bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound‐assisted extraction of oilseeds—sustainability processes to obtain traditional and non‐traditional food ingredients: A review
Authors: Chalapud Mayra C. , Carrín María Elena 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOilseeds are sources of not only major compounds such as oil and meal but also of bioactive compounds. Their conventional extraction is related to long extraction time, large non‐renewable solvent consumption, high temperature, and therefore, high energy consumption. Ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) has emerged as a new and green technology, which can accelerate and/or improve the extraction process of these compounds. Moreover, the possibility of using renewable solvents in the UAE enhances its application and allows obtaining both extracted and remaining products more compatible with current human consumption requirements. This article examines the mechanisms, concepts, and factors that impact oilseeds' UAE with an emphasis on the extraction yield and quality of oil, meal, and bioactive compounds. Furthermore, the effects of combining UAE with other technologies are addressed. Gaps detected in the analyzed literature about oilseed treatment and quality and properties of products, in addition to perspectives about their uses as food ingredients, are also included. Moreover, it highlights the need for increasing research on process scalability, on environmental and economic impacts of the whole process, and on the phenomenological description about the effect of process variables on extraction performances, which will be a key tool for process design, optimization, and control. Understanding ultrasound processing techniques for the extraction of different compounds from oilseeds will serve as useful information for fats and oils and meal scientists in academia and industry to explore the possibility of employing this sustainable approach during the extraction treatment of various crops.
Estimating temporally variable selection intensity from ancient DNA data with the flexibility of modelling linkage and epistasis
Authors: He Zhangyi , Dai Xiaoyang , Lyu Wenyang , Beaumont Mark , Yu Feng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInnovations in ancient DNA (aDNA) preparation and sequencing technologies have exponentially increased the quality and quantity of aDNA data extracted from ancient biological materials. The additional temporal component from the incoming aDNA data can provide improved power to address fundamental evolutionary questions like characterizing selection processes that shape the phenotypes and genotypes of contemporary populations or species. However, utilizing aDNA to study past selection processes still involves considerable hurdles like how to eliminate the confounding factor of genetic interactions in the inference of selection. To address this issue, we extend the approach of He et al., 2023 to infer temporally variable selection from the aDNA data in the form of genotype likelihoods with the flexibility of modelling linkage and epistasis in this work. Our posterior computation is carried out by a robust adaptive version of the particle marginal Metropolis‐Hastings algorithm with a coerced acceptance rate. Our extension inherits the desirable features of He et al., 2023 such as modelling sample uncertainty resulting from the damage and fragmentation of aDNA molecules and reconstructing underlying gamete frequency trajectories of the population. We evaluate its performance through extensive simulations and show its utility with an application to the aDNA data from pigmentation loci in horses.
Biogenic silica accumulation in picoeukaryotes: Novel players in the marine silica cycle
Authors: Churakova Yelena , Aguilera Anabella , Charalampous Evangelia , Conley Daniel J. , Lundin Daniel , Pinhassi Jarone , Farnelid Hanna 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIt is well known that the biological control of oceanic silica cycling is dominated by diatoms, with sponges and radiolarians playing additional roles. Recent studies have revealed that some smaller marine organisms (e.g. the picocyanobacterium Synechococcus) also take up silicic acid (dissolved silica, dSi) and accumulate silica, despite not exhibiting silicon dependent cellular structures. Here, we show biogenic silica (bSi) accumulation in five strains of picoeukaryotes (<2–3 μm), including three novel isolates from the Baltic Sea, and two marine species (Ostreococcus tauri and Micromonas commoda), in cultures grown with added dSi (100 μM). Average bSi accumulation in these novel biosilicifiers was between 30 and 92 amol Si cell−1. Growth rate and cell size of the picoeukaryotes were not affected by dSi addition. Still, the purpose of bSi accumulation in these smaller eukaryotic organisms lacking silicon dependent structures remains unclear. In line with the increasing recognition of picoeukaryotes in biogeochemical cycling, our findings suggest that they can also play a significant role in silica cycling.
