bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the shape and the distribution of cells on the effective thermal conductivity of polyurethane foam
Authors: Hermama C. , Bensiali B. , Lahbabi S. , El Maliki A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo design foams with specific properties, it is important to be able to predict their effective properties. The objective of this study is to compare and quantify the effect of the geometrical parameters on the thermal properties. Then the study uses both analytical and numerical homogenization methods to connect micro‐scale parameters to the macro‐scale thermal behavior. Several statistical studies of the morphology have been used to model the different categories of PU foams. The foam is modeled by a periodic structure of open, closed, or mixed cells. For each type of cell, different idealized shapes of a single cell are used, while keeping a constant porosity for each category. In the case of mixed cells, the effect of the relative positioning of cells is investigated. The results show that the effective thermal conductivity is considerably impacted by the cell shape. Moreover, the geometrical modeling of the struts, in the heuristic modeling, has also an important effect. Furthermore, the relative position of gas cavities, in the spherical representation, influences the effective thermal conductivity. However, the distribution of open and closed cells, in the case of mixed cell foam, has a limited effect.
Large‐scale blending in an hourly 4D‐Var framework for a numerical weather prediction model
Authors: Milan Marco , Clayton Adam , Lorenc Andrew , Macpherson Bruce , Tubbs Robert , Dow Gareth 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Met Office limited‐area model (LAM) data assimilation (DA) system is based on an hourly 4D‐Var method with lateral boundary conditions (LBCs) provided by the Met Office global model (GM). This set‐up was introduced operationally in summer 2017. The work presented here improved the representation of large‐scale dynamics in the LAM DA, which is now integrated on an extended domain and therefore also needs to represent larger scales than were present in 2017. To improve the representation of the large‐scale motions in the convective‐scale system, we choose to take advantage of the better estimation of these scales from the host model. The method presented here is called large‐scale blending (LSB), a spectral nudging solution which is applied to the Met Office LAM (UKV). Spectral nudging allows the LAM evolution to be constrained by a host model with a better representation of the larger scales while preserving the smaller scales predicted by the LAM. In this article, we investigate different options for the implementation of LSB, such as cut‐off wavelength and update frequency. The LAM forecast is typically improved for various variables over a forecast range from about to by the introduction of LSB. We also see a reduction in the internal gravity‐wave activity generated when new lateral boundary conditions are introduced to the LAM from the latest GM forecast. This research proves the benefits of a better representation of large‐scale motions for LAM forecasts.
Flow‐dependent wind extraction in strong‐constraint 4D‐Var
Authors: Zaplotnik Žiga , Žagar Nedjeljka , Semane Noureddine 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the process of data assimilation for numerical weather prediction, biases in the model and observations can induce spurious analysis increments, which degrade the quality of the analyses. For this reason, the feedback of atmospheric composition (e.g., ozone and aerosols) observations on winds through dynamical adjustment is typically disabled in operational 4D‐Var assimilation. This study investigates whether an increasing number of tracer observations could be exploited to constrain winds better in 4D‐Var. For an idealized case study using analytical strong‐constraint 4D‐Var with the 1D advection model of Allen et al. and accurate background tracer field, it is shown that coupled wind–tracer assimilation always improves the tracer analysis. It also improves the wind analysis, but only if the magnitude of the error associated with unrepresented or misrepresented tracer physical forcings is smaller than the magnitude of the difference between the nature‐run advection and the background‐tracer advection. In other words, the model needs to be a good approximation of the truth for successful wind extraction. Based on this criterion, a method for flow‐dependent 4D‐Var wind extraction is developed, which selectively activates the coupling between winds and tracers locally and temporally by altering the tangent‐linear tracer equation and the adjoint wind equation. The new method is implemented in the intermediate‐complexity incremental 4D‐Var model Moist Atmosphere Dynamics Data Assimilation Model (MADDAM) of Zaplotnik et al. Numerical experiments with MADDAM show that the new approach diminishes the occurrence of spurious wind‐analysis increments and can improve the accuracy of wind analyses.
