bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Creative Contribution to AI-Based Output – One Just Can(’t) Get Enough
Authors: Militsyna Kateryna 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The article attempts to clarify the issue of the copyrightability of AI-based output by streamlining the assessment of human creative contribution to the creation process assisted by generative AI systems. It starts with briefly outlining the state of the art of modern generative AI systems contributing to a better understanding of AI. Then the article presents a five-part test to distinguish between sufficient and insufficient human creative participation and contemplates the following authorship scenarios: sole authorship of AI designers or users; their joint authorship; and non-authorship. The article proceeds with applying the test to output produced using Midjourney, a generative AI tool. It concludes that in many cases of using AI to create output human creative participation remains sufficient for copyright protection eligibility. However, there are also developments and circumstances that drive the increase in ‘authorless’ AI-based output. Moreover, depending on the specific circumstances, using even the same AI system may lead to different test results.
Hospitals’ uneven recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Rhodes Jordan H , Santos Tatiane , Young Gary J 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Using hospital cost report data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, we examined the changes in hospitals’ operating margins and total margins between 2019 and 2021. We found that, as of 2021, hospitals’ operating margins had not fully rebounded to 2019 levels, although they had recovered from the 2020 nadirs. Conversely, average total margins increased by 140% during this period across all US hospitals, with the most significant growth occurring among rural hospitals, publicly operated hospitals, and critical access hospitals. Rural hospitals exhibited the largest gains in total margins during this time, experiencing a 1600% increase from 2019 to 2021. Our findings indicate that government relief funding tied to the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency significantly bolstered the financial health of the average hospital and had an outsize effect on lifting total margins among smaller hospitals that entered the pandemic in the most financially vulnerable position.
Reproductive capacity after gender-affirming testosterone therapy
Authors: Kinnear Hadrian M , Moravek Molly B 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Transgender and nonbinary people with female birth sex may utilize testosterone therapy for masculinization. Individuals interested in reproduction using their own gametes should be offered fertility preservation prior to starting testosterone. However, logistical and practical barriers prevent many from accessing fertility preservation options prior to starting testosterone. Some of these transmasculine and nonbinary individuals may later become interested in carrying a pregnancy or using their oocytes for reproduction after being on testosterone. Many questions remain about the reproductive impact of long-term masculinizing testosterone therapy. Emerging literature has documented pregnancies and successful assisted reproduction for some people after taking testosterone, but it is not known whether individuals can expect these successful outcomes. Testosterone appears to impact the reproductive tract, including the ovaries, uterus, and fallopian tubes, but the reversibility and functional impact of these changes also remain unclear. A greater understanding of the impact of masculinizing testosterone on reproductive capacity remains a priority area for future research.
Analysing the divide between technocrats and diplomats in international organizations
Authors: Pring Jamie 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
International Relations scholarship has examined how technical knowledge boosts the performance of international organizations, but has found that it could also lead to behaviour undermining their broader goals. Research has not reconciled these contrasting observations by specifying when and how technical proficiency leads to such dysfunction. Addressing these gaps, this article examines the connections among Communities of Practice (CoPs) within the organization in linking technical knowledge with other forms of knowledge, actors and tools crucial to address the larger environment, enhancing performance. To illustrate this, the article examines the role of two CoPs, namely, the technical CoP and the diplomatic CoP, in developing and deploying African Mediation Support Structures. The research uses qualitative analysis of official documents, reports, scholarly works and semi-structured expert interviews of officials, partners and analysts. It finds that disconnections among relevant CoPs foster an excessive focus on specific sets of knowledge and tools, particularly technical knowledge, at the expense of engaging others also crucial in addressing the IOs' operating environment, leading to dysfunction. Connections among CoPs promote a holistic response to the environment, enabling the organization to function according to its mandate.
Error estimates of high-order compact finite difference schemes for the nonlinear abcd s systems
Authors: Yi Su-Cheol , Fu Kai , Xie Shusen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this paper, some fourth-order compact finite difference schemes are derived and analyzed for the nonlinear $abcd$ Boussinesq systems. The optimal order error estimates for the semidiscrete compact finite difference schemes with different cases of dispersion coefficients $a,\ b,\ c,\ d$, are presented. The third-order and fourth-order linearized implicit multistep schemes are adopted for time discretization, and numerical experiments are conducted on the model problems. Numerical results show that the proposed schemes have high accuracy and are consistent with the theoretical analysis.
Study of coaxial-dual-gap dielectric barrier discharge based on capillary: discharge characteristics and Escherichia coli decontamination
Authors: Zhu Di , Liu Dongping , Zhao Yao , Li Haiyu , Wang Zhishang , Lu Na 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Aims
The medical capillary catheters occupy a high proportion of medical diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment devices, and will cause serious cross-infection without being disinfected adequately. This paper presents a new plasma structure for efficient inactivation of harmful microorganisms in medical capillaries.

