bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective randomized comparative study of the effect of pemafibrate add‐on or double statin dose on small dense low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia on statin therapy
Authors: Hirano Tsutomu , Hayashi Toshiyuki , Sugita Hiroe , Tamasawa Atsuko , Goto Satoshi , Tomoyasu Masako , Yamamoto Takeshi , Ohara Makoto , Terasaki Michishige , Kushima Hideki , Ito Yasuki , Yamagishi Sho‐ichi , Mori Yusaku 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAims/IntroductionSmall dense low‐density lipoprotein (sdLDL) is a more potent atherogenic lipoprotein than LDL. As sdLDL‐cholesterol (C) levels are determined by triglyceride and LDL‐C levels, pemafibrate and statins can reduce sdLDL‐C levels. However, it remains unclear whether adding pemafibrate or increasing statin doses would more effectively reduce sdLDL‐C levels in patients receiving statin therapy.Materials and MethodsA total of 97 patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia who were treated with statins were randomly assigned to the pemafibrate 0.2 mg/day addition or statin dose doubled, and followed for 12 weeks. sdLDL‐C was measured by our established homogenous assay.ResultsThe percentage and absolute reductions of sdLDL‐C levels were significantly greater in the pemafibrate add‐on group than the statin doubling group (−32.8 vs −8.1%; −16 vs −3 mg/dL, respectively). Triglyceride levels were reduced only in the pemafibrate add‐on group (−44%), and LDL‐C levels were reduced only in the statin doubling group (−8%), whereas levels of non‐high‐density lipoprotein‐C and apolipoprotein B were similarly decreased (7–9%) in both groups. The absolute reductions of sdLDL‐C levels were closely associated with decreased triglyceride, LDL‐C, non‐high‐density lipoprotein‐C and apolipoprotein B. In the subgroup analysis, the effect of pemafibrate add‐on on sdLDL‐C reductions was observed irrespective of baseline lipid parameters or statin type. No serious adverse effects were observed in both groups.ConclusionsIn patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia, the addition of pemafibrate to a statin is superior to doubling a statin in reducing sdLDL‐C without increasing adverse effects.
Isotretinoin‐associated acne fulminans: A multicentre, retrospective study of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology Task Force on Acne, Rosacea and Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Authors: Dessinioti Clio , Dréno Brigitte , Bettoli Vincenzo , Vural Secil , Brzezinski Piotr , Nassif Aude , Svensson Åke , Zouboulis Christos C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundAcne fulminans (AF) is a rare severe acne entity. Although occasionally reported, it is unclear whether AF development is associated with oral isotretinoin treatment.ObjectivesTo investigate the occurrence of isotretinoin‐associated AF, clinical characteristics and prognosis at follow‐up.MethodsAn international, multicentre, retrospective study was performed in eight hospitals following the call of the EADV Task Force on Acne, Rosacea and Hidradenitis Suppurativa (ARHS). Characteristics of patients treated with isotretinoin before the development of AF (isotretinoin‐associated acne fulminans, IAF) were compared with non‐IAF (NAF).ResultsForty‐nine patients diagnosed with AF from 2008 to 2022 were included (mean age 16.4 years, SD 2.9, 77.6% male). Αrthralgias/arthritis occurred in 11 patients (22.9%). AF occurred without any previous acne treatment in 26.5% of the patients. Overall, 28 patients (57.1%) developed AF after oral isotretinoin intake (IAF group), while the remaining 21 patients (42.9%) developed AF without previous oral isotretinoin administration (NAF group). IAF occurred after a median duration of isotretinoin treatment of 45 days (IQR: 30, 90). Patients with IAF were more frequently male compared to patients with NAF (89.3% vs. 61.9%, respectively, p = 0.023). There were no differences in patients with IAF versus NAF in patient age, the duration of pre‐existing acne, a family history of AF, the distribution of AF lesions or the presence of systemic symptoms or arthralgias. Regarding the management of AF, patients with IAF were treated more frequently with prednisolone (96.2%) compared to those with NAF (70%; p = 0.033) and less frequently with isotretinoin (32.1%) compared to NAF (85.7%; p < 0.001). At a median follow‐up of 2.2 years, 76.4% of patients were free of AF and scarring was present in all patients.ConclusionsNo specific clinical or demographic characteristics of IAF compared with NAF could be detected, a fact that does not support IAF as a district clinical entity.
