bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weed seed bank as affected by tillage, residue, and fertilization management under sweet corn‐wheat cropping sequence in Iran
Authors: Alijani Khadijeh , Kazemeini Seyed Abdolreza , Bahrani Mohammad Jafar , Ghadiri Hossein 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSoil weed seed bank is an important factor determining above‐ground floristic composition and weed density in agricultural systems. The quantitative and qualitative measures of weed seed bank can help growers to predict the extent to which they are facing weed problems. Along with tillage, crop residues can affect the fate of weeds in the upcoming crops. To investigate such effects, we compared the effects of tillage systems [conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT), and no tillage (NT)], wheat residue retention, and nitrogen (N) rates (0, 69, 138, and 207 kg N ha−1) on depth‐related characteristics of the weed seed bank under a sweet corn‐wheat sequence during 2014–2015 growing seasons in Shiraz, Iran. Soil bank was not affected by tillage systems but tended to be slightly higher under RT. The highest (898 seeds m−2) and lowest (322 seeds m−2) weed population at 0–10 cm depth were found when 138 kg N ha−1 in 2015 and 207 kg N ha−1 in 2014 were applied. Species richness and diversity were higher under NT and RT practices at the top layer, but CT system was more diversified at deeper depths. They were higher when crop residues were retained as well. Barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus‐galli [L.] Beauv), common lambsquarter (Chenopodium album L.), common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.), flixweed (Descoreinia sofia [L.] Webb. & Berth.), henbit (Lamium amplexicaule L.), pigweeds (Amaranthus spp.), and stinking goosefoot (Chenopodium vulvaria L.) were the most common weeds found in all tillage systems and soil depths. Grasses were relatively lower than broadleaves regardless of treatments. Weed seed bank was mostly affected by weather conditions than treatments in this short‐term experiment.
Barriers and facilitators to engaging in the practice of medical assistance in dying among providers in Canada: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Légère Karine , Doucet Shelley , Luke Alison , Goudreau Alex 
Published: February 2023

Objective:
This review will explore the perceived barriers to and facilitators for engaging in the practice of medical assistance in dying (MAiD) from the perspective of physicians, nurse practitioners, and medical residents in Canada.

Introduction:
The number of MAiD requests in Canada is growing steadily and is predicted to continue to grow with the passing of Bill C-7, which expands access to individuals whose deaths are not reasonably foreseeable. Under federal law, physicians and nurse practitioners are the only health care professionals permitted to assess for and provide MAiD. Providers are not obligated to provide MAiD care; therefore, patient access relies on providers’ readiness to engage in the practice. More information is needed to understand the barriers and facilitators for engaging in MAiD care from the perspective of providers.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider studies that identify physicians, nurse practitioners, and medical residents’ perceived barriers and facilitators for engaging in the practice of MAiD in Canada. Physicians, nurse practitioners, and medical residents who do not directly provide MAiD, including those who identify as conscientious objectors or non-participants, will be included in the study. Studies looking at barriers and facilitators for providing MAiD care to individuals with dementia, mental illness, or for individuals under the age of 18 will be excluded.

Methods:
MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL with Full-text, and APA PsycINFO will be searched. Studies will be screened and data extracted by 2 independent reviewers using a tool created for the study’s purposes. The scoping review findings will be presented in a narrative format and mapped in tables to address the study aims.

Review registration number:
N/A
Flow Boiling in Flexible Polymer Microgaps for Embedded Cooling in High-Power Applications
Authors: Lorenzini Daniel , Li Wenming , Joshi Yogendra 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Structural flexibility has become a common feature in emerging microsystems with increasing heat fluxes. The thermal control of such applications is a significant challenge because of both structural and volumetric requirements, where standard cooling solutions are not applicable. Flexible polymer microlayers are a promising solution for the embedded cooling of such microsystems. In the present investigation, a flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microgap is proposed and assessed in an effort to prove its viability for thermal management in the aforementioned applications. The analyzed polymer microgap features a dedicated vapor pathway design which is proven to assist in the efficient removal of vapor from the microsystem. The dielectric refrigerant HFE-7100 is used as the working fluid under flow boiling conditions, reporting on the two-phase flow regime, heat transfer, and pressure drop. In addition to experimental results, the numerical modeling of the relevant features of flow boiling is explored with the use of a mechanistic phase-change model that is proven to accurately predict the flow variables and constitutes a valuable tool in the analysis and design of such microsystems. The results from this study demonstrate that this approach is feasible for the removal of relatively high heat fluxes which are comparable to metallic-based or silicon microchannels, with the added advantage of structural flexibility while also providing a stable two-phase cooling mechanism.
