bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards Assessing Features of Dark Patterns in Cookie Consent Processes
Authors: Kocyigit Emre , Rossi Arianna , Lenzini Gabriele 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThere has been a burst of discussions about how to characterize and recognize online dark patterns — i.e., web design strategies that aim to steer user choices towards what favours service providers or third parties like advertisers rather than what is in the best interest of users. Dark patterns are common in cookie banners where they are used to influence users to accept being tracked for more purposes than a data protection by default principle would dictate. Despite all the discussions, an objective, transparent, and verifiable assessment of dark patterns’ qualities is still missing. We contribute to bridging this gap by studying several cookie processes, in particular their multi-layered information flow —that we represent as message sequence charts—, and by identifying a list of observable and measurable features that we believe can help describing the presence of dark patterns in digital consent flows. We propose thirty one of such properties that can be operationalised into metrics and therefore into objective procedures for the detection of dark patterns.
Stand der didaktischen Forschung zur Trigonometrie
Authors: Katter Valentin 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Abschnitt soll zunächst eine Antwort auf die Frage gegeben werden, wieso es sich bei der Trigonometrie um ein für die didaktische Forschung relevantes Themengebiet handelt. Trigonometrische Funktionen gehören zur Funktionsklasse der elementaren nicht-algebraischen Funktionen (Blum & Törner 1983). Funktionen dieser Funktionsklasse sind dadurch ausgezeichnet, dass es keine endliche algebraische Formel gibt mit der Werte dieser Funktionen ausgerechnet werden können. In der Schule können Werte der Sinusfunktion durch geometrische Argumentationen oder heuristische Verfahren am Einheitskreis und an rechtwinkligen Dreiecken bestimmt werden. Weitere Verfahren zur Berechnung bedienen sich der höheren Mathematik, wie der Approximation durch Taylorreihen oder der komplexen Exponentialfunktion (vgl. Abschnitt 4.3 ). Darüber hinaus zeichnet sich die historische Entwicklung der Trigonometrie besonders durch die Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Methoden und Verfahren aus, die zu immer genaueren Berechnungen der Sinuswerte beigetragen haben (vgl. Abschnitt 4.2 ). Für das Verständnis trigonometrischer Funktionen ist also nicht nur ein allgemeines Verständnis von Funktionen und arithmetischen Operationen notwendig, sondern auch die inhaltlichen Deutungen dieser Funktionen in unterschiedlichen mathematischen und geometrischen sowie realen Kontexten. Diese inhaltlichen Deutungen bauen jeweils auf umfangreichem fachlichen Vorwissen auf und sind mit weiteren mathematischen Konzepten verknüpft. Zur Beschreibung des komplexen Netzwerks an Informationen können verschiedene didaktische Theorien genutzt werden, darunter die Theorie der kognitiven Schemata (Skemp 1987) oder des concept image (Tall & Vinner 1981). Weiterhin steht die Thematik in Beziehung zur Konstruktion von Wissen und dem Aufbau von Grundvorstellungen (vom Hofe 1995).
Konzeptioneller Rahmen der empirischen Untersuchung
Authors: Katter Valentin 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel wird der empirische Teil des Forschungsvorhabens vorgestellt. Dazu werden im Folgenden zunächst die Forschungsfragen konkretisiert. Anschließend wird die Konzeption der Studie vorgestellt.
Auswertung der empirischen Untersuchung
Authors: Katter Valentin 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Studienteilnehmenden wurden über die Studie aufgeklärt und aufgefordert, alles was sie denken möglichst ausführlich zu beschreiben und viel miteinander zu kommunizieren. Anschließend wurden sie mit drei Aufgabenblättern, einem Stapel Papier, einem Federpendel und einigen Stiften im Raum allein gelassen und von hinten über die Schulter dabei gefilmt, wie sie die Aufgaben bearbeiten. Insgesamt nahmen acht zufällig zusammengestellte Paare nacheinander an den Fallstudien teil.
Appell für die Nutzung ethnografischer Methoden
Authors: Ruppel Samantha 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDas folgende Kapitel führt zunächst in die teilnehmende Beobachtung als Methode ein. Dabei wird zunächst auf die methodische Herkunft eingegangen. Dann werden einzelne Forschungsstrategien und das Vorgehen im Feld genauer beschrieben. Der Forschungsprozess wird in verschiedene Phasen unterteilt und immer wieder kritisch hinterfragt. Anschließend findet eine Übertragung der Methode in die Politikwissenschaft und die FuK statt. Unter Berücksichtigung dieser Disziplinen wird die Methode anschließend mit besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer Machbarkeit und Durchführbarkeit analysiert, bevor auf Expert*inneninterviews als ergänzende Methode eingegangen wird. Abschließend findet eine ethische Betrachtung der Methode der teilnehmenden Beobachtung statt. Zusätzlich wird nach jedem Unterkapitel eine Reflexion meiner eigenen Forschung durchgeführt und es wird beschrieben, wie ich in der Forschung vorgegangen bin.
Innenansichten aus dem ZFD – empirische Ergebnisse aus der Forschung in Deutschland
Authors: Ruppel Samantha 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel wird vertieft in die ZFD-Landschaft eingeführt. Es werden empirische Ergebnisse vorgestellt, welche in Expert*inneninterviews in Deutschland und durch die Teilnahme an Vorbereitungsseminaren für Fachkräfte vor ihrer Ausreise gewonnen werden konnten. Durch dieses Kapitel können vertiefte Einsichten in den ZFD gewonnen werden. Zudem wird die Grundlage für die weitere empirische Forschung und das weitere Verständnis gelegt. Dabei wird zunächst der ZFD aus Sicht der durchführenden Organisationen dargestellt. Anschließend wird beantwortet, wer die lokalen Partner*innen sind.
Numerical Solutions to Infiltration Equation
