bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary Origins of Binary Neutron Star Mergers: Effects of Common Envelope Efficiency and Metallicity
Authors: Gallegos-Garcia Monica , Berry Christopher P. L. , Kalogera Vicky 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The formation histories of compact binary mergers, especially stellar-mass binary black hole mergers, have recently come under increased scrutiny and revision. We revisit the question of the dominant formation channel and efficiency of forming binary neutron star (BNS) mergers. We use the stellar and binary evolution code MESA and implement a detailed method for common envelope and mass transfer. We perform simulations for donor masses between 7 M
⊙ and 20 M
⊙ with a neutron star (NS) companion of 1.4 M
⊙ and 2.0 M
⊙ at two metallicities, using varying common envelope efficiencies and two different prescriptions to determine if the donor undergoes core collapse or electron capture, given their helium and carbon–oxygen cores. In contrast to the case of binary black hole mergers, for an NS companion of 1.4 M
⊙, all BNS mergers are formed following a common envelope phase. For an NS mass of 2.0 M
⊙, we identify a small subset of mergers following only stable mass transfer if the NS receives a natal kick sampled from a Maxwellian distribution with velocity dispersion σ = 265 km s−1. Regardless of the supernova prescription, we find more BNS mergers at subsolar metallicity compared to solar.
Machine-learning Cosmology from Void Properties
Authors: Wang 汪 Bonny Y. 玥 , Pisani Alice , Villaescusa-Navarro Francisco , Wandelt Benjamin D. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Cosmic voids are the largest and most underdense structures in the Universe. Their properties have been shown to encode precious information about the laws and constituents of the Universe. We show that machine-learning techniques can unlock the information in void features for cosmological parameter inference. We rely on thousands of void catalogs from the GIGANTES data set, where every catalog contains an average of 11,000 voids from a volume of

1

h

−
1

Gpc

3

. We focus on three properties of cosmic voids: ellipticity, density contrast, and radius. We train (1) fully connected neural networks on histograms from individual void properties and (2) deep sets from void catalogs to perform likelihood-free inference on the value of cosmological parameters. We find that our best models are able to constrain the value of Ω
m
, σ
8, and n

