bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurologic deficits and surgical treatment in a horse affected with internal carotid artery tortuous elongation
Authors: Rijkenhuizen Astrid B. M. , Kaske Franziska , Rikart Johanna , Racine Julien , Engerand Claudia 
Published: August 2023

SummaryA 2‐year‐old Warmblood gelding was presented with a history of bilateral feed material coming from the nostrils secondary to dysphagia, coughing and impairment of physical development, since purchase at 6 months of age. Endoscopy of the right guttural pouch was unremarkable; however, in the left guttural pouch, a distended (aneurysm), pulsating, tortuous elongated internal carotid artery (ICA) was observed. Computed tomography revealed that in the dorsal aspect of the medial compartment of the left guttural pouch adjacent to the jugular foramen, the ICA turned anti‐clockwise creating a small loop of 1 cm diameter. This loop had a faint linear, soft tissue attenuating connection to the caudodorsal wall of the guttural pouch and was slightly larger in diameter compared to the right ICA. A malformation of the left ICA was diagnosed, most likely congenital. A secondary compression and neuropathy of one or multiple nerves of the associated lower cranial nerves in the neurovascular plica (IX, X) was suspected explaining the clinical signs of dysphagia. The slightly larger diameter of the left ICA could represent congestion of the vessel or an early aneurysm formation. Based on these findings, endovascular balloon occlusion (nondetachable balloon) of the left ICA was performed to relief the compression on the affected nerves. The occlusion of the ICA resolved the clinical signs within 7 weeks after surgery.
Predicting geometry factors and normalized T‐stress of centrally cracked Brazilian disk specimens using deep learning method
Authors: Hassani Niaki Mostafa , Pashaian Matin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the geometry factors of mode I and mode II (YI and YII) and the normalized T‐stress (T*) of the centrally cracked Brazilian disk specimen are predicted using a deep learning approach. Three deep neural networks are developed to model the relationship between the crack angle (α) and the ratio of half the crack length to the radius (a/R) as input variables and each of YI, YII, and T* as output variables. Three independent databases consisting of 174, 174, and 117 data points are prepared for YI, YII, and T*, respectively, from the previous works to train, generalize, and validate the deep neural networks. Finally, sensitivity analysis of YI, YII, and T* to α and a/R is conducted, and mathematical models are obtained using the partial dependence plots, which can be used in the optimization of stress intensity factors and T‐stress of the cracked Brazilian disk specimens with different dimensions.
Additive effect of frailty with distinct multimorbidity patterns on mortality amongst middle‐aged and older adults in Taiwan: A 16‐year population‐based study
Authors: Chu Wei‐Min , Ho Hsin‐En , Yeh Chih‐Jung , Wei James Cheng‐Chung , Arai Hidenori , Lee Meng‐Chih 
Published: August 2023

AimThis study aimed to explore the association between multimorbidity patterns with/without frailty and future mortality among Taiwanese middle‐aged and older adults through a population‐based cohort study design.MethodsData were collected from the Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging. The data were obtained from Wave 3, with the multimorbidity patterns in the years of 1996 being analyzed through latent class analysis. Frailty was defined using the modified Fried criteria. The association between each disease group with/without frailty and mortality was examined using logistic regression, with the reference group as the Relatively healthy group without frailty. Survival analysis was performed using Cox regression, and the follow‐up period of mortality was from 1 January 1996 to 31 December 2012.ResultsA total of 4748 middle‐aged and older adults with an average age of 66.3 years (SD: 9.07 years) were included. Four disease patterns were identified in 1996, namely the Cardiometabolic (21.0%), Arthritis‐cataract (11.9%), Relatively healthy (61.6%), and Multimorbidity (5.5%) groups. After adjusting for all covariates, the Relatively healthy group with frailty showed the highest risk for mortality (odds ratio: 3.66, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 2.24–5.95), followed by the Cardiometabolic group with frailty (odds ratio: 3.58, 95% CI: 1.96–6.54), Multimorbidity group with frailty (odds ratio: 2.28, 95% CI: 1.17–4.44), Multimorbidity group without frailty (odds ratio: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.01–2.04), and the Cardiometabolic group without frailty (odds ratio: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.04–1.49).ConclusionsFrailty plays an important role in mortality among middle‐aged and older adults with distinct multimorbidity patterns. Middle‐aged and older adults with a relatively healthy multimorbidity pattern or a cardiometabolic multimorbidity pattern with frailty encountered dismal outcomes. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 684–691.
