bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
eP128 New Doctors Cross-Specialty Induction Programme: A Closed Loop Quality Improvement Project at a Tertiary Acute Hospital in UK
Authors: Maharajh Sandeep , Allen Christopher , Tohfa Mohamed , Morton Rosemary , Mcintyre Iain , Chan Anthony 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Doctors in acute specialities are required to provide effective, timely and safe patient care. Human factors can make cross-speciality working challenging. Siloed departmental junior doctor inductions often do not promote effective multidisciplinary working across the on-call and emergency service provision. This quality improvement project (QIP) trials a joint specialty induction programme to promote collaboration, understanding and teamwork at one of the largest hospitals in the UK.

Methods
A pre-QIP structured survey was carried out to ascertain the induction experiences of the previous junior doctor rotation. A collaborative approach between surgical, medical and emergency (ED) departments were used to create a joint induction programme which was audited following its pilot.

Results
The joint induction programme shared the responsibilities for each speciality as well as the clinical, organisational and educational pressures that individuals may face, such as ED patient flow targets, or surgical logbook number targets. New components also detailed holistic support of residents, wellbeing and academic opportunities. The programme was piloted in August 2024. Most respondents (85%) agreed that the joint induction promoted a better understanding and greater teamwork within the hospital. More attendees rated the new induction as more effective than a departmental one.

Conclusion
This QIP demonstrates a joint induction programme to be an effective and collaborative approach for inducting new doctors in complex tertiary care centres. Together with increasing demands on NHS services and educational pressures on trainees, initiatives promoting better teamwork and hospital cohesion are particularly important within acute specialities.
eP133 What is the role of ICG in bowel surgery in the emergency setting with regards to predicting the requirement for stoma formation – A Systematic Review
Authors: Swe Thin Thin , Tjhin Yovita , Sheth Camy , Kulkarni Ankita , Pawa Nikhil 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Emergency bowel surgery presents an elevated risk of anastomotic leaks, attributed to factors such as comorbidities, sepsis, and inadequate pre-operative optimization. This heightened risk often results in a greater likelihood of stoma formation, which can lead to significant patient distress. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of Indocyanine Green (ICG) as a predictor for bowel resection and stoma requirement in emergency general surgery.

Methods
A systematic search was conducted on Embase and PubMed using the keywords: ICG, emergency, surgery, bowel, ischemia, and perfusion. Out of 266 articles identified, 32 original studies were included for analysis.

Results
A total of 308 individual cases were evaluated. Intra-operative visual findings were consistent with ICG perfusion results in 61% of cases (n=188). Two cases did not report ICG-intra-operative finding compatibility. In instances of discrepancy, ICG assessment led to altered surgical decisions in 47% (n=89) cases. Seven patients required further resection due to ongoing ischemia; notably, bowel resection was avoided in three patients despite ICG indicating poor perfusion. ICG predicted the bowel perfusion/viability in 302 cases, contributing to avoiding unnecessary resections in 21.7% (n=67) cases.

Conclusion
Our study showed that ICG can reliably indicate adequate bowel perfusion and therefore viability in 98% of emergency general surgery cases. ICG is a valuable predictor for the need for stoma formation in emergency surgical contexts. To explain the discrepancy between this result and reality, human decision-making bias is worth exploring.
Circular RNAs in the management of human osteoporosis
Authors: Gargano Giuseppe , Pagano Simona M , Maffulli Nicola 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Osteoporosis (OP) is a metabolic bone disease producing reduction in bone mass with consequent bone fragility. Circular ribonucleic acid (CircRNA) is a form of RNA that forms a loop structure rather than a linear one. CircRNA can be used for therapeutic purposes, including molecular targets or to test new therapies.

Sources of data
A systematic search of different databases to July 2024 was performed to define the role of circRNA in OP therapy. Seventeen suitable studies were identified.

Areas of agreement
CircRNAs may be useful in studying metabolic processes in OP and identify possible therapeutic targets and new drug therapies.

Areas of controversy
The metabolic processes involved in OP are regulated by many genes and cytokines that can be targeted by CircRNAs. However, it is not easy to predict whether the in vitro responses of the studied CircRNAs and their interaction with drugs are also applicable in vivo.

Growing points
Metabolic processes can be affected by gene dysregulation of CircRNAs on various growth factors. Areas timely for developing research: Despite the predictability of CircRNA pharmacological response in vitro, such pharmacological response cannot be expected to be replicated in vivo.

