bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vegetative phase change causes age‐dependent changes in phenotypic plasticity
Authors: Lawrence‐Paul Erica H. , Poethig R. Scott , Lasky Jesse R. 
Published: August 2023

Summary
Phenotypic plasticity allows organisms to optimize traits for their environment. As organisms age, they experience diverse environments that benefit from varying degrees of phenotypic plasticity. Developmental transitions can control these age‐dependent changes in plasticity, and as such, the timing of these transitions can determine when plasticity changes in an organism.
Here, we investigate how the transition from juvenile‐to adult‐vegetative development known as vegetative phase change (VPC) contributes to age‐dependent changes in phenotypic plasticity and how the timing of this transition responds to environment using both natural accessions and mutant lines in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana.
We found that the adult phase of vegetative development has greater plasticity in leaf morphology than the juvenile phase and confirmed that this difference in plasticity is caused by VPC using mutant lines. Furthermore, we found that the timing of VPC, and therefore the time when increased plasticity is acquired, varies significantly across genotypes and environments.
The consistent age‐dependent changes in plasticity caused by VPC suggest that VPC may be adaptive. This genetic and environmental variation in the timing of VPC indicates the potential for population‐level adaptive evolution of VPC.
Rice‐produced classical swine fever virus glycoprotein E2 with herringbone‐dimer design to enhance immune responses
Authors: Xu Qianru , Ma Fanshu , Yang Daichang , Li Qingmei , Yan Liming , Ou Jiquan , Zhang Longxian , Liu Yunchao , Zhan Quan , Li Rui , Wei Qiang , Hu Hui , Wang Yanan , Li Xueyang , Zhang Shenli , Yang Jifei , Chai Shujun , Du Yongkun , Wang Li , Zhang Erqin , Zhang Gaiping 
Published: August 2023

SummaryPestiviruses, including classical swine fever virus, remain a concern for global animal health and are responsible for major economic losses of livestock worldwide. Despite high levels of vaccination, currently available commercial vaccines are limited by safety concerns, moderate efficacy, and required high doses. The development of new vaccines is therefore essential. Vaccine efforts should focus on optimizing antigen presentation to enhance immune responses. Here, we describe a simple herringbone‐dimer strategy for efficient vaccine design, using the classical swine fever virus E2 expressed in a rice endosperm as an example. The expression of rE2 protein was identified, with the rE2 antigen accumulating to 480 mg/kg. Immunological assays in mice, rabbits, and pigs showed high antigenicity of rE2. Two immunizations with 284 ng of the rE2 vaccine or one shot with 5.12 μg provided effective protection in pigs without interference from pre‐existing antibodies. Crystal structure and small‐angle X‐ray scattering results confirmed the stable herringbone dimeric conformation, which had two fully exposed duplex receptor binding domains. Our results demonstrated that rice endosperm is a promising platform for precise vaccine design, and this strategy can be universally applied to other Flaviviridae virus vaccines.
A diffuse, pustular eruption in a neonate: Recognizing SAMD9L‐associated autoinflammatory disease (SAAD)
Authors: Miller Melanie M. , Rowe Georgina , O'Brien Kathleen , Kim Gene , Luu Minnelly 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA 3‐week‐old baby with hydrops fetalis, acute respiratory failure, and shock of unknown etiology developed a diffuse, pustular rash with worsening inflammatory markers and respiratory status despite antimicrobials. Whole exome sequencing revealed a de novo, frameshift mutation in the SAM9DL gene, leading to the diagnosis of SAMD9L‐associated autoinflammatory disease.
Conservative Approach to Treating American Football Players With Medial Collateral Ligament Grade 2 Sprain During the Season
Authors: Bianco Lucas , Jahn Eden , Renninger Shannon 
Published: August 2023

