bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
490. SIGNIFICANCE OF NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION USING GLIM CRITERIA IN PATIENTS WITH ESOPHAGEAL CANCER
Authors: Ogata Takashi , Kanematsu Kyohei , Tanabe Mie , Onuma Shizune , Morita Junya , Nagasawa Shinsuke , Yamada Takanobu , Oshima Takashi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Patients with advanced esophageal cancer may have dysphagia and weight loss from the first visit, and it is necessary to evaluate their nutritional status before starting treatment, especially for preoperative patients. On the other hand, since 2018, the global diagnostic criteria for malnutrition, the GLIM criteria, have been proposed to define malnutrition and its severity.

Purpose
The aim of the study is to examine the impact of malnutrition severity assessment using the GLIM criteria at the time of first visit in patients with advanced esophageal cancer on short-term prognosis (length of hospital stay after surgery) and long-term prognosis (presence or absence of recurrence, OS) in patients undergoing surgery for esophageal cancer.

Method
From 2011 to 2018, 197 advanced esophageal cancer patients have undergone esophagectomy, and we examined the distribution of malnutrition at the first visit of these patients. Based on the GLIM criteria, low BMI in Asians (&lt;18.5: less than 70 years old, &lt;20: over 70 years old) is defined as malnutrition, and moderate malnutrition and severe malnutrition are defined according to the weight loss rate.

Result
42 patients (21.3%) were judged to be malnourished according to the GLIM criteria at the first visit. 23 patients were judged moderately malnourished, and 19 patients were judged severely malnourished. There was no significant difference in postoperative length of hospital stay between the normal nutrition group and the malnutrition group, regardless of the severity of the disease. There was no significant difference in recurrence, but the severely undernourished group had a significantly high rate of recurrences (p &lt; 0.01). Regarding prognosis, the 3-year survival rate tended to be slightly lower in the malnutrition group (p = 0.081), but the 3-year survival rate was significantly lower in the severely malnutrition group (p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
In patients with advanced esophageal cancer, the severe malnutrition group in the GLIM criteria at the time of the first visit was considered to have a poor long-term prognosis, although the short-term prognosis was similar to that of the eutrophic group. Currently, in Japan, NAC is usually performed for operable advanced esophageal cancer, so in the future, we plan to focus on improving the nutritional status from the beginning of NAC to surgery.
The Ga1 locus of the genus Zea is associated with novel genome structures derived from multiple, independent nonhomologous recombination events
Authors: Bapat Amruta R , Moran Lauter Adrienne N , Hufford Matthew B , Boerman Nicholas A , Scott M Paul 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The Ga1 locus controls cross-incompatibility between field corn and popcorn. The Ga1-S haplotype contains 2 types of pectin methylesterase (PME) genes, ZmPme3 and several copies of ZmGa1P that are expressed in silk and pollen, respectively. The ga1 haplotype contains nonfunctional tandem repeat sequences related to ZmPme3 and ZmGa1P. This haplotype can cross-pollinate freely and is widely present in field corn. The primary objective of this study is to characterize the repeat sequences from a diverse collection of maize and teosinte lines and use this information to understand the evolution of the Ga1 locus. First, we characterized the complexity of the Ga1 genome region in high-quality maize genome assemblies that led to their categorization into 5 groups based on the number and type of PME-like sequences found at this region. Second, we studied duplication events that led to the ga1 and Ga1-S repeats using maximum likelihood phylogenetic reconstruction. Divergence estimates of the ga1 haplotype suggest that the duplication events occurred more than 600 KYA whereas those in Ga1-S occurred at 3 time points, i.e. &gt;600, ∼260, and ∼100 KYA. These estimates suggest that the ga1 and Ga1-S tandem duplication events occurred independently. Finally, analysis of ZmPme3 and ZmGa1P homologs in Zea and Tripsacum genomes suggests that ga1 and Ga1-S repeats originated from an ancestral pair of PME genes that duplicated and diverged through 2 evolutionary branches prior to the domestication of maize.
