bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Darwin’s agential materials: evolutionary implications of multiscale competency in developmental biology
Authors: Levin Michael 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA critical aspect of evolution is the layer of developmental physiology that operates between the genotype and the anatomical phenotype. While much work has addressed the evolution of developmental mechanisms and the evolvability of specific genetic architectures with emergent complexity, one aspect has not been sufficiently explored: the implications of morphogenetic problem-solving competencies for the evolutionary process itself. The cells that evolution works with are not passive components: rather, they have numerous capabilities for behavior because they derive from ancestral unicellular organisms with rich repertoires. In multicellular organisms, these capabilities must be tamed, and can be exploited, by the evolutionary process. Specifically, biological structures have a multiscale competency architecture where cells, tissues, and organs exhibit regulative plasticity—the ability to adjust to perturbations such as external injury or internal modifications and still accomplish specific adaptive tasks across metabolic, transcriptional, physiological, and anatomical problem spaces. Here, I review examples illustrating how physiological circuits guiding cellular collective behavior impart computational properties to the agential material that serves as substrate for the evolutionary process. I then explore the ways in which the collective intelligence of cells during morphogenesis affect evolution, providing a new perspective on the evolutionary search process. This key feature of the physiological software of life helps explain the remarkable speed and robustness of biological evolution, and sheds new light on the relationship between genomes and functional anatomical phenotypes.
A semigroup defining the Gröbner degeneration of a toric ideal
Authors: de Alba Casillas Hernán , Duarte Daniel , Vargas Antuna Raúl 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe give an explicit set of generators for the semigroup of the Gröbner degeneration of a toric ideal. This set of generators is used to study algebraic properties of the semigroup it generates: approximation of semigroups, non-preservation of saturation, Betti elements, uniqueness of presentations, and Möbius functions.
Sustainable Management of the African Great Lake Coastal Areas: Motivations and Perspectives of Community Citizen Scientists
Authors: Moshi Happiness Anold , Shilla Daniel Abel , Brehim Joan , Kimirei Ismael , O’Reilly Catherine , Loiselle Steven 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe long-term sustainability of the African Great Lakes is strongly connected to the management and monitoring of their coastal areas. Yet, the communities that live in these areas are rarely involved in monitoring and have limited influence on key management issues. Furthermore, regulatory activities and knowledge sharing in these transnational ecosystems are strongly limited by funding and infrastructure limitations. Citizen science has great potential to advance both scientific and public understanding of the state of the environment. However, there remains a limited understanding of participants’ motivations and expectations, especially in developing countries, where citizen science has great potential to complement regulatory monitoring. The present study explores the motivations of citizen scientists in villages along Lake Tanganyika’s northern coast and their potential to take a more active role in lake management. Motivations were examined through qualitative interviews, focus groups, and quantitative surveys with 110 citizen scientists and 110 non-citizen scientists from participating villages. Key motivational factors identified were the desire to contribute to scientific research and local knowledge, as well as aspects of financial compensation. The results confirm that participation in citizen science provides many benefits to participants beyond their role as data aggregators and final knowledge users. However, the incentives to participation varied to those typically considered in citizen science programs conducted in developed countries. To create sustainable long-term community based environmental monitoring, these motivations should be incorporated in the program design and participant recruitment.
Simulation‐Based Breast Biopsy Training Using a Low‐Cost Gelatin‐Based Breast Model in Rwanda
Authors: Hey Matthew T. , Masimbi Ornella , Shimelash Natnael , Alayande Barnabas T. , Forbes Callum , Twizeyimana Jonas , Nimbabazi Othniel , Giannarikas Persephone , Hamzah Radzi , Eyre Andrew , Riviello Robert , Bekele Abebe , Anderson Geoffrey A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundAn interdisciplinary team of healthcare providers and simulation specialists adopted and modified a protocol for the creation of a low‐cost, gelatin‐based breast model for teaching ultrasound‐guided breast biopsy and assessed first‐time user experience.MethodsAn interdisciplinary team of healthcare providers and simulation specialists adopted and modified a protocol for the creation of a low‐cost, gelatin‐based breast model for teaching ultrasound‐guided breast biopsy for approximately $4.40 USD. Components include medical‐grade gelatin, Jell‐O™, water, olives, and surgical gloves. The model was used to train two cohorts comprising 30 students