bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geometric description of a gliding grey-headed albatross (Thalassarche chrysostoma) for computer-aided design
Authors: Schoombie J , Craig K J , Smith L 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Albatrosses are increasingly drawing attention from the scientific community due to their remarkable flight capabilities. Recent studies suggest that grey-headed albatrosses (GHA) may be the fastest and most energy-efficient of the albatross species, yet no attempts have been made to replicate their wing design. A key factor in aircraft design is the airfoil, which remains uncharacterized for the GHA. Other critical aspects, such as wing twist and dihedral/anhedral, also remain unquantified for any albatross species. This study aimed to fill this gap in the current knowledge by extracting detailed morphological data from a GHA wing to recreate digitally. A well-preserved dried GHA wing was scanned in the presence of airflow in a wind tunnel, at conditions that represent a GHA in gliding flight. Wing cross-sections were extracted and smoothed to produce a series of airfoils along the wing span. The 3D properties such as wing dihedral/anhedral, sweep and twist were also extracted and used to build a CAD model of the wing. Variations in airfoil shape were observed along the wing span, with thicker, more cambered airfoils near the wing base. The model wing’s camber was slightly higher, particularly in the arm section, but overall matched flight photographs. The body, tail, and bill were modelled based on available photographs and known dimensions from literature and merged with the wing to form the final bill-body-wing-tail model. This model is based on real GHA morphology under aerodynamic pressure, in gliding flight. Although geometric changes due to scanner interference remain a limitation of this method, the extracted geometric data still provide valuable insights into wing performance under varying conditions. The geometry can also be fully parameterized for complex simulations, aiding studies of GHA aerodynamics and engineering design, such as in aircraft or wind turbines at similar Reynolds numbers.
3D printed skin dressings manufactured with spongin-like collagen from marine sponges: physicochemical properties and in vitro biological analysis
Authors: de Souza Amanda , Amaral Gustavo Oliva , do Espirito Santo Giovanna , dos Santos Jorge Sousa Karolyne , Martignago Cintia Cristina Santi , Souza e Silva Lais Caroline , de Lima Lindiane Eloisa , Vitor de Souza Daniel , Cruz Matheus Almeida , Ribeiro Daniel Araki , Granito Renata Neves , Renno Ana Claudia Muniz 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The search for innovative materials for manufacturing skin dressings is constant and high demand. In this context, the present study investigated the effects of a 3D printed skin dressing made of spongin-like collagen (SC) extract from marine sponge (Chondrilla caribensis), used in 3 concentrations of SC and alginate (C1, C2, C3). For this proposal, the physicochemical, morphological and in vitro biological results were investigated. The results demonstrated that, after immersion, C2 presented a higher mass loss and C3 present a higher pH in experimental periods. Also, a higher porosity was observed for C1 and C2 skin dressings, with a higher swelling ratio for C2. For Fourier transform infrared, peaks of Amide A, –CH2, –COOH and C–O–C were seen. Moreover, the macroscopic image demonstrated a skin dressing with rough surface and grayish color that is naturally observed in Chondrilla caribensis. For scanning electron microscopy analysis the presence of pores could be observed for all skin dressings, with fibers disposed in layers. The in vitro analyses demonstrated the viability of HFF-1 and L929 cell lines 70% of the values found for cell proliferation compared to Control Group. Furthermore, the cell adhesion analysis demonstrated that both cell lines adhered to the 3 different skin dressings and non-cytotoxicity was observed. Taking together, all the results suggest that the skin dressings are biocompatible and present non-cytotoxicity in the in vitro studies, being considered a suitable material for tissue engineering proposals.
Unraveling the response of the apparent temperature sensitivity of ecosystem respiration to rising temperature
Authors: Liu Zhentao , Liu Junguo , Chen Deliang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Global warming is expected to intensify carbon loss, as ecosystem respiration (RECO) rates increase exponentially with rising temperatures. However, a comprehensive analysis of the response of the apparent temperature sensitivity of RECO (

