bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frailty Among Sexual and Gender Minority Older Adults: The All of Us Database
Authors: Wong Chelsea N , Wilczek Michael P , Smith Louisa H , Bosse Jordon D , Richard Erin L , Cavanaugh Robert , Manjourides Justin , Orkaby Ariela R , Olivieri-Mui Brianne 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Despite known disparities in health status among older sexual and gender minority adults (OSGM), the prevalence of frailty is unknown. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a deficit-accumulation frailty index (AoU-FI) for the All of Us database to describe and compare frailty between OSGM and non-OSGM participants.

Methods
Developed using a standardized approach, the AoU-FI consists of 33 deficits from baseline survey responses of adults aged 50+. OSGM were self-reported as “not straight” or as having discordant gender and sex assigned at birth. Descriptive statistics characterized the AoU-FI. Regression was used to assess the association between frailty, age, and gender. Validation of the AoU-FI used Cox proportional hazard models to test the association between frailty categories (robust &lt;0.15, 0.15 ≤ pre-frail ≤ 0.25, frail &gt;0.25) and mortality.

Results
There were 9 110 OSGM and 67 420 non-OSGM with sufficient data to calculate AoU-FI; 41% OSGM versus 50% non-OSGM were robust, whereas 34% versus 32% were pre-frail, and 26% versus 19% were frail. Mean AoU-FI was 0.19 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.187, 0.191) for OSGM and 0.168 (95% CI: 0.167, 0.169) for non-OSGM. Compared to robust, odds of mortality were higher among frail OSGM (odds ratio [OR] 6.40; 95% CI: 1.84, 22.23) and non-OSGM (OR 3.96; 95% CI: 2.96, 5.29).

Conclusions
The AoU-FI identified a higher burden of frailty, increased risk of mortality, and an attenuated impact of age on frailty among OSGM compared to non-OSGM. Future work is needed to understand how frailty affects the OSGM population.
Bidirectional Association Between Multimorbidity and Frailty and the Role of Depression in Older Europeans
Authors: Feng Zhaolong , Ma Ze , Hu Wei , He Qida , Li Tongxing , Chu Jiadong , Chen Xuanli , Han Qiang , Sun Na , Shen Yueping 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Although previous studies have reported an association between multimorbidity and frailty, its direction and mechanism remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the direction of this association, as well as the role of depression among older Europeans.

Methods
We used a cross-lagged panel design to evaluate the temporal relationship between multimorbidity and frailty and the role of depression. Multimorbidity status was assessed by the self-reporting of 14 chronic diseases. Frailty was assessed based on the frailty phenotype. The European-Depression Scale (EURO-D) was used to assess depression.

Results
There was a bidirectional relationship between frailty and multimorbidity. More severe multimorbidity predicted greater frailty (β = 0.159; p &lt; .001) and vice versa (β = 0.107; p &lt; .001). All paths from multimorbidity to frailty were stronger than the paths from frailty to multimorbidity (b1–a1: β = 0.051; p &lt; .001). Likewise, early multimorbidity change was a significant predictive factor for late frailty change (β = 0.064; p &lt; .001) and vice versa (β = 0.048; p &lt; .001). Depression in Wave 5 (T5) mediated the association between frailty in Wave 4 (T4) and multimorbidity in Wave 6 (T6; indirect effect: β = 0.004; bootstrap 95% confidence interval: 0.003, 0.006).

Conclusions
A positive, bidirectional association was observed between multimorbidity and frailty. Depression may be a potential cause of an increased risk of multimorbidity later in life in frail older adults. Early monitoring of frailty and depression may slow the progression of multimorbidity, thereby interrupting the vicious cycle.
