bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Akoē Pisteōs (Gal. 3:2–5) and Martin Luther’s Place in Pauline Scholarship
Authors: Brewer Eric J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Few historical figures cast as long a shadow on Pauline scholarship as does Martin Luther. Pauline scholars espousing the ‘Old’ or ‘Lutheran’ Perspective will invoke his name in support of their interpretations while many from the ‘New’ Perspective will use him as a foil to distinguish their reading of Paul from traditional ones. At times, however, Luther himself does not relate to modern schools of Pauline scholarship in the ways many would expect. Luther’s interpretation of akoē pisteōs, a notoriously difficult phrase from Galatians 3:2–5, illustrates this particularly well. Far from agreeing with the Old/Lutheran Perspective in reading this phrase with an emphasis on subjective faith (e.g. ‘hearing with faith’), Luther’s reading of akoē pisteōs more closely resembles those of the modern Apocalyptic Perspective on Paul by emphasizing the power of the objective message (e.g. ‘proclamation of the gospel’). This finding supports the recent trend of recognizing more apocalyptic elements in Luther’s thought and challenges scholars of both Luther and Paul to reevaluate his place in the history of Pauline scholarship.
Synthetic [18F]FET-PET Generation and Hotspot Prediction Via Preoperative MRI Fusion of Glioma Lacking Radiographic High-Grade Characteristics
Authors: Suero Molina Eric , Tabassum Mehnaz , Azemi Ghasem , Özdemir Zeynep , Roll Wolfgang , Backhaus Philipp , Schindler Philipp , Chavarria Alex Valls , Russo Carlo , Liu Sidong , Stummer Walter , Di Ieva Antonio 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Limited amino acid availability for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging hinders therapeutic decision-making for gliomas without typical high-grade imaging features. To address this gap, we evaluated a generative artificial intelligence (AI) approach for creating synthetic [18F]FET-PET and predicting high [18F]FET-uptake from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods
We trained a deep learning (DL)-based model to segment tumors in MRI and extracted radiomic features using the pyradiomics package and classification with a Random Forest classifier. To generate [18F]FET-PET images, we employed a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) framework and utilized a split-input fusion module for processing different MRI sequences through feature extraction, concatenation, and self-attention.

Results
We included MR and PET images from 215 studies for the hotspot classification and 211 studies for the synthetic PET generation task. The top-performing radiomic features achieved 80% accuracy for hotspot prediction. From the synthetic [18F]FET-PET, 85% were classified as clinically useful by senior physicians. Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio analysis indicated high signal fidelity with a peak at 40 dB, while Structural Similarity Index values showed structural congruence. Root Mean Square Error analysis demonstrated lower values below 5.6. Most Visual Information Fidelity scores ranged between 0.6 and 0.7. This indicates that synthetic PET images retain the essential information required for clinical assessment and diagnosis.

Conclusion
For the first time, we demonstrate that predicting high [18F]FET-uptake and generating synthetic PET images from preoperative MRI in LGG and HGG is feasible. Advanced MRI modalities and other generative AI models will be used to improve the algorithm further in future studies.
Are Seed Oils the Culprit in Cardiometabolic and Chronic Diseases? A Narrative Review
Authors: Lee Kevin , Kurniawan Keszya 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The demonization of seed oils “campaign” has become stronger over the decades. Despite the dietary guidelines provided by nutritional experts recommending the limiting of saturated fat intake and its replacement with unsaturated fat–rich food sources, some health experts ignore the dietary guidelines and the available human research evidence, suggesting the opposite. As contrarians, these individuals could easily shift public opinion so that dietary behavior moves away from intake of unsaturated fat-rich food sources (including seed oils) toward saturated fats, which is very concerning. Excess saturated fat intake has been known for its association with increased cholesterol serum levels in the bloodstream, which increase atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risks. Furthermore, high saturated fat intake may potentially induce insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, based on human isocaloric feeding studies. Hence, this current review aimed to assess and highlight the available human research evidence, and if appropriate, to counteract any misconceptions and misinformation about seed oils.
Correlation between cathepsins and the likelihood of renal cancer: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Peng Tuo , Li Tian , Zhang Caihua 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Previous studies have established a relationship between cathepsins and renal cancer. Nonetheless, the specific causal connection between the two factors continues to be ambiguous. The aim of this study is to evaluate the causal relationship between cathepsins and renal cancer via employing Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods
The summary data of genome-wide association study were used for univariable MR (UVMR), reverse MR, and multivariable MR (MVMR) analyses. The primary MR method used in this study was Inverse variance weighting.

