bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polarization from the perspective of ambivalents: Feeling caught in the social crossfire of the U.S. abortion debate
Authors: Ton Gonneke M. , van Zomeren Martijn , Stroebe Katherine 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn polarized societal debates, it is often assumed that perceiving polarization leads individuals to take sides (e.g., “pro‐life” or “pro‐choice”). However, perceiving polarization can also make individuals ambivalent because they feel “caught in the social crossfire” of the debate. We conducted a survey study (Ntotal = 863 women) on ambivalents’ perspectives of the U.S. abortion debate. Findings supported the hypothesis that ambivalents’ perceived polarization related positively to their felt ambivalence. This relationship can be explained by their feeling of being “caught in the social crossfire”: they feel torn while also understanding both sides of the debate. Moreover, felt ambivalence was positively related to tendencies toward avoidance of the debate but also toward conciliatory efforts (e.g., to create mutual understanding between the groups). We discuss the implications of these findings for the relationship between perceived polarization and felt ambivalence among ambivalents.
Identifying and addressing unmet clinical needs in primary cutaneous B‐cell lymphoma: A consensus‐based paper from an ad‐hoc international panel
Authors: Quaglino Pietro , Pimpinelli Nicola , Zinzani Pier Luigi , Paulli Marco , Pileri Stefano , Berti Emilio , Cerroni Lorenzo , Guitart Joan , Kim Youn H. , Rupoli Serena , Santucci Marco , Simontacchi Gabriele , Vermeer Maarten , Hoppe Richard , Pro Barbara , Swerdlow Steven H. , Barosi Giovanni 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPrimary cutaneous B‐cell lymphomas (PCBCLs) are lymphoproliferative disorders that appear on the skin without evidence of extracutaneous manifestations at the time of diagnosis. There is a lack of evidence‐based guidelines for their clinical management due to the availability of very few large scale studies and controlled clinical trials. Here we present and discuss a series of major unmet clinical needs (UCNs) in the management of PCBCLs by a panel of 16 experts involved in research and clinical practice of PCBCL. The Panel produced recommendations on the appropriateness of the clinical decisions concerning the identified clinical needs and proposed research for improving the knowledge needed to solve them. Recommendations and proposals were achieved by multiple‐step formalized procedures to reach a consensus after a comprehensive analysis of the scientific literature. Recommendations and proposals lay in the domain of classification uncertainties of PCBCL, optimization of diagnosis, optimization of prognosis, optimization of staging and critical issues on therapeutic strategies with particular focus on new treatments. These recommendations are intended for use not only by experts but above all by dermatologists and hematologists with limited experience in the field of PCBCLs as well as general practitioners.
Lessons Learned and Recommendations for the Application of Systems Engineering as an Emerging Discipline in Transportation & Infrastructure Projects
Authors: Hoehne Oliver 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWhile systems engineering (SE) has been a well‐established discipline focusing on interdisciplinary systems and engineering management of complex systems over their life cycles, SE is still widely unknown in the U.S. infrastructure industry.The U.S. has recently passed a $1 trillion infrastructure bill (H.R. 3684), calling for investments in roads, bridges, rail, ports, airports, power, water, broadband, and other major projects. It is the intent of this paper to provide practical guidance to infrastructure owners and operators who are interested in reaping the benefits of applying SE to their transportation and infrastructure projects.This paper memorializes the lessons learned from over a of decade of real‐world, hands‐on experience of introducing and gradually increasing the application of systems engineering to building the civil infrastructure of the California High‐Speed Rail System (CHSRS), starting with the environmental impact review, preliminary engineering, final design, construction, inspection and testing, and finally the certification and planned handover of 119 miles of civil work and over 225 individual structures to the following track and systems contracts.As the first three CHSRS civil works construction packages (CP) are currently nearing completion, three new civil work and passenger station procurement contracts have recently been awarded, extending CHSRS to 171 miles and close to 300 structures, including four passenger stations, with additional track and systems, trainset, and train operator contracts planned in the near future.The extension of the CHSRS presented a timely opportunity to incorporate the SE lessons learned during the first three construction packages and update the systems engineering process requirements for the new CHSRS extension projects going forward. The SE requirements are presented in form of Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) requirements and have been prepared as tailored requirements for both civil infrastructure and track and systems contracts.This paper intends to share the lessons learned and present them as specific and actionable recommendations, providing practical guidance for the application of SE to transportation and/or infrastructure projects.
