bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hexacyclic Chelated Lithium Stable Solvates for Highly Reversible Cycling of High‐Voltage Lithium Metal Battery
Authors: Wu Lan‐Qing , Li Zhe , Lu Yong , Hou Jin‐Ze , Han Hao‐Qin , Zhao Qing , Chen Jun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEther‐based electrolytes that are endowed with decent compatibility towards lithium anode have been regarded as promising candidates for constructing energy‐dense lithium metal batteries (LMBs), but their applications are hindered by low oxidation stability in conventional salt concentration. Here, we reported that regulating the chelating power and coordination structure can remarkably increase the high‐voltage stability of ether‐based electrolytes and lifespan of LMBs. Two ether molecules of 1,3‐dimethoxypropane (DMP) and 1,3‐diethoxypropane (DEP) are designed and synthesized as solvents of electrolytes to replace the traditional ether solvent (1,2‐dimethoxyethane, DME). Both computational and spectra reveal that the transition from five‐ to six‐membered chelate solvation structure by adding one methylene on DME results in the formation of weak Li solvates, which increase the reversibility and high‐voltage stability in LMBs. Even under lean electrolyte (5 mL Ah−1) and low anode to cathode ratio (2.6), the fabricated high‐voltage Li||LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 LMBs using electrolyte of 2.30 M Lithiumbisfluorosulfonimide (LiFSI)/DMP still show capacity retention over 90 % after 184 cycles. This work highlights the importance of designing the coordination structures in non‐fluorine ether electrolytes for rechargeable batteries.
Error‐correcting cryptographic S‐boxes with multiple error detection and correction
Authors: Rashidi Bahram 
Published: June 2023

SummaryIn this paper, the error‐correcting 4‐bit S‐boxes for cryptography applications with multiple error detection and correction are presented. Three 4‐bit S‐boxes which are used in the lightweight block ciphers PRESENT, Midori, and KLEIN are considered for implementation of the error‐correcting method. The proposed method does not require two redundant S‐boxes for repairing the S‐box. The main circuit of the S‐box is implemented concurrently with the low‐cost error‐correcting part of the structure. This reduces the overall area consumption and delay of the proposed error‐correcting method (the area consists of the 4‐bit S‐box and self‐checking/error‐correcting circuits). In the proposed error‐correcting method, the outputs of the S‐box are tested individually and it can detect and repair transient and permanent faults simultaneously. Therefore, the structure can detect and repair the single, double, triple, and quadruple faults at a time. The area and timing results, in 180 nm CMOS technology, show the proposed structures are acceptable in terms of area and delay overheads than those of the other methods.
Impact of low‐volume blood withdrawal on hematological biomarkers for the athlete biological passport
Authors: Krumm B. , Saugy J. J. , Botrè F. , Faiss R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study investigated the impact of low‐volume blood withdrawal on the hematological biomarkers currently considered for anti‐doping purposes. After baseline measurement (D − 7), a 140 mL blood withdrawal was completed (D + 0) on 12 healthy volunteers, followed by weekly monitoring for 21 days (D + 7 – 21). Each visit consisted of a full blood count (Sysmex XN‐1000) and duplicate blood volume measurements by CO‐rebreathing. A significant decrease in total hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) (−2.3%, p = 0.007) and red blood cell volume (RBCV) (−2.8%, p = 0.028) was reported at D + 7. Despite no atypical passport finding (ATPF) when considering the athlete biological passport adaptive longitudinal model, hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]) increased significantly at D + 21 (+3.8%, p = 0.031). Besides, ferritin (FERR) was significantly downregulated at all points following blood withdrawal, with the largest decrease occurring at D + 7 (−26.6%, p < 0.001). Regardless of the presumable effect of blood reinfusion on ABP biomarkers, these results illustrate the challenge of monitoring hematological variables for the detection of low‐volume blood withdrawal. Finally, this study outlines the sensitivity of FERR to altered erythropoiesis to support the implementation of iron markers as complementary variables for the longitudinal monitoring of blood doping, despite the potential influence of confounding factors (e.g., iron supplementations).
