bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gene Polymorphism of KLF14 rs972283 and Its Association with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Egyptian patients
Authors: Ragab Halla M. , Maksoud Nabila Abd El , Amin Mona A. , Elaziz Wafaa Abd 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: An extensive quest for genetic variables impacting the susceptibility for T2DM and other cardiometabolic disorders has been sparked by the global growth in the frequency of those widespread ailments. In Egypt, no previous studies examined the relation between KLF14 rs972283 SNP and the risk of developing T2DM. This study aims to ascertain the genetic influences of KLF14 rs972283 on T2DM in Egypt.
Subjects and methods: This study included 50 diabetic patients and 50 healthy subjects. Each individual underwent a clinical assessment and total body examination, laboratory investigations including liver enzymes, FBS, HbA1C, and lipid profile. The DNA Purification Kit was used to separate genomic DNA from the whole blood. Gene polymorphism was detected via the PCR-REFLP method.
Results: There was no association between KLF14 (rs972283) gene polymorphism and T2DM among studied people. The distribution of KLF14 rs972283 genotypes in diabetic cases was 9 patients with GG genotype (18%) and 26 with GA (52%) while 15 patients (30%) had homozygous mutant genotype AA. However, in the control group, 7 healthy cases had the GG genotype (14%), 31 (62%) had the GA genotypes, and 12 (24%) had the AA genotype. Concerning the allele frequency, the A allele in the KLF14 rs972283 polymorphism was more frequent in both diabetic and control cases (56% and 55%; respectively), but without significant difference (P=0.887).
Conclusion: The present study shows for the first time that rs972283 SNP of the KLF14 gene was not associated with T2DM susceptibility in the Egyptian population. However, this study detects an association between KLF14 rs972283 (GG genotype) and a higher risk for elevated TG and LDL levels in control cases. This could indicate that the presence of the GG genotype even in control cases could be used to predict cardiovascular disease.
Sexual and reproductive health for women who live with inflammatory bowel disease:
Authors: O'Reilly Kate , Holroyd Eleanor , McInnes Susan , Peters Kath 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose To provide an understanding of the sexual and reproductive health issues for women who live with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Methods Databases searched in this integrative review included: CINAHL Plus, Google Scholar, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases. A defined research aim guided the search strategy and facilitated the accurate extraction of data from primary qualitative and quantitative research conducted between 2012 and 2022.Results 19 papers were included in this review. All papers were appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) [1] and were found to be of good methodological quality. The following three themes were identified: 1) Inflammatory Bowel Disease negatively impacts sexual, reproductive and social health; 2) Inflammatory Bowel Disease and sexual functioning; 3) Reproductive knowledge and reservedness to discuss sexual health.Conclusion This review of the literature highlights that sexual and reproductive health issues for women who live with inflammatory bowel disease are very focused on sexual dysfunction and reproduction. The review illuminates that there is a dearth of information which explores women’s sexuality more broadly.
Tamoxifen in association with titanium lowers vitality but does not change collagen synthesis and mineralization rates in SAOS-2 cells
Authors: Fiorin Luiz Guilherme , Galliera Emanuela , Matheus Henrique Rinaldi , Henin Dolaji , Souza Francisley Ávila , Almeida Juliano Milanezi , Dellavia Claudia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The aim of this study was to observe the influence of tamoxifen associated with titanium implants on the viability and metabolism of human osteosarcoma (SAOS-2) cells lines, as well as on their collagen production and mineralizing capacity. SAOS-2 cells were incubated with growth medium Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) at 37°C, in an atmosphere containing 5% CO2. The samples were divided into groups that included the presence/absence of tamoxifen and the /not use of titanium disks alone and in combination. A total of 54 Titanium (Ti) disks were manufactured. The disks went through sandblasting, cleaning, plasma decontamination and further sterilization. Tamoxifen was used in concentration of 2 µM. Cells vitality, metabolism, mineralization, and collagen rates were assessed. The rate of collagen synthesis and mineralization was calculated with respect to a negative control. Tamoxifen and titanium alone caused a decrease in SAOS-2 cell line vitality, metabolism, collagen synthesis and collagen rate. When in association TAM and Ti caused a slightly decrease in vitality but not in the metabolism, collagen synthesis and mineralization rates. Based on our findings, it appears that the combination of tamoxifen and titanium implants may activate a pathway that promotes metabolism homeostasis, collagen synthesis and mineralization rates.
