bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine and deep learning approaches to understand and predict habitat suitability for seabird breeding
Authors: Garcia‐Quintas Antonio , Roy Amédée , Barbraud Christophe , Demarcq Hervé , Denis Dennis , Lanco Bertrand Sophie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe way animals select their breeding habitat may have great impacts on individual fitness. This complex process depends on the integration of information on various environmental factors, over a wide range of spatiotemporal scales. For seabirds, breeding habitat selection integrates both land and sea features over several spatial scales. Seabirds explore these features prior to breeding, assessing habitats' quality. However, the information‐gathering and decision‐making process by seabirds when choosing a breeding habitat remains poorly understood. We compiled 49 historical records of larids colonies in Cuba from 1980 to 2020. Then, we predicted potentially suitable breeding sites for larids and assessed their breeding macrohabitat selection, using deep and machine learning algorithms respectively. Using a convolutional neural network and Landsat satellite images we predicted the suitability for nesting of non‐monitored sites of this archipelago. Furthermore, we assessed the relative contribution of 18 land‐ and marine‐based environmental covariates describing macrohabitats at three spatial scales (i.e. 10, 50 and 100 km) using random forests. Convolutional neural network exhibited good performance at training, validation and test (F1‐scores >85%). Sites with higher habitat suitability (p > .75) covered 20.3% of the predicting area. Larids breeding macrohabitats were sites relatively close to main islands, featuring sparse vegetation cover and high chlorophyll‐a concentration at sea in 50 and 100 km around colonies. Lower sea surface temperature at larger spatial scales was determinant to distinguish the breeding from non‐breeding sites. A more comprehensive understanding of the seabird breeding macrohabitats selection can be reached from the complementary use of convolutional neural networks and random forest models. Our analysis provides crucial knowledge in tropical regions that lack complete and regular monitoring of seabirds' breeding sites.
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy caused by Fabry disease: implications for surgical myectomy
Authors: Frustaci Andrea , Borghetti Valentino , Pentiricci Samuele , Verardo Romina , Scialla Rossella , Russo Matteo Antonio 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy can be the phenotype of storage disorders as Fabry disease cardiomyopathy. In this instance, its recognition through GLA gene analysis and preventive administration of enzyme replacement therapy may reduce heart failure risk of surgical septal myectomy (SSM). A 59‐year‐old man was referred for SSM as dyspnoea and low threshold muscle fatigue associated to severe left ventricular outflow obstruction (gradient of 100 mmHg) due to both interventricular septal hypertrophy and mitral leaflet systolic anterior motion were not controlled by metoprolol 100 mg bid. Electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythm and a complete left bundle branch block. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showed a preserved left ventricular (LV) contractility (ejection fraction 70%) but failed to reveal reduced T1 mapping and fibrosis of postero‐lateral LV wall suggesting Fabry disease cardiomyopathy. Cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography documented increased LV end‐diastolic pressure but normal coronary arteries. SSM was followed by acute renal and heart failure with left ventricular ejection fraction declining to 35%. Histology of SSM showed regularly arranged severely enlarged cardiomyocytes containing extensive vacuoles that were intensely positive to immunofluorescence with anti‐Gb3 antibodies and appeared at electron microscopy to consist of myelin bodies suggesting the diagnosis of FD. This entity was confirmed by low blood levels of alpha‐galactosidase A (0.8 nmol/mL/h; NV > 1), high values of Lyso‐Gb3 (5.85 nmol/L; NV < 2.3), and the presence of the pathogenic mutation c.644A>G in the exon 5 of GLA gene. This study emphasizes the importance of a genetic screening for FD before SSM be considered for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.
