bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Directional transport of drug droplets based on structural and wettability gradients
Authors: Lin Jing , Yao Zhen , Hua Zihan , Xiong Minmin , Hu Fei , Wei Xinchuan , Huang Songyin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

The failure of wound healing is majorly attributed to uncontrolled bleeding and bacterial infections. However, developing a wound plaster that can stop bleeding, resist blood extravasation, and realize directional transportation of drugs to promote wound healing remains a significant challenge. Herein, we developed a superhydrophilic/hydrophobic PVA/CS/Ag@TPU Janus membrane with structural and wettability gradients. In this newly developed membrane, water is absorbed from blood via the superhydrophilic layer, which is attached to the wound, and the charge interactions between platelets and the introduced chitosan (CS) promote blood clotting. The capillary pressure resistance (∆p > 0) of the superhydrophilic layer toward the hydrophobic layer prevents blood permeation, thereby reducing blood loss. The favorable ∆p (< 0) of the membrane based on its structural and wettability gradients can realize the directional transportation of drugs that promote wound healing from the hydrophobic to the superhydrophilic layer. The incorporation of CS and silver endows the Janus membrane with intrinsic antibacterial properties (99.9%). The formation of the hydrated layer on the hydrophilic layer imparts a resisting effect, further endowing the membrane with antiadhesion and antibacterial properties. Experiments involving mice with full-thickness skin wounds revealed that the wound-healing rate increased from 87.65% to ~ 100% when the Janus membrane was loaded with the prehealing drug. Moreover, the dressing accelerated wound healing, regenerated epidermal and granulation tissues, promoted collagen formation, and reduced scar size. Thus, this gradient design strategy opens an avenue for the development of next-generation wound dressings.
Reliability and usefulness of ChatGPT for inflammatory bowel diseases:An analysis for patients and healthcare professionals
Authors: Cankurtaran Rasim Eren , Polat Yunus Halil , Aydemir Neslihan Gunes , Umay Ebru , Yurekli Oyku Tayfur 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
We aimed to evaluate the performance of ChatGPT within the context of IBD, which is expected to become an increasingly significant health issue in the future. Additionally, the objective of the study was to assess whether ChatGPT serves as a reliable and useful resource for both patients and healthcare professionals.
Methods
For this study, specific 20 questions were identified for the two main components of IBD, which are Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC). All the questions for each disease were divided into two categories, directed towards patients and healthcare professionals. The responses were evaluated with seven-point Likert-type reliability and usefulness scales.
Results
The highest scores in both reliability and usefulness were obtained from professional sources (mean 5.00 ± SD 1.21 and mean 5.15 ± SD 1.08, respectively). The ranking in terms of reliability and usefulness, respectively, was as follows: CD (mean 4.70 ± SD 1.26 and mean 4.75 ± SD 1.06) questions, and then UC (mean 4.40 ± SD 1.21 and mean 4.55 ± SD 1.31) questions. The reliability scores of the answers for the professionals were significantly higher than those for the patients (Both raters, p = o.o32).
Conclusion
Despite its realism and usability in IBD diseases, ChatGPT still has some deficiencies and errors. The rectification of ChatGPT's deficiencies and its improvement by developers with more detailed and up-to-date information could make it an important source of information for both patients and medical professionals.
Temperature Anomalies in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Evidence of Persistence and Trends
Authors: Gil-Alana Luis Alberiko , Carmona-González Nieves 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Northern and southern hemisphere temperature anomalies along with the difference between the two have been examined in this paper in order to estimate the time trend coefficients and the degrees of persistence in the data. Looking at the overall sample period (from 1880m1 to 2021m10) the results indicate higher degrees of persistence and more accentuated trends in the case of the northern hemisphere temperatures. We also observe some degree of persistence and a positive trend for the differenced series. Finally, observing the evolution of these two characteristics over the last 50 years, we notice that in the northern temperatures, both the degree of persistence and the time trend have increased across time but these increases are not observed in the case of the southern temperatures.