Simultaneous moving horizon estimation and control for nonlinear systems subject to bounded disturbances
Authors: Deniz Nestor , Sanchez Guido , Murillo Marina , Giovanini Leonardo 
Published: May 2023

SummaryIn this work, we address the output–feedback control problem for nonlinear systems under bounded disturbances using a moving horizon approach. The controller is posed as an optimisation‐based problem that simultaneously estimates the state trajectory and computes future control inputs. It minimizes a criterion that involves finite backward and forward horizons with respect to the unknown initial state, measurement noises and control input variables. The main novelty of this work relies on linking the lengths of the forward and backward windows with the closed‐loop stability, assuming detectability and decoding sufficient conditions to assure system stabilizability. It leads to a formulation that does not require to be a Control Lyapunov Function for the terminal cost of the controller. Simulation examples are carried out to compare the performance of solving simultaneously and independently the estimation and control problems. Furthermore, the examples show how the controller influences the length of the estimation window through its gain.
Beliefs about stress moderate the association between COVID‐19‐related work demands and burnout symptoms in physicians
Authors: Wekenborg Magdalena Katharina , von Dawans Bernadette , Gienger Nora Theresa , Wierick Ann , Weitz Jürgen , Dobroschke Jakob Christian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe present study set out to investigate the role of different stress beliefs (positive and negative beliefs about stress, as well as perceived control) on the association between central COVID‐19‐related work demands and burnout symptoms in physicians during the second lockdown of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic. N = 154 practicing physicians (mean [SD] age = 37.21 [9.43] years]; 57.14% female) participated in our cross‐sectional German‐wide online survey and answered questions about sociodemographic factors, their current work situation, their stress beliefs, and their current burnout symptoms. Moderation analyses revealed significant interaction effects between stress beliefs and specific COVID‐19‐related work demands on the prediction of burnout symptoms, most consistent with respect to perceived control. Positive believes about stress and its controllability were cross‐sectional associated with reduced, negative believes about stress however with enhanced associations between COVID‐19‐related work demands and burnout symptoms. This finding indicates, if confirmed by longitudinal research, the potential of the usage of stress beliefs in prevention programs for physicians in order to mitigating negative effects of chronic stress.
Ultrasound Manipulation and Extrusion of Active Nanorods
Authors: Rubio Leonardo Dominguez , Collins Matthew , Sen Ayusman , Aranson Igor S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSynthetic self‐propelled nano and microparticles have a growing appeal for targeted drug delivery, collective functionality, and manipulation at the nanoscale. However, it is challenging to control their positions and orientations under confinement, e.g., in microchannels, nozzles, and microcapillaries. This study reports on the synergistic effect of acoustic and flow‐induced focusing in microfluidic nozzles. In a microchannel with a nozzle, the balance between the acoustophoretic forces and the fluid drag due to streaming flows generated by the acoustic field controls the microparticle's dynamics. This study manipulates the positions and orientations of dispersed particles and dense clusters inside the channel at a fixed frequency by tuning the acoustic intensity. The main findings are: first, this study successfully manipulates the positions and orientations of individual particles and dense clusters inside the channel at a fixed frequency by tuning the acoustic intensity. Second, when an external flow is applied, the acoustic field separates and selectively extrudes shape‐anisotropic passive particles and self‐propelled active nanorods. Finally, the observed phenomena are explained by multiphysics finite‐element modeling. The results shed light on the control and extrusion of active particles in confined geometries and enable applications for acoustic cargo (e.g., drug) delivery, particle injection, and additive manufacturing via printed self‐propelled active particles.
