bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Absence of β-tubulin SNPs Associated with Drug Resistance in Ascaris lumbricoides Infections of School-Age Children in Bungoma County, Kenya
Authors: Maingi Peterson M. , Odiere Maurice R. , Antony Wekesa W. , Mbugua Amos 
Published: September 2023

Aims: This study compared the prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides infections pre- and post-deworming in school-age children in Bungoma County, western Kenya, to detect β-tubulin gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with drug resistance in these infections.
Study Design: A longitudinal study design was adopted.
Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted in Bungoma County, western Kenya. Stool samples were collected one month before (October 2021) and two weeks after the mass drug administration (MDA) deworming exercise (January 2022).
Methodology: 414 school-aged children were recruited for the study. Two hundred and two stool samples were collected pre-MDA while 212 were obtained post-MDA. Prevalence rates and infection intensities were determined using the Kato-Katz technique at both time points. Genomic DNA was extracted from selected pre- and all post-deworming positive A. lumbricoides eggs. Standard PCR generated a 564bp amplicon that surrounded the target codons 167, 198, and 200 of the A. lumbricoides β-tubulin gene which have been associated with the drug-resistant phenotype. Sixteen amplicons were sequenced using Sanger sequencing to detect the presence of SNPs at these loci.
Results: The overall pre-MDA and post-MDA STH prevalence rates were 33% and 6%, respectively, whereas the prevalence of A. lumbricoides infections alone was 31% and 4%, respectively. A. lumbricoides was the dominant infecting helminth species. However, a few samples (<5) had hookworms and T. trichiura. Sixteen sequences were generated covering codons 167, 198, and 200 of the β-tubulin gene of A. lumbricoides. Sequencing of the DNA samples revealed that no β-tubulin SNPs were present in the A. lumbricoides infections.
Conclusion: The persistence of some A. lumbricoides infections following MDA using mebendazole suggests the drug-resistant phenotype, but the possibility of less than 100% MDA coverage in schools could be an alternative explanation. However, it is noteworthy that even after over ten years of use of benzimidazole drugs in the Kenya school-based deworming program, there is no evidence of drug resistance SNPs. This study therefore supports the continued use of the current anti-helmintic drugs in this setting. We recommend continued use of molecular tools for regular surveillance of drug-resistant parasites as this is essential to ensure the effectiveness of the deworming program.
Cutaneous Adverse Events and Cancer Survival Prognosis With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment
Authors: Du Yaxin , Wu Wenjie , Chen Mei , Dong Zhengbang , Wang Fei 
Published: September 2023

ImportanceGrowing research suggests that the prevalence of cutaneous immune-related adverse events (cirAEs) is associated with favorable outcomes among individuals with cancer who receive immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment.ObjectiveTo identify whether the presence of cirAEs and their subtypes subsequent to ICI administration is associated with enhanced cancer prognosis.Data SourcesThe PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for publications examining the association between cirAE development during ICI treatment and subsequent cancer prognosis. The initial search was limited to English-language publications from database inception until December 31, 2022; a subsequent search was performed on May 21, 2023.Study SelectionTwo reviewers independently scrutinized the identical articles and included those that constituted original research evaluating the association between cirAE development and cancer prognosis.Data Extraction and SynthesisThe search terms, study objectives, and methodological protocols were defined before study initiation. The aforementioned 2 reviewers performed data extraction independently and resolved discrepancies through agreement. This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis and the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology reporting guidelines. The protocol was prospectively registered with PROSPERO. Data analyses were conducted between May 21 and June 1, 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe major outcome end points were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Subgroup analyses were also conducted according to cirAE type, cancer type, geographic region, study design, and ICI type. Given the heterogeneity inherent in the included studies, a DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model was adopted.ResultsThis systematic review and meta-analysis included 23 studies with a total of 22 749 patients treated with ICIs. The occurrence of cirAEs was associated with improved OS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.61 [95% CI, 0.52-0.72]; P &amp;lt; .001) and PFS (HR, 0.52 [95% CI, 0.41-0.65]; P &amp;lt; .001). Consistent results were observed across all subgroups stratified by study design, geographic region, ICI type, and cancer type, aligning with the overall estimate of OS and PFS improvement. However, no statistically significant differences were identified in terms of PFS within studies conducted in the US.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, the presence of cirAEs and their subtypes was associated with improved prognosis for individuals with cancer undergoing ICI treatment. These findings suggest that cirAEs may have useful prognostic value in ICI treatment.
