bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of flat‐type ulcerative colitis‐associated neoplasia on chromoendoscopic imaging with indigo carmine dye spraying
Authors: Takabayashi Kaoru , Sugimoto Shinya , Nanki Kosaku , Yoshimatsu Yusuke , Kiyohara Hiroki , Mikami Yohei , Sujino Tomohisa , Kato Motohiko , Hosoe Naoki , Shimoda Masayuki , Yahagi Naohisa , Ogata Haruhiko , Iwao Yasushi , Kanai Takanori 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesDespite recent advances in endoscopic equipment and diagnostic techniques, early detection of ulcerative colitis‐associated neoplasia (UCAN) remains difficult because of the complex background of the inflamed mucosa of ulcerative colitis and the morphologic diversity of the lesions. We aimed to describe the main diagnostic patterns for UCAN in our cohort, including lateral extension surrounding flat lesions.MethodsSixty‐three lesions in 61 patients with flat‐type dysplasia that were imaged with dye chromoendoscopy (DCE) were included in this analysis. These DCE images were analyzed to clarify the dye‐chromoendoscopic imaging characteristics of flat dysplasia, and the lesions were broadly classified into dysplastic and nondysplastic mucosal patterns.ResultsDysplastic mucosal patterns were classified into two types: small round patterns with round to roundish structures, and mesh patterns with intricate mesh‐like structures. Lesions with a nondysplastic mucosal pattern were divided into two major types: a ripple‐like type and a gyrus‐like type. Of note, 35 lesions (55.6%) had a small round pattern, and 51 lesions (80.9%) had some type of mesh pattern. About 70% of lesions with small round patterns and 49% of lesions with mesh patterns were diagnosed as high‐grade dysplasia or carcinoma, while about 30% of lesions with small round patterns and 51% of lesions with mesh patterns were diagnosed as low‐grade dysplasia.ConclusionWhen a characteristic mucosal pattern, such as a small round or mesh pattern, is found by DCE, the possibility of UCAN should be considered.
A micro‐randomized pilot study to examine the impact of just‐in‐time nudging on after‐dinner snacking in adults with type 2 diabetes: A study protocol
Authors: Zhao Lijun , Bidargaddi Niranjan , Vakulin Andrew , Li Wenhao , Luscombe‐Marsh Natalie , Benton Fiona , Adams Robert , Kemps Eva , Vincent Andrew D. , Heilbronn Leonie K. , Wittert Gary A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimTo determine whether a digital nudge soon after dinner reduces after‐dinner snacking events as measured objectively by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsThis is a single‐site micro‐randomized trial (MRT). People with T2D, aged 18‐75 years, managed with diet or a stable dose of oral antidiabetic medications for at least 3 months, and who habitual snack after dinner at least 3 nights per week, will be recruited. Picto‐graphic nudges were designed by mixed research methods. After a 2‐week lead‐in phase to determine eligibility and snacking behaviours by a CGM detection algorithm developed by the investigators, participants will be micro‐randomized daily (1:1) to a second 2‐week period to either a picto‐graphic nudge delivered‐in‐time (Intui Research) or no nudge. During lead‐in and MRT phases, 24‐hour glucose will be measured by CGM, sleep will be tracked by an under‐mattress sleep sensor, and dinner timing will be captured daily by photographing the evening meal.ResultsThe primary outcome is the difference in the incremental area under the CGM curve between nudging and non‐nudging days during the period from 90 minutes after dinner until 04:00 AM. Secondary outcomes include the effect of baseline characteristics on treatment, and comparisons of glucose peaks and time‐in‐range between nudging and non‐nudging days. The feasibility of 'just‐in‐time' messaging and nudge acceptability will be evaluated, along with the analysis of sleep quality measures and their night‐to‐night variability.ConclusionsThis study will provide preliminary evidence of the impact of appropriately timed digital nudges on 24 ‐hour intertitial glucose levels resulting from altered after‐dinner snacking in people with T2D. An exploratory sleep substudy will provide evidence of a bidirectional relationship between after‐dinner snacking behaviour, glycaemia and sleep. Ultimately, this study will allow for the design of a future confirmatory study of the potential for digital nudging to improve health related behaviours and health outcomes.
