bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autarky in Franco's Spain: The costs of a closed economy
Authors: Campos Rodolfo G. , Reggio Iliana , Timini Jacopo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBetween the 1940s and 1970s, Spain used a variety of economic policies that hindered international trade. Because the mix of tariffs, quotas, administrative barriers, and exchange rate regimes varied greatly over time, the quantification of the effect of the various trade policies on international trade in this period is particularly elusive. In this paper, we use historical bilateral trade flows and a structural gravity model to quantify the evolution of Spain's border thickness, a summary measure of its barriers to international trade. We find that Spain's borders in the period 1948–75 were thicker than those of any other country in Western Europe, even after the liberalization of trade that started in 1959. These comparatively higher impediments to international trade implied substantial negative effects on consumer welfare. We estimate that accumulated welfare costs over the period 1948–75 exceed 20 per cent of a year's total consumption.
Prognosis of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia relapsing after allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Ferra Coll Christelle , Morgades de la Fe Mireia , Prieto García Laura , Vaz Carlos Pinho , Heras Fernando María Inmaculada , Bailen Almorox Rebeca , Garcia‐Cadenas Irene , Calabuig Muñoz Marisa , Ripa Teresa Zudaire , Zanabili Al‐Sibai Joud , Novoa Sandra , Aguado Beatriz , Torrent Catarineu Anna , López‐Godino Oriana , Martino Bofarull Rodrigo , Kwon Mi , Campos Júnior Antonio , Caballero Barrigón Dolores , Ribera Santasusana Josep‐Maria 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe outcomes of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) presenting relapse after allogeneic stem cell transplant (allo‐SCT) are poor, with few data available in this setting.Objective and MethodsTo evaluate the outcomes of patients with ALL presenting relapsed after allo‐SCT, we performed a retrospective study including 132 from 11 centres in Spain.ResultsTherapeutic strategies consisted of palliative treatment (n = 22), chemotherapy (n = 82), tyrosine kinase inhibitors (n = 26), immunotherapy with inotuzumab and/or blinatumumab (n = 19), donor lymphocyte infusions (n = 29 pts), second allo‐SCT (n = 37) and CAR T therapy (n = 14). The probability of overall survival (OS) at 1 and 5 years after relapse was 44% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 36%; 52%) and 19% (95% CI: 11%; 27%). In the 37 patients undergoing a second allo‐SCT, the 5‐year estimated OS probability was 40% [22%; 58%]. Younger age, recent allo‐SCT, late relapse, 1st complete remission at 1st allo‐SCT and chronic graft‐versus‐host disease confirmed their positive impact on survival in the multivariable analysis.ConclusionDespite the poor prognosis of patients with ALL presenting relapse after a first allo‐SCT, some can be satisfactorily rescued and a second allo‐SCT still remains a valid option for selected patients. Moreover, emerging therapies really might improve ALL patients outcome when relapsing after an allo‐SCT.
A universal grain‐size distribution of soil with scaling invariance
Authors: Zhang Jun , Li Yong , Yang Taiqiang , Liu Jingjing , Guo Xiaojun , Yao Yingjie 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSoils are composed of wide‐ranged grains and grain size distribution (GSD) is the fundamental characteristic determining the physical and hydraulic properties. Previously we have proposed a GSD function for various soils. However, the remarkable discrepancy in the distribution occurs in some soils, which not only limits the applicability of the function but also raises doubt as to the possibility of a universal GSD function. In this study we modify the GSD function to a general form of P(D) ~ D−μexp(−D/Dc)n, which introduces a new exponent n for the grain size scale. It turns out that this modification has eliminated the discrepancies and universally applies to a great variety of soils from around the world (hence to be a universal GSD function, UGSD). The exponent n is proved to be a scaling factor of grain size in log‐scale and divides soils into three categories of n < 1 n > 1, and n = 1. Furthermore, soils of surface processes (e.g., erosion, tillage, desertification, landslides, avalanches, deposition, and sediment transportation) remain in the same category and preserve the UGSD function. Thus, the UGSD not only provides parameters μ and Dc as synthetic indices for soil properties (e.g., as indices for spatial heterogeneity or variables for pedotransfer functions), but also describes texture changes in dynamic processes. The UGSD function represents a ‘conservative law’ underlying soil genesis and processes, which fills the knowledge gaps related to the lack of universally applicable indices for soil properties, and thus has universal applications in soil classification, spatial variability, as well as dynamical processes.
