bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acetaminophen Metabolites on Presentation Following an Acute Acetaminophen Overdose (ATOM‐7)
Authors: Chiew Angela L. , Isbister Geoffrey K. , Stathakis Paul , Isoardi Katherine Z. , Page Colin , Ress Kirsty , Chan Betty S.H. , Buckley Nicholas A. 
Published: March 2023

Acetaminophen (APAP) is commonly taken in overdose and can cause acute liver injury via the toxic metabolite NAPQI formed by cytochrome (CYP) P450 pathway. We aimed to evaluate the concentrations of APAP metabolites on presentation following an acute APAP poisoning and whether these predicted the subsequent onset of hepatotoxicity (peak alanine aminotransferase > 1,000 U/L). The Australian Toxicology Monitoring (ATOM) study is a prospective observational study, recruiting via two poison information centers and four toxicology units. Patients following an acute APAP ingestion presenting < 24 hours post‐ingestion were recruited. Initial samples were analyzed for APAP metabolites, those measured were the nontoxic glucuronide (APAP‐Glu) and sulfate (APAP‐Sul) conjugates and NAPQI (toxic metabolite) conjugates APAP‐cysteine (APAP‐Cys) and APAP‐mercapturate (APAP‐Mer). The primary outcome was hepatotoxicity. In this study, 200 patients were included, with a median ingested dose of 20 g, 191 received acetylcysteine at median time of 5.8 hours post‐ingestion. Twenty‐six patients developed hepatotoxicity, one had hepatotoxicity on arrival (excluded from analysis). Those who developed hepatotoxicity had significantly higher total CYP metabolite concentrations: (36.8 μmol/L interquartile range (IQR): 27.8–51.7 vs. 10.8 μmol/L IQR: 6.9–19.5) and these were a greater proportion of total metabolites (5.4%, IQR: 3.8–7.7) vs. 1.7%, IQR: 1.3–2.6, P < 0.001)]. Furthermore, those who developed hepatotoxicity had lower APAP‐Sul concentrations (49.1 μmol/L, IQR: 24.7–72.2 vs. 78.7 μmol/L, IQR: 53.6–116.4) and lower percentage of APAP‐Sul (6.3%, IQR: 4.6–10.9 vs. 13.1%, IQR, 9.1–20.8, P < 0.001)]. This study found that those who developed hepatotoxicity had higher APAP metabolites derived from CYP pathway and lower sulfation metabolite on presentation. APAP metabolites may be utilized in the future to identify patients who could benefit from increased acetylcysteine or newer adjunct or research therapies.
Research on characteristics of decoupled electroaerodynamic thruster with auxiliary electrode
Authors: Zhou Desheng , Liu Qiang , Tang Jingfeng , Zhang Haoran , Zhou Liwei , Wei Liqiu , He Yongfeng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPrevious research has demonstrated that the decoupled method improves the performance of the electroaerodynamic (EAD) thruster and that the overall characteristics of the EAD thruster are influenced by the ionization and acceleration processes. In this study, a decoupled EAD thruster structure is proposed, and the influence of the auxiliary electrode is experimentally explored. The characteristics of electrical discharge imaging and thrust performance are studied in detail to demonstrate the performance of the decoupled EAD thruster. The experimental results demonstrate that the auxiliary electrode significantly influences the characteristics of the ionization and acceleration processes, and the condition of L1 = 5 mm is the best position of the auxiliary electrode for this experiment. There is an optimal auxiliary electrode arrangement that can improve the performance of the EAD thruster.
