bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Biologics in Subgroups of Axial Spondyloarthritis Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging and C‐Reactive Protein: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Karmacharya Paras , Gupta Sonia , Shahukhal Ravi , Khanal Raju , Murad M. Hassan , Gensler Lianne S. 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveTo determine if the efficacy of biologics differ based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) findings.MethodsWe compared four subgroups (MRI+/CRP+, MRI+/CRP−, MRI−/CRP+, MRI−/CRP−) from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). A comprehensive database search was performed to include axial spondylarthritis (axSpA; both radiographic axSpA [r‐axSpA] and nonradiographic axSpA [nr‐axSpA]) RCTs with treatment efficacy reported by different MRI and CRP subgroups. Study‐specific disease activity scores (at 12‐16 weeks) were pooled using a random‐effects model and compared between the four subgroups.ResultsFive trials (all nr‐axSpA) were included: three with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi, N = 729) and two with interleukin‐17 inhibitors (IL‐17i, N = 794). TNFi and IL‐17i showed efficacy based on the Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society 40 (ASAS40) and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index 50 (BASDAI50) in all MRI and CRP subgroups, except the CRP−/MRI− subgroup, which had a single study with only 39 patients. There was no statistically significant difference between the four subgroups in terms of patients achieving ASAS40 (P = 0.60, I2 = 0%) or BASDAI50 (P = 0.27, I2 = 23.9%). The number needed to treat was three for the CRP+/MRI+ and CRP+/MRI− subgroups and six for the CRP−/MRI+ and CRP−/MRI− subgroups. All trials had a low risk of bias. Between‐study heterogeneity was low to moderate. Sensitivity analyses comparing TNFi or IL‐17i versus placebo similarly showed no difference between subgroups in terms of ASAS40 (TNFi, P = 0.57; IL‐17i, P = 0.28) and BASDAI50 (TNFi, P = 0.37; IL‐17i, P = 0.18).ConclusionIn this systematic review, there was no statistically significant difference between the four subgroups in terms of efficacy based on ASAS40 or BASDAI50.
Carbon‐Encapsulated Magnetite Nanodoughnut as a NIR‐II Responsive Nanozyme for Synergistic Chemodynamic–Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Meng Xiangfu , Zhang Zonghui , Qian Yong , Wang Xingyu , Lin Yefeng , Shi Xinyi , Lin Wenchu , Zhang Miqin , Wang Hui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMagnetite‐based nanozymes have attracted great interest for catalytic cancer therapy enabled by catalyzing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to produce highly toxic hydroxyl radicals (•OH) to kill tumor cells. However, their therapeutic efficacies remain low due to insufficient •OH. Here, a light‐responsive carbon‐encapsulated magnetite nanodoughnuts (CEMNDs) with dual‐catalytic activities for photothermal‐enhanced chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is reported. The CEMNDs can accumulate in tumor and get into tumor cells and effectively act as peroxidase to convert H2O2 to •OH that causes tumor cell death. The CEMNDs also possess intrinsic glutathione oxidase‐like activity that which catalyzes the oxidation of reduced glutathione and produce lipid peroxidase for enhanced catalytic therapy. Furthermore, the CEMNDs can absorb 1064 nm light to elevate local temperature and increase release of Fe ions for photothermal therapy and enhanced CDT respectively. The in vivo experiments in an aggressive and drug‐resistant metastatic mouse model of triple negative breast cancer model demonstrate excellent synergistic anti‐tumor function and no measurable systemic toxicity of CEMNDs.
High‐Density Vertical Transistors with Pitch Size Down to 20 nm
Authors: Xiao Zhaojing , Liu Liting , Chen Yang , Lu Zheyi , Yang Xiaokun , Gong Zhenqi , Li Wanying , Kong Lingan , Ding Shuimei , Li Zhiwei , Lu Donglin , Ma Likuan , Liu Songlong , Liu Xiao , Liu Yuan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractVertical field effect transistors (VFETs) have attracted considerable interest for developing ultra‐scaled devices. In particular, individual VFET can be stacked on top of another and does not consume additional chip footprint beyond what is needed for a single device at the bottom, representing another dimension for high‐density transistors. However, high‐density VFETs with small pitch size are difficult to fabricate and is largely limited by the trade‐offs between drain thickness and its conductivity. Here, a simple approach is reported to scale the drain to sub‐10 nm. By combining 7 nm thick Au with monolayer graphene, the hybrid drain demonstrates metallic behavior with low sheet resistance of ≈100 Ω sq−1. By van der Waals laminating the hybrid drain on top of 3 nm thick channel and scaling gate stack, the total VFET pitch size down to 20 nm and demonstrates a higher on‐state current of 730 A cm−2. Furthermore, three individual VFETs together are vertically stacked within a vertical distance of 59 nm, representing the record low pitch size for vertical transistors. The method pushes the scaling limit and pitch size limit of VFET, opening up a new pathway for high‐density vertical transistors and integrated circuits.
