bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding glacier retreat in the Bhutan Himalaya through regional inventory and influence of glacial lakes.
Authors: Jadhav Janhavi , Shirsat Tejal , N Remya S , Kulkarni Anil 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The present study demonstrates the importance of glacier inventories in understanding and managing glaciers in the Himalayan region, specifically in the Pho Chu Basin (PCB) of Bhutan Himalaya. The study utilised, Sentinel-2A imagery of 2021 to create a novel inventory of glaciers in the PCB, and further modified the boundaries of 35 (area > 1 km2) glaciers for the years 1991 and 2006. The results suggest, 184 glaciers covering an area of 192.07 + 15.50 km2 in the PCB, with the areal extent of the 34 glaciers (excluding Thorthormi Glacier) decreasing from 153.32 + 8.60 km2 to 139.97 + 8.44 km2 (1991-2021), indicating an area loss of 8.7 % in the basin. Further, we have observed the topographic parameters of each glacier. Interestingly, the glaciers retreated at a rate of -14.62 + 11.39 ma-1 (1991-2021), and small glaciers retreat much faster than large glaciers in PCB. Our observation reveals that glacier with lakes in this region are subjected to more retreat when compared to clean and debris covered glaciers. The alarming retreat of the Thorthormi Glacier has been the subject of multiple GLOF events and is analysed separately in the present study. Overall, the study demonstrates the importance of glacier inventories as a database for researchers, policymakers, and local communities about the location, extent, area, length, orientation, and other characteristics of glaciers.
Formulation and evaluation of novel nutraceuticals rich in protein, vitamins, minerals, natural flavors, and steviol glycosides for improving quality of life
Authors: Almoselhy Rania I.M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
For a wide range of people, including malnourished adults with non-communicable diseases (NCDs), micronutrient deficiency, underweight and overweight people, pregnant and lactating women, and adolescents, the current research aimed to present innovative nutraceutical formulations devoted to improving the quality of life (QoL) while promoting health. The novel nutraceutical formulations were structured on a scientific basis with evidence-based health benefits, with daily values (DVs) according to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), containing a high-quality whey protein concentrate (WPC 70%), skim milk powder (SMP 34%), vitamins (folic acid, B12, C), minerals (iron, zinc), natural flavors (vanilla, cinnamon, coffee, chocolate), and stevia leaf extract sweetener. The novel formulations were subjected to the physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory evaluation. The results showed significant differences (P < 0.05) among formulations with natural flavors added in different amounts to provide 10 g of protein (20% DV), elemental iron and zinc, vitamin C, folic acid, and vitamin B12 (25% DV), with elemental calcium (20% DV) emerged from milk derivatives. The serving sizes of the four formulas were different according to the difference in the amount of natural flavor while keeping the same amounts of the other ingredients. Following the chocolate-flavored formulation as the first in order of overall acceptability, were coffee, cinnamon, and vanilla-flavored formulation, according to the sensory evaluation.
WITHDRAWN: Lingual Foramina of the Mandible: Anatomic Variations in a Turkish Population
Authors: KURT Bilgesu , KARACA Inci Rana , GULEN Orhan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Determination of the location, frequency, and number of a lingual foramen in the mandible in a Turkish population using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).
Methods: From the CBCT images obtained from patients who applied to the Private Dentistomo Imaging Establishment for any reason between July 2020 and July 2021, 400 images that met the inclusion criteria were randomly selected. The medial lingual foramina (MLF), paramedian lingual foramina (PLF), and posterior lingual foramina (POLF) were analyzed using CS 3D Dental Imaging Software (NY Rochester, USA). Frequency, location, classification, distance to the alveolar crest, distance to the mandibula basis, and diameter values were analyzed.
Results: This study examined 400 subjects, 227 (56.75%) males and 173 (43.25%) females. A total of 1253 lingual foramen (544 MLF, 338 PLF, 371 POLF) were detected in the CBCT images of 400 patients. The minimum number of MLFs was 0, and the maximum number of MLFs was 5. MLFs were found in 84.5% of the analyzed images. In our study, PLFs were most common in the central incisors region with a rate of 45.9%, and POLFs were found in the second premolar region with a rate of 37.4%.
