bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial Full Degree‐Of‐Freedom Scattered Optical Field Modulation
Authors: Ding Chunxu , Shao Rongjun , Qu Yuan , He Qiaozhi , Liu Linxian , Yang Jiamiao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractScattered optical field modulations can enable the function of traditional optical technologies, such as the dynamic holographic display, in a scattering environment. Nonetheless, only part of the degrees of freedom in the optical field can be effectively modulated so far. Here, this work proposes spatial full degree‐of‐freedom scattered optical field modulation (SF‐SOM) to impose a control on the amplitude, phase, and polarization of the optical field. To do so, this method independently modulates the complex amplitude of two orthogonally polarized components. It also contains a full degree‐of‐freedom vector transmission matrix model to describe the transformation from the incident field to the scattered field. Compared with the single degree‐of‐freedom modulation methods against the same scattering environment, SF‐SOM increases the contrast of focus by a factor of five. Furthermore, the experiments demonstrate a holographic display and orbital angular momentum control with SF‐SOM to show its ubiquitous utility in optics.
FRANCES HESSELBEIN: A ROLE MODEL FOR LEADERSHIP AND MENTORSHIP
Authors: Carter Louis 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe author, CEO and founder of Best Practice Institute, and Most Loved Workplace®, writes about his relationship with Frances Hesselbein, whom he considered to be a valuable mentor. He recounts how he met Frances through Marshall Goldsmith, and the “first moment I heard her voice and her first few words to me, I knew I was in the presence of greatness.” The author recounts that when he “gave Frances the Best Practice Institute Lifetime Achievement Award at the New York Stock Exchange in 2011, she was in her 90s.” Among her valuable advice to him: “Lou, watch your thoughts. They become words. Watch your words. They become deeds. Watch your deeds. They become habits. Watch your habits. They become character. Character is everything.”
FRANCES HESSELBEIN: A STUDY IN COURAGE AND GRACE
Authors: McKee Annie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe author, an executive coach, and Adjunct Full Professor at the University of Pennsylvania knew and collaborated with Frances Hesselbein for many years. She discusses the qualities that made Frances stand out as a person and as a leader: “Frances stood up for honor, for responsibility, and for choosing the right path. More, Frances called on us to see the truth, maybe especially when it hurt, and to optimistically choose that right path even when the forces that be were insidiously pushing us to choose the easier, quieter, and yes, the cowardly path.” Along with courage, “I believe that what enabled Frances to overcome people’s natural resistance was grace. What is grace? Grace is compassion and dignity and eloquence and serenity in the face of opposition. Grace is optimism even when things look bleak. Grace is good humor and playfulness. Grace is joy.”
LEADERSHIP AND COMING BACK TO BASICS
Authors: Polson Shannon Huffman 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe author, founder, and CEO of The Grit Institute was one of the first women to fly the Apache helicopter in the U.S. Army. As a Girl Scout years ago, she encountered her “introduction to service above self,” while not being aware at the time of Frances Hesselbein, and her leadership of the Girl Scouts of the USA. The author writes that “though I didn’t benefit from Frances’ wisdom in those earlier years, her perspective even after her passing continues to breathe an understanding of leadership for the ages, and particularly in a world fraught with challenge and change.” She notes about Frances’ book Hesselbein on Leadership: “Reading her words as someone who has also led teams in and out of uniform, on deployment and in the boardroom and in the not‐for‐profit sector, and now speaks to companies and works with leaders today, I am grateful for her steady hand and straightforward advice.”
THE EXTENDED INFLUENCE OF FRANCES HESSELBEIN THROUGH THE POWER OF WEAK TIES
Authors: Ulrich Dave 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe author, the Rensis Likert Professor at the Ross School of Business, University of Michigan and Partner at the RBL Group, in writing about Frances Hesselbein, notes that his “tribute to her is less from my personal connection, and more from her impact on me, and perhaps others, through her ideas and example, what some might call weak ties.” He continues: “One way to think of the concept of weak ties is that they are acquaintances we interact with through their ideas and example more than extensive personal contact. My tribute to Frances is about both.” He makes several observations, including that “she focused on purpose and mission‐driven organizations by articulating the value of values in shaping an organization’s agenda.” Related is that Frances “recognized the worth of individuals and advocated for employee experiences at work that helped them live their passions and fulfill their potential.”
