bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retirement and cardiovascular disease: a longitudinal study in 35 countries
Authors: Sato Koryu , Noguchi Haruko , Inoue Kosuke , Kawachi Ichiro , Kondo Naoki 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Many countries have been increasing their state pension age (SPA); nonetheless, there is little consensus on whether retirement affects the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study examined the associations of retirement with CVD and risk factors.

Methods
We used harmonized longitudinal datasets from the Health and Retirement Study and its sister surveys in 35 countries. Data comprised 396 904 observations from 106 927 unique individuals aged 50–70 years, with a mean follow-up period of 6.7 years. Fixed-effects instrumental variable regressions were performed using the SPA as an instrument.

Results
We found a 2.2%-point decrease in the risk of heart disease [coefficient = -0.022 (95% confidence interval: -0.031 to -0.012)] and a 3.0%-point decrease in physical inactivity [-0.030 (-0.049 to -0.010)] among retirees, compared with workers. In both sexes, retirement was associated with a decreased heart disease risk, whereas decreased smoking was observed only among women. People with high educational levels showed associations between retirement and decreased risks of stroke, obesity and physical inactivity. People who retired from non-physical labour exhibited reduced risks of heart disease, obesity and physical inactivity, whereas those who retired from physical labour indicated an increased risk of obesity.

Conclusions
Retirement was associated with a reduced risk of heart disease on average. Some associations of retirement with CVD and risk factors appeared heterogeneous by individual characteristics.
Chemical reaction and activation energy on heat and mass transfer for convective flow along an inclined surface in Darcy porous medium with Soret and Dufour effects
Authors: Huang J S 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study investigated the heat and mass that are transferred when a fluid undergoes convective flow along an inclined plate through a porous medium and also considered the corresponding chemical reaction and activation energy. The influences of the variable viscosity, mixed convection intensity, inclination angle, thermal radiation, magnetic field, internal heat source, activation energy, chemical reaction and Soret and Dufour effects for fluid flowing through a Darcy porous medium are all discussed. Numerical techniques, namely Runge–Kutta integration and the shooting method, were applied to obtain solutions to similarity-transformed equations governing continuity, momentum, energy and concentration. The study examined the distributions of flow velocity, temperature and concentration under the interactive effects of the fluid. The results revealed that the activation energy of the Arrhenius equation plays an important role in fluid transport mechanisms within a chemically reactive system involving the Soret and Dufour effects for a low-Schmidt-number fluid. When the activation energy parameter E was greater within the range 0 &lt; E &lt; 5, the wall shear stress was stronger, heat transfer rate increased, and mass transfer rate decreased.
Synthetic developmental biology: molecular tools to re-design plant shoots and roots
Authors: Kocaoglan Elif Gediz , Radhakrishnan Dhanya , Nakayama Naomi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Plant morphology and anatomy strongly influence agricultural yield. Crop domestication has strived for desirable growth and developmental traits, such as larger and more fruits and semi-dwarf architecture. Genetic engineering has accelerated rational, purpose-driven engineering of plant development, but it can be unpredictable. Developmental pathways are complex and riddled with environmental and hormonal inputs, as well as feedback and feedforward interactions, which occur at specific times and places in a growing multicellular organism. Rational modification of plant development would probably benefit from precision engineering based on synthetic biology approaches. This review outlines recently developed synthetic biology technologies for plant systems and highlights their potential for engineering plant growth and development. Streamlined and high-capacity genetic construction methods (Golden Gate DNA Assembly frameworks and toolkits) allow fast and variation-series cloning of multigene transgene constructs. This, together with a suite of gene regulation tools (e.g. cell type-specific promoters, logic gates, and multiplex regulation systems), is starting to enable developmental pathway engineering with predictable outcomes in model plant and crop species.
