bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrative lipidomics profile uncovers the mechanisms underlying high-level α-linolenic acid accumulation in Paeonia rockii seeds
Authors: Yang Weizong , Xin Ziwei , Xie Lihang , Zhai Yuhui , Zhang Yanlong , Niu Lixin , Zhang Qingyu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Tree peony (Paeonia rockii) is an excellent woody oilseed crop, known for its high α-linolenic acid (ALA, ~45%) content, which is of great value for human health. However, the mechanisms underlying this high-level ALA accumulation in tree peony seeds are poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated the dynamic changes in the lipidomic profile of P. rockii seeds during development. A total of 760 lipid molecules were identified in P. rockii seeds; triacylglycerol (TAG) lipid molecules showed the highest abundance and diversity, both increasing during seed development. Particularly, ALA was the predominant fatty acid at the TAG sn-3 position. We further characterized two diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) genes and three phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT) genes involved in the transfer of fatty acids to the TAG sn-3 position. Gene expression and subcellular localization analyses suggested that PrDGATs and PrPDATs may function as endoplasmic reticulum-localized proteins in seed TAG biosynthesis. In vitro functional complementation analysis showed different substrate specificities, with PrPDAT2 having a specific preference for ALA. Multiple biological assays demonstrated that PrDGAT1, PrDGAT2, PrPDAT1-2, and PrPDAT2 promote oil synthesis. Specifically, PrPDAT2 leads to preferential ALA in the oil. Our findings provide novel functional evidence of the roles of PrDGAT1 and PrPDAT2, which are potential targets for increasing the ALA yield in tree peony and other oilseed crops.
1-Year Comparative Effectiveness of Tofacitinib vs Ustekinumab for Patients With Ulcerative Colitis and Prior Antitumor Necrosis Factor Failure
Authors: Dalal Rahul S , Sharma Puza P , Bains Kanwal , Pruce Jordan C , Allegretti Jessica R 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundTofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). Real-world data comparing the effectiveness of tofacitinib to ustekinumab are limited. We compared 52-week outcomes of tofacitinib vs ustekinumab for UC after antitumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) failure.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, adults initiated tofacitinib or ustekinumab for UC after anti-TNF failure May 1, 2018 to April 1, 2021, at a US academic medical center. The primary outcome was steroid-free clinical remission (SFCR) at 12 and 52 weeks. The secondary outcome was drug survival (ie, time to drug discontinuation due to nonresponse). Adverse events (AEs) were also assessed.ResultsSixty-nine patients initiated tofacitinib, and 97 patients initiated ustekinumab with median follow-up of 88.0 and 62.0 weeks, respectively. After inverse probability of treatment-weighted logistic and Cox regression, there was no association of tofacitinib vs ustekinumab with SFCR at 12 weeks (odds ratio, 1.65; 95% CI, 0.79-3.41), SFCR at 52 weeks (odds ratio, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.55-2.34), or drug survival (hazard ratio, 1.37; 95% CI, 0.78-2.37). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated no separation in drug survival curves. Regression results were similar after excluding patients with prior tofacitinib or ustekinumab exposure. During available follow-up, 17 AEs were reported for tofacitinib (most commonly shingles, n = 4), and 10 AEs were reported for ustekinumab (most commonly arthralgia and rash, each n = 2). Two patients discontinued treatment due to AEs (1 tofacitinib for elevated liver enzymes, 1 ustekinumab for arthralgia).ConclusionsIn a real-world UC cohort, tofacitinib and ustekinumab demonstrated similar effectiveness at 52 weeks. Adverse events were consistent with the known safety profiles of these agents.
Is it time to abandon the theory of constituent power?
Authors: Verdugo Sergio 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A group of scholars has shown that the theory of constituent power—which seeks to describe and justify the dismantling of the constitutional order and its replacement with a new constitution—is flawed. The analytical tools the theory deploys fail to explain how constitution-making processes unfold. Also, the theory has been subject to normative challenges that question its democratic nature. However, the theory remains a mainstream idea in many countries, and some academics have attempted to defend its democratic nature. I claim that those attempts have rendered the theory meaningless or failed to address all of its problems. I then raise two objections. First, the constituent power theory cannot be used to justify most—if any—constitution-making processes without an excessive idealization of the founding moment, but we are yet to understand the actual costs of that idealization. Second, redeemers of the theory need to decide whether constitution-making can operate under reasonably favorable electoral and democratic conditions or not. Ideal conditions are improbable when constitutional change is carried out in response to a crisis. In the unlikely case that these conditions can be met, using an idea of constitutional change as radical as the constituent power theory is not warranted from a normative perspective. I call this the dilemma of constituent power redemption.
Between Impunity and Justice? Exploring Stakeholders’ Perceptions of Colombia’s Special Sanctions (Sanciones Propias) for International Crimes
Authors: Mayans-Hermida Beatriz E , Holá Barbora , Bijleveld Catrien 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT∞
The peace agreement signed by the Colombian government and the FARC has an innovative sanctioning regime which, based on a restorative approach, offers non-custodial sanctions as a less punitive form of punishment for international crimes. However, given their leniency, these ‘special sanctions’ have caused controversy. Based on qualitative interviews, this study explores the perceptions of different stakeholders concerning various issues related to the special sanctions’ nature, goals, processes, (envisioned) outcomes and challenges. Our findings reveal that most participants perceive these sanctions as a tool that can modestly help repair the damage done, reintegrate (certain) offenders into society, and promote coexistence. Only a limited number of respondents saw these sanctions as punishment. For several participants, the special sanctions may be an alternative accountability measure to prison. However, this seems to depend on meeting certain preconditions, victims’ participation, the type of crime and the offender’s rank and affiliation.
The Type VI Secretion System Contributes to the Invasiveness of Liver Abscess Caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Wang Hairui , Guo Yawen , Liu Zhaoyu , Chang Zhihui 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess (KPLA) with extrahepatic migratory infections is defined as invasive KPLA (IKPLA). The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is involved in the pathogenesis of KPLA. We hypothesized that T6SS plays a role in IKPLA.