Fish feces reveal diverse nutrient sources for coral reefs
Authors: Van Wert Jacey C. , Ezzat Leïla , Munsterman Katrina S. , Landfield Kaitlyn , Schiettekatte Nina M. D. , Parravicini Valeriano , Casey Jordan M. , Brandl Simon J. , Burkepile Deron E. , Eliason Erika J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractConsumers mediate nutrient cycling through excretion and egestion across most ecosystems. In nutrient‐poor tropical waters such as coral reefs, nutrient cycling is critical for maintaining productivity. While the cycling of fish‐derived inorganic nutrients via excretion has been extensively investigated, the role of egestion for nutrient cycling has remained poorly explored. We sampled the fecal contents of 570 individual fishes across 40 species, representing six dominant trophic guilds of coral reef fishes in Moorea, French Polynesia. We measured fecal macro‐ (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids) and micro‐ (calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, zinc) nutrients and compared the fecal nutrient quantity and quality across trophic guilds, taxa, and body size. Macro‐ and micronutrient concentrations in fish feces varied markedly across species. Genera and trophic guild best predicted fecal nutrient concentrations. In addition, nutrient composition in feces was unique among species within both trophic guilds (herbivores and corallivores) and genera (AcanthurusandChaetodon). Particularly, certain coral reef fishes (e.g.,Thalassoma hardwicke,Chromis xanthura,Chaetodon pelewensisandAcanthurus pyroferus) harbored relatively high concentrations of micronutrients (e.g., Mn, Mg, Zn and Fe, respectively) that are known to contribute to ocean productivity and positively impact coral physiological performances. Given the nutrient‐rich profiles across reef fish feces, conserving holistic reef fish communities ensures the availability of nutritional pools on coral reefs. We therefore suggest that better integration of consumer egestion dynamics into food web models and ecosystem‐scale processes will facilitate an improved understanding of coral reef functioning.
Feasibility of physiological pacing rate in cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Spaggiari Caio V. , de Siqueira Sergio F. , de Oliveira Camila Parente , Guiarão Gomes Cinthya I. , Alves Maria Janieire de N. N. , Filho Martino Martinelli 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimsAlthough cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) improves functional capacity in heart failure patients, a blunted heart rate (HR) response remains after treatment. So we aimed to evaluate the feasibility of the physiological pacing rate (PPR) in CRT patients.MethodsA cohort of 30 clinical mildly symptomatic CRT patients underwent the six‐minute walk test (6MWT). During the 6MWT, HR, blood pressure, and maximum walking distance were assessed. The measurements were obtained in a pre to post manner, with CRT at nominal settings and with the physiological phase (CRT PPR), in which HR was increased by 10% above the maximum HR achieved previously. The CRT cohort also comprised a matched control group (CRT CG). In the CRT CG, the 6MWT was repeated after the standard evaluation with no PPR. The evaluations were blinded for patients and for the 6MWT evaluator.ResultsDuring the 6MWT, CRT PPR led to an increase in walking distance of 40.5 m (9.2%; P < 0.0001) when compared with baseline trial. Additionally, CRT PPR increased the maximum walking distance compared with CRT CG 479.3 ± 68.9 m vs. 420.3 ± 44.8 m, respectively, P = 0.001. In the CRT CG, CRT PPR increased the variation in walking distance, compared with baseline trials, respectively 2.40 ± 3.8% vs. 9.25 ± 7.0%, P = 0.007.ConclusionsIn mildly symptomatic CRT patients PPR is feasible, leading to improvements in functional capacity. In this regard, the efficacy of PPR must be confirmed by controlled randomized trials.
