bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perspectives on joint EANM/SNMMI/ANZSNM practice guidelines/procedure standards for [18F]FDG PET/CT imaging during immunomodulatory treatments in patients with solid tumors
Authors: Lopci E. , Aide N. , Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss A. , Dercle L. , Iravani A. , Seban R. D. , Sachpekidis C. , Humbert O. , Gheysens O. , Glaudemans A. W. J. M. , Weber W. A. , Van den Abbeele A. D. , Wahl R. L. , Scott A. M. , Pandit-Taskar N. , Hicks R. J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractResponse assessment in the context of immunomodulatory treatments represents a major challenge for the medical imaging community and requires a multidisciplinary approach with involvement of oncologists, radiologists, and nuclear medicine specialists. There is evolving evidence that [18F]FDG PET/CT is a useful diagnostic modality for this purpose. The clinical indications for, and the principal aspects of its standardization in this context have been detailed in the recently published “Joint EANM/SNMMI/ANZSNM practice guidelines/procedure standards on recommended use of [18F]FDG PET/CT imaging during immunomodulatory treatments in patients with solid tumors version 1.0”. These recommendations arose from a fruitful collaboration between international nuclear medicine societies and experts in cancer treatment. In this perspective, the key elements of the initiative are reported, summarizing the core aspects of the guidelines for radiologists and nuclear medicine physicians. Beyond the previous guidelines, this perspective adds further commentary on how this technology can advance development of novel therapeutic approaches and guide management of individual patients.
Adaptation of the Turkish version of the obsession with COVID-19 scale (TR-OCS): its association with psychological distress and resilience
Authors: Kartol Aslı , Söner Osman 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic adversely affected the physical and mental health of individuals. Measures required to prevent the spread of the virus, such as isolation, hygiene, mask use, and lockdown, led individuals to develop obsessive thoughts and behaviors. This study aims to adapt the obsession with COVID-19 scale (OCS) to Turkish culture. This four-item scale aims at measuring obsessive thoughts related to COVID-19. The study group consisted of 870 participants from seven regions of Turkey. Data from different groups were collected for exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Data for the exploratory factor analysis were collected from 296 (71.5%) females and 118 (28.5%) males (n = 414). For the confirmatory factor analysis, data were collected from 301 (66.0%) females and 155 (34.0%) males (n = 456). As a result of the analysis, the one-dimensional structure of the TR-OCS was confirmed in the Turkish sample. It was revealed that TR-OCS scores had a positive relationship with depression, anxiety, and stress but a negative relationship with resilience. The findings confirmed that the TR-OCS was valid and reliable. This scale is a short and effective tool for measuring obsessive thoughts related to COVID-19.
Parameters estimation of AC transmission line by an improved moth flame optimization method
Authors: Shaikh Muhammad Suhail , Raj Saurav , Ikram Muniba , Khan Waqar 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe parameters calculation for a transmission line is described in the proposed work, and the estimation of transmission line parameters is essential for properly managing transmission and distribution networks. The research work deals with the concept of optimization of the transmission line parameters. To this purpose, an improved moth flame optimization technique is applied to different test cases of the transmission lines. Moth movement with respect to the light source is the basis for improved moth flame optimization. In this research work, simulations are performed on various test cases to determine the effectiveness of the suggested method. Results from the suggested method are compared with those from other methods mentioned in the literature. The comparison shows that the proposed method rapidly and smoothly converges to the best-obtained value. The improved moth flame optimization performs better than other algorithms in terms of solution quality and feasibility, proving its effectiveness and competence. The optimal values obtained for capacitance in ($$\mathrm{\mu F}$$μF) are 0.22406, 0.022935, and 0.0049734, and for inductance in (mH) are 0.65055, 0.41258, and −0.76593, respectively.
An overview of PROTACs: a promising drug discovery paradigm
Authors: Liu Zi , Hu Mingxing , Yang Yu , Du Chenghao , Zhou Haoxuan , Liu Chengyali , Chen Yuanwei , Fan Lei , Ma Hongqun , Gong Youling , Xie Yongmei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractProteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) technology has emerged as a novel therapeutic paradigm in recent years. PROTACs are heterobifunctional molecules that degrade target proteins by hijacking the ubiquitin–proteasome system. Currently, about 20–25% of all protein targets are being studied, and most works focus on their enzymatic functions. Unlike small molecules, PROTACs inhibit the whole biological function of the target protein by binding to the target protein and inducing subsequent proteasomal degradation. PROTACs compensate for limitations that transcription factors, nuclear proteins, and other scaffolding proteins are difficult to handle with traditional small-molecule inhibitors. Currently, PROTACs have successfully degraded diverse proteins, such as BTK, BRD4, AR, ER, STAT3, IRAK4, tau, etc. And ARV-110 and ARV-471 exhibited excellent efficacy in clinical II trials. However, what targets are appropriate for PROTAC technology to achieve better benefits than small-molecule inhibitors are not fully understood. And how to rationally design an efficient PROTACs and optimize it to be orally effective poses big challenges for researchers. In this review, we summarize the features of PROTAC technology, analyze the detail of general principles for designing efficient PROTACs, and discuss the typical application of PROTACs targeting different protein categories. In addition, we also introduce the progress of relevant clinical trial results of representative PROTACs and assess the challenges and limitations that PROTACs may face. Collectively, our studies provide references for further application of PROTACs.
A Symptoms and Signs Approach to the Patient With Neuromuscular Weakness
Authors: Silvestri Nicholas J. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Muscle weakness is a common feature of many neuromuscular disorders. This article outlines a symptoms and signs approach to the patient presenting with neuromuscular weakness, highlighting key aspects of the clinical history and examination.

