bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase 1 Clinical Trial of PPMX‐T003, a Novel Human Monoclonal Antibody Specific for Transferrin Receptor 1, to Evaluate Its Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics
Authors: Ogama Yoichiro , Kumagai Yuji , Komatsu Norio , Araki Marito , Masubuchi Nami , Akiyoshi Hiroko , Matsuura Tadashi , Kirisako Hiromi , Kyoya Akiko , Nomura Fumiko , Ohira Yuta , Yokokawa Takuya , Yamamoto Yukiya 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of PPMX‐T003, a novel human monoclonal antibody for transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1), in healthy individuals. Forty participants were enrolled and randomized to PPMX‐T003 dose groups (n = 6/group) and the placebo group (n = 10). The safety and pharmacokinetics profiles were assessed according to the sequential, ascending single‐dose intravenous infusions of PPMX‐T003 from 0.008 mg/kg to 0.25 mg/kg. Adverse events (AEs) after PPMX‐T003 administration occurred in 16 of 30 participants. Any severe AE and AE incidence were not reported, but they tended to increase depending on the dose. Laboratory tests, vital signs, and standard 12‐lead electrocardiogram showed no clinically relevant changes. Five participants experienced an infusion‐related reaction but recovered on days 5–10. Regarding pharmacokinetics, PPMX‐T003 has a nonlinear elimination pattern. PPMX‐T003 in the 0.25 mg/kg group showed apparent (>50%) decreased serum levels of reticulocytes from day 3 and sustained moderate (<10%) fall of hematocrit and hemoglobin counts from day 7. In conclusion, the antibody‐mediated blockade of TFR1 elicited the expected fall in blood cell levels and showed an acceptable safety profile, supporting the continuing development of PPMX‐T003 as a new candidate for polycythemia vera treatment.
A variable neighborhood search for Open Vehicle Routing Problem
Authors: Ozcetin Erdener , Ozturk Gurkan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this study, the Open Vehicle Routing Problem, which the companies widely employ in practice using third‐party logistics services, is discussed. This problem is in the class of high‐dimensional and complex optimization problems. A three‐phase Variable Neighborhood Search Algorithm was proposed to solve large‐scale problems efficiently. In this proposed method, eight different neighborhoods are used, four within the route and four between the routes. In addition to this, wise shaking strategies are designed to escape local optimal solutions. The method's performance was tested on literature test instances and comparatively reported its competitiveness.
A CuI Cluster‐Based Covalent Metal‐Organic Framework as a Photocatalyst for Efficient Visible‐Light‐Driven Reduction of CO2
Authors: Cui Jinxian , Fu Yaomei , Song Jian , Meng Bo , Zhou Jie , Zhou Ziyan , Su Zhongmin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe application of solar energy to convert CO2 into high‐value chemicals and fuels has been considered a highly desirable approach to relieving the greenhouse effect and energy crisis. However, the exploration of appropriate photocatalysts remains a major challenge. Combining the respective advantages of covalent organic frameworks and metal−organic frameworks to construct covalent metal−organic frameworks (CMOFs) can be a valid strategy to provide efficient, reliable, and eco‐friendly photocatalysts. In this study, a CuI cluster‐based CMOF (JNM‐2) is used as a photocatalyst for CO2 photoreduction under visible‐light irradiation. JNM‐2 exhibits remarkable efficiency in photocatalytic CO2 reduction with high production rates of HCOOH (9019 μmol g−1 h−1) and CO (835 μmol g−1 h−1). The active center, reaction intermediates, and product generation pathways are elucidated by in situ DRIFTS and DFT calculations. This work demonstrates the tremendous possibilities of CMOFs as photocatalysts for CO2 reduction and provides profound insights into the mechanism of CO2 conversion into HCOOH/CO by using a molecularly accurate structural model.
