bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visible lymph node irradiation (VNRT) of the low-risk neck levels inpatients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: An exploratory trial protocol
Authors: Liao Wenjun , Zhao Yue , Zhang Jun , Peng Guang , Deng Yue , Zhang Xudong , Ren Jing , Zhang Shichuan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The long-term complications in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) caused by radiotherapy can be decreased by reducing the volume of neck irradiation. We are proposing a new approach of neck prophylactic irradiation based on selective upper-neck irradiation, called VNRT (visible lymph node (LN) irradiation of the low-risk neck levels). Visible LNs are defined as any LN that doesn’t fulfill the diagnostic criteria for positive LNs but is greater than or equal to 3 mm in maximum diameter. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of VNRT in NPC.
Methods
In this exploratory trial, 20 patients will be included with histologically proven T1-3N0-1 NPC. Our proposed VNRT will include two clinical target volumes (CTVs) for the neck: LN levels of prophylactic irradiation (CTVln) and all visible LNs (CTVnd). For N0 patients and N1 patients who only have ipsilateral or bilateral positive retropharyngeal LNs, the CTVln will include bilateral level II, and the CTVnd will include all visible LNs in bilateral levels III and Va. For N1 patients who have positive LNs in neck level II, the CTVln will include bilateral level II and ipsilateral levels III and Va. Additionally, for these patients, the CTVnd will include all visible LNs located in ipsilateral levels IV and Vb and contralateral levels III and Va. For N1 patients who have positive LNs in neck levels II and III, the CTVln will include bilateral level II and ipsilateral levels III, IV, and V. The CTVnd for these patients will include all visible LNs located contralateral III and Va. The main study endpoint is 2-year regional relapse-free survival.
Discussion
This trial will explore visible lymph node irradiation(VNRT) of the low-risk levels in patients with NPC .And this novel treatment will significantly reduce the volume of neck irradiation and dose in organs at risk ,thus reducing radiation related long-term toxicities.And our study might provide a deeper understanding of the lymph node metastasis in NPC.
Trial registration:
This trial was registered in the China clinical trial registration center (Registration number: ChiCTR2300067783).
PRESOLRE: Study protocol for a primary school-based, cluster randomised controlled trial of three sun exposure risk prevention strategies on Reunion Island
Authors: Dugast Charline , Bruneau Léa , Fianu Adrian , Ferdynus Cyril , Boussaid Karim , Vuichard Juliette , Duloutre Floreana , Dumez Jessica , Sultan-Bichat Nathalie , Bertolotti Antoine 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction:
Reunion Island, a French overseas department, is located in the southern hemisphere, close to the Capricorn tropic in the same range of latitudes as Australia. This island has a multi-cultural and multi-ethnicpopulation of 860,000 inhabitants, a quarter of whom are at high risk of developing skin cancer due to intense ultraviolet radiation. Melanoma is responsible for the majority of skin cancer deaths. The early prevention of melanoma is based on sun protection in childhood, but Reunion Island complies with the regulations of mainland France, which are not adapted to the environmental conditions of this tropical region.
Objective:
The main objective of our study is to evaluate the effectiveness of three sun protection programs conducted in Reunionese primary schools through a pupil knowledge questionnaire.
Trial design:
PRESOLRE is an interventional, open-label, cluster-randomised controlled trial, in 4 parallel arms, that is being conducted throughout 2022-2023 on Reunion Island. The trial design assumes an escalation interventional effect using: first, a control arm without proposed intervention (arm 1); second, an arm whose classes of pupils are encouraged to use the validated educational program ‘Living with the sun’ (arm 2); third, an arm whose classes of pupils are encouraged to use both ‘Living with the sun’ combined with MiSolRé's sun protection awareness program (arm 3); fourth, an arm whose classes of pupils are encouraged to use ‘Living with the sun’ combined with MiSolRé's sun protection awareness program, and who receive a distribution of hats, sunglasses and sun creams (arm 4). In all, 1,780 pupils from eighty classes of 20 pupils, on average, will be included. Randomisation applies to the classes of pupils (so defined as clusters). The analysis of the primary outcome is based on the proportion of correct answers to the knowledge questions after the awareness program, compared between the 4 arms using a linear mixed model with random intercept.
