bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multifaceted strategy to optimize pharmacokinetics of antimicrobial therapy in patients with hospital-acquired infections—a monocentre quality improvement project
Authors: Lagarde Cecile , Bouras Marwan , Le Floch Ronan , Hourmant Yannick , Grillot Nicolas , Bourdiol Alexandre , Mahe Pierre Joachim , Demeure Dit Latte Dominique , Gregoire Matthieu , Dailly Eric , Bellouard Ronan , Asehnoune Karim , Cinotti Raphael , Roquilly Antoine 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective
We assessed the efficacy of a quality improvement programme to optimize the delivery of antimicrobial therapy in critically ill patients with hospital-acquired infections (HAI).

Patients and methods
Before–after trial in a university hospital in France. Consecutive adults receiving systemic antimicrobial therapy for HAI were included. Patients received standard care during the pre-intervention period (June 2017 to November 2017). The quality improvement programme was implemented in December 2017. During the intervention period (January 2018 to June 2019), clinicians were trained to dose adjustment based on therapeutic drug monitoring and continuous infusion of β-lactam antibiotics. The primary endpoint was the mortality rate at day 90.

Results
A total of 198 patients were included (58 pre-intervention, 140 intervention). The compliance with the therapeutic drug monitoring-dose adaptation increased from 20.3% to 59.3% after the intervention (P &lt; 0.0001). The 90-day mortality rate was 27.6% in the pre-intervention period and 17.3% in the intervention group (adjusted relative risk 0.53, 95%CI 0.27–1.07, P = 0.08). Treatment failures were observed in 22 (37.9%) patients before and 36 (25.7%) patients after the intervention (P = 0.07).

Conclusions
Recommendations for therapeutic drug monitoring-dose adaptation and continuous infusion of β-lactam antibiotics were not associated with a reduction in the 90-day mortality rate in patients with HAI.
In vitro activity of sulopenem and comparator agents against Enterobacterales and anaerobic clinical isolates collected during the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program
Authors: Maher Joshua M , Huband Michael D , Blankers Christopher G , Puttagunta Sailaja , Aronin Steven I , Castanheira Mariana 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Physicians must leverage several factors when making antibiotic therapy decisions, including route of administration and duration of therapy. Oral administration provides several potential advantages including increased accessibility, prevention of hospitalizations and earlier discharges. Sulopenem—a broad-spectrum, synthetic penem β-lactam agent—uniquely possesses both oral and IV formulations along with noted stability among antimicrobial-resistant subsets. This study evaluated the in vitro activity of sulopenem and comparator agents against contemporary Enterobacterales and anaerobic clinical isolates predominantly from patients with bloodstream, intra-abdominal and urinary tract infections.

Methods
A contemporary collection of 1647 Enterobacterales and 559 anaerobic isolates was assembled from medical centres in Europe and the USA. Isolates were susceptibility tested using the CLSI reference methods: broth microdilution for Enterobacterales and agar dilution for anaerobes.

Results
Sulopenem demonstrated potent in vitro antimicrobial activity (MIC50/90, 0.03/0.25 mg/L) against Enterobacterales isolates regardless of infection type, inhibiting 99.2% of isolates at ≤1 mg/L. This activity was conserved against resistant phenotypes including ESBL-phenotype Escherichia coli (MIC50/90, 0.03/0.06 mg/L) and ESBL-phenotype Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC50/90, 0.06/1 mg/L). Sulopenem maintained activity against ciprofloxacin-, nitrofurantoin- and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole-non-susceptible subsets (MIC50/90, 0.03–0.06/0.12–0.5 mg/L). Against anaerobic isolates, sulopenem (98.9% inhibited at ≤4 mg/L) and meropenem [98.4% susceptible (CLSI)] were the most active compounds tested.

Conclusions
The potent in vitro activity of sulopenem against this large collection of recent Enterobacterales and anaerobic clinical isolates from multiple infection types supports its further clinical evaluation in the treatment of intra-abdominal and urinary tract infections.
Validation of the CompactDry “Nissui” BC for Enumeration of Bacillus cereus in a Variety of Foods: AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM 092201
Authors: Koyanagi Yusuke , Yamazaki Tomoki , Betts Gail 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
The CompactDry “Nissui” BC is a ready-to-use dry media sheet using a chromogenic medium with selective agents for the detection and enumeration of Bacillus cereus in products after incubation at 30 ± 1°C for 24 ± 2 h.

