bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer Cells Enter an Adaptive Persistence to Survive Radiotherapy and Repopulate Tumor
Authors: Zhao Yucui , Lu Tingting , Song Yanwei , Wen Yanqin , Deng Zheng , Fan Jiahui , Zhao Minghui , Zhao Ruyi , Luo Yuntao , xie Jianzhu , Hu Binjie , Sun Haoran , Wang Yiwei , He Sijia , Gong Yanping , Cheng Jin , Liu Xinjian , Yu Liang , Li Jikun , Li Chuanyuan , Shi Yongyong , Huang Qian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRepopulation of residual tumor cells impedes curative radiotherapy, yet the mechanism is not fully understood. It is recently appreciated that cancer cells adopt a transient persistence to survive the stress of chemo‐ or targeted therapy and facilitate eventual relapse. Here, it is shown that cancer cells likewise enter a “radiation‐tolerant persister” (RTP) state to evade radiation pressure in vitro and in vivo. RTP cells are characterized by enlarged cell size with complex karyotype, activated type I interferon pathway and two gene patterns represented by CST3 and SNCG. RTP cells have the potential to regenerate progenies via viral budding‐like division, and type I interferon‐mediated antiviral signaling impaired progeny production. Depleting CST3 or SNCG does not attenuate the formation of RTP cells, but can suppress RTP cells budding with impaired tumor repopulation. Interestingly, progeny cells produced by RTP cells actively lose their aberrant chromosomal fragments and gradually recover back to a chromosomal constitution similar to their unirradiated parental cells. Collectively, this study reveals a novel mechanism of tumor repopulation, i.e., cancer cell populations employ a reversible radiation‐persistence by poly‐ and de‐polyploidization to survive radiotherapy and repopulate the tumor, providing a new therapeutic concept to improve outcome of patients receiving radiotherapy.
Interpretable Machine Learning of Two‐Photon Absorption
Authors: Su Yuming , Dai Yiheng , Zeng Yifan , Wei Caiyun , Chen Yangtao , Ge Fuchun , Zheng Peikun , Zhou Da , Dral Pavlo O. , Wang Cheng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMolecules with strong two‐photon absorption (TPA) are important in many advanced applications such as upconverted laser and photodynamic therapy, but their design is hampered by the high cost of experimental screening and accurate quantum chemical (QC) calculations. Here a systematic study is performed by collecting an experimental TPA database with ≈900 molecules, analyzing with interpretable machine learning (ML) the key molecular features explaining TPA magnitudes, and building a fast ML model for predictions. The ML model has prediction errors of similar magnitude compared to experimental and affordable QC methods errors and has the potential for high‐throughput screening as additionally validated with the new experimental measurements. ML feature analysis is generally consistent with common beliefs which is quantified and rectified. The most important feature is conjugation length followed by features reflecting the effects of donor and acceptor substitution and coplanarity.
Unique Photoactivated Time‐Resolved Response in 2D GeS for Selective Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Mohammad Reza , Hasani Amirhossein , Jaferzadeh Keyvan , Fawzy Mirette , De Silva Thushani , Abnavi Amin , Ahmadi Ribwar , Ghanbari Hamidreza , Askar Abdelrahman , Kabir Fahmid , Rajapakse R.K.N.D. , Adachi Michael M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractVolatile organic compounds (VOCs) sensors have a broad range of applications including healthcare, process control, and air quality analysis. There are a variety of techniques for detecting VOCs such as optical, acoustic, electrochemical, and chemiresistive sensors. However, existing commercial VOC detectors have drawbacks such as high cost, large size, or lack of selectivity. Herein, a new sensing mechanism is demonstrated based on surface interactions between VOC and UV‐excited 2D germanium sulfide (GeS), which provides an effective solution to distinguish VOCs. The GeS sensor shows a unique time‐resolved electrical response to different VOC species, facilitating identification and qualitative measurement of VOCs. Moreover, machine learning is utilized to distinguish VOC species from their dynamic response via visualization with high accuracy. The proposed approach demonstrates the potential of 2D GeS as a promising candidate for selective miniature VOCs sensors in critical applications such as non‐invasive diagnosis of diseases and health monitoring.
