bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Curriculum in Neuro-Ophthalmic Principles for National Football League Game Officials: Comparison of Pretraining and Posttraining Ratings of Knowledge
Authors: Vogt Ashtyn Z. , Woodland Matthew Brent , Carter Michael J. , Lee Andrew G. 
Published: July 2023

Background:We hypothesize that creation of a structured curriculum in neuro-ophthalmology principles might improve self-rated learner satisfaction and knowledge base of National Football League (NFL) game officials. Our initial objective is to create the said curriculum in coordination with game official experts and staff at the NFL to increase levels of understanding of neuro-ophthalmology principles. We reviewed the prior published literature on applicable neuro-ophthalmic principles in professional sports. Major neuro-ophthalmic principles reviewed include both the efferent (e.g., saccadic and pursuit eye movements and vestibulo-ocular reflex) and afferent (visual field, dynamic visual acuity during body movement, and selective attention deficits).Methods:A 6-question survey pertaining to levels of understanding, future applicability, relevance, satisfaction, and interest in additional training was then given to 26 individuals before and after a lecture given by Dr. Andrew Lee in Plano, TX. The primary outcome measure was the creation of the curriculum followed by real-world testing for face and content validity and ending with a self-rated assessment.Results:Twenty-one individuals completed the prelecture and postlecture survey out of 26 individuals who attended. Prelecture means for the level of understanding of oculomotor terms and the likelihood of using said terms were 3.4 and 3.2, respectively. Postlecture means were 8.9 and 8.8, respectively. The lecture was rated 9.2 of 10 for relevance to coaching and teaching officials, and individuals rated their interest in further content as 9.4 of 10.Conclusions:This study found that NFL game officials are interested in learning more about the science behind play-calling in terms of neuro-ophthalmology principles and practices. In addition, from our pilot survey, it is evident that even one lecture can improve participants' level of understanding and likelihood of learning more about neuro-ophthalmic principles.
The Effect of Different Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Measurements Using Ultrasound to Assess Intracranial Pressure in Patients With Acute Brain Injury
Authors: Tian Jun , Wu Guo-Biao , Liu Xiao-Bing , Wang Zhi-Yong , Guo Jian-Ying 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) is a promising, noninvasive invasive intracranial pressure (ICP) measurement method. This study aims to analyze the differences in ONSD between the left and right eyeballs and the differences in ultrasonic measurement between the transverse and sagittal planes.

Methods:
Data from a total of 50 eligible patients with various types of brain injury who were admitted to our hospital from May 2019 to June 2021 were analyzed. An ONSD assessment was then performed using Philips B-mode ultrasound, measuring ONSD 3 mm posterior to the eyeballs. The left and right ONSDs in the transverse and sagittal planes were measured. Intraparenchymal fiber optic sensors and catheters were inserted into the ventricles and connected to an external pressure transducer to measure ICP.

Results:
A total of 164 sonographic measurements of ONSD were performed in 50 patients with brain injury in a prospective observational study. Statistically significant differences were found in ONSD between the transverse and sagittal planes. The difference in the left ONSD between the transverse and sagittal planes was 0.007 ± 0.030 cm (P = 0.003). The Spearman rank correlation test showed that the correlation coefficient between ICP and left/right ONSD in the transverse/sagittal planes was 0.495 vs 0.546 and 0.559 vs 0.605, respectively. The results showed that the areas under the curve of ONSD in the transverse and sagittal planes were 0.843 and 0.805, respectively. Medcalc software was used to compare the areas under the receiver operator characteristic curve, and the results showed that ONSD in the sagittal plane is generally better than in the transverse plane (P = 0.0145).

Conclusions:
This study found that ONSD in the sagittal plane is superior to the transverse plane regarding the comprehensive efficacy of ICP, and unilateral measurement is sufficient.
Characteristics of Chryseobacterium bacteremia, associated risk factors and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern at a university hospital: a descriptive, retrospective study
Authors: Chaudhary Radhika , Kar Mitra , Jamwal Ashima , Dubey Akanksha , Singh Romya , Tejan Nidhi , Sahu Chinmoy , Patel Sangram Singh , Kumari Pooja , Ghar Malay 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Chryseobacterium species are emerging bacteria capable of causing nosocomial infections in immunocompromised patients or patients with indwelling medical devices.
Hypothesis/ Gap statement: Information about the incidence of Chryseobacterium bacteremia from worldwide literature is limited.
Aim: We aimed to recognize the clinical characteristics, frequency of distribution of different Chryseobacterium species isolates, and their antimicrobial susceptibility profile from bloodstream infections.
Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study to identify all isolates of Chryseobacterium species from bloodstream infection from January 2018 to November 2022 at a university hospital in North India.
