bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negative muon spin rotation and relaxation on Li metal
Authors: Sugiyama Jun , Umegaki Izumi , Takeshita Soshi , Nakano Takehito , Ninomiya Kazuhiko , Shimomura Koichiro , Kenya Kubo M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In order to study the effect of muonic-Li on the µ−
SR spectrum for Li battery materials, the transverse field (TF) µ−
SR spectra have been measured for natural Li metal and 6Li metal samples in the temperature range between 5 and 300 K. Here, TF denotes the magnetic field perpendicular to the initial µ−
spin polarization. For both samples, the TF-µ−
SR spectrum showed a clear oscillation without relaxation down to the lowest temperature measured: i.e., about 5 K. This clearly excludes the scenario that the muonic-Li starts to diffuse at a certain temperature between 5 and 300 K. Although the mechanism on such a zero TF relaxation rate is not fully understood, we could ignore the contribution from the muonic Li on the asymmetry spectrum for the Li-ion battery materials at temperatures above 5 K.
Low energy muon study of the p-n interface in chalcopyrite solar cells
Authors: Alberto H V , Vilão R C , Ribeiro E F M , Gil J M , Curado M A , Teixeira J P , Fernandes P A , Cunha J M V , Salomé P M P , Edoff M , Martins M I , Prokscha T , Salman Z , Weidinger A 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The slow muon technique was used to study the p-n junction of chalcopyrite solar cells. A defect layer near the interface was identified and the passivation of the defects by buffer layers was studied. Several cover layers on top of the chalcopyrite Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) semiconductor absorber were investigated in this work, namely CdS, ZnSnO, Al2O3 and SiO2. Quantitative results were obtained: The defect layer extends about 50 nm into the CIGS absorber, the relevant disturbance is strain in the lattice, and CdS provides the best passivation, oxides have a minor effect. In the present contribution, specific aspects of the low-energy muon technique in connection with this research are discussed.
Thin film and surface preparation chamber for the low energy muons spectrometer
Authors: Teuschl Hanna , Bernardo Angelo Di , Lourenço Leandro M. O. , Prokscha Thomas , Vieira Ricardo B. L. , Salman Zaher 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We have designed and constructed a thin film preparation chamber with base pressure of <2×10−9 mbar. Currently, the chamber is equipped with two large area evaporators (a molecular evaporator and an electron-beam evaporator), an ion sputtering gun, a thickness monitor and a substrate heater. It is designed such that it can handle large area thin film samples with a future possibility to transfer them in vacuum directly to the low energy muons (LEM) spectrometer or to other advanced characterization facilities in the Quantum Matter and Materials Center (QMMC) which will be constructed in 2024. Initial commissioning of the chamber resulted in high quality, large area and uniform molecular films of CuPc and TbPc2 on various substrate materials. We present first results from low energy µSR (LE-µSR) measurements on these films.
Effects of the rhombohedral distortion in LaAlO3 on the quadrupolar splitting of the implanted 8Li+ NMR
Authors: Karner V L , Chatzichristos A , Fujimoto D , Kiefl R F , Levy C D P , Li R , McFadden R M L , Morris G D , Pearson M R , Ticknor J O , MacFarlane W A 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We report the β-detected NMR of implanted 8Li+ in the rhombohedrally distorted perovskite LaAlO3. As observed in other insulating perovskites, the resonance has large quadrupolar splitting. However, it exhibits additional splitting due to the rhombohedral distortion. In addition, the magnitude of the electric field gradient at the 8Li site is larger than in cubic perovskites, such as SrTiO3, with vQ ≈ 191.3 kHz.
Negative muon spin rotation and relaxation on superconducting MgB2
Authors: Sugiyama Jun , Forslund Ola K. , Nocerino Elisabetta , Sassa Yasmine , Månsson Martin , Hillier Adrian , Ishida Katsuhiko 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The internal nuclear magnetic field in a superconducting MgB2 powder sample was studied with a µ−
SR technique. Although the past µ
+SR study on MgB2 reported the appearance of a dynamic behavior even below Tc
due to µ
+ diffusion, µ−
SR shows a static behavior in the whole temperature range measured, as expected. The ZF-µ−
SR spectra do not suggest any appearance of additional magnetic field below Tc
within the experimental accuracy. Considering the small asymmetry of the µ−
SR signal, it is a challenge to detect the appearance of an internal magnetic field below Tc
caused by the time reversal symmetry breaking.
