bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Kummer‐like surfaces attached to singularity and modular forms
Authors: Nagano Atsuhira , Shiga Hironori 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe study a family of lattice polarized K3 surfaces which is an extension of the family of Kummer surfaces derived from principally polarized Abelian surfaces. Our family has two special properties. First, it is coming from a resolution of a simple K3 singularity. Second, it has a natural parameterization by Hermitian modular forms of four complex variables. In this paper, we show two results: (1) we determine the transcendental lattice and the Néron–Severi lattice of a generic member of our family. (2) We give a detailed description of the double covering structure associated with our K3 surfaces.
Technical note: Dose voxel resolution determination for Monte Carlo electron beam simulation in thin targets
Authors: Insley Benjamin Abraham , Bartkoski Dirk Alan , Salehpour Mohammad Reza 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundMonte Carlo particle simulation has become the primary tool for designing low‐energy miniature x‐ray tubes due to the difficulties of physically prototyping these devices and characterizing their radiation fields. Accurate simulation of electronic interactions within their targets is necessary for modeling both photon production and heat transfer. Voxel‐averaging can conceal hot spots in the target heat deposition profile that can threaten the integrity of the tube.PurposeThis research seeks a computationally‐efficient method of estimating voxel‐averaging error in energy deposition simulations of electron beams penetrating thin targets to inform the appropriate scoring resolution for a desired accuracy level.MethodsAn analytical model to estimate voxel‐averaging along the target depth was developed and compared to results from Geant4 via its wrapper, TOPAS. A 200 keV planar electron beam was simulated to impinge tungsten targets of thicknesses between 1.5‐ and 12.5‐. For each target, the model was used to calculate the energy deposition ratio between voxels of varying sizes centered on the longitudinal midpoint of the target. Model‐calculated ratios were compared to simulation outputs to gauge the model's accuracy. Then, the model was used to approximate the error between the point value of electron energy deposition and a voxel‐based measurement.ResultsThe model underestimates error to within 5% for targets less than 7.5‐ in thickness with increasing error for greater thicknesses. For the 1.5‐ target, calculations of the point‐vs.‐voxel energy deposition show an 11% averaging effect between the midpoint and a 1.5‐ voxel. Energy deposition profiles along the target depth were also calculated in the Monte Carlo for reference.ConclusionA simple analytical model was developed with reasonable accuracy to guide Monte Carlo users in estimating the appropriate depth‐voxel size for thin‐target x‐ray tube simulations. This methodology can be adapted for other radiological contexts to increase robustness in point‐value estimations.
Balancing perspectives on performance: “Measurement from the inside” and “measurement from the outside”
Authors: Lee Boram , Sejas‐Portillo Rodolfo , Fraser Ian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article investigates the nature of tensions “on the ground” between the internal and external stakeholders of arts organizations in terms of performance measurement. Based on the qualitative analysis of 19 interviews, the performance measurement practices of two different‐sized arts organizations highlight internal and external stakeholders' contrasting perspectives on a number of measurement dimensions. In endeavoring to understand tensions between internal and external stakeholders, the article highlights the main differences which result from seemingly opposed ways of knowing. Internal stakeholders tend more to reflect “phronesis,” based on value‐rationality, while external stakeholders are more inclined to technical (“techne”), or analytical (“episteme”) knowledge based on instrumental rationality. Nevertheless, there is some evidence of positive engagement between internal and external stakeholders. The article argues that in order to mitigate tensions, internal and external stakeholders should aim for culturally embedded understanding through evaluation‐focused dialogue. In providing both theoretical contributions to nonprofit literature and managerial implications, the article offers an original perspective that challenges existing practice and calls for greater understanding of conflicting interests when different stakeholders are involved in performance measurement.
