bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enabling young elementary‐school children to ask questions on a school‐based internet forum operated by educational psychologists
Authors: Alkalay Sarit , Dolev Avivit 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe present study describes the successful operation of an online forum designed to answer questions posted by Israeli elementary‐school children during an emergency exercise. Analysis of 212 posts revealed that being younger predict higher levels of emotional intensity. Younger children are 3.561 times more likely than older children to have an increase in emotional intensity. Overall, the model accounted for 5.5% of the variance in emotional intensity. School‐based online forums may be used as a universal screening method to enable school staff to identify children exhibiting enhanced emotional intensity. Given the restrictions on face‐to‐face interactions that are occasionally necessitated by the worldwide COVID‐19 crisis, this approach is particularly relevant nowadays. Detailed appendices are provided to help plan, initiate, and run such forums.
Barriers to colonoscopy in UK colorectal cancer screening programmes: Qualitative interviews with ethnic minority groups
Authors: Kerrison Robert S. , Gil Natalie , Travis Elizabeth , Jones Robyn , Whitaker Katriina L. , Rees Colin , Duffy Stephen , von Wagner Christian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivePeople from ethnic minority backgrounds are less likely to attend colonoscopy, following faecal immunochemical test screening, and are more likely to be diagnosed with colorectal cancer at an advanced stage as a result. The aim of this research was to explore the barriers and facilitators to attending colonoscopy, perceived by ethnic minority groups living in the United Kingdom.MethodsSemi‐structured online and telephone interviews were conducted with thirty men and women of Black‐African (n = 5), Black‐Caribbean (n = 5), South Asian (n = 10) and White British (n = 10) descent. Participants were eligible for screening, but had not necessarily been invited for colonoscopy. All interviews were conducted in the participant's first language and were assessed using Framework‐analysis, in line with a conceptual framework developed from previous interviews with healthcare professionals.ResultsFive thematic groups of barriers and facilitators were developed: ‘Locus of control’, ‘Cultural attitudes and beliefs’, ‘Individual beliefs, knowledge and personal experiences with colonoscopy and cancer’, ‘Reliance on family and friends’ and ‘Health concerns’. Differences were observed, between ethnic groups, for: ‘Locus of control’, ‘Cultural attitudes and beliefs’ and ‘Reliance on family and friends’. Black and South Asian participants frequently described the decision to attend colonoscopy as lying with ‘God’ (Muslims, specifically), ‘the doctor’, or ‘family’ (Locus of control). Black and South Asian participants also reported relying on friends and family for ‘language, transport and emotional support’ (Reliance on family and friends). Black‐African participants, specifically, described cancer as ‘socially taboo’ (Cultural attitudes and beliefs).ConclusionsThe results highlight several targets for culturally‐tailored interventions to make colonoscopy more equitable.
Role of institutional quality on women's empowerment—A case of highly gender unequal Asian countries
Authors: Qaiser Hafsa , Rehman Hafeez ur , Arshed Noman 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEqual access to rights and opportunities for women and men is one of the indicators of women's empowerment. Classical economic growth models ignored gender differences in the labor force, but the literature now acknowledges the merits of equal participation of both genders in economic activities. This study investigates the determinants of gender equality as an instrument of women's empowerment. This study focused on Asian countries with a high gender gap in several domains. This lag in women's empowerment is hypothesized to be due to low‐quality institutions. The data for this investigation is compiled from World Development Indicators, Global Gender Gap reports, the Polity IV project, World Governance Indicators, and Human Development Reports. The Panel Feasible Generalized Least Squares results show that female unemployment and good governance tend to increase the gender gap in Asian countries, while Human Development Index, trade openness and democracy reduce the gender gap. This quantitative assessment is instrumental for policymakers in socially empowering women on equal terms with men in Asia.
