bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beginners guide to protocol writing in transplant infectious diseases
Authors: Kumar Rebecca N. , Gorsline Chelsea A. , Harris Courtney E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCreating protocols surrounding the guidance of the prevention and treatment of infections in transplantation is an integral part of being a transplant infectious disease physician. This piece outlines the key components for success in developing a protocol, with an example protocol and protocol template available for readers. Collaborating effectively within the multi‐disciplinary team to develop, implement, and assess the efficacy of a protocol is a skill that enhances the relationship with our transplantation colleagues and improves patient outcomes by standardizing the care delivered.
Thermodynamic Performance Enhancement of an Air Conditioner With Dew Point Evaporative Cooler
Authors: Gupta Sunil Kumar , Arora B. B. , Arora Akhilesh 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The vapor-compression-based conventional split air conditioners (CACs) consume a large portion of total electrical power and pose an alarming threat to global environment. The present work aims to reduce cooling load and power consumption of CAC by employing a dew point evaporative cooler (DPEC). DPEC consists of a counter flow type heat and mass exchanger with alternate layers of dry and wet channels. The intake air is sensibly cooled before entering the cooling room through the evaporator coil of the air conditioner. Also, the working air (a part of outlet air in dry channel), after absorbing sensible heat of intake air and water vapors from the wet channel surface, is allowed to pass across the condenser coils. The intake dry-bulb temperature (T0 = 29–44 °C) and specific humidity (ω0 = 6–22 g/kg) are taken as input parameters. While the cooled air entering the evaporator decreases the cooling load on the conditioned space, the compression work is also reduced due to increased heat transfer in the condenser. The maximum reductions in cooling load and monthly energy consumption at T0 = 44 °C and ω0 = 6 g/kg are found as 59.54% and 340 kW h, respectively. The water consumption for different months of the cooling season varies from 1037.8 L to 2905.95 L. The average energy savings with the DPEC system for hot-dry climate (from April to June) and hot-humid climate (from July to September) of New Delhi, India, are observed to be 479.6 kW h and 79.1 kW h, respectively. The proposed system is found to payback in about 3.37 years.
Comparative Analysis of Mechanical Energy Storage Systems
Authors: Sandoval Bustamante Javier , Singh Aanya , Soto Crisanto Magali Itzai , Joao Imerson , Mohsin Batool 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Intermittency of renewable energy systems remains one of the major impediments to their adoption. Therefore, large-scale energy storage is essential for developing flexible, reliable electricity grids and integrating renewables within them. This work presents a comparative study of mechanical energy storage systems based on their working principle, factors that affect their performance, applications, advantages, and disadvantages. Pumped hydro, gravity-based, and buoyancy-based methods store energy in the form of gravitational potential energy. Flywheels store excess electrical energy in the form of kinetic energy via a rotating mass. Metal-organic frameworks and carbon nanotubes store potential energy in their structure under compressive or tensile forces. Springs can be used to momentarily store kinetic energy in pendulum energy harvesters. The application for these systems varies depending on factors such as energy density, power density, discharge time, and energy generation method. Some mechanical energy storage systems are well suited for utility scale. Others, like carbon nanotubes and metal-organic frameworks, are more suited to nano-scale applications. Finally, energy storage in springs can improve the performance of pendulum energy harvesters. Thus, mechanical energy storage has the potential to deliver value across different stages of the energy value chain.
Performance of Biomass and Waste Coal Co-Fired Power Generation
Authors: Bhoi Prakash , Sarkar Surja , Klinger Jordan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of waste coal and biomass co-fired 100 MW power generation using a commercial software, i.e., STEAM-PRO. The selected feedstocks are anthracite waste coal and loblolly pine biomass. The performance of co-fired plant was analyzed at biomass and coal refuse cofiring ratios such as 0:100, 20:80, 40:60, 60:40, 80:20, and 100:0. The STEAM-PRO model was validated using literature data, and the major parameters were in the range of 5 to 6% while a few parameters were in the range of 11 to 13% which are within the acceptable range. As the biomass to waste coal ratio increased from 0:100 to 100:0, the gross power, net heat rate, auxiliary power, fuel flow rate, and CO2 emissions are decreased for both with and without carbon capture and storage (CCS) cases. The maximum net plant LHV efficiency of 37.11% was observed at co-firing ratio of 100:0, i.e., 100% biomass case. The addition of CCS has resulted into a significant reduction in net plant LHV efficiency. Although the addition of CCS reduced the net thermal efficiency, CO2 and SO2 emissions have been reduced significantly.
