bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abdominally based free flap breast reconstruction in the severely obese population: Is it safe?
Authors: Mather Tara L. , Tobin Chase , Tillman Rachel , Doren Erin , LoGiudice John , Adamson Karri 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionClass 3 (severe) obesity is defined as a body mass index (BMI) greater than 40 kg/m2. Obesity is common and an independent risk factor for breast cancer. The plastic surgeon will be tasked with providing reconstruction for obese patients after mastectomy. This presents a surgical dilemma because patients with elevated BMI are known to have greater rates of morbidity when undergoing free flap reconstruction, however free flap reconstruction is associated with greater functional and aesthetic outcomes. This study quantifies complication rates in a cohort of patients with class 3 obesity that underwent abdominally based free flap breast reconstruction. This study may be able answer whether this surgery is feasible or safe.MethodsPatients with a class 3 obesity who underwent abdominally‐based free flap breast reconstruction between January 1, 2011 and February 28, 2020 at the authors' institution were identified. A retrospective chart review was performed to record patient demographics and peri‐operative data.ResultsTwenty‐six patients met inclusion criteria. Eighty percent of patients had at least one minor complication including infection (42%), fat necrosis (31%), seroma (15%), abdominal bulge (8%), and hernia (8%). Thirty‐eight percent of patients had at least one major complication (requiring readmission (23%) and/or a return to the operating room (38%)). No flaps failed.ConclusionAbdominally based free flap breast reconstruction in patients with class 3 obesity is associated with great morbidity, however, no patients experienced flap loss or failure which may imply that this population can safely undergo surgery so long as the surgeon is prepared for complications and takes steps to mitigate risk.
Proposal of a nutrition screening algorithm for patients with incurable cancer receiving palliative care: Data from a prospective cohort
Authors: Rosa Karla Santos da Costa , Wiegert Emanuelly Varea Maria , Oliveira Livia Costa de 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo propose and evaluate the clinical utility of a new nutrition screening algorithm, NutriPal, to detect the degree of nutritional risk in patients with incurable cancer receiving palliative care.MethodsIt is a prospective cohort conducted in an oncology palliative care unit. The NutriPal algorithm was used in a three‐step process: (i) administration of the Patient‐Generated Subjective Global Assessment short form; (ii) calculation of the Glasgow Prognostic Score; and (iii) application of the algorithm to classify patients into four degrees of nutritional risk. The higher the degrees of NutriPal, the worse the nutritional risk, comparing nutritional measures, laboratory data, and overall survival (OS).ResultsThe study included 451 patients that were classified using the NutriPal. They were allocated to the degrees: 1 (31.26%), 2 (27.49%), 3 (21.73%), and 4 (19.71%). Statistically significant differences were found in most of the nutritional and laboratory parameters and in OS with each increment in the NutriPal degrees, and OS was reduced (log‐rank <0.001). In addition, NutriPal was able to predict a 120‐day mortality: there was a significantly higher risk of death in the patients classified as degrees 4 (hazard ratio [HR], 3.03; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.18–4.19), 3 (HR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.46–2.78), and 2 (HR, 1.42; 95% CI; 1.04–1.95) than in those classified as degree 1. It also showed good predictive accuracy (concordance statistic, 0.76).ConclusionThe NutriPal is associated to nutritional and laboratory parameters and can predict survival. It could therefore be incorporated into clinical practice for patients with incurable cancer receiving palliative care.
