bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unique Octupolar 2D‐Polymer Frameworks as Mixed Conductors and Metal‐Free Catalysts for Dual‐Promoted Li and S Electrochemistry: Multi‐regulation Role of Ethoxylation Chemistry
Authors: Liu Cong , Mo Chunshao , Zhong Linfeng , Gong Xiaoqi , Zhang Yang , Wang Xiaotong , Yang Fan , Li Jing , Lu Jiang , Yu Dingshan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHere, we for the first time introduce ethoxylation chemistry to develop a new octupolar cyano‐vinylene‐linked 2D polymer framework (Cyano‐OCF‐EO) capable of acting as efficient mixed electron/ion conductors and metal‐free sulfur evolution catalysts for dual‐promoted Li and S electrochemistry. Our strategy creates a unique interconnected network of strongly‐coupled donor 3‐(acceptor‐core) octupoles in Cyano‐OCF‐EO, affording enhanced intramolecular charge transfer, substantial active sites and crowded open channels. This enables Cyano‐OCF‐EO as a new versatile separator modifier, which endows the modified separator with superior catalytic activity for sulfur conversion and rapid Li ion conduction with the high Li+ transference number up to 0.94. Thus, the incorporation of Cyano‐OCF‐EO can concurrently regulate sulfur redox reactions and Li‐ion flux in Li−S cells, attaining boosted bidirectional redox kinetics, inhibited polysulfide shuttle and dendrite‐free Li anodes. The Cyano‐OCF‐EO‐involved Li−S cell is endowed with excellent overall electrochemical performance especially large areal capacity of 7.5 mAh cm−2 at high sulfur loading of 8.7 mg cm−2. Mechanistic studies unveil the dominant multi‐promoting effect of the triethoxylation on electron and ion conduction, polysulfide adsorption and catalytic conversion as well as previously‐unexplored −CN/C−O dual‐site synergistic effect for enhanced polysulfide adsorption and reduced energy barrier toward Li2S conversion.
High‐Selectivity Hydrogen Gas Sensors based on Mesoporous PbOx‐ZnO Nanocomposites
Authors: Fegade Umesh , Alshahrani Thamraa , Wu Ren‐Jang , Lin Fan‐Hsuan , Chang Xu‐Jia , Yuan Shuo‐Huang , Al‐Ahmed Amir , Khan Firoz , Haq Bashirul , Afzaal Mohammad 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHydrogen heralded as a promising renewable and environmentally friendly energy carrier, carries inherent risks owing to its highly flammable nature. A mere 4 % concentration of hydrogen in the air can trigger an explosion. To counteract this peril, a composite material comprising PbOX‐ZnO (2 : 1) was synthesized, characterized, and subsequently employed to fabricate a hydrogen sensing device. Various analytical tools were used to characterize as‐deposited materials, including X‐ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy /Energy Dispersive X‐ray Spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy UV‐Vis Reflectance Spectroscopy and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. The device exhibited favorable properties, such as good selectivity, stability, and a low detection limit for hydrogen. At ambient room temperature, the device demonstrated a sensing signal reaching 468.7, with a response time (T90) of 155 seconds and a recovery time (Tr90) of 69 seconds when exposed to a hydrogen concentration of 5 ppm. This performance underscores the device‘s rapid and effective response to hydrogen exposure. Moreover, the PbOX‐ZnO (2 : 1) composite‐based device exhibited a detection limit of 2.4 ppm, functioning accurately within a linear range spanning from 5 ppm to 50 ppm. This capability confirms its precision in accurately detecting hydrogen concentrations within this designated range.
Influences on Reliable Capacity Measurements of Hard Carbon in Highly Loaded Electrodes
Authors: Müller Cedric , Wang Zhengqi , Hofmann Andreas , Stüble Pirmin , Liu‐Théato Xinyang , Klemens Julian , Smith Anna 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFor the development of a full‐cell battery system, typically appropriate cathodes and anodes are characterized within a half‐cell setup where a metal counter electrode is installed to gather data about the employed electrodes. Ultimately, the individual capacity loadings allow for suitable balancing of the anode to cathode capacity in the full‐cell. This approach seems rather unproblematic for lithium‐ion batteries. For sodium‐ion batteries, however, we show that the high reactivity of sodium metal strongly influences hard carbon‐based electrode measurements within sodium‐ion half‐cells. As hard carbon is considered state‐of‐the‐art anode material, the presented results have high impact on the development of sodium ion batteries. Specifically, we show that the type of electrolyte, as well as cell‐ and measurement‐setup are key factors for reliable sodium half‐cell measurements of hard carbon. The investigated hard carbon electrodes have a high active material loading of 7.2 mg/cm2 (with 93 % active material content) resulting in an areal capacity of 2.4 mAh/cm2, which represent application‐relevant conditions.
