bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐Interleaved Bilayer Complex‐Amplitude Janus Metasurface Enabling Energy‐Tailorable Bidirectional Wave Modulation
Authors: Mu Yongheng , Qi Jiaran , Xia Siyu , Li Li , Sihvola Ari 
Published: December 2022

AbstractJanus metasurfaces have attracted significant attention due to their key feature of asymmetric transmission in numerous practical applications, such as asymmetric data inscription in communications and dual side displays in smart mobile devices. More compact and integrated spatial wave modulation components call for implementations of non‐interleaved bilayer complex‐amplitude (CA) Janus metasurfaces. Here, by introducing composite geometry phase into propagation phase, direction‐dependent decoupling relation between amplitude and phase engineering is derived, and the mechanism of energy‐tailorable bidirectional wave modulation is elucidated via extremely simple single‐pixeled Janus elements. A non‐interleaved bilayer CA Janus metasurface is thus proposed. Bidirectional amplitude‐phase profiles with both‐transmission (T–T) or transmission–reflection‐integration (T–R) operational modes can readily be achieved. Numerical analysis and experimental verification of direction‐dependent energy allocation and reciprocal asymmetric holograms are performed to demonstrate the excellent manipulation accuracy and decorrelation under bidirectional illuminations. On this basis, a series of coplanar image syntheses, including frequency–polarization multitasking and T–R dual‐channel multiplexing, based on the proposed bidirectional CA modulation mechanism are experimentally demonstrated in the microwave region. This asymmetric transmission mechanism will promote developments of Janus metasurfaces for multichannel processing and information multiplexing applications in miniaturized and highly integrated systems.
Blue Halide Perovskite Materials: Preparation, Progress, and Challenges
Authors: Zhang Kai , Cao Long‐Xue , Tang Yingyi , Yu Yi , Shen Yang , Wang Bingfeng , Wang Wen‐Jun , Li Yan‐Qing , Tang Jian‐Xin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHalide perovskite materials are emerging as a new promising semiconductor display material owing to their excellent optical and electrical properties. Highly efficient blue perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are the basis for full‐color displays and solid‐state lighting applications, but their efficiency and stability still lag far behind the red and green analogs. This review focuses on the key effect factors and novel strategies for blue emission PeLEDs. In detail, first effective strategies to obtain blue emission perovskite are discussed, and then the recent progress and strategies in blue emission PeLEDs, including the physical properties and significant improvements based on different structural perovskite materials are systematically elucidated. Finally, the main challenges relating to efficiency, stability, lead toxicity, and fabrication techniques in blue emission PeLEDs are summarized, and the promising research avenues in the future are discussed.
One stage reconstruction of mid‐face fistulous defects after maxillary sinus carcinoma resection with chimeric perforator free flaps
Authors: Han Yudi , Chen Youbai , Cui Lei , Chai Mi , Guo Lingli , Tao Ran , Chen Lei , Han Mingkun , Han Yan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe reconstruction of large fistulous defects following the radical ablation of maxillary sinus carcinoma remains challenging. The procedure requires not only the coverage of both intra‐nasal lining and cheek skin but also sufficient obliteration of dead space between the two surfaces. In this report, we present our experience on the reconstruction of through‐and‐through defects in the mid‐face with poly‐foliated chimeric perforator flaps.MethodsNine patients (five males and four females) who received a two‐skin paddled and one muscle segment chimeric perforator flap reconstruction after maxillary sinus carcinoma ablation between March 2015 and December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed in authors' hospital. The mean age of the patients was 59.11. Six patients were diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma, two as adenoid cystic carcinoma, and one as adenocarcinoma. Brown class IIIa defects were found in eight patients, and one patient had a Brown class IVa defect. The mean size of intra‐nasal defect was 5.67 × 4.06 cm2, and the mean size of facial skin defect was 8.94 × 6.56 cm2. ALT flaps were used in five patients, LD flaps in four patients. The minor skin paddle was firstly inset to the mucosal defect site as the lining. Then, the muscle segment was inset to eliminate the dead cavity. Finally, the major skin paddle was inset to recover the cutaneous defect.ResultsIn ALT group, the mean size of the minor skin paddle was 5.7 × 4.7 cm2, and the mean size of the major skin paddle was 8.7 × 6.6 cm2. In LD group, the mean size of the minor skin paddle was 6.88 × 4.38 cm2, and the mean size of the major skin paddle was 11 × 7.75 cm2.All donor sites were closed primarily. All flaps survived and no partial flap loss was encountered. The mean follow‐up time was 14.67 months, and there were no major postoperative complications.ConclusionThe use of poly‐foliated chimeric perforator free flaps can provide functional and aesthetic coverage for extensive through‐and‐through mid‐face defects without significant donor‐site morbidities.
