bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential effects of sex on tuberculosis location and severity across the lifespan
Authors: Min Jinsoo , Park Jae Seuk , Kim Hyung Woo , Ko Yousang , Oh Jee Youn , Jeong Yun-Jeong , Na Ju Ock , Kwon Sun-Jung , Choe Kang Hyeon , Lee Won-Yeon , Lee Sung-Soon , Kim Ju Sang , Koo Hyeon-Kyoung 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDisparities exist between sexes regarding tuberculosis (TB) incidence, as well as disease severity and outcome. Using a nationwide TB registry database, we explored the impact of sex and age on extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) among all enrolled patients by (1) calculating the female proportion for every age category according to TB-affected locations, (2) calculating the proportions of EPTB stratified by sex according to age, (3) conducting multivariable analysis to examine the impact of sex and age on EPTB likelihood, and (4) assessing the odds of EPTB for female compared to male as reference in every age category. Further, we explored the impact of sex and age on disease severity among pulmonary TB (PTB) patients. Of all the TB patients, 40.1% were female, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.49. The proportion of females was lowest in their fifties, resembling a U-shape. The male-to-female ratios in PTB and EPTB were 1.67 and 1.03, respectively. Compared to men, women were significantly associated with EPTB in their forties, fifties, and sixties. Female patients with PTB had significantly lower odds of having cavitation and positive smear test results in their fifties. Significant differences were found concerning TB location and severity between sexes, especially during reproductive age.
Topological differences and confounders of mental rotation in cervical dystonia and blepharospasm
Authors: Odorfer Thorsten M. , Yabe Marie , Hiew Shawn , Volkmann Jens , Zeller Daniel 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMental rotation (mR) bases on imagination of actual movements. It remains unclear whether there is a specific pattern of mR impairment in focal dystonia. We aimed to investigate mR in patients with cervical dystonia (CD) and blepharospasm (BS) and to assess potential confounders. 23 CD patients and 23 healthy controls (HC) as well as 21 BS and 19 hemifacial spasm (HS) patients were matched for sex, age, and education level. Handedness, finger dexterity, general reaction time, and cognitive status were assessed. Disease severity was evaluated by clinical scales. During mR, photographs of body parts (head, hand, or foot) and a non-corporal object (car) were displayed at different angles rotated within their plane. Subjects were asked to judge laterality of the presented image by keystroke. Both speed and correctness were evaluated. Compared to HC, CD and HS patients performed worse in mR of hands, whereas BS group showed comparable performance. There was a significant association of prolonged mR reaction time (RT) with reduced MoCA scores and with increased RT in an unspecific reaction speed task. After exclusion of cognitively impaired patients, increased RT in the mR of hands was confined to CD group, but not HS. While the question of whether specific patterns of mR impairment reliably define a dystonic endophenotype remains elusive, our findings point to mR as a useful tool, when used carefully with control measures and tasks, which may be capable of identifying specific deficits that distinguish between subtypes of dystonia.
Identification of railway subgrade defects based on ground penetrating radar
Authors: Hou Zhezhe , Zhao Weigang , Yang Yong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA recognition method is proposed to solve the problems in subgrade detection with ground penetrating radar, such as massive data, time–frequency and difference in experience. According to the sparsity of subgrade defects in radar images, the sparse representation of railway subgrade defects is studied from the aspects of the time domain, and time–frequency domain with compressive sensing theory. The features of the radar signal are extracted by sparse representation, thus the sampling data are reduced. Based on fuzzy C-means and generalized regression neural network, a rapid recognition of the railway subgrade defects is realized. Experimental results show that the redundancy of data is reduced, and the accuracy of identification is greatly increased.
