bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gossypin mitigates oxidative damage by downregulating the molecular signaling pathway in oleic acid‐induced acute lung injury
Authors: Dincer Busra , Cinar Irfan , Erol Huseyin Serkan , Demirci Beste , Terzi Funda 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOne of the leading causes of acute lung injury, which is linked to a high death rate, is pulmonary fat embolism. Increases in proinflammatory cytokines and the production of free radicals are related to the pathophysiology of acute lung injury. Antioxidants that scavenge free radicals play a protective role against acute lung injury. Gossypin has been proven to have antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti‐inflammatory properties. In this study, we compared the role of Gossypin with the therapeutically used drug Dexamethasone in the acute lung injury model caused by oleic acid in rats. Thirty rats were divided into five groups; Sham, Oleic acid model, Oleic acid+Dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg), Oleic acid+Gossypin (10 and 20 mg/kg). Two hours after pretreatment with Dexamethasone or Gossypin, the acute lung injury model was created by injecting 1 g/kg oleic acid into the femoral vein. Three hours following the oleic acid injection, rats were decapitated. Lung tissues were extracted for histological, immunohistochemical, biochemical, PCR, and SEM imaging assessment. The oleic acid injection caused an increase in lipid peroxidation and catalase activity, pathological changes in lung tissue, decreased superoxide dismutase activity, and glutathione level, and increased TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐8 expression. However, these changes were attenuated after treatment with Gossypin and Dexamethasone. By reducing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and attenuating oxidative stress, Gossypin pretreatment provides a new target that is equally effective as dexamethasone in the treatment of oleic acid‐induced acute lung injury.
Examination of autoantibodies to type I interferon in patients suffering from long COVID
Authors: Hansen Kristoffer Skaalum , Jørgensen Sofie Eg , Skouboe Morten Kelder , Agergaard Jane , Schiøttz‐Christensen Berit , Vibholm Line Khalidan , Tolstrup Martin , Østergaard Lars , Leth Steffen , Mogensen Trine H. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLong COVID (LC) is an emerging global health concern. The underlying mechanism and pathophysiology remain unclear. Presence of neutralizing autoantibodies against type 1 interferons (IFN) has been established as a predictor of critical COVID‐19. We hypothesized that persistent autoimmune activity with autoantibodies against type 1 IFN may contribute to symptoms in patients with LC. Plasma samples and clinical information were obtained from a Danish LC cohort consisting of adult patients with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. Information on symptoms and quality of life was derived from an LC‐specific questionnaire and the EQ‐5D‐5L questionnaire. Detection of type 1 IFN autoantibodies in plasma were performed by ELISA. Samples collected between June, 2020, and September, 2021, from 279 patients were analyzed and compared to a control group of 94 individuals with prior mild SARS‐CoV‐2 infection who did not develop LC symptoms. In total, five LC patients (1.8%) and 3 (3.2%) of the controls had detectable circulating type 1 IFN autoantibodies. Collectively, prevalence of autoantibodies against type 1 IFN subtypes in our LC cohort were primarily driven by men and did not exceed the prevalence in controls. Thus, in our cohort, anti‐type I IFN autoantibodies are unlikely to drive LC symptoms.
Predicting discontinuation of biologic therapy caused by adverse events in psoriasis patients—A Danish nationwide cohort study
Authors: Nielsen Mia‐Louise , Petersen Troels C. , Maul Julia‐Tatjana , Wu Jashin J. , Bertelsen Trine , Skov Lone , Thomsen Simon F. , Thyssen Jacob P. , Egeberg Alexander 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundSome patients treated with biologic therapy for psoriasis experience adverse events causing treatment discontinuation.ObjectivesTo identify predictors of adverse events resulting in discontinuation of biologics for psoriasis.MethodsThis cohort study involved data from the Danish nationwide registry DERMBIO. A classification algorithm based on gradient‐boosted decision trees combined with a mixed‐effects model was applied to data on various drugs to predict treatment discontinuation caused by adverse events and to identify important predictors.ResultsThis study comprised 4876 treatment series, including 3078 (63.1%) that were discontinued. With adverse events causing 19.6% of these, it was the second most frequent reason for discontinuation following ineffectiveness. The proportion of treatments discontinued due to adverse events was 20.0% [16.7%, 23.9%; 95% confidence interval (CI)] among patients that had discontinued their previous treatment series due to adverse events, and 11.6% [10.3%, 13.1%; 95% CI] among treatment series where the previous treatment was discontinued due to other reasons (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe proportion of treatment series discontinued due to adverse events among patients who had discontinued their previous treatment due to adverse events was 72.4% larger compared to those who discontinued their previous treatment for other reasons.
