bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extensible Integrated System for Real‐Time Monitoring of Cardiovascular Physiological Signals and Limb Health
Authors: Wu Weitong , Li Linlin , Li Zhexin , Sun Jinzi , Wang Lili 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn recent decades, the rapid growth in flexible materials, new manufacturing technologies, and wearable electronics design techniques has helped establish the foundations for noninvasive photoelectric sensing systems with shape‐adaptability and “skin‐like” properties. Physiological sensing includes humidity, mechanical, thermal, photoelectric, and other aspects. Photoplethysmography (PPG), an important noninvasive method for measuring pulse rate, blood pressure, and blood oxygen, uses the attenuated signal obtained by the light absorbed and reflected from living tissue to a light source to realize real‐time monitoring of human health status. This work illustrates a patch‐type optoelectronic system that integrates a flexible perovskite photodetector and all‐inorganic light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) to realize the real‐time monitoring of human PPG signals. The pulse rate of the human body and the swelling degree of finger joints can be extracted and analyzed using photodetectors, thus monitoring human health for the prevention and early diagnosis of certain diseases. Specifically, this work develops a 3D wrinkled‐serpentine interconnection wire that increases the shape adaptability of the device in practical applications. The PPG signal sensor reported in this study has considerable potential for future wearable intelligent medical applications.
High‐Performance n‐Type Polymeric Mixed Ionic‐Electronic Conductors: The Impacts of Halogen Functionalization
Authors: Yang Wanli , Feng Kui , Ma Suxiang , Liu Bin , Wang Yimei , Ding Riqing , Jeong Sang Young , Woo Han Young , Chan Paddy Kwok Leung , Guo Xugang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDeveloping high‐performance n‐type polymer mixed ionic‐electronic conductors (PMIECs) is a grand challenge, which largely determines their applications in vaious organic electronic devices, such as organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) and organic thermoelectrics (OTEs). Herein, two halogen‐functionalized PMIECs f‐BTI2g‐TVTF and f‐BTI2g‐TVTCl built from fused bithiophene imide dimer (f‐BTI2) as the acceptor unit and halogenated thienylene–vinylene–thienylene (TVT) as the donor co‐unit are reported. Compared to the control polymer f‐BTI2g‐TVT, the fluorinated f‐BTI2g‐TVTF shows lower‐positioned lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), improved charge transport property, and greater ion uptake capacity. Consequently, f‐BTI2g‐TVTF delivers a state‐of‐the‐art µC* of 90.2 F cm−1 V−1 s−1 with a remarkable electron mobility of 0.41 cm2 V−1 s−1 in OECTs and an excellent power factor of 64.2 µW m−1 K−2 in OTEs. An OECT‐based inverter amplifier is further demonstrated with voltage gain up to 148 V V−1, which is among the highest values for OECT inverters. Such results shed light on the impacts of halogen atoms on developing high‐performing n‐type PMIECs.
Power‐Efficient Multisensory Reservoir Computing Based on Zr‐Doped HfO2 Memcapacitive Synapse Arrays
Authors: Pei Mengjiao , Zhu Ying , Liu Siyao , Cui Hangyuan , Li Yating , Yan Yang , Li Yun , Wan Changjin , Wan Qing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHardware implementation tailored to requirements in reservoir computing would facilitate lightweight and powerful temporal processing. Capacitive reservoirs would boost power efficiency due to their ultralow static power consumption but have not been experimentally exploited yet. Here, this work reports an oxide‐based memcapacitive synapse (OMC) based on Zr‐doped HfO2 (HZO) for a power‐efficient and multisensory processing reservoir computing system. The nonlinearity and state richness required for reservoir computing could originate from the capacitively coupled polarization switching and charge trapping of hafnium‐oxide‐based devices. The power consumption (≈113.4 fJ per spike) and temporal processing versatility outperform most resistive reservoirs. This system is verified by common benchmark tasks, and it exhibits high accuracy (>94%) in recognizing multisensory information, including acoustic, electrophysiological, and mechanic modalities. As a proof‐of‐concept, a touchless user interface for virtual shopping based on the OMC‐based reservoir computing system is demonstrated, benefiting from its interference‐robust acoustic and electrophysiological perception. These results shed light on the development of highly power‐efficient human–machine interfaces and machine‐learning platforms.