RECENT FINDINGS
The past several years have seen a dramatic increase in the ability to test for many inherited and autoimmune neuromuscular disorders more reliably and accurately. Similarly, numerous targeted therapies have been recently approved to treat previously untreatable disorders. Therefore, timely and accurate diagnosis is essential so that patients can receive appropriate therapy, ultimately leading to better clinical outcomes.

SUMMARY
Muscle weakness is a common symptom resulting from dysfunction that can occur at any level of the neuraxis and is a cardinal feature of many neuromuscular disorders. An accurate and meticulous history and a thorough neurologic examination are paramount in localizing the lesion in order to generate a differential diagnosis and guide appropriate ancillary testing. The patient’s age at symptom onset, any identified inciting factors, tempo of symptom progression, pattern of weakness, and associated symptoms and signs are all important diagnostic clues in the evaluation of a patient presenting with muscle weakness.
Muscle Channelopathies
Authors: Trivedi Jaya R. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article describes the clinical features, diagnosis, pathophysiology, and management of nondystrophic myotonia and periodic paralysis.

RECENT FINDINGS
An increasing awareness exists about the genotype-phenotype overlap in skeletal muscle channelopathies, and thus genetic testing is needed to make a definitive diagnosis. Electrodiagnostic testing in channelopathies is highly specialized with significant overlap in various mutation subtypes. Randomized clinical trials have now been conducted in these disorders with expanded treatment options for patients with muscle channelopathies.

SUMMARY
Skeletal muscle channelopathies are rare heterogeneous conditions characterized by lifelong symptoms that require a comprehensive management plan that includes pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions. The significant variability in biophysical features of various mutations, coupled with the difficulties of performing clinical trials in rare diseases, makes it challenging to design and implement treatment trials for muscle channelopathies.
The Parasitical Trick: Mediating Dispossession in Early America
Authors: Plaue Ethan A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHow do settlers organize their discursive relationship with the lands they settle, in order to claim, conceptually and materially, the position of owner and occupant? What must they do to transform themselves, in their eyes and in the eyes of others, from parasite to host? And in what ways have these practices been contested? This article addresses these questions in the historical context of early American settler colonialism and demonstrates the relational structure that colonial legitimation requires, including how this structure is mediated by subjects not strictly part of that relation. Through readings of John Marshall, Mary Rowlandson, James Printer, and Martin R. Delany, this article brings together the fields of media philosophy and settler colonial studies to theorize the “parasitical trick” as a fundamental and flexible technique of settler colonialism that removes Indigenous people from relationality by, paradoxically, making them central to it.
Insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I receptors in astrocytes exert different effects on behavior and Alzheimer´s-like pathology
Authors: Zegarra-Valdivia Jonathan , Fernandez Ana M. , Martinez-Rachadell Laura , Herrero-Labrador Raquel , Fernandes Jansen , Torres Aleman Ignacio 
Published: December 2022

