bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rationally blind? Rationality polarizes policy support for colour blindness versus multiculturalism
Authors: De keersmaecker Jonas , Schmid Katharina , Roets Arne , Goyal Namrata 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDo White Americans prefer society to be ‘colour‐blind’ by rising above racial identities, or ‘multicultural’ by openly discussing and considering them? We developed an ideology‐rationality model to understand support for these diversity perspectives. Specifically, since people endorse a diversity perspective in line with their ideological values, we hypothesized that conservatism is related to a relative preference for colour blindness over multiculturalism. However, since colour blindness and multiculturalism are complex and multi‐layered ideologies, we further hypothesized that the relationship between conservatism and a preference for colour blindness over multiculturalism is especially pronounced under higher levels of rationality. Results confirmed the hypotheses, either when rationality was operationalized within a dual process theory (Study 1, N = 496) or experimentally induced within a tripartite model of cognition (Study 2, N = 497). Higher levels of rationality guided White Americans high in conservatism towards a stronger preference for colour‐blindness, but those low in conservatism towards a stronger preference for multiculturalism. These results suggest that among White Americans the endorsement of colour blindness versus multiculturalism stems from the interplay between ideological orientation and rationality and that rational considerations about racial policies may further divide rather than unify along ideological lines.
Lower Eocene carbonate ramp clinoforms of the southern Tethys; Zagros Foreland Basin, SW Iran: Sequence stratigraphy architecture, basin physiography and carbonate factory controlling parameters
Authors: Nikfard Mohammad 
Published: June 2023

AbstractExcellent cliff exposures in the Khush‐Ab and Chenareh anticlines (Zagros Foreland Basin, SW Iran) offer a good opportunity to document stratal geometries, paleofacies heterogeneity, depositional architecture and depositional cycles of the Lower Eocene sedimentary basin system. These unique outcrops containing six logged sections have been studied across a large‐scale transect, covering ca. 10 km of continental (Kashkan Formation), carbonate‐dominated platforms (Taleh‐Zang Formation) and submarine fan to basin‐floor settings (Amiran and Pabdeh formations). Field observations of the bedding geometries revealed a set of NE–SW oriented carbonate ramp clinoforms (clinoformal units 1–4) with sigmoidal cross‐sectional shapes and an internal fore‐stepping architecture. Based on detailed facies analysis, six facies associations (FA) were identified (FA.I to FA.VI), which are interpreted to have been deposited laterally in the continental, proximal to distal and deep‐water settings of a distally steepened carbonate ramp. According to the stratal stacking pattern, bounding surface, facies architecture and internal makeup of carbonate clinoforms, four H‐F‐cycles (cycle I–IV) corresponding to a lower hierarchical rank (fourth‐order cycle) were recognized and nested within the regressive stacking pattern (HST) of a higher hierarchical rank (third‐order sequence). These H‐F‐cycles are arranged in three segments (bottomset, foreset and topset) of each clinoformal unit. Higher rank transgressive blocks (TST) discriminated each clinoformal unit by up‐deepening sets of the H‐F‐cycle V. In total, five third‐order depositional sequences were identified. The sequence, stratigraphic framework and internal makeup of this carbonate platform indicate that these carbonate sloping successions are the type of accretionary carbonate ramp clinoforms that display an ascending ramp‐slope break trajectory. Evolutionary episodes of biogenic communities, climatic change, local tectonic movements, physical processes (e.g. waves and storms) and water depth gradient are major forcing parameters that controlled the carbonate factory and depositional geometry of this Lower Eocene succession; however, carbonate‐producing organisms and eustatic sea‐level fluctuations played the first role, and local tectonic movements in response to tectonic activities of the Zagros Foreland Basin played the second role. As a result, Taleh‐Zang carbonate platforms are rich in diverse assemblages of LBFs without fragments of coral and red algae, which appear to be a consequence of a hothouse state that diminishes the global thermal gradient, weakens pycnoclines and thereby limits the turbulence.
Finding Structure in One Child's Linguistic Experience
Authors: Wang Wentao , Vong Wai Keen , Kim Najoung , Lake Brenden M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNeural network models have recently made striking progress in natural language processing, but they are typically trained on orders of magnitude more language input than children receive. What can these neural networks, which are primarily distributional learners, learn from a naturalistic subset of a single child's experience? We examine this question using a recent longitudinal dataset collected from a single child, consisting of egocentric visual data paired with text transcripts. We train both language‐only and vision‐and‐language neural networks and analyze the linguistic knowledge they acquire. In parallel with findings from Jeffrey Elman's seminal work, the neural networks form emergent clusters of words corresponding to syntactic (nouns, transitive and intransitive verbs) and semantic categories (e.g., animals and clothing), based solely on one child's linguistic input. The networks also acquire sensitivity to acceptability contrasts from linguistic phenomena, such as determiner‐noun agreement and argument structure. We find that incorporating visual information produces an incremental gain in predicting words in context, especially for syntactic categories that are comparatively more easily grounded, such as nouns and verbs, but the underlying linguistic representations are not fundamentally altered. Our findings demonstrate which kinds of linguistic knowledge are learnable from a snapshot of a single child's real developmental experience.
