bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Withers vertical movement symmetry is useful for locating the primary lame limb in naturally occurring lameness
Authors: Persson‐Sjodin Emma , Hernlund Elin , Pfau Thilo , Andersen Pia Haubro , Forsström Karin Holm , Byström Anna , Serra Bragança Filipe M. , Hardeman Aagje , Greve Line , Egenvall Agneta , Rhodin Marie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundDuring orthopaedic assessment of lame horses, a head nod is commonly present in both primary forelimb and hindlimb lame horses. Additional motion metrics that could assist clinicians in correctly differentiating between these two scenarios would be of great clinical value.ObjectivesThe primary objective of this study was to examine whether withers movement asymmetry can be used in a clinical setting to distinguish primary forelimb lameness from compensatory head movement asymmetry due to primary hindlimb lameness.Study designRetrospective, multicentre study.MethodsMovement asymmetry of head, withers and pelvis was measured using multi‐camera optical motion capture, as part of routine lameness investigations at four European equine hospitals. Vertical movement asymmetry parameters from 317 horses trotting in a straight line were compared before and after successful diagnostic analgesia of a single limb. Descriptive statistics,t‐tests and linear models were used to analyse the data.ResultsIn forelimb lame horses, 80%–81% showed head and withers asymmetry both indicating lameness in the same forelimb. In hindlimb lame horses, 69%–72% showed head asymmetry ipsilateral to the lame hindlimb and withers asymmetry diagonal to the lame hindlimb, thus, head and withers asymmetry indicated lameness in different forelimbs. A large (>15 mm) compensatory head nod was seen in 28%–31% of the hindlimb lame horses. In 89%–92% of these, head and withers asymmetry indicated lameness in different forelimbs. Withers asymmetry decreased linearly with reduced head or pelvic asymmetry for both forelimb and hindlimb lame horses.Main limitationsCompensatory strategies were evaluated on group level to identify common patterns, potentially ignoring uncommon individual strategies.ConclusionsWithers vertical movement asymmetry metrics can be useful in helping to locate the primary lame limb during quantitative lameness assessment. Head and withers movement asymmetry parameters generally indicate the same forelimb in forelimb lame horses, but different forelimbs in hindlimb lame horses.
Development and preliminary validation of an Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS) for a partial pulpotomy procedure
Authors: Fouillen Kevin John , Duncan Henry Fergus , de Vries Philine , Chevalier Valérie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimTo develop an Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS) tool for partial pulpotomy and to preliminary assess the validity of this tool. Secondary objectives were to check internal consistency as well as the interrater reliability of this specific checklist and to compare it with the previously validated global rating score (GRS).MethodologyThe study assessed three groups of dental participants (mix of practitioners or students) possessing differing levels of clinical experience (7 novices, 7 intermediates, 7 experts), during a partial pulpotomy procedure on a simulated tooth with deep caries, using a bespoke procedure‐specific checklist (PSC) and the GRS. Two independent examiners received the study participants in groups of two, in order to be able to directly observe their actions and grade the different steps of the procedure from 1 to 5 on the PSC and GRS. The internal validity of the specific checklist was assessed using a Cronbach's alpha test. As the construct validity of such a tool can be determined when the tool differentiates performance based on the level of experience, the total score of the PSC of the three groups (e.g., novice group, intermediate group, experienced group) were compared using the Kruskal–Wallis and post‐hoc Mann–Whitney pairwise U test. The total scores of the GRS were also analysed in the same manner. A correlation test (Correlation Matrices Test) was carried out for the entire sample between the specific checklist and the GRS (on total score). The intraclass correlation coefficient was used to measure the degree of agreement between the two evaluators. The statistical analysis was performed with XLSTAT® and Statistica® (significance p = .05).ResultsThe partial pulpotomy specific checklist graded from one to five demonstrated good internal consistency (0.86) and a good interrater reliability (0.91), a correct construct validity (p generally < .05) and a good positive correlation with the validated GRS (r = .92).ConclusionsTo address the need to develop education in vital pulp treatment, and more specifically the technical skills assessment of partial pulpotomy, an OSATS‐specific checklist was developed and preliminary validated. The checklist will need to be validated in larger cohorts.
