bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence, risk factors, and clinical characteristics of airway complications after lung transplantation
Authors: Kim Hyeon Hwa , Jo Kyung-Wook , Shim Tae Sun , Ji Wonjun , Ahn Jee Hwan , Oh Dong Kyu , Hong Sang-Bum , Yun Jae Kwang , Lee Geun Dong , Choi Sehoon , Kim Dong Kwan , Park Seung-Il , Kim Ho Cheol 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAirway complications may occur after lung transplantation and are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. We investigated the incidence, risk factors, and clinical characteristics of these complications. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 137 patients who underwent lung transplantation between 2008 and 2021. The median follow-up period was 20 months. Of the 137 patients, 30 (21.9%) had postoperative airway complications, of which 2 had two different types of airway complications. The most common airway complication was bronchial stenosis, affecting 23 patients (16.8%). Multivariable Cox analysis revealed that a recipient’s body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2 (hazard ratio [HR], 2.663; p = 0.013) was a significant independent risk factor for airway complications, as was postoperative treatment with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO; HR, 3.340; p = 0.034). Of the 30 patients who had airway complications, 21 (70.0%) were treated with bronchoscopic intervention. Survival rates did not differ significantly between patients with and without airway complications. Thus, our study revealed that one fifth of patients who underwent lung transplantation experienced airway complications during the follow-up period. Obesity and receiving postoperative ECMO are risk factors for airway complications, and close monitoring is warranted in such cases.
Active visual search in naturalistic environments reflects individual differences in classic visual search performance
Authors: Botch Thomas L. , Garcia Brenda D. , Choi Yeo Bi , Feffer Nicholas , Robertson Caroline E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractVisual search is a ubiquitous activity in real-world environments. Yet, traditionally, visual search is investigated in tightly controlled paradigms, where head-restricted participants locate a minimalistic target in a cluttered array that is presented on a computer screen. Do traditional visual search tasks predict performance in naturalistic settings, where participants actively explore complex, real-world scenes? Here, we leverage advances in virtual reality technology to test the degree to which classic and naturalistic search are limited by a common factor, set size, and the degree to which individual differences in classic search behavior predict naturalistic search behavior in a large sample of individuals (N = 75). In a naturalistic search task, participants looked for an object within their environment via a combination of head-turns and eye-movements using a head-mounted display. Then, in a classic search task, participants searched for a target within a simple array of colored letters using only eye-movements. In each task, we found that participants’ search performance was impacted by increases in set size—the number of items in the visual display. Critically, we observed that participants’ efficiency in classic search tasks—the degree to which set size slowed performance—indeed predicted efficiency in real-world scenes. These results demonstrate that classic, computer-based visual search tasks are excellent models of active, real-world search behavior.
Differential effects of low and high temperature stress on pollen germination and tube length of mango (Mangifera indica L.) genotypes
Authors: Liu Xinyu , Xiao Yilin , Zi Jing , Yan Jing , Li Chunhong , Du Chengxun , Wan Jiaxin , Wu Hongxia , Zheng Bin , Wang Songbiao , Liang Qingzhi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMango flowering is highly sensitive to temperature changes. In this research, the maximum values of pollen germination rate (PGR), pollen tube length (PTL) and their cardinal temperatures (Tmin, Topt and Tmax) were estimated by using quadratic equation and modified bilinear model under the conditions of 14–36 °C. The pollen germination rate in four mango varieties ranged from 29.1% (‘Apple mango’) to 35.5% (‘Renong No. 1’); the length of pollen tube ranged from 51.2 μm (‘Deshehari’) to 56.6 μm (‘Jinhuang’). The cardinal temperatures ranges (Tmin, Topt and Tmax) of pollen germination were 20.3–22.8 °C, 26.7–30.6 °C and 30.4–34.3 °C, respectively; similarly, cardinal temperatures (Tmin, Topt and Tmax) of pollen tube growth were 20.3–21.2 °C, 27.9–32.1 °C and 30.2–34.4 °C respectively. Of those, ‘Renong No. 1’ could maintain relatively high pollen germination rate even at 30 °C, however, ‘Deshehari’ had the narrowest adaptive temperature range. These results were further confirmed by changes of superoxide dismutase, catalase activity and malondialdehyde content. These results showed that mango flowering was highly sensitive to temperature changes and there were significant differences in pollen germination rate and pollen tube length among different varieties. Current research results were of great significance for the introduction of new mango varieties in different ecological regions, the cultivation and management of mango at the flowering stage and the breeding of new mango varieties.
Enhancement of electrical conductivity of Zn4Sb3 by addition of ZnO particles
Authors: Tahashi Masahiro , Goto Hideo 
Published: January 2023

