bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in the effects of a startle stimulus on rate of force development between resistance‐trained rock climbers and untrained individuals: Evidence for reticulospinal adaptations?
Authors: Colomer‐Poveda David , López‐Rivera Eva , Hortobágyi Tibor , Márquez Gonzalo , Fernández‐Del‐Olmo Miguel 
Published: March 2023

The aim of the present cross‐sectional study was to determine if chronic rock climbing and climbing‐specific resistance training (RT) would modify the reticulospinal tract (RST) efficacy. Sixteen healthy, elite level climbers (CL; n = 16, 5 F; 29.8 ± 6.7 years) with 12 ± 7 years of climbing and climbing‐specific RT experience and 15 healthy recreationally active participants (CON; n = 15, 4 F; 24.6 ± 5.9 years), volunteered for the study. We quantified RST efficacy by comparing the effects of a startle stimulus over reaction time (Rtime) and measured rate of force development (RFD) and surface electromyography (sEMG) in representative muscles during powerful hand grip contractions. Both groups performed two Rtime tasks while performing rapid, powerful gripping with the right hand (Task 1) or during 3‐s‐long maximal voluntary right hand grip contractions in response to an imperative visual signal alone (V), or combined with a auditory‐non startle stimulus (A) or/and startling auditory stimulus (S). We also tested the reproducibility of these responses on two separate days in CON. Intersession reliability ranged from 0.34 to 0.96 for all variables. The CL versus CON was 37% stronger (p = 0.003). The S stimulus decreased Rtime and increased RFD and sEMG in both groups during both tasks (all p < 0.001). Rtime was similar between groups in all conditions. However, CL had a greater RFD from 50 to 100 ms compared with CON only after the S stimulus in both tasks (p < 0.05, d = 0.85–0.96). The data tentatively suggest that chronic rock climbing and climbing‐specific RT might improve RST efficacy, by increasing RST input to the α‐motoneurons.
Unparallel improvement patterns of dynamic wrinkles and skin quality after botulinum toxin type A treatment on the upper face
Authors: Sun Yixin , Li Yunzhu , Zhang Yixuan , Dong Ruijia , Lan Xinze , Zhang Mengyuan , Yu Nanze , Long Xiao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundBotulinum toxin type A (BoNT‐A) can not only reduce the dynamic wrinkles but also improve the skin quality. This study aims to quantitaively and comprehensively assess the improvement of dynamic wrinkles and skin quality following BoNT‐A treatment on the upper face.MethodsPatients were recruited to receive BoNT‐A treatment of the glabellar, frontal, and lateral periorbital wrinkles. Antera 3D camera was used to evaluate the skin quality and dynamic wrinkle severity. Follow‐up visits were at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after treatment. Different filters were utilized to quantitatively detect the severity of fine wrinkles (FWS), the volume of pores (PV), the roughness of skin texture (STR), and the severity of dynamic wrinkles (DWS).ResultsTwenty‐four participants (average 30.5 ± 7.2 years) were recruited. The significant improvement of PV, FWS, and STR in different areas usually maintained from 1 to 6 months after injections but of DWS only existed within 3 months. For each area, the improvement rates of FWS, PV, and STR peaked at 3 months or 6 months after treatment while the maximal improvement of DWS was observed at 1 month posttreatment.ConclusionAfter BoNT‐A treatment for dynamic wrinkles on the upper face, the skin quality of target regions can also be ameliorated. The improvement of skin quality and dynamic wrinkles presented unparallel patterns. The former is with a slower onset but longer duration while the latter exhibits a more rapid onset but shorter duration.
Tracing 100 million years of grass genome evolutionary plasticity
Authors: Bellec Arnaud , Sow Mamadou Dia , Pont Caroline , Civan Peter , Mardoc Emile , Duchemin Wandrille , Armisen David , Huneau Cécile , Thévenin Johanne , Vernoud Vanessa , Depège‐Fargeix Nathalie , Maunas Laurent , Escale Brigitte , Dubreucq Bertrand , Rogowsky Peter , Bergès Hélène , Salse Jerome 
Published: March 2023

