bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multicentre sleep‐stage scoring agreement in the Sleep Revolution project
Authors: Nikkonen Sami , Somaskandhan Pranavan , Korkalainen Henri , Kainulainen Samu , Terrill Philip I. , Gretarsdottir Heidur , Sigurdardottir Sigridur , Olafsdottir Kristin Anna , Islind Anna Sigridur , Óskarsdóttir María , Arnardóttir Erna Sif , Leppänen Timo 
Published: June 2023

SummaryDetermining sleep stages accurately is an important part of the diagnostic process for numerous sleep disorders. However, as the sleep stage scoring is done manually following visual scoring rules there can be considerable variation in the sleep staging between different scorers. Thus, this study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the inter‐rater agreement in sleep staging. A total of 50 polysomnography recordings were manually scored by 10 independent scorers from seven different sleep centres. We used the 10 scorings to calculate a majority score by taking the sleep stage that was the most scored stage for each epoch. The overall agreement for sleep staging was κ = 0.71 and the mean agreement with the majority score was 0.86. The scorers were in perfect agreement in 48% of all scored epochs. The agreement was highest in rapid eye movement sleep (κ = 0.86) and lowest in N1 sleep (κ = 0.41). The agreement with the majority scoring varied between the scorers from 81% to 91%, with large variations between the scorers in sleep stage‐specific agreements. Scorers from the same sleep centres had the highest pairwise agreements at κ = 0.79, κ = 0.85, and κ = 0.78, while the lowest pairwise agreement between the scorers was κ = 0.58. We also found a moderate negative correlation between sleep staging agreement and the apnea–hypopnea index, as well as the rate of sleep stage transitions. In conclusion, although the overall agreement was high, several areas of low agreement were also found, mainly between non‐rapid eye movement stages.
Mortality and morbidity related to hepatitis C virus infection in hospitalized adults—A propensity score matched analysis
Authors: Hovaguimian Frédérique , Beeler Patrick E. , Müllhaupt Beat , Günthard Huldrych F. , Maeschli Bettina , Bruggmann Philip , Fehr Jan S. , Kouyos Roger D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe World Health Organization (WHO) aims to reduce HCV mortality, but estimates are difficult to obtain. We aimed to identify electronic health records of individuals with HCV infection, and assess mortality and morbidity. We applied electronic phenotyping strategies on routinely collected data from patients hospitalized at a tertiary referral hospital in Switzerland between 2009 and 2017. Individuals with HCV infection were identified using International Classification of Disease (ICD)‐10 codes, prescribed medications and laboratory results (antibody, PCR, antigen or genotype test). Controls were selected using propensity score methods (matching by age, sex, intravenous drug use, alcohol abuse and HIV co‐infection). Main outcomes were in‐hospital mortality and attributable mortality (in HCV cases and study population). The non‐matched dataset included records from 165,972 individuals (287,255 hospital stays). Electronic phenotyping identified 2285 stays with evidence of HCV infection (1677 individuals). Propensity score matching yielded 6855 stays (2285 with HCV, 4570 controls). In‐hospital mortality was higher in HCV cases (RR 2.10, 95%CI 1.64 to 2.70). Among those infected, 52.5% of the deaths were attributable to HCV (95%CI 38.9 to 63.1). When cases were matched, the fraction of deaths attributable to HCV was 26.9% (HCV prevalence: 33%), whilst in the non‐matched dataset, it was 0.92% (HCV prevalence: 0.8%). In this study, HCV infection was strongly associated with increased mortality. Our methodology may be used to monitor the efforts towards meeting the WHO elimination targets and underline the importance of electronic cohorts as a basis for national longitudinal surveillance.