Effects of repeated frying on physicochemical characteristics, oxidative stress, and free radical scavenging potential of canola oil and ghee
Authors: Nawaz Haq , Zafar Nadia , Jabeen Raheela , Amjad Adnan , Shah Mohibullah , Munir Saba 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe repeated use of cooking oils and ghee for the deep frying of food materials may affect their nutritional quality. The present study evaluated the effect of repeated frying on the physicochemical characteristics and antiradical potential of canola oil and ghee. The oil and ghee were used for frying of fish and chicken for 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 frying cycles followed by the analysis of physicochemical, oxidative stress, and antiradical parameters. Regression analysis of the data showed a frying cycle‐dependent significant linear increase in saponification (R2 = 0.9507–0.9748), peroxide and acid values (R2 = 0.956–0.9915), and malondialdehyde (MDA) production (R2 = 0.9058–0.9557) of canola oil and ghee subjected to fish and chicken frying but exponential increase in saponification value (R2 = 0.9778) and MDA production (R2 = 0.7407) of canola oil and ghee used for fish frying. The increase in the number of frying cycles linearly decreased the iodine value (R2 = 0.9781–0.9924), and 1, 1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl, and 2, 2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) radical scavenging potential (R2 = 0.9089–0.9979) of canola oil and ghee. Repeated frying in cooking oil and ghee increases oxidative stress and decreases their physicochemical and antioxidant qualities. Canola oil was comparatively more oxidative resistant than canola ghee. The regression equations derived from regression analysis will guide researchers to conduct similar types of univariate studies.
Efficacy of thermal ablation for treatment of biopsy‐confirmed high‐grade cervical precancer among women living with HIV in Kenya
Authors: Mungo Chemtai , Osongo Cirilus Ogollah , Ambaka Jeniffer , Omoto Jackton , Cohen Craig R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe World Health Organization recommends thermal ablation (TA) as an alternative to cryotherapy within “screen‐and‐treat” cervical cancer programs in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), including among women living with HIV (WLWH). Data on TA efficacy among WLWH are limited, however. We conducted a clinical trial to evaluate efficacy of TA for treatment of biopsy‐confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2 and 3 (CIN2/3) among WLWH in Kenya. Nonpregnant HPV‐positive WLWH age 25 to 65 years underwent colposcopy‐directed biopsy, and same‐day treatment with TA, if eligible. Women with biopsy‐confirmed CIN2/3 at baseline had colposcopy‐directed biopsies at 12 months to determine cure. A total of 376 participants underwent TA during the study period. At baseline, 238 (63.3%) had normal histology, 39 (10.4%) had CIN1, 15 (4.0%) had CIN2, 55 (14.6%) had CIN3, 7 (1.9%) had microinvasive cancer and 22 (5.6%) had indeterminate results. Twelve‐month follow‐up pathology results are available for 59 of 70 (84.3%) participants with CIN2/3 at baseline. Of these, 39 (66.1%, 95% CI 0.54‐0.99) had successful treatment, defined as biopsy‐confirmed CIN1 or normal findings, while 20 (33.9%, 95% CI 0.22‐0.46) had treatment failure, defined as persistent biopsy‐confirmed CIN2 or worse. Treatment failure was 23.1% (95% CI 0.17‐0.46) and 39.9% (95% CI 0.23‐0.51) among women with CIN2 and CIN3 at baseline, respectively. HIV‐positive women with CIN2/3 have high rates of treatment failure at 1‐year following thermal ablation. This highlights a significant limitation in the current WHO cervical cancer secondary‐prevention strategy and calls for strategies to optimize cervical precancer treatment in this population.
An overview of current evaluation methods of postgraduate dental specialty residents
Authors: Ringer Jordan B. , Chapple Andrew G. , Ballard Richard W. , Armbruster Paul C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeA lack of contemporary dental literature exists on evaluating dental residents in postgraduate education, with no standardized criteria or information on technology adoption. This study aims to understand current evaluation methods in dental residency programs and compare them to existing literature.MethodsA survey with 22 questions was sent to program directors of 749 ADA/CODA (American Dental Association/Commission on Dental Accreditation)‐accredited postgraduate dental residencies. The questions focused on evaluation frequency, faculty involvement, submission methods, and electronic software usage.ResultsThe survey response rate was 30.2% (226 responses). Results show that 98% of program directors are involved in evaluations, but require more support from auxiliary faculty. Evaluations are typically submitted twice or four times a year, with 12% of programs wanting increased frequency. Face‐to‐face delivery of feedback is considered crucial. While desktop computers are widely used for evaluation submission, 55% of programs utilize mobile devices, which correlates with higher program director satisfaction. The most popular evaluation software includes New Innovations, MEd Hub, and Qualtrics. Overall, 86.96% of program directors are satisfied with current evaluation practices. Areas needing improvement are non‐program director faculty involvement, resident response/feedback, and software navigation.ConclusionThis study found that a majority of program directors of the postgraduate dental education system are using electronic technology for their resident evaluation systems and are satisfied with their current mechanism of evaluation.
