bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polygenic scores for autism are associated with reduced neurite density in adults and children from the general population
Authors: Gu Yuanjun , Maria-Stauffer Eva , Bedford Saashi A. ,   APEX consortium, Adhya Deep , Allison Carrie , Ayeung Bonnie , Bamford Rosie , Bethlehem Richard , Biron-Shental Tal , Burton Graham , Davies Jonathan , Davis Joanna , Floris Dori , Franklin Alice , Gabis Lidia , Geschwind Daniel , Greenberg David M. , Havdahl Alexandra , Heazell Alexander , Holt Rosemary , Hurles Matthew , Khan Yumnah , Lai Meng-Chuan , Lancaster Madeline , Lombardo Michael , Martinez Jose Gonzalez , Mill Jonathan , Musa Mahmoud Koko , Niakan Kathy , Pavlinek Adam , Polit Lucia Dutan , Radecki Marcin , Rowitch David , Sichlinger Laura , Srivastava Deepak , Tsompanidis Alexandros , Uzefovsky Florina , Weir Elizabeth , Zhang Xinhe ,   iPSYCH-autism consortium, Borglum Anders , Bybjerg-Grauholm Jonas , Hougaard David M. , Mors Ole , Mortensen Preben Bo , Nordentoft Merete , Werge Thomas , Romero-Garcia Rafael , Grove Jakob , Børglum Anders D. , Martin Hilary , Baron-Cohen Simon , Bethlehem Richard A. I. , Warrier Varun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Genetic variants linked to autism are thought to change cognition and behaviour by altering the structure and function of the brain. Although a substantial body of literature has identified structural brain differences in autism, it is unknown whether autism-associated common genetic variants are linked to changes in cortical macro- and micro-structure. We investigated this using neuroimaging and genetic data from adults (UK Biobank, N = 31,748) and children (ABCD, N = 4928). Using polygenic scores and genetic correlations we observe a robust negative association between common variants for autism and a magnetic resonance imaging derived phenotype for neurite density (intracellular volume fraction) in the general population. This result is consistent across both children and adults, in both the cortex and in white matter tracts, and confirmed using polygenic scores and genetic correlations. There were no sex differences in this association. Mendelian randomisation analyses provide no evidence for a causal relationship between autism and intracellular volume fraction, although this should be revisited using better powered instruments. Overall, this study provides evidence for shared common variant genetics between autism and cortical neurite density.
Tripartite motif-containing protein 26 promotes colorectal cancer growth by inactivating p53
Authors: Tan Zhihui , Ko Hyun Min , Naji Parnian , Zhu Rong , Wang Jieqiong , Huang Shibo , Zhang Yiwei , Zeng Shelya X. , Lu Hua 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Tripartite motif-containing protein 26 (TRIM26) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that exhibits divergent roles in various cancer types (oncogenic and anti-oncogenic). This study investigates the interaction of TRIM26 with the tumor suppressor protein p53 in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells by performing a comprehensive set of biochemical, cell-based assays, and xenograft experiments. As a result, we found that overexpression of TRIM26 significantly enhances CRC cell proliferation and colony formation, while knockdown of TRIM26 suppresses these processes. Xenograft experiments further validated the tumor-promoting role of TRIM26 in CRC. Supporting this is that TRIM26 is highly expressed in human CRC tissues as revealed by our analysis of the TCGA database. Biochemically, TRIM26 directly bound to the C-terminus of p53 and facilitated its ubiquitination, resulting in proteolytic degradation and attenuated p53 activity independently of MDM2. Also, TRIM26 increased the MDM2-mediated ubiquitination of p53 by binding to MDM2’s C-terminus. This study uncovers the oncogenic potential of TRIM26 in CRC by inhibiting p53 function. Through its ubiquitin ligase activity, TRIM26 destabilizes p53, consequently promoting CRC cell proliferation and tumor growth. These findings shed light on the complex involvement of TRIM26 in cancer and identify this ubiquitin ligase as a potential therapeutic target for future development of CRC treatment.
