bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging of white matter microstructure in sensory processing dysfunction with versus without comorbid ADHD
Authors: Mark Ian T. , Wren-Jarvis Jamie , Xiao Jaclyn , Cai Lanya T. , Parekh Shalin , Bourla Ioanna , Lazerwitz Maia C. , Rowe Mikaela A. , Marco Elysa J. , Mukherjee Pratik 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionSensory Processing Dysfunction (SPD) is common yet understudied, affecting up to one in six children with 40% experiencing co-occurring challenges with attention. The neural architecture of SPD with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (SPD+ADHD) versus SPD without ADHD (SPD-ADHD) has yet to be explored in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI) has yet to be examined.MethodsThe present study computed DTI and NODDI biophysical model parameter maps of one hundred children with SPD. Global, regional and voxel-level white matter tract measures were analyzed and compared between SPD+ADHD and SPD-ADHD groups.ResultsSPD+ADHD children had global WM Fractional Anisotropy (FA) and Neurite Density Index (NDI) that trended lower than SPD-ADHD children, primarily in boys only. Data-driven voxelwise and WM tract-based analysis revealed statistically significant decreases of NDI in boys with SPD+ADHD compared to those with SPD-ADHD, primarily in projection tracts of the internal capsule and commissural fibers of the splenium of the corpus callosum.ConclusionWe conclude that WM microstructure is more delayed/disrupted in boys with SPD+ADHD compared to SPD-ADHD, with NODDI showing a larger effect than DTI. This may represent the combined WM pathology of SPD and ADHD, or it may result from a greater degree of SPD WM pathology causing the development of ADHD.
Pre-clinical toxicity assessment of Artemisia absinthium extract-loaded polymeric nanoparticles associated with their oral administration
Authors: Kauser Sana , Mughees Mohd , Swami Sanskriti , Wajid Saima 
Published: July 2023

Background: This study was designed to quantify the composition of the ethanolic extract of Artemisia absinthium through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis and ensure in vivo safety of A. absinthium extract-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (ANPs) before considering their application as a drug carrier via the oral route.Methods: We synthesized N-isopropylacrylamide, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, and acrylic acid crosslinked polymeric NPs by free-radical polymerization reaction and characterized them by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering spectroscopy. Different concentrations of extract (50 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 2,000 mg/kg body weight) were encapsulated into the hydrophobic core of polymeric micelles for the assessment of acute oral toxicity and their LD50 cut-off value as per the test procedure of OECD guideline 423. Orally administered female Wistar rats were observed for general appearance, behavioral changes, and mortality for the first 30 min, 4 h, 24 h, and then, daily once for 14 days.Result: ANPs at the dose of 300 mg/kg body weight were used as an initial dose, and rats showed few short-lived signs of toxicity, with few histological alterations in the kidney and intestine. Based on these observations, the next set of rats were treated at a lower dose of 50 mg/kg and a higher dose of 2,000 mg/kg ANPs. Rats administered with 50 mg/kg ANPs remained normal throughout the study with insignificant histological disintegration; however, rats treated at 2,000 mg/kg ANPs showed some signs of toxicity followed by mortality among all three rats within 24–36 h, affecting the intestine, liver, and kidney. There were no significant differences in hematological and biochemical parameters among rats treated at 50 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg ANPs.Conclusion: We conclude that the LD50 cut-off value of these ANPs will be 500 mg/kg extract loaded in polymeric NPs.
Race and sex differences in dropout from the STRRIDE trials
Authors: Collins Katherine A. , Huffman Kim M. , Wolever Ruth Q. , Smith Patrick J. , Siegler Ilene C. , Ross Leanna M. , Jakicic John M. , Costa Paul T. , Kraus William E. 
Published: July 2023

