bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mendelian Randomization and Transcriptome Data Analysis Reveal Bidirectional Causal Relationships and Mechanisms Between Type 2 Diabetes and Gastric Cancer
Authors: Ma Junyang , Gao Yuan , Hou Shufu , Cui Shichang , Zhu Jiankang 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer globally,
and the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cancer risk remains
controversial.

Methods:
We performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using publicly available GWAS data to assess the causal relationship between T2DM and GC, validated by
heterogeneity and pleiotropy analyses. Transcriptomic data from TCGA and GEO were
analyzed to identify common differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Weighted gene co--
expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to construct a prognostic risk model.
Drug sensitivity and immune infiltration were evaluated using GDSC and ImmuCellAI,
respectively. Additionally, gene mutation analysis was conducted using TCGA data.

Results:
The Mendelian randomization analysis revealed a causal relationship between
T2DM and GC at the genetic level. Specifically, the causal effect of T2DM on GC was
estimated with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.32 (95% CI: 1.12-1.56), while the reverse causal
effect of GC on T2DM was estimated at an OR of 0.78 (95% CI: 0.67-0.91). Sensitivity
analyses, including Cochran's Q test and the leave-one-out test, confirmed the robustness of these findings. We constructed a prognostic risk score consisting of three T2DM-related genes (CST2, PSAPL1, and C4orf48) based on transcriptome data analysis.
Patients with high-risk scores exhibited significantly worse overall survival (OS) (p <
0.05). Cox regression analysis further confirmed the independent predictive value of the
risk score for GC prognosis. Our predictive model demonstrated good performance,
with an AUC of 0.786 in the training set and 0.757 in the validation set. Gene enrichment analysis indicated that the genes shared between T2DM and GC were associated
with inflammatory response, immune response, and metabolic pathways. Tumor immune microenvironment analysis suggested that immune evasion mechanisms may play
a key role in developing GC in patients with coexisting T2DM.

Conclusion:
T2DM is associated with reduced GC risk. The risk score and model may
help guide GC prognosis and management.
siRNA Knocking Down in HepG2 Cells Identifies PFKFB4 and HNF4α as Key Genes Important for Cancer Cell Survival
Authors: Imraish Amer , Alshaer Walhan , Abu-Thiab Tuqa , Enaya Fatima , Al‐Ameer Hamzeh J. , Al-Hunaiti Afnan , Abumurad Mohammad , Zihlif Malek 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
Liposomes are versatile delivery systems for encapsulating small interfering
RNAs (siRNAs) because they enhance cellular uptake and gene silencing. This study compares
the new liposome formula to commercial lipofectamine in delivering siRNAs targeting hepatic
carcinoma genes, focusing on HNF4-α and PFKFB4.

Methods:
Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy revealed efficient internalization of PE-Rhod-
B labeled lipoplexes in HepG2 cells, while cytotoxicity assays demonstrated significant reductions
in cell viability, particularly with siHNF4-α and siPFKFB4.

Results:
The newly formulated liposomes showed superior efficacy, achieving nearly 93% cytotoxicity
at 100 nM, compared to just 50% with lipofectamine at the same concentration. Furthermore,
real-time PCR confirmed that the liposome-encapsulated siHNF4-α reduced HNF4-α mRNA
expression by tenfold at 100 nM, compared to a twofold reduction with lipofectamine at 200
nM. Similarly, siPFKFB4 delivered via liposomes showed a dose-dependent 35-fold reduction in
PFKFB4 mRNA expression at 100 nM, outperforming the maximum reduction achieved by lipofectamine.
The IC50 values for all siRNA treatment groups were significantly lower when using
the liposome formula, reflecting improved delivery efficiency.

Conclusion:
These results demonstrate the potential of liposome formulations for therapeutic siRNA
delivery. The encapsulation enhances cellular uptake and gene silencing efficiency, making
the liposome formula a promising candidate for targeted gene therapy in hepatic carcinoma. Further
research should explore it’s in vivo biodistribution and potential combination therapies.
Current Status and Future Trends in Myocarditis Related to the COVID-19 Vaccines: A Visual and Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Zhang Youao , Wang Mengjia , Wang Jieyan 
Published: January 2025

Aims:
This study aims to conduct a bibliometric and visual analysis of published studies
on myocarditis and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines.