Photochemical Bromination of 2,5‐Dimethylbenzoic Acid as Key Step of an Improved Alkyne‐Functionalized Blue Box Synthesis**
Authors: Bachir Ahmad , Ciocchetti Fabiana , Couto Daniel P. , Di Noja Simone , Pezzato Cristian , Ragazzon Giulio 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCyclobis(paraquat‐p‐phenylene), also known as “blue box”, is a highly electron‐deficient macrocycle, widely used as a molecular receptor for small electron‐rich molecules. Inserting a reactive functional group onto the molecular structure of this cyclophane is paramount for its inclusion into complex architectures. To this aim, including an alkyne moiety would be ideal, because it can participate in click reactions. However, the synthesis of such alkyne‐functionalized cyclophane suffers from several drawbacks: the use of toxic and expensive CCl4, the need for high‐pressure reactors, and overall low yield. We have revised the existing synthesis of this cyclophane derivative bearing an alkyne moiety, to overcome all these limitations. In particular, photochemical radical bromination is adopted to obtain a sensitive intermediate. We demonstrated that the synthesized host molecule can be functionalized via click reactions and take part in radical‐radical interactions. Our work makes a key functionalized paraquat macrocycle more accessible, facilitating the development of novel redox‐responsive systems.
Comparison between pupillometry and numeric pain rating scale for pain assessments in communicating adult patients in the emergency department
Authors: Gregoire Charles , Charier David , de Bergeyck Romane , Mouraux André , Van Ouytsel Floor , Lambert Romain , Zhou Nicole , Lavand'homme Patricia , Penaloza Andrea , Pickering Gisele 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe adequate assessment of pain in the emergency department (ED) can be challenging. Two dynamic pupillary measures used in conscious subjects after a surgical procedure were previously shown to correlate to the magnitude of ongoing pain. The objective of this study was to test the ability of dynamic measures derived from pupillometry to evaluate pain intensity in conscious adult patients admitted to the ED.MethodsThis prospective, interventional, single‐centre study was performed between August 2021 and January 2022 (NCT05019898). An assessment of self‐reported pain intensity was performed on ED admission by the triage nurse using a numeric rating scale (NRS). This was followed by two dynamic measures derived from pupillometry that were previously correlated with pain perception: the pupillary unrest under ambient light (PUAL) and the pupillary light reflex (PLR).ResultsAmong the 313 analysed patients, the median age was 41 years, and 52% were women. No correlation was found between self‐reported pain ratings and PUAL (r = 0.007) or PLR (baseline diameter r = −0.048; decrease r = 0.024; latency r = 0.019; slope = −0.051). Similarly, the pupillometry measures could not discriminate patients with moderate to severe pain (defined as NRS ≥4).ConclusionsPupillometry does not appear to be an effective tool to evaluate pain in the ED environment. Indeed, too many factors influencing the sympathetic system—and thus the dynamic pupillary measures—are not controllable in the ED.SignificancePupillometry does not appear to be an effective tool to evaluate pain in the ED environment.There are several possible explanations for these negative results. The factors influencing the sympathetic system—and thus the PD fluctuations—are controllable in the postoperative period but not in the ED (e.g. full bladder, hypothermia). In addition, numerous psychological phenomena can impact pupillometry measurements such as emotional reactions or cognitive tasks. These phenomena are particularly difficult to control in the ED environment.
Geostatistical analysis for spatial distribution of anemia (Hb level) among women of reproductive age and determinant factors
Authors: Abbas Ghulam , Hussain Azhar , Hussain Abid , Ahmed Zahoor , Abbas Yasir , Nemat Arash 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe study was designed to assess the geostatistical spatial distribution of anemia and determinant factors among the women of reproductive age group (RAG) in Gilgit district, Pakistan. The Hb levels for 15–25 RAG, 26–35 RAG, and 36–45 group showed 10.22 g/dL, 10.41 g/dL, and 9.90 g/dL levels, respectively, while the Hb level showed a nugget/sill ratio of 0.21 inferring strong for the 15–25 group, weak for the 26–36, and moderate for 36–45 spatial dependence. Furthermore, 15–25 RAG showed 8% severe and 33.34% sufficient cases and 26–35 showed 12% severe and 29.33% sufficient results in their Hb level, whereas 36–45 had 9.34% severe and 29.33% sufficient.
