bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of textile pattern design by M. C. Escher’s tessellation technique using chaekgeori icons
Authors: An Mi Hwa , Jang Ae Ran 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to raise awareness of the uniqueness and excellence of Korea’s traditional culture among members of the MZ generation (Millennials and generation Z) and explore the possibility of utilizing archetypes of traditional culture in the contemporary context. To that end, this study develops and proposes unique contemporary textile pattern designs applying M. C. Escher’s tessellation technique to the formative characteristics and symbolic meaning of Chaekgeori icons. To develop the designs, this study reviews the previous literature and theoretically considers the concept of Chaekgeori, its formative characteristics, and Escher’s tessellation. After extracting iconsrelated to the themes, stylized iconographic motives were applied to geometric shapes to create repeating units. Then, Escher’s tessellation was applied to these repeats to develop twelve contemporarily reimagined textile patterns. To verify the usability of the developed textile pattern designs in products targeting the MZ generation, in-depth interviews were conducted with the MZ generation living in Jeju. The developed textile patterns were mapped onto the selected items to prove the applicability of the developed textile patterns to the items preferred by the MZ generation. The contribution of this study lies in the fact that it develops unique and contemporary textile pattern designs based on the formative characteristics and symbolic meaning of Chaekgeori icons and maps the designs of fashion items preferred by the MZ generation, thereby raising awareness of the value and excellence of Chaekgeori as a part of Korea’s traditional culture and shedding light on the possibility of using traditional cultural archetypes in contemporary contexts.
2D nanochannels and huge specific surface area offer unique ways for water remediation and adsorption: assessing the strengths of hexagonal boron nitride in separation technology
Authors: Avasarala Sankeerthana , Bose Suryasarathi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis review highlights the advantages of incorporating hexagonal Boron Nitride (BN) into the current membrane-based architectures for water remediation over other well-explored 2D nanomaterials such as graphene, graphene oxide, molybdenum sulphide, MXenes. BN has an interlayer spacing of 3.3A0 which is similar to that of graphene, but smaller than that of the other 2D nanomaterials. BN is bioinert, and stable under harsh chemical and thermal conditions. When combined with thin film composite and mixed matrix membrane architectures, BN can help achieve high permeance, dye rejection, and desalination. Laminar membranes assembled by BN nanosheets do not swell uncontrollably in aqueous environments unlike graphene oxide. BN nanomaterials have a large specific surface area which implies more adsorption sites, and are inherently hydrophobic in nature, which means the adsorbent in its powder form can be easily separated from contaminated water. BN adsorbents can be regenerated by treating with chemicals or heating to high temperatures to remove the adsorbate, without damaging the BN, due to its thermal and chemical inertness. BN nanomaterials have the potential to circumvent the current shortcomings of membranes and adsorbents, while greatly enhancing the performance of membranes and adsorbents for water remediation.
Graphical Abstract
North-facing aspects, shade objects, and microtopographic depressions promote the survival and growth of tree seedlings planted after wildfire
Authors: Marshall Laura A. E. , Fornwalt Paula J. , Stevens-Rumann Camille S. , Rodman Kyle C. , Rhoades Charles C. , Zimlinghaus Kevin , Chapman Teresa B. , Schloegel Catherine A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Planting tree seedlings may help promote forest recovery after extensive high-severity wildfire. We evaluated the influence of growing environment characteristics on the performance of seedlings planted in the 2016 Cold Springs Fire, Colorado, USA. In 2021, four growing seasons after planting, we measured survival, height, and 2021 height growth for 300 ponderosa pine, limber pine, and Douglas-fir seedlings permanently marked along “stake rows.” For each seedling, we also recorded one site-level growing environment characteristic, aspect, and two microsite-level characteristics, the presence of coarse wood or other shade object and the presence of water-capturing microtopographic depressions. To examine a potential mechanism through which these growing environment characteristics could influence seedling responses, we also measured summer soil moisture at each ponderosa pine seedling. We used generalized linear mixed models to examine the influence of aspect, shade object presence, and depression presence on seedling survival, height, and height growth, and on soil moisture.

Results
The growing environment had a clear influence on tree seedlings. We found greater seedling survival on more northerly aspects, in shade, and in depressions. Across all species, seedlings on north aspects had 37% greater survival than those on south aspects (76% vs. 39%, respectively). Seedlings planted in shaded microsites had 20% greater survival, and seedlings planted in depression microsites had 14% greater survival relative to microsites without shading or depressions, respectively. Seedling height was greater on more northerly aspects and in shade. Likewise, seedling height growth was generally greater on north aspects and in shade, although the influence of aspect and shade depended on species. Soil moisture was greater in depressions.

