bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review on Analytical Methods for Tigecycline Estimation From Its Bulk and Dosage Form
Authors: Rakholiya Bansi , Shah Priyangi , Patel Yash , Patel Gayatri , Patel Samir , Patel Archita 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Tigecycline (TIG) is a third-generation glycylcycline derivative used as an antimicrobial and anticancer agent for the past few years. Its intricate structure makes it more vulnerable toward degradation under the influence of various environmental factors and leads to the generation of impurities. Due to its stability issues, TIG is available as a lyophilized powder for injection. The analysis of TIG becomes a cumbersome task for analysts due to its instability in solution form. As TIG works as a life-saving drug, it is important to review its analytical methods for its quality control.

Objective
The present review discusses various analytical methodologies for determining TIG from its bulk, lyophilized powder, pharmacopoeial methods and factors responsible for its instability.

Methods
The present review represents the analysis of data reported in the literature from 1999-2022 for the analysis of TIG.

Results
Numerous alternative analytical techniques such as UV-visible spectrophotometry, spectrofluorimetric methods, RP-HPLC (reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography) and FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared), and electrophoresis has been reported for quantification, identification, and characterization of TIG.

Conclusions
Several analytical techniques are available to be used as a quality control tool for tigecycline, including HPLC without derivatization, whereas the fluorescence technique requires derivatization using acidic dye. A few methods require tedious pre-sample preparation techniques, become time-consuming, and involve using one or more organic solvents; there is a need to develop eco-friendlier methods for analyzing tigecycline.

Highlights
Various analytical methods such as spectrometric, fluorimetric and chromatographic methods have been discussed for estimation of TIG from its bulk and different dosage form.
Green Method for Evaluation of Marbofloxacin Tablets by HPLC and Evaluation of Interchangeability With UV and Turbidimetric Methods
Authors: de Oliveira Aline Sinzervinch , de Oliveira Naiara Raica Lopes , de Oliveira Neto Jerônimo Raimundo , Tavares Layla Lopes , Kogawa Ana Carolina 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Marbofloxacin (MAR) is a veterinary antimicrobial, marketed in injectable solution, oral suspension, and tablets. MAR has no monograph for tablet evaluation in official compendiums. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) methods present in the literature for evaluating MAR in tablets do not follow the principles of green and sustainable analytical chemistry.

Objective
A green, clean, and sustainable method by HPLC was developed and validated to evaluate the content and stability of MAR in tablets, in addition to comparing it with other methods available in the literature.

Method
A C8, 5 µm, 4.6 × 150 mm (ACE®) column, purified water with 0.2% formic acid–ethanol (70:30, v/v) as the mobile phase, and a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min at 296 nm were used.

Results
The method was linear over a concentration range of 1–10 μg/mL, selective for tablet matrix and forced degradation, precise with relative standard deviations (RDS) less than 5%, accurate with recovery of 99.99%, and robust to changes in the mobile phase, flow rate, wavelength, equipment, and column brand. The retention time for MAR was approximately 3.1 min.

Conclusions
The method can be used in routine analysis of MAR in tablets in chemical-pharmaceutical laboratories. Furthermore, it can be used to verify the stability of MAR-based products and proved to be interchangeable with spectrophotometric method in the UV region and turbidimetric microbiological method.

Highlights
A green method for evaluation of marbofloxacin tablets by HPLC was developed and validated. Additionally, it has been shown to be interchangeable with UV and turbidimetric methods.
Learning style of medical students and their preferred teaching methodologies in a medical college in Nepal: a descriptive cross-sectional study
Authors: Pathak Prajwol , Neupane Sulav , Tamang Sujan , Neupane Sunischit , Dhungana Vinayak , Khatri Shirish , Gautam Rochak , Mainali Gaurab 
Published: September 2023

Introduction:
Each individual learns differently. Honey and Mumford classified learning styles as activists, reflectors, theorists, and pragmatists. This study was conducted to find out the frequency of learning styles and preferred teaching methodology of students in a medical college in Nepal.

Methods:
Two hundred MBBS students participated in this study who were selected through a stratified sampling technique using students’ class year as a stratum, followed by a simple random sampling method. Honey and Mumford’s learning style questionnaire was used to determine learning styles. A self-developed questionnaire was used to find their preferred teaching methodology.

Results:
Of the total, 139 males and 61 females participated in the study where 9 (4.5%) students were activists, 21 (10.5%) were theorists, 112 (56%) were reflectors, and 24 (12%) were pragmatists. Out of all participants, 50 (25%) preferred interactive learning, 47 (23.5%) preferred problem-based learning, 59 (29.5%) preferred self-study, and only 2 (1%) students preferred one-way lectures and guest speakers each.

