bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Socioeconomic Inequality of Health Behavior Among Japanese Adolescents: A 2-Year Repeated Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Kyan Akira , Takakura Minoru 
Published: April 2023

Background: Although disparities in socioeconomic status in health behaviors have been highlighted globally, they are not well understood in Japanese adolescents. The purpose of this study was to clarify the changes in socioeconomic disparities in adolescents’ fundamental health behaviors, such as physical activity, screen time (ST), sleep, breakfast intake, and bowel movement before and during COVID-19. Methods: This was a repeated cross-sectional study which used data from the 2019 and 2021 National Sports-Life Survey of Children and Young in Japan. Data of 766 and 725 participants in 2019 and 2021, respectively, were analyzed. Favorable health behaviors were defined as daily moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) of at least 60 minutes, ST of less than 2 hours, sleep of 8 to 10 hours, daily breakfast intake, and bowel movement frequency of at least once in every 3 days. We calculated the slope index of inequality and relative index of inequality in each health behavior for equivalent household income levels for assessing absolute and relative economic inequalities. Results: Compliance with MVPA and ST recommendation significantly declined from 20.1% and 23.0% in 2019 to 11.7% and 14.9% in 2021, respectively. The slope index of inequality and relative index of inequality increased in MVPA for income levels, but decreased in daily breakfast in 2019 to 2021. Although the widening and narrowing of the disparity were inconclusive for ST, it exacerbated for the higher-income groups. Conclusions: Our study revealed widening of economic disparities in the achievement of recommended MVPA and narrowing of it in breakfast intake among adolescents before and during COVID-19.
Extreme serpentinization and desulfurization in an early Earth setting
Authors: Clay Patricia L. , Day James M.D. , Busemann Henner , Bonnand Pierre , Burgess Ray , Hornsey Richard A. , Ash Richard D. , Moynier Frédéric , O’Driscoll Brian 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The ca. 3.5 Ga Bon Accord Ni deposit was located in the Barberton Greenstone Belt of the Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa, and contained a unique assemblage of Ni-rich minerals including trevorite (NiFe2O4). It was initially interpreted as a metamorphosed extraterrestrial body, recently ruled out by Cr isotope data, and subsequently as a fragment of the Archean Earth’s core. More recent suggestions have highlighted similarities between Bon Accord and Archean magmatic sulfide mineralization. We present a geochemical (rare earth element [REE], halogen, and highly siderophile element [HSE] abundance) and isotopic (noble gases, Zn, Cr, and Re-Os) study to elucidate the origin of this enigmatic body. Bon Accord is enriched in the REE relative to primitive mantle (PM), with a pattern resembling that of Aldepleted komatiites. The bulk material has &gt;10 × PM Os and Ir, &gt;100 × PM Ru, Pt, Pd, and Re, and radiogenic 187Os/188Os. Trevorite, silicates, and two bulk-rock samples are consistent with chondritic to sub-chondritic initial 187Os/188Os at the time of formation. The new REE data implicate a komatiite precursor in the formation of Bon Accord, and the HSE data bear striking similarities to those of Ni-enriched Archean magmatic sulfide deposits. Enrichment in the heavier Zn isotopes supports desulfurization of a sulfide (isotopically light) deposit during serpentinization to produce the trevorite-dominated body. We conservatively estimate this process could have mobilized as much as ~9.2 × 104 tonnes of H2S, offering an intriguing possibility for sourcing of the sulfur that fixes the historically important gold mineralization in the Barberton Greenstone Belt.