Salpingectomy for the Primary Prevention of Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Kahn Ryan M. , Gordhandas Sushmita , Godwin Kendra , Stone Rebecca L. , Worley Michael J. , Lu Karen H. , Long Roche Kara C. 
Published: September 2023

ImportanceMost ovarian cancers originate in the fimbriated end of the fallopian tube. This has led to the hypothesis that surgical resection of the fallopian tubes at the time of gynecologic and nongynecologic surgical procedures—referred to as an opportunistic salpingectomy—may prevent the development of epithelial ovarian cancer for women at an average risk of developing the disease.ObjectiveTo compile a comprehensive, state-of-the-science review examining the current landscape of performing bilateral salpingectomy for ovarian cancer prevention.Evidence ReviewA systematic review of the literature was performed on March 4, 2022, to identify studies examining salpingectomy for ovarian cancer prevention. This review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) 2020 statement. Four databases were selected: PubMed via the National Library of Medicine’s PubMed.gov, Embase via Elsevier’s Embase.com, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) via Wiley’s Cochrane Library, and Northern Light Life Sciences Conference Abstracts via Ovid. A total of 20 gray literature sources, including 1 database, 2 registers, 1 repository, 1 index, 1 archive, 1 preprint server, 1 agency, and 12 organizations, were also searched.FindingsThe initial search produced 1089 results; a total of 158 publications were included in the final review. Salpingectomy has been associated with ovarian cancer risk reduction of approximately 80%. Studies have demonstrated that salpingectomy was safe, cost-effective, and was not associated with an earlier age of menopause onset. With widespread implementation, salpingectomy has the potential to reduce ovarian cancer mortality in the US by an estimated 15%. Both physician and patient awareness regarding the adnexa as the origin for most ovarian cancers, as well as the existence of salpingectomy and its potential benefits in reducing ovarian cancer risk, has increased during the past decade. Raising awareness and developing effective implementation strategies are essential.Conclusions and RelevanceThe results of this systematic review suggest that bilateral salpingectomy for ovarian cancer prevention was safe and feasible and has the potential to be a cost-effective and cost-saving strategy across the population. Prospective studies to demonstrate long-term survival outcomes and feasibility in nongynecologic surgical procedures are warranted.
Dynamic Concentration of Alloying Element on Anode Surface Enabling Cycle‐Stable Li Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Xiancheng , He Yufang , Liu Shiyu , Li Yuanjian , Tu Shuibin , Zhan Renming , Chen Zihe , Fu Junjie , Cai Zhao , Wang Li , Sun Yongming 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe pursuit of high energy density Li‐based rechargeable batteries has intrigued numerous research interest on Li metal anode. However, several significant challenges, including severe parasitic reactions and growth of Li dendrites, lead to fast electrode failure and impede its practical implantation. Herein, it is revealed that the dynamic concentration of alloying element in Li solid solution can significantly improve the cycling stability. It is demonstrated that the alloying element of Li solid solution continuously evolved in the reaction layer on cycling. Alloying element got enriched on anode surface after Li stripping, and re‐dispersed into the deposited Li during Li plating processes. The alloying element‐rich surface can reduce the Li nucleation barrier and promote the uniform Li plating behavior. Ultrathin Li solid solution foils are fabricated, and the dynamic alloying element concentration mechanism is further verified, and the cycling lifespan of pure Li is doubled. Consequently, a 1.4 Ah laminated pouch cell with ultrathin Li solid solution anode (30 µm) exhibits high energy density of 836 Wh L−1 and stable cycling performance under the harsh conditions with low negative/positive capacity (N/P) ratio of 2 and electrolyte/capacity (E/C) ratio of 2.6 g Ah−1.
