bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distance-based delivery of exercise for people treated for breast, prostate or colorectal cancer: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of EX-MED Cancer Sweden
Authors: Kotte Melissa , Bolam Kate A. , Mijwel Sara , Altena Renske , Cormie Prue , Wengström Yvonne 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Regular exercise has been shown to have beneficial health effects in cancer survivors, including improving quality of life and other important health outcomes. However, providing people with cancer with easily accessible, high-quality exercise support and programs is a challenge. Therefore, there is a need to develop easily accessible exercise programs that draw upon the current evidence. Supervised, distance-based exercise programs have the benefit of reaching out to many people whilst providing the support of an exercise professional. The aim of the EX-MED Cancer Sweden trial is to examine the effectiveness of a supervised, distance-based exercise program, in people previously treated for breast, prostate, or colorectal cancer, on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), as well as other physiological and patient-reported health outcomes.

Methods
The EX-MED Cancer Sweden trial is a prospective randomised controlled trial including 200 people that have completed curative treatment for breast, prostate, or colorectal cancer. Participants are randomly allocated to an exercise group or a routine care control group. The exercise group will participate in a supervised, distanced-based exercise program delivered by a personal trainer who has undertaken specialised exercise oncology education modules. The intervention consists of a combination of resistance and aerobic exercises with participants completing two 60-min sessions per week for 12 weeks. The primary outcome is HRQoL (EORTC QLQ-C30) assessed at baseline, 3- (end of intervention and primary endpoint) and 6-months post-baseline. Secondary outcomes are physiological (cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, physical function, body composition) and patient-reported outcomes (cancer-related symptoms, fatigue, self-reported physical activity), and self-efficacy of exercise. Furthermore, the trial will explore and describe the experiences of participation in the exercise intervention.

Discussion
The EX-MED Cancer Sweden trial will provide evidence regarding the effectiveness of a supervised, distance-based exercise program for survivors of breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer. If successful, it will contribute to the implementation of flexible and effective exercise programs as part of the standard of care for people following cancer treatment, which is likely to contribute to a reduction in the burden of cancer on the individual, health care system and society.

Trial registration
www.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05064670. Registered on October 1, 2021.
Perspectives on reasons for suicidal behaviour and recommendations for suicide prevention in Kenya: qualitative study
Authors: Ongeri Linnet , Nyawira Miriam , Kariuki Symon M. , Bitta Mary , Schubart Chris , Penninx Brenda W. J. H. , Newton Charles R. J. C. , Tijdink Joeri K. 
Published: February 2023

Background
Little is known about the reasons for suicidal behaviour in Africa, and communities’ perception of suicide prevention. A contextualised understanding of these reasons is important in guiding the implementation of potential suicide prevention interventions in specific settings.

Aims
To understand ideas, experiences and opinions on reasons contributing to suicidal behaviour in the Coast region of Kenya, and provide recommendations for suicide prevention.

Method
We conducted a qualitative study with various groups of key informants residing in the Coast region of Kenya, using in-depth interviews. Audio-recorded interviews were transcribed and translated from the local language before thematic inductive content analysis.

Results
From the 25 in-depth interviews, we identified four key themes as reasons given for suicidal behaviour: interpersonal and relationship problems, financial and economic difficulties, mental health conditions and religious and cultural influences. These reasons were observed to be interrelated with each other and well-aligned to the suggested recommendations for suicide prevention. We found six key recommendations from our thematic content analysis: (a) increasing access to counselling and social support, (b) improving mental health awareness and skills training, (c) restriction of suicide means, (d) decriminalisation of suicide, (e) economic and education empowerment and (f) encouraging religion and spirituality.