Strain Engineering for Enhancing Carrier Mobility in MoTe2 Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Shafi Abde Mayeen , Uddin Md Gius , Cui Xiaoqi , Ali Fida , Ahmed Faisal , Radwan Mohamed , Das Susobhan , Mehmood Naveed , Sun Zhipei , Lipsanen Harri 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMolybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2) exhibits immense potential in post‐silicon electronics due to its bandgap comparable to silicon. Unlike other 2D materials, MoTe2 allows easy phase modulation and efficient carrier type control in electrical transport. However, its unstable nature and low‐carrier mobility limit practical implementation in devices. Here, a deterministic method is proposed to improve the performance of MoTe2 devices by inducing local tensile strain through substrate engineering and encapsulation processes. The approach involves creating hole arrays in the substrate and using atomic layer deposition grown Al2O3 as an additional back‐gate dielectric layer on SiO2. The MoTe2 channel is passivated with a thick layer of Al2O3 post‐fabrication. This structure significantly improves hole and electron mobilities in MoTe2 field‐effect transistors (FETs), approaching theoretical limits. Hole mobility up to 130 cm−2 V−1 s−1 and electron mobility up to 160 cm−2 V−1 s−1 are achieved. Introducing local tensile strain through the hole array enhances electron mobility by up to 6 times compared to the unstrained devices. Remarkably, the devices exhibit metal–insulator transition in MoTe2 FETs, with a well‐defined critical point. This study presents a novel technique to enhance carrier mobility in MoTe2 FETs, offering promising prospects for improving 2D material performance in electronic applications.
Multi‐Stability of the Extensible Origami Structures
Authors: Xi Kaili , Chai Sibo , Ma Jiayao , Chen Yan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMulti‐stable structures and metamaterials with more than two stable states are widely applied in diversified engineering applications. Non‐rigid foldable origami patterns have provided an effective way of designing multi‐stable structures. But most of them have only two stable states and therefore require a combination of many units to achieve multi‐stability. Here, a series of extensible origami structures are proposed with generic multi‐stability based on non‐rigid wrapping origami. Through a kinematic analysis and experiments, it is demonstrate that a sequential folding among different layers of the structures is created to generate a continuous rigid origami range and several discrete rigid origami states, which consequently leads to the multi‐stability of the extensible origami structures. Moreover, the effects of design parameters on the mechanical properties of the structures are investigated by numerical simulation, enabling properties programmability upon specific needs. This study thus paves a new pathway for the development of novel multi‐stable origami structures.
The smallest likely pathogenic duplication of a SOX9 enhancer identified to date in a family with 46,XX testicular differences of sex development
Authors: Sajan Samin A. , Brown Carolyn M. , Davis‐Keppen Laura , Burns Kaitlyn , Royer Erin , Coleman Jessica A. Cooley , Hilton Benjamin A. , DuPont Barbara R. , Perry Denise L. , Taft Ryan J. , Kesari Akanchha 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCopy number variants that duplicate distal upstream enhancer elements of the SOX9 gene cause 46,XX testicular differences of sex development (DSD) which is characterized by a 46,XX karyotype in an individual presenting with either ambiguous genitalia or genitalia with varying degrees of virilization, including those resembling typical male genitalia. Reported duplications in this region range in size from 24 to 780 kilobases (kb). Here we report a family with two affected individuals, the proband and his maternal uncle, harboring a 3.7 kb duplication of a SOX9 enhancer identified by clinical genome sequencing. Prior fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for SRY and a multi‐gene panel for ambiguous genitalia were non‐diagnostic. The unaffected mother also carries this duplication, consistent with previously described incomplete penetrance. To our knowledge, this is the smallest duplication identified to‐date, most of which resides in a 5.2 kb region that has been previously shown to possess enhancer activity that promotes the expression of SOX9. The duplication was confirmed by quantitative‐PCR and shown to be in tandem by bidirectional Sanger sequencing breakpoint analysis. This finding highlights the importance of non‐coding variant interrogation in suspected genetic disorders.
