bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activating Protein-1 (AP-1): A Promising Target for the Treatment of
Fibrotic Diseases
Authors: Pi Zixin , Qiu Xiangning , Liu Jiani , Shi Yaqian , Zeng Zhuotong , Xiao Rong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:
The fibrosis of tissues and organs occurs via an aberrant tissue remodeling process
characterized by an excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, which can lead to
organ dysfunction, organ failure, and death. Because the pathogenesis of fibrosis remains
unclear and elusive, there is currently no medication to reverse it; hence, this process deserves
further study. Activating protein-1 (AP-1)-comprising Jun (c-Jun, JunB, JunD),
Fos (c-fos, FosB, Fra1, and Fra2), and activating transcription factor-is a versatile dimeric
transcription factor. Numerous studies have demonstrated that AP-1 plays a crucial
role in advancing tissue and organ fibrosis via induction of the expression of fibrotic
molecules and activating fibroblasts. This review focuses on the role of AP-1 in a range
of fibrotic disorders as well as on the antifibrotic effects of AP-1 inhibitors. It also discusses
the potential of AP-1 as a new therapeutic target in conditions involving tissue
and organ fibrosis.
Synthesis, in vivo Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking Study of
Some Newer Oxadiazole Derivatives as Anticonvulsant, Antibacterial and
Analgesic Agents
Authors: Rana Kavita , Mazumder Avijit , Salahuddin  , Agrawal Anurag , Sahu Jagdish K. 
Published: February 2023

Background:
The compounds containing heterocyclic cores with O, N and/or S atoms
are bioactive and valuable molecules in the field of drug discovery and development. There are
several applications in different areas for the molecules having oxadiazole moiety in their structures
viz. herbicides and corrosion inhibitors, electron-transport materials, polymers and luminescent
materials. Hence, demand for new anticonvulsant, antibacterial and analgesic agents has
turned into an imperative assignment in the area of medicinal chemistry to improve therapeutic
efficacy as well as safety.

Methods:
In the journey of new anticonvulsive, antibacterial and analgesic molecules with better
potency, some newer Oxadiazole analogues were attained by a sequence of synthetic steps with
the substituted acrylic acids. IR and 1H-NMR spectral data were used for the structure elucidation
of obtained chemical compounds. In this perspective, the anticonvulsant, antibacterial and analgesic
activities were evaluated for synthetically obtained newer chemical moieties. Furthermore, a
molecular docking study was performed to elucidate the binding modes of synthesized ligands in the
active pockets of Cox-1/2 enzymes, DNA Gyrase and GABA inhibitors.

Result:
It has been observed that all the synthetic molecules showed good analgesic activity
while A1 molecule demonstrated better analgesic activity. In the case of anticonvulsant and antibacterial
activity among other ligands, C1 molecule possessed profound anticonvulsant activity
whereas B1 molecule showed maximum antibacterial activity and molecular docking study also
endorsed the same consequences.

Conclusion:
It might be recognized from the present study that prepared compounds are distinctive in
lieu of their structure and noticeable biological activity. In the quest for a newer group of anticonvulsant,
antibacterial and analgesic molecules, these compounds might be useful for the society.
The Truncated Cone Effect in AFM Nanoindentation on Soft Materials
Authors: Kontomaris Stylianos-Vasileios , Malamou Anna 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) nanoindentation is the principal method
for the characterization of soft materials at the nanoscale. In most cases, pyramidal tips are used
and approximated to perfect cones. However, the extended use of the AFM tip may alter its sharpness.

Objective:
In many cases, a truncated cone shape is appropriate for tip modeling. In this technical
note, the equation that relates the force with the indentation depth when indenting an elastic halfspace
using a truncated cone is derived.

Methods:
The nanoindentation equation for a truncated cone tip is derived using the fundamental
differential equation that relates the sample’s contact stiffness with Young’s modulus.

Results:
When fitting Sneddon’s equation (which is valid for a perfect cone) on data obtained using
a truncated cone-shaped AFM tip, the results show a ‘pseudo-softening’ behavior.

