bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of topical tranexamic acid on post-rhinoplasty periorbital ecchymosis and eyelid edema
Authors: Vural Omer , Inan Serhat , Buyuklu Adnan F 
Published: May 2023

Background:
This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of topical tranexamic acid application in overcoming the periorbital ecchymosis and eyelid edema in patients who have undergone open technique rhinoplasty.

Methods:
Fifty patients were included in the study and divided into two groups: those who were applied topical tranexamic acid and those who were not (control). In the tranexamic acid group, tranexamic acid-soaked pledgets were placed under the skin flap in a way that both sides can reach the osteotomy area and left for 5 minutes. In the control group, isotonic saline-soaked pledgets were placed under the skin flap in the same way and left for 5 minutes. Digital photographs were obtained on postoperative day 1, 3 and 7. Eyelid edema and periorbital ecchymosis were scored by two different examiners and averaged for comparison.

Results:
The edema that developed in the patients who applied tranexamic acid was significantly less than in the control group on the postoperative day 1. There was no difference between the two groups on postoperative day 3 and 7. The ecchymosis developed in patients who applied tranexamic acid was significantly less than in the control group on all days.

Conclusions:
Topical tranexamic acid applied to the surgical field immediately after osteotomy in rhinoplasty surgery reduces the development of postoperative periorbital ecchymosis. In addition, the topical tranexamic acid application also reduces the development of eyelid edema in the early postoperative period.
Anatomical relationship between the inferior temporal septum and the temporal branch of the facial nerve for clinical applications
Authors: Lee Shin Hyo , Lee Hye-In , Kim Jeong-Nam , Shin Hyun Jin , Shin Kang-Jae 
Published: May 2023

Background:
The inferior temporal septum (ITS) is a fibrous adhesion between the superficial temporal fascia and the superficial layer of the deep temporal fascia (sDTF). This study identified detailed anatomical relationship between the ITS and the temporal branch of the facial nerve (TBFN) for facial nerve preservation during temple interventions.

Methods:
Among 33 Korean cadavers, 43 sides of TBFNs in temporal regions were dissected after identifying the ITS between the superficial temporal fascia and sDTF through blunt dissection. The topography of the ITS and TBFN were investigated with reference to several facial landmarks. Regional relationships with the ITS and TBFN within the temporal fascial layers were histologically defined from five specimens.

Results:
At the level of the inferior orbital margin by the tragion, the mean distances from the lateral canthus to the anterior and posterior branches of the TBFN were 5 and 6.2 cm, respectively. At the lateral canthus level, the mean distance from the lateral canthus to the posterior branch of the TBFN was similar to that to the ITS, at 5.5 cm. At the superior orbital margin level, the posterior branch of the TBFN ran cranial to the ITS adjacent to the frontotemporal region. The TBFN ran through the sub-superficial temporal fascia layer and the nerve fibers located cranially, and within the ITS meshwork in the upper temporal compartment.

Conclusions:
The area of caution during superficial temporal fascia interventions related to the TBFN was clearly identified in the upper temporal compartment, which is known to lack important structures.

Levels of Evidence:
Basic science study
Development and evaluation of a high-fidelity rhinoplasty simulator
Authors: Podolsky Dale J , Murphy Blake D , Ahmad Jamil , Fisher David M , Wong Karen W , Drake James M , Forrest Christopher R 
Published: May 2023

