bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A method for calculating the discovery time of ballistic missiles detected by an infrared early warning satellite
Authors: Zhang Taotao , Chen Weiyi , Fang Dengjian 
Published: May 2023

To determine the high dynamic change characteristics of the relative space position between a ballistic missile and an early warning satellite during detection, a centric motion model of the ballistic missile and the early warning satellite are established first. Then, the space geometric relationship is presented. Based on the gray body radiation characteristics, the calculation model of the infrared radiation characteristics of the ballistic missile in the boost phase is established. Then, a method of early warning satellite detection and discrimination considering geometric visibility and infrared visibility is proposed. Finally, the simulation and key factor comparison analysis are carried out with a typical early warning satellite, infrared detector, and ballistic missile data. Validation results show that this method can quickly and accurately calculate the discovery time and flight height of ballistic missiles detected by early warning satellites. The validation results reveal that the missile trajectory and detection bands have a significant effect on the discovery time, and the discovery time in the 2.7 µm band is earlier than that in the 4.3 µm band for the same missile trajectory. It is also found that the change in SNRth between 4.24 and 7.58 has limited influence (less than 2 s) on the discovery time. The research conclusions have important significance for improving the detection strategy of ballistic missile defense. It can also provide support for optimizing missile trajectories.
Understanding and appraising ‘hate speech’
Authors: Vilar-Lluch Sara 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Hate speech has become a matter of international concern, permeating institutional and lay discussions alike. Yet,
exactly what it means to refer to a linguistic act as ‘hate speech’ remains unclear. This paper examines the lay understanding of
hate speech, focusing on (1) the relationship between hate speech and hate, and (2) the relationship between hate speech and
offensive speech. As part of the second question, the paper considers how hate speech is defined as a legal matter in the UK
Public Order Act 1986. The study adopts a corpus-based discourse analysis approach and examines 255 hate speech-related news
articles and the general English Web 2020 corpus. Hate speech is a complex multifaceted phenomenon; while ‘hate’
is one of its core characteristics, it is not sufficient to assess a certain behaviour as hate speech. Threats, denigration of the
targets based on a protected characteristic (age, race, religion, sex, sexual orientation, disability), the potential to cause
harm and the intent to stir up hatred are also essential in distinguishing hate speech and offense.
Perceiving the organisation through a coding scheme
Authors: Nissi Riikka , Lehtinen Esa 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In contemporary organisations, managerial expertise is increasingly viewed as an ability to reflect on activities, processes and human relations within organisational life in order to gain a systemic understanding of the workings of the organisation. This article examines the interactional practices of a consultant-led management training where steering groups of an organisation have a task of gaining such expertise. The article investigates how managerial expertise is constructed and negotiated in training interaction as the groups categorise their managerial actions through a specific coding scheme. The analysis shows that the use of the coding scheme is contingent on being able to display access to organisational processes and activities, connecting general managerial knowledge to specific, local knowledge of the organisation and moving from ‘knowing-that’ to ‘knowing-how’ type of knowledge.
Bilingual subtitling in streaming media
Authors: Gouleti Katerina 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article explores bilingual subtitling, a relatively under-researched mode of audiovisual translation, and its role in the ever-evolving landscape of global media streaming. Originally used for cinema productions in officially bilingual countries and international film festivals, bilingual subtitling has now resurfaced as a response to the growing affordances of streaming media. This article investigates the proliferation of bilingual subtitling tools and practices in different contexts, from PC-based tools and Chrome extensions that add bilingual subtitle features to streaming platforms (Netflix, YouTube) to amateur (optionally bilingual) subtitling streaming services (Viki Rakuten), video sharing websites (Bilibili), and online channels with open bilingual subtitles embedded in their videos (Easy Languages). Bilingual subtitling is further promoted as a pedagogical tool for foreign-language learning that matches the expectations of contemporary learners, especially ‘digital natives’ who have grown up with new online modalities. The conventional ways in which audiences used to engage with audiovisual content have, arguably, been superseded as streaming platforms that offer an abundance of options in terms of language and content are gradually reshaping viewing patterns. Shifting away from long-established patterns of passive TV consumption, this article also sets out to present online collaborations and initiatives that seek to incorporate bilingual subtitles in language learning while promoting the active participation of the audience within the emerging media streaming landscape.
An accurate many-body expansion potential energy surface for HO2 (X
2A″) by extrapolation to the complete basis set limit and quantum dynamics of the related reaction O(3P) + OH(2Π)
Authors: Lü Yanling , Zhang Chengyuan , Guo Qiang , Li Yongqing 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A new global many-body expansion potential energy surface (PES) for the ground electronic state of HO2 is constructed. All ab initio energy points are employed using aug-cc-pV(Q+ d)Z and aug-cc-pV(5+ d)Z basis sets at the multi-reference conformational interaction level and then extrapolated to the complete basis set limit. The topographic characteristics of the global PES for HO2 (X
2A″) are discussed in detail and compared with experimental results, showing good agreement. We subsequently consider the O(3P) + OH(2Π) → O2(3

