bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of the dizziness fear-avoidance behaviours and beliefs inventory for patients with vestibular disorders
Authors: La Touche Roy , Castillejos-Carrasco-Muñoz Rodrigo , Tapia-Toca María Cruz , Pardo-Montero Joaquín , Lerma-Lara Sergio , de la Rosa-Díaz Irene , Sorrel-Luján Miguel Ángel , Paris-Alemany Alba 
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study is to present the development and analysis of the factorial structure and psychometric properties of a new self-administered questionnaire (Dizziness Fear-Avoidance Behaviours and Beliefs Inventory (D-FABBI)) designed to measure fear-avoidance behaviors and cognitions related to dizziness disability.
A mixed-method design combining a qualitative study with an observational and cross-sectional study was employed to develop (content validity) and psychometrically validate (construct validity, reliability, and convergent/discriminant validity) a new instrument. A total of 198 patients with vestibular disorders (acute vestibular syndrome (AVS), 23.2%; chronic vestibular syndrome (CVS), 35.4%; and episodic vestibular syndrome (EVS) 41.4%) were recruited. Sociodemographic characteristics, the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and D-FABBI were evaluated. The final version of the D-FABBI consists of 17 items distributed across two subscales: activities of daily living fear-avoidance and movement fear-avoidance.
The D-FABBI showed high internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.932; 95% CI [0.91–0.94]) and so did the subscales (Cronbach α > 0.8). The exploratory structural equation model and confirmatory factor analysis provided better fit results, with a comparative fit index and root mean square error of approximation values of 0.907 to 0.081. No floor or ceiling effects were identified. There was a positive, significant, and moderate-strong magnitude correlation with the total DHI (r = 0.62) and low-moderate with respect to the HADS depression (r = 0.35) and HADS anxiety subscales (r = 0.26). The patients with CVS had a higher D-FABBI score than those with AVS or EVS.
The D-FABBI appears to be a valid and reliable instrument for measuring the fear-avoidance behaviors and cognition related to dizziness disability of patients with vestibular disorders.
Evaluation of phosphate rock as the only source of phosphorus for the growth of tall and semi-dwarf durum wheat and rye plants using digital phenotyping
Authors: Bazhenov Mikhail , Litvinov Dmitry , Karlov Gennady , Divashuk Mikhail 
Published: August 2023

Background
Phosphorus nutrition is important for obtaining high yields of crop plants. However, wheat plants are known to be almost incapable of taking up phosphorus from insoluble phosphate sources, and reduced height genes are supposed to decrease this ability further.

Methods
We performed a pot experiment using Triticum durum Desf. tall spring variety LD222, its near-isogenic semidwarf line carrying Rht17 (Reduced height 17) gene, and winter rye (Secale cereale L.) variety Chulpan. The individual plants were grown in quartz sand. The phosphorus was provided either as phosphate rock powder mixed with sand, or as monopotassium phosphate solution (normal nutrition control) or was not supplemented at all (no-phosphorus control). Other nutrients were provided in soluble form. During experiment the plants were assessed using the TraitFinder (Phenospex Ltd., Heerlen, Netherlands) digital phenotyping system for a standard set of parameters. Double scan with 90 degrees turns of pots around vertical axis vs. single scan were compared for accuracy of phenotyping.

Results
The phenotyping showed that at least 20 days of growth after seedling emergence were necessary to get stable differences between genotypes. After this initial period, phenotyping confirmed poor ability of wheat to grow on substrate with phosphate rock as the only source of phosphorus compared to rye; however, Rht17 did not cause an additional reduction in growth parameters other than plant height under this variant of substrate. The agreement between digital phenotyping and conventionally measured traits was at previously reported level for grasses (R2 = 0.85 and 0.88 for digital biomass and 3D leaf area vs. conventionally measured biomass and leaf area, single scan). Among vegetation indices, only the normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI) and the green leaf index (GLI) showed significant correlations with manually measured traits, including the percentage of dead leaves area. The double scan improved phenotyping accuracy, but not substantially.
Atributos del modo de habitar mapuche en conjuntos de viviendas con pertenencia indígena de las principales Áreas Metropolitanas de Chile.
Authors: Torres de Cortillas Catalina 
Published: August 2023

