bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
metanetwork: A R package dedicated to handling and representing trophic metanetworks
Authors: Ohlmann Marc , Garnier Jimmy , Vuillon Laurent 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTrophic networks describe interactions between species at a given location and time. Due to environmental changes, anthropogenic perturbations or sampling effects, trophic networks may vary in space and time. The collection of network time series or networks in different sites thus constitutes a metanetwork. We present here the R packagemetanetwork, which will ease the representation, the exploration and analysis of trophic metanetwork data sets that are increasingly available. Our main methodological advance consists in suitable layout algorithm for trophic networks, which is based on trophic levels and dimension reduction in a graph diffusion kernel. In particular, it highlights relevant features of trophic networks (trophic levels, energetic channels). In addition, we developed tools to handle, compare visually and quantitatively and aggregate those networks. Static and dynamic visualisation functions have been developed to represent large networks. We apply our package workflow to several trophic network data sets.
Effects of drought, disturbance, and biotic neighborhood on experimental tree seedling performance
Authors: Ramage Benjamin S. , Johnson Daniel J. , Chan David M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractForest biodiversity is likely maintained by a complex suite of interacting drivers that vary in importance across both space and time. Contributing factors include disturbance, interannual variation in abiotic variables, and biotic neighborhood effects. To probe ongoing uncertainties and potential interactions, we investigated tree seedling performance in a temperate mid‐Atlantic forest ecosystem. We planted seedlings of five native tree species in mapped study plots, half of which were subjected to disturbance, and then monitored seedling survival, height growth, and foliar condition. The final year of data collection encompassed a drought, enabling comparison between intervals varying in water availability. Seedling performance was analyzed as a function of canopy cover and biotic neighborhood (conspecific and heterospecific abundance), including interactions, with separate generalized linear mixed models fit for each interval. All species exhibited: (a) pronounced declines in height growth during the drought year, (b) detrimental effects of adult conspecifics, and (c) beneficial effects of canopy openness. However, despite these consistencies, there was considerable variation across species in terms of the relevant predictors for each response variable in each interval. Our results suggest that drought may strengthen or reveal conspecific inhibition in some instances while weakening it or obscuring it in others, and that some forms of conspecific inhibition may manifest only under particular canopy conditions (although given the inconsistency of our findings, we are not convinced that conspecific inhibition is critical for diversity maintenance in our study system). Overall, our work reveals a complex forest ecosystem that appears simultaneously and interactively governed by biotic neighborhood structure (e.g., conspecific and/or heterospecific abundance), local habitat conditions (e.g., canopy cover), and interannual variability (e.g., drought).
Semiconductor piezoresistance prediction model for mechanical sensor design
Authors: Nakanishi Ryo , Morikawa Ryo , Kawai Masashi , Nakahara Takumi , Toriyama Toshiyuki 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper addresses semiconductor piezoresistive materials selection in MEMS engineering design. From the practical engineering point of view, it is important to understand piezoresistance properties of semiconductors even if less accuracy under feasibility design phase. However, piezoresistance is frequently analyzed based on first principle electronic band structure simulations by sophisticate physicists. Practical engineers not familiar with this simulation cannot directly apply useful information derived from the result of simulation. This paper provides practical prediction method for piezoresistance based on electronic band parameters obtained from the state‐of‐the‐art solid‐state physics. It is demonstrated that the crucial parameters which control the p‐type shear piezoresistance coefficient π44 in diamond and zinc‐blend single crystals are the inverse of square of bond length in unit cell atom, the square root of valence light hole mass, and the shear elastic compliance coefficient S44.
Fundamental evaluation of direct‐cooling technology for in‐wheel drive system
Authors: Suto Tetsuya , Ito Makoto , Takahashi Akeshi , Iwano Ryuichiro , Hara Takafumi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe are developing a small and lightweight direct‐drive system toward the realization of in‐wheel electric vehicles (EVs). To increase the power density of the motor, we developed a direct‐cooling motor that immersed the core, coils, and magnets in cooling oil and improved cooling efficiency. Moreover, we performed measurements of frictional loss, measurement of pressure drop, and a continuous heat‐run test on the test bench. The results demonstrated that direct cooling is effective and continuous operation can be achieved. Additionally, it was found that the coil temperature can be controlled by the flow rate of the cooling oil. In this paper, we report on the concept of direct cooling and the measurement results.