total during their junior surgical clerkship. The learners’ experience and perceptions on the first Kirkpatrick level were evaluated using pre‐ and post‐training surveys.ResultsResponse rate was 93.3% (n = 28). Only three students had previously completed an ultrasound‐guided breast biopsy, and none had prior exposure to simulation‐based breast biopsy training. Learners that were confident in performing biopsies under minimal supervision rose from 4 to 75% following the session. All students indicated the session increased their knowledge, and 71% agreed that the model was an anatomically accurate and appropriate substitute to a real human breast.ConclusionsThe use of a low‐cost gelatin‐based breast model was able to increase student confidence and knowledge in performing ultrasound‐guided breast biopsies. This innovative simulation model provides a cost‐effective and more accessible means of simulation‐based training especially for low‐ and middle‐income settings.
Dialysis Access Maintenance: Plain Balloon Angioplasty
Authors: Ratnam Lakshmi , Karunanithy Narayan , Mailli Leto , Diamantopoulos Athanasios , Morgan Robert A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPlain balloon angioplasty remains the first-line treatment for dialysis access stenosis. This chapter reviews the outcomes of plain balloon angioplasty from cohort studies and comparative studies. Angioplasty outcomes are more favourable in arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) compared to arteriovenous grafts (AVG) with primary patency at 6 months ranging from 42–63% compared to 27–61%, respectively, and improved for forearm fistulae compared with upper arm fistulae. Higher pressures are required to treat stenoses in AVFs compared to AVGs. Outcomes are worse in more severe stenoses, increased patient age, previous interventions and fistulae that develop early stenoses. Major complication rates following angioplasty in dialysis access are between 3 and 5%. Repeat treatments and the use of adjuncts such as drug-coated balloons and stents can prolong the patency of dialysis access.
Level of Evidence No level of evidence (Review paper).
Novel multiferroic nanoparticles Sm1−xHoxFeO3 as a heavy metal Cr6+ ion removal from water
Authors: Arman M. M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNovel multiferroic nanoparticles Sm1−xHoxFeO3 have been prepared using a simple citrate auto-combustion method. According to the X-ray diffraction (XRD) data, the multiferroic samples had an orthorhombic single phase structure. The field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) illustrated that the nanoparticles possessed a cotton-like morphology with a porous nature. The vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) demonstrates the antiferromagnetic (AFM) behavior of the samples. The maximum magnetization (Mm) of Sm0.95Ho0.05FeO3 is five times greater than that of SmFeO3. The ferroelectricity of Sm1−xHoxFeO3 has Г2-spin structure. The antiferromagnetic (AFM) spin canting has a great effect on both the magnetization and the ferroelectricity of the investigated perovskites. Sm1−xHoxFeO3; 0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.10 samples are concluded to be novel single-phase multiferroic materials capable of adsorbing toxic chromium (Cr6+) metal ions from water. A hydrogen potential of pH 6 is the best condition for precipitating chromium ions. The adsorption of Cr6+ ions on Sm1−xHoxFeO3 was studied using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models.
RVE-based grading of truss lattice cores in sandwich panels
Authors: Georges Hussam , Mittelstedt Christian , Becker Wilfried 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAdditive manufacturing enables the fabrication of strut-based lattices that consist of periodic representative volume elements (RVE) and can be used as cores in sandwich panels. Due to the design freedom provided by additive manufacturing, the lattice strut diameter may vary through the lattice. Thus, the diameter distribution can be adapted to the stress variation in the sandwich core to achieve an efficient core design and avoid oversizing the core. Such grading approaches are required when the core is subjected to localized loads, e.g., near support points and load application areas. In this work, an analytical model is derived to determine stresses and deformations in lattice struts of RVE-based graded lattice cores in elastic sandwich panels using homogenization and dehomogenization methods. In contrast to already available models, the analytical model presented in this work allows grading the lattice strut diameter both along the sandwich length and through the core thickness. Furthermore, local stresses in the lattice struts caused by concentrated load application can be captured adequately by the present model. To highlight the benefits of graded cores, the strut stress distribution in graded cores is compared to the stress distribution in homogeneous cores.
Endurance-dependent urinary extracellular vesicle signature: shape, metabolic miRNAs, and purine content distinguish triathletes from inactive people
Authors: Pietrangelo Tiziana , Santangelo Carmen , Bondi Danilo , Cocci Paolo , Piccinelli Raffaela , Piacenza Francesco , Rosato Enrica , Azman S. N. Afifa , Binetti Enrico , Farina Marco , Locatelli Marcello , Brunetti Virgilio , Le Donne Cinzia , Marramiero Lorenzo , Di Filippo Ester Sara , Verratti Vittore , Fulle Stefania , Scollo Valentina , Palermo Francesco 
Published: May 2023

