bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Release of nanodiscs from charged nano-droplets in the electrospray ionization revealed by molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Wang Beibei , Tieleman D. Peter 
Published: January 2023

AbstractElectrospray ionization (ESI) is essential for application of mass spectrometry in biological systems, as it prevents the analyte being split into fragments. However, due to lack of a clear understanding of the mechanism of ESI, the interpretation of mass spectra is often ambiguous. This is a particular challenge for complex biological systems. Here, we focus on systems that include nanodiscs as membrane environment, which are essential for membrane proteins. We performed microsecond atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to study the release of nanodiscs from highly charged nano-droplets into the gas phase, the late stage of ESI. We observed two distinct major scenarios, highlighting the diversity of morphologies of gaseous product ions. Our simulations are in reasonable agreement with experimental results. Our work provides a detailed atomistic view of the ESI process of a heterogeneous system (lipid nanodisc), which may give insights into the interpretation of mass spectra of all lipid-protein systems.
A newly identified galaxy group thanks to tidal streams of intragroup light
Authors: Girardi M. , Zarattini S. , Boschin W. , Nonino M. , Bartalucci I. , Mercurio A. , Nocerino N. , Rosati P. 
Published: January 2023

Context. In the accretion-driven growth scenario, part of the intracluster light is formed in the group environment.
Aims. We report the serendipitous discovery of a group of galaxies with signs of diffuse light in the foreground of the known galaxy cluster MACS J0329−0211 at z ∼ 0.45.
Methods. Our investigation began with the detection of diffuse light streams around a pair of bright galaxies in the southeastern region of a Suprime-Cam image of the galaxy cluster MACS J0329-0211. Our analysis is based on the extended CLASH-VLT redshift catalog and on new spectroscopic data obtained ad hoc with the Italian Telescopio Nazionale Galileo. We use the density reconstruction method to analyze the redshift distribution of the galaxies in the region around the galaxy pair. We also use available photometric and X-ray data to better characterize the properties of the group.
Results. Thanks to the large amount of redshift data collected in this region, we have been able to discover the existence of a group of galaxies, here called GrG J0330−0218, which is associated with the pair of galaxies. These are the two brightest group galaxies (BGG1 and BGG2). We extracted 41 group members from the redshift catalog and estimate a mean redshift z = 0.1537 and a line-of-sight velocity dispersion σv ∼ 370 km s−1. In the phase-space diagram, the distribution of the galaxies of GrG J0330-0218 follows the characteristic trumpet-shaped pattern, which is related to the escape velocity of galaxy clusters, suggesting that the group is a virialized structure. Under this assumption, the mass of the group is M200 ∼ 6 × 1013 M⊙. We also measured a mass-to-light ratio of ∼130 M⊙/L⊙ and a luminosity fraction of diffuse light of ∼20% within 0.5 R200.
Conclusions. We conjecture that galaxy pairs that are surrounded by diffuse light, probably due to tidal interactions, can serve as signposts for groups.
Calculation of capacity of spillway № 2 Boguchanskoye HPP with free water overflow
Authors: Guryev Alim , Khanov Nartmir , Mareeva Olga , Zborovskaya Marina , Verkhoglyadova Aleksandra 
Published: January 2023

The article considers a variant with the operation of spillway No. 2 of the Boguchanskaya HPP as the main spillway structure for the period of temporary operation of the hydroelectric complex. In the process of developing options for skipping construction costs, a calculation was made of the throughput with a free overflow through a flat threshold at the level of 167.0m at the FSL=175m and forcing the UVB to the level of 185.0 m with the damping of the flow energy in the water well.
The task of the calculations is to obtain the discharge characteristics of the considered spillway option with the calculated flood hydrograph with a probability of 0.2%. At the same time, based on the throughput capacity of the spillway No. 1, the dependence of the turbine flow rate and the water depth in the downstream, as well as the transformation of the flood of a given probability, the estimated flow rate is 5500 m3/s, the maximum head H=18 m (determining) at a minimum threshold level of 167.0 m. Weir refers to weirs with a wide threshold.
The throughput capacity of the spillway No. 2, operating in the free overflow mode, was determined. The change in the lateral compression coefficient depending on the head for the middle and outer working spans is considered. The outlines of free-falling jets behind the culverts operating in the free overflow mode are obtained, which makes it possible to refine the outlines of the side walls of the spillway.
