bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early events in amyloid-β self-assembly probed by time-resolved solid state NMR and light scattering
Authors: Jeon Jaekyun , Yau Wai-Ming , Tycko Robert 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSelf-assembly of amyloid-β peptides leads to oligomers, protofibrils, and fibrils that are likely instigators of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease. We report results of time-resolved solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) and light scattering experiments on 40-residue amyloid-β (Aβ40) that provide structural information for oligomers that form on time scales from 0.7 ms to 1.0 h after initiation of self-assembly by a rapid pH drop. Low-temperature ssNMR spectra of freeze-trapped intermediates indicate that β-strand conformations within and contacts between the two main hydrophobic segments of Aβ40 develop within 1 ms, while light scattering data imply a primarily monomeric state up to 5 ms. Intermolecular contacts involving residues 18 and 33 develop within 0.5 s, at which time Aβ40 is approximately octameric. These contacts argue against β-sheet organizations resembling those found previously in protofibrils and fibrils. Only minor changes in the Aβ40 conformational distribution are detected as larger assemblies develop.
Comparative mRNA booster effectiveness against death or hospitalization with COVID-19 pneumonia across at-risk US Veteran populations
Authors: Kelly J. Daniel , Leonard Samuel , Boscardin W. John , Hoggatt Katherine J. , Lum Emily N. , Austin Charles C. , Byers Amy , Tien Phyllis C. , Austin Peter C. , Bravata Dawn M. , Keyhani Salomeh 
Published: May 2023

AbstractStudies of comparative mRNA booster effectiveness among high-risk populations can inform mRNA booster-specific guidelines. The study emulated a target trial of COVID-19 vaccinated U.S. Veterans who received three doses of either mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2 vaccines. Participants were followed for up to 32 weeks between July 1, 2021 to May 30, 2022. Non-overlapping populations were average and high risk; high-risk sub-groups were age ≥65 years, high-risk co-morbid conditions, and immunocompromising conditions. Of 1,703,189 participants, 10.9 per 10,000 persons died or were hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia over 32 weeks (95% CI: 10.2, 11.8). Although relative risks of death or hospitalization with COVID-19 pneumonia were similar across at-risk groups, absolute risk varied when comparing three doses of BNT162b2 with mRNA-1273 (BNT162b2 minus mRNA-1273) between average-risk and high-risk populations, confirmed by the presence of additive interaction. The risk difference of death or hospitalization with COVID-19 pneumonia for high-risk populations was 2.2 (0.9, 3.6). Effects were not modified by predominant viral variant. In this work, the risk of death or hospitalization with COVID-19 pneumonia over 32 weeks was lower among high-risk populations who received three doses of mRNA-1273 vaccine instead of BNT162b2 vaccine; no difference was found among the average-risk population and age >65 sub-group.
Cultured meat platform developed through the structuring of edible microcarrier-derived microtissues with oleogel-based fat substitute
Authors: Yen Feng-Chun , Glusac Jovana , Levi Shira , Zernov Anton , Baruch Limor , Davidovich-Pinhas Maya , Fishman Ayelet , Machluf Marcelle 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWith the increasing global demand for meat, cultured meat technologies are emerging, offering more sustainable solutions that aim to evade a future shortage of meat. Here, we demonstrate a cultured meat platform composed of edible microcarriers and an oleogel-based fat substitute. Scalable expansion of bovine mesenchymal stem cells on edible chitosan-collagen microcarriers is optimized to generate cellularized microtissues. In parallel, an oleogel system incorporated with plant protein is developed as a fat substitute, which is comparable to beef fat in appearance and texture. Combining the cellularized microtissues with the developed fat substitute, two types of cultured meat prototypes are introduced: layered cultured meat and burger-like cultured meat. While the layered prototype benefits enhanced stiffness, the burger-like prototype has a marbling meat-like appearance and a softer texture. Overall, this platform and the established technological basis may contribute to the development of different cultured meat products and promote their commercial production.
