bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low tidal volume ventilation for patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery: a secondary analysis of a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Karalapillai Dharshi , Weinberg Laurence , Neto Ary Serpa , Peyton Philip J. , Ellard Louise , Hu Raymond , Pearce Brett , Tan Chong O. , Story David , O’Donnell Mark , Hamilton Patrick , Oughton Chad , Galtieri Jonathan , Wilson Anthony , Liskaser Grace , Balasubramaniam Ajay , Eastwood Glenn , Bellomo Rinaldo , Jones Daryl A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
We recently reported the results for a large randomized controlled trial of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) versus conventional tidal volume (CTVV) during major surgery when positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) was equal between groups. We found no difference in postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in patients who received LTVV. However, in the subgroup of patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery, LTVV was associated with a numerically lower rate of PPCs after surgery. We aimed to further assess the relationship between LTVV versus CTVV during laparoscopic surgery.

Methods
We conducted a post-hoc analysis of this pre-specified subgroup. All patients received volume-controlled ventilation with an applied PEEP of 5 cmH2O and either LTVV (6 mL/kg predicted body weight [PBW]) or CTVV (10 mL/kg PBW). The primary outcome was the incidence of a composite of PPCs within seven days.

Results
Three hundred twenty-eight patients (27.2%) underwent laparoscopic surgeries, with 158 (48.2%) randomised to LTVV. Fifty two of 157 patients (33.1%) assigned to LTVV and 72 of 169 (42.6%) assigned to conventional tidal volume developed PPCs within 7 days (unadjusted absolute difference, − 9.48 [95% CI, − 19.86 to 1.05]; p = 0.076). After adjusting for pre-specified confounders, the LTVV group had a lower incidence of the primary outcome than patients receiving CTVV (adjusted absolute difference, − 10.36 [95% CI, − 20.52 to − 0.20]; p = 0.046).

Conclusion
In this post-hoc analysis of a large, randomised trial of LTVV we found that during laparoscopic surgeries, LTVV was associated with a significantly reduced PPCs compared to CTVV when PEEP was applied equally between both groups.

Trial registration
Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry no: 12614000790640.
Physical activity levels in cognitively normal and cognitively impaired oldest-old and the association with dementia risk factors: a pilot study
Authors: Muurling Marijn , Badissi Maryam , de Boer Casper , Legdeur Nienke , Barkhof Frederik , van Berckel Bart N.M. , Maier Andrea B. , Pijnappels Mirjam , Visser Pieter Jelle 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundResearch assessing the relationship of physical activity and dementia is usually based on studies with individuals younger than 90 years of age. The primary aim of this study was to determine physical activity levels of cognitively normal and cognitively impaired adults older than 90 years of age (oldest-old). Our secondary aim was to assess if physical activity is associated with risk factors for dementia and brain pathology biomarkers.MethodsPhysical activity was assessed in cognitively normal (N = 49) and cognitively impaired (N = 12) oldest-old by trunk accelerometry for a 7-day period. We tested physical performance parameters and nutritional status as dementia risk factors, and brain pathology biomarkers. Linear regression models were used to examine the associations, correcting for age, sex and years of education.ResultsCognitively normal oldest-old were on average active for a total duration of 45 (SD 27) minutes per day, while cognitively impaired oldest-old seemed less physically active with 33 (SD 21) minutes per day with a lower movement intensity. Higher active duration and lower sedentary duration were related to better nutritional status and better physical performance. Higher movement intensities were related to better nutritional status, better physical performance and less white matter hyperintensities. Longer maximum walking bout duration associated with more amyloid binding.ConclusionWe found that cognitively impaired oldest-old are active at a lower movement intensity than cognitively normal oldest-old individuals. In the oldest-old, physical activity is related to physical parameters, nutritional status, and moderately to brain pathology biomarkers.
Somatic mutation landscape in a cohort of meningiomas that have undergone grade progression
Authors: Cain Sarah A , Pope Bernard , Mangiola Stefano , Mantamadiotis Theo , Drummond Katharine J 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundA subset of meningiomas progress in histopathological grade but drivers of progression are poorly understood. We aimed to identify somatic mutations and copy number alterations (CNAs) associated with grade progression in a unique matched tumour dataset.MethodsUtilising a prospective database, we identified 10 patients with meningiomas that had undergone grade progression and for whom matched pre- and post-progression tissue (n = 50 samples) was available for targeted next-generation sequencing.ResultsMutations inNF2were identified in 4/10 patients, of these 94% were non-skull base tumours. In one patient, three differentNF2mutations were identified in four tumours.NF2mutated tumours showed large-scale CNAs, with highly recurrent losses in 1p, 10, 22q, and frequent CNAs on chromosomes 2, 3 and 4. There was a correlation between grade and CNAs in two patients. Two patients with tumours without detectedNF2mutations showed a combination of loss and high gain on chromosome 17q. Mutations inSETD2,TP53,TERTpromoter andNF2were not uniform across recurrent tumours, however did not correspond with the onset of grade progression.ConclusionMeningiomas that progress in grade generally have a mutational profile already detectable in the pre-progressed tumour, suggesting an aggressive phenotype. CNA profiling shows frequent alterations inNF2mutated tumours compared to nonNF2mutated tumours. The pattern of CNAs may be associated with grade progression in a subset of cases.
Genotype-phenotype correlations of STXBP1 pathogenic variants and the treatment choices for STXBP1-related disorders in China
Authors: Kessi Miriam , Chen Baiyu , Shan Li-Dan , Wang Ying , Yang Lifen , Yin Fei , He Fang , Peng Jing , Wang Guoli 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
We aimed to analyze the genotype-phenotype correlations of STXBP1 pathogenic variants, prognostic factors and the treatment choices in a case-series of STXBP1-related disorders from China.

