bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The challenges to control epilepsy in an isolated indigenous tribe in Brazil's Amazon: 15 years of follow-up
Authors: Honorato Marcos Manoel , Cremaschi Renata Carvalho , Coelho Fernando Morgadinho Santos 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground Epilepsy is a common neurological disease that affects people all over the world, but it is rarely described in indigenous peoples.Objective To study the epilepsy characteristics and risk factors for seizure control in people from an isolated indigenous population.Methods This is a retrospective and historical cohort study conducted from 2003 to 2018 (15 years), at a neurology outpatient clinic, of 25 Waiwai tribes' indigenous individuals with epilepsy, inhabitants of an isolated forest reserve in the Amazon. Clinical aspects, background, comorbidities, exams, treatment, and response were studied. Factors that impacted seizure control over 24 months were identified using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox and Weibull regression models.Results The majority of cases started in childhood, with no difference regarding gender. Focal epilepsies were predominant. Most patients had tonic-clonic seizures. A quarter of them had a family history, and 20% had referred febrile seizures. There was intellectual disability in 20% of patients. Neurological examination and psychomotor development were altered in one third of the participants. The treatment controlled 72% of the patients (monotherapy in 64%). Phenobarbital was the most prescribed anti-seizure medication, followed by carbamazepine and valproate. The most relevant factors that impacted seizure control over time were abnormal neurological exam and family history.Conclusion Family history and abnormal neurological exam were predicted risk factors for refractory epilepsy. Even in an isolated indigenous tribe, the partnership between the indigenous people and the multidisciplinary team ensured treatment adherence. The public healthcare system must guarantee modern anti-seizure medications, mainly for this vulnerable population, which has no other source of treatment.
On the transfer of energy in the reflection of waves traveling in strings by a moving obstacle
Authors: Roatta A , Welti R 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this work, we analyze the force exerted by a wave of finite duration on a moving obstacle. If the obstacle moves against the incident wave, the energy of the reflected pulse is greater than the energy of the incident pulse. This is not a violation of the principle of conservation of energy. We will show that the obstacle delivers energy to the wave in an amount equal to the difference between the energies of the incident and the reflected pulse. If we attribute an impulse to the wave, then the force exerted on the obstacle can be interpreted as being due to the change in momentum of the wave. Our discussion in the framework of waves on strings can serve to introduce this topic in introductory science courses. We can easily visualize these waves, and for this reason waves on strings are used to clarify wave motion in other media.
Design of single-mode single-circularly polarized chiral anti-resonant fiber for the communication band
Authors: Zhang Yingjie , Liu Xingguang , Zhao Rui , Li Junqing 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We propose a design of anti-resonant fiber (ARF) involving the introduction of chiral material into the inner regions of six germanium-doped silica glass cladding tubes, which can support the operation of single-mode single left-handed circular polarization in the communication band from 1.540 to 1.605 µm. In particular, the loss reaches a minimum value of 0.009 dB m−1 at 1.550 µm. The sign of the chiral parameter can control the handedness of polarization in the operation of single-mode single-circular polarization. In addition, the ARF possesses a good bending resistance performance. The minimum bending radius of the ARF is 10