Basal Ganglia Stroke after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Mineralizing Lenticulostriate Vasculopathy
Authors: Yanes Federico Baltar , Birriel Florencia , Rabelino Gabriel González 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAlthough the association between basal ganglia (BG) stroke and mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) is well recognized, its association with lenticulostriate vasculopathy has only recently been described. We present the case of a 6-month-old female infant without personal or familiar relevant records who presented with left-sided hemiparesis and without altered consciousness after a mild TBI. An emergency computed tomography (CT) scan of the brain revealed bilateral linear calcifications along the course of the lenticulostriate arteries. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an ischemic lesion in the right BG and damage to the posterior limb of the right internal capsule. A few months after the ischemic event, the patient was asymptomatic. Given the clinical, radiological, and evolutionary characteristics of this group of patients, the term mineralizing angiopathy is proposed to define a specific clinical-imaging syndrome in infants who suffer a BG stroke after a mild TBI and present with the calcification of the lenticulostriate arteries.
Cyclic stretch promotes vascular homing of endothelial progenitor cells via Acsl1 regulation of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation
Authors: Han Yue , Yan Jing , Li Zhi-Yin , Fan Yang-Jing , Jiang Zong-Lai , Shyy John Y.-J. , Chien Shu 
Published: January 2023

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play an important role in vascular repair and re-endothelialization after vessel injury. EPCs in blood vessels are subjected to cyclic stretch (CS) due to the pulsatile pressure, but the role of CS in metabolic reprogramming of EPC, particularly its vascular homing and repair, is largely unknown. In the current study, physiological CS applied to EPCs at a magnitude of 10% and a frequency of 1 Hz significantly promoted their vascular adhesion and endothelial differentiation. CS enhanced mitochondrial elongation and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), as well as adenosine triphosphate production. Metabolomic study and Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry assay revealed that CS significantly decreased the content of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) and markedly induced long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (Acsl1), which in turn facilitated the catabolism of LCFAs in mitochondria via fatty acid β-oxidation and OXPHOS. In a rat carotid artery injury model, transplantation of EPCs overexpressing Acsl1 enhanced the adhesion and re-endothelialization of EPCs in vivo. MRI and vascular morphology staining showed that Acsl1 overexpression in EPCs improved vascular repair and inhibited vascular stenosis. This study reveals a mechanotransduction mechanism by which physiological CS enhances endothelial repair via EPC patency.
The role of metonymy in naming
Authors: Kos Petr 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The article deals with the role of metonymy in word-formation, specifically in naming extra-linguistic concepts. Its role is approached from an onomasiological perspective, i.e., the starting point in the analysis is the concept to be named. Within this approach, metonymy is seen as a cognitive process (in the dynamic sense) that is inherent in the act of coining any naming unit irrespective of its resulting form, as metonymy provides the perspective from which the concept is mentally accessed, and the morphological form is an outcome of the subsequent matching of the result of conceptualisation with a suitable constructional schema. This understanding of metonymy, however, does not lead to an unrestricted application of the term. The article suggests that if a consistent view of metonymy in coining words is applied, any formal restrictions on its use turn out to be irrelevant.
Room temperature d
0 ferromagnetism in carbon doped LaH3: insights from density functional theory simulations
Authors: Sharma Poonam , Shukla Alok , Chakraborty Brahmananda 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Employing the state-of-the-art density functional theory with both generalized gradient approximation and the hybrid HSE06 functional, along with the incorporation of spin–orbit coupling, we have engineered stable room temperature ferromagnetism (FM) (RTF) in nonmagnetic LaH3 through C substitution at octahedral and tetrahedral H sites where the induced magnetic moment is mostly contributed by the 2p orbital of the C atom. It is interesting that the magnetic signature is switched on with an impurity concentration as low as 1.04 at% with a magnetic moment of ∼1.0 µ
B per impurity, where the localized behavior of the 2p states of C, along with significant exchange splitting energy, can be attributed as the origin of the induced magnetic moment. The verification of the Stoner criterion in the material further confirmed the onset of FM in the system, and the computed Curie temperature is found to be well above room temperature. Reduced formation energy and the requirement of lower impurity concentration ensure practical feasibility towards a spintronic device where RTF is established from the nonmagnetic host and the dopant.
The evolution of Physics textbooks used in Ireland 1860–2022
Authors: Keenahan Jennifer , Carroll Marian , Keenahan David 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper focuses on the evolution of Physics textbooks used in Ireland from 1860 to 2022, in addition to the Irish influence on early Physics textbooks in the latter part of the 19th century. Both Physics and Physics education are continually evolving and so textbooks change in response to that and to the changing priorities of educators. Physics is both experimental and theoretical and the presentation of it has always been multimodal. Physics textbooks tend to include diagrams, demonstrations, experiments, the use of mathematics and derivations, historical references to people, and applications of Physics, among other features. Our research looks at these various characteristics to discern what has changed and what has not, over the course of time. Twenty-eight textbooks were examined in the course of this study. A Physics concept (refraction) and a Physics instrument (electroscope) were chosen for special attention, so that the findings would be firmly rooted in how Physics has been represented in textbooks rather than general textbook publishing trends. A specific analysis of four textbooks by the same two authors across three syllabi is also presented. Our findings show that a great deal has changed in the realm of Physics textbooks, and given that this is the case, it is remarkable how many things changed very little in 162 years.