Results
UVMR analysis showed that cathepsin Z increased the overall risk of renal cancer and cathepsin F were observed increased the risk of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Furthermore, the concentration of cathepsin S had a significant positive correlation with the risk of papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC), whereas that of cathepsin G was negatively correlated with the risk of pRCC. Reverse MR analysis showed that renal cancer reduced the concentration of cathepsin H. MVMR analysis showed that the concentration of cathepsin B had a significant positive correlation with overall risk of renal cancer and pRCC. In addition, a higher concentration of cathepsin S was significantly associated with an increased risk of pRCC.

Conclusion
This study confirmed a direct link between cathepsins and the risk of renal cancer. Specifically, cathepsin S has a significant positive correlation with the risk of pRCC. The findings of our research could provide significant contributions to both fundamental and clinical investigations pertaining to renal cancer.
Key message What is already known on this topic? – Previous studies have suggested the role of some cathepsins in renal cancer occurrence and progression. However, the causal link between different cathepsins and renal cancer is unknown. What this study adds? – Our Mendelian randomization (MR) study revealed that the effects of different cathepsins on the risk of renal cancer. Remarkably, both univariable MR and multivariable MR demonstrated that the levels of cathepsin S increases the risk of papillary renal cell carcinoma. How this study might affect research, practice or policy? – The findings offer novel insights into the relationship between cathepsins and renal cancer, which may have implications for the prevention and management of renal cancer.
Vascularized Iliac Crest Bone Graft for the Reconstruction of Anterior Vertebral Corpus Defects: A Literature Review and Cadaveric Feasibility Study
Authors: Jeger Jonathan L. , Martinez Casey J. , Shvedova Maria , Simoni Alec , Rebecca Alanna , Winocour Sebastian , Ropper Alexander E. , Bohl Michael , Casey William J. , Kalani Maziyar , Reece Edward M. 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Vertebral body defects pose a significant challenge in spinal reconstructive surgery. Compression fractures of the vertebral corpus are typically treated with vertebral augmentation procedures. There are significant risks associated with the introduction of foreign material in the spine, including infection and pseudarthrosis. Vascularized bone grafts (VBGs) have become a popular alternative for spinal reconstruction in the last decade thanks to their robust blood supply and autologous nature. VBGs have been described predominantly for the reconstruction of posterior vertebral defects. The objective of this study is to describe a novel procedure for the reconstruction of vertebral corpus defects in the lumbar and distal thoracic spine.

Methods:
This is a cadaveric anatomy study. The authors performed the novel surgical technique on an anonymized cadaveric donor in the prone position and recorded the procedure through clinical photography. Consent for the procedure and photography was obtained from the Center for Procedural Innovation.

Results:
A 5-cm-long posterior iliac crest VBG (IC-VBG) was successfully harvested on a pedicle of the quadratus lumborum muscle. The VBG was rotated and mobilized anteromedially to the vertebral corpus. In this donor, the IC-VBG could be inset with minimal tension anywhere along the vertebral bodies of the spine from the L5 to the T9 level.

Conclusions:
A rotated, anteromedially mobilized IC-VBG represents a novel technique for reconstruction of the anterior vertebral corpus of the lumbar and distal thoracic spine with a lower risk of infection and pseudarthrosis than reconstruction with foreign materials.
Hydrogen peroxide damage to rat liver sinusoidal endothelial cells is prevented by n-acetyl-cysteine but not GSH
Authors: Kruse Larissa D. , Holte Christopher , Zapotoczny Bartlomiej , Struck Eike C. , Schürstedt Jasmin , Hübner Wolfgang , Huser Thomas , Szafranska Karolina 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are prevalent in the liver during intoxication, infection, inflammation, and aging. Changes in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) are associated with various liver diseases.

