bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disciplining Subsidies Through Free Trade Agreements (FTAs): Emerging Developments in Japan’s FTAs and Their Implications
Authors: Iino Aya 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe international economic order is undergoing significant change. Most recently, key countries have been seeking to increase their level of economic security, including through increased industrial subsidies. Regulating subsidies is controversial, but undisciplined subsidy payments could be harmful for the healthy functioning of markets and balanced development among nations. In this regard, the GATT-WTO has regulated subsidies, but it has not been fully functional in recent years, and reform efforts do not appear to be bearing fruit soon. Therefore, in parallel with WTO reform efforts, reliance on other approaches, such as discipline through free trade agreements (FTAs), should be considered. Disciplining subsidies through FTAs is inherently difficult, given the cross-border nature of subsidies on the one hand and the geographical limitations of the FTA’s scope of application on the other. In recent years, however, such disciplines in FTAs have begun to appear, starting with EU FTAs. Thus, this article explores the possibilities and limitations of the discipline of subsidies through FTAs, using Japan’s FTAs as a case study, to approach the path to international control of subsidies. Accordingly, this article first reviews the range of related issues and developments, including characteristics of subsidies, the rationale for subsidy discipline in trade agreements, recent challenges to multilateral subsidy discipline, the current status of subsidy discipline through FTAs, and the background of subsidy discipline in EU FTAs. The article then identifies the WTO-plus elements that are distinct to subsidy disciplines in EU FTAs and discusses their implications. Through these, it highlights the perspectives needed when considering subsidy discipline through FTAs, examines Japan’s FTAs in light of these perspectives, and presents the findings and implications thereof. Considerations are given to Japan’s FTA/trade policy as a background for its subsidy discipline through FTAs, the current status and characteristics of subsidy disciplines in Japan’s FTAs, the Agreement Between the European Union and Japan for an Economic Partnership’s (JPN-EU) subsidy-related provisions as drastic change, the effects on the Asia-Pacific region, and future prospects.
The linear-time-invariance notion of the Koopman analysis. Part 2. Dynamic Koopman modes, physics interpretations and phenomenological analysis of the prism wake
Authors: Li Cruz Y. , Chen Zengshun , Tse Tim K.T. , Weerasuriya Asiri Umenga , Zhang Xuelin , Fu Yunfei , Lin Xisheng 
Published: March 2023

