bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental study on collapsible and structural characteristics of artificially prepared loess material
Authors: Zhang Yuwei , Song Zhanping , Chen Haochun , Ruan Lei , He Shimei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCollapsibility and structural are two of the typical characteristics of natural undisturbed loess. It is of great significance to effectively simulate the collapsibility and structural of natural loess by preparing artificially loess. However, the existing methods of artificially preparing collapsible loess are complex, and the collapsibility of the prepared samples is difficult to control. In this paper, the collapsibility mechanism of loess was re-analyzed, and on this basis, a new method for preparing artificial collapsible loess using remolded loess, industrial salt, CaO particles and gypsum powder was proposed. The basic principle is: the CaO particles have structural strength and would transfer to Ca(OH)2 after soaking, this progress can simulate the disappearance of loess structural strength; The dissolution of industrial salt can simulate the collapse of loess internal pores, the collapsibility of artificial loess can be adjusted by adjusting the percentage of industrial salt; the gypsum powder can simulate the cementation of loess as a bonding material. The shear test, consolidation test and collapsibility test of artificially prepared loess and undisturbed loess were carried out. The test results of artificial loess were compared with undisturbed loess. The results show that: the plastic limit and liquid limit of the artificially prepared loess is smaller than that of the undisturbed loess; The optimal moisture content and maximum dry density are close to that of the undisturbed loess; The collapsibility coefficient of artificial prepared samples increases first and then decreases with the increase of load level, and gradually increases with the increase of industrial salt particle content; The structural parameters of artificially prepared loess samples first increase and then decrease with the shear process, but the structural parameters of artificial prepared loess and undisturbed loess are different under different confining pressure conditions.
Age-associated microenvironmental changes highlight the role of PDGF-C in ER+ breast cancer metastatic relapse
Authors: Turrell Frances K. , Orha Rebecca , Guppy Naomi J. , Gillespie Andrea , Guelbert Matthew , Starling Chris , Haider Syed , Isacke Clare M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPatients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer are at risk of metastatic relapse for decades after primary tumor resection and treatment, a consequence of dormant disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) reawakening at secondary sites. Here we use syngeneic ER+mouse models in which DTCs display a dormant phenotype in young mice but accelerated metastatic outgrowth in an aged or fibrotic microenvironment. In young mice, low-levelPdgfcexpression by ER+DTCs is required for their maintenance in secondary sites but is insufficient to support development of macrometastases. By contrast, the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-Chienvironment of aging or fibrotic lungs promotes DTC proliferation and upregulates tumor cellPdgfcexpression stimulating further stromal activation, events that can be blocked by pharmacological inhibition of PDGFRα or with a PDGF-C-blocking antibody. These results highlight the role of the changing microenvironment in regulating DTC outgrowth and the opportunity to target PDGF-C signaling to limit metastatic relapse in ER+breast cancer.
Human-induced changes in the global meridional overturning circulation are emerging from the Southern Ocean
Authors: Lee Sang-Ki , Lumpkin Rick , Gomez Fabian , Yeager Stephen , Lopez Hosmay , Takglis Filippos , Dong Shenfu , Aguiar Wilton , Kim Dongmin , Baringer Molly 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn a warming climate, the Global Meridional Overturning Circulation (GMOC) is expected to change significantly with a risk of disrupting the global redistribution of ocean properties that sustains marine ecosystems, carbon cycle, and others. Here we make a novel attempt to utilize a diagnostic ocean & sea-ice model to estimate the GMOC and its interdecadal changes since the mid-1950s that are consistent with historical hydrographic observations. We find that significant changes in the GMOC have already occurred, most notably in the upper and lower overturning cells in the Southern Ocean. The former has expanded poleward and into denser water and strengthened by 3–4 Sv since the mid-1970s, while the latter has contracted and weakened by a similar rate during the same period. These changes are driven by the increasing Southern Hemisphere (SH) Ferrel cell and associated increases in the westerlies and the surface buoyancy loss over its sinking branch, and the increasing Antarctic meltwater discharge, in response to ozone depletion in the SH stratosphere and increasing atmospheric CO2. A large-scale readjustment of the GMOC seems to be underway in the South Atlantic and Indo-Pacific Oceans since the mid-2000s in response to the Southern Ocean changes.
