bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A dynamic model of the bi‐exponential reconstitution and expenditure of W′ in trained cyclists
Authors: Chorley Alan , Marwood Simon , Lamb Kevin L. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different recovery power outputs on the reconstitution of W′ and to develop a dynamic bi‐exponential model of W′ during depletion and reconstitution. Ten trained cyclists (mass 71.7 ± 8.4 kg; V̇O2max 60.0 ± 6.3 ml·kg−1·min−1) completed three incremental ramps (20 W·min−1) to the limit of tolerance on each of six occasions with recovery durations of 30 and 240 s. Recovery power outputs varied between 50 W (LOW); 60% of critical power (CP) (MOD) and 85% of CP (HVY). W′ reconstitution was measured following each recovery and fitted to a bi‐exponential model. Amplitude and time constant (τ) parameters were then determined via regression analysis accounting for relative intensity and duration to produce a dynamic model of W′. W′ reconstitution slowed disproportionately as recovery power output increased (p < 0.001) and increased with recovery duration (p < 0.001). The amplitudes of each recovery component were strongly correlated to W′ reconstitution after 240 s at HVY (r = 0.95), whilst τ parameters were found to be related to the fractional difference between recovery power and CP. The predictive capacity of the resultant model was assessed against experimental data with no differences found between predicted and experimental values of W′ reconstitution (p > 0.05). The dynamic bi‐exponential model of W′ accounting for varying recovery intensities closely described W′ kinetics in trained cyclists facilitating real‐time decisions about pacing and tactics during competition. The model can be customised for individuals from known CP and W′ and a single additional test session.Highlights

A dynamic bi‐exponential model of W′ accounting for both varying power output and duration.
Individual customisation of the model can be achieved with a single specific test session.
W′ reconstitution slows disproportionally with increasing intensity after repeated bouts.
Morality in the Making of Sense and Self
Authors: Hollander Matthew M. , Turowetz Jason 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Chapter 2 applies an interaction order theoretical framework to the sociology of morality, using Milgram’s lab as a case study of morality in interaction. Milgram’s experiment dramatically illustrates the trouble that arises when fundamental interaction order obligations, which include recognizing and supporting the selves of fellow interactants, come into conflict with the demands of an institutional activity. First, we present the interaction order framework for our analysis of what occurred in Milgram’s lab. Drawing on classic scholarship by Durkheim, Goffman, and Garfinkel, and its more recent extension by Rawls and others, we develop an argument regarding the interaction order, its grounding in Trust Conditions, its relationship to the moral order of a society, and its specific relevance for understanding the actions of Milgram’s participants. Second, we describe the sequential context of situated moral practice in Milgram’s experiment and the emergence of what many participants treated as a serious moral dilemma. Third, we further explicate the moral order that underlies everyday interaction with a key distinction: (1) The underlying morality of interaction consists of the tacit moral expectations that pervade everyday life within a given society. By contrast, (2) morality evident in particular interactions arises when members of that society make violations of those expectations explicit by invoking rights and wrongs, obligations, entitlements, blame, and so forth. Finally, we illustrate these points empirically with an example from Milgram’s lab.
Introduction
Authors: Datta Arunima 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter introduces the key actors in this book, the travelling ayahs, and the contexts which they frequently dealt with whilst serving their employers and the British Empire. While setting the stage for the chapters to follow, this chapter also lays the ground for the principal historical objective of the book—that is, to re-vision the experience of waiting. In particular it draws attention to the complexities and nuanced aspects of the experience of waiting and its importance in the lives of those involved in transnational labour flows. This chapter proposes re-visioning and re-evaluating the idea of ‘waiting’ as an important space, experience, and process for understanding the complex experiences of migrants and the responses to migrants’ problems and claims by individuals and institutions situated within colonial networks. Moreover, it explains how and why a nuanced understanding of waiting can enhance our knowledge of lesser-known transnational political, economic, and social networks within the British Empire, which influenced the everyday experiences of those who travelled within these networks and contributed not only to the everyday functioning of the British Empire but also, in the long term, to its transformation.
Becoming Travelling Ayahs and Supporting the Empire
Authors: Datta Arunima 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter frames the book for readers by providing background knowledge of travelling ayahs, how and why they were recruited, and their importance to the British Empire. The chapter explains the concerns and considerations that underlay the selection of caregivers who travelled with European women and children and demonstrates the central place of travelling ayahs in the regular traffic between Britain and Asian colonies which was essential to the Empire’s administration. It highlights key differences between the experience of travelling ayahs and of ayahs who worked in their home regions in India. The chapter also explores how travelling ayahs figured within the broader traffic of people moving between colonies and the metropole; discusses the life, work, and challenges faced by travelling ayahs while whilst onboard ship; and, in the process, highlights the particular place of travelling ayahs in the imperial British imagination. Finally, it notes the ways that travelling ayahs exerted agency in negotiating for what they considered rightful compensation and deserved benefits and how they consciously struggled, sometimes individually, sometimes in alliance with others, to ensure that their interests were addressed by employers. In so doing, this chapter also considers the ways in which travelling ayahs used broader gendered understandings of health, morality, and vulnerability within the context of imperial labour migration networks to influence employers and gain acceptance of what they regarded as their rights.