Signaling pathways in macrophages: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets
Authors: Li Ming , Wang Mengjie , Wen Yuanjia , Zhang Hongfei , Zhao Guang‐Nian , Gao Qinglei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMacrophages play diverse roles in development, homeostasis, and immunity. Accordingly, the dysfunction of macrophages is involved in the occurrence and progression of various diseases, such as coronavirus disease 2019 and atherosclerosis. The protective or pathogenic effect that macrophages exert in different conditions largely depends on their functional plasticity, which is regulated via signal transduction such as Janus kinase–signal transducer and activator of transcription, Wnt and Notch pathways, stimulated by environmental cues. Over the past few decades, the molecular mechanisms of signaling pathways in macrophages have been gradually elucidated, providing more alternative therapeutic targets for diseases treatment. Here, we provide an overview of the basic physiology of macrophages and expound the regulatory pathways within them. We also address the crucial role macrophages play in the pathogenesis of diseases, including autoimmune, neurodegenerative, metabolic, infectious diseases, and cancer, with a focus on advances in macrophage‐targeted strategies exploring modulation of components and regulators of signaling pathways. Last, we discuss the challenges and possible solutions of macrophage‐targeted therapy in clinical applications. We hope that this comprehensive review will provide directions for further research on therapeutic strategies targeting macrophage signaling pathways, which are promising to improve the efficacy of disease treatment.
Evaluating mesh use for abdominal donor site closure after deep inferior epigastric perforator flap breast reconstruction: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Parmeshwar Nisha , Lem Melinda , Dugan Catherine L , Piper Merisa 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite improvement in abdominal morbidity with deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap breast reconstruction compared to prior abdominally‐based free flap breast reconstruction, abdominal bulge, and hernia rates have been cited anywhere from 2% to 33%. As a result, some surgeons utilize mesh or other reinforcement upon donor‐site closure, but its benefit in preventing abdominal wall morbidity has not been well‐defined for DIEP flaps. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate DIEP donor‐site closure techniques and the impact of mesh type and plane on abdominal‐wall morbidity including hernia and bulge, relative to primary fascial closure.MethodsMEDLINE, PubMED, Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS were systematically reviewed for studies evaluating DIEP flap breast reconstruction abdominal‐donor site closure, where any mesh reinforcement or primary fascial closure was specified, and postoperative outcomes of hernia and/or abdominal bulge were reported. Analysis was performed in Review Manager (RevMan) evaluating mesh use, type, and plane relative to primary fascial closure, using the Mantel–Haenszel method to calculate odds ratios (ORs) of significance level p < .05, and a random effects model to account for inter‐study heterogeneity.ResultsOf the 2791 DIEP patients across 11 studies, 1901 patients underwent primary closure and 890 were repaired with mesh. When hernia and/or bulge were combined into a single complication, the use of any mesh did not significantly reduce its odds compared to primary closure (OR = 0.69, p = .20). Similarly, the use of any mesh did not significantly reduce the odds of bulge alone compared to primary closure (OR = 0.62, p = .43). However, the odds of hernia alone were significantly reduced by 72% with any mesh use (OR = 0.28, p = .03).ConclusionMesh use was significantly associated with decreased odds of hernia alone with DIEP flap surgery, but there was no difference in bulge or combined hernia/bulge rates. As bulge is the more common abdominal morbidity after DIEP flap harvest in a patient with no prior abdominal surgery or risk factor for hernia, mesh use is not indicated in abdominal closure of all DIEP patients. Future prospective studies are warranted to characterize the specific indications for mesh use in the setting of DIEP flap surgery.