cm

to maintain the single-mode single left-handed circular polarization for 1.550 µm. We believe the novel ARF can find applications in optical communication, polarization imaging and chiral sensing.
Hydrodynamic model of heavy-ion collisions with low momentum components
Authors: Monnai Akihiko 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Relativistic heavy-ion collisions suggest that low-momentum regions of the observed particle spectra are thermal and hydrodynamic, while medium-high momentum regions are non-thermal and perturbative. In this study, I construct a hydrodynamic model of heavy-ion collisions by cutting off the medium-high momentum contributions and investigate the phenomenological consequences. Numerical simulations indicate that the temperature of the quark matter can be higher at earlier times owing to the modification of the equation of state. It is also suggested that direct photon elliptic flow can be sensitive to the momentum dependence of thermalization.
Thermal resistance network model for thermal conductivity of normal liquid helium-4 and helium-3
Authors: Huang Dan , Zhong Jinxing , Raza Saqlain , Niu Ran , Fu Baishan , Yu Dapeng , Nakayama Tsuneyoshi , Liu Jun , Zhou Jun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Liquid heliums are intriguing substance. Superfluid states below certain critical temperatures, notably liquid helium-4 and helium-3 exhibit ultra-high thermal conductivity ( TC) in the superfluid phase. However, the microscopic origin of the TC of liquid heliums in the normal phase remains unclear. In this work, we employ the thermal resistance network model to calculate the thermal conductivities of normal liquid helium-4 (He I) and helium-3. Predicted values are not only in good agreement with the measurements but also reproduce the experimental trend of TC increasing with temperature and pressure.
Anatomy of localisation protected quantum order on Hilbert space
Authors: Roy Sthitadhi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Many-body localised (MBL) phases of disordered, interacting quantum systems allow for exotic localisation protected quantum order in eigenstates at arbitrarily high energy densities. In this work, we analyse the manifestation of such order on the Hilbert-space anatomy of eigenstates. Quantified in terms of non-local Hilbert-spatial correlations of eigenstate amplitudes, we find that the spread of the eigenstates on the Hilbert-space graph is directly related to the order parameters which characterise the localisation protected order, and hence these correlations, in turn, characterise the order or lack thereof. Higher-point eigenstate correlations also characterise the different entanglement structures in the many-body localised phases, with and without order, as well as in the ergodic phase. The results pave the way for characterising the transitions between MBL phases and the ergodic phase in terms of scaling of emergent correlation lengthscales on the Hilbert-space graph.
High performance symmetric reduced graphene oxide/polyaniline/tellurium supercapacitor electrodes
Authors: Habib Hameem , Wani Irfan Samad , Husain Samina 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The aim of this work is to overcome the problem of agglomeration and volumetric changes observed in reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposites responsible for inferior capacitive performance. The synergistic effect of optimized rGO, PANI and tellurium (Te) ternary nanocomposite was investigated for the electrochemical performances for the energy storage devices. For this purpose, the electrochemical test was performed at low molar 0.1M H2SO4 concentration of aqueous electrolyte in a two-electrode cell assembly. The electrochemical studies showed that the specific capacitance of 564F g−1 is attained in rGO/PANI nanocomposite electrode cell whose capacitive performance showed an increase by adding different concentration of Te. The maximum specific capacitance of 895 F g−1 at 10 mV s−1 was observed in rGO/PANI/Te50 (GPT50) with negligible charge transfer resistance, knee frequency ∼466.63 Hz, low response time ∼17.39 s, high coulombic efficiency ∼92% and high energy and power densities of 41

