bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gone too soon: Studying mortality in eating disorders
Authors: Micali Nadia , Herle Moritz 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEating disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, and other specified feeding and eating disorder) are not only common mental health disorders but they also affect an individual's physical, psychological, and social well‐being, with high impact and burden. Importantly, previous research has found that eating disorders have high mortality, higher than many other psychiatric disorders. Here, we discuss findings from Castellini and colleagues in the context of previous studies.
Combination of hyperthermia and intravesical chemotherapy for the treatment of pT1 stage bladder cancer: A retrospectively clinical study
Authors: Wang Shuo , Yu Ziyi , Du Peng , Cao Yudong , Yang Xiao , Ma Jinchao , Tang Xiaohu , Zhang Qi , Yang Yong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the efficiency and safety of combined local bladder hyperthermia and intravesical chemotherapy (IVC) for the treatment of patients with pT1 stage bladder cancer.MethodA total of 189 patients with pT1 who underwent transurethral resection of bladder cancer (TURBT) were retrospectively reviewed. After TURBT, the patients with low‐grade urothelial carcinoma (UC) were treated with either an IVC with pirarubicin (THP) protocol or chemo‐thermotherapy (CHT) with THP protocol, whereas patients with high‐grade UC were treated with either an intravesical immunotherapy (IVI) with bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) protocol or CHT protocol, patients’ characteristics, tumor biological features, and follow‐up data were analyzed and compared between CHT and IVC group in low‐grade UC, CHT, and IVI group in high‐grade UC, respectively.ResultsThe median follow‐up time was 24 months. In patients with low‐grade UC, the median recurrence free survival (RFS) interval and costs of treatment in CHT group were significantly higher than those in IVC group (p = .01, p < .001, respectively), CHT was associated with higher RFS compared with IVC by Kaplan–Meier analysis, and three patients in IVC group upgraded to high grade when tumor recurred, whereas no cases were found upgraded in CHT group, p = .38. In patients with high‐grade UC, tumor recurrence rates at 12 (p = .004) and 24 months (p = .004) after TURBT, rate of complications (p = .04)—especially for hematuresis (p = .03) and irritation symptoms (p = .04)—the median costs of treatment (p < .001) in CHT group were significantly lower than those in IVI group, RFS interval, health‐related quality of life) at 12 and 24 months after TURBT in CHT group was significantly higher than those in IVI group (p < .001, p = .002, and p < .001, respectively), and CHT was associated with higher RFS compared with IVI by Kaplan–Meier analysis. The rate of patients upstaged to pT2 in CHT group seemed lower than that in IVI group, but there was no significantly statistical difference (14.3% vs. 24%, p = .58).ConclusionCHT has a beneficial prophylactic effect in patients with pT1 bladder cancer, especially in patients with high‐grade UC, which is much more effective and safer than BCG, meanwhile it costs less compared with BCG.
Colonoscopic findings in patients with pelvic floor dysfunction
Authors: Kwan Bianca , Gillespie Chris , Warwick Andrea 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundyColonoscopy is often performed in the initial workup of pelvic floor dysfunction, even in the absence of red flag symptoms. Current guidelines suggest colonoscopy is only required in the presence of rectal bleeding, diarrhoea or change in bowel habit. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of significant pathology found at colonoscopy in patients with pelvic floor dysfunction.MethodsRetrospective chart review was performed on all patients presenting to a functional colorectal outpatient clinic between May 2018 and August 2019. Information was collected on presenting symptoms, whether colonoscopy had been performed within 5 years, quality of bowel preparation, withdrawal time, number of polyps detected, histology, presence of diverticular disease, colorectal malignancy, inflammatory bowel disease, solitary rectal ulcer or rectal prolapse.ResultsThere were 260 patients seen within the study period, of which 67% had undergone recent colonoscopy within the last 5 years. The mean age was 53 and 219 (84%) patients were female. Average withdrawal time was 13 min. Polyps were found in 48.7% and adenomas in 32.4% of all colonoscopies. The adenoma detection rate was 32.7%. None of the colonoscopies found evidence of malignancy. A new diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease was discovered in two patients.ConclusionThere was low rates of serious pathology such as malignancy or inflammatory bowel disease in patients referred to a functional clinic. However, colonoscopy is still useful in workup of pelvic floor dysfunction, as many patients have erratic bowel habits or vague symptoms, and will have adenomas found.