We have investigated the effect of the addition of 50 nm ZnO particles on the thermoelectric material Zn4Sb3 from the view point of the electrical conduction. The conductivity of Zn4Sb3 reached its maximum value upon the addition of 0.3 wt. % of ZnO particles. This value was four times larger than that of the undoped sample. The mobility also displayed the same trend as the conductivity, indicating that the change in the conductivity of Zn4Sb3 by the addition of ZnO particles was attributable to the ZnO content dependence of the mobility.
Origin of enhanced conductivity in low dose ion irradiated oxides
Authors: Borgersen Jon , Karsthof Robert , Rønning Vegard , Vines Lasse , von Wenckstern Holger , Grundmann Marius , Kuznetsov Andrej Yu , Johansen Klaus Magnus 
Published: January 2023

Significant resistivity variations have previously been observed in oxides subjected to relatively low ion irradiation doses, nominally insufficient to generate the amount of bulk defects needed to explain the phenomena. In an effort to unveil the underlying mechanisms, we performed a systematic comparative study of the resistivity evolution in In2O3-based oxides as a function of low ion doses and ultraviolet (UV) illumination, observing striking correlations. Specifically, we found that irradiation with ∼3 × 1012 Si/cm2 and ∼18 h UV exposure result in similar resistivity drops, interpreted in terms of irradiation/illumination assisted desorption of oxygen containing species from the surface. This was further proven by post-irradiation exposure of one of the samples to an oxygen atmosphere partially restoring the resistivity. Combining the present results with literature data, we conclude that the radiation tolerance of In2O3-based and similar oxides depends on the surface charge modifications, individual defect contributions, and contributions from defect complexes at low, intermediate, and high doses, respectively.
Phase engineering in tantalum sulfide monolayers on Au(111)
Authors: Dombrowski Daniela , Samad Abdus , Mehlich Kai , Chagas Thais , Schwingenschlögl Udo , Busse Carsten 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We prepare monolayers of tantalum sulfide on Au(111) by evaporation of Ta in a reactive background of H2S. Under sulfur-rich conditions, monolayers of 2H-TaS2 develop, whereas under sulfur-poor conditions TaS forms, a structure that can be derived from 2H-TaS2 by removal of the bottom S layer. We analyze the alignment of the layers with respect to the substrate and the relation with the domains in the Au(111) herringbone reconstruction using scanning tunneling microscopy. With the help of density functional theory calculations we can determine the registry of the two phases with the substrate. We develop a growth process that allows preparation of uniquely oriented 2H-TaS2 on Au(111). 2H-TaS2 and TaS have a remarkably similar in-plane lattice structure and we observe the formation of lateral 2H-TaS2-TaS heterostructures with atomically well-defined and defect-free boundaries. We observe mirror twin boundaries within 2H-TaS2 along the S- and Ta-edge.
Drug–drug interactions in nursing home residents: analysis from the COME-ON trial
Authors: Lion Simon , Evrard Perrine , Foulon Veerle , Spinewine Anne 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
as a result of the high prevalence of polypharmacy in nursing homes (NHs), nursing home residents (NHRs) are exposed to numerous drug–drug interactions (DDIs) that can lead to adverse drug effects, and increased morbidity and mortality.

Objectives
to evaluate (i) the prevalence of DDIs among NHRs and its evolution over time, and (ii) factors associated with a favourable evolution.

Design
posthoc analysis of the COME-ON study, a cluster-randomised controlled trial aiming at reducing potentially inappropriate prescriptions in NHs, through the implementation of a complex intervention.