Conclusions
The reasons for suicidal behaviour are comparable with high-income countries, but suggested prevention strategies are more contextualised to our setting. A multifaceted approach in preventing suicide in (coastal) Kenya is warranted based on the varied reasons suggested. Community-based interventions will likely improve and increase access to suicide prevention in this study area.
DNA Methylation Near CPT1A and Changes in Triglyceride-rich Lipoproteins in Response to Weight-loss Diet Interventions
Authors: Li Xiang , Shao Xiaojian , Xue Qiaochu , Kou Minghao , Champagne Catherine M , Koseva Boryana S , Heianza Yoriko , Grundberg Elin , Bazzano Lydia A , Bray George A , Sacks Frank M , Qi Lu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Context
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1A, encoded by the CPT1A gene, plays a key role in the oxidation of long-chain fatty acids in the mitochondria and may be important in triglyceride metabolism. Previous work has shown that high fat intake was negatively associated with CPT1A methylation and positively associated with CPT1A expression.

Objective
We aim to investigate the association of DNA methylation (DNAm) at the CPT1A gene with reductions in triglycerides and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) in response to weight-loss diet interventions.

Methods
The current study included 538 White participants, who were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 diets varying in macronutrient components. We defined the regional DNAm at CPT1A as the average methylation level over CpGs within 500 bp of the 3 triglyceride-related DNAm sites.

Results
Dietary fat intake significantly modified the association between baseline DNAm at CPT1A and 2-year changes in total plasma triglycerides, independent of concurrent weight loss. Among participants assigned to a low-fat diet, a higher regional DNAm level at CPT1A was associated with a greater reduction in total plasma triglycerides at 2 years (P = .01), compared with those assigned to a high-fat diet (P = .64) (P interaction = .018). Further investigation on lipids and apolipoproteins in very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) revealed similar interaction patterns for 2-year changes in VLDL-triglycerides, VLDL-cholesterol, and VLDL-apolipoprotein B (P interaction = .009, .002, and .016, respectively), but not for VLDL-apoC-III (P interaction = .36).

Conclusion
Participants with a higher regional DNAm level at CPT1A benefit more in long-term improvement in triglycerides, particularly in the TRLs and related apolipoproteins when consuming a low-fat weight-loss diet.
Disease Duration and Chronic Complications Associate With Immune Activation in Individuals With Longstanding Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Ajie Mandala , van Heck Julia I P , Janssen Anna W M , Meijer Rick I , Tack Cees J , Stienstra Rinke 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Context
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with alterations of the immune response which persist even after the autoimmunity aspect is resolved. Clinical factors that cause dysregulation, however, are not fully understood.

Objective
To identify clinical factors that affect immune dysregulation in people with longstanding T1D.

Design
In this cross-sectional study, 243 participants with longstanding T1D were recruited between February 2016 and June 2017 at the Radboudumc, the Netherlands. Blood was drawn to determine immune cell phenotype and functionality, as well as circulating inflammatory proteome. Multivariate linear regression was used to determine the association between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, duration of diabetes, insulin need, and diabetes complications with inflammation.

Results
HbA1c level is positively associated with circulating inflammatory markers (P &lt; .05), but not with immune cell number and phenotype. Diabetes duration is associated with increased number of circulating immune cells (P &lt; .05), inflammatory proteome (P &lt; .05), and negatively associated with adaptive immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Rhizopus oryzae (P &lt; .05). Diabetes nephropathy is associated with increased circulating immune cells (P &lt; .05) and inflammatory markers (P &lt; .05)

