bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multi‐loads capacitive power transfer system for railway intelligent monitoring systems based on single relay plate
Authors: Zhang Yiming , Luo Bo , Cheng Hao , Wang Zhuling , Jiang Chaoqiang , Mai Ruikun 
Published: August 2023

SummaryThis paper proposes a multi‐loads capacitive power transfer (CPT) system based on a single relay plate for railway monitoring systems. The proposed system can supply power wirelessly to the monitoring system on the trackside and train carriages simultaneously to eliminate traditional power cables connection and prevent frequent battery replacement. Unlike the traditional multiple loads CPT systems, the proposed system uses only one relay plate, which is more stable and uncomplicated considering the coupler installation space and moving dynamically in the railway system. The proposed system adopts a CL‐LCLC‐CL compensation network to achieve a load‐independent output. The limitation of the charging load quantity is given in detail considering the coupler voltage stress distribution. An experimental prototype with three loads is also built to verify the effectiveness of the proposed system. Experimental results show that the proposed system achieves wireless power transfer to multiple loads simultaneously with two loads on the receiver and one on the repeater side. The load‐independent property is also achieved when two loads are removed. The maximum experimental efficiency is about 87.13%.
Identification of metal–air batteries from water energy harvesters
Authors: Xu Xiaote , Yang Xiaodan , Zhang Zhuomin , Hong Ying , Liu Shiyuan , Shan Yao , Peng Zehua , Wang Siyuan , Yao Xi , Yang Zhengbao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCapillary‐enabled water energy harvesters (WEHs) are capable of generating direct‐current electricity continuously. However, active‐metal electrodes can introduce metal–air batteries in these WEHs. Given the nearly identical device structures and output characteristics of these two technologies, it is essential to distinguish between them. Herein, we present a systematic study of the water‐activated metal–air battery (WMB) through theoretical analyses and experimental verifications. We conclude the general formation rules of the WMB from a material and device‐structure perspective. Furthermore, we provide a comparative summary of various WEHs and WMBs for easy identification. We aim to improve the comprehension of metal–air batteries in the field of WEHs and assist in distinguishing between these technologies.
Impacts of ocean warming on echinoderms: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Lang Bethan J. , Donelson Jennifer M. , Bairos‐Novak Kevin R. , Wheeler Carolyn R. , Caballes Ciemon F. , Uthicke Sven , Pratchett Morgan S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRising ocean temperatures are threatening marine species and populations worldwide, and ectothermic taxa are particularly vulnerable. Echinoderms are an ecologically important phylum of marine ectotherms and shifts in their population dynamics can have profound impacts on the marine environment. The effects of warming on echinoderms are highly variable across controlled laboratory‐based studies. Accordingly, synthesis of these studies will facilitate the better understanding of broad patterns in responses of echinoderms to ocean warming. Herein, a meta‐analysis incorporating the results of 85 studies (710 individual responses) is presented, exploring the effects of warming on various performance predictors. The mean responses of echinoderms to all magnitudes of warming were compared across multiple biological responses, ontogenetic life stages, taxonomic classes, and regions, facilitated by multivariate linear mixed effects models. Further models were conducted, which only incorporated responses to warming greater than the projected end‐of‐century mean annual temperatures at the collection sites. This meta‐analysis provides evidence that ocean warming will generally accelerate metabolic rate (+32%) and reduce survival (−35%) in echinoderms, and echinoderms from subtropical (−9%) and tropical (−8%) regions will be the most vulnerable. The relatively high vulnerability of echinoderm larvae to warming (−20%) indicates that this life stage may be a significant developmental bottleneck in the near‐future, likely reducing successful recruitment into populations. Furthermore, asteroids appear to be the class of echinoderms that are most negatively affected by elevated temperature (−30%). When considering only responses to magnitudes of warming representative of end‐of‐century climate change projections, the negative impacts on asteroids, tropical species and juveniles were exacerbated (−51%, −34% and −40% respectively). The results of these analyses enable better predictions of how keystone and invasive echinoderm species may perform in a warmer ocean, and the possible consequences for populations, communities and ecosystems.
