bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of non-symmetric non-uniformly distributed welding residual stress on fatigue failure initiation and propagation in a hydropower generator shaft
Authors: Abdul Jawwad Abdul Kareem , Mahdi Mofid 
Published: June 2023

PurposeThis article aims to investigate and model the effects of welding-generated thermal cycle on the resulting residual stress distribution and its role in the initiation and propagation of fatigue failure in thick shaft sections.Design/methodology/approachExperimental and numerical techniques were applied in the present study to explore the relationship(s) between welding residual-stress distribution and fatigue failure characteristics in a hydropower generator shaft. Experimental techniques included stereomicroscopy, optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), chemical analysis and mechanical testing. Finite element modelling (FEM) was used to model the shaft welding cycle in terms of thermal (temperature) history and the associated development of residual stresses within the weld joint.FindingsExperimental analyses have confirmed the suitability of the used material for the intended application and confirmed the failure mode to be low cycle fatigue. The observed failure characteristics, however, did not match with the applied loading in terms of design stress levels, directionality and expected crack imitation site(s). FEM results have revealed the presence of a sharp stress peak in excess of 630 MPa (about 74% of material's yield strength) around weld start point and a non-uniform residual stress distribution in both the circumferential and through-thickness directions. The present results have shown very close matching between FEM results and observed failure characteristics.Practical implicationsThe present article considers an actual industrial case of a hydropower generator shaft failure. Present results are valuable in providing insight information regarding such failures as well as some preventive design and fabrication measures for the hydropower and other power generation and transmission sector.Originality/valueThe presence of the aforementioned stress peak around welding start/end location and the non-uniform distribution of residual-stress field are in contrast to almost all published results based on some uniformity assumptions. The present FEM results were, however, the only stress distribution scenario capable of explaining the failure considered in the present research.
Integrating ESG disclosure into the relationship between CSR and green organizational culture toward green Innovation
Authors: Mukhtar Bilal , Shad Muhammad Kashif , Woon Lai Fong , Haider Mehwish , Waqas Ahmad 
Published: June 2023

Purpose
This study aims to propose a conceptual framework to examine the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and green organizational culture (GOC) on green innovation with the moderating role of environmental, social and governance (ESG) disclosure in the Malaysian manufacturing industry.

Design/methodology/approach
The study is based on primary data to be collected from 204 manufacturing enterprises of consumers, products and services sector through a questionnaire that incorporates the five-point Likert scale. The exploratory factor analysis is proposed to be performed using SPSS 24.0 and confirmatory factor analysis is suggested to be conducted using AMOS.21 software to explore the factors and reliability of the items and to confirm the factorial structure of pertinent variables, respectively. Furthermore, partial least square structural equation modeling is proposed to investigate relationships between constructs and latent variables.

Findings
The proposed framework suggests that the comprehensive adoption of CSR and GOC with the moderating role of ESG disclosure has a significant and positive impact on green innovation.

