bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overview of the Twitter conversation around #14F 2021 Catalonia regional election: analysis of echo chambers and presence of social bots
Authors: Cervera Raul Broto , Pérez-Solà Cristina , Batlle Albert 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

The omnipresence of the digital ecosystem makes it increasingly important in our societies, which implies that the analysis and study of the digital battlefield in political elections is also becoming more necessary to protect our democracies. Previous literature showed the existence of information operations around the world, designed to manipulate the political perception of citizens, and therefore, the electoral results. This paper examines the Twitter conversation around #14F 2021 Catalonia regional elections, which had special significance due to the pandemic situation and the highly polarized scenario around Catalonia and Spain, using tools and techniques from Big Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence. The results obtained show that the conversation existed inside robust echo chambers within each political party community, which became even more powerful if parties are unified into political affinity blocks. Also, focusing on the analysis related to the social bot presence, a significant quantity of results showed a higher presence of social bots in VOX party community compared to the rest of communities. This study corroborates other existing studies regarding the Catalan and Spanish scenario on the presence of echo chambers and on the existence of social bots with their tendency to basically amplify content; it also uncovers the lack of existence of cross-conversation between the independentist and unionist political block claimed in other studies.
Evaluating Supervised Machine Learning Models for Zero-Day Phishing Attack Detection: A Comprehensive Study
Authors: Lotfi Zahra , Valipourebrahimi Sara , Tran Thomas 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

To have highly secure e-commerce websites, detecting and preventing cyber-attacks is of high importance. Among diverse types of cyber-attacks, identifying zero-day attacks is problematic since they are unknown to the security system. It is because they usually are launched by an attacker and none of the existing defined patterns match with the unknown (malicious) case. There are many machine learning models developed to analyze and detect phishing websites, specifically using supervised models. However, the main issue with zero-day attacks is that they are not seen before, so their patterns are not trained to the model. Thus, the supervised models designed for detecting phishing URLs should be very accurate in predicting the label of unseen data. This research addresses the underlying issue by evaluating seven different supervised machine learning models to assess their accuracy in predicting zero-day phishing attacks. Unlike previous studies that examined models on features that are only extracted from URLs, our evaluation framework incorporates a comprehensive dataset that includes not only URL features but also third-party extracted features as well as content-based features. This research also examines the performance of the models under the impact of dimension reduction techniques. By reducing the dimensionality of the dataset, we aim to improve computational efficiency without compromising the accuracy of the models. The results depict that XGBoost performs best on zero-day attack data sets with accuracy and an f1-score of 96.6%, and PCA can be applied in high-dimensional data sets without adverse effects on the models’ performance.
A kind of high performance and environmental friendly TTE modified chlorella protein-based adhesive
Authors: Wang shujie , Sun jin , Chen mengjie , Gao zhenzhong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Protein-based adhesives are considered an excellent alternative to aldehyde-based adhesives. However, currently commonly used protein raw material is edible protein, which will inevitably lead to food competition in long run. To this end, this study used chlorella protein, a non-edible single-cell protein as raw material, to develop a new type of green, economical and high-performance chlorella protein-based adhesive. Chlorella protein was pretreated by alkali-heat-SDS method, and then modified with trihydroxymethyl triglycidyl ether (TTE). The result showed that dry bond strength, thermal stability and water resistance of adhesive were improved. When 0.75 g TTE was added, dry bond strength increased from 0.55 MPa to 1.75 MPa and wet bond strength increased from 0 to 1.06 MPa, by 218.2% and 106.0%, respectively. The physico-chemical connections between TTE and chlorella protein were confirmed by FTIR, XRD, TG and SEM, as well as formation of dense cross-linking network structure. This study provides a new raw material and its preparation method for field of protein-based adhesives, and promotes development of protein-based adhesives.
Reindeer hindlimb joint kinetics: propulsive and energy storage mechanisms and mechanical work
Authors: Li Guoyu , Zhang Rui , Han Dianlei , Li Zhisong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