s
with mean relative errors of 10%, 4%, and 3%, respectively, without using any spatial information from the void catalogs. Our results provide an illustration for the use of machine learning to constrain cosmology with voids.
A Titov–Démoulin Type Eruptive Event Generator for β > 0 Plasmas
Authors: Sokolov Igor V. , Gombosi Tamas I 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We provide exact analytical solutions for the magnetic field produced by prescribed current distributions located inside a toroidal filament of finite thickness. The solutions are expressed in terms of toroidal functions, which are modifications of the Legendre functions. In application to the MHD equilibrium of a twisted toroidal current loop in the solar corona, the Grad–Shafranov equation is decomposed into an analytic solution describing an equilibrium configuration against the pinch-effect from its own current and an approximate solution for an external strapping field to balance the hoop force. Our solutions can be employed in numerical simulations of coronal mass ejections (CMEs). When superimposed on the background solar coronal magnetic field, the excess magnetic energy of the twisted current loop configuration can be made unstable by applying flux cancellation to reduce the strapping field. Such loss of stability accompanied by the formation of an expanding flux rope is typical for the Titov & Démoulin eruptive event generator. The main new features of the proposed model are as follows: the filament is filled with finite β plasma with finite mass and energy, the model describes an equilibrium solution that will spontaneously erupt due to magnetic reconnection of the strapping magnetic field arcade, and there are analytic expressions connecting the model parameters to the asymptotic velocity and total mass of the resulting CME, providing a way to connect the simulated CME properties to multipoint coronograph observations.
Long-term Evolution of Massive-star Post-common-envelope Circumbinary Disks and the Environments of Fast Luminous Transients
Authors: Tuna Semih , Metzger Brian D. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
If the envelope of a massive star is not entirely removed during common envelope (CE) interaction with an orbiting compact (e.g., black hole (BH) or neutron star (NS)) companion, the residual bound material eventually cools, forming a centrifugally supported disk around the binary containing the stripped He core. We present a time-dependent height-integrated model for the long-term evolution of post-CE circumbinary disks (CBDs), accounting for mass and angular momentum exchange with the binary, irradiation heating by the He core, and photoevaporation wind mass loss. A large fraction of the CBD’s mass is accreted prior to its outwards viscous spreading and wind dispersal on a timescale of ∼104–105 yr, driving significant orbital migration, even for disks containing ∼10% of the original envelope mass. Insofar that the CBD lifetime is comparable to the thermal (and, potentially, nuclear) timescale of the He core, over which a second mass-transfer episode onto the companion can occur, the presence of the CBD could impact the stability of this key phase. Disruption of the core by the BH/NS would result in a jetted energetic explosion into the dense gaseous CBD (≲1015 cm) and its wind (≳1016 cm), consistent with the environments of luminous fast blue optical transients like AT2018cow. Evolved He cores that undergo core collapse still embedded in their CBD could generate Type Ibn/Icn supernovae. Thousands of dusty wind-shrouded massive-star CBDs may be detectable as extragalactic luminous infrared sources with the Roman Space Telescope; synchrotron radio nebulae powered by the CBD-fed BH/NS may accompany these systems.
Variability of Magnetic Hot Stars from the TESS Observations
Authors: Shen Dong-Xiang , Li Gang , Abdusamatjan Iskandar , Fu Jian-Ning , Zhu Chun-Hua , Yu Jin-Long , Zhang Yu , Lü Guo-Liang , Zhai Nan-Nan , Liu Jin-Zhong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Magnetic hot stars refer to stars that have effective temperatures approximately in the range from 7000–50,000 K, and with large-scale globally organized magnetic fields. These magnetic fields exhibit strengths ranging from tens of Gauss to tens of kilo-Gauss. They are key in understanding the effects caused by magnetic fields in the stellar evolution. However, there are only three magnetic hot stars studied via a combination of spectropolarimetric and asteroseismic modeling. Combined with Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite sectors 1–56 data sets, we provided a photometric variability and stochastic low-frequency (SLF) variability study of 118 magnetic hot stars. Nine new rotating variable stars are identified. Using the Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo framework, we fitted the morphologies of SLF variability for magnetic hot stars. Our analysis reveals that the magnetic hot stars in our sample have γ < 5.5 with the vast majority having 1 ≤ γ ≤ 3. The ν
char is primarily in the ranges of 0 day−1 < ν
char < 6.3 day−1. The amplitude of SLF variability, log α
0, shows a dominant distribution ranging from 0.8–3. No significant correlations are observed between the luminosity and fitting parameters, suggesting no clear dependence of SLF variability on stellar mass for our sample of magnetic hot stars with masses between approximately 1.5 M
⊙ < M < 20 M
⊙. We found a significant negative correlation between the B
p and ν
char. This suppression effect of magnetic fields on ν
char may be a result of their inhibition of macroturbulence.
Extreme Rarefaction of Solar Wind: A Study on Origin and Characteristics Using Ulysses Observations
Authors: Hajra Rajkumar , Tsurutani Bruce T. , Lu Quanming , Shan Lican , Du Aimin , Wang Rongsheng , Lu San , Gao Xinliang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
From the Ulysses observation of the solar wind between the heliocentric distance r

h
of ∼1.0 and ∼5.4 au during 1990–2009, we identified 53 intervals when the solar wind exhibited extreme rarefaction, ∼2 orders of magnitude decreases in the solar wind proton density N

p
from their ambient values. These extremely low-density solar wind (ELDSW) events, characterized by an average (median) N

p
of ∼0.28 ± 0.09 (∼0.30) cm−3, ram pressure of ∼0.07 ± 0.04 (∼0.07 nPa) and mass flux of ∼166 ± 84 (∼159) 10−22 kg cm−2 s−1 all normalized to 1 au, have an average (median) duration of ∼6.0 ± 3.5 days (∼5.5 days), and radial extent of ∼1.9 ± 1.1 au (∼1.9 au). A clear hemispheric asymmetry is noted in their solar/interplanetary origin, with 70% being identified in the south hemisphere, and 30% in the north hemisphere of the heliosphere. About 23% of the events were encountered between r

