bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lightweight real-time hand segmentation leveraging MediaPipe landmark detection
Authors: Sánchez-Brizuela Guillermo , Cisnal Ana , de la Fuente-López Eusebio , Fraile Juan-Carlos , Pérez-Turiel Javier 
Published: September 2023

AbstractReal-time hand segmentation is a key process in applications that require human–computer interaction, such as gesture recognition or augmented reality systems. However, the infinite shapes and orientations that hands can adopt, their variability in skin pigmentation and the self-occlusions that continuously appear in images make hand segmentation a truly complex problem, especially with uncontrolled lighting conditions and backgrounds. The development of robust, real-time hand segmentation algorithms is essential to achieve immersive augmented reality and mixed reality experiences by correctly interpreting collisions and occlusions. In this paper, we present a simple but powerful algorithm based on the MediaPipe Hands solution, a highly optimized neural network. The algorithm processes the landmarks provided by MediaPipe using morphological and logical operators to obtain the masks that allow dynamic updating of the skin color model. Different experiments were carried out comparing the influence of the color space on skin segmentation, with the CIELab color space chosen as the best option. An average intersection over union of 0.869 was achieved on the demanding Ego2Hands dataset running at 90 frames per second on a conventional computer without any hardware acceleration. Finally, the proposed segmentation procedure was implemented in an augmented reality application to add hand occlusion for improved user immersion. An open-source implementation of the algorithm is publicly available at https://github.com/itap-robotica-medica/lightweight-hand-segmentation.
Cortical and subcortical morphometric changes and their relation to cognitive impairment in isolated REM sleep behavior disorder
Authors: Mala Christiane , Havlík Filip , Mana Josef , Nepožitek Jiří , Dostálová Simona , Růžička Evžen , Šonka Karel , Keller Jiří , Jech Robert , Dušek Petr , Bezdicek Ondrej , Krupička Radim 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective
To date, very few studies have focused on structural changes and their association with cognitive performance in isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD). Moreover, the results of these studies are inconclusive. This study aims to evaluate differences in the associations between brain morphology and cognitive tests in iRBD and healthy controls.

Methods
Sixty-three patients with iRBD and thirty-six controls underwent MRI with a 3 T scanner. The cognitive performance was assessed by a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Based on performance, the iRBD group was divided into two subgroups with (iRBD-MCI) and without mild cognitive impairment (iRBD-NC). The high-resolution T1-weighted images were analysed using an automated atlas segmentation tool, voxel-based (VBM) and deformation-based (DBM) morphometry to identify between-group differences and correlations with cognitive performance.

Results
VBM, DBM and the comparison of ROI volumes yielded no significant differences between iRBD and controls. In the iRBD group, significant correlations in VBM were found between several cortical and subcortical structures primarily located in the temporal, parietal, occipital lobe, cerebellum, and basal ganglia and three cognitive tests assessing psychomotor speed and one memory test. Between-group analysis of cognition revealed a significant difference between iRBD-MCI and iRBD-NC in tests including a processing speed component.

Conclusions
iRBD shows deficits in several cognitive tests that correlate with morphological changes, the most prominent of which is in psychomotor speed and visual attention as measured by the TMT-A and associated with the volume of striatum, insula, cerebellum, temporal lobe, pallidum and amygdala.
Application of the mild behavioral impairment checklist in Chinese patients with the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Cui Yue , Liu Li , Chu Min , Xie Kexin , Chen Zhongyun , Nan Haitian , Kong Yu , Xia Tianxinyu , Wang Yingtao , Wang Yihao , He Qianqian , Wu Liyong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
The mild behavioral impairment checklist (MBI-C) designed to capture neuropsychiatric symptoms in the whole spectrum of elder with or without dementia, have been verified in mild behavioral impairment, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's Disease, but never used in the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD).

