bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study to correlate the association of Gender, Age, Physiology (GAP) index and radiological patterns in interstitial lung disease
Authors: Bhushan Aditya Shashi , Shashibhushan B L , Ashwin K 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) encompasses a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of lung tissue, leading to impaired gas exchange and respiratory failure. The GAP index, based on gender, age, and pulmonary function, predicts mortality and disease severity in patients with ILD. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is a critical diagnostic tool that provides detailed information on lung morphology and disease extent. This study aims to investigate the relationship between HRCT patterns and the GAP index in patients with ILD, enhancing disease staging and prognostication.

Objectives:
1. To identify various radiological patterns in ILD patients using HRCT of the thorax. 2) To correlate these radiological patterns with the GAP index and verify the relationship mentioned above.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective observational study analyzed data from 154 patients with ILD treated at Victoria Hospital, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, from January 2021 to September 2023. The inclusion criteria included patients aged ≥ 18 years diagnosed with ILD based on the ATS/ERS criteria. Thoracic HRCT was performed using a Philips Ingenuity 128-slice CT scanner, and pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were conducted using a Power cube Diffusion Plus spirometer. The GAP score was calculated, and the HRCT patterns were compared with the GAP stages. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics software.

Results:
The study population had a mean age of 55.5 years, consisting of 68 males and 86 females. Shortness of breath (97.4%) and cough (87.7%) were the most common symptoms. Hypertension (31.2%) and diabetes mellitus (28.6%) were the most common comorbidities observed. The prevalence of definitive UIP sharply increased in stage 3 (58.8%) compared to stage 1 (9.5%) and stage 2 (41.5%), with a highly significant P value (<0.0001). In contrast, NSIP was more common in Stage 1 (39.3%) and decreases in later stages, with a significant P value (0.011). Over half of the patients were in GAP Stage 1 (54.5%), with significant correlations found between advancing GAP stages and an increased prevalence of honeycombing (P = 0.0005) and traction bronchiectasis (P = 0.010). The ground-glass opacity decreased with increasing GAP stage (P = 0.035).

Conclusion:
This study revealed a significant correlation between particular HRCT patterns and GAP index stages in patients with ILD, highlighting the importance of honeycombing and traction bronchiectasis as indicators of advanced disease. This approach is advantageous in both resource-limited settings, where HRCT availability is limited, and in advanced medical centers, as it can help minimize the need for frequent CT scans.
A study of lipid profile peculiarities and atherogenic index of plasma in patients younger than fifty years of age with newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Bhatt Varsha R. , Krishna Kavita K. , Asrani Vishal , Chauhan Rajat 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Context:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an important cause of mortality in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Aims:
Evaluation of lipid profile and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) in newly diagnosed DMARD naïve patients of RA younger than 50 years of age, and its comparison with age- and sex-matched healthy controls.

Settings and Design:
Cross-sectional comparative study.

Methods and Material:
48 patients aged 18 to 50 years fulfilling the ACR/EULAR criteria for RA, not yet on DMARD or steroids and 51 healthy controls were included. Disease activity was assessed, and lipid profile was estimated: total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) was calculated using a standard formula.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Independent sample t-tests were used to determine the statistical significance of mean values between the case and control groups. Pearson’s correlation test was used to correlate various components of the lipid profile and the atherogenic index with DAS28-ESR.

Results:
Significantly reduced levels of HDL (39.31 ± 6.52 mg/dl) were found in patients with RA as compared to the healthy controls. Serum TG was significantly higher in the cases (138.35 ± 39.23 mg/dl). TC level was significantly elevated in the cases. Mean atherogenic index in cases was significantly higher (0.17 + 0.14) in some cases. Only a weak correlation was found between lipid profile components and DAS28-ESR.

Conclusions:
Serum HDL level was significantly lower, and TC, TG levels and AIP were significantly higher in younger patients of early DMARD naïve RA pointing to a higher CV risk.
Impact of over 6 months of digital hearing aid usage on auditory working memory in acquired severe to profound hearing loss
Authors: Yadav Arun K. , Ahsan Amra , Kumar Vijay , Banik Arun 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Hearing amplification devices provide ample auditory input that can help to decrease the cognitive strain caused by hearing loss. Depending on the kind and severity of hearing loss, using hearing aids has variable effects on auditory working memory. This study looked into the auditory working memory capacity after using hearing aids for more than 6 months.

Method:
Sixty individuals of a mean age of 53.4 ± 6.07 years with severe to profound hearing loss in the age range of 40–60 years participated. Out of them, 30 individuals with a mean age of 53.5 ± 6.7 were using digital hearing aids and another 30 individuals with a mean age of 53.3 ± 5.4 years were not using a hearing aid. Forward and backward digit span task (DST) and Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) were investigated to estimate the auditory working memory capacity.

