bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calcite-aragonite seas as a driver of echinoderm evolution? Experimental insight and deep-time decoupling
Authors: Cole Selina R. , Wright David F. , Thompson Jeffrey R. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Seawater magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) have undergone secular fluctuations throughout the Phanerozoic, controlling whether the dominant calcium carbonate precipitant is calcite or aragonite + high-Mg calcite. Although these oscillations in seawater Mg/Ca ratios have been implicated as an important control on Phanerozoic diversification of calcifying marine organisms, determining the degree to which Mg/Ca ratios affected different clades requires integration of experimental data with historical patterns of biodiversity from the fossil record. We explore short-term and long-term responses of echinoderms to shifting calcite-aragonite seas by combining experimental and deep-time biodiversity investigations. While experimental results support a strong relationship between Mg/Ca ratios and short-term echinoderm regeneration rates, patterns of Phanerozoic echinoderm diversification dynamics show no correspondence with Mg/Ca ratios or calcite-aragonite sea transitions. This decoupling between short- and long-term responses of echinoderms to seawater Mg/Ca ratios suggests echinoderms were relatively unaffected by seawater chemistry throughout their evolutionary history, possibly due to their ability to alter skeletal Mg fractionation and/or adapt to gradual shifts in seawater chemistry. Notably, our results indicate a strict uniformitarian extrapolation of experimental results over geological time scales may not be appropriate for many calcifying marine invertebrates. Instead, the effect of seawater Mg/Ca ratios should be evaluated for individual clades using both experimental and deep-time biodiversity data in a time series.
Exploring the pain and disability continuum in adolescents with non-traumatic anterior knee pain: a mediation analysis using individual participant data of prospective studies
Authors: Holden Sinead , Lee Hopin , van Middelkoop Marienke ,   The Adolescent Knee Health Group, Rathleff Michael Skovdal 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveTo use individual patient data (IPD) to investigate if the effect of pain on sports-related disability is mediated through physical (lower extremity isometric strength) or psychological (depression/anxiety and knee confidence) factors in adolescents with non-traumatic anterior knee pain.MethodsThis study included four datasets from a previously harmonised IPD dataset. Prior to analysis, the protocol and analysis approach were predefined and published on Open Science Framework. Potential mediators were pre-sepcified as isometric knee and hip strengths, self-reported anxiety/depression and confidence in the knee, allmeasured at 12 weeks after baseline evaluation. Mediation analyses were undertaken using the CMAVerse package in RStudio using the regression-based approach to decompose the total effect of the exposure (pain at baseline evaluation) on the outcome (sports-related disability at 6 months) into the ‘indirect effect’ (the portion of the total effect acting through the mediators) and the ‘direct effect’.ResultsTwo-hundred and seventy-nine adolescents with non-traumatic knee pain were included in the analysis. Median age was 13 (range 10–19), and 72% were women. Baseline pain was associated with sports-related disability at 6 months. There was no evidence of the association being mediated by any of the proposed mediators (total natural indirect effect for strength 0.01 (−1.14 to 1.80) and psychological factors 0.00 (−0.66 to 2.02)).ConclusionWe found an effect of pain on sports-related disability at 6 months which appears to be independent of lower extremity muscle strength, or depression/anxiety and knee confidence in adolescents with non-traumatic anterior knee pain.