Methods
Fifty-two patients with bvFTD (mild, n = 30; moderate-severe, n = 22) and 82 community-dwelling elderly individuals (HCs) were enrolled. All subjects were assessed with a full neuropsychological scale including the MBI-C, Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q), and Frontal Behavioral Inventory (FBI). Receiver operating characteristic curves were drawn to analyze the sensitivity and specificity of the MBI-C, NPI-Q, and FBI, and cutoff points were determined using the Youden index.

Results
The MBI-C and domain scores in all patients with bvFTD were significantly higher than those in HCs. The most common symptoms of bvFTD were apathy (82.7%) and impulse dyscontrol (80.8%). The MBI-C score was positively correlated with the NPI-Q, FBI, and Activities of Daily Living. For differentiating patients with both bvFTD and mild bvFTD from HCs, the optimal MBI-C cutoff point was 5.5 with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 82%, and its sensitivity was higher than that of the NPI-Q and FBI.

Conclusion
The MBI-C is a sensitive tool for screening behavioral and psychological symptoms in patients with bvFTD, even in the early stages of the disease.
Effects of laser acupuncture on anthropometric parameters and lipid profile in obese adolescents
Authors: Zohdy Rasha , Alsharnoubi Jehan , Kandeel Wafaa , Saber Maha , Elmorsy Hanaa Reyad Abdallah , Dabbous Ola 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe purpose was to compare the effects of diet and exercise and laser interference and maneuver on anthropometric parameters and blood effects of object agents. The study was a randomized controlled longitudinal study. It included 45 adolescents from both sexes who were divided randomly into two groups: one group was treated with low calorie diet and exercise as group A and group B was treated with low calorie diet, exercise, and laser acupuncture. All parameters and blood samples were done before and after the interventions. Group A showed a highly significant reduction post intervention in anthropometric parameters: triceps skin fold thickness (SFT), biceps SFT, subscapular SFT, suprailiac SFT, abdominal SFT, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), waist C, and hip C, except for waste/hip (W/H) ratio which showed no significant difference,p> 0.05 and some lipid profiles (cholesterol, LDL) withp< 0.001 Whereas, a significant decrease in TG was observed (p< 0.05). On the other hand, a significant increase in HDL was observed (p< 0.05). Group B (LCD + exercise + LA) showed a highly significant reduction post intervention in anthropometric parameters: triceps SFT, biceps SFT, subscapular SFT, suprailiac SFT, abdominal SFT, MUAC, waist C, and Hip C, except for W/H ratio which showed no significant difference,p> 0.05 and lipid profile: cholesterol, LDL, and TG with (p< 0.001), whereas a highly significant increase in HDL was observed (p< 0.001). The current study revealed a significant difference between group A and group B regarding the percentage of change, where the highest values were found in group B compared to group A, in anthropometric parameters (weight, BMI, subscapular SFT, MUAC, waist circumference) and some lipid profiles (LDL and HDL) withp< 0.05. Laser acupuncture was a safe, easy, and more effective tool with extra effect in management of obesity when added to diet and exercise on anthropometric parameters and lipid profile.
Deep Transfer Learning-Based Approach for Glucose Transporter-1 (GLUT1) Expression Assessment
Authors: Al Zorgani Maisun Mohamed , Ugail Hassan , Pors Klaus , Dauda Abdullahi Magaji 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) expression level is a biomarker of tumour hypoxia condition in immunohistochemistry (IHC)-stained images. Thus, the GLUT-1 scoring is a routine procedure currently employed for predicting tumour hypoxia markers in clinical practice. However, visual assessment of GLUT-1 scores is subjective and consequently prone to inter-pathologist variability. Therefore, this study proposes an automated method for assessing GLUT-1 scores in IHC colorectal carcinoma images. For this purpose, we leverage deep transfer learning methodologies for evaluating the performance of six different pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures: AlexNet, VGG16, GoogleNet, ResNet50, DenseNet-201 and ShuffleNet. The target CNNs are fine-tuned as classifiers or adapted as feature extractors with support vector machine (SVM) to classify GLUT-1 scores in IHC images. Our experimental results show that the winning model is the trained SVM classifier on the extracted deep features fusion Feat-Concat from DenseNet201, ResNet50 and GoogLeNet extractors. It yields the highest prediction accuracy of 98.86%, thus outperforming the other classifiers on our dataset. We also conclude, from comparing the methodologies, that the off-the-shelf feature extraction is better than the fine-tuning model in terms of time and resources required for training.
Bayesian Optimization of Wall-Normal Blowing and Suction-Based Flow Control of a NACA 4412 Wing Profile
Authors: Mallor Fermin , Semprini-Cesari Giacomo , Mukha Timofey , Rezaeiravesh Saleh , Schlatter Philipp 
Published: September 2023