Assumed shared belief about conspiracy theories in social networks protects paranoid individuals against distress
Authors: Suthaharan Praveen , Corlett Philip R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractParanoia is the belief that others intend you harm. It is related to conspiracy theories, wherein those others represent an organized faction, coordinating the harm against self and others, and violating societal norms. Current psychological studies of paranoid conspiracy theorizing focus either on the individual or their broader social network. Likewise, theories of belief formation and updating often contain individual level processes as well as broader interpersonal and organizational factors. Here we examine paranoia and conspiracy theorizing in terms of individual behavioral predictors (performance on a probabilistic reversal learning task which assays belief updating) as well as social sensing: we ask participants to report the features of their social network, including whether their friends and acquaintances share their paranoid conspiratorial beliefs. We find that people who believe paranoid conspiracy theories expect more volatility during the task. They also assume that members of their social network share their paranoid beliefs. Critically, those participants with larger social networks and greater assumed shared belief tend to harbor their conspiratorial beliefs with less emotional distress and expect less volatility in the task. This is evidence that, like political and religious beliefs, conspiracy theories may flourish under a sacred canopy of belief consensus. These data suggest that friends and acquaintances may serve as sources of credulity and moving between them may sustain conspiracy beliefs when there is detraction. This hybrid individual/social account may shed light on clinical paranoia and persecutory delusion, wherein disability is defined normatively, and social supports are fewer.
Graphene oxide classification and standardization
Authors: Donato Katarzyna Z. , Tan Hui Li , Marangoni Valeria S. , Martins Marcos V. S. , Ng Pei Rou , Costa Mariana C. F. , Jain Purvi , Lee Sarah J. , Koon Gavin K. W. , Donato Ricardo K. , Castro Neto A. H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThere is a need to classify and standardize graphene-related materials giving the growing use of this materials industrially. One of the most used and more difficult to classify is graphene oxide (GO). Inconsistent definitions of GO, closely relating it to graphene, are found in the literature and industrial brochures. Hence, although they have very different physicochemical properties and industrial applications, commonly used classifications of graphene and GO definitions are not substantial. Consequently, the lack of regulation and standardization create trust issues among sellers and buyers that impede industrial development and progress. With that in mind, this study offers a critical assessment of 34 commercially available GOs, characterized using a systematic and reliable protocol for accessing their quality. We establish correlations between GO physicochemical properties and its applications leading to rationale for its classification.
Structure and spectral properties of Dy3+ doped CaYAlO4 single crystal
Authors: Liu Yunyun , Wang Yan , Wang Meng , Shen Huan , Huang Chuanxin , Wang Xihu , Gao Ju , Tu Chaoyang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA 2 at.% Dy3+: CaYAlO4 single crystal was grown successfully. The electronic structures of Ca2+/Y3+ mixed sites in CaYAlO4 were investigated using first-principles based on density functional theory. The effects of Dy3+ doping on the structural parameters of host crystal were studied using XRD pattern. The optical properties including absorption spectrum, excitation spectrum, emission spectra and fluorescence decay curves were thoroughly investigated. The results show that the Dy3+: CaYAlO4 crystal could be pumped by the blue InGaN and AlGaAs or 1281 nm laser diodes. Furthermore, an intense 578 nm yellow emission was obtained directly under excitation at 453 nm, meanwhile, evident mid-infrared light emitting was observed by 808 or 1281 nm laser excitation. The fitted fluorescence lifetimes of 4F9/2 and 6H13/2 levels were about 0.316 ms and 0.038 ms, respectively. It can be concluded that this Dy3+: CaYAlO4 crystal could simultaneously act as a promising medium for both solid-state yellow and mid-infrared laser outputs.
A high‐efficiency portable system for insulation condition assessment of wind farm inter‐array cables with double‐sided partial discharge detection and localisation
Authors: Yan Yuan , Zhao Yinsong , Zhao Kun , Trinchero Riccardo , Stievano Igor Simone , Li Hongjie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPartial discharge (PD) diagnosis is a crucial tool to assess the insulation condition of wind farm cables. Among PD diagnosis techniques, PD localisation is promising as it can provide target maintenance indicators on the insulation weak points of the cables. Accordingly, this paper developed a portable PD detection and location system for wind farm inter‐array cables. The system consists of two non‐invasive and lightweight testing units, which can be conveniently deployed on an energised cable, enabling highly efficient online PD diagnosis of the widely distributed inter‐array cables. The system achieves accurate PD localisation of the energised cable via an improved double‐sided travelling wave method. The method exhibits two superior features: the double‐sided testing units are accurately synchronised via the joint application of Global Position Systems and a pulse‐based interaction process, and a windowed phase difference method is proposed and integrated into the system to robustly estimate the time‐of‐arrival difference in low signal‐to‐noise ratio environment. Validation experiments were conducted on both a 10‐kV cable in the laboratory and a real 35‐kV cable in an on‐shore wind farm.