Authors: Wu Lizhou , Zhou Jianting 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUnsaturated infiltration issues occur in many fields, such as rainfall-induced soil slope failures (Wu et al. in Hydro-mechanical analysis of rainfall-induced landslides. Springer, 2020a; Wu et al. in Appl Math Model 80:408–425, 2020b; Jiang et al. in Eng Comput 38:1–14, 2022), solute migration simulation (Cross et al. in Adv Water Resour 136, 2020), and coal seam water injection and coalbed methane extraction (Liu et al. 2018; Wang et al. in J Comput Appl Math 367, 2020).
Energy dynamics, information and heat flow in quenched cooling and the crossover from quantum to classical thermodynamics
Authors: Ohanesjan V. , Cheipesh Y. , Gnezdilov N. V. , Pavlov A. I. , Schalm K. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The dynamics when a hot many-body quantum system is brought into instantaneous contact with a cold many-body quantum system can be understood as a combination of early time quantum correlation (von Neumann entropy) gain and late time energy relaxation. We show that at the shortest timescales there is an energy increase in each system linked to the entropy gain, even though equilibrium thermodynamics does not apply. This energy increase is of quantum origin and results from the collective binding energy between the two systems. Counter-intuitively, this implies that also the hotter of the two systems generically experiences an initial energy increase when brought into contact with the other colder system. In the limit where the energy relaxation overwhelms the (quantum) correlation build-up, classical energy dynamics emerges where the energy in the hot system decreases immediately upon contact with a cooler system. We use both strongly correlated SYK systems and weakly correlated mixed field Ising chains to exhibit these characteristics, and comment on its implications for both black hole evaporation and quantum thermodynamics.
An EFT hunter’s guide to two-to-two scattering: HEFT and SMEFT on-shell amplitudes
Authors: Liu Hongkai , Ma Teng , Shadmi Yael , Waterbury Michael 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We derive the contact terms contributing to the four-point amplitudes of the standard model particles, keeping terms with up to quartic energy growth. Imposing just the unbroken low-energy symmetry, and treating the electroweak gauge bosons and the Higgs as independent degrees of freedom, we obtain the most general four-point contact-term amplitudes, corresponding to the Higgs Effective Field Theory (HEFT) framework. The contact terms are spanned by a basis of Stripped Contact Terms, which carry the polarization information, multiplied by polynomials in the Mandelstam invariants. For terms with quadratic energy growth, we also derive the low-energy Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) predictions, via on-shell Higgsing of the massless SMEFT contact terms. We discuss several aspects of bottom-up versus top-down on-shell derivations of the HEFT and SMEFT amplitudes, highlighting in particular the simple counting of HEFT dimensions in the on-shell approach and the transparent relation between perturbative unitarity and gauge-invariance in the little-group covariant massive spinor formalism. Our results provide a formulation of Effective Field Theory analyses directly in terms of observable quantities. For terms with quadratic energy growth, we also provide the mapping to the Warsaw basis.
External gravitational field of a homogeneous ellipsoidal shell: a reference for testing gravity modelling software
Authors: Seitz Kurt , Heck Bernhard , Abd-Elmotaal Hussein 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThere are numerous applications in geodesy and other geo-sciences in which the gravitational potential effect or other functions of the potential are computed by forward modelling from a given mass distribution. Different volume discretisations, e.g. prisms, tesseroids or mass layers are used. In order to control the numerical realisation of the forward calculation in the practical application, e.g. in reduction tasks, these evaluation programs should be verified against rigorous analytical solutions. In this contribution, a closed analytical solution for the potential of an ellipsoidal shell as a test body is presented. Furthermore, we derive the respective closed formulae for the gravity vector and the gravity gradient tensor. Program implementations of the tesseroid approach are compared on the basis of this ellipsoidal mass arrangement. For the practical usage, fast-converging expansions in spherical harmonics are provided in addition. The derivation of the formulae is based on a closed solution of the potential of a homogeneous ellipsoid for computation points situated on the rotation axis, which then is extended to the external space.
New insights to diversity and enzyme–substrate interactions of fungal glucuronoyl esterases
Authors: Agger Jane Wittrup , Madsen Michael Schmidt , Martinsen Line Korte , Martins Pedro Alves , Barrett Kristian , Meyer Anne S. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Glucuronoyl esterases (GEs) (EC 3.1.1.117) catalyze the cleavage of ester-linked lignin-carbohydrate complexes that has high impact on the plant cell wall integrity. The GEs are among the very few known types of hydrolytic enzymes that act at the interface of lignin, or which may potentially interact with lignin itself. In this review, we provide the latest update of the current knowledge on GEs with a special focus on the fungal variants. In addition, we have established the phylogenetic relationship between all GEs and this reveals that the fungal enzymes largely fall into one major branch, together with only a minor subset of bacterial enzymes. About 22% of the fungal proteins carry an additional domain, which is almost exclusively a CBM1 binding domain. We address how GEs may interact with the lignin-side of their substrate by molecular docking experiments based on the known structure of the Cerrena unicolor GE (CuGE). The docking studies indicate that there are no direct interactions between the enzyme and the lignin polymer, that the lignin-moiety is facing away from the protein surface and that an elongated carbon-chain between the ester-linkage and the first phenyl of lignin is preferable. Much basic research on these enzymes has been done over the past 15 years, but the next big step forward for these enzymes is connected to application and how these enzymes can facilitate the use of lignocellulose as a renewable resource.

