bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of predictive model for the fixed-bed column reactor
Authors: Singh Jyoti , Kumaresan Santhosh Kumar , Swaroop Sarvanshi , Mishra Vishal 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe present study aims at development of a mathematical model for the fixed-bed column adsorption that relates the reactor parameters with the breakthrough curve. Effects of operating parameters like bed height, flow rate, initial adsorbate concentration on the adsorption were investigated by using various breakthrough curves. The arbitrary constants of the developed model were found to be dependent on the operating parameters of the breakthrough kinetics. The proposed model showed incredible results (Breakthrough Curve R2 > 0.98) for the referenced data. The flexibility of this model can be seen from the fact that the coefficients of parameters in the Arbitrary Constants Relation for the adsorbate–adsorbent pair are required to be determined only once and can be used repeatedly considering no change in any external factors affecting the working of the adsorbent. As the general adsorption curve follows a typical sigmoid curve, once the Arbitrary Constants Relations are known, the reactor can be optimized by selecting the accurate values of the reactor parameter leading to a slower Ct/Co growth with respect to time. The information about the saturation limit of adsorbent can be used to predict attainment of the saturation limit. The proposed model will reduce the significant number of complicated experiments required to optimize the reactor. The model can also determine the time after which effluent concentration becomes 63.21% of the influent adsorbate concentration without any experimentation by using the Arbitrary Constants Relation, which is of great industrial importance.
Nanocomposite of copper oxide nanoparticles and multi-walled carbon nanotubes as a solid contact of a copper-sensitive ion-selective electrode: intermediate layer or membrane component–comparative studies
Authors: Wardak Cecylia , Pietrzak Karolina , Morawska Klaudia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper, ion-selective electrodes sensitive to copper(II) ions are presented, in which new composite, synthesized from copper(II) oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), was used as a solid contact. For comparison, electrodes obtained using separate components of the nanocomposite, i.e., CuONPs and MWCNTs, as well as unmodified electrodes, were also studied. The tested nanomaterials have been applied in two ways: as an intermediate layer placed between the ion-sensitive membrane and the internal electrode, and as an additional component of the ion-selective membrane mixture. To investigate the influence of the electrode’s structure modification, the selected analytical parameters obtained by potentiometric measurements (slope, linearity range, detection limit, potential stability, and reversibility) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements (membrane resistance and charge transfer resistance as well as double layer capacitance) were determined and compared. It was found that the use of all nanomaterials improves the properties of the electrodes, with the effect being the strongest for electrodes modified with the CuO-MWCNTs nanocomposite. The nanocomposite-based electrodes, both those with an intermediate layer and those with a nanocomposite-modified membrane, showed a Nernstian slope of the characteristic, a wider working range and a lower detection limit compared to unmodified electrodes. Moreover, application of all nanomaterials, especially nanocomposite resulted in improvement of both, stability and reversibility of the sensor potential. Modification of the electrodes did not make them sensitive to changing external measurement conditions (lighting, presence of gasses, redox potential). The electrode with the best parameters (based on nanocomposite) was successfully used to determine the Cu2+ ions content in tap water and mineral water, obtaining satisfactory results.
Detection of pre-existing neutralizing antibodies against Ad26 in HIV-1-infected individuals not responding to the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine
Authors: Schmidt Katja G. , Harrer Ellen G. , Schönau Verena , Simon David , Kleyer Arnd , Steininger Philipp , Korn Klaus , Schett Georg , Knobloch Carina S. , Nganou-Makamdop Krystelle , Harrer Thomas 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The Ad26.COV2.S vaccine is a replication-incompetent human adenovirus type 26 vector encoding the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. In a phase 1-2a trial, a single dose of Ad26.COV2.S induced SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific antibodies in ≥ 96% of healthy adults. To investigate vaccine immunogenicity in HIV-1-infection, we measured SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific antibodies in Ad26.COV2.S vaccinated HIV-1-infected patients and analyzed the presence of pre-existing Ad26 neutralizing antibodies.