Virtual influencers as an emerging marketing theory: A systematic literature review
Authors: Laszkiewicz Anna , Kalinska‐Kula Magdalena 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOver the past few years, the popularity of influencers on social media (SM) has increased, and influencer marketing has become an important element in companies' marketing strategies. This has resulted in significant interest from researchers and practitioners; consequently, the number of publications devoted to the topic of influencers and influencer marketing has risen. Simultaneously, computer‐generated avatars and virtual influencers (VIs), including those using artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning, have begun to emerge and gain popularity in the SM space. Thus far, research on these topics has been limited, with few studies examining the issue from different perspectives. Given the growing potential of VIs' inclusion in the consumer decision‐making process, and this being a developing field, a comprehensive and critical review of existing research on this subject is urgently needed. In response, this study consolidates the current state of research on virtual, AI, and computer‐generated influencers. A systematic review of peer‐reviewed articles was conducted to identify key themes and dominant concepts. An analysis of 35 articles provides an understanding of this phenomenon, shedding light on the mechanisms underlying the appeal of VIs and their role in shaping consumer attitudes and behaviors. Based on the analysis, the main thematic streams from the study are presented. Further, research gaps have been identified, and recommendations made for future research directions.
Feeling safe at work: Development and validation of the Psychological Safety Inventory
Authors: Plouffe Rachel A. , Ein Natalie , Liu Jenny J. W. , St. Cyr Kate , Baker Clara , Nazarov Anthony , Don Richardson J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPsychological safety, defined as perceptions that an individual within a team is supported and feels safe to take interpersonal risks, voice opinions, and share ideas, is vital for organizational effectiveness. However, there is no consensus on how workplace psychological safety should be measured. We developed the Psychological Safety Inventory (PSI) in response to organizational needs to accurately assess psychological safety. A 70‐item version of the PSI was administered to 497 employees from Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Based on factor analytic findings, we reduced the preliminary PSI to a 30‐item, five‐factor scale. The PSI showed high reliability and correlated as anticipated with convergent measures. Overall, the PSI is a valid and reliable measure of workplace psychological safety.
Risk factors for infection with influenza A(H3N2) virus on a US university campus, October–November 2021
Authors: Lewis Nathaniel M. , Delahoy Miranda J. , Sumner Kelsey M. , Lauring Adam S. , Bendall Emily E. , Mortenson Lindsey , Edwards Elizabeth , Stamper Aleksandra , Flannery Brendan , Martin Emily T. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundKnowledge of the specific dynamics of influenza introduction and spread in university settings is limited.MethodsPersons with acute respiratory illness symptoms received influenza testing by molecular assay during October 6–November 23, 2022. Viral sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were conducted on nasal swab samples from case‐patients. Case–control analysis of a voluntary survey of persons tested was used to identify factors associated with influenza; logistic regression was conducted to calculate odds ratios and 95% CIs. A subset of case‐patients tested during the first month of the outbreak was interviewed to identify sources of introduction and early spread.ResultsAmong 3268 persons tested, 788 (24.1%) tested positive for influenza; 744 (22.8%) were included in the survey analysis. All 380 sequenced specimens were influenza A (H3N2) virus clade 3C.2a1b.2a.2, suggesting rapid transmission. Influenza (OR [95% CI]) was associated with indoor congregate dining (1.43 [1.002–2.03]), attending large gatherings indoors (1.83 [1.26–2.66]) or outdoors (2.33 [1.64–3.31]), and varied by residence type (apartment with ≥1 roommate: 2.93 [1.21–7.11], residence hall room alone: 4.18 [1.31–13.31], or with roommate: 6.09 [2.46–15.06], or fraternity/sorority house: 15.13 [4.30–53.21], all compared with single‐dwelling apartment). Odds of influenza were lower among persons who left campus for ≥1 day during the week before their influenza test (0.49 [0.32–0.75]). Almost all early cases reported attending large events.ConclusionsCongregate living and activity settings on university campuses can lead to rapid spread of influenza following introduction. Isolating following a positive influenza test or administering antiviral medications to exposed persons may help mitigate outbreaks.
