bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Global Geomagnetic Field Variations Over the Past 100,000 Years on Cosmogenic Radionuclide Production Rates in the Earth's Atmosphere
Authors: Panovska Sanja , Poluianov Stepan , Gao Jiawei , Korte Monika , Mishev Alexander , Shprits Yuri Y. , Usoskin Ilya 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe production rates of cosmogenic radionuclides, such as 10Be, 14C, and 36Cl, in the Earth's atmosphere vary with the geomagnetic field and solar activity. For the first time, the production rates of several cosmogenic nuclides are estimated for the past 100 ka based on global, time‐dependent geomagnetic field models and a moderate solar‐activity level. In particular, the production rates were high with no notable latitudinal dependence during the Laschamps geomagnetic excursion (41 ka BP). The mean global production of 10Be over the Laschamps excursion was more than two times greater than the present‐day one, whereas the increase was 1.9 times for the Norwegian‐Greenland Sea excursion (∼65 ka), and only 1.3 times for the Mono Lake/Auckland excursion (∼34 ka). All analyzed geomagnetic field models covering the past 100 ka, including the modern and Holocene epochs, lead to hemispheric asymmetry in the production rates, persistent overall time ranges, and reflected in the time‐averaged nuclide production rates. Production rates predicted by the geomagnetic field models are in good agreement with actual measurements from ice cores and sediment records. These global, long‐term production rates are important for a wide range of studies that employ cosmogenic nuclides as a proxy/tracer of different Earth system processes.
Active Layer Thickness and Permafrost Area Projections for the 21st Century
Authors: Peng Xiaoqing , Zhang Tingjun , Frauenfeld Oliver W. , Mu Cuicui , Wang Kang , Wu Xiaodong , Guo Donglin , Luo Jing , Hjort Jan , Aalto Juha , Karjalainen Olli , Luoto Miska 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPermafrost warming leads to greenhouse gas release to the atmosphere, resulting in a positive feedback to climate change. Earth system models indicate that more than 80% of the near‐surface permafrost is projected to disappear by the end of this century, but with a high degree of uncertainty. Here, we apply the Stefan solution to estimate permafrost degradation under future emission scenarios. We find that the most severe future scenario is likely to lead to only a 14% decrease in area extent of the near‐surface permafrost at 3.5 m depth, and an area extent decrease of 1.3% at a depth of 6.0 m. Relative to active layer thickness increases from historical simulations, we find a less than 30% deepening for most permafrost regions by the end of this century. These results imply that the Stefan solution provides near‐surface permafrost area extent degradation estimates that are substantially lower than directly projected by models.
Freshwater Contributions to Decadal Variability of the Indonesian Throughflow
Authors: Wang Shouyi , Ummenhofer Caroline C. , Oppo Delia W. , Murty Sujata A. , Wagner Patrick , Böning Claus W. , Biastoch Arne 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Makassar Strait, the main passageway of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), is an important component of Indo‐Pacific climate through its inter‐basin redistribution of heat and freshwater. Observational studies suggest that wind‐driven freshwater advection from the marginal seas into the Makassar Strait modulates the strait's surface transport. However, direct observations are too short (<15 years) to resolve variability on decadal timescales. Here we use a series of global ocean simulations to assess the advected freshwater contributions to ITF transport across a range of timescales. The simulated seasonal and interannual freshwater dynamics are consistent with previous studies. On decadal timescales, we find that wind‐driven advection of South China Sea (SCS) waters into the Makassar Strait modulates upper‐ocean ITF transport. Atmospheric circulation changes associated with Pacific decadal variability appear to drive this mechanism via Pacific lower‐latitude western boundary current interactions that affect the SCS circulation.
