bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological and immunological markers of repeated heart remodeling after surgical reconstruction of the left ventricle in ischemic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Shipulin Vladimir M , Andreev Sergey L , Belyaeva Sofia A , Pryakhin Andrey S , Sukhodolo Irina V , Chumakova Svetlana P 
Published: February 2023

Introduction Effective treatment of patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) is one of the most challenging issues in modern cardiac surgery. The aim of this study was to assess the state of cardiomyocytes and myocardial extracellular matrix, as well as to identify informative markers of an unfavorable prognosis for surgical treatment of ICM. Materials and methods We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent surgical treatment of ICM between 2011 and 2018 at a single center. Patients were divided into groups depending on the presence of repeated left ventricle (LV) remodeling in one-year follow-up after surgical reconstruction of the LV in ICM patients. Results A total of 45 patients with ICM were reviewed. The mean age of the patients was 57.9 ± 7.8 years. According to the results of the study, the area of cardiomyocyte nuclei differed statistically significantly among the regions with varying degrees of impaired local contractility ( p = 0.042). According to the results of the pairwise comparison in dyskinetic areas of the myocardium, the area of cardiomyocyte nuclei was higher than in normokinetic areas ( p = 0.042). A moderate positive correlation was found between the LV ejection fraction measured in one-year follow-up period after surgery and the number of CD163-positive cells ( p = 0.012). Conclusion In the myocardium of patients with LV reverse remodeling in the long-term postoperative period, perivascular fibrosis occurs more frequently than in patients with progressive LV remodeling. The number of M2-anti-inflammatory macrophages prevails in the myocardium of the patients with reverse remodeling compared with patients with progressive remodeling.
Functional and Structural Outcomes After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair With or Without Preoperative Corticosteroid Injections
Authors: Feng Sijia , Li Huizhu , Zhong Yuting , Xie Yuxue , Chen Jun , Chen Yuzhou , Chen Shiyi 
Published: February 2023

Background: Corticosteroid injections (CSIs) are effective in alleviating pain in patients with rotator cuff tears, but controversy still exists regarding their potential adverse effects on clinical outcomes after rotator cuff repair. Purpose: To compare both the functional and the structural outcomes in patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with or without preoperative CSIs. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out among patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair for partial- and full-thickness tears between 2015 and 2019. The patients who received preoperative CSIs were included in the CSI group and compared with a group without preoperative CSIs (non-CSI group), matched at a ratio of 1:2 based on tear size, age, and follow-up time. Both functional evaluation and structural assessments using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed at the final follow-up. Clinical outcomes—including retear rate as the primary outcome; pain; functional scores including the Constant-Murley score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, and Fudan University Shoulder Score; range of motion (ROM); tendon integrity; tendon healing type; and cartilage thickness—were compared between the 2 groups with a statistical significance of P < .05 and power of 0.9. Results: Thirty-one patients were included in the CSI group, and 62 were included in the non-CSI group. After a mean 3-year follow-up, the 2 groups demonstrated no significant differences in retear rate; visual analog scale for pain; shoulder functional scores; and active ROM including forward flexion, abduction, external rotation, and internal rotation. No significant differences were observed on postoperative MRI scans of the rotator cuff tendon (tendon integrity, healing type, residual tendon attachment area, etc), cartilage thickness, and muscle atrophy. Conclusion: No significant differences were found at a mean 3-year follow-up in the retear rates, pain, ROM, and glenohumeral structure on postoperative MRI scans after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with or without preoperative CSIs.
The Relationship between Nursing Leadership and Patient Readmission Rate: A Systematic Review
Authors: Al Sabei Sulaiman Dawood , Ross Amy M. 
Published: February 2023

Background Nurse leaders play a fundamental role in improving patient quality care delivery, thus improving patient clinical outcomes. Purpose This systematic review examined the knowledge to date of nursing leadership on reducing patient readmission rates. Methods A literature review was conducted using seven electronic databases: Medline Ovid, PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL) Plus, Emerald, PsycINFO, ABI/INFORM collection, and EBSCO, with the addition of references for relevant papers reviewed. Findings The search resulted in a total of 15 articles. Findings revealed that leadership practices of nurses have an impact on reducing patient readmission rates. Conclusions The results suggest a need for further rigorous studies investigating the mechanism of how nursing leadership relates to patient readmission rates and how to translate this into practice across diverse cultures.
Practice of immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery (ISBCS): A teaching hospital experience in United Kingdom
Authors: Wang Haoyu , Ramjiani Vipul , Auger Graham , Raynor Mathew , Currie Zanna , Tan Jennifer 
Published: February 2023