Excellent calcium–magnesium–aluminosilicate corrosion resistance of high‐entropy garnet/alumina directionally solidified eutectic at 1500°C
Authors: Zhou Cui , Sun Luchao , Du Tiefeng , Wu Zhen , Wang Jiemin , Wang Jingyang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHigh‐temperature corrosion resistance is one of the major challenges for hot‐section components in gas turbines. In this paper, the interaction of a novel high entropy (HE) (Y0.2Gd0.2Ho0.2Er0.2Yb0.2)3Al5O12/Al2O3 directionally solidified eutectic (DSE) with molten calcium–magnesium–aluminosilicate (CMAS) at 1500°C for 4 to 200 h was investigated and the results indicate that (Y0.2Gd0.2Ho0.2Er0.2Yb0.2)3Al5O12/Al2O3 DSE possesses excellent CMAS resistance, with a true recession depth about 219.5 μm after corroded by CMAS at 1500°C for 200 h. Moreover, possible explanations on the outstanding CMAS corrosion resistance, including the protective diffusion‐blocking garnet layer and the actively adjustment on the corrosion activity of CMAS melt by both the rapid dissolution of Al2O3 phase and the synergetic effects of multicomponent RE elements, are deduced based on the identification, distribution and evolution analysis of the reaction products over the corrosion time. The current results can cast light on new mechanisms and strategies with respect to multilevel optimization to develop new high‐temperature structural materials with enhanced CMAS corrosion resistance ability.
Why Refugees Should Be Enfranchised
Authors: Kapelner Zsolt 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTMany authors argue that refugees should be enfranchised independently of citizenship. The enfranchisement of refugees is often seen as crucial for affirming their agency in the politics of asylum. However, most arguments in the literature do not explain why precisely it matters that they exercise their agency in the realm of democratic decision‐making, i.e. why it matters that refugees participate in collectively wielding the public power to which they are subjected, rather than passively enjoy protection against the excessive and intrusive exercise of this power. This leaves it unclear what value refugee enfranchisement realises precisely, and what function or role it is meant to play within the overall provision of asylum. My goal is to propose a plausible explanation of the significance of democratic inclusion from the viewpoint of refugees' agency. I argue that refugee enfranchisement affirms refugees' agency by advancing their interest in acting as makers of justice within the political context in which they find themselves.
Adoption of colonoscopy surveillance intervals in subjects who received polypectomy in southern China: A cost‐effectiveness analysis
Authors: Deng Yunyang , Ding Hanyue , Huang Junjie , Wong Martin Chi Sang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and AimWe aimed to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of different colonoscopy intervals among average‐risk (5 vs 10 years) and high‐risk (1 vs 3 years) southern Chinese populations.MethodsWe constructed a Markov model with a hypothetical population of 100 000 individuals aged 50–85 years. Average risk was defined as 1–2 non‐advanced adenomas (tubular adenoma sized < 10 mm without high‐grade dysplasia). High risk was defined as ≥ 3 non‐advanced adenomas or any advanced adenoma (adenoma sized ≥ 10 mm, with high‐grade dysplasia, or with villous/tubulovillous histology). Three strategies were compared: a 5/1 strategy (average‐risk subjects: 5‐year interval; high‐risk subjects: 1‐year interval), a 10/3 strategy, and a control strategy (a 10/10 strategy). Costs (US dollar), quality‐adjusted‐life‐years, incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio, and net health benefit were calculated. If the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio of one strategy against another was less than willingness‐to‐pay ($24 302 US/quality‐adjusted‐life‐years), the strategy was more cost‐effective than another.ResultsCompared with the 10/3 strategy, the 5/1 strategy involved more costs and effects (incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio = $40 044 US/quality‐adjusted life‐years). When the 10/10 strategy was regarded as the control, the 5/1 strategy had a higher incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio than the 10/3 strategy ($26 056 vs $10 344 US/quality‐adjusted life‐years). Furthermore, the 10/3 strategy had the highest net health benefit.ConclusionsA 10/3 interval was more cost‐effective than a 5/1 interval. From an economic perspective, our findings supported a 10‐year interval for average‐risk individuals and a 3‐year interval for high‐risk subjects. The findings could help form the optimal colonoscopy interval for average‐risk and high‐risk patients.
