bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Room-temperature unconventional topological Hall effect in a van der Waals ferromagnet Fe3GaTe2
Authors: Algaidi Hanin , Zhang Chenhui , Liu Chen , Ma Yinchang , Zheng Dongxing , Li Peng , Zhang Xixiang 
Published: January 2025

The prominent properties of van der Waals (vdW) magnets make them a promising platform for prospective spintronic applications. Fe3GaTe2 is a newly discovered vdW material that exhibits room-temperature ferromagnetism and topological spin textures. In this paper, we report the observation of an unconventional topological Hall effect (THE) up to room temperature in Fe3GaTe2. When the current flows along the ab plane, a conventional anomalous Hall effect is observed under an out-of-plane magnetic field, which can be depicted by the intrinsic Karplus–Luttinger mechanism. Intriguingly, by rotating the magnetic field to align with the current direction, unexpected Hall resistivity cusps emerge. This Hall resistivity anomaly can be explained by the in-plane THE, which may originate from the noncoplanar spin structures in Fe3GaTe2. These spin structures have a nonzero scalar spin chirality and act as a fictitious magnetic field that produces a real-space Berry curvature. By extracting the topological Hall resistivity at different temperatures, a THE phase diagram is successfully constructed, showing a maximum value of 1.48 μΩ cm at 250 K. The room-temperature THE reveals the great potential of Fe3GaTe2 for spintronic applications.
Study on the influence of the parameters of the roller swaging process on the no-load starting torque of self-lubricating spherical plain bearings
Authors: Wang Qiang , Gu Ruijie , Chen Bo , Li Fenfang , Lyu Xuan 
Published: January 2025

The no-load starting torque of the self-lubricating spherical plain bearings (SSPBs) is directly related to the safety and service life of the aircraft. Therefore, the no-load starting torque can be reasonably controlled, which is one of the key technologies for the application of the SSPBs. The roller swaging process was described in this paper, and a 3D elastic-plastic simulation model of the process was established. The influence of the process parameters such as the swaging load, the rotational speed of the swaging tool, and the feeding speed on the no-load starting torque were quantitatively investigated. Finally, the roller swaging experimentation and the no-load starting torque experimentation were conducted, and the simulation results were compared with the experimental results. The study shows that the experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation results. The swaging load has a significant impact on the no-load starting torque, while the feeding speed has a relatively small impact on it. According to the bearing type of MS14101-9, to make its no-load starting torque meet the requirements of the aviation standards, the swaging load should be controlled to not more than 5000N, the rotational speed of the swaging tool should not be more than 250 rpm, and the feeding speed should be in the range of 0.1–0.2 mm/s. This research provides a theoretical reference for the reasonable control of the no-load starting torque of the bearing during the roller swaging process, which has important engineering and technical value.
Transparent communication in public transit
Authors: Falcone Mariasophia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The growing need for sustainable lifestyle practices, both individual and collective, has sparked ongoing debates
on environmental and social sustainability. Public transit plays a key role in these discussions, for its capability to meet both
(Mattioli 2016; Miller et al. 2016).
Recently, public bodies have successfully used participatory web tools, such as social media and websites, to promote services and
engage users. This approach has fostered increased trust and improved perceptions of transparency by making information more
accessible (Criado et al. 2013; Song and Lee
2016). Dialogic features in texts, pointing to interaction between writer and audience (Bondi 2022), can create the impression of transparent communication, thereby showcasing willingness to
build an open dialogue. Therefore, this study analyzes dialogic features on the Metropolitan
Transportation Authority’s (MTA) website and Instagram, revealing how both platforms distinctively resort to
dialogicity to enhance communicative transparency and align with the audience’s expectations.
Metaphorical patterns in news discourse on COP27
Authors: Iori Ilaria 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study investigates metaphorical patterns in news discourses on COP27 in the New York Times
and China Daily and aims to explore how metaphors are used to negotiate responsibility and commitments to climate
change. News discourse plays a crucial role in shaping real-world events and reporting on the Conferences of the Parties (COP) on
climate change is therefore crucial for fostering transparency in international climate politics (Gupta 2010). The results show how metaphors are used as argumentative devices, allowing for indirect
comparisons that can be extended, reversed, and twisted (A’Beckett 2012).