Results:
Mean MMSE scores of those individuals with severe to profound hearing loss (53.3 ± 5.43) using (HAU) a hearing aid (25.7 ± 2.97) and individuals not using (NHAU) a hearing aid (22.1 ± 5.11) were compared across each other. The result revealed that the mean MMSE score of HAU was significantly higher than the mean score of NHAU. The mean DST (forward, backward, and total) score of HAU (6.40 ± 1.47) was cosiderably higher than the mean score of NHAU (5.33 ± 1.12).

Conclusion:
Results showed that mean MMSE and DST scores were higher in the HAU category, but when compared across the gender, no statistical differences were observed. The change in auditory working memory and other cognitive abilities were attributed to the usage duration of the hearing aids.
Acanthosis nigricans and its association with cardio-metabolic risk factors in children with overweight/obesity: A school-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Das Rashmi R. , Mangaraj Manaswini , Nayak Saurav , Satapathy Amit K. , Mahapatro Samarendra 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:
Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a common finding often associated with hyperinsulinemia and childhood obesity. There has been a lack of studies evaluating the association of AN with underlying cardio-metabolic risk factors in children and adolescents. Our objective was to study the association between AN and cardio-metabolic risk factors in children with overweight/obesity.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study included school-going children (6–16 years of age) with overweight/obesity. Physical examination, anthropometry, and blood pressure (BP) data were collected. Fasting blood samples were collected to measure insulin, glucose, homeostasis model assessment index (HOMAIR), and lipid profile.

Results:
Of 1930 children screened, 545 had overweight/obesity, and were included. Boys to girls ratio was 1.27. AN was present in 46.4% of children. Children with AN had higher body mass index [BMI] (P < 0.01), waist circumference [WC] (P < 0.01), systolic (P = 0.03), and diastolic BP (P = 0.02), hyperglycemia (P = 0.02), hyperinsulinemia (P < 0.01), and a higher HOMA-IR (P < 0.01) compared to those without AN. HDL level was lower in children with AN.

Conclusions:
Children with overweight/obesity who have AN have significant elevations of BP, insulin level, and HOMA-IR. AN is a clinical marker that seems to be associated with cardio-metabolic risk factors in children with overweight/obesity in the given study population.
Burden and pattern of diseases among tribes of South-West Rajasthan
Authors: Dwivedi Rakhi , Goel Prachi , Jain Riddhi , Sharma Aditya , Dwivedi Pradeep , Singh Pratibha , Singh Kuldeep 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Policymakers can better grasp regional health challenges by investigating the disease profile in a specific area. It is challenging to understand the burden and pattern of diseases in the aspirational district of Sirohi, Rajasthan, which is also a partially tribal district, due to the lack of studies on disease profiling among the tribals in the state.

Aim:
To determine the prevalent diseases among the people of district Sirohi through secondary data analysis of data collected from government healthcare facilities.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a retrospective analysis of health data from the records of the government health system in the district Sirohi, Rajasthan, for the last three years, from 2020 to 2022. Our analysis specifically examined illnesses that affected pregnant women, children, and patients attending outpatient and inpatient departments.

Results:
Over three consecutive years, tribal blocks had a higher load of diseases compared to the non-tribal blocks of the Sirohi district. Diarrhoea contributed 67.9% of childhood illnesses, followed by pneumonia (14.4%). The occurrence of maternal anaemia among pregnant women was 81%, with a noticeable upward trajectory. The most common reasons for admission to the in-patient department were respiratory illnesses (n = 6,145), diarrhea with dehydration (n = 4,339), snake bites (n = 687), and typhoid (n = 539). Pindwara had the highest number of respiratory illness (n = 2897, 47.1%) compared to all other blocks.

Conclusion:
This study emphasizes the necessity of addressing the health challenges encountered by tribes in district Sirohi. To tackle these issues, it is imperative to execute a targeted and precise strategy. There is a lack of data within tribal communities, which necessitates additional research to formulate a targeted strategy for tribal health.
Exploring barriers and facilitators of vaginal birth after caesarean section (VBAC), awareness, and preferences among females in Western Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aloufi Daniyah , Saggaf Omar , Alkhalifah Zainab Ali , Alalawi Hassan , Alhazmi Nadia 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:
Women with a history of previous Cesarean Sections (CS) are faced with two choices during their pregnancy: Vaginal Birth After Cesarean (VBAC) or Elective Repeat Cesarean Delivery (ERCD). VBAC refers to vaginal delivery in women who have previously undergone a CS.

Objectives:
Despite limited studies on VBAC in Saudi Arabia, this research aims to assess the knowledge and awareness of Saudi women regarding VBAC.

