bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Venous anatomy of the left ventricular summit region: Insights from high‐speed rotational retrograde angiography
Authors: Mi Lijie , Zhang Kuo , Zhang Hongda , Ding Lei , Yu Fengyuan , Weng Sixian , Jiang Zihan , Zhang Aikai , Dong Xiaonan , Tang Min 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionMapping and ablation through the coronary venous system (CVS) have shown potential for ventricular arrhythmias originating from the left ventricular summit (LVS). Multielectrode catheters and balloons are frequently used for mapping and venous ethanol ablation (VEA). However, there is limited data on the venous size and drainage condition in the LVS region. This study aimed to investigate the morphology, angiographic size, and drainage condition of LV summit veins via high‐speed rotational angiography (RA).MethodsWe measured and analyzed the size of the great cardiac vein (GCV), the anterior interventricular vein (AIV), veins near to the LVS, and other main tributaries of CVS in 102 patients undergoing electrophysiology study.ResultsRotational retrograde angiography of LVS was successfully performed in 81 patients. The diameter of GCV at the level of the Vieussens valve and the distal end of GCV (junction of GCV‐AIV) was larger in males than females (6.8 ± 1.1 vs. 5.6 ± 1.2 mm, p < .001; 5.2 ± 0.9 vs. 4.6 ± 0.8, p = .002, respectively) while no significant gender differences were observed in other tributaries. The LV summit veins presented downward drainage direction in half of the patients, indicating potential anatomic adjacency with His bundle. Left anterior oblique (LAO) 45° projection might provide the practical and optimal view of the LV summit veins.ConclusionsThe coronary veins of the LVS region present various anatomical morphologies and ostium sizes. We provide a systematic description and angiographic size spectrum of CVS. RA could facilitate assessing the feature of CVS comprehensively.
Treat‐to‐target in dermatology: A scoping review and International Eczema Council survey on the approach in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Renert‐Yuval Yael , Del Duca Ester , Arents Bernd , Bissonnette Robert , Drucker Aaron M. , Flohr Carsten , Guttman‐Yassky Emma , Hijnen Dirkjan , Kabashima Kenji , Leshem Yael A. , Paller Amy S. , Silverberg Jonathan I. , Simpson Eric L. , Spuls Phyllis , Vestergaard Christian , Wollenberg Andreas , Irvine Alan D. , Thyssen Jacob P. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTreat‐to‐target (T2T) is a pragmatic therapeutic strategy being gradually introduced into dermatology after adoption in several other clinical areas. Atopic dermatitis (AD), one of the most common inflammatory skin diseases, may also benefit from this structured and practical therapeutic approach. We aimed to evaluate existing data regarding the T2T approach in dermatology, with a specific focus on AD, as well as the views of International Eczema Council (IEC) members on the potential application of a T2T approach to AD management. To do so, we systematically searched for peer‐reviewed publications on the T2T approach for any skin disease in the PubMed and Scopus databases up to February 2022 and conducted a survey among IEC members regarding various components to potentially include in a T2T approach in AD. We identified 21 relevant T2T‐related reports in dermatology, of which 14 were related to psoriasis, five to AD, one for juvenile dermatomyositis and one for urticaria. In the IEC member survey, respondents proposed treatable traits (with itch, disease severity and sleep problems getting the highest scores), relevant comorbidities (with asthma being selected most commonly, followed by anxiety and depression in adults), recommended specialists that should define the approach in AD (dermatologists, allergists and primary care physicians were most commonly selected in adults), and applicable assessment tools (both physician‐ and patient‐reported), in both adult and paediatric patients, for potential future utilization of the T2T approach in AD. In conclusion, while the T2T approach may become a useful tool to simplify therapeutic goals and AD management, its foundation in AD is only starting to build. A multidisciplinary approach, including a wide range of stakeholders, including patients, is needed to further define the essential components needed to utilize T2T in AD.
