bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurophysiological markers of successful learning in healthy aging
Authors: Strzelczyk Dawid , Kelly Simon P. , Langer Nicolas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe capacity to learn and memorize is a key determinant for the quality of life but is known to decline to varying degrees with age. However, neural correlates of memory formation and the critical features that determine the extent to which aging affects learning are still not well understood. By employing a visual sequence learning task, we were able to track the behavioral and neurophysiological markers of gradual learning over several repetitions, which is not possible in traditional approaches that utilize a remember vs. forgotten comparison. On a neurophysiological level, we focused on two learning-related centro-parietal event-related potential (ERP) components: the expectancy-driven P300 and memory-related broader positivity (BP). Our results revealed that although both age groups showed significant learning progress, young individuals learned faster and remembered more stimuli than older participants. Successful learning was directly linked to a decrease of P300 and BP amplitudes. However, young participants showed larger P300 amplitudes with a sharper decrease during the learning, even after correcting for an observed age-related longer P300 latency and increased P300 peak variability. Additionally, the P300 amplitude predicted learning success in both age groups and showed good test–retest reliability. On the other hand, the memory formation processes, reflected by the BP amplitude, revealed a similar level of engagement in both age groups. However, this engagement did not translate into the same learning progress in the older participants. We suggest that the slower and more variable timing of the stimulus identification process reflected in the P300 means that despite the older participants engaging the memory formation process, there is less time for it to translate the categorical stimulus location information into a solidified memory trace. The results highlight the important role of the P300 and BP as a neurophysiological marker of learning and may enable the development of preventive measures for cognitive decline.
New Insight Into Crack-Healing Mechanism via Electropulsing Treatment
Authors: Cai Qing , Zhou Mian , Bagherpour Ebad , Hosseini Seyedmehdi , Mendis Chamini , Chang Isaac , Assadi Hamid 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA combination of experiment and numerical simulation was employed to study the healing mechanism of fatigue crack via a novel route of electropulsing treatment (EPT) named dual-step EPT processing. By applying cyclic loads, similar cracks were generated in 316L stainless steel samples. Then, cracked specimens were subjected to electropulsing treatment under different conditions in order to find the optimum EPT condition to effectively heal the crack. The geometry of the fatigue crack before and after EPT was investigated in 3D by Micro-CT. SEM-EBSD was used to evaluate the microstructure of the healed region. To understand the dominant mechanism of crack healing by EPT, the temperature and stress/strain fields were evaluated by the finite element method (FEM) considering non-uniform Joule heating. The results demonstrate that complete crack healing requires a balanced combination of melting and compressive stress as well as increased peak current density regarding the reduced crack length. The simulations also suggest that Joule heating alone is sufficient to induce the observed melting in the examined samples. The fatigue crack after EPT was found to be effectively healed, as indicated by the similar crack growth rate compared with the samples without electropulsing treatment. In addition, a refined microstructure can be achieved after EPT.
Potential for Mitigation of Cave Lampenflora Using Benzalkonium Chloride or UV-C
Authors: Kieft Thomas L. , Del Curto Devyn , Havlena Zoë , Hettiarachchi Eshani , Lakis Isabelle , Nourse Emma , Skaar Cassandra , Ulbrich Joseph , Veni George 
Published: May 2023

