bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the Psychometric Network Structure of Social Anxiety: A Scoping Review
Authors: Noda Shota , Nishiuchi Motohiro , Andreoli Giovanbattista , Hofmann Stefan G. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe network approach offers a novel perspective for conceptualizing the psychopathology of social anxiety disorder (SAD). This scoping review aimed to map the existing literature on the psychometric network structures of social anxiety symptoms and identify future research directions. A total of 61 studies were identified through searches in PubMed, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov and the Open Science Framework databases, employing the keywords (‘social anxiety disorder’ OR ‘social phobia’ OR ‘social anxiety’) AND (‘network analysis’). Of these, 10 studies examined the network structures of social anxiety symptoms in patients with SAD, 17 investigated such structures in individuals without an SAD diagnosis and 34 explored networks of other symptoms that included social anxiety symptoms. Most studies were conducted on Western and Chinese populations, underscoring the need for broader cross‐cultural comparisons. The central symptoms in SAD networks were fear and anxiety related to performing and interacting with groups, engaging with strangers or unfamiliar individuals, participating in events and being the center of attention. However, the network structures of SAD and related symptoms remain underexplored, with existing studies offering only partial insights. This review emphasizes the need for future research to comprehensively assess social anxiety symptoms and adopt cross‐cultural comparative designs to deepen the understanding of SAD psychopathology. These findings provide a foundation for future research on SAD utilizing network analysis.
Economic Policy Uncertainty and Ecological Performance of European Companies: Does the Role of the Board Matter?
Authors: Ayadi Imen , Hussain Nazim , Mwambuli Erick 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTEuropean companies face a pressing challenge: reconciling the growing demands for environmental sustainability with increased economic uncertainty stemming from the COVID‐19 crisis and geopolitical tensions. This study investigates the impact of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) on the ecological performance of publicly traded European companies, considering environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors. Additionally, we explore the moderating role of the board of directors (BoD) in this complex relationship. Employing a system generalized method of moments (GMM) regression analysis on a sample of 1738 firms across 22 European countries during the period 2017–2023, our study reveals a negative effect of EPU on ecological performance, with the BoD acting as a crucial moderator. Companies with independent, diverse, and experienced BoD in ESG matters exhibit greater resilience to economic uncertainty. This research contributes both theoretically and practically to understanding firms' environmental decision‐making during uncertain times, providing valuable recommendations for executives, and informing policymakers in sustainable policy formulation.
Synergistic Effects of Fluorinated Li‐Based Metal‐Organic Framework Filler on Matrix Polarity and Anion Immobilization in Quasi‐Solid State Electrolyte for Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Yoon Yeowon , Woo Han Seung , Whan Shin Moo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPoly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) based electrolyte is a promising alternative to liquid electrolytes in lithium metal batteries. However, its commercial application is limited by high crystallinity and low Li+ ion conductivity. In this study, we synthesized a fluorinated Li‐based metal‐organic framework (Li‐MOF−F) and used it as a filler to address these limitations. The strategy for the Li‐MOF−F filler stands out in two main aspects: framework structure for rapid Li+ ion transport and F‐functional group with electronegativity. The LiO4 with π‐π conjugated dicarboxylate enables the reversible Li intercalation in the lattice structure. The fluorine atoms with electronegativity transform the polymer matrix from non‐polar to polar phase and immobilize TFSI− anions by electrostatic interaction. As a result, the PVDF‐HFP electrolyte with Li‐MOF−F (LMF‐PE) achieves the highest polarity and Li transference number. In Li/Li symmetric cell tests, LMF‐PE demonstrates stable Li plating/stripping behavior without dendrites. Additionally, we applied lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NCM) with 94 % Ni content as a cathode material in cell test. LMF‐PE cell delivers a high initial discharge capacity of 226.9 mAh g−1 and 80 % capacity retention after 150 cycles, highlighting its superior cycling performance. These enhancements are attributed to the structural and electrostatic benefits of Li‐MOF−F.
Efficient Soft‐Switching Snubber Cell Design for PWM DC‐DC Boost Converters: Enhanced Load‐Independent Performance
Authors: Sahin Yakup , Ting Naim Suleyman 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSoft‐switching (SS) boost converters are extensively utilized in applications such as renewable energy systems, electric vehicles, and high‐efficiency power supplies, as they offer reduced switching losses and enhanced overall efficiency. Zero‐voltage transition (ZVT) snubber cells that used SS operation perform poorly in zero‐voltage switching (ZVS) turn‐off at light load, although they perform well at heavy load. This study proposes a novel SS snubber cell for the PWM‐DC boost converter, ensuring excellent ZVS turn‐off performance under all load conditions. The main switch is turned off with ZVS at heavy and light load, so the turn‐off performance is independent of the load conditions. In addition, the main switch is switched on with ZVT, and the main diode is switched with SS. The main and auxiliary semiconductor components do not expose additional voltage. In addition, the semiconductor switches are switched on with zero‐current switching (ZCS) and switched off with ZVS, whereas the auxiliary diode is switched with SS. The theoretical analysis of the converter is presented, and an experimental study is conducted to demonstrate the analysis. The proposed converter is operated with an output power of 500 W and a switching frequency of 100 kHz.
