bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geometry, conformal Killing-Yano tensors and conserved “currents”
Authors: Lindström Ulf , Sarıoğlu Özgür 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this paper we discuss the construction of conserved tensors (currents) involving conformal Killing-Yano tensors (CKYTs), generalising the corresponding constructions for Killing-Yano tensors (KYTs). As a useful preparation for this, but also of intrinsic interest, we derive identities relating CKYTs and geometric quantities. The behaviour of CKYTs under conformal transformations is also given, correcting formulae in the literature. We then use the identities derived to construct covariantly conserved “currents”. We find several new CKYT currents and also include a known one by Penrose which shows that “trivial” currents are also useful. We further find that rank-n currents based on rank-n CKYTs k must have a simple form in terms of dk. By construction, these currents are covariant under a general conformal rescaling of the metric. How currents lead to conserved charges is then illustrated using the Kerr-Newman and the C-metric in four dimensions. Separately, we study a rank-1 current, construct its charge and discuss its relation to the recently constructed Cotton current for the Kerr-Newman black hole.
Quantum gravity constraints on scale separation and de Sitter in five dimensions
Authors: Cribiori Niccolò , Montella Carmine 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We give evidence that supersymmetric anti-de Sitter vacua of five-dimensional supergravity cannot be scale separated as a consequence of quantum gravity constraints, such as the weak gravity conjecture or the species scale. We show this in a model-independent way for the minimal and the maximal theory and we believe that the argument can be extended to any amount of preserved supercharges in the between. If combined with previous works stating that non-supersymmetric anti-de Sitter vacua must be unstable, our results suggest that five-dimensional effective field theories in anti-de Sitter belong to the swampland. At the cost of introducing an additional assumption on the gravitino mass, we can extend our analysis to de Sitter vacua as well. However, the few known stable de Sitter vacua of minimal five-dimensional supergravity do not satisfy such an assumption and thus evade our constraints. This suggest that they are on a somehow different footing than their four-dimensional counterparts and therefore deserve further investigation.
Cosmological gravitational particle production of massive spin-2 particles
Authors: Kolb Edward W. , Ling Siyang , Long Andrew J. , Rosen Rachel A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The phenomenon of cosmological gravitational particle production (CGPP) is expected to occur during the period of inflation and the transition into a hot big bang cosmology. Particles may be produced even if they only couple directly to gravity, and so CGPP provides a natural explanation for the origin of dark matter. In this work we study the gravitational production of massive spin-2 particles assuming two different couplings to matter. We evaluate the full system of mode equations, including the helicity-0 modes, and by solving them numerically we calculate the spectrum and abundance of massive spin-2 particles that results from inflation on a hilltop potential. We conclude that CGPP might provide a viable mechanism for the generation of massive spin-2 particle dark matter during inflation, and we identify the favorable region of parameter space in terms of the spin-2 particle’s mass and the reheating temperature. As a secondary product of our work, we identify the conditions under which such theories admit ghost or gradient instabilities, and we thereby derive a generalization of the Higuchi bound to Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) spacetimes.
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases 16 triggers pathological cardiac hypertrophy via activating IRE1α–sXBP1–GATA4 pathway
Authors: Su Haibi , Xu Jie , Su Zhenghua , Xiao Chenxi , Wang Jinghuan , Zhong Wen , Meng Chen , Yang Di , Zhu Yizhun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Pressure overload-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy is an independent predecessor of heart failure (HF), which remains the leading cause of worldwide mortality. However, current evidence on the molecular determinants of pathological cardiac hypertrophy is still inadequacy. This study aims to elucidate the role and mechanisms of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases 16 (PARP16) in the pathogenesis of pathological cardiac hypertrophy.

Methods
Gain and loss of function approaches were used to demonstrate the effects of genetic overexpression or deletion of PARP16 on cardiomyocyte hypertrophic growth in vitro. Ablation of PARP16 by transducing the myocardium with serotype 9 adeno-associated virus (AAV9)-encoding PARP16 shRNA were then subjected to transverse aortic construction (TAC) to investigate the effect of PARP16 on pathological cardiac hypertrophy in vivo. Co-immunoprecipitation (IP) and western blot assay were used to detect the mechanisms of PARP16 in regulating cardiac hypertrophic development.