As seasonal migratory animals, reindeer inhabit the natural habitats in Arctic regions and have evolved their hindlimb joints to adapt to the complex ground conditions there. Inverse dynamics of the joints is an important tool to study foot functions. Herein, with a motion tracking system and plantar pressure data based on kinematics and inverse dynamics of hindlimbs, we investigated the changes in joint angles, net joint moments, net joint powers, and work of reindeer at different speeds. Reindeer may adopt different movement patterns to efficiently utilize energy and adapt to the demands of different gaits and speeds. The joint ranges of motion (ROM) of the ankle joint (αb), metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint (αc), and interphalangeal joint (αd) of the hindlimbs were about 20.73°-28.87°, 40.37°-47.69°, and 24.47°-26.18°, respectively. The ankle joint produced positive work, providing propulsion. The positive work done at the ankle joint during walking, slow-trotting, and fast-trotting was 8.61×10-2, 9.25×10-2, and 15.44×10-2J·kg-1, respectively. The MTP and interphalangeal joints both absorbed energy during walking, slow trotting, and fast trotting. The energy absorption at the respective speeds was 12.53×10-2, 13.57×10-2, and 19.90×10-2J·kg-1by the MTP joint, and was 9.49×10-2, 7.71×10-2, and 10.26×10-2J·kg-1by the interphalangeal joint. The MTP joint and interphalangeal joint of the hindlimbs serve as the primary sites for energy storage and release, functioning as an elastic system. This study contributes to a deeper understanding about the biomechanical properties of hindlimb joints and provides a theoretical basis for designing extremity robots in extreme environments through analyzing the functional characteristics of reindeer foot joints.
Unlocking the Genetic Enigma: Estimating the Hidden Horde of Barcoded Cancer Cells using a Molecular German Tank Problem Approach
Authors: TASTAN CIHAN 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Accurate estimation of the number of undetected cancer cells after treatment is of paramount importance in oncology to gauge treatment efficacy and potential disease recurrence. Drawing inspiration from the German tank problem, we present a novel sampling-based molecular approach to estimate the population of elusive cancer cells that remain undetected by current molecular techniques. This study proposes an innovative approach to be undertaken in the future for estimating the number of undetected cancer cells post-treatment. Inspired by the renowned German tank problem, our sampling-based molecular methodology involves creating a unique molecular barcode representing the increasing mutations in cancerous cells over time. By collecting serial samples from cancer patients after treatment, we aim to statistically analyze and develop a robust estimation model to infer the total number of undetected cancer cells. The validation of this approach using an independent patient cohort would help ensure its reliability. Successful implementation of this methodology has the potential to revolutionize cancer research, providing crucial insights into residual cancer cell populations and facilitating the development of personalized treatment strategies. Ultimately, this future research endeavor could significantly impact cancer care, leading to improved patient outcomes and advancing our understanding of post-treatment cancer dynamics. This innovative approach may transform cancer research and improve patient outcomes by offering insights into the post-treatment cancer landscape that was hitherto concealed.
"Our Great Rarity": A.I. Bulgakov and His Writings on Western Christianity
Authors: Стецкевич М.С. , Чумакова Т.В. , Стецкевич Е.С. 
Published: July 2023

В статье проанализированы важнейшие труды профессора Киевской духовной академии А.И. Булгакова (1859–1907), посвященные истории и современному состоянию западного христианства. Авторским кредо Булгакова было стремление к объективности, которая, хотя и рассматривалась им как недостижимый идеал, тем не менее выгодно отличала его работы от богословско-обличительных сочинений. Не-смотря на значительную стеснённость в выборе литературы и особенно источников, Булгакову удалось создать тексты, ряд которых не потерял своего научного значения до сего дня. Им были заложены отечественные традиции изучения английского христианства XVIII–XIX вв., возобновлённые, после длительного перерыва, современными российскими исследователями.
The article analyzes the most important works of Professor of the Kiev Theological Academy A.I. Bulgakov (1859–1907), devoted to the history and current state of Western Christianity. His author's credo was objectivity, which, although considered by him as an unattainable ideal, nevertheless favourably distinguished his works from theological and accusatory writings. Despite considerable limitations in the choice of literature and especially sources, Bulgakov managed to create texts, a number of which have not lost their scientific significance to this day. He laid the domestic traditions of the study of English Christianity of the XVIII–XIX cc., renewed, after a long break, by modern Russian researchers.
University Statute of 1863 and the Organization of Academic Time at the Kazan University
Authors: Бушуева Л.А. 
Published: July 2023