PurposeTo determine if race and sex differences exist in determinants and timing of dropout among individuals enrolled in an exercise and/or caloric restriction intervention.MethodsA total of 947 adults with dyslipidemia (STRRIDE I, STRRIDE AT/RT) or prediabetes (STRRIDE-PD) were randomized to either inactive control or to 1 of 10 exercise interventions, ranging from doses of 8–23 kcal/kg/week, intensities of 50%–75% V˙O2 peak, and durations of 6–8 months. Two groups included resistance training, and one included a dietary intervention (7% weight loss goal). Dropout was defined as an individual withdrawn from the study, with the reasons for dropout aggregated into determinant categories. Timing of dropout was defined as the last session attended and aggregated into phases (i.e., “ramp” period to allow gradual adaptation to exercise prescription). Utilizing descriptive statistics, percentages were generated according to categories of determinants and timing of dropout to describe the proportion of individuals who fell within each category.ResultsBlack men and women were more likely to be lost to follow-up (Black men: 31.3% and Black women: 19.6%), or dropout due to work responsibilities (15.6% and 12.5%), “change of mind” (12.5% and 8.9%), transportation issues (6.3% and 3.6%), or reported lack of motivation (6.3% and 3.6%). Women in general noted lack of time more often than men as a reason for dropout (White women: 22.4% and Black women: 22.1%). Regardless of race and sex, most participants dropped out during the ramp period of the exercise intervention; with Black women (50%) and White men (37.1%) having the highest dropout rate during this period.ConclusionThese findings emphasize the importance of targeted retention strategies when aiming to address race and sex differences that exist in determinants and timing of dropout among individuals enrolled in an exercise and/or caloric restriction intervention.
Cuticular Wax Triterpenes Maintain Storage Quality of Blueberries by Reducing Water Loss
Authors: Kong Qi , Liu Ruiling , Wu Weijie , Fang Xiangjun , Chen Hangjun , Han Yanchao , Chen Jianye 
Published: July 2023

Cuticular wax contributes to maintaining postharvest storage quality against fruit water loss and softening. Triterpenoids, such as oleanolic acid (OA) and ursolic acid (UA), are the main components in blueberry cuticular wax, but their role in water migration during the storage of blueberries remains to be determined. Here, we examined the relationship between the content of OA and UA and the storage quality of blueberry fruit (25 °C). The results revealed that the UA content during eight-day postharvest storage ranged from 58 to 77 μg cm−2, which was negatively related to weight loss. Additionally, we investigated the effect of exogenous OA and UA on water migration in the blueberry fruit during storage at room temperature; the weight loss was significantly lower (by 22%) with UA treatment than in the control fruit. Our findings indicate that OA and UA effectively affect water migration in blueberry fruit during postharvest storage, which could contribute to improving postharvest preservation techniques.
Wave Height Attenuation over a Nature-Based Breakwater of Floating Emergent Vegetation
Authors: Li Yanhong , Zhao Dongliang , Yu Guoliang , Xie Liquan 
Published: July 2023

The nature-based breakwater of floating emergent vegetation (BFEV) provides protection for water banks and various engineering structures from wave erosion. Compared with the convenient hard breakwater, the BFEV is beneficial to the resilient and sustainable development of rivers, lakes, coasts, and marine areas because it is free of new pollution. As a new breakwater, the unrevealed effect and efficiency of the BFEV on wave attenuation are to be investigated through a set of 312 physical tests in a rectangular indoor water flume in the present study. Results show that the wave height attenuates by 38–62%. Based on statistical methods, the main influencing factors of the wave transmitted coefficient (Ct) are found to be closely dependent on three conventional and newly proposed dimensionless parameters (λ1, λ2, λ3, λ4). Three conventional parameters include the wave orbital velocity, wave period, and the BFEV-width and stem spacing-based parameter (λ1, λ2), and the ratio of stem spacing to wave height (λ3). The newly proposed parameter (λ4) is the ratio of gravity to wave orbital acceleration, which is significantly positively related to the wave height attenuation. A multiple linear regression formula for Ct based on these four parameters is obtained with a high correlation coefficient of 0.958. This study is expected to supplement the wave attenuation data of this new breakwater and provide fundamental theory for the design and construction of the BFEV.
An Evolving Spacetime Metric Induced by a ‘Static’ Source
Authors: Land Martin 
Published: July 2023