AbstractActive flow-control techniques have shown promise for achieving high levels of drag reduction. However, these techniques are often complex and involve multiple tunable parameters, making it challenging to optimize their efficiency. Here, we present a Bayesian optimization (BO) approach based on Gaussian process regression to optimize a wall-normal blowing and suction control scheme for a NACA 4412 wing profile at two angles of attack: 5 and 11 $$^\circ$$

∘

, corresponding to cruise and high-lift scenarios, respectively. An automated framework is developed by linking the BO code to the CFD solver OpenFOAM. RANS simulations (validated against high-fidelity LES and experimental data) are used in order to evaluate the different flow cases. BO is shown to provide rapid convergence towards a global maximum, even when the complexity of the response function is increased by introducing a model for the cost of the flow control actuation. The importance of considering the actuation cost is highlighted: while some cases yield a net drag reduction (NDR), they may result in an overall power increase. Furthermore, optimizing for NDR or net power reduction (NPR) can lead to significantly different actuation strategies. Finally, by considering losses and efficiencies representative of real-world applications, still a significant NPR is achieved in the 11$$^\circ$$

∘

case, while net power reduction is only marginally positive in the 5$$^\circ$$

∘

case.
Teachers’ Understanding of the Major Sources of Self-efficacy in Early Childhood
Authors: Franks Dimity , Barblett Lennie , Kirk Gillian 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Self-efficacy has been associated with benefits to everyday life such as resilience to stress and adversity, healthy behaviours, improved performance, and academic achievement. Research into self-efficacy development is scarce in early childhood, yet self-efficacy is associated with numerous skills and competencies taught in the early years of school. A mixed-method approach was employed to explore early childhood teachers’ understanding of how self-efficacy developed in children. The study focussed on teachers of children in Kindergarten to Year 2 (K–2) in primary schools in Western Australia and was conducted in two phases. Initially, an online survey, answered by 74 K–2 teachers, was implemented to gather early childhood teachers’ understandings of the self-efficacy construct. The second phase sought additional description of survey findings through semi-structured interviews with 10 early childhood teachers. Findings identified that early childhood teachers describe the sources of self-efficacy differently to research with older children and adults. In older children, mastery is considered a primary source of self-efficacy, as mastery experiences provide children with concrete evidence of their capabilities and competence. This study identified that young children, who have not had time or opportunity to master complex cognitive tasks, rely on self-efficacy sources that are more in line with their developmental levels, including their physiological and emotional states. This finding has major implications for how teachers, school leaders, curriculum writers and policy makers think about the self-efficacy development of children in early childhood settings.
Study of modeling questions in a first-year university mathematics online course
Authors: Ramírez-Sánchez Camilo Andrés , Romo-Vázquez Avenilde , Romo-Vázquez Rebeca , Velásquez-Rojas Diana 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe training of non-specialists, particularly engineers, in mathematics requires designing specific didactic proposals that make the importance of mathematics evident. One approach to creating such proposals consists in analyzing the mathematics used in authentic contexts of engineering research and then effectuating a didactic transposition to mathematics teaching. To this end, in this research, we use elements of the anthropological theory of the didactic and the methodology of didactic engineering. Initially, we analyze the blind source separation method, a case of inverse modeling widely used in numerous engineering contexts (e.g., telecommunications, acoustics, geophysics, biosignal analysis). More specifically, we examine the algorithm based on the $$A\mathbf{x}=\mathbf{b}$$

