bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association of handgrip strength with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database prospective cohort study with propensity score matching
Authors: Xiong Lijiao , Zeng Zhaohao , Wang Shuojia , Liao Tingfeng , Wang Xiaohao , Wang Xinyu , Yang Guangyan , Li Yanchun , Li Lixing , Zhu Jing , Zhao Pengfei , Yang Shu , Kang Lin , Liang Zhen 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between handgrip strength (HGS) with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in US adults.MethodWe analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) prospective cohort study (2011–2014) with 10,470 participants. The cox regression analysis, Kaplan–Meier survival curves, fitted curves, ROC curves, and propensity score-matched analysis (PSM) with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW), SMRW (PSM with repeated weights), PA (pairwise algorithm), and OW (overlap weighting) regression analysis were performed to assess the relationship between HGS and all-cause and CVD mortality.ResultsThe low HGSs (men &lt;37.4 kg, women &lt;24 kg), was found to be associated with higher all-cause and CVD mortality in a reverse J-shaped curve (p &lt; 0.05). Adjusting for multiple covariates including age, BMI, race, education level, marriage status, smoking and alcohol use, and various comorbidities, the hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality in the lowest HGS quintile 1 (Q1) was 3.45 (2.14–5.58) for men and 3.3 (1.88–5.79) for women. For CVD mortality, the HR was 2.99 (1.07–8.37) for men and 10.35 (2.29–46.78) for women. The area under the curve (AUC) for HGS alone as a predictor of all-cause mortality was 0.791 (0.768–0.814) for men and 0.780 (0.752–0.807) for women (p &lt; 0.05), while the AUC for HGS and age was 0.851 (0.830–0.871) for men and 0.848 (0.826–0.869) for women (p &lt; 0.05). For CVD mortality, the AUC for HGS alone was 0.785 (95% CI 0.738–0.833) for men and 0.821 (95% CI 0.777–0.865) for women (p &lt; 0.05), while the AUC for HGS and age as predictors of all-cause mortality was 0.853 (0.861–0.891) for men and 0.859 (0.821–0.896) for women (p &lt; 0.05). The HGS Q1 (men &lt;37.4 kg and women &lt;24 kg) was matched separately for PSM. After univariate, multivariate Cox regression models, PSM, IPTW, SMRW, PA, and OW analyses, women had 2.37–3.12 and 2.92–5.12 HRs with low HGS for all-cause and CVD mortality, while men had 2.21–2.82 and 2.33–2.85 for all-cause and CVD mortality, respectively (p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionAdults with low HGS exhibited a significantly increased risk of both all-cause and CVD mortality, regardless of gender. Additionally, low HGS served as an independent risk factor and predictor for both all-cause and CVD mortality.
Establishing a machine learning model for predicting nutritional risk through facial feature recognition
Authors: Wang Jingmin , He Chengyuan , Long Zhiwen 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundMalnutrition affects many worldwide, necessitating accurate and timely nutritional risk assessment. This study aims to develop and validate a machine learning model using facial feature recognition for predicting nutritional risk. This innovative approach seeks to offer a non-invasive, efficient method for early identification and intervention, ultimately improving health outcomes.MethodsWe gathered medical examination data and facial images from 949 patients across multiple hospitals to predict nutritional status. In this multicenter investigation, facial images underwent preprocessing via face alignment and cropping. Orbital fat pads were isolated using the U-net model, with the histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) method employed for feature extraction. Standardized HOG features were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) for dimensionality reduction. A support vector machine (SVM) classification model was utilized for NRS-2002 detection. Our approach established a non-linear mapping between facial features and NRS-2002 nutritional risk scores, providing an innovative method for evaluating patient nutritional status.ResultsIn context of orbital fat pad area segmentation with U-net model, the averaged dice coefficient is 88.3%. Our experimental results show that the proposed method to predict NRS-2002 scores achieves an accuracy of 73.1%. We also grouped the samples by gender, age, and the location of the hospital where the data were collected to evaluate the classification accuracy in different subsets. The classification accuracy rate for the elderly group was 85%, while the non-elderly group exhibited a classification accuracy rate of 71.1%; Furthermore, the classification accuracy rate for males and females were 69.2 and 78.6%, respectively. Hospitals located in remote areas, such as Tibet and Yunnan, yielded a classification accuracy rate of 76.5% for collected patient samples, whereas hospitals in non-remote areas achieved a classification accuracy rate of 71.1%.ConclusionThe attained accuracy rate of 73.1% holds significant implications for the feasibility of the method. While not impeccable, this level of accuracy highlights the potential for further improvements. The development of this algorithm has the potential to revolutionize nutritional risk assessment by providing healthcare professionals and individuals with a non-invasive, cost-effective, and easily accessible tool.