Old and New Inequalities
Authors: Fu Huiyan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter explains how the rural-urban migration and citizenship is of central importance to grappling with China’s ever-shifting contours of precarious work and social inequalities. To obtain a better understanding of this key characteristic, a brief navigation of historical trajectories is conducted, which sets out to bring anthropological perspectives to bear on the elusive cultural domain and its interconnections with institutional forces. Specifically, the chapter illustrates the complex ways in which traditional Confucian beliefs and values are embedded and/or appropriated in three phases of major political and economic transformations: (1) the pre-reform era (1949–1978), (2) the reform era (1979–2007), and (3) the regulation era (2008–present). The findings shed light on the symbolic power of culture and its implications for social change.
Organizing Temporary Agency Workers in Japan
Authors: Suzuki Akira 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines inclusive responses of Japanese unions to the growth of non-regular workers, especially temporary agency workers. It presents three cases of union organizing of agency workers and examines how unions with inclusive responses try to represent the interests of these workers. The three cases are the Haken Union (Dispatched Workers’ Union), local unions of JMIU (a leftist-oriented union in metal-related industries), and JSGU (Jinzai Sabisu or Human Resources Service General Union). Based on a comparison of their inclusive strategies, the chapter identifies two distinctive types of organizing among non-regular workers, cooperative and arm’s length organizing, with a view to showing the implications for the labour movement in a post-pandemic Japan.
The Weaver’s Handshake
Authors: Elkins Amy E. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This introduction positions weaving as a critical framework for understanding the book’s approach to craft and feminist literary studies. It provides readers with a primer on craft studies as a discipline alongside the new modernist studies, arguing for a reorientation of artistic hierarchies that have traditionally placed painting and sculpture at the top, with textile arts, ceramics, and other forms of so-called “women’s work” near the bottom. As such, it dismantles the patriarchal hierarchies of art, suggesting that the materials, processes, and collaborations that inform craft belong in conversations across the visual and verbal—especially in women’s work, where craft has so consistently supported political resistance and narratives of critique and remaking. Linking scholarly form and content, it describes the author’s experiential approach to studying texts as a queer research archive, and which extends to the scholarly detective work of locating lost or marginalized archival objects and artworks.
Collage and Queer Embodiment
Authors: Elkins Amy E. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter investigates the significance of collage to feminist experimentation and queer embodiment. It weaves together a study of Ali Smith’s writing as a theorist, art critic, and novelist in the context of feminist collage with art by Pauline Boty who was, during her short life, considered Britain’s only female pop artist. Autumn, Smith’s 2016 novel, set—and published—in the wake of the Brexit vote, revitalized interest in Boty and connects collage aesthetics to the queer edges of resistance. This chapter tracks Boty’s craft media and subversive political processes, looking at how Smith uses collage as a framework that dramatizes the ruptures and repairs between nations and individuals, as well as between the personal and the political. Smith writes her characters into the political friction of the late-twentieth and twenty-first centuries, layering creative storytelling with unflinching critiques of nationalism and xenophobia, environmental crises, academic and institutional gatekeeping, surveillance and technology, and the challenges to women’s archives and the patriarchal timeline of canonical history-making. At the same time, this chapter traces a celebration of queer domestic life, the beauty and persistence of art, and the feminist practice of remaking and repairing the timeline of women’s creative agency across media.
Moderation and the Mean in the Literature of Spain's Golden Age
Authors: Rabone Richard 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis book presents the first sustained analysis of the reception of the Aristotelian golden mean and related ideas of moderation in the literature and thought of early modern Spain (1500–1700). It argues that the critically neglected ethical credo of moderation was an important part of the classical inheritance exploited by Golden-Age authors, as Aristotle’s familiar but contested doctrine informed a range of literary discourses in intricate and challenging ways. Analysis is divided broadly into two sections. The first focuses on the interpretation and transmission of the mean itself, outlining the reception of Aristotle’s Ethics in Spain and the early modern approach to the mean in particular. This includes detailing areas where early modern readers challenged or modified Aristotle’s account, and other intermediary sources which inform or reflect the Renaissance understanding of the mean and moderation. After study of the figures of Icarus and Phaethon, who embody one such modification to Aristotle while also providing a bridge to literary analysis, the monograph’s second section offers detailed case studies of three major writers: Garcilaso, Calderón, and Gracián. These studies show how different writers rely on different strands of the mean’s multifaceted intellectual reception. Moreover, scrutiny of these authors’ engagement with moderation and the mean suggests new answers to several long-standing disputes in Golden-Age scholarship, including Garcilaso’s treatment of tradition and the problematic genre of Eclogue 2; characterization, tragedy, and the disputed figure of the King in El médico de su honra; and the obscure moral didaxis of Gracián’s Criticón.
