bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen in actinides: electronic and lattice properties
Authors: Havela Ladislav , Legut Dominik , Kolorenč Jindřich 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Hydrides of actinides, their magnetic, electronic, transport, and thermodynamic properties are discussed within a general framework of H impact on bonding, characterized by volume expansion, affecting mainly the 5f states, and a charge transfer towards H, which influences mostly the 6d and 7s states. These general mechanisms have diverse impact on individual actinides, depending on the degree of localization of their 5f states. Hydrogenation of uranium yields UH2 and UH3, binary hydrides that are strongly magnetic due to the 5f band narrowing and reduction of the 5f-6d hybridization. Pu hydrides become magnetic as well, mainly as a result of the stabilization of the magnetic 5f
5 state and elimination of the admixture of the non-magnetic 5f
6 component. Ab-initio computational analyses, which for example suggest that the ferromagnetism of β-UH3 is rather intricate involving two non-collinear sublattices, are corroborated by spectroscopic studies of sputter-deposited thin films, yielding a clean surface and offering a variability of compositions. It is found that valence-band photoelectron spectra cannot be compared directly with the 5f n
ground-state density of states. Being affected by electron correlations in the excited final states, they rather reflect the atomic 5f n

−1 multiplets. Similar tendencies can be identified also in hydrides of binary and ternary intermetallic compounds. H absorption can be used as a tool for fine tuning of electronic structure around a quantum critical point. A new direction is represented by actinide polyhydrides with a potential for high-temperature superconductivity.
Synergistic effect of multi-parameters on NO density of a helium atmospheric pressure plasma jet in contact with skin
Authors: Wang LanPing , Wu Fan , Nie LanLan , Liu DaWei , Lu XinPei 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a crucial molecule for living organisms, which acts as a messenger in most mammalian organs. Fortunately, plasma jet can generate an abundant amount of NO. In this paper, the NO generated by a helium plasma jet when it is interacting with pig skin is diagnosed using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) method. The multi-parameters’ effect of the distance between the nozzle and the skin surface (distance d), the gas parameters (gas flow rate, O2 and H2O percentage) and the applied voltage parameters (the amplitude and frequency of the voltage) on the NO density is explored. The results show that the NO density increases and then decreases as the gas flow rate increases. The gas flow rate corresponding to the maximum NO density is positively correlated with the distance d. In the case of high gas flow rate or small distance d, premixing a small amount of O2 or H2O content lead to higher NO density. Higher voltage amplitude and frequency can increase NO density, but high voltage amplitude at high flow rate and small distance d lead to a decrease in NO density. The generation pathway of NO is mainly affected by N2(A), N, O2, O, OH, H and NO2, and the consumption pathway is closely related to the particles N, O, OH, O3 and HO2. Among them, N and O atoms participate in both generation and consumption. Therefore, the synergistic effect of multi-parameters, the emergence of different effects is closely related to the synergistic effect of these two particles.
The photocatalytic dye degradation of methylene blue (MB) by nanostructured ZnO under UV irradiation
Authors: Alzahrani Hassan A H , Almulaiky Yaaser Q , Alsaiari Abdulmohsen O 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Photocatalytic degradation failure is a significant environmental pollution problem. Therefore, this article emphasizes the in-depth photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) by UV light irradiation using ZnO photocatalysts nanoparticles every 30 min of a time interval and examines the improvement in the irradiation period. The sol-gel co-precipitation route produces the photocatalyst ZnO nanoparticle to eliminate MB dye. The characterization studies of ZnO photocatalysts are explored by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron, and UV visible spectroscopic techniques. The XRD study elucidates a lesser crystallite size of the order 24.71 nm with a small microstrain, and dislocation density boosts the ZnO nanoparticle to act as dilapidation of 10 ppm of MB colourant. The SEM photographs of Zinc oxide nanoparticles reveal the nanospeck dimension of 32 nm. The EDX and Elemental mapping explore the composition of the ZnO photocatalyst. The syntheses of ZnO nanoparticles have low overpotential for HER (Hydrogen Evolution Reaction). A very low slope of 41.2 mV/dec represents the Volmer-Tafel mechanistic pathway for the HER process. Chronopotentiometry was conducted, and the amount of hydrogen collected during these experiments was 21 ml for the ZnO nanoparticles.
Electrical characterization of AgNPs-PVA nanocomposites thin film-based heterojunction diode