Impact of prior HBV, HAV, and HEV infection on non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Vassilopoulos Stephanos , Kalligeros Markos , Vassilopoulos Athanasios , Shehadeh Fadi , Benitez Gregorio , Kaczynski Matthew , Lazaridou Ingrid , Promrat Kittichai , Wands Jack R. , Mylonakis Eleftherios 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease. The association between prior hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection and NAFLD remains unclear. We utilized the 2017–2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and performed multivariable logistic regression analyses to examine the association of prior HBV, HAV and HEV infection with NAFLD, as well as high risk non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and liver fibrosis. Our analysis included 2565 participants with available anti‐HBc serology results, 1480 unvaccinated participants with anti‐HAV results, and 2561 participants with anti‐HEV results. Among participants with NAFLD, the age‐adjusted prevalence of prior HBV, HAV and HEV infection was 3.48%, 32.08% and 7.45%, respectively. Prior infection with HBV, HAV and HEV was not associated with NAFLD (cut‐off 285 dB/m) [aOR: 0.99 (95% CI, 0.77–1.29), 1.29 (95% CI, 0.95–1.75), and 0.94 (95% CI, 0.70–1.27), respectively] or high‐risk NASH [aOR 0.72 (95% CI, 0.45–1.17), 0.92 (95% CI, 0.55–1.52), and 0.89 (95% CI, 0.41–1.94), respectively]. Participants with anti‐HBc and anti‐HAV seropositivity were more likely to have significant fibrosis [aOR: 1.53 (95% CI, 1.05–2.23) and 1.69 (95% CI, 1.16–2.47), respectively]. The odds of significant fibrosis are 53%, and 69% greater for participants with prior history of HBV and HAV infection. Healthcare providers should prioritize vaccination efforts and employ a tailored approach to NAFLD in patients with prior viral hepatitis and especially HBV or HAV infection to limit disease‐related outcomes.
Use of midazolam and butorphanol to sedate harbor seal pups (Phoca vitulina) undergoing rehabilitation
Authors: Anderson Chelsea E. , Tang Karisa , Pace Courtney , Rosen David A. S. , Haulena Martin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBetween 2012 and 2022, the Vancouver Aquarium Marine Mammal Rescue Centre sedated 110 harbor seal pups for physical examinations, diagnostic procedures, or treatment. A sedation protocol of butorphanol and midazolam (0.1–0.2 mg/kg each) was administered via a single i.v. injection in 171 procedures. Of these, 21 pups were anesthetized only with the injectables, while supplemental isoflurane inhalation anesthesia by mask was provided during 58 procedures; 92 other animals required intubation for respiratory support due to apnea or to achieve a deeper plane of anesthesia to facilitate more invasive procedures. Of the 171 sedations, five were euthanized due to poor prognosis and six failed to recover. Maximum sedation, sufficient for intended procedure or anesthesia induction, was achieved within a mean of 8.5 ± 5.8 min for i.v. injection (n = 133). Sedation duration (drug administration to full recovery) without supplemental inhalation anesthesia had a mean of 30.2 min and ranged from 14 to 52 min (n = 13). When used in stabilized young harbor seals, administration of injectable butorphanol and midazolam proved to be an effective protocol to obtain safe and reliable sedation for physical examination, minimally invasive diagnostic procedures, or as a premedication for general anesthesia.
Revisiting the pathogenesis of dermatophytosis: A cross‐sectional analytic study of serum levels of interleukins‐2, 8, 10 and 17
Authors: Dev Prabin P. , Bansal Shikha , Bhargava Aradhana 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundGiven the current epidemic‐like scenario of dermatophyte infections, it is prudent to revisit the immunopathogenesis of dermatophytosis. Comprehending the intricate interactions among interleukins can aid in understanding the recent trends in infection. There is a paucity of literature on the various cytokine levels observed in the serum of patients suffering from various dermatophytoses.AimTo study serum cytokine levels of interleukins 2, 8, 10 and 17 in patients with dermatophytosis.MethodsA cross‐sectional analytic study was conducted on 64 cases of clinical dermatophyte infections (KOH confirmed) and 64 controls. The clinico‐epidemiological profile of the cases was studied. By using a solid phase sandwich ELISA (enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay), the serum levels of interleukins 2, 8, 10 and 17 were measured and compared between cases and controls. Serum interleukin‐2, 8, 10 and 17 levels were studied among cases based on mode of onset, duration of illness, treatment history, site of infection and multiple other morphological characteristics of the infection.ResultsThe cases had statistically higher levels of interleukins‐8, 10 and 17 in comparison with controls. The levels of interleukin‐8 were significantly lower (p < .05) among those who had received oral antifungals. In cases where the lesion had scaling, the serum levels of interleukin‐10 were significantly higher (p < .05). The lesional hyperpigmentation was significantly (p < .05) associated with low levels of interleukin‐17. Also, interleukin‐17 was significantly (p < .05) elevated in patients with lesions in the abdomen.ConclusionIt is the first time that serum interleukin levels are studied in dermatophytosis. There is an immunological dysfunction specific to dermatophytoses initiated by their infection. Key factor in this dysfunction is the elevation of IL‐10, contributing to persistent infection. In turn, causing an increase in IL‐17, promoting inflammation and tissue damage. This cycle of elevated IL‐10 and IL‐17 can further exacerbate the infection and lead to chronicity. The activity of IL‐2 and the Th1 immune pathway is reduced by two opposing immune pathways: the Th17 and Th2 axes.