This serial work presents a linear-time-invariance (LTI) notion to the Koopman analysis, finding consistent and physically meaningful Koopman modes and addressing a long-standing problem of fluid mechanics: deterministically relating the fluid excitations and corresponding structure reactions. Part 1 (Li et al., Phys. Fluids, vol. 34, no. 12, p. 125136) developed the Koopman-LTI architecture and applied it to a pedagogical prism wake. By a systematic analytical procedure, the Koopman-LTI generated sampling-independent linear models that captured all the recurring dynamics embedded in the input data, finding six corresponding, orthogonal, and in-synch fluid–structure mechanisms. This Part 2 analyses the six modal duplets to underpin their physical implications, providing a phenomenological analysis of the subcritical prism wake. Visualizing the newly proposed dynamic Koopman modes, results show that two mechanisms at St1 = 0.1242 and St5 = 0.0497 describe shear layer dynamics, the associated Bérnard–Kármán shedding and turbulence production, which together overwhelm the upstream and crosswind walls by instigating a reattachment-type of reaction. The on-wind walls’ dynamical similarity renders them a spectrally unified fluid–structure interface. Another four harmonic counterparts, namely the subharmonic at St7 = 0.0683, the second harmonic at St3 = 0.2422, and two ultra-harmonics at St7 = 0.1739 and St13 = 0.1935, govern the downstream wall. Finally, this work discovered the vortex breathing phenomenon, describing the constant energy exchange in the wake's circulation-entrainment-deposition processes. With the Koopman-LTI, one may pinpoint the exact excitations responsible for a specific structure reaction, benefiting future investigations into fluid–structure interactions and nonlinear, stochastic systems.
The repair shop of memory
Authors: McCarroll Christopher Jude , Kirby Alun 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In the BBC show, The Repair Shop, members of the public bring their cherished but crumbling possessions into a workshop populated by expert craftspeople, who carry out restorations. These objects arrive as treasured possessions, which, despite their dilapidated state, still hold memories and meaning for their owners, albeit memories that may have faded as the object itself has aged. Something magical seems to take place after the objects are restored, however. The restored objects seem to reanimate and revive the memories that their owners have invested in them. How is it possible that this restoration can bring memories held by the objects back to life? What is special about The Repair Shop restoring objects to their former glory? We outline two ways in which objects can be evocative and embody emotion, memory, and meaning. We then outline the ways in which the restoration of these objects to something like their original form can improve scaffolded recall and bring memories back to life. For one class of evocative objects, the restoration enhances recall by reinstating details from the context in which the memories were encoded. For the second class of evocative objects, their restoration affords an imaginative connection to the past, which enables them to become powerful focal points of memory and shared narratives. In effect, The Repair Shop seems to work not only as a repair shop of objects but as a repair shop of memory too.
Transnational Activism against Genocide Denial: Protesting Peter Handke’s Nobel Prize in Literature
Authors: Paul Johanna 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article addresses the protest against the 2019 Nobel Prize in Literature to Peter Handke as an example of transnational memory activism. It analyzes from a transnational mobilization perspective how activists achieved a globally visible protest in Stockholm and what role memory played in the protest mobilization and framing. Genocide survivors and former refugees, human rights activists, journalists, and academics formed a transnational protest coalition. In this way, they drew international attention to their outrage at the honoring of an author who is criticized for denying the Bosnian genocide. The analysis shows that memories of the violent dissolution of Yugoslavia and genocide united the diverse protesters as a “memory community” and shaped their framing. The protesters warned of the potential repercussions of the Nobel Prize to Handke for the internationalization and normalization of genocide denial. They argued that locally, Serb nationalist politicians can find legitimation in it for divisive politics. Moreover, they put the prize in a larger context of globally rising right extremism and islamophobia that find inspiration in the very Serb nationalist ideology and its propagators of the 1990s conflict.
Origins of life: first came evolutionary dynamics
Authors: Kocher Charles , Dill Ken A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhen life arose from prebiotic molecules 3.5 billion years ago, what came first? Informational molecules (RNA, DNA), functional ones (proteins), or something else? We argue here for a different logic: rather than seeking amolecule type, we seek adynamical process.Biology required an ability to evolve before it could choose and optimise materials. We hypothesise that theevolution processwas rooted in thepeptide folding process.Modelling shows how short random peptides can collapse in water and catalyse the elongation of others, powering both increased folding stability and emergent autocatalysis through a disorder-to-order process.
Energy Conservation Designing systems for the least fuel penalty on the aircraft
Authors: Le Claire R. 
Published: March 2023

The integration of a system—or a group of systems — into a modern fixed-wing aircraft can only be satisfactorily achieved if the fuel penalty incurred by the aircraft is minimised, i.e. if the amount of fuel needed to restore the initial aircraft performance is kept to a minimum.Over the years, aircraft systems have had to meet more and more stringent requirements which reflect not only on the increasing performance of aircraft, but also on the greater demands made by systems on the aircraft, a somewhat extreme example being that of the Mach 2 + Rockwell International B-l bomber on which the cooling requirements for the avionic equipment were to exceed several hundred kilowatts.As such trends are likely to continue in the foreseeable future, the current deteriorating situation regarding fuel supplies and the ever rising costs involved, stresses the need for ensuring that systems on the next generation aircraft are designed for the least penalty and most efficient use of the available fuel.
A modular low-cost raster-scan colour visual system
Authors: Willis P. J. 
Published: March 2023