Conclusions: Together with this study, it has been shown that the prevalence of lingual foramina is high in the Turkish population. Therefore, caution should be exercised during implant treatment, especially in the mandibular interforaminal region.
Alternative polyadenylation regulates acetyl-CoA carboxylase function in peanut
Authors: Peng Zhenying , Yu Shuang , Meng Jingjing , Jia Kaihua , Zhang Jialei , Li Xinguo , Gao Wenwei , Wan Shubo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Polyadenylation is an important mechanism by which mRNA molecules are terminated at their 3′-ends. Alternative polyadenylation (APA) can produce multiple transcripts from the same locus with different polyadenylation sites (PASs) and result in several 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs) varying by length and composition. APA affects approximately 60–70% of eukaryotic genes, with fundamental consequences on cell proliferation, differentiation, and tumorigenesis.
Results
In this study, we performed long-read, single-molecule sequencing of mRNA from peanut seeds, which revealed that more than half of all peanut genes have more than two PASs, with more PASs in older developing seeds, indicating that the PAS is highly tissue specific and plays an important role in peanut seed maturation. We identified four 3′ UTRs for the peanut acetyl-CoA carboxylase A1 (AhACCA1) gene, designated UTR1–4. RT-PCR analysis showed that UTR1-containing transcripts are expressed mainly in roots, leaves, and early developing seeds; transcripts with UTR2/3 accumulated mainly in roots, flowers, seeds; and transcripts harboring UTR4 were constitutively expressed. We transiently expressed all four UTRs in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, which indicated that each UTR affects protein abundance but not subcellular location. We also transformed yeast cells with each UTR for functional verification. UTR2 promoted the expression level of AhACCA1 compared to a yeast transcription terminator, whereas UTR3 did not. We determined ACC gene structures from seven plant species, detecting 51 PASs for 15 ACC genes from four plant species, indicating that APA of the ACC gene family is universal in plants.
Conclusion
Our data reveal that APA is universal in peanut seeds and plays important role in peanut seed maturation. We identified four 3′ UTRs for AhACCA1 gene, each of them showed different tissue-specific expression pattern. Using subcellular location experiment and yeast transformation test, we identified that UTR2 had a stronger effect in gene expression than the other three ones.
The rheological properties of two typical viscoelastic fluids-Giesekus fluid and FENE-P fluid
Authors: Shen Yang , Wang Qikun , Liu Tangjin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Viscoelastic fluid is widely used in petrochemical, food and medical fields due to its turbulent drag reduction, elastic turbulence and other characteristics, and have always been of great interest to scholars. In addition to exhibiting elasticity (Wi) and viscosity (Re), the flow characteristics of viscoelastic fluids also show strong shear-thinning behavior, which leads to the change of viscosity in the fluid and has a significant effect on the flow of the fluid in the flow field. Unlike traditional generalized Newtonian fluid models, the viscosity changes in viscoelastic fluid models are not directly reflected in their constitutive equations. Therefore, the study of viscoelastic fluid rheology is of great significance. In this article, a physical model of shear-driven flow between two infinitely parallel plates with minimal gap is used to study the shear-thinning behavior of two typical viscoelastic fluid models - Giesekus fluid and FENE-P fluid, analyzing and comparing their characteristics and differences. The results shows that the two fluids exhibit a similar shear-thinning trend. When Wi is lower than the critical value Wicr, there is a " Newtonian-like fluid region " in both fluids. However, compared with Giesekus fluid, the Wicr of FENE-P fluid is about one order of magnitude smaller. Additionally, this article proposes a dimensionless apparent viscosity , which normalizes the influence of solvent viscosity ratio beta on shear-thinning effects in viscoelastic fluids. It is found that the shear-thinning effect is most significant in the range of 0.3 to 0.7 for . In addition, the maximum stretching length L of molecules in FENE-P fluid is discussed.