GPR109A expressed on medullary thymic epithelial cells affects thymic Treg development
Authors: Ni Duan , Tan Jian , Robert Remy , Taitz Jemma , Ge Anjie , Potier‐Villette Camille , Reyes Julen Gabirel Araneta , Spiteri Alanna , Wishart Claire , Mackay Charles , Piccio Laura , King Nicholas Jonathan Cole , Macia Laurence 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRegulatory T cells (Treg) maintain immune homeostasis due to their anti‐inflammatory functions. They can be generated either centrally in the thymus or in peripheral organs. Metabolites such as short‐chain fatty acids produced by intestinal microbiota can induce peripheral Treg differentiation, by activating G‐protein‐coupled‐receptors like GPR109A. In this study, we identified a novel role for GPR109A in thymic Treg development. We found that Gpr109a−/− mice had increased Treg under basal conditions in multiple organs compared with WT mice. GPR109A was not expressed on T cells but on medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs), as revealed by single‐cell RNA sequencing in both mice and humans and confirmed by flow cytometry in mice. mTECs isolated from Gpr109a−/− mice had higher expression of autoimmune regulator (AIRE), the key regulator of Treg development, while the subset of mTECs that did not express Gpr109a in the WT displayed increased Aire expression and also enhanced signaling related to mTEC functionality. Increased thymic Treg in Gpr109a−/− mice was associated with protection from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, with ameliorated clinical signs and reduced inflammation. This work identifies a novel role for GPR109A and possibly the gut microbiota, on thymic Treg development via its regulation of mTECs.
Levamisole suppresses activation and proliferation of human T cells by the induction of a p53‐dependent DNA damage response
Authors: Khan Gerarda H. , Veltkamp Floor , Scheper Mirte , Hoebe Ron A. , Claessen Nike , Butter Loes , Bouts Antonia H.M. , Florquin Sandrine , Guikema Jeroen E. J. ,   LEARNS Consortium
Published: August 2023

AbstractLevamisole (LMS) is a small molecule used in the treatment of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS). The pathogenesis of INS remains unknown, but evidence points toward an immunological basis of the disease. Recently, LMS has been shown to increase the relapse‐free survival in INS patients. While LMS has been hypothesized to exert an immunomodulatory effect, its mechanism of action remains unknown. Here, we show that LMS decreased activation and proliferation of human T cells. T‐cell activation‐associated cytokines such as IL‐2, TNF‐α, and IFN‐γ were reduced upon LMS treatment, whereas IL‐4 and IL‐13 were increased. Gene expression profiling confirmed that the suppressive effects of LMS as genes involved in cell cycle progression were downregulated. Furthermore, genes associated with p53 activation were upregulated by LMS. In agreement, LMS treatment resulted in p53 phosphorylation and increased expression of the p53 target gene FAS. Accordingly, LMS sensitized activated T cells for Fas‐mediated apoptosis. LMS treatment resulted in a mid‐S phase cell cycle arrest accompanied by γH2AX‐foci formation and phosphorylation of CHK1. Our findings indicate that LMS acts as an immunosuppressive drug that directly affects the activation and proliferation of human T cells by induction of DNA damage and the activation of a p53‐dependent DNA damage response.
Lymphocyte pathway analysis using naturally lymphocyte‐deficient fish
Authors: Zhang Gaoqun , Swann Jeremy B. , Felder Marius , O'Meara Connor , Boehm Thomas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractComparative phylogenetic analyses are of potential value to establish the essential components of genetic networks underlying physiological traits. For species that naturally lack particular lymphocyte lineages, we show here that this strategy readily distinguishes trait‐specific actors from pleiotropic components of the genetic network governing lymphocyte differentiation. Previously, three of the four members of the DNA polymerase X family have been implicated in the junctional diversification process during the somatic assembly of antigen receptors. Our phylogenetic analysis indicates that the presence of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase is strictly associated with the facility of V(D)J recombination, whereas PolL and PolM genes are retained even in species lacking Rag‐mediated somatic diversification of antigen receptor genes.
Design and Synthesis of Rigid‐Featured Tertiary Amine‐Derived C2‐Symmetric Chiral Furan‐N,N′‐dioxide Ligands
Authors: Chen Zi‐Yue , Hu Pan , Wang Xi‐Rui , Xu Ke‐Lan , Wang Yu‐Heng , Tian You‐Ping , Zhou Ying , Liu Xiong‐Li 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo expand the chemical space of chiral N‐oxides and chiral furan‐containing ligands, herein we designed and synthesized a new class of rigid‐featured tertiary amine‐derived C2‐symmetric chiral furan‐N,N′‐dioxide (Fu‐2NO) ligands from optically pure l‐prolinamides/hydroxylprolinamides in operationally simple two steps and up to 57 % overall yield. The newly developed rigid‐featured chiral Fu‐2NO ligands possesses two pyrroloimidazolone‐based N‐oxides as non‐flat chiral walls, and afforded the opportunity for fine‐tuning the ligand electronic and conformational properties by judicious choice of the substituent in the nonligating nitrogen atom. More importantly, The Fu‐2NO ligands can tolerate air and moisture such that no special handling is needed for their storage, and can be applied in the Ni(II)‐catalyzed asymmetric Friedel‐Crafts alkylation reaction of indole.
