bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The localization of Toll and Imd pathway and complement system components and their response to Vibrio infection in the nemertean Lineus ruber
Authors: Orús-Alcalde Andrea , Børve Aina , Hejnol Andreas 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Innate immunity is the first line of defense against pathogens. In animals, the Toll pathway, the Imd pathway, the complement system, and lectins are well-known mechanisms involved in innate immunity. Although these pathways and systems are well understood in vertebrates and arthropods, they are understudied in other invertebrates.

Results
To shed light on immunity in the nemertean Lineus ruber, we performed a transcriptomic survey and identified the main components of the Toll pathway (e.g., myD88, dorsal/dif/NFκB-p65), the Imd pathway (e.g., imd, relish/NFκB-p105/100), the complement system (e.g., C3, cfb), and some lectins (FreD-Cs and C-lectins). In situ hybridization showed that TLRβ1, TLRβ2, and imd are expressed in the nervous system; the complement gene C3-1 is expressed in the gut; and the lectins are expressed in the nervous system, the blood, and the gut. To reveal their potential role in defense mechanisms, we performed immune challenge experiments, in which Lineus ruber specimens were exposed to the gram-negative bacteria Vibrio diazotrophicus. Our results show the upregulation of specific components of the Toll pathway (TLRα3, TLRβ1, and TLRβ2), the complement system (C3-1), and lectins (c-lectin2 and fred-c5).

Conclusions
Therefore, similarly to what occurs in other invertebrates, our study shows that components of the Toll pathway, the complement system, and lectins are involved in the immune response in the nemertean Lineus ruber. The presence of these pathways and systems in Lineus ruber, but also in other spiralians; in ecdysozoans; and in deuterostomes suggests that these pathways and systems were involved in the immune response in the stem species of Bilateria.
Purification, Characterization and anticancer activity of L-methionine γ-lyase from thermo-tolerant Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Hendy Mahmoud H. , Hashem Amr H. , Suleiman Waleed B. , Sultan Mahmoud H. , Abdelraof Mohamed 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurification of L-methionine γ-lyase (MGL) from A. fumigatus was sequentially conducted using heat treatment and gel filtration, resulting in 3.04 of purification fold and 73.9% of enzymatic recovery. The molecular mass of the purified MGL was approximately apparent at 46 KDa based on SDS-PAGE analysis. The enzymatic biochemical properties showed a maximum activity at pH 7 and exhibited plausible stability within pH range 5.0–7.5; meanwhile the highest catalytic activity of MGL was observed at 30–40 °C and the enzymatic stability was noted up to 40 °C. The enzyme molecule was significantly inhibited in the presence of Cu2+, Cd2+, Li2+, Mn2+, Hg2+, sodium azide, iodoacetate, and mercaptoethanol. Moreover, MGL displayed a maximum activity toward the following substrates, L-methionine < DL-methionine < Ethionine < Cysteine. Kinetic studies of MGL for L-methioninase showed catalytic activity at 20.608 mM and 12.34568 µM.min−1. Furthermore, MGL exhibited anticancer activity against cancerous cell lines, where IC50 were 243 ± 4.87 µg/ml (0.486 U/ml), and 726 ± 29.31 µg/ml (1.452 U/ml) against Hep-G2, and HCT116 respectively. In conclusion, A. fumigatus MGL had good catalytic properties along with significantly anticancer activity at low concentration which makes it a probably candidate to apply in the enzymotherapy field.
Analysis of influencing factors of perioperative myasthenic crisis in 387 myasthenia gravis patients without thymoma in a single center
Authors: Jiao Peng , Wu Fanjuan , Liu Yuxing , Wu Jiangyu , Sun Yaoguang , Tian Wenxin , Yu Hanbo , Huang Chuan , Li Donghang , Wu Qingjun , Ma Chao , Tong Hongfeng 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objective
To study the influencing factors of myasthenic crisis in non-thymoma myasthenia gravis (MG) patients during perioperative period.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed a total of 387 non-thymoma MG patients who underwent extended thymoma resection in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Beijing Hospital from February 2011 to December 2021, recorded ASA score, Osserman classification, preoperative course, pyridostigmine dosage, operation method, operation time, and intraoperative blood loss, then analyzed the factors associated with postoperative myasthenic crisis by univariate and multivariate logistic regression.

Results
Osserman classification IIB + III + IV (P < 0.001), history of myasthenic crisis (P = 0.013), pyridostigmine dosage greater than 240 (P < 0.001), ASA score 2 and 3 (P = 0.001) are independent risk factors for myasthenic crisis.

