bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reference values of aerobic fitness in the contemporary paediatric population
Authors: Gavotto Arthur , Mura Thibault , Rhodes Jonathan , Yin Suellen Moli , Hager Alfred , Hock Julia , Guillaumont Sophie , Vincenti Marie , De La Villeon Gregoire , Requirand Anne , Picot Marie-Christine , Huguet Helena , Souilla Luc , Moreau Johan , Matecki Stefan , Amedro Pascal 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Aims
There has been a growing interest in the use of markers of aerobic physical fitness (VO2max assessed by cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET)) in the follow-up of paediatric chronic diseases. The dissemination of CPET in paediatrics requires valid paediatric VO2max reference values to define the upper and lower normal limits. This study aimed to establish VO2max reference Z-score values, from a large cohort of children representative of the contemporary paediatric population, including those with extreme weights.

Methods and results
In this cross-sectional study, 909 children aged 5 to 18 years old from the general French population (development cohort) and 232 children from the general German and US populations (validation cohort) underwent a CPET, following the guidelines on high-quality CPET assessment. Linear, quadratic, and polynomial mathematical regression equations were applied to identify the best VO2max Z-score model. Predicted and observed VO2max values using the VO2max Z-score model, and the existing linear equations were compared, in both development and validation cohorts. For both sexes, the mathematical model using natural logarithms of VO2max, height, and BMI was the best fit for the data. This Z-score model could be applied to normal and extreme weights and was more reliable than the existing linear equations, in both internal and external validity analyses (https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.d2l.zscore).

Conclusion
This study established reference Z-score values for paediatric cycloergometer VO2max using a logarithmic function of VO2max, height, and BMI, applicable to normal and extreme weights. Providing Z-scores to assess aerobic fitness in the paediatric population should be useful in the follow-up of children with chronic diseases.

Clinical trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04876209
Transcriptomic profiling of sex-specific olfactory neurons reveals subset-specific receptor expression in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Reilly Douglas K , Schwarz Erich M , Muirhead Caroline S , Robidoux Annalise N , Narayan Anusha , Doma Meenakshi K , Sternberg Paul W , Srinivasan Jagan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans utilizes chemosensation to navigate an ever-changing environment for its survival. A class of secreted small-molecule pheromones, termed ascarosides, play an important role in olfactory perception by affecting biological functions ranging from development to behavior. The ascaroside #8 (ascr#8) mediates sex-specific behaviors, driving avoidance in hermaphrodites and attraction in males. Males sense ascr#8 via the ciliated male-specific cephalic sensory (CEM) neurons, which exhibit radial symmetry along dorsal–ventral and left–right axes. Calcium imaging studies suggest a complex neural coding mechanism that translates stochastic physiological responses in these neurons to reliable behavioral outputs. To test the hypothesis that neurophysiological complexity arises from differential expression of genes, we performed cell-specific transcriptomic profiling; this revealed between 18 and 62 genes with at least twofold higher expression in a specific CEM neuron subtype vs both other CEM neurons and adult males. These included two G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) genes, srw-97 and dmsr-12, that were specifically expressed in nonoverlapping subsets of CEM neurons and whose expression was confirmed by GFP reporter analysis. Single CRISPR-Cas9 knockouts of either srw-97 or dmsr-12 resulted in partial defects, while a double knockout of both srw-97 and dmsr-12 completely abolished the attractive response to ascr#8. Together, our results suggest that the evolutionarily distinct GPCRs SRW-97 and DMSR-12 act nonredundantly in discrete olfactory neurons to facilitate male-specific sensation of ascr#8.
Physical Disability, Psychological Resilience, and COVID-Related Changes in Depressive Symptoms Among U.S. Older Adults
Authors: Li Miao , Luo Ye 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objectives
This study pursued 3 goals: (1) to determine how depressive symptoms among U.S. older adults changed in 2018–2020, a period transitioning to the first wave of coronavirus disease (COVID) pandemic, compared to in prepandemic periods, (2) to determine whether physical disability predicts change in depressive symptoms in 2018–2020, and (3) to assess whether psychological resilience moderates the association between physical disability and change in depressive symptoms in 2018–2020.

Methods
Based on biennial longitudinal data of the Health and Retirement Study from 2010 to 2020, we used a before–after design and latent change score model to examine whether depressive symptoms change in 2018–2020 represents a continuation or departure from the overall trend of between-wave changes in 2010–2018. We also used physical disability in 2018 and psychological resilience in 2016–2018 to predict depressive symptoms change score in 2018–2020.

