bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning Classification of Psychiatric Data Associated with Compensation Claims for Patient Injuries
Authors: Juhola Martti , Nikkanen Tommi , Niemi Juho , Welling Maiju , Kampman Olli 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background Adverse events are common in health care. In psychiatric treatment, compensation claims for patient injuries appear to be less common than in other medical specialties. The most common types of patient injury claims in psychiatry include diagnostic flaws, unprevented suicide, or coercive treatment deemed as unnecessary or harmful.
Objectives The objective was to study whether it is possible to form different categories of patient injury types associated with the psychiatric evaluations of compensation claims and to base machine learning classification on these categories. Further, the binary classification of positive and negative decisions for compensation claims was the other objective.
Methods Finnish psychiatric specialist evaluations for the compensation claims of patient injuries were classified into six different categories called classes applying the machine learning methods of artificial intelligence. In addition, another classification of the same data into two classes was performed to test whether it was possible to classify data cases according to their known decisions, either accepted or declined compensation claim.
Results The former classification task produced relatively good classification results subject to separating between different classes. Instead, the latter was more complex. However, classification accuracies of both tasks could be improved by using the generation of artificial data cases in the preprocessing phase before classifications. This preprocessing improved the classification accuracy of six classes up to 88% when the method of random forests was used for classification and that of the binary classification to 89%.
Conclusion The results show that the objectives defined were possible to solve reasonably.
Variability or its loss in creole endangerment
Authors: Lee Nala H. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA language’s endangerment is said to be typified by variation accompanied by some degree of unpredictability. This paper examines if this characterization is appropriate of Baba Malay, an endangered creole, as it is spoken in Singapore. Recent work suggests that the language is much less variable than one expects of a creole. A comparison between historical Baba Malay material and newer Baba Malay material, focusing on the language’s pronominal system, and aspectual and tense system, demonstrates that this is indeed the case. Such variation or an increasing lack of it is not unpredictable, stemming not only from natural language change, but also from changes in the language’s socio-environment. Increasing lack of proficiency in the component languages and a desire among speakers to distinguish themselves from speakers of the lexifier variety may explain some loss in Baba Malay’s variability.
Variability in clusters and continuums
Authors: Gonzales Wilkinson Daniel Wong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study explores the sociolinguistic situation of a
metropolitan Manila Lannang community based on data gathered between 2017 and
2020. A survey was administered to 117 individuals to probe into various
dimensions of self-reported language use (e.g., proficiency, confidence) and
attitudes (e.g., pride). The results show that, among the Lannangs, there is a
range of language use and attitudes, with age and other social factors such as
identity impacting the scope of this variability. This variability appears to
progress along a continuum in some areas, while forming cluster patterns in
others. An examination of the contemporary data alongside data from
investigations done in the late 1980s and 1990s reveals some disparities,
pointing to generational shifts in language use. The findings demonstrate that
the sociolinguistic situation of the Manila Lannang community is unique,
dynamic, and complex, enabling us to gain some insights and a nuanced view of
the sociolinguistic landscape of the broader Asia-Pacific region.
The creativity and limitations of AI neural machine translation
Authors: Hu Kaibao , Li Xiaoqian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study examines the performance of the neural machine translation system DeepL in translating Shakespeare’s
plays Coriolanus and The Merchant of Venice. The aim here is to explore the strengths and
limitations of an AI-based English-Chinese translation of literary texts. Adopting a corpus-based approach, the study investigates
the accuracy and fluency rates, the linguistic features, and the use of various methods of translation in the Chinese translations
of Shakespeare’s plays conducted via DeepL. It compares these to the translations by Liang Shiqiu, a well-known Chinese
translator. The study finds that DeepL performs well in translating these works, with an accuracy and fluency rate of above 80% in
sampled texts, showing the potential of the use of neural machine translation in translating literary texts across distant
languages. Our research further reveals that the DeepL translations exhibit a certain degree of creativity in their use of
translation methods such as addition, explicitation, conversion and shift of perspective, and in the use of Chinese sentence-final
modal particles, as well as Chinese modal verbs. On the other hand, the system appears to be limited in that a certain amount of
translation errors are present, including literal translations.
The cognate continuum