Breast cancer diagnosis and management guided by data augmentation, utilizing an integrated framework of SHAP and random augmentation
Authors: Ejiyi Chukwuebuka Joseph , Qin Zhen , Monday Happy , Ejiyi Makuachukwu Bennedith , Ukwuoma Chiagoziem , Ejiyi Thomas Ugochukwu , Agbesi Victor Kwaku , Agu Amarachi , Orakwue Chiduzie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRecent research indicates that early detection of breast cancer (BC) is critical in achieving favorable treatment outcomes and reducing the mortality rate associated with it. With the difficulty in obtaining a balanced dataset that is primarily sourced for the diagnosis of the disease, many researchers have relied on data augmentation techniques, thereby having varying datasets with varying quality and results. The dataset we focused on in this study is crafted from SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP)‐augmentation and random augmentation (RA) approaches to dealing with imbalanced data. This was carried out on the Wisconsin BC dataset and the effectiveness of this approach to the diagnosis of BC was checked using six machine‐learning algorithms. RA synthetically generated some parts of the dataset while SHAP helped in assessing the quality of the attributes, which were selected and used for the training of the models. The result from our analysis shows that the performance of the models used generally increased to more than 3% for most of the models using the dataset obtained by the integration of SHAP and RA. Additionally, after diagnosis, it is important to focus on providing quality care to ensure the best possible outcomes for patients. The need for proper management of the disease state is crucial so as to reduce the recurrence of the disease and other associated complications. Thus the interpretability provided by SHAP enlightens the management strategies in this study focusing on the quality of care given to the patient and how timely the care is.
CALU‐3 lung cells three‐dimensionally assembled onto CellFate® matrix present angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐2 activity
Authors: dos Santos Jeniffer Farias , dos Reis Emily Marques , Berti Fernanda Vieira , Colla Guilherme , Koepp Janice , Nunes Viviane Abreu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCurrently, there is a great need for the development of three‐dimensional (3D) in vitro lung models. Particularly, the production of a suitable 3D model of pulmonary epithelium for understanding the pathophysiology of diseases such as the COVID‐19 must consider the tissue architecture and presence, for example, of the angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐2 (ACE‐2) in the cells. Different polymeric membranes are being used to support cell culturing, especially of lung cells, however, there is still no information about the culture of these cells onto bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) matrices. We have used the BNC matrix CellFate® as a support for the assembly of a 3D in vitro model of lung epithelium, composed of human lung fibroblasts (HLF) and lung adenocarcinoma cells (CALU‐3). CellFate® matrices were made from bacterial fermentation resulting in a natural and biocompatible biopolymer. Cells were cultured onto CellFate® and maintained in a 5% CO2 humidified atmosphere at 37°C. Cell viability was assessed by the resazurin method The samples were, then, exposed to the air–liquid interface (ALI), and histologically analyzed. ACE‐2 activity was verified on the hydrolyze of the fluorogenic substrate Mca‐APK(Dnp)‐OH, and its presence was evaluated by flow cytometry. The expression of the anionic transporter SLCO3A1 was evaluated by qPCR. Cell viability analysis indicates that CellFate® was not toxic to these cells. By flow cytometry, the presence of the ACE‐2 was identified in the CALU‐3 cells surface corroborating the results obtained from enzymatic activity analysis. The SLCO3A1 transporter expression was identified in cells cultured onto CellFate®, but not in cells cultured onto the transwell (control). CALU‐3 cells cultivated onto CellFate® resulted in a pseudostratified organization, a typical morphology of the human respiratory tract epithelium. The current model opens perspectives for studies involving physiological characterization, improving its relevance for the understanding of the pathophysiology of diseases as well as the response to drugs.