Research progress on endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis in kidney diseases
Authors: Wu Dan , Huang Li-Feng , Chen Xiao-Cui , Huang Xiao-Rong , Li Hui-Yuan , AN Ning , Tang Ji-Xin , Liu Hua-Feng , Yang Chen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays important roles in biosynthetic and metabolic processes, including protein and lipid synthesis, Ca2+ homeostasis regulation, and subcellular organelle crosstalk. Dysregulation of ER homeostasis can cause toxic protein accumulation, lipid accumulation, and Ca2+ homeostasis disturbance, leading to cell injury and even death. Accumulating evidence indicates that the dysregulation of ER homeostasis promotes the onset and progression of kidney diseases. However, maintaining ER homeostasis through unfolded protein response, ER-associated protein degradation, autophagy or ER-phagy, and crosstalk with other organelles may be potential therapeutic strategies for kidney disorders. In this review, we summarize the recent research progress on the relationship and molecular mechanisms of ER dysfunction in kidney pathologies. In addition, the endogenous protective strategies for ER homeostasis and their potential application for kidney diseases have been discussed.
Pyroptosis in renal inflammation and fibrosis: current knowledge and clinical significance
Authors: Liu Ya , Lei Haibo , Zhang Wenyou , Xing Qichang , Liu Renzhu , Wu Shiwei , Liu Zheng , Yan Qingzi , Li Wencan , Liu Xiang , Hu Yixiang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPyroptosis is a novel inflammatory form of regulated cell death (RCD), characterized by cell swelling, membrane rupture, and pro-inflammatory effects. It is recognized as a potent inflammatory response required for maintaining organismal homeostasis. However, excessive and persistent pyroptosis contributes to severe inflammatory responses and accelerates the progression of numerous inflammation-related disorders. In pyroptosis, activated inflammasomes cleave gasdermins (GSDMs) and generate membrane holes, releasing interleukin (IL)-1β/18, ultimately causing pyroptotic cell death. Mechanistically, pyroptosis is categorized into caspase-1-mediated classical pyroptotic pathway and caspase-4/5/11-mediated non-classical pyroptotic pathway. Renal fibrosis is a kidney disease characterized by the loss of structural and functional units, the proliferation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, which leads to interstitial fibrosis of the kidney tubules. Histologically, renal fibrosis is the terminal stage of chronic inflammatory kidney disease. Although there is a multitude of newly discovered information regarding pyroptosis, the regulatory roles of pyroptosis involved in renal fibrosis still need to be fully comprehended, and how to improve clinical outcomes remains obscure. Hence, this review systematically summarizes the novel findings regarding the role of pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis and discusses potential biomarkers and drugs for anti-fibrotic therapeutic strategies.
Dynamic spatial coding in parietal cortex mediates tactile-motor transformation
Authors: Klautke Janina , Foster Celia , Medendorp W. Pieter , Heed Tobias 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMovements towards touch on the body require integrating tactile location and body posture information. Tactile processing and movement planning both rely on posterior parietal cortex (PPC) but their interplay is not understood. Here, human participants received tactile stimuli on their crossed and uncrossed feet, dissociating stimulus location relative to anatomy versus external space. Participants pointed to the touch or the equivalent location on the other foot, which dissociates sensory and motor locations. Multi-voxel pattern analysis of concurrently recorded fMRI signals revealed that tactile location was coded anatomically in anterior PPC but spatially in posterior PPC during sensory processing. After movement instructions were specified, PPC exclusively represented the movement goal in space, in regions associated with visuo-motor planning and with regional overlap for sensory, rule-related, and movement coding. Thus, PPC flexibly updates its spatial codes to accommodate rule-based transformation of sensory input to generate movement to environment and own body alike.
Cellular state landscape and herpes simplex virus type 1 infection progression are connected
Authors: Pietilä Maija K. , Bachmann Jana J. , Ravantti Janne , Pelkmans Lucas , Fraefel Cornel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPrediction, prevention and treatment of virus infections require understanding of cell-to-cell variability that leads to heterogenous disease outcomes, but the source of this heterogeneity has yet to be clarified. To study the multimodal response of single human cells to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection, we mapped high-dimensional viral and cellular state spaces throughout the infection using multiplexed imaging and quantitative single-cell measurements of viral and cellular mRNAs and proteins. Here we show that the high-dimensional cellular state scape can predict heterogenous infections, and cells move through the cellular state landscape according to infection progression. Spatial information reveals that infection changes the cellular state of both infected cells and of their neighbors. The multiplexed imaging of HSV-1-induced cellular modifications links infection progression to changes in signaling responses, transcriptional activity, and processing bodies. Our data show that multiplexed quantification of responses at the single-cell level, across thousands of cells helps predict infections and identify new targets for antivirals.
