bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feeling Open- or Closed-Minded
Authors: Raoul Akila , Huntsinger Jeffrey R. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
“Feeling Open- or Closed-Minded: The Role of Affective Feelings in the Closing or Opening of the Mind” discusses how affective states influence the opening and closing of the mind. This chapter reviews classic theories of affect (e.g., authoritarianism) and their role in open-minded cognition, before exploring more contemporary models (e.g., the affect-as-information account). While the classic approaches, as well as most contemporary approaches, all posit that specific emotions directly influence the opening and closing of the mind, the affect-as-cognitive-feedback account suggests a more flexible effect of affect on open-minded cognition. Researchers originally believed that positive emotions consistently open the mind while negative emotions close the mind. Instead, positive emotions signal one to continue processing in one’s current mental state, while negative emotions signal one to change one’s processing style. The chapter concludes with implications for the role of affect in political polarization, as well as ideas for future research.
Terror Management, Dogmatism, and Open-Mindedness
Authors: Horner Dylan E. , Sielaff Alex , Solomon Sheldon , Greenberg Jeff 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
“Terror Management, Dogmatism, and Open-Mindedness” focuses on insights from terror management theory and associated research programs investigating factors that affect dogmatism and open-mindedness. According to the theory, faith in one’s core beliefs and values buffers existential anxieties and facilitates functioning securely in the world despite the awareness of one’s perpetual vulnerability and ultimate mortality. So, people often cling rigidly and dogmatically to their worldviews to bolster faith in them and thereby sustain their psychological security. A large body of research shows that when death thoughts are close to consciousness, people become more defensive of their worldview, more negative toward alternative worldviews, and more attracted to leaders who espouse simple and rigid worldviews. However, this research also reveals factors that reduce such defensive responses and some that may even contribute to open-mindedness and tolerance. The authors briefly conclude with practical implications of the findings to date and directions for further research.
Addressing the Paradox of Suicide Vulnerability and Resiliency
Authors: Wong Amy 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter addresses the paradox of suicide vulnerability and resiliency by summarizing the risk factors that contribute to suicide ideation: experiencing a history of mental health struggles, intergenerational trauma, an accumulation of difficult days, thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and ongoing suicidal thoughts. It also summarizes the protective factors against suicide death: persisting in the global pandemic, relying on coping strategies and self-reliance, support groups, life skills and self-care practices, experiencing the accumulation of good days, and remembering the reasons for living. The chapter encourages colleges and universities to the call for action with practice recommendations that include creating a more inclusive classroom, participating in affinity groups, supporting family bonding, promoting self-care practices, and developing an Asian American Studies major.
Problematising the Islamic Responses to Human Rights
Authors: Keles Ozcan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the animating problem and the practice-based theoretical solution of this book. To that end, it begins by critically reviewing the Islamic responses to, and literature on, human rights. It then narrows its attention to the (‘rapprochement’) literature that focuses on making Islam compatible with human rights. In so doing, it problematises the epistemological duality that is inherent in the approaches that focus on either Islamic scripture or Muslim sensibility by appraising the challenges associated with each, together. Having done so, this chapter brings together a number of theoretical insights to justify the centering of ‘practice’ as a unifying theoretical paradigm for understanding the relationship between social movement practice and the production of Islamic knowledge on human rights in a manner that recognises the symbiotic relationship between the formalised and experiential facets of religious knowledge, which in turn allows us to overcome the duality problem as problematised earlier.
Operationalising a Practice Approach
Authors: Keles Ozcan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter operationalises the practice-based theoretical paradigm set out in Chapter 2 into a methodological framework. Accordingly, this chapter is divided into three sections. The first explains the methodological approaches triangulated in this book: single-case study analysis, process tracing, and aspects of Davide Nicolini’s (practice theory) toolkit. The second brings together a range of theoretical discussions from different fields and disciplines to reimagine the organisational studies’ (mechanical) notion of knowledge conversion for the purposes of understanding the pre-reflexive, relational, processual, organic, emergent, unintended, tacit-to-explicit knowledge conversion of social movement practice. The third contextualises this reconceptualised notion of knowledge conversion within the epistemic context in which it will be explored—the Islamic discipline of fiqh (Islamic law). This allows us to determine the emic criteria for knowledge production in Islamic law, against which the book will assess the epistemic outcomes of Hizmet’s practice in Chapters 4 and 5.
