bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pyrazoline and Analogs: Substrate-based Synthetic Strategies
Authors: Singh Himanshu , Kumar Rajnish , Mazumder Avijit 
Published: August 2023

Abstract:
Among the many reports published on strategies applicable to synthesizing pyrazolines
and its analogs, The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition offers a remarkably wide range of
utility. Many 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions used for the synthesis of pyrazolines provide
better selectivity, eco-friendly, and less expensive chemical processes. In the presented
study, we have reviewed various recently adopted strategies for the synthesis of pyrazoline,
which followed the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions mechanism and classified them
based on starting materials such as nitrile imines, diazo compounds, different zwitter ions,
chalcones, and isoprene units. The manuscript also focused on the synthesis of pyrazolines
starting from Seyferth−Gilbert reagents (SGR) and Psilostachyin (PSH) reagents. We hope
this work will help those engaged or have plans to research pyrazoline or its analogs, as
synthetic protocols based on starting material are rarely available for pyrazolines. Thus, this
article holds a valuable complement to the development of newer pyrazoline and its
derivatives
Targeting ADA and HIV-1 Nef Protein with Protease Inhibitors: A Repurposing Strategy through Molecular Networking and an In silico Approach for Integrated Management of HIV Co-infected with Abdominal Tuberculosis
Authors: Ganesan Ramasamy , Premkumar Kuduva Gurumoorthy , Thangavelu Saravanan , Chellappa Selvinthanuja , Vivekanandan Lalitha , Veerasamy Ravichandran , M.R. Pradeep Kumar , Thangavelu Prabha 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Background: The co-infection of HIV and abdominal TB poses a worldwide danger to humanity. This is because there are more strains of bacteria that are resistant to many classes of currently available medications. According to current findings, repurposing existing available medications will result in more effective functioning than using newly designed medications.

Objective:
Based on this fact, we hypothesised that the PI could be repurposed; we used Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved PI drugs to treat HIV co-infected patients with abdominal TB, and a computational study has been conducted.

Methods:
This comprises network analysis models to find their protein drug interaction (PDI) through a search tool for interacting chemicals (STICH) module of Cytoscape network analysis model followed by the screening of these drugs for their ADMET prediction and binding affinity with adenosine deaminase (ADA), a protein responsible for abdominal TB, and the HIV-1 Nef protein, responsible for the regulation of immune function (CD4+).

Results:
The network analysis showed 13 nearest binding drugs of these proteins of interest. The ADMET
study result showed the pharmacologically relevant parameters that have a significant effect on the binding
affinity, bioavailability, and toxicity of PI. The top three scores achieved by PI against adenosine
deaminase enzyme activity (PDB ID: 1A4M) are viz., -23.7919, -23.3529, and -22.6773 for Ritonavir,
Tipranavir, and Atazanavir, respectively. The top three scores achieved by PI against HIV-1 Nef protein
activity (PDB ID: 6URI) are viz., -28.7321, -28.4987, and -28.3155 for Atazanavir, Tipranavir, and
Simeprevir, respectively. The active site of ADA and HIV-1 Nef proteins comprises amino acid residues
such as for Tipranavir: Arene-Cation interaction (Phenyl and Pyridine)- Arg B1081, and Lys B1033
(1A4M) and Arene-Cation interaction (Pyridine and Phenyl)- Lys D11 and Arg D33; Sidechain acceptor
Thr B40; Sidechain donor- Asp D30; Backbone donor- Ala B37 (6URI). Atazanavir: Arene-Cation interaction
(Phenyl)- Lys A254 and Lys B1033; Sidechain acceptor - Arg A251 (1A4M).

