bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CRÍTICA A UM FUTURO DETERMINADO
Authors: Rios Maria Beatriz Lugão , Alvarenga Marcia Soares de 
Published: February 2023

O presente artigo, escrito em caráter de ensaio, tem por objetivo analisar as projeções do relatório “O mundo em 2021”, publicado pela revista inglesa The Economist, no qual são apontadas perspectivas para um futuro próximo, buscando desvelar seus conflitos, que não foram expressas pela visão hegemônica representada por esta publicação. A partir desta fonte documental, o artigo apresenta um breve resumo da história, ideologia e estrutura da revista. Em seguida, realiza o recorte de dois temas, dentre os vinte abordados pelo relatório, que constituem particular interesse para os estudos do campo trabalho e educação: a redução da força de trabalho, o fortalecimento do ensino híbrido em contexto pós-pandêmico. Para análise dos temas, o artigo é apoiado no diálogo com autores do campo do materialismo histórico-dialético, destacando as formulações de Antonio Gramsci, István Mészarós, Georg Lukács, Dermeval Saviani, Gaudêncio Frigotto, a partir dos quais são apresentados contrapontos críticos aos pressupostos deterministas do que é apontado pelo referido relatório como o novo processo econômico/social. Nas considerações finais discute-se as repercussões para o sistema escolar: a universalização da ocupação laboral produtiva remunerada e a universalização da educação escolarizada em uma pauta geral de transformações das relações de trabalho acentuadas pela atual crise sanitária.

Palavras-chave: Trabalho e Educação. Formação Humana. The Economist. Crise sanitária.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy after Takeuchi procedure for anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery syndrome
Authors: Aydin Derya , Dogan Eser , Levent Ertürk 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) syndrome is a rare condition. Surgical intervention is indicated in all diagnosed patients. Successful repair is expected to correct left ventricle (LV) functions and heart failure, reduce mitral regurgitation, and resolve infarct patterns observed on electrocardiogram. For this reason, compared to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, ALCAPA is considered a curable form of dilated cardiomyopathy. In this article, we present the case of 3-month-old girl who underwent the Takeuchi procedure for ALCAPA syndrome and developed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy despite expectations of improved LV function.
Hot water extract from spent mushroom substrate of Ganoderma lucidu m improves immune function in immune deficient mice
Authors: Liu Yanling , Meng Tong , Wang Tong , Li Jing , Zhang Wei , Lin Biaosheng , Chen Jihui , Lin Zhanxi , Lin Biaosheng 
Published: February 2023

Purpose: To investigate the effects of hot water extract of the spent mushroom substrate from Ganoderma lucidum (HWE) on the immune functions of immune-deficient mice in the presence or absence of cyclophosphamide.
Methods: The C57BL/6 mice were treated with varying doses of HWE and cyclophosphamide, and the spleen transcriptome was evaluated by high-throughput sequencing. Pathway enrichment analysis was conducted to generate an overview of differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) functions and interactions.
Results: Significant DEGs were observed among the control (CK), normal control (HWE), model (CY), and high-dose HWE (CY + HWEH) groups (p < 0.05). Compared with CK group, HWE and CY + HWEH groups showed upregulation of genes (Alas2, CCNE1, and CCNA2), whereas genes encoding major histocompatibility complex components, costimulatory factors, proinflammatory chemokines, and inflammatory chemokines were significantly downregulated (p < 0.05). Compared with CY group, multiple tumor suppressor and tumorigenesis genes, such as CDKN1A, CDKN1B, MAPK10, and TN-C, were downregulated in CK, HWE, and CY + HWEH groups.
Conclusion: This study highlights changes in the spleen transcriptomic profiles of C57BL/6 mice treated with HWE and CY, indicating that HWE improves immunomodulation in a mouse model with immune deficiency. Hot water extract of the spent mushroom substrate from Ganoderma lucidum (HWE) has potentials as an immune enhancer in immunocompromised patients.
Effect of clopidogrel on post extraction clotting in patients on dual antiplatelet therapy
Authors: Zhang Yaqiong , Zhao Yijie Zhao , Wang Meng , Wang Jiaqi , Yang Zhicheng , Lu Mengmeng 
Published: February 2023