Auto-commissioning of a Monte Carlo electron beam model with application to photon MLC shaped electron fields
Authors: Fix M K , Frei D , Mueller S , Guyer G , Loebner H A , Volken W , Manser P 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective. Presently electron beam treatments are delivered using dedicated applicators. An alternative is the usage of the already installed photon multileaf collimator (pMLC) enabling efficient electron treatments. Currently, the commissioning of beam models is a manual and time-consuming process. In this work an auto-commissioning procedure for the Monte Carlo (MC) beam model part representing the beam above the pMLC is developed for TrueBeam systems with electron energies from 6 to 22 MeV. Approach. The analytical part of the electron beam model includes a main source representing the primary beam and a jaw source representing the head scatter contribution each consisting of an electron and a photon component, while MC radiation transport is performed for the pMLC. The auto-commissioning of this analytical part relies on information pre-determined from MC simulations, in-air dose profiles and absolute dose measurements in water for different field sizes and source to surface distances (SSDs). For validation calculated and measured dose distributions in water were compared for different field sizes, SSDs and beam energies for eight TrueBeam systems. Furthermore, a sternum case in an anthropomorphic phantom was considered and calculated and measured dose distributions were compared at different SSDs. Main results. Instead of the manual commissioning taking up to several days of calculation time and several hours of user time, the auto-commissioning is carried out in a few minutes. Measured and calculated dose distributions agree generally within 3% of maximum dose or 2 mm. The gamma passing rates for the sternum case ranged from 96% to 99% (3% (global)/2 mm criteria, 10% threshold). Significance. The auto-commissioning procedure was successfully implemented and applied to eight TrueBeam systems. The newly developed user-friendly auto-commissioning procedure allows an efficient commissioning of an MC electron beam model and eases the usage of advanced electron radiotherapy utilizing the pMLC for beam shaping.
Structural health dynamic monitoring for gear transmission based on guided waves
Authors: Chai Yuan , Wang Yihan , Liu Qijian , Qing Xinlin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The rotating machinery has a wide range of applications in many fields. The gear transmission system is one of the key structures of rotating machinery. Once the failure occurs to the gear system, it will destroy the equipment itself and lead the whole industrial production to break. Thus, it is necessary to directly monitor the health condition of the gear system under static and running working conditions. Guided waves method is a technology which has been widely used in the field of structural health monitoring. In this paper, guided waves technology is innovatively applied to the condition monitoring of gear system, which realizes the gear structure direct monitoring for low speed rotating machinery. The piezoelectric transducers integrated with the SMART Layer were placed near the gear mesh region for the direct health monitoring. The feasibility was verified by the guided waves monitoring experiments in a fixed-axis spur gear transmission system. The tooth wear and gear crack were monitored by guided waves under a single working condition. In addition, the stability verification experiment of guided waves was also performed under various low-speed working conditions. To characterize the propagation of gear faults, considering the characteristics of guided waves, a modified health indicator extraction methodology is proposed based on permutation entropy. The results indicated that the guided waves technology has fantastic potential applications in gear transmission system dynamic direct health monitoring.
Effect of ultraviolet post-curing, laser power, and layer thickness on the mechanical properties of acrylate used in stereolithography 3D printing
Authors: Zeng Yu-Shan , Hsueh Ming-Hsien , Hsiao Te-Ching 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has developed rapidly in the past few years. This technology is widely used in houses, workpieces, artworks, organs, and even the food industry. Among the multiple 3D printing methods, the stereolithography appearance (SLA) technique is well known for its high printing speed and considerable accuracy. In this research, the optimization parameters of the laser curing technology were applied by changing laser power and molding thickness. The mechanical properties were tested using a tensile test and a compression test of photosensitive resin materials after ultraviolet (UV) curing. The experimental results revealed that increasing the laser power or reducing the molding thickness increased the ultimate tensile strength, tensile Young’s modulus, and compressive strength of the material. However, when the stretch was decreased after UV curing, the strength of the material effectively improved, but the toughness of the material decreased. The abovementioned experimental results will be helpful to researchers for further studies on SLA.
