bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Norms in Conflict
Authors: Rüland Anchalee 
Published: January 2023

The people of Myanmar were struck by three major human rights disasters during the country's period of democratization from 2003 to 2012: the 2007 Saffron Revolution, the aftermath of Cyclone Nargis in 2008, and the 2012 Rakhine riots, which would evolve into the ongoing Rohingya crisis. These events saw Myanmar's government categorically labeled as an offender of human rights, and three powerful Southeast Asian member states—Indonesia, Thailand, and Malaysia—responded to the violations in very different ways. In each case, their responses to the crises were explicitly shaped by norm conflict, which may be understood as a tension between international and domestic norms. Their reactions were compelled by a need to address conflicting domestic and international expectations for norm compliance regarding human rights protection and non-interference in internal affairs. In Norms in Conflict: Southeast Asia's Response to Human Rights Violations in Myanmar, Anchalee Rüland makes sense of state action that occurs when a governing body is faced with a circumstance that is at once in line with and contrary to its own governing policies. She defines five different types of response strategies to situations of norm conflict and examines the enabling factors that lead to each strategy. Domestic norms are known to evolve as a country's values change over time yet Rüland argues that the old and new norms may also coexist; knowledge of the underlying political context is crucial for those seeking a solid understanding of state behavior. Norms in Conflict challenges the conventional understanding of the logic of consequences in determining state behavior, advancing constructivist theory and establishing a provocative new conversation in i	nternational relations discourse.
Our Wounded Warriors
Authors: Martin Travis L. 
Published: January 2023

Chapter Three examines a "wounded warrior" stereotype that treats post-9/11 veterans as members of a victim class. Eva Illouz's commentary on America's "therapeutic culture" is used to explore how veterans gain cultural capital through embracing narratives of veteran identity centered on trauma. Likewise, Judith Butler's work is used to explain how veterans lose their rights to self-definition by conforming to those narratives. "Wounded warriors" remain silent because their wounds often do not fit neatly into popular conceptions of veteran woundedness. The chapter traces the evolution of the "wounded warrior" stereotype, first in a close reading of Stephen Crane's The Red Badge of Courage (1895), then in examples of denigration experienced by veterans of the First World War who were afflicted with shell shock, and later in a narrative structure that makes trauma central to the identity of the protagonist in Kevin Powers' Iraq War novel, The Yellow Birds (2012). Veterans have the power to challenge deficit-based narratives, but like their "hero" counterparts, "wounded warriors" face ongoing pressure to remain silent and conform to stereotypes. This chapter argues that traumas experienced in uniform are not always central to veteran identity, and veteran testimony is not always psychologically damaging.
Molecular Characterization, Optimization and Production of PHA by Indigenous Bacteria Using Alternative Nutrient Sources as Substrate
Authors: Dienye B. N. , Agwa O. K. , Abu G. O. 
Published: January 2023

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are renewable, biodegradable biopolymer intracellularly accumulated by wide array of microorganisms as carbon reserve. This study investigates the influence of various cultural conditions on PHA production by a recently isolated local species under submerged fermentation. Six PHA producing strains were identified by 16S rDNA gene sequencing and strain Priestia flexa OWO1 showed satisfactory PHA productivity. The effects of production parameters were investigated and extraction of PHA was carried out using sodium hypochlorite method and maximum amount was detected after 72h. Maximum PHA production was obtained at incubation period of 48h, pH of 7.0 and temperature of 30oC. Amongst the hydrolysate of agro waste used, brewers spent grain (BSG) gave maximum yield of 3.01g/L while beans bran powder gave the highest PHA yields of 3.9 g/L amongst the organic nitrogen sources tested. Analysis of the crude PHA by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) showed the presence of methyl, methylene as well as carbonyl functional groups. PHA production was higher after optimizing the production conditions as compared to basal medium therefore the utilization of these cheap renewable resources as alternative substrates for production of PHA make the process cost effective and sustainable.
