bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Service Robot using Gesture recognition technique
Authors: Jessintha D. , kumar P. Praveen , Jaisiva S. , kumar T. Ananth , Ananth Christo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A robot is a machine that can automatically do a task or a series of tasks based on its programming and environment. They are artificially built machines or devices that can perform activities with utmost accuracy and precision minimizing time constraints. Service robots are technologically advanced machines deployed to service and maintain certain activities. Research findings convey the essential fact that serving robots are now being deployed worldwide. Social robotics is one such field that heavily involves an interaction between humans and an artificially built machine. These man-built machines interact with humans and can also understand social terms and words. Modernization has bought changes in design and mechanisms due to this ever-lasting growth in technology and innovation. Therefore, food industries are also dynamically adapting to the new changes in the field of automation to reduce human workload and increase the quality of service. Deployment of a robot in the food industries which help to aid deaf and mute people who face social constraints is an ever-growing challenge faced by engineers for the last few decades. Moreover, a contactless form of speedy service system which accomplishes its task with at most precision and reduced complexity is a feat yet to be perfected. Preservation of personal hygiene, a better quality of service, and reduced labour costs is achieved.
Design of Smart Medical Mirror using Raspberry Pi
Authors: Mariappan R , Prasanna P Naga , Tehmeem Sulthana SK , Ramprasad A , Charishma Shalini P 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The main idea of the paper is to get individuals to monitor their body mass index (BMI) and temperature. The BMI is a technique used to test people for potential weight issues and to track the weight status of people. Body mass index is calculated by using two main parameters they are height and weight of the person. We develop a commercial device, which calculates the BMI of the user with their respective height and weight. When the user stands in front of the device, The device scans the user’s face and classifies the user’s gender as correct BMI of user is dependent on gender, Later the height is calculated using ultrasonic sensor and weight is also measured. The device also shows the temperature and this temperature is measured by MLX 90614 sensor Now the device calculates the BMI and displays the user’s BMI to the user. The device also displays some message to the user according to their BMI, such as whether the person is over weighted or low weighted.
IoT based Dynamic Road Traffic Management System
Authors: Bhavana Pendurthy , Likhitha Pediredla , Manoj Chiluvuri , Kumar Lakshmi Sutha 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Traffic due to automobiles is a major problem in many urban places in India as well as in other countries. Malfunctioning of the traffic lights and various other dysfunctionalities has led to traffic congestion which hurts the economy, environment, and overall quality of life. Hence it is very important to manage the traffic congestion problem effectively. In this paper, a prototype is proposed for a traffic management system using IR sensors, Arduino, serial to the parallel shift register, and LED displays. The density of the traffic is measured by placing the IR sensors at the 4 lane junction after a certain distance. The data collected from sensors is used to dynamically change the sequence of green lights as well as to dynamically change the green light delays. The proposed road traffic management system is implemented in the proteus software. For high traffic zone, a higher green light delay is given whereas for low density zone, the duration of the green light delay is reduced. The system is also designed in such a way as to give preference to the lanes which have no vehicles/very few vehicles by providing the least green light delays.
