bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Another Day, Another Currency: Self-interest, Experience, and Attitudes Toward Dollarization in Ecuador
Authors: Bessen Brett R. , Connell Brendan J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHow, if at all, does self-interest bear on individuals’ economic policy preferences? Though conventional theories of preference formation usually assume a role for self-interest, the informational demands associated with understanding economic policies can prevent individuals from forming attitudes on an egocentric basis. Building on work showing that policy-specific information facilitates egocentrism, we argue that personal experience with alternative policy options is necessary for self-interested preferences to materialize. To test this argument, we leverage Ecuador’s adoption of the U.S. dollar (i.e., dollarization) and examine whether material-based preferences toward exchange rate policy are conditional on individuals experiencing the transition from the Ecuadorian sucre to the dollar. We find that lived experience with dollarization causes policy preferences to align more closely with citizens’ self-interest, as proxied by measures of capital ownership and skill level. In addition, personal experience with dollarization drives attitudes against a dollarized economy, but primarily among poor and low-skill workers—precisely the groups that benefit less from this policy shift. Rather than entirely discredit the role of economic self-interest, these findings suggest that scholars devote greater attention to how contextual factors can strengthen egocentric policy attitudes.
Health, consciousness, and the evolution of subjects
Authors: Veit Walter 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe goal of this programmatic paper is to highlight a close connection between the core problem in the philosophy of medicine, i.e. the concept of health, and the core problem of the philosophy of mind, i.e. the concept of consciousness. I show when we look at these phenomena together, taking the evolutionary perspective of modern state-based behavioural and life-history theory used as the teleonomic tool to Darwinize the agent- and subject-side of organisms, we will be in a better position to make sense of them both as natural phenomena.
Energizing a transformation to a circular bioeconomy: mechanisms to spread, deepen and broaden initiatives
Authors: Schagen O. M. , Metze T. A. P. , de Olde E. M. , Termeer C. J. A. M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTransformative change is necessary to reach a circular bioeconomy. In this context, a variety of societal and business initiatives have emerged, which in their everyday practices aim to increase their circular impact. These emerging circular initiatives, so-called small wins, continuously spread, deepen and broaden and as such contribute to transformative change. A small win spreads by becoming larger and more numerous, deepens by becoming more radical and circular, and broadens by connecting with other themes and domains. This paper explores how mechanisms drive these processes and, more in particular, how circular initiatives stay or become more transformative while developing. By building on existing literature about mechanisms that contribute to the development of initiatives—we extend the small wins framework by focusing on the interplay between mechanisms and spreading, deepening and broadening. We applied this framework to two illustrative cases in the Netherlands: a circular laying hen farm, Kipster, and the community farming initiative, Herenboeren. We empirically explored how the interplay of mechanisms constitutes continuous transformative change. The results indicate that deepening the small win is mainly driven by learning by doing; spreading takes place through professionalization and broadening by partnering. Both case studies indicate that the energizing and logic of attraction mechanisms are key in continuous transformative change.
Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety-Related Disorders: A Meta-Analysis of Recent Literature
Authors: Bhattacharya Shalini , Goicoechea Carmen , Heshmati Saeideh , Carpenter Joseph K. , Hofmann Stefan G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Effective treatment of anxiety-related disorders is crucial, considering the prevalence of such disorders and their association with poor psychosocial functioning. To evaluate the most recent evidence on the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for anxiety-related disorders in adults, we conducted a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials published since 2017.

Recent Findings
Ten studies with a total of 1250 participants met the inclusion criteria. Seven of these studies examined PTSD. The findings demonstrated small placebo-controlled effects of CBT on target disorder symptoms (Hedges’ g = 0.24, p < 0.05) and depression (Hedges’ g = 0.15, p = n.s). When examining only PTSD studies, effects were reduced (Hedges’ g = 0.14, p < 0.05). Heterogeneity in most analyses was very low, and no publication bias was found.

