bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive study on cybersecurity challenges and opportunities in the IoT world
Authors: Lone Aejaz Nazir , Mustajab Suhel , Alam Mahfooz 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIt has become possible to link anything and everything to the Internet in recent decades due to the expanding Internet of Things (IoT). As a result, our usage of technology has changed a lot, causing digital disruption in the real world. IoT allows drones, sensors, digital set‐top boxes, surveillance cameras, wearable technology, and medical equipment to be connected to the internet. Healthcare, manufacturing, utilities, transportation, and housing are among the various sectors that has become intelligent. Recently, we have seen a surge in cybersecurity challenges and opportunities for the improvement of various IoT applications. Although cybersecurity and the IoT are extensively researched, there is a dearth of studies that exclusively focus on the evolution of cybersecurity challenges in the area of AI and machine learning, blockchain and zero trust, lightweight security, integration of IoT with 5G networks, and many more in the IoT world. The availability of environment‐capturing sensors and internet‐connected tracking devices allows for private life surveillance and cloud data transmission. Therefore, a significant problem for researchers and developers is to ensure the CIA (Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability) security triangle for people. This paper presents a comprehensive study of cybersecurity applications, challenges, and opportunities in the IoT world. The IoT architectural layer, attacks against the IoT layer, and related issues are highlighted. Furthermore, cybersecurity issues and challenges in IoT along with the strength and weaknesses of existing techniques are discussed in detail. Our study will provide insight into various current cybersecurity research trends in the IoT world.
Sustainability perspective in fib MC2020: Contribution of concrete structures to sustainability
Authors: Hajek Petr 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSustainability is a global goal of sustainable development aimed at ensuring a quality life on the Earth for the future generations. Buildings, infrastructure and the entire built environment should be better prepared for the new conditions—they should be sustainable, resilient and adaptable to new situations. This requires new technical solutions for the construction, reconstruction, and modernization of buildings and all other engineering structures. Concrete is gradually becoming a building material with great potential for realizing technical solutions that meet new requirements, leading to the necessary reduction of environmental impacts and consequent improvement of social and economic conditions. The paper presents implementation of sustainability principles in the new fib Model Code 2020 (MC2020). This represents a contribution of the International Federation for Structural Concrete (fib) to the achievements of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), set by the United Nations in 2015 as an action plan for the period up to 2030.
19F‐Labeled Probes for Recognition‐Enabled Chromatographic 19F NMR
Authors: Xu Zhenchuang , Zhao Yanchuan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe NMR technique is among the most powerful analytical methods for molecular structural elucidation, process monitoring, and mechanistic investigations; however, the direct analysis of complex real‐world samples is often hampered by crowded NMR spectra that are difficult to interpret. The combination of fluorine chemistry and supramolecular interactions leads to a unique detection method named recognition‐enabled chromatographic (REC) 19F NMR, where interactions between analytes and 19F‐labeled probes are transduced into chromatogram‐like 19F NMR signals of discrete chemical shifts. In this account, we summarize our endeavor to develop novel 19F‐labeled probes tailored for separation‐free multicomponent analysis. The strategies to achieve chiral discrimination, sensitivity enhancement, and automated analyte identification will be covered. The account will also provide a detailed discussion of the underlying principles for the design of molecular probes for REC 19F NMR where appropriate.
Antimicrobial use in the surgical treatment of canine pyometra: A questionnaire survey of Arizona‐licensed veterinarians
Authors: Lavin Lindsey E. , Maki Lynn C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies and consensus statements in veterinary and human medicine recommend more judicious use of antimicrobials. While guidelines have been provided for some veterinary diseases, others have poorly elucidated guidelines. Postoperative treatment of canine pyometra is a condition with minimal guidelines regarding antimicrobial use.ObjectiveTo identify and investigate patterns of antimicrobial use following surgically treated canine pyometra.MethodsA 23‐question survey, sent to 863 small and mixed animal practitioners, investigated demographics, patterns of antibiotic use, rate of culture submission and participant's recollection of outcomes of surgically treated pyometra cases. Responses were analysed for relationships between demographics, patterns of antibiotic use and culture results to better understand reasoning for antibiotic protocols.ResultsOne hundred and fifty‐two responses were received. Overall, 76% of veterinarians stated they always use preoperative and perioperative antibiotics, and 74% stated they always use postoperative antibiotics. A total of 16 different antibiotics were reported. Twelve per cent of respondents regularly submitted a culture. Culture submission was impacted by cost, prior experience, poor owner compliance, result turnaround time and anticipated results.ConclusionsMost respondents always used antibiotics and rarely or never submitted a culture. To optimise patient care, future clinical studies are needed to determine specific guidelines for the use of culture and antibiotics in the treatment of canine pyometra following ovariohysterectomy.