Signatures of wakefield acceleration in astrophysical jets via gamma-rays and UHECRs
Authors: Huxtable Gregory B , Eltawil Noor , Feng Wei-Xiang , Player Gabriel , Wang Wenhao , Tajima Toshiki , Ebisuzaki Toshikazu 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
We present six case studies from a comprehensive mass range (1–109 M⊙) of astrophysical objects, each of which possess jets, emit high-energy gamma radiation and in some instances spatially identifiable ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). All sources are strong candidates for UHECR emission, if not already known to emit them. We surmise that wakefield acceleration in conjunction with the magnetorotational instability of the accretion disc explains both structural properties of the jets and details in their emission signals, such as correlations in neutrino and gamma-ray bursts, and in the case of blazars, anticorrelations in flux and spectral index. Furthermore, our model predicts an upper bound for the energy of UHECRs emitted from a source given the mass of its central compact object and total jet luminosity. To provide context for our model predictions, we quantitatively compare them with observational data, however, we have not accounted for the GZK limit and assumed universal values for several model parameters (e.g. jet-spreading index, p) that likely differ between sources. Since the accretion and acceleration mechanisms are independent of mass, aside from determining maximum values, blazars (∼109 M⊙), radio galaxies ($\sim 10^8\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$ ), Seyfert galaxies ($\sim 10^6 \, {\rm M}_{\odot }$ ), starburst galaxies ($\sim 10^{3}\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$ ), even microquasars (1–10 M⊙) interestingly exhibit the same physics. Other radiation bands, such as X-ray, ultraviolet, or radio, may harbour additional information, but we chose not to focus on them for brevity. However, such an endeavour may open the door to a new multimessenger approach for understanding these objects.
An X-ray spectroscopy study of structural stability of superhydrogenated pyrene derivatives
Authors: Huo Yining , Espinoza Cangahuala Mónica K , Zamudio-Bayer Vicente , Goulart Marcelo , Kubin Markus , Timm Martin , Lau J Tobias , von Issendorff Bernd , Hoekstra Ronnie , Faraji Shirin , Schlathölter Thomas 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
The stability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) upon soft X-ray absorption is of crucial relevance for PAH survival in X-ray dominated regions. PAH stability depends on molecular size but also on the degree of hydrogenation that is related to H2 formation in the interstellar medium. In this project, we intend to reveal the changes of electronic structure caused by hydrogenation and the impact of hydrogenation on the stability of the carbon backbone for cationic pyrene and its hydrogenated derivatives by analysis of near C K-edge soft X-ray photoions. In our experiments, the PAH cations were trapped in a cryogenic radiofrequency linear ion trap and exposed to monochromatic X-rays with energies from 279 to 300 eV. The photoproducts were mass-analysed by means of time-of-flight spectroscopy. Partial ion yields were then studied as a function of photon energy. X-ray absorption spectra computed by time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) aided the interpretation of the experimental results. A very good agreement between experimental data and TD-DFT with short-range corrected functionals for all PAH ions was reached. The near-edge X-ray absorption mass spectra exhibit clear peaks due to C 1s transitions to singly occupied molecular orbitals and to low-lying unoccupied molecular orbitals. In contrast to coronene cations, where hydrogen attachment drastically increases photostability of coronene, the influence of hydrogenation on photostability is substantially weaker for pyrene cations. Here, hydrogen attachment even destabilizes the molecular structure. An astrophysical model describes the half-life of PAH ions in interstellar environments.
Bimodal star formation in simulations of strongly magnetized giant molecular clouds
Authors: Hix Ronan , He Chong-Chong , Ricotti Massimo 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
We present the results of a set of radiation magnetohydrodynamic simulations of turbulent molecular clouds in which we vary the initial strength of the magnetic field within a range (1 ≲ μ ≲ 5) consistent with observations of local giant molecular clouds (GMCs). We find that as we increase the strength of the magnetic field, star formation transitions from unimodal (the baseline case, μ = 5, with a single burst of star formation and Salpeter IMF) to bimodal. This effect is clearest in the most strongly magnetized GMC (μ = 1): a first burst of star formation with duration, intensity, and IMF comparable to the baseline case, is followed by a second star formation episode in which only low-mass stars are formed. Overall, due to the second burst of star formation, the strongly magnetized case results in a longer star formation period and a higher efficiency of star formation. The second burst is produced by gas that is not expelled by radiative feedback, instead remains trapped in the GMC by the large-scale B-field, producing a nearly one-dimensional flow of gas along the field lines. The trapped gas has a turbulent and magnetic topology that differs from that of the first phase and strongly suppresses gas accretion onto protostellar cores, reducing their masses. We speculate that this star formation bimodality may be an important ingredient to understand the origin of multiple stellar populations observed in massive globular clusters.
