bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AT2018dyk revisited: a tidal disruption event candidate with prominent infrared echo and delayed X-ray emission in a LINER galaxy
Authors: Huang Shifeng , Jiang Ning , Lin Zheyu , Zhu Jiazheng , Wang Tinggui 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
The multiwavelength data of nuclear transient AT2018dyk, initially discovered as a changing-look low-ionization nuclear emission-line region (LINER) galaxy, has been revisited by us and found being in agreement with a tidal disruption event (TDE) scenario. The optical light curve of AT2018dyk declines as a power-law form approximately with index –5/3 yet its X-ray emission lags behind the optical peak by ∼140 d, both of which are typical characteristics for TDEs. The X-ray spectra are softer than normal active galactic nuclei (AGNs) although they show a slight trend of hardening. Interestingly, its rising time-scale belongs to the longest among TDEs while it is nicely consistent with the theoretical prediction from its relatively large supermassive black hole (SMBH) mass (∼107.38M⊙). Moreover, a prominent infrared echo with peak luminosity ∼7.4 × 1042 erg s−1 has been also detected in AT2018dyk, implying an unusually dusty subparsec nuclear environment in contrast with other TDEs. In our sample, LINERs share similar covering factors with AGNs, which indicates the existence of the dusty torus in these objects. Our work suggests that the nature of nuclear transients in LINERs needs to be carefully identified and their infrared echoes offer us a unique opportunity for exploring the environment of SMBHs at low accretion rate, which has been so far poorly explored but is crucial for understanding the SMBH activity.
Can a binary star host three giant circumbinary planets?
Authors: Chen Cheng , Martin Rebecca G , Nixon C J 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
We investigate the orbital stability of a tilted circumbinary planetary system with three giant planets. The planets are spaced by a constant number (Δ) of mutual Hill radii in the range Δ = 3.4–12.0 such that the period ratio of the inner pair is the same as that of the outer pair. A tilted circumbinary planetary system can be unstable even if the same system around a coplanar binary is stable. For an equal-mass binary, we find that the stability of a three-planet system is qualitatively similar to that of a two-planet system, but the three-planet system is more unstable in mean motion resonance regions. For an unequal-mass binary, there is significantly more instability in the three-planet system as the inner planets can undergo von Zeipel–Kozai–Lidov oscillations. Generally in unstable systems, the inner planets are more likely to be ejected than the outer planets. The most likely unstable outcome for closely spaced systems, with Δ ≲ 8, is a single remaining stable planet. For more widely separated systems, Δ ≳ 8, the most likely unstable outcome is two stable planets, only one being ejected. An observed circumbinary planet with significant eccentricity may suggest that it was formed from an unstable system. Consequently, a binary can host three tilted giant planets if the binary stars are close to equal mass and provided that the planets are well spaced and not close to a mean motion resonance.
Changes in Sales of Vaping Products and Cigarettes Associated With the New York State Flavored Vaping Product Sales Restriction
Authors: Brown Elizabeth M , Rogers Todd , Spinks James G , Gammon Doris , Nonnemaker James , Farrelly Matthew C 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Introduction
New York (NY) implemented a statewide restriction on the retail sale of flavored vaping products to reduce availability of vaping products having youth-appealing flavors in 2020. We assessed the intended effects of the NY law on sales of flavored vaping products and explored whether policy implementation had unintended effects on consumer behavior by evaluating policy-associated changes in sales of combusted cigarettes, which could serve as more harmful substitute products for NY consumers of flavored vaping products.

Aims and Methods
We analyzed custom product-level weekly retail tobacco sales scanner data for NY and a comparison state (California [CA]) for convenience stores and other outlets from June 2018 through June 2021. We categorized flavor descriptors for vaping products as flavored or as tobacco or unflavored and categorized cigarettes as menthol or non-menthol. We used a difference-in-difference model to assess the effect of the sales restriction on unit sales of flavored and unflavored vaping products and menthol and non-menthol cigarettes in NY compared with CA.

