bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced polymeric metal/metal oxide bionanocomposite using seaweedLaurencia dendroideaextract for antiprotozoal, anticancer, and photocatalytic applications
Authors: Amina Musarat , Al Musayeib Nawal M. , Alterary Seham , F. El-Tohamy Maha , A. Alhwaiti Samira 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundBiosynthesized nanoparticles are gaining popularity due to their distinctive biological applications as well as bioactive secondary metabolites from natural products that contribute in green synthesis.MethodologyThis study reports a facile, ecofriendly, reliable, and cost-effective synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs), and polymeric PVP-silver-copper oxide nanocomposite using ethanol extract of seaweedLaurencia dendroideaand were evaluated for antiprotozoal, anticancer and photocatalytic potential. The nanostructures of the AgNPs, CuONPs, and polymeric PVP-Ag-CuO nanocomposite were confirmed by different spectroscopic and microscopic procedures.ResultsThe UV-vis spectrum displayed distinct absorption peaks at 440, 350, and 470 nm for AgNPs, CuONPs, and polymeric Ag-CuO nanocomposite, respectively. The average particles size of the formed AgNPs, CuONPs, and Ag-CuO nanocomposite was 25, 28, and 30 nm, respectively with zeta potential values −31.7 ± 0.6 mV, −17.6 ± 4.2 mV, and −22.9 ± 4.45 mV. The microscopic investigation of biosynthesized nanomaterials revealed a spherical morphological shape with average crystallite sizes of 17.56 nm (AgNPs), 18.21 nm (CuONPs), and 25.46 nm (PVP-Ag-CuO nanocomposite). The antiprotozoal potential of green synthesized nanomaterials was examined againstLeishmania amazonensisandTrypanosoma cruziparasites. The polymeric PVP-Ag-CuO nanocomposite exerted the highest antiprotozoal effect with IC50values of 17.32 ± 1.5 and 17.48 ± 4.2 µM, in contrast to AgNPs and CuONPs. The anticancer potential of AgNPs, CuONPs, and polymeric PVP-Ag-CuO nanocomposite against HepG2 cancer cell lines revealed that all the nanomaterials were effective and the highest anticancer potential was displayed by PVP-Ag-CuO nanocomposite with IC50values 91.34 µg mL−1at 200 µg mL−1concentration. Additionally, PVP-Ag-CuO nanocomposite showed strong photocatalytic effect.ConclusionOverall, this study suggested that the biogenic synthesized nanomaterials AgNPs, CuONPs, and polymeric PVP-Ag-CuO nanocomposite using ethanol extract of seaweedL. dendroideapossesses promising antiprotozoal anticancer and photocatalytic effect and could be further exploited for the development of antiprotozoal and anticancer therapeutics agents.
Freshwater Prawns Diversity (Crustacea: Decapoda) in the River Koshi, Eastern Bihar
Authors: Prasad Suday , Nath Paras , Chaudhary D. N. 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: The river Koshi is one of the major tributary of river Ganga, which originated from the northern slopes of the Himalayas and flows southwards through north Bihar with draining of the Ganga basin near Kursela, in District Katihar, eastern Bihar.
Objectives: Diversity and abundance of freshwater prawns were studied from January 2020 to December 2022 in the Koshi river of district Katihar eastern Bihar, India.
Methodology: The prawn was collected from the bank of Koshi river with the support of fishermen at Kursela in Katihar district, eastern Bihar and preserved in 5% formalin for further study.
Results: Koshi river is also known as Saptakoshi for its seven upper tributaries, that transports a large amount of nutrient and perhaps encourages species prosperity both culturally and individually. The efficiency of water is significant and therefore the freshwater prawns are divers. Prawn is a very important foodstuff in developing countries, due to high protein content and its other nutrition values. In present study we identified & reports commercially and physically important total four species of prawn belonging to Macrobrachium genius in the river Koshi around Kursela, in Katihar district eastern Bihar. They are namely Macrobrachium gangeticum, M. gandaki, M. tiwari and M. lamarrei. The composition of prawn species among which M. lamarrei and M. tiwari were dominant species throughout the year. Whereas the catch of M. gangeticum and M. gandaki were restricted during June to September.
Conclusion: The current investigation important to the presence of commercially important and environmentally sustainable inhabitants available in the river Koshi, Kursela Katihar, eastern Bihar. The suggests to needs appropriate management and conservation strategies to prevent the further loss of populations from this site. The details of data collected are in the flesh in this communication.
Assessment of Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety & Stress among Medical Students
Authors: Kataria Lakhan , Patel Nisheet , Bhatt Jahnavi , Shah Dharmin , Raval Dhruv 
Published: March 2023

