bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Platinum-group elements (PGE) in the New Afton alkalic Cu-Au porphyry deposit, Canadian Cordillera, II: PGE distribution and models for the hydrothermal coprecipitation of Co-Ni-Pd-Pt in pyrite
Authors: Robb Samuel J. , Boucher Brandon M. , Mungall James E. , Hanley Jacob J. 
Published: August 2023

The first part of this article can be found here: 10.3389/feart.2023.819129 (DOI). Occurrences of significant concentrations of platinum-group elements (PGE) in porphyry deposits have seen limited attention and the geochemical controls on their deposition are poorly understood. New Afton is a late Triassic alkalic Cu-Au porphyry deposit situated 10 km west of Kamloops, British Columbia with Pt and Pd enrichments locally exceeding 30 ppm. Primary PGE deposition accompanied hypogene Cu-Au mineralization linked to potassic alteration, with Pt and Pd deportment dominated by their inclusion in early Ni- and Co-rich pyrite with secondary amounts of platinum-group minerals (PGM) mertieite-II, isomertieite &gt; temagamite, and kotulskite. Secondary hydrothermal alteration of hypogene PGE-rich pyrite promoted remobilization of PGE, creating vein-controlled PGE enrichment where essentially all Pt and Pd are hosted by PGM dominated by temagamite &gt; mertieite-II, and sperrylite, leaving behind complementary PGE-depleted domains. Thermodynamic modelling shows that primary co-precipitation of Pt with Co and Pd with Ni can be explained solely through the cooling of a hydrothermal system, regardless of whether the mineralizing fluid was a brine or a low-density vapour. Pd and Pt were transported from an underlying magma reservoir into the porphyry system by a magmatic-hydrothermal fluid as Cl− complexes. Pt-rich cobaltian pyrite formed at the highest temperatures, whereas Pd-rich nickeliferous pyrite formed at somewhat lower temperatures. Zonation of metals in pyrite suggests that PGE were incorporated in pyrite under conditions of fluctuating fluid temperatures during transport and cooling of orthomagmatic fluids during the main Cu-Au mineralization stage. There exists a hitherto overlooked potential for significant Pt and Pd mineralization in early hypogene pyrite that may be spatially separated from visible Cu mineralization, especially in potassic or ultrapotassic systems.
Obesity and risk for respiratory diseases: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Yang Wenwen , Yang Yanjiang , Guo Yan , Guo Jinde , Ma Minjie , Han Biao 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundNo existing comprehensive Mendelian randomization studies have focused on how obesity affects respiratory diseases.MethodsBMI and waist circumference, mainly from the UK Biobank, and 35 respiratory diseases from the FinnGen Biobank were subjected to Mendelian randomization analyses. In this study, the inverse variance weighting method was used as the predominant analysis method and was complemented by MR-Egger and weighted median methods. Horizontal pleiotropy and potential outliers were detected by employing the MR-PRESSO method.Results:This study indicated that obesity rises the possibility of acute upper respiratory infections (BMI: OR=1.131, p&lt;0.0001; WC: OR=1.097, p=0.00406), acute sinusitis (BMI: OR=1.161, p=0.000262; WC: OR=1.209, p=0.000263), acute pharyngitis (WC: OR=1.238, p=0.0258), acute laryngitis and tracheitis (BMI: OR=1.202, p=0.0288; WC: OR=1.381, p=0.00192), all influenza (BMI: OR=1.243, p=0.000235; WC: OR=1.206, p=0.0119), viral pneumonia (WC: OR=1.446, p=0.000870), all pneumoniae (BMI: OR=1.174, p &lt;0.0001; WC: OR=1.272, p &lt;0.0001), bacterial pneumoniae (BMI: OR=1.183, p=0.000290; WC: OR=1.274, p&lt;0.0001), acute bronchitis (BMI: OR=1.252, p &lt;0.0001; WC: OR=1.237, p=0.000268), acute unspecified lower respiratory infection (BMI: OR=1.303, p=0.000403), chronic tonsils and adenoids diseases (BMI: OR=1.236, p &lt;0.0001; WC: OR=1.178, p=0.000157), chronic laryngotracheitis and laryngitis (WC: OR=1.300, p=0.00785), COPD (BMI: OR=1.429, p &lt;0.0001; WC: OR=1.591, p &lt;0.0001), asthma (BMI: OR=1.358, p &lt;0.0001; WC: OR=1.515, p &lt;0.0001), necrotic and suppurative conditions of lower respiratory tract (WC: OR=1.405, p=0.0427), pleural effusion (BMI: OR=1.277, p=0.00225; WC: OR=1.561, p&lt;0.0001), pleural plaque (BMI: OR=1.245, p=0.0312), other diseases of the respiratory system (BMI: OR=1.448, p &lt;0.0001; WC: OR=1.590, p &lt;0.0001), and non-small cell lung cancer (BMI: OR=1.262, p=0.00576; WC: OR=1.398, p=0.00181). This study also indicated that obesity decreases the possibility of bronchiectasis (BMI: OR=0.705; p=0.00200).Conclusion:This study revealed that obesity increases the risk of the majority of respiratory diseases (including 20 of all 35 respiratory diseases) and that obesity decreases the risk of bronchiectasis.