Methods
We included all Ad26.COV2.S vaccinated HIV-1-infected patients of Erlangen HIV cohort fulfilling all inclusion criteria. The study cohort consisted of 15 HIV-1-infected patients and three HIV-1-uninfected subjects who received the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine between April and November 2021. Pre-vaccination sera were collected between October 2014 and June 2021, post-vaccination sera between June and December 2021. Neutralizing antibodies towards Ad26 were determined by a FACS-based inhibition assay measuring the expression of SARS-CoV-2 spike and adenoviral proteins in HEK293T cells after in-vitro transduction with Ad26.COV2.S or the control ChAdOx1-S.

Results
Six out of 15 HIV-1-infected patients failed to develop SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies and four patients developed weak antibody responses after vaccination with Ad26.COV2.S. Pre-vaccination sera of four of the six vaccine non-responders showed neutralizing activity towards Ad26.COV2.S but not toward the ChAdOx1-S vaccine at 1:50 dilution. After Ad26.COV2.S vaccination, 17 of the 18 subjects developed strong Ad26-neutralizing activity and only one of the 18 subjects showed neutralizing activity towards the ChAdOx1-S vaccine.

Conclusion
Ad26.COV2.S vaccination showed a high failure rate in HIV-1-infected patients. Pre-existing immunity against Ad26 could be an important contributor to poor vaccine efficacy in a subgroup of patients.
Evidenzbasierte Schulentwicklung als mehrdimensionale Spannungsbearbeitung. Ein übergeordneter Erklärungsansatz für anhaltende Wirksamkeitsprobleme
Authors: Kallenbach Lea 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungAusgehend von erheblichen Wirksamkeitsproblemen und ausbleibenden Optionen einer nachhaltigen Wirksamkeitssteigerung präsentiert dieser Beitrag eine dreifache Perspektiverweiterung auf evidenzbasierte Schulentwicklung: In theoretischer Hinsicht (1) wird evidenzbasierte Schulentwicklung auf der Grundlage von Hartmut Rosas Weltbeziehungssoziologie als Beziehungsgeschehen zwischen Einzelschulen und Bildungspolitik und -administration begriffen. Methodologisch (2) wird ein neuer Zugang zu Weltbeziehungen auf der Basis der Dokumentarischen Methode entwickelt. Auf dieser Grundlage kann eine Perspektiverweiterung in empirischer Hinsicht (3) durch eine eigene rekonstruktive Studie realisiert werden. Eine Theoretisierung der empirischen Rekonstruktionen verdeutlicht, dass evidenzbasierte Schulentwicklungspraxis eine mehrdimensionale und damit komplexe Spannungsbearbeitung für Akteur*innen der Einzelschulen darstellt. Hieraus ergibt sich ein gänzlich neuer, den bislang vorliegenden Befunden übergeordneter Erklärungsansatz für die anhaltenden Wirksamkeitsprobleme evidenzbasierter Steuerung.
Green Consumerism and Firms’ Environmental Behaviour Under Monopolistic Competition: A Two-Sector Model
Authors: Giallonardo Luisa , Mulino Marcella 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe investigate the pro-environmental behavior of green firms in a context where consumers value the goods’ eco-quality features. We present a two-sector monopolistic competition model with green and brown goods displaying both horizontal and vertical differentiation. Using analytical and quantitative techniques, we derive the optimal eco-quality level selected by green firms and the industry structure both in the short- and long-run equilibrium. We then study the effectiveness of three policy tools (green incentives, the imposition of a minimum quality standard, and green awareness campaigns) with respect to the policymaker’s objective of increasing the overall level of greenness, which we measure through a specific indicator. We find that each policy alone is apt to stimulate an increase in the greenness intensity compared to the unregulated equilibrium. Yet, their side effects in terms of market structure and the possibility that the intensity of application of a single tool may hit budgetary, political, or social limits call for a combination of two or more policies to overcome the above limits and get a higher overall level of greenness than that resulting from just one of them.