“What's going on?” Racism, COVID‐19, and centering the voices of Black youth
Authors: Butler‐Barnes Sheretta T. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study examined the impact of COVID‐19 stress and experiences of racism on COVID‐19 adaptability and activism among Black youth. The protective role of perceived peer and adult social support were examined. Data were analyzed from 123 Black youth (Mage = 15.44, 63% girls) from a school district in the Midwest. The findings revealed that more social support from adults increased Black youth adaptability (e.g., “ability to think through possible options to assist in the COVID‐19 pandemic”). Perceived lower social support from adults predicted higher engagement in high‐risk activism, and higher levels of peer social support were associated with higher levels of high‐risk activism. Further, Black youth reporting higher levels of racism and adult social support were more likely to report higher levels of COVID‐19 adaptability. Black youth reporting higher racism and peer social support engaged in high‐risk activism. Black youth who reported high levels of racism and low perceived adult social support reported higher engagement in high‐risk activism. Research and practice implications that support Black youth during the COVID‐19 pandemic and the impact of racism and COVID‐19 stress on well‐being and activism are discussed.
A Genome‐Wide Association Study Meta‐Analysis of Alpha Angle Suggests Cam‐Type Morphology May Be a Specific Feature of Hip Osteoarthritis in Older Adults
Authors: Faber Benjamin G. , Frysz Monika , Hartley April E. , Ebsim Raja , Boer Cindy G. , Saunders Fiona R. , Gregory Jennifer S. , Aspden Richard M. , Harvey Nicholas C. , Southam Lorraine , Giles William , Le Maitre Christine L. , Wilkinson J. Mark , van Meurs Joyce B. J. , Zeggini Eleftheria , Cootes Timothy , Lindner Claudia , Kemp John P. , Davey Smith George , Tobias Jonathan H. 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveTo examine the genetic architecture of cam morphology using alpha angle (AA) as a proxy measure and conduct an AA genome‐wide association study (GWAS) followed by Mendelian randomization (MR) to evaluate its causal relationship with hip osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsObservational analyses examined associations between AA measurements derived from hip dual x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans from the UK Biobank study and radiographic hip OA outcomes and subsequent total hip replacement. Following these analyses, an AA GWAS meta‐analysis was performed (N = 44,214) using AA measurements previously derived in the Rotterdam Study. Linkage disequilibrium score regression assessed the genetic correlation between AA and hip OA. Genetic associations considered significant (P < 5 × 10−8) were used as AA genetic instrument for 2‐sample MR analysis.ResultsDXA‐derived AA showed expected associations between AA and radiographic hip OA (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.63 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.58, 1.67]) and between AA and total hip replacement (adjusted hazard ratio 1.45 [95% CI 1.33, 1.59]) in the UK Biobank study cohort. The heritability of AA was 10%, and AA had a moderate genetic correlation with hip OA (rg = 0.26 [95% CI 0.10, 0.43]). Eight independent genetic signals were associated with AA. Two‐sample MR provided weak evidence of causal effects of AA on hip OA risk (inverse variance weighted OR 1.84 [95% CI 1.14, 2.96], P = 0.01). In contrast, genetic predisposition for hip OA had stronger evidence of a causal effect on increased AA (inverse variance weighted β = 0.09 [95% CI 0.04, 0.13], P = 4.58 × 10−5).ConclusionExpected observational associations between AA and related clinical outcomes provided face validity for the DXA‐derived AA measurements. Evidence of bidirectional associations between AA and hip OA, particularly for risk of hip OA on AA, suggests that hip shape modeling secondary to a genetic predisposition to hip OA contributes to the well‐established relationship between hip OA and cam morphology in older adults.
