bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family Matters in Conflict
Authors: Holst Birgitte Stampe 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Through an ethnographic account of quotidian family activities like cooking or watching the news, this article investigates how authoritarian history and ongoing conflict in Syria play out in the everyday life of Syrians displaced to Lebanon and Turkey. It traces the day-to-day activities through which the value of the anti-authoritarian actions of some family members is recalibrated in friction with the social and material price the family has paid for such actions, the futures various family members imagine for themselves and the particular family history of adaptation to authoritarian rule. The article argues that unfolding these recalibrations among the displaced allows us to see how Syrians formulate the conflict (also) as a family matter. Investigating this family layer of the conflict in turn alerts us to the ways in which political contestation and collaboration in authoritarian contexts is navigated (also) through ethical propositions related to the family.
Intramedullary Versus Extramedullary Alignment Guide for the Accurate Sagital Tibial Prosthesis Alignment in Total Knee Replacement Arthroplasty
Authors: Naser Firas A. 
Published: August 2023

Background: long term survivorship in total knee arthroplasty is significantly dependant on prosthesis alignment, several studies have correlated poor outcome with malalignment of the components. The debate on the optimal system for femoral alignment is now largely resolved, but there is still controversy about whether intramedullary or extramedullary systems are better for the tibial side.
Objecives : is to determine whether intramedullary or extramedullary tibial alignment guide is better for accurate sagital tibial prosthesis alignment in total knee replacement arthroplasty.
Patients and methods: Of 65 patients recruited, only 48 patients (55 knees) were met the inclusion criteria of this study (32 female and 16 male) with an average age of 62.2 years ranging from 57 to 70 years who had attended the outpatient clinic in medical city-orthopedic and trauma consultation unit and private work, during the period from October 2010 till March 2012. All patients were diagnosed to have severe osteoarthritis of their knees and we performed total knee replacement arthroplasty for them. Patients were divided into two groups, group A, were 22 patients (25 knees) in which we used intramedullary alignment guide for the preparation of proximal tibia, and group B, were 26 patients (30 knees) in which we used extramedullary alignment guide for the preparation of the proximal tibia. Three months postoperatively, a standing long leg proper lateral plain X-ray (digital software) was taken and the sagital tibial slope was measured for each case.
Results: Accurate alignment of sagital posterior slope of tibial prosthesis was found in 80% (20 out of 25 knees) in group A, and in 43.3% (13 out of 30 knees) in group B.By using Student t test, the P value was less than 0.001 which was very significant.
Conclusion: we concluded that the intramedullary tibial alignment guide is statistically more accurate than extramedullary tibial alignment guide, in the sagital positioning of the tibial component.
The Prevalence of Phenylketonuria and other metabolic diseases in sick Iraqi children; the importance of the newborn screening program.
Authors: Thijeel Rabab F. 
Published: August 2023

Background: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is one of the most important metabolic causes for mental retardation in children, in which early diagnosis would successfully prevent mental retardation, yet, there are some other serious metabolic diseases that share the same mode of presentation and some of the phenotypic manifestations also.Methods: During the period from August 2009 to August 2011, 63 cases were referred to the Children Welfare Teaching Hospital (CWTH) with clinical features of PKU, all were enrolled in this study, few blood drops on a special filter paper were taken from each patient and sent to a specialized metabolic laboratory in Saint Joseph University \Beirut, using tandem mass spectrophotometry (MS/MS). The results were received through internet after being analyzed and interpreted.Aim: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of PKU and other inborn errors of metabolism among sick children, presenting with clinical features suggestive of PKU, what are the diseases that share same clinical presentation of PKU, and make a proper early diagnosis and management when possible.
Results: out of the 63 cases, only 28(44.4%) came positive with different diseases, only 7(11.1%) were cases of PKU. The results also showed some other Inborn Errors of Metaboilsm(IEM): homocystinuria(HCY)or methionine adenosyltransferase(MAT) 7(11.1%),Methylmalonic academia (MMA)4(6.3%), maple serum urine disease (MSUD) in 3 cases(4.7%).The consanguinity was positive in 41 cases (65%). Positive family history was documented in 23(36.5%).All PKU cases had the background of consanguineous marriages (100%).
