bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulating Perovskite Surface Energetics Through Tuneable Ferrocene Interlayers for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Vanin Francesco , Tremlett William D. J. , Gao Danpeng , Liu Qi , Li Bo , Li Shuai , Gong Jianqiu , Wu Xin , Li Zhen , Brown Ryan K. , Qian Liangchen , Zhang Chunlei , Sun Xianglang , Li Xintong , Zeng Xiao Cheng , Zhu Zonglong , Long Nicholas J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAchieving rational control over chemical and energetic properties at the perovskite/electron transport layer (ETL) interface is crucial for realizing highly efficient and stable next‐generation inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). To address this, we developed multifunctional ferrocene (Fc)‐based interlayers engineered to exhibit adjustable passivating and electrochemical characteristics. These interlayers are designed to reduce non‐radiative recombination, and to modulate the work function (WF) and uniformity of the perovskite surface, thereby enhancing device performance. The key role played by the highest occupied molecular orbital energies (EHOMO) of the Fc compounds relative to the perovskite valance band maximum (EVBM) is revealed. This relationship is pivotal in controlling band bending and optimizing charge extraction. Notably, the conformationally flexible and more easily oxidized ferrocenyl‐bis‐furyl‐2‐carboxylate (2) is found to more effectively bind with undercoordinated Pb2+ surface sites and modulate interfacial energetics, resulting in inverted PSCs achieving champion efficiencies of 25.16 %. These cells also displayed excellent stability, retaining >92 % of the initial efficiency after 1,000 h of maximum power point operation at 65 °C. By correlating the broadly tunable Fc‐EHOMO with a decreased and homogenized perovskite surface WF, our work advances our understanding of Fc‐based interlayers and opens new pathways for their application in high‐efficiency solar technologies.
A Gate‐Opening Control Strategy via Nitrate–Chloride Anion Exchange for Enhanced Hydrogen Isotope Separation in Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Kim Hyunlim , Seo Younggyu , Park Jaewoo , Lee Eunsung , Oh Hyunchul 
Published: January 2025

AbstractEfficient separation of hydrogen isotopes, especially deuterium (D2), is pivotal for advancing industries such as nuclear fusion, semiconductor processing, and metabolic imaging. Current technologies, including cryogenic distillation and Girdler sulfide processes, suffer from significant limitations in selectivity and cost‐effectiveness. Herein, we introduce a novel approach utilizing an imidazolium‐based Metal–Organic Framework (MOF), JCM‐1, designed to enhance D2/H2 separation through temperature‐dependent gate‐opening controlled by ion exchange. By substituting NO3− ions in JCM‐1(NO3−) with Cl− ions to form JCM‐1(Cl−), we precisely modulate the gate‐opening threshold, achieving a significant enhancement in isotope selectivity. JCM‐1(NO3−) exhibited a D2/H2 selectivity (SD2/H2) of 14.4 at 30 K and 1 bar, while JCM‐1(Cl−) achieved an exceptional selectivity of 27.7 at 50 K and 1 mbar. This heightened performance is attributed to the reduced pore aperture and higher gate‐opening temperature resulting from the Cl− exchange, which optimizes the selective adsorption of D2. Our findings reveal that JCM‐1 frameworks, with their finely tunable gate‐opening properties, offer a highly efficient and adaptable platform for hydrogen isotope separation. This work not only advances the understanding of ion‐exchanged MOFs but also opens new pathways for targeted applications in isotope separation and other gas separation processes.