Implications for public health:
The public health perspective of this interventional research protocol is to scale up the best sun protection programs for both the entire Reunion Island territory and the other tropical French overseas departments.
Trial registration number: ID: NCT05367180
Designing renewable and socially accepted energy systems for astronomical telescopes: A move towards energy justice
Authors: Valenzuela-Venegas Guillermo , Lode Maria Luisa , Viole Isabelle , Felice Alex , Alonso Ander Martinez , Camargo Luis Ramirez , Sartori Sabrina , Zeyringer Marianne 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Remote astronomical telescopes without access to the national electricity grid rely mostly on fossil fuels. Climate change concerns and fuel price vulnerability drive the transition to renewable energy sources. Astronomical facilities are usually designed without considering the surrounding communities’ social and energy needs or using renewable energy sources to power them. This study proposes a socially accepted renewable energy system for a future telescope in the Atacama Desert, combining an energy system model with a participatory multi-criteria analysis. Our findings highlight that various stakeholders prioritize emission reduction, security of supply, and electricity costs. The results reveal that a renewable energy system supplying the telescope could also cover 66% of the nearby San Pedro de Atacama community’s energy needs without additional capacity. Replicating similar energy systems at nearby telescopes could reduce fossil fuel-based energy generation by over 30GWh annually, cutting emissions of the area by 17-23ktCO2eq, while contributing to energy justice.
Comparing the effect profile of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) in individuals of East Asian and European ancestries
Authors: Dunca Diana , Chopade Sandesh , Gordillo-Maranon Maria , Hingorani Aroon , Kuchenbaecker Karoline , Finan Chris , Schmidt Amand 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

CETP is a lipid drug target under development for coronary heart disease (CHD) in both European and East Asian populations. Previous drug target Mendelian randomization (MR) studies conducted in East Asians failed to show a CHD effect, which has been interpreted as lack of effectiveness of CETP inhibition for CHD prevention in this population. Nevertheless, CETP inhibitors are currently being evaluated in East Asian participants. Capitalizing on recent increases in sample size of East Asian GWAS, we therefore conducted a drug target MR to estimate and compare ancestry-specific effects of on-target CETP inhibition. Employing cross-ancestry colocalization, we found strong evidence of a shared causal CETP variant affecting HDL-C in both populations, which was not observed for LDL-C. WE conducted drug target MR, scaled to a standard deviation increase in HDL-C, and found that lower CETP was associated with lower LDL-C, Lp[a], systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure in both groups, with more pronounced effects in Europeans individuals (interaction p-values < 1.9×10 − 3). Lower CETP was protective against CHD, angina, intracerebral haemorrhage and heart failure in both ancestries, for example for CHD in East Asians (OR 0.89, 95%CI 0.84;0.94) compared to Europeans (OR 0.95, 95%CI 0.92;0.99, interaction p-value = 0.05). In conclusion, on-target inhibition of CETP is anticipated to decrease cardiovascular disease in individuals of both European and East Asian ancestries.
High population frequencies of MICA copy number variations originate from independent recombination events
Authors: Klussmeier Anja , Putke Kathrin , Klasberg Steffen , Kohler Maja , Sauter Jürgen , Schefzyk Daniel , Schöfl Gerhard , Massalski Carolin , Schäfer Gesine , Schmidt Alexander , Roers Axel , Lange Vinzenz 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
MICA is a stress-induced ligand of the NKG2D receptor that stimulates NK and T cell responses and was identified as a key determinant of anti-tumor immunity. The MICA gene is located inside the MHC complex and is in strong linkage disequilibrium with HLA-B. While an HLA-B*48-linked MICA deletion-haplotype was previously described in Asian populations, little is known about other MICA copy number variations. Here, we report the genotyping of more than two million individuals revealing high frequencies of MICA duplications (1%) and MICA deletions (0.4%). Their prevalence differs between ethnic groups and can rise to 2.8% (Croatia) and 9.2% (Mexico), respectively. Targeted sequencing of more than 70 samples indicates that these copy number variations originate from independent nonallelic homologous recombination events between segmental duplications upstream of MICA and MICB. Overall, our data warrant further investigation of disease associations and consideration of MICA copy number data in oncological study protocols.
