bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Head pleomorphic sarcoma showing murine double minute 2 amplification without a well‐differentiated liposarcoma component in a pediatric patient
Authors: Akaihata Mitsuko , Takahashi Ikuko , Kakuda Yuko , Kawata Takuya , Mukaigawa Takashi , Onitsuka Testuro , Murayama Shigeyuki , Ishida Yuji 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundMurine double minute 2 (MDM2) is an oncogene that inhibits p53, leading to decreased apoptosis. Sarcomas showing MDM2 amplification are rare among pediatric patients.CaseA 14‐year‐old boy presented with pleomorphic sarcoma of the head showing MDM2 amplification without a well‐differentiated liposarcoma component. Although chemotherapy was initially performed to reduce the tumor size before surgery, the tumor did not shrink. The patient underwent complete surgical resection. Microscopic examination revealed a positive surgical margin; thus, postoperative proton‐beam radiotherapy was performed. 3 years after the therapy, no sign of recurrence was observed.ConclusionMacroscopic surgical resection combined with adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy was effective against MDM2‐amplified pleomorphic sarcoma refractory to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in a pediatric patient.
Perceptions and experiences with eating disorder treatment in the first year of COVID‐19: A longitudinal qualitative analysis
Authors: Goode Rachel W. , Godoy Sarah M. , Wolfe Hannah , Olson Katie , Agbozo Bridgette , Mueller Abigail , Noem Taylor , Malian Hannah , Peat Christine M. , Watson Hunna , Thornton Laura M. , Gwira Rebecca , Bulik Cynthia M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe COVID‐19 pandemic created significant challenges in accessing and receiving treatment for individuals with eating disorders (EDs). The purpose of this study is to explore perceptions of and experiences with ED treatment during the first year of the pandemic among individuals with past and self‐reported EDs in the United States.MethodsOnline surveys were administered to adults (N = 510) with a past or current self‐reported ED at 13 timepoints between April 2020 and May 2021. Using longitudinal qualitative analysis, 5651 free‐text responses were examined to capture experiences with ED treatment and generate inferences of change over time.ResultsWe categorized results into four sequential, temporal quarters and identified patterns that explained participants' perceptions of facilitators, barriers, and experiences with ED treatment over time: Quarter 1. Treatment Disruption and Reorienting Recovery; Quarter 2. Accumulating COVID‐19 Stress and Virtual Treatment Woes; Quarter 3. A Continuation of Inadequate Care; and Quarter 4. Ongoing Adaptation and Adjustment to Uncertainty. Participant experiences were marked by numerous barriers to accessing care, challenges adjusting to virtual treatment, unmet treatment needs, and beginning acceptance of telehealth.DiscussionOur findings present a timeline to help evaluate challenges related to navigating the switch to virtual care which created significant disruption to ED recovery. Participants spent much of the first year trying to adjust to unemployment, loss of insurance, and lack of access to in‐person treatment. Future research should identify additional strategies to improve the receipt and experience of care for EDs.Public SignificanceOur findings suggest that individuals with eating disorders were significantly challenged by accumulating COVID‐19 stress, worsening symptomatology, and limited access to effective treatment during the first year of the pandemic. This knowledge can guide clinicians, treatment centers, and policy makers in addressing the behavioral health needs of individuals impacted by disordered eating amidst emergent public health crises.
