bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shade represses photosynthetic genes by disrupting the DNA binding of GOLDEN2-LIKE1
Authors: Kim Namuk , Jeong Jinkil , Kim Jeongheon , Oh Jeonghwa , Choi Giltsu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs) repress photosynthetic genes partly by upregulating REPRESSOR OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC GENES 1 (RPGE1) and RPGE2. However, it is unknown how RPGEs inhibit gene expression at the molecular level. Here, we show that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) RPGE overexpression lines display extensive similarities to the golden2-like 1 (glk1)/glk2 double mutant at the phenotypic and transcriptomic levels, prompting us to hypothesize that there is a close molecular relationship between RPGEs and chloroplast development-regulating GLK transcription factors. Indeed, we found that RPGE1 disrupts the homodimerization of GLK1 by interacting with its dimerization domain and debilitates the DNA-binding activity of GLK1. The interaction was not restricted to the Arabidopsis RPGE1-GLK1 pair, but rather extended to RPGE-GLK homolog pairs across species, providing a molecular basis for the pale green leaves of Arabidopsis transgenic lines expressing a rice (Oryza sativa) RPGE homolog. Our discovery of RPGE-GLK regulatory pairs suggests that any condition leading to an increase in RPGE levels would decrease the expression levels of GLK target genes. Consistently, we found that shade, which upregulates the RPGE mRNA by stabilizing PIFs, represses the expression of photosynthetic genes partly by inhibiting the DNA-binding activity of GLK1. Taken together, these results indicate that RPGE-GLK regulatory pairs regulate photosynthetic gene expression downstream of PIFs.
Maternal nutritional status modifies heat-associated growth restriction in women with chronic malnutrition
Authors: Shankar Kartik , Ali Sumera A , Ruebel Meghan L , Jessani Saleem , Borengasser Sarah J , Gilley Stephanie P , Jambal Puujee , Yazza Deaunabah N , Weaver Nicholas , Kemp Jennifer F , Westcott Jamie L , Hendricks Audrey E , Saleem Sarah , Goldenberg Robert L , Hambidge K Michael , Krebs Nancy F 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRapid changes in the global climate are deepening existing health disparities from resource scarcity and malnutrition. Rising ambient temperatures represent an imminent risk to pregnant women and infants. Both maternal malnutrition and heat stress during pregnancy contribute to poor fetal growth, the leading cause of diminished child development in low-resource settings. However, studies explicitly examining interactions between these two important environmental factors are lacking. We leveraged maternal and neonatal anthropometry data from a randomized controlled trial focused on improving preconception maternal nutrition (Women First Preconception Nutrition trial) conducted in Thatta, Pakistan, where both nutritional deficits and heat stress are prevalent. Multiple linear regression of ambient temperature and neonatal anthropometry at birth (n = 459) showed a negative association between daily maximal temperatures in the first trimester and Z-scores of birth length and head circumference. Placental mRNA-sequencing and protein analysis showed transcriptomic changes in protein translation, ribosomal proteins, and mTORC1 signaling components in term placenta exposed to excessive heat in the first trimester. Targeted metabolomic analysis indicated ambient temperature associated alterations in maternal circulation with decreases in choline concentrations. Notably, negative impacts of heat on birth length were in part mitigated in women randomized to comprehensive maternal nutritional supplementation before pregnancy suggesting potential interactions between heat stress and nutritional status of the mother. Collectively, the findings bridge critical gaps in our current understanding of how maternal nutrition may provide resilience against adverse effects of heat stress in pregnancy.
Populism as Dog-Whistle Politics: Anti-Elite Discourse and Sentiments Toward Minority Groups
Authors: Bonikowski Bart , Zhang Yueran 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPast research has devoted more attention to the consequences of populism for party politics and democratic governance than to its effects on public attitudes—and particularly, how populist claims interact with nationalism to exacerbate exclusionary beliefs among the public. Using online survey experiments, we examine whether exposure to populism increases out-group antipathy among Democrats and Republicans. In Study 1, we randomly assign respondents to three conditions featuring vignettes based on political speeches: a morally neutral argument, a populist critique of political elites and a morally framed anti-immigration appeal. The results demonstrate that the populist treatment generates lower feeling-thermometer ratings of minority groups than the control condition, but only among Republicans and Trump supporters. Study 2 uses a similar design to evaluate the link between left-wing economic populism and economic nationalism: the populist condition features a critique of economic elites, the nationalist condition blames China for the offshoring of US jobs and the outcome variable measures respondents’ sentiments toward China. Economic nationalism generates increased anti-China sentiment among moderate and conservative Democrats but economic populism does not. Together, these findings suggest that the effects of populism on nationalist antipathies observed in Study 1 are driven by the discursive bundling of anti-elite talk with ethno-nationalism on the political right, which stands in contrast to the decoupling of economic populism from economic nationalism on the left. The former has effectively turned populism into a form of dog-whistle politics among Republicans, and Trump supporters in particular.
Clinical Faculty Perceptions of Online Learning in Health Professions Education
Authors: Roberts Amy Lynn , Rizzolo Denise 
Published: January 2023

