bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How environmental conditions, phenological periods, and production endowment affect lychee yield
Authors: Qi Wen'e , Tang Wenzhu (David) , Yan Fafa (Monica) 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe increasingly revealed effects of climate change threaten tropical fruit production. Considerable production loss and unstable yield has been observed in China and other regions with similar climate condition. Accordingly, this paper aims to explore the impacts of environmental conditions, phenological periods, and production endowments on a tropical fruit yield, namely lychee, by using the extended Cobb–Douglas model. Lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) is chosen as the focus of this study given it is one of the most climate‐sensitive tropical fruits which have important contributions to the health, economy, and culture in South China. The growth‐span was divided into four phenological periods, namely: exposure period, heading period, flowering period and maturing period. A two‐way fixed effect model is employed for county‐level mixed‐frequency panel data. This data comprises lychee yield, environmental conditions (mean temperature, minimum temperature, and precipitation), production endowments (labor input, capital input, and technical input), and phenological periods in 39 main producing counties in China from 2011 to 2019. The key conclusions of interest are (1) higher minimum temperature results in larger lychee yield, (2) higher minimum temperature in the earlier phenological period has larger positive impact on lychee yield, and (3) higher growth in technical input causes lower lychee yield, and an explanation is provided. Heterogeneity analysis further implies various effects of the minimum temperature influencing lychee yield. The minimum temperature has a significant positive effect on lychee yield in non‐coastal and non‐western counties, especially in earlier phenological periods.
Does the immune system of milk increase activity for infants experiencing infectious disease episodes in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania?
Authors: Wander Katherine , Fujita Masako , Mattison Siobhán , Gauck Megan , Duris Margaret , Kiwelu Ireen , Mmbaga Blandina T. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionMultiple studies have reported that milk immune content increases for infants experiencing infectious disease (ID) episodes, suggesting that the immune system of milk (ISOM) offers enhanced protection when needed to combat ID.MethodsTo test the hypothesis that ISOM content and/or activity increases during an infant's ID episode, we characterized milk secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA; a major ISOM constituent) and in vitro interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) responses to Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli, as system‐level biomarkers of ISOM activity, in a prospective study among 96 mother–infant dyads in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.ResultsAfter control for covariates, no milk immune variables (sIgA, Coef: 0.03; 95% CI −0.25, 0.32; in vitro IL‐6 response to S. enterica, Coef: 0.23; 95% CI: −0.67, 1.13; IL‐6 response to E. coli, Coef: −0.11; 95% CI: −0.98, 0.77) were associated with prevalent ID (diagnosed at the initial participation visit). Among infants experiencing an incident ID (diagnosed subsequent to the initial participation), milk immune content and responses were not substantially higher or lower than the initial visit (sIgA, N: 61; p: 0.788; IL‐6 response to S. enterica, N: 56; p: 0.896; IL‐6 response to E. coli, N: 36; p: 0.683); this was unchanged by exclusion of infants with ID at the time of initial participation.ConclusionThese findings are not consistent with the hypothesis that milk delivers enhanced immune protection when infants experience ID. In environments with a high burden of ID, dynamism may be less valuable to maternal reproductive success than stability in the ISOM.
Copper‐Catalyzed [3+2] Annulation of Pyridinium Ylides with α‐CF3 Ketones: Synthesis of Functionalized 2‐Fluoroindolizines
Authors: Shu Shiming , Wang Leilei , Lv Leiyang , Li Zhiping 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA copper‐catalyzed [3+2] annulation of the in situ generated pyridinium ylides with α‐CF3 ketones was realized, in which α‐CF3 ketones first acted as the synthetic equivalents of unstable fluoroalkynones. With this protocol, a series of functionalized 2‐fluoroindolizines were afforded in moderate to good yields under ambient conditions with air as the oxidant.