Plasmonic nanorod probes’ journey inside plant cells forin vivoSERS sensing and multimodal imaging
Authors: Cupil-Garcia Vanessa , Li Joy Q. , Norton Stephen J. , Odion Ren A. , Strobbia Pietro , Menozzi Luca , Ma Chenshuo , Hu Jianhong , Zentella Rodolfo , Boyanov Maxim I. , Finfrock Y. Zou , Gursoy Doga , Douglas Deirdre Sholto , Yao Junjie , Sun Tai-Ping , Kemner Kenneth M. , Vo-Dinh Tuan 
Published: March 2023

Plasmonic silver-coated nanorods were demonstrated to enter plant cells using a multimodal imaging approach. Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering spectra from dye-coated nanorods were acquired in vivo from whole plant leaves treated with nanorods.
Coordinated voltage control of active distribution networks with photovoltaic and power to hydrogen
Authors: Zhang Yongxiang , Chen Jian , Zhao Haoran , Zhang Wen , Jiao Wenshu , Dai Wuzhen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe rapid increase of photovoltaic (PV) penetration in active distribution networks (ADN) is posing great challenges to traditional voltage control schemes. A two‐stage voltage control strategy of ADN is proposed by the authors based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) with refined power to hydrogen (P2H) model, considering multiple types of PV forms such as residential photovoltaic cluster (RPVC) and small‐scale PV power stations. In the day‐ahead stage, the optimal power flow is performed to determine the optimal scheduling results of on‐load tap changers and capacitor banks etc. In the intra‐day stage, the real‐time voltage control strategy is implemented at the distribution network layer to regulate the power of each type of PV, energy storage systems and P2H to further reduce the voltage deviation. At the customer layer, the residential photovoltaic (RPV) within the RPVC is precisely controlled based on the ADMM algorithm to achieve the minimum voltage deviation at each RPV access point. The proposed strategy is tested on the modified IEEE 33‐bus and IEEE 69‐bus distribution systems, and the simulation results verify its effectiveness in mitigating voltage violations.
DGC‐UWnet: Underwater image enhancement based on computation‐efficient convolution and channel shuffle
Authors: Hao Xuyan , Liu Lixin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUnderwater image enhancement is receiving increasing attention due to many of the vision research being applied to underwater scenes. To eliminate the impact of complex underwater scenes on imaging, underwater image enhancement algorithm has become an effective solution. However, underwater image enhancement models face a challenge of lightening the model while improving generalizability. Here, DGC‐UWnet is proposed to go for both lightweight and enhancement effect. The proposed model is designed by using depthwise convolution, group convolution and channel shuffle (DGC). Ablation experiment shows that compared with standard convolution, DGC decreases model parameters and computational complexity, and improves the generalizability of the model. Qualitative and quantitative comparative experimental results show that comprehensive performances of the model can catch up with or even surpass state‐of‐the‐art (SOTA) algorithms in terms of processing speed, subjective visual perception and objective evaluation metrics. In addition, application test results prove that DGC‐UWnet can be used as the pre‐processing for underwater applications of other visual algorithms such as improving performance of YOLOv5l.
Robust estimation‐based multipath detection for vector tracking loop
Authors: Zou Xiaojun , Kong Yao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMultipath interference in cities has always been one of the main problems leading to abnormal positioning results of a global navigation satellite system. Vector tracking is superior to conventional scalar tracking in the ability of mitigating multipath interference. However, due to the special sharing structure, fault propagation which easily occurs in the vector tracking loop leads to false alarms of normal satellite signals during multipath detection. To solve this problem, a fault‐tolerant algorithm based on robust estimation is applied to suppress fault propagation. Meanwhile, in order to improve the ability of detecting multiple short delayed multipath signals, chi‐square detection is proposed to be used before applying the fault‐tolerant algorithm. By taking advantage of the characteristic that the occurrence of multipath signals will cause significant deviation of code phase errors, the mean value of code phase errors is used as the detection metric. Both simulation test and field experiment are carried out to verify the detection performance. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively prevent fault propagation and solve the problem of false positives of normal satellite signals. As a result, not only multipath signals are detected more accurately, but also more accurate navigation solution is obtained.
