bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solvent shared ion pairs and direct contacted ion pairs in LiCl aqueous solution by IR ratio spectra
Authors: Jin Zeya , Wang Zhiqiang , Zhang Ruiting , Ma Lin , Lin Ke 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The micro-structure and molecular interactions of Li+ salt in aqueous solutions is important in many fields. However, whether the solvent shared ion pairs and the direct contacted ion pairs exist in LiCl aqueous solutions or not, and the details about these ion pairs are still under debate. Here, we proposed a novel IR ratio method. Using this method, the hydration spectra of Cl− in LiCl, NaCl and KCl aqueous solutions were measured from the diluted concentration to the highly concentrated solution. Hydration number of Cl− from the hydration spectra was determined to be ~ 2 in the aqueous LiCl. These data demonstrated that about 3 ~ 4 Li+ replaced some water molecules in the first hydration shell of Cl−. As the concentration of LiCl increased, abnormal increase in the hydration number was observed. This is because the water molecule that bridges Li+ and Cl− in the solvent-sharing ion pair are particularly stable, which was directly proven by the red shift of the hydration spectra of Cl− in the O-H stretching region. All the hydration spectra and hydration numbers not only applied to uncover the solvent shared ion pairs and direct contacted ion pairs in LiCl aqueous solution, but also can be employed to the benchmark of force fields in the molecular dynamics simulations.
Whole Exome Sequencing for the Diagnosis of Rare Genetic Neurodevelopmental Disorders Associated with Cerebellar Atrophy
Authors: Ashaat Engy A. , Ahmed Hoda A. , Elaraby Nesma M. , Fayez Alaaeldin , Metwally Ammal M. , Mekkawy Mona K. , Ashaat Neveen A. , Elhossini Rasha Moheb , ElAwady Heba Ahmed , Abdelgawad Randa H. A. , Gammal Mona El , Kersh Mohamed Ahmed Al , Saleh Dina Amin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) are rare multifactorial disorders characterized by dysfunction and degeneration of synapses, neurons, and glial cells which are essential for movement, coordination, muscle strength, sensation and cognition. It may also be associated with neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Several genes have been identified underlying the different forms. Herein, we describe seven patients from 6 Egyptian families. The core clinical features of our patients included dysmorphic features, neurodevelopmental delay or regression, gait abnormalities, skeletal deformities, visual impairment, and seizures. Previously unreported clinical phenotypic findings were recorded. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed followed by in silico analysis of the detected genetic variants effect on the protein structure. Three novel variants were identified in three genes “MFSD8 (CLN7), AGTPBP1, and APTX” and other previously reported three variants have been detected in “TPP1, AGTPBP1 and PCDHGC4” genes. In this cohort, we described the detailed unique phenotypic characteristics in view of the identified genetic profile in patients with ND disorders, hence expanding the mutational spectrum of such disorders.
Policy strategies to achieve zero hunger by 2040 at the country-level
Authors: Verhagen Willem , Bohl David , Pulido Andres , Pirzadeh Audrey , Meisel Collin , Solorzano José , Hughes Barry , Moyer Jonathan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Sustainable development goal 2 aims to end hunger in all its forms by 2030, achieved through a joint policy strategy on raising food production and food access. Most model-based projections on undernourishment towards 2050 focus on sustainably producing enough food, rather than on ending hunger. We compare policy strategies on food supply and food access to lower undernourishment in 2040 for 151 countries. Here, we show that in a Business-as-Usual scenario (BaU) 3.3% of the world population is undernourished by 2040. We develop 27 regional policy target-scenarios on Producing More Food (PMF), Raising average Caloric Consumption (RCC) and within-country Equal Food Distribution (EFD). RCC lowers undernourishment to 2.2%, followed by EFD (2.6%) and PMF (2.7%). For world regions results are mixed, with either RCC or EFD generating the strongest reduction in undernourishment. For individual countries, 90 countries achieve SDG2 in 2040 in the BaU-scenario. In PMF, 18 additional countries achieve SDG2, versus 30 countries in EFD and 38 countries in RCC. Both food supply and food access policy strategies can achieve SDG2, but raising food access results in greater progress at all scales. Long-term food security studies should move beyond environmentally sustainable agricultural policy strategies, as socio-economic policies on food access and inequality policies will determine the future of food security.
Computerization of the Work of General Practitioners: Mixed Methods Survey of Final-Year Medical Students in Ireland
Authors: Blease Charlotte , Kharko Anna , Bernstein Michael , Bradley Colin , Houston Muiris , Walsh Ian , D Mandl Kenneth 
Published: January 2023

Background
The potential for digital health technologies, including machine learning (ML)–enabled tools, to disrupt the medical profession is the subject of ongoing debate within biomedical informatics.

