bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posterior capsular opacification and Nd:YAG capsulotomy rates in patients implanted with square-edged and non-square-edged intraocular lenses in manual small-incision cataract surgery: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Joshi Rajesh S , Rasal Ashwini V. 
Published: August 2023

Purpose:
To study posterior capsular opacification (PCO) and neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) capsulotomy rates in patients implanted with square-edged and non-square-edged intraocular lenses (IOLs) in manual small-incision cataract surgery (MSICS).

Setting:
Tertiary eye care center.

Design:
Prospective, comparative, and randomized controlled study.

Methods:
This study included patients with senile cataracts scheduled for MSICS and IOL implantation. One eye of each patient was randomized to the implantation of square-edged (S group) or non-square-edged IOL (NSQ group). An independent observer analyzed PCO at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months under slit-lamp illumination.

Results:
A total of 104 eyes were included in this study. The mean age of the participants in the two groups was 63.2 (±8.2) years, and there were 65 (62.5%) men and 39 women (37.5%). The mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) values at 6, 12, and 18 months were 0.157 (±0.10), 0.11 (±0.12), and 0.12 (±0.11), respectively, in the S group and 0.17 (±0.10), 0.17 (±0.12), and 0.20 (±0.17), respectively, in the NSQ group. At 12 (P = 0.03) and 18 months (P = 0.01) follow-up, the BCVA of the S group was significantly better than that of the NSQ group. Four eyes in the NSQ group and one eye in the S group required Nd: YAG.

Conclusion:
Evaluation of PCO and Nd:YAG capsulotomy rates showed that the 360° square of the posterior IOL edge plays a role in the prevention of PCO. Owing to the low cost of the material and the easy availability of IOLs manufactured from it, square-edged IOL has a definite role in the prevention of PCO in MSICS.
Serum Methamphetamine Positivity in Trauma Patients Undergoing Surgery Has No Negative Effect on Postoperative Morbidity and Mortality
Authors: Zhou James , Wu Adela , Miao Jingya , Singh Harminder 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
The link between methamphetamine (METH) use and mortality or morbidity, particularly perioperative complications, associated with trauma surgery are not well characterized. This study aims to address this by performing a comparison of surgical outcomes between METH-negative (METH−) and METH-positive (METH+) trauma patients.

Methods:
An Institutional Review Board-approved retrospective chart review was performed on all trauma patients admitted to our Level 1 trauma center who underwent surgical operations between 2015 and 2020. Patients were categorized into METH− and METH+ groups. Patient characteristics such as age, sex, race, Injury Severity Score (ISS), presence of peri-operative complications, and mortality, amongst others, were used to perform univariate comparisons. Additional multi-variate comparisons were performed across both the whole cohort and with age, sex, and ISS-matched groups.

Results:
Of 571 patients who met the final inclusion criteria, 421 were METH− and 150 METH+. The METH+ group also possessed a lower median ISS (P = 0.0478) and did not possess significantly different mortality or morbidity than their METH− counterparts in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis in whole-group and matched-group cohorts indicated that METH was not a positive predictor of mortality or morbidity. Instead, ISS predicted mortality (P = 0.048) and morbidity (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Our results suggest that METH use does not exert a positive effect on mortality or morbidity in the acute trauma surgery setting and that ISS may be a more significant contributor, suggesting severity, and etiology of injury are also important considerations for trauma surgery evaluation.
Evaluation of serum selenium levels in patients with multiple warts
Authors: Alizadeh Narges , Rafiei Rana , Darjani Abbas , Eftekhari Hojat , Nejad Kaveh Gharaei , Rafiei Elahe , Nasiri Meghdad 
Published: August 2023

Background
Some micronutrients including selenium (Se) have immunoregulatory effects in the body. Our hypothesis was that decreased serum Se levels could be associated with some degree of immunodeficiency and increased chance of multiple cutaneous warts.

Objective
To measure serum Se levels in patients with multiple cutaneous warts and healthy participants to verify its inhibitory role in cutaneous warts.