Methods
The clinical data and genetic results of the children diagnosed with STXBP1-related disorders at Xiangya hospital from 2011 to 2019 were collected retrospectively, and analyzed. We divided our patients into groups for comparison purposes: patients with missense variants and nonsense variants, patients who are seizure-free and not seizure-free, patients with mild to moderate intellectual disability (ID) and severe to profound global developmental delay (GDD).

Results
Nineteen patients were enrolled: 17 (89.5%) unrelated and 2 (10.5%) familial. Twelve (63.2%) were females. Developmental epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) was observed in 18 (94.7%) patients and ID alone in 1 (5.3%) individual. Thirteen patients (68.4%) had profound ID/GDD, 4 (23.53%) severe, 1 (5.9%) moderate and 1 (5.9%) mild. Three patients (15.8%) with profound ID died. A total of 19 variants were detected: pathogenic (n = 15) and likely pathogenic (n = 4). Seven were novel variants: c.664-1G>-, M486R, H245N, H498Pfs*44, L41R, L410del, and D90H. Of the 8 previous reported variants, 2 were recurrent: R406C and R292C. Anti-seizure medications were used in combinations, and 7 patients became seizure-free, and most of them achieved seizure freedom within the first 2 years of life irrespective of the type of the mutation. Effective medications for the seizure-free individuals included adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) and/or levetiracetam and/or phenobarbital and/or sodium valproate and/or topiramate and/or vigabatrin and/or nitrazepam. There was no correlation between the types of pathogenic variants and the phenotypes.

Conclusion
Our case-series showed that there is no genotype-phenotype correlation in patients with STXBP1-related disorders. This study adds 7 novel variants which expand the spectrum of STXBP1-related disorders. Combinations of levetiracetam and/or sodium valproate and/or ACTH and/or phenobarbital and/or vigabatrin and/or topiramate and/or nitrazepam were more often associated with seizure freedom in our cohort within 2 years of life.
Maternal dietary components in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review of observational studies to timely promotion of health
Authors: Lambert Victoria , Muñoz Sonia Edith , Gil Carla , Román María Dolores 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
There is ample evidence that considers diet as an important factor in the prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The aim of this review is to synthesise the existing evidence on the relationship between GDM and maternal dietary components.