Objective
We aimed to describe the opinions of final-year medical students in Ireland regarding the potential of future technology to replace or work alongside general practitioners (GPs) in performing key tasks.

Methods
Between March 2019 and April 2020, using a convenience sample, we conducted a mixed methods paper-based survey of final-year medical students. The survey was administered at 4 out of 7 medical schools in Ireland across each of the 4 provinces in the country. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and nonparametric tests. We used thematic content analysis to investigate free-text responses.

Results
In total, 43.1% (252/585) of the final-year students at 3 medical schools responded, and data collection at 1 medical school was terminated due to disruptions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. With regard to forecasting the potential impact of artificial intelligence (AI)/ML on primary care 25 years from now, around half (127/246, 51.6%) of all surveyed students believed the work of GPs will change minimally or not at all. Notably, students who did not intend to enter primary care predicted that AI/ML will have a great impact on the work of GPs.

Conclusions
We caution that without a firm curricular foundation on advances in AI/ML, students may rely on extreme perspectives involving self-preserving optimism biases that demote the impact of advances in technology on primary care on the one hand and technohype on the other. Ultimately, these biases may lead to negative consequences in health care. Improvements in medical education could help prepare tomorrow’s doctors to optimize and lead the ethical and evidence-based implementation of AI/ML-enabled tools in medicine for enhancing the care of tomorrow’s patients.
Identification of Postpartum Depression in Electronic Health Records: Validation in a Large Integrated Health Care System
Authors: Slezak Jeff , Sacks David , Chiu Vicki , Avila Chantal , Khadka Nehaa , Chen Jiu-Chiuan , Wu Jun , Getahun Darios 
Published: January 2023

Background
The accuracy of electronic health records (EHRs) for identifying postpartum depression (PPD) is not well studied.

Objective
This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of PPD reporting in EHRs and compare the quality of PPD data collected before and after the implementation of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) coding in the health care system.

Methods
Information on PPD was extracted from a random sample of 400 eligible Kaiser Permanente Southern California patients’ EHRs. Clinical diagnosis codes and pharmacy records were abstracted for two time periods: January 1, 2012, through December 31, 2014 (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision [ICD-9] period), and January 1, 2017, through December 31, 2019 (ICD-10 period). Manual chart reviews of clinical records for PPD were considered the gold standard and were compared with corresponding electronically coded diagnosis and pharmacy records using sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). Kappa statistic was calculated to measure agreement.

Results
Overall agreement between the identification of depression using combined diagnosis codes and pharmacy records with that of medical record review was strong (κ=0.85, sensitivity 98.3%, specificity 83.3%, PPV 93.7%, NPV 95.0%). Using only diagnosis codes resulted in much lower sensitivity (65.4%) and NPV (50.5%) but good specificity (88.6%) and PPV (93.5%). Separately, examining agreement between chart review and electronic coding among diagnosis codes and pharmacy records showed sensitivity, specificity, and NPV higher with prescription use records than with clinical diagnosis coding for PPD, 96.5% versus 72.0%, 96.5% versus 65.0%, and 96.5% versus 65.0%, respectively. There was no notable difference in agreement between ICD-9 (overall κ=0.86) and ICD-10 (overall κ=0.83) coding periods.