Conclusions: PKU is one of the most important metabolic cause for mental retardation in our study, but some other serious metabolic defects like homocystinuria(HCY) or MAT, organic acidemias, maple syrup urine disease(MSUD) also causes mental retardation and share some of the phenotypic manifestations of PKU. Many families had positive history of affected siblings,especially those with consanguineous marriages.
Dietary Assessment and Food Intake In Elderly Individuals Attending Public Health Centers In Urban Areas of Baghdad City In Iraq .
Authors: AlSharbaty Shatha S. , Hameed. Wameedh A . 
Published: August 2023

Background: The population composition in all countries is changing very rapidly, with the result that there will now be Increasing numbers of elderly in all communities and in all countries of the world .Age-related changes in body habits, and disease and medication-related interactions can affect the nutritional requirements of elderly persons. This can further compounded by difficulties that older persons experience in accessing grocery stores and in cooking healthy food Many older persons relay on the convenience of buying processed foods or ordering fast food that can contribute to both obesity and deficiencies in essential nutritional requirements . The diagnosis of nutritional deficiency states in elderly people is made more difficult by the usual symptoms and signs being masked by diseases.
Objectives: To assess the dietary and food intake in a sample of elderly subjects.
Patients and methods: A random sample of 184 elderly persons were included in the study 58.2% males and 41.7% females selected randomly from a list of public health centers in urban areas of Baghdad city , it was carried out during the period between the first of March and the end of August 2005.
Results: Highest proportion of the studied males and females aged 65-74years, the total number of males and females in this age group constitute (65.8%) of the studied sample. The highest frequency of elderly subjects with inadequate dietary intake was observed in vitamin B12 (59.2%) .The frequency of inadequate dietary intake was higher among elderly females than that in males for energy 28.6%, iron 18.2%,vitamin C 54.5%, vitamin B1262.3%, while it was higher among elderly males for protein 13.1%. It was found that high proportion of the studied sample had mean food daily intake less than the recommended mean values for milk 98.4% , vegetables 97.3% , fruits 96.7% , fish and sea food 95.1% . Furthermore 70.7%, of the studied elderly subjects had mean food daily intake less than the recommended mean values of meat/poultry, legumes 59.3% , egg and products 57.6% respectively , while 88% of them had high recommended mean food daily intake of cereals. The mean ± SD of BMI of elderly subjects of present study was 27.6 ± 4.8 .
Conclusion: The mean food daily intake of milk , meat/poultry/fish ,vegetables and fruits are deficient in a high proportion of the studied elderly subjects .Acceptable percentage of the studied sample had high mean food daily intake of cereals .The frequency of inadequate dietary intake was higher for energy , iron ,vitamin c, vitamin b12 in the study sample .
The effect of social skill education program on adolescents in Baghdad, Iraq: a preliminary report
Authors: Kamal Aysin , Al-Kaseer Eman A. , Aljubori Suhair , Al-Diwan Jawad K. 
Published: August 2023

Background: In Iraq, adolescents confront challenges, external and internal factors and their life circumstances are exacerbated by threats to their physical and mental health.
Objective: To throw a light on training for life skills which in turn leads to promotion of adolescents physical and mental health.
Methods: A total of 120 adolescents participated in the study (50 of them were trained for life skills and the others act as control group) for the period April 2010 to Sept. 2011. Their age was 19 ± 2.4 years with male to female ratio of 1.4:1. The program consisted of several subjects concern with physical and mental health. Positive outcomes were determined. Scores of training variables presented in mean ± SD. Student's t test was used to examine the difference in variables between trained and untrained adolescents.