Aims: To Assess Depressive, Anxiety & Stress related symptoms and their correlation with sociodemographic factors amongst recently enrolled medical students.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Recently enrolled 275 Medical students attending University between June 2022 and September 2022.
Methodology: Study conducted among recently enrolled 275 Medical students. After taking their prior informed consent through online form shared through WhatsApp group, they were given to fill online questionnaire to collect sociodemographic factors in English made using PsyToolkit software. It also contains Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS 21), which was used to collect information on depressive, anxiety, and stress related symptoms.
Results: Prevalence of depressive symptoms is 68.4%, anxiety symptoms are 78.2% and stress related symptomsis 33.1% among medical students. Depressive, anxiety and stress related symptoms were statistically significantly associated with peer and family pressure to join study-stream (p-value of <.01 for all three) and history of mental health issues in family (p-value=.01 for all three). In addition, depressive symptoms were statistically significantly associated with poor peer-relationship (p-value=.01) and unsatisfaction regarding admission (p-value=.04); and stress related symptoms was statistically significantly associated with unsatisfaction regarding admission (p-value=.03).
Conclusion: Prevalence of depressive, anxiety & stress related symptoms among recently enrolled medical students are high providing insight into needed improvement of psychological wellbeing in them; which could potentially have a positive impact upon their quality of life & patient care.
Research the Instrument of Karl Fischer Titration How to Detect the Moisture Content from Transformer Insulating Oil
Authors: Lin Ming-Jong 
Published: March 2023

This article focuses on the monitoring and control of the moisture content from the transformer insulating oil. When its moisture content exceeds the standard value, it will endanger the normal operation of the equipment and cause accidents. Research on how the moisture content penetrates into the insulating oil of the transformer. How to diagnose the moisture content is an important issue under the premise of affecting hidden worries about the quality of power supply？ Currently, there are three types of moisture content detecting: "visual", "calcium carbide method" and "liquid chromatography." This article will use the most accurate and effective "liquid chromatography", also referred to as "Karl Fischer coulometric titration" or "ASTM D6304-20", as the vertical axis and "monitoring and control" as the horizontal axis to analyze and discuss the moisture of generation in transformer insulating oil and detection methods to compose throughout them for an article. When the detecting oil sample has measured without contamination under normal procedures which has 30 to 35 ppm of moisture content, it is judged as a passing standard by ASTM D6304-20. If it exceeds standard level, the transformer equipment must be shut down for being deal with. To pay more attention on the item for detection of moisture content in insulating oil, so be doing that the transformer - related electrical accident failure which will be what It will not happen again similar accidents caused by moisture content. In addition to being a reference for maintenance technicians of substation equipment, this article can effectively monitor the moisture content inside the transformer to ensure the safe operation of the equipment.
Detection Methods: the principle of the Karl Fisher Titration detection method is to employ the reaction of chemical between iodine (I2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2), and then absorb all the water (2H2O) from the insulating oil, while the chemical reaction produces sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and hydrogen iodide (2HI), so by doing to diagnose the moisture content in parts per million (ppm) of the oil sample.
Detection Purpose: To explain "the Instrument of Karl Fischer Titration How to Detect the Moisture Content from Transformer Insulating Oil.”
Detection Effectiveness: The most accurate and effective method of liquid chromatography, also known as Karl Fisher Titration which is employed for power companies.
Is Routine Histologic Examination of the Pilonidal Sinus Required? A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Aljohani Emad , Alshieban Saeed , Albuthi Saud , Breakeit Sarah , Hassain Ikram , Alanazi Abdulrahman , Alotaibi Abdullah , Hijan Eyad 
Published: March 2023

Objective
To assess whether routine histopathologic examination of the pilonidal sinus is necessary.

