bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can the double-slit experiment distinguish between quantum interpretations?
Authors: Rafsanjani Ali Ayatollah , Kazemi MohammadJavad , Bahrampour Alireza , Golshani Mehdi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Despite the astonishing successes of quantum mechanics, due to some fundamental problems such as the measurement problem and quantum arrival time problem, the predictions of the theory are in some cases not quite clear and unique. Especially, there are various predictions for the joint spatiotemporal distribution of particle detection events on a screen, which are derived from different formulations and interpretations of the quantum theory.
Although the differences are typically small, our studies show that these predictions can be experimentally distinguished by an unconventional double-slit configuration, which is realizable using present-day single-atom interferometry.
Not so different after all: Increased arrests and convictions (but not sentence length) deter terrorism
Authors: Wolfowicz Michael , Campedelli Gian Maria , Seaward Amber , Gill Paul 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

While countries differ significantly in how they handle terrorism, in the west, criminal justice systems tend to treat terrorism similar to other crime, with police, prosecutors, judges and courts, and penal systems carrying out similar functions of investigations, apprehension, charging, convicting, and overseeing punishments respectively. While there is a robust literature on deterrent effects for crime, there is a dearth of research when it comes to terrorism. This despite evidence of significant overlaps between crime and terrorism. We address this gap in the literature with a unique dataset covering terrorism offending, arrests, charges, convictions, and sentencing over 16 years in 28 EU-member states. Applying a dynamic panel data model, we find that the probability of apprehension and punishment has an inverse relationship with terrorism offending. Conversely, the rate of charged individuals is associated with a small increase in the terrorism offending rate. The results for sentence length are less clear, with either negligible, or small iatrogenic effects. The results demonstrate that the overlap between crime and terrorism may extend to general deterrence. These findings should be informative for both the research agenda and policy discussion.
Detecting anomalies in security cameras with 3DCNN and ConvLSTM
Authors: Mahareek Esraa A. , El-Sayed Eman K. , El-Desouky Nahed M. , El-Dahshan Kamal A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This research introduces a novel deep learning-based approach for anomaly identification in surveillance films. The suggested approach is built on a deep network that has been taught to recognise objects and human activity in films. The technique was evaluated on five large-scale datasets from the real world, including UCF-Crime, XD-Violence, UBI-Fights, and CCTV-Fights, UCF-101, as well as on artificial datasets with various object sizes, appearances, and activity types. We extract features from video frames using a 3D-convolutional neural network (3D-CNN), followed by convolutional short-term memory (ConvLSTM), and then conduct classification and recognition based on these characteristics. The results demonstrate that, when compared to state-of-the-art approaches described in the comparison, the suggested method achieves high accuracy and AUC in both indoor and outdoor scenarios..
A cross-comparison between PMOD and HeartSee for absolute quantification of myocardial blood flow in PET imaging
Authors: Zhang Chuxin , Wang Ruonan , Hu Yingqi , Jia Yanni , Zhang Jun , Li Yuanyuan , Wang Yanhui , Diao Xin , Zhou Haitao , Wu Ping , Li Li , Wang Yuetao , Yang Minfu , Wu Zhifang , Li Sijin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: PMOD and the HeartSee software are commonly used to quantify myocardial perfusion. PMOD typically uses a one-tissue compartment model, whereas, HeartSee uses a simple retention model that is considered a special case of the one-tissue compartment model. We explored agreement in the absolute quantification of myocardial perfusion and the diagnostic performance of coronary microvascular dysfunction by comparison of PMOD and HeartSee in non-obstructive patients.
Results: The rest myocardial blood flow of PMOD was higher than that of HeartSee (1.02±0.22 vs. 0.92±0.23, p<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference between the stress myocardial blood flow. However, the myocardial flow reserve of HeartSee was higher than that of PMOD (2.96±0.73 vs.2.64±0.51, p<0.05). The myocardial blood flow and myocardial flow reserve of the two softwares correlated (r: 0.35-0.49, both p<0.05). The receiver-operating characteristic curve revealed a cutoff value for the HeartSee myocardial flow reserve at 2.885 to predict abnormal PMOD myocardial flow reserve, yielding an accuracy of 72%.