Association between dietary potassium intake and severe headache or migraine in US adults: a population-based analysis
Authors: Xu Lisi , Zhang Cong , Liu Yan , Shang Xiuli , Huang Daifa 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundMigraine is a prevalent neurovascular headache disorder. The link between dietary potassium and blood pressure has been established. We sought to delineate the relationship between dietary potassium intake and the prevalence of migraines.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 1999–2004, comprising 10,254 participants aged ≥20 years. Participants who reported severe headaches or migraine in the self-report questionnaire were identified as migraineurs. A 24-h dietary recall methodology was used to assess dietary potassium intake. Multivariate regression analysis and restricted cubic spline (RCS) modeling were utilized to elucidate the relationship between dietary potassium and migraines.ResultsAmong the 10,254 participants, 20.1% were identified with migraine or severe headaches. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for migraine occurrence in the Q2 dietary potassium intake (1771–2,476 mg/d) was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.73–0.97, p = 0.021) compared to the lowest quartile (Q1, ≤ 1771 mg/d). The relationship between dietary potassium and migraine exhibited an L-shaped pattern (non-linear, p = 0.016) with an inflection at approximately 1439.3 mg/d. In the subgroup analysis, when compared to Q1, who had the lowest dietary potassium intake, the adjusted OR for Q2 in females, those in the medium-high household income group, and with a Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 were as follows: (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.69–0.98), (OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.66–0.95), and (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.66–0.93), respectively. No significant interaction was observed across groups after adjusting for all possible covariates.ConclusionThe relationship between dietary potassium intake and migraine prevalence among US adults appears to follow an L-shaped curve.
Development of a nomogram based on radiomics and semantic features for predicting chromosome 7 gain/chromosome 10 loss in IDH wild-type histologically low-grade gliomas
Authors: Kong Xin , Mao Yu , Xi Fengjun , Li Yan , Luo Yuqi , Ma Jun 
Published: September 2023

PurposeTo predict chromosome 7 gain and chromosome 10 loss (+7/-10) in IDH wild-type (IDH-wt) histologically low-grade gliomas (LGG) by machine learning models based on MRI radiomics and semantic features.MethodsA total of 122 patients diagnosed as IDH-wt histologically LGG were retrospectively included in this study. The patients were randomly divided into a training group and a test group in a ratio of 7:3. The radiomics features were extracted from axial T1WI, T2WI, FLAIR and CET1 sequences, respectively. The distance correlation (DC) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were used to select the radiomics signatures. Three machine learning algorithms including neural network (NN), support vector machine (SVM), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were used to construct radiomics models. In addition, a nomogram was developed by combining the optimal radiomics signature with clinical risk factors, and the potential clinical utility of the nomogram was evaluated using decision curve analysis.ResultsThe LDA+DC model was identified as the optimal classifier among the six radiomics models. Necrosis was determined as a risk factor for +7/-10 in IDH-wt histologically LGG. The nomogram achieved the best performance, with an AUC of 0.854 and an accuracy of 0.778 in the independent test group. The decision curve of the nomogram confirmed its clinical usefulness in a wide range of thresholds.ConclusionThe nomogram combining radiomics and semantic features can predict the +7/-10 status effectively, which may contribute to the risk stratification and individualized treatment planning of patients with IDH-wt histologically LGG.
Low radiotherapy dose is suitable for brain metastases in SCLC compared with high dose
Authors: Xu Liming , Zhang Kunning , Han Haonan , Sun Han , Yuan Yajing , Wang Jun , Zhao Lujun , Wang Ping 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveThis study was designed to evaluate the suitable radiotherapy dose in SCLC patients with BM.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed among 121 patients on the prognosis of BM of SCLC who were admitted to our hospital from 2013 to 2023. They all received first line chemotherapy. 80 patients of them received TRT after chemotherapy. The Chi square method was used to compare the categorical data. Univariate survival analysis was estimated by Kaplan Meier method and the logrank was used to compare survival curves between groups. A multivariate prognostic analysis was made by the Cox proportional hazard model. The iOS and iLC of two groups of low dose and high dose were analyzed after propensity score matching (PSM).ResultsIn all the patients, the median follow-up time was 18.6 months (range 6.30~85.7), the 2-year iOS and iLC rates were 15.4% and 70.3%, respectively, and cerebral necrosis occurred in 2 patients. In univariate analysis related to iOS, extracranial disease control (p=0.023), higher DS-GPA (≥2) (p=0.016), immunotherapy (p=0.049), low-dose(p=0.030), and WBRT+SIB (p=0.009) were significantly associated with an increase in survival rate. After PSM, the 2-year iOS of low dose (n=49) was significantly higher than that of high dose (n=49) (P=0.025), while the 2-year iLC was not significantly improved (P=0.267). In DS-GPA &lt; 2 subgroup, the iOS of low dose group was significantly higher than that of high dose group (p=0.019). In the DS-GPA ≥ 2 subgroup, the 2-year iLC of the low dose group was significantly inferior than that of the high dose group (p=0.044).ConclusionsThe iLC was improved along with increasing radiotherapy dose, but high dose had inferior iOS compared to low dose, while there were not significantly improving iLC when radiotherapy BED &gt;56Gy. But in patients with DS-GPA≥2 subgroup, high dose brought better iLC benefits.