Comparison of patterns of drug levels in head and body hair for medico‐legal and workplace testing
Authors: Tsanaclis Lolita , Nutt James , Bevan Siân , Bagley Kim , Wicks John 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper presents concentration ranges and positivity rates for the common drugs, alcohol markers, new psychoactive substances (NPS) and anabolic steroids tested in head hair (n = 138,352) and body hair (n = 9532) on samples of hair from medico‐legal (n = 112,033) and workplace (n = 35,851) sectors tested in our laboratory. Statistically significant higher levels were found more often in the various types of body hair when compared with head hair, but fewer cases exhibited lower levels. For example, statistically significant higher levels were detected in leg hair for cannabinol, THC, methadone and EtG and in beard hair for THC, THC‐COOH and 6‐acetylmorphine. In contrast, significantly lower levels were detected in axilla hair for cannabinol, THC and for EDDP, but median levels of mephedrone and DHEA were higher. Overall, higher medium levels were detected in head hair samples tested in the UK when compared with those previously published for samples tested in Germany, indicating geographical differences in drug consumption. Recommendations are, firstly, that hair testing laboratories use the results of their own compiled previous positive results for guidance when interpreting hair testing results and, secondly, that laboratories periodically share and combine their accumulated data with other testing laboratories. The latter could be used to establish reference ranges associated with specific technical procedures which would improve interlaboratory comparability and improve laboratory testing services when interpreting hair testing results.
Intelligence‐based doping control planning improves testing effectiveness: Perspectives from a national anti‐doping organisation
Authors: Lauritzen Fredrik , Holden Geir 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAnti‐doping organisations are mandated to provide a comprehensive anti‐doping programme, which aims to detect, deter and prevent doping in sport. Direct detection of prohibited substances and methods by collection of biological samples from athletes makes up about half of the global anti‐doping budgets but has in the last decade been under critical scrutiny for its lack of efficiency. To ensure optimum detection and deterrence of testing and prevention efforts, a better understanding of doping practices and comparison of different doping test strategies are needed. This study evaluates 17 years of doping test statistics and Anti‐Doping Rule Violations (ADRVs) from the perspectives of a national anti‐doping organisation. A total of 48 709 samples (2865 ± 220 annually) were collected by Anti‐Doping Norway in the period 2003–2019, which resulted in total 216 ADRVs (12.7 ± 3.7 annually), providing an average sample‐to‐ADRV rate of 0.44% when including urine, blood and ABP samples. Most athletes who committed ADRVs were men participating in ball and team or strength sports at a national or recreational level. Few ADRVs were recorded among elite athletes and in most high‐risk sports, despite these groups being subjected to the highest number of doping tests. The number of annual ADRVs did not correlate with the corresponding number of collected doping samples. However, systematic use of intelligence in the test planning process was associated with an increase in ADRVs. Anti‐doping organisations would benefit from improving their target testing capability and to take an intelligence‐led approach in planning doping tests.
Eating behavior in atypical anorexia nervosa
Authors: Jablonski Monica , Schebendach Janet , Walsh B. Timothy , Steinglass Joanna E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveAtypical anorexia nervosa (AN) has been increasingly identified in the community and in clinical settings. Initial studies indicate that psychological symptoms are similar or more severe among patients with atypical AN, as compared with AN. This study examined whether eating behavior differed among patients with AN (n = 98), patients with atypical AN (n = 18), and healthy controls (HC, n = 75).MethodAdults and adolescents chose what to eat from a standardized, laboratory‐based multi‐item meal. Total intake, macronutrient composition, diet variety, and energy density were compared between groups.ResultsBoth AN and atypical AN severely restricted caloric intake as compared with HC (431 ± 396 kcal and 340 ± 338 kcal vs. 879 ± 350 kcal, F2,188 = 35.4, p < .001). Individuals with AN and atypical AN did not differ in the mean intake of total calories or percentage of calories from fat (15.2 ± 25.2% vs. 11.5 ± 16.9%).DiscussionThis study demonstrates that individuals with atypical AN are at least as restrictive in their food intake as individuals with AN, and the restriction of dietary fat is particularly notable. Examination of eating behavior in a larger sample would be useful to replicate these findings. The current study highlights the need to understand maladaptive eating behavior in atypical AN in order to develop appropriate treatment recommendations.Public SignificanceAtypical anorexia nervosa is emerging as a prevalent eating disorder in community and clinical populations. The findings that patients with atypical anorexia nervosa limit calorie and fat intake in a pattern similar to that of patients with anorexia nervosa highlights the need for research to identify appropriate treatment strategies for normalization of eating patterns.
