bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the homogeneity of SnIa absolute magnitude in the Pantheon+ sample
Authors: Perivolaropoulos Leandros , Skara Foteini 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
We have analysed the Pantheon+ sample using a new likelihood model that replaces the single Type Ia supernovae (SnIa) absolute magnitude parameter M used in the standard likelihood model of Brout et. al. with two absolute magnitude parameters (M&lt; and M&gt;) and a transition distance (dcrit) that determines the distance at which M changes from M&lt; to M&gt;. The use of this likelihood dramatically changes the quality of fit to the Pantheon+ sample for a Lambda cold dark matter background by Δχ2 = −19.6. The tension between the M&lt; and M&gt; best-fitting values is at a level more than 3σ with a best-fitting dcrit very close to $20\, \mathrm{Mpc}$. The origin of this improvement of fit and M&lt;–M&gt; tension is that the new likelihood model successfully models two signals hidden in the data: (1) the volumetric redshift scatter bias systematic and (2) a mild signal for a change of intrinsic SnIa luminosity at about $20\, \mathrm{Mpc}$. This interpretation of the results is confirmed by truncating the z &lt; 0.01 Hubble diagram data from the Pantheon+ data where the above systematic is dominant and showing that the M&lt;–M&gt; tension decreases from above 3σ to a little less than 2σ. It is also confirmed by performing a Monte Carlo simulation, which shows that the maximum significance of the SnIa luminosity transition ($\Sigma \equiv \frac{|M_{\gt} -M_{\lt} |}{\sqrt{\sigma _{M_{\gt} }^2+\sigma _{M_{\lt} }^2}}$) as obtained from the real SH0ES data is larger than the corresponding maximum significance of $94{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the corresponding homogeneous simulated samples.
Simulations of triple microlensing events I: detectability of a scaled Sun–Jupiter–Saturn system
Authors: Kuang Renkun , Zang Weicheng , Mao Shude , Zhang Jiyuan , Jiang Haochang 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTUp to date, only 13 firmly established triple microlensing events have been discovered, so the occurrence rates of microlensing two-planet systems and planets in binary systems are still uncertain. With the upcoming space-based microlensing surveys, hundreds of triple microlensing events will be detected. To provide clues for future observations and statistical analyses, we initiate a project to investigate the detectability of triple-lens systems with different configurations and observational set-ups. As the first step, in this work we develop the simulation software and investigate the detectability of a scaled Sun–Jupiter–Saturn system with the recently proposed telescope for microlensing observations on the ‘Earth 2.0 (ET)’ satellite. With the same Δχ2 thresholds of detecting a single planet and two planets, we find that the detectability of the scaled Sun-Jupiter-Saturn analogue is about 1 per cent and the presence of the Jovian planet suppresses the detectability of the Saturn-like planet by ∼13 per cent regardless of the adopted detection Δχ2 threshold. This suppression probability could be at the same level as the Poisson noise of future space-based statistical samples of triple-lenses, so it is inappropriate to treat each planet separately during detection efficiency calculations.
The redshift evolution of the S0 fraction for z &lt; 1 in COSMOS
Authors: Cavanagh Mitchell K , Bekki Kenji , Groves Brent A 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Lenticular (S0) galaxies are galaxies that exhibit a bulge and disc component, yet lack any clear spiral features. With features considered intermediary between spirals and ellipticals, S0s have been proposed to be a transitional morphology, however their exact origin and nature is still debated. In this work, we study the redshift evolution of the S0 fraction out to z ∼ 1 using deep learning to classify F814W (i band) Hubble Space Telescope-Advanced Camera for Surveys (HST-ACS) images of 85 378 galaxies in the Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS). We classify galaxies into four morphological categories: elliptical (E), S0, spiral (Sp), and irregular/miscellaneous (IrrM). Our deep learning models, initially trained to classify Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) images with known morphologies, have been successfully adapted to classify high-redshift COSMOS images via transfer learning and data augmentation, enabling us to classify S0s with superior accuracy. We find that there is an increase in the fraction of S0 galaxies with decreasing redshift, along with a corresponding reduction in the fraction of spirals. We find a bimodality in the mass distribution of our classified S0s, from which we find two separate S0s populations: high-mass S0s, which are mostly red and quiescent; and low-mass S0s, which are generally bluer and include both passive and star-forming S0s, the latter of which cannot solely be explained via the faded spiral formation pathway. We also find that the S0 fraction in high-mass galaxies begins rising at higher z than in low-mass galaxies, implying that high-mass S0s evolved earlier.