A systematic review of economic evidence for community‐based obesity prevention interventions in children
Authors: Sultana Marufa , Nichols Melanie , Moodie Marj , Allender Steven , Brown Vicki 
Published: June 2023

SummaryMulticomponent community‐based obesity prevention interventions that engage multiple sectors have shown promise in preventing obesity in childhood; however, economic evaluations of such interventions are limited. This systematic review explores the methods used and summarizes current evidence of costs and cost‐effectiveness of complex obesity prevention interventions. A systematic search was conducted using 12 academic databases and grey literature from 2006 to April 2022. Studies were included if they reported methods of costing and/or economic evaluation of multicomponent, multisectoral, and community‐wide obesity prevention interventions. Results were reported narratively based on the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards. Seventeen studies were included, reporting costing or economic evaluation of 13 different interventions. Five interventions reported full economic evaluations, five interventions reported economic evaluation protocols, two interventions reported cost analysis, and one intervention reported a costing protocol. Five studies conducted cost‐utility analysis, three of which were cost‐effective. One study reported a cost‐saving return‐on‐investment ratio. The economic evidence for complex obesity prevention interventions is limited and therefore inconclusive. Challenges include accurate tracking of costs for interventions with multiple actors, and the limited incorporation of broader benefits into economic evaluation. Further methodological development is needed to find appropriate pragmatic methods to evaluate complex obesity prevention interventions.
Efficacy and safety of Proglide use and early discharge after atrial fibrillation ablation compared to standard approach. PROFA trial
Authors: Castro‐Urda Víctor , Segura‐Dominguez Melodi , Jiménez‐Sánchez Diego , Aguilera‐Agudo Cristina , García‐Izquierdo Eusebio , De la Rosa Rojas Yuleisi , Pham‐Trung Chinh , Hernández‐Terciado Fernando , Lorente‐Ros Alvaro , Matutano‐Muñoz Andrea , García‐Rodriguez Daniel , Toquero‐Ramos Jorge , Fernández‐Lozano Ignacio 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe common practice after atrial fibrillation ablation is to admit patients for an overnight stay. The aim of this study was to compare a strategy of vascular suture mediated closure system utilization and early discharge (strategy A) compared to traditional closure and overnight hospitalization (strategy B) regarding feasibility, safety, quality of life and health care cost effectiveness.Methods and ResultsHundred patients were randomized to compare both strategies. No clinical differences were reported except diabetes mellitus. Six patients (6%) had and emergency visit or were admitted in the first 30 days after procedure. Three occurred in strategy A versus three in strategy B (p = 1) (p < .005 for non‐inferiority). Forty out of 50 patients (80%) were safely discharged in a time frame of 3 h and 42 patients (84%) were discharged in the same day of the procedure in strategy A. Time to discharge was shorter in strategy A compared to strategy B. (5.89 ± 7.47 h vs. 27.09 ± 2.29 p < .005). No differences were obtained in quality‐of‐life outcomes. Mean (95% CI) euros cost saving per patient in strategy A was 379.16 ± 93.55 p < .001. Ten acute complications (10% patients CI 95% 4.02%–15.98%) were reported during the trial. Seven (14% CI 95% 4.04%–23.96%) occurred in strategy A patients versus 3 (6% CI 95% 0.8%–12.8%) in strategy B. (p = .182)ConclusionA strategy of vascular suture mediated closure system utilization and early discharge was feasible, reduced time to discharge, saved costs and was not associated with more complications or admissions/emergency visits in a 30‐day time frame after procedure compared to a strategy of regular admission and discharge after overnight stay. There were no differences regarding quality‐of‐life parameters between both strategies.