Conclusions: The absolute quantification values obtained by PMOD and HeartSee were different. However, the diagnostic accuracy of HeartSee for abnormal myocardial flow reserve with a PET myocardial flow reserve less than two was 72%.
Resource Allocation Strategy for Blockchain-Enabled NOMA-Based MEC Networks
Authors: Ding JianJie , Han LiNa , Li Jie , Zhang Dajun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Blockchain technology is getting more and more attention due to its decentralization, independence and security features. However, in wireless networks it faces a computational challenge: the proof-of-work problem. Mobile edge computing (MEC) leads to a vaild scheme by providing cloud computing capabilities to mobile devices. Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) exploits the diversity properties in the power domain to further increase system throughput and spectral efficiency. In this paper, we suggest a new NOMA-based MEC wireless blockchain network to minimize system energy consumption through task offloading decision optimization, user clustering, computing resource and transmit power allocation. In order to effectively figure out this non-convex problem, we first propose a offloading decision and user clustering algorithm, and then propose a computing resource allocation algorithm based on user Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. Finally, the transmission power is simply solved. The numerical simulation results verify that the proposed joint optimization algorithm can effectively decrease the system energy consumption.
Endemic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Nesteruk Igor 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The fourth year of the COVID-19 pandemic without decreasing trends in the global numbers of new daily cases, high numbers of circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants and re-infections together with pessimistic predictions for the Omicron wave duration force studies about the endemic stage of the disease. The global trends were illustrated with the use the accumulated numbers of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths, the percentages of fully vaccinated people and boosters and the results of calculation of the effective reproduction number provided by Johns Hopkins University. The modified SIR model showed the presence of unsteady equilibrium. The global numbers of new daily cases will range between 300 thousand and one million, daily deaths – between one and 3.3 thousand.
Predictors of Improvement of R-EBUS Findings From “Adjacent To” to “Within” in EBUS-GS: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Yamamoto Shigenori , Matsui Hiroki , Fujioka Haruka , Honma Yuya , Kubota Norihiko , Otsuki Ayumu , Ito Hiroyuki , Sagara Hironori , Nakashima Kei 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: In flexible bronchoscopy, endobronchial ultrasonography using a guide sheath (EBUS-GS) has varying diagnostic yields depending on the findings of radial-endobronchialultrasonography (R-EBUS). The diagnosis rate is lower when R-EBUS lesions are “adjacent to,” than when they are “within.” However, these findings are inconsistent and may change from “adjacent to” to “within” as the examination progresses (referred to as A to W). In this study, we analyzed the predictive factors for this change, which remain unexplored.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent flexible bronchoscopic biopsy with EBUS-GS at Kameda Medical Center between April 2014, and March 2019. Patients without “adjacent to” lesions were excluded. Based on multivariate regression results by drawing a receiver operating characteristic curve, we evaluated the discrimination properties of factors strongly correlated with “A to W”.
Results:In total, 261 patients were included in this study. In 84 cases, R-EBUS findings were “adjacent to” to “within,” while in 177 cases, they were not. The mean lesion diameter was significantly larger (p = 0.021) in the group with “A to W” than in the group without it. The odds ratio (OR) for lesion diameter was significant in the multivariable regression model (OR: 1.024 [1.003-1.046]). The sensitivity and specificity were 0.346 and 0.853, respectively, at the optimal threshold (29.25 mm) set using the Youden index.
Conclusion: In this study, we found that lesion diameter was a significant factor in predicting “A to W,” indicating a cutoff value of 29.25 mm with high specificity (0.853).
Trial registration: The participants were registered retrospectively.
