bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemotherapy: A partnership with immunotherapy in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Mendes Ana Sofia , Romão Raquel , Febra Joana , Azevedo Sérgio Xavier , Fidalgo Paula , Araújo António 
Published: December 2022

AbstractChemotherapy (CT) and immunotherapy (IO) act synergically in the treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the molecular basis of such interaction is poorly understood. The aim of this review was to explore the mechanisms of CT to potentiate the immune system and, consequently, the action of IO. The most up‐to‐date knowledge concerning the interaction of CT and IO in NSCLC was reviewed and a bibliographic search was made in PubMed/Medline database, using the mentioned keywords, with preference given to recently published articles in English.In addition to the direct cytotoxic effect, CT affects the immune system leading indirectly to cell death. The immune response triggered by PD‐1 inhibition is enhanced by the cytotoxic immunogenic effects of CT. This potentiation phenomenon occurs due to an increase in effector cells relatively to regulatory cells, inhibition of myeloid derived suppressor cells, increased potential for cross‐presentation by dendritic cells after the death of tumor cells or blocking the STAT6 pathway to increase dendritic cell activity.In conclusion, the effects of CT on the immune system work in synergy with the actions of IO, transforming “cold” tumors into “hot” tumors, which are more visible to the immune system.
Serum miR‐146a level is a potential biomarker in predicting the outcome of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Huang Xin , Gui Ailing , Zhou Yi , Xia Zuguang , Liu Wen , Zuo Ji , Yang Ling , Zhang Qunling 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundDiffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma with heterogenicity in clinical manifestation and prognosis. Some microRNAs can influence the development of tumors and may be related to the response of therapy or prognosis. This study aims to explore the role of serum miR‐146a in predicting the prognosis of DLBCL.MethodsA total of 72 de novo DLBCL patients received 6 cycles of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) or rituximab combined CHOP (R‐CHOP) regimen, and their serum samples were collected before treatment and after 4 cycles of chemotherapy.ResultsThe results show that a high level of miR‐146a is significantly associated with a good outcome in baseline and is more obvious in post‐chemotherapy. In addition, a high level of miR‐146a was associated with better progression‐free survival and overall survival in patients treated with R‐CHOP but has not been related to a superior outcome in patients treated with CHOP. Rituximab may improve the efficacy of therapy, especially in patients with high miR‐146a levels. The level of miR‐146a decreased in more patients after chemotherapy, and it seems patients with a decreased expression of miR‐146a after chemotherapy tended a better outcome, but it is not statistically significant.ConclusionOur results suggest that the level of serum miR‐146a can serve as a potential prognostic biomarker for DLBCL patients.
Transcriptomic analysis of mid‐secretory endometrium reveals essential immune factors associated with pregnancy after single euploid blastocyst transfer
Authors: Cheng Yanfei , Wang Hui , Shang Jin , Wang Jue , Yin Jingwen , Zhang Jinning , Guo Xinmeng , Wang Sidong , Duan Yong‐Gang , Lee Cheuk‐Lun , Chiu Philip C. N. , Zhang Jian , Yeung William S. B. , Cao Dandan , Yao Yuanqing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurposeImplantation is a limiting factor for treatment success in assisted reproduction. Both embryonic and endometrial factors contribute to implantation. Embryonic factors have often been ignored in previous studies about the role of endometrium in implantation. In this study, we sought to identify the endometrial genes associated with negative pregnancy outcomes following the transfer of a single euploid blastocyst.MethodsComputational analyses of the transcriptomes of mid‐secretory endometria from nine pregnant and seven non‐pregnant patients in a cycle preceding the transfer of a single euploid blastocyst in a vitrified‐warmed cycle were performed.ResultsPrincipal component analysis of two reported endometrial receptivity gene sets showed close clustering of the pregnant and non‐pregnant samples. Differential gene expression analysis and co‐expression module analysis identified 131 genes associated with the pregnancy status. The endometrial signatures identified highlight the importance of immune and metabolic regulation in pregnancy outcome. Network analysis identified 20 hub genes that could predict pregnancy outcomes with 88.9% sensitivity and 85.7% specificity. Single‐cell gene expression analysis highlighted the regulation of endometrial natural killer (NK) cells, T cells, and macrophages during embryo implantation. Immune cell abundance analysis supported the dysregulation of cytotoxic immune cells in the endometria of non‐pregnant women.ConclusionsWe reported the first endometrial gene signature associated with pregnancy after elimination of embryo aneuploidy and highlighted the importance of the endometrial immune microenvironment and metabolic status in pregnancy outcomes.