Geometric Control and Optical Properties of Intrinsically Chiral Plasmonic Nanomaterials
Authors: Sun Lichao , Tao Yunlong , Yang Guizeng , Liu Chuang , Sun Xuehao , Zhang Qingfeng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntrinsically chiral plasmonic nanomaterials exhibit intriguing geometry‐dependent chiroptical properties, which is due to the combination of plasmonic features with geometric chirality. Thus, chiral plasmonic nanomaterials have become promising candidates for applications in biosensing, asymmetric catalysis, biomedicine, photonics, etc. Recent advances in geometric control and optical tuning of intrinsically chiral plasmonic nanomaterials have further opened up a unique opportunity for their widespread applications in many emerging technological areas. Here, the recent developments in the geometric control of chiral plasmonic nanomaterials are reviewed with special attention given to the quantitative understanding of the chiroptical structure‐property relationship. Several important optical spectroscopic tools for characterizing the optical chirality of plasmonic nanomaterials at both ensemble and single‐particle levels are also discussed. Three emerging applications of chiral plasmonic nanomaterials, including enantioselective sensing, enantioselective catalysis, and biomedicine, are further highlighted. It is envisioned that these advanced studies in chiral plasmonic nanomaterials will pave the way toward the rational design of chiral nanomaterials with desired optical properties for diverse emerging technological applications.
Obviating Ligand Exchange Preserves the Intact Surface of HgTe Colloidal Quantum Dots and Enhances Performance of Short Wavelength Infrared Photodetectors
Authors: Sergeeva Kseniia A. , Hu Sile , Sokolova Anastasiia V. , Portniagin Arsenii S. , Chen Desui , Kershaw Stephen V. , Rogach Andrey L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA large volume, scalable synthesis procedure of HgTe quantum dots (QDs) capped initially with short‐chain conductive ligands ensures ligand exchange‐free and simple device fabrication. An effective n‐ or p‐type self‐doping of HgTe QDs is achieved by varying cation–anion ratio, as well as shifting the Fermi level position by introducing single‐ or double‐cyclic thiol ligands, that is, 2‐furanmethanethiol (FMT) or 2,5‐dimercapto‐3,4‐thiadiasole (DMTD) in the synthesis. This allows for preserving the intact surface of the HgTe QDs, thus ensuring a one order of magnitude reduced surface trap density compared with HgTe subjected to solid‐state ligand exchange. The charge carrier diffusion length can be extended from 50 to 90 nm when the device active area consists of a bi‐layer of cation‐rich HgTe QDs capped with DMTD and FMT, respectively. As a result, the responsivity under 1340 nm illumination is boosted to 1 AW−1 at zero bias and up to 40 AW−1 under −1 V bias at room temperature. Due to high noise current density, the specific detectivity of these photodetectors reaches up to 1010 Jones at room temperature and under an inert atmosphere. Meanwhile, high photoconductive gain ensures a rise in the external quantum efficiency of up to 1000% under reverse bias.
Solar‐Driven Redox Splitting of CO2 Using 3D‐Printed Hierarchically Channeled Ceria Structures
Authors: Sas Brunser Sebastian , Bargardi Fabio L. , Libanori Rafael , Kaufmann Noëmi , Braun Hugo , Steinfeld Aldo , Studart André R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFuel produced from CO2 and H2O using solar energy can contribute to making aviation more sustainable. Particularly attractive is the thermochemical production pathway via a ceria‐based redox cycle, which uses the entire solar spectrum as the source of high‐temperature process heat to directly produce a syngas mixture suitable for synthetizing kerosene. However, its solar‐to‐fuel energy efficiency is hindered by the inadequate isotropic topology of the ceria porous structure, which fails to absorb the incident concentrated solar radiation within its entire volume. This study presents the design and 3D‐print of hierarchically channeled structures of pure ceria by direct ink writing (DIW) to enable volumetric radiative absorption while maintaining high effective densities required for maximizing the fuel yield. The complex interplay between radiative heat transfer and thermochemical reaction is investigated in a solar thermogravimetric analyzer with samples exposed to high‐flux irradiation, mimicking realistic operation of solar reactors. Channeled structures with a stepwise optical thickness achieve a higher and more uniform temperature profile compared to that of state‐of‐art isotropic structures, doubling the volume‐specific fuel yield for the same solar flux input. Thermomechanical stability of the ceria graded structures, DIW‐printed using a novel ink formulation with optimal rheological behavior, is validated by performing 100 consecutive redox cycles.