Conclusion:
Thus, from the computational studies carried out, we could obtain hints for optimising the molecular selectivity of the PI to provide help in the design of new compounds via the repurposing strategy of the FDA-approved PI for effective treatment of co-morbidity with HIV and abdominal TB. However, further pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, preclinical, and clinical studies permit the design of the new agents without undesirable interactions.
Epigrammatic Review on Heterocyclic Moiety Pyrazole: Applications and
Synthesis Routes
Authors: Jain Sapna 
Published: August 2023

Abstract:
Heterocyclic compounds are amongst the most promising and versatile classes of biologically
important molecules. One of the heterocycle molecules is pyrazole with a five-membered heterocyclic
ring with two neighboring nitrogen. Pyrazole and its derivatives have shown a broad range of
biological applications like antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancerous, and
herbicidal activities. The study of synthetic routes suggests three broad ways: cyclo-condensation of
hydrazine and its derivatives on 1,3 difunctional systems, dipolar cycloadditions, and multicomponent
reactions. The synthesis of pyrazoles involves the usage of a conventional catalyst and more progressive
and efficient nanoparticles as catalysts. The use of nanocatalysts is grabbing the attention of researchers
owing to their more efficacy and reproducibility, low cost, reusability, ease of production,
etc. The current review is an epigrammatic study on the importance of pyrazole as a biologically important
moiety, recent advances in the three aforementioned routes to synthesize pyrazole and its derivatives,
and a brief on the importance of nanocatalysts.
Epigenetics and Forensics: Brightening the Future
Authors: Rezaei Bareza , Ahadi Maryam , Astaraki Peyman 
Published: August 2023

Abstract:
Epigenetics deals with the changes in gene expression (no change in the genetic code) concerning certain epigenetic elements in response to the environment. Some of the most common epigenetic examples include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs. This field has been extensively applied in forensic studies, particularly to determine types of body fluids, distinguish them from mixed samples, uncovering the biological age of the forensic samples and drug-based studies. Considering recent findings, this review highlights the applications of epigenetics in forensic investigations.
Patented Formulations, Nanotherapeutics and Herbal Compound
Applications for Dry Eye : A Review
Authors: Pal Vindhya , Verma Sushma 
Published: August 2023

Background:
The defining features of dry eye syndrome, a frequent tear and ocular surface
multifactorial disorder, are changes in the ocular surface epithelia linked with less tear production and
elevated sensitivity of the ocular surface, which trigger an inflammatory response. Aqueous deficit dry
eye and evaporated dry eye are the two common types of dry eye. A few of the testing methods used
to detect Dry Eye Disease are the Schirmer’s test, Tear Meniscus Volume, Tear Break-up Time, Tear
Film Thickness, Meibomian Gland Infrared Meibography, Lissamine Green Staining, and Rose Bengal
Staining. Hyperosmolarity and instability are the main pathogenic processes of dry eye disease.
These systems are intricately linked to one another and create a "vicious circle" that never ends.

Objective:
The objective of this review was to describe patented formulations, novel drug delivery
systems and herbal drugs for Dry Eye Disease.

Results:
Following a thorough assessment, the current study has elaborated a number of patented formulations
in the form of contact lenses, biomarkers, novel approaches, and emulsions (traditional dosage
forms) as well as natural medicines. In comparison to standard dosage forms, contact lenses and
novel approaches have longer contact times and higher bioavailability.

Conclusion:
In this paper, the diagnostic methods of dry eye disease, the outcomes of pathophysiology,
herbal treatments, nanotherapeutics, and current patented medicine formulations are described.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Dispensing Practice of Emergency Contraceptive
Pills among Community Pharmacists: A Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Sunny Anjo , Varghese Treesa P. , Mary Varghese Nila 
Published: August 2023

Background:
The improper or incorrect usage of birth control results in unintended pregnancy.
In India, 78% of pregnancies are accidental, with unwanted pregnancies accounting for about
25% of all pregnancies. The family, society, and country may all be financially impacted by such
pregnancies. Community pharmacists must have a good attitude and sufficient knowledge of emergency
contraception pills (ECPs) in order for women to receive them in a timely manner and as a result,
have fewer unintended pregnancies. The purpose of this study is to investigate the knowledge, attitude,
and, practices of community pharmacy practitioners towards ECPs.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was carried out on retail pharmacies located in Madhya Pradesh,
Mumbai. A standardized questionnaire was used in 164 community pharmacies to interview about
CPPs using a convenience sampling technique. The survey evaluated the CPP's dispensing procedures,
knowledge, attitude, and demographic profile. Data analysis was carried out by using the statistical
package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 18 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).