Methods and results
An innovative coaxial-dual-gap dielectric barrier discharge reactor powered by nanosecond-pulsed power supply was designed for disinfection of Escherichia coli (E. coli) inside and outside medical capillary catheters in this work. Atmospheric helium plasma (AHP) and atmospheric air plasma (AAP) were successfully obtained inside and outside capillary (0.6 mm inner diameter and 1.0 mm outer diameter), respectively. The electrical and optical characteristics of AHP and AAP were investigated. As the threshold of applied voltage amplitude (Uamp) was &lt;7.0 kV, only one helium glow discharge was generated inside the capillary at the rising and falling stages of pulse voltage. As the Uamp exceeded the threshold, two helium glow discharges were generated that further caused generation of air discharge. Under the Uamp of 9.0 kV, the production of AHP lowered the breakdown voltage in air gap, resulting in the formation of high-volume and uniform AAP, which was conducive to the realization of full inactivation. The inactivation rates of E. coli reached 98.13% and 99.99% by 2 min AHP and 0.5 min AAP treatment, respectively.

Conclusions
The electrical stress of AHP and the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species produced by AAP were contributed to the inactivation of E. coli. The results of SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) show that plasma treatment can destroy the cellular structure of E. coli.
Genetic diversity, plant growth promotion potential, and antimicrobial activity of culturable endophytic actinobacteria isolated from Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux
Authors: Zou Lan , Zhang Yaopeng , Wang Qian , Wang Siyu , Li Muyi , Huang Jing 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Aim
This study evaluated the phylogenetic diversity, plant growth promotion capacity, antifungal activity, and biocontrol potential of culturable actinobacterial endophytes isolated from the medicinal plant Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux.

Methods and results
Isolation of actinobacteria from healthy A. carmichaelii plants was carried out on six different media. Full-length 16S rRNA gene was amplified by PCR from the genomic DNA of each strain. Indole-3-acetic acid and siderophore production were quantitatively assessed by the Salkowski and Chrome Azurol S methods, respectively. Rice seeds germination and seedling growth were employed to evaluate plant growth promotion capacities of candidate strains. Dual-culture assay and pot experiments were performed to investigate the antifungal and biocontrol potential of isolates. We obtained 129 actinobacterial isolates from A. carmichaelii, and they belonged to 49 species in 7 genera. These strains exhibited diverse plant growth promotion ability, among which one strain significantly enhanced rice seeds germination, while 31 strains significantly facilitated rice seedling growth. SWUST-123 showed strong antifungal activity against four pathogens in vitro and was most compatible with Qingchuan cultivar. SWUST-123 reduced around 40% of southern blight disease occurrence compared to blank control treatment. .

Conclusion
Aconitum carmichaelii harbored genetically diverse actinobacterial endophytes exhibiting diverse plant growth promotion and antifungal potential, some of which can be served as good candidates for biofertilizers and biocontrol agents.
Electronic health records and clinical documentation in medical residency programs: preparing residents to become master clinicians
Authors: Anderson Chad , Kaul Mala , Gullapalli Nageshwara , Pitani Sujatha 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective
The ubiquity of electronic health records (EHRs) has made incorporating EHRs into medical practice an essential component of resident’s training. Patient encounters, an important element of practice, are impacted by EHRs through factors that include increasing documentation requirements. This research sheds light on the role of EHRs on resident clinical skills development with emphasis on their role in patient encounters.

Materials and Methods
We conducted qualitative semistructured interviews with 32 residents and 13 clinic personnel at an internal medicine residency program in a western US medical school focusing on the resident’s clinic rotation.

Results
Residents were learning to use the EHR to support and enhance their patient encounters, but one factor making that more challenging for many was the need to address quality measures. Quality measures could shift attention away from the primary reason for the encounter and addressing them consumed time that could have been spent diagnosing and treating the patient’s chief complaint. A willingness to learn on-the-job by asking questions was important for resident development in using the EHR to support their work and improve their clinical skills.

Discussion
Creating a culture where residents seek guidance on how to use the EHR and incorporate it into their work will support residents on their journey to become master clinicians. Shifting some documentation to the patient and other clinicians may also be necessary to keep from overburdening residents.

