bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural fatigue by passive induction: repeated stimulus exposure results in cognitive fatigue and altered representations in task-relevant networks
Authors: Ioannucci Stefano , Chirokoff Valentine , Dilharreguy Bixente , Ozenne Valéry , Chanraud Sandra , Zénon Alexandre 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCognitive fatigue is defined by a reduced capacity to perform mental tasks. Despite its pervasiveness, the underlying neural mechanisms remain elusive. Specifically, it is unclear whether prolonged effort affects performance through alterations in over-worked task-relevant neuronal assemblies. Our paradigm based on repeated passive visual stimulation discerns fatigue effects from the influence of motivation, skill and boredom. We induced performance loss and observed parallel alterations in the neural blueprint of the task, by mirroring behavioral performance with multivariate neuroimaging techniques (MVPA) that afford a subject-specific approach. Crucially, functional areas that responded the most to repeated stimulation were also the most affected. Finally, univariate analysis revealed clusters displaying significant disruption within the extrastriate visual cortex. In sum, here we show that repeated stimulation impacts the implicated brain areas’ activity and causes tangible behavioral repercussions, providing evidence that cognitive fatigue can result from local, functional, disruptions in the neural signal induced by protracted recruitment.
Confined environments induce polarized paraspeckle condensates
Authors: Todorovski Vanja , McCluggage Finn , Li Yixuan , Meid Annika , Spatz Joachim P. , Holle Andrew W. , Fox Archa H. , Choi Yu Suk 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCancer cells experience confinement as they navigate the tumour microenvironment during metastasis. Recent studies have revealed that the nucleus can function as a ‘ruler’ for measuring physical confinement via membrane tension, allowing for compression-sensitive changes in migration. Cell nuclei contain many nuclear bodies that form when their components phase separate and condense within permissive local regions within the nucleus. However, how sub-nuclear organisation and phase separation changes with cell confinement and compression is largely unknown. Here we focus on paraspeckles, stress-responsive subnuclear bodies that form by phase separation around the long non-coding RNA NEAT1. As cells entered moderate confinement, a significant increase in paraspeckle number and size was observed compared to unconfined cells. Paraspeckle polarization bias towards the leading edge was also observed in confinement, correlating with regions of euchromatin. Increasing paraspeckle abundance resulted in increases in confined migration likelihood, speed, and directionality, as well as an enhancement of paraspeckle polarization towards the leading edge. This polarization of paraspeckle condensates may play a key role in regulating confined migration and invasion in cancer cells, and illustrates the utility of microchannel-based assays for identifying phenomena not observed on 2D or 3D bulk substrates.
Natural Product Biosynthesis
Authors: Walsh Christopher T , Tang Yi 
Published: February 2023