Authors: Strangmann Iris M. , Antolovic Katarina , Hansen Pernille , Simonsen Hanne Gram 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCognates, words that are similar in form and meaning across two languages, form compelling test cases for bilingual access and representation. Overwhelmingly, cognate pairs are subjectively selected in a categorical either- or manner, often with criteria and modality unspecified. Yet the few studies that take a more nuanced approach, selecting cognate pairs along a continuum of overlap, show interesting, albeit somewhat divergent results. This study compares three measures that quantify cognateness continuously to obtain modality-specific cognate scores for the same set of Norwegian-English word-translation pairs: (1) Researcher Intuitions – bilingual researchers rate the degree of overlap between the paired words, (2) Levenshtein Distance – an algorithm that computes overlap between word pairs, and (3) Translation Elicitation – English-speaking monolinguals guess what Norwegian words mean. Results demonstrate that cognateness can be ranked on a continuum and reveal measure and modality-specific effects. Orthographic presentation yields higher cognateness status than auditory presentation overall. Though all three measures intercorrelated moderately to highly, Researcher Intuitions demonstrated a bimodal distribution, yielding scores on the high and low end of the spectrum, consistent with the common categorical approach in the field. Levenshtein Distance would be preferred for fine-grained distinctions along the continuum of form overlap.
The emergence of the English dative alternation as a response to
system-wide changes
Authors: Zehentner Eva 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter revisits the much-discussed question whether a causal
relationship holds between several changes observed in the history of
English; these are (a) the increasing use of prepositional patterns, (b) the
loss of nominal case marking, and (c) the fixation of constituent order.
Located within the same time-period, namely Middle English, there is
relatively broad consensus that the processes are correlated. However, the
extent and directionality of causation is highly debated. This chapter
addresses this issue by taking another look at a specific case study which
reflects all the changes: the history of the dative alternation. To add to
results from earlier corpus-based investigations on this development, the
emergence of the alternation is modelled by means of Evolutionary Game
Theory (EGT). Specifically, the study tests the hypothesis that the increase
of prepositional ditransitives and ultimately the dative alternation is a
consequence of case marking being lost and constituent order becoming fixed,
and discusses the potential benefits of taking an EGT approach to such
questions.
Dialectal ditransitive patterns in British English
Authors: Gerwin Johanna , Röthlisberger Melanie 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The present study weighs the effect of well-established
language-internal factors of the dative alternation such as animacy or
pronominality of the object phrases against language-external factors such
as origin of the speaker. For that purpose, the study samples three types of
dative variants (N = 7,070) from six regional dialects in
the UK, namely the canonical prepositional and double object constructions
as well as the alternative double object construction (e.g. Give it
me), using the Freiburg English Dialect Corpus (FRED) and the
British National Corpus (BNC). By applying a novel dialectometric approach
that uses conditional random forests, we compare the importance of
well-known predictors across these six regions and highlight two (political)
clusters that contrast England with Wales. Our study advances current
knowledge on regional variation in probabilistic grammars and highlights the
importance of including non-canonical variable patterns in the analysis.
Exploring variation in the dative alternation across World
Englishes
Authors: Röthlisberger Melanie 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The present chapter explores the variable nature of speakers’
(probabilistic) grammar by analysing variation in the English dative
alternation across World Englishes. While the numerous constraints that
impact the choice of variant are well-known, the extent to which the
regional variability of these constraints in specific registers or lexical
items can be generalized to the language as a whole has largely remained
understudied (but see, e.g., Bresnan and
Ford 2010; Röthlisberger,
Grafmiller, and Szmrecsanyi 2017). The current study takes a
comprehensive large-scale comparative perspective across nine varieties, 14
different registers and including 86 alternating verbs
(N = 13,171) to showcase how restrictions in the dataset
(e.g. to specific registers or verbs) can result in misleading
generalizations. Results of mixed-effects regression analyses indicate that
the factors regionally variable across the whole dataset might not be
regionally variable across specific registers. Thus, the present chapter not
only confirms the variable nature of probabilistic grammars but also
stresses the importance of combining an aggregate perspective with more
fine-grained analyses to grasp more fully the cross-lectal variability of
speakers’ grammatical knowledge.
Ditransitives in Faroese
Authors: Ussery Cherlon , Petersen Hjalmar P. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper examines the acceptability of the double object and
prepositional frames for ditransitives in Faroese. We build on previous
literature which has discussed various factors which may influence speakers’
use of one frame over the other. We report the findings of a judgment study
in which we examined the degree to which semantic properties of verbs and
length of the indirect object affect speakers’ acceptability of each frame.
Our findings suggest that verbal semantics affect the acceptability of the
prepositional construction, but not the double object construction. Our
findings, however, do not directly support a heavy-late effect, unlike what
has been reported in previous literature on Faroese (most notably by Fiebig 2012).
The Complexity Principle and lexical complexity in the English and Dutch
dative alternation1
Authors: Dubois Tanguy 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the effects of lexical complexity on the