Conclusions
PPD is not reliably captured in the clinical diagnosis coding of EHRs. The accuracy of PPD identification can be improved by supplementing clinical diagnosis with pharmacy use records. The completeness of PPD data remained unchanged after the implementation of the ICD-10 diagnosis coding.
Mother’s Mentoring Using GIGI.ID Application on Teeth Brushing Action of Elementary School Students
Authors: Nugraheni Hermien , Sukini , , Qosim Nanang 
Published: January 2023

This research is quantitative analytic with the correlation method aiming at determining the relationship between the variable mother's mentoring using the GIGI.ID application and the student's teeth brushing action variable. The population of this study is elementary school students who have received educational intervention from a social enterprise startup that focuses on dental and oral health in the form of a healthcare platform with teledentistry features. Samples were taken using a purposive sampling technique for 5th-grade students, with consideration that students have been able to communicate well and can work together. The respondents of this study were students and their respective parents. The results reveal a correlation between the mother's mentoring variable and the student's teeth-brushing variable, with a p-value = 0.017 and a correlation coefficient. The correlation between the mother's mentoring variable and the student's teeth brushing variable is strong and positively significant before and after the educational intervention using the GIGI.ID application.Keywords: GIGI.ID application, Mother’s mentoring, Teeth brushing action
Formulation and Evaluation of Nanoemulgels for the Topical Drug Delivery of Posaconazole
Authors: Priyadarshini Priyanka , Karwa Preeti , Syed Ayesha , Asha A.N. 
Published: January 2023

Objective: Posaconazole(POS) is an antifungal drug widely used in treatment of fungal infections. However, the drug has very low oral bioavailability due to high first-pass metabolism, thereby limiting its therapeutic effectiveness. The present study is aimed to prepare nanoemulsion of posaconazole to increase its solubility and to develop posaconazole-loaded nanoemulsion based gel for single dose topical administration to sustain the release of the drug, improve patient compliance and avoid repeated administration.
Method:-FTIR-study was performed to determine compatibility of drug with excipients. Pseudoternary-phase diagram was constructed to optimize the Smix ratio. Optimization of nanoemulsion was done by Box-Behnken Design. The optimized formulation was evaluated for particle-size (nm), polydispersity index (PDI), (%) drug content and in-vitro drug release. POS-nanoemulgel (FNG) was developed using carbopol-934P (1%), which was evaluated for homogeneity, pH, viscosity, spreadability, percentage-yield and in-vitro drug release. The anti-fungal activity of POS-nanoemulgel was evaluated against Candida Albicans.
Results: The FTIR-study confirmed that there was no interaction between drug and excipients. The optimized selected nanoemulsion (FN1) exhibited particle size 79.19nm, PDI 0.357, drug content 95.90% and in-vitro release of 79.40% at 24 hour. The prepared nanoemulgel was homogenous, opaque with good spreadability 13.91±1.19, viscosity 3760±0.014, pH 5.6±0.06 and the zeta-potential was -29mV, indicating good stability. The drug release at 24h was 72.01%. Further, the developed nanoemulgel formulation exhibited better antifungal activity in comparison to the pure drug gel.
Conclusion: Hence, it can be concluded that nanoemulgel of posaconazole can provide better antifungal activity and improve patient compliance.
Keywords: Nanoemulsion, Nanoemulgel, Posaconazole, Anti-fungal, Box-Behnken Design, Pseudoternary phase diagram.
KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE OF SELF-MEDICATION AMONG HEALTHCARE AND NON-HEALTHCARE STUDENTS OF LAHORE, PAKISTAN
Authors: Shahid Sara , Ahmed Fahad , Khan Rabeel , Bajwa Amna , Sana Anosh , Ibtsam Muhammad , Iqbal Muhammad Zahid 
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Self-medication is regarded as the system of taking medicines without the consultation of licensed medical practitioner. Self-medication leads to irrational use of medical drugs which is hazardous for health. The prevalence of this crucial issue is rapidly increasing worldwide. The present study was aimed to access the pattern of self-medication trends in healthcare students and non-healthcare students of Lahore, Pakistan.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey based observational study has been conducted to access the knowledge along with the attitude of medical and non-medical students regarding self-medication. The study settings included different universities and medical colleges of Lahore, Pakistan. A total of 301 students from medical department and other departments were included in the study. A validated self-medication assessment questionnaire was used to access the knowledge along with attitude pattern of self-medication among healthcare students as well as non-healthcare students.
Results: The findings of the present study presented that medical students are more aware of the potential side effects and adverse reactions of the self-medicated drug as compared to the non-medical students. Whereas, trends of self-medication was observed to be slightly higher in healthcare students as compared to the non-healthcare students. Moreover, the frequency of antibiotic use was comparatively more frequent in medical students as compared to the non-medical graduates. Whereas, the use of painkillers without prescription was more prevalent in non-medical students as compare to the medical graduates.
Conclusion: There has been a significant difference in knowledge of healthcare students and non-healthcare students of Lahore, Pakistan. Although both healthcare and non-healthcare students have high prevalence of self-medication but differences have been observed in case of drugs taken. Healthcare students practice self-medication more as compared to the non-health-care students.