Democratizing Systems Security
Authors: Dove Rick , Winstead Mark , Dunlap Holy , Hause Matthew , Scalco Aleksandra , Willett Keith , Williams Adam D. , Wilson Beth 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAs systems security joins the top concerns of systems engineering, the availability and affordability of already scarce security expertise presents a resource barrier and raises questions about the nature of competency needed in the systems engineering team. Workshops in 2022 exploring the eleven strategies outlined in the 2021 roadmap for Security in the Future of Systems Engineering revealed one strategy as centrally synergistic with all the other ten: Stakeholder Alignment. Investigating means and effects of aligning stakeholders on security requirements led to the understanding that security expressed as loss‐driven needs and capabilities would be accessible to everyone, independent of how those needs and capabilities would be realized. This article makes a case for achieving stakeholder security alignment as a means to efffectualize security as a foundational perspective in system design and actualize security proficiency in the SE team.
Preventing MBSE Amnesia through Role‐Based Knowledge Management
Authors: Fitzsimmons Sharon 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe problems of knowledge management (KM) have changed in the last thirty years since its introduction, as evidenced by the decrease in searches for “knowledge management” and the up‐tick in Google trends for searches on “big data.” With the introduction of Web 2.0, the amount of data available within a company has exploded, but a company's technology for navigating that data has not necessarily kept up. Consequently, companies are at high risk for organizational knowledge loss. This is particularly acute in new technologies that suffer from a labor shortage, such as Model‐Based Systems Engineering (MBSE).To reduce this risk, best practices for knowledge taxonomy and knowledge navigation are explored within this paper. A systematic literature review will generate categorization data for MBSE topics and suggest organization for a Knowledge Management System (KMS) that will facilitate user interaction. Gaps in the current research of MBSE are identified for future research. Future research may also include organizational surveys to evaluate adoption and perceived effectiveness of the recommended best practices.
System Requirements Development Under a Dual‐Prime Contracting Model
Authors: Pearce Paul 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDeveloping requirements for a highly coupled complicated system is a challenging prospect for any project. The task gets more complicated if multiple organisations are needed to deliver the required solution. This paper relates the practical experience of ‘dual prime contracting’ where two organisations take the lead for the delivery of a system in response to the requirements of a common customer. The first part of the paper describes real motivations and contractual elements that underpin a dual prime contracting model. The technical body of the paper describes how a single requirement set is allocated and flowed to two prime contractors and introduces the common product breakdown structure. The allocation and flow down of non‐functional transversal requirements is given special treatment. The paper closes with useful insights for dual‐prime contractors, emphasising the value of early planning and preparation of joint collaboration strategies.
Systems Thinking Applied to Higher Education Curricula Development
Authors: London Mark , Rahdar Reza , Jiang Hong , Lin Yuetong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSystems Thinking (ST) is a general and yet nebulous term that describes an approach to understanding and working with complexity in the real world. ST seeks to evaluate different behaviors of individual system elements when they operate in isolation as opposed to when they are integrated as part of a larger system and placed within a particular operating environment. The education environment consists of multiple systems with different digital content, learning goals/outcomes that serve different stakeholders including teachers, learners, and administrators. The inherent complexity and interaction among these various educational system elements and functions make this environment a worthy candidate for consideration within the ST context. In this paper we examine the application of ST principles to higher education. Specifically, our study suggests that systems thinking methods and concepts can promote improved outcomes in curricula development with a positive impact on student learning.
Scalable, Flexible Implementation of MBSE and DevOps in VSEs: Design Considerations and a Case Study
Authors: Simpson Cailin , Simske Steven 
Published: August 2023

AbstractModel‐based systems engineering (MBSE) and development operations (DevOps) both provide organizations with increased system development capabilities by defining development process controls and defining sequential development, testing, and other processes. As the use and complexity of MBSE and DevOps processes for software systems development continues to rise, very small entities (<25 employees) may struggle to implement full scale implementations of these engineering project management processes. This paper uses principles from MBSE and DevOps models to explore a reduced, simplified scope of both system development paradigms that VSEs can implement to obtain benefits of both processes.
Architecting Descriptive Models for MBSE
Authors: Noguchi Ryan A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractModel‐Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) is becoming increasingly recognized as a critical enabler for significantly improving the effectiveness and efficiency of systems engineering. While MBSE is seeing significant growth in its application to complex system development programs, the growth of MBSE adoption and realized value is often stymied by the growth of technical debt in the descriptive models that serve as the foundation of knowledge capture and communication in an MBSE environment. Just as a good system architect or software architect makes key decisions early in the life of a system or software product to maximize the likelihood of stakeholder satisfaction throughout its life, a good model architect can provide that same invaluable function for descriptive models. The methods and practices of system and software architecting can be readily adapted to address the technical debt growth problem often seen in the development of descriptive models. This paper describes the emerging discipline of “model architecting,” comparing and contrasting it with system and software architecting practices. The paper describes a representative set of model architecting patterns that illustrate model architecting principles, then identifies some of the key roles, responsibilities, and competencies required of the model architect.