Internationalizing Counterrevolution
Authors: Fibiger Mattias 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter argues that Suharto’s regional Cold War internationalized counterrevolution in Southeast Asia. The Suharto regime evangelized the national resilience doctrine, which prescribed a national ideology, an authoritarian state, a technocratic bureaucracy, and a militarized society. When national leaders elsewhere in the region faced political shocks, they adapted the Indonesian model to construct and consolidate newly authoritarian regimes. They embraced institutional and ideological formations with few if any domestic precedents that, taken together, constituted a remarkable process of authoritarian convergence. This counterrevolutionary wave did not erase all particularities, but it reshaped the foundations of political order in Southeast Asia as the Vietnam War came to an end.
Capital and Consolidation
Authors: Fibiger Mattias 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter argues that Suharto won massive quantities of international aid in the late 1960s and accelerated his Cold War. He manipulated Western concerns about a post–Vietnam War regional equilibrium of Southeast Asia to secure debt relief, international aid, and private investment. Capital inflows diminished the imperative to extract revenue out of the domestic population, and Suharto narrowed his political coalition and solidified the army’s authority. He suppressed his political rivals, forcibly incorporated West Papua into Indonesia, clamped down on the student movement and the press, and launched a five-year development plan. He also consolidated his control over the other branches of the Indonesian military by monopolizing control over the nexus between foreign and domestic and ensuring the navy and air force could only access spare parts by submitting to the army’s power. International resources thus enabled Suharto to build the New Order from the outside-in.
The Age of Oil
Authors: Fibiger Mattias 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter argues that Suharto mobilized Indonesia’s newfound oil wealth to deepen his Cold War after discontent within the archipelago exploded in the Malari incident of January 1974. He worked to restore political stability through both repression and cooptation, arresting dissidents and subsuming student and youth groups, political parties, labor unions, and other civil society groups within corporatist arrangements. The New Order also unveiled a developmentalist, protectionist, and redistributionist economic plan designed to address the root causes of popular anger. Beyond Indonesia, the Suharto regime launched an invasion of the Portuguese colony of East Timor and worked to preserve Indonesia’s ties with Western creditors even as the oil shocks shifted the key axis of geopolitics from East-West to North-South.
Introduction
Authors: Bernstein Jane A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study presents a broad view of music, print, and culture in the Eternal City during the long sixteenth century. Unlike previous scholarship, which centers on individual printers, it emphasizes the exceptionalism of Roman printing by highlighting innovative technologies, milestone publications, and the close connection between the materiality of the book and music repertories, particularly during the post-Tridentine period. It also considers the predominant influence of the Catholic Church on the Roman music-printing industry and, in turn, the impact of Roman presses on such important figures as Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, Luca Marenzio, Tomás Luis de Victoria, and Emilio de’ Cavalieri.
The Recorded Sayings of Chan Master Zhongfeng Mingben
Authors: Broughton Jeffrey L. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This book provides an introduction (from the perspective of Chan/Zen Studies) to the teachings of the key figure of Yuan-dynasty Chan: Zhongfeng Mingben (中峯明本; 1263–1323). Zhongfeng was a leading student of Gaofeng Yuanmiao. At Gaofeng’s death, Zhongfeng left the mountain and for many years resided in various small mountain hermitages (often called “Dwelling-in-the-Phantasmal Hermitages”). On occasion, he chose to live on a houseboat. He drew students from all over East Asia: Yunnan, Turfan, Mongol officials; Koreans, Japanese; and so forth. The primary focus is on illustrating Zhongfeng’s Chan style (chan feng禪風) via translation of selected works in his Chan records. The texts selected from his Chan records include the standard genres: instructions to the assembly and dharma talks, as well as the miscellany Night Conversations in a Mountain Hermitage (which covers such topics as the nature of the huatou; the relationship between the bodhisattva stages and Chan; numinous knowing versus false knowing; and so forth); one hundred poems in imitation of the well-known collection Hanshan’s Poems (Poems of Cold Mountain); admonitions on cross-legged sitting Chan; and so forth. Zhongfeng’s wider social world, cultural context, and idiosyncratic calligraphy are addressed only in passing.
The Subversive Seventies
Authors: Hardt Michael 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Progressive and revolutionary movements of the 1970s, which took place across the globe, provide an inspiring and useful guide for contemporary radical political thought and action, even more than those of the 1960s. The sixties were a crucial historical turning point and we can certainly learn from those movements, both the victorious and the vanquished, but, fundamentally, they marked the end of an era. The seventies, in contrast, herald the beginning of our time. In response to the insurgencies of the sixties, new structures of power, many of which are now grouped under the name “neoliberalism,” were tested and institutionalized, and are essentially the same ones that rule over us today. The progressive and revolutionary struggles of the seventies, then, constituted an initial set of experiments for confronting our current conjuncture, a first test of the terrain. Feminist and gay liberation movements, worker and anticolonial struggles, and antinuclear and antiracist projects, along with many other liberation efforts developed in the seventies, offer us not only initial analyses of today’s structures of economic and political domination but also forms of critique and resistance most effective against them.