High Efficiency Visible Achromatic Metalens Design via Deep Learning
Authors: Wang Feilou , Zhao Shiqiang , Wen Yongzheng , Sun Jingbo , Zhou Ji 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMetalenses with both achromatic performance and high focusing efficiency are always challenging, especially in visible range. In this work, a deep learning model is developed to accelerate the design of achromatic metalenses based on the geometric phase theory. During the building process of the phase response library and selection of the nano‐structures, converted transmission coefficients including both phase and amplitude are considered in order to ensure the achromatic focusing, as well as a high focusing efficiency. To test the performance of the design developed from the deep learning model, numerical simulations are performed in the visible wavelengths from 428 to 652 nm, which show a focal length of 266 µm with the deviation under 5%, and the average focusing efficiency reaches 52%.
Synthesis of Bicyclo[2.1.1]hexan‐5‐ones via a Sequential Simmons‐Smith Cyclopropanation and an Acid‐Catalyzed Pinacol Rearrangement of α‐Hydroxy Silyl Enol Ethers
Authors: Hsu Chih‐Wei , Lu Yen‐Ting , Lin Chi‐Ping , Yoo Woo‐Jin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA synthetic strategy involving a Simmons‐Smith cyclopropanation, followed by an acid‐catalyzed pinacol rearrangement, was developed to transform α‐hydroxy silyl enol ethers into 1‐substituted bicyclo[2.1.1]hexan‐5‐ones. These bicyclic ketones underwent further synthetic manipulations to generate various 1,5‐disubstituted bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes, which could serve as potential bioisosteres of ortho‐substituted arenes.
The short‐ and long‐term impacts of overinvestments on the profitability of agri‐food processing firms in China
Authors: Gan Lin , Yoshifumi Takahashi , Hisako Nomura , Mitsuyasu Yabe 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study examines the short‐ and long‐term impacts of overinvestments on the profitability of Chinese agri‐food processing firms. We construct an overinvestment age variable measured as the number of years since the most recent overinvestment and use a two‐way fixed effects model based on firm‐level data for the Chinese agri‐food‐processing industry from 1998 to 2013 to conduct the research. We find that the profitability of firms improves during the first and second years following the most recent overinvestment. However, from the third year onward, profitability declines, and the restraining effect increases year by year. In addition, we find that regional differences and differences in financing constraints can explain the heterogeneity of the overinvestment age affecting firm profitability. [EconLit Citations: D22, L25, L66].
Dioxaborin Compounds with Terminal Carbazole Groups: Enhancing Electron Acceptor in Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Kobayashi Hironori , Izawa Seiichiro , Kitamura Chitoshi , Hiramoto Masahiro , Ono Katsuhiko 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThree donor−acceptor−donor dioxaborin compounds containing carbazoles as the terminal electron donor groups were synthesized. Their electronic and photovoltaic properties were compared with those of an analog with terminal triphenylamine groups. The HOMO and LUMO levels of the N‐phenylcarbazole derivative were 0.3 and 0.1 eV lower, respectively, than those of the triphenylamine analog. During the evaluation of organic photovoltaic characteristics, the N‐phenylcarbazole derivative exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.06 % when combined with a conducting polymer (PTB7‐Th). Contrarily, the triphenylamine analog exhibited a PCE of 2.85 % when combined with a fullerene acceptor (PC61BM). The results showed that the N‐phenylcarbazole and triphenylamine derivatives functioned as electron acceptor and donor materials, respectively. The conversion from the electron donor to the acceptor was achieved via a slight change in the structure of the terminal donor groups of the dioxaborin compounds. This study will prove valuable for the development of nonfullerene acceptors.