Context-dependent change in the fitness effect of (in)organic phosphate antiporter glpT during Salmonella Typhimurium infection
Authors: Santamaria de Souza Noemi , Cherrak Yassine , Andersen Thea Bill , Vetsch Michel , Barthel Manja , Kroon Sanne , Bakkeren Erik , Schubert Christopher , Christen Philipp , Kiefer Patrick , Vorholt Julia A. , Nguyen Bidong D. , Hardt Wolf-Dietrich 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Salmonella enterica is a frequent cause of foodborne diseases, which is attributed to its adaptability. Even within a single host, expressing a gene can be beneficial in certain infection stages but neutral or even detrimental in others as previously shown for flagellins. Mutants deficient for the conserved glycerol-3-phosphate and phosphate antiporter glpT have been shown to be positively selected in nature, clinical, and laboratory settings. This suggests that different selective pressures select for the presence or absence of GlpT in a context dependent fashion, a phenomenon known as antagonistic pleiotropy. Using mutant libraries and reporters, we investigated the fitness of glpT-deficient mutants during murine orogastric infection. While glpT-deficient mutants thrive during initial growth in the gut lumen, where GlpT’s capacity to import phosphate is disadvantageous, they are counter-selected by macrophages. The dichotomy showcases the need to study the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of enteric pathogens’ fitness across distinct lifestyles and niches. Insights into the differential adaptation during infection may reveal opportunities for therapeutic interventions.
Cecelia: a multifunctional image analysis toolbox for decoding spatial cellular interactions and behaviour
Authors: Schienstock Dominik , Hor Jyh Liang , Devi Sapna , Mueller Scott N. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
With the ever-increasing complexity of microscopy modalities, it is imperative to have computational workflows that enable researchers to process and perform in-depth quantitative analysis of the resulting images. However, workflows that allow flexible, interactive and intuitive analysis from raw images to analysed data are lacking for many experimental use-cases. Notably, integrated software solutions for analysis of complex 3D and live cell images are sorely needed. To address this, we present Cecelia, a toolbox that integrates various open-source packages into a coherent data management suite to make quantitative multidimensional image analysis accessible for non-specialists. We describe the application of Cecelia to several immunologically relevant scenarios and the development of an unbiased approach to distinguish dynamic cell behaviours from live imaging data. Cecelia is available as a software package with a Shiny app interface (https://github.com/schienstockd/cecelia). We envision that this framework and its approaches will be of broad use for biological researchers.
Glutathione triggers leaf-to-leaf, calcium-based plant defense signaling
Authors: Li Rui , Yang Yongfang , Lou Hao , Wang Weicheng , Du Ran , Chen Haidong , Du Xiaoxi , Hu Shuai , Wang Guo-Liang , Yan Jianbin , Shan Xiaoyi , Xie Daoxin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Animals rely on nervous systems to cope with environmental variability, whereas plants are characterized by lack of nervous system but still have evolved systemic communication systems through signaling molecules that trigger long-distance defense signaling events when encountered with environmental challenges. Here, our genetic screening of the previously constructed hairpin RNA-based Arabidopsis library identifies a glutathione (GSH)-deficient mutant that has high accumulation of glutamate (Glu), a previously defined wound signal essential for activating plant defense, but disharmoniously exhibits attenuation of defense signaling events. We further uncover GSH as a critical signaling molecule that relies on GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR-LIKE 3.3 (GLR3.3) to trigger long-distance calcium-based defense signaling events in plants. Our findings offer new insights into highly sophisticated systemic defense systems evolved by plants to defend against herbivory and pathogen invasion.
Pan-cancer analysis reveals SMARCAL1 expression is associated with immune cell infiltration and poor prognosis in various cancers
Authors: Zhao Wu-jie , Wang Meng-lei , Zhao Yun-fang , Zhao Wen-peng , Huang Qiong-hui , Lu Zhen-wei , Jia Fang , Shi Jin-jin , Liu Bo-sen , Han Wan-hong , Lu Han-wen , Zhang Bing-chang , Wang Zhan-xiang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Although immune checkpoint inhibition in particular has shown promise in cancer immunotherapy, it is not always efficient. Recent studies suggest that SMARCAL1 may play a role in tumor immune evasion, yet its pan-cancer role is unclear. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of SMARCAL1 using TCGA, GTEx, and CCLE databases, evaluating its expression, genetic alterations, epigenetic modifications, and their clinical correlations across 33 cancer types. Our findings indicate that SMARCAL1 is overexpressed in several cancers, such as Glioma, LUAD, KIRC, and LIHC, impacting prognosis. Elevated SMARCAL1 is linked to poor outcomes in Glioma, LUAD, and LIHC but correlates with better survival in KIRC. We also found significant associations between SMARCAL1 expression and DNA methylation in 13 cancers. Furthermore, SMARCAL1 expression correlates with immune infiltration, suggesting it as a potential therapeutic target in cancer immunotherapy. This study underscores the need for further research on SMARCAL1 to enhance immunotherapeutic strategies.