PPh3‐Mediated Nucleophilic Sulfonation of Sulfonyl Chlorides with Arynes: Access to Manifold Aryl Sulfones
Authors: Yue Hui‐Qi , Li Qi‐Wei , Shi Da‐Wei , Yang Rui‐Jia , Han Liang‐Liang , Yang Bin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSulfonyl chlorides are a class of cheap and readily available basic chemicals, which have routinely served as electrophilic reagents in their chemical transformations. Herein, we disclose a novel PPh3‐mediated nucleophilic sulfonation method of sulfonyl chlorides with arynes. Different from the classical P(III)‐mediated reductive deoxygenation reaction of sulfonyl chlorides, the valence state of the sulfur atom has not been changed. This protocol exhibits broad functional group tolerance and provides a direct approach to a variety of aryl and alkyl sulfones.
Polymorphism of glucocorticoid receptor gene (rs41423247) in functional seizures (psychogenic nonepileptic seizures/attacks)
Authors: Firouzabadi Negar , Asadi‐Pooya Ali A. , Alimoradi Nahid , Simani Leila , Asadollahi Marjan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated the association between the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene, also known as the nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1 (NR3C1), rs41423247 polymorphism, and functional seizures (psychogenic nonepileptic seizures/attacks) in a case–control study. We hypothesized that the tested polymorphism has significant associations with functional seizures (psychogenic nonepileptic seizures/attacks) independent from comorbid depression.MethodsSeventy patients with functional seizures (psychogenic nonepileptic seizures/attacks), 70 with major depressive disorder (MDD), and 70 healthy controls (HCs) were studied. Their DNAs were analyzed for NR3C1 rs41423247 polymorphism.ResultsGenotype and allele frequencies of rs41423247 were different between the three groups. G allele carriers were more frequent in patients with functional seizures (psychogenic nonepileptic seizures/attacks) and those with MDD compared to HCs (p = 0.0001). However no significant difference was observed with respect to allele distributions between functional seizures (psychogenic nonepileptic seizures/attacks) and MDD groups (p = 0.391). CC genotype was less often associated with functional seizures (psychogenic nonepileptic seizures/attacks) versus HC: Codominant model; p = 0.001, OR = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.05–0.24, and −2loglilkelihood = 231.7. In comparison between functional seizures (psychogenic nonepileptic seizures/attacks) group and other (MDD + HC) groups, we observed a significant association between CG genotype and functional seizures (psychogenic nonepileptic seizures/attacks) (Codominant model; p = 0.001, OR = 5.63, 95% CI = 2.60–12.40 and −2loglikelihood = 245.99).SignificancePatients with functional seizures (psychogenic nonepileptic seizures/attacks) and those with MDD were significantly more often G allele carriers in rs41423247 compared with HCs. We observed a significant association between CG genotype and functional seizures (psychogenic nonepileptic seizures/attacks). However, we could not exclude the possibility of confounding effects of depression. Future genetic studies of patients with functional seizures (psychogenic nonepileptic seizures/attacks) should include a comparison group with depression in addition to a comparison group of HCs.
Forecasting the different influencing factors of household food waste behavior in China under the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Shen Xiangdong , Wang Junbin , Wang Li , Jiao Chunlan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAt present, both developed and developing countries around the world are facing a serious problem of household food waste. The current state of food waste cannot be ignored, especially during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This study examined the effects of psychological level factors, cultural level factors, and situational level factors on household food waste behavior in China. Besides, the factors affecting household food waste behavior were identified and evaluated using the extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) model. In this study, participants (N = 337) completed a questionnaire assessing their household food waste behavior. We found that COVID‐19 food supply restriction, budget constraints, attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control have a positive significant impact on residents' intention to reduce food waste. The result unveiled that perceived health risks, herd mentality, status display face consciousness, and other‐oriented face consciousness have a negative significant impact on residents' intention to reduce food waste. We tested the mediating effect of intention to reduce food waste between antecedent variables and household food waste behavior. The study adds to the academic literature and practical implication on Chinese household food waste behavior by combining numerous factors on a single model, grounded in the TPB.