Conclusion
Patients with poor Osserman classification, history of myasthenic crisis before surgery, larger preoperative dosage of pyridostigmine, and higher ASA scores should be highly alert to the occurrence of postoperative myasthenic crisis.
Management of pneumothorax with 8.3-French Pigtail Catheter: description of the ultrasound-guided technique and case series
Authors: Ramírez-Giraldo Camilo , Rey-Chaves Carlos Eduardo , Rodriguez Lima David Rene 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSpontaneous and traumatic pneumothorax are most often treated with chest tube (CT) thoracostomy. However, it appears that small-bore drainage systems have similar success rates with lower complications, pain, and discomfort for the patient. We present the description of the ultrasound-guided technique for pneumothorax drainage with an 8.3-French pigtail catheter (PC) in a case series of 10 patients.
Therapeutic and adverse effects of adrenaline on patients who suffer out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhong Hong , Yin Zhaohui , Kou Bojin , Shen Pei , He Guoli , Huang Tingting , Liang Jing , Huang Shan , Huang Jiaming , Zhou Manhong , Deng Renli 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objective
The efficacy and safety of epinephrine in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains controversial. The meta-analysis was used to comprehensively appraise the influence of epinephrine in OHCA patients.

Methods
We searched all randomized controlled and cohort studies published by PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library from the inception to August 2022 on the prognostic impact of epinephrine on patients with OHCA. Survival to discharge was the primary outcome, while the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and favorable neurological outcome were secondary outcomes.

Results
The meta-analysis included 18 studies involving 863,952 patients. OHCA patients with adrenaline had an observably improved chance of ROSC (RR 2.81; 95% CI 2.21–3.57; P = 0.001) in randomized controlled studies, but the difference in survival to discharge (RR 1.27; 95% CI 0.58–2.78; P = 0.55) and favorable neurological outcomes (RR 1.21; 95% CI 0.90–1.62; P = 0.21) between the two groups was not statistically significant. In cohort studies, the rate of ROSC (RR 1.62; 95% CI 1.14–2.30; P = 0.007) increased significantly with the adrenaline group, while survival to discharge (RR 0.73; 95% CI 0.55–0.98; P = 0.03) and favorable cerebral function (RR 0.42; 95% CI 0.30–0.58; P = 0.001) were lower than the non-adrenaline group.

Conclusion
We found that both the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies showed that adrenaline increased ROSC in OHCA patients. However, they were unable to agree on a long-term prognosis. The cohort studies showed that adrenaline had an adverse effect on the long-term prognosis of OHCA patients (discharge survival rate and good neurological prognosis), but adrenaline had no adverse effect in the RCTs. In addition to the differences in research methods, there are also some potential confounding factors in the included studies. Therefore, more high-quality studies are needed to fully confirm the effect of adrenaline on the long-term results of OHCA.
CTP synthase 2 predicts inferior survival and mediates DNA damage response via interacting with BRCA1 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Hu Xinting , Han Yang , Liu Jiarui , Wang Hua , Tian Zheng , Zhang Xin , Zhang Ya , Wang Xin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Cytidine triphosphate synthase 2 (CTPS2) is an essential metabolic enzyme that catalyzes the biosynthesis of CTP. CTP synthases contribute to lymphocytes proliferation and tumorigenesis, but the role of CTPS2 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) remains undefined.

Methods
In silico analysis was performed to quantified the expression and clinical analysis of CTPS2 and BRCA1. The expression was then validated on the internal sets. Loss-and gain-of-function assays were conducted to investigate the physiological phenotypes in CLL. RNA-seq was employed to probe the molecular mechanism of CTPS2.

Results
Herein, significant elevated expression of CTPS2 was observed in CLL patients compared to normal CD19 + B cells, which was verified in three independent cohorts. Furthermore, overexpression of CTPS2 was closely associated with undesired prognostic indicators, including unmutated IGHV status and chromosome 11q23 deletion. Additionally, elevated CTPS2 expression predicted adverse overall survival and treatment-free survival with independent prognostic significance. Downregulation of CTPS2 in CLL cells exhibited attenuated cell proliferation, arrested G2/M cell cycle and increased apoptosis. The addition of CTP or glutamine could reverse the above effects. Since RNA-seq showed the enrichment in DNA damage and response signaling, we subsequently found that silence of CTPS2 remarkably elevated DNA damage and decreased DNA repair. It was demonstrated that CTPS2 mediated DNA damage response via interacting with Breast Cancer 1 (BRCA1) protein in CLL through CoIP assays and rescued experiments.

