bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of swelling on the safety aspects of electric vehicle batteries – Short Review
Authors: Kalaikkanal K , Gobinath N , Mohan R 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In transportation sector, electric vehicles (EV) are found to offer more attentions due to its efficiency, pollution free, less maintenance over the conventional fuel-burnt vehicles. In EVs the cost, performance, and safety are all associated to its batteries. Among various types of batteries, lithium-ion battery (LIB) is predominantly used in EVs for its large energy density, long lifespan however safety of LIB is the daunting part. To overcome the catastrophic fault conditions of batteries different safety measures are employed in EVs. One of the accurate and viable methods to predict battery fault is observed to be the battery swelling effect. In the present work, various aspects of swelling effect on battery components for their safety measurements are discussed referring the very recent studies published in the literature. The key aspects of the work include physical and chemical properties; gas formation in battery under fault conditions; protective switch in order to improve and predict LIB safety.
Thermal Management of automobile batteries using Hybrid Cooling - A review
Authors: Vaidianathan Praveen , Shyamkumar M.B. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Batteries are one of the most important components in terms of running an electric vehicle. These batteries generate heat during their charging and discharging process. The performance of such batteries strongly depends on its operating temperature and thus cooling is very much essential for maintaining the battery temperature range between the lower value of 15° C and the higher value of 35° C. When the batteries are in zero charge, due to charging the batteries dissipate more heat due to which batteries can be overheated or even can explode. To keep the battery in an optimum working condition, it needs a proper system to operate it in a nominal temperature range. In this regard, the battery thermal management is very much required for improving the battery performance, their reliability, and thereby increasing the range of the vehicle. This thermal management is employed not only during the vehicle’s running conditions, but also during the charging of the battery. This review paper begins with the discussion on the different types of batteries employed in an electric vehicle, importance of cooling such batteries, different types of cooling and finally giving emphasis to hybrid cooling. Older researchers studied the PCM cooling and its advantages and disadvantages, but there is very little research related to hybrid cooling. So this article also emphasizes that the future research in employing Phase change materials for battery cooling must concentrate on their enhancement of thermal conductivity, thermal stability and inflammable properties.
GIS-based Valuation of Ecosystem Services in the Lower Delta Plain of West Bengal with Special Reference to Indian Sundarbans
Authors: Mitra S , Roy Chowdhury R , Saha A , Mukherjee K , Bhadra T 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Indian Sundarbans partly hosts the world’s largest mangrove forest and support the livelihood of almost five million people. The Holocene delta of Indian Sundarbans was formed by the river Ganges. The decay of the distributaries of the river Ganges in deltaic West Bengal began with the eastward avulsion of the river Ganges. The rivers of Sundarbans now stand disconnected from their sources and therefore do not get a significant amount of freshwater from upstreams. The people of Sundarbans depend on the services of the Sundarbans ecosystem which is directly linked to the upstream freshwater flow, rainfall and groundwater. The scarcity of freshwater during dry seasons, high salinity of surface water and soil, siltation and drainage congestion are major constraints on livelihood security in this area. The biodiversity of Sundarbans is also threatened by water stress. To ensure the sustainable conservation of the rich biodiversity and well-being of the people of Sundarbans, improving ecosystem services in the region is extremely essential. From this perspective, the present study aims to identify major flow-dependent ecosystem services in the region and estimate the value of those ecosystem services using geoinformatics. The land use land cover (LULC) maps have been prepared for the years 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020 from Landsat images for the valuation of major ecosystem services. Accuracy assessment has been performed using high-resolution satellite images and field data. Change detection analysis has been done to understand the changing land use pattern in the study area. The LULC-based valuation of the ecosystem services has been carried out for the years 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020. The area under each LULC class has been multiplied by the global Ecosystem Service Value (ESV) of that class to calculate the total ESV of the specific LULC class. The study reveals that the ESVs are the highest for freshwater bodies including rivers, and estuaries followed by forests. With the decreasing upstream freshwater flow and deteriorating mangrove health, the services of flow-dependent ecosystems have changed drastically.
Use of “Local Climate Zones” for Detecting Urban Heat Island: A Case Study of Kolkata Metropolitan Area, India