Results
Following NY policy implementation, flavored and total vaping product sales decreased in NY relative to CA. Unflavored vaping product sales increased in NY, while menthol cigarette sales did not change significantly relative to CA sales.

Conclusions
The NY flavored vaping product policy was associated with fewer sales of flavored and total vaping products. The increase in sales of unflavored vaping products did not suggest complete substitution, and sales data suggest that consumers did not turn to cigarettes after flavored vaping products became unavailable.

Implications
This study provides evidence that NY’s flavored vaping product policy is associated with reduced flavored vaping product access and sales. Our analyses of potential unintended consequences indicate that some consumers switched from flavored to unflavored vaping products, but that cigarette sales did not change concurrent with the policy which means that decreased availability of flavored vaping products did not result in vapers switching to cigarettes. NY’s policy had its intended effect with limited unintended consequences.
Does Taxing Business Owners Affect Employees? Evidence From A Change in the Top Marginal Tax Rate
Authors: Risch Max 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Debates about the taxation of business owners often center on the distributional effects of these taxes, particularly the degree to which they affect workers. Drawing on a new linked owner-firm-worker data set created from U.S. administrative tax records, I analyze how an increase in the top marginal tax rate faced by business owners affected the earnings of their employees. I use panel difference-in-differences methods to compare the earnings of workers in similar firms but whose owners were differentially exposed to the tax increase. I estimate that 11–18 cents per dollar of new business income tax liability was passed through to employee earnings. I find no change in employment in response to the tax increase. The responses were generally associated with lower earnings growth, not changes in workforce composition. The burden was not borne equally by all workers. Essentially all of the workers’ share of the burden was borne by those in the top 30% of the earnings distribution, highlighting that the ultimate distributional effects of the policy depend not only on the share of the burden borne by workers but on the shares borne by different types of workers. Furthermore, since the owners bore the majority of the burden, the policy resulted in a decrease in after-tax earnings inequality between top-bracket owners and lower-bracket workers. I discuss the implications of the findings for the mediating labor market mechanisms and for welfare analyses of income taxation using a marginal value of public funds framework.
Effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress on erectile function in rats with cavernous nerve injury
Authors: Guo Shanjie , Zhao Danfeng , Zang Zhenjie , Shao Dingchang , Zhang Keqin , Fu Qiang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Erectile dysfunction (ED) occurs in an increasing number of patients after radical prostatectomy and cystectomy, and the phenotypic modulation of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells is closely related to ED.

Aim
To determine whether endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is implicated in the phenotypic modulation of ED induced by bilateral cavernous nerve injury (BCNI).

Methods
In total, 36 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham, in which rats received sham surgery with bilateral cavernous nerve exposure plus phosphate-buffered saline; control, in which rats received BCNI plus phosphate-buffered saline; and experimental, in which rats received BCNI plus 4-phenylbutyric acid. Analysis of variance and a Bonferroni multiple-comparison test were utilized to evaluate differences among groups.

Outcomes
Erectile function, smooth muscle/collagen ratios, and the expression levels of phenotypic modulation and ERS were measured.

Results
Two ratios—maximum intracavernosal pressure/mean arterial pressure and smooth muscle/collagen—were decreased in the control group as compared with the sham group. In penile tissue, there was increased expression of GRP78 (78-kDa glucose-regulated protein), p-PERK/PERK (phosphorylated protein kinase R–like endoplasmic reticulum kinase/protein kinase R–like endoplasmic reticulum kinase), caspase 3, CHOP (C/EBP homologous protein), and OPN (osteopontin) but decreased expression of nNOS (neuronal nitric oxide synthase) and α-SMA (α–smooth muscle actin). As compared with the control group, erectile function was improved and pathologic changes were partially recovered in the experimental group.