Plasmodium sporozoite search strategy to locate hotspots of blood vessel invasion
Authors: Formaglio Pauline , Wosniack Marina E. , Tromer Raphael M. , Polli Jaderson G. , Matos Yuri B. , Zhong Hang , Raposo Ernesto P. , da Luz Marcos G. E. , Amino Rogerio 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPlasmodiumsporozoites actively migrate in the dermis and enter blood vessels to infect the liver. Despite their importance for malaria infection, little is known about these cutaneous processes. We combine intravital imaging in a rodent malaria model and statistical methods to unveil the parasite strategy to reach the bloodstream. We determine that sporozoites display a high-motility mode with a superdiffusive Lévy-like pattern known to optimize the location of scarce targets. When encountering blood vessels, sporozoites frequently switch to a subdiffusive low-motility behavior associated with probing for intravasation hotspots, marked by the presence of pericytes. Hence, sporozoites present anomalous diffusive motility, alternating between superdiffusive tissue exploration and subdiffusive local vessel exploitation, thus optimizing the sequential tasks of seeking blood vessels and pericyte-associated sites of privileged intravasation.
In situ observation of crystal rotation in Ni-based superalloy during additive manufacturing process
Authors: Zhang Dongsheng , Liu Wei , Li Yuxiao , Sun Darui , Wu Yu , Luo Shengnian , Chen Sen , Tao Ye , Zhang Bingbing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the dynamic process of epitaxial microstructure forming in laser additive manufacturing is very important for achieving products with a single crystalline texture. Here, we perform in situ, real-time synchrotron Laue diffraction experiments to capture the microstructural evolution of nickel-based single-crystal superalloys during the rapid laser remelting process. In situ synchrotron radiation Laue diffraction characterises the crystal rotation behaviour and stray grain formation process. With a complementary thermomechanical coupled finite element simulation and molecular dynamics simulation, we identify that the crystal rotation is governed by the localised heating/cooling heterogeneity-induced deformation gradient and recognise that the sub-grain rotation caused by rapid dislocation movement could be the origin of granular stray grains at the bottom of the melt pool.
Solar ultraviolet light collector for germicidal irradiation on the moon
Authors: Lombini Matteo , Schreiber Laura , Albertini Roberto , Alessi Elisa Maria , Attinà Primo , Bianco Andrea , Cascone Enrico , Colucci Maria Eugenia , Cortecchia Fausto , De Caprio Vincenzo , Diolaiti Emiliano , Fiorini Mauro , Lessio Luigi , Macchi Alberto , Malaguti Giuseppe , Mongelluzzo Giuseppe , Pareschi Giovanni , Pelizzo Maria G. , Pasquarella Cesira 
Published: May 2023

AbstractProlonged human-crewed missions on the Moon are foreseen as a gateway for Mars and asteroid colonisation in the next decades. Health risks related to long-time permanence in space have been partially investigated. Hazards due to airborne biological contaminants represent a relevant problem in space missions. A possible way to perform pathogens’ inactivation is by employing the shortest wavelength range of Solar ultraviolet radiation, the so-called germicidal range. On Earth, it is totally absorbed by the atmosphere and does not reach the surface. In space, such Ultraviolet solar component is present and effective germicidal irradiation for airborne pathogens’ inactivation can be achieved inside habitable outposts through a combination of highly reflective internal coating and optimised geometry of the air ducts. The Solar Ultraviolet Light Collector for Germicidal Irradiation on the Moon is a project whose aim is to collect Ultraviolet solar radiation and use it as a source to disinfect the re-circulating air of the human outposts. The most favourable positions where to place these collectors are over the peaks at the Moon’s poles, which have the peculiarity of being exposed to solar radiation most of the time. On August 2022, NASA communicated to have identified 13 candidate landing regions near the lunar South Pole for Artemis missions. Another advantage of the Moon is its low inclination to the ecliptic, which maintains the Sun’s apparent altitude inside a reduced angular range. For this reason, Ultraviolet solar radiation can be collected through a simplified Sun’s tracking collector or even a static collector and used to disinfect the recycled air. Fluid-dynamic and optical simulations have been performed to support the proposed idea. The expected inactivation rates for some airborne pathogens, either common or found on the International Space Station, are reported and compared with the proposed device efficiency. The results show that it is possible to use Ultraviolet solar radiation directly for air disinfection inside the lunar outposts and deliver a healthy living environment to the astronauts.