Deep-learning automated quantification of longitudinal OCT scans demonstrates reduced RPE loss rate, preservation of intact macular area and predictive value of isolated photoreceptor degeneration in geographic atrophy patients receiving C3 inhibition treatment
Authors: Fu Dun Jack , Glinton Sophie , Lipkova Veronika , Faes Livia , Liefers Bart , Zhang Gongyu , Pontikos Nikolas , McKeown Alex , Scheibler Lukas , Patel Praveen J , Keane Pearse A , Balaskas Konstantinos 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveTo evaluate the role of automated optical coherence tomography (OCT) segmentation, using a validated deep-learning model, for assessing the effect of C3 inhibition on the area of geographic atrophy (GA); the constituent features of GA on OCT (photoreceptor degeneration (PRD), retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) loss and hypertransmission); and the area of unaffected healthy macula.To identify OCT predictive biomarkers for GA growth.MethodsPost hoc analysis of the FILLY trial using a deep-learning model for spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT) autosegmentation. 246 patients were randomised 1:1:1 into pegcetacoplan monthly (PM), pegcetacoplan every other month (PEOM) and sham treatment (pooled) for 12 months of treatment and 6 months of therapy-free monitoring. Only participants with Heidelberg SD-OCT were included (n=197, single eye per participant).The primary efficacy endpoint was the square root transformed change in area of GA as complete RPE and outer retinal atrophy (cRORA) in each treatment arm at 12 months, with secondary endpoints including RPE loss, hypertransmission, PRD and intact macular area.ResultsEyes treated PM showed significantly slower mean change of cRORA progression at 12 and 18 months (0.151 and 0.277 mm, p=0.0039; 0.251 and 0.396 mm, p=0.039, respectively) and RPE loss (0.147 and 0.287 mm, p=0.0008; 0.242 and 0.410 mm, p=0.00809). PEOM showed significantly slower mean change of RPE loss compared with sham at 12 months (p=0.0313). Intact macular areas were preserved in PM compared with sham at 12 and 18 months (p=0.0095 and p=0.044). PRD in isolation and intact macula areas was predictive of reduced cRORA growth at 12 months (coefficient 0.0195, p=0.01 and 0.00752, p=0.02, respectively)ConclusionThe OCT evidence suggests that pegcetacoplan slows progression of cRORA overall and RPE loss specifically while protecting the remaining photoreceptors and slowing the progression of healthy retina to iRORA.
Explaining COVID-19 mortality among immigrants in Sweden from a social determinants of health perspective (COVIS): protocol for a national register-based observational study
Authors: Juárez Sol Pia , Honkaniemi Helena , Aradhya Siddartha , Debiasi Enrico , Katikireddi Srinivasa Vittal , Cederström Agneta F , Mussino Eleonora , Rostila Mikael 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionAdopting a social determinants of health perspective, this project aims to study how disproportionate COVID-19 mortality among immigrants in Sweden is associated with social factors operating through differential exposure to the virus (eg, by being more likely to work in high-exposure occupations) and differential effects of infection arising from socially patterned, pre-existing health conditions, differential healthcare seeking and inequitable healthcare provision.Methods and analysisThis observational study will use health (eg, hospitalisations, deaths) and sociodemographic information (eg, occupation, income, social benefits) from Swedish national registers linked using unique identity numbers. The study population includes all adults registered in Sweden in the year before the start of the pandemic (2019), as well as individuals who immigrated to Sweden or turned 18 years of age after the start of the pandemic (2020). Our analyses will primarily cover the period from 31 January 2020 to 31 December 2022, with updates depending on the progression of the pandemic. We will evaluate COVID-19 mortality differences between foreign-born and Swedish-born individuals by examining each mechanism (differential exposure and effects) separately, while considering potential effect modification by country of birth and socioeconomic factors. Planned statistical modelling techniques include mediation analyses, multilevel models, Poisson regression and event history analyses.Ethics and disseminationThis project has been granted all necessary ethical permissions from the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (Dnr 2022-0048-01) for accessing and analysing deidentified data. The final outputs will primarily be disseminated as scientific articles published in open-access peer-reviewed international journals, as well as press releases and policy briefs.
