bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in college students' socioeconomic status aspirations during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Rogers Jennica , Shane Jacob , von Keyserlingk Luise , Heckhausen Jutta 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAlthough university students tend to be optimistic about their future socioeconomic status (SES), little is known how their SES aspirations changed during the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Using latent growth curve modeling techniques, we examined changes in subjective SES aspirations for students who began college before the pandemic (cohort 1; Fall 2019) and students who began college during the pandemic (cohort 2; Fall 2020). Moreover, we assessed how SES indicators (i.e., subjective family SES; first‐generation status; low‐income status) and a contextual financial indicator (i.e., pandemic‐related financial impacts) predicted changes in SES aspirations for both groups of students. Although SES aspirations were similar at the beginning of college for both groups of students, students who began college before the pandemic experienced a greater rate of downward change between the baseline assessment and the assessment shortly after the pandemic began. In both cohorts, students from higher‐SES families had higher SES aspirations at the beginning of college and steeper rates of downward change. Furthermore, despite having similar SES aspirations at the beginning of college, first‐generation students whose first year was interrupted by the pandemic experienced steeper downward changes in their SES aspirations. However, pandemic‐related financial impacts did not predict this downward change for either cohort. Our findings suggest that uncertainty in the early stages of the pandemic may have led to cautiousness in students' aspirations for their future SES attainment, particularly for first‐generation students.
Phosphorus availability and fractions responses to chemodiversity of exogenous dissolved organic matter in lime concretion black soil
Authors: Cai Cheng , Qi Yongbo , Zhang Min , Wang Xiangqi , Tao Luchen , Wang Qingyun , Zhang Ligan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe chemodiversity of exogenous dissolved organic matter (DOM) is significantly increased during the composting process, yet its influence on soil phosphorus (P) transformation is uncertain. A 60‐day incubation experiment was conducted to assess the availability and fractions of P in lime concretion black soil in response to exogenous DOM input, with three treatments: control (CK), soil with DOM from 30 days decomposed straw (DOM1) and soil with DOM from 90 days decomposed straw (DOM2). The results demonstrated that the addition of DOM caused an increase in the content of available P in the soil, particularly the addition of DOM1 with more protein‐like substances and a lower degree of humification. Compared to the control, DOM1 and DOM2 treatments showed an increase in available P content of 17.3%–54.3% and 0.6%–18.2%, respectively. However, the response of the soil's physicochemical and biological properties varied considerably. DOM1 treatment caused a marked decrease in soil pH compared to DOM2 treatment, which then led to the release of Ca2+ and Mg2+ and improved the solubility of inactive P. Moreover, DOM1 treatment was found to significantly raise the content of microbial biomass P (MBP), particularly at 60 days. The Mantel test and random forest analysis revealed that the strongest correlation was between MBP and available P. Furthermore, DOM1 treatment had a stimulating effect on the growth of phosphate‐solubilizing microorganisms, including Arthrobacter, Penicillium and Mortierella. This investigation could provide insights into how the chemodiversity of exogenous DOM affects the activation of legacy‐P in soil, thus enhancing the soil P supply capacity in agricultural systems.
Cellulose assembles into helical bundles of uniform handedness in cell walls with abnormal pectin composition
Authors: Saffer Adam M. , Baskin Tobias I. , Verma Amitabh , Stanislas Thomas , Oldenbourg Rudolf , Irish Vivian F. 
Published: August 2023