A power dispatch approach to enhance dynamic stability for incorporating a large scale PV farm into an isolated grid
Authors: Lin Chi Hsiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAlmost the majority of power dispatch strategies are based on the economic, energy‐efficient or environmental consideration. It has never been studied the effect of power dispatch on dynamic stability of turbine shafts torsional responses. A 9‐bus isolated grid is thus studied in the paper by focusing on such an effect by using the DIgSILENT PowerFactory. It is found the dynamic stability will be affected when a large scale photovoltaic (PV) farm is incorporated into an isolated system. When the system is operating under the low load situations, the traditional generators need to operate with a small rating factor to counterbalance the PV power. That might lead to the torsional modes of the traditional generators become unstable. The power dispatch thus becomes very important for maintaining the stability. Here, some of the commonly used power dispatch approaches have been studied to evaluate their effect on dynamic stability of turbine shafts torsional responses. A moderate dispatch approach then is proposed specifically for improving the torsional responses stability under the system low load situations.
Vergleich des Sprachverstehens unter Berücksichtigung der genauen Elektrodenposition (SRA/MRA/CA)
Authors: Roßberg Caroline , Timm Max , Roßberg Willi , Kludt Eugen , Bronzlik Paul , Lesinski-Schiedat Anke , Büchner Andreas , Lenarz Thomas 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Cochlea-Implantation ist ein seit Jahren routinemäßig durchgeführtes Verfahren zur Hörrehabilitation. Trotzdem sind noch nicht alle Parameter bekannt, welche das Sprachverstehen nach der Implantation beeinflussen. Wir prüfen die Hypothese, ob ein Zusammenhang zwischen dem Sprachverstehen und der Position verschiedener Elektrodentypen im Bezug zum Modiolus in der Cochlea bei identischem Sprachprozessor besteht. Hierfür stellen wir in dieser retrospektiven Studie die Hörergebnisse mit unterschiedlichen Elektrodentypen („Straight Research Array“ [SRA], „Modiolar Research Array“ [MRA] und „Contour Advance“ [CA]) des Herstellers Cochlear in matched pair groups gegenüber.Nach Erstellung von 3 Gruppen durch „matched pairs“ (n=52 Patienten pro Gruppe) erfolgte die Ausmessung der cochleären Parameter (Länge der Außenwand, Einführungswinkel, Insertionstiefe, cochleäre Coverage und Gesamtlänge der Elektrode in der Cochlea, Wrapping Factor) in der routinemäßig durchgeführten prä- und postoperativen hochauflösenden CT oder DVT. Als Zielvariable wurde das Freiburger Einsilberverstehen ein Jahr nach der Implantation verwendet.Im Freiburger Einsilbertest ein Jahr postoperativ kamen die Patienten mit MRA auf 51,2%, die Patienten mit SRA auf 49,5% und die Patienten mit CA auf 58,0% Einsilberverstehen. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass bei steigender cochleärer Coverage bei der MRA und CA das Sprachverstehen der Patienten sinkt und es bei der SRA steigt. Zusätzlich konnte gezeigt werden, dass bei steigendem „Wrapping Factor“ das Einsilberverstehen steigt.Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Lage der Elektrode zum Modiolus nicht der einzige Faktor ist, der Unterschiede im Outcome nach Cochlear-Implantation erklärt.
Are Low Weight or Cardiopathy Contraindications for Thoracoscopic Repair of Esophageal Atresia with Tracheoesophageal Fistula?
Authors: Cadaval Carlos , Molino José Andrés , Guillén Gabriela , López Fernández Sergio , Hierro Carmen López , Martos Rodríguez Marta , Khan Haider Ali , Vilardell Elena , Andreu Eva , Ruiz César W. , López Manuel 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background Thoracoscopic repair of esophageal atresia (EA) with tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is becoming an increasingly widespread technique; there is still controversy about its indication in certain patients. Our objective is to analyze if potential risk factors such as major congenital heart disease (CHD) or low birth weight (LBW) are a limitation to this approach.