Patients and methods
A case–control study was conducted on 136 participants: 68 cases with multiple cutaneous warts and 68 age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls. Collected data were age, sex, number, duration, and clinical type of the warts. Blood samples were taken from all participants for the evaluation of serum Se level. Se level was measured with atomic absorption method.

Results
Median of the Se level was significantly lower in patients with multiple warts compared with healthy controls (P<0.05), but the frequency of Se deficiency was not significantly different in the two groups. There was not any association between Se level and number of warts, but it was significantly lower in palmoplantar warts compared with genital warts.

Conclusion
A significant decrease in median Se level in patients with multiple warts even without Se deficiency may cause some decline in immune system against papillomaviruses. Lack of Se deficiency in the north of Iran may have led to nonsignificant differences in the frequency of Se deficiency in the two groups.
Conventional and molecular diagnostics for detection of causative fungi in clinical samples of human dermatomycosis
Authors: Tawfik Khaled M. , Mohammed Refaat R. , Sobhy Ali , Shaltout Asmaa S. 
Published: August 2023

Background
Dermatomycosis affects millions of people worldwide; the availability of data on the prevalence of superficial fungal infections and some associated epidemiological factors in our region is little.

Objective
To compare conventional and molecular methods to characterize some fungal species causing human mycotic infection.

Patients and methods
The present cross-sectional study of fungal skin diseases was done on 100 patients. Skin scrapings and nail cuttings were subjected to direct microscopic examination using potassium hydroxide and lactophenol cotton blue, followed by culturing on Sabouraud’ dextrose agar. HiCrome agar was used for characterization of Candida species. Molecular diagnosis of some fungal isolates was performed by sequencing the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region.

Results
Tinea capitis was the commonest clinical presentation in 48% of cases, followed by tinea corporis 20% and tinea faciei 13%. Fungi were demonstrated in 88% of cases by direct microscopy and/or culture. Direct microscopy was positive in 51% of cases. A higher percentage of positivity 77% was obtained from samples cultured on Sabouraud’ dextrose agar. Dermatophytes were isolated from patients who complained of tinea capitis and tinea corporis (75 and 70%, respectively). Comparing molecular with conventional results, it was found that molecular identification was confirmatory to conventional results, except in two isolates: Chrysosporium lobatum was previously diagnosed as Chrysosporium tropicum and Trichophyton interdigitale was previously diagnosed as Trichophyton mentagrophytes by conventional methods.

Conclusion

Trichophyton violaceum and Microsporum
canis were the main etiologic agents of tinea capitis (45.8 and 27%, respectively). Epidermophyton floccosum was only isolated from four cases of tinea corporis and one of the tinea cruris. Candida species were the main causal agents of onychomycosis. Acremonium spinosum and C. lobatum appeared in this study as new etiologic agents of nail infections. Molecular identification is confirmatory to conventional results, but it is expensive and faces some difficulties, in our country, its use is encouraged to identify dermatophytes in atypical isolates.
Subjective versus objective recognition of facial vitiligo lesions
Authors: Anbar Tag S. , Atwa Mona A. , Abdel-Aziz Rasha T. , Hegazy Rehab A. , Ibrahim Sarah I. , El Genedy Rabab M. , Afify Ahmed A. , Anbar Mohammed T. , Farid Carmen I. 
Published: August 2023

Background
Visual recognition of alteration in the skin color depends upon the contrast between altered areas and their surrounding background color. The maximum contrast in vitiligo exists in dark-complexioned patients between depigmented white patches and unaffected background dark skin. On the other hand, hypopigmented and even depigmented lesions may not be easily recognizable in fair skin due to less contrast. Wood's light examination becomes essential in such cases for better recognition and definition of the lesions. Despite its established role, the exact added value of using Wood's light in recognition of vitiligo lesions has not been previously studied.

Objective
To verify the differential perception of vitiligo lesions between the patient and the dermatologist compared with the gold-standard detection by Wood's lamp.

Patients and methods
This multicenter cross-sectional study included 200 vitiligo patients. The distribution and surface area of their facial lesions were delineated and measured as perceived by the patient, and by the dermatologist in standardized regular light and using Wood's lamp.