JEL Code: C22; Q53; Q54
A dynamic online nomogram for predicting renal outcomes of idiopathic membranous nephropathy
Authors: Wang Feng , Xu Jiayi , Wang Fumei , Yang Xu , Xia Yang , Jiao Congcong , Su Xuesong , Zhang Beiru , Zhou Hua , Wang Yanqiu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in nondiabetic adults. The natural course of IMN is variable, 30% of patients may progress to end-stage renal disease in 10 years. Hence there is an increasing need to develop a dynamic online nomogram for predicting the prognosis of IMN.
Methods
All the data were obtained from the newly diagnosed IMN patients enrolled in 3 hospitals in Liaoning Province. The nomogram prognostic model was developed by independent risk factors of multivariate logistic regression. The prognostic performance was evaluated using the ROC, calibration and decision curves.
Results
A total of 130 patients were in the training cohort and 102 patients in the validation cohort. Course ≥ 6 months (OR, 0.225; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.081, 0.628; P = .004), UTP (OR, 1.140; 95% CI 1.029, 1.262; P = .012), D-Dimer (OR, 1.001; 95% CI 1.000, 1.002; P = .009), and sPLA2R-Ab (OR, 1.005; 95% CI 1.001, 1.008; P = .006) were independently associated with the IMN progression. The nomogram model showed good calibration with a concordance index (C-index) of 0.835 in the training cohort and 0.874 in the validation cohort, with excellent calibration ability and clinical utility.
Conclusions
We developed a dynamic online nomogram model that can be used to predict the risk of progression in IMN, showing good discrimination and calibration ability.
Association between Vitamin E and myopia in a cross- sectional study of the United States population
Authors: Zheng Tianli , Qu Yaohui , Fu Weiwei , Zhang Hongxing , Yang Xiaodong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Although studies have indicated that Vitamin E has a protective effect against glaucoma and cataracts in middle-aged and elderly populations, and that myopia has a relationship with the incidence of glaucoma and cataracts in middle-aged and older adults, no studies on the relationship between Vitamin E and myopia have been reported. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the association between Vitamin E levels and myopia in the American population. This cross-sectional study included participants from the 1999–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Vitamin E was the exposure factor and myopia was defined as spherical equivalent ≤ -0.5 diopters in the right eye. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between Vitamin E levels and myopia. In total, 16,924 participants were included, and the prevalence of myopia was 51.9%. Compared to individuals with lower Vitamin E absorption Q1 (< 3.48 mg/day), the adjusted odds ratios for Vitamin E absorption in Q2 (3.48–5.45 mg/day), Q3 (5.45–8.23 mg/day), and Q4 (≥ 8.23 mg/day) were 0.98, 1.04, and 0.98, respectively. In a sample of adults in the United States, Vitamin E levels were not associated with either a decreased or increased risk of myopia.
Effectiveness of High-resolution T2-weighted Mri in Restaging Rectal Cancer After Neoadjuvan Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Topal¹ Ümmihan , Yırgın² Hakan , Gündüz³ Nermin , Kara Yasin , Yilmaz² Serhan , Somuncu² Erkan , Yılmaz Gülseren , Şahin Ayça Sultan , Kocataş² Ali 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective: The technical success of high-resolution T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (hT2W-MRI) sequence in restaging locally advanced rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) was investigated.
Materials and methods: Nineteen patients with an age mean 56 ( range of 37-76) who received nCRT for rectal cancer, had MRI for the rectum and underwent surgical operation between 2020-2022 were included in the study. MRI results were compared with relevant histopathological studies after definitive surgery .
Results: hT2W-MRI correctly predicted all tumors with pathological stage T3 100% (5/5). hT2W-MRI predicted correctly in 3 of 4 patients with pathological stages T4a and T4b (75%). Considering lymph node positivity, the prediction rate of hT2W-MRI was 42.1%(8/19). hT2A-MRI correctly predicted all tumors with circumferential resection margin (CRM), peritoneal reflection involvement, and extramural venous invasion (EMVI). The success of hT2W-MRI in predicting the pathological response (residual tumor) was high (89.5%, 17/19).