Summary:
Rhinoplasty is a challenging procedure with a steep learning curve. Surgical simulators provide a safe platform to gain hands-on experience without compromising patient outcomes. Therefore, rhinoplasty is an ideal procedure to benefit from an effective surgical simulator. A high fidelity rhinoplasty simulator was developed using three-dimensional (3D) computer modelling, 3D printing and polymer techniques. The simulator was tested by six surgeons with experience in rhinoplasty to assess realism, anatomic accuracy, and value as a training tool. The surgeons performed common rhinoplasty techniques and were provided a Likert-type questionnaire assessing the anatomical features of the simulator. A variety of surgical techniques were successfully performed using the simulator including open and closed approaches. Bony techniques performed included endo-nasal osteotomies and rasping. Submucous resection with harvest of septal cartilage, cephalic trim, tip suturing as well as grafting techniques including alar rim, columellar strut, spreader and shield grafts were successfully performed. Overall, there was agreement in the simulator’s anatomic accuracy of bony and soft tissue features. There was strong agreement in the simulator’s overall realism and value as a training tool. The simulator provides a high-fidelity, comprehensive training platform to learn rhinoplasty techniques to augment real operating experience without compromising patient outcomes.
Acute Brain Infarction in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis
Authors: Ha Jang Woo , Heo Joonnyung , Pyo Jung Yoon , Ahn Sung Soo , Song Jason Jungsik , Park Yong-Beom , Lee Sang-Won 
Published: May 2023

Objectives
This study investigated the clinical and radiological features of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)–associated vasculitis (AAV) patients with acute brain infarction, using a cohort of Korean patients with AAV.

Methods
This study included 263 patients with AAV. Acute brain infarction was defined as infarction that occurred within 7 days or less. The brain territories affected by acute brain infarction were investigated. Active AAV was arbitrarily defined as the highest tertile of Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS).

Results
The median age at diagnosis was 59.0 years, and 35.4% were male. Fourteen cases of acute brain infarction occurred in 12 patients (4.6%), which was calculated as 1332.2 per 100,000 patient-years and 10 times higher than the incidence rate in the Korean general population. Patients with AAV with acute brain infarction exhibited significantly older age, increased BVAS at diagnosis, and a more frequent history of prior brain infarction compared with those without. The brain territories affected in AAV patients were middle cerebral artery (50.0%), multiple territories (35.7%), and posterior cerebral artery (14.3%). Lacunar infarction and microhemorrhage were observed in 42.9% and 71.4% of cases, respectively. Prior brain infarction and BVAS at diagnosis were independently associated with acute brain infarction (hazard ratios, 7.037 and 1.089). Patients with AAV with prior brain infarction or BVAS for active AAV exhibited significantly lower cumulative acute brain infarction–free survival rates than those without.

Conclusion
Acute brain infarction was observed in 4.6% of AAV patients, and both prior brain infarction and BVAS at diagnosis were independently associated with acute brain infarction.
Molecular Epidemiology of Antimicrobial Resistance in Central Africa: A Systematic Review
Authors: DIKOUMBA Annicet-Clotaire , ONANGA Richard , MANGOUKA Laurette G. , BOUNDENGA Larson , NGOUNGOU Edgard-Brice , GODREUIL Sylvain 
Published: May 2023

