bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced thermal shock resistance in magnesia refractories through in situ formation of CaO·2La2O3·3SiO2
Authors: Cui Yan , Qu Dianli , Luo Xudong , Li Guohua , Tian Lin , Zheng Yu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMagnesia refractories have been widely utilized in industries such as steel, nonferrous metallurgy, and cement. However, their application has been limited due to their inadequate thermal shock resistance. This study examines the effect of club‐shaped CaO·2La2O3·3SiO2 crystals formed in situ on the thermal shock resistance of magnesia refractories. The results demonstrate that CaO·2La2O3·3SiO2 grains, which possess a high melting point, replace monticellite CaO·MgO·SiO2 (CMS) grains with a low melting point in magnesia refractories. The crystal growth of CaO·2La2O3·3SiO2 follows a two‐dimensional nucleation growth mechanism, characterized by stepped growth stripes. Furthermore, the microstructure of magnesia refractories is modified through the formation of club‐shaped CaO·2La2O3·3SiO2 grains located at the grain boundaries, resulting in enhanced thermal shock resistance. The in situ formation of CaO·2La2O3·3SiO2 actively contributes to the toughening of magnesia refractories by increasing their resistance to crack propagation. Overall, this research highlights the beneficial role of in situ formed CaO·2La2O3·3SiO2 crystals in improving the thermal shock resistance of magnesia refractories.
Clinical characteristics and economic impact of acute hospitalisations due to bronchiectasis exacerbations among adult Indigenous Australians in the Top End Northern Territory
Authors: Berhane Thomas , Bayfield Anna‐Louise , Howarth Timothy , James Karlie , Muthumala Aruna , Mo Lin , Willson Kaspar , Heraganahally Subash S. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis cross‐sectional study assessed the clinical and economic costs (Inpatient Activity Database) associated with hospitalisations due to bronchiectasis exacerbations among adult indigenous patients in the Top End, Northern Territory. Twenty case episodes from 15 indigenous patients with a mean age of 51.8 ± 12.7 years were recorded in a 3‐month study window. The estimated cost was AUD 400 579.9, with cost per patient AUD 26 705 over 3 months and average cost per admission AUD 20 029. Extrapolating cost data across a 10‐year period gave a conservative estimate of AUD 28 million.
An in vitro assessment of the accuracy of guided tilted and axial implant placement in the edentulous mandible
Authors: Freeman Brett C. , Alqallaf Hawra , Yang Chao‐Chieh , Lin Wei‐Shao , Dutra Vinicius , Hamada Yusuke 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPurposeTo assess the precision of implant placement when comparing tilted orientations to axial orientations, utilizing a fully guided surgical protocol in an edentulous mandibular model.Materials and MethodsFourteen rubber‐coated mandibular models were scanned with fiducial markers using a commercial benchtop surface scanner, followed by cone beam computed tomography for implant planning through a dual‐scan protocol. The models were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. In the control group, each model was planned for four axially oriented implants. Conversely, the experimental models were planned for two axially oriented implants near the lateral incisors and two posteriorly tilted implants at a 30‐degree angle. A mucosal‐supported, pin‐retained surgical guide was designed and 3D‐printed, facilitating the fully guided implant placement. All implants received scan bodies and were rescanned for evaluation of the trueness between the planned and the actual implant location using the implant planning software. Mixed model ANOVA was used to detect differences between groups with regards to angular deviation, offset at base, and offset at tip.ResultsA total of 56 implants were placed across all models. Fourteen posterior implants in each group served as control and experimental conditions, while the remaining 28 anterior implants acted as secondary control. No significant differences were observed between the experimental and control groups in terms of angular deviation (p = 0.7001), offset at base (p = 0.6409), or offset at tip (p = 0.6931). Analysis comparing anterior implant deviations between groups and anterior to posterior implant deviations within the control arches also was not significant. However, secondary analysis revealed a significant difference between anterior and posterior implants within the experimental group for offset at base (p = 0.0087) and offset at tip (p = 0.0288).ConclusionsDespite the limitations inherent to a benchtop study, the findings suggest that there are no statistically significant 3D deviations at the base or apex, nor in angular deviations, when comparing tilted and axial implant placements using a digital workflow and fully guided protocols in an edentulous model.