Neutralizing and protective murine monoclonal antibodies to the hemagglutinin of influenza H5 clades 2.3.2.1 and 2.3.4.4
Authors: Schuele Carlotta , Schmeisser Falko , Orr Megan , Meseda Clement A. , Vasudevan Anupama , Wang Wei , Weiss Carol D. , Woerner Amy , Atukorale Vajini N. , Pedro Cyntia L. , Weir Jerry P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundHighly pathogenic avian H5 influenza viruses have spread and diversified genetically and antigenically into multiple clades and subclades. Most isolates of currently circulating H5 viruses are in clade 2.3.2.1 or 2.3.4.4.MethodsPanels of murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were generated to the influenza hemagglutinin (HA) of H5 viruses from the clade 2.3.2.1 H5N1 vaccine virus A/duck/Bangladesh/19097/2013 and the clade 2.3.4.4 H5N8 vaccine virus A/gyrfalcon/Washington/41088‐6/2014. Antibodies were selected and characterized for binding, neutralization, epitope recognition, cross‐reactivity with other H5 viruses, and the ability to provide protection in passive transfer experiments.ResultsAll mAbs bound homologous HA in an ELISA format; mAbs 5C2 and 6H6 were broadly binding for other H5 HAs. Potently neutralizing mAbs were identified in each panel, and all neutralizing mAbs provided protection in passive transfer experiments in mice challenged with a homologous clade influenza virus. Cross‐reacting mAb 5C2 neutralized a wide variety of clade 2.3.2.1 viruses, as well as H5 viruses from other clades, and also provided protection against heterologous H5 clade influenza virus challenge. Epitope analysis indicated that the majority of mAbs recognized epitopes in the globular head of the HA. The mAb 5C2 appeared to recognize an epitope below the globular head but above the stalk region of HA.ConclusionsThe results suggested that these H5 mAbs would be useful for virus and vaccine characterization. The results confirmed the functional cross‐reactivity of mAb 5C2, which appears to bind a novel epitope, and suggest the therapeutic potential for H5 infections in humans with further development.
Red flag algorithms for Brazilian electronic invoices: outlier detection and price risk classification
Authors: Interian Ruben , Carpanese Igor , Mello Bruno , Ribeiro Celso C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBrazilian electronic invoices (Nota Fiscal eletrônica, NFe) are digital documents that register the purchase and sale operations of goods and services. In this work, we developed and used data‐cleaning procedures, clustering methods, and outlier detection algorithms to investigate the presence of two main risk patterns in the electronic invoices data of public entities, such as states or municipalities: abnormal product quantities and anomalous prices paid with public funds. As a case study, we analyzed nearly 3.5 million electronic invoices containing more than 11 million items from purchases made by public entities of the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso (MT) in 2016–2019. The results indicate that the total value of invoice items categorized as high‐intensity price alerts amounted to more than R$ 560 million, i.e., approximately US$ 139 million at the rate of December 31, 2019. Several cases of high‐risk patterns are presented to illustrate these practical results.
Known groups validity of the SPARK36: To guide nurse‐led consultations for the early detection of child developmental and parenting problems
Authors: Keymeulen Ann , Staal Ingrid I. E. , de Kroon Marlou L. A. , van Achterberg Theo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimEarly detection of child developmental and parenting problems is important for timely prevention. The SPARK36 (Structured Problem Analysis of Raising Kids aged 36 months) is a novel broad‐scope structured interview guide aimed at assessing parenting concerns and needs for support for child developmental and parenting problems, using the parental and professional's (Youth Health Care nurses) perspective. The applicability of the SPARK36 in practice was already demonstrated. Our aim was to evaluate its known groups validity.Desing/MethodsSPARK36 data were collected in a cross‐sectional study in 2020–2021. The known groups validity was assessed by testing two hypotheses: the SPARK36 risk assessment shows a higher risk of parenting and child developmental problems in children (1) from parents with a lower socioeconomic status and (2) from families with ≥4 risk factors for child maltreatment. To test the hypotheses, Fisher's exact tests were applied.ResultsIn total, 29 Youth Health Care nurses from four School Health Services performed SPARK36‐led consultations with 599 parent–child pairs to assess the risk for child developmental and parenting problems. Both hypotheses were accepted at a significant p level.ConclusionThe results of the known groups validity support the hypothesis that the SPARK36 risk assessment for child developmental and parenting problems is carried out in a valid way. Future research is needed to assess other aspects of the validity and reliability of the SPARK36.ImpactThis is a first step in validating the instrument for use during a nurse‐led consultation with parents of 3‐year‐olds in Flemish School Health Services. Thereby, SPARK36 supports the nurses in accomplishing their assignment, making a risk assessment, and contributes to quality of care.Patient or Public ContributionThis study aimed to evaluate the known groups validity of the SPARK36. Therefore, it was not conducted using input from the public or the patient population.