Conclusion
Disease duration and chronic complications associate with persistent alterations in the immune response of individuals with long standing T1D.
Insulin-Induced AKR1C3 Induces Fatty Acid Synthase in a Model of Human PCOS Adipocytes
Authors: Paulukinas Ryan D , Penning Trevor M 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in women. In PCOS, insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism could drive the increased risk for cardiometabolic disease. Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3) is induced by insulin in PCOS adipocytes and is the predominant enzyme for potent androgen formation causing ligand-dependent androgen receptor (AR) activation. AR induces fatty acid synthase (FASN), a central enzyme for de novo lipogenesis. To investigate how insulin signaling induces AKR1C3 to promote lipid overload through induction of FASN, we used differentiated human Simpson–Golabi–Behmel syndrome adipocytes as a model for PCOS adipocytes. Induction of AKR1C3 and FASN was shown to be dependent on phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/ mammalian target of rapamycin/nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 using pharmacological and genetic manipulation. FASN induction was shown to be AKR1C3 and AR dependent. Monofunctional AKR1C3 inhibitors, which competitively inhibit AKR1C3, did not block FASN induction, whereas bifunctional inhibitors, which competitively inhibit AKR1C3 and attenuate AR signaling by increasing AR degradation and ubiquitination, did suggesting a nonenzymatic role for AKR1C3 to stabilize AR. AKR1C3 and AR interacted as seen by co-immunoprecipitation, proximity ligation assay, and co-occupancy on FASN locus using chromatin immunoprecipitation–quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays in a ligand-dependent and ligand-independent manner. In the absence of androgens, bifunctional inhibitors prevented lipid droplet formation, whereas monofunctional inhibitors did not. We propose that AKR1C3 has 2 roles in PCOS: to catalyze potent androgen formation in adipocytes promoting hyperandrogenism and to induce FASN by stabilizing AR in the absence of androgens. AKR1C3 may be a therapeutic target for bifunctional inhibitors to reduce cardiometabolic disease in PCOS women.
The Early Portuguese Slave Ship and the Infrastructure of Racial Capitalism
Authors: More Anna 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article argues that an infrastructural analysis of the early Portuguese slave trade permits a detailed account of the emergence of what Cedric Robinson called “racial capitalism.” The early Portuguese slave ship is one of the clearest examples of how an infrastructure of accumulation accelerated the racialization of capitalism. As denounced by the 1684 Portuguese Law on Tonnage, the holds of the early slave ships created spatial regimes that regularly killed captives through asphyxiation, a unique form of death resulting from the reduction of human life to capital. If enslavement was defined by this spatial regime of suffocation, the early slave trade extended the grounds for racialization through extensive networks of credit and debt. This financial system established the parameters of enslavement and freedom, bridging shipboard and terrestrial social relations. Early slave ships included Black sailors, known as grumetes. A term that became adopted throughout the first region of the Portuguese slave trade in Africa, grumete referred to African wage laborers who worked with Luso-African traders. As wages were likely paid in credit that could only be cashed out by participating in the sale of humans, the freedom of the grumetes was constrained by the system of credit that financed the early trade. The infrastructure of the early slave trade was thus the nexus and conduit between interconnected financial modes, commodified life and debt, that together account for the racialization of the early Atlantic world.
Back on the Chain Gang
Authors: Zieger Susan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis essay explores the road and the chain as material and ideological forms of logistical and infrastructural power. Focusing on threechain gang narratives, John L. Spivak's Hard Times on a Southern Chain Gang (1932), Elliot Burns's I Am a Fugitive from a Georgia Chain (1932), and its film adaptation, I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang! (1932), the essay shows how these white-authored stories imagine the extraction of Black male labor in the construction of road infrastructure in the early twentieth-century southern United States. The essay demonstrates how logistics—the art and science of moving goods, people, and information efficiently to maximize profit—inheres in the infrastructures it calls into being. It traces the history of the chain gang through the shackles used to immobilize enslaved people on the ship, in the coffle, and on plantations, contending that such iron implements are infrastructure that helped build the nation. Chain gangs similarly relied on the forced labor of Black men who were routinely rounded up, incarcerated, and set to work on roads that tantalized them with the freedom of mobility while punishing them with backbreaking labor and physical torture. Chain gangs were a logistical phenomenon, the supply of labor at the right time and right place to maximize profit for private capital, which obtained this free labor through its collusion with the state. In this case study, the logistical aspect of infrastructure articulates it not as a promise of the common good, but as a threat against the disenfranchised whose freedom was abridged to make it.
Robot-Assisted Versus Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy in Patients with Resectable Pancreatic Cancer: An International, Retrospective, Cohort Study
Authors: Chen Jeffrey W. , van Ramshorst Tess M. E. , Lof Sanne , Al-Sarireh Bilal , Bjornsson Bergthor , Boggi Ugo , Burdio Fernando , Butturini Giovanni , Casadei Riccardo , Coratti Andrea , D’Hondt Mathieu , Dokmak Safi , Edwin Bjørn , Esposito Alessandro , Fabre Jean M. , Ferrari Giovanni , Ftériche Fadhel S. , Fusai Giuseppe K. , Groot Koerkamp Bas , Hackert Thilo , Jah Asif , Jang Jin-Young , Kauffmann Emanuele F. , Keck Tobias , Manzoni Alberto , Marino Marco V. , Molenaar Quintus , Pando Elizabeth , Pessaux Patrick , Pietrabissa Andrea , Soonawalla Zahir , Sutcliffe Robert P. , Timmermann Lea , White Steven , Yip Vincent S. , Zerbi Alessandro , Abu Hilal Mohammad , Besselink Marc G. ,   For the European Consortium on Minimally Invasive Pancreatic Surgery (E-MIPS), Aussilhou Beatrice , Kamarajah Sivesh K. , van Laarhoven Stijn , Malinka Thomas , Marudanayagam Ravi , Ricci Claudio , Sánchez-Velázquez Patricia 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Robot-assisted distal pancreatectomy (RDP) is increasingly used as an alternative to laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP) in patients with resectable pancreatic cancer but comparative multicenter studies confirming the safety and efficacy of RDP are lacking.