Non-contact Transfer of Liquid Metal from an Anode to Cathode without Short Circuiting
Authors: Wang Xiaolin , He Yahua , You Jing , Dickey Michael 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Liquid metals attached to an anode in an electrochemical cell moves toward the cathode due to Marangoni forces since electrochemical oxidation of the metal lowers the interfacial tension of the metal. Yet, when the droplet reaches cathode, it wraps around the cathode but does not touch it despite the strong electrostatic attraction between the positively charged liquid metal and negatively charged cathode. The combination of electrochemical oxidation of the surface of the liquid metal anode and hydrogen production on the cathode prevents contact, thus avoiding a short-circuit between the two electrodes. Consequently, liquid metal continues to flow toward the cathode and surrounds it until finally the liquid metal completely detaches from the anode and transfers to the cathode. Such manipulation depends on the distance between cathode and liquid metal; only the closest droplet will detach and transfer. During this process, the liquid can adopt surprising shapes that resemble tentacles due to the low tension of the metal. We demonstrate and characterize the unique ability to detach and transfer liquid metal in a non-contact manner with a low applied voltage.
Coupling structural, chemical and stress fluctuations with
relaxation dynamics in metallic glasses
Authors: Şopu Daniel , Yuan Xudong , Spieckermann Florian , Eckert Jürgen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Understanding the atomistic mechanisms of relaxation dynamics in metallic glasses remains a longstanding challenge. Using microsecond time scale molecular dynamics simulations, three main relaxation stages in metallic glasses are identified. At about 0.6Tg chemical effects play a dominant role in the relaxation, manifested by stress accumulation and only minimal variations in the structure. As Tg approaches, the combined structural and chemical effects play the role in the decoupling the relaxation mechanisms. At this temperature, both structure and stress relax to lower levels. In the supercooled liquid regime, an extensive increase in the number of the closed-packed icosahedral clusters is responsible for the accelerated structural relaxation while their packing frustration leads to the accumulation of intrinsic residual stresses in the glass. New insights into the atomic origin of these dynamic relaxation modes is given and discussed in terms of structural, chemical and stress variations.
Dimethoate degrading efficiency of Bacillus paramycoides isolated from pesticide influenced rhizospheric soil of sugarcane field in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Sur Saheli , Sathiavelu Mythili 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Pesticides are inevitable part of Indian agriculture. Statistically, India is one of the top producer of pesticide over the world. As a developing country, abundance use of pesticide is quite common and organophosphates (OPP) being one of them. Known for causing acute toxicity, OPPs are needed to be used controllably and residues released into the environment should be treated to render harmless. Biological degradation is one of the effective ways to achieve that. However, exploring potential candidate for the purpose is still not sufficient compared to the necessity to alleviate OPP from environment. In this study, dimethoate, a subclass of OPP has been studied for microbial degradation using bacteria Bacillus paramycoides, isolated from rhizospheric soil of sugarcane cultivation fields pre-exposed to pesticide dimethoate for considerable long time. The strain has been extensively studied to check its prospect on environmental stress, pesticide tolerance and degradation efficiency. The isolate was found to degrade dimethoate by 97.6% in 5 days with a tolerance of 1000ppm of targeted pesticide. Emphasis have also been made to detect the secondary metabolites produced by the isolate using GCMS analysis and the functional groups were confirmed by FTIR. Significant biologically important metabolites obtained from B.paramycoides were also reported in this study which are known to have having anticancerous, antibacterial properties. This work presumably is the first communication prospecting B.paramycoides for dimethoate degradation.