Conclusion:
The AFM tip's sharpness in nanoindentation experiments is a crucial parameter for
obtaining the correct mechanical patterns of unknown samples.
Antioxidant Potentials and other Biological Activities of Protium
heptaphyllum (Aubl.). March: Mini-Review
Authors: Patias Naiéle Sartori , Gindri Sinhorin Valéria Dornelles , Sinhorin Adilson Paulo 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Oxidative stress occurs when the cell's antioxidant defense system is insufficient.
This can be corrected by active antioxidant substances, which help to eliminate the consequences of the
damage caused or prevent the system from reaching the stress level.

Objective:
The actions of antioxidants can inhibit or delay tumor cells' appearance, delaying aging, and
preventing other cellular damage resulting from the redox imbalance. Therefore, the present work aimed
to research studies already published on Protium heptaphyllum (P. heptaphyllum) and its biological activities,
mainly antioxidant effects once resulting from phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids, present in
the plant.

Methods:
The methodology used was a literature review where information was collected from several
studies related to P. heptaphyllum, oxidative stress, polyphenols, and flavonoids in databases, such as
Scielo, PubMed, Google Scholar, LILACS, Chemical Abstract, ScienceDirect, among others in the period
from 2002 to 2021.

Results:
The main studies carried out with metabolites of P. heptaphyllum demonstrated several biological activities such as antioxidant, gastroprotective, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anxiolytic, antihyperglycemic, hyperlipidemic, among others. Although P. heptaphyllum has been little investigated by pharmacological studies, the results reported in this work may contribute to this plant species' chemical/ pharmacological knowledge. Therefore, the secondary metabolites present in the plant may become test targets in future clinical trials for the drug arsenal.

Conclusion:
It can be observed that P. heptaphyllum is a promising source of secondary compounds,
mainly flavonoids.
Gaya Hidup, Persepsi, dan Motivasi Konsumen Milenial terhadap Produk Berbasis Bubuk Teh Hijau: Studi Kasus pada Mahasiswa Antropologi Fisip Unpad
Authors: Ade Arintya Malika , Herawati Erna , Sita Kralawi 
Published: February 2023

Tidak kalah dengan negara-negara penghasil teh lainnya, industri produk teh pun turut berkembang juga di Indonesia. Diantara banyaknya teh yang terproduksi, Indonesia juga menjadi produsen salah satu bentuk olahan populer teh hijau; bubuk teh hijau. Untuk meningkatkan pemasaran dan penjualan produk bubuk teh hijau, perlu melihat gaya hidup dari konsumen yang hendak dituju, dimana nantinya faktor pendorong konsumen untuk mengonsumsi produk tersebut dapat terlihat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami dan mengkaji gaya hidup kelompok masyarakat muda, dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Antropologi FISIP Unpad, sebagai target konsumen dari produk bubuk teh hijau. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei secara daring, dimana data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Olahan bubuk teh hijau bukanlah suatu hal yang mengikat responden milenial secara kultural; (2) Tidak banyak hal yang membuat responden secara khusus memotivasi mereka untuk mengonsumsi bubuk teh hijau dalam kesehariannya; (3) Minimnya pengetahuan umum responden terkait produk bubuk teh hijau, pasalnya responden milenial tidak begitu memerhatikan aspek manfaat dari bubuk teh hijau, melainkan lebih fokus pada rasa dari produk tersebut; (4) Responden tidak menerapkan gaya hidup konsumen teh dimana mereka mengonsumsi bubuk teh hijau dalam kesehariannya, namun produk ini menjadi bagian dari konsumsi mereka dalam memenuhi kebutuhan sosial, sebagai produk makanan dan minuman untuk menemani mereka bersosialisasi, dibandingkan dikonsumsi sebagai produk kecantikan atau kesehatan; dan (5) Perlu adanya strategi pendekatan pada konsumen milenial dengan target membangun brand awareness yang dapat dilakukan melalui promosi yang dilakukan oleh para influencer dengan sebaran umur yang setara dengan generasi milenial.
C32B-03: A Perennial Snowfield Melt Model as a Synthesis of Climate, Field, and Remotely Sensed Data from the Brooks Range, Alaska (AGU 2022, Oral Session C32B)
Authors: Tedesche Molly E , Fassnacht Steven R , Trochim Erin D , Wolken Gabriel J 
Published: February 2023