h
of 2.25 and 4 au, and 77% at r

h
> 4 au, indicating that these are not intrinsic properties of the Sun/solar corona but are created by the evolution of the solar wind with increasing radial distance from the Sun. The majority (49%) of the events occurred during magnetic clouds, 34% in solar wind high-speed stream (HSS) tails, 11% during the proper HSSs, and 6% during interplanetary sheaths. The identification of ELDSWs will have important consequences for their interaction with the magnetospheres of Jupiter and Saturn.
Autriche. 20 e congrès de l’ÖGB et changement climatique vers un syndicalisme de transformation sociale ?
Authors: Guillas-Cavan Kevin 
Published: September 2023

Résumé Au cours de son 20e congrès, la Confédération autrichienne des syndicats s’est emparée pour la première fois de la question du changement climatique. D’ordinaire, elle laisse de tels développements au Parti social-démocrate, mais l’affaiblissement des liens historiques entre la confédération et le parti explique ce changement majeur. La réflexion syndicale dans le domaine écologique repose sur trois piliers : une sécurisation des trajectoires professionnelles des travailleurs, la propriété publique des entreprises stratégiques et un très fort développement du logement social.
Blood-brain barrier pathology in cerebral small vessel disease
Authors: Jia Ruxue , Solé-Guardia Gemma , Kiliaan Amanda J. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease is a neurological disease that affects the brain microvasculature and which is commonly observed among the elderly. Although at first it was considered innocuous, small vessel disease is nowadays regarded as one of the major vascular causes of dementia. Radiological signs of small vessel disease include small subcortical infarcts, white matter magnetic resonance imaging hyperintensities, lacunes, enlarged perivascular spaces, cerebral microbleeds, and brain atrophy; however, great heterogeneity in clinical symptoms is observed in small vessel disease patients. The pathophysiology of these lesions has been linked to multiple processes, such as hypoperfusion, defective cerebrovascular reactivity, and blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Notably, studies on small vessel disease suggest that blood-brain barrier dysfunction is among the earliest mechanisms in small vessel disease and might contribute to the development of the hallmarks of small vessel disease. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to provide a new foundation in the study of small vessel disease pathology. First, we discuss the main structural domains and functions of the blood-brain barrier. Secondly, we review the most recent evidence on blood-brain barrier dysfunction linked to small vessel disease. Finally, we conclude with a discussion on future perspectives and propose potential treatment targets and interventions.
Florid Cemento-osseous Dysplasia Associated with Secondary Infection - A Case Report
Authors: Demyati Abrar Khalid 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Rationale:
The term cemento-osseous dysplasia (COD) refers to a bony fibro-osseous lesion, in which fibrous tissue and cementum-like tissue replace normal bone. There are three types of COD: periapical, focal and florid. The condition is usually asymptomatic and treatment is unnecessary; however, a secondary infection could occur, which requires treatment.

Patient Concern:
A 58-year-old female patient presented with symptoms in the mandibular posterior region of the right jaw for six months.

Diagnosis:
Infected florid COD (FCOD).

Treatment:
A pre-operative antibiotic, followed by extraction of non-restorable teeth, debridement of the infected tissue and necrotic bone removal.

Outcome:
The patient was followed for one year, during which all previously reported signs and symptoms were resolved.

Take-away Lessons:
Early lesion detection is essential. Treatment depends on the presence or absence of clinical and radiographic manifestations. The current case was treated surgically to minimise complications.
Glycogen synthase kinase-3β mediates toll-like receptors 4/nuclear factor kappa-B-activated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through regulation of fat mass and obesity-associated protein
Authors: Xu Kaiwei , Du Wenwen , Zhuang Xiuxiu , Liang Dongdong , Mo Yunchang , Wang Junlu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
Glycogen synthase kinase-3b (GSK3β), fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO), and toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4) take on critical significance in different biological processes, whereas their interactions remain unclear. The objective was the investigation of the interaction effect in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury.