Circulating ghrelin levels in patients with gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Yuxuan , Zhang Caishun , Yu Jiaqing , Zhang Qing , Wang Yukai , Xia Yunqiu , Dong Jing 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundGhrelin plays a critical role in regulating energy metabolism and homeostasis. The association between circulating ghrelin levels and gastric cancer has not been systematically analyzed.ObjectiveThis work explored the association between circulating ghrelin levels and gastric cancer.MethodsThe literature search for relevant articles published until November 2022 was performed using PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science with the keywords “ghrelin” and “gastric cancer”. Standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals were used to measure the effectiveness. We assessed pooled data by use of a random-effects model.ResultsOf 5,302 identified studies, nine were included (N=3,196 participants). Circulating ghrelin levels were lower in gastric cancer patients (SMD=-0.255, 95%CI: -0.528 to 0.017, P &lt; 0.00001), but with high heterogeneity (I2 = 88.8%).ConclusionThe circulating ghrelin levels in patients with gastric cancer were lower than in controls. However, there was heterogeneity among results; therefore, studies with larger sample sizes are recommended.
Incidence and types of congenital heart disease at a referral hospital in Jordan: retrospective study from a tertiary center
Authors: Hasan Abeer A. , Abu Lehyah Naser Aldain A. , Al Tarawneh Moath K. , Abbad Mahmoud Y. , Fraijat Areen G. , Al-Jammal Razan A. , Moamar Dania M. , Shersheer Qasem A. , Guthrie Scott O. , Starnes Joseph R. 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundCongenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect and accounts for significant global morbidity and mortality. Relatively little is known about the epidemiology of CHD in Jordan or the manner in which CHD is identified.MethodsA retrospective medical record review was conducted for all neonates who had an abnormal echocardiogram performed at a tertiary referral hospital. All included neonates had echocardiography performed by the same pediatric cardiologist at the discretion of the treatment team. Descriptive statistics were used to describe CHD incidence, types of CHD identified, and mechanism of identification.ResultsThe incidence of congenital heart disease was 17.8 per 1,000 live births. This rose to 24.6 per 1,000 if patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants was included. The most common identified abnormalities were PDA, atrial septal defects, persistent pulmonary hypertension, septal hypertrophy, and ventricular septal defects. Most children were evaluated either for a murmur heard on exam or as a part of screening due to other comorbidities or risk factors. Less than 1% of children had a prenatal diagnosis. There was a higher rate of persistent pulmonary hypertension during the COVID-19 pandemic than before (p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsThere is a high incidence of CHD in Jordan. Increased prenatal and perinatal screening for CHD may allow for earlier detection.
Changes in echo intensity of the gastrocnemius muscle with passive ankle dorsiflexion: can echo intensity be used to assess muscle elongation?
Authors: Nakao Sayaka , Ikezoe Tome , Yagi Masahide , Umehara Jun , Nojiri Shusuke , Ichihashi Noriaki 
Published: September 2023

Introduction: While shear modulus has been used as an index of muscle elongation, high costs prevent its general adoption. A more general indicator that can quantify muscle elongation non-invasively is needed to develop effective methods for stretching each muscle. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the echo intensity of the muscle changes with muscle elongation compared with the shear modulus.Methods: Sixteen healthy males (24.1 ± 2.8 years) participated in the study. Shear modulus and echo intensity of the medial gastrocnemius were assessed at 20° and 10° of ankle plantar-flexion, and 0°, 10°, and 20° of ankle dorsiflexion (presented as −20°, −10°, and 0°, +10°, +20°, respectively). Shear modulus was measured using ultrasound shear wave elastography. The echo intensity was quantified using the average grayscale value of a given region of interest (RoI) in longitudinal and transverse B-mode images. Grayscale analysis was performed using two RoIs: one which included as much of the muscle as possible (maximum RoI), and a rectangular one whose size and depth was identical for all images (rectangular RoI). Pearson’s correlation coefficients between either the shear modulus or echo intensity and the ankle angle and between the echo intensity and shear modulus were calculated separately for each participant.Results: Average Pearson’s correlation coefficient between shear modulus and ankle angle of the participants was 0.904. The average Pearson’s correlation coefficients between the echo intensity and ankle angle were estimated to be 0.797 and 0.222 for the maximum RoI and 0.698 and 0.323 for the rectangular RoI in the longitudinal and transverse images, respectively. The average Pearson’s correlation coefficients between the echo intensity and shear modulus were 0.684 and 0.514 for the maximum RoI, and 0.611 and 0.409 for rectangular RoI in the longitudinal and transverse images, respectively.Discussion: The results indicate that the echo intensity in the longitudinal image of the gastrocnemius, especially when assessed using the maximum RoI, increased with muscle elongation by passive ankle dorsiflexion. Therefore, assessment of the echo intensity using the maximum RoI in the longitudinal image might be useful for quantifying the muscle elongation.
