bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization and clinical verification of immune-related genes in hepatocellular carcinoma to aid prognosis evaluation and immunotherapy
Authors: Qu Jialin , Sun Fenghao , Hou Yichen , Qi Haoran , Sun Xiaorong , Xing Ligang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Immune-related genes (IRGs) have been confirmed to play an important role in tumorigenesis and tumor microenvironment formation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We investigated how IRGs regulates the HCC immunophenotype and thus affects the prognosis and response to immunotherapy.

Methods
We investigated RNA expression of IRGs and developed an immune-related genes-based prognostic index (IRGPI) in HCC samples. Then, the influence of the IRGPI on the immune microenvironment was comprehensively analysed.

Results
According to IRGPI, HCC patients are divided into two immune subtypes. A high IRGPI was characterized by an increased tumor mutation burden (TMB) and a poor prognosis. More CD8 + tumor infiltrating cells and expression of PD-L1 were observed in low IRGPI subtypes. Two immunotherapy cohorts confirmed patients with low IRGPI demonstrated significant therapeutic benefits. Multiplex immunofluorescence staining determined that there were more CD8 + T cells infiltrating into tumor microenvironment in IRGPI-low groups, and the survival time of these patients was longer.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that the IRGPI serve as a predictive prognostic biomarker and potential indicator for immunotherapy.
Reducing infant and child mortality: assessing the social inclusiveness of child health care policies and programmes in three states of India
Authors: Bango Madhumita , Ghosh Soumitra 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Even though the overall infant mortality rate and child mortality rate have considerably declined in India, the marginalised groups-Scheduled Caste, and Scheduled Tribe, continue to have higher mortality rates. This study looks at the changes in IMR and CMR amongst disadvantaged and advanced social groups at the national level and in three states of India.

Data and methods
Data from five rounds of National Family Health Survey spanning nearly three decades have been used to measure IMR and CMR according to the social groups for India and for selected states-Bihar, West Bengal, and Tamil Nadu. The relative hazard curves were drawn to understand which social group’s children face a higher risk of dying in the first year of birth and between first year and age four in those three states. Further, a log-rank test was applied to examine whether the differences between the survival curves or distributions of the three social groups are statistically significant. Finally, the binary logit regression model was applied to investigate the effect of ethnicity, and other socio-economic and demographic covariates on the risk of infant and child deaths (1–4 years) in the country and in selected states.

Results
Hazard curve shows the probability of death within one year of birth was highest among the children belonging to the ST families, followed by SCs in India. And, the CMR was found to be higher amongst the STs compared to all other social groups as well at the national level. While Bihar had a remarkably high infant and child mortality rates, Tamil Nadu possessed the lowest child death rates irrespective of class, caste, and religion. The regression model revealed that most of the caste/tribe gaps in infant and child deaths might be attributed to the place of residence, mother’s level of education, economic status, and the number of children in a family. Notably, the multivariate analysis showed that ethnicity was an independent risk factor, when controlled for socioeconomic status.

Conclusion
The study detects the persistence of significant caste/tribe differentials in infant and child mortality in India. Poverty, education and health care access issues could be the possible reasons for the premature deaths of the children from deprived castes and tribes. There is a need to critically analyse the current health programmes aimed at reducing IMR and CMR to make them attuned to the needs of the marginalised communities.
Association of cigarette smoking habits with the risk of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Xiangwei , Chen Hong , Zhang Shiqiang , Chen Xianju , Sheng Yiyu , Pang Jun 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Association of cigarette smoking habits with the risk of prostate cancer is still a matter of debate. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the association between cigarette smoking and prostate cancer risk.

Methods
We conducted a systematic search on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science without language or time restrictions on June 11, 2022. Literature search and study screening were performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Prospective cohort studies that assessed the association between cigarette smoking habits and the risk of prostate cancer were included. Quality assessment was conducted using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. We used random-effects models to obtain pooled estimates and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals.

Results
A total of 7296 publications were screened, of which 44 cohort studies were identified for qualitative analysis; 39 articles comprising 3 296 398 participants and 130 924 cases were selected for further meta-analysis. Current smoking had a significantly reduced risk of prostate cancer (RR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.68–0.80; P < 0.001), especially in studies completed in the prostate-specific antigen screening era. Compared to former smokers, current smokers had a significant lower risk of PCa (RR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.65–0.75; P < 0.001). Ever smoking showed no association with prostate cancer risk in overall analyses (RR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93–1.00; P = 0.074), but an increased risk of prostate cancer in the pre-prostate-specific antigen screening era (RR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.00–1.10; P = 0.046) and a lower risk of prostate cancer in the prostate-specific antigen screening era (RR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.91–0.99; P = 0.011) were observed. Former smoking did not show any association with the risk of prostate cancer.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that the lower risk of prostate cancer in smokers can probably be attributed to their poor adherence to cancer screening and the occurrence of deadly smoking-related diseases, and we should take measures to help smokers to be more compliant with early cancer screening and to quit smoking.