Flow and Convective Exchanges Study in Rotor-Stator System With Eccentric Impinging Jet
Authors: Haidar Chadia , el Hannaoui Abdellatif , Boutarfa Rachid , Harmand Souad 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper investigates numerically and experimentally the flow structure and convective heat transfers in an unconfined air gap of a discoid technology rotor–stator system. The cavity between the interdisk is defined by dimensionless spacing varying between G = 0.02 (Haidar et al., 2020, “Numerical and Experimental Study of Flow and Convective Heat Transfer on a Rotor of a Discoidal Machine With Eccentric Impinging Jet,” J. Therm. Sci. Eng. Appl., 12(2), 021012) and G = 0.16. For experimental data, an infrared thermography is applied to obtain a measurement of the rotor surface temperatures and a steady-state energy equation is solved to evaluate the local convective coefficients. A numerical study is performed with a computational code ansys-fluent and based to apply two different turbulence models named the Reynolds stress model (RSM) and k–ε renormalization group (RNG). The results of the numerical simulation are compared with experimental results on heat transfer for the rotational Reynolds number ranging from 2.38×105 to 5.44×105, the jet Reynolds numbers varying from 16.6×103 to 49.6×103, and for dimensionless spacing G between 0.04 and 0.16. Three heat transfer zones on the rotating disk surface are identified. A good accord between a numerical result and experimental data was obtained. Finally, a correlation relating the Nusselt number to the rotational Reynolds number, jet Reynolds number, and dimensionless spacing varying from 0.02 to 0.16 is proposed.
Optimal Process Planning for Hybrid Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing
Authors: Osman Hany , Azab Ahmed , Baki Mohammed Fazle 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHybrid manufacturing technology has enabled manufacturers to combine advantages of mainly subtractive and additive manufacturing technologies. A single machine supports producing products with complex geometry, at high quality, and with a high degree of automation. To benefit from these advantages, decisions taken in the process planning stage of such a sophisticated manufacturing system should be optimized. The objective of this paper is to determine the optimal process plan considering both the engineering and manufacturing aspects of the hybrid technology. A comprehensive process planning model is proposed. The model specifies the optimal sequence of additive and subtractive features that minimizes the production cycle time. In addition, the model sets the optimal part orientations such that the time needed for building support structures, performing post-processing and inspection operations, changing cutting tools and printing nozzles, and unclamping the part is minimized. The model is comprehensive as it considers productive and non-productive times, precedence, technological, quality, and manufacturing restrictions imposed on hybrid manufacturing systems. The proposed model is nonlinear; due to this nonlinearity, the model is intractable. A linearization scheme is applied to formulate an equivalent linear model that is solvable to optimality by commercial solvers. Case studies on test and industrial parts are provided to evaluate the computational performance of the proposed model. Integrating the proposed model in hybrid manufacturing (HM) systems ensures adopting the HM technology in its optimal direction. HM technology is an enabler of establishing a smart manufacturing system which is one of the pillars of Industry 4.0.
Lung epithelial cell–derived C3 protects against pneumonia-induced lung injury
Authors: Sahu Sanjaya K. , Ozantürk Ayşe N. , Kulkarni Devesha H. , Ma Lina , Barve Ruteja A. , Dannull Linus , Lu Angel , Starick Marick , McPhatter Ja’Nia , Garnica Lorena , Sanfillipo-Burchman Maxwell , Kunen Jeremy , Wu Xiaobo , Gelman Andrew E. , Brody Steven L. , Atkinson John P. , Kulkarni Hrishikesh S. 
Published: February 2023

The complement component C3 is a fundamental plasma protein for host defense, produced largely by the liver. However, recent work has demonstrated the critical importance of tissue-specific C3 expression in cell survival. Here, we analyzed the effects of local versus peripheral sources of C3 expression in a model of acute bacterial pneumonia induced by
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. Whereas mice with global C3 deficiency had severe pneumonia-induced lung injury, those deficient only in liver-derived C3 remained protected, comparable to wild-type mice. Human lung transcriptome analysis showed that secretory epithelial cells, such as club cells, express high levels of C3 mRNA. Mice with tamoxifen-induced C3 gene ablation from club cells in the lung had worse pulmonary injury compared with similarly treated controls, despite maintaining normal circulating C3 levels. Last, in both the mouse pneumonia model and cultured primary human airway epithelial cells, we showed that stress-induced death associated with C3 deficiency parallels that seen in Factor B deficiency rather than C3a receptor deficiency. Moreover, C3-mediated reduction in epithelial cell death requires alternative pathway component Factor B. Thus, our findings suggest that a pathway reliant on locally derived C3 and Factor B protects the lung mucosal barrier.