“We’re Not Patients. We’re Inmates”: Older Black Women’s Experience of Aging, Health, and Illness During and After Incarceration
Authors: James Jennifer Elyse 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The incarcerated population is growing older and by the year 2030, more than one third of people incarcerated in the United States will be over the age of 55. This population shift will have a profound impact on correctional health care systems as older incarcerated people often have multiple chronic illnesses and correctional institutions were not designed with aging and disability in mind. Black women experience greater burdens of comorbid conditions and are disproportionately represented among incarcerated women.

Research Design and Methods
We utilized Black Feminist Epistemological Methodology to explore the intersection of aging, chronic illness, and mass incarceration via in-depth interviews with 13 formerly incarcerated older Black women.

Results
First, participants described needing to prove themselves to be trustworthy prior to becoming ill in order to be believed and granted access to care when they report symptoms. Next, participants report being treated, not as patients, but as “inmates.” The punitive nature of prison health care disrupted the patient–provider relationship and complicated the ability of patients to maintain autonomy in health care interactions. Finally, I describe how carceral health extends beyond the walls of both the clinic and the institution.

Discussion and Implications
For older Black women, medical care and decision making inside prisons occur within a punitive context, which presents unique barriers when seeking care. Their experiences of health and illness while incarcerated may continue to influence if and how they seek care as they age in the community and thus must be interrogated when discussing aging in the Black community.
Understanding communication in community engagement for maternal and newborn health programmes in low- and middle-income countries: a realist review
Authors: Dada Sara , Aivalli Praveenkumar , De Brún Aoife , Barreix Maria , Chelwa Nachela , Mutunga Zaccheous , Vwalika Bellington , Gilmore Brynne 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
As community engagement (CE) is implemented for sustainable maternal and newborn health (MNH) programming, it is important to determine how these approaches work. Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have become a particular focus for MNH CE activities due to their high burden of maternal and neonatal deaths. MNH messaging and communication to engage communities are likely to differ by context, but how these approaches are actually developed and implemented within CE is not well understood. Understanding how communications in CE actually work is vital in the translation of learnings across programmes and to inform future projects. The purpose of this realist review is to describe how, why, to what extent and for whom communications in CE contribute to MNH programming in LMICs. After searching academic databases, grey literature and literature suggested by the expert advisory committee, documents were included if they described the CE communication processes/activities used for MNH programming in an LMIC. Relevant documents were assessed for richness (depth of insight) and rigor (trustworthiness and coherence of data/theories). Data were extracted as context–mechanism–outcome configurations (CMOCs) and synthesized into demi-regularities to contribute to theory refinement. After screening 416 records, 45 CMOCs were extracted from 11 documents. This informed five programme theories explaining that communications in CE for an MNH programme work when: communities are actively involved throughout the programme, the messaging and programme are acceptable, communication sources are trusted, the community has a reciprocal relationship with the programme and the community sees value in the programme. While these findings reflect what is often anecdotally known in CE or acknowledged in communications theory, they have implications for policy, practice and research by highlighting the importance of centring the community’s needs and priorities throughout the stages of developing and implementing communications for CE in MNH.
Relationship Between Rectal Swab and Tissue Samples in Mucosa-associated Microbiota in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Liu Tsunglin , Lin Cheng-Han , Chen Yi-Lin , Yeh Chien-Cheng , Chiou Yuan-Yow , Wang Jiu-Yao , Lee Chung-Ta , Lee Kuo-Ting , Shiau Ai-Li , Wu Chao-Liang , Chen Chien-Chin , Kang Jui-Wen , Chen Po-Jun , Kuo Hsin-Yu , Yang Er-Hsiang , Chuang Chiao-Hsiung 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Gut mucosa-associated microbiota is more closely correlated with disease phenotypes than fecal microbiota; however sampling via tissue biopsy is more invasive and uncomfortable. Rectal swab may be a suitable substitute for tissue biopsy, but its effectiveness is controversial. This study aimed to evaluate differences in the microbiota at these sites in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods
Inflammatory bowel disease patients and a control group were enrolled when surveillance colonoscopy was scheduled. Samples of colon biopsy tissues, rectal swabs during colonoscopy, and feces before bowel preparation were collected to analyze microbial composition. To explore the short-term effects of bowel preparation on swab microbiota, prepreparation swab samples were also collected from 27 IBD patients.

