bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Release of liquid CO2 from the bottom of a duct
Authors: Ibrahim Osama M. , Gaathaug André Vagner , Hansen Per Morten , Bjerketvedt Dag , Vaagsaether Knut 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper presents experimental results of the rapid phase transition of liquid CO2released from the bottom of a small rectangular duct (BR). The aim is to consider the factors influencing the phase transitions and the release rate if the rupture area is below the liquid level. The tests are initiated by rupturing the diaphragm separating the test section from an atmospheric chamber. Pressure and temperature measurements are used to analyze the phase transition. Also, a high-speed shadowgraph technique is used to visualize the waves. The results are compared with previous top-release tests (TR), where the rupture area is sited above the liquid level. Test results show that the duct’s outlet flow behavior for the BR differs from the TR tests, wherein the gas/two-phase flow is choking. In the BR tests, the shadowgraph images demonstrate that when the liquid/two-phase flows out, the liquid/vapor interface remains nearly fixed until it breaks up. This behavior indicates that the headspace vapor has little influence on the initial evaporation in the BR tests. The results from the current BR tests indicate a lower degree of superheating than in the TR tests (it decreases by 34% for LVF = 66.0%), and the evaporation rate is 1.2–1.8 times faster.Graphical abstract
Which Soil Properties Determine Tree Nutrient Supply in Extreme Technosol Conditions?
Authors: Świątek Bartłomiej , Pietrzykowski Marcin , Sroka Katarzyna , Otremba Krzysztof , Chodak Marcin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn recent years, there has been an increased interest in the selection of tree species for their adaptation to difficult habitat conditions in post-mining areas. As global climate change can cause changes in the circulation of elements, it is vital to understand how soil and habitat conditions affect the mineral nutritional status of trees.The study compared the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content in the leaves of various tree species on different substrates created by mining activities. The research was carried out in stands growing on reclaimed post-mining soils composed of various parent materials, including sands, clays, and ashes. The factors influencing the N and P supply to trees in the designated parent material were investigated. The soil’s physicochemical properties were determined, and biochemical analyses were conducted. The tests performed showed that there were no differences in the N and P content in the leaves of scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), black alder (Alnus glutinosa), and common birch (Larix decidua) growing on different substrates. The results confirmed a significant relationship between the mineral nutritional status of trees and the chemical (N, Mg2+, and K+) and biological (AcdPhoSP) properties of soils. The N supply was related to the contents of nitrogen total (Ntot) and exchangeable magnesium (Mg2+) in soils and to the specific activity of acid phosphatase (AcdPhoSP). The level of phosphorus (P) supply to the studied tree species growing on technogenic soils was shown to be a factor related to the activity of acid phosphatase (AcdPhoSP).
Current landscape and challenges ahead of immuno-molecular mechanism and immunotherapy strategy of brain metastases
Authors: Guo Hanfei , Wang Bin , Li Wenqian , Chen Naifei , Cui Jiuwei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBrain metastases are the most common central nervous system malignancies in adults. The popular view is that due to the existence of the blood–brain barrier, whether there are immune cells in the central nervous system has always been controversial. Current research shows that immune cells do exist in the central nervous system and play a vital role in the occurrence and development of brain metastasis. The central nervous system has a unique immune microenvironment, and the study of its mechanism is of great significance for the prediction and treatment of brain metastases. This article aims to discuss the components of the brain tumor microenvironment (TME) and immune mechanism of tumor brain metastasis, in the hopes of making better treatment through combination therapy.
Interface-enhanced superconductivity in monolayer 1T′-MoTe2 on SrTiO3(001)
Authors: Yang Bo , Zhao Chenxiao , Xia Bing , Ma Haiyang , Chen Hongyuan , Cai Jie , Yang Hao , Liu Xiaoxue , Liu Liang , Guan Dandan , Wang Shiyong , Li Yaoyi , Liu Canhua , Zheng Hao , Jia Jinfeng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroducing superconductivity into two-dimensional (2D) films with nontrivial topology has been intensively pursued as one of the feasible scenarios to realize 1D topological superconductor. Prevailing endeavors mostly exploit the external gating or proximity effect of a traditional superconductor, by which the critical temperatures ($T_{\mathrm{c}}$