Measuring stability in ecological systems without static equilibria
Authors: Clark Adam Thomas , Mühlbauer Lina K. , Hillebrand Helmut , Karakoç Canan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEcological stability refers to a range of concepts used to quantify how species and environments change over time and in response to disturbances. Most empirically tractable ecological stability metrics assume that systems have simple dynamics and static equilibria. However, ecological systems are typically complex and often lack static equilibria (e.g., predator–prey oscillations, transient dynamics, chaos). Failing to account for these factors can lead to biased estimates of stability, in particular, by conflating effects of observation error, process noise, and underlying deterministic dynamics. To distinguish among these processes, we combine three existing approaches: state space models; delay embedding methods; and particle filtering. Jointly, these provide something akin to a deterministically “detrended” version of the coefficient of variation, separately tracking variability due to deterministic dynamics versus stochastic perturbations. Moreover, these variability estimates can be used to forecast dynamics, classify underlying sources of stochastic dynamics, and estimate the “exit time” before a state change takes place (e.g., local extinction events). Importantly, the time‐delay embedding methods that we employ make very few assumptions about the functions governing deterministic dynamics, which facilitates applications in systems with limited data and a priori biological knowledge. To demonstrate how complex dynamics without static equilibria can bias ecological stability estimates, we analyze simulated time series of abundance dynamics in a system with time‐varying carrying capacity and empirically observed abundance dynamics of the green algae Chlamydomonas terricola grown in a diverse microcosm mixture under variable temperature conditions. We show that stability estimates based on raw observations greatly overestimate temporal variability and fail to accurately forecast time to extinction. In contrast, joint application of state space modeling, delay embedding, and particle filters were able to: (1) correctly quantify the contributions of deterministic versus stochastic variability; (2) successfully estimate “true” abundance dynamics; and (3) correctly forecast time to extinction. Our results therefore demonstrate the importance of accounting for effects of complex, nonstatic dynamics in studies of ecological stability and provide an empirically tractable and flexible toolkit for conducting these measurements.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Site‐Selective C(sp2)−H Acetoxylation of Tyrosine‐Containing Peptides
Authors: Urruzuno Iñaki , Andrade‐Sampedro Paula , Correa Arkaitz 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA Pd‐catalyzed C(sp2)−H acetoxylation of Tyr‐containing peptides is described. The method relies on the use of a removable 2‐pyridyloxy group as directing group and is distinguished by its reliable scalability and easily tuned regioselectivity to perform mono‐ and diacetoxylation reactions. Remarkably, the assembly of L–DOPA peptidomimetics is beyond reach upon cleavage of the directing group.
Deep adaptation ofCNNin Chinese named entity recognition
Authors: Lv Yana , Qin Xutong , Du Xiuli , Qiu Shaoming 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNamed entity recognition (NER) is an important task in the field of natural language processing, but it is more challenging in Chinese because of the lack of natural delimiters. The traditional character‐based Chinese NER model directly uses long short‐term memory (LSTM), gated recurrent units, and other sequence models to extract sentence‐level information from character sequences, resulting in the lack of word‐level information in the model. Therefore, a Chinese NER model called ChineseBERT‐CNNs‐BiLSTM‐CRF was proposed, which uses the ChineseBERT pretrained model as the embedding layer so that the vector representation of each Chinese character contained pinyin, glyph, and conventional character information. In addition, a CNN‐based neural network structure called CNNs was presented to extract word‐level information from character sequences and alleviate the problem of entity boundary recognition. BiLSTM was used to extract global features (i.e., sentence‐level information) and predict the corresponding labels of character sequences. Further, conditional random field (CRF) was employed to impose certain rules on the prediction of BiLSTM to enhance the recognition effect of the model. The experimental results revealed that the F1 values of the model on MSRA, people's Daily, and Weibo datasets reached 95.76, 96.61, and 70.00%, respectively, highlighting the effectiveness of the model.
Global Spatial Distribution of Hack's Law Exponent on Mars and its Early Climate
Authors: Luo Wei , Howard Alan D , Craddock Robert A. , Oliveira Erneson E , Pires Rilder 
Published: December 2022

Widespread valley networks (VNs) on Mars and other evidence point to an
early warm and wet climate. However, ongoing debates still exist about
VN’s formation processes and associated climatic conditions. The power
law relationship between basin length and area (Hack’s Law) can be
diagnostic of different fluvial processes related to climatic
conditions. Past studies of Hack’s Law on Mars at local sites have
produced inconclusive results. Here we used a parameter-free method to
delineate watersheds globally on Mars based on mapped VNs and extracted
their Hack’s Law exponent (h). The majority of h values on
Mars are similar to those in arid areas on Earth, implying similar
runoff processes and arid conditions for VN formation on early Mars.
Statistical analyses show that the spatial distribution of h on
Mars is not random, but with a few clustered high and low values, likely
controlled by local conditions (e.g., slope or structures).
