bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Character Association and Path Coefficient Studies in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.): Experimental Investigation
Authors: Veera Usha Rani , Sahu Gouri Shankar , Tripathy Pradyumna , Das Swarnalata , Dash Manasi , Padhiary Gargi Gautami 
Published: April 2023

Thirty two cucumber genotypes were collected from different states of India and were evaluated for yield and quality characters at Bhubaneswar, Odisha during Rabi season of 2019. The relationships between fruit yield and yield components in cucumber genotypes were investigated and correlation studies revealed that yield per plant had positive and significant association with vine length, number of fruits per plant, fruit length, fruit diameter and average fruit weight, while significant negative correlations were observed with node at which first female flower appears, number of days to first female flower production, days to first harvest and severity of downy mildew percentage both at phenotypic and genotypic levels. Path coefficient analysis revealed that fruit diameter had maximum positive direct effect on yield per plant followed by fruit length, number of fruits per plant, days to first harvest, average fruit weight while, negative direct effect of number of days to first female flower production and severity of downy mildew percentage was observed on yield per plant. Future breeding should focus on selecting the characters having direct effects to improve yield per plant.
The Relationship between Visible Thrombus Aspiration Material and No Reflow with Its Impact on In-hospital Mortality and Early Outcomes in Patients with ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction Treated with Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Abdallah Mohamed Ahmed Abdelhakim , Elshedoudy Sahar Abdallah , Hamdy Ehab Abdelwahab , Elsetiha Mohamed Elsayed , Badr Seham Fahmy 
Published: April 2023

Background: The no-reflow phenomenon is critical and, if not reversed, causes a high rate of morbidity and mortality. It was demonstrated that the no-reflow phenomenon after Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) is a strong predictor of mortality after the acute event in patients with STEMI. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of visible thrombus aspiration (VTA) material on no reflow and its relation to hospital mortality and early outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI).
Methods: This prospective observational study conducted on 100 patients admitted with acute STEMI and treated with primary PCI within 24 hours of presentation. Patients were divided into two groups: Group VTA (n=58): who had visible thrombus aspiration material (VTA) (defined as collected visible aspiration material, including atherothrombotic debris or thrombus) & Group non VTA (n=42): who had non-VTA (defined as no visible aspiration material and only blood).
Results: There was significant statistical difference between group VTA & Group non VTA as regard No reflow after aspiration(15.5%vs 45.5%, P =0.001), In hospital mortality (0% vs 9.5% ,P = 0.016), LVEF at hospital (47.90 ± 5.38 vs 42.36 ± 5.95, P =0.001) and LVEF after 1 month (51.90 ± 4.36 vs 48.83 ± 4.53, P =0.001). However, there was no significant statistical difference between both groups as regard baseline TIMI flow, syntax score, in-hospital MACE, length of hospital stays.
Conclusions: Our study resulted in aspiration of macro visible thrombus materials led to lower rates of no reflow after aspiration and better short-term clinical outcomes and prognosis than those patients with non-visible thrombus aspiration materials with ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated with pPCI.
Vitamin D Deficit Increases the Risk of Death from COVID-19 in Brazil
Authors: Ramos Eliza Miranda , Neto Daniel Ferreira de Lima , Araújo Emerson Luiz Lima , Venturini James , Facco Gilberto Gonçalves , Vieira Hugo Miguel Ramos , Rodrigues Grazielle Franco Ferro da Costa , Duarte Vitor Hugo dos Santos , Carvalho Alexandra Maria Almeida 
Published: April 2023

Introduction: The disease caused by the new Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was called COVID-19 and has currently been a public and emergency health concern in Brazil and other countries.
Aim: This article aims to describe the statistical associations of a group of patients who progressed to death with COVID-19 and who had a low level of Vitamin D in the blood.
Methods: This is an observational, case-control and clinical study involving 103 patients with COVID-19 and with severe symptoms that progressed to death.
Results: A total of 92 patients (89.3%) infected with COVID-19 died and had serum vitamin D levels significantly lower than 30 ng/ml. However, a total of 80 (77.6%) patients had a Vitamin D level of less than 20 ng/ml. Compared with the control group, all-cell levels of inflammatory markers were significantly higher in blood serum when level with Vitamin D from COVID-19 patients in the treatment group (n ≤ 30 ng/ml).