Responsibilities are metaphorically attributed in COP27 reports and reveal how the newspapers dialogically modify metaphorical
frames (e.g., fight), with different countries playing various roles in the frame (e.g., victims or culprits).
Eisenhart lift for scalar fields in the FLRW universe
Authors: Chiba Takeshi , Houri Tsuyoshi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Eisenhart lift of Riemannian type describes the motion of a particle as a geodesic in a higher-dimensional Riemannian manifold with one additional coordinate. It has recently been generalized to a scalar field system by introducing one additional vector field. We apply this approach to a scalar field system in the Friedmann–Lemaitre–Robertson–Walker universe and classify the symmetries of the system. In particular, for a scalar field potential consisting of the square of a combination of exponential functions with specific index

e

±

6

4

ϕ

, we find nontrivial (conformal) Killing vector fields and Killing tensor fields. Moreover, for a potential written as an exponentiation of a combination of exponential potentials with general index, we find nontrivial conformal Killing vector fields. By introducing the coordinate along the conformal Killing vector field, we can solve the equations of motion completely. We also classify the symmetries of multiple scalar field system.
A rotable tunable ultra-wideband microwave absorber and simple coding application of gradient structure
Authors: Qiao Shi , Luo Jie , Fang Xiang , Wu Zhuang , Zeng Yanan , Yang Yuntao , Xue Qian , Xiong Jiayi , Fei Hongbin , Zou Yanhong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Tunable Microwave Absorbers Can Improve The performance and flexibility of the system. Inspired by the rotation of the fan, we have designed a gradient-structured rotating tunable microwave absorber (GRTMA), which consists of two gradient distribution units on top and bottom. GRTMA has the advantages of good low-frequency performance and ultra-broadband absorption and can switch between double absorption peaks and single absorption peaks by rotating the upper unit. Experimental results have shown that GRTMA can achieve 90% absorption within the 2.56–18 Ghz range, with a bandwidth of 15.44 Ghz. The absorption peak position can be switched by rotation. The simulation results show that different materials can be filled in the upper and lower layers, and the phase difference can be modulated by rotation. This is the basis for coding metamaterials and can be used to enhance the radar cross-section reduction performance of microwave absorbers. Traditional coding metamaterials require pre-designed unit structures with phase differences, and then simulated arrangement to achieve coding effects. Once the arrangement is determined, it cannot be directly changed. Our GRTMA can achieve coding solely through rotation, which greatly improves the flexibility of encoding metamaterials. The feasibility of our gradient-structured rotation encoding was also demonstrated through simple coding experiments in the C-band. Therefore, The GRTMA has extremely high application value in the field of microwave absorption, providing a new direction for the design of tunable microwave absorbers and coding metamaterials.
