bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesozoic-Cenozoic Topographic Evolution of the South Tianshan (NW China): Insights from Detrital Apatite Geo-Thermochronological and Geochemical Analyses
Authors: Xiang Dunfeng , Zhang Zhiyong , Chew David , Jolivet Marc , Malusà Marco G. , Guo Chao , Wang Nan , Xiao Wenjiao 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The present-day topography of Tianshan is the product of repeated phases of Meso-Cenozoic intracontinental deformation and reactivation, whereas the long-term Mesozoic topographic evolution and the timing of the onset of Cenozoic deformation remain debated. New insights into the Meso-Cenozoic geodynamic evolution and related basin-range interactions in the Tianshan were obtained based on new detrital single-grain apatite U-Pb, fission-track, and trace-element provenance data from Mesozoic sedimentary sequences on the northern margin of the Tarim Basin. Detrital apatite U-Pb age data from Early-Middle Triassic clastic rocks show two prominent age populations at 500–390 Ma and 330–260 Ma, with a paucity of ages between 390 and 330 Ma, suggesting that sediment source is predominantly from the northern Tarim and South Tianshan. From the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic, the first appearance of populations in the 390–330 Ma and 260–220 age ranges indicates that the Central Tianshan-Yili Block and Western Kunlun Orogen were source regions for the northern margin of Tarim Basin. In the Cretaceous strata, south-directed paleocurrents combined with the decrease in the 390–330 Ma age population from the Central Tianshan-Yili Block imply that South Tianshan was uplifted and again became the main source region to the Baicheng-Kuqa depression during the Cretaceous. Our new apatite fission-track data from the southern Chinese Tianshan suggest that rapid cooling commenced at c. 30 Ma along the southern margin, and the Early Mesozoic strata exposed on the southern flank of the Tianshan underwent c. 4–5 km of late Cenozoic exhumation during this period. This age is approximately synchronous with the onset of exhumation/deformation not only in the whole Tianshan but also in the interior of the Tibetan Plateau and its margins. It suggests that far-field, N-directed shortening resulting from the India-Asia collision was transmitted to the Tianshan at that time.
Volcanic Age and Geochemistry of the Permian Linxi Formation in Northeast China: Implications for the Tectonic Evolution of the Paleo-Asian Ocean
Authors: Zhang Haihua , Zhang Hua , Shen Shuzhong , Zhao Zifu , Qiu Liang , Chen Shuwang , Zhang Jian , Gong Fanhao , Li Yongfei , Zheng Yuejuan , Sun Shouliang , Zhang Yujin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The tectonic evolution of the Paleo-Asian Ocean (PAO) has been well studied, including its gradual narrowing and closure by subduction. However, aspects of the tectonic evolution of the oceanic domain remain unclear, including the exact timing and nature of the closure. The Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) was formed by the closure of the PAO and, therefore, contains information about the tectonic evolution of the oceanic domain. Here, we report a study of the petrology, geochronology, and geochemistry of the Taohaiyingzi section of the Permian Linxi Formation in Alukhorqin Banner (Northeast China) in the central part of the CAOB. A newly discovered andesitic tuff from the lower part of the Linxi Formation yields a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 262.2 ± 1.1 Ma (n = 87), indicating that the lower part of the Linxi Formation of the Taohaiyingzi section was deposited during the late Guadalupian. Provenance weathering indicators show that the sedimentary rocks of the Linxi Formation are of low maturity. Element geochemical characteristics indicate that the Linxi Formation clastic rocks were derived from eroded magmatic rocks that formed in a continental arc setting and were deposited close to the arc in a continental arc basin environment. The active margin setting was generated by the subduction of the paleo-Asian oceanic plate beneath the Xilinhot–Songliao block. The inferred palaeosalinity of the sedimentary environment changed gradually from brackish to fresh water, suggesting the end of oceanic plate subduction during the late Guadalupian, and the closure of the PAO during or after the Lopingian.