Setting and subjects
901 NHRs from 54 Belgian NHs.

Methods
DDIs were identified using a validated list of 66 potentially clinically relevant DDIs in older adults. We defined a favourable evolution at 15 months as the resolution of at least one DDI present at baseline, without the introduction of any new DDI. Factors associated with a favourable evolution were analysed using multivariable logistic regression.

Results
at baseline, 475 NHRs (52.7%) were exposed to at least 1 DDI and 225 NHRs (25.0%) to more than one DDI. Most common DDI was ‘Concomitant use of at least three central nervous system active drugs’. At 15 months, we observed a 6.3% absolute decrease in DDI prevalence in intervention group, and a 1.0% absolute increase in control group. The intervention, older age and private NH ownership were significantly associated with a favourable DDI evolution.

Conclusion
a high prevalence of DDI in Belgian NHs was observed, but the COME-ON intervention was associated with a favourable evolution over time.
Challenges of defining renal response in ANCA-associated vasculitis: call to action?
Authors: Odler Balazs , Bruchfeld Annette , Scott Jennifer , Geetha Duvuru , Little Mark A , Jayne David R W , Kronbichler Andreas 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Avoiding end-stage kidney disease in patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis (AAV) has a high therapeutic priority. Although renal response is a crucial measure to capture clinically relevant changes, clinal trials have used various definitions and no well-studied key surrogate markers to predict renal outcome in AAV exist. Differences in clinical features and histopathologic and therapeutic approaches will influence the course of kidney function. Its assessment through traditional surrogates (i.e. serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate, proteinuria, hematuria and disease activity scores) has limitations. Refinement of these markers and the incorporation of novel approaches such as the assessment of histopathological changes using cutting-edge molecular and machine learning mechanisms or new biomarkers could significantly improve prognostication. The timing is favourable since large datasets of trials conducted in AAV are available and provide a valuable resource to establish renal surrogate markers and, likely, aim to investigate optimized and tailored treatment approaches according to a renal response score. In this review we discuss important points missed in the assessment of kidney function in patients with AAV and point towards the importance of defining renal response and clinically important short- and long-term predictors of renal outcome.
A case report of a myocardial ischaemic attack: a novel hyperenhancement pattern on cardiac magnetic resonance in focal ischaemic injury
Authors: Nies Hedwig M J M , Vromen Tom , Mihl Casper , Bekkers Sebastiaan C A M , Rasoul Saman , Holtackers Robert J , Smulders Martijn W 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundDelayed enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance (DE-CMR) is the reference standard for the non-invasive assessment of myocardial fibrosis. DE-CMR is able to distinguish ischaemic from non-ischaemic aetiologies based on differences in hyperenhancement distribution patterns. Hyperenhancement caused by ischaemic injury typically involves the endocardium, while hyperenhancement confined to the mid- and epicardial layers of the myocardium suggests a non-ischaemic aetiology.Case summaryThis is a case of a 20-year-old male with an unremarkable medical history with an acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction. DE-CMR revealed two distinct patterns of hyperenhancement: (i) a ‘normal’ wavefront-ischaemic pattern, and (ii) multiple atypical mid-wall and epicardial areas of focal hyperenhancement. Invasive coronary angiography (ICA) and coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) showed multiple intracoronary thrombi and distal emboli in the left anterior descending, ramus circumflexus, and in smaller branches of the LCA. All hyperenhancement patterns observed on DE-CMR perfectly matched the distribution territories of the affected coronary arteries.DiscussionThis case with an acute myocardial infarction showed intracoronary thrombi and emboli on ICA and CCTA. Interestingly, DE-CMR showed two different patterns of hyperenhancement in the same territories of the coronary thrombi. This observation may challenge the concept that these non-endocardial areas of hyperenhancement on DE-CMR are always of non-ischaemic aetiology. It is hypothesized that occlusion of smaller distal branches of the coronary arteries may result in mid-wall or epicardial fibrosis as opposed to subendocardial fibrosis commonly found in patients with a large epicardial coronary occlusion. Clinicians should be aware of these atypical patterns to be able to initiate adequate medical therapy.
Early adulthood exercise capacity, but not muscle strength, associates with subclinical atherosclerosis 40 years later in Swedish men
Authors: Fortuin-de Smidt Melony , Bergman Frida , Grönlund Christer , Hult Andreas , Norberg Margareta , Wennberg Maria , Wennberg Patrik 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimsPoor exercise capacity and muscle strength in early adulthood are risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, it is unclear how these factors relate to subclinical atherosclerosis due to a lack of longitudinal studies. This study investigated whether early adulthood exercise capacity and muscle strength associated with later adulthood subclinical atherosclerosis.Methods and resultsThis study included Swedish men (n = 797) who were eligible for military conscription (at ∼18-years of age) and who participated in the baseline assessment of the visualization of asymptomatic atherosclerotic disease for optimum cardiovascular prevention trial between 2013 and 2016 (at 60 years of age). At conscription, isometric muscle strength (dynamometer) and maximum exercise capacity (maximal load cycle ergometer test) were measured. During later adulthood (at 60 years old), the presence of carotid plaques and intima media thickness were measured by using high-resolution ultrasound. At follow-up, plaques were present in 62% (n = 493) of men. Exercise capacity in early adulthood associated with 19% lower odds of plaques [odds ratio (OR) 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68–0.96], independent of muscle strength. This association was not mediated by any single CVD risk factor. However, the total indirect effect of later, but not early, adulthood CVD risk factors was significant, while the direct effect was non-significant (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.71–1.02). Associations between muscle strength and subclinical atherosclerosis were non-significant.ConclusionHigher exercise capacity during early adulthood, but not muscle strength, may protect against carotid plaque development during adulthood mediated by the combination rather than a single later adulthood CVD risk factors.
