bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Omani citizens relied more on international sources of information to inform themselves during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Al‐Suqri Mohammed Nasser 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 demanded efficient and effective supply of information to the public to help reduce the rate of transmission.ObjectivesThis study aims to analyse Omanis' information behaviour during the COVID‐19 pandemic, to help national authorities to prepare for future health crises or pandemics.MethodsA self‐administered online survey involving a structured open‐ended questionnaire was conducted via the SurveyMonkey software. Snowball and convenience sampling methods were used to recruit potential participants from social media sites like Instagram, Twitter and Facebook. Non‐parametric testing (Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis H tests) assisted in analysis of demographic factors. Descriptive statistical analysis identified trends in information needs and seeking behaviour.ResultsOver 6000 responses were obtained. The results revealed that Oman nationals were seeking information on symptoms of COVID‐19, global and national infection rates, preventive measures, treatment and vaccines. Primary sources of information were radio news, Oman TV, international TV, print media, healthcare professionals, international agencies and online news websites.DiscussionThere was little trust of local information sources with many Omanis relying on international information sources such as the WHO and international TV networks.ConclusionPublic health agencies need to prepare for timely, and reliable information provision during health crises.
Baseline trichoscopic values for afro‐textured hair in indigenous South Africans show lower density and unique features
Authors: Dlova Ncoza Cordelia , Enechukwu Nkechi Anne , Suleman Mohamed Hoosen , Maseko J. Z. , Rudnicka Lidia 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundAfro‐textured hair exhibits distinct physicochemical properties with possible variations in measurable hair parameters. Standardized documentation of trichoscopic norms of afro‐textured hair in indigenous Africans is notably lacking.MethodsA cross‐sectional study involving 122 South Africans of both genders of African ancestry (mean age 20.9 ± 3.3 years) with natural afro‐textured hair was performed to establish trichoscopic norms. Standard images, one overview, and five microimages (one 20× and four 50× magnifications) were captured with the FotoFinder Medicam1000V2 videodermoscope. Hair density (HD; N/cm2); hair shaft thickness (HST; μm); the proportion of thin, mid, and thick hairs (%); cumulative hair thickness (mm/cm2); and follicular units (FU; N/cm2) were assessed.ResultsThe average HD was 139.1 ± 33.88 hairs/cm2 with significant variations across different scalp areas. The average hair thickness was 62.59 ± 8.45 μm with the frontal scalp showing the greatest HST, the proportion of thick hairs, cumulative hair thickness, and FU densities; the temporal had the greatest proportion of thin hairs, whereas the occipital showed the highest proportion of triple hair FU. Male participants exhibited significantly greater average hair thickness, more thick hairs, and more double and triple FU, whereas females had higher cumulative hair thickness density, more thin and intermediate hairs, and more single follicular units.ConclusionBaseline trichoscopic values for natural afro‐textured hair in indigenous South Africans reveal lower hair densities, variations in shaft diameters, and follicular unit patterns compared to other racial groups. Significant gender‐based differences are evident in some of the measured parameters. Tailored reference values are essential for accurate clinical evaluations and hair transplant planning.
Orientation microscopy–assisted grain boundary analysis for protonic ceramic cell electrolytes
Authors: Patel Sooraj , Goswami Sumit , Paul Pralay , Liu Fan , Zheng Shuanglin , Sabisch Julian E. , Duan Chuancheng , Venkatesan Thirumalai , Paik Hanjong , Ding Hanping , Kazempoor Pejman , Xu Shuozhi , Ding Dong , Ghamarian Iman 
Published: January 2025

AbstractGrain boundaries in protonic ceramic cell (PCC) electrolytes hinder proton transport, reducing interfacial conductivity. In multicomponent PCC electrolytes, the inclusion of sintering aids further accentuates the complexity of grain boundaries. In this study, we synthesize nanocrystalline BaCe0.4Zr0.4Y0.1Yb0.1O3−δ thin films via pulsed laser deposition and analyze their grain boundary character distributions using orientation data collected by precession electron diffraction technique. The results reveal an anisotropic distribution of grain boundary characters, with notably high populations of 180°‐tilt and twist grain boundaries. These findings provide critical insights into identifying the predominant grain boundaries in this PCC electrolyte material, assessing the vast five‐dimensional grain boundary space.
