bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cannabidiol‐associated hepatotoxicity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lo Lindsay A. , Christiansen April , Eadie Lauren , Strickland Justin C. , Kim David D. , Boivin Michael , Barr Alasdair M. , MacCallum Caroline A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundFindings of liver enzyme elevations in recent cannabidiol studies have raised concerns over liver safety. This study aimed to determine the association between cannabidiol use, liver enzyme elevation, and drug‐induced liver injury (DILI).MethodsIn this systematic review and meta‐analysis, a search of EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, Clinicaltrials.gov, Medline, medRxiv, and Web of Science of records up to February 2022 was conducted. Clinical trials initiating daily cannabidiol treatment with serial liver enzyme measures were included. The proportion of liver enzyme elevations and DILI were independently extracted from published reports. Pooled proportions and probability meta‐analyses were conducted.ResultsCannabidiol use was associated with an increased probability of liver enzyme elevation (N = 12 trials, n = 1229; OR = 5.85 95% CI = 3.84–8.92, p < 0.001) and DILI (N = 12 trials, n = 1229; OR = 4.82 95% CI = 2.46–9.45, p < 0.001) compared to placebo controls. In participants taking cannabidiol (N = 28 trials, n = 1533), the pooled proportion of liver enzyme elevations was 0.074 (95% CI 0.0448–0.1212), and DILI was 0.0296 (95% CI 0.0136–0.0631). High‐dose CBD (≥1000 mg/day or ≥20 mg/kg/day) and concomitant antiepileptic drug use were identified as risk factors. No cases were reported in adults using cannabidiol doses <300 mg/day. No cases of severe DILI were reported.ConclusionsCannabidiol‐associated liver enzyme elevations and DILI meet the criteria of common adverse drug events. Clinicians are encouraged to screen for cannabidiol use and monitor liver function in patients at increased risk.
The globalization of local indexicalities through music: African‐American English and the blues
Authors: De Timmerman Romeo , De Cuypere Ludovic , Slembrouck Stef 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article reports on a sociolinguistic study into the prevalence of African‐American English (AAE) features in the lyrical language use of blues artists, relying on data from different social and national backgrounds and time periods. It adopts a variationist linguistic methodological approach to examine the prevalence of five AAE forms in live‐performed blues music: /aɪ/ monophthongization, post‐consonantal word‐final /t/ deletion, post‐consonantal word‐final /d/ deletion, alveolar nasal /n/ in < ing > ultimas, and post‐vocalic word‐final /r/ deletion. Mixed effects logistic regression analysis applied to a corpus of 80 performances finds no statistically significant association between national/ethnic background and variant use, and indicates that blues artists, from different eras and nationalities, are highly probable to realize the AAE variant of the analyzed variables, regardless of their sociocultural background. By building on early scholarly work on language and music, existing studies considering the use of AAE by non‐members of the African‐American community, and current theorizing on authenticity, style, and indexicality, this study hence provides tentative support for the existence of a standard blues singing style, which involves performers using AAE forms as a stylistic‐linguistic strategy to index artistic authenticity.
Functional and anatomical gastric regions and their relations to motility control
Authors: Di Natale Madeleine R. , Athavale Omkar N. , Wang Xiaokai , Du Peng , Cheng Leo K. , Liu Zhongming , Furness John B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe common occurrence of gastric disorders, the accelerating emphasis on the role of the gut‐brain axis, and development of realistic, predictive models of gastric function, all place emphasis on increasing understanding of the stomach and its control. However, the ways that regions of the stomach have been described anatomically, physiologically, and histologically do not align well. Mammalian single compartment stomachs can be considered as having four anatomical regions fundus, corpus, antrum, and pyloric sphincter. Functional regions are the proximal stomach, primarily concerned with adjusting gastric volume, the distal stomach, primarily involved in churning and propelling the content, and the pyloric sphincter that regulates passage of chyme into the duodenum. The proximal stomach extends from the dome of the fundus to a circumferential band where propulsive waves commence (slow waves of the pacemaker region), and the distal stomach consists of the pacemaker region and the more distal regions that are traversed by waves of excitation, that travel as far as the pyloric sphincter. Thus, the proximal stomach includes the fundus and different extents of the corpus, whereas the distal stomach consists of the remainder of the corpus and the antrum. The distributions of aglandular regions and of specialized glands, such as oxyntic glands, differ vastly between species and, across species, have little or no relation to anatomical or functional regions. It is hoped that this review helps to clarify nomenclature that defines gastric regions that will provide an improved basis for drawing conclusions for different investigations of the stomach.
