bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced surface properties and contact fatigue performance of Cr4Mo4V bearing steel subjected to ultrasonic surface rolling processing
Authors: Gao F. , Duan H. , Ding Z. , Tian L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe paper presents the experimental studies on the enhanced comprehensive properties of Cr4Mo4V bearing steel using ultrasonic surface rolling process. Considerable improvements in mechanical properties and rolling contact fatigue performance are achieved in the present study, accompanied by the characterization of surface microstructures. The ultrasonic surface rolling process promotes the formation of fine nanocrystalline structures and nano‐sized elongated grains with severe deformation, leading to the increasing residual stress, micro‐hardness and high temperatures hardness. The crack propagation and delamination pit in the surface after ultrasonic surface rolling process is inhibited, further enhancing the rolling contact fatigue life of Cr4Mo4V bearing steel.
Effect of thermal ageing on microstructure, mechanical properties, and fracture behaviour of 50 % cold rolled duplex stainless steel (alloy 2507)
Authors: Ghosh S. K. , Yadav M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe paper deals with cold rolling and ageing on microstructure and mechanical properties of 2507 duplex stainless steel. Microstructure depicts acicular/Widmanstätten austenite and δ‐ferrite with dissimilar volume fraction (∼0.55 for ferrite and ∼0.45 for austenite). Cold rolling and ageing at 950 °C, 1000 °C and 1050 °C result in equiaxed austenite for samples solution treated at 1040 °C and elongated at 1300 °C. By lowering ageing temperature from 1050 °C to 950 °C, structure becomes finer from ∼20 μm to <10 μm grain size. The sigma (σ) phase appears after ageing at 950 °C. Micro‐hardness reveals maximum hardness for the hot rolled, solutionized (1040 °C) water quenched, and cold rolled (50 %) sample (380 HVδF 100 and 430 HVγ 100), whereas the tensile results reveal the hot rolled, solution treated (1300 °C, 1040 °C), cold rolled and aged at 950 °C samples show higher strength (yield strength=625 MPa, 567 MPa and ultimate tensile strength=892 MPa, 826 MPa) and lower ductility (23 %, 32 %) due to the σ‐phase. The solution treated (1040 °C), cold rolled, aged at 1050 °C sample exhibits attractive strength and ductility combination (∼30 GPa %). Fractography supports the tensile results.
Wear processes and performance of blade pair in small‐scale single‐shaft plastic shredder machine
Authors: Wong J. H. , Karen W. M. J. , Bahrin S. A. , Chua B. L. , Melvin G. J. H. , Siambun N. J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractShredder blades and fixed blades were used as a set of blade pair to perform the shredding action. Comparable research was performed on the blade pair to understand its wear mechanism and shredding performance. The loading distribution along the two‐edge shredder blades in helix configuration was identified. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x‐ray, x‐ray diffractometer analysis, and hardness tests were used to characterise the surface, elemental composition, microstructure, and hardness of the worn blade pair. The shredder blades’ wear mechanism was categorised as progressive wear which dominant by abrasive, following by adhesive and oxidation wear. The shredding efficiency of the two‐edge shredder blades in helix configuration was 69.24 %, recycling efficiency at 96.83 % and retention of 3.17 % after the shredding process.
Continuous Subcutaneous Infusion Delivery of Apomorphine in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kukkle Prashanth Lingappa , Garg Divyani , Merello Marcello 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundContinuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion (CSAI) is one of the advanced therapies for Parkinson's disease (PD).MethodsA systematic review of all published articles in English on CSAI for PD till January 30, 2022 was conducted.ResultsA total of 82 articles met the search criteria. Publications included retrospective or prospective open‐label observational studies, with a limited number of randomized control trials (RCT). Publications were highly heterogeneous and focused on different aspects of CSAI and included clinical audits, effects on cognition/behavior, axial symptoms, nocturnal issues, adverse events/reasons for discontinuation and comparison with other continuous dopaminergic therapies. CSAI was used in patients who presented severe motor fluctuations not resolved by oral therapy, poor candidates for deep brain stimulation (DBS) due to cognitive/behavioral issues or in those with DBS weaning effect. Recent studies have also shown that CSAI was useful for nocturnal usage in advanced PD, in addition to daytime utilization. Adverse effects were common and include skin lesions, sedation and nausea. Pump management difficulties and patient decisions were common reasons for therapy dropout, predominantly during the initial stages of the CSAI.ConclusionThere is consistent agreement on the benefits of CSAI in reducing OFF periods and improving ON periods without troublesome dyskinesia and specific motor and non‐motor symptoms. Although there is a paucity of RCTs, current data from almost 30 years of use suggests CSAI to be beneficial in advanced cases of PD.
