bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse for the production of fungal laccase and bacterial cellulase
Authors: Abbas Mustansir , Ejaz Uroosa , Shafique Maryam , Naz Sehar A. , Sohail Muhammad 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSugarcane bagasse (SB) is a promising source of appreciable quantities of fermentable sugars. However, the presence of lignin hinders utilization of these carbohydrates and hence pretreatment to remove lignin is necessarily carried out. Here, a biological pretreatment method was synchronized with the production of a thermostable cellulase using SB as a raw material. Initially, bagasse was fermented by a laccase producing fungus, Trametes pubescens MB 89 under solid state fermentation (SSF) and a titer of 1758 IU mL−1 of laccase was obtained. Investigations of nine factors affecting laccase production through Plackett Burman design improved the titers to 6539 IU mL−1. Five factors (incubation period, concentration of CuSO4, temperature, moisture content, and particle size) were found significant which were optimized through Central Composite design leading to an improvement in the titers by ~5 folds (8841 IU mL−1). Biologically pretreated SB was fermented by a thermophilic bacterium, Neobacillus sedimentimangrovi UE25, that yielded 8.64 IU mL−1 of cellulase. Delignification and cellulose utilization were affirmed by structural analysis through FTIR and SEM. The synchronized process yielded higher titers of laccase and cellulase under SSF of SB with the minimum use of corrosive chemicals.
Mineral elements and their relation to anthocyanin content in pigmented rice plants using definitive screening design and self‐organizing maps
Authors: Bennett Chonlada , Funsueb Sujitra , Kittiwachana Sila , Sookwong Phumon , Mahatheeranont Sugunya 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundMineral elements are nutrients required by an organism to perform functions necessary for survival. Stress‐induced metabolism following nutritional stress has been reported to increase levels of anthocyanin. However, the role of mineral elements commonly found in soil and their contribution to the accumulation of anthocyanin content in rice plants is uncertain.ResultAmongst the ten mineral elements investigated, the cultivation of rice plants in clean sand showed that the Mg‐, Se‐, and Cu‐treated plants had the highest accumulated anthocyanin content in the leaves, whereas B, Cr, and Se had the greatest effect on grains. Yield component data showed major positive effects from Mg, Cr, and B. The interaction of Zn*Se and Mg*Cu positively affected the anthocyanin content in grains. The self‐organizing map indicated that the total anthocyanin content was relatively proportional to the concentration of Mn, B, and Cr, but disproportional to that of Se. However, rice plants with added Fe produced the smallest amount of total anthocyanin content, less than the control, in the four stages of rice growth.ConclusionThe appropriate concentrations of mineral elements in soil could promote the proliferation of anthocyanin content in rice plants and grains. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Assessment of flare frequency and severity of generalized pustular psoriasis in Japanese patients: A retrospective chart review study
Authors: Morita Akimichi , Okubo Yukari , Imafuku Shinichi , Tada Yayoi , Yamanaka Keiichi , Sugiura Kazumitsu , Yamaguchi Yukie , Yasuda Masahito , Tsuchihashi Hitoshi , Saitoh Morihisa , Sakamoto Wataru , Okuyama Ryuhei ,   the study investigators
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundGeneralized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare and often refractory disease, and GPP flares can be life threatening. The rarity of GPP prevents the development and evaluation of effective GPP‐specific treatments and obstructs disease understanding.ObjectivesTo evaluate the frequency and severity of GPP flares and the clinical background and treatment history of patients with GPP in Japan.MethodsThis retrospective, longitudinal, Japanese chart review study included patients diagnosed with GPP (according to Japanese Dermatological Association [JDA] diagnostic criteria), with ≥6 months of continuous observation within 10 years of protocol approval at study sites. Primary outcomes: the frequency and severity of GPP flares during follow‐up. Secondary outcomes: patient characteristics (at time of initial GPP diagnosis) and GPP treatment during follow‐up.ResultsOverall, 205 Japanese patients were included; 106/205 (51.7%) were male, 146/205 (71.2%) were aged <65 years. Few patients had a family history of GPP (7/155, 4.5%) or psoriasis‐related diseases (6/120, 5.0%). At baseline, 36.1% (74/205), 30.7% (63/205) and 33.2% (68/205) of patients had mild, moderate and severe GPP, respectively; GPP flares were reported by 177/205 patients (86.3%), which were mostly moderate in severity (52/205; 25.4%) or severe (99/205; 48.3%). During follow‐up, GPP flares were reported by 70/205 patients (34.1%): 47/205 (22.9%) had 1 flare and 23/205 (11.2%) had ≥2. Among the 106 flare events reported during follow‐up, 1 was mild, 55 were moderate and 50 were severe. The median time to first GPP flare was 7.7 years and the overall incidence of GPP flares during follow‐up was 11.5/100 person‐years. During follow‐up, topical treatment (195/205; 95.1%), systemic therapy other than corticosteroids (177/205; 86.3%) and biologics (163/205; 79.5%) were most frequently used.ConclusionsDuring follow‐up, over one‐third of Japanese patients with GPP experienced mostly moderate‐to‐severe GPP flares, despite available treatments. There remains an unmet need for effective GPP treatment options.
