bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do cardiopulmonary exercise tests predict summit success and acute mountain sickness? A prospective observational field study at extreme altitude
Authors: Seiler Thomas , Nakas Christos T , Brill Anne-Kathrin , Hefti Urs , Hilty Matthias Peter , Perret-Hoigné Eveline , Sailer Jannis , Kabitz Hans-Joachim , Merz Tobias M , Pichler Hefti Jacqueline 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveDuring a high-altitude expedition, the association of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) parameters with the risk of developing acute mountain sickness (AMS) and the chance of reaching the summit were investigated.MethodsThirty-nine subjects underwent maximal CPET at lowlands and during ascent to Mount Himlung Himal (7126 m) at 4844 m, before and after 12 days of acclimatisation, and at 6022 m. Daily records of Lake-Louise-Score (LLS) determined AMS. Participants were categorised as AMS+ if moderate to severe AMS occurred.ResultsMaximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) decreased by 40.5%±13.7% at 6022 m and improved after acclimatisation (all p<0.001). Ventilation at maximal exercise (VEmax) was reduced at 6022 m, but higher VEmaxwas related to summit success (p=0.031). In the 23 AMS+ subjects (mean LLS 7.4±2.4), a pronounced exercise-induced oxygen desaturation (ΔSpO2exercise) was found after arrival at 4844 m (p=0.005). ΔSpO2exercise>-14.0% identified 74% of participants correctly with a sensitivity of 70% and specificity of 81% for predicting moderate to severe AMS. All 15 summiteers showed higher V̇O2max(p<0.001), and a higher risk of AMS in non-summiteers was suggested but did not reach statistical significance (OR: 3.64 (95% CI: 0.78 to 17.58), p=0.057). V̇O2max≥49.0 mL/min/kg at lowlands and ≥35.0 mL/min/kg at 4844 m predicted summit success with a sensitivity of 46.7% and 53.3%, and specificity of 83.3% and 91.3%, respectively.ConclusionSummiteers were able to sustain higher VEmaxthroughout the expedition. Baseline V̇O2maxbelow 49.0 mL/min/kg was associated with a high chance of 83.3% for summit failure, when climbing without supplemental oxygen. A pronounced drop of SpO2exerciseat 4844 m may identify climbers at higher risk of AMS.
Effects of verbal violence on job satisfaction, work engagement and the mediating role of emotional exhaustion among healthcare workers: a cross-sectional survey conducted in Chinese tertiary public hospitals
Authors: Cao Yiyin , Gao Lei , Fan Lihua , Zhang Zhong , Liu Xinyan , Jiao Mingli , Li Ye , Zhang Shu'e 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveRecently, Chinese ministries and commissions have issued a series of policies and systems in response to violent injuries to doctors, physical violence have been managed to a certain extent. However, verbal violence has not been deterred and is still prevalent, it has not received appropriate attention. This study thus aimed to assess the impact of verbal violence on the organisational level and identify its risk factors among healthcare workers, so as to provide practical methods for verbal violence reduction and treatment of the complete period.MethodsSix tertiary public hospitals were selected in three provinces (cities) in China. After excluding physical and sexual violence, a total of 1567 remaining samples were included in this study. Descriptive, univariate, Pearson correlation and mediated regression analyses were employed to assess the difference between the variables, emotional responses of healthcare workers to verbal violence and the relationship between verbal violence and emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction, and work engagement.ResultsNearly half of the healthcare workers in China’s tertiary public hospitals experienced verbal violence last year. Healthcare workers who experienced verbal violence had strong emotional response. The exposure of healthcare workers to verbal violence significantly positively predicted the emotional exhaustion (r=0.20, p<0.01), significantly negatively predicted job satisfaction (r=−0.17, p<0.01) and work engagement (r=−0.18, p<0.01), but was not associated with turnover intention. Emotional exhaustion partially mediated the effects of verbal violence on job satisfaction and work engagement.ConclusionsThe results indicate that the incidence of workplace verbal violence in tertiary public hospitals in China is high and cannot be ignored. This study is to demonstrate the organisational-level impact of verbal violence experienced by healthcare workers and to propose training solutions to help healthcare workers reduce the frequency and mitigate the impact of verbal violence.