Lymphocytopenia and survival after whole‐brain radiotherapy in patients with small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Lin Yu‐Jung , Kang Yu‐Mei , Wu Yuan‐Hung , Chen Yi‐Wei , Hu Yu‐Wen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate whether whole‐brain radiotherapy (WBRT) decreases lymphocyte counts and evaluate the impact of treatment‐related lymphopenia on survival in patients with brain metastasis.MethodsMedical records from 60 small‐cell lung cancer patients treated with WBRT from January 2010 to December 2018 were included in the study. Total lymphocyte count (TLC) was obtained pre and post treatment (within 1 month). We performed linear and logistic regression analyses to identify predictors of lymphopenia. The association between lymphopenia and survival was analyzed using Cox regression analysis.ResultsThirty‐nine patients (65%) developed treatment‐related lymphopenia. The median TLC decrease was −374 cells/μL (interquartile range −50 to −722, p < 0.001). Baseline lymphocyte count was a significant predictor of TLC difference and percentage change in TLC. Logistic regression analysis found male sex (odds ratio [OR] 0.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.00–0.79, p = 0.033) and higher baseline lymphocyte count (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.82–0.99, p = 0.005) were associated with a lower risk of developing ≥grade 2 treatment‐related lymphopenia. Cox regression analysis showed that age at brain metastasis (hazard ratio [HR] 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.05, p = 0.013), ≥grade 2 treatment‐related lymphopenia, and percentage change in TLC (per 10%, HR 0.94, 95% CI 0.89–0.99, p = 0.032) were prognostic factors of survival.ConclusionsWBRT decreases TLC and the magnitude of treatment‐related lymphopenia is an independent predictor of survival in small‐cell lung cancer patients.
Blockchain technology adoption and accounting information quality
Authors: Fang Bin , Liu Xinming , Ma Chen , Zhuo Yusang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe study investigates the implications of companies' adoption of blockchain technology on accounting information quality. Based on a sample of 33,242 firm‐year observations from A‐share companies listed on China's stock exchanges in 2007–2019, we find evidence that blockchain technology adoption significantly improves accounting information quality. Further, additional tests demonstrate that the mechanism of blockchain exerting its positive effect include strengthening corporate governance and realising synergies with large audit firms, while cross‐sectional tests show that its positive effect on accounting information quality is attenuated if the company is in an industry with high IT development or has experienced an audit firm change. Economic consequence tests show that the adoption of blockchain is conducive to companies' financing behaviour, as well as to overall firm value. Consequently, our results suggest the positive effect of blockchain technology on accounting information quality.
Imaginaries and problematisations: A heuristic lens in the age of artificial intelligence in education
Authors: Rahm Lina , Rahm‐Skågeby Jörgen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper suggests that artificial intelligence in education (AIEd) can be fruitfully analysed as ‘policies frozen in silicon’. This means that they exist as both materialised and proposed problematisations (problem representations with corresponding solutions). As a theoretical and analytical response, this paper puts forward a heuristic lens that can provide insights into how AI technologies (or advocated AI technologies) function as proposed solutions to certain problematisations based on various imaginaries about how education and learning are best performed or supported. The combined reading of imaginaries and problematisations can thereby aid in our understanding of why and how visions of learning and education are framed in relation to AIEd developments. The overall ambition is to advance theoretical and analytical approaches towards an educational system which is (anticipated as) increasingly permeated by AI systems—systems that also support and implement, more or less, invisible models, standards and assessments of learning, as well as more grand visions of (technology‐augmented) education in society.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Artificial intelligence in education (AIEd) is repeatedly presented as a solution for a range of educational ‘problems’.

