bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Integrated Evaluation Approach of wearable lower limb Exoskeletons for Human Performance Augmentation
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Chen Xue , Huo Bo , Liu Chenglin , Zhu Xiaorong , Zu Yuanyuan , Wang Xiliang , Chen Xiao , Sun Qing 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Wearable robots have been growing exponentially during the past years and it is crucial to quantify the performance effectiveness and to convert them into practical benchmarks. Although there exist some common metrics such as metabolic cost, many other characteristics still needs to be presented and demonstrated. In this study, we developed an integrated evaluation (IE) approach of wearable exoskeletons of lower limb focusing on human performance augmentation. We proposed a novel classification of trial tasks closely related to exoskeleton functions, which were divided into three categories, namely, basic trial at the preliminary phase, semi-reality trial at the intermediate phase, and reality trial at the advanced phase. In the present study, the IE approach has been exercised with a subject who wore an active power-assisted knee (APAK) exoskeleton with three types of trial tasks, including walking on a treadmill at a certain angle, walking up and down on three-step stairs, and ascending in 11-storey stairs. Three wearable conditions were carried out in each trial task, i.e. with unpowered exoskeleton, with powered exoskeleton, and without the exoskeleton. Nine performance indicators (PIs) for evaluating performance effectiveness were adopted basing on three aspects of goal-level, task-based kinematics, and human-robot interactions. Results indicated that compared with other conditions, the powered APAK exoskeleton make generally lesser heart rate (HR), Metabolic equivalent (METs), biceps femoris (BF) and rectus femoris (RF) muscles activation of the subject at the preliminary phase and intermediate phase, however, with minimal performance augmentation at advanced phase, suggesting that the APAK exoskeleton is not suitable for marketing and should be further improved. In the future, continuous iterative optimization for the IE approach may help the robot community to attain a comprehensive benchmarking methodology for robot-assisted locomotion more efficiently.
LncRNA-BC069792 suppresses tumor progression by targeting KCNQ4 in breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Yunxiang , Guo Xiangyu , Dong Xiaotong , Fan Yanping , Li ChunSen , Yuan Dawei , Li Meizeng , Zheng Jie , Li Hongli , Gao Peng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor that threatens women's health. The study of long-chain non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in breast cancer has been paid more and more attention, which is related to the progression of breast cancer, but the specific mechanism is not clear.
Methods
In this study, we explored the role of lncRNA BC069792 in breast cancer. In vitro and in vivo functional experiments were carried out in cell culture and mouse models. High-throughput next-generation sequencing technology and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR technology were used to evaluate differentially expressed genes and mRNA expression, Western blot and immunohistochemical staining were used to detect protein expression. RNA immunoprecipitation assay and dual-luciferase activity assay were used to evaluate the competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA), and rescue and mutation experiments were used for verification.
Results
We found that lncRNA BC069792 was expressed at low level in breast cancer tissues, and significantly decreased in breast cancer with high pathological grade, lymph node metastasis and high Ki-67 index groups. Moreover, BC069792 inhibited the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, BC069792 acts as a molecular sponge to adsorb hsa-miR-658 and hsa-miR-4739, to up-regulate the protein expression of Potassium Voltage-Gated Channel Q4 (KCNQ4), inhibit the activities of JAK2 and p-AKT, and play a role in inhibiting breast cancer growth.
Conclusions
LncRNA BC069792 plays the role of tumor suppressor gene in breast cancer and is a new diagnostic index and therapeutic target in breast cancer.