Q

10

) to rising temperature is lacking. This study leverages observational data from 254 sites from the FLUXNET2015 and AmeriFlux datasets to address this knowledge gap. We found a strong influence of non-temperature factors on the seasonality of RECO. The similar seasonality of this effect and temperature can lead to underestimating or overestimating

Q

10

. In this study,

Q

10

was quantified using a temporal moving window and a linear-mixed effect model to account for the effects of non-temperature factors on RECO. Our results show that

Q

10

decreases from 1.55 ± 0.24 (mean ± one standard error) at 5 °C to 1.35 ± 0.18 at 25 °C over all sites. The mean slope of

Q

10

to temperature across all sites is about −0.02 °C−1. In this study, we found lower values of Q
10 and a lower decreasing rate of Q
10 with rising temperature compared to previous studies. Our study suggests that

Q

10

might be systematically overestimated due to the confounding effect of non-temperature factors, potentially leading to overestimated simulation of RECO rate. Our study also emphasizes the necessity of developing a process-based model, rather than simply incorporating the influences of non-temperature factors into

Q

10

.
Elucidating diverse population exposure to compound drought and heatwave events from two meteorological drought indices (SPI and SPEI)
Authors: Wang Tianyue , She Dunxian , Bao Zhengfeng , Zhang Qin , Wang Lvlv , Wei Yiheng , Niu Qing 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Anthropogenic climate change has significantly exacerbated the frequency and severity of Compound Drought and Heatwave (CDHW) events, increasing risks such as water shortages, wildfires, and heat-related mortality. Previous studies often use a single drought index, such as the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) or the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), while our study uses both SPI and SPEI to elucidate the effect of different drought indices on the quantification of population exposure to CDHW events. Six General Circulation Models under four future Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, SSP5-8.5) are considered. Exposure is defined as the product of CDHW Magnitude (°C) and the population in each region (million people), providing a quantitative measure of how CDHW events affect populations. The role of potential evapotranspiration (PET) in CDHW population exposure projections is examined by comparing SPI, which considers only precipitation, with SPEI, which accounts for both precipitation and PET in drought measurements. Results show that after 2050, CDHW Magnitude population exposure diverges significantly across scenarios, with SSP3-7.0 exhibiting the largest increase, reaching 0.72 (SPI) and 1.78 (SPEI) million person-°C by the end of the century. Regions such as Western Africa (WAF), Southeastern Africa, and South Asia (SAS) experience the largest increases in population exposure under SSP3-7.0 with SPEI, reaching 6.93, 6.77, and 5.56 million person-°C, respectively. Additionally, regions like Western & Central Europe, the Mediterranean, WAF, Western Central Africa, Eastern Asia, and SAS display heightened sensitivity to PET, with discrepancies between SPEI and SPI projections exceeding 1 million person-°C. Attribution analysis reveals that climate change, particularly when drought is calculated using PET by SPEI, is the primary factor, followed by interaction change and population change. These findings emphasize the critical role of PET in CDHW projections and the need for region-specific adaptation strategies to manage escalating risks in highly vulnerable areas.
Magnetic polydimethylsiloxane microspheres as hydrophobic collectors for oil removal
Authors: Cabal-Velarde J G , Lobo Guerrero A , Araujo E , Romero-Tela E , Sánchez-Llamazares J L , Encinas A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Oil spills represent a significant environmental challenge, requiring materials that are efficient, cost-effective, and reusable for oil–water separation. This study presents a scalable method for fabricating magnetic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microspheres using commercially available oil-based ferrofluid. The choice of ferrofluid simplifies synthesis by providing pre-dispersed superparamagnetic nanoparticles, ensuring compatibility with PDMS. The ferrofluid-PDMS mixture was emulsified in warm water containing a surfactant, stabilizing the microparticles during polymerization. The resulting microspheres were characterized by optical microscopy, and magnetic hysteresis measurements confirm that the microspheres are superparamagnetic. X-ray diffraction confirmed the ferrofluid had magnetite nanoparticles. Oil absorption tests revealed that the microspheres achieved an absorption capacity of up to 580% of their weight. Moreover, the microspheres retained nearly 90% of their original absorption capacity after 10 reuse cycles, demonstrating excellent durability and reusability. This approach combines simplicity, scalability, and cost-efficiency while achieving high performance in oil absorption and magnetic separability. By exploiting the compatibility of ferrofluid and PDMS, the study provides a practical and effective solution for environmental remediation. These microspheres offer an attractive alternative to traditional methods, addressing the need for advanced materials that combine high efficiency with low operational costs and reusability.
