bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TYPES OF ATTENDEES IN COMMUNITY SPACE IN JAPAN: TOWARD DESIGNING AN ENVIRONMENT FOR SOCIAL PARTICIPATION
Authors: Takase Mai , Ogino Ryogo , Nitanai Ryoichi , Nakayama Riko , Kim Hongjik , Kazembe Neo , Goto Jun , Iijima Katsuya 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Designing community space for social participation of older adults is essential for healthy aging. The behavioral characteristics of the attendees have much to offer as they relate to social settings designed in the space. This study aims to elucidate the basic typology of the attendees considering their motivation for attendance and state of social connection.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews targeting attendees of Chiiki-Katsudokan, a space designed for social participation in a larger aging estate in Japan, were conducted in December 2021 (N=16, 16% male). Attendees were asked about their reasons for attending events at Chiiki-Katsudokan, interaction levels with other attendees, and levels of social participation during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results
Based on the interviews, attendees were classified into three types: Seeker, Hobbyist, and Socializer. First, Seekers (n=3) used Chiiki-Katsudokan as the primary means of preventing social isolation. Amongst the three types, the social interaction level of Seekers was the lightest, and the opportunity decreased when Chiiki-Katsudokan closed during the quarantine. Second, the main motivation for Hobbyists (n=5) was the event contents which matched their interests. Hobbyists were also likely to engage in hobby networks, which continued privately during the pandemic. Finally, Socializers (n=8) attended Chiiki-Katsudokan to communicate with friends. Many were initially socially active and engaged in social interaction outside Chiiki-Katsudokan, e.g., teatime with friends, during the quarantine.

Conclusion
This study suggested that designing community space for social participation requires defining the varying levels of engagement and expecting relationships outside the space based on the behavioral characteristics of the attendees.
MEANINGFUL ACTIVITY ENGAGEMENT AND WELL-BEING AMONG DISABLED OLDER ADULTS: THE MODERATED ROLE OF ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Tung Yi-Hsuan , Chi Iris , Wu Shinyi , Chao Shiau-Fang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Engaging in meaningful activities has been seen as an important way to sustain the well-being of older adults with disabilities and to achieve person-centered care. Yet, it is still unclear whether and to what extent meaningful activity engagement promotes well-being for community-dwelling older adults with disabilities, and how the environmental factors could affect these relationships. This study aims to investigate the relationship between meaningful activity engagement and psychological well-being, and to explore the moderated role of environmental factors (physical, attitudinal, service/support, policy). Survey data conducted in Taiwan between April and July of 2018 were analyzed by using multiple regression (N=1,244). Three types of meaningful activities (instrumental, social, and leisure) were identified based on a self-rated activity meaningfulness measure. Findings showed that higher levels of engagement in three types of meaningful activities were associated with better quality of life (QOL), but only engaging in meaningful leisure was associated with less depressive symptoms while adjusting functional status. Perceived better policy-related environment (e.g., long-term care services) could reinforce the positive effects of three types of meaningful activity engagement on QOL and depressive symptoms. Findings also indicated perceived attitudinal environment moderated the association between meaningful leisure activity engagement and QOL. These results established the influences of meaningful activity engagement on the well-being of community-dwelling older adults with disabilities and highlight the importance of age-friendly environment in supporting meaningful activity engagement and older adults’ well-being.