Requesting air ambulance transport of patients with suspected appendicitis: The decision‐making process through the eyes of the rural clinician
Authors: Edwards Kristin H. , Franklin Richard C. , Edwards Mark T. , Stewart Ruth A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe primary aim is to explore rural clinicians' self‐reported knowledge, skills and attitudes in the decision‐making process for requesting aeromedical retrieval of patients with suspected appendicitis. A secondary aim is to understand the supports and barriers of rural clinicians experience in this clinical scenario.SettingClinician interviews conducted face‐to‐face in three rural hospitals in Central Queensland.ParticipantsRural doctors and nurses.DesignA five‐part qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe majority of 44 participants identified the strong and effective teamwork. The decision to request aeromedical retrieval was a shared, joint process and identified a supportive collegial culture which supported the asking of questions and not expecting to have all the answers. Perceived barriers were lack of receiving clinicians understanding of transfer agreements, and data connectivity. Clinician pessimism was identified for perceived patient outcomes.DiscussionEffective teamwork can nurture trust and collaboration across multiple health service roles. High job satisfaction may counter the physical isolation in some rural environments. Fragmentation of care is the unintended consequence of interhospital transfer and may impact rural clinicians' perception of patients' outcomes and hinder receiving clinicians' understanding of rural service limitations.ConclusionFuture work in the area of linked electronic medical records could remove a barrier for rural clinicians and improve their reflective practice by challenging their perception of definitive patient outcomes. Increased awareness by receiving clinicians of the limitation of rural services, may minimize communication barriers and thereby, improve timely patient care transfers.
Delayed haemolytic transfusion reaction in paediatric patients with sickle cell disease: A retrospective study in a French national reference centre
Authors: Rossi Marica , Pirenne France , Le Roux Enora , Smaïne Djamel , Belloy Marie , Eyssette‐Guerreau Stéphanie , Couque Nathalie , Holvoet Laurent , Ithier Ghislaine , Brousse Valentine , Koehl Bérengère , Faye Albert , Benkerrou Malika , Missud Florence 
Published: December 2022

SummaryDelayed haemolytic transfusion reaction (DHTR) is a life‐threatening haemolytic anaemia following red blood cell transfusion in patients with sickle cell disease, with only scarce data in children. We retrospectively analysed 41 cases of DHTR in children treated between 2006 and 2020 in a French university hospital. DHTR manifested at a median age of 10.5 years, symptoms occurred a median of 8 days after transfusion performed for an acute event (63%), before surgery (20%) or in a chronic transfusion programme (17%). In all, 93% of patients had painful crisis. Profound anaemia (median 49 g/L), low reticulocyte count (median 140 ×109/L) and increased lactate dehydrogenase (median 2239 IU/L) were observed. Antibody screening was positive in 51% of patients, and more frequent when there was a history of alloimmunisation. Although no deaths were reported, significant complications occurred in 51% of patients: acute chest syndrome (12 patients), cholestasis (five patients), stroke (two patients) and kidney failure (two patients). A further transfusion was required in 23 patients and corticosteroids were used in 21 to reduce the risk of additional haemolysis. In all, 13 patients subsequently received further transfusions with recurrence of DHTR in only two. The study affords a better overview of DHTR and highlights the need to establish guidelines for its management in children.
