bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term declines in insect abundance and biomass in a subalpine habitat
Authors: Dalton Rebecca M. , Underwood Nora C. , Inouye David W. , Soulé Michael E. , Inouye Brian D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRecent reports of insect declines have caused concern among scientists and the public. Declines in insect abundance and biomass are ubiquitous across many climatic zones and have been largely attributed to anthropogenic land use intensification and climate change. However, there are few examples of long‐term continuous data in relatively undisturbed environments, as opposed to agricultural landscapes. We sampled insects weekly from 1986 to 2020 in a protected subalpine meadow in Colorado, which is embedded in an undisturbed natural landscape. During the study period, summers became warmer, while winters became drier. Insect biomass declined by ∼47% and abundance declined by ∼61.5% over the last 35 years. Insect declines occurred in concert with changes in climate, as some climate factors were correlated with insect abundance and biomass. Specifically, insect abundance was lower during years with less summer precipitation and winter snowfall, and to a lesser degree with warmer temperatures. In subalpine systems, changes in precipitation and warmer temperatures are expected to continue under climate change; thus, continued insect declines might be expected even in relatively undisturbed habitats.
Selective Zinc‐Catalyzed 1,2‐hydroboration of N‐heteroaromatics via a Non‐Hydride Mechanism
Authors: Shakhman Dinmukhamed , Dmitrienko Anton , Pilkington Melanie , Nikonov Georgii I. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA novel bidentate amine‐imine ligand precursor LH has been synthesized. This compound was reacted with ZnMe2 to generate the zinc methyl complex, LZnMe (4). The latter compound was fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy and single crystal X‐ray diffraction. Compound 4 is a catalyst for the hydroboration and hydrosilylation of N‐heterocycles, but with moderate catalytic activity. A more active catalyst, the zinc hydride complex LZnH (5) was synthesized by reacting the lithium salt LLi with ZnCl2 followed by sequential reaction with tBuOK and PhMeSiH2. Compound 5 catalyzes the selective 1,2‐hydroboration of nitrogen heteroaromatics with decreased catalyst load and under mild conditions. Deuterium‐labeling experiments and kinetic studies provided insight into the possible reaction mechanism. It is proposed that hydride transfer to the substrate proceeds directly from the reductant (borane) via a six‐membered transition state facilitated by the catalyst, in which it plays an ambiphilic role, activating the substrate via coordination to the Lewis acidic zinc and enhancing the hydricity of the borane through coordination to the zinc hydride.
Probabilistic assessment of the rules used to combine peak floor responses of special concentrically braced frames under orthogonal seismic effects
Authors: Wang Jianze , Huang Qinyong , Burton Henry , Dai Kaoshan , Qu Zhe 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEstimating seismic demands and the associated damage to nonstructural components (NSCs) is a critical step in the performance‐based earthquake engineering (PBEE) framework. To facilitate this type of assessment, NSCs are classified as being acceleration, velocity, or displacement sensitive. When two‐dimensional structural models and response history analyses are used in the PBEE framework, heuristics are used to combine the orthogonal responses. Although there has been significant research to develop and evaluate combination rules for structural component responses, comparatively much less attention has been placed on NSC demands. FEMA P‐58 does provide a combination rule specifically for NSC seismic demands; however, the basis and accuracy of these provisions have never been examined. In this paper, the effectiveness of three popular combination rules used to estimate peak floor acceleration (PFA) and peak floor velocity (PFV) is investigated. Incremental dynamics analyses under unidirectional and bidirectional record‐sets are performed on six special concentrically braced frame buildings with different heights and torsional irregularity. The associated floor responses are used to examine the efficacy of the combination rules. Subsequently, a probabilistic approach is proposed to enhance the accuracy of combination rules. The performance of the enhanced combination rules is compared to that of a surrogate model that estimates PFA and PFV under orthogonal seismic effects. The results show that the performance of existing combination rules is slightly affected by building height and plan irregularity. Also, the combination rule suggested by FEMA P58 is found to overestimate the PFA and PFV demands by 10–15% compared to the demands derived from bidirectional response history analysis.
