bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advertisement of unhealthy commodities in Bristol and South Gloucestershire and rationale for a new advertisement policy
Authors: Scott Lauren J. , Nobles James , Sillero-Rejon Carlos , Brockman Rowan , Toumpakari Zoi , Jago Russell , Cummins Steven , Blake Sarah , Horwood Jeremy , de Vocht Frank 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Bristol City Council introduced a new advertisement policy in 2021/2022 which included prohibiting the advertising of unhealthy food and drink (HFSS), alcohol, gambling and payday loans across council-owned advertising spaces. This mixed methods study is part of the BEAR study, and aimed to explore the rationale and the barriers and facilitators to implementing the policy, and describe the perceived advertising environment prior to implementation.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were carried out with seven stakeholders involved in the design and implementation of the advertising policy. A stakeholder topic guide was developed before interviews took place to help standardise the lines of inquiry between interviewees. A resident survey was developed to collect socio-demographic data and, for the purpose of this study, information regarding observations of advertising for HFSS products, alcohol and gambling.

Results
Fifty-eight percent of respondents residing in Bristol and South Gloucestershire reported seeing advertisements for unhealthy commodities in the week prior to completing the survey. This was highest for HFSS products (40%). 16% of residents reported seeing HFSS product advertisements specifically appealing to children. For HFSS products in particular, younger people were more likely to report seeing adverts than older people, as were those who were from more deprived areas. An advertisement policy that restricts the advertisement of such unhealthy commodities, and in particular for HFSS products, has the potential to reduce health inequalities. This rationale directly influenced the development of the advertisement policy in Bristol. Implementation of the policy benefitted from an existing supportive environment following the ‘health in all policies’ initiative and a focus on reducing health inequalities across the city.

Conclusions
Unhealthy product advertisements, particularly for unhealthy food and drinks, were observed more by younger people and those living in more deprived areas. Policies that specifically restrict such advertisements, therefore, have the potential to reduce health inequalities, as was the hope when this policy was developed. Future evaluation of the policy will provide evidence of any public health impact.
The impact of pandemic mental cognition on cultural values: an empirical study based on social media
Authors: Mo Liuling , Liu Yun , Li Ang , Liu Tianli , Zhu Tingshao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
COVID-19 has triggered a global public health crisis, and had an impact on economies, societies, and politics around the world. Based on the pathogen prevalence hypothesis suggested that residents of areas with higher infection rates are more likely to be collectivists as compared with those of areas with lower infection rates. Many researchers had studied the direct link between infectious diseases and individualism/collectivism (infectious diseases→ cultural values), but no one has focused on the specific psychological factors between them: (infectious diseases→ cognition of the pandemic→ cultural values). To test and develop the pathogen prevalence hypothesis, we introduced pandemic mental cognition and conducted an empirical study on social media (Chinese Sina Weibo), hoping to explore the psychological reasons behind in cultural value changes in the context of a pandemic.

Methods
We downloaded all posts from active Sina Weibo users in Dalian during the pandemic period (January 2020 to May 2022) and used dictionary-based approaches to calculate frequency of words from two domains (pandemic mental cognition and collectivism/individualism), respectively. Then we used the multiple log-linear regression analysis method to establish the relationship between pandemic mental cognition and collectivism/individualism.

Results
Among three dimensions of pandemic mental cognition, only the sense of uncertainty had a significant positive relationship with collectivism, and also had a marginal significant positive relationship with individualism. There was a significant positive correlation between the first-order lag term AR(1) and individualism, which means the individualism tendency was mainly affected by its previous level.

Conclusions
The study found that more collectivist regions are associated with a higher pathogen burden, and recognized the sense of uncertainty as its underlying cause. Results of this study validated and further developed the pathogen stress hypothesis in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
The presence of circulating genetically abnormal cells in blood predicts risk of lung cancer in individuals with indeterminate pulmonary nodules
Authors: Tahvilian Shahram , Kuban Joshua D. , Yankelevitz David F. , Leventon Daniel , Henschke Claudia I. , Zhu Jeffrey , Baden Lara , Yip Rowena , Hirsch Fred R. , Reed Rebecca , Brown Ashley , Muldoon Allison , Trejo Michael , Katchman Benjamin A. , Donovan Michael J. , Pagano Paul C. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Computed tomography is the standard method by which pulmonary nodules are detected. Greater than 40% of pulmonary biopsies are not lung cancer and therefore not necessary, suggesting that improved diagnostic tools are needed. The LungLB™ blood test was developed to aid the clinical assessment of indeterminate nodules suspicious for lung cancer. LungLB™ identifies circulating genetically abnormal cells (CGACs) that are present early in lung cancer pathogenesis.