Summary
Effect sizes from placebo-controlled trials from the past 5 years appear to be smaller than those in prior meta-analyses. The findings are largely driven by research on PTSD, with few placebo-controlled trials of other anxiety-related disorders published since 2017.
Advanced functional nanofibers: strategies to improve performance and expand functions
Authors: Chen Xinyu , Cao Honghao , He Yue , Zhou Qili , Li Zhangcheng , Wang Wen , He Yu , Tao Guangming , Hou Chong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNanofibers have a wide range of applications in many fields such as energy generation and storage, environmental sensing and treatment, biomedical and health, thanks to their large specific surface area, excellent flexibility, and superior mechanical properties. With the expansion of application fields and the upgrade of application requirements, there is an inevitable trend of improving the performance and functions of nanofibers. Over the past few decades, numerous studies have demonstrated how nanofibers can be adapted to more complex needs through modifications of their structures, materials, and assembly. Thus, it is necessary to systematically review the field of nanofibers in which new ideas and technologies are emerging. Here we summarize the recent advanced strategies to improve the performances and expand the functions of nanofibers. We first introduce the common methods of preparing nanofibers, then summarize the advances in the field of nanofibers, especially up-to-date strategies for further enhancing their functionalities. We classify these strategies into three categories: design of nanofiber structures, tuning of nanofiber materials, and improvement of nanofibers assemblies. Finally, the optimization methods, materials, application areas, and fabrication methods are summarized, and existing challenges and future research directions are discussed. We hope this review can provide useful guidance for subsequent related work.Graphical abstract
Quantitative Sobolev Extensions and the Neumann Heat Kernel for Integral Ricci Curvature Conditions
Authors: Post Olaf , Olivé Xavier Ramos , Rose Christian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe prove the existence of Sobolev extension operators for certain uniform classes of domains in a Riemannian manifold with an explicit uniform bound on the norm depending only on the geometry near their boundaries. We use this quantitative estimate to obtain uniform Neumann heat kernel upper bounds and gradient estimates for positive solutions of the Neumann heat equation assuming integral Ricci curvature conditions and geometric conditions on the possibly non-convex boundary. Those estimates also imply quantitative lower bounds on the first Neumann eigenvalue of the considered domains.
Lorentzian Metrics Null-Projectively Related to Semi-Riemannian Metrics
Authors: Olea Benjamín , Palomo Francisco J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe say that a Lorentzian metric and a semi-Riemannian metric on the same manifold M are null-projectively related if every null geodesic of the Lorentzian metric is an unparametrized geodesic of the semi-Riemannian one. This definition includes the case of conformally related Lorentzian metrics and the case of projectively equivalent metrics. We characterize the null-projectively relation by means of certain tensor and provide some examples. Then, we focus on the special case in which both metrics share parametrized null geodesics. In this case, it is said that they are null related. We show how to construct projectively equivalent metrics via a conformal transformation from null-related ones and conversely. The classical Levi-Civita theorem on projectively equivalent metrics is adapted to the case of null-related metrics and some results ensuring that two null-related metric are affinely equivalent are proven under curvature conditions.
A Systematic Review on Participant Diversity in Clinical Trials—Have We Made Progress for the Management of Obesity and Its Metabolic Sequelae in Diet, Drug, and Surgical Trials
Authors: Johnson-Mann Crystal N. , Cupka Julie S. , Ro Alexandra , Davidson Andrea E. , Armfield Brooke A. , Miralles Frank , Markal Asena , Fierman Kiara E. , Hough Victoria , Newsom Mackenzie , Verma Isha , Dozic Abdul-Vehab , Bihorac Azra 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objective
Individuals from Black and Hispanic backgrounds represent a minority of the overall US population, yet are the populations most affected by the disease of obesity and its comorbid conditions. Black and Hispanic individuals remain underrepresented among participants in obesity clinical trials, despite the mandate by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Revitalization Act of 1993. This systematic review evaluates the racial, ethnic, and gender diversity of clinical trials focused on obesity at a national level.

Methods
Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic review of clinicaltrials.gov, PubMed, Cochrane Central, and Web of Science was undertaken to locate phase 3 and phase 4 clinical trials on the topic of obesity that met associated inclusion/exclusion criteria. Ultimately, 18 studies were included for review.

