bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk stratification of sudden cardiac death in asymptomatic female Brugada syndrome patients: A literature review
Authors: Leung Keith Sai Kit , Radford Danny , Huang Helen , Lakhani Ishan , Li Christien Ka Hou , Hothi Sandeep Singh , Wai Abraham Ka Chung , Liu Tong , Tse Gary , Lee Sharen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesRisk stratification in Brugada syndrome remains a difficult problem. Given the male predominance of this disease and their elevated risks of arrhythmic events, affected females have received less attention. It is widely known that symptomatic patients are at increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) than asymptomatic patients, while this might be true in the male population; recent studies have shown that this association might not be significant in females. Over the past few decades, numerous markers involving clinical symptoms, electrocardiographic (ECG) indices, and genetic tests have been explored, with several risk‐scoring models developed so far. The objective of this study is to review the current evidence of clinical and ECG markers as well as risk scores on asymptomatic females with Brugada syndrome.FindingsGender differences in ECG markers, the yield of genetic findings, and the applicability of risk scores are highlighted.ConclusionsVarious clinical, electrocardiographic, and genetic risk factors are available for assessing SCD risk amongst asymptomatic female BrS patients. However, due to the significant gender discrepancy in BrS, the SCD risk amongst females is often underestimated, and there is a lack of research on female‐specific risk factors and multiparametric risk scores. Therefore, multinational studies pooling female BrS patients are needed for the development of a gender‐specific risk stratification approach amongst asymptomatic BrS patients.
Potential role of volatile organic compound breath testing in the Australasian colorectal cancer pathway
Authors: Gower Helen , Danielson Kirsty , Dennett A. P. Elizabeth , Deere Joseph 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWith colonoscopy resources under pressure and inequitable participation rates in our screening programmes, there is an urgent need to consider trialling new testing technology for the detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) in Australasia. Research has shown that volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from the human body can act as biomarkers for CRC, indicating high sensitivity and specificity for early and late‐stage CRC and for adenomatous polyps. Breath‐based VOC testing shows promise due to acceptability and ease of sampling via simple hand‐held devices. Analysis can occur via mass spectrometry, or via ‘e‐nose’ or sensor techniques. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge in using VOC‐based testing for CRC. Adoption of this technique has the potential to improve CRC survival, reduce incidence and reduce colonoscopy burden in Australasia, and positively impact on ethnic disparities in cancer outcomes. Future multicentre trials should be conducted using standardized processes and protocols. This will ensure accuracy and reproducibility under different environmental and physiological conditions, and for different ethnic groups. Studies should be explicitly targeted to various points along the CRC patient pathway.
Visual function correlates with neurodevelopment in a population cohort of school‐aged children born extremely preterm
Authors: Ingvaldsen Sigrid Hegna , Hansen Tor Ivar , Håberg Asta K. , Moholdt Viggo , Evensen Kari Anne I. , Dammann Olaf , Austeng Dordi , Morken Tora Sund 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate visual function and neurodevelopment in a geographically defined population cohort of school‐aged children born extremely preterm.MethodsAll children born extremely preterm in Central Norway between 2006 and 2011 (n=65) were identified, and 36 (median age, min/max: 13, 10/16) were included. Best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity (four spatial frequencies), parent‐reported challenges and neuropsychological testing in learning, executive functions, motor skills, perception, reaction time, working and visual memory, processing speed, and pattern separation were measured. Brain MRI (3T) was acquired and read by a neuroradiologist.ResultsMedian (min/max) BCVA letter score was 85 (35/91) in the better and 82 (13/89) in the worse eye. ROP participants (n=7) had lower contrast sensitivity in the two highest spatial frequencies (p = 0.024 and p = 0.004). Parent‐reported challenges correlated negatively with BCVA (learning: p = 0.014; executive functions: p = 0.002; motor skills: p = 0.000; and perception: p = 0.001), while motor skills correlated negatively with one (p = 0.010) and perception with two (p = 0.003 and p = 0.009) of four spatial frequencies. Neuropsychological tests were reduced relative to norms. None had MRI‐verified preterm brain injury.ConclusionVisual function was subnormal and correlated with parent‐reported challenges in a small cohort of extremely preterm school‐aged children, indicating that visual function may be a marker of neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Significant age by childhood trauma interactions on grey matter volumes: A whole brain VBM analysis
