (f
v) being 6.95×10-6. This study demonstrates that nanoparticles with micro-nano structures have immense potential in solar thermal applications, particularly in the field of direct absorption solar collectors.
Coupling correction system on the SKIF light source and TbT diagnostics of linear difference resonance with swing of eigenmodes
Authors: Dorokhova D.V. , Dorokhov V.L. , Nikitin S.A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The coupling correction system of the future SKIF light
source has been optimized with the use of numerical simulation. It
includes 128 BPMs (out of 224), 128 skew-quadrupoles out of 256 in
MBA sections and 32 skew-quadrupoles in dispersion-free
intervals. The system is complementary to the global correction and
is intended to suppress simultaneously vertical dispersion and
linear difference resonance. High efficiency of the EVD-based
correction method has been demonstrated at various numerical
examples. The possibility of determining the width of the linear
difference resonance, which is necessary for such a correction, by
the slope of the ellipses of normal modes is under study. The modes
are resonantly swung and their elliptical shape is reproduced
according to the TbT (turn-by-turn) data of the BPMs. The results of
the corresponding real experiment on VEPP-4M are presented, as well
as the numerical experiment on the swing of eigenmodes on the SKIF.
Insect-inspired passive wing collision recovery in flapping wing microrobots
Authors: Li Zixuan , Cui Long , Wang Hongwei , Zhang Feng , Liu Zhaoming , Wang Geng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Flying insects have developed two distinct adaptive strategies to minimize wing damage during collisions. One strategy includes an elastic joint at the leading edge, which is evident in wasps and beetles, while another strategy features an adaptive and deformable leading edge, as seen in bumblebees and honeybees. Inspired by the latter, a novel approach has been developed for improving collision recovery in micro aerial vehicles (MAVs) by mimicking the principle of stiffness anisotropy present in the leading edges of these insects. This study introduces a passive, flexible, folding wing design with adaptive leading edges. The impact of these adaptive folding leading edges on the flight performance of flapping-wing MAVs was systematically evaluated. Variations in lift generation and obstacle-crossing capabilities between rigid wings and adaptive deformable wings were quantified. Additionally, the mechanical stiffness of the wings was assessed to validate their functional effectiveness. The proposed mechanism was incorporated into the wings of a dual-layer flapping-wing robot, which demonstrated successful flight recovery after collision. The experimental results indicate that a robot with a 30 cm wingspan can effectively traverse a gap of 16.2 cm during flight, thereby demonstrating its enhanced ability to overcome collision challenges. These findings underscore the potential of adaptive wing designs in enhancing the resilience and performance of MAVs in dynamic environments.
Multi-decadal stability of water ages and tracer transport in a temperate-humid river basin
Authors: Wang Siyuan , Hrachowitz Markus , Schoups Gerrit , Störiko Anna 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The temporal dynamics of water ages provide crucial insights into hydrological processes and transport mechanisms, yet there remains a significant gap in quantifying water age variability across different temporal scales. This study utilizes a comprehensive dataset spanning 70 years of hydrological observations and tritium records (1953–2022) with a semi-distributed hydrological model with integrated tracer routing routine based on StorageAge Selection functions SAS, to explore the temporal evolution of water ages in the 4000 km2 Upper Neckar River basin, Germany. Our findings indicate a systematic convergence of the variability of young water fractions and other metrics of water age in riverflow and evaporation towards stable values when averaging over increasing time scales. While at daily scales exhibiting considerable variability with young water fractions in riverflow F
wy,Q ∼ 0.01–0.91 and in evaporation F
wy,E ∼ 0.02–0.75, the variability of F
wy,Q and F
wy,E gradually reduces with increasing averaging time scales and converge to 0.45–0.47 and 0.96–0.97, respectively, between individual decades. Liquid water input (P
L), comprising rainfall and snow melt, emerges as the dominant driver of F
wy,Q across all time scales. In contrast, F
wy,E shows varying controls with time scale: soil moisture content governs daily fluctuations, whereas P