T
c

) are limited to several Kelvin range. Here, we report on the discovery of interface-enhanced superconductivity in monolayer 1T′-MoTe2 film. A thermally driven phase transition from Mo6Te6 nanowires to 1T′-MoTe2 films, grown on SrTiO3(001) surface by the molecular beam epitaxial methods, is demonstrated. A combined study of scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy, electrical transport and magnetization measurements indicates the $T_{\mathrm{c}}$

T
c

of MoTe2 film is around 30 K, two orders of magnitude larger than its 3D counterpart crystal. This study shows that interfacial engineering is an efficient way to tune monolayer 1T′-MoTe2 film into superconducting states, and thus may pave the way toward higher-$T_{\mathrm{c}}$

T
c

1D intrinsic topological superconductivity.
Edema description in pediatric critical care: terms, patterns, and clinical characteristics
Authors: Gaetani Melany , See Emily , Satkumaran Saravanan , Gelbart Ben 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
No validated methods are currently available to objectively quantify edema in critical illness. Therefore, the frequency, timing of onset, and association between edema and outcomes are unknown. Since clinicians document the presence of edema based on physical examination in the medical record, natural language processing techniques could be used to better understand its epidemiology. The objectives of this study were to describe the patterns of edema documentation by clinicians and to compare clinical characteristics and outcomes of children with and without edema.

Methods
An observational cohort study was conducted in a quaternary, university-affiliated pediatric intensive care unit (ICU). Eligible patients were aged 0–18 years and admitted to ICU for a minimum of 12 h.

Results
A total of 7884 patient admissions were studied, and a cumulative total of 211,122 notes were evaluated. Approximately, 40% of patient admissions had documented edema, of which 49% occurred before day 2 of ICU stay. The most commonly documented term across all provider types was “edema”. In multivariable regression analysis, patients who were mechanically ventilated and those with NIV, ECMO support, RRT, and vasoactive support had an increased odds of edema documentation throughout ICU stay. There was also an adjusted increased odds of death of (aOR 1.6, 95% CI of 1.1–2.2) in those with edema documented.