Stability of rotating equilibrium states of fluid deformable surfaces
Authors: Nestler Michael , Voigt Axel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe consider rotating equilibrium states of fluid deformable surfaces. These states are characterized by a force balance between centrifugal and bending forces, involve surface Killing vector fields and are independent of surface viscosity. Considering a continuum description based on the incompressible surface Navier‐Stokes equations with bending forces and conserved enclosed volume we numerically demonstrate that these rotating equilibrium states can be reached, but also that these states are not stable. Any perturbation in shape or rotating flow field leads to dissipation and destroys the rotating equilibrium states. After breaking symmetry, evolution reaches other rotating states with a lower energy for which the symmetry axis and the rotation axis are not aligned. Such flow fields could be characterized by three‐dimensional Killing vector fields. However, also these states are also not stable. Based on these numerical results we postulate a cascading mechanism of ‘disturbance ‐ force balance reconfiguration ‐ dissipation’ that contains various rotating equilibrium states as transient configurations but eventually leads to the classical equilibrium shapes of the Helfrich energy.
Deep learning for frequency response prediction of a multimass oscillator
Authors: Schultz Julius , van Delden Jan , Blech Christopher , Langer Sabine C. , Lüddecke Timo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNoise prevention in product development is becoming more and more important due to health effects and comfort restrictions. In the product development process, costly and time‐consuming simulations are carried out over parameter spaces, for example, via the finite element method, in order to find quiet product designs. The solution of dynamic systems is limited in their maximum frequency and the size of the parameter space. Therefore, the substitution of high‐fidelity models by machine learning approaches is desirable. In this contribution, we consider an academic benchmark: Training a neural network to predict the frequency response of a multimass oscillator. Neural network architectures based on multilayer perceptrons and transformers are investigated and compared with respect to their accuracy in frequency response prediction. Our investigations suggest that the transformer architecture is better suited, in terms of accuracy and in terms of capability to handle multiple system configurations in a single model. The code of this work is available at https://eckerlab.org/code/acoustics_mmo_2023
Simulation of foil bearing supported rotor systems considering tilting motions
Authors: Nitzschke Steffen , Woschke Elmar , Daniel Christian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAn accurate model of a foil bearing supported rotor needs to cover rotor dynamics of the shaft, structure dynamics of the foil as well as hydro‐ and thermo dynamics in the fluid film. The paper addresses the incorporation of tilting motions of the shaft and its influence on the foil deflection, which in turn results in a more accurate prediction of the stability threshold of the rotor‐bearing system.
Toward the use of a reduced‐order and stochastic turbulence model for assessment of far‐field sound radiation: Low Mach number jet flows
Authors: Medina Méndez Juan A. , Sharma Sparsh , Schmidt Heiko , Klein Marten 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis work presents a novel framework for the evaluation of far‐field sound radiation, specializing to a low Mach number jet flow. The framework comprises an analytical and a numerical part. In the analytical part, a low Mach number asymptotic analysis is presented to obtain the spectral sources of sound radiation starting from a pressure wave equation that is directly obtained from the Navier–Stokes equations. The derivation procedure is based on the fundamental premise of Lighthill's acoustic analogy. In the numerical part, a reduced‐order model for turbulent flow, the one‐dimensional turbulence model, is used to simulate the velocity field of a low Mach number turbulent round jet, assumed fully developed and statistically steady, hence homogeneous in the azimuthal direction and for a cross‐sectional slab assumed locally homogeneous in axial direction, too. The generated velocity field is used for the calculation of the spectral pressure sources, and consequently, to estimate the far‐field sound pressure level (SPL) of the jet. The results of the analysis are compared against available experimental SPL measurements from a subsonic jet. A reasonable agreement is obtained for the SPL. Furthermore, the analysis sheds light into the different contributions of the subsonic flow to sound radiation. The framework is readily extendable for any kind of low Mach number flow, including variable density flows and jet flames.
