bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Snow data assimilation for seasonal streamflow supply prediction in mountainous basins
Authors: Metref Sammy , Cosme Emmanuel , Le Lay Matthieu , Gailhard Joël 
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Accurately predicting the seasonal streamflow supply (SSS), i.e., the inflow into a reservoir accumulated during the snowmelt season (April to August), is critical to operating hydroelectric dams and avoiding hydrology-related hazard. Such forecasts generally involve numerical models that simulate the hydrological evolution of a basin. The operational department of the French electric company Electricité de France (EDF) implements a semi-distributed model and has carried out such forecasts for several decades on about 50 basins. However, both scarce observation data and oversimplified physics representation may lead to significant forecast errors. Data assimilation has been shown to be beneficial for improving predictions in various hydrological applications, yet very few have addressed the seasonal streamflow supply prediction problem. More specifically, the assimilation of snow observations, though available in various forms, has been rarely studied, despite the possible sensitivity of the streamflow supply to snow stock. This is the goal of the present paper. In three mountainous basins, a series of four ensemble data assimilation experiments – assimilating (i) the streamflow (Q) alone, (ii) Q and fractional snow cover (FSC) data, (iii) Q and local cosmic ray snow sensor (CRS) data and (iv) all the data combined – is compared to the climatologic ensemble and an ensemble of free simulations. The experiments compare the accuracy of the estimated streamflows during the reanalysis (or assimilation) period September to March, during the forecast period April to August, and the SSS estimation. The results show that Q assimilation notably improves streamflow estimations during both reanalysis and the forecast period. Also, the additional combination of CRS and FSC data to the assimilation further ameliorates the SSS prediction in two of the three basins. In the last basin, the experiments highlight a poor representativity of the CRS observations during some years and reveal the need for an enhanced observation system.
Exploring the use of multi-source high-resolution satellite data for snow water equivalent reconstruction over mountainous catchments
Authors: Premier Valentina , Marin Carlo , Bertoldi Giacomo , Barella Riccardo , Notarnicola Claudia , Bruzzone Lorenzo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract. The hydrological cycle is strongly influenced by the accumulation and melting of seasonal snow. For this reason, mountains are often claimed to be the “water towers” of the world. In this context, a key variable is the snow water equivalent (SWE). However, the complex processes of snow accumulation, redistribution, and ablation make its quantification and prediction very challenging. In this work, we explore the use of multi-source data to reconstruct SWE at a high spatial resolution (HR) of 25 m. To this purpose, we propose a novel approach based on (i) in situ snow depth or SWE observations, temperature data and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images to determine the pixel state, i.e., whether it is undergoing an SWE increase (accumulation) or decrease (ablation), (ii) a daily HR time series of snow cover area (SCA) maps derived by high- and low-resolution multispectral optical satellite images to define the days of snow presence, and (iii) a degree-day model driven by in situ temperature to determine the potential melting. Given the typical high spatial heterogeneity of snow in mountainous areas, the use of HR images represents an important novelty that allows us to sample its distribution more adequately, thus resulting in highly detailed spatialized information.
The proposed SWE reconstruction approach also foresees a novel SCA time series regularization technique that models impossible transitions based on the pixel state, i.e., the erroneous change in the pixel class from snow to snow-free when it is expected to be in accumulation or equilibrium and, vice versa, from snow-free to snow when it is expected to be in ablation or equilibrium. Furthermore, it reconstructs the SWE for the entire hydrological season, including late snowfall. The approach does not require spatialized precipitation information as input, which is usually affected by uncertainty. The method provided good results in two different test catchments: the South Fork of the San Joaquin River, California, and the Schnals catchment, Italy. It obtained good agreement when evaluated against HR spatialized reference maps (showing an average bias of −22 mm, a root mean square error – RMSE – of 212 mm, and a correlation of 0.74), against a daily dataset at coarser resolution (showing an average bias of −44 mm, an RMSE of 127 mm, and a correlation of 0.66), and against manual measurements (showing an average bias of −5 mm, an RMSE of 191 mm, and a correlation of 0.35).
The main sources of error are discussed to provide insights into the main advantages and disadvantages of the method that may be of interest for several hydrological and ecological applications.
THE IMPORTANCE OF HEDGING IN FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
Authors: Zhumabayeva M. D. , Karimbayeva G. J. , Nurkasheva N. S. 
Published: June 2023