New cellular imaging‐based method to distinguish the SPG4 subtype of hereditary spastic paraplegia
Authors: Sardina Francesca , Valente Davide , Fattorini Gaia , Cioffi Ettore , Zanna Gianmarco Dalla , Tessa Alessandra , Trisciuoglio Daniela , Soddu Silvia , Santorelli Filippo M. , Casali Carlo , Rinaldo Cinzia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeMicrotubule defects are a common feature in several neurodegenerative disorders, including hereditary spastic paraplegia. The most frequent form of hereditary spastic paraplegia is caused by mutations in the SPG4/SPAST gene, encoding the microtubule severing enzyme spastin. To date, there is no effective therapy available but spastin‐enhancing therapeutic approaches are emerging; thus prognostic and predictive biomarkers are urgently required.MethodsAn automated, simple, fast and non‐invasive cell imaging‐based method was developed to quantify microtubule cytoskeleton organization changes in lymphoblastoid cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells.ResultsIt was observed that lymphoblastoid cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from individuals affected by SPG4‐hereditary spastic paraplegia show a polarized microtubule cytoskeleton organization. In a pilot study on freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, our method discriminates SPG4‐hereditary spastic paraplegia from healthy donors and other hereditary spastic paraplegia subtypes. In addition, it is shown that our method can detect the effects of spastin protein level changes.ConclusionsThese findings open the possibility of a rapid, non‐invasive, inexpensive test useful to recognize SPG4‐hereditary spastic paraplegia subtype and evaluate the effects of spastin‐enhancing drug in non‐neuronal cells.
Anti‐kelchlike protein 11 antibody‐associated encephalitis: Two case reports and review of the literature
Authors: León Betancourt Alejandro , Schwarzwald Anina , Millonig Alban , Oberholzer Michael , Sabater Lidia , Hammer Helly , Kamber Nicole , Diem Lara , Chan Andrew , Hoepner Robert , Salmen Anke , Friedli Christoph 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeKelchlike protein 11 antibodies (KLHL11‐IgGs) were first described in 2019 as a marker of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNSs). They have mostly been associated with testicular germ cell tumors (tGCTs).MethodsTwo patients with KLHL11‐IgG encephalitis are reported, and the literature is comprehensively reviewed.ResultsPatient 1 had been in remission from a tGCT 10 years prior. He developed episodic vertigo and diplopia progressing over a few days. Treatment with corticosteroids (CSs) was started a few days after symptom onset. Patient 2 had transient diplopia, which resolved spontaneously. Visual problems persisted for 7 months, when he additionally developed a progressive cerebellar syndrome. One year after onset, CS treatment was started. Initial magnetic resonance imaging was unremarkable in both patients, but analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) revealed chronic inflammation. KLHL11‐IgG was positive in both patients (Patient 1 only in CSF, Patient 2 in serum). Neoplastic screening has so far not revealed any signs of active underlying malignancy. We found 15 publications of 112 patients in total with KLHL11‐IgG encephalitis. Most patients (n = 82) had a cerebellar syndrome with or without signs of rhombencephalitis. The most common symptoms were ataxia (n = 82) and vertigo (n = 47), followed by oculomotor disturbances (n = 35) and hearing disorders (n = 31). Eighty of 84 patients had a GCT as an underlying tumor.ConclusionsOur cases demonstrate classical symptoms of KLHL11‐IgG encephalitis. Early diagnosis and therapy are imperative. As with other PNSs, clinical awareness is needed and further studies are required especially in regard to therapeutic management.
Myrmecophily of Horniolus fortunatus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors: Yoshitomi Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe biology of Horniolus fortunatus (Lewis, 1896) has been fragmentarily reported, but what the larvae and adults feed on and the immature stages are still unknown. In this article, I report that this coccinellid adult and larva feed on mealybugs (Planococcus sp.) living in the nest of the ant Crematogaster matsumurai Forel, 1901.
