bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A surveillance study of multidrug-resistant organisms among clinically significant Gram-negative bacteria in a tertiary care teaching hospital from South India
Authors: Rangineni Jayaprada , Nukanaboina Ramakrishna , Sharma Krishna Kanchan 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Sparse published data are available from Andhra Pradesh the burden of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria in clinical specimens.

Methods:
We studied the burden of MDR Gram-negative bacteria from among various clinical specimens in our tertiary care teaching institute.

Results:
A total of 6900 isolates were obtained of which 2960 organisms were MDR. Escherichia coli were the most frequently isolated Gram-negative species (37%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (13.4%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacterspp. and Enterobacter spp. were the other commonly isolated Gram-negative organisms. High resistance rates were observed for all antimicrobials studied except for cefoperazone-sulbactam (62.6%), meropenem (70%), aminoglycosides (64%) and polymyxin B (98.6%). In spite of high resistant rates (>50%) for ciprofloxacin (80%), cephalosporins (74.4%) and cotrimoxazole (65.7%), the above-mentioned antimicrobials were clinically effective. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase production was one of the significant mechanisms of resistance in our study as β-lactam resistance was 74.4%.

Conclusions:
Our study documents a high proportion of resistant Gram-negative organism isolates. Clinicians should consider this while initiating antibiotic treatment.
Nasal carriage of antibiotic-resistant staphylococci among undergraduate medical students, with special reference to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Manyala Preethika V. V. , Chaudhury Madhulika , Anagoni Srikar , Pulicherla Balasubramanyam , Chaudhury Abhijit 
Published: April 2023

Background:

Staphylococcus aureusand other staphylococci are the commensals of the human body, the anterior nares being an important niche for colonisation. The medical students constitute an important component of the hospital population. Studies of staphylococcal carriage among the medical students are almost non-existent from India. This study was conducted with the primary aim of finding out the nasal carriage of antibiotic-resistant staphylococci among the medical students in our institution.

Methods:
A total of 162 medical students equally divided between the preclinical and clinical batches were the study participants. A nasal swab was collected from the participants and cultured. Suspected colonies were identified as S. aureus and antimicrobial susceptibility done by standard methods. The students were also asked to fill up a questionnaire to identify any risk factor associated with staphylococcal carriage.

Results:
The overall colonisation rate was 48.8% for S. aureus with 45.7% in the non-exposed pre-clinical students' group to 51.8% in the exposed clinical students' group which was not significant. The carriage rate for methicillin-resistant S. aureus was 6.3% among the S. aureus isolates. A survey of the risk factors revealed no significant association of hostel stay, family size, previous hospital admission, skin or soft-tissue infection with increased carriage rate. However, a history of previous antibiotic therapy had a significant association with nasal carriage.

Conclusions:
High rates of colonisation with S. aureus calls for further detailed multicentric studies with application of moecular methods from India.
Comparison of estimated glomerular filtration rate equations in elderly with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Deme Swaroopa , Neelam Pardhu Bharath , Killi Sateesh , Raju Sree Bhushan , Raju Y. Satyanarayana 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) a growing epidemic in India with limited studies addressing the problem of ideal equation for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) among elderly Indian patients. Currently, eGFR is calculated employing the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equations of which the combination of creatinine and cystatin-c (eGFR cr-cys) is recommended as more accurate. However, preferred equations and filtration markers in elderly individuals are debated.

Methods:
The present prospective observational study conducted from 2012 to 2014 at our tertiary care centre, aimed at identifying the best filtration marker and eGFR equation for elderly CKD patients. One hundred and seven elderly CKD patients were studied. Comparison of eGFR equations derived from modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) and CKD-EPI, based on creatinine and cystatin-c was done.

Results:
Median creatinine was 2.4, and median cystatin-c was 1.9. On comparing the correlation between all four equations by spearman correlation coefficient, difference was noted. eGFR by EPI-creatinine and cystatin-c correlated with all other three equations with correlation coefficient of 0.84 for both MDRD, EPI-creatinine and 0.82 for EPI-cystatin-c equations, respectively.

