bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal implementation of genomic selection in clone breeding programs—Exemplified in potato: I. Effect of selection strategy, implementation stage, and selection intensity on short‐term genetic gain
Authors: Wu Po‐Ya , Stich Benjamin , Renner Juliane , Muders Katja , Prigge Vanessa , van Inghelandt Delphine 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGenomic selection (GS) is used in many animal and plant breeding programs to enhance genetic gain for complex traits. However, its optimal integration in clone breeding programs, for example potato, that up to now relied on phenotypic selection (PS) requires further research. In this study, we performed computer simulations based on an empirical genomic dataset of tetraploid potato to (i) investigate under a fixed budget how the weight of GS relative to PS, the stage of implementing GS, the correlation between an auxiliary trait and the target trait, the variance components, and the prediction accuracy affect the genetic gain of the target trait, (ii) determine the optimal allocation of resources maximizing the genetic gain of the target trait, and (iii) make recommendations to breeders how to implement GS in clone and especially potato breeding programs. In our simulation results, any selection strategy involving GS had a higher short‐term genetic gain for the target trait than Standard‐PS. In addition, we showed that implementing GS in consecutive selection stages can largely enhance short‐term genetic gain and recommend the breeders to implement GS at single hills and A clone stages. Furthermore, we observed for selection strategies involving GS that the optimal allocation of resources maximizing the genetic gain of the target trait differed considerably from those typically used in potato breeding programs and, thus, require the adjustment of the selection and phenotyping intensities. The trends are described in our study. Therefore, our study provides new insight for breeders regarding how to optimally implement GS in a commercial potato breeding program to improve the short‐term genetic gain for their target trait.
Planning and Implementing Effective Language and Reading Comprehension Instructional Techniques for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Cognitive Disabilities
Authors: Conner Carlin , Allor Jill H. , Henry Alyssa R. , Al Otaiba Stephanie , Ortiz Miriam B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBoth reading and language skills are necessary for children to see success in academic and everyday life settings. This manuscript describes in detail four key instructional techniques used to target reading and language development in struggling and early readers, including children with both autism and cognitive disabilities. The techniques include (1) routines and behavioral support, (2) relatable content and interests, (3) shared reading activities to promote language and listening comprehension, and (4) academic and social vocabulary development. Drawing from examples from Friends on the Block, an intervention designed to meet the needs of children with disabilities, this paper describes key instructional techniques and methods teachers can incorporate into daily reading and language instruction for children with autism and cognitive disabilities. We also provide recommendations for implementing these techniques into instruction without the Friends on the Block intervention.
The 21st century engram
Authors: Robins Sarah 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe search for theengram—the neural mechanism of memory—has been a guiding research project for neuroscience since its emergence as a distinct scientific field. Recent developments in the tools and techniques available for investigating the mechanisms of memory have allowed researchers to proclaimed the search is over. While there is ongoing debate about the justification for that claim, renewed interest in the engram is clear. This attention highlights the impoverished status of the engram concept. As research accelerates, the simple characterization of the engram as an enduring physical change is stretched thin. Now that the engram commitment has been made more explicit, it must also be made more precise. If the project of 20th century neurobiology was finding the engram, the project of the 21st must be supplying a richer account of what's been found. This paper sketches a history of the engram, and a way forward.This article is categorized under:Philosophy > Foundations of Cognitive Science
Enhancing nitrite production rate made anammox bacteria have a competitive advantage over nitrite oxidizing bacteria in mainstream anammox system
Authors: Zhao Xinchao , Yu Deshuang , Zhang Jianhua , Miao Yuanyuan , Ma Guocheng , Li Jiawen , Zhang Yu , Zhi Jiaru , Dong Guoqing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) is easy to accumulate in the mainstream anammox process, leading to the decrease of anammox bacterial abundance and deterioration of nitrogen removal. In this study, anammox bacteria was gradually enriched by increasing nitrite production rate under intermittent aeration despite high NOB abundance. With the DO increased from 0.4 to 0.6 mg/L, Nitrosomonas increased from 0.14% to 0.22%, providing more nitrite for anammox bacteria and promoting its enrichment (grew by 77.4%). Adding extra nitrite of 7.14 mg N/(L·h) during the aeration phase to reactor could further increase anammox bacterial abundance by 117.6%, which was higher than the control reactor (40.2%). In contrast, NOB abundance decreased from 1.4 × 1010 to 1.2 × 1010 copies/L. The results suggested that anammox bacteria had a competitive advantage for nitrite over NOB with increasing nitrite production rate. In addition, Thauera and Dechloromonas, which were responsible for reducing nitrate to nitrite, provided additional substrates for anammox bacteria. Overall, this research provides a new idea for mainstream anammox applications.Practitioner Points