The neurobiology of hatred: Tools of Dialogue© intervention for youth reared amidst intractable conflict impacts brain, behaviour, and peacebuilding attitudes
Authors: Feldman Ruth 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMyths, drama, and sacred texts have warned against the fragile nature of human love; the closer the affiliative bond, the quicker it can turn into hatred, suggesting similarities in the neurobiological underpinnings of love and hatred. Here, I offer a theoretical account on the neurobiology of hatred based on our model on the biology of human attachments and its three foundations; the oxytocin system, the “affiliative brain”, comprising the neural network sustaining attachment, and biobehavioural synchrony, the process by which humans create a coupled biology through coordinated action. These systems mature in mammals in the context of the mother–infant bond and then transfer to support life within social groups. During this transition, they partition to support affiliation and solidarity to one's group and fear and hatred towards out‐group based on minor variations in social behaviour. I present the Tools of Dialogue© intervention for outgroup members based on social synchrony. Applied to Israeli and Palestinian youth and implementing RCT, we measured social behaviour, attitudes, hormones, and social brain response before and after the 8‐session intervention. Youth receiving the intervention increased reciprocity and reduced hostile behaviour towards outgroup, attenuated the neural marker of prejudice and increased neural empathic response, reduced cortisol and elevated oxytocin, and adapted attitudes of compromise. These neural changes predicted peacebuilding support 7 years later, when young adults can engage in civil responsibilities. Our intervention, the first to show long‐term effects of inter‐group intervention on brain and behaviour, demonstrates how social synchrony can tilt the neurobiology of hatred towards the pole of affiliation.
The evolution of catchment‐depositional system relationships on the dip slopes of intra‐rift basement highs: An example from the Frøya High, Mid‐Norwegian rifted margin
Authors: Henstra Gijs A. , Cullen Timothy M. , Gawthorpe Robert L. , Munoz‐Barrera Jhon M. , Muravchik Martin , Rotevatn Atle 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBasement highs form one of many potential sediment source areas during the evolution of continental rifts and rifted margins and add to the topographic complexity typical of active rifts. Footwall basement highs acting as a source area to sedimentary systems in the hangingwall of major faults have been documented in many systems worldwide. However, the back‐tilted footwall dip slopes of such highs have received comparatively little attention. Here, we investigate a subsurface case study from the Norwegian continental shelf, where catchments and shallow marine syn‐rift sedimentary systems on a dip slope are preserved due to early transgression of an intra‐rift high. At the onset of Late Jurassic rifting, the Frøya High emerged as a prominent, N‐S trending, 25 km‐wide basement high tilted towards the east in response to several kilometres of displacement along the Klakk Fault Complex, a major normal fault zone at the Frøya High's western edge. Using well‐calibrated 3D seismic reflection data, we observe a series of conspicuous Upper Jurassic wedges along the eastern edge of the Frøya High along the margin of the Froan Basin. Internally, these wedges show sigmoidal geometries marking top and foresets of clinoform packages with a maximum thickness of ca. 200 m with foresets between 30 and 200 m high, dipping ca. 10° towards the east, southeast and northeast. We interpret these wedges to represent a series of eastward prograding deltas positioned along a constructional shoreline, connected to E‐W trending valleys and river catchments up‐dip. The deltas show strong progradation, interpreted to reflect the impact of the continued uplift of their catchments prior to the abrupt termination of sediment supply from drainage capture by footwall scarp drainages. The presence of a connected, largely constructional shoreline has implications for Late Jurassic sediment distribution around the Frøya High, providing primary sedimentary input for longshore‐driven sedimentary systems in the Draugen Ridge to the north. Comparisons with other syn‐rift dip slope systems highlight a broadly similar evolution but shows a distinct lack of the protracted backstepping observed in other dip slope systems. We postulate that different structural configurations of dip slope systems, being footwall uplift or hangingwall subsidence driven, may drive the strongly progradational character of the deltaic systems on the Frøya High. The Frøya High example highlights the need to constrain primary sediment input points to aid the interpretation of volumetrically significant, but short‐lived and subtle depositional systems, especially within complex, tectonically active settings.
