bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing the Pregnancy Outcome of Intrauterine Insemination and Follow-Up Treatment
Authors: Huang Xuan , Sun Qin , Tang Xu , Li Meiling , Zhou Cheng , Cheng Xi , Yao Bing , Chen Li 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Many factors were reported associated with the pregnancy rate of intrauterine insemination (IUI), which played key role is still debated.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to explore related clinical pregnancy outcome factor in IUI cycles of non-male factor.

Settings and Design:
The clinical data of 1232 IUI cycles in 690 couples experiencing infertility who attended the Reproductive Center of Jinling Hospital between July 2015 and November 2021 were retrospectively analysed.

Materials and Methods:
Female and male age, body mass index (BMI), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), male semen parameters before and after wash, endometrial thickness (EMT), artificial insemination timing and ovarian stimulation (OS) protocols were compared between the pregnant group and the non-pregnant group in order to explore any correlation.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Continuous variables were analysed using independent-samples t-test, and Chi-square test was used for comparison of measurement data between the two groups. P <0.05 was considered statistical significance.

Results:
There were statistically significant differences in female AMH, EMT and duration of OS between the two groups. The AMH was higher in the pregnant group than in the non-pregnant group (P < 0.01), the stimulated days was significantly longer (P < 0.05) and EMT was significantly greater (P < 0.01) in the pregnant group than in the non-pregnant group. Further analysis showed that when patients with IUI had the following conditions: AMH &gt; 4.5 ng/ml, EMT between 8 and 12 mm and letrozole + human menopausal gonadotropin stimulation with higher clinical pregnancy. However, there were no differences between the pregnant group and the non-pregnant group amongst the female and male age, BMI, hormones on baseline and day of human chorionic gonadotrophin, number of ovulated oocytes, sperm parameters before and after wash, treatment protocols and the timing of IUI (P > 0.05). Furthermore, there were 240 couples who not pregnant received one or more cycles of in vitro fertilisation/intracytoplasmic sperm injection/ pre-implantation genetic technology treatment, and another 182 couples forgo follow-up treatment.

Conclusion:
The results of the present study demonstrate that the clinical IUI pregnancy rate is correlated with the factors of female AMH, EMT and OS protocol; more studies and samples are necessary to evaluate whether other factors affect pregnancy rate.
Male Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism
Authors: Salehisedeh Nastaran , Parhizkar Amir , Yaghmaei Parichehreh , Sabbaghian Marjan 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) is a form of male infertility caused by a congenital defect in the secretion or action of gonadotropin-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus. Oestradiol emerged as the main sex steroid in the regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular axis, reproductive function and growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH/IGF-1) axis in men. Moreover, GH/IGF-1 axis has been suggested to play a role in IHH.

Aims:
This study evaluated serum IGF-1 in IHH men and controls. Furthermore, we evaluated the association between serum total oestradiol (TE2) and IGF-1 levels in patients and controls. Parameters including age, body mass index and fertility history were analysed.

Settings and Design:
This prospective study was conducted at the Royan institute.

Materials and Methods:
In 20 men with IHH and 20 controls, serum IGF-1 levels were estimated using chemiluminescence immunoassay and serum E2 levels were assessed by means of the electrochemiluminescence method.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, parametric t-test or the Mann-Whitney and the Pearson correlation coefficient were performed. SPSS version 22 was used for the analysis of data.

Results:
There was a significant decrease in serum IGF-1 levels in IHH patients compared with controls (145.1 ± 8.9 ng/ml vs. 229.6 ± 7.3 ng/ml P < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, a significant decrease was observed in TE2 levels in IHH male patients (12.3 ± 2.5 pg/ml) compared with controls (31.9 ± 5.3 pg/ml P < 0.001). A positive correlation was observed between serum IGF-1 and TE2 levels in the total number of participants, suggesting that E2 deficiency in IHH cases can explain the lower levels of serum IGF-1.

