bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide analysis reveals novel regulators of synaptic maintenance in Drosophila
Authors: Sidisky Jessica M , de Paula Moreira Danielle , Okumus Meryem , Caratenuto Russell , Drost Cassidy , Connors Bali , Hussain Sarrah , Alkhatib Stephanie , Babcock Daniel T 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Maintaining synaptic communication is required to preserve nervous system function as an organism ages. While much work has been accomplished to understand synapse formation and development, we understand relatively little regarding maintaining synaptic integrity throughout aging. To better understand the mechanisms responsible for maintaining synaptic structure and function, we performed an unbiased forward genetic screen to identify genes required for synapse maintenance of adult Drosophila neuromuscular junctions. Using flight behavior as a screening tool, we evaluated flight ability in 198 lines from the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with a progressive loss of flight ability with age. Among the many candidate genes identified from this screen, we focus here on 10 genes with clear human homologs harboring SNPs that are most highly associated with synaptic maintenance. Functional validation of these genes using mutant alleles revealed a progressive loss of synaptic structural integrity. Tissue-specific knockdown of these genes using RNA interference (RNAi) uncovered important roles for these genes in either presynaptic motor neurons, postsynaptic muscles, or associated glial cells, highlighting the importance of each component of tripartite synapses. These results offer greater insight into the mechanisms responsible for maintaining structural and functional integrity of synapses with age.
A Globally Distributed Insecticide Resistance Allele Confers a Fitness Cost in the Absence of Insecticide in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae), the Yellow Fever Mosquito
Authors: Fisher Cera R , Dressel Anastacia E , Silva Juan J , Scott Jeffrey G 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The cosmopolitan mosquito Aedes aegypti is a vector of harmful arboviruses. Pyrethroid insecticides are used to reduce adult populations and prevent the spread of disease. Pyrethroids target the insect voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC). Collectively, mutations in Vgsc that confer resistance are referred to as knock-down resistance or kdr. There are numerous kdr mutations found in A. aegypti Vgsc, and there is co-occurrence of some mutations. Full-length cDNA sequences have identified nine known kdr (e.g., 1534C) alleles. The 1534C allele is among the most common kdr alleles, but allele frequencies between populations vary considerably. We used the 1534C:RK strain, which has the 1534C (kdr) allele in the genetic background of the insecticide susceptible Rockefeller (ROCK) strain, and conducted population cage experiments to assess the potential intrinsic fitness cost of the 1534C allele relative to the susceptible allele (F1534) in the ROCK strain. Individuals were genotyped across generations using allele specific PCR. A fitness cost of the 1534C allele was detected across seven generations of mosquitos reared in the absence of insecticide selection pressure. The decrease in allele frequency was not due to drift. Comparison of our results to previous studies suggests that the magnitude of the fitness cost of kdr alleles in the absence of insecticide is disconnected from the level of resistance they confer, and that the fitness costs of different kdr alleles can be variable.
Noise Reduction of Low-Count STEM-EDX Data by Low-Rank Regularized Spectral Smoothing
Authors: Ozawa Keisuke 
Published: February 2023

AbstractStatistically weighted principal component analysis (wPCA) is widely used to reduce the noise of scanning transmission electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray (STEM-EDX) spectroscopic data. It is beneficial to retain the spatial resolution of observation in each step of the analysis, but the direct application of wPCA without preprocessing, such as spatial averaging, often fails against low-count STEM-EDX data. To enhance the applicability of wPCA while retaining spatial resolution, a step-by-step noise reduction method is considered in this study. Specifically, a numerical optimization is developed to simultaneously characterize the smoothness of EDX spectra and the low rankness of the data. In the presented approach, low-count data are first spectrally smoothed by solving this optimization problem, and then further denoised by using wPCA to project onto a subspace rigorously spanned by a small number of components. A challenging example is provided, and the improved noise reduction performance is demonstrated and compared to existing spectral smoothing techniques.
Instrument Evaluation: Attitudes Toward Older Adults and Intent to Work in Geriatrics
Authors: Denison Samantha R. , Van Son Catherine R. , Graves Janessa 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Despite the increasing demand for nurses in geriatrics, interest lags in working with older adults. The Carolina Opinions on the Care of Older Adults instrument assesses attitudes toward older adults, with one subscale assessing intention to work with older adults. The instrument was used in a pretest/posttest study with prelicensure students enrolled in a gerontological nursing course. Posttest scores showed an improvement in attitudes toward older adults. The geriatric career choice subscale showed no pretest/posttest changes. The Carolina Opinions on the Care of Older Adults instrument is a suitable measure to assess changes in attitudes and intention to work with older adults.
Disseminated Protothecosis Due to Prototheca zopfii and Literature Review
Authors: Chen Feifan , Saab-Chalhoub Mario , Tao Joy , Harrington Amanda T. , Albarillo Fritzie S. , Crone Andrew S. , Clark Nina M. , Speiser Jodi J. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:

