bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decision making in medicine - Are obstetricians' physicians influenced by "non-medical" information?
Authors: Binyamini Iris Manor , Schreiber-Divon Michal 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective: To examine whether obstetricians' physicians are influenced by non-medical information/considerations in the decision-making process.
Methods: The study population was sampled from four hospitals.
Participants: 100 physicians. All 100 physicians were presented with three somewhat vague case studies that an obstetrician might encounter during their career. The cases were chosen through the triangulation method by specialists – judges in the fields of obstetrics and gynecology. Each participant was asked to provide a decision: whether to continue with a vaginal birth plan or to do a cesarean. In addition, each participant was asked to explain the decision. Analysis of the study data consisted of three stages: Line-by-Line Coding, Axial Coding, and Core Category.
Results:Three main themes were revealed in the study, which are: the process of the birth, fetal distress, and the passage of the fetus through the pelvis. In addition, the study findings indicate that in medical practice, "non-medical" information is being used as a critical argument in decision-making regarding the procedure of the birth, for two of the themes (fetal distress and passage of the fetus through the pelvis), the non-medical information has increased the likelihood of the doctors choosing to perform a cesarean.
Conclusions: If, as this study suggests, obstetricians rely on non-medical and non-obstetric information in their decision-making, this issue should be presented during training and throughout the practice of these physicians, in order to increase their awareness of the additional factors that influence their medical decision-making.
A chemical signal that promotes insect survival via thermogenesis
Authors: Zhao Lilin , Zhou Jiao , Chen Junxian , Zhang Xueying , Zhang Hongxia , guo lu , Li Defeng , Ning Jing , Wang Xinchen , Jin Wanzhu , Mai Kevin , Abraham Elijah , Butcher Rebecca , Sun Jianghua 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Cold-activated thermogenesis of brown adipose tissues (BAT) is vital for the survival of animals under cold stress and also inhibits the development of tumours. The development of small-molecule tools that target thermogenesis pathways could lead to novel therapies against cold, obesity, and even cancer. Here, we identify a chemical signal that is produced in beetles in the winter to activate fat thermogenesis. This hormone elevates the basal body temperature by increasing cellular mitochondrial density and uncoupling in order to promote beetle survival. We demonstrate that this hormone activates UCP4-mediated uncoupled respiration through adipokinetic hormone receptor (AKHR). This signal serves as a novel fat-burning activator that utilizes a conserved mechanism to promote thermogenesis not only in beetles, nematode and flies, but also in mice, protecting the mice against cold and tumor growth. This hormone represents a new strategy to manipulate fat thermogenesis.
Increasing Image Classification Speed in Python Environments Using Convolutional Neural Networks Supported by High-Performance Computing
Authors: ASHRAF MD SADI , HOSSIAN NOBI , FAIZA FAHMEE 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been found to be extremely effective at categorising photos. However, because CNN models are so large and image processing requires so many calculations, classification time can be significantly decreased. We look at how to leverage High-Performance Computing (HPC) to speed up how CNNs identify images in Python in this work. We create and test alternative CNN architectures on an HPC-enabled cluster by using parallel processing and GPU acceleration to speed up image categorization. We also investigate how different data pretreatment methods and hardware configurations influence how effectively categorization works. Our research shows that employing Python environments that are optimised for high-performance computing (HPC) can significantly enhance image classification speed while maintaining excellent accuracy rates. This research is critical for developing better and easier-to-use image classification systems, particularly in computer vision, remote sensing, and biomedical imaging.
Investigating and determining the kinetic coefficients of cell growth and removal of organic and nutrient substances from real wastewater for modeling activated sludge using the A2O method
Authors: Daronkola Mojtaba Darzi , Ramavandi Bahman , Hashemi Seyed Enayat , Amiri Fazel , Mahvi Amir Hossein 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose: A2O process is one of the biological removal processes of nutrients in wastewater treatment. Phosphorus removal by biological method is a new and developed technique that is done by changing the design of suspended growth systems.
methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study, which is a pilot workshop based in the first module, and chemistry, physics and microbiological tests are carried out at the wastewater treatment plant laboratory in one of the cities of Tehran province in 2020-2021 during a period of 12 months. Was completed. In this research, a total of 500 samples were taken from raw sewage, aeration pond, effluent, secondary sedimentation and return activated sludge.