Σ

g

−

) + H(2S) reaction using the time-dependent wave packet method and calculate dynamics behaviors, including the vibration–rotation distribution and reaction probabilities. The results indicate that the new PES is suitable for dynamics investigations of O(3P) + OH(2Π) → O2(3

Σ

g

−

) + H(2S) and can be used as a component for PESs to construct larger oxygen/hydrogen containing systems.
Tuning aggregation state in PTMA/PVP blends for high energy storage
Authors: Feng Yang , Li Mingru , Shang Kai , Niu Huan , Lu Guanghao , Li Shengtao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Dielectric capacitors supported by all-organic materials show great potentials in advanced electronic and electric devices. However, the contradiction between increases in dielectric constant and breakdown strength severely prevents the development of high-performance all-organic materials. Here, simultaneous increases in dielectric constant and breakdown strength are achieved in the blend of poly(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy) (PTMA) and poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP) by tuning the aggregation state. Given the film formability and polarity, PVP is blended into the high-dielectric constant PTMA as a binder to further improve the dielectric properties. An energy density of 8.6 J cm−3 is eventually obtained in the blend with 10% PVP loading owing to its excellent dielectric properties. Combination of the enhanced dipole polarization from the discontinuous PVP aggregations and space charge polarization resulting from the charge transfer between nitroxide radicals (–NO·) leads to high dielectric constant of 14.6 for the blend. The maximum optical direct energy band gap derived from the discontinuous PVP aggregation in the blend also allows for the highest breakdown strength of 365 MV m−1. These results demonstrate that high dielectric constant and high breakdown strength of the blend are attributed to the discontinuous PVP aggregations. It opens a new avenue for exploring all-organic blends with excellent energy storage performance.
Implementation strategies in phonopy and phono3py
Authors: Togo Atsushi , Chaput Laurent , Tadano Terumasa , Tanaka Isao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Scientific simulation codes are public property sustained by the community. Modern technology allows anyone to join scientific software projects, from anywhere, remotely via the internet. The phonopy and phono3py codes are widely used open-source phonon calculation codes. This review describes a collection of computational methods and techniques implemented in these codes and shows their implementation strategies as a whole, aiming to be useful for the community. Some of the techniques presented here are not limited to phonon calculations and may therefore be useful in other areas of condensed matter physics.
Theoretical modeling and optimization of the plateau force of tubular anti-tetrachiral structures
Authors: Zhang Chuanbiao , Lu Fucong , Wu Jie , Liu Xiaohong , Zhu Yilin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Modern engineering has an increasing demand for engineering structures with various desired properties. Metamaterials are endowed with multiple functions by changing the type of structural unit cell or geometric parameters, and show many advantages over traditional materials. However, there exists a gap in the research of the compressive theory of tubular anti-tetrachiral structure. In this study, we investigated the deformation theory of tubular anti-tetrachiral structure subjected to quasi-static compression. We derived the expressions for the plateau stress and plateau length of the structure, and analyzed the impact of geometric parameters on the safety parameters (i.e. plateau stress and plateau length). We performed multi-objective optimization within a limited range of geometric parameters and obtained a set of parameters that increased the plateau stress and plateau length by 244.24% and 3.25%, respectively, when compared to the initial parameters. Our findings provide a foundation for the application of tubular anti-tetrachiral structure.
A multifunctional hybrid extrinsic–intrinsic self-healing laminated composites
Authors: Konlan John , Feng Xiaming , Li Guoqiang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Damage healing in fiber reinforced thermoset polymer composites has been generally divided into intrinsic healing by the polymer itself and extrinsic healing by incorporation of external healing agent. In this study, we propose to use a hybrid extrinsic-intrinsic self-healing strategy to heal delamination in laminated composite induced by low velocity impact. Especially, we propose to use an intrinsic self-healing thermoset vitrimer as an external healing agent, to heal delamination in laminated thermoset polymer composites. To this purpose, we designed and synthesized a new vitrimer, machined it into powders, and strategically sprayed a layer of vitrimer powders at the interface between the laminas during manufacturing. Also, a thermoset shape memory polymer with fire-proof property was used as the matrix. As a result, incorporation of about 3% by volume of vitrimer powders made the laminate exhibit multifunctionalities such as repeated delamination healing, excellent shape memory effect, improved toughness and impact tolerance, and decent fire-proof properties. In particular, the novel vitrimer powder imparted the laminate with first cycle and second cycle delamination healing efficiencies of 98.06% and 85.93%, respectively. The laminate also exhibited high recovery stress of 65.6 MPa. This multifunctional composite laminate has a great potential in various engineering applications, for example, actuators, robotics, deployable structures, and smart fire-proof structures.