En el siglo XIX tardío, el pueblo mapuche migró masivamente a las ciudades debido a la reestructuración económica regional y conflictos de tierras con el Estado chileno (Carmona, 2017). Aunque la literatura explora el problema de la vivienda mapuche, se centra en la arquitectura de viviendas tradicionales - espacios urbanos creados por poblaciones mapuche (Fontana & Caulkins, 2016). Surge la pregunta ¿qué atributos del modo de habitar tradicional se mantienen en las viviendas mapuche de Áreas Metropolitanas en Chile?
Este artículo busca destacar similitudes entre los atributos del modo de habitar mapuche y viviendas construidos en 2007 bajo un convenio MINVU- CONADI en las Áreas Metropolitanas de Santiago y Gran Valparaíso, en cuatro dimensiones: (i) orientación de las edificaciones, (ii) espacios de encuentro, (iii) límites entre lo público y privado y (iv) la condición urbana del conjunto residencial. El análisis muestra que el cumplimiento de atributos que refuerzan el modo de habitar mapuche no es absoluto en ninguna Área Metropolitana de Chile.
Es urgente conocer el estado de los pueblos originarios en las ciudades chilenas y que el ámbito académico y estatal continúe investigando las necesidades de los pueblos originarios en la cultura, arquitectura y ciudad contemporánea del siglo XXI.
Trend Analysis and Determinants of under-5 Mortality in Nigeria: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Ntukidem Solomon , Chukwu Angela , Oyamakin Oluwafemi , James Christabel , Habimana-Kabano Ignace 
Published: August 2023

The study aimed to examine the trend of the under-five mortality rate in Nigeria from 2003 to 2018 and the determinants of under-five mortality using the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) data. The data for the study was the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey data conducted in 2003, 2008, 2013, and 2018. These four surveys were used to study under-five mortality trends within the study period, while machine learning was applied only to the 2018 dataset being the latest in Nigeria. The data were partitioned into training and testing sets. 30% of the dataset was randomly selected for testing, while 70% was used in training the model. Before applying logistic regression and neural networks, the essential under-five mortality variables were first selected using a random forest classifier.
The trend showed that the mortality rates were 200.72, 156.86, 128.05, and 132.02 in 2003, 2008, 2013, and 2018 respectively, per 1,000 live births. This result means that one in every five children died before their fifth birthday in 2003, one in six in 2008, one in eight in 2013, and one in seven in 2018. The forecast result indicated that the under-five mortality rate would likely be 102.17 in 2023. The variable importance result of the random forest showed that breastfeeding (when the child was put to the breast after birth) had the highest contribution to under-five mortality. The breakdown of breastfeeding from the logistic regression result showed that delaying the breastfeeding of a child to 6-23 hours in comparison with 0-5 hours after birth increases by 1.4 fold the likelihood of child death. The accuracy of logistic regression (LR) on the test set was 60%, and that of deep neural network (DNN) was 74%, recall (sensitivity) for LR was 63%, and DNN was 75%), Precision (LR=97%, DNN=95), F1 score (LR=76%, DNN=84%) and area under the curve (AUC) (LR=79%, DNN=77%).
Both logistic regression and deep neural network models performed very well in discriminative ability and accuracy. The deep neural network had a better performance than the logistic regression.
Comparative Screening of Phytochemicals and Bioactive Compounds of Trema orientalis (Linn. Blume) Leaf and Bark Extracts
Authors: Fabowale P. O. , Agunloye O. , Adekanmbi I. C. 
Published: August 2023

This study compared the phytochemical constituents of the leaf with the Bark extracts of T. orientalis, using the same extraction solvents. The leaf and Bark of T. orientalis were harvested at Federal University of Technology, Akure forest, dried and pulverized into powder. Extract were prepared from the powdered plants using Methanol and N-hexane. The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical presents in the extracts were determined. The functional compounds of the leaf extract were determined by Fourier Transmission Infrared Spectrometry (FT-IR). Percentage yield of Methanol was better than N-hexane for both plant parts. The phytochemicals revealed includes: Tannins, Saponins, Flavonoids, Steroids, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides. Steroids are present in Leaf extracts but absent in Bark extract, while Saponin is only present in methanol extract of Bark of the plant. Quantitative analysis revealed that terpenoids have the highest amount with 22.90 ± 0.03 mg/g in methanol extract and 28.09 ± 0.07 mg/g in N-hexane, compared with Bark extract that has 22.22 ± 0.09 mg/g in methanol extract and 23.38 ± 0.04 mg/g in N-hexane extracts. Higher quantity of phytochemicals are present in the leaf compared with the Bark of T. orientalis The Fourier Transformed Infrared spectrometry analysis, FT-IR, unveiled the organic compounds available in the extracts, which are: aliphatic primary alcohol, secondary alcohol, aliphatic primary amine, alkane, alkene, carbon dioxide, deta-lactam, phenol, and halo compound. These results indicate that T. orientalis is promising in the choice of medicinal plant for therapeutic research.
Wheat Genotype Evaluation for Spot Blotch Disease Resistance: Unveiling Resilient Varieties
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Singh Ramji , Khilari Kamal , Mishra Prashant , Singh D. V. 
Published: August 2023