Enhanced combustion characteristics of fuel‐rich propellant based on Al−Mg via GAP‐IPDI energetic thermoplastic polymer
Authors: Zhang Ximing , Jin Peng , Liu Wenhao , Li Tianqi , Liu Shuang , Yang Wu , Zhu Cong , Zheng Mengze , Luo Yunjun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this work, the energetic thermoplastic polymers were synthesized with different ratios of energetic prepolymer glycidyl azide (GAP) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), and used as the binder to prepare fuel‐rich propellants based on Al−Mg. The results showed that energetic thermoplastic polymer enabled the fuel‐rich propellant a faster flame spread, greater flame strength, and a stronger injection effect of metal droplets. The weight loss (Δm) of the propellants increased with GAP content, while the weight loss rate (Dmax) increased similarly. The Δm increased from 7.92 % to 9.86 % and Dmax from −0.23 % ⋅ °C−1 to −0.35 % ⋅ °C−1 in the range 100–256.5 °C. The propellant with the highest GAP content (85GAP‐Prop) had the lowest apparent activation energy (150.77 kJ ⋅ mol−1). The average pressure rate of 85GAP‐Prop burning in a closed bomb reached 7.67 MPa ⋅ s−1 and the maximum instantaneous pressure rate could reach 16.52 MPa ⋅ s−1, significantly higher than the other propellants. The combustion products analysis indicated that the higher GAP content in the GAP‐IPDI energetic thermoplastic polymer more significantly reduced the agglomeration of Al particles and improved the loosening of the combustion products. The rapid combustion gas generation characteristic and energy release of energetic thermoplastic polymer enhanced the combustion characteristics of the fuel‐rich propellant based on Al−Mg, which promoted dispersion level between the metal droplets. This work provides insight into the combustion principles and performance improvements of fuel‐rich propellant based on Al−Mg.
Improved Thermal Stability and Film Uniformity of Halide Perovskite by Confinement Effect brought by Polymer Chains of Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone
Authors: Wu Shuyue , Lin Siyuan , Shi Zhiqiang , Guo De'en , Huang Han , Zhou Xuefan , Zhang Dou , Zhou Kechao , Zhang Wenhao , Hu Yue , Zhou Conghua 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPolyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) is doped to PbI2 and organic salt during two‐step growth of halideperovskite. It is observed that PVP molecules can interact with both PbI2 and organic salt, reduce the aggregation and crystallization of the two, and then slow down the coarsening rate of perovskite. As doping concentration increases from 0 to 1 mM in organic salt, average crystallite size of perovskite decreases monotonously from 90 to 34 nm; Surface fluctuation reduces from 259.9 to 179.8 nm at first, and then increases; Similarly, surface roughness decreases from 45.55 to 26.64 nm at first, and then rises. Accordingly, a kind of “confinement effect” is resolved to crystallite growth and surface fluctuation/roughness, which helps to build compact and uniform perovskite film. Density of trap states (t‐DOS) is cut down by ≈60% at moderate doping (0.2 mM). Due to the “confinement effect”, power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells is improved from 19.46 (±2.80) % to 21.50 (±0.99) %, and further improved to 24.11% after surface modification. Meanwhile, “confinement effect” strengthens crystallite/grain boundaries and improves thermal stability of both film and device. T80 of device increases to 120 h, compared to 50 h for reference ones.
In Situ Detecting Thermal Stability of Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI)
Authors: Wu Jipeng , Weng Suting , Zhang Xiao , Sun Wenwu , Wu Wei , Wang Qiyu , Yu Xiqian , Chen Liquan , Wang Zhaoxiang , Wang Xuefeng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSolid electrolyte interphase (SEI) plays an important role in regulating the interfacial ion transfer and safety of Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). It is unstable and readily decomposed releasing much heat and gases and thus triggering thermal runaway. Herein, in situ heating X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy is applied to uncover the inherent thermal decomposition process of the SEI. The evolution of the composition, nanostructure, and the released gases are further probed by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, and gas chromatography. The results show that the organic components of SEI are readily decomposed even at room temperature, releasing some flammable gases (e.g., H2, CO, C2H4, etc.). The residual SEI after heat treatment is rich in inorganic components (e.g., Li2O, LiF, and Li2CO3), provides a nanostructure model for a beneficial SEI with enhanced stability. This work deepens the understanding of SEI intrinsic thermal stability, reveals its underlying relationship with the thermal runaway of LIBs, and enlightens to enhance the safety of LIBs by achieving inorganics‐rich SEI.
