bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stony coral tissue loss disease intervention with amoxicillin leads to a reversal of disease‐modulated gene expression pathways
Authors: Studivan Michael S. , Eckert Ryan J. , Shilling Erin , Soderberg Nash , Enochs Ian C. , Voss Joshua D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractStony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) remains an unprecedented disease outbreak due to its high mortality rate and rapid spread throughout Florida's Coral Reef and wider Caribbean. A collaborative effort is underway to evaluate strategies that mitigate the spread of SCTLD across coral colonies and reefs, including restoration of disease‐resistant genotypes, genetic rescue, and disease intervention with therapeutics. We conducted an in‐situ experiment in Southeast Florida to assess molecular responses among SCTLD‐affected Montastraea cavernosa pre‐ and post‐application of the most widely used intervention method, CoreRx Base 2B with amoxicillin. Through Tag‐Seq gene expression profiling of apparently healthy, diseased, and treated corals, we identified modulation of metabolomic and immune gene pathways following antibiotic treatment. In a complementary ex‐situ disease challenge experiment, we exposed nursery‐cultured M. cavernosa and Orbicella faveolata fragments to SCTLD‐affected donor corals to compare transcriptomic profiles among clonal individuals from unexposed controls, those exposed and displaying disease signs, and corals exposed and not displaying disease signs. Suppression of metabolic functional groups and activation of stress gene pathways as a result of SCTLD exposure were apparent in both species. Amoxicillin treatment led to a ‘reversal’ of the majority of gene pathways implicated in disease response, suggesting potential recovery of corals following antibiotic application. In addition to increasing our understanding of molecular responses to SCTLD, we provide resource managers with transcriptomic evidence that disease intervention with antibiotics appears to be successful and may help to modulate coral immune responses to SCTLD. These results contribute to feasibility assessments of intervention efforts following disease outbreaks and improved predictions of coral reef health across the wider Caribbean.
Sink–source imbalance triggers delayed photosynthetic induction: Transcriptomic and physiological evidence
Authors: Ozawa Yui , Tanaka Aiko , Suzuki Takamasa , Sugiura Daisuke 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSink–source imbalance causes accumulation of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) and photosynthetic downregulation. However, despite numerous studies, it remains unclear whether NSC accumulation or N deficiency more directly decreases steady‐state maximum photosynthesis and photosynthetic induction, as well as underlying gene expression profiles. We evaluated the relationship between photosynthetic capacity and NSC accumulation induced by cold girdling, sucrose feeding, and low nitrogen treatment in Glycine max and Phaseolus vulgaris. In G. max, changes in transcriptome profiles were further investigated, focusing on the physiological processes of photosynthesis and NSC accumulation. NSC accumulation decreased the maximum photosynthetic capacity and delayed photosynthetic induction in both species. In G. max, such photosynthetic downregulation was explained by coordinated downregulation of photosynthetic genes involved in the Calvin cycle, Rubisco activase, photochemical reactions, and stomatal opening. Furthermore, sink–source imbalance may have triggered a change in the balance of sugar‐phosphate translocators in chloroplast membranes, which may have promoted starch accumulation in chloroplasts. Our findings provide an overall picture of photosynthetic downregulation and NSC accumulation in G. max, demonstrating that photosynthetic downregulation is triggered by NSC accumulation and cannot be explained solely by N deficiency.