Tuning the zeolite acidity enables selectivity control by suppressing ketene formation in lignin catalytic pyrolysis
Authors: Pan Zeyou , Puente-Urbina Allen , Batool Syeda Rabia , Bodi Andras , Wu Xiangkun , Zhang Zihao , van Bokhoven Jeroen A. , Hemberger Patrick 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUnveiling catalytic mechanisms at a molecular level aids rational catalyst design and selectivity control for process optimization. In this study, we find that the Brønsted acid site density of the zeolite catalyst efficiently controls the guaiacol catalytic pyrolysis mechanism. Guaiacol demethylation to catechol initiates the reaction, as evidenced by the detected methyl radicals. The mechanism branches to form either fulvenone (c-C5H4 = C = O), a reactive ketene intermediate, by catechol dehydration, or phenol by acid-catalyzed dehydroxylation. At high Brønsted acid site density, fulvenone formation is inhibited due to surface coordination configuration of its precursor, catechol. By quantifying reactive intermediates and products utilizing operando photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy, we find evidence that ketene suppression is responsible for the fivefold phenol selectivity increase. Complementary fulvenone reaction pathway calculations, along with 29Si NMR-MAS spectroscopy results corroborate the mechanism. The proposed, flexible operando approach is applicable to a broad variety of heterogeneous catalytic reactions.
Absorption-induced transmission in plasma microphotonics
Authors: Bathish Baheej , Gad Raanan , Cheng Fan , Karlsson Kristoffer , Madugani Ramgopal , Douvidzon Mark , Chormaic Síle Nic , Carmon Tal 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIonised gas, i.e., plasma, is a medium where electrons-ions dynamics are electrically and magnetically altered. Electric and magnetic fields can modify plasma’s optical loss, refraction, and gain. Still, plasma’s low pressure and large electrical fields have presented as challenges to introducing it to micro-cavities. Here we demonstrate optical microresonators, with walls thinner than an optical wavelength, that contain plasma inside them. By having an optical mode partially overlapping with plasma, we demonstrate resonantly enhanced light-plasma interactions. In detail, we measure plasma refraction going below one and plasma absorption that turns the resonator transparent. Furthermore, we photograph the plasma’s micro-striations, with 35 μm wavelength, indicating magnetic fields interacting with plasma. The synergy between micro-photonics and plasma might transform micro-cavities, and electro-optical interconnects by adding additional knobs for electro-optically controlling light using currents, electric-, and magnetic-fields. Plasma might impact microphotonics by enabling new types of microlasers and electro-optical devices.
Multifactor transcriptional control of alternative oxidase induction integrates diverse environmental inputs to enable fungal virulence
Authors: Liu Zhongle , Basso Pauline , Hossain Saif , Liston Sean D. , Robbins Nicole , Whitesell Luke , Noble Suzanne M. , Cowen Leah E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMetabolic flexibility enables fungi to invade challenging host environments. In Candida albicans, a common cause of life-threatening infections in humans, an important contributor to flexibility is alternative oxidase (Aox) activity. Dramatic induction of this activity occurs under respiratory-stress conditions, which impair the classical electron transport chain (ETC). Here, we show that deletion of the inducible AOX2 gene cripples C. albicans virulence in mice by increasing immune recognition. To investigate further, we examined transcriptional regulation of AOX2 in molecular detail under host-relevant, ETC-inhibitory conditions. We found that multiple transcription factors, including Rtg1/Rtg3, Cwt1/Zcf11, and Zcf2, bind and regulate the AOX2 promoter, conferring thousand-fold levels of inducibility to AOX2 in response to distinct environmental stressors. Further dissection of this complex promoter revealed how integration of stimuli ranging from reactive species of oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur to reduced copper availability is achieved at the transcriptional level to regulate AOX2 induction and enable pathogenesis.