Background:
The widespread epidemic of COVID-19 has caused millions of deaths and profoundly
affected the global medical landscape. Studies on COVID-19 vaccination and related myocarditis
have also increased significantly.

Objective:
To analyze the current status and trends of myocarditis and COVID-19 vaccine research
by bibliometric and to elucidate research hotspots and frontiers.

Methods:
Based on the Web of Science Core Collection SCI-Expanded database, we utilize Excel
2019 and visualization analysis tools VOSviewer, Co-Occurrence13.2 (COOC13.2), Citespace,
HistCite, and Scimago Graphica for analysis.

Results:
Our study encompassed a total of 389 relevant articles, and we observed a consistent upward
trend in the number of publications over time, indicating the growing interest in this subject. Among
the countries and regions contributing to this body of literature, the United States emerged as the
leading publisher, with Harvard Medical School being the most prominent institution associated with
these studies. Notably, Matthew E. Oster from the United States emerged as one of the prominent
authors in this field. Hotspot research and frontier areas include myocarditis and the different types of
COVID-19 vaccines (e.g., mRNA vaccines, adenovirus vector vaccines, inactivated vaccines), the
development of new vaccines in reducing the incidence and sequelae of COVID-19 without an increased
incidence of myocarditis, and relief of vaccine hesitancy.

conclusion:
Research on myocarditis following the COVID-19 vaccine has grown rapidly. Our research results can help researchers grasp the current status of myocarditis following the COVID-19 vaccine research and find new research directions in the future.

Conclusion:
Research on myocarditis and the COVID-19 vaccines has grown rapidly. Our research
results can help researchers grasp the current status of myocarditis related to the COVID-19 vaccine
research and find new research directions in the future.
Nanochips in the Field of Oncology: Advancements and Potential for Enhanced Cancer Therapy
Authors: Hak Jiyaul , Jahan Iram , Farooqui Nasiruddin Ahmad , Singh Atul Pratap , Sharma Himanchal , Gohri Smriti , Gujjar Anshu , Mandal Suraj 
Published: January 2025

Abstract:
In the ongoing fight against cancer, conventional approaches often prove inadequate,
struggling with inefficiency and hazardous side effects. Introducing nanochip technology, a
promising solution in the pursuit of safer and more efficient cancer treatment. This study examines
the development, uses, and potential future of nanochip technology, with a specific focus
on its applications in the field of cancer detection and therapy. This review aims to study the current
advancements in nanochip technology and its applications in oncology, focusing on how these
innovations can potentially revolutionize cancer therapy. To discuss the potential challenges
and future prospects of integrating nanochips into clinical oncology practice. Silicon wafers and
biocompatible polymers (e.g., PDMS) are commonly used as substrates due to their excellent thermal
and electrical properties, ease of fabrication, and ability to integrate with biological systems.
Photolithography technique is widely used to pattern nanochips with microscale precision, enabling
the fabrication of high-density arrays for biomolecule capture and analysis. Nanochips outperform
standard cancer detection and treatment, according to the findings. Nanochips accurately
identify cancer biomarkers, enabling early diagnosis and real-time disease progression tracking.
Nanochips also carry anti-cancer medications directly to cells, reducing side effects and boosting
treatment results. Oncology is advancing using nanochip technology that combines diagnostic and
therapeutic functions. These technologies will improve with continued study, bringing the medical
community closer to more effective and safer cancer therapies. Nanochips might revolutionize cancer
treatment and patient quality of life.
Assessing Pulmonary Embolisms on Unenhanced CT Images Using Electron Density Images Derived from Dual-Layer Spectral Detector CT: A Single-centre Prospective Study Conducted at the Emergency Department
Authors: Du Huayang , Sui Xin , Zhao Ruijie , Wang Jiaru , Ming Ying , Piao Sirong , Wang Jinhua , Lu Xiaomei , Song Lan , Song Wei 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Multiple spectral images can be extrapolated from Spectral Detector CT (SDCT), ED, and OED images. ED and OED images are highly sensitive
to moisture-rich tissues. Moreover, they have the potential to detect pulmonary artery thrombi in non-enhanced chest CT images.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to assess the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of ED and OED images obtained using SDCT for the detection of
pulmonary embolism on non-enhanced images.

Aims:
This study aimed to evaluate the utility of unenhanced spectral imaging, Electron Density (ED), and Overlay Electron Density (OED) images for
assessing pulmonary embolisms in patients with suspected or confirmed Acute Pulmonary Embolism (APE).