Key points

Fungal GEs are closely related and are sometimes linked to a binding module

Molecular docking suggests good accommodation of lignin-like substructures

GEs could be among the first expressed enzymes during fungal growth on biomass.
Preclinical evaluation of 68Ga-radiolabeled trimeric affibody for PDGFRβ-targeting PET imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Cai Huawei , Li Zhao , Shi Qiuxiao , Yang Hao , Xiao Liu , Li Mufeng , Lin Hua , Wu Xiaoai , She Tianshan , Chen Lihong , Li Lin , Lu Xiaofeng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly vascularized solid carcinoma and tumor vessel–targeted molecular imaging might be effective for early diagnosis of HCC. Herein, we developed a novel trimeric affibody (ZTRI) with highly specific binding to the platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ). The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of 68Ga-radiolabeled ZTRI ([68Ga]Ga-DOTA-ZTRI) as PET tracer for diagnosis of HCC.

Methods
The bioinformatics analysis of clinical database and immunoblotting of clinical specimens were performed to validate the potential of PDGFRβ as HCC biomarker. The trimeric affibody ZTRI was conjugated with DOTA-NHS-ester and radiolabeled with 68Ga to produce [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-ZTRI conjugate. Immunoreactivity and specific uptake of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-ZTRI were assessed by dose-dependent cell binding, autoradiography, and biodistribution analysis. [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-ZTRI PET/CT scanning of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced primary HCC rats and a rare case of idiopathical HCC rhesus monkey was performed to evaluate the imaging capability and radiation dosimetry of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-ZTRI in vivo.