Redox Biology in Adipose Tissue Physiology and Obesity
Authors: Yu Jian , Qiu Jin , Zhang Zhe , Cui Xiangdi , Guo Wenxiu , Sheng Maozheng , Gao Mingyuan , Wang Dongmei , Xu Lingyan , Ma Xinran 
Published: January 2023

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS), a by‐product of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and cellular metabolism, is vital for cellular survival, proliferation, damage, and senescence. In recent years, studies have shown that ROS levels and redox status in adipose tissue are strongly associated with obesity and metabolic diseases. Although it was previously considered that excessive production of ROS and impairment of antioxidant capability leads to oxidative stress and potentially contributes to increased adiposity, it has become increasingly evident that an adequate amount of ROS is vital for adipocyte differentiation and thermogenesis. In this review, by providing a systematic overview of the recent understanding of the key factors of redox systems, endogenous mechanisms for redox homeostasis, advanced techniques for dynamic redox monitoring, as well as exogenous stimuli for redox production in adipose tissues and obesity, the importance of redox biology in metabolic health is emphasized.
Sound‐Speed Modifying Acoustic Metasurfaces for Acoustic Holography
Authors: Xu Mingxin , Harley William S. , Ma Zhichao , Lee Peter V. S. , Collins David J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAcoustic metasurfaces offer unique capabilities to steer and direct acoustic fields, though these are generally composed of complex 3D structures, complicating their fabrication and applicability to higher frequencies. Here, an ultrathin metasurface approach is demonstrated, wherein planarized micropillars in a discretized phase array are utilized. This subwavelength metasurface is easily produced via a single‐step etching process and is suitable for megahertz‐scale applications. The flexibility of this approach is further demonstrated in the production of complex acoustic patterns via acoustic holography. This metasurface approach, with models used to predict their behavior, has broad potential in applications where robust, high‐frequency acoustic manipulation is required, including microfluidics, cell/tissue engineering, and medical ultrasound.
3D Mosaic Carbon Nanofiber Sensors for Room‐Temperature Detection of Methane and Other Dissolved Gases in Transformer Oil
Authors: Xu Chengcheng , Yang Jingjing , Wang Yang , Zheng Xing , Long Yin , Du Hongfei , Li Xian , Bai Chunjiang , Du Xiaosong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHydrocarbons and carbon oxides are typical dissolved gases in transformer oil that reflect the latent pitfalls, on‐line monitoring of their concentrations can effectively evaluate the operating status of the power transformer. However, these low‐concentration targets (especially for CH4) show high chemical inertness at room temperature, challenging the sensitive performance of current commonly used chemiresistive gas sensors. Herein, a strategy by combining traditional inorganic semiconductors to carbon nanofiber (CNF) via electrospinning–annealing route is described. Three optimized 3D mosaic films, CNFs scaffold incorporated with WO3, SnO2and MoS2nanoparticles, are obtained. Due to the large specific surface area of the 3D network, and the synergic and heterojunction effects between nanoparticles and CNFs, all three sensors exhibit high response to CH4at room temperature, and also record distinguishable signals toward H2, C2H4, CO and CO2, revealing the three sensors are cross‐sensitive to the five analytes. Accordingly, preliminary discrimination of five dissolved gases is realized by principle component analysis. This study provides an effective and extendable solution of preparing room‐temperature chemiresistive sensors for the detection of CH4and other gases, and offers a strategy for the construction of sensor array to achieve a high discrimination capability.
Designable Electrical/Thermal Coordinated Dual‐Regulation Based on Liquid Metal Shape Memory Polymer Foam for Smart Switch
Authors: Zhao Ruoxi , Kang Sibo , Wu Chao , Cheng Zhongjun , Xie Zhimin , Liu Yuyan , Zhang Dongjie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractElectronic components with tunable resistance, especially with synergistic regulation of thermal conductivity, play important roles in the fields of electronics, smart switch, soft robots, and so on. However, it is still a challenge to get the material with various resistance and thermal conductivity stably without lasting external force. Herein, a liquid metal shape memory polymer foam (LM‐SMF) is developed by loading electrically and thermally conductive liquid metal (LM) on deformable foam skeleton. Based on thermal response shape memory effect, the foam skeleton can be reversibly pressed, the process of which enables LM to transfer between connected and disconnected states. As a result, obtained LM‐SMF shows that the resistance stably changes from 0.8 Ω (conductor) to 200 MΩ (insulator), and the thermal conductivity difference is up to 4.71 times (0.108 to 0.509 W m−1 K−1), which indicates that LM‐SMF can achieve the electrical and thermal dual‐regulation. Moreover, LM‐SMF can be used as a designable self‐feedback/‐warning integrated smart switch or tunable infrared stealth switch. This work proposes a novel strategy to get the material with electrical–thermal coordinated dual‐regulation, which is possibly applied in intelligent heating system with real‐time monitoring function, electrothermal sensor in the future.