This means that such ‘solutions’ must also frame certain aspects as ‘problems’.

Such problems and ‘solutions’ (problematisations) also exist within certain imaginaries of the present times and of the future, where these problematisations are presented as particularly significant and acute, and promoting specific anticipations of learning and ideals of education.

What this paper adds

An exposition of problematisations in educational settings.

An exposition of educational imaginaries.

A heuristic lens for understanding the ‘present’ and ‘future’ in a particular imaginary as entangled in, and dependent on, a certain ‘past’.

Implications for practice and/or policy

The approach presented in this paper provides a heuristic lens for examining how AI technologies (or advocated AI technologies) function as proposed solutions to problematisations based on imaginaries about how education and learning are best performed or supported.

This aids our understanding of how and why certain visions of learning and education are framed in relation to AIEd developments (real or imagined).

It also advances theoretical and analytical approaches towards an educational system, which is (anticipated as) increasingly permeated by AI systems—systems that also support and implement, more or less, invisible models, standards and assessments of learning, as well as more grand visions of (technology‐augmented) education in society.
Neocortical and medial temporal seizures have distinct impacts on brain responsiveness
Authors: Russo Simone , Mikulan Ezequiel , Zauli Flavia Maria , Sartori Ivana , Solbiati Michela , Furregoni Giulia , Porro Marta , Revay Martina , Rosanova Mario , David Olivier , Massimini Marcello , Tassi Laura , Pigorini Andrea 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFocal epileptic seizures are characterized by abnormal neuronal discharges that can spread to other cortical areas and interfere with brain activity, thereby altering the patient's experience and behavior. The origin of these pathological neuronal discharges encompasses various mechanisms that converge toward similar clinical manifestations. Recent studies have suggested that medial temporal lobe (MTL) and neocortical (NC) seizures are often underpinned by two characteristic onset patterns, which, respectively, affect and spare synaptic transmission in cortical slices. However, these synaptic alterations and their effects have never been confirmed or studied in intact human brains. To fill this gap, we here evaluate whether responsiveness of MTL and NC are differentially affected by focal seizures, using a unique data set of cortico‐cortical evoked potentials (CCEPs) collected during seizures triggered by single‐pulse electrical stimulation (SPES). We find that responsiveness is abruptly reduced by the onset of MTL seizures, despite increased spontaneous activity, whereas it is preserved in the case of NC seizures. The present results provide an extreme example of dissociation between responsiveness and activity and show that brain networks are diversely affected by the onset of MTL and NC seizures, thus extending at the whole brain level the evidence of synaptic alteration found in vitro.
Comparative activity of the enantiomers of fenfluramine and norfenfluramine in rodent seizure models, and relationship with their concentrations in plasma and brain
Authors: Erenburg Natalia , Hamed Roa’a , Shaul Chanan , Perucca Emilio , Bialer Meir 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the comparative antiseizure activity of the individual enantiomers of fenfluramine and its major active primary metabolite norfenfluramine in rodent seizure models, and its relationship with the pharmacokinetics of these compounds in plasma and brain.MethodsThe antiseizure potency ofd,l‐fenfluramine (racemic fenfluramine) was compared with the respective potencies of its individual enantiomers and the individual enantiomers of norfenfluramine using the maximal electroshock (MES) test in rats and mice, and the 6‐Hz 44 mA test in mice. Minimal motor impairment was assessed simultaneously. The time course of seizure protection in rats was compared with the concentration profiles ofd‐fenfluramine,l‐fenfluramine, and their primary active metabolites in plasma and brain.ResultsAll compounds tested were active against MES‐induced seizures in rats and mice after acute (single‐dose) administration, but no activity against 6‐Hz seizures was found even at doses up to 30 mg/kg. Estimates of median effective doses (ED50) in the rat‐MES test were obtained for all compounds except ford‐norfenfluramine, which caused dose‐limiting neurotoxicity. Racemic fenfluramine had approximately the same antiseizure potency as its individual enantiomers. Bothd‐andl‐fenfluramine were absorbed and distributed rapidly to the brain, suggesting that seizure protection at early time points (≤2 h) was related mainly to the parent compound. Concentrations of all enantiomers in brain tissue were >15‐fold higher than those in plasma.SignificanceAlthough there are differences in antiseizure activity and pharmacokinetics among the enantiomers of fenfluramine and norfenfluramine, all compounds tested are effective in protecting against MES‐induced seizures in rodents. In light of the evidence linking thed‐enantiomers to cardiovascular and metabolic adverse effects, these data suggest thatl‐fenfluramine andl‐norfenfluramine are potentially attractive candidates for a chiral switch approach leading to development of a novel, enantiomerically‐pure antiseizure medication.
Assessing the effects of the large‐scale road construction on the ethnic disparities of accessibility in Tibet from 2010 to 2020
Authors: Miao Yi , Dai Teqi , Song Jinping 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTibet is the main consist of the Tibetan Plateau and also inhabited by minorities in China. How to promote its road accessibility and narrow the gap between different ethnic groups should draw more attention. This study analyzes both territorial accessibility (At) and potential accessibility (Ap) in Tibet from 2010 to 2020, as well as the disparities within and between main ethnic groups, exploring whether ethnic minorities undertook the accessibility disparity or loss. The findings are as follows: (1) At and Ap are characterized by a center‐periphery structure with a remarkably improvement and spatial difference from 2010 to 2020. The disparity between counties tends to widen slightly, whereas the increment of At shows the opposite feature. (2) The Hui and Han ethnic groups enjoy better accessibility than Tibetans, and the other ethnic minorities have insufficient accessibility, though with prominent improvement. The disparity in At within ethnic groups is smaller but tends to widen; by contrast, that of Ap is larger but tends to narrow. The Hui ethnic group enjoys relative equal accessibility, which tends to be more so, while Tibetans face unequal accessibility with no obvious improvement. (3) The proportion of Tibetans is negatively correlated with the improved accessibility, but those of the other ethnic minorities are positively correlated with the increment of At, indicating that the accessibility improvement in Tibet tilts to the ethnic minorities in remote areas. The overall spatial disparities in accessibility in Tibet tend to widen, but this does not totally apply to those between and within ethnic groups. Nonetheless, the construction of transport infrastructure alone may not be able to achieve equality. Above results may provide reference for related research and policy making for remote and minority areas in China and other similar regions.
