bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A web‐based calculator combining Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI) predicts postoperative complications among young elderly patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Miao Xueyi , Ding Lingyu , Hu Jieman , Zhu Hanfei , Zhao Kang , Lu Jinling , Jiang Xiaoman , Xu Qin , Zhu Shuqin 
Published: February 2023

AimNutritional status and frailty are significant indicators reflecting physiological reserve. We sought to establish and validate a web‐based calculator containing the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and the Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI) together with general clinical information to predict total complications among elderly patients with gastric cancer.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study of 582 elderly patients with gastric cancer in a tertiary hospital in China. Nutritional status and frailty were assessed by the GNRI and the TFI, respectively. The nomogram was built and further converted into a web‐based calculator. The receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to evaluate the discrimination of the nomogram. Calibration was assessed using the calibration curve and Hosmer‐Lemeshow test via the bootstrap resampling procedure. The decision curve analyses (DCAs) were employed to quantify the net benefits of a certain threshold probability for assessing the clinical values.ResultsThe GNRI (odds ratio [OR], 0.921; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.895–0.949; P < 0.001), the TFI (OR, 1.243; 95% CI, 1.113–1.386; P < 0.001), surgical approach (OR, 1.913; 95% CI, 1.073–3.408; P = 0.028) and comorbidity (OR = 1.599, 95%CI = 1.028–2.486, P = 0.037) were independently associated with total complications. The nomogram demonstrated good discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: training cohort, 0.735; validation cohort, 0.777) and calibration (P = 0.135). The DCA curves of the nomogram also showed good positive net benefits.ConclusionsThe web‐based calculator incorporating the GNRI, the TFI, surgical approach, and comorbidity could successfully predict total complications among elderly patients with gastric cancer with good accuracy in a convenient manner. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 205–212.
Enhancer trap lines with GFP driven by smad6b and frizzled1 regulatory sequences for the study of epithelial morphogenesis in the developing zebrafish inner ear
Authors: Baldera Davide , Baxendale Sarah , van Hateren Nicholas J. , Marzo Mar , Glendenning Emily , Geng Fan‐Suo , Yokoya Kazutomo , Knight Robert D. , Whitfield Tanya T. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLive imaging in the zebrafish embryo using tissue‐specific expression of fluorescent proteins can yield important insights into the mechanisms that drive sensory organ morphogenesis and cell differentiation. Morphogenesis of the semicircular canal ducts of the vertebrate inner ear requires a complex rearrangement of epithelial cells, including outgrowth, adhesion, fusion and perforation of epithelial projections to generate pillars of tissue that form the hubs of each canal. We report the insertion sites and expression patterns of two enhancer trap lines in the developing zebrafish embryo, each of which highlight different aspects of epithelial cell morphogenesis in the inner ear. A membrane‐linked EGFP driven by smad6b regulatory sequences is expressed throughout the otic epithelium, most strongly on the lateral side of the ear and in the sensory cristae. A second enhancer trap line, with cytoplasmic EGFP driven by frizzled1 (fzd1) regulatory sequences, specifically marks cells of the ventral projection and pillar in the developing ear, and marginal cells in the sensory cristae, together with variable expression in the retina and epiphysis, and neurons elsewhere in the developing central nervous system. We have used a combination of methods to identify the insertion sites of these two transgenes, which were generated through random insertion, and show that Targeted Locus Amplification is a rapid and reliable method for the identification of insertion sites of randomly inserted transgenes.
Fronto‐striatal damage may contribute to resistance to fatigue‐lowering medications in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Palotai Miklos , Pintye Diana , Glanz Bonnie , Chitnis Tanuja , Guttmann Charles R.G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeCommonly used fatigue‐lowering medications have not been proven effective in treating multiple sclerosis (MS)‐related fatigue. A neuroanatomical basis for treatment‐resistant fatigue in MS has not been explored. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between brain diffusion abnormality patterns and resistance to fatigue‐lowering treatment.MethodsRetrospective patient stratification: 1. treatment‐resistant (n = 22) received anti‐fatigue and/or anti‐depressant and/or anxiolytic medication and the latest two Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) score≥38; 2. responder (n = 16): received anti‐fatigue and/or antidepressant and/or anxiolytic medication while the latest MFIS was <38, and minimum one previous MFIS was ≥38; 3. non‐treated never‐fatigued (n = 26): received none of the above‐mentioned medications and MFIS was always<38 (over minimum four years assessed with MFIS every 1–2 years). 3T brain MRI was used to perform a cross‐sectional voxel‐wise comparison of fractional anisotropy (FA) between the groups.ResultsTreatment‐resistant versus responder patients showed more extensive brain damage (ie, lower FA) favoring the fronto‐striatal pathways. Both groups showed more widespread brain damage than non‐treated never‐fatigued patients. A mean fronto‐striatal FA value of 0.26 could perfectly predict response to modafinil/armodafinil.ConclusionFronto‐striatal damage may play a role in the development of resistance to fatigue‐lowering treatment. Fronto‐striatal FA may serve as a biomarker to predict response to fatigue‐lowering medications in MS.