Identification of novel interacts partners of ADAR1 enzyme mediating the oncogenic process in aggressive breast cancer
Authors: Binothman Najat , Aljadani Majidah , Alghanem Bandar , Refai Mohammed Y. , Rashid Mamoon , Al Tuwaijri Abeer , Alsubhi Nouf H. , Alrefaei Ghadeer I. , Khan Muhammad Yasir , Sonbul Sultan N. , Aljoud Fadwa , Alhayyani Sultan , Abdulal Rwaa H. , Ganash Magdah , Hashem Anwar M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype is characterized by aggressive clinical behavior and poor prognosis patient outcomes. Here, we show that ADAR1 is more abundantly expressed in infiltrating breast cancer (BC) tumors than in benign tumors. Further, ADAR1 protein expression is higher in aggressive BC cells (MDA-MB-231). Moreover, we identify a novel interacting partners proteins list with ADAR1 in MDA-MB-231, using immunoprecipitation assay and mass spectrometry. Using iLoop, a protein–protein interaction prediction server based on structural features, five proteins with high iloop scores were discovered: Histone H2A.V, Kynureninase (KYNU), 40S ribosomal protein SA, Complement C4-A, and Nebulin (ranged between 0.6 and 0.8). In silico analysis showed that invasive ductal carcinomas had the highest level of KYNU gene expression than the other classifications (p < 0.0001). Moreover, KYNU mRNA expression was shown to be considerably higher in TNBC patients (p < 0.0001) and associated with poor patient outcomes with a high-risk value. Importantly, we found an interaction between ADAR1 and KYNU in the more aggressive BC cells. Altogether, these results propose a new ADAR-KYNU interaction as potential therapeutic targeted therapy in aggressive BC.
Pyramided and optimized blurred shape model for plant leaf classification
Authors: Almodfer Rolla , Mudhsh Mohammed , Zhao Jifei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPlant leaf classification is a crucial task in the field of computer vision and pattern recognition, with various applications such as plant species identification and disease diagnosis. In this paper, the authors introduce the Pyramid Blurred Shape Model (PBSM) as a new descriptor for plant leaf classification. The PBSM extracts both shape and texture features from plant leaf images, which are combined to define a probability density function for leaf shape. Our experimental results show that the proposed PBSM achieves high classification accuracy, F1‐score, and precision‐recall results, demonstrating its effectiveness for leaf classification. However, extracting all available features from leaf images can lead to redundant and inessential features, which can degrade the classification performance and computational efficiency. To address this issue, the authors implement grey wolf optimization (GWO)‐based feature selection to identify the most informative features for classification. The final set of features is then classified using a list of selected classifiers, further enhancing the performance of the authors’ approach. The authors evaluate their proposed method on three publicly available datasets, namely the Middle European Woods (MEW), Swedish, and Flavia leaf datasets, and achieve high classification accuracies of 96.34%, 96.89%, and 92.41% for the Flavia, Swedish, and MEW leaf datasets, respectively. The authors’ approach outperforms state‐of‐the‐art descriptors in terms of classification accuracy and robustness, demonstrating its potential for real‐world applications. Overall, the authors’ proposed PBSM descriptor with feature selection provides a reliable and efficient solution for plant leaf classification. It can contribute to the development of automated plant species identification systems and disease diagnosis, thereby facilitating the conservation and protection of plant species.
Was wissen Sie über … Gefäße?
Authors: Schmid Eva C. 
Published: May 2023

SummaryLiebe Leser, testen Sie Ihr Wissen und frischen Sie Ihre Kenntnisse auf. Bitte kreuzen Sie jeweils eine Antwort an. Viel Spaß beim Beantworten wünscht Ihnen HP Eva C. Schmid!