Classification of WBC cell classification using fully connected convolution neural network
Authors: Gokul Kannan K , Ganesh Babu T R , Praveena R , Sukumar P , Sudha G , Birunda M 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
White blood cells (WBCs) are cells that is key factor of the immune systems which is help to our body fight off contagions and other diseases. In order to enhance the diagnosis of various diseases in medical field by using image processing techniques from the blood cells. In that, Leukemia is associated with one type of cancer of the blood and bone marrow. It is look like spongy tissue inside the bones where blood cells are made. In this paper, a fully connected. Convolution neural network is used to segmented and classification of blood cell microscope WBC images for healthy and unhealthy conditions. The performance of the classifier was analyzed. The accuracy sensitivity specificity and pression are 96.84%, 96.26%,97.35% and 96.39% respectively.
Solving the thoracic inverse problem in the fruit fly
Authors: Pons Arion , Perl Illy , Ben-Dov Omri , Maya Roni , Beatus Tsevi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In many insect species, the thoracic exoskeletal structure plays a crucial role in enabling flight. In the dipteran indirect flight mechanism, thoracic cuticle acts as a transmission link between the flight muscles and the wings, and is thought to act as an elastic modulator: improving flight motor efficiency thorough linear or nonlinear resonance. But peering closely into the drivetrain of tiny insects is experimentally difficult, and the nature of this elastic modulation is unclear. Here, we present a new inverse-problem methodology to surmount this difficulty. In a data synthesis process, we integrate literature-reported rigid-wing aerodynamic and musculoskeletal data into a planar oscillator model for the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, and use this integrated data to identify several surprising properties of the fly’s thorax. We find that fruit flies likely have an energetic need for motor resonance: absolute power savings due to motor elasticity range from 0%–30% across literature-reported datasets, averaging 16%. However, in all cases, the intrinsic high effective stiffness of the active asynchronous flight muscles accounts for all elastic energy storage required by the wingbeat. The D. melanogaster flight motor should be considered as a system in which the wings are resonant with the elastic effects of the motor’s asynchronous musculature, and not with the elastic effects of the thoracic exoskeleton. We discover also that D. melanogaster wingbeat kinematics show subtle adaptions that ensure that wingbeat load requirements match muscular forcing. Together, these newly-identified properties suggest a novel conceptual model of the fruit fly’s flight motor: a structure that is resonant due to muscular elasticity, and is thereby intensely concerned with ensuring that the primary flight muscles are operating efficiently. Our inverse-problem methodology sheds new light on the complex behaviour of these tiny flight motors, and provides avenues for further studies in a range of other insect species.
Effect of different soluble salt ions on deformation of desulfurization gypsum in high humidity environment: a statistically designed experimental analysis method
Authors: Zhou Shuang-xi , Liu Chao-qun , Dai Li , Zhang You-hua , Zhu Ze-wen , Mao Lin , Ding Yang , Han Zhen , Dong Jiang-liang , She An-ming , Wei Yong-qi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In response to the green energy-saving goal of carbon neutralization and carbon peak, the research and development of green building materials have become a key research direction. Desulfurization gypsum is widely used in building materials because of its good energy saving, but it cannot be used in high humidity areas because of its highly soluble salt. Based on this reason, this paper uses statistically designed experiments (SDE) to design the experiments on the influence of four common soluble salt ions