Mediators between canagliflozin and renoprotection vary depending on patient characteristics: Insights from the CREDENCE trial
Authors: Doi Yohei , Hamano Takayuki , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Sakaguchi Yusuke , Kaimori Jun‐Ya , Isaka Yoshitaka 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimTo identify the mediators between canagliflozin and renoprotection in patients with type 2 diabetes at a high risk of end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD).MethodsIn this post hoc analysis of the CREDENCE trial, the effect of canagliflozin on potential mediators (42 biomarkers) at 52 weeks and the association between changes in mediators and renal outcomes were evaluated using mixed‐effects and Cox models, respectively. The renal outcome was a composite of ESKD, serum creatinine doubling or renal death. The percentage of the mediating effect of each significant mediator was calculated based on changes in the hazard ratios of canagliflozin after additional adjustment of the mediator.ResultsChanges in haematocrit, haemoglobin, red blood cell (RBC) count and urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (UACR) at 52 weeks significantly mediated 47%, 41%, 40% and 29% risk reduction with canagliflozin, respectively. Further, 85% mediation was attributed to the combined effect of haematocrit and UACR. A large variation in mediating effects by haematocrit change existed among the subgroups, ranging from 17% in those patients with a UACR of more than 3000 mg/g to 63% in patients with a UACR of 3000 mg/g or less. In the subgroups with a UACR of more than 3000 mg/g, UACR change was the highest mediating factor (37%), driven by the strong association between UACR decline and renal risk reduction.ConclusionsThe renoprotective effects of canagliflozin in patients at a high risk of ESKD can be significantly explained by changes in RBC variables and UACR. The complementary mediating effects of RBC variables and UACR may support the renoprotective effect of canagliflozin in different patient groups.
Do health assessments affect time to permanent residential aged care admission for older women with and without dementia?
Authors: Byles Julie , Cavenagh Dominic , Bryant Jamie , Carey Mariko , Mazza Danielle , Sanson‐Fisher Rob 
Published: June 2023

AimTo investigate the effect of health assessments on permanent residential aged care admission for older Australian women with and without dementia.MethodsA total of 1427 older Australian women who had a health assessment between March 2002 and December 2013 were matched with 1427 women who did not have a health assessment in the same period. Linked administrative datasets were used to identify health assessment use, admission to permanent residential aged care, and dementia status. Outcome was time to residential aged care admission from the matched date of health assessment.ResultsWomen who had health assessments were less likely to be admitted to residential aged care in the short term (100 days), irrespective of dementia status (subdistribution hazard ratio [SDHR] = 0.35, 95% CI = [0.21, 0.59] for women with dementia; SDHR = 0.39, 95% CI = [0.25, 0.61] for women without dementia). However, there were no significant differences at 500‐ and 1000‐days follow‐up. At 2000‐days follow‐up, women who had a health assessment were more likely to be admitted to residential aged care, regardless of dementia status (SDHR = 1.41, 95% CI = [1.12, 1.79] for women with dementia; SDHR = 1.55, 95% CI = [1.32, 1.82] for women without dementia).ConclusionsBenefits from health assessments may depend on the recency of the assessment, with women less likely to be admitted to residential aged care in the short term after a health assessment. Our results add to a growing body of literature suggesting that health assessments may provide benefits to older people, including those with dementia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 595–602.