The Steller's Sea‐Eagle in North America: An economic assessment of birdwatchers travelling to see a vagrant raptor
Authors: Pease Brent S. , Gilbert Neil A. , Casola William R. , Akamani Kofi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Birdwatching—a cultural ecosystem service—is among the most popular outdoor recreational activities. Existing economic valuations of birdwatching typically overlook the economic contributions of birdwatchers travelling to see vagrant (out‐of‐range) birds.

Economic valuations of vagrant birdwatching are few, and to date, no valuation of a large, charismatic vagrant species—or of a recurring individual vagrant bird—has been reported.

During 2020–2022, a vagrant Steller's Sea‐Eagle (Haliaeetus pelagicus) was reported in several locations in North America, representing the first record of this species in these locations. In Winter 2020–2021, the eagle spent nearly a month on the eastern seaboard of the United States, and thousands of people travelled to see it.

We conducted an online survey of individuals who travelled to see the eagle to estimate the individual and collective non‐consumptive use value of this vagrant birdwatching event. Using individual travel cost methodology, we estimated an average individual expenditure and, together with estimates of the total number of birdwatchers, we estimated non‐consumptive use value of the vagrant birdwatching event. Finally, we used a willingness to pay framework (via hypothetical donations to view the eagle) to evaluate the non‐consumptive use consumer surplus of the event.

We estimated that, on average, individual birdwatchers spent $180 USD (95% CI = $156–$207) ignoring travel time—or $277 (95% CI = $243–$314) when accounting for travel time—to view the eagle. Furthermore, we estimated between 2115 and 2645 individuals travelled to see the eagle during December 2021 to January 2022. Thus, we estimated that the eagle generated a total expenditure between $380,604 and $476,626, or between $584,373 and $731,809 when accounting for travel time. Finally, based on travellers' willingness to pay, we estimated a non‐consumptive use consumer surplus of the event between $139,036 and $174,114.

Assigning economic value to nature gives policymakers and business leaders footing to advance conservation in decision‐making. Although often overlooked in these decisions, vagrant birds supply ephemeral ecosystem services that might bolster community development efforts, particularly if vagrancy events occur with some predictability (e.g. recurring annually).

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
High‐resolution 3D printing resin reinforced by polyurethane filler particles; physical and mechanical properties
Authors: Ramezanpour Masoud , Pourabbas Behzad 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn 3D printing technology, unwanted resin properties such as low mechanical, thermal, electrical, and biocompatibility can be enhanced by using proper fillers. In this study, sucrose urethane microparticles, acrylic modified are used to improve the properties of the final object without losing other properties such as printing resolution. Modification is confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy and hydrogen bonding index enhancement after modification of the urethane filler. Filler particles are reduced in sizes by modification followed by ball‐milling as is confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. When the filler content is 2.5 wt%, mechanical tensile and flexural modulus increase compared to the neat resin however, increases the brittleness of the photo‐cured samples. Thermal degradation temperature is lifted up for 2.5–5.0 wt% of the filler loading in the resin. Improved dimensional accuracy and detailed printing in higher resolution, due to the physical effect of the filler particles, can also be achieved in real 3D‐printed object as is explored.Highlights
High‐resolution 3D printing, by random geometry of filler particles in the resin.
Scattering from polyurethane foam microparticles lead to high‐resolution printing.
Acrylate‐modified polyurethane filler particles provide resin compatibility.
Polyurethane filler leads to higher resolution with enhanced mechanical properties.