Authored by leading experts in the enzymology of natural product biosynthesis, this completely revised and updated edition provides a description of the types of natural products, the biosynthetic pathways that enable the production of these molecules, and an update on the discovery of novel products in the post-genomic era. Although some 500 000 – 600 000 natural products have been isolated and characterized over the past two centuries, there may be a 10-fold greater inventory awaiting immediate exploration based on biosynthetic gene cluster predictions. The approach of this book is to codify the chemical logic that underlies each natural product structural class as they are assembled from building blocks of primary metabolism.
This second edition integrates many new findings into the sets of principles of the first edition that parsed categories of natural product chemistries into the underlying enzymatic mechanisms and the catalytic machinery for building the varied and complex end product metabolites. New chapters include evaluation of a core set of thermodynamically activated but kinetically stable metabolites that power both primary and secondary metabolic pathways. Also, after decades of uncertainty about the existence of various pericyclase classes, a series of genome mining, heterologous expression, and enzymatic activity characterization have validated a plethora of pericyclases over the past decade. The several types of pericyclases are involved in biosynthetic complexity generation of almost every major category of natural products.
This text will serve as a reference point for chemists of every subdiscipline, including synthetic organic chemists and medicinal chemists. It will also be valuable to bioinformatic and computational biologists, pharmacognocists and chemical ecologists, and bioengineers and synthetic biologists.
Research progress on the role of extracellular vesicles derived from aging cells in osteoporosis
Authors: Chen Huan , Huang Guowei , Mao Wei , He Peiliang , Hou Guodong , Zhang Wencong , Liu Zhiyi , Li Aiguo , Qin Shengnan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The occurrence and development of many diseases are highly associated with the aging of the body. Among them, osteoporosis (OP) is a common age-related disease that tends to occur in the elderly population and is highly related to the aging factors in the body. In the process of aging transmission, the senescence-related secretory phenotype (SASP) can convey the information about aging through the paracrine pathway and endocrine mechanism through the extracellular vesicles (EVs) connected to SASP. EVs can be used as a way of conduction to join the connection between micro-environmental aging and age-related illnesses. EVs are double-layer membranous vesicles separated or secreted from the cell membrane, which mainly include microvesicles (MVs) and exosomes. Vesicular bodies secreted by this exocrine form carry a variety of cell-derived related substances (including a variety of proteins, lipids, DNA, mRNA, miRNAs, etc). These substances are mainly concentrated in human body fluids, especially can be transported to all parts of the body with the blood circulation system, and participate in the interactions between cells. Osteoporosis is closely associated with aging and aging cells, suggesting EVs were active in this pathological process. In this article, the basic mechanisms of aging cells in the occurrence and progression of osteoporosis through EVs will be discussed, to explore the connection between aging and osteoporosis, thereby providing a new perspective on the occurrence and development as well as prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
Spatiotemporal path inference model for urban rail transit passengers based on travel time data
Authors: Luo Qin , Lin Bin , Lyu Yitong , He Yuxin , Zhang Xiaochun , Zhang Zhiqing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlthough the ‘one ticket transfer’ mode brings convenience to passengers, it also poses challenges to the passenger flow assignment. The current widely used multi‐path probability assignment model based on traffic cost realizes the passenger flow distribution from the macro‐perspective but lacks the consideration of passenger attributes and the time‐varying characteristics of passenger travel time. Here, a novel spatiotemporal path inference model is proposed for Urban Rail Transit (URT) passengers based on the travel time data and train operation information. In this study, the impact of passengers detained at the platform on passenger travel itinerary is considered by characterizing the passenger detention rate. The proposed method realizes the reverse inference of passenger path from the micro‐perspective, and can accurately describe the specific travel process of each passenger. Moreover, the real‐world data of Shenzhen Metro in China is taken to verify the rationality of the proposed model. The results show that the model is in good agreement with the existing clearance model and can accurately infer the passenger travel itinerary from the micro‐perspective. The proposed method provides a more refined solution for the spatial‐temporal assignment of URT passenger flow.
Maximum current injection method for grid‐forming inverters in an islanded microgrid subject to short circuits
Authors: Miret Jaume , Castilla Miguel , Velasco Manel , Guzmán Ramón , de Vicuña Luis García 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn islanded microgrids, when a short circuit or a sudden overload occurs, it provokes an abrupt increment in the currents supplied by the generation nodes, which feed the load collaboratively. This is particularly challenging for inverter‐based nodes, due to its reduced power capacity. This work takes advantage of the droop‐method basic configuration to propose an additional closed‐loop control, which ensures maximum current injection during any kind of short circuit maintaining the underlying droop control. Ensuring that any node injects its maximum rated current during the short circuit, it emulates the most common low‐voltage ride‐through protocols for grid‐feeding sources oriented to support the grid and, in this way, the voltage unbalance is reduced. To develop the control proposal, a model of the faulted system is presented in order to evaluate the stability of the closed‐loop system. A general modelling methodology is introduced in order to derive the control for any microgrid configuration. Finally, selected experimental results are reported in order to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control.
First polar observations of the fast solar wind with the Metis – Solar Orbiter coronagraph: Role of 2D turbulence energy dissipation in the wind acceleration
Authors: Telloni D. , Antonucci E. , Adhikari L. , Zank G. P. , Giordano S. , Vai M. , Zhao L.-L. , Andretta V. , Burtovoi A. , Capuano G. E. , Da Deppo V. , De Leo Y. , Fineschi S. , Grimani C. , Heinzel P. , Jerse G. , Landini F. , Liberatore A. , Moses J. D. , Naletto G. , Nicolini G. , Pancrazzi M. , Romoli M. , Russano G. , Sasso C. , Slemer A. , Spadaro D. , Stangalini M. , Susino R. , Teriaca L. , Uslenghi M. , Sorriso-Valvo L. , Marino R. , Perrone D. , D’Amicis R. , Bruno R. 
Published: February 2023