Infections caused by extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase‐producing Enterobacterales in hospitalized neonatal foals: Can colonization predict infection?
Authors: Shnaiderman‐Torban Anat , Meltzer Lilac , Zilberman‐Daniels Tal , Navon‐Venezia Shiri , Cohen Adar , Sutton Gila Abells , Blum Shlomo E. , Amit Sharon , Steinman Amir 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundInfections with extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase‐producing Enterobacterales (ESBL‐PE) contribute to morbidity and mortality in human neonates. In foals, data are scarce.ObjectivesDetermine the association between ESBL‐PE gastrointestinal colonization on hospital admission and infections in hospitalized neonates.AnimalsSixty‐seven foals.MethodsProspective study of foals admitted to a veterinary hospital. Foals were screened for ESBL‐PE colonization and for infections. Risk factors and clinical outcomes were analyzed.ResultsSeventy‐six percent of foals suffered from at least 1 bacterial infection (n = 51/67). Sixty‐three non‐ESBL bacterial species and 19 ESBL‐PE species were isolated. Twenty foals (29.85%) had at least 1 hospital‐acquired infection (HAI) and 30 foals (44.8%) suffered from multidrug resistant infections. The prevalence rates of ESBL‐PE gastrointestinal colonization on admission and clinical ESBL HAIs were 47.8% (n = 32/67, 41 isolates) and 19.40% (n = 13/67, 19 isolates), respectively. On multivariable analysis, ESBL‐PE HAIs were associated with colonization on admission (P = .03, odds ratio [OR] = 4.60). In an outcome analysis, ESBL‐PE infection and HAIs were associated with surgery (ESBL‐PE infection: P = .04, OR = 4.70; HAI: P = .004, OR = 6.4) and HAI also was associated with increased duration of hospitalization (P < .001, OR = 9.13). The major colonizing and infecting bacterial species were Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. Concordant ESBL‐PE species were recovered from rectal screening and clinical samples in 7.46% (n = 5/67) of foals.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceOn‐admission ESBL‐PE rectal colonization was associated with ESBL‐PE HAI in neonatal foals. The ESBL‐PE infections were associated with surgery during hospitalization. These findings emphasize the importance of optimal infection control and treatment of clinical infections in equine neonatal intensive care units.
Peace‐making Through the Blood of Christ: Insights from Nicholas Cabasilas and the Orthodox Tradition
Authors: Torrance Alexis 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis article treats Nicholas Cabasilas as an emblematic theologian of peace from the Orthodox tradition whose profound reflections on peace speak directly to our contemporary moment of turmoil. Writing amidst the untold upheavals of fourteenth‐century Byzantium, Cabasilas distills much of his inherited exegetical, ascetic, and liturgical tradition and marshals it to the cause of peace. The theology of peace he espouses neither reduces peace to the outward absence of violent conflict, nor spiritualizes it to the point of irrelevance for the pursuit of worldly peace. Taking his cue in particular from the opening lines of the Byzantine Divine Liturgy, he meditates with theological sophistication on the multiple levels of peace for which each must strive, and ultimately argues powerfully for the primacy of the blood of the Lamb as the true harbinger of peace, as well as the implications of this for Christian peace‐making. His vision is one that summarizes the best of the Orthodox tradition, and which ought to be harnessed now more than ever, at a time when confusion over the Orthodox understanding of peace has reached a peak.
Increasing Prevalence of Syphilis: Oral Manifestations, Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Currie C. C. , Chambers A. , Endersby S. , Green R. , Price D. A. , Robinson N. , Spoor E. , Wilson A. , Robinson M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionCases of syphilis are increasing, with 9513 cases diagnosed in England in 2023, the highest annual number since 1948. Oral healthcare professionals should therefore be aware of how oral syphilis presents, the differential diagnosis and the appropriate care pathway and management.Case SeriesWe present 14 contemporary cases of oral syphilis to highlight the clinical features, outline the diagnostic pathway and document the management of the patients. We present the first patient in the literature to receive a diagnosis of neurosyphilis following an initial presentation with an oral lesion, emphasising the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of this increasingly prevalent infection.