Conclusions
Collectively, our study generated the novel findings that CTPS2 promoted CLL progression via DNA damage response and repair pathway. Targeting nucleotide metabolism potentially became an attractive strategy for treatment against CLL.
PRC2 disruption in cerebellar progenitors produces cerebellar hypoplasia and aberrant myoid differentiation without blocking medulloblastoma growth
Authors: Cleveland Abigail H. , Malawsky Daniel , Churiwal Mehal , Rodriguez Claudia , Reed Frances , Schniederjan Matthew , Velazquez Vega Jose E. , Davis Ian , Gershon Timothy R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe show that Polycomb Repressive Complex-2 (PRC2) components EED and EZH2 maintain neural identity in cerebellar granule neuron progenitors (CGNPs) and SHH-driven medulloblastoma, a cancer of CGNPs. Proliferating CGNPs and medulloblastoma cells inherit neural fate commitment through epigenetic mechanisms. The PRC2 is an epigenetic regulator that has been proposed as a therapeutic target in medulloblastoma. To define PRC2 function in cerebellar development and medulloblastoma, we conditionally deleted PRC2 components Eed or Ezh2 in CGNPs and analyzed medulloblastomas induced in Eed-deleted and Ezh2-deleted CGNPs by expressing SmoM2, an oncogenic allele of Smo. Eed deletion destabilized the PRC2, depleting EED and EZH2 proteins, while Ezh2 deletion did not deplete EED. Eed-deleted cerebella were hypoplastic, with reduced proliferation, increased apoptosis, and inappropriate muscle-like differentiation. Ezh2-deleted cerebella showed similar, milder phenotypes, with fewer muscle-like cells and without reduced growth. Eed-deleted and Ezh2-deleted medulloblastomas both demonstrated myoid differentiation and progressed more rapidly than PRC2-intact controls. The PRC2 thus maintains neural commitment in CGNPs and medulloblastoma, but is not required for SHH medulloblastoma progression. Our data define a role for the PRC2 in preventing inappropriate, non-neural fates during postnatal neurogenesis, and caution that targeting the PRC2 in SHH medulloblastoma may not produce durable therapeutic effects.
Preoperative ultrasonographic evaluation of the airway vis-à-vis the bedside airway assessment to predict potentially difficult airway on direct laryngoscopy in adult patients—a prospective, observational study
Authors: Chhabra Anita Rajeev , Thannappan Sindhuja , Iyer Hemalata R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Unanticipated difficult airway remains a challenge for the anesthesiologist with no established standard criteria to predict difficulty in intubation. Our aim was to correlate the pre-anesthetic ultrasonographic (USG) airway assessment parameters with Cormack-Lehane (CL) grade at direct laryngoscopy view under general anaesthesia.
This was a prospective, observational study on 150 adult patients between 18 and 70 years with the American Society of Anesthesiologist—Physical Status 1–2 requiring general endotracheal anesthesia for elective surgery.

Results
The incidence of difficult laryngoscopy was 22.7%. The sonographic distance from anterior neck surface to epiglottis (ANS-E) > 1.67 cm was observed to be a statistically significant USG predictor of difficult laryngoscopic view with sensitivity of 64.71% and specificity of 78.45% (p = 0.000). The sonographic distance from anterior neck surface to hyoid bone (ANS-H) or to anterior commissure (ANS-AC) did not corelate with difficult laryngoscopy. The ultrasound (US) parameters had higher negative than positive predictive value.

Conclusions
We found ANS-E distance to be the most significant predictor of difficult laryngoscopy in our study. USG is a useful tool to identify the “at-risk” patients for difficult airway.
The “SALPARE study” of spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage—part 2-early CT predictors of outcome in ICH: keeping it simple
Authors: Manara Renzo , De Rosa Ludovica , Vodret Francesca , Kulyk Caterina , Pennella Renato , Contrino Eleonora , Cester Giacomo , Causin Francesco , Pieroni Alessio , Viaro Federica , Zedde Maria Luisa , Pascarella Rosario , Napoletano Rosa , Baracchini Claudio 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic role of hematoma characteristics and hematoma expansion (HE) in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).

