bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of fake news on social networks during COVID-19 pandemic in Spain
Authors: Macarrón Máñez María Teresa , Moreno Cano Antonia , Díez Fernando 
Published: March 2023

Purpose
The pandemic has enhanced the global phenomenon of disinformation. This paper aims to study the false news concerning COVID-19, spread through social media in Spain, by using the LatamChequea database for a duration from 01/22/2020, when the first false information has been detected, up to 03/09/2021.

Design/methodology/approach
A quantitative analysis has been conducted with regard to the correlation between fake news stories and the pandemic state, the motive to share them, their dissemination in other countries and the effectiveness of fact checking. This study is complemented by a qualitative method: a focus group conducted with representatives of different groups within the society.

Findings
Fake news has been primarily disseminated through several social networks at the same time, with two peaks taking place in over a half of the said false stories. The first took place from March to April of 2020 during complete lockdown, and we were informed of prevention measures, the country’s situation and the origin of the virus, whereas the second was related to news revolving around the coming vaccines, which occurred between October and November. The audience tends to neither cross-check the information received nor report fake news to competent authorities, and fact-checking methods fail to stop their spread. Further awareness and digital literacy campaigns are thus required in addition to more involvement from governments and technological platforms.

Research limitations/implications
The main limitation of the research is the fact that it was only possible to conduct a focus group of five individuals who do not belong to generation Z due to the restrictions imposed by the pandemic, although a clear contribution to the analysis of the impact of fake news on social networks during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain can be seen from the privileged experiences in each of the fields of work that were identified. In this sense, the results of the study are not generalizable to a larger population. On the other hand, and with a view to future research, it would be advisable to carry out a more specific study of how fake news affects generation Z.

Originality/value
This research is original in nature, and the findings of this study are valuable for business practitioners and scholars, brand marketers, social media platform owners, opinion leaders and policymakers.
Traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the internal iliac artery following bone marrow aspiration in a child: An extremely rare complication of a very common procedure
Authors: McLaughlin Aden , Gibson Craig , Ryan Anne , Roebuck Derek 
Published: March 2023