N

a

+

,
M

g

2
+

,
C

l

−

and

K

+

on the sagging deformation of desulfurization gypsum, and studies the significance of their influence by SDE experimental analysis method. The results show that: (1) in the environment of a single salt solution,

K

+

ion,

M

g

2
+

ion,

N

a

+

ion, and

C

l

−

ion will cause sagging deformation of desulfurization gypsum, and their values are 0.432 mm, 1.933 mm, 0.942 mm, and 0.940 mm respectively. It can be seen that the effect of the

M

g

2
+

ion is the most significant. (2) In the environment of composite salt solution,

K

+

ions will inhibit the sagging deformation of desulfurization gypsum. Specifically, in the compound salt solution environment of

K

+

+
M

g

2
+

and

K

+

+
N

a

+

,

the deformation values are 0.605 mm and 0.596 mm respectively.
Review of in silico models of cerebral blood flow in health and pathology
Authors: Payne Stephen , Józsa Tamás István , El-Bouri Wahbi K 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this review, we provide a summary of the state-of-the-art in the in silico modelling of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and its application in in silico clinical trials. CBF plays a key role in the transport of nutrients, including oxygen and glucose, to brain cells, and the cerebral vasculature is a highly complex, multi-scale, dynamic system that acts to ensure that supply and demand of these nutrients are continuously balanced. It also plays a key role in the transport of other substances, such as recombinant tissue-plasminogen activator, to brain tissue. Any dysfunction in CBF can rapidly lead to cell death and permanent damage to brain regions, leading to loss of bodily functions and death. The complexity of the cerebral vasculature and the difficulty in obtaining accurate anatomical information combine to make mathematical models of CBF key in understanding brain supply, diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease, quantification of the effects of thrombi, selection of the optimum intervention, and neurosurgical planning. Similar in silico models have now been widely applied in a variety of body organs (most notably in the heart), but models of CBF are still far behind. The increased availability of experimental data in the last 15 years however has enabled these models to develop more rapidly and this progress is the focus of this review. We thus present a brief review of the cerebral vasculature and the mathematical foundations that underpin CBF in both the microvasculature and the macrovasculature. We also demonstrate how such models can be applied in the context of cerebral diseases and show how this work has recently been expanded to in silico trials for the first time. Most work to date in this context has been performed for ischaemic stroke or cerebral aneurysms, but these in-silico models have many other applications in neurodegenerative diseases where mathematical models have a vital role to play in testing hypotheses and providing test beds for clinical interventions.
Cytosine methylation in GABA B1 receptor identifies alcohol-related changes for men in blood and brain tissues
Authors: Meyer-Bockenkamp Fiona , Proskynitopoulos Phileas J , Glahn Alexander , Muschler Marc , Hagemeier Lars , Preuss Vanessa , Klintschar Michael , Achenbach Johannes , Frieling Helge , Rhein Mathias 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Aims
Alcohol use alters the reward signaling processes contributing to the development of addiction. We studied the effects of alcohol use disorder (AUD) on brain regions and blood of deceased women and men to examine sex-dependent differences in epigenetic changes associated with AUD. We investigated the effects of alcohol use on the gene promoter methylation of GABBR1 coding for GABAB receptor subunit 1 in blood and brain.

Methods
We chose six brain regions associated with addiction and the reward pathway (nucleus arcuatus, nucleus accumbens, the mamillary bodies, amygdala, hippocampus and anterior temporal cortex) and performed epigenetic profiling of the proximal promoter of the GABBR1 gene of post-mortem brain and blood samples of 17 individuals with AUD pathology (4 female, 13 male) and 31 healthy controls (10 female, 21 male).

Results
Our results show sex-specific effects of AUD on GABBR1 promoter methylation. Especially, CpG −4 showed significant tissue-independent changes and significantly decreased methylation levels for the AUD group in the amygdala and the mammillary bodies of men. We saw prominent and consistent change in CpG-4 across all investigated tissues. For women, no significant loci were observed.