Trivial Pursuit? Extremes, Resolution, and the Search for Happiness in Gracián’sEl Criticón
Authors: Rabone Richard 
Published: July 2023

AbstractChapter 5 studies the presentation of the mean in Gracián’s Criticón, the most sophisticated and sustained engagement with the doctrine in Golden-Age literature. It argues that Gracián is not simply advocating Aristotle’s mean, but that scrutiny of the mean allows the Criticón’s long-controversial ethical teaching to be clearly set out, and that the Criticón’s governing allegory should be read as Gracián’s answer to the old Christian–Aristotelian controversy over the role of earthly felicitas. The chapter begins by discussing the Criticón’s generic and intellectual affiliations, alongside the implications of its title, to illustrate the kind of ethical system we should expect, and why its specifics have proved hard to codify. The chapter then examines the Criticón’s presentation of the mean, beginning with summary references to its lexis and logic, which offer invaluable guidance for Gracián’s approach. The bulk of the chapter then offers detailed analysis of the Criticón, setting out the process for moral decision-making which represents its central teaching. This focuses on major set-piece scenes where Critilo and Andrenio must follow the logic of the mean at crossroads of two or three paths; the extension of the logic of the mean into matters of perception; and the interaction of these issues with other ethical questions introduced throughout the work. The analysis shows how Gracián’s system for ethical decision-making is built up carefully but in piecemeal fashion, and only successfully enacted in the Criticón’s final chapters, where the location of Felisinda represents Gracián’s contribution to debates surrounding Aristotelian virtue and eudaimonia.
Captaining ‘The Ship’
Authors: Sloan John 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In the three years from 1886 to 1889, new works continued to flow from Lang’s pen: an introductory treatise to Perrault’s Fairy Tales, an original fairy tale for young people set in historical times, The Gold of Fairnilee, and collaboration with Rider Haggard on a fantasy novel, The World’s Desire. He added Gold of Parnassus to his collections of verse and accepted a commission to write a biography of the Conservative politician, Sir Stafford Northcote. His monthly causerie, ‘At the Sign of the Ship’, proved popular, providing an influential platform for his opinions on new novels, English and French poetry, and the literary trade, as well as on developments in anthropology, classical archaeology, and psychical research. Lang defended Stevenson and Haggard and the novel of adventure in the contentious ‘Realism versus Romance’ debate. Although Myth Ritual and Religion enhanced his reputation in the field of comparative anthropology, he had begun to question the evolution from ‘savage’ to ‘civilized’ in matters of religion on which it was premised, and in 1888, the year the book was published, he was elected Gifford Lecturer for two years at St Andrews University, with plans to develop his thinking on the origins of religious belief.
The Principles of Historiographical Criticism
Authors: Wight Martin , YOST DAVID S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Wight noted that there are two “stock answers” in assessing the greatness of historical writing: “literary power” and “accuracy and reliability.” W. K. Hancock suggested three virtues for the historian—“attachment, justice and span.” Attachment, “the opposite of detachment,” calls for involvement in people and situations, while “justice or fairness is born to redress the balance between varying attachments.” Span shows “an awareness of background: it places the object of immediate and intense study in its proper perspective with the other objects, near or distant, to which it is necessarily related.” In Wight’s view, these three virtues are not “quite comprehensive enough.” Wight proposed that historical works be critically “considered under at least four headings: Mastery of the Sources, Historical Imagination, Historical Architecture, and Philosophical Depth.” The minimum requirement for a historian is mastering the relevant sources. Historical Imagination enables the scholar “to enter into the past, to understand it from the inside, to re-experience it.” Historical Architecture provides for “an apprehension of the passage of time.” Historical Reflection, which Wight also calls Philosophical Depth, concerns “fundamental beliefs about the nature of man and history.” The philosophical import of a work of history may be formulated as “concealed” or “implicit” theory. In Wight’s judgment, “The highest task of historiographical criticism would be to discriminate the kind of historical reflection which is not itself subject to decay”—works of the calibre of Thucydides and Ranke.