The evolving landscape of biologic therapies for atopic dermatitis: Present and future perspective
Authors: David Eden , Ungar Benjamin , Renert‐Yuval Yael , Facheris Paola , del Duca Ester , Guttman‐Yassky Emma 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common, chronic inflammatory skin diseases with a significant physical, emotional and socioeconomic burden. In recent years the understanding of AD pathogenesis has expanded from the Th2‐centred perspective, with the recognition of the involvement of other immune axes. In different AD endotypes, influenced by environment, genetics and race, transcriptomic profiles have identified differing contributions of multiple immune axes such as, Th17, Th22 and Th1. The enriched pathogenic model of AD has catalysed the development of numerous biologic therapies targeting a range of key molecules implicated in disease progression. Currently, dupilumab and tralokinumab, which both target the Th2 pathway, are the only approved biologic therapies for AD in the United States and Europe. New biologic therapies in development, however, target different Th2‐pathway molecules along with cytokines in other immune axes, including Th17 and Th22, offering promise for varied treatments for this heterogeneous disease. As the biologic pipeline advances, the integration into clinical practice and approval of these experimental biologics may provide more effective, tailored therapeutic solutions and illuminate on the pathologic processes of AD across a broader, more diverse patient population.
The association between disability, school achievement expectations, self‐efficacy and psychosomatic problems among Swedish adolescents attending compulsory regular school
Authors: Lönnfjord Victoria , Bergh Daniel , Sundh Mona , Hagquist Curt 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe purpose was to investigate the association between disability, and psychosomatic problems among adolescents at compulsory regular school also taking into account parental and student achievement expectations and student self‐efficacy. We analysed cross‐sectional questionnaire data collected in 2010, from 2004 Swedish adolescents. The results showed that the degree of psychosomatic problems and self‐efficacy varied with regard to whether the adolescent reported having a disability or not. The distribution of parents' and adolescents' own achievement expectations did not differ significantly with regard to having a disability. Neither achievement expectations nor self‐efficacy did moderate the association between disability and psychosomatic problems.
A Quantum Geometric Framework for Modeling Color Similarity Judgments
Authors: Epping Gunnar P. , Fisher Elizabeth L. , Zeleznikow‐Johnston Ariel M. , Pothos Emmanuel M. , Tsuchiya Naotsugu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSince Tversky argued that similarity judgments violate the three metric axioms, asymmetrical similarity judgments have been particularly challenging for standard, geometric models of similarity, such as multidimensional scaling. According to Tversky, asymmetrical similarity judgments are driven by differences in salience or extent of knowledge. However, the notion of salience has been difficult to operationalize, especially for perceptual stimuli for which there are no apparent differences in extent of knowledge. To investigate similarity judgments between perceptual stimuli, across three experiments, we collected data where individuals would rate the similarity of a pair of temporally separated color patches. We identified several violations of symmetry in the empirical results, which the conventional multidimensional scaling model cannot readily capture. Pothos et al. proposed a quantum geometric model of similarity to account for Tversky's findings. In the present work, we extended this model to a more general framework that can be fit to similarity judgments. We fitted several variants of quantum and multidimensional scaling models to the behavioral data and concluded in favor of the quantum approach. Without further modifications of the model, the best‐fit quantum model additionally predicted violations of the triangle inequality that we observed in the same data. Overall, by offering a different form of geometric representation, the quantum geometric framework of similarity provides a viable alternative to multidimensional scaling for modeling similarity judgments, while still allowing a convenient, spatial illustration of similarity.