The implications of pay transparency in the presence of over‐ and underconfident agents
Authors: Fan Xiaoshuai , Wu Qingye , Chen Ying‐Ju , Tang Christopher S. 
Published: March 2023

Many companies are under pressure to improve pay transparency; however, its impact on their agents and principals remains unclear. As a way to investigate the upside and downside of pay transparency, we conduct our study based on a scenario in which agents have “cognitive bias” (namely, over‐ or underconfident). We also capture the notion of “social comparisons” behavior (namely, behind‐averse and ahead‐seeking) that occurs under pay transparency. By exploring a one‐principal‐two‐agent model, we find that agents' optimal effort decisions are affected by the “intersection” between agents' social comparison behavior and cognitive bias. Specifically, relative to the opaque policy, we find that pay transparency can entice agents to improve their job performance (in general). Our analysis also provides a guideline for principals to implement transparent payment policies properly (including the optimal payment scheme and the recruitment strategy). Specifically, pay transparency could enable the principal to offer a lower merit‐based factor level but a higher base salary level than opaque policy to motivate agents. To obtain high retained earnings, it is profitable for the principal to hire an overconfident agent if the principal chooses to adopt the opaque policy, but hire a mildly underconfident agent if pay transparency is selected. Moreover, we extend the base model to incorporate working capability heterogeneity across agents. We find that the agent's effort incentive and his opponent's working capability move in the same direction when the two agents' working capabilities are comparable under the transparent policy. Finally, by incorporating the environment's relative favoritism into the base model, we observe that when the environment is highly uncertain, the underconfident agent is willing to leverage environment uncertainty but the overconfident agent is willing to exert more effort.
Growing Food, Feeding Disease: Primary Sector Specialization and Malaria Incidence in Less‐Developed Countries
Authors: Austin Kelly F. , Hof Lukas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDespite decades of decline in global malaria rates, trends are beginning to change; in the last few years, progress has stalled and even reversed in some places. The ever‐increasing scale of land transformation is likely a factor in contributing to this shift in global malaria progress, as recent research makes links between activities such as agriculture, timber harvest, and aquaculture to mosquito vectorial capacity. We combine these insights with political economy perspectives from sociology to understand the larger structures that facilitate the disproportionate concentration of primary sector activities in poorer countries. We predict that less‐developed countries with increasing economic specialization in the primary sector will have heightened incidence of malaria over time. We employ a two‐way fixed effect panel regression analysis of 72 malaria‐endemic countries from 2002 to 2019. Our results confirm our predictions. This study brings to light the large‐scale forces that lead some countries to specialize in economic activities that serve to enhance malaria vulnerabilities.
Robust inference for high‐dimensional single index models
Authors: Han Dongxiao , Han Miao , Huang Jian , Lin Yuanyuan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe propose a robust inference method for high‐dimensional single index models with an unknown link function and elliptically symmetrically distributed covariates, focusing on signal recovery and inference. The proposed method is built on the Huber loss and the estimation of the unknown link function is avoided. The and consistency of a Lasso estimator up to a multiplicative scalar is established. When the covariance matrix of the predictors satisfies the irrepresentable condition, our method is shown to recover the signed support of the true parameter under mild conditions. Based on a debiased Lasso estimator, we study component‐wise and group inference for the high‐dimensional index parameter. The finite‐sample performance of our method is evaluated through extensive simulation studies. An application to a riboflavin production dataset is provided to illustrate the proposed method.
Social welfare in the light of topic modelling
Authors: Baranowski Mariusz , Cichocki Piotr , McKinley Jim 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWith an increased focus on social well‐being in response to a burgeoning global economy exposing the weaknesses of social welfare policies, research output in the field has grown exponentially. Keeping track of the evolving research themes proves difficult due to the steady rise in the number of studies published in the interdisciplinary field of social welfare. Therefore, researchers need a comprehensive overview to confirm the current shape of the field based on the published research. Using a latent Dirichlet allocation algorithm as a topic modelling technique, this study identified 12 prominent themes from more than 10,000 research outputs on social welfare published from 2000 to 2020 in Scopus‐indexed journals. Such an exploratory text‐mining approach to literature review provides broad insights into the diversity of research and may serve as a foundation for further in‐depth studies. Identifying these 12 thematic areas and their sub‐themes allows us to articulate the complexity and diversity of social welfare issues, which go far beyond the field of well‐established welfare economics or social work. The study shows that the topic of ‘social welfare’ has not only evolved over time but has significantly broadened its meaning. It can no longer be solely synonymous with institutional social security. We contend that research in this area needs to take into account a broader and more systematic range of determinants constituting the dynamic character of social welfare.
