bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling the potential of forest management to mitigate climate change in Eastern Canadian forests
Authors: Ameray Abderrahmane , Bergeron Yves , Cavard Xavier 
Published: September 2023

AbstractClimate change poses a serious risk to sustainable forest management, particularly in boreal forests where natural disturbances have been projected to become more severe. In three Quebec boreal forest management units, biomass carbon storage under various climate change and management scenarios was projected over 300 years (2010–2310) with a process-based dynamic landscape model (PnET-succession for Landis-II). Several strategies varying in their use of partial cuts and clear cuts, including business as usual (BAU) (clear-cut applied on more than 95% of the managed area), were tested and compared to conservation scenarios (no-harvest). Based on simulation results at the landscape scale, the clearcut-based scenarios such as BAU could result in a decrease of biomass carbon stock by 10 tC ha−1 yr−1 compared to the natural scenario. However, this reduction in carbon stock could be offset in the long term through changes in composition, as clearcut systems promote the expansion of trembling aspen and white birch. In contrast, the use of strategies based on partial cuts on more than 75% or 50% of the managed area was closer to or better than the natural scenario and resulted in greater coniferous cover retention. These strategies seemed to be the best to maximize and stabilize biomass carbon storage and ensure wood supply under different climate change scenarios, yet they would require further access and appropriate infrastructure. Furthermore, these strategies could maintain species compositions and age structures similar to natural scenarios, and thus may consequently help achieve forest ecosystem-based management targets. This study presents promising strategies to guide sustainable forest management in Eastern Canada in the context of climate change.
Prevalence and determinants of hysterectomy in India
Authors: Rout Dejalin , Sinha Abhinav , Palo Subrata Kumar , Kanungo Srikanta , Pati Sanghamitra 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIncrease in the prevalence of hysterectomy among low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) such as India has become a significant concern. Reports based on either a particular group or region show an increasing trend in hysterectomy, but there is a dearth of national-level data in this domain. Hence, there seems to be an urgent need to garner evidence on the prevalence and determinants of hysterectomy, which could pave the way for future programs and policies. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of hysterectomy and assess its determinants using a nationally representative sample. An observational analysis was conducted using data from Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI), 2017–2018. 38,154 women aged > 18 years were included. A multivariable logistic regression, presented as an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI), was used to predict the association between various socio-demographic characteristics and hysterectomy. A separate multivariable logistic regression model was executed to determine the association between selected non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and hysterectomy. Survey weights compensated the complex study design. The overall prevalence of hysterectomy was around 11.35%. Excessive menstrual bleeding followed by fibroids emerged as the leading causes of hysterectomy. The various determinants of hysterectomy were urban residents [AOR: 1.54 (1.21–1.96)], other backward class [AOR: 2.19 (1.72–2.78], working women [AOR: 1.19(1–1.42)] and the most affluent (rich) group [AOR: 2.06 (1.62–2.63)]. Hysterectomy was associated with cancer [AOR: 4.83 (2.51–9.29)], diabetes [AOR: 1.79 (1.25–2.57)], hypertension [AOR: 1.48 (1.27–1.71)] and joint diseases [AOR: 1.43 (1.09–1.88)]. Hysterectomy is considerably prevalent in India, which cannot be overlooked. Health promotion regarding hysterectomy and its implications is needed especially among urban residents, affluent groups and those with a higher body mass index. Health programmes aimed at women should follow a life course approach by prioritizing health and overall well-being even after reproductive years.