Authors: Khalil R , El-Desouky H , Sobhy R , El-Mansy M K 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this work is to study the results of electrical measurements carried out of nano metal-semiconductor heterojunctions based on Poly Vinyl Alcohol (PVA)to examine the possibilities of either an Ohmic contacts or rectifying behavior like a Schottky junction. The PVA doped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-PVA)were confirmed and characterized by using x-ray Diffraction (XRD),Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). A thorough investigation of the predominant conduction mechanism, dielectric relaxation, and current-voltage behavior of a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)–Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) nanocomposite film has been presented. With two activation energies, Ag nanoparticles have been demonstrated to improve the conductivity and dielectric permittivity of films. In the sample, a non-Debye type asymmetric behavior has been found, which may be analyzed using a modified Cole-Cole model. The temperature dependence of the a.c. conductivity σ
ac and power law exponent s is reasonably interpreted by the Correlated Barrier Hopping (CBH) and Small Polaron Tunnelling (SPT) models at low and high frequency ranges, respectively. The junctions were created by spin coating and characterized of evaluated according to their I-V characteristics. Non-Ohmic electrical behavior was observed. The phenomenon supposed to be partly responsible for such nonlinearity is existence of thin barrier layer on the surface of dried polymer nanocomposites, through which charge carriers could pass by tunneling. This Schottky diode manufactured of an AgNPs-PVA nanocomposite was electrically characterized and investigated. However, deeper discussion will be necessary to illuminate all the circumstances leading to understand this behavior.
Numerical Simulation of Ultrathin CdTe Solar Cell by SCAPS-1D
Authors: Bhari Bibi Zulaika , Rahman Kazi Sajedur , Chelvanathan Puvaneswaran , Ibrahim Mohd Adib 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCadmium telluride (CdTe) has been recognized as one of the efficient and cost-effective thin film solar cell materials with a direct band energy of 1.5 eV. CdTe has long been a leading material in fabrication of solar cell due to its high optical absorption coefficient and ideal band gap. Despite the advantages of CdTe PV technology, CdTe is facing the challenge of Te scarcity. However, it is possible to decrease the CdTe thickness without much compromise in efficiency. Reducing the absorber layer thickness can lower the cost and usage of materials. It can assist to produce large scale CdTe solar cell module as Te is not an earth-abundant element. Numerical simulation of thin film solar cell is a crucial process for defining the possibility of anticipated solar structures, predicting the impact of differences in material characteristics and geometry on overall efficiency. In this research, Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS-1D) is applied to explore the impact of absorber layer thickness and carrier concentration in realizing ultrathin CdTe solar cell. It has been found that 500 nm thick absorber layer is sufficient for acceptable range of cell efficiency. Simulation results of 500 nm CdTe with the carrier concentration of 1.0 × 1014cm−3has an efficiency of 2.2%. For CdTe carrier concentration of 1.0 × 1017cm−3, the efficiency increases to 13.22% with open-circuit voltage of 0.988 V, a short-circuit current density of 16.19 mA/cm2and fill factor of 82.54%. The optimal numerical solar cell design suggests an approach to further enhance the efficiency of CdTe solar cells.
Design and Simulation of Lead-free Flexible Perovskite Solar cell Using SCAPS-1D.
Authors: Goje A A , Ludin N A , Mat Teridi M A , Syafiq U , Ibrahim M A , Nawab F , Syakirin A A 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Despite perovskite solar cells’ rapidly increasing efficiency, industrializing and commercializing the device presents several challenges. Top among these is toxicity due to the material’s lead-based perovskite usage, which causes rapid degradation. Because of this challenge, researchers have recently become interested in lead-free perovskite materials. In this research, we investigate using the SCAPS simulation software to optimize a lead-free flexible solar cell. Lead (Pb), which belongs to group 14, can likely be replaced with bismuth (Bi), which belongs to group 15. In this study, the structure of the device is an n-i-p planar lead-free heterostructure flexible perovskite solar cell (FPSC) comprised of a Polyethylene Terephthalate/Indium Tin Oxide (PET/ITO) substrate; [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) Electron Transport Layer (ETL); methyl ammonium bismuth iodide (CH3NH3BiI3) as an absorber; Spiro-OMeTAD as a Hole Transport Layer (HTL); and silver (Ag) as the electrode. We optimised cell performance and efficiency with an absorber layer of 100 nm and an optimised temperature of 300 K. This absorber layer’s thickness and defect density were considered. The defect density of the FPSC is indirectly proportional to the device’s absorption coefficient (alpha). We obtained a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.80%, a current density (JSC) of 35.59 mA/cm2, an open circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.633 V, and a fill factor (FF) of 83.43%. We also observed that the FF is inversely proportional to the thickness of the absorber layer of the FPSC.
Decarbonization of tropical city using digital twin technology: case study of Bertam city