Peer Review History:
Received: 10 November 2022; Revised: 18 December; Accepted: 5 January 2023, Available online: 15 January 2023
Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Pharmacy institute, University of Basrah, Iraq, asia_abdullah65@yahoo.com
Received file: Reviewer's Comments:
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewers:
Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, amaka_mgbahurike@yahoo.com
Prof. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, shmahe@yemen.net.ye
Similar Articles:
ANTIMICROBIALS SELF MEDICATION AMONG PARAMEDICAL STUDENTS IN A NIGERIAN UNIVERSITY
ANTIBIOTICS KNOWLEDGE AND THEIR USES AGAINST VARIOUS DISEASES AMONG THE DORMITORY STUDENTS OF A RESIDENTIAL UNIVERSITY IN BANGLADESH: A PILOT STUDY
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF MICROEMULSION FORMULATIONS OF LORNOXICAM
Authors: Islam Md. Shahidul , Uddin Md. Irfan 
Published: January 2023

Background and aims: Microemulsions (ME) basically are the mixture of oil, surfactant (SA) and water, with a co surfactant (Co-SA) in different ratio. This mixture is clear and stable. The final prepared fluid possesses low viscosity. ME are isotropic, stable transparent systems of with a droplets diameter>500 nm. Due to small droplets size, they may serve an excellent carrier for drugs having poor water solubility. Lornoxicam is derivative of allylamine, and is used orally in the treatment of hepatic failure, neutropenia.
Methods: In the present study an attempt was made to increase solubility of Lornoxicam by the means of ME formulations. Oil, surfactant and co-surfactant were selected based on their solubility criteria. Total 5 formulations were developed using water titration method. Prepared formulations were evaluated on different parameters.
Results: The percent transmission was found to be in the range of 98.48±0.15to 99.42±0.04. Refractive index for the micro emulsion formulations was found to be in the range of 1.3218±0.009 to 1.3720±0.021. Percent drug content was found to be in the range of 98.47±0.08 to 99.75±0.21. ME5 has shown faster drug release 91.2±0.06% in an in-vitro study of 4 hrs.
Conclusion: Study concluded that the means of microemulsions formulations solubility of Lornoxicam can be enhanced.

Peer Review History:
Received: 15 November 2022; Revised: 8 December; Accepted: 9 January 2023, Available online: 15 January 2023
Academic Editor: Dr. Sally A. El-Zahaby, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt, sally.elzahaby@yahoo.com
Received file: Reviewer's Comments:
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10
Reviewers:
Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, ahsndkyc@gmail.com
Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, sansan4240732@163.com
Similar Articles:
FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TOPICAL NANO EMULGEL OF TERBINAFINE
HEPATOTOXICITY EFFECTS OF PARACETAMOL-DENIK CLEANSER® CO-ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Obasi Cecilia Nwadiuto , Maagbo Leyiga Justice , Amaka Mgbahurike Augustina 
Published: January 2023