Re‐recognition of deep spalling damage mechanism of rolling contact fatigue under heavy load
Authors: Xia Zhuofan , Wu Di , Zhang Xiaochen , Wang Jianqiu , Han En‐Hou 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a detailed analysis of the nucleation and propagation of surface‐initiated crack in rolling contact fatigue (RCF) of bearing steel under heavy load. The cracks initiated from the junction of machining marks and trailing edge of dents formed by the plastic deformation. Crack propagation and spalling were mainly composed of three stages: (1) cracks initiating from surface defects propagate downward to form small spalling pits; (2) due to the surface stress and the maximum Hertz stress form a stress bridge, the cracks continue to expand towards the Hertz stress peak forming big spall; (3) the trailing edge of the spalling pit is used as the stress raiser to initiate next subsurface cracks and spalling expansion in successive. Different from previous understanding on the formation of subsurface‐initiated spalling, the results indicate that under heavy load the spalling at depth of the maximum shear stress zone in the subsurface can initiate from surface cracks.
Effect of carbon and tungsten content on the phase equilibria, microstructure, and mechanical properties of (Nb,W)C–Ni cermets
Authors: Huang Jinhua , Huang Shuigen , Vleugels Jef 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWith the assistance of thermodynamic simulation, the NbC–Ni based cermets with different W and C additions were designed and sintered in liquid state at 1390°C for 90 min in vacuum. By controlling the carbon and tungsten content, (Nb,W)C–Ni based cermets were prepared with varied phase constitution, microstructure, and mechanical properties. The microstructure, composition of phases, grain size, and equilibrium phases were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, EBSD, and X‐ray diffraction. The simulation reasonably predicted the experimentally observed phase constitutions. Depending on the additions, detailed analysis indicated that the cermets were composed of either a combination of cubic (Nb,W)C solid solution and Ni alloy binder or with an additional carbon‐deficient phase. Furthermore, mechanical analysis showed a strong dependence of its mechanical properties (Vickers hardness, indentation toughness, and flexural strength) on the phases and NbC grain size.
Sex‐specific difference in the relationship between body fat percentage and arterial stiffness: Results from Fuzhou study
Authors: Gong Jin , Han Ying , Gao Gufeng , Chen Ai , Fang Zhoufei , Lin Dongjie , Liu Yulong , Luo Li , Xie Liangdi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObesity and overweight are closely related to cardiovascular mortality. Arterial stiffness is one of the important risks for cardiovascular diseases and is strongly related with the cardiovascular mortality. However, the relationship between obesity and arterial stiffness is still controversial. A cross‐sectional study was performed to examine the relationship of body fat percentage (BFP), an indicator of obesity, with carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) in 2603 subjects (aged 58.62 ± 11.27 years, male 71.07%, hypertension 64.89%). All participants were divided into four groups according to the gender and the presence of arterial stiffening based on a value ≥10 m/s of cfPWV(group1 : male with cfPWV <10 m/s, group2 : male with cfPWV ≥10 m/s, group3 : female with cfPWV <10 m/s, group4 : female with cfPWV ≥10 m/s). Body weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure were measured and clinical biochemical tests were recorded. cfPWV was measured using a non‐invasive automatic device (Complior Analysis, France). BFP were calculated by CUN‐BAE equation. The level of cfPWV was significantly increased with the increasing trend of BFP in both males and females. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that SBP, DBP, HR, Hcy, BFP, FPG were independent associated with cfPWV in females and SBP, eGFR, FPG, BFP, DBP were independent associated with cfPWV in males. In the subgroups stratified by age, BFP was correlated with cfPWV only in females over 60 years old, but not in female those aged under 60 years old and males. In addition to the age and blood pressure, BFP was one of important predictor of arterial stiffening special in females aged over 60 years old.