Predictions of gyrokinetic turbulent transport in proton-boron plasmas on EHL-2 spherical torus
Authors: TAN 谭 Muzhi 沐芝 , XU 许 Jianqiang 健强 , DU 杜 Huarong 华荣 , DONG 董 Jiaqi 家齐 , XIE 谢 Huasheng 华生 , WANG 王 Xueyun 雪韵 , HUANG 黄 Xianli 贤礼 , WANG 王 Yumin 嵎民 , GU 顾 Xiang 翔 , LIU 刘 Bing 兵 , SHI 石 Yuejiang 跃江 , LIANG 梁 Yunfeng 云峰 , Team the EHL-2 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The EHL-2 spherical torus at ENN is the next-generation experimental platform under conceptual design, aiming at realizing proton-boron (p-11B) thermonuclear fusion, which is an attractive pathway towards neutron-free fusion. To achieve high-performance steady-state plasma, it is extremely necessary to study the turbulence transport characteristics with high boron content in the plasma core. This study investigates the transport properties in the core internal transport barrier (ITB) region of p-11B plasma utilizing the gyrokinetic code GENE in view of the high ion temperature scenario of EHL-2, specifically focusing on the impact of boron fractions and plasma β on the microinstabilities and corresponding transport features. Numerical findings indicate that the inclusion of boron species effectively suppresses the trapped electron modes (TEMs) as well as promoting a transition from electromagnetic to electrostatic turbulence with increased boron fraction, which is a result of the suppression of microinstabilities by effective charge and mass. Moreover, it has been identified that the external
E
×
B
rotational shear has a notable inhibitory influence on transport, which can reduce the transport level by two to three orders of magnitude, especially at medium boron content. The suppressive effect of
E
×
B
on turbulence is weakened once the kinetic ballooning mode (KBM) is excited and the transport shows a rapid increase with β together with a reduction in zonal flow amplitude, which is consistent with previous findings. Therefore, it is strongly suggested that exploring advanced strategies for mitigating turbulent transport at high β regimes is necessary for the active control of plasma behavior regarding p-11B plasma-based fusion devices such as EHL-2.
Monte Carlo simulation of interferometric measurement and wavefront shaping under influence of shot noise and camera noise
Authors: Lee Chunghyeong , Oh Jaeyeon , Ko Hakseok , Jang Mooseok 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Interferometry often serves as an essential building block of wavefront shaping systems to obtain optimal wavefront solutions. In this tutorial, we provide a Monte Carlo simulation tool to calculate the accuracy of interferometric measurements and its impact on wavefront shaping in the context of focusing through disordered media. In particular, we have focused on evaluating wavefront shaping fidelity under the influence of shot noise with practical considerations on the operation of digital image sensors, including readout noise, dark current noise, and digitization with finite bit-depth. Based on some exemplary simulation results, we provide practical guidance for setting up an interferometric measurement system for wavefront shaping applications.
Accelerated dynamic light sheet microscopy: unifying time-varying patterned illumination and low-rank and sparsity constrained reconstruction
Authors: Tobia Vitali Marco , Candeo Alessia , Farina Andrea , Pozzi Paolo , Brix Alessia , Bassi Andrea , Correia Teresa M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy (LSFM) enables rapid and gentle 3D fluorescence imaging of dynamic processes over extended periods in translucent samples at the mesoscopic scale. However, its temporal resolution is constrained by the sequential acquisition of individual two-dimensional planes at varying depths, making it challenging to capture rapid dynamics such as the beating of a zebrafish heart. To address this limitation, we recently developed spatially modulated Selective Volume Illumination Microscopy, which utilizes a compressed sensing approach to reconstruct the entire imaging volume from measurements where multiple planes are illuminated simultaneously using spatially modulated light. Building on this advancement, we now introduce a novel spatio-temporal patterned illumination strategy and volume reconstruction method that incorporates low-rank and sparsity constraints, effectively leveraging the temporal and spatial redundancy present in sequential volumetric acquisitions. This method was applied to the volumetric imaging of embryonic zebrafish hearts, achieving an improvement in imaging speed of 4-fold compared to standard LSFM and a 2-fold improvement compared to traditional compressed sensing approaches, while preserving reconstruction accuracy and enabling the visualization of fast dynamic events with a resolution of a few tens of milliseconds. Our approach represents a step forward in enhancing the temporal resolution of LSFM for studying fast biological dynamics.