The ALMA view of MP Mus (PDS 66): A protoplanetary disk with no visible gaps down to 4 au scales
Authors: Ribas Á. , Macías E. , Weber P. , Pérez S. , Cuello N. , Dong R. , Aguayo A. , Cáceres C. , Carpenter J. , Dent W. R. F. , de Gregorio-Monsalvo I. , Duchêne G. , Espaillat C. C. , Riviere-Marichalar P. , Villenave M. 
Published: March 2023

Aims. We aim to characterize the protoplanetary disk around the nearby (d ~ 100 pc), young solar analog MP Mus (PDS 66) and to reveal any signs of planets or ongoing planet formation in the system.
Methods. We present new ALMA observations of MP Mus at 0.89 mm, 1.3 mm, and 2.2 mm with angular resolutions of ~1″, 0.05″, and 0.25″, respectively. These data probe the dust and gas in the disk with unprecedented detail and sensitivity.
Results. The disk appears smooth down to the 4 au resolution of the 1.3 mm observations, in contrast with most disks observed at comparable spatial scales. The dust disk has a radius of 60±5 au, a dust mass of 0.14-0.06+0.11 MJup, and a millimeter spectral index <2 in the inner 30 au, suggesting optically thick emission from grains with a high albedo in this region. Several molecular gas lines are also detected extending up to 130±15 au, similar to small grains traced by scattered light observations. Comparing the fluxes of different CO isotopologues with previous models yields a gas mass of 0.1–1 MJup, implying a gas-to-dust ratio of 1–10. We also measured a dynamical stellar mass of Mdyn = 1.30±0.08 M⊙ and derived an age of 7–10 Myr.
Conclusions. The survival of large grains in an evolved disk without gaps or rings is surprising, and it is possible that existing substructures remain undetected due to optically thick emission at 1.3 mm. Alternatively, small structures may still remain unresolved with the current observations. Based on simple scaling relations for gap-opening planets and gap widths, this lack of substructures places upper limits to the masses of planets in the disk as low as 2 M⊕−0.06 MJup at r > 40 au. The lack of millimeter emission at radii r > 60 au also suggests that the gap in scattered light between 30 and 80 au is likely not a gap in the disk density, but a shadow cast by a puffed-up inner disk.
Definition, Häufigkeit und Ursachen der Dystokie beim Pferd – eine Literaturübersicht
Authors: Ellerbrock Markus , Wehrend Axel 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Geburt beim Pferd wird dann als Dystokie bezeichnet, wenn eine Gefahr der Schädigung von Stute oder Fohlen durch den Geburtsvorgang ausgeht oder die Notwendigkeit der menschlichen Hilfe zur Beendigung der Geburt vorliegt oder zeitliche Abweichungen in der physiologischen Dauer der Öffnungs- und/oder Austreibungsphase auftreten. Dabei besitzt die Dauer der Austreibungsphase zur Erkennung der Dystokie herausragende Bedeutung, da diese am Verhalten der Stute gut erkannt werden kann. Die Dystokie beim Pferd wird als Notfall eingestuft, bei dem unmittelbare Lebensgefahr für die Stute und das Fohlen besteht. Die Angaben zur Dystokiehäufigkeit unterscheiden sich stark. In Untersuchungen, die in Gestüten durchgeführt wurden, tritt eine Dystokie in 2–13% bezogen auf alle Geburten ohne Berücksichtigung einer potenziellen Rassedisposition auf. Abweichungen von der gestreckten Haltung der Gliedmaßen und des Halses während der Geburt werden als häufigste Ursachen einer Schwergeburt beim Pferd klassifiziert. Der tierartspezifische lange Hals und die langen Gliedmaßen werden als Ursachen für diese Beobachtung angesehen.
The influence of γ-irradiation on molecular structure and mass attenuation coefficients of γ-Al2O3 nanoparticles
Authors: Dehghani Z. , Nezamdoost S. , Vejdani Noghreiyan A. , Nadafan M. 