Results
Lesional surface area as perceived by the patient and the dermatologist in regular light did not differ significantly (P=0.137), while lesions delineated under Wood's lamp were significantly larger than both (P<0.001 in both instances), due to the detection of new clinically invisible lesions and/or invisible extensions to clinically visible lesions. The presence of these subclinical lesions was not related to Fitzpatrick's skin phototype, vitiligo clinical type, duration, or activity score.

Conclusion
Subclinical lesions represent a new addition to the current spectrum of vitiligo presentations. Their detection in the current study depended solely on Wood's light examination; hence, its use should be integral to vitiligo patient assessment. Pointing out these lesions to the patient is essential for proper application of local medications.
Outpatient therapeutic program
Authors: Amin Ulfat , Rasool Insha , Manzoor Foziya , Jan Rohi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
One strategy for treating acute malnutrition in the community is the outpatient therapeutic program (OTP), which involves the community involvement, providing children with good appetites and management of uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition among children of 6–59 months old by providing them ready-to-use therapeutic food at home along with standard medical care. Approximately 85%–90% of kids with severe acute malnutrition are effectively treated at home in OTP by coming in frequently till they become well. With OTP, severe acute malnutrition management services are offered closer to the community at primary healthcare institutions, where children with simple severe acute malnutrition get varying amounts of ready-to-use therapeutic food such as Plumpy’ Nut sachets depending on their body weight. OTP are a vital component of the global effort to address malnutrition in children. These programs typically involve providing nutrient-dense therapeutic foods to children, along with regular medical checkups and counseling for caregivers on feeding practices and nutrition. Studies have shown that OTPs can lead to significant improvements in weight gain, recovery rates, and reduction in mortality among children with severe acute malnutrition. OTPs have also been found to be cost-effective and can be scaled up to reach a large number of children. OTPs can provide life-saving treatment to children suffering from SAM and help prevent the long-term consequences of malnutrition.
Mandatory COVID-19 vaccination: A controversial but necessary tool for public health
Authors: Panda Paramjot 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global health crisis, with over 6 million deaths and over 500 million cases reported as of February 2023. Vaccination is a critical tool for preventing the spread of COVID-19 and protecting people from severe illness, hospitalization, and death.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This paper reviews the evidence on the safety, appropriateness, and effectiveness of mandatory COVID-19 vaccination. The paper also discusses the ethical and legal considerations of mandatory vaccination.

RESULTS:
The available evidence suggests that COVID-19 vaccines are safe and effective. The vaccines have been rigorously tested and have been shown to be safe for most people. The vaccines are also highly effective at preventing severe illness, hospitalization, and death from COVID-19. Mandatory vaccination is a controversial issue, but it may be an appropriate tool for protecting public health during a pandemic. Mandatory vaccination can help to ensure that everyone is vaccinated, which can help to stop the spread of disease and protect the most vulnerable members of society.

CONCLUSION:
The evidence suggests that mandatory COVID-19 vaccination is safe, appropriate, and effective. Mandatory vaccination may be an important tool for protecting public health during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Perceptions of the undergraduate medical students about roleplay, a teaching/learning and training tool: A descriptive cross-sectional study
Authors: Piryani Rano Mal , Piryani Suneel , Zeba Nudrat 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
Roleplay is not commonly used as a tool for teaching/learning and training in the majority of medical schools in Pakistan. Bilawal Medical College, the newly established constituent college of Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan, organized roleplay sessions for second-year undergraduate medical students and took feedback from them. The objective of this study was to assess the perceptions of students about roleplay as a teaching-learning/learning and training tool.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on June 2022 with a purposive sampling technique. The questionnaire comprised 10 closed-ended questions on a Likert scale of 1–5 (5=strongly agree, 4=agree, 3=to-some-extent agree, 2=disagree, and 1=strongly disagree) besides age and comments as open-ended questions. The validity was checked with pilot testing. The data were entered in Microsoft Excel and analysis was done in SPSS version 23. The frequency with the percentage of each item and median with interquartile range were calculated. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach α.