Defect of the Endogenous Inhibitory Pain System in Idiopathic Restless Legs Syndrome: A Laser Evoked Potentials Study
Authors: Antelmi Elena , Squintani Giovanna Maddalena , Sandri Angela , Lippolis Marianna , Segatti Alessia , Tinazzi Michele 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundRestless legs syndrome (RLS) is a complex sensorimotor disorder. Symptoms worsen toward evening and at rest and are temporarily relieved by movement. Symptoms are perceived as painful in up to 45% of cases, and nociception system may be involved.ObjectivesTo assess the descending diffuse noxious inhibitory control in RLS patients.MethodsTwenty‐one RLS patients and twenty age and sex‐matched healthy controls (HC) underwent a conditioned pain modulation protocol. Cutaneous heat stimuli were delivered via laser evoked potentials (LEPs) on the dorsum of the right hand (UL) and foot (LL). N2 and P2 latencies, N2/P2 amplitude and pain ratings (NRS) were recorded before (baseline), during, and after a heterotopic noxious conditioning stimulation (HNCS) application. The baseline/HNCS ratio was calculated for both UL and LL.ResultsN2 and P2 latencies did not vary between groups at each condition and limbs. Both groups showed a physiological N2/P2 amplitude and NRS reduction during the HNCS condition in UL and LL in comparison to baseline and post conditions (all,P < 0.003). Between‐groups comparisons revealed a significant lower amplitude reduction in RLS at the N2/P2 amplitude during the HNCS condition only for LL (RLS, 13.6 μV; HC, 10.1 μV;P = 0.004). Such result was confirmed by the significant difference at the ratio (RLS, 69%, HC, 52.5%;P = 0.038).ConclusionsThe lower physiological reduction during the HNCS condition at LL in RLS patients suggests a defect in the endogenous inhibitory pain system. Further studies should clarify the causal link of this finding, also investigating the circadian modulation of this paradigm. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
The effects of a 24‐week interactive text message‐based mobile health intervention for enhancing self‐care behaviours of patients with heart failure: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Son Youn‐Jung , Kim Sang‐Wook , Lee Wang‐Soo , Won Hoyoun , Cho Jun Hwan , Hong Joonhwa , Choi Hong‐Jae , Kim Da‐Young , Lim Arum , Kim Hyue Mee 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to identify the effects of a 24‐week interactive text message‐based mobile health intervention (called) on enhancing the self‐care behaviours of patients with heart failure.BackgroundWhether text message‐based mobile health intervention can be used to improve long‐term adherence to self‐care behaviours among heart failure patients remains unclear.DesignA quasi‐experimental study with a pretest–post‐test design and repeated measures.MethodsData from 100 patients (mean age, 58.78 years; 83.0% men) were analysed. The intervention group (n = 50) used the program over 24 weeks, which consisted of weekly goal setting and interactive text messaging, while the control group (n = 50) received usual care. Trained research assistants collected data using self‐reported Likert questionnaires. Primary (self‐care behaviours) and secondary (health literacy, eHealth literacy, and disease knowledge) outcome variables were measured at baseline and at 1, 3 and 6 months after intervention for follow‐up.ResultsThe findings showed that the intervention group demonstrated significantly better self‐care behaviours than the control group during the 6 months. Notably, the trajectory of self‐care behaviours of the patients in the intervention group showed a steep rise between the first‐ and third‐month follow‐up, followed by high stability between the third‐ and sixth‐month follow‐up. In addition, the intervention group had significantly higher disease knowledge than the control group at the first‐ and sixth‐month follow‐up.ConclusionsWe found that the program, as an interactive text messaging service, may be an optimal strategy for improving long‐term adherence to self‐care behaviours through motivating and providing social support.Relevance to the Nursing PracticeThe WithUs program can help nurses and other healthcare professionals to track patients' health indicators such as symptom severity, diet and physical activity. In addition, nurses can take an important role in evaluating the efficacy of the app in relation to patients' health outcome.Patient or Public ContributionPatients have completed a self‐reported questionnaire after providing informed consent.
