bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attention-guided erasing for enhanced transfer learning in breast abnormality classification
Authors: Panambur Adarsh Bhandary , Bhat Sheethal , Yu Hui , Madhu Prathmesh , Bayer Siming , Maier Andreas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Breast cancer remains one of the most prevalent cancers globally, necessitating effective early screening and diagnosis. This study investigates the effectiveness and generalizability of our recently proposed data augmentation technique, attention-guided erasing (AGE), across various transfer learning classification tasks for breast abnormality classification in mammography.

Methods
AGE utilizes attention head visualizations from DINO self-supervised pretraining to weakly localize regions of interest (ROI) in images. These localizations are then used to stochastically erase non-essential background information from training images during transfer learning. Our research evaluates AGE across two image-level and three patch-level classification tasks. The image-level tasks involve breast density categorization in digital mammography (DM) and malignancy classification in contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM). Patch-level tasks include classifying calcifications and masses in scanned film mammography (SFM), as well as malignancy classification of ROIs in CEM.

Results
AGE significantly boosts classification performance with statistically significant improvements in mean F1-scores across four tasks compared to baselines. Specifically, for image-level classification of breast density in DM and malignancy in CEM, we achieve gains of 2% and 1.5%, respectively. Additionally, for patch-level classification of calcifications in SFM and CEM ROIs, gains of 0.4% and 0.6% are observed, respectively. However, marginal improvement is noted in the mass classification task, indicating the necessity for further optimization in tasks where critical features may be obscured by erasing techniques.

Conclusion
Our findings underscore the potential of AGE, a dataset- and task-specific augmentation strategy powered by self-supervised learning, to enhance the downstream classification performance of DL models, particularly involving ViTs, in medical imaging.
Recent trends in scientific research in chest radiology: What to do or not to do? That is the critical question in research
Authors: Hatabu Hiroto , Yanagawa Masahiro , Yamada Yoshitake , Hino Takuya , Yamasaki Yuzo , Hata Akinori , Ueda Daiju , Nakamura Yusei , Ozawa Yoshiyuki , Jinzaki Masahiro , Ohno Yoshiharu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Hereby inviting young rising stars in chest radiology in Japan for contributing what they are working currently, we would like to show the potentials and directions of the near future research trends in the research field. I will provide a reflection on my own research topics. At the end, we also would like to discuss on how to choose the themes and topics of research: What to do or not to do? We strongly believe it will stimulate and help investigators in the field.
Patch-Wise Deep Learning Method for Intracranial Stenosis and Aneurysm Detection-the Tromsø Study
Authors: Bernecker Luca , Mathiesen Ellisiv B. , Ingebrigtsen Tor , Isaksen Jørgen , Johnsen Liv-Hege , Vangberg Torgil Riise 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) and intracranial aneurysms are prevalent conditions in the cerebrovascular system. ICAS causes a narrowing of the arterial lumen, thereby restricting blood flow, while aneurysms involve the ballooning of blood vessels. Both conditions can lead to severe outcomes, such as stroke or vessel rupture, which can be fatal. Early detection is crucial for effective intervention. In this study, we introduced a method that combines classical computer vision techniques with deep learning to detect intracranial aneurysms and ICAS in time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography images. The process began with skull-stripping, followed by an affine transformation to align the images to a common atlas space. We then focused on the region of interest, including the circle of Willis, by cropping the relevant area. A segmentation algorithm was used to isolate the arteries, after which a patch-wise residual neural network was applied across the image. A voting mechanism was then employed to identify the presence of atrophies. Our method achieved accuracies of 76.5% for aneurysms and 82.4% for ICAS. Notably, when occlusions were not considered, the accuracy for ICAS detection improved to 85.7%. While the algorithm performed well for localized pathological findings, it was less effective at detecting occlusions, which involved long-range dependencies in the MRIs. This limitation was due to the architectural design of the patch-wise deep learning approach. Regardless, this can, in the future, be mitigated in a multi-scale patch-wise algorithm.