Authors: Zaidi Nur Haziqah Mohamad , Haw Lim Chin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The urban population in Malaysia has increased to 77.7% in 2021, from 66% two decades ago, of which the current percentage shows Malaysia has more than 25 million city dwellers out of the 32.7 million total population. This statistic resulted in 80% of carbon emissions, roughly 200 million tCO2e, being produced by the urban cities in Malaysia. To balance out the high number of carbon emissions from urban settings, our government has aimed to reduce 33% of carbon by 2030, aligning with the COP commitment by Malaysia in 2021, and later aiming for carbon neutrality by 2050. Carbon neutrality can be achieved by using digital twin technology, which can virtually represent any physical system, including a whole city to its real-world counterpart. Bertam, a city in Pulau Pinang is used as a case study in this study. A baseline simulation has been made of the digital twin city, resulting in 253 kWh/m2 of total energy consumption in 2021, and 1.75 tonnes of carbon per capita. The recent applications of active and passive design strategies will be applied to the virtual city, to obtain its potential energy savings and carbon reduction data. At the end of the study, the digital twin technology will discover the city’s potential energy savings and carbon reduction after the optimization.
Optimum Configuration of Rainwater Harvesting System using CREO PARAMETRIC and ANSYS
Authors: Uddin MD Helal , Samsudin Nurul Asma , Amin Nowshad 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The practice of rainwater harvesting (RWH) has been studied extensively in recent years, as it has the potential to alleviate the increasing stress on urban water distribution systems. An appropriate design and evaluation of an RWH system is necessary to improve system performance and the stability of the water supply. In this study, the design of the main components in the RWH system such as the gutter, water storage tank and water pump were varied based on the main material of the component and rainfall intensity. Each component was presented according to the results of design, stress and fluid analyses performed by Creo parametric 7.0 and ANSYS. The main outcome of this work is a computational design tool that can be used to improve the RWH system component’s performance considering a variety of factors. A design of a gutter made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with a yield strength of 50 MPa and a size of 5 inches was used. The rainwater will pass through a water pipe to a 500 L, High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) water storage tank with a yield strength of 43 MPa. A 1 HP single-phase pump with a maximum flow rate of 196.2 L/min was used to generate a steady flow for household usage. The factor of safety of each component was obtained above 1.5 and was determined by the maximum Von Mises stress. Each component in the system has a different life span, however, the overall life span of the RWH system is estimated to be 20 years
Multi-stimuli-responsive and dynamic color tunable security ink for multilevel anticounterfeiting
Authors: Dubey Charu , Yadav Anjana , Baloni Diksha , Singh Sachin , Singh Anjani Kumar , Singh Sunil Kumar , Singh Akhilesh Kumar 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Luminescent security features have been used for anticounterfeiting for a long time. However, constant effort is required to strengthen these security features to be ahead of counterfeiters. Here, we developed a multi-stimuli-responsive luminescent security ink containing Tb(ASA)3Phen, K2SiF6:Mn4+, and NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+ luminescent materials in PVC gold medium. Tb(ASA)3Phen complex shows a broad excitation band in the UV region; upon UV light radiation it shows strong greenish emission of Tb3+ ions through the antenna effect. K2SiF6:Mn4+, on the other hand, has three excitation bands with maxima at 248, 354, and 454 nm which emit red light after excitation through these bands. NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+ is used as an upconverting nanophosphor showing green emission under 976 nm laser excitation. Thus, the multi-stimuli-responsive luminescent security ink shows greenish, red, and green emissions under 367 nm, 450 nm, and 976 nm excitations, respectively. Furthermore, the distinct lifetimes of the activators in Tb(ASA)3Phen and K2SiF6:Mn4+, i.e. 0.1708 ms and 8.165 ms, respectively, under 380 nm excitation make this ink suitable for dynamic anticounterfeiting as well. The ink shows a change in the emission color with time delay, after the removal of the 380 nm excitation source, from greenish yellow (at 0 delays) to reddish color after a delay of 7.5 ms. These unique optical features along with excellent photo-, chemical- and environmental stability make this ink useful for advanced-level anticounterfeiting.
Boron vacancy-driven thermodynamic stabilization and improved mechanical properties of AlB2-type tantalum diborides as revealed by first-principles calculations
Authors: Ektarawong A , Johansson E , Pakornchote T , Bovornratanaraks T , Alling B 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Thermodynamic stability as well as structural, electronic, and elastic properties of boron-deficient AlB2-type tantalum diborides, which is designated as