The Relationship Between Oral Health and Cognitive Function Among Community‐Dwelling Japanese Older Adults: A Cross-sectional Study Using Toon Health Study Data
Authors: Fujimura Kazumi , Maruyama Koutatsu , Miyoshi Noriko , Nishioka Shinji , Saito Isao , Tomooka Kiyohide , Tanigawa Takeshi , Eguchi Eri , Shiba Tamami , Yoshida Miyuki , Tatsukawa Madoka , fujii Akiko , Kooka Akiko , Kawamura Ryoichi , Takata Yasunori , Osawa Haruhiko , Suyama Keiko 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between tooth loss and cognitive function in community-dwelling elderly.
Methods
A total of 438 men and 715 women aged 60–84 years who participated in the Toon Study—an epidemiological study conducted among local residents of Toon City, Ehime Prefecture, Japan from 2014 to 2018—were included. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess oral health status (number and bite of teeth). Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was assessed using the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, with scores < 26 considered as MCI. The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of MCI were compared with having 25 + teeth and good masticatory status, after adjusting for age, sex, and other potential confounding factors using a logistic regression model.
Results
The multivariate adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of MCI for having < 15 teeth compared with ≥ 25 was 1.34 (0.97–1.84). Additionally, that of poor masticatory performance compared with good masticatory status was 1.41 (1.06–1.88). Associations were evident in those aged < 75, with ORs (95% CIs) for number of teeth and masticatory status of 1.58 (1.10–2.27) and 1.50 (1.09–2.08), respectively. This was in contrast to those aged ≥ 75 years.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that, to maintain cognitive function, maintaining both the number of teeth and the complex oral function of bite in individuals aged < 75 years is vital.
The effectiveness and satefy of auricular acupoint therapy for patients with chronic insomnia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chen Hao , Zhang Xifen , Zhang Juncha , Wang Xuesong , Gao Yuanbo , Li Xuxin , Shi Xuliang , She Yanfen 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background:Chronic insomnia (CI) is the most common subtype of insomnia. Auricular acupoint therapy (auricular acupoint bloodletting plus auricular acupressure) is a common treatment for CI, but its efficacy is uncertain due to the poor quality of previous studies. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of auricular acupoints in the treatment of CI by comparing with sham auricular acupoint therapy.Methods:This is a multicenter, randomized, two-arm interventional clinical trial. Participants will participate in the study for a total of 18 weeks, consisting of three phases: 2 weeks of screening, 4 weeks of treatment, and 12 weeks of follow-up. Based on the response rate of the primary outcome in our previous study, 156 randomly allocated participants are planned. Eligible participants will be randomly assigned to the auricular acupoint therapy group and sham auricular acupoint therapy group according to a ratio of 1:1. A total of 8 sessions in 4-week treatment period will be carried out. The primary outcome is a response rate at week 4, and the responder is defined as the percentage of those having at least 3 points reduction in insomnia symptoms from baseline as measured via the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Furthermore, response rates at other weeks, PSQI, Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale-Abbreviated Form (WHOQOL-BREF), as well as sleep efficiency (SE), sleep arousal frequency (SA) and total sleep time (TST) recorded by actigraphy are chosen as secondary outcomes.Trial registration:www.chictr.org.cnIdentifer: ChiCTR2200065187, Registered 31 Oct 2022.
Perspective of Adults in Saudi Arabia Toward Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use for Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Khalifa Ghaidaa F. , Alzubaidi Bakriah Y. , Bamarouf Dina A. , Alsaedi Yazeed B. , Alayafi Omar H. , Ramadan Majed M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a high-prevalence neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by communicational, social, and behavioral challenges. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is a group of practices and products that fall outside the realm of conventional medicine practiced worldwide. Traditional CAM is a health practice that comes from a particular culture, such as the use of Zamzam water and black seeds in Saudi Arabia. CAM comprises widely utilized practices in Saudi Arabia for children of various ages and adults. In many cases, CAM is used to treat ASD. The aim of this study is to investigate the perspectives of adults in Saudi Arabia toward CAM for treating ASD.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted by distributing an online questionnaire to adults in different regions of Saudi Arabia.
