bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Phonograms’ Genuine‐Character Status: What the Embedded Semantic Radicals’ Semantic Activation Live by
Authors: Jiang Meng , Tan Ya , Wang Xia , Hao Yuli 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn Chinese phonogram processing studies, it is widely accepted that both character and non‐character semantic radicals could be semantically activated. However, little attention was paid to the underlying workings that enabled the semantic radicals’ semantic activation.PurposeThe present study aimed to address the above issue by conducting two experiments.MethodsExperiment 1 was committed to confirming whether both character and non‐character semantic radicals could be semantically activated when embedded in genuine Chinese phonograms. Experiment 2 was devoted to exploring whether the same semantic radicals could also be semantically activated when incorporated in Chinese pseudo‐characters.ResultsResults demonstrated that both character and non‐character semantic radicals embedded in the genuine phonograms were semantically activated, but those placed in the pseudo‐characters underwent no semantic activation, suggesting that the semantic activation of semantic radicals was genuine‐character status‐dependent, irrespective of the semantic radicals’ characterhood.ConclusionIt seems that the genuine‐character status and the meaning of the host phonogram have strong sway on the semantic activation of semantic radicals.
Impact of Anatomical Research Projects for Medical Students: A Cross‐Sectional Survey of Academic and Professional Skills, Clinical Aspirations and Appreciation of Anatomy
Authors: Sinha Amil , Thirunavukarasu Arun James , Bonshahi Anosh , Brassett Cecilia 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn the third year of pre‐clinical medicine (known as Part II of the Natural Sciences Tripos at the University of Cambridge), students have the opportunity to lead a primary research project on clinically relevant anatomy, often involving donor dissection. This descriptive study used a cross‐sectional survey to explore the effects of undertaking an anatomical research project on students' attitudes, interests, and a variety of academic and professional skills. Of 45 students who were invited to participate in this study, 40 responded. Of these, 30 students (75%) had performed cadaveric dissection. Projects increased students' interests in academic careers (36% or 90% agreed/strongly agreed) and scientific inquiry, with 30 students (75%) undertaking subsequent research. Many students (30/40; 75%) strongly agreed their projects highlighted the importance of considering the scientific literature when providing patient care. Most (39/40; 97.5%) felt that there was scope for further anatomical research to appreciate and explore anatomical variation. Many students (32/40; 80%) strongly agreed that projects improved their self‐directed learning skills. Inductive thematic analysis of free‐text answers identified themes of improved academic, practical, and professional skills such as negotiation, responding to questions, presenting at conferences, and liaising with experts and non‐experts. These results suggest that anatomical primary research through this program effectively fosters academic aptitude and interest, as well as the practical and professional skills necessary to thrive in academia and clinical medicine. Aspirations for a surgical career were strengthened and valuable anatomical context was provided.
Using Energetic Information Quantities from Density Functional Theory to Simultaneously Identify Both Covalent and Noncovalent Interactions
Authors: He Xin , Liu Wenjian , Liu Shubin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCovalent bonding and noncovalent interactions are important chemical concepts and how to identify them has been of current interest in the literature. Within the framework of density functional theory (DFT), we recently proposed a few qualitative descriptors to categorize different types of interactions with Pauli energy and its derivatives. In this work, we expand the scope by including the quantities derived from energetic information, which were recently proposed and thoroughly investigated by us from the framework of information‐theoretic approach (ITA) in DFT. To that end, six energetic information quantities stemmed from the steric energy (Es), including Shannon entropy
, Fisher information
, information gain
, alternative Fisher information
, relative Fisher information
, and relative alternative Fisher information
are examined for the purpose. A strong linear correlation of Es or its topological analysis results with different covalent bond orders is established. We also unveil that signature isosurfaces of different categories of interactions from
and
can be employed to simultaneously identify single, double, triple, and quadruple covalent bonds, ionic and metallic bonds, and van der Waals interactions. This work provides another pathway for us to use density‐based quantities to simultaneously identify covalent and noncovalent interactions.