Authors: Bhowmick D , Mukherjee K , Dash P , Mondal R 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The land surface temperature (LST) increases both spatially and in magnitude as a result of rapid urbanization at the expense of the low radiative surface. This process modifies the urban climate which is attributable to a phenomenon recognized as the Urban Heat Island (UHI). By estimating LST, satellite remote sensing offers a cost-effective and time-saving methodology for spatio-temporal analyses of UHI. The limitation, however, is that urban and rural are becoming outmoded conceptions in landscape classification as a consequence of the high population density, particularly in countries like India. In densely populated regions, the countryside and the cities are no longer differentiated by a clear urban-rural divide. Thus, the traditional study of UHI can be enhanced by the adaptation of the newly developed “Local Climate Zones” (LCZ) characterization scheme based on building types and land cover characteristics. This LCZ mapping is an excellent method for categorizing urban areas associated with the most perceptible change in climate in urban areas, namely UHI. This paper aims to identify the LCZs dynamics over a decade from 2010 to 2020 in the Kolkata Metropolitan Area (KMA), the largest urban agglomeration in eastern India. The LCZ classification scheme has divided the landscapes into 17 conventional classes, 10 built-up classes, and 7 land cover classes that affect air temperature at a screen height of 1-2 meters above the ground. Each LCZ is distinguishable from another by its thermal property. Each of the classes will help to understand the nature of the local climates. It has thus become comparatively simple to estimate Urban Heat Island Intensity (UHII) with the help of the LCZ scheme. The paper explains the typical features of each LCZ of KMA and accomplishes a discussion on the efficiency of mapping UHII from LCZ classes.
Disparities in exposure and accessibility to health: A Spatial Assessment of Covid 19 Pandemic Situation of South Bengal
Authors: Chatterjee S 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Inequality and disparities of health is prevalent in a developing nation like India. The emergence of the Novel Corona virus has further aggravated this existing problem. The major issue that has been observed in dealing with the pandemic situation is the lack of facilities for testing and inadequate health infrastructure to support the huge population of this nation. This infrastructural deficiency has evidently become severe as we move away from the city areas. In this study, we have tried to assess this rural-urban disparity of health infrastructure in the settings of the COVID 19 pandemic situation. The study has been conducted to measure rural-urban disparities of eight districts i.e. Howrah, Hooghly, Kolkata, North 24 Parganas and South 24 Parganas concerning risk factors and access to health care infrastructure. To achieve the desired objectives, we have used a multidisciplinary technique incorporating statistical, GIS techniques, composite index with several aspects e.g., geographical coverage and sufficiency of COVID care and testing facilities (CCF, CTF), economic status of people, medical costs, and susceptibility to covid risk factors i.e., number of infected populations, and population density. A significant correlation between access to CCF and CTF and the proportion of urban inhabitants has been found, i.e., urban populations mostly enjoy better access to treatment and testing with dense CTFs and CCFs over space. The density and serviceability of care facilities over rural regions decrease with less urbanized areas. Urban areas are found to be at higher risk in terms of the number of active cases, population density. The study helps us to geo visualize the current COVID scenario of South Bengal in terms of regional disparities. This will help us identify the nearest testing and care facilities to any location within the study area and will be useful in mitigating infrastructural lacuna.
Spatio-temporal Analysis of Environmental Criticality: Planned Versus Unplanned Urbanization
Authors: Mallik R , Dikkila Bhutia K , Roy S , Nandi M , Dash P , Mukherjee K 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The economic boom in the Indian cities is causing rapid urban growth, mostly in an unplanned fashion. The growth of urban built-up is primarily taking place by replacing vegetation and other low radiative surfaces, increasing the magnitude and spatial extent of heat concentrations. The resulting phenomenal increase in temperature, known as Urban Heat Island (UHI), raises environmental criticality. Satellite remote sensing provides a breakthrough for monitoring the spatiotemporal variations of UHI by estimating Land Surface Temperature (LST) and surface biophysical parameters. The objective of this work is to compare the changing pattern of LST that resulted from urban growth and associated biophysical characteristics in a planned city (Kalyani city) and an unplanned city (Barasat city) in West Bengal, India from 2005 to 2019. Using Landsat data, the study retrieved summer LST along with the prepared vegetation index (NDVI) and built-up index (NDBI) for the years 2005 and 2019. The Environmental Criticality Index (ECI) was calculated for the periods from LST, NDVI, and NDBI datasets. The long-term (1988-2019) LST has been derived using the cloud computation technique to analyze the trend. Over the years, though the average LST of Kalyani is relatively high from Barasat, a rapid increase in LST is noticed for Barasat city. Between 2005 – 2019, the rapid unplanned growth in Barasat city has not only increased the LST but also raised the concern for environmental criticality as compared to Kalyani City. The correlation of LST with NDVI and NDBI suggests that urban heating is significantly controlled by the surface characteristics that need to modify through proper planning for urban sustainability. This study may assist planners, administrators, and researchers in decision-making.
Remark on the Farey fraction spin chain
Authors: Technau Marc 
Published: May 2023