Biomolecular condensates: Formation mechanisms, biological functions, and therapeutic targets
Authors: Niu Xin , Zhang Lei , Wu Yuchen , Zong Zhi , Wang Bin , Liu Jisheng , Zhang Long , Zhou Fangfang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBiomolecular condensates are cellular structures composed of membraneless assemblies comprising proteins or nucleic acids. The formation of these condensates requires components to change from a state of solubility separation from the surrounding environment by undergoing phase transition and condensation. Over the past decade, it has become widely appreciated that biomolecular condensates are ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells and play a vital role in physiological and pathological processes. These condensates may provide promising targets for the clinic research. Recently, a series of pathological and physiological processes have been found associated with the dysfunction of condensates, and a range of targets and methods have been demonstrated to modulate the formation of these condensates. A more extensive description of biomolecular condensates is urgently needed for the development of novel therapies. In this review, we summarized the current understanding of biomolecular condensates and the molecular mechanisms of their formation. Moreover, we reviewed the functions of condensates and therapeutic targets for diseases. We further highlighted the available regulatory targets and methods, discussed the significance and challenges of targeting these condensates. Reviewing the latest developments in biomolecular condensate research could be essential in translating our current knowledge on the use of condensates for clinical therapeutic strategies.
Cost‐sharing procurement contracts with embedded reciprocal behavior
Authors: Jiang Li , Xu Jiangwei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper develops a simple linear formulation of cost‐sharing procurement contracts into which reciprocal behavior is embedded. The comparative static analysis shows that the reciprocal behavior is negatively associated with the incentive. Both the cost uncertainty and the supplier's risk aversion have a positive influence on the reciprocal behavior and cooperation between buyers and suppliers. Compared to the second‐best solution in the existing principalagent literature under asymmetric information, this paper finds that the presented model is a Pareto improvement under modest restriction even if cost‐reducing effort is unverifiable. The reciprocal model has the properties of first‐best optimal social surplus.
UWB‐BPF based on broadside coupled technology with triple‐notched passband
Authors: Sazid Mohd , Raghava N. S. , Ghazali Abu Nasar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA miniaturized ultra‐wideband (UWB) bandpass filter (BPF) based on broadside coupled technology with multiple passband notches is reported. The basic geometry of BPF has microstrip lines on the top plane coupled to the modified short‐circuited coplanar waveguide in the bottom plane. This broadside alignment leads to the development of a UWB response with good frequency characteristics due to the presence of two transmission zeros at lower/upper passband edges. Later, multiple circular resonators and one complimentary folded split ring resonator are embedded into the basic architecture to develop triple passband notches at our frequencies of interest. Eventually, a prototype is fabricated and tested to validate the simulated data. The proposed BPF occupies a minimal physical area of 14 × 11.4 mm2.