Deeping regional disparities in primary healthcare during COVID-19 in South Korea
Authors: Jin Hyun-Young , Ju Jongwng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the changes in regional disparities in primary healthcare in South Korea during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our descriptive analysis found that the supply of primary healthcare per capita by the private sector decreased in all regions in 2020, at the beginning of the pandemic. In the following years, the supply of private clinics in the Seoul Metropolitan Area and other metropolis cities increased compared to before COVID-19. However, the rate of increase in private clinics per person in small and medium-sized cities/rural areas (SMRs) was relatively low. The supply of private clinics for essential medical subjects decreased in SMRs compared to pre-COVID-19. The regional disparity in primary healthcare between metropolis cities and SMRs has worsened during the pandemic. The deepening regional disparities in access to primary healthcare, which are evaluated as the long-term footprint of COVID-19, could result in inequalities in health outcomes.
SVFLDetector: A Decentralized Client Detection Method for Byzantine Problem in Vertical Federated Learning
Authors: Xu Jiuyun , Jiang Yinyue , Fan Hanfei , Wang Qiqi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

In recent years, with the deepening of cross-industry cooperation, vertical federated learning with multiple overlapping samples and fewer overlapping features has attracted extensive attention. Unlike horizontal federated learning, the heterogeneity of features in vertical federated learning increases the difficulty of detecting Byzantine clients. Existing methods for detecting Byzantine clients can be devided into statistical based and detection based type. The detection based type breaks the limit on the number of Byzantine clients. To our best knowledge, current researches in vertical federated learning rely on the assumption of the reliable third-party coordinator and based on statistical type. In this work, we propose a framework based on detection type called SVFLDetector to detect Byzantine clients in vertical federated learning. The key ideas of SVFLDetector are: (1) We combine decentralized vertical federated learning with split learning, utilizing their respective advantages and eliminating the impact of a third-party server; (2) According to the heterogeneity of features in vertical federated learning, we use a client detection method which is achieved by grouping through feature encoding and performing cross validation within groups to identify Byzantine clients; (3) We propose a penalty function to reduce the impact of Byzantine clients on model aggregation. Numerical experiments show that our method has strong robustness against various Byzantine attacks.
The role of filler wire and scanning strategy in laser welding of difficult-to-weld aluminum alloys
Authors: Liverani Erica , Ascari Alessandro , Fortunato Alessandro 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Laser welding of dissimilar aluminum alloys gained an increased interest in the last few years, especially for the production of lightweight components. Pores and crack formation is one of the most critical factors to be taken into consideration in this type of application, in particular when one or more parts are produced by means of die casting or additive manufacturing. Current laser systems offer several methods for defects reduction and process control and optimized process’s strategies must be correlated to key-weld factors. In light of these factors, the current paper discusses the lap-joint welding of AA6082 sheets with AlSi10Mg ones produced additively in a configuration that is typical for the manufacture of battery housing for the e-mobility industry. Both autogenous laser welding and laser welding with filler wire are investigated, along with the potential advantages of using a wobbling scanning strategy, in order to understand the impact of process strategies on weld bead quality. The importance of process parameters is pointed out for any of the aforementioned strategies, with special emphasis on defects, weld bead chemical composition, joint morphology and dilution between involved materials. The findings demonstrated that, by selecting a welding with wire and active wobbling, high-reflection alloys can be welded correctly and with a good tolerance on the process parameters, but autogenous high-productivity welding can also be considered in linear scanning conditions with a specific optimization of the process parameters.
Is Free Trade in Exchange for Technology Licensing Feasible?
Authors: Wang Xingtang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In the model of vertical product differentiation, the quality of domestic products is inferior to that of foreign one. Our findings suggest that technology licensing from foreign firm to domestic one can enhance consumer surplus and social welfare. However, due to lower profits resulting from such licensing despite reduced tariff, foreign firm may be reluctant to engage in it. Further, we find that the domestic government can enhance social welfare by exchanging foreign firm's technology licensing for free with domestic firm through free trade under certain conditions, regardless of whether a fixed-fee or per-unit royalty licensing contract is used. This provides developing country firms with ideas on how to acquire technology from developed country firms.