Seasonal stability and species specificity of environmentally acquired chemical mating signals in orchid bees
Authors: Darragh Kathy , Linden Tess A. , Ramírez Santiago R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTraits that mediate reproductive isolation between species, such as those involved in mate choice and/or recognition, are predicted to experience stabilizing selection towards the species mean. Male orchid bees collect chemical compounds from many sources, such as plants and fungi, which they use as a perfume signal (pheromone) during courtship display, and are suggested to contribute to reproductive isolation between species. Environmentally acquired signals are more prone to variation as source availability can vary through space and time. If orchid bee perfumes are important for reproductive isolation between species, we expect them to exhibit stable species‐specific differences in time and space. Here, we describe phenotypic patterns of inter‐ and intraspecific variation in the male perfumes of three sympatric species of Euglossa orchid bees across an entire year, investigating both their seasonality and species specificity. Our analysis revealed considerable within‐species variation in perfumes. However, species specificity was maintained consistently throughout the year, supporting the idea that these perfumes could play an important role in reproductive isolation and are experiencing stabilizing selection towards a species mean. Our analysis also identified strong correlations in the abundance of some compounds, possibly due to shared collection sources between species. Our study suggests that orchid bee perfumes are robust in the face of environmental changes in resource availability and thus can maintain reproductive isolation between species.
CAD–CAM natural restorations—Reproducing nature using a digital workflow
Authors: Segundo Ângelo Raphael Toste Coelho , Saraiva Sérgio , de Castro Carla , Sesma Newton , Bohner Lauren , Andretti Fabio Luiz , Coachman Christian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesNatural restorations combine digital workflow and shell technique to create CAD/CAM restorations with the form and texture of natural teeth. This case report describes an interdisciplinary digital workflow combined with CAD/CAM natural restorations to achieve the naturalness of an anterior rehabilitation. Clinical considerations: A 38‐year‐old patient attended to the office with esthetic issues. An interdisciplinary treatment plan was conducted, which included periodontal surgery to recreate the gingival contour, associated with bleaching and manufacturing CAD/CAM ceramic veneers to return an optimal teeth surface texture and shape.ConclusionsThe design and manufacturing of CAD/CAM natural restorations using a digital workflow allowed a predictable result and overcame the limitations of conventional shell technique.Clinical SignificanceConventional shell technique is used to create restorations with the form and texture of natural teeth. This article presents a combination of the conventional shell technique with a digital workflow, facilitating the design and manufacturing of CAD/CAM natural restorations.
Can the Behaviour Intervention Plan Quality Evaluation, Version 2, be simplified for use by stakeholders with limited experience of positive behaviour support?
Authors: Vassos M. , Carberry T. , Davis F. , Wardale S. , Nankervis K. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundBehaviour support plan (BSP) quality auditing tools like the Behaviour Intervention Plan Quality Evaluation, Version 2 (BIPQEII), assess the quality of a BSP from the perspective of technical compliance with behavioural principles. However, these principles may be inaccessible to interested stakeholders with limited experience and knowledge of positive behaviour support (PBS). The aim of this study was to test if a simplified version of the BIPQEII [the Behaviour Support Plan Audit Tool (BSPA‐tool)] offers a reliable and valid assessment of a BSP's technical compliance with behavioural principles when used by professional stakeholders with varying levels of PBS experience and knowledge.MethodsFour scorers rated 50 de‐identified BSPs using the BSPA‐tool, with one scorer also rating the BSPs using the BIPQEII. Four weeks later, each scorer rated 25 of the 50 BSPs again using the BSPA‐tool. Prior to BSP scoring, a group of PBS practitioners provided feedback on the BSPA‐tool's content validity.ResultsThe BSPA‐tool was found to have acceptable content and parallel‐form validity; however, acceptable internal consistency and inter‐rater and intra‐rater reliability were dependent on PBS experience/knowledge, that is, scorers with more experience/knowledge achieved more acceptable levels of reliability.ConclusionsThis study confirms that even with simplification, BSP quality auditing tools based on technical compliance with behavioural principles are still only accessible to stakeholders with extensive experience/knowledge of PBS. To engage less‐experienced stakeholders in BSP quality auditing processes, new audit tools need to be developed that focus on other aspects of BSP quality (e.g. readability and consultation).
