bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gas fracturing behavior and breakdown pressure prediction model for granite under different confining pressure and injection rate
Authors: Long Xiting , Xie Heping , Liu Jie , Li Ning , Li Cunbao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractConventional hydraulic fracturing techniques are often found problematic for extracting geothermal energy in hot dry rock (HDR). As an alternative, employing the less viscous gas to replace water as the fracturing fluid showed great potential for more effective fracturing of HDR. In this work, the failure behavior and mechanism of granite during gas fracturing under different confining pressures and gas injection rates are comprehensively examined. It is shown that the breakdown pressure increases with the increase of confining pressure, whereas higher gas injection rate can result in evident decrease of the breakdown pressure. As the confining pressure grows, the acoustic emission (AE) event increases rapidly, with much higher AE counts observed at high gas injection rates than at low injection rates. Comparatively, the AE energy decreases under high confining pressure, due probably to granite transitioning from brittle to ductile. It is interesting that theb-value of AE varies dramatically as the gas injection rate becomes higher with significant fluctuations, indicating the ratio of large fracture and small fracture changes drastically during gas fracturing. In addition, the length of the induced fractures decreases with the increase of confining pressure during gas fracturing, and the length and width of vertical fractures are evidently larger when at high gas injection rate. Last, a novel theoretical predictive model is proposed for estimating breakdown pressure during gas fracturing based on the average tensile stress criteria, which is featured by considering the effect of confining pressure and gas flow behaviors. The theoretical prediction agrees with the experimental results. The present study can provide valuable results for theoretical analysis and engineering applications of gas fracturing in stimulating the HDR reservoirs.
Versuch einer Reaktivierung des semantischen Netzwerks als Werkzeug zur Ermittlung der kognitiven Mechanismen bei der Bedeutungsbildung am Beispiel der Präposition an
Authors: Mazurkiewicz-Sokołowska Jolanta 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungDie meisten kognitionslinguistischen Studien zur Semantik der Präposition stützen sich auf englisches Sprachmaterial. Dabei stoßen polysemische korpusbasierte Analysen aufgrund methodologischer Unzulänglichkeiten auf Probleme und Kritik. Diese betreffen die Netzwerke, die Kriterien der Bedeutungsdifferenzierung und den Umfang der zu untersuchenden sprachlichen Einheit. So wurden Netzwerkanalysen zu Präpositionen nahezu aufgegeben. Der Beitrag liefert am Beispiel der bidirektionalen PräpositionanEvidenz, dass trotz der Kritik Netzwerke ein geeignetes Werkzeug zur Erfassung des konzeptuellen Potenzials der präpositionalen Kategorien darstellen. Sie können als theoretische Modelle der mentalen Repräsentation der Bedeutungen der Präpositionen fungieren. Im Beitrag werden die prototypische Bedeutung der Präpositionan, Konzeptualisierungen ihrer räumlichen und abstrakten Bedeutungserweiterungen sowie nicht eindeutige Beispiele diskutiert. Im Schlussteil wird für die intensivierten, sprachvergleichenden und korpusbasierten Netzwerkanalysen der präpositionalen Kategorien argumentiert, da sie das konzeptuelle Potenzial der Netzwerke samt deren Anwendungsmöglichkeiten und -grenzen kontrastiv beleuchten. Damit wäre auch für die weiterführenden sprachspezifischen und sprachenübergreifenden Netzwerkanalysen der Grund gelegt.
Detection of Cd2+ based on Nano-Fe3O4/MoS2/Nafion/GCE sensor