A novel broadband 3 × 4 Butler matrix beamforming network without crossovers
Authors: Wu Xiaoqing , Shen Lin‐Ping , Zhang Lijun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA novel broadband three‐input four‐output (3 × 4) Butler matrix (BM) without crossover is presented for the wider band operation. The proposed 3 × 4 BM is composed of three 3 dB branch‐line directional couplers, one T‐splitter power divider, and two 90° phase shifters. Unlike the traditional BM, the proposed BM network has successfully eliminated the crossover connection for simplifying the network, which operates in a wide operating range. For the validation of the design, a planar single‐layer 3 × 4 BM working at the frequency band of 1.69–2.69 GHz is designed, fabricated, and measured. The measurement result gives bandwidth up to 46% with return loss better than 14.3 dB at the full operating frequency band.
Large‐scale failure prediction of clay rock from small‐scale damage mechanisms of the rock medium using multiscale modelling
Authors: Mourlas Christos , Pardoen Benoît , Bésuelle Pierre 
Published: March 2023

AbstractClay rocks are multiphase porous media whose complex structure is characterised by heterogeneity and possible anisotropy on a wide range of scales. The mesoscopic scale plays a particular role in deformation mechanisms under mechanical loading by cracking. The behaviour of rocks at mesoscale is characterised by the material and morphological (shape and size) properties of its components and their interactions. The accurate reproduction and influence of these mesoscale characteristics on the material behaviour and damage at large scale remain a complex issue. This question becomes crucial when investigating the underground stability during excavation works such as tunnels. In this numerical multi‐scale study, the mesostructure characteristics are embedded in a Representative Elementary Area (REA) in a 2D configuration. A double‐scale numerical framework, with finite element resolution at both scales (FE2) and computational homogenisation, is considered. The influence of the mesostructural characteristics of a heterogeneous rock and the effect of different inter‐granular properties on their macroscopic behaviour, are examined. Additionally, a predictive strategy which is based on the connection between the failure modes of the REA and the failure mechanisms of the macroscale structure is also presented. This study investigates the effect of the mesocracking on the shear banding in a rock specimen during laboratory biaxial shear test and the development of the Excavation Damaged Zone (EDZ) around tunnels. The objective of this work is to explain the failure mechanisms observed up to the engineering scale of underground structures through the morphological and material small‐scale characteristics of the REA.
Construction and application of enhanced recovery after surgery‐optimized management system with nurse‐led multidisciplinary cooperation
Authors: Xiaoyan Chen , Wenbin He , Li Du , Lijun Li , Yan Yin , Ting Wang , Xueyu He , Fang Lu , Bei Wang , Bilong Feng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effect of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS)‐optimized management system with nurse‐led multidisciplinary cooperation.DesignA quasi‐experimental design.MethodsNursing department cooperated with medical and clinical department to establish an ERAS‐optimized management system. After the system was developed, it was applied in surgical departments of the hospital. Using convenience sampling, 220 selective surgical patients, 82 nurses and 98 doctors from January 1st, 2021 to July 31st, 2021 were selected as the trial group. 220 selective surgical patients, 82 nurses and 98 doctors were selected as the control group from January 1st, 2020 to July 31st, 2020. ERAS observation indicators were compared between the two groups before and 6 months after implementation. The nurse professional identity scores and satisfaction of medical cooperation scores of the two groups at different time points were analysed by repeated analysis of variance.ResultsAfter the implementation, ERAS observation indicators in the trial group were better than the control group (p < 0.05). There were significant differences in the group main effect, time main effect and interaction effect of nurse professional identity scores, satisfaction of medical cooperation scores and scores in all dimensions between the two groups (p < 0.05). The scores of the experimental group at 3 months and 6 months after implementation were better than those of the control group (p < 0.05).ConclusionsEnhanced recovery after surgery‐optimized management system with nurse‐led multidisciplinary cooperation was an effective working method. It could promote patients recovery and enhance nurse professional identity.