Spot blotch, caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker is a major disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), in all the six agro climatic zones of India. Estimation of losses due to this disease vary from location to location, due to diverse environmental conditions. The use of resistant cultivars is the most effective, long-lasting, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly technique for sustainable disease control. The experiment was conducted at Crop Research Centre, Chirodi farm of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.). Among the tested varieties, disease index and AUDPC values varied significantly for both years’ data viz. 2021-22 and 2022-23. In this experiment 32 wheat varieties were screened against B. sorokiniana under artificial epiphytotic conditions in the field. Each variety were sown in two row of three-meter length with three replications, two line of susceptible check RAJ 4015 was sown at every ten genotypes of interval. Among 32 wheat varieties, two varieties were found to be resistant, eleven varieties were found moderately resistant, fourteen varieties were found moderately susceptible and five varieties were found susceptible, none of the variety was found immune and highly susceptible against spot blotch disease. Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) calculated for the thirty- two wheat varieties on the basis of disease index. AUDPC varies from 212.90 to 1143.9 and 198.80 to 1144.90 during the 2021-22 and 2022-23 years’ data. The pooled mean, Area Under Disease Progress Curve varied from 205.85 to 1144.40, showing the fast progress of disease in all genotypes. It was observed that different wheat varieties expressed varied type of disease response against B. sorokiniana.
Effect of Application of Zn and Mn on Growth, Yield and Economics of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum var. hortense L.)
Authors: Heena  , Yadav Deependra , Kumar Sandeep , Ravinder  , Kumar Alok 
Published: August 2023

The present investigation entitled “Effect of application of Zn and Mn on growth and yield and economics of garden pea (Pisum sativum var. hortense L.) was carried out at the Research farm of the School of Agriculture, Abhilashi University, Mandi (H.P.) during Rabi season 2021. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with seven treatments in three replications. The result revealed that the soil chemical properties i.e., Soil pH (5.98 pH) was maximum recorded in T6 (basal application of Zn @ 50% of RDF and Mn @ 50% of RDF + foliar application of Zn @ 1% and Mn @ 0.5%.) which showed non-significant effect on soil pH, available Zn and Mn was maximum recorded in T3 basal application of Zn @ 100% of RDF + Mn @ 100% of RDF (1.67 ppm) and (2.01 ppm), maximum organic carbon (0.74 %) was maximum observed in T6 basal application of Zn @ 50% of RDF and Mn @ 50% of RDF + foliar application of Zn @ 1% and Mn @ 0.5%. Minimum days to 50% emergence (25.33), maximum plant height (31.66 cm, 53.33 cm at 30, 45 DAS respectively), number of leaves per plant (23.02 and 41.23 at 30 and 60 DAS respectively), fresh weight (62.06 g), dry weight (6.84 g), days to 50% flowering (37.33), number of pods per plant (15.79), shelling percentage (51.40 %), number of seeds/pod (8.46) individual pod weight (6.33 g), yield/plant (113.69 g), yield/plot (14.55 kg) and yield per hectare (194.00 q/ha) , highest net return (3,26,535) along with maximum benefit: net return per rupee invested (1:4.25) were recorded with the use basal application of Zn @ 50% of RDF and Mn @ 50% of RDF + foliar application of Zn @ 1% and Mn @ 0.5% in treatment T6. Basal application of Zn @ 50% of RDF and Mn @ 50% of RDF + foliar application of Zn @ 1% and Mn @ 0.5% was found highly beneficial for plant growth, yield and economics of garden pea.
Analysis of the Responses to Pasteurization Temperatures of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Derived from Milk Items
Authors: Kanaan Manal Hadi Ghaffoori , Sheriff Nazar A. , Abdullah Sura Saad 
Published: August 2023