Trial registration
This study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022326464).
Clinical efficacy of bioactive restorative materials in controlling secondary caries: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Pinto Noeleni Souza , Jorge Gabriela Rebouças , Vasconcelos Jader , Probst Livia Fernandes , De-Carli Alessandro Diogo , Freire Andrea 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
This systematic review and network meta-analysis aimed to compare the clinical efficacy of bioactive and conventional restorative materials in controlling secondary caries (SC) and to provide a classification of these materials according to their effectiveness.

Methods
A search was performed in Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, BBO, Lilacs, Cochrane Library, Scopus, IBECS and gray literature. Clinical trials were included, with no language or publication date limitations. Paired and network meta-analyses were performed with random-effects models, comparing treatments of interest and classifying them according to effectiveness in the permanent and deciduous dentition and at 1-year or 2/more years of follow-up. The risk of bias and certainty of evidence were evaluated.

Results
Sixty-two studies were included in the qualitative syntheses and 39 in the quantitative ones. In permanent teeth, resin composite (RC) (RR = 2.00; 95%CI = 1.10, 3.64) and amalgam (AAG) (RR = 1.79; 95%CI = 1.04, 3.09) showed a higher risk of SC than Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC). In the deciduous teeth, however, a higher risk of SC was observed with RC than with AAG (RR = 2.46; 95%CI = 1.42, 4.27) and in GIC when compared to Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement (RMGIC = 1.79; 95%CI = 1.04, 3.09). Most randomized clinical trials studies showed low or moderate risk of bias.

Conclusion
There is a difference between bioactive restorative materials for SC control, with GIC being more effective in the permanent teeth and the RMGIC in the deciduous teeth. Bioactive restorative materials can be adjuvants in the control of SC in patients at high risk for caries.
Transition to the ultimate turbulent regime in a very wide gap Taylor-Couette flow (η = 0.1) with a stationary outer cylinder
Authors: Hamede M. H. , Merbold S. , Egbers C. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The boundary layers in turbulent Taylor-Couette flow are exposed to transitions from laminar to turbulent states if the flow is sufficiently sheared. The present study examines this particular transition from the so-called “classical” to “ultimate” regime experimentally for a very wide-gap Taylor-Couette flow with a radius ratio of

and shear Reynolds numbers of up to

. In order to determine the transition, the angular momentum transport is measured by using torque sensors at the inner wall. This is complemented by measuring the radial and azimuthal velocities via a time-resolved Particle-Image-Velocimetry (PIV). The transition to the ultimate regime is found at

. The dimensionless angular momentum flux showed an effective scaling of

for

and is in agreement with the scaling laws used for the ultimate regime in narrow-gap Taylor-Couette flows. In addition, a spectral analysis was performed showing the existence of highly energetic small-scale and large-scale patterns in the classical regime whereas only highly energetic large-scale patterns were observed in the ultimate regime.
MPOWERED Trial Open-Label Extension: Long-term Efficacy and Safety Data for Oral Octreotide Capsules in Acromegaly
Authors: Fleseriu Maria , Molitch Mark , Dreval Alexander , Pokramovich Yulia , Bondar Irina , Poteshkin Yury , Macut Djuro , Obermayer-Pietsch Barbara , Gilgun-Sherki Yossi , Haviv Asi , Biermasz Nienke , Strasburger Christian J 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Context
The MPOWERED core trial (NCT02685709) and open-label extension (OLE) phase investigated long-term efficacy and safety of oral octreotide capsules (OOC) in patients with acromegaly. Core trial primary endpoint data demonstrated noninferiority to injectable somatostatin receptor ligands (iSRLs). Core trial completers were invited to participate in the OLE phase.

Objective
To assess long-term efficacy and safety of OOC in patients with acromegaly who previously responded to and tolerated both OOC and injectable octreotide/lanreotide and completed the core phase.

Methods
The unique study design of transitioning between OOC and iSRLs allowed within-patient evaluations. The proportion of biochemical responders (insulin-like growth factor I &lt; 1.3 × upper limit of normal) at end of each extension year who entered that year as responders was the main outcome measure.

