bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of a Holocene landslide-dammed lake in the Yalong basin, eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Hao , Yang Anna , Jiang Shengfan , Liu Nannan 
Published: January 2023

The failures of natural dams formed by landslides and glaciers in mountain areas have triggered the most destructive flood events on Earth. Outburst floods are effective agents in modifying landscapes, such as carving bedrock gorges and transporting surface masses. Reconstructing the ages and magnitudes of prehistoric landslide damming events allows us to capture the full range of frequencies and magnitudes of similar events and deepen our understanding of the interaction between large landslides and trunk rivers in tectonically active high-relief mountains. Previous studies have revealed many paleo-landslide-dammed lakes in the Yarlung Tsangpo River and its tributaries, the Jinsha River and the Min River. However, most studies associated with paleo-event reconstruction lack an estimation of the extent and volume of paleo-landslide-dammed lakes. The paleo-level of a landslide-dammed lake can be recorded in the variation in the sedimentary sequence and the geometry of the breach channel of a landslide dam. This information has not been fully exploited. In this study, we identified sedimentary evidence formed by an ancient landslide-dammed lake in the Liqiu River, a left-bank tributary of the Yalong River. The 12 exposures that we investigated mainly consist of typical clay or silt varves deposited in deep water and the Bouma sequence deposited by subaqueous turbidity flows, as well as climbing ripples that formed in a near-shore environment. Based on sedimentary analysis, we inferred that the minimal lake volume of this ancient lake was approximately 2.4 × 108 m3, corresponding to a lake level at 3,187 m a.s.l. The maximal lake extent derived from relict dam morphology reveals a lake volume of 3.2 × 108 m3 at the level of 3,200 m a.s.l. An initial drainage that occurred as the lake water overtopped the landslide dam was suggested to explain the small discrepancy in the lake level. The relict lake has remained stable over a long period of time and has accommodated continuous clay varve deposits. Furthermore, the optically stimulated luminescence dating results illustrate that the dammed lake initiated before 7.9 ka BP and persisted until at least 3.9 ka BP. The long-term cumulative coupled effect of tectonic movement and the rapid river incision rate provided favorable conditions for the failure of the Yuting landslide.
Enhanced 3D velocity structure, seismicity relocation and basement characterization of Changning shale gas and salt mining regions in southern Sichuan basin
Authors: Anyiam Uzonna Okenna , Zhang Haijiang , Tan Yuyang , Qian Jiawei , Gao Lei , Liu Ying , Zuo Kezhen , Zhao Cuiping 
Published: January 2023

Current extensive seismicity in southern Sichuan Basin is ascribed to the reactivation of pre-existing faults, as a result of prolonged fluid injection for salt mining and shale gas development, respectively. However, the structural framework of the region remains poorly understood. Here, we apply Vp/Vsconsistency-constrained double-difference seismic tomography to high quality phase data from 36,314 earthquakes jointly recorded by our local array and a regional seismic network to determine high-resolution velocity models. Earthquake relocations reveal shallow hypocenters for the Ms&gt;5.0 earthquakes and two distinct seismogenic zones corresponding to the salt mine and shale gas regions, with most induced seismic events forming widespread lineaments some of which extend to the basement and are remarkably similar to the fault and fracture trends interpreted on reflection seismic and outcrops, respectively. Our 3-D crustal velocity analyses show that seismicity beneath the Changing salt mining area is associated with a combination of relatively low Vp/Vs(1.6–1.74) and high Vp/Vs(1.75–1.86) expressions, while most of small earthquakes within the Xingwen shale gas block are associated with relatively high Vp/Vsvalues (1.77–1.87), indicating the earthquakes in these two areas are caused by unique inducing mechanisms. The two moderately strong 2018 Xingwen Ms5.7 and 2019 Gongxian Ms5.3 earthquakes in the Xingwen shale gas block are located around low Vp/Vs. zones, suggesting they could be structurally controlled. In comparison, the 2019 Changning Ms6.0 earthquake in the Changning salt mining area is associated with high Vp/Vs. expression, suggesting its occurrence is related to fluid injections. In addition, top of the crystalline early Neoproterozoic (pre-Sinian) Sichuan basement is characterized by the 6.5 km/s Vpcontour, which is new for earthquake tomographic studies in the region. Combined with outcrop analysis, we are able to construct a structural framework for induced seismicity in southern Sichuan basin, which unravels the structural architecture of induced seismicity.