Perceptions of dental students, dental faculty, practicing dentists and industry dental professionals on the acquisition of dental competencies and clinical skills in the Dominican Republic
Authors: Reyes Alardo Laura Virginia , Palmer Louann Bierlein , Beach Andrea , García‐Godoy Franklin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionThis study gathered perceptions from four stakeholder groups in the Dominican Republic (DR) regarding acquiring professional dental competencies and clinical skills.Materials and MethodsResearcher‐created surveys covering core dental competencies and clinical skills were distributed to stakeholder groups associated with nine different DR dental programs. Respondents included 153 undergraduate dental students, 153 dental faculty members, 108 practicing dentists (who had graduated in the past 5 years) and 42 industry professionals (who hire and supervise dentists). Data were examined using descriptive statistics, univariate ANOVA and multiple linear regressions.ResultsDental school students and recent graduates now practicing dentists in the DR reflected moderate to solid confidence that they had learned most of the dental skills and competencies covered in the survey. Industry professionals were a bit less confident overall, while dental faculty offered the lowest scores, although those were often still in the moderately confident range. ANOVAs revealed significant differences when broken down by individual university dental programs. Regressions also revealed that individual university dental programs significantly predict confidence that dental skills and competencies were achieved.ConclusionData show that DR's dental stakeholder groups generally felt optimistic about the learning occurring. However, the lower mean scores and higher standard deviations from faculty responses raise concern, as do the significant differences between individual dental programs and the dental program itself a significant predictor. Further review of programs is needed, and a national set of dental competencies should be considered in this country.
Enhanced mechanical properties for porous ceramics with an in situ formation of anorthite crystals during vitrification
Authors: Zhang Kaijie , Liu Meijuan , Han Zhichao , Sun Haibin , Li Xiaowei , Bai Jiahai , Du Qingyang , Li Chengfeng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPorous anorthite ceramics are widely applied as catalysis supports, separation membranes, and thermal insulations at high temperatures. In situ formation of anorthite crystals during vitrification is herein employed to improve mechanical properties of porous anorthite with modulated grain sizes on pore walls. Sintering parameters of shrinkage (5%–30%), open porosity (31.0%–58.3%), density (1.18–1.71 g/cm3), and mass loss (12.20%–18.26%) are estimated to investigate the influences of sintering aids of calcite, fused mullite, and silicon carbide or talcum on the densification processes of porous anorthite. The Kissinger equation is used to determine the activation energy of 783 kJ/mol for the crystallization of anorthite, which is significantly low for the formation of anorthite crystals through surface nucleation mechanism in present flux‐rich melt. In situ crystallization and simultaneous densification under liquid drainages are favored for whiskers‐reinforced mechanism to enhance flexural strengths (6.9–19.4 MPa) for porous anorthite with the porosity of 49.6%–58.3% through the formation of hierarchical nano‐ and microscale structures during vitrification.
Clinical outcomes of nivolumab plus ipilimumab in patients with metastatic non‐clear cell renal cell carcinoma: Real‐world data from a Japanese multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Izumi Keita , Inoue Masaharu , Washino Satoshi , Shirotake Suguru , Kagawa Makoto , Takeshita Hideki , Miura Yuji , Hyodo Yoji , Oyama Masafumi , Kawakami Satoru , Miyagawa Tomoaki , Saito Kazutaka , Kageyama Yukio 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesAlthough nivolumab plus ipilimumab has become a standard treatment regimen for metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), its efficacy in non‐clear cell carcinoma (nccRCC) has not been fully examined. In the current study, we evaluated the clinical outcomes of nivolumab plus ipilimumab in nccRCC compared with ccRCC.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 22 patients with metastatic and/or locally advanced unresectable nccRCC who received nivolumab plus ipilimumab as a first‐line therapy and compared them with 107 patients with ccRCC. Objective response rate (ORR), progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and toxicity were compared between the nccRCC and ccRCC groups.ResultsThe histology of nccRCC included eight papillary, six unclassified, three chromophobe, two collecting duct carcinoma, and three other subtypes. Best objective response in nccRCC patients included three complete responses and five partial responses, resulting in an ORR of 36%, while that in ccRCC patients was 50% (p = 0.22). With a median follow‐up of 11.9 months, OS was significantly shorter in patients with nccRCC than in those with ccRCC (median 20.8 months vs. not reached, p = 0.04), while there was no significant difference in PFS (median 6.3 vs. 10.8 months, p = 0.21). Treatment‐related adverse events occurred in 14 (64%) nccRCC patients and 81 (76%) ccRCC patients.ConclusionsCombination treatment with nivolumab and ipilimumab demonstrated modest clinical efficacy in patients with nccRCC compared with patients with ccRCC, suggesting it could be a therapeutic option for metastatic nccRCC patients.