Plant species, inundation, and sediment grain size control the development of sediment stability in tidal marshes
Authors: Stoorvogel Marte M. , de Smit Jaco C. , Wiesebron Lauren E. , van Belzen Jim , van de Koppel Johan , Temmerman Stijn , Bouma Tjeerd J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTidal marshes can contribute to nature‐based shoreline protection by reducing the wave load onto the shore and reducing the erosion of the sediment bed. To implement such nature‐based shoreline erosion protection requires the ability to quickly restore or create highly stable and erosion‐resistant tidal marshes at places where they currently do not yet occur. Therefore, we aim to identify the drivers controlling the rate by which sediment stability builds up in young pioneer marshes. Sediment stability proxies were measured over age gradients spanning 18 years in six tidal marsh sites in the Western Scheldt estuary (SW Netherlands): Three were dominated by Spartina anglica, a densely growing pioneer species, and three by Scirpus maritimus, a less densely growing pioneer species. Our results showed that the presence of densely growing Spartina anglica increased sediment shear strength compared to the unvegetated tidal flat, while less densely growing Scirpus maritimus did not. This difference may be related to the contrasting clonal expansion strategies and related root densities of these two pioneer species. Sediment stability did not increase further beyond 6 years of coverage by Spartina anglica, implying that the observed effect of Spartina anglica on sediment stability occurs fast (<6 years). Furthermore, sediment stability often increased with decreasing inundation duration and sediment water content. This study shows that in order to create erosion‐resistant sediment beds in future marsh restoration projects, the aim should be to create densely vegetated tidal marshes with well‐draining, cohesive sediments at relatively high intertidal elevation. Although the development of erosion resistance takes time, our study demonstrates that in the case of densely growing Spartina anglica marshes, increased sediment bed stability can already be reached after 6 years. The ability of Spartina anglica marshes to increase sediment bed stability within 6 years, in combination with wave attenuation and sediment accretion, offers promising perspectives to implement marsh restoration projects as a nature‐based shoreline protection strategy that can start to deliver its protective service within a reasonable amount of time.
Unfriendly neighbors: When facilitation does not contribute to restoration success in tidal marsh
Authors: Tanner Karen E. , Parker Ingrid M. , Fountain Monique C. , Thomsen Alexandra S. , Wasson Kerstin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractLarge‐scale restoration projects are an exciting and often untapped opportunity to use an experimental approach to inform ecosystem management and test ecological theory. In our $10M tidal marsh restoration project, we installed over 17,000 high marsh plants to increase cover and diversity, using these plantings in a large‐scale experiment to test the benefits of clustering and soil amendments across a stress gradient. Clustered plantings have the potential to outperform widely spaced ones if plants alter conditions in ways that decrease stress for close neighbors. Here, we test whether intraspecific facilitation improves restoration outcomes using a suite of seven high marsh species native to central California salt marshes. We also applied a biochar treatment to test whether soil amendment boosts restoration success. We compared the performance of clustered and uniform plantings across the high marsh elevation gradient for 3 years. There was a strong effect of elevation on plant performance and clear signs of plant stress related to soil conditions. Clustering slightly improved the survival of one species out of seven, although clustering did not benefit that species in a follow‐up experiment under more stressful conditions. By contrast, clustering had strong negative effects on the growth and/or cover of all species tested. The stressors in this system—likely related to compaction and soil salinity—were not mitigated by neighbors or biochar. The prevailing negative effect on seven species from distinct evolutionary lineages lends strong generality to our findings. We therefore conclude that for this and similar high marsh systems, intraspecific facilitation confers no benefits and practitioners should space plants widely to minimize competition. To take full advantage of the learning opportunities provided by large‐scale restoration projects, we recommend including experimental treatments and monitoring the response of multiple species across years to refine best practices and inform adaptive management.