Systematic identification of factors involved in the silencing of germline genes in mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Al Adhami Hala , Vallet Judith , Schaal Celia , Schumacher Paul , Bardet Anaïs Flore , Dumas Michael , Chicher Johana , Hammann Philippe , Daujat Sylvain , Weber Michael 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In mammals, many germline genes are epigenetically repressed to prevent their illegitimate expression in somatic cells. To advance our understanding of the mechanisms restricting the expression of germline genes, we analyzed their chromatin signature and performed a CRISPR-Cas9 knock-out screen for genes involved in germline gene repression using a Dazl-GFP reporter system in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). We show that the repression of germline genes mainly depends on the polycomb complex PRC1.6 and DNA methylation, which function additively in mESCs. Furthermore, we validated novel genes involved in the repression of germline genes and characterized three of them: Usp7, Shfm1 (also known as Sem1) and Erh. Inactivation of Usp7, Shfm1 or Erh led to the upregulation of germline genes, as well as retrotransposons for Shfm1, in mESCs. Mechanistically, USP7 interacts with PRC1.6 components, promotes PRC1.6 stability and presence at germline genes, and facilitates DNA methylation deposition at germline gene promoters for long term repression. Our study provides a global view of the mechanisms and novel factors required for silencing germline genes in embryonic stem cells.
Genomic targets of the IRE1-XBP1s pathway in mediating metabolic adaptation in epithelial plasticity
Authors: Qiao Dianhua , Skibba Melissa , Xu Xiaofang , Brasier Allan R 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Epithelial mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) is a complex cellular reprogramming event that plays a major role in tissue homeostasis. Recently we observed the unfolded protein response (UPR) triggers EMP through the inositol-requiring protein 1 (IRE1α)–X-box-binding protein 1 spliced (XBP1s) axis, enhancing glucose shunting to protein N glycosylation. To better understand the genomic targets of XBP1s, we identified its genomic targets using Cleavage Under Targets and Release Using Nuclease (CUT&RUN) of a FLAG-epitope tagged XBP1s in RSV infection. CUT&RUN identified 7086 binding sites in chromatin that were enriched in AP-1 motifs and GC-sequences. Of these binding sites, XBP1s peaks mapped to 4827 genes controlling Rho-GTPase signaling, N-linked glycosylation and ER-Golgi transport. Strikingly, XBP1s peaks were within 1 kb of transcription start sites of 2119 promoters. In addition to binding core mesenchymal transcription factors SNAI1 and ZEB1, we observed that hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) enzymes were induced and contained proximal XBP1s peaks. We demonstrate that IRE1α -XBP1s signaling is necessary and sufficient to activate core enzymes by recruiting elongation-competent phospho-Ser2 CTD modified RNA Pol II. We conclude that the IRE1α-XBP1s pathway coordinately regulates mesenchymal transcription factors and hexosamine biosynthesis in EMP by a mechanism involving recruitment of activated pSer2-Pol II to GC-rich promoters
Counteracting lineage-specific transcription factor network finely tunes lung adeno-to-squamous transdifferentiation through remodeling tumor immune microenvironment
Authors: Tang Shijie , Xue Yun , Qin Zhen , Fang Zhaoyuan , Sun Yihua , Yuan Chongzhe , Pan Yunjian , Zhao Yue , Tong Xinyuan , Zhang Jian , Huang Hsinyi , Chen Yuting , Hu Liang , Huang Dasong , Wang Ruiqi , Zou Weiguo , Li Yuan , Thomas Roman K , Ventura Andrea , Wong Kwok-Kin , Chen Haiquan , Chen Luonan , Ji Hongbin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Human lung adenosquamous cell carcinoma (LUAS), containing both adenomatous and squamous pathologies, harbors strong plasticity and is significantly associated with poor prognosis. We established an up-to-date comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic landscape of LUAS in 109 Chinese specimens and demonstrated LUAS development via adeno-to-squamous transdifferentiation. Unsupervised transcriptomic clustering and dynamic network biomarker analysis identified an inflammatory subtype as the critical transition stage during LUAS development. Dynamic dysregulation of the counteracting lineage-specific transcription factors (TFs), containing adenomatous TFs NKX2-1 and FOXA2, and squamous TFs TP63 and SOX2, finely tuned the lineage transition via promoting CXCL3/5-mediated neutrophil infiltration. Genomic clustering identified the most malignant subtype featured with STK11-inactivation, and targeting LSD1 through genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition almost eradicated STK11-deficient lung tumors. These data collectively uncover the comprehensive molecular landscape, oncogenic driver spectrum and therapeutic vulnerability of Chinese LUAS.
Lightweight, highly tough and durable YBa2Cu3O7–x superconductor
Authors: Zhang Baoqiang , Zhang Xingyi , Zhou You-He 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
The inherent brittleness and low sustainability of YBa2Cu3O7–x (YBCO) bulk superconductor seriously impede its wide applications. It is a great challenge to achieve toughening of this material and maintain its invariable superconductivity at the same time. Here, we fabricate bulk YBCO composite superconductor with a density of 2.15 g cm−3, which consists of interlocking dual network construction and shows high toughness and durability. The results show that its unit normalized fracture energy at 77 K reaches 638.6 kN m−2, which is ∼14.8 times that of YBCO bulk prepared by the top-seeded melt textured growth (TSMTG) method. Its critical current shows no degradation during the toughening process. Moreover, after 10 000 cycles, the sample does not fracture with the decay of critical current at 4 K of 14.6% whereas the TSMTG sample fractures only after 25 cycles.
Clinico-radiological correlation and prognostic value of baseline chest computed tomography in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Authors: Delestre Florence , Brun Anne-Laure , Thoreau Benjamin , Taillé Camille , Limal Nicolas , Puéchal Xavier , Mouthon Luc , Guillevin Loïc , Revel Marie-Pierre , Terrier Benjamin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objectives
While chest high-resolution CT (HRCT) is correlated to severity and prognosis in asthma, it has not been studied in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). Our objective is to study the prognostic value of baseline HRCT in EGPA patients.