Formation and Investigation of Cell‐Derived Nanovesicles as Potential Therapeutics against Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Ganguin Aymar Abel , Skorup Ivo , Streb Sebastian , Othman Alaa , Luciani Paola 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA new therapeutic approach using cell‐derived nanovesicles (cdNVs) is offered here to overcome the lack of effective treatments for liver fibrosis, a reversible chronic liver disease. To achieve this goal the formation and purification of cdNVs from untreated, quiescent‐like, or activated LX‐2 cells, an immortalized human hepatic stellate cell (HSC) line with key features of transdifferentiated HSCs are established. Analysis of the genotype and phenotype of naïve and transdifferentiated LX‐2 cells activated through transforming growth factor beta 1, following treatment with cdNVs, reveals a concentration‐dependent fibrosis regression. The beneficial fibrosis‐resolving effects of cdNVs are linked to their biomolecular corona. Liposomes generated using lipids extracted from cdNVs exhibit a reduced antifibrotic response in perpetuated LX‐2 cells and show a reduced cellular uptake. However, incubation with soluble factors collected during purification results in a new corona, thereby restoring fibrosis regression activity. Overall, cdNVs display encouraging therapeutic properties, making them a promising candidate for the development of liver fibrosis resolving therapeutics.
Aggregation‐induced emission polymers via reversible‐deactivation radical polymerization
Authors: Teo Nicholas Kai Shiang , Fan Bo , Ardana Aditya , Thang San H. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAggregation‐induced emission (AIE) is a unique phenomenon whereby aggregation of molecules induces fluorescence emission as opposed to the more commonly known aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ). AIE has the potential to be utilized in the large‐scale production of AIE‐active polymeric materials because of their wide range of practical applications such as stimuli‐responsive sensors, biological imaging agents, and drug delivery systems. This is evident from the increasing number of publications over the years since AIE was first discovered. In addition, the ever‐growing interest in this field has led many researchers around the world to develop new and creative methods in the design of monomers, initiators and crosslinkers, with the goal of broadening the scope and utility of AIE polymers. One of the most promising approaches to the design and synthesis of AIE polymers is the use of the reversible‐deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) techniques, which enabled the production of well‐controlled AIE materials that are often difficult to achieve by other methods. In this review, a summary of some recent works that utilize RDRP for AIE polymer design and synthesis is presented, including (i) the design of AIE‐related monomers, initiators/crosslinkers; the achievements in preparation of AIE polymers using (ii) reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) technique; (iii) atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) technique; (iv) other techniques such as Cu(0)‐RDRP technique and nitroxide‐mediated polymerization (NMP) technique; (v) the possible applications of these AIE polymers, and finally (vi) a summary/perspective and the future direction of AIE polymers.
Measurable residual disease monitoring in patients with acute myeloid leukemia treated with lower‐intensity therapy: Roadmap from an ELN‐DAVID expert panel
Authors: Ravandi Farhad , Cloos Jacqueline , Buccisano Francesco , Dillon Richard , Döhner Konstanze , Freeman Sylvie D. , Hourigan Christopher S. , Ossenkoppele Gerrit J. , Roboz Gail J. , Subklewe Marion , Thiede Christian , Arnhardt Isabell , Valk Peter J. M. , Venditti Adriano , Wei Andrew H. , Walter Roland B. , Heuser Michael 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWith the availability of effective targeted agents, significant changes have occurred in the management of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) over the past several years, particularly for those considered unfit for intensive chemotherapy. While testing for measurable residual disease (MRD) is now routinely performed in patients treated with intensive chemotherapy to refine prognosis and, possibly, inform treatment decision‐making, its value in the context of lower‐intensity regimens is unclear. As such regimens have gained in popularity and can be associated with higher response rates, the need to better define the role of MRD assessment and the appropriate time points and assays used for this purpose has increased. This report outlines a roadmap for MRD testing in patients with AML treated with lower‐intensity regimens. Experts from the European LeukemiaNet (ELN)–DAVID AML MRD working group reviewed all available data to propose a framework for MRD testing in future trials and clinical practice. A Delphi poll served to optimize consensus. Establishment of uniform standards for MRD assessments in lower‐intensity regimens used in treating patients with AML is clinically relevant and important for optimizing testing and, ultimately, improving treatment outcomes of these patients.