Conclusion: This study showed that patients with serum Vitamin D deficiency are more susceptible to the worsening of COVID-19 and it is generally associated with the release of cytokines as cellular markers mainly in the increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Potential of Hawleyite Cadmium Sulphide (CdS) Nanofilms for PV Cell Applications
Authors: Ubieko E. A. , Amusan J. A. , Osarolube E. , Okujagu C. U. 
Published: April 2023

The search for suitable materials as buffer layer in the development of photovoltaic cell necessitates the study. The objective is thus, to synthesize and characterize CdS nanofilm for photovoltaic cell application. Thin films of Cadmium Sulphide were deposited on degreased glass substrate, from a bath containing the precursors via Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) technique. The Physical, Structural, and optical properties were investigated by X-Ray diffractometer, Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM), surface profilometer, Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and spectrophotometer. The 9 hours CdS sample showed peak intensities at 30.95o and 51.77o with hkl values of (1 1 1) and (2 2 0). The 12 hours sample showed peak intensities at 30.95o and 51.55o with hkl values of (1 1 1) and (2 2 0). The planes of cubic phase correspond to the mineral Hawleyites for both samples. The average Crystallite grain size for the 9 hours sample is 27.72nm and 38.99nm for the 12 hours samples. The Scanning Electron microscopy analyses illustrate the morphology and the level of uniformity of the CdS coating across the surface of the 9 hours sample and 12 hours samples. The micrographs although slightly similar, the 12 hours sample appeared to be more uniformly coated when compared to the 9 hours sample. Electron-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) indicated the percentage composition of Cadmium and Sulphide present in the both 9 hours and 12 hours samples, with Cadmium having an average composition of 26.45% and sulphide 8.65% for the 9 hours sample, and 61.95% for Cadmium and 16.43% for Sulphide in the 12 hours CdS sample. The Spectrophotometer was used to investigate the behavior of both samples in the UV (≤ 400nm), Visible and part of the Infrared region. The bandgap energies of both 9 hours and 12 hours sample were 2.36eV and 2.257eV respectively. The average value for the optical conductivity for 9hours sample is 5.099 x 1013 and 7.75 x 1013 for 12 hours sample. The average values of the extinction coefficients, k for 9 hours sample is 1.07 x 109 and 2.02 x 109 for 12 hours sample. The average thickness value of CdS Sample deposited for 9 hours is 14.10 x10-9m while that of the CdS sample deposited for 12 hours is 14.5 x 10-9m. The results affirm the choice of CdS film as buffer layer of the photovoltaic cells.
A Case Report of Brain Metastases after Neoadjuvant Chemo and Radiotherapy for Esophagogastric Junction Adenocarcinoma in an Adult Male Patient
Authors: Jun Fu Zhi , Long Wu Wen , Abbas Muhammad , Guang LI Shu , Jie Bi Ren , Fu Cao Ming 
Published: April 2023

Background: Treatment given as a first step to shrink a tumor before the main treatment, which is usually surgery, is given. Examples of neoadjuvant therapy include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and hormone therapy. It is a type of induction therapy. The most common pattern of esophageal cancer metastases (ECM) is to the lymph nodes, lung, liver, bones, adrenal glands, and brain.
Case Presentation: A male patient, 47 years old, was admitted to the hospital on July 31, 2020, mainly due to "progressive dysphagia. Two months ago, the patient had difficulty eating without obvious incentives, especially when eating hard food such as rice. The liquid diet was acceptable, accompanied by retrosternal pain and discomfort, heartburn, and obvious weight loss. The symptoms gradually aggravated without obvious relief.
Conclusion: In summary, there are few international investigations and an absence of relevant information and literature on the environment in which tumor cells survive after radiotherapy. Clinicians can't ignore the issue of whether radiotherapy will alter the tumor cells' natural environment, leading to tumor cell escape and an increase in brain metastases.
Partial cooling of the upper body with a water-cooled vest in an environment exceeding body temperature
Authors: Inoue Daisuke , Nagano Chikage , Tabuchi Shota , Endo Yukimi , Hashimoto Kahori , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Nakayama Masashi , Hibino Hiroyuki , Morizane Shuhei , Inoue Jinro , Horie Seichi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the efficacy of water-cooled clothing that continuously cools restricted body areas to suppress body temperature increase as an anti-heatstroke measure for workers in hot environments that exceed body temperature.