Purpose: To evaluate the association between the platelet inhibition rate of clopidogrel (CLO-PIR) and post-extraction clotting status in DAPT patients.
Methods: Ninety (90) eligible patients scheduled for a single tooth extraction were enrolled in this study. The CLO-PIR and platelet inhibition rate of aspirin (ASA-PIR) were determined by thromboelastography platelet mapping assay. Post-extraction clotting assessments were performed, and a complete intra-alveolar clot formation within 30 min post-operation was defined as normal clotting. For clot formation exceeding 30 min, it was defined as prolonged bleeding.
Results: At a similar level of ASA-PIR, a higher proportion of patients with normal CLO-PIR (≤ 75 %) exhibited normal clotting, compared with those featuring high CLO-PIR (>75 %, p < 0.001). However, in patients with similar CLO-PIRs, the clotting results varied insignificantly, with increase in ASA-PIR. The effect of CLO-PIR was further validated using logistic regression analysis (odds ratio = 1.071, 95 % confidence interval: 1.024 - 1.120, p = 0.003), and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that a 78.6 % CLO-PIR was the rational cut-off point.
Conclusion: This study preliminarily demonstrates the prominence of high clopidogrel responsiveness in slowing the post-extraction clotting process in DAPT patients.
Emodin induces osteosarcoma cell apoptosis by promoting ATM protein cleavage
Authors: Liao Ran , Cao Jianfeng 
Published: February 2023

Purpose: To investigate the effect of emodin on osteosarcoma cell proliferation and apoptosis.
Methods: The osteosarcoma cell proliferation ability was determined by CCK-8, apoptosis level and cell cycle were determined via flow cytometry. Honechst staining was used to determine the ratio of nuclear pyknosis, Western blotting was used to determine the expression of AKT, p-AKT and caspase-3 precursor protein in each group of osteosarcoma cells.
Results: Emodin significantly inhibited the MG-63 cell proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). It further blocked osteosarcoma cells in G1/G0 phase and decreased the expression of AKT, p-AKT, and caspase-3 (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Emodin inhibits osteosarcoma cell growth by inhibiting ATM protein cleavage. There is a need to carry out further investigation of the effect of emodin on osteosarcoma cells using animal models in order to ascertain its potential in the management of osteosarcoma.
Hilbert, David (1862–1943)
Authors: Detlefsen Michael 
Published: February 2023

Hilbert is commonly regarded as one of the two leading mathematicians of the early 20th century, the other being Henri Poincaré (1854–1912). Hilbert made important contributions to a remarkable variety of subjects, including the theory of invariants, algebraic number theory (where he also wrote a widely acclaimed general report, the so-called Zahlbericht (1897)), algebraic geometry, the theory of integral equations and Hilbert spaces, mathematical physics and the foundations of mathematics.
Hilbert’s ideas in the foundations of mathematics were original and influential. The philosophically most significant were those concerning the development of his so-called formalist program. These included most importantly a conception of mathematical proof which allowed for the use of non-contentual, and more specifically symbolic methods of reasoning. By this is meant reasoning which makes no use of interpretations (or contents) of the expressions used in the reasoning. In accordance with this, Hilbert conceived a new plan for consistency proofs, specifically, an alternative to model construction as a means of proving the consistency of arithmetic (specifically, the arithmetic of the real numbers, or analysis). This was Hilbert’s so-called proof theory (Beweistheorie), a plan he had at least vestigially in mind in his early foundational work, and which he and his students developed more fully in later work.
In the summer of 1900 Hilbert addressed the international congress of mathematicians in Paris. In that address, he presented a list of problems for 20th-century mathematics. The second problem on this list called for a proof of consistency for arithmetic (specifically, the arithmetic of the real numbers). More specifically, he called for a direct proof of the consistency of arithmetic. By a direct proof of consistency, Hilbert mainly meant a proof which does not merely establish the consistency of arithmetic relative to that of some other axiomatic theory. Eventually, however, it came to mean something more – namely, proof which proceeds directly from a description of the basic acts of symbol manipulation which, in Hilbert’s view, constituted (at least in part) the fundamental operations of mathematical reasoning. In Hilbert’s view, this proof-theoretic approach to the consistency problem for arithmetic was ultimately the only satisfactory approach to it.
Hope
Authors: Smith Nicholas Ryan 
Published: February 2023

