bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of adhesion force on croRS gene expression and antibiotic resistance of Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Wang Xue , Wang Siyu , Yuan Lingling , Liang Zhihua , Zhang Xiaoyue , Lin Danle , Hu Xiaoli 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSurface properties of materials influence bacterial adhesion and play important roles in biofilm antibiotic resistance. The two‐component system CroRS of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) can be activated by antibiotics and is involved in cephalosporin resistance. We hypothesized that surfaces properties could influence the expression of croRS in E. faecalis biofilm and contribute to cephalosporin resistance. In this study, the hydrophobicity of poly‐ethylene (PE) and stainless steel (SS) was characterized. Adhesion forces were measured using atomic force microscopy. The transcript levels of croRS in E. faecalis adhering to surfaces exerting different adhesion forces were compared, in presence and absence of cephalosporin. The ceftriaxone susceptibility of E. faecalis biofilms was investigated using colony forming units (CFU) counting. The water contact angles of PE and SS were 97.1 ± 0.3° and 33.5 ± 0.3°, respectively (p < .05). The adhesion force of E. faecalis on PE was 7.6 ± 1.0 nN, which was higher than that on SS surfaces (3.5 ± 0.5 nN, p < .05). The gene expression of croS and croR in E. faecalis was higher on PE compared to that on SS (p < .05). E. faecalis on the hydrophobic PE surfaces, exerting stronger adhesion force, was more resistant to ceftriaxone compared to that on more hydrophilic SS surfaces. Results revealed the surface properties of materials can modulate the expression of croRS system and interfere with the outcome of antimicrobial therapy of E. faecalis biofilm. The modification of surface properties of biomedical devices may be used as a strategy to increase the efficacy of antimicrobial therapy.
Micro‐segmentation of retinal image lesions in diabetic retinopathy using energy‐based fuzzy C‐Means clustering (EFM‐FCM)
Authors: Naz Huma , Nijhawan Rahul , Ahuja Neelu Jyothi , Saba Tanzila , Alamri Faten S. , Rehman Amjad 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is a prevalent cause of global visual impairment, contributing to approximately 4.8% of blindness cases worldwide as reported by the World Health Organization (WHO). The condition is characterized by pathological abnormalities in the retinal layer, including microaneurysms, vitreous hemorrhages, and exudates. Microscopic analysis of retinal images is crucial in diagnosing and treating DR. This article proposes a novel method for early DR screening using segmentation and unsupervised learning techniques. The approach integrates a neural network energy‐based model into the Fuzzy C‐Means (FCM) algorithm to enhance convergence criteria, aiming to improve the accuracy and efficiency of automated DR screening tools. The evaluation of results includes the primary dataset from the Shiva Netralaya Centre, IDRiD, and DIARETDB1. The performance of the proposed method is compared against FCM, EFCM, FLICM, and M‐FLICM techniques, utilizing metrics such as accuracy in noiseless and noisy conditions and average execution time. The results showcase auspicious performance on both primary and secondary datasets, achieving accuracy rates of 99.03% in noiseless conditions and 93.13% in noisy images, with an average execution time of 16.1 s. The proposed method holds significant potential in medical image analysis and could pave the way for future advancements in automated DR diagnosis and management.Research Highlights
A novel approach is proposed in the article, integrating a neural network energy‐based model into the FCM algorithm to enhance the convergence criteria and the accuracy of automated DR screening tools.
By leveraging the microscopic characteristics of retinal images, the proposed method significantly improves the accuracy of lesion segmentation, facilitating early detection and monitoring of DR.
The evaluation of the method's performance includes primary datasets from reputable sources such as the Shiva Netralaya Centre, IDRiD, and DIARETDB1, demonstrating its effectiveness in comparison to other techniques (FCM, EFCM, FLICM, and M‐FLICM) in terms of accuracy in both noiseless and noisy conditions. It achieves impressive accuracy rates of 99.03% in noiseless conditions and 93.13% in noisy images, with an average execution time of 16.1 s.