RESULTS:
The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach’s α, which was 0.75 falls within the acceptable level. The mean age of students was 20.057 ± 1.027 years. The perceptions of students are notable; the median value on nine statements (items) is 4 and one is 5, whereas the interquartile range of eight statements is 4–5 and 2 statements 3–5.

CONCLUSION:
The perceptions of medical students were positive regarding the role of roleplay in teaching/learning and training learners. A remarkable percentage of students strongly agreed to agree on all 10 items related to the cognitive, skills, and attitude domain of learning.
Randomized controlled clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of Pama-Dadru-Vicharchikahar Lepa topically in the management of Vicharchika (eczema)
Authors: Mungale Amol V. , Jaiswal Suryaprakash K. , Tikhat Kirti B. 
Published: August 2023

Background:
The worldwide prevalence of eczema ranges from 15% to 20%. The exact cause of eczema is unknown. The modern dermatology employs systemic and local administration of steroid for the management of eczema. Despite an initial response, maintenance therapies with the small dose of systemic and topical glucocorticoid usually produce hazardous ill effect. This study evaluates and compares the effect of both the systems of medicine to get safe and cost-effective treatment.

Aim:
The purpose of this study was to compare the therapeutic efficacy of Pama-Dadru-Vicharchikahar Lepa (PDVL) to mometasone furoate 0.1% in the treatment of Vicharchika.

Materials and Methods:
Patients who arrived to the OPD and IPD of the Department of Kayachikita, DMM Ayurved College, Yavatmal, possess Vicharchika's classical signs and symptoms. In this study, 60 patients enrolled in two groups: 30 patients of group A treated with the local application of PDVL and similarly 30 patients of group B treated with the local application of mometasone furoate 0.1% ointment for 45 days with follow-up of 45 days. The data were compared: Wilcoxon signed rank test was used within each group, whereas the Mann–Whitney test was used between groups.

Result:
After 90 days of treatment with follow-up, it was found that in the trial group, PDVL, average % relief was 83.86%. In the control group, mometasone furoate 0.1%, average % relief was 79.69%. PDVL was found effective on % relief, safe, easy to administer, and cost-effective.

Conclusion:
The local application of PDVL is effective than mometasone furoate 0.1% in the management of Vicharchika to reduce Shyava Varna, whereas the local application of PDVL is not effective than mometasone furoate 0.1% topically in the management of Vicharchika to reduce Kandu, Pidika, Rukshata, Strava, Rajyo, Lohit Varna, Ruja, and Eczema Area And Severity Index score.

CTRI Number:
CTRI/2020/06/025982
Potential of Guduchi-Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers. (.) in the management of lifestyle disorders
Authors: Joglekar Aishwarya A. , Vyas Mahesh K. , Bhojani Meera K. 
Published: August 2023

Introduction:
Lifestyle disorders such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorders (COPD), stroke, and cancer pose a great risk to mankind aggravating cardiovascular manifestations leading to increased morbidity and mortality in population. The major causes of such disorders include faulty lifestyle comprising of a variety of factors including smoking, alcohol consumption, use of tobacco and other narcotic substances, sedentary lifestyle, and stress. Ayurveda promotes the use of potent herbs or herbal combination for the mitigation of various disorders. Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia Willd. Miers. (.)) is one such herb widely used in Ayurveda in the preventive and treatment process of almost all the diseases. It is therefore also indicated for the purpose of prevention, management of lifestyle disorders, and the complications of the same.

Materials and Methods:
This review tries to focus on the applications of this multidimensional herb in the management of lifestyle disorders such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, cardiovascular disorders, COPD, and cancer. The relevant research by the contemporary sciences on the subject along with classical Ayurveda text-based REFERENCES and indications of Guduchi in related conditions according to Ayurveda is discussed in the article.

Discussion:
The literary review suggests that many research works have been conducted in this arena to prove the efficacy of this wonder herb, and its constituents are also mentioned to underline the evidences. The REFERENCES from the Ayurveda texts also underline the multidimensional activity of Guduchi on different body Strotasa.