Context.The fast solar wind is known to emanate from polar coronal holes.Aims.This Letter reports the first estimate of the expansion rate of polar coronal flows performed by the Metis coronagraph on board Solar Orbiter.Methods.By exploiting simultaneous measurements in polarized white light and ultraviolet intensity of the neutral hydrogen Lyman-αline, it was possible to extend observations of the outflow velocity of the main component of the solar wind from polar coronal holes out to 5.5 R⊙, the limit of diagnostic applicability and observational capabilities.Results.We complement the results obtained with analogous polar observations performed with the UltraViolet Coronagraph Spectrometer on board the SOlar and Heliospheric Observatory during the previous full solar activity cycle, and find them to be satisfactorily reproduced by a magnetohydrodynamic turbulence model.Conclusions.This suggests that the dissipation of 2D turbulence energy is a viable mechanism for coronal plasma heating and the subsequent acceleration of the fast solar wind.
Muster von problematischem Kaufverhalten unter Studierenden und deren
Unterschiede in Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen, materieller Werteorientierung,
psychischer Belastung und Produktpräferenz
Authors: Oppong Luisa , Franke Gabriele Helga , Jagla-Franke Melanie 
Published: February 2023

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie ist, zu einem differenzierten Verständnis von
Kaufsucht beizutragen, indem untersucht wird, inwieweit problematisches
Kaufverhalten als mehrdimensionales Konstrukt zu verstehen ist. Um
Fachkräfte in Prävention und Unterstützung von
Betroffenen zu sensibilisieren, werden verschiedene Personengruppen mit
problematischem Kaufverhalten voneinander abgegrenzt.
Methodik Es wurden N=258 Studierende zu Kaufverhalten und
Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen, materieller Werteorientierung, psychischer
Belastung sowie Produktpräferenzen befragt. Die Dimensionalität
des problematischen Kaufverhaltens wurde faktorenanalytisch geprüft und
bildet die Grundlage für nachgeschaltete Cluster- und Diskriminanz-
sowie Varianzanalysen zur Differenzierung verschiedener Personengruppen mit
problematischem Kaufverhalten.
Ergebnisse Problematisches Kaufverhalten setzt sich aus fehlender
Bedarfsorientierung, impulsiv-reaktivem Verhalten und
selbstregulatorisch-reflektierter Tendenz zusammen. Es zeigten sich die zwei
Subtypen Status- sowie Selbstregulationskonsumierende, die sich im
Ausmaß ihrer Somatisierung unterscheiden. Auffällig
Konsumierende hatten im Vergleich zu Personen mit unauffälligem
Kaufverhalten eine höhere materielle Werteorientierung und einen
höheren Neurotizismuswert. Verglichen mit gewöhnlichen
Konsumierenden waren Selbstregulationskonsumierende weniger offen und
verträglich, stärker psychisch belastet und hatten mehr
Produktpräferenzen.
Schlussfolgerung Problematisches Kaufverhalten sollte zukünftig in
Bezug auf fehlende Bedarfsorientierung, impulsiv-reaktives Verhalten und
selbstregulatorisch-reflektierte Tendenz differenzierter klassifiziert und
diagnostiziert werden. Neurotizismus, materielle Werteorientierung sowie
zugrundeliegende Kaufmotive, wie die Aufwertung von Status und Identität
oder die Regulation von aversiven Emotionen, könnten eine bedeutende
Rolle in Prävention und Behandlung von problematischem Kaufverhalten
spielen.
An equity and environmental justice assessment of anti-science actions during the Trump administration
Authors: Desikan Anita , MacKinney Taryn , Kalman Casey , Carter Jacob M. , Reed Genna , Goldman Gretchen T. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the United States, science shapes federal health and safety protections, but political officials can and do politicize federal science and science-based safeguards. Many presidential administrations have politicized science, but under the administration of President Trump, these attacks on science—such as buried research, censored scientists, halted data collection—increased in number to unprecedented levels. Underserved communities bore the brunt of the harms. Such attacks disproportionately harm Black, Indigenous, low-income communities, and communities of color, all of whom have long been burdened by pollution exposure and other stressors. We analyze the effects on underserved communities of the Trump administration’s anti-science environmental and public health policy actions and offer policy recommendations for current and future administrations. Our goal is to strengthen scientific integrity, prioritize health disparity research, and meaningfully engage affected communities in federal rulemaking.
Global solutions to the 3D compressible Navier–Stokes equations with a class of special initial data
Authors: Yu Yanghai , Wang Hui , Li Jinlu , Yang Xiaolei 
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we consider the Cauchy problem of tri-dimensional compressible Navier–Stokes equations and construct global smooth solutions by choosing a class of new special initial velocity and density whose Ḃ2,∞−s-norm can be arbitrarily large and improve the previous result in Li et al. [J. Math. Fluid Mech. 24, 22 (2022)]. Our main idea is splitting the linearized equations from the compressible Navier–Stokes equations and exploring the damping effect of the linearized system.
Sub-pT oscillatory magnetometric system using magnetoresistive sensor array for a low-field magnetic particle imaging
Authors: Trisnanto Suko Bagus , Kasajima Tamon , Akushichi Taiju , Takemura Yasushi 
Published: February 2023