Background
Pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) is an acquired condition of the hair follicles and is thought to be an obstruction of the infundibulum of a hair follicle. The follicle enlarges and ruptures, causing secondary infection, the development of fistulae and abscesses, and other complications.

Methods
This is a retrospective study including all patients who had pilonidal sinus excision from January 2015 to December 2021 at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A review of pathologic slides took place in the Department of Pathology, and the chart review was conducted in the Department of Surgery through patients' electronic medical records.

Results
All of the excised sinuses (100%) were benign, and none of the patients in the study population had any cancerous lesions. Approximately 90% of the patients had no history of recurrence, and 84.8% had no history of surgical abscess drainage. With respect to the histopathologic subtype of a benign sinus, the most common type was chronic inflammation, followed by granulation and fibrosis.

Conclusions
This study's findings reveal that none of the patients were diagnosed as having malignancy after excision of the pilonidal sinus. However, the findings reveal no need for performing an unnecessary histopathologic examination unless someone is at risk of developing cancer based on whether they have palpable lymph nodes and a history of recurrence.
Assessment of Patient Education Delivered at Time of Hospital Discharge
Authors: Trivedi Shreya P. , Corderman Sara , Berlinberg Elyse , Schoenthaler Antoinette , Horwitz Leora I. 
Published: March 2023

ImportancePatient education at time of hospital discharge is critical for smooth transitions of care; however, empirical data regarding discharge communication are limited.ObjectiveTo describe whether key communication domains (medication changes, follow-up appointments, disease self-management, red flags, question solicitation, and teach-back) were addressed at the bedside on the day of hospital discharge, by whom, and for how long.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis quality improvement study was conducted from September 2018 through October 2019 at inpatient medicine floors in 2 urban, tertiary-care teaching hospitals and purposefully sampled patients designated as “discharge before noon.” Data analysis was performed from September 2018 to May 2020.ExposuresA trained bedside observer documented all content and duration of staff communication with a single enrolled patient from 7 am until discharge.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPresence of the key communication domains, role of team members, and amount of time spent at the bedside.ResultsDischarge days for 33 patients were observed. Patients had a mean (SD) age of 63 (18) years; 14 (42%) identified as White, 15 (45%) were female, and 6 (18%) had a preferred language of Spanish. Thirty patients were discharged with at least 1 medication change. Of these patients, 8 (27%) received no verbal instruction on the change, while 16 of 30 (53%) were informed but not told the purpose of the changes. About half of the patients (15 of 31, 48%) were not told the reason for follow-up appointments, and 18 of 33 (55%) were not given instructions on posthospital disease self-management. Most patients (27 of 33, 81%) did not receive guidance on red-flag signs. While over half of the patients (19 of 33, 58%) were asked if they had any questions, only 1 patient was asked to teach back his understanding of the discharge plan. Median (IQR) total time spent with patients on the day of discharge by interns, senior residents, attending physicians, and nurses was 4.0 (0.75-6.0), 1.0 (0-2.0), 3.0 (0.5-7.0), and 22.5 (15.5-30.0) minutes, respectively. Most of the time was spent discussing logistics rather than discharge education.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this quality improvement study, patients infrequently received discharge education in key communication domains, potentially leaving gaps in patient knowledge. Interventions to improve the hospital discharge process should address the content, method of delivery, and transparency among team members regarding patient education.
Gender Disparity in National Institutes of Health Funding Among Surgeon-Scientists From 1995 to 2020
Authors: Nguyen Mytien , Gonzalez Luis , Chaudhry Sarwat I. , Ahuja Nita , Pomahac Bohdan , Newman Ashley , Cannon Ashley , Zarebski Shenika A. , Dardik Alan , Boatright Dowin 
Published: March 2023

