bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to quantify between-study heterogeneity in single-group evidence synthesis? - It depends!
Authors: Iaquinto Stefania , Feldmann Maria , Latal Bea , Held Ulrike 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Random-effects meta-analysis models account for between-study heterogeneity by estimating and incorporating the heterogeneity variance parameter tau2. Numerous estimators for tau2 have been proposed, but no widely accepted guidance exists on when to best use which meta-analysis method. Especially in the context of observational studies, systematic evaluations and comparisons of the various meta-analysis methods are lacking. Since between-study heterogeneity is of crucial importance, particularly in meta-analysis of observational studies, where control groups typically do not exist, considerable attention should be paid to its estimation. This study aims to investigate the advantages of different meta-analysis methods for typical situations through comprehensive simulations in a neutral comparison study and with an empirical application.
Methods: We compared seven methods for random-effects meta-analysis. The methods were selected with a focus on methodological diversity and availability and were evaluated both empirically and in a simulation study. We simulated typical meta-analysis scenarios for continuous and binary outcomes in a single-group meta-analysis setting.
Results: Specific study characteristics, such as the number of studies included in a meta-analysis, the amount of heterogeneity in the data and binary outcome data with rare events, strongly affected the performance of the heterogeneity variance estimator. Moreover, we discovered that most heterogeneity variance estimators produce zero heterogeneity estimates under all simulated conditions, even though heterogeneity was present. The estimated overall effect was found to be relatively robust regarding different methods in the empirical application and in our simulation study.
Conclusions: Although different meta-analysis methods produce substantially different heterogeneity variance estimates, too little attention is paid to selecting a suitable meta-analysis method in research applications. Based on our literature review, we conclude that the awareness about different heterogeneity variance estimators and their properties needs to be strengthened in practice. Our simulation study showed that all evaluated heterogeneity estimators were imprecise and often failed to estimate the true amount of heterogeneity. The estimation is particularly imprecise in situations where the meta-analysis contained few studies or when the binary outcomes included rare events. As it is rarely appropriate to rely on a single heterogeneity variance estimator, therefore we suggest careful consideration and evaluation of a wider range of plausible estimators in a sensitivity analysis before drawing a final conclusion about the meta-analysis results.
Investigating the shared genetic architecture between schizophrenia and obesity
Authors: Lu Yingli , Yu Yuefeng , Fu Yanqi , Yu Yuetian , Tang Mengjun , Sun Ying , Wang Yuying , Zhang Kun , Li Huixia , Guo Hui , Wang Bin , Wang Ningjian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEvidence for reciprocal comorbidity of schizophrenia (SCZ) and obesity (OB) has grown in recent years. However, little is known regarding the shared genetic architecture or causality underlying the phenotypic association between SCZ and OB. Leveraging summary statistics from the hitherto largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) on each trait, we investigated the genetic overlap and causal associations of SCZ with OB. Our study demonstrated a genetic correlation between SCZ and OB, and the correlation was more evident in local genomic regions. The cross-trait meta-analysis identified 27 significant SNPs shared between SCZ and OB, most of which had the same direction of influence on both diseases. Mendelian randomization analysis showed a causal association of SCZ with OB, but not vice versa. Combining the gene expression information, we found that the genetic correlation between SCZ and OB is enriched in six regions of brain, led by the brain frontal cortex, and within these regions 34 functional genes were found to have an impact on both SCZ and OB. Taken together, our comprehensive genome-wide cross-trait analysis suggests a shared genetic basis including pleiotropic loci, tissue enrichment, and shared function genes between SCZ and OB. This work provides novel insights into the intrinsic genetic overlap of SCZ and OB, and highlights new opportunities and avenues for future investigation.