Methods
Ten healthy men were placed in Room A (air temperature: 25°C, relative humidity: 50%) for 15 min. They were then transferred to Room B (air temperature: 40°C, relative humidity: 50%), where they rested for 10 min, then put on cooling clothing, and again rested for 15 min (the control group rested for 25 min). They then performed intense ergometer exercise for 40 min at 40% maximal oxygen consumption after which they rested for 10 min. The three trial conditions were CON (long-sleeved summer work clothes), VEST (cooling vest), and P-VEST (partial cooling vest). In VEST and P-VEST, water-cooled clothing continuously recirculated with 10°C water was used to cool the upper body. In P-VEST, only the neck, axillae, and heart areas were in contact with the cooled clothing. The measured indices were the rectal, esophageal, and external auditory canal temperatures; heart rate; estimated sweat volume; and subjective evaluations.

Results
Compared with the CON condition, the rectal, esophageal, and external auditory canal temperatures and the heart rate were significantly lower and the subjective indices were decreased in the VEST and P-VEST conditions.

Conclusions
Partial cooling showed a body cooling effect similar to that of whole upper body cooling. Partial body cooling promoted the heat dissipation, suggesting that partial cooling is efficient for maintaining body cooling in hot environments.
Activatable Graphene Quantum‐Dot‐Based Nanotransformers for Long‐Period Tumor Imaging and Repeated Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Yang Yuqi , Wang Baolong , Zhang Xu , Li Hongchuang , Yue Sen , Zhang Yifan , Yang Yunhuang , Liu Maili , Ye Chaohui , Huang Peng , Zhou Xin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is considered as an emerging therapeutic modality against cancer with high spatiotemporal selectivity because the utilized photosensitizers (PSs) are only active and toxic upon light irradiation. To maximize its effectiveness, PDT is usually applied repetitively for ablating various tumors. However, the total overdose of PSs from repeated administrations causes severe side effects. Herein, acidity‐activated graphene quantum dots‐based nanotransformers (GQD NT) are developed as PS vehicles for long‐period tumor imaging and repeated PDT. Under the guidance of Arg‐Gly‐Asp peptide, GQD NT targets to tumor tissues actively, and then loosens and enlarges in tumor acidity, thus promising long tumor retention. Afterwards, GQD NT transforms into small pieces for better penetration in tumor. Upon laser irradiation, GQD NT generates mild hyperthermia that enhances cell membrane permeability and further promotes the PSs uptake. Most intriguingly, the as‐prepared GQD NT not only “turns‐on” fluorescence/magnetic resonance signals, but also achieves efficient repeated PDT. Notably, the total PSs dose is reduced to 3.5 µmol kg−1, which is 10–30 times lower than that of other reported works. Overall, this study exploits a smart vehicle to enhance accumulation, retention, and release of PSs in tumors through programmed deformation, thus overcoming the overdose obstacle in repeated PDT.
Bionic Tactile‐Gustatory Receptor for Object Identification Based on All‐Polymer Electrochemical Transistor
Authors: Liu Guocai , Wen Wei , Zhao Zhiyuan , Huang Xin , Li Yifan , Qin Mingcong , Pan Zhichao , Guo Yunlong , Liu Yunqi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHuman sensory receptors enable the real world to be perceived effortlessly. Hence, massive efforts have been devoted to the development of bionic receptors capable of identifying objects. Unfortunately, most of the existing devices are limited to single sensory emulation and are established on solid‐state electronic technologies, which are incompatible with the biological reactions occurring in electrolyte media. Here, an iontronic tactile‐gustatory receptor using an all‐polymer electrochemical transistor (AECT) is presented. The sensor is biocompatible with the operation voltage of 0.1 V, which is 1 to 2 orders lower than those of reported values. By this study, one receptor is able to accurately recognize various objects perceived by the human tactile and gustatory system without complex circuitry. Additionally, to promote its further application, flexible AECT arrays with channel length of 2 µm and density of 104 167 transistors cm−2 (yield of 97%) are fabricated, 1 to 5 orders higher than those of related works. Finally, a flexible integrated network for electrocardiogram recording is successfully constructed. This study moves a step forward toward state‐of‐the‐art bionic sensors.