SUMMARYGrasses derive from a family of monocotyledonous plants that includes crops of major economic importance such as wheat, rice, sorghum and barley, sharing a common ancestor some 100 million years ago. The genomic attributes of plant adaptation remain obscure and the consequences of recurrent whole genome duplications (WGD) or polyploidization events, a major force in plant evolution, remain largely speculative. We conducted a comparative analysis of omics data from ten grass species to unveil structural (inversions, fusions, fissions, duplications, substitutions) and regulatory (expression and methylation) basis of genome plasticity, as possible attributes of plant long lasting evolution and adaptation. The present study demonstrates that diverged polyploid lineages sharing a common WGD event often present the same patterns of structural changes and evolutionary dynamics, but these patterns are difficult to generalize across independent WGD events as a result of non‐WGD factors such as selection and domestication of crops. Polyploidy is unequivocally linked to the evolutionary success of grasses during the past 100 million years, although it remains difficult to attribute this success to particular genomic consequences of polyploidization, suggesting that polyploids harness the potential of genome duplication, at least partially, in lineage‐specific ways. Overall, the present study clearly demonstrates that post‐polyploidization reprogramming is more complex than traditionally reported in investigating single species and calls for a critical and comprehensive comparison across independently polyploidized lineages.
THz induced giant spin and valley currents
Authors: Sharma Sangeeta , Elliott Peter , Shallcross Samuel 
Published: March 2023

Spin and valley indices represent the key quantum labels of quasi-particles in a wide class of two-dimensional materials and form the foundational elements of the fields of spintronics and valleytronics. Control over these degrees of freedom, therefore, remains the central challenge in these fields. Here, we show that femtosecond laser light combining optical frequency circularly polarized pulse and a terahertz (THz) frequency linearly polarized pulse, a so-called “hencomb” pulse, can generate precisely tailored and 90% pure spin currents for the dichalcogenide WSe
2
and >75% pure valley currents for bilayer graphene with gaps greater than 120 millielectron volts (dephasing time, 20 femtoseconds). The frequency of the circular light component and the polarization vector of the THz light component are shown to represent the key control parameters of these pulses. Our results thus open a route toward light control over spin/valley current states at ultrafast times.
Comparative effectiveness of BNT162b2 versus mRNA-1273 covid-19 vaccine boosting in England: matched cohort study in OpenSAFELY-TPP
Authors: Hulme William J , Horne Elsie M F , Parker Edward P K , Keogh Ruth H , Williamson Elizabeth J , Walker Venexia , Palmer Tom M , Curtis Helen J , Walker Alex J , Andrews Colm D , Mehrkar Amir , Morley Jessica , MacKenna Brian , Bacon Sebastian C J , Goldacre Ben , Hernán Miguel A , Sterne Jonathan A C 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective
To compare the effectiveness of the BNT162b2 mRNA (Pfizer-BioNTech) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna) covid-19 vaccines during the booster programme in England.

Design
Matched cohort study, emulating a comparative effectiveness trial.

Setting
Linked primary care, hospital, and covid-19 surveillance records available within the OpenSAFELY-TPP research platform, covering a period when the SARS-CoV-2 delta and omicron variants were dominant.

Participants
3 237 918 adults who received a booster dose of either vaccine between 29 October 2021 and 25 February 2022 as part of the national booster programme in England and who received a primary course of BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1.

Intervention
Vaccination with either BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 as a booster vaccine dose.

Main outcome measures
Recorded SARS-CoV-2 positive test, covid-19 related hospital admission, covid-19 related death, and non-covid-19 related death at 20 weeks after receipt of the booster dose.