Circadian aspects of mortality in hospitalized patients: A retrospective observation from a large cohort
Authors: Fang Miao , Xiang Shunju , Xiao Xiaoqiang , Mo Qianning , Si Yang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimThis study aimed to describe the circadian characteristics of hospitalized mortality in order to provide nursing guidance for preventing in‐hospital mortality.DesignA retrospective analysis on inpatient information was implemented.MethodsHarmonic Analysis of Time Series was applied to quantify the periodic structure of the frequency of the occurrence of death.ResultsA total of 3300 cases were included in the present study (male, 63.4% and median age 73 years), including 1540 (46.7%) ICU patients. Incidence of overall hospitalized death exhibited a circadian pattern, presenting peaks from 07:00 to 12:00 and 15:00 to 20:00 P.M., with 21.5% and 13.1% increase above the average at those peak points, respectively. Similarly, the incidence of sudden cardiac death (SCD) showed peaks between 06:00–12:00 and 15:00–20:00, with a 34.7% and 28.0% increase above the average at peak time, respectively. The distribution of death incidence revealed no statistical difference between SCD and non‐SCD (p = 0.525).
Consequence modeling of liquefied petroleum gas accidental release from retail outlets in an African city residential environment
Authors: Abdulkareem Abdulraheem Khadijat , Adeniran Jamiu Adetayo , Aremu Adeniyi Saheed , Yusuf Muhammad‐Najeeb , Oyeneye Afeez Kolawole , Atanda Sarat Ayodele , Abubakar Ismail 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe drive by the Nigerian government to increase the usage of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) within the country has led to the rapid growth of refill stations without adherence to international safety and regulatory guidelines on gas handling. This has increased associated hazards such as explosions and fires leading to loss of life and damage to properties. This study employed the Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres software to model the consequences of explosion and fire due to accidental leakage of LPG into the environment in four selected locations in the Ilorin metropolis under four scenarios. The longest threat zones were observed in Scenario II in all the selected refill stations. The flammability hazard for gas station 1 was predicted to be 98 and 238 m for the red and yellow threat zones, respectively. For thermal radiation, the predicted threat zones are 17, 27, and 43 m for 10, 5, and 2 kW/m2, respectively. January was observed to have the longest threat zones, particularly in the flammability hazard which indicates the influence of atmospheric weather conditions on dispersion. To reduce the accidental release of LPG, continuous enlightenment on safety rules is mandatory for all.
Synthesis of Sheet‐like Zeolite TS‐1 with Short b‐Axis for Epoxidation of 1‐Hexene
Authors: Zhang Min , Ren Shenyong , Guo Qiaoxia , Shen Baojian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn zeolite TS‐1, the straight channel parallelled to the b‐axis direction has larger pore size and thus is main diffusion channel for molecules. Shorter b‐axis brings about shorter diffusion channel, which can leads to higher adsorption and diffusion rate. Therefore, with regard to the morphology modification of MFI zeolites, many studies touch on short b‐axis zeolites have been reported. Unfortunately, most of the preparation processes require harsh synthesis conditions and complex organic templates, and they are not conducive to large‐scale applications. In this work, cheap organic additive urea and seed crystals were added to synthesize sheet‐like TS‐1, which boasts short b‐axis. At the same time a pre‐crystallization was performed at the aging solution stage. In the b‐axis direction, the zeolite TS‐1 prepared in this way had a minimum thickness of about 50 nm. This is because urea can inhibit the growth of crystals in the b‐axis direction, and the guiding effect of the seed liquid also plays the function of adjusting the b‐axis thickness. In the epoxidation of 1‐hexene with H2O2 when catalyzed by sheet‐like TS‐1, the selectivity of the target product 1,2‐epoxyhexane was significantly improved.
Self‐Healing Polyurethane Binder with Catalytic Thermal Decomposition Property Based on Metal‐Ligand Interaction
Authors: Dhas Akash M , Banerjee Shaibal 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHydroxyl Terminated Poly Butadiene (HTPB) based polyurethanes are widely used as polymeric binders in energetic formulations & other applications. Hence, customization in structure of HTPB has been investigated to improve their mechanical and thermal properties. Herein, modification of HTPB polyurethane has been reported in this paper by incorporating 2‐hydroxy‐3, 5‐dinitropyridine (DNP) covalently into the HTPB polyurethane matrix in order to exhibit self‐healing properties. The functionalized polyurethane concurrently displays self‐healing capability via metal‐ligand interaction and also catalytic activity towards thermal decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate (AP). The self‐healing ability was observed by Optical Microscope and up to 96 % healing efficiency was observed by UTM analysis. Further, the catalytic activity was observed with thermal decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate performed by DSC shows lowering in decomposition temperature by 73 °C. By involving the self‐healing and catalytic activity through single moiety in the polymer chain, this two‐in‐one strategy allows to produce advance binders for energetic formulations.