Authors: Malhi Gin S. , Das Pritha , Outhred Tim , Bell Erica , Gessler Danielle , Bryant Richard , Mannie Zola 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundChildhood trauma is deleterious to long term brain development. The changes are variable, and depend on gender, age and the nature of the trauma. In this exploratory analysis, we investigated the effects of exposure to emotional trauma on grey matter (GM) volumes in adolescent females.MethodsWe explored GM volumes in non‐clinical females aged 12–17 years who had been exposed to either higher (HET; N = 75) or minimal (MET; N = 127) emotional trauma. High‐resolution T1‐weighted structural images were analysed with an optimised FSL‐VBM protocol. The General Linear Model was run on HET versus MET with continuous age as an interaction. Mean GM volumes were extracted from significant corrected age interaction statistical maps and scrutinised with SPSS®.ResultsWe observed greater HET*age than MET*age interactions (corrected p‐value = 0.0002), in 4 separate bilateral cortical regions associated with mood disorders. Scrutiny of these regions showed significant GM volume enlargements in the early adolescent HET group (p = 0.017) and reductions in the late adolescent HET group (p < 0.0001). Notably, there were no differences in middle adolescence (p > 0.05).LimitationsCausality cannot be inferred from this cross‐sectional study and the onset of trauma cannot be determined using retrospective measures.ConclusionsWhilst GM volumes diminish from early adolescence onwards, our results show that HET impacts this brain development, perhaps first via unstable adaptative mechanisms, followed by maladaptive processes in late adolescence. This suggests that compromises of emotional and cognitive self‐regulation in mood disorders may underpin the structural abnormalities observed across multiple brain regions in these teenage girls.
Optimal unemployment policy
Authors: Lawson Nicholas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper shows that the optimal policy to deal with unemployment features important roles for monitoring of search and job search assistance, with the optimal combined policy also incorporating more generous unemployment insurance (UI). These results are significantly different from the previous literature, which has overwhelmingly focused on UI on its own. I incorporate two empirically relevant phenomena that have often been ignored: private consumption smoothing and fiscal externalities from income taxes. I estimate a job search model using indirect inference on data from the March Current Population Survey, and simulate the model to evaluate a variety of policy reforms.
Eavesdropping Books as Testimony: Witnessing Secondhand Crimes Against Humanity with Young Children
Authors: Furman Cara E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHow do educators talk about trauma with young children? Specifically, how do they address children's secondhand experiences of crimes against humanity? In this article, Cara E. Furman argues that classrooms for young children must witness these experiences. A genre of picture books that Furman terms “eavesdropping texts” offer testimony that both witnesses and invites children's secondhand experiences of crimes against humanity. Here, Furman couples a close reading of the books with literary criticism and trauma theory in order to showcase the nuances of the genre and the pedagogical potential of eavesdropping books for young readers.
An online intervention to promote mental health literacy for psychosis amongst parents of adolescents: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Nakanishi Miharu , Tanaka Takahiro , Nishida Atsushi , Mandai Nozomu , Kitamura Nobutaka , Yoshii Hatsumi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimThis study evaluated an online mental health literacy intervention to improve help‐seeking for psychosis amongst parents of adolescents.MethodsA total of 2496 parents of first‐grade junior high school students, recruited from a Japan‐based survey company, participated in a randomized controlled trial in July 2016; participants were randomly allocated to the intervention (n = 1248) or control group (n = 1248). They were assessed at baseline and one‐week post intervention. The intervention group received a 30‐minute online educational programme that included a narrative of the mother of an adolescent with psychosis.ResultsThere were no between‐group differences in changes in the rate of ‘no help‐seeking’ in any hypothetical situations of a child's psychosis and prodromal symptoms.ConclusionsThe intervention might have been suboptimal to improve mental health literacy for psychosis amongst parents of adolescents. A narrative message from a service user may be helpful to encourage parents in help‐seeking.