Construction organoid model of ovarian endometriosis and the function of estrogen and progesterone in the model
Authors: Zhang Ruiqi , Yang Yu’e , Li Ruyue , Ma Yuan , Ma Shaohan , Chen Xiuxin , Li Bowei , Li Bei , Qi XinYi , Ha Chunfang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Endometriosis is a refractory estrogen-dependent gynecological disease in which ovarian endometriosis(OE) is the most common, and the main cell components are endometrial epithelial cells and stromal cells. However, constructing ectopic endometrial epithelial cell models in basic studies is still challenging. In this study, we explored the feasibility and influencing factors of constructing and validating eutopic and ectopic endometrial organoid models of OE as in-vitro models. Eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissues of OE patients were selected to establish organoids. Morphologically, the organoids showed a three-dimensional glandular structure with vacuoles or cystic irregularities, and the histological features of the epithelial organoids in endometriosis were well preserved. Immunofluorescence showed positive expression of epithelial markers and estrogen/progesterone receptors. Genetic identification revealed a 100% match between endometriosis epithelial organoids and endometrial tissue, indicating a common origin. The effects of estrogen and progesterone on the proliferation and secretion of organoids differed with the change in concentration. The successful construction of ectopic endometrial organoids provides a new in vitro model for drug intervention and mechanism study of ovarian endometriosis.
Bioprinting of mesenchymal stem cells in low concentration gelatin methacryloyl/alginate blends without ionic crosslinking of alginate
Authors: Jahani Kadousaraei Masoumeh , Yamada Shuntaro , Aydin Mehmet Serhat , Rashad Ahmad , Cabeza Noemi Molina , Mohamed-Ahmed Samih , Gjerde Cecilie G. , Malkoch Michael , Mustafa Kamal 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Bioprinting allows for the fabrication of tissue-like constructs by precise architecture and positioning of the bioactive hydrogels with living cells. This study was performed to determine the effect of very low concentrations of alginate (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5% w/v) on bioprinting of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) in gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA; 5% w/v)/alginate blend. Furthermore, while GelMA was photocrosslinked in all bioprinted constructs, the effect of crosslinking alginate with calcium chloride on the physical and biological characteristics of the constructs was investigated. The inclusion of low-concentration alginate improved the viscosity and printability of the formulation as well as the compressive modulus of the hydrogels, particularly when ionically crosslinked with calcium chloride, compared with the group in that alginate was not crosslinked. However, the stability and degradability of 3D printed scaffolds that were only photocrosslinked were comparable to those that were additionally crosslinked with calcium chloride. Noteworthily, ionic crosslinking of alginate deteriorated the viability of BMSC. Morphology and growth of BMSC were improved by adding a low alginate concentration; however, ionic crosslinking of alginate affected these factors adversely. The findings of this study underscore the significance of carefully evaluating the crosslinking strategy used in conjunction with cell-laden GelMA/alginate hydrogel to achieve balanced physical and biological properties as well as less complicated post-bioprinting processing.
Filling the climate finance gap: holistic approaches to mobilise private finance in developing economies
Authors: Kerr Suzi , Hu Xian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Transitioning to a low-carbon economy requires over $8.4 trillion annually for the rest of this decade, but current efforts are insufficient, especially in emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs). Using a theoretical model of the climate finance gap, we identify key factors needed to close this gap and examine how adjustments in carbon pricing could effectively mobilise the required investment. Our findings highlight the importance of strengthening two core elements: (1) Reframing ‘international carbon markets’ to focus on supporting comprehensive, equitable transitions in EMDEs and fostering large-scale systemic cooperation, and delivering real mitigation impacts. (2) Implementing holistic transition plans and cohesive packages of public, private, and market support to create economic, social, and political environments that enable credible and effective policy implementation, while providing the critical technology and skilled labour needed to make private financial flows more responsive to carbon price signals.
