bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavior of Myoblasts in Confluent Layer Under Shear Flow Field
Authors: Yonezawa Hiroki , Hashimoto Shigehiro , Kinoshiro Haruki 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
To investigate the effect of shear stress direction on cell orientation, the movement of each cell parallel or perpendicular to the direction of the shear flow field in the two-dimensional confluent layer was investigated in vitro. A Couette-type shear flow between parallel walls was formed between the lower static culture disc and the upper rotating disc. Shear stress (1 Pa) was set by adjusting the rotation speed of the upper disk. After culturing to confluence in a flowless state to adhere myoblasts (C2C12: mouse myoblast line) to the lower disk, shear flow was continuously applied for 7 days in an incubator (incorporated with an inverted phase contrast microscope). The migration of each cell was tracked in the time-lapse images. Experiments have shown that cells migrate along the long axis (not only parallel, but also vertical to the shear stress). This method can be applied to maintain the orientation of muscle cells in the engineered tissue.
Hybrid Parallel Feed Multi-Effect Evaporation Desalination System With Adsorption Cycle
Authors: Al-Khalifah Hassan , Ben-Mansour Rached , Antar Mohamed A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Because thermal based desalination systems are still contributing a substantial share in the desalination industry in the GCC and MENA countries, there is a need to optimize their energy consumption in order to minimize oil consumption. The solution used in this paper is connecting the Multi Effect Desalination (MED) system to an Adsorption cooling (AD) system to improve the performance of existing MED plants. A transient mathematical model is developed to predict the performance of multi-effect parallel feed (MED-PF) evaporation desalination system integrated into an adsorption cooling system to achieve both cooling and potable water production. The study aims at examining the impact of operating conditions on the system performance and comparing the performance of different adsorbent materials (HKUST-1 and silica gel RD-2060) at similar operating conditions. It is found that the integrated system allows lowering the MED last effect temperature below the ambient temperature due to water vapor uptake by AD adsorbent bed. As a result, operational gap increases. Thus, the multi effect desalination system can have more effects within the extended flashing range, resulting in more distillate water production and better recovery of heat input. It is worth mentioning that the number of effects is the most influential parameter in increasing the production of multiple effect desalination systems. Parallel feed layout is selected as a preferred layout of MED systems.
The average distillate water production increases by two to three times compared to the conventional MED cycle. Using the HKUST-1 instead of the silica gel reduces the last effect temperature by 9 °C. This leads to the use of more effects in the MED system compared with using silica gel in the adsorption sub-system.
Investigation on Dispersion Characteristics of Elastic Waves in Steel Strands Based on Floquet Boundary Conditions Method
Authors: Zhang Hongyan , Li Jian , Chen ShiLi , Liu Yang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Steel strands have the advantages of good bending performance, strong impact resistance, stable and reliable operation, etc. As a load-bearing structure, the health of steel strands directly affects the stability and safety of the entire structure. Therefore, detecting the damage to in-service steel strands is extremely important. Due to the influence of the helical structure, the contact effect between the wires, and the influence of the applied load, it is difficult to solve the wave problem of the steel strands using the governing equations and boundary conditions from a purely theoretical point of view. The Floquet Boundary Conditions (Floquet BC) method can replace the whole with a single repeatable substructure without rewriting the equilibrium equation, which is more general and simpler than the SAFE method. The advantage of Floquet BC is that only the propagation term is considered, and it is very suitable for irregular waveguides such as steel strands. In this paper, the Floquet BC method is used to analyze the dispersion characteristics of the helical curved rod and the steel strands in the torsional coordinate system, and the results obtained are the same as those obtained by the SAFE method.
Prediction of Electrical Energy Consumption in University Campus Residence Using FCM-Clustered Neuro-Fuzzy Model
Authors: Adeleke Oluwatobi , Jen Tien-Chien 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Developing a viable data-driven policy for the management of electrical-energy consumption in campus residences is contingent on the proper knowledge of the electricity usage pattern and its predictability. In this study, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) was developed to model the electrical energy consumption of students’ residence using the University of Johannesburg, South Africa as a case study. The model was developed based on the environmental conditions vis-à-vis meteorological parameters namely temperature, wind speed, and humidity of the respective days as the input variables while electricity consumption (kWh) was used as the output variable. The fuzzy c-means (FCM) is a type of clustering technique that is preferred owing to its speed boost capacity. The best FCM-clustered ANFIS-model based on a range of 2–10 clusters was selected after evaluating their performance using relevant statistical metrics namely; mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute deviation (MAD). FCM-ANFIS with 7 clusters outperformed all other models with the least error and highest accuracy. The RMSE, MAPE, MAD, and R2-values of the best models are 0.043, 0.65, 1.051, and 0.9890 respectively. The developed model will assist in optimizing energy consumption and assist in designing and sizing alternative energy systems for campus residences.