Affordability of cigarettes in ten Southeastern European countries between 2008 and 2019
Authors: Zubović Jovan , Zdravković Aleksandar , Jovanović Olivera , Djukić Mihajlo , Vladisavljević Marko 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundThe empirical evidence shows that tobacco consumption is strongly associated with its affordability. The nominal growth in tobacco prices imposed by taxation should exceed or at least keep pace with nominal income growth, ensuring that tobacco products become less affordable over time. No analysis covering affordability issues in the Southeastern European (SEE) region has been conducted prior to this research.ObjectivesThe study aims to examine trends in cigarette affordability in ten selected SEE countries over the period 2008–2019 and the impact of affordability on the consumption of cigarettes. On the policy side, it aims to support conducting of more effective evidence-based policy of tobacco taxation.MethodsThe relative income price of cigarettes and the tobacco affordability index are used as affordability measures. The panel regression was run to estimate the impact of affordability measures and other covariates on cigarette consumption.ResultsThe affordability of cigarettes in the selected SEE countries has decreased on average but showed different patterns over the observed period. A decline in affordability has been more dynamic in Western Balkan (non-EU members) countries and low-and-middle-income countries within the SEE region. Econometric estimation confirms affordability as the main determinant of tobacco consumption, indicating that a decline in affordability considerably reduces tobacco consumption.ConclusionsDespite the evidence, affordability is still widely ignored by SEE policymakers when designing national tobacco taxation policies. Policymakers should be aware of the risk that future increases in cigarette prices could lag behind real income growth, making tax policy less effective at reducing consumption. Reducing affordability should be the paramount consideration in designing effective tobacco taxation policies.
Patterns of poly tobacco use among adults in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study, 2013–2017: a multistate Markov transition analysis
Authors: Shafie Khorassani Fatema , Brouwer Andrew F , Hirschtick Jana L , Jeon Jihyoun , Jimenez-Mendoza Evelyn , Meza Rafael , Fleischer Nancy L 
Published: April 2023

Background
A better understanding of sociodemographic transition patterns between single, dual and poly tobacco product use may help improve tobacco control policy interventions.

Methods
HRs of transition between never, non-current (no past 30-day use), cigarette, e-cigarette, other combustible, smokeless tobacco (SLT), dual and poly tobacco use states in adults were estimated for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education and income using a multistate model for waves 1–4 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study (2013–2017), a US-based cohort study, accounting for complex survey design.

Results
Sole cigarette and SLT use were persistent, with 77% and 78% of adults continuing use after one wave. Other use states were more transient, with 29%–48% of adults reporting the same pattern after one wave. If single-product users transitioned, it was most likely to non-current use while dual or poly cigarette users were most likely to transition to exclusive cigarette use. Males were more likely than females to initiate combustible product use after a history of no use, and after a period of tobacco use cessation. Hispanic and non-Hispanic black participants initiated cigarette use at higher rates than non-Hispanic white participants, and had higher rates of experimentation with tobacco products between study waves. Lower socioeconomic status was associated with higher rates of transition into combustible tobacco use.

Conclusions
Dual and poly tobacco use is largely transient, while single-use patterns are more stable over time. Transitions differ by age, sex, race/ethnicity, education and income, which may influence the impact of current and future tobacco control efforts.
On a neutral Dirac particle interacting with a magnetic field in a topological defect space-time and its hidden supersymmetry
Authors: Zare Soroush , Hassanabadi Hassan , Junker Georg 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we study the relativistic quantum dynamics of a neutral Dirac particle with a permanent magnetic dipole moment that interacts with an external magnetic field in the background space-time of a linear topological defect called spiral dislocation. The generalized Dirac wave equation is derived from the full action of that model involving the Lagrangian density of the Dirac spinor field in the background and the interaction model. The energy eigenvalues and corresponding wave functions are found in closed form by reducing the problem to that of a non-relativistic particle moving freely on a plane with a hole at the origin whose radius is determined by the defect parameter. In the limit of vanishing external magnetic field we are also able to establish a hidden SUSY structure of the underlying Dirac Hamiltonian allowing us to discuss the non-relativistic limit in some detail.