Results
1 618 959 people were matched in each vaccine group, contributing a total 64 546 391 person weeks of follow-up. The 20 week risks per 1000 for a positive SARS-CoV-2 test were 164.2 (95% confidence interval 163.3 to 165.1) for BNT162b2 and 159.9 (159.0 to 160.8) for mRNA-1273; the hazard ratio comparing mRNA-1273 with BNT162b2 was 0.95 (95% confidence interval 0.95 to 0.96). The 20 week risks per 1000 for hospital admission with covid-19 were 0.75 (0.71 to 0.79) for BNT162b2 and 0.65 (0.61 to 0.69) for mRNA-1273; the hazard ratio was 0.89 (0.82 to 0.95). Covid-19 related deaths were rare: the 20 week risks per 1000 were 0.028 (0.021 to 0.037) for BNT162b2 and 0.024 (0.018 to 0.033) for mRNA-1273; hazard ratio 0.83 (0.58 to 1.19). Comparative effectiveness was generally similar within subgroups defined by the primary course vaccine brand, age, previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, and clinical vulnerability. Relative benefit was similar when vaccines were compared separately in the delta and omicron variant eras.

Conclusions
This matched observational study of adults estimated a modest benefit of booster vaccination with mRNA-1273 compared with BNT162b2 in preventing positive SARS-CoV-2 tests and hospital admission with covid-19 20 weeks after vaccination, during a period of delta followed by omicron variant dominance.
Smartphone apps for point-of-care information summaries: systematic assessment of the quality and content
Authors: Lee Mauricette , Lin Xiaowen , Chai Joanne Zhi Qi , Lee Eng Sing , Smith Helen , Tudor Car Lorainne 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundClinicians need easy access to evidence-based information to inform their clinical practice. Point-of-care information summaries are increasingly available in the form of smartphone apps. However, the quality of information from the apps is questionable as there is currently no regulation on the content of the medical apps.ObjectivesThis study aimed to systematically assess the quality and content of the medical apps providing point-of-care information summaries that were available in two major app stores. We evaluated apps designed specifically for healthcare professionals and assessed their content development, editorial policy, coverage of medical conditions and trustworthiness.MethodsWe conducted a systematic assessment of medical apps providing point-of-care information summaries available in Google Play and Apple app stores. Apps launched or updated since January 2020 were identified through a systematic search using 42matters. Apps meeting the inclusion criteria were downloaded and assessed. The data extraction and app assessment were done in parallel and independently by at least two reviewers. Apps were evaluated against the adapted criteria: (1) general characteristics, (2) content presentation of the summaries, (3) editorial quality, (4) evidence-based methodology, (5) coverage (volume) of the medical conditions, (6) usability of apps and (7) trustworthiness of the app based on HONcode principles. HONcode principles are guidelines used to inform users about the credibility and reliability of health information online. The results were reported as a narrative review.ResultsEight medical apps met the inclusion criteria and were systematically appraised. Based on our evaluation criteria, UpToDate supported 16 languages, and all other apps were English. Bullet points and brief paragraphs were used in all apps, and only DynaMed and Micromedex and Pathway-medical knowledge provided a formal grading system for the strength of recommendations for all the medical conditions in their apps. All the other apps either lacked a formal grading system altogether or offered one for some of the medical conditions. About 30% of the editorial quality assessment and 47.5% of the evidence-based methodology assessment were unclear or missing. UpToDate contained the most point-of-care evidence-based documents with >10 500 documents. All apps except 5-Minute Clinical Consult and DynaMed and Micromedex were available for offline access. Only Medscape complied with the HONcode principles.ConclusionsFuture apps should report a more detailed evidence-based methodology, be accessible for offline use and support search in more than one language. There should be clearer information provided in future apps regarding the declaration of authorship and conflict of interest.
Reproductive outcomes in women and men conceived by assisted reproductive technologies in Norway: prospective registry based study