Prevalence of subungual melanoma in patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tsiogka Aikaterini , Rubin Adam I. , Gregoriou Stamatios , Soulaidopoulos Stergios , Belyayeva Helena , Rigopoulos Dimitris 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundSubungual melanoma (SUM) is a rare type of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) associated with poor prognosis, while data regarding its prevalence are scarce.ObjectivesWe sought to provide a comprehensive systematic review and meta‐analysis of the prevalence rates of SUM among all types of CMM, considering certain demographic and clinical characteristics.MethodsThe MEDLINE electronic database was searched systematically to identify eligible studies providing prevalence rate estimates of SUM in patients with CMM. Included studies were further analysed to estimate the relative prevalences of SUM according to study design, study years, geographical region and sex distribution.ResultsTwenty‐eight studies met the inclusion criteria. The overall SUM prevalence was 1.9% (95% CI [1.5%–2.3%]). The prevalence of SUM did not differ significantly between population‐ and hospital‐based studies and remained stable over time. However, it was found to be significantly higher in Asians compared to patients of other geographical regions as well as in studies with more men than women compared to those with female preponderance (p < 0.001).ConclusionsIn all, the overall SUM prevalence among all subtypes of CMM was estimated at 1.9%, without significant changes over time, and was found to exhibit significant variability between subgroups of different geographical regions.
First report of spontaneous hepatic fibrosarcoma in a white‐tufted marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) kept in captivity
Authors: Malaga Soraya Kezam , de Souza Balbueno Melina Castilho , Martins Jéssica Amâncio , da Costa Leonardo Dourado , de Sousa Barbosa Maria Luiza , de Paula Coelho Cidéli 
Published: August 2023

AbstractReports of sarcomas in nonhuman primates are scarce and, specifically, primary hepatic sarcomas are rare, as in humans. This is the first report of an aggressive hepatic fibrosarcoma in a young adult Callithrix jacchus. The final postmortem diagnosis was obtained by means of immunohistochemical analysis, which confirmed the tumor histogenesis.
Agrarian change in neoliberal Turkey: Insights from privatization of the sugar industry
Authors: Altaytas Kubra M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the dynamics of neoliberal agrarian restructuring within the Turkish sugar industry, focusing on the 2018 privatization of the Alpullu Sugar Factory. The analysis examines the transformative impact of market dependence and land commodification on relationship of farmers with the agricultural sector. Specifically, it focuses on two significant neoliberal shifts that have altered the dynamics of farming. First, the withdrawal of state support in agricultural markets prompted farmers to diversify their income streams, leading to a transition from sugar beet cultivation to alternative crops and contemplation of urban migration. Second, in the 2000s, farmers, grappling with declining agricultural revenues, increasingly relied on private bank credits as a means of financial security. This shift was propelled by changes in agricultural policy regulations and the dissolution of state‐sponsored credit systems. Employing a blend of qualitative and quantitative research methods, this study elucidated these complex transformations and their profound impact on agrarian livelihoods, land ownership shifts, production strategies and market relationships. The research revealed the complex interplay of social, economic and historical dynamics steering the trajectory of the Turkish sugar industry, providing valuable insights into neoliberal restructuring.