The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID‐19 patients admitted to a Fangcang shelter hospital in Beijing before the change in China's prevention and control policy
Authors: Xu Xiaolong , Jiang Hui , Li Maochen , Shang Jvjv , Shi Yifan , Yan Yumeng , Li Xintong , Song Shuang , Zhao Chunxia , Zhao Chunming , Cen Chongpei , Li Bo , Fan Huahao , Liu Qingquan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn November 2022, a large number of Omicron infections suddenly appeared in Beijing, but the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the epidemic cases were unknown. We collected the data on COVID‐19 cases in Fangcang Hospital in Beijing from November 20, 2022, to December 8, 2022, and analyzed the epidemiological and clinical characteristics. Of the enrolled study, 85.9% were asymptomatic and 14.1% were mild. Epidemiological data showed that the transmission speed of the Omicron variant was fast and the transmission range was wide, large‐scale infections occurred in both rural and urban areas, and all age groups were susceptible to the Omicron variant. In addition, antipyretics and cough drugs were the two most used drugs, because 51.3% and 22.7% of patients had fever and cough, respectively, and 10.3% of patients took hypnotics. Furthermore, the proportion of patients with chronic diseases was low (13.9%), while the vaccination rate (71.2%) was relatively high. Based on the results, we found that most mild and asymptomatic cases did not need treatment, indicating that home isolation is correct and feasible. Although SARS‐CoV‐2 variants have characteristics such as high infectivity and immune‐escape ability, the public should not be too afraid of COVID‐19 infection; appropriate measures such as wearing masks and maintaining social distancing are sufficient to prevent reinfection.
The optimal stocking strategy for Yaqui Catfish
Authors: Stewart David R. , Barron Joseph C. , Harden Tasha , Grube Elizabeth R. , Ulibarri Manuel , Taylor Andrew T. , Heist Edward J. , Mandeville Elizabeth , Hickerson Brian T. , Berg Nathan , Johnson Lacrecia A. , Butler Matthew J. , Harris Grant M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective
The Yaqui Catfish Ictalurus pricei, a species that is endemic to the southwestern United States and west-central Chihuahua and Sonora, Mexico, is extinct in the United States and extremely endangered in Mexico due to habitat loss and hybridization with nonnative Channel Catfish I. punctatus. To re-establish populations in the United States, a binational program consisting of broodstock collection, fish propagation, stocking, and poststocking monitoring is necessary. This programmatic approach is encapsulated within a Conservation Propagation and Stocking Program (CPSP), which documents important recovery actions, such as genetic management, fish culture, stocking, and poststocking assessments. The focus of our work is to identify the optimal stocking strategy for Yaqui Catfish, thereby informing the framework of a CPSP for the species' recovery.

Methods
Our strategy involved simulating population growth using an age-structured simulation model with varying stocking contribution rates, stocking densities, and stocking frequencies and incorporating these biological data with economic information within a utility function to quantify stocking costs.

Result
The optimal strategy requires releasing Yaqui Catfish at a density of 200 fish/ha every 5 years. This strategy excludes natural recruitment because historically, stocked Yaqui Catfish inhabited waters that were either too small or devoid of habitat to induce natural spawning. However, if larger waters or waters having appropriate habitats (e.g., interstitial spaces) are also stocked, it should increase natural recruitment, thereby (1) enabling populations to become self-sustaining and (2) drastically reducing the reliance on hatcheries for stocking and salvage of declining populations.