Results
A total of 33 Crohn’s disease, 54 ulcerative colitis, and 21 non-IBD patients were enrolled. In beta diversity analysis, fecal microbiota clearly differed from swab and tissue microbiota in the 3 disease groups. The swab microbiota was closer to, but still different from, the tissue microbiota. Consistently, we identified that swab samples differed more in abundant genera from feces than from tissue. Beta diversity analysis did not reveal a difference in swab microbiota before and after bowel preparation, but the genus composition of most individuals varied markedly.

Conclusions
Swab microbiota more closely resembled tissue microbiota relative to fecal microbiota, but there were still differences. Bowel preparation did not alter the overall swab microbiota in the short term but markedly changed the microbial composition in most patients.
Pooling Different Placebos as a Control Group in a Randomized Platform Trial: Benefits and Challenges From Experience in the ACTIV-2 COVID-19 Trial
Authors: Moser Carlee B , Chew Kara W , Ritz Justin , Newell Matthew , Javan Arzhang Cyrus , Eron Joseph J , Daar Eric S , Wohl David A , Currier Judith S , Smith Davey M , Hughes Michael D ,   for the ACTIV-2/A5401 Study Team, Hosey Lara , Roa Jhoanna , Patel Nilam , Aldrovandi Grace , Murtaugh William , Cooper Marlene , Gutzman Howard , Knowles Kevin , Bowman Rachel , Giganti Mark , Erhardt Bill , Adams Stacey 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Adaptive platform trials were implemented during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to rapidly evaluate therapeutics, including the placebo-controlled phase 2/3 ACTIV-2 trial, which studied 7 investigational agents with diverse routes of administration. For each agent, safety and efficacy outcomes were compared to a pooled placebo control group, which included participants who received a placebo for that agent or for other agents in concurrent evaluation. A 2-step randomization framework was implemented to facilitate this. Over the study duration, the pooled placebo design achieved a reduction in sample size of 6% versus a trial involving distinct placebo control groups for evaluating each agent. However, a 26% reduction was achieved during the period when multiple agents were in parallel phase 2 evaluation. We discuss some of the complexities implementing the pooled placebo design versus a design involving nonoverlapping control groups, with the aim of informing the design of future platform trials.
Clinical Trials Registration. NCT04518410.
Variant-Specific Viral Kinetics in Acute COVID-19
Authors: Ribeiro Ruy M , Choudhary Manish C , Deo Rinki , Giganti Mark J , Moser Carlee , Ritz Justin , Greninger Alexander L , Regan James , Flynn James P , Wohl David A , Currier Judith S , Eron Joseph J , Hughes Michael D , Smith Davey M , Chew Kara W , Daar Eric S , Perelson Alan S , Li Jonathan Z ,   for the ACTIV-2/A5401 Study Team, Hosey Lara , Roa Jhoanna , Patel Nilam , Aldrovandi Grace , Murtaugh William , Science Frontier , Cooper Marlene , Gutzman Howard , Knowles Kevin , Bowman Rachel , Erhardt Bill , Adams Stacey 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Understanding variant-specific differences in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral kinetics may explain differences in transmission efficiency and provide insights on pathogenesis and prevention. We evaluated SARS-CoV-2 kinetics from nasal swabs across multiple variants (Alpha, Delta, Epsilon, Gamma) in placebo recipients of the ACTIV-2/A5401 trial. Delta variant infection led to the highest maximum viral load and shortest time from symptom onset to viral load peak. There were no significant differences in time to viral clearance across the variants. Viral decline was biphasic with first- and second-phase decays having half-lives of 11 hours and 2.5 days, respectively, with differences among variants, especially in the second phase. These results suggest that while variant-specific differences in viral kinetics exist, post–peak viral load all variants appeared to be efficiently cleared by the host.
Clinical Trials Registration. NCT04518410.