First report of filarial nematodes in the genus Onchocerca infecting black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Iran
Authors: Khanzadeh Fariba , Maleki-Ravasan Naseh , Adler Peter H. , Karimian Fateh , Kudela Matus 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBlack flies are blood-sucking insects of public health importance, and they are effective vectors of pathogens and parasites, such as filarial nematodes of the genusOnchocerca. Our previous surveys have shown that individuals ofSimulium turgaicumare annoying pests of humans and livestock in the Aras River Basin of Iran. In the present study, adult black flies ofS. turgaicumwere trapped from different ecotopes of five villages in Khoda-Afarin County, Iran. By using a sensitive nested PCR assay and targeting the nuclear18S rDNA-ITS1marker, filarial infections were found in 38 (1.89%) of 2005 black flies. Homology exploration of 360 bp of the sequences indicated that the filarial worms are members of the family Onchocercidae, with maximum alignment scores of 93–95%. Phylogenetic analysis showed that two IranianOnchocercaisolates were clustered in theO. fasciata–O. volvuluslineage and were well separated from other filarial nematodes. Both the entomological evidence (empty abdomen of the specimens) and climatologic data (adequate accumulated degree days for development) suggest that the filarial DNA was probably that of infective larvae of vertebrates. This is the first report of an infection byOnchocercaspecies inS. turgaicumand the first record of onchocercids in black flies in Iran; however, more research is required to demonstrate transmission of these filarial worms by black flies in nature.
Temperature-dependent modulation of odor-dependent behavior in three drosophilid fly species of differing thermal preference
Authors: Baleba Steve B. S. , Mahadevan Venkatesh Pal , Knaden Markus , Hansson Bill S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRapid and ongoing climate change increases global temperature, impacts feeding, and reproduction in insects. The olfaction plays an important underlying role in these behaviors in most insect species. Here, we investigated how changing temperatures affect odor detection and ensuing behavior in three drosophilid flies: Drosophila novamexicana, D. virilis and D. ezoana, species adapted to life in desert, global, and subarctic climates, respectively. Using a series of thermal preference assays, we confirmed that the three species indeed exhibit distinct temperature preferences. Next, using single sensillum recording technique, we classified olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) present in basiconic sensilla on the antenna of the three species and thereby identified ligands for each OSN type. In a series of trap assays we proceeded to establish the behavioral valence of the best ligands and chose guaiacol, methyl salicylate and isopropyl benzoate as representatives of a repellent, attractant and neutral odor. Next, we assessed the behavioral valence of these three odors in all three species across a thermal range (10-35 °C), with flies reared at 18 °C and 25 °C. We found that both developmental and experimental temperatures affected the behavioral performance of the flies. Our study thus reveals temperature-dependent changes in odor-guided behavior in drosophilid flies.
Investigation of altered retinal microvasculature in female patients with rheumatoid arthritis: optical coherence tomography angiography detection
Authors: Lee Hsuan-Yi , Chen Jun , Ying Pin , Xu San-Hua , Kang Min , Zou Jie , Liao Xu-Lin , Shi Wenqing , Ling Qian , Wang Yi-Xin , Wei Hong , Shao Yi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disorder that primarily causes symmetrical polyarthritis and bone deformity. In RA patients, sight-threatening inflammatory eye complications would be expected.Objective: The objective of the study is to ascertain the macular retinal vessel density changes in RA patients and controls using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and to investigate the association between disease and microvascular density alterations.Methods: A total of 12 RA patients (24 eyes) and 12 age- and gender-matched control participants (24 eyes) were recruited to the study. We used the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study partitioning, hemispheric quadrants and annular partitioning to segment each image into different subregions. The vascular density of superficial retina layer, deep retina layer and conjunctival capillary plexus was quantitatively measured by OCTA and compared with the control group. Correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between STMI and conjunctival capillaries densities.Results: In the superficial retinal layer, the vascular density of S, I, L, SL, SR, IL and C1-C5 were significantly decreased in the RA group compared with the control group (P&lt;0.05). For the deep retinal layer, the vascular density of S, SL, SR, IL, C1, C2 and C4 also decreased in RA group. A significant positive correlation was indicated between conjunctival vascular and STMI densities (r = 0.713, P&lt;0.05).Conclusion: OCTA results suggest that RA patients present with a reduced macular retinal vascular density. These subtle alterations of ocular microcirculation may precede severe eye involvements and may be a potential biomarker for early distinguishing abnormal eyes from healthy eyes.
Blending from binarity in microlensing searches toward the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Blaineau T. , Moniez M. 
Published: September 2023

Context. Studies of gravitational microlensing effects require the estimation of their detection efficiency as soon as one wants to quantify the massive compact objects along the line of sight of source targets. This is particularly important for setting limits on the contribution of massive compact objects to the Galactic halo. These estimates of detection efficiency must not only account for the blending effects of accidentally superimposed sources in crowded fields, but also for possible mixing of light from stars belonging to multiple gravitationally bound stellar systems.