Results: In this research, the internal decay coefficient and the growth efficiency coefficient are equal to d-1 0.1264 and 0.6579 gVSS/gCOD, respectively. And the maximum specific rate of consumption of food substance and the semi-saturation constant of food substance respectively gCOD/gVSS.d 3.3467 gCOD/m 25.305. If the specific rate of consumption of food substance or efficiency factor in our research is 0.27 gCOD/gVSS.d and the semi-constant Ks saturation equal to 27.9 gCOD/m has been obtained, this actually shows that the organic matter (COD) in the waste water of Pardis city had a higher degradability (sbCOD).
Conclusion: According to the obtained results, the synthetic coefficients in the Lineweaver-Burk and Hanes models are suitable, but in the Hofstee model, the amount of K and Kd is less than the optimal amount for the proper exploitation of the pilot.
Importance of preoperative total colonoscopy and endoscopic resection after self-expandable metallic stent placement for obstructive colorectal cancer as a bridge-to-surgery
Authors: Itonaga Shuichi , Hamada Shohei , Ihara Eikichi , Honma Hitoshi , Fukuya Hiroki , Ookubo Akito , Sasaki Taisuke , Yoshimura Daisuke , Nakamuta Makoto , Sumida Yorinobu , Harada Naohiko 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background and Aim: Colonic self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) placement enables preoperative total colonoscopy (TCS) in patients with obstructive colorectal cancer. Following SEMS placement, it is possible to assess the presence or absence of synchronous proximal colon cancers and perform preoperative endoscopic resection (ER) for neoplastic lesions proximal to the primary lesion. The objective of this study was to determine the usefulness and safety of preoperative TCS and ER after SEMS placement in patients with obstructive colorectal cancer.Methods From April 2016 to March 2022, we enrolled 100 patients with obstructive colorectal cancer who underwent SEMS placement, including 86 patients who underwent preoperative TCS after SEMS placement. Complications associated with preoperative TCS and ER after SEMS placement and the characteristics of the neoplastic lesions were assessed.Results The success rate of SEMS placement as bridge-to-surgery was 98.0%; six patients had associated complications. Preoperative TCS was performed 8 (range: 1–30) days after SEMS placement. Four patients had synchronous advanced cancers. Nine non-advanced synchronous cancers, 116 adenomas, and 18 sessile-serrated lesions were treated by preoperative TCS and ER after SEMS placement. No procedure-related complications, namely stent migration, bleeding, and perforation were observed. Forty-five patients underwent follow-up TCS 1 year after surgery. Only one patient with submucosal invasive cancer required a second surgery.Conclusions Preoperative TCS and ER after SEMS placement was performed with no complications. This approach allows preoperative evaluation of the entire colon and the treatment of precancerous lesions. (240 words)
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Increases the Risk of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in PD Patients: A Study Based on the Long-term Follow-up Database of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Liu Chun-Feng , Jin Hong , Du Yiheng , Cheng Xiaoyu , Zhang Jin-Ru , Shen Yun , Mao Cheng-Jie , Chen Jing 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the association between lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), Parkinson's disease (PD) progression, and the presence of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) in PD patients.
Methods: A total of 897 PD patients from the Long-term follow-up database of Parkinson's disease (LEAD-PD) were included in the study. The prevalence of LUTS and its association with RBD, non-motor symptoms, and disease severity were analyzed. Intergroup comparisons, subgroup analysis, logistic regression and ROC curve analyses were used to identify clinical features associated with LUTS.