Conclusion
We found sex-dependent differences in GABBR1 promoter methylation in relation to AUD. CpG-4 hypomethylation in male individuals with AUD is consistent for most brain regions. Blood shows similar results without reaching significance, potentially serving as a peripheral marker for addiction-associated neuronal adaptations. Further research is needed to discover more contributing factors in the pathological alterations of alcohol addiction to offer sex-specific biomarkers and treatment.
Micro-photoautotroph predation as a driver for trophic niche specialization in 12 syntopic Indo-Pacific parrotfish species
Authors: Nicholson Georgina M , Clements Kendall D 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Parrotfish are key agents of bioerosion and sediment production in coral reef ecosystems; however, their dietary targets and therefore potential sources of variation in carbonate cycling lack resolution. Here we address this knowledge shortfall in our current understanding of parrotfish diets by testing the concept that protein-rich micro-photoautotrophs are the target prey for many Scarinine parrotfishes. We focus at fine spatial scales on the feeding substrata of 12 syntopic Indo-Pacific parrotfish species at mid-shelf sites around Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. We followed individual parrotfish on snorkel until biting was observed, and then extracted a reef core around each bite. The surface of each bite core was scraped to ~1 mm for quantitative microscopic analysis (up to 630 × magnification) and for 16S and 18S rRNA metabarcoding. The most dominant photoautotrophic group in terms of surface cover was filamentous cyanobacteria, followed by crustose coralline algae. Epiphytic, epilithic, endophytic and endolithic filamentous cyanobacteria were consistent bite core biota. Although the density of filamentous cyanobacteria on bite cores was largely consistent among the 12 parrotfish species, the quantitative microscopic data and rRNA metabarcoding revealed distinct differences between parrotfish species in the taxonomic composition of core biota. Our data provide further evidence that these syntopic parrotfish species partition feeding resources.
A comparison of candidate banker plants for management of pests in lettuce
Authors: Hogg Brian N , Nelson Erik H , Daane Kent M 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Agricultural systems are often lacking in resources for natural enemies. Providing alternative prey can help natural enemies persist through periods of low pest abundance, although this approach has been rarely commercially implemented in open field crops. In this study, we tested the potential of eight plant species to provide alternative prey to natural enemies in lettuce fields over a 2-yr period. Results showed that the tested plants would not act as sources of the lettuce aphid Nasonovia ribisnigri Mosley (Hemiptera: Aphididae), the primary lettuce pest. Of the banker plants tested, barley contained high numbers of non-lettuce aphids and appeared to provide reliable habitat for hoverfly larvae. However, lettuce aphids were present on lettuce early in the season, and may have dwarfed any effects of nonlettuce aphids on natural enemy populations. Numbers of hoverfly larvae were also high in lettuce, but did not appear to track numbers of non-lettuce aphids on banker plants. In contrast, numbers of lacewing larvae were highest on plants containing high numbers of non-lettuce aphids, and predatory hemipterans appeared to be associated with numbers of thrips on banker plants. Although barley showed promise as a source of alternative aphids, it did not appear to improve pest control in the adjacent crop.
Aortic cusp perforation during rotational atherectomy: a case report
Authors: Shah Nihit , Demetriades Polyvios , Maqableh Ghaith M , Khan Sohail Q , Shahid Farhan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Rotational atherectomy has become increasingly utilised over the past decade. Although a relatively safe procedure in appropriately trained physicians’ hands, there are a number of recognised complications.

Case summary
We describe the case of a 64-year-old female who presented with chest pain and was diagnosed with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome. A transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) showed normal biventricular function and no valve disease. Invasive coronary angiogram was performed which revealed a severely calcified ostial right coronary artery (RCA) disease which was felt to be the culprit of the presentation. Balloon dilatation was unsuccessful, therefore, rotational atherectomy with an Amplatz left 0.75 guide and a 1.5 mm rota-burr was utilised and improved calcium burden. This was complicated by ostial dissection, treated with stenting. A TTE following the procedure revealed moderate aortic regurgitation (AR). The patient was discharged as she remained asymptomatic. An outpatient transoesophageal echocardiogram performed eight months later showed evidence of severe eccentric AR. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging confirmed severe AR with left ventricular dilatation. Repeat angiogram 10 months after index procedure revealed in-stent restenosis, and the patient was accepted by heart multidisciplinary team for aortic valve replacement and grafting of RCA.