Segmentation metric misinterpretations in bioimage analysis
Authors: Hirling Dominik , Tasnadi Ervin , Caicedo Juan , Caroprese Maria V. , Sjögren Rickard , Aubreville Marc , Koos Krisztian , Horvath Peter 
Published: July 2023

AbstractQuantitative evaluation of image segmentation algorithms is crucial in the field of bioimage analysis. The most common assessment scores, however, are often misinterpreted and multiple definitions coexist with the same name. Here we present the ambiguities of evaluation metrics for segmentation algorithms and show how these misinterpretations can alter leaderboards of influential competitions. We also propose guidelines for how the currently existing problems could be tackled.
Application of telemedicine system on the management of general patient in quarantine
Authors: Lu Jiafa , Wang Xin , Zeng Xiaolin , Zhong Wanjing , Han Wei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTo limit the epidemic of COVID-19, most countries and regions have adopted the policy of quarantine, providing an opportunity for the development of telemedicine. This study aims to develop a telemedicine system within a quarantined district and validate its effectiveness and safety in managing a variety of diseases within the population. Appling the private network and specialized set, telemedicine system and service process were constructed in the quarantine district. Based on the patients’ conditions, the staffs supplied kinds of medical service for the patients in the quarantine district. The basic characteristics and results of patients in the quarantine area who used telemedicine system during January to September 2022 were statistically analyzed. Within this period, 2410 cases were included in this study, among which, 1803 patients directly saw a doctor by the Internet hospital in the Internet hospital of telemedicine system, 607 patients used telemedicine system, 166 patients achieved referral to a specific hospital via telemedicine system, and 162 cases made further consultation, with no infection cases in the quarantine zone and no death cases. The six most occurred diseases were respiratory disease (20.6%), ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology (12.9%), cardiovascular diseases (12.7%), digestive system disease (12.5%), dermatological diseases (10.6%), and metabolic and endocrine diseases (7.6%). The top three referred cases were obstetric diseases (19.3%), others (12.0%) and respiratory disease (10.2%). There were statistically significant differences between the diseases of the cases using telemedicine system with and without referral (P < 0.001). It is feasible, effective and efficient to construct and use telemedicine system in quarantine area. It is an approach to manage many patients by indirectly contact. With the solution of follow-up related problems and the application of novel technologies, telemedicine may usher in greater development.
Correlation between biological and mechanical properties of extracellular matrix from colorectal peritoneal metastases in human tissues
Authors: Lorenc Ewelina , Varinelli Luca , Chighizola Matteo , Brich Silvia , Pisati Federica , Guaglio Marcello , Baratti Dario , Deraco Marcello , Gariboldi Manuela , Podestà Alessandro 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPeritoneal metastases (PM) are common routes of dissemination for colorectal cancer (CRC) and remain a lethal disease with a poor prognosis. The properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) are important in cancer development; studying their changes is crucial to understand CRC-PM development. We studied the elastic properties of ECMs derived from human samples of normal and neoplastic PM by atomic force microscopy (AFM); results were correlated with patient clinical data and expression of ECM components related to metastatic spread. We show that PM progression is accompanied by stiffening of the ECM, increased cancer associated fibroblasts (CAF) activity and increased deposition and crosslinking in neoplastic matrices; on the other hand, softer regions are also found in neoplastic ECMs on the same scales. Our results support the hypothesis that local changes in the normal ECM can create the ground for growth and spread from the tumour of invading metastatic cells. We have found correlations between the mechanical properties (relative stiffening between normal and neoplastic ECM) of the ECM and patients’ clinical data, like age, sex, presence of protein activating mutations in BRAF and KRAS genes and tumour grade. Our findings suggest that the mechanical phenotyping of PM-ECM has the potential to predict tumour development.