Plastic brain structure changes associated with the division of labor and aging in termites
Authors: Ishibashi Tomoki , Waliullah A.S.M. , Aramaki Shuhei , Kamiya Masaki , Kahyo Tomoaki , Nakamura Katsumasa , Tasaki Eisuke , Takata Mamoru , Setou Mitsutoshi , Matsuura Kenji 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDivision of labor is a prominent feature of social insect societies, where different castes engage in different specialized tasks. As brain differences are associated with behavioral differences, brain anatomy may be linked to caste polymorphism. Here, we show that termite brain morphology changes markedly with caste differentiation and age in the termite, Reticulitermes speratus. Brain morphology was shown to be associated with reproductive division of labor, with reproductive individuals (alates and neotenic reproductives) having larger brains than nonreproductives (workers and soldiers). Micro‐computed tomography (CT) imaging and dissection observations showed that the king's brain morphology changed markedly with shrinkage of the optic lobes during their long life in the dark. Behavioral experiments showed that mature primary kings lose visual function as a result of optic lobe shrinkage. These results suggested that termites restructure their nervous systems to perform necessary tasks as they undergo caste differentiation, and that they also show flexible changes in brain morphology even after the final molt. This study showed that brain morphology in social insects is linked to caste and aging, and that the evolution of the division of labor is underpinned by the development of diverse neural systems for specialized tasks.
Inter‐ and intra‐observer variability in the echocardiographic evaluation of wall motion abnormality in patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction or takotsubo syndrome – A novel approach
Authors: Poller Angela , Jha Sandeep , Espinosa Aaron Shekka , Zeijlon Rickard , Thorleifsson Sigurdur James , Andersson Erik Axel , Bobbio Emanuele , Pirazzi Carlo , Gudmundsson Thorsteinn , Mellberg Tomas , Martinsson Andreas , Bech‐Hanssen Odd , Redfors Björn 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroduction and ObjectivesUsing existing transthoracic echocardiographic indices to quantify left ventricular wall motion abnormalities (WMAs) can be difficult due to the variations in the location of the abnormalities within the left ventricle, the quality of examinations, and the inter‐/intra‐observer variability of available indices. This study aimed to evaluate a new approach for measuring the extent of WMA by calculating the percentage of abnormal wall motion and comparing it to the wall motion score index (WMSI). The study also sought to assess inter‐ and intra‐observer variability.MethodsThe study included 140 echocardiograms from 54 patients presenting with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction or Takotsubo syndrome. All patients underwent an echocardiographic examination according to a standard protocol and the images were used to measure the extent of akinesia (proportion akinesia, PrA), akinesia and hypokinesia (proportion akinesia/hypokinesia, PrAH), and WMSI. The inter‐observer variability between the two operators was analyzed. The intra‐observer analysis was performed by one observer using the same images at least 1 month after the first measurement. The agreement was analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and Bland‐Altman plots.ResultsInter‐ and intra‐observer variability for PrA and PrAH were low and comparable to those for WMSI.ConclusionPrA and PrAH are reliable and reproducible echocardiographic methods for the evaluation of left ventricular wall motion.
Evaluating the stress of root canal treatment in patients and dentists compared to other dental treatments: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Huynh Richard , Peters Christine I. , Zafar Sobia , Peters Ove A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis systematic review aimed to investigate whether root canal treatment caused greater stress than other dental treatments for patients and dentists. All peer‐reviewed literature published in English between January 1990 and January 2023 was included. This included randomized/non‐randomized control trials, cohort studies, case‐control studies, and cross‐sectional studies. An electronic search used PubMed, Scopus, Medline, Cochrane Collaboration, and Embase. Hand searching supplemented the screening pool. Studies examining physiological or psychological stress measures within patients or providers of dental treatment (dentists, dental specialists, and dental students) were eligible. The study must have reported on the stress outcome for root canal treatment and at least one other dental procedure. After screening 3639 eligible records, there were 23 studies included, varying from very‐low to low certainty of evidence. This review found that root canal treatment was more psychologically stressful for patients than routine restorative or cleaning procedures. However, the stress of root canal treatment relative to other dental procedures, especially extractions, was inconclusive for both dental patients and providers. Since patients regard root canal treatment as more stress‐evoking than other routine dental procedures, providers should endeavour to minimise their own bias toward root canal treatment when providing adequate information for an informed treatment choice.