SUMMARYPlant cells and organs grow into a remarkable diversity of shapes, as directed by cell walls composed primarily of polysaccharides such as cellulose and multiple structurally distinct pectins. The properties of the cell wall that allow for precise control of morphogenesis are distinct from those of the individual polysaccharide components. For example, cellulose, the primary determinant of cell morphology, is a chiral macromolecule that can self‐assemble in vitro into larger‐scale structures of consistent chirality, and yet most plant cells do not display consistent chirality in their growth. One interesting exception is the Arabidopsis thaliana rhm1 mutant, which has decreased levels of the pectin rhamnogalacturonan‐I and causes conical petal epidermal cells to grow with a left‐handed helical twist. Here, we show that in rhm1 the cellulose is bundled into large macrofibrils, unlike the evenly distributed microfibrils of the wild type. This cellulose bundling becomes increasingly severe over time, consistent with cellulose being synthesized normally and then self‐associating into macrofibrils. We also show that in the wild type, cellulose is oriented transversely, whereas in rhm1 mutants, the cellulose forms right‐handed helices that can account for the helical morphology of the petal cells. Our results indicate that when the composition of pectin is altered, cellulose can form cellular‐scale chiral structures in vivo, analogous to the helicoids formed in vitro by cellulose nano‐crystals. We propose that an important emergent property of the interplay between rhamnogalacturonan‐I and cellulose is to permit the assembly of nonbundled cellulose structures, providing plants flexibility to orient cellulose and direct morphogenesis.
A murine groin site cardiac transplantation model—applicable tool for studying roles of peripheral lymph nodes in transplantation
Authors: Li Yaguang , Yuan Wenjia , Zhong Mingda , Qi Julia , Zheng Xinguo , Xie Xubiao , Li Tengfang , Zhang Hedong , Jiang Xin , Peng Longkai , Dai Helong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe murine heterotopic cardiac transplantation model has been widely used to study antigen‐specific immune responses or new immunosuppressive agents, which have a strong correlation with peripheral lymph nodes. Thus, a new organ transplantation model that is applicable to related studies is needed. Here, we describe a groin‐site murine heart transplantation model using a cuff technique, in which the donor aorta and pulmonary artery are anastomosed to the truncated femoral vessels of the recipient. The mean survival time (MST) of the grafts in BALB/c‐to‐C57BL/6 allo‐transplant group was 7.2 ± 0.3 days, and 1.9 ± 0.2 days in BALB/c‐to‐Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rat xeno‐transplant group. H&E results show that donor hearts from both groups demonstrate typical pathological features at the endpoint. Evans Blue tracing revealed that the popliteal lymph nodes of the grafted side hindlimb are larger than those of the contralateral side. Moreover, IHC staining for CD3, CD20 shows that the germinal center and cortex region of the grafted side of popliteal lymph nodes is apparently increased than that of the contralateral side. To sum up, this model may serve as an ideal model to study the role of peripheral lymph nodes in organ transplant rejection. In addition, extra‐peritoneal grafting makes a step forward in animal welfare under the 3Rs’ principle (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement).
The severity of acute hypoxaemia determines distinct changes in intracortical and spinal neural circuits
Authors: McKeown Daniel J. , Stewart Glenn M. , Kavanagh Justin J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine how two common methods of continuous hypoxaemia impact the activity of intracortical circuits responsible for inhibition and facilitation of motor output, and spinal excitability. Ten participants were exposed to 2 h of hypoxaemia at 0.13 fraction of inspired oxygen ( clamping protocol) and 80% of peripheral capillary oxygen saturation ( clamping protocol) using a simulating altitude device on two visits separated by a week. Using transcranial magnetic and peripheral nerve stimulation, unconditioned motor evoked potential (MEP) area, short‐interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and intracortical facilitation (ICF), and F‐wave persistence and area were assessed in the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle before titration, after 1 and 2 h of hypoxic exposure, and at reoxygenation. The clamping protocols resulted in differing reductions in by 2 h ( clamping protocol: 81.9 ± 1.3%, clamping protocol: 90.6 ± 2.5%). Although unconditioned MEP peak to peak amplitude and area did not differ between the protocols, SICI during clamping was significantly lower at 2 h compared to clamping (P = 0.011) and baseline (P < 0.001), whereas ICF was higher throughout the clamping compared to clamping (P = 0.005). Furthermore, a negative correlation between SICI and (rrm = −0.56, P = 0.002) and a positive correlation between ICF and (rrm = 0.69, P = 0.001) were determined, where greater reductions in correlated with less inhibition and less facilitation of MEP responses. Although F‐wave area progressively increased similarly throughout the protocols (P = 0.037), persistence of responses was reduced at 2 h and reoxygenation (P < 0.01) during the clamping protocol compared to the clamping protocol. After 2 h of hypoxic exposure, there is a reduction in the activity of intracortical circuits responsible for inhibiting motor output, as well as excitability of spinal motoneurones. However, these effects can be influenced by other physiological responses to hypoxia (i.e., hyperventilation and hypocapnia).
Quality of Life in Individuals With Disabilities Through a Student-Led Service-Learning Program: Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis to Examine the Reciprocal Benefits of Service Learning
Authors: Narasaki-Jara Mai , Brolsma Donald , Abdolrazagh Katira , Sun Kai , Yamada Masahiro , Mitani Aya A. , Jung Taeyou 
Published: August 2023