Results
White non-Hispanic individuals represented the majority of clinical trial participants, as did females. No study classified participants by gender identity. Reporting of race/ethnicity was not uniform, with noted variability among racial/ethnic subgroups.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that disparities remain in the diverse racial, ethnic, and gender representation of participants engaged in clinical trials on obesity relative to the prevalence of obesity in underrepresented populations. Commitment to inclusive and intentional recruiting practices is needed to increase the representation of underrepresented groups, thus increasing the generalizability of future research.
Study on non-iterative algorithms for center-of-sets type-reduction of Takagi–Sugeno–Kang type general type-2 fuzzy logic systems
Authors: Chen Yang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe paper performs the center-of-sets (COS) type-reduction (TR) and de-fuzzification for Takagi–Sugeno–Kang (TSK) type general type-2 fuzzy logic systems (GT2 FLSs) on the basis of the $$\alpha$$
α
-planes expression of general type-2 fuzzy sets. Actually, comparing the popular Karnik–Mendel (KM) algorithms with other non-iterative algorithms is an important question in T2 society. Here the modules of fuzzy inference, COS TR, and de-fuzzification for TSK type GT2 FLSs are discussed by means of non-iterative Nagar–Bardini (NB) algorithms, Nie–Tan (NT) algorithms, and Begian–Melek–Mendel (BMM) algorithms. Simulation instances are constructed to illustrate the performances of three types of non-iterative algorithms compared with the KM algorithms. It is proved that, the proposed non-iterative algorithms can enhance the computational efficiencies significantly, which afford the potential application value for designers of GT2 FLSs.
Unified treatment of Artin-type problems
Authors: Järviniemi Olli , Perucca Antonella 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSince Hooley’s seminal 1967 resolution of Artin’s primitive root conjecture under the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis, numerous variations of the conjecture have been considered. We present a framework generalizing and unifying many previously considered variants, and prove results in this full generality (under GRH).
A framework for reconstructing transmission networks in infectious diseases
Authors: Najem Sara , Monni Stefano , Hatoum Rola , Sweidan Hawraa , Faour Ghaleb , Abdallah Chadi , Ghosn Nada , Hassan Hamad , Touma Jihad 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a general framework for the reconstruction of the underlying cross-regional transmission network contributing to the spread of an infectious disease. We employ an autoregressive model that allows to decompose the mean number of infections into three components that describe: intra-locality infections, inter-locality infections, and infections from other sources such as travelers arriving to a country from abroad. This model is commonly used in the identification of spatiotemporal patterns in seasonal infectious diseases and thus in forecasting infection counts. However, our contribution lies in identifying the inter-locality term as a time-evolving network, and rather than using the model for forecasting, we focus on the network properties without any assumption on seasonality or recurrence of the disease. The topology of the network is then studied to get insight into the disease dynamics. Building on this, and particularly on the centrality of the nodes of the identified network, a strategy for intervention and disease control is devised.
System asymptotic stability analysis of a kind of complex production processes based on multi-dimensional moving pattern
Authors: Wu Jinxia , Li Jianwei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a new method to study the system stability of a kind of complex production processes. The system dynamics is described by multi-dimensional pattern class variables instead of state variables or output variables. The system asymptotic stability is defined by system matrix and output class partition. Firstly, “pattern moving space” is constructed by a new maximum entropy clustering method. Multi-dimensional pattern class variables measured by pattern class centers are defined in this new space. Then the nonlinear state space model of the relevant control system is derived and established through two-step prediction model. On the basis of the original stability in Euclidean space, the multi-dimensional pattern moving state space is defined and Lyapunov stability is given in this space. Finally, experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed conditions.
Essence, Triviality, and Fundamentality
Authors: Coates Ashley 
Published: December 2022

AbstractI defend a new account of constitutive essence on which an entity’s constitutively essential properties are its most fundamental, nontrivial necessary properties. I argue that this account accommodates the Finean counterexamples to classic modalism about essence, provides an independently plausible account of constitutive essence, and does not run into clear counterexamples. I conclude that this theory provides a promising way forward for attempts to produce an adequate nonprimitivist, modalist account of essence. As both triviality and fundamentality in the account are understood in terms of grounding, the theory also potentially has important implications for the relation between essence and grounding.
Canadian Stroke Best Practice Recommendations: Acute Stroke Management, 7th Edition Practice Guidelines Update, 2022
Authors: Heran Manraj , Lindsay Patrice , Gubitz Gord , Yu Amy , Ganesh Aravind , Lund Rebecca , Arsenault Sacha , Bickford Doug , Derbyshire Donnita , Doucette Shannon , Ghrooda Esseddeeg , Harris Devin , Kanya-Forstner Nick , Kaplovitch Eric , Liederman Zachary , Martiniuk Shauna , McClelland Marie , Milot Genevieve , Minuk Jeffrey , Otto Erica , Perry Jeffrey , Schlamp Rob , Tampieri Donatella , van Adel Brian , Volders David , Whelan Ruth , Yip Samuel , Foley Norine , Smith Eric E. , Dowlatshahi Dar , Mountain Anita , Hill Michael D. , Martin Chelsy , Shamy Michel 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT:The 2022 update of the Canadian Stroke Best Practice Recommendations (CSBPR) for Acute Stroke Management, 7th edition, is a comprehensive summary of current evidence-based recommendations, appropriate for use by an interdisciplinary team of healthcare providers and system planners caring for persons with an acute stroke or transient ischemic attack. These recommendations are a timely opportunity to reassess current processes to ensure efficient access to acute stroke diagnostics, treatments, and management strategies, proven to reduce mortality and morbidity. The topics covered include prehospital care, emergency department care, intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy (EVT), prevention and management of inhospital complications, vascular risk factor reduction, early rehabilitation, and end-of-life care. These recommendations pertain primarily to an acute ischemic vascular event. Notable changes in the 7th edition include recommendations pertaining the use of tenecteplase, thrombolysis as a bridging therapy prior to mechanical thrombectomy, dual antiplatelet therapy for stroke prevention,1 the management of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage following thrombolysis, acute stroke imaging, care of patients undergoing EVT, medical assistance in dying, and virtual stroke care. An explicit effort was made to address sex and gender differences wherever possible. The theme of the 7th edition of the CSBPR is building connections to optimize individual outcomes, recognizing that many people who present with acute stroke often also have multiple comorbid conditions, are medically more complex, and require a coordinated interdisciplinary approach for optimal recovery. Additional materials to support timely implementation and quality monitoring of these recommendations are available at www.strokebestpractices.ca.
Gendered fertility intentions and child schooling: insights on the quantity–quality trade-off from Ethiopia
Authors: Boonaert Eva , Van Hoyweghen Kaat , Feyisa Ashenafi Duguma , Goos Peter , Maertens Miet 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFertility decline in human history is a complex enigma. Different triggers have been proposed, among others the increased demand for human capital resulting in parents making a quantity–quality (QQ) trade-off. This is the first study that examines the existence of a QQ trade-off and the possible gender bias by analyzing fertility intentions rather than fertility outcomes. We rely on the unified growth theory to understand the QQ trade-off conceptually and a discrete choice experiment conducted among 426 respondents in Ethiopia to analyze fertility intentions empirically. We confirm the existence of a QQ trade-off only when the number of children is less than six and find that intentions are gendered in two ways: (i) boys are preferred over girls, and (ii) men are willing to trade-off more education in return for more children. Results imply that a focus on both stimulating intentions for education, especially girls' education, and on family size intentions is important to accelerate the demographic transition.
The complete separation of the two finer asymptotic structures for <
Authors: Argyros Spiros A. , Georgiou Alexandros , Manoussakis Antonis , Motakis Pavlos 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
For