Methods Retrospective study (2017–2021) of patients with EA and distal TEF who underwent thoracoscopic repair were included. Patients with LBW less than 2,000 g or major CHD were compared with the rest.
Results Twenty-five patients underwent thoracoscopic surgery. Nine patients (36%) had major CHD. Five of them (20%) were LBW less than 2,000 g, and only 8% (2/25) presented both risk factors. There were no differences in terms of operative time, conversion rate, tolerance evaluated with gasometric parameters (pO2, pCO2, pH) or complications (anastomotic leak and stricture, both early or during follow-up) in patients with major CHD and LBW (1,473 ± 319 vs. 2,664 ± 402 g). One conversion to thoracotomy was performed in a neonate weighing 1,050 g due to anesthetic intolerance. There was no recurrence of TEF. One patient died at the age of 9 months, due to major uncorrectable heart disease.
Conclusion Thoracoscopic repair of EA/TEF is feasible technique in patients with CHD or LBW, with similar results to other patients. The complexity of this technique warrants individualizing the indication in each case.
Level of Evidence IV.
Impact of Extremes of BMI on Outcomes following Lung Resection
Authors: Ahmed-Issap Amber , Jain Shubham , Habib Akolade , Mantio Kim , Spence Angelica , Raseta Marko , Abah Udo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background Body mass index (BMI) has been shown to be an independent predictor of survival following lung resection surgery. This study aimed to quantify the short- to midterm impact of abnormal BMI on postoperative outcomes.
Methods Lung resections at a single institution were examined between 2012 and 2021. Patients were divided into low BMI (<18.5), normal/high BMI (18.5–29.9), and obese BMI (>30). Postoperative complications, length of stay, and 30- and 90-day mortality were examined.
Results A total of 2,424 patients were identified. Of these patients, 2.6% (n = 62) had a low BMI, 67.4% (n = 1,634) had a normal/high BMI, and 30.0% (n = 728) had an obese BMI. Overall postoperative complications were higher in the low BMI group (43.5%) when compared with normal/high (30.9%) and obese BMI group (24.3%) (p = 0.0002). Median length of stay was significantly higher in the low BMI group (8.3 days) compared with 5.2 days in the normal/high and obese BMI groups (p < 0.0001). Ninety-day mortality was higher in the low (16.1%) compared with the normal/high (4.5%) and obese BMI groups (3.7%) (p = 0.0006). Subgroup analysis of the obese cohort did not elucidate any statistically significant differences in overall complications in the morbidly obese. Multivariate analysis determined that BMI is an independent predictor of reduced postoperative complications (odds ratio [OR], 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94–0.97; p < 0.0001) and 90-day mortality (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.92–0.99; p = 0.02).
Conclusion Low BMI is associated with significantly worse postoperative outcomes and an approximate fourfold increase in mortality. In our cohort, obesity is associated with reduced morbidity and mortality following lung resection surgery, confirming the existence of the obesity paradox.
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Patients Receiving More Than 25 Platelet Transfusions
Authors: Bahr Timothy M. , Ohls Robin K. , Ilstrup Sarah J. , Christensen Robert D. 
Published: April 2023

Objective A few patients in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) receive numerous platelet transfusions. These patients can become refractory, defined as transfusions of ≥10 mL/kg failing to increase the platelet count by at least 5,000/µL. Causes of, and best treatments for, platelet transfusion refractoriness in neonates have not been defined.
Study Design Multi-NICU multiyear retrospective analysis of neonates receiving >25 platelet transfusions.
Results Eight neonates received 29 to 52 platelet transfusions. All eight were blood group O. Five had sepsis, four were very small for gestational age, four had bowel resections, two Noonan syndrome, two had cytomegalovirus infection. All eight had some (19–73%) refractory transfusions. Many (2–69%) of the transfusions were ordered when the platelet count was >50,000/µL. Higher posttransfusion counts occurred after ABO-identical transfusions (p = 0.026). Three of the eight had late NICU deaths related to respiratory failure; all five survivors had severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia requiring tracheostomy for prolonged ventilator management.