Conclusion
Residency programs must support residents as they develop their clinical skills to practice in a world where EHRs are ubiquitous.
Thoracoscopic esophagectomy with subcarinal lymph node dissection in the prone position for esophageal cancer with a right top pulmonary vein
Authors: Mikami Shinya , Enomoto Takeharu , Shimada Jun , Hiwatari Masaki , Tsukamoto Yoshitsugu , Hisatsune Yasuhito , Kimura Sae , Arifuku Hirotaka , Umezawa Saori , Otsubo Takehito 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The right top pulmonary vein (RTPV), a rare pulmonary vein (PV) variant draining the right upper lobe, arises independently from the right superior PV, travels posterior to the right bronchial tree and drains directly into the left atrium (LA) or another PV. We report an RTPV discovered on preoperative computed tomography (CT) scanning in a 60-y-old man who subsequently underwent prone thoracoscopic esophagectomy and subcarinal lymph node dissection. The preoperative CT scan showed an anomalous vessel 7.8 mm in diameter arising from the right upper lobe, running posterior to the right main bronchus (RMB), and draining directly into the LA. To our best knowledge, this is the largest reported RTPV (7.8 mm in diameter) and is an extremely rare variant, passing posterior to the RMB and draining into the LA.
Linear logic in a refutational setting
Authors: Piazza Mario , Pulcini Gabriele , Tesi Matteo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Sequent-style refutation calculi with non-invertible rules are challenging to design because multiple proof-search strategies need to be simultaneously verified. In this paper, we present a refutation calculus for the multiplicative–additive fragment of linear logic ($\textsf{MALL}$) whose binary rule for the multiplicative conjunction $(\otimes )$ and the unary rule for the additive disjunction $(\oplus )$ fail invertibility. Specifically, we design a cut-free hypersequent calculus $\textsf{HMALL}$, which is equivalent to $\textsf{MALL}$, and obtained by transforming the usual tree-like shape of derivations into a parallel and linear structure. Next, we develop a refutation calculus $\overline{\textsf{HMALL}}$ based on the calculus $\textsf{HMALL}$. As far as we know, this is also the first refutation calculus for a substructural logic. Finally, we offer a fractional semantics for $\textsf{MALL}$—whereby its formulas are interpreted by a rational number in the closed interval [0, 1] —thus extending to the substructural landscape the project of fractional semantics already pursued for classical and modal logics.
Money, magic, and machines: International Telecommunication Union and liberalisation of telecommunications networks and services (1970s–1990s)
Authors: Mansouri Negar 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper studies the liberalisation of telecommunication networks and services in the last quarter of the twentieth century, focusing on the role that the International Telecommunication Union played in creating the material, normative and ideological foundations of the pro-market global telecommunications order.
Building social capital in a new home country. A closer look into the predictors of bonding and bridging relationships of migrant populations at different education levels
Authors: Tuominen Minna , Kilpi-Jakonen Elina , García Velázquez Regina , Castaneda Anu , Kuusio Hannamaria 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This article explores the factors that may facilitate or hinder the development of migrant social capital in a settlement country. We build on Robert Putnam’s dyad of bonding and bridging social capital, which are here combined into a single categorical dependent variable. As earlier research shows that higher educated migrants tend to form more extensive social relationships, we explore whether they draw from different background factors to build social capital than those with less education. Separate multinomial regression analyses are conducted for the two education groups using data from the Survey on Well-Being among Foreign Born Population in Finland (n: 5,247). The study finds important differences but also similarities between the education groups. The higher educated group most commonly possesses abundant social capital (i.e. extensive bonding and bridging relationships), while in the lower education group, the proportion of people with scarce social capital (limited bonding and bridging relationships) outnumbers those with abundant capital by over twofold. A satisfactory level of income emerges as the single most important underlying factor that both education groups draw from to build abundant social capital, but it is a far more common characteristic in the higher education group. Yet, income is not enough to explain the disparity between the education groups. Furthermore, the migration-related characteristics shield the higher education group from scarce or one-sided social capital. The lower educated group derive benefits from education obtained in the new home country. Individual characteristics outweigh the importance of context-related factors for social capital development.
Vaginal homeostasis features of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis through vaginal metabolic profiling
Authors: Chen Xinyi , Wang Jinbo , Chen Jing , Wang Guanghua , Zhang Runjie , Qiu Jin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is an inflammatory disease primarily infected by Candida albicans. The condition has good short-term treatment effects, high recurrence, and seriously affects the quality of life of women. Metabolomics has been applied to research a variety of inflammatory diseases. In the present study, the vaginal metabolic profiles of VVC patients and healthy populations (Cnotrol (CTL)) were explored by a non-targeted metabolomics approach. In total, 211 differential metabolites were identified, with the VVC group having 128 over-expressed and 83 under-expressed metabolites compared with healthy individuals. Functional analysis showed that these metabolites were mainly involved in amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism. In addition, network software analysis indicated that the differential metabolites were associated with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and NF-κB signaling. Further molecular docking suggested that linoleic acid can bind to the acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ACSL1) protein, which has been shown to be associated with multiple inflammatory diseases and is an upstream regulator of the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways that mediate inflammation. Therefore, our preliminary analysis results suggest that VVC has a unique metabolic profile. Linoleic acid, a significantly elevated unsaturated fatty acid in the VVC group, may promote VVC development through the ACSL1/MAPK and ACSL1/NF-κB signaling pathways. This study's findings contribute to further exploring the mechanism of VVC infection and providing new perspectives for the treatment of Candida albicans vaginal infection.