Improving the Durability of Chitosan Films through Incorporation of Magnesium, Tungsten, and Graphene Oxides for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Alaithan Fatimah , Khalaf Mai M. , Gouda Mohamed , Yousef T. A. , Kenawy Sayed H. , Abou‐Krisha Mortaga M. , Abou Taleb Manal F. , Shaaban Saad , Alkars Abdullah M. , Abd El‐Lateef Hany M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBacterial infections that cause chronic wounds provide a challenge to healthcare worldwide because they frequently impede healing and cause a variety of problems. In this study, loaded with tungsten oxide (WO3), Magnesium oxide (MgO), and graphene oxide (GO) on chitosan (CS) membrane, an inexpensive polymer casting method was successfully prepared for wound healing applications. All fabricated composites were characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to study the synthesized film samples’ morphology as well as their microstructure. The formed WO3/MgO@CS shows a great enhancement in the UV/VIS analysis with a highly intense peak at 401 nm and a narrow band gap (3.69 eV) compared to pure CS. The enhanced electron‐hole pair separation rate is responsible for the WO3/MgO/GO@CS scaffold's antibacterial activity. Additionally, human lung cells were used to determine the average cell viability of nanocomposite scaffolds and reached 121 % of WO3/MgO/GO@CS nanocomposite, and the IC50 value was found to be 1654 μg/mL. The ability of the scaffold to inhibit the bacteria has been tested against both E. coli and S. aureus. The 4th sample showed an inhibition zone of 11.5±0.5 mm and 13.5±0.5 mm, respectively. These findings demonstrate the enormous potential for WO3/MgO/GO@CS membrane as wound dressings in the clinical management of bacterially infected wounds.
Expert consensus‐based guidance on approaches to opioid management in individuals with advanced cancer‐related pain and nonmedical stimulant use
Authors: Jones Katie Fitzgerald , Khodyakov Dmitry , Han Benjamin H. , Arnold Robert M. , Dao Emily , Morrison Jeni , Kapo Jennifer , Meier Diane E. , Paice Judith A. , Liebschutz Jane M. , Ritchie Christine S. , Merlin Jessica S. , Bulls Hailey W. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundClinicians treating cancer‐related pain with opioids regularly encounter nonmedical stimulant use (i.e., methamphetamine, cocaine), yet there is little evidence‐based management guidance. The aim of the study is to identify expert consensus on opioid management strategies for an individual with advanced cancer and cancer‐related pain with nonmedical stimulant use according to prognosis.MethodsThe authors conducted two modified Delphi panels with palliative care and addiction experts. In Panel A, the patient’s prognosis was weeks to months and in Panel B the prognosis was months to years. Experts reviewed, rated, and commented on the case using a 9‐point Likert scale from 1 (very inappropriate) to 9 (very appropriate) and explained their responses. The authors applied the three‐step analytical approach outlined in the RAND/UCLA to determine consensus and level of clinical appropriateness of management strategies. To better conceptualize the quantitative results, they thematically analyzed and coded participant comments.ResultsConsensus was achieved for all management strategies. The 120 Experts were mostly women (47 [62%]), White (94 [78%]), and physicians (115 [96%]). For a patient with cancer‐related and nonmedical stimulant use, regardless of prognosis, it was deemed appropriate to continue opioids, increase monitoring, and avoid opioid tapering. Buprenorphine/naloxone transition was inappropriate for a patient with a short prognosis and of uncertain appropriateness for a patient with a longer prognosis.ConclusionStudy findings provide urgently needed consensus‐based guidance for clinicians managing cancer‐related pain in the context of stimulant use and highlight a critical need to develop management strategies to address stimulant use disorder in people with cancer.Plain Language Summary

Among palliative care and addiction experts, regardless of prognosis, it was deemed appropriate to continue opioids, increase monitoring, and avoid opioid tapering in the context of cancer‐related pain and nonmedical stimulant use.
Buprenorphine/naloxone transition as a harm reduction measure was inappropriate for a patient with a short prognosis and of uncertain appropriateness for a patient with a longer prognosis.