Inhibiting NOB might be no longer necessary and difficult for mainstream anammox.
Anammox bacteria competed for more nitrite with NOB when nitrite production rate increased.
Increasing DO from 0.4 to 0.6 mg/L facilitated anammox bacterial growth and nitrogen removal.
Non-Profit-Journalismus – eine medienpolitische Weichenstellung für die kommende Dekade
Authors: Reuter Stephanie 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungWo der ökonomische Druck auf den Journalismus wächst, gerät die demokratische Öffentlichkeit in Gefahr. Gemeinnütziger oder auch Non-Profit-Journalismus könnte, könnte Abhilfe schaffen – ergänzend zu den Angeboten privater Verlage und des öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunks. Anhand der gegenwärtigen Krise des (Lokal)Journalismus werden Chancen und Möglichkeiten dieser dritten Säule des Mediensystems dargelegt und mit praktischen Beispielen konkretisiert. Um das kriselnde Mediensystem in Deutschland und anderswo qualitativ bereichern und ökonomisch stärken zu können, ist der Non-Profit-Journalismus auf spezifische Zuarbeiten des Gesetzgebers, öffentlicher und privater Geldgeber sowie zivilgesellschaftlicher Akteure angewiesen. Werden diese erbracht und in einer Gesamtstrategie gebündelt, könnte Deutschland zur Vorreiterin dieser innovativen Organisationsform des Journalismus in Europa werden.
Wer macht Medien? Diversität als Herausforderung und Anspruch
Authors: Haruna-Oelker Hadija 
Published: May 2023