Performance assessment of global open‐access digital elevation models in China mainland coastal region
Authors: Ding Hu , Liu Junhao , Yang Sihang , Luo Junxing , Liu Yi , Liang Xinyi , Na Jiaming , Jiang Shuai , Fu Yingchun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDigital elevation models (DEMs) are the fundamental datasets for coastal ecosystem monitoring, and several global open‐accessed DEMs have recently been reported. In coastal regions, a comprehensive vertical accuracy assessment of these DEMs has not yet been carried out. In this study, eight open‐access DEM datasets, including SRTM‐3, SRTM‐1, TanDEM‐X, ASTER GDEM v3, MERIT DEM, AW3D30, NASADEM, and CoastalDEM, were investigated across the coastal region of the Chinese mainland using high accuracy ICESat‐2 data as a reference. Statistical tools including mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) were selected to describe the data error/uncertainty and spatial distribution. Moreover, the effects of elevation ranging, slope degree, geomorphogenesis and landuse on vertical accuracy were further analyzed to assess their applicability. The assessment results revealed that the CoastalDEM and NASADEM datasets had the highest accuracy, with MAE values of 1.68 and 1.88 m and RMSE values of 2.55 and 2.61 m, for 3‐arc second and 1‐arc second resolution DEMs, respectively. Other DEMs with close accuracies include AW3D30, SRTM‐1, MERIT, and SRTM‐3 DEM. The results proved that the CoastalDEM outperformed other datasets, indicating its applicability in coastal regions.
Functional changes in fusional vergence‐related brain areas and correlation with clinical features in intermittent exotropia using functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Zhang Weijia , Fei Nanxi , Wang Yachen , Yang Bingbing , Liu Zhihan , Cheng Luyao , Li Junfa , Xian Junfang , Fu Tao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo explore the functional changes of the frontal eye field (FEF) and relevant brain regions and its role in the pathogenesis of intermittent exotropia (IXT) children via functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Twenty‐four IXT children (mean age, 11.83 ± 1.93 years) and 28 normal control (NC) subjects (mean age, 11.11 ± 1.50 years) were recruited. During fMRI scans, the IXT children and NCs were provided with static visual stimuli (to evoke sensory fusion) and dynamic visual stimuli (to evoke motor fusion and vergence eye movements) with binocular disparity. Brain activation in the relevant brain regions and clinical characteristics were evaluated. Group differences of brain activation and brain‐behavior correlations were investigated. For dynamic and static visual disparity relative to no visual disparity, reduced brain activation in the right FEF and right inferior occipital gyrus (IOG), and increased brain activation in the left middle temporal gyrus complex (MT+) were found in the IXT children compared with NCs. Significant positive correlations between the fusional vergence amplitude and the brain activation values were found in the right FEF, right IPL, and left cerebellum in the NC group. Positive correlations between brain activation values and Newcastle Control Scores (NCS) were found in the left MT+ in the IXT group. For dynamic visual disparity relative to static visual disparity, reduced brain activation in the right middle occipital gyrus, left cerebellum, and bilateral IPL was found in the IXT children compared with NCs. Significant positive correlations between brain activation values and the fusional vergence amplitude were found in the right FEF and right cerebellum in the NC group. Negative correlations between brain activation values and NCS were found in the right middle occipital gyrus, right cerebellum, left IPL, and right FEF in the IXT group. These results suggest that the reduced brain activation in the right FEF, left IPL, and cerebellum may play an important role in the pathogenesis of IXT by influencing fusional vergence function. While the increased brain activation in the left MT+ may compensate for this dysfunction in IXT children.