VvprePIP, the Precursor of a PAMP‐Induced Secreted Peptide, Stimulates Defence Responses and Improves Resistance to Plasmopora viticola in Grapevine
Authors: Huang Huimin , Liu Jiaqi , Wu Wei , Lu Jiang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPRRs (Pattern‐Recognition Receptors) distributed on plant cell membranes recognize not only PAMPs (Pathogen‐Associated Molecular Patterns) released from the pathogens but also ligand peptides secreted from the plants, followed by eliciting defence responses. Here, we demonstrate that transcription of VvprePIP from grape (Vitis vinifera) encoding the precursor of a PIP (PAMP‐Induced secreted Peptide) peptide is activated by Plasmopara viticola infection. Overexpression of VvprePIP increases the expression of defence‐related genes and ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) production, enhancing resistance to P. viticola in V. vinifera. A WRKY transcription factor VvWRKY8 interacts with VvprePIP promoter, upregulating its transcription directly. The immune reactions resulting from ectopic expression of VvprePIP are impaired in NbBAK1‐silencing tobacco, implying BAK1 is necessary for the recognition between mature peptide VvPIP and its receptor. The conserved region at the C terminus of VvprePIP carries three typical SGPS‐GH motifs, all of which contribute to provoke immune responses in plant. As synthetic VvPIP with a hydroxylated modification at the forth proline can mimic the functions of overexpression of the precursor, while synthetic unmodified VvPIP cannot, we reported that hydroxyproline is required for VvPIPs to serve as an active signal molecular. In conclusion, our studies reveal that VvprePIP plays a role in enhancing plant resistance to pathogens.
Increasing Extraversion via Intervention: Lay Insights, Person‐Activity Fit, and Implications for Well‐Being and Persistence
Authors: Martinez Ramona L. , Regan Annie , Gollwitzer Peter M. , Oettingen Gabriele , Lyubomirsky Sonja 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTResearch suggests that acting more extraverted (outgoing, assertive, and/or energetic) boosts subjective well‐being in the short term for most people; however, some work indicates that acting more extraverted could be aversive for those who are relatively more introverted. To further understand participants' experiences in extraverted behavior interventions, we analyzed free‐response data from a study in which undergraduate participants generated ideas on desirable outcomes, anticipated obstacles, and prospective plans in their efforts to act more sociable. Additionally, to understand the potential relationship between components of person‐activity fit (how natural, enjoyable, and meaningful a person finds an intervention activity like acting more extraverted), we conducted exploratory correlational analyses between the components of fit, personality traits, desire to change extraversion, and the endorsement of outcomes, challenges, and plans identified from our thematic qualitative analysis. Our results suggest four main takeaways: (a) dispositional and situational shyness are highly prevalent challenges that bear on behavioral efforts to act more sociable; (b) lack of specificity in participant‐generated plans to act more sociable and their focus on thoughts and feelings instead of actionable behavior may inhibit desired behavior change; (c) participants' sense that their own personality serves as a barrier to desired change is negatively related to how natural, enjoyable, and meaningful they rate the intervention; and (d) more agreeable participants rate the intervention as more enjoyable and meaningful. We close by offering theoretical and practical recommendations for future research and interventions focused on fostering extraverted behaviors.
Prioritising Mentorship: The Key Attributes We Should Focus on From Our Clinical Teaching Fellows in Early Years Medical Education
Authors: Lascar Nadia , Leadbeater Wendy , Al‐Antary Noor , Cowling Joseph , Stocker Claire Joanne 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundClinical teaching fellows (CTFs) enhance medical students' education, yet their role in early undergraduate years is less understood. This study explores the key attributes of CTFs, as perceived by medical students, CTFs and staff, that contribute to the quality of students' learning experiences in the early years of medical school.MethodsThis mixed‐methods study was conducted at a UK medical school, involving surveys and focus groups with 102 early‐year MBChB (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery) students, five CTFs and 15 staff. Participants identified CTF attributes contributing to students' learning experiences in the first 2 years of the programme. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.ResultsThe study identified 364 attributes, categorised into 12 themes. Key attributes included helpful/supportive, friendly/approachable and educator/facilitator. Students valued CTFs' approachable nature, while staff emphasised their educational role. Focus groups further highlighted the importance of CTFs' mentorship and pastoral care, interpreting helpful/supportive as sharing personal experiences and career guidance, friendly/approachable as building relatable connections and educator/facilitator as providing academic support.ConclusionOur study shows that in the early years of medical education, students value the mentoring skills of CTFs over their academic and clinical expertise. Medical schools should provide formal opportunities for CTFs to enhance their mentoring and pastoral care skills and ensure academic staff support these extended roles, potentially leading to improved student satisfaction and better preparation for clinical years. These insights could inform policy and training programs in medical schools globally, enhancing the overall quality of early medical education.
