bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Global Perspective on Medicinal Plants and Phytochemicals with Antiviral Potentials in the Respiratory System
Authors: Mohamadi Neda , Sharififar Fariba , Rameshk Maryam , Khandani Shahram Kalantari 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:Drug development has a great deal to gain from the therapeutic and preventative actions of medicinal plants and their derivatives. In order to introduce active medicinal herbs and phytochemicals against viral infections of the respiratory system, we tried to focus on a vast amount of data.Methods:From 2000 to the present, articles from Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar were taken into consideration. A combination of respiratory viral infection with keywords of medicinal plants, phytochemicals, flavonoids, saponins, phenolics, terpenoids, alkaloids, and natural products has been used, as well as keywords of antiviral medicinal plants, and antiviral phytochemicals. Pure antiviral compounds and plants with activity against viruses other than respiratory viruses were disregarded and excluded from consideration.Results:More than eighty phytochemicals and sixty herbs that were subjected to in vitro and in vivo investigations were documented. The current study collects information on multiple medicinal plants, including Camellia sinensis, Sambucus nigra, Pelargonium sidoides, Echinacea purpurea, and Glycyrrhiza glabra, which have been shown to have effective antiviral properties through experimental research. The main antiviral phytochemicals were terpenoids, alkaloids, and flavonoids. Additionally, chemicals including resveratrol, quercetin, chlorogenic acid, amentoflavone A, biochanin, and glycyrrhizin demonstrated efficacy against many viral infections.Conclusion:For the management of viral infections, the current review on the development of novel antiviral medications is strongly advised. It also provides a possibility to discover anti-Covid-19 lead compounds and can offer supportive treatment in this pandemic situation.
Formulation Containing Phytosomes of Crocin-Rich Extract from
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis and Petroselinic Acid from Coriandrum sativum
seeds Exhibits Sunscreen and Moisturizing Effects
Authors: Kolambe Mansi Ravindra , Naik Archana Arvind , Gadgoli Chhaya Harihar 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Orange coloured tubular calyx of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis can be utilized as a substitute for saffron due to the presence of crocin, an apocarotenoid, which can act as a sun-screen agent. Petroselinic acid is reported to have a moisturizing effect on the skin.

Objective:
To utilize the tubular calyx of Nyctanthes arbor- tristis as an economical source of crocin and Coriandrum sativum seed oil as a source of petroselinic acid for the development of a stable phytosomal gel formulation and to evaluate its sunscreen and moisturizing activities.

Methodology:
Phytosomes of standardized crocin-rich extract and petroselinic acid were prepared separately by lipid film hydration technique. The phytosomes were then incorporated into a gel base prepared from dehydroxanthan gum, and it was evaluated for in-vitro sunscreen activity by using Mansur’s equation. Moisturizing effect of the phytosomal gel was evaluated on 10 healthy female volunteers with their informed consent, and the water content of the stratum corneum was measured by using a Digital Moisture detector pen before and 5 hours later the application of the gel.

Results:
Mean initial moisture content of the skin was found to be 30.08 %, which was signifi-cantly (P < 0.05) raised to 45.59% at the end of 5 hours. Sun Protection Factor was found to be 15.09 and with a Boot Star rating of 2.