Context: The medial collateral ligament is the most commonly injured ligament in the knee. The high-speed pivoting and agility movements that are common in the sport of American Football put participants at an increased risk for a valgus force stress from contact or noncontact injuries. Positional release therapy (PRT) also considered strain/counterstrain focuses on releasing the tension in a tissue through unloading the involved body part. Case Presentation: Two male student-athletes participating in football with a mean age of 20.5 years were diagnosed by a physician with medial collateral ligament grade 2 sprain. Both patients sustained their injuries in a regular season game with a contact valgus force from an opposing player. Management and Outcomes: After the initial 72 hours of compression, elevation, and cryotherapy, the patients were both treated with PRT followed by progressive loading exercises. Following 4 treatment sessions of PRT over the next 6 days, the patients started with quadriceps engagement exercises, single-leg squats to 60° knee flexion, side steps, triceps dips, slow controlled lunges, and toe walk. The patients progressed to full body weight squats, single-leg landing, step-up tri-extension, and sidekicks with a leg on table. Then, the patients completed function movements and sports-specific exercises. Conclusions: In this case series, 2 patients competing in intercollege American Football were treated with PRT and progressive loading exercises to facilitate return to unrestricted activities and improve outcome measures. Commonly, a grade 2 medial collateral ligament sprain is conservatively treated with return to sport taking 20 days on average. In this type 2 case series, the clinician found success utilizing PRT early in the recovery process, which in these 2 cases lead to restoration of function, outcome measure improvement, and an expedited return to sport. The expedited return to sport occurred at an average of 18 days for these patients.
Diverse genotypes of human enteric and non-enteric adenoviruses circulating in children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Thailand, from 2018 to 2021
Authors: Yodmeeklin Arpaporn , Kumthip Kattareeya , Ukarapol Nuthapong , Ushijima Hiroshi , Maneekarn Niwat , Khamrin Pattara 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Human adenovirus (HAdV) is a common viral pathogen that causes diarrhea in children worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and genotype diversity of HAdV strains circulating in children admitted to the hospitals with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in Chiang Mai, Thailand, from 2018 to 2021. A total of 1,790 stool samples were screened for HAdV by PCR method, and 80 (4.5%) were positive for HAdV. Of these, children under 5 years of age accounted for 90.0% of HAdV-positive cases with the highest infection rate at the age group of 48–60 months old. The infection rate was not significantly different between boys and girls. The HAdV infection was detected sporadically throughout the year without a discrete seasonal pattern. Five species of both enteric and non-enteric HAdVs (A, B, C, E, and F) with 10 different genotypes, including HAdV-F41 (25.0%), HAdV-B3 (17.5%), HAdV-F40 (16.3%), HAdV-C1 (15.0%), HAdV-C5 (7.5%), HAdV-C2 (6.3%), HAdV-B7 (5.0%), HAdV-A12 (3.8%), HAdV-E4 (2.5%), and HAdV-B11 (1.3%), were detected in this study. In conclusion, our study reported the prevalence and seasonality of HAdV infection with a wide variety of HAdV genotypes circulating in children hospitalized with AGE during a period of 2018–2021 in Chiang Mai, Thailand.

IMPORTANCE
In the present study, the prevalence of human adenovirus (HAdV) infection in children with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in Chiang Mai, Thailand, from 2018 to 2021 was detected at 4.5%. Diverse species and genotypes of HAdVs (HAdV-A12, HAdV-B3, HAdV-B7, HAdV-B11, HAdV-C1, HAdV-C2, HAdV-C5, HAdV-E4, HAdV-F40, and HAdV-F41) had been identified. The highest infection rate was found in children aged 48–60 months old. The HAdV infection was detected sporadically throughout the year. These findings imply that a wide variety of HAdV genotypes circulate in pediatric patients with AGE in Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Acylated Flavonoids from Cucumis sativus Inhibit the Activity of Human Pancreatic Lipase
Authors: Olennikov D. N. , Kashchenko N. I. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLipid metabolism disorders are a large group of diseases for the treatment of which various strategies are used, including the use of pancreatic lipase inhibitors that reduce the intake and adsorption of lipids. This study was the first that shows that agricultural wastes of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) can be a source of the effective lipase inhibitors. As a result of the chromatographic separation of metabolites in C. sativus leaves, seven acylated flavonoids were identified, including three new derivatives of isovitexin characterized by UV, NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry data as isovitexin-2"-O-glucoside-6"-O-ferulate (1), isovitexin-2"-O-glucoside-6"-O-p-coumarate (2), and isovitexin-2"-O-(6"-O-feruloyl)-glucoside-6"-O-ferulate (3). The quantitative HPLC data showed that the total content of the acylated flavonoids in the leaves of Russian varieties of C. sativus amounted to 3.78–7.44 mg/g of dry plant weight. Isolated compounds demonstrated the ability to inhibit the human pancreatic lipase; the effectiveness of compound 3 was the greatest and exceeded the activity of the reference compound Orlistat. This study has shown that C. sativus leaves can be a useful source of biologically active phytocomponents with hypolipidemic activity.
Cancer mortality after low dose exposure to ionising radiation in workers in France, the United Kingdom, and the United States (INWORKS): cohort study
Authors: Richardson David B , Leuraud Klervi , Laurier Dominique , Gillies Michael , Haylock Richard , Kelly-Reif Kaitlin , Bertke Stephen , Daniels Robert D , Thierry-Chef Isabelle , Moissonnier Monika , Kesminiene Ausrele , Schubauer-Berigan Mary K 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the effect of protracted low dose, low dose rate exposure to ionising radiation on the risk of cancer.