Design and Analysis of a CSP Plant and Pumped Hydro Storage Facility
Authors: Mitri Frederick B. , Anderson Kevin R. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper demonstrates the design and analysis of a power plant that uses a concentrating solar power (CSP) system in conjunction with pumped hydro energy storage (PHES). The facility proposed here is for the Hoover / Davis Dam network. This system generates energy for use in the evening hours from 4–9 PM when energy demand reaches its peak. The predicted annual power output for the facility is 8,427 GWh. Energy storage of 294 MWth will assist in startup during the early morning hours and will allow the power plant to be operated at full capacity throughout the day. The construction cost for the powerplant is estimated to be 1.64 million USD per GWh, 23% of which is for energy storage. The estimated Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) for the CSP/PHES project is 12.63 ¢/kWh. Details of the simulation of the proposed power plant using NREL System Advisor Model (SAM) are given herein.
Employing Variable Current/Voltage Control Schemes to Develop Carnot-Analogous Mixing Engines for Salinity Gradient Energy Extraction
Authors: Moreno Daniel A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A capacitive mixing engine is developed which follows four stages of operation analogous to those of a Carnot cycle. This work establishes and evaluates control schemes for cell voltage and current as functions of time to maintain cycling stages where a constant number of ions property (dependent on both cell charge and concentration) can be maintained. The cycle is examined and compared for three different models of the electrochemical double layer in the cell, each of which function best at a different set of concentration ranges: The Gouy Chapman Stern (GCS) model for high concentrations, the modified Donnan (mD) model for low concentrations, and the improved modified Donnan (imD) model to account for both ranges. The cycle baseline condition operates between high concentration seawater (600 mM) mixed with heavily diluted brackish water (20 mM). Under this voltage range, the imD functions best at capturing the appropriate range of concentrations, but future connections with experimental studies will be necessary to assure that the constant parameters used for fitting in the model are valid. In this mode of operation, cell voltage and current were found to follow linear/exponential trends, but the high concentration range required very long running times on the order of thousands of hours, approaching the infinitely slow cycle limits previously developed. Before more rigorous studies can be considered, a design space exploration should aim to decrease operating time to more reasonable values. This study suggested high flow rates (&gt; 1 L/min) will be effective while keeping current lower (&lt; 1 A) to minimize irreversibilities. While the transient cycle does not truly extract the maximum energy of mixing predicted theoretically, it reaches 75% for baseline conditions studied, and approaches 100% as minimum concentration approaches zero.
Nano Fabricated Electrostatic Cleaning Technique for Dust Control for Solar Power Efficiency on Lunar Surface
Authors: Harrigan Voss , Carter Korey , Gilmore Marcus , Xu Jiajun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Solar-generated energy has been growing rapidly over the past several years, especially in the form of solar farms. Solar farms are places where many solar panels are installed on flat, vacant land. Unfortunately for solar energy producers, the same sunny, dry climate that makes a location ideal for solar also makes it more susceptible to generating dust. It does not take long for airborne particulates to hinder solar energy production. Similar challenge is even more severe for outer space environment such as lunar surface. There are some new technologies are being developed to help solve the problem of dust and grime in this industry. This includes solar power cleaning robots and self-cleaning solar panels. However, many cleaning technologies are not fully developed yet and can be expensive. Even as more progress is made, dust prevention will always play an important role in maximizing solar power. Regions prone to dust benefit from mitigating the problem from the start. Once created, dust is challenging and often costly to manage. While there are products designed to extract, collect, and clean dust in various industries, it is risky to rely on only reactive solutions. In this study, the student team proposed and developed an electrostatic cleaning system (ECS) using carbon nanotubes (CNT) integrated with a negatively ionized Thunderon brush (NITB) was developed to mitigate small-sized lunar dust particles with diameters ranging from 0.04 μm to 35 μm, and the mean and median size of 7 μm and 5 μm, respectively. NITB was used manually to remove particles from areas where the ECS failed to mitigate the lunar simulant. The acquired data demonstrated that the developed system removed over 94–98% of the lunar dust particles. This research then serves to rectifies the efficiencies of the proposed approach and test new methods of improving the efficiency compared with other methods.