Tailored Dispersion of Spectro‐Temporal Dynamics in Hot‐Carrier Plasmonics
Authors: Kim Andrew S. , Taghinejad Mohammad , Goswami Anjan , Raju Lakshmi , Lee Kyu‐Tae , Cai Wenshan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUltrafast optical switching in plasmonic platforms relies on the third‐order Kerr nonlinearity, which is tightly linked to the dynamics of hot carriers in nanostructured metals. Although extensively utilized, a fundamental understanding on the dependence of the switching dynamics upon optical resonances has often been overlooked. Here, all‐optical control of resonance bands in a hybrid photonic‐plasmonic crystal is employed as an empowering technique for probing the resonance‐dependent switching dynamics upon hot carrier formation. Differential optical transmission measurements reveal an enhanced switching performance near the anti‐crossing point arising from strong coupling between local and nonlocal resonance modes. Furthermore, entangled with hot‐carrier dynamics, the nonlinear correspondence between optical resonances and refractive index change results in tailorable dispersion of recovery speeds which can notably deviate from the characteristic lifetime of hot carriers. The comprehensive understanding provides new protocols for optically characterizing hot‐carrier dynamics and optimizing resonance‐based all‐optical switches for operations across the visible spectrum.
Heterogeneous Integration of Atomically‐Thin Indium Tungsten Oxide Transistors for Low‐Power 3D Monolithic Complementary Inverter
Authors: Li Zhen‐Hao , Chiang Tsung‐Che , Kuo Po‐Yi , Tu Chun‐Hao , Kuo Yue , Liu Po‐Tsun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this work, the authors demonstrate a novel vertically‐stacked thin film transistor (TFT) architecture for heterogeneously complementary inverter applications, composed of p‐channel polycrystalline silicon (poly‐Si) and n‐channel amorphous indium tungsten oxide (a‐IWO), with a low footprint than planar structure. The a‐IWO TFT with channel thickness of approximately 3‐4 atomic layers exhibits high mobility of 24 cm2V−1s−1, near ideally subthreshold swing of 63 mV dec−1, low leakage current below 10−13A, high on/off current ratio of larger than 109, extremely small hysteresis of 0 mV, low contact resistance of 0.44 kΩ‐µm, and high stability after encapsulating a passivation layer. The electrical characteristics of n‐channel a‐IWO TFT are well‐matched with p‐channel poly‐Si TFT for superior complementary metal–oxide‐semiconductor technology applications. The inverter can exhibit a high voltage gain of 152 V V−1at low supply voltage of 1.5 V. The noise margin can be up to 80% of supply voltage and perform the symmetrical window. The pico‐watt static power consumption inverter is achieved by the wide energy bandgap of a‐IWO channel and atomically‐thin channel. The vertically‐stacked complementary field‐effect transistors (CFET) with high energy‐efficiency can increase the circuit density in a chip to conform the development of next‐generation semiconductor technology.
Sustained Intratumoral Administration of Agonist CD40 Antibody Overcomes Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Liu Hsuan‐Chen , Davila Gonzalez Daniel , Viswanath Dixita Ishani , Vander Pol Robin Shae , Saunders Shani Zakiya , Di Trani Nicola , Xu Yitian , Zheng Junjun , Chen Shu‐Hsia , Chua Corrine Ying Xuan , Grattoni Alessandro 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAgonist CD40 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) is a promising immunotherapeutic agent for cold‐to‐hot tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) conversion. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive and lethal cancer known as an immune desert, and therefore urgently needs more effective treatment. Conventional systemic treatment fails to effectively penetrate the characteristic dense tumor stroma. Here, it is shown that sustained low‐dose intratumoral delivery of CD40 mAb via the nanofluidic drug‐eluting seed (NDES) can modulate the TIME to reduce tumor burden in murine models. NDES achieves tumor reduction at a fourfold lower dosage than systemic treatment while avoiding treatment‐related adverse events. Further, abscopal responses are shown where intratumoral treatment yields growth inhibition in distant untreated tumors. Overall, the NDES is presented as a viable approach to penetrate the PDAC immune barrier in a minimally invasive and effective manner, for the overarching goal of transforming treatment.