Global biome patterns of the Middle and Late Pleistocene
Authors: Huntley Brian , Allen Judy R. M. , Forrest Matthew , Hickler Thomas , Ohlemüller Ralf , Singarayer Joy S. , Valdes Paul J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOur primary aim was to assess the hypothesis that distinctive features of the patterns of vegetation change during successive Quaternary glacial–interglacial cycles reflect climatic differences arising from forcing differences. We addressed this hypothesis using 207 half‐degree resolution global biome pattern simulations, for time slices between 800 and 2 ka, made using the LPJ‐GUESS dynamic global vegetation model. Simulations were driven using ice‐core atmospheric CO2 concentrations, Earth's obliquity, and outputs from a pre‐industrial and 206 palaeoclimate experiments; four additional simulations were driven using projected future CO2 concentrations. Climate experiments were run using HadCM3. Using a rule‐based approach, above‐ground biomass and leaf area index of LPJ‐GUESS plant functional types were used to infer each grid cell's biome. The hypothesis is supported by the palaeobiome simulations. To enable comparisons with the climatic forcing, multivariate analyses were performed of global vegetation pattern dissimilarities between simulations. Results showed generally similar responses to glacial–interglacial climatic variations during each cycle, although no two interglacials or glacials had identical biome patterns. Atmospheric CO2 concentration was the strongest driver of the dissimilarity patterns. Dissimilarities relative to the time slice with the lowest atmospheric CO2 concentration show the log‐linear relationship to atmospheric CO2 concentration expected of an index of ecocarbon sensitivity. For each simulation, extent and total above‐ground biomass of each biome were calculated globally and for three longitudinal segments corresponding to the major continental regions. Mean and minimum past extents of forest biomes, notably Temperate Summergreen Forest, in the three major continental regions strongly parallel relative tree diversities, hence supporting the hypothesis that past biome extents played an important role in determining present diversity. Albeit that they reflect the climatic consequences only of the faster Earth system components, simulated potential future biome patterns are unlike any during the past 800 ky, and likely will continue to change markedly for millennia if projected CO2 concentrations are realised.
Bactericidal efficacy and mechanism of alkaline electrolyzed water co‐action with acidic electrolyzed water on Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm
Authors: Liu Xueqiang , Zhao Pei , Qi Xiaoya , Zhao Dandan , Rao Huan , Chen Qijia , Hao Jianxiong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHere, the bactericidal efficacy and mechanism of action of the combination of alkaline electrolyzed water (AlEW) and acidic electrolyzed water (AcEW) on Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm were investigated, in comparison with single AcEW or AlEW treatment. The mature P. aeruginosa biofilm was formed at 120 h of cultivation. The number of bacteria in the P. aeruginosa biofilm decreased by 7.87 and 2.51 Lg CFU/mL after single AcEW and single AlEW treatment for 8 min, while the sterilization rate reached 92.2% and 33.1%, respectively. The group of AcEW (7 min) co‐action with AlEW (1 min) had a P. aeruginosa sterilization rate of 85%. The AlEW (3 min) co‐action with AcEW (5 min) treatment showed the best bactericidal efficacy. With this treatment, the sterilization rate achieved 94.4%, and the extracellular protein, polysaccharide, and DNA were degraded with the ratios of 70.8%, 77.7%, and 70.5%, respectively. Thus, AlEW exhibited a major washing effect, which can destroy the biofilm structure of extracellular polymers to a certain extent, while AcEW displayed a significant bactericidal effect. These results suggest that the AlEW co‐action with AcEW treatment may be a promising candidate suitable for bacterial biofilm sterilization.
