bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gut microbiota profiling variated during colorectal cancer development in mouse
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Dong Wei , Zhao Jian , Wu Jing , Xia Jinqiang , Xie Shaofei , Song Xiaofeng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe imbalance of intestinal flora may promote the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer, changes of the intestinal flora during the development of colorectal cancer and the mechanism that promotes the colorectal cancer were discovered in this study. Deep sequencing of the microbial 16 s ribosomal RNA gene was used to investigate alterations in feces samples of mice at the early inflammation stage and fully developed stage of colorectal cancer.ResultsAccording to PCoA analysis and ANOSIM test, we found the intestinal flora had significantly changed in mice with colorectal inflammation or colorectal cancer compared with healthy mice (p < 0.05). Using correlation analysis, we found thatMuribaculaceaeandBacteroidaceaehad strong excluding interactions. The functional changes of the gut microbiota include the up-regulation of the cancers pathway and the down-regulation of the replication and repair pathways.ConclusionOur study found the intestinal flora of mice suffering from colorectal inflammation and colorectal cancer has changed significantly, especially the decrease ofMuribaculaceaeand the increase ofBacteroidaceae. We suppose that these two floras may play an important role in development of colorectal cancer.
Health care professionals’ perceptions about atrial fibrillation care in the Brazilian public primary care system: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Paschoal Elisabete , Gooden Tiffany E. , Olmos Rodrigo D. , Lotufo Paulo A. , Benseñor Isabela M. , Manaseki-Holland Semira , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Thomas G. Neil , Jolly Kate , Lancashire Emma , Lane Deirdre A. , Greenfield Sheila , Goulart Alessandra C. ,   on behalf of NIHR Global Health Research Group on Atrial Fibrillation Management, Arasalingam Ajini , Beane Abi , Brocklehurst Peter , Cheng Kar Keung , El-Bouri Wahbi , Feng Mei , Guo Yutao , Guruparan Mahesan , Gusso Gustavo , Haniffa Rashan , Humphreys Lindsey , Jowett Sue , Kodippily Chamira , Kumarendran Balachandran , Li Xuewen , Li Yan-guang , Lobban Trudie , Moore David , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah , Pirasanth Paskaran , Powsiga Uruthirakumar , Romagnolli Carla , Santos Itamar S. , Shantsila Alena , Sheron Vethanayagan Antony , Shribavan Kanesamoorthy , Szmigin Isabelle , Subaschandren Kumaran , Surenthirakumaran Rajendra , Tai Meihui , Thavarajah Bamini , Toippa Timo , Varella Ana C. , Wang Hao , Wang Jingya , Zhang Hui , Zhong Jiaoyue 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) negatively impacts health systems worldwide. We aimed to capture perceptions of and barriers and facilitators for AF care in Brazilian primary care units (PCUs) from the perspective of healthcare professionals (HCPs).

Methods
This mixed-methods, cross-sectional study utilised an exploratory sequential design, beginning with the quantitative data collection (up to 18 closed questions) immediately followed by a semi-structured interview. HCPs were recruited from 11 PCUs in the Sao Paulo region and included managers, physicians, pharmacists, nurses and community health agents. Descriptive statistics were used to present findings from the quantitative questionnaire and inductive analysis was used to identify themes from the qualitative data.

Results
One hundred seven HCPs were interviewed between September 2019 and May 2020. Three main themes were identified that encapsulated barriers and facilitators to AF care: access to care (appointments, equipment/tests and medication), HCP and patient roles (HCP/patient relationship and patient adherence) and the role of the organisation/system (infrastructure, training and protocols/guidelines). Findings from the qualitative analysis reinforced the quantitative findings, including a lack of AF-specific training for HCPs, protocols/guidelines on AF management, INR tests in the PCUs, patient knowledge of AF management and novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) as key barriers to optimal AF care.