Conclusion:
Entrapping the phytoconstituents in vesicles increased stability, and the formulation was found to have moderate protection and a good moisturizing effect on the skin.
Energy and emission properties of burley tobacco stalk briquettes and its combinations with other biomass as promising replacement for coal
Authors: Malnar Maja , Radojičić Vesna , Kulić Gordana , Dinić Zoran , Cvetković Olga 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
As a tobacco producer, Serbia has to deal with large amounts of leftover tobacco stalks after harvesting. One option for this type of biomass is to burn it, but burning is not encouraged in Serbia, since the levels of its combustion products have not been investigated yet. The aim of this study was therefore to determine the elemental composition, ash and nicotine content, heat values, and composition of gaseous combustion products of tobacco stalk briquettes and to see if their mixing with other types of biomass available in Serbia could improve their ecological profile. We made 11 different types of briquettes: six of pure raw materials, including burley tobacco stalks, sunflower head remains, wheat straw, corncob, soy straw, and beech sawdust and five by mixing tobacco stalks with these other raw materials in a 50:50 mass ratio. All briquettes meet the ecological criteria regarding the emission limits for nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. Nicotine content in flue gases (<10 mg/kg) is far below the maximum level allowed by the European Union. Heat values of all biomass samples are acceptable, although lower than those specified for solid biofuels (≥16.0 MJ/kg), save for corncob and beech sawdust and their mixtures with tobacco stalks. Our findings therefore encourage the use of tobacco stalks as a viable biofuel.
New in vitro findings about halogenated boroxine cytotoxicity and deregulation of cell death-related genes in GR-M melanoma cells
Authors: Elez-Burnjaković Nikolina , Pojskić Lejla , Haverić Anja , Lojo-Kadrić Naida , Omanović Maida Hadžić , Ramić Jasmin , Smajlović Ajla , Maksimović Milka , Haverić Sanin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Anti-proliferative effects of halogenated boroxine – K2(B3O3F4OH) (HB) – have been confirmed in multiple cancer cell lines, including melanoma, but the exact mechanism of action is still unknown. This study aimed to determine its cytotoxic effects on human Caucasian melanoma (GR-M) cell growth in vitro as well as on the expression of cell death-related genes BCL-2, BECN1, DRAM1, and SQSTM1. GR-M and peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) cells were treated with different HB concentrations and their growth inhibition and relative gene expression profiles were determined using the Alamar blue assay and real-time PCR. HB significantly inhibited cell growth of both GR-M and PBM cells but was even more effective in GR-M melanoma cells, as significant inhibition occurred at a lower HB concentration of 0.2 mg/mL. GR-M BCL-2 expression was significantly downregulated (P=0.001) at HB concentration of 0.4 mg/mL, which suggests that HB is a potent tumour growth inhibitor. At the same time, it upregulated BCL-2 expression in normal (PBM) cells, probably by activating protective mechanisms against induced cytotoxicity. In addition, all but the lowest HB concentrations significantly upregulated SQSTM1 (P=0.001) in GR-M cells. Upregulated BECN1 expression suggests early activation of autophagy at the lowest HB concentration in SQSTM1 cells and at all HB concentrations in PBM cells. Our findings clearly show HB-associated cell death and, along with previous cytotoxicity studies, reveal its promising anti-tumour potential.
Selected Phenolic Compounds in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke, CORESTA Collaborative Study and Recommended Method *
Authors: Tayyarah Rana , Knepper Douglas , Hauleithner Alexander 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARY
A collaborative study among 20 participating laboratories was conducted in an effort to publish a recommended method for determination of phenols in mainstream cigarette smoke. The study was conducted using 10 test samples including reference cigarettes and commercial products from various regions (ISO 3308 total particulate matter 1–16 mg/cig) smoked under two regimes (ISO 3308 and ISO 20778). Health Canada method T-114 was chosen as a basis for the analytical methodology and therefore mainstream cigarette smoke was trapped on 44-mm glass fiber filter pads which were subsequently extracted with 1% aqueous acetic acid for analysis by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Statistical analysis was carried out following ISO 5725 to generate repeatability (r) and reproducibility (R) data for results from linear and rotary smoking. For reproducibility (R) expressed as a percentage of mean yield across all of the studied products and both smoking regimes, values ranged from 17–150%. The lowest “tar” yielding products had the most variable data. Results trended as expected for total particulate matter, blend type, regime, and relative analyte yields. Results supporting a robust method for hydroquinone, resorcinol, catechol, phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, and p-cresol are reported herein and support establishment of CRM 78, ISO 23904 and ISO 23905 standardized methods. [Contrib. Tob. Nicotine Res. 32 (2023) 18–25]