Local Group dwarf galaxy detection limit in the CSST survey
Authors: Qu Han , Yuan Zhen , Doliva-Dolinsky Amandine , Martin Nicolas F , Kang Xi , Wei Chengliang , Li Guoliang , Luo Yu , Chang Jiang , Tsai Chaowei , Fan Zhou , Ibata Rodrigo 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
We predict the dwarf galaxy detection limits for the upcoming Chinese Space Station Telescope (CSST) survey that will cover 17 500 ${\rm \, deg}^{2}$ of the sky with a wide field of view of 1.1 deg2. The point-source depth reaches 26.3 mag in the g band and 25.9 mag in the i band. Constructing mock survey data based on the designed photometric bands, we estimate the recovery rate of artificial dwarf galaxies from mock point-source photometric catalogues. The detection of these artificial dwarf galaxies is strongly dependent on their distance, magnitude, and size, in agreement with searches in current surveys. We expect CSST to enable the detection of dwarf galaxies with MV = −3.0 and μ250 = 32.0 mag arcsec−2 (surface brightness limit for a system of half-light radius rh = 250 ${\rm \, pc}$) at $400 {\rm \, kpc}$, and MV = −4.9 and μ250 = 30.5 mag arcsec−2 around the Andromeda galaxy. Beyond the Local Group, the CSST survey will achieve MV = −5.8, and μ250 = 29.7 mag arcsec−2 in the distance range of 1–2 Mpc, opening up an exciting discovery space for faint field dwarf galaxies. With its optical bands, wide survey footprint, and space resolution, CSST will undoubtedly expand our knowledge of low-mass dwarf galaxies to an unprecedented volume.
Satellites of Milky Way- and M31-like galaxies with TNG50: quenched fractions, gas content, and star formation histories
Authors: Engler Christoph , Pillepich Annalisa , Joshi Gandhali D , Pasquali Anna , Nelson Dylan , Grebel Eva K 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
We analyse the quenched fractions, gas content, and star formation histories of ∼1200 satellite galaxies with M* ≥ 5 × 106 M⊙ around 198 Milky Way- (MW) and Andromeda-like (M31) hosts in TNG50, the highest-resolution simulation of IllustrisTNG. Satellite quenched fractions are larger for smaller masses, for smaller distances to their host galaxy, and in the more massive M31-like compared to MW-like hosts. As satellites cross their host’s virial radius, their gas content drops: Most satellites within 300 kpc lack detectable gas reservoirs at z = 0, unless they are massive like the Magellanic Clouds and M32. Nevertheless, their stellar assembly exhibits a large degree of diversity. On average, the cumulative star formation histories are more extended for brighter, more massive satellites with a later infall, and for those in less massive hosts. Based on these relationships, we can even infer infall periods for observed MW and M31 dwarfs, e.g. 0–4 Gyr ago for the Magellanic Clouds and Leo I, and 4–8 and 0–2 Gyr ago for M32 and IC 10, respectively. Ram pressure stripping (in combination with tidal stripping) deprives TNG50 satellites of their gas reservoirs and ultimately quenches their star formation, even though only a few per cent of the present-day satellites around the 198 TNG50 MW/M31-like hosts appear as jellyfish. The typical time since quenching for currently quenched TNG50 satellites is $6.9\substack{+2.5\\-3.3}$ Gyr ago. The TNG50 results are consistent with the quenched fractions and stellar assembly of observed MW and M31 satellites, however, satellites of the SAGA survey with M* ∼ 108–109 M⊙ exhibit lower quenched fractions than TNG50 and other, observed analogues.