Modeling and estimation of snow depth spatial correlation structure from observations over North America
Authors: Kongoli Cezar , Smith Thomas M. 
Published: January 2023

Estimation of spatial correlations should be an integral part of objective analysis of geophysical variables. However, a statistical assessment of spatial correlations has been absent from studies of objective analysis of snow depth since its debut over 2 decades ago. We show a method for computing regional spatial correlations of observed snow depth and the daily snow depth increment and fitting them to correlation functions to estimate the correlation scale parameters. Both horizontal and vertical distance correlations are computed from station observations over a well sampled part of North America. The vertical and horizontal distance correlations are fitted to exponential functions using the least square method to estimate the correlation scale parameters including the amplitude, which represents short distance correlation. Our assessment suggests a large horizontal e-folding correlation scale for both the observed snow depth and the daily increment, with implications for improving predictions in poorly monitored areas with relatively flat topography. Over mountainous terrain, vertical e-folding correlation scale for observed snow depth is much smaller than that for the daily snow depth increment and for the snow depth increment used in operational snow analyses. That means that optimal interpolation-based analysis of the increments may be more accurate than the interpolation of snow depth data.
Effects of vertical shear on intensification of tropical cyclones of different initial sizes
Authors: Bi Mingyu , Wang Ruifang , Li Tim , Ge Xuyang 
Published: January 2023

Idealized experiments were conducted to examine the impacts of moderate vertical wind shear (VWS, i.e., magnitude of 12 m s−1) on the intensification of tropical cyclones (TCs) of different initial sizes. The results showed that the intensity of all the simulated TCs decreased at the first 12-hour integration after imposing the shear. Larger TCs resumed intensification earlier, whereas smaller ones re-intensified more slowly or even failed to intensify. The differences in the intensification rate are likely due to the tilting magnitude. Under VWS, the upper-level TC center exhibited a horizontal displacement relative to the low-level circulation. In general, this displacement was smaller in larger TCs, indicating that larger TCs are less susceptible to VWS. Thermodynamically, the intrusion of mid-level low moist entropy also played a role in suppressing upshear convection. This negative impact was pronounced in smaller TCs. By using the PV-ω equation, the resilience of TC to VWS was compared. The second circulation forced by both dry dynamic and diabatic heating acted to restore the system to a vertically upright position. For larger TCs, more extensive convection was prolific on the downshear side, and its corresponding forced second circulation offset a larger part of the low-to mid-level environmental shear, which made larger TCs more resilient to VWS; i.e., larger TCs produced stronger low to middle counter shear circulation and facilitated vertical realignment. In contrast, for smaller TCs, the updrafts forced by dry dynamic and diabatic heating were deeper but narrower at the initial time, which did not efficiently reduce the mid-level VWS, resulting in greater tilting of the TC, thus making the smaller TCs more vulnerable to VWS.