Authors: Gao Jiaqi , Qiu Chengjun , Qu Wei , Zhuang Yuan , Wang Ping , Yan Yirou , Wu Yuxuan , Zeng Zexi , Huang Gao , Deng Ruonan , Yan Guohui , Yan Jiaqi , Zhang Ruoyu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIt is necessary to detect cadmium ions in seawater with high sensitivity because the pollution of cadmium ions seriously endangers the health and life of human beings. Nano-Fe3O4/MoS2/Nafion modified glassy carbon electrode was prepared by a drop coating method. The electrocatalytic properties of Nano-Fe3O4/MoS2/Nafion were measured by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV). Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) was used to study the stripping Voltammetry response of the modified electrode to Cd2+. The optimal conditions were determined: In 0.1 mol/L HAc-NaAc solution, the solution pH was 4.2, the deposition potential was − 1.0 V, and the deposition time was 720 s, the membrane thickness was 8 μL. Under the optimum condition, the linear relation of Cd2+ concentration was found in the range of 5–300 μg/L, and the detection limit was 0.053 μg/L. The recovery of Cd2+ in seawater ranged from 99.2 to 102.9%. A composite material with simple operation, rapid response and high sensitivity was constructed for the determination of Cd2+ in seawater.
Graphical abstract
Intergenerational livelihood dependence on ecosystem services: A descriptive analysis of the ivory palm in coastal Ecuador
Authors: Salgado Jorge , Montúfar Rommel , Gehrung Jacob , Atallah Shady S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractResearch on ecosystem services (ES) is heavily concentrated on ecological and economic indicators and values, with a much more limited understanding of communities’ dependence on cultural ES. That body of research is also typically focused on current generations and generates limited insights into the intergenerational dynamics of ES dependence. We use a survey of six palm harvesting communities in coastal western Ecuador to assess the livelihood dependence of four generations on 17 ES provided by the ivory palm, a near-threatened keystone species in Ecuador, Colombia, and Panama. Despite the historical prominence of the use of the ivory palm’s nut, we find that dependence is highest for regulating, supporting, and cultural ES, a result that holds across generations. We find a negative association between the current generation’s dependence on the ivory palm’s provisioning ES and that of their grandparents, who experienced the historical boom of the ivory palm’s nut exports. In contrast, respondents expect the future generation’s dependence to be positively associated with that of the grandparents’ generation. We find that provisioning ES have a complementary relationship with cultural ES and a substitutive relationship with supporting ES. Relationships across ES categories can be reversed from one generation to the next.
Upper large deviations for power-weighted edge lengths in spatial random networks
Authors: Hirsch Christian , Willhalm Daniel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe study the large-volume asymptotics of the sum of power-weighted edge lengths
$\sum_{e \in E}|e|^\alpha$
in Poisson-based spatial random networks. In the regime
$\alpha > d$
, we provide a set of sufficient conditions under which the upper-large-deviation asymptotics are characterized by a condensation phenomenon, meaning that the excess is caused by a negligible portion of Poisson points. Moreover, the rate function can be expressed through a concrete optimization problem. This framework encompasses in particular directed, bidirected, and undirected variants of the k-nearest-neighbor graph, as well as suitable
$\beta$
-skeletons.
P.051 Effect of lemborexant on cognition in patients with comorbid insomnia disorder and mild obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Moline M , Cheng JY , Kumar D , Ramos B , Lowe AD 
Published: June 2023