Phenotypic variation and genomic variation in insect virulence traits reveal patterns of intraspecific diversity in a locust-specific fungal pathogen
Authors: Parker Dinah , Meyling Nicolai V. , De Fine Licht Henrik H. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntraspecific pathogen diversity is crucial for understanding the evolution and maintenance of adaptation in host–pathogen interactions. Traits associated with virulence are often a significant source of variation directly impacted by local selection pressures. The specialist fungal entomopathogen, Metarhizium acridum, has been widely implemented as a biological control agent of locust pests in tropical regions of the world. However, few studies have accounted for natural intraspecific phenotypic and genetic variation. Here, we examine the diversity of nine isolates of M. acridum spanning the known geographic distribution, in terms of (1) virulence towards two locust species, (2) growth rates on three diverse nutrient sources, and (3) comparative genomics to uncover genomic variability. Significant variability in patterns of virulence and growth was shown among the isolates, suggesting intraspecific ecological specialization. Different patterns of virulence were shown between the two locust species, indicative of potential host preference. Additionally, a high level of diversity among M. acridum isolates was observed, revealing increased variation in subtilisin-like proteases from the Pr1 family. These results culminate in the first in-depth analysis regarding multiple facets of natural variation in M. acridum, offering opportunities to understand critical evolutionary drivers of intraspecific diversity in pathogens.AbstractExploring the intricate world of host–pathogen interactions, our study delves into the diverse landscape of Metarhizium acridum, a specialist fungal entomopathogen. By dissecting patterns of virulence, growth dynamics, and genomic variability across its geographic distribution, we unveil compelling evidence of intraspecific diversity. Our findings highlight varying virulence patterns among distinct locust species and a notable abundance of gene diversity, particularly in subtilisin-like proteases. These insights shed light on potential evolutionary drivers shaping natural variation within M. acridum.
Sex-specific trait architecture in a spider with sexual size dimorphism
Authors: Kralj-Fišer Simona , Kuntner Matjaž , Debes Paul Vincent 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Sexual dimorphism, or sex-specific trait expression, may evolve when selection favours different optima for the same trait between sexes, that is, under antagonistic selection. Intra-locus sexual conflict exists when the sexually dimorphic trait under antagonistic selection is based on genes shared between sexes. A common assumption is that the presence of sexual-size dimorphism (SSD) indicates that sexual conflict has been, at least partly, resolved via decoupling of the trait architecture between sexes. However, whether and how decoupling of the trait architecture between sexes has been realized often remains unknown. We tested for differences in architecture of adult body size between sexes in a species with extreme SSD, the African hermit spider (Nephilingis cruentata), where adult female body size greatly exceeds that of males. Specifically, we estimated the sex-specific importance of genetic and maternal effects on adult body size among individuals that we laboratory-reared for up to eight generations. Quantitative genetic model estimates indicated that size variation in females is to a larger extent explained by direct genetic effects than by maternal effects, but in males to a larger extent by maternal than by genetic effects. We conclude that this sex-specific body-size architecture enables body-size evolution to proceed much more independently than under a common architecture to both sexes.
Abstract
Variation for body size of female and male African hermit spiders—a species with extreme female-biased sexual size dimorphism—shows sex-differences in the contributions by direct genetic and maternal components. Body size variation of females shows considerable direct genetic and only little maternal contribution, whereas body size variation of males shows little or no direct genetic contribution but considerable maternal contribution.