Objective
The CompactDry “Nissui” BC method was validated to achieve AOAC Performance Tested MethodsSM certification.

Method
The performance of the CompactDry “Nissui” BC was compared to that of ISO 7932:2004 for 10 matrixes, including panna cotta, double cream, dried baby food, dried vegetable soup mix, seafood sticks, salmon pâté, sliced ham, pork liver pâté, ham and cheese sandwich, and Caesar pasta salad with chicken and bacon. Performance indicators included repeatability, difference of means (DOM), and inclusivity/exclusivity.

Results
After log10 transformation of the data, the relative standard deviation of repeatability (RSDr) was ≤9.2% for 28 of the 30 materials (10 matrixes each at three contamination levels) analyzed by the CompactDry “Nissui” BC method and ≤13% for 27 of the 30 matrix/level combinations analyzed by the reference method. Method equivalence was demonstrated in 28 of the 30 matrix/level combinations based on the 90% confidence interval of the DOM being within (-0.5, 0.5). For inclusivity, 47 of 50 strains tested showed typical colonies and confirmed positive. For exclusivity, 28 of 33 strains tested resulted in no growth or were negative, and five were positive. Inclusivity and exclusivity results were similar on the reference method agar. The method was shown to be robust to changes in sample volume, incubation temperature, and incubation time, and data are presented supporting product consistency and 18-month shelf life.

Conclusions
The CompactDry “Nissui” BC method is validated for the determination of Bacillus cereus in a variety of matrixes.