The association between depression and non‐compliance with COVID‐19 preventive behaviors in South Korean older adults stratified by sex
Authors: Lee Jae Jun , Kim Namhee , Park Min Kyung , Ji Hyunju , Kim Gwang Suk 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study evaluated the association between depression and non‐compliance with COVID‐19 preventive behaviors among community‐dwelling South Korean older adults.MethodsWe utilized the 2020 Korean Community Health Survey—a community‐based nationwide survey. A score of 10 points or higher on the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 was defined as depression. Non‐compliance with COVID‐19 preventive behaviors was assessed on the following three behaviors: washing hands, wearing masks, and watching distance. We also included socio‐demographic characteristics, health behaviors, and COVID‐19‐related characteristics as covariates. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed, and all statistical analyses were stratified by sex.ResultsThe 70,693 participants included 29,736 men and 40,957 women. Notably, 2.3% of men and 4.2% of women had depression. Non‐compliance with washing hands was significantly higher in men than women (1.3% vs. 0.9%), whereas no significant differences were observed in wearing masks and watching distance. The adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that depression was positively associated with non‐compliance with washing hands and watching distance in both sexes. The association between depression and non‐compliance with wearing masks was significant only in women.ConclusionsThere was an association between depression and non‐compliance with COVID‐19 preventive behaviors in South Korean older adults. This signifies that health providers need to reduce depression to improve compliance with preventive behaviors in older adults.
Comparison of the short‐ and long‐term prognosis of early‐onset colorectal cancer compared with later‐onset colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jin Taojun , Li Xinxing , Ji Jianmei , Li Jue , Yin Xiaomao , Xu Kai , Wang Wenqiang , Zhang Wei , Xu Xiaowen , Hu Zhiqian , Gong Biao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsThe annual incidence of early‐onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) is increasing at an alarming rate. The prognosis of EOCRC remains controversial, and whether the early onset is a risk factor for colorectal cancer remains unclear.MethodsWe searched four electronic bibliographic databases from database inception to April 25, 2022 for studies that included both early‐ and later‐onset patients and performed a prognostic analysis. Random‐effects models were used to summarize the prognostic information extracted by the investigators, including overall survival (OS), cancer‐special survival (CSS), and disease‐free survival (DFS). Network meta‐analysis (NMA) was used to compare patients' long‐term prognoses in different age subgroups.ResultsAfter 694 reports were screened, 13 studies were included in the final analysis, with a total of 448,781 CRC cases. In the meta‐analysis of the 5‐year OS, EOCRC had a better prognosis compared to LOCRC (hazard ratio [HR] 0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74–0.99; relative risk [RR] 0.83, 95% CI, 0.78–0.89). No difference in prognosis was found between the two groups in terms of 5‐year CSS (RR 0.99, 95% CI, 0.93–1.05), 5‐year DFS (RR 0.90, 95% CI, 0.74–1.09), and short‐term OS. In the NMA, patients aged <30 years had the worst outcome (surface under the cumulative ranking curve [SUCRA], 15.8%) in 5‐year OS; consistent results were observed in the analysis of 5‐year CSS (<30 years, SUCRA 4.5%), but the difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionAlthough patients with early‐onset CRC had better OS than those with later‐onset CRC, there was no difference in the CSS. Meanwhile, the trend for survival was worse in younger patients, especially in those ages 18–29 years. Thus, more attention should be paid to early diagnosis and treatment of EOCRC.Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis RegistrationThe systematic review and Meta‐analysis protocol was registered with PROSPERO (registration number CRD42022334697).
