bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanostructured Silicon Matrix for Materials Engineering
Authors: Liu Poting , Schleusener Alexander , Zieger Gabriel , Bochmann Arne , van Spronsen Matthijs A. , Sivakov Vladimir 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTin‐containing layers with different degrees of oxidation are uniformly distributed along the length of silicon nanowires formed by a top‐down method by applying metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The electronic and atomic structure of the obtained layers is investigated by applying nondestructive surface‐sensitive X‐ray absorption near edge spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation. The results demonstrated, for the first time, a distribution effect of the tin‐containing phases in the nanostructured silicon matrix compared to the results obtained for planar structures at the same deposition temperatures. The amount and distribution of tin‐containing phases can be effectively varied and controlled by adjusting the geometric parameters (pore diameter and length) of the initial matrix of nanostructured silicon. Due to the occurrence of intense interactions between precursor molecules and decomposition by‐products in the nanocapillary, as a consequence of random thermal motion of molecules in the nanocapillary, which leads to additional kinetic energy and formation of reducing agents, resulting in effective reduction of tin‐based compounds to a metallic tin state for molecules with the highest penetration depth in the nanostructured silicon matrix. This effect will enable clear control of the phase distributions of functional materials in 3D matrices for a wide range of applications.
Probing Bidirectional Plasmon‐Plasmon Coupling‐Induced Hot Charge Carriers in Dual Plasmonic Au/CuS Nanocrystals
Authors: Bessel Patrick , Niebur André , Kranz Daniel , Lauth Jannika , Dorfs Dirk 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHeterostructured Au/CuS nanocrystals (NCs) exhibit localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) centered at two different wavelengths (551 and 1051 nm) with a slight broadening compared to respective homostructured Au and CuS NC spectra. By applying ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy we show that a resonant excitation at the respective LSPR maxima of the heterostructured Au/CuS NCs leads to the characteristic hot charge carrier relaxation associated with both LSPRs in both cases. A comparison of the dual plasmonic heterostructure with a colloidal mixture of homostructured Au and CuS NCs shows that the coupled dual plasmonic interaction is only active in the heterostructured Au/CuS NCs. By investigating the charge carrier dynamics of the process, we find that the observed interaction is faster than phononic or thermal processes (< 100 fs). The relaxation of the generated hot charge carriers is faster for heterostructured nanocrystals and indicates that the interaction occurs as an energy transfer (we propose Landau damping or interaction via LSPR beat oscillations as possible mechanisms) or charge carrier transfer between both materials. Our results strengthen the understanding of multiplasmonic interactions in heterostructured Au/CuS NCs and will significantly advance applications where these interactions are essential, such as catalytic reactions.
Terminal Group‐Oriented Self‐Assembly to Controllably Synthesize a Layer‐by‐Layer SnSe2 and MXene Heterostructure for Ultrastable Lithium Storage
Authors: Kong Xianglong , Zhao Xiaohan , Li Chen , Jia Zhuoming , Yang Chengkai , Wu Zhuoyan , Zhao Xudong , Zhao Ying , He Fei , Ren Yueming , Yang Piaoping , Liu Zhiliang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHeterostructured materials integrate the advantages of adjustable electronic structure, fast electron/ions transfer kinetics, and robust architectures, which have attracted considerable interest in the fields of rechargeable batteries, photo/electrocatalysis, and supercapacitors. However, the construction of heterostructures still faces some severe problems, such as inferior random packing of components and serious agglomeration. Herein, a terminal group‐oriented self‐assembly strategy to controllably synthesize a homogeneous layer‐by‐layer SnSe2 and MXene heterostructure (LBL‐SnSe2@MXene) is designed. Benefitting from the abundant polar terminal groups on the MXene surface, Sn2+ is induced into the interlayer of MXene with large interlayer spacing, which is selenized in situ to obtain LBL‐SnSe2@MXene. In the heterostructure, SnSe2 layers and MXene layers are uniformly intercalated in each other, superior to other heterostructures formed by random stacking. As an anode for lithium‐ion batteries, the LBL‐SnSe2@MXene is revealed to possess strong lithium adsorption ability, the small activation energy for lithium diffusion, and excellent structure stability, thus achieving outstanding electrochemical performance, especially with high specific capacities (1311 and 839 mAh g−1 for initial discharge and charge respectively) and ultralong cycling stability (410 mAh g−1 at 5C even after 16 000 cycles). This work conveys an inspiration for the controllable design and construction of homogeneous layered heterostructures.