Population dynamics of the long‐snouted seahorse (Hippocampus guttulatus Cuvier, 1829) in the Mar Menor coastal lagoon
Authors: Vivas M. , Peñalver J. , Oliver J. A. , López Giraldo J. D. , Mena C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA 10‐year monitoring program was developed to quantify the population dynamics of the long‐snouted seahorse population in the Mar Menor coastal lagoon. Based on 985 underwater visual censuses, we estimated the long‐snouted seahorse (Hippocampus guttulatus Cuvier, 1829) population size in the Mar Menor lagoon and its reduction in size in the last decades, as well as the effect of eutrophication crises in 2016 and 2019 on the species. The annual recruitment for the 2013–2020 period was estimated by comparing the relative abundance of early seahorse life stages in the ichthyoplankton. The density ranged from 0.0458 specimens/m3 at the beginning of the sampling period to 0.0004 at the end, showing a statistically significant difference between the three analyzed periods (Hgl=2 = 14.0, p = 0.001). The long‐snouted seahorse population from the Mar Menor lagoon exemplifies the impact of fishing activities and human pressure, especially euxinic episodes and habitat destruction. As a result of this, the Mar Menor population has decreased from several million specimens to a few thousand, in only three decades. This species showed considerable resilience, the seahorse population began to recover once fishing activity stopped. In contrast, the long‐snouted seahorse showed high vulnerability to habitat loss and an episodic flooding event. Adult seahorses showed preferences for highly complex habitats, especially Caulerpa prolifera–Cymodocea nodosa mixed meadows and habitats of high complexity and anthropogenic origin, such as harbors, jetties, or breakwaters. In contrast, juvenile seahorses preferred monotonous seabeds with low complexity, such as the sandy beds that are characteristic of the Mar Menor lagoon littoral.
Adult psychiatric and psychosocial outcomes of children with mild intellectual disability: a register follow‐up of a population‐based cohort
Authors: Landgren V. , Hedman E. , Lindblad I. , Gillberg C. , Fernell E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundVery few longitudinal psychiatric and psychosocial outcome studies of children with mild intellectual disability (MID) have been performed.MethodsThe study group was population based and consisted of 82 individuals, born in 1979–1985 and diagnosed in childhood at ages between 3 and 15 years with MID. In the present study, register data regarding school attendance, employment, economic situation, psychiatric diagnoses and criminal sentences were retrieved for the years 1997–2018, when the individuals were up to 39 years old.ResultsAt follow‐up, data were obtained for 78 of the 82 individuals (47 male and 31 female). Mean age at follow‐up was 36 years. Of the 78 individuals, 57 (73%) had exclusively received education for pupils with MID, but 21 (27%) had graduated from regular education of some sort (at least 9 years). Forty‐four (56%) had never been employed, and 34 (44%) had been registered as employed for at least a shorter period. Forty‐seven (60%) had received a sick pension at some point in adulthood. Of the 78 individuals, 44 (56%) had any psychiatric disorder recorded and about half of these (n = 21) had had inpatient treatment. A total of 31 of the 44 individuals in psychiatric care (70%) had ID noted as one of their diagnoses. Of the 78 individuals, 48 (62%) had support from the Act concerning Support and Service for Persons with Certain Functional Impairments (Swedish LSS law) as adults. Twenty‐one individuals (27%) had had a criminal conviction, of whom five male individuals had been incarcerated.ConclusionsIndividuals with MID constitute a heterogeneous group with regard to severity of functional impairment, co‐occurring psychiatric disorders and need of support from society. Primary health care, psychiatry and habilitation services need to work together in order to meet the multiple needs of this group.
Three‐dimensional analysis of mandibular and mental canals corroborating with teeth and mental foramen by cone beam computed tomography
Authors: Xu Wenke , Wang Bing , Jia Lu , Ge Shaohua , Shao Jinlong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to analyse the 3D patterns of the mandibular and mental canals (MDC and MC) referring to the surrounding prominent surgical landmarks such as teeth and mental foramen by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).MethodsCBCT scans of 354 patients aged 18–67 years with mandibular first premolar to second molar were included and reconstructed 3‐dimensionally (3D) by mimics. The parameters of MDC and MC were measured referring to teeth and mental foramen.ResultsFrom the first premolars to the second molars, the mandibular canals showed a trend of gradually closer to the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) of the adjacent teeth and farther away from the buccal cortical plate. The distance of the MDC with the root apexes (RA) was relatively constant from the first premolar to the first molar, but became much closer to the second molar. About 10.8% of the second molars had MDC‐RA distances of shorter than 2 mm, and 1.34% even had the MDC superior to the RA. Moreover, the Type III of MC presented in 66.0% of the subjects and had a relatively longer length. Besides, the existence of Type I MC may be related to the MDC featuring with close distances to the RA and CEJ of the adjacent teeth.ConclusionDentists and surgeons should know the patterns of mandibular and mental canals. A better understanding of the MDC and MC and their relationship to local anatomical landmarks may facilitate the planning of surgeries and alert potential nerve injuries in the operative procedures.