Methods
This multicenter prospective cohort study enrolled consecutive adult patients with non-traumatic ICH admitted to three Italian academic hospitals (Salerno, Padova, Reggio Emilia) over a 2-year period. Early noncontrast CT (NCCT) features of the hematoma, including markers of HE, and 3-month outcome were recorded. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of poor outcome.

Results
A total of 682 patients were included in the study [mean age: 73 ± 14 years; 316 (46.3%) females]. Pontine and massive hemorrhage, intraventricular bleeding, baseline hematoma volume > 15 mL, blend sign, swirl sign, margin irregularity ≥ 4, density heterogeneity ≥ 3, hypodensity ≥ 1, island sign, satellite sign, and black hole sign were associated with a higher risk of mortality and disability. However, at multivariate analysis only initial hematoma volume (OR 29.71) proved to be an independent predictor of poor functional outcome at 3 months.

Conclusion
Simple hematoma volume measured on baseline CT best identifies patients with a worse outcome, while early NCCT markers of HE do not seem to add any clinically significant information.
Safety and efficacy of mavacamten for treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Rabiee Rad Mehrdad , Ghasempour Dabaghi Ghazal , Habibi Danial 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Mavacamten, an allosteric myosin inhibitor, is considered to be a promising drug for the treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). This meta-analysis aimed to explore the safety and efficacy of mavacamten in HCM patients.

Main body
A total number of 539 patients were enrolled in four randomized clinical trials. The mean age of patients was 57.9 years and was followed for 29.3 weeks. Pooled analysis showed a significant improvement in clinical response (Log OR = 0.65; p = 0.01) and the number of patients with a reduction of ≥ 1 NYHA function class (Log OR = 0.64, p = 0.00). It was found that mavacamten did not significantly affect the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) (SMD = 0.43, p = 0.08), peak oxygen uptake (PVO2) (SMD = 0.24, p = 0.42), and ejection fraction (EF) (SMD = − 0.65, p = 0.13) as compared with placebo. However, KCCQ (SMD = 0.65, 95% CI 0.44–0.87) and PVO2 (SMD = 0.49, 95% CI 0.24–0.74) improvements were statically significant in the hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy subgroup (HOCM), and a significant decrease in EF (SMD = -− 1.14, 95% CI − 1.86 to − 0.42) was found in the HOCM subgroup. No significant difference was observed in the incidence rate of serious adverse events between mavacamten and placebo group (Log OR = − 0.23, p = 0.56).

Conclusions
Mavacamten proved to be effective and well-tolerated for the treatment of HCM. Mavacamten improved the signs and symptoms of HOCM and decreased EF in these patients without serious adverse events in the clinical trials.
Combined endoscopic large balloon dilation with limited sphincterotomy versus sole sphincterotomy for removal of large or multiple common bile duct stones
Authors: Mohammed Hossam Ibrahim , Nada Ali Saad Eldin , Seddik Randa Mohamed , ElGazara Ahmed Ragab 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation (EPLBD) after sphincterotomy (EST) was introduced for the removal of large (≥ 10 mm) or multiple bile duct stones. This method combines the advantages of EST and EPLBD by increasing the efficacy of stone extraction while minimizing complications of EST and EPLBD when used alone. This prospective study aimed to compare between EPLBD with prior limited EST and sole sphnicterotomy for extraction of multiple and/or large common bile duct stones.

Results
Statistical analysis revealed insignificant difference between the studied groups as regards the presence of periamullary diverticulum (23% vs. 19%, P > 0.05) and the use of mechanical lithotripsy (4% vs. 9%, P > 0.05). The rates of overall and initial stone clearance were not significantly different between both groups [94% vs. 90%), P > 0.05; and 84% vs. 78%, P > 0.05, respectively]. The procedure-related pancreatitis and bleeding in EST/EPLBD group were lower compared to EST group (3% vs. 5%, P > 0.05; and 2% vs. 6%, P > 0.05, respectively). None of the studied groups’ patients died or developed procedure-related perforation or cholangitis.