Results
In contrast to the relatively stable between-wave change trend in 2010–2018, there was an abrupt elevation in the latent change score of depressive symptoms in 2018–2020, which was primarily driven by increased affective symptoms (e.g., depressed mood, loneliness, unhappiness, and sadness). Increase in depressive symptoms in 2018–2020 was associated positively with physical disability but negatively with psychological resilience. Moderation effect of psychological resilience, however, was not significant.

Discussion
Our findings reveal heavier COVID-related mental health burden for older adults with physical disabilities and the potential benefits of enhancing individual psychological resilience. They also suggest that health interventions addressing the COVID impacts need to particularly focus on the affective aspects of depressive symptoms.
Black Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Have Lower Response to Antitumor Necrosis Factor Agents Compared With White Patients
Authors: Burstiner Landen Shane , Owings Anna H , Royer Amor , Hreish Yousef , Johnson Jeshanah , Barr Madelyn , Laird Hannah , Tarugu Spurthi , Edwards Kane , Bradley Lauren , Brar Himmat , Robinson Tanya O , Hosseini-Carroll Pegah , Liu Julia , Glover Sarah C 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Most studies on the safety and efficacy of antitumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNF) agents in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease have included few Black patients.

Aims
We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic response rate in Black IBD patients compared with White patients.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective review of IBD patients who were treated with anti-TNF agents and assessed those with therapeutic drug levels for clinical, endoscopic, and radiologic response to anti-TNF treatment.

Results
We identified 118 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Black IBD patients had significantly higher prevalence of endoscopic and radiologic active disease compared with White patients (62% and 34%, respectively; P = .023), despite similar proportions reaching therapeutic titers (67% and 55%, respectively; P = .20). Moreover, Black patients had significantly higher rate of IBD-related hospitalizations than White patients (30% vs 13%, respectively; P = .025) while on anti-TNF agents.

Conclusions
Black IBD patients on anti-TNF agents had a significantly higher prevalence of active disease and more IBD-related hospitalizations than White patients.
Could an artificial intelligence approach to prior authorization be more human?
Authors: Lenert Leslie A , Lane Steven , Wehbe Ramsey 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Prior authorization (PA) may be a necessary evil within the healthcare system, contributing to physician burnout and delaying necessary care, but also allowing payers to prevent wasting resources on redundant, expensive, and/or ineffective care. PA has become an “informatics issue” with the rise of automated methods for PA review, championed in the Health Level 7 International’s (HL7’s) DaVinci Project. DaVinci proposes using rule-based methods to automate PA, a time-tested strategy with known limitations. This article proposes an alternative that may be more human-centric, using artificial intelligence (AI) methods for the computation of authorization decisions. We believe that by combining modern approaches for accessing and exchanging existing electronic health data with AI methods tailored to reflect the judgments of expert panels that include patient representatives, and refined with “few shot” learning approaches to prevent bias, we could create a just and efficient process that serves the interests of society as a whole. Efficient simulation of human appropriateness assessments from existing data using AI methods could eliminate burdens and bottlenecks while preserving PA’s benefits as a tool to limit inappropriate care.
Simultaneous Screening and Quantitation of Drugs and Their Metabolites in Postmortem Samples by Liquid Chromatography–High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry: Does It Provide Any Benefits?
Authors: Rab Edmund , Martin Stephanie , Freemont Anthony , Maslin Samantha , Marr Roger , Kanu Mohammad-Sadik 
Published: February 2023