Background: Some sleep-promoting medications are associated with cognitive impairment, making treatment of comorbid obstructive-sleep-apnea (OSA) and insomnia (COMISA) challenging. Lemborexant is a dual-orexin-receptor-antagonist approved for insomnia treatment. This post-hoc analysis evaluated cognition in the subgroup of subjects with mild-OSA (apnea-hypopnea-index ≥5–<15 events/h-of-sleep). Methods: Study E2006-G000-304 was a 1-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo (PBO)- and active-comparator (zolpidem-ER 6.25mg [ZOL])-controlled study of lemborexant 5/10mg (LEM5/LEM10). Subjects ≥55y with insomnia disorder/sleep maintenance problems were enrolled (N=1006). A cognitive-performance assessment battery (CPAB) was performed at morning waketime of Days(D)2/3 and D30/31. Change-from-baseline (CFB) for mean power-of-attention (PoA), continuity-of-attention (CoA), quality-of-memory (QoM), and speed-of-memory-retrieval (SoMR) for CPAB tasks was analyzed. Results: The mild-OSA subgroup comprised 410 (40.8%) subjects. On D2/3 and D30/31, CFB for PoA, CoA, QoM, and SoMR for LEM5/LEM10 were not significantly different than PBO. On D2/3, PoA and QoM were significantly worse with ZOL vs PBO; QoM was significantly better with LEM5/LEM10 vs ZOL. On D30/31, SoMR was significantly worse with ZOL vs PBO and significantly better with LEM5/LEM10 vs ZOL. LEM safety in the subgroup was consistent with the overall study population. Conclusions: Memory and attention domains in subjects with COMISA characterized by mild-OSA were not impacted by LEM, unlike ZOL.Support: Eisai Inc.
Geometrical sets with forbidden configurations
Authors: Castro-Silva Davi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Given finite configurations