Methods
Retrospective, multicentre observational study in three French hospitals, including EGPA patients with available chest HRCT before any systemic treatment. Two experienced radiologists blinded to clinical data evaluated HRCT images using semi-quantitative scoring. HRCT characteristics were correlated with clinical features and outcome.

Results
Among 46 patients, 38 (82.6%) had abnormal parenchymal findings on HRCT, including bronchial wall thickening (69.6%), mosaic perfusion (63.0%), ground-glass opacities (32.6%), bronchiectasis (30.4%), mucous plugging (21.7%) and consolidations (17.4%). Patients were clustered into three groups depending on HRCT features: ground-glass pattern, i.e. with ground-glass opacities with or without bronchial abnormalities (group 1, 28.3%), bronchial pattern (group 2, 41.3%) and extra-pulmonary pattern with no significant abnormality (group 3, 30.4%). Group 2 showed less frequent cardiac involvement (31.6 vs 46.2 and 42.9% in groups 1 and 3), more frequent positive ANCA (52.6 vs 0.0 and 14.3%) and higher eosinophil count (median 7510 vs 4000 and 4250/mm3). Group 1 showed worse prognosis with more frequent steroid-dependency (58.3 vs 11.1 and 28.6%) and requirement for mepolizumab (25.0 vs 11.1 and 7.1%). Conversely, group 2 showed a better outcome with higher rates of remission (88.9 vs 41.6 and 71.4%).

Conclusion
Chest HRCT at diagnosis of EGPA may have prognostic value and help clinicians better manage these patients.
Spatiotemporal Alterations in Working Memory-Related Beta Band Neuromagnetic Activity of Patients With Schizophrenia On and Off Antipsychotic Medication: Investigation With MEG
Authors: Rubinstein Daniel Y , Eisenberg Daniel P , Carver Frederick W , Holroyd Tom , Apud Jose A , Coppola Richard , Berman Karen F 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
We used the uniquely high combined spatial and temporal resolution of magnetoencephalography to characterize working memory (WM)-related modulation of beta band activity in neuroleptic-free patients with schizophrenia in comparison to a large sample of performance-matched healthy controls. We also tested for effects of antipsychotic medication on identified differences in these same patients.