Genetic associations with age at dementia onset in the PSEN1 E280A Colombian kindred
Authors: Cochran Jesse Nicholas , Acosta‐Uribe Juliana , Esposito Bianca T. , Madrigal Lucia , Aguillón David , Giraldo Margarita M. , Taylor Jared W. , Bradley Joseph , Fulton‐Howard Brian , Andrews Shea J. , Acosta‐Baena Natalia , Alzate Diana , Garcia Gloria P. , Piedrahita Francisco , Lopez Hugo E. , Anderson Ashlyn G. , Rodriguez‐Nunez Ivan , Roberts Kevin , Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network  , Absher Devin , Myers Richard M. , Beecham Gary W. , Reitz Christiane , Rizzardi Lindsay F. , Fernandez Maria Victoria , Goate Alison M. , Cruchaga Carlos , Renton Alan E. , Lopera Francisco , Kosik Kenneth S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONGenetic associations with Alzheimer's disease (AD) age at onset (AAO) could reveal genetic variants with therapeutic applications. We present a large Colombian kindred with autosomal dominant AD (ADAD) as a unique opportunity to discover AAO genetic associations.METHODSA genetic association study was conducted to examine ADAD AAO in 340 individuals with the PSEN1 E280A mutation via TOPMed array imputation. Replication was assessed in two ADAD cohorts, one sporadic early‐onset AD study and four late‐onset AD studies.RESULTS13 variants had p<1×10−7 or p<1×10−5 with replication including three independent loci with candidate associations with clusterin including near CLU. Other suggestive associations were identified in or near HS3ST1, HSPG2, ACE, LRP1B, TSPAN10, and TSPAN14.DISCUSSIONVariants with suggestive associations with AAO were associated with biological processes including clusterin, heparin sulfate, and amyloid processing. The detection of these effects in the presence of a strong mutation for ADAD reinforces their potentially impactful role.
Dopant‐free NiOx Nanocrystals: A Low‐cost and Stable Hole Transport Material for Commercializing Perovskite Optoelectronics
Authors: Zhang Hong , Zhao Chenxu , Yao Jianxi , Choy Wallace C. H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAdvancing inverted (p‐i‐n) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is critical for commercial applications given their compatibility with different bottom cells for tandem photovoltaics, low‐temperature processability (≤100 °C), and promising operational stability. Although inverted PSCs have achieved an efficiency of over 25 % using doped or expensive organic hole transport materials (HTMs), their synthesis cost and stability still cannot meet the requirements for their commercialization. Recently, dopant‐free and low‐cost non‐stoichiometric nickel oxide nanocrystals (NiOx NCs) have been extensively studied as a low‐cost and effective HTM in perovskite optoelectronics. In this minireview, we summarize the synthesis and surface‐functionalization methods of NiOx NCs. Then, the applications of NiOx NCs in other perovskite optoelectronics beyond photovoltaics are discussed. Finally, we provide a perspective for the future development of NiOx NCs for the commercialization of perovskite optoelectronics.
Experimental study combined with density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulation on the mechanism of glucose alcoholysis reaction
Authors: Jia Yu , Zhao Haoran , Chen Yihang , Liang Xuanyu , Tao Hongge , Xu Guizhuan , Chang Chun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe reaction characteristics and mechanism of carbohydrates is important in exploring and developing suitable technology for biofuels and biochemical production from lignocellulosic biomass. In this study, experiments combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculation and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation were used to investigate the glucose alcoholysis reaction mechanism catalyzed by extremely low concentrated sulfuric acid. The effects of temperature and tetrahydrofuran (THF) on the distribution of the product in the alcoholysis process of high‐concentration glucose were investigated. DFT calculation results showed that the addition of THF in ethanol can decrease the energy barrier of glucose degradation. Meanwhile, the MD simulation indicated that the catalyst tends to localize more around the glucose molecular, which was beneficial to the glucose degradation in ethanol. Combining the experimental and theoretical results, plausible glucose alcoholysis reaction pathways were proposed in this work. It was found that when temperature was lower than 190°C, the three main pathways were glucose conversion into ethyl glucoside (EDGP); glucose conversion into 1,6‐anhydro‐β‐d‐glucopyranose (LG), then further to levoglucosone (LGO), furans, or 1,4:3,6‐dianhydro‐α‐d‐glucopyranose (DGP); and glucose conversion to fructose. However, at higher temperatures (190 and 220°C), the main reaction pathways were, glucose conversion into LG, LGO, and ethyl levulinate (EL); glucose conversion into fructose, 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), 5‐ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF), and EL; and glucose conversion into humins. DFT, MD simulation, and experimental results showed that the addition of THF is beneficial for the EDGP formation from high concentration glucose catalyzed by Brønsted acid.