Occurrence of Temporomandibular Disorders among patients undergoing treatment for Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome (OSAS) using Mandibular Advancement Device (MAD): A Systematic Review conducted according to PRISMA guidelines and the Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions
Authors: Langaliya Akshayraj , Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Hegde Usha , Panakaje Mangesh Shenoy , Cervino Gabriele , Minervini Giuseppe 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients undergoing mandibular advancement device (MAD) therapy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may experience changes in jaw position and altered occlusion. This could potentially contribute to the development or exacerbation of TMD symptoms. The literature on the long‐term impact of MAD treated for OSA on TMD is scarce. Hence, this review was undertaken to ascertain the occurrence of TMD in MAD users.MethodsA comprehensive search protocol was implemented across several online databases using MeSH keywords and Boolean operators. A standardised data extraction form was developed specifically for this review. Two reviewers independently extracted the data. RoB‐2 was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies.ResultsA total of 13 clinical studies were selected for this review. Some studies reported a significant reduction in the severity and frequency of TMD symptoms following MAD treatment. However, other studies did not observe significant changes in TMD symptoms or TMJ‐related parameters from baseline to follow‐up intervals. Temporary increases in TMJ‐related pain or symptoms at the beginning of the follow‐up period, which later subsided, were reported in some studies. Overall, MAD was not discontinued in any OSA patient due to TMDs.ConclusionThe findings reveal that different outcomes associated with TMD are affected differently by MAD treatment for OSAS. According to a few studies, MAD therapy significantly reduced the severity and frequency of TMD symptoms. Other research, however, found no appreciable modifications in TMD symptoms or TMJ‐related indicators. Although the overall results point to no significant effect of MAD treatment on TMD symptoms, the disparity in results between studies highlights the need for additional studies using standardised approaches.
Microbiome analysis of circulating bacterial extracellular vesicles in obsessive‐compulsive disorder
Authors: Kang Jee In , Seo Jun Ho , Park Chun Il , Kim Shin Tae , Kim Yoon‐Keun , Jang Jung‐Kyu , Kwon Cheol‐O , Jeon Sumoa , Kim Hae Won , Kim Se Joo 
Published: August 2023

AimThe present study examined the microbiome abundance and composition of drug‐naive or drug‐free patients with obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) compared with healthy controls. In addition, in the OCD group, the microbiome composition was compared between early‐onset and late‐onset OCD.MethodsSerum samples were collected from 89 patients with OCD and 107 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. Bacterial DNA was isolated from bacteria‐derived extracellular vesicles in serum and then amplified and quantified using primers specific to the V3‐V4 hypervariable region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. The 16S ribosomal DNA gene amplicon sequencing was performed.ResultsThe pooled estimate showed that α‐diversity was significantly reduced in patients with OCD compared with that in healthy controls (PShannon = 0.00015). In addition, a statistically significant difference was observed in β‐diversity between patients with OCD and healthy controls at the order (P = 0.012), family (P = 0.003), genus (P < 0.001), and species (P = 0.005) levels. In the microbiome composition, Pseudomonas, Caulobacteraceae (f), Streptococcus, Novosphingobium, and Enhydrobacter at the genus level were significantly less prevalent in patients with OCD than in controls. In addition, among patients with OCD, the microbial composition in the early‐onset versus late‐onset types was significantly different with respect to the genera Corynebacterium and Pelomonas.ConclusionThe present study showed an aberrant microbiome in patients with OCD, suggesting a role of the microbiota‐brain interaction in the pathophysiology of OCD. Further longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes adjusting for various confounders are warranted.
Diversity of plant‐parasitic nematodes (PPNs) associated with medicinal plants in Vietnam, Vietnamese PPN checklist and a pictorial key for their identification
Authors: Nguyen Huu Tien , Trinh Quang Phap , Nguyen Thi Duyen , Le Thi Mai Linh , Bert Wim 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPlant‐parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are one of the most damaging pests to plants and are able to cause significant damage to all parts of plants, including stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and roots. Studies on the diversity, host range, distribution and identification methods of PPNs are therefore vital in order to create a basis for management. This current study represents the first dedicated investigation of PPNs from medicinal plants in Vietnam, focusing on the diversity of nematodes associated with 23 different plant species. In combination with a literature review of PPNs in Vietnam, this work has resulted in an updated list of 217 PPN species belonging to 40 genera, 15 families and three orders and also provides a pictorial online key for the identification of 52 most common and important PPN genera of the world. This key is based on the most crucial diagnostic features of PPN females, including female body shape, cuticle, labial shape, cephalic framework, stylet, stylet base, pharynx, median bulb, pharyngeal gland, vulva, tail shape and phasmid. Pictorial representations of these genera and their diagnostic characters are included in the browser‐based key to benefit users from all levels in nematology, be they beginners or experts.