NDIS partnership working? Paradoxes, contested spaces and aspirations of disability leaders, family carers and disability services
Authors: David Christina , Johnson Belinda , Ramcharan Paul 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn 2022, a new Federal Labor government introduced an NDIA Act amendment and initiatives that indicate a reorientation to partnership working and integration of co‐design principles. “Partnership working” reflects collaborative aspirations where parties commit to trust, shared goals and respect for diverse knowledges and experiences. The National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) espouses a partnership approach and rights‐based values, yet the neoliberal emphasis on individual choice and marketisation within a social insurance model can privilege certain voices and produce adversarial processes and dynamics. Our focus group research with disability leaders, family carers and disability service professionals explored experiences in the NDIS planning phase with a focus on the extent to which partnership principles operated in practice. Our findings suggest embedded paradoxes; time and resources are required to build the trust and relationships central to interpersonal partnerships between individuals, carers and services but are undermined by organisational and structural factors such as workload pressures, administrative burden and adversarial practices produced in a cost containment context. Tensions in partnership working must also negotiate carers' workload and responsibilities with the autonomy of people with disability. We argue that partnership working is difficult to achieve where structural and systemic limitations and assumptions influence everyday practices. Partnership must operate from empowerment and relational, rather than transactional, principles if genuine participatory and inclusive practice is to be achieved.
Case series: The use of spermatic cord block in maximising patient comfort during ultrasound‐guided percutaneous core‐needle biopsy of the testicle
Authors: Dunlay Michael , Gu Chris , Adamo Daniel , Welch Brian , Packard Annie , Atwell Thomas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroduction/PurposePercutaneous core‐needle biopsy of the testicle has been shown to be a safe and effective method of obtaining tissue for histological analysis and can be considered in specific clinical scenarios. While the use of spermatic cord block has been shown to be effective in pain relief in the emergent setting and as an anaesthetic option for inguinal surgery, its use in percutaneous core‐needle biopsy has not been well described. Through this case series, we present our experience and technique of ultrasound‐guided percutaneous core‐needle biopsy using spermatic cord block in the setting of indeterminant testicular masses.MethodsOur departmental biopsy database was reviewed to identify patients who underwent percutaneous core‐needle biopsy of the testicle from March 2010 to July 2022 and who also received spermatic cord block during the procedure.ResultsThree patients were identified who met the search criteria. All three patients presented for the evaluation of indeterminant testicular mass and had a known non‐testicular primary cancer diagnosis at the time of biopsy. All three biopsies were performed using a combination of spermatic cord block, moderate sedation, and local anaesthetic. Biopsies were obtained using an 18‐gauge spring‐loaded device with 4‐5 core samples obtained during each procedure. All biopsies were well tolerated without significant pain or post‐procedure complications.DiscussionUltrasound‐guided percutaneous core‐needle testicular biopsy using spermatic cord block is a safe and effective option in sampling indeterminate testicular masses while maintaining patient comfort.ConclusionThe inclusion of a spermatic cord block in combination with local anaesthetic and moderate sedation has become standard practice in our institution, as we believe this maximises patient comfort and safety resulting in a better patient experience.