Results
Excessive PDGFRβ was validated as a representative biomarker of HCC neovascularization. The radiolabeling of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-ZTRI was achieved at more than 95% radiochemical yield. In vitro assays showed specific uptake of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-ZTRI in HCC tumor vessels by autoradiography. Animal PET/CT imaging with [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-ZTRI successfully visualized the tumor lesions in primary HCC rats and rhesus monkey, and indicated radiation absorbed dose of 2.03E-02 mSv/MBq for each scanning.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrated that [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-ZTRI conjugate could be applied as a promising PET tracer for early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Fuzzy Conversational Character Computing
Authors: Hundertmark Sophie , Portmann Edy , Hafner Nils 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDer folgende Beitrag zeigt auf, wie bestehende Disziplinen und Methoden aus den Bereichen der Psychologie und der Wirtschaftsinformatik miteinander kombiniert und erweitert werden, damit Conversational Bots, auch als Chat- oder Voicebots bekannt, nicht nur natürliche Sprache verstehen und verarbeiten können, sondern auch personalisiert auf die Useranfragen eingehen können. Dies alles mit dem Ziel, möglichst natürliche Dialoge zwischen Menschen und Maschinen zu ermöglichen und dabei den Fokus der Datensparsamkeit nicht zu verlieren.Dank dem neuen Ansatz des Character Computing (CC) in Kombination mit Computing with Words and Perceptions (CWP), welches ein Teilbereich der Fuzzylogic ist, und der Conversational Theory wird die Sprach- und Emotionserkennung von Conversational Bots auf ein komplett neues Level gebracht. Bisherige Chat- oder Voicebots sind lediglich darauf ausgelegt, einfache Befehle von ihren Usern zu verstehen und auszuführen. Dabei wird der Sprachinput einem vordefinierten Befehl zugeordnet und danach ausgeführt. So wird die Komplexität der Sprache auf einem Niveau vereinfacht, sodass viele wichtige Informationen verloren gehen. Es werden so beispielsweise keinerlei Informationen über die Persönlichkeit und Emotionen der User weiterverarbeitet. Beim klassischen Character Computing werden die Persönlichkeit und Emotionen zwar berücksichtigt, aber in der Regel wird eine Vielzahl von Daten benötigt, um zunächst den Character und anschließend das erwartete Verhalten des Users ableiten zu können. Dies ist in der Realität von Chat- und Voicebots kaum umsetzbar. Daher zeigen wir mit unserer Arbeit auf, wie Character Computing unter der Anwendung der Fuzzylogic mit dem Fokus auf Datensparsamkeit und Ethik angewendet werden kann.
Is preoperative hypoalbuminemia or hypoproteinemia a reliable marker for anastomotic leakage risk in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery in an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program?
Authors: Do Woong Choi Joseph , Kwik Charlotte , Vivekanandamoorthy Nurojan , Shanmugalingam Aswin , Allan Lachlan , Gavegan Fiona , Shedden Karen , Peters Ashleigh , Khoury Toufic El , Pathmanathan Nimalan , Toh James Wei Tatt 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Preoperative hypoalbuminemia has traditionally been used as a marker of nutritional status and is considered a significant risk factor for anastomotic leak (AL).

Methods
The Westmead Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (WERAS) prospectively collected database, consisting of 361 patients who underwent colorectal surgery with primary anastomosis, was interrogated. Preoperative serum albumin and protein levels (measured within 1 week of surgery) were plotted on receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC curves) and statistically analyzed for cutoff values, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPV), and negative predictive values (NPV).

