bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical medicine & rehabilitation residents' perspectives on women's musculoskeletal health
Authors: Ye Alice , Gray Elizabeth , Bennis Stacey , Rho Monica , Hwang Sarah 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionWomen are either disproportionately or uniquely affected by certain musculoskeletal conditions but have limited access to providers of sex‐specific musculoskeletal care. Few physical medicine & rehabilitation (PM&R) residencies offer women's musculoskeletal health training, and it is unknown whether PM&R residents feel prepared to care for women's musculoskeletal health concerns.ObjectiveTo examine PM&R residents' perspectives and experiences in women's musculoskeletal health.DesignCross‐sectional survey developed through clinical expertise and consistent with sports medicine guidelines.SettingElectronic survey sent to all accredited PM&R residency programs within the United States, distributed through program coordinators and resident representatives.ParticipantsPM&R residents.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresThe primary outcome was residents' perspective of comfort with women's musculoskeletal health. Secondary outcomes were exposure to formal education on women's musculoskeletal health topics, exposure to various learning formats for these topics; and residents' perspectives on desire for further education, access to field‐specific mentors, and interest in incorporating women's musculoskeletal health into future practice.ResultsTwo hundred eighty‐eight responses were included for analysis (20% response rate, 55% female sex residents). Only 19% of residents self‐reported feeling comfortable providing care for women's musculoskeletal health conditions. Comfort did not significantly differ by postgraduate year, program region, or sex. However, with regression modeling, the number of topics learned formally in their curriculum had an increased odds of residents self‐reporting comfort (odds ratio [OR] 1.18, confidence interval [CI] 1.08–1.30, adjusted p value .01). The majority of residents viewed learning women's musculoskeletal health as important (94%) and requested more exposure to the field (89%).ConclusionsMany PM&R residents do not feel comfortable in caring for women's musculoskeletal health conditions despite their interest in the field. To improve health care access for patients seeking care for these sex‐predominant or sex‐specific conditions, residency programs may want to consider increasing exposure to women's musculoskeletal health for residents.
Degradation mechanism of AtrA mediated by ClpXP and its application in daptomycin production in Streptomyces roseosporus
Authors: Xu Wei‐Feng , Sun Chen‐Fan , Gao Wen‐Li , Scharf Daniel H. , Zhu Chen‐Yang , Bu Qing‐Ting , Zhao Qing‐Wei , Li Yong‐Quan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe efficiency of drug biosynthesis depends on different transcriptional regulatory pathways in Streptomyces, and the protein degradation system adds another layer of complexity to the regulatory processes. AtrA, a transcriptional regulator in the A‐factor regulatory cascade, stimulates the production of daptomycin by binding to the dptE promoter in Streptomyces roseosporus. Using pull‐down assays, bacterial two‐hybrid system and knockout verification, we demonstrated that AtrA is a substrate for ClpP protease. Furthermore, we showed that ClpX is necessary for AtrA recognition and subsequent degradation. Bioinformatics analysis, truncating mutation, and overexpression proved that the AAA motifs of AtrA were essential for initial recognition in the degradation process. Finally, overexpression of mutated atrA (AAA‐QQQ) in S. roseosporus increased the yield of daptomycin by 225% in shake flask and by 164% in the 15 L bioreactor. Thus, improving the stability of key regulators is an effective method to promote the ability of antibiotic synthesis.