Methods:
Isolated rat LSEC were studied under oxidative stress induced by H2O2 at different concentrations (0.5–1000 µM) and exposure times (10–120 min). LSEC functions were tested in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner.

Results:
(1) Cell viability, reducing potential, and scavenging function decreased as H2O2 concentration and exposure time increased; (2) intracellular ROS levels rose with higher H2O2 concentrations; (3) fenestrations exhibited a dynamic response, initially closing but partially reopening at H2O2 concentrations above 100 µM after about 1 hour; (4) scavenging function was affected after just 10 minutes of exposure, with the impact being irreversible and primarily affecting degradation rather than receptor-mediated uptake; (5) the tubulin network was disrupted in high H2O2 concentration while the actin cytoskeleton appears to remain largely intact. Finally, we found that reducing agents and thiol donors such as n-acetyl cysteine and glutathione (GSH) could protect cells from ROS-induced damage but could not reverse existing damage as pretreatment with n-acetyl cysteine, but not GSH, reduced the negative effects of ROS exposure.

Conclusions:
The results suggest that LSEC does not store an excess amount of GSH but rather can readily produce it in the occurrence of oxidative stress conditions. Moreover, the observed thresholds in dose-dependent and time-dependent changes, as well as the treatments with n-acetyl cysteine/GSH, confirm the existence of a ROS-depleting system in LSEC.
Radon Re-entrainment Study—An Initial Investigation
Authors: Lewis Robert , Bleiler Denise , Coons Maria , Ruminski Jamie , Fox Ryan , Turk Bradley 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Currently radon mitigation standards in United States residential homes and buildings require that the exhaust point for active fan-powered depressurization (ASD) systems exhaust be at or above the roofline of the building. There was very little evidence to support this requirement in the mid-1990s when the standards were published. This study was designed to examine the potential and safety of ground level exhaust. There are numerous advantages for ground level exhaust, such as aesthetics, safety, and reduced condensation, if properly placed along side of the building. A configurable exhaust point ASD design whereby we could change the exhaust from roofline to ground level was installed in 10 homes in the Harrisburg, PA, area. This design allowed us to change the configuration every 2 wk from roofline to ground level to baseline (off) conditions, with the house thereby acting as its own control, while extensively measuring the indoor and outdoor radon concentrations and other parameters over the course of 1 y. Over the year-long study, roofline and ground level exhaust configurations both showed very similar average indoor radon concentrations. Apart from the typical seasonal differences, there was little difference between average indoor radon levels for roof and ground level exhaust during each of the four seasons.
Diagnostic Role of Tissue Biopsy in Leukaemic or Lymphomatous Infiltrative Optic Neuropathy: A Case Report and Systematic Review of Literature
Authors: Younis Abdullah , Shiwani Haaris , Green Elspeth K. Y. , Foo Edward , Sharma Vinod , Dignan Fiona L. , Dharmasena Aruna 
Published: January 2025

Purpose:
To explore the role of tissue biopsy in diagnosing leukemic or lymphomatous infiltrative optic neuropathy through a systematic literature review and presentation of a new case.

Methods:
A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases to identify cases of leukemic or lymphomatous optic neuropathy in which optic nerve or sheath biopsy was performed. A newly reported case was also included.

Results:
A total of 420 studies were identified, with 26 meeting inclusion criteria. In total 29 patients were included, with a mean age of 55.9 years. Of these, 48.3% had a known history of leukemia or lymphoma, and 50% were in remission at presentation. Imaging showed optic nerve enhancement and enlargement in most cases. Biopsies were performed on the optic nerve, sheath, chiasm, tract, or surrounding orbital tissue. Direct nervous tissue biopsies (optic nerve, chiasm, or tract) were diagnostic in 100% of cases, while only 18.2% of sheath biopsies were diagnostic. Visual outcomes were poor, with many presenting with no light perception. Postoperatively, vision remained stable in 40%, deteriorated in 20.7%, and improved in 17.2%.