Conclusions
The findings of this opportunistic study demonstrate how positioning seedlings to take advantage of cooler, wetter growing environments can increase their performance in what are often climatically stressful post-fire landscapes. Overall, planting seedlings on north-facing aspects, in shaded microsites, and in depression microsites, practices commonly employed by land managers, were effective at promoting survival and growth, thereby facilitating planting success. These practices will likely become ever more relevant as the pace and scale of post-fire planting increases and as planting conditions become more stressful due to ongoing climate change.
Nonlinear distance measures under the framework of Pythagorean fuzzy sets with applications in problems of pattern recognition, medical diagnosis, and COVID-19 medicine selection
Authors: Dutta Palash , Borah Gourangajit , Gohain Brindaban , Chutia Rituparna 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
The concept of Pythagorean fuzzy sets (PFSs) is an utmost valuable mathematical framework, which handles the ambiguity generally arising in decision-making problems. Three parameters, namely membership degree, non-membership degree, and indeterminate (hesitancy) degree, characterize a PFS, where the sum of the square of each of the parameters equals one. PFSs have the unique ability to handle indeterminate or inconsistent information at ease, and which demonstrates its wider scope of applicability over intuitionistic fuzzy sets.

Results
In the present article, we opt to define two nonlinear distances, namely generalized chordal distance and non-Archimedean chordal distance for PFSs. Most of the established measures possess linearity, and we cannot incorporate them to approximate the nonlinear nature of information as it might lead to counter-intuitive results. Moreover, the concept of non-Archimedean normed space theory plays a significant role in numerous research domains. The proficiency of our proposed measures to overcome the impediments of the existing measures is demonstrated utilizing twelve different sets of fuzzy numbers, supported by a diligent comparative analysis. Numerical examples of pattern recognition and medical diagnosis have been considered where we depict the validity and applicability of our newly constructed distances. In addition, we also demonstrate a problem of suitable medicine selection for COVID-19 so that the transmission rate of the prevailing viral pandemic could be minimized and more lives could be saved.

Conclusions
Although the issues concerning the COVID-19 pandemic are very much challenging, yet it is the current need of the hour to save the human race. Furthermore, the justifiable structure of our proposed distances and also their feasible nature suggest that their applications are not only limited to some specific research domains, but decision-makers from other spheres as well shall hugely benefit from them and possibly come up with some further extensions of the ideas.
The role of affective temperaments in bipolar disorder: The solid role of the cyclothymic, the contentious role of the hyperthymic, and the neglected role of the irritable temperaments
Authors: Karam Elie G. , Saab Dahlia , Jabbour Salam , Karam Georges E. , Hantouche Elie , Angst Jules 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
The aim of the present study is to evaluate the role of individual affective temperaments as clinical predictors of bipolarity in the clinical setting.

Methods
The affective temperaments of 1723 consecutive adult outpatients presenting for various symptoms to a university-based mental health clinical setting were assessed. Patients were administered the Hypomania Checklist-32 and the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego – Auto-questionnaire (TEMPS-A) and were diagnosed by psychiatrists according to the DSM-5 criteria. TEMPS-A scores were studied as both continuous and normalized categorical z-scores from a previously established nationwide study on the general population of Lebanon. Simple and multiple binary logistic regressions were done on patients who have any of the DSM-5 defined bipolar types, as a combined group or separately, versus patients without any bipolar diagnosis.

Results
At the multivariable level and taking into account all temperaments, the irritable temperament is a consistent predictor of bipolar I and bipolar II disorders. Cyclothymic temperament also played a strong role in bipolarity but more decisively so in bipolar II and substance-induced bipolarity. The hyperthymic temperament had no role in bipolar I or bipolar II disorder.
Cardio-cerebrovascular Outcomes in MODY, Type 1 Diabetes, and Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wu Hui-Xuan , Chu Tian-Yao , Iqbal Junaid , Jiang Hong-Li , Li Long , Wu Yan-Xuan , Zhou Hou-De 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Context
Cardio-cerebrovascular events are severe complications of diabetes.

Objective
We aim to compare the incident risk of cardio-cerebrovascular events in maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY), type 1 diabetes, and type 2 diabetes.

Methods
Type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and MODY were diagnosed by whole exome sequencing. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of the first major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), including acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, unstable angina pectoris, and cardio-cerebrovascular-related mortality. Cox proportional hazards models were applied and adjusted to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for the incident risk of MACE in type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, MODY, and MODY subgroups compared with people without diabetes (control group).

