bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design a Low Specific Speed Dry Pit Solids Handling Pump With Pure 3-D Computational Fluid Dynamics Virtual Testing
Authors: Ali Azfar , Zhou Zhuoyu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A relatively low specific speed dry pit solids handling pump was designed from scratch with pure 3D CFD virtual testing. In-house codes were used to provide preliminary design of the impeller, volute, etc. The 3D CFD tool Simerics-MP+ was employed for improvement of the design to achieve the desired pump performance. The virtual tests covered a wide range of flowrates from 40% to 130% of the best efficiency point (BEP). Final physical testing shows the CFD predictions are in good agreement with the measurements.
Microfluidic Devices for Isolating and Releasing Disseminated Tumor Cells in Bone Marrow
Authors: Le Minh-Chau N. , Chen Dongjiang , Smith Kierstin A. , Tran David D. , Fan Z. Hugh 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive and lethal subtype of breast cancer. Many TNBC patients have significant risks of developing life-threatening metastases even after receiving successful neoadjuvant treatment. One reason for this high treatment failure rate is the presence of treatment-resisting disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in the bone marrow (BM). DTCs have an extremely low occurrence of 1 per 106−107 nucleated BM cells. Hence, one challenge in studying DTCs is to enrich for these rare cells while retaining their viability for further molecular analysis. Microfluidic technology has become a promising solution by offering high detection sensitivity, low reagent consumption, and simple operation. Our project demonstrates the use of the immunoaffinity-based geometrically enhanced mixing (GEM) microfluidic device to efficiently capture TNBC cells in BM aspirates and safely release them for future single-cell ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing. Using anti-EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) antibodies as the capture agent, the GEM offers a capture efficiency of ∼70%. By combining the cell-dissociation chemical trypsin with mechanical impulses, the release efficiency reaches ∼95% while maintaining viability and morphology similar to that of TNBC cells in culture. This work has the potential to contribute towards the future identification of TNBC therapeutic targets.
Development of 3d Printed Soft Pneumatic Hand Motion Sensors
Authors: Papendorp Sky , Iyun Olukayode , Schneider Christian , Tekes Ayse , Ashuri Turaj , Amiri Moghadam Amir Ali 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper reports on the design, fabrication, and evaluation of a novel 3D printed vacuum based soft sensor and its application as hand motion sensor. Soft sensors are an integral part of soft robotics as an emerging field of science that enables safe and easy human to machine interaction. The conventional sensors used to interface with humans in robotic systems are mechanically incompliant. Because of this mechanical compliance mismatch, these sensors cause unsafe interactions with humans. Recent advancements in 3D printing technology have allowed fabrication of complex geometries with soft polymers, perfect for more delicate and user-friendly sensors. While the existing soft pneumatic sensors work based on the positive pressure due to deformation, the proposed sensor in this work works based on vacuum due to deformation. In comparison with the similar positive pressure sensor, our vacuum-based sensor is much softer and has minimum interference with hand motion. Finite element analysis (FEA) is used to analyze the design. Also, a kinematic model of the hand is developed using Matlab to visualize the hand motion based on the sensor data. This could show the potential application of the soft hand motion sensor in virtual reality and telehealth.
A Numerical Investigation to Compare Point Cloud and STL-Based Toolpath Strategies for 5-Axis Incremental Sheet Forming
Authors: Gupta Ayushi , Nagargoje Aniket , Dubey Abhay Kumar , Tandon Puneet 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
To address the difficulties faced by the existing 3-axis incremental sheet forming (ISF) processes, toolpaths of 5-axis incremental sheet forming were developed to form the components with features having forming angles greater than 90°. This paper compares the STL and point cloud-based methodologies for the toolpaths generated for 5 axes incremental sheet forming. The STL models are used in the existing 5-axis toolpath techniques to determine the point normal at a contact point and hence the tool posture angles. However, there are several drawbacks associated with this approach of using STL models. Thus, a point cloud-based posture calculation strategy is proposed in this work. It was observed that the proposed approach performs better than the STL-based strategy in terms of computing efficiency. Numerical simulations were performed to validate the approach utilizing the toolpaths generated by both strategies. The simulation of the ISF process was performed to determine the feasibility of the 5-axis incremental sheet forming toolpath. Finite element simulations were performed using the shell elements for the geometry with the curvature of the wall greater than 90°. Results based on geometrical accuracy are compared to understand the differences between the two strategies.