Introduction
Authors: Hardt Michael 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Although the progressive and revolutionary movements of the 1960s had great historical importance, those of the 1970s are more relevant for our times. The 1970s was an era of great tectonic shifts of the mechanisms of power, constructing the basic structures that still rule over us today. The revolutionary movements were thus first attempts to confront these new structures. To grasp the nature of these movements, it is first necessary to dispel standard assumptions that “nothing happened” in the 1970s or that “everything went wrong.” Focusing on the concepts developed by the movements of the 1970s is one key to recognizing their continuing relevance and even that, in some respects, they were more advanced than the movements of today.
Two Versions of Popular Power
Authors: Hardt Michael 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The election of Salvador Allende as president of Chile was widely recognized as presenting a new model, an electoral road to socialism. During the years of the Allende presidency, the concept of “popular power” was developed as a means to understand and further the liberation project. This chapter focuses on two different notions of popular power that coexisted in tension during this period: one by which the government or the political parties represented the popular forces and another by which the popular forces took power for themselves, at times in conflict with the government and parties that claimed to represent them.
Strategic Racial Multiplicities
Authors: Hardt Michael 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
When the Third World Liberation Front initiated a strike at San Francisco State College in November 1968, it brought together students from different racial and ethnic groups, uniting them all under the term “third world.” This chapter analyzes a number of experiments undertaken in the United States, the United Kingdom, and South Africa to create multiracial organizations that strategically create conditions such that no group is given priority over others. In the Black Consciousness Movement, for instance, South African activist Steve Biko argues that people of all races can be “Black” insofar as they are part of the revolutionary struggle.
Theaters of Injustice
Authors: Hardt Michael 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The clandestine armed struggle organizations that emerged in different countries during the 1970s shared a sense of outrage at the injustices committed with impunity by the state and those in power. The actions of some of these groups, which attempted to appeal to the conscience of the nation, were largely symbolic, with few or no casualties. Other groups organized in miltary fashion and purposely targeted those in power they deemed guilty of injustices through bombings, kidnappings, and assassinations. All of these clandestine movements were limited politically, however, by their isolation from the movements, deprived of the benefits of those political dynamics and debates.
Conclusion
Authors: Hardt Michael 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The Introduction of this book proposed a method for reading the connections among the various movements by individuating the concepts that they collectively developed and transformed. These concepts also help us recognize the continuing power and relevance of these movements for today. This concluding chapter briefly considers the concept of “working class” to demonstrate how the standpoint provided by the movements of the 1970s helps us see it differently and more clearly today. It then proposes a slight shift of focus from concepts to problems, with the claim that an important task for political theory, including the theory conducted collectively in movements, is to dispel false problems and clarify real ones. In this light, the problem of articulation is posed as central for progressive and revolutionary organizations today.
Our Place in the Universe and in the Analysis
Authors: Wendler David S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter begins by considering the ways in which our perspective influences our understanding of the physical universe and how that understanding has changed over time. It then considers our perspective on the moral universe and how our views of it have changed over time. It offers an overview of both moral status and degrees of moral status and explains the difference between individuals having higher moral status versus their having more at stake in specific circumstances. It finishes by describing three significant harms/wrongs that will feature prominently in the discussion: killing, causing pain or suffering, and failing to respect. The fact that our intuitions suggest these harms/wrongs are worse when it comes to human beings compared to animals provides support for the claim that we are morally more important than animals. These intuitions thus offer a means to assess whether in fact there are degrees of moral status.
Does Respect Really Apply Only to Humans?
Authors: Wendler David S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In light of the conclusion that there are no degrees of moral status, this chapter reconsiders whether respect really applies to human beings but not to animals. It distinguishes between respect for individuals as individuals and respect for individual agency. It describes several examples which reveal that respect for individuals as individuals applies to sentient animals and the extent to which respect for agency might apply to at least some animals. On this basis, the chapter explores the relationship between sentience and respect, concluding that respect involves responding appropriately to the unique subjective existences of sentient individuals; hence, sentience is the moral status conferring property.