Conclusions
Edema is documented frequently and early in ICU stay. Children with edema documented were younger, required more invasive therapies, and, in addition to greater duration of intensive care stay, had higher mortality rates.
Errors and fallibility in radiology: X-ray readings and expert radiologists, 1947–1960
Authors: Lysen Flora 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article traces the historical emergence of a new understanding of radiologists as fallible expert observers from the late 1940s, a conception that was shaped by new technologies and techniques, but also prepared the ground for promises of automation and artificial intelligence in the field of medical imaging. Reports of radiologists’ unreliable performance prompted investigations in many countries into ‘observer variability’ and ‘observer error’. Towards the end of the 1950s, scientists could conceive of radiologists as imperfect medical decision makers, while they concurrently developed a new model for ‘logical analysis’ of the diagnostic process that would limit errors. As well as technological solutions to flawed X-ray readers, researchers proposed ‘double-reading’ practices (a second independent reading) as a way to mitigate the ‘human factor’. Yet these ideas did not find widespread resonance due to concerns about feasibility and debates about radiological expertise, and also because of a discrepancy between experimental models and real-world practices. A genealogy of the fallible trained observer helps us understand persistent worries about – and solutions to – radiologists’ ‘error problem’ and contributes to a better understanding of current discourses on AI in medical imaging.
A Romancastellumat Chott Chergui (Algeria)
Authors: Djeradi Mustapha Ameur 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRoman remains were discovered by chance at Saf-Saf Lakhdara in the Chott Chergui (Algeria). This article attempts to demonstrate that these ruins are part of a Roman fortification in the south of Caesarian Mauretania, far from the Severanlimes, the course of which has been confirmed by numerous archaeologists. A historical-comparative study has been carried out to confirm that the ruins of Saf-Saf Lakhdar are those of acastellum. The corpus of graphic and photographic records and the ‘Khnag ‘Azzir’ inscription, combined with theoretical sources on Roman defensive architecture, confirmed that the fortifications at Saf-Saf Lakhdar were part of acastellum. The ‘Khnag ‘Azzir’ inscription revealed three main facts: it is dedicated to deities to commemorate the victory over the Berber tribes of the Saharan Atlas; it mentions Caius Octavius Pudens, who was procurator during the reign of the emperor Septimius Severus; and it mentions the conflicts between Rome and the Bavarians, a tribe from the ancient Maghreb. We urgently need to protect the site and carry out excavations in the hope of finding pottery or other objects that could shed light on and support this discovery.
Rumination in bipolar disorder associated with brain network and behavioural measures of inhibitory executive control
Authors: Chou Tina , Dougherty Darin D. , Nierenberg Andrew A. , Ghaznavi Sharmin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjective:Rumination is a passive form of negative self-focused cognition that predicts depressive episodes for individuals with bipolar disorder (BD). Individuals with BD also have impaired inhibitory executive control; rumination in BD may therefore reflect executive dysfunction. We investigated the relationship between a neural measure of executive functioning (functional connectivity between the frontoparietal control network [FPCN] and the default mode network [DMN] during an effortful task), behavioural measures of executive functioning (the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function) and rumination (the Ruminative Responses Scale).Methods:Fifteen individuals with BD and fifteen healthy controls underwent MRI scans during mental distraction. Using CONN toolbox, between-network FPCN-DMN connectivity values were calculated. We conducted Pearson’s r bivariate correlations between connectivity values, BRIEF and RRS scores.Results:RRS scores were positively correlated with BRIEF Behavioral Regulation Index (BRI) scores. In individuals with BD, there was a positive correlation between FPCN-DMN functional connectivity during distraction and BRIEF BRI scores. FPCN-DMN functional connectivity was also positively correlated with RRS ruminative brooding scores. Healthy controls did not show significant correlations between these behavioural and neural measures of executive functioning and rumination.Conclusion:For individuals with BD, the greater the tendency to ruminate and the higher the executive dysfunction, the stronger the connectivity between an executive control network and a network involved in rumination during an unrelated cognitive task. This could reflect continual attempts to inhibit ruminative thinking and shift back to the distraction task. Therefore, engagement in rumination may reflect failed inhibitory executive control.
Understanding the disease and economic impact of avirulent avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1) infection in Great Britain
