bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimized flow compensation for contrast-enhanced T1-weighted Wave-CAIPI 3D MPRAGE imaging of the brain
Authors: Tabari Azadeh , Lang Min , Awan Komal , Liu Wei , Clifford Bryan , Lo Wei-Ching , Splitthoff Daniel Nicolas , Cauley Stephen , Rapalino Otto , Schaefer Pamela , Huang Susie Y. , Conklin John 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFlow-related artifacts have been observed in highly accelerated T1-weighted contrast-enhanced wave-controlled aliasing in parallel imaging (CAIPI) magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo (MPRAGE) imaging and can lead to diagnostic uncertainty. We developed an optimized flow-mitigated Wave-CAIPI MPRAGE acquisition protocol to reduce these artifacts through testing in a custom-built flow phantom. In the phantom experiment, maximal flow artifact reduction was achieved with the combination of flow compensation gradients and radial reordered k-space acquisition and was included in the optimized sequence. Clinical evaluation of the optimized MPRAGE sequence was performed in 64 adult patients, who all underwent contrast-enhanced Wave-CAIPI MPRAGE imaging without flow-compensation and with optimized flow-compensation parameters. All images were evaluated for the presence of flow-related artifacts, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), gray-white matter contrast, enhancing lesion contrast, and image sharpness on a 3-point Likert scale. In the 64 cases, the optimized flow mitigation protocol reduced flow-related artifacts in 89% and 94% of the cases for raters 1 and 2, respectively. SNR, gray-white matter contrast, enhancing lesion contrast, and image sharpness were rated as equivalent for standard and flow-mitigated Wave-CAIPI MPRAGE in all subjects. The optimized flow mitigation protocol successfully reduced the presence of flow-related artifacts in the majority of cases.Relevance statementAs accelerated MRI using novel encoding schemes become increasingly adopted in clinical practice, our work highlights the need to recognize and develop strategies to minimize the presence of unexpected artifacts and reduction in image quality as potential compromises to achieving short scan times.Key points• Flow-mitigation technique led to an 89–94% decrease in flow-related artifacts.• Image quality, signal-to-noise ratio, enhancing lesion conspicuity, and image sharpness were preserved with the flow mitigation technique.• Flow mitigation reduced diagnostic uncertainty in cases where flow-related artifacts mimicked enhancing lesions.
Graphical Abstract
Phenotypic and molecular characterization of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. causing childhood diarrhoea in Awka, South-Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Nwike Ifeanyi Emmanuel , Ugwu Malachy Chigozie , Ejikeugwu Peter Chika , Ujam Nonye Treasure , Iroha Ifeanyichukwu Romanus , Esimone Charles Okechukwu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundDiarrhoea is a major cause of childhood disease in the developing countries. This experimental study investigated the prevalence of ESBL and MBL genes in enteropathogenic strains ofEscherichia coliandSalmonellaspp. isolated from diarrheagenic children in Awka, Nigeria.MethodsTwo hundred stool samples were collected from diarrhea patients in three paediatric hospitals within Awka metropolis, Nigeria. AllE. coliandSalmonellaspp. isolated through standard bacteriological methods were subjected to antibiotic-susceptibility testing. Double disc synergy and imipenem-EDTA combined disc tests were used to phenotypically confirm the presence of ESBL and MBL respectively. PCR amplification ofβ-lactamase genes was done.ResultsThe prevalence ofE. coliandSalmonellaspecies in this study were 54% and 24.5% respectively. The organisms were highly resistant to metronidazole, cefuroxime and ceftazidime, and also showed a high sensitivity to nitrofurantoin and gentamicin. ESBL production was recorded inE. coli(49%) andSalmonellaspp. (51.1%) while 27 isolates ofE. coli(25%) and 7 isolates ofSalmonellaspp. were confirmed MBL positive by the combined disk diffusion technique. Eleven E. coliand 4Salmonellaspp. co-harbored both ESBL and MBL production. The most prevalent MBL gene in this study is theblaVIMgene (18.8%) which mediate MBL production in Gram negative bacteria; and this was followed byblaSHV(12.5%),blaTEMandblaCTX-M(6.3% each) forE. coliisolates.Salmonellaspp. was recorded to haveblaVIM(28.8%),blaSHV(28.8%),blaTEM(14.3%) andblaCTX-M(14.3%) genes.ConclusionsThis study reveals the prevalence of enteropathogenicE. coliandSalmonellastrains bacteriologically recovered from diarrheic children in Awka, Nigeria, and which were found to be multiple resistant to clinically-relevant antibiotics because they co-express ESBL and MBL genes which mediate multidrug resistance in Gram negative bacteria.
Ultrasound renal denervation: the future of hypertension management?
Authors: Ali Laiba , Fatima Hareer , Riaz Faiza , Mustafa Muhammad Saqlain , Rangwala Burhanuddin Sohail , Rangwala Hussain Sohail 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Hypertension, a leading cause of global mortality and morbidity, affects approximately 1.28 billion adults worldwide, with most cases occurring in low- and middle-income countries. Despite several methods for managing mild to moderate hypertension, effective management of severe or resistant hypertension remains challenging. Renal denervation, a promising non-pharmacological technique, has emerged as a potential solution.