Methods
We performed a systematic bibliographic search in Medline, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (Lilacs) and the Latin American Nutrition Archive (ALAN) of regional and local literature, limiting the searches to observational studies published between 2016 and 2022. Search terms related to nutrients, foods, dietary patterns and the relationship to GDM risk were used. The review included 44 articles, 12 of which were from America. The articles considered different topics about maternal dietary components as follows: 14 are about nutrient intake, 8 about food intake, 4 combined nutrient and food analysis and 18 about dietary patterns.

Results
Iron, processed meat and a low carbohydrate diet were positively associated with GDM. Antioxidant nutrients, folic acid, fruits, vegetables, legumes and eggs were negatively associated with GDM. Generally, western dietary patterns increase GDM risk, and prudent dietary patterns or plant-based diets decrease the risk.

Conclusions
Diet is considered one of the causes of GDM. However, there is no homogeneity in how people eat nor in how researchers assess diet in different contextual conditions of the world.
The epigenetic regulatory mechanism of PIWI/piRNAs in human cancers
Authors: Zhang Qun , Zhu Yazhi , Cao Xinyu , Tan Wenhui , Yu Jianglong , Lu Yaqiong , Kang Ran , Wang Xiaolan , Li Ermao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPIWI proteins have a strong correlation with PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), which are significant in development and reproduction of organisms. Recently, emerging evidences have indicated that apart from the reproductive function, PIWI/piRNAs with abnormal expression, also involve greatly in varieties of human cancers. Moreover, human PIWI proteins are usually expressed only in germ cells and hardly in somatic cells, so the abnormal expression of PIWI proteins in different types of cancer offer a promising opportunity for precision medicine. In this review, we discussed current researches about the biogenesis of piRNA, its epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in human cancers, such as N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation, histone modifications, DNA methylation and RNA interference, providing novel insights into the markers for clinical diagnosis, treatment and prognosis in human cancers.
Results of thermal osteonecrosis for implant removal on electron microscopy, implant stability, and radiographic parameters – a rat study
Authors: Kniha Kristian , Buhl Eva Miriam , Al-Sibai Faruk , Möhlhenrich Stephan Christian , Bock Anna , Heitzer Marius , Hölzle Frank , Modabber Ali 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
This rat study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of temperature thresholds that affect peri-implant bone cells and morphology and the potential usefulness of thermal necrosis for inducing implant removal for a subsequent in vivo pig study.

Methods
On one side, rat tibiae were thermally treated before implant insertion. The contralateral side was used as the control group without tempering. Temperatures of 4 °C, 3 °C, 2 °C, 48 °C, 49 °C, and 50 °C were evaluated with a tempering time of 1 min. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses were performed.

Results
The EDX analysis revealed significant increases in element weights at 50 °C (e.g., calcium, phosphate, sodium, and sulfur; p < 0.01). The results of the TEM analysis showed that at all the applied cold and warm temperatures, signs of cell damage were observed, including vacuolization, shrinkage, and detachment from the surrounding bone matrix. Some cells became necrotic, leaving the lacunae empty.

Conclusions
Temperature of 50 °C led to irreversible cell death. The degree of damage was more significant at 50 °C and 2 °C than at 48 °C and 5 °C. Although this was a preliminary study, from the results, we identified that a temperature of 50 °C at a time interval of 60 min can lower the number of samples in a further study of thermo-explantation. Thus, the subsequent planned in vivo study in pigs, which will consider osseointegrated implants, is feasible.
Sexual dimorphism in odontometric parameters using cone beam CT: a systematic review
Authors: Ajmal M. A. , Roberts Tina S. , Beshtawi Khaled R. , Raj A. C. , Sandeepa N. C. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective
To determine whether odontometric parameters using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) would aid in sex estimation by assessing sexual dimorphism of odontometric parameters.

Material and methods
The focused question was whether there is sexual dimorphism in linear and volumetric odontometric parameters when assessed using CBCT. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed to conduct a systematic search until June 2022 in all major databases. Data were extracted regarding the population, size of the sample, age range, teeth analyzed, linear or volumetric measurements, accuracy, and conclusion. The quality of included studies was assessed using (Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) tool.