Pathogenesis and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 D614G, Alpha, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron variants in golden hamsters
Authors: Banete Andra , Griffin Bryan D. , Corredor Juan C. , Chien Emily , Yip Lily , Gunawardena Tarini N. A. , Nirmalarajah Kuganya , Liang Jady , Lee Yaejin , Leacy Alexander , Pagliarani Sara , de Borja Richard , Yim Winfield , Lee Hunsang , Onodera Yu , Aftanas Patryk , Budylowski Patrick , Ahn Sang Kyun , Pei Yanlong , Ouyang Hong , Kent Laura , Li Xinliu Angel , Ostrowski Mario A. , Kozak Robert A. , Wootton Sarah K. , Christie-Holmes Natasha , Gray-Owen Scott D. , Taipale Mikko , Simpson Jared T. , Maguire Finlay , McGeer Allison J. , Zhang Haibo , Susta Leonardo , Moraes Theo J. , Mubareka Samira 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in humans, novel variants have evolved to become dominant circulating lineages. These include D614G (B.1 lineage), Alpha (B.1.1.7), Gamma (P.1), Delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron BA.1 (B.1.1.529) and BA.2 (B.1.1.529.2) viruses. Here, we compared the viral replication, pathogenesis, and transmissibility of these variants. Replication kinetics and innate immune response against the viruses were tested in ex vivo human nasal epithelial cells (HNEC) and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived lung organoids (IPSC-LOs), and the golden hamster model was employed to test pathogenicity and potential for transmission by the respiratory route. Delta, BA.1, and BA.2 viruses replicated more efficiently, and outcompeted D614G, Alpha, and Gamma viruses in an HNEC competition assay. BA.1 and BA.2 viruses, however, replicated poorly in IPSC-LOs compared to other variants. Moreover, BA.2 virus infection significantly increased secretion of IFN-λ1, IFN-λ2, IFN-λ3, IL-6, and IL-1RA in HNECs relative to D614G infection, but not in IPSC-LOs. The BA.1 and BA.2 viruses replicated less effectively in hamster lungs compared to the other variants; and while the Gamma virus reached titers comparable to D614G and Delta viruses, it caused greater lung pathology. Lastly, the Gamma and Delta variants transmitted more efficiently by the respiratory route compared to the other viruses, while BA.1 and BA.2 viruses transmitted less efficiently. These findings demonstrate the ongoing utility of experimental risk assessment as SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to evolve.
Leistung des ADHEAR bei maximaler Schallleitungsschwerhörigkeit aufgrund von Otosklerose
Authors: Brill Ioana , Brill Stefan Michael , Dazert Stefan , Völter Christiane , Stark Thomas 
Published: February 2025

ZusammenfassungDas ADHEAR zählt zu den nichtinvasiven, passiven Knochenleitungshörgeräten. Es hat den Vorteil, dass es keinen Anpressdruck zum Tragen benötigt. Patienten mit Otosklerose und Stapesankylose mit normalem Innenohr bilden eine audiologisch homogene Gruppe, für die der Nutzen des ADHEAR evaluiert wurde.31 Probanden mit maximaler Schallleitungsschwerhörigkeit wurden präoperativ mit und ohne ADHEAR ton- und sprachaudiometrisch mit dem Freiburger Zahlen- und Einsilbertest getestet. Die Hörleistung wurde bei 4 Angebotsschallpegeln (35, 50, 65 und 80dB) evaluiert. Intraoperativ bestätigte sich die Verdachtsdiagnose Otosklerose bei 28 Patienten.Durch das ADHEAR verbesserte sich der PTA4 (Mittelwert 500Hz, 1, 2 und 4kHz) der Freifeld-Hörschwelle der Patienten mit Otosklerose um 8,1 (±7,14) dB. Das Zahlenverstehen ohne bzw. mit ADHEAR bei 65dB betrug 69,6% bzw. 87,3% (p=0,002). Das Einsilberverstehen ohne bzw. mit ADHEAR bei 65dB betrug 37,9% bzw. 61,2% (p=0,00008).ADHEAR verbesserte in den meisten Testsituationen bei den Otosklerosepatienten die Sprachverständlichkeit signifikant. Aufgrund seiner Größe bei den mittleren, für die Alltagssituation repräsentativen Angebotsschallpegeln 50 und 65dB erscheint der Gewinn klinisch relevant. Bei sehr schwierigen und sehr leichten Bedingungen traten Sättigungseffekte auf. Das ADHEAR stellt somit eine gute Versorgungsoption mindestens für die temporäre Anwendung dar.
Utilization of Artificial Dura for Anterior Skull Base Reconstruction Following Transcranial Resection of Benign Cranionasal Communicating Tumors: Technical Note
Authors: He Junhua , Wang Bo , Wang Xingchao , Li Peng , Liuge Mingtian , Bie Zhixu , Yin Jie , Bi Zhiyong , Liu Pinan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to introduce a watertight duraplasty with artificial dural grafts for anterior skull base (ASB) reconstruction.