Main body
Renal denervation works by modifying the renal sympathetic nerve supply through techniques such as ultrasound, radiofrequency energy, or injection of neurolytic agents, reducing blood pressure. Clinical trials, including the RADIANCE series, have shown consistent effectiveness of ultrasound renal denervation in lowering blood pressure, especially in patients who were previously unresponsive to anti-hypertensive medications. After a follow-up of 2 months, mean ambulatory systolic blood pressure during the daytime decreased significantly in the ultrasound renal denervation group compared to the sham group. However, further research is needed to determine renal denervation's long-term safety and efficacy.

Conclusions
In conclusion, renal denervation holds great potential in improving the treatment of uncontrolled or resistant hypertension treatment, but more investigations and trials are necessary to establish its effectiveness and safety.
Real-world effectiveness of pharmacological treatments for bipolar disorder: register-based national cohort study
Authors: Lähteenvuo Markku , Paljärvi Tapio , Tanskanen Antti , Taipale Heidi , Tiihonen Jari 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundPharmacological treatment patterns for bipolar disorder have changed during recent years, but for better or worse?AimsTo investigate the comparative real-world effectiveness of antipsychotics and mood stabilisers in bipolar disorder.MethodRegister-based cohort study including all Finnish residents aged 16–65 with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder from in-patient care, specialised out-patient care, sickness absence and disability pensions registers between 1996 and 2018, with a mean follow-up of 9.3 years (s.d. = 6.4). Antipsychotic and mood stabiliser use was modelled using the PRE2DUP method and risk for hospital admission for psychiatric and non-psychiatric reasons when using versus not using medications was estimated using within-individual Cox models.ResultsAmong 60 045 individuals (56.4% female; mean age 41.7 years, s.d. = 15.8), the five medications associated with lowest risk of psychiatric admissions were olanzapine long-acting injection (LAI) (aHR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.37–0.80), haloperidol LAI (aHR = 0.62, 0.47–0.81), zuclopenthixol LAI (aHR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.52–0.85), lithium (aHR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.71–0.76) and clozapine (aHR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.64–0.87). Only ziprasidone (aHR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.07–1.49) was associated with a statistically higher risk. For non-psychiatric (somatic) admissions, only lithium (aHR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.74–0.81) and carbamazepine (aHR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.85–0.97) were associated with significantly reduced risk, whereas pregabalin, gabapentin and several oral antipsychotics, including quetiapine, were associated with an increased risk. Results for a subcohort of first-episode patients (26 395 individuals, 54.9% female; mean age 38.2 years, s.d. = 13.0) were in line with those of the total cohort.ConclusionsLithium and certain LAI antipsychotics were associated with lowest risks of psychiatric admission. Lithium was the only treatment associated with decreased risk of both psychiatric and somatic admissions.
The effects of collaborative care versus consultation liaison for anxiety disorders and depression in Denmark: two randomised controlled trials
Authors: Curth Nadja Kehler , Hjorthøj Carsten , Brinck-Claussen Ursula , Jørgensen Kirstine Bro , Rosendal Susanne , Bojesen Anders Bo , Nordentoft Merete , Eplov Lene Falgaard 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundCollaborative care (CC) and consultation liaison (CL) are two conceptual models aiming to improve mental healthcare in primary care. The effects of these models have not been compared in a Danish setting.AimsTo examine the effects of CC versus CL for persons with anxiety and depression in Danish general practices (trial registration: NCT03113175 and NCT03113201).MethodTwo randomised parallel superiority trials for anxiety disorders and depression were carried out in 2018–2019. In the CC-group, care managers collaborated with general practitioners (GPs) to provide evidence-based treatment according to structured treatment