Library preparation method and DNA source influence endogenous DNA recovery from 100‐year‐old avian museum specimens
Authors: Settlecowski Amie E. , Marks Ben D. , Manthey Joseph D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMuseum specimens collected prior to cryogenic tissue storage are increasingly being used as genetic resources, and though high‐throughput sequencing is becoming more cost‐efficient, whole genome sequencing (WGS) of historical DNA (hDNA) remains inefficient and costly due to its short fragment sizes and high loads of exogenous DNA, among other factors. It is also unclear how sequencing efficiency is influenced by DNA sources. We aimed to identify the most efficient method and DNA source for collecting WGS data from avian museum specimens. We analyzed low‐coverage WGS from 60 DNA libraries prepared from four American Robin (Turdus migratorius) and four Abyssinian Thrush (Turdus abyssinicus) specimens collected in the 1920s. We compared DNA source (toepad versus incision‐line skin clip) and three library preparation methods: (1) double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA), single tube (KAPA); (2) single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA), multi‐tube (IDT); and (3) ssDNA, single tube (Claret Bioscience). We found that the ssDNA, multi‐tube method resulted in significantly greater endogenous DNA content, average read length, and sequencing efficiency than the other tested methods. We also tested whether a predigestion step reduced exogenous DNA in libraries from one specimen per species and found promising results that warrant further study. The ~10% increase in average sequencing efficiency of the best‐performing method over a commonly implemented dsDNA library preparation method has the potential to significantly increase WGS coverage of hDNA from bird specimens. Future work should evaluate the threshold for specimen age at which these results hold and how the combination of library preparation method and DNA source influence WGS in other taxa.
An integrated spatial capture–recapture approach reveals the distribution of a cryptic carnivore in a protected area
Authors: Martin Marie E. , Green David S. , Garrison Dustin , Hartman Jennifer , Jackson Breeanne K. , Mackey Heather , McDonald Mike A. , Smith B. Heath , Smith Tessa R. , Vanderzwan Stevi L. , Stock Sarah L. , Sacks Benjamin N. , Matthews Sean M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractQuantifying animal abundance, density, and distributions affords the opportunity to understand the effects of landscape structure and change on species of conservation interest, but estimating these parameters can be difficult for rare and cryptic species. Noninvasive sampling methods, such as remote cameras or scat DNA, can mitigate the challenges of studying rare and cryptic species while also minimizing effects on species of conservation interest or concern. Data derived from these methods can be integrated into robust, contemporary quantitative methods, including spatial capture–recapture (SCR) models, which provide a hierarchical framework for jointly estimating animal abundance, distribution, and, consequently, density. Herein, we developed an integrated SCR model to estimate the abundance, density, and distribution of a large carnivore of conservation interest, the cougar (Puma concolor), in a rugged and remote protected area, Yosemite National Park, California, USA. We combined spatial encounter data from DNA‐based individual identification of scats with detection count data derived from remote cameras to estimate cougar density and detection probability in Yosemite. We further estimated how cougar density and detection probability varied as a result of vegetation, topography, anthropogenic and natural linear features, and survey effort. Using data collected in 2019 and 2020, we estimated a median of 31 (SD = 3.96, 95% credible intervals = 24–39) cougars in Yosemite across the two years, with higher densities associated with productive, vegetated areas. We found detection probability by scent detection teams was higher for females than males and positively correlated with survey effort, proximity to trails, and distance farther from roads and streams. Our study illustrates the utility of noninvasive survey methods that yield individual identities in rugged and remote environments, where capture and handling of cryptic, low‐density animals is logistically challenging and cost prohibitive. Integrated modeling approaches, as used here, allow ecologists to leverage empirical data using a robust quantitative framework that can effectively address conservation objectives. Through this work, we demonstrate the importance of large, contiguous, and heterogeneous ecosystems to the ecology of wide‐ranging species that occur in dynamic landscapes.