Neue Querschnitte von Stahlverbundbrücken – Teil 2: Ermüdungsfestigkeit des Anschlusses der stählernen Kragträger
Authors: Kraus Josef Karl , Erlemann Raphael , Geißler Karsten , Kuhlmann Ulrike 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBeim Neubau von Großbrücken in Stahlverbundbauweise werden heute zunehmend Stahlverbundhohlkästen mit Kragträgern entworfen. Zur Sicherstellung einer ermüdungssicheren Konstruktion sind für den Anschluss der Kragträger bisher teilweise konservative Festlegungen zu beachten, z. B. ein Blechdickenausgleich der Obergurte. Zur Optimierung der Detailausbildung, die Hunderte Male pro Bauwerk auszuführen ist, wurden Variantenuntersuchungen bezüglich Tragverhalten und Ermüdungssicherheit an Kragträgern als Doppel‐T‐Profil sowie als Hohlkasten durchgeführt. Zur Einstufung der resultierenden vereinfachten Ausführungsvarianten des Anschlusses in Kerbfälle des Nennspannungskonzepts wurden zahlreiche Ermüdungsversuche durchgeführt. Im Ergebnis stehen für den Obergurtanschluss mehrere hinsichtlich ihrer Ermüdungsfestigkeit abgestufte Konstruktions‐ und Bemessungsempfehlungen sowie für den Untergurtanschluss die Möglichkeit, die Auswirkung eines unplanmäßigen Achsversatzes auf die Ermüdungsfestigkeit dieses Kreuzstoßes zu quantifizieren.
In Vitro Digestibility and Physicochemical Properties of Huauzontle (Chenopodium nuttalliae) Starch
Authors: López‐Monterrubio Diana Itzel , Lobato‐Calleros Consuelo , Vernon‐Carter Eduardo Jaime , Alvarez‐Ramirez Jose 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHuauzontle is an undervalued and little‐studied pseudocereal crop whose seeds contain relatively high starch contents. There is scarce information on the structural, physicochemical, functional, and nutritional characteristics of native huauzontle starch (HS), and its modification has not been documented until today. HS is modified with citric acid (CA) and octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) to different degrees of substitution. HS starch granules are irregular, angular, and polygonal in shape, with almost smooth surfaces, and mean diameter of 1.37 ± 0.09 µm. The apparent amylose content of the CA and OSA‐modified starches is lower than for HS but increases as the degree of substitution of CA and OSA increases. Deconvolved FTIR spectra shows that the ratio 1047/1022 decreases in the modified starches with increasing CA and OSA concentrations, indicative that both treatments alter the chain packing and generate more amorphous regions. The resistant starch increases with the OSA‐modification, while the rapidly digestible starch increases with the CA‐modification. Native and OSA‐modified starches show higher pasting viscosities than the CA‐modified starch. CA‐ and OSA‐modified starches have an improved solubility, swelling power, and water retention capacity than HS. These results indicate that modified huauzontle starch presents highly desirable characteristics for its application in food.
A descriptive framework for academic listening pedagogy: An observational study
Authors: Lacroix Jennifer A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article reports on a case study that centers experienced language teachers as participants. To depict their instructional practices, the researcher employed grounded theory with open and axial coding design. To describe results, a listening experience framework was created that highlights the choices second language (L2) listening instructors make in what they explicitly ask their learners to listen to, reflect on, and respond to. Data analysis revealed that instructors spent far more class time offering strategies and instruction for adapted audio sources regardless of directionality than unadapted counterparts. Five percent of observed classes included a focused listening activity, but specific features of spoken language were not highlighted. Suggestions for a more systematic approach to L2 listening curriculum design and materials are shared.