Background: In Central Africa, it is difficult to fight against antibiotic resistance, because of a lack of data and information on bacterial resistance, due to the low number of studies carried out in the field. To fill this gap, we carried out a systematic review of the various studies, and devise a molecular epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance from humans, animals and the environmental samples.Method: A systematic search of all publications from 2005 to 2020 on bacterial resistance in Central Africa was performed on Pubmed, Google scholar and African journals online. All circulating resistance genes, prevalence and genetic carriers of these resistances were collected. The study area was limited to the 9 countries of Central Africa. Results: Five hundred seventeen studies were identified through a literature search, and sixty studies carried out in 8 countries were included. Among all articles included, 43 articles were from human. Our study revealed not only the circulation of beta-lactamase and carbapenemase genes, but also several other types of resistance genes. To finish, we noticed that some studies reported mobile genetic elements such as integrons, transposons, plasmids, or chromosomes.Conclusion: The scarcity of data poses difficulties in the implementation of effective strategies in the fight against antibiotic resistance, which requires a health policy in a "One Health" approach.
Bridging the Literacy Gap for Surgical Consents: An AI-Human Expert Collaborative Approach
Authors: Ali Rohaid , Connolly Ian D. , Tang Oliver Y. , Mirza Fatima N. , Johnston Benjamin , Abdulrazeq Hael A. , Galamaga Paul F. , Libby Tiffany J , Sodha Neel R. , Groff Michael W. , Gokaslan Ziya L. , Telfeian Albert E. , Shin John H. , Asaad Wael F. , Zou James , Doberstein Curtis E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite the importance of informed consent in healthcare, the readability and specificity of consent forms often impedes patients’ comprehension. Health literacy is linked to patient outcomes, making it essential to address these issues. This study investigates the use of GPT-4 to simplify surgical consent forms and introduces an AI-human expert collaborative approach to validate content appropriateness.MethodsConsent forms from multiple institutions were assessed for readability and simplified using GPT-4, with pre- and post-simplification readability metrics compared using nonparametric tests. Independent reviews by medical authors and a malpractice defense attorney were conducted. Finally, GPT-4’s potential for generatingde novoprocedure-specific consent forms was assessed, with forms evaluated using a validated 8-item rubric and expert subspecialty surgeon review.ResultsAnalysis of 15 academic medical centers’ consent forms revealed significant reductions in average reading time, word rarity, and passive sentence frequency (allP<0.05) following GPT-4-faciliated simplification. Readability improved from an average college freshman to an 8th-grade level (P=0.004), matching the average American’s reading level. Medical and legal sufficiency consistency was confirmed. GPT-4 generated procedure-specific consent forms for five varied surgical procedures at an average 6th-grade reading level. These forms received perfect scores on a standardized consent form rubric and withstood scrutiny upon expert subspeciality surgeon review.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the first AI-human expert collaboration to enhance surgical consent forms, significantly improving readability without sacrificing clinical detail. Our framework could be extended to other patient communication materials, emphasizing clear communication and mitigating disparities related to health literacy barriers. Ensuring AI technologies are safely incorporated into clinical practice is crucial to reach a wide range of patients, including the most vulnerable.Data Availability StatementThe raw data was not publicly deposited due to incorporating proprietary datasets, such as the Corpus of Contemporary American English. However, data are available on request for replicability.Code Availability StatementThe code used for these analyses are available from the authors on request.
Factors influencing practice choices of early-career family physicians in Canada: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Grudniewicz Agnes , Randall Ellen , Lavergne M. Ruth , Marshall Emily Gard , Jones Lori , Rudoler David , Horrey Kathleen , Mathews Maria , McKay Madeleine , Mitra Goldis , Scott Ian , Snadden David , Wong Sabrina T. , Goldsmith Laurie J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeComprehensiveness of primary care has been declining, and much of the blame has been placed on early-career family physicians and their practice choices. To better understand early-career family physicians’ practice choices in Canada, we sought to identify the factors that most influence their decisions about how to practice.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study using framework analysis. Family physicians in their first 10 years of practice were recruited from three Canadian provinces: British Columbia, Ontario, and Nova Scotia. Interview data were coded inductively and then charted onto a matrix in which each participant’s data was summarized by code.ResultsOf the 63 participants that were interviewed, 24 worked solely in community-based practice, 7 worked solely in focused practice, and 32 worked in both settings. We identified four practice characteristics that were influenced (scope of practice, practice type and model, location of practice, and practice schedule and work volume) and three categories of influential factors (training, professional, and personal).