bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of and factors related to reinfection with COVID‐19 in Ahvaz, Iran: A comparative cross‐sectional study
Authors: Abedi Parvin , Afshari Poorandokht , Ansari Somayeh , Alavi Seyed Mohammad , Dashtpayma Shohreh , Amiri Homayon 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsReinfection with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) virus may be as serious as the first infection, exposing people to risks such as admission to hospital or even death. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of and the factors related to reinfection in Ahvaz, Iran.MethodsThis was a comparative cross‐sectional study that was conducted on 200 reinfected individuals and 200 people who had once been infected with COVID‐19. Infection with COVID‐19 was confirmed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test, and those with reinfection had to have a negative PCR test after recovery from the first infection and a positive PCR test for COVID‐19 > 90 days after the first infection. Data was collected using a questionnaire and a checklist. Data were analyzed using the Chi‐square test, independent t‐test, and logistic regression test.ResultsAround 7000 reinfections were observed in this study, and the prevalence of reinfection was 0.59% in Ahvaz City. A large proportion of the participants in the control group, 133 (66.5%) received two doses of COVID‐19 vaccines compared with 110 (55%) in the reinfected group (p = 0.003), and 43 (21.5%) of reinfected participants did not receive any vaccine. Older people were 0.982 times more likely to get reinfected with COVID‐19 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.966–0.997). Also, those receiving vaccination once or twice were 2.311 and 2.498 times less likely to get reinfected with COVID‐19, respectively (95% CI: 1.093–4.887 and 1.281–4.872, respectively).ConclusionThe findings of this study showed that the prevalence of reinfection among people in Ahvaz City was 0.59%. Older individuals, those without vaccination or with suboptimal vaccination, and people with comorbidities were at a higher risk for reinfection. Health policymakers should pay more attention to factors related to reinfection with COVID‐19.
Integrative conservation science: Conservation knowledge must be used to guide policies
Authors: Borzée Amaël , Button Sky 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBiodiversity is declining at a record rate. Unfortunately, attitudes favoring nonadvocacy remain prevalent in conservation science. Despite our detailed knowledge of biodiversity losses, we, the conservation science community as a whole, are failing to reverse species declines, transforming us into mere accountants of extinction. Conservation scientists frequently miss the opportunity to utilize scientific knowledge for helping reverse species’ declines by not comprehensively or effectively engaging policymakers with conservation‐related recommendations. The lack of translation of conservation science into policies therefore represents a detrimental blind spot of conservation biologists. Perhaps older generations had an excuse to practice conservation science without advocating for specific conservation policies, but the urgency of ongoing drastic biodiversity losses make unengaged approaches unacceptable for modern conservation biologists and tantamount to an implicit acceptance of anthropogenic mass extinction.
Safety Outcomes of Impact Microindentation: A Prospective Observational Study in the Netherlands
Authors: Schoeb Manuela , Avci Telli M. , Winter Elizabeth M. , Appelman‐Dijkstra Natasha M. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTImpact microindentation (IMI) is a technique to assess bone material properties of the cortical bone at the tibia in a transcutaneous, microinvasive, way. IMI is increasingly used in studies evaluating the contribution of tissue material properties to bone fragility in humans, and is approved for use in the clinic in Europe and the United States. Previous data show that IMI is well tolerated during and immediately after the procedure. The aim of this prospective observational study was to evaluate the longer‐term safety and acceptability of an IMI measurement using the handheld OsteoProbe device®. Included were patients who were scheduled for a measurement at the Leiden University Medical Center from September 2019 to December 2020 and willing to participate. Patients were asked to review the procedure right after the measurement, and by telephone interviews 1 week and 1 month thereafter. The primary outcome was the 30‐day complication rate after the measurement. Included were 106 patients (71 women) with a median age of 59 years (range, 20 to 86 years). Only three minor events were reported by 1‐week follow‐up, with an overall 30‐day event rate of 2.8%. These were a very small hematoma in two patients, and a small bruise in one patient, all of which resolved without medical intervention. No other safety‐related concerns were observed, and all 106 patients would undergo the measurement again if needed. The vast majority had no pain at baseline, 1‐week and 1‐month follow‐up (80.2%, 88.4% and 94.3%, respectively). In this first and large longitudinal study we demonstrated that although minimally‐invasive, IMI using the OsteoProbe® device at the tibia did not lead to any complications, and was well accepted by patients. Results strongly suggest that IMI can be safely used in studies as well as in the clinic in the hands of an experienced operator. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Health Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation: Lessons Learned From Randomized Controlled Trials and Mendelian Randomization Studies
Authors: Bouillon Roger , LeBoff Meryl S , Neale Rachel E 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Vitamin D plays an important role in calcium homeostasis and many cellular processes. Although vitamin D supplements are widely recommended for community-dwelling adults, definitive data on whether these supplements benefit clinically important skeletal and extraskeletal outcomes have been conflicting. Although observational studies on effects of vitamin D on musculoskeletal and extraskeletal outcomes may be confounded by reverse causation, randomized controlled studies (RCTs) and Mendelian randomization (MR) studies can help to elucidate causation. In this review, we summarize the recent findings from large RCTs and/or MR studies of vitamin D on bone health and risk of fractures, falls, cancer, and cardiovascular disease, disorders of the immune system, multiple sclerosis, and mortality in community-dwelling adults. The primary analyses indicate that vitamin D supplementation does not decrease bone loss, fractures, falls, cancer incidence, hypertension, or cardiovascular risk in generally healthy populations. Large RCTs and meta-analyses suggest an effect of supplemental vitamin D on cancer mortality. The existence of extraskeletal benefits of vitamin D supplementations are best documented for the immune system especially in people with poor vitamin D status, autoimmune diseases, and multiple sclerosis. Accumulating evidence indicates that vitamin D may reduce all-cause mortality. These findings, in mostly vitamin D–replete populations, do not apply to older adults in residential communities or adults with vitamin D deficiency or osteoporosis. The focus of vitamin D supplementation should shift from widespread use in generally healthy populations to targeted vitamin D supplementation in select individuals, good nutritional approaches, and elimination of vitamin D deficiency globally. © 2023 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Discovery of ligustrazine and chalcone derivatives as novel viral nucleoprotein nuclear export inhibitors against influenza viruses
Authors: Li Ping , Ju Han , Zhang Ying , Achi Jazmin Galvan , Kang Dongwei , Zou Jinmi , Du Ruikun , Cui Qinghua , Liu Xinyong , Rong Lijun , Zhan Peng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractInfluenza viruses pose a significant threat to human health worldwide due to seasonal epidemics and occasional global pandemics. These viruses can cause severe upper respiratory tract infections that contribute to high morbidity and mortality rates. The emergence of drug‐resistant influenza viruses has created the need for the development of novel broad‐spectrum antivirals. Here, we present a novel anti‐influenza agent with new targets and mechanisms of action to address this problem. Our findings led to the discovery of a novel influenza virus inhibitor, a ligustrazine derivative known as A9. We have found that it exhibits broad‐spectrum antiviral properties against influenza A and B viruses (IAV and IBV, respectively), including oseltamivir‐resistant strain. Through multiple bioassays such as time‐of‐addition assay, indirect immunofluorescence assay, and nuclear‐cytoplasmic fractionation assay, we demonstrated that A9 inhibits the nuclear export of the viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP). Furthermore, escape mutant analyses and affinity studies determined by surface plasmon resonance indicated that A9 specifically targets the nucleoprotein. In addition, four chalcone derivatives developed from A9 (B14, B29, B31, and B32), were found to effectively inhibit the replication of influenza virus through the same mechanism of action. In this manuscript we highlight A9 and its four derivatives as potential leads for the treatment of IAV and IBV infections, and their unique and novel mechanism of action probable benefit the field of anti‐influenza drug discovery.