iMS‐Bmal1−/− mice show evident signs of sarcopenia that are counteracted by exercise and melatonin therapies
Authors: Fernández‐Martínez José , Ramírez‐Casas Yolanda , Aranda‐Martínez Paula , López‐Rodríguez Alba , Sayed Ramy K. A. , Escames Germaine , Acuña‐Castroviejo Darío 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSarcopenia is an age‐related disease characterized by a reduction in muscle mass, strength, and function and, therefore, a deterioration in skeletal muscle health and frailty. Although the cause of sarcopenia is still unknown and, thus, there is no treatment, increasing evidence suggests that chronodisruption, particularly alterations in Bmal1 clock gene, can lead to those deficits culminating in sarcopenia. To gain insight into the cause and mechanism of sarcopenia and the protective effect of a therapeutic intervention with exercise and/or melatonin, the gastrocnemius muscles of male and female skeletal muscle‐specific and inducible Bmal1 knockout mice (iMS‐Bmal1−/−) were examined by phenotypic tests and light and electron microscopy. Our results revealed a disruption of the normal activity/rest rhythm, a drop in skeletal muscle function and mass, and increased frailty in male and female iMS‐Bmal1−/− animals compared to controls. A reduction in muscle fiber size and increased collagenous tissue were also detected, accompanied by reduced mitochondrial oxidative capacity and a compensatory shift towards a more oxidative fiber type. Electron microscopy further supports mitochondrial impairment in mutant mice. Melatonin and exercise ameliorated the damage caused by loss of Bmal1 in mutant mice, except for mitochondrial damage, which was worsened by the latter. Thus, iMS‐Bmal1−/− mice let us to identify Bmal1 deficiency as the responsible for the appearance of sarcopenia in the gastrocnemius muscle. Moreover, the results support the exercise and melatonin as therapeutic tools to counteract sarcopenia, by a mechanism that does not require the presence of Bmal1.
Intravesical injections of autologousplatelet‐richplasma for the treatment of refractory interstitial cystitis
Authors: Kuo Hann‐Chorng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe urothelium acts as a barrier for the urinary bladder that prevents the influx of urinary toxic substances, electrolytes, urea nitrogen, and pathogens into the circulation. Acute or chronic inflammation of the urinary bladder may impair the regenerative function of urothelial cells and thus urothelial cell differentiation. In an inflamed bladder wall, mature apical cells are defective, resulting in impaired barrier function and thus increased urothelial permeability. This is considered to be the potential mechanism of the symptom trigger in patients with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). Previous studies have revealed that increased bladder inflammation, impaired urothelial cell maturation, a defective umbrella cell barrier, and defective junction proteins are prominent in IC/BPS bladders. Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) contains many growth factors and cytokines that are essential proteins for modulating inflammation and promoting tissue regeneration and thus wound healing. As such, PRP has been used as a regenerative therapy in many medical fields. Our preliminary studies have demonstrated that multiple intravesical PRP injections could improve symptoms in 70% of IC/BPS patients. Repeated PRP treatments also improve junctional protein, increase cytoskeleton protein expression, and decrease urinary inflammatory proteins. These preliminary results suggest that PRP injections might reduce bladder inflammation and improve urothelial cell regeneration in IC/BPS patients. This article reviews recently published clinical and basic research on the treatment potential of PRP for IC/BPS patients.