Construction of Renewable Porous Nanofiltration Membrane by Amino Cyclodextrin for the Treatment of High Salinity Textile Wastewater
Authors: Zhou Jianping , Cui Jingtao , Han Shangsong , Liu Shenghui , Zhang Jintuan , Chen Biqin , Li Yuxia 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe discharge of textile wastewater containing pollutants could cause serious environmental pollution. The use of loose nanofiltration membranes to separate dyes and salts from textile wastewater had great significance. This study used β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD‐AAm) as a novel porous aqueous monomer for IP reaction, and prepared a novel membrane for filtering textile wastewater. Due to the porous structure of β‐CD‐AAm, it could separate dyes and salts, increase water flux and mechanical property. Additionally, azobenzene was added to the bowl‐like structure of β‐CD‐AAm to endow the nanofiltration membrane with renewable functions. The permeability increased from 27 to 75 L/m2·h, and increased by 177.8%. It also increased the retention rate of methyl blue from 95.9% to 98.9%, and decreased the rejection rate of Na2SO4 from 22.3% to 10.1%; the separation selectivity a of dye and salts increased from 35.2 to 82.7. The effects of porous aqueous phase monomer β‐CD‐AAm on diffusion speed of aqueous phase were demonstrated via ultraviolet light test and mean square displacement, demonstrating the influence of β‐CD‐AAm on the polyamide layer structure and property of the membrane. This provides a new approach for using new aqueous monomers to produce porous nanofiltration membranes for the treatment of textile wastewater.
Manipulation of Printing Direction and Temperature on the Mechanical Properties and Shape Recovery of Thermoplastic Polyurethane 4D‐Printed Polymer‐Textile Composites
Authors: Cheung Tin Chun , Choi Sun Young , Jiang Shouxiang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn recent years, textile practitioners have utilized polyurethane (PU) SMPs to develop 4D printed polymer‐textile composites (4DP PTCs) which have distinct mechanical properties. However, little attention has been paid to combining the effects of extrusion direction and temperature of individual polymer layers on the mechanical properties and shape performance of 4DP PTCs. Hence this study explores the effects of such conditions through the development of thermo‐responsive 4DP PTCs composed of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) with a Shore hardness of 70A and 82A, respectively, PU SMP, and a nylon substrate. This study finds that the mechanical and shape performance of 4DP PTCs can be manipulated via varying the extrusion temperature and direction. Weft direction specimens showed greater stiffness (0.19 GPa) and shape fixity (up to 99.56%) whilst warp showed higher flexibility (0.10 GPa) and better shape recovery (up to 96.58%). Hence, 4DP PTCs can be selectively stiffened for applications that is, pressure suits and soft robotics that require enhanced stiffness in specific direction of movement, enabling further development of shape shifting textiles with complex surfaces and structures.
Smart Fertilizer With Temperature‐Responsive Behavior Coated Using a Naturally Derived Material
Authors: Zhao Jianrong , Li Xinlin , Liu Fuxin , Zhao Wenying , Chen Songling 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe development of temperature‐responsive coated urea from sustainable, environmentally friendly bio‐coatings has garnered increasing research attention owing to concerns regarding global food security and environmental sustainability. In this study, naturally derived coated urea with temperature‐responsive behavior (SNCU) was fabricated using castor oil/polycaprolactone (PCL2000) blends and isocyanate, nano‐SiO2 and siloxane were employed to enhance its hydrophobicity. Nutrient (N)‐release experiments were conducted at various temperatures to explore the temperature‐responsive behavior of the coated urea. The temperature‐response mechanism and composition of the coated urea were investigated using x‐ray diffraction (XRD), x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), simultaneous thermal analysis (DSC), and Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy. Results indicated that PCL2000 incorporation could produce a block polymer with a two‐phase structure consisting of a crystalline and an amorphous phase, and the SNCU exhibited a significant temperature switch at 32.5°C. Moreover, the N‐release SNCU longevity increased to 70 days. Therefore, the findings from this work highlight that temperature‐responsive SNCU, with its higher N availability, could be suitable for agricultural applications in sustainable, green agricultural development.