Published: March 2023

In this research, γ-Al2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by using the sol–gel process. The photon attenuation properties of these NPs were obtained by measuring the linear and mass attenuation coefficients (μl, μm) at different photon energies. In addition, the theoretical values of μm for γ-Al2O3 micro-particles were calculated using the WinXCom computer program and compared with the experimental values of μm for NPs of γ-Al2O3. Furthermore, in order to evaluate the impact of γ-irradiation on these NPs, the experimental values of μl and μm for γ-Al2O3 NPs, before and after receiving 20 kGy dose of γ-irradiation, were investigated. It was observed that μm of γ-Al2O3 NPs decreases after receiving γ-irradiation because of increasing the photon’s energy, which indicates the changes in the molecular structure of NPs after γ-irradiation. Moreover, the structural properties of NPs were evaluated by UV–Vis spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction patterns, and scanning electron microscopy images. UV–Vis spectroscopy showed an absorption peak at 212.5 nm before γ-irradiation, and the absorption peak of NPs disappeared when γ-irradiation was started. The average crystalline size was determined to be 3.65 nm in the sample before γ-irradiation and 9.29 nm in the sample with the maximum dose of 20 kGy. The results of scanning electron microscopy show an increase in particle size from 6.5 nm in a non-irradiated sample up to 9 nm in a sample with the highest γ-irradiation dose.
Cryo-EM structure of the four-subunit
Rhodobacter sphaeroides
cytochrome
bc
1
complex in styrene maleic acid nanodiscs
Authors: Swainsbury David J. K. , Hawkings Frederick R. , Martin Elizabeth C. , Musiał Sabina , Salisbury Jack H. , Jackson Philip J. , Farmer David A. , Johnson Matthew P. , Siebert C. Alistair , Hitchcock Andrew , Hunter C. Neil 
Published: March 2023

Cytochrome
bc
1
complexes are ubiquinol:cytochrome
c
oxidoreductases, and as such, they are centrally important components of respiratory and photosynthetic electron transfer chains in many species of bacteria and in mitochondria. The minimal complex has three catalytic components, which are cytochrome
b
, cytochrome
c
1
, and the Rieske iron–sulfur subunit, but the function of mitochondrial cytochrome
bc
1
complexes is modified by up to eight supernumerary subunits. The cytochrome
bc
1
complex from the purple phototrophic bacterium
Rhodobacter

sphaeroides
has a single supernumerary subunit called subunit IV, which is absent from current structures of the complex. In this work we use the styrene–maleic acid copolymer to purify the
R. sphaeroides
cytochrome
bc
1
complex in native lipid nanodiscs, which retains the labile subunit IV, annular lipids, and natively bound quinones. The catalytic activity of the four-subunit cytochrome
bc
1
complex is threefold higher than that of the complex lacking subunit IV. To understand the role of subunit IV, we determined the structure of the four-subunit complex at 2.9 Å using single particle cryogenic electron microscopy. The structure shows the position of the transmembrane domain of subunit IV, which lies across the transmembrane helices of the Rieske and cytochrome
c
1
subunits. We observe a quinone at the Q
o
quinone-binding site and show that occupancy of this site is linked to conformational changes in the Rieske head domain during catalysis. Twelve lipids were structurally resolved, making contacts with the Rieske and cytochrome
b
subunits, with some spanning both of the two monomers that make up the dimeric complex.
Mixing adjectives
Authors: Torres Cacoullos Rena , Vélez Avilés Jessica 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
How do bilinguals mix adjectives and nouns from two languages with a word order conflict at the boundary between them? Prominently competing theories of code-switching (CS) that appeal to abstract features or to a matrix language remain in a stalemate, since their predictions have been reported to mostly coincide. Here, we contribute data from northern New Mexico bilingual community members who switch between Spanish and English in both directions. Beyond the NP-internal mixes within the purview of the theories, the widened data set encompasses all relevant mixes and positions: every adjective or associated noun at the boundary with the other language. We thus assess lone-item and multi-word mixing types, distinguishing also between multi-word CS at different points of the NP. Multi-word CS at the adjective-noun boundary is indeed rare. These bilinguals choose CS after the determiner with prenominal modifiers in English adjective-noun pairs, as previously observed, and at the external NP boundary. Furthermore, they disproportionately prefer the shared predicative position. Accounting for all adjective mixes, the Variable Equivalence hypothesis proposes that, where cross-language equivalence is not consistent due to language-internal variability, bilinguals prefer CS at alternative syntactic boundaries that are consistently equivalent and more frequent in their combined linguistic experience.