Results
The incidence of AL was 4.4% (16/361). Overall mortality was 1.4% (5/361), 6.3% (1/16) in the AL group, and 1.2% (4/345) in the no AL group. The median preoperative albumin and protein level in the AL group were 39 g/L and 75 g/L, respectively. The median preoperative albumin and protein level in the no AL group were 38 g/L and 74 g/L, respectively. The Mann–Whitney U test showed no statistically significant difference in albumin levels (p = 0.4457) nor protein levels (p = 0.6245) in the AL and no AL groups. ROC curves demonstrated that preoperative albumin and protein levels were not good predictors of anastomotic leak. Cutoff values for albumin (38 g/L) and protein (75 g/L) both had poor PPV for AL (4.8% and 3.8% respectively).

Conclusion
In patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery as part of an ERAS program, preoperative serum albumin and protein levels are not reliable in predicting AL. This may be because of nutritional supplementation provided as part of an ERAS program may correct nutritional deficits to protect against AL or that low albumin/protein is not as robust a marker of AL as previously reported.
Hyaluronan-enriched transfer medium (HETM) can improve the implantation rate in morphologically poor euploid blastocyst transfer
Authors: Nakagawa Koji , Horikawa Takashi , Orita Yuji , Yamashiro Emi , Watanabe Hideaki , Shirai Asako , Ogata Souichi , Kataoka Hisayo , Kuroda Keiji , Takamizawa Satoru , Sugiyama Rikikazu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Hyaluronan-enriched transfer medium (HETM) could improve the clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) for patients with repeated implantation failures (RIF). In contrast, there have been seldom reports addressing the potentially beneficial effects of HETM for morphologically poor blastocysts (MPBLs). Our study aimed to evaluate whether the use of HETM would improve the CPR for the patients who were transferred with euploid MPBLs.

Methods
Patients who underwent single euploid blastocyst transfer between July 2020 and June 2022 were enrolled. We included only those blastocysts confirmed as euploid by PGT-A, and those blastocysts were transferred after thawing. The natural ovulatory cycle or hormone replacement cycle (HRC) protocol were used for endometrial preparation for frozen embryo transfer (FET). A total of 1,168 FET cycles were performed in the study period, including 954 cycles of morphologically good blastocysts (≥ 4BB in Gardner’s classification), and 85 cycles of MPBLs, of which 47 were transferred using HETM in FET (the HETM group), and the remaining 38 were transferred with the medium without hyaluronan (the control group). We compared the CPR between these two groups.

Results
The characteristics of patients were similar between the HETM and control groups. The CPR in the HETM group was significantly higher than the control group (47.4% and 21.5%, respectively, p = 0.019). The multiple logistic regression analysis found that the use of HETM was a predictive factor of positive pregnancy outcomes (OR = 5.08, 95% CI = 1.62–16.0, p = 0.019).

Conclusion
Our data suggests that HETM used in the euploid blastocyst transfer can improve the clinical pregnancy rates of morphologically poor blastocysts.
Differences of genomic alterations and heavy metals in non-small cell lung cancer with different histological subtypes
Authors: Mu Die , Tang Hui , Teng Gen , Li Xinyang , Zhang Yarui , Gao Ge , Wang Dongjuan , Bai Lu , Lian Xiangyao , Wen Ming , Jiang Lisha , Wu Shouxin , Jiang Huihui , Zhu Cuimin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to explore the correlations among heavy metals concentration, histologic subtypes and molecular characteristics in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods
In this study, an NGS panel of 82 tumor-associated genes was used to identify genomic alternations in 180 newly diagnosed patients with NSCLC. The concentrations of 18 heavy metals in the serum samples were detected by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-MS).

Results
A total of 243 somatic mutations of 25 mutant genes were identified in 115 of 148 patients with LUAD and 45 somatic mutations of 15 mutant genes were found in 24 of 32 patients with LUSC. The genomic alternations, somatic interactions, traditional serum biomarkers, and heavy metals were markedly different between patients with LUAD and LUSC. Moreover, patients with LUSC were significantly positively correlated with Ba, but not LUAD. Lastly, patients with EGFR mutations presented significant negative correlations with Cd and Sr, whereas patients with TP53 mutations showed a significant positive correlation with Pb.

Conclusion
The genomic alternations, somatic interactions, traditional serum biomarkers, and heavy metals were different between patients with LUAC and LUSC, and heavy metals (e.g., Ba, Pb, and Cd) may contribute to the tumorigenesis of NSCLC with different histological and molecular subtypes.