bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Sagittal Alignment in Patients with Severe and Rigid Scoliosis
Authors: Zhang Zhuang , Wang Liang , Li Jing‐chi , Liu Li‐min , Song Yue‐ming , Yang Xi 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveThere has been increasing concern about the importance of sagittal alignment in the evaluation and treatment of spinal scoliosis. However, recent studies have only focused on patients with mild to moderate scoliosis. To date, little is known about the sagittal alignment in patients with severe and rigid scoliosis (SRS). This study was performed to evaluate the sagittal alignment in patients with SRS, and to analyze how it was altered after corrective surgery.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, we included 58 patients with SRS who underwent surgery from January 2015 to April 2020. Preoperative and postoperative radiographs were reviewed, and the sagittal parameters mainly included thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), sacrum slope (SS), and sagittal vertical axis (SVA). The sagittal balance state was evaluated according to whether the PI minus the LL (PI‐LL) was less than 9°, and the patients were divided into thoracic hyperkyphosis and normal groups based on whether the TK exceeded 40°. The Student's t test, Pearson's test, and Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used to compare related parameters between the different groups.ResultsThe mean follow‐up duration was 2.8 years. Preoperatively, the mean PI was 43.6 ± 9.4°, and the mean LL was 65.2 ± 13.9°. Sixty‐nine percent of patients showed sagittal imbalance, and they showed larger TK and LL values and smaller PI and SVA values than those with sagittal balance. Additionally, most patients (44/58) presented with thoracic hyperkyphosis; this group had smaller PI and SVA values than the normal patients. Patients with syringomyelia‐associated scoliosis were more likely to present with thoracic hyperkyphosis. The TK and LL values were significantly decreased, and 45% of patients with preoperative sagittal imbalance recovered after surgery. These patients had a larger PI (46.4 ± 9.0° vs 38.3 ± 8.8°, P = 0.003) and a smaller TK (25.5 ± 5.2° vs 36.3 ± 8.0°, P = 0.000) at the final follow‐up.ConclusionPreoperative sagittal imbalance appears in the majority of SRS patients, accounting for approximately 69% of our cohort. Patients with small PI values or syringomyelia‐associated scoliosis were more likely to present with thoracic hyperkyphosis. Sagittal imbalance can generally be corrected by surgery, except in patients with a PI less than 39°. To achieve good postoperative sagittal alignment, we recommend controlling the TK to within 31°.
Identification of two novel rice S genes through combination of association and transcription analyses with gene‐editing technology
Authors: Xu Yuchen , Bai Lu , Liu Minghao , Liu Yanchen , Peng Shasha , Hu Pei , Wang Dan , Liu Qi , Yan Shuangyong , Gao Lijun , Wang Xuli , Ning Yuese , Zuo Shimin , Zheng Wenjing , Liu Shiming , Xiang Wensheng , Wang Guo‐Liang , Kang Houxiang 
Published: May 2023

SummaryTraditional rice blast resistance breeding largely depends on utilizing typical resistance (R) genes. However, the lack of durable R genes has prompted rice breeders to find new resistance resources. Susceptibility (S) genes are potential new targets for resistance genetic engineering using genome‐editing technologies, but identifying them is still challenging. Here, through the integration of genome‐wide association study (GWAS) and transcriptional analysis, we identified two genes, RNG1 and RNG3, whose polymorphisms in 3′‐untranslated regions (3′‐UTR) affected their expression variations. These polymorphisms could serve as molecular markers to identify rice blast‐resistant accessions. Editing the 3′‐UTRs using CRISPR/Cas9 technology affected the expression levels of two genes, which were positively associated with rice blast susceptibility. Knocking out either RNG1 or RNG3 in rice enhanced the rice blast and bacterial blight resistance, without impacting critical agronomic traits. RNG1 and RNG3 have two major genotypes in diverse rice germplasms. The frequency of the resistance genotype of these two genes significantly increased from landrace rice to modern cultivars. The obvious selective sweep flanking RNG3 suggested it has been artificially selected in modern rice breeding. These results provide new targets for S gene identification and open avenues for developing novel rice blast‐resistant materials.