Reliable Performance of mALBI Grade‐Based Risk Models for Predicting the Prognosis of Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma Receiving Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab as First‐Line Treatment: Comparative Analysis of 13 Risk Models
Authors: Hatanaka Takeshi , Kakizaki Satoru , Hiraoka Atsushi , Tada Toshifumi , Hirooka Masashi , Kariyama Kazuya , Tani Joji , Atsukawa Masanori , Takaguchi Koichi , Itobayashi Ei , Fukunishi Shinya , Tsuji Kunihiko , Ishikawa Toru , Tajiri Kazuto , Toyoda Hidenori , Ogawa Chikara , Nishikawa Hiroki , Nishimura Takashi , Kawata Kazuhito , Kosaka Hisashi , Naganuma Atsushi , Yata Yutaka , Ohama Hideko , Kuroda Hidekatsu , Matono Tomomitsu , Tanaka Kazunari , Tada Fujimasa , Nouso Kazuhiro , Morishita Asahiro , Tsutsui Akemi , Nagano Takuya , Itokawa Norio , Okubo Tomomi , Arai Taeang , Imai Michitaka , Koizumi Yohei , Nakamura Shinichiro , Kaibori Masaki , Iijima Hiroko , Hiasa Yoichi , Kumada Takashi ,   the Real‐life Practice Experts for HCC (RELPEC) Study Group, and HCC 48 Group (hepatocellular carcinoma experts from 48 clinics in Japan)
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimThis study aimed to compare the prognostic performance of the risk models for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) receiving atezolizumab and bevacizumab (Atez/Bev) as first‐line treatment.MethodsAmong 449 patients included in this retrospective multicenter study, we compared the prognostic performance of 13 risk models for the 12‐month and 18‐month survival status using area under the curve (AUC), net reclassification improvement (NRI), and relative integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) analysis. We also constructed a calibration plot to assess the fitness of each model.ResultsRegarding the analysis of the 12‐month survival status, none of the risk models demonstrated AUC values higher than the modified albumin‐bilirubin (mALBI) grade. In the NRI analysis, only the IMmunotherapy with AFP, BCLC staging, mALBI, and DCP evaluation (IMABALI‐De score) exhibited a statistically significant improvement compared with the mALBI grade (p = 0.009). While the modified albumin‐bilirubin grade (mALF) score and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) did not exhibit significant differences compared to the mALBI grade (p = 0.3 and 0.2, respectively), the remaining risk models were inferior to the mALBI grade. In the relative IDI analysis, none of the risk models showed a significant improvement compared with the mALBI grade. The calibration plot of the PNI was unsatisfactory. The results for the 18‐month survival status were consistent with those for the 12‐month survival status. A time‐dependent ROC analysis demonstrated that both the mALBI grade and the mALBI‐based model showed consistent performance over time.ConclusionsThe mALBI grade, as well as the IMABALI‐De and mALF scores (both of which are risk models based on mALBI grade), exhibited reliable performance in predicting the prognosis of patients with HCC.
Clinical and radiographic assessment of effect of platelet‐rich fibrin on dental implant osseointegration – A split mouth randomized clinical trial
Authors: Ali A. Rizwan , Kumar Pravin , Gautam Kompal , Vaish Sajan , Choudhary Aparna , S. Fareetha Fowzana 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeBiomimetic agents are being researched for their potential to stimulate bone formation and boost bone‐implant contact. The objective of this study was to assess how osseointegration of dental implants is impacted by platelet‐rich fibrin.Materials and MethodsThe present study was a randomized clinical trial with a split mouth design. Surgical sites were split randomly into two groups: Group 1 (30 implants) had a topical application of platelet‐rich fibrin at the site of implant osteotomy, while Group 2 (30 implants) did not have any platelet‐rich fibrin application. Marginal bone level (MBL), peri‐implant bone density (BD), wound healing index (WHI), and peri‐implant sulcus probing depth (PD) were assessed. For BD, intergroup comparison was done using t‐test and intragroup comparison was done using paired t‐test. For MBL, PD, and WHI, intergroup comparison was done using Mann‐Whitney U test, and intragroup comparison was done using Wilcoxon Signed rank test.ResultsFrom baseline to 12 months, a highly significant difference (p < 0.01) was seen for change in peri‐implant bone density, with Group 1 showing greater values. Intergroup comparison of MBL and change in MBL showed values with highly significant differences (p < 0.01), with more bone loss in Group 2. Probing depth values showed significant differences with lesser values in Group 1. Wound healing index values were lower and highly significant in Group 1.ConclusionApplication of platelet‐rich fibrin at the osteotomy site is associated with a decline in probing depth and wound healing index, and a rise in peri‐implant bone density with minimal MBL.