Purpose: The efficacy of service learning in physical activity (PA) intervention is generally not centered around perceptions of the service recipients, posing questions when the efficacy of an intervention is crucial, such as PA in people with disabilities. The present study examined perceptions of the recipients in a student-led service-learning program through a quality of life survey and interviews. Method: Undergraduate students led a 13-week PA intervention. Before and after the intervention, people with disabilities (N = 56) completed quality of life surveys (i.e., the National Institute of Health Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System). A face-to-face interview was conducted with N = 6. Results: All quality of life items, except for Mental Health–Anxiety, improved (p < .01). The interviews suggested that environmental factors (i.e., encouragement from students, the open space that allowed interactions) positively impacted the program. Discussion: The environment may be a key factor in the program’s success in PA intervention from the recipients’ perspective.
Complete genome sequences of five
Escherichia coli
strains with probiotic attributes
Authors: Fedrová Pavla , Hrala Matěj , Tom Nikola , Micenková Lenka , Nascimento Andréa M. A. , Bosák Juraj , Šmajs David 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

The complete genome sequences of five
Escherichia coli
strains with probiotic attributes were determined, including strain A0 34/86, a component of the probiotic product Colinfant New Born, and strains H22, 582, B771, and B1172 with published probiotic potential. The size of sequenced genomes ranged from 5,092 to 5,408 kb.
FAMIly Physical Activity, Sedentary behaviour and Sleep (FAMIPASS) study: protocol for a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sigmundová Dagmar , Dygrýn Jan , Vorlíček Michal , Banátová Kamila , Voráčová Jaroslava , Sigmund Erik 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionThe development of children’s healthy and active lifestyles, including habit formation for optimal 24-hour movement behaviour, is associated with their family environment. A whole-family study collecting comprehensive data that can evaluate family lifestyle behaviours in different settings in depth has the potential to provide the evidence-based information needed for national guidelines, for designing interventions and for supporting policy-makers’ decisions.Methods and analysisThe FAMIly Physical Activity, Sedentary behaviour and Sleep (FAMIPASS) study is a nationally representative cross-sectional study that will recruit 500 families (with at least 1 child aged between 3 and 8 years) from the urban and rural parts of all three regions of the Czech Republic. To examine the relationship between family environment and children’s healthy development (eg, healthy weight) and children’s active lifestyle behaviour, anthropometric measures, parents’ health-related behaviour (including dietary habits, alcohol and tobacco use, screen time and bedtime rules and 24-hour movement behaviour), socioeconomic data and data about the characteristics of the home and neighbourhood will be collected from parents and children. The 24-hour movement behaviour (eg, sleep, sedentary behaviour and physical activity) will be monitored using wGT3X-BT and GT9X Link ActiGraph accelerometers placed on the non-dominant wrist of the children and their parents for 7 consecutive days. The accelerometers will be set up for each family separately, using the group proximity mode, allowing proximity tagging between devices and establishing the time spent together and parent–child coactivities.Ethics and disseminationThe overarching methodological protocol of the FAMIPASS project was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Czech Republic (reference number: 25/2021). The results and findings will be reported to: (1) the participating families and (2) school representatives and will be (3) presented at national and international conferences and (4) disseminated via peer-reviewed publications.
Exploring the relationship between self-management behaviour, family function and health information adoption behaviour in Chinese diabetic foot patients: a mixed-methods study protocol