Progress and prospects of quantum computing in sustainable development: An analytical review
Authors: Sood Vaishali , Chauhan Rishi Pal 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe field of quantum computing holds tremendous potential for advancing sustainable development through the design and development of sustainable materials and technologies. The domain has undergone significant growth and development in recent years, necessitating a quantitative and inclusive analysis of research advancements to comprehend research trends and directions. Henceforth, a scientometric analysis of scholarly literature from the Scopus database has been conducted to understand the research status of the discipline by analysing publication trends, most cited article analysis, document co‐citation analysis, and author co‐citation analysis. Furthermore, the CiteSpace tool is used to fulfil the visualization needs and comprehensive analysis of scientific literature to highlight emerging topics and quantum computing trends. The results of the study unveil spin‐based quantum computing and lithographically defined quantum dots with exchange coupling as highly promising frontiers for exploration. These cutting‐edge advancements exhibit exceptional potential for attaining remarkable fidelity in the quantum computing domain. Furthermore, it uncovers a trove of potential research areas for delving into the captivating phenomenon of quantum entanglement. Nuclear magnetic resonance, quantum dots, and spontaneous parametric down‐conversion techniques emerge as promising areas, enticing scholars to embark on scientific quests aimed at unravelling the intricate complexities of entanglement. The study offers a comprehensive overview of quantum computing research advancements, serving as a valuable resource for researchers and policymakers driving sustainable development.
Micro‐CT evaluation of the effect of various ScRp instrumentation methods on cement loss, porosity and micro‐crack formation
Authors: Yıldız Hasan , Bagis Nilsun , Camgoz Melike , Karacaoglu Fatma , Ocak Mert , Orhan Kaan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of three different instruments on cement loss, porosity and micro‐crack formation, which was not evaluated before, following scaling and root planning (SRP) using micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT).MethodsIn this experimental study, 30 single‐rooted extracted human teeth were used and divided into three groups. All the teeth were scanned with micro‐CT before and after SRP. Group 1: SRP was performed with Gracey curettes, Group 2: SRP was performed by using an ultrasonic device, and Group 3: SRP was performed by using diamond burs. Cement loss from the root surface, porosity, and micro‐crack formation in the root dentine were analysed. Micro‐CT is used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of samples. The obtained data were analysed statistically (p < 0.05).ResultsMinimum cement loss following SRP was detected with ultrasonic scaler (26.98 mm3), whereas the highest was created by diamond burs (96.20 mm3) (p < 0.05). The total porosity values after SRP were 0.278%, 0.334% and 0.252% for Groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Although Group 3 had the least porosity values, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. The highest micro‐crack formation was seen in Group 2 and the lowest was in Group 1 with a significant difference (p < 0.05).ConclusionsMore cement loss was observed with diamond burs. Ultrasonic devices appear to be a viable alternative to instrumentation with curettes. However, ultrasonic devices should be used carefully because of micro‐crack formation since the micro‐crack resulting from instrumentation with hand instruments is the least of all.
Synthesis of single‐phase high‐entropy diboride powders and their spheroidization process
Authors: Li Baoqiang , Liu Chang , Dong Yuanjiang , Yang Zongxian , Jin Huacheng , Ding Fei , Bai Liuyang , Fan Junmei , Wang Chun , Yuan Fangli 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSpherical (Zr.2Ti.2Ta.2Nb.2Mo.2)B2 powders with a uniform particle size distribution are successfully prepared using a novel industrial approach, which combines spray‐drying process and thermal plasma sintering technology together. In this, single‐phase (Zr.2Ti.2Ta.2Nb.2Mo.2)B2 powders are first synthesized via a borothermal reduction process using a mixture of individual metallic oxides and boron powders as starting materials. The influence of boron powder content on the structure of prepared powders is researched. Then, (Zr.2Ti.2Ta.2Nb.2Mo.2)B2 granules are prepared after wet‐grinding and spray‐drying process, which exhibit a spherical shape and homogeneous element distribution. RF induction thermal plasma is finally used to sinter the granulated particle, and the apparent density of sintered spherical powders is increased to 2.57 g/cm3 from 1.43 g/cm3. Such powders are in potential demand for additive manufacturing techniques, and the successful synthesis of spherical (Zr.2Ti.2Ta.2Nb.2Mo.2)B2 powders may guide the way toward the preparation of many other spherical high‐entropy diboride powders.