Global-to-local-to-global interactions and climate change
Authors: Baldos Uris Lantz C , Chepeliev Maksym , Cultice Brian , Huber Matthew , Meng Sisi , Ruane Alex C , Suttles Shellye , van der Mensbrugghe Dominique 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Climate change by its very nature epitomizes the necessity and usefulness of the global-to-local-to-global (GLG) paradigm. It is a global problem with the potential to affect local communities and ecosystems. Accumulation of local impacts and responses to climate change feeds back to regional and global systems creating feedback loops. Understanding these complex impacts and interactions is key to developing more resilient adaptation measures and designing more efficient mitigation policies. To this date, however, GLG interactions have not yet been an integrative part of the decision-support toolkit. The typical approach either traces the impacts of global action on the local level or estimates the implications of local policies at the global scale. The first approach misses cumulative feedback of local responses that can have regional, national or global impacts. In the second case, one undermines a global context of the local actions most likely misrepresenting the complexity of the local decision-making process. Potential interactions across scales are further complicated by the presence of cascading impacts, connected risks and tipping points. Capturing these dimensions is not always a straightforward task and often requires a departure from conventional modeling approaches. In this paper, we review the state-of-the-art approaches to modeling GLG interactions in the context of climate change. We further identify key limitations that drive the lack of GLG coupling cases and discuss what could be done to address these challenges.
Stacking order and driving forces in the layered charge density wave phase of 1T-MX2 (M = Nb, Ta and X = S, Se)
Authors: Zhang Wenjun , Wu Jiansheng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The group-V transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) have attracted a lot of research due to their unique structures and rich physical properties. In these materials, charge density waves (CDW) are still the subject worthy of in-depth research despite being a popular issue. Based on first principles, the stacking effect of the T- MX2 (M = Nb, Ta and X = S, Se) CDW phase are comprehensively explored, with the interplay of correlation effect and magnetic order. Without correlation effect, T- MX2 with one specific stacking order (AA_AC_AA) is most structurally stable and leads to a natural band insulator due to interlayer dimerization. In contrast, same materials with the other stacking orders (AA_AB_AA, AA, AB, AC) are metallic phase. In the presence of correlation effect, whether the systems are insulators or metal highly depends on the magnetic order. AA_AC_AA stacking T- MX2 with antiferromagnetic order end up with band insulator. T- MX2 with AA, AB, AC stacking are metal even in the presence of correlation effect, but with magnetic order, they become Mott insulator. The complication is that AA_AB_AA stacking is located at the intersection of the band insulator and Mott insulator. From this article, we can see T-MX2 with different stacking structure with/without correlation effect and magnetic order show different phases. We outline a rich landscape and systematically explain the causes of the insulating characteristic of the CDW phase and emphasizes the critical role of correlation effect and magnetic order, extending the underlying mechanism of metal-insulation transitions that previously relied only on Mott localization as a driving force.
Organization structure and tribological study of hydrogel prepared by Uv light molding and casting molding methods for bionic articular cartilage
Authors: Yan Chengqi , Chen Junyue , Jia Zhuying , Li Zhanjun 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Hydrogels have similar structural and functional properties to natural articular cartilage, so they have been widely used in the research of biomimetic articular cartilage. In this research, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and betaine monomer were used as raw materials to prepare hydrogel on polyetheretherketone (PEEK) surface by Uv light molding and casting molding respectively. The results showed that two methods were used to prepare hydrogel film on PEEK surface successfully. The diameter of the internal hole of the hydrogel prepared by Uv light molding was larger than that prepared by casting molding. Compared with the hydrogels prepared by Uv light molding, the hydrogels prepared by casting molding have a lower friction coefficient because of their high load-carrying capacity. Different preparation methods seriously affect the formation of hydrogel structure. This study provides an important reference value for the preparation of high performance hydrogels.