Fluoroquinolone‐associated adverse events of interest among hospitalized veterans affairs patients with community‐acquired pneumonia who were treated with a fluoroquinolone: A focus on tendonitis, Clostridioides difficile infection, and aortic aneurysm
Authors: Patel Nimish , Gorseth Allison , Belfiore Gina , Stornelli Nicholas , Lowry Colleen , Thomas Lodise 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStudy ObjectiveThe objectives of this study were to (i) quantify the incidence of three concerning fluoroquinolone adverse events of interest (FQAEI, i.e., adverse tendon event (TE), clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), and aortic aneurysm/dissection (AAD)), (ii) identify the patient‐level factors that predict these events, and (iii) develop clinical risk scores to estimate the predicted probabilities of each FQAEI based on patient‐level covariates available on clinical presentation.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingUpstate New York Veterans' Healthcare Administration from 2011 to 2016.PatientsHospitalized patients with community‐acquired pneumonia receiving care in the Upstate New York Veterans' Healthcare Administration from 2011 to 2016.InterventionN/A.MeasurementsThe outcomes of interest for this study were the occurrence of TE, CDI, and AAD. We also evaluated a composite of these three outcomes, FQAEI.Main ResultsThe study population consisted of 1071 patients. The overall incidence of FQAEI, TE, AAD, and CDI was 6.5%, 1.8%, 4.5%, and 0.3%, respectively. For each outcome evaluated, the probability of the event of interest was predicted by the presence of certain comorbidities, previous healthcare exposure, choice of specific FQ antibiotic, or therapy duration. Concomitant steroids, pneumonia in preceding 180 days, and creatinine clearance <30 mL/min predicted FQAEI.ConclusionsIndividual frequencies of three important FQAEIs were quantified, and risk scores were developed to estimate the probabilities of experiencing these events to help clinicians individualize treatment decisions for patients and reduce the potential risks of select FQAEIs.
Blue‐green fluorescence during hypersensitive cell death arises from phenylpropanoid deydrodimers
Authors: Kanawati Basem , Bertic Marko , Moritz Franco , Habermann Felix , Zimmer Ina , Mackey David , Schmitt‐Kopplin Philippe , Schnitzler Jörg‐Peter , Durner Jörg , Gaupels Frank 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInfection of Arabidopsis with avirulent Pseudomonas syringae and exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) both trigger hypersensitive cell death (HCD) that is characterized by the emission of bright blue‐green (BG) autofluorescence under UV illumination. The aim of our current work was to identify the BG fluorescent molecules and scrutinize their biosynthesis, localization, and functions during the HCD. Compared with wild‐type (WT) plants, the phenylpropanoid‐deficient mutant fah1 developed normal HCD except for the absence of BG fluorescence. Ultrahigh resolution metabolomics combined with mass difference network analysis revealed that WT but not fah1 plants rapidly accumulate dehydrodimers of sinapic acid, sinapoylmalate, 5‐hydroxyferulic acid, and 5‐hydroxyferuloylmalate during the HCD. FAH1‐dependent BG fluorescence appeared exclusively within dying cells of the upper epidermis as detected by microscopy. Saponification released dehydrodimers from cell wall polymers of WT but not fah1 plants. Collectively, our data suggest that HCD induction leads to the formation of free BG fluorescent dehydrodimers from monomeric sinapates and 5‐hydroxyferulates. The formed dehydrodimers move from upper epidermis cells into the apoplast where they esterify cell wall polymers. Possible functions of phenylpropanoid dehydrodimers are discussed.
Follow to be followed: The centrality of MFAs in Twitter networks
Authors: Manor Ilan , Segev Elad 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article outlines three major features of the digital society (information sharing, a levelled‐playing field, and reciprocal surveillance) and explores their manifestation in the field of diplomacy. The article analyzed the international network of 78 Ministries of Foreign Affairs (MFAs) on Twitter during the critical period of its growth between 2014 and 2016. To explain why some MFAs follow or are followed by their peers, both internal (Twitter) and external (gross domestic product) factors were considered. The analysis found the principle of digital reciprocity to be the most important factor in explaining an MFA's centrality. Ministries who follow their peers are more likely to be followed in return. Other factors that predict the popularity of MFAs among their peers are regionality, technological savviness, and national media environments. These findings provide a broader understanding of contemporary diplomacy and the fierce competition over attention in the digital society.