Background / Objectives Utilisation of ISBCS has been encouraged since COVID-19 in line with the RCOphth recommendations. This study aims to share experience from a UK teaching hospital on ISBCS and to evaluate pre-, intra- and post-operative outcomes from the ISBCS cohort. Methods Of 3402 cataract surgeries performed between July 2020 and July 2021 (1 year since the reopening of the cataract service from COVID-19), 208 eyes of 104 patients (6.1%) undergoing ISBCS were retrospectively studied on their demographics, biometry, surgeon grades, and pre-, intra- and post-operative data. Results The mean age was 74.5 ± 9.4 years and 62% were female. Eighty-nine percent of the eyes were performed under local anaesthesia and 70% were ‘routine’ cases. Other risk factors included: short eyes requiring pre-operative mannitol infusion (10%), high myopia (8%), poor dilation (2%) and a ‘glaucoma’ cohort [angle closure (2%) and prior trabeculectomy (1%)]. Three eyes (1%) had complications intra-operatively in second eye (1 case each: posterior capsule rupture, corneal oedema and zonular dehiscence). Two patients (1%) had complications in the first eye (1 case each: suprachoroidal haemorrhage, conjunctival & iris haemorrhage), hence had their second eye postponed. Twelve months post-operatively, 20 eyes (10%) had recorded post-op complications with cystoid macular oedema being the commonest (4.5%) and no endophthalmitis. Eighty-six percent were discharged with satisfaction. No significant differences were found in pre-operative features, complication rates and post-operative outcomes between consultant and non-consultant surgeons (p > 0.05). Conclusions Our experience which included a cohort of high-risk patients showed safe and successful practice of ISBCS without having a negative impact on training.
Stress and cataract surgery: A nationwide study evaluating surgeon burnout
Authors: Ansari Abdus Samad , Tung Annie See Wah , Wright David M , Watts Patrick , Williams Gwyn Samuel 
Published: February 2023

Background We aimed to evaluate the nationwide prevalence of stress induced burnout among cataract surgeons. We believe that knowledge of these factors can help formulate a solution to this underreported problem. Methods A three-part nationwide cross-sectional survey was disseminated with via the Royal College of Ophthalmologists (RCOphth) in the United Kingdom(UK). All consultants, trainees and specialty doctors and associate specialists(SAS) were invited to participate. We evaluated burnout using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Logistic regression modelling was completed to look at factors linked to high level burnout in certain domains. Results A total of 406 respondents completed our survey. Prevalence of cataract surgery-related high burnout was estimated at 3.45% (Section A and/or B) and 40% within Personal Accomplishment (PA)(Section C of the MBI). Multiple factors were associated with increased burnout within PA: Increasing age: 61+ OR: 2.99 (1.02–8.78, p =  0.05), Number of cataract operations completed: >3000 OR 2.98 (1.03–8.64, p =  0.04), Lists per week: 2: OR 2.99 (1.38–6.47, p <  0.01), 2.5: OR 8.95 (2.58–31.02, p <  0.01), 3 or more: OR 2.64 (1.07–6.54, p =  0.04). Sleeping 8 h or more was found to be protective OR 0.52 (0.28–0.96, p =  0.04). 17% of respondents indicated they would be willing to give up cataract surgery if given the opportunity. Conclusion The prevalence of stress induced burnout by cataract surgery appears to be present in a minority of surgeons. There appears to be a significant reduction in the feeling of personal achievement within the profession. A large proportion of this cohort appears to be willing to give up surgical responsibilities.
Adult offspring and their socioeconomic resources for development and survival of stroke: A Swedish and Danish nationwide register-based study
Authors: Jørgensen Terese S.H. , Osler Merete , Fors Stefan , Nilsson Charlotte J. , Meyer Anna , Modig Karin 
Published: February 2023

Aims: To explore the relationships between adult offspring’s socioeconomic resources and the development of stroke and survival after stroke among older adults in Denmark and Sweden. Methods: The study included 1,464,740 Swedes and 835,488 Danes who had turned 65 years old between 2000 and 2015. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to analyse incident stroke and survival after stroke until 2020. Results: Lower level of offspring’s education, occupation and income were associated with higher hazards of stroke among both men and women in Sweden and Denmark. Associations with offspring’s education, occupation and income were most consistent for death after the acute phase and for educational level. From one to five years after stroke and compared with a high educational level of offspring, low and medium educational level were associated with 1.34 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11; 1.62) and 1.18 (95% CI: 1.10; 1.27) as well as 1.26 (95% CI: 1.06; 1.48) and 1.14 (1.07; 1.21) times higher hazard of death in Swedish women and men, respectively. The corresponding estimates in the Danish population were 1.36 (1.20; 1.53) and 1.10 (1.01; 1.20) for women and 1.23 (95% CI: 1.11; 1.32) and 1.13 (95% CI: 1.05; 1.21) for men. Conclusions: Adult offspring socioeconomic resources are, independently of how we measure them and of individual socioeconomic characteristics, associated with development of stroke in old age in both Denmark and Sweden. The relationships between offspring socioeconomic resources and death after stroke are present especially after the acute phase and most pronounced for educational level as a measure of offspring socioeconomic resources.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis and Infectious Complications in Isolated Gunshot Wounds to the Upper Extremity
Authors: Brown Danielle J. , Payne Rachael M. , Van Handel Amelia C. , Shim Kevin G. , Tandon Damini , Chi David , Evans Adam G. , Pet Mitchell A. 
Published: February 2023