Impacts of the carbon tax on green shipping supply chain under the port competition
Authors: Song Jingyao , Xu Changyan , Wang Chuanxu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe shipping industry plays an important role in international trade and world economic development. In particular, the rapid growth of the shipping industry since 2020 has become an important factor in supporting and stimulating the rapid recovery of the global economy in the post epidemic era. However, under the background that climate warming has increasingly become the theme of common concern for all mankind, greenhouse gas emission reduction has increasingly attracted the attention of governments of all countries, and has also become the requirement for production and operation of all industries, the green, environmental protection and sustainable development of the shipping industry have also become the focus of participants in all sectors. As environmental problems put forward requirements of a green shipping industry, some policies aimed at reducing pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, such as carbon tax, have brought considerations to the strategies of ports and enterprises, especially concerning their competition and cooperation. This study established a shipping supply chain system composed of two ports and one shipping company in order to analyse the impact of carbon tax on the shipping supply chain, and to optimize the decision‐making of government, ports and shipping companies. Through three‐level Stackelberg game of four models including ports cooperating or not cooperating with each other, and carbon tax levied on ports or the shipping company, the study finds that the collection of carbon tax will reduce the container handling volume of ports thus reducing the profits of both ports and the shipping company, but the handling volume when the government puts carbon tax on ports is lower than that when it puts carbon tax on the shipping company, and the handling volume under the port cooperation mode is lower than that under the port non‐cooperation mode. As the collector of carbon tax, the government's income when taxing ports is higher than that when taxing shipping companies, and when ports cooperate, the government's income is lower than that when ports do not cooperate. Moreover, no matter the ports cooperate with each other or not, the impact of carbon tax on port container handling volume under the mode of carbon tax levied by the government on ports is more significant than that when carbon tax is levied on the shipping company, leaving the former mode a lower container handling volume and lower profit. The findings of this study have the following significance and suggestions for the participants of shipping supply industry: In order to maximize the government's target value, the government should give priority to taxing shipping companies rather than ports; Under the background of carbon tax, ports should choose limited non‐cooperation strategies.
The detection and attribution of extreme reductions in vegetation growth across the global land surface
Authors: Yang Hui , Munson Seth M. , Huntingford Chris , Carvalhais Nuno , Knapp Alan K. , Li Xiangyi , Peñuelas Josep , Zscheischler Jakob , Chen Anping 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNegative extreme anomalies in vegetation growth (NEGs) usually indicate severely impaired ecosystem services. These NEGs can result from diverse natural and anthropogenic causes, especially climate extremes (CEs). However, the relationship between NEGs and many types of CEs remains largely unknown at regional and global scales. Here, with satellite‐derived vegetation index data and supporting tree‐ring chronologies, we identify periods of NEGs from 1981 to 2015 across the global land surface. We find 70% of these NEGs are attributable to five types of CEs and their combinations, with compound CEs generally more detrimental than individual ones. More importantly, we find that dominant CEs for NEGs vary by biome and region. Specifically, cold and/or wet extremes dominate NEGs in temperate mountains and high latitudes, whereas soil drought and related compound extremes are primarily responsible for NEGs in wet tropical, arid and semi‐arid regions. Key characteristics (e.g., the frequency, intensity and duration of CEs, and the vulnerability of vegetation) that determine the dominance of CEs are also region‐ and biome‐dependent. For example, in the wet tropics, dominant individual CEs have both higher intensity and longer duration than non‐dominant ones. However, in the dry tropics and some temperate regions, a longer CE duration is more important than higher intensity. Our work provides the first global accounting of the attribution of NEGs to diverse climatic extremes. Our analysis has important implications for developing climate‐specific disaster prevention and mitigation plans among different regions of the globe in a changing climate.