Dichotomous roles of RIPK3 in regulating the IFN response and NLRP3 inflammasome in human monocytes
Authors: Yang Chao , Yuan Ruoxi , Brauner Caroline , Du Yong , Ah Kioon Marie Dominique , Barrat Franck J , Ivashkiv Lionel B 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Regulation of the profile and magnitude of toll-like receptor (TLR) responses is important for effective host defense against infections while minimizing inflammatory toxicity. The chemokine CXCL4 regulates the TLR8 response to amplify inflammatory gene and inflammasome activation while attenuating the interferon (IFN) response in primary monocytes. In this study, we describe an unexpected role for the kinase RIPK3 in suppressing the CXCL4 + TLR8–induced IFN response and providing signal 2 to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome and interleukin (IL)-1 production in primary human monocytes. RIPK3 also amplifies induction of inflammatory genes such as TNF, IL6, and IL1B while suppressing IL12B. Mechanistically, RIPK3 inhibits STAT1 activation and activates PI3K-Akt–dependent and XBP1- and NRF2-mediated stress responses to regulate downstream genes in a dichotomous manner. These findings identify new functions for RIPK3 in modulating TLR responses and provide potential mechanisms by which RIPK3 plays roles in inflammatory diseases and suggest targeting RIPK3 and XBP1- and NRF2-mediated stress responses as therapeutic strategies to suppress inflammation while preserving the IFN response for host defense.
Mitochondria-induced formation of neutrophil extracellular traps is enhanced in the elderly via Toll-like receptor 9
Authors: Pastorek Michal , Konečná Barbora , Janko Jakub , Janovičová Ľubica , Podracká Ľudmila , Záhumenský Jozef , Šteňová Emöke , Dúbrava Martin , Hodosy Július , Vlková Barbora , Celec Peter 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps are potent antimicrobial weapons; however, their formation during sterile inflammation is detrimental, and the mechanism of induction is still unclear. Since advanced age is the primary clinical risk factor for poor outcomes in inflammatory diseases, we hypothesized that sterile stimuli, represented by mitochondria, would induce neutrophil extracellular trap formation in an age-dependent manner. Therefore, we analyzed induction of neutrophil extracellular traps in patients grouped according to age or immune status and observed that neutrophils from elderly patients responded to the presence of mitochondria with enhanced neutrophil extracellular trap formation. These neutrophil extracellular traps were also found to be more oxidized and exhibited higher resistance to DNase I degradation. Additionally, a higher concentration of residual neutrophil extracellular traps was detected in the plasma of the elderly. This plasma was capable of priming neutrophils through TLR9-mediated signaling, leading to further neutrophil extracellular trap formation, which was successfully inhibited with chloroquine. Finally, in a mouse model of mitochondria-induced acute lung injury, we observed that neutrophils from aged mice displayed impaired chemotactic activity but exhibited a trend of higher neutrophil extracellular trap formation. Thus, we propose that residual neutrophil extracellular traps circulating in the elderly preactivate neutrophils, making them more prone to enhanced neutrophil extracellular trap formation when exposed to mitochondria during sterile inflammation. Further investigation is needed to determine whether this vicious circle could be a suitable therapeutic target.
The potential invasion into North America and Europe by non-native mosquito, Aedes koreicus (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Seok Sangwoo , Kim Zhonghyun , Nguyen Valerie T , Lee Yoosook 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Aedes koreicus (Edward, 1917) (Diptera: Culicidae), a mosquito species native to East Asia, has spread to parts of Europe and Central Asia since 2008. The species shares ecological characteristics with Aedes japonicus (Theobald, 1901) (Diptera: Culicidae), which has already successfully invaded and established in North America and Europe. Given these similarities, it is plausible that Ae. koreicus may also invade North America in the future. However, the invasion of Ae. koreicus may be masked or have delayed detection due to their similar morphologies with Ae. japonicus. This study highlights the potential risks of invasion of Ae. koreicus into North America, especially in the northeastern United States, and for further expansion in Europe. We used the maximum entropy model to identify areas with a high likelihood of presence in North America and Europe using comprehensive occurrence records from East Asia, Central Asia, and Europe. We have identified 15 additional countries in Europe and 7 states in the United States that will likely have suitable environments for Ae. koreicus. Additionally, we reviewed the morphological characteristics of Ae. koreicus and Ae. japonicus and provided morphological keys to distinguish the 2 species. Morphological results contradicting previous studies suggested that finding the origin by morphological comparison between Ae. koreicus populations may need re-evaluation. The information presented here will be useful for researchers and public health professionals in high-risk areas to be informed about morphological characteristics to distinguish Ae. koreicus from similar-looking Ae. japonicus. These tools will allow more careful monitoring of the potential introduction of this highly invasive species.