Observed isavuconazole exposure: 5-year experience of azole TDM from a Spanish reference laboratory
Authors: Gomez-Lopez Alicia , Sanchez Galiano Susana , Ortega Madueño Sheila , Carballo Gonzalez Cristina 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We aimed to assess patient exposure to isavuconazole (ISZ) from samples received in our laboratory for therapeutic antifungal monitoring. We used liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet (UV) absorbance detection adapted from a multiplex-validated method with photodiode array (PDA) detection to monitor the analytes. The latter device allows the characterization of the azoles UV spectra. The method was validated according to international guidelines for efficient ISZ monitoring.
The assay exhibited linearity between 0.25 and 16 mg/l for ISZ. Accuracy and intra- and inter-day precision were within acceptable ranges, and the method was successfully applied to quantify azoles and major metabolites from clinical samples collected from treated patients. We focus on ISZ blood concentrations and compared them to those of voriconazole, posaconazole, and itraconazole for a period of 5 years (2017–2021). Median ISZ concentration was 2.92 mg/l (interquartile range 1.82–5.33 mg/l) with 89% of measurements classified as adequate exposure (&gt; 1 mg/l). Additionally, 71% of samples reach concentration values &gt; 2 mg/l. Different ISZ exposure between adults to children were found.
In conclusion, ISZ achieves excellent blood concentrations compared to other azole drugs, they are almost identical to those previously described, they exceed the MICs of most fungi for which its use was recommended and they differ depending on the patient’s age. The method we describe for antifungal monitoring is simple, robust, and efficient. It simultaneously analyzes azoles and metabolites, and can be used for tailored interventions, achieve exposures associated with therapeutic success, decrease treatment-related toxicity, and help prevent resistance emergence due to continuous azole sub-optimal concentrations.
On the public provision of positional goods
Authors: Christofzik Désirée I , Kessing Sebastian G 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We investigate whether the public provision of positional goods can be a sensible instrument to address inefficiencies arising from relative-standing externalities associated with the excessive consumption of such goods. In situations where consumers face a discrete choice between a private and a public alternative, providing the latter for free or at a subsidized rate generates incentives to opt for the public alternative. This allows to reduce excessive consumption. We show that such policies can increase welfare and characterize situations where they can even implement efficiency. Efficiency can typically be achieved if the non-positional utility component is sufficiently important. Moreover, we investigate how the public provision of positional goods may be a useful policy instrument in second-best situations, where either the government is constrained to rely on distortionary taxes, or where it redistributes facing information constraints.
Health Expenditure Decentralization and Health Outcomes: The Importance of Governance
Authors: Nakatani Ryota , Zhang Qianqian , Garcia Valdes Isaura 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Does health expenditure decentralization improve a nation’s health? Should countries care about governance quality when they decentralize healthcare spending to local governments? We answer these questions using cross-country data comprising fifty countries from 1996 to 2018. We find that health spending decentralization worsens health outcomes, which are offset by better governance of government. We calibrate the maximum feasible degree of health expenditure decentralization to have positive effects on health outcomes for a given percentile distribution of governance quality. Countries should be mindful of this negative consequence of health spending decentralization and should ensure that the quality of their governance exceeds a certain threshold to offset this negative externality. We also find that vertical fiscal imbalance is negatively associated with health outcomes, underscoring the role of revenue decentralization in improving the fiscal discipline of local governments by avoiding moral hazard caused by soft budget constraints and the common pool problem.
Calibration and simulation of a silicon dosemeter for ambient dose equivalent in low-earth orbit space
Authors: Youn Sukwon , Nam Uk-won , Kim Sunghwan , Kim Hongjoo , Park Won-Kee , Sohn Jongdae , Moon Bongkon , Jun Insoo , Ye Sung-Joon 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A particle dosemeter (PD) is a payload of NEXTSat-2 in the low-earth orbit (LEO). The absorbed dose in LEO needs to be converted into the ambient dose equivalent (H*(10)). Due to a mixed field in LEO, the calibration factors (klow and khigh) should be determined for the low-and high-linear energy transfers (LET) (below and above 1.5 keV/μm), respectively. The PD was irradiated with a 137Cs source at the Korea Radiation Solution facility to obtain H*(10) and absorbed doses. However due to the lack of sources for the high-LET calibration, H*(10) and an absorbed dose were calculated by simulating PD for the high-energy neutron field at CERN-EU high-energy Reference Field. The measured klow of PD had a difference of 5.1% and 9.5% from the calculated value of PD and the measured value of Liulin detectors, respectively. However, a difference in khigh between PD and Liulin was explained by the contribution of non-neutron components to Liulin in the measurements.