Results: LUTS is common in patients with PD, with nocturia being the most frequent symptom. LUTS is correlated with disease severity (UPDRS I to IV, p<0.001), cognitive function (MMSE, p<0.001), depression (HRSD, p<0.001), and quality of life (PDQ39, p<0.001). The presence of RBD significantly increased the occurrence of LUTS, particularly urinary urgency (p<0.001) and frequency (p<0.001), in both male and female PD patients. RBD combined with non-motor symptom scores (NMSQ), UPDRS I or quality of life scores (PDQ39) served as a highly sensitive predictor for the onset of urinary urgency (AUC=0.881) and frequency (AUC=0.915) in PD patients.
Conclusion: RBD is an independent risk factor for LUTS in patients with PD. it is crucial to strengthen the prevention and treatment of LUTS symptoms in PD-RBD patients. Further research exploring the pathological and physiological mechanisms by which RBD leads to LUTS symptoms can provide a deeper understanding of the occurrence and progression of PD, paving the way for the development of innovative treatments.
Physics informed neural network for charged particles surrounded by conductive boundaries
Authors: Hafezianzade Fatemeh , Biagooi Morad , Oskoee SeyedEhsan Nedaaee 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Molecular dynamics of charged particles in porous conductive media have received considerable attention in recent years due to their application in cutting-edge technologies such as batteries and supercapacitors. Due to the presence of long-range electricalinteractions, induced charges present at the boundary, and the influence of boundary conditions, the simulation of these systems is more challenging than the simulation of typical molecular dynamic systems. Simulating these kinds of systems typically involves using a numerical solver to solve the Poisson equation, which is a very time-consuming procedure. Recently, Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have been introduced as an alternative to numerical solutions of PDEs. In this paper, we present a new PINN-based model for predicting the potential of point-charged particles surrounded by conductive walls. As a result of the proposed PINN model, the mean square error is less than 7% and R2 score is more than 90% for the corresponding example simulation. Results have been compared with typical neural networks and random forest as standard machine learning algorithms. The R2 score of the random forest model was 70%, and a standard neural network could not be trained well.
Design Strategies of a Personalized Surgical Instrument to Adjust the Distraction Angle and Posterior Slope for Open Wedge High Tibia Osteotomy Surgery
Authors: Hsu Kuo-Yao , Chen Chun-Ming , Chan Yi-Sheng , Wu Chen-Te , Hsu Chi-Pin , Chen Su‐Ching , Lin Shang-Chih 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The precise creation and control of osteotomy and distraction have been a problem in opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO). This study aimed to investigate the impact of the cutting edge of a personalized surgical instrument (PSI) to control the distraction angle, tibial slope, and tibial twist of the distracted tibiae. This study correlated the PSI design with the results of biomechanical tests on wedge inclination (WI), saw progression (SP), and distraction site (DS) of the proximal tibiae, which were systematically varied and three-dimensionally (3D) printed as the specimens. The lateral hinge 3D orientation was determined by the WI and SP. Different DSs deviate from the hinged motion of the distracted tibiae to some extent. The coronal angle, which is the major OWHTO target, is more sensitive to the SP and DS. However, the concurrence of the sagittal and horizontal angles induces undesirable effects on knee biomechanics and potentially risks the lateral hinge. The cutting edge is a key design that serves as the cutting and sawing guide to control the initial cut on the medial tibia (i.e., WI) and the sawing path near the lateral cortex (i.e., SP). Intraoperative planning of manipulating the SP is the most effective method for adjusting the sagittal rotation. A higher WI angle is a determinant factor of the horizontal rotation that must be cautiously mitigated to reduce the risk of lateral hinge cracking and to adjust the patellofemoral contact.