METHODS:
The function of the cerebral cortex in the mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model (each group n = 6) and P12 cells oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model was analyzed using short hairpin GSK3β lentivirus and overexpression of FTO lentivirus (in vitro), TLR4 inhibitor (TAK242), and LiCl to regulate GSK3β, FTO, TLR4 expression, and GSK3β activity, respectively.

RESULTS:
After GSK3β knockdown in the OGD/R model of PC12 cells, the levels of TLR4 and p-p65 were lower than in the control, and the level of FTO was higher than in the control. Knockdown GSK3β reversed the OGD/R-induced nuclear factor kappa-B transfer to the intranuclear nuclei. As indicated by the result, TLR4 expression was down-regulated by overexpressed FTO, and TLR4 expression was up-regulated notably after inhibition of FTO with the use of R-2HG. After the inhibition of the activity of GSK3β in vivo, the reduction of FTO in mice suffering from MCAO was reversed.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our research shows that GSK3β/FTO/TLR4 pathway contributes to cerebral I/R injury.
Shear-wave Elastography of Palatine Tonsils: A Normative Study in Children
Authors: Aydin Sonay , Senbil Duzgun Can , Karavas Erdal , Kadirhan Ozlem , Kantarci Mecit 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Shear-wave elastography (SWE) was used to determine normal elasticity values of palatine tonsils (PTs) in children and adolescents who did not have any health problem, and the relationship between these values and various parameters influencing this result was examined.

Methods:
The current prospective study has been approved by the local Institutional Review Board. Our study included 122 people aged 2–18 years. SWE values for both PTs, as well as gender, age, and body mass index (BMI), were recorded. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to determine whether the data had a normal distribution. Numerical variables with a normal distribution are reported as mean ± standard deviation, while variables with a nonnormal distribution are reported as medians with minimum and maximum values. Numbers and percentages are used to report categorical variables.

Results:
The study group’s average age was 10.77 ± 4.35 years. The mean SWE values were 9.89 ± 2.494 kPa for the right PT and 9.57 ± 2.631 kPa for the left PT. Both PT volumes were found to be 1.6 ± 0.9 mm3. There was no significant correlation between the SWE values obtained and age, height, weight, and BMI. Tonsil dimensions show a positive correlation with age, height, weight, and BMI.

Conclusion:
PT dimensions have a positive correlation with age, height, weight, and BMI, but not with SWE values. SWE may be a reliable diagnostic criterion independent of anthropometric values.
Mono-dysplasia Score Based on Automated Cell Counter (Sysmex) – A Novel Parameter for Differentiating Reactive Monocytosis from Hematological Malignancies
Authors: Moule Priyanka , Langer Sabina , Gupta Nitin , Kotwal Jyoti 
Published: September 2023

INTRODUCTION:
In India, there is a high burden of infections such as tuberculosis, dengue, and malaria which are common causes of monocytosis. This increases the workload of smear examination by the pathologist. “Mono-dysplasia score” is obtained with a simple complete blood count on an automated cell counter and includes the parameters neutrophil (Ne) and monocyte (Mo) count and Ne-WX which is a Ne dispersion parameter. It is operator independent, objective, and does not require a high level of expertise.

AIMS:
The aims of the study were to assess the utility of Monoscore/mono-dysplasia score calculated using research parameters of Sysmex XN automated cell counter, as a screening tool for differentiating reactive monocytosis from hematological malignancies associated with monocytosis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Samples sent in EDTA vacutainer for routine hemogram fulling the criteria for monocytosis (WHO criteria – absolute monocyte count ≥1 × 109/L and accounting for ≥10% of the total white blood cell count) were included in the study. Monoscore was calculated using the formula established by Schillinger et al. Flow cytometry, bone marrow examination, etc., were done as and when needed as standard-of-care tests to establish a final diagnosis.