Data availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author.
Significant oligodendrocyte progenitor and microglial cell death is a feature of remyelination following toxin-induced experimental demyelination
Authors: Gaitsch Hallie , Assinck Peggy , Dimas Penelope , Zhao Chao , Morcom Laura , Rowitch David H , Reich Daniel S , Franklin Robin J M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The extent to which glial cell turnover features in successful remyelination is unclear. In this study, the rat caudal cerebellar peduncle-ethidium bromide lesion model was used to profile oligodendroglial and microglial/macrophage cell death and proliferation dynamics over the course of repair. Lesioned and control tissue was co-labelled with antibody markers for cell identity, proliferation, and apoptosis (TUNEL assay), then imaged at full thickness using confocal microscopy and quantified using custom CellProfiler pipelines. Early remyelination time points were marked by an increased density of total proliferating cells, including oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Late remyelination time points featured increased TUNEL+ oligodendrocyte progenitor cells: however, most TUNEL+ cells within remyelinating lesions were Iba1+ microglia/macrophages. These results indicate that repairing lesions are characterized by a high degree of glial cell death and suggest that monitoring cell death-related by-products might have clinical value in the setting of remyelination.
B cells recruitment promotes M2 macrophage polarization to inhibit inflammation during wound healing
Authors: Yin Yuye , Wu Shusheng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Wound healing causes heavy economic burdens for families and society, becoming a critical issue in the global healthcare system. While the role of immune cells in the wound healing process is well-established, the involvement of B cells remains poorly understood. This study aims to elucidate the essentiality of B cells in wound repair. Our findings demonstrate a rise in B cell population during the early stage of wound healing, which further intensifies during the later stage.

Methods
We employed anti-CD20 antibodies to deplete B cells in mice and created a whole skin excisional wound mice model, analyzing wound closure over 12 days. B cells were isolated from the animals’ spleen and co-cultured with macrophages from bone marrow. The polarization of M1 and M2 macrophages was analyzed by real-time qPCR and flow cytometry.

Results
The wound healing process in mice was observed to be considerably delayed following the elimination of B cells. The wounds exhibited a state of inflammation primarily characterized by the presence of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages. The decrease in M2 macrophages within the local wound area resulted in impairment of the wound repair mechanism. B cell-macrophage co-culture system revealed that B cells effectively induce the polarization of macrophages towards M2-like phenotype. Furthermore, we found that follicular B cells play predominant role in modulating the polarization of M2 macrophages.