Background: Prophylactic antibiotics are variably prescribed after isolated upper extremity gunshot wounds (UE GSWs). The risk of infection and factors influencing prescribing practice remain poorly understood, and clinical practice guidelines are lacking. Methods: Adults with isolated UE GSWs over a 10-year period were included. Medical records were reviewed for demographic and injury variables, comorbidities, surgical treatments, antibiotic administration, infectious complications, and follow-up duration. Infection rate was calculated. Bivariate and multivariable linear regression analyses were used to identify patient-related and injury-related factors predictive of prophylactic antibiotic prescription. Results: A total of 281 patients were eligible for inclusion. Prophylactic antibiotics were prescribed at discharge for 111 patients (40%). Multivariable analysis revealed that patients with more distal injuries and ballistic fractures were significantly more likely to receive prophylactic antibiotics. Of patients with at least 30-day postinjury follow-up, 6% developed infections. Conclusion: Prophylactic antibiotic administration after UE GSWs was inconsistent but more common in patients with ballistic fractures and injuries in the hand. The overall incidence of infection was found to lie between 3% and 6%. The rate of infection in the antibiotic prophylaxis (2%-6%) group was similar to that in the no-antibiotic (5%-7%) group, suggesting that antibiotic prophylaxis may not have a large impact on infectious risk. However, because this study is nonrandomized, and because this study is underpowered for multivariable modeling of infectious risk, it remains possible that subgroups of this population may still benefit from antibiotic prophylaxis.
Apigenin and Exposure to Low Dose Gamma Radiation Ameliorate Acetic Acid-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Rats
Authors: Shibrya Eman E. , Rashed Rasha R. , Abd El Fattah Mai A. , El-Ghazaly Mona A. , Kenawy Sanaa A. 
Published: February 2023

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease involving chronic and recurring colon inflammation. Current management protocols are limited by adverse effects or short-term symptomatic relief. We aimed to investigate the possible therapeutic prospect of low dose gamma (γ) irradiation or apigenin treatment in acetic acid-induced UC in rats. Induction of UC was carried out by installation of acetic acid intra-rectally. One hour post-induction, rats received a sole dose of γ-radiation (0.5 Gray) or were treated with apigenin (3 mg/kg/day, peroral) for 7 successive days. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of both agents were assessed via determination of colon malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), total nitrate/nitrite (NOx), mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1), and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) contents as well as myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Body weight (BW), colon weight/length (W/L) ratio, disease activity index (DAI), and histopathological changes were evaluated. Gamma irradiation and apigenin significantly ameliorated the acetic acid-induced biochemical and histopathological changes. Both therapeutic approaches significantly restored colon contents of the investigated biomarkers. They modulated BW, colon W/L ratio and DAI. This study proposes low dose γ-irradiation as a new therapeutic candidate for the management of UC. We also concluded that apigenin exhibited therapeutic benefits in UC management.
Zinc for infection prevention in children with sickle cell anemia: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Namazzi Ruth , Opoka Robert , Conroy Andrea L. , Datta Dibyadyuti , Tagoola Abner , Bond Caitlin , Goings Michael J. , Ryu Moon-Suhn , Cusick Sarah E. , Krebs Nancy F. , Jang Jeong Hoon , Tu Wanzhu , Ware Russell E. , John Chandy C. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Data from small clinical trials in the United States and India suggest zinc supplementation reduces infection in adolescents and adults with sickle cell anemia (SCA), but no studies of zinc supplementation for infection prevention have been conducted in children with SCA living in Africa. We conducted a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial to assess zinc supplementation for prevention of severe or invasive infections in Ugandan children 1.00-4.99 years with SCA. Of 252 enrolled participants, 124 were assigned zinc (10 mg) and 126 assigned placebo once daily for 12 months. The primary outcome was incidence of protocol-defined severe or invasive infections. Infection incidence did not differ between treatment arms (282 vs. 270 severe or invasive infections per 100 person-years, respectively, incidence rate ratio of 1.04 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.81, 1.32, p=0.78]), adjusting for hydroxyurea treatment. There was also no difference between treatment arms in incidence of serious adverse events or SCA-related events. Children receiving zinc had increased serum levels after 12-months, but at study exit, 41% remained zinc deficient (&lt;65 μg/dL). In post-hoc analysis, occurrence of stroke or death was lower in the zinc treatment arm (adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI), 0.22 (0.05, 1.00); p=0.05). Daily 10 mg zinc supplementation for 12 months did not prevent severe or invasive infections in Ugandan children with SCA, but many supplemented children remained zinc deficient. Optimal zinc dosing and the role of zinc in preventing stroke or death in SCA warrant further investigation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT03528434.
Shared and distinct factors underlying in-hospital mobility of older adults in Israel and Denmark (97/100)
Authors: Zisberg Anna , Shadmi Efrat , Andersen Ove , Shulyaev Ksenya , Petersen Janne , Agmon Maayan , Gil Efrat , Gur-Yaish Nurit , Pedersen Mette Merete 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Low in-hospital mobility is widely acknowledged as a major risk factor in acquiring hospital-associated disabilities. Various predictors of in-hospital low mobility have been suggested, among them older age, disabling admission diagnosis, poor cognitive and physical functioning, and pre-hospitalization mobility. However, the universalism of the phenomena is not well studied, as similar risk factors to low in-hospital mobility have not been tested.