Gait and/or balance disturbances associated with Alzheimer's dementia among older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment: A longitudinal observational study
Authors: Ahn Sangwoo , Chung Jae Woo , Crouter Scott E. , Lee Jung‐Ah , Lee Chung Eun , Anderson Joel G. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimsTo explore whether gait and/or balance disturbances are associated with the onset of Alzheimer's dementia (AD) among older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI).DesignThis study employed a longitudinal retrospective cohort design.MethodsWe obtained data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center's Uniform Data Set collected from 35 National Institute on Aging Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers between September 2005 and December 2021. The mean age of participants (n = 2692) was 74.5 years with women making up 47.2% of the sample. Risk of incident AD according to baseline gait and/or balance disturbances as measured using the Postural Instability and Gait Disturbance Score, a subscale of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Motor Score, was examined by the Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusting for baseline demographics, medical conditions and study sites. The mean follow‐up duration was 4.0 years.ResultsAmong all the participants, the presence or the severity of gait and/or balance disturbances was associated with an increased risk of AD. The presence or the severity of gait and/or balance disturbances was associated with a higher risk of Alzheimer's dementia among the subgroups of female and male participants.ConclusionGait and/or balance disturbances may increase the risk of developing AD, regardless of sex.ImpactGait and/or balance disturbances among community‐dwelling older adults with amnestic MCI may need to be frequently assessed by nurses to identify potential risk factors for cognitive decline.No patient or public contributionGiven the secondary analysis, patients, service users, caregivers or members of the public were not directly involved in this study.
Contribution of PGAP3 co‐amplified and co‐overexpressed with ERBB2 at 17q12 involved poor prognosis in gastric cancer
Authors: Wang Dong , Hao Siyu , He Hongjie , Zhang Jian , You Ge , Wu Xin , Zhang Rui , Meng Xiangning , Cui Xiaobo , Bai Jing , Fu Songbin , Yu Jingcui 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe locus at 17q12 erb‐b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2) has been heavily amplificated and overexpressed in gastric cancer (GC), but it remains to be elucidated about the clinical significance of the co‐amplification and co‐overexpression of PGAP3 gene located around ERBB2 in GC. The profile of PGAP3 and ERBB2 in four GC cell lines and tissue microarrays containing 418 primary GC tissues was assessed to investigate the co‐overexpression and clinical significance of the co‐amplified genes, and to evaluate the impact of the co‐amplified genes on the malignancy of GC. Co‐amplification of PGAP3 and ERBB2 accompanied with co‐overexpression was observed in a haploid chromosome 17 of NCI‐N87 cells with double minutes (DMs). PGAP3 and ERBB2 were overexpressed and positively correlated in 418 GC patients. Co‐overexpression of the PGAP3 and ERBB2 was correlated with T stage, TNM stage, tumour size, intestinal histological type and poor survival proportion in 141 GC patients. In vitro, knockdown of the endogenous PGAP3 or ERBB2 decreased cell proliferation and invasion, increased G1 phase accumulation and induced apoptosis in NCI‐N87 cells. Furthermore, combined silencing of PGAP3 and ERBB2 showed an additive effect on resisting proliferation of NCI‐N87 cells compared with targeting ERBB2 or PGAP3 alone. Taken together, the co‐overexpression of PGAP3 and ERBB2 may be crucial due to its significant correlation with clinicopathological factors of GC. Haploid gain of PGAP3 co‐amplified with ERBB2 is sufficient to facilitate the malignancy and progression of GC cells in a synergistic way.
Does sunk‐cost affect prices? Evidence from the US airline industry
Authors: Shi Long , Liu Qihong , Kim Myongjin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn contrast to the extensive literature on behavior bias by individuals, studies on behavior bias by firms have been relatively scarce. We explore the possibility of the latter in the context of US airlines, where fuel hedging leads to lump sum gains or losses which may impact airlines' pricing decisions. Our results show that the (sunk) hedging gains or losses affect airlines' ticket prices. In particular, a 10% reduction in airlines' reported fuel costs (due to hedging gains) leads to a 2.2% reduction in ticket prices. Moving onto nonprice decisions, we find that hedging gains lead airlines to use larger aircraft and reduce the airtime of their flights, yet have no impact on the number of routes and flights which the airlines operate. Our results provide empirical evidence that fixed/sunk costs can affect firms' prices and nonprice decisions, establish a link between financial market and product market competition, and have important welfare/policy and managerial implications.