AbstractArtificial illumination in caves visited by tourists (“show caves”) gives rise to growth of photosynthetic biofilms, termed “lampenflora.” Besides being unsightly, these biofilms can damage speleothems, and thus finding a safe and effective means of controlling lampenflora is an important consideration in cave management. A variety of different physical and chemical means of biofilm mitigation have been proposed and tested. Here we tested benzalkonium chloride (BAC), a quaternary ammonium cationic detergent commonly used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, and germicidal UV light (UV-C) for lampenflora control. Algae and cyanobacteria derived from Carlsbad Cavern, USA, were cultivated in the lab and inoculated onto smooth calcium carbonate (CaCO3) tiles and incubated under fluorescent lighting to simulate lampenflora; these were then treated with BAC or UV-C in various concentrations and intensities, respectively. A 1–10% BAC solution prevented biofilm growth, and repeated treatments with a 1% solution bleached preformed photosynthetic pigments. Germicidal UV-C (≥ 3200 mJ cm−2) also bleached preformed biofilms. BAC may be especially useful for bleaching thick localized growths, since high concentrations are required and toxicity to non-toxic organisms could be an issue; whereas UV-C could more easily be applied to broader areas, e.g., the tens of square meter areas in the immediate vicinity of the lamps at Carlsbad Cavern and other show caves.
Assessing the effect of climate and land use changes on the hydrologic regimes in the upstream of Tajan river basin using SWAT model
Authors: Amiri Sedighe Nikkhoo , Khoshravesh Mojtaba , Valashedi Reza Norooz 
Published: May 2023

AbstractClimate change is the most important challenge in achieving sustainable development. Semi-arid and arid areas (such as Iran) are particularly susceptible to the effects of climate change on water supply. In this research, the effect of climate change and upstream land use is investigated on Tajan, a river in the north of Iran. The data regarding the climate were produced via second-generation Canadian Earth System Model (CanESM2) and adopted as the input to SWAT hydrologic model under RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 for the period of 2016–2066. The results showed that the peak streamflow will increase by 4% and 5.7% and the average annual discharges will decrease by 16% and 16.5% from 2016 to 2066 for RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively. Besides, the effect of different land use change scenarios on streamflow was investigated under four diverse scenarios selected to represent a comprehensive range of possible land use map of the basin. Land use change scenarios led to 8.5–15.8% increase in the average annual streamflow, highlighting the fact that it is less effective than climate change on streamflow. It could be concluded that downstream water users in the basin should adopt strategies to cope with water-stressed condition under the changing climate.
A Study of Dimensionality Reduction in GLCM Feature-Based Classification of Machined Surface Images
Authors: Prasad Ganesha , Gaddale Vijay Srinivas , Kamath Raghavendra Cholpadi , Shekaranaik Vishwanatha Jampenahalli , Pai Srinivasa Padubidri 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe surfaces produced by the machining process are sensitive to the type of machining process and the conditions under which it is performed. Thus, surface texture identification is crucial in quality assurance, as it acts as a feedback to the machining process. Machined surface identification using image processing and machine learning (ML)-based techniques is gaining much importance due to industrial automation. This investigation addresses the development of ML models using gray-level co-occurrence matrices (GLCM) features to classify the machined (turned, ground and shaped) surfaces. The influence of distance-based dimensionality reduction techniques (DRT) viz., Fisher's criterion, Separation index and Bhattacharya distance on the performance of the ML-based image classifiers is explored. The GLCM features extracted from the machined surface images are used as inputs to ML classifiers. A threshold criterion function (TCF) is used to select the sensitive features in the DRT. Among all the classifiers, the (Random Forest) RAF model could produce a better classification accuracy as high as 95.3%. Also, analysis results show that the proposed dimensionality reduction methodology with TCF effectively identifies the most sensitive features. A maximum dimensionality reduction of 62% is achieved. The proposed methodology showed a 7.2% improvement in classification accuracy over the techniques reported in the previous study. Thus, developed ML models successfully classify the machined surface images with a minimum time and computational burden on the computer.
The medicinal chemistry of Urtica dioica L.: from preliminary evidence to clinical studies supporting its neuroprotective activity
Authors: Semwal Prabhakar , Rauf Abdur , Olatunde Ahmed , Singh Pooja , Zaky Mohamed Y. , Islam Md. Mozahidul , Khalil Anees Ahmed , Aljohani Abdullah S. M. , Al Abdulmonem Waleed , Ribaudo Giovanni 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUrtica dioica is a perennial herb from the family of Urticaceae that is commonly known as stinging nettle. This plant is widespread in Europe, Africa, America, and a part of Asia, as it adapts to different environments and climatic conditions. The leaves, stalk, and bark of U. dioica found applications in the field of nutrition, cosmetics, textile, pest control and pharmacology. In this connection, bioactive chemical constituents such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, amino acids, carotenoids, and fatty acids have been isolated from the plant. With this review, we aim at providing an updated and comprehensive overview of the contributions in literature reporting computational, in vitro, pre-clinical and clinical data supporting the therapeutic applications of U. dioica. Experimental evidence shows that U. dioica constituents and extracts can provide neuroprotective effects by acting through a combination of different molecular mechanisms, that are discussed in the review. These findings could lay the basis for the identification and design of more effective tools against neurodegenerative diseases.
Graphical Abstract
Causes of deaths in long-term care and hospice care facilities during the first year of COVID-19 pandemic: a snapshot of Italy during 2020
Authors: Zazzara Maria Beatrice , Colloca Giuseppe Ferdinando , Maraschini Alice , Bellieni Andrea , Dispenza Sabrina , Meloni Eleonora , Ricciotti Maria Adelaide , Penco Italo , Minelli Giada , Onder Graziano 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Older adults living in long-term care facilities (LTCF) have been severely affected by COVID-19. Hospice care (HC) facilities and palliative care are essential in treating patients dying from COVID-19. In Italy, little is known about the impact of COVID-19 on deaths in LTCF and the care provided in HC to COVID-19 patients.