The philosophical literature on hope centres around the nature and value of hope, where hope may be construed as an attitude, emotion, or virtue. Concerning the nature of hope as an attitude or emotion, there is broad agreement that it involves desire for something uncertain. There is disagreement, however, regarding whether desire for what is uncertain is all that hope requires.
Concerning the value of hope, many philosophers argue that hope is often valuable in that it helps people overcome obstacles and cope with difficult situations. Some argue that hope is necessary for deliberating about what to do and for being motivated to pursue goals. Hope has also been connected to courage, solidarity, stability, and increased understanding, among other things.
In Christian moral theology, the virtue of hope, along with those of faith and love (charity), is regarded as a theological virtue. In addition, some contemporary philosophers develop accounts of moral and intellectual virtues of hope.
Events
Authors: Goswick Dana 
Published: February 2023

Events are happenings, occurrences and changes objects undergo, e.g. Kate’s singing, Jane’s pouring the milk, John’s walking. Events are typically understood in contrast to objects – where events are entities which occur and objects are entities which exist. Although this traditional way of understanding the distinction becomes blurred when the (now standard) way of thinking of objects as four-dimensional continuants which are composed of instantaneous temporal parts is brought into the picture, it remains a useful starting point for understanding what events are.
Beyond the very general claim that events are occurrences, not much can be said, in general, about events, as there is great variation within the events literature. Roderick Chisholm argues that events are states of affairs which imply change. As such, they are universals which can recur. W.V.O. Quine argues that events are the material contents of regions of spacetime. He, thus, takes there to be no difference between events and objects and endorses a very coarse-grained account of events, so e.g. if Kate sings and skips simultaneously, then there’s just one event which is both a singing and a skipping. Donald Davidson takes an event to be a fundamental sui generis ontological category. Events are non-reductive concrete particulars which are individuated by their causal roles. Jaegwon Kim takes events to reduce to their component object, property and time. So, for instance, the event Kate’s singing = [object: Kate, property: singing, time: 8 a.m.–8:15 a.m. on 22 January 2015]. How fine-grained Kim’s account of events is will depend on how much detail one builds into an event’s constituent property. David Lewis takes events to be sets which have as their members the smallest region of each world at which the relevant event occurs. So, for instance, if the birth of Prince George occurs at wa, w1, w3, w4 and w6, then the event Prince George’s birth is {wab, w1b, w3b, w4b, w6b} where each ‘wib’ picks out the smallest region of spacetime at the relevant world within which Prince George was born. Lewis’s account of events offers great flexibility – many sets will be formally eligible to be events and one can pick and choose among the formally eligible sets only the events which are relevant for one’s particular purpose, e.g., in Lewis’s case, giving an account of causation.
In addition to the metaphysics of events, important questions in the events literature include (i) How is the ontological category of event related to other nearby ontological categories, such as state, fact and object?, and (ii) What semantics best captures our talk of events? I will address each of these questions in turn.
Monism
Authors: O’Conaill Donnchadh 
Published: February 2023