Irreversible evolutionary loss of chitin‐degrading ability in the chitinase‐like protein Ym1 under positive selection in rodents
Authors: Okawa Kazuaki , Tabata Eri , Kida Yuta , Uno Kyohei , Suzuki Hidetoshi , Kamaya Minori , Bauer Peter O. , Oyama Fumitaka 
Published: March 2023

AbstractYm1 (chitinase‐like 3, Chil3) expressed in mice is a nonenzymatic chitinase‐like protein, which shows 67% identity with mouse acidic chitinase (Chia). Similar to Chia, Ym1 is overexpressed in asthma and parasitic infections in mouse lungs. Due to the lack of chitin‐degrading activity, the biomedical role of Ym1 under these pathophysiological conditions remains to be determined. In this study, we investigated what region and amino acid changes in Ym1 resulted in the loss of enzymatic activity. Replacing two amino acids at the catalytic motif to obtain a Chia‐like sequence (N136D and Q140E; MT‐Ym1) did not activate the protein. We conducted a comparative study of Ym1 and Chia. We found that three protein segments—(i) the catalytic motif residues, (ii) exons 6 and 7, and (iii) exon 10—are responsible for chitinase activity loss in Ym1. We show that replacing each of these three segments in Chia that are also involved in substrate recognition and binding by the Ym1 sequence can fully abolish the enzymatic activity. In addition, we show that there have been extensive gene duplication events at the Ym1 locus specific to the rodent lineages. Consistent with this result, Ym1 orthologs from the rodent genome were under positive selection when analyzed through the CODEML program. These data suggest that numerous amino acid substitutions in the regions involved in the chitin recognition, binding, and degradation ability of the ancestor Ym1 molecule lead to the irreversible inactivation of the protein.
Covariate handling approaches in combination with dynamic borrowing for hybrid control studies
Authors: Fu Chenqi , Pang Herbert , Zhou Shouhao , Zhu Jiawen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBorrowing data from external control has been an appealing strategy for evidence synthesis when conducting randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Often named hybrid control trials, they leverage existing control data from clinical trials or potentially real‐world data (RWD), enable trial designs to allocate more patients to the novel intervention arm, and improve the efficiency or lower the cost of the primary RCT. Several methods have been established and developed to borrow external control data, among which the propensity score methods and Bayesian dynamic borrowing framework play essential roles. Noticing the unique strengths of propensity score methods and Bayesian hierarchical models, we utilize both methods in a complementary manner to analyze hybrid control studies. In this article, we review methods including covariate adjustments, propensity score matching and weighting in combination with dynamic borrowing and compare the performance of these methods through comprehensive simulations. Different degrees of covariate imbalance and confounding are examined. Our findings suggested that the conventional covariate adjustment in combination with the Bayesian commensurate prior model provides the highest power with good type I error control under the investigated settings. It has desired performance especially under scenarios of different degrees of confounding. To estimate efficacy signals in the exploratory setting, the covariate adjustment method in combination with the Bayesian commensurate prior is recommended.
Hordenine improves Parkinsonian‐like motor deficits in mice and nematodes by activating dopamine D2 receptor‐mediated signaling
Authors: Li Hongli , Gao Min , Chen Ziyu , Zhou Zhenyu , Li Wei , Zhang Xiaoyang , Jiang Xi , Luo Lingling , Li Fei , Wang Gaorui , Zhang Yu , Huang Xingxu , Zhu Jingning , Fan Shengjie , Wu Xiaojun , Huang Cheng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and the striatum, leading to dopamine (DA) deficiency in the striatum and typical motor symptoms. A small molecule as a dietary supplement for PD would be ideal for practical reasons. Hordenine (HOR) is a phenolic phytochemical marketed as a dietary supplement found in cereals and germinated barley, as well as in beer, a widely consumed beverage. This study was aimed to identify HOR as a dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) agonist in living cells, and investigate the alleviative effect and mechanism of HOR on PD‐like motor deficits in mice and nematodes. Our results firstly showed that HOR is an agonist of DRD2, but not DRD1, in living cells. Moreover, HOR could improve the locomotor dysfunction, gait, and postural imbalance in MPTP‐ or 6‐OHDA‐induced mice or Caenorhabditis elegans, and prevent α‐synuclein accumulation via the DRD2 pathway in C. elegans. Our results suggested that HOR could activate DRD2 to attenuate the PD‐like motor deficits, and provide scientific evidence for the safety and reliability of HOR as a dietary supplement.