Integrated analyses reveal extensive cytonuclear discordance and two new members of Rhodiola
Authors: Huang Long , Yang Ya‐Peng , Liu Xiao‐Ying , Qiu Lin‐Feng , Li Yue‐Yi , Ma Zi‐Wei , Wang Shi‐Yu , Wang Xin‐Yue , Zhang Jian‐Qiang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOur knowledge of species diversity in biodiversity hotspots remains incomplete. The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) and the mountainous region of southwestern China have long been regarded as biodiversity hotspots. However, despite considerable efforts, numerous plant species may still elude formal description. Rhodiola L. (Crassulaceae) encompasses ca. 58 perennial herb species, which have been used as an important traditional medicinal plant for centuries. Rampant exploitation has put some species at risk of extinction. Rhodiola has also been recognized as a promising model for investigating radiation speciation in the QTP. However, the phylogenetic relationships among major clades in the genus are still not well resolved, and the underlying causes of cytonuclear discordance briefly mentioned in previous studies remain unexplored. Through phylogenomic analyses utilizing data from both the nuclear genome and plastome of 42 species, we identified six major clades in Rhodiola and found extensive cytonuclear discordance, which was primarily attributed to hybridization and introgression occurring among clades or closely related species. In addition, the integration of morphological, phylogenomic, population genomic, and ecological evidence resulted in the identification and description of a new species of Rhodiola: R. renii sp. nov., and the reclassification of a previously Pseudosedum species merged into Rhodiola. Our results highlight the significant role of hybridization and introgression in the evolution of Rhodiola and probably other rapid‐radiated groups in the QTP, and emphasize the need for increased species discovery efforts in biodiversity hotspots such as the QTP and its adjacent mountainous areas.
Development and evaluation of a simulation‐based early‐mobility curriculum for paediatric intensive care nurses
Authors: LaRosa Jessica M. , Lenker Hallie , Azamfirei Razvan , Morgenstern Stephanie , Hajnik Krista , Mennie Colleen , Wieczorek Beth , Brown Kristen M. , Shilkofski Nicole , Kudchadkar Sapna R. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundEarly mobility is one strategy to reduce the harm from immobility that children experience in the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Early‐mobility programmes rely on nurses, who currently perceive insufficient training as a barrier to mobilizing critically ill children. Nurses have identified simulation as a strategy to improve implementation of early‐mobility protocols.AimTo use adult learning theory to develop an early‐mobility simulation curriculum for nurses and to evaluate if the curriculum improves nursing self‐efficacy, knowledge and skills in mobilizing critically ill children.Study DesignUsing a curriculum development framework, an interprofessional team created a simulation curriculum. The educational strategies included group simulations, debriefing sessions and didactic sessions. The curriculum evaluation was conducted as quality improvement initiative using a pre‐post quasi‐experimental design to evaluate nurses' mobility self‐efficacy, knowledge and clinical skills.ResultsEleven PICU nurses participated in the simulation‐based early mobility curriculum. Before participation in the curriculum, 73% of nurses felt fairly confident and no nurses felt confident mobilizing a PICU patient. After participation, 100% of nurses felt at least fairly confident mobilizing a PICU patient (p = .031). Knowledge scores improved from a median of 14 (IQR, 12–16) questions correct to 17 (IQR, 16–18) questions correct (p = .001). Nurses completed more required clinical tasks during the Observed Structured Clinical Examination, with improvement from a median of 15 items correct (IQR, 14–16) to 19 items correct (IQR, 15–20; p = .0037).ConclusionsDeveloping a simulation‐based early‐mobility curriculum for PICU nurses is feasible. Nurses who completed the curriculum had improved self‐efficacy, knowledge and clinical skills in mobilizing critically ill children.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe findings of this study demonstrate that simulation is a potentially useful educational tool to teach nurses to safely and effectively mobilize critically ill children. The strategy should be evaluated further to determine if it impacts physical rehabilitation at the bedside.