Aim and Objective: The concurrent use of herbal products with orthodox medicine is on the rise with the risk of herb-drug interaction that could be beneficial or harmful to the body. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is an anti-pyretic and analgesic drug metabolized by CYP2E1 to give the major hepatotoxin, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI). Denik cleanserâ is an oral herbal preparation from plants part of Occimum grattissimum, Colocynthis citrullus, Khaya ivorensi. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatotoxic effects triggered by Denikâ and paracetamol co-administration in rats. The study sought to mimic conventional usage of Denik cleanserâ followed by ingestion of paracetamol, a likely scenario given the popularity of both compounds.
Method: Twenty animals were randomly assigned to four groups, the first group (control) received 0.3 mL distilled water, 2nd group received paracetamol 100 mg/kg, 3rd group received Denik cleanserâ2 mL/kg while the 4th group received both paracetamol and Denik cleanserâ at 100 mg/kg and 2 mL/kg daily for 3 days after which biochemical and histological analysis were carried out.
Results: From histological analysis revealed that rats that received Denikâ-only and Denikâ/paracetamol (concomitantly) showed markedly distorted liver architecture compared to control indicating toxicity. Similarly, the biochemical analysis results showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in AST and ALT for the Denikâ/paracetamol group compared to the control group indicating a hepatotoxic event. A non-significant increase in ALP and GGT were also observed in the Denik cleanserâ + paracetamol group. Enhanced metabolism of paracetamol by Denik cleanserâ to NAPQI (hepatotoxic metabolite) is indicated as possible mechanism.
Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated the in vivo potential for a herb/drug interaction involving paracetamol and Denik cleanserâ resulting in liver injury.Therefore, caution is strongly advised against its casual, non-medically supervised usage.

Peer Review History:
Received: 3 November 2022; Revised: 7 December; Accepted: 9 January 2023, Available online: 15 January 2023
Academic Editor: Dr. Nuray Arı, Ankara University, Turkiye, ari@ankara.edu.tr
Received file: Reviewer's Comments:
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewers:
Dr. Sangeetha Arullappan, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia, sangeetha@utar.edu.my
Prof. Hüsniye Kayalar, Ege University, Turkey, husniyekayalar@gmail.com
Similar Articles:
CO-ADMINISTRATION OF GOKO HERBAL CLEANSER AND PARACETAMOL: A HERB-DRUG INTERACTION STUDY
IN-VITRO ANTIOXIDANT, LIPID PEROXIDATION INHIBITION AND LIPID PROFILE MODULATORY ACTIVITIES OF HB CLEANSER®BITTERS IN WISTAR RATS
COVID-19 KINETICS BASED ON REPORTED DAILY INCIDENCE IN HIGHLY DEVASTATED GEOGRAPHICAL REGION: A UNIQUE ANALYSIS APPROACH OF EPIDEMIC
Authors: Eissa Mostafa Essam , Rashed Engy Refaat , Eissa Dalia Essam 
Published: January 2023

The recent outbreak of COVID-19 has impacted the whole globe in various facets of life. Most challenges stem from the public health effect with morbidities and mortalities extensively and comprehensively recorded and reported. The present case provides a unique analysis of the database of the observed cases and deaths of the corona virus pandemic. The focus was on one of the most devastating geographical locations in the world. The dataset of the USA was extracted and arranged chronologically over 106 weeks. The kinetics of mortality and morbidity were analyzed using three-dimensional graphs and control charts. Modeling of the cumulative dataset after logarithmic transformation was executed and the model was analyzed for fitting in terms of regression and error. A strong correlation existed between the number of reported cases and deaths over the study period with noticeable signs of six overlapping waves. Logarithmic transformation (to the base ten) showed improvement in data fitting with an appreciable reduction in standard error and residual parameters. The best-fitted model was an exponential association that could be used to evaluate the severity and frequency of the epidemic in terms of cumulative daily cases and deaths. The provided examination highlights the importance of the new statistical techniques for public health assessment and confrontation of the outbreaks by practitioners and professionals for community protection by providing measurable metrics for the evaluation of the health effect of the disease in the community.

Peer Review History:
Received: 1 November 2022; Revised: 7 December; Accepted: 4 January 2023, Available online: 15 January 2023
Academic Editor: Dr. Jennifer Audu-Peter, University of Jos, Nigeria, drambia44@gmail.com
Received file: Reviewer's Comments:
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10
Reviewers:
Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, ahsndkyc@gmail.com
Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, sansan4240732@163.com
Similar Articles:
COVID-19 PANDEMIC AWARENESS AND ITS IMPACT ON BANGLADESHI PEOPLE: A COMMUNITY BASED SURVEY
KNOWLEDGE, CHARACTERISTICS, WORK SITES OF HEALTH PRACTITIONERS FOR CHEST PHYSIOTHERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH COVID-19, IN KHARTOUM, SUDAN
COVID-19 IN MEXICO: PREPARING FOR FUTURE PANDEMICS