A unified time discontinuous Galerkin space‐time finite element scheme for non‐Newtonian power law models
Authors: Toulopoulos Ioannis 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this work, a stabilized time Discontinuous Galerkin, Space‐Time Finite Element (tDG‐ST‐FE) scheme is presented for discretizing time‐dependent viscous shear‐thinning fluid flow models, which exhibit a usual power‐law stress strain relation. The development of the proposed numerical scheme based mainly on a unified weak space‐time formulation, where simple streamline‐upwind terms have been added in the numerical scheme, for stabilizing the discretization of the associated temporal and convective terms. The original time interval is partitioned into time subintervals, resulting in a subdivision of the space‐time cylinder into space‐time subdomains. Discontinuous Galerkin techniques are applied for the time discretization between the space‐time subdomain interfaces. A stability bound is given for the derived ST‐FE scheme. In the last part numerical examples on benchmark problems are presented for testing the efficiency of the proposed method.
Building forward better—An exploration of nutrition practices, food choice, and coping behaviors among Kenyan adolescents during COVID‐19: Experiences and program implications
Authors: Kavle Justine A. , Codjia Patrick , Gathi Constance , Ahoya Brenda , Ramirez Lacey , Katua Stacy , Mugo Florence , Kiige Laura 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis implementation research study sought to examine the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on adolescent nutrition practices and related behaviors in Nairobi and Uasin Gishu Counties, Kenya. Eight focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with adolescents 10–19 years of age, in‐depth interviews with 10 health facility providers, and a combination of FGDs (n‐4) and key informant interviews with government stakeholder and implementing partners (n = 9). During the pandemic, adolescents tended to avoid commonly consumed junk foods, in favor of “immune boosting, protective” foods. Widespread unemployment and reductions in parental income rendered some food items such as meat, eggs, and fruits unaffordable for families of adolescents. Adolescents relayed experiences of skipping meals and reducing the amount and variety of foods consumed. Adolescents also described employing strategies such as working in the informal sector and selling personal items to support families financially, in response to rising food insecurity. School closures mandated during the pandemic likely contributed to reductions in overall physical activity. To improve the diets of adolescents, programs should build on the healthy mindset brought on by the pandemic, while strengthening, targeting, and improving access to social protection measures and agricultural initiatives for vulnerable families with adolescents to cushion them from rising food insecurity as an effect of COVID‐19. Building practical adolescent life skills to encourage healthy nutrition actions will also be key to building forward from the COVID‐19 pandemic in Kenya.
Development of a smart spectral analysis method for the determination of mulberry (Morus alba var. nigra L.) juice quality parameters using FT‐IR spectroscopy
Authors: Soltanikazemi Maryam , Abdanan Mehdizadeh Saman , Heydari Mokhtar , Faregh Seyed Mojtaba 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRecently, the application of Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy as a noninvasive technique combined with chemometric methods has been widely noted for quality evaluation of agricultural products. Mulberry (Morus alba var. nigra L.) is a native fruit of Iran and there is limited information about its quality characteristics. The present study aims at assessing a nondestructive optical method for determining the internal quality of mulberry juice. To do so, first, FT‐IR spectra were acquired in the spectral range 1000–8333 nm. Then, the principal component analysis (PCA) was used to extract the principal components (PCs) which were given as inputs to three predictive models (support vector regression (SVR), partial least square (PLS), and artificial neural network (ANN)) to predict the internal parameters of the mulberry juice. The performance of predictive models showed that SVR got better results for the prediction of ascorbic acid (R2 = .84, RMSE = 0.29), acidity (R2 = .71, RMSE = 0.0004), phenol (R2 = .35, RMSE = 0.19), total anthocyanin (R2 = .93, RMSE = 5.85), and browning (R2 = .89, RMSE = 0.062) compared to PLS and ANN. However, the ANN predicted the parameters TSS (R2 = .98, RMSE = 0.003) and pH (R2 = .99, RMSE = 0.0009) better than the other two models. The results indicated that a good prediction performance was obtained using the FT‐IR technique along with SVR and this method could be easily adapted to detect the quality parameters of mulberry juice.