Clinical Translation
The present study demonstrated that ERS is involved in ED caused by cavernous nerve injury, thereby providing a new target and theoretical basis for clinical treatment.

Strengths and Limitations
The present study demonstrated for the first time that ERS is related to ED caused by cavernous nerve injury. Inhibition of ERS reverses phenotypic modulation and improves erectile function in rats with BCNI. Additional in vitro studies should be performed to verify these conclusions and explore the specific mechanism of phenotypic modulation.

Conclusion
The present study demonstrated that inhibiting ERS reverses phenotypic modulation and enhances erectile function in rats with BCNI.
Establishing the acute physiological and sleep disruption characteristics of wind farm versus road traffic noise disturbances in sleep: a randomized controlled trial protocol
Authors: Micic Gorica , Zajamsek Branko , Lechat Bastien , Hansen Kristy , Scott Hannah , Toson Barbara , Liebich Tessa , Dunbar Claire , Nguyen Duc Phuc , Decup Felix , Vakulin Andrew , Lovato Nicole , Lack Leon , Hansen Colin , Bruck Dorothy , Chai-Coetzer Ching Li , Mercer Jeremy , Doolan Con , Catcheside Peter 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Study Objectives
Despite the global expansion of wind farms, effects of wind farm noise (WFN) on sleep remain poorly understood. This protocol details a randomized controlled trial designed to compare the sleep disruption characteristics of WFN versus road traffic noise (RTN).

Methods
This study was a prospective, seven night within-subjects randomized controlled in-laboratory polysomnography-based trial. Four groups of adults were recruited from; &lt;10 km away from a wind farm, including those with, and another group without, noise-related complaints; an urban RTN exposed group; and a group from a quiet rural area. Following an acclimation night, participants were exposed, in random order, to two separate nights with 20-s or 3-min duration WFN and RTN noise samples reproduced at multiple sound pressure levels during established sleep. Four other nights tested for continuous WFN exposure during wake and/or sleep on sleep outcomes.

Results
The primary analyses will assess changes in electroencephalography (EEG) assessed as micro-arousals (EEG shifts to faster frequencies lasting 3–15 s) and awakenings (&gt;15 s events) from sleep by each noise type with acute (20-s) and more sustained (3-min) noise exposures. Secondary analyses will compare dose–response effects of sound pressure level and noise type on EEG K-complex probabilities and quantitative EEG measures, and cardiovascular activation responses. Group effects, self-reported noise sensitivity, and wake versus sleep noise exposure effects will also be examined.