Results
Out of the 3761 studies identified, twenty-nine full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. Finally, twenty-three articles (4215 participants) that provided data on odontometrics using CBCT were included in this systematic review. The odontological sex estimation were assessed either linear measurements (n = 13) or volumetric measurements (n = 8) or both (n = 2). Canines were analysed in maximum number of reports (n = 14), followed by incisors (n = 11), molars(n = 10) and premolars(n = 6). Most of the reports (n = 18) confirmed the existence of sexual dimorphism in odontometric parameters when assessed using CBCT. No significant differences in odontometrics between the sexes were noted in some reports (n = 5). The accuracy of sex estimation was assessed in eight investigations, which ranged from 47.8 to 92.3%.

Conclusions
Odontometrics of human permanent dentition using CBCT exhibit a certain degree of sexual dimorphism. Both linear and volumetric measurements of teeth can aid sex estimation.
Network regulatory mechanism of ncRNA on the Wnt signaling pathway in osteoporosis
Authors: An Fangyu , Meng Xiangrui , Yuan Lingqing , Niu Yanqiang , Deng Jie , Li Zhaohui , Liu Yongqi , Xia Ruoliu , Liu Shiqing , Yan Chunlu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNon-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a type of non-protein-coding RNA molecule transcribed from the genome which performs broad regulation of a variety of biological functions in human cells. The Wnt signaling pathway is highly conserved in multicellular organisms, playing an important role in their growth and development. Increasing evidence suggests that ncRNA can regulate cell biological function, enhance bone metabolism, and maintain normal bone homeostasis by interacting with the Wnt pathway. Studies have also demonstrated that the association of ncRNA with the Wnt pathway may be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis, evaluation of prognosis, and treatment of osteoporosis. The interaction of ncRNA with Wnt also performs an important regulatory role in the occurrence and development of osteoporosis. Targeted therapy of the ncRNA/Wnt axis may ultimately be the preferred choice for the treatment of osteoporosis in the future. The current article reviews the mechanism of the ncRNA/Wnt axis in osteoporosis and reveals the relationship between ncRNA and Wnt, thereby exploring novel molecular targets for the treatment of osteoporosis and providing theoretical scientific guidance for its clinical treatment.
Elevated serum immunoglobulin level predicts high risk of 1-year recurrence in patients with Takayasu arteritis
Authors: Guo Yanqiu , Du Juan , Li Taotao , Gao Na , Yang Shiyu , Zhang Yaxin , Pan Lili 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
The mechanism of humoral immunity to Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is not clear. In our study, we aimed to investigate the correlation between immunoglobulins and disease activity and the relationship between immunoglobulins and the prognosis of TAK patients.

Methods
One hundred ninety TAK patients divided into two groups according to whether they had elevated immunoglobulins or not. We compared the demographic data and the clinical data between the two groups. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the relationship between immunoglobulin and disease activity, as well as the relationship between their changes. Immunohistochemical staining was used to compare the expression of humoral immune cells in TAK and atherosclerotic patients. One hundred twenty TAK patients who achieved remission within 3 months after discharge were followed up for 1 year. Logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between elevated immunoglobulins and recurrence.

Results
Disease activity and inflammatory factors were significantly higher in the group with elevated immunoglobulins than in the normal group [NIH (3.0 vs. 2.0, P = 0.001), ITAS-A (9.0 vs. 7.0, P = 0.006)]. Compared with atherosclerotic patients, CD138 + plasma cells were significantly increased in the aortic wall of patients with TAK (P = 0.021). Changes in IgG correlated well with CRP and ESR [CRP (r = 0.40, P = 0.027), ESR (r = 0.64, P < 0.001)]. For patients with TAK in remission, elevated immunoglobulins was associated with 1-year recurrence [OR95%, CI: 2.37 (1.03, 5.47), P = 0.042].