Conclusion: Staging of rectal cancer after nCRT is important for treatment planning. Functional assessment with diffusion-weighted MRI and perfusion MRI play a role in predicting tumor aggressiveness, likelihood of response to treatment, and size of tumor remaining after treatment. An accurate and practical radiological identification is important, as the findings on MRI after nCRT are related to the patient's prognosis and survival, and the tumor stage is based on the depth of invasion of the rectal wall and the involvement of adjacent organs. It would be beneficial to include the hT2A-MRI sequence in standard pelvic MRI examination sequences in staging of rectal cancer after nCRT and in demonstrating the presence of residual tumor.
Can Botulinum Toxin Injection be considered a First-Line Treatment for the Management of Chronic Anal Fissure? A Prospective Controlled Study with 5-years Follow-up.
Authors: Ascanelli Simona , Rossin Eleonora , Aisoni Filippo , Sette Elisabetta , Chimisso Laura , Valpiani Giorgia , Carcoforo Paolo , Feo Carlo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Botulinum Toxin effectiveness for treatment of chronic anal fissure has been widely proven, but there is lack of evidence about treatment standardization and long-term follow-up. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the short- and long-term efficacy and safety of Botulinum Toxin treatment compared with close lateral internal sphincterotomy, with 5-years follow-up.
Methods
This was a prospective, case-control, single-center study conducted at Ferrara University Hospital, Italy. The primary outcome was fissure healing at 1 month.
Results
59 patients received the Botulinum Toxin injection, and 32 patients underwent lateral internal sphincterotomy. At 1 month after treatments postoperative pain decreased faster and significantly more in the Botox group (30 mm vs 60 mm, p < 0.001); fissure re-epithelization was observed in 59.4% of surgical group compared to 25.4% in Botox group (p = 0.0001); anal sphincter pressures decreased more in surgical group (p = 0.044) and severe anal incontinence was present only in surgical group (6.2% of patients, p = 0.041). Patient satisfaction was better in Botox group (p < 0.001). Adverse Events occurred more frequently in surgical group (46.9% vs 8.5%, p < 0.001). Fissure recurrence at 6 months was observed in 16.9% of patients in Botox group vs 3.2% in surgical group (p = 0.053). At 12 months the overall healing rate improved to 100% in the two groups persisting in all patients in both groups after 5 years with high patient satisfaction despite the presence of mild anal incontinence in 21.8% of patients of surgical group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
Botox injection can be considered as a first-line treatment for chronic anal fissure.
Migrant well-being and undocumented status in South Korea: a cross-sectional assessment of physical, behavioral, psychological, and social well-being
Authors: Lee Sun Yeop , Kim Woong-Han , Heo Jongho 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background A high burden of physical, mental, and occupational health problems among migrant workers has been well-documented, but data on undocumented migrant workers during the COVID-19 pandemic are limited and their well-being has rarely been compared to that of the general population. Methods Using data from a cross-sectional survey of migrant workers in South Korea in early 2021, we describe their physical, behavioral, psychological, and social well-being in a wide range of outcomes. The well-being outcomes were first compared between documented and undocumented migrant workers in generalized linear regressions adjusting for potential confounders. Then, the well-being of the migrant workers was compared against that of the general population using data from the Korean Happiness Survey, which is nationally representative of the South Korean general population and conducted in late 2020. The parametric g-formula was performed to adjust for potential confounders. Results We found inequalities of considerable magnitude in psychological, behavioral, and social well-being after adjusting for potential confounders. The undocumented migrants were less likely to be happy or engage in community participation, and much more likely to have anxiety or depression, smoke cigarettes, or drink alcohol than the documented migrants. When compared to the general South Korean population, an evident social gradient was observed for psychological well-being; the undocumented migrants experienced the worst outcome, followed by the documented migrants, and then the general population. Also, the undocumented migrants were more likely to smoke cigarettes than the general population and as likely to drink alcohol as the general population. Conclusion A stark social gradient in psychological and behavioral well-being exists among documented, undocumented migrant workers and the general population in South Korea, whose quarantine is considered relatively successful. Sociostructural factors are likely to be in action to make undocumented migrants psychologically unwell and isolated from the community and society at large. Policy-level interventions as well as interpersonal efforts are in urgent need to improve undocumented migrant workers’ behavioral, psychological, and social well-being.