Highly Durable Bidirectional Rotary Triboelectric Nanogenerator with a Self‐Lubricating Texture and Self‐Adapting Contact Synergy for Wearable Applications
Authors: Zhang Xin , Liu Mengjiao , Zhang Zhiying , Min Hui , Wang Ci , Hu Guangkai , Yang Tonghui , Luo Shimin , Yu Bin , Huang Tao , Zhu Meifang , Yu Hao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSliding‐freestanding triboelectric nanogenerators (SF‐TENGs) are desirable for application in wearable power sources; however, improving their durability is the primary challenge. Meanwhile, few studies focus on enhancing the service life of tribo‐materials, especially from an anti‐friction perspective during dry operation. Herein, for the first time, a surface‐textured film with self‐lubricating property is introduced into the SF‐TENG as a tribo‐material, which is obtained by the self‐assembly of hollow SiO2 microspheres (HSMs) close to a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface under vacuum conditions. The PDMS/HSMs film with micro‐bump topography simultaneously reduces the dynamic coefficient of friction from 1.403 to 0.195 and increases the electrical output of SF‐TENG by an order of magnitude. Subsequently, a textured film and self‐adapting contact synergized bidirectional rotary TENG (TAB‐TENG) is developed, and the superiorities of the soft flat rotator with bidirectional reciprocating rotation are systematically investigated. The obtained TAB‐TENG exhibits a remarkable output stability and an outstanding mechanical durability over 350 000 cycles. Furthermore, a smart foot system for stepping energy harvesting and wireless walking states monitoring is realized. This study proposes a pioneering strategy for extending the lifetime of SF‐TENGs and advances it toward practical wearable applications.
Ultrathin Crystalline Silicon Nano and Micro Membranes with High Areal Density for Low‐Cost Flexible Electronics
Authors: Lee Ju Young , Shin Jongwoon , Kim Kyubeen , Ju Jeong Eun , Dutta Ankan , Kim Tae Soo , Cho Young Uk , Kim Taemin , Hu Luhing , Min Won Kyung , Jung Hyun‐Suh , Park Young Sun , Won Sang Min , Yeo Woon‐Hong , Moon Jooho , Khang Dahl‐Young , Kim Hyun Jae , Ahn Jong‐Hyun , Cheng Huanyu , Yu Ki Jun , Rogers John A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUltrathin crystalline silicon is widely used as an active material for high‐performance, flexible, and stretchable electronics, from simple passive and active components to complex integrated circuits, due to its excellent electrical and mechanical properties. However, in contrast to conventional silicon wafer‐based devices, ultrathin crystalline silicon‐based electronics require an expensive and rather complicated fabrication process. Although silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) wafers are commonly used to obtain a single layer of crystalline silicon, they are costly and difficult to process. Therefore, as an alternative to SOI wafers‐based thin layers, here, a simple transfer method is proposed for printing ultrathin multiple crystalline silicon sheets with thicknesses between 300 nm to 13 µm and high areal density (>90%) from a single mother wafer. Theoretically, the silicon nano/micro membrane can be generated until the mother wafer is completely consumed. In addition, the electronic applications of silicon membranes are successfully demonstrated through the fabrication of a flexible solar cell and flexible NMOS transistor arrays.
Quenching Detrimental Reactions and Boosting Hole Extraction via Multifunctional NiOx/Perovskite Interface Passivation for Efficient and Stable Inverted Solar Cells
Authors: Jiang Zhengyan , Wang Deng , Sun Jiayun , Hu Bihua , Zhang Luozheng , Zhou Xianyong , Wu Jiawen , Hu Hang , Zhang Jiyao , Choy Wallace C. H. , Xu Baomin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNickel oxide (NiOx) is one of the most promising hole transport materials for inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, its application is severely restrained due to unfavorable interfacial reactions and insufficient charge carrier extraction. Herein, a multifunctional modification at the NiOx/perovskite interface is developed via introducing fluorinated ammonium salt ligand to synthetically solve the obstacles. Specifically, the interface modification can chemically convert detrimental Ni≥3+ to lower oxidation state, resulting in the elimination of interfacial redox reactions. Meanwhile, interfacial dipole is incorporated simultaneously to tune the work function of NiOx and optimize energy level alignment, which effectively promotes the charge carrier extraction. Therefore, the modified NiOx‐based inverted PSCs achieve a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.93%. Moreover, the unencapsulated devices obtain a significantly enhanced long‐term stability, maintaining over 85% and 80% of the initial PCEs after storage in ambient air with a high relative humidity of 50–60% for 1000 h and continuous operation at maximum power point under one‐sun illumination for 700 h, respectively.
