bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Definition, Incidence, and Epidemiology of Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: From the Second Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference
Authors: Yehya Nadir , Smith Lincoln , Thomas Neal J. , Steffen Katherine M. , Zimmerman Jerry , Lee Jan Hau , Erickson Simon J. , Shein Steven L. ,   for the Second Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference (PALICC-2) of the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVES:In 2015, the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference (PALICC) provided the first pediatric-specific definitions for acute respiratory distress syndrome (pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome [PARDS]). These definitions have since been operationalized in cohort and interventional PARDS studies. As substantial data have accrued since 2015, we have an opportunity to assess the construct validity and utility of the initial PALICC definitions. Therefore, the Second PALICC (PALICC-2) brought together multiple PARDS experts and aimed to identify and summarize relevant evidence related to the definition and epidemiology of PARDS and create modifications to the definition of PARDS.DATA SOURCES:MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Elsevier), and CINAHL Complete (EBSCOhost).STUDY SELECTION:We included studies of subjects with PARDS, or at risk for PARDS, excluding studies pertaining primarily to adults except as specified for identifying age-specific cutoffs.DATA EXTRACTION:Title/abstract review, full-text review, and data extraction using a standardized data collection form.DATA SYNTHESIS:The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach was used to identify and summarize evidence and develop recommendations. A total of 97 studies were identified for full-text extraction addressing distinct aspects of the PARDS definition, including age, timing, imaging, oxygenation, modes of respiratory support, and specific coexisting conditions. Data were assessed in a Patient/Intervention/Comparator/Outcome format when possible, and formally summarized for effect size, risk, benefit, feasibility of implementation, and equity. A total of 17 consensus-based definition statements were made that update the definition of PARDS, as well as the related diagnoses of “Possible PARDS” and “At-Risk for PARDS.” These statements are presented alongside a summary of the relevant epidemiology.CONCLUSIONS:We present updated, data-informed consensus statements on the definition for PARDS and the related diagnoses of “Possible PARDS” and “At-Risk for PARDS.”
Noninvasive Respiratory Support for Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: From the Second Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference
Authors: Carroll Christopher L. , Napolitano Natalie , Pons-Òdena Marti , Iyer Narayan Prabhu , Korang Steven Kwasi , Essouri Sandrine ,   on behalf of the Second Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference (PALICC-2) of the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVES:
To develop evidence-based recommendations for the Second Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference (PALICC) regarding the effectiveness of noninvasive respiratory support for pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS). These include consideration of the timing and duration of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC), whether effectiveness varies by disease severity or by characteristics of treatment delivery, and best practices for the use of NIV.

DATA SOURCES:
MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Elsevier), and CINAHL Complete (EBSCOhost).

STUDY SELECTION:
Searches included all studies involving the use of NIV or HFNC in children with PARDS or hypoxemic respiratory failure.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Title/abstract review, full-text review, and data extraction using a standardized data extraction form.

DATA SYNTHESIS:
The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach was used to identify and summarize evidence and develop recommendations. Out of 6,336 studies, we identified 187 for full-text review. Four clinical recommendations were generated, related to indications, timing and duration of NIV in patients with PARDS, predictors of NIV failure and need for intubation (signs and symptoms of worsening disease including pulse oximetry saturation/Fio
2 ratio), and use of NIV in resource-limited settings. Six good practice statements were generated related to how and where to deliver NIV, the importance of trained experienced staff and monitoring, types of NIV interfaces, the use of sedation, and the potential complications of this therapy. One research statement was generated related to indications of HFNC in patients with PARDS.