Design
Multinational cohort study.

Setting
Cohorts of workers in the nuclear industry in France, the UK, and the US included in a major update to the International Nuclear Workers Study (INWORKS).

Participants
309 932 workers with individual monitoring data for external exposure to ionising radiation and a total follow-up of 10.7 million person years.

Main outcome measures
Estimates of excess relative rate per gray (Gy) of radiation dose for mortality from cancer.

Results
The study included 103 553 deaths, of which 28 089 were due to solid cancers. The estimated rate of mortality due to solid cancer increased with cumulative dose by 52% (90% confidence interval 27% to 77%) per Gy, lagged by 10 years. Restricting the analysis to the low cumulative dose range (0-100 mGy) approximately doubled the estimate of association (and increased the width of its confidence interval), as did restricting the analysis to workers hired in the more recent years of operations when estimates of occupational external penetrating radiation dose were recorded more accurately. Exclusion of deaths from lung cancer and pleural cancer had a modest effect on the estimated magnitude of association, providing indirect evidence that the association was not substantially confounded by smoking or occupational exposure to asbestos.

Conclusions
This major update to INWORKS provides a direct estimate of the association between protracted low dose exposure to ionising radiation and solid cancer mortality based on some of the world’s most informative cohorts of radiation workers. The summary estimate of excess relative rate solid cancer mortality per Gy is larger than estimates currently informing radiation protection, and some evidence suggests a steeper slope for the dose-response association in the low dose range than over the full dose range. These results can help to strengthen radiation protection, especially for low dose exposures that are of primary interest in contemporary medical, occupational, and environmental settings.
Health-seeking experiences of women with obstetric fistula: a qualitative study at two fistula centres in Ghana
Authors: Asiedua Ernestina , Maya Ernest , Ganle John Kuumuori , Eliason Sebastian , Ansah-Ofei Adelaide Maria , Senkyire Ephraim Kumi , Adanu Richard 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesThe study explored the health-seeking experiences of women with obstetric fistula from the onset of the condition until surgical treatment was obtained. It also describes their interactions with health staff and traditional healers.DesignExploratory, descriptive qualitative study.SettingTwo secondary-level health facilities in the northern and central regions of Ghana; data collection took place in 2018–2019.ParticipantsA purposive sample of 37 women who had experienced fistula resulting from childbirth and were awaiting fistula repair at the two fistula centres in Ghana was obtained.Data analysisThematic analysis was used to analyse the data.ResultsHealth-seeking experiences and behaviours of women with obstetric fistula were identified. Six major themes were generated: attribution and perceptions of fistula; competing alternatives/multiple sources of care; limited awareness and access to care; financial barriers; psychosocial challenges, and abuse by healers. The results indicate that the health-seeking experiences of women with obstetric fistula were characterised by long delays in care-seeking. The major themes and subthemes are presented with quotes from participants.ConclusionThe women experienced winding pathways of treatment-seeking due to lack of awareness and incorrect attribution. The major barriers to health-seeking included poverty, challenges with transportation and inadequate repair centres. Increased awareness of obstetric fistula and access to repair centres could shorten the suffering women go through while awaiting fistula treatment. Improved awareness of obstetric fistula and establishment of more fistula centres would be beneficial.
Comparing trends in mid-life ‘deaths of despair’ in the USA, Canada and UK, 2001–2019: is the USA an anomaly?
Authors: Dowd Jennifer Beam , Angus Colin , Zajacova Anna , Tilstra Andrea M 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesIn recent years, ‘deaths of despair’ due to drugs, alcohol and suicide have contributed to rising mid-life mortality in the USA. We examine whether despair-related deaths and mid-life mortality trends are also changing in peer countries, the UK and Canada.DesignDescriptive analysis of population mortality rates.SettingThe USA, UK (and constituent nations England and Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland) and Canada, 2001–2019.ParticipantsFull population aged 35–64 years.Outcome measuresWe compared all-cause and ‘despair’-related mortality trends at mid-life across countries using publicly available mortality data, stratified by three age groups (35–44, 45–54 and 55–64 years) and by sex. We examined trends in all-cause mortality and mortality by causes categorised as (1) suicides, (2) alcohol-specific deaths and (3) drug-related deaths. We employ several descriptive approaches to visually inspect age, period and cohort trends in these causes of death.ResultsThe USA and Scotland both saw large relative increases and high absolute levels of drug-related deaths. The rest of the UK and Canada saw relative increases but much lower absolute levels in comparison. Alcohol-specific deaths showed less consistent trends that did not track other ‘despair’ causes, with older groups in Scotland seeing steep declines over time. Suicide deaths trended slowly upward in most countries.ConclusionsIn the UK, Scotland has suffered increases in drug-related mortality comparable with the USA, while Canada and other UK constituent nations did not see dramatic increases. Alcohol-specific and suicide mortalities generally follow different patterns to drug-related deaths across countries and over time, questioning the utility of a cohesive ‘deaths of despair’ narrative.
Cohort profile for development of machine learning models to predict healthcare-related adverse events (Demeter): clinical objectives, data requirements for modelling and overview of data set for 2016–2018
Authors: Artemova Svetlana , von Schenck Ursula , Fa Rui , Stoessel Daniel , Nowparast Rostami Hadiseh , Madiot Pierre-Ephrem , Januel Jean-Marie , Pagonis Daniel , Landelle Caroline , Gallouche Meghann , Cancé Christophe , Olive Frederic , Moreau-Gaudry Alexandre , Prieur Sigurd , Bosson Jean-Luc 
Published: August 2023

