bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of collective intelligence and collective agency in enterprising communities
Authors: Rae David , Blenker Per 
Published: August 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to introduce the concept of Entrepreneurial Collective Intelligence (ECI) as a means of understanding how communities of entrepreneurial actors learn to act both collectively and knowingly. It explores how connections between processes of CI, agency and action can explain and enable the development entrepreneurial community organisations.

Design/methodology/approach
There is a selective literature review of prior works on the related fields of community and collective entrepreneurship; collectives and intelligence; agency and action. The review is used to propose a framework of collective entrepreneurial intelligence, agency and action. An interpretive approach is used to research four case studies of community organisations which use CI to generate entrepreneurial outcomes.

Findings
The cases are compared with themes from prior literature to develop a conceptual model of four ECI processes which enable intelligence, agency and action: collaborative processes; distributed working; intelligence representations and organisation of infrastructures. These are theorised to discuss ideas, challenges, methods and questions to enhance entrepreneurial actions, based on sharing knowledge and learning, in the context of collective agency, action and intelligence.

Research limitations/implications
The four processes, both together and separately, represent a coherent framework useful for further studies on the role of collectives in enterprising communities.

Practical implications
The four processes each represent a central area of attention, not only for development, learning, decision-making and leadership within enterprising communities but also for entrepreneurship education in terms of alternative didactics, pedagogies and learning forms.

Social implications
The improved knowledge on the role of collective agency and CI within entrepreneurial processes is useful for strengthening civil activism and other fruitful forms of entrepreneurial collective processes. This may help solve complicated societal problems where traditional conceptions of entrepreneurship fail.

Originality/value
The conceptual contribution is to explain the dynamic relationships between ECI and action, mediated by collective agency. The role of CI in informing entrepreneurial communities is explored and four enabling processes are proposed. This coherent framework is useful for further studies on the role of collectives in enterprising communities, whilst informing their learning, decision-making and leadership.
Cross-country comparative trend analysis in ESG regulatory framework across developed and developing nations
Authors: Singhania Monica , Saini Neha , Shri Charu , Bhatia Shabani 
Published: August 2023