Thermal-Economic Feasibility of Coal-Fired Power Plant Integrated With Power-to-Heat Thermal Energy Storage System
Authors: Miao Lin , Liu Ming , Zhang Kezhen , Zhao Yongliang , Yan Junjie 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The new power system with renewable energy as the main body puts forward higher requirements for the operational flexibility of coal-fired power plants (CFPP). In this study, three systems of the CFPP integrated with molten salt thermal storage with power-to-heat heaters are proposed. To evaluate the thermodynamic performance of the integrated thermal energy storage system, simulation and thermodynamic models for a 600MW CFPP were developed. The molten salt thermal storage system (MSTES) was designed, and the maximum discharging power and the discharge duration of the MSTES are 312.2 MW and 2.8 h, respectively. Exergy analysis results show that the exergy loss of electrical heaters in the charging process is up to 44.02%, which is the largest exergy loss part in the power-to-heat-to-power cycle of the integrated system. Compared with the standalone CFPP, using molten salt thermal energy storage to replace part of the boiler heat load or extracting steam from turbines can enhance the system’s thermodynamic performance. The largest equivalent round-trip efficiency (electricity to electricity) of the system is 48.89%. Then, an economic analysis model is developed to explore the power-to-heat thermal energy storage system’s economics. The scheme of heating feed water to live steam is a good integration option with the lowest LCOD of 160.54 USD/MWh.
System Design and Thermodynamic Analysis on a Coal Supercritical Water Gasification Power Generation System Integrated With Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle
Authors: Mu Ruiqi , Liu Ming , Yan Junjie 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Coal supercritical water gasification (SCWG) is a potential clean coal technology. To enhance the efficiency and reduce carbon emissions of SCWG coal power, a novel coal SCWG power generation system with supercritical CO2 (S-CO2) circulating is proposed in this study. The system achieves autothermal gasification by partial oxidation of coal. Syngas combusts with pure oxygen, and mixes with circulating S-CO2 to form the CO2-dominated mixed working medium for power generation. Turbine exhaust is split into three streams to preheat oxygen, water and S-CO2 in the heat exchanger (HEX), respectively. With an appropriate flow rate of circulating S-CO2, HEX has a good temperature difference matching, which decreases the heat transfer exergy destruction. The system simulation and exergy analysis models are developed. Results show the energy and exergy efficiency of system with benchmark conditions are 50.23% and 49.00%, respectively. Exergy destruction of combustor accounts for 52.61% of the total exergy loss, and that of HEX accounts for 19.30%. Additionally, effects of key parameters are investigated. The optimal water coal ratio (WCR) is 1.7, the optimal gasification pressure is 26 MPa (WCR is 1.7), higher gasification pressure (WCR is 1.8), and higher turbine inlet temperature can improve the system efficiency.
Window and Shading Design for Office Buildings in Humid Subtropical Climate: An Energy Efficient Solution for New and Existing Buildings
Authors: Nazari Sarah , Keshavarz Mirza Mohammadi Payam , Goudarzi Navid 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Windows and their control elements, such as shadings, are the most critical building components impacting energy consumption and occupant comfort. This study investigates the impact of shading design for an office building on improving building energy efficiency and occupant comfort. The selected is in Atlanta, Georgia, zone Cfa category in the Köppen climate classification. A fixed shading system is chosen for this study. The variable louver shading configurations are slat angle, depth, and the number of slats. 225 models are studied and then the Preto Frontier optimization is used to select the top 10 models. The objectives are reducing the energy-use-intensity (EUI) and thermal discomfort hours while improving the user’s visual comfort. The results showed that 1-slat configurations resulted in the best outcomes. It is also shown that the downward rotation is a better solution for office buildings in Atlanta. These results can be served as inputs for studying urban microclimate and smart city planning.