Polygenic risk for triglyceride levels in the presence of a high impact rare variant
Authors: Ying Shengjie , Heung Tracy , Thiruvahindrapuram Bhooma , Engchuan Worrawat , Yin Yue , Blagojevic Christina , Zhang Zhaolei , Hegele Robert A. , Yuen Ryan K. C. , Bassett Anne S. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Elevated triglyceride (TG) levels are a heritable and modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and have well-established associations with common genetic variation captured in a polygenic risk score (PRS). In young adulthood, the 22q11.2 microdeletion conveys a 2-fold increased risk for mild-moderate hypertriglyceridemia. This study aimed to assess the role of the TG-PRS in individuals with this elevated baseline risk for mild-moderate hypertriglyceridemia.
Methods
We studied a deeply phenotyped cohort of adults (n=157, median age 34 years) with a 22q11.2 microdeletion and available genome sequencing, lipid level, and other clinical data. The association between a previously developed TG-PRS and TG levels was assessed using a multivariable regression model adjusting for effects of sex, BMI, and other covariates. We also constructed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves using logistic regression models to assess the ability of TG-PRS and significant clinical variables to predict mild-moderate hypertriglyceridemia status.
Results
The TG-PRS was a significant predictor of TG-levels (p=1.52E-04), along with male sex and BMI, in a multivariable model (pmodel=7.26E-05). The effect of TG-PRS appeared to be slightly stronger in individuals with obesity (BMI ≥ 30) (beta=0.4617) than without (beta=0.1778), in a model unadjusted for other covariates (p-interaction=0.045). Among ROC curves constructed, the inclusion of TG-PRS, sex, and BMI as predictor variables produced the greatest area under the curve (0.749) for classifying those with mild-moderate hypertriglyceridemia, achieving an optimal sensitivity and specificity of 0.746 and 0.707, respectively.
Conclusions
These results demonstrate that in addition to significant effects of sex and BMI, genome-wide common variation captured in a PRS also contributes to the variable expression of the 22q11.2 microdeletion with respect to elevated TG levels.
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles by S.nervosum leaf extract exhibits high antibacterial activity
Authors: Cong Hong Hanh , Pham Sy Hieu , Nguyen Hong Nhung , Tran Que Chi , Tran Thi Huong , Pham Duy Khanh , Pham Thi Gam , Nguyen Van Phuong , Thi Thanh Nga Phan , Hoang Hien Y , Dao My Uyen , Hoang Anh Son 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this study, green synthesis and physicochemical characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using S.nervosum leaf extract. The characteristic surface plasmon resonance peak observed in the visible region at 435 nm is consistent with previous reports of silver nanoparticle formation. The synthesized AgNPs were also characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, and FTIR, which reveal their nearly spherical shape, mainly in the 10–30 nm diameter. The antimicrobial activity of AgNPs was studied using the agar-well diffusion method on four clinically significant pathogenic microorganisms (P.aeruginosa ATCC 27853; E.coli ATCC 35218, S.aureus ATCC 12493; S.aureus Mastitis isolate). The results showed that the green synthesized AgNPs exhibited antimicrobial activity at most studied concentrations, including the antibacterial effect against S.aureus (Mastitis isolate) strain, which was found to be resistant to Tetracycline 100 µg/L. The antifungal activity of these nanoparticles was also studied on Colletotrichum gloeopsoriodes by colony formation assay. The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was successfully conducted for the first time utilizing the aqueous extract of S.nervosum. The results of this study indicate that silver nanoparticles have potential applications as antibacterial and antifungal agents.
Variability in interseismic strain accumulation rate and style along the Altyn Tagh Fault
Authors: Shen Lin , Hooper Andrew , Elliott John , Wright Tim 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Major strike-slip faults that develop between strong and weaker regions are thought to focus along narrow shear zones at the rheological boundary. Here we present the first InSAR-derived velocity field spanning almost the entire length of one such fault, the 1600 km-long Altyn Tagh Fault (ATF), and analyse the strain distribution. We find that localisation of strain is actually variable, with strain concentrated at the fault for some sections and distributed over broad (>100 km) shear zones for others. This contrasts to the North Anatolian and central San Andreas faults, where strain rate varies little along the entire length. Slip rate along the ATF is also variable, decreasing along the fault from 11.6 ± 1.0 mm/yr in the west to 7.5 ± 1.2 mm/yr in the central portion, before increasing again to 11.1 ± 1.1 mm/yr over the eastern portion. These results imply that the role of the ATF as a main controlling fault up against a rigid Tarim Basin is smaller than previously thought, with sub-parallel faults playing an important role in the overall deformation. This demonstrates the importance of accurately characterising strain rates over a broad region when assessing seismic hazard.