Results: We identified 42 non-duplicate isolates of Chryseobacterium species from bloodstream infection in the duration of our study. Mean age of the patients was 48.35 ± 16.63 years. Men (22/42, 52.2%) were more commonly affected in comparison to women (20/42, 47.6%) but the difference was not significant. The most common species identified was C.indologenes (40/42, 95.24%) followed by C. gleum (2/42, 4.76%). The co-morbidities commonly encountered in our study were chronic kidney disease (21/42, 50.0%) followed by diabetes mellitus (12/42, 28.6%) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (8/42, 19.05%). All patients had intravenous access to medications or fluid management via a central or peripheral line and mechanical ventilation was observed in 39 (39/42, 92.86%) patients. All the isolates were susceptible to minocycline (100%), followed by doxycycline (97.6%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (95.2%).
Conclusion: Chryseobacterium species are capable of causing pneumonia, bacteremia and urinary tract infection in immunocompromised patients. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment with appropriate antibiotics can prevent progression to septicemia.
A knowledge, attitude and practices study on malaria in Kandhamal district, Odisha
Authors: Mohan Indumathi , Das Meenaketan , James Meenu Mariya , Dixit Rashi , Behera Sujit Kumar , Dhangadamajhi Gunanidhi , Kodali Prakash Babu , Balasubramani Karuppusamy , Nina Praveen Balabaskaran 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMalaria is endemic in several tribal-dominated districts in India. Partnering and educating the tribal communities are key to malaria elimination efforts. A Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) study was undertaken at Kandhamal, a tribal-dominated malaria endemic district in the state of Odisha, to assess the gaps in malaria awareness in this community for focused public health interventions. To assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices on malaria in the tribal-dominated regions of Kandhamal district, Odisha. A descriptive KAP survey was carried out in the Kandhamal district at the household level. Three hundred households/respondents from 6 blocks distributed in 44 villages were selected through convenient sampling. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS (version 24), and ArcGIS software was used for GIS mapping. The respondents had good knowledge on the major malaria symptoms. Witchcraft, contaminated food/water, and contact with a malaria case were thought to transmit malaria by 5.3%, 14.3%, and 9.7% of respondents, respectively, and these clusters have been mapped by GIS. Logistic regression identified reduced level of education and open source of water supply to have a strong association with the misconceptions regarding malaria among the respondents. Knowledge and attitude regarding malaria were found to be associated with residence in a hilly area and an open source of water supply, respectively. Overall, the participants in Kandhamal had good KAP on malaria. The clusters with poor knowledge could be the target of focused public health interventions
Horizon, closing the gap between cinematic visualization and medical imaging
Authors: Guaje Javier , Koudoro Serge , Garyfallidis Eleftherios 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMedical imaging has become a fascinating field with detailed visualizations of the body’s internal environments. Although the field has grown fast and is sensitive to new technologies, it does not use the latest rendering techniques available in other domains, such as day-to-day movie production or game development. In this work, we bring forward Horizon, a new engine that provides cinematic rendering capabilities in real-time for quality controlling medical data. In addition, Horizon is provided as free, open-source software to be used as a foundation stone for building the next generation of medical imaging applications. In this introductory paper, we focus on the extensive development of advanced shaders, which can be used to highlight untapped features of the data and allow fast interaction with machine learning algorithms. In addition, Horizon provides physically-based rendering capabilities, the epitome of advanced visualization, adapted for the needs of medical imaging analysis practices.
Meteorological Influence on Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter, A Nationwide Observational Study
Authors: Kim Andrew Geunwon , Park Chanjoo , Tokavanich Nithi , Sabanci Rand , Freel Rebeccah , Hayes Victoria , Thakur Ranjan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of meteorological factors, including atmospheric temperature, humidity, wind speed, and others, on the incidence of atrial fibrillation and flutter (AF) has been the subject of several studies, but the findings have been inconsistent. Given the complex and multifaceted nature of this relationship, a larger-scale study was necessary to provide sufficient statistical power and elucidate potential associations between them.MethodsThe South Korean government provides open access to national health insurance and weather data for its more than 50 million citizens from January 2010 to July 2022. The national health insurance data includes the monthly number of patients diagnosed with a specific condition, reflecting the incidence and prevalence of the condition. Pearson correlation analyses were performed using the statistical analysis software SAS for Academics to examine the association between each month’s national average climate data and the number of patients diagnosed with AF.ResultsThe number of patients diagnosed with AF in the total population showed a statistically significant correlation only with average wind speed (r=-0.42, 95% CI -0.55 to -0.28, p<0.001) and sunshine duration (r=0.27, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.41, p<0.001). Among females aged 20 to 24 years, there was a statistically significant association with other variables, including average temperature, precipitation, humidity, and atmospheric pressure (p<0.05). Diurnal temperature variation showed inconsistent associations across different age and sex groups.ConclusionsThe number of patients diagnosed with AF is negatively correlated with average wind speed and positively correlated with sunshine duration in the general population, particularly among the elderly. There was no significant association between the number of patients diagnosed with AF and average temperature, precipitation, or humidity, except for females aged 20 to 24 years, who exhibited a significant association with these variables. However, it is important to note that these correlations do not establish causality.