Astragaloside IV attenuates myocardial dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy rats through downregulation of CD36‐mediated ferroptosis
Authors: Li Xin , Li Ziwei , Dong Xin , Wu Yu , Li Baohua , Kuang Bin , Chen Gangyi , Zhang Liangyou 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDiabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), one of the major complications of type 2 diabetes, is a leading cause of heart failure and death in advanced diabetes. Although there is an association between DCM and ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes, the internal mechanism of ferroptosis leading to DCM development remains unknown. CD36 is a key molecule in lipid metabolism that mediates ferroptosis. Astragaloside IV (AS‐IV) confers various pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and immunomodulatory. In this study, we demonstrated that AS‐IV was able to recover the dysfunction of DCM. In vivo experiments showed that AS‐IV ameliorated myocardial injury and improved contractile function, attenuated lipid deposition, and decreased the expression level of CD36 and ferroptosis‐related factors in DCM rats. In vitro experiments showed that AS‐IV decreased CD36 expression and inhibited lipid accumulation and ferroptosis in PA‐induced cardiomyocytes. The results demonstrated that AS‐IV decreased cardiomyocyte injury and myocardial dysfunction by inhibiting ferroptosis mediated by CD36 in DCM rats. Therefore, AS‐IV regulated the lipid metabolism of cardiomyocytes and inhibited cellular ferroptosis, which may have potential clinical value in DCM treatment.
Morphology and Reading Skills in Arabic‐Speaking Syrian Refugee Children
Authors: Al‐Janaideh Redab , Tibi Sana , Gottardo Alexandra , Paradis Johanne , Chen Xi 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTLimited research has been conducted on the literacy skills of Arabic‐speaking refugee children. This study investigated the concurrent and longitudinal roles of morphological awareness in Arabic word reading and reading comprehension. A total of 75 Syrian refugee children aged 6–13 years resettled in Canada were administered measures of nonverbal reasoning, vocabulary, phonological awareness, morphological awareness, word reading accuracy, and reading comprehension at two points in time separated by 1 year. Hierarchical regression analyses, controlling for age, nonverbal and verbal cognitive abilities, and phonological awareness indicated that morphological awareness was related to word reading and reading comprehension concurrently and longitudinally. Results are interpreted in the context of the targeted refugee population and the linguistic and orthographic features of Arabic. Implications for future research, assessment, and instruction are discussed.
Do Spelling and Vocabulary Improve Classification Accuracy of Children's Reading Difficulties Over and Above Word Reading?
Authors: Kim Young‐Suk Grace , Petscher Yaacov 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIt is widely recognized that individuals with dyslexia have difficulties with word reading and spelling, and individuals with reading comprehension difficulties have low vocabulary knowledge. However, little is known about the extent to which spelling and vocabulary are informative of reading difficulties. In the present study, we investigated whether information on students' spelling and vocabulary in kindergarten increases the precision of identifying students with reading difficulties, using longitudinal data from kindergarten to Grade 2. The sample was composed of 247 kindergartners (55% boys; 56% White children, 35% African American children, and 5% mixed‐race children; 72% from low SES) who were followed to Grade 2. Spelling improved the accuracy of identifying students who experienced word reading difficulties in kindergarten and Grade 1. In contrast, vocabulary did not improve the accuracy of identifying students with reading difficulties over and above word reading and spelling. These results indicate the importance and utility of including spelling, in addition to word reading, as an integral part of accurately identifying children with reading difficulties as early as kindergarten. In addition, although vocabulary did not contribute additional predictive power, it is likely to exert its influence at a later phase of reading development.
Sustainable development policies of renewable energy and technological innovation toward climate and sustainable development goals
Authors: Xing Licong , Udemba Edmund Ntom , Tosun Merve , Abdallah Ibrahim , Boukhris Imed 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study seeks to investigate the possibility of achieving Chinese climate and sustainable development goals (SDGs) with technological innovations and renewable energy policies. Currently, China is ranked first in global emissions. Hence, we utilized Chinese data of 1996Q1 2018Q4 to investigate the policy implication of technological innovation and renewal energy towards its climate goals. Economic development, technology, energy and environmental policies are incorporated in our study for clear insight on the impact of technology and renewable energy on China's climate goals. We adopt different scientific approaches (structural break, bound method of co‐integration, autoregressive dynamic lag‐ARDL dynamics and granger causality test) for both quantitative and theoretical analyses. Our discussions and policy inference are based on the findings from ARDL and granger causality analyses. Findings from ARDL tests debunk the inverted U‐shape EKC hypothesis for China. Technological innovations and renewable energies are found impacting favorably on Chinese environment by reducing carbon emissions. Output derived from Causality supports the results from ARDL with nexus established amongst the selected instruments. From the findings, we conclude by advocating for policy to be framed on renewable energy sector through investment and technological boosting towards a SDG for China.