SummaryPresented here is a very rare and potentially life‐threatening complication of a very common procedure. Vascular injury with traumatic pseudoaneurysm following BMAT in a paediatric patient has only been reported once in the literature to the best of our knowledge. Presented here is a second case, with pathognomonic imaging findings on CT that underwent successful coil embolisation.
COVID‐19 outcomes in patients with and without autoimmune rheumatic diseases: A multicenter comparative study
Authors: Abdulnaby Nasser K. , Gamal Sherif M. , Alkemary Alkhateeb , Abdo Marwa , Sabry Irene M. , Belita Mohamed I. , Mohamed Sally S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and objectivePeople with rheumatic diseases are particularly concerned with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. Our work aimed to study the impact of pre‐existing autoimmune rheumatic disease (AIRD) and its immunosuppressive drugs on COVID‐19 severity and outcome.Patients and methodsThis is a multicenter case‐control study performed between September 2020 and February 2021 on 130 adults with COVID‐19, including 66 patients with AIRD and 64 without AIRD, who served as a control group.ResultsRegarding COVID‐19 clinical manifestations; diarrhea, fatigue, and headache were found with significantly higher frequency in the AIRD group while a higher frequency of cough was found in the control group. Comparing COVID‐19 complications, only septic shock was significantly higher in the AIRD group (P = 0.013). Both groups were treated with similar COVID‐19 drugs except for tocilizumab and anticoagulants, which were statistically significantly more frequently used in the control group (P < 0.001 for both). No statistically significant difference was found between the groups in the outcome or severity of COVID‐19. There was no impact of previous immunosuppressive drugs before COVID‐19 on the severity of the disease except for a longer duration of recovery in patients on steroids (P < 0.001). Patients with hypertension had severe COVID‐19 compared with those without (odds ratio 2.8, 95% confidence interval 1.2‐6.9; P = 0.020).ConclusionAIRD may not affect COVID‐19 severity and outcome. Similarly, immunosuppressive medications had no effect; except that patients on systemic steroids had longer duration for recovery. Comorbid conditions, such as hypertension, may be associated with more severe COVID‐19 disease course.
Long‐term follow‐up of persistent pulmonary subsolid nodules: Natural course of pure, heterogeneous, and real part‐solid ground‐glass nodules
Authors: Zhang Zhedong , Zhou Lixin , Min Xianjun , Li Hao , Qi Qingyi , Sun Chao , Sun Kunkun , Yang Fan , Li Xiao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have suggested the applicability of three classifications of subsolid nodules (SSNs). However, few studies have unraveled the natural history of the three types of SSNs.MethodsA retrospective study from two medical centers between November 2007 and November 2017 was conducted to explore the long‐term follow‐up results of three different types of SSNs, which were divided into pure ground‐glass nodules (pGGNs), heterogeneous ground‐glass nodules (hGGNs), and real part‐solid nodules (rPSNs).ResultsA total of 306 consecutive patients, including 361 SSNs with long‐term follow‐up, were reviewed. The median growth times of pGGNs, hGGNs, and rPSNs were 7.7, 6.0, and 2.0 years, respectively. For pGGNs, the median period of development into rPSNs was 4.6 years, while that of hGGNs was 1.8 years, and the time from pGGNs to hGGNs was 3.1 years (p < 0.05). In SSNs with an initial lung window consolidation tumor ratio (LW‐CTR) >0.5 and mediastinum window (MW)‐CTR >0.2, all cases with growth were identified within 5 years. Meanwhile, in SSNs whose LW‐CTR and MW‐CTR were 0, it took over 5 years to detect nodular growth. Pathologically, 90.6% of initial SSNs with LW‐CTR >0 were invasive carcinomas (invasive adenocarcinoma and micro‐invasive adenocarcinoma). Among patients with rPSNs in the initial state, 100.0% of the final pathological results were invasive carcinoma. Cox regression showed that age (p = 0.038), initial maximal diameter (p < 0.001), and LW‐CTR (p = 0.002) were independent risk factors for SSN growth.ConclusionspGGNs, hGGNs, and rPSNs have significantly different natural histories. Age, initial nodule diameter, and LW‐CTR are important risk factors for SSN growth.
Collaboration for Evidence‐based Practice and Research in Anaesthesia (CEPRA): A consortium initiative for perioperative research
Authors: Nørskov Anders Kehlet , Jakobsen Janus Christian , Afshari Arash , Bisgaard Jannie , Geisler Anja , Hägi‐Pedersen Daniel , Lange Kai Henrik Wiborg , Lundstrøm Lars Hyldborg , Lunn Troels Haxholdt , Maagaard Mathias , Møller Ann Merete , Nedergaard Helene Korvenius , Nikolajsen Lone , Olsen Markus Harboe , Juhl‐Olsen Peter , Rasmussen Bodil Steen , Vested Matias , Vester‐Andersen Morten , Wikkelsø Anne , Mathiesen Ole ,   The CEPRA collaboration group
Published: March 2023