Conclusion:
The majority of students were reflectors (56%) and pragmatists (12%). Most students preferred self-study (29.5%) but one-way lectures were less preferred. Medical institutions should align teaching strategies with the learning styles of medical students to improve their understanding and performance.
Lean Performance Indicators and Facilitators of Outcomes in U.S. Public Hospitals
Authors: Roey Tyler , Hung Dorothy Y. , Rundall Thomas G. , Fournier Pierre-Luc , Zhong Athena , Shortell Stephen M. 
Published: September 2023

Goal:
This study investigated the association between Lean and performance outcomes in U.S. public hospitals. Public hospitals face substantial pressure to deliver high-quality care with limited resources. Lean-based management systems can provide these hospitals with alternative approaches to improve efficiency and effectiveness. Prior research shows that Lean can have positive impacts in hospitals ranging in ownership type, but more study is needed, specifically in publicly owned hospitals.

Methods:
We performed multivariable regressions using data from the 2017 National Survey of Lean/Transformational Performance Improvement. The data were linked to publicly available hospital performance data from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. We examined 11 outcomes measuring financial performance, quality of care, and patient experience and their associations with Lean adoption. We also explored potential drivers of positive outcomes by examining Lean implementation in each hospital, measured as the number of units using Lean tools and practices; leader commitment to Lean principles; Lean training and education among physicians, nurses, and managers; and use of a daily management system among C-suite leaders and managers.

Principal Findings:
Lean adoption and implementation were associated with improved performance in U.S. public hospitals. Compared with hospitals that did not adopt Lean, those that did had significantly lower adjusted inpatient expenses per discharge and higher-than-average national scores on the appropriate use of medical imaging and timeliness of care. The study results also showed marginally significant improvements in patient experience and hospital earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization margins. Focusing on these select outcomes, we found that drivers of such improvements involved the extent of Lean implementation, as reflected by leadership commitment, daily management, and training/education while controlling for the number of years using Lean.