Searches for continuous-wave gravitational radiation
Authors: Riles Keith 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNow that detection of gravitational-wave signals from the coalescence of extra-galactic compact binary star mergers has become nearly routine, it is intriguing to consider other potential gravitational-wave signatures. Here we examine the prospects for discovery of continuous gravitational waves from fast-spinning neutron stars in our own galaxy and from more exotic sources. Potential continuous-wave sources are reviewed, search methodologies and results presented and prospects for imminent discovery discussed.
Infections and antimicrobial prescribing in patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the first pandemic wave
Authors: Chan Lynn , Gupta Simran , Sacco Alicia J. , Kasule Sabirah N. , Chaffin Hally , Feller Fionna F. , Mi Lanyu , Lim Elisabeth S. , Seville Maria Teresa 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective:
To evaluate the rate of coinfections and secondary infections seen in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and antimicrobial prescribing patterns.

Methods:
This single-center, retrospective study included all patients aged ≥18 years admitted with COVID-19 for at least 24 hours to a 280-bed, academic, tertiary-care hospital between March 1, 2020, and August 31, 2020. Coinfections, secondary infections, and antimicrobials prescribed for these patients were collected.

Results:
In total, 331 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 were evaluated. No additional cases were identified in 281 (84.9%) patients, whereas 50 (15.1%) had at least 1 infection. In total, of 50 patients (15.1%) who were diagnosed with coinfection or secondary infection had bacteremia, pneumonia, and/or urinary tract infections. Patients who had positive cultures, who were admitted to the ICU, who required supplemental oxygen, or who were transferred from another hospital for higher level of care were more likely to have infections. The most commonly used antimicrobials were azithromycin (75.2%) and ceftriaxone (64.9%). Antimicrobials were prescribed appropriately for 55% of patients.

Conclusions:
Coinfection and secondary infections are common in patients who are critically ill with COVID-19 at hospital admission. Clinicians should consider starting antimicrobial therapy in critically ill patients while limiting antimicrobial use in patients who are not critically ill.
Beyond implementation: Uncovering the parallels between de-implementation and antimicrobial stewardship
Authors: Advani Sonali D. , McKay Virginia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDe-implementation is defined as the process of discontinuing, removing, reducing, or replacing a harmful, ineffective, or low-value clinical practice or intervention. The goal of de-implementation strategies is to minimize patient harm, maximize use of resources, and reduce healthcare costs and inequities. Both antibiotic and diagnostic stewardship programs focus on reducing low-value interventions (tests or antimicrobials). Stewardship interventions commonly involve de-implementation and deprescribing strategies. This commentary explores unique aspects of deimplementing low-value testing and unnecessary antimicrobial use, similarities between de-implementation and stewardship approaches, multilevel factors that impact de-implementation, and opportunities for future research.
Immigration, job vacancies, and Beveridge Curve: Evidence from Syrian refugees in Turkey
Authors: Begen Nazire , Mercan Murat A. , Barlin Hande 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of the massive and unexpected influx of Syrian refugees on the job vacancy rates (JVRs) and job-finding rates (JFRs) in Turkey between 2009–2015 and 2009–2018. We employed the instrumental variable approach to address potential endogeneity issues. While we found no significant causal impact of the Syrian refugees on JVR, they decreased JFR between 2009 and 2018. A reduction in JFR indicates that the Beveridge Curve shifted inwards, thereby raising matching efficiency and facilitating an improvement in labour market conditions. Furthermore, our research indicated differences in coefficients and significance in JVR and JFR across occupations, as well as different effects in these areas between the short and long term. However, the results demonstrate that the rapid and unexpected influx of Syrian refugees alleviated JVR and JFR in most of the occupation groups.