Hemosiderosis in chronic dialysis patients: Monitoring the response to deferasirox by quantitative hepatic magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Bekhechi Wafae , Chiali Hakim , Khelil Latifa , Sari‐Hamidou Rawda , Benmansour Mustapha 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionHemosiderosis of chronic dialysis has always been a frequent phenomenon in dialysis; formerly related to blood transfusions before the advent of Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agents (ESA), it is currently in connection with the use of massive doses of injectable iron, to ensure the full therapeutic efficacy of ESA. Few studies have looked at the therapeutic aspect of iron chelators in the dialysis population.MethodsWe followed 31 dialysis patients treated for secondary hemosiderosis with deferasirox (DFX) at the dose 10 mg/kg/day, by hepatic MRI from September 2017 to September 2021, in order to evaluate the efficacy of iron chelators on the reduction of liver iron concentration (LIC). The diagnosis of hemosiderosis was carried for a value of the LIC > 50 μmol/g of dry liver.ResultsChelation resulted in a significant reduction in liver iron burden as measured by liver MRI: (201.4 ± 179.9 vs. 122.6 ± 154.3 μmol/g liver) (p = 0.000) and in mean ferritin level: (2058.8 ± 2004.9 vs. 644.2 ± 456.6 ng/mL) (p = 0.002). A gain of 1.1 g/dL in mean hemoglobin level: (10.5 ± 1.6 vs. 11.6 ± 2.0 g/dL) (p = 0.006). A significant increase in mean albumin level: (43 ± 5.5 to 46.2 ± 6.1 g/L) (p = 0.04). The therapeutic response was clearly influenced by the cause of overload, longer in polytransfused patients (p = 0.023) and the degree of overload assessed by MRI (p = 0.003) and ferritin level (p = 0.04).ConclusionDFX, prescribed at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day, resulted in a significant reduction in hepatic iron burden as measured by liver MRI and ferritin. The therapeutic response was clearly influenced by blood transfusions and the degree of iron overload.
Lithium‐ion battery cell production in Europe: Scenarios for reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions until 2030
Authors: Degen Florian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe market for electric vehicles is growing rapidly, and there is a large demand for lithium‐ion batteries (LIB). Studies have predicted a growth of 600% in LIB demand by 2030. However, the production of LIBs is energy intensive, thus contradicting the goal set by Europe to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and become GHG emission free by 2040. Therefore, in this study, it was analyzed how the energy consumption and corresponding GHG emissions from LIB cell production may develop until 2030. Economic, technological, and political measures were considered and applied to market forecasts and to a model of a state‐of‐the art LIB cell factory. Notably, different scenarios with trend assumptions and above/below‐trend assumptions were considered. It could be deduced that, if no measures are taken and if the status quo is extrapolated to the future, by 2030, ∼5.86 Mt CO2‐eq will be emitted due to energy consumption from European LIB cell production. However, by applying a combination of economic, technological, and political measures, energy consumption and GHG emissions could be decreased by 46% and 56% by 2030, respectively. Furthermore, it was found that political measures, such as improving the electricity mix, are important but less dominant than improving the production technology and infrastructure. In this study, it could be deduced that, by 2030, through industrialization and application of novel production technologies, the energy consumption and GHG emissions from LIB cell production in Europe can be reduced by 24%.
Pharmacokinetics of aminocaproic acid in thoroughbred horses
Authors: Maxwell Lara , McCarrel Taralyn M. , Hay Scott , Cole Cynthia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe antifibrinolytic agent aminocaproic acid (ACA) is occasionally used prior to episodes of intense training in racehorses suffering from exercise‐induced pulmonary hemorrhage. Although a previous study indicated that the drug is cleared rapidly in horses, some racetrack practitioners claim that recent adverse analytical findings for ACA in postrace samples were from ACA administrations 5–7 days before the race. The purpose of this study was to re‐examine the pharmacokinetics of ACA in horses to address this apparent conundrum. Eight exercise‐conditioned thoroughbred horses were administered 5 g of ACA IV, and blood and urine samples were collected at pre‐determined time points prior to drug administration and for up to 168 h after dosing. Concentrations of ACA in the serum and urine samples were determined by LC–MS/MS. The pharmacokinetics of ACA in serum were best described by a three‐compartment model with a terminal elimination half‐life of 24.2 ± 2.9 h. After dosing, ACA was above the lower limit of detection (1 ng/mL for serum and 10 ng/mL for urine) in all serum and urine samples at all time points. In a similar manner, ACA was above the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ; 10 ng/mL for serum and 100 ng/mL for urine) in all serum and urine samples collected from all horses from 0.5 to 120 h post dosing. In six of the eight horses, ACA was above the LLOQ 168 h after dosing in serum and urine samples. LC–MS/MS methodology is the industry standard for testing of samples collected from racehorses with the purpose of controlling the use of medications and performance altering substances. The improved sensitivity of the analytical procedure used in the present study allowed the detection of a prolonged terminal elimination phase of ACA in horses that had not previously been described. Currently, most racing jurisdictions have not adopted a permitted concentration or threshold for ACA in postrace samples, and therefore veterinarians need to allow for an extended withdrawal time of a minimum of 11 days after the administration of ACA to racehorses to substantially reduce the risk of adverse analytical findings of ACA in postrace samples.