Measurement Invariance on the Nine‐Item Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Screen (NIAS) by Age and Reporter Status: Comparing ARFID Symptoms Among Self‐Reporting Adults and Adolescents and Parent Reports of Children and Adolescents
Authors: Barnhart Wesley R. , Hog Liv , Zickar Michael J. , Baker Jessica H. , Dinkler Lisa , Guintivano Jerry , Johnson Jessica S. , MacDermod Casey , Munn‐Chernoff Melissa , Micali Nadia , Ortiz Shelby , Pisetsky Emily M. , White Jennifer P. , Bulik Cynthia M. , Thornton Laura M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveSelf‐report measures of ARFID symptoms (e.g., Nine‐Item Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Screen [NIAS]) are used to assess symptom differences between groups. Measurement invariance techniques clarify if groups interpret a measure similarly, providing a foundation for examining group differences. Considering age and reporter status (e.g., parent vs. self‐report), we investigated measurement invariance of the NIAS in (1) self‐reporting adults vs. adolescents; (2) parent reports on children vs. adolescents; and (3) parent reports on adolescents vs. adolescent self‐report. If measurement invariance was supported, we examined symptom differences.MethodsData were from the ARFID Genes and Environment (ARFID‐GEN) project.ResultsSelf‐reporting adults vs. adolescents and parent reports of adolescents vs. adolescent self‐report interpreted the NIAS similarly (measurement invariance was supported). Measurement invariance was not supported in parent reports on children vs. adolescents. Self‐reporting adults reported higher appetite scores (i.e., lower appetite) than self‐reporting adolescents at the subscale and item level on the NIAS. Although no subscales differences were identified between parent reports on adolescents and adolescent self‐reports, parents reported more picky eating and lower appetite in adolescents than self‐reporting adolescents at the item level on the NIAS.DiscussionFindings support using the NIAS to measure symptom differences in self‐reporting adults vs. adolescents and in parent reports of adolescents vs. adolescent self‐reports. Findings may be leveraged by researchers interested in maturational effects of ARFID symptoms in adolescents and adults via self‐reports on the NIAS and clinicians interested in tracking the convergence of parent and adolescent NIAS reports while undergoing treatment for ARFID.
Targeting Terrestrial Vertebrates With eDNA: Trends, Perspectives, and Considerations for Sampling
Authors: Newton Joshua P. , Allentoft Morten E. , Bateman Philip W. , van der Heyde Mieke , Nevill Paul 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTerrestrial vertebrates are experiencing worldwide population declines and species extinctions. To effectively conserve remaining populations and species, rapid, cost‐effective, and scalable methods are needed to complement longstanding monitoring methods. Increasingly, environmental DNA (eDNA)‐based approaches are being used for terrestrial vertebrate biomonitoring within a range of environments. However, as we move eDNA biomonitoring onto land, we are presented with a new set of challenges. This necessitates the development of “best‐practice” eDNA sample collection guidelines for terrestrial systems with the purpose of detecting terrestrial vertebrates. To address these needs, we conducted a systematic literature review of 143 peer‐reviewed papers applying eDNA to terrestrial vertebrate monitoring (excluding Lissamphibia) that were published between 2012 and 2023. We summarize the use of eDNA for terrestrial vertebrate biomonitoring, focusing on study design and field techniques. Over the decade we observe a steady growth in the annual number of publications, with 3 in 2012 and 33 in 2023. The majority of the reviewed studies targeted terrestrial mammals within temperate forest regions. While an equal number of studies focused on a metabarcoding approach to assess community taxon composition and/or species‐specific eDNA detection methods, novel uses are increasingly published. These include studies of animal behavior and population genetics. We record three types of sampling strategies, eight different substrate types, and seven different preservation methods, suggesting that there is no “one size fits all” eDNA‐based sampling methodology when detecting terrestrial vertebrates. With a multitude of study aims, across different environments, and target organisms with different ecologies, the standardization of eDNA sampling approaches in terrestrial systems is extremely challenging. We summarize in a table known factors influencing eDNA detection within terrestrial environments. Furthermore, we identify five key considerations to be addressed when sampling for eDNA studies targeting terrestrial vertebrate species, with the aim of guiding decision making.
Polyporus umbellatus, A Precious Rare Fungus With Good Pharmaceutical and Food Value
Authors: Ren Sizhu , Liu Hua , Sang Qing , Sun Yifan , Li Liyan , Chen Wenjie 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPolyporus umbellatus is a rare porous fungus that exhibits notable pharmacological activities. Particularly, due to its diuretic properties, it is considered an important source of targeted drugs for the treatment of kidney disease. Extensive research has been conducted on this fungus, focusing not only on its challenging cultivation techniques but also on its diverse array of medicinal ingredients, including polysaccharides and steroids. These active compounds demonstrate considerable variability and exhibit a wide range of medicinal properties. As a result, extracting, separating, and purifying these active compounds has become a subject of interest. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the types, structures, and physicochemical properties of these active compounds. Additionally, the medicinal effects of P. umbellatus are thoroughly examined, offering valuable insights into the utilization of its resources and the rational development of medical fungi.