AbstractScreening of postmortem blood and urine samples is used to identify compounds that may have contributed to an individual’s death. Toxicologically significant compounds detected by the screen are then quantitated in blood to determine their likely effect upon death. In most laboratories, this is a two-step process. This study compares an established two-step screening and quantitative processes, utilizing a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) screen followed by quantitation by GC–MS or high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC–DAD), with a novel method utilizing liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS). The LC–HRMS assay is able to screen postmortem blood and urine samples and simultaneously measure the concentration of toxicologically significant compounds in postmortem blood. Screening results of 200 postmortem blood samples and 103 postmortem urine samples by LC–HRMS and GC–MS showed that LC–HRMS detected key compounds in 125% more instances and there was a 60% increase in the number of compounds detected. Quantitative values generated using the LC–HRMS assay were within ±10% of values obtained using the established methods by GC–MS or HPLC–DAD. A retrospective analysis of turnaround times pre- and post-adoption of LC–HRMS showed a decrease for all of the compounds in the analysis, including a 43% reduction for free morphine and codeine, a 50% reduction for amphetamine and a 37% reduction for cocaine. Combining screening and quantitation reduced staffing requirements by 2 days for opiate quantitation and 1 day for most other analytes. The adoption of LC–HRMS also significantly reduced sample volume requirements. These results demonstrate that the adoption of LC–HRMS for simultaneous screening and quantitation delivered significant benefits in comparison to the two-step procedure.
Exploring the Role of Social Protection Interventions in Preventing Child Labour: Reinforcing the Case for a Human Rights-Based Model of Intervention
Authors: Hennessy Róisín 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSocial protection measures have emerged as critical interventions to tackle child labour. However, the effectiveness of divergent models of social protection for preventing child labour is undertheorized by academic scholars, and the specific links between child labour and social protection policy generally are underexplored. To advance knowledge in this field, first, this article develops a conceptual framework to analyse evolving discourses relating to the design of social protection measures adopted by the World Bank (WB) and International Labour Organization (ILO). The analysis distinguishes between minimalist ‘safety-net and market-centred’ approaches to social protection (associated with the WB), and more fulsome ‘human rights-based’ interventions (associated with the ILO). The implications of these diverse models of social protection and their impact on children in economic exploitation are analysed. Second, the article engages in an innovative analysis of available empirical studies to measure the effectiveness in practice of different models of social protection. The article argues that interventions that are explicitly linked to broader socio-economic rights and align with a ‘human rights-based’ approach give rise to the most effective results. In contrast, interventions that adopt a ‘safety-net and market-centred’ approach can result in mixed outcomes, and/or increases in child labour. A further finding from the analysis reveals that the gendered burden of social reproduction work is a structural issue that cuts across all of the different social protection interventions and plays a crucial role in their varying outcomes. The article concludes with recommendations for policy makers that have implications for the design of ‘child-friendly’ social protection.
Importance of Consistency and Standardization in Estimating Economic Contributions of the Forest Industry in the Southern United States
Authors: Court Christa D , Ferreira João-Pedro , Stair Caleb A , Hodges Alan W 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The forest industry is a significant contributor to many local and state economies in the United States (US). Informed public policy at state and national levels requires that decision makers have accurate and defensible information on the value and structure of these economic contributions. However, different methods and modeling assumptions used and different industry sectors included by various analysts complicate meaningful comparisons across regions and time. This work presents a standardized approach to economic contribution assessments of the forest industry. The US Southern Forest region serves as an example of this approach with standardized results for economic contributions per capita, per acre of timberland, and per unit volume of timber harvested when comparing across regions and time. Among other findings, the results suggest that states with developed wood and paper product manufacturing industries have significantly greater economic contributions than states that are concentrated on timber harvesting.
Computational aerodynamics with isogeometric analysis
Authors: Bazilevs Yuri , Takizawa Kenji , Tezduyar Tayfun E , Korobenko Artem , Kuraishi Takashi , Otoguro Yuto 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe superior accuracy isogeometric analysis (IGA) brought to computations in fluid and solid mechanics has been yielding higher fidelity in computational aerodynamics. The increased accuracy we achieve with the IGA is in the flow solution, in representing the problem geometry, and, when we use the IGA basis functions also in time in a space–time (ST) framework, in representing the motion of solid surfaces. It is of course as part of a set of methods that the IGA has been very effective in computational aerodynamics, including complex-geometry aerodynamics. The set of methods we have been using can be categorized into those that serve as a core method, those that increase the accuracy, and those that widen the application range. The core methods are the residual-based variational multiscale (VMS), ST-VMS and arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian VMS methods. The IGA and ST-IGA are examples of the methods that increase the accuracy. The complex-geometry IGA mesh generation method is an example of the methods that widen the application range. The ST Topology Change method is another example of that. We provide an overview of these methods for IGA-based computational aerodynamics and present examples of the computations performed. In computational flow analysis with moving solid surfaces and contact between the solid surfaces, it is a challenge to represent the boundary layers with an accuracy attributed to moving-mesh methods and represent the contact without leaving a mesh protection gap.