Methods
16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing was performed on abscess samples. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) was used to validate the expression difference of T6SS hallmark genes. In vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to identify the pathogenic feature of T6SS.

Results
PICRUSt2 predicted that the T6SS-related genes were notably enriched in the IKPLA group. PCR detection of T6SS hallmark genes (hcp, vgrG, and icmF) showed that 197 (81.1%) were T6SS-positive strains. The T6SS-positive strain detection rate in the IKPLA group was higher than in the KPLA group (97.1% vs 78.4%; P &lt; .05). RT-PCR showed that the hcp expression level was markedly increased in IKPLA isolates (P &lt; .05). The T6SS-positive isolates showed higher survival against serum and neutrophil killing (all P &lt; .05). The T6SS-positive K pneumoniae–infected mice had a shorter survival time, higher mortality, and an increased interleukin 6 expression in the liver and lungs (all P &lt; .05).

Conclusions
T6SS is an essential virulence factor for K pneumoniae and contributes to IKPLA.
States as Role Models: Why Some Countries’ Policies Matter More than Others
Authors: Greenhill Brian , Willis Charmaine N 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We often look to the examples set by other countries when thinking about how to deal with problems at home. But what explains why some countries are more likely to serve as role models than others? Are people influenced mainly by the examples set by countries that are considered to be particularly successful in a given policy area? Or are they influenced to a greater extent by countries that are more familiar to them, or that appear more similar to their own? In this paper, we test these hypotheses using two large (n$\ &gt; {\rm{\ }}$2,000) survey-based experiments conducted in the United States. The first focuses on environmental issues, while the second focuses on human rights issues. In both studies, the respondents were presented with a randomly drawn list of countries and asked to indicate how relevant the examples that these countries set should be to policy discussions in the United States. Our results suggest that the US public's perception of the relevance of other countries’ experiences is driven primarily by the extent to which the respondent perceives the other countries as familiar to them, or similar to the United States, rather than by more objective measures of policy success.
Implementation frameworks for end-to-end clinical AI: derivation of the SALIENT framework
Authors: van der Vegt Anton H , Scott Ian A , Dermawan Krishna , Schnetler Rudolf J , Kalke Vikrant R , Lane Paul J 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective
To derive a comprehensive implementation framework for clinical AI models within hospitals informed by existing AI frameworks and integrated with reporting standards for clinical AI research.

Materials and Methods
(1) Derive a provisional implementation framework based on the taxonomy of Stead et al and integrated with current reporting standards for AI research: TRIPOD, DECIDE-AI, CONSORT-AI. (2) Undertake a scoping review of published clinical AI implementation frameworks and identify key themes and stages. (3) Perform a gap analysis and refine the framework by incorporating missing items.

Results
The provisional AI implementation framework, called SALIENT, was mapped to 5 stages common to both the taxonomy and the reporting standards. A scoping review retrieved 20 studies and 247 themes, stages, and subelements were identified. A gap analysis identified 5 new cross-stage themes and 16 new tasks. The final framework comprised 5 stages, 7 elements, and 4 components, including the AI system, data pipeline, human-computer interface, and clinical workflow.