Discovery of a highly potent pan-RAF inhibitor IHMT-RAF-128 for cancer treatment
Authors: Wang Aoli , Liu Juan , Li Xixiang , Zou Fengming , Qi Ziping , Qi Shuang , Liu Qingwang , Wang Zuowei , Cao Jiangyan , Jiang Zongru , Wang Beilei , Ge Juan , Wang Li , Wang Wenchao , Liu Jing , Liu Qingsong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Although RAS mutations occur in about 30% of solid tumors, targeting RAS mutations other than KRAS-G12C is still challenging. As an alternative approach, developing inhibitors targeting RAF, the downstream effector of RAS signaling, is currently one of the main strategies for cancer therapy. Selective BRAF-V600E inhibitors Vemurafenib, Encorafenib, and Dabrafenib have been approved by FDA and received remarkable clinical responses, but these drugs are ineffective against RAS mutant tumors due to limited inhibition on dimerized RAF. In this study, we developed a highly potent pan-RAF inhibitor, IHMT-RAF-128, which exhibited similarly high affinities between RAF monomers and dimers, and showed potent anti-tumor efficacy against a variety of cancer cells harboring either RAF or RAS mutations, especially Adagrasib and Sotorasib (AMG510) resistant-KRAS-G12C secondary mutations, such as KRAS-G12C-Y96C and KRAS-G12C-H95Q. In addition, IHMT-RAF-128 showed excellent pharmacokinetic profile (PK), and the bioavailability in mice and rats were 63.9%, and 144.1%, respectively. Furthermore, IHMT-RAF-128 exhibited potent anti-tumor efficacy on xenograft mouse tumor models in a dose-dependent manner without any obvious toxicities. Together, these results support further investigation of IHMT-RAF-128 as a potential clinical drug candidate for the treatment of cancer patients with RAF or RAS mutations.
Financial Toxicity among Cancer-Survivors: A Conceptual Model Based on a Feedback Perspective
Authors: Scheidegger Alexander , Bernhardsgrütter Daniela , Kobleder Andrea , Müller Martin , Nestor Karen , Richle Ernst , Baum Eleonore 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Experiencing financial toxicity following a cancer diagnosis is a circular and complex process. We investigate the circular causal mechanisms that either reinforce or balance financial toxicity dynamics.
Methods
We conducted a literature review, expert interviews, a participatory modeling process and exploratory interviews with N = 11 adults with cancer living in Switzerland. We sampled participants purposively based on health-related and sociodemographic characteristics.
Results
We describe a conceptual model based on the triangulation of cancer survivor narratives, expert perspectives, and a literature review. This model distinguishes between the reinforcing and balancing feedback loops that drive the dynamics of financial toxicity. It includes the topics “Coping with Cancer and Employment”, “Coping with Limited Economic Resources” and “Maintaining Care Resources While Facing Economic Pressure.” For each topic, we identify a necessary condition for cancer survivors to avoid reinforcing financial toxicity.
Conclusions
The results allow us to reconstruct participant narratives regarding cancer-related financial toxicity. Based on comparison with scientific literature from Western Europe and North America, we hypothesize the validity of the model beyond the population covered by the sample. The results highlight the importance of screening for the risk of financial toxicity in the clinical context and individual risk and resource assessment in social counseling.
Implications for Cancer Survivors:
These results can raise cancer survivors’ awareness of risks related to financial toxicity and strengthen their resources for coping with financial burden successfully.
High Throughput Metabolomics In vitro Platform for The Identification of Hepatotoxicity Modes of Action
Authors: Ramirez-Hincapie Sabina , Birk Barbara , Ternes Philipp , Giri Varun , Haake Volker , Herold Michael , Zickgraf Franziska Maria , Verlohner Andreas , Huener Hans-Albrecht , Kamp Hennicke , Driemert Peter , Landsiedel Robert , Richling Elke , Funk-Weyer Dorothee , Ravenzwaay Bennard van 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cell-based metabolomics provides multiparametric physiologically relevant readouts that can be highly advantageous for improved, biologically based decision making in early stages of compound development. Here we present the development of a 96-well plate LC-MS-based targeted metabolomics screening platform for the classification of liver toxicity MoAs in HepG2 cells. Different parameters of the workflow (cell seeding density, passage number, cytotoxicity testing, sample preparation, metabolite extraction, analytical method, and data processing) were optimized and standardized to increase the efficiency of the testing platform. The applicability of the system was tested with seven substances known to be representative of three different liver toxicity MoAs (peroxisome proliferation, liver enzyme induction and liver enzyme inhibition). Multivariate and univariate analyses showed a dose response of the metabolic effects, a clear differentiation between liver toxicity MoAs and resulted in the identification of metabolite patterns specific for each MoA. Key metabolites indicative of both, general and mechanistic specific hepatotoxicity were identified. The method presented here offers a multiparametric, mechanistic-based and cost-effective hepatotoxicity screening that provides MoA classification and sheds light into the pathways involved in the toxicological mechanism. This assay can be implemented as a reliable compound screening platform for improved safety assessment in early compound development pipelines.