Phase transitions in transition-metal dichalcogenides with strain: insights from first-principles calculations
Authors: Liu Rui-Qi , Mi Jiu-Long , Wang Bo-Jing , Hou Yi-Na , Liu Lin , Shi Yan-Nan , Song Yu-Shan , Jin Chen-Dong , Zhang Hu , Gong Peng-Lai , Lian Ru-Qian , Wang Jiang-Long , Shi Xing-Qiang , Wang Rui-Ning 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIt is well known that monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides (MX2, M = Mo, W and X = S, Se, Te) could exist in three common structures, i.e. 1T,1T′, and 1Hphases. In order to reveal their possible phase transitions driven by biaxial strain, we use first-principles calculations to determine the energy landscapes associated with these three phases. Due to its intrinsic dynamical instability, the centrosymmetric 1Tphase is known to be metastable and will transform into the1T′phase where pairs of metal atoms pull together toward each other. Moreover, controlling the metallic1T′and semiconducting 1Hphases is of particular interest as this can introduce novel opportunities in a series of applications. When a biaxial strain is simultaneously compressed along the zigzag direction and stretched along the armchair direction, phase transitions from 1Hto1T′have occurred in MSe2and MoTe2, but for MSe2the biaxial strain is much difficult to realize in experiments. For WTe2, the1T′structure will transform into the 1Hform when a biaxial strain is just compressed along the armchair direction. The transitions between 1Hand1T′phases could be attributed to the changes of metal-chalcogen bonds along the armchair direction by analyzing the Crystal Orbital Hamilton Population. Only half M-X bonds along the armchair direction is the main factor, because their lengths are robust in1T′phase and decrease in 1Hform with the tensile strain applied along the armchair direction. Our findings provide a guideline for the phase engineering of transition-metal dichalcogenides with biaxial strain.
A review of mechanical and tribological properties of Ni3Al-based coatings-synthesis and high-temperature behavior
Authors: Tiwari Sunil Kumar , Rao Akula Umamaheswara , Kharb Archana Singh , Chawla Amit Kumar , Avasthi Devesh Kumar 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Ni-based superalloys and thin films have drawn the attention of researchers because of their extraordinary properties. In particular, Nickel Aluminides like Ni3Al thin films show excellent mechanical and tribological properties. They are good candidates for high-temperature applications as they show excellent corrosion and oxidation resistance properties. Several researchers have synthesized Ni3Al thin films via Chemical vapor deposition methods (CVD) and physical vapor deposition methods (PVD). Most of them have synthesized Ni3Al thin film via magnetron sputtering because of microstructural homogeneity and less contamination achieved by this process. To achieve better properties of these films, many alterations in terms of deposition parameters and doping have been experimented by researchers. This work reflects the review of work done in the area of depositing Ni3Al-based thin films via different techniques for high-temperature applications.
Asymmetric modulation instability in nonlinear metamaterial waveguides
Authors: Asma Mir , Shafeeque Ali A K 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we explore the formation of asymmetric modulation instability spectrum in the metamaterials as a result of the joined effect of self-steepening and intra-pulse Raman scattering. In general, the modulation instability gain spectrum is symmetric about the zero perturbation frequency. Here we observe asymmetric modulation instability gain spectrum and the asymmetry depends on the sign of the refractive index of the medium. When the refractive index of the medium is negative the band with high modulation instability gain is observed at positive detuning frequency regime in contrast to the case of positive refractive index regime where the band with high modulation instability gain is present at a negative detuning frequency regime. This preponderance is attributed to the opposite directionality of phase velocity and energy flow in a negative index material. Our study provides additional ways to tune soliton and ultrashort pulses utilizing engineering freedom of metamaterials.
Imaging microwave field of chip surfaces based on scanning microwave microscopy
Authors: Cheng Fan , Zhang Zhenrong , Pei Tao , Jia Xudong , Xue Yifan , Wen Huan Fei , Li Zhonghao , Guo Hao , Ma Zongmin , Tang Jun , Liu Jun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
With the rapid development of semiconductor chip circuit integration and miniaturization, especially the high integration of microwave chips, it has become critical to realize the surface microwave field imaging for such chips. In this paper, a new method of microwave field imaging for chip surface is proposed based on scanning probe microscopy. We analyse the echo signal and extract the peak-to-peak values to characterize the microwave field intensity on the chip surface by building a theoretical model of the microwave signal coupling. Using a high-precision scanning stage based on a piezoelectric ceramic tube, we realize the imaging of microwave field. The experimental results show that the imaging method can complete the chip surface microwave field imaging, which is important to support the optimization of semiconductor chip manufacturing process, fault analysis and new material research, and promote the development and progress of the semiconductor industry.