Characterization of the chemical fungicides-responsive and bacterial pathogen-preventing Bacillus licheniformis in rice spikelet
Authors: Zhan Chengfang , Wu Mengchen , Fang Hongda , Liu Xiaoyu , Pan Jiuyue , Fan Xiaoyan , Wang Mengcen , Matsumoto Haruna 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Seed-borne bacterial pathogens cause severe yield loss and biotoxin contamination in rice, leading to increasing concern on the global food supply and environmental safety. Plant native microbes play an important role in defending against diseases, but their actions are often influenced by the chemical fungicides applied in the field. Here, Bacillus licheniformis mmj was isolated from rice spikelet, which uniquely showed not only fungicide-responsiveness but also broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against major rice bacterial pathogens including Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, Burkholderia plantarii and Burkholderia glumae. To understand the hallmark underlying the environmental adaptation and antimicrobial activity of B. licheniformis mmj, the genome sequence was determined by SMRT and subjected to bioinformatics analysis. Genome sequence analysis enabled the identification of a set of antimicrobial-resistance and antibacterial activity genes together with an array of harsh environment-adaptive genes. Moreover, B. licheniformis mmj metabolites were analyzed with gas chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, and the volatile components that were linked with the antimicrobial activity were preliminarily profiled. Collectively, the present findings reveal the genomic and metabolic landscapes underlying fungicide-responsive B. licheniformis, which offers a new opportunity to design harsh environment-adaptive biopesticides to cope with prevalent bacterial phytopathogens.
Mediated Audience Costs: Jordan–Israeli Diplomacy before the 1967 Arab–Israeli War
Authors: Cebul Matthew D 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Audience cost theory remains prominent in scholarship on international crises. However, the theory suffers from several weaknesses, including a lack of historical evidence and concerns about the visibility of audience costs to foreign adversaries. This article engages with both concerns. I theorize that third-party diplomacy can help leaders signal their audience costs by corroborating their vulnerability to domestic punishment. I illustrate this mediated audience cost mechanism with an archival case study of Jordan–Israeli relations surrounding the 1966 Samu incident. I find that US crisis diplomacy helped Jordanian King Hussein to signal his vulnerability to a military coup d’état, and thus his resolve to retaliate against Israeli aggression, which in turn led Israel to refrain from further counterterror raids into the West Bank. The analysis integrates audience cost theory with crisis diplomacy in practice, and suggests several implications for future audience cost scholarship.
Effect of 0.05% chlorhexidine gluconate in water on the hydrophilic inflatable penile prosthesis: biocompatibility, adherence, and dip time
Authors: Griggs Ryan , Karpman Edward , Jones LeRoy , Twomey Carolyn , Henry Gerard 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundRates of infection after inflatable penile prosthesis range from 1% to 3%; however, a new surgical irrigation solution is Food and Drug Administration cleared as antimicrobial wound lavage and appears to be safe for patients and noncaustic during hydrophilic inflatable penile prosthesis (hIPP) dipping and irrigation.AimTo evaluate if 0.05% chlorhexidine (CHG) lavage is caustic to the hIPP coating and if dip adherence is dependent on time.MethodsPreconnected hIPP devices were tested at a Coloplast research and development laboratory. The devices were soaked in the 0.05% CHG lavage solution or normal saline for 1, 15, 30, and 60 minutes. Subsequently, all parts were dried for 15 minutes in a 35 °C oven. A Congo red dye test was performed following a Coloplast-validated and Food and Drug Administration–cleared test method to ensure product reliability. Implants were then visually inspected for deleterious effects as well as dip coverage. In addition, we evaluated 0.05% CHG lavage solution vs previously published hIPP dipping solutions.Outcomes0.05% CHG lavage does not appear to damage the hIPP coating, and adherence of this solution is not dependent on dip time.ResultsAll components of the preconnected hydrophilic IPPs were tested for coating adherence and defects. All tested IPPs achieved a “satisfactory” coating, meaning a uniform coat without flaking or clumping. Furthermore, there were no noticeable caustic effects or differences in coating adherence between the normal saline–soaked control and 0.05% CHG–coated arms with increasing dip time. A review of the literature for 0.05% CHG lavage solutions vs previously published hIPP dipping solutions revealed that it may have some advantages over previously reported antibiotic solutions.Clinical ImplicationsThis study serves as a foundation to introduce 0.05% CHG lavage to the urologic literature as a potentially new “magic bullet” irrigation.Strengths and LimitationsMajor strengths of the study are that it is the first study of its kind to address the question of what dip duration should be used and whether it is scientifically reproducible. A limitation is the in vitro model, thus needing validation in a clinical setting.Conclusion0.05% CHG does not appear to negatively affect the hIPP coating or differ in adherence with increasing dip time; however, long-term device performance has not been verified.
Helicobacter pylori Treatment Regimen Selection and Eradication Rates Across Department of Defense Patients for Fiscal Years 2016-2018
Authors: Junga Zachary C , Mertz Andrew , Pak Kevin , Singla Manish 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The objective of this study was to measure the number of treatment successes and failures of various Helicobacter pylori treatment regimens among DoD beneficiaries.