No changes in clinical presentation, treatment strategies and survival of pancreatic cancer cases during the SARS‐COV‐2 outbreak: A retrospective multicenter cohort study on real‐world data
Authors: Kempf Emmanuelle , Priou Sonia , Lamé Guillaume , Laurent Alexis , Guével Etienne , Tzedakis Stylianos , Bey Romain , Fuks David , Chatellier Gilles , Tannier Xavier , Galula Gilles , Flicoteaux Rémi , Daniel Christel , Tournigand Christophe ,   the Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP) Cancer Group, a Cancer Research Application on Big Data (CRAB) Initiative
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe SARS‐COV‐2 pandemic disrupted healthcare systems. We assessed its impact on the presentation, care trajectories and outcomes of new pancreatic cancers (PCs) in the Paris area. We performed a retrospective multicenter cohort study on the data warehouse of Greater Paris University Hospitals (AP‐HP). We identified all patients newly referred with a PC between January 1, 2019, and June 30, 2021, and excluded endocrine tumors. Using claims data and health records, we analyzed the timeline of care trajectories, the initial tumor stage, the treatment categories: pancreatectomy, exclusive systemic therapy or exclusive best supportive care (BSC). We calculated patients' 1‐year overall survival (OS) and compared indicators in 2019 and 2020 to 2021. We included 2335 patients. Referral fell by 29% during the first lockdown. The median time from biopsy and from first MDM to treatment were 25 days (16‐50) and 21 days (11‐40), respectively. Between 2019 and 2020 to 2021, the rate of metastatic tumors (36% vs 33%, P = .39), the pTNM distribution of the 464 cases with upfront tumor resection (P = .80), and the proportion of treatment categories did not vary: tumor resection (32% vs 33%), exclusive systemic therapy (49% vs 49%), exclusive BSC (19% vs 19%). The 1‐year OS rates in 2019 vs 2020 to 2021 were 92% vs 89% (aHR = 1.42; 95% CI, 0.82‐2.48), 52% vs 56% (aHR = 0.88; 95% CI, 0.73‐1.08), 13% vs 10% (aHR = 1.00; 95% CI, 0.78‐1.25), in the treatment categories, respectively. Despite an initial decrease in the number of new PCs, we did not observe any stage shift. OS did not vary significantly.
Methylation testing for the detection of recurrent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: Dick Stèfanie , Heideman Daniëlle A. M. , Mom Constantijne H. , Meijer Chris J. L. M. , Berkhof Johannes , Steenbergen Renske D. M. , Bleeker Maaike C. G. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWomen treated for CIN2/3 remain at increased risk of recurrent CIN and cervical cancer, and therefore posttreatment surveillance is recommended. This post hoc analysis evaluates the potential of methylation markers ASCL1/LHX8 and FAM19A4/miR124‐2 for posttreatment detection of recurrent CIN2/3. Cervical scrapes taken at 6 and 12 months posttreatment of 364 women treated for CIN2/3 were tested for methylation of ASCL1/LHX8 and FAM19A4/miR124‐2 using quantitative multiplex methylation‐specific PCR. Performance of the methylation tests were calculated and compared with the performance of HPV and/or cytology. Methylation levels of recurrent CIN were compared between women with a persistent HPV infection, and women with an incident HPV infection or without HPV infection. Recurrent CIN2/3 was detected in 42 women (11.5%), including 28 women with CIN2 and 14 with CIN3. ASCL1/LHX8 tested positive in 13/14 (92.9%) of recurrent CIN3 and 13/27 (48.1%) of recurrent CIN2. FAM19A4/miR124‐2 tested positive in 14/14 (100%) of recurrent CIN3 and 10/27 (37.0%) of recurrent CIN2. Combined HPV and/or methylation testing showed similar positivity rates as HPV and/or cytology. The CIN2/3 risk at 12 months posttreatment was 30.8% after a positive ASCL1/LHX8 result at 6 months posttreatment. Methylation levels of CIN2/3 in women with a persistent HPV infection were significantly higher compared with women with an incident or no HPV infection. In conclusion, posttreatment monitoring by methylation analysis of ASCL1/LHX8 and FAM19A4/miR124‐2 showed a good performance for the detection of recurrent CIN. DNA methylation testing can help to identify women with recurrent CIN that require re‐treatment.