tinyHLS: a novel open source high level synthesis tool targeting hardware accelerators for artificial neural network inference
Authors: Hoyer Ingo , Utz Alexander , Hoog Antink Christoph , Seidl Karsten 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Objective. In recent years, wearable devices such as smartwatches and smart patches have revolutionized biosignal acquisition and analysis, particularly for monitoring electrocardiography (ECG). However, the limited power supply of these devices often precludes real-time data analysis on the patch itself. Approach. This paper introduces a novel Python package, tinyHLS (High Level Synthesis), designed&#xD;to address these challenges by converting Python-based AI models into platform-independent hardware description language (HDL) code accelerators. Specifically designed for convolutional neural networks (CNNs), tinyHLS seamlessly integrates into the AI developer’s workflow in Python TensorFlow Keras. Our methodology leverages a template-based hardware compiler that ensures flexibility, efficiency, and ease of use. In this work, tinyHLS is first-published featuring templates for several layers of neural networks, such as dense, convolution, max and global average pooling. In the first version, rectified linear unit (ReLU) is supported as activation. It targets one-dimensional data, with a particular focus on time series data. Main results. The generated accelerators are validated in detecting atrial fibrillation (AF) on electrocardiogram (ECG) data, demonstrating significant improvements in processing speed (62-fold) and energy efficiency (4.5-fold). Quality of code and synthesizability are ensured by validating the outputs with commercial ASIC design tools. Significance. Importantly, tinyHLS is open-source and does not rely on commercial tools, making it a versatile solution for both academic and commercial applications. The paper also discusses the integration with an open-source RISCV and potential for future enhancements of tinyHLS, including its application in edge servers and cloud computing. The source code is available on GitHub: https://github.com/Fraunhofer-IMS/tinyHLS
Ventilation-perfusion matching in early-stage of prone position ventilation: a prospective cohort study between COVID-19 ARDS and ARDS from other etiologies
Authors: Yang Yingying , Li Hantian , Chi Yi , Frerichs Inéz , Zhao Zhanqi , Li Yuan , Zhang Chunyang , Chu Huiwen , He Huaiwu , Long Yun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Objective:&#xD;Prone positioning is a therapeutic strategy for severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). In COVID-19-associated ARDS (CARDS), the application of prone position has shown varying responses, influenced by factors such as lung recruitability and SARS-CoV-2-induced pulmonary endothelial dysfunction. This study aimed to compare the early impact of pronation on lung ventilation-perfusion matching (VQmatch) in CARDS and non-COVID-19 ARDS patients (non-CARDS).&#xD;&#xD;Approach:&#xD;This was a two-center, prospective study comparing between CARDS and non-CARDS. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) was used to compare the VQmatch between supine and early-stage prone positions (~2h). The study identified the areas of Deadspace, shunt, and VQmatch. Within the defined VQmatch region, the global inhomogeneity index (VQmatch-GI) was computed to evaluate the degree of heterogeneity. Paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Chi-square test were used in statistical analysis.&#xD;&#xD;Main results:&#xD;15 CARDS patients and 14 non-CARDS patients undergoing mechanical ventilation were included. In comparison to the non-CARDS group, the CARDS group exhibited a higher prevalence of diffuse lung disease (15 [100%] vs. 4 [28.6%], CARDS vs. Non-CARDS, p＜0.001), along with elevated SOFA score, PCO2, PEEP, and Ppeak. Among non-CARDS patients, 11/14 demonstrated improved oxygenation, whereas only 5/15 CARDS patients exhibited oxygenation improvement in prone ventilation. In 13/29 patients with oxygenation improvement (defined as above 20% increase in SpO2/FiO2), there was a significant decreased deadspace (21.3 [11.5, 33.1] vs. 9.7 [7.3, 16.9], p=0.039), and VQmatch showed an upward trend. When comparing prone ventilation to supine ventilation, non-CARDS patients showed a significant improvement in overall VQmatch (Supine 65.7 [49.7, 68.5] vs. Prone 67.4 [60.8, 72.6], p=0.019). CARDS patients had a notable decrease in ventral VQmatch (VQmatch_Ventral: Supine 35.0 [26.9, 42.0] vs. Prone 22.7 [12.4, 32.9], p=0.003), and an improvement in dorsal VQmatch (VQmatch_Dorsal: Supine 33.4 [20.4, 39.4] vs. Prone 46.4 [37.4, 48.4], p=0.031), leading to no significant improvement in overall VQmatch. Ten CARDS patients with no improvement in VQmatch had increased shunting and VQmatch-GI.&#xD;&#xD;Significance:&#xD;In non-CARDS patients, the improvement in oxygenation and VQmatch following prone positioning exhibits a consistent pattern. Conversely, in CARDS patients, the impact of prone positioning reveals considerable individual variability. This study indicates that the response to short-time prone ventilation can vary in ARDS patients with different etiologies.&#xD;&#xD;Trial registration: NCT05816928, 04/17/2023, retrospectively registered.