Neighbourhood environment as a risk factor for adverse health outcomes through association with the microbiome: protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Farmer Nicole , Baginski Alyssa , Alkhatib Jenna , Maki Katherine A , Baumer Yvonne , Powell-Wiley Tiffany M , Wallen Gwenyth R 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionThe connection of the microbiome to human health intersects with the physical environment of humans. Each microbiome location can be influenced by environmental conditions that relate to specific geographical locations, which in turn are influenced by social determinants of health such as a neighbourhood. The objective of this scoping review is to explore the current evidence on the relationships between microbiome and neighbourhood to explain microbiome-related health outcomes.Methods and analysisArksey and O’Malley’s literature review framework will be employed throughout the process, as well as Page,et al’s 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis updated workflow to process search results. The literature search will be completed using PubMed/Medline (NLM), Embase (Elsevier), Web of Science, Core Collection (Clarivate Analytics), Scopus (Elsevier), medRxiv preprint server and Open Science Framework server. The search will be conducted using a list of pre-identified Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms relating to neighbourhood, microbiome and individual characteristics. There will be no date or language restrictions used in the search. In order to be included in the study, a piece must include an evaluation of the relationship between microbiome diversity and neighbourhood (including at least one measurement of the neighbourhood and at least one human microbiome site). Excluded from the review will be those works that do not include all of these measures, literature reviews based on secondary sources and postmortem populations with no report of premortem health factors. The review itself will be an iterative process completed by two reviewers, with a third individual identified to break ties. Documents will be undergoing a risk assessment of bias in order for the authors to comment on the quality of the literature in this area. Finally, results will be discussed with identified stakeholders, including individuals connected to neighbourhoods facing structural inequity and experts in the topics of study through a community advisory board, for their feedback and knowledge transfer.Ethics and disseminationThis review does not require ethical approval. Results of this search will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications. Furthermore, this work is completed in conjunction with a community advisory board so as to ensure dissemination to multiple stakeholders.
Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in relation to natural infection and vaccination between October 2020 and September 2021 in the Czech Republic: a prospective national cohort study
Authors: Thon Vojtěch , Piler Pavel , Pavlík Tomáš , Andrýsková Lenka , Doležel Kamil , Kostka David , Pikhart Hynek , Bobák Martin , Klánová Jana 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveExamine changes in SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity before and during the national vaccination campaign in the Czech Republic.DesignProspective national population-based cohort study.SettingMasaryk University, RECETOX, Brno.Participants22 130 persons provided blood samples at two time points approximately 5–7 months apart, between October 2020 and March 2021 (phase I, before vaccination), and between April and September 2021 (during vaccination campaign).Outcome measuresAntigen-specific humoral immune response was analysed by detection of IgG antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein by commercial chemiluminescent immunoassays. Participants completed a questionnaire that included personal information, anthropometric data, self-reported results of previous RT-PCR tests (if performed), history of symptoms compatible with COVID-19 and records of COVID-19 vaccination. Seroprevalence was compared between calendar periods, previous RT-PCR results, vaccination and other individual characteristics.ResultsBefore vaccination (phase I), seroprevalence increased from 15% in October 2020 to 56% in March 2021. By the end of phase II, in September 2021, prevalence increased to 91%; the highest seroprevalence was seen among vaccinated persons with and without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection (99.7% and 97.2%, respectively), while the lowest seroprevalence was found among unvaccinated persons with no signs of disease (26%). Vaccination rates were lower in persons who were seropositive in phase I but increased with age and body mass index. Only 9% of unvaccinated subjects who were seropositive in phase I became seronegative by phase II.ConclusionsThe rapid increase in seropositivity during the second wave of the COVID-19 epidemic (covered by phase I of this study) was followed by a similarly steep rise in seroprevalence during the national vaccination campaign, reaching seropositivity rates of over 97% among vaccinated persons.