Conclusion
Our results provide important stocking recommendations within a CPSP, emphasizing the need to build a broodstock before genetically pure Yaqui Catfish disappear. The successful implementation of the optimal stocking strategy requires multiple locations for stocking fish and is contingent on strengthening binational partnerships. This approach fills an important void in Yaqui Catfish reestablishment, helping to prime the successful recovery of this species.
The importance of asking about wellbeing in a diabetes foot clinic
Authors: Bewsey Catherine 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe onset of diabetes foot complications signals a new stage of diabetes progression. Amputation may be the result of such difficulties and can impact upon all aspects of a person's life such as mobility, independence, relationships, and possible loss of earning potential, all likely triggers of distress.The aim of this article is for a health care professional to understand more about the types of distress experienced by individuals with diabetes. It will consider whether routine screening could help diabetes podiatry teams improve the outcomes of their patients.Living with a long‐term condition such as diabetes can be stressful due to increased self‐management responsibilities and the potential for long‐term complications. Diabetes can interact with a person's mental health, including depression or anxiety.The concept of diabetes distress describes the emotional distress resulting from living with diabetes and the burden of relentless daily self‐management. As this type of distress is relatively common, and impacts upon self‐care, it is important that every consultation includes a chance for a person living with diabetes to say how they are feeling.Screening is one way a team can easily identify diabetes distress and provides the opportunity to discuss how each individual is coping with diabetes and life generally.A routine brief screening measure such as the two‐item Diabetes Distress Screening instrument (DDS2) can be quickly and easily administered by health care professionals within a busy diabetes podiatry clinic and helps initiate an all‐important conversation about wellbeing. Copyright © 2023 John Wiley & Sons.
What is an online political advert? An interrogation of conceptual challenges in the formation of digital policy response
Authors: Dommett Katharine , Zhu Junyan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDespite British and European policymakers' quest to regulate online political advertising, it is not clear what exactly constitutes an online political advert. As with many areas of digital governance, it is therefore necessary to impose definitional criteria, yet the process of doing so is by no means straightforward. Using qualitative interviews, we set out to clarify alternative routes for definition by distilling policymakers' understanding of what it means for a piece of content to be an “advert,” “online,” and “political.” Presenting a series of decision trees that trace policymakers' ideas, we reveal different traits that could be used to create a definition. In addition, we use our interviews to offer insight into the policymaking approach needed when defining complex and contested digital phenomena. Given the array of possible definitional approaches, we argue that policymakers will find it valuable to adopt an argumentative and communicative approach if efforts to gain consensus are to succeed. This article accordingly provides a practical tool for future attempts to define online political advertising, and casts light on the strategies policymakers may use when seeking to define and regulate complex digital phenomena.
Promotion of hate speech by Spanish political actors on Twitter
Authors: Said‐Hung Elias , Moreno‐López Roberto , Mottareale‐Calvanese Daria 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBy examining the messages published by Spanish political groups on Twitter, this paper seeks to identify the level and understanding of the type and use of hate speech within these groups’ discursive strategy. For this purpose, the topics of 60,209 tweets published between 1 September 2019 and 29 February 2020, by 16 political groups, leaders, and spokespersons of the Congress of Deputies in Spain were analysed. The data reveal a low presence of expressions of hate, most of which do not have a sentimental charge. Despite not observing a high rate of use of this type of expression within the rhetorical discursive strategy applied by political groups, some features associated with this type of expression are identified, more aimed at positioning around issues and specific social groups (immigration), and the greater use of messages published by others, retweeted by these actors for this purpose, among other features.
