bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping amyloid beta predictors of entorhinal tau in preclinical Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Zamani Jafar , Vahid Amirali , Avelar‐Pereira Bárbara , Gozdas Elveda , Hosseini S. M. Hadi ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: January 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONAmyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau in the entorhinal regions are key Alzheimer's disease (AD) markers, but the spatial Aβ pathways influencing tau pathology remain unclear.METHODSWe applied predictive modeling to identify Aβ standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) spatial patterns that predict entorhinal tau levels, future hippocampal volume, and Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite (PACC) scores at 5‐year follow‐up. The model was trained on Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) (N = 237), incorporating amyloid‐PET (positron emission tomography), tau‐PET, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and cognitive data, and validated on Harvard Aging Brain Study (HABS) (N = 276).RESULTSThe model accurately predicted entorhinal tau levels (r = 0.48, p < 0.0001), future hippocampal volume (r = 0.24, p = 0.002), and PACC scores (r = 0.35, p < 0.0001) based on regional Aβ.DISCUSSIONAβ in the rostral middle frontal, medial orbitofrontal, and striatal regions predict entorhinal tau levels, future hippocampal volume, and PACC scores, indicating their potential as early biomarkers in AD prediction models.Highlights
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging reveals amyloid beta (Aβ) patterns predicting entorhinal tau levels in preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Aβ in medial orbitofrontal, rostral middle frontal, and nucleus accumbens best predicts tau.
Aβ distribution in these regions predicts future hippocampal neurodegeneration and cognitive decline.
Model validated with Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and Harvard Aging Brain Study (HABS) data sets, showing robustness and reproducibility.
Findings suggest early Aβ patterns can aid in diagnosing AD and guide anti‐Aβ therapies
Derivation and Physical Interpretation of the General Solutions to the Wave Equations for Electromagnetic Potentials
Authors: Raicu Valericǎ 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe inhomogeneous wave equations for the scalar, vector, and Hertz potentials are derived starting from retarded charge, current, and polarization densities and then solved in the reciprocal (or k‐) space to obtain general solutions, which are formulated as nested integrals of such densities over the source volume, k‐space, and time. The solutions provide real‐space forms of the potentials and fields that are inherently free of singularities and do not require introduction by fiat of combinations of advanced and retarded terms as done previously to cure such singularities for the point‐charge model. Physical implications of these general solutions are discussed through specific examples involving either the real or reciprocal space forms of the different potentials. This approach allows for real‐ and reciprocal‐space expansions of potentials and fields for arbitrary distributions of charges and may lead to applications in condensed matter research and fluorescence‐based imaging.
Excited‐State and Steric Hindrances Engineering Enable Fast Spin‐Flip Narrowband Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters with Enhanced Quenching Resistance
Authors: An Rui‐Zhi , Zhao Fang‐Ming , Shang Changjiao , Zhou Meng , Cui Lin‐Song 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMulti‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) materials have great potential for applications in ultrahigh‐definition (UHD) organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) displays, that benefit from their narrowband emission characteristic. However, key challenges such as aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) effect and slow triplet‐to‐singlet spin‐flip process, especially for blue MR‐TADF materials, continue to impede their development due to planar skeletons and relatively large ΔESTs. Here, an effective strategy that incorporates multiple carbazole donors into the parent MR moieties is proposed, synergistically engineering their excited states and steric hindrances to enhance both the spin‐flip process and quenching resistance. As expected, the designed materials namely 5Cz‐BNO and 5Cz‐BN exhibit bright blue and green emissions with narrow full‐width at half‐maximums (FWHMs) around 23 nm, together with significantly improved reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) rates. The OLEDs based on 5Cz‐BNO and 5Cz‐BN with doping concentrations from 5 to 20 wt % achieve high maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) values exceeding 30 % with suppressed efficiency roll‐offs and improved operational stability. This work offers an effective approach for designing doping‐insensitive blue and green MR‐TADF materials with fast spin‐flip processes by integrating the engineering of excited states and steric hindrances.