Discussion:
Tissue biopsy remains a critical last-line investigation for diagnosing leukemic or lymphomatous optic neuropathy when noninvasive methods remain inconclusive. While highly diagnostic, optic nerve biopsy carries visual risk, especially for patients with residual vision. Direct nerve biopsy is recommended for severe vision loss, while a more cautious surgical approach, considering alternative diagnostic techniques, is advised for those with partially preserved vision. Optic nerve sheath biopsy, though theoretically safer, has a limited diagnostic yield.
Computational modeling of the temporal influences between cues, craving and use in addiction: A dynamical system analysis based on ecological momentary assessment
Authors: Gauld Christophe , Depannemaecker Damien , Serre Fuschia , Auriacombe Marc 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSubstance Use Disorders (SUD) can be conceptualized as a prospective link from cues to craving and use. To explore the nonlinear interplay between craving and cues, this study applied dynamical systems theory (DST) to ecological momentary assessment (EMA) data. Optimized linear Seasonal Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average with eXogenous variable (SARIMAX) models were used to phenotype patients with SUD (alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, opiates, and cocaine), considering the potential for complex interactions between cue exposure and craving intensity in daily life. These phenotypic profiles were replicated in computational DST models to analyze the nonlinear interactions between cues, craving, and use. The study involved 211 individuals and 8,260 observations, with 154 patients fitting the SARIMAX model for the influence of cues on craving, and 57 patients fitting the SARIMAX model for a possible influence of craving on cues. Two DST models were adjusted to replicate the complex temporal dynamics of SUD based on these two directions of influence. The first DST model (adjusted to the influence of cues on craving) showed that an increase in cues leads to a rise in craving, which then diminishes both cues and craving itself, with use patterns following craving’s trajectory. This patient profile is driven by a phenomenon of “maximum cue saturation”. The second DST model (adjusted to the influence of craving on cues) demonstrated that an increase in craving heightens cue perception, further increasing craving and leading to use, with use peaking and then reducing craving. This patient profile is characterized by a phenomenon of “maximum use saturation”. Both models underscore craving as an essential modulator between cues and use, opening new therapeutic avenues.
Single-cell RNA-seq reveals trans-sialidase-like superfamily gene expression heterogeneity inTrypanosoma cruzipopulations
Authors: Inchausti Lucas , Bilbao Lucía , Campo Vanina A. , Garat Joaquín , Sotelo-Silveira José , Rinaldi Gabriel , Howick Virginia M. , Duhagon María Ana , De Gaudenzi Javier G. , Smircich Pablo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTrypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, presents a major public health challenge in Central and South America, affecting approximately 8 million people and placing millions more at risk. TheT. cruzilife cycle includes transitions between epimastigote, metacyclic trypomastigote, amastigote, and blood trypomastigote stages, each marked by distinct morphological and molecular adaptations to different hosts and environments. Unlike other trypanosomatids,T. cruzidoes not employ antigenic variation but instead relies on a diverse array of cell-surface-associated proteins encoded by large multi-copy gene families (multigene families), essential for infectivity and immune evasion.This study analyzes cell-specific transcriptomes using single-cell RNA sequencing of amastigote and trypomastigote cells to characterize stage-specific surface protein expression during mammalian infection. Through clustering and identification of cell-specific markers, we assigned cells to distinct parasite developmental forms. Analysis of individual cells revealed that surface protein-coding genes, especially members of the trans-sialidase TcS superfamily (TcS), are expressed with greater heterogeneity than single-copy genes. Additionally, no recurrent combinations of TcS genes were observed between individual cells in the population. Our findings thus reveal transcriptomic heterogeneity within trypomastigote populations where each cell displays unique TcS expression profiles. Focusing on the diversity of surface protein expression, this research aims to deepen our understanding ofT. cruzicellular biology and infection strategies.