Practical implications
This study provides insights into formulating strategies for enhancing green innovation and serves as a valuable resource for stakeholders for sustainable development in manufacturing enterprises.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, regarding originality, this is the first attempt at conceptualizing the integrated framework of CSR, GOC, green innovation and ESG disclosure for collective examination that is likely to extend the existing literature. Furthermore, this study extends stakeholders and resource-based view theory by proving their utility in the perspective of CSR, GOC, green innovation and ESG disclosure to achieve environmental sustainability.
Unpolitical solutionism: Wealth elite sentiments against democracy and politics
Authors: Kuusela Hanna , Kantola Anu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe last few decades have been marked by discourses that challenge many basic presumptions supporting liberal democracy. Populist parties in particular have raised criticism against democratic systems, and authoritarian programmes have made electoral gains. This article offers the elite's perspective on this phenomenon, which is often discussed in the context of lower income groups. Drawing from qualitative interviews with 90 Finnish top earners, the article shows how wealth elites sustain strong discontent towards liberal democracy and see it as an ineffective and sometimes fundamentally flawed system. They are concerned with its alleged (in)efficiency and disagreements typical of democratic processes and are correspondingly fascinated by solutions that are presented as self‐evident but that no one has the courage to execute. In this article, we refer to this type of reasoning by introducing and developing the term unpolitical solutionism, which refers to a preoccupation with quick solutions to complex problems that are political in nature. The concept of unpolitical solutionism builds on discussions of unpolitical democracy (Urbinati) and technosolutionism (Morozov) and brings them to our dialog. By analysing wealth elites' views in a Nordic democracy and by developing the concept of unpolitical solutionism, this article contributes to recent discussions on different forms of unpolitical argumentation in the context of (liberal) economic thinking.
Plants affect the horizontal transmission of a new densovirus infecting the green peach aphid Myzus persicae by modulating honeydew production
Authors: Guo Ya , Zhao Yani , Yang Yang , Zhang Yahong , Li Yuying , Tian Honggang , Liu Tong‐Xian , Li Zhaofei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn a tritrophic context of plant–insect–entomopathogen, plants play important roles in modulating the interaction of insects and their pathogenic viruses. Currently, the influence of plants on the transmission of insect viruses has been mainly studied on baculoviruses and some RNA viruses, whereas the impact of plants on other insect viruses is largely unknown. Here, we identified a new densovirus infecting the green peach aphid Myzus persicae and tested whether and how host plants influence the transmission of the aphid densovirus. The complete single‐stranded DNA genome of the virus, M. persicae densovirus 2, is 5 727 nt and contains inverted terminal repeats. Transcription and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the virus was distinct from other a few identified aphid densoviruses. The virus abundance was detected highly in the intestinal tract of aphids, compared with the lower level of it in other tissues including head, embryo, and epidermis. Cabbage and pepper plants had no obvious effect on the vertical transmission and saliva‐mediated horizontal transmission of the virus. However, the honeydew‐mediated horizontal transmission among aphids highly depended on host plants (65% on cabbages versus 17% on peppers). Although the virus concentration in the honeydew produced by aphids between 2 plants was similar, the honeydew production of the infected aphids reared on peppers was dramatically reduced. Taken together, our results provide evidence that plants influence the horizontal transmission of a new densovirus in an aphid population by modulating honeydew secretion of aphids, suggesting plants may manipulate the spread of an aphid‐pathogenic densovirus in nature.
The appearance of cytoplasmic cytochrome C precedes apoptosis during Drosophila salivary gland degradation
Authors: Long Shihui , Cao Wenxin , Qiu Yongyu , Deng Ruohan , Liu Jiali , Zhang Lidan , Dong Renke , Liu Fengxin , Li Sheng , Zhao Haigang , Li Na , Li Kang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractApoptosis is an important process for organism development that functions to eliminate cell damage, maintain homeostasis, and remove obsolete tissues during morphogenesis. In mammals, apoptosis is accompanied by the release of cytochrome C (Cyt‐c) from mitochondria to the cytoplasm. However, whether this process is conserved in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, remains controversial. In this study, we discovered that during the degradation of Drosophila salivary gland, the transcription of mitochondria apoptosis factors (MAPFs), Cyt‐c, and death‐associated APAF1‐related killer (Dark) encoding genes are all upregulated antecedent to initiator and effector caspases encoding genes. The proteins Cyt‐c and the active caspase 3 appear gradually in the cytoplasm during salivary gland degradation. Meanwhile, the Cyt‐c protein colocates with mito‐GFP, the marker indicating cytoplasmic mitochondria, and the change in mitochondrial membrane potential coincides with the appearance of Cyt‐c in the cytoplasm. Moreover, impeding or promoting 20E‐induced transcription factor E93 suppresses or enhances the staining of Cyt‐c and the active caspase 3 in the cytoplasm of salivary gland, and accordingly decreases or increases the mitochondrial membrane potential, respectively. Our research provides evidence that cytoplasmic Cyt‐c appears before apoptosis during Drosophila salivary gland degradation, shedding light on partial conserved mechanism in apoptosis between insects and mammals.
How to overcome the cost of a criminal record for getting hired
Authors: Santos Mateus R. , Jaynes Chae M. , Thomas Danielle M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMany theories emphasize how employment is protective against criminal recidivism, yet a criminal record is a major barrier for getting hired. We asked 591 managers to make hypothetical hiring decisions between two applicants whose key difference was the presence or absence of a criminal conviction. In addition, we randomly manipulated the education, references, wage, or experience of the applicant with the criminal record to identify which manipulations can offset the cost of the record on an applicant's probability of being selected. We found that, when credentials were the same, the applicant with a criminal record was unlikely to be hired. That applicant, however, could become likely to be hired (i.e., the likelihood crossed 50 percent) by having at least 1 year of relevant experience, a GED or a college degree, or references from a former employer or a professor. Incomplete degrees, references from criminal justice professionals, or wage discounts did not make the applicant with the record likely to be hired. Findings confirm that a criminal record carries a high employability cost but also indicate that this cost can be superseded by specific credentials that signal an applicant's reliability, which can be provided by existing programs and institutions.
Contact toxicity of eucalyptol and RNA sequencing of Tribolium castaneum after exposure to eucalyptol
Authors: Gao Shanshan , Huo Zhuangkun , Guo Mengyi , Zhang Kunpeng , Zhang Yuanchen , Wang Xingyun , Li Ruimin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEucalyptol, the main active component of Artemisia vulgaris (A. vulgaris) essential oil, can reduce the activity of Tribolium castaneum (T. castaneum) metabolic detoxification enzymes. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the toxic effect of eucalyptol on T. castaneum is still unclear. Here, results showed that the eucalyptol caused time‐dependent increase in larval mortality. Further, 1669 differential expressed genes (DEGs) expressed between the control group and the experimental group were detected via RNA sequencing, of which 504 were upregulated and 1165 were downregulated. The validity of the RNA‐Seq results was verified by qRT‐PCR. Further, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases were used to analyze the DEGs, focusing on immune system process, response to stimulus, and developmental process in the GO analysis and on the excretory system and the metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides in the KEGG analysis. The results showed that the upregulation of Apolipoprotein D and the downregulation of V‐type proton ATPase subunits, farnesol dehydrogenase, receptor tyrosine‐protein phosphatase ε and α may affect the growth and metabolism of T. castaneum larvae. In the KEGG pathway analysis, we focused on the role of certain metabolic detoxification enzymes in the regulation of eucalyptol‐stimulated T. castaneum. Among them, the expression of metabolic detoxification enzymes OBP10, CYP4C1, CYP6BS1, CYP4g15, CYP301A1, CYP49A1, UGTs2C1, UGTs2B2, UGTs2B16, and Est FE4 was downregulated. The expression of OBPC01, OBPC09, OBPC12, OBPC02, OBPC11, CYP345B1, CYP346B1, Est E4, Est 6, and GST1 increased significantly. These metabolic detoxification enzymes were involved in the detoxification of eucalyptol by T. castaneum, and their downregulation or upregulation may indirectly affect insect survival and death. Our results provide an overview of transcriptomic changes in eucalyptol‐stimulated T. castaneum and enriches the candidate transcripts that can be exploited for pest control initiatives.
Automatic detection of migrating soaring bird flocks using weather radars by deep learning
Authors: Schekler Inbal , Nave Tamir , Shimshoni Ilan , Sapir Nir 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