Methods Between November 2019 and October 2023, we used artificial dural grafts for the ASB reconstruction in 10 cases of recurrent benign cranionasal communicating tumors. Through a transcranial subfrontal approach, the tumor was totally removed and the skull base defect was repaired using the NormalGEN® and DuraMax® artificial dural grafts. Clinical and imaging follow-ups were conducted to screen for the occurrence of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, intracranial infection, and encephalocele.
Results Gross total resection of tumor and ASB reconstruction with the artificial dural grafts were achieved in 10 patients. The patients were followed up clinically for 11 to 52 months (mean 26.0 months) and underwent medical imaging follow-up for 6 to 36 months (mean 18.4 months). One patient presented with CSF leakage on day 47 after the operation. Another patient endured intracranial infection without CSF leakage on the fifth day after the operation. Both patients were cured. No encephalocele was observed during the follow-up period. All the patients achieved a favorable recovery.
Conclusion Following transcranial resection of benign cranionasal communicating tumors, we utilized artificial dural grafts for ASB reconstruction when the frontal pericranium was impaired by tumor invasion or previous surgery. Our initial experience and postoperative follow-up have proven that the method is feasible and reliable in selected cases.
Reappraising consumption nudging—on liberty in the age of climate catastrophe
Authors: Braganza Oliver , Kapeller Jakob 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Modern democracies are experiencing a fierce societal and political debate on the climate crisis. Urgent environmental policies are often thwarted by political forces which claim that climate action will erode liberty. Here, we reappraise the issue of consumption nudging (CN), i.e., market practices to promote consumption which act without the full understanding of consumers. In doing so, we argue, CN exacerbates the climate crisis by covertly undermining consumer autonomy and liberty. Our analysis suggests that the effects of pervasive and incessant CN, both for individuals and society, continue to be widely underestimated. The reason is that CN by disparate actors acts synergistically and cumulatively, to influence not only individual behavior, beliefs and preferences, but also social and cultural dynamics—all in a way that systematically evades conscious scrutiny. It thereby creates unsustainable path-dependencies making outcomes appear to be the result of free choices, while they actually subvert the liberty of both present and future generations.
Peering into interfaces in perovskite solar cells: A first-principles perspective
Authors: Liu Xu-Tong , Li Jinshan , Zhang Xie 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Over the past decade, perovskite solar cells have experienced a rapid development. The remarkable increase in the photoelectric conversion efficiency demonstrates great promise of halide perovskites in the field of photovoltaics. Despite the excellent photovoltaic performance, further efforts are needed to enhance efficiency and stability. Interfacial engineering plays a crucial role in enhancing the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells, enabling champion cells to sustain a power conversion efficiency above 26% for over 1000 hours. As a powerful theoretical tool for characterizing interfaces in perovskite solar cells, first-principles calculations have contributed to understanding interfacial properties and guiding the materials design. In this Perspective, we highlight the recent progress in theoretically profiling the interfaces between halide perovskites and other materials, focusing on the effects of energy band alignment and electronic structure on the carrier transport at the interfaces. These first-principles calculations help to reveal the atomic and electronic properties of the interfaces, and to provide important theoretical guidance for experimental research and device optimization. We also analyze potential strategies to enhance carrier separation and transport in perovskite solar cells, and discuss the challenges in accurate modeling interfaces in perovskite solar cells, which will help to understand the fundamental physics of interfaces in perovskite solar cells and to guide their further optimization.
A Lq Proximal Gradient Algorithm for Radio-interferometric Imaging
Authors: Yang Xiaocheng , Cheng Huangfeng , Wu Lin , Yan Jingye , Jiang Mingfeng , Yang Xu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The reconstruction from the measured visibilities to the signal in radio interferometry is an ill-posed inverse problem. The compressed sensing technology represented by the sparsity averaging reweighted analysis (SARA) has been successfully applied to radio-interferometric imaging. However, the traditional SARA algorithm solves the L
1 norm minimization problem instead of the L
0 norm one, which has a bias problem. In this paper, a L

q
proximal gradient algorithm with 0 < q < 1 is proposed to ameliorate the bias problem and obtain an accurate solution in radio interferometry. The proposed method efficiently solves the L

q
norm minimization problem by using the proximal gradient algorithm, and adopts restart and lazy-start strategies to reduce oscillations and accelerate the convergence rate. Numerical experiment results and quantitative analyses verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.