Compressive phase retrieval: Optimal sample complexity with deep generative priors
Authors: Hand Paul , Leong Oscar , Voroninski Vladislav 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAdvances in compressive sensing (CS) provided reconstruction algorithms of sparse signals from linear measurements with optimal sample complexity, but natural extensions of this methodology to nonlinear inverse problems have been met with potentially fundamental sample complexity bottlenecks. In particular, tractable algorithms for compressive phase retrieval with sparsity priors have not been able to achieve optimal sample complexity. This has created an open problem in compressive phase retrieval: under generic, phaseless linear measurements, are there tractable reconstruction algorithms that succeed with optimal sample complexity? Meanwhile, progress in machine learning has led to the development of new data‐driven signal priors in the form of generative models, which can outperform sparsity priors with significantly fewer measurements. In this work, we resolve the open problem in compressive phase retrieval and demonstrate that generative priors can lead to a fundamental advance by permitting optimal sample complexity by a tractable algorithm. We additionally provide empirics showing that exploiting generative priors in phase retrieval can significantly outperform sparsity priors. These results provide support for generative priors as a new paradigm for signal recovery in a variety of contexts, both empirically and theoretically. The strengths of this paradigm are that (1) generative priors can represent some classes of natural signals more concisely than sparsity priors, (2) generative priors allow for direct optimization over the natural signal manifold, which is intractable under sparsity priors, and (3) the resulting non‐convex optimization problems with generative priors can admit benign optimization landscapes at optimal sample complexity, perhaps surprisingly, even in cases of nonlinear measurements.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Insights into Chemical Vapor Deposition of Homogeneous MoS2 Film with Solid Precursors
Authors: Johari Muhammad Hilmi , Sirat Mohamad Shukri , Mohamed Mohd Ambri , Mustaffa Ahmad Fikri , Mohmad Abdul Rahman 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this work, a comprehensive computational fluid dynamics (CFD) investigation to develop an in‐depth understanding on the fluid flow to obtain a homogenous deposition of MoS2 thin film is reported. First, the effect of substrate orientations (0, 20, 45, 70, and 90°) was simulated using ANSYS Fluent. The horizontal substrate (0°) showed a non‐uniform surface deposition rate (SDR) with relative standard deviation (RSD) of 44.1 %. The non‐uniformity gradually reduces with the increase of substrate angles and reaches the lowest for 90° with RSD of 13.1 %. The transient state analysis showed that no growth occurred for the first 8 s, followed by an SDR overshoot and finally reached a steady state >200 s. Next, the effect of horizontal separation distance (d = 1 to 6 cm) between MoO3 and the substrate is investigated. It is find that the Mo/S ratio reduces with the increase of separation distance. For d between 5 and 6 cm, the Mo/S drops by >1000 times and causes the growth environment to switch from Mo to S‐rich. This work offers a fast and cost‐effective approach to understand the fluid flow and to obtain a homogeneous deposition of MoS2 and other 2D TMD thin films.
Evaluation of roots, root canal morphology, and bilateral symmetry of maxillary first molars in a Syrian subpopulation using cone beam computed tomography
Authors: Allawi Safaa , Ayoubi Helen , Al‐Tayyan Mouhammad , Toutangy Eyad , Tolibah Yasser Alsayed 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveSuccessful endodontic treatments require a comprehensive knowledge of the root canal anatomy, so this study aimed to investigate the number of roots, configurations of root canals, and their bilateral symmetry of maxillary first molars in the Syrian subpopulation, and also the effect of gender on this symmetry.Materials and MethodsThe study sample consisted of 250 cone beam computed tomography images (140 for females; and 110 for males), including 500 maxillary first molars. Images were investigated by two endodontists. Root number and canal configuration in each root were recorded, according to Vertucci classification, by studying the image at all levels (axial, coronal, sagittal, oplique, and three‐dimensional) to assess the bilateral symmetry and its relation to gender. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS and the χ2 test was used to compare the bilateral symmetry in males and females.ResultThe most common shape of the maxillary first molars was three roots (97.6%). All the roots are symmetrical by 100% in both genders. The root canal configuration was mainly Vertucci type I classification in the distobuccally (73.6%), and palatal root (98%). While the most common types in mesial root were type II (33.3%), this root showed all different types of Vertucci classifications except type VIII, and the proportion of symmetry was (37.2%) without significant difference between the gender (p = .441).ConclusionMost maxillary first molars in a Syrian population were three‐rooted with four root canals (type II), the numbers of roots achieved perfect symmetry 100%, and higher than symmetry ratios in the number of canals and canals configurations (37.2%).