Quantum Solid Phase and Coulomb Drag in 2D Electron–Electron Bilayers of MoS2
Authors: Huang Meizhen , Wu Zefei , Wang Ning , Chui Siu‐Tat 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCoulomb drag experiments can give information about the interaction state of double‐layer systems. Here, anomalous Coulomb drag behaviors are demonstrated in a 2D electron–electron bilayer system constructed by stacking atomically thin MoS2 on opposite sides of thin dielectric layers of boron nitride. In the low‐temperature regime, the measured drag resistance does not follow the behavior predicted by the Coulomb drag models of exchanging momenta and energies with the particles in Fermi‐liquid bilayer systems. Instead, it shows an upturn to higher and higher values. Quantum solid/fluid phases and the Kosterlitz–Thouless/Wigner 2D quantum melting transition are investigated in this bilayer system and this interesting phenomenon is described based on thermally activated carriers of quantum defects from the formation of the correlation‐induced electron solid phases, with enhanced stabilization by the potential due to the boron nitride dielectric layers.
The role of historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) in cultivating the next generation of social justice and public service‐oriented moral leaders during the racial reckoning and COVID‐19 pandemics
Authors: Franklin Robert , Younge Sinead , Jensen Kipton 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the United States, college has often served as an incubator for social change agents in the form of student activism and participation in broader social movements. Historically Black colleges and university (HBCUs) have played a pivotal role in social justice movements since their inception with the most notable example being the central role of HBCUs in the Civil Rights Movement. The role of HBCUs in cultivating exemplary leaders provides invaluable examples and frameworks for tackling the dual pandemics of COVID‐19 and the latest racial reckoning. The purpose of this paper is to provide a case study of how an all‐male HBCU contributes to the development of moral leadership and how that tradition has evolved with the current dual pandemics. We provide a historical overview of Morehouse's leadership models and provide a case study from students currently enrolled at Morehouse College, the only all‐male, historically Black college in the United States. Student participants described how leadership has evolved from previous generations, the impact of social media, and what it means to be a moral leader and how the HBCU tradition, shapes leadership.
The role of Hazarewal populations in the peopling of South Asia: A dental morphology investigation
Authors: Akbar Nazia , Ullah Inam , Ahmad Habib , Ali Ihsan , Hemphill Brian E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study seeks to accomplish three objectives: assess the biological impact of historically documented Pathan‐speaking populations on present‐day Hazarewal ethnic groups, determine consilience in patterns of relationships identified by molecular genetics and dental morphology analyses, and determine which of the current models for the peopling of the Indian subcontinent is best supported by dental morphology analysis.Materials and MethodsDental morphology traits were scored with the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System among living members of 18 ethnic group samples from South Asia in northern Pakistan and 13 prehistoric samples from south‐central Asia and South Asia. Affinities were summarized with raw percentages and Smith's MMD. Affinities based on the former were accomplished with correspondence analysis and principal components analysis. Affinities based on the latter were undertaken with neighbor‐joining cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling.ResultsBiodistances based on 17 tooth‐trait combinations suggest the human biological history in South Asia is dominated by long‐standing continuity, but this continuity is not absolute. There is no evidence for influx of Central Asians or Pathan influences on Hazarewal ethnic groups. Instead, gene flow likely occurred, albeit from other sources, near the beginning of the Holocene and at the beginning of the Iron Age.DiscussionConsilience in results obtained with molecular genetics and dental morphology analyses is good. Both indicate long‐standing population continuity over time and clinal variation emanating from Hazarewal to the south and east. However, dental morphology suggests an early Holocene influx of exogenous genes, perhaps from southern Iran, while ruling out a steppe‐based influx during the mid‐2nd millennium BC.