Proactive career management for female health professionals: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Chong Wayne Freeman , Chua Junjie , Leong Li Zi , Smith Helen Elizabeth , Yu Kang Yang Trevor 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionMany women in frontline healthcare positions face work demands that are incompatible with their needs and aspirations, resulting in poorer work satisfaction and engagement, and greater probability of leaving their jobs. Proactive career management is associated with elevated well-being and career success but may not be accessible to female health professionals who encounter social, cultural and structural barriers. The complex and diverse nature of proactive career management and absence of a comprehensive review on the topic necessitates a synthesis of extant literature. This study aims to identify (i) proactive career management behaviours and activities among female health professionals and (ii) outcomes of proactive career management initiatives. This study will contribute to a larger study on encouraging proactive career management behaviours among Singapore female health professionals.Methods and analysesScoping review is used as our method of evidence synthesis to provide a comprehensive overview of all available constructs and markers of interest. This study started in January 2022. Original research, reviews, short reports, letters, methodologies and case studies relevant to our objectives will be examined with guidance from Arksey and O’Malley’s framework. The literature contained in scientific databases and grey literature sources will be thoroughly searched. Two independent reviewers will screen citations for eligibility and extract data from the included articles. Extracted data will be narratively synthesised by two independent reviewers using Braun and Clarke’s six steps of thematic analysis. We will observe the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews standards in reporting the results. An advisory panel will provide insights on the applicability of the results to negate confirmation bias.Ethics and disseminationEthics clearance is not required. Dissemination plans include peer-reviewed journal publication and conference presentations.Registration detailsThis review was registered on open science framework (Registration DOI:https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/2SY8V).
Status of continuous glucose monitoring use and management in tertiary hospitals of China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Chen Liping , Liu Xiaoqin , Lin Qin , Dai Hongmei , Zhao Yong , Shi Zumin , Wu Liping 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveThis study aims to reveal the use and management status of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in tertiary hospitals in China and to determine the potential factors affecting the application of CGM, based on which more effective solutions would be produced and implemented.DesignAn online, cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2021 to December 2021.SettingEighty-three tertiary hospitals in China were involved.ParticipantsEighty-three head nurses and 281 clinical nurses were obtained.OutcomeCurrent condition of CGM use and management, the factors that hinder the use and management of CGM, scores of current CGM use and management, as well as their influencing factors, were collected.ResultsAmong the 83 hospitals surveyed, 57 (68.7%) hospitals used CGM for no more than 10 patients per month. Seventy-three (88.0%) hospitals had developed CGM standard operating procedures, but only 29 (34.9%) hospitals devised emergency plans to deal with adverse effects related to CGM. Comparably, maternal and children’s hospitals were more likely to have a dedicated person to assign install CGM than general hospitals (52.2% vs 26.7%). As for the potential causes that hinder the use and management of CGM, head nurses’ and nurses’ perceptions differed. Head nurses perceived patients’ limited knowledge about CGM (60.2%), the high costs of CGM and inaccessibility to medical insurance (59.0%), and imperfect CGM management systems (44.6%) as the top three factors. Different from head nurses, CGM operation nurses considered the age of CGM operators, the type of hospital nurses worked in, the number of patients using CGM per month and the number of CGM training sessions as potential factors (p<0.05).ConclusionsThe study provides a broad view of the development status of CGM in China. Generally speaking, the use and management of CGM in China are not yet satisfactory, and more efforts are wanted for improvement.