Conclusions
Development and implementation of AF-specific training for PCU HCPs are needed in Brazil, along with evidence-based protocols and guidelines, educational programmes for patients, better access to INR tests for patients taking warfarin and availability of NOACs.
Vitamin C alleviates LPS-induced myocardial injury by inhibiting pyroptosis via the ROS-AKT/mTOR signalling pathway
Authors: Zhang Pu , Zang Meirong , Sang Zhenzhen , Wei Yunxia , Yan Yan , Bian Xiaohua , Dong Shimin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The efficacy of vitamin C in sepsis remains controversial. Whether vitamin C can alleviate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced myocardial injury by inhibiting pyroptosis has not been studied. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of vitamin C on LPS-induced myocardial injury in vitro.

Methods
H9C2 cells were treated with indicated concentrations of LPS, and the cell viability was then assessed by CCK-8 assay. The levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), CK-MB, IL-18 and IL-1β were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured using the fluorescent probe dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). Western blot assays were conducted to determine the levels of the ROS-associated protein nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (Nox4) and pyroptosis-associated proteins, such as NOD-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), caspase-1 and gasdermin D (GSDMD). The AKT inhibitor MK-2206 was then applied to explore the signalling pathway. Finally, H9C2 cells were divided into the control group, LPS group, vitamin C + LPS group, and N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) + LPS group. The intracellular ROS, levels of associated proteins, cell viability, and release of LDH, CK-MB, IL-18 and IL-1β were examined.

Results
LPS decreased cell viability and induced ROS and pyroptosis in H9C2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, LPS activated the AKT/mTOR pathway in H9C2 cells. The AKT inhibitor MK-2206 protected H9C2 cells from LPS-induced death by suppressing pyroptosis, without changing intracellular ROS level. Vitamin C significantly inhibited intracellular ROS and cell pyroptosis in LPS-treated H9C2 cells. Moreover, vitamin C suppressed the activation of the AKT/mTOR pathway.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that vitamin C alleviates LPS-induced myocardial injury by inhibiting pyroptosis via the ROS-AKT/mTOR signalling pathway and thus provide novel insights into the prevention of sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction.
Going virtual during the COVID-19 pandemic: adaptation of a mixed-methods dietary behavior study within a community-based participatory research study of African-American adults at risk for cardiovascular disease
Authors: Farmer Nicole , Tuason Ralph Thadeus , Kazmi Narjis , Flynn Sharon , Mitchell Valerie , Middleton Kimberly , Cox Robert , Franklin Kristina , Gordon Talya , Baginski Alyssa , Wallen Gwenyth R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Identifying mechanisms to maintain CBPR studies during an infectious disease pandemic is vital. The current paper describes the changes in methods and processes conducted within a CBPR mixed-methods study to a virtual setting during the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.

Method
The DC Community Organizing for Optimal Culinary Knowledge study with Heart (DC COOKS with Heart) was designed to assess the feasibility of a dietary behavior intervention among African-American adults that are at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The study is under the umbrella of an ongoing CBPR study and community advisory board that facilitates community involvement in study design and promotes ongoing engagement with community members and leaders. The study population for D.C. COOKS with Heart consists of adult African-American individuals who live in two low-resource neighborhoods in Washington, D.C., which were impacted disproportionately by COVID. Eligible study participants who previously participated in the DC CHOC community-based studies were contacted to participate in Phase 1. The quantitative part of the mixed-methods included survey data collection.

Results
Due to the pandemic, the mode of data collection for surveys changed from self-administered face-to-face to internet-based. All virtual study procedures were conducted between March and April, 2021. Anticipated benefits of the virtual setting included participant safety during the pandemic, ease of logistics for participants. Anticipated challenges included administration of electronic devices to participants, research team training, and potential threats to established trust related to the privacy and confidentiality of participants.