Conclusion
Endoscopic large balloon dilation with prior limited sphincterotomy is an effective and safe endoscopic technique for removing multiple and/or large CBDSs.
Smokers’ behaviour and the toxicity of cigarette filters to aquatic life: a multidisciplinary study
Authors: Nitschke Therese , Bour Agathe , Bergquist Magnus , Blanchard Marion , Molinari Francesca , Almroth Bethanie Carney 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCigarettes are the most littered item in public spaces. Smokers who litter are leaving a trace of toxic waste that adds to the global plastic pollution due to harmful chemicals and semisynthetic microfibres that compose cigarette filters. Here we present a multidisciplinary study aiming to assess i) predictors of cigarette littering, and ii) the toxicity of semisynthetic filters to the freshwater invertebrateChironomus riparius, including iii) the potential driver of toxicity. Unobtrusive observations of 597 smokers at public places were analysed using logistic regression, which showed thatage(negatively) andgroup setting(positively) are personal predictors, and thenumber of present ashtrays(negatively) is a contextual predictor of cigarette littering. In addition, we assessed acute and chronic aquatic toxicity of cigarette filters in standardized ecotoxicity tests on several lethal and sublethal effects, using both smoked and unsmoked filters. Following 48-h exposure, concentrations of 2 filters/L from smoked and unsmoked filters caused 36–100% and 75–100% larvae immobility, respectively. We further demonstrated that cigarette filter fibres seem to add to the toxicity of filter leachates. Seven-day exposures that used either contaminated water or sediment (3 weeks leaching time, eq. 1 filter/L water and 1 filter/166.5 ml sediment) showed exposures via sediment caused more frequent and severe effects on the larvae than exposures via water. Larvae exposed to contaminated sediment (smoked and unsmoked filters) exhibited > 20% higher mortality, > 1.5-fold decrease in growth, and > 80% decreased development, compared to larvae in control conditions. Moreover, we found that cigarette filters have the potential to be teratogenic to freshwater invertebrates. Our results could be used to support litter prevention efforts, advisably via integrated educational campaigns. The campaigns could account for the societal and environmental complexity of cigarette littering by being tailored to the determined littering predictors and using ecotoxicity results as content.
Prevalence and associated factors of common mental disorders in primary care settings in Sofala Province, Mozambique
Authors: Muanido Alberto , Cumbe Vasco , Manaca Nelia , Hicks Lee , Fabian Katrin E. , Wagenaar Bradley H. 
Published: January 2023

Background
In Mozambique, the prevalence of common mental illness in primary care is not well established.

Aims
This study aimed to assess the prevalence of, and associated factors for, common mental illness in patients accessing primary care services in three Ministry of Health clinics in Mozambique.

Method
Adult patients were recruited from the waiting rooms of prenatal, postpartum and general out-patient consultations. A mental health professional administered a diagnostic interview to examine prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD), generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and any substance misuse or dependence. Generalised linear mixed models were used to examine the odds of each disorder and sociodemographic associations.

Results
Of 502 patients interviewed, 74.1% were female (n = 372) and the average age was 27.8 years (s.d. = 7.4). Of all participants, 23.9% (n = 120) met diagnostic criteria for at least one common mental disorder; 8.6% were positive for MDD (n = 43), 13.3% were positive for GAD (n = 67), 4.8% were positive for PTSD (n = 24) and 4.0% were positive for any substance misuse or dependence (n = 20). Patients attending prenatal or postpartum consultations had significantly lower odds of any common mental disorder than patients attending out-patient primary care. Age was negatively associated with MDD, but positively associated with substance misuse or dependence.

Conclusions
Over 20% of patients attending primary care in Mozambique may have common mental disorders. A specific focus on patients attending general out-patient visits, young people for depression, and older people and men for substance misuse/dependence would provide a targeted response to high-risk demographics.
Reflective acoustic jet from a mesoscale concave mirror
Authors: Zhou Song , Wang Yalin , Chen Zhong , Gao Rong , Yang Quanquan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
An acoustic jet (AJ) is similar to a photonic nanojet (PNJ) in achieving high-intensity and sub-wavelength scale focus. Herein, we numerically investigate a reflective acoustic jet (r-AJ) generated by a mesoscale concave mirror using the finite element method. A sub-λ/2 rotational symmetric r-AJ can be produced by an air-filled polylactic acid (PLA) spherical concave mirror immersed in water under a plane acoustic wave. And the properties of r-AJ affected by the concave angle of the mirror are also presented. By combining a PLA spherical structure with the concave mirror, a sub-λ/3 near-field r-AJ can be achieved. We also present the streamlines of the time-averaged acoustic intensity vectors near the r-AJ and the influence of the structural loss of the designed PLA mirror on the r-AJs. The influences of the incident frequency change and PLA properties change on the r-AJs generation and the slight angle between the incoming field and the mirror are presented. Finally, we numerically discuss the potential application of our designed mirror in direct sound printing.