The purpose of the study is that in the financial market, in addition to the money market, there are markets for the purchase and sale of assets in future periods. However, the parties to such contracts have the right or obligation to sell or purchase a financial asset at a fixed price on a fixed date. Such contracts are called derivative financial instruments, since it is believed that the contract price is directly related to the change in the price of the underlying asset. Derivative financial instruments help not only to fix future prices, but also to insure against unfavorable exchange rate volatility. To fulfill the latter function, the country's economy must have a market of derivative financial instruments and a market of underlying assets.Methodology. The methodological basis of the research is the dialectical method of cognition. In the process of research, both general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, deduction, classification, systematic approach) and special methodological techniques (accounting and tax accounting) are used.Originality / value of the research. In the conditions of instability of the world economy, the accounting of derivative financial instruments as a mechanism of crisis management and regulation in the country, stabilization of the efficiency of business portfolios of economic entities occupies an important place. The practical significance of this scientific article, designed to reflect the specifics of the organization of accounting for financial instruments in the financial risk management system of business owners in an unstable financial crisis, is considered to be quite high.Therefore, in this scientific article we will give a description of theoretical scientific and practical approaches to the peculiarities of accounting for financial instruments.Findings. The article reflects the methods of regulation of accounting for derivative financial instruments through the standards of IFRS 32 «Financial Instruments: provision of information», IFRS 7 «Financial instruments: disclosure of information», IFRS 9 «Financial Instruments». Based on the data, the essence of hedging will be reflected in the accounting and reporting system.
DEVELOPMENT OF NUCLEAR ENERGY IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN: ISSUES AND TRENDS
Authors: Mussin B. M. , Nurlan E. 
Published: June 2023

Purpose of the research is to study the level of public awareness, transparency and trust in the authorities in the framework of the state policy for the construction of a nuclear power plant.Methodology. In this work, both qualitative and quantitative research methods are applied. The study uses an online sociological survey among the population to analyze the impact of the ongoing state policy on the energy security of the country, namely the construction of nuclear power plants. In this work, an online survey based on a Google Survey was used. The survey involved 108 respondents. Also presented in the work are information materials of state institutions, information and news articles, as well as a review of international experience in the field of nuclear energy. Also, for the analysis and evaluation of external factors for developing nuclear energy, we considered PEST-analysis (Political, Economic, Social, and Technological factors).Originality / value of the research. Society plays an important role in solving the most urgent and acute political issues in the country. The awareness and opinion of citizens contributes to the development in society of a positive attitude towards the political decisions made in the state. Over the past two decades, in some countries, policies to reduce energy costs and targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions have contributed to the introduction of clean energy, including nuclear energy. In Kazakhstan, the issue of energy security has always been relevant and has never been removed from the agenda. Today, despite all the eff orts of the state, problems in the energy sector are not decreasing.Findings. This paper analyses the statements of many authors who believe that the degree of public awareness depends on the transparency and informational openness of state bodies. A sociological study was used in this work in order to empirically prove the influence of these factors. The survey contains the answers of the respondents. The analysis turned out to be quite interesting. As a result, the presence of a positive relationship between the level of information provided by state institutions and the awareness of citizens has been clearly demonstrated.
The Lens of Lived Experience: Music and Black Community in Segregated North Carolina
Authors: McAuley Chris , Freeland Gregory 
Published: June 2023