Incidence of sex chromosome aneuploidy in a prenatal population: 27‐year longitudinal study in Northern Italy
Authors: Samango‐Sprouse C. A. , Grati F. R. , Brooks M. , Hamzik M. P. , Khaksari K. , Gropman A. , Taylor A. , Malvestiti F. , Grimi B. , Liuti R. , Milani S. , Chinetti S. , Trotta A. , Agrati C. , Repetti E. , Martin K. A. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe availability of cell‐free (cf) DNA as a prenatal screening tool affords an opportunity for non‐invasive identification of sex chromosome aneuploidy (SCA). The aims of this longitudinal study were to investigate the evolution and frequency of both invasive prenatal diagnostic testing, using amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling (CVS), and the detection of SCA in cfDNA samples from a large unselected cohort in Northern Italy.MethodsThe results of genetic testing from CVS and amniotic fluid samples received from public and private centers in Italy from 1995 to 2021 were collected. Chromosomal analysis was performed by routine Q‐banding karyotype. Regression analyses and descriptive statistics were used to determine population data trends regarding the frequency of prenatal diagnostic testing and the identification of SCA, and these were compared with the changes in indication for prenatal diagnostic tests and available screening options.ResultsOver a period of 27 years, there were 13 939 526 recorded births and 231 227 invasive procedures were performed, resulting in the prenatal diagnosis of 933 SCAs. After the commercial introduction of cfDNA use in 2015, the frequency of invasive procedures decreased significantly (P = 0.03), while the frequency of prenatal SCA detection increased significantly (P = 0.007). Between 2016 and 2021, a high‐risk cfDNA result was the indication for 31.4% of detected sex chromosome trisomies, second only to advanced maternal age.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the inclusion of SCA in prenatal cfDNA screening tests can increase the prenatal diagnosis of affected individuals. As the benefits of early ascertainment are increasingly recognized, it is essential that healthcare providers are equipped with comprehensive and evidence‐based information regarding the associated phenotypic differences and the availability of targeted effective interventions to improve neurodevelopmental and health outcomes for affected individuals. © 2023 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Multiligament stifle injury, a multicenter retrospective study in 26 dogs
Authors: Coppola Mario , Das Smita , Matthews George , Cantatore Matteo , Czopowicz M. , Silva Luis , McCarthy Jessica , Fernandez‐Salesa Nuria , Lafuente Pilar , Allan Ross , Meeson Richard , Addison Elena 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo describe multiligament stifle injury in dogs and report complications and long‐term outcomes.MethodsMedical records of dogs surgically treated for multiligament stifle injury were reviewed from six veterinary hospitals. Long‐term follow‐up was collected from referring veterinarians.ResultsTwenty‐six client‐owned dogs and 26 stifles were included. Road traffic accidents and limb entrapment were the most common causes of injury. Cranial cruciate and lateral collateral ligament rupture was the most common combination of injury (10 cases). The caudal cruciate ligament was damaged in 12/23 cases but was surgically addressed in only 2 cases. Cranial cruciate ligament rupture was present in all cases and was managed using TPLO (6 cases), extracapsular suture (15 cases) and TTA (2 cases). Postoperative immobilisation with a transarticular external skeletal fixator was used in 4/26 cases. Intraoperative complications were reported in 2/23 cases, short‐term complications in 17/25 cases, of which eight were major, and long‐term complications in 7/18, of which two were major. Patella luxation was seen in one case and is a previously unreported complication. The overall outcome was excellent in 9/24 cases, good in 5/24 cases, fair in 7/24 cases and poor in 3/24 cases. Follow‐up time ranged from 1.5 months to 9 years with the median (IQR) of 9.5 (4.0 to 28.5) months.ConclusionsMultiligament stifle injury in dogs is associated with a high rate of major complications. The overall outcome was good to excellent in just over half of the dogs.
Drought assessment and rainfall trend analysis in southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Obateru Rotimi Oluseyi , Adeyefa Adewale O. , Fashae Olutoyin Adeola 
Published: March 2023

AbstractProlonged instability and insufficiency of rainfall resulting in drought, extreme weather events, and food insecurity are climate change‐related challenges bedeviling humanity. This study assessed drought conditions and rainfall trends in southwestern Nigeria, using the 1984–2014 rainfall dataset from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET). The coefficient of variation (CV), long‐term standardized precipitation index (SPI), serial correlation test, Mann–Kendall trend analysis, Sens's slope estimation, and Pettit test were carried out using various R programming packages. Long‐term mean annual rainfall ranged between 1224.7 and 1537.1 mm. The highest variation (17.3%) was observed for Abeokuta and Ikeja. SPI analysis revealed Ibadan and Oshogbo as the driest and wettest stations, respectively. There was no serial autocorrelation in the dataset. The Mann–Kendall trend showed an upward rainfall trend for Abeokuta, Ibadan, and Ikeja and a downward trend for Akure and Oshogbo. Sen's slope annual rates of change in mm for Abeokuta, Akure, Ibadan, Ikeja, and Oshogbo are 6.69, −2.36, 2.07, 7.82, and 1.42 respectively. The Pettit test revealed change points that are not statistically significant. The drought assessment largely showed a cyclical SPI pattern with greater years of dryness. Given the increasing impact of climate change, future studies are needed to simulate the local drivers of drought severity and frequency and the changing rainfall pattern in rapidly urbanizing cities. There is also the need to incorporate climate‐related adaptive strategies in existing water management policies.