Fairness, (perception of) inequality, and redistribution preferences
Authors: Tucker Steven , Xu Yilong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis special issue consists of nine surveys that delve into the recent development in the literature on inequality, examining its perception, sources, implications, and potential solutions. The review synthesizes key aspects, from the conceptualization of inequality perception to its profound consequences such as deteriorated social cohesion, unethical behaviors, and even violent conflicts. The papers underscore the complexity of individuals' preferences for redistribution, influenced by myriad factors like procedural fairness, societal norms, and ethnicity composition. They also explore the potential for interventions, such as wage transparency reforms, to tackle inequality. This synthesis underscores the persistent challenge posed by inequality, while also pointing towards unexplored avenues for future research, thus advancing our understanding of the socio‐economic implications of inequality.
Understanding the climate change‐migration nexus through the lens of household surveys: An empirical review to assess data gaps
Authors: Letta Marco , Montalbano Pierluigi , Paolantonio Adriana 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOver the last two decades, the causal relationship between climate change and migration has gained increasing prominence in international research and policy. Despite recent advances in conceptual frameworks and applied techniques, the empirical evidence does not provide clear‐cut conclusions, mainly due to the intrinsic complexity of the phenomenon of interest, the irreducible heterogeneity of the transmission mechanisms, some common misconceptions, and, in particular, the paucity of adequate data. In this work, we present the first data‐oriented review of the nexus between climate change and migration. Then, we discuss open issues and assess the main data gaps that currently prevent more robust quantifications. Finally, using a prominent survey collection produced by the World Bank as a case study, we highlight opportunities for exploiting and enhancing the potential of existing multi‐topic and multi‐purpose household survey datasets.
Effects of different food hardness on cognitive inhibitory control function
Authors: Kidoura Suzuha , Higuchi Yumeno , Sato Naoto , Santa Risa , Miyamoto Mana , Shibuya Kenichi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMastication leads to an immediate enhancement in cognitive functions, including inhibitory control. Furthermore, the hardness of the food increases sympathetic nerve activity during and immediately after mastication. Hence, the cognitive function could be enhanced by increased sympathetic nerve activity. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of food hardness on cognitive inhibitory control function in humans. The participants were 23 healthy adults (19–22 years old). Experiments were conducted with two types of gummies (soft and hard). The participants ingested 13 g of gummies and performed a stop‐signal task to measure cognitive inhibitory control function after they rested for 5 min. The reaction time for the stop‐signal task after gummy consumption was significantly shorter in the hard gummy condition compared to the soft gummy condition (p < .05). Furthermore, the accuracy rate of the responses was also significantly higher in the hard gummy condition compared to the soft gummy condition (p < .05). The results of the present study suggest that food hardness enhances cognitive inhibitory control function in humans.