Amide‐Directed Highly Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Diverse Acyclic Multisubstituted Alkenes Under Mild Conditions
Authors: Lu Hou‐Xiang , Lu Shou‐Lin , Li Bi‐Jie 
Published: January 2025

AbstractEnantioselective hydrogenation of tetrasubstituted alkenes to form 1,2‐contiguous stereocenters is a particularly appealing but highly challenging transformation in asymmetric catalysis. Despite the notable progress achieved in enantioselective hydrogenation over the past decades, enantioselective hydrogenation of all‐carbon tetrasubstituted alkenes containing multiple alkyl groups remains an unsolved challenge. Here, we report a rhodium‐catalyzed highly diastereo‐ and enantioselective hydrogenation of diverse acyclic multisubstituted alkenes under mild conditions. The coordination assistance of the amide group to the metal center generates a highly active catalyst that effectively overcomes the low reactivity of substrates and precisely controls the stereoselectivity. The generality of this catalyst system is exemplified by its efficacy across at least three types of alkenes including β,γ‐unsaturated amides, α,β‐unsaturated amides, and enamides.
Nitrogen‐Bridged S−N−Cu Sites for CO2 Photoreduction to Ethanol with 99.5 % Selectivity in Pure Water
Authors: Li Weilin , Liu Zheyang , Rhimi Baker , Zhou Min , Li Jing , Nie Kaiqi , Yan Binhang , Jiang Zhifeng , Shi Weidong , Xiong Yujie 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSolar‐driven CO2 reduction to ethanol is extremely challenging due to the limited efficiency of charge separation, sluggish kinetics of C−C coupling, and unfavorable formation of oxygenate intermediates. Here, we elaborately design a red polymer carbon nitride (RPCN) consisting of S−N and Cu−N4 dual active sites (Cu/S‐RPCN) to address this challenge, which achieves an impressive ethanol evolution rate of 50.4 μmol g−1 h−1 with 99.5 % selectivity for CO2 photoreduction in pure water. Cu and S atoms within the Cu−N−S configuration can serve as trapping centers for electrons and holes, respectively, providing spatial separation for photogenerated charge carriers. The incorporation of S atoms optimizes the adsorption of *CO on Cu atoms and reduces the energy barrier for the formation of *CO−COH intermediate. The adsorption strength of *OCHCH2OH intermediate on the Cu atoms via the O−Cu−C configuration can affect the selectivity of the C2 products as the cleavage of the Cu−O/Cu−C bonds determines the ethanol/ethylene pathway. The S−N−Cu structure weakens the Cu−O bond, thereby promoting the production of ethanol. This work provides a novel approach to fine‐tune the surrounding microenvironment of metal atoms on carbon nitride for highly effective photocatalytic conversion of CO2 to ethanol.
Porous Supramolecular Crystalline Materials for Photocatalysis
Authors: Gong Yun‐Nan , Zhong Di‐Chang , Lu Tong‐Bu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPorous supramolecular crystalline materials (PSCMs), such as hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs), π frameworks, can be defined as a type of porous supramolecular assemblies stabilized by hydrogen‐bonding, π‐π stacking and other non‐covalent interactions. Benefiting from the unique features of mild synthesis conditions, well‐defined and synthetically tailorable structures, easy healing and regeneration, PSCMs have garnered widespread interest in research fields including molecular recognition, sensor, gas storage and separation. Moreover, they have emerged as promising photocatalysts because these PSCMs could be readily endowed with optical function, and the hydrogen‐bonding and π‐π stacking can offer channels for electron transfer to boost the photocatalytic activity. However, the research on PSCMs for photocatalysis is still at an early stage, and a review on this topic would help to promote the development of supramolecular chemistry. In this Minireview, we first introduce the synthesis methods for PSCMs, and then highlight their advantages in photocatalysis. Subsequently, we summarize the applications of PSCMs in photocatalysis including CO2 reduction, H2 evolution, H2O2 production, organic transformation and pollutant degradation, and we put particular emphasis on delineating the structure‐performance relationship. At the end, we discuss the challenges and perspectives in developing high‐performance PSCM‐based photocatalysts.