Gilded vaterite optothermal transport in a bubble
Authors: Gilad Hod , Barhum Hani , Ushkov Andrey , Machnev Andrey , Ofer Daniel , Bobrovs Vjačeslavs , Ginzburg Pavel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLaser beams, capable of controlling the mechanical motion of micron-scale objects, can serve as a tool, enabling investigations of numerous interaction scenarios under full control. Beyond pure electromagnetic interactions, giving rise to conventional gradient forces and radiation pressure, environment-induced thermal effects can play a role and, in certain cases, govern the dynamics. Here we explore a thermocapillary Marangoni effect, which is responsible for creating long-range few hundreds of nano-Newton forces, acting on a bubble around a ‘gilded vaterite’ nanoparticle. Decorating calcium carbonate spherulite (the vaterite) with gold nanoseeds allows tuning its optical absorption and, as a result, controlling its temperature in a solution. We demonstrate that keeping a balance between electromagnetic and thermal interactions allows creating of a stable micron-scale bubble around the particle and maintaining its size over time. The bubbles are shown to remain stable over minutes even after the light source is switched off. The bubbles were shown to swim toward a laser focus for over 400-µm distances across the sample. Optothermal effects, allowing for efficient transport, stable bubble creation, and particle–fluid interaction control, can grant nano-engineered drug delivery capsules with additional functions toward a theragnostic paradigm shift.
β2-microglobulin and colorectal cancer among inpatients: a case–control study
Authors: Wang Huijie , Zheng Huanwei , Cao Xu , Meng Ping , Liu Jinli , Zheng Caihua , Zuo Haiying , Wang Zhichao , Zhang Teng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractΒ2-microglobulin (β2-M) is associated with various malignancies. However, the relationship between β2-M and colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. We explored the association between β2-M and CRC among inpatients who underwent colonoscopy and explored factors that may modify the association. All consecutive inpatients who underwent colonoscopy were enrolled in a tertiary hospital between April 2015 and June 2022. Inpatients with initial CRC or normal colonoscopies were considered eligible as cases or controls, respectively. Baseline characteristics and laboratory indicators of the participants were collected from electronic medical records. Logistic regression analysis, smooth curve fitting, sensitivity analysis, and subgroup analysis were conducted in the present study. After adjusting for baseline clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters, β2-M was positively associated with CRC (odds ratio [OR] 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11–1.58) among inpatients. When the β2-M level was assigned as tertiles, participants in the highest tertile presented with a higher risk of CRC (OR 2.33; 95% CI 1.57–3.48). A positive linear association was observed between β2-M and CRC with smooth curve fitting. In particular, it may be of great importance to monitor β2-M levels for predicting CRC patients.
Dimensional structure of one-year post-COVID-19 neuropsychiatric and somatic sequelae and association with role impairment
Authors: Leung Owen N. W. , Chiu Nicholas K. H. , Wong Samuel Y. S. , Cuijpers Pim , Alonso Jordi , Chan Paul K. S. , Lui Grace , Wong Eliza , Bruffaerts Ronny , Yip Benjamin H. K. , Mortier Philippe , Vilagut Gemma , Kwok Dora , Lam Linda C. W. , Kessler Ronald C. , Mak Arthur D. P. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study examined the latent structure of the broad range of complex neuropsychiatric morbidities occurring 1 year after COVID-19 infection. As part of the CU-COVID19 study, 248 (response rate=39.3%) of 631 adults hospitalized for COVID-19 infection in Hong Kong completed an online survey between March-2021 and January-2022. Disorder prevalence was compared against a random non-infected household sample (n=1834). 248 surveys were received on average 321 days post-infection (Mean age: 48.9, 54% female, moderate/severe/critical infection: 58.2%). 32.4% were screened to have at least one mental disorder, 78.7% of whom had concurrent fatigue/subjective cognitive impairment (SCI). Only PTSD (19.1%) was significantly more common than control (14%, p=0.047). Latent profile analysis classified individuals into P1 (12·4%)-no current neuropsychiatric morbidities, P2 (23.1%)-SCI/fatigue, P3 (45.2%)-anxiety/PTSD, P4 (19.3%)-depression. SCI and fatigue pervaded in all profiles (P2-4) with neuropsychiatric morbidities one-year post-infection. PTSD, anxiety and depressive symptoms were most important in differentiating P2-4. Past mental health and P4 independently predicted functional impairment. Neuropsychiatric morbidity was associated with past mental health, reduced resilience, financial problems, but not COVID-19 severity. Their confluence with depressive and anxiety symptoms predicted impairment and are associated with psychological and environmental factors.