AbstractEvidence in perioperative care is insufficient. There is an urgent need for large perioperative research programmes, including pragmatic randomised trials, testing daily clinical treatments and unanswered question, thereby providing solid evidence for effects of interventions given to a large and growing number of patients undergoing surgery and anaesthesia. This may be achieved through large collaborations. Collaboration for Evidence‐based Practice and Research in Anaesthesia (CEPRA) is a novel collaborative research network founded to pursue evidence‐based answers to major clinical questions in perioperative medicine. The aims of CEPRA are to (1) improve clinical treatment and outcomes and optimise the use of resources for patients undergoing anaesthesia and perioperative care, and (2) disseminate results and inform caretakers, patients and relatives, and policymakers of evidence‐based treatments in anaesthesia and perioperative medicine. CEPRA is inclusive in its concept. We aim to extend our collaboration with all relevant clinical collaborators and patient associations and representatives. Although initiated in Denmark, CEPRA seeks to develop an international network infrastructure, for example, with other Nordic countries. The work of CEPRA will follow the highest methodological standards. The organisation aims to structure and optimise any element of the research collaboration to reduce economic costs and harness benefits from well‐functioning research infrastructure. This includes successive continuation of trials, harmonisation of outcomes, and alignment of data management systems. This paper presents the initiation and visions of the CEPRA network. CEPRA aims to be inclusive, patient‐focused, methodologically sound, and to optimise all aspects of research logistics. This will translate into faster research conduct, reliable results, and accelerated clinical implementation of results, thereby benefiting millions of patients whilst being cost and labour‐saving.
The Ortolani test has a high positive predictive value in clinical hip screening for developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Maikku M. , Rantala T. , Valkama M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimPrevious studies have not described separate positive predictive values for Ortolani and Barlow tests in clinical hip screening. We aimed to determine the positive predictive values at discharge following birth, in predicting dysplasia or instability in the subsequent hip ultrasound examinations.MethodsWe included all infants with suspected or diagnosed DDH at the study hospital from 2015 to 2017 in this retrospective study. Infants with positive Ortolani or Barlow test after birth were referred for a hip ultrasound, without treatment being started. The positive predictive value of the tests to predict Graf type ≥ IIC morphology, ≥5 mm displacement in a dynamic ultrasound, or either one or both findings at the hip ultrasound examination was calculated.ResultsThere were 33 Ortolani‐positive hips and 103 Barlow‐positive hips in 105 referred infants (30% male) at the screening. They received ultrasound examination at mean 21.7 days of age (SD 4.8, range 11–35). The positive predictive value was 39–61% for the Ortolani test and 4%–16% for the Barlow test depending on the true positive definition.ConclusionThe Ortolani test, performed by a specialist at the maternity ward, has a high positive predictive value for developmental dysplasia of the hip.
Noise in the brain: Transcranial random noise stimulation and perceptual noise act on a stochastic resonance‐like mechanism
Authors: Battaglini Luca , Casco Clara , Fertonani Anna , Miniussi Carlo , Di Ponzio Michele , Vicovaro Michele 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStochastic resonance (SR) is a phenomenon in which a certain amount of random noise added to a weak subthreshold stimulus can enhance signal detectability. It is unknown how external noise interacts with neural noise in producing an SR‐like phenomenon and whether this interaction results in a modulation of either network efficiency or the efficiency of single neurons. Using random dot motion stimuli and noninvasive brain stimulation, we attempted to unveil the specific mechanism of action of the SR‐like phenomenon in motion perception, if present. We aimed to determine whether signal integration efficiency changes with external noise (random dot numerosity) and how electrical transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) can affect the peak performance. The participants performed a coherent motion detection task in which the random dot numerosity varied, whereas the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) remained constant. We applied placebo or tRNS with an amplitude of either 1 or 2 mA during task execution. We found peaks in participants' performance both in the case of placebo stimulation and in the case of 1‐mA tRNS. In the latter case (i.e., with an additional noise source), the peak emerged at lower random dot numerosity levels than when no additional noise was added (placebo). No clear peak was observed with 2‐mA tRNS. An equivalent noise (EN) analysis confirmed that SR arises from a modulation of the network efficiency underlying motion signal integration. These results indicate a joint contribution of external and neural noise (modulated by tRNS) in eliciting an SR‐like phenomenon.
Academic research and knowledge repatriation at the intersection of epistemic and environmental justice in the Caribbean
Authors: Kirby‐Straker Rowie , Johnston Carrie , Shields Kathy , Von Burg Ron 
Published: March 2023