The Impact of Sinonasal Symptoms in Relation to Potentially Life‐Threatening Comorbidities
Authors: Zhou Allen S. , Prince Anthony A. , Maxfield Alice Z. , Corrales Carleton Eduardo , Shin Jennifer J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveWhile general health may be influenced by sinonasal symptoms, their effects may be overshadowed by comorbid states which may be more serious. To assess the validity of this postulate, we measured the extent to which sinonasal symptoms and concurrent conditions influenced general health.Study DesignObservational outcomes study.SettingAcademic medical center, community care sites.MethodsAdults with sinonasal symptoms completed the 22‐item Sinonasal Outcome Test, along with the Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System global health short form. Comorbidities were categorized with the Deyo modification of the Charlson comorbidity index. Multivariate regression analyses were utilized to determine the relative impact of sinonasal symptoms and concurrent comorbid conditions on general health.ResultsData from 219 consecutive patients demonstrated that sinonasal symptoms were associated with significantly diminished general physical (β = −1.431, p < .001), mental (β = −1.000, p < .001), overall (β = −1.026, p < .001), and social health (β = −0.872, p = .003), regardless of the presence of potentially life‐threatening comorbid conditions. Comorbid conditions included cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, connective tissue disease, peptic ulcer, diabetes mellitus, and hepatic disease. The effect of sinonasal symptoms was neither subsumed nor overshadowed by the effects of comorbid states. Nasal, ear, sleep, and psychological domain scores were also associated with general physical, mental, and global health while adjusting for the impact of comorbidities.ConclusionSinonasal symptoms have a substantial effect on general health which is not subsumed by the presence of potentially life‐threatening concurrent comorbidities. These data may help support the importance of funding and resource allocation for conditions causing sinonasal symptoms.
Impact of Sternothyroid Muscle Division on Patient‐Reported Voice Outcomes After Thyroid Surgery: A Prospective Study
Authors: Barron Christine , Hamberis Alex , Gold Brandon , Yun Jun , Chai Raymond L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveDivision of the sternothyroid muscle during thyroidectomy is a widely accepted surgical technique to provide improved exposure of the thyroid gland, thus facilitating the ligation of superior pole vessels and identification of the laryngeal nerves. However, few have examined the impact on voice outcomes. We evaluate the impact of sternothyroid muscle division on patient‐perceived voice outcomes after thyroidectomy.Study DesignProspective cohort study.SettingTertiary academic institution.MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted comparing pre‐ and postoperative voice outcome data after thyroidectomy, measured using Voice Handicap Index‐10. The cohort of 109 patients underwent lobectomy or total thyroidectomy by a single surgeon at 1 institution. The sternothyroid muscle was fully divided in all surgeries. The integrity of the recurrent laryngeal and external branches of the superior laryngeal nerve was assessed using intraoperative nerve monitoring and postoperative laryngoscopy. Pre‐ and postoperative Voice Handicap Index‐10 scores were compared.ResultsNo statistically significant difference was found between total pre‐ and postoperative Voice Handicap Index‐10 scores (μpreop = 1.92, μpostop = 1.83, p = .87). There were no questions yielding statistically significant responses between pre‐ and postoperative groups. This was consistent regardless of whether the sternothyroid muscle was cut unilaterally or bilaterally. Men showed a statistically significant improvement in score after surgery.ConclusionThese findings support no difference in postoperative voice outcomes after the intraoperative division of the sternothyroid muscle. This supports the usage of this technique as a safe means to facilitate exposure during thyroid surgery and will serve as important information to guide intraoperative surgical decision‐making.