The physiology of drought stress in two grapevine cultivars: Photosynthesis, antioxidant system, and osmotic regulation responses
Authors: Lin YiLing , Liu Siyu , Fang Xiang , Ren Yanhua , You Zhijie , Xia Jiaxin , Hakeem Abdul , Yang Yuxian , Wang Lingyu , Fang Jinggui , Shangguan Lingfei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDrought stress impedes viticultural plant growth and development by modifying various metabolic pathways. However, the regulatory network response underlying drought stress is not yet clear. In this study, the leaves and roots of “Shine Muscat” (“SM,” Vitis labruscana × Vitis vinifera) and “Thompson Seedless” (“TS,” V. vinifera L. cv.) were subjected to drought stress to study the regulatory network used by drought stress. Morphophysiological results showed that the malondialdehyde content after 28 days of drought stress increased more significantly in “TS” than “SM.” Furthermore, the multiomics analysis studies showed that a total of 3036–6714 differentially expressed genes and 379–385 differentially abundant metabolites were identified in “SM” and “TS” grapevine cultivars under drought stress. Furthermore, the retained intron was the major form of differential alternative splicing event under drought stress. The photosynthesis pathway, antioxidant system, plant hormone signal transduction, and osmotic adjustment were the primary response systems in the two grapevine cultivars under drought stress. We have identified GRIK1, RFS2, and LKR/SDH as the hub genes in the coexpression network of drought stress. In addition, the difference in the accumulation of pheophorbide‐a reveals different drought resistance mechanisms in the two grapevine cultivars. Our study explained the difference in drought response between cultivars and tissues and identified drought stress‐responsive genes, which provides reference data for further understanding the regulatory network of drought tolerance in grapevine.
Long‐term stability of respiratory sinus arrhythmia among adults with and without a history of depression
Authors: Seidman Andrew J. , Bylsma Lauren M. , Yang Xiao , Jennings J. Richard , George Charles J. , Kovacs Maria 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRespiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is an index of parasympathetic nervous system activity reflecting respiratory influences on heart rate. This influence is typically measured as high frequency heart rate variability (HF‐HRV) or root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) of adjacent inter‐beat intervals. Examining the long‐term stability of its measurement is important as levels of resting RSA have been conceptualized as a marker of individual differences; in particular, of an individual's autonomic regulation and affect‐related processes, including emotion regulation. At present, it is not known if resting RSA levels reflect stable differences over a long‐term period (i.e., >1 year). Even less is known about how RSA stability differs as a function of depression history and whether it relates to depression risk trajectories. In the present study, we examined the 1.5‐year test–retest reliability of resting RSA using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) in 82 adults: n = 41 with a history of depression (ever‐depressed); n = 41 controls with no depression history (never‐depressed). HF‐HRV was fairly stable in both groups (ever‐depressed ICC = 0.55, never‐depressed ICC = 0.54). RMSSD was also fairly stable in ever‐depressed adults (ICC = 0.57) and never‐depressed controls (ICC = 0.40). ICC values for both indices did not differ between groups per overlapping 95% confidence intervals. Therefore, RSA stability as assessed by both frequency (HF‐HRV) and time domain (RMSSD) measures was not attenuated by a depression history. Implications and the need for future research are discussed.
Decline in forced vital capacity as a surrogate for mortality in patients with pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Maher Toby M. , Stowasser Susanne , Voss Florian , Bendstrup Elisabeth , Kreuter Michael , Martinez Fernando J. , Sime Patricia J. , Stock Christian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveSurrogate endpoints enable determination of meaningful treatment effects more efficiently than applying the endpoint of ultimate interest. We used data from trials of nintedanib in subjects with pulmonary fibrosis to assess decline in forced vital capacity (FVC) as a surrogate for mortality.MethodsData from the nintedanib and placebo groups of trials in subjects with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, other forms of progressive pulmonary fibrosis, and pulmonary fibrosis due to systemic sclerosis (NCT00514683, NCT01335464, NCT01335477, NCT01979952, NCT02999178, NCT02597933) were pooled. Using joint models for longitudinal and time‐to‐event data, we assessed the association between decline in FVC % predicted and time to death over 52 weeks. The rate of change in FVC % predicted and the current value of FVC % predicted were modelled longitudinally and estimates applied as predictors in time‐to‐event models.ResultsAmong 2583 subjects with pulmonary fibrosis, both a greater rate of decline in FVC % predicted and a lower current value of FVC % predicted were associated with an increased risk of death over 52 weeks (HR 1.79 [95% CI: 1.57, 2.03] and HR 1.24 [1.17, 1.32] per 5‐percentage point decrease, respectively). Associations between the rate of change in FVC % predicted and the risk of death were consistent between patients with IPF and other ILDs.ConclusionData from clinical trials in subjects with pulmonary fibrosis of diverse aetiology demonstrate a strong association between decline in FVC % predicted and mortality over 52 weeks, supporting FVC decline as a surrogate for mortality in these patients.