Aims. Until now, only blending due to accidental alignment of stars had been studied, in particular as a result of high-resolution space images. In this paper, we address the impact of unresolved binary sources that are physically gravitationally bound and not accidentally aligned, in the case of microlensing detection efficiencies toward the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC).
Methods. We used the Gaia catalog of nearby stars to constrain the local binarity rate, which we extrapolated to the distance of the LMC. Then we estimated an upper limit to the impact of this binarity on the detection efficiency of microlensing effects, as a function of lens mass.
Results. We find that a maximum of 6.2% of microlensing events on LMC sources due to halo lenses heavier than 30 M⊙ could be affected as a result of the sources belonging to unresolved binary systems. This number is the maximum fraction of events for which the source is a binary system separated by about one angular Einstein radius or more in a configuration where light-curve distortion could affect the efficiency of some detection algorithms. For events caused by lighter lenses on LMC sources, our study shows that the chances of blending effects by binary systems is likely to be higher and should be studied in more detail to improve the accuracy of efficiency calculations.
First on-sky results of a Fabry–Perot Instrument for Oxygen Searches (FIOS) prototype
Authors: Rukdee S. , Ben-Ami S. , López-Morales M. , Szentgyorgyi A. , Charbonneau D. , García-Mejía J. , Buchner J. 
Published: September 2023

Context. The upcoming Extremely Large Telescopes (ELTs) are expected to have a sufficient collecting area required to detect potential biosignature gases such as molecular oxygen, O2, in the atmosphere of terrestrial planets around nearby stars.
Aims. One of the most promising detection methods is transmission spectroscopy. To maximize our capability to detect O2 using this method, spectral resolutions R ≥ 300 000 are required to fully resolve the absorption lines in an Earth-like exoplanet atmosphere and disentangle the signal from telluric lines.
Methods. Current high-resolution spectrographs typically achieve a spectral resolution of R ~ 100 000. Increasing the resolution in seeing limited observations and/or instruments requires drastically larger optical components, making these instruments even more expensive and hard to fabricate and assemble. Instead, we demonstrate a new approach to high-resolution spectroscopy. We implemented an ultra-high spectral resolution booster to be coupled to a high-resolution spectrograph. The instrument is based on a chained Fabry-Perot array which generates a hyperfine spectral profile.
Results. We present on-sky telluric observations with a lab demonstrator. Depending on the configuration, this two-arm prototype reaches a resolution of R = 250 000–350 000. After carefully modeling the prototype’s behavior, we propose a Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FPI) design for an eight-arm array configuration aimed at ELTs capable of exceeding R = 300 000.
Conclusions. The novel FPI resolution booster can be plugged in at the front end of an existing R = 100 000 spectrograph to overwrite the spectral profile with a higher resolution for exoplanet atmosphere studies.
A search for the afterglows, kilonovae, and host galaxies of two short GRBs: GRB 211106A and GRB 211227A
Authors: Ferro M. , Brivio R. , D’Avanzo P. , Rossi A. , Izzo L. , Campana S. , Christensen L. , Dinatolo M. , Hussein S. , Levan A. J. , Melandri A. , Bernardini M. G. , Covino S. , D’Elia V. , Della Valle M. , De Pasquale M. , Gompertz B. P. , Hartmann D. , Heintz K. E. , Jakobsson P. , Kouveliotou C. , Malesani D. B. , Martin-Carrillo A. , Nava L. , Nicuesa Guelbenzu A. , Pugliese G. , Salvaggio C. , Salvaterra R. , Savaglio S. , Sbarrato T. , Tanvir N. R. , Wijers R. A. M. J. , Zafar T. 
Published: September 2023

Context. GRB 211106A and GRB 211227A are two recent gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) whose initial X-ray position enabled us to possibly associate them with bright, low-redshift galaxies (z < 0.7). The prompt emission properties suggest that GRB 211106A is a genuine short-duration GRB and GRB 211227A is a short GRB with extended emission. Therefore, they are likely to be produced by a compact binary merger. However, a classification based solely on the prompt emission properties can be misleading.