Authors: Carlsen Ellen Øen , Wilcox Allen J , Magnus Maria Christine , Hanevik Hans Ivar , Håberg Siri Eldevik 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesTo determine whether the perinatal outcomes of women or men who were conceived by assisted reproductive technologies are different compared with their peers who were naturally conceived.DesignProspective registry based study.SettingMedical Birth Registry of Norway.ParticipantsPeople born in Norway between 1984 and 2002 with a registered pregnancy by the end of 2021.ExposurePeople who were conceived by assisted reproductive technologies and have had a registered pregnancy.Main outcome measuresComparing pregnancies and births of people who were conceived by assisted reproductive technologies and people who were naturally conceived, we assessed mean birth weight, gestational age, and placental weight by linear regression, additionally, the odds of congenital malformations, a low 5 min Apgar score (<7), transfer to a neonatal intensive care unit, delivery by caesarean section, use of assisted reproductive technologies, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and pre-eclampsia, preterm birth, and offspring sex, by logistic regression. The occurrence of any registered pregnancy from people aged 14 years until age at the end of follow-up was assessed using Cox proportional regression for both groups.ResultsAmong 1 092 151 people born in Norway from 1984 to 2002, 180 652 were registered at least once as mothers, and 137 530 as fathers. Of these, 399 men and 553 women were conceived by assisted reproductive technologies. People who were conceived by assisted reproductive technologies had little evidence of increased risk of adverse outcomes in their own pregnancies, increased use of assisted reproductive technologies, or any difference in mean birth weight, placental weight, or gestational age. The only exception was for an increased risk of the neonate having a low Apgar score at 5 min (adjusted odds ratio 1.86 (95% confidence interval 1.20 to 2.89)) among women who were conceived by assisted reproductive technologies. Odds were slightly decreased of having a boy among mothers conceived by assisted reproductive technologies (odds ratio 0.79 (95% confidence interval 0.67 to 0.93)). People conceived by assisted reproductive technologies were slightly less likely to have a registered pregnancy within the follow-up period (women, adjusted hazard ratio 0.88 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.96); men, 0.91 (0.83 to 1.01)).ConclusionsPeople conceived by assisted reproductive technologies were not at increased risk of obstetric or perinatal complications when becoming parents. The proportion of people conceived by assisted reproductive technologies with a registered pregnancy was lower than among people who were naturally conceived, but a longer follow-up is required to fully assess their fertility and reproductive history.
Smartphone Smoking Cessation Application (SSC App) trial: a multicountry double-blind automated randomised controlled trial of a smoking cessation decision-aid ‘app’
Authors: BinDhim Nasser F , McGeechan Kevin , Trevena Lyndal 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of an interactive smoking cessation decision-aid application (pp) compared with a smoking cessation static information app on continuous abstinence.DesignAutomated double-blind randomised controlled trial with 6 months follow-up (2014–2015).SettingSmartphone-based.Participants684 participants (daily smokers of cigarettes, 18 years old or over) recruited passively from app stores in the USA, Australia, UK and Singapore, and randomised to one of two sub-apps.Intervention(s)Behavioural, decision-aid, smartphone application.Main outcome(s)Continuous abstinence at 10 days, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months.ResultsSmokers who received the decision-aid app were more likely to be continuously abstinent at 1 month compared with the information-only app (28.5% vs 16.9%; relative risk (RR) 1.68; 95% CI 1.25 to 2.28). The effect was sustained at 3 months (23.8% vs 10.2%; RR 2.08; 95% CI 1.38 to 3.18) and 6 months (10.2% vs 4.8%; RR 2.02; 95% CI 1.08 to 3.81). Participants receiving the decision-aid app were also more likely to have made an informed choice (31.9% vs 19.6%) and have lower decisional conflict (19.5% vs 3.9%).ConclusionA smartphone decision-aid app with support features significantly increased smoking cessation and informed choice. With an increasing number of smokers attempting to quit, unassisted evidence-based decision-aid apps can provide an effective and user-friendly option to many who are making quit decisions without healthcare professionals.Trial registration numberACTRN12613000833763.
Randomised controlled trial to determine the efficacy and safety of prescribed water intake to prevent kidney failure due to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (PREVENT-ADPKD)