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) enriched with bioactive molecules have gained considerable attention in nanotechnology because they are critical to intercellular communication while maintaining low immunological impact. Among biological matrices, urine has emerged as a noninvasive source of extracellular-contained liquid biopsy, currently of interest as a readout for physiological adaptations. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate chronic adaptations of endurance sport practice in terms of urinary EV parameters and evaluated by food consumption assessment. Two balanced groups of 13 inactive controls vs. triathlon athletes were enrolled; their urinary EVs were obtained by differential ultracentrifugation and analyzed by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron and atomic force microscopy. The cargo was analyzed by means of purine and miRNA content through HPLC-UV and qRT-PCR. Specific urinary EV signatures differentiated inactive versus endurance-trained in terms of peculiar shape. Particularly, a spheroid shape, smaller size, and lower roughness characterize EVs from triathletes. Metabolic and regulatory miRNAs often associated with skeletal muscle (i.e., miR378a-5p, miR27a-3p, miR133a, and miR206) also accounted for a differential signature. These miRNAs and guanosine in urinary EVs can be used as a readout for metabolic status along with the shape and roughness of EVs, novel informative parameters that are rarely considered. The network models allow scholars to entangle nutritional and exercise factors related to EVs’ miRNA and purine content to depict metabolic signatures. All in all, multiplex biophysical and molecular analyses of urinary EVs may serve as promising prospects for research in exercise physiology.
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer: a propensity-score-matched analysis combined with SEER validation
Authors: Wu Jingjing , Huang Mingzhe , Wu Yuanhui , Hong Yisong , Cai Linbin , He Rongzhao , Luo Yanxin , Wang Puning , Huang Meijin , Lin Jinxin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Neoadjuvant therapy followed by radical surgery is recommended for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). But radiotherapy can cause potential adverse effects. The therapeutic outcomes, postoperative survival and relapse rates between neoadjuvant chemotherapy (N-CT) and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (N-CRT) patients have rarely been studied.