Exploring the pathogenesis of diabetic encephalopathy based on the ceRNA regulatory network of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA
Authors: Fu Chuanjun , dong Shuai , Tao Jiasheng , Liu Lini , Li Xian-hui 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic systemic metabolic disease. Diabetic encephalopathy is one of many complications. Its pathogenesis is related to abnormal transcriptional regulation. Competitive endogenous RNA regulatory networks are of great significance in diabetic complications. However, comprehensive However, few studies have been reported to analyze the ceRNA network of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA on the pathogenesis of diabetic encephalopathy.Firstly, GK rats and Wistar rats were screened by behavior, electrophysiology and morphology to confirm the occurrence of diabetic encephalopathy, and then high-throughput sequencing of hippocampus was performed to construct gene expression matrix, and compared with diabetic patients and normal rats obtained from GEO database The human pancreatic islet tissue gene expression matrix was differentially analyzed to construct an interactive regulatory network. Finally, the expression of lncRNA-NONRATT007456.2, lncRNA-NONRATT020546.2, miR-5132-5p and MRC1 in the network was verified by real-time quantitative PCR. Western Blot further confirmed MRC1 protein expression.The results of novel object recognition behavioral experiments, electrophysiological experiments and Golgi staining showed that the diabetic encephalopathy model based on GK-/- diabetic rats was successful. Differential analysis of pancreatic islet tissue of people with diabetes mellitus, obtained the intersection of the two, obtained 20 mRNAs and 188 lncRNAs that were significantly differentially expressed, and constructed a regulatory network consisting of 327 nodes and 488 relational pairs, which are located in the core nodes of the regulatory network. Further analysis of one of the mannose receptor C1 (MRC1) revealed that NONRATT007456.2 and NONRATT020546.2 target the regulation of MRC1 expression by competitively binding to miR-5132-5p.lncRNA-NONRATT007456.2,lncRNA-NONRATT020546.2 can target MRC1 by competitively binding to miR-5132-5p and participate in the regulation of DE, which provides a new idea for the search for new clinical diagnosis and treatment biomarkers for DE.
Association of cutaneous melanoma with subsequent non-cutaneous malignancies - Who is at the Greatest Risk?
Authors: Zhou Qian , Meng Yu , Zeng Furong , Sun Huiyan , Deng Guangtong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
The risks of non-cutaneous malignancies following melanoma remain unclear. Our study aimed to investigate site-specific risks of subsequent non-cutaneous malignancies in melanoma survivors.
Methods
PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for articles reported on risks of subsequent non-cutaneous malignancies in melanoma survivors. Pooled proportions and standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were measured using both fix- and random-effects models.
Results
A total of 26 studies were eventually included. Pooled data demonstrated that Prostate cancer (21.58‰) and breast cancer (18.98‰) were the most common second non-cutaneous malignancies after a primary melanoma, followed by colorectal cancer (7.78‰), lung cancer (5.95‰) and colon cancer (5.72‰). Moreover, the pooled SIRs were 1.23 (95% CI, 1.13–1.34) for prostate cancer, 1.16 (95% CI, 1.07–1.26) for breast cancer, 1.82 (95% CI, 1.60–2.07) for thyroid gland cancer, 1.67 (95% CI, 1.28–2.18) for lymphoid leukaemia, and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.79–0.95) for lung cancer. These findings were consistent after trim-and-fill analyses and restricting analyses to studies with two months lag periods.
Conclusions
Melanoma survivors are at increased risk for prostate cancer, breast cancer, thyroid gland cancer and lymphoid leukaemia, and at decreased risk for lung cancer. Our findings will provide the reference for patients counseling, second prevention and guidelines-making.
Accuracy of quantitative analysis of eDNA in seawater: comparison of filter pore size and real-time PCR methods
Authors: Yun Kun-woo , Son Hwa-seong , Seong Min-jun , Kim Mu-chan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
A comparative analysis of environmental DNA (eDNA) quantification methods requires the specific detection of a single species and the eDNA yield from the filter must be high. Studies have collected eDNA using a relatively small (> 1.0 µm) filter, which compromises eDNA accuracy due to clogging of the filter in a large space, such as the ocean or water with high turbidity. Therefore, here we established an eDNA sampling method using a large-pore filter to minimize clogging.