The use of weather radars to detect and distinguish between different biological patterns greatly improves our understanding of aeroecology and its consequences for our lives. Importantly, it allows us to quantify passerine bird migration at different scales. Yet, no algorithm to detect soaring bird flocks in weather radar is available, precluding our ability to study this type of migration over large spatial scales.

We developed the first automatic algorithm for detecting the migration of flocks of soaring birds, an important bio‐flow phenomenon involving many millions of birds that travel across large spatial extents, with implications for risk of bird‐aircraft collisions. The algorithm was developed with a deep learning network for semantic segmentation using U‐Net architecture. We tested several models with different weather radar products and with image sequences for flock movement identification.

The best model includes the radial velocity product and a sequence of two previous images. It identifies 93% of soaring bird flocks that were tagged by a human on the radar image, with a false discovery of less than 20%.

Large birds such as those detected by the algorithm pose a serious risk for flight safety of civilian and military transportation and therefore the application of this algorithm can substantially reduce bird‐strikes, leading to reduced financial losses and threats to human lives. In addition, it can help overcome one of the main challenges in the study of bird migration by automatically and continuously detecting flocks of large birds over wide spatial scales without the need to equip the birds with tracking devices, unravelling the abundance, timing, spatial flyways, seasonal trends and influences of environmental conditions on the migration of bird flocks.
Labour marketisation level and corporate labour investment efficiency: Evidence from China
Authors: Yuan Zhizhu , Yang Ye , Liu Bai 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of labour marketisation level on corporate labour investment efficiency. Using a sample of Chinese listed firms, we provide evidence that higher labour marketisation level is associated with higher corporate labour investment efficiency. Firms with higher labour marketisation level reduce over‐investment and under‐investment in labour. In the cross‐sectional tests, we discover that this effect is more prominent for private enterprises and firms with stronger product market competition, more financing constraints, and higher labour adjustment costs. We eliminate the impact of other non‐labour investments and ensure that our results are not driven by these investments.
Comments of the AFAANZ Auditing and Assurance Standards Committee on the Proposed Standard on Assurance Engagements over GHG Emissions Disclosure
Authors: Hay David , Harding Noel , Gan Chris , Ge Irene , Ho Linh , Ranasinghe Dinithi , Singh Harj , Sultana Nigar , Zhou Shan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe New Zealand External Reporting Board (XRB) issued for public comment a standard on Assurance Engagements over GHG Emissions Disclosure. The Auditing and Assurance Standards Committee of AFAANZ prepared a submission, based on the findings reported in published research, responding to a number of the questions asked by the XRB. This technical note presents the formal submission made to the XRB.
Pocodisco: The sonic performativity of grief, grievance, and joy in diaspora
Authors: Kheshti Roshanak 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article examines the intersection between diasporic melancholia, dance, and world music. These phenomena coalesce at postcolonial discos, or public gatherings where political movement takes the form of dance, sound, and eros. I explore the network that connects various times and places to this fantastical dreamland of a sonic postcolonial future and the DJs and producers who keep those records spinning. Focusing especially on the queer and feminist nature of these spaces and sounds, I explore how these artists/activist/curators work outside of institutional contexts as public media archaeologists who excavate and re‐present sounds thought long lost to diasporic communities who occupy a precarious relationship to histories of belonging. These artists contribute to radical acts of space‐making that are not merely fleeting and ephemeral events but instead participate in a legacy of the postcolonial disco, or acts of place‐making with the potential for radical forms of diasporic and postcolonial belonging across space and time.
Deforestation
Authors: Caldwell Melissa L. 
Published: June 2023