Results
At year 1 extension end, 52/58 patients from both the monotherapy and the combination therapy groups were responders (89.7%; 95% CI 78.8-96.1), 36/41 (87.8%; 95% CI 73.8-95.9) in year 2, and 29/31 (93.5%; 95% CI 78.6-99.2) in year 3. No new or unexpected safety signals were detected; 1 patient withdrew owing to treatment failure. Patients who transitioned from iSRLs in the core trial to OOC in the OLE phase reported improved treatment convenience/satisfaction and symptom control.

Conclusion
Patient-reported outcome data support for the first time that transitioning patients randomized to iSRL (who previously responded to both OOC and iSRLs) back to OOC had a significant effect on patients’ symptoms score in a prospective cohort. The MPOWERED OLE showed long-term maintenance of response and sustained safety with OOC.
Anterior Transpetrosal Approach: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Kawase Takeshi , Jean Walter C. 
Published: June 2023

INDICATIONS: CORRIDOR AND LIMITS OF EXPOSURE:
The anterior transpetrosal approach uses the subtemporal corridor to access the Meckel cave and the upper petroclival region from the dorsum sellae down to the cerebellopontine angle.

ANATOMIC ESSENTIALS: NEED FOR PREOPERATIVE PLANNING AND ASSESSMENT:
The boundaries of posteromedial triangle of the middle fossa must be adequately visualized for the anterior petrosectomy. They are V3 anteriorly, the petrous ridge medially, GSPN laterally, and the meatal plane posteriorly.

ESSENTIALS STEPS OF THE PROCEDURE:
The position is supine with the head fully turned. After a temporal craniotomy, the dura is stripped off the floor of the middle fossa. The middle meningeal artery is coagulated and cut, and the greater superficial petrosal nerve is released to allow access to the petrous apex. The extent of the anterior petrosectomy is case-specific, tailored to the exposure needed. The posterior fossa dura is cut where exposed by the petrosectomy and the middle fossa dura just above level of the tentorium and parallel to it. The superior petrosal sinus is ligated and with tentorial incision up to the incisura, the approach is complete.

PITFALLS/AVOIDANCE OF COMPLICATIONS:
The contents of the petrous temporal bone, such as the cochlea and labyrinthine, and the point of crossing of the carotid artery under V3 must be examined preoperatively to avoid injury during drilling.

VARIANTS AND INDICATIONS FOR THEIR USE:
The anterior transpetrosal approach can be combined with other approaches to expand surgical access. Two examples of this are included in this video.
The patients consented to the surgery and to publication of their images.
Image at 0:36 from Kawase T, Toya S, Shiobara R, Mine T, Transpetrosal approach for aneurysm of the lower basilar artery, J Neurosurg, 1981;63(6):857-861, with permission from JNSPG; Image at 1:03 from Jean, Skull Base Surgery: Strategies, edition 1 (9781626239579), with permission from Thieme Publishers.
Comparative study on the accuracy, safety and clinical effect of CT navigation and traditional open screw placement in the Treatment of Thoracic Fracture
Authors: Song Yang , Ma Yue , Li Fan 
Published: June 2023

Objective: To explore the accuracy, safety and clinical effect of descending thoracic pedicle screw fixation assisted by computer CT three-dimensional navigation in the treatment of single segmental compression thoracic fracture.
Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis. From June 2020 to June 2022, eighty patients with thoracic vertebral fractures admitted to Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University were were divided into observation group and control group according to different methods of screw placement, with 40 cases in each group. The navigation system was used to insert pedicle screws, and the control group used traditional open X-ray to insert pedicle screws by hand. Further comparison was carried out in terms of the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, perioperative complications, accuracy and safety rate of screw placement, and vertebral compression ratio between both the groups.
Results: The average intraoperative blood loss in the observation group was significantly less than the control group, the average screw insertion time was significantly shorter than the control group, the postoperative average vertebral body compression ratios was significantly better than the control group, the excellent rate of screw insertion was better than the control group, while the incidence of complications was lower than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05).
Conclusion: Intraoperative CT navigation for pedicle screw placement can reduce the time of screw placement and intraoperative blood loss, improve the excellent rate of screw placement and the compression ratio of the anterior edge of the injured vertebra, the complication rate was low.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.4.3925
How to cite this: Song Y, Ma Y, Li F. Comparative study on the accuracy, safety and clinical effect of CT navigation and traditional open screw placement in the Treatment of Thoracic Fracture. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(4):1140-1143. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.4.3925
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Photogrammetrics and clinical features of nasal siliconoma in Asians
Authors: Ekaputri Krista , Prasetyono Theddeus Octavianus Hari 
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND Nasal silicone injections have been a common procedure among Asians. However, this procedure can lead to severe complications. Unfortunately, there are limited data available on the distortive characteristics of nasal siliconoma in the Asian population. This study aimed to provide objective data on the distortive characteristics of nasal siliconoma to be a reference for a treatment outcome.
METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from June 2017 to March 2018. The study included 30 Asian females with nasal siliconoma, and nasal photogrammetric measurements were taken using a portable mirror stand device and analyzed to formulate the distortive characteristics.
RESULTS The mean (standard deviation) of intercanthal width was 3.33 (0.25) cm, nasal root width was 2.70 (0.30) cm, alar width was 4.48 (0.31) cm, two tip-defining points (TDP) distance was 2.09 (0.22) cm, nasofrontal angle was 141.10 (8.40)°, length of the nose was 3.10 (0.48) cm, nasofacial angle was 32.94 (4.51)°, nasion projection was 0.64 (0.36) cm, pronasion projection was 2.00 (0.25–2.46) cm, tip angle was 122.7 (4.52)°, nasolabial angle was 78.81 (15.93)°, columella length (n = 20) was 0.64 (0.20) cm, tip lobular portion length was 1.12 (0.20) cm, the extend of extended columella was 0.47 (0.31) cm, and base of the nasal width was 3.98 (0.25) cm.
CONCLUSIONS Nasal siliconoma in Asians had certain characteristics such as a wider nasal root, wider two TDP distance, wider nasion projection, acute nasolabial angle, hanging columella, and a long lobular portion of the tip.
New drug submissions in Canada and a comparison with the Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency: Cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Lexchin Joel 
Published: June 2023

