bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant-biomass-based hybrid seed wraps mitigate yield and post-harvest losses among smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Pirzada Tahira , Affokpon Antoine , Guenther Richard H. , Mathew Reny , Agate Sachin , Blevins Aitana , Byrd Medwick V. , Sit Tim L. , Koenning Stephen R. , Davis Eric L. , Pal Lokendra , Opperman Charles H. , Khan Saad A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSustainable practices that reduce food loss are essential for enhancing global food security. We report a ‘wrap and plant’ seed treatment platform to protect crops from soil-borne pathogens. Developed from the abundantly available wastes of banana harvest and recycled old, corrugated cardboard boxes via chemical-free pulping, these paper-like biodegradable seed wraps exhibit tunable integrity and bioavailability of loaded moieties. These wraps were used for nematode control on yam (Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata) seed pieces in Benin, a major producer of this staple crop in the sub-Saharan African ‘yam belt’. Our seed wraps loaded with ultra-low-volume abamectin (1/100 ≤ commercial formulation) consistently controlled yam nematode (Scutellonema bradys) populations while considerably increasing the yield at various locations over 2015–2018. Substantial reduction in post-harvest tuber weight loss and cracking was observed after 3 and 5 months of storage, contributing to increased value, nutrition and stakeholders’ preference for the wrap and plant treatment.
Earth’s volatile depletion trend is consistent with a high-energy Moon-forming impact
Authors: Solomatova Natalia V. , Caracas Razvan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe abundance of volatile elements in the silicate Earth relative to primitive chondrites provides an important constraint on the thermochemical evolution of the planet. However, an overabundance of indium relative to elements with similar nebular condensation temperatures is a source of debate. Here we use ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to explore the vaporization behavior of indium from pyrolite melt at conditions of the early magma ocean just after the Moon-forming impact. We then compare this to the vaporization behavior of other minor elements. When considering the volatility of the elements from the magma ocean in the absence of the solar nebula gas, we find that there is no overabundance of indium. On the contrary, there is a slight deficit in the abundance of indium, which is consistent with its moderately siderophile nature. Thus, we propose that a high-energy Moon-forming impact may have had a more significant contribution to volatile depletion than previously believed.
Phonological and Articulatory Deficits in the Production of Novel Signs in Children With Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Goffman Lisa , Factor Laiah , Barna Mitchell , Cai Fuwen , Feld Ilana 
Published: February 2023

Purpose:
Sign language, like spoken language, incorporates phonological and articulatory (or motor) processing components. Thus, the learning of novel signs, like novel spoken word forms, may be problematic for children with developmental language disorder (DLD). In the present work, we hypothesize that phonological and articulatory deficits in novel sign repetition and learning would differentiate preschool-age children with DLD from their typical peers.

Method:

Children with DLD (
n
= 34; aged 4–5 years) and their age-matched typical peers (
n
= 21) participated. Children were exposed to four novel signs, all iconic, but only two linked to a visual referent. Children imitatively produced these novel signs multiple times. We obtained measures of phonological accuracy and articulatory motion stability as well as of learning of the associated visual referent.

Results:
Children with DLD showed an increased number of phonological feature (i.e., handshape, path, and orientation of the hands) errors when compared with their typical peers. While articulatory variability did not overall differentiate children with DLD from typical peers, children with DLD showed instability in one novel sign that obligated bimanual oppositional movement. Semantic aspects of novel sign learning were unaffected in children with DLD.

Conclusions:
Deficits that have been documented in phonological organization of spoken words in children with DLD are also evident in the manual domain. Analyses of hand motion variability suggest that children with DLD do not show a generalized motor deficit, but one that is restricted to the implementation of coordinated and sequential hand motion.