Investigation of Rock Mechanics Characteristics and Strength in a Squeezing Tunnel: A Case Study of the Haba Snow Mountain Tunnel
Authors: Zhao Jinpeng , Tan Zhongsheng , Li Zonglin , Zhang Baojin , Wang Fengxi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Determining the rock mechanics characteristics and strength is crucial in the effective design of tunnels, particularly in challenging conditions such as squeezing stratum. The focus of this study is on metamorphic basalt, especially its behavior in the Haba Snow Mountain Tunnel Project, which has experienced severe extrusion deformation and collapse of 189m long secondary lining structure. This project is currently the most severely squeezing tunnel in China. Understanding the rock strength in such conditions is of utmost importance. To analyze the rock's properties, thin section identification, XRD diffraction, and scanning electron microscope tests were conducted to determine the mineral composition and microscopic characteristics. Subsequently, the rock's strength was assessed through uniaxial compression, point load, and rebound strength tests. Alongside, the study investigates the mechanical properties of metamorphic basalt and explores the relationship between different rock strength test methods. The findings demonstrate a significant linear correlation between the uniaxial compressive strength, rebound strength, and point load strength of the rocks. The relationship between the point load index and uniaxial compressive strength is represented as y=10.97x, exhibiting a strong correlation coefficient of 0.93. Conversely, the relationship between rebound strength and uniaxial compressive strength is described by y=1.26x-7.39, with a correlation coefficient of 0.76, slightly lower than the point load. Furthermore, as the rock's point load index increases, the confidence region of the relationship between the point load index and uniaxial compressive strength expands. Similarly, the confidence region of the relationship between rebound strength and uniaxial compressive strength initially decreases and then increases with increasing rebound strength. These research findings have significant implications for tunnel design, specifically in understanding the mechanical properties of metamorphic basalt and how different rock strength test methods relate to each other. By considering these relationships, engineers can design tunnels effectively and mitigate potential risks in squeezing stratum conditions.
Anatomy of the superior laryngeal nerve space: Cadaveric evaluation and its clinical implication for regional anesthesia in the airway management
Authors: Yeo In-Seung , Cho Tae-Hyeon , Yang Yunil , Kim Shin Hyung , Yang Hun-Mu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This present study was designed to visualize the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) space and investigate the spreading patterns of the agent in the SLN space using three-dimensional (3D) micro-computed tomography (CT), histologic study, and cadaveric evaluation. Thirteen non-embalmed human cadavers were used in this study. Micro-CT images of the larynx and the surrounding structures were obtained, and 3D images were reconstructed. The structure of the SLN space was verified via histological examination and manual dissection. To evaluate anatomical findings, 1 and 3 mL of dye were injected into the SLN space with unilateral or midline approach under ultrasound guidance, and the dye spreading patterns were investigated. Micro-CT and histological findings revealed that the SLN space was delimited between the infrahyoid muscle groups anteriorly and the thyroid membrane attached closely to the pretracheal fascia posteriorly. The ipsilateral internal branch of the SLN was fully stained by injecting 1 mL of dye unilaterally and furthermore, the ipsilateral external branch and recurrent laryngeal nerve were also frequently involved when 3 mL of the dye was used. A single injection of 3 mL dye through the midline approach was sufficient to involve internal branches of the SLN of both sides. The SLN space should be an anatomical target for the internal branch of the SLN block. In addition, this space provides potential pathways for the spread of injectate to the adjacent nerves that innervate the airway.