Seamless Transitions from Logical to Physical Avionics Architecture Models for Preliminary Aircraft Systems Design
Authors: Broehan Jasmin , Kuelper Nils , Thielecke Frank 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe transition of federated aviation electronics (avionics) systems to Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) concepts leads to a higher integration of functions, which reduces the amount of equipment and therefore system mass. However, these benefits are accompanied by a strong increase in system complexity and more interdependencies. Moreover, further digitalization and automation of aircraft functions lead to a higher impact of avionics in terms of equipment number and energy consumption. One challenge arises from the fact that the IMA platform design starts in parallel to the design of other aircraft on‐board systems, for which the platform shall provide resources like computing power. This leads to a high uncertainty during early design phases on the one hand and to a complex design process including many data and tool interfaces on the other hand. In order to meet these challenges, seamless model‐based design approaches are being broadly investigated. For this purpose, standardized and automated interfaces between different design steps, tools, and stakeholders are needed. In this work, a formalized avionics architecture design process is proposed to support a seamless model‐based tool chain from systems architecting to detailed system design. Methods to handle uncertainties, to provide standardized model interfaces, and to automate transitions between model abstraction levels are included. Overall, this reduces manual effort and the introduction of errors that would lead to high costs during system implementation.
Evaluating 50,000 Aerial Drones Against Volatile Targets
Authors: Bordley Robert 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAfter developing draft requirements, systems engineering generates and evaluates potential designs concepts against these requirements. After a concept is selected, multiple more detailed variations of that selected concept are generated. The best variation is selected for implementation. Thus the value of each design concept is only an estimate of the ultimate value of what is ultimately designed. This process is complicated by volatile and interdependent requirements. This paper derives a evaluation function for these kinds of problems and applies it to the setbased design of 50, 000 small unmanned aerial vehicles concepts generated by set‐based design.
NASA Technology Readiness Level Assessment Using a Model‐Based Systems Engineering Framework
Authors: Hawkins Victoria , Mulholland Rebecca , Aloisio Diane , Davis Neal , Drake Sarah 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAssessing the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of a system in support of a NASA effort is an important exercise. This exercise helps engineers identify the least mature system components and subsystems they need to improve in support of reducing the overall risk of a system not performing in the harsh space environment. However, contractors often inconsistently apply the assessment process in support of this exercise. Contractors typically perform this exercise in a document‐based manner, so there is little to no propagation of change throughout the system design documents, little reuse of the data once it is developed, and no single source of truth for engineers to reference. Model‐Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) is an approach that has helped address these problems for other Systems Engineering‐related deliverables (such as requirements specifications, system architecture, design documentation, and verification planning). In this paper, we use MBSE to create a TRL assessment methodology that a variety of different programs can tailor to streamline their process, make their processes reusable, and encourage a single source of truth for their data. We first describe our approach, then describe the methodology we have developed, and finally apply this methodology to an example.
How INCOSE's Certification Program has Evolved as a System of Systems
Authors: Wright Courtney , Joshi Mrunmayi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE) Certification program began as a subsystem of INCOSE, with only a few external entities involved. The majority of the required capabilities were carried out internally, such testing based on the INCOSE Systems Engineering Handbook. Many capabilities have since been outsourced to independent external agencies such as psychometricians and certificate providers to gain flexibility and simplify operations. As a result, the INCOSE certification program evolved from an INCOSE subsystem to a System of Systems (SoS) with component systems such as universities, exam providers, training providers, and local chapters. This paper discusses the characteristics and challenges of the INCOSE Certification program as a System of Systems, the type of a SoS that best suits the certification program, change management of the certification program, learnings from managing the certification program as a System of Systems, the System of Systems engineering application to the certification programs, and critical problems involved in the certification program's operation and management.