A comparative evaluation of video modeling and social stories for improving oral hygiene in children with autism spectrum disorder: A pilot study
Authors: Gandhi Roopa , Jackson Jennifer , Puranik Chaitanya P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose of this pilot study was to compare video modeling (VM) to a toothbrushing social story (TSS) for improving oral hygiene in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).MethodsFour to 17‐year‐old children and adolescents with ASD were evaluated at a pre‐intervention visit for quality of oral hygiene using plaque and gingival indices. A pre‐intervention survey assessed caregivers' perceptions of their children's daily oral hygiene practices. Participants were randomized into VM or TSS groups and caregivers received daily emails to access a VM or TSS presentation when completing toothbrushing for their child for 30 days. At the one‐month visit, oral hygiene was re‐evaluated, and post‐intervention surveys were completed.ResultsThere were significant improvements in plaque and gingival scores for VM (0.68 ± 0.20; 0.59 ± 0.15) and TSS (0.50 ± 0.11; 0.40 ± 0.10) groups at post‐intervention compared to pre‐intervention visits. No significant improvements in plaque or gingival scores were noted between the VM and TSS groups. Caregivers’ perceptions regarding oral hygiene acceptance by their children was promising for the VM group.ConclusionsVM and TSS interventions improved oral hygiene in subjects with ASD. There was greater acceptance of daily oral hygiene in the VM compared to the TSS group.
Clinical presentations of suicidality in relation to medical assistance in dying
Authors: Baylis Peter , Shaw Jessica , Schatzmann Ella‐Jean , Pouliot Veronique , Lalonde Lise 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionThis study explores the assessments of mental health clinicians working with suicidal patients who requested access to medical assistance in dying (MAiD).MethodsA sample of convenience completed an online questionnaire about their experiences with suicidal patients. Respondents described their encounters with 227 suicidal patients: 44 requested access to MAiD, and 183 did not. Data were analyzed using chi‐squared and simple t‐test to identify differences between the respondents’ descriptions of the two groups.ResultsResults noted differences between patients who experience suicide ideation and request MAiD (SPM), and those who experience suicide ideation and do not (SP). Overall, the SPM group was older, more physical health concerns, chronic pain, existential distress, and less hope. Many had experienced several episodes of mental health care and medication trials, though unlike the SP group, they had a split between accessing a little care and a lot of care. They also engaged in less suicide planning, and some had no history of suicide attempts.ConclusionIt is important that mental health clinicians learn to differentiate between MAiD requests due to an ongoing and irremediable mental disorder, and MAiD requests in response to circumscribed psychological suffering that could be relieved via a change in circumstances and/or access to different treatment options amenable to the patient.
The SOAP Feedback Training Program
Authors: Chokshi Binny , Battista Alexis , Merkebu Jerusalem , Hansen Shana , Blatt Benjamin , Lopreiato Joseph 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundAccessible and efficient opportunities for health professional faculty to hone feedback skills are limited. In addition, feedback models to apply to the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) setting are lacking.ApproachAnnually, paediatric interns from Children's National Hospital and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center participate in an OSCE, which includes faculty observation and immediate feedback to trainees. In 2018, we incorporated the subjective, objective, assessment, plan (SOAP) Feedback Training Program during 20 min of the pre‐OSCE faculty orientation. The SOAP Feedback Training Program introduced the SOAP feedback model (subjective, objective, assessment, plan), facilitated practice in pairs and distributed a cognitive aid referencing the model. We evaluated the quality of faculty feedback exchanges during the 2018 OSCE via retrospective video review using the Direct Observation of Clinical Skills Feedback Scale (DOCS‐FBS). We compared the results to the 2015 initial evaluation and used focus groups to understand how and why faculty feedback changed.EvaluationComparison of the initial evaluation to the post‐SOAP Feedback Training Program intervention data using a Wilcoxon signed rank test showed statistically significant improvement in six of eight feedback items on the DOCS‐FBS. Causal coding of focus group transcripts revealed that the SOAP Feedback Training Program evoked affective responses, reinforced prior practice in feedback delivery, improved feedback organisation and increased feedback delivery preparation.ImplicationsThe SOAP Feedback Training Program is an effective intervention to teach the SOAP feedback model and improve faculty feedback quality in an OSCE setting. It is efficient and low resource, facilitating its potential use in settings beyond the OSCE.