Solvent‐Free Choline Derivative Synthesis as a Powerful Organic Synthesis Medium
Authors: Kamali Ehsan , Mohammadkhani Abolfazl , Pazoki Farzane , Heydari Akbar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study synthesized choline amide as a solvent‐free reagent and ion liquid in one pot to directly create benzylamine without producing associated salts. The synthesis of benzyl azide was also carried out with choline azide solventless, and 1,2,3‐triazole was prepared in the method mentioned. The synthesis of 1,2,3‐triazoles followed the process of a formal benzyl azide cycloaddition. For this purpose, a deep eutectic solvent was used as a catalyst to complete the nitrostyrene process. Both reactions were conducted with a high isolated yield without harmful solvents or catalysts. Eco‐friendly and economically feasible, the method also met environmental standards.
Recent Scenario for the Synthesis of Benzimidazole Moiety(2020–2022)
Authors: Choudhary Annu , Viradiya Riddhi H. , Ghoghari Rajnikant N. , Chikhalia Kishor H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe benzene ring is fused to the 4 and 5 positions of the imidazole ring in the bicyclic heterocyclic aromatic compound known as benzimidazole. Benzimidazole is an important heterocyclic scaffold exhibiting a wide range of biological and pharmacological properties and plays a crucial role in drug design. It is synthesized by a straightforward nucleophilic substitution reaction and condensation method between o‐phenylenediamine and a carbonyl compound under various conditions. In recent years benzimidazole have gained more attention in chemistry due to their biomedical importance. This study focuses on synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives by numerous homogeneous catalysts related from s‐ block, p‐ block, transition metal, inner transition metal and environmentally benign synthetic approaches, via heterogeneous catalyst in metal‐free conditions. Benzimidazole has several applications in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and fine chemicals. Its scaffolds are omnipresent in several bioactive natural products and pharmaceutically important compounds. This review highlights synthetic approaches and studies of benzimidazole reported from the year 2020 onwards.
Pyrazine‐Functionalized Donor–Acceptor Covalent Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Photocatalytic H2 Evolution with High Proton Transport
Authors: Wang Feng‐Dong , Yang Li‐Juan , Wang Xin‐Xin , Rong Yi , Yang Li‐Bin , Zhang Chen‐Xi , Yan Fang‐You , Wang Qing‐Lun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe well‐defined 2D or 3D structure of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) makes it have great potential in photoelectric conversion and ions conduction fields. Herein, a new donor–accepter (D–A) COF material, named PyPz‐COF, constructed from electron donor 4,4′,4″,4′″‐(pyrene‐1,3,6,8‐tetrayl)tetraaniline and electron accepter 4,4′‐(pyrazine‐2,5‐diyl)dibenzaldehyde with an ordered and stable π‐conjugated structure is reported. Interestingly, the introduction of pyrazine ring endows the PyPz‐COF a distinct optical, electrochemical, charge‐transfer properties, and also brings plentiful CN groups that enrich the proton by hydrogen bonds to enhance the photocatalysis performance. Thus, PyPz‐COF exhibits a significantly improved photocatalytic hydrogen generation performance up to 7542 µmol g−1 h−1 with Pt as cocatalyst, also in clear contrast to that of PyTp‐COF without pyrazine introduction (1714 µmol g−1 h−1). Moreover, the abundant nitrogen sites of the pyrazine ring and the well‐defined 1D nanochannels enable the as‐prepared COFs to immobilize H3PO4 proton carriers in COFs through hydrogen bond confinement. The resulting material has an impressive proton conduction up to 8.10 × 10−2 S cm−1 at 353 K, 98% RH. This work will inspire the design and synthesis of COF‐based materials with both efficient photocatalysis and proton conduction performance in the future.