The Real-Time Human Reliability Detection System Based on Ship Bridge Videos
Authors: Wang Shuoping , Xiao Youan , Wang Tengfei , Li Zhuo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Human reliability analysis in assessment of ship collision risk has always been a concern for shipping practitioners. The risk of ship collision is largely related to the driving state of crew. At the same time, although surveillance cameras have been deployed in key locations such as ship bridge on most of the current operating ships, the monitoring information is only used as evidence for daily evaluation or responsibility determination after an accident, further values are not discovered. How to make full use of existing ship bridge video resources to assess the realtime state of crew, and then assess the risk of collisions, is of great significance and academic value.
Therefore, this paper proposes a real-time human reliability detection system based on ship bridge videos. Object detection model trained on COCO[1] dataset using Faster-RCNN [2] algorithm and spatio-temporal action detection model trained on AVA [3] dataset using SlowFast [4] algorithm are used to perform video understanding work on ship bridge videos, obtaining the actions of crew and corresponding probabilities. This paper introduces performance impact factors (PIFs) and Information, Decision and Action in a Crew content cognitive (IDAC) model to build a three-layer mapping model which clarifies how to use the results of video understanding work to calculate relevant PIF scores and explain the impact of the state of crew on various processes in IDAC model.
Topology Optimization Through Deep Neural Network for Different Mechanical and Thermomechanical Problems
Authors: Shishir Md. Imrul Reza , Tabarraei Alireza 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this present work, a neural network (NN) is trained to deal with the optimization process of topology optimization and generate optimized structures. The NN’s activation functions are used to represent the popular Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization (SIMP) density field. Fourier projection based length scale control technique has been implemented to govern the minimum and maximum feature length in the optimized domain for manufacturability. And high-performance automatic differentiation (AD) library JAX has been used to build an end-to-end differentiable NN model. We demonstrate the application of this framework by solving several mechanical and thermomechanical compliance minimization problems. The results show that optimized designs obtained from the proposed NN based approach are comparable with the current mathematical programming based optimization approach.
Using Granular Jamming and a Parallel Compliant Mechanism to Provide a Rapidly Deployable, Custom-Fitted Cervical Collar
Authors: Herke Patrick , Kumar Abhishek , Gilbert Hunter B. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Cervical collars are medical devices commonly used to restrict motion of the cervical spine after trauma or surgical intervention. Improvements to the kinematic adjustability of collars and the rigidity of the contact surface between the patient’s body and the collar would result in better restriction of motion while maintaining comfort and fit. This paper reports on the initial design and prototyping of a new design concept for cervical collars consisting of pouches of granular material along the inside of two rings which are of similar geometry to the neck. The rings are connected by six adjustable length struts, analogous to the classical Stewart-Gough platform. Granular jamming is a reversible process in which a bladder containing a granular material, such as coffee grounds, becomes stiff when a vacuum is drawn on it. Thus, the pouches allow for a moldable interface with the neck with adjustable rigidity. The 3D printed rings are designed to accommodate the geometry of individual wearers by flexure hinges approximating a continuously deformable structure. The geometry of the rings was selected by surface modeling of the body geometry followed by extraction of coordinate curves and flattening. The struts provide patient specific adjustments for neck height and variance in head shape.
Nonlinear Dynamics Simulation of Stress Concentration Factor of Pear Cam and Roller Follower Mechanism With Clearance
Authors: Yousuf Louay S. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The effect of stress concentration factor on the nonlinear dynamics phenomenon of the follower is studied at different internal distance of the follower guides from inside (I.D.) and different cam speeds (N). The stress concentration factor is examined at the contact point and around the square grooving key. The contact between the cam and the follower and between the follower and its guides are considered using SolidWork program. Three different involutes’ profiles of the pear cam are used to select the optimum cam profile. Phase-plane diagram is used to detect the periodic and non-periodic motions over times. Moreover, the dynamic tool of Wolf algorithm code is used to calculate the local Lyapunov exponent against number of samples. The overshoot of the transient response of local Lyapunov exponent parameter is done at different cam speeds and different follower guides’ clearances. Photo-elastic device is used to check the value of stress concentration factor experimentally. Multi spring-damper-mass model is used on the follower stem to reduce the contact stress at the contact point and around the square grooving key.
Nonlinear Dynamics Simulation of Globoidal Cam and Roller Follower Mechanism With Clearanance Using Different Material Properties
Authors: Yousuf Louay S. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The effect of contact different material properties for globoidal cam and roller follower system on the nonlinear dynamics phenomenon is investigated at different cam speeds and different follower guides’ clearances. The contact between the cam and the follower and between the follower and its guides are considered at different contact conditions. The optimal contact condition is selected based on the value of local Lyapunov exponent parameter. The impact and friction are considered in SolidWorks program based on the value of sliding contact velocity and kinetic coefficient of friction. The contact condition is steel dry, steel greasy, nylon, acrylic, aluminum dry, and aluminum greasy. The nonlinear dynamics and chaos is detected using phase-plane diagram and Poincare’ map. The trend of the nonlinear response of the follower displacement is discussed at different contact conditions. The more black dots in Poincare’ maps, the more detachment heights between the cam and the follower since the black dots are stationed around one area inside Poincare’ map. In phase-plane diagram, the follower displacement-velocity diverges with no limit of spiral cycles which gives indication that the motion is non-periodic and chaos.