RESULTS:
One thousand two hundred and fifty-seven samples were analyzed out of which 41 samples were chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and 126 were other hematological malignancies (HD) including acute leukemias, myelodysplastic syndrome, myeloproliferative neoplasm, etc. Using receiver operating characteristics curves, we established the cutoff 0.212 which showed a sensitivity of 97.6% and specificity of 96.4% to differentiated reactive monocytosis form HD.

CONCLUSIONS:
A sample showing monocytosis and Monoscore <0.212 and without any other flags can be safely auto-authorized without peripheral blood smears examination, reducing the burden of slides to be reviewed.
Fatal podophyllin poisoning with multi-organ toxicity: A case report
Authors: Sarangi Bhakti U. , Jadhav Shridhar , Walimbe Ajay , Reddy Manikiran , Gawhale Siddhi , Priya R. Hema 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Accidental poisoning with household products is one of the leading causes of involuntary injuries among children in low- and middle-income countries. Podophyllin poisoning is a rare and potentially fatal occurrence. The podophyllotoxin is a lipid-soluble cytotoxic compound with no antidote and its toxicity includes life-threatening neurological and multisystem complications. We report a case of a 2-year-old girl with accidental podophyllin poisoning causing multi-organ dysfunction who did not survive despite timely aggressive support and explore the possibility of early use of activated charcoal and role of extra-corporeal therapies such as hemoperfusion as a life-saving measure in such situations.
Comparing outcomes of venovenous versus venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in neonatal and pediatric respiratory failure: A retrospective review of Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry
Authors: Furlong-Dillard Jamie M. , Feygin Yana B. , Reeder Ron W. , Wilson Johnna S. , Blauvelt David G. , Todd-Tzanetos Deanna R. , Carter Stewart R. , Alexander Peta M. A. , Bailly David K. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background:
The ideal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) modality choice (venoarterial [VA] versus venovenous [VV]) for a primary respiratory reason is complex and multifactorial. There is an increasing need to identify the ideal (VV vs. VA) support modality in this population. The objective of this study was to compare survival outcomes of subjects with respiratory failure who could have received VV or VA ECMO.

Subjects and Methods:
Children ≤20 kg requiring ECMO for respiratory indications from January 2015 to December 2019 were identified retrospectively from the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry. To identify a cohort eligible for VV, we excluded subjects receiving cardiac support therapies and included only those receiving mechanical ventilation with a positive end expiratory pressure ≥10 or high frequency oscillatory ventilation or had a PaO2/FiO2 ratio ≤200 or an oxygenation index ≥16. Subjects were grouped by initial cannulation strategy. Statistical approach utilized doubly robust propensity weighted logistic regression and primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge.

Results:
Of 1686 VV candidates, 871 underwent VV and 815 VA ECMO for a respiratory indication. VV ECMO was associated with higher survival (odds ratio: 1.57; confidence interval: 1.22–2.03, P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
VV ECMO selection for subjects with respiratory failure was associated with lower mortality in small pediatric and neonatal patients.
Using Games as an Effective Intervention for Supporting Families Living with Dementia
Authors: Liu Noreena 
Published: September 2023

This paper explores the role of games in supporting dementia family caregivers during the pre- and early stages of the disease. It provides a comprehensive review of existing studies that focus on support mechanisms for both dementia patients and their caregivers, with a specific emphasis on games designed for this purpose. This paper outlines a research study conducted in two experiments. The first experiment involved conducting separate focus groups to explore how technology can assist older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath. Group A consisted of 9 participants from the UK, while Group B comprised 8 participants from Taiwan. The aim was to gather insights and perspectives from different cultural contexts. The second experiment of the study involved testing games with dementia family caregivers to assess their effectiveness and identify areas for refinement and improvement. A total of 20 participants took part in this experiment. By conducting focus groups and game testing with participants from different regions, this research aimed to gather diverse perspectives and insights, enhancing the validity and applicability of the findings. The findings of this project extend beyond the scope of dementia care and have implications for addressing various long-term health conditions. Games platforms have the potential to serve as effective tools for supporting communities that provide care for individuals with dementia. They offer opportunities for promoting self-understanding, accessing relevant resources, and facilitating informed decision-making within the context of health journeys.