Peptide‐based formula: Clinical applications and benefits
Authors: Mohamed Elfadil Osman , Shah Raj N. , Hurt Ryan T. , Mundi Manpreet S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe use of enteral nutrition (EN) continues to increase given benefits. However, with this increase in use, it is also becoming evident that enteral feeding intolerance (EFI) is also quite prevalent, leading to the inability to meet nutrition needs in many patients. Given the wide variability in the EN population as well as the number of formulas available, there is not a clear consensus regarding the best approach to EFI management. One approach that is emerging to improve EN tolerance is the use of peptide‐based formulas (PBFs). PBFs refer to enteral formulas containing proteins that have been enzymatically hydrolyzed to dipeptides and tripeptides. These hydrolyzed proteins are often combined with higher medium‐chain triglyceride content to generate an enteral formula that is essentially easier to absorb and utilize. Emerging data demonstrate that the use of PBF in patients with EFI may improve clinical outcomes along with a corresponding reduction in healthcare utilization and potentially the cost of care. This review aims to navigate through key clinical applications and benefits of PBF and to discuss relevant data shared in the literature.
Ginger polysaccharide promotes myeloid‐derived suppressor cell apoptosis by regulating lipid metabolism
Authors: Song Chenyuan , Ji Yufei , Wang Wenzhi , Tao Ning 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRecently, targeting myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) which mainly play an immunosuppressive role in tumor microenvironment has become a hot spot in tumor immunotherapy. This study focuses on biological effect of ginger polysaccharide extracted from natural plants on promoting apoptosis of MDSCs by regulating lipid metabolism. An MTT assay was used to detect the inhibitory effect of ginger polysaccharide on the growth of an MDSC‐like cell line (MSC‐2). The apoptosis‐promoting effect of ginger polysaccharide on MSC‐2 cells was detected by flow cytometry. Expression levels of apoptosis proteins (caspase 9 and Bcl‐2) and lipid metabolism enzymes (fatty acid synthase (FASN) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2) in MSC‐2 cells treated with different concentrations of ginger polysaccharide were detected by western blot assay. Nile red staining was used to quantitatively detect the effect of ginger polysaccharide on lipid droplet synthesis. Ginger polysaccharide inhibited proliferation of MSC‐2 cells and promoted their apoptosis by upregulating pro‐apoptotic caspase 9 protein, downregulating anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 protein, inhibiting expression of FASN and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (key enzymes in fatty acid synthesis and lipid droplet formation, respectively). Ginger polysaccharide promoted apoptosis of MDSCs by regulating key lipid metabolism enzymes, inhibiting fatty acid synthesis and lipid droplet accumulation, and reducing the energy supply of cells.
Excessive iodine status among school‐aged children in the State of Qatar: Results of the National Iodine Deficiency Disorder Survey
Authors: Al‐Thani Mohamed Hamad J. T. , Alyafei Salah Abdulla Sh. A. , Al‐Motawaa Kholoud Ateeq K. M. , Khalifa Shamseldin Ali , Shah Syed Hassan Bin Usman , Vinodson Benjamin , Kokku Sureshbabu , Mishra Amit 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundIodine deficiency poses a significant public health challenge worldwide, particularly in preschool children and pregnant women. Assessing the iodine intake at a population level is essential, as both deficient and excessive iodine status can have adverse health consequences. The main objective of this survey is to understand the iodine deficiency status in schoolchildren aged 6–12 years in the State of Qatar.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted from March to June 2014 among school‐aged children using a two‐stage cluster sampling technique. Anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and dietary parameters for seafood were collected. Spot urine samples were collected from 967 participants, and a repeat random subsample urine was collected from 288 participants. Overall median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was calculated. Iodine content in household salt samples was estimated by qualitative and quantitative methods. Mann–Whitney U test was used for comparison.ResultsThe median UIC was 333.2 μg/L (IQR = 228.6). UIC prevalence rates between 300–999 and >1000 μg/L were 56.7% and 2.8%, respectively. The goiter prevalence was 0.4%. A significant difference was noted in overall median UIC levels between boys and girls (p = 0.003). Adequate iodized salt consumption was reported by 74.9% of households, and weekly seafood consumption was reported by one third of the respondents.ConclusionThe results indicate an excess intake of iodine among the studied population in the State of Qatar, and national efforts are needed to bring iodine intake and concentration levels within the cutoff value for the concerned survey population's age group. In addition, a surveillance system needs to be set up for continuous monitoring of iodine content and salt intake at the population level in the State of Qatar.
