bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Quantum Algorithm for Solving Eigenproblem of the Laplacian Matrix of a Fully Connected Weighted Graph
Authors: Liu Hai‐Ling , Wan Lin‐Chun , Yu Chao‐Hua , Pan Shi‐Jie , Qin Su‐Juan , Gao Fei , Wen Qiao‐Yan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSolving eigenproblem of the Laplacian matrix of a fully connected weighted graph has wide applications in data science, machine learning, and image processing, etc. However, this is very challenging because it involves expensive matrix operations. Here, an efficient quantum algorithm is proposed to solve it. Specifically, the optimal Hamiltonian simulation technique based on the block‐encoding framework is adopted to implement the quantum simulation of the Laplacian matrix. Then, the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the Laplacian matrix are extracted by the quantum phase estimation algorithm. The core of this entire algorithm is to construct a block‐encoding of the Laplacian matrix. To achieve this, how to construct block‐encoding of operators containing the information of the weight matrix and the degree matrix, respectively are shown in detail, and the block‐encoding of the Laplacian matrix is further obtained. Compared with its classical counterpart, this algorithm has a polynomial speedup on the number of vertices and an exponential speedup on the dimension of each vertex. It is also shown that this algorithm can be extended to solve the eigenproblem of symmetric (non‐symmetric) normalized Laplacian matrix.
Automated high‐throughput characterization of microbial metabolites and species using array ballpoint electrospray ionization technique
Authors: Fu Xian , Wang Yu , Zhou Yan , Xia Bing 
Published: April 2023

RationaleMicrobial metabolites are widely used in agriculture, food, environment, and medicine. However, there is a lack of high‐throughput, nonclogging, and simple methods for the identification of microbial metabolites and their subspecies using ambient mass spectrometry (MS). Here, we proposed a method for analyzing the microbial metabolites and identifying their species using the array ballpoint electrospray ionization (aBPESI) technique.MethodsThe previously developed BPESI was combined with the array analysis technique to form a high‐throughput analysis technique called aBPESI. The bacteria cultured on the plate medium were directly analyzed using MS with aBPESI. Principal component analysis–linear discriminant analysis (PCA‐LDA) algorithm was used to analyze the different subspecies groups.ResultsThe results showed that aBPESI was capable of completing a sample analysis within 30 s, and the level of metabolite detection was comparable to existing techniques. The accuracy of bacterial subspecies identification was 90% (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and 100% (Serratia marcescens).ConclusionsA new high‐throughput and robust MS technique aBPESI was proposed. It does not require sample pretreatment and greatly reduces the sample analysis time. aBPESI shows a strong ability in microbial analysis and is expected to be further applied in other research fields.
Singular value decomposition based learning identification for linear time‐varying systems: From recursion to iteration
Authors: Song Fazhi , Li Li , Liu Yang , Dong Yue 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSystem identification is a critical task in various engineering applications such as motion control, signal processing and robotics. In this article, the identification of linear time‐varying (LTV) systems that perform tasks repetitively over a finite‐time interval is investigated. Traditional LTV system identification typically adopts recursive algorithms in the time domain, which are incapable of tracking drastic‐varying parameters and are subject to estimation lag and numerical instability. To address these issues, this article proposes the utilization of an iteration axis in addition to the time axis for estimating repetitive time‐varying parameters. Specifically, the proposed approach involves an estimation algorithm for the time‐varying parameters based on a recursive least squares (RLS) method along the iteration axis, as well as an update algorithm for the covariance matrix based on singular value decomposition (SVD) to enhance numerical stability. Additionally, a bias compensation method based on noise variance estimation is introduced for the sake of eliminating estimation error induced by measurement noise. Numerical comparisons with existing methods are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.