EVALUATING IMPLEMENTATION FIDELITY TO A NURSE-LED CARE MODEL IN NURSING HOMES: A MIXED-METHODS STUDY
Authors: Guerbaai Raphaelle Ashley , De Geest Sabina , Simon Michael , Popejoy Lori , Wellens Nathalie , Denhaerynck Kris , Zúñiga Franziska 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Implementation fidelity assesses the degree to which an intervention is delivered as intended. Little is known about how it acts as a moderator between an intervention and its intended outcome(s) and which factors affect the fidelity trajectory over time. We exemplify implementation fidelity in INTERCARE, a nurse-led care model implemented in eleven Swiss nursing homes (NH) successfully decreasing unplanned hospital transfers. A mixed-methods design was used, guided by the Conceptual Framework for Implementation Fidelity. Fidelity to INTERCARE’s core components was measured with 44 self-developed items at 4-time points (baseline, 6, 12 months after intervention start, 9 months post-intervention; fidelity scores were calculated for each component and overall. Structured notes from NH meetings were used to identify moderators affecting the fidelity trajectory over time. Generalized linear mixed models were computed to analyze the quantitative data. Deductive thematic analysis was used for the qualitative analysis. The quantitative and qualitative findings were integrated using triangulation. A higher overall fidelity score showed a decreasing rate of unplanned hospital transfers (OR: 0.65 (CI=0.43-0.99), p=0.047). Higher fidelity score to advance care planning was associated with lower unplanned transfers (OR= 0.24 (CI 0.13-0.44), p= &lt; 0.001) and a lower fidelity score for communication tools (e.g., ISBAR) to higher rates in unplanned transfers (OR= 1.69 (CI 1.30-2.19), p= &lt; 0.003). High implementation fidelity to INTERCARE was necessary to achieve a reduction in unplanned transfers. In-house physicians with a collaborative approach and staff’s perceived need for nurses working in extended roles were important factors for high fidelity.
RESULTS OF A PILOT IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ADL GUIDELINE FOR NURSING PROFESSIONALS IN THE NETHERLANDS
Authors: Cremer Svenja , Bleijlevens Michel , Metzelthin Silke , de van Ginkel Janneke de Man-van , Zwakhalen Sandra 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Nursing care in activities of daily living (ADL), such as washing, dressing, or eating is frequently provided while being poorly informed by scientific evidence. To address nursing professionals’ need for guidance we developed a practice guideline on ADL-care. This guideline comprises eleven core recommendations on involving care receivers and informal caregivers in ADL-care, identifying ADL-care needs, and effective ADL-interventions. Since the success of this guideline hinges on its actual use by nursing professionals, we assessed the use and determined influencing factors to guide targeted strategies for future implementation in different nursing care settings. In a mixed-method study, nursing professionals documented the number of core recommendations applied over three weeks using recording forms and a self-administered questionnaire to identify barriers and facilitators. In addition, we conducted focus groups to capture team experiences in applying the 11 core recommendations and clarifying survey results. Seven nursing care teams participated from various settings: hospital (n=1), rehabilitation (n=2), home-care (n=1), and long-term care (n=3). Preliminary results reveal that participants consider the core recommendations compatible with and adaptable to current practices, and their care settings. Participants experienced advantages over existing practices. However, core-recommendation usage and perception of influencing factors appeared to be highly context-dependent, especially regarding the involvement of informal caregivers in ADL-care. Limited knowledge on the application of interventions to improve ADL limited the use of some recommendations. Our results underline the necessity of careful selection of targeted strategies for each setting tailoring the core recommendations to the different qualifications and roles of nursing professionals.
WHAT MATTERS TO OLDER SURGICAL PATIENTS AND THEIR CARERS DURING THEIR HOSPITALIZATION?
Authors: Thillainadesan Janani , Box Helen , Kearney Leanne , Naganathan Vasi , Cunich Michelle , Aitken Sarah , Monaro Sue 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Older adults account for a growing proportion of the surgical population. We investigated patient- and carer-reported experiences of hospitalization in this group. A mixed-methods study using telephone and postal surveys of recently hospitalized vascular surgical patients aged ≥ 65 years at an acute care academic hospital. Qualitative data were thematically analyzed using a framework approach. In total 46 patients (mean age 77 years, 78% male) and nine carers were surveyed. Nine (20%) patients were frail (Clinical Frailty Scale score &gt;4). The majority of patients reported overall they felt their views were listened to (n=42, 89%), were kept informed (n=39, 83%) and were asked about their pain level (n=37, 79%). Among the nine carers, seven reported overall they felt their views were listened to (n=42, 89%) and were kept informed (n=39, 83%). Thematic analysis of responses to open-ended survey questions about their experience of hospitalization revealed four key themes: receiving fundamental care including hygiene and nutrition, importance of the hospital environment such as sleep and meals, being informed and involved in health care decision-making, and treating pain and deconditioning to help recovery. Findings from this study identified that older adults admitted to hospital for surgical care, and their carers, highly value care that meets fundamental needs and involves them in decision-making and recovery. These priorities can be addressed through Age-Friendly Health System initiatives such as the implementation of the “4Ms” of geriatrics care: what matters, medication, mobility and mentation.