Genomic analyses provide insights into the polyploidization‐driven herbicide adaptation in Leptochloa weeds
Authors: Chen Ke , Yang Haona , Peng Yajun , Liu Ducai , Zhang Jingyuan , Zhao Zhenghong , Wu Lamei , Lin Tao , Bai Lianyang , Wang Lifeng 
Published: May 2023

SummaryPolyploidy confers a selective advantage under stress conditions; however, whether polyploidization mediates enhanced herbicide adaptation remains largely unknown. Tetraploid Leptochloa chinensis is a notorious weed in the rice ecosystem, causing severe yield loss in rice. In China, L. chinensis has only one sister species, the diploid L. panicea, whose damage is rarely reported. To gain insights into the effects of polyploidization on herbicide adaptation, we first assembled a high‐quality genome of L. panicea and identified genome structure variations with L. chinensis. Moreover, we identified herbicide‐resistance genes specifically expanded in L. chinensis, which may confer a greater herbicide adaptability in L. chinensis. Analysis of gene retention and loss showed that five herbicide target‐site genes and several herbicide nontarget‐site resistance gene families were retained during polyploidization. Notably, we identified three pairs of polyploidization‐retained genes including LcABCC8, LcCYP76C1 and LcCYP76C4 that may enhance herbicide resistance. More importantly, we found that both copies of LcCYP76C4 were under herbicide selection during the spread of L. chinensis in China. Furthermore, we identified another gene potentially involved in herbicide resistance, LcCYP709B2, which is also retained during polyploidization and under selection. This study provides insights into the genomic basis of the enhanced herbicide adaptability of Leptochloa weeds during polyploidization and provides guidance for the precise and efficient control of polyploidy weeds.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi trigger danger‐associated peptide signaling and inhibit carbon‒phosphorus exchange with nonhost plants
Authors: Wang Yutao , Chen Hanwen , Shao Meishuang , Zhu Ting , Li Shaoshan , Olsson Pål Axel , Hammer Edith C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn soil, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) meet the roots of both host and presumed nonhost plants, but the interactional mechanisms of AMF with and functional relevance for nonhost plants is little known. Here we show AMF can colonize an individually grown nonhost plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, and suppress the growth of Arabidopsis and two nonhost Brassica crops. This inhibitory effect increased with increasing AMF inoculum density, and was independent of AMF species or nutrient availability. 13C isotope labeling and physiological analyses revealed no significant carbon‒phosphorus exchange between Arabidopsis and AMF, indicating a lack of nutritional function in this interaction. AMF colonization activated the danger‐associated peptide Pep‐PEPR signaling pathway, and caused clear defense responses in Arabidopsis. The impairment of Pep‐PEPR signaling in nonhost plants greatly compromised AMF‐triggered defensive responses and photosynthesis suppression, leading to higher colonization rates and reduced growth suppression upon AMF inoculation. Pretreatment with Pep peptide decreased AMF colonization, and largely substituted for AMF‐induced growth suppression in nonhosts, confirming that the Pep‐PEPR pathway is a key participant in resistance to AMF colonization and in mediating growth suppression of nonhost plants. This work greatly increases our knowledge about the functional relevance of AMF and their mechanisms of interactions with nonhost plants.
How nonviolent movements in the Caribbean influenced Pan‐Africanism
Authors: Presbey Gail M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA project centering Black people across the African continent and diaspora, Pan‐Africanism has been both a local and a global force since the late eighteenth century. Its history of people, ideas, and networks is rich with connections. My article explores the relationship between Pan‐Africanism and nonviolence. I examine the place of nonviolence in popular struggles in the British Caribbean colony of Trinidad in the 1930s. Against the divide‐and‐rule of the colonial authorities, Afro‐ and Indo‐Trinidadian activists and communities converged around Gandhian and labor styles of mass nonviolent organizing and protest in the 1930s. Led by activists like Elma Francois, Tubal Uriah Butler, and Adrian Cola Rienzi, these struggles made an impact on two great Pan‐Africanists from the island, C.L.R. James and George Padmore. I argue that the influence of nonviolent organizing and protest on Pan‐Africanist thought between the 1930s and 1950s has been underappreciated.