Complete recovery after suspected phenobarbital‐induced acute liver failure in a dog
Authors: Balana Pedrol Jordi , Seth Mayank 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAcute liver failure is a syndrome with poor prognosis, with idiosyncratic drug injury being associated with a particularly poor outcome in both veterinary and human medicine. This case report presents a 4‐year 9‐month‐old, male, entire Eurasier with history of phenobarbital treatment for 1 year 6 months for idiopathic epilepsy that presented for investigation of a 5‐day history of abdominal distension, 2 weeks of hyporexia, polyuria, polydipsia intermittent vomiting and increased epileptic seizure frequency. The patient made a complete recovery from acute liver failure, presumed to be induced by phenobarbital toxicity. The presentation, diagnostic approach, investigations performed, treatment and progression are discussed in the following pages. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first described case of a dog to make a full recovery after acute liver failure due to suspected phenobarbital toxicity.
Persistent hypoxaemia and pulmonary oedema in a horse anaesthetised for emergency exploratory laparotomy
Authors: Testa Barbara , Ward Robert , Schoeffmann Gudrun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA 16‐year‐old, 550 kg Connemara gelding was anaesthetised for resection of multiple small intestine strangulating lipomas via ventral midline celiotomy. Severe hypoxaemia, detected throughout the anaesthetic period (lowest PaO258 mmHg [7.6 kPa]), was unresponsive to the ventilatory strategies implemented. Flared nostrils and increased respiratory rate were present at recovery from anaesthesia. When the horse was returned to the yard, bilateral foamy nasal discharge and increased respiratory effort and rate were noticed, consistent with pulmonary oedema. The horse received oxygen supplementation and furosemide, which led to complete resolution within 24 hours.
Noninvasive genetic monitoring of Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) from Darjeeling district of Northwest Bengal, India
Authors: Priyambada Prajnashree , Singh Vinaya K. , Singh Abhishek , Joshi Bheem D. , Dalui Supriyo , Wangmo Lenrik K. , Ghosh Avijit , Thapa Avantika , Singh Sujeet K. , Chandra Kailash , Sharma Lalit K. , Thakur Mukesh 
Published: April 2023

AbstractChinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) has experienced a rapid population decline across its distribution range mainly due to illegal harvesting for scale and local consumption for meat. We monitored 65 burrows of free‐ranging pangolins and collected 147 fecal droppings from five sites in the Darjeeling district of Northwest Bengal in the central Himalayas. On genetic analysis with the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, we obtained four haplotypes with haplotype diversity of 0.479 ± 0.088. At 15 microsatellite loci, we identified 35 unique genotypes with relatively low level of genetic diversity (Ho‐0.382 ± 0.091). We also estimated the population genetic parameters and demographic history using Bayesian skyline plot which revealed a demographic decline in the population size in the past 200 years. The present study generated the base‐line population genetics estimates of Chinese pangolin, that may be used in genetic monitoring of the population and also aid to the geographical assignment of wildlife crime cases.
Synthesis, characterization, and comparison of explosive hexaamminecobalt(III) and nitropentamminecobalt(III) cyclopentazolate (cyclo‐N5−) salts
Authors: Chen Lei , Jiang Bitao , Zhang Chong , Sun Chengguo , Gao Chao , Du Yang , Hu Bingcheng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMetal pentazolate hydrates have attracted attention because of the unique stabilization mechanisms of cyclo‐N5− anions during crystal stacking. However, coordinated H2O molecules influence the stability of cyclo‐N5− anion‐containing salts, and the structure‐property relationship of high‐valent cobalt pentazolate salts has not been previously reported. Werner‐type cobalt(III) cations that trap cyclo‐N5− anions, a novel class of cyclo‐N5−‐based materials, were prepared and characterized by infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and thermogravimetry with differential scanning calorimetry. The [Co(NH3)5(NO2)]2+ cation was also introduced via metathesis reactions to compare the intermolecular interactions in its intriguing structures. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction revealed extensive hydrogen bonding networks in hexaamminecobalt(III) and nitropentamminecobalt(III) cyclo‐N5− salts between cyclo‐N5− anions and NH3 ligands or nitro groups. In addition, [Co(NH3)6(N5)3] (1) and [Co(NH3)5(NO2)](N5)2 (2) exhibited relatively high nitrogen contents of 79.2 % and 67.9 %, respectively, and the impact sensitivities of 1 (IS=5 J) and 2 (IS=4 J) are comparable to that of lead azide.
