bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Lakshya” A Novel Virtual Laboratory based on Django framework to conduct experiments in the area of Machine Learning, Signal processing and Communication
Authors: Shivaprasad  , S Dinesha A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Practical laboratories are essential for advancing students' professional aspirations because they allow them to learn by doing. The paper proposes creating a virtual lab(V-lab) to improve students' learning and observational skills and prepare them for the workplace. Excellent instructions on how to carry out experiments with legitimate client inputs are provided by V-lab. Students can perform experiments in the fields of machine learning, signal processing, and digital communication by visiting to the website https://lakshya.vcetputtur.ac.in. The intelligent webserver designed had been used frequently by third year Electronics and Communication students of VCET, Puttur to conduct Digital Signal Processing Laboratory and Advanced Communication Laboratory experiments. Final year undergraduate students pursuing projects in the area of ML found this website helpful, as it provided information about Classification report, Confusion matrix and Accuracy in one step. A Comparative study of various ML algorithms (Available in VLab) applied on Iris flower and Lung cancer dataset is provided in results and discussion section to justify the use of V-Lab in ML area. Results shows RBF based SVM classifier produced best accuracy when applied on iris flower dataset. Logistic regression classifier produced superior results compared to other ML algorithms when applied on lung cancer symptoms dataset. The website does not require sign-up credentials, free to use.
Mapping nanoscale carrier confinement in polycrystalline graphene by terahertz spectroscopy
Authors: Bøggild Peter , Whelan Patrick , De Fazio Domenico , Pasternak Iwona , Thomsen Joachim , Zelzer Steffen , Mikkelsen Martin , Booth Timothy , Diekhöner Lars , Sassi Ugo , Johnstone Duncan , Midgley Paul , Strupinski Wlodek , Jepsen Peter Uhd , Ferrari Andrea 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) can be used to map spatial variations in electrical properties such as sheet conductivity, carrier density, and carrier mobility in graphene. Here, we consider wafer-scale graphene grown on germanium by chemical vapor deposition with non-uniformities and small domains due to reconstructions of the substrate during growth. The THz conductivity spectrum matches the predictions of the phenomenological Drude-Smith model for conductors with non-isotropic scattering caused by backscattering from boundaries and line defects. We compare the charge carrier mean free path determined by THz-TDS with the average defect distance assessed by Raman spectroscopy, and the grain boundary dimensions as determined by transmission electron microscopy. The results indicate that even small angle orientation variations below 5° within graphene grains influence the scattering behavior consistent with significant backscattering contributions from grain boundaries.
Maltreatment of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico: associations with social capital and loneliness
Authors: Giraldo-Rodríguez Liliana , Manrique-Espinoza Betty , Rivera-Almaraz Ana , Salinas-Rodríguez Aarón 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose. Social distancing measures to contain the transmission of COVID-19 had some unwanted effects, such as loneliness, particularly in older adults. Furthermore, it is known that loneliness is a risk factor for elder abuse, while social capital could be a protective factor. This study examined the association between social capital, loneliness, and maltreatment of older Mexican adults during the COVID-19 lockdown. Methods. We used data from the wave 4 of the Study on Global Aging and the Health of Adults in Mexico (SAGE-Mexico). The maltreatment was evaluated with the Geriatric Mistreatment Scale. Social capital was measured at individual level, and two dimensions (structural and cognitive) were examined. Loneliness was assessed by 3-item UCLA Loneliness Scale. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between abuse, social capital, and loneliness. Results. The prevalence of maltreatment of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico was 9.8%. Social capital, structural-cognitive (OR=0.60; 95% CI: 0.37-0.94), or only cognitive (OR=0.46: 95% CI: 0.29-0.72), was associated with a lower probability of suffering abuse, while loneliness was associated with a higher likelihood (OR=2.36, CI95%: 1.59-3.49). Conclusions. Social capital can be a protective factor against older adult abuse when social distancing measures derive from a public health policy. Health professionals, social assistance services, and those who draw up public policy must consider that loneliness is a factor associated with the maltreatment of older persons and that restrictive measures must be accompanied by initiatives that promote the availability and accessibility of community help and other forms of social interaction.