Background and Aim: One of the leading causes of both community- and hospital-acquired infections is the superbug," multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Milk and dairy products seem to be highly vulnerable to a wide range of diseases. Therefore, we require processing procedures that both eliminate pathogens and lengthen the useful life of these products. The purpose of this study was to determine how susceptible MRSA isolates were to pasteurization temperatures after being recovered from dairy products.
Materials and Methods: For the purpose of pasteurization, ten MRSA isolates were exposed to both a 63°C LTLT (low temperature, long time) therapy for 30 minutes and a 72°C HTST (high temperature, short time) treatment for 16 seconds.
Results: The findings indicated that all isolates were killed by a pasteurization-like treatment at low temperature for a long time (63°C for 30 minutes), but that particular adaptable isolates could survive a pasteurization-like treatment at high temperature for a short time (72°C for 16 seconds), which may point to a time- and temperature-dependent variation in the thermal tolerance mechanism.
Conclusion: The results showed that all isolates seemed extremely susceptible to damage from heat using LTLT pasteurization-like treatment (63°C for 30 minutes). Nevertheless, a particular number of these isolates succeeded in establishing colonies because they have quorum sensing structures that survive being handled by using heat damage at 72°C for 16 seconds. Pasteurized milk producers should be alerted to the fact that this microorganism has been found in contaminated milk since it compromises the product's safety and diminishes its value to consumers. As a result, it is strongly advised that manufacturers utilize varied temperatures for milk processing in order to remove the contaminating methicillin- and heat-resistant S. aureus (MHRSA).
Advancing Mechanical Computing: Modular Design and Multi‐Dimensional Signal Transmission
Authors: Zou Bihui , Liu Zhipeng , Ding Qinyun , Zhong Dijia , Wang Yuhao , Zhang Jingjing , Ju Jaehyung 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMechanical computing, while not poised to replace electronic computing, presents a complementary solution in areas where electronic systems face challenges like high power consumption and environmental vulnerability. Despite the inherent limitations of mechanical systems in speed, size, and functional scalability, their unique 2D and 3D geometries offer multi‐dimensional signal transmission and non‐volatile logic computing, potentially enhancing computational density. However, a lack of advanced modular design strategies for complex systems has hindered progress in mechanical computing. This study introduces a top‐down design approach to non‐volatile logic mechanical computing using multi‐output logic gates designed with square lattices and bistable beams, addressing functional scalability through a modular design that facilitates the assembly of mechanical circuits. This innovation not only enhances computational density but also reduces system size, offering new avenues for research in fields like soft robotics and active metamaterials, and setting the stage for advances in mechanical computing systems.
Deletion of Pyruvate Carboxylase in Tubular Epithelial Cell Promotes Renal Fibrosis by Regulating SQOR/cGAS/STING‐Mediated Glycolysis
Authors: Huang Hao , Han Yuanyuan , Zhang Yan , Zeng Jianhua , He Xin , Cheng Jiawei , Wang Songkai , Xiong Yiwei , Yin Hongling , Yuan Qiongjing , Huang Ling , Xie Yanyun , Meng Jie , Tao Lijian , Peng Zhangzhe 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRenal fibrosis is a common pathway involved in the progression of various chronic kidney diseases to end‐stage renal disease. Recent studies show that mitochondrial injury of renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) is a crucial pathological foundation for renal fibrosis. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. Pyruvate carboxylase (PC) is a catalytic enzyme located within the mitochondria that is intricately linked with mitochondrial damage and metabolism. In the present study, the downregulation of PC in various fibrotic animal and human kidney samples is demonstrated. Renal proximal tubule–specific Pcx gene knockout mice (PcxcKO) has significant interstitial fibrosis compared to control mice, with heightened expression of extracellular matrix molecules. This is further demonstrated in a stable PC knock‐out RTEC line. Mechanistically, PC deficiency reduces its interaction with sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (SQOR), increasing the ubiquitination and degradation of SQOR. This leads to mitochondrial morphological and functional disruption, increased mtDNA release, activation of the cGAS‐STING pathway, and elevated glycolysis levels, and ultimately, promotes renal fibrosis. This study investigates the molecular mechanisms through which PC deficiency induces mitochondrial injury and metabolic reprogramming in RTECs. This study provides a novel theoretical foundation and potential therapeutic targets for the pathogenesis and treatment of renal fibrosis.