Ten Years of Using Key Characteristics of Human Carcinogens to Organize and Evaluate Mechanistic Evidence in IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans: Patterns and Associations
Authors: Rusyn Ivan , Wright Fred A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSystematic review and evaluation of the mechanistic evidence only recently been instituted in cancer hazard identification step of decision-making. One example of organizing and evaluating mechanistic evidence is the Key Characteristics approach of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans. The Key Characteristics of Human Carcinogens were proposed almost 10 years ago and have been used in every IARC Monograph since 2015. We investigated the patterns and associations in the use of Key Characteristics by the independent expert Working Groups. We examined 19 Monographs (2015-2022) that evaluated 73 agents. We extracted information on the conclusions by each Working Group on the strength of evidence for agent-Key Characteristic combinations, data types that were available for decisions, and the role mechanistic data played in the final cancer hazard classification. We conducted both descriptive and association analyses within and across data types. We found that IARC Working Groups were cautious when evaluating mechanistic evidence: for only ∼13% of the agents was strong evidence assigned for any Key Characteristic. Genotoxicity and cell proliferation were most data-rich, while little evidence was available for DNA repair and immortalization Key Characteristics. Analysis of the associations among Key Characteristics revealed that only chemical’s metabolic activation was significantly co-occurring with genotoxicity and cell proliferation/death. Evidence from exposed humans was limited, while mechanistic evidence from rodent studiesin vivowas often available. Only genotoxicity and cell proliferation/death were strongly associated with decisions on whether mechanistic data was impactful on the final cancer hazard classification. The practice of using the Key Characteristics approach is now well-established at IARC Monographs and other government agencies and the analyses presented herein will inform the future use of mechanistic evidence in regulatory decision-making.
Spectral phasor plot for hyperspectral imaging of acridine orange photophysics within the cell
Authors: Díaz Marcela , Zolessi Flavio R. , Malacrida Leonel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAcridine Orange (AO) has rich photophysics that has been exploited to study its interaction with RNA and DNA. Traditionally AO was used to stain cells differentiating nucleus and cytoplasm due to the differences in DNA and RNA differential composition. AO cell labeling shows complex behavior depending on several parameters, such as concentration, pH, etc. Such complex photophysics will benefit from a model-free analysis such as the spectral phasor (SP) for hyperspectral imaging. The SP linear combination and reciprocity principles allow us to understand better the AO spectral shift associated with its exploration of the different molecular environments in cells. Using this approach, we identified the SP fingerprints for RNA and DNA for in vitro experiments, which remain invariant for fixed and live cells. However, the SP analysis of the AO fluorescence from live cells shows the occurrence of a third spectral component at 640 nm. The linear properties of the SP analysis enable quantification of the AO bound to RNA, DNA, and a third component. By co-labeling with AO and LysoTracker, we associated part of these subcellular structures with acidic compartments. Nonetheless, we could differentiate AO self-interactions from its binding to RNA within cytoplasmic compartments by use of the SP analysis. This work establishes the use of SP for hyperspectral imaging of AO for the first time, expanding our knowledge of its complex photophysics and promoting further application for in vivo cell imaging.
Simulations of sequence evolution: how (un)realistic they are and why
Authors: Trost Johanna , Haag Julia , Höhler Dimitri , Jacob Laurent , Stamatakis Alexandros , Boussau Bastien 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMotivationSimulating Multiple Sequence Alignments (MSAs) using probabilistic models of sequence evolution plays an important role in the evaluation of phylogenetic inference tools, and is crucial to the development of novel learning-based approaches for phylogenetic reconstruction, for instance, neural networks. These models and the resulting simulated data need to be as realistic as possible to be indicative of the performance of the developed tools on empirical data and to ensure that neural networks trained on simulations perform well on empirical data. Over the years, numerous models of evolution have been published with the goal to represent as faithfully as possible the sequence evolution process and thus simulate empirical-like data. In this study, we simulated DNA and protein MSAs under increasingly complex models of evolution with and without insertion/deletion (indel) events using a state-of-the-art sequence simulator. We assessed their realism by quantifying how accurately supervised learning methods are able to predict whether a given MSA is simulated or empirical.ResultsOur results show that we can distinguish between empirical and simulated MSAs with high accuracy using two distinct and independently developed classification approaches across all tested models of sequence evolution. Our findings suggest that the current state-of-the-art models fail to accurately replicate several aspects of empirical MSAs, including site-wise rates as well as amino acid and nucleotide composition.Data and Code AvailabilityAll simulated and empirical MSAs, as well as all analysis results, are available athttps://cme.h-its.org/exelixis/material/simulation_study.tar.gz. All scripts required to reproduce our results are available athttps://github.com/tschuelia/SimulationStudyandhttps://github.com/JohannaTrost/seqsharp.Contactjulia.haag@h-its.org
A framework for modelling desert locust population dynamics and large-scale dispersal
Authors: Retkute Renata , Thurston William , Cressman Keith , Gilligan Christopher A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAs climate change leads to new areas being under threat from emerg-ing pests, there is increasing demand for approaches combining mechanistic models and geospatial information. Forecasting based on modelling can in-form surveillance, early warning and management. This paper introduces a novel framework for modelling desert locust population dynamics and migra-tion using knowledge of pest biology, climate and remote sensing data, wind trajectories and desert locust survey data from Locust Hub (FAO). Fur-thermore, we propose an algorithm for forecasting short-term and long-term desert locust migration based on limited reporting data.