AbstractResearchers from institutions of higher education who conduct studies in the Caribbean often rely on local knowledge and support to produce scientific publications that could inform resource management. However, such research remains largely inaccessible to local communities because of the proprietary nature of the current knowledge ecosystem in academia. This commentary proposes knowledge repatriation as a means of advancing decolonial research efforts within higher education. First, we highlight the intersecting features of epistemic and environmental (in)justice with examples from the Caribbean context and discuss how knowledge repatriation efforts can counter extant environmental and epistemological exploitative practices. Second, we identify how academic institutions are specially positioned to challenge traditional research practices and advance knowledge repatriation. Third, we explore one example of how knowledge repatriation can unfold within a Caribbean context and some related challenges.
Comparison of facilitators and barriers to providing oral hygiene measures in dependent older people and young children: A systematic review
Authors: Hillebrecht Anna‐Lena , Höfer Karolin , Blasi Alicia , Wicht Michael J. , Barbe Anna Greta 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to systematically compare barriers/facilitators providing oral hygiene to young children and dependent older people and to generate ideas to improve the implementation of oral hygiene measures.BackgroundMany older people, like children, rely on third‐party assistance for teeth cleaning. Barriers/facilitators in providing oral care services have been described in recent works. The aim of our study was to compare these results for both groups and to increase knowledge on analogies/differences in barriers/intermediaries.MethodsWe performed a systematic review. Studies reporting on knowledge, attitudes and beliefs acting as barriers/facilitators for provision of teeth cleaning were included. Thematic analysis was used and identified themes translated to domains and constructs of the theoretical domains framework and aligned to the behaviour change wheel. Based on three published reviews in children or older people, our search (PubMed via Medline), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and Web of Science, Google Scholar, last search (21 January 2023) encompassed both populations dated from their last publication (28 February 2018). The review was registered (Prospero, CRD42021278944). For quality assessment, the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used.ResultsSeventeen articles were identified (older people (n = 8), children (n = 9)). Deficits exist for both in terms of “knowledge/skills” among caregivers, with special difficulties in children with challenging behaviour and older people. “Capability” as one of the main elements of behavioural factors that are the basis for behaviour to take place (COM‐B, Capability, Opportunity, Motivation–Behaviour) is most often mentioned for children and “opportunity” for older people.ConclusionsMost of the facilitators and barriers affecting oral care provision in children are also relevant in older people. Approaches for the development of strategies for better implementation of oral hygiene measures in older people are presented.
Purification of heterooligosaccharides by microbial treatment and nanofiltration
Authors: Pruksasri Suwattana , Nguyen Thu‐Ha , Novalin Senad , Haltrich Dietmar 
Published: March 2023