Conclusions
Immunoglobulins is of clinical value in evaluating disease activity in TAK patients. Moreover, the dynamic changes of IgG were correlated with the changes in inflammatory indicators in TAK patients.
The double homeodomain protein DUX4c is associated with regenerating muscle fibers and RNA-binding proteins
Authors: Claus Clothilde , Slavin Moriya , Ansseau Eugénie , Lancelot Céline , Bah Karimatou , Lassche Saskia , Fiévet Manon , Greco Anna , Tomaiuolo Sara , Tassin Alexandra , Dudome Virginie , Kusters Benno , Declèves Anne-Emilie , Laoudj-Chenivesse Dalila , van Engelen Baziel G. M. , Nonclercq Denis , Belayew Alexandra , Kalisman Nir , Coppée Frédérique 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
We have previously demonstrated that double homeobox 4 centromeric (DUX4C) encoded for a functional DUX4c protein upregulated in dystrophic skeletal muscles. Based on gain- and loss-of-function studies we have proposed DUX4c involvement in muscle regeneration. Here, we provide further evidence for such a role in skeletal muscles from patients affected with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD).

Methods
DUX4c was studied at RNA and protein levels in FSHD muscle cell cultures and biopsies. Its protein partners were co-purified and identified by mass spectrometry. Endogenous DUX4c was detected in FSHD muscle sections with either its partners or regeneration markers using co-immunofluorescence or in situ proximity ligation assay.

Results
We identified new alternatively spliced DUX4C transcripts and confirmed DUX4c immunodetection in rare FSHD muscle cells in primary culture. DUX4c was detected in nuclei, cytoplasm or at cell–cell contacts between myocytes and interacted sporadically with specific RNA-binding proteins involved, a.o., in muscle differentiation, repair, and mass maintenance.
In FSHD muscle sections, DUX4c was found in fibers with unusual shape or central/delocalized nuclei (a regeneration feature) staining for developmental myosin heavy chain, MYOD or presenting intense desmin labeling. Some couples of myocytes/fibers locally exhibited peripheral DUX4c-positive areas that were very close to each other, but in distinct cells. MYOD or intense desmin staining at these locations suggested an imminent muscle cell fusion.
We further demonstrated DUX4c interaction with its major protein partner, C1qBP, inside myocytes/myofibers that presented features of regeneration. On adjacent muscle sections, we could unexpectedly detect DUX4 (the FSHD causal protein) and its interaction with C1qBP in fusing myocytes/fibers.

Conclusions
DUX4c upregulation in FSHD muscles suggests it contributes not only to the pathology but also, based on its protein partners and specific markers, to attempts at muscle regeneration. The presence of both DUX4 and DUX4c in regenerating FSHD muscle cells suggests DUX4 could compete with normal DUX4c functions, thus explaining why skeletal muscle is particularly sensitive to DUX4 toxicity. Caution should be exerted with therapeutic agents aiming for DUX4 suppression because they might also repress the highly similar DUX4c and interfere with its physiological role.

Graphical Abstract
Macrophage-derived exosomes mediate glomerular endothelial cell dysfunction in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury
Authors: Xiang Huiling , Xu Zhifeng , Zhang Chun , Xiong Jing 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Sepsis-associated AKI has been shown to be related to sepsis mortality. Macrophage activation and endothelial cell damage are involved in the progression of sepsis-associated AKI, but the specific mechanisms are still unclear.

Methods
In vitro experiments, exosomes extracted from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated macrophages were co-incubated with rat glomerular endothelial cells (RGECs) and then detected the injury markers of RGECs. Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) inhibitor amitriptyline were used to investigate the role of ASM. In vivo experiment, exosomes produced by LPS-stimulated macrophages were injected into mice through tail vein to further explore the role of macrophage-derived exosomes. Moreover, ASM knockout mice were used to verify the mechanism.

Result
In vitro, the secretion of macrophage exosomes increased upon the stimulation with LPS. Notably, macrophage-derived exosomes can cause glomerular endothelial cell dysfunction. In vivo, macrophage infiltration and exosome secretion in glomeruli of the LPS-induced AKI group increased. The exosomes produced by LPS-stimulated macrophages were injected into mice, which also led to the injury of renal endothelial cells. In addition, in the LPS-induced AKI mouse model, compared with wild-type mice, the secretion of exosomes in glomeruli of ASM gene knockout mice and the injury of endothelial cells were reduced.

Conclusion
Our study shows that ASM regulates the secretion of macrophage exosomes, leading to endothelial cell injury, which may be a therapeutic target in sepsis-associated AKI.