Numerical analysis of the thermomechanical behavior of rubber concrete at high temperatures
Authors: Karim Serroukh Hamza , El Marzak Mounir , Benaicha Mouhcine , Li Wenlong , Zhu Jianguo , Hafidi Alaoui Adil 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInsufficient research has been done on the mechanical and thermal properties of rubber concrete in the presence of fire. In this paper, we do detailed numerical modeling of the rubber concrete's thermomechanical behavior under dynamic conditions at high temperatures (800°C) using different percentages of rubber aggregate (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%). The novelty of this work lies in its analysis of the temperature profiles over time in rubber concrete. This analysis is carried out using finite difference models developed with the MATLAB tool to predict thermomechanical parameters such as elastic modulus, thermal strain, tensile strength, and compressive strength. In addition, the dynamic behavior of the rubber concrete under impact loading was predicted, including stress and velocity change as a function of time at elevated temperatures. By the equations of motion and transient conduction, the mathematical model developed is based on density, thermal conductivity, heat capacity, and thermal expansion. The comparison between numerical and experimental results, and the analysis of the influence of the percentage of rubber aggregates on thermomechanical parameters, as well as the influence of temperature on the evolution of stress and velocity as a function of time, have shown the effectiveness of the mathematical and numerical model developed.
Recyclable thermally conductive poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) composites prepared via forced infiltration
Authors: Li Chenglin , Han Yi , Du Qingyuan , Wu Daming , Sun Jingyao , Wang Zhao , Zhang Liqun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWith the rapid development of electronic equipment and communication technology, the demand for polymer composites with high thermal conductivity and mechanical properties has increased significantly. However, its nondegradable polymer matrix will inevitably bring more and more serious environmental pollution. Therefore, it is urgent to develop biodegradable thermally conductive polymer composites. In this work, biodegradable poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) is used as the matrix material, and vacuum‐assisted filtration technology is employed to prepare carbon nanotube (CNT) and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) networks with high thermal conductivity. Then CNT–CNC/PBAT composites with high thermal conductivity and excellent mechanical properties are prepared by the ultrasonic‐assisted forced infiltration method. Both experiment and simulation methods are used to systematically investigate the thermally conductive and dissipation performances of the CNT–CNC/PBAT composites. Above all, a simple alcoholysis reaction is applied to realize the separation of the PBAT matrix and functional fillers without destroying the conductive network skeleton, which makes it possible for the recycling of thermally conductive polymer composites.
Introduction to the Silala River and its hydrology
Authors: Muñoz José F. , Suárez Francisco , Alcayaga Hernán , McRostie Virginia , Fernández Bonifacio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Silala River basin is located in a remote area in the Andes Mountain range, where hydro‐meteorological and hydrogeological data are scarce. Consequently, the hydrological functioning of this river system was not well understood. Due to a dispute between Chile and Bolivia over the status and use of the waters of the Silala River, Chile requested the International Court of Justice to adjudge the Silala River system to be an international watercourse. To support the case, scientific studies were carried out in both countries to fill hydrological and hydrogeological knowledge gaps. This article reviews the Silala River basin topographic characterization, historical water use, and the dominant hydrological processes, and briefly summarizes an enhanced monitoring programme, reported in more detail elsewhere in this Special Issue. The longitudinal topographic profile and river slope show that Silala fluvial system is an exorheic watershed; waters from the Cajones and Orientals wetlands in Bolivia, the two headwater sources of the Silala fluvial system, naturally flow from Bolivia to Chile, demonstrating that the Silala River system is indeed an international watercourse. New hydro‐meteorological, hydrological and hydrogeological measurement stations were installed in both countries and provided improved process insights and spatiotemporal coverage within the basin. These new observations helped to populate hydraulic, hydrological, and hydrogeological models, aimed to improve understanding of the functioning of the system, including the effects of historical disturbance due to channelization of the Bolivian wetlands.This article is categorized under:
Science of Water > Hydrological Processes
Human Water > Rights to Water
A DNA Origami-Based Biointerface to Interrogate the Spatial Requirements for Sensitized T-Cell Antigen Recognition
Authors: Hellmeier Joschka , Platzer René , Huppa Johannes B. , Sevcsik Eva 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhen T cells scan the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), they can detect the presence of just a few antigenic peptide/MHC complexes (pMHCs), in some cases even a single agonist pMHC. These are typically vastly outnumbered by structurally similar yet non-stimulatory endogenous pMHCs. How T cells achieve this enormous sensitivity and selectivity is still not clear, in particular in view of the rather moderate (1–100 μM) affinity that T-cell receptors (TCRs) typically exert for antigenic pMHCs. Experimental approaches that enable the control and quantification of physical input parameters within the context of the immunological synapse to precisely interrogate the molecular consequences of TCR-engagement, appear highly advantageous when searching for better answers.We here describe the implementation of a biointerface that allows to experimentally define molecular distances between T-cell ligands as a means to correlate them with molecular dynamics of antigen engagement, downstream signaling, and the overall T-cell response. The basis of this biointerface is DNA origami nanostructures, which are (i) rigid and highly versatile platforms that can (ii) be embedded as laterally mobile entities within supported lipid bilayers and functionalized (iii) in a site-specific and orthogonal manner with (iv) one or more proteins of choice.