Risk Factors of Non-motor Symptoms in Different Stages of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Jiang Jinlan , Jin Wei , Lv ZhaoShun , Xu Zi tong , Liang Feng ling , Li Lihong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and non-motor symptoms can affect the treatment nature of PD.
Aims: To investigate the clinical features and NMSs at different Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) stages among patients with PD, and the risk factors of common NMSs.
Methods: We collected the clinical characteristics of 193 PD patients and used binary logistic regression analysis to evaluate the risk factors of NMSs among three groups based on H&Y stage.
Results: The results showed that 87.05% of PD patients had more than one NMS. Clinical features varied across three groups including disease duration, right upper limb onset, motor subtypes, antiparkinson drugs administration and Levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD). Autonomic disorders were the most common NMSs in which the prevalence of constipation was the highest. For risk factors of NMSs, antiparkinson drugs were dominant. Longer disease duration was a risk factor for pain and urinary dysfunction at early stage, respectively. Gender and LEDD by disease duration might be associated with depression and orthostatic hypotension at intermediate stage, respectively.
Conclusions: Pain and constipation were the most common NMSs in PD patients. Chinese PD patients often turn to Chinese Medicine, especially acupuncture, to treat NMSs such as pain. Our study will help clinicians to accurately judge the possibility of PD patients developing certain NMSs and their risk factors at different H&Y stage, and to guide medication regimen to a certain extent, so as to better manage patients.
Technical system for mud loss analysis and diagnosis in drilling engineering to prevent reservoir damage
Authors: Zhang Heng , Wang Mingwei , Gao Yong , Nie Wancai , Wang Xiaofei , Li Song 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Mud loss, the most serious formation damage in oil and gas well drilling engineering, is also an unresolved technical issue. To prevent mud loss, it is necessary to accurately understand and identify three key factors of mud loss, including the location of the loss, the time of occurrence, and the severity of the loss. The diagnosis of mud loss is a prerequisite for the proper formulation of mud loss control techniques. It emphasizes the integration of pre-drilling, drilling and post-analysis information to describe, characterize and predict potential loss zones. A mathematical model for loss probability evaluation was developed based on the theory of engineering fuzzy mathematics. It combines logging anomaly features and engineering data to predict the location of losses from drilling mud, and develops a loss formation identification method. Hydraulic fracture deformation is predicted by stress-sensitive experiments and numerical simulations, and the severity of the loss channels is quantitatively evaluated. Loss pressure models have been developed based on mud loss mechanisms, and loss pressures for hydraulic fracture creation, connection and extension have been applied to identify loss mechanisms and types. Mud losses can be identified by unusual engineering characteristics, including sudden changes in drilling times, cuttings, and mud logging. Real-time logging parameters can be used to monitor the loss process and predict loss trends. A framework for loss diagnosis techniques has been developed, which can help in successful mud loss control.
Dam failure risk analysis of earthen and rockfill dam systems: an approach based on a combination of an Interpreted Structural Model and a Bayesian Network with parameter learning
Authors: Li Yanlong , Zhang Yuchun , Wang Ting , Yin Qiaogang , Shi Ning , Xu Zengguang , Liu Yunhe 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The risk factors of earthen and rockfill dams during operation are characterized by uncertainty, complexity, interaction, etc. The coupling of risk factors can be more accurately identified in the process of dam risk analysis. To effectively analyze the interactions between the influencing factors within the system, this paper proposes a method for analyzing the risk of earthen and rockfill dam failure based on a combination of the Interpretive Structural Model (ISM) and Bayesian network (BN) model with the parameter learning. Meanwhile, the parameter learning of the BN model using the EM algorithm reduces the subjectivity of expert evaluation. In this paper, we analyzed the interrelationships among accidents by using the ISM method through statistics and analysis of actual accident cases. We established a hierarchical structure diagram including a five-level structure to derive the direct, indirect, and fundamental factors that lead to accidents. The EM algorithm was introduced to learn Bayesian network parameters, and the probability of occurrence of each influencing factor of earthen and rockfill dam failure was obtained through BN inference, diagnosis, and sensitivity analysis. The three most important influencing factors leading to earthen and rockfill dam failure were identified as flood overtopping, insufficient spillway discharge capacity, and damage to the spillway structure. A multi-factor coupling analysis was also conducted on the earthen and rockfill dams, and the results showed that the risk of dam failure was greatly increased as a result of the coupling between the influencing factors. In addition, we also found that management issues play an important role in earthen and rockfill dam failures and are key influencing factors that cannot be ignored. This method can be effectively applied to identify and analyze the influencing factors of earthen and rockfill dam failure in China.