Methods:
Seventy-nine patients who underwent unenhanced and Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography (CTPA) using dual-layer spectral detector
CT to evaluate APE between November, 2021 and April, 2022 were enrolled in this retrospective study. Based on unenhanced spectral and CTPA
images, two radiologists identified areas of high density in the main, lobar, and segmental pulmonary arteries on ED and OED images and detected
Pulmonary Embolism (PE) on enhanced images using a consultative approach. CTPA results were considered the gold standard. The diagnostic
performance of ED and OED in detecting PE was analyzed.

Results:
PE was detected in 40 patients (40/79), and 17, 69, and 20 PEs were detected in the main, lobar, and segmental arteries, respectively. The PE
detection sensitivity on ED images was 69.7–94.7%, and the specificity was 58.5–98.2% for the individual, main, lobe, and segmental pulmonary
arteries. The sensitivity and specificity for OED images were 94.1–95.2% and 80.0–98.1%, respectively. The positive predictive value (PPV) and
negative predictive value (NPV) were 53.6–87.7% and 69.7–95.9% for ED images and 48.5–88.9% and 94.1–98.9% for OED images, respectively.
The accuracy was 76.0–98.9% and 87.3–96.2% when using ED and OED images, respectively. The research identified that whether it was main,
lobar, or segmental pulmonary arteries with blood clots, EDW values ranged from 108.1–108.8%EDW, which were 3.9–4.2%EDW higher than
those of arteries without emboli. Pulmonary arteries with emboli standardised ED values were 103.6-104.3%EDW.

Conclusion:
ED and OED images using spectral CT without contrast media demonstrated high diagnostic performance and could improve the visualization of
PE.
Analyzing the Unique Phenomenon of ‘Sword Emphasis’ in Shu Culture: A Lead Isotope Perspective on Willow-Leaf-Shaped Bronze Swords Unearthed from the Shuangyuan Village Cemetery in Chengdu
Authors: Li Yuexuan , Yang Yingdong , Chen Dian , Wang Tianyou , Wang Xiaoting , Luo Wugan 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
The willow-leaf-shaped sword is a distinctive indigenous weapon of the
Bashu culture, used during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Despite initial archaeological investigations
suggesting the custom of ‘Sword Emphasis’ in the Bashu culture, the unique characteristic of willow-
leaf-shaped bronze swords compared to other weapons is still a question worth exploring.

Methods:
In this study, a portable X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometer (p-XRF) and multi-receiver
inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS) were used to examine willow-leafshaped
bronze swords unearthed from Shuangyuan Village Cemetery dating back to the Eastern
Zhou Dynasty.

Results:
Our findings reveal that bronze swords found in the same burial are predominantly made by
lead resources from the same geochemical province. This distinct pattern is exclusive to willow-leafshaped
swords and remained unchanged from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Warring
States period, despite variations in form. Moreover, willow-leaf-shaped swords exhibit marked
disparities from other weapons in terms of their origin, form, quantity, and function. Supporting literature
further underscores the historical significance attributed to swords by Bashu's ancestors. The
integration of scientific data and archaeological research embodies the cultural tradition of ‘Sword
Emphasis,’ highlighting the distinctive status of willow-leaf-shaped swords within the Bashu culture,
setting them apart from other weapons such as poleaxes, dagger-axes, and spears.

Conclusion:
This study represents the first attempt to correlate the trend of lead isotope concentration
with a distinctive cultural phenomenon specific to ancient Bashu. The phenomenon that bronze
swords found in the same burial predominantly with lead resources from the same geochemical province
reveals the distinctive characteristic of swords compared to other weapons, which is closely
correlated with the tradition of ‘Sword Emphasis’ in ancient Bashu.
Protective Effects of Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibition in Rats with Severe Acute Pancreatitis and Its Possible Mechanism
Authors: Su Tong , Xu Hongwei , Wang Ruixia , Xiao Tong , Wang Jing , Zhao Shulei 
Published: January 2025

Background and aim:
In the context of gastrointestinal diseases, the role of monoacylglycerol
lipase (MAGL) is significant. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the protective
effects of MAGL inhibition using JZL184 in rat models of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP)
and to explore its mechanism.