Obstacles and opportunities for injury prevention in professional football in Qatar: exploring the implementation reality
Authors: Tabben Montassar , Verhagen Evert , Warsen Marit , Chaabane Mokthar , Schumacher Yorck , Alkhelaifi Khalid , Hassanmirzaei Bahar , Bahr Roald , Chamari Karim , Bolling Caroline 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundResearch focusing on reducing the risk of injuries has increased over the last two decades showing that prevention implementation in real life is challenging.ObjectiveTo explore the experience and opinions of professional football stakeholders regarding injuries, their prevention and the implementation of preventive measures.DesignQualitative study.SettingTechnical and medical staff from Qatar’s premier football league.Participants22 professionals from 6 teams.Main outcomeSemistructured interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using the thematic analysis method.ResultsAll the participants acknowledged the importance of injury prevention. They mentioned teamwork, trust and communication as critical factors for a successful injury prevention implementation. Teams’ doctors see themselves mainly involved in the treatment and recovery process, and to a lesser degree, in the prevention process. Physiotherapists defined their primary responsibilities as screening for injury risk and providing individual exercises to players. The participants declared that the fitness coach is responsible for injury prevention implementation. All stakeholders reported that the fitness coach plays a vital role in communication by bridging the head coach and the medical staff. Stakeholders reported that the Qatari football league has a very particular context around the player, such as socioecological factors influencing injury prevention implementation.ConclusionsThe fitness coach plays a vital role in the injury prevention implementation system, as one of the key actors for the process, as well as the bridge between the medical team and the head coach, resulting from their better communication with the head coaches. The findings support considering and understanding the contextual factors during the development of preventive strategies in football.
Burn-out in the health workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: opportunities for workplace and leadership approaches to improve well-being
Authors: Smallwood Natasha , Bismark Marie , Willis Karen 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundBurn-out is a long-standing problem among healthcare workers (HCWs) and leads to poorer quality and less safe patient care, lower patient satisfaction, absenteeism and reduced workforce retention. Crises such as the pandemic not only generate new challenges but also intensify existing workplace stresses and chronic workforce shortages. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, the global health workforce is burnt-out and under immense pressure, with multiple individual, organisational and healthcare system drivers.MethodIn this article, we examine how key organisational and leadership approaches can facilitate mental health support for HCWs and identify strategies to support HCWs that are critical for supporting workforce well-being during the pandemic.ResultsWe identified 12 key approaches at the organisational and individual levels for healthcare leadership to support workforce well-being during the COVID-19 crisis. These approaches may inform leadership responses to future crises.ConclusionGovernments, healthcare organisations and leaders must invest and deliver long-term measures to value, support and retain the health workforce to preserve high-quality healthcare.
Comparison of patients with axial PsA and patients with axSpA and concomitant psoriasis: an analysis of the German register RABBIT-SpA
Authors: Regierer Anne Constanze , Weiß Anja , Proft Fabian , Baraliakos Xenofon , Behrens Frank , Poddubnyy Denis , Schett Georg , Lorenz Hanns-Martin , Worsch Matthias , Strangfeld Anja 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundPsoriatic arthritis (PsA) and axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) show certain overlaps: A subset of patients with PsA can develop axial involvement (axial PsA, axPsA), while a subset of patients with axSpA presents with psoriasis (axSpA+pso). Treatment strategy for axPsA is mostly based on axSpA evidence.ObjectivesTo compare demographic and disease-specific parameters of axPsA and axSpA+pso.MethodsRABBIT-SpA is a prospective longitudinal cohort study. AxPsA was defined based on (1) clinical judgement by rheumatologists; (2) imaging (sacroiliitis according to modified New York criteria in radiographs or signs of active inflammation in MRI or syndesmophytes/ankylosis in radiographs or signs of active inflammation in spine MRI). axSpA was stratified into axSpA+pso and axSpA without pso.ResultsPsoriasis was documented in 181/1428 axSpA patients (13%). Of 1395 PsA patients, 359 (26%) showed axial involvement. 297 patients (21%) fulfilled the clinical definition and 196 (14%) the imaging definition of axial manifestation of PsA. AxSpA+pso differed from axPsA regardless whether clinical or imaging definition was used. axPsA patients were older, more often female and less often HLA-B27+. Peripheral manifestations were more often present in axPsA than in axSpA+pso, whereas uveitis and inflammatory bowel disease were more common in axSpA+pso. Burden of disease (patient global, pain, physician global) was similar among axPsA and axSpA+pso patients.ConclusionsAxPsA differs from axSpA+pso in its clinical manifestations, irrespective of whether axPsA is defined clinically or by imaging. These findings support the hypothesis that axSpA and PsA with axial involvement are distinct entities, so extrapolation of treatment data from randomised controlled trials in axSpA should be performed with caution.