Serum C-reactive protein levels are associated with clinical pregnancy rate after in vitro fertilization among normal-weight women
Authors: Zhang Huixia , Li Xin , Zhang Fan , Li Fei , Jin Haixia , Su Yingchun , Li Gang 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveTo assess whether low-grade inflammation, measured by serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels, is associated with in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes.DesignA retrospective study.SettingUniversity-affiliated IVF center.Patient(s)In the present study, 875 women of normal weight who underwent their first fresh embryo transfer (ET) cycles for IVF treatment were divided into three groups according to serum concentrations of hsCRP.Intervention(s)Serum from women undergoing IVF was collected on days 2-4 of a spontaneous menstrual cycle prior to the commencement of ovarian stimulation.Main Outcome Measure(s)The IVF outcomes included implantation, biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, miscarriage and live birth rates.Result(s)The women were divided into three groups according to the baseline serum levels of hsCRP as follows: low hsCRP (&lt;1 mg/L; n=517), medium hsCRP (1-3 mg/L; n= 270), high hsCRP (&gt;3 mg/L; n=88). The maternal age was similar among the three groups. The women in the high and medium hsCRP group had significantly higher BMI compared with those in the low hsCRP group. The protocol of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, the gonadotropin dose administered, the serum estradiol levels, progesterone levels and the endometrial thickness on the day of triggering, as well as the number of retrieved oocytes, fertilized oocytes and good quality embryos, and the oocyte maturation rate were similar among the three groups. Implantation, biochemical pregnancy and clinical miscarriage rates did not differ significantly were not significantly different among three groups. The clinical pregnancy rate was significantly lower in the high hsCRP group compared with that in the low hsCRP group (50.0% versus 63.4%; P&lt;0.0167), which contributed to a significant decrease in birth rate (39.8% versus 53.8%; P&lt;0.0167). High serum hsCRP levels was found to be a factor affecting live birth rateConclusion(s)Among women of normal weight undergoing their first IVF treatment, it was found that low-grade inflammation was associated with reduced clinical pregnancy and live birth rates following fresh ET cycles.
The diagnosis and treatment for a patient with cancer of unknown primary: A case report
Authors: Hu Hong , Pan Qin , Shen Jiaying , Yao Junlin , Fu Guoxiang , Tian Fengjuan , Yan Na , Han Weidong 
Published: January 2023

Background: Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) is a class of metastatic malignant tumors whose primary location cannot be determined. The diagnosis and treatment of CUP are a considerable challenge for clinicians. Herein, we report a CUP case whose corresponding primary tumor sites were successfully identified, and the patient received proper treatment.Case report: In February 2022, a 74-year-old woman was admitted to the Medical Oncology Department at Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital for new lung and intestinal tumors after more than 9 years of breast cancer surgery. After laparoscopically assisted right hemicolectomy, pathology revealed mucinous adenocarcinoma; the pathological stage was pT2N0M0. Results from needle biopsies of lung masses suggested poorly differentiated cancer, ER (-), PR (-), and HER2 (-), which combined with the clinical history, did not rule out metastatic breast cancer. A surgical pathology sample was needed to determine the origin of the tumor tissue, but the patient’s chest structure showed no indications for surgery. Analysis of the tumor’s traceable gene expression profile prompted breast cancer, and analysis of next-generation amplification sequencing (NGS) did not obtain a potential drug target. We developed a treatment plan based on comprehensive immunohistochemistry, a gene expression profile, and NGS analysis. The treatment plan was formulated using paclitaxel albumin and capecitabine in combination with radiotherapy. The efficacy evaluation was the partial response (PR) after four cycles of chemotherapy and two cycles combined with radiotherapy.Conclusion: This case highlighted the importance of identifying accurate primary tumor location for patients to benefit from treatment, which will provide a reference for the treatment decisions of CUP tumors in the future.
Effect and mechanism of rare Earth and alkaline Earth metals on the high-temperature stability of activated alumina
Authors: Wu Zhiqiang , Jiang Longwen , Dong Quan , Gao Qiang , Cai Jingxuan , Cheng Xiaowei 
Published: January 2023

Active alumina (Al2O3) is one of the carrier materials used for the purification of automobile exhaust. The crystal transformation of active Al2O3 is due to the high temperature of the automobile exhaust port, which greatly reduces the specific surface area and affects the catalytic efficiency. To improve the high-temperature stability of active Al2O3, this study synthesized Al2O3via the gel-sol method. The influence of rare Earth and alkaline Earth metal doping modification on the high-temperature stability of activated Al2O3 was investigated. The specific surface areas were analyzed using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy to explore the effects and mechanism of different contents of La, Ce, and Ba on active Al2O3. The results showed that suitable single doping of La, Ce, and Ba inhibited the phase transition of Al2O3 and improved the high-temperature stability of active Al2O3. When 1% of La and Ba were mixed and doped into active Al2O3, the specific surface area of the sample after aging at 1,100°C for 4 h was 119.2512 m2/g. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the agglomeration of Ba atoms inside the alumina and that the incorporated La atoms accelerated the agglomeration and promoted the formation of BaAl2O4.