Tree symbioses sustain nitrogen fixation despite excess nitrogen supply
Authors: Menge Duncan N. L. , Wolf Amelia A. , Funk Jennifer L. , Perakis Steven S. , Akana Palani R. , Arkebauer Rachel , Bytnerowicz Thomas A. , Carreras Pereira K. A. , Huddell Alexandra M. , Kou‐Giesbrecht Sian , Ortiz Sarah K. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSymbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) is a key ecological process whose impact depends on the strategy of SNF regulation—the degree to which rates of SNF change in response to limitation by N versus other resources. SNF that is obligate or exhibits incomplete downregulation can result in excess N fixation, whereas a facultative SNF strategy does not. We hypothesized that tree‐based SNF strategies differed by latitude (tropical vs. temperate) and symbiotic type (actinorhizal vs. rhizobial). Specifically, we expected tropical rhizobial symbioses to display strongly facultative SNF as an explanation of their success in low‐latitude forests. In this study we used 15N isotope dilution field experiments in New York, Oregon, and Hawaii to determine SNF strategies in six N‐fixing tree symbioses. Nitrogen fertilization with +10 and +15 g N m−2 year−1 for 4–5 years alleviated N limitation in all taxa, paving the way to determine SNF strategies. Contrary to our hypothesis, all six of the symbioses we studied sustained SNF even at high N. Robinia pseudoacacia (temperate rhizobial) fixed 91% of its N (%Ndfa) in controls, compared to 64% and 59% in the +10 and +15 g N m−2 year−1 treatments. For Alnus rubra (temperate actinorhizal), %Ndfa was 95%, 70%, and 60%. For the tropical species, %Ndfa was 86%, 80%, and 82% for Gliricidia sepium (rhizobial); 79%, 69%, and 67% for Casuarina equisetifolia (actinorhizal); 91%, 42%, and 67% for Acacia koa (rhizobial); and 60%, 51%, and 19% for Morella faya (actinorhizal). Fertilization with phosphorus did not stimulate tree growth or SNF. These results suggest that the latitudinal abundance distribution of N‐fixing trees is not caused by a shift in SNF strategy. They also help explain the excess N in many forests where N fixers are common.
Research on scale inhibition law of high sulfate mine water based on response surface methodology
Authors: Wang Wen , Cui Jianguo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe problem of scale inhibition in thermal power plants using mine water as circulating cooling water is a major focus of current engineering attention. Mine water in North China is predominantly high sulfate mine water, with mine water in Shanxi mines generally having a sulfate content of over 1000 mg/L. Currently, most thermal power plants blindly follow the previous scale inhibitor with carbonate scale as the main scale inhibition target, which leads to a large amount of sulfate scale in its circulating cooling system, which is difficult to remove after the formation of sulfate scale. On the basis of the experiments, the corresponding scale inhibition laws were studied using the response surface method for the water quality characteristics of high sulfate mine water. The scaling process on the heat exchange surface of the circulating cooling water system was simulated by the hanging sheet deposition method, and the quantitative analysis was carried out by the weight method. Using EDTMPS as an example, the scale inhibition law of sulfate‐type scale inhibitors for this type of mine water was systematically investigated. The experiments showed that the scale inhibition rate (reduction of deposited scale after scale inhibitor dosing) reached a peak of 95.21% at a time of 6.1 h, a solution temperature of 70°C and an EDTMPS dosing rate of 6 mg/L.
