bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing evolutionary adaptation potential under climate change in invertebrates (mostly Drosophila): findings, limitations and directions
Authors: Hoffmann Ary A. , Sgrò Carla M. , van Heerwaarden Belinda 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
A (quite) large set of experiments has been undertaken to assess the potential for evolutionary changes in invertebrates under current and future climate change conditions. These experimental studies have established some key principles that could affect climate change adaptation, yet there remain substantial obstacles in reaching a meaningful predictive framework. This Review starts with exploring some of the traits considered in individuals and approaches used in assessing evolutionary adaptation relevant to climate, and some of the core findings and their substantial limitations, with a focus on Drosophila. We interpret results in terms of adaptive limits based on population processes versus fundamental mechanistic limits of organisms. We then consider the challenges in moving towards a predictive framework and implications of the findings obtained to date, while also emphasizing the current limited context and the need to broaden it if links to changes in natural populations are to be realized.
Analytical and clinical validation of a blood progranulin ELISA in frontotemporal dementias
Authors: Meda Francisco , Simrén Joel , Borroni Barbara , Cantoni Valentina , Archetti Silvana , Biasiotto Giorgio , Andreasson Ulf , Blennow Kaj , Kvartsberg Hlin , Zetterberg Henrik 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Heterozygous mutations in the granulin (GRN) gene may result in haploinsufficiency of progranulin (PGRN), which might lead to frontotemporal dementia (FTD). In this study, we aimed to perform analytical and clinical validation of a commercial progranulin kit for clinical use.

Methods
Analytical validation parameters including assay precision, selectivity, measurement range, dilution linearity, interferences and sample stability were tested according to previously described procedures. For clinical validation, PGRN levels were measured in plasma from 32 cognitively healthy individuals, 52 confirmed GRN mutation carriers, 25 C9orf72 mutation carriers and 216 patients with different neurodegenerative diseases of which 70 were confirmed as non-mutation carriers.

Results
Among the analytical validation parameters, assay precision and repeatability were very stable (coefficients of variation <7 %). Spike recovery was 96 %, the measurement range was 6.25–400 μg/L and dilution linearity ranged from 1:50–1:200. Hemolysis did not interfere with progranulin levels, and these were resistant to freeze/thaw cycles and storage at different temperatures. For the clinical validation, the assay was capable of distinguishing GRN mutation carriers from controls and non-GRN mutation carriers with very good sensitivity and specificity at a cut-off of 57 μg/L (97 %, 100 %, respectively).

Conclusions
In this study, we demonstrate robust analytical and diagnostic performance of this commercial progranulin kit for implementation in clinical laboratory practice. This easy-to-use test allows identification of potential GRN mutation carriers, which may guide further evaluation of the patient. This assay might also be used to evaluate the effect of novel PGRN-targeting drugs and therapies.
<em>Acinetobacter thutiue</em> sp. nov. and <em>Acinetobacter kontum</em> sp. nov., Isolated from Motorbike Repairing Workshop Soil
Authors: Tuyet Nhan Le Thi , Kim Jaisoo 
Published: July 2023