Mitochondrial Migraine: Disentangling the angiopathy paradigm in m.3243A>G patients
Authors: Smeitink Jan , Koene Saskia , Beyrath Julien , Saris Christiaan , Turnbull Douglas , Janssen Mirian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMigraine, characterized by recurrent attacks of predominantly unilateral throbbing headache, affects approximately 15% of the adult population and is an important cause of disability worldwide. Knowledge required for the development of new classes of antimigraine drugs might come from studying rare metabolic diseases associated with migraine. An illustrative example of a monogenetic disorder associated with migraine is the spectrum of disorders caused by the m.3243A>G mutation in the mitochondrial transfer RNA Leucine. Reported migraine prevalence figures in patients with this particular mutation vary considerably, but compared to the general population, m.3243A>G patients have a higher migraine prevalence. This burdensome symptom might sometimes even be the only clinical feature in maternal relatives carrying the m.3243A>G mutation. Although the exact sequence of events and the relative importance of factors underlying migraine in m.3243A>G MELAS spectrum disorders are still enigmatic, substantial evidence in man exist that dysfunctional mitochondria in both the vascular, the smooth muscle cells and the neuronal system and the interaction between these are at the starting point of the migraine developing pathophysiological cascade. Exclusively based on results of studies performed in patients harboring the m.3243A>G mutation, either in vivo or ex vivo, we here summarize our current understanding of mitochondrial angiopathy associated migraine in m.3243A>G patients which knowledge might lead to potential new avenues for migraine drug development.
Phenotypic variability in deficiency of the α subunit of succinate‐CoA ligase
Authors: Demirbas Didem , Harris David J. , Arn Pamela H. , Huang Xiaoping , Waisbren Susan E. , Anselm Irina , Lerner‐Ellis Jordan P. , Wong Lee‐Jun , Levy Harvey L. , Berry Gerard T. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSuccinyl‐CoA synthetase or succinate‐CoA ligase deficiency can result from biallelic mutations in SUCLG1 gene that encodes for the alpha subunit of the succinyl‐CoA synthetase. Mutations in this gene were initially associated with fatal infantile lactic acidosis. We describe an individual with a novel biallelic pathogenic mutation in SUCLG1 with a less severe phenotype dominated by behavioral problems. The mutation was identified to be c.512A>G corresponding to a p.Asn171Ser change in the protein. The liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry‐based enzyme activity assay on cultured fibroblasts revealed a markedly reduced activity of succinyl‐CoA synthetase enzyme when both ATP and GTP were substrates, affecting both ADP‐forming and GDP‐forming functions of the enzyme.
Validation of a therapeutic range for nitisinone in patients treated for tyrosinemia type 1 based on reduction of succinylacetone excretion
Authors: Jack Rhona M. , Scott C. Ronald 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe drug nitisinone (NTBC; Orfadin, Vienna, Austria) has been used for the treatment of hereditary tyrosinemia type‐1 since 1991. Nitisinone effectively blocks the metabolism of tyrosine to prevent the formation of the toxic compound succinylacetone (and precursor fumarylacetoacetate) in affected children. Monitoring of plasma drug levels and urine succinylacetone can be used to assess compliance and adequate dose of drug. We present retrospective data from patient monitoring for over 10 years that provide validation of a target therapeutic range for nitisinone of 40 to 60 μmol/L. The target nitisinone range is justified as valid based on reduction of succinylacetone excretion. There was no statistical significance in succinylacetone excretion in mmol/mol creatinine above a level of 40 μmol/L plasma NTBC (P > 0.05).
Aluminum nanostructures for 355 nm surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy of fluorescing chemicals
Authors: Atanasov Petar Asenov , Nedyalkov Nikolay Nedyalkov , Dikovska Anna Ognemirova , Fukata Naoki , Jevasuwan Wipakorn 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe applications of Raman spectroscopy have been limited by the presence of the fluorescence emitted by some samples. This interference can be depressed by shifting the excitation source used in Raman spectroscopy to the high‐energetic ultraviolet (UV) or deep ultraviolet (DUV) ranges. Plasmon resonance of aluminum (Al) nanostructures can play an important role in surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) of fluorescence samples. Al active nanostructures have been produced for the first time on the aluminum nitride (AlN) substrates by nanosecond (ns) laser pulses or on fused silica by direct picosecond (ps) laser deposition. The efficiency of the Al active nanostructures produced on AlN for 355 nm SERS was simulated using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. The ability of using the Al active nanostructures has been proven for the first time to study rhodamine 6G (R6G) and methylene blue (MB) as probe fluorescing molecules for 355 nm SERS. The SERS spectra at different conditions have also been achieved.
Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus Linn.) protein isolate as a promising plant protein mixed with xanthan gum for stabilizing oil‐in‐water emulsions
Authors: Liu Rui , Yan Xuebing , Liu Ruixin , Wu Qifan , Gao Yuhong , Muhindo Esther Mwizerwa , Zhi Zijian , Wu Tao , Sui Wenjie , Zhang Min 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDLima bean protein isolate (LPI) is an underutilized plant protein. Similar to other plant proteins, it may display poor emulsification properties. In order to improve its emulsifying properties, one effective approach is using protein and polysaccharide mixtures. This work investigated the structural and emulsifying properties of LPI as well as the development of an LPI/xanthan gum (XG)‐stabilized oil‐in‐water emulsion.RESULTSThe highest protein solubility (84.14%) of LPI was observed and the molecular weights (Mw) of most LPI subunits were less than 35 kDa. The enhanced emulsifying activity index (15.97 m2 g−1) of LPI might be associated with its relatively high protein solubility and more low‐Mw subunits (Mw < 35 kDa). The effects of oil volume fraction (ϕ) on droplet size, microstructure, rheological behavior and stability of emulsions were investigated. As ϕ increased from 0.2 to 0.8, the emulsion was arranged from spherical and dispersed oil droplets to polyhedral packing of oil droplets adjacent to each other, while the LPI/XG mixtures changed from particles (in the uncrowded interfacial layer) to lamellae (in the crowded interfacial layer). When ϕ was 0.6, the emulsion was in a transitional state with the coexistence of particles and lamellar structures on the oil droplet surface. The LPI/XG‐stabilized emulsions with ϕ values of 0.6–0.8 showed the highest stability during a 14‐day storage period.CONCLUSIONThis study developed a promising plant‐based protein resource, LPI, and demonstrates potential application of LPI/XG as an emulsifying stabilizer in foods. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Risks of abuse of large language models, like ChatGPT, in scientific publishing: Authorship, predatory publishing, and paper mills
Authors: Kendall Graham , Teixeira da Silva Jaime A. 
Published: September 2023

Key points
Academia is already witnessing the abuse of authorship in papers with text generated by large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT.
LLM‐generated text is testing the limits of publishing ethics as we traditionally know it.
We alert the community to imminent risks of LLM technologies, like ChatGPT, for amplifying the predatory publishing ‘industry’.
The abuse of ChatGPT for the paper mill industry cannot be over‐emphasized.
Detection of LLM‐generated text is the responsibility of editors and journals/publishers.
Visualizing the Hardy's Paradox using Hyper‐Entanglement‐Assisted Ghost Imaging
Authors: Zhang Wuhong , Qiu Xiaodong , Zhang Dongkai , Chen Lixiang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe concept of quantum nonlocality, lying at the heart of quantum information science and technologies, is physically counter‐intuitive and mathematically elusive. Here, a hyper‐entanglement‐assisted ghost imaging system is designed to visualize the evidence of Hardy's paradox by capturing the purely nonlocal photonic events with a spatially resolved intensified charge‐coupled device (ICCD) camera. In the two‐photon polarization‐spatial‐mode hyper‐entangled state, spatial entanglement conveys the ghost images while polarization entanglement encodes the imaging channels in the logical structure of Hardy's nonlocality proof. Then whether the single ghost image of a skull‐shape object is observed or not can be a direct yet intuitive signature to support or defy quantum mechanics. Moreover, the degree of the violation of locality can be characterized by the contrast‐to‐noise ratio of ghost images macroscopically, and the nonlocal behavior of violating the locality microscopically at the single‐pixel level with a reasonable confidence level of 75% is also achieved. The proposed strategy not only sheds new light on the fundamental issue of quantum mechanics, but also holds promise for developing hyper‐entanglement‐based quantum imaging technology.