Seeing clearly – Plant anatomy through Katherine Esau's microscopy lens
Authors: Geitmann Anja 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDescribing, naming and understanding the tissues and cell types composing biological organisms underpin myriad research endeavours in the biosciences. This is obvious when the organismal structure is a direct subject of the investigation such as in analyses of structure–function relationships. However, it also applies when structure represents the context. Gene expression networks and physiological processes cannot be divorced from the spatial and structural framework of the organs in which they operate. Atlases of anatomy and a precise vocabulary are therefore key tools on which modern scientific endeavours in the life sciences are based. One of the seminal authors whose books are familiar to nearly everyone in the plant biology community is Katherine Esau (1898–1997), a phenomenal plant anatomist and microscopist whose textbooks are still used daily around the world – 70 years after their first publication. Several technical innovations in microscopy have emerged since Esau's time and plant biological studies by authors who were trained using her books are shown side‐by‐side with Esau's drawings.
Lipid metabolism in dopaminergic neurons influences light entrainment
Authors: Fernandez Regina F. , Wilson Emily S. , Diaz Victoria , Martínez‐Gardeazabal Jonatan , Foguth Rachel , Cannon Jason R. , Jackson Shelley N. , Hermann Brian P. , Eells Jeffrey B. , Ellis Jessica M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDietary lipids, particularly omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, are speculated to impact behaviors linked to the dopaminergic system, such as movement and control of circadian rhythms. However, the ability to draw a direct link between dopaminergic omega‐3 fatty acid metabolism and behavioral outcomes has been limited to the use of diet‐based approaches, which are confounded by systemic effects. Here, neuronal lipid metabolism was targeted in a diet‐independent manner by manipulation of long‐chain acyl‐CoA synthetase 6 (ACSL6) expression. ACSL6 performs the initial reaction for cellular fatty acid metabolism and prefers the omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The loss of Acsl6 in mice (Acsl6−/−) depletes neuronal membranes of DHA content and results in phenotypes linked to dopaminergic control, such as hyperlocomotion, impaired short‐term spatial memory, and imbalances in dopamine neurochemistry. To investigate the role of dopaminergic ACSL6 on these outcomes, a dopaminergic neuron‐specific ACSL6 knockout mouse was generated (Acsl6DA−/−). Acsl6DA−/− mice demonstrated hyperlocomotion and imbalances in striatal dopamine neurochemistry. Circadian rhythms of both the Acsl6−/− and the Acsl6DA−/− mice were similar to control mice under basal conditions. However, upon light entrainment, a mimetic of jet lag, both the complete knockout of ACSL6 and the dopaminergic‐neuron‐specific loss of ACSL6 resulted in a longer recovery to entrainment compared to control mice. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that ACSL6 in dopaminergic neurons alters dopamine metabolism and regulation of light entrainment suggesting that DHA metabolism mediated by ACSL6 plays a role in dopamine neuron biology.image
Evaluation of eight registration algorithms applied to the insula and insular gyri
Authors: Kang KiChang , Sathe Anish , Mandloi Shreya , Muller Jennifer , Ozuna Glenn Arturo Gonzalez , Franco Daniel , Miller Christopher , Sharan Ashwini , Mohamed Feroze B. , Faro Scott , Alizadeh Mahdi , Wu Chengyuan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeSpatial registration is crucial in establishing correspondence between anatomic brain regions for research and clinical purposes. The insular cortex (IC) and gyri (IG) are implicated in various functions and pathologies including epilepsy. Optimizing registration of the insula to a common atlas can improve the accuracy of group‐level analyses. Here, we compared six nonlinear, one linear, and one semiautomated registration algorithms (RAs) for registering the IC and IG to the Montreal Neurologic Institute standard space (MNI152).Methods3T images acquired from 20 controls and 20 temporal lobe epilepsy patients with mesial temporal sclerosis underwent automated segmentation of the insula. This was followed by manual segmentation of the entire IC and six individual IGs. Consensus segmentations were created at 75% agreement for IC and IG before undergoing registration to MNI152 space with eight RAs. Dice similarity coefficients (DSCs) were calculated between segmentations after registration and the IC and IG in MNI152 space. Statistical analysis involved the Kruskal‐Wallace test with Dunn's test for IC and two‐way analysis of variance with Tukey's honest significant difference test for IG.ResultsDSCs were significantly different between RAs. Based on multiple pairwise comparisons, we report that certain RAs performed better than others across population groups. Additionally, registration performance differed according to specific IG.ConclusionWe compared different methods for registering the IC and IG to MNI152 space. We found differences in performance between RAs, which suggests that algorithm choice is important factor in analyses involving the insula.