A Bio‐Inspired Methylation Approach to Salt‐Concentrated Hydrogel Electrolytes for Long‐Life Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Liu Tingting , Du Xiaofan , Wu Han , Ren Yongwen , Wang Jinzhi , Wang Hao , Chen Zheng , Zhao Jingwen , Cui Guanglei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHydrogel electrolytes hold great promise in developing flexible and safe batteries, but the presence of free solvent water makes battery chemistries constrained by H2 evolution and electrode dissolution. Although maximizing salt concentration is recognized as an effective strategy to reduce water activity, the protic polymer matrices in classical hydrogels are occupied with hydrogen‐bonding and barely involved in the salt dissolution, which sets limitations on realizing stable salt‐concentrated environments before polymer‐salt phase separation occurs. Inspired by the role of protein methylation in regulating intracellular phase separation, here we transform the “inert” protic polymer skeletons into aprotic ones through methylation modification to weaken the hydrogen‐bonding, which releases free hydrogen bond acceptors as Lewis base sites to participate in cation solvation and thus assist salt dissolution. An unconventionally salt‐concentrated hydrogel electrolyte reaching a salt fraction up to 44 mol % while retaining a high Na+/H2O molar ratio of 1.0 is achieved without phase separation. Almost all water molecules are confined in the solvation shell of Na+ with depressed activity and mobility, which addresses water‐induced parasitic reactions that limit the practical rechargeability of aqueous sodium‐ion batteries. The assembled Na3V2(PO4)3//NaTi2(PO4)3 cell maintains 82.8 % capacity after 580 cycles, which is the longest cycle life reported to date.
Proton Shuttling by Polyaniline of High Brønsted Basicity for Improved Electrocatalytic Ethylene Production from CO2
Authors: Cheng Jian , Chen Ling , Xie Xulan , Feng Kun , Sun Hao , Qin Yongze , Hua Wei , Zheng Zhangyi , He Ying , Pan Weiyi , Yang Wenjun , Lyu Fenglei , Zhong Jun , Deng Zhao , Jiao Yan , Peng Yang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHybrid organic/inorganic composites with the organic phase tailored to modulate local chemical environment at the Cu surface arise as an enchanting category of catalysts for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). A fundamental understanding on how the organics of different functionality, polarity, and hydrophobicity affect the reaction path is, however, still lacking to guide rational catalyst design. Herein, polypyrrole (PPy) and polyaniline (PANI) manifesting different Brønsted basicity are compared for their regulatory roles on the CO2RR pathways regarding *CO coverage, proton source and interfacial polarity. Concerted efforts from in situ IR, Raman and operando modelling unveil that at the PPy/Cu interface with limited *CO coverage, hydridic *H produced by the Volmer step favors the carbon hydrogenation of *CO to form *CHO through a Tafel process; Whereas at the PANI/Cu interface with concentrated CO2 and high *CO coverage, protonic H+ shuttled through the benzenoid ‐NH‐ protonates the oxygen of *CO, yielding *COH for asymmetric coupling with nearby *CO to form *OCCOH under favored energetics. As a result of the tailored chemical environment, the restructured PANI/Cu composite demonstrates a high partial current density of 0.41 A cm−2 at a maximal Faraday efficiency of 67.5 % for ethylene production, ranking among states of the art.