Passive acoustic monitoring using smartphones reveals an alarming gibbon decline in a protected area in the central Annamite Mountains, Vietnam
Authors: Vu Thinh T. , Doherty Paul F. , T. Nguyen Hoa , Clink Dena J. , Nguyen Manh D. , Dong Hai T. , Cheyne Susan M. , Giang Toan T. , Phan Dai V. , Ta Nga T. , Tran Dung V. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMonitoring populations is critical for understanding how they respond to anthropogenic disturbance and for management of protected areas. The use of passive acoustic monitoring can improve monitoring efforts as it allows for collection of data on vocal animals at spatial and temporal scales that are difficult using only human observers. In this study, we used a multiseason occupancy model to monitor occurrence, apparent extinction, and colonization probabilities of a northern yellow‐cheeked gibbon, Nomascus annamensis population with acoustic data collected from mobile smartphones in Dakrong Nature Reserve, Vietnam. Forty‐five sites were randomly selected for repeated surveys in 2019 and 2022. At each site, a mobile smartphone was attached to a tree and recorded sounds for 4.2 days and 3.89 days on average, in 2019 and 2022, respectively. We manually annotated spectrograms for the presence of gibbon calls, and we detected gibbons at 24 and 12 recording posts in 2019 and 2022, respectively. Estimated local apparent extinction from occupancy models was high with 67% of occupied sites in 2019 becoming unoccupied in 2022. Apparent colonization was low with ~25% of unoccupied sites in 2019 becoming occupied in 2022. As a result, the apparent occurrence probability declined from 0.58 in 2019 to 0.30 in 2022. If the absence of calls indicates that cells are unoccupied this would mean an alarming decline of the gibbon population in the nature reserve. We suggest that in the areas with high hunting pressure, monitoring intervals should be shortened to at least yearly. In addition, urgent actions, such as patrolling, or gun confiscation, should be implemented to conserve the gibbon populations in Dakrong Nature Reserve and other protected areas with the same management context.
Copper‐Catalyzed Aryne Insertion into the Carbon‐Iodine Bond of Heteroaryl Iodides
Authors: Cao Wen‐Xuan , Zhu Lei , He Yiyi , Wang Run , Liu Ming , Ouyang Qin , Xiao Qing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAryne insertions into the carbon‐iodine bond of heteroaryl iodides has been achieved for the first time. This novel reaction provides an efficient pathway for the synthesis of valuable building blocks 2‐iodoheterobiaryls from heteroaryl iodides and o‐silylaryl triflates in excellent regioselectivity. The copper(I) catalyst, which bears a N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand, is essential to accomplish the reaction. Control reactions and DFT calculations indicate that the coordination of copper, as a Lewis acid, with nitrogen atoms of heteroaryl iodides mediates the insertion of arynes into heteroaryl carbon‐iodine bonds.
Enhanced ablation resistance of carbon/phenolic composites based on mesophase pitch reinforced particles
Authors: Yue Yaoqun , Huang Yisen , Zou Huawei , Chen Yang , Liang Mei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPhenolic resin (PR)‐based composites are the main materials used in thermal protection system (TPS) at present. However, the low graphitization degree of the char layer formed by PR easily leads to cracks and other defects. In this study, carbon/phenolic composites were modified by mesophase pitch (MP) to improve the structural strength, fracture toughness and crack propagation resistance. The ablation rate was significantly decreased after MP modification compared with the blank sample. With the increase of MP, the size of cracks and char blocks on the ablation center of the composites were reduced, and the surface was flat and dense. The Interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of carbonized composites (5 wt% MP) were 9.79 MPa, and the flexural strength was 121.5 MPa, which improved 62.9% and 40.8% relative to the pure sample. The flexural strength of 5 wt% MP‐reinforced carbon/phenolic composites reached 525.6 MPa, which was 26.9% higher than that of pure carbon/phenolic composites, mainly due to the particle reinforcement effect of MP distributed between carbon fibers. The above results show that the carbon/phenolic composites modified by MP has great application prospects in the field of aircraft thermal protection.