Nested Entity Recognition Method Based On Multidimensional Features And Fuzzy Localization
Authors: Zhao Hua , Bai Xueyang , Zeng Qingtian , Zhou Heng , Bai Xuemei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Nested named entity recognition (NNER) aims to identify possibly overlapping named entities, which is a crucial and challenging sub-task in the field of named entity recognition. Traditional sequence labeling methods are unable to effectively deal with the NNER due to their linear structure; span-based methods require traversing and verifying every possible span, which leads to high complexity and data imbalance issues. To address these issues, this paper proposed a nested entity recognition method based on Multidimensional Features and Fuzzy Localization (MFFL). Firstly, this method adopted the shared encoding that fused three features of characters, words, and parts of speech to obtain a multidimensional feature vector representation of the text and obtained rich semantic information in the text. Secondly, we proposed to use the fuzzy localization to assist the model in pinpointing the potential locations of entities. Finally, in the entity classification, it used a window to expand the sub-sequence and enumerate possible candidate entities and predicted the classification labels of these candidate entities. In order to alleviate the problem of error propagation and effectively learn the correlation between fuzzy localization and classification labels, we adopted multi-task learning strategy. This paper conducted several experiments on two public datasets. The experimental results showed that the proposed method achieves ideal results in both nested entity recognition and non-nested entity recognition tasks, and significantly reduced the time complexity of nested entity recognition.
Using Brain Structural Neuroimaging Measures to Predict Psychosis Onset for Individuals at Clinical High-Risk
Authors: Koike Shinsuke , Zhu Yinghan , Maikusa Norihide , Radua Joaquim , Sämann Philipp , Fusar-Poli Paolo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Machine learning approaches using structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) can be informative for disease classification, although their ability to predict psychosis is largely unknown. We created a model with individuals at CHR who developed psychosis later (CHR-PS+) from healthy controls (HCs) that can differentiate each other. We also evaluated whether we could distinguish CHR-PS + individuals from those who did not develop psychosis later (CHR-PS-) and those with uncertain follow-up status (CHR-UNK). T1-weighted structural brain MRI scans from 1,165 individuals at CHR (CHR-PS+, n = 144; CHR-PS-, n = 793; and CHR-UNK, n = 228), and 1,029 HCs, were obtained from 21 sites. We used ComBat to harmonize measures of subcortical volume, cortical thickness and surface area data and corrected for non-linear effects of age and sex using a general additive model. CHR-PS+ (n = 120) and HC (n = 799) data from 20 sites served as a training dataset, which we used to build a classifier. The remaining samples were used external validation datasets to evaluate classifier performance (test, independent confirmatory, and independent group [CHR-PS- and CHR-UNK] datasets). The accuracy of the classifier on the training and independent confirmatory datasets was 85% and 73% respectively. Regional cortical surface area measures-includingthose from the right superior frontal, right superior temporal, and bilateral insular cortices strongly contributed to classifying CHR-PS + from HC. CHR-PS- and CHR-UNK individuals were more likely to be classified as HC compared to CHR-PS+ (classification rate to HC: CHR-PS+, 30%; CHR-PS-, 73%; CHR-UNK, 80%). We used multisite sMRI to train a classifier to predict psychosis onset in CHR individuals, and it showed promise predicting CHR-PS + in an independent sample. The results suggest that when considering adolescent brain development, baseline MRI scans for CHR individuals may be helpful to identify their prognosis. Future prospective studies are required about whether the classifier could be actually helpful in the clinical settings.