In a series of recent papers we developed a formulation of general relativity in which spacetime and the dynamics of matter evolve with a Poincaré invariant parameter τ. In this paper, we apply the formalism to derive the metric induced by a ‘static’ event evolving uniformly along its t-axis at the spatial origin x=0. The metric is shown to vary with t and τ, as well as spatial distance r, taking its maximum value for a test particle at the retarded time τ=t−r/c. In the resulting picture, an event localized in space and time produces a metric field similarly localized, where both evolve in τ. We first derive this metric as a solution to the wave equation in linearized field theory, and discuss its limitations by studying the geodesic motion it produces for an evolving event. By then examining this solution in the 4+1 formalism, which poses an initial value problem for the metric under τ-evolution, we clarify these limitations and indicate how they may be overcome in a solution to the full nonlinear field equations.
Medicalising diagnoses and treatment preferences: a retrospective cohort study of throat-related consultations in electronic primary care records
Authors: Marshall Tom , Taverner Tom , Freidoony Leila 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundRather than first diagnosing and then deciding on treatment, GPs may intuitively decide on treatment and justify this through choice of diagnosis.AimTo investigate the relationship between choice of a medicalising diagnosis and antibiotic treatment for throat-related consultations.Design & settingA retrospective cohort study in a large database of UK electronic primary care records between 1 January 2010 and 1 January 2020.MethodAll first throat-related consultations were included, categorised as either pharyngitis/tonsillitis or sore throat. The outcome was any antibiotic prescription on the consultation date. GP-level random effects on prescribing and on diagnosis were estimated in a series of mixed-effects regression models, including age, sex, weekday, month, and clinician characteristics as fixed effects. GPs were grouped into quintiles by antibiotic prescribing propensity, and described the proportion of patients they diagnosed with pharyngitis/tonsillitis or sore throat in each quintile.ResultsThe analysis dataset included 393 590 throat-related consultations with 6881 staff. Diagnosis of pharyngitis/tonsillitis was strongly associated with antibiotic prescribing (adjusted odds ratio = 13.41, 95% confidence interval = 12.8 to 14.04). GP random effect accounted for 18% of variation in prescribing and for 26% of variation in diagnosis. GPs in the lowest quintile of antibiotic prescribing propensity diagnosed pharyngitis/tonsillitis on 31% of occasions, compared with 55% in the highest quintile.ConclusionThere is substantial variation among GPs in diagnosis and treatment of throat-related problems. Preference for a medicalising diagnosis is associated with a preference for antibiotics, suggesting a common propensity to both diagnose and treat.
Design and Simulation of An Octagonal Microstrip Antenna Array
Authors: Sayyad Yekta 
Published: July 2023

<p> In this work, an octagonal microstrip antenna is presented. The design formulas of it are introduced based on the circular microstrip antenna. After presenting the theory of it, a single octagonal patch antenna is designed and simulated. After that, the designed antenna is developed to a 2×2 planar array. To evaluate the performance of the single and array antennas, the designed antennas are simulated using HFSS and the obtained results are presented. </p>
Grammartical Deviations in O'Neill's Hairy Ape
Authors: Sadoon Majid 
Published: July 2023

The greatest American writer Eugene O'Neill (1888- 1953) achieved a recognizable place among the English and American dramatists through the stylistic features of his dramatic language . This study investigates O'Neill's way of handling dramatic language, in Hairy Ape ,( the use of grammar from the settled norms in play writing) . It endeavors to show how O'Neill manipulates his character's dialogue and the effects of this manipulation .The problem is related to what extent O'Neill's use of language deviates from the linguistic norm , and the levels of linguistic deviation in his style. The study aims to analyze the types of grammatical deviation in O'Neill's 'Hairy Ape'. Moreover, it attempts to justify the reasons behind these deviations (and to support some critical points of view concerning O'Neill's and style in using grammatical deviations). . Deviation as a linguistic phenomenon has an important effect on the readers (and hearers ), if a part of a poem is deviant it becomes especially , noticeable , or perceptually prominent ( Short, 1969 : 11 ) . Out of the stylistic analysis ,it has been found out that the writer uses a language deviated from the literary convention or everyday speech(norm). He uses different types of linguistic deviations to achieve his purposes .
Financial Performance of Health Service Providers Sub-Industry Companies Before and During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Fiscarina Keke Dana , Paranita Ekayana Sangkasari 
Published: July 2023