Authors: Wong Annette T Y , Mannix Carly , Grantham Jared J , Allman-Farinelli Margaret , Badve Sunil V , Boudville Neil , Byth Karen , Chan Jessie , Coulshed Susan , Edwards Marie E , Erickson Bradley J , Fernando Mangalee , Foster Sheryl , Haloob Imad , Harris David C H , Hawley Carmel M , Hill Julie , Howard Kirsten , Howell Martin , Jiang Simon H , Johnson David W , Kline Timothy L , Kumar Karthik , Lee Vincent W , Lonergan Maureen , Mai Jun , McCloud Philip , Peduto Anthony , Rangan Anna , Roger Simon D , Sud Kamal , Torres Vincent , Vliayuri Eswari , Rangan Gopala K 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionMaintaining fluid intake sufficient to reduce arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion has been hypothesised to slow kidney cyst growth in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). However, evidence to support this as a clinical practice recommendation is of poor quality. The aim of the present study is to determine the long-term efficacy and safety of prescribed water intake to prevent the progression of height-adjusted total kidney volume (ht-TKV) in patients with chronic kidney disease (stages 1–3) due to ADPKD.Methods and analysisA multicentre, prospective, parallel-group, open-label, randomised controlled trial will be conducted. Patients with ADPKD (n=180; age ≤65 years, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥30 mL/min/1.73 m2) will be randomised (1:1) to either the control (standard treatment+usual fluid intake) or intervention (standard treatment+prescribed fluid intake) group. Participants in the intervention arm will be prescribed an individualised daily fluid intake to reduce urine osmolality to ≤270 mOsmol/kg, and supported with structured clinic and telephonic dietetic review, self-monitoring of urine-specific gravity, short message service text reminders and internet-based tools. All participants will have 6-monthly follow-up visits, and ht-TKV will be measured by MRI at 0, 18 and 36 months. The primary end point is the annual rate of change in ht-TKV as determined by serial renal MRI in control vs intervention groups, from baseline to 3 years. The secondary end points are differences between the two groups in systemic AVP activity, renal disease (eGFR, blood pressure, renal pain), patient adherence, acceptability and safety.Ethics and disseminationThe trial was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee, Western Sydney Local Health District. The results will inform clinicians, patients and policy-makers regarding the long-term safety, efficacy and feasibility of prescribed fluid intake as an approach to reduce kidney cyst growth in patients with ADPKD.Trial registration numberANZCTR12614001216606.
Body size measures and risk of venous thromboembolism: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kaze Arnaud D , Bigna Jean Joel , Nansseu Jobert Richie , Noubiap Jean Jacques 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionObesity is significant risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE); however, the related mechanisms remain unclear. Previous studies have suggested that this might be related to physical factors including anthropometric measures. We intend to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies to summarise the extant literature on the associations between a set of seven measures of body size and the risk of VTE.Methods and analysisThe current systematic review will include prospective cohort studies assessing the association between seven measures of body size (height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio) and the risk of VTE. We will conduct comprehensive searches of MEDLINE and Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE) for articles published from inception through 31 August 2017, without any language restriction. Two investigators will independently screen, select studies and perform data extraction and risk of bias assessment, with discrepancies resolved by a third investigator. For each body size measure, study-specific relative risks will be pooled using random effects meta-analysis models. Statistical heterogeneity will be assessed using Cochran’s Q statistic, H and the I2statistics. Sources of heterogeneity will be investigated using subgroup and meta-regression analyses as deemed appropriate. Publication bias will be assessed with funnel plots supplemented by Egger’s test.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review will use data from published literature; therefore, ethical approval is not required. We expect our findings to supplement previous epidemiological studies by providing an updated and comprehensive synthesis of the available evidence on the association between body size measures and risk of VTE in the general population. Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journal and presented at scientific meetings.PROSPERO registration numberCD CRD42017071996.