Estimation of scopoletin from a polyherbal formulation composition using HPLC coupled with fluorescence detector through the concept of Design of Experiment
Authors: Khushali Khamar , Bansi Gadhiya , Samir Patel , Manan Raval 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHigh‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with a fluorescence detector was used to analyse bioactive phytoconstituent scopoletin from a polyherbal composition derived from the extract prepared from roots of Argyreia nervosa, roots of Withania somnifera, and fruits of Tribulus terrestris. This analytical method was developed as a quality control tool for standardization of the composition to be formulated to enhance spermatogenesis. Chromatographic separation was achieved using Luna® (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 100 Å, 5 μm) C18 column as a stationary phase, and water (0.01 M glacial acetic acid):methanol: acetonitrile (60:20:20, %v/v/v) as the mobile phase; passed through the column at a set flow rate of 1.0 ml min−1. The elute in the flow cell was excited at 345 nm and the chromatogram was recorded at 444 nm as the emission wavelength. As a part of the analytical Quality by Design approach, systemic studies were conducted to identify potential risks affecting the critical attributes (area, resolution, retention time) of the analytical method, and mitigating the potential risks after optimizing the chromatographic parameters with the help of the Design of Experiment approach. The developed analytical method was subjected to the validation studies, which showed a linear relationship (r2 = 0.9982) between the concentration and the area corresponding to scopoletin peak in the concentration range 10–130 ng ml−1. The method was found selective, sensitive, and precise. The recovery of the scopoletin was found in a range 99.53–102.13%; confirming the accuracy of the analytical method. The amount of scopoletin was estimated to be 0.146%w/w from the polyherbal composition.
Heterogeneous α‐Diimine Nickel Catalysts with Improved Catalytic Performance in Ethylene Polymerization
Authors: Ma Zhanshan , Xu Mengli , Zhu Ningning , Tan Chen , Chen Changle 
Published: January 2023

Comprehensive SummaryHeterogenization can improve the thermal tolerance of olefin polymerization catalysts and result in good product morphology control, which are two important parameters for industrial polyethylene production. In this work, α‐diimine nickel catalysts bearing –OH or –ONa anchoring groups were designed and prepared. The anchoring groups can enable facile heterogenization of the catalysts on silica. The heterogeneous catalysts demonstrated enhanced thermal stabilities, along with high catalytic activity at 120 °C (up to 5.5 × 106 g·PE·mol·Ni–1·h–1). Furthermore, the heterogenization process results in the improvements of many other parameters, including polymer morphology control, catalytic activity (up to 1.9 × 107 g·PE·mol·Ni–1·h–1) and polyethylene molecular weight (Mn up to 2.3 × 106 g·mol–1). More importantly, the structure and properties of the polymer products can be controlled by catalyst structures, polymerization conditions and heterogenization to achieve good mechanical properties and elasticity.
Tuning Molecular Electron Affinities against Atomic Electronegativities by Spatial Expansion of a π‐System
Authors: Chulanova Elena A. , Radiush Ekaterina A. , Semenov Nikolay A. , Hupf Emanuel , Irtegova Irina G. , Kosenkova Yulia S. , Bagryanskaya Irina Yu. , Shundrin Leonid A. , Beckmann Jens , Zibarev Andrey V. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract2,1,3‐Benzochalcogenadiazoles C6R4N2E (E/R; E=S, Se, Te; R=H, F, Cl, Br, I) and C6H2R2N2E (E/R’; E=S, Se, Te; R=Br, I) are 10π‐electron hetarenes. By CV/EPR measurements, DFT calculations, and QTAIM and ELI‐D analyses, it is shown that their molecular electron affinities (EAs) increase with decreasing Allen electronegativities and electron affinities of the E and non‐hydrogen R (except Cl) atoms. DFT calculations for E/R+e⋅−→[E/R]⋅− electron capture reveal negative ΔG values numerically increasing with increasing atomic numbers of the E and R atoms; positive ΔS has a minor influence. It is suggested that the EA increase is caused by more effective charge/spin delocalization in the radical anions of heavier derivatives due to contributions from diffuse (a real‐space expanded) p‐AOs of the heavier E and R atoms; and that this counterintuitive effect might be of the general character.