The Hierarchical Model for Response Times: Advantages, Limitations, and Risks of Its Use in Measurement Practice
Authors: Tijmstra Jesper , Bolsinova Maria 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWith the advance of computerized testing in educational and psychological measurement, the availability of response time data is becoming commonplace, and practitioners are faced with the question if and how they should incorporate this information into their measurement models. For this purpose, the use of the hierarchical model is often considered, which promises to improve the precision of measurement and has various other appealing properties. However, practitioners also need to be aware of the several limitations and risks involved when using this model, which have been covered less extensively in the literature. This chapter covers both the advantages and disadvantages of using the hierarchical model, to allow practitioners to form a balanced assessment of the potential use of the hierarchical model for their testing application.
Alexandrov’s Theorem for Anisotropic Capillary Hypersurfaces in the Half-Space
Authors: Jia Xiaohan , Wang Guofang , Xia Chao , Zhang Xuwen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we show that any embedded capillary hypersurface in the half-space with anisotropic constant mean curvature is a truncated Wulff shape. This extends Wente’s result (Pac J Math 88:387–397, 1980.https://doi.org/10.2140/pjm.1980.88.387) to the anisotropic case and He–Li–Ma–Ge’s result (Indiana Univ Math J 58(2):853–868, 2009.https://doi.org/10.1512/iumj.2009.58.3515) to the capillary boundary case. The main ingredients in the proof are a new Heintze-Karcher inequality and a new Minkowski formula, which have their own interest.
Prosthetic orientation, limb alignment, and soft tissue balance with bi-cruciate stabilized total knee arthroplasty: a comparison between the handheld robot and conventional techniques
Authors: Matsumoto Tomoyuki , Nakano Naoki , Hayashi Shinya , Takayama Koji , Maeda Toshihisa , Ishida Kazunari , Kuroda Yuichi , Matsushita Takehiko , Niikura Takahiro , Muratsu Hirotsugu , Kuroda Ryosuke 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to examine the prosthetic orientations, limb alignment, intraoperative soft tissue balance, and early clinical outcomes associated with the use of the relatively new handheld robot technique compared to those associated with the use of the conventional alignment guide for bi-cruciate stabilized total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods
This retrospective cohort study compared the prosthetic orientation and limb alignment of 35 patients who underwent TKA using robotic assistance (robot group) with those of patients who underwent TKA using a conventional alignment guide (control group). The coronal femoral component alignment (FCA), coronal tibial component alignment (TCA), and the hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle were compared between groups. Intraoperative soft tissue balance, including the joint component gap and varus/valgus balance assessed by an offset-type tensor, were also compared between groups. One year postoperatively, the clinical outcomes, including the range of motion and 2011 Knee Society Score (KSS), were compared between groups.

Results
The HKA angle and FCA were 0.1° varus and 0.1° varus, respectively, in the robot group and 1.3° varus and 1.3° varus, respectively, in the control group. The difference in the HKA angle and the FCA, but not the TCA, between groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The intraoperative soft tissue balance showed more stable joint component gaps and varus/valgus balances throughout the range of motion in the robot group than in the control group. Clinical outcomes of the robot group showed superior 2011 KSS subscales compared to those of the control group.

Conclusion
The accuracy of the implantations and stable soft tissue balance in the robot group were superior to those of the control group. The robot group also had superior patient-reported scores for early clinical outcomes.