Background: Pleiotropic actions of insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in the brain are context- and cell-dependent, but whether this holds for their receptors (insulin receptor (IR) and IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR), respectively), is less clear. Methods: We compared mice lacking IR or IGF-IR in glial fibrillary astrocytic protein (GFAP)-expressing astrocytes in a tamoxifen-regulated manner, to clarify their role in this type of glial cells, as the majority of data of their actions in brain have been obtained in neurons. Results: We observed that mice lacking IR in GFAP astrocytes (GFAP IR KO mice) develop mood disturbances and maintained intact cognition, while at the same time show greater pathology when cross-bred with APP/PS1 mice, a model of familial Alzheimer´s disease (AD). Conversely, mice lacking IGF-IR in GFAP astrocytes (GFAP-IGF-IR KO mice) show cognitive disturbances, maintained mood tone, and show control-dependent changes in AD-like pathology. Conclusions: These observations confirm that the role of IR and IGF-IR in the brain is cell-specific and context-dependent.
Ultracompact, high-extinction ratio XOR, OR, and Feynman logic gates based on plasmonic metal–insulator–metal directional couplers
Authors: Tannaz Sirous , Moradkhani Mojtaba , Taherzade Mahshid , Rezaei Mir Hamid 
Published: December 2022

Three plasmonic logic gates including XOR, OR, and Feynman based on directional couplers operating in the optical communications band are proposed. First, a 3 dB directional coupler based on metal–insulator–metal waveguides is presented and its operation principles are investigated using the coupled mode theory method. Then, XOR and OR logic gates are implemented simultaneously in one structure. The simulations performed by the finite-difference time-domain method show that the extinction ratios for the OR and XOR gates are infinite and 29.3 dB, respectively. The Feynman gate is also implemented using two directional couplers placed parallel to each other. The ER values for outputs

P

and

Q

are 7.26 dB and 34.23 dB, respectively. The footprints of the XOR/OR and Feynman structures are less than

8

µ

m

2

and

12

µ

m

2

, respectively. The presented gates have a high potential to be used in photonic integrated circuits.
High-speed rendering pipeline for polygon-based holograms
Authors: Wang Fan , Ito Tomoyoshi , Shimobaba Tomoyoshi 
Published: December 2022

As an important three-dimensional (3D) display technology, computer-generated holograms (CGHs) have been facing challenges of computational efficiency and realism. The polygon-based method, as the mainstream CGH algorithm, has been widely studied and improved over the past 20 years. However, few comprehensive and high-speed methods have been proposed. In this study, we propose an analytical spectrum method based on the principle of spectral energy concentration, which can achieve a speedup of nearly 30 times and generate high-resolution (8K) holograms with low memory requirements. Based on the Phong illumination model and the sub-triangles method, we propose a shading rendering algorithm to achieve a very smooth and realistic reconstruction with only a small increase in computational effort. Benefiting from the idea of triangular subdivision and octree structures, the proposed original occlusion culling scheme can closely crop the overlapping areas with almost no additional overhead, thus rendering a 3D parallax sense. With this, we built a comprehensive high-speed rendering pipeline of polygon-based holograms capable of computing any complex 3D object. Numerical and optical reconstructions confirmed the generalizability of the pipeline.
Socioeconomic disparities in diabetes prevalence and management among the adult population in Bangladesh
Authors: Ahsan Karar Zunaid , Iqbal Afrin , Jamil Kanta , Haider M. Moinuddin , Khan Shusmita Hossain , Chakraborty Nitai , Streatfield Peter Kim 
Published: December 2022

Background
Diabetes, one of the major metabolic disorders, is rising in Bangladesh. Studies indicate there is inequality in prevalence and care-seeking behavior, which requires further exploration to understand the socioeconomic disparities in the pathophysiology of diabetes. This study examined the latest nationally representative estimates of diabetes prevalence, awareness, and management among adults aged 18 years and above in Bangladesh and its association with socioeconomic status in 2017–18.