Multidisciplinary consensus recommendations for management of hepatocellular carcinoma in Middle East and North Africa region
Authors: Waked Imam , Alsammany Sherif , Tirmazy Sayed Hammad , Rasul Kakil , Bani‐Issa Jafar , Abdel‐Razek Wael , Omar Ashraf , Shafik Amr , Eid Salem , Abdelaal Amr , Hosni Ahmed , Esmat Gamal 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a growing health concern projected to cross over a million cases worldwide by 2025. HCC presents a significant burden of disease in Middle East and North African (MENA) countries due to a high prevalence of risk factors such as hepatitis C and B infections and rising incidence of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. In August 2022, an advisory meeting consisting of experts from 5 MENA countries was convened in an attempt to provide consensus recommendations on HCC screening, early diagnosis, current treatment modalities and unmet medical needs in the region. Data were collected from a pre‐meeting survey questionnaire and responses analysed and presented during the advisory meeting. This review summarizes the evidence discussed at the meeting and provides expert recommendations on the management of HCC. The 2022 update of Barcelona clinic liver cancer (BCLC) staging and treatment strategy and its implementation in the MENA region was extensively discussed. A key consensus of the expert panel was that multidisciplinary care is crucial to effective patient management that results in better clinical outcomes and overall survival of the patient. The panel recommended the use of predictive and early response biomarkers to guide clinicians in arriving at more effective therapeutic decisions. The experts also emphasized the role of robust screening/surveillance systems, population‐based registries, effective referral pathways and standardization of guidelines to ensure the successful management of HCC in the region.
Seasonal development of a tidal mixing front drives shifts in community structure and diversity of bacterioplankton
Authors: King Nathan G. , Wilmes Sophie‐B , Browett Samuel S. , Healey Amy , McDevitt Allan D. , McKeown Niall J. , Roche Ronan , Skujina Ilze , Smale Dan A. , Thorpe Jamie M. , Malham Shelagh 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBacterioplankton underpin biogeochemical cycles and an improved understanding of the patterns and drivers of variability in their distribution is needed to determine their wider functioning and importance. Sharp environmental gradients and dispersal barriers associated with ocean fronts are emerging as key determinants of bacterioplankton biodiversity patterns. We examined how the development of the Celtic Sea Front (CF), a tidal mixing front on the Northwest European Shelf affects bacterioplankton communities. We performed 16S‐rRNA metabarcoding on 60 seawater samples collected from three depths (surface, 20 m and seafloor), across two research cruises (May and September 2018), encompassing the intra‐annual range of the CF intensity. Communities above the thermocline of stratified frontal waters were clearly differentiated and less diverse than those below the thermocline and communities in the well‐mixed waters of the Irish Sea. This effect was much more pronounced in September, when the CF was at its peak intensity. The stratified zone likely represents a stressful environment for bacterioplankton due to a combination of high temperatures and low nutrients, which fewer taxa can tolerate. Much of the observed variation was driven by Synechococcus spp. (cyanobacteria), which were more abundant within the stratified zone and are known to thrive in warm oligotrophic waters. Synechococcus spp. are key contributors to global primary productivity and carbon cycling and, as such, variability driven by the CF is likely to influence regional biogeochemical processes. However, further studies are required to explicitly link shifts in community structure to function and quantify their wider importance to pelagic ecosystems.
Voriconazole plasma concentrations and dosing in paediatric patients below 24 months of age
Authors: Gastine Silke E. , Rauwolf Kerstin K. , Pieper Stephanie , Hempel Georg , Lehrnbecher Thomas , Tragiannidis Athanasios , Groll Andreas H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractVoriconazole (VCZ) is an important first‐line option for management of invasive fungal diseases and approved in paediatric patients ≥24 months at distinct dosing schedules that consider different developmental stages. Information on dosing and exposures in children <24 months of age is scarce. Here we report our experience in children <24 months who received VCZ due to the lack of alternative treatment options. This retrospective analysis includes 50 distinct treatment episodes in 17 immunocompromised children aged between 3 and <24 months, who received VCZ between 2004 and 2022 as prophylaxis (14 patients; 47 episodes) or as empirical treatment (3 patients; 3 episodes) by mouth (46 episodes) or intravenously (4 episodes) based on contraindications, intolerance or lack of alternative options. Trough concentrations were measured as clinically indicated, and tolerability was assessed based on hepatic function parameters and discontinuations due to adverse events (AEs). VCZ was administered for a median duration of 10 days (range: 1–138). Intravenous doses ranged from 4.9 to 7.0 mg/kg (median: 6.5) twice daily, and oral doses from 3.8 to 29 mg/kg (median: 9.5) twice daily, respectively. The median trough concentration was 0.63 mg/L (range: 0.01–16.2; 38 samples). Only 34.2% of samples were in the recommended target range of 1–6 mg/L; 57.9% had lower and 7.9% higher trough concentrations. Hepatic function parameters analysed at baseline, during treatment and at end of treatment did not show significant changes during VCZ treatment. There was no correlation between dose and exposure or hepatic function parameters. In three episodes, VCZ was discontinued due to an AE (6%; three patients). In conclusion, this retrospective analysis reveals no signal for increased toxicity in paediatric patients <24 months of age. Empirical dosing resulted in mostly subtherapeutic exposures which emphasises the need for more systematic study of the pharmacokinetics of VCZ in this age group.