Effect of soil amendments on the sorption behaviour of atrazine in sandy loam soil
Authors: Khan Saifullah , Kumar Anup , Prasad Mahendra , Upadhyay Deepak , Mehta Brijesh K , P Shashikumara , Tamboli Pooja 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The behaviour of pesticides applied during cultivation of crops is affected by usage of amendments like farm yard manure (FYM) and vermicompost (VC) during land preparation. Among pesticides, atrazine, a widely used herbicide in many crops, was analysed for its kinetics and sorption behaviour through the addition of FYM and VC in sandy loam soil. The pseudo-second order (PSO) model best fits kinetic results in the recommended dose of FYM and VC mixed soil. Atrazine was more sorbed onto VC mixed soil than FYM mixed soil during adsorption. Both FYM and VC (1, 1.5, and 2%) increased atrazine adsorption, but the effect varied with dosage and type of amendment. The Freundlich adsorption isotherm adequately explained atrazine adsorption in soil/soil+(FYM/VC) mixtures, and adsorption was highly nonlinear. The values of Gibb’s free energy change (ΔG) were negative for both adsorption and desorption, suggesting sorption was exothermic and spontaneous in nature. The results revealed that the application of amendments used by farmers interferes with the availability, mobility, and infiltration of atrazine in the soil. Therefore, the findings of this study suggest that amendments like FYM and VC can be effectively used to minimize the residual toxicity of atrazine treated ago-ecosystems in tropical and sub-tropical regions.
An inter-galactic magnetic field strength of ~ 4 x 10-17 G inferred with GRB 221009A
Authors: Xia Zi-Qing , Wang Yun , Yuan Qiang , Fan Yi-Zhong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

The delayed GeV-TeV cascade emission from extragalactic TeV-PeV sources are regarded as an ideal probe of the inter-galactic magnetic fields. Recently, LHAASO has detected ~10 TeV emission of the extraordinary powerful GRB 221009A within ~2000 s after the burst. Here we report the detection of a ~400 GeV photon, without accompanying prominent low-energy emission, by Fermi-LAT in the direction of GRB 221009A with the time delay of 0.4 days. Such a hard spectrum can be generated from electromagnetic cascades initiated by early primary ~ 10 TeV photons in the intergalactic space. An inter-galactic magnetic field strength of BIGMF ~ 4 x 10-17 G, comparable to limits from TeV blazars, can naturally account for the arrival time of the ~400 GeV photon as well as the HAWC non-detection. Such a strength will be stringently tested by the upcoming CTA.
Association between Surgery for Odontoid Fractures in the Elderly and in-hospital Outcomes: Analysis from the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program
Authors: Merali Zamir , Zhang Peng F. , Jaffe Rachael H. , Jaja Blessing N. R. , Harrington Erin M. , Malhotra Armaan K. , Smith Christopher W. , He Yingshi , Balas Michael , Jack Andrew S. , Fehlings Michael G. , Wilson Jefferson R. , Witiw Christopher D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Odontoid fractures are increasingly prevalent in older adults and associated with high morbidity and mortality. Optimal management remains controversial. Our study aims to investigate the association between surgical management of odontoid fractures and in-hospital mortality in a multi-center geriatric cohort. We identified patients 65 years or older with C2 odontoid fractures from the Trauma Quality Improvement Program database. The primary study outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were in-hospital complications and hospital length of stay. Generalized estimating equation models were used to compare outcomes between operative and non-operative cohorts. Among the 13218 eligible patients, 1100 (8.3%) were treated surgically. The risk of in-hospital mortality did not differ between surgical and non-surgical groups, after patient and hospital-level adjustment (OR: 0.94, 95%CI: 0.55–1.60). The risks of major complications and immobility-related complications were higher in the operative cohort (adjusted OR: 2.12, 95%CI: 1.53–2.94; and OR: 2.24, 95%CI: 1.38–3.63, respectively). Patients undergoing surgery had extended in-hospital length of stay compared to the non-operative group (9 days, IQR: 6–12days vs. 4 days, IQR: 3-7days). These findings were supported by secondary analyses that considered between-center differences in rates of surgery. Among geriatric patients with odontoid fractures surgical management was associated with similar in-hospital mortality, but higher in-hospital complication rates compared to non-operative management. Surgical management of geriatric patients with odontoid fractures requires careful patient selection and consideration of pre-existing comorbidities.