We invite you to a conversation with **Chris McAuley**, Black Studies Collection Editor at Lived Places Publishing (LPP) and **Gregory Freeland**, author of *[Music and Black Community in Segregated North Carolina](https://livedplacespublishing.com/book/isbn/9781915271211?utm_source=MB utm_medium=web utm_campaign=cassyni)*. They will discuss the pivotal role that music played in keeping a community together during one of the most legally segregated times in United States history. Southern black people survived racially motivated attacks, imprisonments, appropriations, enslavement, and exploitation all the while continuing to struggle and survive those injustices. Through the lens of Dr. Freeland's experiences during segregation in North Carolina he found that music was vital to community togetherness and spiritual well-being and that music brought the community into positive spaces that fostered survival, both intentionally, through activism, and naturally, through the effect of music’s all-encompassing uniting presence.
Food Politics and the Paradigm Shift in the Parliamentary Debate on Food Security
Authors: Bin Syafuddin Tan Mohd Zulhelmi , Bakar Ahmad Naqiyuddin , Ahmad Yarina , Abdul Razak Quratul Ain , Izzat Azri Ahmad Kharul Anuar  
Published: June 2023

Food security has become a pertinent issue that is constantly being discussed in the mass media and even in parliamentary debates among the politicians. The topic of food security is political; hence, it should be handled with care within a confined aspect known as food politics. This paper is a preliminary stage study to examine which facets of food security that were most prominently debated among the members of the House of Representatives and whether the discussions were in line with and accurately portrayed the actual situation on the ground among the public. Hansards from the Parliament of Malaysia seatings in 2019 and 2022 were obtained as secondary data for analysis. The finding showed that the question of food availability was frequently mentioned in parliamentary debates as availability was the precursor to the other dimensions of food security. Additionally, food security issues raised by our politicians correspond with current major global issues that are affecting the public; collectively known as the 3C-shock: COVID-19, Climate Change and Conflict (Russia-Ukraine War).
MALINCHE, DE LAURA ESQUIVEL: UMA DISCUSSÃO SOBRE O ROMANCE E O NOVO ROMANCE HISTÓRICO LATINO-AMERICANO
Authors: Da Rocha Oliveira Karine , Lopes de Araújo Priscila 
Published: June 2023

O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar o novo romance histórico Malinche (2006), da escritora mexicana Laura Esquivel. O romance em questão narra a história de Malinalli, mulher nahua, escravizada por maias e espanhóis. Conhecida como “a língua de Cortés”, Malinalli é considerada historicamente a traidora dos povos indígenas. A narrativa de Laura Esquivel dá voz a esta personagem, propondo fazer uma revisão deste título. Por meio das considerações teóricas de Fernando Aínsa, propõe-se uma reflexão sobre o novo romance histórico e o silenciamento de personagens históricos importantes, como é o caso de Malinche, tendo como resultado final do artigo a desmistificação dos fatos históricos apresentados por uma historiografia conservadora. O artigo consiste em uma pesquisa bibliográfica e exploratória, tendo o método indutivo utilizado para evidenciar os objetivos destacados.
Treatment of burn complications in the esophagus caused by button batteries in children (a literature review)
Authors: Teplov V. O. , Portugal P. M. , Razumovskiy A. Yu. 
Published: June 2023