Effect of melatonin on ATG2B‐mediated autophagy regulation in sheep granulosa cells with different FecB genotypes
Authors: Liu Yu‐Fang , Liu Zi‐Yi , Li Wen‐Tao , Wang Peng , Wang Xiang‐Yu , Di Ran , He Xiao‐Yun , Chu Ming‐Xing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMelatonin (MLT) protects cells by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, which are key for inducing cellular autophagy. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying MLT regulation of autophagy in granulosa cells (GCs) with BMPR‐1B homozygous (FecB BB) and wild type (FecB ++) mutations. GCs collected from small‐tailed Han sheep with different FecB genotypes were typed using a TaqMan probe assay, and autophagy levels were found to be significantly higher in GCs with FecB BB than the levels in those with FecB ++. Autophagy‐related 2 homolog B (ATG2B) was associated with cell autophagy and was highly expressed in GCs with the FecB BB genotype in small‐tailed Han sheep. Overexpression of ATG2B in the GCs of sheep with both FecB genotypes promoted GC autophagy, and the contrary was observed after the inhibition of ATG2B expression. Subsequently, treatment of GCs with different genotypes of FecB and MLT revealed a significant decrease in cellular autophagy and an increase in ATG2B expression. Addition of MLT to GCs with inhibited ATG2B expression revealed that MLT could protect GCs by decreasing ROS levels, especially in GCs with FecB ++ genotype. In conclusion, this study determined that autophagy levels were significantly higher in sheep GCs with FecB BB genotype than the levels in those with FecB ++ genotype, which may have contributed to the difference in lambing numbers between the two FecB genotypes. Autophagy was regulated by ATG2B and was able to protect GCs by reducing the high levels of ROS produced following inhibition of ATG2B through the addition of MLT in vitro.
Continuous fluid infusion per rectum compared with intravenous fluid infusion in pigs
Authors: Chigerwe Munashe , Blasczynski Sarah J. , Abi‐Nader Bailey A. , Condy Paige M. , Kretsch Cileah M. , Depenbrock Sarah M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundPeripheral blood vessels in pigs are not easily accessible, making placement of intravenous catheters difficult. Alternative methods to intravenous administration of fluids, such as administering fluids via the rectum (proctoclysis), are warranted in pigs.HypothesisAdministration of polyionic crystalloid fluids via proctoclysis results in hemodilution changes similar to intravenous administration. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the tolerance for proctoclysis in pigs and compare analytes before and after intravenous or proctoclysis therapy.AnimalsSix healthy, growing, academic institution‐owned pigs.MethodsRandomized, cross‐over design clinical trial, with 3 treatments (control, intravenous, and proctoclysis) with a 3‐day washout period. The pigs were anesthetized and jugular catheters were placed. A polyionic fluid (Plasma‐Lyte A 148) was administered at 4.4 mL/kg/h during the intravenous and proctoclysis treatments. Laboratory analytes, including PCV, plasma, and serum total solids, albumin, and electrolytes were measured over 12 h at T0, T3, T6, T9, and T12. Effects of treatment and time on analytes were determined by analysis of variance.ResultsProctoclysis was tolerated by pigs. Albumin concentrations decreased during the IV treatment between T0 and T6 (least square mean of 4.2 vs 3.9 g/dL; 95% CI of mean difference = −0.42, −0.06; P = .03). Proctoclysis did not significantly affect any laboratory analytes at any time points (P > .05).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceProctoclysis did not demonstrate hemodilution similar to intravenous administration of polyionic fluids. Proctoclysis might not be an effective alternative to the intravenous administration of polyionic fluids in healthy euvolemic pigs.