Results
PARP16 deficiency rescued cardiac dysfunction and ameliorated TAC-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in vivo, as well as phenylephrine (PE)-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophic responses in vitro. Whereas overexpression of PARP16 exacerbated hypertrophic responses including the augmented cardiomyocyte surface area and upregulation of the fetal gene expressions. Mechanistically, PARP16 interacted with IRE1α and ADP-ribosylated IRE1α and then mediated the hypertrophic responses through activating the IRE1α–sXBP1–GATA4 pathway.

Conclusions
Collectively, our results implicated that PARP16 is a contributor to pathological cardiac hypertrophy at least in part via activating the IRE1α–sXBP1–GATA4 pathway, and may be regarded as a new potential target for exploring effective therapeutic interventions of pathological cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
10 Jahre Endoprothesenregister Deutschland (EPRD): was wurde erreicht?
Authors: Grimberg Alexander W. , Steinbrück Arnd 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungSeit 10 Jahren erfasst und verfolgt das Endoprothesenregister Deutschland (EPRD) endoprothetische Eingriffe an Hüft- und Kniegelenk. Trotz der Freiwilligkeit des Registers konnten so bereits mehr als 2 Mio. Operationen in Deutschland erfasst werden. Das EPRD zählt somit als drittgrößtes Register der Welt. Die hochgranulare Klassifikation der EPRD-Produktdatenbank, in der mittlerweile mehr als 70.000 Artikel hinterlegt sind, soll zum internationalen Standard erhoben werden. Die Verknüpfung von Fällen mit spezifischen Implantatdaten sowie Routinedaten der Krankenkassen ermöglicht valide Standzeitanalysen. Auf dieser Basis erhalten Kliniken, Hersteller, aber auch die Fachöffentlichkeit spezifische Ergebnisse, die zur Verbesserung der Qualität in der Endoprothetik beitragen. Zunehmend internationale Wahrnehmung erhält das Register auch durch Publikationen in „peer-reviewed journals“. Ein Antragsverfahren ermöglicht zudem den Zugriff auf EPRD-Daten für „Dritte“. Darüber hinaus hat das EPRD ein Frühwarnsystem etabliert, um Auffälligkeiten zu detektieren. Softwaregestützt meldet das EPRD mögliche Fälle von Implantat-Mismatch an die betreffenden Kliniken. Die EPRD-Erfassung wird im Rahmen eines Probebetriebs im Jahr 2023 um Patientenbefragungen zur Zufriedenheit, sog. PROMs, ergänzt. Auch die Erfassung des Operateurs wird perspektivisch folgen.
Spatially optimised fibre-reinforced composites with isosurface-controlled additive manufacturing constraints
Authors: Luo Yi-Rong , Hewson Robert , Santer Matthew 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA design approach accounting for manufacturing constraints is described for spatially optimised fibre-reinforced composites. The approach is based on the optimisation of local fibre orientation, the fibre volume fraction and density-based topology optimisation to determine the optimal design. A continuity equation is adopted to constrain the fibre orientation and ensure continuous fibres within the bounds of realistic fibre volume fractions. This results in a fibre orientation with a corresponding and controllable variation of the fibre volume fraction. In order to ensure the continuous fibre can be deposited, the manufacturability of the optimised results is ensured by introducing constraints controlled with two scalar fields to reconstruct fibre paths which are able to provide sufficient information to generate printer toolpaths. A cantilever beam problem is solved to show the advantage of the fibre reinforcement, the inclusion of manufacturing constraints and the penalty in compliance due to the application of the manufacturing constraints. The results show that the presented approach successfully guarantees the manufacturability with minimal loss of performance.
Determination of synthetic hallucinogens in oral fluids by microextraction by packed sorbent and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Lesne Evan , Muñoz-Bartual Miguel , Esteve-Turrillas Francesc A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA fast and simple procedure based on microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) has been developed for the simultaneous quantification of 28 synthetic hallucinogens in oral fluids, including lysergic acid diethylamide and substances from NBOMe, NBOH, NBF, 2C, and substituted amphetamine categories. Extraction conditions such as type of sorbent, sample pH, number of charge/discharge cycles, and elution volume were studied. Hallucinogenic compounds were extracted from oral fluid samples using C18 MEPS, loading with 100 μL sample (adjusted to pH 7) in 3 cycles, washing with 100 μL deionized water, and eluting with 50 μL methanol in 1 cycle, giving quantitative recoveries and no significant matrix effects. Limits of detection from 0.09 to 1.22 μg L−1; recoveries from 80 to 129% performed in spiked oral fluid samples at 20, 50, and 100 μg L−1; and high precision with relative standard deviations lower than 9% were obtained. The proposed methodology was demonstrated to be appropriate for the simple and sensitive determination of NBOMe derivates and other synthetic hallucinogenic substances in oral fluid samples.