Multi‐Wavelength‐Recognizable Memristive Devices via Surface Plasmon Resonance Effect for Color Visual System
Authors: Han Jiaqi , Shan Xuanyu , Lin Ya , Tao Ye , Zhao Xiaoning , Wang Zhongqiang , Xu Haiyang , Liu Yichun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPhotoelectric memristor has attracted many attentions thanks to their promising potential in optical communication chips and artificial vision systems. However, the implementation of an artificial visual system based on memristive devices remains a considerable challenge because most photoelectric memristors cannot recognize color. Herein, multi‐wavelength recognizable memristive devices based on silver(Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) and porous silicon oxide (SiOx) nanocomposites are presented. Rely on the effects of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and optical excitation of Ag NPs in SiOx, the set voltage of the device can be gradually reduced. Moreover, the current overshoot problem is alleviated to suppress conducting filament overgrowth after visible light irradiation with different wavelengths, resulting in diverse low resistance states (LRS). Taking advantage of the characteristics of controlled switching voltage and LRS resistance distribution, color image recognition is finally realized in the present work. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and conductive atomic force microscopy (C‐AFM) show that the light irradiation plays an important role on resistive switching (RS) process: the photo‐assisted Ag ionization leads to a significant reduction of set voltage and overshoot current. This work provides an effective method toward the development of multi‐wavelength‐recognizable memristive devices for future artificial color vision system.
Multifunctional Starch‐Based Sensor with Non‐Covalent Network to Achieve “3R” Circulation
Authors: Li Jianfang , Deng Yongfu , Fu Hao , Zhang Yuwei , Zhang Yuancheng , Fu Lihua , Xu Chuanhui , Lin Baofeng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWith the consumption of disposable electronic devices increasing, it is meaningful but also a big challenge to develop reusable and sustainable materials to replace traditional single‐use sensors. Herein, a clever strategy for constructing a multifunctional sensor with 3R circulation (renewable, reusable, pollution‐reducing biodegradable) is presented, in which silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with multiple interactions are introduced into a reversible non‐covalent cross‐linking network composed of biocompatible and degradable carboxymethyl starch (CMS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to simultaneously obtain high mechanical conductivity and long‐term antibacterial properties by a one‐pot method. Surprisingly, the assembled sensor shows high sensitivity (gauge factor up to 4.02), high conductivity (0.1753 S m−1), low detection limit (0.5%), long‐term antibacterial ability (more than 7 days), and stable sensing performance. Thus, the CMS/PVA/AgNPs sensor can not only accurately monitor a series of human behavior, but also identify handwriting recognition from different people. More importantly, the abandoned starch‐based sensor can form a 3R circulation. Especially, the fully renewable film still shows excellent mechanical performance, achieving reusable without sacrificing its original function. Therefore, this work provides a new horizon for multifunctional starch‐based materials as sustainable substrates for replacing traditional single‐use sensors.
Parametric analysis of variables influencing the design of I‐girder bridge decks made of high‐performance fiber reinforced concrete
Authors: Ruiz Rafael , Starchevich Gian Biagio , Todisco Leonardo , Corres Hugo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDespite the good balance between notable mechanical properties and a reasonable cost, high‐performance fiber reinforced concrete (HPFRC) is not widely employed in the construction of bridges. This work is part of a larger research addressed at exploring the potential of this material for replacing standard concrete in the construction sector. Specifically, this paper focuses on the use of HPFRC to build precast simply supported I‐girders for road bridges. This work investigates the influence of several design variables on the material consumption to identify the key features that can lead to possible material savings. The variables, explored through a parametric analysis, are: (i) the concrete class (C80/95, C100/115, and C120/140); (ii) the number of beams to form the deck (from 3 to 5); (iii) the girder span‐to‐depth ratio (17, 20, and 23); (iv) the bridge span (L) (20, 40 and 60 m). One specific case of study is described in detail, and then the same procedure is applied to all the case studies. In addition, the effect of different hypotheses and formulations for the bending and shear verifications are analyzed. The results shed light on the relevance that these variables play in the final solution and how they affect the dimensioning of these elements. As main finding, this work proves that the use of HPFRC represent a material‐efficient solution for slender and long‐span precast I‐girders.