Decomposition product formation mechanism of C5F10O-CO2 mixture in corona discharge by a chemical kinetic model
Authors: Gao Qingqing , Wang Xiaohua , Guan Huai , Yang Aijun , Niu Chunping 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
C5F10O-CO2 mixture has great potential to replace SF6 in gas-insulated equipment. However, C5F10O-CO2 mixture can decompose to a series of products in corona discharge, weakening the insulation performance of the gas-insulated equipment. The formation mechanism of the decomposition products can help identify the potential insulation defects. This paper establishes a chemical kinetic model to obtain the variation regulation of decomposition products in AC point-plane corona discharge for C5F10O-CO2 mixture with C5F10O content of 5%, 10% and 15%. The model is composed of a plasma region and a gas region, and the two regions interact via a diffusion process. The model contains 78 species and the related reactions. Multi-step time is applied to simultaneously calculate the rapid chemical reaction kinetics in the plasma region and the slow chemical reactions in the gas region. The effects of O2 on the decomposition products are also investigated by the addition of 10%O2 in 10%C5F10O–90%CO2 mixture. The main reaction pathways in the plasma and gas regions are captured by calculating the contributions of the related reactions to the generation of decomposition products. By analyzing the formation mechanism of the decomposition products, the main physicochemical processes in corona discharge can be obtained.
Optimal design of unimorph and segmented piezoelectric cantilevers for energy harvesting
Authors: Leonardi Giorgia , Dessi Daniele , Venturi Andrea , Ruta Giuseppe 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Segmented piezoelectric layers, instead of a single layer covering the entire length of the supporting cantilevers, may optimise the design of PZT harvesters from various perspectives. Indeed, a suitable selection of the length and position of the piezoelectric patch may increase their effectiveness, save piezoelectric material, and reduce costs from the life-cycle perspective of device disposal. A linear reduced-order model (ROM) for unimorph and stepped piezoelectric energy harvesters with a proof mass is developed to evaluate the power output under transversal ground excitation. The electromechanical PDEs derived by Hamilton’s principle are transformed into a system of uncoupled ODEs using the exact bending modes of an equivalent piecewise uniform, multilayered Bernoulli–Euler beam. The model is validated comparing its analytical voltage-to-acceleration transfer function with that experimentally identified for various resistive loads and tip masses under harmonic excitation. Such a validated ROM allows for fast and accurate computation of the sensitivity of frequency transfer functions with respect to patch length and position, highlighting the optimal combinations of parameters to maximize voltage, electrical power, or piezoelectric material efficiency.
Quantum metrology using quantum combs and tensor network formalism
Authors: Kurdzialek Stanislaw , Dulian Piotr , Majsak Joanna , Chakraborty Sagnik , Demkowicz-Dobrzanski Rafal 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We develop an efficient algorithm for determining optimal adaptive quantum estimation protocols with arbitrary quantum control operations between subsequent uses of a probed channel. We introduce a tensor network representation of an estimation strategy, which drastically reduces the time and memory consumption of the algorithm, and allows us to analyze metrological protocols involving up to N=50 qubit channel uses, whereas the state-of-the-art approaches are limited to N<5. The method is applied to study the performance of the optimal adaptive metrological protocols in presence of various noise types, including correlated noise.
Robustness of inflation to kinetic inhomogeneities
Authors: Elley Matthew , Aurrekoetxea Josu C. , Clough Katy , Flauger Raphael , Giannadakis Panagiotis , Lim Eugene A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We investigate the effects of large inhomogeneities in both the inflaton field and its momentum. We find that in general, large kinetic perturbations reduce the number of e-folds of inflation. In particular, we observe that inflationary models with sub-Planckian characteristic scales are not robust even to kinetic energy densities that are sub-dominant to the potential energy density, unless the initial field configuration is sufficiently far from the minimum. This strengthens the results of our previous work. In inflationary models with super-Planckian characteristic scales, despite a reduction in the number of e-folds, inflation is robust even when the potential energy density is initially sub-dominant. For the cases we study, the robustness of inflation strongly depends on whether the inflaton field is driven into the reheating phase by the inhomogeneous scalar dynamics.