Introduction. Over the past 10 years, the number of severe and fatal cases of burns in the esophagus caused by button batteries in children has increased significantly. The tactics of managing children with complications after such burns has not been defined worldwide yet; few clinical cases are described in Russian sources. Material and methods. The literature search has covered databases of RSCI, Medline and GoogleScholar published in 1983–2022. More than 350 publications on this topic have been analyzed. Results. Electrolysis is recognized as the main mechanism of tissue destruction, which is accompanied by the development of colliquative necrosis in the area of negative pole of the battery. The National Capital Poison Center, Washington, USA, recommends to neutralize burns with honey and 0.25 % acetic acid solution. The most optimal tactics for managing tracheoesophageal fistulas caused by batteries is to perform laparoscopic fundoplication and gastrostomy, as a result of which spontaneous closure of the fistula may occur. In case of large defects and patient’s severe unstable condition more complicated reconstructive interventions have to be done. Esophageal stenoses should be treated with bougienage, and perforations are preferably treated conservatively. In case of laryngeal paresis or paralysis, laryngoscopy is required at the early stage so as to understand if tracheostomy is better instead of tracheal intubation. Esophageal aortic fistulas require aggressive surgical tactics even in the absence of visible bleeding. Conclusion. Currently, there is no common management strategy in any of the possible complications. Further statistical analysis of clinical cases and assessment of existing conservative and surgical techniques are needed; development of new surgical techniques to be applied in patients with abovementioned pathology is needed as well. Rational diagnostics and curative tactics will reduce high mortality rate and improve the quality of life of such patients.
The current state of diagnostics and management of foreign bodies in the respiratory tract in children
Authors: Dosmagambetov S. P. , Dzhenalaev B. K. , Tusupkaliev A. B. , Sarsenova V. V. , Abdullayeva G. Z. , Baubekov Zh. T. , Esenalina N. S. 
Published: June 2023

Introduction. Foreign body aspiration (FBA) into the respiratory tract is a severe, life-threatening condition in children which requires urgent medical and diagnostic measures. Purpose. To study outcomes after FBA diagnostics and treatment in children and to develop an algorithm for diagnosing foreign bodies in the respiratory tract in this group of patients. Material and methods. Outcomes in 86 children who were hospitalized with suspected foreign bodies in their respiratory tract to the Clinic of Pediatric Surgery in Marat Ospanov West Kazakhstan Medical University, Aktobe, Republic of Kazakhstan in 2018–2022. Results. In 73 children, out of 86, FBA was confirmed. Distribution of children with FBA by age was as follows: less than one year – 5 (6.8 %) children; 1–3 years – 46 (63.1 %); 3–5 years – 7 (9.6 %), over 5 years – 15 (20.5 %). Localization of foreign bodies in the respiratory tract was as follows: larynx –6; trachea – 10, right main bronchus –26, left main bronchus – 30, both lower lobe bronchi – 1. The revealed foreign bodied were : peanuts – 24 (32.8 %) cases, sunflower seed – 13 (17.8 %), fountain pen cap – 7 (9.6 %), plastic toy part – 5 (6.8 %), fish bone – 5 (6.8 %), stationery carnation – 4 (5.5 %), bone – 4 (5.5 %), small rock – 4 (5.5 %), carrot – 3 (4.2 %), tooth – 2 (2.7 %), bead – 1 (1.4 %), food masses –1 (1.4 %). In the diagnostics of foreign bodies, anamnesis, clinical examination, radiation and endoscopic diagnostic techniques were of great importance. On analyzing the obtained clinical material, the researchers developed their own algorithm for FBA diagnosis. Foreign bodies were removed with rigid bronchoscopy in 55 children, with fibrobronchoscopy in 9 children, direct laryngoscopy – in 6 cases, at thoracotomy and bronchotomy – in 3 children. There were no complications associated with the removal of foreign bodies. Conclusions. Foreign bodies in the respiratory tract are met most often in children , aged 1–3. In doubtful cases, MSCT was used in addition to traditional diagnostic methods. It allows to exclude or identify foreign bodies invisible at X-ray images. FBA removal should be performed at the third level medical institutions.
Laparoscopic splenectomy in children – а 25-years of experience
Authors: Poddubnyj I. V. , Tolstov K. N. , Trunov V. O. , Kozlov M. Yu. , Fedorova E. V. , Khanov M. M. , Malashenko A. S. , Mager A. O. , Ranshakov A. S. , Sytkov V. V. 
Published: June 2023