Two Techniques for the Analysis of WS-3 With Potential Application to the Analysis of Other Cooling Agents *
Authors: Moldoveanu Serban C. , Bussey Robert O. 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARY
WS-3 (N-ethyl-p-menthane-3-carboxamide) is a compound used as a cooling agent for tobacco or nicotine products. Three other similar compounds WS-23 (N,2,3-trimethyl-2-propan-2-ylbutanamide), Evercool 180 (N-p-benzene-acetonitrile menthanecarboxamide), and Evercool 190 (N-(2-pyridine-2-yl)ethyl-3-p-menthancarboxamide) also have cooling properties and can be used as tobacco additives. A few previously reported methods for WS-3 analysis were rather complex, and the goal of present work was to develop a simple, rapid, and accurate procedure for simultaneous analysis of WS-3 and of the other three cooling compounds. For this purpose, a LC/MS procedure has been developed that requires 6-min runs. The method was calibrated to analyze solutions containing each analyte in the range of concentrations between 48.8 ng/mL to 12.5 µg/mL. The procedure is selective and shows excellent precision with typical RSD lower than 3%. In parallel to the LC/MS method, a GC/MS procedure was also developed mainly with the goal of having a proof of the accuracy for both methods. This GC separation requires 20-min runs. The GC/MS technique was calibrated to analyze solutions containing each analyte in the range of concentrations between 1.56 µg/mL to 125 µg/mL for WS-23 and WS-3, from 6.25 µg/mL to 125 µg/mL for Evercool 180, and from 3.13 µg/mL to 125 µg/mL for Evercool 190. The sensitivity of the LC/MS method is significantly higher than the GC/MS one, and for the analysis of traces of cooling agents the LC/MS method is recommended. The LC/MS method was applied for the analysis of WS-3 in tobacco, cigarette smoke, flavor solutions, and in nicotine pouches. No samples containing the other cooling agents were available. [Contrib. Tob. Nicotine Res. 32 (2023) 26–33]
Market Reactions to Government Support Packages During the Pandemic in North Macedonia
Authors: Srbinoski Bojan , Meceski Stevco , Joldeska Irina 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The Covid-19 crisis put pressure on governments to design immediate support packages for alleviating the negative economic consequences for households and businesses. In this paper, we examine the stock market’s reactions to the announcements of each of the four support packages designed by the Macedonian government during the pandemic year. We find that the magnitude, the target, and the extent of realisation of the support package mattered how investors reacted to the government interventions. The market positively reacted only around the second package which was mainly designed to support firms’ liquidity. Once the market consumed the information about the poor realisation of the devised packages, investors remained restrained and uncertain for the upcoming support package. Our findings have important policy implications by showing the differential response to the different types of support packages.
Post-Acquisition Management in Transitional Economies: Empirical Analysis of Acquired Company in Telecommunication Industry
Authors: Marković Dušan , Đurović Ana , Savović Slađana 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Growing globalization has created a business environment that encourages companies to internationalize through international acquisitions. The growth in the number and value of international acquisitions in the previous period has increased the number of studies that analyze this phenomenon from different standpoints. Research has shown that the success rate of international acquisitions is relatively low. Poor management of post-acquisition changes, which is particularly complex in transition economies, is cited as the main obstacle in creating value after acquisitions. The aim of the paper is to investigate the factors that contribute to the successful management of post-acquisition changes. The research is based on the case study of the acquisition of Montenegro Telekom by Deutsche Telekom. Data is obtained through employee surveys and interviews with expatriates engaged in acquisitions in transition economies. The research shows that successful management of post-acquisition changes requires change of the corporate culture in the short term and active knowledge transfer support from the parent to the target. Changes in corporate culture aim to encourage innovation among employees and willingness to accept a new business model and process. At the same time, knowledge transfer occurs through intensive employee training on the domestic market, abroad and through online courses and hiring expatriate managers. It turns out that these two processes are complementary and must be implemented simultaneously.
Survey of the enniatins and beauvericin in raw and UHT cow’s milk in Poland
Authors: Pietruszka Katarzyna , Panasiuk Łukasz , Jedziniak Piotr 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Introduction
The enniatins A, A1, B and B1 (ENNs) and beauvericin (BEA) are structurally related compounds produced by Fusarium species. They occur as contaminants in cereals, such as wheat, barley and maize. They are called “emerging mycotoxins”, because they have been reported in feed and food and their toxic effects are not fully known. Data on their levels in food (especially in milk) are limited. The study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of ENNs and BEA in milk.