Client-reported quality of facility-managed medication abortion compared with pharmacy-sourced self-managed abortion in Bangladesh
Authors: Jacobson Laura E , Baum Sarah E , Pearson Erin , Chowdhury Rezwana , Chakraborty Nirali M , Goodman Julia M , Gerdts Caitlin , Darney Blair G 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveWe used the newly developed Abortion Care Quality Tool (ACQTool) to compare client-reported quality of medication abortion care by source (facility-managed vs pharmacy-sourced self-managed abortion (SMA)) in Bangladesh.MethodsWe leveraged exit and 30-day follow-up surveys collected to develop and validate the ACQTool collected at nongovernmental organisation (NGO)-supported or -operated facilities in the public and private sector and pharmacies from three districts in Bangladesh. We used bivariate statistics to compare 18 client-reported quality indicators grouped in six domains and eight abortion outcomes, by source (facility vs pharmacy). We used multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with selected quality indicators and outcomes (abortion affordability, information provision, and knowing what to do for an adverse event), controlling for client sociodemographic characteristics.ResultsOf 550 abortion clients, 146 (26.5%) received a facility-managed medication abortion and 404 (73.5%) had a pharmacy-sourced SMA. Clients reported higher quality in facilities for five indicators, and higher in pharmacies for two indicators; the remaining 11 indicators were not different by source. Compared with facility-based clients, pharmacy clients had higher odds of reporting that the cost of abortion was affordable (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.55; 95% CI 2.27 to 5.58) but lower odds of reporting high information provision (aOR 0.14; 95% CI 0.09 to 0.23). Seven of eight abortion outcomes showed no differences; pharmacy clients had lower odds of knowing what to do if an adverse event occurred (aOR 0.45; 95% CI 0.23 to 0.82).ConclusionsIn Bangladesh, there is no difference in client-reported quality of medication abortion care between health facilities and pharmacies for the majority of quality and outcome indicators. However, information provision and preparedness were higher quality at facilities, while pharmacies were more affordable.
Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: a 5-year retrospective review of cases in a tertiary centre in Dublin, Ireland
Authors: Houlihan Elaine , Ryan Katherine , Mannion Jennifer , Hennessy Grace , Dunne Barbara , Connolly Elizabeth , O'Connell Brian 
Published: September 2023

AimsIdiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare, benign, inflammatory breast disorder of unknown aetiology usually affecting women of reproductive age. It classically presents as a unilateral painful breast mass. It is frequently mistaken for carcinoma or other inflammatory breast diseases. Diagnostic investigations include clinical examination, appropriate imaging and tissue sampling. A link between IGM and infection with theCorynebacteriumspecies in particularCorynebacterium kroppenstedtiihas been described.MethodsA retrospective single-centre cohort study was conducted over a 5-year period (2017–2022); all cases of IGM were identified.ResultsForty-one patients were diagnosed with IGM. Breast lump was the most common presenting complaint (n=29). The average age was 45 years. Eighteen patients had samples sent for culture and sensitivity, 11 of which had positive microbiology results indicative ofCorynebacteriumspp infection.An 82% resolution rate (27 of 33) was recorded in those who received either a short-antibiotic course or none at all. Eight patients reported persistent disease at 3 months, five of which had evidence ofCorynebacteriumspp.DiscussionThis 5-year review highlights the impact of IGM in a tertiary centre in Dublin, Ireland. Although no treatment guidelines exist, options include antibiotics, immunomodulators and surgery. Due to risk of fistulae and unfavourable cosmetic outcomes, surgery should be reserved for refractory IGM. We suspect that there may be a subset of patients where prolonged antibiotic therapy should be considered. Defining this subgroup requires further study, but likely includes those with cystic neutrophilic granulomatous mastitis, relapsing disease and in whomCorynebacteriumspp is recovered.