Kleban and Özlük [Comm. Math. Phys. 203 (1999), pp. 635–647] introduced a ‘Farey fraction spin chain’ and made a conjecture regarding its asymptotic number of states with given energy, the latter being given (up to some normalisation) by the number

Φ
(
N
)

\Phi (N)

of

2

×

2

2{\times }2

matrices arising as products of

(

1

a
m
p
;
0

1

a
m
p
;
1

)

\bigl (\begin {smallmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 1 & 1 \end {smallmatrix}\bigr )

and

(

1

a
m
p
;
1

0

a
m
p
;
1

)

\bigl (\begin {smallmatrix} 1 & 1 \\ 0 & 1 \end {smallmatrix}\bigr )

whose trace equals

N
N

. Although their conjecture was disproved by Peter [J. Number Theory 90 (2001), pp. 265–280], quite precise results are known on average by works of Kallies–Özlük–Peter–Snyder [Comm. Math. Phys. 203 (1999), pp. 635–647], Boca [J. Reine Angew. Math. 606 (2007), pp. 149–165] and Ustinov [Mat. Sb. 204 (2013), pp. 143–160].

We show that the problem of estimating

Φ
(
N
)

\Phi (N)

can be reduced to a problem on divisors of quadratic polynomials which was already solved by Hooley [Math. Z. 69 (1958), pp. 211–227] in a special case and, quite recently, in full generality by Bykovskiĭ and Ustinov [Dokl. Math. 99 (2019), pp. 195–200]. This produces an unconditional estimate for

Φ
(
N
)

\Phi (N)

, which hitherto was only (implicitly) known, conditionally on the availability on wide zero-free regions for certain Dirichlet

L
L

-functions, by the work of Kallies–Özlük–Peter–Snyder.
The nature and extent of outdoor alcohol marketing in Wellington, New Zealand: a longitudinal audit and spatio-temporal analysis of outdoor alcohol marketing
Authors: Chambers Tim , Royds Timothy , Jones Amanda C 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Aim
exposure to alcohol marketing is associated with increased consumption. We aimed to (i) measure the nature and extent of outdoor alcohol marketing within a high-density urban neighbourhood and (ii) examine temporal and spatial trends in alcohol marketing.

Methods
this study used a longitudinal design to monitor paid advertising in public spaces over two 10-week periods in Wellington, New Zealand (Nov-Jan 2020–2021, Nov-Jan 2021–2022). The data were collected on-foot following an established route once a week using a phone camera, which also recorded gps data of ad locations. Temporal and spatial trends in alcohol ad prevalence were assessed.

Results
over the study period, 13% (n = 1619) of all ads (n = 12,472) were for alcohol. Alcohol ads were predominately for spirits (29%), ready-to-drink (27%) and beer (23%). Almost half of all alcohol ads (49%) did not contain a responsible consumption message, while those with a message were de-emphasized relative to promotional features. A temporal trend was observed in 2020, whereby alcohol marketing decreased over the summer, but this trend was not reflected in 2021. Alcohol ads were more likely than non-alcohol ads to be placed in premium positions on roads of high pedestrian and motor vehicle traffic.