Optimal design of reliability acceptance sampling plan based on constant‐stress accelerated life testing considering the uncertainty of accelerated factor
Authors: Lou Yifan , Zheng Huiling , Yang Jun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWith the increasing marketplace demand for decreasing test time and cost, constant‐stress accelerated life testing (CSALT) is widely used for reliability demonstration in practice. The existing accelerated acceptance sampling plans (AASPs) do not consider the uncertainty of accelerated factor (AF), which makes it difficult to accurately describe the producer's and consumer's risks. Previous AASP studies on CSALT were mainly carried out under a fixed accelerated stress level, and the influence of accelerated stress level is not concerned. Therefore, considering the uncertainty of AF and taking the lognormal distribution as an example, the AASP design method with time‐censoring is proposed, where the life‐stress relationship between the location parameter and stress level is expressed by an inverse power law model. First, considering the uncertainty of AF expressed by a distribution, the acceptance probability can be obtained by the mathematic expectation of conditional acceptance probability, and the producer's and consumer's risks can be accurately expressed. Then, to reduce the total cost furtherly, the accelerated stress level is considered as a new decision variable, the optimum AASP including the sampling plan and the decision‐making criterion can be designed by minimizing the total cost and solving the risk constraint equations of both sides. A real case study of white organic light‐emitting diodes is carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A venipuncture robot with decoupled position and attitude guided by near‐infrared vision and force feedback
Authors: He Tianbao , Guo Chuangqiang , Liu Hansong , Jiang Li 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to develop a venipuncture robot to replace manual venipuncture to ease the heavy workload, lower the risk of 2019‐nCoV infection, and boost venipuncture success rates.MethodThe robot is designed with decoupled position and attitude. It consists of a 3‐degree‐of‐freedom positioning manipulator to locate the needle and a 3‐degree‐of‐freedom end‐effector that is always vertical to adjust the yaw and pitch angles of the needle. The near‐infrared vision and laser sensors obtain the three‐dimensional information of puncture positions, while the change in force detects the state feedback of punctures.ResultsThe experimental results demonstrate that the venipuncture robot has a compact design, flexible motion, high positioning accuracy and repeatability (0.11 and 0.04 mm), and a high success rate when puncturing the phantom.ConclusionThis paper presents a decoupled position and attitude venipuncture robot guided by near‐infrared vision and force feedback to replace manual venipuncture. The robot is compact, dexterous, and accurate, which helps to improve the success rate of venipuncture, and it is expected to achieve fully automatic venipuncture in the future.
t‐BuONa‐Mediated Redox Condensation between o‐Nitroanilines and Benzyl Alcohols towards 2‐Phenyl Benzimidazoles under Transition‐Metal‐Free Conditions
Authors: Le Huy X. , Nguyen Khoa D. , Phan Nam T. S. , Le Ha V. , Nguyen Tung T. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA novel and environmentally benign method was developed for the direct synthesis of 2‐substituted benzimidazoles via a transition metal‐free redox tandem annulation of benzyl alcohols and ortho‐nitroanilines in the presence of a strong base, e.g. alkaline alkoxides or hydroxides. A good tolerance of functional groups was observed, affording an array of 2‐aryl benzimidazole derivatives in high yields. Early mechanistic studies showed that sodium tert‐butoxide could initiate the hydrogen transfer from benzyl alcohol to the nitro group in ortho‐nitroaniline followed by imine condensation, cyclization, and oxidation. This protocol features a convenient tactic that does not require any external oxidants or solvents for the synthesis of bioactive benzimidazole‐involving compounds.