The autoregressive neural network architecture of the Boltzmann distribution of pairwise interacting spins systems
Authors: biazzo indaco 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Generative Autoregressive Neural Networks (ARNN) have recently demonstrated exceptional results in image and language generation tasks, contributing to the growing popularity of generative models in both scientific and commercial applications. This work presents a physical interpretation of the ARNNs by reformulating the Boltzmann distribution of binary pairwise interacting systems into autoregressive form. The resulting ARNN architecture has weights and biases of its first layer corresponding to the Hamiltonian's couplings and external fields, featuring widely used structures like the residual connections and a recurrent architecture with clear physical meanings. Moreover, its architecture's explicit formulation allows using statistical physics techniques to derive new ARNNs for specific systems. As examples, new effective ARNN architectures are derived from two well-known mean-field systems, the Curie-Weiss and Sherrington-Kirkpatrick models, showing superior performances in approximating the Boltzmann distributions of the corresponding physics model compared to other commonly used architectures. The connection established between the physics of the system and the neural network architecture provides a way to derive new architectures for different interacting systems and interpret existing ones from a physical perspective.
Perampanel’s forgiveness factor in a variable medication adherence paradigm in a rat model of chronic epilepsy
Authors: Guignet Michelle , Campbell Amanda , Vuong Jonathan , Whittington Dale , White H. Steve 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground:Poor medication adherence contributes to increased morbidity and mortality in patients with epilepsy and may be under-addressed in clinical practice. Ethical concerns make it impossible to study the impact of medication nonadherence in clinical trials, but our previous work emphasizes the importance of using preclinical approaches to address these questions. With over 30 clinically available antiseizure medicines (ASM’s), it remains an important question to understand the relationship between poor adherence and seizure incidence across mechanistically distinct ASM’s, including the broad-spectrum ASM, perampanel (PER).Methods:We formulated PER into chow pellets to deliver to rats in a 100% fully adherent or 50% variable nonadherent paradigm via our novel automated medication-in-food delivery system. Chronic oral dosing was initiated in male rats with chronic epilepsy while monitoring 24/7 for videoEEG evidence of seizures during a 4-week placebo baseline and 4-week treatment phase. PER concentrations were monitored in plasma at 1-week intervals and correlated with degree of seizure control. The relationship between missed doses and extended patterns of nonadherence were correlated with breakthrough seizures.Results:Fully adherent rats demonstrated a median reduction in seizure frequency of 50%, whereas nonadherent rats had a median increase of 54%. Plasma concentrations of PER were stable over the 4-week treatment period in both fully adherent and nonadherent groups, with levels being twice as high in fully adherent animals. There was no correlation between a single missed dose or series of missed doses and the incidence of breakthrough seizures. However, those animals in the nonadherent group that received PER for every meal during a 24-hour period had a reduced likelihood of seizure incidence.Conclusions. If our preclinical data is supported in the clinic, PER’s favorable pharmacokinetic profile in humans, combined with a lowered risk of breakthrough seizures suggests that it may provide a certain forgiveness factor if a dose is missed within a 24-hour window.
Broken Reproductive Health of Women Sugarcane Cutters in Maharashtra, India
Authors: Shinde Saroj , Rakshase Bal 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background:
Reproductive health is like an umbrella where many wires maintain an umbrella's contour. Likewise, certain factors should be considered to maintain women's reproductive health status. Every component of reproductive health is a crucial part of the wide-ranging reproductive cycle of women. However, when it comes to women sugarcane cutters, it becomes demanding for them to complete or maintain that cycle in the required manner.