Spatial and intra‐host distribution of myxozoan parasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae among Baltic sea trout (Salmo trutta)
Authors: Lauringson Magnus , Kahar Siim , Veevo Taigor , Silm Maidu , Philpott Duncan , Svirgsden Roland , Rohtla Mehis , Päkk Priit , Gross Riho , Kaart Tanel , Vasemägi Anti 
Published: June 2023

AbstractProliferative kidney disease caused by the myxozoan parasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae has been actively studied in juvenile salmonids for decades. However, very little is known about parasite prevalence and its geographical and intra‐host distribution at older life stages. We screened T. bryosalmonae among adult sea trout (Salmo trutta) (n = 295) collected along the Estonian Baltic Sea coastline together with juvenile trout from 33 coastal rivers (n = 1752) to assess spatial infection patterns of the adult and juvenile fish. The parasite was detected among 38.6% of adult sea trout with the prevalence increasing from west to east, and south to north, along the coastline. A similar pattern was observed in juvenile trout. Infected sea trout were also older than uninfected fish and the parasite was detected in sea trout up to the age of 6 years. Analysis of intra‐host distribution of the parasite and strontium to calcium ratios from the otoliths revealed that (re)infection through freshwater migration may occur among adult sea trout. The results of this study indicate that T. bryosalmonae can persist in a brackish water environment for several years and that returning sea trout spawners most likely contribute to the parasite life cycle by transmitting infective spores.
COVID‐19 job loss and re‐employment among partnered parents: Gender and educational variations
Authors: Qian Yue , Glauber Rebecca , Yavorsky Jill E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines the re‐employment prospects and short‐term career consequences for mothers and fathers who lost their jobs during the COVID‐19 pandemic.BackgroundThe pandemic recession has been dubbed a “shecession,” but few studies have explored whether mothers paid a higher or lower price upon labor market re‐entry than fathers.MethodThis study draws on March 2020–December 2022 Current Population Survey data and focuses on partnered parents with children under age 13 in the household. Exploiting four‐month panels, we use multi‐level discrete‐time event history models to predict re‐employment and linear regression models to predict job‐level wage upon re‐employment, while controlling for a wide array of factors.ResultsPartnered fathers were more likely than partnered mothers to find re‐employment during the pandemic. The gender gap in re‐employment was concentrated only among parents without a bachelor's degree and persisted when all controls were held constant. Moreover, upon re‐employment, fathers had higher job‐level wages than mothers, which was consistent across educational levels. Even with the same job‐level wage before labor market exit, mothers were penalized on re‐entry relative to fathers and this penalty was rooted in gendered job segregation.ConclusionThis study extends previous research by analyzing re‐employment and a critical material outcome for parents (i.e., job‐level wage upon re‐employment) during the entire pandemic, including the “new normal” (late 2022). The results reveal the intersectional inequalities in family and work: Compared to fathers, mothers, particularly less‐educated mothers, paid a higher price for their time out of work during the pandemic.
Parental education and child health: The exploration of the cross‐gender intergenerational transmission mechanism
Authors: Rasciute Simona 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper analyses the causal effects of different levels of mother's and father's education on child general and mental health, by applying a fixed effects instrumental variable panel data estimator with selection to nationally represented longitudinal data of over 13,000 observations in the United Kingdom from 2008 to 2019. The results reveal a negative association between mother's education and boys' mental health, potentially driven by relative rather than absolute levels of education between parents. Differences in educational attainment between parents signal unequal power and different values, which inhibits conflict resolution and commitment, leading to higher likelihood of breaking up, which in turn may negatively affect child mental health. On the contrary, no evidence is found of causal links between different levels of mother's and father's education on child health, indicating the relevance of potential environmental factors in the intergenerational transmission mechanism. This calls for more co‐ordination of educational interventions with other economic policies, also taking economic cycle into account.