Plasma total cholesterol concentration and risk of higher‐grade prostate cancer: A nested case‐control study and a dose‐response meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Hui , Shui Irene M. , Keum NaNa , Shen Xudan , Wu Kana , Clinton Steven K. , Cao Yin , Song Mingyang , Zhang Xuehong , Platz Elizabeth A. , Giovannucci Edward L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOur previous publication found an increased risk of higher‐grade (Gleason sum ≥7) prostate cancer for men with high total cholesterol concentration (≥200 mg/dl) in the Health Professionals Follow‐up Study (HPFS). With additional 568 prostate cancer cases, we are now able to investigate this association in more detail. For the nested case‐control study, we included 1260 men newly diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1993 and 2004, and 1328 controls. For the meta‐analyses, 23 articles studied the relationship between total cholesterol level and prostate cancer incidence were included. Logistic regression models and dose‐response meta‐analysis were performed. An increased risk of higher‐grade (Gleason sum ≥4 + 3) prostate cancer for high vs low quartile of total cholesterol level was observed in the HPFS (ORmultivariable = 1.56; 95% CI = 1.01‐2.40). This finding was compatible with the association noted in the meta‐analysis of highest vs lowest group of total cholesterol level, which suggested a moderately increased risk of higher‐grade prostate cancer (Pooled RR =1.21; 95%CI: 1.11‐1.32). Moreover, the dose‐response meta‐analysis indicated that an increased risk of higher‐grade prostate cancer occurred primarily at total cholesterol levels ≥200 mg/dl, where the RR was 1.04 (95%CI: 1.01‐1.08) per 20 mg/dl increase in total cholesterol level. However, total cholesterol concentration was not associated with the risk of prostate cancer overall either in the HPFS or in the meta‐analysis. Our primary finding, as well as the result of the meta‐analysis suggested a modest increased risk of higher‐grade prostate cancer, at total cholesterol concentrations exceeding 200 mg/dl.
Training and capacity building in obstetric fistula repair: A scoping review
Authors: Chin Esther Anne , Arrowsmith Steven 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAn ongoing barrier to sustainable obstetric fistula (OF) care is the lack of trained fistula surgeons. Despite a standardized training curriculum, data regarding OF repair training remain limited.ObjectivesTo assess the availability of literature on the case numbers or training duration required for OF repair competency and whether these data are stratified by trainee background or repair complexity.Search strategyA systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, and OVID Global Health electronic databases and gray literature.Selection criteriaAll English sources from all years from low‐ and middle‐income and high‐income countries were eligible. Identified titles and abstracts were screened and full‐text articles were reviewed.Data collection and analysisData collection and analysis included a descriptive summary organized by training case numbers, training duration, trainee background, and repair complexity.ResultsOf the 405 sources retrieved, 24 were included in the study. The only concrete recommendations were in the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2022 Fistula Surgery Training Manual, which proposes 50 to 100 repairs (Level 1), 200 to 300 repairs (Level 2), and trainer discretion for Level 3 competency.ConclusionsMore case‐ or time‐based data, particularly if stratified by trainee background and repair complexity, would be useful at the individual, institutional, and policy level for fistula care implementation or expansion.
A regulatory framework review of Schedule I psychedelics in the United States
Authors: Herkenham Kevin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPsychoactive substances such as psilocybin and 3,4‐methylenedioxy‐methamphetamine (MDMA) are currently being investigated for a variety of psychiatric indications including major depressive disorder and post‐traumatic stress disorder. It is critical that clinicians working in the mental health field understand the regulatory framework that balances access and control for such substances. While both psilocybin and MDMA are designated as “Breakthrough Therapy” by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), they remain classified as Schedule I substances under the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) of 1970. There are programs such as Expanded Access (EA) and federal Right‐to‐Try (RTT) legislation that can accommodate patient access to investigational drugs under certain circumstances, but these programs are not without their limits—particularly for Schedule I substances that do not currently have an accepted medical use per the CSA. It is in the clinical community's best interest to understand the administrative procedures, key court cases, and federal legislative initiatives related to these substances in order to make well‐informed decisions for themselves and their patients. Furthermore, understanding the administrative proceedings related to controlled substances will also allow subject matter experts to participate in and shape the policies governing such substances.