Study Objectives:
The present research paper aims to explore the reproductive health issues of pregnant/lactating women sugarcane cutters. To understand the hardship and challenges of pregnant/lactating women while accessing the essential health services at the destined villages in Maharashtra.
Methods:
An exploratory study was conducted, which included interviews with 41 pregnant/lactating women sugarcane cutters. Along with a few critical reproductive health indicators, women’s perspectives on reproductive health-related services at the destined villages were central to this exploration.
Analysis:
Some of the significant findings of case exploration are that most of the women sugarcane cutters cannot deliver a baby in the health institute. They are not even able to register their pregnancy. Moreover, they cannot complete even a minimum of three ANC visits during pregnancy. Because of seasonal migration, women are more likely to be disconnected from access to essential reproductive health services. More importantly, after migration towards the sugar belt, pregnant or lactating mothers are not supported by any institute/agency to be attached to the health service.
Conclusion:
As per the analysis, the work of sugarcane cutting and the seasonal migration detach women from reproductive health services. Considering the recurrent phenomenon of seasonal migration, nobody has secured access to the health services of the women sugarcane cutters. The outcome of this exploration altogether marks the broken reproductive health and health exclusion of women sugarcane cutters.The study does not claim that women were denied health services at the destination. However, it questions the lack of responsiveness of health services and sugar factories toward the needs of these workers.
Substantial differences in attentional disengagement between Prolific and MTurk samples: Implications for experimental outcomes
Authors: Albert Derek A. , Smilek Daniel 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Attention often disengages from primary tasks in favor of secondary tasks (i.e., multitasking) and task-unrelated thoughts (i.e., mind wandering). In this study, we assessed whether attentional disengagement, in the context of a standard cognitive task, can substantially differ between samples collected via commonly used online participant recruitment platforms, Prolific Academic (Prolific) and Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Initially, eighty participants were recruited through Prolific to perform an attention task in which the risk of losing points for incorrect responses was varied (i.e., high risk = 80% chance of loss, low risk = 20% chance of loss). Attentional engagement was assessed by measuring task performance along with self-reported mind wandering and multitasking. On Prolific, we observed surprisingly low levels of disengagement. We then conducted the same experiment on MTurk. Strikingly, MTurk participants exhibited greater levels of disengagement than did Prolific participants. In addition, there was an interaction between risk and platform, with the high-risk group exhibiting less disengagement, in terms of better task performance, than the low-risk group, but only on MTurk. Platform differences in trait inattention and relations among study variables were also observed. Therefore, choice of recruitment platform could impact results, particularly those that relate to attentional disengagement.
Comparison Of Surgical And Conservative Treatment Outcomes For Type A Aortic Intramural Hematoma
Authors: Li Yin , Wang Jiankai , Qiu Zhibing , Chen Xin , Su Cunhua 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to compare the hospital and long-term clinical effects of different treatment methods for Standford A type aortic intramural hematoma(IMH), as to provide reference for clinical treatment.Methods This is a single center cohort study. We retrospectively selected 73 patients with Type A IMH who were treated in our center from August 1, 2018 to August 1, 2021, including 26 patients treated conservatively and 47 patients treated surgically, and compared them with 154 patients with aortic dissection (AD) who were treated surgically at the same time.Results Compared with IMH patients treated with surgery, the diameter of CTA ascending aorta of IMH patients treated with surgery was higher than that of IMH patients treated with conservative therapy (44.92 ± 7.58 vs 51.22 ± 11.85, P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in other basic data. The in-hospital mortality of patients with IMH undergoing surgical treatment was lower than that of patients with IMH undergoing conservative treatment (11.5% vs 0%, P < 0.05). The long-term mortality of conservative IMH group was higher than that of surgical IMH group (26.1% vs 8.5%, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the basic information of surgery and postoperative complications between patients with AD surgery and those with IMH surgery. The proportion of circulatory arrest time in lower body (19.98 ± 9.39 vs 17.51 ± 3.97) and arch involvement (98 (63.6%) vs 22 (46.8%)) in IMH surgery group was lower than that in AD surgery group (P < 0.05).Conclusions Compared with conservative treatment, surgical treatment of IMH significantly improves the survival rate of patients. If the patient's physical condition and surgical conditions permit, surgical intervention is the first choice. Compared with the effect of AD surgery, IMH surgery is safe.