Priority switching scheduler
Authors: Finzi Anaïs , Perrier Victor , Francès Fabrice , Lochin Emmanuel 
Published: July 2023

SummaryWe define a novel core network router scheduling architecture called priority switching scheduler (PSS), to carry and isolate time constrained and elastic traffic flows from best‐effort traffic. To date, one possible solution has been to implement a core DiffServ network with standard fair queuing and scheduling mechanisms as proposed in the well‐known “A Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) for Capacity‐Admitted Traffic” from RFC5865. This architecture is one of the most selected solutions by internet service provider for access networks (e.g., customer‐premises equipment) and deployed within several performance‐enhancing proxies (PEPs) over satellite communications (SATCOM) architectures. In this study, we argue that the proposed standard implementation does not allow to efficiently quantify the reserved capacity for the AF class. By using a novel credit‐based shaper mechanism called burst limiting shaper (BLS) to manage the AF class, we show that PSS can provide the same isolation for the time constrained EF class while better quantifying the part allocated to the AF class. PSS operates both when the output link capacity is fixed (e.g., wire links and terrestrial networks) or might vary due to system impairments or weather condition (e.g., wireless or satellite links). We demonstrate the capability of PSS through an emulated SATCOM scenario with variable capacity and show the AF output rate is less dependent on the EF traffic, which improves the quantification of the reserved capacity of AF, without impacting EF traffic.
Scaling nonhierarchically: A theory of conflict‐free organizational growth with limited hierarchical growth
Authors: Lee Eucman , Ilseven Ekin , Puranam Phanish 
Published: July 2023

AbstractResearch SummaryWe propose a theory that explains variations in the relationship between an organization's size and the extent of its authority hierarchy (as captured in managerial intensity). Conceptualizing authority hierarchy as a means to manage conflicts among subordinates, we formulate a model in which the number of managers required depends on the magnitude of conflicts generated between and within groups of workers. Our analysis shows that scaling non‐hierarchically can be accomplished either by creating low conflict “self‐managing” teams or reducing conflicts between many “self‐contained” teams, but which path is more effective varies by situation. Small initial differences in terms of their emphasis on within vs. between team conflict mitigation can lead to large differences as firms scale over time in the extent of their authority hierarchies.Managerial SummaryManaging without an extensive hierarchy can be attractive for a variety of reasons, but under what conditions is it possible in large scale organizations? We build on the premise that the managerial hierarchy of authority serves to resolve conflicts that employees cannot resolve peer‐to‐peer (i.e., there are limits to scaling groups that manage themselves consensually). We develop a formal theory that predicts that there are three levers that can slow down the growth of managerial hierarchy even as the organization scales: investing in the technology and culture needed to (a) expand managerial capacity particularly toward the apex of the hierarchy (b) create “self‐managed” teams that produce few conflicts in need of managerial resolution and (c) create “self‐contained” teams that generate few conflicts between them that need escalation up the hierarchy for resolution. The third is likely to be the most effective lever as organizations grow.
Understanding and Controlling Fluorinated Diacyl Peroxides and Fluoroalkyl Radicals in Alkene Fluoroalkylations
Authors: Kawamura Shintaro , Sodeoka Mikiko 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe demand for practical methods for the synthesis of novel fluoroalkyl molecules is increasing owing to their diverse applications. Our group has achieved efficient difunctionalizing fluoroalkylations of alkenes using fluorinated carboxylic anhydrides as user‐friendly fluoroalkyl sources. Fluorinated diacyl peroxide, prepared in situ from carboxylic anhydrides, enables the development of novel reactions when used as a radical fluoroalkylating reagent. In this account, we aim to provide an in‐depth understanding of the structure, bonding, and reactivity of fluorinated diacyl peroxides and radicals as well as their control in fluoroalkylation reactions. In the first part of this account, the physical properties and reactivity of diacyl peroxides and fluoroalkyl radicals are described. In the subsequent part, we categorize the reactions into copper‐catalyzed and metal‐free methods utilizing the oxidizing properties of fluorinated diacyl peroxides. We also outline examples and mechanisms.