Deep Learning Pneumoconiosis Staging and Diagnosis System Based on Multi-stage Joint Approach
Authors: Liu Chang , Fang Yeqi , Xie YuHuan , Li Xin , Zheng Hao , Wu Dongsheng , Zhang Tao 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: Pneumoconiosis has a significant impact on the quality of patient survival due to its difficult staging diagnosis and poor prognosis. This study aims to develop a computer-aided diagnostic system for the screening and staging pneumoconiosis based on a multi-stage joint deep learning approach using X-ray chest radiographs of pneumoconiosis patients.
Methods: In this study, a total of 498 medical chest radiographs, from the Department of Radiology of West China Fourth Hospital. The dataset was randomly divided into a training set and a test set at a ratio of 4:1. Following histogram equalization for image enhancement, the images were segmented using the U-Net model and staging was predicted using a convolutional neural network classification model. We first used Efficient-Net for multi-classification staging diagnosis, but the results showed that stage I/II of pneumoconiosis was difficult to diagnose. Therefore, based on clinical practice we continued to improve the model by using Res-Net 34 Multi-stage joint method.
Results: Of the 498 cases collected, the classification model using the Efficient-Net achieved an accuracy of 83% with a Quadratic Weighted Kappa (QWK) score of 0.889. The classification model using the multi-stage joint approach of Res-Net 34 achieved an accuracy of 89% with an area under the curve(AUC) of 0.98 and a high QWK score of 0.94.
Conclusions: In this study, the diagnostic accuracy of pneumoconiosis staging was significantly improved by an innovative combined multi-stage approach, which provides a reference for clinical application and pneumoconiosis screening.
Major Depressive Disorder is Associated with Mitochondrial ND6 T14502C Mutation in Two Han Chinese Families
Authors: Jing Pan , Yu Haihang , Wu Tingting , Yu Bihua , Liang Ming , Xia Tingting , Xu Xuewen , Xu Ting , Liu Lingjiang , Zhang Xiaobin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background Globally, the World Health Organization ranks major depressive disorder (MDD) as the leading cause of disability. However, the diagnosis of MDD is unreliable. This study aimed to explore the possible association between mitochondrial ND6 T14502C mutation and major depressive disorder (MDD).Methods Clinical data were collected from two pedigrees, and detailed mitochondrial genomes were obtained for the two proband members. The assessment of the resulting variants included an evaluation of their evolutionary conservation, allelic frequencies, as well as their structural and functional consequences. Detailed mitochondrial whole genome analysis, phylogenetic, and haplotype analysis were performed on the probands.Results Herein, we reported the clinical, genetic, and molecular profiling of two Chinese families afflicted with MDD. These Chinese families exhibited not only a range of onset and severity ages in their depression but also extremely low penetrances to MDD. Sequence analyses of mitochondrial genomes from these pedigrees have resulted in the identification of a homoplasmic T14502C (I58V) mutation. The polymorphism is located at a highly conserved isoleucine at position 58 of ND6 and distinct mtDNA polymorphisms originating from haplogroups M10 and H2.Conclusions Identifying the T14502C mutation in two individuals with no genetic relation who exhibit symptoms of depression provides compelling evidence that this mutation may be implicated in MDD development. Nonetheless, the two Chinese pedigrees that carried the T14502C mutation did not exhibit any functionally significant mutations in their mtDNA. Therefore, the phenotypic expression of the T14502C mutation related to MDD may be influenced by the nuclear modifier gene(s) or environmental factors.