Detecting environmental trends to rethink soybean variety testing programs
Authors: Baptistella João Leonardo Corte , Knuckles Carl , Wieberg Mark , Costa‐Neto Germano , Wiebold William , Borja Reis André Froés de 
Published: January 2025

AbstractVariety testing programs (VTPs) use multi‐environment trials (MET) to evaluate and report the performance of commercially available and pre‐commercial soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) varieties targeting a specific set of environments. Adequate modeling of the environmental variability and genotype–environment interactions (G × E) within the VTP would help farmers and seed companies decide which variety to choose or recommend. We propose an approach to characterize environments using the soybean data from the University of Missouri VTP. We modeled an environmental trend (EnvT) based on the phenotypic mean performance and the observed phenotype in each environment. The environments were classified into four different EnvT environment types, and soil and climate data were used as predictors of the EnvT through eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model. Temperature on late vegetative and flowering, soil‐saturated hydraulic conductivity, and silt content were key drivers of EnvT. The approach identified overrepresented environments (62%) and increased the ratio between variety and G × E variance. A simulation case study verified that the random removal of overrepresented sites from the dataset quickly degraded G × E analysis, implying that increasing the number of underrepresented sites is recommended. Our results demonstrate that environmental characterization is essential for optimizing resource allocation within VTP, thereby supporting the end goal of aiding farmers to utilize the best varieties for their production environment.
Modification at ITO/NiOx Interface with MoS2 Enables Hole Transport for Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Dong Hongye , Fan Jiayi , Fang Haohui , Lin Hongrui , Gao Xiaowen , Wang Kewei , Wang Yi , Mu Cheng , Xu Dongsheng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractInverted perovskite solar cells (IPSCs) utilizing nickel oxide (NiOx) as hole transport material have made great progress, driven by improvements in materials and interface engineering. However, challenges remain due to the low intrinsic conductivity of NiOx and inefficient hole transport. In this study, we introduced MoS2 nanoparticles at the indium tin oxide (ITO) /NiOx interface to enhance the ITO surface and optimize the deposition of NiOx, resulting in increased conductivity linked to a ratio of Ni3+:Ni2+. This interface modification not only optimized energy level but also promoted hole transport and reduced defects. Consequently, IPSCs with MoS2 modified at ITO/NiOx interface achieved a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.42 %, compared to 20.25 % without modification. Additionally, unencapsulated IPSCs with this interface modification displayed improved stability under thermal, light, humidity and ambient conditions. This innovative strategy for ITO/NiOx interface modification efficiently promotes hole transportation and can be integrated with other interface engineering approaches, offering valuable insights for the development of highly efficient and stable IPSCs.
Hybrid Archimedes and Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm for Cluster Head Selection and Multipath Routing in Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Sheik Dawood M. , Sridevi S. , Akila P. G. , Ramesh Janjhyam Venkata Naga 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWireless sensor networks, or WSNs, are essential for energy monitoring, home automation, the medical industry, computing, and other fields. The two problems with wireless sensor network are the network lifetime and data transmission delay. The cluster head selection (CHS) is a difficult task. Therefore, a novel Hybrid Archimedes and Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm for Cluster Head Selection and Multipath Routing in Wireless Sensor Network (HYB‐AO‐AOA‐CHS‐WSN) is proposed in this paper. The proposed HYB‐AO‐AOA integrates Archimedes and Arithmetic optimization algorithm (AO‐AOA). The stimulation of sensor nodes initiates the CHS process. The stimulated sensor nodes are evaluated separately for delay, energy, node degree, intercluster distance, and intracluster distance for determining the cluster heads. Then, the multipath routing is handled by the HYB‐AO‐AOA technique. The proposed HYB‐AO‐AOA‐CHS‐WSN model is implemented in MATLAB. The metrics, like delay, number of alive nodes, throughput, and residual energy is examined. The proposed SRD‐DCGAN approach attains 25.72%, 21.32% and 19% higher throughput, 26.56%, 21.35% and 32.09% lower delay than the existing techniques.