Supplementing maternal diet with milk oligosaccharides and probiotics helps develop the immune system and intestinal flora of offsprings
Authors: Xie Qinggang , Cui Dongying , Zhu Qinchao , Qin Xuewen , Ren Daxi , Xu Xiaoxi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntestinal flora is very important for improving the development of the immune system in newborns. Maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation is one of the key factors affecting the growth and development of offspring. The objective of the present study was to examine whether supplementation of maternal diet with milk oligosaccharides and Bifidobacterium could influence the development of the intestinal flora and immune system of neonatal mice. In total, 30 pregnant Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were randomly divided into six groups: a control group (basal diet) and five intervention groups (basal diet supplemented with different doses of 2′‐fucosyllactose [2′‐FL] and Bifidobacterium Bb12) during the pregnancy period. All female mice were monitored for physical health during gavage. After delivery, the number of mice in each litter, any deformity, and the development of the offspring were recorded. The spleen, blood, and fecal samples of six groups of 10–12 day‐old offspring were collected. The results demonstrated that maternal milk oligosaccharides and probiotics conferred protective effects against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced immunosuppression in mice offspring by significantly enhancing the immune organ indexes, splenocyte proliferation, immunoglobulin (immunoglobulin G, A, M) production as well as improving the macrophage phagocytosis (p < .05). The abundance of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria in the feces of offspring mice in the intervention groups was significantly higher than that of the offspring mice in the control group (p < .05). These findings suggest that the combination of 2′‐FL and Bifidobacterium Bb12 displayed synergistic interactions between the two components that could promote the development of the immune system of the offsprings and improve their microbiota through maternal ingestion.
Tea's anti‐obesity properties, cardiometabolic health‐promoting potentials, bioactive compounds, and adverse effects: A review focusing on white and green teas
Authors: Abiri Behnaz , Amini Shirin , Hejazi Mahdi , Hosseinpanah Farhad , Zarghi Afshin , Abbaspour Faeze , Valizadeh Majid 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTea is one of the most commonly consumed beverages in the world. Morocco, Japan, and China have consumed green tea for centuries. White tea, which is a variety of green teas, is very popular in China and is highly revered for its taste. Presently, both teas are consumed in other countries around the world, even as functional ingredients, and novel research is constantly being conducted in these areas. We provide an update on the health benefits of white and green teas in this review, based on recent research done to present. After a general introduction, we focused on tea's anti‐obesity and human health‐promoting potential, adverse effects, and new approaches to tea and its bioactive compounds. It has been found that the health benefits of tea are due to its bioactive components, mainly phenolic compounds. Of these, catechins are the most abundant. This beverage (or its extracts) has potential anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which could contribute to body weight control and the improvement of several chronic diseases. However, some studies have mentioned the possibility of toxic effects; therefore, reducing tea consumption is a good idea, especially during the last trimester of pregnancy. Additionally, new evidence will provide insight into the possible effects of tea on the human gut microbiota, and even on the viruses responsible for SARS‐CoV‐2. A beverage such as this may favor beneficial gut microbes, which may have important implications due to the influence of gut microbiota on human health.
Effect of Aloe vera and carboxymethyl cellulose‐derived binary blend edible coating on the shelf life of fresh‐cut apple
Authors: Tosif Mansuri M. , Bains Aarti , Dhull Sanju Bala , Chawla Prince , Goksen Gulden 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the demand and market for minimally processed fruits are increasing worldwide. Fresh‐cut apples are extremely sensitive to environmental factors including oxygen, temperature, and microorganisms in resulting the browning of apples. Therefore, in this study, different concentration of blended edible‐coating solution was prepared using Aloe vera and carboxymethyl cellulose (1:1, 1:2, 2:1, 3:3, 3:2, 4:2, 2:4, 3:4, and 4:3, respectively). Lease particle size (101.74 ± 0.67 nm) of the coating solution was observed with 3% A. vera and 2% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Afterward, the shelf life of the apples was evaluated for 10 days at refrigeration condition. Results showed that a significant difference was found in weight loss of coated (6.42%–10.26%) and uncoated apples (8.12%–15.32%) for 2–10 days. Moreover, the titrable acidity of the cut apples increased during the storage time. Rheological data emerged that the viscosity of the coating solution decreases with the increasing temperature from 0 to 50°C. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy data confirmed the presence of hydroxyl group (–OH), C=O, C–O, and N–H banding in the A. vera, CMC, and blend‐coating solution. The blend solution indicated excellent antimicrobial efficiency. Total phenolic content of coated and uncoated apples at 0 day was 737.55 mg GAE kg−1 for uncoated and 717.88 mg GAE kg−1, respectively. Whereas, aerobic and psychrotrophic bacteria counts for edible coated apples significantly lower than control apples. For coated apples, aerobic and psychrotrophic bacteria counts were 1.59 ± 0.84 and 1.25 ± 0.49 log CFU g−1 were 4.26 ± 0.67 and 2.68 ± 0.22 log CFU g−1 at 10th day, respectively. Overall, it can be inferred that blend of A. vera and carboxymethyl cellulose could be used as a nontoxic potential anti‐browning and antimicrobial component for the enhancement of the shelf life and additional nutritional value of fresh‐cut apples.