Authors: Wang Xueqing , Tang Panpan , Li Lin , Jiang Yueying , Zhao Yuan , Tang Leiwen , Shao Jing , Chen Dan Dan 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionDiabetic foot is a major burden and threat to individuals, families and society, making it imperative to promote good self-management behaviour. However, although nurses have provided these patients with excellent health knowledge, their self-management remains unsatisfactory. Although researches have shown that self-management requires family involvement, no research has been conducted in China on family function, specifically in the diabetic foot. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the relationship between self-management, family functioning, and health information adoption behaviour and explain the formation’s reason.Method and analysisWe will conduct a mixed-methods study using an exploratory sequential study design in Zhejiang, China. In the first phase, cross-section research will be conducted using a convenient sampling strategy on 225 diabetic foot patients. SPSS V.26 was used for correlation and multiple stepwise regression analyses. Structural equation modelling will be performed by using AMOS V.24. The researchers will conduct a semistructured interview to collect qualitative data and use NVivo to analyse. Ultimately, we will ‘triangulate’ to integrate quantitative and qualitative data.Ethics and disseminationThis study received ethical clearance from the Ethics Review Committee, the affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Medicine School, Zhejiang University (approval no: 2023-0145). All data collection processes will abide by health and safety measures required by the national government. Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. The study will produce one paper that will be disseminated, to local stakeholders and participants, via local and international conferences and publications in peer-reviewed journals.
Pregnancy outcomes in women with Ebstein’s anomaly: data from the Registry of Pregnancy And Cardiac disease (ROPAC)
Authors: van der Zande Johanna A , Tutarel Oktay , Ramlakhan Karishma P , van der Bosch Annemien E , Bordese Roberto , Zengin Elvin , Wagner William E , de Sousa Lidia , Clifford Piers , Johnson Mark R , Hall Roger , Roos-Hesselink Jolien W 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveEbstein’s anomaly is a rare congenital cardiac condition and data regarding pregnancy outcomes in this patient group are scarce. We evaluated the maternal and perinatal risks of pregnancy in 81 women with Ebstein’s anomaly.MethodsThe Registry of Pregnancy and Cardiac disease is a prospective global registry of pregnancies in women with structural cardiac disease. Pregnancy outcomes in women with Ebstein’s anomaly were examined. The primary outcome was the occurrence of a major adverse cardiac event (MACE) defined as maternal mortality, heart failure, arrhythmia, thromboembolic event or endocarditis. Secondary endpoints were obstetric and perinatal outcomes and the influence of pregnancy on tricuspid valve regurgitation as well as right atrial and ventricular dimensions.ResultsIn the 81 women with Ebstein’s anomaly (mean age 29.7±6.1 years, 46.9% nulliparous), MACE occurred in 8 (9.9%) pregnancies, mostly heart failure (n=6). There were no maternal deaths. Prepregnancy signs of heart failure were predictive for MACE. Almost half of the women were delivered by caesarean section (45.7%) and preterm delivery occurred in 24.7%. Neonatal mortality was 2.5% and 4.9% of the infants had congenital heart disease. In the subgroup in which prepregnancy and postpregnancy data were available, there was no difference in tricuspid valve regurgitation grade or right atrial and ventricular dimensions before and after pregnancy.ConclusionsMost women with Ebstein’s anomaly tolerate pregnancy well, but women with prepregnancy signs of heart failure are at higher risk for MACE during pregnancy and should be counselled accordingly.
MSSM: A Macaulay2 Package for the Vacuum Moduli Space
Authors: He Yang-Hui , Jejjala Vishnu , Nelson Brent D. , Schenck Hal , Stillman Michael 
Published: August 2023

The Standard Model of particle physics has been amazingly successful at explaining interactions between three of the four fundamental forces of physics: the strong force, the weak force, and electro-magnetism. But it is an incomplete theory, failing to incorporate gravity.
The Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) is an approach to including gravity and supersymmetry in the standard model, by adding new particle states and interactions to the standard model. For example, supersymmetry pairs fermions (such as electrons) with bosons (such as photons).