Use of focus point for plane acquisition to improve reproducibility in fetal biometry
Authors: Vignola S. , Donadono V. , Cavalli C. , Azzaretto V. , Casagrandi D. , Pandya P. , Napolitano R. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess the reproducibility of ultrasound measurements of fetal biometry using a ‘focus point’ to assist the acquisition of the relevant plane.MethodsThis was a study of 80 women with a singleton non‐anomalous pregnancy who attended University College London Hospital, London, UK, between 18 and 37 weeks' gestation. Planes to measure head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC) and femur length (FL) were obtained four times by two different sonographers with different levels of experience, who were blinded to one another; the first set of images was obtained with reference to a standard image, and the second set of images was obtained using the focus point technique. The focus point was defined as a unique fetal anatomical landmark in each plane (cavum septi pellucidi for HC, two‐thirds of the umbilical vein for AC and one of the two extremities of the diaphysis for FL). Once identified, the focus point was maintained in view while the sonographer rotated the probe along three axes (x, y, z) to acquire the relevant plane. Sonographers were either in training or had > 3000 scans worth of experience. Intra‐ and interobserver reproducibility were assessed using Bland–Altman plots, and absolute values and percentages for mean difference and 95% limits of agreement (LoA) were reported.ResultsOverall reproducibility was good, with all 95% LoA < 8%. Reproducibility was improved by use of the focus point compared with the standard technique for both intraobserver comparison (95% LoA, < 4% vs < 6%) and interobserver comparison (95% LoA, < 7% vs < 8%). These findings were independent of sonographer seniority and plane acquired.ConclusionsReproducibility of fetal biometry assessment is improved with use of the focus point for plane acquisition, regardless of sonographer experience. We propose that this method should be implemented in clinical practice and training programs in fetal biometry. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Angiogenic imbalance in maternal and cord blood is associated with neonatal birth weight and head circumference in pregnancies with major fetal congenital heart defect
Authors: Sánchez O. , Ribera I. , Ruiz A. , Eixarch E. , Antolín E. , Cruz‐Lemini M. , Dominguez C. , Arévalo S. , Ferrer Q. , Rodríguez‐Sureda V. , Crispi F. , Llurba E. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo ascertain whether abnormalities in neonatal head circumference and/or body weight are associated with levels of angiogenic/antiangiogenic factors in the maternal and cord blood of pregnancies with a congenital heart defect (CHD) and to assess whether the specific type of CHD influences this association.MethodsThis was a multicenter case–control study of women carrying a fetus with major CHD. Recruitment was carried out between June 2010 and July 2018 at four tertiary care hospitals in Spain. Maternal venous blood was drawn at study inclusion and at delivery. Cord blood samples were obtained at birth when possible. Placental growth factor (PlGF), soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFlt‐1) and soluble endoglin (sEng) were measured in maternal and cord blood. Biomarker concentrations in the maternal blood were expressed as multiples of the median (MoM).ResultsPlGF, sFlt‐1 and sEng levels were measured in the maternal blood in 237 cases with CHD and 260 healthy controls, and in the cord blood in 150 cases and 56 controls. Compared with controls, median PlGF MoM in maternal blood was significantly lower in the CHD group (0.959 vs 1.022; P < 0.0001), while median sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio MoM was significantly higher (1.032 vs 0.974; P = 0.0085) and no difference was observed in sEng MoM (0.981 vs 1.011; P = 0.4673). Levels of sFlt‐1 and sEng were significantly higher in cord blood obtained from fetuses with CHD compared to controls (mean ± standard error of the mean, 447 ± 51 vs 264 ± 20 pg/mL; P = 0.0470 and 8.30 ± 0.92 vs 5.69 ± 0.34 ng/mL; P = 0.0430, respectively). Concentrations of sFlt‐1 and the sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio in the maternal blood at study inclusion were associated negatively with birth weight and head circumference in the CHD group. The type of CHD anomaly (valvular, conotruncal or left ventricular outflow tract obstruction) did not appear to alter these findings.ConclusionsPregnancies with fetal CHD have an antiangiogenic profile in maternal and cord blood. This imbalance is adversely associated with neonatal head circumference and birth weight. © 2023 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.