Mannose‐binding lectin 1.1A interacts with hypersensitive‐induced response 4 to promote hypersensitive cell death and defense responses in cotton upon Verticillium dahliae infection
Authors: Yuan Leitian , Wu Min , Tan Deming , Zhang Shuling , Zhang Huanyang , Li Jing , Xia Guixian , Wang Fuxin 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARYIncreasing evidence indicates that mannose‐binding lectins (MBLs) act as a lectin‐receptor‐like protein in plant immune responses, yet the functional basis remains elusive. In this study, we dissected the functional mechanism of GbMBL1.1A in defense against Verticillium dahliae infection in sea island cotton (Gossypium barbadense). GbMBL1.1A expressed preferentially in cotton roots and significantly upregulated upon V. dahliae infection. Transgenic expression of GbMBL1.1A in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and Arabidopsis remarkably improved the disease resistance of the plants, while silencing of GbMBL1.1A resulted in an increased susceptibility of cotton plants in response to V. dahliae attack. Protein interaction assays revealed that GbMBL1.1A interacted with the cotton hypersensitive‐induced response protein 4 (GbHIR4, a scaffold protein for immune signaling in the plasma membrane microdomain) through PAN domain. GbHIR4 expression was upregulated in response to V. dahliae invasion, and silencing of GbHIR4 seriously attenuated the disease tolerance of cotton plants. GbMBL1.1A enhanced the cell death phenotype induced by the transient expression of GbHIR4, and meanwhile promoted HR‐PCD and GbHIR4‐dependent resistance upon V. dahliae infection. The results suggested that GbMBL1.1A employed GbHIR4 as a downstream component to trigger the hypersensitive responses and therefore contributed to cotton resistance against V. dahliae. In addition, we observed that GbMBL1.1A overexpression could alter the phytohormone‐mediated defense and growth signaling under both normal and V. dahliae infection conditions. Collectively, these results demonstrated that the lectin receptor‐like protein GbMBL1.1A interacts with GbHIR4 in cotton immunity to induce the hypersensitive response, which is associated with phytohormone‐mediated defense and growth signaling.
INTENTAS - an entanglement-enhanced atomic sensor for microgravity
Authors: Anton O. , Bröckel I. , Derr D. , Fieguth A. , Franzke M. , Gärtner M. , Giese E. , Haase J. S. , Hamann J. , Heidt A. , Kanthak S. , Klempt C. , Kruse J. , Krutzik M. , Kubitza S. , Lotz C. , Müller K. , Pahl J. , Rasel E. M. , Schiemangk M. , Schleich W. P. , Schwertfeger S. , Wicht A. , Wörner L. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The INTENTAS project aims to develop an atomic sensor utilizing entangled Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) in a microgravity environment. This key achievement is necessary to advance the capability for measurements that benefit from both entanglement-enhanced sensitivities and extended interrogation times. The project addresses significant challenges related to size, weight, and power management (SWaP) specific to the experimental platform at the Einstein-Elevator in Hannover. The design ensures a low-noise environment essential for the creation and detection of entanglement. Additionally, the apparatus features an innovative approach to the all-optical creation of BECs, providing a flexible system for various configurations and meeting the requirements for rapid turnaround times. Successful demonstration of this technology in the Einstein-Elevator will pave the way for a future deployment in space, where its potential applications will unlock high-precision quantum sensing.
Anterior Subluxation of a Metal‐on‐Metal Total Hip Arthroplasty Resulting in Erosion and Metal Debris
Authors: Park Connor , Verhey Jens , Austin Roman , Howgate Daniel , Bathini Abhijith , Lyons Mark K. , Bingham Joshua S. 