Voltage profile enhancement of an AVR system using ant lion optimization algorithm
Authors: Kar Manoj Kumar , Sabat Jogeswara , Kanungo Sanjeet 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper addresses voltage regulation, which is a critical issue in power systems. The automatic voltage regulator (AVR) plays a crucial role in maintaining voltage regulation within permissible limits The AVR system’s dynamic behaviour is improved by applying the Proportional (KP) Integral (KI) Derivative (KD) (PID) controller. The primary challenges of using a PID controller in AVR include difficulties in tuning parameters to handle nonlinearities, load disturbances, and system dynamics, leading to potential instability, overshoot, or slow response. The controller parameters are tuned with Ant Lion Optimisation (ALO) algorithm and Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE) as an objective function. Also, the proposed system has the ability to improve the transient response of AVR by decreasing the maximum overshoot, settling time, rise time, and peak time magnitudes of the generator terminal voltage with eliminating the steady state error. Once the suggested method had produced the best values for the three gains i.e., KP, KI, and KD of the PID controller, a transient response analysis is examined and compared with some of the existing techniques such as Bat Algorithm (BA), Grey Wolf Optimisation (GWO) and Biogeography Based Optimisation (BBO) algorithm to highlight the novelty of the proposed ALO optimized PID controller. Transient response analysis, root locus analysis, and bode analysis are used to assess the AVR system’s stability. Comparisons to three well-known optimization techniques corroborate the findings. The results show that this new suggested method performs exceptionally well even when there are significant variations in power system parameters and load uncertainties.
Design and analysis of optical devices with ultra-high quality factor based on a plasmonic photonic hybrid structure
Authors: Gholinezhad Shafagh Sara , Kaatuzian Hassan , Danaie Mohammad 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the present paper, the design of a tunable, high transmitting, and optical ultra-narrow band-pass filter using a plasmonic-photonic hybrid structure comprised of a multilayer stack of dielectrics and a thin sheet of silver is proposed. This current design can create more energy coupling, thus having a higher transmission peak in comparison to prior studies. To obtain a filtering operation, two different topologies are designed to achieve better performance specifications. The materials used in the structure include silicon, silicon-dioxide, and silver. The Drude model is employed for the silver. It has been shown that the geometrical parameters are sensitive to choose such that transmission properties and resonance wavelengths are arbitrarily tunable. The structure’s design enables a single-mode as well as a multi-mode spectrum for each topology. We have achieved a maximum quality factor of 432.87 with an ultra-small full-width-at-half-maximum bandwidth of 1.43 nm, while the maximum transmission values are greater than 75%. Most of the various advantages include adjustability, high detection resolution, and integration at the nanoscale for optical applications owing to the basic merits of the hybrid structures of plasmonic and photonic crystals.
Thin profile UWB antenna with improved bandwidth for wearable applications
Authors: Sharma Mamta Devi , Yadav Ajay , Singhal Sarthak , Sharma Ritu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This work investigates a compact tapered Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) fed wearable antenna. The wide band antenna incorporates a modified patch inspired by a flower shape and a semi-elliptical ground plane to realize a wide bandwidth. The flower-shaped geometry is implemented to increase the electrical perimeter of the radiating element to improve impedance bandwidth. The antenna design is also elaborated by mathematical and analytical modeling. The antenna prototype is printed on a thin FR-4 (0.0026