Fast Self‐Assembly Dynamics of a β‐Sheet Peptide Soft Material
Authors: Bertouille Jolien , Kasas Sandor , Martin Charlotte , Hennecke Ulrich , Ballet Steven , Willaert Ronnie G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPeptide‐based hydrogels are promising biocompatible materials for wound healing, drug delivery, and tissue engineering applications. The physical properties of these nanostructured materials depend strongly on the morphology of the gel network. However, the self‐assembly mechanism of the peptides that leads to a distinct network morphology is still a subject of ongoing debate, since complete assembly pathways have not yet been resolved. To unravel the dynamics of the hierarchical self‐assembly process of the model β‐sheet forming peptide KFE8 (Ac‐FKFEFKFE‐NH2), high‐speed atomic force microscopy (HS‐AFM) in liquid is used. It is demonstrated that a fast‐growing network, based on small fibrillar aggregates, is formed at a solid–liquid interface, while in bulk solution, a distinct, more prolonged nanotube network emerges from intermediate helical ribbons. Moreover, the transformation between these morphologies has been visualized. It is expected that this new in situ and in real‐time methodology will set the path for the in‐depth unravelling of the dynamics of other peptide‐based self‐assembled soft materials, as well as gaining advanced insights into the formation of fibers involved in protein misfolding diseases.
Direct Interfacial Excitation from TiO2 to Cu(II) Nanoclusters Enables Cathodic Photoresponse for Hydrogen Evolution under Visible‐Light Irradiation
Authors: Wardhana Aufandra C. , Yamaguchi Akira , Adachi Kiyohiro , Hashizume Daisuke , Miyauchi Masahiro 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalyst is only active under UV irradiation due to its wide‐gap nature. A novel excitation pathway denoted as interfacial charge transfer (IFCT) has been reported to activate copper(II) oxide nanoclusters‐loaded TiO2 powder (Cu(II)/TiO2) under visible‐light irradiation for only organic decomposition (downhill reaction) so far. Here, the photoelectrochemical study shows that the Cu(II)/TiO2 electrode exhibits a cathodic photoresponse under visible‐light and UV irradiation. It originates from H2 evolution on the Cu(II)/TiO2 electrode, while O2 evolution takes place on the anodic side. Based on the concept of IFCT, a direct excitation of electrons from the valence band of TiO2 to Cu(II) clusters initiates the reaction. This is the first demonstration of a direct interfacial excitation‐induced cathodic photoresponse for water splitting without any addition of a sacrificial agent. This study is expected to contribute to the development of abundant visible‐light‐active photocathode materials for fuel production (uphill reaction).
Concrete production with domestic and industrial wastewaters—A literature review
Authors: Sheikh Hassani Mohammad , Matos Jose C. , Zhang Y.X. , Teixeira Elisabete 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWith water scarcity posing an ever‐present worldwide crisis, treated wastewater usage as an alternative to fresh water could be a smart choice and contribute to a sustainable construction industry. Numerous studies have been conducted by using treated domestic or industrial wastewater in concrete production, providing a promising solution to the global water shortage and wastewater management. However, the effectiveness of wastewater on the concrete manufacturing in comparison to pure freshwater has been a concern due to its impurities and contaminants. The results derived from previously published studies on concrete manufacturing with wastewater vary as a consequence of considerate different additives, curing age, treatment method, or wastewater quality. This review compiles and compares the previous investigations on physical and mechanical properties, durability characteristics, and morphological assessments of manufactured concrete with treated wastewater, and discusses the reasons for similarities and differences. Research findings and conclusions from the literature are summarized, and future research directions based on the research gaps are also recommended.