Enhancing RT‐PCR Throughput and Sensitivity through Large‐Scale Sample Pooling Using a Nano‐Hybrid Membrane
Authors: Lee Na Eun , Kim Kang Hyeon , Hong Ji Hye , Lee Seungmin , Park Jeong Soo , Lee Dohwan , Yoon Dae Sung , Lee Jeong Hoon 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDuring the pandemic surge, including SARS‐CoV‐2 and influenza, pooling samples emerged as an efficient strategy to identify infected individuals in large groups. While pooling enhances RT‐PCR throughput, reducing costs and resources, it dilutes positive samples with negative ones, lowering sensitivity and increasing false negatives. This study proposes a new method to address the trade‐off between pool sizes and RT‐PCR accuracy. This method integrates large‐scale pooling with sample enrichment using a nano‐hybrid membrane, preventing the pooling‐induced decrease in viral concentration and maintaining cycle threshold (Ct) values close to individual positive samples. The nano‐hybrid membrane, named SIMPLE (streamlined, simple, and inexpensive method for preconcentration, lysis, and nucleic acid extraction), comprises layered red blood cell membranes, polyethersulfone, and silica membranes. Using SIMPLE, a Ct value reduction to ≈2.6 is demonstrated in pooled COVID‐19 samples with a pool size of 6 and found Ct values from larger pool sizes (8, 16, 32, 64, and 128) comparable to individual positive samples.
Methane Bubbled Through Seawater Can be Converted to Methanol With High Efficiency
Authors: Song Xiaowei , Basheer Chanbasha , Xu Jinheng , Adam Muhammad Mustapha , Zare Richard N. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPartial oxidation of methane (POM) is achieved by forming air‐methane microbubbles in saltwater to which an alternating electric field is applied using a copper oxide foam electrode. The solubility of methane is increased by putting it in contact with water containing dissolved KCl or NaCl (3%). Being fully dispersed as microbubbles (20–40 µm in diameter), methane reacts more fully with hydroxyl radicals (OH·) at the gas‐water interface. The alternating voltage (100 mV) generates two synergistic POM processes dominated by Cl− → Cl· + e− and O2 + e− → O2−• under positive and negative potentials, respectively. By tuning the frequency and amplitude, the extent and path of the POM process can be precisely controlled so that more than 90% methanol is selectively formed compared to the two byproducts, dichloromethane, and acetic acid. The methane to methanol conversion yield is estimated to be 57% at a rate of approximately 887 µM h−1. This method appears to have potential for removing methane from air using seawater or for converting higher‐concentration methane sources into value‐added methanol.
Environmentally Friendly and Simple Recycling of Titanium Alloy Scrap via Deoxygenation with Hybrid Hydrogen Plasma Arc
Authors: Jiang Botao , Wang Liang , Zhou Guotao , Liu Xu , Lu Hongyu , Zhu Guoqiang , Du Jiaxin , Zhao Chunzhi , Su Baoxian , Wang Binbin , Chen Ruirun , Su Yanqing 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe potential of hydrogen plasma arc technology for the efficient deoxygenation and recycling of titanium alloy scrap is explored. The results of thermodynamic analysis reveal that hydrogen plasma is suitable for oxygen removal. The intermediate stages of the deoxygenation process are sequentially analyzed, showing that the hydrogen plasma arc primarily facilitated the reduction and dissolution of oxides as well as eliminated interstitial oxygen. The experimental results demonstrate that the deoxygenation dynamics are governed by the interaction between the hydrogen partial pressure and the surface area of the hydrogen plasma arc irradiation range. Furthermore, the results of the detailed characterization of the recycled titanium alloys indicate that hydrogen plasma arc technology not only reduces the oxygen content to levels compliant with industrial standards for Ti‐6Al‐4 V but also substantially enhances the tensile strength and ductility of Ti‐6Al‐4 V compared with those of conventional cast titanium alloys. The results of microstructural analysis show that hydrogen tends to concentrate in the β phase, whereas oxygen is predominantly found in the α phase. These findings highlight the effectiveness of hydrogen plasma arc technology, which offers environmental benefits and improves the performance of the resulting material, indicating its promise as a solution for titanium recycling.