plans. They followed up and provided psychoeducation and/or cognitive–behavioural therapy. The GPs initiated pharmacological treatment if indicated, and a psychiatrist provided supervision. In the CL-group, the intervention consisted of the GP's usual treatment. However, the psychiatrist and care manager could be consulted. Primary outcomes were depression symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-II, BDI-II) in the depression trial and anxiety symptoms (Beck Anxiety Inventory, BAI) in the anxiety trial at 6-month follow-up.ResultsIn total, 302 participants with anxiety disorders and 389 participants with depression were included. A significant difference in BDI-II score was found in the depression trial, with larger symptom reductions in the CC-group (CC: 12.7, 95% CI 11.4–14.0; CL: 17.5, 95% CI 16.2–18.9; Cohen's d = −0.50, P ≤ 0.001). There was a significant difference in BAI in the anxiety trial (CC: 14.9, 95% CI 13.5–16.3; CL: 17.9, 95% CI 16.5–19.3; Cohen's d = −0.34, P ≤ 0.001), with larger symptom reductions in the CC-group.ConclusionsCollaborative care was an effective model to improve outcomes for persons with depression and anxiety disorders.
The Extension of Late Working Life in Germany: Trends, Inequalities, and the East–West Divide
Authors: Dudel Christian , Loichinger Elke , Klüsener Sebastian , Sulak Harun , Myrskylä Mikko 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The extension of late working life has been proposed as a potential remedy for the challenges of aging societies. For Germany, surprisingly little is known about trends and social inequalities in the length of late working life. We use data from the German Microcensus to estimate working life expectancy from age 55 onward for the 1941‒1955 birth cohorts. We adjust our calculations of working life expectancy for working hours and present results for western and eastern Germany by gender, education, and occupation. While working life expectancy has increased across cohorts, we find strong regional and socioeconomic disparities. Decomposition analyses show that among males, socioeconomic differences are predominantly driven by variation in employment rates; among women, variation in both employment rates and working hours are highly relevant. Older eastern German women have longer working lives than older western German women, which is likely attributable to the German Democratic Republic legacy of high female employment.
Microstructural characterization of near-surface microstructures on rail wheels in service – an insight into “stratified surface layers”
Authors: Freisinger Matthias , Trausmuth Andreas 
Published: July 2023

Background: To decrease maintenance costs and improve safety in rail transportation, the understanding of rail and wheel defects is vital. Studies on “white etching layers” (WEL) on rails and wheels, prone to fatigue crack initiation, have been extensively studied. Recently, a relative named “brown etching layer” (BEL) and its combination, the so-called “stratified surface layer” (SSL), are observed in the field. This study presents an investigation on a rail wheel affected by mechanical and thermal loadings from service with focus on the different evolved layers in the near-surface region. Methods: Optical microscopy is performed on etched cross-sectional cuts to identify different evolved microstructures (WEL, BEL, SSL), further, specific regions are investigated in detail by scanning electron microscopy to evaluate the microstructural characteristics. To analyze the change in mechanical properties, low-load Vickers hardness investigations are executed in distinctive zones. Results: This study highlights the broad variety of evolved microstructures, however, a rough classification of WEL (fine mesh-like microstructure, 900 – 1200 HV0.01) and BEL (globular cementite particles, 400 – 600 HV0.01) is given. Further, results indicate that the BEL is commonly accompanied by a WEL, representing an SSL. Conclusions: The complex loading situation in a wheel-rail contact can lead to the formation of WEL, BEL and SSL. The observation of numerous initiated fatigue cracks within these regions demonstrates the relevance of in-depth studies on evolved microstructures in wheel-rail contacts.
Capped MIM metamaterial for ultra-broadband perfect absorbing and its application in radiative cooling
Authors: Wei Bin , Zhu Han , Wu Qiuyue , Cai Guoxiong , Liu Qinghuo 
Published: July 2023