Longitudinal effects of FTO gene polymorphism on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, inflammatory markers, and cardiovascular risk in children and adolescents. “The UP & DOWN study”
Authors: Mier‐Mota Julián , Ponce‐González Jesús G. , Perez‐Bey Alejandro , Cabanas‐Sánchez Verónica , Veiga‐Núñez Oscar , Santiago‐Dorrego Catalina , Gómez‐Gallego Félix , Castro‐Piñero José 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe role of polymorphism rs9939609 of the FTO gene has been related with fat mass and cardiovascular risk in adults, but it remains unclear in children and adolescents. Hence, the main aim of this study was to determine the FTO polymorphism effects on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), physical activity (PA), inflammatory markers, and cardiovascular risk both in cross‐sectional analysis and after two‐years of follow‐up in children and adolescents. A total of 2129 participants were included in this study. The rs9939609 polymorphism was genotyped. Body composition measurements, CRF, and moderate‐to‐vigorous PA (MVPA) were determined at baseline and after two‐year of follow‐up. Moreover, plasma leptin and adiponectin were also determined as inflammatory markers. Furthermore, an index of cardiovascular disease risk factors (CVDRF‐I) was calculated. Codominant (TT vs. TA vs. AA) and dominant (AA+AT vs. TT) models were applied for statistical analysis. The results showed a main effect of the FTO genotype on body composition measures in both first and third year (p < 0.05), with lower adiposity in TT compared with AA or AA+AT group. These differences were maintained after accounting for pubertal maturity, sex, age, VO2max, and MVPA. Moreover, lower leptin level was observed in TT compared to AA+AT group in the third year. An interaction in Gene*Time*Sex was found in height and neck circumference in dominant model (p = 0.047; p = 0.020, respectively). No differences were found in CRF, MVPA nor CVDRF‐I between groups. Hence, homozygous TT allele could be a protective factor against weight gain from early childhood.
Survey of blood collection and transfusion practices among institutions in Africa
Authors: Jacobs Jeremy W. , Stephens Laura D. , Milner Danny A. , Bloch Evan M. , Goel Ruchika , Tobian Aaron A. R. , Shibemba Aaron Lunda , Eichbaum Quentin ,   the Vanderbilt Pathology Program in Global Health (VPPIGH)
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionDramatic improvements in blood transfusion have occurred during the last two decades. Transfusion medicine services and practices in Africa remain underexplored.MethodsA survey of blood bank/transfusion medicine (BBTM) practices, available blood products, blood product source(s), pre‐transfusion testing, and blood donor infectious disease testing methodologies across Africa was performed using the American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP) listserv. Survey recipients included hospital‐based laboratories/blood banks, national transfusion medicine services, and free‐standing laboratories (collectively referred to as institutions).ResultsResponses from a total of 81 institutions across 22 countries were analyzed. All 81 institutions provide at least one type of blood product—whole blood, red blood cells (RBCs), platelets, plasma, and cryoprecipitate, with whole blood (90.1%, 73 of 81) and RBCs (79.0%, 64 of 81) most common, while cryoprecipitate is least common (12.4%, 10 of 81). Only five countries had a responding institution that provides all types of products. Among institutions that collect blood onsite, the most common sources of blood products are patients' family members (94.1%, 48 of 51) and pre‐screened on‐demand volunteer donors (82.4%, 42 of 51). The most commonly screened infectious agents are HIV and hepatitis B virus (both 81.5%), while 70.4% (57 of 81) test for hepatitis C virus (HCV) and Treponema pallidum.DiscussionThis study highlights significant variability and restrictions in blood product availability, pre‐transfusion testing, and blood donor infectious disease testing across Africa. Further studies are needed to ascertain barriers to improving blood donor availability, blood product safety, and infectious disease testing.