Systemic Therapy of Premenopausal Patients with Early Stage Hormone Receptor-Positive, HER2-Negative Breast Cancer – Controversies and Standards in
Healthcare
Authors: Müller Volkmar , Fasching Peter A. , Nabieva Naiba , Fehm Tanja N. , Thill Marc , Schmidt Marcus , Kühn Thorsten , Banys-Paluchowski Maggie , Belleville Erik , Juhasz-Böss Ingolf , Untch Michael , Kolberg Hans-Christian , Harbeck Nadia , Aktas Bahriye , Stickeler Elmar , Kreuzeder Julia , Hartkopf Andreas D. , Janni Wolfgang , Ditsch Nina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn patients with existing ovarian function, there are some special aspects to adjuvant endocrine therapy in premenopausal patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative (HR
pos./HER2 neg.) breast cancer. Treatment options include tamoxifen with or without a GnRH analog, and aromatase inhibitors with a GnRH analog. Furthermore, ovarian function is affected by
previous chemotherapy. Both aromatase inhibitors (+GnRH analogs) and GnRH analogs in combination with tamoxifen are supposed to be indicated for patients at increased risk of
recurrence.However, national and international guidelines and therapy recommendations do not provide a clear definition of intermediate or high risk; as a result, therapy decisions are often made
for each patient on an individual basis. This is also reflected in the considerable variability at national and international levels, e.g., with regard to the use of aromatase inhibitors +
GnRH analogs.This review summarizes the data on completed studies (e.g., SOFT, TEXT, EBCTCG meta-analyses) and the current multigene testing studies (TailorX, RxPonder, ADAPT), discusses the rationale
for current studies (e.g., CLEAR-B), and looks ahead to future questions.
Comparison of the Endoscopic Endonasal Approach with the Endoscopic Supraorbital Keyhole Approach to the Tuberculum Sellae Region: A Quantitatively Cadaveric Study
Authors: Zhu Junhao , Cong Zixiang , Yang Jin , Yuan Feng , Cai Xiangming , Tang Chao , Du Chaonan , Feng Dongxia , Ma Chiyuan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background The endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) and the endoscopic supraorbital keyhole approach (eSKA) provide minimally invasive access to tuberculum sellae (TS) tumors. Evaluation of the operating maneuverability is helpful for approach selection. Herein, we compared the two approaches and aimed to provide quantitative anatomic data for surgical decision-making in the management of TS lesions.
Methods Fifteen dissections were performed on five silicone-injected cadaveric heads. The EEA and eSKA (both right and left) were performed on each head. Surgical freedom and working angles in the axial and sagittal planes were calculated using the stereotactic navigation system in the selected six targets: the midpoint of the leading edge of the sphenoid sinus (leSS), the midpoint of the edge of the dorsum sellae (eDS), the ipsilateral medial opticocarotid recess (imOCR), the contralateral medial opticocarotid recess (cmOCR), the ipsilateral lateral opticocarotid recess (ilOCR), and the contralateral lateral opticocarotid recess (clOCR).
Results The surgical freedom at the ilOCR and the axial working angles at the leSS, ilOCR, and imOCR (imOCR with excessive manipulation of the optic apparatus) were greater in the eSKA. The EEA provided greater surgical freedom and/or working angles at most targets than eSKA (the surgical freedom at the imOCR, cmOCR, clOCR, and eDS; the axial working angles at the cmOCR and clOCR; and the sagittal working angles at the leSS, imOCR, cmOCR, clOCR, and eDS).
Conclusion The EEA provides greater surgical freedom and working angles for paramedian lesions, whereas the eSKA provides better surgical maneuverability for lesions with lateral extension.
Additive Titanium Manufacturing to Repair Critically Sized Antebrachial Bone Defects in Two Dogs
Authors: Janssens S.D.S. , Willemsen K. , Magré J. , Meij B.P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRecent developments in the medical field of additive manufacturing (AM) have allowed the creation of patient-specific porous titanium implants for use in the medical field. With correct pore size such scaffolds are able to be integrated into surrounding bone.Two dogs were presented with atrophic non-union of the proximal ulna involving the elbow joint due to previous orthopaedic procedures with severe complications that led to segmental bone defects that were not expected to heal without a secondary intervention. Computed tomography (CT) was performed and porous scaffolds and saw guides were designed in silico and printed by AM. Osteotomies in adjacent healthy bone were guided by patient-specific three-dimensional (3D)-printed nylon saw guides allowing a perfect fit for the 3D-printed implant. In one case the scaffold was filled with bone morphogenic protein and held in place by two plates. In the other case the scaffold was filled with cancellous bone graft and held in place by a titanium plate that was part of the scaffold design. Both cases regained function and weight-bearing without lameness. Osseointegration of the implant was shown in both cases on follow-up CT and radiographs and macroscopically evident in the pores of the 3D implant after plate removal. One dog was euthanatized for unrelated disease and micro-CT revealed solid bone bridging through the inner scaffold tunnel.This study showed the successful application of the design, fabrication and clinical use of a patient-specific 3D-printed titanium implant to repair segmental bone defects of the antebrachium in two dogs.
