bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncovering the significance of the ratio of food K:Na in bee ecology and evolution
Authors: Filipiak Zuzanna M. , Ollerton Jeff , Filipiak Michał 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBees provide important ecological services, and many species are threatened globally, yet our knowledge of wild bee ecology and evolution is limited. While evolving from carnivorous ancestors, bees had to develop strategies for coping with limitations imposed on them by a plant‐based diet, with nectar providing energy and essential amino acids and pollen as an extraordinary, protein‐ and lipid‐rich food nutritionally similar to animal tissues. Both nectar and pollen display one characteristic common to plants, a high ratio of potassium to sodium (K:Na), potentially leading to bee underdevelopment, health problems, and death. We discuss why and how the ratio of K:Na contributes to bee ecology and evolution and how considering this factor in future studies will provide new knowledge, more accurately depicting the relationship of bees with their environments. Such knowledge is essential for understanding how plants and bees function and interact and is needed to effectively protect wild bees.
Fabrication of precise non‐assembly mechanisms by multi‐material fused layer modeling and subsequent heat treatment
Authors: Harden Felix , Kral Roland , Schädel Birgit , Adelung Rainer , Jacobs Olaf 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAdditive manufacturing techniques offer several potentials for future design and production. One of these potentials is non‐assembly mechanisms, movable mechanisms which need no assembly after production. Especially non‐assembly mechanisms consisting of kinematic pairs face major tolerance issues. This work advances into the new field of non‐assembly mechanisms consisting of kinematic pairs from multi‐materials. The research described in this article shows how tolerance issues can be overcome by the deliberate use of intrinsic and printing‐induced shrinkage processes. Therefore, non‐assembly mechanisms produced by multi‐material printing using fused layer modeling (FLM) are heat‐treated after the printing process to reduce and adjust the joint clearance. It was found that PLA was a suitable material for this process due to its relaxation and recrystallisation behavior during heat treatment. The printing techniques and relevant shrinkage mechanisms were analyzed and explained. Furthermore, it was found that relaxation of orientations and recrystallization could be separated in two different heat treatment steps creating a possibility for “induced self‐healing.” In addition, tribological aspects of such mechanisms will be discussed.
Optimal operation of dielectric elastomer wave energy converters under harmonic and stochastic excitation
Authors: Hoffmann Matthias K. , Heib Lennart , Moretti Giacomo , Rizzello Gianluca , Flaßkamp Kathrin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDielectric elastomers are a promising technology for wave energy harvesting. An optimal system operation can allow maximizing the extracted energy and, simultaneously, reducing wear that would lead to a reduction in the wave harvester lifetime. We pursue a model‐based optimization approach to identify optimal controls for wave energy harvesters based on dielectric elastomers. First, a direct method is used for time‐discretization of the dielectric elastomer wave energy harvester in the optimal control problem. The two conflicting objectives are considered in a multiobjective optimization framework. Considering a periodic, sinusoidal wave excitation, the optimal solution shows turnpike properties for the optimal periodic mode of operation. However, since real wave motion is neither monochromatic nor predictable on longer time horizons, further extensions are pursued. First, we introduce a stochastic wave excitation. Second, an iterative model‐predictive control scheme is designed. Due to multiple objectives, the control scheme has to include an automated adaption of the corresponding priorities. Here, we propose and evaluate a heuristic rule‐based adaption in order to maintain the damage below target levels. The approach presented here might be used in the future to guarantee for autonomous operation of farms of wave energy harvesters.
Challenges for Circular Economy under the EU 2020/741 Wastewater Reuse Regulation
Authors: Berbel Julio , Mesa‐Pérez Enrique , Simón Pedro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWastewater reuse is seen as an opportunity to support a circular economy and optimize water resources. However, the use of wastewater is limited by the need for the proper protection of health and the environment and demands a certain minimum quality of treated reclaimed water. The objective of this work is to evaluate the opportunities both for the agents in the water treatment chain (from municipalities to farmers) and for technology providers under the recently approved Regulation EU‐2020/741. The new market and opportunities require new value chains, technology development, governance, risk assurance, and adapted local regulation. Bottlenecks also pose technological, environmental, institutional, economic, and social challenges. The identified needs and barriers must be properly addressed in order to accelerate the transformation of the water sector toward the circular economy. As a conclusion, Reg EU 2020/741 introduces minimum requirements for urban wastewater reuse and requires the definition of risk management and transparency. The real impact of regulation on circular‐economy objectives is limited by water scarcity and crop profitability. Social acceptance is critical for success.