Investigating defects in InGaN based optoelectronics: from material and device perspective
Authors: Nag Dhiman , Bhunia Swagata , Sarkar Ritam , Chatterjee Soumyadip , Laha Apurba 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
III-nitride optoelectronics have revolutionized solid-state lighting technology. However, non-radiative defects play a major bottleneck in determining the performance of InGaN-based optoelectronics devices. It becomes especially challenging when high indium is required to be incorporated to obtain emission at higher wavelength (>500 nm). In this research article, we are going to discuss our investigation on the origin of defects in InGaN-based optoelectronics devices from the material and device perspective and characterize them through various techniques. This article broadly consists of two parts. In the first part, we investigate defects in InGaN based optoelectronics from a material point of view. Here, we discuss the challenges in the growth of InGaN planar (2-dimensional) and nanowires (1-dimensional) with high indium (≥20%) incorporation using the plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PA-MBE) technique. Photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) has been performed to characterize these grown samples to assess their optical quality. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been employed to characterize the surface morphology of grown InGaN layers. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and scanning electron microcopy (SEM) are also used to characterize InGaN planar and nanowire samples grown under various process conditions. In the second part, we investigate the role of defects on InGaN optoelectronics from a device point of view. Here, we discuss the fabrication of InGaN multi-quantum well-based light emitting diodes (LEDs). Temperature-dependent current versus voltage measurements are carried out to investigate the role of defects on carrier dynamics under forward and reverse bias conditions. Frequency-dependent capacitance versus voltage (CV) and conductance versus voltage (GV) techniques are employed extensively to characterize defects in fabricated InGaN LEDs.
Classification of breast microcalcifications with GaAs photon-counting spectral mammography using an inverse problem approach
Authors: Ghammraoui Bahaa , Bader Shahed , Thuering Thomas , Glick Stephen J 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of a Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) photon-counting spectral mammography system to differentiate between Type I and Type II calcifications. Type I calcifications, consisting of calcium oxalate dihydrate (CO) or weddellite compounds are more often associated with benign lesions in the breast, and Type II calcifications containing hydroxyapatite (HA) are associated with both benign and malignant lesions in the breast. To be able to differentiate between these two calcification types, it is necessary to be able to estimate the full spectrum of the x-ray beam transmitted through the breast. We propose a novel method for estimating the energy-dependent x-ray transmission fraction of a beam using a photon counting detector with a limited number of energy bins. Using the estimated x-ray transmission through microcalcifications, it was observed that calcification type can be accurately estimated with machine learning. The study was carried out on a custom-built laboratory benchtop system using the SANTIS 0804 GaAs detector prototype system from DECTRIS Ltd with two energy thresholds enabled. Four energy thresholds detector was simulated by taking two separate acquisitions in which two energy thresholds were enabled for each acquisition and set at (12 keV, 21 keV) and then (29 keV, 36 keV). Measurements were performed using BR3D (CIRS, Norfolk, VA) breast imaging phantoms mimicking 100% adipose and 100% glandular tissues swirled together in an approximate 50/50 ratio by weight with the addition of in-house-developed synthetic microcalcifications. First, an inverse problem-based approach was used to estimate the full energy x-ray transmission fraction factor using known basis transmission factors from varying thicknesses of aluminum and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Second, the classification of Type I and Type II calcifications was performed using the estimated energy-dependent transmission fraction factors for the pixels containing calcifications. The results were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and demonstrated good discrimination performance with the area under the ROC curve greater than 84%. They indicated that GaAs photon-counting spectral mammography has potential use as a non-invasive method for discrimination between Type I and Type II calcifications. Results from this study suggested that GaAs-based spectral mammography could serve as a non-invasive measure for ruling out malignancy of calcifications found in the breast. Additional studies in more clinically realistic conditions involving breast tissues samples with smaller microcalcification specks should be performed to further explore the feasibility of this approach.
Hybrid and heterogeneous photonic integrated near-infrared InGaAs/InAlAs single-photon avalanche diode
Authors: Zhang Jishen , Xu Haiwen , Zhang Gong , Chen Yue , Wang Haibo , Tan Kian Hua , Wicaksono Satrio , Sun Chen , Kong Qiwen , Wang Chao , Ci Wen Lim Charles , Yoon Soon-Fatt , Gong Xiao 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We have demonstrated the integrated indium gallium arsenide/indium aluminum arsenide (InGaAs/InAlAs) single-photon avalanche diodes (SPAD) with silicon (Si) waveguides and grating couplers on the Silicon-on-insulator substrate. A vertical coupling scheme is adopted which allows the use of a thick bonding interlayer for high yield. The epoxy ‘SU-8’ is selected to be the adhesion layer with a low transmission loss, low volumetric shrinkage, and low curing temperature. In addition, both hybrid and heterogeneous integration schemes are realized which are compatible with the current multi-project wafer process. Extensive performance characterization is carried out while the results are compared. Our hybrid integrated SPAD exhibits high photon detection efficiency (PDE) of ∼21% and a relatively low dark count rate (DCR) of 8.6 × 105 Hz, which are among the best performance reported for InGaAs/InAlAs SPADs while the heterogeneous integrated SPAD shows a decent PDE of 6% with a DCR of 2 × 107 Hz. Combined with the inherent wide applicability of the bonding using the SU-8 layer, this photonic integration provides a promising solution for large-scale quantum information with various material systems.