Induction of Type I Interferon–Dependent Activation and Migration of Inflammatory Dendritic Cells to Local Lymph Nodes by UV Light Exposure
Authors: Sun Xizhang , Chao Jaime L. , Gerner Michael , Elkon Keith B. 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivePhotosensitivity occurs in ~75% of patients with lupus. Although UV light radiation (UVR) stimulates type I interferon (IFN‐I) in the skin, how UVR‐induced skin inflammation leads to downstream effects is poorly understood. Tissue inflammation causes dendritic cells (DCs) to migrate from organs to draining lymph nodes (dLN), including a recently identified inflammatory conventional DC subset (inf cDC2) that are potent antigen‐presenting cells. To explore links between UVR and the early immune response, we examined DC and lymphocyte subset migration to dLN in normal and lupus‐prone mouse strains as well as the role of IFN‐I.MethodsMice received a single dose of UV (500 mJ/cm2) on the dorsal skin. Brachial and inguinal dLN were harvested at one or two days post‐UVR. Flow cytometry using the Symphony A3 cytometer and 15‐color staining identified myeloid and lymphoid subsets. Statistical significance was determined by Student's t‐test.ResultsHigher numbers of CD64+ myeloid cells as well as inf cDC2 were detected in the dLN after UVR in B6 mice, but not in IFN receptor knockout (IFNAR KO) mice. In contrast, Trex1 mutant mice had an exaggerated IFN‐I response in the skin and a higher proportion of inf cDC2 in the dLN.ConclusionThese findings reveal a previously unknown relationship between skin UVR and the migration of the inf cDC2 population to dLN. They highlight the role of IFN‐I in this process, and the differences between Trex1 mutant and normal mice suggest that this may be of relevance to lupus.image
Engineering Gene and Protein Switches for Regulation of Lineage‐Specifying Transcription Factors
Authors: Teixeira Ana P. , Franko Nik , Fussenegger Martin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTHuman pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can be differentiated in vitro to an increasing number of mature cell types, presenting significant promise for addressing a wide range of diseases and studying human development. One approach to further enhance stem cell differentiation methods would be to coordinate multiple inducible gene or protein switches to operate simultaneously within the same cell, with minimal cross‐interference, to precisely regulate a network of lineage‐specifying transcription factors (TFs) to guide cell fate decisions. Therefore, in this study, we designed and tested various mammalian gene and protein switches responsive to clinically safe small‐molecule inhibitors of viral proteases. First, we leveraged hepatitis C virus and human rhinovirus proteases to control the activity of chimeric transcription factors, enabling gene expression activation exclusively in the presence of protease inhibitors and achieving high fold‐inductions in hPSC lines. Second, we built single‐chain protein switches regulating the activity of three differentiation‐related pancreatic TFs, MafA, Pdx1, and Ngn3, each engineered with a protease cleavage site within its structure and having the corresponding protease fused at one terminus. While variants lacking the protease retained most of the unmodified TF activity, the attachment of the protease significantly decreased the activity, which could be rescued upon addition of the corresponding protease inhibitor. We confirmed the functionality of these protein switches for simultaneously controlling the activity of three TFs with a common input molecule, as well as the orthogonality of each protease‐based system to independently regulate two TFs. Finally, we validated these very compact systems for precisely controlling TF activity in hPSCs. Our results suggest that they will be valuable tools for research in both developmental biology and regenerative medicine.
Brief Report: Emotion Regulation in Autism Is Improved in a Single‐N Pilot Intervention Study Combining Child‐Centered Play Therapy and Rhythmic Relating
Authors: Daniel Stuart , Blacher Jan , Eisenhower Abbey , Berkovits Lauren 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundRhythmic Relating is an approach to supporting social timing in therapeutic play with autistic children (Daniel, Laurie and Delafield‐Butt, 2024) and can be used as a stand‐alone approach or to augment child‐centered therapies.AimsA combination of Child‐Centered Play Therapy and Rhythmic Relating is evaluated in its therapeutic potential to enhance Emotion Regulation outcomes (over 10 months; 32 weekly sessions), in a case study of a 5‐year‐old autistic girl.Materials and MethodsMean Start and Finish scores were recorded for the parent‐rated Emotion Regulation Checklist (Shields and Cicchetti, 1997). For all subscales, we calculate percentage‐change‐over‐time values and, using percentiles, these values are compared and statistically ranked with respect to two different comparison groups:1. “Autistic children without concurrent cognitive impairment, not receiving psychological or behavioral therapies” (n = 77).2. “Autistic girls without concurrent cognitive impairment, not receiving psychological or behavioral therapies” (n = 9).ResultsAs compared to both Comparison Groups 1 and 2, our participant's overall Emotion Regulation improvements (over 10 months) are statistically highly likely to be due to her participation in therapy (p < 0.01).DiscussionPractical implications for therapeutic practice with autistic children are discussed, including the emphasis on good‐enough self‐regulation as outcome priority, the emphasis on social timing for co‐regulation as route to good‐enough self‐regulation, and the emphasis on Emotion Regulation as outcome measure in accordance with outcome priority. Possibilities for future larger‐scale intervention studies addressing scalability and generalizability issues are discussed, including current modality‐combination studies (i.e., Rhythmic Relating and Child‐Centered Play Therapy) ‐ multi‐site/practitioner, multiple baseline single case design, or considerably larger N intervention groups compared with the current ERC comparison groups, or generating new comparison groups ‐ and/or studying the efficacy of other potential modality combinations (Rhythmic Relating combined with Music Therapy, Dance Movement Therapy, DIRFloortime etc.).ConclusionThe current study was designed to retest and build on the hypothesis, method and knowledge base of a previous intervention study (Daniel et al, 2023). Together, these two sets of results show early positive potential for this combination of therapeutic modalities to support the regulatory well‐being needs of young autistic children, unconventional communicators, and autistic people who have additional learning needs.