Conclusion
The transition to a virtual setting for study procedures in a mixed-methods study was conducted successfully in terms of recruitment, retention of participants, and training of research team members. The virtual transition required established and ongoing engagement through the community advisory board and CBPR practices, institutional support through virtual research policies, collaborations with information technology-based teams, and equipment administration for the study.

Trials registration
NCT04305431. Registered on March 12, 2020.
Model selection for survival individualized treatment rules using the jackknife estimator
Authors: Honvoh Gilson D. , Cho Hunyong , Kosorok Michael R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Precision medicine is an emerging field that involves the selection of treatments based on patients’ individual prognostic data. It is formalized through the identification of individualized treatment rules (ITRs) that maximize a clinical outcome. When the type of outcome is time-to-event, the correct handling of censoring is crucial for estimating reliable optimal ITRs.

Methods
We propose a jackknife estimator of the value function to allow for right-censored data for a binary treatment. The jackknife estimator or leave-one-out-cross-validation approach can be used to estimate the value function and select optimal ITRs using existing machine learning methods. We address the issue of censoring in survival data by introducing an inverse probability of censoring weighted (IPCW) adjustment in the expression of the jackknife estimator of the value function. In this paper, we estimate the optimal ITR by using random survival forest (RSF) and Cox proportional hazards model (COX). We use a Z-test to compare the optimal ITRs learned by RSF and COX with the zero-order model (or one-size-fits-all). Through simulation studies, we investigate the asymptotic properties and the performance of our proposed estimator under different censoring rates. We illustrate our proposed method on a phase III clinical trial of non-small cell lung cancer data.

Results
Our simulations show that COX outperforms RSF for small sample sizes. As sample sizes increase, the performance of RSF improves, in particular when the expected log failure time is not linear in the covariates. The estimator is fairly normally distributed across different combinations of simulation scenarios and censoring rates. When applied to a non-small-cell lung cancer data set, our method determines the zero-order model (ZOM) as the best performing model. This finding highlights the possibility that tailoring may not be needed for this cancer data set.

Conclusion
The jackknife approach for estimating the value function in the presence of right-censored data shows satisfactory performance when there is small to moderate censoring. Winsorizing the upper and lower percentiles of the estimated survival weights for computing the IPCWs stabilizes the estimator.
General practitioner care in nursing homes during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: a retrospective survey among nursing home managers
Authors: Kühl Anja , Hering Christian , Herrmann Wolfram J. , Gangnus Annabell , Kohl Raphael , Steinhagen-Thiessen Elisabeth , Kuhlmey Adelheid , Gellert Paul 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Though evidence on the detrimental impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in nursing homes is vast, research focusing on general practitioners’ (GP) care during the pandemic in nursing homes is still scarce.

Methods
A retrospective online survey among 1,010 nursing home managers in Germany was conducted during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic between November 2020 and February 2021. Associations between perceived deficits in GP care (routine and acute visits) and both general and COVID-19-related characteristics of nursing homes were analysed using multiple logistic regression analyses.

Results
The majority of nursing home managers reported no deficits in GP care (routine visits, 84.3%; acute visits, 92.9%). Logistic regression analyses revealed that deficits in GP care (routine visits) were significantly associated with visiting restrictions for GPs and nursing home size. Small nursing homes (1–50 residents) were significantly more likely to report deficits in GP care (routine visits) compared to medium (51–100 residents) and large nursing homes (> 100 residents). Further, deficits in GP care (acute visits) were significantly associated with dementia as a focus of care and the burden of insufficient testing for SARS-CoV-2 among residents. Moreover, visiting restrictions for GPs were significantly associated with dementia as the focus of care and the COVID-19 incidence at the federal state level. Finally, COVID-19 cases in nursing homes were significantly associated with size of nursing homes, COVID-19-incidence on the federal state level and the burden of insufficient testing capacities for SARS-CoV-2 among residents.