Doctor ex machina: Zur potenziellen Rolle der Telemedizin in der
Perinatologie
Authors: Singer Dominique 
Published: February 2023

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,in den vergangenen Jahren hat, bedingt durch die von der Corona-Pandemie
ausgelösten Kontaktbeschränkungen, die digitale Kommunikation einen
unerwarteten Aufschwung genommen. Dies gilt nicht nur für zahlreiche
geschäftliche Konferenzen, die plötzlich am Bildschirm, mitunter
sogar vom heimischen Wohnzimmertisch aus, bestritten wurden. Es bezieht sich auch
auf ärztliche Konsultationen, die vielfach online stattfanden, um den
Patient*innen die Anfahrt mit öffentlichen Verkehrsmitteln und den
Aufenthalt in überfüllten Warteräumen zu ersparen. Ein Fazit
dieser unverhofften und nicht ganz freiwilligen Testphase ist, dass sich viele
Routine-Meetings erstaunlich gut – nicht nur zeitsparender, sondern manchmal
sogar fokussierter – in virtueller Form abhalten lassen. Es hat sich aber
auch gezeigt, dass der Knüpfung persönlicher Kontakte und der
Gewinnung praktischer Eindrücke ohne physische Präsenz enge Grenzen
gesetzt sind. Das Gleiche dürfte mutatis mutandis für die
Telemedizin gelten, sodass das zentrale Problem weniger deren technische Machbarkeit
als vielmehr ihr adäquater Einsatzbereich ist. Ein potenzieller
Einsatzbereich, der in diesem und im nächsten Heft der Zeitschrift
für Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie (ZGN) am Beispiel eines
ostsächsischen Modellprojekts vorgestellt wird, ist die Sicherstellung einer
hochqualitativen perinatologischen Versorgung in einer bevölkerungsarmen und
strukturschwachen Region. Die denkbaren Kontroversen liegen auf der Hand: Sie
dürften sich um die Fragen drehen, inwieweit fehlende geburtshilfliche oder
neonatologische Expertise vor Ort durch einen „Doctor ex machina“
substituiert werden kann; und ob die telemedizinische Beratung nicht ein
„Verrat“ an der Idee ist, Risikoschwangere in Perinatalzentren zu
betreuen. Oder ob die Telemedizin nicht im Gegenteil gerade dabei helfen kann, eine
sinnvoll abgestufte perinatologische Versorgungsstruktur (vom übergeordneten
Perinatalzentrum bis hin zur wohnortnahen Geburtshilfe) aufzubauen. Zu dieser
spannenden Diskussion kann das hier beschriebene Modellprojekt einen wichtigen Input
geben.
X-Ray Protective Aprons Re-Evaluated
Authors: Eder Heinrich 
Published: February 2023

Background The evaluation of the protective effect of X-ray protective clothing requires new criteria. The current concept assumes more or less uniform covering of the torso with protective material. The frequently worn heavy wrap-around aprons can weigh 7 to 8 kg. As relevant studies show, orthopedic damage can result from long-term activity. It should therefore be investigated whether the apron weight can be reduced by optimizing the material distribution. For a radiobiological evaluation of the protective effect, the “effective dose” should be used.
Methods Numerous laboratory measurements were performed with an Alderson Rando phantom as well as dose measurements on clinical personnel. The measurements were supplemented by Monte Carlo simulation of an interventional workplace in which a female ICRP reference phantom was used for the operator. The measured back doses on the Alderson phantom as well as the measured back doses at interventional workplaces were based on the personal equivalent dose Hp(10). Monte Carlo simulations were used to introduce protection factors for the protective clothing based on the “effective dose” introduced in radiation protection.
Results Back doses in clinical radiology personnel are largely negligible. Therefore, back protection can be much lower than currently used or can even be eliminated. The Monte Carlo simulations show that the protective effect of protective aprons worn on the body is higher than when the flat protective material is radiated through (3 D effect). About 80 % of the effective dose is attributed to the body region from the gonads to the chest. By additional shielding of this area, the effective dose can be lowered or, optionally, aprons with less weight can be produced. Attention must also be paid to the “radiation leaks” (upper arms, neck, skull), which can reduce the whole-body protective effect.
Conclusion In the future, the evaluation of the protective effect of X-ray protective clothing should be based on the effective dose. For this purpose, effective dose-based protection factors could be introduced, while the lead equivalent should be used for measurement purposes only. If the results are implemented, protective aprons with approx. 40 % less weight can be produced with a comparable protective effect.