Molecular insight into CREBBP and TANGO2 variants causing intellectual disability
Authors: Hussain Syeda Iqra , Muhammad Nazif , Khan Niamatullah , Khan Mobeen , Fardous Fardous , Tahir Raheel , Yasin Muhammad , Khan Sher Alam , Saleha Shamim , Muhammad Noor , Wasif Naveed , Khan Saadullah 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundIntellectual disability (ID) can be associated with different syndromes such as Rubinstein‐Taybi syndrome (RSTS) and can also be related to conditions such as metabolic encephalomyopathic crises, recurrent,with rhabdomyolysis, cardiac arrhythmias and neurodegeneration. Rare congenital RSTS1 (OMIM 180849) is characterized by mental and growth retardation, significant and duplicated distal phalanges of thumbs and halluces, facial dysmorphisms, and an elevated risk of malignancies. Microdeletions and point mutations in the CREB‐binding protein (CREBBP) gene, located at 16p13.3, have been reported to cause RSTS. By contrast, TANGO2‐related metabolic encephalopathy and arrhythmia (TRMEA) is a rare metabolic condition that causes repeated metabolic crises, hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis, rhabdomyolysis, arrhythmias and encephalopathy with cognitive decline. Clinicians need more clinical and genetic evidence to detect and comprehend the phenotypic spectrum of this disorder.MethodsExome sequencing was used to identify the disease‐causing variants in two affected families A and B from District Kohat and District Karak, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Affected individuals from both families presented symptoms of ID, developmental delay and behavioral abnormalities. The validation and co‐segregation analysis of the filtered variant was carried out using Sanger sequencing.ResultsIn the present study, two families (A and B) exhibiting various forms of IDs were enrolled. In Family A, exome sequencing revealed a novel missense variant (NM 004380.3: c.4571A>G; NP_004371.2: p.Lys1524Arg) in the CREBBP gene, whereas, in Family B, a splice site variant (NM 152906.7: c.605 + 1G>A) in the TANGO2 gene was identified. Sanger sequencing of both variants confirmed their segregation with ID in both families. The in silico tools verified the aberrant changes in the CREBBP protein structure. Wild‐type and mutant CREBBP protein structures were superimposed and conformational changes were observed likely altering the protein function.ConclusionsRSTS and TRMEA are exceedingly rare disorders for which specific clinical characteristics have been clearly established, but more investigations are underway and required. Multicenter studies are needed to increase our understanding of the clinical phenotypes, mainly showing the genotype–phenotype associations.
Classical homocystinuria presenting with transient basal ganglia pathology and dystonia
Authors: Averdunk Luisa , Thimm Eva , Klee Dirk , Haack Tobias B. , Distelmaier Felix 
Published: September 2023

AbstractClassical homocystinuria is caused by pathogenic variants in the CBS gene leading to a deficiency of the vitamin B6‐dependent enzyme cystathionine beta synthase. The disease is typically associated with high blood homocysteine concentrations. Clinical features include developmental delay/intellectual disability, psychiatric problems, thromboembolism, lens dislocation, and marfanoid habitus. We report on a child with classical homocystinuria presenting with acute episodes of dystonia and symmetrical basal ganglia abnormalities mimicking a mitochondrial disease. After starting treatment with vitamin B6, homocysteine levels rapidly normalized and dystonic episodes did not re‐occur. Moreover, brain‐imaging findings almost completely disappeared. The case illustrates that homocystinuria should be considered as a treatable differential diagnosis of dystonia.
Construction and characterization of a new hepatitis C virus genotype 6a subgenomic replicon that is prone to render the sofosbuvir resistance
Authors: Liu Chaolun , Guo Mingzhe , Han Lin , Lu Jie , Xiang Xiaogang , Xie Qing , Nouhin Janin , Duong Veasna , Tong Yimin , Zhong Jin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a challenge to human public health despite the development of highly effective direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs). Sofosbuvir (SOF), a key component in most DAA‐based anti‐HCV cocktail regimens, is a potent viral RNA polymerase (NS5B) inhibitor with a high barrier to drug resistance. The serine‐to‐threonine mutation at NS5B 282 (S282T) confers the SOF resistance, but severely impairs viral replication in most HCV genotypes (GTs) and cannot be stably maintained after the termination of the SOF‐based therapies. In this study, we first developed a new HCV GT‐6a subgenomic replicon PR58D6. Next, we selected SOF‐resistant PR58D6 variants by culturing the replicon cells in the presence of SOF. Interestingly, unlike many other HCV replicons which require additional mutations to compensate for the S282T‐inducing fitness loss, S282T alone in PR58D6 is genetically stable and confers the SOF resistance without significantly impairing viral replication. Furthermore, we showed that amino acid residue at NS5B 74 (R74) and 556 (D556) which are conserved in GT 6a HCV contribute to efficient replication of PR58D6 containing S282T. Finally, we showed that the G556D mutation in NS5B could rescue the replication deficiency of the S282T in JFH1, a GT‐2a replicon. In conclusion, we showed that a novel GT‐6a HCV replicon may easily render SOF resistance, which may call for attention to potential drug resistance during DAA therapies of HCV GT‐6a patients.