The Analysis of Interaction Between Reflected Shock Wave and Boundary Layers in a Shock Tube
Authors: Olaoke Abdulmumin O. , Molki Majid 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This study is a computational investigation of the interference between a reflected shock wave and the wall boundary layers formed by gas flow in a shock tube. Two gases, namely, Argon and Helium, are examined as the working fluid in each case at different pressure ratios. The present computations consider the viscous effects and implement turbulence through the Spalart-Allmaras model. The study observes and analyzes the non-ideal transient behavior in the shock tube. It also examines thermal effects and the shock bifurcation for two gases at different pressure ratios of 10 and 100. The present simulations explain the temperature distribution behind the bifurcated shock waves. The results show that the range of disturbance formation for each gas varies with pressure ratio. The outcomes of this study agree well with theoretical methods, which assume uniformity behind the reflected shock wave under ideal conditions. However, consistent with the past studies, this investigation confirms that reflected shock waves interact with the wall boundary layers, and bifurcation occurs. We noticed the gas pressure ratio plays a significant contribution to the tendency and strength of the bifurcation. The higher the pressure ratio, the faster the shock wave traveled, and the quicker the relative bifurcated foot velocities increased with the Mach number at that region. This research contributes and sheds light on the role of gas type and other parameters on the nature of the interaction between a traveling shock wave and a thin boundary layer. This investigation’s findings will benefit the supersonic compressible flow applications and experiments.
Identification of Mechanical Fault of Induction Motor by Combining Lyapunov Exponent and Random Forest Algorithm
Authors: Liu Yan , Geng Jincheng , Li Yuchen , He Yiming 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a scheme by combining Lyapunov exponent and random forest algorithm for mechanical fault identification of induction motor is proposed. During the implementation of the scheme, the severity of pedestal looseness is identified. First, operating states of motors are simulated in an experimental platform. Vibration signals are measured and the evolution of signal waveform are revealed. Subsequently, for vibration signals of different input frequencies or different number of pedestal loose bolts, Lyapunov exponential spectrums are calculated by BBA algorithm. Features extracted from Lyapunov exponential spectrums, such as largest Lyapunov exponent and Kolmogorov entropy, are utilized to demonstrate the chaotic characteristics of signals. At last, extracted features are fed into random forest model for the fault classification. The feasibility of this scheme is validated by accuracy of fault recognition greater than 90%. Several groups of experimental results indicate that proposed scheme has high effectiveness and generalization performance.
Application of Second-Order Boundary Conditions in the Vibrations of Beams With Attached Lumped Mass Under Axial Force
Authors: Hassanpour Pezhman 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper addresses the exact solution of a beam’s free vibrations with a concentrated mass within its intervals when the beam undergoes an axial loading. The Euler-Bernoulli beam theory is used as the basis of the model of the beam. This problem has been extensively studied before in the literature. The main contribution of this paper is in its novel approach to treating the effect of the concentrated mass and solving the resulting governing equation of motion. The effect of the concentrated mass is incorporated into the governing partial differential equation (PDE), rather than being treated as a boundary condition. To this end, the effect of a distributed transverse force, a distributed moment, and axial loading is included in the governing PDE. Then, the properties of Dirac’s delta function is used to represent the attached concentrated mass as a displacement-dependent concentrated transverse force. As a results, the PDE has the delta function as a coefficient of one of its terms. This type of equations are traditionally solved in frequency domain using Laplace transforms. In this paper, the technique to solve this PDE in time domain is presented. It has been demonstrated that this technique intrinsically leads to the application of the second-order theory. The exact natural frequencies and mode shapes of vibration of the system are determined by solving the PDE for free vibrations.
Optical and Heat Transfer Performance of Conical Receivers for Desalination Application
Authors: Soanker Abhinay , Oztekin Alparslan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This study involves numerical analyses of a 7.5 m parabolic dish concentrator for membrane distillation desalination applications. Optical and heat transfer performance of conical receivers with an angle of 45°, 75°, and a spiral receiver was investigated. Receiver designs considered here have helical coil receivers that carry heat transfer fluid (HTF). The optical performance of these three conical receivers was studied based on the distance of receivers from the focal point. This study considered three distances: 0.06m, 0.12m, and 0.18m. Ray tracing simulation has been carried out to obtain the receiver’s radiation heat flux distribution data. It is observed that the 45° conical receiver yields the highest optical efficiency, 82%, when the receiver is placed 0.12m from the focal point.