Zusammenfassung„Diversität“ ist in aller Munde. Auch Medienanstalten bekunden in Werbebroschüren, Selbstverpflichtungen und Pressemitteilungen ihre Absicht, diversere Organisationen zu werden. Was kann Diversität im Medienbereich bedeuten, auf welche Historie blickt sie zurück, welche Zukunft steht ihr offen? Der Beitrag klärt die Begrifflichkeit, zeigt den schwierigen Status Quo der Implementierung von Diversität im öffentlich-rechtlichen Mediengeschäft auf und diskutiert anhand praktischer Beispiele die Möglichkeiten und Herausforderungen aktueller Ansätze. Er plädiert dafür, Medienschaffende mit machtkritischem Handwerkszeug auszustatten, damit sie im eigenen Haus Defiziten der Berichterstattung (und der Personalpolitik) offensiver entgegentreten können. Die Fragen, wer „Medien macht“ und wer Diversität in Medienhäusern und Redaktionen bestimmt, sind Teil eines demokratischen Anspruchs, der zukünftig neu verhandelt und konsequenter durchgesetzt werden muss.
Eine Klasse für sich? Wieso Akademiker:innen die Redaktionen beherrschen
Authors: Friedrichs Julia 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Medienbranche wandelt sich in einigen Hinsichten zum Besseren – Stichwort Repräsentation von Frauen und Minderheiten. Aber die Redaktionen sind bis heute ein Refugium der gehobenen Mittelschicht geblieben und weit davon entfernt, ein soziales Abbild der Gesellschaft zu sein, über die sie berichten. Der Beitrag analysiert ökonomische und kulturelle Zugangshürden und lässt Journalist:innen zu Wort kommen, die es der Statistik zum Trotz in die Reihe der Medienmacher:innen geschafft haben.
Das Verschwinden der Arbeiterklasse aus den Medien
Authors: Schwerdtner Ines 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungMit der neoliberalen Wende in Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft während der vergangenen Jahrzehnte und dem damit verbundenen Bedeutungsrückgang der Gewerkschaften setzte ein umfassender Repräsentationsverlust der Arbeiterklasse im politischen und medialen System ein. Eine zeitgleich verfolgte Neuorientierung der Massenmedien, unter anderem auf Publika der gehobenen Mittelschicht, verstärkte diesen Effekt. Der Beitrag argumentiert, dass sich der Journalismus heute meist nur noch in einem instrumentellen Sinne auf „die Arbeiter“ bezieht und ein Zerrbild dieser Klasse zementiert. Im Anschluss an die explizit linke Arbeiter-Illustrierte-Zeitung, die Mitte der 1920er-Jahre zu einer der auflagenstärksten kommerziellen Wochenzeitungen Deutschlands wurde, wird die Möglichkeit einer realistischen und empathischen, aber nicht verklärenden Darstellung auch der heutigen Arbeiterklasse aufgezeigt.
Jet thermalization in QCD kinetic theory
Authors: Mehtar-Tani Yacine , Schlichting Soeren , Soudi Ismail 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We perform numerical studies in the framework of QCD kinetic theory to investigate the energy and angular profiles of a high energy parton — as a proxy for a jet produced in heavy ion collisions — passing through a Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). We find that the fast parton loses energy to the plasma mainly via a radiative turbulent quark and gluon cascade that transports energy locally from the jet down to the temperature scale where dissipation takes place. In this first stage of the system time evolution, the angular structure of the turbulent cascade is found to be relatively collimated. However, when the lost energy reaches the plasma temperature it is rapidly transported to large angles w.r.t. the jet axis and thermalizes. We investigate the contribution of the soft jet constituents to the total jet energy. We show that for jet opening angles of about 0.3 rad or smaller, the effect is negligible. Conversely, larger opening angles become more and more sensitive to the thermal component of the jet and thus to medium response. Our result showcases the importance of the jet cone size in mitigating or enhancing the details of dissipation in jet quenching observables.
Holographic entanglement entropy for relativistic hydrodynamic flows
Authors: Bhattacharya Jyotirmoy , Biswas Parthajit , Chandranathan A. , Das Sayan Kumar 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We study the behaviour of holographic entanglement entropy (HEE) in near equilibrium thermal states which are macroscopically described by conformal relativistic hydrodynamic flows dual to dynamical black brane geometries. We compute HEE for strip-shaped subsystems in boundary dimensions d = 2, 3, 4, which provides us with general qualitative inferences on the interplay between fluid flows and entanglement dynamics. At first, we consider the zeroth order in hydrodynamic derivative expansion, holographically described by stationary boosted black branes. Working non-perturbatively in fluid velocity, we find that, as the fluid velocity approaches its relativistic upper limit, the UV regulated HEE exhibits a divergence at arbitrary temperature. Also, the holographic mutual information between two relatively close subsystems vanishes at some critical fluid velocity and remains zero beyond it. We then compute HEE in an excited state of the fluid in the presence of the sound mode. As a simplified setup, we first work with non-dissipative dynamics in d = 2, where the time evolution of HEE is studied in the presence of the sound mode and a propagating pressure pulse. In d = 4, working upto first order in derivative expansion, we find that dissipative sound modes produce an additional dynamical UV divergence which is subleading compared to the ‘area law divergence’. No such divergence is observed for dissipative sound mode in d = 3.
Top and bottom quark forward-backward asymmetries at next-to-next-to-leading order QCD in (un)polarized electron positron collisions
Authors: Bernreuther Werner , Chen Long , Lu Peng-Cheng , Si Zong-Guo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We consider, at order $$ {\alpha}_s^2 $$

α
s
2

in the QCD coupling, top-quark pair production in the continuum at various center-of-mass energies and b-quark pair production at the Z resonance by (un)polarized electron and positron beams. For top quarks we compute the forward-backward asymmetry with respect to the top-quark direction of flight, the associated polar angle distribution, and we analyze the effect of beam polarization on the QCD corrections to the leading-order asymmetry. We calculate also the polarized forward-backward asymmetry. For b-quark production at the Z peak we explore different definitions of AFB. In particular, we analyze b jets defined by the Durham and the flavor-kT clustering algorithms. We compute the inclusive b-jet and two-jet asymmetry with respect to the b-jet direction. For the latter asymmetry the QCD corrections to order $$ {\alpha}_s^2 $$