Discussion
This pragmatic framework resolves gaps in existing stage- and theme-based clinical AI implementation guidance by comprehensively addressing the what (components), when (stages), and how (tasks) of AI implementation, as well as the who (organization) and why (policy domains). By integrating research reporting standards into SALIENT, the framework is grounded in rigorous evaluation methodologies. The framework requires validation as being applicable to real-world studies of deployed AI models.

Conclusions
A novel end-to-end framework has been developed for implementing AI within hospital clinical practice that builds on previous AI implementation frameworks and research reporting standards.
Excavation and characterization of key circRNAs for milk fat percentage in Holstein cattle
Authors: Feng Xiaofang , Cai Zhengyun , Gu Yaling , Mu Tong , Yu Baojun , Ma Ruoshuang , Liu Jiaming , Wang Chuanchuan , Zhang Juan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Milk fat percentage is one of the significant indicators governing the price and quality of milk and is regulated by a variety of non-coding RNAs. We used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) techniques and bioinformatics approaches to explore potential candidate circular RNAs (circRNAs) regulating milk fat metabolism. After analysis, compared with low milk fat percentage (LMF) cows, 309 circRNAs were significantly differentially expressed in high milk fat percentage (HMF) cows. Functional enrichment and pathway analysis revealed that the main functions of the parental genes of differentially expressed circRNAs (DE-circRNAs) were related to lipid metabolism. We selected four circRNAs (Novel_circ_0000856, Novel_circ_0011157, novel_circ_0011944, and Novel_circ_0018279) derived from parental genes related to lipid metabolism as key candidate DE-circRNAs. Their head-to-tail splicing was demonstrated by linear RNase R digestion experiments and Sanger sequencing. However, the tissue expression profiles showed that only Novel_circ_0000856, Novel_circ_0011157, and Novel_circ_0011944 were expressed with high abundance in breast tissue. Based on the subcellular localization found that Novel_circ_0000856, Novel_circ_0011157, and Novel_circ_0011944 mainly function as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) in the cytoplasm. Therefore, we constructed their ceRNA regulatory networks, and the five hub target genes (CSF1, TET2, VDR, CD34, and MECP2) in ceRNAs were obtained by CytoHubba and MCODE plugins in Cytoscape, as well as tissue expression profiles analysis of target genes. These genes play a key role as important target genes in lipid metabolism, energy metabolism, and cellular autophagy. The Novel_circ_0000856, Novel_circ_0011157, and Novel_circ_0011944 regulate the expression of hub target genes through interaction with miRNAs and constitute key regulatory networks that may be involved in milk fat metabolism. The circRNAs obtained in this study may act as miRNA sponges and thus influence mammary gland development and lipid metabolism in cows, which improves our understanding of the role of circRNAs in cow lactation.
Inhalation Injury: Which Providers Can Assess the Need for Intubation?
Authors: Perkins Louis , Horita Henry , Adams Laura , Marshall William , Lee Jeanne , Doucet Jay , Smith Alan , Santorelli Jarrett E 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that many burn patients undergo unnecessary intubation due to concern for inhalation injury. We hypothesized that burn surgeons would intubate burn patients at a lower rate than non-burn acute care surgeons (ACSs). We performed a retrospective cohort study of all patients admitted to an American Burn Association-verified burn center who presented emergently following burn injury from June 2015 to December 2021. Patients excluded include polytrauma patients, isolated friction burns, and patients intubated prior to hospital arrival. Our primary outcome was intubation rates between burn and non-burn ACSs. 388 patients met inclusion criteria. 240 (62%) patients were evaluated by a burn provider and 148 (38%) were evaluated by a non-burn provider; the groups were well-matched. In total, 73 (19%) of patients underwent intubation. There was no difference in the rate of emergent intubation, diagnosis of inhalation injury on bronchoscopy, time to extubation, or incidence of extubation within 48 hours between burn and non-burn ACSs. We found no difference between burn and non-burn ACSs in the airway evaluation and management of burn patients. Surgical providers with acute care surgery backgrounds and Advanced Trauma Life Support training are well-equipped for initial airway management in burn patients. Further studies should seek to compare other types of provider groups to identify opportunities for intervention and education in preventing unnecessary intubations.
Product liability and firm owners’ delegation to overconfident managers
Authors: Friehe Tim , Pham Cat Lam 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article analyzes the socially optimal liability allocation when strictly liable Cournot firms delegate their safety and output choices to managers whose potential biases are chosen by firm owners and consumers misperceive product risks. Firm owners always hire managers who are overconfident about their product safety’s effectiveness in reducing product-related accident risk. However, the extent of overconfidence depends on consumers’ risk perceptions and the allocation of liability. As a result, the socially optimal liability allocation hinges on whether consumers underestimate or overestimate product risk. When consumers overestimate product risks, firms should be held liable for all losses incurred by consumers. However, when consumers underestimate risk, firms should only be held liable for a part of consumer losses. We also show that, in some circumstances, negligence produces socially more desirable outcomes than strict liability (JEL: K13, L13, L14).