Réponses Contractiles Aux Catécholamines des Artères Rénale et Iliaque en Présence d'Halothane Chez le Porc Sensible à l'Hyperthermie Maligne
Authors: Nadeau S. , DeRoth L. 
Published: December 2022

SummaryContractile response to catecholamines in the presence of halothane of renal and iliac arterial rings in pigs susceptible to malignant hyperthermiaDuring halothane induced reaction in pigs susceptible to porcine stress syndrome, and consequently to malignant hyperthermia an unstable blood pressure is characteristic. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the m vitro reactivity of renal and iliac arteries to catecholamines, in the presence of halothane, of pigs susceptible to malignant hyperthermia. Logarithmically increased concentrations of epinephrine and norepinephrine produced vascular contraction of a sigmoid type, in a dose‐dependent fashion. The presence of 5 % halothane moderately inhibited the catecholaminergic response of renal arterial rings of malignant hyperthermia susceptible animals as a non‐specific antagonist.
Enzyme Profile in Blood and Tissues of Chickens Fed Various Levels of Monensin
Authors: Horovitz C.T. , Avidar Y. , Bogin E. , Shlosberg A. , Shkap I. , Weisman Y. , Egyed M.N. 
Published: December 2022

SummaryThe influence of recommended prophylactic doses or overdosages of moiiensin on growth and on enzymatic activities in blood and in various organs of 5 — 8 week old broiler chickens was investigated. Feeding of 300 or 400ppm monensin in the ration caused a reduction of feed consumption, paralysis, a 13—20% mortality and a retardation in body weight gain of the survivors. A tendency to recovery, probably as a result of gradually acquired tolerance, was evident in the second week of monensin feeding. Considerable incre.ise in the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and malic enzyme (ME) occurred in plasma as influenced by toxic levels of monensin. Significant increases in alkaline phosphause (ALP), AST and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities were recorded in the liver and to a lesser extent in thigh muscle at 400 ppm monensin, but the activity of cardiac CPK was significantly decreased. Tlie prophylactic dose of 100 ppm monensin affected those enzymes involved in key met.ibolism, such as LDH, MDH and AST, most evidently after 5 days of feeding.
The Effect of a Diet with a High or Low Content of Vitamin E on Different Skeletal Muscles and Myocardium in Pigs
Authors: Jensen M. , Essén‐Gustavsson B. , Hakkarainen J. 
Published: December 2022

SummaryTwo groups of growing pigs were fed a barley‐based diet with a low or high content of vitamin K, Biopsy specimens were taken from different skeletal muscles and from the myocardium and analysed for enzyme activities, fibre type composition and content of vitamin E. The highest vitamin E value and oxidative capacity were observed in the myocardium. The skeletal muscles with the highest oxidative capacity also possessed the greatest capacity for storage of vitamin E. The vastus médius showed the highest percentage of type I and type IIA fibres and the highest content of vitamin E. The superficial portion of the biceps femoris with the lowest percentage of type 1 and type IIA fibres had the lowest content of vitamin E. Histochemical stainings showed that type 1 and IIA fibres contained more lipid and had a greater oxidative capacity than type IIB fibres.This study shows that the content and storage capacity of vitamin E is related to the oxidative capacity of the mu.scle and the amount of lipid containing type I fibres. Furthermore, vitamin E deficiency may be associated with the occurrence of giant fibres.
LH‐Patterns in Jugular Plasma and Oestradiol‐17ß and Progesterone in Utero‐ovarian and Jugular Plasma of Primiparous Sows around Weaning
Authors: Rojanasthien S. 