Social gradient in use of health services and health‐related quality of life of children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review
Authors: Sevastidis Abraham , Wanni Arachchige Dona Sithara , Gold Lisa , Sciberra Emma , Coghill David , Le Ha Nguyet Dao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsADHD (attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder) affects 5% of children on average. Despite the high need to access services for ADHD treatment, not all children with ADHD utilise healthcare services equally. This study aims to systematically synthesise evidence of equity and equality in health service use/costs and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL)/wellbeing of children with ADHD across socioeconomic (SES) classes.MethodsThe literature search was conducted across seven databases (Academic Search complete, MEDLINE Complete, PsycINFO, ERIC, Global Health, CINAHL and EconLit). The search was limited to peer‐reviewed articles published to 23rd January 2023 in English and focused on children. Study quality was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP), Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) checklists.Results25 out of 1207 articles were eligible for inclusion. The results showed that SES was associated with different types of healthcare utilisation. Only three studies were found on HRQoL/well‐being. Children with ADHD from low SES families had lower HRQoL than children from high SES families.ConclusionThis study found that a social gradient exists in both healthcare service use and children's HRQoL among those with ADHD.
A staging system for Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) larvae based on external morphology and skeletal development
Authors: Fischbach Vivian , Finke Annegret , Moritz Timo , Polte Patrick , Thieme Philipp 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAtlantic herring (Clupea harengus) plays a key role within temperate marine food webs and is targeted by a significant over‐regional fishery. Due to its high economic importance, dynamics in herring stock biomass and recruitment are closely monitored, forming the basis for fisheries management advice. As recruitment patterns translate into the adult stock biomass, early life stage ecology has been thoroughly addressed in fisheries research. Larval monitoring programs commonly focus on length measurements and abundance indices, rarely, information on larval developmental stages is given. As length is highly influenced by temperature, salinity and food availability, their size range can significantly vary between cohorts, populations, and ecotypes. Nowadays, a systematic staging system from the 1970s provides the standard guide for herring larval development, although it does not fully resolve important developmental stages. Here, we propose an improved staging system based on external morphology and skeletal development of herring larvae. The staging system has been developed and tested with herring larvae from different populations of the North and Baltic Sea to ensure applicability. The system comprises 15 stages (+substages) in 5 major developmental phases: the yolk sac phase, the dorsal fin development, the caudal fin development, the pelvic fin development, and the juvenile phase. This staging system aims to simplify herring larval staging to gain a more specific picture of early life dynamics. Because of the detailed description of the development, future studies are better equipped to identify stages which, for example, show high mortality rates and better link them to environmental circumstances.
The effects of chloride and sulphate on the growth of sulphide films on copper in anoxic sulphide solutions
Authors: Chen Jian , Pan Xinran , Martino Taylor , Lilja Christina , Behazin Mehran , Binns Wilfred J. , Keech Peter G. , Noël James J. , Shoesmith David W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe corrosion of copper in chloride‐ and sulphate‐containing solutions containing sulphide (ranging from 5 × 10−5 M to 10−3 M) was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the structure and physical properties of the copper sulphide deposits (Cu2S) were analysed by scanning electron microscopy. At low [SH−], a porous and non‐protective deposit was formed, and the low corrosion rates were limited by sulphide transport, partially within the deposit and partially in the bulk of the solution. At higher [SH−], the corrosion rates were much higher and initially more rapid in chloride‐containing than in sulphate‐containing solutions, suggesting a direct role for chloride in the interfacial corrosion process. When the copper sulphide deposit thickened, the rate became limited by CuI transport within the more compact and more crystalline deposit formed. Changes in the morphology of the deposit suggest that chloride adsorption on the surfaces of the deposit inhibited the incorporation of Cu3S3 clusters, transported from the corroding copper surface, into the growing crystals.
Mechanical and surface characterization of interstitial‐free steel corroded under wet‐dry salt spray and immersion conditions: A comparative study
Authors: Kumar Veerendra , Tiwari Shalabh Kumar , Sharma Nitin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHighly formable interstitial‐free steel has been subjected to corrode in wet‐dry salt spray (WDSS) and immersion corrosion (IMCC) conditions in 5, 10, 20, 30, and 45 days to investigate its corrosion behavior in simulated‐marine environment at the same temperature using 5 wt.% NaCl. The corrosion mechanisms and their effects have been studied and compared on the basis of weight loss and mechanical properties. Results revealed that corrosion rate in WDSS is about 9.5 times higher than IMCC. The corrosion coefficient (n) values for WDSS and IMCC have been observed as 0.99 and 0.35, respectively, which are evident for the protective nature of rust. The corrosion mechanisms and rust constituents may attribute different corrosion kinetics in both conditions. Moreover, the rate of degradation in yield strength and fracture strain in WDSS is 2 and 2.5 times higher than IMCC respectively; however, in the case of ultimate tensile strength the degradation rate is nearly same. It has also been observed that the higher pitting corrosion in WDSS may lead to change the failure mode from ductile to mix‐mode after 30 and 45 days of corrosion as authenticated from scanning electron microscopic images.