Ultrastable Imidazole‐linked Porous Organic Cages for Ammonia Capture and Detection
Authors: Zhang Guoshi , Xu Ning , Yang Miao , Wang Wenjing , Su Kongzhao , Yuan Daqiang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHere, we report the facile synthesis of imidazole‐linked porous organic cages (IPOCs) via an in situ cyclization reaction protocol. Specifically, three IPOCs with [2+4] lantern‐like structures and one with a [3+6] triangular prism structure were successfully prepared through condensation reactions between tetraformyl‐functionalized calix[4]arene and bis(o‐phenylenediamine) monomers in a single pot. Notably, these IPOCs exhibit high porosity, with Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface areas reaching up to 1162 m2 g−1. Moreover, they demonstrate excellent chemical stability in both strong acidic and alkaline solutions. Furthermore, IPOC‐2 and IPOC‐4 display a remarkable NH3 capturing capability, with uptakes of up to 11.5 mmol g−1 at 1 bar and 298 K, surpassing most reported porous organic materials. Additionally, IPOC‐1 exhibits highly efficient fluorescent quenching sensing of aqueous NH3, with a detection limit as low as 3.35×10−6 M. These findings strongly suggest the potential for widespread use of imidazole linkages in the development of robust functional porous organic cage materials for diverse applications.
Application of High‐Density Polyethylene as a Modifier to Prepare Desulfurized Rubber Asphalt With Excellent Storage Stability
Authors: Yang Song , Li Rui , Zhu Hongzhou , Chen Yuanyuan , Yang Xiaosi , Tan Qiqi , Lei Luyuan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTo address the issues of poor temperature sensitivity and unstable storage performance in rubber asphalt, this paper proposes a formulation that blends high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) with desulfurized rubber. The goal is to develop high‐performance desulfurized rubber asphalt that exhibits excellent storage stability. The study found that adding HDPE not only enhances the temperature sensitivity of the asphalt but also significantly improves the high‐temperature viscosity of the rubber asphalt. The asphalt modified with 3% HDPE showed an increase of 31.8% in viscosity–temperature indices compared to the desulfurized rubber asphalt. HDPE facilitates the formation of a structure in the mixture where rubber particles are encapsulated by polyethylene. This structure restricts the movement of particles within the modified asphalt, reducing asphalt deformation and rubber particle agglomeration, thus enhancing the uniformity and stability of the desulfurized rubber asphalt. Rheological tests indicate that HDPE not only enhances the elasticity of the entire asphalt system but also significantly improves the rutting resistance of rubber asphalt under dynamic strain loads. Specifically, at 46°C, the asphalt modified with 3% HDPE showed an increase of 34.1% in rutting factor and 35.6% in complex modulus compared to the desulfurized rubber asphalt. Furthermore, HDPE improves the low‐temperature crack resistance and aging resistance of rubber asphalt. This is because HDPE promotes vulcanization reactions between sulfur bonds in the asphalt and free sulfur or other sulfur‐containing functional groups in the rubber, forming new sulfur bonds and creating a cross‐linked structure within the rubber. This phenomenon can be verified through fluorescence microscope images.
A Copolymer of Benzoquinone and Pyrrole as High Rate, Durable Polymer Electrode for Aqueous Zn‐ and Mg‐Ion Based Batteries
Authors: Dey Gargi , Fayaz Adil , Jasmin Risana M , Dinesan Sruthymol , Sampath S. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe growing energy demands have led to an increased attention towards the development of efficient energy storage devices. In this direction, aqueous rechargeable batteries have attracted considerable attention due to their affordability, environmental friendliness and quite importantly, safety. In the present studies, a two‐dimensional copolymer of benzoquinone and pyrrole that is insoluble in aqueous solutions is explored as an electrode for aqueous, rechargeable divalent ion storage. The polymer exhibits high capacity, long cycle life and lends itself amenable for high rates of discharge/charge. It reveals a stable capacity of 125 mAh/g at a high current density of 1 A/g in the case of zinc ion batteries while a stable capacity of 75 mAh/g at 1 A/g is observed in the case of aqueous magnesium ion battery. Electrochemical studies reveal contributions due to capacitive storage of the 2‐dimensional polymer. The charge storage mechanism due to the involvement of carbonyl groups is deciphered using spectroscopic techniques.