Conclusion
Consequently, our findings indicate that B cells can be recruited to the wound site and facilitate the polarization of M2-like macrophages, thereby accelerating the healing process during wound healing.
A ticking time bomb? The impact of objective class and stratification beliefs on societal conflict perceptions in South Africa
Authors: Kirsten Frederich , Biyase Mduduzi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In South Africa, inequality has worsened over the past two decades, leading to the country being recognised as the most unequal society globally. The escalating inequality has sparked social conflicts, threatening the already fragile social cohesion. However, there is a limited understanding of public perceptions regarding these conflicts; it is crucial to comprehend their dynamics. To shed light on this issue, we used the International Social Survey Programme dataset for 2009 and 2019 to investigate the changing factors influencing perceived social conflict (PSC) in South Africa, specifically testing the role of objective class positions and stratification beliefs. Our findings reveal that objective class plays a significant and reinforced role in shaping perceptions of social conflict, aligning with the Marxist notion of a strong link between class position and conflict perceptions through class consciousness. Middle-class imagery does not affect PSC and tolerance for inequality and also exerts diminished influence on PSC. Overall, these results offer valuable insights for policymakers in their efforts to address the pressing issues of class, conflict and inequality. This is particularly true in the aftermath of the July 2021 unrest while South Africa continues to grapple with social instability caused by deep class divisions.
The political economy of philanthropy: Vidich’s contribution to a revamped intellectual endeavour
Authors: Ochoa-Carreno Lina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The prevailing approach to philanthropy among economists has revolved around individual giving behaviour. Although some elements for a political economy perspective to philanthropy were sketched by a few economists in the 60s and 70s, they were disjointed and such an approach never took off. This article reviews the early evolution of economic thinking on philanthropy and examines the ideas of sociologist Arthur Vidich, which provide relevant elements for the construction of a systemic, political economy framework to philanthropy. Building on Marxist analytical principles, Vidich offers some organising themes for the study of philanthropy from a sociologist’s viewpoint. However, the economic nature of this phenomenon is somewhat missing in his work and needs to be addressed. This article explores two major channels through which the contemporary economic dynamics affects philanthropy: the financialisation and the technological change, and calls for a comprehensive inclusion of philanthropy in the analysis of the economic system.
The heroes and killjoys of green megaprojects: a feminist critique
Authors: Eriksson Madeleine , Lundgren Anna Sofia , Eriksson Rikard H 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Using a broad range of materials (media and interviews), we analyse the development of three green megaprojects in the two northernmost regions of Sweden. We find support for the presence of a strong ideological fantasy tied to a few “green heroes”, supporting the notion that the investments are the ultimate answer not only to climate crisis but also to the territory’s perceived left-behindness. The symbolic construction of the fantasy also contributes to the production of killjoys through marginalizing and feminizing opposition to the megaprojects. Our analysis thereby points to the importance of a feminist intervention and critique of the neoliberal ideology that frames green megaprojects.
Filter-enhanced Contrast Variational AutoEncoders for sequential recommendation
Authors: Chen Zhijin , Lin Nankai , Yang Aimin , Zhou Dong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Data augmentation-based contrastive learning has been successfully employed in Variational AutoEncoders sequence recommendation systems to tackle the issue of data sparsity. Nevertheless, this strategy is generally less advantageous for tail users. The prospective transmission of information from head-to-tail users to alleviate long-tail impact is encouraging. However, data augmentation distorts the original sequence and embeds stochastic noise into latent variables, impeding the decoder’s capacity to accurately identify the user’s true preferences. In addition, contrastive learning seeks to achieve consistency in the latent variables of both the original and augmented data. However, the presence of noise in the augmented data might hamper the encoding of latent variables from the original data, especially impacting head users. In order to address these challenges, this work introduces a new sequence recommendation model called the Filter-enhanced Contrastive Variational Autoencoder (FeCVAE). It employs Fourier filters and adversarial attack training to minimize the impact of stochastic noise, thereby improving the quality of latent variables and facilitating more accurate decoder outputs. Moreover, a user enhancer is introduced to leverage knowledge from head users to empower tail users, thereby alleviating the long-tail effect. The efficacy of FeCVAE is demonstrated through comprehensive experiments across four benchmark datasets.
Atrial cardiomyocyte-restricted cleavage of gasdermin D promotes atrial arrhythmogenesis
Authors: Yuan Yue , Martsch Pascal , Chen Xiaohui , Martinez Enrique , Li Luge , Song Jia , Poppenborg Theresa , Bruns Florian , Kim Jong Hwan , Kamler Markus , Martin James F , Abu-Taha Issam , Dobrev Dobromir , Li Na 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background and Aims
Enhanced inflammatory signalling causally contributes to atrial fibrillation (AF) development. Gasdermin D (GSDMD) is an important downstream effector of several inflammasome pathways. However, the role of GSDMD, particularly the cleaved N-terminal (NT)-GSDMD, in non-immune cells remains elusive. This study aimed to elucidate the function of NT-GSDMD in atrial cardiomyocytes (ACMs) and determine its contribution to atrial arrhythmogenesis.

Methods
Human atrial appendages were used to assess the protein levels and localization. A modified adeno-associated virus 9 was employed to establish ACM-restricted overexpression of NT-GSDMD in mice.

Results
The cleavage of GSDMD was enhanced in ACMs of AF patients. Atrial cardiomyocyte-restricted overexpression of NT-GSDMD in mice increased susceptibility to pacing-induced AF. The NT-GSDMD pore formation facilitated interleukin-1β secretion from ACMs, promoting macrophage infiltration, while up-regulating ‘endosomal sorting complexes required for transport’-mediated membrane-repair mechanisms, which prevented inflammatory cell death (pyroptosis) in ACMs. Up-regulated NT-GSDMD directly targeted mitochondria, increasing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which triggered proarrhythmic calcium-release events. The NT-GSDMD-induced arrhythmogenesis was mitigated by the mitochondrial-specific antioxidant MitoTEMPO. A mutant NT-GSDMD lacking pore-formation capability failed to cause mitochondrial dysfunction or induce atrial arrhythmia. Genetic ablation of Gsdmd prevented spontaneous AF development in a mouse model.

Conclusions
These findings establish a unique pyroptosis-independent role of NT-GSDMD in ACMs and arrhythmogenesis, which involves ROS-driven mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial-targeted therapy, either by reducing ROS production or inhibition of GSDMD, prevents AF inducibility, positioning GSDMD as a novel therapeutic target for AF prevention.
Lactobacillus gasseri prevents ibrutinib-associated atrial fibrillation through butyrate
Authors: Shi Ling , Duan Yu , Fang Ning , Zhang Ning , Yan Sen , Wang Kunna , Hou Te , Wang Zhiqi , Jiang Xiaohui , Gao Qianhui , Zhang Song , Li Yue , Zhang Yun , Gong Yongtai 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Ibrutinib, a widely used anti-cancer drug, is known to significantly increase the susceptibility to atrial fibrillation (AF). While it is recognized that drugs can reshape the gut microbiota, influencing both therapeutic effectiveness and adverse events, the role of gut microbiota in ibrutinib-induced AF remains largely unexplored.