CONCLUSIONS:
NIV is a widely used modality for the treatment of respiratory failure in children and may be beneficial in a subset of patients with PARDS. However, there needs to be close monitoring for worsening disease and NIV failure.
Diagnostic, Management, and Research Considerations for Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Resource-Limited Settings: From the Second Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference
Authors: Morrow Brenda M. , Agulnik Asya , Brunow de Carvalho Werther , Chisti Mohammod Jobayer , Lee Jan Hau ,   on behalf of the Second Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference (PALICC-2) Group of the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVES:Diagnosis of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) in resource-limited settings (RLS) is challenging and remains poorly described. We conducted a review of the literature to optimize recognition of PARDS in RLS and to provide recommendations/statements for clinical practice and future research in these settings as part of the Second Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference (PALICC-2).DATA SOURCES:MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Elsevier), and CINAHL Complete (EBSCOhost).STUDY SELECTION:We included studies related to precipitating factors for PARDS, mechanical ventilation (MV), pulmonary and nonpulmonary ancillary treatments, and long-term outcomes in children who survive PARDS in RLS.DATA EXTRACTION:Title/abstract review, full-text review, and data extraction using a standardized data collection form.DATA SYNTHESIS:The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach was used to identify and summarize evidence and develop recommendations. Seventy-seven studies were identified for full-text extraction. We were unable to identify any literature on which to base recommendations. We gained consensus on six clinical statements (good practice, definition, and policy) and five research statements. Clinicians should be aware of diseases and comorbidities, uncommon in most high-income settings, that predispose to the development of PARDS in RLS. Because of difficulties in recognizing PARDS and to avoid underdiagnosis, the PALICC-2 possible PARDS definition allows exclusion of imaging criteria when all other criteria are met, including noninvasive metrics of hypoxemia. The availability of MV support, regular MV training and education, as well as accessibility and costs of pulmonary and nonpulmonary ancillary therapies are other concerns related to management of PARDS in RLS. Data on long-term outcomes and feasibility of follow-up in PARDS survivors from RLS are also lacking.CONCLUSIONS:To date, PARDS remains poorly described in RLS. Clinicians working in these settings should be aware of common precipitating factors for PARDS in their patients. Future studies utilizing the PALICC-2 definitions are urgently needed to describe the epidemiology, management, and outcomes of PARDS in RLS.
Comparison of Physical Activity, Exercise Barriers, Physical Performance, and Fall Risks in Frail and Nonfrail Older Adults
Authors: Gözaçan Karabulut Demet , Sertel Meral , Tütün Yümin Eylem , Abit Kocaman Ayşe , Tarsuslu Tülay 
Published: January 2023

Objectives:
The present research aimed to identify the difference between physical activity, physical performance, balance, fall risk, and exercise barriers in frail and nonfrail older adults.

Methods:
One hundred nineteen voluntary individuals older than 65 years and living in Kırıkkale were enrolled in the research. The Clinical Frailty Scale was employed to evaluate the frailty level of the individuals included in the study. In line with the data obtained after the evaluation, individuals were separated into 2 groups as frail and nonfrail individuals. Exercise barriers were evaluated with the Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale (EBBS), physical activity level was evaluated with the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE), lower extremity physical performance was assessed with the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) test, and fall risk was assessed with the Self-Rated Fall Risk Questionnaire (FRQ).

Results:
Ninety-three of the individuals enrolled in the study were found to be nonfrail and 26 to be frail older adults. The mean age of the individuals in the nonfrail group was 70.36 ± 6.10 years, and the mean age of the individuals in the frail group was 76.53 ± 7.37 years. In the statistical analysis, the difference was revealed between the groups in terms of the exercise barriers subscore, EBBS total score, PASE leisure activity score, PASE total score, FRQ total score, and SPPB total result (P < .05). In the correlation analysis, there was a negative correlation between the frailty scale score and SPPB and a positive correlation between the frailty scale score and FRQ in nonfrail older adults (P < .05). However, there was a positive correlation between the frailty scale score and exercise barriers subscore, EBBS and FRQ total scores, and a negative correlation between the PASE leisure activities, work activities and PASE total score, and SPPB score in frail individuals (P < .05).