Inclusion of hearing and vision impairments in cognitive training interventions
Authors: Marino Francesca R. , Jiang Kening , Smith Jason R. , Chen Diefei , Tzuang Marian , Reed Nicholas S. , Swenor Bonnielin K. , Deal Jennifer A. , Rebok George W. , Huang Alison 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionCognitive training can potentially reduce risk of cognitive decline and dementia in older adults. To support implementation of cognitive training in the broader population of older adults, it is critical to evaluate intervention implementation and efficacy among representative samples, particularly those at highest risk of cognitive decline. Hearing and vision impairments are highly prevalent among older adults and confer increased risk of cognitive decline/dementia. Whether cognitive training interventions enroll and are designed to include this important subgroup is unknown.MethodsA scoping review of PubMed and PsycINFO was conducted to examine the inclusion of older adults with hearing and vision impairment in cognitive training interventions. Two independent reviewers completed a full‐text review of eligible articles. Eligible articles included cognitive training and multimodal randomized controlled trials and a study population that was cognitively unimpaired, aged ≥55‐years, and community dwelling. Articles were primary outcome papers published in English.ResultsAmong the 130 articles included in the review, 103 were cognitive training interventions (79%) and 27 were multimodal interventions (21%). More than half the trials systematically excluded participants with hearing and/or vision impairment (n = 60, 58%). Few studies reported hearing and vision measurement (cognitive: n = 16, 16%; multimodal: n = 3, 11%) or incorporated universal design and accessibility into intervention design (cognitive: n = 7, 7%; multimodal: n = 0, 0%).DiscussionOlder adults with hearing and vision impairment are underrepresented in cognitive training interventions. Reporting of hearing and vision measurement, proper justification of exclusions, and inclusion of accessibility and universal intervention design are also lacking. These findings raise concerns about whether current trial findings apply to those with hearing and vision impairment and generalize to the broader population of older adults. It is critical to include more diverse study populations and integrate accessibility into intervention design to include and better represent older adults with hearing and vision impairment.Highlights
Cognitive training interventions underrepresent hearing and vision impairment.
Sensory measurement and proper justification of exclusions are rarely reported.
Interventions lack inclusion of accessibility and universal intervention design.
More diverse study populations are needed in cognitive training interventions.
Integration of accessibility into cognitive training intervention design is needed
The Impact of a Canine‐Assisted Reading Program on Readers Needing Extra Practice
Authors: Coffman Amanda N. , Bernstein Elana R. , Davies Susan C. , Justice Ann F. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCanines can provide emotional support, create a nonjudgmental environment, facilitate positive social interactions, and shape student behavior. This study investigated the impact of a canine‐assisted reading program on four second‐grade students' reading fluency and attitudes toward reading. Oral reading fluency (ORF) was measured using ORF probes, and students' attitudes toward reading were measured with the Elementary Reading Attitude Survey. Although ORF skills did not improve significantly following the program, students' attitudes toward reading did. Implications regarding innovative strategies for reading fluency programs, including canine‐assisted methods, are discussed, with emphasis on the importance of maintaining reading enjoyment among readers needing extra practice.
Associations between small ruminant lentivirus infection and total milk yield and somatic cell count in a dairy sheep flock
Authors: Davies Peers , Jones Scott , Dunham Stephen , Tarlinton Rachael E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundSmall ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) are lentiviruses of sheep and goats, formerly known as maedi–visna (MV) in sheep and caprine encephalitis and arthritis in goats. In sheep, SRLVs commonly cause progressive pneumonia, wasting and indurative mastitis. SRLVs have a long latent period, and chronic production losses are often not recognised until very late. Few studies quantifying the production losses in ewes have been published, and none have been published under UK flock husbandry conditions.MethodsProduction records of milk yield and somatic cell count (SCC) from a dairy flock of 319 milking East Friesian × Lacaune ewes identified as MV infected via routine serological screening for SRLV antibodies were used in multivariable linear regression modelling to estimate the impact of SRLV status on total milk yield and SCC.ResultsMilk yield was reduced in seropositive ewes by 8.1%–9.2% over an entire lactation. SCC counts were not significantly different in SRLV‐infected and unifected animals.LimitationsFurther parameters, such as body condition score or clinical mastitis, that were not available may have clarified the underlying cause of milk yield drop.ConclusionsThe study demonstrates substantial production losses in an SRLV‐affected flock and highlights the impact of the virus on a farm's economic viability.