Flow evaporation heat transfer of liquefied natural gas in a spiral pipe based on fluid coupling
Authors: Liu Zhongfei , Ding Yang , Wang Fang , Ding Shumin , Wang Shiyuan , Zhang Zhenzhen , Li Yunding , Guo Wenliang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In the extraction and usage of liquefied natural gas (LNG) cold energy, the heat transfer research of cryogenic fluid in spiral coil is mostly under the simplified condition of constant boundary temperature or constant heat flux density. This paper focuses on the actual situation of fluid–fluid coupling heat transfer in spiral coil. Under the condition of variable physical parameters, computational fluid dynamics numerical analysis is carried out on the non-customized numerical model through the Realizable k-ε turbulence model, and the influence of LNG flow and evaporation heat transfer characteristics in spiral coil is studied by changing the heat transfer structure. The results show that the heat transfer under non-constant boundary conditions is more in line with the actual heat transfer, and the spiral radius has the greatest influence on the heat transfer coefficient. When the spiral radius increases from 40 to 100 mm, the heat transfer coefficient decreases by 60.14%.
Role Theory in Practice: US–Turkey Relations in Their Worst Decade
Authors: Özdamar Özgür 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Academic and policy debates on alliances are yet to incorporate insights from foreign policy analysis (FPA) literature. Generally, bilateral relations between allies are either analyzed with insights from traditional IR theories (such as realism) or with policy-oriented work that does not engage any scholarly literature (focusing on only the day-to-day issues of international politics). I argue that FPA theories that make linkages between scholarly work and policy-oriented questions in an evidence-based and analytical fashion are capable of accounting for the most significant policy questions of modern international politics. This article analyzes US–Turkey relations in, arguably, their worst decade, with a role theoretic outlook. I claim that despite being close political and military allies since the 1940s, US–Turkey bilateral relations are witnessing their worst decade since the Arab uprisings in the MENA, due mostly to ideational factors that shape foreign policy. The conflictual relations originate from a change in US and Turkish foreign policy-makers’ role conceptualizations vis-à-vis their countries’ roles in the MENA region after the Arab uprisings and the role conflict this has caused with one another. Misaligned interests during the Arab uprisings, especially after 2014 in the Syrian civil war, have exacerbated the bilateral ties further. Drawing insights from elite interviews conducted in Turkey (2014–2016), Washington DC, and Ankara (2018–2020), I explain the sources of conflict in US–Turkey relations with a role theory perspective and offer policy prescriptions in conclusion.
Non-State Participation in International Organizations 1998–2017: Introducing a New Dataset
Authors: Vikberg Carl 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In recent decades, one of the most prominent trends in global governance has been the increasing openness of international organizations (IOs) toward non-state actors (NSAs). As participants in the policymaking bodies of IOs, NSAs have become important actors in global governance, providing policy-relevant information to decision makers, representing constituency interests, and ultimately, influencing policies. Yet to date, we have little systematic comparative knowledge about the NSAs that participate in IO bodies. This article introduces the Non-State Participation in International Organizations (N-PINION) dataset, which maps NSA participant populations across eighty one policymaking bodies in twenty four global IOs between 1998 and 2017. The dataset provides indicators on the density, diversity, and volatility of NSA populations, available yearly across IO bodies. These indicators provide potential dependent and independent variables for scholars interested in a wide variety of research questions relating to the drivers, consequences, and normative merits of NSA participation in IOs.
How Religious Are “Religious” Conflicts?
Authors: Tabaar Mohammad Ayatollahi , Huang Reyko , Chandra Kanchan , Finkel Evgeny , Nielsen Richard A , Revkin Mara Redlich , Vogt Manuel , Wood Elisabeth Jean 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Despite significant advances in our understanding of the politics of religious ideology and identity across time and space, scholars disagree on how to conceptualize “religious” conflicts and “religious” actors, and how to infer religious motivations from actors’ behavior. This Forum brings together scholars with diverse research agendas to weigh in on conceptual, methodological, and ethical questions surrounding the study of contemporary religious conflicts. We ask: How do we know when individuals and groups are acting on religious, as opposed to other, motivations? To what extent can analysts rely on actors’ own claims about their motivations? How does the “secular bias” affect scholarly research on religion and conflict? Is there a bias over which conflicts and actors come to be labeled and coded as “religious” by scholars, policymakers, and the media? The Forum fosters a debate aimed at identifying gaps within and between academic research and policy as well as media analyses on religion and political violence. The contributors examine contradictory conclusions by academics and policy analysts rooted in diverging assumptions and arguments about “religious” actors, “religious” motivations, and “religious” conflicts. The Forum proposes some ways for scholars to overcome these challenges as well as offers implications for policymakers and journalists who shape the public discourse.