Measuring Spatially‐Resolved Potential Drops at Semiconductor Hetero‐Interfaces Using 4D‐STEM
Authors: Chejarla Varun Shankar , Ahmed Shamail , Belz Jürgen , Scheunert Jonas , Beyer Andreas , Volz Kerstin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCharacterizing long‐range electric fields and built‐in potentials in functional materials at nano to micrometer scales is of supreme importance for optimizing devices, e.g., the functionality of semiconductor hetero‐structures or battery materials is determined by the electric fields established at interfaces which can also vary spatially. In this study, momentum‐resolved four‐dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D‐STEM) is proposed for the quantification of these potentials and the optimization steps required to reach quantitative agreement with simulations for the GaAs/AlAs hetero‐junction model system are shown. Using STEM the differences in the mean inner potentials (∆MIP) of two materials forming an interface and resulting dynamic diffraction effects have to be considered. This study shows that the measurement quality is significantly improved by precession, energy filtering and a off‐zone‐axis alignment of the specimen. Complementary simulations yielding a ∆MIP of 1.3 V confirm that the potential drop due to charge transfer at the intrinsic interface is ≈0.1 V, in agreement with experimental and theoretical values found in literture. These results show the feasibility of accurately measuring built‐in potentials across hetero‐interfaces of real device structures and its promising application for more complex interfaces of other polycrystalline materials on the nanometer scale.
Rebuttal to “(2786) Proposal to change the conserved type of Ipomoea, nom. cons. (Convolvulaceae)”
Authors: Muñoz‐Rodríguez Pablo , Wood John R.I. , Wells Tom , Carruthers Tom , Sumadijaya Alex , Scotland Robert W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA rebuttal to the proposal to change the conserved type of Ipomoea is presented. We argue the proposal is unnecessary and has no basis in evidence or precedent that justifies its approval.
A unique complication: Iatrogenic renal pelvis perforation following accidental urinary catheterisation of an intramural ectopic ureter in a dog
Authors: Woods Glynn , Earley Naomi , Munro Elizabeth , Accino Jorge Perez 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA 5‐month‐old, female, entire golden retriever presented for investigation of urinary incontinence and recent urinary tract infection. While under general anaesthesia, a urinary catheter was placed to fill the bladder, aid accurate visualisation of the ureteral vesicular junction and facilitate a retrograde contrast study. The preliminary computed tomography was deemed unremarkable, and a computed tomography intravenous urethrogram was performed, followed by retrograde of contrast in an attempted vaginourethrogram. The post‐contrast retrograde study highlighted an unusually straight distal right ureter and contrast escaping into the right retroperitoneal space. Contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography supported haemorrhage into the perirenal space, and on retrospective analysis of preliminary pre‐contrast computed tomography sequences, the urinary catheter was identified in the right renal pelvis. Accidental catheterisation of the right intramural ectopic ureter and iatrogenic renal perforation was ultimately concluded. The dog made a full recovery with conservative management and to date has no chronic repercussions of the injury.
A time adaptive multirate Dirichlet–Neumann waveform relaxation method for heterogeneous coupled heat equations
Authors: Meisrimel Peter , Monge Azahar , Birken Philipp 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe consider partitioned time integration for heterogeneous coupled heat equations. First and second order multirate, as well as time‐adaptive Dirichlet‐Neumann Waveform relaxation (DNWR) methods are derived. In 1D and for implicit Euler time integration, we analytically determine optimal relaxation parameters for the fully discrete scheme.We test the robustness of the relaxation parameters on the second order multirate method in 2D. DNWR is shown to be very robust and consistently yielding fast convergence rates, whereas the closely related Neumann‐Neumann Waveform relaxtion (NNWR) method is slower or even diverges.The waveform approach naturally allows for different timesteps in the subproblems. In a performance comparison for DNWR, the time‐adaptive method dominates the multirate method due to automatically finding suitable stepsize ratios. Overall, we obtain a fast, robust, multirate and time adaptive partitioned solver for unsteady conjugate heat transfer.