Segregated mobility patterns amplify neighborhood disparities in the spread of COVID-19
Authors: Gyorgy Andras , Marlow Thomas , Abrahao Bruno , Makovi Kinga 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe global and uneven spread of COVID-19, mirrored at the local scale, reveals stark differences along racial and ethnic lines. We respond to the pressing need to understand these divergent outcomes via neighborhood level analysis of mobility and case count information. Using data from Chicago over 2020, we leverage a metapopulation Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Removed model to reconstruct and simulate the spread of SARS-CoV-2 at the ZIP Code level. We demonstrate that exposures are mostly contained within one’s own ZIP Code and demographic group. Building on this observation, we illustrate that we can understand epidemic progression using a composite metric combining the volume of mobility and the risk that each trip represents, while separately these factors fail to explain the observed heterogeneity in neighborhood level outcomes. Having established this result, we next uncover how group level differences in these factors give rise to disparities in case rates along racial and ethnic lines. Following this, we ask what-if questions to quantify how segregation impacts COVID-19 case rates via altering mobility patterns. We find that segregation in the mobility network has contributed to inequality in case rates across demographic groups.
Fitting and evaluating univariate and multivariate models of within-lineage evolution
Authors: Voje Kjetil Lysne 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe nature of phenotypic evolution within lineages is central to many unresolved questions in paleontology and evolutionary biology. Analyses of evolutionary time series of ancestor–descendant populations in the fossil record are likely to make important contributions to many of these debates. However, the limited number of models that have been applied to these types of data may restrict our ability to interpret phenotypic evolution in the fossil record. Using uni- and multivariate models of trait evolution that make different assumptions regarding the dynamics of the adaptive landscape, I evaluate contrasting hypotheses to explain evolution of size in the radiolarianEucyrtidium calvertenseand armor in the sticklebackGasterosteus doryssus. Body-size evolution inE. calvertenseis best explained by a model in which the lineage evolves as a consequence of a shift in the adaptive landscape that coincides with the initiation of neosympatry with its sister lineage. Multivariate evolution of armor traits in a stickleback lineage (G. doryssus) shows evidence of adaptation toward independent optima on the adaptive landscape at the same time as traits change in a correlated fashion. The fitted models are available in the R package evoTS, which builds on the paleoTS framework.
Antisemitic Attitudes among Young Black and Hispanic Americans
Authors: Hersh Eitan , Royden Laura 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPrior research has shown that racial minority groups are more likely than Whites to hold negative views of Jews. We discuss several theories that may explain this phenomenon, including group competition, anti-White attitudes manifesting as antisemitism, spillover from anti-Israel attitudes, and more. Some theories, especially those developed in the mid-20th century, may be less applicable today, particularly to young adults. Through an original survey of 3,500 Americans, including an oversample of 18–30 year olds, we discover that antisemitic views remain far more common among minorities than Whites, especially among young people. However, the racial differences do not seem to be explained by common theories cited and explored in prior literature. But with Black and Hispanic Americans agreeing with antisemitic statements at similar levels as White alt-right identifiers in our sample, our findings call for renewed interest in the topic of race and antisemitism.
Mechanical Harvesting, Globalization, and the Fate of Citrus Farmworkers in Florida and São Paulo, 1965–1985
Authors: Orr Terrell James 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper explores an obsolescence of labor that did not take place. In the 1960s, Florida's citrus growers appeared poised to accompany farmers across the South in pursuing a strategy of agricultural modernization that would mechanize their harvesting labor, rendering obsolete the thirty thousand Black and white farmworkers who harvested the orange crop. Their efforts were coordinated by the Florida Citrus Commission's Harvesting Research and Development Committee (HRDC), a rotating group of growers, trade association representatives, researchers, and engineers, who were confident that mechanization was within their grasp. But two decades later, every Florida orange was harvested by hand and HRDC's funding had been gutted. Why did growers think that mechanizing harvesting labor was both necessary and imminent? And then why, within only two decades, did they make such an about-face, largely abandoning the project of mechanization? The answer, I argue, lies in the particularities of the citrus industry's experience of globalization. At the level of capital, Florida's growers were caught flat-footed by competition from the nascent citrus industry of the State of São Paulo, Brazil; and at the level of labor, immigrants from Mexico, Guatemala, and Haiti swelled the ranks of available workers. The narrative moves between Florida and São Paulo, examining the efforts of growers to control, monitor, and replace farmworkers, and farmworkers’ response, with the efforts and commentary of the HRDC providing the unifying thread. The argument is shown to bear on (1) the historiography of the South's agricultural modernization and (2) the historiography of the South's globalization (the “Nuevo South”), showing that it is necessary to join these two rarely connected historiographies to understand Florida's citrus industry, whose mechanization efforts spanned the 1960s histories of agricultural modernization and the 1980s histories of globalization.