Conclusion:
The ancient treasure of knowledge coupled with the scientific validation supports the multidimensional activity of Guduchi.
Therapeutic indications of formulations of Kapardika Bhasma (Cowrie calx) described in bharat bhaishajya ratnakar
Authors: Dukare Pranjali , Rathi Bharat Jagdishaji , Wanjari Anita , Khan Mujahid 
Published: August 2023

Introduction:

Kapardika (Cypraeamoneta) is one of the animal origin drug mentioned in Rasashastra. According to different texts Kapardika (Cypraeamoneta) is classified under two categories they are Sudha Varga (Calcium component drugs) and Sadharana Rasa Varga (Herbal origin drug) Its medicinal usage is known since Vedic era and was used to treat various ailments effectively.

Aim and Objective:
Aim of the present study is to collect the formulations containing Kapardika Bhasma (Cypraeamoneta Powder) described in the text Bharat Bhaishajya Ratnakar and find out its therapeutic efficacy.

Materials and Methods:
All the formulations containing Kapardika bhasma (Cypraeamoneta Powder) are reviewed from all the five volumes of Bharat Bheshaja Ratnakar and again categorized according to its dosage forms.

Observation and Results:
Total 42 formulations containing Kapardika Bhasma (Cypraeamoneta Powder) have been reviewed which are indicated in Agnimandya (Loss of appetite), Parinamshula (Duodenal ulcer), Grahani (Malabsorption syndrome), Rajaykshma (Tuberculosis), Karnasrava (Ottorhoea), Netraroga (Diseases of the eye), and Sukraksaya (Oligospermia). These formulations are advised to be taken in different dosage forms such as Anjana (Collyrium) Vati (Tablets), Pottali (Bundle) etc.

Conclusion:
The present work will be valuable in recognition of newer formulations of Kapardika Bhasma (Cypraeamoneta Powder) and their therapeutic applications in various ailments.
Pharmacognostical and physicochemical profile of Abhayadi Gutika
Authors: Patil Sunny C. , Baghel Arjun S. , Kamble Shubhangi B. , Rudrappa Harisha C. , Shukla Vinay J. , Mehta Mehul D. 
Published: August 2023

Introduction:
Quality standardization and maintenance of these standards is the need of the hour in this era which is showing growing demand for traditional medicines. Although Abhayadi Gutika (AG) is an important formulation in Ayurvedic pharmacopeia, it lacks scientific documentation.

Aims:
The aim was to study organoleptic, microscopic, physicochemical, phytochemical, nutraceutical, and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) profile of AG.

Materials and Methods:
AG was prepared and subjected to pharmacognostical analysis in which organoleptic and microscopic characteristics were identified. This was followed by analytical study comprising physicochemical, phytochemical, neutraceutical parameters, acid-neutralizing capacity, and HPTLC profile.

Results:
Pharmacognostical microscopic evaluation revealed the presence of starch grains, acicular crystals, group of fibers, sclereids, stone cells, and epicarp cells. Quantitative physicochemical analysis revealed loss on drying value as 6.37% w/w, ash value as 2.16% w/w, water-soluble extractive value as 44.37% w/w, alcohol-soluble extractive value as 37.91% w/w, and pH value as 6.5. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, and tannins in the finished product. In nutraceutical evaluation, functionalities such as total proteins (4.82%), total fats (0.5%), total carbohydrates (70.48%), total sugars (48%), and crude fibers (2.5%) were observed. Acid-neutralizing capacity for AG was found to be 1.3 meq/gm. HPTLC fingerprinting exhibited five peaks (Rf values: 0.18, 0.28, 0.72, 0.81, 0.84) at 254 nm, seven peaks (Rf values: 0.09, 0.22, 0.25, 0.28, 0.53, 0.58, 0.64) at 366 nm and two peaks (Rf values: 0.64, 0.72) at 540 nm on densitogram.

Conclusion:
Preliminary profiling of AG exhibited striking pharmacognostical as well as analytical characteristics. In nutraceutical analysis, functionalities like proteins, fats, carbohydrates, sugars and crude fibers were observed. Acid-neutralizing capacity which is a measure of efficacy of medicines prescribed for hyperacidity (antacids) was found to be 1.3 meq/gm for AG which supports its therapeutic efficacy in the disease conditions like Vidagdhajirna.