A
x
=
b

matrix model and its use in a signal processing context. Based on this analysis, we designed a didactic device that focuses the study on a simulated signal mixture of pure tones and implemented it in two first-year university mathematics courses in the virtual modality. This article reports the results of the students’ first approximation to mathematical modeling activity in a setting of authentic research in engineering using a blind source separation method.
Exploring the Relationship Between Fishing Actors and Network Prominence in information-sharing Networks in Jamaican small-scale Fisheries
Authors: Wade Eric , Alexander Steven M. , Gerkey Drew , Biedenweg Kelly 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInformation-sharing social networks support the adaptive capacity of small-scale fishers in the face of social and environmental change by allowing them to increase access to unique knowledge critical to their fishing success. The facilitation of information exchange may be supported and influenced by persons in key positions. Within these networks, centralized actors often control the flow and access to information. We take a descriptive approach to explore the relationship between fishing role and actor prominence within information-sharing networks in Jamaica. We hypothesized that fishing captains – given their perceived legitimacy and formal and informal authority – would be more prominent in information-sharing networks, and the information they shared would be perceived as more trustworthy and influential than that of non-captains. We collected personal social networks of fishers (n = 353) on 20 fishing beaches across four parishes in Jamaica using structured questionnaires. We found low centralization and density scores across the parishes, suggesting an even distribution of actor centrality. Our results show that non-captains play a more prominent role in information sharing than fishing captains in one parish suggesting that captains and non-captains play similar roles in facilitating information, and that differences lie in whether fishers perceive the shared information as trustworthy and influential in their fishing decisions and not the prominence of the actor. These findings contribute to understanding the various adaptive strategies fishers develop to meet growing social-ecological changes in small-scale fisheries. Identifying key informants in prominent positions can also support the development of more effective strategies to communicate and share information across communities.
Cognitive-Based Interventions for Improving Psychological Health and Well-Being for Parents of Children with Developmental Disabilities: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Li Sini , Yong Yijing , Li Yamin , Li Jianhe , Xie Jiao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis review aims to systematically summarize existing evidence to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-based interventions (CBIs) on psychological health and well-being among parents of children with developmental disabilities (DD). Six databases were searched to identify eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from their inception to April 2023. The revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for RCTs was applied to assess the risk of bias and the certainty of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Meta-analyses were conducted using a random-effects model. Twenty-five RCTs involving 1915 participants were identified. The results indicated that CBIs reduced parental stress levels (Hedges’ g = − 0.69), depressive symptoms (g = − 0.95), anxiety levels (g = − 0.78), and parental distress (g = − 0.29), and improved parental well-being (g = 0.62) and parent‒child relationships (g = 0.43) postintervention compared with the active/inactive control groups. Subgroup analysis of the effectiveness of interventions using mindfulness-based interventions and cognitive behavioural therapy showed positive effects. The favourable intervention duration and participant targets were also identified in this review. Furthermore, the effects of CBIs were impacted by the different types of DD among the children. This review highlighted the positive effects of CBIs on parental stress levels, depressive symptoms, anxiety levels, parental distress levels, parental well-being levels, and parent‒child relationships. Future well-designed RCTs are needed to further investigate the effects of MBIs and CBT interventions on children with DD and their parents, as well as the factors and mechanisms of action affecting the efficacy of these interventions.
Leader Identity on the Fly: Intra-personal Leader Identity Dynamics in Response to Strong Events