Faculty perceptions of unidentified aerial phenomena
Authors: Yingling Marissa E. , Yingling Charlton W. , Bell Bethany A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRecently, former and current government officials, legislators, and faculty in the United States have called for research on what their government terms Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP, now called Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena). Investigative journalism, military reports, new government offices, and scholarship have piqued broad attention. Other countries have begun conversations about UAP. The United States government is undertaking new hearings, reports, and investigations into UAP. What might the implications of this issue in academia be? Despite this topic’s associated stigma, these developments merited asking faculty about their perceptions. In this national study—which is the first to thoroughly examine faculty evaluations, explanations, and experiences regarding UAP of which the authors are aware—tenured and tenure-track faculty across 14 disciplines at 144 major research universities (N = 1460) participated in a survey. Results demonstrated that faculty think the academic evaluation of UAP information and more academic research on this topic are important. Curiosity outweighed scepticism or indifference. Overwhelmingly and regardless of discipline, faculty were aware of reports but not legislation. Faculty varied in personal explanations for UAP, and nearly one-fifth reported UAP observations. We discuss the implications of these results for the future of the academic study of UAP.
A year to remember?
Authors: Baker Paul 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This paper describes the collection and analysis of the most recent edition of the Brown family, the BE21 corpus, consisting of 1 million words of written British English texts, published in 2021. Using the Coefficient of Variance, the frequencies of part of speech tags in BE21 are compared against the other four British members of the Brown family (from 1931, 1961, 1991 and 2006). Part of speech tags that are steadily increasing or decreasing in all five or the latest three corpora are examined via concordance lines and their distributions in order to identify long-standing and emerging trends in British English. The analysis points to the continuation of some trends (such as declines in modal verbs and titles of address), along with newer trends like the rise of first person pronouns. The analysis indicates that more general trends of densification, democratisation and colloquialisation are continuing in British English.
Vowel shifts in Middle Wichi (Mataguayan family, South America)
Authors: Nercesian Verónica , Arellano Nicolás 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This paper analyzes vowel shifts in Wichi (Mataguayan, South America) between the 18th and early 20th centuries,
some of which contributed to the emergence of the Pilcomayeño and Bermejeño dialects. Based on a historical database and using the
comparative method, we date the vowel shift over the period we have named as Middle Wichi. At the early stage of
this period, the /e/ > /a/ lowering is analyzed as a sporadic change, spread across the dialects in part of the vocabulary. At
a later stage, the chain shift /ɑ/ > /o/ > /u/ > /e, i/, the merger of /u/ with /e/ and /i/, and the sporadic change of
/i/>/e/ lowering in some words took place in Bermejeño. The paper explores implications in the implementation of sound change,
the regular changes and the lexical diffusion, in particular, in chain shifting. It also explores some connections with other
Mataguayan languages in both the lowering e>a and the possible causes of the changes. Thus, the paper contributes to the
historical study of the Wichi language and the Mataguayan family in the Gran Chaco area in South America.
“Not all motherfuckers are MENA, but most MENA are motherfuckers”
Authors: Gómez-Camacho Alejandro , Hunt-Gómez Coral I. , Núñez-Roman Francisco , Esteban Adrián Neubauer 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The number of unaccompanied foreign minors (Menor Extranjero No Acompañado, MENA) in Spain has
risen, which has led to them being the subject of discriminatory language and negative stereotyping on Twitter. This study
analyses the characteristics of hate speech against MENA on the social platform Twitter and seeks to identify its
triggers. A quantitative analysis using text mining and text analytics was performed on 10,776 tweets mentioning
MENA published from January 2018 to March 2021. The study concluded that hate speech was built around the
terms criminal, rape and steal, and was characterized by use of language that stripped these
minors of the features usually attributed to children, a process which can be described as adultification.
Similarly, the analysis revealed that the main trigger of hate speech was the way in which the media reported violent crimes
attributed to MENA, displaying what was perceived as positive bias towards their integration.