Crossing the threshold: Invasive grasses inhibit forest restoration on Hawaiian islands
Authors: Rehm Evan M. , D'Antonio Carla , Yelenik Stephanie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractForest removal for livestock grazing is a striking example of human‐caused state change leading to a stable, undesirable invasive grass system that is resistant to restoration efforts. Understanding which factors lead to resilience to the alternative grass state can greatly benefit managers when planning forest restoration. We address how thresholds of grass cover and seed rain might influence forest recovery in a restoration project on Hawaiʻi Island, USA. Since the 1980s, over 400,000 Acacia koa (koa) trees have been planted across degraded pasture, and invasive grasses still dominate the understory with no native woody‐plant recruitment. Between this koa/grass matrix are remnant native Metrosideros polymorpha (ʻōhiʻa) trees beneath which native woody plants naturally recruit. We tested whether there were threshold levels of native woody understory that accelerate recruitment under both tree species by monitoring seed rain at 40 trees (20 koa and ʻōhiʻa) with a range of native woody understory basal area (BA). We found a positive relationship between total seed rain (but not bird‐dispersed seed rain) and native woody BA and a negative relationship between native woody BA and grass cover, with no indication of threshold dynamics. We also experimentally combined grass removal levels with seed rain density (six levels) of two common understory species in plots under koa (n = 9) and remnant ʻōhiʻa (n = 9). Few seedlings emerged when no grass was removed despite adding seeds at densities two to 75 times higher than naturally occurring. However, seedling recruitment increased two to three times once at least 50% of grass was removed. Existing survey data of naturally occurring seedlings also supported a threshold of grass cover below which seedlings were able to establish. Thus, removal of all grasses is not necessary to achieve system responses: Even moderate reductions (~50%) can increase rates of native woody recruitment. The nonlinear thresholds found here highlight how incremental changes to an inhibitory factor lead to limited restoration success until a threshold is crossed. The resources needed to fully eradicate an invasive species may be unwarranted for state change, making understanding where thresholds lie of the utmost importance to prioritize resources.
Predation of endangered Arctic foxes by Golden eagles: What do we know?
Authors: Jackson Craig R. , Rød‐Eriksen Lars , Mattisson Jenny , Flagstad Øystein , Landa Arild , Miller Andrea L. , Eide Nina E. , Ulvund Kristine Roaldsnes 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDedicated conservation efforts spanning the past two decades have saved the Fennoscandian Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) population from local extinction, and extensive resources continue to be invested in the species' conservation and management. Although increasing, populations remain isolated, small and are not yet viable in the longer term. An understanding of causes of mortality are consequently important to optimize ongoing conservation actions. Golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) are a predator of Arctic foxes, yet little information on this interaction is available in the literature. We document and detail six confirmed cases of Golden eagle depredation of Arctic foxes at the Norwegian captive breeding facility (2019–2022), where foxes are housed in large open‐air enclosures in the species' natural habitat. Here, timely detection of missing/dead foxes was challenging, and new insights have been gained following recently improved enclosure monitoring. Golden eagle predation peaked during the winter months, with no cases reported from June to November. This finding contrasts with that which is reported from the field, both for Arctic and other fox species, where eagle depredation peaked at dens with young (summer). While the seasonality of depredation may be ecosystem specific, documented cases from the field may be biased by higher survey efforts associated with the monitoring of reproductive success during the summer. Both white and blue color morphs were housed at the breeding station, yet only white foxes were preyed upon, and mortality was male biased. Mitigation measures and their effectiveness implemented at the facility are presented. Findings are discussed in the broader Arctic fox population ecology and conservation context.
A DNA barcode reference library for CITES listed Malagasy Dalbergia species
Authors: Rakotonirina Tahinarizaka Jenny , Viljoen Erika , Rakotonirina Antso Harimanantsoa , Leong Pock Tsy Jean Michel , Radanielina Tendro 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOn Madagascar, the illegal and unsustainable exploitation and illegal international trade of Dalbergia (rosewood) precious woods remain a serious conservation problem. Members of this genus are at high risk of extinction as a consequence of logging, mining, and slash and burn agriculture. Morphological identification of these Malagasy species is difficult in the absence of flowers and fruits, especially in the case of cut trees, sawn wood, and finished product. In this study, we use molecular barcoding to identify the Dalbergia species with the intent to contribute to the control of their illegal trade. Thirty‐six Dalbergia samples representing 12 Malagasy species of which 11 have high commercial value, were collected to test the efficacy of a region of the plastid genome (rbcL) and a nuclear‐transcribed ITS for barcoding. These widely used markers, as well as DNA barcoding gaps, “best match” and “best close match” approaches, and the neighbor‐joining method were employed. All samples were amplified and sequenced using the two markers. Using a single locus, the “best match” and “best close match” approaches revealed that ITS has high discriminatory power within the tested Malagasy species. The combination of rbcL + ITS revealed 100% species discrimination. This study confirms that ITS alone and in combination with chloroplast barcode rbcL allow non‐ambiguous identification for the 12 species studied. The results contribute to the development of DNA barcoding as a useful tool to identify Malagasy Dalbergia and suggest that the approach developed should be expanded to all 56 potentially exploited species in reference to international CITES requirements and the sustainable management of valuable resources.