The author and colleagues at the University of Sussex have been investigating technical problems related to the production of moving colour pictures representing real scenes in real-time. The object is to produce a visual system suitable for vehicle simulation. Flight simulation is generally the most difficult to achieve because of the need for freedom of movement and orientation in three-dimensional space coupled with a rapidly changing scene.Such a system must therefore show smooth motion and reasonable realism. These factors imply a picture update rate of around 25 frames per second, the use of a wide range of colours and textures, a large terrain model, a picture generator capable of representing surfaces and a good mathematical aircraft performance model.
Air transport users’ views
Authors: Hope Archibald 
Published: March 2023

The first point which I wish to make, speaking on behalf of the Air Transport Users Committee, is that low fares are still an exception rather than the rule outside North America. There are some genuine low fares on the North Atlantic and many inclusive tour fares from this country, as other speakers have said, can be classified as genuinely low. Elsewhere in the world fares are still much too high, although we have been glad to see a slight reduction in fares to Scandinavia and to Australia.While users very naturally are interested in low fares and do not wish to pay more than is absolutely necessary for their travel, they do have reservations regarding low fares which are achieved by very high seat factors rather than by genuine reduction in cost.
Design and development of the Agusta A 109 helicopter
Authors: Lovera Bruno 
Published: March 2023

A new generation of helicopters was born at the beginning of the sixties, when, following a US requirement for a light observation helicopter (LOH), a new breed of military machines, like the Bell 206 (OH-4 A, OH-58 A), the Hiller 1100 (OH-5 A) and the Hughes 500 (OH-6 A) was developed.All the aerodynamic and structural progress resulting from the previous experience of the helicopter industry was incorporated in their designs. The development of these helicopters, demonstrating good performance and comfort levels, light and relatively inexpensive was made possible, however, only because of the availability of a new, light turboshaft engine, featuring acceptable levels of fuel consumption and reliability.
British civil airworthiness requirements for airships
Authors: Niedermayer E. J. 
Published: March 2023

Prior to 1937, responsibility for civil aviation in the UK, including airworthiness and operation of airships, was vested in the Air Ministry, a Government department, and it was only in 1937 that it was devolved to an independent authority, the Air Registration Board, which is now the Airworthiness Division of the CAA.The first involvement of the CAA with airships occurred early in the present decade when it was confronted firstly with an extremely unorthodox configuration of airship. The Skyship project (Fig. 1) was 720 ft in diameter, 48 million cu ft in volume, and 400 tons pay-load capacity.
Concorde in service
Authors: Strang W. J. , McKinlay R. M. 
Published: March 2023

In the two and a half years that Concorde has been in service with British Airways and Air France, the nine aircraft in service have carried 250 000 passengers, travelled 16 million miles and accumulated 15 310 flying hours. These numbers, though still small by airliner standards, are sufficient for effective comparison of service experience with predictions made and objectives set during the design process. This provides the central theme of our paper.The Concorde project, always controversial, has been assessed many many times on technical, economic and environmental grounds. In fact it has inspired a literature of its own, comprising papers of all kinds–favourable and unfavourable, learned and hysterical. It has been the subject of predictions by the hundreds, ranging from the optimistic to the absolutely dire. This paper, written with the benefit of hindsight, is thereby distinguished from the bulk of this literature.
Study of installed environment of various equipments in military aircraft
Authors: Jones G. 
Published: March 2023

When British Aerospace, Brough, were first tasked with carrying out a study of mechanical systems and component reliability it was anticipated that the installed environment would be a significant parameter in the investigation. Consequently it was decided to carry out a separate study of the environment of equipment on a number of aircraft to assess how this had influenced the design and subsequent reliability of the components and to see if the initial assumptions had been valid. This study was to make use of measured data from routine development flying as well as tropical and cold weather trials. In addition the reliability of appropriate equipment was reviewed to determine the incidence of problems arising from environmental factors.The installed environment can be broken down badly into two separate factors. Firstly, those which are external to the components in question, e.g. altitude, ambient temperature, humidity, vibration levels, solar radiation and contaminants such as salt, sand and dust. Secondly, there are those factors which are internal to the component in question or are influenced by the installation of the component in a larger system. These factors include internal pressures, temperatures and contaminants, the effect of the system flows and interaction with other components.
Relationships between turbulent intensities in turbulent pipe and channel flows
Authors: Mosa Kaisar , Alshamani Mati 
Published: March 2023