Purpose maintained: Adverse childhood experiences and meaning in life
Authors: Rose Hope , Womick Jake , King Laura A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveThree studies examined the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and meaning in life, focusing on the facets of meaning—coherence, significance, and purpose.MethodIn Study 1 (N = 1804), college students rated adverse childhood experiences, global meaning in life, and its facets. In Study 2 (N = 822), noncollege adults rated childhood trauma, meaning in life facets, attachment style, mood, and neuroticism. In Study 3 (N = 380) college students wrote about a positive and negative childhood memory, rating the facets of meaning immediately after each writing task.ResultsIn Studies 1–2, at the level of zero‐order correlations, adverse childhood experiences related negatively to coherence, significance, and purpose. Controlling for the other facets, adverse childhood experiences remained negatively related to coherence and significance but were unrelated to purpose. Negative relationships between adverse childhood experiences and coherence and significance maintained controlling for covariates (Study 2). In Study 3, the predicted 3‐way interaction showed that after recalling a negative childhood memory, adverse childhood experiences predicted lower significance and coherence but higher purpose.ConclusionsAdverse childhood experiences consistently predict lower feelings of coherence and significance but, accounting for these associations, are unrelated to purpose. Purpose may represent a motivational strength emerging out of childhood adversity.
Revisiting the Psychobiological Inhibition Model: a conceptual framework for understanding and treating insomnia using cognitive and behavioural therapeutics (CBTx)
Authors: Espie Colin A. 
Published: February 2023

SummarySleep is a biological imperative, so one might wonder “what has psychology got to do with it?” A person's behaviours, thoughts, emotions and interactions with the environment inevitably serve for good, or for ill, as the “setting conditions” for the expression of sleep. Put simply, although sleep is not a psychological phenomenon, sleep has crucial behavioural dependencies. Consequently, the Psychobiological Inhibition Model can embrace numerous, potentially interacting, pathways to the persistence of this ubiquitous disorder, providing an overarching conceptual framework for why and how insomnia develops. The clinical guideline treatment for chronic insomnia is cognitive behavioural therapy. Although typically delivered as “talking therapy”, cognitive behavioural therapy is not some form of “psychobabble”. Rather, the Psychobiological Inhibition Model framework for insomnia articulates how specific techniques can correct the various ways in which the expression of normal sleep and circadian brain–behaviour relationships have become disrupted. Indeed, cognitive behavioural therapy is best conceived of as an approach to treatment rather than being one specific agent. A shift in emphasis towards a cognitive and behavioural therapeutics formulary would provide improved impetus to understanding of how insomnia develops, and of how it may best be treated in any given patient.
Reverse stress testing: Scenario design for macroprudential stress tests
Authors: Baes Michel , Schaanning Eric 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe propose a systematic algorithmic reverse‐stress testing methodology to create “worst case” scenarios for regulatory stress tests by accounting for losses that arise from distressed portfolio liquidations. First, we derive the optimal bank response for any given shock. Then, we introduce an algorithm which systematically generates scenarios that exploit the key vulnerabilities in banks' portfolio holdings and thus maximize contagion despite banks' optimal response to the shock. We apply our methodology to data of the 2016 European Banking Authority (EBA) stress test, and design worst case scenarios for the portfolio holdings of European banks at the time. Using spectral clustering techniques, we group 10,000 worst‐case scenarios into twelve geographically concentrated families. Our results show that even though there is a wide range of different scenarios within these 12 families, each cluster tends to affect the same banks. An “Anna Karenina” principle of stress testing emerges:Not all stressful scenarios are alike, but every stressful scenario stresses the same banks. These findings suggest that the precise specification of a scenario is not of primal importance as long as the most vulnerable banks are targeted and sufficiently stressed. Finally, our methodology can be used to uncover the weakest links in the financial system and thereby focus supervisory attention on these, thus building a bridge between macroprudential and microprudential stress tests.
And if they don't dance, they are no friends of mine: Exploring boundaries of national identity
Authors: May Antonia C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNational identity is widely used to explain anti‐immigrant attitudes and thus the appeal for right‐wing (populist) parties. Yet, consensus on how to capture national identity is lacking. This article identifies ideal‐typical patterns of national boundary making across 42 countries and more than 25 years beyond the ethnic–civic dichotomy and addresses the multidimensionality of national identity. Using latent class analysis and cluster analysis, four ideal‐typical conceptions of nationhood are identified and shown to be differently related to national attachment, national pride, and national chauvinism. Overall, the results close the methodological–empirical gap between classical approaches and recent inductive approaches to national identity and demonstrate that national identity is a cross‐cultural phenomenon with distinct types.