Heat flux data obtained during the optical simulations have been utilized as a boundary condition. In addition, numerical simulations are carried out to evaluate the heat transfer performance of the 45° conical receiver. The study included Reynolds numbers of 1,917, 10,222, and 19,167. The outlet temperatures have been examined.
Ontology-Based Framework for Knowledge-Based Lifecycle Management of Product Information
Authors: Failla Lorenzo , Rossoni Marco , Vallesi Michele , Colombo Giorgio 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
One of the major barriers to close the gaps between the academic paradigm of Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) and the actual potentialities offered by modern PLM implementations in industry is represented by the inherent difficulty in the management of product information structured over a formalized product-related knowledge. This is especially true for complex, highly customized and engineer-to-order products. The amount, the complexity and the variability of the information throughout the lifecycle makes the Product Data Management capabilities inadequate to realize the required level of accessibility. Ontologies and Semantic Web Technologies are a promising solution in addressing the aforementioned challenges relevant to PLM. Despite that, ontologies implementations in real industrial applications remain very limited in number and, in any case, either are restricted to specific areas or tackle the issue from a too general point of view.
The paper aims to present a generalized approach to structure a product knowledge domain over a general-purpose, agnostic “base” ontology. It has been developed on top of formal model taken from literature, where the knowledge relative to a complex, highly customized and engineer-to-order (ETO) product from Oil & Gas Turbomachinery industry was formalized in an OWL-DL ontology enriched with SWRL rules and reasoning capabilities. To facilitates the interaction and the validation with the formal model, a Graphical User Interface (GUI) has been implemented. It enables the penetration of reasoning-enabled ontologies within industrial mindsets and forms the foundations for future integration of the generated product information layer within industrial PLM ecosystems. Within this context, IT asset used to realize the presented proof-of-concept is described and major challenges encountered during the realization and the way they have been tackled are discussed, together with strengths and limitations associated to the approach.
Analysis of Shark Fluid Dynamics to Guide Satellite Telemetry Tag Development
Authors: Zarea Munir , Brown Evan , George Allen , Kozsey Joshua , Palmgren Tyler , Wu Meng-Chien , Oman Sarah , Parmigiani John , Piacenza Joseph , Piacenza Susan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Sharks are powerful predators that make long-range migrations across vast swaths of the ocean. Scientists attach satellite telemetry tracking tags to sharks in order to gather data on behavior, movement patterns and habitat usage. However, hydro-dynamic loading from these tags may unintentionally influence the host shark’s behavior, although the extent of the loading is still not well understood. While tag manufacturers have made incremental improvements to make tags lighter and smaller, there is still not a clear understanding between tag design and host animal impacts. This fundamental knowledge gap makes the design of telemetry tags difficult when aiming to minimize hydrodynamic effects. In this paper, we present an approach intended to help inform tag design. In addition, a case study demonstrates this approach using 3D digital models discussed in the introduction. Four different shark species: the great hammerhead (Sphyrna mokarran), shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus), blacktip reef (Carcharhinus limbatus), and Caribbean reef (Carcharhinus perezii). We used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods to estimate baseline drag and lift coefficients from a range of angles of attack to simulate the sharks ascending, descending, and swimming horizontally. We solved lift and drag coefficients through force reports integrated into the CFD software, STAR-CCM+. The simulations were solved with the Menter shear stress transport (SST) k-ω turbulence model at steady-state. Across species, the drag and lift coefficients ranged from 0.14 – 0.21 and −0.02 – 0.37, respectively. To visualize the fluid dynamics, we created plots of pressure distribution and fluid flow associated with each shark’s average cruising speeds, providing insight for future researchers investigating optimal tag placement that minimizes the tag’s impact. To validate the computational models, we performed wind tunnel testing by using 3D printed models of each shark, allowing us to empirically measure lift and drag forces. A three-axis sting-balance style measurement system with strain gauges was used, while considering wind speed, fluid density, and matched Reynolds numbers associated with the CFD models for each species. Finally, we statistically compared the computational and wind tunnel measurements. Moving forward, we will explore the changes in drag and lift with different satellite tag models attached to the shark species. Our findings will support development of a methodology to quantify the hydrodynamic impact of different tag designs on sharks. This can be used by future researchers to determine the lift and drag forces a shark experiences with a satellite telemetry tag attached. Ultimately, this information will help to better monitor sharks in their natural environment and provide information that can be useful to the conservation of the species.