Introduction
The purpose of this study was to investigate clinical faculty perceptions of online learning in health professions education.

Methods
Clinical faculty members from various health professions programs in New York were surveyed to determine whether there was a relationship between clinical faculty members' attitudes toward online learning competencies and their ability to teach online. Additionally, this study explored what type of impact years of teaching experience and online training had on clinical faculty perceptions of online learning.

Results
The study received 60 responses from clinical faculty, most of whom were teaching on Long Island, New York. Although the findings were not significant for most variables, a t-test demonstrated a significant statistical difference between online training and faculty perceptions of online learning. When clinical faculty completed online training, they had a more positive attitude toward online learning. The study also found that clinical faculty members' attitudes toward technology in online learning positively influenced their ability to troubleshoot technical issues in online environments. Years of online teaching experience did not affect how clinical faculty perceived online learning; however, clinical faculty with 1-5 years and 6-10 years of teaching experience rated their attitudes and abilities the lowest out of all the groups.

Discussion
While there appears to be a correlation between faculty perceptions of online learning and online training, more research is needed to objectively determine which specific trainings would be most advantageous.
Enteral Nutrition in Preterm Infants (2022): A Position Paper From the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition and Invited Experts
Authors: Embleton Nicholas David , Jennifer Moltu Sissel , Lapillonne Alexandre , van den Akker Chris H.P. , Carnielli Virgilio , Fusch Christoph , Gerasimidis Konstantinos , van Goudoever Johannes B. , Haiden Nadja , Iacobelli Silvia , Johnson Mark J. , Meyer Sascha , Mihatsch Walter , de Pipaon Miguel Saenz , Rigo Jacques , Zachariassen Gitte , Bronsky Jiri , Indrio Flavia , Köglmeier Jutta , de Koning Barbara , Norsa Lorenzo , Verduci Elvira , Domellöf Magnus 
Published: January 2023

Objectives:
To review the current literature and develop consensus conclusions and recommendations on nutrient intakes and nutritional practice in preterm infants with birthweight <1800 g.

Methods:
The European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) Committee of Nutrition (CoN) led a process that included CoN members and invited experts. Invited experts with specific expertise were chosen to represent as broad a geographical spread as possible. A list of topics was developed, and individual leads were assigned to topics along with other members, who reviewed the current literature. A single face-to-face meeting was held in February 2020. Provisional conclusions and recommendations were developed between 2020 and 2021, and these were voted on electronically by all members of the working group between 2021 and 2022. Where >90% consensus was not achieved, online discussion meetings were held, along with further voting until agreement was reached.

Results:
In general, there is a lack of strong evidence for most nutrients and topics. The summary paper is supported by additional supplementary digital content that provide a fuller explanation of the literature and relevant physiology: introduction and overview; human milk reference data; intakes of water, protein, energy, lipid, carbohydrate, electrolytes, minerals, trace elements, water soluble vitamins, and fat soluble vitamins; feeding mode including mineral enteral feeding, feed advancement, management of gastric residuals, gastric tube placement and bolus or continuous feeding; growth; breastmilk buccal colostrum, donor human milk, and risks of cytomegalovirus infection; hydrolyzed protein and osmolality; supplemental bionutrients; and use of breastmilk fortifier.