Empiric tranexamic acid use provides no benefit in urgent orthopedic surgery following injury
Authors: Carr Bryan , Li Shi-Wen , Hill Jamel G , Feizpour Cyrus , Zarzaur Ben L , Savage Stephanie 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundOrthopedic literature has demonstrated a significant decrease in postoperative transfusion requirements when tranexamic acid (TXA) was given during elective joint arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the empiric use of TXA in semi-urgent orthopedic procedures following injury. We hypothesized that TXA would be associated with increased rates of venous thromboembolic events (VTE) and have no effect on transfusion requirements.MethodsPatients who empirically received TXA during a semi-urgent orthopedic surgery following injury (TXA+) were matched using propensity scoring to historical controls (CONTROL) who did not receive TXA. Outcomes included VTE within 6 months of injury and packed red blood cell utilization. Multivariable logistic regression and generalized linear modeling were used to determine odds of VTE and transfusion.Results200 patients were included in each group. There was no difference in mortality between groups. TXA+ patients did not have an increase in VTE events (OR 0.680, 95% CI 0.206 to 2.248). TXA+ patients had a significantly higher odds of being transfused during their hospital stay (OR 2.175, 95% CI 1.246 to 3.797) and during the index surgery (increased 0.95 units (SD 0.16), p<0.0001). Overall transfusion was also significantly higher in the TXA+ group (p=0.0021).ConclusionEmpiric use of TXA in semi-urgent orthopedic surgeries did not increase the odds of VTE. Despite the elective literature, TXA administration did not associate with less transfusion requirements. A properly powered, prospective, randomized trial should be designed to elucidate the risks and benefits associated with TXA use in this setting.Level of evidenceLevel IV.
Optimizing FPGA-Based Convolutional Neural Network Performance
Authors: Kao Chi-Chou 
Published: March 2023

In deep learning, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are a class of artificial neural networks (ANNs), most commonly applied to analyze visual imagery. They are also known as Shift-Invariant or Space-Invariant Artificial Neural Networks (SIANNs), based on the shared-weight architecture of the convolution kernels or filters that slide along input features and provide translation-equivariant responses known as feature maps. Recently, various architectures for CNN based on FPGA platform have been proposed because it has the advantages of high performance and fast development cycle. However, some key issues including how to optimize the performance of CNN layers with different structures, high-performance heterogeneous accelerator design, and how to reduce the neural network framework integration overhead need to be improved. To overcome and improve these problems, we propose dynamic cycle pipeline tiling, data layout optimization, and a pipelined software and hardware (SW–HW)-integrated architecture with flexibility and integration. Some benchmarks have been tested and implemented on the FPGA board for the proposed architecture. The proposed dynamic tiling and data layout transformation improved by 2.3 times in the performance. Moreover, with two-level pipelining, we achieve up to five times speedup and the proposed system is 3.8 times more energy-efficient than the GPU.