Assessing internalizing disorders and sleep in school‐age children: A new parent report Behavioral Health Screen
Authors: Ruan‐Iu Linda , Winston‐Lindeboom Payne , Rivers Alannah Shelby , Atte Tita , Tien Allen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDepression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance are common among school‐age children and can impair functioning. Schools are in a unique position to assess and refer these children for intervention services, but standardized screening is underutilized. One challenge with screening is the lack of psychometrically strong mental health screening tools that can be efficiently and effectively administered in school settings. The Behavioral Health Works program provides a web‐based platform and a multidimensional screening tool (the Behavioral Health Screen [BHS]) that can help overcome implementation barriers. Because parents have unique, valuable perspectives on reporting the mental health concerns of their children, a parent report version for younger children was developed. This study examines the psychometric properties of the internalizing and sleep scales of the BHS parent report version for assessing children (BHS‐PRC). Participants included 420 parents of children ages 6–12, who completed the BHS‐PRC. Results supported evidence of good internal structure, partial measurement equivalence (across race, gender, age, and education groups), discrimination in item response theory analysis, classification accuracy, and convergent and discriminant validity. Overall, the BHS‐PRC demonstrates strong psychometric characteristics and has the potential to assist schools' mental health screening as part of a multitiered system of support.
Social media governance and strategies to combat online hatespeech in Germany
Authors: Stockmann Daniela , Schlosser Sophia , Ksatryo Paxia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractConcerns over online hatespeech have prompted governments to strengthen social media governance. However, claims by policy‐makers and political activists regarding the effectiveness and likely consequences of legal regulations remain largely untested. We rely on qualitative interviews and two expert surveys to examine the behavior of public relations professionals in response to online hatespeech when having the option of using the new user‐complaint mechanism under the German Network Enforcement Act (NetzDG). Our findings reveal that strategies depend on whether professionals work at public sector institutions, business, or civil society organizations and political parties. Public sector institutions are likely to report to the platform, but not under NetzDG. Civil society organizations are likely to choose content moderation, counterspeech, and other forms of intervention. Businesses deploy a wide range of strategies. In practice, Germany's procedural approach relying on user‐complaint mechanisms to deal with online hatespeech is not used by experts as a means to combat online harassment.
Witnessing Quantum Correlations in a Hybrid Qubit‐Qutrit System Under Intrinsic Decoherence
Authors: Benabdallah Fadwa , El Anouz Khadija , Rahman Atta ur , Daoud Mohammed , El Allati Abderrahim , Haddadi Saeed 
Published: June 2023

AbstractStudying qubit‐qutrit systems is crucial to harnessing their quantum advantages, especially in quantum secure technologies. In this regard, the present work consists of considering a qubit‐qutrit system under intrinsic decoherence. For this hybrid‐spin system, the relationship between negativity, local quantum uncertainty, and local quantum Fisher information is discussed. The results show that it is possible to generate and preserve the maximally correlated states by tuning the system parameters to certain fixed values. It is also demonstrated the occurrence of the sudden death/birth phenomenon by examining the behavior of quantum correlation functions.
Impact of urbanization factors considering artificial water dissipation on extreme precipitation: A numerical simulation of rainfall in Shanghai
Authors: Luo Zhuoran , Liu Jiahong , Zhang Shanghong , Shao Weiwei , Zhou Jinjun , Zhang Li 
Published: June 2023

AbstractClimate change and rapid urbanization have jointly altered the climate characteristics of cities, including rainfall, humidity, and temperature, and have resulted in an increase of extreme precipitation. In this study, to identify the hydrothermal driving factors responsible for extreme precipitation in urban areas, sensitivity experiments were carried out on two extreme precipitation events in Shanghai, China, using the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model coupled with the artificial water dissipation urban canopy model (AWDUCM). The simulation results from the WRF model and observations from 35 weather stations across Shanghai were compared. The results showed that WRF could simulate the spatial distribution and precipitation intensity of extreme rainfall more accurately when integrated with the AWDUCM. With the AWDUCM incorporated, the root‐mean‐square errors of the two simulated precipitation events were 9.1 and 9.9 mm respectively (accounting for approximately 20% of the total rainfall). The near‐surface temperature and specific humidity in the AWDUCM simulation were approximately 0.5°C and 1 g·kg−1 higher than in the NON simulation (that did not invoke the AWDUCM) respectively. Urbanization factors increase the near‐surface temperature and specific humidity in urban and built‐up land, and the results of this study indicate that these are two of the driving forces affecting precipitation. Increased water vapor and urban heat island effects caused by urbanization are enhancing the intensity of extreme precipitation in Shanghai.