Axial, normal (radial) and tangential turbulence intensity measurements have been carried out in the past in pipe and two-dimensional channel flows, e.g. Refs. 1-9. A similarity in the distribution of these turbulence intensities is observed. They are all minimum at the centreline, increasing steadily as the wall is approached, until they reach some maximum values close to the wall, then they start to decrease as the wall is approached further. Furthermore, the three components of turbulence intensity have been observed to vary in a similar way with the Reynolds number.On the other hand, the Prandtl mixing length theory assumes that the turbulent fluctuations are proportional to the product of a local mixing length and a velocity gradient. This implies that the turbulence fluctuations are directly proportional to each other. It is, therefore, found worthwhile examining the possibility of a relationship between the turbulence intensities. Smooth pipe and channel flows are chosen for this purpose.
Progress in the use of automatic flight controls in safety critical applications
Authors: Howard R. W. 
Published: March 2023

High authority automatic flight control systems are now in wide use in both transport and combat aircraft. These have required the development of failure survival system architectures, and techniques in safety assessment to ensure that the risk of fatal accidents attributable to the automatic control aspect is acceptably remote.Most of the current systems are analogue in nature, and employ sufficient redundancy to survive at least one failure during operation. Future systems will employ quadruplex or triplex-monitored architectures, capable of surviving at least two failures, and will be mainly digital in concept. The design and safety assessment techniques developed for analogue systems have been adequate for current systems, but the new digital technology and more extensive use of systems in safety critical applications will demand further development of the various aspects involved.A major contribution to the design and safety assessment of safety critical systems was made during the past two decades in the programmes for the development of automatic landing for civil aircraft, culminating in the system in the Anglo-French Concorde.
MIN-PHASE-ISOMETRIES IN STRICTLY CONVEX NORMED SPACES
Authors: TAN DONGNI , ZHANG FAN 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSuppose that X and Y are two real normed spaces. A map
$f:X\rightarrow Y$
is called a min-phase-isometry if it satisfies
$$ \begin{align*} \min\{\|f(x)+f(y)\|,\|f(x)-f(y)\|\}=\min\{\|x+y\|,\|x-y\|\} \quad (x,y\in X). \end{align*} $$
We present properties of min-phase-isometries in the case that Y is strictly convex and show that if a min-phase-isometry f (not necessarily surjective) fixes the origin, then it is phase-equivalent to a linear isometry, that is,
$f(x)=\varepsilon (x)g(x)$
for
$x\in X$
, where
$g:X\rightarrow Y$
is a linear isometry and
$\varepsilon $
is a map from X to
$\{-1,1\}$
.
Comparative transcriptomic analysis of mammary gland tissues reveals the critical role of GPR110 in palmitic acid-stimulated milk protein and fat synthesis
Authors: Zhang Minghui , Ma Zonghua , Qi Hao , Cui Xu , Li Rui , Gao Xuejun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) sensing nutritional signals (amino acids, fatty acids, glucose, etc.) are not fully understood. In this research, we used transcriptome sequencing to analyse differentially expressed genes (DEG) in mouse mammary gland tissues at puberty, lactation and involution stages, in which eight GPCR were selected out and verified by qRT-PCR assay. It was further identified the role of GPR110-mediating nutrients including palmitic acid (PA) and methionine (Met) to improve milk synthesis using mouse mammary epithelial cell line HC11. PA but not Met affected GPR110 expression in a dose-dependent manner. GPR110 knockdown decreased milk protein and fat synthesis and cell proliferation and blocked the stimulation of PA on mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation and sterol-regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) expression. In summary, these experimental results disclose DEG related to lactation and reveal that GPR110 mediates PA to activate the mTOR and SREBP-1c pathways to promote milk protein and fat synthesis.
Vertigo symptom scores and videonystagmographic examinations in recovered coronavirus disease 2019 patients