Conclusions:
We provide updated ESPGHAN CoN consensus-based conclusions and recommendations on nutrient intakes and nutritional management for preterm infants
Postvaccination Immunogenicity of BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine and Its Predictors in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Bronsky Jiri , Copova Ivana , Durilova Marianna , Kazeka Denis , Kubat Michal , Lerchova Tereza , Vlckova Eva , Mitrova Katarina , Rataj Michal , Klocperk Adam , Sediva Anna , Hradsky Ondrej 
Published: January 2023

Objectives:
We prospectively compared the postvaccination immunity to messenger ribonucleic acid BNT162b2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine of our pediatric patients over 12 years old with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to that of healthy controls and looked for predictors of its robustness.

Methods:
Anti-receptor binding domain, anti-spike S2, and anti-nucleocapsid immunoglobin-G (IgG) and immunoglobin-A levels were measured in 139 pediatric patients with IBD [65 fully vaccinated (2 doses), median age 16.3, interquartile range (IQR) 15.2–17.8 years, median time from vaccination (IQR) 61.0 (42.0–80.0) days] and 1744 controls (46, 37–57 years) using microblot array.

Results:
All IBD and control patients developed positive anti-receptor binding domain IgG antibodies at comparable titers. The proportion of observations with positive anti-spike S2 IgG was higher in patients with IBD than in controls [63% vs 21%, odds ratio 2.99 (1.51–5.90)], as was its titer [median (IQR) 485 (92–922) vs 79 [33–180] IU/mL]. Anti-receptor binding domain and anti-spike S2 IgG levels were associated with IBD status. We found an association between anti-spike S2 IgG levels and time since vaccination (β −4.85, 95% CI −7.14 to 2.71, P = 0.0001), history of SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction positivity (206.76, 95% CI 39.93–374.05, P = 0.0213), and anti-tumor necrosis factor treatment (−239.68, 95% CI −396.44–83.55, P = 0.0047). Forty-three percent of patients reported vaccination side effects (mostly mild). Forty-six percent of observations with positive anti-nucleocapsid IgG had a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Conclusions:
Patients with IBD produced higher levels of postvaccination anti-spike S2 antibodies than controls. Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with higher production of postvaccination antibodies and anti-tumor necrosis factor treatment with lower production.
Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Impact on Quality of Life at 1-Year Follow-Up of Initial Attack of Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Nasr Alexander , Hornung Lindsey , Thompson Tyler , Lin Tom K. , Vitale David S. , Nathan Jaimie D. , Varni James W. , Abu-El-Haija Maisam 
Published: January 2023

Objectives:
This study aims to describe the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms following the first time occurrence of acute pancreatitis (AP) and to measure the impact of the episode on patient health-related quality of life (HRQOL) from the perspectives of patients and parents.

Methods:
Questionnaires regarding GI symptoms 1 year following the initial occurrence of AP were obtained from 74 pediatric patients. Thirty of these patients completed both the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) 4.0 Generic Core Scales and the PedsQL Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Worry Scales. These data were compared to legacy-matched healthy controls.

Results:
Children with a standalone occurrence of AP experienced a similar rate of GI symptoms compared to those who progressed to acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP) within 1 year. PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales scores were significantly lower for children self-report and parent proxy-report for patients that experienced AP compared to healthy controls. AP patients also demonstrated significantly more symptoms than healthy controls in the Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Worry Scales across multiple domains.