Results: Scores of positive outcomes (good personal hygiene, getting enough sleep, healthy weight, got exercise, social competence (adolescent shows respect, tries to resolve conflicts and concern about self-esteem), condemnation of abuse, harassment, bullying and rape, aware about sexual transmitted diseases (STDs) including acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), intimate relationship, awareness to teen pregnancy or abortion and family planning, concern with family life (arranged marriages) and study skills (motivation, goal setting, time management, positive study attitude and empowering concentration) were significantly higher in trained than in untrained adolescents (p= 0.023, 0.025, 0.001, 0.04, 0.025, 0.001 and 0.001, respectively).
Conclusion: Life skills could be applied for promotion in mental health as well as physical health.
kLa based scale-up cultivation of the extremophilic archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius: from benchtop to pilot scale
Authors: Rastädter Kerstin , Wurm David J. , Spadiut Oliver , Quehenberger Julian 
Published: August 2023

The two major scale-up criteria in continuously stirred bioreactors are 1) constant aerated power input per volume (Pg/Vl), and 2) the volumetric O2 mass transfer coefficient (kla). However, Pg/Vl is only influenced by the stirrer geometry, stirrer speed, aeration and working volume, while the kla is additionally affected by physiochemical properties of the medium (temperature, pH, salt content, etc.), sparging of gas and also by the bioreactor design. The extremophilic archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, thriving at 75°C and pH 3.0, has the potential for many biotechnological applications. However, previous studies imply that the family Sulfolobaceae might be affected by higher oxygen concentration in the headspace (&gt;26%). Hence, adequate oxygen supply without being toxic has to be ensured throughout the different scales. In this study, the scale-up criteria Pg/Vl and kla were analyzed and compared in a 2 L chemostat cultivation of S. acidocaldarius on a defined growth medium at 75°C and a pH value of 3.0, using two different types of spargers at the same aerated power input. The scale-up criterion kLa, ensuring a high specific growth rate as well as viability, was then used for scaleup to 20 L and 200 L. By maintaining a constant kla comparable dry cell weight, specific growth rate, specific substrate uptake rates and viability were observed between all investigated scales. This procedure harbors the potential for further scale-up to industrial size bioreactors.
Exploring the mechanistic role of alloying elements in copper-based electrocatalysts for the reduction of carbon dioxide to methane
Authors: Hao Mingzhong , Duan Baorong , Leng Guorui , Liu Junjie , Li Song , Wang Shanshan , Qu Jiale 
Published: August 2023

The promise of electrochemically reducing excess anthropogenic carbon dioxide into useful chemicals and fuels has gained significant interest. Recently, indium–copper (In–Cu) alloys have been recognized as prospective catalysts for the carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR), although they chiefly yield carbon monoxide. Generating further reduced C1 species such as methane remains elusive due to a limited understanding of how In–Cu alloying impacts electrocatalysis. In this work, we investigated the effect of alloying In with Cu for CO2RR to form methane through first-principles simulations. Compared with pure copper, In–Cu alloys suppress the hydrogen evolution reaction while demonstrating superior initial CO2RR selectivity. Among the alloys studied, In7Cu10 exhibited the most promising catalytic potential, with a limiting potential of −0.54 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode. Analyses of adsorbed geometries and electronic structures suggest that this decreased overpotential arises primarily from electronic perturbations around copper and indium ions and carbon–oxygen bond stability. This study outlines a rational strategy to modulate metal alloy compositions and design synergistic CO2RR catalysts possessing appreciable activity and selectivity.