Artificial intelligence‐assisted automatic and index‐based microbial single‐cell sorting system for One‐Cell‐One‐Tube
Authors: Diao Zhidian , Kan Lingyan , Zhao Yilong , Yang Huaibo , Song Jingyun , Wang Chen , Liu Yang , Zhang Fengli , Xu Teng , Chen Rongze , Ji Yuetong , Wang Xixian , Jing Xiaoyan , Xu Jian , Li Yuandong , Ma Bo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIdentification, sorting, and sequencing of individual cells directly from in situ samples have great potential for in‐depth analysis of the structure and function of microbiomes. In this work, based on an artificial intelligence (AI)‐assisted object detection model for cell phenotype screening and a cross‐interface contact method for single‐cell exporting, we developed an automatic and index‐based system called EasySort AUTO, where individual microbial cells are sorted and then packaged in a microdroplet and automatically exported in a precisely indexed, “One‐Cell‐One‐Tube” manner. The target cell is automatically identified based on an AI‐assisted object detection model and then mobilized via an optical tweezer for sorting. Then, a cross‐interface contact microfluidic printing method that we developed enables the automated transfer of cells from the chip to the tube, which leads to coupling with subsequent single‐cell culture or sequencing. The efficiency of the system for single‐cell printing is >93%. The throughput of the system for single‐cell printing is ~120 cells/h. Moreover, >80% of single cells of both yeast and Escherichia coli are culturable, suggesting the superior preservation of cell viability during sorting. Finally, AI‐assisted object detection supports automated sorting of target cells with high accuracy from mixed yeast samples, which was validated by downstream single‐cell proliferation assays. The automation, index maintenance, and vitality preservation of EasySort AUTO suggest its excellent application potential for single‐cell sorting.
Technical note: The contribution of internal bremsstrahlung to the 90Y dose point kernel
Authors: Auditore Lucrezia , Amato Ernesto , Pistone Daniele , Italiano Antonio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundInternal dosimetry has an increasing role in the planning and verification of nuclear medicine therapies with radiopharmaceuticals. Dose Point Kernels (DPKs), quantifying the energy deposition all around a point source, in a homogenous medium, are extensively used for 3D dosimetry and nowadays are mostly evaluated by Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. To our knowledge, DPK for beta emitters is estimated neglecting the continuous photon emission due to the Internal Bremsstrahlung (IB), whose contribution to the absorbed dose can be relevant beyond the maximum range of betas, as evidenced in recent works.PurposeAim of this study was to investigate and quantify, by means of MC simulations, the contribution of IB photons to DPK calculated for 90Y and provide the updated 90Y DPK.MethodsThe overall radiation due to the decay of a 90Y point source, placed at the centre of concentric water shells of increasing radii from 0.02 cm to 20 cm, was simulated with GAMOS, including the IB source term whose spectral distribution was described by an analytical model. Energy deposition was scored in the shells as a function of the distance from the source, R, and DPK was estimated in terms of the scaled absorbed dose fraction, F(R/X90), where X90 is the range within which the beta particles deposit 90% of their energy.ResultsA comparison between the two simulated absorbed dose distributions, calculated with or without IB, clearly shows that the latter (incomplete) choice is consistent with the findings of other Authors and systematically underestimates the absorbed dose imparted to the tissue. 90Y DPK values currently used are underestimated by 20%‐34% for R>2X90.ConclusionsThe revised values provided in this work suggest that the inclusion of IB emission in DPK evaluations is advisable for pure beta emitters.