Neurosonographic Measurements of the Fetal Anterior Complex in Singleton Pregnancies
Authors: Kaewnin Jetsadaporn , Dulyaphat Wirada , Tongsong Theera , Lertrat Waranyu , Tangshewinsirikul Chayada 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveTo construct reference ranges of the fetal cerebral anterior complex, including ventricular index (VI), anterior horn of lateral ventricle width (AW), and cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) width, as a function of gestational age (GA), in Thai fetuses.MethodsLow‐risk pregnancies were recruited to measure fetal anterior complex on axial transventricular and coronal transcaudate planes using transabdominal ultrasound. The downside and upside hemisphere were defined as cerebral hemisphere located distal and proximal to the transducer, respectively. The five variables, downside/upside VI, downside/upside AW and CSP width, were measured from each fetus. Best‐fit models in predicting mean and standard deviation for each value as a function of GA were constructed, using regression analysis. Distributions of Z‐scores of all values based on GA were created to evaluate the fitness of models. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used to assess inter‐/intraobserver variability.ResultsA total of 395 fetuses were measured for anterior complex. All parameters changed with GA with quadratic function. The models for predicting means and standard deviation of the five parameters as well as percentile charts were created. All models were proven well‐fitted. The intra‐/interobserver reliability coefficients of all values showed excellent agreement.ConclusionThe reference ranges of the fetal anterior complex, including VI, AW, and CSP, in axial transventricular and coronal transcaudate planes have been established and available for clinical use.
D‐OCT‐assisted and histology‐controlled evaluation of 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser therapy of basal cell carcinomas
Authors: Palacio Ariana , Medrano Karla , Holmes Jon , Bierhoff Erhard , Reinhold Uwe 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundBasal cell carcinomas (BCC) have classically been surgically removed. Alternative treatments for superficial BCC include local immunotherapy, topical chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy. Recent data suggest 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser as a new treatment for those lesions.Dynamic optical coherence tomography (D‐OCT) is an established imaging procedure analysing BCC margins and its vascular plexus.ObjectivesOur goal is to further evaluate 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser therapy of BCC as a potential alternative treatment, employing D‐OCT and histopathology to standardise effective treatment protocols.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, 50 histologically confirmed superficial and nodular BCC with tumour thickness ≤1 mm were treated with 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser. Initial D‐OCT scans were performed and repeated for 3 months posttreatment. Tumoral clearance was histologically confirmed and local adverse effects, patient tolerability and satisfaction were recorded. Clinical remission was evaluated after 1 year.ResultsComplete clearance was achieved in 78% of BCC (39/50) at a 3‐month follow‐up. Treatment failures were slightly more likely to correspond to superficial BCC (91%, 10/11) of thickness ≤0.5 mm (73%, 8/11), located on the trunk (64%, 7/11). No treated lesions presented scarring. Patient satisfaction and tolerability displayed excellent results. Remission at 1 year occurred in 100% of initially cleared BCC (35/35, four patients were lost to follow‐up due to nonmedical reasons).ConclusionsOCT‐assisted 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser treatment of superficial BCC is a safe and effective method with excellent patient satisfaction, tolerability, practicability and cosmetic end result.
High pressure, temperature, and solvent effect on the Diels–Alder cycloaddition reaction between thiobenzophenone and cyclopentadiene
Authors: Kornilov Dmitry A. , Kornilova Aliya A. , Shulyatiev Alexey A. , Anikin Oleg V. , Mustafin Akhat G. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe data on high hydrostatic pressure, temperature, and solvent influence on the Diels–Alder reaction rate of thiobenzophenone with cyclopentadiene have been obtained. Activation enthalpies, entropies, volumes, and reaction volumes in several solvents have been determined. The activation entropies and volumes of the Diels–Alder reaction of thiobenzophenone with cyclopentadiene are close to the corresponding activation parameters of Diels–Alder reactions involving dienophiles with C=C and N=N bonds. The rate of thiobenzophenone‐cyclopentadiene reaction did not increase with increasing solvent polarity, which is also characteristic of other Diels–Alder reactions. The reaction of thiobenzophenone with cyclopentadiene is characterized by an “anomalous” ratio of the activation volume to the reaction volume ∆V≠/∆Vr‐n > 1. This can be explained by the less steric hindrances of transition‐state molecules toward the solvent, compared with adduct molecules. The activities of a number of dienophiles with C=C, C=S, and N=N bonds have been compared, and the factors determining their reactivity in Diels–Alder reactions have been established.