Methods
An international, multicenter, retrospective, cohort study, including consecutive patients undergoing RDP and LDP for resectable pancreatic cancer in 33 experienced centers from 11 countries (2010–2019). The primary outcome was R0-resection. Secondary outcomes included lymph node yield, major complications, conversion rate, and overall survival.

Results
In total, 542 patients after minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy were included: 103 RDP (19%) and 439 LDP (81%). The R0-resection rate was comparable (75.7% RDP vs. 69.3% LDP, p = 0.404). RDP was associated with longer operative time (290 vs. 240 min, p < 0.001), more vascular resections (7.6% vs. 2.7%, p = 0.030), lower conversion rate (4.9% vs. 17.3%, p = 0.001), more major complications (26.2% vs. 16.3%, p = 0.019), improved lymph node yield (18 vs. 16, p = 0.021), and longer hospital stay (10 vs. 8 days, p = 0.001). The 90-day mortality (1.9% vs. 0.7%, p = 0.268) and overall survival (median 28 vs. 31 months, p = 0.599) did not differ significantly between RDP and LDP, respectively.

Conclusions
In selected patients with resectable pancreatic cancer, RDP and LDP provide a comparable R0-resection rate and overall survival in experienced centers. Although the lymph node yield and conversion rate appeared favorable after RDP, LDP was associated with shorter operating time, less major complications, and shorter hospital stay. The specific benefits associated with each approach should be confirmed by multicenter, randomized trials.
Optical intersatellite link computer model
Authors: Lessure Harold S. , Lawson Christopher M. 
Published: February 2023

An interactive computer program has been written to aid in the definition of technologies required for optical intersatellite communication links. Input parameters are varied and the bit error rate (BER) is calculated for the link. The parameters are broken down into the following categories: laser transmitter parameters, laser pointing parameters, satellite tracking parameters, modulator characteristics, and detector performance characteristics. The model simplifies the analysis of interplay between these independently controllable parameters, allowing a rapid numerical evaluation of a configuration of interest. The model consists of six primary modules each containing between one and six subroutines. The function of the modules can briefly be described as follows:
(1) INIT initializes input parameters and admits systematic variation of a given parameter of interest;
(2) TRANSMIT calculates the power incident on the detector taking into account the transmitter power, free-space divergence loss, pointing loss, tracking loss, transmission loss through optical components, and modulation loss;
(3) BACKGROUND determines the effects of optical background from sources such as stars, the moon, the earth, and the sun;
(4) SIGNAL/NOISE calculates the detector signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with dark current, thermal noise, shot noise, electronic noise, and optical background present;
(5) BIT ERROR calculates BER as a function of SNR for a given modulation format;
(6) DISPLAY tabulates and plots the data.
Five basic problems in machine vision
Authors: Fischler Martin A. 
Published: February 2023