Conclusions:
Of the four equations for eGFR, EPI-cystatin-c and creatinine equation showed better correlation with all other equations, hence might be the better equation for confirmation and classification of the elderly CKD patients.
A cross-sectional audit of informed consent of online survey: Characteristics and adherence to prevalent guidelines
Authors: Mondal Himel , Mondal Shaikat , Soni Sachin 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Research on human participants requires formal approval from a competent ethics committee. During the recruitment of the research participants, obtaining informed consent is a prerequisite. The online survey method is used by many researchers as it can collect the data from a diverse population in a short time.

Aim:
This study aimed to observe the characteristics and adherence to prevalent guidelines (set by the Indian Council of Medical Research [ICMR]) of informed consent coupled with online surveys.

Methods:
We collected the informed consent text from online survey links obtained from a network of colleagues who got a request to participate in a survey. Data were collected from July 2020 to June 2022. The text was anonymized for further analysis. The word count, sentences, and Flesch reading ease score were calculated. The adherence to ICMR guidelines where checked by two authors individually and a consensus was reached to prepare the final result.

Results:
A total of 44 online surveys in English were audited and among them, 10 did not have informed consent. The informed consent in 34 surveys had a median of 6 sentences and 84 words. The median reading ease score was 45.7 (college level). The majority of the consent states the purpose of the research (91.18%), the voluntary nature of the participation (85.29%), and mentioned that it is research (64.71%). However, the rest of the components are ignored by the majority of the survey consent form.

Conclusion:
Informed consent form with online surveys lacks adherence to the components suggested by ICMR. Hence, the forms should be made carefully by the researchers so that the vigor of informed consent is maintained in the online surveys.
Site-Specific Analysis of the Incidence Rate of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Infection Elucidates an Association with Childhood Stunting, Wasting, and Being Underweight: A Secondary Analysis of the MAL-ED Birth Cohort
Authors: Haque Md Ahshanul , Nasrin Sabiha , Palit Parag , Das Rina , Wahid Barbie Zaman , Gazi Md. Amran , Mahfuz Mustafa , Golam Faruque Abu Syed , Ahmed Tahmeed 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT.
Asymptomatic infection by fecal enteropathogens is a major contributor to childhood malnutrition. Here, we investigated the incidence rate of asymptomatic infection by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and assessed its association with childhood stunting, wasting, and being underweight among children under 2 years of age. The Malnutrition and Enteric Disease birth cohort study included 1,715 children who were followed from birth to 24 months of age from eight distinct geographic locations including Bangladesh, Brazil, India, Peru, Tanzania, Pakistan, Nepal, and South Africa. The TaqMan array card assay was used to determine the presence of ETEC in the nondiarrheal stool samples collected from these children. Poisson regression was used to estimate the incidence rate, and multiple generalized estimating equations with binomial family, logit link function, and exchangeable correlation were used to analyze the association between asymptomatic ETEC infection and anthropometric indicators such as stunting, wasting, and being underweight. The site-specific incidence rates of asymptomatic ETEC infections per 100 child-months were also higher at the study locations in Tanzania (54.81 [95% CI: 52.64, 57.07]) and Bangladesh (46.75 [95% CI: 44.75, 48.83]). In the Bangladesh, India, and Tanzania sites, the composite indicator of anthropometric failure was significantly associated with asymptomatic ETEC infection. Furthermore, a significant association between asymptomatic heat-stable toxin ETEC infections and childhood stunting, wasting, and being underweight was found in only the Bangladesh and Tanzania sites.
GRANULOMA PIOGENIKUM PADA WAJAH
Authors: Christian Cindy , Salim Ruth Brigitta , Ongko Felix , Jeser Tamia Asri , Zahrani Fairin , Santoso Irene Dorthy , Sugiharto Sony 
Published: April 2023