Monitoring of plasma Torque teno virus, total Anelloviridae and Human Pegivirus 1 viral load for the prediction of infectious events and acute graft versus host disease in the allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation setting
Authors: Forqué Lorena , Albert Eliseo , Piñana José L. , Pérez Ariadna , Hernani Rafael , Solano Carlos , Navarro David , Giménez Estela 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAnelloviridae and Human Pegivirus 1 (HPgV‐1) blood burden have been postulated to behave as surrogate markers for immunosuppression in transplant recipients. Here, we assessed the potential utility plasma Torque teno virus (TTV), total Anelloviridae (TAV), and HPgV‐1 load monitoring for the identification of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients (allo‐HSCT) at increased risk of infectious events or acute graft versus host disease (aGvHD). In this single‐center, observational study, plasma TTV DNA, TAV DNA, and HPgV‐1 RNA loads were monitored in 75 nonconsecutive allo‐HSCT recipients (median age, 54 years). Monitoring was conducted before at baseline or by days +30, +60, +90, +120, and +180 after transplantation. Pneumonia due to different viruses or Pneumocystis jirovecii, BK polyomavirus‐associated haemorrhagic cystitis (BKPyV‐HC), and Cytomegalovirus DNAemia were the infectious events considered in the current study. Kinetics of plasma TTV, TAV DNA, and HPgV‐1 RNA load was comparable, with though and peak levels measured by days +30 and day +90 (+120 for HPgV‐1). Forty patients (53%) developed one or more infectious events during the first 180 days after allo‐HSCT, whereas 29 patients (39%) had aGvHD (grade II–IV in 18). Neither, TTV, TAV, nor HPgV‐1 loads were predictive of overall infection or CMV DNAemia. A TTV DNA load cut‐off ≥4.40 log10 (pretransplant) and ≥4.58 log10 (baseline) copies/mL predicted the occurrence of BKPyV‐HC (sensitivity ≥89%, negative predictive value, ≥96%). TTV DNA loads ≥3.38 log10 by day +30 anticipated the occurrence of aGvHD (sensitivity, 90%; negative predictive value, 97%). Pretransplant HPgV‐1 loads were significantly lower (p = 0.03) in patients who had aGvHD than in those who did not. Monitoring of TTV DNA or HPgV‐1 RNA plasma levels either before or early after transplantation may be ancillary to identify allo‐HSCT recipients at increased risk of BKPyV‐HC or aGvHD.
Impact of Pacific–Japan pattern on temperature and heatwave events in summer over Taiwan
Authors: Tseng Wan‐Ling , Lin Szu‐Ying , Wang Yi‐Chi , Lo Shih‐How , Lo Min‐Hui , Lee Shih‐Yu , Tsai Chieh‐Ting , Hsu Huang‐Hsiung 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe prediction of heatwave events is vital to provide information on possible hazards caused by extremely high temperature. The Pacific–Japan (PJ) pattern is a significant climate variability that controls the summer climate over East Asia. Previous studies have reported that the meridional propagating wave structure associated with the PJ pattern can modulate summer temperature and heatwave characteristics over northeast Asian countries, such as Korea and Japan. Nevertheless, its impacts on the subtropical regions, including Taiwan, a mountainous subtropical island with an approximate population of 24 million, is not yet fully understood. In this study, we investigate the impacts of the PJ pattern on the summer temperature and heatwave characteristics in Taiwan on the interannual timescale using long‐term station‐based temperature and rainfall dataset. We found an island‐wide increase in temperature during the positive phase of the PJ pattern, which is characterized by an anticyclonic anomalous circulation over Taiwan. Meanwhile, the averaged effective area and frequency of heatwave extremes over Taiwan have increased significantly, indicating an increase of exposure to heatwaves. Our examinations of large‐scale environment suggest that the adiabatic warming due to subsidence anomaly associated with the anticyclone over Taiwan is primary contributor of surface warming, which is balanced by diabatic cooling and meridional advective cooling on a seasonal timescale. Our study consolidated the links between the PJ pattern as a climate driver, hot summers and increased summer heatwave events over Taiwan. By combining with the seasonal prediction systems and early warning systems, such understanding can help sectors that are vulnerable to heat stress to prepare for potential hazards.