Is the flexion relaxation ratio a reliable, valid, and responsive measure for individuals with and without non-specific spine pain? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: De Carvalho Diana , Mackey Sarah , To Daphne , Summers Allyson , Frey Mona , Romme Kristen , Hogg-Johnson Sheilah , Howarth Samuel J. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

This review sought to identify, critically appraise, compare, and summarize the literature on the reliability, discriminative validity and responsiveness of the Flexion Relaxation Ratio (FRR) in adults (≥ 18 years old) with or without spine pain (any duration), in either a clinical or research context. The review protocol was registered on Open Science Framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/27EDF) and follows COSMIN, PRISMA, and PRESS guidelines. Six databases were searched from inception to June 1, 2022. The search string was developed by content experts and a health services librarian. Two pairs of reviewers independently completed titles/abstracts and full text screening for inclusion, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment (COSMIN RoB Toolkit). At all stages, discrepancies were resolved through consensus meetings. Data were pooled where possible with random effects meta-analyses and a modified GRADE assessment was used for the summary of findings. Following duplicate removal, 728 titles/abstracts and 219 full texts were screened with 55 included in this review. We found, with moderate certainty, that the cervical FRR has high test-retest reliability and lumbar FRR has moderate to high test-retest reliability, and with high certainty that the cervical and lumbar FRR can discriminate between healthy and clinical groups (standardized mean difference − 0.82 [95% CI -1.82, 0.17] and − 1.21 [-1.84, -0.58] respectively). There was not enough evidence to summarize findings for thoracic FRR discriminative validity or the standard error of measurement for the FRR in either the cervical, thoracic, or lumbar segments of the spine. Several studies that used FRR assumed responsiveness, but no studies were designed in a way that could confirm responsiveness. The evidence supports adequate reliability of FRR for the cervical and lumbar spine, and discriminative validity for the cervical and lumbar spine only. Improvements in study design and reporting are needed to strengthen the evidence base to determine the remaining measurement properties of this outcome.
The evaluation of a lean healthcare concept to improve the implementation of Digital Health innovations in secondary health care: a qualitative study within a Dutch hospital setting
Authors: Kellner Hanna A. , Edelman Eric R. , Eldik Nicole van , Hunen Perry , Spreeuwenberg Marieke 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Digital health innovations are considered a promising avenue in transforming the resourcing, organization and delivery of healthcare services and are often nurtured in organization based innovation labs. One of their biggest challenges is developing effective processes for sifting through ideas. To improve their existing work process, the Health Innovation Lab of the Maastricht University Medical Center + in The Netherlands took a lean approach. “Speed dating” was added to their innovation loop to optimize the contact between innovation owners and relevant experts. The aim of this research was to gain insight into the experiences and suggestions for improvement of this speed dating concept among the involved stakeholders.
Methods
A qualitative study was performed based on a focus group and semi-structured interviews. 36 stakeholders were selected by purposive sampling and approached to participate in this study. Data was collected from 11 respondents. The transcripts of the focus group and interviews were coded according to the open and axial coding phases of the methods of Grounded Theory.
Results
Five major themes emerged during the thematic analysis of the transcriptions: (1) Preparation before the Sign in, (2) Mapping out the process between Sign in and Sign out, (3) Defining the roles and deliverables of experts, (4) Guiding the idea owner, and (5) Supporting capacity of resources.
Conclusions
Since communication and collaboration to access external expertise and resources is so crucial to the success of the innovation lab’s process, it is perhaps not surprising that the most important improvements suggested by our results are associated with improving cooperation. We recommend large organizations, such as a secondary healthcare center, to examine the possibilities to introduce a similar process as the speed dating concept. Our results confirm the advantages of such an approach, but also highlight the necessity of continuous improvement. These improvements should focus on the coordination of joint efforts between stakeholders and the securing of resources. Therefore, we recommend focusing on clarifying the roles and deliverables of the experts, assisting the idea owner with project management and adding a sponsor who would be able to acquire specific resources.