Effect of mesophase pitch/polyacrylonitrile mixture as the core‐layer on the interphase region structure of coaxial polyacrylonitrile/mesophase pitch composite fibers
Authors: Zhou Zhengyu , Zhang Ke , Xu Lianghua , Liu Yutao , Li Changqing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCoaxial composite fibers with a cortex of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and a core layer of mesophase pitch (MP) and PAN have been prepared by the wet spinning method, formed in a mixed solution of N,N‐dimethylformamide and deionized water to optimize the composition of the core‐layer mixture. The XRD curves of the PAN/MP coaxial composite fibers only showed the crystalline and amorphous diffraction peaks of PAN. With increasing MP mass fraction in the mixed PAN/MP solution, the crystallinity of the coaxial composite fiber gradually decreased from 27.95% to 26.21%, because MP intermixed between the PAN macromolecules, weakening the interaction between the PAN molecular chains. In the core layer of the coaxial composite fibers, spherical MP particles were dispersed in the network structure of PAN. Different proportions of PAN/MP mixed solution will result in different core structure. The coaxial composite fiber consisted of a core layer with a low gray value, a transition layer with increasing gray value, and a cortex with a high gray value. From the core layer to the cortex, taking Group C as an example, the C content gradually decreased from 68.64% to 61.23% and the N content gradually increased from 13.68% to 22.19%, which was consistent with the gradual decrease of the MP content and the gradual increase of the PAN content. Gray‐value analysis, micro‐region EDS, and SEM showed that a transition layer structure formed at the junction of the cortex and core layer. The size and amplitude of the transition layer were related to the viscosity of the mixed PAN/MP solution, and high MP content in the mixed PAN/MP solution was conducive to formation of a stable and good interface structure.
Evaluation of shape memory effect in PLA/copolymers blends
Authors: da Cunha Rafael Braga , Cavalcanti Shirley Nóbrega , Agrawal Pankaj , de Figueiredo Brito Gustavo , de Mélo Tomás Jeferson Alves 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this work, polylactic acid (PLA)/copolymer blends were prepared by melt blending. Ethylene‐glycidyl methacrylate (E‐GMA) and ethylene‐butyl acrylate‐maleic anhydride (EBA‐MAH) functional block copolymers were used. A ternary blend of PLA/E‐GMA/EBA‐MAH was also studied. FTIR analyses evidenced the occurrence of reactive compatibilization of E‐GMA and EBA‐MAH with PLA in the binary blends due to the reactivity of the GMA and MAH functional groups with the terminal hydroxyl and carboxyl groups of PLA. Rheological measurements evidenced the occurrence of cross‐link reactions between E‐GMA and EBA‐MAH copolymers in the ternary blend. Three distinct morphologies were observed in the blends: PLA/E‐GMA exhibited a sea‐island structure, PLA/EBA‐MAH exhibited a co‐continuous structure, and PLA/E‐GMA/EBA‐MAH exhibited a semi‐interpenetrating polymer network (SIPN) structure. The shape memory effect (SME) of PLA and PLA/copolymers blends was evaluated by three different methods: fold‐deploy, tension, and torsion. Fold‐deploy tests were conducted in a water bath, whereas the tension and torsion tests were conducted using a rheometer. All methods proved to be effective; however, some precautions must be taken to choose the most suitable test for a given purpose, which is thoroughly discussed in this work. The SME of PLA was enhanced through the incorporation of the copolymers. Blending PLA with E‐GMA, EBA‐MAH, and E‐GMA/EBA‐MAH copolymers increased its shape recovery from 32% to 84%, 79.2%, and 80%, respectively, while its shape fixity remained around 100%.
Fashioning hate: Driving the runway of desire
Authors: Goldenberg David , Brown Patrick Viersen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSexist and homophobic attitudes are an individual's expression of the dominant sociocultural position which endorses sexism and anti‐homosexuality. We contend that misogyny and homophobia are pathological symptoms representing the internalization of these malignant social values. First, we explain that homosexuality (and other non‐binary identities), though previously experiencing widespread condemnation, are not and never were mental disorders. Instead, it is homophobia ‐ the fear of homosexuality—that reflects psychopathology and, ultimately, prejudice. We argue that these beliefs, in both straight and gay men, are related to fear and anxiety about one's own projected and gendered aggression. We maintain that they reflect the unsuccessful and incomplete resolution of the normative conflicts met during gender identity development. Essential to all healthy gender identity development is the childhood experience of attuned and accepting mirroring of the child by the parents and the culture. Without this regular experience of mutuality, recognition, and approval, especially regarding their most basic gender identity, children who are at risk develop ego‐syntonic misogynistic and homophobic beliefs. We include a case illustration of a gay‐identified man who was wounded and traumatized by homophobia and uses the concept and experience of homophobia as a defense.