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the complex set of factors that influence practice choices by early-career physicians, some of which may be modifiable by policymakers (e.g., policies and regulations) while others are less so (e.g., family responsibilities). Participants described individual influences from family considerations to payment models to meeting community needs. These findings have implications for both educators and policymakers who seek to support and expand comprehensive care.Prior presentations“Factors influencing practice choices of early-career family physicians: A qualitative interview study.” North American Primary Care Research Group Conference (NAPCRG), Virtual, November 2021Data also included in the following presentations on the broader study:“Addressing the need for greater primary care coverage: A discussion on primary care practice patterns”, Evidence Café, Ontario Ministry of Health & ICES. February 14, 2023.“The ‘kids’ are alright: Practice patterns among early-career family physicians and implication for primary care policy and workforce planning.” Family Medicine Grand Rounds, University of Ottawa. September 22, 2022.“Practice patterns among Early-Career Primary Care (ECPC) physicians and workforce planning implications: A mixed methods study. Summary of preliminary results.” British Columbia Ministry of Health and British Columbia General Practice Services Committee. February 25, 2022.
Auranofin Inhibition of Thioredoxin Reductase Sensitizes Lung Neuroendocrine Tumor Cells (NETs) and Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) Cells to Sorafenib as well as Inhibiting SCLC Xenograft Growth
Authors: Johnson Spenser S. , Liu Dijie , Ewald Jordan T. , Robles-Planells Claudia , Christensen Keegan A. , Bayanbold Khaliunaa , Wels Brian R. , Solst Shane R. , O’Dorisio M. Sue , Allen Bryan G. , Menda Yusuf , Spitz Douglas R. , Fath Melissa A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThioredoxin Reductase (TrxR) is a key enzyme in hydroperoxide detoxification through peroxiredoxin enzymes and in thiol-mediated redox regulation of cell signaling. Because cancer cells produce increased steady-state levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS; i.e., superoxide and hydrogen peroxide), TrxR is currently being targeted in clinical trials using the anti-rheumatic drug, auranofin (AF). AF treatment decreased TrxR activity and clonogenic survival in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines (DMS273 and DMS53) as well as the lung atypical (neuroendocrine tumor) NET cell line H727. AF treatment also significantly sensitized DMS273 and H727 cell linesin vitroto sorafenib, a multi-kinase inhibitor that was shown to decrease intracellular glutathione. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of AF treatment in a mouse SCLC xenograft model was examined to maximize inhibition of TrxR activity without causing toxicity. AF was administered intraperitoneally at 2 mg/kg or 4 mg/kg (IP) once (QD) or twice daily (BID) for 1 to 5 days in mice with DMS273 xenografts. Plasma levels of AF were 10-20 μM (determined by mass spectrometry of gold) and the optimal inhibition of TrxR (50 %) was obtained at 4 mg/kg once daily, with no effect on glutathione peroxidase 1 activity. When this daily AF treatment was extended for 14 days a significant prolongation of median survival from 19 to 23 days (p=0.04, N=30 controls, 28 AF) was observed without causing changes in animal bodyweight, CBCs, bone marrow toxicity, blood urea nitrogen, or creatinine. These results show that AF is an effective inhibitor of TrxR bothin vitroandin vivoin SCLC, capable of sensitizing NETs and SCLC to sorafenib, and supports the hypothesis that AF could be used as an adjuvant therapy with agents known to induce disruptions in thiol metabolism to enhance therapeutic efficacy.
Common comorbidities in polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis: cross-sectional study in UK Biobank
Authors: Chatzigeorgiou Charikleia , Taylor John C. , Elliott Faye , O’Sullivan Eoin P. ,   UK Biobank Eye and Vision Consortium, Morgan Ann W. , Barrett Jennifer H. , Mackie Sarah L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo determine prevalent comorbidities in cases with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) or giant cell arteritis (GCA) compared to matched controls.MethodsNested, cross sectional case-control study within UK Biobank. Case status was defined as self-reported prior diagnosis of PMR or GCA. 10 controls per case were matched for age, sex, ethnicity and assessment centre. Associations with selected self-reported comorbidities were studied using conditional logistic regression.ResultsOf PMR (n=1036) or GCA (n=102) cases, 72% were female, 98% white and 58% reported current use of glucocorticoids. Mean age was 63. At the time of the assessment visit, compared to controls, PMR/GCA cases were more likely to report poor general health and at least several days of low mood in the two past weeks. PMR was associated with hypothyroidism (odds ratio (OR) 1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07-1.67) and ever-use of hormone replacement therapy (OR 1.26, CI 1.07-1.47). Regarding common comorbidities, PMR and GCA were both associated with hypertension (PMR: OR 1.21, CI 1.06-1.39; GCA: OR 1.86, CI 1.23-2.81) and cataract (PMR: OR 1.51, CI 1.19-1.93; GCA: OR 3.84, CI 2.23-6.60). Additionally GCA was associated with depression (OR 3.05, CI 1.59-5.85). Neither were associated with diabetes.ConclusionParticipants with a history of PMR/GCA, including those not currently taking glucocorticoids, rated their health as poorer than matched controls,. Some previously-described disease associations (hypothyroidism and early menopause) were replicated. Hypertension and cataract, which can both be exacerbated by long-term glucocorticoid therapy, were over-represented in both diseases, particularly GCA.Key messagesComorbidity was common in individuals with self-reported prior diagnosis of PMR/GCA.PMR/GCA were associated with poorer self-reported health than controls; GCA was associated with depression.Hypertension and cataract were over-represented in PMR/GCA compared with controls but diabetes was not.
Charting the cellular biogeography in colitis reveals fibroblast trajectories and coordinated spatial remodeling
Authors: Cadinu Paolo , Sivanathan Kisha N. , Misra Aditya , Xu Rosalind J. , Mangani Davide , Yang Evan , Rone Joseph M. , Tooley Katherine , Kye Yoon-Chul , Bod Lloyd , Geistlinger Ludwig , Lee Tyrone , Ono Noriaki , Wang Gang , Sanmarco Liliana , Quintana Francisco J. , Anderson Ana C. , Kuchroo Vijay K. , Moffitt Jeffrey R. , Nowarski Roni 
Published: May 2023