Distinct microbial communities across a climatically versatile summit in the Lesotho highlands
Authors: Patel Jasmin , Grab Stefan , De Maayer Pieter 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMost studies investigating the effects of climatological factors on microbial community composition and diversity focus on comparisons of geographically distinct environments (e.g., cold vs hot deserts) or across various temporal scales. Mountain regions provide unique environments to explore relationships between various environmental factors and soil microorganisms given their range of microclimatic conditions and vegetation types. This study investigated micro‐topographically (i.e., north‐/south‐facing slope aspects and flat plateau between them) controlled microbial diversity and community structures across a Lesotho mountain summit. Amplicon sequence analysis revealed that the north‐ and south‐facing slopes were dominated by more Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, while the plateau was dominated by more Acidobacteria. Fungi from the phylum Chytridiomycota more strongly dominated the plateau and the north‐facing slope than the south‐facing slope. Slope aspect, through its direct influence on air and soil micro‐climatology and plant diversity, significantly affects bacterial and fungal community structures at this location. These results provide original insight into soil microbial diversity in the Lesotho highlands and offer an opportunity to project the likely response of soil microorganisms to future climate warming in highly variable mountain environments such as the Lesotho highlands.
Differential genotype response to increased resource abundance helps explain parallel evolution of Daphnia populations in the wild
Authors: Lyberger Kelsey , Schoener Thomas W. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUnder controlled laboratory conditions, previous studies have shown that selection can produce repeatable evolutionary trajectories. Yet, the question remains for many of these studies if, given identical starting populations, evolution in the wild proceeds in a non‐random direction. In the present study, we investigated the extent to which rapid evolution in the wild is parallel by monitoring the genetic composition of replicate populations of Daphnia in field mesocosms containing two clonal genotypes. We found parallel changes across all nine mesocosms, in which the same genotype increased in frequency. To probe whether genotype‐specific response to resource abundance could have led to this frequency change, we conducted a life‐history assay under high‐resource abundance and low‐resource abundance. We found that resource exploitation differed by genotype, in that, while one genotype (the winner in the field mesocosms) was more fit than the other genotype at high resources, the other genotype performed slightly better at low resources. We suspect that levels of resource abundance found in the summer field mesocosms had values in which the genotype better with abundant resources had the advantage. These findings suggest that variation in certain traits associated with resource acquisition can drive genotype frequency change.
Fire‐produced coarse woody debris and its role in sediment storage on hillslopes
Authors: Adams Kailey V. , Dixon Jean L. , Wilcox Andrew C. , McWethy Dave 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInteractions between vegetation and sediment in post‐fire landscapes play a critical role in sediment connectivity. Prior research has focused on the effects of vegetation removal from hillslopes, but little attention has been paid to the effects of coarse woody debris (CWD) added to the forest floor following fires. We investigate the impacts of CWD on hillslope sediment storage in post‐fire environments. First, we present a new conceptual model, identifying “active” storage scenarios where sediment is trapped upslope of fire‐produced debris such as logs, and additional “passive” storage scenarios including the reduced effectiveness of tree‐throw due to burnt roots and snapped stems. Second, we use tilt table experiments to test controls on sediment storage capacity. Physical modeling suggests storage varies nonlinearly with log orientation and hillslope gradient, and the maximum storage capacity of log barriers in systems with high sediment fluxes likely exceeds estimates that assume simple sediment pile geometries. Last, we calculate hillslope sediment storage capacity in a burned catchment in southwest Montana by combining high‐resolution topographic data and digitization of over 5000 downed logs from aerial imagery. We estimate that from 3500–14 000 m3of sediment was potentially stored upslope of logs. These estimates assume that all downed logs store sediment, a process that is likely temporally dynamic as storage capacity evolves with CWD decay. Our results highlight the role that CWD plays in limiting rapid sediment movement in recently burned systems. Using a range of potential soil production rates (50–100 mm/ky), CWD would buffer the downslope transport of ~35–280 years of soil produced across the landscape, indicating that fire‐produced CWD may serve as an important source of sediment disconnectivity in catchments. These results suggest that disturbance events have previously unaccounted‐for mechanisms of increasing hillslope sediment storage that should be incorporated into models of sediment connectivity.