Results:
A total of 164 registered pharmacists participated in the study, which included 76.1 %
(n=124) males and 23.9% (n=39) females. Among all the participants, 73.0% of them had a diploma
in pharmacy (D Pharm) education, and half of the study participants had a working experience between
1-5 years. In this study, 56.64 %, 27.6%, and 16% of participants had average knowledge,
sound knowledge, and poor knowledge, respectively. Results showed that 90.2% (147) of pharmacists
came under the positive attitude category, 5.5% of pharmacists had a negative attitude, and 4.3% had a
neutral attitude. A moderate positive linear relationship (0.401) existed between the knowledge and
attitude of the pharmacist in this study. Attitude and dispensing of emergency OC as OTC to people
older than 18 years old and less than 18 years old showed a moderate negative linear relationship. After
adjusting the possible confounder variables, age and years of experience significantly affected the
knowledge, attitude, and practice of EC.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the present study has shown that there is generally a lack of knowledge
and poor attitude toward emergency contraceptive medicines among community pharmacists. Therefore,
it is recommended that improving pharmacist's knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) through
proper training and counseling about EC can enhance the appropriate use of drugs.
Effect of Calcitriol in Inhibiting the Cancer Cell Growth and Promoting Apoptosis in
ErbB2-positive Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Selvaraj Nagaraj Balan , Swaroop Akey Krishna , Mariappan Esakkimuthukumar , Natarajan Jawahar , Thangavelu Prabha , Selvaraj Jubie 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Targeted therapies, specifically ErbB family tyrosine kinase inhibitors, have demonstrated
potential for improving outcomes in patients with ErbB2-positive breast cancer. Despite their effectiveness, these therapies
are associated with limitations, including high costs, side effects, drug resistance, lack of specificity, and toxicity.
To overcome these challenges, drug repurposing has emerged as a promising strategy in breast cancer treatment.

Objective:
The aim of this investigation was to assess the influence of calcitriol on breast cancer cell lines expressing
ErbB2 and comparing its effects with the conventional treatment, neratinib.

Methods:
We employed an MTT test to determine cell viability and utilized staining techniques to assess cell apoptosis.
Flow cytometry was used to evaluate cell cycle arrest, while a scratch wound healing test was performed to examine
cancer cell migration ability. Additionally, gene expression studies were conducted for calcitriol and neratinib to
support our hypothesis regarding the ErbB2 gene.

Results:
The repurposing of calcitriol demonstrated enhanced efficacy in suppressing cancer cell growth in ErbB2-
positive breast cancer. Proportionally, calcitriol significantly reduced the viability of SK-BR-3 cells, similar to neratinib.
Furthermore, calcitriol exhibited significant cytotoxicity against neratinib and substantially reduced breast cancer
cell growth. These findings were corroborated by the wound healing assay, cell cycle arrest analysis, and gene expression
studies, demonstrating comparable efficacy to the standard treatment, neratinib.

Conclusion:
The findings from this investigation offer compelling proof that highlights the promising role of calcitriol
as an adjuvant drug with antiproliferative and antitumoral effects in the management of ErbB2-positive breast carcinoma
patients. Therefore, we recommend further evaluation of calcitriol in clinical settings, particularly for the treatment
of ErbB2-positive breast cancer, as it shows promise as a valuable therapeutic option.
The Therapeutic Effect of Silymarin and Silibinin on Depression and Anxiety Disorders and Possible Mechanism in the Brain: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rostamian Sahar , Heidari-Soureshjani Saeid , Sherwin Catherine M.T. 
Published: August 2023