Highlights
The CompactDry “Nissui” BC method is equivalent to the ISO 7932:2004 reference method and is suitable for Performance Tested MethodsSM certification for the matrixes tested.
Effects of lasalocid, narasin, or virginiamycin supplementation on rumen parameters and performance of beef cattle fed forage-based diet
Authors: Miszura Alexandre Arantes , Marques Rodrigo S , Polizel Daniel Montanher , Cappellozza Bruno Ieda , Cruz Vinicius Alves , Ogg Makayla Anne , Barroso José Paulo Roman , Oliveira Gabriela Bagio , Martins André Storti , Limede Arnaldo Cintra , Ferreira Evandro Maia , Gouvêa Vinícius N , Pires Alexandre Vaz 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Two experiments were designed to evaluate the impacts of supplementing lasalocid (LAS), narasin (NAR), or virginiamycin (VRM) on rumen fermentation parameters, apparent nutrient digestibility, and blood parameters (Exp. 1), as well as feed intake and performance (Exp. 2) of Nellore cattle consuming a forage-based diet. In Exp. 1, 32 rumen-fistulated Nellore steers (initial shrunk body weight [BW] = 355 ± 4.4 kg) were assigned to a randomized complete block design. Within block, animals were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: 1) forage-based diet without feed additives (CON), 2) CON diet plus 13 mg/kg of dry matter (DM) of NAR, 3) CON diet plus 20 mg/kg of DM of sodium LAS, or 4) CON diet plus 20 mg/kg of DM of VRM. No treatment effects were detected (P ≥ 0.32) for intake and apparent digestibility of nutrients. Steers fed NAR had the lowest (P ≤ 0.01) molar proportion of acetate on day 28, 56, and 112 vs. CON, LAS, and VRM steers, whereas acetate did not differ (P ≥ 0.25) between LAS, VRM, and CON steers from day 28 to 84. On day 112, steers fed LAS had a lower (P &lt; 0.02) molar proportion of acetate vs. VRM and CON, whereas it did not differ between CON and VRM (P &gt; 0.33). Steers receiving NAR had a greater (P ≤ 0.04) ruminal propionate vs. CON, LAS, and VRM, whereas LAS steers had greater (P &lt; 0.04) propionate vs. CON and VRM steers on day 28 and 112, and it did not differ (P &gt; 0.22) between CON and VRM. In Exp. 2, 160 Nellore bulls were blocked by initial shrunk BW (212 ± 3.1 kg) in a 140-d feedlot trial. Diets contained the same treatments used in Exp. 1. Bulls fed NAR had greater (P &lt; 0.02) average daily gain (ADG) vs. CON and VRM, and similar (P = 0.17) ADG between NAR and LAS, whereas ADG did not differ (P &gt; 0.28) between LAS, VRM, and CON bulls. A treatment effect was detected (P = 0.03) for dry matter intake, being greater in NAR vs. CON, LAS, and VRM bulls, and similar (P &gt; 0.48) between CON, LAS, and VRM bulls. A tendency was detected (P = 0.09) for feed efficiency, which was greater (P &lt; 0.02) in NAR bulls vs. CON and VRM, and similar (P = 0.36) between NAR and LAS bulls. From day 112 to 140, bulls receiving NAR were heavier (P &lt; 0.03) vs. CON, LAS, and VRM bulls, but no differences were observed (P &gt; 0.51) between CON, LAS, and VRM bulls. Collectively, ruminal fermentation profile and intake were impacted by NAR supplementation, which partially contributed to the enhanced performance of Nellore bulls receiving a forage-based diet.
Managing Externalities in the WTO: The Agreement On Fisheries Subsidies
Authors: Hoekman Bernard M , Mavroidis Petros C , Sasmal Sunayana 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
By prohibiting subsidies that support illegal, unregulated, or unreported fishing activities and contribute to the unsustainable depletion of marine resources, the 2022 Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies (AFS) is the first World Trade Organization (WTO) treaty to recognize that a specific trade policy instrument can have adverse consequences for the global commons. We assess the AFS as such and through the lens of the broader challenge confronting WTO members in determining how to address subsidy spillovers and adapt trade policy rules to protect the global commons. While the AFS is a step forward for the WTO, definitions of what constitutes a subsidy and the approach taken to ensure transparency are those that have been part of the WTO since 1995 and have become the cause for contestation and calls for reform. We suggest ways in which birth defects can be addressed while implementing and expanding the coverage of the agreement.
Immune profiling in Puerto Rican injection drug users with and without HIV-1 infection
Authors: Bennett Sydney J , Davila Carmen Ana , Reyes Zahiraliz , Valentín-Acevedo Aníbal , Gocchi Carrasco Kim , Abadie Roberto , Marlin M Caleb , Beel Marci , Chapple Andrew G , Fernando Samodha , Guthridge Joel M , Chiou Kathy S , Dombrowski Kirk , West John T , Wood Charles 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy has been effective in suppressing HIV viral load and enabling people living with HIV to experience longer, more conventional lives. However, as people living with HIV are living longer, they are developing aging-related diseases prematurely and are more susceptible to comorbidities that have been linked to chronic inflammation. Coincident with HIV infection and aging, drug abuse has also been independently associated with gut dysbiosis, microbial translocation, and inflammation. Here, we hypothesized that injection drug use would exacerbate HIV-induced immune activation and inflammation, thereby intensifying immune dysfunction. We recruited 50 individuals not using injection drugs (36/50 HIV+) and 47 people who inject drugs (PWID, 12/47 HIV+). All but 3 of the HIV+ subjects were on antiretroviral therapy. Plasma immune profiles were characterized by immunoproteomics, and cellular immunophenotypes were assessed using mass cytometry. The immune profiles of HIV+/PWID−, HIV−/PWID+, and HIV+/PWID+ were each significantly different from controls; however, few differences between these groups were detected, and only 3 inflammatory mediators and 2 immune cell populations demonstrated a combinatorial effect of injection drug use and HIV infection. In conclusion, a comprehensive analysis of inflammatory mediators and cell immunophenotypes revealed remarkably similar patterns of immune dysfunction in HIV-infected individuals and in people who inject drugs with and without HIV-1 infection.
Rickettsioses imported by travellers and migrants to Spain attended in the +Redivi network, 2009–2020
Authors: Llenas-García Jara , Cañaveral Ramiro , Arsuaga Marta , Monge-Maillo Begoña , Oliveira-Souto Inés , Torrús-Tendero Diego , Rodríguez Guardado Azucena , Calabuig Eva , Sánchez-Montalvá Adrián , Domínguez-Castellano Ángel , de la Calle-Prieto Fernando , Pérez-Molina José A 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Rickettsioses are emerging zoonotic diseases with worldwide prevalence, recognized as a cause of imported fever in travellers and migrants. Our objective is to describe the microbiological, clinical and epidemiological characteristics of imported rickettsioses in travellers and migrants included in a Spanish collaborative network database.

Methods
This multicentre retrospective observational study was nested in +Redivi, the Cooperative Network for the Study of Infections Imported by Immigrants and Travellers. We asked collaborating centres for microbiological, clinical and epidemiological data on the rickettsiosis cases from the inception of the network in 2009 to December 2020.