THE MORALITY OF BELIEF I: HOW BELIEFS WRONG
Authors: Basu Rima 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIt is no surprise that we should be careful when it comes to what we believe. Believing false things can be costly. The morality of belief, also known as doxastic wronging, takes things a step further by suggesting that certain beliefs can not only be costly, they can also wrong. This article surveys some accounts of how this could be so. That is, how beliefs wrong.
Morality of Belief II: Three Challenges and An Extension
Authors: Basu Rima 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper I explore three challenges to the morality of belief. First, whether we have the necessary control over our beliefs to be held responsible for them, i.e., the challenge of doxastic involuntarism. Second, the question of whether belief is really the attitude that we care about in the cases used to motivate the morality of belief. Third, whether attitudes weaker than belief, such as credence, can wrong, I then end by turning to how answers to the previous challenges suggest a way of extending the morality of belief to encompass a way of thinking of the moral mind more generally.
Associations between combinations of 24‐h movement behaviors and physical fitness among Chinese adolescents: Sex and age disparities
Authors: Cai Shan , Zhong Panliang , Dang Jiajia , Liu Yunfei , Shi Di , Chen Ziyue , Zhang Yihang , Hu Peijin , Ma Jun , Dong Yanhui , Song Yi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the relationship between 24‐h movement behaviors and adolescents' physical fitness, with sex difference and age disparity explored specifically.MethodsA total of 135 852 Chinese adolescents aged 13–22 years were included in this cross‐sectional study. Self‐reported 24‐h movement behavioral times, including moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), recreational screen, and sleep, were identified as meeting guidelines based on Canadian recommendations. Physical fitness indicator (PFI) was calculated through sex‐ and age‐specific z scores of body mass index, forced vital capacity, 50 m dash, sit‐and‐reach, standing long jump, body muscle strength, and endurance running, and then classified as: low level (<20th), middle level (20th–80th), and high level (>80th). Mixed effect logistic regression was applied to analyze the association, and interaction terms were constructed to prove the sex and age disparities.ResultsOnly 12.4% of adolescents aged 13–22 years met all three recommendations. The number of meeting guidelines exhibited a typical dose–response relationship with high level PFI (OR = 1.22 [95% CI: 1.19–1.25]), and in detail, meeting MVPA + recreational screen (OR = 2.29 [95% CI: 2.09–2.51]) or MVPA‐only (OR = 2.16 [95% CI: 1.93–2.41]) guidelines were better associated with high‐level PFI. Besides, meeting MVPA‐only guideline was proved with stronger association with high‐level PFI for boys (p‐interaction = 0.005). The dose–response relationship in boys of the number of guidelines met with PFI was stronger in 19‐ to 22‐year‐olds (p‐interaction <0.001) and 16‐ to 18‐year‐olds (p‐interaction = 0.001) than that in 13‐ to 15‐year‐olds.ConclusionThe prevalence of meeting 24‐h movement behaviors guidelines among Chinese adolescents aged 13–22 years was relatively low. It was associated with adolescents' physical fitness, with meeting MVPA + recreational screen or MVPA‐only guidelines bringing greater benefits, and sex difference and age disparity existing.