Mucosal gene expression of inflammatory cytokines as biomarkers for predicting treatment response in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Yokoyama Yoshihiro , Yamakawa Tsukasa , Miyake Takakazu , Kazama Tomoe , Hayashi Yuki , Hirayama Daisuke , Nakase Hiroshi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disorder that involves a complex cytokine network. Despite an array of treatment options, no predictive biomarkers for response to IBD treatment have been established. We aimed to identify predictive biomarkers of therapeutic effectiveness in patients with IBD. Inflammatory cytokine gene expression was analyzed in biopsied samples of the inflamed ileal or colonic mucosa from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). The relationship between mucosal cytokine gene expression and therapeutic response to corticosteroids and anti-TNF-α antibodies was investigated. Cytokines representative of helper T cell 2 (interleukin (IL)-4 and 5) and helper T cell 17 (IL-17, CCL20, IL-21, and IL-22) were higher in UC than CD. CCL11, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL8, OSM, and TGF-β expression was elevated in both UC and CD patients in corticosteroid-dependent cases compared to corticosteroid-free remission cases, with CXCL8 representing the best biomarker. IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RN, OSM, and IL-6 expression was elevated in anti-TNF-α antibody-resistant cases. RELA and STAT3 expression was increased in corticosteroid-dependent and anti-TNF-α antibody nonresponder patients, respectively. Mucosal chemokine, IL-1, and IL-6 gene expression can predict corticosteroid-dependent and anti-TNF-α antibody refractory cases. IL-1 and IL-6 and associated pathways are potential therapeutic targets for these cases. Clinical trial registration The study formed part of a comprehensive clinical trial listed under the University Medical Information Network—Clinical Trial Registration (UMIN-CTR) number 000041268, as initiated on August 1, 2020.
Combined (resistance-endurance) home based training and red grape juice supplementation improve memory in MS patients
Authors: Sarqaleh Amin Jalili , Azizi Mohammad , Khamoushian Kianoosh 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

BackgroundIn recent years, attention to the improvement of memory in Multiple Sclerosis (MS), patients is less investigated. Hence, for the first time, in this study deals with the relationship between combined training and red grape juice supplementation with memory improvement in MS patients.MethodIn this study, 48 women with MS with an age range of 20-40 years were selected and placed in 4 groups: traning (n=12), supplement (n=12), training+supplement (n=12), and control (n=12). Combined training for 8 weeks (3 sessions per week) was performed for 60 minutes with an intensity of 10-12 Rate of Perceived exertion. Supplementation for 8 weeks (3 sessions per week), 250 ccs of red grape juice with Brix 14 was consumed. Before and after the intervention, memory was evaluated by a daily memory questionnaire and retrospective and prospective memory. The obtained data were calculated using the analysis of variance test at a significant level (P ≤0.05).ResultsThe results show a significant improvement in daily memory and retrospective and prospective memory in the traning, supplement, and trianing + supplement groups, respectively (P=0.000), (P=0.000), (P=0.000) compared to the group it was controling. The results of the post hoc test also show the difference between the groups with each other (P ≤0.05).ConclusionsRed grape juice supplementation with 8 weeks of combined training improves cognitive disorders (memory) in MS patients.
Directional winds in Holocene create unique landforms and large-scale dusty weather in the East of China
Authors: DING Yi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Scientists have divided China into three stages from the West, with high altitudes 8000 meters above sea level, to the East, under 500. The directional wind from West to East not only creates unique landforms such as tablemount, boat-shaped Yardang, and layer-fissured granite with geo-tourist value but also blows soils and dust to make a thick dust hood in the East, making it difficult for pollutants, car exhaust, and industrial gases to dissipate. Eastern China has become the most notorious worldwide with too many dust and haze days. The article points out that rock fragments and soils will eventually migrate to the East by directional winds and rivers, which is inevitable, but keeping moisture in the surface soil in the arid areas of the West will alleviate affections of dust and haze days for the East. Canada is one of the countries in the world naturally preserving its beauty by enacting laws that prohibit biodegradable leaves, crops, and branches from being garbage. Biodegradation is a simple way to improve the environment, and every Chinese person should learn and take action.