The basic idea of monism is that reality is, fundamentally, one. This contrasts with any view on which reality is, fundamentally, many, or with any view on which reality is not fundamentally any way at all.
The basic monistic idea can be understood in different ways. One important distinction is that between existence monism, on which reality just is a single entity, and priority monism, on which there is just one fundamental entity (though there may be numerous nonfundamental entities). Monism is thus properly understood as a family of metaphysical positions.
Different versions of monism have been supported in a variety of ways. Priority monism has been defended by arguments from quantum entanglement (it is claimed that the cosmos as a whole is an entangled system, and such systems are more fundamental than their parts). In addition, it has been supported by arguments from general metaphysical principles, for instance from the possibility of gunk (that every entity has proper parts); priority monism can accommodate this possibility, whereas rival views may not be able to. Existence monism can be defended by appeals to parsimony, and also by arguments from vagueness (any object short of reality as a whole would have vague boundaries, but there are independent reasons to think that no object can be vague in this way).
The arguments in favour of monism have themselves been criticized; for instance, different conceptions of quantum entanglement have been offered, on which the entangled system is not more fundamental than its parts. Priority monism has been criticized for relying on contentious assumptions about fundamentality. It has also been claimed that it cannot accommodate the possibility of parts of the cosmos themselves having intrinsic properties. Existence monism has been criticized for not being able to accommodate facts about conscious experiences. In addition to this, existence monism must deal with the obvious problem that there seem to be many more objects than reality as a whole.
Truth, correspondence theory of
Authors: Rasmussen Joshua 
Published: February 2023

The correspondence theory in its simplest form says that truth is a connection to reality. To be true is to accurately describe – in other words, match, picture, depict, express, conform to, agree with or correspond to – the real world or parts of it. For example, the proposition that a cat is on a mat is true if a real cat is on a real mat. Otherwise, that proposition fails to be true. In general, the truth of a proposition is sensitive to how real things are. In short, truth connects to reality.
There are different ways to articulate the connection between true things and the reality they describe. Some theories, for example, treat the connection as a structural relation that ties constituents of a true thing to constituents of the world. Other theories treat the connection as a nonstructural correlation between true things and the world. This difference between structural and correlation theories depends on one’s theories of three components: true things, real things described by the true things, and the correspondence between true things and real things. All versions of the correspondence theory arise from theories of these components.
A principle advantage of a correspondence theory is that it accounts for the apparent correlation between the aspects of reality and the truth-value of a proposition. When the cat is on the mat, the proposition that the cat is on the mat is true. If the cat gets off the mat, that proposition is not true. Therefore, a change in the cat correlates with a change in the proposition. Why? The correspondence theory predicts this correlation by analysing truth as a connection to reality.
A principle challenge, on the other hand, is to understand the nature of the connection. There are metaphysical and epistemological worries. On the metaphysical side, there is the worry that a correspondence relation is intolerably mysterious. Correspondence is not analysable in terms of familiar physical relations, like distance or force. So what is correspondence? Some philosophers worry that by analysing truth as correspondence you exchange the mystery of truth for a greater mystery. On the epistemology side, there is the worry that you could never know whether a proposition corresponds with things beyond your head, since you can’t get outside your head to see things as they are. The worry here is that you cannot know whether any proposition is true if truth requires correspondence.
Another challenge arises from alleged counterexamples. It is true that there are no hobbits. Yet, it is unclear how a true proposition about what is not real could correspond to something that is real.
A common response to the challenges involves developing theories of the components involved. For example, there are structural accounts of correspondence designed to remove the metaphysical and epistemological mysteries. Moreover, there are accounts of negative facts, which serve as correspondents for negative truths.
Causation, further themes
Authors: Fernandes Alison 
Published: February 2023