Background
Health Canada posts the outcomes of all New Drug Submissions. In some cases, companies have withdrawn submissions or submissions have been rejected by Health Canada for new active substances (NAS). This study explores the reasons for those decisions and compares them with decisions made by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA).

Methods
This is a cross-sectional analysis. Submissions for NAS between December 2015 and December 2022 were identified along with the original indications for the NAS, the information that Health Canada had available and the reasons for its decisions. Similar information was sourced from the FDA and the EMA. Their decisions were compared to those made by Health Canada. The time between decisions by Health Canada, the FDA and the EMA were calculated in months.

Results
Health Canada considered 272 NAS and approved 257. Sponsors withdrew 14 submissions for 13 NAS and Health Canada rejected submissions for 2 NAS. The FDA approved 7 of these NAS and the EMA approved 6, rejected 2 and submissions were withdrawn by 2 companies. Health Canada and the FDA considered similar information in 4 of 7 cases. Indications were the same except in one case. The FDA made decisions a mean of 15.5 months (interquartile range 11.4, 68.2) before companies withdrew their submissions from Health Canada. There were 5 cases where Health Canada and the EMA considered the same information and in 2 of those the outcome was different. Health Canada and EMA decisions were generally made within 1–2 months of each other. Indications were the same in all cases.

Conclusions
Differences in decision making by regulators are due to more than the data which with they are presented, the timing of the presentations and the indications for the drugs. Regulatory culture may have influenced decision making.
Portuguese Cinema (1960–2010): Consumption, Circulation and Commerce, André Rui Graça (2021)
Authors: Ribas Daniel 
Published: June 2023

Review of: Portuguese Cinema (1960–2010): Consumption, Circulation and Commerce, André Rui Graça (2021)
Suffolk: Boydell & Brewer, 238 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-85566-343-5, h/bk, £70
ISBN 978-1-78744-803-2, e-book, £24.99
Daniel Sennert és a késő arisztoteliánus vita az állatok lelkéről
Authors: Blank Andreas 
Published: June 2023

Mind az arisztoteliánus, mind a galeánus hagyomány érzékeny lélekkel
rendelkező lényeknek tekintette az állatokat, de mindkét hagyomány
ellentmondásos azzal a kérdéssel kapcsolatban, hogy az állati magok élőnek
számítanak-e vagy nem. A koramodern gondolkodók ennél tisztább megoldásokat
kerestek. Egyrészt kínálkozott a megoldás, hogy lélekkel rendelkezőnek
tekintsék az állati magokat – ezt a véleményt a wittembergi Daniel
Sennert (1572–1637) orvos képviselte. Másrészről lehetett az állati magokat
csupán anyagi létezőknek tekinteni. Ez a véleményt Juan Gallego de la Serna
képviselte, III. és IV. Fülöp spanyol királyok udvari orvosa. Gallego az
arisztotelészi természetfilozófia két központi fogalmát használta fel
érvelésében: az anyag potenciáljából edukálódó formák gondolatát és az
anyag és forma mint tökéltelen entitások elméletét. A cikk bemutatja
Sennert érvelésének kialakulását az állati magokról, amely Gallego és a
skolasztikus hagyomány részletes kritikáját jelenti.