The Mini Nutritional Assessment‐Short Form is more effective in predicting clinical outcomes among hospitalised patients with overweight than the Nutritional Risk Screening‐2002
Authors: Pereira Bertini de Oliveira Ana Jessica , Regina de Goes Cassiana , Gonçalo Domiciano Carla , Ferreira Nathália Luíza , Ferreira Lívia Garcia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUnderstanding of the association between nutritional risk and clinical outcomes in hospitalised patients with overweight is still at an early stage. Given the lack of specific tools for the patient with overweight, the objective of this study was to compare two of the main general screening instruments for assessing nutritional risk in predicting clinical outcomes in a population of hospitalised patients with overweight. A retrospective study was carried out in a medium‐sized hospital in Brazil, with patients ≥20 years old admitted between July 2017 and December 2019. Patients who were overweight and had records of Nutritional Risk Screening‐2002 (NRS‐2002) and Mini‐Nutritional Assessment‐Short Form (MNA‐SF) in their medical files were included in the study. Clinical outcomes data (longer length of stay, readmission during the study period and mortality before the end of study or during hospitalisation) were obtained. The Kappa coefficient assessed agreement between both tools, and their performance for predicting outcomes was analysed using characteristic receiver operating curves (ROC). Data were collected from 643 patients. The prevalence of nutritional risk was 17.7% and 36.1% according to the NRS‐2002 and MNA‐SF (k = 0.390; p < 0.001), respectively. According to both tools, all clinical outcomes were significantly more common among individuals at nutritional risk (p < 0.05). Only the MNA‐SF showed a significant percentage of predictions for readmission (57.2%) and death during hospitalisation (65.7%). For mortality until the end of the study, the area under the ROC curve was similar for MNA‐SF (60.5%) and NRS‐2002 (60.7%; p = 0.057). The MNA‐SF detected a greater proportion of nutritional risk among hospitalised patients with overweight and better predicted all clinical outcomes compared to the NRS‐2002 and should be used to screen patients with overweight for nutritional risk.
Barriers and facilitators to early mobilisation programmes in the paediatric intensive care unit: A scoping literature review
Authors: Noone Chelsea E. , Franck Linda S. , Staveski Sandra L. , Rehm Roberta S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundEarly mobilisation (EM) in paediatric intensive care units (PICU) is safe and feasible. Nurses, patients and family caregivers are integral to EM. Understanding their perspectives is necessary to implement and sustain EM for children in the PICU.AimTo identify and critique research literature on the perspectives of nurses, patients and families regarding EM in the PICU.Study designFor this scoping review, PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched. Included studies reported experiences of PICU nurses, caregivers and patients. Outcomes included feasibility, acceptability, satisfaction, benefits, facilitators, barriers, concerns, comfort with participation, and experiences and knowledge of EM. Exclusion criteria were: studies with preterm infants, other paediatric settings, review articles and editorials, studies of non‐mobility interventions or chest physiotherapy alone. Quality assessment tools for qualitative and quantitative designs were used.ResultsNine studies met the inclusion criteria: six quantitative and three qualitative studies. Six themes were identified: nurses' responses, concerns about patient risk factors and adverse events, equipment and staffing resources, family/caregivers' responses, patients' perspectives and overall impact.ConclusionsFindings demonstrate the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to address cultural, psychological and practical issues with EM. Unvalidated surveys conducted at single time points were used to measure nurses' perspectives. EM presents opportunities and challenges for family caregivers. Patients' experiences of EM are underrepresented in published research.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses and family caregivers are instrumental in EM in the PICU. Positive attitudes and competence are essential to PICU EM programme's success. Barriers may be minimized when programme benefits are understood.