Doubly cross‐linked polymer gels with ultra‐high‐thermal stability for hydrofracking
Authors: Chen Hao , Lv Yongli , Zhang Sheng , Yin Hongyao , Feng Yujun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCross‐linked polymer gels have been commonly utilized in the hydraulic fracturing process for stimulating oil and gas production; however, their weak thermal stability still impedes their more broadly use. Here we report doubly cross‐linked polymer gel consists of a high‐viscosity friction reducer (HVFR), poly‐(acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid‐co‐2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propane‐sulfonic acid), and crosslinkers zirconium ion (Zr4+) and polyethyleneimine (PEI). The mixture solution of HVFR/Zr4+/PEI can be gelled spontaneously via heating to form double cross‐linked polymer gel due to the formation of physical and chemical crosslinks. The electrostatic interactions of Zr4+ and carboxylate moieties from HVFR to form first physically cross‐linked network at low temperature; the transamidation reaction between amide groups of HVFR and primary amines of PEI to generate second chemically cross‐linked network at high temperature. More significantly, the physical and chemical crosslinks can work synergistically to improve thermal stability of double cross‐linked polymer gel as compared to single cross‐linked polymer gel counterparts, which is capable of reaching fluid service temperatures up to 190°C. The double cross‐linked polymer gel features delayed crosslinking performance, the physically cross‐linked reaction of HVFR and Zr4+ occurs at approximately 52°C, while the onset of chemical crosslink of HVFR and PEI can be tuned from 154 to 180°C. Moreover, double cross‐linked polymer gel provides a high viscosity at ultra‐high temperatures, with remarkable heat‐ and shear‐resistance as well as proppant carrying capacity in hydrofracking process. The double cross‐linked polymer gel also can be completely broken with no apparent residues. This double cross‐linked polymer gel may provide a new approach for polymer gels used in ultra‐high‐temperature reservoirs.
Differentiable Imaging: A New Tool for Computational Optical Imaging
Authors: Chen Ni , Cao Liangcai , Poon Ting‐Chung , Lee Byoungho , Lam Edmund Y. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe field of computational imaging has made significant advancements in recent years, yet it still faces limitations due to the restrictions imposed by traditional computational techniques. Differentiable programming offers a solution by combining the strengths of classical optimization and deep learning, enabling the creation of interpretable model‐based neural networks. Through the integration of physics into the modeling process, differentiable imaging, which employs differentiable programming in computational imaging, has the potential to overcome challenges posed by sparse, incomplete, and noisy data. As a result, it has the potential to play a key role in advancing the field of computational imaging and its various applications.
N‐Heterocyclic Imine‐Supported Bimetallic Cu(II) Catalyst for Azide‐Alkyne Cycloaddition: Solvent‐free, Reductant‐free, ppm‐level Catalysis to Access 1,4‐Disubstituted Triazoles
Authors: Revathi Shanmugam , Ghatak Tapas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this article, we present a unique bimetallic paddle wheel copper(II) complex with the molecular formula [Cu2C42H54N6O8]. Several characterization tools have been employed to analyze this complex including single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, HRMS, FTIR, and UV‐vis spectroscopy. This copper(II) complex excels admirably as a catalytic system in parts‐per‐million level (ppm) loading for the azide‐alkyne ‘click’ reaction under solvent‐free conditions, allowing for the quantitative conversion of numerous 1,4‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazole. The specially designed coordinated ligand (perimidin‐2‐imine) in the Cu(II) complex accelerates the reaction rate significantly during the oxidative homocoupling reaction (OHC) and acts as a base for Cu‐coordinated alkyne deprotonation. It has been demonstrated that the catalyst loading of 2.5 ppm is adequate to catalyze the cycloaddition of benzyl azide to phenylacetylene, leading to the extremely high turnover number of 120000 and a turnover frequency of 5000 h−1. Synergistic evidence from stoichiometric reactions and experimental results provides insights into the plausible mechanism for the reaction. Each copper atom contributes to the outcome of the proposed reaction, one by bonding to the acetylide and the other by activating the azide as part of a bimetallic synergistic pathway.