Retract conjecture on a sublattice of monoidal posets
Authors: Kato Ryo 
Published: March 2023

Hovey and Palmieri [The structure of the Bousfield lattice, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 1999] proposed the retract conjecture on the Bousfield lattice of the stable homotopy category. The author, Shimomura and Tatehara [Publ. Res. Inst. Math. Sci. 50 (2014), pp. 497–513] defined the notion of monoidal posets as a generalization of the Bousfield lattice. In this paper, we prove that an analogue of the retract conjecture holds on a sublattice of monoidal posets.
Writing to Undo
Authors: Sternberg Giora 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This study investigates protestations as a unique lens into the workings of coercion and resistance in the early modern period. Protestation was a wide-ranging genre of document, written to counter the consequences of coercive forces in myriad forms: familial, economic, religious, and political; on the levels of micro and macro; and across social and geographical space. This remarkable scope has paradoxically proven an obstacle to realizing the historiographical potential of the phenomenon, which remains largely uncharted and familiar only to a few specialists separated by sub-disciplinary divides. This article thus offers a unifying conceptual, analytic, and methodological framework. It interrogates protestations as material objects as well as verbal texts; follows them throughout their lifecycle; and explores their spectra of producers, protagonists, and functions. A variety of case studies from the ancien régime illustrate the significance of the phenomenon on both the micro and macro levels, whether in the struggles of young people against the abuses of patriarchal and familial authority or in the subversive use of protestations in the constitutional crises of absolute monarchy. Protestation is thus shown to be of wide interest to a broad swath of scholars, including historians of gender, family, working-people, elites, high politics, law, and writing.
In-depth proteomic signature of parathyroid carcinoma
Authors: Kong Sung Hye , Lee Joon-Hyop , Bae Jeong Mo , Hong Namki , Kim Hyeyoon , Park So Young , Choi Yong Jun , Lee Sihoon , Rhee Yumie , Kim Sang Wan , Han Dohyun , Kim Jung Hee , Shin Chan Soo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveDiagnosing parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is complicated and controversial that early diagnosis and intervention are often difficult. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the protein signatures of PC through quantitative proteomic analyses to aid in the early and accurate diagnosis of PC.DesignWe conducted a retrospective cohort study.MethodsWe performed liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples. For the analyses, 23 PC and 15 parathyroid adenoma (PA) tissues were collected from 6 tertiary hospitals in South Korea.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 52 years, and 63% were women. Proteomic expression profiling revealed 304 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) with a cut-off of P &lt; .05 and fold change &gt;1.5. Among DEPs, we identified a set of 5 proteins that can discriminate PC from PA: carbonic anhydrase 4 (CA4), alpha/beta hydrolase domain-containing protein 14B (ABHD14B), laminin subunit beta-2 (LAMB2), CD44 antigen (CD44), and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 (ORM1) that exhibited the highest area under the curve of 0.991 in neural network model. The nuclear percentage of CA4 and LAMB2 in immunohistochemistry was significantly lower in PC tissue than in the PA (CA4: 2.77 ± 1.96%, 26.2 ± 3.45%, P &lt; .001; LAMB2: 6.86 ± 3.46%, 38.54 ± 4.13%, P &lt; .001). The most enriched canonical pathways in PC included glycoprotein-6 signaling and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR).ConclusionsWe identified key proteins differentially expressed between PC and PA using proteomic analyses of parathyroid neoplasms. These findings may help to diagnose PC accurately and elucidate potential therapeutic targets.