Key Points:
Citation Format
Improving Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Discharge Timeliness of Infants with Bronchiolitis Using Clinical Decision Support
Authors: Martin Blake , Mulhern Brendan , Majors Melissa , Rolison Elise , McCombs Tiffany , Smith Grant , Fisher Colin , Diaz Elizabeth , Downen Dana , Brittan Mark 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background Identifying children ready for transfer out of the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) is an area that may benefit from clinical decision support (CDS). We previously implemented a quality improvement (QI) initiative to accelerate the transfer evaluation of non–medically complex PICU patients with viral bronchiolitis receiving floor-appropriate respiratory support.
Objectives Design a CDS tool adaptation of this QI initiative to further accelerate transfer evaluation of appropriate patients.
Methods The original initiative focused on identifying for transfer evaluation otherwise healthy children admitted to the PICU with bronchiolitis who had been receiving floor-appropriate levels of respiratory support for at least 6 hours. However, this initiative required that clinicians manually track the respiratory support of qualifying patients. We designed an electronic health record (EHR)–based CDS tool to automate identification of transfer-ready candidates. The tool parses EHR data to identify children meeting prior QI initiative criteria and alerts clinicians to assess transfer readiness once a child has been receiving floor-appropriate respiratory support for 6 hours. We compared time from reaching floor-appropriate support to placement of the transfer order (“time-to-transfer”), PICU length of stay (LOS), and hospital LOS between patients admitted prior to our QI initiative (December 1, 2018–October 19, 2019, “pre-QI phase”), during the initiative but before CDS tool implementation (October 20, 2019–February 7, 2022, “QI phase”), and after CDS implementation (February 8–November 11, 2022, “CDS phase”).
Results CDS-phase patients (n = 131) had a shorter median time-to-transfer of 5.23 (interquartile range [IQR], 3.38–10.0) hours compared with QI-phase patients (n = 304) at 5.93 (IQR, 4.23–12.2) hours (p = 0.04). PICU and hospital LOS values decreased from the pre-QI (n = 150) to QI phase. Though LOS reductions were sustained during the CDS phase, further reductions from QI to CDS phase were not statistically significant.
Conclusion An EHR-based CDS adaptation of a prior QI initiative facilitated timely identification of PICU patients with bronchiolitis ready for transfer evaluation. Such tools might allow PICU clinicians to focus on other high-acuity tasks while accelerating transfer evaluation of appropriate patients.
Homozygous Ser-1 to Pro-1 mutation in parathyroid hormone identified in hypocalcemic patients results in secretion of a biologically inactive pro-hormone
Authors: Hanna Patrick , Khatri Ashok , Choi Shawn , Brabant Severine , Gild Matti L. , Piketty Marie L. , Francou Bruno , Prié Dominique , Potts John T. , Clifton-Bligh Roderick J. , Linglart Agnès , Gardella Thomas J. , Jüppner Harald 
Published: February 2023

Like other secreted peptides, nascent parathyroid hormone (PTH) is synthesized with a pre- and a pro-sequence (25 and 6 amino acids, respectively). These precursor segments are sequentially removed in parathyroid cells before packaging into secretory granules. Three patients from two unrelated families who presented during infancy with symptomatic hypocalcemia were found to have a homozygous serine (S) to proline (P) change affecting the first amino acid of the mature PTH. Unexpectedly, biological activity of synthetic [P1]PTH(1-34) was indistinguishable from that of unmodified [S1]PTH(1-34). However, in contrast to conditioned medium from COS-7 cells expressing prepro[S1]PTH(1-84), medium from cells expressing prepro[P1]PTH(1-84) failed to stimulate cAMP production despite similar PTH levels when measured by an intact assay that detects PTH(1-84) and large amino-terminally truncated fragments thereof. Analysis of the secreted, but inactive PTH variant led to the identification of pro[P1]PTH(−6 to +84). Synthetic pro[P1]PTH(−6 to +34) and pro[S1]PTH(−6 to +34) had much less bioactivity than the corresponding PTH(1-34) analogs. Unlike pro[S1]PTH(−6 to +34), pro[P1]PTH(−6 to +34) was resistant to cleavage by furin suggesting that the amino acid variant impairs preproPTH processing. Consistent with this conclusion, plasma of patients with the homozygous P1 mutation had elevated proPTH levels, as determined with an in-house assay specific for pro[P1]PTH(−6 to +84). In fact, a large fraction of PTH detected by the commercial intact assay represented the secreted pro[P1]PTH. In contrast, two commercial biointact assays that use antibodies directed against the first few amino acid residues of PTH(1-84) for capture or detection failed to detect pro[P1]PTH.