Sensitivity of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration cytology and biopsy for a diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: A comparative analysis
Authors: Sugiyama Tomoko , Tajiri Takuma , Kurata Makiko , Hiraiwa Shinichiro , Fujita Hirotaka , Machida Tomohisa , Ito Hiroyuki , Muraki Takashi , Yoshii Hisamichi , Izumi Hideki , Suzuki Takayoshi , Mukai Masaya , Nakamura Naoya 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe utility of endoscopic ultrasound fine‐needle aspiration cytology (EUS‐FNAC) or endoscopic ultrasound fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (EUS‐FNAB) for diagnosis of small and large pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) remains in question. We addressed this by analyzing 97 definitively diagnosed cases of PDAC, for which both EUS‐FNAC and EUS‐FNAB had been performed. We subclassified the 97 solid masses into small (n = 35) or large (n = 62) according to the maximum tumor diameter (<24 mm or ≥24 mm) and compared the diagnostic sensitivity (truly positive rate) of EUS‐FNAC and of EUS‐FNAB for small and large masses. Diagnostic sensitivity of EUS‐FNAC did not differ between large and small masses (79.0% vs. 60.0%; p = 0.0763). However, the diagnostic sensitivity of EUS‐FNAB was significantly higher for large masses (85.5% vs. 62.9%; p = 0.0213). Accurate EUS‐FNAC‐based diagnosis appeared to depend on the degree of cytological atypia of cancer cells, which was not associated with quantity of cancer cells. The accuracy of EUS‐FNAB‐based diagnosis appeared to depend on cancer cell viability in large masses and cancer volume in small masses. Based on the advantages or disadvantages in each modality, both modalities play an important role in the qualitative diagnosis of PDAC as a complementary procedure.
COVID‐19 emergency policies, financial security, and social equity: Worldwide evidence
Authors: An Brian Y. , Porcher Simon , Tang Shui‐Yan , Maille‐Lefranc Oriane 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUsing worldwide country‐level panel data of COVID‐19 emergency policies and aggregated survey responses of 46 million randomly sampled Facebook users, we study the impact of public health and economic measures on household financial worries among various demographic groups. The analysis reveals that public health interventions with stringent mobility restrictions—domestic lockdowns and international travel restrictions—increase the proportion of households with financial stress within countries. However, economic policies with immediate disposability, like wage support and in‐kind transfers, counteract the negative impacts. Notably, younger working‐age groups are particularly sensitive to such public health and economic emergency policies in their assessment of financial security. Our results also show that a country's social safety net coverage and poverty rate moderate the financial impact. As governments face challenges in containing the pandemic, this study highlights the need to create policy packages balancing differential tradeoffs between health and economic interventions while enhancing equity objectives.
Death managers, public health, and COVID‐19: An exploratory study
Authors: Zavattaro Staci M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic has exacerbated cracks in the United States' healthcare systems—along with its deathcare systems. The pandemic as an ongoing mass fatality incident highlights the need to understand the public servants engaged in deathcare work, as they are a vital part of the emergency response equation. This exploratory, descriptive study focuses on the ways in which medical examiners and coroners (ME/Cs) in the United States provide core emergency management services to communities, relying on findings from interviews with 18 ME/Cs throughout the country. Findings indicate how COVID‐19 cases are counted is difficult, the pandemic changed how ME/Cs operate in response, and burnout is eminent for these public servants.
A robust model averaging approach for partially linear models with responses missing at random
Authors: Liang Zhongqi , Wang Qihua 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper, with an assumed parametric model for the selection probability function, a robust model averaging estimation method is proposed for partially linear models with responses missing at random. The method is based on a weighted Mallows‐type criterion. The method is robust in the sense that the asymptotic optimality holds true as long as the true model of the selection probability function is some measurable function of its assumed model. The optimal weight vector for model averaging is obtained by minimizing the weighted Mallows‐type criterion. It is shown that the robust model averaging method achieves the lowest possible squared error asymptotically. Some simulation studies were conducted to evaluate the proposed method. An application to two real examples are provided as illustration.