Two methods of forming flat magnetic structures in magnetic films with topological features
Authors: Magadeev E B , Vakhitov R M , Kanbekov R R 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The paper investigates vortex-like structures observed in ferromagnetic films with strong uniaxial easy-plane anisotropy in the presence of topological features in them. Two approaches to the creation of such features are considered, namely, perforation of the sample and the inclusion of artificial defects in it, and a theorem on their equivalence is proved, according to which the structure of magnetic inhomogeneities arising in the film itself turns out to be the same for both approaches. In the second case, the properties of magnetic vortices formed on defects are also studied, and for cylindrical defects explicit analytical expressions for the energy and configuration of vortices are obtained, which are applicable in a wide range of values of material parameters.
Nanoporous GaN by selective area sublimation through an epitaxial nanomask: AlN versus Si
x
N
y
Authors: Damilano B , Vézian S , Brault J , Ruterana P , Gil B , Tchernycheva M 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Nanoporous GaN layers were fabricated using selective area sublimation through a self-organized AlN nanomask in a molecular beam epitaxy reactor. The obtained pore morphology, density and size were measured using plan-view and cross-section scanning electron microscopy experiments. It was found that the porosity of the GaN layers could be adjusted from 0.04 to 0.9 by changing the AlN nanomask thickness and sublimation conditions. The room temperature photoluminescence properties as a function of the porosity were analysed. In particular, a strong improvement (>100) of the room temperature photoluminescence intensity was observed for porous GaN layers with a porosity in the 0.4–0.65 range. The characteristics of these porous layers were compared to those obtained with a Si
x
N
y
nanomask. Furthermore, the regrowth of p-type GaN on light emitting diode structures made porous by using either an AlN or a Si
x
N
y
nanomask were compared.
Design of behavior prediction model of molybdenum disulfide magnetic tunnel junctions using deep networks
Authors: Makdey Swapnali , Patrikar Rajendra 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ) are widely used in spintronics development owing to their high scalability and minimal power consumption. However, analyzing the electrical and magnetic behaviors of MTJ in real-time applications is challenging. In this study, an MTJ based on molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is designed, and a novel deep Elman neural behavior prediction model is developed to analyze its behavior. MoS2 acts as a tunnel barrier in the proposed model, whereas iron oxide (Fe3O4) acts as a ferromagnetic electrode. The interface between Fe3O4 and MoS2 in the MTJ improves the spin polarization and tunnel magnetoresistance ratio. Herein, the performance parameters of the MTJ are used as inputs for the developed prediction model, which analyzes the magnetic and electrical properties of the MTJ using prediction parameters. The spin currents in the parallel and antiparallel configurations are also determined. The designed model is implemented using MATLAB and validated by comparing simulation and experimental results. Moreover, a maximum resistivity of 91 Ω is attained at a temperature of 300 K for the proposed model. At 120 K, under a positive bias, the proposed model achieves a TMR ratio of 0.936. Under negative bias, the maximum TMR ratio attained by the proposed model is 0.817.
Inverse analysis of micro-mechanical parameters of rock-forming minerals based on nano-indentation technology
Authors: Hu Lingbao , Wang Fuzeng , Meng Yanxin , Jiang Feng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The micro-mechanical properties of rock-forming minerals have an important influence on the macro-mechanical properties of rocks. However, it was difficult to obtain the micro-mechanical parameters of rock-forming minerals directly through traditional experiments. In this paper, an inverse method of micro-mechanical parameters of rock-forming minerals based on nano-indentation technology was proposed. In the forward analysis, the nano-indentation test was performed on four typical granite minerals. In the reverse analysis, an axisymmetric finite element model was used to simulate the nano-indentation test on granite minerals. Then, the calibration procedure of micro-mechanical parameters based on central composite design was established to reproduce the nano-indentation curves of four typical granite minerals. In order to verify the validity of inversion results, the optimized micro-mechanical parameters were inputted into the finite element model to gain the numerical curves, and they were compared with the curves of nano-indentation test, the simulated curves match well with the test results. Furthermore, the uniaxial compression model of rock based on mineral were established to further verify the accuracy of inversion results, the simulation results show that the inversion results can better simulate the macro-mechanical properties of rock. This study develops an inverse method of rock-forming minerals based on nano-indentation test, and it may be helpful to explain the macro-mechanical properties of rock from the micro-mechanical perspective and to establish the micro-mechanical model of rock.