Porous Carbon Nanosheets for Oxygen Reduction Reaction and Zn-Air Batteries
Authors: Samad Shahzeb Ali , Fang Ziyu , Shi Pengfei , Zhu Jinhui , Lu Chenbao , Su Yuezeng , Zhuang Xiaodong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Zn-air batteries are a promising source of renewable energy for portable electronic devices and automobiles because of low-cost and high energy density. The efficiency of Zn-air batteries significantly rely on the oxygen reduction reaction in air cathode, development of efficient electrochemical catalysts is kindly important. In the past decade, inspired by graphene, porous carbon nanosheets have been widely developed and studied in the field of energy conversion and storage due to their adjustable structure, good and long-distance conductivity, rich porosity and abundant active sites, as well as excellent performance. In this review, various rational preparation methods towards porous carbon nanosheet-based catalysts are summarized. Then, the catalytic active sites in porous carbon nanosheets are classified, and the relationship between performance and active sites are discussed. At the end of this review, the challenges and future prospects for rational development of two-dimensional porous carbon-based electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction catalysts as air cathode for Zn-air batteries are discussed. This review will give guideline for the development of novel porous carbon-based materials for energy conversion and storage.
Analogy and dissimilarity of excitons in monolayer and bilayer of MoSe2
Authors: Kipczak Lucja , Slobodeniuk Artur O. , Woźniak Tomasz , Bhatnagar Mukul , Zawadzka Natalia , Pucko Katarzyna Olkowska , Grzeszczyk Magdalena Joanna , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Babinski A , Molas Maciej 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Excitons in thin layers of semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides are highly subject to the strongly modified Coulomb electron-hole interaction in these materials. Therefore, they do not follow the model system of a two-dimensional hydrogen atom. We investigate experimentally and theoretically excitonic properties in both the monolayer (ML) and the bilayer (BL) of MoSe2 encapsulated in hexagonal BN. The measured magnetic field evolutions of the reflectance contrast spectra of the MoSe2 ML and BL allow us to determine g-factors of intralayer A and B excitons, as well as the g-factors of the interlayer exciton. We explain the dependence of g-factors on the number of layers and excitation state can be explained using first principles calculations. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the experimentally measured ladder of excitonic s states in the ML can be reproduced using the k·p approach with the Rytova-Keldysh potential that describes the electron-hole interaction. In contrast, the analogous calculation for the BL case require taking into account the out-of-plane dielectric response of the MoSe2 BL.
Monaural cardiopulmonary sound separation via complex-valued deep autoencoder and cyclostationarity
Authors: Yang Chunjian , Hu Nan , Xu Dongyang , Wang Zhi , Cai Shengsheng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective. Cardiopulmonary auscultation is promising to get smart due to the emerging of electronic stethoscopes. Cardiac and lung sounds often appear mixed at both time and frequency domain, hence deteriorating the auscultation quality and the further diagnosis performance. The conventional cardiopulmonary sound separation methods may be challenged by the diversity in cardiac/lung sounds. In this study, the data-driven feature learning advantage of deep autoencoder and the common quasi-cyclostationarity characteristic are exploited for monaural separation. Approach. Different from most of the existing separation methods that only handle the amplitude of short-time Fourier transform (STFT) spectrum, a complex-valued U-net (CUnet) with deep autoencoder structure, is built to fully exploit both the amplitude and phase information. As a common characteristic of cardiopulmonary sounds, quasi-cyclostationarity of cardiac sound is involved in the loss function for training. Main results. In experiments to separate cardiac/lung sounds for heart valve disorder auscultation, the averaged achieved signal distortion ratio (SDR), signal interference ratio (SIR), and signal artifact ratio (SAR) in cardiac sounds are 7.84 dB, 21.72 dB, and 8.06 dB, respectively. The detection accuracy of aortic stenosis can be raised from 92.21% to 97.90%. Significance. The proposed method can promote the cardiopulmonary sound separation performance, and may improve the detection accuracy for cardiopulmonary diseases.