Enzymatic Regulation of Protein–Protein Interactions in Artificial Cells
Authors: van Veldhuisen Thijs W. , Altenburg Wiggert J. , Verwiel Madelief A. M. , Lemmens Lenne J. M. , Mason Alexander F. , Merkx Maarten , Brunsveld Luc , van Hest Jan C. M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMembraneless organelles are important for spatial organization of proteins and regulation of intracellular processes. Proteins can be recruited to these condensates by specific protein–protein or protein–nucleic acid interactions, which are often regulated by post‐translational modifications. However, the mechanisms behind these dynamic, affinity‐based protein recruitment events are not well understood. Here, a coacervate system that incorporates the 14‐3‐3 scaffold protein to study enzymatically regulated recruitment of 14‐3‐3‐binding proteins is presented, which mostly bind in a phosphorylation‐dependent manner. Synthetic coacervates are efficiently loaded with 14‐3‐3, and phosphorylated binding partners, such as the c‐Raf pS233/pS259 peptide (c‐Raf), show 14‐3‐3‐dependent sequestration with up to 161‐fold increase in local concentration. The c‐Raf domain is fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP‐c‐Raf) to demonstrate recruitment of proteins. In situ phosphorylation of GFP‐c‐Raf by a kinase leads to enzymatically regulated uptake. The introduction of a phosphatase into coacervates preloaded with the phosphorylated 14‐3‐3‐GFP‐c‐Raf complex results in a significant cargo efflux mediated by dephosphorylation. Finally, the general applicability of this platform to study protein–protein interactions is demonstrated by the phosphorylation‐dependent and 14‐3‐3‐mediated active reconstitution of a split‐luciferase inside artificial cells. This work presents an approach to study dynamically regulated protein recruitment in condensates, using native interaction domains.
Thermally Stable and Radiation‐Proof Visible‐Light Photodetectors Made from N‐Doped Diamond
Authors: Sittimart Phongsaphak , Ohmagari Shinya , Umezawa Hitoshi , Kato Hiromitsu , Ishiji Kotaro , Yoshitake Tsuyoshi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDue to the limits of the physical properties of conventional semiconductors against harsh environments, seeking a suitable material for next‐generation photoconversion devices with high‐temperature stability and strong radiation hardness has become a hot issue. Here, visible‐light photodetectors are fabricated on an N‐doped diamond. Their visible‐light detection via charge‐neutralized impurity levels including multi‐complex mid‐gap states induced crystal defects shows photosensitivity of at least four orders (104), the visible responsivity of 0.08 A W−1, and the detectivity of 3.9 × 1012 Jones. No significant deterioration of such figures of merit of photodetectors is observed even at an environmental temperature of 250 °C and after absorption to 10 MGy in the dose of white X‐ray. N‐doped diamond shows excellent potential to be applicable to visible‐light photodetectors for harsh‐environmental implementations, which conventional visible‐light photodetectors are not capable of so far.
Ultrahigh Raman‐Fluorescence Dual‐Enhancement in Nanogaps of Silver‐Coated Gold Nanopetals
Authors: Bi Xinyuan , Fang Zhening , Deng Binge , Zhou Lei , Ye Jian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRaman‐fluorescence dual‐mode enhanced nanoparticles have enormous potential for bioimaging with combined advantages of sensitivity and speed. This is primarily achieved through a trade‐off between fluorescence quenching and electromagnetic (EM) enhancement on the plasmonic metal surface, as demonstrated in previous research. A strategy that can minimize EM‐field attenuation and temporal photobleaching would be highly desirable. In this study, a novel approach using Raman‐fluorescence enhanced dual‐mode nanoparticles with the near‐infrared fluorescence reporter IR780 directly embedded in the ultra‐high EM fields between gold (Au) nanopetals of various morphology and a silver (Ag) coating without a spacer is presented. The results show these nanoparticles to be single‐nanoparticle Raman sensitive and that they can generate a fluorescence enhancement factor as high as 1113 experimentally and 2000 by numerical simulation. The random morphology of the nanopetals supports broadband resonances for both fluorescence excitation and emission, resulting in nanowatt detectability, the dual‐mode photostability of more than 30 min under continuous laser irradiation, and a long shelf life, making them promising for wide applications in bioimaging with ultra‐brightness, low laser power, and long‐duration monitoring. In summary, they represent a novel strategy for high‐performance Raman‐fluorescence enhancement dual‐mode nanotags.
