bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facial nerve axotomy induces morphological changes in hippocampal pyramidal neurons
Authors: Bolívar‐Baquero Oscar , Troncoso Julieta 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFacial nerve injury in rats have been widely used to study functional and structural changes that occur in the injured motoneurons and other central nervous system structures related with sensorimotor processing. A decrease in long‐term potentiation of hippocampal CA3‐to‐CA1 commissural synapse has recently been reported related to this peripheral injury. Additionally, it has been found increased corticosterone plasmatic levels, impairment in spatial memory consolidation, and hippocampal microglial activation in animals with facial nerve axotomy. In this work, we analyzed the neuronal morphology of hippocampal CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neurons in animals with either reversible or irreversible facial nerve injury. For this purpose, brain tissues of injured animals sacrificed at different postlesion times, were stained with the Golgi‐Cox method and compared with control brains. It was found that both reversible and irreversible facial nerve injury‐induced significant decreases in dendritic tree complexity, dendritic length, branch points, and spine density of hippocampal neurons. However, such changes’ timing varied according to hippocampal area (CA1 vs. CA3), dendritic area (apical vs. basal), and lesion type (reversible vs. irreversible). In general, the observed changes were transient when animals had the possibility of motor recovery (reversible injury), but perdurable if the recovery from the lesion was impeded (irreversible injury). CA1 apical and CA3 basal dendritic tree morphology were more sensible to irreversible injury. It is concluded that facial nerve injury induced significant changes in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neurons morphology, which could be related to LTP impairments and microglial activation in the hippocampal formation, previously described.
Generic framework for quantifying the influence of the mitral valve on ventricular blood flow
Authors: Thiel Jan‐Niklas , Steinseifer Ulrich , Neidlin Michael 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBlood flow within the left ventricle provides important information regarding cardiac function in health and disease. The mitral valve strongly influences the formation of flow structures and there exist various approaches for the representation of the valve in numerical models of left ventricular blood flow. However, a systematic comparison of the various mitral valve models is missing, making a priori decisions considering the overall model's context of use impossible. Within this study, a benchmark setup to compare the influence of mitral valve modeling strategies on intraventricular flow features was developed. Then, five mitral valve models of increasing complexity: no modeling, static wall, 2D and 3D porous medium with time‐dependent porosity, and one‐way fluid–structure interaction (FSI) were compared with each other. The flow features velocity, kinetic energy, transmitral pressure drop, vortex formation, flow asymmetry as well as computational cost and ease‐of‐implementation were evaluated. The one‐way FSI approach provides the highest level of flow detail, which is accompanied by the highest numerical costs and challenges with the implementation. As an alternative, the porous medium approach with the expansion including time‐dependent porosity provides good results with up to 10% deviations in the flow features (except the transmitral pressure drop) in comparison to the FSI model and only a fraction (11%) of numerical costs. However, jet propagation speed is highly underestimated by all alternative approaches to the FSI model. Taken together, our benchmark setup allows a quantitative comparison of various mitral valve modeling approaches and is provided to the scientific community for further testing and expansion.
Self‐organization in an Open Reaction Network for Developing High‐function Organized Molecular Systems**
Authors: Mukouyama Yoshiharu , Nakato Yoshihiro 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSelf‐organized molecular systems such as liposomes and supramolecules have attracted considerable attention due to their characteristic properties. An open reaction network (ORN) is another interesting candidate for such systems; however, no stabilization mechanism has been clarified. This work reveals, by computer simulation and experiments, that a network of irreversible processes such as an ORN can be stabilized by self‐organization through a full balance between all the involved irreversible processes, thus forming a steady state. The formation of a steady state indicates that a large spontaneous order is formed; specifically, self‐organization occurs. Computer simulations also reveal that such a steady state characteristically evolves toward a high‐efficiency state through the development of highly ordered structures. These findings indicate that ORN provides a new method for developing high‐function organized molecular systems, such as an efficient catalytic system in a composite of ORN and equilibrium molecular structures such as supramolecules and polymers.