Placement of EVD in pediatric posterior fossa tumors: safe and efficient or old-fashioned? The Vienna experience
Authors: Hedrich Cora , Gojo Johannes , Azizi Amedeo , Peyrl Andreas , Slavc Irene , Winter Fabian , Czech Thomas , Dorfer Christian 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose The perioperative treatment of hydrocephalus in pediatric posterior fossa tumors with an external ventricular drain (EVD) is the treatment of choice in our center. We analyzed our experience in using EVD concerning safety and effectivity.
Methods This is a single-center retrospective cohort study of 100 consecutive pediatric patients who underwent resection for a newly diagnosed tumor in the posterior fossa between 2011 and 2022.
Results Of the 100 patients with posterior fossa tumors, 80patients (80%) had signs of hydrocephalus at presentation, 49 patients (49%) of whom underwent placement of an EVD. In 40 patients the EVD was inserted at a mean of 2.25 days prior to the tumor resection, 9 had the EVD inserted during tumor resection (frontal trajectory in 7 patients, occipital trajectory in 2 patients). Histology revealed pilocytic astrocytoma in 48 patients, medulloblastoma in 32, ependymoma in 11 and other histologic entities in 9 patients. Gross total/near-total resection was achieved in 46 (95.83%) of the 48 pilocytic astrocytomas, 30 (93.75%) of the 32 medulloblastomas and 11 (100%) of the 11 ependymomas. The mean number of total days with the EVD in place was 8.61+/-3.82 (range 2-16 days). The mean number of days with an EVD after tumor resection was 6.35+/-3.8 (range 0-16 days). EVD associated complications were seen in 6 patients (12.24%) including one infection. None of these resulted in a worse clinical course or any long-term sequelae. Permanent CSF diversion at six months after surgery was necessary in 13 patients (13%), including two VP-shunt, two SD-shunt, six endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV), and three combined VP-Shunt and ETV procedures. Patients with a medulloblastoma or ependymoma had a higher rate of permanent CSF diversion needed than the group of pilocytic astrocytoma patients (27.9% versus 2.13%, p<0.001). In patients with metastatic disease 7 of 17 patients (41.18%) needed a permanent CSF diversion, compared to 6 of 83 patients (7.23%) in the group without metastasis (p=0.001).
Conclusion The treatment of hydrocephalus in pediatric posterior fossa tumors with an EVD as a temporary measure is safe and effective, provided that a multi-professional understanding for its handling is given and there is no need for a long transport of the children.
Delivery of a tissue derived extracellular matrix gel modulates early fibro-adipogenic cell behavior and improves recovery following both acute and chronic atrophy muscle injury
Authors: Huynh Tai , Slavin Chris , Ahmadi Shahryar , Wolchok Jeffrey C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

In this study we examined the potential of muscle derived extracellular matrix (ECM) gel prepared from skeletal muscle as a treatment strategy for acute and chronic degenerative atrophy. We conducted experiments to evaluate the gel’s effectiveness in both a mouse hindlimb unloading (HU) model (disuse atrophy), and on a rabbit shoulder rotator cuff tear (RCT) model (diseased atrophy). In the HU mouse model, the gel enhanceddenovomuscle regeneration (4000% higher in centralized nuclei myofiber density) and muscle mass (22% heavier) in the tibialis anterior muscle compared to PBS group. The transcriptomic and proteomic analysis using mouse tissues revealed that the gel elicited adult myogenesis programme. In the RCT rabbit model, the gel enhanced muscle mass (19% heavier), average myofiber cross-sectional area (29% larger), and lowered fatty infiltration (72% less fat) in the supraspinatus muscle compared to repair only. The transcriptomic and proteomic analysis using rabbit tissues revealed that the gel enhanced recovery through promoting a pro-myogenic muscle environment while lessening adipogenesis. The findings suggested that gel injection had a positive effect on the treatment of muscle atrophy and the therapeutic effect of the ECM gel was in part via its impact on fibro-adipogenic progenitor cell behavior, a mechanistic finding that could be exploited for even greater impact.