SummaryThis piece is part of a special section of “hundreds” in honor of Kathleen Stewart. It considers the forest as a space of loss—the loss of intimacy, familiarity, friendship, and ethnographic certainty—as a casualty of the war on Ukraine waged by Russia, the country where the author has conducted fieldwork since the 1990s.
Exclusion of pregnant and lactating persons from breast cancer clinical trials: a review of active trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov
Authors: Metcalfe Amy , Stephenson Nikki , Cairncross Zoe F. , Scime Natalie V. , Fidler‐Benaoudia Miranda 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionTreatment of pregnancy‐associated breast cancer is complex, as providers try to balance risks to the pregnant person and the developing fetus. Given increased case fatality and increasing incidence, there is a pressing need understand the efficacy and safety of different treatment regimens in this population; however, pregnant and lactating people have traditionally been excluded from participating in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Given recent efforts to expand the inclusion criteria for oncology RCTs, this study aimed to review the inclusion/exclusion criteria of current breast cancer RCTs to assess what proportion of trials permitted enrollment of pregnant and lactating persons.Material and methodsWe conducted a comprehensive search of ClinicalTrials.gov in January 2022 to identify interventional studies of breast cancer in adults that were actively recruiting. The primary outcomes were the exclusion of pregnant and lactating people.ResultsThe search identified 1706 studies, of which 1451 met eligibility criteria. Overall, 69.4% and 54.8% of studies excluded pregnant and lactating people, respectively. The exclusion of pregnant and lactating persons differed by study characteristics but extended across all trial designs, locations, phases and interventions. Exclusion of pregnant and lactating persons was most common in trials where the intervention was biological (86.3%), drug (83.5%) or radiation (81.5%).ConclusionsThe exclusion of pregnant and lactating people from clinical trials contributes to evidence gaps in how to treat this population. A paradigm shift is needed that focuses on how research can be used to protect pregnant people from future harms, instead of protecting pregnant people from research‐related risks.
Meconium‐stained amniotic fluid and neonatal morbidity in nulliparous patients with prolonged pregnancy
Authors: Attali Isabelle , Korb Diane , Azria Elie , Lepercq Jacques , Goffinet François , Schmitz Thomas ,   for the Groupe de Recherche en Obstétrique et Gynécologie (GROG)
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionOur objective was to study the strength of the association between meconium‐stained amniotic fluid and severe morbidity among neonates of nulliparas with prolonged pregnancies.Material and methodsThis was a secondary analysis of the NOCETER randomized trial that took place between 2009 and 2012 in which 11 French maternity units included 1373 nulliparas at 41+0 weeks of gestation onwards with a single live fetus in cephalic presentation. This analysis excluded patients with a cesarean delivery before labor and those with bloody amniotic fluid or of unreported consistency. The principal end point was a composite criterion of severe neonatal morbidity (neonatal death, 5‐minute Apgar <7, convulsions in the first 24 h, meconium aspiration syndrome, mechanical ventilation ≥24 h, or neonatal intensive care unit admission for 5 days or more). The neonatal outcomes of pregnancies with thin or thick meconium‐stained amniotic fluid were compared with those with normal amniotic fluid. The association between the consistency of the amniotic fluid and neonatal morbidity was tested by univariate and then multivariate analysis adjusted for gestational age at birth, duration of labor, and country of birth.ResultsThis study included 1274 patients: 803 (63%) in the group with normal amniotic fluid, 196 (15.4%) in the thin amniotic fluid group, and 275 (21.6%) in the thick amniotic fluid group. The neonates of patients with thick amniotic fluid had higher rates of neonatal morbidity than those of patients with normal amniotic fluid (7.3% vs. 2.2%; p < 0.001; adjusted relative risk [aRR] 3.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7–6.3), but those of patients with thin amniotic fluid did not (3.1% vs. 2.2%; p = 0.50; aRR 1.0, 95% CI, 0.4–2.7).ConclusionsAmong nulliparas at 41+0 weeks onwards, only thick meconium‐stained amniotic fluid is associated with a higher rate of severe neonatal morbidity.