Conclusions:
Gastrointestinal symptoms affect many children who experience a single AP event even without recurrent attacks. The burden of symptoms is not significantly different from those who develop ARP. This is a novel study that evaluates patient-reported outcomes in children following an AP attack and demonstrates there is a significant impact on HRQOL in children and family experiences post AP. More data are needed to study the progression of disease and the extended impact of AP following an initial AP attack in pediatric patients.
Characterizing the Pain Experience of Children With Acute Gastroenteritis Based on Identified Pathogens
Authors: Ma Keon , Ali Samina , Xie Jianling , Maki Claudia , Lee Bonita , Chui Linda , Pang Xiao-Li , Zhuo Ran , Parsons Brendon , Vanderkooi Otto , Poonai Naveen , MacDonald Shannon E. , Tarr Phillip , Freedman Stephen B. ,   on behalf of the Alberta Provincial Pediatric EnTeric Infection TEam (APPETITE) and Pediatric Emergency Research Canada (PERC)
Published: January 2023

Objectives:
Pain is common with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) yet little is known about the severity associated with specific enteropathogens. We sought to explore the correlation of pain severity with specific enteropathogens in children with AGE.

Methods:
Participants were prospectively recruited by the Alberta Provincial Pediatric EnTeric Infection TEam at 2 pediatric emergency departments (EDs) (December 2014–August 2018). Pain was measured (by child and/or caregiver) using the 11-point Verbal Numerical Rating Scale.

Results:
We recruited 2686 participants; 46.8% (n = 1256) females, with median age 20.1 months (interquartile range 10.3, 45.3). The mean highest pain scores were 5.5 [standard deviation (SD) 3.0] and 4.2 (SD 2.9) in the 24 hours preceding the ED visit, and in the ED, respectively. Prior to ED visit, the mean highest pain scores with bacterial detection were 6.6 (SD 2.5), compared to 5.5 (SD 2.9) for single virus and 5.5 (SD 3.1) for negative stool tests. In the ED, the mean highest pain scores with bacterial detection were 5.5 (SD 2.7), compared to 4.1 (SD 2.9) for single virus and 4.2 (SD 3.0) for negative stool tests. Using multivariable modeling, factors associated with greater pain severity prior to ED visit included older age, fever, illness duration, number of diarrheal or vomiting episodes in the preceding 24 hours, and respiratory symptoms, but not enteropathogen type.

Conclusion:
Children with AGE experience significant pain, particularly when the episode is associated with the presence of a bacterial enteric pathogen. However, older age and fever appear to influence children’s pain experiences more than etiologic pathogens.
2020 Charles F. Prentice Lecture: I Can See Clearly Now
Authors: Zadnik Karla 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Charles F. Prentice Medal, which was first given the year I was born, is the highest research honor bestowed by the American Academy of Optometry. I received the Prentice Medal in 2020 and gave my presentation at the 2020 American Academy of Optometry meeting, which was entirely virtual. As the first female optometrist to receive the Prentice Medal, I am honored to be given the opportunity to provide this summary of my presentation.
Myopia treatment choices to slow the progression of juvenile-onset myopia, especially in the first year of treatment, range from spectacles to contact lenses to pharmaceuticals. The value of the work described here that aims to predict the onset of myopia in children based on measurements that could be made by the optometrist is about to become more relevant than ever. What if the age-specific cutpoints could be used to use a low-risk treatment that would actually prevent the development of myopia altogether?
Relationship between Diurnal Variation in Intraocular Pressure and Central Corneal Power
Authors: Biswas Sayantan , Biswas Partha 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT

SIGNIFICANCE
Relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP) change and central corneal curvature is complicated by measurement techniques and corneal biomechanical parameters. Findings from this study indicate that it is worthwhile to observe the association between diurnal change in IOP and corneal power.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the diurnal change in IOP and central corneal power among eyes with and without myopia.

METHODS
Sixty healthy eyes of 24 emmetropes and 36 myopes were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Both anterior and posterior central corneal powers of the steep (Ks), flat (Kf), mean meridian (Km), best-fit spheres, and central corneal thickness were recorded followed by the IOP (Goldmann-correlated IOP [IOPg] and corneal-compensated IOP) and corneal biomechanics (corneal hysteresis and corneal resistance factor). Measurements were obtained every 3 hours from 9.30 am to 6.30 pm. Linear-mixed model was used to determine the relationship between the change in IOP and the associated change in corneal measurements (adjusted for age, sex, refractive error, central corneal thickness, and biomechanics) among the myopic and nonmyopic eyes.