The spatial correlation of high-mass X-ray binaries and young star clusters in nearby star-forming galaxies
Authors: Binder Breanna A , Anderson Ashley K , Garofali Kristen , Lazzarini Margaret , Williams Benjamin F 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
We present an analysis of the two-point spatial correlation functions of high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB) and young star cluster (YSC) populations in M31 and M33. We find evidence that HMXBs are spatially correlated with YSCs to a higher degree than would be expected from random chance in both galaxies. When supplemented with similar studies in the Milky Way, Small Magellanic Cloud, and NGC 4449, we find that the peak value of the spatial correlation function correlates strongly with the specific star formation rate of the host galaxy. We additionally perform an X-ray stacking analysis of 211 non-X-ray detected YSCs in M31 and 463 YSCs in M33. We do not detect excess X-ray emission at the stacked cluster locations down to 3σ upper limits of ∼1033 erg s−1 (0.35–8 keV) in both galaxies, which strongly suggests that dynamical formation within YSCs is not a major HMXB formation channel. We interpret our results in the context of (1) the recent star formation histories of the galaxies, which may produce differences in the demographics of compact objects powering the HMXBs, and (2) the differences in natal kicks experienced by compact objects during formation, which can eject newly formed HMXBs from their birth clusters.
Hydrodynamical structure formation in Milgromian cosmology
Authors: Wittenburg Nils , Kroupa Pavel , Banik Indranil , Candlish Graeme , Samaras Nick 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
We present the first hydrodynamical cosmological simulations in the νHDM framework based on Milgromian dynamics (MOND) with light (11 eV) sterile neutrinos. νHDM can explain the expansion history, CMB anisotropies, and galaxy cluster dynamics similarly to standard cosmology while preserving MOND’s successes on galaxy scales, making this the most conservative Milgromian framework. We generate initial conditions including sterile neutrinos using camb and music and modify the publicly available code phantom of ramses to run νHDM models. The simulations start at redshift $z_e$ = 199, when the gravitational fields are stronger than $a_{_0}$ provided this does not vary. We analyse the growth of structure and investigate the impact of resolution and box size, which is at most 600 comoving Mpc. Large density contrasts arise at late times, which may explain the KBC void and Hubble tension. We quantify the mass function of formed structures at different redshifts. We show that the sterile neutrino mass fraction in these structures is similar to the cosmic fraction at high masses (consistent with MOND dynamical analyses) but approaches zero at lower masses, as expected for galaxies. We also identify structures with a low peculiar velocity comparable to the Local Group, but these are rare. The onset of group/cluster-scale structure formation at $z_e$ ≈ 4 appears to be in tension with observations of high redshift galaxies, which we discuss in comparison to prior analytical work in a MONDian framework. The formation of a cosmic web of filaments and voids demonstrates that this is not unique to standard Einstein/Newton-based cosmology.
SKA Science Data Challenge 2: analysis and results
Authors: Hartley P , Bonaldi A , Braun R , Aditya J N H S , Aicardi S , Alegre L , Chakraborty A , Chen X , Choudhuri S , Clarke A O , Coles J , Collinson J S , Cornu D , Darriba L , Veneri M Delli , Forbrich J , Fraga B , Galan A , Garrido J , Gubanov F , Håkansson H , Hardcastle M J , Heneka C , Herranz D , Hess K M , Jagannath M , Jaiswal S , Jurek R J , Korber D , Kitaeff S , Kleiner D , Lao B , Lu X , Mazumder A , Moldón J , Mondal R , Ni S , Önnheim M , Parra M , Patra N , Peel A , Salomé P , Sánchez-Expósito S , Sargent M , Semelin B , Serra P , Shaw A K , Shen A X , Sjöberg A , Smith L , Soroka A , Stolyarov V , Tolley E , Toribio M C , van der Hulst J M , Sadr A Vafaei , Verdes-Montenegro L , Westmeier T , Yu K , Yu L , Zhang L , Zhang X , Zhang Y , Alberdi A , Ashdown M , Bom C R , Brüggen M , Cannon J , Chen R , Combes F , Conway J , Courbin F , Ding J , Fourestey G , Freundlich J , Gao L , Gheller C , Guo Q , Gustavsson E , Jirstrand M , Jones M G , Józsa G , Kamphuis P , Kneib J-P , Lindqvist M , Liu B , Liu Y , Mao Y , Marchal A , Márquez I , Meshcheryakov A , Olberg M , Oozeer N , Pandey-Pommier M , Pei W , Peng B , Sabater J , Sorgho A , Starck J L , Tasse C , Wang A , Wang Y , Xi H , Yang X , Zhang H , Zhang J , Zhao M , Zuo S 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
