bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
17O nuclear magnetic resonance: Recent advances and applications
Authors: Krivdin Leonid B. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe present review is focused on the most recent achievements in the application of liquid phase 17O nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to inorganic, organic, and biochemical molecules focusing on their structure, conformations, and (bio)chemical behavior. The review is composed of four basic parts, namely, (1) simple molecules; (2) water and hydrogen bonding; (3) metal oxides, clusters, and complexes; and (4) biological molecules. Experimental 17O NMR chemical shifts are thoroughly tabulated. They span a range of as much as almost 650 ppm (from −35.6 to +610.0 ppm) for inorganic and organic molecules, whereas this range is much wider for biological species being of about 1350 ppm (from −12 to +1332 ppm), and in the case of hemoproteins and heme‐model compounds, isotropic chemical shifts of up to 2500 ppm were observed. The general prospects and caveats in the modern development of the liquid phase 17O NMR in chemistry and biochemistry are critically discussed and briefly outlined in view of their future applications.
Current exposure to Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery faculty during urology residency
Authors: Wang Connie N. , Su Irene W. , Smith Ariana L. , Badalato Gina M. , Chung Doreen E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionContemporary US resident exposure to Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery (FPMRS) faculty during urology residency is unknown.MethodsAccredited US urology residencies were identified through the American Urological Association (AUA). Accredited, urology‐based FPMRS fellowships were identified through the Society of Urodynamics, Female Pelvic Medicine and Urogenital Reconstruction. The number of faculty and residency positions were obtained from program AUA profiles if they were last modified within the current application cycle; this information was obtained from program websites if AUA profiles were outdated. Data on faculty fellowship training was manually extracted from program websites. A quality control cross‐check of program and faculty training characteristics was performed through direct communication with 5% of programs.ResultsOf 139 accredited residency programs assessed, 10.8% were affiliated with an accredited, urology‐based FPMRS fellowship. In total, 29.5% of residency programs, representing 25% of US urology residents, had neither a FPMRS fellowship nor any FPMRS certified faculty. The national FPMRS faculty‐to‐resident ratio was 1:10.8, and 7.4% of faculty at all residency programs were FPMRS certified. In comparison, faculty‐to‐resident ratios for other subspecialties were: 1:4.7 for pediatrics, 1:3.6 for oncology, 1:5.9 for minimally invasive surgery/endourology, 1:14.2 for trauma/reconstruction, and 1:11.8 for andrology or male sexual/reproductive health. The FPMRS faculty‐to‐resident ratio was 1:5.1 in programs with a urology‐based FPMRS fellowship compared with 1:13.4 in programs without a FPMRS fellowship.Conclusions30% of US urology residency programs lack FPMRS trained faculty. Even when FPMRS faculty are on staff, the field is often underrepresented relative to other urologic subspecialties. Further studies are required to ascertain if inadequate exposure to FPMRS cases and mentors during training contribute to the shortage of urology residents who choose to specialize in FPMRS. This link has important implications for the current shortage of FPMRS providers.
Cooperation strategies with third‐party platform: E‐tailer and manufacturer perspectives
Authors: Mao Rui , Chen Hongqiao , Shen Houcai 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWith the rapid development of e‐commerce, both e‐tailers and manufacturers have actively cooperated with third‐party platforms to expand distribution channels and enhance competitiveness. There are three typical choices for firms to cooperate with a third‐party platform: (i) non‐cooperation, (ii) agency selling cooperation mode, and (iii) reselling cooperation mode. We consider a three‐tier supply chain and establish a stylized theoretical model to explore whether and how the e‐tailer or the manufacturer cooperates with a third‐party platform. We investigate the optimal channel cooperation choices from both the e‐tailer's and the manufacturer's perspectives under various channel structures and cooperation modes, revealing their different roles in cooperating with third‐party platforms. Our results indicate that large potential market size of the third‐party platform motivates the e‐tailer to cooperate with the third‐party platform. On this basis, agency selling cooperation mode is preferred by the e‐tailer at mild channel competition and reasonable commission rate, while reselling cooperation mode dominates at high channel competition or when the commission rate exceeds a threshold. Interestingly, we find that the manufacturer has generally similar mode preference with the e‐tailer, and they have opposite preferences under the condition of low commission rate and moderate channel competition intensity. More importantly, our results reveal that direct channel cooperation between the manufacturer and third‐party platform harms the e‐tailer's interests, whereas the channel cooperation between the e‐tailer and third‐party platform may increase profits for all supply chain participants. Our study provides valuable insights for e‐tailers, manufacturers and third‐party platforms to make better channel cooperation decisions and achieve successful partnership in online retailing.