Conclusion
alcohol marketing is common in urban centres. Local and central government policy could substantially reduce the levels of alcohol marketing exposure via outdoor marketing.
Context Synthesis Accelerates Vocabulary Learning Through Reading: The Implication of Distributional Semantic Theory on Second Language Vocabulary Research
Authors: Wang-Kildegaard Bowen , Ji Feng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Besides explicit inference of word meanings, associating words with diverse contexts may be a key mechanism underlying vocabulary learning through reading. Drawing from distributional semantic theory, we developed a text modification method called reflash to facilitate both word-context association and explicit inference. Using a set of left and right arrows, learners can jump to a target word’s previous or subsequent occurrences in digital books to synthesize clues across contexts. Participants read stories with target words modified by reflash-only, gloss-only, gloss + reflash, or unmodified. Learning outcomes were measured via Vocabulary Knowledge Scale and a researcher-developed interview to probe word-context association. We modeled the learning trajectories of words across five weeks among three adolescent L2 English learners (113 word-learner pairings) using Bayesian multilevel models. We found that reflash-only words made more gains than words in other conditions on both outcomes, controlling for key covariates such as types of existing knowledge. Our analysis also revealed that context synthesis may be particularly useful for learning specific types of words like homonyms, which has significant pedagogical implications.
Be-1DCNN: a neural network model for chromatin loop prediction based on bagging ensemble learning
Authors: Wu Hao , Zhou Bing , Zhou Haoru , Zhang Pengyu , Wang Meili 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The chromatin loops in the three-dimensional (3D) structure of chromosomes are essential for the regulation of gene expression. Despite the fact that high-throughput chromatin capture techniques can identify the 3D structure of chromosomes, chromatin loop detection utilizing biological experiments is arduous and time-consuming. Therefore, a computational method is required to detect chromatin loops. Deep neural networks can form complex representations of Hi-C data and provide the possibility of processing biological datasets. Therefore, we propose a bagging ensemble one-dimensional convolutional neural network (Be-1DCNN) to detect chromatin loops from genome-wide Hi-C maps. First, to obtain accurate and reliable chromatin loops in genome-wide contact maps, the bagging ensemble learning method is utilized to synthesize the prediction results of multiple 1DCNN models. Second, each 1DCNN model consists of three 1D convolutional layers for extracting high-dimensional features from input samples and one dense layer for producing the prediction results. Finally, the prediction results of Be-1DCNN are compared to those of the existing models. The experimental results indicate that Be-1DCNN predicts high-quality chromatin loops and outperforms the state-of-the-art methods using the same evaluation metrics. The source code of Be-1DCNN is available for free at https://github.com/HaoWuLab-Bioinformatics/Be1DCNN.
Learning to work in certain ways: bureaucratic literacies and community-based volunteering in the Philippines
Authors: Millora Chris 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Concerns have emerged of how the professionalization agenda in the development sector may water down the ‘spirit of volunteerism’ that thrives on community initiative, informality, and flexibility. This paper explores the role of literacy and learning practices in the bureaucratization of community development drawing from an ethnography of local volunteering in the Philippines. Through literacy practices such as preparing community health classes, making budget plans, and writing to government institutions, volunteers were inducted into ‘bureaucratic’ ways of working that, at times, clashed with their expectations and practices of volunteering that were founded on community building, solidarity, and agency. While volunteering could be seen as a means for community participation in development, findings in this paper signal that the formalization and bureaucratization of grassroots volunteer groups may shift the intended community dynamics and volunteers’ expectations, practices, and identities.
Vaccination Status and Trends in Adult Coronavirus Disease 2019–Associated Hospitalizations by Race and Ethnicity: March 2020–August 2022
Authors: Ko Jean Y , Pham Huong , Anglin Onika , Chai Shua J , Alden Nisha B , Meek James , Anderson Evan J , Weigel Andy , Kohrman Alexander , Lynfield Ruth , Rudin Dominic , Barney Grant , Bennett Nancy M , Billing Laurie M , Sutton Melissa , Talbot H Keipp , Swain Ashley , Havers Fiona P , Taylor Christopher A ,   COVID-NET Surveillance Team, Kirley Pam Daily , Kawasaki Breanna , Yousey-Hindes Kimberly , Openo Kyle P , Henderson Justin , Bye Erica , Nkouaga Florent , Spina Nancy , Bushey Sophrena , Shiltz Eli , Abdullah Nasreen , Schaffner William , Price Andrea 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
We sought to determine whether race/ethnicity disparities in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes persist in the era of vaccination.