Contaminant Suggesting Rotifer in Liquid‐Based Cytology of the Cervix
Authors: Eleutério Junior José , Eleutério Renata Mírian Nunes 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTRotifers are rare in cytology, particularly in liquid media. We describe a case of rotifer in liquid‐based cytology of a 30‐year‐old nulliparous woman without comorbidities who complained of vaginal discharge and sought a cervical cancer prevention service with no noteworthy findings on gynecological examination.
Comprehensive Qualitative Drug Screening in Emergency Toxicology Using an Automated LC–MSn System:Simultaneous Quantification of Relevant Drugs and Metabolites in Blood Plasma
Authors: Hemmer Selina , Ninnig Maximilian , Wagmann Lea , Manier Sascha K. , Meyer Markus R. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTRapid and comprehensive qualitative and quantitative analytical procedures are crucial in 24/7 emergency toxicology (ET) to support diagnosis and treatment of acute intoxications and to monitor their progression and efficacy of detoxification strategies. This study aimed to develop the simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of 62 drugs, as well as seven active metabolites in human blood plasma using an automated liquid chromatography (LC)‐linear ion trap mass spectrometry (MS) screening system. Sample preparation was conducted by liquid–liquid extraction, and plasma concentrations were determined using an electronically stored 5‐point calibration. Validation was performed according to international guidelines and recommendations for ET including selectivity, carry‐over, accuracy, precision, and matrix effects. Finally, applicability was evaluated using case samples and proficiency tests. The method demonstrated selectivity for all analytes, with no significant carry‐over or matrix effects. Accuracy and precision recommended for ET could be fulfilled for all tested analytes, except for 10 analytes. Patient plasma samples were analyzed and compared with results obtained by reference LC‐tandem MS or gas chromatography‐MS methods. Furthermore, the applicability of the method could be demonstrated. It provides a fast, robust, and reliable blood plasma screening for 69 analytes and an additional quantification of 59 analytes relevant in ET. The use of an electronically stored 5‐point calibration and a simplified “push and print solution” allows for straightforward assessment of blood plasma levels of the analytes.
Species‐habitat networks reveal conservation implications that other community analyses do not detect
Authors: Dong Zhaoke , Bladon Andrew J. , Jaworski Coline C. , Pywell Richard F. , Woodcock Ben A. , Meek William R. , Nuttall Peter , Dicks Lynn V. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractGrassland restoration is an important conservation intervention supporting declining insect pollinators in threatened calcareous grassland landscapes. While the success of restoration is often quantified using simple measures of diversity or similarity to target communities, these measures do not capture all fundamental aspects of community reconstruction. Here, we develop species–habitat networks that aim to define habitat‐level foraging dependencies of pollinators across restored grassland landscapes and compare their value to these more conventional measures of community restoration. We assessed this across Salisbury Plain (UK), which represents the largest area of chalk grassland in northwestern Europe, encompassing six distinct management types aimed at the restoration and maintenance of species‐rich calcareous grassland. Sites that were previously disturbed or reverting from arable agriculture were comparable with those of ancient grasslands in terms of pollinator abundance and species richness. However, intensively managed grasslands exhibited notably lower values across nearly all measured indicators, including flower and pollinator richness and abundance, than ancient grasslands, with unmanaged grasslands following closely behind. This underscores the need for caution with both long‐term neglect and highly intensive management. Applying our species–habitat network approach, we found that pollinator communities in grasslands recovering from past military disturbance showed stronger modular associations with those in ancient grasslands than areas recovering from intensive agriculture. This highlights the importance of habitat history in shaping restoration trajectories. We propose that species–habitat networks should be part of the standard analytical toolkit assessing the effectiveness of restoration at landscape scale, particularly for mobile species such as insects.