Associations of inner retinal layers with risk of incident dementia: An individual participant data analysis of four prospective cohort studies
Authors: van der Heide Frank C. T. , Khawaja Anthony , Berendschot Tos T. J. M. , Littlejohns Thomas J. , Kuźma Elżbieta , Luben Robert , Patel Praveen J. , Foster Paul J. ,   The Maastricht Study Consortium, Bertelsen Geir , von Hanno Therese , Johnsen Bente , Schirmer Henrik , Rebouças Sara C. L. , Grasset Leslie , Delcourt Cécile , Helmer Catherine ,   UK Biobank Eye & Vision Consortium,   E3 consortium, Stehouwer Coen D. A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONOur main objective was to investigate whether retinal neurodegeneration, estimated from lower thickness of inner retinal layers, was associated with incident all‐cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD).METHODSWe performed an individual participant data meta‐analysis using unpublished data from four prospective cohort studies with a total of 69,955 participants (n = 1087 cases of incident all‐cause dementia; n = 520 cases incident AD; follow‐up time median [interquartile range] 11.3 [8.8–11.5] years).RESULTSGeneral baseline characteristics of the study population were mean (standard deviation) age, 58.1 (8.8) years; 47% women. After adjustment, lower baseline macular retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was significantly associated with a 10% and 11% higher incidence of all‐cause dementia and AD, respectively. Lower baseline macular ganglion cell‐inner plexiform layer thickness was not significantly associated with these outcomes.DISCUSSIONThese findings suggest that retinal neurodegeneration precedes the onset of clinical dementia. Retinal imaging tools may be informative biomarkers for the study of the early pathophysiology of dementia.
Nanostructure Explains the Behavior of Slippery Covalently Attached Liquid Surfaces
Authors: Gresham Isaac J. , Lilley Seamus G. , Nelson Andrew R. J. , Koynov Kaloian , Neto Chiara 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSlippery covalently‐attached liquid surfaces (SCALS) with low contact angle hysteresis (CAH, <5°) and nanoscale thickness display impressive anti‐adhesive properties, similar to lubricant‐infused surfaces. Their efficacy is generally attributed to the liquid‐like mobility of the constituent tethered chains. However, the precise physico‐chemical properties that facilitate this mobility are unknown, hindering rational design.This work quantifies the chain length, grafting density, and microviscosity of a range of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) SCALS, elucidating the nanostructure responsible for their properties. Three prominent methods are used to produce SCALS, with characterization carried out via single‐molecule force measurements, neutron reflectometry, and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. CO2 snow‐jet cleaning was also shown to reduce the CAH of SCALS via a modification of their grafting density. SCALS behavior can be predicted by reduced grafting density, Σ, with the lowest water CAH achieved at Σ≈2. This study provides the first direct examination of SCALS grafting density, chain length, and microviscosity and supports the hypothesis that SCALS properties stem from a balance of layer uniformity and mobility.
Hybrid Sub‐1 nm Nanosheets of Co‐assembled MnZnCuOx and Polyoxometalate Clusters as Anodes for Li‐ion Batteries
Authors: Yuan Guobao , Ge Huaiyun , Shi Wenxiong , Liu Junli , Zhang Yu , Wang Xun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTransition metal oxide (TMO) anode materials in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) usually suffer from serious volume expansion leading to the pulverization of structures, further giving rise to lower specific capacity and worse cycling stability. Herein, by introducing polyoxometalate (POM) clusters into TMOs and precisely controlling the amount of POMs, the MnZnCuOx‐phosphomolybdic acid hybrid sub‐1 nm nanosheets (MZC‐PMA HSNSs) anode is successfully fabricated, where the special electron rich structure of POMs is conducive to accelerating the migration of lithium ions on the anode to obtain higher specific capacity, and the non‐covalent interactions between POMs and TMOs make the HSNSs possess excellent structural and chemical stability, thus exhibiting outstanding electrochemical performance in LIBs, achieving a high reversible capacity (1157 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1) and an admirable long‐term cycling stability at low and high current densities.
Die Stärke von Action Plots: Untersuchung der Reaktionsselektivität lichtstabilisierter dynamischer kovalenter Chemie
Authors: Gauci Steven C. , Du Prez Filip E. , Holloway Joshua O. , Houck Hannes A. , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDie Entwicklung von sog. „Action Plots“ ermöglicht effizientere photochemische Prozesse durch Verwendung der optimalen Wellenlänge und damit der maximalen Reaktivität der Substrate. Wir präsentieren hier die Vorteile solcher Action Plots anhand der wellenlängenaufgelösten Photochemie zweier Triazolindion (TAD)‐Substrate, d. h. aliphatisch und aromatisch substituierter Substrate, die nahezu identische Absorptionsspektren, jedoch eine sehr unterschiedliche Photoreaktivität, aufweisen. Wir stellen unsere Ergebnisse in Action Plots dar, in welchen sich die Reaktionsselektivität zeigt. Der fundamentale Unterschied in der Photoreaktivität wird für die Entwicklung eines hybriden bisfunktionalen TAD‐Moleküls ausgenutzt, das die Bildung eines zweifach gesteuerten Reaktionpfades ermöglicht, welcher das außergewöhnliche regioselektive (photo)chemische Verhalten beider TAD‐Substrate innerhalb eines einzigen kleinen Moleküls vereint.