Methods
From February 2012 to April 2015, patients with LARC who underwent N-CT or N-CRT followed by radical surgery at our center were included. Pathologic response, surgical outcomes, postoperative complications and survival outcomes (including overall survival [OS], disease-free survival [DFS], cancer-specific survival [CSS] and locoregional recurrence-free survival [LRFS]) were analyzed and compared. Concurrently, the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) database was used to compare OS in an external source.

Results
A total of 256 patients were input into the propensity score-matching (PSM) analysis, and 104 pairs remained after PSM. After PSM, the baseline data were well matched and there was a significantly lower tumor regression grade (TRG) (P < 0.001), more postoperative complications (P = 0.009) (especially anastomotic fistula, P = 0.003) and a longer median hospital stay (P = 0.049) in the N-CRT group than in the N-CT group. No significant difference was observed in OS (P = 0.737), DFS (P = 0.580), CSS (P = 0.920) or LRFS (P = 0.086) between the N-CRT group and the N-CT group. In the SEER database, patients who received N-CT had similar OS in both TNM II (P = 0.315) and TNM III stages (P = 0.090) as those who received N-CRT.

Conclusion
N-CT conferred similar survival benefits but caused fewer complications than N-CRT. Thus, it could be an alternative treatment of LARC.
Patient information, communication and competence empowerment in oncology: Results and learnings from the PIKKO study
Authors: Schneider Nico , Bäcker Anna , Strauss Bernhard , Hübner Jutta , Rubai Sabine , Wagner Steffen , Schwarz-Fedrow Doris , Hager Lutz , Brenk-Franz Katja , Keinki Christian , Brandt Florian , Altmann Uwe 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Many concepts for accompanying and supporting cancer patients exist and have been studied over time. One of them was PIKKO (a German acronym for “Patient information, communication and competence empowerment in oncology”), which combined a patient navigator, socio-legal and psychological counseling (with psychooncologists), courses dealing with various supportive aspects, and a knowledge database with validated and easy-to-understand disease-related information. The aim was to increase the patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL), self-efficacy as well as health literacy and to reduce psychological complaints such as depression and anxiety.

Methods
To this purpose, an intervention group was given full access to the modules in addition to treatment as usual, while a control group received only treatment as usual. Over twelve months, each group was surveyed up to five times. Measurements were taken using the SF12, PHQ-9, GAD, GSE, and HLS-EU-Q47.

Results
No significant differences were found in scores on the mentioned metrics. However, each module was used many times and rated positively by the patients. Further analyses showed a tendency higher score in health literacy with higher intensity of use of the database and higher score in mental HRQoL with higher intensity of use of counseling.

Conclusion
The study was affected by several limitations. A lack of randomization, difficulties in recruiting the control group, a heterogeneous sample, and the COVID-19 lockdown influenced the results. Nevertheless, the results show that the PIKKO support was appreciated by the patients and the lack of measurable effects was rather due to the mentioned limitations than to the PIKKO intervention.

Trial registration
This study was retrospectively registered in the German Clinical Trial Register under DRKS00016703 (21.02.2019, retrospectively registered). https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00016703
Back pain in children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Azevedo Nelson , Ribeiro José Carlos , Machado Leandro 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Back pain is a growing problem worldwide, not only in adults but also in children. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly important to investigate and understand the factors that influence the early onset of back pain. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of back pain in children and adolescents and to identify predisposing risk factors and protective factors.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted between October and December 2019 in schools from northern Portugal, evaluating 1463 students aged 9 to 19 years, of both genders. The instruments used were the Spinal Mouse® to assess posture, the Inbody 230® to assess body composition, an online questionnaire to characterize the sample and back pain, and the FITescola® battery test to access physical fitness.

Results
Half of the subjects experienced back pain at least once in their lifetime. The most frequently mentioned were lumbar spine and thoracic spine, mostly with mild or moderate pain intensities. Age, female gender, percent body fat, prolonged smartphone and computer use, hyperkyphosis, and the lateral global spine tilt to the left side are all factors with higher relative risk of back pain. Practicing physical activity or sports regularly and video games have a protective effect.

Conclusion
The prevalence of back pain in children and adolescents is very high: The study enhances the case for protective factors such as physical activity habits or video games while reinforcing risk factors such as percent body fat, prolonged smartphone or computer use, and posture.
Multiple cranial neuropathy due to varicella zoster virus reactivation without vesicular rash: a challenging diagnosis
Authors: Stornaiuolo Antonio , Iodice Rosa , De Simone Roberto , Russo Cinzia , Rubino Marica , Braca Simone , Miele Angelo , Tozza Stefano , Nolano Maria , Manganelli Fiore 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRamsay Hunt syndrome is due to reactivation of varicella zoster virus (VZV) dormant in the geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve. The diagnosis is typically based on clinical triad of ipsilateral facial paralysis, otalgia, and vesicles in the auditory canal or the auricle. However, Ramsay Hunt syndrome may occur without skin eruption in up to one third of patients. Moreover, the involvement of other cranial nerves in addition to the facial nerve has been also reported. Herein, we reported a case report of a man who developed a multiple cranial neuropathy caused by VZV reactivation without skin vesicular eruption. The present case underlines a possible diagnostic challenge that clinicians may hit when facing a common disorder such as peripheral facial palsy. Indeed, clinicians must be aware that Ramsay Hunt syndrome may develop without skin vesicular eruption as well it may be complicated by multiple cranial nerve involvement. Antiviral therapy is effective in VZV reactivation for recovery of nerve function.
Two putative glutamate decarboxylases of Streptococcus pneumoniae as possible antigens for the production of anti-GAD65 antibodies leading to type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: García Ernesto 
Published: May 2023