Methods
We used the 2017–18 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey data. Diabetic status of 12,092 adults aged 18 years and above was measured in the survey using fasting plasma glucose levels. We applied multivariate logistic regressions to examine the role of socioeconomic status on diabetes prevalence, awareness, and management, after controlling for relevant covariates.

Results
Overall, 10% of adults had diabetes in Bangladesh in 2017–18, with the highest prevalence of 16% in the age group 55−64 years. Our analyses found statistically significant disparities by socioeconomic status in the prevalence of diabetes as well as the person’s awareness of his/her diabetic condition. However, the effect of socioeconomic status on receiving anti-diabetic medication only approached significance (p = 0.07), and we found no significant association between socioeconomic status and control of diabetes.

Conclusions
We expect to see an ‘accumulation’ of the number of people with diabetes to continue in the coming years. The rising prevalence of diabetes is only the tip of an iceberg; a large number of people with uncontrolled diabetes and a lack of awareness of their condition will lead to increased morbidity and mortality, and that could be the real threat. Immediate measures to increase screening coverage and exploration of poor control of diabetes are required to mitigate the situation.
Patient expectations and satisfaction in hand surgery: A new assessment approach through a valid and reliable survey questionnaire
Authors: Choi Shin Woo , Bae Joo-Yul , Shin Young Ho , Jung Young Joo , Park Ha Sung , Kim Jae Kwang 
Published: December 2022

Introduction
Assessing patient expectations in orthopaedic surgery has gained significant importance over time. However, there have been only a few studies on how to measure such expectations in hand surgery. Against the backdrop, the study was designed to develop a valid and reliable expectations survey for patients undergoing hand surgery and to identify the correlations between preoperative expectations and postoperative satisfaction.

Materials and methods
This is a three-phase prospective cohort study. In the first phase of the study (146 patients), patient expectations were assessed while developing a draft questionnaire based on frequency and clinical relevance. In the second phase (154 patients newly included), test-retest reliability was measured to ensure test consistency. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) served as a basis for developing the final survey questionnaire. In the third phase, we followed up with patients, who completed the preoperative expectations survey, 3 months after surgery to assess the fulfillment of their expectations. The Pearson correlation method was used to measure the association between preoperative expectations and postoperative satisfaction.

Results
In the first phase, 146 patients shared 406 different expectations, which were grouped into nine categories. Then, in the second phase, the final survey was populated by questionnaire items under respective category that have revealed strong test-retest reliability (ICC of 0.91). A significant positive correlation between patient expectations and satisfaction was observed (R = 0.181, p = 0.034).

Conclusion
The survey was designed to offer a valid and reliable approach for the comprehensive assessment of patient expectations in hand surgery. The survey results show that patients with high expectations tend to be more satisfied with surgical outcomes. It is strongly believed that this approach would serve as a useful tool at a time when patient perspective is taken into account increasingly more in the clinical practice.
Chronic kidney disease in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease at primary healthcare centers in Korea
Authors: Nah Eun-Hee , Shin Sug Kyun , Cho Seon , Park Hyeran , Kim Suyoung , Kwon Eunjoo , Cho Han-Ik 
Published: December 2022

Background
The prevalence rates of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are expected to increase with the rising trends in diabetes and obesity associated with aging populations. Considering the impacts of coexistent NAFLD and CKD on morbidity and mortality rates, screening strategies for groups at high-risk of CKD are needed in community-dwelling individuals with NAFLD. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and distribution of CKD in NAFLD, as well as the risk factors for CKD and the correlation with liver fibrosis in asymptomatic individuals with NAFLD at primary healthcare centers in Korea.