Methods and Results
SYBR Green qPCR has been used to analyze Pseudo-nitzschia spp. However, we observed that there may be an overestimation due to a false-positive signal. Thus, a new specific TaqMan primer–probe set was developed and used in this study. The morphological detection method under conventional microscopy and the two eDNA qPCR methods (TaqMan, SYBR Green) were then compared to determine the correlation between cell abundance and Ct values. We observed that the eDNA yield was higher as the pore size increased, and the correlation between the abundance of morphologically identified Pseudo-nitzschia spp. Compared with the SYBR Green qPCR data, the TaqMan qPCR Ct values were more specifically correlated with the Pseudo-nitzschia spp. cell abundance determined by the conventional method.
Conclusion
These results suggest that treatment with large amounts of seawater using large hole filters can yield high DNA yields, and existing morphological identification and eDNA method relative comparisons have access to quantitative evaluation.
Optimized Wake-Superposition Approach for Multiturbine Wind Farms
Authors: Li Deshun , Chang Jixiang , Ma Gaosheng , Huo Chunyu , Li Rennian 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Optimizing the wind farm layout requires accurately quantifying the wind-turbine wake distribution to minimize interference between wakes. Thus, the accuracy of wind turbine wake superposition models is critical. The sum of squares (SS) model is currently touted as the most accurate, but its application in engineering is hampered by its overestimation of the velocity deficit of the mixed wake. Therefore, previous work relied on approximate power calculations for performing optimization. The physical meaning of the SS model is unclear, which makes optimization difficult. In this study, a univariate linear correction idea is proposed based on the linear increase phenomenon of the SS method error. The unknown coefficients are obtained by fitting experimental data. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can accurately quantify the full-wake two-dimensional distribution of the mixed wake.
Qβ, Qc, Qi and Qs of the Gargano Promontory (Southern Italy)
Authors: Lucente Salvatore , Ninivaggi Teresa , Lorenzo Salvatore , Pezzo Edorado Del , Filippucci Marilena , Prosser Giacomo , Tallarico Andrea 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

We have provided the first estimate of scattering and intrinsic attenuation for the Gargano Promontory (Southern Italy) analyzing 190 local earthquakes with ML ranging from 1.0 to 2.8. To separate the intrinsic \({Q}_{i}\) and scattering \({Q}_{s}\) quality factors with the Wennerberg approach (1993), we have measured the direct S waves and coda quality factors (\({Q}_{\beta }\), \({Q}_{c}\)) in the same volume of crust. \({Q}_{\beta }\) parameter is derived with the coda normalization method (Aki, 1980) and \({Q}_{c}\) factor is derived with the coda envelope decay method (Sato, 1977). We selected the coda envelope by performing an automatic picking procedure from \({T}_{start}=1.5{T}_{S}\) up to 30 s after origin time (lapse time \({T}_{L}\)). All the obtained quality factors clearly increase with frequency. The \({Q}_{c}\) values correspond to those recently obtained for the area. The estimated \({Q}_{i}\) are comparable to the \({Q}_{c}\) at all frequencies and range between 100 and 1000. The \({Q}_{s}\) parameter shows higher values than \({Q}_{i}\), except for 8 Hz, where the two estimates are closer. This implies a predominance of intrinsic attenuation over the scattering attenuation. Furthermore, the similarity between \({Q}_{i}\) and \({Q}_{c}\) allows us to interpret the high \({Q}_{c}\) anomaly previously found in the northern Gargano Promontory up to a depth of 24 km, as a volume of crust characterized by very low seismic dumping produced by conversion of seismic energy into heat. Moreover, most of the earthquake foci fall in high \({Q}_{i}\) areas, indicating lower level of anelastic dumping and a brittle behavior of rocks.