Results
Type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and MODY accounted for 2.7%, 68.1%, and 11.4% of 26 198 participants with diabetes from UK Biobank. During a median follow-up of 13 years, 1028 MACEs occurred in the control group, contrasting with 70 events in patients with type 1 diabetes (HR 2.15, 95% CI 1.69-2.74, P &lt; .05), 5020 events in patients with type 2 diabetes (HR 7.02, 95% CI 6.56-7.51, P &lt; .05), and 717 events in MODY (HR 5.79, 95% CI 5.26-6.37, P &lt; .05). The hazard of MACE in HNF1B-MODY was highest among MODY subgroups (HR 11.00, 95% CI 5.47-22.00, P = 1.5 × 10–11).

Conclusion
MODY diagnosed by genetic analysis represents higher prevalence than the clinical diagnosis in UK Biobank. The risk of incident cardio-cerebrovascular events in MODY ranks between type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes.
Does human foot anthropometry relate to plantar flexor fascicle mechanics and metabolic energy cost across various walking speeds?
Authors: Papachatzis Nikolaos , Ray Samuel F. , Takahashi Kota Z. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Foot structures define the leverage in which the ankle muscles push off against the ground during locomotion. While prior studies have indicated that inter-individual variation in anthropometry (e.g. heel and hallux lengths) can directly affect force production of ankle plantar flexor muscles, its effect on the metabolic energy cost of locomotion has been inconclusive. Here, we tested the hypotheses that shorter heels and longer halluces are associated with slower plantar flexor (soleus) shortening velocity and greater ankle plantar flexion moment, indicating enhanced force potential as a result of the force–velocity relationship. We also hypothesized that such anthropometry profiles would reduce the metabolic energy cost of walking at faster walking speeds. Healthy young adults (N=15) walked at three speeds (1.25, 1.75 and 2.00 m s−1), and we collected in vivo muscle mechanics (via ultrasound), activation (via electromyography) and whole-body metabolic energy cost of transport (via indirect calorimetry). Contrary to our hypotheses, shorter heels and longer halluces were not associated with slower soleus shortening velocity or greater plantar flexion moment. Additionally, longer heels were associated with reduced metabolic cost of transport, but only at the fastest speed (2.00 m s−1, R2=0.305, P=0.033). We also found that individuals with longer heels required less increase in plantar flexor (soleus and gastrocnemius) muscle activation to walk at faster speeds, potentially explaining the reduced metabolic cost.
Safety and immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine in adults in Kenya: a phase 1/2 single-blind, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hamaluba Mainga , Sang Samuel , Orindi Benedict , Njau Irene , Karanja Henry , Kamau Naomi , Gitonga John N. , Mugo Daisy , Wright Daniel , Nyagwange James , Kutima Bernadette , Omuoyo Donwilliams , Mwatasa Mwaganyuma , Ngetsa Caroline , Agoti Charles , Cheruiyot Stanley , Nyaguara Amek , Munene Marianne , Mturi Neema , Oloo Elizaphan , Ochola-Oyier Lynette , Mumba Noni , Mauncho Cynthia , Namayi Roselyne , Davies Alun , Tsofa Benjamin , Nduati Eunice W. , Aliyan Nadia , Kasera Kadondi , Etyang Anthony , Boyd Amy , Hill Adrian , Gilbert Sarah , Douglas Alexander , Pollard Andrew , Bejon Philip , Lambe Teresa , Warimwe George ,   COV004 Vaccine Trial Group
Published: April 2023

Background: There are limited data on the immunogenicity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in African populations. Here we report the immunogenicity and safety of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine from a phase 1/2 single-blind, randomised, controlled trial among adults in Kenya conducted as part of the early studies assessing vaccine performance in different geographical settings to inform Emergency Use Authorisation. Methods: We recruited and randomly assigned (1:1) 400 healthy adults aged ≥18 years in Kenya to receive ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or control rabies vaccine, each as a two-dose schedule with a 3-month interval. The co-primary outcomes were safety, and immunogenicity assessed using total IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein 28 days after the second vaccination. Results: Between 28th October 2020 and 19th August 2021, 400 participants were enrolled and assigned to receive ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (n=200) or rabies vaccine (n=200). Local and systemic adverse events were self-limiting and mild or moderate in nature. Three serious adverse events were reported but these were deemed unrelated to vaccination. The geometric mean anti-spike IgG titres 28 days after second dose vaccination were higher in the ChAdOx1 group (2773 ELISA units [EU], 95% CI 2447, 3142) than in the rabies vaccine group (61 EU, 95% CI 45, 81) and persisted over the 12 months follow-up. We did not identify any symptomatic infections or hospital admissions with respiratory illness and so vaccine efficacy against clinically apparent infection could not be measured. Vaccine efficacy against asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection was 38.4% (95% CI -26.8%, 70.1%; p=0.188). Conclusions: The safety, immunogenicity and efficacy against asymptomatic infection of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 among Kenyan adults was similar to that observed elsewhere in the world, but efficacy against symptomatic infection or severe disease could not be measured in this cohort. Pan-African Clinical Trials Registration: PACTR202005681895696 (11/05/2020)
Esperanza en el sistema jurídico de Derecho Penal de la comunidad internacional.
Authors: Carreras Presencio Ana Isabel 
Published: April 2023