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to compare environmental, social and governance (ESG) disclosures regulatory frameworks in developed and developing countries, identifying similarities, differences and trends to contribute to effective and sustainable practices globally.Design/methodology/approachDescriptive research design compares ESG frameworks in developed and developing countries. It reviews literature, collects data, analyzes differences and categorizes countries based on ESG development stages. Implications, recommendations and an analytical ESG table are explored and validated.FindingsThe study's findings have significant implications for practice, society and research. The categorization of 28 countries into four ESG framework development stages facilitates strategic implementation and improved decision-making aligned with sustainability reporting.Research limitations/implicationsThe study's findings will support regulators, policymakers and institutional investors in bridging the sustainability gap. By categorizing countries based on their ESG framework development stages, the study aims to provide benchmark practices for countries in the early stages of ESG disclosure. This will address information asymmetry issues and facilitate the establishment of resilient business operations and reporting practices. Ultimately, the study promotes long-term social and economic well-being by strengthening emerging sustainable practices.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this study represents a novel contribution to the existing literature by analyzing the varying levels of development in the ESG policy framework across countries. It fills a gap in current research by providing a comprehensive assessment of the ESG landscape and highlighting the disparities and advancements in different countries. This study aims to shed light on the state of ESG policies and practices globally, providing valuable insights for future research and policy development in the field.
Possibly the first case of onychomycosis by Fusarium lactis: Case presentation and literature review of onychomycosis by Fusarium species
Authors: Taga Fumiaki , Anzawa Kazushi , Ono Hiroto , Futatsuya Taketoshi , Yamaguchi Reimon , Takeda Kiminobu , Mochizuki Takashi , Shimizu Akira 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFusarium species (spp.) is frequently found in soil and plant residues and on plant bodies in all climatic zones worldwide. Although there have been few reports of onychomycosis caused by Fusarium spp., it is characterized by drug sensitivity and other characteristics. Here, we report what may be the first case of onychomycosis caused by Fusarium lactis. We analyzed the mycology and characterized previously reported cases of onychomycosis caused by Fusarium spp. A 73‐year‐old otherwise healthy woman presented with discoloration and thickening of her right thumbnail with paronychia. Direct microscopy revealed unevenly swollen hyphae, and a Grocott‐stained nail specimen showed septate hyphae. Based on the morphological features and gene analysis of fungus isolated from the nail, we diagnosed onychomycosis caused by F. lactis belonging to Fusarium fujikuroi species complex. Partial nail removal and topical application of 1% luliconazole solution resolved the condition in 6 months. Minimum inhibitory concentrations for isolated F. lactis showed high sensitivity to luliconazole but not itraconazole or terbinafine. The isolated F. lactis was temperature‐sensitive. A search of the literature revealed 57 cases of onychomycosis caused by Fusarium spp. with delineated clinical characteristics. Since those cases were investigated using morphological and/or molecular methods, we analyzed them by species complex as well as species. Onychomycosis caused by Fusarium spp. is predominantly found on the big toe, with Fusarium solani species complex and Fusarium oxysporum species complex accounting for over 70% of cases. Infection of only one digit with paronychia is a characteristic clinical manifestation of onychomycosis caused by Fusarium spp. Since there has been an increase in instances of molecular determination of Fusarium spp., it is deemed necessary to clarify its clinical and fungal nature. Due to its characteristic drug sensitivity and temperature‐sensitive nature, new treatments are expected to be developed.
Expression of macrophage/dendritic cell–related molecules in lymph node sinus macrophages
Authors: Yamada Rin , Ohnishi Koji , Pan Cheng , Yano Hiromu , Fujiwara Yukio , Shiota Takuya , Mikami Yoshiki , Komohara Yoshihiro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe role of sinus macrophages (SMs) in anticancer immune responses has received considerable interest in recent years, but the types of molecules that are expressed in human SMs have not yet been clarified in detail. We therefore sought to identify dendritic cell (DC)– or macrophage‐related molecules in SMs in human lymph nodes (LNs). SMs are strongly positive for Iba‐1, CD163, CD169, and CD209. CD169 (clone SP216) reacted with almost all SMs, mainly in the cell surface membrane, while CD169 (clone HSn 7D2) reacted with a subpopulation of SMs, mainly in the cytoplasm, with a significant increase observed after IFN‐α stimulation. The immunoreactivity of clone HSn 7D2 was markedly reduced after transfection with small interfering RNA against CD169, while that of clone SP216 was slightly reduced. The induction of CCL8 and CXCL10 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression by IFN‐α was confirmed using cultured macrophages and RT‐qPCR, but fluorescence in situ hybridization did not detect CCL8 and CXCL10 mRNA expression in SMs. Single‐cell RNA sequence data of LNs indicated that the highest level of CXCL10 gene expression occurred in monocytes. In conclusion, we found that CD209, also known as DC‐related molecule, was expressed in human SMs. The heterogeneity observed in CD169 reacted with cone HSn 7D2 and SP216 was potentially due to the modification of CD169 protein by IFN stimulation. Further, no expression of CXCL10 mRNA in SMs suggested that SMs might be resident macrophages.
Icescape‐scale metabolomics reveals cyanobacterial and topographic control of the core metabolism of the cryoconite ecosystem of an Arctic ice cap