Short- and long-term outcomes after colonic stent insertion as a bridge to surgery in elderly colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Shiraishi Toshio , Tominaga Tetsuro , Ono Rika , Noda Keisuke , Hashimoto Shintaro , Oishi Kaido , Takamura Yuma , Nonaka Takashi , Hisanaga Makoto , Ishii Mitsutoshi , Fukuoka Hidetoshi , Takeshita Hiroaki , To Kazuo , Tanaka Kenji , Sawai Terumitsu , Nagayasu Takeshi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Colonic stents have been inserted as a bridge to surgery in patients with resectable colorectal cancer, allowing bowel decompression for systemic assessment and better preparation to avoid stoma construction. However, reports of short- and long-term prognoses for elderly patients remain limited.
Methods: This retrospective study reviewed 175 consecutive patients who underwent colonic stent insertion for bowel obstruction followed by colorectal resection between 2016 and 2021. All cases were diagnosed with stage II/III pathologically. Patients were divided into those ³80 years old (Old, n=49) and those <80 years old (Young, n=126). Propensity score matching was applied to minimize selection biases, with 41 patients in each group matched and analyzed.
Results: Before matching, performance status was poorer (performance status 3: 26.5% vs 4.8%; p<0.001), postoperative complication rate was higher (36.7% vs 17.5%; p=0.009), adjuvant chemotherapy rate was lower (8.2% vs 53.2%; p<0.001), and hospital stay was longer (16 vs 13 days; p<0.001) in the Old group. After matching, adjuvant chemotherapy rate was lower (9.8% vs 39.0%; p=0.003) and hospital stay was longer (14 vs 12 days; p=0.029) in the Old group. However, postoperative complication rates were comparable between groups (31.7% vs 26.8%; p=0.808), as were 5-year relapse-free survival rate (42.9% vs 68.8%; p=0.200), overall survival rate (66.3% vs 87.7%; p=0.081), and cancer-specific survival rate (68.2% vs 87.7%; p=0.129).
Conclusions: Colorectal resection after colonic stent insertion is useful for elderly patients, with potential to reduce postoperative complication rates and achieve good long-term results with appropriate case selection.
On Chip Modulated Scattering Tag Operating at Millimetric Frequency Band
Authors: Chiele Irene Dal , Donelli Massimo , Iannacci Jacopo , Guha Koushik 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A miniaturized modulated scattering technique (MST) tag able to operate at millimetric frequency bands is proposed in this work. In particular, the proposed tag operates like a RFID tag, but thanks to the MST technique it does not require a radiofrequency front end. The information is carried on by modulating an interrogating electromagnetic wave with a suitable change of load impedance of the tag antenna obtained by means of an electronic switch. With respect to standard RFID tags, characterized by limited operative range, MST tags can theoretically reach any operative range up to kilometers. In this work, all the components of the MST tag are directly designed on-chip leading to a very compact design. In particular, the tag has been designed to operate at millimetric frequency bands up to 70GHz. The preliminary experimental results are quite promising, and they demonstrated the capabilities and potentialities of this technique.
Multi-effects of temperature and particle size on the filter-feeding rate of brine shrimp Artemia at different growth stages and densities
Authors: Li Ke , Wang Yudie , Du Guoru , Yao Xueliang , Bao Haiyan , Han Xuekai , Sui Liying 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Brine shrimp Artemia is able to filter particulate substances non-selectively and continuously, which make it an useful experimental animal in aquatic toxicological study. In this study, the filter-feeding rate (FFR) of Artemia franciscana at different temperatures (20℃/25℃/30℃) and densities (20/40/75/100 ind./100 mL at two earlier growth stages; 5/10/20 ind./100 mL at two later growth stages) on three unicellular algae (Chlorella vulgaris, Porphyridium purpureum, Phaeodactylum tricornutum) and two sizes of polyethylene balls (30 µm and 50 µm) was determined at Artemia four growth stages. The results showed that the FFR was positively correlated with the ambient temperature and Artemia body length, while it was negatively correlated with the Artemia density and particle size, and one way ANOVA analysis showed that the above factors mostly had significant effects on FFR (P < 0.05). And the favorable filtration particle size of Artemia increased with its body length. The equation of FFR in function of temperature, Artemia body length and density, and particle size was obtained using multiple linear regression analysis: FFR = 0.487*BL + 0.067*T-0.01D-0.064PS-1.508 (R2 = 0.513). Of these four variables, body length had the greatest effect on FFR, followed by ambient temperature and particle size, and Artemia density. The results of this study provide a valuable guidance for proper feeding in the controlled Artemia production and standardization of experimental protocol of ecotoxicity and fundamental Artemia research, as well as facilities the application of Artemia in aquaculture wastewater treatment.