Perennial snowfields, such as those found in the Brooks Range in Alaska,
are critical to alpine and arctic ecosystems, as they influence
downslope hydrology, vegetation, geology, and serve as habitat for an
array of wildlife, including caribou. Caribou are a crucial food and
cultural resource for Alaska Native subsistence hunters. To understand
extent changes and persistence of perennial snowfields, we developed a
spatially distributed perennial snowfield melt model using the
temperature melt index method, paired with multivariate binary logistic
regression. Input data for calibration and evaluation of the model are a
synthesis of climate reanalysis data and satellite imagery from both
multi-spectral (optical) data and synthetic aperture radar (SAR).
Temporal and spatial scale variations among input datasets, as well as
variations in distribution and extents of the snowfields themselves,
were accounted for using several methods. Snowfield metrics derived from
remote sensing data were evaluated by comparison with field collected
data.
Probabilities of perennial snowfield melt at several thresholds were
modeled using terrain-adjusted gridded temperature and net solar
radiation data with a digital elevation model (DEM). Conditions of
snowfield disappearance or persistence, from one melt season to the
next, were derived from Sentinel-2 optical imagery. Pixel wise
melt-onset and freeze-up dates were determined using a Sentinel-1 SAR
backscatter intensity differencing approach. The model was calibrated in
a focused study domain within the Brooks Range and evaluated in an
alternate location around the Alaska Native village of Anaktuvuk Pass.
Results of the perennial snowfield melt model indicate best performance
at probability thresholds from 50% to 70%. Local community members
from the village of Anaktuvuk Pass were involved in field work decision
making processes, as well as with data collection. The application of
this model will be for quantifying one of many potential contributing
factors to changes in arctic caribou herds that have been observed for
some time by Alaska Native subsistence hunters.
從艾儒略到馬禮遜——晚明入清基督文明在華策略檢討
Authors: 張 錯 
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.
艾儒略（Julio Aleni, 1582—1649）於1610年抵澳門，剛好利瑪竇逝世於北京。從輩份看來，他已屬耶穌會來華的第二代，但就歷史背景而言，艾氏橫跨晚明與清初兩朝交替，其傳教策略的傳承、改進、轉移與過渡，有ー定的歷史特性與位置。(撮要取自內文首段)
唐代的白話詩派
Authors: 項 楚 
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
唐代詩歌的百花園中，存在着一個游離於主流詩歌之外的白話詩派。它有着自己的形成和發展歷程，有着共同的藝術和思想傳統，擁有以王梵志和寒山爲代表的衆多的詩人。它基本上是一個佛教詩派，它的淵源、成立、發展、興盛和衰落，與中國禪學和禪宗保持着某種同步關係。由南北朝時期的禪學而產生了早期的白話詩，到初唐時期“王梵志詩”匯合了許多無名作者的白話詩，“白話詩派”便正式確立了。從慧能的禪宗興起之後，許多襌師創作了大量標示着個性宗風的偈頌，“白話詩派”不但完成了向南宗禪的轉型，而且進入了全盛時期。這種繁榮ー直延續到晚唐五代。北宋中葉“文字禪”興起，禪師們向文字中討生活，作爲一種思想運動的禪宗走向了衰落，禪宗詩偈也不再是真正意義上的白話詩了。