From self-compassion to obsessive-compulsive symptoms: the mediator role of intolerance of uncertainty
Authors: Kaçar-Başaran Servet , Gökdağ Ceren 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
High intolerance of uncertainty (IoU) is a well-defined risk and maintenance factor for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Studies have identified different antecedents of IoU, adding low self-compassion to this list. High self-compassion may make it easier for people to cope with uncertain situations and reduce self-blame and control in these situations. Although the protective role of self-compassion in different psychopathologies has been examined, few studies have investigated its role in OCD. No study has investigated the importance of the relationship between self-compassion and IoU for OCD symptoms. Considering that individuals with high self-compassion tendencies do not impose negative feelings on themselves in the face of uncertainties and are more tolerant of them, the association between self-compassion and IoU might be necessary for OCD. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between self-compassion, IoU, and OCD symptoms and test the mediating role of IoU between self-compassion and OCD symptoms. Four hundred-one adults voluntarily participated in the study and completed measures about self-compassion, IoU, OCD, depression, and anxiety. Results demonstrated the negative correlation between self-compassion and IoU and OCD. Mediation analysis results confirmed the hypothesis that self-compassion was associated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms through the IoU when controlling for depression and anxiety symptoms, gender, and age. Our findings were consistent with recent studies showing the importance of self-related psychological constructs for OCD. Low self-compassion is a feature that needs to be examined in this context as an essential initiator of obsessions and compulsions.
Quantification of Particle-Associated Viruses in Secondary Treated Wastewater Effluent
Authors: Wu Huiyun , Brighton Keegan , Chen Jiahao , Shuai Danmeng , Aw Tiong Gim 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Viruses can interact with a broad range of inorganic and organic particles in water and wastewater. These associations can protect viruses from inactivation by quenching chemical disinfectants or blocking ultraviolet light transmission, and a much higher dosage of disinfectants is required to inactivate particle-associated viruses than free viruses. There have been only few studies of the association of viruses with particles in wastewater, particularly in secondary treated effluent. As secondary effluent is the source water to the reclaimed water treatment system, this study quantified indigenous enteric viruses, and viral indicators associated with particles in secondary effluents collected from five full-scale water reclamation facilities in the United States. Particle-associated viruses were enumerated using a sequential filtration followed by microfluidic digital PCR. This study showed that enteric viruses and viral indicators (crAssphage and pepper mild mottle virus, PMMoV) were attached to particles of different sizes in secondary effluent. Significantly higher concentrations of RNA viruses including PMMoV, norovirus, and enterovirus were detected in filtrate of the sequential filtration, which contained particles < 0.45 µm. DNA viruses including adenovirus and crAssphage were found to be more associated with larger particles in secondary effluent. Overall, high correlations were observed between viral indicators and enteric viruses, supporting the use of crAssphage and PMMoV to evaluate virus removal efficiency in water and wastewater treatment processes. The association of viruses with particles in wastewater has significant implications on wastewater treatment and disinfection processes as well as virus enumeration in wastewater.

Graphic Abstract
Unlocking landfill biogas potential: a feasibility study on sustainable energy in the UAE
Authors: Razaviarani Vahid , Pushparajan Anushka 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Landfill biogas (LFB) projects present a promising solution for sustainable energy generation, yet their feasibility in arid climates remains largely unexplored. This study investigates the feasibility of generating biogas from landfill waste in the UAE, focusing on energy generation potential, economic viability, and environmental benefits. The study evaluates landfill biogas production using internal combustion engine and gas turbine technologies across three scenarios with varying methane content (40%, 50%, and 60% by volume). The results indicate that internal combustion engine technology demonstrates greater economic feasibility compared to the gas turbine technology, yielding a net present value of up to $83 million. Additionally, implementing landfill biogas to energy projects has the potential to power between 68,412 and 136,824 households while cutting greenhouse gas emissions by up to 66% compared to existing waste management practices. However, the relatively high levelized cost of energy underscores the need for policy interventions and financial incentives to enhance project viability. By addressing this critical knowledge gap, the study provides a replicable framework for optimizing waste-to-energy (WTE) systems in arid environments and contributes actionable insights to global renewable energy efforts.