Neutrophil extracellular traps and neutrophil-related mediators in human thyroid cancer
Authors: Modestino Luca , Cristinziano Leonardo , Poto Remo , Ventrici Annagioia , Trocchia Marialuisa , Ferrari Silvia Martina , Fallahi Poupak , Paparo Sabrina Rosaria , Marone Gianni , Antonelli Alessandro , Varricchi Gilda , Galdiero Maria Rosaria 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundPolymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are the main effector cells in inflammatory responses and play multiple roles in thyroid cancer (TC). PMNs contain and release a plethora of mediators, including granular enzymes [e.g., myeloperoxidase (MPO), pentraxin-3 (PTX3) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)], and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The aim of this study was to evaluate NETs and neutrophil-derived mediators as possible biomarkers in TC patients.Methods20 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), 26 patients with dedifferentiated thyroid cancer (De-DTC), 26 patients with multinodular goiter (MNG) and 22 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. Serum concentrations of free DNA (dsDNA), nucleosomes, citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3) and MPO-DNA complexes were evaluated as NET biomarkers. Neutrophil-related mediators such as MPO, PTX3, MMP-9, CXCL8, and granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were measured by ELISA.ResultsSerum levels of all four NET biomarkers were increased in DeDTC patients compared to HCs. CitH3 serum levels were selectively increased in both DeDTC and DTC patients compared to HCs and MNG patients. MPO-DNA complexes and nucleosomes were selectively increased only in DeDTC patients compared to HCs and MNG patients. Moreover, MPO-DNA complexes were selectively increased in DeDTC patients compared to DTC patients also. MPO circulating levels were selectively increased in the DeDTC patient subgroup compared to HCs. Circulating levels of PTX3, MMP-9 and GM-CSF were increased in DTC and DeDTC patients compared to HCs. Nucleosomes positively correlated with dsDNA, CitH3, MPO and CXCL8. MPO-DNA complexes positively correlated with dsDNA, CitH3, CXCL8, MPO and nucleosome levels. Moreover, three out of the four NET biomarkers (i.e., dsDNA, nucleosomes and MPO-DNA complexes) were increased in elderly patients compared to young patients and in patients with metastatic disease at diagnosis compared to non metastatic patients. Nucleosomes were higher in males compared to females.ConclusionMPO-DNA complexes, nucleosomes and, to some extent, CitH3 levels seem to correlate with malignancy and severity of progressive TC. Moreover, serum concentrations of PMN-related mediators (MPO, PTX3, GM-CSF) were increased in TCs compared to MNG and HCs.