A SUCCESSFUL EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTION LINKING DEMENTIA PATIENTS AND FAMILIES WITH COMMUNITY RESOURCES
Authors: Barnes Stacy , Duthie Edmund , Denson Kathryn , McAlister Jennifer , Betley Wendy , Szymkowski Amanda , Malone Michael , Simpson Deborah 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Unpaid caregivers provided approximately 83% of the care for the 6.2 million Americans aged 65+ who were living with Alzheimer’s dementia in 2021. Physicians and other health professionals are not well informed about dementia-related community resources and rarely refer patients/families despite strong evidence which supports incorporating community services as part of an ongoing treatment plan. To bridge this gap, partnership with community agencies is essential. The Alzheimer’s Association’s “Direct Connect” referral program is provider-initiated and connects patients/families with disease information, care consultations, support groups, a 24/7 Helpline, and other resources. As part of the Wisconsin Geriatric Workforce Enhancement Program award from HRSA (U1QHP28712) 1,023 health professionals working in Wisconsin hospitals and primary care clinics were trained to use Direct Connect. Our educational intervention re-framed dementia from a hopeless disease to a chronic condition requiring supportive services as a necessary component of the disease management plan. Results of a paired-samples t-test (n=675) indicated our educational intervention had a significant impact on trainees' self-reported pre/post-test knowledge in both hospitals [t(444) = -34.67, p &lt; 0.001, d = 1.64] and primary care [t(229) = -24.63, p &lt; 0.001, d = 1.62]. By the end of the 5-year project period, Direct Connect referrals totaled 1,352 and the program grew from less than 50 referrals to 290 annually. While these results are promising, Direct Connect remains underutilized and initiatives to further increase referrals from providers must be expanded.
STRONGER MEMORY: EXPERIENCES OF OLDER ADULTS AND CAREGIVERS IN AN INTERVENTION PROGRAM FOR COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE
Authors: Kang Hyun , Tompkins Catherine , Barrett Kendall , Keesee Francesca , Magee Catherine , Lauber Mckenzie , Ihara Emily , Fredericksen Jessica 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Subjective cognitive decline (SCD), defined as self-reported memory issues that have worsened over the past year, can be one of the first indications of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. SCD affects nearly 9% of Virginians aged 45 or older, and 31% of these individuals live alone. A practice-based intervention is essential to addressing the challenges associated with cognitive impairment. This study examined the effect of StrongerMemory program, which involves a series of cognitive exercises. The StrongerMemory program provides a 12-week curriculum designed to stimulate the brain’s prefrontal cortex, which governs the ability to retrieve memories. Participants are encouraged to spend 20 to 30 minutes a day reading aloud, writing or journaling and completing simple math problems. The Mason Gerontology Research Team investigated the pre- and post-cognitive outcomes among 43 participants who participated in the StrongerMemory program to determine the effectiveness of the program. The cognitive outcomes were evaluated using the Mini Montreal Cognitive Assessment 2.1 (Mini MoCA). The mean (SD) scores in Mini MoCA evaluated in the participants were 12.60 ± 2.1 (pre-test) and 13.53 ± 1.9 (post-test). The mean difference was statistically significant. Our results indicate that the StrongerMemory program is beneficial for cognition. The premise around the StrongerMemory program is that prior to a diagnosis or even with a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment, a decline can be slowed and possibly prevented by participating in a program like StrongerMemory. The Mason Gerontology Research Team continues to evaluate the StrongerMemory program to examine its impact on SCD.