Conclusions:
These findings suggest that the reduction in IGF-1 levels may be associated with the influence of E2 on the GH/IGF-1 axis, and may confirm the role of the GH/IGF-1 axis in IHH. Further investigations will be required to determine the exact mechanisms by which E2 and IGF-1 affect the reproductive neuroendocrine function.
Assessment of the Impact Induced by Different Incubation Time, Storage Time, Storage Medium and Thawing Methods on Sperm DNA Fragmentation Assay
Authors: Sabbaghian Marjan , Hosseinifar Hani , Rafaee Alemeh , Gilani Mohammad Ali Sadighi 
Published: April 2023

Background:
The sperm DNA fragmentation has been considered an important index in the field of male infertility.

Aims:
Our study aims to evaluate the impact of different factors, including incubation time, storage time, storage medium and method of thawing, on DNA fragmentation of semen samples.

Settings and Design:
This study was designed as a before–after study in five experiments.

Materials and Methods:
Experiment 1 was conducted to assess the effect of storage time in liquid nitrogen on 15 semen samples. In experiment 2, DNA fragmentation was performed on 10 semen samples with different incubation times before freezing. In experiments 3, 4, two different storage media and thawing methods were applied respectively in two separate groups, each containing 30 samples and the DNA fragmentation index (DFI) was measured using the sperm chromatin structure assay method.

Statistical Analysis:
Data were analysed using Stata version 11.

Results:
There was a significant increase in sperm DNA fragmentation of samples stored in liquid nitrogen for 1 month. This increase occurred in the first 2 weeks. Furthermore, our results showed a significant increase in the DFI after 120 min of incubation at room temperature (RT) and also thawing in RT separately.

Conclusion:
It is better to use fresh samples to measure DNA fragmentation up to 2 h after ejaculation to achieve more accurate results. Furthermore, if sperm freezing is inevitable, the use of a water bath (37°C) to thaw will be the most appropriate option, as it can lead to less DNA damage.
Does Testicular Sperm Alter Reproductive and Perinatal Outcomes in Assisted Reproductive Technology Cycles? 10 Years' Experience in an Indian Clinic
Authors: Mantravadi Krishna Chaitanya , Rao Durga Gedela , Sree Y. Rupa 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Intra-Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) has revolutionized the reproductive outcomes for couples with male factor infertility. Especially in azoospermic men, use of ICSI with surgically retrieved testicular sperm has helped them have their own biological child. However, considering the immature nature of testicular sperm safety of testicular sperm has been debated.

Aims:
To compare reproductive outcomes, neonatal outcomes and the incidence of congenital malformations in children born after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), using different sperm origins.

Settings and Design:
This is a retrospective study in which a total of 989 participants were enrolled. Study group (Testicular Sperm Aspiration (TESA) ICSI group) had 552 couples with female partners aged ≤37 and had self gamete cycles. ICSI cycles with ejaculated sperm (EJS) acted as the control group.

Materials and Methods:
All male patients underwent surgical sperm retrieval and all the women underwent controlled ovarian stimulation and transvaginal oocyte retrieval and Ovum Pick Up (OPU) as per the standard operating procedures of the clinic. Frozen embryo transfer with two good-grade blastocysts, which had shown 100% survival, were transferred in subsequent cycles.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The Student's t-test was performed for age distribution; odds ratio was performed to find the confounding factors.

Results:
Embryonic and reproductive outcomes were comparable and not statistically significant in the study and control groups. Incidence of congenital anomalies was observed in singleton live births and twin live births in both the TESA-ICSI group and the EJS-ICSI group, but the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusions:
Our study revealed that congenital malformations in children born out of ICSI using testicular sperm and EJS were similar; no difference was observed in miscarriages between the testicular sperm-ICSI and EJS-ICSI group. Our data suggests that surgical sperm retrieval in couples with male factor infertility does not alter their reproductive outcome.
Preoperative Predictors for the Presence of Motile Spermatozoa in the Epididymis and Patency of Anastomosis During Microsurgical Vasoepididymal Anastomosis in Patients with Obstructive Azoospermia
Authors: Kadian Bhopesh , Sharma Aditya Prakash , Rohilla Manish , Gorsi Ujjwal , Kaur Japleen , Mavuduru Ravimohan S. 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Following microsurgical vaso-epididymal anastomosis (VEA), anastomotic patency with sperm returning to the ejaculate is not always present and may even be delayed. The presence of motile spermatozoa is highly suggestive of future patency following surgery.