Material and Methods
A total of 103 bovine milk samples (76 of raw milk and 27 of UHT milk) were collected from different parts of Poland and analysed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.

Results
Among the 76 raw milk samples, 31 (41%) and 15 (20%) samples were contaminated with ENN B and with BEA, respectively. No contamination with other enniatins was found. The highest concentration of BEA was found in raw milk and was 6.17 μg kg–1. Out of the 27 samples of UHT milk, 16 (59%) were contaminated with ENN B at concentrations ranging from 0.157 μg kg–1 to 0.587 μg kg–1 (limit of quantification (LOQ) 0.098 μg kg–1). Beauvericin was detected in 9 UHT milk samples (33%) at concentrations ranging from 0.101 μg kg–1 to 1.934 μg kg–1 (LOQ 0.095 μg kg–1).

Conclusion
This study demonstrated constant but low milk contamination in Poland with ENN B and BEA. The analysis of milk samples revealed that the emerging mycotoxins ENN B and BEA were measured in trace amounts. It does not suggest any immediate risk to milk consumers; however, it is unknown whether long-term exposure to low levels of toxins may be harmful.
Smoke Stratification in a Mine Drift with Multiple Objects Downstream
Authors: Hansen Rickard 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The smoke behaviour and smoke stratification of a fire in a mine drift will be one of the decisive factors affecting the risk to mining personnel during a fire. This paper studies the smoke stratification in a mine drift with multiple objects downstream of the fire, at varying distances and number of objects. Data for the study was provided from earlier model-scale fire experiments and CFD modelling was performed for in-depth analysis of specific phenomena. It was found that at considerable downstream distances from the fire, the smoke stratification differences were significant, reflecting the high impact of multiple objects. With an increasing distance between the objects downstream, an increased degree of mixing and decreased stratification occurred. With an increasing distance between the burning object and the second object, the smoke layer will descend further before encountering the object and the smoke stratification on the upstream side of the second object will decrease. The increased mixing of the hot gases flowing from the burning object will have a more significant effect on the overall stratification due to the higher temperatures. An increasing number of objects downstream will not by itself lead to increased stratification, with shorter distances between the objects and an increasing number of objects, the smoke stratification may instead be retained for a longer distance. An increasing flow velocity will result in decreasing stratification found foremost downstream of the burning object, as the tilt of the plume will increase and interact increasingly with the second object.
Periodontal Disease: Correlation with Histological and Immunological Parameters
Authors: Kujundzic Bojan , Andjelkovic Zlatibor , Maric Radmila , Lukic Ruzica , Maric Veljko , Maric Helena , Obrenovic Miroslav , Kojic Sinisa 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Periodontal disease is inflammatory pathological conditions in the gingiva and dental support structures that usually results in extracellular matrix and connective tissue destruction. During periodontitis, inflammatory cells facilitate collagen and connective tissue loss, affects the number and activity of fibroblasts and its production of local collagen networks. Aim of this study was to evaluate collagen density and accumulation of collagen producing fibroblast and macrophages in affected tissue of periodontal disease. Histological and immunohistochemical analyzes were performed on paraffin embedded tissue sections of gingival biopsies, obtained from 30 patients with diagnosis of periodontal disease and 10 healthy donors. Tissue sections of gingival of patients with periodontal disease had significantly decreased collagen volume density and visible fragmentation and lysis of the collagen fibers, decreased number of fibroblasts, accompanied with increased accumulation of macrophages. Presented data implicate that macrophages accumulation may be the cause of enzyme mediated collagen destruction
Issues in Designing of Mechanical Parts Models in CAD Programs
Authors: Grygorcewicz Paweł , Raczko Konrad 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The article describes methods of creating mechanical parts in 3D programs, together with presenting very significant issues that emerge during the designing process employed in this creation, the main goal being to show the most important factors playing a role in the design process. Resultantly, it is ascertained that the most important factors needing to be considered by a designer are, inter alia, mass of the parts, strength, and kind of material. The article indicates the different types of parts used in different load cases, the objective being to explain various aspects relevant to design. The parts were different in particular in their nature of work and purpose. The article also presents illustrations after finite element method (FEM) analysis. It was important and interesting to observe how the stress in the tested parts was distributed under load and how the structure changed when the used material changed. The stress had a very large influence for the design of every airplane part; a case in point would be the illustration available from the lever example. The main role of this article is to describe different designing factors that could help a specialist create new designs in the future.
Proses Pengambilan Keputusan Adopsi Inovasi Aplikasi Gramedia Digital
Authors: Ratnaningsih Wa Ode Wulan , Murwani Endah , Berto Agustinus Rusdianto 
Published: April 2023

This study aims to determine how the process of consumers adopting Gramedia Digital application innovations and consumer behavior in making decisions about these innovations.
The research is descriptive qualitative. The research subjects were 10 consumers of Gramedia Digital application users who were interviewed in depth. The results of the interview will be examined through the concept of diffusion and adoption of innovation as well as a consumer decision-making model which includes three stages, the input, process, and output stages. The results obtained consumers decide to use Gramedia Digital innovation based on five stages, awareness, interest, evaluation, trial, and adoption. The decision-making stage, the innovation adoption stage is carried out by consumers, namely accepting and using Gramedia Digital innovation products because they provide satisfaction to consumers. Consumers do not feel any cognitive dissonance after purchase, instead they make repeat purchases. Satisfied customers will make e-WoM, repeat purchases, and recommend innovative products, both digital books sold by Gramedia Digital and Gramedia Digital applications.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana proses konsumen mengadopsi inovasi aplikasi Gramedia Digital serta perilaku konsumen dalam pengambilan keputusan terhadap inovasi tersebut.
Penelitian bersifat kualitatif deskriptif. Subjek penelitian adalah 10 konsumen pengguna aplikasi Gramedia Digital yang diwawancara secara mendalam. Hasil wawancara akan diteliti melalui konsep difusi dan adopsi inovasi serta model pengambilan keputusan konsumen yang meliputi tiga tahapan yaitu, tahap masukkan (input), proses, dan keluaran (output). Hasil yang didapat Konsumen memutuskan untuk menggunakan inovasi Gramedia Digital berdasarkan pada lima tahapan, yaitu awareness, interest, evaluasi, trial, dan adopsi. Tahap pengambilan keputusan, tahap adopsi inovasi dilakukan konsumen, yaitu menerima dan menggunakan produk inovasi Gramedia Digital karena memberikan kepuasan pada konsumen. Konsumen tidak merasakan adanya disonansi kognitif setelah pembelian justru melakukan pembelian ulang. Pelanggan yang puas akan melakukan e-WoM, pembelian berulang, dan merekomendasikan produk inovasi baik buku digital yang dijual Gramedia Digital maupun aplikasi Gramedia Digital.