Granuloma piogenikum (GP) atau lobular capillary hemangioma adalah lesi proliferatif jinak pada pembuluh darah kulit dan mukosa yang biasanya muncul sebagai lesi soliter, sessile, atau bertangkai dengan permukaan yang rentan terhadap perdarahan, ulserasi, serta pengerasan kulit (crusting), dimana penyakit ini dapat menimbulkan kecacatan dalam segi kosmetik. Pencetus tersering GP antara lain trauma ringan terus menerus, iritasi kronis, higienitas yang rendah, kelainan hormonal, kehamilan, infeksi, dan obat-obatan seperti retinoid sistemik maupun topikal (isotretinoin dan acitretin), antiretroviral (indinavir), antineoplastik (5-fluorouracil), dan agen imunosupresi (etanercept). Tumor ini sering timbul sebagai lesi soliter ataupun lesi multipel. Terapi GP bervariasi, mulai dari topikal menggunakan krim imiquimod maupun tindakan berupa bedah eksisi, bedah listrik (electrocauter), cryotherapy, sclerotherapy, kuret, hingga laser Nd:YAG (Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet). Pada laporan kasus ini, kami melaporkan GP yang ditemukan pada perempuan berusia 47 tahun dengan benjolan di pipi kiri sejak satu bulan lalu. Pada pemeriksaan didapatkan papul bertangkai eritematosa soliter berukuran 1 cm x 0,5 cm x 0,8 cm. Lesi dilakukan tindakan shave eksisi biopsi dan dilanjutkan pemeriksaan patologi anatomi (PA). Berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan PA menunjukkan jaringan berbentuk polipoid dilapisi epitel berlapis gepeng atrofik pada bagian atas, disertai proliferasi kapiler-kapiler darah berbentuk lobular dengan “feeding artery”.
Pengaruh Celebrity Endorser terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Produk Skincare
Authors: Ayu S. Cyntia , Samsudin Acep , Hidayat Rusdi , S.E. Christnugroho , N.A. Oktaviana , F. Fikha , Agusnia W. Tri 
Published: April 2023

Skin care products or skincare using public figures are considered to have power over the general public who see these products and can make offers so that people are interested in using them and even make a decision to buy the product being promoted. This study aims to find out how the celebrity endorser relationship influences the decision to buy skincare products. The company's strategy in taking advantage of promotions is to establish relationships with celebrity endorsers. With more and more information obtained about a product through advertisements that have been promoted by a celebrity, it will create a feeling of interest in the product because over time, as long as the product is still in the minds of consumers, the memory will still be embedded. In this study the method used is descriptive qualitative research method and includes explanatory research. The results of this study indicate that celebrity endorsers have a strong relationship because they can directly influence consumer purchasing decisions. Celebrity endorsers influence consumer purchasing decisions by increasing consumer buying interest due to public attention.
Keywords: Celebrity Endorser, Purchase Decision, Skincare
Fresh Vs Frozen Food: A Study On Consumption Patterns Of Millennials
Authors: Singh Dilraj , Bhatia Harmanpreet 
Published: April 2023

Background:Now days we get food in many forms such as fresh food, frozen foods, convenience food, packed foods etc. Frozen foods are made-up or partially made-up dishes which have been frozen to -20 degree C and which can be stored for at least 6 weeks and generally much longer in the freezer. Though fresh food is always the best option for human consumption, there must be a comparison made and reasons found for choosing frozen food over fresh in a fast-paced world. Objective: To understand the reasons behind the consumption patterns of millennial towards frozen food and to study the consumption patterns of millennial for frozen food and fresh food. Methodology: The present descriptive study was carried out in the context of millennials. The four dimensional study was carried to know the food consumption patterns such as purchasing patterns, nutritional perceptions, family acceptance and cooking preferences. The sample size of 95 millennials was collected through Google forms, analysis the data such as means; percentages and Cronbach's alpha were applied. Results: The results of the study revealed that Consumption status of frozen foods since last one year for millennials has increased by 34.7% and 62 respondents inclined for the frozen vegetables and processed vegetarian food over fresh food in same category. Conclusion: As millennials are 30-40 years old, married, and probably have children by now, this research has found that their consumption pattern has switch from fresh to frozen foods. However the motivating factors that motivates them to choose frozen food over fresh foods still includes the personal preference and convenience in cooking.
Pegcetacoplan (Empaveli)
Authors: CADTH  
Published: April 2023