α
−

TaB

2
−
x

, due to the presence of vacancies at its boron sublattice are studied via first-principles calculations. The results reveal that

α
−

TaB

2
−
x

, where 0.167

≲
x
≲

0.25, is thermodynamically stable even at absolute zero. On the other hand, the shear and Young’s moduli as well as the hardness of stable

α
−

TaB

2
−
x

are predicted to be superior as compared to those of

α
−

TaB2. The changes in the relative stability and also the elastic properties of

α
−

TaB

2
−
x

with respect to those of

α
−

TaB2 can be explained by the competitive effect between the decrease in the number of electrons filling in the antibonding states of

α
−

TaB2 and the increase in the number of broken bonds around the vacancies, both induced by the increase in the concentration of boron vacancies. A good agreement between our calculated lattice parameters, elastic moduli and hardness of

α
−

TaB

2
−
x

and the experimentally measured data of as-synthesized AlB2-type tantalum diborides with the claimed composition of TaB

∼
2

, available in the literature, suggests that, instead of being a line compound with a stoichiometric composition of TaB2, AlB2-type tantalum diboride is readily boron-deficient, and its stable composition in equilibrium may be ranging at least from TaB

∼
1.833

to TaB

∼
1.75

. Furthermore, the substitution of vacancies for boron atoms in

α
−

TaB2 is responsible for destabilization of WB2-type tantalum diboride and orthorhombic Ta2B3, predicted in the previous theoretical studies to be thermodynamically stable in the Ta−B system, and it thus enables the interpretation of why the two compounds have never been realized in actual experiments.
Decomposing Hofmeister effects on amino acid residues with symmetry adapted perturbation theory
Authors: Gregory Kasimir P , Webber Grant B , Wanless Erica J , Page Alister J 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Hofmeister effects, and more generally specific ion effects, are observed broadly in biological systems. However, there are many cases where the Hofmeister series might not be followed in complex biological systems, such as ion channels which can be highly specific to a particular ion. An understanding of how ions from the Hofmeister series interact with the proteinogenic amino acids will assist elucidation of why some binding interactions may be favoured over others. Using symmetry adapted perturbation theory (SAPT2 + 3), the interaction energies between a selection of anions and each amino acid have been investigated. The interaction strengths become more favourable in accordance with the Hofmeister series, and also with increasing polarity of the amino acids (with the exception of the negatively charged amino acid side chains). Furthermore, the interactions are generally most favourable when they simultaneously involve the side chain and both protic moieties of the backbone. The total interaction energy in these anion–amino acid complexes is also primarily determined by its electrostatic component, in a manner proportional to the þ (‘sho’) value of the anion.
Introduction: Carrie’s rebellion
Authors: Holt Thomas C. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Opening with the story of two ordinary black women’s defiance of Virginia’s law requiring segregated seating on public buses operating in the state, this chapter shows how the roots of the Movement to come was rooted in the distinctive life experiences and broad resistance of ordinary people, whose ability to defy racially discriminatory laws was enabled by broad social economic changes in the South during the years between the first and second world wars. The dramatic migration out of the rural South during the two world wars freed black southerners from the direct, personal control of landlord-employers who controlled almost every aspect of their daily lives and movements. By contrast, urban life provided a richer, more autonymous organizational life that enabled ordinary peoples’ resistance to the Jim Crow regime.
Freedom movements in the North