Genetic association of lipids and lipid-lowering drugs with sepsis: a Mendelian randomization and mediation analysis
Authors: Lou Chen , Meng Zhizhen , Shi Yi-Yi , Zheng Rui , Qian Song-Zan , Pan Jingye 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundThe impact of lipid-lowering medications on sepsis is still not well defined. A Mendelian randomization (MR) study was carried out to probe the causal connections between genetically determined lipids, lipid-reducing drugs, and the risk of sepsis.Materials and methodsData on total serum cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), and triglycerides (TG) were retrieved from the MR-Base platform and the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium in 2021 (GLGC2021). Our study categorized sepsis into two groups: total sepsis and 28-day mortality of sepsis patients (sepsis28). The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was the primary method used in MR analysis. Cochran's Q test and the MR-Egger intercept method were used to assess the heterogeneity and pleiotropy.ResultsIn the MR analysis, we found that ApoA-I played a suggestively positive role in protecting against both total sepsis (OR, 0.863 per SD increase in ApoA-I; 95% CI, 0.780–0.955; P = 0.004) and sepsis28 (OR, 0.759; 95% CI, 0.598–0.963; P = 0.023). HDL-C levels were also found to suggestively reduce the incidence of total sepsis (OR, 0.891 per SD increase in HDL-C; 95% CI, 0.802–0.990; P = 0.031). Reverse-MR showed that sepsis28 led to a decrease in HDL-C level and an increase in TG level. In drug-target MR, we found that HMGCR inhibitors positively protected against total sepsis (1OR, 0.719 per SD reduction in LDL-C; 95% CI, 0.540–0.958; P = 0.024). LDL-C and HDL-C proxied CETP inhibitors were found to have a protective effect on total sepsis, with only LDL-C proxied CETP inhibitors showing a suggestively protective effect on sepsis28. In Mediated-MR, BMI exhibited a negative indirect effect in HMGCR inhibitors curing sepsis. The indirect impact of ApoA-I explained over 50% of the curative effects of CETP inhibitors in sepsis.ConclusionsOur MR study suggested that ApoA-I and HDL-C protected against sepsis, while HMGCR and CETP inhibitors showed therapeutic potential beyond lipid-lowering effects. ApoA-I explained the effects of CETP inhibitors. Our study illuminates how lipids affect sepsis patients and the effectiveness of new drugs, opening new avenues for sepsis treatment.
Implementation and impact of a point of care electroencephalography platform in a community hospital: a cohort study
Authors: Ward Jared , Green Adam , Cole Robert , Zarbiv Samson , Dumond Stanley , Clough Jessica , Rincon Fred 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveTo determine the clinical and financial feasibility of implementing a poc-EEG system in a community hospital.DesignData from a prospective cohort displaying abnormal mentation concerning for NCSE or rhythmic movements due to potential underlying seizure necessitating EEG was collected and compared to a control group containing patient data from 2020.SettingA teaching community hospital with limited EEG support.PatientsThe study group consisted of patients requiring emergent EEG during hours when conventional EEG was unavailable. Control group is made up of patients who were emergently transferred for EEG during the historical period.InterventionsApplication and interpretation of Ceribell®, a poc-EEG system.Measurement and main results88 patients were eligible with indications for poc-EEG including hyperkinetic movements post-cardiac arrest (19%), abnormal mentation after possible seizure (46%), and unresponsive patients with concern for NCSE (35%). 21% had seizure burden on poc-EEG and 4.5% had seizure activity on follow-up EEG. A mean of 1.1 patients per month required transfer to a tertiary care center for continuous EEG. For the control period, a total of 22 patients or a mean of 2 patients per month were transferred for emergent EEG. Annually, we observed a decrease in the number of transferred patients in the post-implementation period by 10.8 (95% CI: −2.17–23.64, p = 0.1). Financial analysis of the control found the hospital system incurred a loss of $3,463.11 per patient transferred for an annual loss of $83,114.64. In the study group, this would compute to an annual loss of $45,713.05 for an overall decrease in amount lost of $37,401.59. We compared amount lost per patient between historical controls and study patients. Implementation of poc-EEG resulted in an overall decrease in annual amount lost of $37,401.59 by avoidance of transfer fees. We calculated the amount gained per patient in the study group to be $13,936.44. To cover the cost of the poc-EEG system, 8.59 patients would need to avoid transfer annually.ConclusionA poc-EEG system can be safely implemented in a community hospital leading to an absolute decrease in transfers to tertiary hospital. This decrease in patient transfers can cover the cost of implementing the poc-EEG system. The additional benefits from transfer avoidance include clinical benefits such as rapid appropriate treatment of seizures and avoidance of unnecessary treatment as well as negating transfer risk and keeping the patient at their local hospital.