An Alternate Process for the Solid‐Phase Synthesis and Solid‐Phase Purification of Synthetic Nucleic Acid Sequences
Authors: Cawrse Brian M. , Takahashi Mayumi , Grajkowski Andrzej , Beaucage Serge L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe chemical synthesis of a riboside phosphoramidite has been achieved to provide a 5‐O‐capture linker and a 2‐O‐silyl ether protecting group with the intent of enabling an efficient solid‐phase purification of synthetic DNA sequences. The riboside phosphoramidite has been incorporated into a DNA sequence while performing the penultimate automated solid‐phase synthesis cycle of the sequence. The terminal 5‐O‐riboside moiety of the resulting DNA sequence is then conjugated to a capture linker to create an anchor for the solid‐phase purification of the DNA sequence conjugate. Release of all DNA sequences from the synthesis support is achieved under standard basic conditions to yield a mixture of the desired DNA sequence conjugate along with unconjugated, shorter‐than‐full‐length sequence contaminants. Upon exposure of all DNA sequences to a capture solid support, only the DNA sequence conjugate is chemoselectively captured, thereby allowing the unconjugated shorter‐than‐full‐length DNA sequences to be efficiently washed away from the capture support. After 2‐O‐cleavage of the silyl ether protecting group from the terminal riboside ethylphosphate triester conjugate, the solid‐phase‐purified DNA sequence is efficiently released from the capture support through an innovative intramolecular cyclodeesterification of the ethylphosphate triester, prompted by the riboside's rigid cis‐diol conformer, to provide a highly pure DNA sequence. Published 2023. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of 5‐O‐(4,4′‐dimethoxytrityl)‐2‐O‐tert‐butyldimethylsilyl‐1,4‐anhydro‐D‐ribitol (3)Basic Protocol 2: Preparation of 5‐O‐(4,4′‐dimethoxytrityl)‐2‐O‐tert‐butyldimethylsilyl‐3‐O‐[(N,N‐diisopropylamino)ethyloxyphosphinyl]‐1,4‐anhydro‐D‐ribitol (6).Basic Protocol 3: Automated synthesis of the chimeric solid‐phase‐linked DNA sequence 8.Support Protocol: Preparation of 2‐cyanoethyl‐(5‐oxohexyl)‐N,N‐diisopropylphosphoramidite (9).Basic Protocol 4: Solid‐phase purification of the chimeric DNA sequence 10
How authenticity of corporate social responsibility affects organizational attractiveness: Stakeholder perceptions of organizational ideology
Authors: Turker Duygu , Can Ozge , Aras‐Beger Gizem 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDespite the impact of ideologies on corporate social responsibility (CSR), little is known whether the authenticity of CSR can be assessed in the face of ideological tensions. Following cognitive dissonance and attribution theories, this study investigates the impact of CSR authenticity, which is conceptualized as a function of (1) the ideological fit between company and its CSR initiative and (2) the perceived motive of an ideologically distinct initiative, on organizational attractiveness. Findings of a survey on 253 respondents reveal that while both dimensions of CSR authenticity affect organizational attractiveness, the fit between company and its CSR has a higher effect than does the social motive of CSR. Moreover, positive attitudes toward the CSR initiative as well as the company itself both mediate these relationships. The study shows taking an ideological perspective in authenticity is a relevant approach to understand CSR in the politically polarized contexts of most countries.
Multifunctional Molecule Assists Passivate Method to Simultaneously Improve the Efficiency and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Meng Xiangxin , Shen Bo , Sun Qing , Deng Jianguo , Hu Die , Kang Bonan , Silva S. Ravi P. , Wang Xu , Wang Lijun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been greatly improved recently. However, in organic–inorganic polycrystalline perovskite films many defects inevitably exist, which limits the PCE and stability of PSCs. Herein, a small organic molecule 2‐chlorothiazole‐4‐carboxylic acid (SN) is spin coated on a perovskite film to enhance the performance of PSCs. We find that the multifunctional molecule SN reacts with under‐coordinated Pb2+ ions and I− vacancies because of the presence of the sulfur and nitrogen donor atoms, and the −COOH groups, which are conducive to suppressing charge recombination and passivating defects. Even more, the introduction of the SN layer can effectively adjust the energy level alignment, which is conducive to the separation and extraction of charge carriers in PSCs. Therefore, devices with SN modification show a champion PCE of 22.55 %. Besides, PSCs with SN show impressive stability, retaining 96 % of its initial PCE after storage in ambient air for 500 h.