Light Field‐Enhanced Single‐Site Cu Electrocatalyst for Nitrogen Fixation
Authors: Zhao Zhi‐Qiang , Li Kai , Liu Jia , Mao Jun‐Jie , Lin Yu‐Qing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDirect electrocatalytic reduction of N2 to NH3 under mild conditions is attracting considerable interests but still remains enormous challenges in terms of respect of intrinsic catalytic activity and limited electrocatalytic efficiency. Herein, a photo‐enhanced strategy is developed to improve the NRR activity on Cu single atoms catalysts. The atomically dispersed Cu single atoms supported TiO2 nanosheets (Cu SAs/TiO2) achieve a Faradaic Efficiency (12.88%) and NH3 yield rate (6.26 µg h−1 mgcat−1) at −0.05 V versus RHE under the light irradiation field, in which NH3 yield rate is fivefold higher than that under pure electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) process and is remarkably superior in comparison to most of the similar type electrocatalysts. The existence of external light field improves electron transfer ability between CuO and TiO, and thus optimizes the accumulation of surface charges on Cu sites, endowing more electrons involved in nitrogen fixation. This work reveals an atomic‐scale mechanistic understanding of field effect‐enhanced electrochemical performance of catalysts and it provides predictive guidelines for the rational design of photo‐enhanced electrochemical N2 reduction catalysts.
Multiple Stimuli‐Response Polychromatic Carbon Dots for Advanced Information Encryption and Safety
Authors: Wu Youfusheng , Chen Xiao , Wu Wei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOptical information encryption and safety have aroused great attention since they are closely correlated to data protection and information safety. The development of multiple stimuli‐response optical materials for constructing large‐capacity information encryption and safety is very important for practical applications. Carbon dots (CDs) have many gratifying merits, such as polychromatic emission, diverse luminous categories, and stable physicochemical properties, and are considered as one of the most ideal candidates for information protection. Herein, carbon core, functional groups, solvents, and other crucial factors are reviewed for outputting polychromatic emission of multiple luminous categories. In particular, substrate engineering strategies have been emphasized for their critical role in yielding excellent optical features of multiple luminous categories. High‐capacity information encryption and safety strategies are reviewed by relying on the rich optical properties of CDs, such as polychromatic emission, multiple luminous categories of fluorescence, afterglow, and upconversion, as well as external‐stimuli‐assisted optical changes. Some perspectives for preparing excellent CDs and further developing information security strategies are proposed. This review provides a good reference for the manipulation of polychromatic CDs and the development of next‐generation information encryption and safety.
Morphological Control Over Gel Structures of Mixed Semiconductor‐Metal Nanoparticle Gel Networks with Multivalent Cations
Authors: Rosebrock Marina , Zámbó Dániel , Rusch Pascal , Graf Rebecca T. , Pluta Denis , Borg Hadir , Dorfs Dirk , Bigall Nadja C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this work, the influence of two different types of cations on the gel formation and structure of mixed gel networks comprised of semiconductor (namely CdSe/CdS nanorods NR) and Au nanoparticles (NP) as well as on the respective monocomponent gels is investigated. Heteroassemblies built from colloidal building blocks are usually prepared by ligand removal or cross‐linking, thus, both the surface chemistry and the destabilising agent play an essential role in the gelation process. Due to the diversity of the composition, morphology, and optical properties of the nanoparticles, a versatile route to fabricate functional heteroassemblies is of great demand. In the present work, the optics, morphology, and gelation mechanism of pure semiconductor and noble metal as well as their mixed nanoparticle gel networks are revealed. The influence of the gelation agents (bivalent and trivalent cations) on the structure‐property correlation is elucidated by photoluminescence, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electron microscopy measurements. The selection of cations drastically influences the nano‐ and microstructure of the prepared gel network structures driven by the affinity of the cations to the ligands and the nanoparticle surface. This gelation technique provides a new platform to control the formation of porous assemblies based on semiconductor and metal nanoparticles.
Microfluidics‐based molecular profiling of tumor‐derived exosomes for liquid biopsy
Authors: Wang Yuqing , Wang Shurong , Li Lanting , Zou Yan , Liu Baohong , Fang Xiaoni 
Published: January 2023

AbstractExosomes are extracellular vesicles that actively secreted by most live cells via endosome pathway. They distribute ubiquitously in body fluids and play important roles in physiological and pathological processes. Recent studies have revealed that exosomes carry cell‐specific cargoes, such as proteins and nucleic acids, which have been recognized as emerging noninvasive biomarkers in liquid biopsy. Therefore, the molecular profiling of tumor‐derived exosomes is crucial in facilitating the discovery of cancer‐related biomarkers. Recently, various techniques have been proposed for sensitive, accurate, and rapid molecular characterization of these small vesicles. To meet the growing demands for multiplexed detection, microfluidics has been integrated with diverse traditional analytical methods as powerful components for exosomes analysis. Taking advantages of their inherent merits of great sensitivity, high analysis performance and system integration, short analysis time, low cost, small volume of sample, improved potential for control, automation, and disposability, microfluidic systems have significantly improved the molecular profiling of exosomes. In this review, we summarized the most recent progresses in microfluidic technologies for molecular profiling of tumor‐derived exosomes, including proteins, nucleic acids, metabolites, lipids. Furthermore, we discussed the major challenges and offered a perspective of the microfluidic strategy‐based exosomal biomarkers discovery. We expected that the in‐depth summary of microfluidic devices–assisted analysis of exosomes will greatly facilitate the discovery of biomarkers, thereby realizing highly efficient and accurate diagnosis, and prediction of cancers. Moreover, in view of the significance of this interesting approach in exosomes‐based liquid biopsy, this review will contribute to the translation of microfluidic technology into clinical applications.