This paper presents the current machine vision paradigm as an attempt to solve five basic problems concerned with different aspects of modeling the physical environment from 2-D images.
These problems are:
(1) recovering scene geometry,
(2) image partitioning,
(3) object labeling,
(4) relational description in both space and time, and
(5) system architecture.
We describe the reason for the difficulty of each of these problems, and provide examples of novel approaches currently being investigated as potential solutions.
Collimation of a rubidium beam below the Doppler limit
Authors: Sheehy B. , Shang S.-Q. , Metcalf Harold J. , Hatamian S. 
Published: February 2023

We have discovered a new cooling process that uses an applied magnetic field to mix differentially light shifted atomic ground state sublevels. In related experiments cooling is achieved by mixing caused by polarization gradients. Because the energy loss mechanism stems from the light shift and not the momentum transfer of a scattering event, the accessible temperature is much lower than the limit of Doppler cooling. We used this method for optical collimation of an 85Rb atomic beam to a transverse rms speed of 3 cm/s, well below the

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of the Doppler limit for two-level atoms in this 1-D optical molasses. This low velocity, limited only by experimental geometry, is achieved only when a magnetic field of ~20 µT is applied perpendicular to the axis of the circularly polarized diode laser beam. We use a thermal beam of natural Rb produced by an oven at T ~ 150°C with an ~0.33-mm diam aperture and a defining aperture of ~0.33-mm diam about 24 cm away. The atoms are optically collimated by laser beams transverse to their motion that excite the transition at λ = 780 nm. The atomic beam profile is measured with a vertically oriented scanning hot tungsten wire, 25 µm in diameter, 1.3 m away.
Sensor-based telerehabilitation system increases patient adherence after knee surgery
Authors: Höher Jürgen , Lischke Betty , Petersen Wolf , Mengis Natalie , Niederer Daniel , Stein Thomas , Stoffels Thomas , Prill Robert , Schmidt-Lucke Caroline 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesImplementing evidence-based recommendations with the option of patient-individualised and situation-specific adaptations in telerehabilitation may increase adherence with improved clinical outcome.MethodsAs part of a registry-embedded hybrid design (part 1), digital medical device (DMD)-usage in a home-based setting was analysed in a multinational registry. The DMD combines an inertial motion-sensor system with instructions for exercises and functional tests on smartphones. A prospective, single-blinded, patient-controlled, multicentre intervention study (DRKS00023857) compared implementation capacity of the DMD to standard physiotherapy (part 2). Usage patterns by health care providers (HCP) were assessed (part 3).Results and conclusionRegistry raw data (10,311 measurements) were analysed from 604 DMD-users, demonstrating clinically expected rehabilitation progression post knee injuries. DMD-users performed tests for range-of-motion, coordination and strength/speed enabling insight to stage-specific rehabilitation (χ2= 44.9, p<0.001). Intention-to-treat-analysis (part 2) revealed DMD-users to have significantly higher adherence to the rehabilitation intervention compared to the matched patient-control-group (86% [77–91] vs. 74% [68–82], p<0.05). DMD-users performed recommended exercises at home with higher intensity (p<0.05). HCP used DMD for clinical decision making. No adverse events related to the DMD were reported. Adherence to standard therapy recommendations can be increased using novel high quality DMD with high potential to improve clinical rehabilitation outcome, enabling evidence-based telerehabilitation.