Distribution and prognostic value of pericoronary and epicardial adipose tissue in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a coronary CT angiography study
Authors: Lin Shuangxiang , Xu Yunyu , Hu Tingting , Liu Chenjia , Wang Mengshai , Wu Jiaxing , Wang Shuyue , Wang Xinhong , Sun Jianzhong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background The role of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT), measured by coronary CT angiography (CCTA), as cardiometabolic risk factors in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the CCTA-derived EAT and PCAT in HFpEF patients and examine their association with cardiac function and prognostic value.Methods Between January 2019 and July 2022, 100 HFpEF patients and 100 healthy controls underwent CCTA to investigate the association between EAT and PCAT and composite endpoints for HFpEF. The composite endpoint was defined as a combination of all-cause mortality and rehospitalization for HF. EAT volume and PCAT attenuation were measured using automatic threshold segmentation in CCTA images, with thresholds set between − 30 and − 190 HU. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used, including EAT, PCAT, and a cardiac metabolic risk score (incorporating age, sex, smoking, metabolic syndrome, and family history). The optimal cut-off point was determined using the Youden index. Survival estimates were calculated using Kaplan-Meier curves with the log-rank test.Results A total of 200 patients, with a mean age of 68.3 ± 10.3 years and 58.0% male, were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 100 HFpEF patients (mean age: 71.7 ± 9.9 years; 59% male) were followed up for a median of 15 ± 0.6 months (range 2–29 months). Compared to healthy controls, HFpEF patients had higher EAT volume (56.1 cm3 ± 11.9) and lower attenuations in the right coronary artery (RCA) (-74.7 HU ± 3.82), left anterior descending artery (LAD) (-72.9 HU ± 3.98), and left circumflex artery (LCX) (-71.5 HU ± 3.06). EAT and PCAT-RCA attenuation were predictive of outcome with an optimal threshold of 56.29 cm3 (AUC: 0.77; sensitivity: 72.0%; specificity: 74%) and − 69.31 HU (AUC: 0.793; sensitivity: 76.9%; specificity: 74.1%), respectively.Conclusions We conclude that, in heart failure patients, EAT and PCAT-RCA add independent and incremental prognostic value of predicting HFpEF progression, superior to clinical risk factors.
Genetic diversity of H. marginatum in Tunisia is not influenced by the bio-climate
Authors: Benyedem Hayet , Hajji Tarek , Romdhane Rihab , Obara Isaiah , Mhadhbi Moez , Sebai Essia , Elati Khawla , Chaari Soufiene , Rekik Mourad , Darghouth Mohamed Aziz 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Ticks are important ectoparasites responsible for the transmission of several pathogens with significant medical, veterinary, and economic impacts. Climate and social changes have generated substantial changes in ticks' distribution, abundance, and activity patterns, including ticks belonging to the Hyalomma marginatum species. Knowledge on the genetic structure and dynamics of H. marginatum populations might contribute to a better understanding of their current and future evolution under the effects of anthropogenic factors and eco-climatic changes. In the present study, we investigated the genetic structure and phylogenetic distribution of H. marginatum across three bioclimatic regions in Tunisia using two mitochondrial markers (16S and 12S rRNA). The molecular investigations were based on 47 adult H. marginatum ticks collected from humid, upper semi-arid, and subhumid regions of Tunisia. Our results revealed a genetic diversity of 0.278% and 0.809% using the 16S and 12S markers, respectively. The low genetic diversity that we observed raises the hypothesis of a bottleneck event occasioned by a reduction in the size of the tick population under the effects of environmental factors and/or human activities. This hypothesis is supported by the population’s demographic history analysis, which revealed a clear deviation from neutrality and supports the occurrence of a bottleneck event followed by a demographic expansion. The fact that most 16S and 12S variability was present in the ticks from the humid bioclimatic zone may suggest that those ticks represent the ancestral population. Overall, the analysis has shown that the phylogenetic clusters do not correspond to the bioclimatic zones.