λ

thick) substrate with an overall footprint of 0.21

λ

× 0.28

λ

(where

λ

is the lower operating wavelength of the proposed structure, i.e., f = 3.95 GHz). The measured results, like reflection coefficient, far-field plots, and gain, are compared with the simulated results. The measured bandwidth is 19.92 GHz with a gain of 3.9 dBi. An investigation is carried out underwater to analyze the performance of the antenna in wet conditions. Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is calculated to ensure the safety of human tissue with antenna proximity. The maximum SAR observed is 0.844 W kg−1, within the acceptable limit. Thus, the reported results validate the application of the proposed antenna for wearable devices and sensors.
Mathematical modeling for detecting variable gear tooth cracks in a wind turbine gearbox operating under a ramp-up wind speed
Authors: Kumar Rishi , Roy Sankar Kumar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Wind is natural and possesses renewable energy. This energy is an opportunity when fossil fuel is shrinking very fast and creating heavy ecological imbalance. Wind energy (WE) is an input to wind turbine (WT) system that produces electricity. Therefore, knowledge of wind is a prerequisite for the dynamic modelling of wind turbine drivetrain system (WTDS) in case of defective gear drives. Wind speed is not certain and its ramp-up component can be very detrimental in poor occasions. Input torque to drivetrain system is modelled based on ramp-up wind speed for the diagnosis under healthy and defective WTDS. Lumped parameter model simplifies the mathematical model of gearbox and the Lagrange’s formulation gives insights to derive the equation of motion of the system. Time varying mesh stiffness (TVMS) computed at mean speed is interpolated in MATLAB to get the same at ramp-up condition. The interpolated stiffness is incorporated in the mathematical formulation for both healthy and defective system. Numerical discretization of differential equation is done in MATLAB using Houbolt method to produce the dynamic responses of WTDS with gear defects under ramp-up speed. Here, time frequency (TF) domain analysis is explored to perform dynamic analysis. Hence, short time Fourier transforms (STFT) is applied to low pass filtered signal; wavelet packet transform is helpful in filtering process. The signal processing technique is proposed to investigate the defective WTDS under variable wind speed. This can be helpful in future investigations in WT under more real situations.
Multi-strategy hybrid dung beetle optimization algorithm for parameter identification in photovoltaic systems
Authors: Yu Zhentao , Cheng Jiatang , Zheng Xinpeng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The dung beetle optimization algorithm (DBO) is a novel meta-heuristic algorithm inspired by the behaviors of dung beetle populations, including rolling, dancing, foraging, breeding and stealing. As so far, the DBO algorithm has demonstrated success in addressing a wide range of complex engineering optimization problems. However, like many other meta-heuristic algorithms, it is also prone to certain limitations, such as slow convergence rates and the tendency to become trapped in local optima during the later stages of optimization. To overcome these limitations, this paper proposes a multi-strategy hybrid dung beetle optimization algorithm (MSDBO), which introduces the tangent flight strategy, golden sine search strategy, adaptive t-distribution sparrow perturbation strategy, and vertical crossover mutation strategy. To comprehensively evaluate the performance of MSDBO, simulations are conducted on 59 benchmark functions from CEC2014 and CEC2017. Experimental results demonstrate that MSDBO outperforms DBO, four advanced DBO variants, and several other popular algorithms in overall performance. Furthermore, MSDBO is employed for parameter identification in photovoltaic system models, further showcasing its effectiveness and reliability in real-world engineering applications.