Aims:
We prospectively analyse the factors that could predict motile spermatozoa at the epididymis intraoperatively and predictors of patency in patients with obstructive azoospermia (OA) undergoing microsurgical VEA.

Settings and Design:
Department of Urology of a tertiary care centre in Northern India. It is a prospective observational study.

Materials and Methods:
Over a 2-year period (July 2019 to June 2021), 26 patients with idiopathic OA were enrolled in the study. Twenty patients underwent microsurgical VEA. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence/absence of intraoperative motile spermatozoa.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Analysis of preoperative and intraoperative factors was done using the Mann–Whitney U-test, Chi-squared test and Fischer exact test.

Results:
Out of 20 patients, 5 (group 2) had intraoperative motile spermatozoa in the epididymal fluid and 15 (group 1) had nonmotile spermatozoa. Low luteinising hormone (LH) levels (P = 0.01) and high testosterone levels (P = 0.05) were the predictive of presence of motile spermatozoa in epididymal fluid. Mean follow-up was 9 months (6–18 months). Predictors of higher patency were grade 2 epididymis (firm, turgid and tense) (P = 0.003), low LH levels (P = 0.03), low sertoli cell index (P = 0.006), high sperm-Sertoli index (P = 0.002) and better surgeon satisfaction (P = 0.01).

Conclusion:
Low LH levels and high testosterone levels may be predictive of the presence of motile spermatozoa in epididymal fluid. Firm, turgid and tense epididymis, low Sertoli cell index, high sperm-Sertoli index and surgeon satisfaction suggest a greater chance of success after VEA for idiopathic azoospermia.
Phytochemical analysis of chitraka granthikadi kashaya—an ayurvedic polyherbal formulation
Authors: Dhanya P. R. , Sajjanar Neelakanta J. , Gopalakrishna G. 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Chromatographic fingerprinting of herbal formulations is a useful tool for explaining the scientific background and to develop a more targeted treatment methodology. Thus, this study has undertaken to report the characteristic parameters of chitraka granthikadi kashaya an ayurvedic polyherbal formulation to validate its quality.

Materials and Methods:
The root of Shodhita (purified) Chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica L.) and Eranda (Ricinus communis L.), dried rhizome of Shunti (Zingiber officinale Roscoe.), fruit of Pippali (Piper longum L.), and Saindhava lavana (Rock salt) were the ingredients of chitraka granthikadi kashaya. The Kwatha (medicated decoction) was prepared and evaluated for its phytochemical parameters and thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry chromatography parameters in accordance with the standard methods.

Results:
The phytochemical screening, GC–MS study, and TLC of the formulation reported the presence of 13 potential bioactive compounds. The action of these compounds based on the available literature has given a close similarity with the therapeutic action of the formulation.

Conclusion:
The presence of 13 bioactive compounds was found in this formulation with different peak values. Major compounds present are piperine, B-sitosterol, geranyl isovalarate, hexacosane, etc. Few compounds were very minimal and even no sufficient literature data available for them.
Yogic breathing and meditation techniques on lung functions in healthy individuals
Authors: Aruchunan Mooventhan , Nivethitha L. 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Yogic breathing (i.e., pranayama) and meditation techniques (YBMT) are the most important parts of yoga. Regular practice of yoga has shown to improve pulmonary functions in healthy as well as in people with pulmonary diseases. However, studies on effectiveness of YBMT alone on lung function are lacking.

Aims:
To evaluate the short-term effect of YBMT on peak expiratory flow rate in healthy individuals.

Settings and Design:
A pilot randomized controlled study was done in a medical college hospital located in South India.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty healthy individuals were randomly allocated to either a study group or a control group. Study group practiced YBMT for 10 min/day for 2 weeks, while the control group was under their normal routine. Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was assessed before and after 2 weeks of intervention.

Statistical Analysis:
Independent t test and paired t test were conducted to compare the means of inter groups and intra-groups using SPSS, version 16.