choice of dative alternants in English and Dutch. The lexical complexity of
a given word is operationalized as being proportional to how quickly
speakers can retrieve it from their mental lexicon, for which I consult the
databases of recent megastudies (Keuleers, Diependaele, and Brysbaert 2010: 1). Following the
Complexity Principle (Rohdenburg 1996), which states that cognitively
complex environments favour the grammatically more explicit variant in
linguistic alternations, it could be expected that lexically complex
environments favour prepositional datives. However, the models suggest that
speakers’ choices are not particularly sensitive to the complexity of larger
linguistic environments. Instead speakers aim to place the lexically
easier constituent before the more complex one. This turns out to be one of
the strongest predictors in both languages.
Giving in English and Norwegian
Authors: Egan Thomas 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter investigates ditransitive constructions and their
prepositional dative alternates, containing the cognate verbs English
give and Norwegian gi, using data from
the English–Norwegian Parallel Corpus (Johansson 2007). The bi-directional nature of the corpus enables
us not only to compare the distribution of constructions in the original
texts in the two languages but also to investigate how individual tokens are
translated into the other language. The analysis shows that give
constructions in the two languages are remarkably similar in their semantics
and their distribution. There are, however, some differences, including the
greater incidence of light verb constructions in English, and a tendency for
Norwegian translators to employ a get construction with the
recipient recoded as subject rather than indirect/prepositional
object.
Acquiring feature-based ordering preferences in English
ditransitives
Authors: Bürkle Daniel 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The system of features affecting adults’ dative construction
choices in English is well established in recent research. Less is known
about how children might acquire this system. The two experiments in this
chapter add data to this question. They map out the effects of length,
animacy, and grammatical number on these choices in first language
acquisition. The first experiment combines an act-out task with eye-tracking
and finds that children as young as four years of age expect the
animate-before-inanimate order. The second experiment asks the same
participants to reproduce ditransitive sentences and finds that participants
reproduce sentences more easily if these conform to their ordering
preferences. These results suggest that the harmonic alignment evident in
dative ordering preferences is an epiphenomenon of cognitive ease.
Deep learning methods for partial differential equations and related parameter identification problems
Authors: Nganyu Tanyu Derick , Ning Jianfeng , Freudenberg Tom , Heilenkötter Nick , Rademacher Andreas , Iben Uwe , Maass Peter 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Recent years have witnessed a growth in mathematics for deep learning—which seeks a deeper understanding of the concepts of deep learning with mathematics and explores how to make it more robust—and deep learning for mathematics, where deep learning algorithms are used to solve problems in mathematics. The latter has popularised the field of scientific machine learning where deep learning is applied to problems in scientific computing. Specifically, more and more neural network (NN) architectures have been developed to solve specific classes of partial differential equations (PDEs). Such methods exploit properties that are inherent to PDEs and thus solve the PDEs better than standard feed-forward NNs, recurrent NNs, or convolutional neural networks. This has had a great impact in the area of mathematical modelling where parametric PDEs are widely used to model most natural and physical processes arising in science and engineering. In this work, we review such methods as well as their extensions for parametric studies and for solving the related inverse problems. We also show their relevance in various industrial applications.
Computational simulations of spatio—temporal plasma dynamics in a very high frequency capacitively coupled reactor
Authors: Upadhyay Rochan R 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The standing wave effect in Very High Frequency Capacitively Coupled Plasma (VHF CCP) reactors is a major cause of plasma non-uniformity. The nonlinearly excited higher harmonics exacerbate this non-uniformity. In this work we analyze the physical mechanisms of plasma—electromagnetic wave coupling in detail for a single RF cycle of the input electric field. We consider a simplified CCP reactor geometry operated at 100 mTorr and computationally simulate three cases where the bulk electron density increases from order 1015 m−3 to 1017 m−3. We see the appearance of higher harmonics in the B-dot signal with increasing bulk electron density in accordance with recent experimental measurements. By looking at the spatio-temporal variations of different quantities at a periodic steady state, we observe significant changes in the dynamics of current flow, electromagnetic power deposition and ionization rates within the reactor. In particular, as the electron density increases, we see that the current profile in the bulk plasma exhibits a re-circulation pattern that is correlated with the appearance of structural features in the B-dot signal seen in the measurements.
Spin torques and anomalous velocity in spin textures induced by fast electron injection from topological ferromagnets: The role of gauge fields
Authors: Bhattacharjee Satadeep , Lee Seung-Cheol 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A new method for analyzing magnetization dynamics in spin textures under the influence of fast electron injection from topological ferromagnetic sources such as Dirac half metals has been proposed. These electrons, traveling at a velocity v with a non-negligible value of