Authors: Gokul Jarishma K. , Mur Luis A. J. , Hodson Andrew J. , Irvine‐Fynn Tristram D. L. , Debbonaire Aliyah R. , Takeuchi Nozomu , Edwards Arwyn 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGlaciers host ecosystems comprised of biodiverse and active microbiota. Among glacial ecosystems, less is known about the ecology of ice caps since most studies focus on valley glaciers or ice sheet margins. Previously we detailed the microbiota of one such high Arctic ice cap, focusing on cryoconite as a microbe‐mineral aggregate formed by cyanobacteria. Here, we employ metabolomics at the scale of an entire ice cap to reveal the major metabolic pathways prevailing in the cryoconite of Foxfonna, central Svalbard. We reveal how geophysical and biotic processes influence the metabolomes of its resident cryoconite microbiota. We observed differences in amino acid, fatty acid, and nucleotide synthesis across the cap reflecting the influence of ice topography and the cyanobacteria within cryoconite. Ice topography influences central carbohydrate metabolism and nitrogen assimilation, whereas bacterial community structure governs lipid, nucleotide, and carotenoid biosynthesis processes. The prominence of polyamine metabolism and nitrogen assimilation highlights the importance of recycling nitrogenous nutrients. To our knowledge, this study represents the first application of metabolomics across an entire ice mass, demonstrating its utility as a tool for revealing the fundamental metabolic processes essential for sustaining life in supraglacial ecosystems experiencing profound change due to Arctic climate change‐driven mass loss.
Gelation characteristics of partially purified myofibrillar proteins extracted from commercially harvested Indian mackerel and threadfin bream
Authors: Singh Avtar , Patil Umesh , Mittal Ajay , Singh Prabjeet , Tyagi Anuj , Benjakul Soottawat 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGelling behaviors of partially purified myofibrillar proteins (PPMP) extracted from Indian mackerel (IM) and threadfin bream (TB) as a function of heating temperatures (20–75°C) were comparatively studied. PPMP obtained from IM (IM‐MP) showed lower turbidity and surface hydrophobicity as compared to those extracted from TB (TB‐MP). Moreover, lower disulfide bond content was noticed in IM‐MP (7.7–9.46 mol/106 g protein) as compared to TB‐MP (10.99‐13.95 mol/106 g protein) during the heating process. There was no major difference in the amino acid profile noticed between PPMP from both the species, except lysine and glutamine contents, which were higher in TB‐MP. Structural analysis, FTIR spectra, amide I band, and fluorescence intensity substantiated those changes. The protein pattern also revealed autolysis of IM‐MP. The transmission analysis also showed lower aggregation and crosslinking ability of IM‐MP than TB‐MP. Therefore, poorer gelling behavior of IM‐MP reconfirmed the inferior gel property of surimi gel from IM to gel from TB. Potential development is still required for the improvement of the gel properties of dark‐fleshed fish surimi such as IM.Practical ApplicationIndian mackerel (IM) is an abundant and widely captured fish species. Due to overexploitation of lean fish, pelagic fish could be explored as a potential raw material for surimi production. However, poor gelling properties of IM limit its use in the surimi industry. This study provides an insight into the gelling behavior of myofibrillar proteins from IM during the gelation process in comparison with the lean fish (threadfin bream). Overall, structural and rheological changes of myofibrillar proteins play a role in gelation, thus affecting gel properties between two species. Further improvement of the gel of IM is still required.
Extraction of pectin from watermelon and pomegranate peels with different methods and its application in ice cream as an emulsifier
Authors: Fırat Esra , Koca Nurcan , Kaymak‐Ertekin Figen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPectin extraction from watermelon peel (WP) and pomegranate peel (PP) was carried out using three different extraction methods: classical solvent extraction (CSE), ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE), and microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE). Extraction parameters (pH, temperature, time, and speed/amplitude/power) were optimized to target maximum crude pectin yield (CPY), while the sample‐to‐solvent ratio (SS) was determined to be fixed at 1:10 w/v at all experiments. CPY was increased by low pH, high temperature, and long time. The pectins obtained at optimum conditions were characterized regarding the physicochemical and rheological properties, and the pectin solutions were found to be typical pseudoplastic fluids. WP pectin extracted with MAE and PP pectin extracted with UAE were determined to have the best emulsifying properties and added to the ice cream formulations. MAE had the maximum CPY of 9.40% for WP (pH = 1.3, 6 min, 596 W) and the best emulsifying properties. UAE had the best emulsifying properties for PP and the CPY was 11.56% in conditions of pH = 1.5, a temperature of 69°C, an extraction time of 29 min, and a 32% amplitude. The use of PP pectin resulted in a significant increase in the apparent viscosity of ice cream mix and also the first dripping time and the hardness of ice cream over commercial emulsifier. Melting properties and hardness values of ice cream with WP pectin were comparatively closer to those of ice cream with commercial emulsifier. On the other hand, the first dripping time and hardness value of ice cream with PP pectin having 60.25 min and 3.84 N, respectively, were higher than those of commercial ice cream having 53.75 min and 2.14 N, respectively.Practical Application: The utilization of WP and PP, which are good sources for pectin production, benefits both a sustainable environment and a sustainable food industry. Pectin extracted from WP and PP as an emulsifier in ice cream can ensure the production of ice creams with good melting properties. Pectin can be used as a healthy, sustainable, and economical alternative emulsifier in the ice cream industry.
Ethanol‐exposed lung fibroblasts cause airway epithelial barrier dysfunction