‘How the other half lives’?: Taking a critical approach to the social psychology of economic inequality and extreme wealth
Authors: Carr Philippa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe negative impact of economic inequality on social issues and wellbeing is of importance to social psychology that historically has an interest in social justice. Social Identity Theory is explored as an approach that acknowledges the wider context of social issues. The use of experiments encounters challenges in categorizing wealth and how individuals account for extreme wealth. Mainstream research agendas in psychology are not neutral and draw upon current ideology (such as neoliberalism) that can often maintain inequality. These difficulties are addressed by Critical Social Psychology driven by a social justice agenda that challenges the acceptance of neoliberal values. The application of Critical Social Psychology to wealth inequality is demonstrated with research using UK media data. Critical feminist psychology is discussed to explore the role of class and how to challenge the stigmatization of working‐class people. Finally, this paper outlines how Discursive Psychology addresses how extreme wealth and the practices of the super‐rich are warranted. A discursive approach questions the acceptance of wealth inequality as an everyday assumption and demonstrates how dominant discourse draws upon individualism. Furthermore, Discursive Psychology has examined how accountability for problematic practices, such as tax avoidance that maintain inequality, are managed in media broadcasts.
Prevalence and determinants of anemia at discharge in pediatric intensive care survivors
Authors: Jutras Camille , Sauthier Michaël , Tucci Marisa , Trottier Helen , Lacroix Jacques , Robitaille Nancy , Ducharme‐Crevier Laurence , Du Pont‐Thibodeau Geneviève 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundRestrictive transfusion practices are increasingly being followed in pediatric intensive care units (PICU); consequently, more patients are discharged anemic from PICU. Given the possible impact of anemia on long‐term neurodevelopmental outcomes, we aim to describe the epidemiology of anemia at PICU discharge in a mixed (pediatric and cardiac) cohort of PICU survivors and to characterize risk factors for anemia.Study Design and MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study in the PICU of a multidisciplinary tertiary‐care university‐affiliated center. All consecutive PICU survivors for whom a hemoglobin level was available at PICU discharge were included. Baseline characteristics and hemoglobin levels were extracted from an electronic medical records database.ResultsFrom January 2013 to January 2018, 4750 patients were admitted to the PICU (97.1% survival); discharge hemoglobin levels were available for 4124 patients. Overall, 50.9% (n = 2100) were anemic at PICU discharge. Anemia at PICU discharge was also common in the cardiac surgery population (53.3%), mainly in acyanotic patients; only 24.6% of cyanotic patients were anemic according to standard definitions of anemia. Cardiac surgery patients were transfused more often and at higher hemoglobin levels than medical and non‐cardiac surgery patients. Anemia at admission was the strongest predictor of anemia at discharge (odds ratios (OR): 6.51, 95% confidence interval (CI:5.40;7.85)).DiscussionHalf of PICU survivors are anemic at discharge. Further studies are required to determine the course of anemia after discharge and to ascertain whether anemia is associated with adverse long‐term outcomes.
Influence on Structural Loading of a Wave Energy Converter by Controlling Variable-Geometry Components and the Power Take-Off
Authors: Husain Salman , Davis Jacob , Tom Nathan , Thiagarajan Krish , Burge Cole , Nguyen Nhu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Oceans are harsh environments and can impose significant loads on deployed structures. A wave energy converter (WEC) should be designed to maximize the energy absorbed while ensuring the operating wave condition does not exceed the failure limits of the device itself. Therefore, the loads endured by the support structure are a design constraint for the system. Furthermore, the WEC should be adaptable to different sea states. This work uses a WEC-Sim model of a variable-geometry oscillating wave energy converter (VGOSWEC) mounted on a support structure simulated under different wave scenarios. A VGOSWEC resembles a paddle pitching about a fixed hinge perpendicular to the incoming wave fronts. The geometry of the VGOSWEC is varied by opening a series of controllable flaps on the pitching paddle when the structure experiences threshold loads. It is hypothesized that opening the flaps should result in load shedding at the base of the support structure by reducing the moments about the hinge axis. This work compares the hydrodynamic coefficients, natural periods, and response amplitude operators from completely closed to completely open configurations of the controllable flaps. This work shows that the completely open configuration can reduce the pitch and surge loads on the base of the support structure by as much as 80%. Increased loads at the structure’s natural period can be mitigated by an axial power take-off damping acting as an additional design parameter to control the loads at the WEC’s support structure.