A highly contiguous genome assembly reveals sources of genomic novelty in the symbiotic fungus Rhizophagus irregularis
Authors: Manley Bethan F , Lotharukpong Jaruwatana S , Barrera-Redondo Josué , Llewellyn Theo , Yildirir Gokalp , Sperschneider Jana , Corradi Nicolas , Paszkowski Uta , Miska Eric A , Dallaire Alexandra 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The root systems of most plant species are aided by the soil-foraging capacities of symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi of the Glomeromycotina subphylum. Despite recent advances in our knowledge of the ecology and molecular biology of this mutualistic symbiosis, our understanding of the AM fungi genome biology is just emerging. Presented here is a close to T2T genome assembly of the model AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis DAOM197198, achieved through Nanopore long-read DNA sequencing and Hi-C data. This haploid genome assembly of R. irregularis, alongside short- and long-read RNA-Sequencing data, was used to produce a comprehensive annotation catalog of gene models, repetitive elements, small RNA loci, and DNA cytosine methylome. A phylostratigraphic gene age inference framework revealed that the birth of genes associated with nutrient transporter activity and transmembrane ion transport systems predates the emergence of Glomeromycotina. While nutrient cycling in AM fungi relies on genes that existed in ancestor lineages, a burst of Glomeromycotina-restricted genetic innovation is also detected. Analysis of the chromosomal distribution of genetic and epigenetic features highlights evolutionarily young genomic regions that produce abundant small RNAs, suggesting active RNA-based monitoring of genetic sequences surrounding recently evolved genes. This chromosome-scale view of the genome of an AM fungus genome reveals previously unexplored sources of genomic novelty in an organism evolving under an obligate symbiotic life cycle.
Cyber operations against critical infrastructure under norms of responsible state behaviour and international law
Authors: Haataja Samuli 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
There has been agreement at the United Nations level about a set of norms of responsible state behaviour in cyberspace, including norm (f) which prohibits cyber operations that cause intentional damage or impairment to critical infrastructure (CI). This article examines norm (f) in light of existing international law prohibiting malicious cyber operations against CI. It argues that norm (f) introduces complexity to the application of the law in this context that is counterproductive to developing clarity about the cyber operations against CI that are prohibited by international law. This is due to the subjectivity of the concept of CI, the contradictory legal status of norm (f), and due to existing uncertainties in how international law applies to state conduct in cyberspace which are compounded by norm (f). The article concludes that states need to develop more clarity about the relationship between international law and the norms of responsible state behaviour in cyberspace, and about how international law applies to cyber operations, particularly where CI is targeted.
Invasion of Rugose spiraling whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) across Bangladesh coastal region causes widespread damage to coconut plants
Authors: Swarnaa Ismat Jahan , Sheheli Shonia , Finch Elizabeth A , Khan Mohammed Abul Monjur 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Rugose spiraling whitefly (RSW), Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin, a native pest of coconut in Central America, has recently been introduced to South-East Asia. Little is known about the spread of RSW in Bangladesh, the effect this pest has on coconut plants, or the full range of its plant hosts. To fill this knowledge gap, we conducted surveys across the southern coastal coconut producing region of Bangladesh. Coconut plant damage from RSW was high throughout all the areas surveyed, and this was correlated with the population density of RSW. Areas, such as Khulna, which had the highest population density of RSW, had the highest level of RSW leaf damage. Coconut plants with an infestation of RSW had significantly fewer leaves and fruits. The coconut fruits were also smaller, both in terms of size and weight, and contained less water and lighter endosperm compared to non-infested plants. This highlights the need for the management of RSW in coconut growing regions. We also report 39 new host plant species for RSW from 22 plant families, including the economically important mangrove plant Nipa palm, Nypa fruticans Wurmb.