Bridging the gap between agriculture and climate: Mitigation of nitrous oxide emissions from fertilizers
Authors: Kollar Abbey J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe climate crisis has long been a looming threat. While focus has been on carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide is a potent greenhouse gas with 298 times the warming potential of carbon dioxide and deserves attention. Almost three quarters of nitrous oxide is emitted from agricultural soil management, including the use of nitrogenous fertilizers. The inherent connection between agriculture and climate not only reveals the problems but also the solutions. Managing soil health especially nitrogenous compounds can reduce nitrous oxide emissions, fertilizer input, and costs to farmers. Concerns about climate are directly tied to food production, and a growing population will only exacerbate the situation: approximately half of food production currently relies on fertilizers, and the expected doubling of food demand in the forthcoming years will augment this reliance on fertilizers for sustaining and increasing yields. Now, more than ever, understanding and preserving soil nutrient health with relation to fertilizer use is necessary.While conservation efforts have been made, there is a lack of attention toward fertilizers and nitrous oxide. This article explores the technological advancements of the field including biotechnology, electrochemistry, enhanced fertilizer products, and farming practices that have the potential to limit fertilizer use, reduce nitrous oxide emissions, and create greener fertilizer production processes. Policy and research gaps are unraveled to reveal that the federal government should address these issues through the following policy recommendations:
Improving Current USDA Conservation Programs. Increasing access to current conservation programs and measuring effectiveness of these programs.
Farm Bill Updates for 2023. Reauthorizing the Farm Bill to include appropriations for market creation and adaptation, increasing nutrient management plans, and standardized labeling.
Expansion of State Fertilizer Programs. Using current state legislation, other states should expand their fertilizer oversight, value land grant universities, and recognize AAPFCO guidance.
Increasing Sustainable Domestic Production of Fertilizers. Decreasing reliance on other nations and controlling production processes for sustainable production.
Congressional Approval for Authorizing EPA Greenhouse Gas Regulation. Clarifying EPA authority on how to regulate greenhouse gas emissions, including nitrous oxide.
These recommendations will allow for the necessary education and oversight of fertilizer production and use and related technologies, which directly impact nitrous oxide production from agricultural soils. While solving the climate crisis is multifaceted, attention must be drawn to the agricultural sector and using practices that reduce nitrous oxide emissions while ensuring crop yields to sustain the population.
Study of phase and physical property changes during gas lift injection of high CO2‐content associated gas in the offshore M oil field
Authors: Chen Huan , Xing Xuesong , Fan Baitao , Yu Jifei , Guo Hua , Wu Zhenghua , Wang Ying , Zhang Manlai 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe gas lift in the offshore M field will be performed with high CO2‐content associated gas, but the change of wellbore temperature and pressure during the injection process will lead to the change of phase and physical parameters of associated gas, which has a great impact on the design of gas lift. To ensure the smooth implementation of gas lift in the offshore M field, this paper conducts a study on the physical parameters of associated gas considering the change of CO2 phase state. We obtained the density, viscosity, compression factor, constant pressure specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and Joule Thomson coefficient at each temperature and pressure by Hysys calculation, and regression analysis to obtain the regression model of the physical parameters; finally, the regression model was compared with the flash experiment and Hysys calculation results. The results show that the CO2 phase change has a large influence on the physical parameters; R2 > 0.8, which indicates that the regression model has sufficient reliability; the results of the comparison show that the empirical formulas of all physical properties have sufficient accuracy and superiority except Joule–Thomson coefficients. In addition, the empirical formula of the Joule–Thomson coefficient also has good accuracy and superiority at the pressure not exceeding 22 MPa. The study of phase changes and physical parameters of associated gas with high CO2 content provides a basis for subsequent gas lift design in the offshore M field and multiphase flow calculations in the wellbore during the gas lift. Although this study is only applicable to this sample, it also provides a feasible research method for other samples.