Conclusion
We found structural factors associated with GP care deficits during the pandemic. New concepts for GP care should be implemented in pandemic preparedness plans to ensure high quality, consistent, and reliable GP care as well as effective infection prevention measures in nursing homes.
Risk factors for the poor prognosis of Benign esophageal perforation: 8-year experience
Authors: Yang Qinyu , Liu Haipeng , Shu Xu , Liu Xiaoming 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Esophageal perforation (EP) has a high mortality rate and poor prognosis. This single-center retrospective study aims to analyze the related risk factors for benign EP.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 135 patients with benign EP admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from January 2012 to December 2020. Univariate and multivariate logistic analysis were performed to estimate risk factors for prognosis of esophageal perforation patients.

Results
There were 118 EP patients with foreign body ingestion and 17 patients with nonforeign body ingestion. Fish bones (78/118) were the most common foreign body and most of the nonforeign EPs were caused by spontaneous esophageal rupture (14/17). Foreign body perforations occurred mostly in the upper thoracic segment (70/118) and middle thoracic segment (31/118), and spontaneous esophageal ruptures occurred mostly in the lower thoracic segment (15/17). Fifteen patients (11.1%) died during hospitalization or within one month of discharge. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that high white blood cell (WBC) levels [odds ratio (OR) = 2.229, 95% confidential interval (CI): 0.776–6.403, P = 0.025], chest or mediastinal emphysema (OR = 7.609, 95% CI: 2.418–23.946, P = 0.001), and time to treatment > 72 h (OR = 3.407, 95% CI: 0.674–17.233, P = 0.018) were independent risk factors for poor prognosis.

Conclusion
Foreign body was the major reason for benign EP. High WBC level, chest or mediastinal emphysema and time to treatment > 72 h were risk factors for poor prognosis.
‘After mealtime is before mealtime’ – an ethnographic exploration of nursing home residents’ practices of dealing with meal requirements
Authors: Stöhr Doreen , Mayer Hanna , Soom Ammann Eva 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
In nursing homes, food is part of the care provided to residents, causing it to be strictly organised within the institutional framework. Moreover, once food has been integrated into the institutional logic, structural and economic aspects regarding organisation of food and eating may dictate individual and social needs, as a theoretical perspective informed by Goffman’s notion of the ‘total social institution’ suggests. This paper describes nursing home residents’ practices of dealing with meal requirements in two Austrian nursing homes, to understand how food integrates into the daily routine and how the institutional setting influences the social and material arrangement of food.

Methods
An ethnographic design was chosen to gain an in-depth understanding. Two urban nursing homes were studied over 21 months (approx. 800 h of participant observation and ethnographic interviews collected). Data analysis took place iteratively, following Grounded Theory strategies.

Results
As the thick descriptions resulting from this procedure show, observing everyday practices of eating in nursing homes reveals complex dimensions of residents being subject to institutional logics, and also demonstrates that residents develop elaborate strategies to deal with the institutional circumstances.

Conclusion
A better understanding of the resulting tensions between the restrictions of living in a formal organisation and the agencies of residents described, may contribute to better understanding the effects of structural constraints and to designing more flexible processes.
Exploring women’s experiences during childbirth in health facilities during COVID-19 pandemic in occupied palestinian territory: a cross-sectional community survey
Authors: ME Abu-Rmeileh Niveen , Wahdan Yasmeen , Mehrtash Hedieh , Hamad Khitam Abu , Awad Arein , Tunçalp Ӧzge 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Introduction
This study aims to assess the prevalence of mistreatment during childbirth in the occupied Palestinian territory and to explore factors associated with mistreatment.

Methods
A cross-sectional study of women who gave birth in the West Bank and Gaza Strip health facilities. The survey was administered over the phone to women up to 8 weeks post-partum. Data collection took place between July 2020 and March 2021.