Conclusions
This study will help to clarify if wind farm noise has different sleep disruption characteristics compared to road traffic noise.
Effects of reduced-protein diets with protease supplementation on growth, carcass yield, intestinal morphology, organ development, nutrient digestibility, and blood biochemical of broiler chickens
Authors: Song X , Anas M A , Kurniawati A , Hanim C , Muhlisin  , Aprianto M A , Madani A M A , Wang Q , Chen H 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate growth performance, carcass yield, intestinal morphology, organ development, nutrient digestibility, and blood biochemical parameters of broiler fed 1% reduced-protein diets with /without protease supplementation. A total of 1120 one-day male broiler chickens with average initial body weight (BW), 46.45±0.49g, divided into 5 groups with 7 replications and 32 birds per replication. The treatment varied according to the protein and protease enzyme levels: positive control (PC), negative control (NC, PC with reduction of 1% protein), PC supplemented with 50g/t protease (PC+50), NC supplemented with 50g/t protease (NC+50), and NC supplemented with 100g/t protease (NC+100). The results showed that there was no significant effect of 1% reduced-protein diets, with or without protease on feed intake, final body weight (FBW), average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and nutrient digestibility. The changes in dietary protein level and supplementation of protease did not affect carcass yield, but significantly affected abdominal fat content, PC+50 group had significantly lower abdominal fat content than NC based diet including NC, NC+50, NC+100. Reduced-protein with protease supplementation strongly affected organ weight, especially on day 21: the pancreas was heavier in PC and NC+50 group than other groups, spleen was heaver in NC group than in NC+100 group, thymus was heavier in NC+50 group than in PC, NC and NC+100 group, small intestine was heavier in NC+50 and NC+100 group than in PC group, and large intestine was also heavier in NC+50 group than in NC group. Villus height sampled at 35-day was significantly increased with protease supplement, and which was significantly higher in NC+100 group than NC group. Regarding on blood metabolites, only urea and uric acid were affected by the reduction of dietary protein, broiler fed PC diet had higher urea and uric acid content than fed NC diet. In conclusion, supplementation of 50g/t protease in 1% reduced-protein diets does not negatively affect on growth, nutrient digestibility, carcass yield, organ development and blood metabolites. Moreover, supplementation of protease in low-protein diet could effectively promote organ development and benefit intestine morphology.
Role of ferroptosis in fibrosis: From mechanism to potential therapy
Authors: Qiu Xuemeng , Bi Qing , Wu Jiyue , Sun Zejia , Wang Wei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFibrosis, which is a manifestation of the physiological response to injury characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components, is a ubiquitous outcome of the repair process. However, in cases of repetitive or severe injury, fibrosis may become dysregulated, leading to a pathological state and organ failure. In recent years, a novel form of regulated cell death, referred to as ferroptosis, has been identified as a possible contributor to fibrosis; it is characterized by iron-mediated lipid peroxidation. It has garnered attention due to the growing body of evidence linking ferroptosis and fibrogenesis, which is believed to be driven by underlying inflammation and immune responses. Despite the increasing interest in the relationship between ferroptosis and fibrosis, a comprehensive understanding of the precise role that ferroptosis plays in the formation of fibrotic tissue remains limited. This review seeks to synthesize previous research related to the topic. We categorized the different direct and indirect mechanisms by which ferroptosis may contribute to fibrosis into three categories: (1) iron overload toxicity; (2) ferroptosis-evoked necroinflammation, with a focus on ferroptosis and macrophage interplay; and (3) ferroptosis-associated pro-fibrotic factors and pathways. Furthermore, the review considers the potential implications of these findings and highlights the utilization of ferroptosis-targeted therapies as a promising strategy for mitigating the progression of fibrosis. In conclusion, novel anti-fibrotic treatments targeting ferroptosis could be an effective treatment for fibrosis.
Correlation Among Workplace Burnout, Resilience, and Well-Being in Nursing Staff: A Cross-Sectional Study in Taiwan
Authors: TZENG Shau-Tion , SU Bei-Yi , CHEN Hsiao-Mei 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundBecause nurses often work in medical environments characterized by high workloads and high levels of stress and pressure, they are particularly vulnerable to workplace burnout and their well-being may suffer. Related studies on burnout, resilience, and well-being have focused primarily on teachers, social workers, and students, with few studies addressing the situation faced by nursing staff. It is important to understand the factors affecting the well-being of nursing staff.PurposeThis study explores the status quo and correlations among nursing-staff demographic characteristics, workplace burnout, well-being-related resilience, and the predictive factors of well-being in nurses.MethodsA cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational research design and purposive sampling were used in this study. Nursing staff who had worked for more than 6 months at a medical center in central Taiwan were recruited as participants, with data from 289 participants collected. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic characteristics, workplace burnout, resilience, and well-being.ResultsThe average scores for workplace burnout, resilience, and well-being were 40.40/(0- to 100-point scale), 26.79/(10- to 50-point scale), and 43.25/(24- to 96-point scale), respectively. The result of the regression analysis explained about 51.6% of the variance in well-being. Furthermore, resilience (28.4%), self-perceived health (14.3%), workplace burnout (4.5%), exercise frequency (1.8%), job title (1.2%), interpersonal pressure relief resilience (0.9%), and marital status (0.5%) were other important predictive factors of well-being in the participants.Conclusions/Implications for PracticeMedical institutions should provide appropriate resilience-enhancing countermeasures to reduce workplace burnout as well as pay greater attention to the exercise frequency, self-perceived health, job title, and marital status of their nurses to help them achieve physical, mental, and overall well-being.
Dermatologic care of patients with differences of sex development
Authors: Gold Sarah , Huang Christina , Radi Rakan , Gupta Pranav , Felner Eric I. , Haw Jeehea Sonya , Childress Krista , Sokkary Nancy , Tangpricha Vin , Goodman Michael , Yeung Howa 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Differences of sex development (DSD or disorders of sex development) are uncommon congenital conditions, characterized by atypical development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomic sex.