В статье проанализирована организация академического времени в Казанском университете в период действия университетского устава 1863 г. Рассмотрены границы учебного года, особенности организации переводных и вступительных испытаний, распределение лекционных и практических занятий. Отмечено, что широкие полномочия давали возможность профессорским советам, в том числе и в Казани, выстраивать учебный процесс, исходя из местных условий. В результате порядок преподавания в университетах стал со временем различаться. Это привело со стороны властных органов к введению ответных мер, направленных на унификацию академического времени и сокращение самоуправления в университетах.
In the paper the academic time organization at the Kazan University during the period of the University Statute of 1863 is analyzed. The boundaries of the academic year, the organization of transfer and entrance examinations, the distribution of lectures and practical classes are considered. It is noted that broad powers made it possible for professorial councils, including those in Kazan, to build the educational process based on local conditions. As a result, the order of teaching in universities began to differ in time. This led to retaliatory arrangements from the direction of the authorities, aimed at unifying academic time and reducing self-government in universities.
A Sure Token that the Pope is Antichrist
Authors: Чугунова Т.Г. 
Published: July 2023

Публикуется перевод одной из глав полемического сочинения английского реформатора Уильяма Тиндела (1494–1536) «Ответ на Диалог сэра Томаса Мора». Перевод выполнен по изданию: Tyndale W. An Answere into Sir Thomas More’s Dualogue // The Whole works of W. Tyndall, John Frith and Doct. Barnes, three worthy Martyrs and principall teachers of this Church of England collected and compiled in one tome together, being before scattered now in in print here exhibiten to the Church / Ed. by J. Foxe. L.: Printed by J. Daye, 1573. P. 247–339. Комментарии и предисловие переводчика.
This publication is one of the most important chapters of the polemical work of the XVI –th century English reformer William Tyndale (1494–1536) «An Answer into Sir Thomas More’s Dualogue» (1531) translated by T.G. Chougounova from English with comments. The translation is based on the edition: Tyndale W. An Answere into Sir Thomas More’s Dualogue // The Whole works of W. Tyndall, John Frith and Doct. Barnes, three worthy Martyrs and principall teachers of this Church of England collected and compiled in one tome together, being before scattered now in in print here exhibiten to the Church / Ed. by J. Foxe. London: Printed by J. Daye, 1573. P. 247–339. The comments and preface are made by the translator.
Comparision of Normal Saline Irrigation with Cold Normal Saline in Surgical Removal of Lower Wisdom Tooth: A Pilot Study.
Authors: Agarwal Shivam , Bargoti Gauri , Dheer Akriti , Garg Dr Balram Garg , Dr Birsubhra Roy  , Kajal Awana  , Kajal Awana  
Published: July 2023

Surgical removal of impacted lower wisdom tooth remains as the most common dental surgical procedure that is performed on outpatient basis. In the present study, a total of 40 patients with impacted lower wisdom tooth underwent surgical extraction under local anaesthesia by using Normal saline as irrigating solution at two different temperatures that is refrigerated at 8-degree Celsius temperature and other NS at room temperature. The patients underwent standard operating procedures and medication. Post-operative complications in terms of pain, swelling, infection and delayed wound healing were assessed and compared on Day 1 and Day 3and 7th day after surgery. The result of this study showed that irrigation with cold saline decreases the post-operative complications and enhances the healing after third molar removal.
A bigger scale of research with more samples is recommended to evaluate the most efficacy irrigating solution during surgical removal of impacted lower wisdom tooth.
Endocrown: An Alternative Approach for Restoring Endodontically Treated Molar
Authors: Dubey Juhi , Saini Rashmi , Gaur Anuj , Sisodiya Siddharth 
Published: July 2023