Initiative of clinical single‐cell biomedicine in clinical and translational medicine
Authors: Liu Fangming , Liu Xuanqi , Powell Charles A , Chen Chengshui , Zeng Yiming , Fang Hao , Wang Xiangdong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWith rapid developments of single‐cell sequencing and multi/trans‐omics, clinical single‐cell biomedicine is a new and emergent discipline to integrate single‐cell molecular and clinical phenomes and uncover new disease‐specific diagnoses and therapy. The journal of Clinical and Translational Medicine (CTM) launches the first CTM initiative of clinical single‐cell biomedicine (cscBioMed) to promote the discovery and development of single‐cell‐based biology and medicine, speed the translation from single‐cell biology into clinical application, and improve early diagnosis and therapy for human diseases. The cscBioMed initiative is speeding translational processes from circulating single‐cell RNA sequencing into routine measures in clinical biochemistry of haematology, from spatial transcriptomics into single‐cell pathology, and from single‐cell‐based biomarkers and targets into clinical diagnostics and target drugs. With a clear goal, we expect that cscBioMed will benefit human health by establishing a clinical single‐cell dynamic monitoring and early predicting system and by improving diagnosis and treatment.
Synthesis of Azaspiro Tricyclic Scaffolds through Post‐Ugi Modifications: Scope and Limitation of Aza‐Michael Cyclization
Authors: Ambule Mayur D. , Bhumij Mandweep , Kumar Asheesh , Kant Ruchir , Kumar Srivastava Ajay 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPost‐Ugi modifications offer a great tool to construct functionalized heterocycles in an atom‐economic manner. Using this approach, we have constructed highly functionalized azaspiro tricyclic scaffolds that involve Ugi condensation and ipso‐cyclization followed by aza‐Michael ring closures. Herein, we present a detailed account of aza‐Michael cyclizations with respect to substrate scope and limitations, along with new methods to prepare novel azaspiro tricyclic scaffolds.
Allylsulfones through Palladium‐Catalyzed Allylic C−H Sulfonylation of Terminal Alkenes
Authors: Chen Tingting , Lahbi Jassmin , Broggini Gianluigi , Pradal Alexandre , Poli Giovanni 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTwo previously unknown protocols for Pd‐catalyzed allylic C−H sulfonylation of terminal alkenes have been developed. While the former consists of a direct Pd(II)‐catalyzed oxidative C−H allylic sulfonylation in the presence of sulfinate anions, the latter involves a sequential one‐pot Pd(II)‐catalyzed C−H allylic acetoxylation followed by a Pd(0)‐catalyzed sulfonylation. The scope of both protocols was studied on 25 examples.
Deep reinforcement learning‐based full‐duplex link scheduling in federated learning‐based computing for IoMT
Authors: Guan Zheng , Li Ya , Yu Shengqian , Yang Zhijun 
Published: January 2023

SummaryThe rapid developments in mini‐hardware manufacturing and wireless network communications have enabled the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) to provide continuous healthcare services over the Internet. Federated learning (FL) combined with blockchain technology has been a popular way to resolve privacy‐preserving data sharing in IoMT‐based wireless body area networks (WBANs), on the other side, communication payloads become much heavier than traditional healthcare sensor network, because central server should aggregate the model updates and orchestrate the training tasks. The high latency will lead to FL's low system efficiency. However, the existing studies on FL mainly focus on the system design and algorithm optimization, which ignore a critical problem of data transmission in the FL system. To improve the communication performance, we proposed a two‐tier scheduling algorithm in which a full‐duplex (FD) multiple access based scheduling algorithm is employed to improve channel utility and network throughput, and decrease the delay in tier II. A deep reinforcement learning (DRL) framework is used to generate the FD links between hubs and access points (APs) which jointly considers the channel state, fairness, and delay. Therefore, the DRL‐based FD Link Scheduling (R‐FDLS) algorithm is proposed. When the traffic volume is different or in various distribution scenarios, the evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm significantly improves the network communication quality, as well as has obvious advantages compared to several baselines.