Aerodynamic Analysis of a Car Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics and Machine Learning
Authors: Ma Xingchuan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The vehicle’s aerodynamic performance attracts increasing attention because it is critical to its power, fuel economy, and handling stability. Therefore, the aerodynamic analysis is one of the most essential components of car design. To develop new-generation energy-saving cars, this study investigates how the car shapes, especially the angle of the front and back windows, could affect a car’s aerodynamic performance. In particular, a computational fluid dynamics approach combined with a machine-learning algorithm is adopted to investigate the aforementioned problem and determine the optimal designs of a car. In this study, first, ANSYS Fluent is utilized to simulate the turbulent flows over 50 modeled two-dimensional cars with varying angles of front / back windows, followed by a case study on three-dimensional cars. The results show that the car shape could dramatically affect the aerodynamic performance of a car by changing the velocity and pressure fields near the wake region, leading to a reduction of the aerodynamic drag by up to 30%. Finally, using these simulation two-dimensional cars’ results as a training database, a machine learning-based algorithm is developed to predict the drag/lift coefficient quickly and thus find the optimal design.
Effect of Air Gap, Thickness of Polyurethane (PU) Foam, and Perforated Panel on Sound Absorption Coefficient for Acoustic Structures
Authors: Patil Chetan , Ghorpade Ratnakar , Askhedkar Rajesh 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
There are many applications and sectors in today’s era where noise pollution is reaching very high levels. This prolonged noise exposure leads to a detrimental health effect. This may cause loss of concentration, working efficiency, headache, increased blood pressure level, annoyance, and even workplace accidents. Hence, the need to reduce the high noise level is becoming a significant issue. Varieties of absorbing materials are being used in the recent age for noise reduction and sound attenuation. Most of the acoustic enclosures consist of polyurethane foam as a sound absorber. The noise control is achieved by modifying the noise source characteristics, path modification, or muffling at the receiver. The best way to control noise is noise absorption, where acoustic materials are designed to absorb sound. Polyurethane foam is widely accepted because of its good properties like wide absorption frequency range, structural stabilization, low cost, easy handling, and moisture resistance. It has been observed that the sound absorption coefficient (SAC) depends on the thickness of polyurethane foam and the air gap.
This paper discusses the different acoustic properties of various acoustic structures consisting of the perforated panel, air gap, and polyurethane foam for the frequency range of 100–4000 Hz. Different combinations of acoustic structures are proposed to observe the effect of absorptivity in terms of sound attenuation. The effect of layer sequence on the acoustic absorption of the structure has been investigated. The relation between the thickness of the material, air gap, and SAC are also analyzed. FEA can accurately analyze the absorption characteristics at normal incidence of sound-absorbing structure. The acoustic structure consisting of polyurethane foam gives the maximum value of SAC for a frequency range of 2300–4000 Hz. The acoustic structure consisting of the perforated panel, air gap, and polyurethane foam give the maximum SAC value for the lower frequency range of 100 to 2300 Hz.
In the current study, it has been seen that the acoustic structure consisting of polyurethane foam with an air gap gives the minimum value of SAC. The SAC varies with the air gap and thickness of the foam. The study affirmed that using the perforated panels in acoustic structure gives the maximum value of SAC in the lower frequency range. The SAC of a material is calculated with an analytical method and verified with the experimental method and FEA software. For verification of SAC for different acoustic structures, COMSOL Multiphysics 5.5 results are seen to be in good agreement with a maximum difference of 8.1% with that of the experimental results.
A Physics-Based Model of Laser Powder Bed Fusion of NiTi Shape Memory Alloy: Laser Single Track and Melt Pool Dimension Prediction
Authors: Abedi Hossein , Javan Reza , Nematollahi Mohammad Reza , Safaei Keyvan , Al-Gamal Anwar , Elahinia Mohammad , Qattawi Ala 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
NiTi Shape memory alloys are increasingly being employed in a variety of applications, with continuous research into practical processing methods. The laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) manufacturing method is exhibiting increasing attention to fabricating SMA materials due to the high flexibility of controllable process parameters. Finite element method (FEM) approaches are deployed to offer an intelligent fabrication path and minimize the high time and cost expenses of experimentations.
In this work, a thermal model is developed to predict the melt pool size and shape during NiTi’s LPBF. Macroscale physics framework via COMSOL Multiphysics is used to build a thermal model for NiTi LPBF processing. To this end, a single-track scanning of laser over the NiTi substrate with Gaussian power density has been modeled.
The thermal/melt pool modeling of a single laser pass on NiTi substrate is employed. The model is calibrated for the thermal parameters such as the conductive and convective coefficient and emissivity coefficients. The calibration is performed through the comparison of experimental temperature measurements via optical microscopy and in-situ thermal imaging and the numerical modeling results.