This study aims to analyze differences in financial performance before and during the Covid-19 pandemic based on liquidity, solvency, profitability, and activity ratios. The novelty of this research is a comprehensive analysis of financial performance before the Covid-19 pandemic compared to performance during the Covid-19 pandemic at the beginning of the period, namely 2020 until the second year of the pandemic, namely 2021. The research population is fourteen health service provider sub-industry companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Based on the purposive sampling method, nine companies were selected as samples. Data sources are secondary data in the form of balance sheets and income statements. Liquidity performance is measured by the Current Ratio, solvency performance is measured by the Debt to Equity Ratio, profitability performance is measured by Return on Equity, and activity performance is measured by Total Assets Turnover. The analysis technique includes the normality test with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and hypothesis testing using the paired sample t-test. The results of the study concluded that there were no significant differences in liquidity, solvency, and activity performance before and during the first and second years of the Covid-19 pandemic. As for the profitability performance, it has been proven that there is a significant difference, namely that the performance during the first and second years of the Covid-19 pandemic was relatively higher than before the Covid-19 pandemic
EDUKASI PERENCANAAN KEUANGAN DAN INVESTASI PADA GENERASI Z DI WILAYAH CAWANG JAKARTA TIMUR
Authors: Oppusunggu Lis Sintha 
Published: July 2023

Abstract: According to BPS - Statistics Indonesia in 2020 that the current population of Indonesia are dominated by Generation Z called i-Generation or the internet generation who had consumerism attitudes, impulse buying, had no understanding of the products, monetary risks and unwilling to invest. The objective of this activity is to aims to provide an understanding Z Generation of financial planning and investment, learn how to manage money in area such as investments, for both personal and business purposes, as well as understanding Legitimate Financial Institutions. This activity targeting Generation Z as a primary audience and 50 young people are selected as audience from Cawang area, East Jakarta and nearest Cawang. We do a pre-test and post-test system, this helped us to compare the condition before and after training, with hope audience can experience improved. As a result, there is a tendency for young people experienced improved about finance and investments.