Two isolates of Acinetobacter were isolated from the soil samples of motorbike repairing workshop floors in Vietnam, where motorcycle/scooter repairs generate various types of hazardous waste, including mainly used waste oil and fluids. Two isolates were Gram-stain-negative, coccobacilli-shaped, aerobic, non-motile, non-hemolytic, oxidase-negative, and catalase-positive, designated strains VNH17T and VNK23T. Growth of strains was inhibited by NaCl concentrations above 3% and grew at an optimal temperature of 20-35°C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that two isolated strains formed a lineage within the family Moraxellaceae and clustered as members of the genus Acinetobacter. The predominant respiratory quinones of VNH17T and VNK23T are ubiquinone 9 and ubiquinone 8, and the polar lipids are mainly composed of diphosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine. The major cellular fatty acids are C18:1ω9c, C16:0 and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c). The DNA G+C content of VNH17T and VNK23T was 42.07% and 41.75%, respectively. In addition, the average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between VNH17T and VNK23T as well as between they and phylogenetically related type strains were below the threshold values used for species delineation. Based on genomic, chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and phylogenomic analyses, the isolated strains represent novel species in the genus Acinetobacter, for which the names Acinetobacter thutiue sp. nov. (type strain VNH17T = KACC 23003 = CCTCC AB 2023063), Acinetobacter kontum sp. nov. (type strain VNK23T = KACC 23002 = CCTCC AB 2023064) are proposed.
Late Periprosthetic Femoral Stress Fracture Associated with Extra-articular Deformity in a Patient with Fibrous Dysplasia
Authors: Dozo Marcelo Adolfo , Abrego Mariano Oscar , Comba Fernando , Zanotti Gerardo , Buttaro Martín Alejandro , Slullitel Pablo Ariel 
Published: July 2023

Case:
In the setting of a total hip arthroplasty performed in a patient with a proximal femoral deformity, atraumatic periprosthetic femoral stress fracture may arise as a complication. We report a rare case of a late periprosthetic femoral stress fracture around a cemented stem in a patient with a history of fibrous dysplasia of the proximal femur. After a 10-year uneventful period, the patient complained about a subtle, subacute pain in his left thigh induced by exercise but not with daily axial load. Diagnosis of a nondisplaced, incomplete (i.e., only compromising the lateral femoral cortex) periprosthetic femoral stress fracture was made with plain radiographs, blood work, and bone scintigraphy. Surgical treatment consisted of a minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis bridging the femoral deformity plus percutaneous osteoperiosteal decortication. At 5-year follow-up, the patient was asymptomatic with full return to physical activity, with radiographs evidencing callus formation.