A seven‐year study on the effects of four tillage modes on soil physicochemical properties, microbial biomass, enzymatic activities, and grain yield in a rice–ratoon rice cropping system
Authors: Jiang Shuochen , Du Bin , Hu Fengqin , Zhang Haiwei , Kong Pan , Wu Qixia , Zhu Jianqiang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRatoon rice is resource efficient to produce economically sound and environmentally sustainable rice production. However, there is no more information on the relative impact of soil tillage practices on soil physical and chemical properties, microbial biomass, and enzymatic activity, and grain yield in a rice–ratoon rice cropping system remains to be tested. Systematic study of soil under ratooning rice model is a problem to be solved in the development of ratooning rice model. This study primarily investigated the long‐term (from 2014 to 2020) changes in soil bulk density (BD), soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration, total nitrogen (TN) concentration, microbial biomass, β‐glucosidase activity (BG), urease activity (UR), and yield under four treatments: no‐tillage (NT), no plowing tillage + rotatory tillage (RT), plowing tillage in winter + rotatory tillage (PTW), and plowing tillage in spring + rotatory tillage (PTS). NT increased BD by 9.65%–12.97%, and RT increased the 20–40 cm soil layer BD by 8.80% in 2020, compared with the baseline initial value (in 2014). Plowing tillage (PT) time had no significant effect on BD. All tillage methods decreased the SOC concentration in the 0–20 cm soil layer, and only RT increased the TN concentration. PT was the only treatment that increased the SOC and TN concentrations in the 20–40 cm soil layer. Both the main‐season rice yield and the ratoon season rice yield ranked PTW > PTS > NT > RT, in which the main‐season rice yield increased by 28.15% and the ratoon season rice yield increased by 25.19% in PTW. Overall, the PTW treatment had the highest microbial biomass, enzyme activity, and grain yield compared with the other tillage methods. In conclusion, plowing tillage in winter + rotatory tillage is a more suitable tillage method under the mode of ratooning rice.
Effect of clarification on physicochemical properties and nutrient retention of pressed and blended cashew apple juice
Authors: Aluko Angela , Makule Edna , Kassim Neema 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe cashew apple is a nutritious pseudofruit of the cashew tree, after the nut. It is highly perishable and has an astringent taste, which hinder its utilization in the food sector. This study was designed to optimize clarification of cashew apple juice (CAJ) using gelatine, and assess the effect of clarification on physicochemical properties (titratable acidity, total soluble solids, and pH), nutrient retention, and sensory quality of pressed and blended CAJ. CAJ was treated with gelatine concentrations (0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 g/L) at room temperature (24–26°C) for 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 h. Both clarified and unclarified juice were analyzed for tannin, total phenol, β‐carotene, vitamin C, sugar, minerals, antioxidant activity, and physicochemical and sensory qualities. The results showed that tannin in pressed CAJ was optimally reduced from 217.6 mg/100 ml TAE to 24.6 mg/100 ml TAE, and from 258.0 mg/100 ml TAE to 55.0 mg/100 ml TAE in blended CAJ, using 0.2 g of gelatine in a liter of juice, for 2 h at room temperature. Both CAJ with and without clarification showed no significant difference in pH, total soluble solids, and titratable acidity (p < .05). However, blended CAJ had higher contents of total phenol, tannin, β‐carotene, vitamin C, sugar, minerals, and antioxidant activity (p < .05). The use of a low concentration (0.2 g/L) of gelatine in a liter of either blended or pressed CAJ yielded sweet and less astringent CAJ with high‐intensity yellow color. The technologies performed well at room temperature and therefore provide the basis for potential business investment.
Low‐temperature preferential CO oxidation in a hydrogen‐rich stream over Pt‐NaY and modified Pt‐NaY catalysts for fuel cell application
Authors: Malwadkar Sachin , Bera Parthasarathi , Satyanarayana Chilukuri V. V. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPreferential oxidation of CO (CO‐PROX) in the hydrogen‐rich stream has been carried out over Pt‐NaY catalysts containing various Pt loadings along with Fe, Co, and Au. Catalysts have been characterized with inductively coupled plasma‐atomic emission spectroscopy, Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller surface area, X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, temperature programmed reduction, and Pt dispersion. CO‐PROX activities and CO oxidation selectivities are observed to increase with an increase in Pt content. Pt‐NaY catalyst with 0.75 wt.% Pt loading shows maximum CO‐PROX activity at low temperatures. An increase in space velocity decreases the CO and O2 conversions, but CO oxidation selectivity increases. A decrease in activity is observed when reformat gas contains around 20% H2O. During the stability test, no change in CO and O2 conversions is observed, but a small increase in the CO oxidation selectivity is noticed after 10 h indicating that the Pt‐NaY catalyst is a promising candidate for CO‐PROX reaction in a hydrogen‐rich stream. The Pt‐Fe‐NaY catalyst shows better activity than the Pt‐NaY catalyst but starts deactivating after 10 h. However, activity is observed to decrease over Pt‐Co‐NaY and Pt‐Au‐NaY catalysts. Pt‐Fe‐NaY catalyst with 0.75 and 0.35 wt.% Pt and Fe, respectively, shows better CO‐PROX activity at a temperature of 75°C.