Methods:
In this study, a rat model of SAP was established, and the rats were divided into three
groups for treatment: the Control group (CON), the SAP group (SAP), and the SAP group treated
with JZL184 (JZL184). The serum levels of amylase (AMS), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine
(Cr), nitric oxide (NO), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), and phosphodiesterase
(PDE) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent detection kits. The ascites volume
was determined using the cotton ball weighing method. The levels of reactive oxygen species
(ROS) were detected using the ROS Kit. Additionally, histological tissue changes were assessed
through hematoxylin and eosin staining.

Results:
The SAP group showed increased levels of AMS, ALT, Cr, ROS, and ascites volume
compared to the CON group. Additionally, the SAP group exhibited congested and edematous
lung and pancreatic tissues with inflammation. However, the JZL184 group, when compared to
the SAP group, showed decreased levels of AMS, ALT, Cr, and ROS, reduced ascites volume,
and significantly reduced lung tissue and pancreatic histopathology scores. In the NO/cGMP/PDE
system, compared with the CON group, the levels of NO and PDE in the SAP group were higher
and the levels of cGMP were lower. Compared with the SAP group, the JZL184 group decreased
NO and PDE levels and increased cGMP levels.

Conclusions:
Indeed, the inhibition of MAGL with JZL184 has been found to have a protective effect
on rats with SAP. Specifically, it has shown significant improvement in the pathological damage
of lung and pancreatic tissues. Furthermore, JZL184 has also exhibited protective effects on
the liver and kidney. The mechanism may be related to the effect of JZL184 on the NO/cGMP/
PDE signaling pathway.
Metabolomic Analysis of the Effects of Canagliflozin on HFpEF Rats and Its Underlying Mechanism
Authors: Zhang Guorui , Zuo Qingjuan , Ma Sai , He Lili , Wang Zhongli , Zhai Jianlong , Zhang Tingting , Wang Yan , Guo Yifang 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) represents a challenging
cardiovascular condition characterized by normal systolic function but impaired diastolic
performance. Despite its increasing prevalence, therapeutic options remain limited. This study investigated
the metabolic effects of canagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor,
on cardiac function and energy metabolism in HFpEF.

Methods:
We established a rat model of HFpEF using Dahl salt-sensitive rats and evaluated three
experimental groups: control (A), HFpEF (B), and canagliflozin-treated HFpEF (C). This study
carried out comprehensive analyses of cardiac structure and function, metabolomic profiling, and
detailed assessment of myocardial energy metabolism, including mitochondrial respiratory capacity
and ATP synthesis. Additionally, we validated our findings using H9C2 cardiomyocytes under
controlled conditions.

Results:
Canagliflozin treatment significantly improved cardiac remodeling markers, including reduced
myocardial volume and fibrosis area, while enhancing diastolic function (E/A ratio).
Metabolomic analysis revealed normalization of hypermetabolic states, with significant reductions
in key metabolites, including L-lysine, D-glucose, and uridine. The treatment restored balance in
multiple metabolic pathways, particularly affecting β-alanine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism,
and the citrate cycle. Notably, canagliflozin enhanced mitochondrial respiratory function, increased
ATP synthesis, and optimized fatty acid utilization, as evidenced by reduced free fatty
acid content.

Conclusion:
Our findings demonstrated that canagliflozin exerts cardioprotective effects through
multiple metabolic pathways, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic option for HFpEF. The ability
of the drug to optimize energy metabolism and improve mitochondrial function represents a
novel mechanism for treating this challenging condition.
Wear Assessment of Novel PEEK Telescopic Attachment for Implant-Retained Mandibular Overdenture: A Clinical Trial Study
Authors: Quassem Mohamed A. , Badr Wesam E. , Mansour Mamdouh M. , Mahross Hamada Z. 
Published: January 2025

Background
The wear of Zirconia-PEEK telescopic attachments can affect the retention of the implant-retained complete mandibular overdenture.

Aims
This study aimed to assess Zirconia-PEEK wear versus cobalt-chromium-PEEK telescopic attachments for the implant-retained complete mandibular overdenture.