Authors: Sueblinvong Viranuj , Fan Xian , Hart Craishun , Molina Samuel , Koval Michael , Guidot David M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundChronic alcohol ingestion predisposes to lung injury and disrepair during sepsis. Our previous studies outlined roles for transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGFβ1) and granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) in epithelial barrier homeostasis and how alcohol perturbs their expression and signaling. Here we hypothesize that ethanol‐exposed lung fibroblasts (LF) are a source of dysregulated TGFβ1 and GM‐CSF and thereby alter airway epithelial barrier function.MethodsHuman or rat LF were cultured ± ethanol for 2 weeks and then co‐cultured with human or rat airway epithelial cells (AEC) seeded on Transwell permeable supports. In selected groups, a TGFβ1 receptor type 1 (TGFβR1) inhibitor (SB431542) or a TGFβ1 neutralizing antibody was applied. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) was measured prior to co‐culture and on day 5 of co‐culture. AEC were then analyzed for the expression of selected tight junction and mesenchymal proteins, and transwell membranes were analyzed by immunofluorescence microscopy for ZO‐1 expression and localization. TGFβ1 and GM‐CSF levels in conditioned media from the co‐cultures were quantified by ELISA.ResultsAEC co‐cultured with ethanol‐exposed LF (ELF) showed a significant reduction in TER and corresponding decreases in ZO‐1 expression, whereas collagen type 1A1 and α‐smooth muscle actin protein expression were increased. In parallel, in conditioned media from the ELF + AEC co‐cultures, activated TGFβ1 levels increased and GM‐CSF levels decreased. Notably, all the effects of ELF on the AEC were prevented by blocking TGFβ1 activity.ConclusionsPrior ethanol exposure to LF induces barrier dysfunction in naive AEC in a paracrine fashion through activation of TGFβ1 signaling and suppression of GM‐CSF. These experimental findings provide a potential mechanism by which chronic alcohol ingestion impairs airway epithelial integrity and renders individuals susceptible to lung injury.
Demographic differences in the cascade of care for unhealthy alcohol use: A cross‐sectional analysis of data from the 2015–2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health
Authors: Mintz Carrie M. , Knox Justin , Hartz Sarah M. , Hasin Deborah S. , Martins Silvia S. , Kranzler Henry R. , Greene Emily , Geng Elvin H. , Grucza Richard A. , Bierut Laura J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) model is recommended by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force to improve recognition of and intervention for unhealthy alcohol use. How SBIRT implementation differs by demographic characteristics is poorly understood.MethodsWe analyzed data from the 2015–2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health from respondents ≥18 years old who used an outpatient clinic and had at least one alcoholic drink within the past year. Respondents were grouped into one of three mutually exclusive groups: “no binge drinking or alcohol use disorder (AUD),” “binge drinking without AUD,” or “AUD.” Outcome variables were likelihood of screening, brief intervention (BI), referral to treatment (RT), and AUD treatment. The demographic predictors on which outcomes were regressed included gender, age, race and ethnicity, sexual orientation, insurance status, and history of military involvement. Consistent with SBIRT guidelines, the entire sample was included in the screening model; screened persons with either binge drinking without AUD or with AUD were included in the BI model; screened persons with AUD were included in the RT model, and persons referred to treatment with AUD were included in the AUD treatment model.ResultsAnalyses included 120,804 respondents. Women were more likely than men to be screened, but less likely to receive BI or RT. When referred to treatment, women were more likely than men to receive it. Persons aged ≥50 were least likely to be screened about alcohol, but most likely to receive BI, while persons aged 18–25 were least likely to receive BI or AUD treatment. Racial and ethnic minorities were less likely than White persons to be screened; Asians were less likely to receive RT, and Black persons were less likely to receive treatment than White persons. Persons identifying as gay, lesbian, or bisexual were equally as likely or more likely to receive SBIRT or AUD treatment as those identifying as heterosexual. Persons without insurance were less likely to be screened than those with insurance. Persons with a history of military involvement were more likely to be screened and receive BI and RT than persons who had not served in the military.ConclusionsDemographic disparities in SBIRT implementation exist. Addressing the sources of these disparities and minimizing attrition from care could improve outcomes for persons with unhealthy alcohol use.
Increases in computationally predicted deleterious variants of unknown significance and sperm mtDNA copy numbers may be associated with semen quality
Authors: Pi Yuze , Huang Zhuo , Xu Xilin , Zhang Huan , Jin Miao , Zhang Shuoping , Lin Ge , Hu Liang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundMitochondria are essential for sperm motility because they provide the energy required for the movement. Changes in sperm mtDNA, such as point mutations, large‐scale deletions, or copy number variations, may interfere with ATP production and reduce sperm motility. However, it is not clear if changes in mtDNA are linked to semen quality.ObjectivesTo explore the association between sperm mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) changes and semen quality.Materials and methodsSixty‐five oligo and/or astheno and/or terato patients (O/A/T) patients and 41 controls were recruited from couples undergoing assisted reproduction. Semen and blood samples were collected from the same individual on the day of oocyte retrieval to extract, isolate and purify mtDNA for next‐generation sequencing. mtDNA copy numbers were assessed in 64 patient and 39 control sperm DNA samples using quantitative real‐time PCR. The 4977 bp deletion was assessed in 20 patient and 20 control sperm DNA samples using polymerase chain reaction.ResultsThe mtDNA of patients was more likely to carry pathogenic variants or variants of unknown significance (VUSs) (P = 0.091) with higher heteroplasmy levels (P < 0.05) than that of controls. Interestingly, 33.85% of O/A/T patients (22 out of 65) lacked unique variants in their spermatozoa. but presented an exceptionally high mtDNA copy number (P < 0.0001). Moreover, we observed a decrease in the heteroplasmy level of common mtDNA variants shared by somatic and gamete cells (P < 0.0001) and the emergence of a very large number of de novo mtDNA variants with low‐level heteroplasmy in spermatozoa.Discussion and conclusionThe increases in the number of computationally predicted deleterious VUS and mtDNA copies in spermatozoa may be associated with semen quality. Exposure to environmental mutation pressure that causes novel mtDNA variants with low‐level heteroplasmy may occur during spermatogenesis. Furthermore, when a certain harmful threshold is reached, male germ cells may degrade mtDNA with mutations and replicate the correct mtDNA sequence to maintain the mitochondrial function in spermatozoa.