$1\le p <\infty $

, we present a reflexive Banach space

$\mathfrak {X}^{(p)}_{\text {awi}}$

, with an unconditional basis, that admits

$\ell _p$

as a unique asymptotic model and does not contain any Asymptotic

$\ell _p$

subspaces. Freeman et al., Trans. AMS.370 (2018), 6933–6953 have shown that whenever a Banach space not containing

$\ell _1$

, in particular a reflexive Banach space, admits

$c_0$

as a unique asymptotic model, then it is Asymptotic

$c_0$

. These results provide a complete answer to a problem posed by Halbeisen and Odell [Isr. J. Math.139 (2004), 253–291] and also complete a line of inquiry of the relation between specific asymptotic structures in Banach spaces, initiated in a previous paper by the first and fourth authors. For the definition of

$\mathfrak {X}^{(p)}_{\text {awi}}$

, we use saturation with asymptotically weakly incomparable constraints, a new method for defining a norm that remains small on a well-founded tree of vectors which penetrates any infinite dimensional closed subspace.
Near-surface seismic anisotropy in Antarctic glacial snow and ice revealed by high-frequency ambient noise
Authors: Chaput Julien , Aster Rick , Karplus Marianne , Nakata Nori , Gerstoft P. , Bromirski P. D. , Nyblade A. , Stephen R. A. , Wiens D. A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAmbient seismic recordings taken at broad locations across Ross Ice Shelf and a dense array near West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide, Antarctica, show pervasive temporally variable resonance peaks associated with trapped seismic waves in near-surface firn layers. These resonance peaks feature splitting on the horizontal components, here interpreted as frequency-dependent anisotropy in the firn and underlying ice due to several overlapping mechanisms driven by ice flow. Frequency peak splitting magnitudes and fast/slow axes were systematically estimated at single stations using a novel algorithm and compared with good agreement with active source anisotropy measurements at WAIS Divide determined via active sources recorded on a 1 km circular array. The approach was further applied to the broad Ross Ice Shelf (RIS) array, where anisotropy axes were directly compared with visible surface features and ice shelf flow lines. The near-surface firn, depicted by anisotropy above 30 Hz, was shown to exhibit a novel plastic stretching mechanism of anisotropy, whereby the fast direction in snow aligns with accelerating ice shelf flow.
A Woman’s Place Is at the Negotiating Table: Evidence from Colombian Peace Processes
Authors: Gillooly Shauna N. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA substantial amount of scholarly work has been conducted on considerations (or lack thereof) of gender in the context of peace negotiations. While gender-specific concerns, particularly those focused on women’s empowerment, are now emphasized in the language of international and national organizations involved in peacebuilding (e.g., UN Security Council Resolution 1325), many times this language is just “talk.” Often, on-the-ground practice and policy does not reflect the lived experiences of women in post-accord or transitional contexts. This article analyzes the change in roles and the roles available to women in pre-negotiation and framework-setting negotiation processes between the Colombian government and nonstate armed actors. The study examines the negotiations between the Colombian government under the Juan Manuel Santos administration and the Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarios de Colombia (FARC) in 2012–2016 to interrogate the ways that women, feminist groups, and women’s organizations play a role in pre-negotiation processes.