Inhibition of STAT3 by 2-Methoxyestradiol suppresses M2 polarization and protumoral functions of macrophages in breast cancer
Authors: Deswal Bhawna , Bagchi Urmi , Santra Manas Kumar , Kapoor Sonia , Garg Manoj 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Breast cancer metastasis remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. Infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the tumor stroma is known to be correlated with reduced overall survival, and inhibitors of TAMs are sought after for reprogramming the tumor microenvironment. 2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME2), a potent anticancer and antiangiogenic agent, has been in clinical trials for treatment of breast cancer. Here, we investigated the potential of 2ME2 in modulating the pro-tumoral effects of TAMs in breast cancer.
Methods
THP-1-derived macrophages were polarized to M2 macrophages with or without 2ME2. The effect of 2ME2 on M2 surface markers and anti-inflammatory genes was determined by Western blotting, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and qRT‒PCR. The effect of M2 macrophages on malignant properties of breast cancer cells was determined using colony formation, wound healing, Transwell, and gelatin zymography assays. An orthotopic model of breast cancer was used to determine the effect of 2ME2 on macrophage polarization and metastasis in vivo.
Results
First, our study found that polarization of THP-1 cells to alternatively activated M2 macrophages is associated with the reorganization of the microtubule cytoskeleton. 2ME2 depolymerized microtubules and reduced the expression of CD206 and CD163, suggesting that it inhibits the macrophages to attain pro-tumoral M2 phenotype. Concurrently, 2ME2 inhibited the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors, including CCL18, TGF-β, IL-10, FNT, arginase, CXCL12, MMP9, and VEGF-A, and hindered the metastasis-promoting effects of M2 macrophages. 2ME2 treatment reduced the expression of CD163 in tumors and inhibited tumor growth and lung metastasis in the orthotopic breast cancer model. Mechanistically, 2ME2 was found to decrease the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT3. Furthermore, we confirmed the STAT3 inhibition-mediated effects of 2ME2 by using colivelin (a STAT3 activator) which abrogated the effects of 2ME2 on STAT3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation.
Conclusions
Our study presents novel finding on mechanism of 2ME2 from the perspective of its effects on TAMs via the STAT3 signaling in breast cancer. The data supports further clinical investigation of 2ME2 and its derivatives as therapeutic agents to modulate the tumor microenvironment and immune response in breast carcinoma.
Effects of the Highway Matrix on the Roadkill Patterns of the Crab-Eating Fox, Cerdocyon Thous (Linnaeus, 1766), in Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Tenorio José Cleiton Souza , Cruz Geyner Alves dos Santos , Silveira-Filho Vladimir da Mota , Alexandre Fernando da Silva , Gripp Tiago da Motta , de Araújo Bianca Gonzaga , de Lyra-Neves Rachel Maria , Junior Wallace Rodrigues Telino 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The development of modern society depends on the connectivity of different regions, and in particular, the establishment of roads and highways. While roads may be fundamental to development, they tend to have negative impacts on the biodiversity of a region. The present study verifies the roadkill patterns of the crab-eating fox, Cerdocyon thous, in the context of the characteristics of the surrounding matrix. Specimens were collected from four highways in the Brazilian states of Pernambuco and Alagoas, between August 2019 and December 2020. The date, time, and location of each specimen was recorded, and the carcasses were removed from the highway to avoid replicating records. A total of 101 specimens were collected, with a 1:1 sex ratio. Roadkill hotspots were observed in environments to which C. thous is adapted, in particular open fields and the margins of areas with denser vegetation. Rainfall may influence the observed roadkill patterns, given that the hotspots coincided with areas that have annual rainfall of between 600 mm and 700 mm. The molecular analyses indicated that the sample collected encompasses individuals from two distinct genetic groups, which are both distributed throughout the study area, reflecting its reduced genetic diversity. This scenario is influenced by factors such as the pattern of anthropogenic impacts within the study area and the ecological characteristics of the species. The impacts of the roadkill hotspots can be mitigated by measures such as signposting during recruitment periods.