Rational Design of a Novel DNA Polymerase From Clostridium thermocellum to Improve LAMP Detection Performance
Authors: Wang Cheng , Hong Bin , Li Yanmei , Ma Yi , Xu Wei , Wang Jufang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTLoop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a detection method widely used in pathogen detection and clinical diagnosis. Nevertheless, it is highly constrained by thermal stability, catalytic activity, and resistance to inhibitors of Bst DNA polymerase. In this study, a novel DNA polymerase was characterized from Clostridium thermocellum, exhibiting potential in LAMP detection. Through bioinformatics analysis, the enzyme and the DNA‐binding domain (DBD) from Pyrococcus abyssi were mutated for enhanced interaction between proteins and DNA. A chimeric mutant DBDE146K‐S738R reaches the detection threshold 13 min earlier than wild‐type Cth DNA polymerase in real‐time LAMP detection with a template concentration of 1.58 × 105 fg/µL. It also showed the highest enzymatic activity at pH 9.0 and 65°C. The chimeric enzyme DBDE146K‐S738R exhibits good thermal stability, capable of performing LAMP reactions after treatment at 73°C or 70°C for 8 h. Moreover, it maintains high activity even under the inhibitory conditions of 50 U/mL heparin, 1.6 mM EDTA, 200 mM NaCl, 10% ethanol, 1.2 M urea, or 0.8% phenol. Notably, it was able to detect 1.58 × 102 ag/µL of the genome and 1.03 CFU/mL of the colony in Salmonella typhimurium detection. The enzyme's performance is superior to commercial Bst 2.0 and comparable to commercial Bst 3.0. The results suggest that DBDE146K‐S738R in LAMP exhibits great potential for molecular biological studies and clinical diagnostic analysis.
Circular Economies and Sectoral Green Productivity in the European Union
Authors: Soto Gonzalo Hernández 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this study, we explore the impacts of the waste recycling ratio as a proxy for circular economies on sectoral productivity in the European Union between 2000 and 2021. We present a productivity model that contextualizes the industry's transition to green economies, namely, the green productivity model, in which we adapt neoclassical productivity models by considering energy intensity and the development of green technologies. After estimating the results using FGLS and PCSE, we understand that a higher availability of secondary raw materials contributes to the European productivity functions in different industries, but this effect is limited as exponential increases in these materials reduce productivity. To ensure the efficiency of policies aimed at consolidating circular economies, we propose policy recommendations that leverage economies of scale and scope to improve the efficiency of European industries while contributing to the circular cycle of their own productivity externalities.
Modulation of CRISPR‐Cas9 Cleavage with an Oligo‐Ribonucleoprotein Design
Authors: Gao Yahui , Shan Ang Yan , Lanry Yung Lin‐Yue 
Published: January 2025

AbstractClustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) associated protein Cas9 system has been widely used for genome editing. However, the editing or cleavage specificity of CRISPR Cas9 remains a major concern due to the off‐target effects. The existing approaches to control or modulate CRISPR Cas9 cleavage include engineering Cas9 protein and development of anti‐CRISPR proteins. There are also attempts on direct modification of sgRNA, for example, structural modification via truncation or hairpin design, or chemical modification on sgRNA such as partially replacing RNA with DNA. The above‐mentioned strategies rely on extensive protein engineering and direct chemical or structural modification of sgRNA. In this study, we proposed an indirect method to modulate CRISPR Cas9 cleavage without modification on Cas9 protein or sgRNA. An oligonucleotide was used to form an RNA‐DNA hybrid structure with the sgRNA spacer, creating steric hindrance during the Cas9 mediated DNA cleavage process. We first introduced a simple and robust method to assemble the oligo‐ribonucleoprotein (oligo‐RNP). Next, the cleavage efficiency of the assembled oligo‐RNP was examined using different oligo lengths in vitro. Lastly, we showed that the oligo‐RNP directly delivered into cells could also modulate Cas9 activity inside cells using three model gene targets with reduced off‐target effects.