Deep learning-aided redesign of a hydrolase for near 100% PET depolymerization under industrially relevant conditions
Authors: Wu Bian , Cui Yinglu , Chen Yanchun , Sun Jinyuan , Zhu Tong , Pang Hua , Li Chunli , Geng Wenchao 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Biotechnological plastic depolymerization and recycling have emerged as suitable options for addressing the plastic-waste pollution crisis in a circular plastic economy. Enzymatic degradation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), as the most typical representative, has evolved over the past two decades, with a major breakthrough achieved by using the LCC variant that permitted 90% conversion of PET on an industrial scale. Despite the achievements, the last 10% residual PET becomes nonbiodegradable due to physical aging, which has hampered its application in real industrial scenarios. In the present study, we addressed current challenges by employing a computational strategy that incorporates a protein language model and force-field-based algorithms to engineer a hydrolase from the bacterium HR29. The redesigned variant, TurboPETase, outperformed all the PET hydrolases reported thus far with regard to industrial application, enabling nearly 100% depolymerization of untreated PET containers, pretreated postconsumer PET bottles and their lower-grade products. The full degradation of pretreated PET at high industrially relevant scales (up to 300 g L-1) can be accomplished in as little as 10 h, with a maximum production rate of 77.3 gTPAeq L 1 h-1, demonstrating great potential for enzymatic PET recycling. Kinetic parameters derived from the inverse Michaelis‒Menten model and structural analysis suggest that the improved depolymerization performance may be attributed to a more flexible PET-binding groove that facilitates the targeting of more specific attack sites. Collectively, our results constitute a significant advance in the understanding and engineering of effective industrially applicable polyester hydrolases and provide guidance for further efforts on other mass-produced polymer types in this intriguing research field.
Experimental evaluation of flow friction resistance of CO2 foam fracturing fluid and numerical simulation of fracture extension
Authors: Wang Mingwei , Wu Wen , Chen Shuyang , Li Song , Li Tao , Ni Gensheng , Fu Yu , Zhou Wen 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The main area of shale gas exploratory development is in the Sichuan basin. It requires a huge water source for shale gas hydraulic fracturing, but the well sites are mainly located in the hills, which limits the industrialization of shale gas development. The CO2 foaming fluid can meet the requirements of the fracturing fluid in fracking and relieve pressure on water resources. The friction calculation of the CO2 foaming hydro-fracturing fluid in the conduit flow is key to the reliability of the overall fracture engineering, which affects the formation stimulation effect. The friction properties of CO₂ foaming hydro-fracturing fluids were investigated by conducting flow experiments in HTHP conditions, and the influence of pressure, temperature, foam mass, and flow rate on the friction properties was obtained. Mathematical models of frictional drag coefficients have been developed to predict the frictional force of CO2 foaming gel hydro-fracturing fluids in turbulent flows, which can be useful in evaluating the rating of CO2 foaming hydro-fracturing designs at well sites.
Anticancer genes (NOXA, PAR-4, TRAIL) are de-regulated in breast cancer patients and can be targeted by using a ribosomal inactivating plant protein (riproximin)
Authors: Pervaiz Asim , Naseem Nadia , Saleem Talha , Raza Syed Mohsin , Shaukat Iqra , Kanwal Kinzah , Sajjad Osheen , Iqbal Sana , Shams Faiza , Ijaz Bushra , Berger Martin R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Anticancer genes are endogenous enemies of transformed cells and impose antineoplastic effects upon ectopic expression. Identifying the expression profile of these genes is a prerequisite to explore their prognostic and therapeutic relevance in cancers. In parallel, natural compounds can be explored for their ability to upregulate anticancer genes in malignant cells for therapeutic purposes. In this study, we identified the expression levels of anticancer genes in breast cancer clinical isolates. In addition, the potential of a purified and sequenced plant protein (riproximin) to induce anticancer genes in breast cancer cells was evaluated.
Methodology:Expression profiles of three anticancer genes (NOXA, PAR-4, TRAIL) were identified by immunohistochemistry in 45 breast cancer clinical isolates. Effects of riproximin exposure on expression of the anticancer genes were explored via microarray, real-time PCR and western blot methodologies. Lastly, the bioinformatic approach was adopted to highlight the molecular/functional significance of the anticancer genes.
Results:NOXA expression was evenly de-regulated among the clinical isolates, while PAR-4 was significantly down-regulated in majority of the breast cancer tissues. In contrast, a higher TRAIL expression was observed in most of the clinical samples. Expression levels of the anticancer genes were following a distinct trend in accordance with the disease severity. Riproximin showed a substantial potential of inducing the anticancer genes in breast cancer cells at transcriptomic and protein levels. The bioinformatic approach revealed involvement of anticancer genes in multiple cellular functions and signaling cascades.