ImportanceSurgical diseases account for approximately 30% of the global burden of disease. Gender diversity in biomedical research is critical to generate innovative patient-centered research in surgery.ObjectiveTo examine the distribution of biomedical research funding by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) among women and men surgeon-scientists during a 25-year period.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used publicly available data from the NIH RePORTER (Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools: Expenditures and Results) database for research project grants awarded to women and men surgeon-scientists who were principal investigators between 1995 and 2020. Data were retrieved between January 20 and March 20, 2022. The representation of women surgeon-scientists among academic surgeons was compared with the representation of men surgeon-scientists over time.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDistribution of NIH funding to women and men surgeon-scientists was examined via 2 metrics: holding a large-dollar (ie, R01-equivalent) grant and being a super principal investigator (SPI) with $750 000 or more in total annual research funding. Statistical analysis was performed between April 1 and August 31, 2022.ResultsBetween 1995 and 2020, 2078 principal investigator surgeons received funding from the NIH. The proportion of women academic surgeons who were surgeon-scientists remained unchanged during this same period (1995, 14 of 792 [1.8%] vs 2020, 92 of 3834 [2.4%]; P = .10). Compared with their men counterparts, women surgeon-scientists obtained their first NIH grant earlier in their career (mean [SD] years after first faculty appointment, 8.8 [6.2] vs 10.8 [7.9] years; P &amp;lt; .001) and were as likely to obtain large-dollar grants (aRR, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.95-1.03]) during the period 2016 to 2020. Despite this success, women surgeon-scientists remained significantly underrepresented among SPIs and were 25% less likely to be an SPI (aRR, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.60-0.95] during the period 2016 to 2020).Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this cross-sectional study of NIH-funded surgeons suggest that women surgeons remained underrepresented among surgeon-scientists over a 25-year period despite early career success in receiving NIH funding. This is concerning and warrants further investigation to increase the distribution of NIH funding among women surgeon-scientists.
Functional Recovery, Symptoms, and Quality of Life 1 to 5 Years After Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Nelson Lindsay D. , Temkin Nancy R. , Barber Jason , Brett Benjamin L. , Okonkwo David O. , McCrea Michael A. , Giacino Joseph T. , Bodien Yelena G. , Robertson Claudia , Corrigan John D. , Diaz-Arrastia Ramon , Markowitz Amy J. , Manley Geoffrey T. ,   TRACK-TBI Investigators
Published: March 2023