Abstract- The endocrown is described as a monolithic (one-piece) ceramic bonded construction characterized by a supra-cervical butt joint, retaining maximum enamel to improve adhesion. It is milled using computer-aided techniques or by molding ceramic materials under pressure.
Key words- Endocrown, Endodontically Treated Teeth, CAD/CAM, Post-endo Restoration
I-PRF Incorporated Absorbable Collagen Membrane for GTR based Recession Coverage : A Case Report
Authors: Singh Shruti , Deepa D.  , Katariya Anukrati , Gupta Ankita , Upadhaya Ratan , Rawat Ananya 
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Gingival recession defects in the esthetic zone demands a concurrent correction of all the involved teeth in a single surgery. Wound healing is a complex phenomenon and the concurrent use of collagen membrane and Injectable Platelet rich fibrin (I-PRF) will greatly enhance the process. Thus the aim of this case report is to evaluate the effectiveness of Coronally advanced flap (CAF) with collagen and I-PRF in the management of gingival recession management. There was 90% mean root coverage and good patient esthetic satisfaction. Thus CAF with collagen and PRF is an effective treatment modality in the management of multiple gingival recessions.
Management of Papilla Penetrating Frenum Using Z-plasty Technique - A Case Report
Authors: Acharya Rameswari , Srivastava Vivek , Meenawat Ajita , Khan Yasir Shahab 
Published: July 2023

Frenectomy is a surgical procedure that is commonly used to address issues related to the frenulum which can affect speech and can cause midline diastema which looks unesthetic. Z-plasty is a modification of the standard frenectomy procedure to reposition the frenulum and improve outcomes. This article provides an overview of frenectomy by using Z-plasty, including the procedure in detail, potential risks and complications, and a discussion of its clinical applications and outcomes.

Keywords- Aberrant frenum, Frenectomy, Z-plasty
Source of support- Nil
Conflict of interest- None declared
Ethical clearance- Approved by Intuitional Ethical Committee
Comparative evaluation of Tooth Surface Abrasiveness of Herbal and Non-herbal Toothpaste.
Authors: Vaibhav Tandon  , Diya Kumari  , Syed Amaan Ali  
Published: July 2023

Background: Abrasion is the mechanical wearing of dental hard tissue and commonly affects cervical tooth structure. The main predisposing factors for abrasion are the tooth brushing method and the type of toothpaste used. Toothpaste is an important component in the etiology of abrasion. Most toothpaste contains abrasive agents for cleaning, maintaining, and improving tooth health. There are two types of toothpaste commercially available; synthetic and herbal formulations. Synthetic toothpastes typically contain abrasive agents, such as calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, silica or hydrated silica for removing debris and stains. High amounts of abrasives in toothpastes may damage hard and soft tissues and dental restorations, leading to gingival recession, cervical abrasion and dentinal hypersensitivity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the abrasive effect of herbal toothpastes compared with non-herbal toothpaste.

Methods: 300 patients were randomly selected those who fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Subjects participating in this study were equally divided into 2 groups. Group A: Herbal toothpaste, Group B: Non Herbal tooth gel. The presence and type of cervical defects in each person will be diagnosing using the tooth wear index (TWI).

Results: Statistically significant difference was observed in value of enamel abrasion amongst Group A and B (p<0.05). Statistical analysis used in this study was one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)

Conclusions: The least enamel abrasion was observed in non herbal tooth gel when compared with herbal toothpaste.
Effect of different apical plug thickness of calcium silicate cements on fracture resistance of simulated immature teeth
Authors: Mahajan Sarish , Manuja Naveen , Chaudhary Seema 
Published: July 2023