Spatial distribution and variability of lobe facies in a large sand‐rich submarine fan system: Neoproterozoic Zerrissene Group, Namibia
Authors: Nieminski Nora M. , McHargue Tim R. , Gooley Jared T. , Fildani Andrea , Lowe Donald R. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTThe deposits of the upper Neoproterozoic Zerrissene Group of central‐western Namibia represent a large siliciclastic deep‐water depositional system that showcases the intricacies of facies and architectural relationships from bed‐scale to fan‐system‐scale. The lack of vegetation in the Namib Desert and regular east–west repetition of folded stratigraphy (reflecting ca 50% tectonic shortening) provides quasi‐three‐dimensional exposure over a current area of approximately 2700 square kilometres. The Brak River Formation, the middle sand‐rich unit of the Zerrissene Group, consists of nearly 600 m of strata exposed in multiple parallel continuous outcrops up to ca 10 km in length and oriented obliquely to depositional dip. Ten stratigraphic sections are correlated ca 32 km (ca 64 km restored) across the basin and offer exposure comparable in scale to modern submarine fans. Six sedimentary facies are identified and grouped into four facies associations that represent axial‐to‐marginal portions of deep‐water lobes in an unconfined submarine fan system. Spatial facies patterns, regional thickness variations, and palaeocurrents indicate that Brak River Formation sediments were transported primarily from the north to south–south‐west through a trough‐like basin, and deposited within an unconfined basin plain at the junction of the Adamastor and Khomas oceans. The unique outcrop exposure and extent permits the documentation of system‐scale architecture and basin configuration of the Brak River submarine fan system. A transition from the sand‐rich lower Brak River Formation to more intercalated mudstone‐dominated intervals in the middle and upper Brak River Formation is interpreted to record a change from aggradational to compensational stacking of lobe deposits. This records the evolution of a large submarine fan as it filled the subtle seafloor topography and became less confined at the system‐scale. The documentation of these deep‐water deposits from centimetre‐scale to basin‐scale provides a new model for a system with extensive long‐distance transport of sand‐rich sediment gravity flows to submarine lobes without apparent channelization.
Who are we missing? Self‐selection bias in nonsuicidal self‐injury research
Authors: Robinson Kealagh , Dayer Koosje F. , Mirichlis Sylvanna , Hasking Penelope A. , Wilson Marc S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite the threat of self‐selection bias to the generalizability of research findings, remarkably little is known about who chooses to take part in non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) research specifically. We aimed to establish the extent of willingness to take part in NSSI research within a commonly sampled population before assessing whether individual differences in demographic characteristics, NSSI lived experience, and participation experiences were associated with willingness to take part in future NSSI research.MethodsNew Zealand university students (n = 3098) completed self‐report measures of their NSSI, psychological distress, emotional dysregulation, experience of their participation in the current study, and willingness to participate in future NSSI research.ResultsMost participants (78.2%) indicated that they were willing to take part in future NSSI research. Men, older participants, people with NSSI lived experience, and those with more frequent past‐year NSSI were more likely to be willing to take part in future NSSI research. Participants who reported a more positive subjective experience of the current study also indicated greater willingness.ConclusionsFindings demonstrate systematic differences in who is willing to take part in NSSI research. Future research should implement methodological and statistical approaches to mitigate the impact of self‐selection bias on NSSI research.