α
s
2

are small. That predestines it to act as a precision observable.
D-instanton, threshold corrections, and topological string
Authors: Kim Manki 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this note, we prove that the one-loop pfaffian of the non-perturbative superpotential generated by Euclidean D-branes in type II compactifications on orientifolds of Calabi-Yau threefolds is determined by the moduli integral of the new supersymmetric index defined by Cecotti, Fendley, Intriligator, and Vafa. As this quantity can be computed via topological string theory, Chern-Simons theory, matrix models, or by solving the holomorphic anomaly equation, this result provides a method to directly compute the one-loop pfaffian of the non-perturbative superpotential. The relation between the one-loop pfaffian, threshold corrections to the gauge coupling, and the one-loop partition function of open topological string theory is discussed.
Islands in proliferating de Sitter spaces
Authors: Baek Jong-Hyun , Choi Kang-Sin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We study two-dimensional de Sitter universe which evolves and proliferates according to the Ginsparg-Perry-Bousso-Hawking mechanism, using Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity coupled to conformal matter. Black holes are generated by quantum gravity effects from pure de Sitter space and then evaporate to yield multiple disjoint de Sitter spaces. The back-reaction from the matter CFT is taken into account for the dilaton as a function of the temperature of the CFT. We discuss the evaporation of black holes and calculate the finite temperature entropy of an inflating region using the island formula. We find that the island moves towards the apparent horizon of the black hole as the temperature increases. The results are applied to the case of multiple evaporating black holes, for which we suggest multiple islands.
Comments on the Transplanckian Censorship Conjecture
Authors: Dine Michael , Yu Yan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We consider some aspects of the Transplanckian Censorship Conjecture (TCC), which states that for theories of quantum gravity there is a limit on the lifetime of dS or quintessence states not too different than the current Hubble horizon. If one accepts the de Sitter Swampland conjecture, then the former are ruled out. We consider some aspects of tunneling to an isolated ground state in the presence of time-varying fields, in quantum mechanics and quantum field theory in the absence of gravitation, and note that lifetimes are typically enormous; in fact, there is often a finite probability for the system to remain eternally in its original state. With gravity in a universe with superluminal expansion, while the field evolution may be slowed, Planck scale fluctuations would seem likely to grow to superhorizon size long before the universe decays. We argue that the TCC, if it is correct, requires that superluminal expansion occur only for a brief period in the history of the universe, and will be followed by a p = ρ phase.
Boundary and bulk notions of transport in the AdS3/CFT2 correspondence
Authors: Chen Bowen , Czech Bartłomiej , de Boer Jan , Lamprou Lampros , Wang Zi-zhi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We construct operators in holographic two-dimensional conformal field theory, which act locally in the code subspace as arbitrary bulk spacelike vector fields. Key to the construction is an interplay between parallel transport in the bulk spacetime and in kinematic space. We outline challenges, which arise when the same construction is extended to timelike vector fields. We also sketch several applications, including boundary formulations of the bulk Riemann tensor, dreibein, and spin connection, as well as an application to holographic complexity.
Bound on the central charge of CFTs in large dimension
Authors: Gadde Abhijit , Jagadale Mrunmay , Jain Shraiyance , Sharma Trakshu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we use crossing symmetry and unitarity constraints to put a lower bound on the central charge of conformal field theories in large space-time dimensions D. Specifically, we work with the four-point function of identical scalars ϕ with scaling dimension ∆ϕ, and use a certain class of analytic functionals to show that the OPE coefficient squared $$ {c}_{\phi \phi {T}^{\mu \nu}}^2 $$

c

ϕϕ

T
μν

2

must be exponentially small in D. For this to hold, we need to make a certain assumption about the nature of the spectrum below 2∆ϕ. Our argument is robust and can be applied to any OPE coefficient squared $$ {c}_{\phi \phi O}^2 $$