Recent work in the philosophy of causation has explored a number of issues relating to the objectivity of causation, including the place of causation in metaphysics and science, its temporal asymmetry, and whether causation is context-sensitive.
Regarding the place of causation, some have argued that causation is fundamental, such that the most basic level of reality is structured in causal terms (Tooley). Others take causation to be a higher-level phenomenon, and either attempt to derive causal relations from more basic noncausal relations (Lewis) or accept that causal relations are irreducible (Woodward). Others still take a more sceptical approach, and question the need for giving a metaphysics of causation (Price). How one conceives of causation’s place has implications for both the relation between fundamental physics and higher-level sciences, as well as the relation between science and metaphysics.
Regarding the temporal asymmetry of causation, a characteristic feature of causation is that causes come prior in time to their effects. We might accept this temporal asymmetry as a ‘metaphysical primitive’ – a basic feature of causation not to be further explained. But some, particularly those defending reductive accounts (Lewis, Loewer), have attempted to explain causation’s temporal asymmetry by relating it to other temporal asymmetries, such as those of evidence or entropy. While most accept that explanations of causation’s temporal asymmetry must appeal to special initial conditions, there is debate over what kind of initial conditions are required.
Finally, counterfactual accounts of causation seem able to recover much of what one might want from an account of causation. But it is unclear whether such accounts agree (or can be made to agree) with our intuitive causal judgements about core cases. Some remain sceptical that any counterfactual account of causation can succeed. Others have taken putative counterexamples to show that causation is context-sensitive, such that broadly pragmatic concerns are relevant to whether causal claims are either true or appropriate.
Vagueness
Authors: Mahtani Anna 
Published: February 2023

In ordinary conversation, we describe all sorts of different things as vague: you can have vague plans, vague ideas and vague aches and pains. In philosophy of language, in contrast, it is parts of language – words, expressions and so on – that are said to be vague. One classic example of a vague term is the word ‘heap’. A single grain clearly does not make a heap, and a million grains (when arranged in the right way) does make a heap, but where exactly does the boundary lie? How many grains do you need to make a heap? There seems to be no precise answer to this question, and because the term is imprecise in this way, we call it vague.
Vague terms are extremely common in natural language. The term ‘bald’ is vague, because there is no precise number of hairs that mark the boundary between ‘bald’ and ‘not bald’; the term ‘hot’ is vague because there is no precise temperature that something must reach to count as hot – and so on. As we have seen, adjectives can be vague, but so can nouns, adverbs and perhaps all parts of language. To find terms which are precise rather than vague, we need to look to the languages of logic and mathematics.
We can use vague terms to construct paradoxes known as sorites paradoxes. From an obviously true premise, such as that a collection of 1 million grains (in a certain arrangement) is a heap, together with the claim that ‘heap’ has no sharp boundary, we can derive the absurd conclusion that just 1 grain counts as a heap. Any theory of vagueness must offer some solution to this paradox. Some of the most popular theories of vagueness include supervaluationism, the degree theory of truth and the epistemic theory, and many of the available theories demand a radical rethink of classical accounts of logic and language.
Once in a Season – The Pragmatic Function of Fuck in “BoJack Horseman” TV Show
Authors: Grobelna Barbara 
Published: February 2023

This article investigates the use and pragmatic functions of the swear word fuck in the “BoJack Horseman” produced by Netflix and bridges the gap in the linguistic research on this particular TV show. Incorporating corpus linguistics tools, the BoJack Horseman Corpus was compiled and the lemma fuck has been investigated and analysed from the multimodal perspective. It occurs six times, just once per every season of the show, every time when the interlocutor expresses strong emotions, usually towards the eponymous character. The use of a swear word provides a vent for anger, disappointment, or surprise and creates an extralinguistic narrative frame, due to its economic use by the writers of the show.
Critical Discourse Analysis of the RIA Novosti News
Authors: Hui Lü , Yuanyuan Zhang 
Published: February 2023

This study is situated within corpus-based discourse analysis and provides a critical discussion on China in the Russian mainstream media RIA Novosti during the COVID-19 epidemic. The paper analyzes RIA Novosti’s reports on China during the pandemic COVID-19. The authors use Fairclough’s Three-Dimensional Model to explore the discourse representations of RIA Novosti’s reports on China during the epidemic and thus uncover the attitudes and stances of the Russian media and social cognition. The authors come to conclusion that RIA Novosti shows great concern about China during the pandemic by focusing on the epidemic itself and its impact. Additionally, Russian reports reflect the stages of China’s fight against the pandemic objectively, truthfully, and comprehensively. RIA Novosti holds a positive attitude towards China’s efforts to fight the epidemic. The study broadens the perspective of academic study of COVID-19 pandemic coverage in China from foreign media and enriches empirical research in Russian.