AbstractType 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has been increasing in prevalence in the last decades and has become a global burden. Autoantibodies against human glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65) are among the first to be detected at the onset of T1DM. Diverse viruses have been proposed to be involved in the triggering of T1DM because of molecular mimicry, i.e., similarity between parts of some viral proteins and one or more epitopes of GAD65. However, the possibility that bacterial proteins might also be responsible for GAD65 mimicry has been seldom investigated. To date, many genomes of Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus), a prominent human pathogen particularly prevalent among children and the elderly, have been sequenced. A dataset of more than 9000 pneumococcal genomes was mined and two different (albeit related) genes (gadA and gadB), presumably encoding two glutamate decarboxylases similar to GAD65, were found. The various gadASpn alleles were present only in serotype 3 pneumococci belonging to the global lineage GPSC83, although some homologs have also been discovered in two subspecies of Streptococcus constellatus (pharyngis and viborgensis), an isolate of the group B streptococci, and several strains of Lactobacillus delbrueckii. Besides, gadBSpn alleles are present in > 10% of the isolates in our dataset and represent 16 GPSCs with 123 sequence types and 20 different serotypes. Sequence analyses indicated that gadA- and gadB-like genes have been mobilized among different bacteria either by prophage(s) or by integrative and conjugative element(s), respectively. Substantial similarities appear to exist between the putative pneumococcal glutamate decarboxylases and well-known epitopes of GAD65. In this sense, the use of broader pneumococcal conjugate vaccines such as PCV20 would prevent the majority of serotypes expressing those genes that might potentially contribute to T1DM. These results deserve upcoming studies on the possible involvement of S. pneumoniae in the etiopathogenesis and clinical onset of T1DM.
The age and potential causes of the giant Green Lake Landslide, Fiordland, New Zealand
Authors: Eaves Shaun R. , McColl Samuel T. , Tielidze Levan G. , Norton Kevin P. , Hopkins Jenni L. , Hidy Alan J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLandslide deposits preserved in the geological record afford opportunities to better inform hillslope and seismic hazard and risk models, particularly in regions where observational records are short. In the Southern Alps of New Zealand, small coseismic landslides are frequent, but the geological record preserves several instances of more substantial (> 1 km3) but infrequent mass failures. With an estimated volume of 27 km3, the giant Green Lake Landslide represents one of the largest subaerial landslides on Earth. Previous work has suggested this deep-seated mass movement was most likely triggered by high-intensity seismic shaking, but that local structural weakness and/or glacial debuttressing may help to explain the anomalously large failure volume. Resolving the potential contribution of the latter is important given predictions concerning alpine deglaciation in the coming decades to centuries. Key to resolution are secure chronologies of landslide emplacement and past glacier change. Here we present in situ cosmogenic 10Be exposure ages from the Green Lake Landslide that suggest an emplacement age of 15.5 ± 0.7 ka. Recent work shows that glacial retreat in the region was underway by 19 ka, indicating that the Green Lake Landslide was emplaced 3–4 kyr after the onset of glacier retreat. Given the geometry of the former confining valley glacier, we expect that the deglaciation-landslide age gap is closer to the upper end of this estimate. If correct, this conclusion places greater weight on the roles of local geological structure and/or a great earthquake as factors contributing to the exceptionally large volume of this event.