Authors: Nieberle Karolina W. , Acton Bryan P. , Braun Susanne , Lord Robert G. , Fu Yue 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRecent theorizing challenges the notion that leadership, and especially leader identities, is static. Yet, we know little about the dynamics that characterize how leader identities change within individuals across short periods of time. The current work integrates theorizing on temporal dynamics in leadership research with event systems theory to describe and predict day-to-day shifts (i.e., unidirectional, sudden changes) and dynamic ebb and flow patterns (i.e., multidirectional, potentially nonlinear changes over multiple days) of individuals’ leader identities. Specifically, we argue that the experience of strong (i.e., novel, disruptive, extraordinary) daily events facilitates positive leader identity shifts, and that over time, the resulting identity ebb and flows are more pronounced in unfamiliar compared to familiar contexts. We collected experience sampling data from 69 young adults at a university in the UK across seven-day periods at three different time points during the academic year (1159 data points). Using dynamical systems modeling, we analyze the velocity (i.e., rate of change) and the acceleration (i.e., change in velocity) parameters of individuals’ leader identity dynamics. We find that (a) on a daily level, strong events prompt positive shifts in leader identity, and that (b) over time, chains of stronger and weaker events provoke similar patterns of leader identity ebb and flows. However, these relationships are not stronger in unfamiliar compared to familiar contexts. Our research informs the theoretical understanding of events and short-term leader identity dynamics. We discuss implications for theory and research, in particular how events can trigger leader identity formation.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children with Severe or Moderate Intellectual Disability: A Study Using the Diagnostic Interview Trauma, Stressors – Severe/Moderate ID
Authors: Hoogstad Annemieke , Mevissen Liesbeth , Didden Robert 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNo research has been conducted on PTSD manifestation in children with severe or moderate intellectual disability (SID; IQ 20 – 49) and no PTSD measurement instrument was available. This pilot explores the psychometric properties of a new diagnostic instrument to investigate trauma and to classify PTSD in children with SID. The Diagnostic Interview Trauma and Stressors-Severe Intellectual Disabilities (DITS-SID), Aberrant Behavior Checklist and Child and Adolescent Trauma Screener 3-6 were administered to parents and residential caregivers of fifteen children with SID. The inter-rater reliability of the DITS-SID is good to excellent. There are indications of a good convergent validity. PTSD prevalence seems high at 27%-33%. Self-injurious behavior was one of the most commonly reported PTSD symptoms. There is evidence that the PTSD manifestation of children with SID does not differ from that of children without SID. PTSD is probably underdiagnosed in this target group. In understanding challenging behavior, it is important to consider an underlying PTSD in order to provide appropriate treatment. The DITS-SID is potentially suitable for diagnosing PTSD. Follow-up research in a larger sample is needed.
Refugees’ Care Experiences, Self-Reported Health Outcomes and Transition to Mainstream Health Care After One Year at the Refugee Engagement and Community Health (REACH) Clinic
Authors: Reboe-Benjamin Monique , Brindamour Mahli , Leis Karen , Hanson Jacelyn , Verity-Anderson Lori , Gomez Maria , Baerg Melanie , Leis Anne 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study reports how refugees experienced care at an integrated clinic during their first year in Canada and how they transitioned to a community physician. A survey was completed by 75 Government Assisted Refugees followed at the REACH clinic between 2018 and 2020; 16 agreed to an additional interview. Regression modelling explored the relationship between “perceived health status at one year” and several independent variables. Qualitative thematic analysis provided context. Tailored access to care and enhanced communication through interpretation contributed to satisfaction with clinic services. A significant positive relationship was found between their perceived health status and frequency of visits (p < 0.042), and “doctors’ advice about how to stay healthy” (p < 0.039). Interview findings highlighted the important role of settlement agencies, timing for a successful transition and physicians’ support resources. While refugees benefit from attending integrated clinics, these should also prepare the care transition to community physicians. Targeted government funding and continued medical education could enhance refugees’ transition experience.
A Speed Restart Scheme for a Dynamics with Hessian-Driven Damping
Authors: Maulén Juan José , Peypouquet Juan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze a speed restarting scheme for the inertial dynamics with Hessian-driven damping, introduced by Attouch et al. (J Differ Equ 261(10):5734–5783, 2016). We establish a linear convergence rate for the function values along the restarted trajectories. Numerical experiments suggest that the Hessian-driven damping and the restarting scheme together improve the performance of the dynamics and corresponding iterative algorithms in practice.