Exploiting the RUSH System to Study Lytic Granule Biogenesis in Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes
Authors: Capitani Nagaja , Cassioli Chiara , Ravichandran Keerthana , Baldari Cosima T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Retention Using Selective Hooks (RUSH) system allows for the synchronized release of one or more proteins of interest from a donor endomembrane compartment, usually the endoplasmic reticulum, and the subsequent monitoring of their traffic toward acceptor compartments. Here we describe the RUSH system applied to cytotoxic T cells to characterize the biogenesis of lytic granules, using as a proof-of-concept granzyme B trafficking to this specialized compartment.
Methods of Machine Learning-Based Chimeric Antigen Receptor Immunological Synapse Quality Quantification
Authors: Gan Julian , Cho Jong Hyun , Lee Ryan , Naghizadeh Alireza , Poon Ling Yue , Wang Ethan , Hui Zachary , Liu Dongfang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractChimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-mediated immunotherapy shows promising results for refractory blood cancers. Currently, six CAR-T drugs have been approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Theoretically, CAR-T cells must form an effective immunological synapse (IS, an interface between effective cells and their target cells) with their susceptible tumor cells to eliminate tumor cells. Previous studies show that CAR IS quality can be used as a predictive functional biomarker for CAR-T immunotherapies. However, quantification of CAR-T IS quality is clinically challenging. Machine learning (ML)-based CAR-T IS quality quantification has been proposed previously.Here, we show an easy-to-use, step-by-step approach to predicting the efficacy of CAR-modified cells using ML-based CARIS quality quantification. This approach will guide the users on how to use ML-based CARIS quality quantification in detail, which include: how to image CARIS on the glass-supported planar lipid bilayer, how to define the CARIS focal plane, how to segment the CARIS images, and how to quantify the IS quality using ML-based algorithms.This approach will significantly enhance the accuracy and proficiency of CARIS prediction in research.
Investigating Diffusion Dynamics and Interactions with Scanning Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (sFCS)
Authors: Mørch Alexander M. , Schneider Falk 
Published: April 2023

AbstractActivation of immune cells and formation of immunological synapses (IS) rely critically on the reorganization of the plasma membrane. These highly orchestrated processes are driven by diffusion and oligomerization dynamics, as well as by single molecule interactions. While slow macro- and meso-scale changes in organization can be observed with conventional imaging, fast nano-scale dynamics are often missed with traditional approaches, but resolving them is, nonetheless, essential to understand the underlying biological mechanisms at play. Here, we describe the use of scanning fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (sFCS) and scanning fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (sFCCS) to study reorganization and changes in molecular diffusion dynamics and interactions during IS formation and in other biological settings. We focus on the practical aspects of the measurements including calibration and alignment of the optical setup, present a comprehensive protocol to perform the measurements, and provide data analysis pipelines and strategies. Finally, we show an exemplary application of the technology to studying Lck diffusion during T-cell signaling.