RESULTS
Group mean, amplitude of change, and the diurnal change in IOPg were (mean ± standard deviation) 15.14 ± 2.50, 3.33 ± 1.44, and 1.81 ± 1.25 mmHg, respectively. Overall, an IOP increase was associated with a decrease in the adjusted anterior corneal powers. Myopic eyes were associated with a decrease of 0.04 D (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.07 to 0.01 D; P = .02) in Ks and 0.03 D (95% CI, 0.06 to 0.001 D; P = .047) in Kf per mmHg increase in IOP, whereas for emmetropes, per mmHg increase in IOP only flattened the Kf by 0.03 D (95% CI, 0.06 to 0.004 D; P = .02).

CONCLUSIONS
Change in anterior corneal power was inversely related to the change in IOPg, with myopic and nonmyopic eyes reporting a significant but differential impact of IOP. Clinicians must keep in mind the impact of large IOP fluctuation on the anterior corneal power.
Analysis of Ear Nose Throat Consultations Requested From the Pediatric Emergency Service in a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Uğur Cüneyt , Yüksel Fatih 
Published: January 2023

Objective
The aim of this study is to examine the reasons and the methods of approach to the patients for the ear nose and throat (ENT) consultations requested from the patients who applied to the pediatric emergency department.

Methods
The files of 351 patients who applied to the pediatric emergency outpatient clinic and were asked for consultation from the ENT clinic were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic data, complaints on admission, diagnostic examinations, diagnoses, treatment methods, and hospitalizations were recorded.

Results
Of the patients included in the study, 190 (54.1%) were female and 161 (45.9%) were male. The median age of the patients was 4.0 years (3.0–8.0 years). The most common diagnoses after ENT examination are; 120 patients (34.2%) had foreign body (FB) in the nose, 58 patients (16.5%) had FB in the ear, 16 patients (4.6%) had FB in the throat, 16 patients (4.6%) had epistaxis, and 15 patients (4.3%) had Bell's palsy. According to age group, it was determined that FB in the nose and ear was more common in the 0- to 5- and 6- to 11-year age group, and Bell's palsy, FB in the ear and epistaxis were more common in the 12- to 17-year age group. A normal examination was also an important finding in 83 of the patients (23.6%).

Conclusions
Foreign bodies are the most common reason for admission to the emergency services in children, and it is frequently seen between 0 and 5 years of age. Informing and raising awareness of parents on this topic will reduce both unwanted complications and ENT consultations along with admission to pediatric emergency services.
A CIRCULATION-FIRST APPROACH FOR RESUSCITATION OF TRAUMA PATIENTS WITH HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK
Authors: Chio Jonathon Chon Teng , Piehl Mark , De Maio Valerie J. , Simpson John T. , Matzko Chelsea , Belding Cameron , Broome Jacob M. , Duchesne Juan 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
The original guidelines of cardiopulmonary resuscitation focused on the establishment of an airway and rescue breathing before restoration of circulation through cardiopulmonary resuscitation. As a result, the airway-breathing-circulation approach became the central guiding principle of resuscitation. Despite new guidelines by the American Heart Association for a circulation-first approach, Advanced Trauma Life Support guidelines continue to advocate for the airway-breathing-circulation sequence. Although definitive airway management is often necessary for severely injured patients, endotracheal intubation (ETI) before resuscitation in patients with hemorrhagic shock may worsen hypotension and precipitate cardiac arrest. In severely injured patients, a paradigm shift should be considered, which prioritizes restoration of circulation before ETI and positive pressure ventilation while maintaining a focus on basic airway assessment and noninvasive airway interventions. For this patient population, the most reasonable current strategy may be to target a simultaneous resuscitation approach, with immediate efforts to control hemorrhage and provide basic airway interventions while prioritizing volume resuscitation with blood products and deferring ETI until adequate systemic perfusion has been attained. We believe that a circulation-first sequence will improve both survival and neurologic outcomes for a traumatically injured patient and will continue to advocate this approach, as additional clinical evidence is generated to inform how to best tailor circulation-first resuscitation for varied injury patterns and patient populations.