Background:Depression and anxiety are the most common mental disorders worldwide.Objective:We aimed to review silymarin and silibinin effects and underlying mechanisms in the central nervous system (CNS) for depression and anxiety treatment.Methods:The research protocol was prepared based on following the PRISMA statement. An extensive search was done in essential databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science (ISI), Embase, and Scopus. Considering the study inclusion and exclusion criteria, 17 studies were finally included. The desired information was extracted from the studies and recorded in Excel, and the consequences and mechanisms were reviewed.Results:Silymarin and silibinin upregulated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and improved neural stem cells (NSCs) proliferation in the cortex and hippocampus. They also increased neurochemical serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and norepinephrine (NE) levels. Silymarin and silibinin reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) formation and increased glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities. In addition, silymarin and silibinin reduced interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and IL-12β, reducing tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) induced neuroinflammation.Conclusion:Silymarin and silibinin exert anti-depression and anxiolytic effects by regulating neurotransmitters, endocrine, neurogenesis, and immunologic systems. Therefore, as natural and complementary medicines, they can be used to reduce the symptoms of depression and anxiety; However, more clinical studies are needed in this field.
Therapeutic Potential of Syzygium aromaticum in Gut Dysbiosis via TMAO Associated Diabetic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Singhal Shivani , Rani Vibha 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal microbiota is not only related to the
pathogenesis of intestinal disorders but also associated with extra-intestinal diseases. Various studies
have revealed the role of an imbalance of intestinal microbiota and their metabolites including
bile acids, indole derivatives, polyamines, and trimethylamine in the progression of various diseases.
The elevated plasma level of the oxidized form of trimethylamine is associated with the increased
risk of cardiovascular diseases. Literature supports that herbal medicines can modulate
human health by altering the diversity of gut microbiota and their metabolites and proposes the use
of prebiotics to improve dysbiotic conditions as a new way of therapeutic strategy.

Methods:
In silico studies including drug likeliness, toxicity prediction, and molecular interaction
of phytochemicals against trimethylamine lyase enzyme have been done. Antimicrobial activity of
extracts of selected plant i.e. Syzygium aromaticum was done by disc diffusion and the protective
effects of plant compounds were examined on trimethylamine-n-oxide a bacterial metabolic product
and high glucose induced toxicity.

Results:
The current study has found that the phytochemicals of S. aromaticum identified as nontoxic
and followed the standard rules of drug likeliness and showed a significant binding affinity
against trimethylamine-n-oxide producing enzymes. Furthermore, S. aromaticum extract was
found to have antimicrobial potential and cardioprotective effects by reducing the production of
intracellular reactive oxygen species and correcting the distorted nuclear morphology in the presence
of high trimethylamine-n-oxide.

Conclusion:
Conclusively, our study explored the herbal intervention in intestinal dysbiosis and
suggested a natural therapy against dysbiosis associated with cardiac disease, and S, aromaticum
was found to have exceptional cardioprotective potential against TMAO induced gut dysbiosis,
which provides a novel future therapeutic intervention for treating cardiovascular complications.
An Overview of Current Progress and Challenges in Brain Cancer
Therapy Using Advanced Nanoparticles
Authors: Chauhan Mahima , Singh Rahul Pratap , Sonali  , Zia Ghazala , Shekhar Saurabh , Yadav Bhavna , Garg Vandana , Dutt Rohit 
Published: August 2023

Abstract:
Brain tumors pose significant challenges in terms of complete cure and early-stage prognosis.
The complexity of brain tumors, including their location, infiltrative nature, and intricate tumor microenvironment
(TME), contributes to the difficulties in achieving a complete cure.

:
The primary objective of brain cancer therapy is to effectively treat brain tumors and improve the patient’s
quality of life. Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as promising tools in this regard. They can be
designed to deliver therapeutic drugs to the brain tumor site while also incorporating imaging agents.

:
The NPs with the 10-200 nm range can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-brain tumor barrier
(BBTB) and facilitate drug bioavailability. NPs can be designed by several methods to improve the
pharmaceutical and pharmacological aspects of encapsulated therapeutic agents.

:
NPs can be developed in various dosage forms to suit different administration routes in brain cancer
therapy. The unique properties and versatility of NPs make them essential tools in the fight against brain
tumors, offering new opportunities to improve patient outcomes and care. Having the ability to target
brain tumors directly, overcome the BBB, and minimize systemic side effects makes NPs valuable tools
in improving patient outcomes and care.