Results:
A significant increase in PEFR was observed in the study group (P < 0.001), unlike the control group (P = 0.588). Moreover, a significant increase in PEFR was observed in the study group (P = 0.047) compared to the control group.

Conclusion:
Results suggest that YBMT might be useful in improving PEFR in healthy individuals.
Field Games untuk Menstimulasi Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Ahmad  , Uray Gustian  , Y. Touvan Juni Samodra  , Rubiyatno  , Rahmat Putra Perdana  
Published: April 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa sekolah dasar. Metode yang digunakan yaitu Pra Exsperimental Designs dengan pendekatan One Group Pretest Posttest Designs dengan sample anak SD yang berjumlah 12 orang dibagi dua tim,tim A terdiri 6 orang dan tim B terdiri 6 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu instrumen Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI). Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji T. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dari pretest dari tim A nilai rata-rata GPAI 5,4, sedangkan tim B nilai rata-rata GPAI 4,64. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dari posttest dari tim A nilai rata-rata GPAI 6,94, sedangkan tim B nilai rata-rata GPAI 6,6. Ternyata ada peningkatan anak dalam kemampuan pemecahan masalah. Berdasarkan uji data dinyatakan normal dan homogen. Uji T memberikan hasil sig hitung 0,018 < 0,05 maka dinyatakan ada perbedaan kemampuan memecahkan masalah pada siswa. Sehingga field game efektif untuk menstimulasi kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa sekolah dasar.
MANAJEMEN QALBU DAN HURRIYAT AL-INSAN; MENJAGA KESEIMBANGAN HIDUP ANTARA KOMPONEN FISIK DAN NON-FISIK DALAM BERWIRAUSAHA
Authors: Harahap Mufti Fahrizal 
Published: April 2023

Artikel ini ditulis sebagai upaya dalam memposisikan diri di era antrposentrisme, freedom sebagai ciri utamanya tentu akan mempe-ngaruhi segala tindakan dalam berwirausaha. Sebagai makhluk beragama penting untuk menegakkan secara vertikal antara hidunya dengan sang pemberi hidup. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penulisan artikel ini ialah sumber pustaka. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh secara umum, bahwa prinsip-prinsip Manajemen Qalbu dapat bermanfaat bagi setiap pengusaha, di antaranya; Pertama, Dapat mengenal potensi-potensi positif dan negatif dalam dirinya, sehingga nilai-nilai positif atau kebaikan dalam dirinya terus dikem-bangkan sedangkan potensi negatif dapat dikendalikan atau di hindari. Kedua, Mendekatkan diri kepada Allah yang memiliki alam semesta. Ketiga, Hati menjadi sehat dan dapat menumbuhkan pikiran-pikiran positif yang berujung pada tindakan positif. Keempat, Memiliki mental yang tidak mudah goyah, yang mampu mengontrol diri dari sifat-sifat negatif sehingga mampu meminimalisir setiap tekanan, baik dari dalam maupun dari luar. Kelima, Capaian prinsip Manajemen Qalbu dalam pembentukan mental kewirausahaan.
Prototype of a Continuous Passive Motion device for shoulder rehabilitation
Authors: Rosa Rubens dos Santos , Favarin Flávio , Arantes Felipe Augustus Alves , França Gabriel da Silva , Caetano Giuliano Severino , De Souza Igor Henrique , Quideroli Jorge Matheus Fernandes 
Published: April 2023

Continuous Passive Motion - CPM - is a therapeutic method that provides fast and safe patient rehabilitation. Considering the fact that the equipment performs the movement along with the patient, who also does it but passively, this treatment procedure can immediately be applied in the postoperative care period. Although this technique makes recovery faster, as strains will be spared from ligaments, muscles and tendons, not all clinics can offer CPM therapy due to its high cost. Bearing in mind the existence of such equipment that performs the aforementioned motion, the objective of this work was the development and manufacture of a prototype device for continuous passive shoulder movement, with costs reduced to an approximate value of USD$730.00 compared to the average price in the market which is around USD$1510.00. This difference in values would make it affordable for a greater majority of clinics and offices to purchase them and, thus, promote the accelerated timely recovery of the limb after operation, for a larger number of patients, allowing these patients to return to their daily tasks in shorter period of time. For the execution of the prototype, specific mechanical manufacturing methods, such us turning, milling and welding of materials, were applied in order to make the equipment safe and effective, provide comfort for the patient and, above all, make the device affordable for most physiotherapy clinics. The material used for the production was stainless steel, cables, pulleys, tilting automation kit and inductive sensors.
Concept of Prativisha: An Unmapped Area
Authors: Rani Jyoti  , Sharma Anita  , Vishnoi Rinkesh  , Yadav Sunita  
Published: April 2023