Wh

kg

−1 and 3679

W

kg

−1 with cyclic stability of ∼91% after 5000 GCCD cycles respectively. The electrochemical performances result of the electrode material indicated that the combination of Te with rGO and PANI can be used to enhance the supercapacitor performances of the rGO/PANI nanocomposite electrodes. This novel composition has overall improved the electrochemical studies of the electrode materials and thus can be used as a suitable candidate for supercapacitor devices.
Single-step fabrication of hybrid germanium-gold/silver nanoentities by femtosecond laser ablation and applications in SERS-based sensing
Authors: Rathod Jagannath , Moram Sree Satya Bharati , Chandu Byram , Albrycht Paweł , Soma Venugopal Rao 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We present a simple, fast, and single-step approach for fabricating hybrid semiconductor-metal nanoentities through liquid-assisted ultrafast (∼50 fs, 1 kHz, 800 nm) laser ablation. Femtosecond (fs) ablation of Germanium (Ge) substrate was executed in (i) distilled water (ii) silver nitrate (AgNO3—3, 5, 10 mM) (iii) Chloroauric acid (HAuCl4—3, 5, 10 mM), yielding the formation of pure Ge, hybrid Ge-silver (Ag), Ge-gold (Au) nanostructures (NSs) and nanoparticles (NPs). The morphological features and corresponding elemental compositions of Ge, Ge-Ag, and Ge-Au NSs/NPs have been conscientiously studied using different characterization techniques. Most importantly, the deposition of Ag/Au NPs on the Ge substrate and their size variation were thoroughly investigated by changing the precursor concentration. By increasing the precursor concentration (from 3 mM to 10 mM), the deposited Au NPs and Ag NPs’ size on the Ge nanostructured surface was increased from ∼46 nm to ∼100 nm and from ∼43 nm to ∼70 nm, respectively. Subsequently, the as-fabricated hybrid (Ge-Au/Ge-Ag) NSs were effectively utilized to detect diverse hazardous molecules (e.g. picric acid and thiram) via the technique of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Our findings revealed that the hybrid SERS substrates achieved at 5 mM precursor concentration of Ag (denoted as Ge-5Ag) and Au (denoted as Ge-5Au) had demonstrated superior sensitivity with the enhancement factors of ∼2.5 × 104, 1.38 × 104 (for PA), and ∼9.7 × 105 and 9.2 × 104 (for thiram), respectively. Interestingly, the Ge-5Ag substrate has exhibited ∼10.5 times higher SERS signals than the Ge-5Au substrate.
Parametric study of the silver nanoparticles deposition on polyelectrolyte supporting layers
Authors: Kulakovich Olga , Shirokaya Alina , Muravitskaya Alina 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Colloidal nanoparticles deposition on polyelectrolyte (PE) supporting layers is a widespread technique to achieve high density nanoparticle coatings, however the choice of the parameters is often not consistent and varies in different reports. Frequently the obtained films suffer from the aggregation and non-reproducibility. Here, we addressed the main variables in silver nanoparticles deposition—the immobilization time; concentration of the PE in the solution; the thickness of PE underlayer and overlayer; the concentration of salt in the PE solution during the formation of a underlayer. We report on the formation of the high-density silver nanoparticle films and ways to tune their optical density in the wide range using the immobilization time as well as the thickness of PE overlayer. Silver colloidal films with maximum reproducibility were obtained by adsorption of nanoparticles on 1 underlayer of 5 g l−1 polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride with 0.5 M NaCl concentration. The results are promising for the fabrication of the reproducible colloidal silver films for multiple applications, such as plasmon enhanced fluorescent immunoassays and surface enhanced Raman scattering sensors.
Coexistence of tetragonal and cubic phase induced complex magnetic behaviour in CoMn2O4 nanoparticles
Authors: Rajput Sanjna , Yadav Manish , Dehury Taranga , Yadav Akhilesh Kumar , Sahoo Pratap Kumar , Rath Chandana 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
CoMn2O4, known for its extensive range of applications, has been subject to limited investigations regarding its structure dependent magnetic properties. Here, we have examined the structure dependent magnetic properties of CoMn2O4 nanoparticles synthesized through a facile coprecipitation technique and are characterized using x-ray diffractometer, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), RAMAN spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and magnetic measurements. Rietveld refinement of the x-ray diffraction pattern reveals the coexistence of 91.84% of tetragonal and 8.16% of cubic phase. The cation distribution for tetragonal and cubic phases are (Co0.94Mn0.06)[Co0.06Mn1.94]O4 and (Co0.04Mn0.96)[Co0.96Mn1.04]O4, respectively. While Raman spectra and selected area electron diffraction pattern confirm the spinel structure, both +2 and +3 oxidation states for Co and Mn confirmed by XPS further corroborate the cation distribution. Magnetic measurement shows two magnetic transitions, Tc1 at 165 K and Tc2 at 93 K corresponding to paramagnetic to a lower magnetically ordered ferrimagnetic state followed by a higher magnetically ordered ferrimagnetic state, respectively. While Tc1 is attributed to the cubic phase having inverse spinel structure, Tc2 corresponds to the tetragonal phase with normal spinel. In contrast to general temperature dependent H