The Role of Diversity on the Environmental Performance and Transparency
Authors: ÖZPARLAK Gerçek , GÜROL Burcu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Global warming and climate crisis are increasing their effects day by day. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) put forward by the United Nations (UN) are the result of efforts to put sustainability on the agenda of the whole world. 17 goals serve the idea of a better world, not only environmentally but also socially. Even though the goals are seen as separate, all the goals are related to each other. While SDG 5 Gender Equality, and also SDG 10 Reduce Inequalities focus on eliminating gender-related disadvantages, it can also pave the way for disadvantaged groups to contribute in accordance with other goals with their different personal characteristics than men, by ensuring equal opportunities for the genders. For example, when women, who are more sensitive to environmental problems, take part in the decision-making bodies of companies, the environmental activity results of the enterprise may be more positive. To analyze this situation, we used 14-year data of 166 businesses traded in the US and Europe. We analyzed the diversity measures (board size-BS and women ratio on board-WOB ratio) and environmental performance results data and retested the results we reached. In this study, we focus on the E score and analyze the relationship in the short and long term, since the previous literature focused heavily on ESG scores and the results differed. The results show that there is a positive and meaningful relationship between BS and the ratio of WOB in the long run, although not in the short term.
Marginal abatement cost curves (MACCs) for assessing the role of market-based measures (MBMs) in enhancing the adoption of alternative marine fuels
Authors: Lagouvardou Sotiria , Lagemann Benjamin , Psaraftis Harilaos , Lindstad Elizabeth , Erikstad Stein Ove 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Uncertainties on the global availability and affordability of alternative marine fuels are stalling the shipping sector’s decarbonization course. Several candidate measures are proposed at the International Maritime Organization, including market-based measures (MBMs), environmental policies like carbon taxes and emissions trading systems. Their implementation increases the cost of fossil fuel consumption and provides fiscal incentives towards greenhouse gas emissions reductions. MBMs can bridge the price gap between alternative and conventional fuels and generate revenues for funding the up-scaling of alternative fuels' production, storage and distribution facilities and, thus, enhance their availability. By estimating the fuels' implementation and operational costs and carbon abatement potential, this study develops their marginal abatement cost curves and estimates the optimal level of carbon pricing needed to render investments into alternative fuels cost-effective. The results can assist policymakers in establishing the fundamental factors and MBM design principles that can make MBMs a robust and effective decarbonization measure.
Predicting the Allowable Settlement of Reinforced Soil Foundations: A Laboratory Study
Authors: Buragadda Venkatesh , Orekanti Eswara Reddy 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
It is reported in the literature that the load-carrying capacity of the reinforced sand bed increases with increasing the footing settlement. However, the nature of settlement plays a critical role in shallow foundation designs due to the conditional allowable settlement of the footings. In this present study, laboratory model tests have been performed on a model jute geotextile reinforced sand bed under 1g condition. The associated scaling laws are adopted for the geometrical parameters of the model footing and reinforcements as proposed in the literature. On the other hand, a new approach has been developed for the model reinforcements for scaling down of geosynthetic materials under 1g condition to simulate the condition of geosynthetic reinforcement layers as in the field or Ng conditions. The test results revealed that based on the scaling factors the model footing can be allowed to settle according to the criteria of footing settlement and allowable reinforcement tensile strains. Finally, the suitable guidelines have also been developed as per the safety considerations in order to understand the effect of reinforcement layers on the improvement of soil bearing capacity ratio (BCR) up to a certain settlement ratio (s/D) of the footing.