Epidemic of lumpy skin disease in Pakistan
Authors: Khatri Govinda , Rai Aneesh , Aashish  , Shahzaib  , Hyder Saqlain , Priya  , Hasan Mohammad Mehedi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLumpy skin disease (LSD) is a viral disease that affects farm animals including water buffalo. It is caused by the contagious LSD virus, a member of the Poxiviridae family's Capripox genus. Skin sores are thought to be the most common site of infection since the virus may live for lengthy periods in lesions or scabs. The first clinical indications of LSD were described in Zambia, in 1929. Pakistan has also been afflicted by LSD, with a high number of animals infected at many cattle ranches in Karachi, 190,000 cases of LSD have been reported nationwide, with greater than 7500 deaths attributable to the illness. LSD has a huge influence on Pakistan's economic status, resulting in the loss of cattle and a decrease in milk output. The Ministry of Research and National Food Safety in Pakistan has formed a working group to create a framework for controlling the spread of LSD in cattle and buffalo. Official and private veterinarians, both field and slaughterhouse, veterinary students, farmers, cattle merchants, cattle truck drivers, and artificial inseminators should all participate in awareness efforts.
Unconditionally convergent numerical method for the fractional activator–inhibitor system with anomalous diffusion
Authors: Zheng Rumeng , Zhang Hui 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a novel numerical scheme is proposed to numerically solve the fractional activator–inhibitor system, which is a coupled two‐dimensional nonlinear model. In the temporal direction, we employ the Grünwald–Letnikov formula, in spatial direction, the Legendre spectral method is used. In terms of the error splitting argument technique, an optimal error estimate of the numerical scheme is obtained without any time‐step size conditions, while the usual analysis for high‐dimensional nonlinear fractional problems always required certain time‐step restrictions dependent on the spatial mesh size. Some numerical results are given to justify the theoretical analysis.
Numerical solution and statistical analysis of the unsteady hybrid ferrofluid flow with heat generation subject to a rotating disk
Authors: Khashi'ie Najiyah Safwa , Waini Iskandar , Hamzah Khairum Bin , Mukhtar Mohd Fariduddin , Kasim Abdul Rahman Mohd , Arifin Norihan Md , Pop Ioan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe goal of this study is to examine the significant parameter of unsteady Fe3O4‐CoFe2O4/H2O with heat generation flowing on a rotating disk using numerical and statistical approaches. The mathematical model respected to time‐dependent is first transformed into a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by using similarity variables. The computation is done by employing bvp4c method utilizing MATLAB software. The validation of present model and the output is done by direct comparison with the established report in literature and found to be in a very good agreement. It is worth to mention the presence computation produces up to third solutions. The variations of skin friction coefficient for radial and azimuthal directions including Nusselt number for different value of magnetic parameter, suction parameter, and heat generation parameter are plotted graphically. A Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is applied to scrutinize the physical parameters that affect the response functions under a given set of assumptions. It is revealed the values of skin friction coefficients significantly affected by the magnetic and suction parameters whereas the values of thermal rate are influenced by magnetic, suction, and heat generation parameters.
Room temperature enhancement of flexural strength in silicon carbide green body via the addition of cellulose nanofiber
Authors: Kanno Teruyoshi , Kurita Hiroki , Narita Fumio 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSilicon carbide (SiC) green bodies fabricated using robocasting were strengthened by incorporating cellulose nanofiber (CNF) into a SiC slurry and just drying at room temperature. The measured flexural strength of a SiC green body modified via the CNF with a liquid phase weight ratio (water-to-CNF slurry) of 80:20 was 813 ± 37 kPa, 1.5 times larger than the strength of an unmodified green body. The strength was improved due to the increased number of hydrogen-bonding sites between the raw particles and CNF. After annealing at 250 °C, the lowering of the flexural strength indicated the occurrence of the bonding sites via water that was trapped on the CNF. The addition of CNF increased the viscosity and yield stress of the SiC slurry, which remained in the Bingham pseudoplastic behavior regardless of the CNF used. Moreover, this addition showed no effect on the relative densities, microstructures, and crystalline phases of the sintered SiC body. Therefore, the addition of CNF to the SiC slurry aided in handling the green body during processing and showed no detrimental effects on robocasting.