Hospitalizations in older‐adults newly diagnosed with dementia: A population‐based longitudinal study in Israel
Authors: Lutski Miri , Shahar Rotem , Vered Shiraz , Novick Deborah , Zucker Inbar , Weinstein Galit 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo compare inpatient burden (i.e. likelihood of hospitalization, number of admissions and length of stay) in persons with newly diagnosed dementia to the general population without dementia. Additionally, to evaluate whether inpatient burden is increased during the years prior to and post dementia diagnosis, and to identify factors associated with increased inpatient burden.MethodThe Israeli National Dementia Dataset (2016) was cross‐linked with the National Hospital Discharge Database of the Israeli Ministry of Health (2014–2018). Dementia definition was based on documented dementia diagnoses and/or the purchase of medications during 2016. Mixed‐effects models were applied to identify demographic and health characteristics associated with inpatient burden in the one and 2 years prior to and after dementia diagnosis.ResultsThe dataset included 11,625 individuals aged ≥65 years, identified as incident dementia cases. Compared to the general population of older‐adults without dementia, those with newly diagnosed dementia had a higher age‐standardized proportion of hospitalizations (26.4% vs. 40%). The odds for hospitalization were highest during the year preceding dementia diagnosis (OR = 3.19, 95% CI 2.51–4.06) compared to 2 years prior to diagnosis, and remained high (although slightly decreased) after dementia diagnosis. Older age was associated with inpatient burden after, but not prior to dementia diagnosis.ConclusionsOlder persons with dementia are a vulnerable population group with increased utilization of inpatient burden compared to those without dementia, particularly in the years surrounding dementia diagnosis. Sociodemographic risk factors may differ with respect to the time surrounding dementia diagnosis.
LRP6 High Bone Mass Characterized in Two Generations Harboring a Unique Mutation of Low‐Density Lipoprotein Receptor‐Related Protein 6
Authors: Whyte Michael P , Mumm Steven , Baker Jonathan C , Zhang Fan , Sedighi Homer , Duan Shenghui , Cundy Tim 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTOsteoblast Wnt/β‐catenin signaling conditions skeletal development and health. Bone formation is stimulated when on the osteoblast surface a Wnt binds to low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 5 (LRP5) or 6 (LRP6), in turn coupled to a frizzled receptor. Sclerostin and dickkopf1 inhibit osteogenesis if either links selectively to the first β‐propeller of LRP5 or LRP6, thereby disassociating these cognate co‐receptors from the frizzled receptor. Sixteen heterozygous mutations identified since 2002 within LRP5 and three heterozygous mutations identified since 2019 within LRP6 prevent this binding of sclerostin or dickkopf1 and account for the exceptionally rare, but highly instructive, autosomal dominant disorders called LRP5 and LRP6 high bone mass (HBM). Herein, we characterize LRP6 HBM in the first large affected family. Their novel heterozygous LRP6 missense mutation (c.719C>T, p.Thr240Ile) was present in two middle‐aged sisters and three of their sons. They considered themselves healthy. Their broad jaw and torus palatinus developed during childhood and, contrary to the two previous reports of LRP6 HBM, the appearance of their adult dentition was unremarkable. Skeletal modeling, defined radiographically, supported classification as an endosteal hyperostosis. Areal bone mineral density (g/cm2) of the lumbar spine and total hip featured accelerated increases reaching Z‐scores of ~ +8 and +6, respectively, although biochemical markers of bone formation were normal. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.