Hsa_circ_0005085 may suppress cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma growth and metastasis through targeting the miR‐186‐5p/LAMC1 axis
Authors: Wang Lipeng , Liu Yuxin , Gao Qiong , Hu Rongying 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is a severe malignancy derived from the skin. Mounting evidence suggests that circular RNAs (circRNAs) participate in diverse biological functions in human cancers, containing CSCC. However, the biological functions and underlying mechanism of hsa_circ_0005085 in CSCC have not been clearly studied.MethodsExpression levels of hsa_circ_0005085, microRNA‐186‐5p (miR‐186‐5p), and Laminin subunit gamma 1 (LAMC1) were detected by reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cell counting kit‐8 assay, colony formation assay, and 5‐Ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine assay were used to assess cell proliferation. Transwell assay was conducted to detect cell migration and invasion. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. Protein expression of LAMC1, E‐cadherin, Snail, and slug were assessed using western blot assay. Using bioinformatics software, the binding between miR‐186‐5p and hsa_circ_0005085 or LAMC1 was predicted, followed by verification using a dual‐luciferase reporter and RNA‐Immunoprecipitation. The mouse xenograft model was established to investigate the role of hsa_circ_0005085 in vivo.ResultsHsa_circ_0005085 level was downregulated in CSCC tissues and cells. Overexpression of hsa_circ_0005085 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), and promoted cell apoptosis in CSCC. MiR‐186‐5p could restore the effect of hsa_circ_0005085 overexpression on CSCC cells, and the knockdown of LAMC1 reversed the regulation of the miR‐186‐5p inhibitor. In mechanism, hsa_circ_0005085 served as a sponge for miR‐186‐5p to regulate LAMC1 expression. Overexpression of hsa_circ_0005085 reduced growth of tumor via miR‐186‐5p/LAMC1 axis in vivo.ConclusionIn our study, hsa_circ_0005085 might inhibit CSCC development by targeting the miR‐186‐5p/LAMC1 axis, which might provide a promising therapeutic target for CSCC.
Spectral properties of substitutions on compact alphabets
Authors: Mañibo Neil , Rust Dan , Walton James J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe consider substitutions on compact alphabets and provide sufficient conditions for the diffraction to be pure point, absolutely continuous and singular continuous. This allows one to construct examples for which the Koopman operator on the associated function space has specific spectral components. For abelian bijective substitutions, we provide a dichotomy result regarding the spectral type of the diffraction. We also provide the first example of a substitution that has countably infinite Lebesgue spectral components and countably infinite singular continuous components. Lastly, we give a non‐constant length substitution on a countably infinite alphabet that gives rise to substitutive Delone sets of infinite type. This extends the spectral theory of substitutions on finite alphabets and Delone sets of finite type with inflation symmetry.
The Symptoms Experienced by Naturally Menstruating Women and Oral Contraceptive Pill Users and Their Perceived Effects on Exercise Performance and Recovery Time Posttraining
Authors: McNulty Kelly L. , Ansdell Paul , Goodall Stuart , Thomas Kevin , Elliott-Sale Kirsty J. , Howatson Glyn , Hicks Kirsty M. 
Published: June 2023

This study examined the type, frequency, and severity of symptoms experienced by naturally menstruating women and combined, monophasic, oral contraceptive pill users and their perceived effects on exercise performance and recovery time posttraining. Forty-two recreationally active women; 21 naturally menstruating and 21 combined, monophasic, oral contraceptive pill users participated in the study. Data were collected using two approaches: (a) an online 54-part retrospective survey and (b) a daily questionnaire. “Total number of symptoms,” “symptom index score,” “average symptom severity,” and “symptom index × severity score” were calculated from the retrospective data set. Real-time symptom data (i.e., “symptom frequency per phase” and “phase symptom frequency × severity score”) were calculated across predefined cycle phases from the daily questionnaire. The retrospective survey showed that symptoms were commonly reported by recreationally active women, but there were no differences in symptomology between the groups (p > .113). The daily questionnaire showed both groups experienced a greater frequency and severity of symptoms while bleeding (p ≤ .001), which was associated with perceived reductions in exercise performance (odds ratio = 1.04–1.07) and a perceived longer recovery time posttraining (odds ratio = 1.03–1.04). The results from this study show that cycle-related symptoms were commonly reported by a group of recreationally active women, with no difference in symptomology between naturally menstruating women and combined, monophasic, oral contraceptive pill users. The magnitude of symptoms was greater while bleeding, which was associated with a perceived reduction in exercise performance and a longer recovery time posttraining.