Pain neuroscience education for reducing pain and kinesiophobia in patients with chronic neck pain: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Lin Long‐Huei , Lin Ting‐Yu , Chang Ke‐Vin , Wu Wei‐Ting , Özçakar Levent 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundChronic neck pain (CNP) is a common musculoskeletal disorder. Pain neuroscience education (PNE) is a promising nonpharmacological intervention for CNP, however, its effectiveness remains unclear. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of PNE in treating CNP.MethodsElectronic databases from inception to February 2023 were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of PNE on CNP. The primary outcome was the change in pain intensity, and the secondary outcome was improvement in kinesiophobia, standardized using Hedges' g. Two authors independently scrutinized eligible articles, extracted data and assessed quality; a random‐effects model was employed for data pooling.ResultsIn total, seven RCTs comprising 479 participants were included and demonstrated that PNE significantly reduced pain intensity (Hedges' g = −0.730, 95% CI = −1.340 to −0.119, p = 0.019, I2 = 89.288%). Subgroup analysis revealed that the adult group experienced significant pain reduction after PNE, whereas the adolescent group did not. PNE also reduced kinesiophobia which was evaluated in four of seven RCTs (Hedges' g = −0.444, 95% CI = −0.735 to −0.154, p = 0.003, I2 = 36.822%). The meta‐regression analysis indicated that an increased intervention duration contributed to greater pain reduction. No adverse events were reported following PNE or the control treatment.ConclusionsPNE effectively reduced pain intensity and kinesiophobia in patients with CNP. A longer PNE time leads to greater pain reduction and is more effective in adults than in adolescents. Further studies are required to examine the long‐term effects on CNP management.SignificanceThis is the first meta‐analysis evaluating the effectiveness of treating chronic neck pain with pain neuroscience education. Pain neuroscience education is successful in reducing pain and decreasing kinesiophobia in the chronic neck pain population. Longer treatment time leads to greater pain reduction.
Assessing land use effects on ecohydrological partitioning in the critical zone through isotope‐aided modelling
Authors: Landgraf Jessica , Tetzlaff Dörthe , Birkel Christian , Stevenson Jamie Lee , Soulsby Chris 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStable water isotopes are naturally occurring conservative tracers that can ‘fingerprint’ water sources and track ecohydrological fluxes across the critical zone (CZ). Parsimonious, tracer‐aided models allow effective quantification of the ecohydrological partitioning of rainfall into different water fluxes. We incorporated stable water isotopes into a one‐dimensional, tracer‐aided model (EcoIsoPlot) to follow the pathway of precipitation through the CZ at a lowland catchment—the long‐term experimental Demnitzer Millcreek Catchment (DMC), Germany—with contrasting vegetation covers (forest, agroforestry, grassland and arable). Precipitation (amount and δ2H), potential evapotranspiration (PET), leaf area index (LAI), air temperature and relative humidity were used as input data for modelling the growing season of 2021. The year had relatively average overall wetness, but a dry, cold spring with snowfall, and an exceptionally large summer storm event (~60 mm precipitation). Multi‐criteria calibration of the model was conducted using depth‐specific soil moisture and soil water δ2H measurements as targets. The novel incorporation of isotopes into model calibration constrained process representation of the estimated water balance with reasonable simulations and uncertainty bounds for water partitioning. Throughout the soil profile, soil moisture dynamics and stable water isotope variations were captured reasonably well. Green water fluxes (evapotranspiration) were highest at the forest site and blue water fluxes (groundwater recharge) highest at the grassland. Comparing simulations with estimated potential evapotranspiration (ET) and measured groundwater table fluctuations added further confidence to the modelling result. Overall, these may suggest a slight underestimation of ET and slight overestimation of recharge, though the results are similar to previous findings. Our study demonstrated the potential of stable water isotope data to enhance relatively simple, transferrable approaches to ecohydrological modelling of water fluxes in the CZ and to help improve model consistency. Such low‐parameterised tracer‐aided models have major potential for evidence‐based applications to aid management and help stakeholder communication.