Social determinants of ethnic disparities in SARS-CoV-2 infection: UK Biobank SARS-CoV-2 Serology Study
Authors: Omiyale Wemimo , Holliday Jo , Doherty Nicola , Callen Howard , Wood Natasha , Horn Edward , Burnett Frances , Young Allen , Lewington Sarah , Fry Dan , Bešević Jelena , Conroy Megan , Sheard Simon , Feng Qi , Welsh Samantha , Effingham Mark , Young Alan , Collins Rory , Lacey Ben , Allen Naomi 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundThe social determinants of ethnic disparities in risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first wave of the pandemic in the UK remain unclear.MethodsIn May 2020, a total of 20 195 adults were recruited from the general population into the UK Biobank SARS-CoV-2 Serology Study. Between mid-May and mid-November 2020, participants provided monthly blood samples. At the end of the study, participants completed a questionnaire on social factors during different periods of the pandemic. Logistic regression yielded ORs for the association between ethnicity and SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G antibodies (indicating prior infection) using blood samples collected in July 2020, immediately after the first wave.ResultsAfter exclusions, 14 571 participants (mean age 56; 58% women) returned a blood sample in July, of whom 997 (7%) had SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Seropositivity was strongly related to ethnicity: compared with those of White ethnicity, ORs (adjusted for age and sex) for Black, South Asian, Chinese, Mixed and Other ethnic groups were 2.66 (95% CI 1.94–3.60), 1.66 (1.15–2.34), 0.99 (0.42–1.99), 1.42 (1.03–1.91) and 1.79 (1.27–2.47), respectively. Additional adjustment for social factors reduced the overall likelihood ratio statistics for ethnicity by two-thirds (67%; mostly from occupational factors and UK region of residence); more precise measurement of social factors may have further reduced the association.ConclusionsThis study identifies social factors that are likely to account for much of the ethnic disparities in SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first wave in the UK, and highlights the particular relevance of occupation and residential region in the pathway between ethnicity and SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Predictive value of metabolic profiling in cardiovascular risk scores: analysis of 75 000 adults in UK Biobank
Authors: Jin Danyao , Trichia Eirini , Islam Nazrul , Lewington Sarah , Lacey Ben 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundMetabolic profiling (the extensive measurement of circulating metabolites across multiple biological pathways) is increasingly employed in clinical care. However, there is little evidence on the benefit of metabolic profiling as compared with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk scores.MethodsUK Biobank is a prospective study of 0.5 million participants, aged 40–69 at recruitment. Analyses were restricted to 74 780 participants with metabolic profiling (measured using nuclear magnetic resonance) and without CVD at baseline. Cox regression was used to compare model performance before and after addition of metabolites to QRISK3 (an established CVD risk score used in primary care in England); analyses derived three models, with metabolites selected by association significance or by employing two different machine learning approaches.ResultsWe identified 5097 incident CVD events within the 10-year follow-up. Harrell’s C-index of QRISK3 was 0.750 (95% CI 0.739 to 0.763) for women and 0.706 (95% CI 0.696 to 0.716) for men. Adding selected metabolites did not significantly improve measures of discrimination in women (Harrell’s C-index of three models are 0.759 (0.747 to 0.772), 0.759 (0.746 to 0.770) and 0.759 (0.748 to 0.771), respectively) or men (0.710 (0.701 to 0.720), 0.710 (0.700 to 0.719) and 0.710 (0.701 to 0.719), respectively), and neither did it improve reclassification or calibration.ConclusionThis large-scale study applied both conventional and machine learning approaches to assess the potential benefit of metabolic profiling to well-established CVD risk scores. However, there was no evidence that metabolic profiling improved CVD risk prediction in this population.
Global taxation of electronic nicotine and non-nicotine delivery systems: a cross-country evaluation
Authors: Dauchy Estelle , Fuss Caroline 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundTaxation is a key component of tobacco products’ regulation given its proven effectiveness to generate revenue and achieve public health goals. The diversity of the market for e-cigarettes (electronic nicotine delivery systems and electronic non-nicotine delivery systems, ENDS/ENNDS) complicates comparative analyses per unit, thus challenging efforts to assess countries’ excise tax burdens for e-cigarettes. Further complicating taxes on e-cigarettes is the necessity to balance two public health priorities: (1) deterring initiation among people who have never smoked, and (2) supporting cessation efforts among people currently smoking or who previously smoked. This study evaluates and compares excise tax burdens and tax system characteristics of e-cigarettes across 54 countries.MethodsTo determine countries’ excise tax burdens per millilitre of e-liquid, we collect a unique database of tax characteristics and prices in countries where ENDS/ENNDS are currently sold. We calculate the excise tax per millilitre of e-liquid and convert e-liquid prices to a comparable price per millilitre across countries.ResultsThirty countries employ a specific excise system, 10 apply an ad valorem system, 9 apply a tiered specific system, 1 applies a tiered ad valorem system and 4 apply a mixed tax system. The excise tax burden is highest in Belarus (87.2%, specific), Norway (81.2%, tiered specific) and Egypt (74.7%, mixed), and lowest in Costa Rica (7.4%, ad valorem), Paraguay (2.9%, ad valorem) and Croatia (0%, specific).ConclusionThe advantages of one tax system over another are context specific. Tax burdens tend to be much larger in countries that use a specific tax than in countries that use a value-based (ad valorem) tax.