A New Heuristic Tool for Designing Multiple-Valued Logic Systems
Authors: Savran Ibrahim 
Published: March 2023

In this paper, a brand new heuristic optimization algorithm for multiple-valued logic (MVL) functions and the performance of the implementation will be introduced. In logic synthesis, optimization procedure is a fundamental process in order to design more efficient systems. The proposed algorithm, called MVL-MIN, utilizes Cube Algebra operators. MVL-MIN computes the prime cubes that cover a target cube at a time, instead of extracting all the primes for a given MVL function. MVL-MIN consists of five major procedures, called (a) checking, (b) expansion, (c) elimination, (d) nondisjoint sharp, and (e) prime determination. In order to find a near-minimal cover, three different prime determination functions are developed. The implementation based on the new algorithm is compared with MVSIS. For testing, three sets of test bench are prepared. Each set includes 5 MVL functions. Test results proved that MVL-MIN is able to solve all test files within a fixed allocation of computer resources while MVSIS could not. MVL-MIN achieved 1.9× to 9.7× speedup over MVSIS. In terms of cover size, since current MVL-MIN implementation cannot recognize redundant cubes, MVSIS computed more concise covers for all test benches than MVL-MIN.
Advancing Human-AI Complementarity: The Impact of User Expertise and Algorithmic Tuning on Joint Decision Making
Authors: Inkpen Kori , Chappidi Shreya , Mallari Keri , Nushi Besmira , Ramesh Divya , Michelucci Pietro , Mandava Vani , Vepřek Libuše Hannah , Quinn Gabrielle 
Published: March 2023

Human-AI collaboration for decision-making strives to achieve team performance that exceeds the performance of humans or AI alone. However, many factors can impact success of Human-AI teams, including a user’s domain expertise, mental models of an AI system, trust in recommendations, and more. This article reports on a study that examines users’ interactions with three simulated algorithmic models, all with equivalent accuracy rates but each tuned differently in terms of true positive and true negative rates. Our study examined user performance in a non-trivial blood vessel labeling task where participants indicated whether a given blood vessel was flowing or stalled. Users completed 140 trials across multiple stages, first without an AI and then with recommendations from an AI-Assistant. Although all users had prior experience with the task, their levels of proficiency varied widely.Our results demonstrated that while recommendations from an AI-Assistant can aid in users’ decision making, several underlying factors, including user base expertise and complementary human-AI tuning, significantly impact the overall team performance. First, users’ base performance matters, particularly in comparison to the performance level of the AI. Novice users improved, but not to the accuracy level of the AI. Highly proficient users were generally able to discern when they should follow the AI recommendation and typically maintained or improved their performance. Mid-performers, who had a similar level of accuracy to the AI, were most variable in terms of whether the AI recommendations helped or hurt their performance. Second, tuning an AI algorithm to complement users’ strengths and weaknesses also significantly impacted users’ performance. For example, users in our study were better at detecting flowing blood vessels, so when the AI was tuned to reduce false negatives (at the expense of increasing false positives), users were able to reject those recommendations more easily and improve in accuracy. Finally, users’ perception of the AI’s performance relative to their own performance had an impact on whether users’ accuracy improved when given recommendations from the AI. Overall, this work reveals important insights on the complex interplay of factors influencing Human-AI collaboration and provides recommendations on how to design and tune AI algorithms to complement users in decision-making tasks.
NetPlotBrain: A Python package for visualizing networks and brains
Authors: Fanton Silvia , Thompson William Hedley 
Published: March 2023

AbstractVisualizations of networks are complex since they are multidimensional and generally convey large amounts of information. The layout of the visualization can communicate either network properties or spatial properties of the network. Generating such figures to effectively convey information and be accurate can be difficult and time-consuming, and it can require expert knowledge. Here, we introduce NetPlotBrain (short for network plots onto brains), a Python package for Python 3.9+. The package offers several advantages. First, NetPlotBrain provides a high-level interface to easily highlight and customize results of interest. Second, it presents a solution to promote accurate plots through its integration with TemplateFlow. Third, it integrates with other Python software, allowing for easy integration to include networks from NetworkX or implementations of network-based statistics. In sum, NetPlotBrain is a versatile but easy to use package designed to produce high-quality network figures while integrating with open research software for neuroimaging and network theory.