Autonomica: Ontological Modeling and Analysis of Autonomous Behavior
Authors: Elaasar Maged , Rouquette Nicolas , Havelund Klaus , Feather Martin , Bandyopadhyay Saptarshi , Candela Alberto 
Published: August 2023

AbstractModel‐based system autonomy is a complex integration of planning from high‐level goals to low‐level command sequences whose execution controls a system. The need for autonomy has accelerated in recent years to enable complex missions in automotive, space, and defense. During system development, understanding the relationship between system autonomy and the physical environment (including hardware) is critical to supporting trade studies, developing concepts of operations, characterizing risk, and performing testing. This paper describes the initial results of developing Autonomica, an ontology‐based methodology and a framework for autonomous behavior modeling and analysis. This methodology formalizes an architectural pattern for specifying model‐based autonomy as a vocabulary with description logic semantics and provides authoring and analysis capabilities (reasoning, querying, and simulation) for the architectures. The framework implements the methodology in an integrated workbench. A running example of a hypothetical spacecraft mission to a small space body illustrates the ideas.
Image processing‐based Athletes' injury prevention mechanism
Authors: Wang Wei , Lv Liu , Huang Qiuchen , Liu Zun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study proposes a compressed domain video action recognition to prevent athlete injuries. The main idea is to use the motion vector and residual of the compressed video to construct new spatiotemporal features while extracting compressed code stream information. The new spatiotemporal features have the spatiotemporal relationship between motion vectors and residuals and the characteristic of precise object edges. Through verification on mainstream action recognition datasets (HMDB‐51, UCF‐101), the proposed method has a more negligible computational overhead than action recognition based on the traditional pixel domain and higher recognition accuracy than action recognition based on the video compression domain. Experiments have shown that the new spatiotemporal features based on the compressed domain have advantages such as solid spatiotemporal relationships and high information density, which can make action recognition results with high accuracy, detect abnormalities or patterns associated with injuries, and analyze an athlete's movements and provide personalized training recommendations.
pH‐responsive gum tragacanth hydrogels for high methylene blue adsorption
Authors: Illanes Cristian O. , Takara Eduardo A. , Masuelli Martin A. , Ochoa Nelio A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundBiobased hydrogels are used in many applications due to their easy availability, low cost, and versatility to acquire different structures. However, there is scarce information about the changes generated in the matrix's microstructure after crosslinking reactions. The effect of the crosslinking reaction using glutaraldehyde on the micro‐ and macrostructure of tragacanth gum hydrogels (TG GLU) was evaluated.ResultsNew acetal groups, which increase with increasing glutaraldehyde (GLU), produced less packed biopolymeric structures with more thermal stability. Due to demethoxylation, a higher amount of free carboxylic groups after crosslinking reaction were determined in TG GLU. Crosslinked hydrogels presented a higher water uptake capacity with a pH‐responsive behavior with suitable thermal and mechanical properties. Besides this, the highest adsorptive capacity of methylene blue achieved was qm = 530 mg/g.ConclusionspH responsive gels from tragacanth were obtained after crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. Chemical and microstructural changes affected the methylene blue adsorption, resulting in hydrogels with improved adsorptive properties. These properties give the TG‐GLU hydrogels some features that make them suitable for practical applications in the pharmaceutical industry related to drug delivery and water remediation. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Food or medicine? A European regulatory perspective on nutritional therapy products to treat inborn errors of metabolism
Authors: Stolwijk N. N. , Bosch A. M. , Bouwhuis N. , Häberle J. , van Karnebeek C. , van Spronsen F. J. , Langeveld M. , Hollak C. E. M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDietary or nutritional management strategies are the cornerstone of treatment for many inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs). Though a vital part of standard of care, the products prescribed for this are often not formally registered as medication. Instead, they are regulated as food or as food supplements, impacting the level of oversight as well as reimbursed policies. This scoping literature review explores the European regulatory framework relevant to these products and its implications for current clinical practice. Searches of electronic databases (PubMed, InfoCuria) were carried out, supplemented by articles identified by experts, from reference lists, relevant guidelines and case‐law by the European Court of Justice. In the European Union (EU), nutritional therapy products are regulated as food supplements, food for special medical purposes (FSMPs) or medication. The requirements and level of oversight increase for each of these categories. Relying on lesser‐regulated food products to treat IEMs raises concerns regarding product quality, safety, reimbursement and patient access. In order to ascertain whether a nutritional therapy product functions as medication and thus could be classified as such, we developed a flowchart to assess treatment characteristics (benefit, pharmacological attributes, and safety) with a case‐based approach. Evaluating nutritional therapy products might reveal a justifiable need for a pharmaceutical product. A flowchart can facilitate systematically distinguishing products that function medication‐like in the management of IEMs. Subsequently, finding and implementing appropriate solutions for these products might help improve the quality, safety and accessibility including reimbursement of treatment for IEMs.