Organic transformations of isocyanides classified by their activation strategies
Authors: Kim Jungwon , Hong Soon Hyeok 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIsocyanides have been extensively utilized in organic synthesis to construct valuable chemical structures. Classical Ugi 4‐component reaction is the robust method to access diversely functionalized peptoids. By using well‐established cyclization techniques, a variety of nitrogen heterocycles from commercially accessible compounds have been efficiently synthesized. Several transition metal‐catalyzed processes have been developed to utilize isocyanide as a useful carbonyl nitrogen synthon. Recently developed synthetic methods, such as C–H bond activation and visible‐light photocatalysis, have been adopted to the isocyanide chemistry to enhance the efficiency, availability, and novelty of the chemical processes. This review summarizes the reactivity of isocyanide classified by the activation modes of electrophilic, nucleophilic, and radical species, together with the seminal discoveries and recent advances in the past 10 years.
Construction and analysis of evaluation model for medical students' innovation competency based on research‐oriented biochemistry and molecular biology course in China
Authors: Fan Guanhua , Huang Zijian , Sun Hong , Li Zihua , Wu Xiaoman , Li Congsen , Lin Chunbiao , Zhan Weijie , Li Zibo , Zheng Chunwen , Xie Weijie , Zou Haiying , Wu Bingli , Fang Wangkai , Xu Liyan , Yang Mianhua , Zheng Shaoyan , Li Enmin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPresently, a variety of policies and measures has implemented to enhance the scientific research and innovation ability of medical students, but in the process of practice, there are many problems, such as they lack of independent topic selection ability, weak scientific research skills, lack of autonomous learning ability, the research results are simple and ineffective, limited teacher guidance time and so on. This paper attempted to build an effective model for the promotion of medical students' scientific research and innovation ability, in order to establish an efficacy evaluation model of the “Medical students' Innovative Scientific Research Program.” Undergraduates, graduate assistants, and tutors were interviewed with the Behavioral Event Interview technique, and a questionnaire of efficacy evaluation characteristics concluded from the interviews was formed. The questionnaire was conducted on medical students in the Medical students' Innovative Scientific Research Program, and the constructed model was analyzed using reliability analysis, validity analysis, and variation analysis. At the same time, the experimental teaching models are summarized and combed, and compared with other methods such as independent sample test. The results show the model could effectively evaluate the efficacy of the Medical students' Innovative Scientific Research Program and its teaching model is effective in cultivating medical students' learning and scientific research ability. It can provide theoretical support and practical reference for the evaluation and reform of the teaching modes related to the cultivation of scientific and innovative ability of medical students.
An agile, data‐driven approach for target selection in rTMS therapy for anxiety symptoms: Proof of concept and preliminary data for two novel targets
Authors: Young Isabella M. , Taylor Hugh M. , Nicholas Peter J. , Mackenzie Alana , Tanglay Onur , Dadario Nicholas B. , Osipowicz Karol , Davis Ethan , Doyen Stephane , Teo Charles , Sughrue Michael E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionData‐driven approaches to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) might yield more consistent and symptom‐specific results based on individualized functional connectivity analyses compared to previous traditional approaches due to more precise targeting. We provide a proof of concept for an agile target selection paradigm based on using connectomic methods that can be used to detect patient‐specific abnormal functional connectivity, guide treatment aimed at the most abnormal regions, and optimize the rapid development of new hypotheses for future study.MethodsWe used the resting‐state functional MRI data of 28 patients with medically refractory generalized anxiety disorder to perform agile target selection based on abnormal functional connectivity patterns between the Default Mode Network (DMN) and Central Executive Network (CEN). The most abnormal areas of connectivity within these regions were selected for subsequent targeted TMS treatment by a machine learning based on an anomalous functional connectivity detection matrix. Areas with mostly hyperconnectivity were stimulated with continuous theta burst stimulation and the converse with intermittent theta burst stimulation. An image‐guided accelerated theta burst stimulation paradigm was used for treatment.ResultsAreas 8Av and PGs demonstrated consistent abnormalities, particularly in the left hemisphere. Significant improvements were demonstrated in anxiety symptoms, and few, minor complications were reported (fatigue (n = 2) and headache (n = 1)).ConclusionsOur study suggests that a left‐lateralized DMN is likely the primary functional network disturbed in anxiety‐related disorders, which can be improved by identifying and targeting abnormal regions with a rapid, data‐driven, agile aTBS treatment on an individualized basis.