TRANSIENT ALTERATIONS IN THALAMO-CEREBELLAR FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY IN PREMANIFEST HUNTINGTON’S DISEASE
Authors: Morrison Melanie A. , Yao Jingwen , Bhalerao Radhika , Jakary Angela , Glueck Julia , Driscoll Theresa , Geschwind Michael D. , Nelson Alexandra B. , Possin Katherine L. , Hess Christopher P. , Lupo Janine M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundThere are no disease modifying therapies for Huntington’s disease (HD), a rare but fatal genetic neurodegenerative condition. To develop and test new management strategies, a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying HD progression is needed. Aberrant changes in thalamo-cortical and striato-cerebellar circuitry have been observed in asymptomatic HD, along with transient enlargement of the dentate nucleus.PurposeTo evaluate the relationship between thalamo-cerebellar connectivity and HD progression.Study TypeProspective and retrospective.PopulationPatients with HD and healthy controls from a single-center dataset (n=34), and patients from the public TRACK-HD dataset (n=91).Field strength/Sequence3T and 7T.AssessmentThalamo-cerebellar connectivity was compared across patients and controls and related to motor scores and predicted years to symptom onset. Cross-sectional findings were validated within-patient by mapping changes in individual connectivity over time. HD effects on cognitive performance were also explored and related to connectivity.Statistical TestsKruskal-Wallis with post hoc Dunn’s tests and Pearson correlations (psignificant<0.05).ResultsIn the 7T cohort, significant premanifest and control group differences in thalamo-dentate connectivity were observed (pDunn<0.05, η2=.19-.22), with manifest HD connectivity approaching normative values. Thalamic connectivity with the dentate nucleus and anterior cerebellum also correlated with years to onset (pDen=0.06, r=0.42, pAnt<0.05, r=-0.45), together indicating potential transient functional alterations in premanifest HD. Similar patterns were observed between connectivity (thalamus to dentate nucleus and anterior lobe) and cognitive performance scores across all subjects (p<0.05, rDen=-0.17, rAnt=-0.18). In the premanifest TRACK-HD cohort, connectivity of multiple thalamo-cerebellar connections correlated with years to onset, revealing distinct patterns for patients with low versus high motor scores, again indicative of potential transient alterations. Exploratory non-parametric regression of serial imaging data further supported these findings.Data conclusionTransient changes in thalamo-cerebellar connectivity are seen in premanifest HD with increasing progression. More studies are needed to validate this potentially useful biomarker.
Large Language Models Struggle to Encode Medical Concepts — A Multilingual Benchmarking and Comparative Analysis
Authors: Rouhizadeh Hossein , Yazdani Anthony , Zhang Boya , Alvarez David Vicente , Hüser Matthias , Vanobberghen Alexandre , Yang Rui , Li Irene , Walter Andreas , Teodoro Douglas 
Published: January 2025

AbstractInteroperability in health information systems is crucial for accurate data exchange across environments such as electronic health records, clinical notes, and medical research. The main challenge arises from the wide variation in biomedical concepts, their representation across different systems and languages, and the limited context, complicating data integration and standardization. Inspired by recent advances in large language models (LLMs), this study explores their potential role as biomedical knowledge engineers to (semi-)automate multilingual biomedical concept normalization, a key task for semantic interoperability of medical concepts. We developed a novel multilingual dataset comprising 59’104 unique terms mapped to 27’280 distinct biomedical concepts, designed to assess language model performance across this task within five European languages: English, French, German, Spanish, and Turkish. We then proposed a multi-stage pipeline based on a retrieve-then-rerank approach using sparse and dense retrievers, rerankers, and fusion approaches, leveraging discriminative and generative LLMs, with a predefined primary knowledge organization system. Our experiments show that the best discriminative model, e5, achieves an accuracy of 71%, surpassing the best generative model, Mistral, by 2% (p-value < 0.001). For semi-automated workflows, e5 maintained superior performance with 82% recall@10 versus Mistral’s 78%. Our findings demonstrate a pathway to how LLM-based approaches can advance the normalization of multilingual biomedical terms as well as the limitations of LLMs in encoding biomedical concepts.