Objective:
Dermatologic care is an important component of the multidisciplinary care needed for individuals with DSD. This article discusses the most common primary dermatologic manifestations of DSD in addition to the cutaneous manifestations of hormonal and surgical therapies in individuals with DSD.

Data sources:
Published articles including case series and case reports on PubMed.

Study selections:
Selection was conducted by examining existing literature with a team of multidisciplinary specialists.

Methods:
Narrative review.

Limitations:
This article was not conducted as a systematic review.

Results:
In Klinefelter syndrome, refractory leg ulcers and incontinentia pigmenti have been described. Turner syndrome is associated with lymphatic malformations, halo nevi, dermatitis, and psoriasis. Virilization can be seen in some forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, where acne and hirsutism are common.

Conclusion:
Dermatologists should consider teratogenic risk for treatments of skin conditions in DSD depending on pregnancy potential. Testosterone replacement, commonly used for Klinefelter syndrome, androgen insensitivity syndrome, 5-alpha reductase deficiency, gonadal dysgenesis, or ovotesticular DSD, may cause acne.
Weld map tomography for determining local grain orientations from ultrasound
Authors: Kalkowski Michał K. , Lowe Michael J. S. , Samaitis Vykintas , Schreyer Fabian , Robert Sébastien 
Published: September 2023

The complex structure of inhomogeneous welds poses a long-standing challenge in ultrasonic non-destructive testing. Elongated grains with spatially varying dominant orientations can distort and split the ultrasonic beam, hindering inspection data interpretation. One way to tackle this problem is to include material information in imaging and signal analysis; however, such information is often only gathered using destructive methods. This paper reports the development of a physics-based weld inversion strategy determining grain orientations using a ray tomography principle. The considered approach does not rely on a macroscopic weld description but may incorporate it to facilitate inversion. Hence, it is more general than other available approaches. The methodology is demonstrated in both numerical and experimental examples. The experimental work focuses on mock-up samples from the nuclear industry and a sample manufactured during this research. The ‘ground truth’ for the latter comes from an EBSD evaluation—the most accurate (yet destructive) examination technique available. Across the considered specimens, our methodology yielded orientation maps with average errors well below

20

∘

, leading to time-of-flight errors below

0.05

μ

s

. Applying the result from inversion to ultrasonic imaging offered between 5 and 14 dB signal-to-noise ratio improvement for defect signatures.
Nonlinear realization approach to topologically massive supergravity
Authors: Kuzenko Sergei M. , Stirling Jake C. 
Published: September 2023

We develop a nonlinear realization approach to topologically massive supergravity in three dimensions, with and without a cosmological term. It is a natural generalization of a similar construction for

N

=
1

supergravity in four dimensions, which was recently proposed by one of us. At the heart of both formulations is the nonlinear realization approach to gravity which was given by Volkov and Soroka 50 years ago in the context of spontaneously broken local supersymmetry. In our setting, the action for cosmological topologically massive supergravity is invariant under two different local supersymmetries. One of them acts on the Goldstino, while the other supersymmetry leaves the Goldstino invariant. The former can be used to gauge away the Goldstino, and then the resulting action coincides with that given in the literature.