Effects of different host plants on the growth, development, and fecundity of Phthorimaea absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae): an evaluation based on the age-stage two-sex life table
Authors: Jiang Zhengxiong , Yang Guiqun , Zhang Jinlong , Chen Guohua , Hu Changxiong , Chen Heng , Zhang Xiaoming 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the growth and development parameters of Phthorimaea absoluta (Meyrick) population at each stage when feeding on 4 host plants: Lycopersicon esculentum, Solanum tuberosum, Solanum melongena, and Nicotiana tabacum. The objective was to predict population dynamics and develop appropriate control strategies. The age-stage sex-life table was used to evaluate survival rate, fecundity, life expectancy, reproductive value, population parameters, and population growth prediction of P. absoluta after feeding on the 4 Solanaceae plants. The results showed significant variations in the fecundity parameters of P. absoluta among the different host plants. The L. esculentum population exhibited the highest average egg-laying period (13.17 ± 0.61 days) and average egg production (219.31 ± 21.02 eggs), while N. tabacum had the lowest values (4.56 ± 0.26 days and 26.08 ± 2.53 eggs, respectively). The gross reproduction rate of P. absoluta feeding on L. esculentum was 146.43 ± 21.00, which was 1.80, 3.77, and 6.39 times higher compared to S. tuberosum, S. melongena, and N. tabacum, respectively. The average age period and population doubling time of P. absoluta feeding on L. esculentum were lower than those of the other 3 host plants. These results indicated that while P. absoluta can complete a generation on L. esculentum, S. tuberosum, S. melongena, and N. tabacum, L. esculentum is the most suitable host for its growth and development. Therefore, in the occurrence and adjacent areas of P. absoluta, relevant authorities should promptly monitor and control its population in the planting areas of Solanaceae plants to prevent further spread.
Pandit Radheshyam’s Ramayan: A sourcebook for Ramlila scripts in the orbit of Bareilly
Authors: Lothspeich Pamela 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This essay recognizes the critical but largely unacknowledged role of the Radheshyam Ramayan in the theatre of Ramlila, which enacts the story of Ram in an annual, multi-day fall festival. Further, this essay illustrates the range of ways the text has been incorporated into Ramlila productions in the orbit of Bareilly, the homeland of the author, Pandit Radheshyam Kathavachak (1890–1963). Since the work was first published serially circa 1908-1924, Ramlila organisers have often turned to it for stirring dialogues, and a narrative template for the plotting of their productions. Based on the author’s participant observation and extensive interviews conducted between 2006 and 2019, this essay argues that the dialogues and plotting in Ramlila productions in the vicinity of Bareilly often owe more to Pandit Radheshyam’s Ramayan than to any other source, including Tulsidas’s sixteenth-century Rāmcaritmānas, despite the fact that the Radheshyam Ramayan was composed for the medium of Vaishnav kathā (devotional storytelling), not Ramlila.
Image response regression via deep neural networks
Authors: Zhang Daiwei , Li Lexin , Sripada Chandra , Kang Jian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Delineating associations between images and covariates is a central aim of imaging studies. To tackle this problem, we propose a novel non-parametric approach in the framework of spatially varying coefficient models, where the spatially varying functions are estimated through deep neural networks. Our method incorporates spatial smoothness, handles subject heterogeneity, and provides straightforward interpretations. It is also highly flexible and accurate, making it ideal for capturing complex association patterns. We establish estimation and selection consistency and derive asymptotic error bounds. We demonstrate the method’s advantages through intensive simulations and analyses of two functional magnetic resonance imaging data sets.