SUMMARYGut inflammation involves contributions from immune and non-immune cells, whose interactions are shaped by the spatial organization of the healthy gut and its remodeling during inflammation. The crosstalk between fibroblasts and immune cells is an important axis in this process, but our understanding has been challenged by incomplete cell-type definition and biogeography. To address this challenge, we used MERFISH to profile the expression of 940 genes in 1.35 million cells imaged across the onset and recovery from a mouse colitis model. We identified diverse cell populations; charted their spatial organization; and revealed their polarization or recruitment in inflammation. We found a staged progression of inflammation-associated tissue neighborhoods defined, in part, by multiple inflammation-associated fibroblasts, with unique expression profiles, spatial localization, cell-cell interactions, and healthy fibroblast origins. Similar signatures in ulcerative colitis suggest conserved human processes. Broadly, we provide a framework for understanding inflammation-induced remodeling in the gut and other tissues.
Joint Generation of Protein Sequence and Structure with RoseTTAFold Sequence Space Diffusion
Authors: Lisanza Sidney Lyayuga , Gershon Jake Merle , Tipps Sam , Arnoldt Lucas , Hendel Samuel , Sims Jeremiah Nelson , Li Xinting , Baker David 
Published: May 2023

AbstractProtein denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPMs) show great promise in thede novogeneration of protein backbones but are limited in their inability to guide generation of proteins with sequence specific attributes and functional properties. To overcome this limitation, we develop ProteinGenerator, a sequence space diffusion model based on RoseTTAfold that simultaneously generates protein sequences and structures. Beginning from random amino acid sequences, our model generates sequence and structure pairs by iterative denoising, guided by any desired sequence and structural protein attributes. To explore the versatility of this approach, we designed proteins enriched for specific amino acids, with internal sequence repeats, with masked bioactive peptides, with state dependent structures, and with key sequence features of specific protein families. ProteinGenerator readily generates sequence-structure pairs satisfying the input conditioning (sequence and/or structural) criteria, and experimental validation showed that the designs were monomeric by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), had the desired secondary structure content by circular dichroism (CD), and were thermostable up to 95°C. By enabling the simultaneous optimization of both sequence and structure, ProteinGenerator allows for the design of functional proteins with specific sequence and structural attributes, and paves the way for protein function optimization by active learning on sequence-activity datasets.