Modelling sediment trapping in vegetative filter strips on steep slopes
Authors: Wu Songbai , Chui Ting Fong May , Chen Li , Chow Chun Hon Christopher 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe slope effects on sediment trapping process in vegetative filter strips (VFS) are usually neglected in current modelling practices for VFS operation, which hamper the VFS design and performance evaluation, especially on steep slopes. To fill the knowledge gap, 12 laboratory experiments of sediment trapping in VFS were conducted with three different inflow discharge (80, 100, and 120 ml s−1) and four slope angles (5,10, 15, and 20°). The experimental results show that, on steep slopes (10, 15, and 20°), a part of trapped sediment particles in VFS can be eroded again and then dragged to the downstream as bed load, whilst they do not move on gentle slope (5°). To describe the complex processes, a simple and effective modelling framework was developed for sloped VFS by coupling the slope infiltration, runoff, and modified sediment transport model. The model was tested against the experimental results and good agreements between the modelled and observed results were found in both runoff and sediment transport processes for all cases. On steep slopes, the sediment trapping performance of VFS decreases significantly because the erosion of deposited sediment particles can account for more than 60% of the sediment load in the outflow. The slope effect on sediment trapping efficiency of VFS varies greatly with soil, VFS, and slope properties. The model was compared with previous sediment transport equation and found that both methods can satisfactorily predict the sediment trapping of VFS on gentle slopes, but previous sediment transport equation is likely to overestimate the sediment trapping efficiency in VFS on steep slopes. This model is expected to provide a more realistic and accurate method for predicting runoff and sediment reduction in VFS on sloping surfaces.
Changes in bark properties and hydrology following prescribed fire in Pinus taeda and Quercus montana
Authors: Siegert Courtney , Ilek Anna , Wade Adam , Schweitzer Callie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the eastern United States, the use of prescribed fire as a silvicultural technique to manage for desirable upland tree species is increasing in popularity. Bark physical properties such as thickness, density, and porosity have known associations with fire tolerance among species. These physical properties simultaneously influence rainfall interception and canopy storage and thus are of interest across a range of disciplines. Furthermore, while these characteristics are innate to a species, it is unknown whether repeated exposure to fire facilitates physical change in bark structure and whether these changes are consistent among species. To answer these questions, bark samples were collected from mature pine (Pinus taeda L.) and oak (Quercus montana Willd.) trees from sites across the Bankhead National Forest in Alabama, USA under three different burn regimes: 3‐year cycle, 9‐year cycle, and no fire. Samples were analysed in the laboratory for bulk density, porosity, water storage capacity, and hygroscopicity (the amount of atmospheric water vapour absorbed by bark during non‐rainfall conditions). Drying rates of saturated samples under simulated wetting conditions were also assessed. Oak bark had higher bulk density, lower porosity, and dried slower than pine bark. Interestingly, bark from both species had lower bulk density, higher porosity, greater water storage capacity, and dried faster in stands that were burned every 3 years compared to other fire regimes (p < 0.001). In summary, this study demonstrates that prescribed fire regimes in an eastern US forest alter bark structure and thus influence individual tree control on hydrological processes. The increase in bark water storage capacity, coupled with faster bark evaporation times may lead to less water inputs to the forest floor and drier overall conditions. Further investigation of this fire‐bark‐water feedback loop is necessary to understand the extent of these mechanisms controlling landscape‐scale conditions.
Determinants of farmers' choice to use irrigation systems: The case of northern Ethiopia
Authors: Gebrekidan Berhe Girmay , Abbay Aradom Gebrekidan , Azadi Hossein , Viira Ants‐Hannes , Tanaskovik Vjekoslav , Janeska Stamenkovska Ivana , Nacka Marina , Scheffran Jürgen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractClimate change is thought to be having a negative impact on Africa's agricultural industry. Smallholder farmers who depend heavily on agriculture are more severely affected by climate change. Droughts and the depletion of water resources are two examples of how climate change affects production. Therefore, it is necessary to take steps to reduce the negative effects of climate change in Ethiopia on smallholder farmers in particular and agriculture in general. Therefore, the purpose of this analysis was to identify the factors that affect the increase in irrigation efficiency among farmers in northern Ethiopia. A total of 194 farmers were picked at random and questioned using semi‐structured questionnaires. Out of the 18 explanatory variables hypothesized to analyse the preference of farmers for using irrigation in the study area, only 13 were considered important. Of these 13 significant explanatory variables, 4 including health status, labour force members, availability of labour and perception of the advantage of using agricultural inputs were statistically significant with farmers' choice of irrigation.