Improved Malignancy of Colon Cancer Cells at Gene Expression Level With Constitutive Activation of the Eukaryotic Elongation Factor 2 Under Nutrition‐Deficient Conditions
Authors: Deniz Aslı Hızlı , Aydemir Esra , Ekimci Gürcan Nur , Dabo Jakir Abdulahi , Faruk Bayrak Ömer , Şahin Fikrettin , Ayaz Furkan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTRegulation of protein production in response to physiological signals is achieved through precise control of eukaryotic Elongation Factor 2 (eEF2), whose distinct translocase function is crucial for cell survival. Phosphorylation of eEF2 at its Thr56 (T56) residue inactivates this function in translation. Using a genetically modified paralogue of a colon cancer cell line, HCT116 which carries a point mutation at Ser595‐to‐Alanine in the eEF2 gene we were able to create a constitutively active form of eEF2. Then, we compared these cells with their wild‐type counterparts under complete growth and nutrient deprivation conditions. The mutant forms were created by using the CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated gene cassette knock‐in (KI) strategy. The samples were analyzed by a microarray‐based approach. Carrying out a WikiPath analysis, we identified distinct signaling pathways and gene expression patterns that are differentially regulated in the mutant cells (HCT116KI), but not in wild‐type HCT116 (HCT116WT) cells, particularly under nutrient‐deprived conditions. Our results suggest that the constitutive activation of eEF2 enables an increase in the malignant gene expression in colon cancer cells compared to the wild‐type counterparts under nutrient‐deprived conditions.
Weakly Coordinating Anionic Microporous Polymer Networks as Scaffold for Molecular Gas Phase Hydrogenation Catalysis
Authors: Okhassova Yasmin , Sroka Robert , Chaoui Nicolas , Trunk Matthias , Schmidt Johannes , Fischer‐Lang Sabrina , Teichert Johannes F. , Thomas Arne 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAnionic microporous polymer networks were synthesised via Yamamoto polymerization of a fluorinated tetraarylborate monomer. The network charge density can be controlled by varying the incorporation ratio of a neutral tetraphenylmethane comonomer. The resulting polymer networks demonstrated exceptional stability under ambient conditions and achieved specific surface areas of up to 1500 m2 g−1. The anionic nature of the networks simplifies postsynthetic ion exchange, enabling the incorporation of catalytically active cationic species. As a proof of concept, the molecular cationic Crabtree's catalyst was immobilised within the network, yielding a solid‐state material that efficiently catalyzed the gas‐phase hydrogenation of ethylene to ethane under mild conditions.