A starting point in the study of the MSSM is the Vacuum Moduli Space, which is a highly complicated algebraic variety introduced by Witten: it is the image of an affine variety
X
⊆ C
49
under a symplectic quotient map to C
973
. We describe the Macaulay2 software package MSSM, which facilitates computational investigation of the Vacuum Moduli Space.
Inhibition of METTL3 Results in a Cell-Intrinsic Interferon Response That Enhances Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Guirguis Andrew A. , Ofir-Rosenfeld Yaara , Knezevic Kathy , Blackaby Wesley , Hardick David , Chan Yih-Chih , Motazedian Ali , Gillespie Andrea , Vassiliadis Dane , Lam Enid Y.N. , Tran Kevin , Andrews Byron , Harbour Michael E. , Vasiliauskaite Lina , Saunders Claire J. , Tsagkogeorga Georgia , Azevedo Aleksandra , Obacz Joanna , Pilka Ewa S. , Carkill Marie , MacPherson Laura , Wainwright Elanor N. , Liddicoat Brian , Blyth Benjamin J. , Albertella Mark R. , Rausch Oliver , Dawson Mark A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Therapies that enhance antitumor immunity have altered the natural history of many cancers. Consequently, leveraging nonoverlapping mechanisms to increase immunogenicity of cancer cells remains a priority. Using a novel enzymatic inhibitor of the RNA methyl­transferase METTL3, we demonstrate a global decrease in N6-methyladenosine (m6A) results in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) formation and a profound cell-intrinsic interferon response. Through unbiased CRISPR screens, we establish dsRNA-sensing and interferon signaling are primary mediators that potentiate T-cell killing of cancer cells following METTL3 inhibition. We show in a range of immunocompetent mouse models that although METTL3 inhibition is equally efficacious to anti–PD-1 therapy, the combination has far greater preclinical activity. Using SPLINTR barcoding, we demonstrate that anti–PD-1 therapy and METTL3 inhibition target distinct malignant clones, and the combination of these therapies overcomes clones insensitive to the single agents. These data provide the mole­cular and preclinical rationale for employing METTL3 inhibitors to promote antitumor immunity in the clinic.

Significance:
This work demonstrates that METTL3 inhibition stimulates a cell-intrinsic interferon response through dsRNA formation. This immunomodulatory mechanism is distinct from current immunotherapeutic agents and provides the molecular rationale for combination with anti–PD-1 immune-checkpoint blockade to augment antitumor immunity.
This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 2109
Sensing Cytosolic DNA Lowers Blood Pressure by Direct cGAMP-Dependent PKGI Activation
Authors: Su Jie , Coleman Pierre , Ntorla Angeliki , Anderson Rhys , Shattock Michael J. , Burgoyne Joseph R. 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:
The major cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) has emerged as a key mediator of inflammation that underlies cardiovascular disease. On interaction with double-stranded DNA, cGAS generates the second messenger 2′,3′-cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) that directly binds to and activates the stimulator of interferon genes, which in turn leads to enhanced expression of genes encoding interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. Here, we show that cGAMP generated by cGAS also directly activates PKGI (cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1), a mechanism that underlies crosstalk between inflammation and blood pressure regulation.

METHODS:

The ability of cGAS and cGAMP to activate PKGI was assessed using molecular, cellular, and biochemical analyses, and in myography experiments, as well. The release of cGAMP from the endothelium was measured using an ELISA, and its uptake into the vascular smooth muscle was assessed using molecular and biochemical approaches, including the identification and targeting of specific cGAMP transporters. The blood pressure of wild-type and cGAS
–/–
mice was assessed using implanted telemetry probes. cGAS was activated by in vivo transfection with G3-YSD or mice were made septic by administration of lipopolysaccharide.

RESULTS:
The detection of cytosolic DNA by cGAS within the vascular endothelium leads to formation of cGAMP that was found to be actively extruded by MRP1 (multidrug resistance protein 1). Once exported, this cGAMP is then imported into neighboring vascular smooth muscle cells through the volume-regulated anion channel, where it can directly activate PKGI. The activation of PKGI by cGAMP mediates vasorelaxation that is dependent on the activity of MRP1 and volume-regulated anion channel, but independent of the canonical nitric oxide pathway. This mechanism of PKGI activation mediates lowering of blood pressure and contributes to hypotension and tissue hypoperfusion during sepsis.

CONCLUSIONS:
The activation of PKGI by cGAMP enables the coupling of blood pressure to cytosolic DNA sensing by cGAS, which plays a key role during sepsis by mediating hypotension and tissue hypoperfusion.