There was a vernacular school, which drifted away from the main poem groups, in T’ang Dynasty. It had its own formation and development history, common art and thoughts tradition, and a number of poets, whose representative are Brahmacārin Wang （王梵志）and Cold Mountain（寒山）. In a word, it is a Buddhism poetic school. Its origin, shaping, expansion, prosperity and decline kept some synchronized relations with Chinese Dhyāna and Chinese Chan sects. The early vernacular poems came into being from the Dhyāna of Southern and Northern Dynasties. And the “vernacular school” formally established when the “Brahmacārin Wang’s poems” converged many unknown authors’ works in early T’ang Dynasty. A great deal of Chan masters created a large number of gāthā or Buddhist songs which expressed their individualities and religious styles after Huineng（惠能）’s Chan sect’s rising. Since then, the “vernacular school” not only had finished its transformation to South Sect Chan, but also gone into its period of full bloom. This flourishing lasted to Late T’ang and Five Dynasties on end. In middle period of North Song Dynasty, “Chinese Character Chan” appeared, and the Chan masters began to indulge in Chan recordation. Chinese Chan, as an thoughts movement, began to be on the decline. As a result, the gāthā or songs of Chan sects were not truly vernacular poems anymore.
梅曾亮的京師交遊與桐城古文的流衍全國
Authors: 魏 泉 
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
桐城派是中國文學史上的重要流派，“有清一代的古文，前前後後殆無不與桐城生關係”（郭紹虞語）。桐城古文的流傳，前後有三個重要時期：一是姚鼐晚年在江南的書院講學；二是道光年間梅曾亮在京師傳桐城古文義法；三是咸同間曾國藩登高一呼，奠定了桐城古文的中興局面。這三個時期中，桐城古文義法經由梅曾亮，如何在京師以及全國範圍内流傳，在以往的“桐城派”研究中，是一個非常薄弱的環節。梅曾亮傳播桐城古文，是通過師友交游的方式，不同於姚鼐的書院講學和曾國藩的幕府納士。這種交往難以從文論的角度來討論，但在衆多的清人文集中，又留有清晰的印跡。本文從京師士大夫的交往方式和特定的文人圈子入手，以具體史料來還原梅曾亮在京師的師友交游，和他周圍古文圈子的形成。同時，本文也兼顧這一古文圈予與京師其他士大夫圈子間離合交錯的關係，從而鈎沉出道光年間桐城古文經由梅曾亮的京師交游傳播到全國的具體過程。The T’ung-ch’eng school is a very important literary genre in Chinese literary history, “All prose of Qing dynasty have relationship with T’ung-ch’eng prose”. There are three important periods of time in the diffustion of T’ung-ch’eng prose writing law. In the first period Yao Nai teached in colleges of south city in his senectitude. In the second period Mei Tseng-liang associated with his “mentors and friends” in Hsuan-an of capital during Tao kuang period. In the third period Tseng Kuo-fan advocated T’ung-ch’eng Prose utmostly during Xian Feng and Tong Zhi period, causing the resurgence of the T’ung-ch’eng school. Among these periods, the study about the second is the most feeble tache. The method of Mei Tseng-liang transmited T’ung-ch’eng prose writing law in capital, is different from Yao Nai’s giving lectures and Tseng Kuo-fan’s setting up his private bureaucracy. It’s hard to discuss this association from the point of literary theory, but there have left a lot of testimony in poetry and prose anthology of Qing literati. My thesis starts with the association of capital literati, through citing detailed historial materials, to revivify the history of Mei Tseng-liang and the acient prose group around him. At the same time, I also pay attention to the other literati circles in capital, analyzing their anfractuous relationship, accordingly attest to the particular process of T’ung-ch’eng ancient prose spreading to all of the country through Mei Tseng-liang.