The impact of diabetes on cancer detection during the prevalence round of a national screening program for colorectal cancer
Authors: Graversen Susanne Boel , Nannsen Anne Østergaard , Bjerg Lasse , Larsen Mette Bach , Andersen Berit , Laurberg Tinne 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimsDiabetes is associated with a higher risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and inferior survival after CRC. Screening may enable the early detection of CRC. We aimed to assess the impact of diabetes on cancer detection and disease stage during the prevalence round of a national CRC screening program.MethodsWe performed a register‐based cohort study based on the randomized procedure for inviting Danish residents aged 50–74 years to the prevalence round of national CRC screening program in 2014–2017. By comparing the random half of the population who had been invited by 1 May 2016 with the not yet invited half, the effect of screening was assessed by the detection of CRC and disease stage among individuals with and without diabetes. Further, the impact of diabetes on the screening participation rate was calculated.ResultsBy randomisation, 504,673 individuals had been invited to the CRC screening by 1 May 2016, and 549,359 individuals had not yet been invited. The diabetes prevalence was 10% in both groups. When comparing those not yet invited to those invited, the effect of screening on the number of detected cancers per 100,000 individuals was higher in those with diabetes (from 207 to 494 cancers) than in those without diabetes (from 147 to 364 cancers), and screening resulted in overall higher proportions of stage I cancer. Among those invited to screening, the participation rate was 9.1% lower (95% CI: 8.7%–9.5%) in individuals with versus without diabetes.ConclusionsDespite a lower participation rate, the effect of CRC screening was higher in individuals with diabetes.
Examining the effects of early patient care and biomedical science integration on predoctoral dental student competence and confidence
Authors: Novak Rachel Tomco , Blinsky Bethany D. , Soffe Burke W. , Dana Clark A. , Bailey Elizabeth G. , Tilley Edgar J. , Judd Gary S. , Hinkle Ashley K. , Licari Frank W. , Winden Duane R. , Ferguson Aaron , Jensen Jamie L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionOur study investigates early experiential learning as a method of curricular integration by allowing students to begin their clinical experience in the first year of the programme, as well as distributing biomedical classes throughout the predoctoral dental school curriculum.Materials and MethodsThis study utilises a quasi‐experimental design with two different groups, Standard Curriculum Group and Integrated Curriculum Group, n = 87. Data were collected from 2017 to 2021.ResultsWe found that, on average, it took 608 h less for the participants in an integrated curriculum group to reach clinical competence in comparison to peers who did not experience the same methods of integration in their programme. These data were collected through daily faculty evaluations of students' progression as well as participants' own self‐assessment. Our results indicate that participants in the Integrated Curriculum Group also experienced a positive effect on their confidence in their ability to apply the biomedical sciences to patient care.Discussion/ConclusionOur findings demonstrate that predoctoral dental programmes may be able to bring about positive outcomes for students' clinical confidence and competence by providing patient care opportunities early in the programme and sequencing the biomedical sciences throughout the curriculum. As such, it appears that early experiential learning may be a viable option for curricular integration that can have a positive effect on both students' confidence in their clinical abilities and their progression to clinical competence.
LP2, a stable lanthipeptide derived from cAng‐(1‐7), exerts myeloprotective action in mice
Authors: Namsolleck P. , Rodgers K. E. , Franklin R. , Moll G. N. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesLinear unstable angiotensins stimulate hematopoiesis. Here we address: (1) Is cyclic angiotensin‐(1‐7) myeloprotective in mice? (2) Is cyclic angiotensin‐(1‐7) stable in rat? (3) Does LP2, a cyclic angiotensin‐(1‐7) with an N‐terminal d‐lysine, exert myeloprotective action in tumor‐bearing mice?Materials and MethodsCyclic angiotensin‐(1‐7)'s capacity to restore levels of blood platelets and white blood cells was studied in gemcitabine‐treated mice. The stability of cyclic angiotensin‐(1‐7) in rat was measured in blood samples taken after injection or infusion. The capacity of LP2 to restore total bone marrow cell levels in mice after treatment with 5‐fluoruracil was measured. In addition, the capacity of LP2 to counter anemia in tumor‐bearing mice treated with erlotinib was measured.ResultsCyclic angiotensin‐(1‐7) dose‐dependently restored blood platelet levels in gemcitabine‐treated mice, whereas its capacity to restore levels of white blood cells was less. In vivo aminoterminal breakdown of cyclic angiotensin‐(1‐7) yielded cyclic angiotensin‐(2‐7) and cyclic angiotensin‐(3‐7). LP2 significantly (p < .0001 at 100 μg/kg/day) restored bone marrow cell counts in mice after treatment with 5‐fluoruracil. LP2 also significantly (p < .05) countered anemia in tumor‐bearing mice treated with erlotinib.ConclusionsLP2 exerts myeloprotective action with perspectives for continuation of its clinical development.