Secreted S100A4 causes asthmatic airway epithelial barrier dysfunction induced by house dust mite extracts via activating VEGFA/VEGFR2 pathway
Authors: Huang Chaowen , Zheng Dongyan , Fu Chunlai , Cai Ziwei , Zhang He , Xie Zhefan , Luo Lishan , Li Huifang , Huang Yanming , Chen Jialong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe airway epithelial barrier dysfunction plays a crucial role in pathogenesis of asthma and causes the amplification of downstream inflammatory signal pathway. S100 calcium binding protein A4 (S100A4), which promotes metastasis, have recently been discovered as an effective inflammatory factor and elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in asthmatic mice. Vascular endothelial growth factor‐A (VEGFA), is considered as vital regulator in vascular physiological activities. Here, we explored the probably function of S100A4 and VEGFA in asthma model dealt with house dust mite (HDM) extracts. Our results showed that secreted S100A4 caused epithelial barrier dysfunction, airway inflammation and the release of T‐helper 2 cytokines through the activation of VEGFA/VEGFR2 signaling pathway, which could be partial reversed by S100A4 polyclonal antibody, niclosamide and S100A4 knockdown, representing a potential therapeutic target for airway epithelial barrier dysfunction in asthma.
Assessment of ultrasound features of placenta accreta spectrum in women at high risk: association with outcome and interobserver concordance
Authors: Bhide A. , Hussein A. M. , Elbarmelgy R. M. , Elbarmelgy R. A. , Thabet M. M. , Jauniaux E. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo evaluate the prenatal ultrasound features associated with operative complications and to assess the interobserver agreement of prenatal ultrasound assessment with histopathologic confirmation of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) in a cohort of high‐risk patients with detailed intraoperative and histopathologic data.MethodsThis was a retrospective multicenter cohort study of patients at high risk of PAS referred for specialist perinatal care and management between January 2019 and May 2022. Deidentified ultrasound images were reviewed independently by two experienced operators blinded to clinical details, intraoperative features, outcome and histopathologic findings. The diagnosis of PAS was confirmed by failure of detachment of one or more placental cotyledons from the uterine wall at delivery, and the absence of decidua with distortion of the uteroplacental interface by fibrinoid deposition on histologic examination of the accretic areas obtained by guided sampling of partial myometrial resection or hysterectomy specimens. Patients were categorized as having a low or high likelihood of PAS at birth. Interobserver agreement of prenatal ultrasound assessment with histopathologic confirmation of PAS was assessed using the kappa statistic. Primary outcome was major operative morbidity (blood loss ≥ 2000 mL, unintentional injury to the viscera, admission to intensive care unit or death).ResultsA total of 102 women at high risk of PAS were referred, of whom 66 had evidence of PAS at birth and 36 did not. When blinded to other clinical details, the examiners agreed on the low or high probability of PAS, according to ultrasound features, in 75/102 cases (73.5%). The kappa statistic was 0.47 (95% CI, 0.28–0.66), showing moderate agreement. Morbidity was twice as common with concordant prenatal diagnosis of PAS vs concordant diagnosis of not PAS. Concordant assessment of high probability of PAS was associated with the highest morbidity (66.6%) and a very high (97.6%) likelihood of histopathologic confirmation.ConclusionsThe probability of histopathologic confirmation is very high with concordant prenatal assessment suggestive of PAS. The interobserver agreement for preoperative assessment with histopathologic confirmation of PAS is only moderate. Morbidity is associated with both histopathologic diagnosis and concordant antenatal assessment of PAS. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Local Optimisation of Nyström Samples Through Stochastic Gradient Descent
Authors: Hutchings Matthew , Gauthier Bertrand 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe study a relaxed version of the column-sampling problem for the Nyström approximation of kernel matrices, where approximations are defined from multisets of landmark points in the ambient space; such multisets are referred to as Nyström samples. We consider an unweighted variation of the radial squared-kernel discrepancy (SKD) criterion as a surrogate for the classical criteria used to assess the Nyström approximation accuracy; in this setting, we discuss how Nyström samples can be efficiently optimised through stochastic gradient descent. We perform numerical experiments which demonstrate that the local minimisation of the radial SKD yields Nyström samples with improved Nyström approximation accuracy in terms of trace, Frobenius and spectral norms.