Hyperspectral Coherent Raman Scattering (CRS) Microscopy Based on a Rapidly Tunable and Environmentally Stable Fiber Laser
Authors: Kong Cihang , Pilger Christian , Kunisch Manuel , Förster Christine , Schulte am Esch Jan , Huser Thomas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCoherent Raman scattering (CRS) microscopy is an attractive label‐free imaging method providing high chemical sensitivity, sub‐micron spatial resolution, and video‐rate imaging speed. When extended to hyperspectral CRS (HS‐CRS), it is capable of distinguishing molecules even in complex heterogeneous systems by probing multiple Raman resonances. Solid‐state lasers, associated with their high cost, large footprint, and slow tuning speed, currently limit the widespread application of HS‐CRS. Fiber lasers with comparable properties usually suffer from poor noise performance or instabilities during wavelength tuning. A tunable two‐color fiber laser is demonstrated that can be electronically tuned at rates of up to 1 kHz. The use of polarization‐maintaining fibers and an all‐optical synchronization mechanism guarantees its mode‐locking stability. The superior noise performance of this system is evaluated by the side‐by‐side comparison with data obtained by a commercial optical parametric oscillator (OPO)‐based laser. Large‐area multimodal imaging of liver tissue sections surgically resected from a patient suffering from a non‐neoplastic liver parenchyma with micronodular cirrhosis in combination with a multilocular hepatocellular carcinoma is demonstrated. By exploiting the fast‐hyperspectral scanning capability of the laser and multivariate statistical analysis, virtual staining of tissue sections and a comparison of the diagnostic properties of HS‐CRS to the classical histopathological approach are achieved.
Poly(propylene glycol)‐Based Non‐Isocyanate Polyurethane Ionenes: Thermal, Morphological and Conductive Properties
Authors: Pierce Jordan C. , Timmermann George M. , Singer Creston , Salas‐de la Cruz David , Miller Kevin M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of a series of polyurethane ionenes using a non‐isocyanate approach is disclosed. Imidazole‐capped, urethane‐containing prepolymers are prepared by first reacting carbonyl diimidazole (CDI) with several poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) diols with variable molecular weight, followed by subsequent reaction with 3‐aminopropylimidazole (API). Polymerization with 1,4‐dibromomethylbenzene followed by anion exchange resulted in the desired polyurethane ionenes bearing the [NTf2] counteranion as a series of viscous liquids. NMR and FTIR spectroscopy are used to characterize the intermediates and final ionenes, including molecular weight determination by end‐group analysis. A single glass transition temperature (Tg), as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), is observed for each ionene (−38 to −64 °C) with the Tg decreasing with increasing PPG molecular weight. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated a two‐step decomposition for each ionene, with the first being degradation of the PPG segment, followed by the urethane/ionic segment. Microphase separation is observed from x‐ray scattering profiles with Bragg distances that increased with increasing PPG molecular weight. Ionic conductivity is found to be inversely dependent upon DSC Tg at lower temperatures (RT and below); however, at higher temperatures, conductivity appears to be more dependent upon the ability of ionic aggregates caused by phase separation to interact.
A classification of low c.e. sets and the Ershov hierarchy
Authors: Faizrahmanov Marat 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we prove several results about the Turing jumps of low c.e. sets. We show that only Δ‐levels of the Ershov Hierarchy can properly contain the Turing jumps of c.e. sets and that there exists an arbitrarily large computable ordinal with a normal notation such that the corresponding Δ‐level is proper for the Turing jump of some c.e. set. Next, we generalize the notion of jump traceability to the jump traceability with ‐ and ‐bound for every infinite computable ordinal α. It is known that jump traceability and superlowness coincide on the c.e. sets and we show that for every infinite computable ordinal α, jump traceability with ‐ or ‐bound of a c.e. set A is equivalent to the fact that . Finally, we consider the generalized truth‐table reducibilities and prove that for every (not necessarily the Turing jump of a c.e. set) set A and every limit computable ordinal α, iff .
LINC02774 inhibits glycolysis in glioma to destabilize HIF‐1α dependent on transcription factor RP58
Authors: Chen Yuanbing , Liu Yating , Xiong Jianbing , Ouyang Lianlian , Tang Miao , Mao Chao , Li Liling , Xiao Desheng , Liu Shuang , Yang Zhen , Huang Jun , Tao Yongguang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGlioma, the most common of malignant tumors in the brain, is responsible for the majority of deaths from primary brain tumors. The regulation of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in HIF‐1α‐driven tumor development remains unclear. LINC02774 is a nuclear lncRNA and that it is being reported for the first time in this study. We found the downregulation of LINC02774 in glioma and decreased with the degree of malignant, with its expression showing a negative correlation with the relative index of enhanced magnetic resonance (RIEMR). RIEMR‐associated LINC02774 was found to inhibit glycolysis by modulating the hypoxia pathway rather than the hypoxia response itself. LINC02774 interacted with its neighboring gene, RP58 (ZBTB18), to enhance the expression of PHD3, which catalyzed HIF‐1α hydroxylase and ubiquitination, leading to the downregulation of HIF‐1α expression. We also found that the function of LINC02774, dependent on PHD3, was diminished upon RP58 depletion. Notably, higher expression of RIEMR‐associated LINC02774 was associated with a favorable prognosis. In conclusion, these findings reveal the role of RIEMR‐associated LINC02774, which relies on its neighbor gene, RP58, to regulate the hypoxia pathway as a novel tumor suppressor, suggesting its potential to be a prognostic marker and a molecular target for the therapy of glioma.