PlantConnectome: knowledge graph encompassing >70,000 plant articles
Authors: Lim Shan Chun , Fo Kevin , Sunil Rohan Shawn , Itharajula Manoj , Chuah Yu Song , Foo Herman , Davey Emilia Emmanuelle , Fullwood Melissa , Thibault Guillaume , Mutwil Marek 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOne of the main quests of plant biology is understanding how genes and metabolites work together to form complex networks that drive plant growth, development, and responses to environmental stimuli. However, the ever-growing volume and diversity of scientific literature make it increasingly challenging to stay current with the latest advances in gene function studies. Here, we tackle the challenge by deploying the text-mining capacities of large language models to process over 71,000 plant biology abstracts. Our approach unveiled nearly 5 million functional relationships between a wide array of biological entities—genes, metabolites, tissues, and others—with a high accuracy of over 85%. We encapsulated these findings in PlantConnectome, a user-friendly database, and demonstrated its diverse utility by providing insights into gene regulatory networks, protein-protein interactions, and stress responses. We believe this innovative use of AI in the life sciences will allow plant scientists to keep up to date with the rapidly growing corpus of scientific literature. PlantConnectome is available athttps://plant.connectome.tools/.
Clinical proteomics reveals vulnerabilities in non-invasive breast ductal carcinoma and drives personalized treatment strategies
Authors: Mitsa Georgia , Florianova Livia , Lafleur Josiane , Aguilar-Mahecha Adriana , Zahedi Rene P. , del Rincon Sonia V , Basik Mark , Borchers Christoph H , Batist Gerald 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDuctal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is the most common type (80%) of noninvasive breast lesions. The lack of validated prognostic markers, limited patient numbers and variable tissue quality significantly impact diagnosis, risk stratification, patient enrolment, and results of clinical studies. We performed label-free quantitative proteomics on 50 clinical formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded biopsies, validating 22 putative biomarkers from independent genetic studies. Our comprehensive proteomic phenotyping reveals more than 380 differentially expressed proteins and metabolic vulnerabilities, that can inform new therapeutic strategies for DCIS and IDC. Due to the readily druggable nature of proteins and metabolites, this study is of high interest for clinical research and pharmaceutical industry. To further evaluate our findings, and to promote the clinical translation of our study, we developed a highly multiplexed targeted proteomics assay for 90 proteins associated with cancer metabolism, RNA regulation and signature cancer pathways, such as Pi3K/AKT/mTOR and EGFR/RAS/RAF.
Quantification of glutathione with high throughput live-cell imaging
Authors: Qi Xiaoli , Chen Jianwei , Jiang Xiqian , Lu Dong , Yu Xin , Lin Hanfeng , Monroy Erika Y. , Wang Meng C. , Wang Jin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractReduction oxidation (redox) reactions are central in life and altered redox state is associated with a spectrum of human diseases. Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant antioxidant in eukaryotic cells and plays critical roles in maintaining redox homeostasis. Thus, measuring intracellular GSH level is an important method to assess the redox state of organism. The currently available GSH probes are based on irreversible chemical reactions with glutathione and can’t monitor the real-time glutathione dynamics. Our group developed the first reversible reaction based fluorescent probe for glutathione, which can measure glutathione levels at high resolution using a confocal microscope and in the bulk scale with a flow cytometry. Most importantly it can quantitatively monitor the real-time GSH dynamics in living cells. Using the 2ndgeneration of GSH probe, RealThiol (RT), this study measured the GSH level in living Hela cells after treatment with varying concentrations of DL-Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) which inhibits GSH synthesis, using a high throughput imaging system, Cytation™ 5 cell imaging reader. The results revealed that GSH probe RT at the concentration of 2.0 µM accurately monitored the BSO treatment effect on GSH level in the Hela cells. The present results demonstrated that the GSH probe RT is sensitive and precise in GSH measurement in living cells at a high throughput imaging platform and has the potential to be applied to any cell lines.