Prototheca species are achlorophyllic algae that are a rare cause of infection in humans. It most commonly causes localized cutaneous disease and rarely disseminated infection. Immunocompromised patients have the highest risk of disseminated protothecosis, with a higher mortality rate than localized cutaneous infections. At the species level, infections caused by Prototheca zopfii are reported less frequently than those caused by Prototheca wickerhamii. The diagnosis can be made using histopathology, culture, and molecular testing. There is no definitive evidence for an effective treatment, which currently consists of antifungals (primarily amphotericin B). With only a handful of cases of disseminated protothecosis reported worldwide that are caused by P. zopfii, we herein present an additional case of a postbone marrow transplant patient in the Midwest of the United States.
The Burden of COVID-19 on Surgeons’ Financial Relationship with the Industry
Authors: Siotos Charalampos , Ferraro Jennifer , Arnold Sydney H. , Siotou Kalliopi , Lopez Joseph , Dorafshar Amir H. 
Published: February 2023

Summary:
The healthcare system has been greatly affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The aim of this study was to compare pre-COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 payments between industry and medical providers for all surgeons and subspecialized surgeons. Payment information was obtained from the Open Payments Program database for the 2019 and 2020 reported periods for three physician groups: all physicians, all surgeons, and each surgical subspecialty. Comparison and analysis of payment amount and type between these years was performed for each cohort. Physicians experienced a 36% decrease in industry payments with surgeons experiencing a 30.4% decrease. All surgical subspecialties, including plastic surgery (−30.5%; P < 0.01), experienced a significant decrease in industry payments except for transplant surgery, trauma surgery, and neurological surgery. Charitable contributions and compensation for services other than consulting were the only payment types that increased from 2019 to 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted industry physician payments across all medical and surgical fields with payment decreases across almost all surgical subspecialties.
Subfoveal choroidal tuberculoma in a healthy young woman caused by Mycobacterium bovis.
Authors: Schopp Maya J. , Strzalkowski Piotr , Dithmar Stefan 
Published: February 2023

Purpose:
To describe a case of a macular tuberculoma in a young and healthy woman after developing a tuberculous lymphadenitis caused by Mycobacterium bovis.

Methods:
Retrospective case report.

Results:
Tuberculous lymphadenitis caused by Mycobacterium bovis was detected after biopsy and histological examination as well as PCR testing of cervical lymph nodes in a 20 year-old patient. An interferon gamma was positive. Shortly starting anti-tubercular therapy (ATT), the patient developed visual deterioration caused by a single yellowish subretinal structure in the macula of the right eye. Optical coherence tomography showed a dome-shaped, hyperreflective, subfoveal choroidal lesion with subtle subretinal fluid. ATT with isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide was performed, and the de-escalation therapy with isoniazid and rifampicin was extended to 7 months. Further examinations showed regression of choroidal tuberculoma to a scar.

Conclusion:
This is the first reported case of choroidal tuberculoma after tuberculous lymphadenitis caused by Mycobacterium bovis.
Brain death-like changes: A case report of anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome
Authors: Tian Jia , Zhou Yi , Cui Hemei , Zhang Limiao , Xue Yan , Liu Lidou 
Published: February 2023

Rationale:
Anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome originates in the peripheral nervous system or the central nervous system. Various overlapping syndromes and atypical manifestations are also seen in clinic. It is rare to see multiple sites (almost all targets) of central and peripheral damage at the same time, resulting in brain death-like changes in patient.