Observer‐based security control for distributed cyber‐physical systems under replay attacks
Authors: Li Xiao‐Meng , Xiao Wenbin , Lin Guohuai , Li Hongyi , Lu Renquan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper considers the security control problem over a finite horizon for distributed cyber‐physical systems (CPSs) under replay attacks and switching topologies. A more reasonable attack model is established to describe the randomly occurring replay attacks, where the measurement information is maliciously replaced by previous unnecessary information. Under the Markovian switching communication network, a distributed observer‐based control protocol is developed to mitigate the influence on system performance resulting from disturbances and replay attacks. Then, by using recursive linear matrix inequality method and stochastic analysis technique, two sufficient conditions are derived to ensure the consensus of the closed‐loop system while satisfying the prescribed performance index. Gain matrices of observer and controller are derived by resorting to the matrices inequalities that are reality solvable. Finally, simulated examples are presented to compare the control performance under different attack strategies, and explore the relationship between the number of consecutive attacks and the performance index.
Nonlinear model predictive control for hydrobatics: Experiments with an underactuated AUV
Authors: Bhat Sriharsha , Panteli Chariklia , Stenius Ivan , Dimarogonas Dimos V. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHydrobatic autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) can be efficient in range and speed, as well as agile in maneuvering. They can be beneficial in scenarios such as obstacle avoidance, inspections, docking, and under‐ice operations. However, such AUVs are underactuated systems—this means exploiting the system dynamics is key to achieving elegant hydrobatic maneuvers with minimum controls. This paper explores the use of model predictive control (MPC) techniques to control underactuated AUVs in hydrobatic maneuvers and presents new simulation and experimental results with the small and hydrobatic SAM AUV. Simulations are performed using nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) on the full AUV system to provide optimal control policies for several hydrobatic maneuvers in Matlab/Simulink. For implementation on AUV hardware in robot operating system, a linear time varying MPC (LTV‐MPC) is derived from the nonlinear model to enable real‐time control. In simulations, NMPC and LTV‐MPC shows promising results to offer much more efficient control strategies than what can be obtained with PID and linear quadratic regulator based controllers in terms of rise‐time, overshoot, steady‐state error, and robustness. The LTV‐MPC shows satisfactory real‐time performance in experimental validation. The paper further also demonstrates experimentally that LTV‐MPC can be run real‐time on the AUV in performing hydrobatic maneouvers.
Elucidation of Molecular‐level Mechanisms of Oxygen Atom Reactions with Chlorine Ion in NaCl Solutions using Molecular Dynamics Simulations Combined with Density Functional Theory
Authors: Xu Shaofeng , Jirasek Vit , Lukes Petr 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMolecular dynamics simulations combined with density functional theory were performed to investigate the reaction mechanisms for oxygen atom and chlorine ion in NaCl solutions. Considering the ground and first excited states of the oxygen atom, four bulk systems, O(3P)‐NaCl‐63H2O, O(1D)‐NaCl‐63H2O, O(3P)‐4NaCl‐63H2O, and O(1D)‐4NaCl‐63H2O were studied. The main reaction pathway depended on the concentration of the aqueous electrolyte solution. For a dilute solution with a 1 : 64 ratio of NaCl to H2O, the singlet oxygen atom first attached a water molecule to produce a neutral OH radical, and then the OH radical and chlorine ion approach each other to form an intermediate structure [Cl…OH]−. Synchronously, the intermediate transferred charge to the solvated OH radical by accessing the hydrogen bond network. Finally, neutral HOCl and OH− ions were formed. For a dense solution with a 4 : 64 ratio of NaCl to H2O, a singlet oxygen atom was directly combined with Cl− to produce ClO− via an oxygen transfer reaction. The subsequent ab‐initio energy computations indicated the most probable mechanism, where the O atom directly combines with Cl− ion to OCl−. This study provides insights into the fundamental mechanisms of the behavior of dissolved oxygen radicals in aqueous electrolyte solutions.