Shaped by resistance: Discursive politics in gender equality work
Authors: Stierncreutz Micaela , Tienari Janne 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhile existing research offers an understanding of the antecedents, forms, and consequences of resistance to gender equality work in organizations, studies primarily regard resistance as a challenge to be overcome or as something that can at times be beneficial for change. In this paper, we argue that resistance shapes gender equality work. We focus on covert forms of resistance and give voice to experts in Finland and Sweden who work for gender equality in organizations. Analyzing the discursive politics involved in (de)legitimizing and (de)politicizing equality work, we elucidate how experts deal with resistance by shaping the meaning of equality and working for it. Our findings suggest that covert resistance undermines the quest for gender equality by molding the conditions for how equality work can be done, thus influencing what it can achieve in organizations and in society.
Full‐time homemakers and economic disadvantage: The case of Japan
Authors: Raymo James M. , Zhou Yanfei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA non‐trivial number of mothers in Japan do not work despite being in poverty, a pattern of behavior that is inconsistent with both the predictions of conventional models of labor supply and the articulations of a “gender revolution.” This is particularly puzzling given that well‐documented barriers to employment for low‐income mothers in the United States and elsewhere appear to be of limited relevance in Japan. In this paper, we seek to better understand this pattern of behavior by describing the reasons that these mothers give for not working and by examining how the correlates of maternal employment differ for those whose husbands' employment income is above and below half of the median household income. We show that a majority of these mothers report that their desire to focus on childrearing is a main reason for not working outside the home. Importantly, this prioritization of childrearing is unrelated to husband's income level and the family's economic need. We also show that the presence of an infant, attitudinal endorsement of the primacy of the mother role, and clear gender division of labor are particularly strong predictors of non‐employment among all mothers, including those married to low‐earning men. We discuss these findings in the context of theories of “diverging destinies,” focusing on their potential implications for children's resources and the process of social and economic stratification within and across generations.
The imbalance between NKG2A and NKG2D expression is involved in NK cell immunosuppression and tumor progression of patients with hepatitis B virus‐related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yu Lihua , Sun Lei , Liu Xiaoli , Wang Xinhui , Yan Huiwen , Pu Qing , Xie Yuqing , Jiang Yuyong , Du Juan , Yang Zhiyun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundImmunosuppression in a tumor microenvironment is associated with enhanced tumor progression. Natural killer group 2 (NKG2) family proteins, including inhibitory receptors and activators, can be used as attractive targets for immunotherapy of immune checkpoint inhibition. We further explore the expression level prognostic value of NKG2A and NKG2D in hepatitis B virus‐related hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV‐HCC).MethodsThis study was a prospective study involving 92 patients with HBV‐HCC, 16 patients with HBV‐related liver cirrhosis, 18 patients with CHB, and 38 healthy donors. We analyzed the expression and related functions of NKG2A, NKG2D, and the NKG2A/NKG2D ratio in the peripheral blood of patients with HBV‐HCC and analyzed tumor progression. The tissue samples from patients with HBV‐HCC were further used for multiple immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry.ResultsIn patients with HBV‐HCC with tumor progression, the ratio of NKG2A/NKG2D is higher in NK cells and T cells. The Kaplan–Meier survival curve showed that the NKG2A/NKG2D ratio on NK cells could predict tumor progression in patients with HBV‐HCC, and that an increase in this ratio was associated with inhibition of NK cell function. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was further used to verify that the higher the NKG2A/NKG2D ratio, the shorter the progression‐free survival of patients with HCC, and the more likely the immune function was suppressed.ConclusionsThe imbalance between NKG2A and NKG2D of NK cells is involved in NK cell immunosuppression, and the increase of the NKG2A/NKG2D ratio is related to the tumor progression of HBV‐HCC.