Interaction of hemlock woolly adelgid populations with host tree health drives population oscillations
Authors: Thompson Hannah M. , McAvoy Thomas J. , Wiggins Gregory , Salom Scott M. , Lenhart Suzanne 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAdelges tsugae Annand, the hemlock woolly adelgid, is an invasive insect pest of Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carriere, eastern hemlock, in the eastern United States. An A. tsugae infestation often results in the death of T. canadensis within years and has caused significant changes to hemlock forests. Cycles in T. canadensis health and A. tsugae densities seem to be an important feature in A. tsugae population dynamics in the eastern United States. To investigate mechanisms leading to such cycles, we construct a model composed of systems of ordinary differential equations with time‐dependent parameters to represent seasonality. The model captures the coupled cycles in T. canadensis health and A. tsugae density. We use field data from Virginia to develop the model and to perform parameter estimation. The mechanisms we represent in the model include an A. tsugae density‐dependent T. canadensis growth rate, a T. canadensis health‐dependent A. tsugae mortality rate, and a density‐dependent A. tsugae mortality rate, which produce cycles in T. canadensis health and A. tsugae density commonly seen with the A. tsugae system in the eastern United States. We test sets of initial conditions to determine the scenarios that will likely lead to T. canadensis mortality and explore longer term dynamics of the system. In general, low and high T. canadensis health initial condition values result in likely T. canadensis mortality while T. canadensis with medium health initial condition values are predicted to survive.
Chemical Upcycling of Polyolefins through C−H Functionalization
Authors: Zhao Yinsong , Li Daoji , Jiang Xuefeng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPolyolefins consist of abundant hydrophobic C−C and C−H bonds, and are considered as immensely potential untapped resources. Chemical upcycling offers a convenient and promising recycling strategy of polyolefins to produce newly‐functionalized polymeric materials, and high‐value added chemicals. The significant progress made in C−H functionalization reactions of alkane molecules provides new opportunities for improving polyolefin treatments. This review focuses on recent advancements in post‐modification routes, specifically the introduction of C−C and C−X (X=O, N, S, halogens and etc.) bonds onto polyolefin chain backbones, as well as degradation models involving homogeneous C−H functionalization. By emphasizing these developments, we aim to highlight the potential of chemical upcycling for enhancing the treatment of polyolefins.
Mechanochemical Suzuki‐Miyaura Cross‐Coupling with Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent as Liquid‐Assisted Grinding Additive: Merging Two Fields for a Greener Strategy
Authors: Thiery Emilie , Delaye Pierre‐Olivier , Thibonnet Jérôme , Boudesocque‐Delaye Leslie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe use of volatile solvents for organic synthesis is nowadays questioned due to their negative impact on the environnement. To develop sustainable and environmentally friendly methodologies, we propose to combine two green chemistry concepts: the use of bioinspired solvents: natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES), and mechanochemistry. Using the Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling as a model reaction, we described an efficient mechanochemical method with NaDES as a LAG (liquid‐assisted grinding) additive with short reaction times and without any ligand or additional heating. A mechanochemical extraction was also used to reduce the amounts of extraction solvents and the total time of the synthesis process.
Wide bedrock valley development and sensitivity to environmental perturbations: Insights from flume experiments in erodible bedrock
Authors: Langston Abigail L. , Robertson Clay H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWide bedrock valleys and their genetic descendants, strath terraces, can serve as morphological records of past climate that reflect river discharge and sediment load during periods of valley widening. Understanding how changes in sediment load and water discharge create such distinct morphological features is limited by a lack of robust understanding of the specific processes of bedrock valley widening. We present results from the first set of flume experiments specifically devoted to exploring the conditions necessary to create wide bedrock valleys and how bedrock valleys develop through time. We ran six experiments in a weak bedrock substrate representing valley widening in an easily erodible bedrock, with differing amounts of water discharge, sediment load and base level fall. We evaluated valley width, valley wall height, channel mobility, lateral and vertical bed incision and sediment cover on the bed to explore the conditions necessary for the development of wide bedrock valleys and better understand the processes that affect valley widening rates. The results of the experiments show that wide bedrock valleys developed slowly and only under long periods of high sediment conditions, while vertical incision occurred much faster and was easily induced under different forcing mechanisms. We found that high sediment flux, enough to cover the channel bed, was a necessary condition for substantial valley widening. However, sediment cover on the bed was not by itself a sufficient condition to create wide bedrock valleys in our experiments; other factors were also required, particularly mobile channels within the valleys and some channel curvature to induce lateral undercutting. The results from this set of experiments suggest that the creation of wide bedrock valleys has several necessary conditions that must be met, and the development of a wide bedrock valley can be disrupted by slight changes in one of these necessary conditions.