Patient concerns:
This is a 55-year-old female patient, with a history of prodromal upper respiratory tract infection, began with headache, quickly developed body paralysis, eye paralysis, disturbance of consciousness, apnea, and tested positive for anti-GQ1b antibody. The patient is diagnosed clearly, the disease progresses rapidly, and almost all GQ1b sites in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system are involved, which is rare.

Diagnoses:
Anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome.

Interventions and outcomes:
The patient was treated with tracheal intubation, ventilator assisted breathing, and immunoglobulin. The patient recovered quickly and was discharged after about 30 days in hospital.

Lessons:
The concept of anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome is not only beneficial for clinical diagnosis, but also beneficial for understanding the continuous disease spectrum with the same etiology and different clinical manifestations. The pathogenesis of each subtype has not been fully defined. There are mild patients with isolated syndromes and severe patients with multiple subtypes overlapping. Encounter severe patients but also active response, the general prognosis is good.
Design and application of personalized exercise prescription for primary osteoporosis
Authors: Li Yongjie , Zhang Dakuan , Fu Shenyu , Liu Mengling , Liu Hongju 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Regular exercise has been shown to have a beneficial effect on primary osteoporosis (POP). However, current exercise prescriptions have limitations such as insufficient individualized features and low participant compliance, which in turn limit their application in clinical practice. In this study, we propose to establish a personalized exercise prescription based on the Chinese traditional exercise—Yi Jin Jing, combined with treadmill exercises and strength training, and then observe its effects on pain, muscle strength, balance, bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolic indexes in patients with POP.

Methods:
This trial is a single-center, randomized, assessor-blinded, controlled clinical study. We will recruit 40 patients with POP and assign them to the control group and the experimental group in a 1:1 ratio according to the intended protocol. The control group received 24 weeks of conventional medication and health promotion, and the experimental group received 24 weeks of personalized exercise prescription intervention (Yijinjing, treadmill exercises, and strength training). Outcome measures include pain (visual analogue scale), muscle strength (bilateral upper limb grip strength and isometric muscle strength of the trunk, hip, and knee), balance (Balance test with eyes open and closed while standing on one leg), and BMD (Lumbar spine 2–4 and femoral neck). In addition, bone metabolism indicators include parathyroid hormone, osteocalcin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH) 2D3), type I procollagen aminoterminal peptide and type I collagen carboxy-terminal peptide. Outcome measures will be assessed before and after 24 weeks of intervention. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS22.0.

Discussion:
This trial aimed to enrich the content and form of exercise rehabilitation prescriptions for patients with POP, which is conducive to improving the exercise rehabilitation effect and quality of life in this population.
Diagnostic value of cell-free DNA in thyroid cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hou Fei , Sun Xiao-Dan , Deng Zhi-Yong 
Published: February 2023

Objective:
An increasing number of studies have shown the potential diagnostic value of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) as a new biomarker in the management of thyroid cancer (TC); however, the accuracy of research results is inconsistent. This meta-analysis is the first to synthesize published results and evaluate the application value of circulating cfDNA in the diagnosis of TC.

Methods:
A search strategy was developed according to PICO (P: Patient; I: Intervention; C: Comparison; O: Outcome) principles. We searched 5 databases until October 2022. Original studies that examined cfDNA for the diagnosis of TC and used pathology as the gold standard were included in this meta-analysis. A random-effects model was used to pool the data extracted from individual studies, including the number of patients and the numbers of true positives, false positives, true negatives, and false negatives.