Supraglottic jet oxygenation and ventilation via nasopharyngeal airway for a patient with iatrogenic tracheoesophageal fistula: A case report
Authors: Gu Yang , Zhang Xiaowei , Min Keting , Wei Juan , Zhou Qing , Lv Xin , Duan Ruowang 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundIatrogenic tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is a rare but life-threatening condition. No consensus has been reached regarding TEF treatment, though, stenting has been gaining popularity for less invasiveness than thoracic surgery. The airway management during stent placement for TEF could be challenging.Case presentationsWe report a patient who suffered from TEF after cardiac surgery with symptoms of persistent coughing and aspiration. He who was admitted for stent placement but ended up in failure and referred to our institution for further treatment. We successfully took advantage of the supraglottic jet oxygenation and ventilation (SJOV) during stent placement.ConclusionThis is the first case so far describing SJOV in complicated stenting treatment. This demonstrates that SJOV can be applied for stent placement in TEF patients with restricted airways.
An experimental study of liquid micro-jets produced with a gas dynamic virtual nozzle under the influence of an electric field
Authors: Zupan Bor , Peña-Murillo Gisel Esperanza , Zahoor Rizwan , Gregorc Jurij , Šarler Božidar , Knoška Juraj , Gañán-Calvo Alfonso M. , Chapman Henry N. , Bajt Saša 
Published: January 2023

The results of an experimental study of micro-jets produced with a gas dynamic virtual nozzle (GDVN) under the influence of an electric field are provided and discussed for the first time. The experimental study is performed with a 50% volume mixture of water and ethanol, and nitrogen focusing gas. The liquid sample and gas Reynolds numbers range from 0.09–5.4 and 0–190, respectively. The external electrode was positioned 400–500 μm downstream of the nozzle tip and an effect of electric potential between the electrode and the sample liquid from 0–7 kV was investigated. The jetting parametric space is examined as a function of operating gas and liquid flow rates, outlet chamber pressure, and an external electric field. The experimentally observed jet diameter, length and velocity ranged from 1–25 μm, 50–500 μm and 0.5–10 m/s, respectively. The jetting shape snapshots were processed automatically using purposely developed computer vision software. The velocity of the jet was calculated from the measured jet diameter and the sample flow rate. It is found that micro-jets accelerate in the direction of the applied electric field in the downstream direction at a constant acceleration as opposed to the standard GDVNs. New jetting modes were observed, where either the focusing gas or the electric forces dominate, encouraging further theoretical and numerical studies towards optimized system design. The study shows the potential to unlock a new generation of low background sample delivery for serial diffraction measurements of weakly scattering objects.
Case report: Trigeminal neuralgia misdiagnosed as glossopharyngeal neuralgia
Authors: Wu Liangzhe , Xiong Jinbiao , Huang Ying , Han Kunning , Cai Kunhao , Fu Xuejun 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundTrigeminal neuralgia (TN) and glossopharyngeal neuralgia (GPN) are cranial nerve neuralgias with the same clinical manifestations, pathological features, and trigger factors; their affected sites are adjacent. Performing a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination alone can easily lead to a misdiagnosis.Case presentationA 72-year-old man had visited another hospital with severe left-sided tongue pain. On MRI, vascular compression of the glossopharyngeal nerve had been visible, with unclear evidence of trigeminal nerve involvement. He had been diagnosed with left-sided GPN and underwent microvascular decompression (MVD) of the left glossopharyngeal nerve. However, no improvement was observed after surgery. During a second surgery at our hospital, MVD of the trigeminal nerve was performed, and the trigeminal nerve was fully explored and separated. The patient's pain resolved after surgery. Ultimately, the patient was definitively diagnosed with left-sided TN.Discussion and conclusionMVD is currently the most efficacious surgical option for treating cranial nerve neuralgia. To select patients for MVD, having an MRI criteria for identifying true neurovascular compression will be helpful. However, clinicians should focus more on a patient's clinical symptoms and not rely solely on MRI findings. This patient's case can help clinicians distinguish between TN and GPN, improve the understanding of these diseases, avoid misdiagnosis, and reduce the possibility of secondary damage.