The politics of irrationality
Authors: Denyer Willis Laurie , Kayendeke Miriam , Chandler Clare IR 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn siloed discussions of antimicrobial resistance, antibiotic use on farms in the Global South has emerged as a key site for intervention. The antibiotic consumption targeted is not all consumption, but “irrational” consumption. This concept of irrationality is neither new, nor true, but rather is a long‐standing form of maintenance work within global health systems. Via an attention to chickens and the antibiotics farmers use to raise them in the suburbs of Kampala, we suggest that claims of irrationality are a central part of constituting what Tania Li has called the ‘deficient subject’. In other words, irrationality, like the chicken and the antibiotic, is itself a humanitarian device that maintains a certain condition of governance where ‘Africans’ are imagined as being in deficit of rationality and good behavior. Claims of irrationality justify (and mask the political nature of) intervention.
Construction of a risk prediction model for detecting postintensive care syndrome—mental disorders
Authors: Wang Faying , Li Jingshu , Fan Yuying , Qi Xiaona 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundPostintensive care syndrome (PICS) has adverse multidimensional effects on nearly half of the patients discharged from ICU. Mental disorders such as anxiety, depression and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are the most common psychological problems for patients with PICS with harmful complications. However, developing prediction models for mental disorders in post‐ICU patients is an understudied problem.AimsTo explore the risk factors of PICS mental disorders, establish the prediction model and verify its prediction efficiency.Study DesignIn this cohort study, data were collected from 393 patients hospitalized in the ICU of a tertiary hospital from April to September 2022. Participants were randomly assigned to modelling and validation groups using a 7:3 ratio. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression analysis was performed to select the predictors, multiple logistic regression analysis was used to establish the risk prediction model, and a dynamic nomogram was developed. The Hosmer–Lemeshow (HL) test was performed to determine the model's goodness of fit. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the model's prediction efficiency.ResultsThe risk factors of mental disorders were Sepsis‐related organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), delirium duration, ICU depression score and ICU sleep score. The HL test revealed that p = .249, the area under the ROC curve = 0.860, and the corresponding sensitivity and specificity were 84.8% and 71.0%, respectively. The area under the ROC curve of the verification group was 0.848. A mental disorders dynamic nomogram for post‐ICU patients was developed based on the regression model.ConclusionsThe prediction model provides a reference for clinically screening patients at high risk of developing post‐ICU mental disorders, to enable the implementation of timely preventive management measures.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe dynamic nomogram can be used to systematically monitor various factors associated with mental disorders. Furthermore, nurses need to develop and apply accurate nursing interventions that consider all relevant variables.
Simplification of soil biota communities impairs nutrient recycling and enhances above‐ and belowground nitrogen losses
Authors: Bender S. Franz , Schulz Stefanie , Martínez‐Cuesta Rubén , Laughlin Ronald J. , Kublik Susanne , Pfeiffer‐Zakharova Kristina , Vestergaard Gisle , Hartman Kyle , Parladé Eloi , Römbke Jörg , Watson Catherine J. , Schloter Michael , van der Heijden Marcel G. A. 
Published: September 2023

Summary

Agriculture is a major source of nutrient pollution, posing a threat to the earth system functioning. Factors determining the nutrient use efficiency of plant–soil systems need to be identified to develop strategies to reduce nutrient losses while ensuring crop productivity. The potential of soil biota to tighten nutrient cycles by improving plant nutrition and reducing soil nutrient losses is still poorly understood.

We manipulated soil biota communities in outdoor lysimeters, planted maize, continuously collected leachates, and measured N2O‐ and N2‐gas emissions after a fertilization pulse to test whether differences in soil biota communities affected nutrient recycling and N losses.

Lysimeters with strongly simplified soil biota communities showed reduced crop N (−20%) and P (−58%) uptake, strongly increased N leaching losses (+65%), and gaseous emissions (+97%) of N2O and N2. Soil metagenomic analyses revealed differences in the abundance of genes responsible for nutrient uptake, nitrate reduction, and denitrification that helped explain the observed nutrient losses.

Soil biota are major drivers of nutrient cycling and reductions in the diversity or abundance of certain groups (e.g. through land‐use intensification) can disrupt nutrient cycling, reduce agricultural productivity and nutrient use efficiency, and exacerbate environmental pollution and global warming.