Pantheon+ tomography and Hubble tension
Authors: Wang Deng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe recently released Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) sample, Pantheon+, is an updated version of Pantheon and has very important cosmological implications. To explore the origin of the enhanced constraining power and internal correlations of datasets in different redshifts, we perform a comprehensively tomographic analysis of the Pantheon+ sample without and with the Cepheid host distance calibration, respectively. Specifically, we take two binning methods to analyze the Pantheon+ sample, i.e., equal redshift interval and equal supernovae number for each bin. For the case of equal redshift interval, after dividing the sample to 10 bins, the first bin in the redshift range$$z\in [0.00122, \, 0.227235]$$z∈[0.00122,0.227235]dominates the constraining power of the whole sample. For the case of equal supernovae number, the first three low redshift bins prefer a large matter fraction$$\Omega _m$$Ωmand only the sixth bin gives a relatively low cosmic expansion rate$$H_0$$H0. For both binning methods, we find no obvious evidence of evolution of$$H_0$$H0and$$\Omega _m$$Ωmat the$$2\,\sigma $$2σconfidence level. The inclusion of the SH0ES calibration can significantly compress the parameter space of background dynamics of the universe in each bin. When not considering the calibration, combining the Pantheon+ sample with cosmic microwave background, baryon acoustic oscillations, cosmic chronometers, galaxy clustering and weak lensing data, we give the strongest$$1\,\sigma $$1σconstraint$$H_0=67.88\pm 0.42$$H0=67.88±0.42km$$\hbox {s}^{-1}$$s-1$$\hbox {Mpc}^{-1}$$Mpc-1. However, the addition of the calibration leads to a global shift of the parameter space from the combined constraint and$$H_0=68.66\pm 0.42$$H0=68.66±0.42km$$\hbox {s}^{-1}$$s-1$$\hbox {Mpc}^{-1}$$Mpc-1, which is inconsistent with the Planck-2018 result at about$$2\,\sigma $$2σconfidence level.
Low-Grade Uterine Leiomyosarcoma Is Highly Sensitive to Hormonal Treatment
Authors: Sanfilippo Roberta , Sbaraglia Marta , Fabbroni Chiara , Croce Sabrina , Ray-Coquard Isabelle , Guermazi Fatma , Paolini Biagio , Blanc-Durand Félix , Lecesne Axel , Chiappa Valentina , Dei Tos Angelo Paolo , Casali Paolo Giovanni 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
According to the World Health Organization classification system, uterine leiomyosarcomas (ULMS) are high-grade. A diagnosis of smooth-muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP) is made when Stanford Criteria for ULMS are not met. When a STUMP recurs, the tumor is diagnosed as ULMS and medical treatment is the same as for ULMS. In recent years, some sarcoma centers valued the less aggressive clinical behavior of several recurring STUMP and, given their expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors, started to treat them with hormonal therapy.

Experimental Design:
This was a retrospective cohort analysis conducted at three referral centers joining the Leiomyosarcoma Foundation Roundtable. We selected all cases of uterine smooth muscle tumors consistent with STUMP and treated with hormonal therapy.

Results:
27 consecutive patients were identified. Median age at diagnosis was 43 years. Stage was IA-IB in more than 70% of patients. In these patients, median time to relapse was 62 months. Sites of first relapses were mostly pelvis and peritoneum (76%). After a median follow-up of 49 months, 14 patients (52%) had a partial response while 10 (37%) had a minor response or stable disease. Median time to progression was not reached.

Conclusions:
We observed a response or long-term stability rate on hormonal therapy in the 90% range; in all cases the time to relapse was significantly longer than in ULMS and in most cases the relapse was abdominal. On the basis of these findings, we conclude that a proportion of patients with uterine smooth muscle neoplasms actually present with a “low-grade ULMS.”