SELF-CARE AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN PEOPLE WITH PARKINSON’S DISEASE AND THEIR CAREGIVERS
Authors: Kim Eunyoung , Lee JuHee , Chung Misook , Yoo Subin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective
To examine associations of self-care and the quality of life (QOL) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and their caregivers dyads.

Background
Patients with PD engage in self-care with motor and non-motor symptom experiences. There is insufficient knowledge about associations of self-care and QOL in patients with PD and their caregivers though PD patients and family caregivers are interdependent. Method: A total of 73 PD patients and primary family caregivers from the Korean Parkinson's Disease Association or who visited outpatient clinics of the tertiary hospitals in Korea participated in this study. Dyad members completed the survey of the self-care (the Self-Care of Chronic Illness Inventory and Caregiver Contribution to Self-Care of Chronic Illness Inventory) and QOL (Parkinson’s Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire and The Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire-Care). The comparisons of self-care and quality of life within two dyad members were conducted via paired t-test and Pearson's correlation using SPSS 26.0 Result: PD patients reported significantly higher levels of self-care maintenance (78.34 vs. 70.21, patients vs. caregiver respectively, p&lt;.001) and management (65.9 vs. 60.49, p=.029) than caregivers. Patients’ self-efficacy was significantly correlated with their QOL (r=.270, p=.021). Caregiver contribution to self-care management was significantly correlated with their own QOL (r=.365, p=.001) and patients’ QOL (r=.234, p=.047).

Conclusion
The self-care efficacy of patients and the contribution of caregivers to self-care management can affect the QOL of both patients and caregivers. A dyadic approach for the intervention of self-care management is crucial to improve the QOL of patients with PD and caregivers.
UNDERSTANDING THE CHARACTERISTICS AND WELL-BEING OF AMERICAN INDIAN AND ALASKA NATIVE GRANDPARENT CAREGIVERS
Authors: Danielson Ramona , Davis Shelly , Adamsen Collette 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) grandparents have always had an important role in their grandchildren’s lives. Grandparents being the primary caregiver of their grandchildren has become a more pronounced occurrence in AI/AN populations in recent years and warrants review.

Methods
Data come from the National Resource Center on Native American Aging’s 2017-2020 needs assessment of AI/AN adults ages 55+. Analysis explored demographic and well-being indicators by caregiving status (N=19,855): not a caregiver of a grandchild (non-CG; 71%); part-time caregiver (PT-CG; 18%); and primary caregiver (PR-CG; 11%).

Results
Caregivers were more likely to be younger, be married, have higher education and incomes, and live with family in a single-family residence than non-CG. PR-CG were more likely to be female, employed full-time, and live with family on reservation/trust land than PT-CG and non-CG. Regarding indicators of well-being, caregivers were more likely to participate in cultural practices than non-CG. PT-CG were more likely to socialize and have recently participated in vigorous exercise, were less likely to have fair/poor health, and had fewer daily self-care restrictions than PR-CG and non-CG. PR-CG were more likely to be obese and daily smokers and had a higher measure of mental health concern, but were less likely to have recently binge drank or mainly eat alone than PT-CG and non-CG.

Conclusions
The demographics reviewed were all significantly different. PT-CG had better outcomes, pointing to a potential protective benefit, while PR-CG had more mental health strain. Further research is needed to better understand the interconnectedness of the indicators analyzed.