Methodology:
This cross-sectional study was conducted among adult females in Western Saudi Arabia utilizing a convenient snowball sampling technique. The total number of participants was 901 females. The participants completed a self-administered questionnaire, which covered general information, knowledge about VBAC, and factors influencing their decision. Statistical analysis employed Chi-squared, Independent T-Test, and ANOVA.

Results:
Our findings revealed that 67.5% of participants had inadequate knowledge about VBAC. Only 45.6% of participants were familiar with the term VBAC. The primary reason for choosing CS over VBAC was medical necessity, as reported by 36.3% of participants. The most common reasons for rejecting VBAC were fear for their child’s safety and the fact that a CS was recommended, both reported by 35.1%. The lowest reported reason was external interference from family or spouses, at 10.5%.

Conclusion:
Although the majority of our sample consisted of highly educated women, most exhibited poor knowledge regarding VBAC. Therefore, raising awareness about VBAC, especially through healthcare professionals and their clinics, is essential.
Pioneering a New Frontier: Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Driven Lip Print Pattern Analysis—A Systematic Review
Authors: Maheswari T. N. Uma , Bohra Ankita , Sharuniveda S 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Artificial intelligence (AI) technology is a trailblazer in obtaining critical information in oral observational studies involving forensic medicine. It holds immense potential in forensic odontology. Machine learning’s involvement in our daily lives has doubled. The constructive upgraded mechanism of machine learning involved in exploring lip print patterns is a crucial perspective for future diagnostic studies.

Objectives:
To illuminate the significance and application of AI technology in forensic odontology, specifically lip print analysis. The cardinal objective is to identify the most effective algorithm for lip print analysis using AI.

Methodology:
The data for this study were collected by conducting a thorough search of articles published in reputable search engines between January 2010 and January 2024. The QUADAS-2 tool forms an impression of the risk of bias in the selected studies. Search engines such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane were extensively searched for data collection.

Results:
All studies shortlisted for this review present promising results. Results showed that of all algorithms, VGG16 and VGG19 are better than other algorithms in terms of accuracy, precision, and recall.

Conclusion:
Our focus in this study is to determine whether AI is efficient in providing results for lip print pattern analysis and standardize an AI network algorithm that works best for it.
Rarity in Common Palatal Pathology: A Diagnostic Dilemma of Enigmatic Case on Palatal Swelling
Authors: Srivastava Shilpi , Nayak Anjali , Nayak Meghanand T. , Gupta Durga Shanker 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Palatal lesions pose a great challenge for clinicians to diagnose. It is one of the myriad regions of the oral cavity with an array of tissues that may give rise to a plethora of different pathologies. In-depth knowledge of anatomy with proper investigation remains the key to success in the diagnosis and treatment of palatal lesions along with a high index of clinical suspicion. In this paper, we present a rare case report of traumatic neuroma at an unusual site of the palate.
Prevalence and Morphological Variations of Prelacrimal Recess in Maxillary Sinus - A Retrospective CBCT Study
Authors: Palanisamy Anitha , Karthikeyan Bakyalakshmi , Najmutheen Benazir 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
The pathology of the maxillary sinus (MS) can be treated using the prelacrimal recess approach, an intranasal method for accessing the MS. This approach exhibits significant individual variations in its prevalence and varying widths.

Aim:
To determine the occurrence of the prelacrimal recess (PLR) in the MS and explore its morphological variations.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis was performed on 225 cone beam computed tomography scans obtained from the department’s archives. The patients ranged in age from 18 to 78. Statistical analysis were conducted to evaluate the frequency of PLR occurrence in the MS. Data from both sides were compared between males and females.

Results:
The analysis of the data revealed that PLR was present in 84.9% of patients with MS. Each patient exhibited asymmetry between the left and right sides. Although PLR was less likely to occur in women, the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusion:
The anatomical variations of the PLR in individuals should be considered prior to procedures to prevent complications.
Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activity of Citrus macroptera and Cucumis sativus Herbal Formulation: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Amani Turaga , Surenthar Mouttoukichenin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Natural cures are becoming more and more popular since they might lessen the possibility of negative side effects and provide a substitute for pharmaceutical drugs. This study used in vitro experiments to evaluate the cytotoxic and antibacterial properties of a combination of C. sativus, C. macroptera, and glycerol extract.

Materials and Method:
Fruits of C. macroptera (citrus) and C. sativus (cucumber) were washed and dried. Following the preparation of their extracts, a 10 ml extract solution was created by combining them with 8 ml of glycerol. The mixture was filtered, stored at 4°C, and tested using the Agar well diffusion method against the bacterial suspension and the brine shrimp lethality assay against the nauplii.

Results:
The extract showed similar antibacterial and cytotoxic effects to standard values at 100 μg/ml. Higher concentrations increased the zone of inhibition. The brine shrimp lethality test indicated good cytotoxicity.