The need for smart microalgal bioprospecting
Authors: Labara Tirado Joan , Herdean Andrei , Ralph Peter J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Microalgae’s adaptability and resilience to Earth’s diverse environments have evolved these photosynthetic microorganisms into a biotechnological source of industrially relevant physiological functions and biometabolites. Despite this, microalgae-based industries only exploit a handful of species. This lack of biodiversity hinders the expansion of the microalgal industry. Microalgal bioprospecting, searching for novel biological algal resources with new properties, remains a low throughput and time-consuming endeavour due to inefficient workflows that rely on non-selective sampling, monoalgal culture status and outdated, non-standardized characterization techniques. This review will highlight the importance of microalgal bioprospecting and critically explore commonly employed methodologies. We will also explore current advances driving the next generation of smart algal bioprospecting focusing on novel workflows and transdisciplinary methodologies with the potential to enable high-throughput microalgal biodiscoveries. Images adapted from (Addicted04 in Wikipedia File: Australia on the globe (Australia centered).svg. 2014.; Jin et al. in ACS Appl Bio Mater 4:5080–5089, 2021; Kim et al. in Microchim Acta 189:88, 2022; Tony et al. in Lab on a Chip 15, 19:3810–3810; Thermo Fisher Scientific INC. in CTS Rotea Brochure).

Graphical abstract
Wearable Biodevices Based on Two-Dimensional Materials: From Flexible Sensors to Smart Integrated Systems
Authors: Sun Yingzhi , He Weiyi , Jiang Can , Li Jing , Liu Jianli , Liu Mingjie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The proliferation of wearable biodevices has boosted the development of soft, innovative, and multifunctional materials for human health monitoring. The integration of wearable sensors with intelligent systems is an overwhelming tendency, providing powerful tools for remote health monitoring and personal health management. Among many candidates, two-dimensional (2D) materials stand out due to several exotic mechanical, electrical, optical, and chemical properties that can be efficiently integrated into atomic-thin films. While previous reviews on 2D materials for biodevices primarily focus on conventional configurations and materials like graphene, the rapid development of new 2D materials with exotic properties has opened up novel applications, particularly in smart interaction and integrated functionalities. This review aims to consolidate recent progress, highlight the unique advantages of 2D materials, and guide future research by discussing existing challenges and opportunities in applying 2D materials for smart wearable biodevices. We begin with an in-depth analysis of the advantages, sensing mechanisms, and potential applications of 2D materials in wearable biodevice fabrication. Following this, we systematically discuss state-of-the-art biodevices based on 2D materials for monitoring various physiological signals within the human body. Special attention is given to showcasing the integration of multi-functionality in 2D smart devices, mainly including self-power supply, integrated diagnosis/treatment, and human–machine interaction. Finally, the review concludes with a concise summary of existing challenges and prospective solutions concerning the utilization of 2D materials for advanced biodevices.
Silver and Titanium Oxides Coated on g-C3N4 Nanocomposite for Photocatalytic Degradation of Mixture of Brilliant Green-Congo Red Dyes and Ciprofloxacin Antibiotic Under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Prabakaran E. , Pillay K. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Silver and titanium oxides coated graphitic carbon nitride (Ag2O/TiO2/g-C3N4) nanocomposite was created by a single-step thermal polymerization. The Fourier Transform infrared (FT-IR), UV-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) methods, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), photoluminescence (PL), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were within the numerous techniques used to characterize this nanocomposite. Both the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum and the Tauc plot indicated that the Ag2O/TiO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposite had a lower electron-hole pair recombination rate and lower band gap energy. The coating of Ag2O and TiO2 on g-C3N4 was verified by TEM. The Ag2O/TiO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposite was used in the photocatalytic degradation of a Brilliant green (BG)-Congo red (CR) dye combination and ciprofloxacin (CIP) antibiotic under visible light irradiation. According to the research, under visible light irradiation, the Ag2O/TiO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposite photocatalytic activity simultaneously degraded a mixture of BG-CR dyes, with BG (93%) and CR (85%) degrading percentages in 70 min and CIP (82%) degrading in 120 min. Superoxide and hydroxyl radicals were primarily responsible for the degradation of BG and CR dyes under visible light irradiation, whereas holes and hydroxyl radicals were investigated as important oxidative species in the photocatalytic degradation of CIP utilizing the Ag2O/TiO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposite.