Graphical Abstract
Comparing derivatization reagents for quantitative LC–MS/MS analysis of a variety of vitamin D metabolites
Authors: Alexandridou Anastasia , Schorr Pascal , Volmer Dietrich A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe present study systematically compares the sensitivity and selectivity of the analysis of multiple vitamin D metabolites after chemical derivatization using different reagents for liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Generally, chemical derivatization is applied to vitamin D metabolites to increase the ionization efficiency, which is particularly important for very low abundant metabolites. Derivatization can also improve the selectivity of the LC separation. A wide variety of derivatization reagents has been reported in recent years, but information on their relative performance and applicability to different vitamin D metabolites is, unfortunately, not available in the literature. To fill this gap, we investigated vitamin D3, 3β-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (3β-25(OH)D3), 3α-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (3α-25(OH)D3), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24,25(OH)2D3) and compared response factors and selectivity after derivatizing with several important reagents, including four dienophile reagents (4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione (PTAD), 4-[2-(6,7-dimethoxy-4-methyl-3-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinoxalinyl)ethyl]-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione (DMEQ-TAD), Amplifex, 2-nitrosopyridine (PyrNO)) as well as two reagents targeting hydroxyl groups: isonicotinoyl chloride (INC) and 2-fluoro-1-methylpyridinium-p-toluenesulfonate (FMP-TS). In addition, a combination of dienophiles and hydroxyl group reagents was examined. For LC separations, reversed-phase C-18 and mixed-mode pentafluorophenyl HPLC columns using different compositions of the mobile phase were compared. With respect to detection sensitivity, the optimum derivatization reagent for the profiling of multiple metabolites was Amplifex. Nevertheless, FMP-TS, INC, PTAD, or PTAD combined with an acetylation reaction showed very good performance for selected metabolites. These reagent combinations provided signal enhancements on the order of 3- to 295-fold depending on the compound. Chromatographic separation of the dihydroxylated vitamin D3 species was readily achieved using any of the derivatization reactions, while for 25(OH)D3 epimers, only PyrNO, FMP, INC, and PTAD combined with acetylation enabled complete separation. In conclusion, we believe this study can serve as a useful reference for vitamin D laboratories, to help analytical and clinical scientists decide which derivatization reagent to choose for their application.
The “Vestibular Eye Sign”—“VES”: a new radiological sign of vestibular neuronitis can help to determine the affected vestibule and support the diagnosis
Authors: Farhat Raed , Awad Anan Abu , Shaheen Waleed Abu , Alwily Diaa , Avraham Yaniv , Najjar Razi , Merchavy Shlomo , Massoud Saqr 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Nystagmus is a valuable clinical finding. Although nystagmus is often described by the direction of its quick phases, it is the slow phase that reflects the underlying disorder. The aim of our study was to describe a new radiological diagnostic sign called “Vestibular Eye Sign”—VES. This sign is defined as an eye deviation that correlates with the slow phase of nystagmus (vestibule pathological side), which is seen in acute vestibular neuronitis and can be assessed on a CT head scan.

Materials and methods
A total of 1250 patients were diagnosed with vertigo in the Emergency Department at Ziv Medical Center (ED) in Safed, Israel. The data of 315 patients who arrived at the ED between January 2010 and January 2022 were collected, with criteria eligible for the study. Patients were divided into 4 groups: Group A, “pure VN”, Group B, “non-VN aetiology”, Group C, BPPV patients, and Group D, patients who had a diagnosis of vertigo with unknown aetiology. All groups underwent head CT examination while in the ED.