Study Design
Inpatients with schizophrenia (n = 21) or psychotic disorder not otherwise specified (n = 4) completed N-back and control tasks during magnetoencephalography while on placebo and during antipsychotic medication treatment, in a blinded, randomized, counterbalanced manner. Healthy, performance-matched controls (N = 100) completed the same tasks. WM-related neural activation was estimated as beta band (14–30 Hz) desynchronization throughout the brain in successive 400 ms time windows. Voxel-wise statistical comparisons were performed between controls and patients while off-medication at each time window. Significant clusters resulting from this between-groups analysis were then used as regions-of-interest, the activations of which were compared between on- and off-medication conditions in patients.

Study Results
Controls showed beta-band desynchronization (activation) of a fronto-parietal network immediately preceding correct button press responses–the time associated with WM updating and task execution. Altered activation in medication-free patients occurred largely during this time, in prefrontal, parietal, and visual cortices. Medication altered patients’ neural responses such that the activation time courses in these regions-of-interest more closely resembled those of controls.

Conclusions
These findings demonstrate that WM-related beta band alterations in schizophrenia are time-specific and associated with neural systems targeted by antipsychotic medications. Future studies may investigate this association by examining its potential neurochemical basis.
‘Trust and safety’: exchange, protection and the digital market–fortress in platform capitalism
Authors: Denyer Willis Graham 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
As a space of exchange that transcends historic jurisdictions, the Internet lacks a dominant security provider. This research examines how and why firms in platform capitalism have developed their own method and means of protection. ‘Trust and Safety’ (T&S) is a novel division of labour that has become nearly ubiquitous in the industry, encompassing many of the concerns raised about the influence of technology on politics, society and economy. The making of capitalist exchange online requires a similarly discrete making of protection beyond the state. T&S work ensures that interaction and exchange are sheltered, doing so by curating trust between atomized individuals, and asserting what belongs and what does not. T&S’ centrality to platform capitalism can be explained—in part—by Weber’s notion of the city as market–fortress; a spatialized condition of exchange protection that is foundational for fastening capitalism together and seeking to make it, and inequality, inevitable.
Handling Logical Character Dependency in Phylogenetic Inference: Extensive Performance Testing of Assumptions and Solutions Using Simulated and Empirical Data
Authors: Simões Tiago R , Vernygora Oksana V , de Medeiros Bruno A S , Wright April M 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Logical character dependency is a major conceptual and methodological problem in phylogenetic inference of morphological data sets, as it violates the assumption of character independence that is common to all phylogenetic methods. It is more frequently observed in higher-level phylogenies or in data sets characterizing major evolutionary transitions, as these represent parts of the tree of life where (primary) anatomical characters either originate or disappear entirely. As a result, secondary traits related to these primary characters become “inapplicable” across all sampled taxa in which that character is absent. Various solutions have been explored over the last three decades to handle character dependency, such as alternative character coding schemes and, more recently, new algorithmic implementations. However, the accuracy of the proposed solutions, or the impact of character dependency across distinct optimality criteria, has never been directly tested using standard performance measures. Here, we utilize simple and complex simulated morphological data sets analyzed under different maximum parsimony optimization procedures and Bayesian inference to test the accuracy of various coding and algorithmic solutions to character dependency. This is complemented by empirical analyses using a recoded data set on palaeognathid birds. We find that in small, simulated data sets, absent coding performs better than other popular coding strategies available (contingent and multistate), whereas in more complex simulations (larger data sets controlled for different tree structure and character distribution models) contingent coding is favored more frequently. Under contingent coding, a recently proposed weighting algorithm produces the most accurate results for maximum parsimony. However, Bayesian inference outperforms all parsimony-based solutions to handle character dependency due to fundamental differences in their optimization procedures—a simple alternative that has been long overlooked. Yet, we show that the more primary characters bearing secondary (dependent) traits there are in a data set, the harder it is to estimate the true phylogenetic tree, regardless of the optimality criterion, owing to a considerable expansion of the tree parameter space. [Bayesian inference, character dependency, character coding, distance metrics, morphological phylogenetics, maximum parsimony, performance, phylogenetic accuracy.]
Effectiveness of rational emotive behavior therapy in reducing depression among undergraduate medical students
Authors: Victor-Aigbodion Vera , Eseadi Chiedu , Ardi Zadrian , Sewagegn Abatihun Alehegn , Ololo Kennedy , Abonor Lazarus Bassey , Aloh Henry Egi , Falade Temitope Ayodeji , Effanga Offiong Asuquo 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Studies reporting the incidence of depression among medical students have been on the increase. This research sought to determine whether rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) can be applied to help manage depression in Nigerian undergraduate medical students.