Sonographic reference values of nerve size in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Abdelnaby Ramy , ELgenidy Anas , Mohamed Khaled A. , Sonbol Yousef T. , Elwshahi Mohamed M. , Elnouty Mohamed M. , Aboutaleb Aya M. , Ebrahim Mohamed A. , Dardeer Khaled T. , Heikal Hamed A. , Gawish Hazem M. , Cartwright Michael S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsNerve ultrasound is useful in the diagnosis and follow‐up of peripheral nerve disorders in children. The aim of this study was to explore and analyze the current literature on nerve cross‐sectional area (CSA) in healthy children, with the goal of presenting reference values and discussing their implications.MethodsWe performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies that reported ultrasound measurements of the upper or lower limb nerves in healthy children through a search of Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Scopus.ResultsSixteen studies with measurements of 10 nerves covering a total of 5149 nerves measured in 823 healthy children (445 boys and 378 girls) were included. Mean nerve CSA increased with age in the median nerve at the middle and lower third of the upper arm, mid‐forearm, and distal wrist crease, the ulnar nerve at the middle third of the upper arm and elbow, the radial nerve at the spiral groove, and the tibial nerve at the popliteal fossa. Growth charts for nerve CSA for different age groups were developed.DiscussionThis meta‐analysis provides robust reference values for nerve CSA at different sites in children, and this can inform clinical practice and assist in identifying nerve enlargement. Moreover, it identifies the strength and quality of the current published data. We recommend future studies divide their samples into smaller age subgroups and standardize the anatomic site of measurement.
A well‐balanced and entropy stable scheme for a reduced blood flow model
Authors: Bürger Raimund , Valbuena Sonia , Vega Carlos A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA well‐known reduced model of the flow of blood in arteries can be formulated as a strictly hyperbolic system of two scalar balance laws in one space dimension where the unknowns are the cross‐sectional area of the artery and the average blood flow velocity as functions of the axial coordinate and time. This system is endowed with an entropy pair such that solutions of the balance equations satisfy an entropy inequality in the distributional sense. It is demonstrated that this property can be utilized to construct an entropy stable finite difference scheme for the blood flow model based on the general framework by Tadmor (E. Tadmor, Math. Comput., 49 (1987), 91–103). Furthermore, a fourth‐order extension of the resulting entropy conservative flux and a fourth‐order sign‐preserving reconstruction of the scaled entropy variables are employed as well as a second‐order strong stability preserving Runge–Kutta method for time discretization. The result is a computationally inexpensive and easy‐to‐implement explicit entropy stable scheme for the blood flow model. It is proven that the scheme is well‐balanced (i.e., preserves certain steady solutions of the model) and numerical examples are presented.
Azobenzene functionalized poly(diphenylacetylene): Polymer synthesis and tunable fluorescent emission
Authors: Chen Manyu , Wang Xiao , Yang Fulin , Zhang Jie , Sun Jing Zhi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe prepared an azobenzene‐functionalized poly(diphenyl‐substituted acetylene) (named as PDPA‐azo) through the post‐polymerization modification route by using the activated ester strategy. The structures of the derived PDPA‐azo were fully characterized with comprehensive spectroscopic methods including NMR, FTIR, UV–vis, TGA, and so on. PDPA‐azo showed photo‐isomerization behavior due to the azobenzene moiety in the side chain. Since the short spacer between polymer main‐chain and side‐chain, PDPA‐azo could not form liquid‐crystal phase despite the presence of azobenzene mesogen in the polymer structure. It was noted that the modification of the precursor polymer PDPA‐PFP with primary amine‐functionalized azobenzene converted the fluorescence behavior from aggregation‐induced emission enhancement to aggregation‐caused quenching. The control experimental results suggested that the changes in fluorescent behaviors after irradiating under 365 and 254 nm UV lamps could be correlated to the photo‐induced isomerization of the azobenzene group. As a result, the fluorescence properties of PDPA‐azo can be adjusted by different external stimuli.