A novel lipid droplets‐targeting fluorescent probe based on dicyanisophorone and carbazole for Cu2+ and its application
Authors: Cui Yuanyuan , Meng Yaoyang , Hu Yun , Chen Yuqi , Yang Yixian , Fang Min , Li Cun , Zhu Weiju 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA novel fluorescent probe, LCH, based on dicyanisophorone and carbazole, was prepared for the visual detection of Cu2+. The probe LCH could recognize Cu2+ by fluorescence quenching in EtOH/H2O (1/4, v/v) solution, which could be easily identified under the 365 nm UV lamp, and the detection limit was as low as 0.785 μM. The recognition mechanism of probe LCH with Cu2+ was determined by combining 1H NMR titration, MS, and theoretical calculations. Practical application experiments showed that probe LCH could be used to detect Cu2+ in the test strip experiments. Cell imaging experiments showed that the probe LCH owned good cell permeability and could be applied to the imaging of Cu2+ in HepG2 cells. In addition, fluorescence colocalization experiments showed that LCH could target lipid droplets. These results indicate that the probe LCH will have a good application prospect in environmental detection and clinical medicine.
A DFT‐based study of the hydrogen‐bonding interactions between epicatechin and methanol/water
Authors: Liu Qifan , Xiao Kelaiti , Abulimiti Bumaliya , Xiang Mei , Wang Danqi , An Han , Zheng Jingyan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTea polyphenols are essential components that give tea its medicinal properties. Methanol and water are frequently used as solvents in the extraction of polyphenols. Hydrogen‐bonding interactions are significant in the extraction reaction. Density functional theory (DFT) techniques were used to conduct a theoretical investigation on the hydrogen‐bonding interactions between methanol or water and epicatechin, an abundant polyphenol found in tea. After first analyzing the epicatechin monomer's molecular geometry and charge characteristics, nine stable epicatechin (EC) H2O/CH2OH complex geometries were discovered. The presence of hydrogen bonding in these improved structures has been proven. The calculated hydrogen bond structures are very stable, among which the hydrogen bond bonded with a hydroxyl group has higher stability. The nine complex structures’ hydrogen bonds were thought to represent closed‐shell‐type interactions. The interaction energy with 30O‐31H on the epicatechin benzene ring is the strongest in the hydrogen bond structure. While the other hydrogen bonds were weak in strength and mostly had an electrostatic nature, the hydrogen bonds between the oxygen atoms in H2O or CH2OH and the hydrogen atoms of the hydroxyl groups in epicatechin were of moderate strength and had a covalent character. Comparing the changes in the hydrogen bond structure vibration peak, the main change in concentration peak is the hydrogen bond vibration peak in the complex. Improved the study on the hydrogen bond properties of CH2OH and H2O of EC.
High‐pressure infrared spectroscopy of ionic liquids mixed with Tween 80
Authors: Chang Hai‐Chou , Chien Han‐Hui , Huang Zhi‐Jie , Huang Zheng‐Yuan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this study, the possibility of using Tween 80 to disturb the microstructures of 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM]BF4) and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM]PF6) was investigated under high pressures. The imidazolioum CH absorptions of pure ionic liquids (ILs) are significantly blue‐shifted under high pressures. However, mild changes in imidazolioum CH stretching frequencies were observed for IL/Tween 80 mixtures. Tween 80 may hinder cations of ILs to form network structures with anions under high pressures via pressure‐enhanced cation‐Tween 80 interactions. Based on the experimental results, Tween 80‐[BMIM]PF6 interactions are more effective in disturbing the local structure of imidazolium CH than Tween 80‐[BMIM]BF4 interactions.