bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transgenerational impact of grand‐paternal lifetime exposures to both folic acid deficiency and supplementation on genome‐wide DNA methylation in male germ cells
Authors: Chan Donovan , Ly Lundi , Rebolledo Edgar Martínez Duncker , Martel Josée , Landry Mylène , Scott‐Boyer Marie‐Pier , Droit Arnaud , Trasler Jacquetta M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundDNA methylation (DNAme) erasure and reacquisition occur during prenatal male germ cell development; some further remodeling takes place after birth during spermatogenesis. Environmental insults during germline epigenetic reprogramming may affect DNAme, presenting a potential mechanism for transmission of environmental exposures across multiple generations.ObjectivesWe investigated how germ cell DNAme is impacted by lifetime exposures to diets containing either low or high, clinically relevant, levels of the methyl donor folic acid and whether resulting DNAme alterations were inherited in germ cells of male offspring of subsequent generations.Materials and methodsFemale mice were placed on a control (FCD), 7‐fold folic acid deficient (7FD) or 10‐ to 20‐fold supplemented (10FS and 20FS) diet before and during pregnancy. Resulting F1 litters were weaned on the respective diets. F2 and F3 males received control diets. Genome‐wide DNAme at cytosines (within CpG sites) was assessed in F1 spermatogonia, and in F1, F2 and F3 sperm.ResultsIn F1 germ cells, a greater number of differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs) were observed in spermatogonia as compared with F1 sperm for all folic acid diets. DMCs were lower in number in F2 versus F1 sperm, while an unexpected increase was found in F3 sperm. DMCs were predominantly hypomethylated, with genes in neurodevelopmental pathways commonly affected in F1, F2 and F3 male germ cells. While no DMCs were found to be significantly inherited inter‐ or transgenerationally, we observed over‐representation of repetitive elements, particularly young long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs).Discussion and conclusionThese results suggest that the prenatal window is the time most susceptible to folate‐induced alterations in sperm DNAme in male germ cells. Altered methylation of specific sites in F1 germ cells was not present in later generations. However, the presence of DNAme perturbations in the sperm of males of the F2 and F3 generations suggests that epigenetic inheritance mechanisms other than DNAme may have been impacted by the folate diet exposure of F1 germ cells.
ADAD2 functions in spermiogenesis and piRNA biogenesis in mice
Authors: Lu Yonggang , Nagamori Ippei , Kobayashi Hisato , Kojima‐Kita Kanako , Shirane Kenjiro , Chang Hsin‐Yi , Nishimura Toru , Koyano Takayuki , Yu Zhifeng , Castañeda Julio M. , Matsuyama Makoto , Kuramochi‐Miyagawa Satomi , Matzuk Martin M. , Ikawa Masahito 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundAdenosine deaminase domain containing 2 (ADAD2) is a testis‐specific protein composed of a double‐stranded RNA binding domain and a non‐catalytic adenosine deaminase domain. A recent study showed that ADAD2 is indispensable for the male reproduction in mice. However, the detailed functions of ADAD2 remain elusive.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the cause of male sterility inAdad2mutant mice and to understand the molecular functions of ADAD2.Materials and methodsAdad2homozygous mutant mouse lines,Adad2–/–andAdad2Δ/Δ, were generated by CRISPR/Cas9. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to reveal the expression and subcellular localization of ADAD2. Co‐immunoprecipitation tandem mass spectrometry was employed to determine the ADAD2‐interacting proteins in mouse testes. RNA‐sequencing analyses were carried out to analyze the transcriptome and PIWI‐interacting RNA (piRNA) populations in wildtype andAdad2mutant testes.ResultsAdad2–/–andAdad2Δ/Δmice exhibit male‐specific sterility because of abnormal spermiogenesis. ADAD2 interacts with multiple RNA‐binding proteins involved in piRNA biogenesis, including MILI, MIWI, RNF17, and YTHDC2. ADAD2 co‐localizes and forms novel granules with RNF17 in spermatocytes. Ablation of ADAD2 impairs the formation of RNF17 granules, decreases the number of cluster‐derived pachytene piRNAs, and increases expression of ping‐pong‐derived piRNAs.Discussion and conclusionIn collaboration with RNF17 and other RNA‐binding proteins in spermatocytes, ADAD2 directly or indirectly functions in piRNA biogenesis.