4-Free Strong Digraphs with the Maximum Size
Authors: Zhang Qifan , Xu Liqiong , Lin Yuqing 
Published: April 2023

Directed cycles in digraphs are useful in embedding linear arrays and rings, and are suitable for designing simple algorithm with low communication costs in parallel computer systems, thus the existence of directed cycles on digraphs has been largely investigated. Let [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] be integers. Bermond et al. [Journal of Graph Theory 4(3) (1980) 337–341] proved that if the size of a strong digraph [Formula: see text] with order [Formula: see text] is at least [Formula: see text], then the girth of [Formula: see text] is no more than [Formula: see text]. Consequently, when [Formula: see text] is a 4-free strong digraph with order [Formula: see text], which means that every directed cycle in [Formula: see text] has length at least [Formula: see text], then the maximum size of [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we mainly give the structural characterizations for all 4-free strong digraphs of order [Formula: see text] whose arc number exactly is [Formula: see text].
Auctions and Negotiations in Housing Price Dynamics
Authors: Genesove David , Hansen James 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We shed light on housing price inertia by investigating how the home-sale mechanism affects housing price dynamics. Using Australian data, we find that auction prices forecast better and display less momentum than negotiated prices. These findings are robust to alternative price measurements and different sample selection corrections. Motivated by micro-theory that predicts different weights for buyer and seller values in auction and negotiated prices, we decompose housing prices into two diffusion processes and interpret them as buyer value and seller value, respectively. The seller value updates much more slowly, which could be an important driver of housing price inertia.
Predator and duck behaviours at depredated nests in wetlands of Great Salt Lake, Utah
Authors: Bell Mark E. , Conover Michael R. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Nest depredation is one of the greatest threats posed to ground-nesting ducks. We employed cameras to monitor 164 duck nests (71 cinnamon teal, Spatula cyanoptera, 44 gadwall, Mareca strepera, 38 mallard, Anas platyrhynchos, and 11 nests of unknown species) in the wetlands surrounding Great Salt Lake, from 2015–2021. Of the 164 nests, 21% were successful, 73% were depredated and 7% were abandoned. We observed predators at 99 of the 119 depredated nests; predators at 20 nests went undetected. Raccoons (Procyon lotor, depredated nests) and striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis, ) were the most common of the 99 nest predators recorded. Other predators that depredated nests included long-tailed weasels (Mustela frenata), northern harriers (Circus hudsonius), California gulls (Larus californicus), Sandhill cranes (Antigone canadensis), common ravens (Corvus corax), coyotes (Canis latrans) and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). Neither the number of eggs removed per depredation event nor the number of eggs remaining varied by predator species. Depredated nests were easier for predators to find than undisturbed, incubated nests, resulting in 68% of depredated nests being visited by multiple predators. All hens detected the approach of a predator and flushed before the predator reached the nest; no hens attempted to defend their nest or attack the predator. Only 21% of hens returned to their depredated nest, and those that did remained off their nest an average of 33 h and 23 h after their nest was depredated by a raccoon or skunk, respectively. Seventeen percent of hens resumed incubation of their depredated nest, but only 1 nest to which a hen returned successfully hatched an egg. Depredation events of raccoons and skunks were not distributed randomly during the 24-hour day, but rather occurred most often during the night and nautical twilight, and rarely during the day. Depredation events of avian predators occurred during the day, rarely during twilight, and none during the night. Depredation events during the night were more likely when the wind was calm but temperature, humidity, and actual moon illumination had no impact. Depredation events by skunks and raccoons occurred more often during the 1st and 4th phases of the moon (new moon) than in the 2nd or 3rd phase.
The Conception of Woman in the Thought of Maharal of Prague
Authors: Alcoloumbre Thierry J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Recent research has criticized medieval Jewish thought for perpetuating misogynist models inherited from Aristotle, which legitimate men’s domination of women. Critics have focused on hylomorphism. By identifying man with “form” and women with “matter,” Aristotle and his disciples placed the former beside being, intellect, and activity, and the latter beside privation, irrationality, and passivity. This article shows how, during the Renaissance, hylomorphism was transformed by Judah Loew ben Betzalel (Maharal of Prague; 1512?–1609) in a manner more favorable to women. Maharal’s thought still has a patriarchal worldview; nevertheless, he recognizes a positive value to matter, the body, and sexuality, assigning woman an active role within the marital couple as well as in the historical process that leads to redemption.