Graphical Abstract
Mehrdeutigkeit im oder Mehrdeutigkeit trotz Kontext?
Authors: Werner Martina , Krotz Elke , Rastinger Nina C. 
Published: January 2025

Zusammenfassung
Sowohl in der historischen Linguistik als auch in der Mediävistik treten gelegentlich Fälle von sprachlicher Ambiguität auf, die aus unterschiedlichen Gründen innerhalb der jeweiligen Disziplin zu entsprechenden Diskussionen über die angemessene Interpretation des jeweiligen Beleges führen. Ausgehend vom Forschungsstand zu sprachlicher Ambiguität am Beispiel der Ambiguität relationaler Adjektive beschäftigt sich der folgende Beitrag mit der Frage der Mehrdeutigkeit von Adjektiven im Althochdeutschen anhand einer Auswahl von Beispielen aus dem Referenzkorpus Altdeutsch (ReA), die zunächst aus formalen Gründen im Hinblick auf eine relationale und qualitative Lesart mehrdeutig sind und im Rahmen des Forschungsprojektes Relational Adjectives in the History of German (RAHiG; gefördert vom FWF, P32415) auf Basis einer speziell dafür entwickelten Methode ermittelt wurden. Im Beitrag sollen, ausgehend von der linguistischen Identifikation ambiger Beispiele, mit Hilfe literaturwissenschaftlicher Methodologie verschiedene Typen von Mehrdeutigkeit bei relationalen Adjektiven herausgearbeitet werden und hierbei die Rolle von sprachlichem vs. außersprachlichem Wissen diskutiert werden.
Estimation of powder factor in mine blasting: feasibility of tree-based predictive models
Authors: Jahed Armaghani Danial , Hayati Mohammad , Momeni Ehsan , Dowlatshahi Mohammad Bagher , Asteris Panagiotis G. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Drilling and blasting is a process frequently used in rock-surface and deep excavation. For a proper drilling plan, accurate prediction of the amount of explosive material is essential to reduce the environmental effects associated with blasting operations. This study introduces a series of tree-based models, namely extreme gradient boosting machine (XGBoost), gradient boosting machine (GBM), adaptive boosting machine (AdaBoost), and random forest (RF), for predicting powder factor (PF) values obtained from blasting operations. The predictive models were constructed based on geomechanical characteristics at the blasting site, blasting pattern parameters, and rock material properties. These tree-based models were designed and tuned to minimize system error or maximize accuracy in predicting PF. Subsequently, the best model from each category was evaluated using various statistical metrics. It was found that the XGBoost model outperformed the other implemented techniques and exhibited outstanding potential in establishing the relationship between PF and input variables in the training set. Among the input parameters, hole diameter received the highest significance rating for predicting the system output, while the point load index had the least impact on the PF values.
A Review of 25 Spontaneous and Dynamic Facial Expression Databases of Basic Emotions
Authors: Kim Hyunwoo , Bian Yifan , Krumhuber Eva G. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Most prior research on basic emotions has relied upon posed, static displays that do not accurately reflect the facial behavior seen in everyday life. To address this gap, the present paper aims to highlight existing facial expression databases (FEDBs) that feature spontaneous and dynamic displays of the six basic emotions. To assist readers in their decisions about stimulus selection, we comprehensively review 25 FEDBs in terms of three key dimensions: (a) conceptual features which reflect thematic approaches in database construction and validation, i.e., emotional content and elicitation procedures, encoder demographics, measurement and elicitation techniques; (b) technical features which concern technological aspects in stimulus development, i.e., stimulus numbers and duration, frame rate, and resolution; and (c) practical features which entail information about database access and potential ethical restrictions. Finally, we outline some of the remaining challenges in stimulus generation and make recommendations for future research.