c
ϕϕO
2

with ∆O< 2∆ϕ. This suggests that conformal field theories in large dimensions (if they exist) must be exponentially close to generalized free field theories.
Contrasting magmatic controls on the genesis of Fe-Ti-V oxide deposits in the Emeishan large igneous province using apatite Sr-Nd isotopes and apatite-zircon trace elements
Authors: Tang Qingyan , Li Chusi , Liu Cong , Xue Shengchao , Xu Shihai , Zhang Yan , Li Zhuoming , Bao Jian , Song Hong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe use Sr-Nd isotopes of apatite and trace element compositions of apatite-zircon pairs from a major ore layer in each of three selected magmatic Fe-Ti-V oxide ore deposits (Hongge, Panzhihua, and Taihe) in the Emeishan large igneous province (LIP) in southwestern China to contrast the magmatic controls on ore formation. The average contents of REEs in apatite from a representative ore zone/layer in each of these deposits are higher than the predicted values of apatite crystallizing from a melt with REE contents assumed to be the same as the average values of high-Ti basalts in the Emeishan LIP, confirming that the ore-forming magmas all experienced higher degrees of fractional crystallization by major silicate minerals than the average basalt. The apatites Sm/Yb and Sr/Y indicate that the Panzhihua magma was generated at a shallower depth and experienced higher degree of plagioclase fractional crystallization than Taihe and Hongge. The apatite Sr-Nd isotopes can be reproduced by ~ 8 wt% contamination with Precambrian gneiss-schist in the parental magma for Hongge and by ~ 10 wt% and ~ 25 wt% contamination with marbles in the parental magmas for Panzhihua and Taihe, respectively. A recycled, high-T altered oceanic gabbroic component in the mantle source is a viable alternative to the marble contamination model for Taihe. Coexisting zircon trace element compositions reveal that the parental magma for Taihe (ΔFMQ+4.0) is more oxidized than those for Hongge (ΔFMQ−0.4) and Panzhihua (ΔFMQ−0.7), questioning that magma oxidation played a critical role in the genesis of Fe-Ti-V oxide ore deposits in the Emeishan LIP.
Pediatric meniscus morphology varies with age: a cadaveric study
Authors: Rohde Matthew S. , Trivedi Sunny , Randhawa Sahej , Wright Christian E. , Vuong Brian B. , Pham Nicole , Stavinoha Tyler , Ellis Henry B. , Ganley Theodore J. , Green Daniel W. , Fabricant Peter D. , Tompkins Marc , Shea Kevin G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeIn adolescent patients, meniscal tear injury can occur either in isolation (e.g., discoid lateral meniscus tears) or in association with other traumatic injuries including tibial eminence fracture or ACL tear. Damage to meniscal integrity has been shown to increase contact pressure in articular cartilage, increasing risk of early onset osteoarthritis. In symptomatic patients failing conservative management, surgical intervention via meniscus repair or meniscus transplant is indicated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the radial dimensions of pediatric menisci throughout development. The hypothesis was that the average radial meniscus dimensions will increase as specimen age increases, and mean medial and lateral region measurements will increase at a linear rate.MethodsSeventy‐eight skeletally immature knee cadaver specimens under age 12 years were included in this study. The meniscal specimens were photographed in the axial view with ruler in the plane of the tibial plateau and analyzed using computer‐aided design (CAD) software (Autodesk Fusion 360). Measurements were taken from inner to outer meniscus rims at five 45 degree intervals using the clockface as a reference (12:00, 1:30, 3:00, 4:30, 6:00), and total area of meniscus and tibial plateau was recorded. Generalized linear models were used to evaluate the associations of radial width measurements with age, tibial coverage, and lateral vs. medial meniscus widths.
ResultsAll radial width measurements increased significantly with specimen age (p ≤ 0.002), and all lateral‐medial meniscal widths increased (p < 0.001). The anterior zones of the meniscus were found to increase at the slowest rate compared to other regions. Tibial plateau coverage was found to not significantly vary with age.ConclusionsMeniscus radial width and lateral–medial meniscus width are related to age. The anterior width of the meniscus varied least with age. Improved anatomic understanding may help surgeons more effectively plan for meniscus repair, discoid resection/saucerization/repair, and also support appropriate selection of meniscus allograft for transplantation.