Published: December 2022

SummaryThe endocrine responses of six primiparous sows were studied following weaning. Blood samples were obtained from the utero‐ovarian and jugular veins during late lactation and following weaning according to the following schedule: every 15 min for 6h one day before and one day alter weaning for LH analysis and at 3h (9.00 a.m. — 9.00 p.m.) or 8h (7.00 a.m. — 11.00 p.m.) intervals from the day of weaning until oestrus or 24 days after weaning for oestradiol‐17ß and progesterone analyses. Four sows showed oestrus within 108—160 h after weaning, one on day 22 after weaning and one sow did not show oestrus before slaughter (24 days after weaning). LH activity, low during lactation, increased significantly one day after weaning in all sows, with the most evident change being an increased frequency of LH pulses. Increases in oestradiol‐17ß concentrations were detected 24 —36h earlier in the utero‐ovarian vein than in the jugular vein. Tbere were several temporary elevations of oestradiol‐l7ß concentration in the utero‐ovarian vein during the post‐weaning period of the sows with delayed oestrus and post‐weaning anoestrus, suggesting the presence of some ovarian follicle activity. These changes in oestradioI‐17 ß concentrations were not observed in jugular vein blood. These results indicate that the weaning to oestrus interval is related to changes in the LH activity after weaning. The ovaries of the sows with delayed oestrus and post‐weaning anoestrus had some antral follicle development, since they could produce and release oestradiol‐17 ß into the blood circulation. This suggests that insufficiency of the hypothalamo‐hypophysial activity might be the cause of an inability of some sows to re‐establish ovarian activity after weaning.
Ossifikationsvarianten am Gliedmaßenskelett des Hundes
Authors: Mayrhofer Elisabeth 
Published: December 2022

SummaryOssification Variants in the Limb Skeleton of the Dog. I. Temporary Centres in Growing DogsIn growing dogs, especially those of large and giant breeds, secondary centres of ossification can be found near to the joints of the extremities. They may be obligatory or optional. On radiograpiis they appear as small shadows of bone density close to the skeleton, preferably in dogs between 4 and 6 months old. These ossification centres can only be demonstrated for a short period of 2 to 4 weeks. They complete the surfaces of joints (scapula, acetabulum) or can be interpreted as partial ossifications of epi‐ or apophyseal cartilage (distal growth‐plate of humerus, distal apophyseal plate of Tuberositas tibiae). The most frequent localizations are: Tuberculum supraglenoidale, Tuberculum inajus, cranio‐ lateral tuberosity of Olecranon, insertion of the lateral collateral ligament in proximal Radius, Processus styloideus ulnae, Processus styloideus ossis accessorii, Trochanter major. Malleolus medialis and lateralis. After fusion, the linked bone gets its definitive shape. These physiological bone shadows can only be diagnosed correctly by relating them to the age of the dog and by comparing them with findings on corresponding radiographs of the opposite extremity.
Suppression of Mitogenic Activity of T Lymphocytes by Subtoxic Concentration of Ammonia in Blood*
Authors: Kiuciński W. , Ostaszewski P. , Winnicka A. , Targowski S. , Szeleszczuk B. , Miernik‐Degórska E. 
Published: December 2022

SummaryThe effect of subtoxic ammonia concentrations in blood on T lymphocyte activity was studied in 8 Merino sheep. In 4 sheep hyperammonemia was produced by continuous three‐day infusion of an ammonium acetate solution into the right jugular vein. Four control sheep received a similar infusion of 0,9% sodium chloride.Blood samples were obtained from the left jugular vein at 24 hours and immediately before the infusion, and then 24, 48 and 72 hours after the beginning of infusion, and again 96 hours after the beginning of the infusion. The .activity of T lymphocytes was determined by the blastic transformation test.A significant rise in blood ammonia concentration occurred 24 and 48 hours after the beginning of the infusion.A parallel fall in ‘H‐thymidine incorporation by lymphocytes was observed in PHA‐ and in Con A‐stimulated T lymphocytes 24, 48 and 72 hours after the beginning of the infusion. The results suggest that increased blood ammonia concentration causes damage to the cell‐mediated immunity mechanisms which may increase susceptibility to infectious agents.