Experimental oral delivery of the systemic acaricide moxidectin to free-ranging white-tailed deer (Artiodactyla: Cervidae) parasitized byAmblyomma americanum(Ixodida: Ixodidae)
Authors: Williams Scott C , Linske Megan A , DeNicola Anthony J , DeNicola Vickie L , Boulanger Jason R 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOrally delivered, host-targeted, systemic acaricide treatment has potential to be an effective areawide tick abatement strategy. Past efforts using ivermectin for livestock were reported effective at controlling both Amblyomma americanum (L.) and Ixodes scapularis Say on Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann). However, the labeled 48-day withdrawal period for human consumption largely prevented utilization of this strategy targeting I. scapularis in autumn, when peak adult host-seeking activity coincides with regulated white-tailed deer hunting seasons. The modern-day compound moxidectin is the active ingredient in the pour-on formulation Cydectin (5 mg moxidectin/ml; Bayer Healthcare LLC), with a labeled 0-day withdrawal period for human consumption of treated cattle. We sought to re-examine the systemic acaricide approach for tick management by determining if we could successfully deliver Cydectin to free-ranging white-tailed deer. Over 2 yr in late spring/early summer, coinciding with adult and nymphal A. americanum activity, we fed Cydectin-coated corn to free-ranging white-tailed deer in coastal Connecticut. Through serum analysis, we documented moxidectin levels at or above those previously reported effective for control of ectoparasites (5–8 ppb for moxidectin and ivermectin) in 24 of 29 white-tailed deer captured (83%) while exposed to treated corn. While we did not document differences in burdens of parasitizing A. americanum based on moxidectin sera levels, we did document fewer engorged specimens on deer with increased sera levels. The systemic use of moxidectin for tick management in critical reproductive hosts has the potential to be effective in an areawide capacity while also permitting human consumption of treated venison.
No Thanks, Dear AI! Understanding the Effects of Disclosure and Deployment of Artificial Intelligence in Public Sector Recruitment
Authors: Keppeler Florian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Applications based on artificial intelligence (AI) play an increasing role in the public sector and invoke political discussions. Research gaps exist regarding the disclosure effects—reactions to disclosure of the use of AI applications—and the deployment effect—efficiency gains in data savvy tasks. This study analyzes disclosure effects and explores the deployment of an AI application in a preregistered field experiment (n = 2,000) co-designed with a public organization in the context of employer-driven recruitment. The linear regression results show that disclosing the use of the AI application leads to significantly less interest in an offer among job candidates. The explorative analysis of the deployment of the AI application indicates that the person–job fit determined by the leaders can be predicted by the AI application. Based on the literature on algorithm aversion and digital discretion, this study provides a theoretical and empirical disentanglement of the disclosure effect and the deployment effect to inform future evaluations of AI applications in the public sector. It contributes to the understanding of how AI applications can shape public policy and management decisions, and discusses the potential benefits and downsides of disclosing and deploying AI applications in the public sector and in employer-driven recruitment.
Who Owns the Future of Syrians in Lebanon? Intimate Family Explorations of Refugees’ Own Search for Durable Solutions
Authors: Alpes Maybritt Jill , Feukeu Kwamou Eva , van Houte Marieke , Kseibi Shahed , Shukair Belal 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
For both political and ideological reasons, return is the most favoured future imagined for refugees by policy makers and protection actors. This article analyses how humanitarian migrants in a context of limited durable solutions can be supported to reclaim ownership of their futures, as well as how this can result in deeper insights for social scientists and policy makers. For the case of Syrians, this study deploys futures literacy labs as a participatory and capability-based research methodology that allows participants to become researchers of their own lives. Based on two futures literacy labs with two Syrian families in Lebanon in 2020 and 2021, the article demonstrates that a futures capability-based approach provides humanitarian migrants with the cognitive space and agency needed to go beyond foreclosed decision-making processes. The research methodology allows researchers to become witnesses to intimate reappropriation and learning processes by humanitarian migrants themselves. As a result, we are able to argue that ‘returns’ as a durable solution are essentially about a return to a state of well-being and possibilities, which may or not entail a spatial return.
Maize ZmWRKY28: a target to regulate shade avoidance response under high planting density
Authors: Islam Nishat S 
Published: May 2023

This article comments on:
Zhang Z, Chen L, Yu J. 2023. Maize WRKY28 interacts with the DELLA protein D8 to affect skotomorphogenesis and participates in the regulation of shade avoidance and plant architecture. Journal of Experimental Botany74, 3122–3141.