La protección de los Derechos Humanos genera obligaciones para los Estados, según recogen las normas internacionales de derechos humanos, no obstante, con unos mecanismos de supervisión, que aunque revisados, no terminan de culminar en su propósito. Unas normas de protección de derechos humanos que también pueden ser de prohibición, no obstante, con límites por falta de jurisdicción internacional en su persecución. En positivo, se ha desarrollado un sistema jurídico de Derecho Penal Internacional para la persecución centralizada de las violaciones de derechos humanos, aunque sólo las de especial gravedad y trascendencia para la comunidad internacional. Una persecución de violaciones graves o sistemáticas de derechos humanos, no obstante, bajo una responsabilidad individual. Y porque los Estados no consienten asumir su responsabilidad. En negativo, persiste una inmunidad jurisdiccional de los Estados y sus bienes.
Heterogeneous Multi-resource Planning and Allocation Under Stochastic Demand
Authors: Baxter Arden , Keskinocak Pinar , Singh Mohit 
Published: April 2023

We study the capacity planning and allocation decisions for multiple heterogeneous resources, considering potential demand scenarios, where each demand requests a subset of the available resource types simultaneously at a specified time, location, and duration (smRmD). We model this problem as a two-stage stochastic integer program and consider two variants for the objective function: (a) maximize the expected reward of demands met over all scenarios, subject to a budget B for resources, and (b) maximize the expected reward of demands met over all scenarios minus the cost of resources. Contributions of this work include (i) a thorough complexity analysis of smRmD and its variants, (ii) analysis of structural properties, (iii) development of various approximation algorithms using the unique structural properties of smRmD and its variants, and (iv) an extensive computational study to explore the ease with which exact and approximate solutions may be found. History: Accepted by Andrea Lodi, Area Editor for Design & Analysis of Algorithms–Discrete. Funding: This research has been supported in part by National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-1650044], NSF [Grants CMMI-1538860, NSF-AF:1910423, and NSF-AF:1717947], and the following Georgia Tech benefactors: William W. George, Andrea Laliberte, Richard ”Rick” E. & Charlene Zalesky, and Claudia & Paul Raines.
The Social Cost of Carbon When We Wish for Full-Path Robustness
Authors: Zhao Yifan , Basu Arnab , Lontzek Thomas S. , Schmedders Karl 
Published: April 2023

We compute the social cost of carbon (SCC) when decision makers want robust estimates in the face of deep (or “Knightian”) uncertainty. We introduce the notion of full-path accumulated robust preferences from stochastic control theory to an integrated assessment model. Robust preferences are appropriate for analyzing climate-related problems because, given the large uncertainty in climate science, they enable decision makers to attain solutions that are robust to a wide range of climate change scenarios. We solve the resulting model, which includes uncertainty about climate change and the ensuing economic damage and show the existence of optimal solutions and time-consistent optimal deterministic Markov policies. Additionally, we also prove that the standard Hansen–Sargent recursive utility provides an upper bound of this full-path utility. In our baseline model specification, we find that the year 2020’s optimal SCC is US$162 per tCO2 with an average annual growth rate of 2.5%, setting the world on a 1.37°C path, which requires full decarbonization by 2068. We introduce the notion of the SCC robustness premium, which we define as the additional SCC price tag for robustness. For a plausible range of preference parameters, the SCC robustness premium in 2020 is between US$1.41 and US$25.89 per tCO2 with US$2.20 per tCO2 in our baseline calibration. Over time, this premium grows significantly. The forecasts of our model facilitate managerial decision making during the world’s transition from a carbon- and emission-intensive economy to a regenerative economy. The high estimates for the SCC predict drastic rises in emission costs for high-emission industries. This paper was accepted by Elke Weber, Special Section of Management Science on Business and Climate Change. Funding: Y. Zhao and T. S. Lontzek acknowledge funding by the German Ministry of Research and Education (BMBF), Project CDR: “DAC-Tales” [Grant 01LS2196A], and by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation), project number 458465334. Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4736 .