L dominates at the decadal scale. Overall, water ages demonstrate remarkable stability with only minor deviations in response to climatic variability: a 20% fluctuation in average decadal P
L results in only ∼4% variation in F
wy,Q and ∼1% in F
wy,E over the study period. These findings suggest a lack of major long-term dynamics in water ages. Consequently, the results suggest that the physical transport dynamics in the Upper Neckar River basin, and potentially in comparable river basins with similar water age characteristics, can be considered near-stationary over multiple decades.
Large increase in extreme fire weather synchronicity over Europe
Authors: Torres-Vázquez Miguel Ángel , Di Giuseppe Francesca , Moreno-Torreira Alberto , Gincheva Andrina , Jerez Sonia , Turco Marco 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Synchronous extreme fire weather can significantly increase the probability of fire ignition and spread, posing compounding threats to fire management efforts and potentially overwhelming firefighting capabilities. While substantial evidence indicates that weather conditions conducive to wildfires will likely become more frequent with higher levels of global warming, changes in extreme fire weather synchronicity remain understudied. Here, we quantify the synchronicity of extreme fire weather in Europe by analysing historical data of the Canadian fire weather index (FWI) from 1981 to 2022 and projecting FWI future scenarios with temperature increases from 1 °C to 6 °C and precipitation changes from −40% to +60%. Our results highlight Central Europe (CEU) as a significant hotspot, with synchronicity increases of up to 389%, while the Mediterranean region could see increases up to 66%. These findings emphasize the growing need for enhanced cross-border coordination and proactive fire management strategies to address the rising likelihood of concurrent extreme fire weather conditions in a warming climate.
Evaluating oxide nanoparticle exsolution on A-site deficient PrBaCo2O6-δ electrodes
Authors: Carrillo Alfonso J , Balaguer María , Solís Cecilia , López-García Andrés , Haas Sylvio , Fabuel María , Delgado-Galicia Blanca , Rodriguez Isabelle , Vøllestad Einar , Wachowski Sebastian , Strandbakke Ragnar , Norby Truls , Serra Jose M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Nanoparticle exsolution is a powerful technique for functionalizing redox oxides in energy applications, particularly at high temperatures. It shows promise for solid oxide fuel cells and electrolyzers. However, exsolution of other chemistries like metal oxides is not well studied, and the mechanism is poorly understood. This work explores oxide exsolution in PrBa1−x
Co2O6−δ
(x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15) double perovskites, practiced electrodes in proton ceramic fuel cells and electrolyzers. Oxide exsolution in PrBa1−x
Co2O6−δ
aimed at boosting the electrocatalytic activity and was evaluated by varying intrinsic materials-related properties, viz. A-site deficiency and external parameters (temperature, under fixed time, and pO2 = 10−5 atm conditions). The materials were analyzed with conventional characterization tools and synchrotron-based small-angle x-ray scattering. Unlike metal-nanoparticle exsolution, increasing the A-site deficiency did not enhance the extent of oxide-nanoparticle exsolution, whereas larger nanoparticles were obtained by increasing the exsolution temperature. Combined Raman spectroscopy and electron microscopy analysis revealed that BaCoO3, Co3O4, and amorphous BaCO3 nanoparticles were formed on the surface of the double perovskites after the reductive treatments. The present results demonstrate the complexity of oxide-nanoparticle exsolution in comparison with metal-nanoparticle exsolution. Further materials screening and mechanistic studies are needed to enhance our understanding of this method for functionalizing proton ceramic electrochemical cells (PCEC) electrodes.
Optimized control of direct current mini ultra-high voltage amplifier