《詩辨新探》
Authors: 趙 逵夫 
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.
《詩辨新探》是先師郭晉稀先生於20世紀八十年代中期精心撰寫的一部專著。郭先生在《紅旗手》（《甘肅文藝》）1961年第1期開始發表他的《文心雕龍選譯》，是國内最早進行《文心雕龍》今譯工作的學者。1963年，他的《文心雕龍譯注十八篇》出版，次年香港建文書局加以翻印，後香港中流出版社有限公司等又加翻印，流佈港、臺及國外。1982年郭先生出版了《文心雕龍注譯》，九十年代中期又應岳麓書社之約撰《白話文心雕龍》。所以，他以研究《文心雕龍》而知名於海内外。意大利漢學家珊德拉教授對郭先生説，她研究《文心雕龍》就是從《文心雕龍譯注十八篇》入門的。臺灣師範大學教授、著名學者李曰剛先生受業於黄季剛，研治《文心雕龍》二十年，於1982年出版了《文心雕龍斛詮》，在臺灣影響甚大。據牟世金先生研究，〝至郭晉稀《文心雕龍十八篇》，始對《文心雕龍》的下篇有所調整。李書即主要據郭説改篇而又有新的增益〞。牟世金先生《臺灣〈文心雕龍〉研究鳥瞰》（山東大學出版社1985年12月），將郭、李兩書的篇次列出進行了比較。臺灣另一學者王更生的《文心雕龍導讀》，日本學者户田浩曉的《文心雕龍•前言》中，都提到郭晉稀先生的《文心雕龍譯注十八篇》，張少康、汪春泓、陳允鋒、陶禮天合著的《文心雕龍研究史》，周振甫主編《文心雕龍詞典》中，對郭師的《文心雕龍譯注十八篇》和《文心雕龍注譯》二書都有專門的評價。但是，郭先生在他的書中最滿意的並不是關於《文心雕龍》的，而是完成於八十年代末的《詩辯新探》。他説：〝這本書中更多地談了我自己的一些看法。〞(撮要取自內文首段)
《中國古代文學批評方法研究》
Authors: 饒 龍隼 
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.
近年來，學術界普遍關注現代學術規範問題。按時行的看法，學人談論更多的似乎是一些外在的規範，諸如應該尊重前人的學術成果，不可掠人之美；不要低水平重複前人的研究，而要有所創新；不要空疏浮躁急於求成，而應厚積薄發；不應視野狹隘觀念陳舊，要有全球眼光等等。這些規範針砭時弊，確有很大的現實意義。我亦學術中人，對之深有同感，頗願引爲治學準繩。(撮要取自內文首段)
唐代翰林與文學——以文史結合作歷史—文化的探索
Authors: 傅 璇琮 
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.
我從事於中國古代文學研究，除作家作品專題考證、論析外，總有一種意趣，就是想從不同的角度，探討一個時代知識分子的狀況，由此進一步探討某一歷史時期社會特有的文化面貌。古代士子，也就是知識分子，往往是詩文、戲曲、小説描寫的對象，而我們現在，也可以並應該將其作爲學術研究的對象。正因如此，我於上一世紀八十年代前期，就想以唐代科舉作爲中介環節，把它與文學溝通起來，試圖文史結合，選輯有關歷史記載與文學描述的材料，來研究唐代士子的生活道路、思維方式和心理狀態，想由此重現當時部分的時代風貌和社會習俗，這就是後於1986年出版的《唐代科舉與文學》（陝西人民出版社）。我想，研究中國社會及其文化形態，我們如能打通文、史、哲等相關學科，著重於探討知識分子的生活道路及社會處境，這將有利於對文學發展作全面的把握與歷史的考察。中國大陸自九十年代以來，在這方面已有一定成果，較早如南開大學羅宗强教授的《玄學與魏晉士人心態》（浙江人民出版社，1991年），今年我所看到的，如有《晚明士人心態及文學個案》（周明初著，東方出版社）、《市民、士人與故事：中國近古社會文化中的叙事》（高小康著，人民出版社）。這一研究動態，確也值得注意。(撮要取自內文首段)
“文人小説”與“奇書文體”
Authors: 浦 安迪 
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.
本文擬探討的主要論題是對明清古典小説之來源和文學性質的再評價。我對這研究對象的主導看法基於兩個核心概念：其一可名之曰“文人小説”論，其二則不妨稱之爲“奇書文體”説。所謂“文人小説”這一名稱是針對二十世紀學術界流行的“通俗文學”觀念，提出一個反論；也是嘗試對明清讀書人視小説爲“文人”之作的見解進行一番由現代比較文學角度的反思。明清長篇章回小説之“通俗文學”説的緣起，早始於五四運動前後，而尤得力於胡、魯、鄭三巨頭的提倡。胡適對《水滸傳》、《西遊記》等書一系列考證文章的基礎，就是建於它們是通俗文學的信念。魯迅又説：“元明之演義，自來盛行民間，其書故甚夥，而史志皆不録。唯明王圻作《續文獻通考》，高儒作《百川書志》，皆收《三國演義》及《水滸傳》，清初錢曾作《也是園書目》，亦有通俗小説《三國志》等三種”。魯迅的説法，今人奉爲定論。但細品其原意，其實不過是一種推測之詞而已，代表了五四時代尊白話貶文言和重小説輕詩文的一種共同的眼光。(撮要取自內文首段)
探索詩歌分體研究的新思路——以詩騒體式爲例
Authors: 葛 曉音 
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.
詩歌分體研究的歷史非常悠久，從古到今有關著述汗牛充棟。但是自二十世紀初古代文學研究開始走向現代化以來，能够突破古人的思維定勢，以科學的分析進行詩體研究的論著却不算多見。八十年代以來，與詩歌的外圍研究的豐碩成果相比，對文學本身的探索因爲缺乏深度而顯得滯後，其中詩歌的體式研究缺乏新思路也是一個重要原因。本文試圖聯繋筆者近兩年在詩騷體式研究方面的嘗試談談在這方面的淺見。(撮要取自內文首段)
香港詞語比較研究
Authors: 邵 敬敏 
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