An investigation of SMART Recovery: protocol for a longitudinal cohort study of individuals making a new recovery attempt from alcohol use disorder
Authors: Kelly John F , Levy Samuel A , Hoeppner Bettina B 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionAlcohol use disorder (AUD) remains one of the most pervasive of all psychiatric illnesses conferring a massive health and economic burden. In addition to professional treatments to address AUD, mutual-help organisations such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and newer entities like Self-Management and Recovery Training (SMART Recovery) play increasingly important roles in many societies. While much is known about the positive effects of AA, very little is known about SMART. Hence, this study seeks to estimate real-world patterns of utilisation and benefit from SMART Recovery as well as explore for whom (moderators) and how (mechanisms) SMART confers recovery benefits.Methods and analysisNaturalistic, longitudinal, cohort study (n=368) of individuals with AUD recruited between February 2019 and February 2022, initiating a new recovery attempt who self-select into one of four groups at study entry: (1) SMART Recovery; (2) AA; (3) SMART+AA; (4) Neither SMART nor AA; (stratified by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM 5) severity markers), with assessments conducted at intake, and 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months, 18 months and 24 months. Primary outcomes are: frequency of SMART and AA meetings attendance; per cent days abstinent and per cent days heavy drinking. Secondary outcomes include psychiatric distress; quality of life and functioning. Moderator variables include sex/gender; race/ethnicity; spirituality. Mediational variables include social networks; coping skills; self-efficacy; impulsivity. Multivariable regression with propensity score matching will test for patterns of attendance and effects of participation over time on outcomes and test for mechanisms and moderators.Ethics and disseminationThis study involves human participants and was approved by the Massachusetts General Hospital Institutional Review Board (Protocol #: 2017P002029/PHS). Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences.RegistrationThis is a non-randomised, naturalistic, longitudinal, cohort study, and thus was not registered in advance. Results, therefore, should be considered exploratory.
Assessment of return to play after an acute shoulder injury: protocol for an explorative prospective observational German multicentre study
Authors: Kurz Eduard , Bloch Hendrik , Buchholz Ines , Maier Dirk , Praetorius Arthur , Seyler Sebastian , Standtke Susanne , Achenbach Leonard 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionTo date, there is no valid single test or battery of tests for informing return-to-play (RTP) decisions following an acute shoulder injury. The purpose of this exploratory study is to evaluate a diagnostic test battery based on a Delphi consensus at the time of unrestricted return to team training after acute shoulder injury.Methods and analysisData for this prospective multicentre cohort study are collected at two measurement time points: when the respective physician clears the patient for RTP (t1) and 12 months after RTP (t2). The study participants are 18–35 years old athletes participating at a professional level in the following team sports: handball, basketball, ice hockey, soccer, volleyball and American football. Maximum comparability will be ensured via uninjured matched pair teammates. To assess the subjective assessment of shoulder functioning and the athlete’s readiness to RTP, patient-reported outcome measures (Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index, Quick-Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand, Psychological Readiness of Injured Athlete to Return to Sport and Shoulder Instability-Return to Sport after Injury) will be completed. After a medical check-up with a range of motion and anthropometric measurements as well as clinical tests, the participants will perform a structured warm-up protocol. The functional tests comprise handgrip strength, upper quarter Y-balance test, isometric strength, closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test, wall hop test, functional throwing performance index and the unilateral seated shot put test and isokinetic tests.Ethics and disseminationThe results of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and scientific presentations at national and international conferences. Ethical approval was obtained through the Institutional Review Board of Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg (reference number: 2022–016).Trial registration numberDRKS00028265.
How are regulatory oversight organisations using long-term care performance indicators: a qualitative descriptive study in 10 high-income countries
Authors: Poldrugovac Mircha , Pot Anne Margriet , Klazinga Niek , Kringos Dionne 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesRegulatory oversight organisations play an important role in quality stewardship in long-term care (LTC) facilities. Performance indicators are a key tool for any quality-related work. Our aim was to better understand how and what performance indicators are used by regulatory oversight organisations for long-term care facilities oversight and which features are affecting their fitness for use.DesignQualitative descriptive.Setting and participantsWe explored the use of LTC facility performance indicators by 10 regulatory oversight organisations from England, Ireland, Malta, New Zealand, Norway, Scotland, Singapore, Slovenia, Sweden and the Netherlands. We collected information by means of a questionnaire, 13 follow-up interviews with 20 experts from these organisations and document review.ResultsPerformance indicators are used by participating oversight organisations to choose priority topics for audits, prioritise facilities to be audited and to identify areas within an audited facility, that require more attention. The indicators of most interest to oversight organisations are related to the dimensions of care articulated in the preset requirements on which audits are based. When the purpose of using indicators is to design a risk assessment model, the fitness for use of indicators ultimately depends on their ability to predict non-compliances on subsequent audits. When indicators are used directly by auditors, the ease of access, clear guidance to evaluate the data and the provision of contextual information are used by oversight organisations to increase fitness for use.ConclusionsOversight organisations do not use LTC facility performance indicators to assess quality, but rather to assess the risk of lower quality or of non-compliance with requirements. This risk-related purpose has to be considered when the indicators used in oversight are chosen and when other aspects of fitness for use, such as data analysis and displaying findings, are developed.