Investigation and analysis of porcine epidemic diarrhea cases and evaluation of different immunization strategies in the large-scale swine farming system
Authors: Zhang Bingzhou , Qing Jie , Yan Zhong , Shi Yuntong , Wang Zewei , Chen Jing , Li Junxian , Li Shuangxi , Wu Weisheng , Hu Xiaofang , Li Yang , Zhang Xiaoyang , Wu Lili , Zhu Shouyue , Yan Zheng , Wang Yongquan , Guo Xiaoli , Yu Ligen , Li Xiaowen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a contagious intestinal disease caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) characterized by vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, and dehydration, which has caused huge economic losses around the world. However, it is very hard to find completely valid approaches to control the transmission of PEDV. At present, vaccine immunity remains the most effective method. To better control the spread of PED and evaluate the validity of different immunization strategies, 240 PED outbreak cases from 577 swine breeding farms were collected and analyzed. The objective of the present study was to analyze the epidemic regularity of PEDV and evaluate two kinds of different immunization strategies for controlling PED.
Results
The results showed that the main reasons which led to the outbreak of PED were the movement of pig herds between different pig farms (41.7%) and delaying piglets from the normal production flow (15.8%). The prevalence of PEDV in the hot season (May to October) was obviously higher than that in the cold season (January to April, November to December). Results of different vaccine immunity cases showed that immunization with the highly virulent live vaccine (NH-TA2020 strain) and the commercial inactivated vaccine could significantly decrease the frequency of swine breeding farms (5.9%), the duration of PED epidemic (1.70 weeks), and the week batches of dead piglets (0.48 weeks weaned piglets), compared with immunization with commercial attenuated vaccines and inactivated vaccine of PED. Meanwhile, immunization with the highly virulent live vaccine and the commercial inactivated vaccine could bring us more cash flows of ￥275,274 per year than immunization with commercial live attenuated vaccine and inactivated vaccine in one 3000 sow pig farm within one year.
Conclusion
Therefore, immunization with highly virulent live vaccine and inactivated vaccine of PED is more effective and economical in the prevention and control of PED in the large-scale swine farming system.
The importance of CXCR4 expression in tumor stroma as a potential biomarker in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Bodoque-Villar Raquel , Padilla-Valverde David , González-López Lucía María , Muñoz-Rodríguez Jose Ramón , Arias-Pardilla Javier , Villar-Rodríguez Clara , Gómez-Romero Francisco Javier , Verdugo-Moreno Gema , Redondo-Calvo Francisco Javier , Serrano-Oviedo Leticia 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the main causes of cancer mortality in the world. A characteristic feature of this cancer is that a large part of the tumor volume is composed of a stroma with different cells and factors. Among these, we can highlight the cytokines, which perform their function through binding to their receptors. Given the impact of the CXCR4 receptor in the interactions between tumor cells and their microenvironment and its involvement in important signaling pathways in cancer, it is proposed as a very promising prognostic biomarker and as a goal for new targeted therapies. Numerous studies analyse the expression of CXCR4 but we suggest focusing on the expression of CXCR4 in the stroma.
Methods. Expression of CXCR4 in specimens from 33 patients with PDAC was evaluated by immunohistochemistry techniques and matched with clinicopathological parameters, overall and disease-free survival rates.
Results. The percentage of stroma was lower in non-tumor tissue (32.4 ± 5.2) than in tumor pancreatic tissue (67.4 ± 4.8), P-value = 0.001. The level of CXCR4 expression in stromal cells was diminished in non-tumor tissue (8.7 ± 4.6) and higher in tumor pancreatic tissue (23.5 ± 6.1), P-value = 0.022. No significant differences were identified in total cell count and inflamatory cells between non-tumor tissue and pancreatic tumor tissue. No association was observed between CXCR4 expression and any of the clinical or pathological data, overall and disease-free survival rates. Analysing exclusively the stroma of tumor samples, the CXCR4 expression was associated with tumor differentiation, P-value = 0.05.
Conclusions. In this study we reflect the importance of CXCR4 expression in the stroma of patients diagnosed with PDAC. In the study of the CXCR4 expression in the stroma we found that more robust results could be generated. Considering the stroma as a component of the tumor mass in this type of cancer, the possible association found between CXCR4 expression in the stroma with tumor differentiation would lead us to propose this receptor as a candidate for the marker with prognostic value or as a possible therapeutic target.