Implementing low ac excitation fields toward clinical magnetic particle imaging (MPI) system is critical to avoid magnetostimulation effects. However, low-field MPI scenario demands high sensitivity to probe the change in monotone magnetization response of magnetic nanoparticles. Here, we use an array of ultrasensitive MR sensors to detect sub-pT magnetic signal and obtain its spatial distribution. While each sensor is operated at 5 V, signal processing circuit rises its sensitivity to 20 mV pT−1 at 10 kHz with 0.25 pT noise level. In evaluating sensor performance, we initially measured a 10-kHz magnetic field from a 40-turns coil with 1 mm in diameter. MR sensor recognizes magnetic signal of mini coil to be linear with the coil input current. We then recorded the signals simultaneously from a 6 × 6 sensor channels to map the fields at 0.2 kHz. While placing mini coil 50 mm apart from the array, we obtained high-contrast field image showing coil position and its change in field polarity. For practical nanoparticle detection, we later used a 3 × 3 array configuration for the 10 kHz oscillatory magnetometry while compensating the MR sensor magnetically from the ac excitation field. Despite a 20-pT noise floor associated with the field compensation circuit, we were able to map stray fields of a 37-mgFe iron oxide nanoparticle sample distanced 100 mm from the array, under 12.4 µT/μ0 field amplitude. This result highlights usability of MR sensor array for low-field MPI system.
Synthesis, crystal structure, and magnetic properties of CoMoFeAl and related compounds
Authors: Baker Gavin , Wysong Jax , Valloppilly Shah , Shand Paul , Lukashev Pavel , Kharel Parashu 
Published: February 2023

We have carried out joint theoretical and experimental investigations of three Heusler compounds CoMoFeAl, CoMo0.5Fe1.5Al, and Co1.5Mo0.5FeAl. Our first-principle calculations show that all three compounds show either ferro- or ferrimagnetic order with CoMoFeAl and CoMo0.5Fe1.5Al exhibiting high spin polarization of almost 80%. The investigated samples were prepared using arc melting and high vacuum annealing. All the samples show cubic crystal structure with disorder. The parent compound CoMoFeAl shows a small saturation magnetization of 12 emu/g, and a Curie temperature of 440 K. The other two compounds, namely, Co1.5Mo0.5FeAl and CoMo0.5Fe1.5Al, show much higher saturation magnetizations of 62 emu/g and 59 emu/g, and substantially higher Curie temperatures of 950 K and 780 K, respectively.
Hierarchical cache configuration based on hybrid SOT- and STT-MRAM
Authors: Han Shaopu , Wang Qiguang , Jiang Yanfeng 
Published: February 2023

With the rapid growth of big data information and the continuous iteration progress of CPU architecture, the implementation of a new memory-based cache architecture is urgent and challenging. In the paper, a CPU cache architecture system based on MRAM is built. Firstly, the performance of SRAM, STT-MRAM and SOT-MRAM as caches from 8 kb to 32 Mb is evaluated. Secondly, by summarizing the performance of SRAM and MRAM in different cache levels, a new quad-core CPU cache architecture design scheme with SOT-MRAM as the first level of cache and STT-MRAM as the second level of cache is determined. Thirdly, the built cache system is simulated. A non-inclusive strategy is proposed to replace the inclusive strategy in order to solve the problem of high dynamic energy of STT-MRAM at the second level. The idea of having a quad-core CPU dynamically share the second-level cache is proposed in the paper. Finally, the caching system in the paper is compared with the other previous works, showing up to 60.78% energy consumption advantage and 33.22% leakage power advantage. The proposed MRAM-based CPU cache system and the corresponding cache strategy have potential application with the benefits of low power and less area.
Transport and electron spin resonance studies in Mo-doped LaMnO3
Authors: Lee Yong Heng , Mahendiran Ramanathan 
Published: February 2023

We report the magnetic, electrical, thermoelectric, and magnetic resonance properties of the Mn-site doped manganite LaMn0.94Mo0.06O3. This sample undergoes an insulator-metal transition around 235 K, near the ferromagnetic Curie temperature (TC = 237 K) in zero external magnetic field. On the other hand, thermopower exhibits a maximum at TS = 258 K, which is 23 K higher than TC. This discrepancy is attributed to nucleation of ferromagnetic clusters (Griffiths phase) above TC, which is supported by the deviation of inverse susceptibility from Curie-Weiss from linear behavior below 270 K and non-linear field dependence of magnetization. The magnetic resonance spectra shows both paramagnetic and ferromagnetic resonance signals between 240 and 260 K. It is suggested that the ferromagnetic clusters enlarge in size with lowering temperature and percolate leading to long-range ferromagnetism and metallicity.
Annealing process of Co-Fe-B based multilayers showing skyrmion Brownian motion
Authors: Goto Minori , Ishikawa Ryo , Nomura Hikaru , Suzuki Yoshishige 
Published: February 2023

Skyrmions are topological spin textures that exhibit Brownian motion in solids. They have attracted increasing research interest in terms of realizing a device that utilizing stochastic behavior and investigating new physical phenomena. However, skyrmions that exhibit Brownian motion are sensitive to changes in magnetic properties and are easily affected by aging variation. For instance, although skyrmions appear in a sample immediately after fabrication, they sometimes disappear after few weeks. This characteristic prevents the reproducibility experiment and affects device stability. In this study, we demonstrated that aging variation can be suppressed by annealing in air for only 3 min, which is an easy and rapid method. We investigated the change in the magnetic properties by annealing and air exposure and found that the main mechanism of aging variation is oxidation of the sample surface. The magnetic properties of samples with Pt and thick SiO2 capping were analyzed, and we demonstrated that aging variation can be suppressed by avoiding surface oxidation. Our work accelerates the research of fundamental physics regarding skyrmion Brownian motion and of device applications utilizing stochastic system.
Superconducting fluctuation effect on epitaxially layered films of superconductor NbN and half-metallic Heusler alloy Co2MnSi
Authors: Shigeta Iduru , Oku Shuta , Kubota Takahide , Kimura Shojiro , Seki Takeshi , Shinozaki Bunju , Awaji Satoshi , Takanashi Koki , Hiroi Masahiko 
Published: February 2023

Superconducting properties were investigated in epitaxially layered films consisting of superconductor NbN and half-metallic Heusler alloy Co2MnSi (CMS). Temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity ρ(T) was measured by applying perpendicular magnetic fields to the surface of NbN/CMS films. With the increase of the CMS thickness dCMS, the upper critical field μ0Hc2 decreased monotonically, but the superconducting transition temperature Tc had the minimum of 10.1 K at dCMS ≈ 5 nm. The Tc behavior was in qualitative agreement with the theory of the π-coupling. The pair-breaking parameter δ determined by the superconducting fluctuation theory took the maximum at dCMS = 3 ∼ 5 nm, which would be related to the minimum of Tc. The experimental results reveal that the superconductivity of the NbN layer in NbN/CMS films is affected by the interplay between the superconducting NbN layer and the half-metallic CMS layer.