Hope among patients discharged from an intensive care unit: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Austenå Mona , Rustøen Tone , Hagen Milada Cvancarova , Valsø Åse , Sunde Kjetil , Tøien Kirsti 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundHope is important during critical illness due to the uncertainty and loss of control in the patient's life. Following intensive care, hope might provide a therapeutic effect and increase coping, leading to improved recovery.AimTo describe the levels of hope in patients during the first year after ICU treatment, and to explore possible associations between hope and selected demographic, clinical and psychosocial factors.Study DesignThis is a prospective cohort study and a predefined sub‐study of a randomized controlled trial. Adults discharged from five mixed ICUs were included. All patients were screened for post‐traumatic stress symptoms at baseline, and data on hope, post‐traumatic stress and social support were collected 3, 6 and 12 months later. Linear regression analyses and linear mixed models for repeated measurements with hope as the dependent variable were used.ResultsMedian age was 57 years (range 18–94), 47% were women, median length of ICU stay was 3 days (range 1–83), Simplified Acute Physiology Score II was 24 (range 0–78) and 54% received mechanical ventilation. Not having prior mental health problems (B = 1.93, 95% CI [0.90, 2.98]), lower level of post‐traumatic stress symptoms (B = −0.08, 95% CI [−0.11, −0.04]) and more social support (B = 0.37, 95% CI [0.31, 0.43]) were all independently associated with higher levels of hope during the first year after critical illness. The levels of hope were higher in the study cohort than in the general Norwegian population and remained unchanged during follow‐up.ConclusionsPatients maintained a stable level of hope throughout follow‐up. Absence of prior mental health problems, lower post‐traumatic stress symptoms and more social support after ICU discharge were associated with higher hope.Relevance to Clinical PracticePatients' hope should be strengthened during the ICU stay through psychosocial support and care for patients with previous post‐traumatic stress symptoms and mental health problems.
A MACPF Protein OsCAD1 Balances Plant Growth and Immunity Through Regulating Salicylic Acid Homeostasis in Rice
Authors: Wang Hong , Huang Tingting , Ruan Zheyan , Tu Ranran , He Yan , Liu Qunen , Cheng Shihua , He Guanghua , Shen Xihong 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTUnraveling the mechanisms behind plant growth and immunity contributes to effective crop improvement. Membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain proteins play vital roles in innate and adaptive immunity in vertebrates; however, their molecular functions in plants remain largely unexplored. Here, we isolated and characterized a rice mutant, Oryza sativa constitutively activated cell death 1 (oscad1), which exhibited a lesion mimic phenotype and growth inhibition with increased cell death, elevated ROS accumulation, and enhanced resistance to bacterial blight Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae (Xoo) and Magnaporthe oryzae. OsCAD1 encodes an MACPF protein, OsCAD1/OsMACPF1, localized in the plasma membrane, cytosol, and nucleus, with a broad expression pattern in tissues. An F416L substitution in OsCAD1 affects its stability and abundance. OsCAD1 knockout lines displayed severe lesion mimic leaves, growth retardation, and eventual death. Both oscad1 and OsCAD1 knockout lines showed increased salicylic acid (SA) levels with the latter showing even higher levels, while OsCAD1‐overexpressing lines maintained uninduced SA levels during Xoo infection, resulting in decreased resistance. Knockout of the SA biosynthetic enzyme OsPAL4 in the oscad1 mutant partially alleviated the lesion mimic phenotype and growth inhibition without impacting Xoo resistance. Our findings indicate that OsCAD1 negatively regulates SA levels to modulate plant growth and immunity.