Interfacial Metal Oxides Stabilize Cu Oxidation States for Electrocatalytical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Zhao Yajie , Wang Haoyuan , Liu Chunxiao , Ji Yuan , Li Xu , Jiang Qiu , Zheng Tingting , Xia Chuan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractModulating the oxidation state of copper (Cu) is crucial for enhancing the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), particularly for facilitating deep reductions to produce methane (CH4) or multi‐carbon (C2+) products. However, Cuδ+ sites are thermodynamically unstable, fluctuating their oxidation states under reaction conditions, which complicates their functionality. Incorporating interfacial metal oxides has emerged as an effective strategy for stabilizing these oxidation states. This review provides an in‐depth examination of the reaction mechanisms occurring at oxide‐modified Cuδ+ sites, offering a comprehensive understanding of their behavior. We explore how Cu/metal oxide interfaces stabilize Cu oxidation states, showing that oxides‐modified Cu catalysts often enhance selectivity for C2+ or CH4 products by stabilizing Cu+ or Cu2+ sites. In addition, we discuss innovative strategies for the rational design of efficient Cu catalytic sites tailored for specific deep CO2RR products. The review concludes with an outlook on current challenges and future directions, offering new insights into the rational design of selective and efficient CO2RR catalysts.
The Use of Omics in Untangling the Effect of Lifestyle Factors in Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Liu Kai , Clarke Georgia S. , Grieger Jessica A. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimTo synthesise the evidence from clinical trials and observational studies using omics techniques to investigate the impact of diet and lifestyle factors on metabolite profile in pregnancy, and in the prevention and management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Materials and MethodsA systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Ovid, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases in October 2023 and updated in September 2024. Inclusion criteria were randomised controlled trials (RCT) or non‐RCTs in pregnant women with or without GDM, that measured diet and lifestyle factors, and which applied post‐transcriptional omics approaches. Risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS‐I for non‐RCTs and ROB‐2 tool for RCTs. The results of all studies are narratively synthesised.ResultsOf 6293 studies identified, eight observational studies and three RCTs comprising 2639 pregnant women were included. Three studies reported on changes in diet‐related metabolic phenotypes during pregnancy; however, the impact of certain foods on the metabolome and risk for GDM was less clear. Compared with women without GDM, women with GDM had a worse deterioration in metabolites, including saturated fatty acids, branched chain amino acids and purine degradation metabolites. There is limited evidence that conventional dietary treatment for GDM may modify the metabolome in women with GDM.ConclusionsMetabolome profiles in pregnancy may be altered by certain dietary choices; however, it is inconclusive whether improved diet related metabolite profiles have a beneficial impact in the prevention or management of GDM. High quality studies with larger sample sizes are needed to better understand the role that maternal nutrition plays in modulating the maternal metabolome, not only for a healthy pregnancy but also for the prevention and management of GDM.
Developmental plasticity does not improve performance during a species interaction: Implications for species turnover
Authors: Mauro Alexander A. , Zeller Kyndall R. , Torres‐Dowdall Julián , Ghalambor Cameron K. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSpecies interactions can contribute to species turnover when the outcomes of the interactions are context dependent (e.g., change along environmental gradients). Plasticity may change this dynamic by altering the environmental tolerances of the species interacting. Here, we explored how the competitive interaction between two euryhaline fish, Poecilia reticulata and Poecilia picta, is influenced by acute and developmental responses to salinity. In Trinidad, P. reticulata is confined to freshwater despite being tolerant of brackish water. P. reticulata may fail to occupy brackish water because of reduced tolerance to salinity or because P. picta competitively excludes them, and developing in brackish water could alter the dynamics of either scenario. To test this, we compared the salinity tolerances of both species in the absence of competition, reared P. reticulata individuals in freshwater or brackish water, and tested the consequences of developmental plasticity in experiments in which P. reticulata competed against conspecifics or P. picta during acute exposure to freshwater or brackish water. We found that (1) P. reticulata has a weaker salinity tolerance than P. picta; (2) P. reticulata that developed in freshwater perform best when competing against P. picta in freshwater but perform poorly when competing against P. picta in brackish water, suggesting the species interaction is context dependent; and (3) developing in brackish water did not benefit P. reticulata in brackish water. Our results suggest that P. reticulata's freshwater range limit is in part a product of a lower salinity tolerance leading to a decrease in competitive performance in brackish water. Adaptive plasticity has been suggested to be a crucial part of the colonization process, yet nonadaptive plastic responses as found here can limit range expansion and reinforce range limits.