Impact of DnaK on protein expression and deamidation modification in
Cronobacter sakazakii
: insights from proteomic analysis
Authors: Lu Ping , Xue Juan , Chen Xi , Ji Xuemeng 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

This study explores the influence of DnaK on intracellular proteins in
Cronobacter sakazakii
, a Gram-negative bacterium known for causing infections, particularly in neonates. Proteomic and post-translational modification analyses were performed, revealing a potential link between DnaK and protein deamidation.
Sources of the Paleoproterozoic Terrigenous Rocks of the Nizhnekhani Graben-Syncline, Western Part of the Aldan Shield, According to the U–Th–Pb (LA-ICP-MS) Geochronological and Nd Isotopic Studies: To the Question of Correlation of the Udokan Complex Deposits
Authors: Kovach V. P. , Adamskaya E. V. , Kotov A. B. , Berezkin B. I. , Timofeev V. F. , Popov N. V. , Plotkina Yu. V. , Skovitina T. M. , Fedoseenko A. M. , Zagornaya N. Yu. , Gorokhovsky B. M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The results of U–Th–Pb (LA-ICP-MS) geochronological studies of detrital zircon and Sm–Nd isotopic studies of metaterrigenous rocks of the Udokan Complex of the Nizhnekhani graben-syncline in the western part of the Aldan Shield are discussed. On the basis of the data obtained, it was found that the accumulation of terrigenous deposits of the Nizhnekhani graben-syncline occurred after 2.65 and up to 1.9 Ga, probably at the Paleoproterozoic stage of the development of the region. The igneous and metamorphic rocks formed at ca. 2.65, 2.71, 2.82–2.86, 2.99, 3.10–3.21, and probably 3.26–3.42 Ga within the Chara–Olekma Geoblock, its junction zone with the West Aldan Megablock, and the Kurulta Block of the Stanovoi suture zone were the sources of detrital material. Metaterrigenous rocks of the Nizhnekhani graben-syncline were formed from crustal sources with the Paleo- and Mesoarchean Nd model ages, while a significant contribution of the Paleoproterozoic juvenile material was established for the metasedimentary rocks of the Kodar–Udokan Trough. Significant differences in the age and Nd isotopic characteristics of sources of terrigenous deposit of the Nizhnekhani graben-syncline and the Kodar–Udokan Trough suggest that they accumulated in isolated basins.
Efficacy and optimal dose of acetic acid to treat colonised burns wounds: protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Imran Rizwana , Hassouna Tarek , Sur Gurneet , Casey Anna , Homer Victoria , Barton Darren , Brock Kristian , Altarrah Khaled , Moiemen Naiem 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionDespite of recent advancement in the burns wound management, burn wound infection (BWI) is still one of the major cause of burns mortality. Patients who survive their burns injury still suffers from BWI related complication like delayed wound healing and poor scarring. BWI has been treated by application of topical antimicrobial agents or systemic antibiotics. Due to the global risk of developing systemic antibiotics resistance, medical research focuses on identifying single topical agent which has effective antimicrobial activity, easily available and cost effective. One such agent is acetic acid (AA). AA has been used as a topical antibacterial agent for the treatment of burns wounds for many years and has shown to have activity against gram-negative organisms includingPseudomonas aeruginosa. So far there has been no consensus on optimal concentration that has effective antimicrobial activity, frequency of application, duration of treatment and most importantly good patient’s tolerability. A randomised control study is required to answer all these questions.ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and tolerability of 0.5% and 2% of AA when applied to colonised burns wounds for 3 days after admittance to the Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham.Methods and analysisThis is a double-blinded, prospective, randomised, controlled, single-centre trial. Patients will be screened for eligibility in the inpatient area and those who are found to be eligible will be randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: group 1: 0.5% AA (10 patients); group 2: 2% AA (10 patients); total number: 20 patients.Outcome measuresPrimary outcome: Efficacy will be assessed by measuring the bacterial load from microbiology wound swabs for three consecutive days.Secondary outcomes: (1) The assessment of antimicrobial activity of AA and the minimum inhibitory concentrations. (2) Patient’s tolerance by assessing Visual Analogue Scale pain score. (3) Time to 95% wound healing of treatment area. (4) Patient’s perceived treatment allocation.Ethics and disseminationAceticA trial protocol was approved by the National Research Ethics Service (West Midlands—Edgbaston Research Ethics Committee; 17/WM/0407; IRAS 234132). This article refers to protocol version 5.0 dated 6 July 2020. The analysed results will be presented at national and international conferences related to management of burn patients. The generated articles based on the trial results will be submitted to peer review journals for publication.Trial registration numberISRCTN11636684.