Healthcare resource utilization of maribavir versus investigator‐assigned therapy in transplant recipients with cytomegalovirus infection refractory (with or without genotypic resistance) to prior treatment: Exploratory analysis of the Phase 3 SOLSTICE trial
Authors: Hirji Ishan , Cocks Kim , Moreno‐Koehler Alejandro , Sundberg Aimee 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundCytomegalovirus (CMV), a common post‐transplant infection, is associated with increased healthcare resource utilization. In the Phase 3 SOLSTICE trial, maribavir was superior to investigator‐assigned therapy (IAT; valganciclovir/ganciclovir, foscarnet, and cidofovir) for CMV viremia clearance at Week 8 in transplant recipients with confirmed refractory CMV infection with/without resistance. This exploratory analysis evaluated hospital admissions of patients during the SOLSTICE trial.MethodsPatients were randomized to maribavir (400 mg twice daily) or IAT for an 8‐week treatment phase with a 12‐week follow‐up. After ≥3 weeks of treatment, patients on IAT who met pre‐specified criteria could enter a maribavir rescue arm (8‐week maribavir treatment, 12‐week follow‐up). Adjusted hospitalization rates and length of hospital stay (LOS) were estimated using negative binomial models adjusting for the time in the relevant study phase. Subgroup analysis for the maribavir rescue arm was conducted.ResultsOverall, 352 patients were randomized (maribavir: 235; IAT: 117); 22 entered the maribavir rescue arm. After adjusting for treatment exposure, patients on maribavir had a 34.8% reduction in hospitalization rate and 53.8% reduced LOS (days/person/year) versus IAT during the treatment phase. No significant differences between treatments were observed during the follow‐up phase, although in both arms, hospitalization rates were lower than in the treatment phase. In the maribavir rescue arm, hospitalizations were 60.6% lower on/after maribavir rescue versus pre‐rescue treatment (p = 0.008).ConclusionIn patients requiring post‐transplant CMV treatment, hospitalization rate and LOS were lower for maribavir than IAT, and hospitalization rates were lower on/after maribavir rescue than pre‐rescue. Reducing hospitalizations can alleviate the burden on patients and healthcare systems.
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A Modified Model to Predict Liquid Loading in Horizontal Gas Wells
Authors: Luo Chengcheng , Gao Lirong , Liu Yonghui , Xie Chuan , Ye Changqing , Yang Jianying , Liu Zhongbo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Liquid loading is inevitable during mature gas-well production, leading the liquids to accumulate at the bottomhole and additional pressure loss. Accurately predicting the liquid-loading initiation is crucial to gas-well production optimization. Significant efforts have been made to model liquid-loading behavior. However, few mechanistic models are capable of easily and accurately tackling the complicated non-uniform liquid-film distribution in the slanted section of horizontal wells. Based on liquid-film inversion, this study developed a simple and comprehensive model to calculate liquid-loading initiation for horizontal gas wells. First, the models for film thickness and critical velocity in the vertical pipe are developed. Then, considering the effect of inclination and velocity difference in liquid-film thickness and liquid-holdup distribution between vertical and inclined pipes, the relationship in vertical and inclined pipes between liquid holdup, liquid-film thickness, and angle correction term is established based on the liquid-holdup correlation for horizontal and inclined pipes described in the empirical model developed by Beggs and Brill, so that the thickness of the film and the corresponding critical velocity at any inclination can be calculated. Finally, the new modified model has been evaluated against both experimental and field-measured data set. In comparison to the Luo et al.’s model, the proposed model has been proven to be simple, accurate, and well-performed in predicting the liquid-accumulation initiation in horizontal wells.