Radiative cooling, which needs no external energy to lower the temperature, has drawn great interest in recent years. As a potential candidate, the design of a metamaterial cooler remains a big challenge due to the complexity of the nanostructure and the low average absorptivity. In this work, a capped metal-insulator-metal metamaterial is proposed to achieve ultra-broadband perfect absorbing. The numerical results show that its average absorptivity is 94% in the 8–13 µm wavelength band under normal incidence, bringing about the excellent selective thermal emissivity in the IR atmospheric transparent window. Together with polarization insensitivity and wide angle independency, the proposed metamaterial can realize a net cooling power as high as 120.7W/m2 under the circumstance without sunshine. As a proof of concept, it is applied to coat the heat sink of a 3D integrated circuit chip. The result shows that the temperature of the observation point lowers 18.3 K after coating. This work offers the promising application of passive radiative cooling in thermal management for personnel, electronic devices, and many others.
Elimination of the fundamental mode hybridization on an x-cut lithium-niobate-on-insulator by using a densely packed bent waveguide array
Authors: Zheng Xiaoxuan , Lin Zongxing , Huang Qiangsheng , He Sailing 
Published: July 2023

Lithium niobate (LiNbO3, LN) is a promising material for integrated photonics due to its natural advantages. The commercialization of thin-film LN technology has revitalized this platform, enabling low-loss waveguides, micro-rings, and compact electro-optical modulators. However, the anisotropic birefringent nature of X-cut LN leads to mode hybridization of TE and TM modes, which is detrimental to most polarization-sensitive integrated optical waveguide devices. A novel structure, to the best of our knowldege, utilizing a densely packed bent waveguide array is presented in this paper to eliminate mode hybridization. The refractive index is modulated in a manner that eliminates the avoided crossing of the refractive index curves of the TE and TM fundamental modes; thus, mode hybridization is prevented. The structures are readily accessible in the full range of commercially available LN film thicknesses from 400 to 720 nm and in any etching depth. The proposed structures give a polarization extinction ratio of −30dB across all bend radii, while simultaneously maintaining low excess loss of less than −1dB after reaching a 100 µm bend radius.
Dynamics of two-level laser models with cavity loss modulation and delayed feedback
Authors: Meucci Riccardo , Llibre Jaume , Pugliese Eugenio , Ginoux Jean-Marc 
Published: July 2023

In 1982, Arecchi et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 1217 (1982)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.49.1217] proposed a simple two-level laser model to interpret the first evidence of chaos and generalized multistability in a Q-switched CO2 laser. In this framework, laser dynamics is described by means of a set of two ordinary differential equations for the photon number and the population inversion between the two resonant levels. A sinusoidal function accounts for cavity loss modulation. In this work, we first prove the existence of a periodic orbit for the original two-level non-autonomous laser. Then, we transform this model into a four-dimensional autonomous dynamical system to provide a mathematical analysis that confirms the seminal results already obtained. Finally, by replacing the sinusoidal loss modulation with a delayed function of photon number, we confirm the occurrence of chaos and multistability for such a delayed model with delay times of the order of the reciprocal of the modulation frequencies.
Potential hidden Plasmodium vivax malaria reservoirs from low parasitemia Duffy-negative Ethiopians: Molecular evidence
Authors: Abebe Abnet , Bouyssou Isabelle , Mabilotte Solenne , Dugassa Sisay , Assefa Ashenafi , Juliano Jonathan J. , Lo Eugenia , Menard Didier , Golassa Lemu 
Published: July 2023