Effects of preoperative mildly elevated pulmonary artery systolic pressure on the incidence of perioperative adverse events undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy: an observational cohort study protocol
Authors: Fu Yu , Gao Jiameng , Zhang Zhiyuan , Zhang Nan , Yu Jing , Chen Chang , Wen Zongmei 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionEchocardiography provides a non-invasive estimation of pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) and is the first diagnostic test for pulmonary hypertension. Recent studies have demonstrated that PASP of more than 30 mm Hg related to increased mortality and morbidity. However, perioperative risks and management for patients with mildly elevated PASP are not well established. This study aims to explore the association between mildly elevated PASP and perioperative adverse outcomes.Methods and analysisThis will be a retrospective cohort study conducted at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital in Shanghai, China. Eligible patients are adults (≥18 years) who performed preoperative echocardiography and followed thoracoscopic lobectomy. Our primary objective is to determine the effect of preoperative mildly elevated PASP on the incidence of hypotension during surgery. Whether mildly elevated PASP is related to other perioperative adverse events (including hypoxaemia, myocardial injury, new-onset atrial fibrillation, postoperative pulmonary complications, 30-day readmission and 30-day mortality) will be also analysed. An estimated 2300 patients will be included.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the institutional review board of Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital (approval No: 2022LY1143). The research findings intend to be published in peer-reviewed scientific publications.Trial registration numberChinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2200066679).
Concurrent trajectories of part-time work and sickness absence: a longitudinal cohort study over 11 years among shift working hospital employees
Authors: Ropponen Annina , Ervasti Jenni , Härmä Mikko 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesTo investigate the concurrent changes in part-time work and sickness absence (SA) in healthcare. Another aim was to investigate the role of age and sex on different concurrent trajectory groups.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingPublic hospital districts (n=10) and cities (n=11) in Finland.ParticipantsPayroll-based objective working hour data of the healthcare sector in Finland for 28 969 employees in 2008–2019 were used. The final sample included those working shifts with 3 consecutive years of data and without baseline (≥14 days) SA.Primary outcomesPart-time work (yes or no) and months of SA.MeasuresGroup-based trajectory modelling to identify concurrent changes in part-time work, and months of SA while controlling the time-variant amount of night work and multinomial regression models for relative risk (RR) with 95% CIs were used.ResultsFour-group trajectory model was the best solution: group 1 (61.2%) with full-time work and no SA, group 2 (16.9%) with slowly increasing probability of part-time work and low but mildly increasing SA, group 3 (17.6%) with increasing part-time work and no SA, and group 4 (4.3%) with fluctuating, increasing part-time work and highest and increasing levels of SA. Men had a lower (RR 0.49–0.75) and older age groups had a higher likelihood (RRs 1.32–3.79) of belonging to trajectory groups 2–4.ConclusionsMost of the sample were in the trajectory group with full-time work and no SA. The probability of part-time work increased over time, linked with concurrent low increase or no SA. A minor group of employees had both an increased probability of part-time work and SA. Part-time work and other solutions might merit attention to promote sustainable working life among healthcare employees.