$P_1, \dots , P_n \subset \mathbb {R}^d$

, let us denote by

$\mathbf {m}_{\mathbb {R}^d}(P_1, \dots , P_n)$

the maximum density a set

$A \subseteq \mathbb {R}^d$

can have without containing congruent copies of any

$P_i$

. We will initiate the study of this geometrical parameter, called the independence density of the considered configurations, and give several results we believe are interesting. For instance we show that, under suitable size and nondegeneracy conditions,

$\mathbf {m}_{\mathbb {R}^d}(t_1 P_1, t_2 P_2, \dots , t_n P_n)$

progressively ‘untangles’ and tends to

$\prod _{i=1}^n \mathbf {m}_{\mathbb {R}^d}(P_i)$

as the ratios

$t_{i+1}/t_i$

between consecutive dilation parameters grow large; this shows an exponential decay on the density when forbidding multiple dilates of a given configuration, and gives a common generalization of theorems by Bourgain and by Bukh in geometric Ramsey theory. We also consider the analogous parameter

$\mathbf {m}_{\mathbb {S}^d}(P_1, \dots , P_n)$

in the more complicated framework of sets on the unit sphere

$\mathbb {S}^d$

, obtaining the corresponding results in this setting.
“My Heart Is a Piece of Stone”: Anxious Separations and Emotional Dislocations in British Correspondence from the Long Second World War
Authors: Summerfield Penny 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHistorians who write about emotion in wartime focus mainly on the experiences of front-line soldiers and of civilians under bombardment exposed to life-threatening events. However, in Britain in World War II, conscription, mobilization, and evacuation inflicted hugely disruptive separations on a large proportion of the population, and the emotions that they provoked have been under-examined. This paper excavates emotion in an unusually complete set of letters written by a British working-class couple between 1941 and 1946. Interpreting letter writing as a technology of the self, it explores their letter-writing practices and uses psychoanalytic theory to comprehend the anxieties that their letters document. Wartime and postwar separation, enforced by conscription, challenged their aspirations to a companionate marital style and added to the complexities of pregnancy and parenthood. The sickness and hospitalization of their baby in 1945–46, in the era before the establishment of the National Health Service, introduced a new dimension to separation. Occurring at a time when the couple were even further apart geographically than during the war itself and letters were the only regular means of connection, this trauma imposed massive marital and, particularly, maternal strain. By analyzing and contextualizing the increasingly fraught exchanges between a mother on her own and a man at the front line, this article throws new light on epistolary constructions of anxious separations and emotional dislocations in the long Second World War.
Provocation by Witchcraft: Exploring the Evolution of the Kenyan Courts’ Interpretation of the Doctrine of Provocation in Relation to Witchcraft Beliefs
Authors: Owusu Emmanuel Sarpong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe belief in witchcraft and sorcery is a significant cause of intentional homicide in Kenya. Moreover, those who kill people suspected of being witches often employ as a defense for their actions the so-called provocation by witchcraft argument: the homicide was purportedly committed under the influence of belief in witchcraft and sorcery. One major legal difficulty that the Kenyan courts have frequently been invited to resolve is thus the question as to whether the belief in witchcraft and sorcery avails to an accused person the defense of grave provocation and, if so, under what circumstances. Drawing largely on pertinent case law, statutes, and academic literature, the author explores the controversy over provocation by witchcraft. The author first offers an exposition of the concept of witchcraft and sorcery in Africa and critically discusses the evolution of the Kenyan courts’ interpretation of the country’s law on provocation in relation to witchcraft beliefs since the 1930s. The author establishes that under the current Kenyan common law, defenses of heat of passion and sudden provocation may apply in instances where there is no real provocation and that the courts have exceeded the boundaries of the provocation defense without well-grounded reasons. The author cautions that giving the doctrine of provocation such a broad construction and application may increase the already rampant killings of suspected witches in Kenya.
Exact convergence analysis for metropolis–hastings independence samplers in Wasserstein distances
Authors: Brown Austin , Jones Galin L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUnder mild assumptions, we show that the exact convergence rate in total variation is also exact in weaker Wasserstein distances for the Metropolis–Hastings independence sampler. We develop a new upper and lower bound on the worst-case Wasserstein distance when initialized from points. For an arbitrary point initialization, we show that the convergence rate is the same and matches the convergence rate in total variation. We derive exact convergence expressions for more general Wasserstein distances when initialization is at a specific point. Using optimization, we construct a novel centered independent proposal to develop exact convergence rates in Bayesian quantile regression and many generalized linear model settings. We show that the exact convergence rate can be upper bounded in Bayesian binary response regression (e.g. logistic and probit) when the sample size and dimension grow together.
CONCAVITY PROPERTY OF MINIMAL INTEGRALS WITH LEBESGUE MEASURABLE GAIN
Authors: GUAN QI’AN , YUAN ZHENG 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this article, we present a concavity property of the minimal
$L^{2}$
integrals related to multiplier ideal sheaves with Lebesgue measurable gain. As applications, we give necessary conditions for our concavity degenerating to linearity, characterizations for 1-dimensional case, and a characterization for the holding of the equality in optimal
$L^2$
extension problem on open Riemann surfaces with weights may not be subharmonic.
Climate change intensified violence in the south-central Andean highlands from 1.5 to 0.5 ka
Authors: Snyder Thomas J. , Haas Randall 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe archaeology of the pre-contact Andes provides an ideal study of human responses to climate change given the region's extreme climatic variability, excellent archaeological preservation, and robust paleoclimate records. We evaluate the effects of climate change on the frequency of interpersonal violence in the south-central Andes from ca. 1.5–0.5 ka (AD 470–1540) by comparing incidents of skeletal trauma observed among 2753 crania from 58 sites to rates of ice accumulation at the Quelccaya Glacier. We find that, in the highlands, the odds of identifying inter-personal violence increase on average by a multiplicative factor of 2.4 (1.8–3.2; 95% C.I.) for every 10-centimeter decrease in annual ice accumulation. Our statistical analysis does not detect a relationship between ice accumulation and interpersonal violence rates among coastal or mid-elevation populations. This disparity likely resulted from variable economic and sociopolitical strategies at different elevations. The failure of rain-fed agriculture during periods of drought and concomitant dissolution of organizing polities likely predisposed highland populations to socioeconomic stress and violent competition for limited resources. Conversely, diversity among lowland and midland economies may have buffered against the effect of drought.
Parental Self-Efficacy Among Israeli Older Adults
Authors: Kestler–Peleg Miri , Greenblatt-Kimron Lee , Even-Zohar Ahuva , Lavenda Osnat 
Published: June 2023