Cancer Cell‐Specific Fluorescent Prodrug Delivery Platforms
Authors: Ma Siyue , Kim Ji Hyeon , Chen Wei , Li Lu , Lee Jieun , Xue Junlian , Liu Yuxia , Chen Guang , Tang Bo , Tao Wei , Kim Jong Seung 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTargeting cancer cells with high specificity is one of the most essential yet challenging goals of tumor therapy. Because different surface receptors, transporters, and integrins are overexpressed specifically on tumor cells, using these tumor cell‐specific properties to improve drug targeting efficacy holds particular promise. Targeted fluorescent prodrugs not only improve intracellular accumulation and bioavailability but also report their own localization and activation through real‐time changes in fluorescence. In this review, efforts are highlighted to develop innovative targeted fluorescent prodrugs that efficiently accumulate in tumor cells in different organs, including lung cancer, liver cancer, cervical cancer, breast cancer, glioma, and colorectal cancer. The latest progress and advances in chemical design and synthetic considerations in fluorescence prodrug conjugates and how their therapeutic efficacy and fluorescence can be activated by tumor‐specific stimuli are reviewed. Additionally, novel perspectives are provided on strategies behind engineered nanoparticle platforms self‐assembled from targeted fluorescence prodrugs, and how fluorescence readouts can be used to monitor the position and action of the nanoparticle‐mediated delivery of therapeutic agents in preclinical models. Finally, future opportunities for fluorescent prodrug‐based strategies and solutions to the challenges of accelerating clinical translation for the treatment of organ‐specific tumors are proposed.
Texture Engineering Modulating Electromechanical Breakdown in Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors
Authors: Wang Jian , Shen Zhong‐Hui , Liu Run‐Lin , Shen Yang , Chen Long‐Qing , Liu Han‐Xing , Nan Ce‐Wen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the electromechanical breakdown mechanisms of polycrystalline ceramics is critical to texture engineering for high‐energy‐density dielectric ceramics. Here, an electromechanical breakdown model is developed to fundamentally understand the electrostrictive effect on the breakdown behavior of textured ceramics. Taking the Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3‐Sr0.7Bi0.2TiO3 ceramic as an example, it is found that the breakdown process significantly depends on the local electric/strain energy distributions in polycrystalline ceramics, and reasonable texture design could greatly alleviate electromechanical breakdown. Then, high‐throughput simulations are performed to establish the mapping relationship between the breakdown strength and different intrinsic/extrinsic variables. Finally, machine learning is conducted on the database from the high‐throughput simulations to obtain the mathematical expression for semi‐quantitatively predicting the breakdown strength, based on which some basic principles of texture design are proposed. The present work provides a computational understanding of the electromechanical breakdown behavior in textured ceramics and is expected to stimulate more theoretical and experimental efforts in designing textured ceramics with reliable electromechanical performances.
Lamellar Ionic Liquid Composite Electrolyte for Wide‐Temperature Solid‐State Lithium‐Metal Battery
Authors: Zhang Yafang , Huang Jiajia , Liu Huan , Kou Weijie , Dai Yan , Dang Wei , Wu Wenjia , Wang Jingtao , Fu Yongzhu , Jiang Zhongyi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractElectrolytes that can work over a wide temperature range are crucial forsustainable advanced energy systems. Here, a kind of lamellar ionic liquid composite electrolyte (L‐ILCE) is explored through confining ionic liquids (ILs) in ordered interlayer nanochannels of 2D vermiculite framework. It is demonstrated that, within nanochannels, the finely tuned microstructure can induce the rearrangement and crystallinity of ILs, affording L‐ILCE the combined superiorities of liquid electrolyte and solid‐state electrolyte. L‐ILCE exhibits high ionic conductivities (0.09–1.35 × 10−3 S cm−1 at −40 to 100 °C), whereas polymer and inorganic electrolytes usually lose ionic conduction ability below 0 °C. Additionally, L‐ILCE exhibits high transference number (0.89, comparable with single‐ion conductors) and wide electrochemical window (0–5.3 V). LiFePO4||Li and high‐voltage LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2||Li cells assembled from L‐ILCEs exhibit highly stable electrochemical performance in −20 to 60 °C. Furthermore, pouch cells (0.1 Ah) exhibit high capacity of 93.8 and 45.0 mAh after 50 cycles along with capacity retention of 97% and 98% at 60 and −20 °C, respectively, as well as excellent flexibility and safety. This study offers promise in the rational design of advanced ion conductors for lithium‐based batteries with wider operating temperatures.