CADTH recommends that Empaveli should be reimbursed by public drug plans for the treatment of adult patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) who have an inadequate response to, or are intolerant of, a C5 inhibitor if certain conditions are met.
Empaveli should only be covered to treat patients with PNH who have met existing reimbursement criteria used by public drug plans for initiating C5 inhibitor treatment (e.g., eculizumab or ravulizumab). While receiving C5 inhibitor treatment, patients should have had persistently low hemoglobin levels, likely due to red blood cell (RBC) destruction occurring outside of blood vessels (known as extravascular hemolysis [EVH]), or intolerable side effects.
Empaveli should only be reimbursed if prescribed by or in consultation with a hematologist with experience managing PNH. It should not be used with other C5 inhibitors beyond the first 4 weeks of treatment. Also, the cost of Empaveli should be reduced.
Nitrate chemistry in the northeast US – Part 1: Nitrogen isotope seasonality tracks nitrate formation chemistry
Authors: Bekker Claire , Walters Wendell W. , Murray Lee T. , Hastings Meredith G. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Despite significant precursor emission reductions in the
US over recent decades, atmospheric nitrate deposition remains an important
terrestrial stressor. Here, we utilized statistical air mass back trajectory
analysis and nitrogen stable isotope deltas (δ(15N)) to
investigate atmospheric nitrate spatiotemporal trends in the northeastern US
from samples collected at three US EPA Clean Air Status and Trends Network
(CASTNET) sites from December 2016–2018. For the considered sites, similar
seasonal patterns in nitric acid (HNO3) and particulate nitrate
(pNO3) concentrations were observed with spatial differences attributed
to nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission densities in source contributing
regions that were typically ≤ 1000 km. Significant spatiotemporal
δ(15N) variabilities in HNO3 and pNO3 were observed
with higher values during winter relative to summer, like previous reports
from CASTNET samples collected in the early 2000s for our study region. In
the early 2000s, δ(15N) of atmospheric nitrate in the northeast
US had been suggested to be driven by NOx emissions; however, we did
not find significant spatiotemporal changes in the modeled NOx
emissions by sector and fuel type or δ(15N, NOx) for the
source regions of the CASTNET sites. Instead, the seasonal and spatial
differences in the observed δ(15N) of atmospheric nitrate were
driven by nitrate formation pathways (i.e., homogeneous reactions of
NO2 oxidation via hydroxyl radical or heterogeneous reactions of
dinitrogen pentoxide on wetted aerosol surfaces) and their associated
δ(15N) fractionation. Under the field conditions of low
NOx relative to O3 concentrations and when δ(15N,
NOx) emission sources do not have significant variability, we
demonstrate that δ(15N) of atmospheric nitrate can be a robust
tracer for diagnosing nitrate formation.
Nitrate chemistry in the northeast US – Part 2: Oxygen isotopes reveal differences in particulate and gas-phase formation
Authors: Kim Heejeong , Walters Wendell W. , Bekker Claire , Murray Lee T. , Hastings Meredith G. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract. The northeastern US represents a mostly urban corridor
impacted by high population and fossil fuel combustion emission density.
This has led to historically degraded air quality and acid rain that has
been a focus of regulatory-driven emissions reductions. Detailing the
chemistry of atmospheric nitrate formation is critical for improving the
model representation of atmospheric chemistry and air quality. The oxygen
isotopic compositions of atmospheric nitrate are useful indicators in
tracking nitrate formation pathways. Here, we measured oxygen isotope deltas
(Δ(17O) and δ(18O)) for nitric acid (HNO3)
and particulate nitrate (pNO3) from three US EPA Clean Air
Status and Trends Network (CASTNET) sites in the northeastern US from
December 2016 to 2018. The Δ(17O, HNO3) and δ(18O, HNO3) values ranged from 12.9 ‰ to 30.9 ‰ and from 46.9 ‰ to 82.1 ‰, and the Δ(17O, pNO3) and δ(18O, pNO3) ranged from 16.6 ‰ to 33.7 ‰ and from 43.6 ‰ to 85.3 ‰, respectively. There was distinct seasonality of
δ(18O) and Δ(17O), with higher values observed
during winter compared to during summer, suggesting a shift in O3 to HOx
radical chemistry, as expected. Unexpectedly, there was a statistical
difference in Δ(17O) between HNO3 and pNO3, with
higher values observed for pNO3 (27.1 ± 3.8) ‰
relative to HNO3 (22.7 ± 3.6) ‰, and
significant differences in the relationship between δ(18O) and