v

/

c

(where c is the speed of light), generate a non-equilibrium magnetization density in the spin-texture region, which is related to an electric dipole moment via relativistic interactions. When this resulting dipole moment interacts with gauge fields in the spin-texture region, an effective field is created that produces spin torques. These torques, like spin-orbit torques that occur when electrons are injected from a heavy metal into a ferromagnet, can display both damping-like and anti-damping-like properties. Finally, we demonstrate that such an interaction between the dipole moment and the gauge field introduces an anomalous velocity that can contribute to transverse electrical conductivity in the spin texture in a way comparable to the topological Hall effect.
Coexistence of normal and inverse magnetocaloric effect in inhomogeneous Ni95Cr5 layers
Authors: Alman Vidya , Annadi Anil , Khan M A , Singh Vidyadhar , Bohra Murtaza 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Understanding of the coexistence of normal and inverse magnetocaloric effects (MCE) makes it promising for use in magnetic cooling applications. This study discusses the selection of Ni95Cr5 layers and their expected magnetocaloric effects for an extended temperature range (200–800 K). These layers offer a wide range of suitable magnetic ordering temperatures as a function of thicknesses. A modified phenomenological model was used to estimate the entropy changes (

Δ

S

M

) and relative cooling power (RCP). Under adiabatic magnetic field variation, normal and inverse MCE are computed near the ferromagnetic-paramagnetic transition temperatures, T

C
and spin−glass transition temperatures, T

G
, respectively. Based on their

Δ

S

max

values (= −0.06 to 0.11 J kg−1-K−1) and RCP( = 7.6 to 15.5 J kg−1) at the smallest magnetic field of 0.5 kOe, which are comparable to other MCE layer materials. We provide evidence of a strong correlation between the change in magnetic anisotropy (measured in terms of MR/MS and HC) below T

G
, which subsequently leads to the reversal of

Δ

S

M

.

However, after annealing these effects somewhat vanish. The current study demonstrates that adjusting thickness, in addition to Cr doping, can externally regulate soft magnetic and magnetocaloric properties to create diverse magnetic ground states for future MCE and inverse MCE functionalities.
A Method of Superimposing Subapertures for Shark–Hartmann Wave Front Sensing with Faint Objects
Authors: Wu Xiaosong , Huang Linhai , Gu Naiting 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
For the astronomical adaptive optics systems, the observation condition is always in a regime of low photon flux. We present a method of superimposing subapertures for the Shark–Hartmann wave front sensing with faint objects. This approach significantly improves the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of the spot pattern by superimposing adjacent subapertures, thus circumventing the invalid wave front sensing with faint object, enhancing the accuracy of the wave front detection. In addition, we demonstrate that the validity of this approach is not an incidental result under a specific condition, which can be explained theoretically by exploiting the atmospheric turbulence model. Then we validate the approach with simulations and experimental realization under weak-light and bright-light conditions. Results show that the proposed subaperture superposition approach can achieve accurate wave front reconstruction for low S/N or faint object even in cases beyond the ability of conventional methods. It brings out a new idea, besides long exposure and variable sampling, that comes with a tradeoff between temporal sampling frequency and spatial resolution. In addition, this method is also valid for extended objects; we preliminarily validate this method on a 600 mm aperture solar telescope, achieving stable closed-loop control with lower-contrast objects.
1.7 μm all-fiber figure-9 mode-locked laser based on a fiber Bragg grating
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhang Peng , Fan Yunlong , Ning Yuzhu , He Shuang , Tong Shoufeng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Fiber lasers operating at 1.7 μm have very important applications in biomedicine, optical imaging, laser welding, optical communication and other fields because of their rich spectral characteristics in the near-infrared band. We designed and experimentally implemented a 1.7 μm all-fiber figure-9 (F9) mode-locked laser, with a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) acting as both the mirror and the spectrum filter. The all-fiber F9 design made the laser work in the mode-locking state more efficiently. We obtained mode-locked pulses with a central wavelength of 1724.76 nm and a repetition rate of 14.39 MHz when the pump power was 1.1 W, and the pulse width was about 54 ps. Limited by the bandwidth of the FBG, the 3 dB bandwidth of the mode-locked spectrum was about 0.18 nm. The output power was 52 mW at a pump power of 2.5 W. The multi-pulse dynamics were studied by adjusting the pump power and the polarization controllers, and pulse trains of up to six pulses in a group were achieved. The 1.7 μm narrow-bandwidth all-fiber F9 mode-locked laser is simple in structure and easy to build, with potential application as a seed source in high-energy ultrashort pulse lasers.
Solution of inverse problem for Gross-Pitaevskii equation with artificial neural networks
Authors: Pokatov S P , Ivanova T Yu , Ivanov D A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We propose an artificial neural network (ANN) design to solve the inverse problem for a 1D Gross–Pitaevskii equation (GPE). More precise, the ANN takes the squared modulus of the stationary GPE solution as an input and returns the parameters of the potential function and the factor in front of the GPE non-linear term. From the physical point of view the ANN predicts the parameters of a trap potential and the interaction constant of 1D Bose–Einstein condensate by its density distribution. Using the results of numerical solution of GPE for more than

30
000

sets of GPE parameters as train and validation datasets we build the ANN as a fast and accurate inverse GPE solver.