Methods
The study was a secondary analysis of data on in-hospital mobility that investigated the relationship between in-hospital mobility and a set of similar risk factors in independently mobile prior to hospitalization older adults, hospitalized in acute care settings in Israel (N = 206) and Denmark (N = 113). In Israel, mobility was measured via ActiGraph GT9X and in Denmark by ActivPal3 for up to seven hospital days.

Results
Parallel multivariate analyses revealed that a higher level of community mobility prior to hospitalization and higher mobility ability status on admission were common predictors of a higher number of in-hospital steps, whereas the longer length of hospital stay was significantly correlated with a lower number of steps in both samples. The risk of malnutrition on admission was associated with a lower number of steps, but only in the Israeli sample.

Conclusions
Despite different assessment methods, older adults’ low in-hospital mobility has similar risk factors in Israel and Denmark. Pre-hospitalization and admission mobility ability are robust and constant risk factors across the two studies. This information can encourage the development of both international standard risk evaluations and tailored country-based approaches.
Assessment of the phytochemical composition and antimicrobial properties of Tapinanthus bangwensis leaves hosted by the branches of Persea americana
Authors: Sakyiamah Maxwell Mamfe , Gordon Paa Kwesi , Bolah Peter , Baffour Prince Kyei , Ehun Ebenezer , Quasie Olga , Kumadoh Doris , Archer Mary-Ann , Mintah Susana Oteng , Appiah Alfred Ampomah 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Medicinal plants represent a valuable source for new effective and safe antimicrobial drugs making them an alternative therapy. Existing antimicrobial agents are costly and mostly associated with possible side effects. The aim of the present study therefore, was to assess the antimicrobial property and phytochemical composition of hydroethanolic extract of Tapinanthus bangwensis leaves and its fractions.

Method
T. bangwensis leaves (harvested from its host plant, Persea americana) was extracted by cold maceration with 70% ethanol and further fractionated with different organic solvents using the solvent partitioning method to obtain the crude extract, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and the resulting aqueous fractions. The phytochemical constituents of the extracts were screened and quantified. Also, the TLC of the extracts were analyzed to serve as a fingerprint. Using the agar diffusion and broth dilution methods, the antimicrobial properties of the extracts were assessed.

Results
The study showed that the hydroethanolic (70%) crude extract of T. bangwensis leaves and its fractions contain phenolic compounds, flavonoids, saponins, phytosterols and reducing sugars. The phytoconstituents were well extracted into the ethyl acetate fraction than the other fractions evidenced in the high levels (p < 0.0001) of saponins (66.47 ± 1.72% w/w), phenolic compounds (77.75 ± 1.06 mg/100 mg GAE) and flavonoids (44.34 ± 0.06 mg/100 mg QE) contents. From the antimicrobial studies, all the microorganisms tested exhibited varying degrees of susceptibility to the extracts with MIC values between 0.78 to 12.5 mg/mL. The crude extract of T. bangwensis leaves, its ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions also exhibited lethal antimicrobial activity with MLC between 6.25 to 50 mg/mL.

Conclusion
The crude extract of T. bangwensis leaves and its fractions demonstrated antimicrobial properties against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Candida albicans, thereby representing a potential source of natural antimicrobial agent. Further study is required to identify and isolate antimicrobial compounds from the plant for the development of the natural bioactive antimicrobial agents.