How do we measure the intangible? Overcoming the measurement challenge in services
Authors: Banerji Diptiman , Ramasundaram Aishwarya , Sreejesh S. , Shukla Yupal S. , Chatterjee Ravi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMeasuring service tangibility and intangibility aspects has been an interest to service researchers. While the Likert rating scale has been widely employed for measuring mental intangibility or its dimensions, it is not free from issues such as different anchoring, that is, the same words pointing to different attitudes and understanding for different individuals. The present study proposes the usefulness of a discrete choice experiment (DCE), where respondents are asked the same questions (i.e., items) and are presented with a scale while dichotomizing the possible responses for each scale item. We show that our proposed method is accurate and generalizable across contexts and samples through multiple studies. The DCE method gives managers a better way to measure intangibility or similar service constructs like service quality, which can help them manage their service offerings and make customers happier.
Experiences of poverty amongst low‐income older adults living in a high‐income country: A qualitative study
Authors: Dobarrio‐Sanz Iria , Chica‐Pérez Anabel , Martínez‐Linares José Manuel , López‐Entrambasaguas Olga María , Fernández‐Sola Cayetano , Hernández‐Padilla José Manuel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimTo understand the experience of low‐income older adults living in poverty in a high‐income country.DesignA qualitative study based on Gadamer's hermeneutic phenomenology.MethodsA convenience sample of twenty‐seven low‐income older adults were interviewed in‐depth between September 2021 and January 2022. Fleming's method for conducting phenomenological qualitative studies was followed and ATLAS.ti software was used for data analysis.ResultsThree main themes were extracted from the analysis: (i) ‘living in the shadow of poverty’, (ii) ‘unprotected by the ‘social shield’ of the welfare state’ (iii) ‘the struggle to attain good health’.ConclusionLiving in poverty affects all spheres of life. Older adults living in poverty feel excluded from social support policies and laws. This has a negative impact on the older adults' mental health and can lead to social isolation.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareNursing interventions to promote health amongst older adults living in poverty should include an assessment of the patient's social determinants and a focus on increasing social participation. Older people living in poverty experience difficulties accessing formal social support so nurses should implement patient navigation interventions that aim to help them overcome the complexities of the system. Nursing interventions to improve mental health amongst older adults living in poverty are much needed.ImpactLiving in poverty increases older adults' vulnerability. Older adults living in poverty suffer from mental health issues as they live under constant pressure to meet their basic needs and lack formal social support. These findings are important for nurses, who play a pivotal role in the design, implementation and evaluation of policies and interventions that promote health equity.Reporting MethodThe study has been conducted following the COREQ guidelines.Patient or Public ContributionThere has been no public or patient involvement in the design or development of the study.
Servant leadership behaviour of head nurse assessment and its linkage with nurse work engagement in China
Authors: Qin Lulu , Li Jiayin , Li Cai 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimTo assess the servant leadership behaviour of head nurse and its linkage with nurse work engagement in China.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsA anonymous investigation with the stratified cluster randomized sampling of nurse was conducted in Hunan Province of China in December 2020. We administered the Perceived Head Nurse Service Leadership Behaviour Scale and the Chinese version of Utrecht work engagement scale to survey, and analyse its relationships by multiple linear regression.ResultsA number of 890 nurses participated in this study. The average score of the perceived servant leadership of head nurse reported by nurses was 78.90 ± 14.04, which was at a medium level. Among its six dimensions, the dimension of promote nurse development scored highest (16.04 ± 2.84), while the dimension of dedication scored lowest (11.39 ± 2.46). Official nurses reported higher perceived servant leadership scores of head nurses than those who were employed and temporary nurses (b = 1.727, 95% CI: 0.054–3.400); nurses in tertiary hospitals reported higher perceived servant leadership scores of head nurses than nurses in primary and secondary hospitals (b = 2.703, 95% CI: 0.305–5.100); and lower perceived servant leadership scores were associated with nurses' job overtime (b = −4.935, 95% CI: −6.891 to −2.978). Nurses' perceived servant leadership of head nurses were positively associated with nurses' work engagement (r = 0.336, p < .05). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the perceived servant leadership of head nurse affected nurses' work engagement strongly (b = 0.585, 95% CI: 0.479–0.691).ConclusionThe servant leadership behaviour of head nurse in China was at the medium level, which was positively associated with nurses' work engagement. Further research should improve the power of the servant leadership behaviour of head nurse by integrating additional training, policies and support.ImpactIt is time to consider the servant leadership behaviour of head nurses and its linkage with nurses' work engagement in China seriously, and address the policies, guidelines, curriculum, and practice culture.Patient or Public ContributionThe study was conducted to explore the situation of servant leadership behaviour of head nurses and its linkage with nurses' work engagement in China, which did not include input from the public or the intended participants.