Continuity of care and advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Jayadevappa Ravishankar , Guzzo Thomas , Vapiwala Neha , Malkowicz Stanley Bruce , Gallo Joseph J. , Chhatre Sumedha 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundContinuity of care is an important element of advanced prostate cancer care due to the availability of multiple treatment options, and associated toxicity. However, the association between continuity of care and outcomes across different racial groups remains unclear.ObjectiveTo assess the association of provider continuity of care with outcomes among Medicare fee‐for‐service beneficiaries with advanced prostate cancer and its variation by race.DesignRetrospective cohort study using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare data.SubjectsAfrican American and white Medicare beneficiaries aged 66 or older, and diagnosed with advanced prostate cancer between 2000 and 2011. At least 5 years of follow‐up data for the cohort was used.MeasuresShort‐term outcomes were emergency room (ER) visits, hospitalizations, and cost during acute survivorship phase (2‐year post‐diagnosis), and mortality (all‐cause and prostate cancer‐specific) during the follow‐up period. We calculated continuity of care using Continuity of Care Index (COCI) and Usual Provider Care Index (UPCI), for all visits, oncology visits, and primary care visits in acute survivorship phase. We used Poisson models for ER visits and hospitalizations, and log‐link GLM for cost. Cox model and Fine‐Gray competing risk models were used for survival analysis, weighted by propensity score. We performed similar analysis for continuity of care in the 2‐year period following acute survivorship phase.ResultsOne unit increase in COCI was associated with reduction in short‐term ER visits (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.64, 0.67), hospitalizations (IRR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.64, 0.67), and cost (0.64, 95% CI 0.61, 0.66) and lower hazard of long‐term mortality. Magnitude of these associations differed between African American and white patients. We observed comparable results for continuity of care in the follow‐up period.ConclusionsContinuity of care was associated with improved outcomes. The benefits of higher continuity of care were greater for African Americans, compared to white patients. Advanced prostate cancer survivorship care must integrate appropriate strategies to promote continuity of care.
Development of a Novel Tool To Demystify Drug Distribution at Tissue‐Blood Barriers
Authors: Hughes Elizabeth A. , Zieliński Rafał , Ray Ashley E. , Priebe Waldemar , Douglass Junior Eugene F. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTissue endothelial cells express ABC‐transporter enzymes that change the concentration of small molecules within different tissue compartments. These “blood‐tissue barriers” have been shown to directly affect the efficacy and toxicity of anticancer, antimicrobial, psychiatric, and anti‐epileptic drugs. Currently this phenomenon is best studied for the blood‐brain barrier, but remains enigmatic for most other tissues. In addition, canonical pharmacokinetic theory specifically assumes an equal concentration of free drug within all tissue compartments. Inspired by Lipinski's “rule of 5,” we here clarify current knowledge on drug–tissue distribution by: 1) curating the in‐vivo literature on 73 drugs across 23 tissues and 2) developing two graphical web‐based applications to visually describe and interpret data. Thesecurated in‐vivo datasetandvisualization toolsenabled us to achieve new insights into the logic of the barrier‐tissue organization and showed remarkable correspondence to whole‐body imaging of radiolabeled molecules.