Determination of optimum planting density of very small potato minitubers and appropriate pot size for maximizing seed tuber production in screenhouse conditions
Authors: Abitew Wubante Negash , Kakuhenzire Rogers , Enyew Melkamu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTissue culture, aeroponics, and hydroponics have improved the production of first‐generation potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) minitubers in Ethiopia. However, some minitubers may be very small (<5 g) and would probably fail to survive in open‐field conditions. Thus, they are usually replanted in screenhouses in pots as single tubers/hills. The impact of pot size and number of minitubers that can be feasibly planted per pot to obtain optimal yield with little impact on progeny tuber size require investigation to optimize indoor seed potato production. Consequently, a screenhouse experiment was conducted at Adet Agricultural Research Center, Amhara, Ethiopia, between 2020 and 2021 to investigate the effect of seed density and different pot sizes on a number of tubers harvested per pot, per planted minituber, and average tuber weight (g). Experimental treatment factors were potato variety at two levels, pot size at three levels, and seed density at five levels. Five replications per treatment combination, each with four pots, were used. Analysis of variance, with seed density up to cubic component as single‐degree polynomial contrast, showed that the assessed variables were not significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by potato variety. All two‐ and three‐way factor interactions except pot size by seed density for the number of tubers harvested per planted minituber were not significant (P ≤ 0.05). Pot size significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected the number of tubers harvested per pot and per planted minituber but not the average tuber weight. All the assessed variables were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by seed density. The number of tubers harvested per pot increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) with increasing pot size and seed density. Polynomial regression showed that linear and quadratic components of seed density as a predictor of the assessed variables were significant (P ≤ 0.05); however, its polynomial components did not significantly (P ≤ 0.05) interact with main treatment factors. The estimated optimum seed density from the derivatives of the polynomial functions was five tubers per pot. The predicted minimum average tuber weight was 18.5 g, which is appreciably high for good open‐field minituber survival. Meanwhile, the 10‐L pot produced significantly (P ≤ 0.05) more minitubers than other pot sizes; however, it had the lowest production efficiency per unit area of screenhouse and per kilogram of culture substrate. Thus, 2‐ and 6‐L pots, each planted with five minitubers, irrespective of the potato variety are recommended to maximize productivity of minitubers and screenhouse space with little or no impact on progeny tuber size.
Identification of the key morphological sweetpotato weevil resistance predictors in Ugandan sweetpotato genotypes using correlation and path‐coefficient analysis
Authors: Osaru Florence , Karungi Jeninah , Odama Roy , Chelangat Doreen Murenju , Musana Paul , Otema Milton Anyanga , Oloka Bonny , Gibson Paul , Edema Richard , Ssali Reuben Tendo , Yencho George Craig , Yada Benard 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSweetpotato weevils (SPWs) can cause up to 100% yield losses in sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas). Nevertheless, there has been limited success in breeding for SPW resistance globally. This is attributed partly to difficulty in screening for resistance because resistance to the SPW is complex and is mediated by several resistance indicators. Measuring all these resistance indicators is costly and time consuming. To enhance efficiency in selection for SPW resistance, there is need to profile and identify key resistance indicators. Potentially, this will better enable breeders to timely and precisely select for SPW resistance. The objective of this study was to identify the most efficient morphological resistance indicators against SPW. Thirty sweetpotato genotypes that varied in resistance to SPW comprising local collections, released varieties, and breeding lines were evaluated at three locations for two seasons in Uganda using an alpha lattice design. Data were collected on storage root yield, SPW root and stem damage, and weevil resistance indicators such as vine vigor (VV), ground cover (GC), vine weight (VW), storage root neck length (NL), latex content, cortex thickness (CT), and dry matter content (DM). Genotype means for all measured traits varied significantly except for CT. Negative relationships were observed between SPW root damage and GC, VW, CT, VV, NL, and DM. However, path coefficient analysis showed storage root NL (direct effect of −0.43, p < 0.001) as the most important morphological resistance indicator. Therefore, NL could be the most reliable predictor of resistance to SPW among breeding clones, especially at early breeding stages.
Limit‐cycle‐oscillation in DC bus system and its death through heterogeneous coupling
Authors: Subudhi Sanjeet Kumar , Maity Somnath , El Aroudi Abdelali 
Published: January 2023

AbstractStability of a complex DC bus system (DBS) is a significant design consideration because of its constant power load (CPL) characteristics of the tightly‐regulated load converter. In this paper, the dynamic properties of a stand‐alone buck‐type DBS are investigated based upon the closed‐form large‐signal‐averaged model. The stability‐analysis‐in‐large around the operation point shows that CPLs create a destabilizing effect on the system that can lead to severe voltage oscillation caused by discontinuity‐induced Hopf bifurcations, which are qualitatively different from the bifurcations we know for smooth dynamical systems. Instead, this paper also explores the application of “amplitude death (AD) technique” to stabilize the coupled oscillatory DBSs and show that how this technique with its necessary modifications, for example, the heterogeneity‐induced AD technique characterized by two or more coupled DBSs with mismatched frequency of oscillations can provide an efficient open‐loop control solution for stabilizing the coupled DBSs. Finally, simulations and experimental results are provided to validate all these concepts.
Different transpiration and growth patterns of the black locust plantation and natural oak forest on China's Loess Plateau
Authors: Lyu Jinlin , Li Guoqing , Otsuki Kyoichi , Yamanaka Norikazu , Wang Yuchao , Yue Ming , Du Sheng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRestoration of natural secondary forests and afforestation of introduced tree species are major effective measures for revegetation. The semiarid Loess Plateau region, characterised by fragile ecosystems and severe soil erosion, is a key area for ecological restoration and protection in China. To illustrate water use characteristics and adaptation to drought in the main forests in this area, we monitored the xylem sap flow of two typical adjacent forest communities with similar climatic characters, a secondary natural forest dominated by oak (Quercus liaotungensis) and a pure plantation of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), during 2011–2019 using Granier‐type thermal dissipation probes. Solar radiation (RS), air temperature, relative humidity (RH), precipitation and soil water content (SWC) were measured simultaneously. Throughout the whole study period, the mean diameter at breast height (DBH) and total sapwood area increased by 4.5 cm and 1.10 m2 ha−1, respectively in the oak forest and by 1.0 cm and 0.22 m2 ha−1, respectively in the black locust plantation. The monthly stand transpiration was jointly determined by phenological and meteorological factors. At the annual timescale, transpiration of the oak stand was significantly correlated with potential reference evapotranspiration (ET0) and rainfall in the previous year, whereas a significant positive relationship was detected between stand transpiration and SWC in the black locust stand. The analyses of differences between dry and wet years showed that the oak forest exhibited significantly different parameters in the regression analysis of stand transpiration to vapour pressure deficit (VPD), whereas only one parameter was clearly distinct in the black locust plantation, suggesting that its transpiration status did not fully recover even in wet years. The management of black locust plantations with weakened growth conditions should be adjusted under prolonged drought conditions. In contrast, oak forest can maintain the water balance and stable growth by efficiently controlling stomatal behaviour.
A two‐sex integrated population model reveals intersexual differences in life history strategies in Cooper's hawks
Authors: Millsap Brian A. , Gedir Jay V. , Abadi Fitsum , Gould Matthew J. , Madden Kristin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntegrated population models (IPMs) combine population counts with demographic data to improve the precision of estimates of population size and demographic rates. IPMs can also provide information on demographic parameters for which data are lacking (e.g., immigration) if other sufficient information is available. IPMs often use demographic data from one sex, usually females, implicitly assuming the chosen sex adequately represents the species' life history; for highly size‐dimorphic raptors, that assumption may not hold true. We developed a two‐sex IPM for a New Mexico population of the highly size‐dimorphic Cooper's hawk (Accipiter cooperii) from 2011 to 2020 and compared estimates of life history characteristics between sexes. Because we had data to directly estimate sex‐ and age‐specific probabilities of breeding, fecundity, survival, brood sex ratios, and emigration rates, we could indirectly estimate age‐specific immigration rates for both sexes. Our two‐sex IPM revealed that population growth was most strongly associated with increased immigration and decreased first‐year (FY) emigration in females and with after‐first‐year (AFY) survival in males. Most males that were recruited as new breeders in our study area were AFY residents, whereas most female recruits were AFY immigrants. All females that fledged in our study area and survived until their first breeding season bred in their first year, whereas only 3% of surviving FY males bred. We found evidence of density dependence in the survival of AFY males (r = −0.11, 95% credible interval = −0.36 to −0.03) and in AFY female immigration (r = −0.17, 95% credible interval = −0.27 to −0.12). Our findings reveal that male and female Cooper's hawks differ in their response to population density, and in how they contribute to population growth. Thus, sexual differences in vital rates can be an important consideration in raptor population models.