Caspase activation in tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes is associated with lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Bhosale Priyanka G , Kennedy Robert A , Watt Fiona M 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) are genetically heterogeneous and exhibit diverse stromal and immune microenvironments. Acquired resistance to standard chemo‐, radio‐, and targeted therapies remains a major hurdle in planning effective treatment modalities for OSCC patients. Since Caspase 8 (CASP8) is frequently mutated in OSCCs, we were interested to explore a potential interaction between tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and CASP8 activation using high‐content image analysis of human tumour (n = 32) sections. Despite the lymphocyte‐rich tumour microenvironment, we observed lower activation of CASP8 (0–10% of tumour area) and its downstream effector CASP3 (0–6%) in tumours than in normal oral epithelium. Conversely, we found apoptosis was high for all the lymphocyte subtypes examined (38–52% of lymphocytes within tumour islands). Tumours with higher Fas ligand (FasL) expression had a significantly higher proportion of cleaved CASP3/8 positive cytotoxic T cells within the tumour islands (p = 0.05), and this was associated with the presence of lymph node metastatic disease [odds ratio: 1.046, 95% confidence interval (1.002–1.091), p = 0.039]. Our finding of extensive activation of the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis in TILs, together with evidence of higher FasL in CASP8 mutated tumours, may be useful in predicting the course of disease in individual patients. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Children's Oncology Group's 2023 blueprint for research: Germ cell tumors
Authors: Bhuta Roma , Shah Rachana , Gell Joanna J. , Poynter Jenny N. , Bagrodia Aditya , Dicken Bryan J. , Pashankar Farzana , Frazier A Lindsay , Shaikh Furqan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractExtracranial germ cell tumors (GCT) are a biologically diverse group of tumors occurring in children, adolescents, and young adults. The majority of patients have excellent outcomes, but treatment‐related toxicities impact their quality of survivorship. A subset of patients succumbs to the disease. Current unmet needs include clarifying which patients can be safely observed after initial surgical resection, refinement of risk stratification to reduce chemotherapy burden in patients with standard‐risk disease, and intensify therapy for patients with poor‐risk disease. Furthermore, enhancing strategies for detection of minimal residual disease and early detection of relapse, particularly in serum tumor marker‐negative histologies, is critical. Improving the understanding of the developmental and molecular origins of GCTs may facilitate discovery of novel targets. Future efforts should be directed toward assessing novel therapies in a biology‐driven, biomarker‐defined, histology‐specific, risk‐stratified patient population. Fragmentation of care between subspecialists restricts the unified study of these rare tumors. It is imperative that trials be conducted in collaboration with national and international cooperative groups, with harmonized data and biospecimen collection. Key priorities for the Children's Oncology Group (COG) GCT Committee include (a) better understanding the biology of GCTs, with a focus on molecular targets and mechanisms of treatment resistance; (b) strategic development of pediatric and young adult clinical trials; (c) understanding late effects of therapy and identifying individuals most at risk; and (d) prioritizing diversity, equity, and inclusion to reduce cancer health disparities and studying the impacts of social determinants of health on outcomes.