Conclusion:
Stress fractures around well-fixed femoral stems, while infrequent, should be addressed in patients with a history of severe proximal femur deformity experiencing atraumatic thigh pain.
Knowledge, awareness, and use of folic acid among women of childbearing age living in a peri-urban community in Ghana: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Harrison Obed Akwaa , Ifie Idolo , Nkwonta Chikere , Dzandu Bennett Atta , Gattor Albert Owusu , Adimado Emma Efua , Odoi Kafui Kofi , Aziavor Benedicta , Saalia Firibu Kwesi , Steiner-Asiedu Matilda 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background: Folic acid, a water-soluble B-complex vitamin, plays a crucial role in DNA synthesis and maintenance, making it particularly significant during reproduction. Its well-known ability to reduce the risk of congenital anomalies during the periconceptional period underscores its importance. The increased requirement for folate during pregnancy and lactation is essential to support the physiological changes of the mother and ensure optimal growth and development of the foetus and offspring. This study assessed the knowledge, awareness, and use of folic acid among pregnant and lactating women of reproductive age residing in Dodowa in the Shai Osu-Doku District, Accra, Ghana.
Methods: The study was a cross-sectional design that involved 388 randomly selected participants (97 pregnant and 291 lactating women). Structured questionnaires were administered to gather information on the socioeconomic demographic characteristics, knowledge, awareness, and use of folic acid of the participants. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Pearson's chi-square analysis tests and arepresented as frequencies and percentages, means, standard deviations, bar graphs, and pie charts. The significance of the results was determined at a 95% confidence interval.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 31±5.0 years. Among the study participants, 46.1% demonstrated knowledge of folic acid deficiency, while approximately 68.3% had a high awareness of folic acid supplementation. Approximately 75% of the participants indicated that they had not used folic acid supplements within the week, and 15.5% reported consuming folate-fortified food per week.
Conclusions: The women exhibited high awareness but poor knowledge regarding the usage of folic acid supplementation during pregnancy and lactation. Consequently, this lack of knowledge influenced the low use of folic acid supplements and low intake of folate-rich foods among pregnant and lactating mothers.
Functional integration of services during the antenatal period improves childhood growth parameters beyond infancy
Authors: Mehta Kayur , Mukherjee Sreeparna Ghosh , Bhattacharjee Ipsita , Fate Kassandra , Kachwaha Shivani , Rajeev Tushara , Kant Aastha , Banerjee Meghendra , Shet Anita 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background:
Despite progress, the prevalence of childhood undernutrition in India remains amongst the highest globally.
Objective:
We aimed to evaluate the impact of a functional integration interventional package during the antenatal period on childhood growth parameters.
Methods:
This is a post-interventional follow-up study of a maternal nutrition trial conducted between 2018–2019 among women in their first trimester of pregnancy from three districts in West Bengal, India. Those in the intervention group received a package that included body-mass-index measurement at pregnancy registration, monthly weight monitoring, targeted dietary counselling, supervised supplementary nutrition intake and iron-folic acid supplementation during daily anganwadi center visits. Age-matched pregnant women in the comparison group received standard-of-care. Maternal height and serial weights were recorded at antenatal visits, and birth and infant characteristics were noted. During the follow-up visit in 2021, child height and weight were measured. The relative risks of stunting, wasting and underweight were calculated using generalized linear models.
Results:
Eight-hundred-nine mother-child dyads (406 intervention; 403 comparison) were followed between May 2018 and May 2021. Median age of women in the intervention and comparison group was 23 (IQR 20–25) and 25 (IQR 24–27) years respectively. Median gestational-weight-gain was higher amongst intervention group women (9 vs. 8 kilograms, p = 0.04). Low-birth-weight prevalence was 29.3% (119/406) and 32.0% (129/403) in the intervention and comparison group. At 12–35 months of age, children born to women in the intervention group had significantly reduced risk of stunting (RR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.44–0.94), wasting (RR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.33–0.97) and underweight (RR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.42–0.88).
Conclusions:
These results indicate that functional integration and strengthening of routine antenatal care services including targeted nutritional counselling to expectant mothers can have distal beneficial effects on childhood undernutrition beyond the immediate post-natal period.
A hierarchical topic-guided BertCNN model for emotion classification from social network texts
Authors: Yang Yingyu , Huang Haiping , Chang Shuyu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Online public opinion management in the post-truth era is a comprehensive project, and emotion is the kernel of public opinion. Previous studies have begun to employ a combination of topic and semantic information from documents to improve the effectiveness of emotion classification. But efficiently extracting and combining this information remains a challenge. In addition, the widespread utilization of pre-trained models has given rise to many issues, including a large number of model parameters and extended training times. This paper presents a novel end-to-end hierarchical topic-guided BertCNN model(To-BertCNN) for emotion detection. The model utilizes a pruned hierarchical Bert model to extract semantic information at various levels within documents. Then a neural topic model is constructed to acquire topic embedding vectors. To-BertCNN finally employs a bi-directional attention fusion mechanism to fuse document vectors and topic features for emotion classification comprehensively. Experiments are conducted on three publicly available datasets, revealing that the classification performance of the To-BertCNN model surpasses that of the current state-of-the-art research, simultaneously enhancing the temporal efficiency of the model. The model fully adopts an end-to-end training approach, generating more coherent topic features and, consequently, higher interpretability.
Design and Evaluation of Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica/ZnO Nanocomposites as an Effective Drug Delivery System for Gemcitabine
Authors: Amirsoleimani Armin , Bahrami Zohreh , Kafshdouzan Khatereh 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this study, periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO)/ZnO nanocomposites were synthesized and investigated as a delivery system for the anticancer drug (gemcitabine). The green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles used rice bran extract. The characteristic results show that as ZnO concentration was increased, spherical particle size increased while surface area and pore volume decreased. Between two nanocomposites, the maximum gemcitabine loading content (53.1%) is related to the sample with the lowest concentration of ZnO nanoparticles. For all samples, the gemcitabine release at pH=5.6 is greater than pH=7.4. In the first eight hours, the rate of gemcitabine release was rapid; however, it gradually slowed down. The release kinetics were fitted with the Higuchi model. The MTT assay showed the cytotoxicity effect of the nanocomposites on human colon cancer cell lines (HT-29).
Predicting Solar Energy Generation with Machine Learning based on AQI and Weather Features
Authors: Shah Arjun , Viswanath Varun , Gandhi Kashish , Ranka Prateek , Dedhia Urmi , Patil Nilesh 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this paper, our goal is to determine solar power generation utilising machine learning models based on weather data and AQI(Air Quality Index). This study benchmarks the performance of these models based on three novel methodologies to identify which yields the best accuracy in terms of R2 score and simultaneously results in the lowest Mean Absolute Error(MAE) and Root Mean Square Error(RMSE). Firstly, a time-series based approach is used to accurately capture the seasonality in this solar generation. Secondly, to address the excessive zeros in the solar generation data we switched to a zero-inflated model, which accounts for the cases where there is true zero solar generation(Night-time, winter, cloud cover etc). Finally, we applied Power Transform to formulate a more efficient 1 method of addressing the skewness in the data and to transform it into a more Gaussian-like distribution. This scaling method smoothed out the solar distribution data and gave a much better R2 score and lower overall MAE and RMSE scores. These findings demonstrate the overall success of our predictive models in accurately determining solar power generation. Since precise solar energy projections can help to maximise energy generation and utilisation, these findings have major implications for energy management and planning. A comprehensive framework for precise solar energy prediction based on AQI and weather features is provided by the combination of regular time series modeling, zero-inflated modeling, and power transformation techniques, which advances forecasting and decision-making for renewable energy sources.
Natural Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Inhibitors: A Review
Authors: Singh Sonia , Sharma Himanshu , Ramankutty Raghavan , Ramaswamy Sarada , Agrawal Nitin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract:
PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) is an enzyme that helps to reduce
cardiovascular events. This clinical result is attributable primarily to the crucial involvement of
PCSK9 in regulating the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level. Because oral anti-PCSK9 medications
have yet to be available, the benefits of this unique treatment approach have been diminished.
Identifying naturally occurring PCSK9 inhibitors may lead to considerable progress in this
regard. These inhibitors serve as a starting point for producing oral and effective components that
could be used with statins to boost the proportion of patients who achieve their LDL-cholesterol
goals. In this review, we have briefly summarised the recent information regarding natural components
or extracts that have been shown to inhibit PCSK9 activity.
Several Applications of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery
Authors: Sulaiman Khil Noor Hassan , Sharma Shaweta , Sharma Pramod Kumar , Alam Aftab 
Published: July 2023