Biochar application to soils can regulate soil phosphorus availability: a review
Authors: Zhang Lixin , Chang Lei , Liu Huijia , de Jesús Puy Alquiza María , Li Yuefen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is essential for basic natural processes and can limit the productivity of entire ecosystems. However, agricultural lands worldwide currently suffer from P deficiency. The application of P fertilizers is not only poorly utilized, but also results in the gradual accumulation of P. Biochar, a substance produced by the pyrolysis of biomass under low oxygen levels, is frequently used as a soil amendment. It provides P in a form that is readily available for plant uptake, and thus addresses both short- and long-term soil P deficiencies. In this paper, we systematically reviewed relevant studies on “biochar and soil” or “biochar and soil P” published in the past decade (2013–2023). A synthesis of the reported results revealed that analyzing the effect of biochar on soil P through changes in soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities has gradually emerged as a prominent area of research in recent years. The purpose of this study was to analyze the differential effects of biochar addition on soil P availability, including the clarification of the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that although biochar application generally exerts a positive effect on soil P availability, there are differences in the extent of effects based on application conditions. Shifting to mechanisms, biochar application not only directly increases the available phosphorus (AP) content of soil, but also indirectly influences soil P availability via changes in soil physical, chemical, and biological properties. To summarize, biochar application can affect soil P availability to different degrees through direct or indirect pathways.

Graphical Abstract
Population attributable fractions for risk factors for childhood anaemia: Findings from the 2017 Togo Malaria Indicator Survey
Authors: Ohene-Agyei Phyllis , Ndoadoumgue Aude Laetitia , Bana-Ewai Essossimna , Yaya Issifou , Nambiema Aboubakari 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Anaemia continues to be a major public health challenge in developing countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study estimated the proportion of anaemia cases that could be potentially prevented among children aged 6-59 months in Togo. Data from the 2017 national Malaria Indicator survey in Togo, the last one conducted to date, was used for this study. Maternal, child and household data were collected using a standard questionnaire administered face-to-face by trained interviewers. Haemoglobin tests were conducted for children and their mothers. A total of 2796 children were included in the analyses. The prevalence of anaemia was 75.0% (95% confidence interval, CI: 72.5-88.0). Factors associated with childhood anaemia were: age [(adjusted prevalence ratio, aPR=1.46 (CI: 1.37-1.56) for 6-23 months and aPR=1.23 (1.14-1.32) for 24-42 months, ref: 43-59 months], a later birth order (≥4th position) [aPR=1.11 (1.03-1.19), ref: 1st-2nd position], malaria in children [aPR=1.30 (1.22-1.38)], maternal age ≤25 [aPR=1.17 (1.08-1.27), ref: ≥35 years], maternal anaemia [aPR=1.13 (1.07-1.19)], lack of maternal education [aPR=1.10 (1.02-1.18), ref: ≥secondary], number of children under 5 in household [aPR=1.07 (1.00-1.14) for ≥3, ref: 0-1], unimproved sanitation facilities [aPR=1.12 (1.02-1.22)] and low/middle household incomes [aPR=1.16 (1.04-1.30) and aPR=1.13 (1.01-1.26), respectively, ref: high]. The population-attributable fraction was estimated at 8.2% (6.3-10.1%) for child-related modifiable factors, 11.1% (5.7-16.3%) for maternal-related factors, 15.8% (8.6-22.5%) for household-related factors, and 30.9% (24.0-37.2%) for the combination of all modifiable factors. This study highlighted a high prevalence of childhood anaemia in Togo and showed that a high proportion of this could be prevented.