Results
A total of 745 women participated in the study, 36·25% were from the Gaza Strip and 63·75% from the West Bank. The prevalence of mistreatment was 18·8% in which women reported any verbal abuse, physical abuse, or stigma or discrimination during childbirth, with verbal abuse as the most common form of mistreatment reported. Physical abuse was more likely to be reported by women with no labour companion with them (OR: 3·11, 95%CI: 1·24 − 7·99). Verbal abuse was more likely to be reported by women with less than three live births (OR: 1·71, 95%CI: 1·06 − 2·76, women with no birth companion (OR: 2·72, 95%CI: 1·36 − 3·80) and more likely to be reported if curtains wre not used (OR: 2·55, 95%CI: 1·33 − 4·88). Women with less education were more likely to report long waiting times or delays in receiving services compared to women with higher education (OR: 1·40, 95%CI: 1·06 − 2·10).

Conclusion
For the first time using the World Health Organisation (WHO) tool in the Eastern Mediterranean region, the study findings, show the occurrence of mistreatment and identify areas to be strengthened to ensure that all women have a respectful childbirth experience within health facilities.
Clinicopathological findings, prognosis, and Epstein–Barr virus infection in rheumatoid arthritis patients with other iatrogenic immunodeficiency-associated T- and NK-cell lymphoproliferative disorders
Authors: Kimura Shoichi , Oshiro Yumi , Iwasaki Hiromi , Kadowaki Masanori , Ogata Masao , Daa Tsutomu , Sakata Toshifumi , Kawauchi Shigeto , Wang Ziyao , Takamatsu Yasushi , Takeshita Morishige 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Other iatrogenic immunodeficiency-associated (OIIA) T- and natural killer (NK)-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (TNK-LPDs) are rare in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods
We investigated the clinicopathological characteristics, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection, genetic findings, therapeutic response, and prognostic factors in 21 RA patients with OIIA TNK-LPDs and compared these with those of 39 with OIIA B-cell LPDs (B-LPDs) and 22 with non-OIIA B-LPDs.

Results
Immunohistologically, 11 patients (52%) showed CD4+ T-LPDs, and 7 had a T follicular helper (TFH) phenotype. The other nine patients (43%) showed CD8+ T-LPDs, and the remaining one (5%) had features of CD3+ CD4− CD8− nasal type TNK-cell lymphoma. CD30+, p53+, and CMYC+ atypical lymphocytes were identified in seven (33%), eight (38%), and five (24%) patients, respectively. In situ hybridisation detected EBV-encoded RNA (EBER) + large atypical lymphocytes in five patients (24%). Nine of 17 patients (53%) showed clonal peaks of TCRγ by polymerase chain reaction. Withdrawal of MTX and biologic drugs was effective in 12 patients (57%), and 8 (38%) received chemotherapies. Two patients with TFH+ or EBV+ CD4+ CD30+ large cell peripheral T-cell lymphoma, one with CD8+ systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma, and two with systemic EBV+ CD8+ T-cell lymphoma of childhood showed a lethal progressive clinical course within 13 months. Moreover, > 500 U/L LDH, large atypical lymphocytes, expression of CD30, p53, and CMYC, and EBER+ atypical lymphocytes were significantly poor prognostic factors for overall survival (p < 0.05). Median interval from RA onset to OIIA TNK-LPDs was 72 months, which was shorter than 166 months in OIIA B-LPDs (p = 0.003). EBV+ atypical and reactive lymphocytes were frequently found in 15 patients with OIIA TNK-LPDs (71%), in 27 with OIIA B-LPDs (69%), and only in 3 with non-OIIA B-LPDs (14%).

Conclusions
OIIA TNK-LPDs occurred in early phase of RA, compared with OIIA B-LPDs, and occasionally showed a lethal progressive clinical course. Detection of OIIA TNK-LPD patients with poor prognostic factors is necessary. EBV infection in immunosuppressed patients due to persistent RA, MTX, and biologic drugs may play a role in forming the tumour microenvironment and lymphomagenesis of TNK-LPDs.