A statistical approach for the correlation between Cerchar Abrasivity Index and Uniaxial Compressive Strength of rocks
Authors: Di Giovanni Alfio , Todaro Carmine , Cardu Marilena 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn any underground excavation project, choosing the best excavation technique and careful preliminary assessments of wear costs and production rates are crucial aspects to consider. The production rate and costs of tools, as well as the frequency of tool replacement, deeply affect the duration and cost‐effectiveness of the whole project. Among the rock‐specific characteristics affecting tool wear, Cerchar abrasivity index (CAI) and uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) play an important role. In this article, the relationship between these two parameters was examined by regression analyses for 237 different rocks with the aim to define a preliminary and expected wear potential of three groups of rocks: sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous rocks. The analysis of the results showed that 86 % of the igneous rocks analysed have a CAI > 2, which is a medium or high level of abrasiveness. In sedimentary rocks, over 70 % of the samples are characterised by low abrasiveness behaviour (CAI < 2). Results obtained for these rocks can represent an instrument for predicting the abrasiveness potential of a rock when the UCS is known associating it with an expected range value of CAI. Metamorphic rocks, on the other hand, cannot be classified in specific ranges of UCS and CAI. For this rock group, therefore, a univocal tool for forecasting could not have been obtained, but analyses of rock type and quartz content show that the mineralogical content cannot be considered the only parameter for a wear analysis.
Umfahrung Weyer – Tunnelbau im Lockergestein unter Bebauung
Authors: Plöderl Roman , Hofer Georg , Steiner Peter , Dumböck Wolfram 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe small town of Weyer is located in Upper Austria on the B121 Weyerer Straße. The B121 leads through the historic market square of Weyer, which is characterised by confusing bottlenecks that can only be passed in one lane. For decades, these bottlenecks have caused congestion, mainly due to heavy traffic. For residents, the burden of air pollution and noise is high. The roads department of the Upper Austrian Government has been planning the construction of a bypass for many years. Construction finally started in the summer of 2022. The Weyer bypass construction lot is 1.2 km long and includes the construction of two NATM tunnels, a vertical escape shaft, a bridge over the river Dürnbach, two roundabouts, and one traffic junction. The tunnel construction works are carried out in urban areas, in loose material with little overburden and partly under existing buildings. These boundary conditions make the project a challenge for all involved at every stage.
The interaction between instrumental activities of daily living and dual sensory function on cognition among the elderly in China: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Liang Heting , Jiang Zhixia , Yang Xiaoling , Li Shuang , Zhao Xiaoling , Dai Yongya , Liu Siqin , Zhang Yumeng , Yuan Xiaoli 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo explore the interaction of instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) and dual sensory function on cognition in the elderly. A cross‐sectional survey was conducted in six general hospitals in China, from October 2022 to December 2022. Data collection included general information, IADLs scale, self‐reported sensory function questionnaire, and mini‐mental state examination (MMSE). Binary logistic regression was used to examine the association between factors and cognition. The interactive effect was evaluated by synergy index (S), relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), and attributable proportion due to interaction (AP). The odds ratio (OR) of IADLs decline in cognition is 4.412 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.633–5.358, p < 0.001); the OR of dual sensory difficulty on cognition is 2.502 (95% CI: 1.272–4.921, p = 0.008). The OR of interaction between IADLs decline and dual sensory difficulty on cognition is 13.737 (95% CI: 9.726–19.400, p < 0.001). RERI (95% CI) = 7.823 (3.230–12.417), AP (95% CI) = 0.570 (0.392–0.747), S (95% CI) = 2.593 (1.616–4.160). IADLs decline and dual sensory difficulty are associated with cognitive decline. IADLs decline and dual sensory difficulty have interaction with cognitive decline; the interaction is greater than the sum effect of those two on cognitive decline independently. Sensory and IADLs assessment can be used as early screening items for cognition among the elderly. In addition, protecting sensory function and maintaining IADLs in the elderly can help protect their cognition.