Reinforcing value of food, enriched home environment, and changes in percent overweight in children
Authors: Carr Katelyn A. , Black Whitney , Guth Catherine , Shapiro Lilianna , Leone Lucia A. , Temple Jennifer L. , Epstein Leonard H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe decision to eat is often a choice made in the context of food and non‐food alternatives. However, no research, to the authors' knowledge, has assessed the combination of the motivation to eat, as indexed by the relative reinforcing value of food (RRVFOOD), and the enriched home environment, i.e., access to activities that can serve as alternatives to eating on weight gain.MethodsThis study used a cross‐sectional design to study how RRVFOOD and the enriched home environment predict percent overweight change over 2 years in 291 children aged 6 to 9 years and of varying socioeconomic status.ResultsResults showed that RRVFOOD and access to food were positively associated with baseline percent overweight, and an enriched home environment was negatively related to baseline percent overweight. RRVFOOD and an enriched home environment interacted to predict change in percent overweight. Children with a high relative RRVFOOD and a relatively non‐enriched environment showed the greatest relative weight gain.ConclusionsThese results suggest that providing an enriched home environment may reduce the effects of food reinforcement and being motivated to eat on weight gain in childhood, and this represents a novel approach to intervention that can be used to strengthen current behavioral approaches to prevent obesity in children.
Social jet lag and (changes in) glycemic and metabolic control in people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Bouman Emma J. , Beulens Joline W. J. , den Braver Nicolette R. , Blom Marieke T. , Remmelzwaal Sharon , Elders Petra J. M. , Rutters Femke 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveSocial jet lag, i.e., the discordance among social and biological rhythms, is associated with poor metabolic control. This study aimed to assess cross‐sectional and longitudinal associations among social jet lag and glycemic and metabolic control in people with type 2 diabetes.MethodsIn a prospective cohort (N = 990) with type 2 diabetes, social jet lag was measured at baseline using daily diaries and was categorized (high, moderate, or low). Metabolic outcomes were assessed at baseline and at 1 and 2 years of follow‐up. Associations among social jet lag and glycemic and metabolic control were analyzed using linear regression and linear mixed models adjusted for confounding factors. Analyses were stratified for work status (retired vs. working; p value for interaction = 0.007 for glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c]).ResultsIn working people, a cross‐sectional association between high social jet lag and HbA1c (1.87 mmol/mol [95% CI: 0.75 to 2.99]) and blood pressure (5.81 mm Hg [95% CI: 4.04 to 7.59]) was observed. For retired people, high social jet lag was negatively associated with HbA1c (−1.58 mmol/mol [95% CI: −2.54 to −0.62]), glucose (−0.19 mmoL/L [95% CI:−0.36 to −0.01]), and blood pressure (−3.70 mm Hg [95% CI: −5.36 to −2.04]), and the association with BMI was positive (1.12 kg/m2 [95% CI: 0.74 to 1.51]). Prospective associations had the same direction as cross‐sectional findings but were nonsignificant for working or retired people.ConclusionsSocial jet lag was cross‐sectionally, but not prospectively, associated with glycemic and metabolic markers. Interaction with work status was present, and directions of the associations were generally detrimental in the working population, whereas higher social jet lag was associated with improved glycemic and metabolic control for retired people.
Data filtering‐based parameter estimation algorithms for a class of nonlinear systems with colored noises
Authors: Zhang Chen , Liu Yang , Li Li , Song Fazhi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article studies the data filtering‐based identification algorithms for a class of nonlinear system with autoregressive noise. By means of the data filtering technique and the hierarchical identification principle, the identification model is transformed into two sub‐identification models, and a filtering hierarchical gradient‐based iterative algorithm is proposed for improving parameter estimation accuracy and reducing computational burden. Meanwhile, to further improve the identification performance, the multi‐innovation identification theory is used to derived the filtering hierarchical multi‐innovation gradient‐based iterative algorithm. The gradient‐based iterative algorithm is given for comparison. The analysis shows that the filtering hierarchical gradient‐based iterative algorithm has smaller computational burden and can give more accurate parameter estimates than the gradient‐based iterative algorithm, and the filtering hierarchical multi‐innovation gradient‐based iterative algorithm can track time‐varying parameters based on the dynamical window data. Finally, the example part is provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Ja spinnen die denn, die Myonen?