Correspondence on “Crystalline Porous Organic Salt for Ultrarapid Adsorption/Desorption‐Based Atmospheric Water Harvesting by Dual Hydrogen Bond System”
Authors: Muang‐Non Phonlakrit , Richardson Christopher , White Nicholas G. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn a recent Research Article, Ben and co‐workers reported a hydrogen‐bonded framework prepared from a 4+tetra‐amidinium component and a 4−tetra‐sulfonate component, termed CPOS‐6. They showed that CPOS‐6 could reversibly adsorb and desorb water over a narrow humidity window, and that this material offered potential for applications in atmospheric water harvesting. This conclusion was supported by experiments that showed the material was stable over 50 adsorption/desorption cycles and that the kinetics of these cycles were very rapid. In this Correspondence we present additional structural data regarding this framework in both its hydrated and dehydrated states and thus discern the mechanism of water binding. These data do not disagree with Ben and co‐workers’ findings: rather they emphasise how remarkable the cyclability and rapid kinetics of adsorption/desorption are, as these processes involve a complete crystal‐to‐crystal rearrangement of the framework.
Chemical Synthesis of Bioactive Proteins
Authors: Harel Omer , Jbara Muhammad 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNature has developed a plethora of protein machinery to operate and maintain nearly every task of cellular life. These processes are tightly regulated via post‐expression modifications—transformations that modulate intracellular protein synthesis, folding, and activation. Methods to prepare homogeneously and precisely modified proteins are essential to probe their function and design new bioactive modalities. Synthetic chemistry has contributed remarkably to protein science by allowing the preparation of novel biomacromolecules that are often challenging or impractical to prepare via common biological means. The ability to chemically build and precisely modify proteins has enabled the production of new molecules with novel physicochemical properties and programmed activity for biomedical research, diagnostic, and therapeutic applications. This minireview summarizes recent developments in chemical protein synthesis to produce bioactive proteins, with emphasis on novel analogs with promising in vitro and in vivo activity.
Enantio‐ and Regioselective Electrooxidative Cobalt‐Catalyzed C−H/N−H Annulation with Alkenes
Authors: Yao Qi‐Jun , Huang Fan‐Rui , Chen Jia‐Hao , Zhong Ming‐Yu , Shi Bing‐feng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the merging of electrosynthesis with 3d metal catalyzed C−H activation has emerged as a sustainable and powerful technique in organic synthesis. Despite the impressive advantages, the development of an enantioselective version remains elusive and poses a daunting challenge. Herein, we report the first electrooxidative cobalt‐catalyzed enantio‐ and regioselective C−H/N−H annulation with olefins using an undivided cell at room temperature (up to 99 % ee). tBu‐Salox, a rationally designed Salox ligand bearing a bulky tert‐butyl group at the ortho‐position of phenol, was found to be crucial for this asymmetric annulation reaction. A strong cooperative effect between tBu‐Salox and 3,4,5‐trichloropyridine enabled the highly enantio‐ and regioselective C−H annulation with the more challenging α‐olefins without secondary bond interactions (up to 96 % ee and 97 : 3 rr). Cyclovoltametric studies, and the preparation, characterization, and transformation of cobaltacycle intermediates shed light on the mechanism of this reaction.
In Situ Reprogramming of Tumor‐Associated Macrophages with Internally and Externally Engineered Exosomes
Authors: Zhang Lingmin , Lin Yinshan , Li Songpei , Guan Xiaoling , Jiang Xingyu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe reprogramming of tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) has emerged as an efficient strategy for immunotherapy. However, most of the approaches did not allow the in situ reprogramming of TAM because their low efficiency, non‐specificity, or potential side effects. Herein, we produced exosomes with the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats interference (CRISPRi) internally engineered and the TAM specific peptide externally engineered onto the exosome membrane. The internally and externally engineered exosomes (IEEE, also named as I3E) allowed the selective homing to tumor tissue and targeted to M2‐like TAMs, which nearly repressed the expression of PI‐3 kinase gamma (PI3Kγ) completely, and induced the TAMs polarizing to M1 both in vitro and in vivo. The polarized M1 macrophages awakened the “hot” tumor‐immunity, causing the increase of T lymphocyte infiltration and the decrease of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells, and inhibiting the tumor growth significantly. I3E reprogramed TAMs in situ precisely and efficiently.