Association of pronounced Elevation of NET formation and Nucleosome Biomarkers with Mortality in Patients with Septic Shock
Authors: Rahimi Muzhda Haem , Bidar Frank , Lukaszewicz Anne-Claire , Garnier Lorna , Payen-Gay Léa , Venet Fabienne , Monneret Guillaume 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: Understanding the mechanisms underlying immune dysregulation in sepsis is a major challenge in developing more individualized therapy, as early and persistent inflammation, as well as immunosuppression, play a significant role in pathophysiology. As part of the antimicrobial response, neutrophils can release extracellular traps (NETs) which neutralize and kill microorganisms. However, excessive NETs formation may also contribute to pathogenesis, tissue damage and organ dysfunction. Recently, a novel automated assay has been proposed for the routine measurement of nucleosomes H3.1 (fundamental units of chromatin) that are released during NETs formation. The aim of the present study was to measure nucleosome levels in septic shock patients and to determine association with mortality.
Methods: 151 septic shock patients (SEPSIS-3 definition, IMMUNOSEPSIS cohort) were included. Plasma samples were obtained at 3 time-points (day 1-2, 3-4, 6-8 after admission). Nucleosomes H3.1 were measured using a chemiluminescent immunoassay. IL-6 and immunological cellular parameters were concomitantly assessed.
Results: The nucleosome H3.1 levels were markedly and significantly elevated at all-time points compared to the control group. Immunological parameters indicated tremendous early inflammation (IL-6 = 1335 pg/mL at day 1-2) along with marked immunosuppression (e.g., mHLA-DR = 3853 AB/C and CD4 = 338 /µL at day 3-4). We found significantly positive correlation between nucleosome levels and organ failure and severity scores, IL-6 concentrations and neutrophil count. Significantly higher values (day 1-2 & 3-4) were measured in non-survivor patients (28-day mortality). This association was still significant after multivariate analysis and was more pronounced with highest concentration. Early (day 1-2) increased nucleosome levels were also independently associated with 5-day mortality. At day 6-8, persistent elevated nucleosome levels were negatively correlated to mHLA-DR values.
Conclusions: This study reports a significant elevation of nucleosome in patients during a one-week follow-up. The nucleosome levels showed correlation with neutrophil count, IL-6 and were found to be independently associated with mortality assessed at day 5 or 28. Therefore, nucleosome concentration seems to be a promising biomarker for detecting hyper-inflammatory phenotype upon a patient's admission. Additional investigations are required to evaluate the potential association between sustained elevation of nucleosome and sepsis-induced immunosuppression.
Assessment of Water Quality Parameters in the Hooghly Estuary, India, using Sentinel-3 and Global Biogeochemical Analysis and Forecasts Products
Authors: Portel Vaishali , Prasad Rama Chandra 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The Hooghly Estuary is a source of livelihood for millions of people, along with the sustenance of marine biodiversity. The frequent estimation of the water quality is a vital process for the estuary, mainly because of global warming and the changes it brings. Sentinel-3 data and Global Biogeochemical Analysis and Forecast Products from Copernicus for the years 2021 and 2022 were used in this study to assess the different water quality parameters, namely, Chlorophyll-a, Total Suspended Matter (TSM), Kd490 as a proxy for turbidity, Adg443 for Coloured Detrital Organic Matter (CDOM) concentration, Sea surface temperature (SST), Nitrate, Phosphate, Silicate, pH, Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) and Molecular dissolved oxygen (DO2), in the Hooghly Estuary. The main changes were observed during the monsoon and post-monsoon due to heavy rainfall causing runoffs and an increase in sediments from land, along with nutrients in the estuary, with lower SST and increased chlorophyll-a, which could also lead to eutrophication and harmful algal blooms, depleting oxygen levels and causing harm to the aquatic biota. The effects of cyclonic storms were also observed during the pre-monsoon in 2021 and the post-monsoon in 2022. Satellite data was therefore found to be adequate but not fully accurate for the assessment of water quality parameters in the Hooghly Estuary.