Troubles in Mars Ionosphere Modeling
Authors: Withers Paul 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft has acquired comprehensive measurements of the properties that determine the density and composition of the ionosphere of Mars, namely solar irradiance, thermospheric density and composition, and electron temperature. Ionospheric models that use these measured properties as inputs ought, in principle, to accurately reproduce corresponding MAVEN measurements of ionospheric density and composition. Here we test whether or not several Mars ionosphere models do so. We focus on the optically thin portion of the photochemical equilibrium region of the dayside ionosphere, 160–200 km altitude, where ionospheric modeling is most straight‐forward. The predictions of Fox et al. (2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2020.114186) clearly delivered better model‐data agreement than the other models considered herein, although the model of Mayyasi et al. (2019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019ja026481) also performed well. For the other models assessed herein, model‐data discrepancies in ion densities of at least a factor of two were present in at least one major ion species.
Linking Dissolved Organic Matter to CO2 and CH4 Concentrations in Canadian and Chilean Peatland Pools
Authors: Hassan Mahmud , Talbot Julie , Arsenault Julien , Martinez‐Cruz Karla , Sepulveda‐Jauregui Armando , Hoyos‐Santillan Jorge , Lapierre Jean‐François 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPeatland open‐water pools can be net carbon (C) emitters within heterogeneous peatland ecosystems that are generally net C sinks. However, the intra‐ and inter‐regional patterns and drivers of CO2 and CH4 production, as well as their link with dissolved organic matter (DOM) quality and quantity, remain poorly understood. We analyzed a range of optical characteristics and chemical variables controlling DOM and CO2 and CH4 concentrations in peatland pools across two regions with contrasting geographical properties (i.e., climate, topography, morphometry, and vegetation cover) of eastern Canada and Chilean Patagonia. We found inter‐regional patterns in CO2, CH4 and DOM concentrations and composition that were coherent with patterns in mean annual temperature and precipitation, and vegetation cover. Cross‐regional patterns of CO2 and CH4 were driven by morphometry, vegetation cover, and protein‐like DOM composition, a proxy of high biological activity, whereas temporal variations of CO2 and CH4 concentrations were further influenced by seasonal changes in humic‐like DOM composition, dissolved organic carbon and nutrients (i.e., total phosphorus and total nitrogen) concentrations, as well as pH and oxygen levels. Our results suggest that geophysical constraints associated with local peat and pool characteristics as well as climate patterns are major drivers of DOM and greenhouse gases concentrations and the links between them in broadly distributed peatland pools.
Heat Waves Can Cause Hypoxia in Shallow Lakes
Authors: Shinohara Ryuichiro , Matsuzaki Shin‐Ichiro S. , Watanabe Mirai , Nakagawa Megumi , Yoshida Hajime , Kohzu Ayato 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe assessed how warm air temperatures, high solar radiation, and weak wind speeds might induce hypoxia in a shallow lake during a heat wave. We simulated bottom‐water dissolved oxygen concentrations and compared concentrations in 2022 with the average for the previous 30 years. We found that hypoxia was most sensitive to wind speeds. When the wind speed was low, convection was insufficient to prevent hypoxia, but there was no hypoxia if the wind speed equaled the average speed during the previous 30 years. However, if solar radiation and air temperatures equaled the respective averages during the previous 30 years, hypoxia did not occur, even if wind speeds were low. We conclude that the combined effects of weak winds and either high solar radiation or air temperatures induced hypoxia during the heat wave of 2022.
Shining a Spotlight on Our 2022 Reviewers for JGR: Biogeosciences
Authors: Huntzinger Deborah , Bond‐Lamberty Ben , Desai Ankur R. , Xenopoulos Marguerite A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe editorial team at JGR: Biogeosciences would like to extend thanks to the 2022 reviewers who offered their time and expertise to help make decisions and improve our papers.