KI-Verfahren für die Hate Speech Erkennung: Die Gestaltung von Ressourcen für das maschinelle Lernen und ihre Zuverlässigkeit
Authors: Mandl Thomas 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Erkennung von Hate Speech durch KI erfordert umfangreiche Trainingsdaten. Die Zusammenstellung dieser Trainingsmenge entscheidet über die Leistungsfähigkeit der Systeme, denn es können nur Hassbotschaften erkannt werden, die den Trainingsdaten ähnlich sind. Zunächst werden einige der bestehenden Benchmarks und die Entwicklungen bei deren Aufbau besprochen. Anschließend diskutiert der Artikel mögliche Verzerrungen und die Ansätze für deren Messung. Auch der Vergleich über mehrere Kollektionen und das Schaffen von Transparenz können die Wirksamkeit von Trainingsdaten verdeutlichen.
Soft and collinear limits in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 8 supergravity using double copy formalism
Authors: Banerjee Nabamita , Rahnuma Tabasum , Singh Ranveer Kumar 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
It is known that 𝒩 = 8 supergravity is dual to 𝒩 = 4 super Yang-Mills (SYM) via the double copy relation. Using the explicit relation between scattering amplitudes in the two theories, we calculate the soft and collinear limits in 𝒩 = 8 supergravity from know results in 𝒩 = 4 SYM. In our application of double copy, a particular self-duality condition is chosen for scalars that allows us to constrain and determine the R-symmetry indices of the supergravity states in the collinear limit.
The Rank of the Sandpile Group of Random Directed Bipartite Graphs
Authors: Bhargava Atal , DePascale Jack , Koenig Jake 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe identify the asymptotic distribution of p-rank of the sandpile group of random directed bipartite graphs which are not too imbalanced. We show this matches exactly with that of the Erdös–Rényi random directed graph model, suggesting that the Sylow p-subgroups of this model may also be Cohen–Lenstra distributed. Our work builds on the results of Koplewitz who studied p-rank distributions for unbalanced random bipartite graphs, and showed that for sufficiently unbalanced graphs, the distribution of p-rank differs from the Cohen–Lenstra distribution. Koplewitz (sandpile groups of random bipartite graphs, https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.07519, 2017) conjectured that for random balanced bipartite graphs, the expected value of p-rank is O(1) for any p. This work proves his conjecture and gives the exact distribution for the subclass of directed graphs.
Epidemiologie der Pflege: Prävalenz und Inanspruchnahme sowie die gesundheitliche Versorgung von Pflegebedürftigen in Deutschland
Authors: Schwinger Antje , Jürchott Kathrin , Tsiasioti Chrysanthi , Matzk Sören , Behrendt Susann 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungRund 6 von 100 gesetzlich Versicherten gelten gemäß amtlicher Statistik der Sozialen Pflegeversicherung (SPV) als pflegebedürftig. Pflegebedürftigkeit folgt hierbei analog zum öffentlichen Diskurs der sozialrechtlichen Definition und damit einem nachfrageinduzierten Verständnis von Pflege.Um dem insbesondere demografisch bedingten Anstieg der Anzahl Pflegebedürftiger mit bedarfsgerechten Angebotsstrukturen zu begegnen, sind Kenntnis und Bewertung mehrerer Faktoren notwendig: die Häufigkeit der nach dem Elften Buch Sozialgesetzbuch (SGB XI) definierten Pflegebedürftigkeit und der unterschiedlichen Schweregrade sowie die Inanspruchnahme von Leistungen der Pflegeversicherung und der gesundheitlichen Versorgung.Der Beitrag stellt insofern Erkenntnisse und Berechnungen aus aktuell verfügbaren administrativen Sekundärdaten der Gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung (GKV) und SPV in Deutschland vor und benennt die Limitationen dieser Daten. Im Sinne einer epidemiologischen Näherung an das Thema Versorgung Pflegebedürftiger ist eine breitere Berichterstattung auf Basis von Primärerhebungen anzustreben.