Coupling simulation of the cooling air duct and the battery pack in battery energy storage systems
Authors: Zhu Xinlong , Xu Xintian , Kong Benben , Wang Junyi , Shi Hong , Jiang Yanlong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The air-cooled battery thermal management system (BTMS) is a safe and cost-effective system to control the operating temperature of the battery energy storage system (BESS) within a desirable range. Different from the design of the air supply flow field of most BESSs in previous studies, this study proposes a novel calculation method that combines the cooling air duct and the battery pack to enhance the heat dissipation of the battery. Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models, potential problems with numerical calculations of cooling air duct and battery packs alone and coupled simulations of the two are investigated. The important factors influencing the uniformity of air supply are identified, and creative measures for improvement are proposed. The results in this paper show that the uniformity of the outlet air supply does not indicate that the temperature uniformity performance of the matrix battery meets the requirements due to the variation of the sub air duct outlet pressure, and the coupling simulation of the cooling air duct and the battery pack is an essential process for BESS. With the improvements proposed in this paper, the standard deviation coefficient of velocity is reduced from 60.3% to 12.6%. Furthermore, the innovative improvement of placing the partition in the connecting duct can regulates the battery temperature between 298.58 K and 311.73 K and ensures a maximum temperature difference of only 4.22 K for a single battery. Ultimately, the power consumption of the cooling system can be reduced by 6.9%. The results of the paper provide a guide for uniform heat dissipation in BESS.
Lyman-α polarization from cosmological ionization fronts. Part II. Implications for intensity mapping
Authors: Koivu Emily , Long Heyang , Yang Yuanyuan , Hirata Christopher M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This is the second paper in a series whose aim is to predict the power spectrum of intensity and polarized intensity from cosmic reionization fronts. After building the analytic models for intensity and polarized intensity calculations in paper I, here we apply these models to simulations of reionization. We construct a geometric model for identifying front boundaries, calculate the intensity and polarized intensity for each front, and compute a power spectrum of these results. This method was applied to different simulation sizes and resolutions, so we ensure that our results are convergent.
We find that the power spectrum of fluctuations at z = 8 in a bin of width Δz = 0.5 (λ/Δλ = 18) is Δℓ ≡ [ℓ(ℓ + 1)C
ℓ/2π]1/2 is 3.2 × 10-11 erg s-1 cm-2 sr-1 for the intensity I, 7.6 × 10-13 erg s-1 cm-2 sr-1 for the E-mode polarization, and 5.8 × 10-13 erg s-1 cm-2 sr-1 for the B-mode polarization at ℓ = 1.5 × 104.
After computing the power spectrum, we compare results to detectable scales and discuss implications for observing this signal based on a proposed experiment. We find that, while fundamental physics does not exclude this kind of mapping from being attainable, an experiment would need to be highly ambitious and require significant advances to make mapping Lyman-α polarization from cosmic reionization fronts a feasible goal.
Bootstrapping multi-field inflation: non-Gaussianities from light scalars revisited
Authors: Wang Dong-Gang , Pimentel Guilherme L. , Achúcarro Ana 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Primordial non-Gaussianities from multi-field inflation are a leading target for cosmological observations, because of the possible large correlations generated between long and short distances.
These signatures are captured by the local shape of the scalar bispectrum. In this paper, we revisit the nonlinearities of the conversion process from additional light scalars into curvature perturbations during inflation.
We provide analytic templates for correlation functions valid at any kinematical configuration, using the cosmological bootstrap as a main computational tool. Our results include the possibility of large breaking of boost symmetry, in the form of small speeds of sound for both the inflaton and the mediators.
We consider correlators coming from the tree-level exchange of a massless scalar field.
By introducing a late-time cutoff, we identify that the symmetry constraints on the correlators are modified. This leads to anomalous conformal Ward identities, and consequently the bootstrap differential equations acquire a source term that depends on this cutoff.
The solutions to the differential equations are scalar seed functions that incorporate these late-time growth effects.
Applying weight-shifting operators to auxiliary “seed” functions, we obtain a systematic classification of shapes of non-Gaussianity coming from massless exchange.
For theories with de Sitter symmetry, we compare the resulting shapes with the ones obtained via the δN formalism, identifying missing contributions away from the squeezed limit. For boost-breaking scenarios, we derive a novel class of shape functions with phenomenologically distinct features in scale-invariant theories.
Specifically, the new shape provides a simple extension of equilateral non-Gaussianity: the signal peaks at a geometric configuration controlled by the ratio of the sound speeds of the mediator and the inflaton.