Aim
To assess overall and case-specific mortality in 2020 in LTC and HC facilities in comparison to the previous five years (2015–2019).

Methods
We performed a descriptive study using data derived from the Italian national “Cause of Death” registry—managed by the Italian National Institute of Statistics—on deaths occurred in LTC and HC facilities during 2020 and the period 2015–2019.

Results
Number of deaths significantly increased in 2020 compared with 2015–2019 in LTCF (83,062 deaths vs. 59,200) and slightly decreased in hospices (38,788 vs. 39,652). COVID-19 caused 12.5% of deaths in LTCF and only 2% in hospices. Other than COVID-19, in 2020, cancer accounted for 77% of all deaths that occurred in HC, while cardiovascular diseases (35.6%) and psychotic and behavioral disorders (10%) were the most common causes of death in LTCF. Overall, 22% of the excess mortality registered in Italy during 2020 is represented by the deaths that occurred in LTCF.

Discussion and conclusion
LTCF were disproportionally affected by COVID-19, while the response to the pandemic in HC was limited. These data can help plan strategies to limit the impact of future epidemics and to better understand residential care response to COVID-19 epidemic.
THE CHRONOLOGY OF WESTERN ZHOU
Authors: Zhang Pengcheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBy systematically analyzing the relative relationship between complete bronze inscription dates, this study deduces the lunar phases described by the specialized terms jishengba 既生霸, jiwang 既望, and jisiba 既死霸, finding that the term chuji 初吉 is unrelated to the lunar phase. The study then reconstructs a complete chronology of Western Zhou that is highly consistent with archaeological and textual evidence. The results support the traditional notion that the Zhou calendar year began in the month containing the winter solstice, and show that the Western Zhou calendar month began with the first invisibility of the waning lunar crescent while the calendar day began at sunrise. The overall evidence indicates that King Wu 武王 led an initial campaign against the Shang in 1046 b.c.e. and defeated Zhòu 紂 in 1044 b.c.e., lending credence to the narrative of the military display at Mengjin (觀兵孟津). The derived chronology reveals a previously unknown seven-year gap between King You's 幽王 final year and King Ping's 平王 first year, thus explaining the discrepancies between Shi ji 史記 and the archaeological evidence. This study demonstrates that the Modern Text (jinben 今本) Bamboo Annals 竹書紀年 is unsuitable for use in chronological studies, and suggests that the dates of Western Zhou were already obscure in Eastern Zhou. These results provide testable hypotheses and raise new questions that can guide further research into Western Zhou archaeology, history, society, and culture.
Robust train localisation method based on advanced map matching measurement-augmented tightly-coupled GNSS/INS with error-state UKF
Authors: Liu Dan , Jiang Wei , Cai Baigen , Heirich Oliver , Wang Jian , Shangguan Wei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a robust train localisation system by fusing a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) with an Inertial Navigation System (INS) in a tightly-coupled (TC) strategy. To improve navigation performance in GNSS partly blocked areas, an advanced map-matching (MM) measurement-augmented TC GNSS/INS method is proposed via an error-state unscented Kalman filter (UKF). The advanced MM generates a matched position using a one-step predicted position from a UKF time update step with binary search algorithm and a point–line projection algorithm. The matched position inputs as an additional measurement to fuse with the INS position to augment the degraded GNSS pseudorange measurement to optimise the state estimation in the UKF measurement update step. Both the real train test on the Qinghai–Tibet railway and the simulation were carried out and the results confirm that the proposed advanced MM measurement-augmented TC GNSS/INS with error-state UKF provides the best horizontal positioning accuracy of 0 ⋅ 67 m, which performs an improvement of about 71% and 90% with respect to TC GNSS/INS with only error-state UKF and only error-state Extended Kalman filter in GNSS partly blocked areas.