Features of cytomegalovirus DNAemia and virus‐specific T‐cell responses in allogeneic hematopoietic stem‐cell transplant recipients during prophylaxis with letermovir
Authors: Giménez Estela , Guerreiro Manuel , Torres Ignacio , Aguilar Cristobal , Albert Eliseo , Hernández‐Boluda Juan Carlos , Hernani Rafael , Pérez Ariadna , Amat Paula , Piñana José Luis , Montoro Juan , Solano Carlos , Navarro David 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is scarce information on the natural kinetics of cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNAemia and dynamics of CMV‐specific T‐cell reconstitution in allogeneic hematopoietic transplant recipients (allo‐HSCT) undergoing letermovir (LMV) prophylaxis.MethodsTwelve adult CMV‐seropositive high‐risk recipients (median age, 53 years; 9 males/3 females) undergoing LMV prophylaxis and 13 non‐LMV allo‐HSCT controls (median age, 58 years; 7 males/6 females) were included. CMV DNAemia in plasma was monitored by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Preemptive antiviral therapy (PET) was administered upon detection of ≥1500 IU/ml. CMV‐specific interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ)‐producing CD8+ and CD4+ T cells were enumerated by flow cytometry around days +30, +60, and +90 after allo‐HSCT. Ex vivo experiments assessing of the potential effect of LMV on CMV‐specific T‐cell expansion in a single CMV‐seropositive donor were also conducted.ResultsFive LMV patients (41.6%) developed CMV DNAemia that cleared spontaneously. Four patients (33.3%) developed CMV DNAemia after LMV cessation, of which two required PET. Nine non‐LMV patients (69.2%) developed CMV DNAemia (five required PET). The percentage of LMV and non‐LMV patients exhibiting detectable CMV‐specific T‐cell responses was comparable (7/10 vs. 10/13; p = .71). Nevertheless, median CMV‐specific CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell counts were lower in LMV patients by days +60 (p = .006 and .02, respectively) and +90 (p = .08 and .02). Ex vivo, CMV‐specific CD8+ T cells expanded to the same level either in the presence (19.8%) or in the absence of LMV (20.6%).ConclusionsIn our series, episodes of CMV DNAemia in LMV patients cleared spontaneously. A diminished degree of CMV‐specific T‐cell reconstitution in LMV patients compared to non‐LMV patients was observed.
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Parvovirus B19 infection in pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation – Single‐center experience and review
Authors: Holterhus Malcolm , Hennies Marc , Hillmann Hartmut , Thorer Heike , Rossig Claudia , Burkhardt Birgit , Groll Andreas H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundParvovirus B19 (B19V) infection following pediatric hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a rare complication and available data is scarce. Therefore, we present the experience with B19V Infection in allogeneic pediatric HCT recipients at our transplant center together with a systematic review of the literature.MethodsPediatric HCT patients with Parvovirus B19 infection treated at the University Children's Hospital Münster between 1999 and 2021 were retrospectively identified and clinical data were analyzed. Additionally, a systematic MEDLINE search to identify relevant articles was performed.ResultsWe identified three out of 445 patients (0.6%) with B19V infection post‐transplantation. B19V infection occurred in combination with other complications like Graft‐versus‐Host disease, additional infections, or autoimmune‐mediated hemolysis potentially triggered by B19V. In one patient these complications lead to a fatal outcome.The review of the literature showed considerable morbidity of B19V infection with the potential for life‐threatening complications. Most patients were treated by red blood cell transfusion and intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) with a high succession rate.ConclusionSymptomatic B19V infection following HCT remains a rare but potentially challenging complication. A causal antiviral therapy does not exist as well as general recommendations on dosage and duration of IVIG therapy. Despite this, most patients are treated successfully with these measures. Additionally, transmission via blood or stem cell products is also rare and no general recommendations on B19V screenings exist.
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Limiting etioplast gene expression induces apical hook twisting during skotomorphogenesis of Arabidopsis seedlings
Authors: Sajib Salek Ahmed , Grübler Björn , Oukacine Cylia , Delannoy Etienne , Courtois Florence , Mauve Caroline , Lurin Claire , Gakière Bertrand , Pfannschmidt Thomas , Merendino Livia 
Published: February 2023

SUMMARYWhen covered by a layer of soil, seedling development follows a dark‐specific program (skotomorphogenesis). In the dark, seedlings consist of small, non‐green cotyledons, a long hypocotyl, and an apical hook to protect meristematic cells. We recently highlighted the role played by mitochondria in the high energy‐consuming reprogramming of Arabidopsis skotomorphogenesis. Here, the role played by plastids, another energy‐supplying organelle, in skotomorphogenesis is investigated. This study was conducted in dark conditions to exclude light signals so as to better focus on those produced by plastids. It was found that limitation of plastid gene expression (PGE) induced an exaggerated apical hook bending. Inhibition of PGE was obtained at the levels of transcription and translation using the antibiotics rifampicin (RIF) and spectinomycin, respectively, as well as plastid RPOTp RNA polymerase mutants. RIF‐treated seedlings also showed expression induction of marker nuclear genes for mitochondrial stress, perturbation of mitochondrial metabolism, increased ROS levels, and an augmented capacity of oxygen consumption by mitochondrial alternative oxidases (AOXs). AOXs act to prevent overreduction of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Previously, we reported that AOX1A, the main AOX isoform, is a key component in the developmental response to mitochondrial respiration deficiency. In this work, we suggest the involvement of AOX1A in the response to PGE dysfunction and propose the importance of signaling between plastids and mitochondria. Finally, it was found that seedling architecture reprogramming in response to RIF was independent of canonical organelle retrograde pathways and the ethylene signaling pathway.