Poly(curcumin-co-poly(ethylene glycol)) films provide neuroprotection following reactive oxygen species insult in vitro
Authors: Hamilton Adelle E , Waskiewicz Nikita , Quinones Geraldine B , Capadona Jeffrey R , Bentley Marvin , Palermo Edmund F , Gilbert Ryan J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective. Curcumin is an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecule that may provide neuroprotection following central nervous system injury. However, curcumin is hydrophobic, limiting its ability to be loaded and then released from biomaterials for neural applications. We previously developed polymers containing curcumin, and these polymers may be applied to neuronal devices or to neural injury to promote neuroprotection. Thus, our objective was to evaluate two curcumin polymers as potential neuroprotective materials for neural applications. Approach. For each curcumin polymer, we created three polymer solutions by varying the weight percentage of curcumin polymer in solvent. These solutions were subsequently coated onto glass coverslips, and the thickness of the polymer was assessed using profilometry. Polymer degradation and dissolution was assessed using brightfield microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and gel permeation chromatography. The ability of the polymers to protect cortical neurons from free radical insult was assessed using an in vitro cortical culture model. Main results. The P50 curcumin polymer (containing greater poly(ethylene glycol) content than the P75 polymer), eroded readily in solution, with erosion dependent on the weight percentage of polymer in solvent. Unlike the P50 polymer, the P75 polymer did not undergo erosion. Since the P50 polymer underwent erosion, we expected that the P50 polymer would more readily protect cortical neurons from free radical insult. Unexpectedly, even though P75 films did not erode, P75 polymers protected neurons from free radical insult, suggesting that erosion is not necessary for these polymers to enable neuroprotection. Significance. This study is significant as it provides a framework to evaluate polymers for future neural applications. Additionally, we observed that some curcumin polymers do not require dissolution to enable neuroprotection. Future work will assess the ability of these materials to enable neuroprotection within in vivo models of neural injury.
Elephant-inspired tapered cable-driven hyper-redundant manipulator: design and performance analysis
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Zhang Hua , Zhang Xinbin , Huo Jianwen , Tan Liguo , Liu Manlu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The cable-driven hyper-redundant manipulator (CDHM), distinguished by its high flexibility and adjustable stiffness, is extensively utilized in confined and obstacle-rich environments such as aerospace and nuclear facilities. This paper introduces a novel CDHM inspired by the trunk of elephants, which changes the arm structure from cylindrical to conical. This alteration diminishes the arm’s self-weight, reduces the moment arm of gravity, decreases the volume of the end joint, narrows the stroke of the driving cables, and boosts the maximum joint speed of the manipulator. Additionally, this study examines the impact of the manipulator’s taper on its overall performance from both dynamic and kinematic perspectives. Finally, three prototype manipulators with varying tapers are confirmed, and tests are conducted on each manipulator’s motion performance and cable tension. By comparing experimental data, the accuracy of the theoretical analysis and the rationality of the conical structure are confirmed. The results suggest that the proposed new configuration offers certain advantages in terms of cable stroke, joint speed and maximum driving force.
Coupling natural-social models can better quantify the interactions in achieving carbon neutrality in China
Authors: Wang Tianpeng , Lu Yixiong , Teng Fei , Zhang Xiliang , Zhang Xiaoye , Wei Min , Wu Tongwen , Wang Deying , Sun Jing , Zhong Junting 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Human activities have greatly altered Earth’s radiative balance, necessitating assessments that couple natural and social systems to address the resulting impacts and interactions. However, traditional Earth System Models (ESMs) and integrated assessment models often split to simulate changes in the two systems and neglect the feedback between these systems, limiting our understanding of the pathways to carbon neutrality, the associated global warming level and climate change impacts. This study constructs a coupled natural-social systems framework to bridge this gap, integrating the China-in-global energy model with the Beijing Climate Center ESM version 1. The results show that bidirectional feedbacks in the natural-social system increase the demand for electricity under China’s carbon neutrality target, increasing the pressure to reduce emissions and driving up the carbon prices. Meanwhile, carbon neutrality does not eliminate all negative climate impacts and can substantially reduce the economic output of climate-vulnerable sectors in China, highlighting the need for early adaptation measures. This study emphasizes the importance of planning China’s climate neutrality pathways from a coupled natural-social system perspective.