Interventional radiology in obstetric patients: A population‐based record linkage study of use and outcomes
Authors: Baldwin Heather J. , Randall Deborah A. , Maher Richard , West Simon P. , Torvaldsen Siranda , Morris Jonathan M. , Patterson Jillian A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionInterventional radiology (IR) is a technique for controlling hemorrhage and preserving fertility for women with serious obstetric conditions such as placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) or postpartum hemorrhage. This study examined maternal, pregnancy and hospital characteristics and outcomes for women receiving IR in pregnancy and postpartum.Material and methodsA population‐based record linkage study was conducted, including all women who gave birth in hospital in New South Wales or the major tertiary hospital in the neighboring Australian Capital Territory, Australia, between 2003 and 2019. Data were obtained from birth and hospital records. Characteristics and outcomes of women who underwent IR in pregnancy or postpartum are described. Outcomes following IR were compared in a high‐risk cohort of women: those with PAS who had a planned cesarean with hysterectomy. Women were grouped by those who did and those who did did not have IR and were matched using propensity score and other factors.ResultsWe identified IR in 236 pregnancies of 1 584 708 (15.0 per 100 000), including 208 in the delivery and 26 in a postpartum admission. Two‐thirds of women receiving IR in the birth admission received a transfusion of red cells or blood products, 28% underwent hysterectomy and 12.5% were readmitted within 6 weeks. Other complications included: severe maternal morbidity (29.8%), genitourinary tract trauma/repair (17.3%) and deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism (4.3%). Outcomes for women with PAS who underwent planned cesarean with hysterectomy were similar for those who did and did not receive IR, with a small reduction in transfusion requirement for those who received IR.ConclusionsInterventional radiology is infrequently used in pregnant women. In our study it was performed at a limited number of hospitals, largely tertiary centers, with the level of adverse outcomes reflecting use in a high‐risk population. For women with PAS undergoing planned cesarean with hysterectomy, most outcomes were similar for those receiving IR and those not receiving IR, but IR may reduce bleeding.
Multiple sclerosis and circadian rhythms: Can diet act as a treatment?
Authors: Pivovarova‐Ramich Olga , Zimmermann Hanna Gwendolyn , Paul Friedemann 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with increasing incidence and prevalence. MS is associated with inflammatory and metabolic disturbances that, as preliminary human and animal data suggest, might be mediated by disruption of circadian rhythmicity. Nutrition habits can influence the risk for MS, and dietary interventions may be effective in modulating MS disease course. Chronotherapeutic approaches such as time‐restricted eating (TRE) may benefit people with MS by stabilizing the circadian clock and restoring immunological and metabolic rhythms, thus potentially counteracting disease progression. This review provides a summary of selected studies on dietary intervention in MS, circadian rhythms, and their disruption in MS, including clock gene variations, circadian hormones, and retino‐hypothalamic tract changes. Furthermore, we present studies that reported diurnal variations in MS, which might result from circadian disruption. And lastly, we suggest how chrononutritive approaches like TRE might counteract MS disease activity.
Piloting a classification framework for the types of evidence used in alcohol policymaking
Authors: Kowalski Michala , Wilkinson Claire , Livingston Michael , Ritter Alison 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionMost studies of alcohol policy have focussed on the role of industry. However, little is known about the evidence base used in alcohol policymaking or policymakers' actions in the field. Here, we mapped the different evidence types used in a case study to construct a classification framework of the evidence types used in alcohol policymaking.MethodsUsing a case study from the state‐level in Australia, we used content analysis to delineate the evidence types cited across six phases of a policymaking process. We then grouped these types into a higher‐level classification framework. We used descriptive statistics to study how the different evidence types were used in the policymaking process.ResultsThirty‐one evidence types were identified in the case study, across four classes of knowledge: person knowledge, shared knowledge, studied knowledge and practice knowledge. The participating public preferenced studied knowledge. Policymakers preferenced practice knowledge over all other types of knowledge.Discussion and ConclusionThe classification framework expands on models of evidence and knowledge used across public health, by mapping new evidence types and proposing an inductive method of classification. The policymakers' preferences found here are in line with theories regarding the alcohol industry's influence on policymaking. The classification framework piloted here can provide a useful tool to examine the evidence base used in decision‐making. Further study of evidence types used in policymaking processes can help inform research translation and advocacy efforts to produce healthier alcohol policies.
The Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs' submission to the consultation draft National Tobacco Strategy 2022–2030
Authors: Courtney Ryan , Gupta Deepali , Gould Gillian Sandra 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTobacco use continues to be a leading cause of death and morbidity globally. At the core of Australia's response to tobacco‐related harms is the National Tobacco Strategy which highlights a national collaborative framework to reduce prevalence, and associated health, social and economic impacts of tobacco use. A draft National Tobacco Strategy (2022–2030) has recently been released for consultation and as members of the Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs' Special Interest Group for Smoking Cessation Professionals we provide a commentary on key successes of the previous National Tobacco Strategy, and suggestions for improvement areas to strengthen Australia's policy response to tobacco and e‐cigarette‐related issues.
Determinants of gait dystonia severity in cerebral palsy
Authors: Aravamuthan Bhooma R. , Pearson Toni S. , Ueda Keisuke , Miao Hanyang , Zerafati‐Jahromi Gazelle , Gilbert Laura , Comella Cynthia , Perlmutter Joel S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimTo determine the movement features governing expert assessment of gait dystonia severity in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodIn this prospective cohort study, three movement disorder neurologists graded lower extremity dystonia severity in gait videos of individuals with CP using a 10‐point Likert‐like scale. Using conventional content analysis, we determined the features experts cited when grading dystonia severity. Then, using open‐source pose estimation techniques, we determined gait variable analogs of these expert‐cited features correlating with their assessments of dystonia severity.ResultsExperts assessed videos from 116 participants (46 with dystonia aged 15 years [SD 3] and 70 without dystonia aged 15 years [SD 2], both groups ranging 10–20 years old and 50% male). Variable limb adduction was most commonly cited by experts when identifying dystonia, comprising 60% of expert statements. Effect on gait (regularity, stability, trajectory, speed) and dystonia amplitude were common features experts used to determine dystonia severity, comprising 19% and 13% of statements respectively. Gait variables assessing adduction variability and amplitude (inter‐ankle distance variance and foot adduction amplitude) were significantly correlated with expert assessment of dystonia severity (multiple linear regression, p < 0.001).InterpretationAdduction variability and amplitude are quantifiable gait features that correlate with expert‐determined gait dystonia severity in individuals with CP. Consideration of these features could help optimize and standardize the clinical assessment of gait dystonia severity in individuals with CP.
Combined effect of stimulation and electromagnetic induction on absence seizure inhibition in coupled thalamocortical circuits
Authors: Xie Yan , Zhang Hudong , Pan Yufeng , Chai Yuan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDeep brain stimulation (DBS) and electromagnetic induction are new techniques that are increasingly used in modern epilepsy treatments; however, the mechanism of action remains unclear. In this study, we constructed a bidirectional‐coupled cortico‐thalamic model, based on which we proposed three regulation schemes: isolated regulation of DBS, isolated regulation of electromagnetic induction and combined regulation of the previous two. In particular, we introduced DBS with a lower amplitude and considered the influence of electromagnetic induction caused by the transmembrane current on the membrane potential. The most striking finding of this study is that the three therapeutic schemes could effectively control abnormal discharge, and combined regulation could reduce the occurrence of epileptic seizures more effectively. The present study bridges the gap between the bidirectional coupling model and combined control. In this way, the damage induced by electrical stimulation of the patient's brain tissue could be reduced, and the abnormal physiological discharge pattern of the cerebral cortex was simultaneously regulated by different techniques. This work opens new avenues for improving brain dysfunction in patients with epilepsy, expands ideas for promoting the development of neuroscience and is meaningful for improving the health of modern society and developing the field of science.