Deciphering the Effects of Molecular Dipole Moments on the Photovoltaic Performance of Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Ji Xiaofei , Wang Ting , Fu Qiang , Liu Dongxue , Wu Ziang , Zhang Mingtao , Woo Han Young , Liu Yongsheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe dielectronic constant of organic semiconductor materials is directly related to its molecule dipole moment, which can be used to guide the design of high‐performance organic photovoltaic materials. Herein, two isomeric small molecule acceptors, ANDT‐2F and CNDT‐2F, are designed and synthesized by using the electron localization effect of alkoxy in different positions of naphthalene. It is found that the axisymmetric ANDT‐2F exhibits a larger dipole moment, which can improve exciton dissociation and charge generation efficiencies due to the strong intramolecular charge transfer effect, resulting in the higher photovoltaic performance of devices. Moreover, PBDB‐T:ANDT‐2F blend film exhibits larger and more balanced hole and electron mobility as well as nanoscale phase separation due to the favorable miscibility. As a result, the optimized device based on axisymmetric ANDT‐2F shows a JSC of 21.30 mA cm−2, an FF of 66.21%, and a power conversion energy of 12.13%, higher than that of centrosymmetric CNDT‐2F‐based device. This work provides important implications for designing and synthesizing efficient organic photovoltaic materials by tuning their dipole moment.
Parasacral transcutaneous electrical neural stimulation versus urotherapy in primary monosymptomatic enuresis: A prospective randomized clinical trial
Authors: Oliveira Liliana Fajardo , Silva Lidyanne Ilidia da , Franck Hanny Helena Masson , Guimarães Kayleigh Gonçalves , Cardoso Jéssika Stephani Silva , Ribeiro André Costa Pinto , Figueiredo André A. , Silva Solano Aguirre de Alexandre Santos e , de Bessa José , Netto José Murillo B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical response of parasacral transcutaneous electrical neural stimulation (parasacral TENS) associated with urotherapy in children with primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE) compared to urotherapy alone.Material and MethodsThis prospective controlled clinical trial enrolled 72 children over 5 years of age with PMNE. Children were randomly divided into two groups, control group (CG), treated with urotherapy and scapular stimulation, and experimental group (EG), treated with urotherapy and parasacral TENS. In both groups, 20 sessions were performed, 3 times weekly, for 20 min each, with 10 Hz frequency, 700 μS pulse width and intesity determinated by the patient threshold. The percentages of dry nights were analyzed for 14 days before treatment (T0), after the 20th session (T1), 15 (T2), 30 (T3), 60 (T4), and 90 (T5) days after the end of the sessions. Patients of both groups were followed with intervals of 2 weeks in the first month and monthly for three consecutive months.ResultsTwenty‐eight enuretic children, 14 girls (50%) with a mean age of 9.09 ± 2.23 years completed the study. There was no difference in mean age between groups. Mean percentage of dry nights in EG at T0 was 36%, at T1 49%, at T2 54%, at T3 54%, at T4 54%, and 57% at T5; while in CG, these percentages were 28%, 39%, 37%, 35%, 36%, and 36%, respectively.ConclusionsParasacral TENS associated with urotherapy improves the percentage of dry nights in children with PMNE, although no patient had complete resolution of symptoms in this study.
Extending CAS elements to remove shear and membrane locking from quadratic NURBS‐based discretizations of linear plane Timoshenko rods
Authors: Golestanian Mahmoud , Casquero Hugo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractContinuous‐assumed‐strain (CAS) elements were recently introduced (Casquero and Golestanian. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng. 2022; 399:115354.) to remove the membrane locking present in quadratic ‐continuous NURBS‐based discretizations of linear plane curved Kirchhoff rods. In this work, we generalize CAS elements to remove shear and membrane locking from quadratic NURBS‐based discretizations of linear plane curved Timoshenko rods. CAS elements are an assumed strain treatment that interpolates the shear and membrane strains at the knots using linear Lagrange polynomials. Consequently, the inter‐element continuity of the shear and membrane strains is maintained. The numerical experiments considered in this work show that CAS elements excise the spurious oscillations in shear and membrane forces caused by shear and membrane locking. Furthermore, when using CAS elements with either full or reduced integration, the convergence of displacements, rotations, and stress resultants is independent of the slenderness ratio up to while the convergence is highly dependent on the slenderness ratio when using NURBS elements. We apply the locking treatment of CAS elements to quadratic ‐continuous NURBS and the resulting element type is named discontinuous‐assumed‐strain (DAS) elements. Comparisons among CAS and DAS elements show that once locking is properly removed, continuity across element boundaries results in higher accuracy than continuity across element boundaries. Lastly, CAS elements result in a simple numerical scheme that does not add any significant computational burden in comparison with the locking‐prone NURBS‐based discretization of the Galerkin method.