Generation of blastoids from human parthenogenetic stem cells
Authors: Zhong Ke , Luo Yu-Xin , Li Dan , Min Zhe-Ying , Fan Yong , Yu Yang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Parthenogenetic embryos derive their genomes entirely from the maternal genome and lack paternal imprint patterns. Many achievements have been made in the study of genomic imprinting using human parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells (hPg-ESCs). However, due to developmental defects and ethical limits, a comprehensive understanding of parthenogenetic embryonic development is still lacking. Here, we generated parthenogenetic blastoids (hPg-EPSCs blastoids) from hPg-ESC-derived extended pluripotent stem cells (hPg-EPSCs) using our previously published two-step induction protocol. Morphology, specific marker expression and single-cell transcriptome analysis showed that hPg-EPSCs blastoids contain crucial cell lineages similar to blastoids (hBp-EPSCs blastoids) generated from human biparental EPSCs (hBp-EPSCs). Single-cell RNA-seq compared the expression of genes related to imprinting and X chromosome inactivation in hPg-EPSCs blastoids and hBp-EPSCs blastoids. In conclusion, we generated parthenogenetic blastoids, which will potentially promote the study of genomic imprinting in embryonic development and uncover the influence of parental origin bias on human development and pathological mechanisms.
Statistics of precipitable water vapour above the sites of the 6-m Big Telescope Alt-azimuthal and new 3-m Large Solar Telescope using ERA5 data
Authors: Bolbasova Lidia A , Shikhovtsev Artem Yu , Ermakov Sergei A 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTAtmospheric conditions have a major impact on the quality of ground-based astronomy observations. Among atmospheric molecular gases, water vapour presents a significant challenge in ground-based astronomical observations in spectral bands ranging from radio to infrared. The impact of water vapour on astronomical observations is expressed in terms of precipitable water vapour (PWV). Water vapour is a greenhouse gas on Earth that plays an important role in various atmospheric processes, including global climate change. In this work, we analyse the long-term (1975–2021) statistics of PWV above two mid-latitude sites: the 6-m Big Telescope Alt-azimuthal in the Caucasus Mountains and the new 3-m Large Solar Telescope in the Sayan Mountains. Both astronomical sites were established over 45 years ago and are located at an altitude of 2000 m above sea level. We use ERA5 – a new-generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) retrieved atmospheric reanalysis product. First, we evaluate the reliability of the PWV variable provided in the ERA5 data using global navigation satellite system (GNSS) measurement data. We present the analysis of PWV statistics, including seasonal behaviour above the sites in the infrared astronomical observations context. Then we provide long-term changes of PWV for the period 1975–2021 and examine the data set for the statistical significance of trends. Finally we discuss PWV correlation with other atmospheric parameters: surface temperature and total cloud cover in the regions of both sites.
VaTEST I: validation of sub-Saturn exoplanet TOI-181b in narrow orbit from its host star
Authors: Mistry Priyashkumar , Pathak Kamlesh , Lekkas Georgios , Prasad Aniket , Bhattarai Surendra , Maity Mousam , Beichman Charles A , Ciardi David R , Evans Phil , Bieryla Allyson , Eastman Jason D , Esquerdo Gilbert A , Lucero Jennifer P 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
We present here a validation of sub-Saturn exoplanet TOI-181b orbiting a K spectral type star TOI-181 (mass: 0.822 ± 0.04 M⊙, radius: 0.745 ± 0.02 R⊙, temperature: 4994 ± 50 K) as a part of Validation of Transiting Exoplanets using Statistical Tools (VaTEST) project. TOI-181b is a planet with radius 6.95 ± 0.08 R⊕, mass 46.16 ± 2.71 M⊕, orbiting in a slightly eccentric orbit with eccentricity 0.15 ± 0.06 and semimajor axis of 0.054 ± 0.004 au, with an orbital period of 4.5320 ± 0.000002 d. The transit photometry data were collected using Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and spectroscopic data for radial velocity analysis were collected using The European Southern Observatory’s (ESO) High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) telescope. Based on the radial velocity best-fit model we measured RV semi-amplitude to be 20.56 ± 2.37 m s−1. Additionally, we used VESPA and TRICERATOPS to compute the False Positive Probability (FPP), and the findings were FPP values of 1.68 × 10−14 and 3.81 × 10−04, respectively, which are significantly lower than the 1 per cent threshold. The finding of TOI-181b is significant in the perspective of future work on the formation and migration history of analogous planetary systems since warm sub-Saturns are uncommon in the known sample of exoplanets.
Full forward model of galaxy clustering statistics with AbacusSummit light cones
Authors: Yuan Sihan , Hadzhiyska Boryana , Abel Tom 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Novel summary statistics beyond the standard 2-point correlation function (2PCF) are necessary to capture the full astrophysical and cosmological information from the small-scale (r &lt; 30h−1Mpc) galaxy clustering. However, the analysis of beyond-2PCF statistics on small scales is challenging because we lack the appropriate treatment of observational systematics for arbitrary summary statistics of the galaxy field. In this paper, we develop a full forward modelling pipeline for a wide range of summary statistics using the large high-fidelity AbacusSummit light cones that account for many systematic effects as well as remain flexible and computationally efficient to enable posterior sampling. We apply our forward model approach to a fully realistic mock galaxy catalog and demonstrate that we can recover unbiased constraints on the underlying galaxy–halo connection model using two separate summary statistics: the standard 2PCF and the novel k-th nearest neighbour (kNN) statistics, which are sensitive to correlation functions of all orders. We will demonstrate its strong constraining power on extended galaxy–halo connection models and cosmology in follow up papers. We expect this to become a powerful approach when applying to upcoming surveys such as DESI where we can leverage a multitude of summary statistics across a wide redshift range to maximally extract information from the non-linear scales.