Toward Precision Medicine Using a “Digital Twin” Approach: Modeling the Onset of Disease-Specific Brain Atrophy in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Cen Steven , Gebregziabher Mulugeta , Moazami Saeed , Azevedo Christina , Pelletier Daniel 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Digital Twin (DT) is a novel concept that may bring a paradigm shift for precision medicine. In this study we demonstrate a DT application for estimating the age of onset of disease-specific brain atrophy in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) using brain MRI. We first augmented longitudinal data from a well-fitted spline model derived from a large cross-sectional normal aging data. Then we compared different mixed spline models through both simulated and real-life data and identified the mixed spline model with the best fit. Using the appropriate covariate structure selected from 52 different candidate structures, we augmented the thalamic atrophy trajectory over the lifespan for each individual MS patient and a corresponding hypothetical twin with normal aging. Theoretically, the age at which the brain atrophy trajectory of an MS patient deviates from the trajectory of their hypothetical healthy twin can be considered as the onset of progressive brain tissue loss. With a 10-fold cross validation procedure through 1000 bootstrapping samples, we found the onset age of progressive brain tissue loss was, on average, 5–6 years prior to clinical symptom onset. Our novel approach also discovered two clear patterns of patient clusters: earlier onset vs. simultaneous onset of brain atrophy.
Seed Longevity is Controlled by Metacaspases
Authors: Moschou Panagiotis , Liu Chen , Chatzianestis Ioannis , Pfirrmann Thorsten , Salim Reza , Minina Elena , Moazzami Ali , Stael Simon , Gutierez-Beltran Emilio , Pitsili Eugenia , Dörmann Peter , D'Andrea Sabine , Gevaert Kris , Romero-Campero Francisco , Ding Pingtao , Nowack Moritz , Breusegem Frank van , Jones Jonathan , Bozhkov Peter 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

To survive extreme desiccation, seeds enter a period of dormancy that can last millennia. Seed dormancy involves the accumulation of protective storage proteins through unknown adjustments in proteasomal degradation. Mutating all six type II metacaspase (MCA-II) proteases in Arabidopsis thaliana revealed their essential roles in modulating proteasomal degradation. MCA-II mutant seeds fail to target the AAA ATPase CELL DIVISION CYCLE 48 (CDC48) at the endoplasmic reticulum to discard misfolded proteins, compromising their storability. Moreover, we show that MCA-IIs cleave a PUX (ubiquitination regulatory X domain-containing) adaptor, which is responsible for the localization of CDC48 to lipid droplets. This cleavage enables the shuttling of CDC48 between lipid droplets and the endoplasmic reticulum, constituting an important step in the regulation of spatiotemporal proteolysis. In summary, we uncovered a proteolytic pathway conferring seed longevity.