Two cases of prostate cancer with disseminated carcinomatosis of the bone marrow treated with novel hormonal agents
Authors: Nozaki Keina , Matsushima Hisashi , Obikane Hiyo , Nishimoto Ryohei , Tanaka Ryo , Morishige Takeru , Masuda Tomoko , Kume Haruki 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionDisseminated carcinomatosis of the bone marrow in prostate cancer is rare and has a poor prognosis. Although strong evidence suggests that novel hormonal agents improve the prognosis of metastatic prostate cancer, their effectiveness in cases of disseminated carcinomatosis of the bone marrow remains unclear.Case presentationWe encountered two cases of prostate cancer with disseminated carcinomatosis of the bone marrow at the time of initial diagnosis. One patient was treated with enzalutamide, abiraterone, docetaxel, cabazitaxel, denosumab, and radium‐223 and died 38 months after the initial diagnosis. The other patient was treated with apalutamide and denosumab, and had progression‐free survival for 17 months after the initial diagnosis.ConclusionThese results suggest that novel hormonal agents may improve the prognosis of prostate cancer even in patients with disseminated carcinomatosis of the bone marrow.
Patient–dental student provider communication in an academic dental clinic setting: A dyadic data analysis
Authors: Morris Melanie , Atterbury Elizabeth , Minichetti Cara , Santos Noemy , Farrell Alexandria , Hanel Alyssa , Porras Mariana , Leak Kathryne , Tepper Lynn , Whalen Stacey , Kunzel Carol 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposePatient–dentist communication is an inherently dyadic social process; however, it is rarely regarded as such in research and pedagogy. This study utilizes a dyadic data analysis approach to study patient–dental student provider communication in an academic dental clinic.ProceduresUsing pairwise data collected from patient–dental student provider dyads, we conducted unadjusted and adjusted actor–partner interdependence models to examine the association of intrapersonal (actor) and interpersonal (partner) effects of three communication skills on the assessment of appointment interaction among patient–dental student provider dyads in a pre‐doctoral comprehensive care academic dental clinic setting.Main findingsActor effects were most evident among the associations in the study. Dental student providers’ assessment of their own shared decision‐making predicted positive changes in their overall interaction assessment in both unadjusted and fully adjusted models. Patients’ ratings of their dental student provider's capability/confidence predicted positive changes in their overall interaction assessment in both unadjusted and adjusted models.ConclusionsThis study suggests that dental students and their patients are primarily impacted by actor perspectives regarding dental student communication and its impact on the assessment of their respective overall appointment interaction. Findings suggest a need for the incorporation of interpersonal skill building in collaboration with patients to strengthen the communication skills and practice of dental students.
Food insecurity is associated with lower diet quality among dental students
Authors: Marshall Teresa A. , Laurence Brian , Qian Fang , Robinson‐Warner Gillian , Handoo Nidhi , Anderson Cari 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeFood insecurity is associated with lower diet quality, adverse health outcomes, and academic difficulty among undergraduate students. The objective was to identify the relationship between food security status and diet quality in dental students.MethodsAll dental students attending Howard University (n = 286) or the University of Iowa (n = 326) during the fall 2021 semester were invited to complete a cross‐sectional survey designed to query demographics, food security status (i.e., United States Department of Agriculture's ten item Adult Food Security Module), and diet quality (i.e., short Healthy Eating Index). The survey was administered using the Qualtrics platform.ResultsResponse rates were similar for Howard (32.5%) and Iowa (29.4%). Students with food insecurity (46.0%) were slightly older and more likely to be Black or other, first generation professional/graduate students, and receive financial aid than peers with food security (p < 0.050). Food insecurity was associated with lower intakes of fruits and vegetables (p ≤ 0.005), higher intakes of added sugars (p < 0.001), and lower diet quality (p = 0.003). In linear regression analyses that controlled for other variables, food insecurity (p = 0.012), school site (p = 0.027), and gender (p = 0.039) were predictive of lower diet quality.ConclusionsThe inability to procure adequate and appropriate foods was associated with marginal dietary habits (i.e., less than ideal food choices and eating behaviors) and lower diet quality in dental students. Both marginal dietary habits and lower diet quality increase chronic disease risk and may present a barrier to academic success. Addressing food insecurity among dental students is necessary to ensure equitable opportunities for a healthy workforce in the future.