C observed in ferrimagnetic material, an unusual temperature dependent H
C with high spontaneous exchange bias of 2.971 kOe and conventional exchange bias of 3.316 kOe at 50 K are observed. Interestingly, a high vertical magnetization shift (VMS) of 2.5 emu g−1 is observed at 5 K, attributed to the Yafet–Kittel spin structure of Mn3+ in the octahedral site. Such unusual results are discussed on the basis of competition between the non-collinear triangular spin canting configuration of Mn3+ cations of octahedral sites and collinear spins of tetrahedral site. The observed VMS has the potential to revolutionize the future of ultrahigh density magnetic recording technology.
Design study for a compact, two-stage, laser-plasma-based source of positron beams
Authors: Amorim Lígia D , Benedetti Carlo , Bulanov Stepan S , Terzani Davide , Huebl Axel , Schroeder Carl B , Vay Jean-Luc , Esarey Eric 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Owing to their large accelerating gradients, plasma-based accelerators have attracted considerable interest as potential drivers for future, compact electron–positron colliders. Despite great progress achieved in plasma-based electron acceleration, positron acceleration still remains a challenging task, with an efficient positron source being the prerequisite for such acceleration. Here a concept for a compact, two-stage plasma-based positron source is discussed. In the first stage the positrons are created by a multi GeV electron beam produced by a laser-plasma accelerator interacting with a solid density foil. In the second stage the positrons are captured and accelerated in a plasma wave driven by either an electron beam or a laser pulse. Three potential configurations of such a source are considered: (i) a single electron beam is used for both the creation of positrons in the foil and for driving the wakefield in the second stage; (ii) a train of two electron beams is used: the positrons produced by the trailing beam in the foil are captured and accelerated in the second stage by the plasma wave generated by the leading beam; and (iii) a single electron beam is used to produce positrons in the foil and an independent laser pulse is coupled to the second stage to drive the plasma wave. These three configurations show different degrees of effectiveness with positron capture efficiency, varying from less than a percent to almost half of all produced positrons.
The effects of compliant support on the dynamics of a dielectric elastomer actuator: a parametric study
Authors: Cao Chongjing , Wu Chuang , Li Xiaozheng , Gao Xing 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The resonant actuation of dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) can greatly amplify the power outputs and energy efficiencies and has facilitated numerous applications in soft robotics. In many circumstances, the DEAs are mounted on robotic bodies that are made of soft materials or compliant structures. Such compliant supports can demonstrate an equivalent stiffness and inertia comparable to the DEAs, thereby complicating the dynamics of the DEAs and threatening the performance and controllability of the soft robots by introducing additional degrees of freedom to the systems. Toward the goal of achieving reliable and controllable resonating actuation of the DEAs on soft robots, the effects of compliant supports on the dynamics of DEAs require dedicated investigations. By adopting a double cone DEA configuration, this work conducts a comprehensive study on the dynamics of a double cone DEA-compliant support system. A nonlinear dynamic model of the double cone DEA-compliant support system is developed. Together with experimental studies, the dynamics of the system in different support configurations are characterized and the influences of the key parameters in the system are clarified. The key findings of this work can potentially guide the designs of future high-performance DEA-driven soft robots.
Optimization of the superconducting properties of NbTiN thin films by variation of the N2 partial pressure during sputter deposition
Authors: Pratap Pratiksha , Nanda Laxmipriya , Senapati Kartik , Aloysius R P , Achanta Venugopal 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We report the effect of nitrogen partial pressure on the growth of niobium-titanium nitride (NbTiN) thin films through reactive sputtering of the NbTi target in the presence of Ar and N2 atmosphere. The N2 partial pressure was varied from 5.8% to 15.15% with respect to the Ar flow available in the chamber. We measured a critical temperature (T
C) as high as 15.77 K for an N2 partial pressure of 6.8% for a 50 nm film deposited on an MgO substrate. The epitaxial growth of the NbTiN films is evident from the observed (200) and (400) XRD peaks with respect to the substrate. The superconducting properties were analyzed with respect to the observed values of T
C, ΔT
C, temperature dependence of the upper critical field (B
C2), coherence length (ξ), diffusion coefficient (D), and the thermally activated flux flow behavior following the Arrhenius equation. The T
C variation observed for the entire spectrum of N2 partial pressure variation is ∼11%, with T
C getting saturated towards the higher end of the N2 content. While the T
C variation with respect to N2 content is non-linear, the variation of B