Methods:
A randomized pretest/posttest control group design was used in this study. Ninety medical students with depression participated in the study and were assisted using the REBT depression manual. Using a mixed-model repeated measures analysis of variance, the researchers examined the intervention data.

Results:
The depressive symptoms and its associated irrational beliefs among medical students in the treatment arm were significantly altered by REBT intervention at posttest and this positive outcome was sustained at follow-up in contrast to the control arm.

Conclusion:
REBT intervention significantly improves medical students’ ability to overcome depression and irrational beliefs. Similar studies could be conducted in a variety of academic settings where these students can be found to expand the findings of this study.
Choriocarcinoma masquerading as lumbar spinal tumor: Case report and literature review
Authors: Liu Yitong , Li Chan , Sun Haiyan , Kang Fuli , Zhang Zhenhong , Yue Chen 
Published: February 2023

Rationale:
Choriocarcinoma is a highly invasive gestational trophoblastic neoplasm, usually metastasis to lung and brain, but occurrence of choriocarcinoma following spontaneous abortion presenting as a vertebral tumor is extremely rare, to the best of our knowledge. Because of the poor diagnosis and high malignancy, the low progression-free survival follows up.

Patient concerns:
We here are reporting a case of choriocarcinoma that presented with vertebral tumor induced paralysis of limbs and incontinence of urine.

Diagnosis:
Combined with the childbearing history, high β-human chorionic gonadotrophinin levels, and imaging examination, a clinical diagnosis was made exactly. Till the pathological results after the operation of lumbar spinal canal tumorectomy, the diagnosis was exactly clear.

Interventions:
After performing the laminectomy, the fierce bleeding follows up, just did the temporary limited decompression. Because of the vertebral artery embolization, lumbar spinal canal tumorectomy, spinal canal and root canal decompression, subdural decompression and hematoma removal were performed.

Outcomes:
After performing the operation and chemotherapy timely and positively, the patient lost consciousness and died due to the pulmonary embolism at last.

Lessons:
This is the first case report describing choriocarcinoma with metastases to the spine amongst Chinese population as well. Early metastasis is one of the marked tendencies of choriocarcinoma, but spine metastasis and the related spinal oppressional symptoms were found instead of vaginal bleeding in this case, which is indeed rare.
Coexistence of primary mediastinal MALT lymphoma and multiple myeloma like POEMS syndrome: A case report and literature review
Authors: Yin Shangjin , Zhou Kuangguo , Wang Zhiqiong , Gong Duanhao , Huang Wei 
Published: February 2023

Rationale:
The coexistence of the extranidal marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) of mucosa–associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) and multiple myeloma (MM) is an exceedingly rare situation. The rare situation precludes any evidence-based guidelines for MZL or MM.

Patient concerns and diagnoses:
We presented a unique case of the coexistence of primary mediastinal MALT lymphoma and MM like polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M-protein, skin syndrome.

Interventions and outcomes:
The patient was first diagnosed with polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M-protein, skin syndrome in the department of neurology, then MM in the department of hematology, and the mediastinal MALT simultaneously coexisting with MM was found by biopsy in the department of thoracic surgery. The patient received combination therapy with rituximab and bortezomib followed by lenalidomide maintenance. To understand MZL lymphoma with plasmacytic differentiation better, we analyzed cases of MZL lymphomas with plasma cell neoplasms. Most of these cases were MZL lymphomas with light chain-restricted plasmacytic differentiation. The lymphomas relapsed with plasma cell neoplasms or transformed into plasma cell neoplasms after anti-lymphoma therapy.

Lessons:
The case demonstrated clinical complexity and the importance of the detailed assessment. The case and literature review demonstrated the value of detecting light chain-restricted plasmacytic differentiation for the treatment of MZL lymphoma with rituximab plus lenalidomide or bortezomib.