Methods
LungLB™ is a 4-color fluorescence in-situ hybridization assay for detecting CGACs from peripheral blood. A prospective correlational study was performed on 151 participants scheduled for a pulmonary nodule biopsy. Mann-Whitney, Fisher’s Exact and Chi-Square tests were used to assess participant demographics and correlation of LungLB™ with biopsy results, and sensitivity and specificity were also evaluated.

Results
Participants from Mount Sinai Hospital (n = 83) and MD Anderson (n = 68), scheduled for a pulmonary biopsy were enrolled to have a LungLB™ test. Additional clinical variables including smoking history, previous cancer, lesion size, and nodule appearance were also collected. LungLB™ achieved 77% sensitivity and 72% specificity with an AUC of 0.78 for predicting lung cancer in the associated needle biopsy. Multivariate analysis found that clinical and radiological factors commonly used in malignancy prediction models did not impact the test performance. High test performance was observed across all participant characteristics, including clinical categories where other tests perform poorly (Mayo Clinic Model, AUC = 0.52).

Conclusion
Early clinical performance of the LungLB™ test supports a role in the discrimination of benign from malignant pulmonary nodules. Extended studies are underway.
Long-term results of valgus intertrochanteric osteotomy for partial avascular necrosis of the femoral head after femoral neck fracture in adolescents
Authors: Chochola Antonín , Bartoníček Jan , Douša Pavel , Tuček Michal 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The study evaluates long-term results in patients treated by valgus intertrochanteric osteotomy (VITO) for partial avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) after fracture of the femoral neck in adolescent age. Although this method is mentioned in literature frequently, there are only few studies in the literature dealing with it in detail.

Methods
Authors evaluated five patients at the interval of 15 to 20 years following VITO. The mean age of the patients at the time of injury was 13.6 years and at the time of VITO 16.7 years. The studied parameters included resorption of necrotic segment of femoral head, development of posttraumatic osteoarthritis and leg shortening.

Results
Comparison of radiographs and MRI scans before and after VITO showed resorption of the necrotic segment of the femoral head and its remodeling in all five patients. However, two patients gradually developed slight osteoarthritic changes. In one patient, remodeling of the femoral head occurred during the first 6 years postoperatively. Subsequently, the patient developed severe osteoarthritis with marked clinical symptoms.

Conclusion
VITO can improve the long-term function of the hip joint in adolescents with ANFH after a femoral neck fracture, but cannot restore completely the original shape and structure of the femoral head.
Periodontal health status in cirrhotic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bie Mengyao , Wu Peiyao , Zhou Jieyu , Li Yan , Zhao Lei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Liver cirrhosis is a disease with widespread prevalence and high mortality. Oral manifestations, particularly periodontal-related manifestations such as bleeding gums, red and swollen gums, are common in cirrhotic patients but may often be overshadowed by other systemic complications, making them easy to ignore. So this article conducts a systematic review and meta-analysis of periodontal health status in patients with cirrhosis.

Material and methods
We performed electronic searches on the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Risk of bias evaluation was carried out according to the Fowkes and Fulton guidelines. Meta-analyses were performed with tests for sensitivity and statistical heterogeneity.

Results
Of the 368 potentially eligible articles, 12 studies were included for qualitative analysis, and 9 contributed to the meta-analysis. In terms of periodontal-related parameters, cirrhotic patients presented a greater mean of clinical attachment loss (CAL) (weighted mean differences [WMD] = 1.078, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.546–1.609, p < 0.001), probing depth (PD) (WMD = 0.796, 95% CI: 0.158 to 1.434, p = 0.015) and alveolar bone loss (ABL) (WMD = 3.465, 95% CI: 2.946–3.984, p < 0.001) than those without, while no statistical difference was found in the papillary bleeding index (PBI) (WMD = 0.166, 95% CI: -0546 to 0.878, p = 0.647) and bleeding on probing (BOP) (WMD = 4.913, 95% CI: -3.099 to 12.926, p = 0.229). The prevalence of periodontitis was higher in cirrhotic patients than in the control group (odds ratio [OR] = 2.630, 95% CI: 1.531–4.520, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
The results indicate that cirrhotic patients have poor periodontal conditions and a higher prevalence of periodontitis. We advocate that they should receive regular oral hygiene and basic periodontal treatment.
Interpretable machine learning models for hospital readmission prediction: a two-step extracted regression tree approach
Authors: Gao Xiaoquan , Alam Sabriya , Shi Pengyi , Dexter Franklin , Kong Nan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Advanced machine learning models have received wide attention in assisting medical decision making due to the greater accuracy they can achieve. However, their limited interpretability imposes barriers for practitioners to adopt them. Recent advancements in interpretable machine learning tools allow us to look inside the black box of advanced prediction methods to extract interpretable models while maintaining similar prediction accuracy, but few studies have investigated the specific hospital readmission prediction problem with this spirit.