Postneonatal Cerebral Palsy in Europe: Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics According to Contributory Events: An SCPE Study
Authors: Delobel‐Ayoub Malika , Ehlinger Virginie , Klapouszczak Dana , Troha Gergeli Anja , Sellier Elodie , Hollody Katalin , Virella Daniel , Vik Torstein , Perret Célia , Vidart d’Egurbide Bagazgoïtia Nicolas , Horridge Karen , Arnaud Catherine 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundPostneonatal cerebral palsy (PNCP) is rare and requires large databases to be studied over time.ObjectivesTo study the time trend of prevalence of PNCP overall and by cause, and to describe the clinical characteristics of children with PNCP according to cause and compared with children with pre/peri/neonatal CP (PPNCP).MethodsThe Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe (SCPE) database was used. Primary events (the first known chronological event in the causal chain) were classified according to the SCPE classification (six main and 19 sub‐categories). Prevalence trends for children born during 1976–2012 were modelled using multilevel generalised linear models. The clinical characteristics of PNCP and PPNCP cases born after 1998 were reported as proportions.ResultsThe prevalence rates of PNCP were 1.76 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.37, 2.23) and 0.82 per 10,000 live births (95% CI 0.73, 0.92) in children born during 1976–1980 and 2006–2012, respectively. The models showed a 2% annual decline in overall prevalence (prevalence rate multiplied by 0.98 each year) and a 10% decline for infectious causes for every 5‐year change. The prevalence rate in children born during 2006–2012 was 0.26 per 10,000 (95% CI 0.21, 0.32) for infectious causes, which remained the most frequent. No trend emerged for other causes. Unilateral spastic CP, associated impairments and severe gross motor dysfunction were more frequent in PNCP than in PPNCP, and PNCP showed predominantly grey matter injury (55.6%). Seventeen percent were born preterm. PNCP differed by cause, with cerebrovascular accidents presenting the least severe and hypoxic causes the most severe forms.ConclusionOur study confirms the decrease in the prevalence of PNCP in children born up to 2012, particularly for CP, due to infectious causes, which remain the most frequent. Children with PNCP had more severe presentation overall than those with PPNCP, with severity depending on the cause.
Early‐Life Exposures and Odds of Adenomyosis: A Population‐Based Case–Control Study
Authors: Hall Mandy S. , Harris Holly R. , As‐Sanie Sawsan , Upson Kristen 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundAdenomyosis can confer life‐altering symptoms such as pelvic pain. Yet, the epidemiologic study of this uterine condition lags other gynaecologic conditions. This includes the investigation of intrauterine exposures that could disrupt foetal development and contribute to the presence of adenomyosis in adulthood.ObjectiveWe investigated nine early‐life factors and the odds of adenomyosis using data from a population‐based case–control study of enrollees of an integrated healthcare system in Washington State ages 18–59.MethodsCases (n = 386) had incident, pathology‐confirmed adenomyosis diagnosed between 2001 and 2006. Two control groups were employed: hysterectomy controls (n = 233) and randomly selected age‐matched enrollees with an intact uterus (‘population controls’, n = 323). The primary study activity was a structured in‐person interview; participants were also mailed a family history questionnaire that included questions on early‐life factors. We conducted logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations between early‐life factors and adenomyosis.ResultsComparing cases to population controls, our data suggested an 80% increased odds of adenomyosis with younger maternal age at participant's birth (≤ 19 vs. ages 25–29) (aOR 1.81, 95% CI 0.94, 3.50) and a 50% increased odds of adenomyosis for participants who were the fourth or later live birth (vs. firstborn) (aOR 1.51, 95% CI 0.88, 2.59). Among never‐smoking participants, our data suggested a 50% increased odds of adenomyosis with intrauterine exposure to cigarette smoking (aOR 1.50, 95% CI 0.92, 2.46). In analyses using hysterectomy controls, these associations were attenuated.ConclusionsThese data suggested that several intrauterine exposures were associated with increased odds of adenomyosis in adulthood. The intrauterine period may be a susceptible window for subsequent development of adenomyosis and warrants further investigation.
Distracted partners: Why police traffic enforcement is inefficient
Authors: Love Alexander , Greenberger Michael , Wang Ye , Baumgartner Frank R. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAs communities throughout the country adopt policies designed to reduce traffic fatalities to their lowest possible numbers, they rely heavily on police for traffic enforcement. Within policing communities, however, traffic stops are seen not only as a means to encourage better driving, but also as an important tool for drug interdiction and crime control. This renders the police “distracted partners” in the fight against dangerous driving. We analyze 246,003 stops conducted by the San Diego Police Department using geolocated traffic‐stop data. We compare a model of traffic stops driven by injury‐causing collisions to models where the stops are associated with crime and minority population. We find that the police are attentive to collisions but driven more by crime and minority population levels. We conclude that traffic safety efforts could more effectively be enhanced by a non‐police agency devoted solely to reducing serious collisions, fatalities, and the public health threats from cars, with the police focused on crime control. The combined mission for the police of doing traffic safety and crime control results in suboptimal outcomes with regard to crash and injury prevention.