Method
Utilizing 16S rRNA gene sequencing, faecal microbiota transplantation, metabonomics, electrophysiological examination, and molecular biology methodologies, we sought to validate the hypothesis that gut microbiota dysbiosis promotes ibrutinib-associated AF and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Result
We found that ibrutinib administration pre-disposes rats to AF. Interestingly, ibrutinib-associated microbial transplantation conferred increased susceptibility to AF in rats. Notably, ibrutinib induced a significantly decrease in the abundance of Lactobacillus gasseri (L. gasseri), and oral supplementation of L. gasseri or its metabolite, butyrate (BA), effectively prevented rats from ibrutinib-induced AF. Mechanistically, BA inhibits the generation of reactive oxygen species, thereby ameliorating atrial structural remodelling. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ibrutinib inhibited the growth of L. gasseri by disrupting the intestinal barrier integrity.

Conclusion
Collectively, our findings provide compelling experimental evidence supporting the potential efficacy of targeting gut microbes in preventing ibrutinib-associated AF, opening new avenues for therapeutic interventions.
Designing supports for family and friends: outcomes from an Australian lived experience of suicide workshop
Authors: Ditton-Phare P , Skehan J , Clark M , Wilcox J , Fitzpatrick S 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study addresses the pivotal role of family and friends in supporting individuals experiencing suicidal distress. The research draws insights from a workshop at an Australian Lived Experience of Suicide Summit (2023) to explore how information and peer support should be presented and used in support programs and resources for family and friends supporting someone experiencing suicidal distress. The study engaged 52 delegates in an interactive workshop, comprising individuals with a lived experience of suicidal distress (30%), those bereaved by suicide (27%), family members or friends supporting someone with a lived experience of suicide (20%), sector representatives (16%) and others (7%). The workshop involved discussions on language, images, multimedia resources, key messages for programs and the integration of peer support. Content analysis categorized responses, and themes were ranked by popularity. Consensus emerged on preferred language referring to family and friends and those receiving support. Participants highlighted the importance of diversity in language, multimedia and images used in programs. This work helps to provide an understanding of family and friends’ preferences for language, media, imagery and messaging when considering developing programs for family and friends supporting someone in suicidal distress. Peer support was also acknowledged as valuable for family and friends, but further understanding of the format and implementation of peer support is needed. Adapting program content based on end-users’ advice is crucial for safety and engagement.
Patient safety is our business! Staff perspectives on implementing hospital falls prevention education
Authors: Loo Cheng Yen , Coulter Steffanie , Watson Carol , Vaz Sharmila , Morris Meg E , Flicker Leon , Weselman Tammy , Hill Anne-Marie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Providing patients with falls prevention education reduces falls in hospitals, yet there is limited research on what influences successful implementation at the staff, ward and hospital levels. We engaged hospital-based health professionals to identify multi-level barriers and enablers to patient falls education that could influence the implementation of a Safe Recovery program. Purposive sampling was used to recruit hospital staff (n = 40) for focus groups and one-on-one interviews. Data were analysed using content analysis and categorized using a socio-ecological framework to understand the micro, meso and macro level influences of hospital falls prevention. We identified five overarching themes, on the barriers and enablers to implementation of the Safe Recovery program. The enablers to falls prevention education included sharing the responsibility to implement the program, setting clear goals for staff, showing the impact of delivering the program, involving family to reinforce the messaging, using falls champions to upskill staff and making the resources (video and booklet) readily available to patients at all times. Barriers included insufficient time for staff to deliver falls prevention education, lack of falls prevention training for staff during their clinical training, absence of standardized protocols and clinical guidelines across hospital settings and insufficient hospital marketing to promote the program. Using a systems thinking approach, this study showed that implementation requires more advocacy and support for patient falls prevention across different tiers of the hospital system to integrate into usual care.
Big data twin recombination networks for grid low-carbon economic dispatch decision optimization
Authors: Liu Chang , Wu Jianfeng , Chen Yu , Wang Jianguo , Wang Tao , Hu Kairui , Wu Jianchao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
To improve the low-carbon economic dispatch, we introduced a big data twin recombination network for grid low-carbon economic dispatch decision optimization. we quantified the energy structure and corrected the linear regression of power loads to boost grid dispatch efficiency, and optimized the correlation between the scheduling of power generation facilities and economic operational strategies by mapping and decomposing, expediting the cyclic relevance of the dispatch decision model. Results demonstrated that our method can optimize decision-making for grid economic dispatch and establish reliable correlation analysis models concerning carbon emissions, grid operational costs, energy utilization efficiency, and power load matching precision.