Conclusion:
The formulation of glycerol extract, cucumber, and citrus could be a useful substitute for the synthetic antibacterial medications that are now on the market because of their good cytotoxic efficacy and minimal side effects. When it comes to developing new drugs to treat oral cavity lesions, these extracts may offer a viable approach.
Evaluation of ChatGPT as a New Assessment Tool in Dental Education
Authors: Shete Anagha , Shete Mrinal , Chavan Mahesh , Channe Pallavi , Sapkal Rashmi , Buva Kirti 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Chat-generative pretrained transformer (ChatGPT) has the potential to offer personalized, effective learning experiences for students, creating realistic virtual simulations for hands-on learning.

Objectives:
Assessment of efficiency of ChatGPT against subject experts for assessment in BDS curriculum.

Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among students of a dental college, in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. A self-administered, validated questionnaire was used for Short Answer Questioning (SAQ) and critical questioning. Group comparison was done through an independent sample t-test and statistical significance through the Pearson Chi-square test. A P value of <0.05 was considered significant.

Results:
The mean score obtained by Group 1 in SAQs was 4.61 ± 0.28, and for Group 2, it was 4.37 ± 0.26. A higher mean score was seen in Group 1 as compared to Group 2, but this difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). At the same time, group comparison for critical reasoning revealed that the mean score obtained by Group 1 in critical reasoning was 4.68 ± 0.24, and for Group 2, it was 2.09 ± 1.10. The difference in mean scores between the two groups was statistically significant.

Conclusion:
Instead of treating artificial intelligence as a threat, dental educators need to adapt teaching and assessments in dental education for the benefit of learners while mitigating its dishonest use.
Reliability of Orthopantomogram in Predicting Bone Mineral Density as Compared to Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry in Post-menopausal Indian Females: A Radiological Original Study
Authors: Kale Isha P. , Mhapuskar Amit A. , Hiremutt Darshan R. Prasad , Rao Prashant R. , Karmarkar Pradnya H. , Jahanvi Vandana 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Osteoporosis is commonly seen affecting the bones in post-menopausal females, especially in India. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is the gold standard for identifying osteoporosis in female patients. Digital panoramic radiography (OPG) is a common imaging modality used frequently in routine dental practice. Mandibular cortical index (MCI) on OPG can be used to diagnose osteoporosis. Therefore, this study evaluated the efficacy of MCI on OPG to help detect osteoporosis in postmenopausal Indian females.

Aim:
To evaluate the accuracy of OPG versus DEXA in predicting bone mineral density (BMD).

Materials and Methods:
The research involved forty-two women with a postmenopausal history for a minimum of a year. The BMD was measured using DEXA. OPG was taken, and analysis of the mandible on OPG was done by two observers using the MCI given by Klemetti et al.

Results:
OPG had an overall sensitivity and specificity of 71% in the normal group, sensitivity of 50%, specificity of 68% in the osteopenia group, and sensitivity of 36%, specificity of 89% in the osteoporotic group in predicting the BMD using MCI. A positive correlation was seen in the efficacy of OPG in predicting BMD in the normal (P = 0.031*) and osteoporotic groups (P = 0.000*).

Conclusion:
MCI on OPG helped diagnose normal and osteoporotic patients efficiently, but osteopenia was misdiagnosed as normal or osteoporotic. Hence, MCI alone should not be used to predict BMD.
A Comparative Study between Self-Controlled Energetic Neuro: Adaptive Regulator (SCENAR) and Commercially Available Equipment in the Management of Orofacial Pain
Authors: Mahesh KP , Vijayan M Aparna 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
SCENAR[™] is a noninvasive neuroadaptive device which works on biofeedback mechanism. A case–control study was conducted on 24 patients of either sex with age group between 20 and 35 years of which 12 patients were diagnosed with trigeminal neuralgia and 12 with TMJ pain.

Aims:
To compare the effectiveness of SCENAR[™] and commercially available similar equipment in management of trigeminal neuralgia and TMJ pain.

Objective:
To assess the efficacy of SCENAR[™] in management of trigeminal neuralgia and TMJ pain.

Methods:
Diagnostic criteria for trigeminal neuralgia and TMJ pain were taken into consideration. The patients were divided into test and control groups. SCENAR[™] was used in the test group, and commercially available similar equipment was used in the control group. Pre- and post-treatment pain were recorded using the visual analogue scale. Statistical analysis was done using Chi-square tests (Pearson Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test).

Results:
The patient group treated with SCENAR[™] showed significant improvement in pain when compared to the control group. The patient group with trigeminal neuralgia showed an effective pain reduction of 79.12% and the patient group with TMJ pain showed 67.65% of pain reduction.

Conclusion:
The results obtained from our present study showed that we can incorporate SCENAR[™] as a treatment modality in the management of orofacial pain as it has fewer side effects and more patient compliance.