Atomistic simulations of nucleation and growth of CaCO3 with the influence of inhibitors: A review
Authors: Li Yue , Zeng Hongbo , Zhang Hao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCalcium carbonate (CaCO3) is a crucial mineral with great scientific relevance in biomineralization and geoscience. However, excessive precipitation of CaCO3 is posing a threat to industrial production and the aquatic environment. The utilization of chemical inhibitors is typically considered an economical and successful route for addressing the scaling issues, while the underlying mechanism is still debated and needs to be further investigated. In this context, a deep understanding of the crystallization process of CaCO3 and how the inhibitors interact with CaCO3 nuclei and crystals are of great significance in evaluating the performance of scale inhibitors. In recent years, with the rapid development of computing facilities, computer simulations have provided an atomic‐level perspective on the kinetics and thermodynamics of possible association events in CaCO3 solutions as well as the predictions of nucleation pathway and growth mechanism of CaCO3 crystals as a complement to experiment. This review surveys several computational methods and their achievements in this field with a focus on analyzing the functional mechanisms of different types of inhibitors. A general discussion of the current challenges and future directions in applying atomistic simulations to the discovery, design, and development of more effective water‐scale inhibitors is also discussed.
Quantitative assessment of adaptive radiotherapy for prostate cancer using deep learning: Bladder dose as a decision criterion
Authors: Wan Luping , Jiang Yin , Zhu Xianggao , Wu Hao , Zhao Wei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundAdaptive radiotherapy (ART) can incorporate anatomical variations in a reoptimized treatment plan for fractionated radiotherapy. An automatic solution to objectively determine whether ART should be performed immediately after the daily image acquisition is highly desirable.PurposeWe investigate a quantitative criterion for whether ART should be performed in prostate cancer radiotherapy by synthesizing pseudo‐CT (sCT) images and evaluating dosimetric impact on treatment planning using deep learning approaches.Method and materialsPlanning CT (pCT) and daily cone‐beam CT (CBCT) data sets of 74 patients are used to train (60 patients) and evaluate (14 patients) a cycle adversarial generative network (CycleGAN) that performs the task of synthesizing high‐quality sCT from daily CBCT. Automatic delineation (AD) of the bladder is performed on the sCT using the U‐net. The combination of sCT and AD allows us to perform dose calculations based on the up‐to‐date bladder anatomy to determine whether the original treatment plan (ori‐plan) is still applicable. For positive cases that the patients’ anatomical changes and the associated dose calculations warrant re‐planning, we made rapid plan revisions (re‐plan) based on the ori‐plan.ResultsThe mean absolute error within the region‐of‐interests (i.e., body, bladder, fat, muscle) between the sCT and pCT are 41.2, 25.1, 26.5, and 29.0HU, respectively. Taking the calculated results of pCT doses as the standard, for PTV, the gamma passing rates of sCT doses at 1 mm/1%, 2 mm/2% are 87.92%, 98.78%, respectively. The Dice coefficients of the AD‐contours are 0.93 on pCT and 0.91 on sCT. According to the result of dose calculation, we found when the bladder volume underwent a substantial change (79.7%), the bladder dose is still within the safe limit, suggesting it is insufficient to solely use the bladder volume change as a criterion to determine whether adaptive treatment needs to be done. After AD‐contours of the bladder using sCT, there are two cases whose bladder dose . For the two cases, we perform re‐planning to reduce the bladder dose to , under the condition that the PTV meets the prescribed dose.ConclusionWe provide a dose accurate adaptive workflow for prostate cancer patients by using deep learning approaches, and implement ART that adapts to bladder dose. Of note, the specific replanning criterion for whether ART needs to be performed can adapt to different centers’ choices based on their experience and daily observations.