Climate change in the Arctic: Testing the poleward expansion of ticks and tick‐borne diseases
Authors: McCoy Karen D. , Toty Céline , Dupraz Marlène , Tornos Jérémy , Gamble Amandine , Garnier Romain , Descamps Sébastien , Boulinier Thierry 
Published: January 2023

AbstractClimate change is most strongly felt in the polar regions of the world, with significant impacts on the species that live there. The arrival of parasites and pathogens from more temperate areas may become a significant problem for these populations, but current observations of parasite presence often lack a historical reference of prior absence. Observations in the high Arctic of the seabird tick Ixodes uriae suggested that this species expanded poleward in the last two decades in relation to climate change. As this tick can have a direct impact on the breeding success of its seabird hosts and vectors several pathogens, including Lyme disease spirochaetes, understanding its invasion dynamics is essential for predicting its impact on polar seabird populations. Here, we use population genetic data and host serology to test the hypothesis that I. uriae recently expanded into Svalbard. Both black‐legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) and thick‐billed murres (Uria lomvia) were sampled for ticks and blood in Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen. Ticks were genotyped using microsatellite markers and population genetic analyses were performed using data from 14 reference populations from across the tick's northern distribution. In contrast to predictions, the Spitsbergen population showed high genetic diversity and significant differentiation from reference populations, suggesting long‐term isolation. Host serology also demonstrated a high exposure rate to Lyme disease spirochaetes (Bbsl). Targeted PCR and sequencing confirmed the presence of Borrelia garinii in a Spitsbergen tick, demonstrating the presence of Lyme disease bacteria in the high Arctic for the first time. Taken together, results contradict the notion that I. uriae has recently expanded into the high Arctic. Rather, this tick has likely been present for some time, maintaining relatively high population sizes and an endemic transmission cycle of Bbsl. Close future observations of population infestation/infection rates will now be necessary to relate epidemiological changes to ongoing climate modifications.
Circulating effector γδ T cell populations are associated with acute coronavirus disease 19 in unvaccinated individuals
Authors: von Borstel Anouk , Nguyen Thi HO , Rowntree Louise C , Ashhurst Thomas M , Allen Lilith F , Howson Lauren J , Holmes Natasha E , Smibert Olivia C , Trubiano Jason A , Gordon Claire L , Cheng Allen C , Kent Stephen J , Rossjohn Jamie , Kedzierska Katherine , Davey Martin S 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection causes severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in a small proportion of infected individuals. The immune system plays an important role in the defense against SARS‐CoV‐2, but our understanding of the cellular immune parameters that contribute to severe COVID‐19 disease is incomplete. Here, we show that populations of effector γδ T cells are associated with COVID‐19 in unvaccinated patients with acute disease. We found that circulating CD27negCD45RA+CX3CR1+ Vδ1effector cells expressing Granzymes (Gzms) were enriched in COVID‐19 patients with acute disease. Moreover, higher frequencies of GzmB+ Vδ2+ T cells were observed in acute COVID‐19 patients. SARS‐CoV‐2 infection did not alter the γδ T cell receptor repertoire of either Vδ1+ or Vδ2+ subsets. Our work demonstrates an association between effector populations of γδ T cells and acute COVID‐19 in unvaccinated individuals.
Randomised clinical trial to test the phenolization in sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease
Authors: Elvira Lopez Jordi , Escuder Perez Jorge , Sales Mallafre Ricard , Feliu Villaro Francsec , Caro Tarrago Aleidis , Espina Perez Beatriz , Ferreres Serafini Joan , Jorba Martin Rosa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTo test the efficacy and safety of phenolization in uncomplicated Sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease (SPD) the phenolization in uncomplicated SPD is feasible and secure in selected patients in observational studies. The greatest benefits are obtained to reduce the length of sick leave (LSL) and complications. Single‐center randomised controlled clinical trial. Patients were recruited at University Hospital of Tarragona Joan XXIII of Spain. Patients were randomised into two treatment groups. All patients with uncomplicated sacrococcygeal disease, localised in the midline and with only 1 fistulous orifice. The patients were randomly assigned to the phenolization group (PhG) or conventional‐surgery group (CsG). Both groups were managed without admission. The main endpoint was the recurrence of sacrococcygeal disease. Secondary endpoints included time of sick leave, complications, and readmission. 124 patients were included in the study. No disease recurrence was observed in either group. Clinical follow‐up was carried out with a mean of 493.8 days (SD 6.59). The LSL was shorter in the PhG (mean 19.63 days, SD 28.15) than in the CSG (43.95 days, SD 38.60). The LSL reduction was −24.31 days (P .002). The phenolization in selected SPD is a safe and feasible procedure in selected patients. This approach could become the standard of care for patients with selected Sacrococcygeal pilonidal.