Export intensity and its effect on women's employment
Authors: Amin Mohammad , Islam Asif M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUsing firm‐level survey data for 29,962 manufacturing firms in 141 developing and emerging countries, the impact of exports (as a percentage of sales) on the share of female workers at the firm is estimated. The impact is positive, large, and statistically significant. For the baseline specification, moving from a firm that does not export to one that does all its sales abroad is associated with a 6.6 percentage point increase in the share of female workers. This positive relationship is much stronger when competition in the domestic markets is low, social attitudes and mobility laws are more favorable to women's work outside the home, and the law‐and‐order situation is better. We argue that these heterogeneities serve as important checks against endogeneity concerns. We also provide results using the average share of exports in a country–industry cell as an instrument. The policy implications of our findings are discussed in detail.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease without overlapping metabolic‐associated fatty liver disease and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes
Authors: Cho Yoosun , Chang Yoosoo , Ryu Seungho , Wild Sarah H. , Byrne Christopher D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsRe‐classifying NAFLD as metabolic‐associated fatty liver (MAFLD) has been proposed. While some people fulfil criteria for NAFLD, they do not have MAFLD; and whether NAFLD‐only subjects have increased the risk of type 2 diabetes remains unknown. We compared risk of incident T2D in individuals with: (a) NAFLD‐only; and (b) MAFLD, to individuals without fatty liver, considering effect modification by sex.Methods246 424 Koreans without diabetes or a secondary cause of ultrasound‐diagnosed hepatic steatosis were studied. Subjects were stratified into: (a) NAFLD‐only status and (b) NAFLD that overlapped with MAFLD (MAFLD). Cox proportional hazards models with incident T2D as the outcome were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for: (a) and (b). Models were adjusted for time‐dependent covariates, and effect modification by sex was analysed in subgroups.ResultsA total of 5439 participants had NAFLD‐only status and 56 839 met MAFLD criteria. During a median follow‐up of 5.5 years, 8402 incident cases of T2D occurred. Multivariable‐adjusted HRs (95% CI) for incident T2D comparing NAFLD‐only and MAFLD to the reference (neither condition) were 2.39 (1.63–3.51) and 5.75 (5.17–6.36) (women), and 1.53 (1.25–1.88) and 2.60 (2.44–2.76) (men), respectively. The increased risk of T2D in the NAFLD‐only group was higher in women than in men (p for interaction by sex <0.001) and consistently observed across all subgroups. Risk of T2D was increased in lean participants regardless of metabolic dysregulation (including prediabetes).ConclusionsNAFLD‐only participants without metabolic dysregulation and the criteria for MAFLD are at increased risk of developing T2D. This association was consistently stronger in women than in men.
Effect of beta‐blockers on multiple haemodynamics in cirrhosis: A cross‐over study by MR‐imaging and hepatic vein catheterization
Authors: Danielsen Karen Vagner , Nabilou Puria , Wiese Signe Skovgaard , Hove Jens Dahlgaard , Bendtsen Flemming , Møller Søren 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundNon‐selective beta‐blockers (NSBB) are widely used in the treatment of patients with cirrhosis. Only about 50% respond with a sufficient reduction in their hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) and NSBB may induce detrimental cardiac and renal effects in the presence of severe decompensation. We aimed to assess the effects of NSBB on haemodynamics using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to assess if these haemodynamic changes were related to the disease severity and HVPG response.MethodA prospective cross‐over study of 39 patients with cirrhosis. Patients underwent hepatic vein catheterization and MRI with assessments of HVPG, cardiac function, systemic and splanchnic haemodynamics before and after propranolol infusion.ResultsPropranolol induced significant decreases in cardiac output (−12%) and blood flow of all vascular compartments, with the largest reductions seen in the azygos venous (−28%), portal venous (−21%), splenic (−19%) and superior mesenteric artery (−16%) blood flow. Renal artery blood flow fell by −5% in the total cohort, with a more pronounced reduction in patients without ascites than in those with ascites (−8% vs. −3%, p = .01). Twenty‐four patients were NSBB responders. Their changes in HVPG after NSBB were not significantly associated with other haemodynamic changes.ConclusionThe changes in cardiac, systemic and splanchnic haemodynamics did not differ between NSBB responders and non‐responders. The effects of acute NSBB blockade on renal flow seem to depend on the severity of the hyperdynamic state, with the largest reduction in renal blood flow in compensated patients compared to decompensated patients with cirrhosis. However, future studies are needed to assess the effects of NSBB on haemodynamics and renal blood flow in patients with diuretic‐resistant ascites.