PRECORSE study: Seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in the first trimester of pregnancy during the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic and subsequent pregnancy complications—A cohort study
Authors: Aquise Adriana , Rayo Nieves , Fernández‐Buhigas Irene , Alfonso Ana , Pagola Natalia , Rodriguez Miguel , de Miguel Laura , Santacruz Irene , Valor Santiago , Poon Liona C. , Gil María M. , Santacruz Belén 
Published: August 2023

SynopsisThe seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 among first‐trimester pregnant women January 1 to May 15, 2020, was 8.2%. There were no significant differences in complications in seropositive women.
Triglyceride‐glucose index (TyG index) and endometrial carcinoma risk: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shi Haimeng , Guo Feifei , Zheng Kang , Li Rong , Zhou Huaijun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe analyzed the association between the triglyceride‐glucose index (TyG index) and incident endometrial carcinogenesis, aiming to determine whether the TyG index is a promising predictive biomarker for endometrial carcinoma (EC).MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between TyG index and EC incidence and progression. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to calculate the area under the curve (AUC), as well as the cut‐off value of the TyG index for EC incidence.ResultsThe TyG index was significantly higher in patients with EC or endometrial atypical hyperplasia (EAH) than in those with normal endometrium (P < 0.001). A continuous rise was observed in the incidence of EC and EAH among the tertiles of the TyG index (P < 0.001). The multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the TyG index was associated with EC and EAH risk after adjusting for potential confounding factors (EAH: odds ratio [OR] 2.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.33–4.85, P = 0.005; EC: OR 2.65, 95% CI 1.60–4.41, P < 0.001). Moreover, high TyG index was positively associated with advanced pathological stage (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.32–3.47, P = 0.002) and poorer differentiation (OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.36–4.72, P = 0.004).ConclusionThe TyG index might be a promising biomarker for endometrial carcinogenesis. Subjects with a higher TyG index should be aware of the risk of EC incidence and progression.
Intrauterine device experience in lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, pansexual, and asexual cisgender women
Authors: Abern Lauren , Collins Elizabeth , Krempasky Chance , Diego Daniela , Kiely Kristen , De Guzman Glendell , Maguire Karla 
Published: August 2023

SynopsisProviders should not overlook counseling LGBQPA cisgender women about the benefits of an IUD given their risk of unplanned pregnancy and desire for menstrual suppression.
The mechanism of copper homeostasis and its role in disease
Authors: Li Yunhui , Liang Jing , Chen Yuan , Wang Yajie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCopper (Cuprum) is an essential trace metal indispensable for the function of numerous enzymatic molecules implicated in cellular metabolism. Emerging evidence has demonstrated the role of copper in angiogenesis and cellular signaling. Moreover, raised copper levels have been detected in hepatocellular carcinoma and other cancers. An inherited or acquired copper imbalance, including inadequately low or excessively high copper levels, as well as inappropriate copper distribution in the body, is implicated in a number of diseases. In addition, a recent groundbreaking study identified a copper‐induced type of programmed cell death named cuprotosis, the mechanism of which greatly deferred from that of other known cell death modes. The first part provides an overview of the regulation of copper homeostasis and discusses the underlying mechanisms of cuprotosis. In the second part, the authors focus on the functions of copper in liver diseases and other metabolic disorders, before discussing how this knowledge could contribute to the development of effective targets to treat such diseases.