Authors: Holt Thomas C. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The conditions of possibility for the development of the civil rights movement had emerged first in northern cities during the First World War. The intensification of racial discrimination in employment, housing, and publics schools together with more resources and freedom to mobilize resistance encouraged and enabled the founding of permanent protest organizations. Although the public focus of many of these organizations shifted to supporting the southern movement during the 1950s and early 1960s, northern protests continued. After the passage of major civil rights legislation, national attention and resources shifted again to northern cities and to issues of education, housing, and employment that recent civil rights legislation had not adequately addressed. The agenda of the ill-fated Poor People’s Campaign of 1968 epitomized the difficulties of mobilizing a national response to those problems.
Introduction
Authors: Holloway Jonathan Scott 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
What does it mean to be American? What does it mean to be human? What does it mean to be a citizen? What does it mean to be civilized? The introduction establishes the chronological boundaries of the project. It points out that the African presence in what is now the United States, predates the establishment of the country by over 150 years, and it carries forward through the appearance of the Black Lives Matter movement. The African American experience is an evolving story that tells as much about what it means to be black in the United States as it does about the very meaning of the United States itself.
The paradoxes of post–civil rights America
Authors: Holloway Jonathan Scott 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter surveys the shifting political terrain from the late 1960s to the very recent past. The history of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) demonstrates how the political landscape moved as that group transformed from embracing respectability politics to radical revolutionary ideologies. The federal government took notice and became committed to disrupting SNCC’s activism as well as that expressed by other groups like the Black Panthers. These groups espoused Black Power, but black women activists often criticized them for their failures to acknowledge black women’s work and black feminism, more generally. This chapter also moves from the political pragmatism of Lyndon B. Johnson to Barack Obama’s rise and subsequent election.
Suburbs: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Abbott Carl 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This book explores two centuries of suburban growth as integral to global urbanism. It argues that the future of an urbanizing world will be a suburban world and presents suburbs as places that are interesting and viable on their own terms rather than simply poor cousins of big cities. Examples come from every peopled continent, offering glimpses of suburbs from London to Lima, Sao Paolo to Singapore, Cairo to Chicago, and Dublin to Delhi. The approach is both historical and thematic. The book first traces the history of suburban development in England and North America to 1940 and then examines three different trajectories of suburbanization in more recent decades. The United States and other nations drawing on British planning traditions have built low-density suburbia characterized by owner-occupied housing, dependence on automobiles, planned New Towns, and a legacy of racial residential segregations. High-rise housing built by national governments dominated suburban rings in Eastern Europe and parts of Western Europe and East Asia. Where neither government nor private market has been able to meet demand, residents have acted themselves to create informal communities with self-built housing on cheap peripheral land, sometimes misleadingly called shantytowns. After this world tour, a chapter explores suburban rings as places of work, from early dispersed manufacturing and industrial suburbs to research and development suburbs in developed economies around the world. Another thematic chapter examines the negative and even dystopian reputation of suburbs and sprawl in literature, popular media, and science fiction.