Children's Oncology Group's 2023 blueprint for research: Non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: El‐Mallawany Nader Kim , Alexander Sarah , Fluchel Mark , Hayashi Robert J. , Lowe Eric J. , Giulino‐Roth Lisa , Wistinghausen Birte , Hermiston Michelle , Allen Carl E. ,   the COG NHL Committee
Published: July 2023

AbstractPediatric non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) includes over 30 histologies (many with subtypes), with approximately 800 cases per year in the United States. Improvements in survival in NHL over the past 5 decades align with the overall success of the cooperative trial model with dramatic improvements in outcomes. As an example, survival for advanced Burkitt lymphoma is now >95%. Major remaining challenges include survival for relapsed and refractory disease and long‐term morbidity in NHL survivors. Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) was added to the NHL Committee portfolio in recognition of LCH as a neoplastic disorder and the tremendous unmet need for improved outcomes. The goal of the Children’ Oncology Group NHL Committee is to identify optimal cures for every child and young adult with NHL (and LCH). Further advances will require creative solutions, including engineering study groups to combine rare populations, biology‐based eligibility, alternative endpoints, facilitating international collaborations, and coordinated correlative biology.
Metabolomic profiling reveals the mechanisms underlying the nephrotoxicity of methotrexate in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Cheng Yu , Chen Yanan , Zhao Mingming , Wang Minglu , Liu Maobai , Zhao Limei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundMethotrexate is widely recommended as a first‐line treatment for the intensive systemic and consolidation phases of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, methotrexate‐induced nephrotoxicity is a severe adverse reaction, of which the mechanisms remain unclear.MethodsAn untargeted metabolomics analysis of serum from childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients with delayed methotrexate excretion, with or without acute kidney injury, was performed to identify altered metabolites and metabolic pathways. An independent external validation cohort and in vitro HK‐2 cell assays further verified the candidate metabolites, and explored the mechanisms underlying the nephrotoxicity of methotrexate.ResultsFour metabolites showed significant differences between normal excretion and delayed excretion, seven metabolites reflected the differences between groups with or without acute kidney injury, and six pathways were finally enriched. In particular, oxidized glutathione was confirmed as a candidate metabolite involved in the toxicity of methotrexate. We further explored the role of glutathione deprivation‐induced ferroptosis on methotrexate cytotoxicity, and it was found that methotrexate overload significantly reduced cell viability, triggered reactive oxygen species and intracellular Fe2+ accumulation, and altered the expression of ferroptosis‐related proteins in HK‐2 cells. These methotrexate‐induced changes were alleviated or reversed by the administration of a ferroptosis inhibitor, further suggesting that ferroptosis promoted methotrexate‐induced cytotoxicity in HK‐2 cells.ConclusionsOur findings revealed complex metabolomic profiles and provided novel insights into the mechanism by which ferroptosis contributes to the nephrotoxic effects of methotrexate.
Three body abrasion wear resistance of cenosphere particle‐reinforced syntactic foams developed using molding method
Authors: Mahesh Vishwas , Mahesh Vinyas , Harursampath Dineshkumar , Shivanna Jayadev , Lakshmikanth Rakesh Chikkathotlukere , Renukumar Gagana Tumkur , Muthuramaiah Babitha Channamuddenahalli 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the factors that affect the abrasion of cenosphere‐reinforced syntactic foams and assess their three‐body wear behavior using Taguchi's design of experiments (L16 Orthogonal array). Cenospheres were dispersed into an epoxy matrix to create syntactic foam samples. The findings show that the syntactic foams' rate of wear was influenced by the cenosphere concentration. Reduced wear rate was obtained with a greater cenosphere concentration. Duration and applied force both had an impact on how quickly the syntactic foams wore out. This research can help in the creation of wear‐resistant composite materials for a variety of applications by illuminating the variables influencing the abrasion of cenosphere‐reinforced syntactic foams. The findings demonstrate that sp. rate of wear is minimum (0.124 × 10−8 m3/Nm) at the factor combination of 60% loading of filler, 40 N of applied load and duration of 15 min which can be indicated as A4B4C2. This is 10.56 times better than the combination A1B4C4 which exhibits an sp. wear rate of 1.31 × 10−8 m3/Nm. These lightweight syntactic foams have the potential to be used as tribo‐materials in friction applications, such as composite brake pads.