Relative effects of seed mix design, consumer pressure, and edge proximity on community structure in restored prairies
Authors: Pizza Riley B. , Turley Nash E. , Brudvig Lars A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA central goal of ecosystem restoration is to promote diverse, native‐dominated plant communities. However, restoration outcomes can be highly variable. One cause of this variation may be the decisions made during the seed mix design process, such as choosing the number of species to include (sown diversity) or the number of locations each species should be sourced from (source diversity, manipulated to affect genetic diversity). The effects that seed mixes have on plant communities may be further modified by other factors at the restoration site, including edge proximity and consumer pressure. Few studies have evaluated both these seed mix attributes together, and none have done so while accounting for realistic restoration site attributes. To address this research need, we conducted a prairie restoration experiment where two aspects of seed mix design (sown diversity and source diversity) and two restoration site factors (edge proximity and vertebrate granivore/herbivore consumer access) were manipulated across 12 replicate fields. We found that when seed mix design impacted plant community structure, these effects were dependent on consumer access or edge proximity and were more prominent after one versus five growing seasons. Low seed source diversity plots had more sown species than high source diversity ones, but only when consumers had access. Similarly, low species diversity plots had higher richness and cover of species included in both the low and high species diversity mixes, but this effect weakened over time. Additionally, plots with high species diversity were buffered from the typically detrimental effects of edges and consumers, although this did not always result in greater sown species abundance. Unexpectedly, plots with the most sown species were those sown with either low source diversity or low species diversity seed mixes, perhaps due to lower seeding rates of reliably establishing species. Our results illustrate how the influences of seed mix design on restored plant communities can be highly contingent on factors like edges, consumers, and time.
Poor communication impairs optimal care of patients with heart failure and erectile dysfunction
Authors: Leist Lea , Hausmann Lenka , Pohlink Carla 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimsHeart failure (HF) and erectile dysfunction (ED) share numerous risk factors and pathogenetic mechanisms, resulting in a high prevalence of ED among male patients with HF. This questionnaire‐based study aimed to better understand the patient's journey from a patient perspective and that of healthcare professionals (HCPs) regarding communication, education and treatment of ED as a recognized comorbid condition.MethodsTwo independent online surveys were conducted between November 2021 and January 2022 in Germany. Analysis of the first patient‐targeting survey comprised 927 male patients with HF. As part of this survey, 176 patients with HF and comorbid ED provided further information about their experiences and ED‐related communication with HCPs. The second online survey collected the perspectives of 78 physicians including general practitioners (GPs), cardiologists and internists throughout Germany.ResultsThe average age of participating male patients with HF was 55 years. Both patients and HCPs considered sexual life as an important aspect of patients' quality of life (QoL). Fifty‐six per cent of all patients with HF rated their sexual life as important, and 43% were unsatisfied with it. Patients' suffering due to ED was reported as moderate to severe by nearly all HCPs (92%) and patients themselves (82%). A communication gap and perceived imbalance in education were identified, with 27% of patients reporting consultations about ED, while 58% of HCPs claimed to proactively address the issue of ED during counselling. Thirty‐nine per cent of HCPs felt that their patients were uncomfortable talking about ED, but only 7% of patients reported discomfort. As a possible result, 69% of male HF patients with ED felt left alone, and 74% stated that they would like to talk to an HCP. Due to inadequate education together with patients not considering their HF doctor as a contact for ED management, as few as 20% of patients with ED receive prescription drugs for ED management. HCPs reported that 32% of their patients are non‐compliant with HF medication due to ED, highlighting the importance of sexual health for patients' QoL.ConclusionsThe results of our surveys suggest that most of the male HF patients may be receiving incomplete ED management also affecting HF treatment, most likely due to impaired communication with their HCPs with barriers from both sides. HCPs giving patients advice on this topic are urgently needed to improve patients' QoL, reduce patient suffering and avoid discontinuation of HF medications for fear of side effects.