Serum Raman spectroscopy: Prognostic applications in oral cancers
Authors: Saha Panchali , Sawant Sharada , Deshmukh Atul , Hole Arti , Murali Krishna C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundLoco‐regional recurrences attributable to field cancerization and minimal residual cancer, remain prime causes of mortality in oral cancer (OC) subjects. The current study evaluates potential of serum Raman spectroscopy (SRS) to identify recurrence‐prone OC subjects.MethodsRaman spectra of serum from eight healthy subjects (H) and 57 OC subjects (with‐recurrence [R], without‐recurrence [NR], and with suspicious‐lesions [S]), before (BS) and after (AS) surgical excision of tumor were recorded. OC subjects were followed‐up for 7‐years.ResultsDNA and protein alterations were observed in AS sera of all groups. 4‐, 3‐, and 2‐model multivariate analyses were used to stratify BS and AS groups. H spectra were 100% distinguishable from all other groups. AS, R and NR were distinguished with high accuracy (84%) in all models. No stratification (~50%) was observed BS.ConclusionSRS shows potential to identify recurrence prone subjects, post‐surgery, using serum collected as early as 1 week after surgery.
Appraising war's impacts on neurosurgical delivery in Ukraine
Authors: Wireko Andrew Awuah , Adebusoye Favour Tope , Wellington Jack , Bel‐Nono Katerina Namaal , Abdul‐Rahman Toufik , Ovechkin Denys , Mykolayivna Nikitina Iryna , Sikora Vladyslav 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe conflict in Ukraine, which started when Russia invaded and violated its sovereignty, has led to the country's worst war since the annexation of Crimea in 2014. The war has resulted in a significant number of casualties, displaced millions of people, and damaged the healthcare system, which was already struggling before the conflict. The neurosurgical field, in particular, has been severely affected, with infrastructure and healthcare systems routinely demolished or interrupted in conflict zones, making fundamental medical operations unavailable to victims of armed conflict. As a result, neurosurgeons have been compelled to conduct surgeries outside of their areas of competence, in makeshift settings or under challenging conditions, with limited access to materials and equipment. The war has also severely damaged specialised neurosurgery facilities, causing a severe shortage of crucial supplies and equipment. To address the challenges facing neurosurgery care in Ukraine, it is essential to rebuild and repair the damaged neurosurgical centres and provide them with the necessary equipment and supplies to successfully administer neurosurgical treatments. Training programs for neurosurgeons and other medical specialists must also be organised to manage complex neurosurgical problems under difficult conditions.