Authors: Reid Scott M. , Skinner Paul , Sutton David , Ross Craig S. , Drewek Karolina , Weremczuk Natalia , Banyard Ashley C. , Mahmood Sahar , Mansfield Karen L , Mayers Jo , Thomas Saumya S. , Brookes Sharon M. , Brown Ian H. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is a notifiable disease affecting chickens and other avian species caused by virulent strains of Avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1). While outbreaks of ND can have devastating consequences, avirulent strains of APMV-1 generally cause subclinical infections or mild disease. However, viruses can cause different levels of disease in different species and virulence can evolve following cross-species transmission events. This report describes the detection of three cases of avirulent APMV-1 infection in Great Britain (GB). Case 1 emerged from the ‘testing to exclude’ scheme in chickens in Shropshire while cases 2 and 3 were made directly from notifiable avian disease investigations in chicken broilers in Herefordshire and on premises in Wiltshire containing ducks and mixed species, respectively). Class II/genotype I.1.1 APMV-1 from case 1 shared 99.94% identity to the Queensland V4 strain of APMV-1. Class II/genotype II APMV-1 was detected from case 2 while the class II/genotype I.2 virus from case 3 aligned closely with strains isolated from Anseriformes. Exclusion of ND through rapid detection of avirulent APMV-1 is important where clinical signs caused by avirulent or virulent APMV-1s could be ambiguous. Understanding the diversity of APMV-1s circulating in GB is critical to understanding disease threat from these adaptable viruses.
Dosimetric case study of 3-D FiF vs. VMAT techniques in the treatment of H/N tumour
Authors: Xie Zhaohui 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A case study comparing three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy with field-in-field (FiF) technique and volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for head/neck (H/N) irradiation, evaluating the differences in the treatment techniques and low doses to critical structures. Compared to VMAT plan, 3D FIF plan offers similar planning target volume coverage and acceptable organs at risk dose. Therefore, 3D FIF is still a feasible alternative for some centres unqualified for IMRT/VMAT worldwide.
Obstacles and Limitations in the Use of Protocols Responding Intimate Partner Violence Against Women from the Health System in Spain
Authors: Badenes-Sastre Marta , Lorente Acosta Miguel , Beltrán-Morillas Ana M. , Expósito Francisca 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) is a public health problem that affects women worldwide. Consequently, victims frequently go to healthcare centers, usually with a cover reason. To address this problem, national and autonomic protocols to respond to IPVAW in health systems have been developed in Spain. In this regard, the role of primary care physicians (PCPs) will be essential for addressing IPVAW, but they could encounter obstacles in doing so. The purpose of this study was to explore how IPVAW is addressed in healthcare centers in Spain. This study synthesized the information available in the protocols to address IPVAW among health care workers in Spain and analyzed it according to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Additionally, PCPs’ perspectives on these protocols and the nature of IPVAW attention from healthcare centers were explored through a focus group. The findings displayed that, although the protocols mostly conform to WHO guidelines, they are insufficient to address IPVAW. Generally, PCPs were unaware of the existence of the protocols and referred to the lack of training in IPVAW and protocol use as one of the main obstacles to intervening, along with a lack of time and feelings as well as cultural, educational, and political factors. The adoption of measures to ensure that PCPs apply these protocols correctly and to approach PCPs’ obstacles for addressing IPVAW in consultations will be crucial for the care of victims.
Multi‐Band Periodic Poleward‐Moving Auroral Arcs at the Postdawn Sector: A Case Study
Authors: Yin Ze‐Fan , Zhou Xu‐Zhi , Hu Ze‐Jun , Zong Qiu‐Gang , Liu Jian‐Jun , Yue Chao , Wang Shan , Zhao Xing‐Xin , Yang Hui‐Gen , Li Bin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPoleward‐moving auroral arcs (PMAAs) with recurrence periods on the order of minutes have been established as a distinct form of auroral activities. Their origin and characteristics, especially those on the dayside, are less understood due to the paucity of observations. Here, we investigate a periodic PMAA event at the postdawn sector based on optical measurements from the high‐latitude Yellow River Station and magnetic measurements from multiple ground‐based stations. The optical observations demonstrate a long duration (∼2.5 hr) of the periodic auroral arcs at not only the well‐established red‐line but also the green‐ and the blue‐lines. This multi‐band feature, together with images at far‐ultraviolet wavelengths, demonstrates a wide energy range of precipitating electrons from hundreds of eV to several keV, with a characteristic energy of ∼2 keV. The auroral luminosity variations at different wavebands show a consistent periodicity within 1.67–3 mHz, which is also shown in the ground‐based magnetic pulsations. The auroral arc and magnetic field observations display signatures of field line resonance, which are likely driven by perturbations at the magnetopause boundary layer. These results complement our knowledge of the dayside periodic PMAAs and improve our understanding of their relationship with ultra‐low frequency waves.
Are Upwelling Systems an Underestimated Source of Long Chain Omega‐3 in the Ocean? The Case of the Southern Benguela Upwelling System