Pharmacological antagonism of receptor for advanced glycation end products signaling promotes thermogenesis, healthful body mass and composition, and metabolism in mice
Authors: Wilson Robin A. , Arivazhagan Lakshmi , Ruiz Henry H. , Zhou Boyan , Qian Kun , Manigrasso Michaele B. , Bernadin Rollanda , Mangar Kaamashri , Shekhtman Alexander , Li Huilin , Ramasamy Ravichandran , Schmidt Ann Marie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveOptimal body mass and composition as well as metabolic fitness require tightly regulated and interconnected mechanisms across tissues. Disturbances in these regulatory networks tip the balance between metabolic health versus overweight and obesity and their complications. The authors previously demonstrated roles for the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in obesity, as global‐ or adipocyte‐specific deletion of Ager (the gene encoding RAGE) protected mice from high‐fat diet‐induced obesity and metabolic dysfunction.MethodsTo explore translational strategies evoked by these observations, a small molecule antagonist of RAGE signaling, RAGE229, was administered to lean mice and mice with obesity undergoing diet‐induced weight loss. Body mass and composition and whole body and adipose tissue metabolism were examined.ResultsThis study demonstrates that antagonism of RAGE signaling reduced body mass and adiposity and improved glucose, insulin, and lipid metabolism in lean male and female mice and in male mice with obesity undergoing weight loss. In adipose tissue and in human and mouse adipocytes, RAGE229 enhanced phosphorylation of protein kinase A substrates, which augmented lipolysis, mitochondrial function, and thermogenic programs.ConclusionsPharmacological antagonism of RAGE signaling is a potent strategy to optimize healthful body mass and composition and metabolic fitness.
Trends in Positive Surgical Margins in cT3‐T4 Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Prasad Kavita , Topf Michael C. , Clookey Stephanie , Philips Ramez , Curry Joseph , Tassone Patrick 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivePositive surgical margins in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma are associated with cost escalation, treatment intensification, and greater risk of recurrence and mortality. The positive margin rate has been decreasing for cT1‐T2 oral cavity cancer over the past 2 decades. We aim to evaluate positive margin rates in cT3‐T4 oral cavity cancer over time, and determine factors associated with positive margins.Study DesignRetrospective analysis of a national database.SettingNational Cancer Database 2004 to 2018.MethodsAll adult patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2018 who underwent primary curative intent surgery for previously untreated cT3‐T4 oral cavity cancer with known margin status were included. Logistic univariable and multivariable regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with positive margins.ResultsAmong 16,326 patients with cT3 or cT4 oral cavity cancer, positive margins were documented in 2932 patients (18.1%). Later year of treatment was not significantly associated with positive margins (odds ratio [OR] 0.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.96‐1.00). The proportion of patients treated at academic centers increased over time (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01‐1.03). On multivariable analysis, positive margins were significantly associated with hard palate primary, cT4 tumors, advancing N stage, lymphovascular invasion, poorly differentiated histology, and treatment at nonacademic or low‐volume centers.ConclusionDespite increased treatment at academic centers for locally advanced oral cavity cancer, there has been no significant decrease in positive margin rates which remains high at 18.1%. Novel techniques for margin planning and assessment may be required to decrease positive margin rates in locally advanced oral cavity cancer.
Antenatal size, early childhood growth, and asthma within a cohort created by data linkage
Authors: Turner Steve , Chapman Anthony , Aucott Lorna 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe gestation when small for gestational age (SGA) is first associated with asthma is not well understood. Here, we use routinely acquired data from 10 weeks gestation to up to 28 years of age to test the hypothesis that SGA before birth is associated with an increased risk for asthma in a large population born between 1987 and 2015.MethodsDatabases were linked to produce a single database that held antenatal fetal ultrasound measurements; maternal characteristics; birth measurements; childhood anthropometric measurements at age 5 years; hospital admission data (1987–2015); and family doctor prescribing (2009–2015). Asthma admission and receipt of any asthma medications were the outcomes. Analyses related single and then multiple anthropometric measurements to asthma outcomes.ResultsOutcome data were available for 63,930 individuals. Increased length in the first‐trimester size was associated with a reduced odds ratio (OR) for asthma admission of 0.991 [0.983, 0.998] per mm increase and also a shorter time to first admission, with a hazard ratio risk of 0.987 [0.980, 0.994] per mm increase. Independent of all earlier measurements, increased height at 5 years (available in a subset of 15,760) was associated with reduced OR for an asthma admission, with OR of 0.874 [0.790, 0.967] per z score. Longitudinal measurements of weight were not related to asthma outcomes.ConclusionsLonger first‐trimester length is associated with more favorable asthma outcomes, and subsequently, increased height in childhood is also independently associated with more favorable asthma outcomes. Interventions that reduce SGA and encourage healthy postnatal growth might improve asthma outcomes.