CAREGIVER SINGING VERSUS MUSIC ACTIVITIES IN DEMENTIA CARE: DIFFERENT BENEFITS IN DIFFERENT OCCASIONS
Authors: Hammar Lena , Lövenmark Annica , Swall Anna 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Music has been used in the care of persons with dementia (PWDs) in decades, and research show that music activities such as background music, music listening, sing-along activities and playing instruments have positive effects on mood, emotions and interaction. However, Caregiver Singing (CS)- when caregivers are singing for or together with PWDs during care activities, are commonly in literature mixed up with other music activities. CS is a care intervention aiming to facilitate care situations and has shown to be useful to increase interaction and cooperation in care activities. This study aimed to describe caregivers’ experiences of the differences between using CS compared to music in the care of persons with dementia.Data was three focus group interviews with 12 professional caregivers and residential facilities for PWDs. Data was analyzed with qualitative content analysis. Results revealed that CS are a successful tool to communicate, cooperate and bring out the PWDs hidden resources during care activities. The PWDs were told to be more adequate even thou the caregivers sings instead of speaking. Music activities were described to increase moods and socialization and are important part to increase a nice atmosphere. However, it does not increase cooperation in the way CS does. As interventions to facilitate caring situations with PWDs are needed, and CS has shown to be effective and should therefore be seen as an intervention not mixed up with traditional music activities. It is an important contribution in the education for staff in dementia care to include training in CS.
THE ROLE OF CAREGIVING IN COGNITIVE FUNCTION AND CHANGE: A REGARDS STUDY
Authors: Elayoubi Joanne 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Caregiving is often associated with elevated levels of stress and depressed mood. There is some evidence that higher caregiving strain is associated with worse cognitive functioning, however, findings are mixed. The current study examined the relationship between caregiving and cognitive functioning, and the potential mediating effects of depressive symptoms and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). We identified participants in the Reasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study who were family caregivers at baseline assessment (n=3,118), and then used propensity matching on 14 sociodemographic and health variables to identify 3,118 non-caregivers. Participants completed repeated assessments of global cognitive functioning, learning and memory, and executive functioning and processing speed. Our results showed caregivers and non-caregivers did not differ on cognitive functioning at baseline or in rate of change in cognition over time. Caregivers had higher baseline depressive symptoms than non-caregivers but depressive symptoms and hsCRP did not mediate the relationship between caregiving strain and cognition. The present study, using several methodological advances not found in most previous papers on caregiving and cognition (large sample size, propensity matching of caregivers and non-caregivers, longitudinal methods) found no evidence that caregiving or caregiving strain significantly influenced cognitive performance. Results are consistent with recent research demonstrating that, while caregiving can be highly stressful, many caregivers are resilient and do not show marked declines in cognition and health, or higher mortality. A more balanced narrative of caregiving, emphasizing resilience and both the problems and benefits of caregiving, is indicated.
AGE-RELATED DIFFERENCES IN THEORY OF MIND: A TIME-VARYING FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY APPROACH
Authors: Rincon Samuel Naranjo , Betzel Richard , Krendl Anne 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Theory of Mind (ToM) refers to the act of inferring someone’s inner state, such as their emotions and thoughts. Previous work also demonstrated that ToM performance declines across age, but the mechanisms underlying this are not well-understood. The brain regions underlying ToM are generally in the default mode network (DMN) – a group of brain regions particularly vulnerable to pathological aging. Recent work suggests that declines in functional connectivity (FC; correlations between brain regions) during resting state (a period of undirected thought) predict age deficits in ToM. However, these findings come from aggregated FC, ignoring potentially informative details of dynamic changes during resting state. Researching these details may provide more specificity related to social cognitive aging. To test this, 35 older adults (OA; M = 75.61; 22 female) and 40 young adults (YA; M = 21.58; 25 female) underwent resting state and task-based fMRI. During the task, they completed a standard ToM task. We conducted time-varying functional connectivity analyses in the DMN to identify dynamic changes over time. Overall, OA had more variability than YA, but variability benefitted YAs, and not OAs. This occurred specifically in a DMN subnetwork associated with contextual information in memory. These results suggest that variability is useful, but only to an extent. With respect to ToM, variability may promote how YA integrate contextual information to memory, but is ineffective for OA.