Practical Applications:
Lean is a method of continuous improvement centered around a culture of providing high-value care for patients. Our findings provide insight into the potential benefits of Lean in U.S. public hospitals. Notably, they suggest that leader buy-in is key to success. When executives and managers support Lean initiatives and provide proper training for the workforce, improved financial and operational performance can result. This commitment, starting with upper management, may also play a broader role in the effort to reform healthcare while having a positive impact on patient care in U.S. public hospitals.
Cyclophilin D induces necrotic core formation by promoting mitochondria-mediated macrophage apoptosis in advanced atherosclerotic lesions
Authors: Koga Jun-ichiro , Umezu Ryuta , Shirouzu Tomohiro , Kondo Yuki , Orkhonselenge Nasanbadrakh , Ueno Hiromichi , Katsuki Shunsuke , Matoba Tetsuya , Nishimura Yosuke , Kataoka Masaharu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn advanced atherosclerotic lesions, apoptotic cell death of plaque macrophages results in necrotic core formation and plaque vulnerability. Cyclophilin D (CypD) is a mitochondria-specific cyclophilin involved in the process of cell death after organ ischemia-reperfusion. However, the role of CypD in atherosclerosis, especially in necrotic core formation, is unknown.MethodsTo clarify the specific role of CypD, apolipoprotein-E/CypD-double knockout (ApoE-/-CypD-/-) mice were generated. These mice were fed a high-fat diet containing 0.15% cholesterol for 24 weeks to accelerate atherosclerotic lesion development.ResultsThe deletion of CypD decreased the necrotic core size, accompanied by a reduction of macrophage apoptosis compared to control ApoE-/-mice. In RAW264.7 cells treated with endoplasmic reticulum stress inducer thapsigargin, the release of cytochrome c to the cytosol was attenuated by siRNA-mediated knockdown of CypD. Ly-6Chighinflammatory monocytes in the peripheral blood leukocytes and mRNA expression ofIl1bin the aorta were decreased by the deletion of CypD. In contrast, siRNA-mediated knockdown of CypD did not significantly decreaseIl1bnorCcl2mRNA expression in RAW264.7 cells treated with LPS and IFN-γ, suggesting that inhibition of inflammationin vivois likely due to decreased cell death in the atherosclerotic lesions rather than a direct action of CypD deletion on the macrophage.ConclusionsThis is the first report showing that CypD induces macrophage death and promotes necrotic core formation in advanced atherosclerotic lesions. CypD could be a novel therapeutic target for treating atherosclerotic vascular diseases.
High-throughput, microscopy-based screening, and quantification of genetic elements
Authors: Zhang Rongrong , Huang Yajia , Li Mei , Wang Lei , Li Bing , Xia Aiguo , Li Ye , Yang Shuai , Jin Fan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSynthetic biology relies on the screening and quantification of genetic components to assemble sophisticated gene circuits with specific functions. Microscopy is powerful tool for characterizing complex cellular phenotypes with increasing spatial and temporal resolution to library screening of genetic elements. Microscopy-based assays are powerful tools for characterizing cellular phenotypes with spatial and temporal resolution, and can be applied to large-scale samples for library screening of genetic elements. However, strategies for high-throughput microscopy experiments remain limited. Here, we present a high-throughput, microscopy-based platform that can simultaneously complete the preparation of an 8×12-well agarose pads plate, allowing for the screening of 96 independent strains or experimental conditions in a single experiment. Using this platform, we screened a library of natural intrinsic promoters fromPseudomonas aeruginosaand identified a small subset of robust promoters that drives stable levels of gene expression under varying growth conditions. Additionally, the platform allowed for single-cell measurement of genetic elements over time, enabling the identification of complex and dynamic phenotypes to map genotype in high-throughput. We expected that the platform could be employed to accelerate the identification and characterization of genetic elements in various biological systems, as well as to understand the relationship between cellular phenotypes and internal states, including genotypes and gene expression programs.Impact statementThe high-throughput microscopy-based platform, presented in this study, enables efficient screening of 96 independent strains or experimental conditions in a single experiment, facilitating the rapid identification of genetic elements with desirable features, thereby advancing synthetic biology. The robust promoters identified through this platform, which provide predictable and consistent control over gene expression under varying growth conditions, can be utilized as reliable tools to regulate gene expression in various biological applications, including synthetic biology, metabolic engineering, and gene therapy, where consistent system performance is required.
Structural Degeneration of the Nucleus basalis of Meynert in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease – Evidence from an MRI-based Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mieling Marthe , Meier Hannah , Bunzeck Nico 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRecent models of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) suggest that neuropathological changes of the medial temporal lobe, especially entorhinal cortex, are preceded by degenerations of the cholinergic Nucleus basalis of Meynert (NbM). Evidence from imaging studies in humans, however, is limited. Therefore, we performed an activation-likelihood estimation meta-analysis on whole brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) MRI data from 54 experiments and 2581 subjects in total. It revealed, compared to healthy older controls, reduced gray matter in the bilateral NbM in AD, but only limited evidence for such an effect in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which typically precedes AD. Both patient groups showed less gray matter in the amygdala and hippocampus, with hints towards more pronounced amygdala effects in AD. We discuss our findings in the context of studies that highlight the importance of the cholinergic basal forebrain in learning and memory throughout the life span, and conclude that they are partly compatible with pathological staging models suggesting initial and pronounced structural degenerations within the NbM in the progression of AD.
Functional development of eye movements and visuomotor circuits in lampreys
Authors: Barandela Marta , Núñez-González Carmen , Suzuki Daichi G. , Jiménez-López Cecilia , Pombal Manuel A. , Pérez-Fernández Juan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAnimals constantly redirect their gaze away or towards relevant targets and, besides these goal-oriented responses, stabilizing movements clamp the visual scene avoiding image blurring. The vestibulo-ocular (VOR) and the optokinetic reflexes are the main contributors to gaze stabilization, whereas the optic tectum integrates multisensory information and generates orienting/evasive gaze movements in all vertebrates. Lampreys show a unique stepwise development of the visual system whose understanding provides important insights into the evolution and development of vertebrate vision. Although the developmental emergence of the visual components, and the retinofugal pathways have been described, the functional development of the visual system and the development of the downstream pathways controlling gaze are still unknown. Here, we show that VOR followed by light-evoked eye movements are the first to appear already in larvae, despite their burrowed lifestyle. However, the circuits controlling goal-oriented responses emerge later, in larvae in nonparasitic lampreys but during late metamorphosis in parasitic lampreys. The appearance of stabilizing responses earlier than goal-oriented likely reflects their evolution, and its stepwise emergence offers a unique opportunity to isolate the functioning of their underlying circuits.
Rosalind Brewer – the leadership journey
Authors: Kumar K B S , Perepu Indu 
Published: September 2023

Social implications
Addresses the issue of Gender Equality – UN Sustainable Development Goal No.5. Discusses the topic of diversity, equity and inclusion. Presents the challenges faced by women of color in workplace and shows the capabilities needed to overcome these challenges.

Learning outcomes
Analyze the capabilities that women of color need to become successful leaders. Explore the importance of Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DEI) in organizations and the role played by leaders in promoting DEI. Understand what inclusive leadership is. Examine the strategic leadership skills that leaders need to possess.