Peripheral blood CD3+HLADR+ cells and associated gut microbiome species predict response and overall survival to immune checkpoint blockade
Authors: Gorgulho Joao , Roderburg Christoph , Beier Fabian , Bokemeyer Carsten , Brümmendorf Tim H. , Luedde Tom , Loosen Sven H. 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundThe search for biomarkers to identify ideal candidates for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy is fundamental. In this study, we analyze peripheral blood CD3+HLADR+ cells (activated T-cells) as a novel biomarker for ICI therapy and how its association to certain gut microbiome species can indicate individual treatment outcomes.MethodsFlow cytometry analysis of peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PBMCs) was performed on n=70 patients undergoing ICI therapy for solid malignancies to quantify HLA-DR on circulating CD3+ cells. 16s-rRNA sequencing of stool samples was performed on n=37 patients to assess relative abundance of gut microbiota.ResultsPatients with a higher frequency of CD3+HLADR+ cells before treatment initiation showed a significantly reduced tumor response and overall survival (OS), a worst response and experienced less toxicities to ICI therapy. As such, patients with a frequency of CD3+HLADR+ cells above an ideal cut-off value of 18.55% had a median OS of only 132 days compared to 569 days for patients below. Patients with increasing CD3+HLADR+ cell counts during therapy had a significantly improved OS. An immune signature score comprising CD3+HLADR+ cells and the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was highly significant for predicting OS before and during therapy. When allied to the relative abundance of microbiota from the Burkholderiales order and the species Bacteroides vulgatus, two immune-microbial scores revealed a promising predictive and prognostic power.ConclusionWe identify the frequencies and dynamics of CD3+HLADR+ cells as an easily accessible prognostic marker to predict outcome to ICIs, and how these could be associated with immune modulating microbiome species. Two unprecedented immune-microbial scores comprising CD3+HLADR+, NLR and relative abundance of gut bacteria from the Burkhorderiales order or Bacteroides vulgatus species could accurately predict OS to immune checkpoint blockade.
Comparison of live and fixed cell-based assay performance: implications for the diagnosis of MOGAD in a low-middle income country
Authors: Pandit Lekha , D’Cunha Anitha , Malli Chaithra , Sudhir Akshatha 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundThough considered optimal, live cell-based assay (LCBA) is often unavailable for the diagnosis of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disorders (MOGAD) in resource-poor regions. This study was undertaken to determine the agreement between LCBA and the widely available fixed cell-based assay (FCBA), for recommending testing guidelines within our region.MethodAll consecutive patients in our registry with a MOGAD phenotype were tested. The results from a commercially available FCBA (Euroimmun, Germany) were compared with a validated “in-house” LCBA. Clinical and MRI data were available for correlation.ResultsAmong the 257 patient samples tested, 118 (45.9%) were positive by FCBA titre ≥1: 10 and or LCBA titres ≥1: 160 titre and 139 samples were negative. There was robust agreement between the two assays (agreement 98.8%, Cohen’s kappa 0.98 [95% CI- 0.95-1.00], Spearman correlation 0.97 (p &lt; 0.0001). Among five discordant samples, four had clinical and or MRI data which supported an alternate diagnosis. There was a modest correlation between assay titres, particularly for samples with titres ≥ 1:100 in FCBA (Spearman’s Rho 0.26, p 0.005). Thirty samples were positive by FCBA at &lt; 1:100 titre and included 1:80 (20),1:40(7) and 1:10 (3) titres. Among them, 80% had clear positive titres when tested by LCBA.ConclusionThe FCBA tested with serum dilutions of 1:10 was highly predictive of MOGAD in our study and compared well with our “in-house” LCBA. The current recommendations for testing at higher dilutions need to be re-examined in light of our findings. The results of our study should ideally be replicated in a larger dataset but at the same time provide some guidance for the accurate diagnosis of MOGAD in resource-poor settings.
Needs and supporting tools for primary care physicians to improve care of patients with vertigo and dizziness: a national survey
Authors: Mantokoudis Georgios , Zwergal Andreas , Heg Dierik , Kerkeni Hassen , Diener Suzie , Kalla Roger , Korda Athanasia , Candreia Claudia , Welge-Lüssen Antje , Tarnutzer Alexander Andrea 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundThe diagnostic workup and treatment decisions for vertigo or dizziness in primary care can be challenging due to the broad range of possible causes and limited time and expertise of physicians. This can lead to delays in treatment and unnecessary tests. We aimed to identify the unmet needs of primary care physicians (PCPs) and strategies to improve care for dizzy patients.Materials and methodsAn online survey was conducted among board-certified PCPs in Switzerland to explore needs in caring for dizzy patients and potential educational approaches.ResultsBased on responses from 152 participating PCPs, satisfaction and confidence were higher in diagnosing (82%) and treating (76%) acute dizziness compared to episodic/chronic cases (63 and 59%, respectively). Younger PCPs had lower diagnostic yield and confidence. Areas for improvement in specialist interactions included communication between physicians (23%/36%; always/often true), shorter waiting times for consultations (19%/40%), more detailed feedback (36%/35%), and consistent patient back referrals (31%/30%). PCPs expressed interest in hands-on courses, workshops, practical guidelines, web-based algorithms, and digital tools such as printed dizzy diaries and apps for follow-up.ConclusionEnhanced dialog between PCPs and specialists is crucial to address the most common unmet needs. Reducing waiting times for referrals and providing clear instructions to specialists for triage are essential. The findings from this survey will guide the development of tools to improve the diagnosis and treatment of dizzy patients. Younger PCPs, who face higher diagnostic uncertainty, should be prioritized for educational approaches such as hands-on courses, workshops, and practical recommendations.