Loss of parkin causes endoplasmic reticulum calcium dyshomeostasis by upregulation of reticulocalbin 1
Authors: Rybarski Max , Mrohs David , Osenberg Katharina , Hemmersbach Maren , Pfeffel Katharina , Steinkamp Joy , Schmidt David , Violou Karina , Schäning Ruth , Schmidtke Katja , Bader Verian , Andriske Michael , Bohne Pauline , Mark Melanie D. , Winklhofer Konstanze F. , Lübbert Hermann , Zhu Xin‐Ran 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests that astrocytes play an important role in the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous studies on our parkin knockout mouse demonstrated a higher accumulation of damaged mitochondria in astrocytes than in surrounding dopaminergic (DA) neurons, suggesting that Parkin plays a crucial role regarding their interaction during PD pathogenesis. In the current study, we examined primary mesencephalic astrocytes and neurons in a direct co‐culture system and discovered that the parkin deletion causes an impaired differentiation of mesencephalic neurons. This effect required the parkin mutation in astrocytes as well as in neurons. In Valinomycin‐treated parkin‐deficient astrocytes, ubiquitination of Mitofusin 2 was abolished, whereas there was no significant degradation of the outer mitochondrial membrane protein Tom70. This result may explain the accumulation of damaged mitochondria in parkin‐deficient astrocytes. We examined differential gene expression in the substantia nigra region of our parkin‐KO mouse by RNA sequencing and identified an upregulation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+‐binding protein reticulocalbin 1 (RCN1) expression, which was validated using qPCR. Immunostaining of the SN brain region revealed RCN1 expression mainly in astrocytes. Our subcellular fractionation of brain extract has shown that RCN1 is located in the ER and in mitochondria‐associated membranes (MAM). Moreover, a loss of Parkin function reduced ATP‐stimulated calcium‐release in ER mesencephalic astrocytes that could be attenuated by siRNA‐mediated RCN1 knockdown. Our results indicate that RCN1 plays an important role in ER‐associated calcium dyshomeostasis caused by the loss of Parkin function in mesencephalic astrocytes, thereby highlighting the relevance of astrocyte function in PD pathomechanisms.
Multivariate decoding methods reveal how speaking two dialects affects executive functions
Authors: Wu Yan Jing , Dang Qinpu , Zhang Zhaoqi , Zhang Haoyun , Guo Taomei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHow speaking two languages affects executive functions has been a long‐standing debate and the mechanisms underlying the observed cognitive advantages of bilingualism remain unspecified. Here, using multivariate pattern classification methods, we decoded spatial patterns of neural signals associated with Flanker task performance in mono‐dialectal and bi‐dialectal speakers of Chinese. While univariate approach to even‐related potentials (ERPs) showed no between‐group difference, decoding accuracy of ERPs was reduced in bi‐dialectal as compared to mono‐dialectal speakers in both congruent‐neutral and incongruent‐neutral classifications. There was no effect of bidialectalism, however, on decoding accuracy of alpha‐band oscillations, an electrophysiological index implicated in inhibition. Behavioural data analysed using the Drift Diffusion Model (DDM) showed facilitating effects of bidialectalism on non‐decision times but no effect on drift rates. These findings demonstrate that using two dialects on a daily basis enhances general attentional deployment rather than affecting specific component of executive functions such as inhibitory control. Given that the two dialects of Chinese differed almost exclusively in phonology, the bidialectalism effect was most likely motivated by resolving phonological competition at lexical processing level.