:
The review highlights the challenges associated with brain tumor treatment and emphasizes the importance
of early detection and diagnosis. The use of NPs for drug delivery and imaging in brain tumors
is a promising approach to improving patient outcomes and quality of life. The versatility and unique
properties of NPs make them valuable tools in the fight against brain tumors, and innovative NP-related
patents have the potential to revolutionize healthcare.
Exploring the Prospective of Curcumin-loaded Nanomedicine in Brain
Cancer Therapy: An Overview of Recent Updates and Patented
Nanoformulations
Authors: Verma Ravinder , Rao Lakshita , Nagpal Diksha , Yadav Manish , Kumar Manish , Mittal Vineet , Kaushik Deepak 
Published: August 2023

Abstract:
Cancer is a complex, one of the fatal non-communicable diseases, and its treatment has enormous
challenges, with variable efficacy of traditional anti-cancer agents. By 2025, it is expected that 420
million additional cases of cancer will be diagnosed yearly. However, among various types of cancer,
brain cancer treatment is most difficult due to the presence of blood-brain barriers. Nowadays, phytoconstituents
are gaining popularity because of their biosafety and low toxicity to healthy cells. This article
reviews various aspects related to curcumin for brain cancer therapeutics, including epidemiology, the
role of nanotechnology, and various challenges for development and clinical trials. Furthermore, it elaborates
on the prospects of curcumin for brain cancer therapeutics. In this article, our objective is to illuminate
the anti-cancer potential of curcumin for brain cancer therapy. Moreover, it also explores how to
defeat its constraints of clinical application because of poor bioavailability, stability, and rapid metabolism.
This review also emphasizes the possibility of curcumin for the cure of brain cancer using cuttingedge
biotechnological methods based on nanomedicine. This review further highlights the recent patents
on curcumin-loaded nanoformulations for brain cancer. Overall, this article provides an overview of curcumin's
potential in brain cancer therapy by considering challenges to be overwhelmed and future prospective.
Moreover, this review summarizes the reported literature on the latest research related to the
utility of curcumin in brain cancer therapy and aims to provide a reference for advanced investigation on
brain cancer treatment.
Two-dimensional MXene Nanosheets and their Composites for Antibacterial
Textiles: Current Trends and Future Prospects
Authors: Chen Yingchun , Liang Mengjie , Zhang Chi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract:
As a novel two-dimensional (2D) nanosheet (NS), MXene has attracted attention in antibacterial applications due to its excellent high surface area, remarkable hydrophilicity, strong flexibility, and excellent antibacterial properties. This review intends to provide valuable insight into the further development of antibacterial MXenes and their composite materials. In this paper, we review the antibacterial mechanisms of MXenes and their composite materials and summarize the research progress of antibacterial finishing fabrics, fibers and dressings based on MXene NSs. Due to the rich oxygen-containing groups, 2D MXene NSs and its composites exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis so they have been widely used in antibacterial textiles including finishing fabrics, fibers, and dressings. 2D MXene NSs have showed some antibacterial properties based on cell experiments or blood tests. The antibacterial mechanisms mainly include physical sterilization and chemical oxidative stress sterilization. The future direction of antibacterial textiles based on MXenes was proposed.
Optimizing Performance of Worst Case User in Ultra-dense Networks
Utilizing Deep Q-learning
Authors: Lam Sinh Cong , Tran Duc Tan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract:
This paper defines, analyzes, and improves the performance of the worst-case user in ultradense
networks

Background:
In Ultra-Dense Networks (UDNs), where the Base Stations are distributed with a very
high density, the users are possibly near the cells’ intersection. These users are called the Worst-Case
Users (WCU) and usually experience very low performance.

Objectives:
Thus, improving the WCU performance is an urgent problem to secure the service requirement
of future cellular networks.

Methods:
In this paper, the performance of the WCU is analyzed in UDNs with a maximum power
algorithm and under the wireless environment with Stretched Path Loss model and Rayleigh fading.
To improve the WCU data rate, the Deep Q Networks with and without Multi-Input-Multi-output
(MIMO) are utilized in this paper.

Results:
The simulation results show that a system–based Deep Q Learning can dramatically improve
the WCU performance compared to the system with the maximum power algorithm. In addition, the
deployment of the MIMO technique in a system–based Deep Q-learning only has benefits in bad
channel conditions.

Conclusion:
In any channel condition, utilization of Deep Q Learning is a suitable solution to
improve the WCU performance. Furthermore, if the user experiences a good channel condition, the
MIMO technique can be used with Deep Q Learning to obtain further performance improvement.