The efficacy and safety of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in patients aged over 80 years with heart failure
Authors: Nakano Kenji , Kanenawa Kenji , Isotani Akihiro , Morinaga Takashi , Yamamoto Kaori , Miyawaki Norihisa , Ko Euihong , Nakamura Miho , Tanaka Yuichi , Ishizu Kenichi , Morofuji Toru , Hayashi Masaomi , Fukunaga Masato , Hyodo Makoto , Shirai Shinichi , Ando Kenji 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimsSodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (SGLT2i) have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing cardiovascular death and heart failure hospitalization (HFH). However, the efficacy and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors in elderly patients with poor general status, such as very low bodyweight or low nutritional status, who are not included in randomized controlled trials, has not yet been examined. In a real‐world setting, the introduction of SGLT2 inhibitors to such elderly patients is a very difficult decision to make. We therefore examined the efficacy and safety of these drugs in elderly heart failure patients in a real‐world setting.Methods and resultsIn Kokura Memorial Hospital, a retrospective study was conducted on 1559 patients over 80 years old hospitalized for HF between 2018 and 2023. Among them, 1326 were included in the non‐SGLT2i group and 233 in the SGLT2i group. A multivariate Cox regression model was used to compare the risk of primary composite outcome (all‐cause death and HFH) and secondary safety composite outcome (ischaemic stroke, urinary tract infection and dehydration) at 1 year post‐discharge between the two groups. The cumulative 1 year incidence of the composite outcome was significantly higher in the non‐SGLT2i group (47.3% vs. 31.6%, P < 0.01). SGLT2 inhibitors independently reduced the risk of all‐cause death [adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 0.58, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.39–0.87, P < 0.01] and HFH (adjusted HR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.52–0.91, P < 0.01), whereas the risk of safety composite events was not increased (adjusted HR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.49–1.29, P = 0.36). Subgroup analysis showed no significant interactions between age, diabetes, body mass index, left ventricular ejection fraction, clinical frailty scale, geriatric nutritional risk index and SGLT2 inhibitors consistently reduced composite outcomes across all strata. Similarly, SGLT2 inhibitors did not increase safety composite outcomes at any strata.ConclusionsSGLT2 inhibitors reduce the risk of all‐cause death and HFH without increasing adverse events, even in patients over 80 years old. It may be that SGLT2 inhibitors are effective and safe in patients who are basically hesitant to be introduced to SGLT2 inhibitors, such as those with high frailty, low nutritional status or very low bodyweight.
Innovative Organic Electrolytes for Enhanced Energy Density and Performance in Supercapacitors
Authors: Chaudhry Vivek , Singh Joginder , Ibrahim Ahmed A. , Ameen Sadia , Umar Ahmad , Akhtar M. S. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSupercapacitors, known for their high‐power energy storage capabilities, have garnered significant attention due to their rapid charge–discharge cycles and extended life span. To expand their application in fields such as electric vehicles, renewable energy systems, and portable electronic devices, the development of advanced electrolytes that can boost energy density, power density, and overall performance is crucial. This study introduces a novel electrolyte formulation comprising lithium chloride in ethylene glycol and Magnesium Acetate in methanol. These formulations are designed to address existing challenges and enhance supercapacitor efficiency. The study reports impressive specific capacitance values (Csp = 582, 360, and 224 F/g), specific energy (SE = 323, 200, and 124 Wh/kg), and specific power (SP = 11 628, 7200, and 1322 W/kg) for lithium chloride, magnesium acetate, and zinc chloride electrolytes, respectively. These findings open new avenues for developing optimal and sustainable energy storage solutions in an increasingly electrified world. Continued research in this domain is expected to unlock the full potential of supercapacitors, contributing to a cleaner and more energy‐efficient future.