Keywords: education, gen z, investments
OUTCOME OF DEVELOPMENTAL THERAPY IN CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY CHILDREN: A PROSPECTIVE COHORT
Authors: Afzal Erum , Ahmad Tanveer , Iqbal Muhammad Khalid , Aftab Kausar , Muein Rubeena 
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Cerebral palsy (CP) is the non-progressive disorder of motor and posture with associated delayed development in areas of cognition, perception, behavior and sensation, due to insult to immature brain. Improvement in all developmental domains of CP patients depends upon early institution of rehabilitation programs involving all multidisciplinary approach. The portage early education program (PEEP) is a worldwide, effective and early interventional method, for developmentally delayed children.
Objective: To determine the outcome of developmental therapy in children with CP by using PEEP.
Study Design: Experimental research design (within group)
Settings: The children hospital and the institute of child health Multan.
Methodology: 156 patients of 2 to 10 years of age, both gender from January 2020 to December 2020, diagnosed as CP were enrolled for this study. All children were assessed by using PEEP and GMFM (Gross Motor Function Measure) twice 6 months apart. A trained clinical psychologist administered PEEP to all the children. All the Patients were advised regular weekly sessions at hospital by multidisciplinary team and at least 2 hours per day for continuation of these therapies at home. At the end of 6 months we found that all families had not followed this. The patient who visited >2times/month were considered compliant and those visited <2times/month were considered non-compliant. Data was analyzed by using SSPS version 16. Paired t test was used to compare the developmental outcome of compliant and non-compliant groups.
Results: Out of 156 participants, 58(37%) were in compliant and 98(63%) non-compliant. Male subjects were prominent 42(72.41%) and 67(68.37%) respectively. Most of the participants belonged to 3-6 years of age in both groups28(48.29%) and 51(52.04%) respectively. Spastic quadriplegia (26(44.83%), 57 (58.16%)), and level 5 on GMFM 24(42.86) and 52(53.06%) respectively was commonly presents in both patient groups. The mean comparison of DQ of Compliant CP Children at initial stage and after six months in areas of GM, C, SH, S, L and GMFM was found statistically significant.
Conclusion: CP children should be on regular follow up for developmental therapy for long time for better outcome. PEEP is an excellent system for the assessment, training and rehabilitation of children with delayed development.
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Enhance T-Independent B Cell Response through a p38 MAPK–STAT1 Axis
Authors: Chen Hsin-Hsiang , Yu Ya-Ru , Hsiao Yu-Ling , Chen Shun-Hua , Lee Chien-Kuo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
TLR signaling in B cells triggers their activation and differentiation independent of help from T cells. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) cooperate with B cells to boost TLR-stimulated T-independent humoral immunity; however, the molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that in the mouse system, the adjuvant effects of pDCs also occurred following challenge with pathogens and that follicular (FO) B cells were more sensitive to pDC-induced enhancement than were marginal zone (MZ) B cells. Moreover, pDCs migrated to the FO zones and interacted with FO B cells upon stimulation in vivo. CXCL10, a ligand for CXCR3 expressed on pDCs, was superinduced in the coculture system and facilitated the cooperative activation of B cells. Moreover, pDCs also promoted TLR-stimulated autoantibody production in FO B and MZ B cells. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and gene set enrichment analysis revealed that type I IFN (IFN-I)–mediated JAK–STAT and Ras–MAPK pathways were highly enriched in R848-stimulated B cells cocultured with pDCs compared with B cells alone. Whereas IFN-I receptor 1 deficiency reduced pDC-enhanced B cell responses, STAT1 deficiency displayed a more pronounced defect. One of the STAT1-dependent but IFN-I–independent mechanisms was TLR-induced STAT1-S727 phosphorylation by p38 MAPK. Serine 727 to alanine mutation attenuated the synergism between pDCs and B cells. In conclusion, we uncover a molecular mechanism for pDC-enhanced B cell response and define a crucial role of the IFN-I/TLR–mediated signaling pathway through a p38 MAPK–STAT1 axis in controlling T-independent humoral immunity and providing a novel therapeutic target for treating autoimmune diseases.
Application of different types of motor-axle bearings of locomotive wheel-motor units in the Far North
Authors: Osipov A. V. , Kurilkin D. N. , Khamidov O. R. 
Published: July 2023

Improvements in locomotive wheel-motor unit (WMU) design over the last decade have been made in terms of the transition to rolling motor-axle bearings (MAB) instead of plain bearings, which was the basis for the proposed study. The study is aimed to provide a theoretical estimation of power losses in different types of locomotive WMU MAB and its validation depending on heating temperature and bearing specifications. The study is aimed to determine power losses in MABs using new approaches to their determination. New methods of determining the power losses in the plain and rolling MABs of locomotive WMUs are suggested. These methods allow calculating the values of power losses depending on the specifications of MAB and its heating temperature. Depending on the bearing heating temperature, recommendations are provided with regard to operating conditions of a particular type of locomotive WMU bearing. It is recommended to operate motor-axle plain bearings in the temperature range of 10 to 20 °C, and rolling bearings from 20 °C and above. The suggested methodologies for calculating power losses of locomotive WMU MABs can be used to determine the energy efficiency of a given drive type, taking into account the type of the grease, its temperature, design features and operating conditions. The obtained results can serve as recommendations for the selection of the type of MAB.