Good bedside teaching on secondary care placement: The student perspective
Authors: Edwards Lydia , Quinton Naomi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundStudents' experience of bedside teaching (BST) on clinical placement has significantly decreased, with a shift in teaching away from the bedside. The educational value of teaching on ward rounds (WRs) has also been debated.ObjectiveThis research considered what constitutes good BST from the student perspective; guidance to support clinician teachers was produced.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 10 second‐year students and 10 fourth‐ and fifth‐year students studying at Leeds Medical School. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.FindingsWe identified four themes: (1) benefits of early clinical experience, (2) qualities of good clinical teachers, (3) shift in preference from structured to opportunistic learning and (4) increased valuing of the WR as a site of learning.ConclusionThe structure of BST should be adapted to the learners' stage of training with a graduated approach, from a structured preparation for observation to authentic, observed participation with feedback. Students' early lack of clinical knowledge makes it difficult to meaningfully observe and partake in ward activities. During early clinical experience, good teaching is perceived as structured and supported by the clinician. As learners progress, they are better able to engage in opportunistic learning, which actively involves them in patient care. They also valued structured teaching and feedback. While patient contact should be supervised, a more participatory, observed and feedback‐driven approach should be adopted in the later years. Teaching must address both knowledge and skills required to be a doctor; this is facilitated by an active role in patient care.
Structure–activity relationship of 2,4‐D correlates auxinic activity with the induction of somatic embryogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Karami Omid , de Jong Hanna , Somovilla Victor J. , Villanueva Acosta Beatriz , Sugiarta Aldo Bryan , Ham Marvin , Khadem Azadeh , Wennekes Tom , Offringa Remko 
Published: August 2023

SUMMARY2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) is a synthetic analogue of the plant hormone auxin that is commonly used in many in vitro plant regeneration systems, such as somatic embryogenesis (SE). Its effectiveness in inducing SE, compared to the natural auxin indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA), has been attributed to the stress triggered by this compound rather than its auxinic activity. However, this hypothesis has never been thoroughly tested. Here we used a library of forty 2,4‐D analogues to test the structure–activity relationship with respect to the capacity to induce SE and auxinic activity in Arabidopsis thaliana. Four analogues induced SE as effectively as 2,4‐D and 13 analogues induced SE but were less effective. Based on root growth inhibition and auxin response reporter expression, the 2,4‐D analogues were classified into different groups, ranging from very active to not active auxin analogues. A halogen at the 4‐position of the aromatic ring was important for auxinic activity, whereas a halogen at the 3‐position resulted in reduced activity. Moreover, a small substitution at the carboxylate chain was tolerated, as was extending the carboxylate chain with an even number of carbons. The auxinic activity of most 2,4‐D analogues was consistent with their simulated TIR1‐Aux/IAA coreceptor binding characteristics. A strong correlation was observed between SE induction efficiency and auxinic activity, which is in line with our observation that 2,4‐D‐induced SE and stress both require TIR1/AFB auxin co‐receptor function. Our data indicate that the stress‐related effects triggered by 2,4‐D and considered important for SE induction are downstream of auxin signalling.
Would doctors dream of electric blood bankers? Large language model‐based artificial intelligence performs well in many aspects of transfusion medicine
Authors: Hurley Nathan C. , Schroeder Kristopher M. , Hess Aaron S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundLarge language models (LLMs) excel at answering knowledge‐based questions. Many aspects of blood banking and transfusion medicine involve no direct patient care and require only knowledge and judgment. We hypothesized that public LLMs could perform such tasks with accuracy and precision.Study Design and MethodsWe presented three sets of tasks to three publicly‐available LLMs (Bard, GPT‐3.5, and GPT‐4). The first was to review short case presentations and then decide if a red blood cell transfusion was indicated. The second task was to answer a set of consultation questions common in clinical transfusion practice. The third task was to take a multiple‐choice test experimentally validated to assess internal medicine postgraduate knowledge of transfusion practice (the BEST‐TEST).ResultsIn the first task, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for correct transfusion decisions was 0.65, 0.90, and 0.92, respectively for Bard, GPT‐3.5 and GPT‐4. All three models had a modest rate of acceptable responses to the consultation questions. Average scores on the BEST‐TEST were 55%, 40%, and 87%, respectively.ConclusionWhen presented with transfusion medicine tasks in natural language, publicly available LLMs demonstrated a range of ability, but GPT‐4 consistently scored very well in all tasks. Research is needed to assess the utility of LLMs in transfusion medicine practice. Transfusion Medicine physicians should consider their role alongside such technologies, and how they might be used for the benefit and safety of patients.