The Square Kilometre Array Observatory (SKAO) will explore the radio sky to new depths in order to conduct transformational science. SKAO data products made available to astronomers will be correspondingly large and complex, requiring the application of advanced analysis techniques to extract key science findings. To this end, SKAO is conducting a series of Science Data Challenges, each designed to familiarize the scientific community with SKAO data and to drive the development of new analysis techniques. We present the results from Science Data Challenge 2 (SDC2), which invited participants to find and characterize 233 245 neutral hydrogen (H i) sources in a simulated data product representing a 2000 h SKA-Mid spectral line observation from redshifts 0.25–0.5. Through the generous support of eight international supercomputing facilities, participants were able to undertake the Challenge using dedicated computational resources. Alongside the main challenge, ‘reproducibility awards’ were made in recognition of those pipelines which demonstrated Open Science best practice. The Challenge saw over 100 participants develop a range of new and existing techniques, with results that highlight the strengths of multidisciplinary and collaborative effort. The winning strategy – which combined predictions from two independent machine learning techniques to yield a 20 per cent improvement in overall performance – underscores one of the main Challenge outcomes: that of method complementarity. It is likely that the combination of methods in a so-called ensemble approach will be key to exploiting very large astronomical data sets.
Photometric IGM tomography with Subaru/HSC: the large-scale structure of Lyαemitters and IGM transmission in the COSMOS field atz˜ 5
Authors: Kakiichi Koki , Hennawi Joseph F , Ono Yoshiaki , Inoue Akio K , Ouchi Masami , Ellis Richard S , Meyer Romain A , Bosman Sarah I 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTWe present a novel technique called ‘photometric IGM tomography’ to map the intergalactic medium (IGM) at z ≃ 4.9 in the COSMOS field. It utilizes deep narrow-band (NB) imaging to photometrically detect faint Ly α forest transmission in background galaxies across the Subaru/Hyper-Suprime Cam (HSC)’s $1.8\rm \, sq.\, deg$ field of view and locate Ly α emitters (LAEs) in the same cosmic volume. Using ultra-deep HSC images and Bayesian spectral energy distribution fitting, we measure the Ly α forest transmission at z ≃ 4.9 along a large number (140) of background galaxies selected from the DEIMOS10k spectroscopic catalogue at 4.98 &lt; z &lt; 5.89 and the SILVERRUSH LAEs at z ≃ 5.7. We photometrically measure the mean Ly α forest transmission and achieve a result consistent with previous measurements based on quasar spectra. We also measure the angular LAE-Ly α forest cross-correlation and Ly α forest autocorrelation functions and place an observational constraint on the large-scale fluctuations of the IGM around LAEs at z ≃ 4.9. Finally, we present the reconstructed 2D tomographic map of the IGM, co-spatial with the large-scale structure of LAEs, at a transverse resolution of $11 \, h^{-1}\rm cMpc$ across $140\, h^{-1}\rm cMpc$ in the COSMOS field at z ≃ 4.9. We discuss the observational requirements and the potential applications of this new technique for understanding the sources of reionization, quasar radiative history, and galaxy–IGM correlations across z ∼ 3–6. Our results represent the first proof-of-concept of photometric IGM tomography, offering a new route to examining early galaxy evolution in the context of the large-scale cosmic web from the epoch of reionization to cosmic noon.
Synchrotron intensity plots from a relativistic stratified jet
Authors: Frolova V A , Nokhrina E E , Pashchenko I N 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
We examine the effect of a jet transversal structure from magnetohydrodynamic semi-analytical modelling on the total intensity profiles of relativistic jets from active galactic nuclei. In order to determine the conditions for forming double- and triple-peaked transverse intensity profiles, we calculate the radiative transfer for synchrotron emission with self-absorption from the jets described by the models with a constant angular velocity and with a total electric current closed inside a jet. We show that double-peaked profiles appear either in the models with high maximal Lorentz factors or in optically thick conditions. We show that triple-peaked profiles in radio galaxies constrain the fraction of the emitting particles in a jet. We introduce the possible conditions for triple-peaked profiles under the assumptions that non-thermal electrons are preferably located at the jet edges or are distributed according to Ohmic heating.