Results
Fifty-four cases of imported rickettsioses were included; 35 (64.8%) patients were men, and the median age was 37 years (interquartile range 26, 51.2). Only 7.4% of patients were travellers visiting friends and relatives, and 5.6% were migrants. The most frequent travel destination (38.9%) was South Africa, and 90.7% engaged in a high-risk activity. Twenty-seven patients (50.0%) started presenting symptoms after their return to Spain. The most frequent symptoms were febrile syndrome (55.6%) and cutaneous manifestations (27.8%). Most diagnoses (63.0%) were confirmed by serology. Only a few cases (9.3%) required hospitalization. All participants had a full recovery.

Conclusions
Clinicians should suspect rickettsial diseases in travellers coming from high-risk areas, especially Southern Africa, who have engaged in activities in rural areas and natural parks. Doxycycline should be considered in the empiric treatment of imported fever of travellers coming from those areas or who have engaged in high-risk activities. There is a need to improve access to molecular diagnosis of rickettsiosis in Spain.
Scheduling pre-operative assessment clinic with answer set programming
Authors: Caruso Simone , Galatà Giuseppe , Maratea Marco , Mochi Marco , Porro Ivan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The problem of scheduling pre-operative assessment clinic (PAC) consists of assigning patients to a day for the exams needed before a surgical procedure, taking into account patients with different priority levels, due dates and operators availability. Realizing a satisfying schedule is of upmost importance for a hospital, since delay in PAC can cause delay in the subsequent phases, thus lowering patients’ satisfaction. In this paper, we propose a two-phase solution to the PAC problem: in the first phase, patients are assigned to a day taking into account a default list of exams; then, in the second phase, having the actual list of exams needed by each patient, we use the results of the first phase to assign a starting time to each exam. We first present a mathematical formulation for both problems. Further, we present a solution where modeling and solving are done via answer set programming. We then introduce a rescheduling solution that may come into play when the scheduling solution cannot be applied fully. Experiments employing synthetic benchmarks on both scheduling and rescheduling show that both solutions provide satisfying results in short time. We finally show the implementation and usage of a web application that allows to run our scheduling solution and analyze the results graphically in a transparent way.
In Vivo Wound-Healing Effect of Chemical and Green Synthesized Chitosan Nanoparticles Using Lawsonia inermis Ethanolic Extract
Authors: Metwally Asmaa A , Soliman Ahmed S , Abdel-Hady Abdel-Nasser A A , Ebnalwaled Khaled , Mohamedien Dalia , Abdelhameed Abeer A , Saied AbdulRahman A 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Wounds can be a result of surgery, an accident, or other factors. There is still a challenge to find effective topical wound-healing agents. This study aims to investigate the wound-healing activity of chemical and green synthesized chitosan nanoparticles (Ch-NPs) using Lawsonia inermis leaves extract. The nanoparticles were morphologically and chemically characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Forty-five adult female albino rats were randomly divided into three groups. The cutaneous surgical wounds were topically treated with 0.9% normal saline (control group), green Ch-NPs (second group), and chemical Ch-NPs gels (third group), respectively. The clinical picture of wounds and histopathological changes were assessed on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 21st days post-treatment. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed great crystallinity and purity of nanoparticles. The studied nanoparticles increased the wound contraction percent (WC%), reduced healing time and wound surface area (WSA), and these results were backed up by histological findings that indicated improved epithelialization, dermal differentiation, collagen deposition, and angiogenesis in treated rats compared with control rats (p &lt; 0.05). We concluded that the wound-healing effects of the studied nanoparticles are encouraging, and further studies for complete assessment are still needed.
From STEM to 4D STEM: Ultrafast Diffraction Mapping with a Hybrid-Pixel Detector
Authors: Stroppa Daniel G , Meffert Matthias , Hoermann Christoph , Zambon Pietro , Bachevskaya Darya  , Remigy Hervé , Schulze-Briese Clemens , Piazza Luca 
Published: April 2023