Liquid crystalline phase behavior and hydration of hydroxypropyl cellulose in water: A liquid and solid NMR investigation
Authors: Martin‐Pastor Manuel , Stoyanov Edmont 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) is a functional material with numerous applications as a drug solubilizer, thickener, and stabilizer. Herein, the mobile and rigid regions of HPC are investigated using liquid‐ and solid‐state NMR, respectively, in the high‐viscosity regime of concentrated aqueous samples, below and above the formation of an ordered chiral liquid‐crystalline (LC) mesophase. Liquid NMR 13C relaxation and hydration studies reveal that hydroxypropyl pendant chains remain more fluid than the pyranose sugar rings at concentrations below the formation of the LC phase. The inner part of the pendant chains close to the cellulose backbone exhibits a higher water structuration and a lower water renewal than the outer part and the pyranoses, which likely compensates for their higher hydrophobicity. When the LC phase is formed, the sample viscosity increases and the differences in flexibility and hydration of the pendant chains are reduced with respect to the pyranoses, while the whole system is rigidified. The system is not completely rigid even at concentrations above the formation of LC, as the interaction of water with the pyranoses considerably enhances their fluidity. In contrast, the pendant chains are much less affected.
Combination of historical and modern data to decipher the geomorphic evolution of the Innere Ölgruben rock glacier, Kaunertal, Austria, over almost a century (1922–2021)
Authors: Fleischer Fabian , Haas Florian , Altmann Moritz , Rom Jakob , Knoflach Bettina , Becht Michael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRock glaciers are cryo‐conditioned downslope‐creeping landforms in high mountains. Their dynamics are changing due to external factors influenced by climate change. Although there has been a growing scientific interest in mountain permafrost and thus in rock glaciers in recent years, their historical development, especially before the first alpine‐wide aerial image flights in the 1950s, has hardly been researched. Therefore, we utilize a historical stereophotogrammetric map from 1922 and historical flow velocity profiles (1938–1953) and relate them to data derived from historical aerial photographs and airborne laser scanning data in several time slices between 1953 and 2021. By doing so, the development of flow velocity, surface elevation changes, and frontal advance of the two lobes of the composite rock glacier Inner Ölgrube, Kaunertal, Austria, is analyzed and compared over almost a century. Results indicate an increased frontal advance in the laterally confined area of one lobe and a severe subsidence in the upper area of both lobes between 1922 and 1953. Whereas the former could be explained by a combination of the short warm phase in the 1940s and 1950s and the (subsurface) topography, the latter might be attributed to the strong melting of superimposed debris‐covered dead ice bodies, a relict of the Little Ice Age (LIA) glaciation. Both factors might also contribute to the increased flow velocities between 1938 and 1953, which are still recognizable in the 1953–1970 time step. Although both lobes follow a general similar trend, which is in line with the alpine‐wide trend of flow velocity acceleration in the 1990s, differences in the geomorphic development of the two lobes were identified. In addition to a slightly varying evolution of the flow velocities, the timing and magnitude of the volume changes are different. Furthermore, both lobes display a dissimilar mechanism of frontal advance over the entire study period. Because the external forcing is identical, the varying development might be attributed to variations in internal structure, bedrock topography, or upslope connection of the lobes. Due to the lateral constriction, the subsurface topography, and the LIA maximum extent of the glacier, it is assumed that the geomorphic development of the Innere Ölgruben rock glacier, particularly before 1953, represents a special case, and the results are not simply transferable to other rock glaciers.