Results
In Group 1, pure vestibular neuritis was diagnosed in 70 (22.2%) patients. Regarding accuracy, VES (Vestibular Eye Sign) was found in 65 patients in group 1 and 8 patients in group 2 and had a sensitivity of 89%, specificity of 75% and a negative predictive value of 99.4% in group 1—pure vestibular neuronitis.

Conclusion
VN is still a clinical diagnosis, but if the patient undergoes head CT, we suggest using the “Vestibular Eye Sign” as a complementary sign. As per our findings, this is a valuable sign on CT imaging for diagnosing the pathological side of isolated pure VN. It is sensitive to support a diagnosis with a high negative predictive value.
Counting Hamilton Cycles in Dirac Hypergraphs
Authors: Ferber Asaf , Hardiman Liam , Mond Adva 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFor $$0\le \ell <k$$

0
≤
ℓ
<
k

, a Hamilton $$\ell $$
ℓ
-cycle in a k-uniform hypergraph H is a cyclic ordering of the vertices of H in which the edges are segments of length k and every two consecutive edges overlap in exactly $$\ell $$
ℓ
vertices. We show that for all $$0\le \ell <k-1$$

0
≤
ℓ
<
k
-
1

, every k-graph with minimum co-degree $$\delta n$$

δ
n

with $$\delta >1/2$$

δ
>
1
/
2

has (asymptotically and up to a subexponential factor) at least as many Hamilton $$\ell $$
ℓ
-cycles as a typical random k-graph with edge-probability $$\delta $$
δ
. This significantly improves a recent result of Glock, Gould, Joos, Kühn and Osthus, and verifies a conjecture of Ferber, Krivelevich and Sudakov for all values $$0\le \ell <k-1$$

0
≤
ℓ
<
k
-
1

.
A novel initialisation based on hospital-resident assignment for the $$k$$-modes algorithm
Authors: Gillard Jonathan , Knight Vincent , Wilde Henry 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a new way of selecting an initialisation for the $$k$$
k
-modes algorithm that allows for a notion of game theoretic fairness that classic initialisations, namely those by Huang and Cao, do not. Our new method utilises the hospital-resident assignment problem to find the set of initial cluster centroids which we compare with two classical initialisation methods for $$k$$
k
-modes: the original presented by Huang and the next most popular method of Cao and co-authors. To highlight the merits of our proposed method, two stages of analysis are presented. It is demonstrated that the proposed method is often able to offer computational speed-up of the order of $$50\%$$

50
%

. Improved clustering, in terms of a commonly used cost-function, was witnessed in several cases and can be of the order of $$10\%$$