Aims. The possibility of having two short GRBs occurring in the local Universe makes them ideal targets for the search of associated kilonova (KN) emission and for detailed studies of the host galaxy properties.
Methods. We carried out deep optical and near-infrared (NIR) follow-up with the ESO-VLT FORS2, HAWK-I, and MUSE instruments for GRB 211106A and with ESO-VLT FORS2 and X-shooter for GRB 211227A, starting from hours after the X-ray afterglow discovery up to days later. We performed photometric analysis to look for afterglow and KN emissions associated with the bursts, together with imaging and spectroscopic observations of the host galaxy candidates. We compared the results obtained from the optical/NIR observations with the available Swift X-Ray Telescope (XRT) and others high-energy data of both events.
Results. For both GRBs we placed deep limits to the optical/NIR afterglow and KN emission. We identified their associated host galaxies, GRB 211106A at a photometric redshift z = 0.64, GRB 211227A at a spectroscopic z = 0.228. From MUSE and X-shooter spectra we derived the host galaxy properties, which turned out to be consistent with short GRBs typical hosts. We also compared the properties of GRB 211106A and GRB 211227A with those of the short GRBs belonging to the S-BAT4 sample, here extended up to December 2021, in order to further investigate the nature of these two bursts.
Conclusions. Our study of the prompt and afterglow phase of the two GRBs, together with the analysis of their associated host galaxies, allows us to confirm the classification of GRB 211106A as a short GRB, and GRB 211227A as a short GRB with extended emission. The absence of an optical/NIR counterpart down to deep magnitude limits is likely due to high local extinction for GRB 211106A and a peculiarly faint kilonova for GRB 211227A.
Acoustic waveguide with a dissipative inclusion
Authors: Chesnel Lucas , Heleine Jérémy , Nazarov Sergei A. , Taskinen Jari 
Published: September 2023

We consider the propagation of acoustic waves in a waveguide containing a penetrable dissipative inclusion. We prove that as soon as the dissipation, characterized by some coefficient η, is non zero, the scattering solutions are uniquely defined. Additionally, we give an asymptotic expansion of the corresponding scattering matrix when η → 0+ (small dissipation) and when η → +∞ (large dissipation). Surprisingly, at the limit η → +∞, we show that no energy is absorbed by the inclusion. This is due to the so-called skin-effect phenomenon and can be explained by the fact that the field no longer penetrates into the highly dissipative inclusion. These results guarantee that in monomode regime, the amplitude of the reflection coefficient has a global minimum with respect to η. The situation where this minimum is zero, that is when the device acts as a perfect absorber, is particularly interesting for certain applications. However it does not happen in general. In this work, we show how to perturb the geometry of the waveguide to create 2D perfect absorbers in monomode regime. Asymptotic expansions are justified by error estimates and theoretical results are supported by numerical illustrations.
Balintarbeit als medizinische Gegenkultur
Authors: Muench John 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungEin wichtiges, aber wenig anerkanntes Kernelement der Arbeit von Michael Balint
betrifft die von ihm aufgeworfenen Fragen zur medizinischen Erkenntnistheorie.
Als er 1957 „The Doctor, His Patient and the Illness“
veröffentlichte, wurde die Medizin von Spezialisten und dem Bewertung
der technischen Biowissenschaften dominiert. Balints Arbeit zeigte, dass der
materialistische Empirismus in der Allgemeinärztlichen Praxis
unzureichend war. Er bot eine alternative Epistemologie an, die von
aristotelischer Phronesis (anstelle von Techne), abduktiver Inferenz (anstelle
von hypothetisch-deduktiver) und fallbasierter abwägender
Entscheidungsfindung (anstelle von regelbasierter Ableitung aus
Verallgemeinerungen) untermauert wurde. Balints Theorien, sowohl seine offene
Einführung der psychodynamischen Theorie in die medizinische Versorgung
als auch dieser eher verdeckte Hinweis auf eine alternative Epistemologie, waren
in der Mitte des Jahrhunderts ein wichtiger Teil der Reaktion auf die Dominanz
der technischen Biomedizin. Balintgruppen verdienen eine wichtige Rolle in der
medizinischen Ausbildung, weil sie eine der wenigen Möglichkeiten sind
sich sicher zu fühlen.