Methods
Our goal is to develop a machine-learning (ML) algorithm that can predict 30- and 90- day hospital readmissions as accurately as black box algorithms while providing medically interpretable insights into readmission risk factors. Leveraging a state-of-art interpretable ML model, we use a two-step Extracted Regression Tree approach to achieve this goal. In the first step, we train a black box prediction algorithm. In the second step, we extract a regression tree from the output of the black box algorithm that allows direct interpretation of medically relevant risk factors. We use data from a large teaching hospital in Asia to learn the ML model and verify our two-step approach.

Results
The two-step method can obtain similar prediction performance as the best black box model, such as Neural Networks, measured by three metrics: accuracy, the Area Under the Curve (AUC) and the Area Under the Precision-Recall Curve (AUPRC), while maintaining interpretability. Further, to examine whether the prediction results match the known medical insights (i.e., the model is truly interpretable and produces reasonable results), we show that key readmission risk factors extracted by the two-step approach are consistent with those found in the medical literature.

Conclusions
The proposed two-step approach yields meaningful prediction results that are both accurate and interpretable. This study suggests a viable means to improve the trust of machine learning based models in clinical practice for predicting readmissions through the two-step approach.
Five-year fidelity assessment of an evidence-based parenting program (GenerationPMTO): inter-rater reliability following international implementation
Authors: Sigmarsdóttir Margrét , Rodríguez Melanie M. Domenech , Gewirtz Abigail , Rains Laura , Tjaden Jolle , Forgatch Marion S. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Implementing evidence-based programs in community service settings introduces the challenge of ensuring sustained fidelity to the original program. We employ a fidelity measure based on direct observation of practitioners’ competence and adherence to the evidence-based parenting program (EBPP) GenerationPMTO following installation in national and international sites. Fidelity monitoring is crucial, especially when the program purveyor transfers administration of the program to the community as was done in this case. In previous studies, the Fidelity of Implementation rating system (FIMP) was used to evaluate practitioners’ fidelity to the GenerationPMTO intervention in six countries following implementation showing high levels of adherence up to 17 years post certification. Other studies showed FIMP to have predictive validity. The present study provides inter-rater reliability data for this fidelity tool across teams of the purveyor, Implementation Sciences International, Inc./ISII, and national and international sites over a five-year period.

Methods
Data assess inter-rater reliability in terms of percent agreement and intraclass correlation (ICC) for the purveyor’s two fidelity teams and the fidelity teams in seven implementation sites.

Results
Results report stable good to excellent levels of inter-rater reliability and ICCs as well as good attendance at fidelity meetings for all fidelity teams.

Conclusions
This observational method of assessing fidelity post implementation is a promising approach to enable EBPPs to be transferred safely from purveyors to communities while maintaining reliable fidelity to the intervention.
Systems thinking methods: a worked example of supporting emergency medical services decision-makers to prioritize and contextually analyse potential interventions and their implementation
Authors: Rehbock Cassandra , Krafft Thomas , Sommer Anja , Beumer Carijn , Beckers Stefan K. , Thate Stefan , Kaminski Jörn , Ziemann Alexandra 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Systems thinking can be used as a participatory data collection and analysis tool to understand complex implementation contexts and their dynamics with interventions, and it can support the selection of tailored and effective implementation actions. A few previous studies have applied systems thinking methods, mainly causal loop diagrams, to prioritize interventions and to illustrate the respective implementation context. The present study aimed to explore how systems thinking methods can help decision-makers (1) understand locally specific causes and effects of a key issue and how they are interlinked, (2) identify the most relevant interventions and best fit in the system, and (3) prioritize potential interventions and contextually analyse the system and potential interventions.

Methods
A case study approach was adopted in a regional emergency medical services (EMS) system in Germany. We applied systems thinking methods following three steps: (1) a causal loop diagram (CLD) with causes and effects (variables) of the key issue “rising EMS demand” was developed together with local decision-makers; (2) targeted interventions addressing the key issue were determined, and impacts and delays were used to identify best intervention variables to determine the system’s best fit for implementation; (3) based on steps 1 and 2, interventions were prioritized and, based on a pathway analysis related to a sample intervention, contextually analysed.