How transnational rules can contribute to the improvement of the Brazilian regulatory system for unitization—an analysis under the transnational legal order perspective
Authors: Braga Luciana Palmeira , Pinto Helder Queiroz , David Olavo Bentes 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Unitization is the most effective method to avoid irrational, wasteful and environmentally unsustainable production of oil and natural gas. Therefore, it is important to notice that unitization is a complex practice. It is effective for the equitable production division of a deposit shared by different owners. However, compulsory membership can result in costly negotiation and make exploration and production projects less attractive. In the pre-salt, the most productive Brazilian oil province, unitization processes are common and even more complex due to the following factors: (i) there are three different tax regimes in the pre-salt polygon; (ii) when the reservoir is shared with an area not granted yet (referred to as an open area), the Brazilian regulation establishes that the unitization process must be carried out with the public company, Pré-sal Petróleo S.A., representing the Government; (iii) moreover, due to the high productivity of the pre-salt layer, the financial values involved in this process are substantial, even with a participation of less than 1 per cent in the shared reservoir. Brazil established a robust regulation on unitization in 2013, which was amended in 2017 and, again, in 2020. This demonstrates that the regulatory improvement process, in the search for a more efficient regulation—that balances the attraction of investments and protection of the public interest—is continuous. This article proposes that in this process of regulatory improvement, good international petroleum industry practices (good practices), contractual models drawn up by industry associations and codes of conduct shall be used as a reference. These non-state rules, which are the result of self-regulation by the upstream sector of the oil industry, will be considered in this article as transnational rules, following the approach of Halliday and Shaffer, who propose the existence of a transnational legal order.
YLC-assembly: large DNA assembly via yeast life cycle
Authors: He Bo , Ma Yuan , Tian Fangfang , Zhao Guang-Rong , Wu Yi , Yuan Ying-Jin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
As an enabling technique of synthetic biology, the scale of DNA assembly largely determines the scale of genetic manipulation. However, large DNA assembly technologies are generally cumbersome and inefficient. Here, we developed a YLC (yeast life cycle)-assembly method that enables in vivo iterative assembly of large DNA by nesting cell-cell transfer of assembled DNA in the cycle of yeast mating and sporulation. Using this method, we successfully assembled a hundred-kilobase (kb)-sized endogenous yeast DNA and a megabase (Mb)-sized exogenous DNA. For each round, over 104 positive colonies per 107 cells could be obtained, with an accuracy ranging from 67% to 100%. Compared with other Mb-sized DNA assembly methods, this method exhibits a higher success rate with an easy-to-operate workflow that avoid in vitro operations of large DNA. YLC-assembly lowers the technical difficulty of Mb-sized DNA assembly and could be a valuable tool for large-scale genome engineering and synthetic genomics.
Characterization of RNA driven structural changes in full length RIG-I leading to its agonism or antagonism
Authors: Sikorska Justyna , Hou Yan , Chiurazzi Paul , Siu Tony , Baltus Gretchen A , Sheth Payal , McLaren David G , Truong Quang , Parish Craig A , Wyss Daniel F 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
RIG-I (retinoic acid inducible gene-I) can sense subtle differences between endogenous and viral RNA in the cytoplasm, triggering an anti-viral immune response through induction of type I interferons (IFN) and other inflammatory mediators. Multiple crystal and cryo-EM structures of RIG-I suggested a mechanism in which the C-terminal domain (CTD) is responsible for the recognition of viral RNA with a 5′-triphoshate modification, while the CARD domains serve as a trigger for downstream signaling, leading to the induction of type I IFN. However, to date contradicting conclusions have been reached around the role of ATP in the mechanism of the CARD domains ejection from RIG-I’s autoinhibited state. Here we present an application of NMR spectroscopy to investigate changes induced by the binding of 5′-triphosphate and 5′-OH dsRNA, both in the presence and absence of nucleotides, to full length RIG-I with all its methionine residues selectively labeled (Met-[ϵ-13CH3]). With this approach we were able to identify residues on the CTD, helicase domain, and CARDs that served as probes to sense RNA-induced conformational changes in those respective regions. Our results were analyzed in the context of either agonistic or antagonistic RNAs, by and large supporting a mechanism proposed by the Pyle Lab in which CARD release is primarily dependent on the RNA binding event.