Background
The interaction between the Plasmodium vivax Duffy-binding protein and the corresponding Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines (DARC) is primarily responsible for the invasion of reticulocytes by P. vivax. The Duffy-negative host phenotype, highly prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa, is caused by a single point mutation in the GATA-1 transcription factor binding site of the DARC gene promoter. The aim of this study was to assess the Duffy status of patients with P. vivax infection from different study sites in Ethiopia.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2021 to September 2022 at five varying eco-epidemiological malaria endemic sites in Ethiopia. Outpatients who were diagnosed with P. vivax infection (pure and mixed P. vivax/P. falciparum) by microscopy and Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) were subjected to PCR genotyping at the DARC promoter. The associations between P. vivax infection, host genotypes and other factors were evaluated.

Result
In total, 361 patients with P. vivax infection were included in the study. Patients with pure P. vivax infections accounted for 89.8% (324/361), while the remaining 10.2% (37/361) had mixed P. vivax/P. falciparum infections. About 95.6% (345/361) of the participants were Duffy-positives (21.2% homozygous and 78.8%, heterozygous) and 4.4% (16/361) were Duffy-negatives. The mean asexual parasite density in homozygous and heterozygous Duffy-positives was 12,165 p/μl (IQR25-75: 1,640–24,234 p/μl) and11,655 p/μl (IQR25-75: 1,676–14,065 p/μl), respectively, significantly higher than that in Duffy-negatives (1,227p/μl; IQR25-75: 539–1,732p/μl).

Conclusion
This study confirms that Duffy-negativity does not provide complete protection against P. vivax infection. The development of P. vivax-specific elimination strategies, including alternative antimalarial vaccines should be facilitated by a better understanding of the epidemiological landscape of vivax malaria in Africa. More importantly, low parasitemia associated with P. vivax infections in Duffy-negative patients may represent hidden reservoirs of transmission in Ethiopia.
Student nurse education and preparation for palliative care: A scoping review
Authors: Durojaiye Abiola , Ryan Ruth , Doody Owen 
Published: July 2023

Background
The World Health Organisation and palliative care stakeholders recommend that healthcare workers are educated in palliative care. Provision of high-quality palliative care is fundamental to nursing practice. However, caring for palliative care patients and meeting family needs is challenging without appropriate knowledge and experience. Palliative care education and clinical skill development for undergraduate student nurses is a priority to ensure graduate nurses are equipped with the knowledge and skill to deliver safe and competent care.

Methods
A scoping review guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s framework was used to identify undergraduate student nurses’ palliative care education and preparation. A comprehensive literature search of five electronic databases and grey literature were conducted from January 2002 to December 2021. The aim was to review the empirical evidence and ascertain how undergraduate student nurses’ palliative care education is organised, facilitated, delivered and evaluated. Screening was performed independently by two reviewers against eligibility criteria with meetings to discuss included papers and form a consensus. Data was extracted and related to palliative care undergraduate student nurses’ education, educational model, methodology, key findings, and recommendations. Analysed and summarised data was mapped onto the four key review questions (educational models utilised, methods used to assess effectiveness, facilitators/barriers and gaps in the literature).

Results
34 papers met the criteria for this review. The review highlights that undergraduate nursing palliative care education is more evident in high income countries. Limited and diverse published research existing in low- and middle-income countries. Educational models utilised were theoretical and experiential learning and educational process, early integration and multiple learning methods which were highlighted as facilitating factors. However, crowded curricula, lack of palliative care clinical placement expertise, difficulty providing clinical placement, timing and delivery of palliative care and difficulty responding to simulated environments (manikins) were perceived barriers. Nevertheless, palliative care education can increase knowledge, positive attitude, self-confidence and adequate preparation of undergraduate student nurses.

Conclusion
This review highlights that there is limited research regarding the timing and delivery of palliative care principles and practice in undergraduate student nurse education. Early integration of palliative care education impacts upon students perceived preparedness for practice and positively influences their attitudes to palliative care provision.