Structural Integrity Assessment of the Compensators Used in the Heat Exchangers Under Combined Angular Movement and Lateral Offset
Authors: Sanap Sudarshan B. , Pagar Nitin D. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Process industries typically utilize bellows expansion joints (compensators), which offer both axial flexibility and circumferential strength on convolutions. These components are utilized in pipe structures as well as their connections to vital process equipment’s, such as boilers, fixed tube heat exchangers, pressure vessels, pressure relief equipment, pulsation dampeners, etc. The expansion-contraction operation of the compensators attached to the pipes produces different thrusts and stresses, rendering process equipment vulnerable to catastrophic failure if there is an axial misalignment or lateral offset in connection. For the purpose of maintaining structural integrity, it is essential to determine the meridian stresses generated on bellows compensator under various operating conditions. This study examines the quantitative effects of combined lateral shift and angular rotational misalignment on meridional stress levels for the heat exchanger shell bellows. Mainly the generation of the stresses on the U-shaped convolution profile is multifaceted and difficult to evaluate. An experimental setup has been designed to make it easier to see the combined angular rotation and offset at various levels and to improve evaluating the stress levels for analysis purposes. The paper presents the results pertaining to meridional deflection-based stresses. The analysis process signifies the assessment of structural integrity to enable designers to implement mitigating measures regarding the installation of bellows compensators and adequate support conditions.
Understanding Relative Motion Between the Skull and Brain in Shaken Baby Syndrome
Authors: Castrillon Paul , Saboori Parisa , Walker Graham 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Life of a child is different when they experience shaken baby syndrome (SBS). Severe SBS can lead to a subdural hemorrhage from ruptured bridging veins. There’s plenty of research in the past about the biological aspect of SBS, but there is a lack of research about mechanical forces affecting the child’s head. This study aims to measure the angular displacement between the brain and skull using a Crash Resistant Air Bag Interaction (CRABI) model simulated in Siemens NX. The CRABI head model consists of the skull, arachnoid mater, subarachnoid space, and a hemispherical brain. The trabeculae are modeled as springs and connect the arachnoid mater to the brain to represent a proper motion of the brain within the skull. A displacement is applied to the CRABI torso to represent the caretaker translation force. Results show angular displacement presented in graphs of each case and their distinct oscillations. The cusp shown in each graph represents the angular displacement of the baby’s brain in the anterior or posterior region. This preliminary research helped us understand the mechanical forces of SBS and the reaction of the baby’s head to rotational displacement. The next steps of this study are to determine the rupture of bridging veins.
Inspiratory Muscle Training Improves Maximal Inspiratory Pressure Without Increasing Performance in Elite Swimmers
Authors: Gómez-Albareda Eloi , Viscor Ginés , García Iker 
Published: February 2023

Purpose: To analyze the effect of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on the maximal inspiratory mouth pressure (MIP) and performance of elite swimmers. Methods: Eight participants performed a 3000-m swimming test (T-3000), followed by blood lactate measurements at 1 and 5 minutes postexercise.. The testing protocol was carried out before and after 6 weeks of IMT, in which a high-volume IMT group (HV-IMT) (n = 4) performed IMT twice a day—in the morning in a seated position and in the afternoon in a concurrent session of IMT and core muscle training. Also, a low-volume IMT group (LV-IMT) (n = 4) performed IMT in the morning session only. Results: After the intervention, both groups improved their MIP, HV-IMT (132.75 [27.42] to 156.75 [21.88] cmH2O; P = .010; d = 0.967) and LV-IMT (149.25 [22.82] to 171.50 [23.74] cmH2O; P = .013; d = 0.955), without a significant difference between groups (P = .855). Regarding swimming performance, there were no changes between groups in the T-3000 (P = .472) or lactate removal rate (P = .104). Conclusion: IMT increased inspiratory muscle strength in elite swimmers, but there was no association or meaningful impact on swimming performance.