From waste to resource: A life cycle assessment of biochar from agricultural residue
Authors: Patel Kulvendra , Vashist Mallika , Goyal Deepali , Sarma Riki , Garg Rachna , Singh S. K. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn recent years, biochar has emerged as a versatile product. Producing biochar from agricultural residue is an environmentally friendly alternative to in‐situ burning, reducing the requirement for chemical fertilizers. This study presents a comprehensive assessment of the environmental impact of biochar production. Four feedstocks are compared – rice straw, palm shell, corn stover, and mixed crop residue. The cradle‐to‐gate system boundary comprises all stages of biochar production – feedstock acquisition, transport and pre‐treatment, and biochar production. Results show that the main hotspots are emissions and electricity consumption during production. The palm shell had the highest impact on human health (4.889 kg PM2.5 eq) and ecosystem quality due to high terrestrial and aquatic acidification potential (159.600 kg SO2 eq). Mixed crop residue had the greatest global warming potential (281.884 kg CO2 eq) and resource consumption. Corn stover and rice straw had moderate impacts, with corn stover contributing significantly to ecotoxicity (2.2E+04 kg TEG water) and rice straw impacting respiratory inorganics (3.545 kg PM2.5 eq), and causes severe depletion of resources, consuming 4339.672 MJ of non‐renewable energy. These findings emphasize the importance of selecting low‐impact feedstocks for biochar production. While corn stover has high impacts in midpoint categories like carcinogens, non‐carcinogens, ionizing radiation, aquatic and terrestrial toxicity, and eutrophication, it has the lowest GWP. Rice straw has the lowest impact on human health and resources. Finally, uncertainty analysis using Monte Carlo Simulation shows that the coefficient of variation for impact categories is within ±10%, indicating that the results are reliable.
Environmental Impact of Waste Peel Biodiesel–Butylated Hydroxytoluene Nanoparticle Blends on Diesel Engine Emissions
Authors: Jayabal Ravikumar , Sivanraju Rajkumar 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAlternative fuels for diesel engines are essential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve energy security by reducing dependence on petroleum, and minimise air pollution by using cleaner‐burning fuels. This study investigates the environmental effects of utilising biodiesel derived from waste mosambi peel oil as a sustainable fuel alternative for common rail direct injection diesel engines. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) nanoparticles were employed as an ignition enhancer to mitigate the emissions. The test fuels comprised conventional diesel, mosambi waste peel biodiesel (MWPB), and MWPB blends with BHT [MWPB + 10‐µm BHT 10 ppm (parts per million) and MWPB + 20‐µm BHT 10 ppm]. The test results indicated that the MWPB + 10‐µm BHT 10 ppm blend significantly reduced primary pollutants, with smoke, hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions by 42.3%, 38.09% and 61.71%, respectively, compared to pure diesel. Utilising MWPB resulted in a substantial 14.67% increase in nitrogen oxide emissions at maximum brake power. This study emphasises the potential of waste‐derived biodiesel to substantially minimise environmental emissions, encouraging a more sustainable energy future.
Simplified Heat Transfer Model for Spiral‐Coil Energy Pile Groups and the Pile–Pile Thermal Interference
Authors: Dai Wang , Gang Shi , Song Wang , Hanshen Cai 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe spiral heat exchanger of the energy pile groups is divided into multiple segments. Each heat exchanger segment is regarded as a three‐dimensional spiral heat source of finite length. Based on the segmental superposition method of time and space, a variable heat flow segmental superposition heat transfer model of spiral buried‐pipe energy pile groups considering the heat transfer between circulating water and energy pile is derived and established. The correctness of the simplified heat transfer model in this paper is verified by comparing its results with those of a COMSOL finite element model. Additionally, a simplified heat transfer model is used to study the thermal interference of energy pile groups. The results show that with the increase in working time, the thermal interference between energy pile groups increases gradually. The pile spacing s and pile diameter d have a significant effect on the thermal interference between energy pile groups: the smaller the pile spacing and pile diameter, the stronger is the thermal interference between energy pile groups. The pile length has a negligible effect on the thermal interference between energy pile groups. The larger the number of energy pile groups, the stronger is the thermal interference between energy pile groups. The thermal interference of an energy pile is related to its position in the pile groups. The thermal interference of the central pile is the largest. This is followed by the edge pile and then the corner pile. Considering the thermal shielding effect of energy piles, only the influence of adjacent piles should be considered when analyzing the thermal interference of energy piles. In addition, the pitch of the spiral heat exchanger and the flow rate of the circulating water have negligible effects on the thermal interference between energy piles. The operation mode of energy pile groups has a significant effect on the thermal interference between energy piles. The thermal interference of energy pile groups in the intermittent operation mode is stronger than that in the continuous operation mode. The shorter the intermittent time, the more intense is the thermal interference of energy piles. These factors should be considered in engineering design.