Digitizing lake bathymetric data using ImageJ
Authors: Rounds Christopher I. , Vitense Kelsey , Hansen Gretchen J. A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLake morphometry is a driver of limnological processes, yet digitized bathymetry is lacking for most lakes. Here, we describe a method for efficiently extracting hypsography from bathymetric maps using ImageJ. To validate our method, we compared results generated from two independent users to those obtained from digital elevation models for 100 lakes. The mean absolute difference between hypsographic curves extracted using ImageJ vs. digital elevation models (DEMs) was 0.049 (95% CI 0.041–0.056) proportion of lake area, suggesting that ImageJ provides accurate hypsography. We calculated the mean absolute difference between the two users (0.016; 95% CI: 0.011–0.021), which suggests high interobserver reliability. Finally, we compared DEMs to an interpolated hypsography using only the maximum lake depth and found large differences. We apply this method to extract data for 1012 lakes. Our data and approach will be useful where bathymetric maps exist but are not digitized.
Expanding the mutational spectrum of ZTTK syndrome: A de novo variant with global developmental delay and malnutrition in a Chinese patient
Authors: Tang Shuo , You Jieyu , Liu Li , Ouyang Hongjuan , Jiang Na , Duan Jiaqi , Li Canlin , Luo Yanhong , Zhang Wenting , Zhan Meizheng , Liu Chenxi , Lyu Gui‐Zhen , Zhang Victor Wei , Zhao Hongmei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundZhu‐Tokita‐Takenouchi‐Kim (ZTTK, OMIM 617140) syndrome is a severe multisystem developmental disorder characterized by intellectual disability, developmental delay, cortical malformations, epilepsy, visual problems, musculoskeletal abnormalities, and congenital malformations. ZTTK syndrome is caused by a heterozygous pathogenic variant of the SON gene (NM_138927) at chromosome 21q22.1. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pathogenesis of a 6‐month‐old Chinese child who exhibited global developmental delay, muscle weakness, malnutrition, weight loss, and strabismus, brain abnormality, immunological system abnormalities.MethodsThe little girl was tested for medical exome sequencing (MES) and mtDNA sequencing in trio. And, the mutation was validated by Sanger sequencing.ResultsA novel de novo frameshift variant, c.1845_1870del26 (p.G616Sfs*61), in the SON gene was found in the proband.ConclusionWe described a 6‐month‐old Chinese child with global developmental delay caused by pathogenic de novo mutation c.1845_1870del26 (p.G616Sfs*61) in the SON. Apart from a founder mutation, we reviewed the phenotypic abnormalities and genotypes in 79 individuals. The data showed that global developmental delay is accompanied by other system disorders. Our findings expanded the mutational spectrum of ZTTK syndrome and provide genetic counseling of baby with global developmental delay.
Factors associated with maternal depressive symptoms up to 25 years after childbirth: A longitudinal prospective cohort study
Authors: Agnafors Sara , Sydsjö Gunilla , Widegren Wilma , Bladh Marie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDepression is one of the most common mental disorders among women and previous depression increases the risk for new episodes. Little is known about which factors are associated with maintained or recurrent depression in women, and studies with longer follow‐up time, 20 years or more, are scarce. Thus, the aim of the study was to identify factors associated with repeated self‐reports of depressive symptoms. The hypothesis was that factors such as young age at childbirth, divorce, unemployment, low social support, prior depression, or experience of stressful life events would increase the risk of repeatedly reporting depressive symptoms. The South East Sweden Birth Cohort study is a longitudinal, prospective cohort study. Out of the 1694 mothers enrolled at baseline, 649 participated in the 25‐year follow‐up. A total of 450 mothers participated in all three follow‐ups. The mothers reported symptoms of depression using validated instruments at 3 months (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale), 12 years (Hopkins Symptom Checklist 25 items), and 25 years postchildbirth (Patient Health Questionnaire). Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the odds ratios of having depressive symptoms, whereas multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate independent factors' association with the number of episodes with depressive symptoms. High life stress around pregnancy and childbirth and earlier depressive symptoms were associated with depressive symptoms at the 25‐year follow‐up. Similarly, high life stress around pregnancy and childbirth and the experience of divorce were associated with repeated self‐reports of depressive symptoms. Stressful life events are important predictors of depressive symptoms and repeated episodes of depressive symptoms from the postnatal period until 25 years later. Moreover, previous depressive symptoms increase the risk for subsequent episodes. The results further stress the importance of identifying mothers experiencing depressive symptoms postpartum to enable treatment and early intervention.