Conclusions:
Our results demonstrated that the physical activity levels of frail older adults were poorer, they had a higher fall risk, and their activity performance, including the lower extremity, was poorer than that of nonfrail older adults.
Secure Deep Learning on Genomics Data via a Homomorphic Encrypted Residue Activation Network
Authors: Song Chen , Shi Xinghua 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGrowing applications of deep learning on sensitive genomics and biomedical data introduce challenging privacy and secure problems. Homomorphic encryption (HE) is one of appropriate cryptographic techniques to provide secure machine learning evaluation by directly computing over encrypted data, so that allows the data owner and model owner to outsource processing of sensitive data to an untrusted server without leaking any information about the data. However, most current HE schemes only support limited arithmetic operations, which significantly hinder their applications to support secure deep learning algorithm. Considering the potential performance loss introduced for approximating activation function, in this paper, we develop a novel HE friendly deep network, named Residue Activation Network (ResActNet) to implement precise privacy-preserving machine learning algorithm with a non-approximating activation on HE scheme. We considered a residue activation strategy with a scaled power activation function in the deep network. In particular, a scaled power activation (SPA) function is set within the HE scheme, and so that can be directly deployed on HE computation. Moreover, we proposed a residue activation strategy to constrain the latent space in the training process for alleviating the optimization difficulty. We comprehensively evaluate ResActNet using diverse genomics datasets and widely-used image datasets. Our results demonstrate that ResActNet outperforms other alternative solutions to secure machine learning with HE and achieves low approximation errors in classification and regression tasks.
Retinal affectation in Huntington’s disease mouse models concurs with a local innate immune response
Authors: Arroba Ana I. , Gallardo-Orihuela Andrea , Cano-Cano Fátima , Martín-Loro Francisco , González-Montelongo María del Carmen , Hervás-Corpión Irati , de la Villa Pedro , Ramón-Marco Lucía , Gómez-Jaramillo Laura , Valor Luis M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHuntington’s disease (HD) is a devastating disorder caused by aberrant expansion of CAG repeats in theHTTgene. Striatal dysfunction has been widely studied in HD mouse models. However, cumulative evidence indicates that the retina can also be functionally altered with consequences for visual function and circadian rhythms. The retina is the most exposed part of the central nervous system that can be used for monitoring the health status of patients using noninvasive techniques. To establish the retina as an appropriate tissue for HD studies, we linked the retinal alterations with those in the inner brain. We confirmed the malfunction of the R6/1 retinas, which underwent a rearrangement of their transcriptome as extensive as in the striatum, indicating a profound retinal affectation in HD. Tissue-enriched genes were downregulated in both areas, but a neuroinflammation signature was specifically induced in the R6/1 retina due to glial activation that was reminiscent of the situation in HD patient’s brains. These phenomena were confirmed in the zQ175 strain, and were accompanied by a differential impairment of the autophagy system between both tissues. Overall, these results demonstrated the suitability of the mouse retina as a research model for HD.
Vision-Based Collective Motion: A Locust-Inspired Reductionist Model
Authors: Krongauz David L. , Ayali Amir , Kaminka Gal A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNaturally occurring collective motion is a fascinating phenomenon in which swarming individuals aggregate and coordinate their motion. Many theoretical models of swarming assume idealized, perfect perceptual capabilities, and ignore the underlying perception processes, particularly for agents relying on visual perception. Specifically, biological vision in many swarming animals, such as locusts, utilizes monocular non-stereoscopic vision, which prevents perfect acquisition of distances and velocities. Moreover, swarming peers can visually occlude each other, further introducing estimation errors. In this study, we explore necessary conditions for the emergence of ordered collective motion under restricted conditions, using non-stereoscopic, monocular vision. We present a model of vision-based of collective motion for locust-like agents: elongated shape, omni-directional visual sensor parallel to the horizontal plane, and lacking stereoscopic depth perception. The model addresses (i) the non-stereoscopic estimation of distance and velocity, (ii) the presence of occlusions in the visual field. We consider and compare three strategies that an agent may use to interpret partially-occluded visual information at the cost of the computational complexity required for the visual perception processes. Computer-simulated experiments conducted in various geometrical environments (toroidal, corridor, and ring-shaped arenas) demonstrate that the models can result in an ordered or near-ordered state. At the same time, they differ in the rate at which order is achieved. Moreover, the results are sensitive to the elongation of the agents. Experiments in geometrically constrained environments reveal differences between the models and elucidate possible tradeoffs in using them to control swarming agents. These suggest avenues for further study in biology and robotics.Author summarySwarm collective motion is a wide-ranging phenomenon in nature, with applications in multi-agent, multi-robot systems. In most natural swarming species, individuals rely on monocular, non-stereoscopic vision as the key sensory modality for their interactions. For example, the migratory locust (locusta migratoria) displays large swarms of individuals, moving in alignment and relying solely on non-stereoscopic visual perception. Inspired by these locust swarms, we have developed a monocular, non-stereoscopic vision-based model that achieves synchronized motion in a swarm of two-dimensional agents, even with inaccurate estimates of distances and velocities, particularly in the presence of occlusions. We explore three general strategies for handling occlusions, which differ in the requirements they place on the complexity of the visual perception process. We show that strategies may reach a highly ordered motion state but differ in their convergence rate.