Discussion
As the field of rotational atherectomy continues to expand, we propose that novel complications such as reported in this case may become recognised. Finally, we stress the importance of multi-modality imaging in the investigation and timely planning of interventions in the management of these patients.
Signatures of Adaptation, Constraints, and Potential Redundancy in the Canonical Immune Genes of a Key Pollinator
Authors: Larragy Sarah J , Möllmann Jannik S , Stout Jane C , Carolan James C , Colgan Thomas J 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
All organisms require an immune system to recognize, differentiate, and defend against pathogens. From an evolutionary perspective, immune systems evolve under strong selective pressures exerted by fast-evolving pathogens. However, the functional diversity of the immune system means that different immune components and their associated genes may evolve under varying forms of selection. Insect pollinators, which provide essential ecosystem services, are an important system in which to understand how selection has shaped immune gene evolution as their populations are experiencing declines with pathogens highlighted as a potential contributing factor. To improve our understanding of the genetic variation found in the immune genes of an essential pollinator, we performed whole-genome resequencing of wild-caught Bombus terrestris males. We first assessed nucleotide diversity and extended haplotype homozygosity for canonical immune genes finding the strongest signatures of positive selection acting on genes involved in pathogen recognition and antiviral defense, possibly driven by growing pathogen spread in wild populations. We also identified immune genes evolving under strong purifying selection, highlighting potential constraints on the bumblebee immune system. Lastly, we highlight the potential loss of function alleles present in the immune genes of wild-caught haploid males, suggesting that such genes are potentially less essential for development and survival and represent redundancy in the gene repertoire of the bumblebee immune system. Collectively, our analysis provides novel insights into the recent evolutionary history of the immune system of a key pollinator, highlighting targets of selection, constraints to adaptation, and potential redundancy.
Incidence and risk factors for non-union of the superior ramus osteotomy when hip dysplasia is treated with periacetabular osteotomy
Authors: Sivamurugan Ganesh , Westermann Robert W , Glass Natalie , Davison John C , Miller Aspen , Henrichsen Jacob , McKinley Todd O , Willey Michael C 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is a well-established surgical treatment for hip dysplasia. Few studies report risk factors for the development of superior ramus osteotomy non-union. The purpose of this investigation was to document the incidence and risk factors for this complication. We identified 316 consecutive hips that underwent PAO for symptomatic acetabular dysplasia with a minimum 1-year radiographic follow-up. We developed and validated a technique to measure the superior ramus osteotomy location on anterior-posterior (AP) pelvis radiographs and computed tomography. Logistic regression with generalized estimating equations was used to evaluate the relationships between odds of non-union and potential demographic and radiographic predictor variables in univariate and multivariate analyses. Twenty-nine (9.2%) hips developed superior ramus non-union. Age {median [interquartile range (IQR)] 23 years (18–35) healed versus 35 years (26–40) non-united, P = 0.001}, pre-operative lateral center-edge angle (LCEA) [16° (11–20) healed versus 10° (6–13) non-united, P &lt; 0.001] and the distance from the superior ramus osteotomy to the ilioishial line [15.8 mm (13.2–18.7) healed versus 18.1 mm (16.2–20.5) non-united, P &lt; 0.001] varied significantly between groups. Using multivariate analysis, moderate-to-severe dysplasia [LCEA &lt; 15°, odds ratio (OR) 5.95, standard error (SE) 3.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.99–17.79, P = 0.001], increased age (5-year increase, OR 1.29, SE 3.32, 95% CI 1.105–1.60, P-value = 0.018) and distance from the ilioishial line (3-mm increase, OR 1.67, SE 0.22, 95% CI 1.29–2.18, P &lt; 0.001) were at increased risk of developing non-union. Superior ramus osteotomy non-union is common after PAO. Older age, moderate-to-severe dysplasia, and more medial osteotomy location were independent risk factors for non-union. Consideration should be made in high-risk patients for a more lateral superior ramus osteotomy and adjuvant medical and surgical interventions.
Optimal Portfolio Using Factor Graphical Lasso
Authors: Lee Tae-Hwy , Seregina Ekaterina 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Graphical models are a powerful tool to estimate a high-dimensional inverse covariance (precision) matrix, which has been applied for a portfolio allocation problem. The assumption made by these models is a sparsity of the precision matrix. However, when stock returns are driven by common factors, such assumption does not hold. We address this limitation and develop a framework, Factor Graphical Lasso (FGL), which integrates graphical models with the factor structure in the context of portfolio allocation by decomposing a precision matrix into low-rank and sparse components. Our theoretical results and simulations show that FGL consistently estimates the portfolio weights and risk exposure and also that FGL is robust to heavy-tailed distributions which makes our method suitable for financial applications. FGL-based portfolios are shown to exhibit superior performance over several prominent competitors including equal-weighted and index portfolios in the empirical application for the S&P500 constituents.