Left ventricle mass index in paediatric intensive care unit acquired hypertension
Authors: Mekki Mostafa , Algebaly HebatAllah Fadel , Sabry Hend Aly , Samir Mohamed , Rady Hanaa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground:Hypertension acquired in paediatric critical patients is a recognised challenge, with variable reported frequency. Pain, agitation, and/or medications such as beta stimulants and corticosteroids are well-known risk factors. Sympathomimetics in septic patients can cause high blood pressure, especially with unobserved haemodynamic monitors. Beyond haemodynamic factors, several endocrinal-metabolic factors – including catecholamines, insulin, renin, angiotensin, the aldosterone system, and sodium consumption – may contribute to the left ventricular growth. It is well known that the sympathetic tone has a trophic effect on the heart muscle.Method:A prospective cohort study was conducted during the year 2021. The children were divided into two groups: those who were critically ill with paediatric intensive care unit-acquired hypertension (n = 59) and those without paediatric intensive care unit-acquired hypertension (n = 62). We used the American Academy of Pediatrics’ 2017 definition of hypertension to diagnose paediatric intensive care unit-acquired hypertension. Measurement of cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance was performed by cardiometry. Left ventricular myocardial performance and left ventricular mass index were measured by bedside echocardiography at the onset of hypertension diagnosis.Results:Critically ill children with acquired hypertension had a higher cardiac index (p = 0.0001), systemic vascular resistance index (<0.0001), myocardial performance (0.037), and left ventricular mass index (0.009). The longer duration of stay observed in the hypertension group had no observable effect on mortality (<0.0001).Conclusion:Both myocardial performance and left ventricle mass index increased in critically ill children with paediatric intensive care unit-acquired hypertension.
Identifying types of problems and relative priorities in the problem lists of participants in CBT for psychosis trials
Authors: Morrison Anthony P. , Gonçalves Cláudia C. , Peel Heather , Larkin Amanda , Bowe Samantha E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground:There is wide variation in the problems prioritised by people with psychosis in cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis (CBTp). While research trials and mental health services have often prioritised reduction in psychiatric symptoms, service users may prioritise issues not directly related to psychosis. This discrepancy suggests potential challenges in treatment outcome research.Aims:The present study aimed to examine the types of problems that were recorded on problem lists generated in CBTp trials.Method:Problem and goals lists for 110 participants were extracted from CBTp therapy notes. Subsequently, problems were coded into 23 distinct categories by pooling together items that appeared thematically related.Results:More than half of participants (59.62%) listed a non-psychosis-related priority problem, and 22.12% did not list any psychosis related problems. Chi-square tests indicated there was no difference between participants from early intervention (EI) and other services in terms of priority problem (χ2 = 0.06, p = .804), but that those from EI were more likely to include any psychosis-related problems in their lists (χ2 = 6.66, p = .010).Conclusions:The findings of this study suggest that psychiatric symptom reduction is not the primary goal of CBTp for most service users, particularly those who are not under the care of EI services. The implications for future research and clinical practice are discussed.
More Than One “Double Life”: Artistic Conceptions, Networks, and Negotiations in Benny Goodman's Commissions to Paul Hindemith and Darius Milhaud