Increased red blood cell alloimmunization rates in transfused aplastic anemia and myelofibrosis patients
Authors: Sotolongo G. , Poisson J. L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundRed blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization (AI) is a well‐known complication of RBC transfusions, which results in the formation of alloantibodies to non‐self antigens on donor RBCs, putting patients at risk of transfusion‐related complications. The rate of AI with RBC transfusions in the general hospitalized population is estimated to be 2%–3%. However, some patients who are deemed “transfusion‐dependent” require regular transfusions of blood products due to persistently low cell counts, putting them at even greater risk of RBC AI and increased morbidity. However, few studies currently exist investigating RBC AI in some transfusion‐dependent patient populations, e.g., aplastic anemia (AA) and myelofibrosis (MF).Study Design and MethodsWe conducted a 5‐year retrospective review to investigate the prevalence of RBC AI, alloantibody incidence, and the number of RBC transfusions in AA and MF patients, who received RBC transfusions within our hospital system.ResultsDuring the study period, 64 AA and 93 MF patients received 1301 and 2766 RBC transfusions, respectively. Compared to the RBC AI rate in the generalized hospitalized patient population (1%–2%), patients with AA and MF had an increased rate of RBC AI incidence rate at 14.1% and 12.9%, respectively. Furthermore, patients with primary MF demonstrated an isolated increased RBC AI incidence rate of 13.3%. The most common alloantibodies produced were anti‐E and anti‐K.DiscussionWithin our institution, patients with AA and MF had increased incidence rates of RBC AI compared to the general hospitalized patient population and may benefit from an antigen‐matched protocol to minimize AI‐related complications.
Constitutive Modeling of Mouse Arteries Suggests Changes in Directional Coupling and Extracellular Matrix Remodeling That Depend on Artery Type, Age, Sex, and Elastin Amounts
Authors: Kailash Keshav A. , Hawes Jie Z. , Cocciolone Austin J. , Bersi Matthew R. , Mecham Robert P. , Wagenseil Jessica E. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Arterial stiffening occurs during natural aging, is associated with an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events, and can follow different timelines in males and females. One mechanism of arterial stiffening includes remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM), which alters the wall material properties. We used elastin haploinsufficient (Eln+/−) and wildtype (Eln+/+) mice to investigate how material properties of two different arteries (ascending aorta and carotid artery) change with age, sex, and ECM composition. We used a constitutive model by Dong and Sun that is based on the Holzapfel–Gasser–Ogden (HGO) type, but does not require a discrete number of fibrous ECM families and allows varied deformation coupling. We find that the amount of deformation coupling for the best fit model depends on the artery type. We also find that remodeling to maintain homeostatic (i.e., young, wildtype) values of biomechanical parameters with age, sex, and ECM composition depends on the artery type, with ascending aorta being more adaptable than carotid artery. Fitted material constants indicate sex-dependent remodeling that may be important for determining the time course of arterial stiffening in males and females. We correlated fitted material constants with ECM composition measured by biochemical (ascending aorta) or histological (carotid artery) methods. We show significant correlations between ECM composition and material parameters for the mean values for each group, with biochemical measurements correlating more strongly than histological measurements. Understanding how arterial stiffening depends on age, sex, ECM composition, and artery type may help design effective, personalized clinical treatment strategies.