Phenomenological and cosmological implications of a scotogenic three-loop neutrino mass model
Authors: Abada Asmaa , Bernal Nicolás , Cárcamo Hernández Antonio E. , Kovalenko Sergey , de Melo Téssio B. , Toma Takashi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe propose a scotogenic model for generating neutrino masses through a three-loop seesaw. It is a minimally extended inert doublet model with a spontaneously broken global symmetry U(1)′ and a preserved ℤ2symmetry. The three-loop suppression allows the new particles to have masses at the TeV scale without fine-tuning the Yukawa couplings. The model leads to a rich phenomenology while satisfying all the current constraints imposed by neutrinoless double-beta decay, charged-lepton flavor violation, and electroweak precision observables. The relatively large Yukawa couplings lead to sizable rates for charged lepton flavor violation processes, well within future experimental reach. The model could also successfully explain theWmass anomaly and provides viable fermionic or scalar dark matter candidates.
Novel correlated $$ {D}^0{\overline{D}}^0 $$ systems for c/b physics and tests of T/CPT
Authors: Naik Paras 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Decays of charmonia(-like) particles with definite JPC (e.g. χc1(3872)) to a $$ {D}^0{\overline{D}}^0 $$

D
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system and any combination of C-definite decay particles, are sources of quantum-correlated $$ {D}^0{\overline{D}}^0 $$

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systems with C = P = ±1. Several b-hadron decays also produce quantum-correlated $$ {D}^0{\overline{D}}^0 $$

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systems. Advantages of isolating these systems in their C = +1 components for amplitude analyses and studies of lineshapes are discussed. Methods to separate the C = ±1 $$ {D}^0{\overline{D}}^0 $$

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components from χc1(3872) decay samples are presented. Studies of T and CPT conservation in C = +1 $$ {D}^0{\overline{D}}^0 $$

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systems can be performed with more easily reconstructible final states, when compared to C = −1 $$ {D}^0{\overline{D}}^0 $$

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systems. Experimental mechanisms that can produce C = ±1 $$ {D}^0{\overline{D}}^0 $$

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systems are described in an appendix.
Information-rich quality controls prediction model based on non-destructive analysis for porosity determination of AISI H13 produced by electron beam melting
Authors: Ghibaudo Cristian , Maculotti Giacomo , Gobber Federico , Saboori Abdollah , Galetto Maurizio , Biamino Sara , Ugues Daniele 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe number of materials processed via additive manufacturing (AM) technologies has rapidly increased over the past decade. As of these emerging technologies, electron beam powder bed fusion (EB-PBF) process is becoming an enabling technology to manufacture complex-shaped components made of thermal-cracking sensitive materials, such as AISI H13 hot-work tool steel. In this process, a proper combination of process parameters should be employed to produce dense parts. Therefore, one of the first steps in the EB-PBF part production is to perform the process parameter optimization procedure. However, the conventional procedure that includes the image analysis of the cross-section of several as-built samples is time-consuming and costly. Hence, a new model is introduced in this work to find the best combination of EB-PBF process parameters concisely and cost-effectively. A correlation between the surface topography, the internal porosity, and the process parameters is established. The correlation between the internal porosity and the melting process parameters has been described by a high robust model (R2adj = 0.91) as well as the correlation of topography parameters and melting process parameters (R2adj = 0.77–0.96). Finally, a robust and information-rich prediction model for evaluating the internal porosity is proposed (R2adj = 0.95) based on in situ surface topography characterization and process parameters. The information-rich prediction model allows obtaining more robust and representative model, yielding an improvement of about 4% with respect to the process parameter-based model. The model is experimentally validated showing adequate performances, with a RMSE of 2% on the predicted porosity. This result can support process and quality control designers in optimizing resource usage towards zero-defect manufacturing by reducing scraps and waste from destructive quality controls and reworks.