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a commonly performed and highly successful surgical procedure. Metal‐on‐metal (MoM) THA implants were introduced two decades ago and subsequently recalled due to high early revision rates. Acetabular cup erosion and fragmentation secondary to chronic edge loading causing delayed instability are rare but devastating complications of MoM THA warranting expeditious revision surgery.Case Presentation: We report a 70‐year‐old male with a history of bilateral MoM THA who presented with left hip instability. In addition to the radiographic and clinical features of hip instability, macroscopic examination at revision surgery revealed extensive erosion and fragmentation of the antero‐superior margin of the implanted cup, osteolysis, and widespread metallosis of the periarticular soft tissues.Discussion: This case highlights a significant adverse complication of MoM THA. Despite the industry’s wide discontinuation and recall of these implants, MoM hip arthroplasty implants are present in many patients, who are all at risk of developing similar complications. Guidelines for the surveillance and treatment of both symptomatic and asymptomatic MoM THAs have been reported, although ambiguity remains in the optimal approach for managing patients with existing MoM THA.Conclusion: Failure of MoM hip arthroplasty is most commonly the result of adverse reaction to metal debris. We present a novel mechanism of failure in a patient presenting with late instability due to asymmetric wear of the MoM bearing surface.. While it is uncertain whether early intervention in this patient may have prevented this complication, arthroplasty surgeons should be aware of the various modes of failure for MoM hip implants, as expeditious revision surgery is often required.
Persistence of a Proteomic Signature After a Hypertensive Disorder of Pregnancy
Authors: Hlatky Mark A. , Shu Chi-Hung , Stevenson David K. , Shaw Gary M. , Stefanick Marcia L. , Boyd Heather A. , Melbye Mads , Plummer Xi Du , Sedan Oshra , Wong Ronald J. , Aghaeepour Nima , Winn Virginia D. 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:
A hypertensive disorder of pregnancy is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease later in life, but the potential mechanistic links are unknown.

METHODS:
We recruited 2 groups of women, 1 during pregnancy and another at least 2 years after delivery. Cases had a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, and controls had a normotensive pregnancy. The pregnancy cohort had study visits antepartum and postpartum; the mid-life group made a single study visit. We assayed 7228 plasma proteins, applied machine learning to identify proteomics signatures at each time point, and performed enrichment analyses to identify relevant biological pathways.

RESULTS:
The pregnancy cohort (58 cases and 46 controls) had a mean age of 33.8 years, and the mid-life group (71 cases and 74 controls) had a mean age of 40.8 years. Protein levels differed significantly between cases and controls at each time point: 6233 antepartum, 189 postpartum, and 224 in mid-life. The postpartum protein signature discriminated well between cases and controls (c-index=0.78), and it also discriminated well in the independent mid-life samples (c-index=0.72). Pathway analyses identified differences in the complement and coagulation cascades that persisted across the antepartum, postpartum, and mid-life samples. The 28 proteins present in both the postpartum and mid-life signatures included 5 complement factors (3, B, H, H-related-1, and C1r-subcomponent-like) and coagulation factor IX.

CONCLUSIONS:
Differences in protein expression persist for years after a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. The consistent differences in the complement and coagulation pathways may contribute to the increased risk of later life cardiovascular disease.
Plastic Partnerships: How Corporations Are Hedging Against the UN Global Plastics Treaty
Authors: Ralston Rob , Taggart Jack 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The global plastic crisis has intensified over the past decade, pressuring corporations to address their environmental impact. In response to a UN resolution to negotiate a treaty to end plastic pollution, corporate actors have reoriented their sustainability strategies. This forum article examines how companies across the petrochemical–plastics industry have adopted a “hedging strategy” to undermine stricter regulations, promoting industry-led multistakeholder partnerships (“plastic partnerships”) aimed at minimizing disruptions to their business practices. This strategy seeks to hedge against transformative change by offering limited political and material concessions that co-opt circular economy rhetoric. We assess the effectiveness of these strategies in the context of protracted UN negotiations and the influence of transnational corporations in shaping emerging forms of global plastic governance.