Authors: Cekic E , Uşaklıoğlu S 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) may be among the viral agents that affect the audio-vestibular system. This study aimed to investigate vestibular symptoms and videonystagmographic examinations in recovered coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) patients compared with the control group.MethodThe patients were evaluated with Vertigo Symptom Scale questionnaire and audiometric, tympanometric, stapedial reflex and videonystagmographic examinations.ResultsA total of 92 of the patients in the coronavirus disease 2019 patients group and 25 of the volunteers in the control group were included in the study. The mean Vertigo Symptom Scale score was found to be significantly higher (p <0.001) in the coronavirus disease 2019 group. Furthermore, one of the hospitalised patients was diagnosed with vestibular neuritis.ConclusionThe vestibular system may also be affected in some coronavirus disease 2019 patients. Although this may be seen as dizziness in some patients, in rare cases it can cause severe issues, such as vestibular neuritis.
The effects of childhood maltreatment on cortical thickness and gray matter volume: a coordinate-based meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Wei , Jin Shushu , Duan Weiwei , Yu Hao , Ping Liangliang , Shen Zonglin , Cheng Yuqi , Xu Xiufeng , Zhou Cong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractChildhood maltreatment has been suggested to have an adverse impact on neurodevelopment, including microstructural brain abnormalities. Existing neuroimaging findings remain inconsistent and heterogeneous. We aim to explore the most prominent and robust cortical thickness (CTh) and gray matter volume (GMV) alterations associated with childhood maltreatment. A systematic search on relevant studies was conducted through September 2022. The whole-brain coordinate-based meta-analysis (CBMA) on CTh and GMV studies were conducted using the seed-baseddmapping (SDM) software. Meta-regression analysis was subsequently applied to investigate potential associations between clinical variables and structural changes. A total of 45 studies were eligible for inclusion, including 11 datasets on CTh and 39 datasets on GMV, consisting of 2550 participants exposed to childhood maltreatment and 3739 unexposed comparison subjects. Individuals with childhood maltreatment exhibited overlapped deficits in the median cingulate/paracingulate gyri simultaneously revealed by both CTh and GM studies. Regional cortical thinning in the right anterior cingulate/paracingulate gyri and the left middle frontal gyrus, as well as GMV reductions in the left supplementary motor area (SMA) was also identified. No greater regions were found for either CTh or GMV. In addition, several neural morphology changes were associated with the average age of the maltreated individuals. The median cingulate/paracingulate gyri morphology might serve as the most robust neuroimaging feature of childhood maltreatment. The effects of early-life trauma on the human brain predominantly involved in cognitive functions, socio-affective functioning and stress regulation. This current meta-analysis enhanced the understanding of neuropathological changes induced by childhood maltreatment.
Literacy and early language development: Insights from computational modelling
Authors: MONAGHAN Padraic 
Published: March 2023

AbstractComputational models of reading have tended to focus on the cognitive requirements of mapping among written, spoken, and meaning representations of individual words in adult readers. Consequently, the alignment of these computational models with behavioural studies of reading development has to date been limited. Models of reading have provided us with insights into the architecture of the reading system, and these have recently been extended to investigate literacy development, and the early language skills that influence children’s reading. These models show us: how learning to read builds on early language skills, why various reading interventions might be more or less effective for different children, and how reading develops across different languages and writing systems. Though there is growing alignment between descriptive models of reading behaviour and computational models, there remains a gap, and I lay out the groundwork for how translation may become increasingly effective through future modelling work.