A draft conceptual model of SLC6A1 neurodevelopmental disorder
Authors: Goodspeed Kimberly , Mosca Lindsay R. , Weitzel Nicole C. , Horning Kyle , Simon Elijah W. , Pfalzer Anna C. , Xia Maya , Langer Katherine , Freed Amber , Bone Megan , Picone Maria , Bichell Terry Jo V. 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionSLC6A1 Neurodevelopmental Disorder (SLC6A1-NDD), first described in 2015, is a rare syndrome caused by a mutation in the SLC6A1 gene which encodes for the GABA Transporter 1 (GAT-1) protein. Epilepsy is one of the most common symptoms in patients and is often the primary treatment target, though the severity of epilepsy is variable. The impact of seizures and other symptoms of SLC6A1-NDD on patients and caregivers is wide-ranging and has not been described in a formal disease concept study.MethodsA literature search was performed using the simple search term, “SLC6A1.” Papers published before 2015, and those which did not describe the human neurodevelopmental disorder were removed from analysis. Open-ended interviews on lived experiences were conducted with two patient advocate key opinion leaders. An analysis of de-identified conversations between families of people with SLC6A1-NDD on social media was performed to quantify topics of concern.ResultsPublished literature described symptoms in all of the following domains: neurological, visual, motor, cognitive, communication, behavior, gastrointestinal, sleep, musculo-skeletal, and emotional in addition to epilepsy. Key opinion leaders noted two unpublished features: altered hand use in infants, and developmental regression with onset of epilepsy. Analysis of social media interactions confirmed that the core symptoms of epilepsy and autistic traits were prominent concerns, but also demonstrated that other symptoms have a large impact on family life.DiscussionFor rare diseases, analysis of published literature is important, but may not be as comprehensive as that which can be gleaned from spontaneous interactions between families and through qualitative interviews. This report reflects our current understanding of the lived experience of SLC6A1-NDD. The discrepancy between the domains of disease reported in the literature and those discussed in patient conversations suggests that a formal qualitative interview-based disease concept study of SLC6A1-NDD is warranted.
Determinants of maternal, infant, and young child nutrition during the 1,000-day window of opportunity in Solomon Islands: A focused ethnographic study
Authors: Grey Kelsey , Kodish Stephen R. , Namohunu Salome Aroma , Losi Jill , Matean Maryam , Palaniappan Uma , Northrup-Lyons Martina , Cherian Arlin , Gwavuya Stanley , McLean Judy , Erasmus Wendy 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionThis focused ethnographic study used qualitative, ethnographic, and participatory methods to explore determinants of maternal, infant, and young child nutrition (MIYCN) during the first 1,000 days of life as part of efforts to address the double burden of malnutrition in Solomon Islands.MethodsAn iterative study design was used to first explore and then confirm findings related to food and nutrition security and social and behavioral determinants of MIYCN in urban and rural settings. The first phase included in-depth interviews, household observations, free lists, and seasonal food availability calendar workshops while the second phase included focus group discussions, pile sorts, participatory community workshops, and repeated household observations.Results and discussionWe found that MIYCN is shaped by a complex interaction of factors at the macro- and micro-levels. At the macro-level, globalization of the food system, a shifting economy, and climate change are driving a shift toward a delocalized food system based on imported processed foods. This shift has contributed to a food environment that leaves Solomon Islanders vulnerable to food and nutrition insecurity, which we found to be the primary determinant of MIYCN in this context. At the micro-level, this food environment leads to household- and individual-level food decisions that often do not support adequate MIYCN. Multi-sectoral interventions that address the macro- and micro-level factors shaping this nutrition situation may help to improve MIYCN in Solomon Islands.