Authors: Wiranata Ardi , Hasyim Azzam , Mao Zebing , Thongking Witchuda , Afifah Dini Nur , Muflikhun Muhammad Akhsin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Soft robotics has gained much attention due to its simplicity and ease of control. Potential technology in soft robotics includes electrohydrodynamic pumps (EHD) and dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs). EHD Pump operates by utilizing a strong electric field to break neutral particles into charged particles, which then experience motion due to the Coulomb force generated, allowing for the occurrence of flow. Meanwhile, the DEAs also require high voltage to generate a colombic pressure to create an actuation. Both EHD pumps and DEAs require a high-voltage source that can provide a sufficient electric field to operate optimally. However, the commercially available high-voltage amplifier has a high investment cost. In this study, we aimed to create a computer-controlled mini–ultra high voltage amplifier (mini-UHV). Our mini-UHV can amplify 5 V to 3.7 kV DC voltage. We designed a control system to allow the user to generate any kind of waveform easily. Our system accommodates two waveforms: continuous waveform and square wave signal. For square wave signals, we accommodate several frequency variations and amplitudes. The characteristics of each signal are then observed, including maximum voltage, minimum voltage, rise time, and fall time. We found that the square waveform’s maximum voltage in each frequency is stable at 3.7 kV. We expect our mini-UHV can boost the research in soft electroactive polymer.
An autoencoder for compressing angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy data
Authors: Ágústsson Steinn Ýmir , Haque Mohammad Ahsanul , Truong Thi Tam , Bianchi Marco , Klyuchnikov Nikita , Mottin Davide , Karras Panagiotis , Hofmann Philip 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) is a powerful experimental technique to determine the electronic structure of solids. Advances in light sources for ARPES experiments are currently leading to a vast increase of data acquisition rates and data quantity. On the other hand, access time to the most advanced ARPES instruments remains strictly limited, calling for fast, effective, and on-the-fly data analysis tools to exploit this time. In response to this need, we introduce ARPESNet, a versatile autoencoder network that efficiently summmarises and compresses ARPES datasets. We train ARPESNet on a large and varied dataset of 2-dimensional ARPES data extracted by cutting standard 3-dimensional ARPES datasets along random directions in k. To test the data representation capacity of ARPESNet, we compare k-means clustering quality between data compressed by ARPESNet, data compressed by discrete cosine transform, and raw data, at different noise levels. ARPESNet data excels in clustering quality despite its high compression ratio.
Stakeholder engagement for inclusive climate impact attribution studies
Authors: Nkwasa Albert , Menke Inga , Murken Lisa , Zaharia Liliana , Ioana-Toroimac Gabriela , Müller Laura , Michetti Melania , Asaduzzaman Muhammad , Morosanu-Mitoșeriu Gabriela-Adina , Nakkazi Maria Theresa , Akstinas Vytautas , Akiyama Afnan Agramont , Gregor Konstantin , Basaran Nermin , Kumar Amit , Shiko Vera , Tekin Hamdi , Vaculovschi Elena , Biçer Püren Veziroğlu , Reyer Christopher P O , van Griensven Ann 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Since its emergence in the 1990s, the science of attributing observed phenomena to human-induced and natural climate drivers has made remarkable progress. To ensure the relevance and uptake of climate impact attribution studies, scientists must effectively engage with stakeholders. This engagement allows stakeholders to pose key questions, which scientists can then substantiate with evidence evaluating the existence of causal links. Although significant advancements have been made in climate impact attribution science, much work remains to understand the varied requirements of different stakeholders for impact attribution findings. This perspective explores the usefulness of stakeholder engagement in climate impact attribution, the challenges it presents, and how it can be made more relevant for addressing societal questions. It advocates for prioritizing stakeholder involvement to achieve greater transparency, legitimacy, and practical application of findings. Such involvement can enhance the societal impact of attribution studies and support informed decision-making in the face of climate change.
Like, share, and follow!: Usage of social media by pathology residency programs in the COVID-19 era
Authors: Khatskevich Katsiaryna , Hartman Clare F , Cha Joon , Nguyen Angela , Mason Ashley , Mhaskar Rahul , Baker Tiffany G 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Social media platforms like Facebook, X (formally Twitter), and Instagram bridge pathology programs with other health professionals, prospective students, and the public, but the extent of social media usage by residency programs remains unexplored. This study investigates the current landscape of social media utilization by pathology programs.