Association between pharmaceutical industry payments to physicians and prescription of PARP inhibitors in the United States
Authors: Murayama Anju 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the association between industry payments to physicians related to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) and physicians' prescribing behaviors for PARPis.
Methods
This cross-sectional study used the publicly accessible Open Payments Database and Medicare Part D database between 2017 and 2021. All physicians who reported more than 10 claims for either olaparib, rucaparib, or niraparib were included in this study. Non-research payments for the PARPis to the physicians from the PARPi manufacturers were extracted from the Open Payments Database. Associations between the physicians’ receipt of payments and likelihood of prescribing PARPis were assessed with logistic generalized estimating equations (GEEs). Dose-response associations between the number of payments and prescription volumes and Medicare expenditures were evaluated with linear GEEs.
Results
Of the 1,706 eligible physician prescribers, 68.1% received one or more non-research payments related to any of the three PARPis from the manufacturers between 2017 and 2021. Median annual payments per physician were $55 for olaparib, $40 for rucaparib, and $60 for niraparib. Receipt of payments for each PARPi was associated with higher odds of prescribing olaparib (odds ratio [OR]: 1.33 [95% CI: 1.17-1.52], p<0.001), rucaparib (OR: 2.25 [95% CI: 1.72-2.95], p<0.001), and niraparib (OR: 1.45 [95% CI: 1.20-1.76], p<0.001). Dose-response effects were observed between the number of annual payments and the number of prescriptions and/or Medicare expenditures for olaparib and rucaparib.
Conclusion
Non-research payments to physician prescribers of PARP inhibitors from the manufacturers were significantly associated with increased prescriptions and Medicare expenditures for olaparib and rucaparib in the United States.
Kernel Inference on the Weibull Distribution Parameters and Reliability
Authors: Maswadah M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A new estimation technique based on non-parametric kernel density estimation is introduced as an alternative and reliable technique for estimation in life testing models. This technique estimates the parameters and reliability directly from the data without making any prior assumptions. The efficiency of this technique has been studied in comparison to Bayesian estimation of the parameters and the reliability of the Weibull distribution based on informative and informative conjugate priors, via Monte Carlo simulations. The simulation results indicated the robustness of the proposed method over Bayes’ method. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the densities and the inferential methods developed in this paper.
Multiplexer Based Error Efficient Fixed-Width Adder Tree Design for Signal Processing Applications
Authors: Seethur Rashmi , Sudarshan Deeksha , Naik Vaibhavi , Masur Tushar , H K Shreedhar 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:
In copious mixed media applications, humans cannot necessarily discern error free or erroneous outputs, owing to the small range of perception abilities. Crucial information can still be obtained from marginally inexact outputs. Leveraging this, many algorithms such as Digital Signal Processing (DSP), Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Motion Compensation (MC) use approximate calculations while still maintaining appreciable computation accuracy.

METHOD:
When data processing algorithms are taken into consideration, adders play an important role in the arithmetic module by managing the power and area utilization of the system. A fixed-width adder tree design for approximate calculations is proposed, that uses the trade-off between area and accuracy as the base for analysis. Our design uses 12.42%, 18.17% and 5.05% lesser area compared to the full width adder tree, FX- AT-PT and FX-AT-DT respectively. Additionally, when compared to FX-AT-DT, TFX-AT and ITFX-AT, the proposed design has an

RESULT:
To cope with the inaccuracy caused by truncation, the proposed design employs mux-based radix-4 addition coupled with bias estimation. Further, to examine the error performance we have incorporated the proposed design and a few other existing designs into the Walsh-Hadamard Transform (WHT), to process images with different metrics and compare the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) of the images.

CONCLUSION:
It was observed that the proposed design showed significant improvement in the PSNR score when compared to ITFX-AT and maintains a score similar to that of FX-AT-PT.