Methods
Population-based age-adjusted monthly rate ratios (RRs) of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19–associated hospitalizations were calculated among adult patients from the COVID-19–Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network, March 2020 - August 2022 by race/ethnicity. Among randomly sampled patients July 2021 - August 2022, RRs for hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and in-hospital mortality were calculated for Hispanic, Black, American Indian/Alaskan Native (AI/AN), and Asian/Pacific Islander (API) persons vs White persons.

Results
Based on data from 353 807 patients, hospitalization rates were higher among Hispanic, Black, and AI/AN vs White persons March 2020 - August 2022, yet the magnitude declined over time (for Hispanic persons, RR = 6.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.5–7.1 in June 2020 vs RR &lt; 2.0 after July 2021; for AI/AN persons, RR = 8.4; 95% CI, 8.2–8.7 in May 2020 vs RR &lt; 2.0 after March 2022; and for Black persons RR = 5.3; 95% CI, 4.6–4.9 in July 2020 vs RR &lt; 2.0 after February 2022; all P ≤ .001). Among 8706 sampled patients July 2021 - August 2022, hospitalization and ICU admission RRs were higher for Hispanic, Black, and AI/AN patients (range for both, 1.4–2.4) and lower for API (range for both, 0.6–0.9) vs White patients. All other race and ethnicity groups had higher in-hospital mortality rates vs White persons (RR range, 1.4–2.9).

Conclusions
Race/ethnicity disparities in COVID-19–associated hospitalizations declined but persist in the era of vaccination. Developing strategies to ensure equitable access to vaccination and treatment remains important.
Incidence of arrhythmias post acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (MI) in the modern era
Authors: Chung I 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Background
Current data on arrhythmic risks after acute ST-elevation MI in the modern era of early revascularization in the Asian population are limited.

Objective
To investigate the incidence of arrhythmias after acute ST elevation MI in a contemporary cohort of Chinese patients in the era of early revascularization and secondary prevention treatment.

Method
394 patients admitted with ST elevation MI who under emergency revascularization to our hopsital from 01/01/2018 to 31/12/2019, 88 % male, mean age of men and women 68.07 ± 13.13 and 58.66 ± 12.42 respectively, diabetes mellitus 40%, hypertension 72%, hyperlipidaemia 78%, previous ischaemic heart disease or stroke 10%, smoker 65%, mean follow up of 577 ± 118 days. Pain to needle time (onset of chest pain to primary angioplasty) 4.88 ± 4.60 hours. 130 patients had left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤35%, mean LVEF 29.74 ± 5.95 % improved to 39.85 ± 10.13% (p&lt;0.001) after 6 months.

Results
12 deaths, 8 non- arrhythmic cause, 1 cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation and 3 of unknown causes. Risk of arrhythmic death/death of unknown cause and atrial fibrillation (AF) is 0.64% vs 2.4% per year respectively. 14 patients developed atrial fibrillation, 11 and 3 in men and women respectively (p=0.433). 7 AF occurred at day 1, 5 at day 2 and 2 at day 3 post MI.

Conclusion
The arrhythmic risks after acute myocardial infarction in the modern era of early revascularization in the Asian population is lower than previously reported. AF is the commonest arrhythmia post ST elevation MI and 86% occurred within 48 hours may be due to ischaemia and inflammation. Women presented 10 years later than men and there is no significant difference in the incidence of AF.