Impact Location Dependence of Behind Armor Blunt Trauma Injury Assessed Using a Human Body Finite Element Model
Authors: Bustamante Michael C. , Cronin Duane S. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Behind armor blunt trauma (BABT), resulting from dynamic deformation of protective ballistic armor into the thorax, is currently assessed assuming a constant threshold of maximum backface deformation (BFDs) (44 mm). Although assessed for multiple impacts on the same armor, testing is focused on armor performance (shot-to-edge and shot-to-shot) without consideration of the underlying location on the thorax. Previous studies identified the importance of impacts on organs of animal surrogates wearing soft armor. However, the effect of impact location was not quantified outside the threshold of 44 mm. In the present study, a validated biofidelic advanced human thorax model (50th percentile male) was utilized to assess the BABT outcome from varying impact location. The thorax model was dynamically loaded using a method developed for recreating BABT impacts, and BABT events within the range of real-world impact severities and locations were simulated. It was found that thorax injury depended on impact location for the same BFDs. Generally, impacts over high compliance locations (anterolateral rib cage) yielded increased thoracic compression and loading on the lungs leading to pulmonary lung contusion (PLC). Impacts at low compliance locations (top of sternum) yielded hard tissue fractures. Injuries to the sternum, ribs, and lungs were predicted at BFDs lower than 44 mm for low compliance locations. Location-based injury risk curves demonstrated greater accuracy in injury prediction. This study quantifies the importance of impact location on BABT injury severity and demonstrates the need for consideration of location in future armor design and assessment.
Impact of Transverse Acoustic Excitation and Air Swirl on a Confined Hollow Cone Sheet
Authors: Bhattacharjee Rohit R. , I. B. Aravind , Chakravarthy Satyanarayanan R. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the effect of imposing symmetric transverse acoustic excitation and counter-rotating air swirl flow on a confined hollow cone spray sheet. We study the impact of these forcing conditions on two unstable modes—sheet flapping and sinuous wave growth modes—and their phasic relationship. We used the shadowgraphy technique, and only the sheet edges were analyzed using the method of snapshot proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). In this study, we used postprocessing techniques to estimate the nondimensional breakup length, phase averaged cone angle, and continuous wavelet transform (CWT) frequency. Results show that imposing acoustic excitation alone causes the sheet edges to flap, axisymmetrically, at the pressure antinode, while at the pressure node and base flow condition, the asymmetric sinuous wave mode is dominant. At the pressure intermediary, we find the possible dominance of both modes. While the dominant effect of air swirl alone was difficult to ascertain, results from CWT analysis show that POD mode 1 and mode 3 have very similar spectral content, with mode 3 showing a flapping mode. Finally, air swirl flow has a more dominant effect than acoustics in causing sheet breakup.
Cyclic Analysis of In-Cylinder Vortex Interactions Based on Data-Driven Detection and Characterization Framework
Authors: Zhao Fengnian , Zhou Ziming , Hung David L. S. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The complex vortex flow interactions are critical to affect the fuel–air mixing and combustion stability in direct-injection engine. However, due to the strong cyclic variations inside engine, the multiscale swirl flow characteristics with cyclic details are difficult to be sufficiently revealed. Therefore, a vortex detection and characterization framework, including physical and data-driven methods, is implemented to elucidate the cyclic vortex interaction process. In this study, a high-speed time-resolved particle image velocimetry is applied to record the spatiotemporal flow behavior under three different swirl ratio conditions. First, the presence of vortex motion is detected at each crank angle for each engine cycle. Results show that the vortex interaction processes under different swirl ratio conditions exhibit distinctive characteristics. The presence of multiple vortices and their interactions are found to trigger dramatic changes and variations in swirl flow behavior. Then, the individual-cycle analysis of the vortex interaction effects on flow characteristics is conducted. The vortex characteristics including vortex location, strength, and size are examined with cyclic detail using data-driven unsupervised clustering. Results indicate that the vortex merging is the main source inducing the vortex characteristics variations. Furthermore, the occurrence and duration of the vortex merging process are found to be closely related to the intake swirl ratio and valve lift profile. Increased swirl ratio and valve lift cause vortex to merge earlier and reduce the merging duration. This finding provides a potential idea to alleviate the cyclic variation issue by controlling the vortex merging process.