Authors: Corrodi Simon , Fertl Martin , Winter Peter 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDas Myon‐g‐2‐Experiment am Fermilab hat eine Abweichung des anomalen magnetischen Moments des Myons von der theoretischen Vorhersage gemessen, die nun zusammen mit dem Resultat des Brookhaven National Laboratory auf mehr als vier Sigma gestiegen ist – ein spannender Hinweis auf Physik jenseits des Standardmodells. Und die Kollaboration ist auf sehr gutem Weg, eine noch höhere experimentelle Präzision von 0,14 ppm zu erreichen, eine etwa vierfache Verbesserung gegenüber dem Vorgängerexperiment. Wichtig zu wissen ist auch, dass japanische Kollegen am J‐PARC in der Nähe von Tokio daran arbeiten, ein neues Myon‐g‐2‐Experiment aufzubauen, das ein deutlich anderes Design verwendet und damit als unabhängig angesehen werden kann. Eine zusätzliche Bestätigung der Messungen am Fermilab durch dieses neue Experiment wäre ein weiterer wichtiger Schritt, das Vertrauen in die experimentelle Bestimmung des anomalen magnetischen Momentes des Myons weiter zu erhöhen. Auf jeden Fall bleibt es spannend zu sehen, wie sich die Abweichung zwischen Experiment und Theorie in den kommenden Jahren entwickeln wird. Bleiben Sie also am Ball, um zu sehen, wer spinnt: die Myonen oder die Theorie!!
Attitudes to reducing cervical screening frequency among UK women: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Rickford Rose , Rogers Melanie , Halliday Abigail , Lamptey Pearl , Kola‐Palmer Susanna 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveCervical cancer remains a significant health threat amongst women globally despite most cervical cancers being preventable through screening and Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccination. With the introduction of HPV testing and vaccination, evidence suggests that the frequency of cervical screening for women can be reduced. However, there is limited evidence on women's attitudes to possible changes to the cervical screening programme. This study explored attitudes, perceptions and beliefs of women in the United Kingdom (UK) regarding potential changes to the National Cervical Screening Programme.MethodForty‐four women were interviewed between November 2018 and March 2019. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to identify key themes.ResultsMost participants were opposed to any reduction in cervical screening frequency. Reasons included perceptions that disease would develop undetected, disempowerment, increased anxiety, reduced motivation to attend, and inefficient use of health care resources. Women perceived that they were ill‐informed about the reasons for the proposed change, and that access to evidence for the basis of proposed changes may persuade them to accept reduced screening frequency. Women believed that cervical screening is a test for cancer and that HPV vaccination does not provide reliable protection against cervical cancer. These beliefs suggest that women's perception that they require more information about the basis for reduced screening frequency is correct.ConclusionAny changes to cervical screening frequency need to ensure public support and trust through a robust public health initiative clearly identifying the rationale for any changes.
Effects of sub‐mm cylindrical voids on detonation performance in PBX 9501
Authors: Montoya Gabriel A. , Chapman Wesley W. , Lawrence Joseph R. , Salyer Terry R. , Son Steven F. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInternal features of varying scale and geometry are always present in explosives systems. Below a critical length, dependent on the explosive, these features can operate as a driving force for energy concentration and reaction, known as hotspots. At larger length scales, internal features result in jetting and detonation wave shaping, allowing for bulk work to be done by the explosive as is seen in shape charges. To date, a large volume of work has been performed to simulate hotspot ignition and large‐scale wave shaping. However, little experimental data exists on the effects of features in intermediate length scales, 0.1 to 1 millimeter. It has been observed in many tests that these small‐scale features can influence the high explosive (HE) performance and in some cases cause substantial damage to adjacent systems. This work provides quantitative data on the effects of machined voids moderately above more typical hotspot lengths, 0.3–0.8 mm in diameter, in PBX 9501 pressed to 1.785 g cm−3±2.5 mg cm−3. Streak imaging was used to visualize void collapse, jet velocity, re‐initiation time, and wave shape evolution. Delay in detonation front propagation time was found to be linearly dependent on the void diameter and jet velocity was found to be independent within the tested range and resolution. Cut‐back experiments were used to investigate wave shape distortion and evolution downstream of the void, showing consistent growth and decay shapes across all void sizes. Simulations using CTH, a hydrocode by Sandia National Laboratory, were used to investigate void collapse showing agreement with the trends of experimental results but yielded inaccurate wave shape development delay values. Both simulation and experimental results identified several re‐initiation mechanisms with jetting and subsequent double shocking of localized HE being the dominant mechanisms for the void sizes that were studied.