Effect of Austrian COVID-19 lockdowns on acute myocardial infarction frequency and long-term mortality: a multicentre observational study
Authors: Mousavi Roya Anahita , Roth Dominik , Wallmüller Christian , Pichler Gernot , Stratil Peter , Schreiber Wolfgang , Delle-Karth Georg , Schober Andreas 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to find out if the decrease in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) admissions during the first COVID-19 lockdowns (LD), which was described by previous studies, occurred equally in all LD periods (LD1, LD2, LD2021), which had identical restrictions. Further, we wanted to analyse if the decrease of AMI admission had any association with the 1-year mortality rate.Design and settingThis study is a prospective observational study of two centres that are participating in the Vienna ST-elevation myocardial infarction network.ParticipantsA total of 1732 patients who presented with AMI according to the 4th universal definition of myocardial infarction in 2019, 2020 and the LD period of 2021 were included in our study. Patients with myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries were excluded from our study.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome of this study was the frequency of AMI during the LD periods and the all-cause and cardiac-cause 1-year mortality rate of 2019 (pre-COVID-19) and 2020.ResultsOut of 1732 patients, 70% (n=1205) were male and median age was 64 years. There was a decrease in AMI admissions of 55% in LD1, 28% in LD2 and 17% in LD2021 compared with 2019.There were no differences in all-cause 1-year mortality between the year 2019 (11%; n=110) and 2020 (11%; n=79; p=0.92) or death by cardiac causes [10% (n=97) 2019 vs 10% (n=71) 2020; p=0.983].ConclusionAll LDs showed a decrease in AMI admissions, though not to the same extent, even though the regulatory measures were equal. Admission in an LD period was not associated with cardiac or all-cause 1-year mortality rate in AMI patients in our study.
Dietary sodium, potassium intake, sodium-to-potassium ratio and risk of hypertension: a protocol for systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Yang Yingtian , Wu Qian , Lv Qianyu , Li Junjia , Li Lanlan , Wang Shihan 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionHypertension (HTN) is the leading cause of disease and death on a global scale. Diet’s sodium and potassium levels may synergistically affect blood pressure. Currently, the sodium-to-potassium (Na/K) ratio is becoming a more reliable indicator. There has not been a systematic investigation of the dose–response relationship between dietary sodium, potassium, the Na/K ratio and the incidence of HTN based on the same study criteria. This study will conduct a thorough dose–response meta-analysis of cohort studies to estimate the effects of dietary sodium, potassium, and the Na/K ratio on the incidence of HTN to provide the most accurate reference for sodium and potassium intake.Methods and analysisWe will identify all relevant prospective and retrospective cohort studies by searching PubMed, Embase and Web of Science (from inception until December 2022). Exposures are 24 hours urinary excretions, and the outcome is the incidence of HTN. Two researchers will perform the literature selection and data extraction separately. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale will be used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. We will use both linear and non-linear regression models to investigate the dose–response relationship among different levels (≥3) of sodium, potassium, Na/K ratio intake and the incidence of HTN (OR/RR/HR). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses will be applied to assess the potential heterogeneity sources and examine the stability of the results. We will also evaluate heterogeneity across studies and publication bias. Stata V.15.0 and RevMan V.5.0 will be used for statistical analyses.Ethics and disseminationAccording to the Institutional Review Board/Independent Ethics Committee of the Guang'anmen Hospital of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, this systematic meta-analysis protocol does not require ethical approval or informed consent. This meta-analysis will be published in a scientific journal with peer reviews.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022331203.
Driving communication forward: improving communication for palliative care patients around driving and opioids – a quality improvement report
Authors: Ismail-Callaghan Seline , Howarth Megan , Allan Rebecca , Davey Nicola , Meddick-Dyson Stephanie Amanda 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionThe number of people requiring palliative care is increasing with an ageing comorbid population. Pain is a prevalent symptom for palliative care patients and is often managed with opioids. Opioids reduce reaction time and can cause drowsiness and visual disturbance. Evidence recommends that driving should be avoided until a stable dose of opioids has been reached. It is vital for patient and public safety that these facts are communicated to patients who are prescribed opioids, as well as the legal consequences if guidance is not followed. These discussions facilitate joint decisions, optimising patient freedom and quality of life. Surprisingly though these important discussions around driving and opioids do not always occur, and so this project sought to develop a systematic approach to integrating them into practice.DesignRetrospective case note analysis and prospective interventional quality improvement study.SettingA 16 bedded specialist palliative care inpatient unit.PopulationHospice inpatients with an Eastern Council Oncology Group performance score of 0–3 who had been prescribed opioids.InterventionThree plan–do–study–act cycles were performed. First, the issue was discussed in the daily multidisciplinary team meeting to raise awareness, second a prompt was added to a pre-existing clerking proforma. Finally, a reminder poster was placed in the ward office to promote discussion prior to discharge.Outcome measuresPrimary measures were the proportion of patients with the presence of documented driving status, and the presence of a documented discussion surrounding driving and opioids.ResultsBaseline data found that 11.5% of patients had a documented driving status and 11.5% had a documented discussion surrounding driving and opioids. Over the course of the study, the proportion improved to 65.2% and 60.9%, respectively.ConclusionUse of quality improvement change methods have resulted in the successful integration of new interventions to increase discussions around driving when prescribed opioids. A previously overlooked issue in this facility, thus improving clinical and patient information sharing, and patient empowerment to take charge of their own health.