COP-22 alleviates D-galactose-induced brain aging by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in mice
Authors: Ma Yazhong , Wang Xiaotong , Li Xin , Chen Xi , Teng Zhifeng , Wang Xuekun , Yang Jie , Liu Guoyun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Aging is a natural and inevitable process of organisms. With the intensification of population aging, research on aging has become a hot topic of global attention. The most obvious manifestation of human aging is the aging of brain function, which has been linked to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, COP-22, a mono-carbonyl curcumin derivative, was evaluated for its anti-aging ability, especially its ability to resist brain aging in mice induced by D-galactose (D-gal). For brain protection, COP-22 could resist D-gal-induced oxidative stress by increasing the activity of anti-oxidative defense enzymes and enhancing antioxidant capacity in the brain tissue; COP-22 could improve the dysfunction of the cholinergic system through decreasing the increased activity of acetylcholinesterase and increasing the reduced content of acetylcholine induced by D-gal; and COP-22 could protect nerve cells of the brain. Further, the western bolt was used to determine related protein of the brain. We found that COP-22 could effectively protect against brain injury (SIRT1, p53, p21 and p16) by inhibiting oxidative stress (Nrf2 and HO-1), inflammation (IL-6 and TNF-α) and apoptosis (Bax and Caspase-3) in D-gal-induced aging mice. Additionally, COP-22 demonstrated the ability to reduce oxidative stress in serum and liver caused by D-gal, as well as relieve the damages of liver and kidney induced by D-gal. These results indicated that COP-22 had potential anti-aging activity, and could be used in the therapy of aging and aging-associated diseases like Alzheimer disease.
Soil loss modelling in Himalayan region; A case of Tuirial Basin, Mizoram
Authors: Lawmchullova Imanuel , Rao Udaya Bhaskara , rinkimi Lal 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Soil loss is most common phenomenon everywhere but it is more peculiar in the eastern Himalayan extension region like Mizoram due to its rugged terrain composed of sedimentary rock. As the region falls under moist tropical climate, erosion is assumed to be very high due to existence of steep slopes and loose sedimentary terrain, which needs attention for soil conservation and other management practices to check at least to minimize further erosion. An attempt was made in Tuirial watershed in the northeastern part of Mizoram based on the integration of the factors like R, K, LS and C in GIS environment. The estimated average annual soil loss ranges from 0.0 to 1519.52 thousand t ha− 1y− 1. Soil loss in this watershed was classified into seven zones of erosion intensity. Among all, high to very severe zones occupy large area of about 13027.53 ha. which is 9.35% of the total area. The use of geospatial technologies in the quantification of soil loss through the integration of R, K, LS, C and P factors for better resource planning in order to implement appropriate conservation measures is found to be effective.
Mortality and morbidity patterns in Yaoundé, Cameroon: An ICD-11 classification-based analysis
Authors: Nguefack-Tsague Georges , Lekeumo Fabrice Zobel Cheuyem , Noah Boris Edmond , Ndobo-Koe Valérie , Amani Adidja , Mekontchou Léa Melataguia , Gweth Marie Ntep , Assala Annick Collins Mfoulou Minso , Ngoufack Marie Nicole , Pierre René Binyom 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
In Cameroon, data generated by health settings including morbidity and mortality parameters are not always uniform. In the absence of a national guideline necessary for the standardization and harmonization of data, precision of data required for effective decision-making is therefore not guaranteed.
Methods
The objective of the present investigation was to assess the reporting style of morbidity and mortality data in healthcare settings. A cross sectional study was carried out from May to June 2022 Yaoundé Central Hospital. A questionnaire was used to assess the need to set up a standard tool to improve the reporting system. Medical records were used to collect mortality and morbidity data which were then compared to the International Classification of Disease-11 (ICD-11) codification. Data were analysed using IBM-SPSS versions 26.
Results
Out of 200 patients’ morbidity causes recorded, more than two third were heterogeneous (74%). Almost half of mortality cause reported were heterogeneous (41%). Most of respondents stated the need to set up a standard tool for collecting mortality and morbidity data (82%). Although most of participants reported having sufficient knowledge to establish death certificates (83.6%), only a few proportions declared using medical certificated to establish cause of death (34.5%). Less than half of health staff were able to understand data flow (18%), correctly archive data (37%) and use electronic tool for data quality control (40%).
Conclusion
There was a high inadequacy between the hospital reporting style. It is therefore urgent that Cameroon national health authorities implement the ICD-11 in the data management system.