Against High-Caste Polygamy: The English Translation
Authors: Vidyasagar Ishvarchandra , Hatcher Brian A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This is the first-ever complete, annotated English translation of Ishvarchandra Vidyasagar’s 1871 tract calling for colonial government legislation to abolish the practice of high-caste polygamy, or Kulinism, among Hindu communities in Bengal. The original work is structured around Vidyasagar’s detailed replies to a series of seven objections that had been raised around the idea of prohibiting Kulin marriage practices within Brahmin and Kayastha caste communities. In the course of answering these objections, Vidyasagar draws upon tools and strategies he had deployed successfully when advocating government legislation to promote Hindu widow marriage. Readers will discover once again Vidyasagar’s unique ability to gather, translate, and comment on a range of classical and early modern works of Hindu legal literature. At the same time, however, Against High-Caste Polygamy also employs an additional set of discursive and rhetorical tools in order to press its case. Vidyasagar not only publishes new kinds of statistical data that he had gathered regarding the prevalence of plural marriages in Bengal, he also provides a kind of sociological depiction and analysis of the status and fate of women married into polygamous families. Using his impressive skills at narrative, he provides numerous moving anecdotes to bring home to his readers the harsh conditions faced by many young wives and widows of his day. All of this is supported by his ground-breaking attempt to recount the historical origins and subsequent degradation of Kulin customs, drawing in part on genealogical sources that were only just beginning to come in for critical scrutiny in the late-colonial moment. The work is rich with concrete data and imaginative social descriptions and concludes with a supplementary discussion of the opinions of two prominent Sanskrit scholars who sought to oppose Vidyasagar’s proposal.
Confidence in the Military over Time and Today
Authors: Feaver Peter D. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Public confidence in the military is high in the aggregate today, but that fact masks important changes over time as well as important differences of opinion among subgroups. A closer look at existing surveys, coupled with an in-depth analysis of two proprietary surveys conducted in 2019 and 2020 with the express purpose of exploring the dynamics of public confidence in the military, sheds new light on the topic. In the aggregate, public confidence in the military is highly correlated with whether or not the military is deployed to overseas wars. Once disaggregated, on average, high confidence in the military is more a Republican than a Democrat thing, more an old than a young thing, more a male than a female thing, and more a white than a minority thing. Moreover, when pressed, the public clearly ranks the military as a whole higher than certain prominent military individuals.
Conclusion
Authors: Feaver Peter D. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Many of the major pillars undergirding public confidence in the military are eroding, suggesting that high public confidence may be increasingly hollow. Military leaders are wise to be concerned about keeping public support high. But more important than the overall level of confidence is the deservedness. Public confidence that is driven by realistic assessments in the competence and nonpartisan professionalism of the military is good; confidence that is driven by political loyalties, social desirability, or partisan blame games is not as good. When the military does not live up to its reputation, it is essential for the public to have a clear-eyed, but respectful, view of these shortcomings so that it can exercise the oversight and accountability necessary for a democratic military to get back on track. A draft is not needed to shore up public support. Instead, civilian and military leaders could help better situate the military in the public constellation by launching a new “Thanks for Your Service” movement, one that lauds all of the nonmilitary ways people can serve in contemporary society. Civilians should also revive civics education—and military leaders renew the push for military professionalism—to shore up a normative understanding of proper civil-military relations. Future research can refine these recommendations and track changes over time.
Introduction
Authors: Nelsen Matthew D. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The introductory chapter addresses the role of schools in processes of political socialization. While it addresses multiple educational mechanisms that contribute to this process, it focuses on social studies courses specifically because they have historically aimed to foster the knowledge, attitudes, skills, and behaviors deemed necessary to participate in public life. In the process, however, it argues that outcomes traditionally employed to measure the effectiveness of civic education courses are out of touch with the concerns and lived experiences of young people. In response, it presents an alternative approach to civic education that centers political empowerment—one’s sense of agency and capacity to participate in the political process and advocate for one’s own community. Such an approach allows us to move past the idea that young people must be taught a standardized set of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors in order to effectively participate in politics.
Experts at Things They Know
Authors: Nelsen Matthew D. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Chapter 5 draws from twenty-six in-depth interviews and a survey of three hundred Chicago area high school teachers to demonstrate that teachers’ attitudes, training, and lived experiences shape the ways in which they select course content and develop civic learning opportunities for their students. In particular, the chapter demonstrates that teachers with more progressive racial attitudes and those who are less authoritarian in their pedagogy are more likely to utilize critical content and historically grounded conversations about politics in their classroom. This mixed-method approach allows for a discussion of the ways in which students internalize the messages they are taught in their social studies courses and carry those messages into their own pedagogical practices years down the line.