Methods
Twelve completely edentulous patients were randomly chosen for implant-retained telescopic overdentures construction and divided into two groups, where group I was a patient with zirconia copies, and group II was with a cobalt-chromium CoCr copy. The PEEK was constructed for both groups as a secondary coping telescopic attachment for the denture. The wear measurements of PEEK were performed optically by using a USB digital microscope with a built-in camera connected to a compatible personal computer at different intervals of baseline, 3, 6, and 9 months. The data were statistically analyzed and compared using Student t-test, ANOVA, and Post Hoc Test.

Results
The statistical data revealed that groups II and I, in comparison, showed a non-significant difference in topographic features (RMS) of PEEK at different intervals of baseline, 3, 6, and 9 months.

Conclusion
Within the limitations of the study, there was no significant difference between combining Zirconia-PEEK or CoCr-PEEK for telescopic overdenture procedures. Therefore, it is advisable esthetically and biomechanically to apply Zirconia-PEEK procedures instead of CoCr-PEEK to produce metal-free dental telescopic overdenture.

Clinical Trial Registration Number
NCT06434142
Piecemeal Resection of a Large Complex Odontoma Obstructing Upper Canine Eruption: A Case Report
Authors: Alsaegh Mohammed Amjed , Zaki Ahmed , Abuzayed Dua’a Hamed , Alowais Aisha Abdalla , Razouk Aya Mustafa , Ibrahim Ahmad Mohammad Wahbeh , Abdulkarim Asmaa Khaled , Alkubaisy Asia Muatasim 
Published: January 2025

Background
Odontomas are the most common odontogenic tumors that affect the oral cavity. They are asymptomatic bony lesions that vary in size and often lead to impaction or delayed eruption of associated teeth. The purpose of this study was to report a case of a large complex odontoma causing impaction of the maxillary left permanent canine with persistent pain, which was treated by piecemeal resection.

Case Presentation
A 32-year-old female reported persistent symptoms of pain and pressure on the left side of her face. Clinical examination revealed a small hard growth in the left canine region of the maxilla associated with an impacted permanent canine. Radiograph examination revealed a homogenous mass of calcified material lying just coronal to the impacted canine with similar radiodensity to the tooth structure and surrounded by a thin radiolucent rim, suggestive of an odontoma. The odontoma was accessed under local anesthesia via an intraoral approach and was surgically excised for future eruption of the impacted permanent canine.

Conclusion
Conservative surgical removal of odontomas is straightforward, but requires careful attention if the impacted tooth undergoes further orthodontic treatment. Early diagnosis and management are crucial to prevent eruption disturbances and cyst formation. The prognosis is generally good, and surgical excision is a reliable treatment.
Radiographic Evaluation of Fixed Prosthesis in the Ha’il Province of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almohefer Sami A. , Alkattan Rana K. , Aljohani Lama T. , Alhumayan Fai F. , Aldoghyeman Fatima Z. , Tamim Hani , Madfa Ahmed A. 
Published: January 2025

Background
This study aimed to assess the marginal adaptability of fixed partial dentures (FPDs) performed by private practitioners in the Ha’il district of Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, complications associated with the restorations were also recorded.

Methods
A comprehensive analysis was carried out on 1139 periapical digital radiographs to determine the type of material utilized for the prosthesis, as well as to observe and record various radiographic findings, including the presence of periapical lesions, marginal discrepancy, and the presence of calculus. In addition, the sheet documented the condition of the neighboring tooth, stating whether it was healthy, absent, or decayed. An analysis was performed to determine the frequency distribution and cross-tabulation of the variables. The chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were employed to assess the possible association between the several factors described in this study.

Results
The prevalence rate of dental caries in the mesial adjacent teeth to single or multiple-unit FPDs was 138 (15.4%), and in the distal adjacent teeth was 136 (15.2%). The likelihood of an apical lesion and bone loss in adjacent teeth both mesially and distally was found to be higher, whereas the absence of calculus was more frequent than its presence. There was no statistically significant correlation found between having more than one unit prosthesis or a single crown and the occurrence of periapical lesions, bone loss, or calculus buildup on teeth mesial to FPDs (p > 0.05). However, at the distal adjacent teeth, statistically significant differences were recorded (p < 0.05). A statistically significant correlation was observed between the type of prosthesis material and the marginal integrity in mesial abutments for FPDs (p < 0.05) as well as single crowns (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
The frequency of dental problems identified in this study was higher in comparison to other investigations on FPDs. Ensuring the long-term durability of any restoration relies heavily on achieving optimal marginal fit and exact interproximal contacts, which are critical technical considerations.