The copper (II) complex of salicylate phenanthroline inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Niu Dongqin , Wang Dong , Fan Limei , Liu Zixin , Chen Ming , Zhang Weiran , Liu Yuchen , Xu Jinhua , Liu Yunyi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the present study, we investigated the antitumor effect and associated molecular mechanisms of the copper (II) complex of salicylate phenanthroline [Cu(sal)(phen)] against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Cu(sal)(phen) inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells (HepG2 and HCC‐LM9) and induced apoptosis of HCC cells in a dose‐dependent manner by upregulating mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The expression of the antiapoptotic proteins survivin and Bcl‐2 was decreased, while the expression of the DNA damage marker γ‐H2AX and the apoptotic marker cleaved PARP was upregulated with Cu(sal)(phen) treatment. In vivo, the growth of HepG2 subcutaneous xenograft tumors was greatly attenuated by Cu(sal)(phen) treatment. Immunohistochemistry staining showed that the expression of survivin, Bcl‐2, and Ki67 in the tumor was downregulated by Cu(sal)(phen). Toxicity experiments with BALB/c mice revealed that Cu(sal)(phen) is a relatively safe drug. Our results indicate that Cu(sal)(phen) possesses great potential as a therapeutic drug for HCC.
Usability of climate information: Toward a new scientific framework
Authors: Jebeile Julie , Roussos Joe 
Published: March 2023

AbstractClimate science is expected to provide usable information to policy‐makers, to support the resolution of climate change. The complex, multiply connected nature of climate change as a social problem is reviewed and contrasted with current modular and discipline‐bounded approaches in climate science. We argue that climate science retains much of its initial “physics‐first” orientation, and that it adheres to a problematic notion of objectivity as freedom from value judgments. Together, these undermine its ability to provide usable information. We develop the notion of usability using work from the literature on adaptation, but our argument applies to all of climate science. We illustrate the tension between usability and the objective, physics‐first orientation of climate science with an example about model development practices in climate science. For solutions, we draw on two frameworks for science which responds to societal challenges: post‐normal science and mandated science. We generate five recommendations for adapting the practice of climate science, to produce more usable information and thereby respond more directly to the social challenge of climate change. These are: (1) integrated cross‐disciplinarity, (2) wider involvement of stakeholders throughout the lifecycle of a climate study, (3) a new framing of the role of values in climate science, (4) new approaches to uncertainty management, and (5) new approaches to uncertainty communication.This article is categorized under:
Climate Models and Modeling > Knowledge Generation with Models
The Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Sociology/Anthropology of Climate Knowledge
Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Communication
Sexual Aspects of Breast and Lactation
Authors: Yurtsal Z. Burcu , Uslu Dilek 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn many cultures, the breasts are, in many ways, connected to sexuality and intimacy. Next to providing nutrition for the baby, they are erogenic zones, a relevant factor for female identity, causing insecurity or pride, a source of pain, and a source of pleasure.There are striking similarities between breastfeeding, birth, and orgasm, with oxytocin orchestrating these processes, which are also comparably influenced by the ability ‘to relax’ (sometimes called ‘to let down’). During parturition, breast stimulation can influence the process of birth. Once lactation has started, it can affect sexuality positively and negatively, partly resulting from hormonal changes. Finally, when the lactating woman becomes sexually aroused or has an orgasm, milk outflow can be a source of confusion for some couples and a source of pleasure for others.It is the best nutrition for the baby, a vital factor in the bond between mother and child, and it has long-term health benefits for both. On the other hand, breastfeeding can cause severe fatigue, lack of sex drive, dyspareunia, and the fear of disfigurement. This chapter will include the HCP’s role in information on the different advantages and disadvantages of breastfeeding.This chapter is part of ‘Midwifery and Sexuality’, a Springer Nature open-access textbook for midwives and related healthcare professionals.