Experimental study of thermal runaway process of 256Ah prismatic nickel-rich battery
Authors: Wei Ningning , Li Minghai 
Published: August 2023

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are plagued by risks of combustion and explosion during thermal runaway (TR), which hinder their broader applications. Currently, there is limited research on thermal runaway experiments for batteries with a capacity exceeding 200 Ah. In this study, a non-commercial 256 Ah prismatic battery was utilized, featuring Li (Ni0.8Mn0.1Co0.1)O2 as the cathode material and silicon-doped graphite as the anode material. The investigation focused on the thermal runaway characteristics of the battery under 100% state of charge (SOC) conditions. Three repetitive thermal runaway experiments were conducted within a 1000L lithium battery constant volume test chamber (AEC) under a nitrogen environment. Temperatures at various points within the battery were recorded during the experiments, and high-speed cameras were employed to capture moments of thermal runaway. The research findings are as follows: 1) The ejection velocity of smoke at the instant of safety valve opening was measured at approximately 140 m/s, while the velocity of the ejected flame was approximately 55 m/s. 2) Within an extremely short time range after safety valve opening, the temperature at the safety valve nozzle reached a peak value of 701.8°C ± 42 C. 3) The average duration of ultra-high-speed ejections was measured at 5.0 ± 1.6 s, high-speed ejections lasted for 11.9 ± 2.7 s, and slow-speed ejections exhibited an average duration of 21.6 ± 3.7 s, resulting in a total ejection duration of 36.2 ± 4.7 s. This study provides valuable insights into the original state of the jetting process during thermal runaway in high-capacity LIBs and offers certain guidance for BTMS design.
Analysis of mRNA m6A modification and mRNA expression profiles in middle ear cholesteatoma
Authors: Xie Shumin , Jin Li , He Jun , Fu Jinfeng , Yin Tuanfang , Ren Jihao , Liu Wei 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Middle ear cholesteatoma is characterized by the hyperproliferation of keratinocytes. In recent decades, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification has been shown to play an essential role in the pathogenesis of many proliferative diseases. However, neither the m6A modification profile nor its potential role in the pathogenesis of middle ear cholesteatoma has currently been investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to explore m6A modification patterns in middle ear cholesteatoma.Materials and methods: An m6A mRNA epitranscriptomic microarray analysis was performed to analyze m6A modification patterns in middle ear cholesteatoma tissue (n = 5) and normal post-auricular skin samples (n = 5). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed to predict the potential biological functions and signaling pathways underlying the pathogenesis of middle ear cholesteatoma. Subsequently, m6A modification levels were verified by methylated RNA immunoprecipitation–qPCR (MeRIP–qPCR) in middle ear cholesteatoma tissue and normal skin samples, respectively.Results: A total of 6,865 distinctive m6A-modified mRNAs were identified, including 4,620 hypermethylated and 2,245 hypomethylated mRNAs, as well as 9,162 differentially expressed mRNAs, including 4,891 upregulated and 4,271 downregulated mRNAs, in the middle ear cholesteatoma group relative to the normal skin group. An association analysis between methylation and gene expression demonstrated that expression of 1,926 hypermethylated mRNAs was upregulated, while expression of 2,187 hypomethylated mRNAs and 38 hypermethylated mRNAs was downregulated. Moreover, GO analysis suggested that differentially methylated mRNAs might influence cellular processes and biological behaviors, such as cell differentiation, biosynthetic processes, regulation of molecular functions, and keratinization. KEGG pathway analysis demonstrated that the hypermethylated transcripts were involved in 26 pathways, including the Hippo signaling pathway, the p53 signaling pathway, and the inflammatory mediator regulation of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, while the hypomethylated transcripts were involved in 13 pathways, including bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, steroid biosynthesis, and the Hippo signaling pathway.Conclusion: Our study presents m6A modification patterns in middle ear cholesteatoma, which may exert regulatory roles in middle ear cholesteatoma. The present study provides directions for mRNA m6A modification-based research on the epigenetic etiology and pathogenesis of middle ear cholesteatoma.