Construction of MOF‐Derived Vanadium Nitride Decorated Micro/Mesoporous Carbon Nanofibers for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Haiping , Hou Wenbo , Wang Xin , Xie Xuan , Peng Hui , Ma Guofu , Zhu Lei , Xu Yuxi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDesign and manufacture of cathode materials, with suitable pore structure and high electrical conductivity to matching zinc anode, solving the problem of dissolution and structural degradation of cathode materials for zinc ion batteries (ZIBs), is great significance to the development of ZIBs. Herein, Vanadium Nitride (VN) uniformly decorated N‐doped micro/mesoporous carbon nanofibers (VN/N‐MCNF) with appropriate porous and reactive sites for Zn2+ is prepared by using V–MOF, as important precursor via electrostatic spinning and pyrolysis technique. As a cathode electrode for ZIBs, the VN/N‐MCNF is suitable for diffusion and adsorption of large‐sized solvated structured [Zn(H2O)6]2+, for its abundant micro/mesoporous structure and good electrical conductivity. The VN/N‐MCNF electrode has high specific capacity of 242 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and rate performance. Moreover, the VN/N‐MCNF‐based ZIBs can reach 92.5 % capacity retention after 200 cycles at a low current density of 0.3 A g−1, and can reach 86.1 % capacity retention after 5000 cycles at a high current density of 5 A g−1. These findings highlight the importance of a rational design of cathode materials for high‐performance metal batteries, which can also be extended to the design of other materials.
The role of acetylation and deacetylation in cancer metabolism
Authors: Wang Cuicui , Ma Xiaoxin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAs a hallmark of cancer, metabolic reprogramming adjusts macromolecular synthesis, energy metabolism and redox homeostasis processes to adapt to and promote the complex biological processes of abnormal growth and proliferation. The complexity of metabolic reprogramming lies in its precise regulation by multiple levels and factors, including the interplay of multiple signalling pathways, precise regulation of transcription factors and dynamic adjustments in metabolic enzyme activity. In this complex regulatory network, acetylation and deacetylation, which are important post‐translational modifications, regulate key molecules and processes related to metabolic reprogramming by affecting protein function and stability. Dysregulation of acetylation and deacetylation may alter cancer cell metabolic patterns by affecting signalling pathways, transcription factors and metabolic enzyme activity related to metabolic reprogramming, increasing the susceptibility to rapid proliferation and survival. In this review, we focus on discussing how acetylation and deacetylation regulate cancer metabolism, thereby highlighting the central role of these post‐translational modifications in metabolic reprogramming, and hoping to provide strong support for the development of novel cancer treatment strategies.Key points
Protein acetylation and deacetylation are key regulators of metabolic reprogramming in tumour cells.
These modifications influence signalling pathways critical for tumour metabolism.
They modulate the activity of transcription factors that drive gene expression changes.
Metabolic enzymes are also affected, altering cellular metabolism to support tumour growth.
Interaction between perfluoro‐octanoic sulfonate and common antibiotics induces developmental anomalies and lethality in Xenopus laevis
Authors: Harrison Emma , Chattapadhyay Shreya , Neka Ganad , Baskin Maya , Richmond Nora , Nguyen Quynh , Wade Isabel , Anekal Arya , Lucanish Olive , Young John J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundPerfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent environmental contaminants previously used for industrial purposes as a non‐stick coating and flame retardant. The stability of these molecules prevents their breakdown, which results in ground water contamination across the globe. Perfluoroalkyl substances molecules are known to bioaccumulate in various organisms. However, the health consequences remain unclear due to the large number of molecules in the PFAS family and different effects on various tissues. Here, we use the frog Xenopus laevis to investigate the developmental consequences of exposure to the PFAS molecule perfluoro‐octanoic sulfonate (PFOS).ResultsWe find that exposure to high levels of PFOS results in significant axial shortening of developing tadpoles. Further, we find that PFOS exposure results in a dose‐dependent formation of a cellular mass in the dorsal fin. Unexpectedly, we found that these developmental phenotypes are exacerbated upon co‐exposure with commonly used antibiotics. Specifically, PFOS and gentamicin co‐treatment results in increased apoptosis, loss of cellular integrity, and increased overall lethality.ConclusionsOur results suggest a mechanism whereby gentamicin reaches levels that are toxic to mitochondria only in the presence of PFOS. These findings add to our understanding of PFOS exposure to vertebrate development and present an added concern with potential interactions with antibiotics.