PurposeIn-hospital health-related adverse events (HAEs) are a major concern for hospitals worldwide. In high-income countries, approximately 1 in 10 patients experience HAEs associated with their hospital stay. Estimating the risk of an HAE at the individual patient level as accurately as possible is one of the first steps towards improving patient outcomes. Risk assessment can enable healthcare providers to target resources to patients in greatest need through adaptations in processes and procedures. Electronic health data facilitates the application of machine-learning methods for risk analysis. We aim, first to reveal correlations between HAE occurrence and patients’ characteristics and/or the procedures they undergo during their hospitalisation, and second, to build models that allow the early identification of patients at an elevated risk of HAE.Participants143 865 adult patients hospitalised at Grenoble Alpes University Hospital (France) between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2018.Findings to dateIn this set-up phase of the project, we describe the preconditions for big data analysis using machine-learning methods. We present an overview of the retrospective de-identified multisource data for a 2-year period extracted from the hospital’s Clinical Data Warehouse, along with social determinants of health data from the National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies, to be used in machine learning (artificial intelligence) training and validation. No supplementary information or evaluation on the part of medical staff will be required by the information system for risk assessment.Future plansWe are using this data set to develop predictive models for several general HAEs including secondary intensive care admission, prolonged hospital stay, 7-day and 30-day re-hospitalisation, nosocomial bacterial infection, hospital-acquired venous thromboembolism, and in-hospital mortality.
Temporal trends in obesity defined by the relative fat mass (RFM) index among adults in the United States from 1999 to 2020: a population-based study
Authors: Woolcott Orison O , Seuring Till 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesThe body mass index (BMI) largely underestimates excess body fat, suggesting that the prevalence of obesity could be underestimated. Biologically, women are known to have higher body fat than men. This study aimed to compare the temporal trends in general obesity by sex, ethnicity and age among adults in the USA using the relative fat mass (RFM), a validated surrogate for whole-body fat percentage and BMI.DesignPopulation-based study.SettingUS National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, from 1999–2000 to 2017–March 2020.ParticipantsA representative sample of adults 20–79 years in the USA.Main outcome measuresAge-adjusted prevalence of general obesity. RFM-defined obesity was diagnosed using validated cut-offs to predict all-cause mortality: RFM≥40% for women and ≥30% for men. BMI-defined obesity was diagnosed using a cut-off of 30 kg/m2.ResultsAnalysis included data from 47 667 adults. Among women, RFM-defined obesity prevalence was 64.7% (95% CI 62.1% to 67.3%) in 2017–2020, a linear increase of 13.9 percentage points (95% CI 9.0% to 18.9%; p<0.001) relative to 1999–2000. In contrast, the prevalence of BMI-defined obesity was 