Agad Tantra is the one branch of Astang Ayurveda. It deals with all poison whether it is animate or inanimate. Various treatments are explained for all poisoning. General management and specific treatments are given, in which Prativisha is one. Prativisha is the poison to be used as a treatment against another poison. In modern, Prativisha is comparable with antidote. Even though for the use of Prativisha, some specific indication and contraindication are clarified. If these rules are not followed then patients life would get endangered. For the animate poisoning condition, some plant poisons are described and for the inanimate a specific way is described to use animate poison. In some parts of country, only folklore Vaidyas are using this line of treatment but not practiced by all. This area is not so much explored in research field due to life risk and ethical issues. Only a few studies have been found on the use of Prativisha. So, there is need to explore the area firstly through the lab experiment to know the mechanism how a poison molecule can be converted into less toxic molecule. After that, animal experimentation to know the safety and efficacy in all aspect of Prativisha so that it can be used in treatment line in human being.
Standardisation of Vilwadi Leha - A Process Validation Based on Total Solid Method
Authors: Shilpa V Kumar  , Rajesh V  
Published: April 2023

Standardisation can be defined as a process of enforcing a level of consistency or uniformity in pharmaceutical preparations which are operated within the selected environment. Vilwadileha is a well-known Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation used for the management of various diseases such as Chardi, Arochaka, Praseka, Agnimandhya etc. It is described in Sahasrayoga leha prakarana. Aim: The objective was to develop the standard manufacturing procedure (SMP) and quality standards of Vilwadi leha based on total solid method. Total soluble solids content of a solution is determined by the index of refraction using either hand refractometer or Abbe refractometer. Brix is the term used when a refractometer equipped with scale, measures total soluble solids of a pure aqueous sucrose solution by the aid of refractive indices at 20°C and percentage by mass. Materials and methods: In present work, VL was prepared in three batches as per standard guidelines mentioned in AFI Vol 2. Results: Samyak leha paka lakshanas observed was compared with brix value and fix the brix value of VL prepared in 3 Batches. It took 10.40hr to completion of preparation. Conclusion: The current study opens a new concept to standardise Avaleha. This is a trial work to standardise the Leha paka with total solids analysis method or brix value. Brix for each preparation may differ based on sucrose concentration. It was found that Leha prepared with TS between 75 and 77 had parameters similar to Samyak Leha paka. Attempts were also made to develop analytical profile of final product.
Mainstreaming the Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) into long-term development plans; Its impact on sustainable development in Non-Annex I Party states
Authors: Issaka Sule Ayannor 
Published: April 2023

Though the importance of the Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action (NAMA) in mitigating Global emissions have been covered extensively by the literature, however, there has been little effort by researchers to find out the connections between the successful implementation of the NAMAs of respective Parties and sustainable development in the long run. This paper, based on the results from expert interviews via Skype and telephone with the NAMA focal persons of Ethiopia, Indonesia, and Georgia seeks to fill this gap in the literature by finding out how NAMAs, when implemented can lead to the attainment of overall economic growth and sustainable development in the long run. The paper covers seven NAMAs, with three seeking support for preparation and the other four seeking support for implementation as shown in table 1 below. The findings of this paper have shown significant connections between the NAMAs of the countries under study and overall economic growth based on their impact on the performance of other sectors of their respective economies when successfully implemented. This will contribute significantly to the achievement of sustainable development goals by poorer countries. There is, therefore, the need for developed countries to intensify their support in the areas of capacity building, financial, and technical support to poorer countries to enable them successfully implement their NAMAs as recommended by the Cancun agreement.