CT radiomics model for predicting the Ki-67 proliferation index of pure-solid non-small cell lung cancer: a multicenter study
Authors: Liu Fen , Li Qingcheng , Xiang Zhiqiang , Li Xiaofang , Li Fangting , Huang Yingqiong , Zeng Ye , Lin Huashan , Fang Xiangjun , Yang Qinglai 
Published: August 2023

PurposeThis study aimed to explore the efficacy of the computed tomography (CT) radiomics model for predicting the Ki-67 proliferation index (PI) of pure-solid non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Materials and methodsThis retrospective study included pure-solid NSCLC patients from five centers. The radiomics features were extracted from thin-slice, non-enhanced CT images of the chest. The minimum redundancy maximum relevance (mRMR) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were used to reduce and select radiomics features. Logistic regression analysis was employed to build predictive models to determine Ki-67-high and Ki-67-low expression levels. Three prediction models were established: the clinical model, the radiomics model, and the nomogram model combining the radiomics signature and clinical features. The prediction efficiency of different models was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC).ResultsA total of 211 NSCLC patients with pure-solid nodules or masses were included in the study (N=117 for the training cohort, N=49 for the internal validation cohort, and N=45 for the external validation cohort). The AUC values for the clinical models in the training, internal validation, and external validation cohorts were 0.73 (95% CI: 0.64–0.82), 0.75 (95% CI:0.62–0.89), and 0.72 (95% CI: 0.57–0.86), respectively. The radiomics models showed good predictive ability in diagnosing Ki-67 expression levels in the training cohort (AUC, 0.81 [95% CI: 0.73-0.89]), internal validation cohort (AUC, 0.81 [95% CI: 0.69-0.93]) and external validation cohort (AUC, 0.78 [95% CI: 0.64-0.91]). Compared to the clinical and radiomics models, the nomogram combining both radiomics signatures and clinical features had relatively better diagnostic performance in all three cohorts, with the AUC of 0.83 (95% CI: 0.76–0.90), 0.83 (95% CI: 0.71–0.94), and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.68–0.93), respectively.ConclusionThe nomogram combining the radiomics signature and clinical features may be a potential non-invasive method for predicting Ki-67 expression levels in patients with pure-solid NSCLC.
Predictive analysis of catecholamines and electrolytes for recurrence of orthostatic intolerance in children
Authors: Chang Lujie , Peng Lu , Liu Jianglin , Wang Minmin , Li Meng , Kong Qingyu , Zhao Haizhao , Zhao Cuifen 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundOrthostatic intolerance (OI) is usually mediated by the autonomic nerve and most often happens in the upright position. However, it can also occur in other positions and can be relieved by lying down while likely to have another attack after relief. In the current study, we aim to evaluate the predictive effect of catecholamines and electrolytes on the recurrence of OI in children.Materials and methodsChildren who were diagnosed with vasovagal syncope (VVS), postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS), and VVS combined with POTS were enrolled in this retrospective study and were followed up after 1-year physical treatment. Catecholamines in urine collected within 24 h, renin, angiotensin II, aldosterone in plasma, and electrolytes in both blood and urine collected in the morning were tested. A multivariate analysis and a receiver operating characteristic curve were used to validate the prediction effect.ResultsIn the VVS cohort, the 24 h urine adrenaline (AD) and norepinephrine (NE) levels of the non-recurrence group were lower than the 24 h urine AD and NE levels of the recurrence group, with a significant difference of P &lt; 0.05. A different content can also be witnessed in the POTS cohort that the urine of the non-recurrence group contained lower sodium and chlorine. As for the VVS + POTS cohort, the non-recurrence group has lower AD and NE levels and higher potassium and phosphorus levels in urine, the difference of which proved prominent as well.ConclusionThe study provides further evidence that AD, NE, and electrolytes in urine are promising factors that are closely related to the recurrence of OI in children. The integrated evaluation system merging AD and NE may have better predictive ability.