Knockout of floral and meiosis genes using CRISPR/Cas9 produces male‐sterility in Eucalyptus without impacts on vegetative growth
Authors: Nagle Michael F. , Nahata Surbhi S. , Zahl Bahiya , Niño de Rivera Alexa , Tacker Xavier V. , Elorriaga Estefania , Ma Cathleen , Goralogia Greg S. , Klocko Amy L. , Gordon Michael , Joshi Sonali , Strauss Steven H. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEucalyptus spp. are widely cultivated for the production of pulp, energy, essential oils, and as ornamentals. However, their dispersal from plantings, especially when grown as an exotic, can cause ecological disruptions. To provide new tools for prevention of sexual dispersal by pollen as well as to induce male‐sterility for hybrid breeding, we studied the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9‐mediated knockout of three floral genes in both FT‐expressing (early‐flowering) and non‐FT genotypes. We report male‐sterile phenotypes resulting from knockout of the homologs of all three genes, including one involved in meiosis and two regulating early stages of pollen development. The targeted genes were Eucalyptus homologs of REC8 (EREC8), TAPETAL DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTION 1 (ETDF1), and HECATE3 (EHEC3‐like). The erec8 knockouts yielded abnormal pollen grains and a predominance of inviable pollen, whereas the etdf1 and ehec3‐like knockouts produced virtually no pollen. In addition to male‐sterility, both erec8 and ehec3‐like knockouts may provide complete sterility because the failure of erec8 to undergo meiosis is expected to be independent of sex, and ehec3‐like knockouts produce flowers with shortened styles and no visible stigmas. When comparing knockouts to controls in wild‐type (non‐early‐flowering) backgrounds, we did not find visible morphological or statistical differences in vegetative traits, including average single‐leaf mass, stem volume, density of oil glands, or chlorophyll in leaves. Loss‐of‐function mutations in any of these three genes show promise as a means of inducing male‐ or complete sterility without impacting vegetative development.
Effects of mobility dose on discharge disposition in critically ill stroke patients
Authors: Mazwi Nicole , Lissak India , Wongtangman Karuna , Platzbecker Katharina , Albrecht Lea , Teja Bijan , Xu Xinling , Morteo Nicole M. , Sparling Tawnee , Latronico Nicola , Barbieri Silvia , Blobner Manfred , Schaller Stefan J. , Eikermann Matthias 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundMobilization in the intensive care unit (ICU) has the potential to improve patient outcomes following acute stroke. The optimal duration and intensity of mobilization for patients with hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke in the ICU remain unclear.ObjectiveTo assess the effect of mobilization dose in the ICU on adverse discharge disposition in patients after stroke.DesignThis is an international, prospective, observational cohort study of critically ill stroke patients (November 2017–September 2019). Duration and intensity of mobilization was quantified daily by the mobilization quantification score (MQS).SettingPatients requiring ICU‐level care were enrolled within 48 hours of admission at four separate academic medical centers (two in Europe, two in the United States).ParticipantsParticipants included individuals (>18 years old) admitted to an ICU within 48 hours of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke onset who were functionally independent at baseline.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasureThe primary outcome was adverse discharge disposition.ResultsOf the patients screened, 163 were eligible for inclusion in the study. One patient was subsequently excluded due to insufficient data collection (n = 162). The dose of mobilization varied greatly between centers and patients, which could not be explained by patients' comorbidities or disease severity. High dose of mobilization (mean MQS > 7.3) was associated with a lower likelihood of adverse discharge (adjusted odds ratio, [aOR]: 0.14; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.06–0.31; p < .01).ConclusionThe increased use of mobilization acutely in the ICU setting may improve patient outcomes.
Structural basis for binding of the renal carcinoma target hypoxia‐inducible factor 2α to prolyl hydroxylase domain 2
Authors: Figg William D. , Fiorini Giorgia , Chowdhury Rasheduzzaman , Nakashima Yu , Tumber Anthony , McDonough Michael A. , Schofield Christopher J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) prolyl‐hydroxylases (human PHD1‐3) catalyze prolyl hydroxylation in oxygen‐dependent degradation (ODD) domains of HIFα isoforms, modifications that signal for HIFα proteasomal degradation in an oxygen‐dependent manner. PHD inhibitors are used for treatment of anemia in kidney disease. Increased erythropoietin (EPO) in patients with familial/idiopathic erythrocytosis and pulmonary hypertension is associated with mutations in EGLN1 (PHD2) and EPAS1 (HIF2α); a drug inhibiting HIF2α activity is used for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) treatment. We report crystal structures of PHD2 complexed with the C‐terminal HIF2α‐ODD in the presence of its 2‐oxoglutarate cosubstrate or N‐oxalylglycine inhibitor. Combined with the reported PHD2.HIFα‐ODD structures and biochemical studies, the results inform on the different PHD.HIFα‐ODD binding modes and the potential effects of clinically observed mutations in HIFα and PHD2 genes. They may help enable new therapeutic avenues, including PHD isoform‐selective inhibitors and sequestration of HIF2α by the PHDs for ccRCC treatment.