Methods
Using the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) Match Data from 2022, 139 anatomic and clinical pathology residency programs were analyzed and categorized into 3 prestige tiers based on Doximity ratings. There were 32,067 posts examined between January 2018 and August 2022. Statistical analyses, including analysis of variance and Tukey honestly significant difference post hoc analysis, were performed to evaluate likes/views about post type.

Results
X emerged as the most used platform (68%), focusing on pathology education (27.02%). Instagram centered on resident life (25.84%), while Facebook showcased person-specific posts (35.61%). Notably, there was a correlation between program prestige and the number of posts on X and Instagram, with the most prestigious programs posting more frequently than those considered more intermediate or low in prestige rank.

Conclusions
Social media is vital in connecting pathology programs with various stakeholders. Despite seasonal fluctuations, the overall utilization of social media continues to rise, underscoring its value as a long-term resource for pathology education and communication.
Polo-like kinase 2 ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiac injury by blocking cardiomyocyte ferroptosis
Authors: Xie Bing , Li Fangfang , Yan Jun , Cheng Mingyue , Feng Hui 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Polo-like kinase 2 (PLK2) is associated with cardiac fibrosis in patients with atrial fibrillation. However, the role of PLK2 in sepsis-induced cardiac injury has not been fully elucidated. We hypothesize that PLK2 may participate in the progression of sepsis-induced cardiac injury.

Methods
We established a cardiac injury model in C57BL6 mice by injecting lipopolysaccharide (LPS). PLK2 was overexpressed in mice using an adeno-associated virus 9 vector. Cardiac function was evaluated using echocardiography 12 hours after the LPS injection. H9c2 cells were transfected with a PLK2 small interfering RNA. PLK2 was downregulated in the hearts of LPS-treated mice and LPS-stimulated H9c2 cardiomyocytes.

Results
Mice in the LPS group presented aggravated cardiac injury and a reduced survival rate with increased cardiac inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. Moreover, PLK2 relieved LPS-induced cardiac injury and increased the survival rate of the mice by weakening the inflammatory response and decreasing oxidative stress. Moreover, the LPS-induced increase in ferroptosis was inhibited by PLK2 overexpression.
LPS caused an increase in inflammation and cell injury in H9c2 cardiomyocytes, and PLK2 silencing aggravated LPS-induced cell injury, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Furthermore, PLK2 overexpression increased the expression levels of the antiferroptotic proteins solute carrier family 7 member 11, glutathione peroxidase 4, and ferritin in heart tissue. PLK2 increased the nuclear NRF2 expression level. Moreover, the overexpression of PLK2 increased the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β and promoted the nuclear translocation of NRF2. NRF2 overexpression relieved cardiac injury in mice induced with LPS. However, NRF2 mitigated the deteriorating effects of PLK2 knockdown in the mouse heart.

Conclusion
PLK2 ameliorated LPS-induced cardiac injury by blocking cardiomyocyte ferroptosis through NRF2 regulation.
Prevalence, aetiology, and outcomes of native pulmonary regurgitation in the general adult population
Authors: Naser Jwan A , Ibrahim Hossam , Andi Kartik , Scott Christopher G , Pellikka Patricia A , Kennedy Austin M , Connolly Heidi M , Nkomo Vuyisile T , Enriquez-Sarano Maurice , Pislaru Sorin V , Warnes Carole A , Jain Charles C , Borlaug Barry A , Egbe Alexander C 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Aims
Pulmonary regurgitation (PR) after reparative intervention for congenital heart disease has been studied extensively. However, the burden, distribution of causes, and outcome of PR in adults is unknown. The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, types, and outcomes of moderate/severe PR in adults in the community setting.

Methods and results
A total of 398 adult residents of Olmsted County who had clinically indicated echocardiography 2004–2023 at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, and had moderate or severe PR were identified retrospectively. The median age was 77 years, 48% were females, and 61 (51%) had severe PR. The age- and sex-adjusted US prevalence was 0.11% (vs. 0.67% for ≥moderate tricuspid regurgitation). Moderate/severe PR was due to pulmonary hypertension in 77%, congenital/iatrogenic in 11%, primary pulmonary valve disease in 2% (88% due to carcinoid), and idiopathic isolated in 10%. In contrast, severe PR was due to congenital/iatrogenic disease in 52%, pulmonary hypertension in 39%, primary PR in 5%, and isolated idiopathic in 3%. The all-cause mortality rate per 100 person-year was 73 in primary (mostly carcinoid) PR, 16 in pulmonary hypertension–related PR (not different vs. propensity-matched patients without PR), and 6 in isolated idiopathic PR (not different vs. matched patients without PR).

Conclusion
Moderate or severe PR had a lower prevalence vs. TR. The most frequent cause was pulmonary hypertension for ≥moderate PR and congenital/iatrogenic for severe PR. Mortality in patients with acquired ≥moderate PR appeared to be related to the underlying cause, with no excess mortality compared with matched patients without PR. Whether specifically severe PR confers excess mortality requires future investigation.