High Li+ coordinated solvation sheaths enable high‐quality Li metal anode
Authors: Huang Shizhi , Huang Yu‐Peng , Xia Yijie , Ding Jingyi , Peng Chengyuan , Wang Lulu , Luo Junrong , Zhang Xin‐Xiang , Zheng Junrong , Gao Yi Qin , Chen Jitao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAn advance Li‐sphere possessing a definitely regular morphology in Li deposition enables a well‐defined more robust structure and superior solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) to achieve high‐efficiency long‐term cycles in Li metal anode. Here, a new sight of high Li+ cluster‐like solvation sheaths coordinated in a localized high‐concentration (LH‐LiNO3) electrolyte fully clarifies for depositing advanced Li spheres. Moreover, we elucidate a critical amorphous‐crystalline phase transition in the nanostructure evolution of Li‐sphere deposits during the nucleation and growth. Li‐sphere anode exhibits ultra‐stable structural engineering for suppressing Li dendrite growths and rendering ultralong life of 4000 cycles in symmetrical cells at 2 mA cm−2. The as‐constructed Li spheres/3DCM|LiFePO4 (LFP) full cell delivers a high capacity retention of 90.5% at 1 C after 1000 cycles, and a robust dendrite‐free structure also stably exists in Li‐sphere anode. Combined with high‐loading LFP cathodes (6.6 and 10.9 mg cm−2), superb capacity retentions are up to 96.5% and 92.5% after 800 cycles at 1 C, respectively. Cluster‐like solvation sheaths with high Li+ coordination exert significant influence on depositing a high‐quality Li‐sphere anode.image
A Conceptual Approach for Examining Effects of the Adolescent Bone Marrow Milieu on MSC Phenotype
Authors: Kannikeswaran Sanjana , Whitney Daniel G , Devlin Maureen J , Li Ying , Caird Michelle S , Alford Andrea I 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTChildren with bone fragility often exhibit elevated bone marrow lipid levels, which may affect mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation potential and ultimately bone strength via cell‐autonomous and/or non‐cell‐autonomous factors. Here, we use standard co‐culture techniques to study biological effects of bone marrow cell‐derived secretome on MSC. Bone marrow was collected during routine orthopedic surgery, and the entire marrow cell preparation, with or without red blood cell (RBC) reduction, was plated at three different densities. Conditioned medium (secretome) was collected after 1, 3, and 7 days. ST2 cells, a murine MSC line, were then cultured in the secretomes. Exposure to the secretomes was associated with reductions of up to 62% in MSC MTT outcomes that depended on the duration of secretome development, as well as marrow cell plating density. Reduced MTT values were not associated with diminished cell number and viability assessed using Trypan Blue exclusion. Expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 was modestly elevated, and β‐actin levels were transiently reduced in ST2 cells exposed to secretome formulations that had elicited maximal reductions in MTT outcomes. The findings from this study can inform the design of future experimental studies to examine contributions of cell‐autonomous and non‐cell‐autonomous factors in the bone marrow to MSC differentiation potential, bone formation, and skeletal growth. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Association between GPC2 polymorphisms and neuroblastoma risk in Chinese children
Authors: Li Meng , Zhang Xinxin , Liu Jiabin , Zhou Chunlei , Miao Lei , He Jing , Wu Haiyan , Zhang Ruizhong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe cell surface glycoprotein glypican 2 (GPC2) has been shown to increase susceptibility to neuroblastoma, which is the most common malignancy in children. However, associations between single nucleotide polymorphism(s) of GPC2 and neuroblastoma risk remain unclarified.MethodsWe conducted a case–control study to investigate two GPC2 polymorphisms (rs1918353 G>A and rs7799441 C>T) in 473 healthy controls and 402 pediatric patients with neuroblastoma. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping was conducted on the samples by the TaqMan technique, and the data were subsequently analyzed by the t test, chi‐squared test, and logistic regression model. In addition, we further performed stratification analysis by age, sex, tumor site of origin, or clinical stage to control confounding factors.ResultsAccording to the data of dominant models (GA/AA vs. GG: adjusted OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.76–1.29, p = 0.943; CT/TT vs. CC: adjusted OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.70–1.19, p = 0.498) or other comparisons, as well as the conjoint analysis (adjusted OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 0.93–1.59, p = 0.152), we unfortunately proved that the analysis of single or multiple loci did not support any significant association of GPC2 polymorphisms with susceptibility to neuroblastoma.ConclusionGPC2 polymorphisms (rs1918353 G>A and rs7799441 C>T) are unable to statistically affect neuroblastoma risk in Chinese children. Therefore, more samples, especially from patients of various ethnic backgrounds, are required to increase the sample size and verify the effect of GPC2 polymorphisms on neuroblastoma risk in the presence of ethnic factor.