A longitudinal area classification of migration in Great Britain: Testing the application of Group‐Based Multi‐Trajectory Modelling
Authors: Kienast‐von Einem Caroline , Panter Jenna , Reid Alice 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe migration of people affects the geographical distribution of the population and the demographic composition of areas over the short, medium and long terms. To recognise and respond to the corresponding needs and challenges, including consequences for service provision, social cohesion and population health, there is a continuing need to understand migration patterns of the past and present. Area classifications are a useful tool to simplify the inherently complex data on migration flows and characteristics. Yet, existing classifications often lack direct migration measures or focus solely on cross‐sectional data. This study addresses these limitations by employing Group‐Based Multi‐Trajectory Modelling (GBMTM) to create a longitudinal, migration‐specific classification of Great Britain's wards from 1981 to 2011, using six migration indicators. Using U.K. census data, we reveal six distinct migration clusters that highlight the rapid growth in studentifying neighbourhoods, the continuous influx of migrants into inner cities, and a noticeable North–South divide in terms of movers' tenure enforced by persisting income selectivity. Additionally, the geographical distribution of clusters shows a common pattern in urban areas irrespective of size or location. The longitudinal perspective of our GBMTM classification highlights trends and changes in migration patterns that are not well reflected in either the general purpose or the cross‐sectional migration classification that we used as comparators. We conclude that the method presented and the classification generated offer a novel lens on migration and provide new opportunities to explore the effects of migration on a variety of outcomes and at various scales.
“Respect my opinion and I'll respect yours!”: Exploring the challenges, concerns, and informational needs of vaccine‐hesitant caregivers and pregnant women in the Philippines
Authors: Reñosa Mark Donald C. , Endoma Vivienne , Sornillo Johanna Beulah , Bravo Thea Andrea , Landicho‐Guevarra Jhoys , Aligato Mila , Landicho Jeniffer , Sornillo Bianca Joyce , Demonteverde Maria Paz , Silvestre Catherine , Malacad Carol , Pambid Lourdes , Llopis Jimena , Francisco Cecilia , Inobaya Marianette T. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite the instrumental role of vaccines, public confidence is declining, and anti‐vaccine movements have increased worldwide. With the goal of informing policy decisions and the development of interventions, we explore the concerns and challenges related to vaccine uptake (of childhood, maternal, and COVID‐19 vaccines) among parents or caregivers of under‐two children and pregnant women in urban and rural communities in the Philippines.MethodsBetween May and June 2022, we conducted combined in‐person and online interviews with purposively selected caregivers and pregnant women in the Calabarzon region (Naic, Cavite and Tanay, Rizal), and National Capital Region (Pasay and Muntinlupa Cities), Philippines. A total of 43 interviews were completed, audio‐recorded, transcribed, and analyzed according to the tenets of hermeneutic phenomenology.ResultsOur results, grounded on the social ecological model, underlined the interplays of contextual or logistical challenges on vaccine uptake, respondents’ overarching concerns about vaccines, and their informational needs that affected their vaccine decision‐making. Respondents described that the long‐established maternal and childhood vaccines no longer represent a high‐risk concern but highlighted their fears and hesitancy particularly to newer vaccines.ConclusionOur findings underscore the multilayered challenges in vaccine decision‐making among caregivers and pregnant women. The volatility of vaccine decision‐making necessitates rethinking the current immunization process, recalibrating the health workforce, and reinvigorating the health information delivery channels for more inclusive and responsive health care.