HLA haplotype frequencies and diversity in patients with hemoglobinopathies
Authors: Scigliuolo Graziana M. , Boukouaci Wahid , Cappelli Barbara , Volt Fernanda , Rivera Franco Monica M. , Dhédin Nathalie , de Latour Regis Peffault , Devalck Christine , Dalle Jean‐Hugues , Castelle Martin , Hermine Olivier , Chardin Marie Ouachée , Poiré Xavier , Brichard Bénédicte , Paillard Catherine , Rafii Hanadi , Kenzey Chantal , Wu Ching‐Lien , Bouassida Jihène , Robin Marie , Raus Nicole , Rocha Vanderson , Ruggeri Annalisa , Gluckman Eliane , Tamouza Ryad ,   Eurocord and Société Francophone de Greffe de Moelle et de Thérapie Cellulaire (SFGM‐TC)
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe genetic diversity of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system was shaped by evolutionary constraints exerted by environmental factors. Analyzing HLA diversity may allow understanding of the underlying pathways and offer useful tools in transplant setting. The aim of this study was to investigate the HLA haplotype diversity in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD, N = 282) or β‐thalassemia (β‐Thal, N = 60), who received hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) reported to Eurocord and the Société Francophone de Greffe de Moelle et de Thérapie Cellulaire (SFGM‐TC). We identified 405 different HLA‐A‐B‐DRB1 haplotypes in SCD and 108 in β‐Thal patients. Using data from African and European populations of the “1000 Genomes Project” for comparison with SCD and β‐Thal, respectively, we found that the haplotypes HLA‐A*30‐B*14‐DRB1*15 (OR 7.87, 95% CI: 1.66–37.3, pb = 0.035), HLA‐A*23‐B*08 (OR 6.59, 95% CI: 1.8–24.13, pb = 0.023), and HLA‐B*14‐DRB1*15 (OR 10.74, 95% CI: 3.66–31.57, pb = 0.000) were associated with SCD, and the partial haplotypes HLA‐A*30‐B*13 and HLA‐A*68‐B*53 were associated with β‐Thal (OR 4.810, 95% CI: 1.55–14.91, pb = 0.033, and OR 17.52, 95% CI: 2.81–184.95, pb = 0.011). Our results confirm the extreme HLA genetic diversity in SCD patients likely due to their African ancestry. This diversity seems less accentuated in patients with β‐Thal. Our findings emphasize the need to expand inclusion of donors of African descent in HCT donor registries and cord blood banks.
Offence, offender, and victim characteristics in South Korean filicides, 1948–1962: A descriptive study
Authors: Shon Leah C. J. , Shon Phillip C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFilicide is defined as the killing of children from birth to age 18 by a natural or step‐parent. The legal definition of filicide in Korea does not impose such age limits. Although families in contemporary Korea are nuclear in structure, they were multigenerational prior to the industrialisation that occurred during the second half of the twentieth century. While psychiatric and evolutionary theories have been predominantly used in the filicide literature, prior works have neglected to examine how culture shapes violence against one’s offspring. This paper explores the offence, offender, and victim characteristics in South Korean filicides (1948–1962) through a content analysis of a major newspaper (Chosun Ilbo). Results indicate that filicides occur in one‐on‐one contexts, primarily carried out by biological parents against their offspring while adoptive children appeared as victims due to the genealogical customs practiced in Korean society. Results indicate that more than 12% of filicide victims are adults. The implications of our findings are discussed.