Undocumented Bordering Practices: Protagonism and Spaces of Making
Authors: Biorklund Linn 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Borders are at the centre of everyday lives, often with gendered and violent outcomes exacerbating harm across space and time. The feminization of waiting is embedded in the power structures of borders. Yet, feminized waiting in the context of displacement can also be a necessary pre-condition for generating affective geographies of making, and transformative spaces of solidarity and contestation across borders. This paper draws on ethnographic and feminist participatory action research carried out in southern Mexico to document bordering practices ‘from below’, Undocumented Bordering Practices performed by women from Central America experiencing waiting in the Mexico–Guatemala borderlands. I expand the definitions of bordering and refugee protection by centring on women’s protagonism (self-authorship) and collective acts of making (art, food, and spaces of care) as they wait. I illustrate three processes of making while waiting: The making of a ‘mural-on-the-move’, a newsletter titled Breaking Barriers: When women migrate, life migrates, and intimate geopolitics of making and sharing food in borderlands.
Characterizing Two New Henneguya Species in the Respiratory Organs of African Sharptooth Catfish
Authors: Emeish Walaa F A , Fawaz Marwa M , Hussein Nermean M , Al-Amgad Zeinab , Abd-ElHafeez Hanan H , Rutland Catrin Sian , Bakry Karima A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Henneguya species are myxozoans, a suborder of Cnidaria, which can affect the gills and extrarespiratory organs of the African sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus. This research describes natural infection-induced histological alterations caused by the Henneguya species present. The Henneguya species were also identified molecularly using DNA sequenced from infected tissue cysts, and phylogenetically analyzed. Clinical investigations revealed cyst-like nodules on the fish gill filaments and extrarespiratory organs. Within a milky fluid inside the cysts were several Henneguya-like spores. Henneguya sp. infested 27.5% of the fish, with the highest prevalence in the gills compared to the extrarespiratory organs. The Henneguya species parasitized the gill and the dendritic tissues, resulting in histopathological characteristics. The plasmodia's developmental stages resulted in destructive damage which manifested as marked necrosis, which was replaced by a focal aggregation of inflammatory cells. Amplification of the 18S ribosomal DNA from the fish parasites was followed by sequencing, which confirmed their identities as new species Henneguya qenabranchiae n. sp. and Henneguya qenasuprabranchiae n. sp. with 99.53 and 99.64% identities, respectively, to Henneguya sp. 1 HS-2015. The two C. gariepinus myxozoans shared some characteristics based on morphologic and phylogenetic analysis as previously published, where it was proposed that they were a sister lineage to Henneguya species in Egypt, and it is now proposed that they are new species.
Asteroseismology of δ Scuti stars: emulating model grids using a neural network
Authors: Scutt Owen J , Murphy Simon J , Nielsen Martin B , Davies Guy R , Bedding Timothy R , Lyttle Alexander J 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Young δ Scuti (Sct) stars have proven to be valuable asteroseismic targets, but obtaining robust uncertainties on their inferred properties is challenging. We aim to quantify the random uncertainties in grid-based modelling of δ Sct stars. We apply Bayesian inference using nested sampling and a neural network emulator of stellar models, testing our method on both simulated and real stars. Based on results from simulated stars, we demonstrate that our method can recover plausible posterior probability density estimates while accounting for both the random uncertainty from the observations and neural network emulation. We find that the posterior distributions of the fundamental parameters can be significantly non-Gaussian and multimodal, and have strong covariance. We conclude that our method reliably estimates the random uncertainty in the modelling of δ Sct stars and paves the way for the investigation and quantification of the systematic uncertainty.