本文舉例説明對香港詞語進行多角度比較研究的重要性，包括共時的横向比較、歷時的縱向比較、方言之間的内向比較以及跟外語之間的外向比較。重點是跟普通話的比較，並從同義語素的選擇、語序的顛倒、同形異義詞語、同義異形詞語以及義項的增加等幾個方面進行了分析，在此基礎上進一步討論香港方言詞語所透露出來的豐富的文化内涵。The paper illustrates the importance of comparative studies on Hong Kong dialect’s words, including the synchronic comparison, historical comparison, comparison with different dialects, and comparison with foreign languages. It focuses on the comparison between Hong Kong’s words and mandarin words, analyzing their differences in synonymous morphemes, word order, homographs, synonyms, and semantic items. It also discusses the cultural meanings of Hong Kong dialect’s words.
玄牝象與原子論——東西方本原哲學的差異
Authors: 李 葆嘉 
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
人類的思維方式和知識體系表現爲語言文字形態，本原學術模式積澱爲文字類型之中的先民對所用語言結構的自發分析。本文引進語言文字分析比較法以追溯東西方哲學原型的差異，並延伸到相應的一系列文化領域。（1）西方屈折結構的語音繼起性導致了“音素論”或解析思維模式，東方孤立結構的語音共起性孕育了“音節論”或整體思維模式。（2）原始神祇崇拜是哲學之母，西方哲學是源於自然神崇拜的“物理哲學”，中國哲學爲源於祖先神崇拜的“倫理哲學”。語言分析模式是哲學之父，西方哲學的“原子論”與音素論同構，中國哲學的“玄牝象”與音節論同構。（3）老子之“道”本義赤子而兼指爲產道和產子，玄牝象以人倫化育之道比類萬物產生之道，再及統治權術之道。（4）語言結構與思辨模式存在相關性。西方“邏輯論”源於屈折結構表音文化，中國“意象法”源於孤立結構表意文化。（5）東西方的精神信仰、個體價值、社會組織、科學技術和藝術風格的差别，是語言分析、本原哲學和思辨模式差異在這些領域中的延伸。（6）祇有揭出中國文化的DNA，才能從根本上解釋幾千年來的歷史中國，恰當描寫東西方文化合流中的現代中國以及預見未來中國。Man’s patterns of thought and knowledge systems are represented by linguistic morphology. The model of ontological academy is gathered and subsided as an automatic analysis of the structure of the current language by the primitives in typology of languages. The paper introduces an analytical and contrastive method of language to trace back the differences between Oriental and Occidental philosophical prototypes, and to extend into their respective cultural fields. (1) The speech ensuing of reflective structures of Occidental languages leads to “phonemic theory" or a parsing pattern of thought, while speech simultaneity of isolated structures of Oriental languages to “syllabic theory” or an integrated pattern of thought. (2) The worship of primitive gods is the mother of philosophy: Occidental philosophy originated from “physical philosophy” of the worship of natural gods, while Chinese philosophy from “ethic philosophy” of the worship of forefathers. The pattern of linguistic analysis is the father of philosophy: “atomic theory” of Occidental philosophy is isomorphic of phonemic theory, while “Meta-Female Symbol” of Chinese philosophy is of syllabic theory. (3) The denotation of “Dao”(道) of Laocius (老子) is a newborn baby, which means both the vagina and productivity, and “Meta-Female Symbol” compares the way of human ethic conversion and raising to the way of emerging all things, then to the way of ruling tactics. (4) There is a strong correlation between linguistic structures and patterns of speculation. Occidental "logic theory" originated from the culture in which sound is expressed by reflective structures, while Chinese "symbolic method" from the culture in which meaning is expressed by isolated structures. (5) The differences between Oriental and Occidental spiritual beliefs, individual values, social organizations, science and technology and artistic styles are the extension of the differences of linguistic analysis, ontological philosophy and pattern of thought in these fields. (6) Only when the DNA of Chinese culture is disclosed, can we interpret fundamentally a historical China with a several thousand years, and describe appropriately a modern China in the converging current between Oriental and Occidental cultures, and predicate exactly a future China.