The effects of the CO2 database on a localized AquaCrop model construction based on a field experiment
Authors: Li Fawen , Song Chunya , Li Hua 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo examine whether the use of the default CO2 database affected the simulation, this paper built AquaCrop models of winter wheat based on the measured CO2 database and the default CO2 database. The results showed that the maximum relative error (RE) of the simulated values of biomass and yield under both databases was below 4%, and the residual coefficient method (CRM) and normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) were within ±2%. Compared with the default database, the accuracy under the measured database was higher. To further verify the model, the simulated values of evapotranspiration and soil water content were analysed. The results showed that the RE of evapotranspiration was between 2% and 6% compared with the measured value in the seedling, overwintering and mature periods. In general, the simulated values of evapotranspiration were consistent with the measured values at different irrigation levels. The simulated values of the soil water content were all higher than the measured values, but the simulated results basically reflected the dynamic changes in the soil water content. The results showed that in the absence of measured CO2 data, the default CO2 database can be used and the accuracy of the model meets the actual demand.
Cartilage biomechanics: From the basic facts to the challenges of tissue engineering
Authors: Petitjean Noémie , Canadas Patrick , Royer Pascale , Noël Danièle , Le Floc'h Simon 
Published: December 2022

AbstractArticular cartilage (AC) is the thin tissue that covers the long bone ends in the joints and that ensures the transmission of forces between adjacent bones while allowing nearly frictionless movements between them. AC repair is a technologic and scientific challenge that has been addressed with numerous approaches. A major deadlock is the capacity to take in account its complex mechanical properties in repair strategies. In this review, we first describe the major mechanical behaviors of AC for the non‐specialists. Then, we show how researchers have progressively identified specific mechanical parameters using mathematical models. There are still gaps in our understanding of some of the observations concerning AC biomechanical properties, particularly the differences in extracellular matrix stiffness measured at the microscale and at the millimetric scale. Nevertheless, for bioengineering applications, AC repair strategies must take into account what are commonly considered the main mechanical features of cartilage: its ability to withstand high stresses through three main behaviors (elasticity, poroelasticity and swelling). Finally, we emphasize that future studies need to investigate AC mechanical properties at different scales, particularly the gradient of mechanical properties around cells and across the cartilage depth, and the differences in mechanical properties at different scales. This multi‐scale approach could greatly enhance the success of AC restorative approaches.
Unraveling the mechanisms of inhibition of silver‐doped bioactiveglass–ceramicparticles
Authors: Pajares‐Chamorro Natalia , Lensmire Josh M. , Hammer Neal D. , Hardy Jonathan W. , Chatzistavrou Xanthippi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInfections are a major concern in orthopedics. Antibacterial agents such as silver ions are of great interest as broad‐spectrum biocides and have been incorporated into bioactive glass–ceramic particles to control the release of ions within a therapeutic concentration and provide tissue regenerative properties. In this work, the antibacterial capabilities of silver‐doped bioactive glass (Ag‐BG) microparticles were explored to reveal the unedited mechanisms of inhibition against methicillin‐resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA). The antibacterial properties were not limited to the delivery of silver ions but rather a combination of antibacterial degradation by‐products. For example, nano‐sized debris punctured holes in bacteria membranes, osmotic effects, and reactive oxygen species causing oxidative stress and almost 40% of the inhibition. Upon successive Ag‐BG treatments, MRSA underwent phenotypic and genomic mutations which were not only insufficient to develop resistance but instead, the clones became more sensitive as the treatment was re‐delivered. Additionally, the unprecedented restorative functionality of Ag‐BG allowed the effective use of antibiotics that MRSA resists. The synergy mechanism was mainly identified for combinations targeting cell‐wall activity and their action was proven in biofilm‐like and virulent conditions. Unraveling these mechanisms may offer new insights into how to tailor healthcare materials to prevent or debilitate infections and join the fight against antibiotic resistance in clinical cases.