On the Estimation of Time Varying AR Processes
Authors: Korte Johannes , Schubert Till , Brockmann Jan Martin , Schuh Wolf-Dieter 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn time series analysis auto regressive (AR) modelling of zero mean data is widely used for system identification, signal decorrelation, detection of outliers and forecasting. An AR process of order p is uniquely defined by r coefficients and the variance of the noise. The roots of the characteristic polynomial can be used as an alternative parametrization of the coefficients, which is used to construct a continuous covariance function of the AR processes or to verify that the AR processes are stationary. In this contribution we propose an approach to estimate an AR process of time varying coefficients (TVAR process). In the literature, roots are evaluated at discrete times, rather than a continuous function like we have for time varying systems. By introducing the assumption that the movement of the roots are linear functions in time, stationarity for all possible epochs in the time domain is easy to accomplish. We will illustrate how this assumption leads to TVAR coefficients where the k-th coefficient is a polynomial of order k with further restrictions on the parameters of the coefficients. At first we study how to estimate TVAR process parameters by using a Least Squares approach in general. As any AR process can be rewritten as a combination of AR processes of order two with two complex conjugated roots and AR processes of order one, we limit our investigations to these orders. Higher order TVAR processes are computed by successively estimating TVAR processes of orders one or two. Based on a simulation, we will demonstrate the advantages of a time varying model and compare them to the stationary time stable model. In addition, we will give a method to identify time series, for which the model of the TVAR processes with linear roots is suitable.
The Legacies: Explaining the Richness and Heterogeneity of European Political Science
Authors: Capano Giliberto , Verzichelli Luca 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPolitical science is to be considered a relatively new academic subject within the European scenario, having only seen the light of day during the second half of the twentieth century. Nonetheless, as we have seen in Chap. 1, the discipline has grown significantly thanks to the extension of higher education in all European countries between the 1960s and 1980, to the transition to democracy of the South-European authoritarian regimes, and to the democratization of the former communist regimes in Central-Eastern Europe.
The Current Scenario: Mapping Fragmentation and Transformation in European Political Science
Authors: Capano Giliberto , Verzichelli Luca 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis chapter offers a comprehensive overview of the state of European political science. Unlike previous selective analyses of the varieties of political science across Europe (for instance, Klingemann, 2007), or recent studies of the evolution of sub-disciplinary domains in Europe (de Sousa et al., 2010), we offer an account of the present scenario by investigating different sources of data including surveys, documentary fonts and qualitative interviews. These facts and figures, indeed, allow us to offer a robust and precise description of the complexity of European political science. In particular, we rely on three types of sources: the 2018–2019 Proseps Survey of European political scientists’ attitudes towards political science; other datasets developed by the same project via flash surveys and initiatives from its internal working groups; and finally, the main findings from more than twenty open-ended interviews with knowledge holders—both young and senior experts in the discipline.
In Vitro Models and Proteomics in Osteoarthritis Research
Authors: Rydén Martin , Önnerfjord Patrik 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis review summarizes and exemplifies the current understanding of osteoarthritis in vitro models and describes their relevance for new insights in the future of osteoarthritis research. Our friend and highly appreciated colleague, Prof. Alan Grodzinsky has contributed greatly to the understanding of jointtissue biology and cartilage biomechanics. He frequently utilizes in vitro models and cartilage explant cultures, and recent work also includes proteomics studies. This review is dedicated to honor his 75-year birthday and will focus on recent proteomic in vitro studies related to osteoarthritis, and within this topic highlight some of his contributions to the field.
Nanomechanics of Aggrecan: A New Perspective on Cartilage Biomechanics, Disease and Regeneration
Authors: Wang Chao , Kahle Elizabeth R. , Li Qing , Han Lin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractArticular cartilage is a hydrated macromolecular composite mainly composed of type II collagen fibrils and the large proteoglycan, aggrecan. Aggrecan is a key determinant of the load bearing and energy dissipation functions of cartilage. Previously, studies of cartilage biomechanics have been primarily focusing on the macroscopic, tissue-level properties, which failed to elucidate the molecular-level activities that govern cartilage development, function, and disease. This chapter provides a brief summary of Dr. Alan J. Grodzinsky’s seminal contribution to the understanding of aggrecan molecular mechanics at the nanoscopic level. By developing and applying a series of atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based nanomechanical tools, Grodzinsky and colleagues revealed the unique structural and mechanical characteristics of aggrecan at unprecedented resolutions. In this body of work, the “bottle-brush”-like ultrastructure of aggrecan was directly visualized for the first time. Meanwhile, molecular mechanics of aggrecan was studied using a physiological-like 2D biomimetic assembly of aggrecan on multiple fronts, including compression, dynamic loading, shear, and adhesion. These studies not only generated new insights into the development, aging, and disease of cartilage, but established a foundation for designing and evaluating novel cartilage regeneration strategies. For example, building on the scientific foundation and methodology infrastructure established by Dr. Grodzinsky, recent studies have elucidated the roles of other proteoglycans in mediating cartilage integrity, such as decorin and perlecan, and evaluated the therapeutic potential of biomimetic proteoglycans in improving cartilage regeneration.