Phenomenological model for Raman spectra calculating based on “bond charge” taking into account deformation and electro‐optical mechanisms, including Fröhlich scattering
Authors: Sachkov Victor A. , Volodin Vladimir A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAn approach is proposed that combines the deformation and electro‐optical mechanisms of Raman scattering, including Fröhlich scattering. Eigenwavenumbers and eigenvectors of phonon modes with a given wave vector are calculated in the “bond charge” model. The Raman spectra were calculated using the Wolkenstein additive polarizability model. The proposed approach has been tested for modeling the Raman spectra of short‐period GaAs/AlAs superlattices containing tens of atoms in a primitive cell, but can also be used to calculate the Raman spectra of various nanoobjects containing thousands of atoms in a primitive cell.
A compact UHF dual‐band rat‐race coupler with complex impedance load
Authors: Pakasiri Chatrpol , Wang Sen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA compact UHF dual‐band rat‐race coupler with complex terminated loads is proposed. The design procedure starts with design circuit with transmission line (TL) components, and design equations are also detailed in this letter for dual‐band operation. Moreover, the circuit size is further reduced by replacing the TLs with lumped components. An example circuit operating at 450/900 MHz is given. The measurement shows that the circuit has the reflection coefficient at the input port less than −13 dB, the transmission coefficient greater than −5.6 dB and phase difference less than ±10° at the output ports.
A 1 V 2.4‐6 GHz 6‐bit vector‐sum phase shifter with very low rms phase error and gain error
Authors: Zhang Youming , Huang Fengyi , Li Tianzhu , Tang Xusheng , Jiang Nan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe present a 2.4‐6 GHz 6‐bit vector‐sum phase shifter with a full 360° phase‐shift range based on 65‐nm CMOS technology. This paper exploits an improved reconfigurable quadrature all‐pass filter with a cross‐coupled buffer as the quadrature generator circuit, and a common‐gate programmable gain stage with optimal transistor size ratio and in‐phase/quadrature (I/Q) gain ratio as the I/Q variable gain amplifiers (VGAs). Through the optimization of circuit topologies, a superior overall performance has been achieved with extremely low root mean square (RMS) phase error and gain error, capable of low voltage, wide bandwidth, and high‐accuracy operations. The measured RMS phase error is less than 2°, 1.4°, and 1°, between 2.4‐6 GHz, 2.5‐5.6 GHz, and 3‐4.7 GHz & 4.9‐5.5 GHz, respectively, with a RMS gain error of less than 0.75 dB. The circuit draws 14.6 mW from a 1 V supply, with a chip size of 0.45 × 0.47 mm2.
A wideband circularly polarized cross‐shaped linearly tapered slot antenna
Authors: Chang Yu‐Lin , Jiao Yong‐Chang , Lin Chen , Zhang Li , Chen Guan‐tao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA new method to realize wideband circular polarization base on cross‐shaped TSA (tapered slot antenna) is proposed. The proposed antenna is obtained by integrating a wideband feed network and two cross placed loaded linearly TSAs (LLTSAs) together. Taking low‐cost, compact structure, and small shielding effect into consideration, a traditional planar feed network is divided into two parts and designed in cross‐shaped form. Loading structures are applied to suppress back radiation of the antenna. The antenna is simulated and tested. The results indicate that a − 10 dB reflection coefficient bandwidth of 109% (3.5‐11.9 GHz) and an axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 92.5% (3.6‐9.8 GHz) for AR ≤ 3 dB are obtained. The simulated results exhibit that higher Front‐to‐Back Ratio (FBR) across the whole 3‐dB AR bandwidth can be obtained by loading. Moreover, a stable gain of 5.5 ± 0.1 dB is achieved from 7.5 GHz to 9.8 GHz.