cPNN: Continuous Progressive Neural Networks for Evolving Streaming Time Series
Authors: Giannini Federico , Ziffer Giacomo , Della Valle Emanuele 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDealing with an unbounded data stream involves overcoming the assumption that data is identically distributed and independent. A data stream can, in fact, exhibit temporal dependencies (i.e., be a time series), and data can change distribution over time (concept drift). The two problems are deeply discussed, and existing solutions address them separately: a joint solution is absent. In addition, learning multiple concepts implies remembering the past (a.k.a. avoiding catastrophic forgetting in Neural Networks’ terminology). This work proposes Continuous Progressive Neural Networks (cPNN), a solution that tames concept drifts, handles temporal dependencies, and bypasses catastrophic forgetting. cPNN is a continuous version of Progressive Neural Networks, a methodology for remembering old concepts and transferring past knowledge to fit the new concepts quickly. We base our method on Recurrent Neural Networks and exploit the Stochastic Gradient Descent applied to data streams with temporal dependencies. Results of an ablation study show a quick adaptation of cPNN to new concepts and robustness to drifts.
New Risk Assessments Due to Climate Change in Metropolitan Peripheral Areas. The Water Shortage Case in the Region IV of the State of México
Authors: Bevilacqua Carmelina , Cepeda Guedea Armando 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA National Risk Assessment is a policy tool encouraged by the OECD since the 2010’s decade to identify and analyse a range of events that can cause a shock in a country and to have adequate preparedness and response measures. As disaster risks are an always-changing phenomenon, especially since the climate change emergency has been acknowledged, it requires systematic monitoring and analysis to adapt the risk management policies to the changing situation. The paper adjusts the National Risk Assessment into a micro-regional scale to present the case of the water shortage emergency due to climate change in a peripherical urban area of Mexico City. In the paper, it is explained why it should be included as a Risk Assessment by local and regional authorities with the objective to create more resilient peripherical urban territories. Eventually, the research can serve as a base to create a National Risk Assessment for water shortage in metropolitan areas on a national scale. The paper presents the current situation of the water shortage in the case study, explains why it should be considered a risk, and analyses water shortage in urban areas within the Risk Assessment rationale, using the Region IV of the State of Mexico as the case study.
CLLD, Urban Agenda and Borderland. Governance and Innovation for the Sustainable Development of the Eurocity of Guadiana (Portugal-Spain)
Authors: Felicidades-García J. , Pazos-García F. J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGovernance, innovation and spatial planning are recognised as dimensions of the territorial development process in the European Regional Policy. This paper explores the joint possibilities of Community-led Local Development (CLLD), as an approach that encourages the participation of local actors in sustainable urban development, and the EU Urban Agenda, as a strategic spatial planning instrument, applied in the cross-border area of the Eurocity of Guadiana. It draws on existing literature and the empirical development of the INTERREG EuroGuadiana 2020 project to define the objectives of the process and the key components of the territorial governance scheme. It shows that the urban governance formula for cross-border cities, based on the combination of European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation (EGTC), CLLD and Urban Agenda, represents an opportunity both to strengthen the organisational capacities of partnerships and to implement inclusive and participatory action plans. It is concluded that the Eurocity of Guadiana must overcome limiting factors such as community resistance to change, as well as the paradox of planning across borders and the demands of cross-border governance.
Monitoring Urban Planning Actions for Reducing Crime Risk Vulnerability
Authors: Grimaldi Michele , Coppola Francesca , Fasolino Isidoro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe topic of urban security has become highly relevant in the urban agendas of cities and metropolitan areas. One of the main requirements for well-functioning cities and their sustainability is that they have secure streets and public spaces as confirmed by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda, in particular SDG 11 [1]. The proposed research addresses the issue through a quantitative model of crime risk mapping. More precisely, crime risk is linked to three risk factor-maps: crime hazard (Hc), crime vulnerability (Vc), crime exposure (Ec) and described through a spatially explicit composite crime risk index, IRc [2, 3]. In this work the attention is focused on crime vulnerability risk factor and on the possibility to reduce its critical levels by defining and monitoring of specific urban planning actions, to be introduced in the municipal urban Plan.