The impact of extended reality on surgery: a scoping review
Authors: Zhang James , Lu Victor , Khanduja Vikas 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Extended reality (XR) is defined as a spectrum of technologies that range from purely virtual environments to enhanced real-world environments. In the past two decades, XR-assisted surgery has seen an increase in its use and also in research and development. This scoping review aims to map out the historical trends in these technologies and their future prospects, with an emphasis on the reported outcomes and ethical considerations on the use of these technologies.

Methods
A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Embase for literature related to XR-assisted surgery and telesurgery was performed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. Primary studies, peer-reviewed articles that described procedures performed by surgeons on human subjects and cadavers, as well as studies describing general surgical education, were included. Non-surgical procedures, bedside procedures, veterinary procedures, procedures performed by medical students, and review articles were excluded.
Studies were classified into the following categories: impact on surgery (pre-operative planning and intra-operative navigation/guidance), impact on the patient (pain and anxiety), and impact on the surgeon (surgical training and surgeon confidence).

Results
One hundred and sixty-eight studies were included for analysis. Thirty-one studies investigated the use of XR for pre-operative planning concluded that virtual reality (VR) enhanced the surgeon’s spatial awareness of important anatomical landmarks. This leads to shorter operating sessions and decreases surgical insult. Forty-nine studies explored the use of XR for intra-operative planning. They noted that augmented reality (AR) headsets highlight key landmarks, as well as important structures to avoid, which lowers the chance of accidental surgical trauma. Eleven studies investigated patients’ pain and noted that VR is able to generate a meditative state. This is beneficial for patients, as it reduces the need for analgesics. Ten studies commented on patient anxiety, suggesting that VR is unsuccessful at altering patients’ physiological parameters such as mean arterial blood pressure or cortisol levels. Sixty studies investigated surgical training whilst seven studies suggested that the use of XR-assisted technology increased surgeon confidence.

Conclusion
The growth of XR-assisted surgery is driven by advances in hardware and software. Whilst augmented virtuality and mixed reality are underexplored, the use of VR is growing especially in the fields of surgical training and pre-operative planning. Real-time intra-operative guidance is key for surgical precision, which is being supplemented with AR technology. XR-assisted surgery is likely to undertake a greater role in the near future, given the effect of COVID-19 limiting physical presence and the increasing complexity of surgical procedures.
Exploratory behaviour divergence between surface populations, cave colonists and a cave population in the water louse, Asellus aquaticus
Authors: Horváth Gergely , Kerekes Kata , Nyitrai Viktória , Balázs Gergely , Berisha Hajriz , Herczeg Gábor 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Behaviour is considered among the most important factors in colonising new
habitats. While population divergence in behaviour is well-documented, intraspecific
variation in exploratory behaviour in species with populations successfully colonising and
adapting to extreme (compared to the ‘typical’) habitats is less understood. Here, by studying
surface- vs. cave-adapted populations of water louse (Asellus aquaticus), we tested whether (i)
adaptation to the special, ecologically isolated cave habitat includes a decrease in
explorativeness and (ii) recent, surface-type cave colonists are more explorative than their
surface conspecifics from the source population. We repeatedly tested dispersal related novel
area exploration and dispersal speed in both the presence and absence of light. We found that
surface populations showed higher behavioural activity in dark than in light, and they were
more explorative and dispersed faster than their cave conspecifics. Recent colonists showed a
trend of higher dispersal speed compared to their source surface population. We suggest that
extreme and isolated habitats like caves might work as ‘dispersal traps’ following successful
colonisation, because adaptation to these habitats includes the reduction of explorativeness.
Furthermore, we suggest that individuals with higher explorativeness are likely to
colonise markedly new environments. Finally, we provide experimental evidence about
surface A. aquaticus moving more in dark than in light.

Significance statement
Environmental conditions in caves are differing drastically from those of the surface. Consequently, animals colonising subterranean habitats are subject to different selective forces than those experienced by the ancestral surface-living population. Behaviour is believed to be a key factor in successful colonisation to novel habitats; however, intraspecific behavioural variation in species with both surface- and cave-adapted populations is less known. Here, we compared dispersal related novel area exploration and dispersal speed across surface and cave-adapted populations of the freshwater crustacean Asellus aquaticus. Our results show that cave-adapted A. aquaticus are significantly less explorative and disperse slower than surface-type populations, indicating that caves may act as ‘dispersal traps’, where adaptation includes the loss of explorativeness. Also, recent cave colonists show a trend to be faster dispersers than peers from the surface source population, suggesting that individuals with higher explorativeness are likely to colonise markedly different new environments.