AbstractParental self-efficacy (PSE) is a central aspect of parenting research. Although parenting continues in older ages, few studies have focused on PSE among older adults. In line with the parenting determinant model, the study examined the associations between psychological distress, social support, loneliness, and PSE in older age.The study used a quantitative cross-sectional survey, including 362 Israeli parents age 65 years and above. Participants were asked to complete questionnaires of psychological distress, social support, loneliness, PSE, and background information.Results revealed that higher PSE was associated with lower psychological distress, higher social support, and a lower sense of loneliness in older adults. The research model explained 36.9 per cent of the variance in PSE among older adults.Mental state and social conditions are important for PSE of older adults; therefore, professionals should ensure the availability of diverse solutions to enable, maintain, and promote well-being through social and familial engagement in this population.
Mental health among bereaved youth in the ALSPAC birth cohort: Consideration of early sociodemographic precursors, cognitive ability, and type of loss
Authors: Denckla Christy A. , Espinosa Dice Ana Lucia , Slopen Natalie , Koenen Karestan C. , Tiemeier Henning 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground:Bereaved youth are at greater risk for adverse mental health outcomes, yet less is known about how social context shapes health for bereaved children. Ecosocial theory is employed to conceptualize bereavement in the context of sociodemographic factors.Method:This longitudinal study used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Of the 15,454 pregnancies enrolled, 5050 youth were still enrolled at age 16.5 and completed self-report questionnaires on life events and emotional/behavioral symptoms.Results:Sociodemographic precursors associated with parent, sibling, or close friend bereavement included maternal smoking, parental education levels, and financial difficulties. The significant yet small main effect of higher cognitive ability, assessed at age 8, on reduced emotional/behavioral symptoms at age 16.5 (β = −0.01, SE = 0.00, p < 0.001) did not interact with bereavement. Bereavement of a parent, sibling, or close friend was associated with a 0.19 point higher emotional/behavioral symptom log score compared to non-bereaved youth (95% CI: 0.10–0.28), across emotional, conduct, and hyperactivity subscales.Conclusions:Descriptive findings suggest sociodemographic precursors are associated with bereavement. While there was an association between the bereavement of a parent, sibling, or close friend and elevated emotional/behavioral symptoms, cognitive ability did not moderate that effect.
Deregulation as a source of China’s economic growth
Authors: Pan Shiyuan , Xu Kai , Zhao Kai , Chen Tianxu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe develop a simple two-sector neoclassical growth model in which the upstream sector produces intermediate goods, and the downstream sector produces final goods with outputs from the upstream. While the downstream sector features perfect competition, firms in the upstream sector engage in Cournot competition and charge a markup. We show that the deregulation and the introduction of competition in the upstream goods sector not only increases the productivity in the sector but also has a substantial spillover effect on the productivity of the downstream sector and factor prices. We calibrate the model to the Chinese economy and use the calibrated model to quantitatively evaluate the extent to which the deregulation in the upstream market in China from 1998 to 2006 can account for the rapid economic growth and the high and rising returns to capital in China over the same period. Our quantitative experiments show that the deregulation in the upstream sector can account for a significant share of economic growth in China during the study period. In addition, our model delivers implications that are consistent with several other relevant observations in China during the same period.
Cooking behaviours after Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) participation among DPP participants in Baltimore, MD
Authors: Russell Lauren E , Tse Jillian , Bowie Janice , Richardson Caroline R , Trubek Amy , Maruthur Nisa , Wolfson Julia A 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjective:The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) is a widely implemented 12-month behavioural weight loss programme for individuals with prediabetes. The DPP covers nutrition but does not explicitly incorporate cooking skills education. The objective of the current study is to describe food and cooking skills (FACS) and strategies of recent DPP participants.Design:Photo-elicitation in-depth interviews were conducted from June to August, 2021.Setting:Baltimore, MD, USA.Participants:Thirteen Black women who participated in DPP.Results:The DPP curriculum influenced participants’ healthy cooking practices. Many participants reported shifting from frying foods to air-frying and baking foods to promote healthier cooking and more efficient meal preparation. Participants also reported that their participation in DPP made them more mindful of consuming fruits and vegetables and avoiding foods high in carbohydrates, fats, sugars and Na. With respect to food skills, participants reported that they were more attentive to reading labels and packaging on foods and assessing the quality of ingredients when grocery shopping.Conclusions:Overall, participants reported changing their food preferences, shopping practices and cooking strategies to promote healthier eating after completing the DPP. Incorporating hands-on cooking skills and practices into the DPP curriculum may support sustained behaviour change to manage prediabetes and prevent development of type 2 diabetes among participants.