Causal association between body mass index and risk of perianal abscess: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wu Long , Wu Huan , Huang Fei , Li Xiaoyun , Zhen Yunhuan , Li Haiyang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Perianal abscess is a common infectious disease affecting the perianal region. Body mass index (BMI) is a widely used indicator for assessing weight and obesity. Although obesity is known to be associated with multiple health issues, the understanding of the relationship between BMI and perianal abscess is limited. Whether BMI influences the risk of perianal abscess remains a subject of debate.
Method
A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, weighted mode and MR-Egger regression methods was performed. We used the publicly available summary statistics data sets of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) meta-analyses for BMI in individuals of South Asian (n = 8,658) as the exposure and a GWAS for abscess of anal and rectal regions from the individuals included in OpenGWAS database (total n = 183 710; case = 1 287, control = 182 423) as the outcome.
Results
We selected 29 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at genome-wide significance from GWASs on BMI as the instrumental variables. The IVW method showed there is no evidence to support a causal association between BMI and perianal abscess (Beta = -0.093, SE = 0.097, P = 0.340). MR-Egger regression revealed that directional pleiotropy was unlikely to be biasing the result (intercept = 0.024; P = 0.285), and it also showed no causal association between BMI and perianal abscess (Beta = -0.254, SE = 0.177, P = 0.162). Moreover, the weighted median and weighted mode also approach no evidence of a causal association between BMI and perianal abscess (weighted median: Beta =- 0.126, SE = 0.139, P = 0.363; weighted mode: Beta = -0.207, SE = 0.182, P = 0.813). Cochran's Q test and the funnel plot indicated no evidence of heterogeneity and asymmetry, indicating no directional pleiotropy.
Conclusion
The results of MR analysis did not yield sufficient evidence to suggest a causal association between BMI and an elevated risk of perianal abscess.
Trainees’-supervisor collaboration, progress-visualisation, and coaching: a survey regarding challenges in ICU-trainees’ assessment
Authors: Scholte Johannes B.J. , Strehler Johannes Ch. , Dill Tatjana , Mook Walther N.K.A. van 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background Trainees’ assessment is needed, yet challenging, to achieve competence development. To improve the assessment process, it is important to identify its contributing and influencing factors. Methods Intensive care unit (ICU)-residents, -fellows, and intensivists from a large non-university hospital were surveyed about the challenges in assessing ICU-trainees. Thematic analysis revealed three major themes. Results Out of 45 physicians, 37(82%) responded. The first theme is trainee-intensivist collaboration discontinuity. The limited time the trainees stay the ICU, the large size of the team working in a discordant three-shift-system, and busy and unpredictable day-planning hinder sustained collaboration. A short briefing before collaboration, shared bedside care, and debriefing after collaboration with assessment and reflection upon collaboration were provided as potential solutions. Trial registration N/A
Structural basis for an early stage of the photosystem II repair cycle in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Liu Zhenfeng , Li Anjie , You Tingting , Pang Xiaojie , Wang Yidi , Tian Lijin , Li Xiaobo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Photosystem II (PSII) catalyzes water oxidization and plastoquinone reduction by utilizing light energy. It is highly susceptible to photodamage under high-light conditions and the damaged PSII needs to be restored through a process known as the PSII repair cycle. The detailed molecular mechanism underlying the PSII repair process remain mostly elusive. Here we report biochemical and structural features of a PSII-repair intermediate complex, likely arrested at an early stage of the PSII repair process in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The complex contains three protein factors associated with a damaged PSII core, namely Thylakoid Enriched Factor 14 (TEF14), Photosystem II Repair Factor 1 (PRF1), and Photosystem II Repair Factor 2 (PRF2). TEF14, PRF1 and PRF2 may function to facilitate release of the manganese-stabilizing protein PsbO, disassembly of peripheral light-harvesting complexes from PSII and blockage of the QB site, respectively. Moreover, an α-tocopherol quinone molecule is located adjacent to the heme group of cytochrome b559, potentially fulfilling a photoprotective role by preventing generation of reactive oxygen species.