Review of Charles Petrie, Diplomatic History 1713–1933 (London: Hollis & Carter, 1946)
Authors: Wight Martin , YOST DAVID S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Petrie composed, Wight observed, “an international history that falls into two contrasted sections. The first is interesting and useful, the second is the reverse.… The survey of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, which makes the bulk of the book, is skilful and lucid.… It is in the final chapters that the book goes to pieces.… The politics of the Central Powers, the Polish Question, Ludendorff’s diplomacy which was to Hitler’s what Louis XIV’s was to Napoleon’s, the defeat of Russia, are ignored altogether.… It contains no mention of the League of Nations as a new departure in diplomacy. It omits the Washington Conference of 1921–2 and the post-war settlement in the Pacific. It ignores Mussolini’s seizure of power, and the Corfu incident.… It assumes, without describing or explaining, the break-up of the Hapsburg and Russian Empires and the establishment of the Succession States;… it mentions neither Allied intervention in Russia, nor the Russo-Polish War, nor the Little Entente.… Sir Charles deplores a Europocentric view of international relations.… but in the final chapter, covering 1923 to 1933, he is once more culpable. His picture is Western Europe, and Locarno is the centre-piece. The Far East, the Civil War in China, is again ignored.… The curtain falls upon Hitler’s accession to power, without the Japanese conquest of Manchuria having been mentioned.”
Review of Marc Bloch, The Historian’s Craft, translated from the French by Peter Putnam (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1954)
Authors: Wight Martin , YOST DAVID S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
One of France’s leading historians in the interwar period, Marc Bloch was unable to complete his last book, a meditation on the historian’s vocation, because he was captured and killed by the Germans in 1944 for his Resistance endeavors. The surviving draft makes clear Bloch’s conviction that history encompasses all human activities and artifacts. As Wight noted, the “final goal” of this vast and comprehensive ambition is “understanding.” Historical criticism “excludes judgment, and distrusts both ‘the idol of origins’ and ‘the fetish of the single cause’ as insidious forms of attributing blame.” Moreover, Bloch championed drawing on many fields of learning: “To understand the attitude of the medieval vassal to his seigneur you must inform yourself about his attitude toward his God.” In Bloch’s words, “The only true history, which can advance only through mutual aid, is universal history.” As Wight observed, “It follows that history deals with the living as well as the dead, and the study of contemporary history differs from that of the remote past only in degree.” Wight concluded that Bloch’s testament “may prove to be the most influential writing of a great humanist, but … also the best explanation yet written of why, in the last century, history has become, and has deserved to become, the queen of the sciences.”
Introduction
Authors: Godden Richard 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A book about labor and language, and their interrelation in a time of emergent finance (1973–2007), Fictions of Finance at the End of an American Century begins by establishing historical and theoretical grounds for their interrelation. Departing from Marx’s account of language as “practical consciousness” made from “agitated air,” the introduction centrally does two things: first, it assesses the sources of agitation, registered within the process of capitalist value production, as finance “apparently” displaces manufacture from value’s core. Second, to establish language as a “practice” whose semantics and syntax derive from generative contradictions within an economy, it follows Mikhail Bakhtin in arguing that since language intends toward the world, its intent, acted upon, proves inseparable from the materiality of things. Where that materiality results from the structural agitations within the production of capitalist value, language will operate as an index of structural contradictions, registered as syntactical breakage and semantic opacity, and produced as semantic sediments by structurally driven antagonistic accents. Given that literature requires slow, close, and recursive reading, it makes apparent conflicting social accents, forming as the sedimentation of systemic breakage, hesitation, and whisper.
The Bodies in the Bubble
Authors: Godden Richard 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
While predominantly concerned with the transformation of the Internal Revenue Service (I.R.S.) during the 1980s, David Foster Wallace’s The Pale King (2011) represents signal contradictions in the nature of money, from 1971 (when Richard Nixon ended the convertibility of the dollar into gold) to 2008 the financial crisis (when derivative trading dominated global financial markets). As unstable admixtures of abstraction and concreteness, Wallace’s fictional I.R.S. workers embody the changing nature of those contradictions and the uneasy convergence between corporate and corporeal persons caught within the particular processes of abstraction associated with financialization.
Ancients and Moderns on Immersion
Authors: Ready Jonathan L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractJust as they talk about what we call identification, ancient writers discuss factors we consider when analyzing immersion. They describe how the narrated events seem to happen in front of the recipient or how the recipient seems to travel to the world of the events. They also posit several factors that enable these experiences, from the use of details to the deployment of a specific style. Modern researchers posit different sorts of immersion and present granular models of the factors that trigger an immersive experience. Some rely on introspection, but a good number build on empirical studies of audience response.