Conclusion Neonates who are high users of platelet transfusions appear to be at high risk for poor outcomes, especially respiratory failure. Future studies will examine whether group O neonates are more likely to develop refractoriness and whether certain neonates would have a higher magnitude of posttransfusion rise if they received ABO-identical donor platelets.
Key Points
Research on the performance of a valveless piezoelectric pump with a herringbone bluffbody
Authors: Yu Dahai , Hu Renhui , Huang Yongxin , Hu Dianbin , He Lipeng , Cheng Guangming 
Published: April 2023

Aiming to improve the output performance of a valveless piezoelectric pump, this article presents a valveless piezoelectric pump with a herringbone bluffbody. The bluffbody is herringbone shaped and distributed in a tapered chamber. The tapered chamber and the bluffbody create a large reverse resistance in the chamber, thus effectively mitigating the backflow problem of the valveless pump. The theoretical analysis determined the relationship between the flow rate and the flow resistance coefficient as well as the variation of the pump chamber volume. It was also concluded that the piezoelectric pump has the best output flow at intrinsic frequencies. Through simulation calculations, the effectiveness of the bluffbody structure in mitigating backflow in piezoelectric pumps is analyzed to provide a reference for experimental prototype design parameters. Finally, a range of prototypes is produced for experimentation. The experimental results show that the designed bluffbody shape can increase the return energy loss to effectively mitigate the return flow issues of the valveless piezoelectric pump, thus improving the output performance. The optimum output flow rate is 158.5 ml/min at 200 V and 52.5 Hz and the tapered chamber angle of 6°, and the bluffbody height, angle, and quantities are 2 mm, 40°, and 2, respectively. The construction of the valveless piezoelectric pump proposed in this research can be used as a reference for subsequent improvements in the performance of valveless piezoelectric pumps, and due to the high output performance, experimental studies can be carried out in applications such as dispensing and heat dissipation in electronic products.
A ring shear device to simulate cryosphere processes
Authors: Zoet L. K. , Sobol P. , Lord N. , Hansen D. D. 
Published: April 2023

We have developed a new cryogenic ring shear device at the University of Wisconsin–Madison to simulate cryosphere processes, with an emphasis on the physics of glacier slip. The device spins a ring of ice (inner diameter of 20 cm, outer diameter of 60 cm, height of ∼20–30 cm) at the pressure melting point over a rotationally fixed bed. The ice ring is spun at a prescribed velocity (range of ∼0.01–1000 m a−1) while the resistance to slip is measured. A ram at the base of the device applies a vertical load to the sample chamber to simulate the overburden pressure (range ∼5–915 kPa) felt at a glacier’s base. The sample chamber is constructed with transparent acrylic walls, allowing subglacial processes to be observed directly by a series of cameras. The entire device is housed in a large walk-in freezer. In the freezer, the sample chamber is submerged in a tub of temperature-controlled fluid that precisely regulates heat flux into the sample chamber, replicating in situ conditions and allowing for prolonged experiments that last weeks to months. This device can be used to study several of the most unconstrained physical processes that regulate glacier movement and, in doing so, greatly improve predictions of glacier contributions to sea-level rise.
Excited-state dynamics of o-nitrophenol studied with UV pump–VUV probe time-resolved photoelectron and photoion spectroscopy
Authors: McClung Samuel , Abeygunewardane Dakshitha , Matsika Spiridoula , Weinacht Thomas 
Published: April 2023

Time-resolved photoionization measurements were performed on o-nitrophenol pumped with UV laser pulses at a central wavelength of 255 nm (4.9 eV) and probed with vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) pulses at 153 nm (8.1 eV). The photoelectron spectrum and time of flight mass spectrum for ions were recorded at each pump–probe delay. The measurements are interpreted with the aid of electronic structure calculations for both the neutral and ionic states. Evidence is found for the formation of a bicyclic intermediate followed by NO dissociation through a process of internal conversion and intersystem crossing. The combination of photoelectron and photoion spectroscopy, together with computational results, provides strong evidence of intersystem crossing that is difficult to establish with only a single technique.