SummaryVarious methods can be applied for the purification of oligosaccharides such as galactooligosaccharides (GOS), fructooligosaccharides (FOS) or heterooligosaccharides (HOS). In the present work, two methods (microbial treatment and nanofiltration (NF)) for purification of an enzymatically synthesised HOS mixture were investigated and compared. With the microbial fermentation, the monosaccharides including glucose, galactose and N‐acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) could be completely removed whereas lactose was only partially consumed. However, ethanol and acetate were produced as the result of microbial fermentation, which may be considered as an additional problem. The purification yield and the purity of the resulting HOS mixture were 79.4 and 59.3%, respectively. Applying NF with a molecular weight cut‐off (MWCO) of 400 Dalton, the yield and the purity of the HOS mixture were 78.0 and 54.9%, respectively. The resulting product mixture (retentate) obtained after nanofiltration is significantly more concentrated than that of fermentation (257 vs. 106 g L−1 of HOS), however, GlcNAc could not be removed.
Deprivation of Furusato: The damage faced by evacuees after the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident
Authors: Seki Reiko 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper considers the damage caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake and the meaning of the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant accident, and reflects on the evacuees' experiences over past 12 years. During this time, several lawsuits demanding the clarification of responsibility for the accident and compensation for damages have been filed against TEPCO (Tokyo Electric Power Company) and the Japanese Government. The “loss and transformation of hometowns (furusato in Japanese)” has become one of the key issues in these lawsuits. While the casees were being litigated, the mandated “evacuation designated zones” were gradually lifted. Even in the “Difficult‐to‐Return Areas” where annual integrated doses of radioactive substances are over 50 mSv and evacuation orders are still in effect, efforts are being made to lift the evacuation orders. Because they were forced to leave their places of residence, evacuees have claimed, “we lost oue furusato [hometown].” However, because they are able to return after evacuation orders are lifted, both TEPCO and the Japanese Government have insisted that “their furusato has not been lost” and “they cannot claim compensation for furusato damages.” In this paper, I call the irreversible and absolute damage caused by the nuclear power plant accident “the deprivation of furusato.” I look at furusato from three aspects: the relationship between people and nature, the connection between people, and notions of persistence and sustainability. Then, I discuss what kind of reconstruction is being promoted to respond to the deprivation of furusato and for whom.
The role of trichoscopy beyond hair and scalp diseases: A review
Authors: Rudnicka Lidia , Chrostowska Sylwia , Kamiński Mateusz , Waśkiel‐Burnat Anna , Michalczyk Agnieszka , Rakowska Adriana , Olszewska Małgorzata 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTrichoscopy is a diagnostic tool for hair and scalp diseases. It was recently shown that it also allows the identification of features associated with disorders that typically do not affect the scalp. The aim of this article was to analyse and outline the usefulness of trichoscopy in suspecting such diseases. Connective tissue diseases were the most investigated systemic disorders in regard to trichoscopy. The most common features of systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis and dermatomyositis are thick arborizing and tortuous vessels. Avascular areas are present in systemic sclerosis. Spermatozoa‐like vessels may be observed in cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas, while salmon‐coloured areas with arborizing and linear vessels may be seen in patients with cutaneous B‐cell lymphomas. In patients with advanced multiple myeloma, follicular spicules may be observed. Trichoscopic features of angiosarcomas include pink areas, red, polymorphic areas and dark red to purple areas. Polymorphous vessels and whitish areas on a pink background are the predominating trichoscopic features of metastases of malignant tumours to the scalp. Cutaneous sarcoidosis is characterized by orange‐coloured areas and telangiectasias. Systemic amyloidosis may manifest with salmon‐coloured perifollicular halos, while the most common trichoscopic features of syphilitic alopecia are as follows: decreased number of hairs per follicular unit, vellus hairs, background erythema, focal atrichia and yellow dots. In conclusion, dermatologists may suspect some systemic diseases on the basis of trichoscopic findings.
Similar local recurrence and survival in patients withT1radial growth phase melanoma on head and neck treated with 5 or 10 mm margins: A retrospective study
Authors: Maurichi Andrea , Barretta Francesco , Patuzzo Roberto , Miceli Rosalba , Gallino Gianfranco , Mattavelli Ilaria , Leva Andrea , Harwood Catherine , Bergamaschi Daniele , Borg Tiffanie‐Marie , Shimonovitz‐Moore Michal , Spadola Giuseppe , Tolomio Elena , Barbieri Consuelo , Queirolo Paola , Manganoni Ausilia Maria , Pellacani Giovanni , Espeli Vittoria , Mangas Cristina , Leoni‐Parvex Sandra , Cossa Mara , Belotti Alessia , Valeri Barbara , Cortinovis Umberto , Santinami Mario 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundMelanoma guidelines recommend surgical excision with 10 mm margins for T1 melanomas (invasive melanomas with Breslow thickness ≤1 mm), including those in radial growth phase, which are without metastatic potential; however, such margins may be problematic on head‐and‐neck.ObjectiveWe compared outcomes of wide (10 mm margins) versus narrow (5 mm margins) excisions in patients with radial growth phase T1 melanoma on head‐and‐neck including face.MethodsWe retrospectively examined 610 consecutive patients excised with wide versus narrow margins, from 2001 to 2018, at six European centres. In all cases, radial growth phase, and clear margins with 5 or 10 mm of clearance, were ascertained histologically. Multivariable models investigated associations of margins and other factors with overall survival and local recurrence.ResultsThree hundred and sixteen (51.8%) patients received wide excision, 219 (69.3%) with primary wound closure, 97 (30.7%) with reconstruction; 294 (48.2%) patients received narrow excision, 264 (89.8%) with primary wound closure, 30 (10.2%) with reconstruction (p < 0.001). Median follow‐ups were 88 months (wide) and 187 months (narrow) (inter‐quartile ranges 43–133 and 79–206, respectively). Ten‐year overall survival (95% confidence interval) was 96.7% (94.2%–99.3%) in wide and 98.2% (96.4%–100%) in narrow patients. Ten‐year local recurrence incidence was 6.4% (4.1%–10.1%) in wide and 7.8% (5.3%–11.6%) in narrow groups. Lentigo maligna melanoma subtype appeared associated with increased risk of local recurrence in narrow versus wide patients (15.0% vs. 7.5%;p = 0.190).ConclusionsNarrower excision margins for T1 radial growth phase melanoma are not associated with worse overall survival (hazard ratio 0.97,p = 0.996) or increased local recurrence (subdistribution hazard ratio: 0.87;p = 0.751) compared to wider margins, and may be safely applied to such lesions, although caution may be required in the presence of lentigo maligna melanoma.