Absorption Chiller System Driven by the Solar Hybrid System: Case Study in the Algeria Weather Condition
Authors: Bouguetaia Nadia , Bellel Nadir , Lekbir Abdelhak 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the performances of a novel hybrid solar system using the Al2O3 nanofluid and pure water as a heat transfer fluid to operate a single-effect lithium bromide absorption chiller are investigated. In which the performance of the proposed system using the nanofluid during winter and summer under mixed and forced convection is evaluated. Thus, the performances of the solar collector are investigated experimentally, and the output performances of the water–LiBr absorption chiller system are conducted numerically using matlab platform. The results show that the obtained Reynolds number of the heat transfer fluid is laminar flow in summer with the maximum values of 1700 and 1600 for nanofluid and water, respectively, and the maximum values of 2200 and 2100 for nanofluid and pure water, respectively, in winter. The proposed hybrid system achieves approximately 54% and 36% of maximum thermal efficiency during the winter and the summer, respectively. The obtained performance shows that the absorption cycle at positive evaporation temperatures is very appreciable using the nanofluid as working fluid during both seasons and quite satisfactory using the water during summer and winter seasons. Overall, the proposed system has potential for further development in the solar cooling system.
Three-Dimensional Mobile Assemblies Based on Threefold-Symmetric Bricard Linkages
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Zhou Xin , Li Ming , Liu Tianming , Xing Jian , Lv Wei , Yang Fufu , Chen Yan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Multiple mobile assemblies have been created based on two-dimensional tessellations of linkages for deployable structures. However, few three-dimensional tessellations of linkages have been created, especially mobile assemblies with bifurcation. Here, we proposed four types of mobile assemblies of kaleidocycles, a special type of threefold-symmetric Bricard linkages, based on cubic cellulation and symmetry. Kinematic analysis of them is carried out based on the matrix method and numerical method. Two assemblies have bifurcations with two motion paths following cuboid symmetry and tetrahedral symmetry, respectively. Meanwhile, the other two have one motion path with a single degree-of-freedom. The designing process facilitates the creation of new mobile assemblies under symmetry, and the four assemblies have the potential application for designing metamaterials.
Designing and Analyzing Multistable Mechanisms Using Quadrilateral Boundary Rigid Origami
Authors: Lee Munkyun , Miyajima Yuki , Tachi Tomohiro 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Multistable origami and its snapping behaviors between the folded states have attracted scientists’ and engineers’ attention as the building block for the design of mechanical devices and metamaterials. We propose a novel method for designing origami-based multistable structures, by which we mean (1) to obtain the prescribed overall motion and (2) to control the stiffness of snapping provided by the elastic strain. We solve this design problem by first representing the desired motion with linkage structures with quadrilateral holes, called the frames, and then filling the frames with origami modules, called quadrilateral boundary modules. By introducing an intentional incompatibility between the motions of the frames and the modules, we design the snapping behavior that follows the linkage motion. We provide the representation model to evaluate the incompatibility and propose an optimization-based framework for the design. We also validate our design applied to a Sarrus linkage through bar-and-hinge analysis and experiments using physical prototypes.
Effects of women’s economic empowerment interventions on antenatal care outcomes: a systematic review
Authors: Suh Heezy , Kalai Shiri , Trivedi Niki , Underwood Carol , Hendrickson Zoé Mistrale 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesEarly and adequate antenatal care (ANC) has been shown to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality globally. Increasing evidence suggests that women’s economic empowerment (WEE) is a critical factor that may influence uptake of ANC during pregnancy. However, existing literature lacks a comprehensive synthesis of studies on WEE interventions and their effects on ANC outcomes. This systematic review analyses WEE interventions at the household, community and national levels and their effects on ANC outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries, where the majority of maternal deaths occur.MethodsSix electronic databases were systematically searched as well as 19 websites of relevant organisations. Studies published in English and after 2010 were included.ResultsFollowing abstract and full-text review, 37 studies were included in this review. Seven studies used an experimental study design, 26 studies used a quasi-experimental study design, 1 study used an observational design and 1 study was a systematic review with meta-analysis. Thirty-one included studies evaluated a household-level intervention, and six studies evaluated a community-level intervention. No included studies examined a national-level intervention.ConclusionMost included studies on household-level and community-level interventions found a positive association between the intervention and the number of ANC visits women received. This review emphasises the need for more WEE interventions that empower women at the national level, for the expansion of the definition of WEE to be more inclusive of the multidimensionality of WEE interventions and the social determinants of health, and the standardisation of ANC outcome measurement globally.