Effects of artificial canopy shading on vegetative growth and ripening processes of cv. Nero d’Avola (Vitis vinifera L.)
Authors: Miccichè Daniele , de Rosas Maria Inès , Ferro Massimo Vincenzo , Di Lorenzo Rosario , Puccio Stefano , Pisciotta Antonino 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionThe biology of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is clearly influenced by the climatic conditions of the growing environment, where temperature and light play a major role in modifying plant physiology. In the scenario of climatic changes, radiative excess, correlated to the increase in temperature, can concretely subject the photosynthetic apparatus to a condition of light saturation and cause a drastic reduction in photochemical efficiency, giving rise to chronic photoinhibition phenomena. Undoubtedly, the ripening behavior also undergo evident alterations; the problem of sugar ripening, which is often strongly accelerated, is induced not only by high temperatures but also by the excess concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2), which results in a higher ripening. In addition, high berry temperatures favor a reduction in the concentration of organic acids. The reported trends indicate that the need for urgent action is closely linked to the future environmental impacts that these changes could have on the entire wine sector. In recent years, shade treatments have been applied to the vine canopy to overcome this issue.MethodsThe objective of this study was to determine how artificial canopy shading affects the vines vegetative growth and the ripening processes of Vitis vinifera cv. Nero d’Avola during the 2019-2020 vegetative seasons. Three treatments were established: shading treatment with a green net (shade factor 27%), shading treatment with a white net (shade factor 32%), and untreated vines, thus naturally exposed to light radiation.Results and discussionArtificial shading, applied at full fruit set, interfered with the microclimate of the vines, causing partial effects on the grape ripening processes. At harvest, significant differences were found between the treatments in terms of sugars, also shading treatments increased must acidity and decrease pH. Results obtained on vegetative parameters, suggest that the shading treatment delays leaf fall, with potentially positive effects on the starch accumulation on perennial reserve organs to be exploited at the following season’s sprouting. Shading significantly reduced berry size, with obvious consequences on bunch weight and yield per vine. In 2020, shaded plants showed a delay in all the phenological phases. The total anthocyanins content was not changed by the shading treatment. The results obtained confirm the importance of net coverage on the microclimate of the vines, vegetative-productive activity, and grapes quality. From this point of view, the net covering technique can be a tool for controlling grapes ripening dynamics in the context of climate change.
Phosphorus partitioning contribute to phosphorus use efficiency during grain filling in Zea mays
Authors: Sun Yan , Han Yang , Xu Zikai , Zhang Jinting , Shen Jianbo , Cheng Lingyun 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionLower phosphorus (P) availability limits crop productivity in agroecosystems. The remobilization of P from the source to the sink organs plays an important role in enhancing the P-utilization efficiency of crops. During the grain filling stage, phosphorus flow to the developing grains, the primary sink, determines crop yield. However, the specific contributions of different organs to grain P throughout the post-silking period in maize remain unclear.MethodsIn our study, three maize inbred lines (CIMBL89, Ji846, and CML118) with contrasting P statuses were selected and grown in a field with high P (HP, 150 kg ha–1 P2O5) and low P (LP, 0 kg ha–1 P2O5) conditions.ResultsThe grain yield of CIMBL89 was 69% and 169% greater under HP supply, and 83% and 309% greater than those of Ji846 and CML118 under LP supply, respectively. The ear length, ear diameter, and kernel row number of CML118 were lower than those of CIMBL89 and Ji846 under HP conditions. Most of the P (87%) in the grains of CIMBL89 came from P uptake at the LP supply, while almost all P (95%) came from P remobilization in various organs at the HP supply after silking. In contrast, 91% of the P found in the grain of CML118 came from P remobilization under LP supply, while 76% came from P uptake under HP supply after silking.DiscussionIn conclusion, our findings suggest that CIMBL89, with greater P acquisition efficiency, contributes to grain formation and production during the post-silking period under LP conditions. Additionally, CIMBL89 can fully remobilize P and avoid the extravagant absorption of P in P-sufficient soil, which sets it apart from Ji846 and CML118.