Association Between Domain-Specific Physical Activity and Cardiometabolic Factors in a Multiethnic Asian Population: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Ge Lixia , Hilal Saima , Müller-Riemenschneider Falk , Tan Chuen Seng 
Published: May 2023

Aims: To examine the association between domain-specific physical activity (PA) and cardiometabolic factors with longitudinal data, which is limited in current literature. Methods: Participants who attended the Singapore Multi-Ethnic Cohort and follow-up surveys were included in this study (N = 3950, mean age: 44.7 y, female: 57.9%). Self-reported moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA) for each domain (leisure-time, transportation, occupation, and household) was categorized into 4 levels: no, low, middle, and high MVPA. The longitudinal associations of domain-specific MVPA with cardiometabolic factors including systolic and diastolic blood pressures, low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterols, triglycerides, and body mass index were examined using Generalized Estimating Equations, accounting for confounding factors and repeated measurements. Results: There were 5.2% participants who had no MVPA. For each domain, this rate ranged from 22.6% (household) to 83.3% (occupation). Leisure-time and occupation MVPAs had positive and linear associations with high-density lipoprotein cholesterols, corresponding to 0.030 (95% confidence interval, 0.015 to 0.045) mmol/L (leisure-time) and 0.063 (95% confidence interval, 0.043 to 0.083) mmol/L (occupation), when compared high with no respective MVPA. Occupation and household MVPAs were associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Transportation and occupation exhibited a positive and linear relationship with diastolic blood pressure. None of the domains were associated with body mass index, systolic blood pressures, or triglycerides. Conclusions: This study showed that each domain had differential association with individual cardiometabolic risk factors. As occupation, transportation, or household PA had unfavorable associations with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol or diastolic blood pressure, the overall beneficial impact of higher PA levels may not necessarily hold in the context of domain-specific PA and cardiovascular health. Further investigation is needed to corroborate our findings.
The Influence of Athletic Identity on Mental Health Symptoms During Retirement From Sport
Authors: Roberts Kylie , Kuhlman Kiersten , Byrd Megan , Hunt Tamerah 
Published: May 2023

Clinical Scenario: Athletic identity (AI) can be defined as, “the degree to which an individual identifies with an athlete role, and the values, and social networks associated with that identity,” and can pose a problem when athletes do not explore themselves outside of sport. This lack of identity development beyond athletics has the potential to lead to the development of a high AI. High AI in athletes can have positive effects in areas such as performance, however, high AI may also pose negative consequences. The development of such an identity can limit the adaptive responses to substantial life changes such as retirement from sport. This inability to adapt may thereby contribute to mental health problems during the transition. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to better understand the relationship between athletic identity and mental health symptoms so clinicians may provide support to enable positive outcomes after retirement from sport. Clinical Question: What is the influence of athletic identity on mental health symptoms in athletes retiring from sports? Summary of Key Findings: (1) High athletic identity contributes to increased mental health symptoms following retirement. (2) Athletic identity had no relationship to mental health symptoms during the preretirement phase of an athlete’s career Clinical Bottom Line: The findings suggest that there is high-quality evidence to support that AI has no relationship with mental health symptoms during the preretirement phase and that athletes with high AI are more likely to experience mental health symptoms during their transition out of or retirement from sport. Strength of Recommendation: The grade of B is recommended by the Strength of Recommendation taxonomy for consistent, limited-quality, patient-oriented evidence that high AI has a strong relationship to mental health symptoms following retirement in athletes.
Fast exhumation of Earth’s earliest ultrahigh-pressure rocks in the West Gondwana orogen, Mali
Authors: Ganade Carlos E. , Rubatto Daniela , Lanari Pierre , Hermann Joerg , Tesser Lucas R. , Caby Renaud 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Did exhumation of ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) rocks proceed at comparable rates in the Neoproterozoic and in modern collisional orogens? We address this question with a multimineral geochronological study of UHP rocks from the Gourma fold-and-thrust belt in Mali. Integrated petrology and zircon U-Pb geochronology reveal peak metamorphic conditions of 820–740 °C and 3.3–3.4 GPa at 611.7 ± 3.6 Ma, providing evidence for subduction of the passive margin of the West African craton to ~125 km depth in the West Gondwana orogen. Rutile U-Pb cooling ages indicate further exhumation of the Gourma UHP unit to mid-crustal levels (~35 km) at 601.7 ± 3.2 Ma. These two ages provide a time lag between peak conditions and exhumation to 35 km of 10 ± 3.1 m.y., constraining an average vertical exhumation rate of 0.9 ± 0.3 cm/yr. Our data indicate a fast exhumation rate for the oldest known UHP rocks, comparable to that reported for modern collisional orogens. We argue that exhumation of the deeply subducted UHP rocks along the West Gondwana orogen contributed to significant changes in the Neoproterozoic atmosphere and biosphere.