Towards achieving ultrahigh thermal stability of fine-grained alumina fibers via segregation-induced ordered superstructures
Authors: Ma Yunzhu , Wu Chaozhong , Liu Wensheng , Chen Baishan , Shi Jie , Liu Qiang , Zhan Lingjiao , Wang Juan , Yao Shuwei 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
High-strength materials often rely on their fine crystal structure, but the tendency of these crystals to coarsen at high temperatures poses a significant challenge in cutting-edge fields. Enhancing thermal stability while maintaining mechanical properties has become a complex issue in material development. In alumina ceramic fibers, we had observed that the ordered superstructures induced by segregation at the grain boundary networks of α-Al2O3 significantly enhanced the thermal stability of alumina grains without compromising their tensile strength. This led to a remarkable increase in heat-resistant temperature for fine alumina grains, which could exceed 1250 °C and thus greatly expanded the upper limit of alumina materials in high-temperature fields. Simultaneously, the phase-field simulation revealed that ordered superstructures likely reduced alumina's grain boundary diffusion coefficient to nearly match its volume diffusion coefficient. It was foreseeable that these structures would become a promising strategy for enhancing the high-temperature stability of alumina ceramic materials in the future.
A combined compost and endophyte addition improves phytostabilization by a native perennial grass in metal contaminated mine tailings
Authors: Creamer Courtney , Leewis Mary-Cathrine , Kracmarova-Farren Martina , Papík Jakub , Kacur Sean , Freeman John , Uhlík Ondřej , Foster Andrea 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background and Aims: Re-vegetation of contaminated and disturbed landscapes can reduce the transport of toxic elements while improving soil fertility. This study evaluated whether the planting of a perennial grass with diazotrophic microbial endophytes and municipal waste compost—alone and in combination—improved phytostabilization of potentially toxic trace elements in dolomite-amended tailings from a historically mined polymetallic mineral deposit.Methods We grew Bouteloua curtipendula seedlings in tailings with hazardous concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, Mn, and Zn. We evaluated how plant growth, organic matter accumulation, and minor and trace element mobilization responded to microbial endophyte and organic amendments.Results Although most of the added endophytes were not uniquely identified, the best plant growth and fertility outcomes were achieved with a combination of amendments: dolomite to reduce acidity, a compost topdressing to accumulate nitrogen in the tailings, and a mixed consortium endophyte seed coating to synergistically increase organic carbon and grass biomass yields. Combining amendments also improved phytostabilization: compost reduced the shoot forage toxicity of B. curtipendula seedlings without reducing phytostabilized contaminant yields in the rhizosphere, while endophyte inoculated grass marginally reduced total and water-extractable concentrations of toxic trace elements through enhanced mobilization.Conclusion The most effective means of reclaiming these acidic, polymetallic tailings is with a simultaneous dolomite, compost, and endophyte seed treatment.
Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Drought Characteristics in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia
Authors: Deselegn Bereket , Assefa Tewodros , Tesfaye Tewodros 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The understanding of past and future droughts is vital for the development and management of water resources at certain area. Thus, this study assessed climate change's impact on meteorological drought based on the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia. Rainfall data of nine stations for the period of 1985-2019 (historical) were obtained from the Ethiopian National Meteorological Agency. Projected rainfall data of Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios under HadGEM2-ES were obtained from the CORDEX-Africa database selected for the years 2020-2049 (near), 2050-20779 (mid), and 2080-2100 (far future). The computed SPI values were, then subjected to frequency, intensity and Mann-Kendall (MK) and Sen’s slope-based trend analyses. Accordingly, based on SPI-3 values, 325 moderate, 141 severe, and 87 extreme drought events were identified in the historical period. Similarly, for the near future, 392 moderate, 171 severe and 95 extreme drought events were identified under RCP4.5, and 456 moderate, 184 severe, and 98 extreme drought events were identified under RCP8.5 scenarios for the far future. MK trend test showed about, 69% no trend and a 19% decreasing trend at 95% confidence level in the historical period. RCP 8.5 showed a significantly decreasing trend with the S-test of -158 and Z = -1.98 in near future and (S-test= -122, Z=-2.3) in the far future. But, RCP4.5 showed decreasing trend in the mid-future (S-test=-178, Z= -2.1). In general, the results showed that drought increased in intensity, severity and duration in the historical and future periods under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios.