bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scaling in urban building energy use and its influencing factors
Authors: Wang Chunyan , Jiang Hanying , Wu Hao , Liu Yi , Guo Siyue , Xu Ming 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSeveral studies have reported scaling relationships for energy consumption with respect to city size and other indicators. However, such scaling relationships have rarely been reported at the suburban level. This study explored the scaling relationships between energy use (EU) and building size (gross floor area [GFA]) at the building level in 16 urban regions in the United States from 2011 to 2019. We found that the scaling exponents of most of the examined regions changed from either super‐linear or sub‐linear to linear (β = 1) over the years. The scaling exponents of some cities (e.g., New York City) fluctuated around 1. These scaling exponents are negatively correlated with regional climate. This study reports that the scaling relationships between energy consumption and GFA at the building level in heterogeneous cities are evolving toward linear scaling. This study also found that different building types and building energy structures significantly impact building energy consumption. Hotels in New York City had the highest scaling exponent (β = 1.02), and strong correlations were observed between the scaling exponents and the share of electricity in building EU. These insights reveal the common nature of the relationships between building EU and GFA and the intersections between scaling exponents and building attributes. Our study highlights the importance of energy efficiency management in hotels and electricity‐dominated buildings.
The effect of consumption and production policies on circular economy business models: A machine learning approach
Authors: Arranz Carlos F. A. , Kwong Caleb , Sena Vania 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe circular economy (CE) is attracting increasing interest, as it can bring environmental, social, and economic benefits. However, policymakers and scholars appear to concentrate more on the production side of CE, while consumption, and particularly policies that affect consumption have received less attention and their effect is ambiguous. This paper investigates the effect of CE consumption policies on circular economy business models (CEBMs) in firms, but also examines the interplay this type of policies have with CE production policies to have a broader picture of the circular economy policy framework and the relevance of each type of policy on firms. While previous studies assume rational and passive consumer behavior, this paper borrows from a natural resource‐based view and stakeholder theory, arguing that consumers have a proactive attitude toward the consumption of environmentally friendly products. Moreover, we use institutional theory as an analytical framework for modeling the effects of a particular policy framework on the CEBM. Our analysis combines classical econometric methods with machine learning approaches, employing data from the EU. The results show that CE policies aimed at promoting consumption have a direct and positive effect on CEBMs. This paper also confirms that a wide portfolio of CE policies on production and consumption has a greater effect on the development of CEBMs, due to the complementarity of CE consumption and production policies. Moreover, we show that in interaction with CE production policies, CE policies on consumption have an even greater effect on CEBMs in firms than would have been anticipated.
Un estallido animal: Animalización y antropomorfización en el conflicto político chileno
Authors: Aguilera Isabel M. , Vera Antonieta , Ossandón Rosario Fernández 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article analyzes the political utility and potency of animal symbolism in human self‐representations, relationships and hierarchies during the social outburst of October 2019 in Chile. Based on personal files and secondary sources, we argue that animalization and anthropomorphization were strategies used by both sides of the conflict to produce an imaginary of each other, as well as racial and class content of their antagonism.
Muscle architectural properties indicate a primary role in support for the pelvic limb of three‐toed sloths (Bradypus variegatus)
Authors: Morgan D. M. , Spainhower K. B. , Mossor A. M. , Avey‐Arroyo J. A. , Butcher M. T. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTree sloths evolved below‐branch locomotion making them one of few mammalian taxa beyond primates for which suspension is nearly obligatory. Suspension requires strong limb flexor muscles that provide both propulsion and braking/support, and available locomotor kinetics data indicate that these roles differ between fore‐ and hindlimb pairs. Muscle structure in the pelvic limb is hypothesized to be a key anatomical correlate of function in braking/support during suspensory walking and propulsion and/or support during vertical climbing. This expectation was tested by quantifying architecture properties in the hindlimb limb musculature of brown‐throated three‐toed sloths (Bradypus variegatus: N = 7) to distinguish the roles of the flexor/extensor functional muscle groups at each joint. Measurements of muscle moment arm (rm), mass, belly length, fascicle length, pennation angle, and physiological cross‐sectional area (PCSA) were taken from n = 45 muscles. Overall, most muscles studied show properties for contractile excursion and fast joint rotational velocity. However, the flexor musculature is more massive (p = 0.048) and has larger PCSA (p = 0.003) than the extensors, especially at the knee joint and digits where well‐developed and strong flexors are capable of applying large joint torque. Moreover, selected hip flexors/extensors and knee flexors have modified long rm that can amplify applied joint torque in muscles with otherwise long, parallel fascicles, and one muscle (m. iliopsoas) was capable of moderately high power in B. variegatus. The architectural properties observed in the hip flexors and extensors match well with roles in suspensory braking and vertical propulsion, respectively, whereas strong knee flexors and digital flexors appear to be the main muscles providing suspensory support in the pelvic limb. With aid in support by the forelimbs and the use of adaptive slow locomotion and slow muscle fiber recruitment patterns, structure–function in the tensile limb systems of sloths appears to collectively represent an additional mechanism for energy conservation.
Normative change with gestation in fetal intraventricular pressure difference with color M‐mode Doppler echocardiography
Authors: Yamamoto Yuka , Takahashi Ken , Takamizu Ai , Ogawa Takahisa , Yoshida Koyo , Itakura Atsuo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimThe intraventricular pressure difference (IVPD) is the pressure difference in early diastole from the base to the apex of the ventricle. It is a useful marker for evaluating diastolic function because of its role as a suction force. This study investigated the changes in total and segmental IVPDs in normal fetuses throughout gestation to obtain normative data equations.MethodsOne hundred thirty‐seven healthy pregnant women at 12–40 weeks of gestation were prospectively enrolled to evaluate IVPD. The color M mode was performed, and the image was evaluated using our own code to calculate the IVPD. Segmental IVPD was divided into mid to apex and base. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to evaluate this relationship.ResultsThere was a significant, positive relationship between IVPD and gestational age in both ventricles (right ventricle [RV]: r = 0.800, left ventricle [LV]: r = 0.818). As for segmental IVPD, basal and mid‐apical IVPD also increased with gestation in both ventricles (RV: basal, r = 0.627; mid‐apical, r = 0.705; LV: basal r = 0.758; mid‐apical, r = 0.756). IVPG, which was calculated as IVPD/ventricular length, also showed a weak, positive relationship with gestation in both ventricles (RV r = 0.351, p < 0.001; LV r = 0.373, p < 0.001).ConclusionThe total and segmental IVPDs significantly increased linearly through time.
Spatial agglomeration or dispersion under Cournot‐Bertrand competition
Authors: Chen Hsiao‐Chi , Liu Shi‐Miin , Lin Sung‐Chi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis research explores the equilibria of a spatial model with consumers having finite reservation prices and two firms under Cournot‐Bertrand competition. We find three types of equilibria. For high effective reservation prices, a unique equilibrium exists with spatially agglomerating firms serving all consumers. For medium effective reservation prices, the intermediate‐location‐differentiation firms serve all consumers at equilibria. For low effective reservation prices, the firms act as two monopolists and do not serve all consumers at equilibria. The results herein and from previous studies together demonstrate that changing one of two Bertrand (Cournot) firms to Cournot‐type (Bertrand‐type) can make the minimum‐location‐differentiation equilibrium appear (disappear). Moreover, both firms' location distances at our intermediate‐location‐differentiation equilibria are always larger than those at the equilibria of firms' price competition.
26Al–26Mg chronology of high‐temperature condensate hibonite in a fine‐grained, Ca‐Al‐rich inclusion from reduced CV chondrite
Authors: Kawasaki Noriyuki , Yamamoto Daiki , Wada Sohei , Park Changkun , Kim Hwayoung , Sakamoto Naoya , Yurimoto Hisayoshi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAl–Mg mineral isochron studies using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) have revealed the initial 26Al/27Al ratios, (26Al/27Al)0, for individual Ca‐Al‐rich inclusions (CAIs) in meteorites. We find that the relative sensitivity factors of 27Al/24Mg ratio for SIMS analysis of hibonite, one of the major constituent minerals of CAIs, exhibit variations based on their chemical compositions. This underscores the critical need for using appropriate hibonite standards to obtain accurate Al−Mg data. We measured the Al−Mg mineral isochron for hibonite in a fine‐grained CAI (FGI) from the Northwest Africa 8613 reduced CV chondrite by SIMS using synthesized hibonite standards with 27Al/24Mg of ~30, ~100, and ~400. The obtained mineral isochron of hibonite in the FGI yields (26Al/27Al)0 of (4.73 ± 0.09) × 10−5, which is identical to that previously obtained from the mineral isochron of spinel and melilite in the same FGI (Kawasaki et al., 2020). The uncertainties of (26Al/27Al)0 indicate that the constituent minerals in the FGI formed within ~0.02 Myr in the earliest solar system. The disequilibrium O‐isotope distributions of the minerals in the FGI suggest that the O‐isotope compositions of the nebular gas from which they condensed underwent a transitional change from 16O‐rich to 16O‐poor within ~0.02 Myr in the earliest solar system. Once formed, the FGI may have been removed from the forming region within ~0.02 Myr and transported to the accretion region of the parent body.
Distinct subunit architecture and assembly pattern of DNA gyrase from mycobacteria
Authors: Faheem Iqball , Gupta Richa , Nagaraja Valakunja 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDNA gyrase, the sole negative supercoiling type II topoisomerase, is composed of two subunits, GyrA and GyrB, encoded by the gyrA and gyrB genes, respectively, that form a quaternary complex of A2B2. In this study, we have investigated the assembly of mycobacterial DNA gyrase from its individual subunits, a step prerequisite for its activity. Using analytical size‐exclusion chromatography, we show that GyrA from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium smegmatis forms tetramers (A4) in solution unlike in Escherichia coli and other bacteria where GyrA exists as a dimer. GyrB, however, persists as a monomer, resembling the pattern found in E. coli. GyrB in both mycobacterial species interacts with GyrA and triggers the dissociation of the GyrA tetramer to facilitate the formation of catalytically active A2B2. Despite oligomerisation, the GyrA tetramer retained its DNA binding ability, and DNA binding had no effect on GyrA's oligomeric state in both species. Moreover, the presence of DNA facilitated the assembly of holoenzyme in the case of M. smegmatis by stabilising the GyrA2B2 tetramer but with little effect in M. tuberculosis. Thus, in addition to the distinct organisation and regulation of the gyr locus in mycobacteria, the enzyme assembly also follows a different pattern.
Projection Estimators for Structural Impulse Responses*
Authors: Breitung Jörg , Brüggemann Ralf 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper we provide a general two‐step framework for linear projection estimators of impulse responses in structural vector autoregressions (SVARs). This framework is particularly useful for situations when structural shocks are identified from information outside the VAR (e.g. narrative shocks). We provide asymptotic results for statistical inference and discuss situations when standard inference is valid without adjustment for generated regressors, autocorrelated errors or non‐stationary variables. We illustrate how various popular SVAR models fit into our framework. Furthermore, we provide a local projection framework for invertible SVAR models that are estimated by instrumental variables (IV). This class of models results in a set of quadratic moment conditions used to obtain the asymptotic distribution of the estimator. Moreover, we analyse generalized least squares (GLS) versions of the projections to improve the efficiency of the projection estimators. We also compare the finite sample properties of various estimators in simulations. Two highlights of the Monte Carlo results are (i) for invertible VARs our two‐step IV projection estimator is more efficient compared to existing projection estimators and (ii) using the GLS projection variant with residual augmentation leads to substantial efficiency gains relative to standard OLS/IV projection estimators.
Keeping tabs on the executive
Authors: Selin Jennifer L. , Moore Grace 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCongress has long exercised its power to oversee the executive branch. Important research has examined empirical patterns in congressional investigations, finding institutional, individual, policy, and partisan incentives motivate legislative inquiry. Yet, scholars largely have overlooked one fundamental question: what is oversight? We use new quantitative and qualitative data to highlight the importance of considering oversight as a series of actions designed to serve both as a symbol and signal in the American separation of powers system. Our exploratory analysis suggests that Congress oversees the executive branch much more frequently and in more ways than previously considered by scholars.
Evaluation of DNA integrity and chromatin condensation in cat sperm collected by urethral catheterization and epididymis slicing
Authors: Allera Cecilia , Gallelli María Florencia , Neild Deborah Margarita , Carretero María Ignacia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the original sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) assay and the toluidine blue (TB) stain to assess DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation, respectively, in cat sperm obtained by urethral catheterization (CT) and epididymis slicing (EP). CT and EP samples were collected from the same cat, and sperm motility, concentration, morphology, DNA integrity and chromatin condensation were evaluated. As controls, aliquots of the samples were incubated with 0.3 M NaOH and with 1% of dithiothreitol (DTT) to promote DNA fragmentation and chromatin decondensation, respectively. With SCD, four DNA dispersion halo patterns were observed: large, medium, small and no halo. TB staining patterns were as follows: light blue (condensed chromatin), light violet (moderate chromatin decondensation) and dark blue‐violet (high chromatin decondensation). Sperm incubations with NaOH and with DTT were effective in inducing DNA fragmentation and chromatin decondensation, respectively. No significant differences were observed in the percentages of the SCD and TB patterns between samples (CT and EP) and no correlation was observed between sperm head abnormalities and the different SCD and TB patterns. The original SCD technique and the TB stain were adapted to evaluate DNA integrity and chromatin condensation in cat sperm obtained by CT and EP.
Assistive Sensory Feedback for Trajectory Tracking in Augmented Reality
Authors: Wang I-Jan , Yeh Lifen , Chu Chih-Hsing , Huang Yan-Ting 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In recent years, Augmented Reality (AR) has been successfully applied in various fields to assist in the execution of manual tasks. However, there is still a lack of a complete set of criteria for interface design for generating real-time interactive functions and effectively improving task efficiency through AR. In this study, subjects performed two kinds of trajectory tracking tasks in AR, the simple trajectory and complex trajectory. Their task performance under five different sensory feedbacks, namely, central vision, peripheral vision, auditory sensation, force feedback, and no feedback, were compared. The results show that in the trajectory tracking task in complex trajectories, the feedback information should not only provide prompts of error states but also provide suggestions for correcting the actions of the subjects. In addition, compared with visual sensation and auditory sensation, the force feedback has better adaptation. Furthermore, the subjects tend to rely on real-time force feedback to complete difficult tasks. It was found that in the manual trajectory tracking task, determining whether the trajectory tracking task is within the acceptable trajectory range will be affected by the postures subjects use for the tasks and will change the task performance. Therefore, it is suggested that when designing assisted functions, the limitations of the postures of the task should be considered. The experimental results and findings obtained in this study can provide a reference for the assisted interface design of manual tasks in AR.
Carbon Neutrality: A Review
Authors: He Bin , Yuan Xin , Qian Shusheng , Li Bing 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The introduction of the idea of “carbon neutrality” gives the development of low carbon and decarbonization a defined path. Climate change is a significant worldwide concern. To offer a theoretical foundation for the implementation of carbon reduction, this research first analyzes the idea of carbon footprinting, accounting techniques, and supporting technologies. The next section examines carbon emission reduction technologies in terms of lowering emissions and raising carbon sequestration. Digital intelligence technologies like the Internet of Things, big data, and artificial intelligence will be crucial throughout the process of reducing carbon emissions. The implementation pathways for increasing carbon sequestration primarily include ecological and technological carbon sequestration. Nevertheless, proving carbon neutrality requires measuring and monitoring greenhouse gas emissions from several industries, which makes it a challenging undertaking. Intending to increase the effectiveness of carbon footprint measurement, this study created a web-based program for computing and analyzing the whole life cycle carbon footprint of items. The practical applications and difficulties of digital technologies, such as blockchain, the Internet of Things, and artificial intelligence in achieving a transition to carbon neutrality are also reviewed, and additional encouraging research ideas and recommendations are made to support the development of carbon neutrality.
Vision Guided Dynamic Synchronous Path Tracking Control of Dual Manipulator Cooperative System
Authors: Bai Quan , Li Pengcheng , Tian Wei , Shen Jianxin , Li Bo , Hu Junshan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Compared with a single manipulator manufacturing cell, a dual manipulator cooperative system has more advantages in reconfigurability and flexibility. However, there are calibration errors and multi-source disturbances in the collaborative process, which lead to the processing trajectory accuracy defects of large-scale associated machining features. To solve the above problems, a practical path tracking synchronous control algorithm based on position-based visual servoing (PBVS) is proposed in this paper for the dual manipulator cooperative system, the proposed dynamic path tracking cross-coupled sliding mode controller (PTCSMC) scheme can realize dynamic paths correction while executing the pre-planned paths. In addition, for the cross-coupled technology to be applied into the proposed control algorithm for dynamic path tracking based on the real-time feedback of the highly repeatable 3D visual measurement instrument (VMI), the tracking and synchronous errors of the dual manipulators converge synchronously to zero. Finally, the stability of proposed control algorithm is proven by the Lyapunov method. In the end, the real-time line and circle path tracking experimental results using two industrial manipulators demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
A Dimension Selection-Based Constrained Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm Using a Combination of Artificial Intelligence Methods
Authors: Wu Di , Sotnikov Dmitry , Gary Wang G. , Coatanea Eric , Lyly Mika , Salmi Tiina 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The computational cost of modern simulation-based optimization tends to be prohibitive in practice. Complex design problems often involve expensive constraints evaluated through finite element analysis or other computationally intensive procedures. To speed up the optimization process and deal with expensive constraints, a new dimension selection-based constrained multi-objective optimization (MOO) algorithm is developed combining least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, artificial neural networks, and grey wolf optimizer, named L-ANN-GWO. Instead of considering all variables at each iteration during the optimization, the proposed algorithm only adaptively retains the variables that are highly influential on the objectives. The unselected variables are adjusted to satisfy the constraints through a local search. With numerical benchmark problems and a simulation-based engineering design problem, L-ANN-GWO outperforms state-of-the-art constrained MOO algorithms. The method is then applied to solve a highly complex optimization problem, the design of a high-temperature superconducting magnet. The optimal solution shows significant improvement as compared to the baseline design.