Reproductive phenologies of phyllostomid bat populations and ensembles from lowland Amazonia
Authors: Willig Michael R , Presley Steven J 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Natural selection should favor individuals that synchronize energy-demanding aspects of reproductive activity with periods of high resource abundance and predictability, leading to seasonal patterns of reproduction at the population level. Nonetheless, few studies—especially those on bats in the Neotropics—have used rigorous quantitative criteria to distinguish among phenological patterns for different populations from the same habitat or for the same species in different habitats. To explore such issues, we quantified annual patterns of reproduction in male and in female bats from lowland Amazonia (environs of Iquitos, Peru), and did so at the level of populations and ensembles. Five species exhibited unimodal patterns including Artibeus obscurus, A. planirostris, Carollia benkeithi, Phyllostomus hastatus, and Rhinophylla pumilio. Two species (A. lituratus and Glossophaga soricina) evinced bimodal patterns with reproductive peaks separated by patterns of inactivity, whereas four species (C. brevicauda, C. perspicillata, Sturnira lilium, and S. tildae) evinced a bimodal pattern in which peaks in activity occur in tandem, with the first peak generally markedly higher than the second peak. Frugivore, gleaning animalivore, and nectarivore ensembles exhibited bimodal, unimodal, and bimodal reproductive phenologies, respectively. Nonetheless, interannual variation in phenology (i.e., the monthly timing of peaks within a season rather than the number of peaks per year) characterized four (A. obscurus, C. brevicauda, C. perspicillata, and S. lilium) of the eight species and each of the three ensembles (frugivores, gleaning animalivores, and nectarivores) with adequate sampling. Regardless of interspecific variation in strategies, the phenology of reproduction enhances the likelihood that parturition and recruitment of young into the population occurs during the wet season, the period of likely highest resource abundance. Based on a comparison of our results with those from other well-studied bat populations, four species did not exhibit geographic variation in reproductive phenologies (A. obscurus, G. soricina, C. brevicauda, and R. pumilio), whereas three species evinced such geographic variation (A. lituratus, A. planirostris, and C. perspicillata). Climate change will likely alter the seasons and extents of propitious times for reproductive activities, as well as the reliability of proximate cues for initiating reproduction, compromising current reproductive strategies and leading to altered phenological patterns of reproduction or reproductive success, possibly resulting in local extinction of some species.
Bodily-Material Culture Techniques in the Spaces of the Devotional Revolution
Authors: Godson Lisa 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This essay addresses how new procedural knowledge was promoted during the devotional revolution in nineteenth-century Ireland, particularly in relation to bodily-material culture techniques. It argues that a more orthopraxic physical disposition was a significant aspect of the experience and practice of Catholicism, and suggests ways of thinking about that in relation to religious imagination and space. In this, it sees bodies as connected to artefacts through material practices. The bodily-material culture techniques under discussion include gesture, ways of interacting with objects and spaces, and in general the embedding of new forms of material knowledge and body schema. In this, this essay re-examines the relationship between religious and secular space during this period. On the one hand, at this time the intense construction and prominent siting of thousands of religious buildings including churches, denominational institutions and entire urban quarters suggest that sacred and secular spaces were highly defined and circumscribed. However, a focus on bodies and objects also suggests the idea of immanence, and a more fluid inter-relationship between sacred and profane space than might be generally considered. The contribution draws largely on regulatory and instructive literature including catechisms and popular devotional tracts, personal testimony and specific liturgical and devotional objects and spaces.
Long-Term or Chronic Risk Factors
Authors: Galynker Igor 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter describes various long-term (chronic) risk factors for suicide and examines their empirical base. The chapter discusses demographic risk factors, such as gender and age, as well as psychological risk factors, including impulsivity, hopelessness, perfectionism, pain insensitivity, and attachment style. Well-established historical factors, such as history of mental illness, past suicide attempts, and childhood trauma, are also outlined. Last, the chapter investigates the link between suicide and sociocultural risk factors, including cultural attitudes, immigration-related experiences, moral and religious objections, and suicide clusters. The chapter illustrates the role of long-term risk factors in the NCM through three case examples and a test case.
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure and Positive End-Expiratory Pressure
Authors: Selvamani Breethaa Janani , Sharma Archit 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Aerated lung volume is reduced during anesthesia because of loss of muscle tone. This causes atelectasis, which impairs gas exchange in both intubated patients and patients who have been extubated after surgery. Atelectasis may remain for several days in the postoperative period, giving more time for potential negative consequences than during the anesthesia itself. Preventing fall in end-expiratory lung volume during the emergence from anesthesia by applying positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)/continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) reduces early postoperative atelectasis and improves the ventilation/perfusion ratio. Both CPAP and PEEP reduce the work of breathing and improve oxygenation by increasing functional residual capacity. This chapter discusses the different physiologic effects of applying these maneuvers.