Authors: Reisinger Elisabeth 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBeginning around the mid-1930s, clarinetist and bandleader Benny Goodman engaged with classical music, adding standard solo pieces to his regular performance and record portfolio. He also stimulated the emergence of a modern clarinet repertoire by granting commissions to composers, such as Béla Bartók, Paul Hindemith, Darius Milhaud, and others. In this article, I explore why and how these projects evolved and how the collaborations unfolded. My focus is on the commissions to Hindemith (1941/47) and Milhaud (1941). The newly found correspondence of Eric Simon, a Viennese-born clarinetist who advised Goodman and initiated contact with Hindemith and Milhaud, reveal Goodman's “double life” as a multilayered sphere for various actors, each with their own specific background and agenda. My analysis follows three topics that decisively shaped the investigated projects: Goodman's relationship with classical music, which I discuss in light of the intersectionally biased structures of U.S. musical life; the situation of European émigré artists experienced by Hindemith, Milhaud, and Simon; and the promotion of new music, which linked the lives, networks, and agendas of the aforementioned protagonists and even defined their relationships. By highlighting Goodman taking center stage as a performer-commissioner, I argue for more serious attention to performers’ impact on musical production and repertoire formation, given that they represent the ultimate gatekeepers to the living repertoire.
Fire History in the Qinling Mountains of East‐Central China Since the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Zhang Yao , Cui Qiaoyu , Blockley Simon , Zhou Aifeng , Chen Lin , Boyall Laura , Colombaroli Daniele 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe study of fire history and driving mechanisms at long time scales can provide a theoretical background for future fire management in forested regions. The alpine lake sediments from Daye Lake in the Qinling Mountains, east‐central China, were used to explore the influence of climate, vegetation and human activity on fires since the LGM, based on charcoals and black carbon. During the last glacial period, fire activity was mostly controlled by regional aridity under a weak East Asian summer monsoon, while human‐induced fires were commonly dominated in the late Holocene. Fire activity was found to be linked to biomass through temperature variability. The biofuel dominated by conifers induced high intensity fires in the last glacial, and herbs contributed more to the high fire frequency over the mid‐late Holocene. With predicted future rising temperatures, increased vegetation cover and extreme climate events may increase the fire risk in the region.
Clinicians’ view on the management of oral health in Parkinson’s disease patients: a qualitative study
Authors: Verhoeff Merel C. , Thymi Magdalini , Brandwijk Arnoud N. , Heres Mark S. , Koutris Michail , Berendse Henk W. , van Dijk Karin D. , Lobbezoo Frank 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
due to numerous motor and non-motor symptoms, dental treatment in patients with Parkinson’s Disease (PD) can be challenging. Knowledge regarding optimal management of oral health in PD patients is lacking.

Aim
to gain a deeper understanding of the experiences of dentists regarding oral health care for PD patients in the Netherlands.

Material and method
semi-structured interviews were conducted with (specialized) dentists working with PD patients. A thematic analysis was performed using a framework-based approach.

Results
ten dentists were interviewed. They reported that dental care in PD patients requires 1) adaptation of timing and length of treatments and consultations, and 2) intensifying preventive measures. Dentists experienced the organization as bureaucratic and difficult. Moreover, differences between being institutionalized or living at home were present. Education and research are needed to improve PD patients’ oral health. The experience level and affinity for treating PD patients positively influences confidence levels of the practitioner. Finally, points of improvement were suggested.

Conclusion
managing oral health in PD patients is challenging, and interdisciplinary collaboration is needed to overcome difficulties. Reducing the bureaucratic burden and improving knowledge could help and stimulate oral health care providers to treat PD patients more effectively and, consequently, improve their oral health.