Materials and Methods
This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of all adult DoD beneficiaries with H. pylori diagnosis, treatment, and eradication testing from October 2015 to September 2018. All stool antigen testing, urea breath test, and immunoglobulin G serologies were identified. Patients were excluded if they did not have a positive test, did not have treatment, or did not have eradication testing.

Results
In total, 20,548 H. pylori diagnostic tests were performed over the study period. A total of 1,592 non–active duty and 374 active duty patients were diagnosed with H. pylori, were treated, and had eradication testing. The best performing regimens were tetracycline-based bismuth quadruple therapy and tinidazole-based clarithromycin triple therapy with eradication rates of 85% and 82%, respectively. Clarithromycin triple therapy was the most prescribed (63.9% of all regimens included in analysis). Of the 1,592 non–active duty and 374 active duty patients, 75.5% (1,202) and 70.6% (264) cleared the infection with treatment, respectively (P = 0.0449). Although trends were identified in differences in geographic eradication rates, none of these achieved the threshold of significance.

Conclusions
This is the largest and most geographically widespread H. pylori treatment efficacy study in the USA over 20 years. None of the treatment regimens (when used in over five patients) achieved an eradication rate greater than 90%, but tetracycline-based bismuth quadruple therapy performed best among all regimens and populations. Eradication rates were lower in the active duty populations, with no treatment regimen achieving an eradication rate greater than 80%.