Methods
This retrospective cross-sectional study used data from 13 health-promotion centers in 10 Korean cities. Liver steatosis and stiffness were assessed using ultrasonography and magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), respectively. CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate of <60 mL/min/1.73m2, and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio or proteinuria. CKD was categorized into four stages: no CKD, mild, moderate, and severe. Comparisons according to the CKD stages in NAFLD were performed using Student’s t-test or the chi-square test. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for CKD and the correlation with liver fibrosis in NAFLD.

Results
The prevalence of CKD was 12.4% in NAFLD. Albuminuria (16.2%) and proteinuria (8.0%) were more prevalent in NAFLD. NAFLD (odd ratio = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.09–1.48, P = 0.003) was independently associated with CKD of at least mild stage. However, there was no significant association between CKD of at least moderate stage and NAFLD after adjusting for age and a metabolically unhealthy status. CKD was associated with significant liver fibrosis as measured by MRE in NAFLD.

Conclusion
The presence of NAFLD and liver fibrosis were independent risk factors for CKD, but NAFLD was not an independent risk factor for the later stages of CKD.
A propósito de Yo, Daniel Blake (2016)
Authors: Cordori-Carpio Janet , Chávez-Bautista Ricardo , Chávez-Escate Alejandra , Carrión-Chambilla Mario , Contreras-Pulache Hans 
Published: December 2022

Este artículo presenta un análisis sobre la película “I, Daniel Blake” (2016), filme que nos pone en la posición de una persona con una enfermedad crónica degenerativa, mostrándonos el punto de vista de un paciente y su vivencia fuera de los muros del hospital, dentro de un sistema de salud europeo burocratizado y estandarizado que no cubre las necesidades individuales de los enfermos. Se consideran distintos aspectos de interés en este análisis, útiles para la formación universitaria en medicina humana, como lo son; la amenaza que puede significar que el sistema de salud se enfoque en la eficiencia y eficacia de la gestión por encima del bienestar del paciente y la comprensión de relevancia del contexto individual, familiar y comunitario del mismo, evidenciando que el ejercicio y desarrollo de la medicina integral es indispensable para una apropiada atención a los pacientes.
Transaxillary hemithyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy: mastering the technique
Authors: Bondarenko Yu. S. , Salikhov D. M. , Petrovsky A. N. 
Published: December 2022

Background. The relevance of endoscopic interventions on the thyroid and parathyroid glands is beyond doubt, and this explains the interest in this promising choice of surgical approach both among surgeons and patients who want to avoid a scar on the neck.Aim. To evaluate the first results of own endoscopic interventions in patients with diseases of the thyroid and parathyroid glands.Materials and methods. In the Research Institute of KCH N 1 named after prof. S.V. Ochapovsky from December 2020 to April 2022, 23 hemithyroidectomies and 8 paraadenomectomies were performed using endoscopic techniques for benign neoplasms of the thyroid and parathyroid glands. All patients in the preoperative period underwent ultrasound, TAPB + CI (for thyroid pathology), and the hormonal background was studied. Indications for endoscopic hemithyroidectomy in 18 cases were colloid goiter, in 5 cases — follicular adenoma. The indication for endoscopic paraadenomectomy in all cases was primary hyperparathyroidism. We used endoscopic three-port axillary-mammary gas access. Under the ETN, an incision was made along the outer edge of the pectoralis major muscle (m. pectoralis major). Carbon dioxide was injected into the pancreas using a Verish needle. A 5 mm port was inserted along the edge of the areola. Another 10 mm trocar was installed at the attachment points (m. pectoralis major).Results. The average operation time was 190.4 minutes for endoscopic hemithyroidectomy and 78.6 minutes for endoscopic paraadenomectomy. With the increase in the number of performed operations, there was a decrease in the duration of surgical interventions. In two cases in patients after hemithyroidectomy, seromas up to 20 ml in volume were noted in the postoperative period, which required puncture interventions (once).Conclusion. Endoscopic interventions on the thyroid and parathyroid glands from axillary access are a safe method of surgical intervention, and the cosmetic result is an indisputable advantage of this method.