Abstract:
Rapid progress is being made in the area of nanotechnology; solid lipid
nanoparticles are currently at the forefront of research and development. They have the
capability of becoming employed in an extensive number of applications, including the
delivery of medications, clinical treatment, and research, in addition to uses in other
areas of academic inquiry that could benefit from their utilisation. This article presents a
thorough analysis of solid lipid nanoparticles, covering subjects such as their goals,
preparation strategy, applications, advantages, and possible remedies for the issues that
have been raised. This review provides a discussion of solid lipids that is both in-depth
and comprehensive. Studies that investigate the manner in which SLNs are prepared
and the routes via which they are administered are typical. Aspects concerning the route
of administration of SLNs as well as the destiny of the carriers in vivo are also
investigated in this paper.
Data-Efficient Computational Pathology Platform for Faster and Cheaper Breast Cancer Subtype Identifications: Development of a Deep Learning Model
Authors: Bae Kideog , Jeon Young Seok , Hwangbo Yul , Yoo Chong Woo , Han Nayoung , Feng Mengling 
Published: July 2023

Background
Breast cancer subtyping is a crucial step in determining therapeutic options, but the molecular examination based on immunohistochemical staining is expensive and time-consuming. Deep learning opens up the possibility to predict the subtypes based on the morphological information from hematoxylin and eosin staining, a much cheaper and faster alternative. However, training the predictive model conventionally requires a large number of histology images, which is challenging to collect by a single institute.

Objective
We aimed to develop a data-efficient computational pathology platform, 3DHistoNet, which is capable of learning from z-stacked histology images to accurately predict breast cancer subtypes with a small sample size.

Methods
We retrospectively examined 401 cases of patients with primary breast carcinoma diagnosed between 2018 and 2020 at the Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center, South Korea. Pathology slides of the patients with breast carcinoma were prepared according to the standard protocols. Age, gender, histologic grade, hormone receptor (estrogen receptor [ER], progesterone receptor [PR], and androgen receptor [AR]) status, erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (HER2) status, and Ki-67 index were evaluated by reviewing medical charts and pathological records.

Results
The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and decision curve were analyzed to evaluate the performance of our 3DHistoNet platform for predicting the ER, PR, AR, HER2, and Ki67 subtype biomarkers with 5-fold cross-validation. We demonstrated that 3DHistoNet can predict all clinically important biomarkers (ER, PR, AR, HER2, and Ki67) with performance exceeding the conventional multiple instance learning models by a considerable margin (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.75-0.91 vs 0.67-0.8). We further showed that our z-stack histology scanning method can make up for insufficient training data sets without any additional cost incurred. Finally, 3DHistoNet offered an additional capability to generate attention maps that reveal correlations between Ki67 and histomorphological features, which renders the hematoxylin and eosin image in higher fidelity to the pathologist.

Conclusions
Our stand-alone, data-efficient pathology platform that can both generate z-stacked images and predict key biomarkers is an appealing tool for breast cancer diagnosis. Its development would encourage morphology-based diagnosis, which is faster, cheaper, and less error-prone compared to the protein quantification method based on immunohistochemical staining.
User-Centered Design and Evaluation of Clinical Decision Support to Improve Early Peanut Introduction: Formative Study
Authors: Nguyen Thinh Hoang , Cunha Priscila Pereira , Rowland Annabelle Friedman , Orenstein Evan , Lee Tricia , Kandaswamy Swaminathan 
Published: July 2023

Background
Peanut allergy has recently become more prevalent. Peanut introduction recommendations have evolved from suggesting peanut avoidance until the age of 3 years to more recent guidelines encouraging early peanut introduction after the Learning Early about Peanut Allergy (LEAP) study in 2015. Guideline adherence is poor, leading to missed care opportunities.

Objective
In this study, we aimed to develop a user-centered clinical decision support (CDS) tool to improve implementation of the most recent early peanut introduction guidelines in the primary care clinic setting.

Methods
We edited the note template of the well-child check (WCC) visits at ages 4 and 6 months with CDS prompts and point-of-care education. Formative and summative usability testing were completed with pediatric residents in a simulated electronic health record (EHR). We estimated task completion rates and perceived usefulness of the CDS in summative testing, comparing a test EHR with and without the CDS.

Results
Formative usability testing with the residents provided qualitative data that led to improvements in the build for both the 4-month and 6-month WCC note templates. During summative usability testing, the CDS tool significantly improved discussion of early peanut introduction at the 4-month WCC visit compared to scenarios without the CDS tool (9/15, 60% with CDS and 0/15, 0% without CDS). All providers except one at the 4-month WCC scenario gave at least an adequate score for the ease of use of the CDS tool for the history of present illness and assessment and plan sections. During the summative usability testing with the 6-month WCC new build note template, providers more commonly provided comprehensive care once obtaining a patient history concerning for an immunoglobulin E–mediated peanut reaction by placing a referral to allergy/immunology (P=.48), prescribing an epinephrine auto-injector (P=.07), instructing on how to avoid peanut products (P<.001), and providing an emergency treatment plan (P=.003) with CDS guidance. All providers gave at least an adequate score for ease of use of the CDS tool in the after-visit summary.

Conclusions
User-centered CDS improved application of early peanut introduction recommendations and comprehensive care for patients who have symptoms concerning for peanut allergy in a simulation.