Co‐optimization of microwave dielectric properties in Ba(Mg1/3Ta2/3)O3 complex perovskite ceramics through ordered domain engineering
Authors: Kang Zhi Hua , Guo Rui Ze , Da Shi Rui , Zhu Xiao Li , Chen Xiang Ming 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIt is an important subject to improve the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf) and thermal conductivity (κ) of microwave dielectric ceramics without reducing the Qf value. Ordered domain engineering was applied to realize the previous objectives in Ba(Mg1/3Ta2/3)O3 ceramics. With the increasing ordering degree from 0.835 to 0.897, the optimized Qf value was obtained. Meanwhile, near zero τf from 11.9 to 5.6 ppm °C−1 was achieved, together with increased κ from 5.5 to 7.6 W m−1 K−1, and enhanced dielectric strength from 801 to 921 kV cm−1. The noticeable ordered domain structure with large ordered domains (∼100 nm) and low‐energy domain boundaries was revealed in Ba(Mg1/3Ta2/3)O3. The consequent weakened phonon scattering rises the thermal conductivity. The increased bond covalency and oxygen distortion in ceramics with higher ordering degree were suggested as a cause of enlarged bandgap, which enhanced the dielectric strength. The reduced τf is dominated by the less “rattling” space of the cations in the ordered state by inducing more positive τε. The reduced τf, optimized thermal conductivity, and Qf value in the present work indicate that the ordered domain engineering could open up a new direction for the optimization of microwave dielectric ceramics.
Growth of titania and tin oxide from Ti2SnC via rapid thermal oxidation in air for lithium‐ion battery application
Authors: Jolly Shae , Husmann Samantha , Presser Volker , Naguib Michael 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHerein, we report the synthesis of TiO2–SnO2–C/carbide hybrid electrode materials for Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) via two different methods of controlled oxidation of layered Ti2SnC. The material was partially oxidized in an open‐air furnace (OAF) or using a rapid thermal annealing (RTA) approach to obtain the desired TiO2–SnO2–C/carbide hybrid material; the carbide phase encompassed both residual Ti2SnC and TiC as a reaction product. We tested the oxidized materials as an anode in a half cell to investigate their electrochemical performance in LIBs. Analysis of the various oxidation conditions indicated the highest initial lithiation capacity of 838 mAh/g at 100 mA/g for the sample oxidized in the OAF at 700°C for 1 h. Still, the delithiation capacity dropped to 427 mAh/g and faded over cycling. Long‐term cycling demonstrated that the RTA sample treated at 800°C for 30 s was the most efficient, as it demonstrated a reversible capacity of around 270 mAh/g after 150 cycles, as well as a specific capacity of about 150 mAh/g under high cycling rate (2000 mA/g). Given the materials’ promising performance, this processing method could likely be applied to many other members of the MAX family, with a wide range of energy storage applications.
Crystallization in a soda–lime‐silicate glass after high pressure
Authors: Abel da Silveira Rafael , Hippler Gisele , Evaristo Leonardo , Buchner Silvio 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis work explored the permanent changes a high pressure (HP) processing could cause on nucleation, Raman vibrational modes, thermal, and mechanical properties of the Na2O • 2CaO • 3SiO2(N1C2S3) glass. It was shown that, with higher pressure values, the number of nuclei per unit of volume,NV, has decreased. Raman spectra showed no significant changes in the vibrational modes; however, the differential thermal analysis performed indicated that the glass transition temperatures,Tg, were higher than the pristine glass sample and that HP caused the glass to be less stable. The Vickers indentation radial cracks remained constant; however, the lateral cracks increased in size, indicating that the glass is more stressed after HP, and therefore, the relaxation time for nucleation will be higher, loweringNVfurther, as observed.