42.2% (95% CI 39.4% to 45.0%) in 2017–2020. Among men, the corresponding RFM-defined obesity prevalence was 45.8% (95% CI 42.0% to 49.7%), a linear increase of 12.0 percentage points (95% CI 6.6% to 17.3%; p<0.001). In contrast, the prevalence of BMI-defined obesity was 42.0 (95% CI 37.8% to 46.3%). The highest prevalence of RFM-defined obesity across years was observed in older adults (60–79 years) and Mexican Americans, in women and men. Conversely, the highest prevalence of BMI-defined obesity across years was observed in middle-age (40–59 years) and older adults, and in African American women.ConclusionsThe use of a surrogate for whole-body fat percentage revealed a much higher prevalence of general obesity in the USA from 1999 to 2020, particularly among women, than that estimated using BMI, and detected a disproportionate higher prevalence of general obesity in older adults and Mexican Americans.
Barriers to and facilitators of a just-in-time adaptive intervention for respiratory illness in cerebral palsy: a qualitative study
Authors: Singh-Verdeflor Kristina Devi , Kloster Heidi M , Lerner Carlos , Klitzner Thomas S , Cushing Christopher C , Gerber Danielle M , Katz Barbara J , Chung Paul J , Delgado-Martinez Roxana , Porras-Javier Lorena , Ia Siem , Wagner Teresa , Ehlenbach Mary L , Warner Gemma , Coller Ryan J 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveTo understand caregiver, healthcare professional and national expert perspectives on implementation of a just-in-time adaptive intervention, RE-PACT (Respiratory Exacerbation-Plans for Action and Care Transitions) to prevent respiratory crises in severe cerebral palsy.DesignQualitative research study.SettingPaediatric complex care programmes at two academic medical institutions.ParticipantsA total of n=4 focus groups were conducted with caregivers of children with severe cerebral palsy and chronic respiratory illness, n=4 with healthcare professionals, and n=1 with national experts.MethodsParticipants viewed a video summarising RE-PACT, which includes action planning, mobile health surveillance of parent confidence to avoid hospitalisation and rapid clinical response at times of low confidence. Moderated discussion elicited challenges and benefits of RE-PACT’s design, and inductive thematic analysis elicited implementation barriers and facilitators.ResultsOf the 19 caregivers recruited, nearly half reported at least one hospitalisation for their child in the prior year. Healthcare professionals and national experts (n=26) included physicians, nurses, respiratory therapists, social workers and researchers. Four overarching themes and their barriers/facilitators emphasised the importance of design and interpersonal relationships balanced against health system infrastructure constraints. Intervention usefulness in crisis scenarios relies on designing action plans for intuitiveness and accuracy, and mobile health surveillance tools for integration into daily life. Trust, knowledge, empathy and adequate clinician capacity are essential components of clinical responder-caregiver relationships.ConclusionsRE-PACT’s identified barriers are addressable. Just-in-time adaptive interventions for cerebral palsy appear well-suited to address families’ need to tailor intervention content to levels of experience, preference and competing demands.