Interfacial microstructures of Nb 3 Sn–NbTi joints fabricated via resistive welding
Authors: Sun Wanshuo. , Cheng Junsheng. , Wang Lei , Chen Shunzhong. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Nb3Sn and NbTi superconducting joints were fabricated successfully via resistive welding technology. After long periods of heat treatment, Nb3Sn joints with a Nb3Sn block that surrounded Nb3Sn wires were prepared. The Nb3Sn block was welded together with the NbTi wires to form a joint without intermediate layers between them. The shortest path to conduct the superconducting current contributed to improving joint performance and reducing joint resistance. We investigated microstructural changes in Nb3Sn–NbTi superconducting joints. This type of joint has two interfaces: the interface between the Nb3Sn wires and the Nb3Sn block and the interface between the Nb3Sn block and the NbTi wires. Both interfaces are essential for conducting the superconducting current. We can improve our understanding of the underlying mechanism in the current path by investigating the microstructures of these joints. Results showed that Nb3Sn was welded together with NbTi, and the joint exhibited excellent performance. The resistance of the joint was lower than 2×10− 13 Ω under a background field of 1.25 T, which can meet most applications of Nb3Sn magnets.
Nutritional comparison and evaluation of two macroalgae, Sargassum ilicifulium and Padina australis, as partial substitution with fish meal in practical diets of Asian sea bass juvenile (Lates calcarifer)
Authors: Morshedi Vahid , Gamoori Reza , Yilmaz Sevdan , Hamedi Shirin , Ghasemi Ahmad , Shapawi Rossita 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this study, we used Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) with initial weight of 29.0 ± 1.0 g as the model organism to investigate the effects of dietary Sargassum ilicifolium and Padina australis on various aspects of growth and immune response. We formulated three diets in which fish meal (FM) was gradually replaced by S. ilicifolium (SIM) and P. australis meal (PAM) at a substitution level of 6% (SIM 6 (S6) and PAM 6 (P6)). The control diet (C) did not contain any macro algae. Our findings revealed that the group given the P6 diet exhibited significantly higher growth and feed utilization than the control group (P < 0.05). Our findings indicate that the inclusion of P. australis in the diet had a significant impact on red blood cells (RBC), haemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), white blood cells (WBC), lymphocytes, neutrophils, and cholesterol (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the S. ilicifolium diet resulted in significantly higher levels of total protein and triglyceride in the fish as compared to the other groups (P < 0.05). Our study showed that the group fed with 6% P. australis had significantly higher levels of immunoglobulin and lysozyme in both skin mucus and serum compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the group fed with 6% S. ilicifolium exhibited significantly higher levels of serum immunoglobulin (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in alternative complement activity and serum lysozyme among all treatment groups (P > 0.05). After evaluating the activity of digestive enzymes, including protease, lipase, and amylase, we observed no significant differences among the treatment groups (P > 0.05). Additionally, we measured the expression levels of growth-related genes, such as insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), lysozyme (LZ), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Our findings indicate that the P6 group had significantly higher expression levels of these genes compared to all other treatment groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our research demonstrates that incorporating Padina australis into the diet of Asian seabass juveniles and partially replacing fish meal has positive effects on their immune system and growth performance.