“大時代”裏的“現代文學”
Authors: 王 曉明 
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.
1927年冬天，魯迅這樣概括中國的狀況：“中國現在是一個進向大時代的時代。但這所謂大，並不一定指可以由此得生，而也可以由此得死。”借用他後來的話説，這“大時代”“也如醫學上的所謂‘極期’一般，是生死的分歧，能一直得到死亡，也能由此至於恢復。”(撮要取自內文首段)
試論“五四”新文學運動的先鋒性
Authors: 陳 思和 
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.
“五四”新文學運動在20世紀中國文學史上究竟起了什麽樣的作用？這個問題長期以來似乎不證自明，因爲它是20世紀中國文學的源泉或者是唯一的文學傳統。在中國大陸的文學史著作裏，“五四”新文學運動是作爲整個現代文學的起點。按照這樣的自在邏輯，1917年以後的中國文學發展軌跡，基本上是“五四”新文學的邏輯發展之結果，它自成一個由失落到回歸的演變過程；而1917年以前的晚清和民初文學，只是“五四”新文學運動的準備階段，他們的有價值與否，取決於對“五四”新文學的形成是否有鋪墊作用，並且依據進化論的觀念，“五四”新文學運動一旦正式登場，所有以前的“舊”文學都失去了存在的意義，不僅封建遺老們的舊詩詞和舊語體散文都成爲廢紙，連作爲新文學準備階段的前現代文學因素（如林紓的翻譯、梁任公的散文以及晚清小説等等）也都成爲過時的東西而被歷史淘汰。(撮要取自內文首段)
王國維（1877ー1927）在清末民初中國學術轉型中的貢獻
Authors: 張 廣達 
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
本文是張廣達教授於2005年2月23日在香港浸會大學中文系所作的學術講演。文中論述了清末民初社會環境的特點，以及中國學術發展的傳統理路所遭遇的挑戰。認爲王國維在中國學術轉型中的貢獻在於：他是首先認識到“工具概念”並運用概念化理性思維的學者。特别是在歷史理性思維方面，爲中國學術提供了新的研究範式。同時也指出了王國維在具體治學方法上的成功經驗及其在意識形態方面的不足之處。The present article is based on a lecture given at Department of Chinese Language and Literature of Hong Kong Baptist University on February 23, 2005. It presents a discussion of the essential characteristics of the social conditions of Late Qing and Early Republican China, and the severe challenges confronted by the traditional scholars who followed conventional paradigms during this transitional period. The author points out that Wang Guowei’s most important contribution is that he was the first Chinese scholar who adopted the concept of an “instrumental apparatus” and applied it in rational thinking. It was Wang who provided a paradigm of the exercise of rationalism in historical studies for Chinese scholars. This paper also summarizes the remarkable merits of Wang’s conceptual and methodological attempts, as well as exploring his ideological deficiencies.
宋代刻石文化與民間及官署刻工考
Authors: 程 章燦 
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
宋代刻石文化十分發達，朝廷政治中有一套明確的刻石制度，刻帖也成爲一種時代風尚。與此相聯繫，宋代民間刻工不僅呈現家族化傾向，而且出現了刻石作坊。在中書省、少府監及翰林御書院（後改稱翰林書藝局）等官署中，都設有刻石員屬。本文以出土文獻爲主，結合傳世文獻，以宋代刻石文化爲背景，對民間刻工及官署刻工進行研究，意在突出宋代書法史的刻工背景。The stone inscription in Sung dynasty is such a notable cultural phenomenon that it constitutes an integrate part of the politics and calligraphy at that time. The stone inscribers, who played an important role in this cultural context, formed a group of people that needs special attention. Although some of them were from the countryside and some of them served at a government office, they had been both ignored for a long time. Based on the historical texts and the excavated stone inscriptions, this paper makes an investigation on the inscribers, their office, identity and their inscriptions.