Massively parallel fitting of Gaussian approximation potentials
Authors: Klawohn Sascha , Kermode James R , Bartók Albert P 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We present a data-parallel software package for fitting Gaussian approximation potentials (GAPs) on multiple nodes using the ScaLAPACK library with MPI and OpenMP. Until now the maximum training set size for GAP models has been limited by the available memory on a single compute node. In our new implementation, descriptor evaluation is carried out in parallel with no communication requirement. The subsequent linear solve required to determine the model coefficients is parallelised with ScaLAPACK. Our approach scales to thousands of cores, lifting the memory limitation and also delivering substantial speedups. This development expands the applicability of the GAP approach to more complex systems as well as opening up opportunities for efficiently embedding GAP model fitting within higher-level workflows such as committee models or hyperparameter optimisation.
Plasma assisted approaches toward high quality transferred synthetic graphene for electronics
Authors: Wang Yibo , Wang Huishan , Jiang Chengxin , Chen Xipin , Chen Chen , Kong Ziqiang , Wang Haomin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Graphene has received much attention in multiple fields due to its unique physical and electrical properties, especially in the microelectronic application. Nowadays, graphene can be catalytically produced on active substrates by chemical vapor deposition and then transferred to the target substrates. However, the widely used wet transfer technique often causes inevitable structural damage and surface contamination to the synthetic CVD graphene, thus hindering its application in high-performance devices. There have been numerous reviews on graphene growth and transfer techniques. Thus, this review is not intended to be comprehensive; instead, we focus on the advanced plasma treatment, which may play an important role in the quality improvement throughout the growth and transfer of graphene. Promising pathways for future applications are also provided.
VirBot: an RNA viral contig detector for metagenomic data
Authors: Chen Guowei , Tang Xubo , Shi Mang , Sun Yanni 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSummaryWithout relying on cultivation, metagenomic sequencing greatly accelerated the novel RNA virus detection. However, it is not trivial to accurately identify RNA viral contigs from a mixture of species. The low content of RNA viruses in metagenomic data requires a highly specific detector, while new RNA viruses can exhibit high genetic diversity, posing a challenge for alignment-based tools. In this work, we developed VirBot, a simple yet effective RNA virus identification tool based on the protein families and the corresponding adaptive score cutoffs. We benchmarked it with seven popular tools for virus identification on both simulated and real sequencing data. VirBot shows its high specificity in metagenomic datasets and superior sensitivity in detecting novel RNA viruses.Availability and implementationhttps://github.com/GreyGuoweiChen/RNA_virus_detectorSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Why is there an “oversupply” of human ovarian follicles?
Authors: Lawley Sean D , Johnson Joshua 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Women are born with hundreds of thousands to over a million primordial ovarian follicles (PFs) in their ovarian reserve. However, only a few hundred PFs will ever ovulate and produce a mature egg. Why are hundreds of thousands of PFs endowed around the time of birth when far fewer follicles are required for ongoing ovarian endocrine function and only a few hundred will survive to ovulate? Recent experimental, bioinformatics, and mathematical analyses support the hypothesis that PF growth activation (PFGA) is inherently stochastic. In this paper, we propose that the oversupply of PFs at birth enables a simple stochastic PFGA mechanism to yield a steady supply of growing follicles that lasts for several decades. Assuming stochastic PFGA, we apply extreme value theory to histological PF count data to show that the supply of growing follicles is remarkably robust to a variety of perturbations and that the timing of ovarian function cessation (age of natural menopause) is surprisingly tightly controlled. Though stochasticity is often viewed as an obstacle in physiology and PF oversupply has been called “wasteful,” this analysis suggests that stochastic PFGA and PF oversupply function together to ensure robust and reliable female reproductive aging.