Abstract4D scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) techniques have been increasingly featured among the electron microscopy characterization approaches, as they provide a perspective of improved information retrieval from samples overall. To make 4D STEM experiments as viable as conventional STEM image acquisition, the recording of diffraction patterns with a pixelated detector at fast frame rates, sufficient sensitivity to capture single electron hits, and high dynamic range is necessary. This paper addresses the recent development in hybrid-pixel detector technology that now allows 4D STEM experiments with a similar setup to conventional STEM imaging with pixel collection time under 10 µs. Application examples on virtual STEM detectors and crystal phase-orientation mapping are presented.
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy Done Right
Authors: Van Der Wal Dirk 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Performance, usability, and even availability of 4D-scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) measurements have historically been compromised by the lack of integration of 4D-STEM components on (S)TEM columns that were not originally designed for this purpose. This article introduces TESCAN TENSOR, the world’s first dedicated 4D-STEM instrument for multimodal characterization of nanoscale morphological, chemical, and structural properties of functional materials, thin films, and natural and synthetic crystals with stand-out 4D-STEM performance and unprecedented usability. 4D-STEM is the microscopy method of choice for nanoscale, multimodal characterization of material properties such as morphology, chemistry, and structure. At each pixel in the STEM dataset, the TENSOR rapidly acquires a diffraction pattern and an energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) spectrum that are perfectly synchronized. Together, diffraction and spectroscopy data encapsulate the full picture of electron beam–specimen interaction, from which a wide range of material properties can be derived. This article will review analytical 4D-STEM applications and discuss how the new 4D-STEM meets these requirements.
FAUST – VIII. The protostellar disc of VLA 1623–2417W and its streamers imaged by ALMA
Authors: Mercimek S , Podio L , Codella C , Chahine L , López-Sepulcre A , Ohashi S , Loinard L , Johnstone D , Menard F , Cuello N , Caselli P , Zamponi J , Aikawa Y , Bianchi E , Busquet G , Pineda J E , Bouvier M , De Simone M , Zhang Y , Sakai N , Chandler C J , Ceccarelli C , Alves F , Durán A , Fedele D , Murillo N , Jiménez-Serra I , Yamamoto S 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
More than 50 per cent of solar-mass stars form in multiple systems. It is therefore crucial to investigate how multiplicity affects the star and planet formation processes at the protostellar stage. We report continuum and C18O (2–1) observations of the VLA 1623–2417 protostellar system at 50 au angular resolution as part of the ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array) Large Program FAUST. The 1.3 mm continuum probes the discs of VLA 1623A, B, and W, and the circumbinary disc of the A1 + A2 binary. The C18O emission reveals, for the first time, the gas in the disc envelope of VLA 1623W. We estimate the dynamical mass of VLA 1623W, Mdyn = 0.45 ± 0.08 M⊙, and the mass of its disc, Mdisc ∼ 6 × 10−3 M⊙. C18O also reveals streamers that extend up to 1000 au, spatially and kinematically connecting the envelope and outflow cavities of the A1 + A2 + B system with the disc of VLA 1623W. The presence of the streamers, as well as the spatial (∼1300 au) and velocity (∼2.2 km s−1) offsets of VLA 1623W, suggests that either sources W and A + B formed in different cores, interacting between them, or source W has been ejected from the VLA 1623 multiple system during its formation. In the latter case, the streamers may funnel material from the envelope and cavities of VLA 1623AB on to VLA 1623W, thus concurring to set its final mass and chemical content.
The Origin of Floral Quartet Formation—Ancient Exon Duplications Shaped the Evolution of MIKC-type MADS-domain Transcription Factor Interactions
Authors: Rümpler Florian , Tessari Chiara , Gramzow Lydia , Gafert Christian , Blohs Marcus , Theißen Günter 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
During development of flowering plants, some MIKC-type MADS-domain transcription factors (MTFs) exert their regulatory function as heterotetrameric complexes bound to two sites on the DNA of target genes. This way they constitute “floral quartets” or related “floral quartet-like complexes” (FQCs), involving a unique multimeric system of paralogous protein interactions. Tetramerization of MTFs is brought about mainly by interactions of keratin-like (K) domains. The K-domain associated with the more ancient DNA-binding MADS-domain during evolution in the stem group of extant streptophytes (charophyte green algae + land plants). However, whether this was sufficient for MTF tetramerization and FQC formation to occur, remains unknown. Here, we provide biophysical and bioinformatic data indicating that FQC formation likely originated in the stem group of land plants in a sublineage of MIKC-type genes termed MIKCC-type genes. In the stem group of this gene lineage, the duplication of the most downstream exon encoding the K-domain led to a C-terminal elongation of the second K-domain helix, thus, generating the tetramerization interface found in extant MIKCC-type proteins. In the stem group of the sister lineage of the MIKCC-type genes, termed MIKC*-type genes, the duplication of two other K-domain exons occurred, extending the K-domain at its N-terminal end. Our data indicate that this structural change prevents heterodimerization between MIKCC-type and MIKC*-type proteins. This way, two largely independent gene regulatory networks could be established, featuring MIKCC-type or MIKC*-type proteins, respectively, that control different aspects of plant development.