Dynamic Growth of Macroscopically Structured Supramolecular Hydrogels through Orchestrated Reaction‐Diffusion
Authors: Wang Hucheng , Fu Xiaoming , Gu Guanyao , Bai Shengyu , Li Runlai , Zhong Weimin , Guo Xuhong , Eelkema Rienk , van Esch Jan H. , Cao Zhixing , Wang Yiming 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLiving organisms are capable of dynamically changing their structures for adaptive functions through sophisticated reaction‐diffusion processes. Here we show how active supramolecular hydrogels with programmable lifetimes and macroscopic structures can be created by relying on a simple reaction‐diffusion strategy. Two hydrogel precursors (poly(acrylic acid) PAA/CaCl2 and Na2CO3) diffuse from different locations and generate amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) nanoparticles at the diffusional fronts, leading to the formation of hydrogel structures driven by electrostatic interactions between PAA and ACC nanoparticles. Interestingly, the formed hydrogels are capable of autonomously disintegrating over time because of a delayed influx of electrostatic‐interaction inhibitors (NaCl). The hydrogel growth process is well explained by a reaction‐diffusion model which offers a theoretical means to program the dynamic growth of structured hydrogels. Furthermore, we demonstrate a conceptual access to dynamic information storage in soft materials using the developed reaction‐diffusion strategy. This work may serve as a starting point for the development of life‐like materials with adaptive structures and functionalities.
A Semiconducting Iron‐Chelating Nano‐immunomodulator for Specific and Sensitized Sono‐metallo‐immunotherapy of Cancer
Authors: He Shasha , Yu Jie , Xu Mengke , Zhang Chi , Xu Cheng , Cheng Penghui , Pu Kanyi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSono‐immunotherapy holds great potential for deep tumor inhibition; however, smart sono‐therapeutic agents to simultaneously eliminate ‘domestic’ tumor cells and regulate the ‘community’ tumor immune microenvironment have rarely been developed. Herein, we report a spatiotemporally controllable semiconducting iron‐chelated nano‐metallomodulator (SINM) for hypersensitive sono‐metallo‐immunotherapy of cancer. SINM consists of a semiconducting polymer (SP) backbone chelating iron ions (Fe3+) with thiophene‐based Schiff base structure, and a hydrophilic side chain. Upon accumulation in tumors after systemic administration, SINM specifically arouses ferroptosis and M1 macrophage polarization due to its response toward the tumor redox environment; meanwhile, the chelation of Fe3+ enhances the sono‐sensitizing effect of SPs, leading to enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species for immunogenic cell death. Such combined sonodynamic metallo‐immunotherapy of SINM efficiently ablates deep tumor and spatiotemporally regulates immunophenotypes.
Defect Engineered Metal–Organic Framework with Accelerated Structural Transformation for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Ding Jieting , Guo Danyu , Wang Nanshu , Wang Hao‐Fan , Yang Xianfeng , Shen Kui , Chen Liyu , Li Yingwei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been increasingly applied in oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and the surface of MOFs usually undergoes structural transformation to form metal oxyhydroxides to serve as catalytically active sites. However, the controllable regulation of the reconstruction process of MOFs remains as a great challenge. Here we report a defect engineering strategy to facilitate the structural transformation of MOFs to metal oxyhydroxides during OER with enhanced activity. Defective MOFs (denoted as NiFc′xFc1‐x) with abundant unsaturated metal sites are constructed by mixing ligands of 1,1′‐ferrocene dicarboxylic acid (Fc′) and defective ferrocene carboxylic acid (Fc). NiFc′xFc1‐x series are more prone to be transformed to metal oxyhydroxides compared with the non‐defective MOFs (NiFc′). Moreover, the as‐formed metal oxyhydroxides derived from defective MOFs contain more oxygen vacancies. NiFc′Fc grown on nickel foam exhibits excellent OER catalytic activity with an overpotential of 213 mV at the current density of 100 mA cm−2, superior to that of undefective NiFc′. Experimental results and theoretical calculations suggest that the abundant oxygen vacancies in the derived metal oxyhydroxides facilitate the adsorption of oxygen‐containing intermediates on active centers, thus significantly improving the OER activity.