ImportanceMany level I trauma center patients experience clinical sequelae at 1 year following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Longer-term outcome data are needed to develop better monitoring and rehabilitation services.ObjectiveTo examine functional recovery, TBI-related symptoms, and quality of life from 1 to 5 years postinjury.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study enrolled trauma patients across 18 US level I trauma centers between 2014 and 2018. Eligible participants were enrolled within 24 hours of injury and followed up to 5 years postinjury. Data were analyzed January 2023.ExposuresMild TBI (mTBI), moderate-severe TBI (msTBI), or orthopedic traumatic controls (OTC).Main Outcomes and MeasuresFunctional independence (Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended [GOSE] score 5 or higher), complete functional recovery (GOSE score, 8), better (ie, lower) TBI-related symptom burden (Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire score of 15 or lower), and better (ie, higher) health-related quality of life (Quality of Life After Brain Injury Scale-Overall Scale score 52 or higher); mortality was analyzed as a secondary outcome.ResultsA total 1196 patients were included in analysis (mean [SD] age, 40.8 [16.9] years; 781 [65%] male; 158 [13%] Black, 965 [81%] White). mTBI and OTC groups demonstrated stable, high rates of functional independence (98% to 100% across time). While odds of independence were lower among msTBI survivors, the majority were independent at 1 year (72%), and this proportion increased over time (80% at 5 years; group × year, P = .005; independence per year: odds ratio [OR] for msTBI, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.03-1.58; OR for mTBI, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.64-1.03). For other outcomes, group differences at 1 year remained stable over time (group × year, P ≥ .44). Odds of complete functional recovery remained lower for persons with mTBI vs OTC (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.28-0.56) and lower for msTBI vs mTBI (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.24-0.48). Odds of better TBI-related symptom burden and quality of life were similar for both TBI subgroups and lower than OTCs. Mortality between 1 and 5 years was higher for msTBI (5.5%) than mTBI (1.5%) and OTC (0.7%; P = .02).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, patients with previous msTBI displayed increased independence over 5 years; msTBI was also associated with increased mortality. These findings, in combination with the persistently elevated rates of unfavorable outcomes in mTBI vs controls imply that more monitoring and rehabilitation are needed for TBI.
Evaluation of Measurement Properties and Differential Item Functioning in the English and French Versions of the University of California, Los Angeles, Loneliness Scale‐6: A Scleroderma Patient‐Centered Intervention Network (SPIN) Study
Authors: S. Rapoport Chelsea , Choi Alyssa K. , Kwakkenbos Linda , Carrier Marie‐Eve , Henry Richard S. , Mouthon Luc , Roesch Scott C. , Thombs Brett D. , Malcarne Vanessa L. ,   the SPIN COVID‐19 Patient Advisory Team,   the SPIN Investigators
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveLoneliness has been associated with poorer health‐related quality of life but has not been studied in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). The current study was undertaken to examine and compare the psychometric properties of the English and French versions of the University of California, Los Angeles, Loneliness Scale‐6 (ULS‐6) in patients with SSc during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsThis study used baseline cross‐sectional data from 775 adults enrolled in the Scleroderma Patient‐Centered Intervention Network (SPIN) COVID‐19 Cohort. Reliability and validity of ULS‐6 scores overall and between languages were evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), differential item functioning (DIF) through the multiple‐indicator multiple‐cause (MIMIC) model, omega/alpha calculation, and correlations of hypothesized convergent relationships.ResultsCFA for the total sample supported the single‐factor structure (comparative fit index [CFI] 0.96, standardized root mean residual [SRMR] 0.03), and all standardized factor loadings for items were large (0.60–0.86). The overall MIMIC model with language as a covariate fit well (CFI 0.94, SRMR 0.04, root mean square error of approximation 0.11). Statistically significant DIF was found for 3 items across language (βitem2 = 0.14, P < 0.001; βitem4 = –0.07, P = 0.01; βitem6 = 0.13, P < 0.001), but these small differences were without practical measurement implications. Analyses demonstrated high internal consistency with no language‐based convergent validity differences.ConclusionAnalyses demonstrated evidence of acceptable reliability and validity of ULS‐6 scores in English‐ and French‐speaking adults with SSc. DIF analysis supported use of the ULS‐6 to examine comparative experiences of loneliness without adjusting for language.
An Effective Approach toward Yellow‐to‐Orange Multi‐Resonance TADF Emitters by Integrating Strong Electron Donor into B/N‐Based Polycyclic Architecture: High Performance OLEDs with Nearly 40% EQE
Authors: Yang Wei , Miao Jingsheng , Hu Fengping , Zou Yang , Zhong Cheng , Gong Shaolong , Yang Chuluo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractB/N‐based multi‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) emitters and the corresponding narrow band emissive organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) exhibit great potential for next‐generation high‐resolution displays. Nonetheless, designing MR‐TADF emitters with emission wavelength over 550 nm remains challenging. Herein, an effective approach toward yellow‐to‐orange MR‐TADF emitters by integrating a strong electron‐donating indolophenazine building block into the B/N‐doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is proposed. The investigation of photophysical properties reveals that the electron‐donating difference between the donor segments of MR framework has a dramatic influence on the luminescent features, including the emission wavelength and full‐width at half‐maximum (FWHM). These TADF emitters display excellent photophysical characteristics such as near‐unity photoluminescence quantum yields and almost 100% horizontal dipole ratio. As a result, yellow and orange OLEDs employing these emitters achieve state‐of‐the‐art device performances with an ultrahigh external quantum efficiency of up to nearly 40%, power efficiency of 163 lm W−1, and luminance close to 120 000 cd m−2, which set a record among MR‐TADF based OLEDs with emission peaks over 550 nm. More impressively, the fabricated device presents outstanding operational stability of LT99 over 110 h at the initial brightness of 3000 cd m−2.