Risk Factors for SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Severe Outcomes Among People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Cohort Study
Authors: Hanna John J , Geresu Liyu B , Diaz Marlon I , Ho Milan , Casazza Julia A , Pickering Madison A , Lanier Heather D , Radunsky Alexander P , Cooper Lauren N , Saleh Sameh N , Bedimo Roger J , Most Zachary M , Perl Trish M , Lehmann Christoph U , Turer Robert W , Chow Jeremy Y , Medford Richard J 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Studies on COVID-19 in people with HIV (PWH) have had limitations. Further investigations on risk factors and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection among PWH are needed.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study leveraged the national OPTUM COVID-19 data set to investigate factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 positivity among PWH and risk factors for severe outcomes, including hospitalization, intensive care unit stays, and death. A subset analysis was conducted to examine HIV-specific variables. Multiple variable logistic regression was used to adjust for covariates.

Results
Of 43 173 PWH included in this study, 6472 had a positive SARS-CoV-2 result based on a polymerase chain reaction test or antigen test. For PWH with SARS-CoV-2 positivity, higher odds were found for those who were younger (18–49 years), Hispanic White, African American, from the US South, uninsured, and a noncurrent smoker and had a higher body mass index and higher Charlson Comorbidity Index. For PWH with severe outcomes, higher odds were identified for those who were SARS-CoV-2 positive, older, from the US South, receiving Medicaid/Medicare or uninsured, a current smoker, and underweight and had a higher Charlson Comorbidity Index. In a subset analysis including PWH with HIV care variables (n = 5098), those with unsuppressed HIV viral load, a low CD4 count, and no antiretroviral therapy had higher odds of severe outcomes.

Conclusions
This large US study found significant ethnic, racial, and geographic differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection among PWH. Chronic comorbidities, older age, lower body mass index, and smoking were associated with severe outcomes among PWH during the COVID-19 pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with severe outcomes, but once we adjusted for HIV care variables, SARS-CoV-2 was no longer significant; however, low CD4 count, high viral load, and lack of antiretroviral therapy had higher odds of severe outcomes.
Estimating body weight and body condition score of mature beef cows using depth images
Authors: Xiong Yijie , Condotta Isabella C F S , Musgrave Jacki A , Brown-Brandl Tami M , Mulliniks J Travis 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Obtaining accurate body weight (BW) is crucial for management decisions yet can be a challenge for cow–calf producers. Fast-evolving technologies such as depth sensing have been identified as low-cost sensors for agricultural applications but have not been widely validated for U.S. beef cattle. This study aimed to (1) estimate the body volume of mature beef cows from depth images, (2) quantify BW and metabolic weight (MBW) from image-projected body volume, and (3) classify body condition scores (BCS) from image-obtained measurements using a machine-learning-based approach. Fifty-eight crossbred cows with a mean BW of 410.0 ± 60.3 kg and were between 4 and 6 yr of age were used for data collection between May and December 2021. A low-cost, commercially available depth sensor was used to collect top-view depth images. Images were processed to obtain cattle biometric measurements, including MBW, body length, average height, maximum body width, dorsal area, and projected body volume. The dataset was partitioned into training and testing datasets using an 80%:20% ratio. Using the training dataset, linear regression models were developed between image-projected body volume and BW measurements. Results were used to test BW predictions for the testing dataset. A machine-learning-based multivariate analysis was performed with 29 algorithms from eight classifiers to classify BCS using multiple inputs conveniently obtained from the cows and the depth images. A feature selection algorithm was performed to rank the relevance of each input to the BCS. Results demonstrated a strong positive correlation between the image-projected cow body volume and the measured BW (r = 0.9166). The regression between the cow body volume and the measured BW had a co-efficient of determination (R2) of 0.83 and a 19.2 ± 13.50 kg mean absolute error (MAE) of prediction. When applying the regression to the testing dataset, an increase in the MAE of the predicted BW (22.7 ± 13.44 kg) but a slightly improved R2 (0.8661) was noted. Among all algorithms, the Bagged Tree model in the Ensemble class had the best performance and was used to classify BCS. Classification results demonstrate the model failed to predict any BCS lower than 4.5, while it accurately classified the BCS with a true prediction rate of 60%, 63.6%, and 50% for BCS between 4.75 and 5, 5.25 and 5.5, and 5.75 and 6, respectively. This study validated using depth imaging to accurately predict BW and classify BCS of U.S. beef cow herds.