Results:
A total of 622 patients with TC, 547 patients with benign thyroid nodules, and 98 healthy individuals were included in 20 studies reported in 14 articles. The types of cfDNA included in the research include specific mutations of cfDNA, methylation of cfDNA, the content of cfDNA, and cfDNA index. After rigorous statistical analysis, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio, and area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.76 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.62–0.85), 0.87 (95% CI 0.78–0.93), 5.08 (95% CI 3.3–10.3), 0.28 (95% CI 0.17–0.46), 21 (95% CI 9–49), and 0.89 (95% CI 0.86–0.91), respectively. The meta-regression results showed that the number of cfDNAs, cfDNA methylation status, and sample size were the sources of heterogeneity in the specificity of the study. A subgroup analysis showed that the quantitative analysis group (cfDNA level) had a higher diagnostic accuracy than that of the qualitative analysis group (cfDNA methylation, mutation, or integrity index), with a sensitivity of 0.84, specificity of 0.89, and area under the curve of 0.91.

Conclusions:
The results of this meta-analysis suggest that cfDNA has value as an adjunct for the diagnosis of TC. Quantitative detection of cfDNA can achieve relatively high diagnostic accuracy. However, due to heterogeneity, the test results based on cfDNA for TC should be interpreted with caution.
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5-related autoimmune encephalitis with reversible splenial lesion syndrome following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination
Authors: Zhang Yu , Lian Baorong , Yang Shiwei , Huang Xuming , Zhou Yanxia , Cao Liming 
Published: February 2023

Rationale:
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5)-related autoimmune encephalitis (AE) has been rarely reported; however, there are no reports on mGluR5-related AE with reversible splenial lesion syndrome following vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Patient concerns:
A 29-year-old man was admitted with a history of headache and fever for 9 days and 6 days, respectively.

Diagnosis:
He was initially diagnosed with an intracranial infection, however the final diagnosis was corrected as anti-mGluR5-related AE with reversible splenial lesion syndrome.

Interventions:
He had received an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine 3 weeks prior to the examination and was initially diagnosed with an intracranial infection. Physical examination revealed bilateral horizontal nystagmus, ataxia, and neck rigidity. Antiinfective therapy was minimally helpful. An analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid did not reveal pathogens for sequencing. Magnetic resonance imaging displayed abnormal signals in the splenium of the corpus callosum.

Outcomes:
We identified mGluR5 antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum. Subsequently, intravenous methylprednisolone pulse and gamma-globulin pulse therapies were administered, which substantially improved the symptoms. Follow-up did not reveal abnormal neurological symptoms, and the lesion in the corpus callosum had resolved.

Lessons:
AE with mGluR5 antibodies could arise from SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, which warrants the awareness of healthcare workers. Reversible splenial lesion syndrome may accompany mGluR5-related AE and mimic intracranial infection. Thus, early treatment can prevent serious residual signs and symptoms.
Ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block for postoperative short-term outcomes in lumbar spine surgery: A meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Liu Hui , Zhu Jing , Wen Jing , Fu Qiang 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery usually suffer from moderate to severe acute pain. Erector spinae plane block (ESPB) has been applied to relieve acute pain in various surgeries and improve postoperative outcomes. This study aimed to further identify the efficacy and safety of erector spinae plane block in patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery. This study also evaluates the outcomes of the erector spinae plane block compared with other regional blocks.

Methods:
We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane library, Embase, and CINAHL databases to identify all randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of ESPB on postoperative pain after lumbar spine surgery. The primary outcome is postoperative total opioid consumption in 24 hours. The secondary outcomes are postoperative pain scores, intraoperative opioid consumption, time to first rescue analgesia, number of patients requiring rescue analgesia, first time to ambulation after surgery, length of hospital stay, patients’ satisfaction score, and postoperative side effects such as postoperative nausea and vomiting, itching.

Results:
A total of 19 randomized controlled trials are included in the final analysis. Compared with no/sham block, ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block can decrease perioperative opioid consumption including intraoperative opioid consumption: standardized mean difference (SMD) = −3.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) (−3.99, −2.09), P < .01, and opioid consumption postoperatively: (SMD = −2.80, 95% CI [−3.61, −2.00], P < .01); reduce postoperative pain at 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours both at rest and movement; meanwhile shorten time to hospital length of stay: (SMD = −1.01, 95% CI [−1.72, 0.30], P = .006), decrease postoperative nausea and vomiting (RR = 0.35, 95% CI [0.27, 0.46], P < .00001), and improve patient satisfaction (SMD = −2.03, 95% CI [−0.96, 3.11], P = .0002). But ultrasound-guided ESPB doesn’t shorten the time to ambulation after surgery (SMD = −0.56, 95% CI [−1.21, 0.08], P = .09). Additionally, ESPB is not superior to other regional blocks (e.g., thoracolumbar interfascial plane/midtransverse process to pleura block).