Conclusion:Anticancer genes were de-regulated and showed discrete expression patterns in breast cancer patient samples. Riproximin effectively induced the expression of selected anticancer genes in breast cancer cells.
Perspective of Healthcare Providers on Assessing The Quality And Accessibility of Health Services for Chronic Diseases in Jordan During Covid-19: A Mixed Method Study
Authors: Albataineh Raya , Al-Hammouri Mohammed , Al-Jaraideh Wafa’a 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Hospital services in all parts of the world were severely affected by the crisis caused by the Coronavirus pandemic. This was particularly concerning for patients who suffer from chronic diseases. Aim: This study aims to assess the quality and accessibility of chronic disease services, it examines the association of socio-demographic factors with the quality and accessibility of chronic disease services, and it explores the barriers and facilitators of quality and accessibility to chronic disease health services during the COVID -19 pandemic, from the perspectives of healthcare providers.
Method: Design: A mixed method design was used in this study. In the quantitative part of the study, a questionnaire was used. The qualitative part of the study was conducted by using a focus group discussion approach. Sample: Data were collected from healthcare providers. Setting: The institutions involved were Public ,private and teaching hospitals .Analysis: The collected data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics Version 25. The interview responses were analyzed using the thematic analysis approach.
Results: This study found that the quality and accessibility of chronic disease services in northern Jordan were affected during COVID-19. Quantitative: Most of the participants reported barriers to access and a moderate level of quality during COVID-19. Qualitative: Four main themes were identified in relation to the barriers and facilitators of both quality and accessibility of chronic disease health services during COVID-19.
Conclusion: The quality and accessibility of chronic disease services were affected during COVID -19. In addition, sociodemographic factors helped to predict the quality and accessibility of chronic disease services during COVID-19, from healthcare providers perspectives. The findings of this study provide healthcare policymakers with information and evidence that is crucial in guiding them to make informed decisions and develop more appropriate interventions to help patients recover from the long-term impact of COVID-19.
Preterm Clinical Comorbidity Index: A Novel Scoring System and Modeling for Predicting Length of Stay among Preterm Infants during Birth Hospitalization
Authors: Dankhara Nilesh , Thekkeveedu Renjithkumar Kalikkot , Desai Chintan , Desai Jagdish 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: A scoring system that accounts for comorbidities will provide a novel model to predict the length of stay for preterm infant.
Objective: To develop a novel scoring system to predict the length of stay in neonatal intensive care units for all admissions of preterm babies based on their comorbidity developed during the stay.
Methods: A total of 25 comorbidities were identified. The Cox regression model was used to develop a standardized Preterm Clinical Comorbidity Index (PCCI) score for each comorbidity. The final length of the stay prediction model was developed using PCCI scores by gestational age.
Results: Assigned comorbidity scores for each co-morbidity ranged from -1 to 6. Least square regression using index score to predict LOS had nearly comparable R2 in the main sample (0.76) and in a random sample (0.79).
Conclusion: This novel scoring system can be used in the counseling of parents, evaluating healthcare policies, and insurance billing.
Numerical study on fatigue crack behavior in abrasive waterjet peening
Authors: Lv Zhe , Hou Rongguo , Cui Huanyong , Zhang Miaomiao , Yun Hao 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Abrasive waterjet peening is a preferable alternative to traditional shot peening which can be used for surface strengthening of structural components. The fatigue crack behavior of 2024 aluminum alloy specimen treated by abrasive waterjet peening was investigated in this paper. The jet flow field was analyzed firstly by adopting CFD. The peening process was then modeled to calculate the residual stress distribution on the target surface, and the results were verified by experiments. The numerical model for the fatigue test was then established for evaluating the crack growth characteristics in the specimen with residual compression induced by the peening. The results indicated that the effective stress intensity factor range and the crack propagation rate are reduced due to the peening induced residual stress. The crack closure coefficient decreases with an increase of the shot peening intensity, while increases with an increase of the stress ratio.