Modernizing Sculpture: Print Culture and the New Discourse on Sculpture in China, circa 1880–1929
Authors: Yan Keyu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Much of the current scholarship on the art of China in the 1910s and 1920s focuses on artworks, art academies, and art groups that were associated either with traditional Chinese painting (guohua 國畫) or with oil painting (youhua 油畫). By contrast, other mediums such as sculpture have rarely been discussed by scholars of modern Chinese art. Similar to guohua, the association of which with lofty literati values and imperial eras was hotly debated at the beginning of the Republic of China (1912–1949), the art of sculpture – a category that has long been considered as funerary art, craft, or decorative art – and its relevance to modern China was also discussed by artists and intellectuals at that time. In early twentieth-century China, sculpture eventually gained a new status within the fine arts. This article argues that one important factor that promoted the changing perception of sculpture in the public sphere was the blossoming print culture and its connections with photography and exhibitions in Republican China. Print materials such as newspapers, newspaper supplements, pictorial magazines, and exhibition catalogs/pamphlets promoted the process of modernizing sculpture.
Was There a Military Collapse in the Late Yuan?
Authors: Ha Yiming 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper reexamines the Yuan’s military response to the Red Turban Rebellion between late 1351 and early 1355. It argues that up until 1355, the Yuan’s military garrisons remained intact and successfully bore the brunt of the fighting. Mercenaries and militias were used to augment, rather than replace, garrison forces, and they played a mostly secondary role as support for the garrisons. However, this force collapsed in 1355 with Toghto’s dismissal. This was due to an institutional shift in the Yuan where military power devolved into the hands of powerful prime ministers, without whom the garrisons could not function properly. This paper thus revises the view of the Yuan military as having collapsed completely at the onset of the Red Turban Rebellion, while also shedding more light on the growing power of the prime ministers in the Late Yuan and its effect on the military.
Measurements and Model Improvement: Insight into NWP Model Error Using Doppler Lidar and Other WFIP2 Measurement Systems
Authors: Banta Robert M. , Pichugina Yelena L. , Brewer W. Alan , Balmes Kelly A. , Adler Bianca , Sedlar Joseph , Darby Lisa S. , Turner David D. , Kenyon Jaymes S. , Strobach Edward J. , Carroll Brian J. , Sharp Justin , Stoelinga Mark T. , Cline Joel , Fernando Harindra J. S. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Doppler-lidar wind-profile measurements at three sites were used to evaluate NWP model errors from two versions of NOAA’s 3-km-grid HRRR model, to see whether updates in the latest version 4 reduced errors when compared against the original version 1. Nested (750-m grid) versions of each were also tested to see how grid spacing affected forecast skill. The measurements were part of the field phase of the Second Wind Forecasting Improvement Project (WFIP2), an 18-month deployment into central Oregon–Washington, a major wind-energy-producing region. This study focuses on errors in simulating marine intrusions, a summertime, 600–800-m-deep, regional sea-breeze flow found to generate large errors. HRRR errors proved to be complex and site dependent. The most prominent error resulted from a premature drop in modeled marine-intrusion wind speeds after local midnight, when lidar-measured winds of greater than 8 m s−1 persisted through the next morning. These large negative errors were offset at low levels by positive errors due to excessive mixing, complicating the interpretation of model “improvement,” such that the updates to the full-scale versions produced mixed results, sometimes enhancing but sometimes degrading model skill. Nesting consistently improved model performance, with version 1’s nest producing the smallest errors overall. HRRR’s ability to represent the stages of sea-breeze forcing was evaluated using radiation budget, surface-energy balance, and near-surface temperature measurements available during WFIP2. The significant site-to-site differences in model error and the complex nature of these errors mean that field-measurement campaigns having dense arrays of profiling sensors are necessary to properly diagnose and characterize model errors, as part of a systematic approach to NWP model improvement.

Significance Statement
Dramatic increases in NWP model skill will be required over the coming decades. This paper describes the role of major deployments of accurate profiling sensors in achieving that goal and presents an example from the Second Wind Forecast Improvement Program (WFIP2). Wind-profile data from scanning Doppler lidars were used to evaluate two versions of HRRR, the original and an updated version, and nested versions of each. This study focuses on the ability of updated HRRR versions to improve upon predicting a regional sea-breeze flow, which was found to generate large errors by the original HRRR. Updates to the full-scale HRRR versions produced mixed results, but the finer-mesh versions consistently reduced model errors.