Authors: Puccinelli Eleonora , Fawcett Sarah E. , Flynn Raquel F. , Burger Jessica M. , Delebecq Gaspard , Duquesne Nolwenn , Lambert Christophe , Little Hazel , Pecquerie Laure , Sardenne Fany , Wallschuss Sina , Soudant Philippe 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Benguela upwelling system (BUS) is one of the world's most productive ecosystems, supporting globally relevant fisheries. The BUS marine community is modulated by the availability of nutrients and omega‐3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (hereafter, LC omega‐3). Phytoplankton growth in the BUS can be supported by upwelled nitrate, a new nitrogen (N) source to the surface, or by recycled N such as ammonium. Preferential assimilation of one N source over another may yield differences in LC omega‐3 production between high and low food‐quality species. To evaluate how upwelling and the N source(s) consumed by phytoplankton influence LC omega‐3 production, we sampled a BUS anchor station daily for 10 days. Upwelling on days 5–7 supplied high concentrations of nutrients to the surface, while pre‐ and post‐upwelling, surface waters were stratified and nutrient concentrations were low. LC omega‐3 and phytoplankton concentrations were near‐zero during upwelling, and elevated pre‐ and post‐upwelling. Throughout our sampling, nanoplankton (2.7–10 µm) dominated primary production (30–95%), relying mainly on nitrate to support their growth. Surface LC omega‐3 concentrations reached peaks of 215 and 175 µg L−1 pre‐ and post‐upwelling, up to 10 times higher than previous measurements from the BUS (<5 µg L−1). Pre‐upwelling, non‐diatom trophic markers (18:1n − 9, 18:4n − 3, 18:5n − 3) were dominant, with a switch over just two days to diatom trophic markers post‐upwelling (16:1n − 7, 16:2n − 4, 16:2n − 7, 16:3n − 4, 16:4n − 1). This study reveals the key role of upwelling in promoting phytoplankton LC omega‐3 production, which is tightly coupled to the supply of new nitrate. Additionally, the high observed LC omega‐3 concentrations suggest that global LC omega‐3 production is underestimated.
PHF23 promotes NSCLC proliferation, metastasis, and chemoresistance via stabilization of ACTN4 and activation of the ERK pathway
Authors: Cheng Ming , Cao Hongyi , Yao Peifeng , Guan Jingqian , Wu Peihong , Ji Hairu , Jiang Siyu , Yuan Yinan , Fu Lin , Zheng Qianqian , Li Qingchang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAt present, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. Chemotherapy remains the standard treatment for NSCLC. However, the emergence of chemoresistance is one of the major obstacles to lung cancer treatment. Plant homologous structural domain finger protein 23 (PHF23) plays crucial roles in multiple cell fates. However, the clinical significance and biological role of PHF23 in NSCLC remain elusive. The Cancer Genome Atlas data mining, NCBI/GEO data mining, and western blotting analysis were employed to characterize the expression of PHF23 in NSCLC cell lines and tissues. Statistical analysis of immunohistochemistry and the Kaplan–Meier Plotter database were used to investigate the clinical significance of PHF23. A series of in vivo and in vitro assays, including assays for colony formation, cell viability, 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine (EDU incorporation) and Transwell migration, flow cytometry, RT-PCR, gene set enrichment analysis, co-immunoprecipitation analysis, and a xenograft tumor model, were performed to demonstrate the effects of PHF23 on the chemosensitivity of NSCLC cells and to clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms. PHF23 is overexpressed in NSCLC cell lines and tissues. High PHF23 levels correlate with short survival times and a poor response to chemotherapy in NSCLC patients. PHF23 overexpression facilitates cell proliferation, migration and sensitizes NSCLC cells to Cisplatin and Docetaxel by promoting DNA damage repair. Alpha-actinin-4 (ACTN4), as a downstream regulator, interacts with PHD domain of PHF23. Moreover, PHF23 is involved in ACTN4 stabilization by inhibiting its ubiquitination level. These results show that PHF23 plays an important role in the development and progression of NSCLC and suggest that PHF23 may serve as a therapeutic target in NSCLC patients.
Identifying and preventing degradation in flavin mononucleotide-based redox flow batteries via NMR and EPR spectroscopy
Authors: Hey Dominic , Jethwa Rajesh B. , Farag Nadia L. , Rinkel Bernardine L. D. , Zhao Evan Wenbo , Grey Clare P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWhile aqueous organic redox flow batteries (RFBs) represent potential solutions to large-scale grid storage, their electrolytes suffer from short lifetimes due to rapid degradation. We show how an understanding of these degradation processes can be used to dramatically improve performance, as illustrated here via a detailed study of the redox-active biomolecule, flavin mononucleotide (FMN), a molecule readily derived from vitamin B2. Via in-situ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) we identify FMN hydrolysis products and show that these give rise to the additional plateau seen during charging of an FMN-cyanoferrate battery. The redox reactions of the hydrolysis product are not reversible, but we demonstrate that capacity is still retained even after substantial hydrolysis, albeit with reduced voltaic efficiency, FMN acting as a redox mediator. Critically, we demonstrate that degradation is mitigated and battery efficiency is substantially improved by lowering the pH to 11. Furthermore, the addition of cheap electrolyte salts to tune the pH results in a dramatic increase in solubility (above 1 M), this systematic improvement of the flavin-based system bringing RFBs one step closer to commercial viability.