Introduction. Currently, the most successful option for treating benign hematological diseases of the spleen in children is splenectomy. Material and methods. In the article, the authors present their 25-year clinical experience in performing laparoscopic splenectomy in children with various diseases of the spleen. They discuss different techniques for surgical treatment of spleen diseases, features of preoperative preparation, current literature data. Results. The accumulated experience in laparoscopic surgeries for spleen removal, application of modern electrosurgical equipment and instruments for extracting tissues from the abdominal cavity have significantly reduced surgical time, improved cosmetic outcomes and quality of life of patients in the postoperative period. Somatostatin, prescribed right before the surgery and at the early postoperative period, prevents development of pancreatitis and erosive bleeding from the stump of the spleen pedicle in the vast majority of patients. Conclusion. The obtained catamnestic data demonstrate that laparoscopic surgery for spleen removal has its advantages. It is a safe, little-traumatic, effective and cosmetically good option for surgical spleen management in children.
Effects of osmotic diuretics at the water-electrolyte metabolism in the management of children with traumatic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Kolykhalkina I. A. , Amcheslavsky V. G. , Lukyanov V. I. , Novikova T. A. , Glebova E. S. , Bagaev V. G. 
Published: June 2023

Introduction. A comparative study on the effects of osmotic diuretics (OD) at parameters of water-electrolyte metabolism in children with brain injury was conducted. The researchers analyzed these effects depending on the treatment algorithm whether it was done by the Protocol or by generally accepted indications. Material and methods. 51 case-histories of children with severe, combined TBI were taken for the analysis. The patients were treated with osmotic diuretics (OD) to relieve intracranial hypertension (ICH). All patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 ( studied group) – 25 children enrolled prospectively. In this group, OD were administered according to the Protocol. Group 2 (control group) – 26 children (retrospective group). In this group, OD was administered according to the accepted clinical recommendations. Results. As it has been revealed, OD in the control group (Group 2) were used 8.7 % more often than in patients from Group 1 at Step 3 of the Protocol. In patients from Group 2, hypernatremia and hyperosmolarity had more persistent and pronounced type; such tendency persisted for the next 5–7 days of the study. However, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups in average values of sodium levels and osmolarity of blood plasma under ICH therapy. The conducted statistical analysis has shown that the lack of reliable differences is associated with a significant variance of analyzed indicators in Group 2. At the same time, we registered a statistically significant increase (p 0.05) of unfavorable outcomes in Group 2 by 24.9 %. Conclusion. Regular and rationally frequent administration of osmotic diuretics leads to less persistent violations of water-electrolyte metabolism. A prerequisite for the effective management of traumatic ICP in children is monitoring the intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP).
Problems and prospects in the treatment of various forms of pigmented nevi in children (a literature review)
Authors: Podurar S. A. , Gorbatova N. E. 
Published: June 2023

Introduction. Pigmented nevi (PN) are formations in the skin layers which consist of accumulated melanocytes of various differentiation degrees and located in different layers of the skin. In modern society, this pathology causes serious medical and psychological problems; not infrequently , one can see unsatisfactory clinical and aesthetic outcomes. There is no any clear tactics which could take into account PN forms, location and child’s age. Purpose. To study modern problems and to outline prospects for treating various PN forms in children using the information obtained after literature search for the period 2005–2022. Material and methods. The authors made the literature search in domestic and foreign databases for the period 2005–2022. The following key words were used for the search: benign melanocytic skin lesions; pigmented nevus; laser radiation. 1627 literature sources were studied, 87 works were included in the review. Results. Despite of various techniques used for PN removal, unsatisfactory results are still noted in 41 % of patients with a complication rate of up to 50 %. After implementation laser scalpel for PN removal, complications in the form of hypertrophic and keloid scars were noted in 2–5 % of patients, postoperative hyperemia- in 21 % of cases, hyperpigmentation in 13 % and hypopigmentation in 34 %. The present review outlines advantages and disadvantages of various modalities used for removing PN. The authors also underline that the most promising ones are laser techniques in which laser light has a specific selectivity to pigmented tissues. The article has no information on parameters of laser irradiation which are required for treating definite forms of PN in children. Conclusion. Further research is needed to optimize existing and to develop new laser light techniques for treating various PN forms which should bring a significant improvement in outcomes.