Elevation of NAD+ by nicotinamide riboside spares spinal cord tissue from injury and promotes locomotor recovery
Authors: Metcalfe Mariajose , David Brian T. , Langley Brett C. , Hill Caitlin E. 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTSpinal cord injury (SCI)-induced tissue damage spreads to neighboring spared cells in the hours, days and weeks following injury leading to exacerbation of tissue damage and functional deficits. Among the biochemical changes is the rapid reduction of cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), an essential coenzyme for energy metabolism and an essential cofactor for non-redox NAD+-dependent enzymes with critical functions in sensing and repairing damaged tissue. NAD+depletion propagates tissue damage. Augmenting NAD+by exogenous application of NAD+, its synthesizing enzymes or its cellular precursors mitigates tissue damage. Among the NAD+precursors, nicotinamide riboside (NR) appears to be particularly well-suited for clinical translation. It safely and effectively augments cellular NAD+synthesis in a variety of species, including rats and humans, and in a variety of preclinical models, elicits tissue protection. Evidence of NR’s efficacy in the context of SCI repair, however, is currently lacking. These studies tested the hypothesis that administration of NR can effectively enhance NAD+in the injured spinal cord and that augmenting spinal cord NAD+protects spinal cord tissue from injury and leads to improvements in locomotor recovery. The results show that intraperitoneal administration of NR (500 mg/kg), administered four days prior to and two weeks following a mid-thoracic contusion-SCI injury, doubles spinal cord NAD+levels in Long-Evans rats. NR administration preserves spinal cord tissue after injury including neurons and axons, as determined by gray and white matter sparing, and enhances motor function, as assessed by the BBB subscore and missteps on the horizontal ladderwalk. Collectively, the findings demonstrate that administration of the NAD+precursor, NR, to elevate NAD+within the injured spinal cord mitigates the tissue damage and functional decline that occurs following SCI.HIGHLIGHTSNicotinamide Riboside augments spinal cord nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+).Elevating NAD+protects spinal cord tissue from spinal cord injury (SCI).Elevating NAD+enhances motor recovery following SCI.
Conserved cis-acting motifs and localization of transcripts and proteins ofMFT2in barley and rice
Authors: Utsugi Shigeko , Kawahigashi Hiroyuki , Tagiri Akemi , Kikuchi Rie , Mishina Kohei , Morishige Hiromi , Nakamura Shingo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMFTis an important regulator of seed dormancy in flowering plants. A natural mutation in the A-box motif in the promoter of wheat (Triticum aestivum) MFT2on chromosome 3A (TaMFT2-3A) has been used to prevent pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) in wheat cultivars in East Asia. Previous research usingin situhybridization showed thatTaMFT2-3Ais primarily expressed in the seed scutellum. In this study, we analyzed the localization of transcripts and encoded proteins for theTaMFT2homologs from barley (Hordeum vulgare) and rice (Oryza sativa), HvMFT2andOsMFT2, respectively. RNAin situhybridization showed that, like the wheat genes, the rice and barley homologs are primarily expressed in the scutellum, indicating that these threeMFT2genes have a common expression pattern during seed development. Analysis of thecis-acting regulatory elements of their promoter sequences showed that the threeMFT2promoters share eight seed-specificcis-acting RY motifs, which are binding sites for B3-domain transcription factors of the AFL-B3 and VIVIPAROUS1/ABI3-LIKE (VAL) families. In addition, we detected tandemly repeated and partially overlapping A-box motifs in the promoters ofHvMFT2, TaMFT2-3B, andTaMFT2-3D, possibly explaining why the natural allele ofTaMFT2-3Ahas been employed in breeding. We generated transgenic rice plants expressing nuclear-localized green fluorescent protein (NLS-2xGFP) and OsMFT2-GFP under the control of a 3-kb fragment of theOsMFT2promoter. Immunohistochemical staining using anti-GFP antibodies mainly detected GFP in the scutellum and scutellar epithelium, which is an important tissue for initiating germination upon seed hydration. We confirmed these results by confocal microscopy of GFP fluorescence in seeds. Our results suggest thatMFT2expression in rice, barley, and wheat might be regulated by a similar network of transcription factors through multi-RY motifs in theMFT2promoters, with possible roles in scutellar epithelium development.
Oligodendrocyte dynamics dictate individual performance outcomes of working memory training in mice
Authors: Shimizu Takahiro , Nayar Stuart G , Swire Matthew , Jiang Yi , Grist Matthew , Kaller Malte , Baptista Cassandra Sampaio , Bannerman David M , Johansen-Berg Heidi , Ogasawara Katsutoshi , Tohyama Koujiro , Li Huiliang , Richardson William D 
Published: January 2023

SummaryMotor skill learning stimulates and requires generation of myelinating oligodendrocytes (OLs) from their precursors (OLPs). We asked whether OL production is also required for non-motor learning and cognition, using T-maze and radial arm maze tasks that tax spatial working memory. Maze training stimulated OL production in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), anterior corpus callosum (genu), dorsal thalamus and hippocampal formation; myelin sheath formation was also stimulated in the genu. Genetic blockade of OL differentiation and neo-myelination inMyrfconditional-knockout mice strongly impaired training-induced improvements in maze performance. Remarkably, there was a strong positive correlation between working memory performance of individual mice and the scale of OLP proliferation and OL generation during training, but not with the number or intensity of c-Fos+neurons in the mPFC, underscoring the key role of OL lineage cells in cognitive performance.