Facile, Versatile and Stepwise Synthesis of High‐Performance Oligomer Acceptors for Stable Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Chen , Song Jiali , Xue Jingwei , Wang Shijie , Ge Zhongwei , Man Yuheng , Ma Wei , Sun Yanming 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOligomer acceptors have recently emerged as promising photovoltaic materials for achieving high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and long‐term stability in organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the limited availability of diverse acceptors, resulting from the sole synthetic approach, has hindered their potential for future industrialization. In this study, we present a facile and effective stepwise approach that utilizes two consecutive Stille coupling reactions for the synthesis of oligomer acceptors. To demonstrate the feasibility of the novel approach, we successfully synthesize a trimer acceptor, Tri‐Y6‐OD, and further systematically investigate the impact of oligomerization on device performance and stability. The results reveal that this approach has significant advantages compared to the conventional method, including reduced formation of unwanted by‐products and lower difficulties in purification. Remarkably, the OSC based on PM6 : Tri‐Y6‐OD achieves an impressive PCE of 18.03 % and maintains 80 % of the initial PCE (T80) for 1523 h under illumination, surpassing the performance of the corresponding small molecule acceptor Y6‐OD‐based device. Furthermore, the versatility of the synthetic strategy in obtaining diverse acceptors is further demonstrated. Overall, our findings provide a facile, versatile and stepwise way for synthesizing oligomer acceptors, thereby facilitating the development of stable and efficient OSCs.
Anion‐Regulated Hierarchical Self‐Assembly and Chiral Induction of Metallo‐Tetrahedra
Authors: Bai Qixia , Guan Yu‐Ming , Wu Tun , Liu Ying , Zhai Zirui , Long Qingwu , Jiang Zhiyuan , Su Peiyang , Xie Ting‐Zheng , Wang Pingshan , Zhang Zhe 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe precise control over hierarchical self‐assembly of superstructures relying on the elaboration of multiple noncovalent interactions between basic building blocks is both elusive and highly desirable. We herein report a terpyridine‐based metallo‐cage T with a tetrahedral motif and utilized it as an efficient building block for the controlled hierarchical self‐assembly of superstructures in response to different halide ions. Initially, the hierarchical superstructure of metallo‐cage T adopted a hexagonal close‐packed structure. By adding Cl−/Br− or I−, drastically different hierarchical superstructures with highly‐tight hexagonal packing or graphite‐like packing arrangements, respectively, have been achieved. These unusual halide‐ion‐triggered hierarchical structural changes resulted in quite distinct intermolecular channels, which provided new insights into the mechanism of three‐dimensional supramolecular aggregation and crystal growth based on macromolecular construction. In addition, the chiral induction of the metallo‐cage T can be realized with the addition of chiral anions, which stereoselectively generated either PPPP‐ or MMMM‐type enantiomers.
Recent Advances in Ligand Engineering for Gold Nanocluster Catalysis: Ligand Library, Ligand Effects and Strategies
Authors: Wang Mengyue , Chen Yu , Tang Cen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAdvances in new ligands in the last decade facilitated in‐depth studies on the property‐relationship of gold nanoclusters and promoted the rational synthesis and related applications of such materials. Currently, more and more new ligands are being explored; thus, the ligand library of AuNCs is being expanded fast, which also enables investigation of ligand effects of AuNCs via direct comparison of different ligating shell with the identical gold core. It is now widely accepted that ligands influence the properties of AuNCs enormously including stability, catalysis, photoluminescence among others. These studies inspired ligand engineering of AuNCs. One of the goals for ligand engineering is to develop ligated AuNC catalysts in which the ligands are able to exert big‐enough influence on electronic and steric control over catalysis as in a transition‐metal or an enzyme system. Although increasing attention is paid to the further expansion of ligand library, the investigation of design principles and strategies regarding ligands are still in their infant stage. This review summarizes the ligands for AuNC synthesis, the ligand effects on stability and catalysis, and recently developed strategies in promoting AuNC catalytic performance via ligand manipulation.