Computational Modelling for Managing Pathways to Cartilage Failure
Authors: Miramini Saeed , Smith David W. , Gardiner Bruce S. , Zhang Lihai 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOver several decades the perception and therefore description of articular cartilage changed substantially. It has transitioned from being described as a relatively inert tissue with limited repair capacity, to a tissue undergoing continuous maintenance and even adaption, through a range of complex regulatory processes. Even from the narrower lens of biomechanics, the engagement with articular cartilage has changed from it being an interesting, slippery material found in the hostile mechanical environment between opposing long bones, to an intriguing example of mechanobiology in action. The progress revealing this complexity, where physics, chemistry, material science and biology are merging, has been described with increasingly sophisticated computational models. Here we describe how these computational models of cartilage as an integrated system can be combined with the approach of structural reliability analysis. That is, causal, deterministic models placed in the framework of the probabilistic approach of structural reliability analysis could be used to understand, predict, and mitigate the risk of cartilage failure or pathology. At the heart of this approach is seeing cartilage overuse and disease processes as a ‘material failure’, resulting in failure to perform its function, which is largely mechanical. One can then describe pathways to failure, for example, how homeostatic repair processes can be overwhelmed leading to a compromised tissue. To illustrate this ‘pathways to failure’ approach, we use the interplay between cartilage consolidation and lubrication to analyse the increase in expected wear rates associated with cartilage defects or meniscectomy.
Dropping Out of Higher Education in Germany: Using Retrospective Life Course Data to Determine Dropout Rates and Destinations of Non-completers
Authors: Tieben Nicole 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the high rates of higher education dropout have raised attention of education research and policy makers in Germany. However, due to data privacy legislation, it remains challenging to obtain information about the individual progress of students through higher education and the destinations of non-completers. With conventional administrative or cross-sectional data, it is not possible to distinguish non-completion from dropout, so that it mostly has to remain unclear if non-completers reach graduation elsewhere. This contribution uses the retrospective life course data of the NEPS starting cohort 6 to empirically disentangle non-completion and dropout of full-time students in higher education. We discuss the methodological challenges of conventional approaches and show how the advantages of retrospective life course data can be exploited for higher education research. We furthermore examine the destinations of non-completers and dropouts as well as the labour market returns of dropouts, using sequence data analyses and logistic regressions. Our results show that conventional designs possibly are prone to overestimate dropout rates. Longitudinal analyses of destinations after dropout reveal that the permeability between vocational training and higher education is not unidirectional. Vocational training is a relevant absorber of higher education dropouts, but at the same time, vocational qualifications that were gained prior to higher education work as safety-net that buffers labour market risks of dropouts.
Studying Influences of Socio-economic Contexts and Spatial Effects on Educational Careers
Authors: Hillmert Steffen , Hartung Andreas , Weßling Katarina 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSocio-economic contexts and spatial effects have received increasing attention at the intersection of sociology and education. This research group has laid substantial groundwork in this emerging field of research by developing concepts and methodological techniques for analysing spatial contexts, by collecting and preparing relevant contextual data that can be linked with survey data, and by measuring the impact of socio-structural contextual characteristics on educational aspirations and chances of transition from school to vocational and academic training. For at least this specific stage in educational careers, the end of secondary schooling, we have been able to demonstrate that socio-spatial contextual settings (neighbourhoods and regional contexts) are relevant for educational inequalities. Our research has also demonstrated that the relation between socio-economic contexts and inequalities in education is complex. In particular, little is known about the temporal, spatial, and interpersonal variation in contextual effects. This chapter provides an overview of analytical concepts, measurements, and empirical findings that relate socio-spatial context conditions to educational outcomes, and it outlines promising avenues of future research.
Employment-Related Further Training in a Dynamic Labour Market
Authors: Anger Silke , Heß Pascal , Janssen Simon , Leber Ute 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn recent decades, accelerating technological progress and increasing international trade have not only made labour markets more dynamic but also steadily changed the demand for skills and knowledge. As a result, workers have had to continuously invest in training to update their skills if they want to avoid long-lasting negative consequences for their careers. This project uses data from the adult cohort of the German National Education Panel Study (NEPS) to investigate how workers’ training participation has evolved in dynamic labour markets exposed to technological change and increasing international trade. The study analyses the relationship between workplace automation and employment-related training and shows that the training participation of workers whose jobs were highly exposed to automation was much lower than that of workers whose jobs were less exposed. Moreover, results suggest that employers’ financial support explains the lion’s share of the training gap. Consistent with the new training literature, firms are the main force behind further training investments.