10
%

, particularly for more complex datasets.
Ausgepreist: Zur Bedeutung von Proberäumen in der musikalischen Produktion und deren strukturellen Verknappung in Städten
Authors: Merkel Janet 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungProberäume als Räume der Musikwirtschaft erhalten bislang nur wenig Aufmerksamkeit, ob in der wirtschaftsgeografischen Forschung oder in infrastrukturellen Maßnahmen zur Unterstützung kultureller Produktion in Städten. Dabei erleben viele Städte eine strukturelle Verknappung von künstlerischen Arbeits- und Probenräumen durch Nutzungskonkurrenzen mit dem intensivierten Wohnungs- und Büroneubau in gegenwärtigen Stadtentwicklungsprozessen. Insbesondere die preiswerten lärmintensiven Nischen in ehemaligen Industrie- und Gewerbebauten verschwinden zunehmend. Der Artikel diskutiert Proberäume als kritische Infrastrukturen musikalischer Produktion und identifiziert verschiedene Aspekte für eine infrastrukturelle Förderung in den Städten. Der Grundlage des Artikels sind eine Literaturauswertung sowie sekundäranalytische Auswertungen aktueller Umfragen und Erhebungen zu Proberaumbedarfen unter Berliner Musikschaffenden von 2014 und 2021 durch die Senatsverwaltung für Kultur und Europa und das Musicboard sowie verschiedene Planungen und Beteiligungsverfahren zu künstlerischen Arbeitsräumen in Berlin. Dabei wird deutlich, dass die Verfügbarkeit, Bezahlbarkeit und die Angemessenheit von Proberäumen für Musikschaffende zu den zentralen Herausforderungen zählen und Städte bislang kaum Antworten auf die wachsende Raumkrise für künstlerische Arbeits- und Probenräume entwickelt haben.
Through eagle eyes—the potential of satellite-derived LAI time series to estimate masting events and tree-ring width of European beech
Authors: Stolz Juliane , Forkel Matthias , van der Maaten Ernst , Martin Jan , van der Maaten-Theunissen Marieke 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMasting is a well-known phenomenon in forest science in which trees recurrently produce exceptional high seed amounts throughout their lifespan. Occurring simultaneously across wide regions, masting may impact carbon sequestration and carbon cycling of forest ecosystems. To identify masting-induced changes in tree canopies, remote sensing methods may offer a suitable tool, though so far only few studies have used RS methods to investigate the relationship between masting and tree-ring width (TRW). Therefore, we employed a regional network of 19 European beech sites along a precipitation gradient in north-eastern Germany, providing time series of TRW (1961–2017) and categorical masting data (1992–2020). Combined with leaf area index (LAI) from the medium-resolution satellite sensors SPOT-VGT/PROBA-V and MODIS, we assessed the relationship between all three parameters by correlation analysis. Furthermore, we identified common climatic drivers and spatial masting patterns along gradients of water availability. We found negative relationships for both TRW and LAI with masting and a positive correlation for TRW with LAI for SPOT-VGT/PROBA-V data. Contrary, MODIS LAI provided no significant relationships. Water availability did not impact masting occurrence or intensity. The climate correlations showed that masting and TRW are commonly driven by summer climate in June and July, while we found no correlations between climate and LAI. We conclude that medium-resolved SPOT-VGT/PROBA-V LAI is suitable to observe masting but not to estimate TRW. Nonetheless, the results should be thoroughly interpreted in the context of uncertainties of RS measurements and complex interactions of different environmental drivers.
Role of risk factors, scoring systems, and prognostic models in predicting the functional outcome in meningioma surgery: multicentric study of 552 skull base meningiomas
Authors: May Michaela , Sedlak Vojtech , Pecen Ladislav , Priban Vladimir , Buchvald Pavel , Fiedler Jiri , Vaverka Miroslav , Lipina Radim , Reguli Stefan , Malik Jozef , Netuka David , Benes Vladimir 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDespite the importance of functional outcome, only a few scoring systems exist to predict neurologic outcome in meningioma surgery. Therefore, our study aims to identify preoperative risk factors and develop the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) models estimating the risk of a new postoperative neurologic deficit and a decrease in Karnofsky performance status (KPS). A multicentric study was conducted in a cohort of 552 consecutive patients with skull base meningiomas who underwent surgical resection from 2014 to 2019. Data were gathered from clinical, surgical, and pathology records as well as radiological diagnostics. The preoperative predictive factors of functional outcome (neurologic deficit, decrease in KPS) were analyzed in univariate and multivariate stepwise selection analyses. Permanent neurologic deficits were present in 73 (13.2%) patients and a postoperative decrease in KPS in 84 (15.2%). Surgery-related mortality was 1.3%. A ROC model was developed to estimate the probability of a new neurologic deficit (area 0.74; SE 0.0284; 95% Wald confidence limits (0.69; 0.80)) based on meningioma location and diameter. Consequently, a ROC model was developed to predict the probability of a postoperative decrease in KPS (area 0.80; SE 0.0289; 95% Wald confidence limits (0.74; 0.85)) based on the patient’s age, meningioma location, diameter, presence of hyperostosis, and dural tail. To ensure an evidence-based therapeutic approach, treatment should be founded on known risk factors, scoring systems, and predictive models. We propose ROC models predicting the functional outcome of skull base meningioma resection based on the age of the patient, meningioma size, and location and the presence of hyperostosis and dural tail.