Δ(17O). This difference suggests atmospheric nitrate
phase-dependent oxidation chemistry that is not predicted in models. Based
on the output from GEOS-Chem and both the δ(18O) and Δ(17O) observations, we quantify the production pathways of atmospheric
nitrate. The model significantly overestimated the heterogeneous
N2O5 hydrolysis production for both HNO3 and pNO3, a
finding consistent with observed seasonal changes in δ(18O) and
Δ(17O) of HNO3 and pNO3, though large uncertainties
remain in the quantitative transfer of δ(18O) from major
atmospheric oxidants. This comparison provides important insight into the
role of oxidation chemistry in reconciling a commonly observed positive bias
for modeled atmospheric nitrate concentrations in the northeastern US.
Measurement Error Proxy System Models: MEPSM v0.2
Authors: Fischer Matt J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Proxy system models (PSMs) are an essential component of paleoclimate data assimilation and for testing climate field reconstruction methods. Generally, current statistical PSMs consider the noise in the output (proxy) variable only, and ignore the noise in the input (environmental) variables. This problem is exacerbated when there are several input variables. Here we develop a new PSM, the Measurement Error Proxy System Model (MEPSM), which includes noise in all variables, including noise auto- and cross-correlation. The MEPSM is calibrated using a quasi-Bayesian solution, which leverages Gaussian conjugacy to produce a fast solution. Another advantage of MEPSM is that the prior can be used to stabilize the solution between an informative prior (e.g. with a non-zero mean) and the maximum likelihood solution. MEPSM is illustrated by calibrating a proxy model for δ18Ocoral with multiple inputs (marine temperature and salinity), including noise in all variables. MEPSM is applicable to many different climate proxies, and will improve our understanding of the effects of predictor noise on PSMs, data assimilation, and climate reconstruction.
High mid-Holocene accumulation rates over West Antarctica inferred from a pervasive ice-penetrating radar reflector
Authors: Bodart Julien A. , Bingham Robert G. , Young Duncan A. , MacGregor Joseph A. , Ashmore David W. , Quartini Enrica , Hein Andrew S. , Vaughan David G. , Blankenship Donald D. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Understanding the past and future evolution of the Antarctic Ice Sheet is
challenged by the availability and quality of observed paleo-boundary
conditions. Numerical ice-sheet models often rely on these paleo-boundary
conditions to guide and evaluate their models' predictions of sea-level
rise, with varying levels of confidence due to the sparsity of existing data
across the ice sheet. A key data source for large-scale reconstruction of
past ice-sheet processes are internal reflecting horizons (IRHs) detected by
radio-echo sounding (RES). When IRHs are isochronal and dated at ice cores,
they can be used to determine paleo-accumulation rates and patterns on
large spatial scales. Using a spatially extensive IRH over the Pine Island
Glacier (PIG), Thwaites Glacier (THW), and the Institute and Möller ice streams (IMIS, covering a total of 610 000 km2 or 30 % of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS)), and a local layer approximation model, we infer mid-Holocene accumulation rates over the
slow-flowing parts of these catchments for the past ∼4700 years. By comparing our results with modern climate reanalysis models (1979–2019) and observational syntheses (1651–2010), we estimate that
accumulation rates over the Amundsen–Weddell–Ross Divide were on average
18 % higher during the mid-Holocene than modern rates. However, no
significant spatial changes in the accumulation pattern were observed. The
higher mid-Holocene accumulation-rate estimates match previous
paleo-accumulation estimates from ice-core records and targeted RES surveys
over the ice divide, and they also coincide with periods of grounding-line
readvance during the Holocene over the Weddell and Ross sea sectors. We find
that our spatially extensive, mid-Holocene-to-present accumulation estimates
are consistent with a sustained late-Holocene period of higher accumulation
rates occurring over millennia reconstructed from the WAIS Divide ice core (WD14),
thus indicating that this ice core is spatially representative of the wider
West Antarctic region. We conclude that future regional and continental
ice-sheet modelling studies should base their climatic forcings on
time-varying accumulation rates from the WAIS Divide ice core through the
Holocene to generate more realistic predictions of the West Antarctic Ice
Sheet's past contribution to sea-level rise.