Brain Drain, Brain Gain and Brain Circulation: Emerging Trends and Patterns of Chinese Transnational Talent Mobility
Authors: Wong (黄伟民) Lloyd L. , Guo (郭世宝) Shibao 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Four decades ago, in the 1980s, network analysis did not anticipate the growing importance of transnational and diasporic communities “embedded” in more than one country. The integrating theoretical framework of transnational social mobilities is adopted for this article on Chinese talent mobility in the diaspora with a focus on the mobilities between China and countries in the OECD. By examining macro migration data within the OECD, we analyze emerging trends and patterns of the movement of highly skilled Chinese transnational talent. In light of China’s rising economic power and the concomitant growth of a Chinese transnational diaspora, we trace the trajectory of China’s brain drain, brain gain and brain circulation in OECD countries over the past forty years. Chinese talent mobility in the new economy consists of “transnational circuits” characterized by the circulation of goods, people, knowledge and information. This article theorizes the new modality of “circulation” in terms of transnational social mobilities.
The Mother of the Revolution
Authors: Cheng (钟逸明) Yi Meng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
While the Kuomintang leadership propagated the myth of the “overseas Chinese as the mother of the revolution” for their own political ends, the myth was quickly internalized by overseas Chinese themselves. The process of internalization underwent three stages: from acceptance during the late 1920s to self-proclamation as the “mother of the revolution” and directing criticisms at the KMT during the late 1940s, to even extending this sense of entitlement to the CCP during the post-1949 period. By exploring the agency enjoyed by overseas Chinese, this article aims to examine how the myth of the “overseas Chinese as the mother of the revolution” was transformed into political capital for the KMT’s overseas work, even in ways that the KMT leadership could not have envisaged nearly half a century earlier.
Blasphemy against the Holy Spirit: Rejecting the Sign of the Covenant
Authors: Callaham Scott N. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
One of the notorious interpretive cruces within the Synoptic Gospels concerns blasphemy against the Holy Spirit. According to Jesus, this sin stands apart from and above all others as an unforgivable offense. Attempts to explain the internal logic of these sayings and their place within Jesus’s teaching have left New Testament scholarship at an impasse. The present study advances a fresh perspective: that blasphemy against the Holy Spirit means radically rejecting the sign of the New Covenant, hence the offender experiences the covenant sanction of irrevocably being “cut off.”
Mutual Influences in Orthodox Missions among the Nanai People in the Russian Far East
Authors: Dalles Maréchal Anne 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Among the Nanai in the Russian Far-East, the Russian Orthodox Church has been conducting missions in two villages since 2011. In this article, I analyze the usage of Nanai iconography in the printed Gospel of Luke and of oral myths to tell the Nanai version of the Christian message. A specific Nanai Christianity is thus perceptible, rooted within shamanism, that is, the emic perception of powerful forces at play in the world, with whom humans are in constant negotiations. Based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in the Amur region, this analysis will highlight the Indigenous agency in the appropriation of the Christian doctrine.
“We Are Descendants of the Buddha”
Authors: Geary David , Kumar Manish 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Although the spread of Buddhism and the transmission of dhamma beyond its place of origins have been taking place for many centuries, these instantiations abroad are once again taking root in the homeland through a form of return globalization. Focusing on the Youth Buddhist Society of India, we examine the creative and pragmatic ways in which Indian youth are reclaiming the Shakya identity and ancestry associated with the historical Buddha for their low caste-community at the Buddhist sacred site of Sankissa. Central to these emergent forms of social and ethical self-engagement is the importance of Buddhist education and access to global and transnational religious networks as a source of cultural empowerment.
Voluntarism and Coercion
Authors: Bok Jared 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Research on Franciscan missionaries in California has traditionally either emphasized or excused their use of physical violence on indigenous people. This paper adopts a “boundaries” approach to highlight and explain how Franciscans were able to both advocate for and eschew physical coercion on the same target audience without any perceived contradiction. The paper argues that unidirectional group boundaries, often mundane and unproblematic, may, in some instances, validate a paradoxical combination of external voluntarism and internal coercion when employed institutionally. The study concludes with a discussion of the relevance of these theoretical concepts to religion and coercion in contemporary society.