Preoperative inspiratory muscle training in a patient with lung cancer and comorbid chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and respiratory sarcopenia: A case report
Authors: Okura Kazuki , Takahashi Yusuke , Hatakeyama Kazutoshi , Saito Kimio , Kasukawa Yuji , Imai Kazuhiro , Minamiya Yoshihiro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionSarcopenia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are risk factors for postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). Preoperative inspiratory muscle weakness is also a risk factor for PPCs. Sarcopenia and COPD are often associated with inspiratory muscle weakness. Respiratory sarcopenia has been defined as the coexistence of whole‐body sarcopenia and respiratory muscle weakness. We report our experience with preoperative pulmonary rehabilitation, including inspiratory muscle training (IMT), in a patient with lung cancer and comorbid respiratory sarcopenia and COPD.Case presentationA 73‐year‐old man with squamous cell lung cancer (cStage IA2) was hospitalized for pulmonary rehabilitation before lung resection. He had comorbid severe sarcopenia and COPD (GOLD stage III). He also had inspiratory muscle weakness and a thin diaphragm. We conducted IMT on the patient in addition to aerobic exercise and instruction regarding sputum expectoration for 2 weeks before the surgery. Consequently, his pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, and exercise capacity improved. Segmentectomy was performed using video‐assisted thoracic surgery. No postoperative complications occurred.ConclusionIMT in a patient with lung cancer and comorbid respiratory sarcopenia and COPD resulted in improved respiratory muscle strength and pulmonary function. IMT may have reduced the risk of PPCs by strengthening the respiratory muscles and improving pulmonary function.
A case report of hypocalcemia after chemotherapy with albumin‐bound paclitaxel
Authors: Wang Zhongchao , Zhu Huanfeng , Wu Jing , Du Mingyu , Guo Wenjie , Dai Zhaoxia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHypocalcemia is a fatal electrolytic disorder defined as corrected serum total calcium levels <2.12 mmol/L (8.5 mg/dl). Drug‐induced hypocalcemia is uncommon. A female patient was admitted to Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and diagnosed with nasopharyngeal carcinoma; she developed hypocalcemia after chemotherapy with albumin‐bound paclitaxel. Its diagnosis is incredibly difficult. Confirmatory diagnosis depends on serum total calcium levels and electrocardiogram.
Multistep molecular mechanism of amyloid‐like aggregation of nucleic acid‐binding domain of TDP‐43
Authors: Pillai Meenakshi , Jha Santosh Kumar 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTDP‐43 protein is associated with many neurodegenerative diseases and has been shown to adopt various oligomeric and fibrillar states. However, a detailed kinetic understanding of the structural transformation of the native form of the protein to the fibrillar state is missing. In this study, we delineate the temporal sequence of structural events during the amyloid‐like assembly of the functional nucleic acid‐binding domain of TDP‐43. We kinetically mapped the aggregation process using multiple probes such as tryptophan and thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) targeting different structural events. Our data reveal that aggregation occurs in four distinct steps—very fast, fast, slow, and very slow. The “very fast” change results in partially unfolded forms that undergo conformational conversion, oligomerization and bind to ThT in the “fast step” to form higher order intermediates (HOI). The temporal sequence of the formation of ThT binding sites and conformational conversion depends upon the protein concentration. The HOI further undergoes structural rearrangement to form protofibrils in the “slow” step, which, consequently, assembles in the “very slow” step to form an amyloid‐like assembly. The spectroscopic properties of the amyloid‐like assembly across the protein concentration remain similar. Additionally, we observe no lag phase across protein concentration for all the probes studied, suggesting that the aggregation process follows a linear polymerization reaction. Overall, our study demonstrates that the amyloid‐like assembly forms in multiple steps, which is also supported by the temperature dependence of the kinetics.
Experimental tolerance design of robot manipulators accounting for positioning accuracy reliability
Authors: Huang Peng , Li He , Gu Yingkui , Qiu Guangqi , Ding Yiyuan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA new tolerance design method based on experimental design and positioning accuracy reliability is presented to deal with uncertainties of robot manipulators resulting from manufacturing and assembly processes. Initially, the performance function of positioning accuracy is established according to the kinematic model and response surface technique. An analytical algorithm for positioning accuracy reliability calculation is developed based on eigen‐decomposition and saddlepoint approximation methodologies. Inner orthogonal arrays of kinematic parameter tolerances along with the outer uniform arrays of joint variables are then constructed to analyze significant tolerances that affect the positioning accuracy reliability within the entire workspace. Finally, the applicability and performance of the proposed method are verified by case studies of a two‐link planar manipulator and a six‐degree‐of‐freedom robot manipulator. The results confirmed that the proposed method can efficiently and accurately analyze the positioning accuracy reliability, and the method recognizes the impact of kinematic parameters on the motion performance which is able to guide the tolerance range selection of robot manipulators.