C2(0), diffusion coefficient, and zero temperature coherence length ξ(0) show a linear dependence. While the B
C2(0) values show an increasing trend, D and ξ(0) values show a decreasing trend with respect to the increase of N2 partial pressure. It is concluded that the optimum window of N2 partial pressure for the reactive sputtering of NbTiN using a target of Nb0.7Ti0.3 for the present experimental conditions, in terms of epitaxial growth and obtaining the highest T
C is within the range of 5.8% to 8.51%.
Nonreciprocal single-photon state conversion between microwave and optical modes in a hybrid magnonic system
Authors: Xie Jikun , Ma Shengli , Ren Yalong , Li Xinke , Gao Shaoyan , Li Fuli 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Coherent quantum transduction between microwave and optical signals is of great importance for long-distance quantum communication. Here we propose a novel scheme for the implementation of nonreciprocal single-photon state conversion between microwave and optical modes based on a hybrid magnonic system. A yttrium–iron–garnet (YIG) sphere with both the optomechanical and the optomagnetic properties is exploited to couple with a three-dimensional superconducting microwave resonator. The magnetostatic mode of the YIG sphere is treated as an intermediate to interact with the microwave and optical modes simultaneously. By manipulating the amplitudes and phase differences between the couplings via external driving fields, we show that the nonreciprocal microwave-light single-photon state conversion can be realized via the quantum interference effect.
A novel and holistic approach for experimental x-ray fundamental parameter determination—the Ru L-shell
Authors: Hönicke Philipp 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The present work aims to improve both the experimental and the data evaluation procedures necessary for a determination of L-subshell atomic fundamental parameters (FPs). The main motivation lies in the fact that the established approach, consisting of a sequential evaluation of recorded transmission and fluorescence spectra in the vicinity of the three L-absorption edges, provides relatively large uncertainties for the Coster–Kronig (CK) factors. Up to now, reliable uncertainty budgets were in the order of 15%–100% and more. The novel holistic evaluation procedure addresses these large uncertainties, by employing a much larger experimental dataset extending far above the L1 absorption edge and a combined evaluation approach for a more reliable determination of the CK factors. Here, using the Ru-L shells as an example, their uncertainties are reduced to under 15%. In addition, this enables also the determination of other relevant FP data, such as the L-subshell Auger yields, the L-subshell photoionization cross sections as well as the L-subshell fluorescence production cross sections with significantly lower uncertainties as compared to the established approach.
From date syrup to three-dimensional graphene network
Authors: Abed Mayyadah , Al-Tamimi Basma , Saloum Ali 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
As a three-dimensional nano-material, graphene foam is regarded as an ideal choice for a wide array of critical applications due to its porous structure and high surface area. In this study, the main objective is a synthesis of graphene foam via a simple, low-cost, and eco-friendly approach. Graphene foam is synthesized from date syrup (DS), which is used as a carbon-enriched source using potassium chloride KCl particles as a scaffold on which graphene layers are built via dehydration and graphitization processes. Characteristic analyses have revealed that the Date-Derived-Graphene-Foam (DDGF) is indeed graphene material with G and D bands at 1598 cm−1 and 1350 cm−1, respectively, with a layered and porous structure. The lateral size of the obtained DDGF is determined as ∼6 nm. This quick, simple, and eco-friendly approach can be considered as having good potential in the high-yield production of graphene foam.
∞-structures in the integration of involutive distributions
Authors: Pan-Collantes A J , Ruiz A , Muriel C , Romero J L 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
For a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) or, more generally, an involutive distribution of vector fields, the problem of its integration is considered. Among the many approaches to this problem, solvable structures provide a systematic procedure of integration via Pfaffian equations that are integrable by quadratures. In this paper structures more general than solvable structures (named



∞

-structures) are considered. The symmetry condition in the concept of solvable structure is weakened for



∞

-structures by requiring their vector fields be just



∞

-symmetries. For



∞

-structures there is also an integration procedure, but the corresponding Pfaffian equations, although completely integrable, are not necessarily integrable by quadratures. The well-known result on the relationship between integrating factors and Lie point symmetries for first-order ODEs is generalized for



∞

-structures and involutive distributions of arbitrary corank by introducing symmetrizing factors. The role of these symmetrizing factors on the integrability by quadratures of the Pfaffian equations associated with the



∞

-structure is also established. Some examples that show how these objects and results can be applied in practice are also presented.