Results
A total of 4,311 adults participated in this study; 66.8% were females and 33.2% were male. Half of the participants reported that they knew about ASD (54.7%). More than half of the participants indicated that CAM—including art therapy (69.0%), physical exercise (67.0%), and limiting the use of electronic (55.4%)—could help in ASD management. Around half of the respondents indicated a belief that traditional treatment cannot help in treating ASD (53.9%). Only 20.0% of the respondents thought that ASD could be entirely treated using CAM therapies. The most common source of knowledge about CAM was social media and the internet (58.6%).
Conclusions
The majority of participants in this study did not believe that ASD could be treated entirely using CAM. In addition, fewer than half of the participants believed that CAM therapies could improve different aspects of ASD, such as behavioral issues. The study highlighted the need for awareness among residents of Saudi Arabia regarding specific treatments for ASD.
Identification of Fangjihuangqi Decoction as a late-stage autophagy inhibitor with an adjuvant anti-tumor effect against non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Chen Qiugu , Wang Kun , Song Yue , Jiang Junbo , Zhang Zhen , Li Anqi , Zheng Mengyi , Chen Xiaoyi , Zhao Tingxiu , Gu Jiangyong , Tan Yuhui , Liu Xiaoyi , Jiang Yanjun , Yi Hua , Xiao Jianyong , Hu Shan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Clinically, although chemotherapy is one of the most commonly used methods of treating tumors, chemotherapeutic drugs can induce autophagic flux and increase tumor cell resistance, leading to drug tolerance. Therefore,theoretically, inhibiting autophagy may improve the efficacy of chemotherapy. The discovery of autophagy regulators and their potential application as adjuvant anti-cancer drugs is of substantial importance. In this study, we clarified that Fangjihuangqi Decoction (FJHQ, traditional Chinese medicine) is an autophagy inhibitor, which can synergistically enhance the effect of cisplatin and paclitaxel.
Methods
We observed the changes of autophagy level in lung cancer cells under the effect of FJHQ, and verified the level of the autophagy marker protein and cathepsin. Apoptosis was detected after the combination of FJHQ with cisplatin or paclitaxel, and NAC (ROS scavenger) was further used to verify the activation of ROS-MAPK pathway by FJHQ.
Results
We observed that FJHQ induced autophagosomes in lung cancer cells and increased the levels of P62 and LC3-II protein expression in a concentration- and time-gradient-dependent manner, indicating that autophagic flux was inhibited. Co-localization experiments further showed that while FJHQ did not inhibit autophagosome and lysosome fusion, it affected the maturation of cathepsin and thus inhibited the autophagic pathway. Finally, we found that the combination of FJHQ with cisplatin or paclitaxel increased the apoptosis rate of lung cancer cells, due to increased ROS accumulation and further activation of the ROS-MAPK pathway. This synergistic effect could be reversed by NAC.
Conclusion
Collectively, these results demonstrate that FJHQ is a novel late-stage autophagy inhibitor that can amplify the anti-tumor effect of cisplatin and paclitaxel against non-small cell lung cancer.
Vision Transformer Framework Approach For Melanoma Skin Disease Identification
Authors: Roy Vikas Kumar , Thakur Vasu , Goyal Nupur 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In the past few decades, skin diseases have been a hazardous issue because of more sophisticated and high-cost treatments. Identifying skin disease is still a challenging task for dermatologists. In reference to severe diseases like Melanoma, therapy in the initial stages is very important and effective to avoid skin cancer. This paper proposes an effective approach by using Vision Transformers (ViT) to detect Melanoma, which gives the accuracy of 99% on the test images. Authors considered the dataset, which is publicly available on Kaggle that comprises 1000 images and did the comprehensive study to get better results using ViT. The obtained results are compared with other state-of-the-art algorithms (VGG-19 and Inception-V3) to analyze the distinction between the proposed approach and other Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) Models.