An Unusual Complication of Transarterial Radioembolization: Hepatic Artery Pseudoaneurysm and its Treatment with Ultrasound-guided Thrombin Injection
Authors: Arslan Muhammet , Aslan Halil Serdar , Sarılar Burak , Gültekin Aziz 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTransarterial radioembolization (TARE) is a widely used treatment method for primary liver cancers and metastasis. Although TARE is relatively safe, it may cause liver abscess, failure, nontarget embolization, and vascular complications. Herein, we report a case of TARE-related hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm that was treated successfully with ultrasound-guided thrombin injection.
Diagnostic Value of T1 Mapping in Detecting Iron Overload in Indian Patients with Thalassemia Major: A Comparison with T2* Mapping
Authors: Singh Surya Pratap , Jagia Priya , Ojha Vineeta , Seth Tulika , Naik Nitish , Ganga Kartik P. , Kumar Sanjeev 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose T2* is the gold standard for iron quantification in liver as well as myocardium. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of myocardial T1 mapping for the assessment of myocardial iron overload (MIO) as compared to the T2* mapping in patients with thalassemia major (TM).
Methods Consecutive TM patients attending the thalassemia clinic were prospectively enrolled. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on a 1.5 T scanner (Siemens Healthineers, Germany) using a gradient echo T2* as well as a T1 mapping (MOLLI) sequence done at a mid-ventricular short-axis single 8 mm slice of the left ventricle. Values were analyzed by manually drawing a region of interest in the mid-septum. T2*less than 20ms was used as the cutoff for significant MIO.
Results One-hundred three patients (58 males, mean age: 17 ± 7.8 years, mean ferritin: 2009.5 µg/L) underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Median T2* of myocardium was 33.45ms. Nineteen patients (18.4%) had T2*less than 20ms. T1 value was low (<850ms) in all the patients with T2* less than 20 ms. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed the best cutoff of native T1 mapping value as 850 ms which had high specificity (95.2%), sensitivity (94.2%) and negative predictive value (98.8%) for T2* less than 20ms. There was excellent agreement between T1 and T2* for diagnosis of MIO (Kappa—0.848, p <0.001). We did not find any patient who had normal T1 mapping values but had MIO on T2*.
Conclusion T1 and T2* correlate well and normal T1 values may rule out presence of MIO. T1 mapping can act as additional imaging marker for MIO and may be helpful in centers with nonavailability or limited experience of T2*.
Dorsal Wrist Carpal Boss Impingement—Dynamic Ultrasound to the Rescue!
Authors: Agarwal Aakanksha , Murray Timothy E. , Cresswell Mark , Chandra Abhishek 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe “carpal boss” is a variant present in 19% of the population according to cadaveric studies but becomes symptomatic in only 1% of cases. With the rising popularity of “yoga,” which includes prolonged hyperextension at the wrist joint with weight bearing, an increasing number of individuals with silent carpal boss present with dorsal wrist pain due to impingement over the dorsal soft tissues by this innocuous bony protuberance. This warrants the attention of radiologists and clinicians while dealing with wrist pain. It can be challenging to identify this bossing on routine radiographs, necessitating special views. We describe the use of dynamic ultrasound in diagnosing “symptomatic” carpal boss, the effects of which become even more evident on imaging during hyperextension—the triggering movement.
Management of Post Radiotherapy Radionecrotic Ulcer in Carcinoma Breast Patients Using Tram Flap
Authors: Biswas Gautam 
Published: September 2023

SummaryRadiation as a modality of management in malignancy, especially for carcinoma of breast is well established. However, the deleterious effect of radiation on normal tissue, is still witnessed. Four patients of advanced breast malignancy, who underwent radical mastectomy followed by adjuvant radiotherapy presented with radiation ulcers of the chest, between 1993-1994. Soft tissue break down over the irradiated site occurred as late as two to three years following irradiation. All patients were tumour negative.Excision of involved irradiated tissue was followed by reconstruction using the pedicled Transverse Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous Flap (TRAM). This fulfilled the twin goals of well vascularized flap coverage and restoration of form in a single stage.