New Home, New You: A retrospective mixed‐methods evaluation of a health‐related behavioural intervention programme supporting social housing tenants
Authors: Paisi Martha , Allen Zoe , Shawe Jill 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundSocial housing tenants are at greater risk of engaging in unhealthy behaviours than the general population. Housing association employees are in an ideal position to contribute positively to their tenants' health. ‘New Home, New You’ (NHNY) is a joint venture between a social housing association, a city council and a community healthcare provider in the South West of England. It was designed with the aim of improving the health and well‐being of social housing tenants.ObjectivesThe aim of this retrospective evaluation was to establish whether social housing tenants were benefiting from this health‐related behavioural intervention in terms of their mental well‐being and health‐related behaviours.MethodsThis was a mixed‐methods evaluation. The outcome evaluation was a secondary analysis of quantitative data collected during the NHNY project. The process of delivering and receiving the intervention was evaluated using qualitative, semi‐structured interviews with housing officers and tenants who had participated in the programme. The development of the intervention was evaluated through a focus group and additional semistructured interviews with key stakeholders. Quantitative data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Qualitative interviews were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsSix key stakeholders and a total of seven housing officers from several teams and seven tenants were interviewed. Of the 1016 tenants who were invited to participate in NHNY, 226 enroled in the programme. For participating tenants, the scope for health‐related behaviour change was greatest in relation to eating and smoking. Small positive statistically significant changes in mental health were found between the 6‐ and 12‐month mean score and between the baseline and the 12‐month score.ConclusionsThe findings indicate that NHNY may have been beneficial for some participating tenants. Housing officers can have a significant role in promoting health messages and embedding behaviour change among their tenants. Although the programme was implemented as a service improvement rather than a controlled trial and focused on a particular intervention and geographical area, other housing associations may find this evaluation useful for considering whether to adopt some of the principles applied in NHNY in other settings.Patient or Public ContributionA social housing tenant representative provided input on the methodology and methods used to evaluate NHNY, as well as the information sheet.
Effect of SiC whiskers on the anti‐oxidation properties of Yb2Si2O7/mullite/SiC tri‐layer environmental barrier coating for CMCs
Authors: Pan Ling , Chen Pengju , Xiao Peng , He Ling , Zhou Wei , Li Yang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe mullite and ytterbium disilicate (β‐Yb2Si2O7) powders as starting materials for the Yb2Si2O7/mullite/SiC tri‐layer coating are synthesized by a sol–gel method. The effect of SiC whiskers on the anti‐oxidation properties of Yb2Si2O7/mullite/SiC tri‐layer coating for C/SiC composites in the air environment is deeply studied. Results show that the formation temperature and complete transition temperature of mullite were 800–1000 and 1300°C, respectively. Yb2SiO5, α‐Yb2Si2O7, and β‐Yb2Si2O7 were gradually formed between 800 and 1000°C, and Yb2SiO5 and α‐Yb2Si2O7 were completely transformed into β‐Yb2Si2O7 at a temperature above 1200°C. The weight loss of Yb2Si2O7/(SiCw–mullite)/SiC tri‐layer coating coated specimens was 0.15 × 10−3 g cm−2 after 200 h oxidation at 1400°C, which is lower than that of Yb2Si2O7/mullite/SiC tri‐layer coating (2.84 × 10−3 g cm−2). The SiC whiskers in mullite middle coating can not only alleviate the coefficient of thermal expansion difference between mullite middle coating and β‐Yb2Si2O7 outer coating, but also improve the self‐healing performance of the mullite middle coating owing to the self‐healing aluminosilicate glass phase formed by the reaction between SiO2 (oxidation of SiC whiskers) and mullite particles.