Results
Thirty-seven variables were identified in the CLD. All of them, except for the key issue, relate to one of five interlinked subsystems. Five variables were identified as best fit for implementing three potential interventions. Based on predicted implementation difficulty and effect, as well as delays and best intervention variables, interventions were prioritized. The pathway analysis on the example of implementing a standardized structured triage tool highlighted certain contextual factors (e.g. relevant stakeholders, organizations), delays and related feedback loops (e.g. staff resource finiteness) that help decision-makers to tailor the implementation.

Conclusions
Systems thinking methods can be used by local decision-makers to understand their local implementation context and assess its influence and dynamic connections to the implementation of a particular intervention, allowing them to develop tailored implementation and monitoring strategies.
Exploring the merits of research performance measures that comply with the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment and strategies to overcome barriers of adoption: qualitative interviews with administrators and researchers
Authors: Boury Himani , Albert Mathieu , Chen Robert H. C. , Chow James C. L. , DaCosta Ralph , Hoffman Michael M. , Keshavarz Behrang , Kontos Pia , McAndrews Mary Pat , Protze Stephanie , Gagliardi Anna R. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
In prior research, we identified and prioritized ten measures to assess research performance that comply with the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment, a principle adopted worldwide that discourages metrics-based assessment. Given the shift away from assessment based on Journal Impact Factor, we explored potential barriers to implementing and adopting the prioritized measures.

Methods
We identified administrators and researchers across six research institutes, conducted telephone interviews with consenting participants, and used qualitative description and inductive content analysis to derive themes.

Results
We interviewed 18 participants: 6 administrators (research institute business managers and directors) and 12 researchers (7 on appointment committees) who varied by career stage (2 early, 5 mid, 5 late). Participants appreciated that the measures were similar to those currently in use, comprehensive, relevant across disciplines, and generated using a rigorous process. They also said the reporting template was easy to understand and use. In contrast, a few administrators thought the measures were not relevant across disciplines. A few participants said it would be time-consuming and difficult to prepare narratives when reporting the measures, and several thought that it would be difficult to objectively evaluate researchers from a different discipline without considerable effort to read their work. Strategies viewed as necessary to overcome barriers and support implementation of the measures included high-level endorsement of the measures, an official launch accompanied by a multi-pronged communication strategy, training for both researchers and evaluators, administrative support or automated reporting for researchers, guidance for evaluators, and sharing of approaches across research institutes.

Conclusions
While participants identified many strengths of the measures, they also identified a few limitations and offered corresponding strategies to address the barriers that we will apply at our organization. Ongoing work is needed to develop a framework to help evaluators translate the measures into an overall assessment. Given little prior research that identified research assessment measures and strategies to support adoption of those measures, this research may be of interest to other organizations that assess the quality and impact of research.
NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 drives breast cancer metastasis through the up-regulation of cholesterol synthesis via the mTORC1 pathway
Authors: Ning Siyi , Liu Caiying , Wang Kangtao , Cai Yubo , Ning Zhicheng , Li Ming , Zeng Liang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Reprogramming lipid metabolism for tumor metastasis is essential in breast cancer, and NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 plays a crucial role in regulating energy metabolism. Its high expression is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. Here, we studied whether NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 promotes breast cancer metastasis through reprogramming cholesterol metabolism.

Methods
ELISA was employed to measure the concentration of Nesfatin-1 in the serum of breast cancer patients and the control group. Database analysis suggested that NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 might be acetylated in breast cancer, which was confirmed by treating the breast cancer cells with acetyltransferase inhibitors. Transwell migration and Matrigel invasion assays were conducted, and nude mouse lung metastasis models were established to examine the effect of NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 on breast cancer metastasis in vitro and in vivo. The Affymetrix gene expression chip results were analyzed using IPA software to identify the critical pathway induced by NUCB2/Nesfatin-1. We evaluated the effect of NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 on cholesterol biosynthesis through the mTORC1-SREBP2-HMGCR axis by utilizing mTORC1 inhibitor and rescue experiments.

Results
NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 was found to be overexpressed in the breast cancer patients, and its overexpression was positively correlated with poor prognosis. NUCB2 was potentially acetylated, leading to high expression in breast cancer. NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 promoted metastasis in vitro and in vivo, while Nesfatin-1 rescued impaired cell metastasis induced by NUCB2 depletion. Mechanistically, NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 upregulated cholesterol synthesis via the mTORC1 signal pathway, contributing to breast cancer migration and metastasis.

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that the NUCB2/Nesfatin-1/mTORC1/SREBP2 signal pathway is critical in regulating cholesterol synthesis, essential for breast cancer metastasis. Thus, NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 might be utilized as a diagnostic tool and also used in cancer therapy for breast cancer in the future.