Case overview/synopsis
In March 2021, one of the largest drugstore chains in the USA, Walgreens Boots Alliance, a US$140bn company, announced that Rosalind Brewer (Brewer) (she) would be its new CEO. With the announcement, Brewer became the third black woman in history to lead a Fortune 500 company. After graduating in organic chemistry, Brewer joined Kimberly Clark and went on to lead the Nonwovens business. She then joined Walmart as Vice President. Brewer then moved to Starbucks as Head of Operations. Being an inclusive leader, Brewer brought in several changes to smoothen the operations and make the organizations employee-friendly. At the same time, as a black woman in a leadership position, she faced several challenges, which she overcame. As an advocate of DEI, Brewer strove to take diversity beyond just numbers. After becoming the CEO Boots Walgreens, Brewer was looking at taking medicines to masses and making healthcare affordable and available.

Complexity academic level
MBA/MS/Executive Education.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CCS 6: Human Resources.
Shopper’s Darbar: entrepreneurial initiative by the women, for the women (Case A)
Authors: Singh Namrata , Chakraborty Ishani , Khare Aparna 
Published: September 2023

Learning outcomes
The learning outcomes of this study are as follows: this case deliberates the strategic design and business model that provides entrepreneurial opportunities to re-sellers and small business owners; this case discusses the complexities and opportunities related to using social media (Facebook) as a selling platform; this case provides a thorough understanding of the direct-to-consumer model; this case helps students understand the concept of social commerce in emerging markets; and this case discusses brand-building tactics, particularly for online businesses.

Case overview/synopsis
This case is about the entrepreneurial venture of three women on Facebook. A venture that started with the simple thought of creating a trusted selling and buying platform with convenience has turned into an opportunity for thousands of other women to become entrepreneurs and start their businesses with minimum investment and low risk. Shoppers Darbar is an online shopping portal on Facebook that started in 2016. This is a private group exclusively for women with more than 165,000 registered members, which saw a boom during the pandemic and merged as a parallel platform of e-commerce retail sites and physical stores and exhibitions. Although social commerce in India is still in its growing stage, it is facing indirect competition and an identity crisis. Hence, to build Shoppers Darbar as a brand and retain vendors, founders need to find methods within Shoppers Darbar’s limited means to sustain and create a community of sellers and buyers for getting more and more business for the vendors associated with them.

Complexity academic level
Postgraduate level.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes Consent Letter Annexure 1.

Subject code
CCS 3: Entrepreneurship
Avatar design in Metaverse: the effect of avatar-user similarity in procedural and creative tasks
Authors: Zhu Runge , Yi Cheng 
Published: September 2023

PurposeThrough the lens of self-perception theory, this paper investigates how avatar design (i.e. avatar user similarity) affects users' self-awareness and shapes their task engagement and performance in the Metaverse.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a 2 (avatar user similarity: high vs low) × 2 (task type: procedural vs creative) lab experiment and collected data from questionnaires, the recording of users' behavior during tasks and their actual task performance.FindingsThe results show that higher avatar user similarity leads to higher task engagement in general. Furthermore, while a similar avatar promotes users to regulate their behaviors and achieve better performance in a procedural task, high similarity also inhibits users' creativity by invoking habitual thinking, resulting in worse performance in generating original ideas in a creative task.Originality/valueThis study is expected to contribute to the information systems literature by revealing the value of avatar design and providing new perspectives on improving users' experiences in the Metaverse.
The role of microbiota in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A review of the literature
Authors: Chiang Hsueh‐Chien , Hughes Michael , Chang Wei‐Lun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEsophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) exhibits high incidence with poor prognosis. Alcohol drinking, cigarette smoking, and betel nut chewing are well‐known risk factors. Dysbiosis, an imbalance of the microbiota residing in a local environment, is known to be associated with human diseases, especially cancer. This article reviews the current evidence of esophageal microbiota in ESCC carcinogenesis, including initiation, progression, and drug resistance. Articles involving the esophageal microbiota, diagnosis, treatment, and the progression of esophageal cancer were acquired using a comprehensive literature search in PubMed in recent 10 years. Based on 16S rRNA sequencing of human samples, cell, and animal studies, current evidence suggests dysbiosis of the esophagus promotes ESCC progression and chemotherapy resistance, leading to a poor prognosis. Smoking and drinking are associated with esophageal dysbiosis. Specific bacteria have been reported to promote carcinogenesis, involving either progression or drug resistance in ESCC, for example Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. These bacteria promote ESCC cell proliferation and migration via the TLR4/NF‐κB and IL‐6/STAT3 pathways. F. nucleatum induces cisplatin resistance via the enrichment of immunosuppressive myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Correcting the dysbiosis and reducing the abundance of specific esophageal pathogens may help in suppressing cancer progression. In conclusion, esophageal dysbiosis is associated with ESCC progression and chemoresistance. Screening the oral and esophageal microbiota is a potential diagnostic tool for predicting ESCC development or drug‐resistance. Repairing esophageal dysbiosis is a novel treatment for ESCC. Clinical trials with probiotics in addition to current chemotherapy are warranted to study the therapeutic effects.