Analysis of synoptic weather patterns of heatwave events at regional and urban scales
Authors: Ventura Sergi , Miró Josep Ramon , Peña Juan Carlos , Villalba Gara 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Heatwaves (HWs) are expected to increase both in duration and intensity in the next decades, but little is known about their synoptic and mesoscalar behavior, which is especially important in mid-latitude regions. Most climate research has focused on temperature analysis to characterize HWs. We propose that a combination of temperature and synoptic patterns is a better way to define and understand HWs because including atmospheric circulation patterns provides information about different HW structures that can irregularly affect the territory, and illustrate this approach at the regional and urban scales using the Iberian peninsula and the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona as case studies. We first select HW events from 1950–2020 and apply a multivariate analysis to identify synoptic patterns based on mean sea level pressure, geopotential height at 500 hPa, and maximum daily 2 m temperature. The results indicate that four synoptic patterns reproduce at least 50% of the variance in HWs, namely, “stationary and stable”, “dynamic and advective”, “stationary and advective”, and “dynamic, advective and undulated”. Next, we apply the analysis to the Representative Concentration Pathway future scenarios (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5 from the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) to determine how these synoptic trends can change in the future. The analysis shows that the four synoptic patterns continue to explain 55 to 60% of the variance in HWs. Future HW events will be characterized by an increase in geopotential height at 500 hPa due to the northward shift of the anticyclonic ridge. This is especially true for RCP8.5, which simulates business as usual incrementing fossil fuel use and additionally shows an increase in atmospheric dynamism in north advections from all directions in comparison with RCP4.5. These findings point to the importance of considering the geopotential height in HW prediction, as well as the direction of advections.
Sex differences in linear bone measurements occur following puberty but do not influence femoral or tibial torsion
Authors: Carman Laura , Besier Thor , Stott N Susan , Choisne Julie 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Torsional, angular, and linear measurements in a paediatric population are clinically important but not well defined and understood. Different methods of measurement and discrepancies between assessors leads to a lack of understanding of what should be defined as typical or atypical for the growing skeleton. From a large dataset of 333 paediatric CT scans, we extracted three-dimensional torsional, angular, and linear measurements from the pelvis, femur, and tibia/fibula. Sex differences in linear measurements were observed in bones of children aged 13+ (around puberty), but femoral and tibial torsion were similar between males and females. The rotational profile (femoral anteversion minus tibial torsion) tended to increase with growth. Epicondylar, condylar, and malleolar widths were smaller in females than males for the same bone length after the age of 13 years, which could explain why females may be more at risk for sport injuries during adolescence. This rich dataset can be used as an atlas for researchers and clinicians to understand typical development of critical rotational profiles and linear bone measurements in children.
Development of Acute Hydrops in Eye with Infectious Keratitis: A case report
Authors: Kashima Yuzen , Kato Kumiko , Takeuchi Maki , Yonekawa Yuka , Takashima Yuko , Hirano Koji , Kondo Mineo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: There have been relatively many reports of cases of acute hydrops followed by infectious keratitis, there has not been a report of cases of infectious keratitis complicated by acute hydrops.
Case presentation: A 35-year-old man had undergone cataract surgery 7 years earlier and was being treated for atopic dermatitis by a neighborhood dermatologist. However, the dermatitis was poorly controlled. He came to our hospital with a complaint of pain and blurred vision in his left eye. The decimal best-correctly visual acuity (BCVA) of the left eye was 0.01. Slit-lamp microscopy showed conjunctival injection and a corneal opacity. The patient was diagnosed with infectious keratitis and treated with topical and systemic antibiotics. During his hospitalization, we noted that he frequently rubbed his eyes vigorously. Five days after the first visit, the cornea was noted to protrude markedly and the stroma surrounding an ulcerated area was edematous. These findings led to the diagnosis of acute hydrops and he underwent keratoplasty for the impending corneal perforation. Histopathological study of the excised cornea showed stromal edema, leucocyte infiltration, and a tear of Descemet membrane. Unfortunately, he developed endophthalmitis on the day after the surgery. We irrigated the anterior chamber with antibiotics and injected antibiotics into the vitreous. The endophthalmitis gradually subsided, and at two years after the surgery, his decimal BCVA had improved to 0.6.
Conclusions: Eye rubbing in cases of infectious keratitis can induce acute hydrops and timely surgical intervention is recommended.