High‐Fat Diet Alters Acylcarnitine Metabolism of the Retina and Retinal Pigment Epithelium/Choroidal Tissues in Laser‐Induced Choroidal Neovascularization Rat Models
Authors: Wei Pinghui , He Meiqin , Wang Ying , Han Guoge 
Published: July 2023

ScopeChoroidal neovascularization (CNV) is age‐related macular degeneration's (AMD) main pathological change. High‐fat diet (HFD) is associated with a form of CNV; however, the specific mechanism is unclear. Mitochondrial dysfunction, characterized by abnormal acylcarnitine, occurs during metabolic screening of serum or other body tissues in AMD. This study investigates HFD's role in retinal and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)/choroidal acylcarnitine metabolism in CNV formation.Methods and resultsChow diet and HFD‐BN rats are laser‐treated to induce CNV. Acylcarnitine species are quantitatively characterized by ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. Optical coherence tomography and fundus fluorescein angiography evaluate CNV severity. HFD promotes weight gain, dyslipidemia, and CNV formation. In CNV rats, few medium‐chain fatty acids (MCFAs) acylcarnitine in the RPE/choroid are initially affected. When an HFD is administered to these, even MCFA acylcarnitine in the RPE/choroid is found to decline. However, in the retina, odd acylcarnitines are increased, revealing “an opposite” change within the RPE/choroid, accompanied by influencing glycolytic key enzymes. The HFD+CNV group incorporated fewer long‐chain acylcarnitines, like C18:2, into the retina than controls.ConclusionsHFD hastens choroidal neovascularization. The study comprehensively documented acylcarnitine profiles in a CNV rat model. Acylcarnitine's odd‐even and carbon‐chain length properties may guide future therapeutics.
The impact of fatigue on people with Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A survey
Authors: McToal Martina , McVeigh Rachel Christina , McVeigh Joseph G. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionFibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a common pain syndrome associated with fatigue and anxiety. The aim of this survey was to determine the impact of fatigue on the quality of life (QoL) of people with FMS and to explore the relationships between fatigue, pain, and anxiety.MethodsA postal survey was conducted among support groups. Demographic data were collected and participants were asked to complete the Multi‐dimensional Assessment of Fatigue Scale (MAF) and two visual analog scales (VAS) measuring pain and anxiety. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, and relationships between variables were explored using Pearson's correlation coefficient and Fisher's Exact Probability Test. Ethical approval was granted from Ulster University's research ethics committee.ResultsA response rate of 52.5% was achieved (105/200). Fatigue was found to severely impact the QoL of those with FMS. From the MAF, a mean Global Fatigue Index score of 40.7 (range 1 = no fatigue—50 = severe fatigue) was calculated. Fatigue was significantly associated with both pain (r = 0.674) and anxiety (r = 0.546) (both p values < 0.0001), and no significant relationship was found between the duration of FMS and fatigue (r = 0.106; p = 0.320).ConclusionFatigue has a major impact on the QoL of patients with FMS. There is a strong relationship between fatigue and other variables such as pain and anxiety. However, there is no relationship between the time since diagnosis and fatigue experienced. Fatigue management should feature highly in any treatment programme for those with FMS.