Conclusion:
This meta-analysis demonstrates that ultrasound-guided ESPB can provide effective postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery and improve postoperative outcomes, and it deserves to be recommended as an analgesic adjunct in patients undergoing lumbar spine surgeries.
Acute osteomyelitis of the patella due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an immunocompetent child: A case report
Authors: Kamiya Yasunari , Mishima Kenichi , Tanaka Tetsuji , Sawamura Kenta , Matsushita Masaki , Imagama Shiro 
Published: February 2023

Rationale:
Plentiful vascularity and lack of the physis are thought to render the patella less vulnerable to osteomyelitis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is an opportunistic pathogen predominantly affecting immunocompromised hosts. Despite the ubiquitous nature of PA, osteomyelitis of the patella caused by PA has been rarely reported in children.

Patient concerns:
A 5-year-old boy who had presented with a prolonged history of the left anterior knee pain following minor trauma was diagnosed with prepatellar bacterial cellulitis and bursitis. Afterward, a focal osteolytic lesion emerged at the ventral surface of the patella despite oral and intravenous antibiotic therapy lasting for weeks. We described clinical presentation as well as medical and surgical management of pediatric patellar osteomyelitis secondary to prepatellar septic bursitis.

Diagnoses:

Pseudomonas aeruginosa-associated osteomyelitis of the patella. Magnetic resonance imaging of the left knee showed a focal destructive change of the ventral half of the cartilaginous patella and a suprapatellar joint effusion. Bacterial culture from the bursa revealed Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Interventions:
Systemic inflammation, patellar osteochondral destruction, and purulent synovial fluid of the knee were prolonged for 6 weeks despite antibiotics use deemed appropriate and reparative surgical debridement, whereas they were eventually resolved with a 6-week course of intravenous ceftazidime and cessation of continuous intracapsular irrigation.

Outcomes:
He was clinically asymptomatic at the latest follow-up but exhibited a minor leg length discrepancy <2 cm associated with overgrowth of the affected femur.

Lessons:
This is a rare case of Pseudomonas osteomyelitis of the patella in a healthy pediatric patient. Uncommon osteochondral sequelae occurred probably because of a protracted arthritis of the affected knee. We would like to emphasize the ineffectiveness of continuous irrigation without antibiotics for Pseudomonas aeruginosa-associated osteomyelitis.
Fatal posterior circulation stroke with persistent hiccups, sinus arrest and post-hiccup syncope: A case report
Authors: Zhang Na , Liang Hao , Wang Xibing , Wang Hong 
Published: February 2023

Rationale:
Diagnosis of posterior circulation stoke is difficult, and magnetic resonance imaging especially diffusion-weighted imaging is superior to computed tomography. Persistent hiccups, sinus arrest, and post-hiccup syncope are extremely rare symptoms of posterior circulation stroke. However, there is no effective treatment for persistent hiccup.

Patient concern and diagnosis:
We describe a case of a 58-year-old hypertensive woman diagnosed with acute posterior circulation stroke who presented with persistent hiccups, sinus arrest, and post-hiccup syncope. Diffusion-weighted imaging revealed a high-intensity signal involving the left middle cerebellar peduncle and several spotted areas in the right occipital lobe.

Interventions:
Permanent pacemaker was implanted and metoclopramide was used to treat persistent hiccups.

Outcome:
The patient developed aspiration pneumonia and morbid dysphoria, and eventually died.

Lessons:
Posterior circulation stroke can cause cardiovascular and respiratory dysfunction. Consequently, physicians should pay more attention to posterior circulation lesions in patients with arrhythmia and syncope. An effective method to treat persistent hiccups is urgently needed.