Spacetime evolutive equilibrium in Nonlinear Continuum Mechanics
Authors: Romano Giovanni , Barretta Raffaele , Diaco Marina 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn Continuum Mechanics a widely cited formula, due to Nanson (Mess Math 7:182–185, 1878), contributes the relation between the product of area and unit normal vectors relevant to corresponding surfaces in two configurations of a 3D body. A geometric treatment provides equivalent expressions of Nanson formula by direct elaborations on Euler–Jacobi volume change formula. Meaning and limits of Nanson formula are underlined. In the literature this formula has been improperly assumed to be expedient for attempts of imposing equilibrium in a reference shape of the body. A critical revision shows recourse to scaling and parallel transport of surface and bulk forces is impassable in assessing alleged referential equilibrium. A variational formulation of evolutive equilibrium in spacetime is developed and finite step elastic problems guided by control algorithms in computational procedures are illustrated. Step-by-step iterative methods of solution of nonlinear structural problems and simple counterexamples should help in convincing referential equilibria are not conceivable in Nonlinear Continuum Mechanics.
Sex-dependent divergence in the effects of GLP-1 agonist exendin-4 on alcohol reinforcement and reinstatement in C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Díaz-Megido Claudia , Thomsen Morgane 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRationaleAlcohol use disorder remains a leading cause of preventable deaths, and current treatments have limited efficacy. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists can reduce alcohol drinking in preclinical studies, but mechanisms are still not fully understood, and data in female subjects are scarce.ObjectivesTo assess whether the GLP-1 receptor agonist exendin-4 could decrease alcohol-seeking behavior in the absence of alcohol consumption or intoxication, to compare the potency and efficacy of exendin-4 in the reduction of alcohol seeking vs. alcohol taking, and to compare effects between male and female mice.MethodsMale and female C57BL/6J mice were trained to self-administer 20% alcohol under an FR 1 schedule of reinforcement. After extinction, systemic exendin-4 (saline, 1.8, and 3.2 μg/kg) was tested in cue-induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking. Effects of exendin-4 on alcohol self-administration were tested in a separate group.ResultsExendin-4 suppressed reinstatement of alcohol seeking to extinction levels, at both doses, in the male mice, but had no effect in the female mice. Both doses of exendin-4 also significantly decreased alcohol self-administration in male mice; females again showed less pronounced effects.ConclusionsIn male mice, exendin-4 appeared more effective at suppressing alcohol seeking in the absence of alcohol relative to alcohol self-administration, consistent with modulation of alcohol reward or inhibitory control, rather than satiety or aversive effects of alcohol. We saw marked sex differences with less effect of exendin-4 in female mice, and it will be important to include both sexes in further investigations into GLP-1 receptor agonists.
Advances in testing for sample manipulation in clinical and forensic toxicology—part B: hair samples
Authors: Wissenbach Dirk K. , Binz Tina M. , Steuer Andrea E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAs a continuation of part A, focusing on advances in testing for sample manipulation of urine samples in clinical and forensic toxicology, part B of the review article relates to hair, another commonly used matrix for abstinence control testing. Similar to urine manipulation, relevant strategies to manipulate a hair test are lowering drug concentrations in hair to undercut the limits of detection/cut-offs, for instance, by forced washout effects or adulteration. However, distinguishing between usual, common cosmetic hair treatment and deliberate manipulation to circumvent a positive drug test is often impossible. Nevertheless, the identification of cosmetic hair treatment is very relevant in the context of hair testing and interpretation of hair analysis results. Newly evaluated techniques or elucidation of specific biomarkers to unravel adulteration or cosmetic treatment often focused on specific structures of the hair matrix with promising strategies recently proposed for daily routine work. Identification of other approaches, e.g., forced hair-washing procedures, still remains a challenge in clinical and forensic toxicology.