Identification of a ferroptosis-related gene signature predicting recurrence in stage II/III colorectal cancer based on machine learning algorithms
Authors: Wang Ze , Ma Chenghao , Teng Qiong , Man Jinyu , Zhang Xuening , Liu Xinjie , Zhang Tongchao , Chong Wei , Chen Hao , Lu Ming 
Published: August 2023

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancer types globally. A survival paradox exists due to the inherent heterogeneity in stage II/III CRC tumor biology. Ferroptosis is closely related to the progression of tumors, and ferroptosis-related genes can be used as a novel biomarker in predicting cancer prognosis.Methods: Ferroptosis-related genes were retrieved from the FerrDb and KEGG databases. A total of 1,397 samples were enrolled in our study from nine independent datasets, four of which were integrated as the training dataset to train and construct the model, and validated in the remaining datasets. We developed a machine learning framework with 83 combinations of 10 algorithms based on 10-fold cross-validation (CV) or bootstrap resampling algorithm to identify the most robust and stable model. C-indice and ROC analysis were performed to gauge its predictive accuracy and discrimination capabilities. Survival analysis was conducted followed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses to evaluate the performance of identified signature.Results: The ferroptosis-related gene (FRG) signature was identified by the combination of Lasso and plsRcox and composed of 23 genes. The FRG signature presented better performance than common clinicopathological features (e.g., age and stage), molecular characteristics (e.g., BRAF mutation and microsatellite instability) and several published signatures in predicting the prognosis of the CRC. The signature was further stratified into a high-risk group and low-risk subgroup, where a high FRG signature indicated poor prognosis among all collected datasets. Sensitivity analysis showed the FRG signature remained a significant prognostic factor. Finally, we have developed a nomogram and a decision tree to enhance prognosis evaluation.Conclusion: The FRG signature enabled the accurate selection of high-risk stage II/III CRC population and helped optimize precision treatment to improve their clinical outcomes.
Perceived offensiveness to the self, not that to others, is a robust positive predictor of support of censoring sexual, alcoholic, and violent media content
Authors: Zhang Jinguang 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionHarm and offense are two important notions in legal discussions on the extent to which one’s freedom may be limited. Prior research on the third-person effect found that perceived media harm on others, not perceived media harm on the self, is a robust positive predictor of support of censoring socially undesirable media content (e.g., pornography). In comparison, how offensiveness perceptions predict censorship support is not clear. Drawing on moral foundations theory, we test here how perceived media offensiveness to the self compared with 1) perceived media offensiveness to others and 2) perceived media harm on others would predict censorship support.MethodWe conducted two cross-sectional survey studies in the U.S. to address this question with sexual, alcoholic, and violent media content as test cases. In Study 1 (N = 544 undergraduates), we measured perceived media offensiveness to the self, that to others, and censorship support. In Study 2 (N = 727 non-student adults), we also measured perceived media harm on the self and others.ResultsAs in prior research, we found that people perceive sexual, alcoholic, and violent media content to harm other viewers more strongly than it harms themselves, and the perception of how much others are harmed predicts perceivers’ censorship support. In contrast, while people also perceive the three types of media content to offend other viewers more strongly than they offend the self, the perception of how much others are offended predicts censorship support to a significantly lesser extent or does not predict this at all. Instead, the perception of how much the self is offended does.DiscussionThese findings add to the work on moral foundations theory that distinguishes between how the care/harm and sanctity/degradation foundations relate to moral judgments. These findings also suggest that the current theorizing of the third-person effect needs to expand to reconcile the seemingly inconsistent results on how harm and offensiveness perceptions differently relate to censorship support. The care/harm and sanctity/degradation foundations may underlie how harm and offensiveness perceptions predict censorship support. However, several “anomalous” findings need to be accounted for before moral foundations provide a comprehensive explanation of the third-person effect.