Aim and Objectives: Treatment goal of traumatized immature teeth is to provide a restoration that reinforces the tooth structure to improve function and esthetics. The present study was conducted to compare and evaluate the effect of different apical plug thickness of calcium silicate cements on fracture resistance of simulated immature teeth.
Materials and Method: Eighty single rooted human teeth were sectioned and divided into eight groups (n=10). In Group I (positive control) no instrumentation was done. In the remaining seventy teeth endodontic access preparation was done and the root canals were instrumented with Peeso reamers. Group 2 (negative control), was filled with calcium hydroxide. In group 3, 4 5; MTA Plus was inserted into root canals to create 3-mm and 6-mm apical plugs and full obturation, respectively. Similarly in Group 6, 7, 8; Biodentine was inserted to create a 3-mm and 6-mm apical plug and full obturation, respectively. The remainder section of the canals in Group 3, 4 6, 7 were obturated with conventional gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer. The fracture testing of each specimen was performed using a Universal Testing Machine and force was recorded in newton (N). The values obtained was statistically analyzed using one way Anova and Post Hoc Tukeys tests.
Results: The maximum fracture resistance was seen in Group 3, which showed significantly greater values than Group 1, 2, 5, 6, 7&8 (p<0.05). No significant differences were found between the Group 3 and 4 and between Group 6 and 7 (P > .05).
Conclusion: Up to 6mm thickness of apical plug can be created with MTA Plus and Biodentine without deteriorating the fracture resistance of tooth complex.
TAD Assisted Retraction in A Lingual Appliance for Correction of Dentoalveolar Class II Malocclusion
Authors: Mishra Shalini , Kumar Mukesh , Goyal Manish , Bhushan Prateek , Priya Parul , Kaushik Surbhi 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Orthodontics, in today’s contemporary world, is focused mainly on aesthetics. Most of the adult patients are reluctant to orthodontic treatment due to their un-aesthetic appearance. To answer such problems several options are available, ranging from aesthetic brackets, made from tooth-coloured plastic or ceramic, another option is Invisalign, which is restricted to the treatment of only certain kinds of simple malocclusions. Hence, the lingual appliance selected for this case is by far the best option available from the aesthetic outlook and mechanical aspect however torque control of anterior teeth in lingual orthodontic appliance has always been considered a major problem. For maintaining the torque value of anterior teeth either we have to apply direct moment and force to the lingual brackets or by using a different combination of lever-arm and mini-screws mechanics to deliver force in a line that passes through or near to the center of resistance. In the present case, we utilized the combination of long lever-arm and palatal mini-implant system to produce a controlled en-masse retraction of the anterior teeth. This customised long lever arm created by soldering one power to others such that the point of force application is close the center of resistance.
Studying the load of composite brake pads under high-temperature impact from the rolling surface of wheels
Authors: Panchenko Sergii , Gerlici Juraj , Vatulia Glib , Lovska Alyona , Ravlyuk Vasyl , Harusinec Jozef 
Published: July 2023

The object of the research is the processes of thermal stress, perception and redistribution of loads by the brake composite pad during braking of the car in operation. In the current conditions, wedge-dual wear of composite brake pads is observed in the braking systems of freight cars, the feature of which is the deterioration of the braking efficiency of freight trains. With this type of wear, both an increase in the load on the brake pad and an "underuse" of the amount of pressure on it can occur. A comprehensive thermal calculation was carried out for composite brake pads with uniform and wedge-dual wear. The results of the calculation showed that the amount of pressure on an abnormally worn pad is 23.3 % less than that acting on a pad with nominal values. It has been proven that the change in the pressure force on the composite pad with different values of the wear parameters during braking leads to a change in the braking force that occurs between the wheel and the rail during braking. The calculation of the strength of the composite brake pad with wedge-dual wear was carried out. The obtained results will make it possible to develop measures to modernize the elements of the brake lever transmission of freight cars. The field of practical use of the obtained results is car-building enterprises. The conditions for the practical use of the results are the brake lever transmissions of carriages of cars with a gauge of 1520 mm. The conducted studies prove the negative impact of wedge-dual wear not only on braking efficiency, but also on the strength of brake pads. This makes it necessary to create measures aimed at its elimination, which will contribute to increasing the level of train traffic safety and significantly reducing the operational costs of maintaining freight cars