bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A general model for how attributes can reduce polarization in social groups
Authors: Górski Piotr J. , Atkisson Curtis , Hołyst Janusz A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPolarization makes it difficult to form positive relationships across existing groups. Decreasing polarization may improve political discourse around the world. Polarization can be modeled on a social network as structural balance, where the network is composed of groups with positive links between all individuals in the group and negative links with all others. Previous work shows that incorporating attributes of individuals usually makes structural balance, and hence polarization, harder to achieve. That work examines only a limited number and types of attributes. We present a generalized model and a simulation framework to analyze the effect of any type of attribute, including analytically as long as an expected value can be written for the type of attribute. As attributes, we consider people’s (approximately) immutable characteristics (e.g., race, wealth) and such opinions that change more slowly than relationships (e.g., political preferences). We detail and analyze five classes of attributes, recapitulating the results of previous work in this framework and extending it. While it is easier to prevent than to destabilize polarization, we find that usually the most effective at both are continuous attributes, followed by ordered attributes and, finally, binary attributes. The effectiveness of unordered attributes varies depending on the magnitude of negative impact of having differing attributes but is smaller than of continuous ones. Testing the framework on network structures containing communities revealed that destroying polarization may require introducing local tensions. This model could be used by policymakers, among others, to prevent and design effective interventions to counteract polarization.
Continuous latent position models for instantaneous interactions
Authors: Rastelli Riccardo , Corneli Marco 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe create a framework to analyze the timing and frequency of instantaneous interactions between pairs of entities. This type of interaction data is especially common nowadays and easily available. Examples of instantaneous interactions include email networks, phone call networks, and some common types of technological and transportation networks. Our framework relies on a novel extension of the latent position network model: we assume that the entities are embedded in a latent Euclidean space and that they move along individual trajectories which are continuous over time. These trajectories are used to characterize the timing and frequency of the pairwise interactions. We discuss an inferential framework where we estimate the individual trajectories from the observed interaction data and propose applications on artificial and real data.
Probing the consistency of cosmological contours for supernova cosmology
Authors: Armstrong P. , Qu H. , Brout D. , Davis T. M. , Kessler R. , Kim A. G. , Lidman C. , Sako M. , Tucker B. E. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
As the scale of cosmological surveys increases, so does the complexity in the analyses. This complexity can often make it difficult to derive the underlying principles, necessitating statistically rigorous testing to ensure the results of an analysis are consistent and reasonable. This is particularly important in multi-probe cosmological analyses like those used in the Dark Energy Survey (DES) and the upcoming Legacy Survey of Space and Time, where accurate uncertainties are vital. In this paper, we present a statistically rigorous method to test the consistency of contours produced in these analyses and apply this method to the Pippin cosmological pipeline used for type Ia supernova cosmology with the DES. We make use of the Neyman construction, a frequentist methodology that leverages extensive simulations to calculate confidence intervals, to perform this consistency check. A true Neyman construction is too computationally expensive for supernova cosmology, so we develop a method for approximating a Neyman construction with far fewer simulations. We find that for a simulated dataset, the 68% contour reported by the Pippin pipeline and the 68% confidence region produced by our approximate Neyman construction differ by less than a percent near the input cosmology; however, they show more significant differences far from the input cosmology, with a maximal difference of 0.05 in

$\Omega_{M}$

and 0.07 in w. This divergence is most impactful for analyses of cosmological tensions, but its impact is mitigated when combining supernovae with other cross-cutting cosmological probes, such as the cosmic microwave background.
MOTIVATIONS BEHIND ACTORS’ COOPERATION IN CIRCULAR ECOSYSTEMS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW AND A BRAZILIAN CASE STUDY
Authors: Barquete Sophia , Hofmann Trevisan Adriana , Gonçalves Castro Camila , Mascarenhas Janaina 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe circular economy (CE) aims at the cycling of resources through restorative and regenerative strategies. To achieve circularity, coordination of several actors is necessary. The interaction among actors allows the connection between the CE and ecosystem research fields. Although fundamental, the relationships, mainly cooperation, among actors within an ecosystem to foster circularity is not deeply explored in the literature. The objective of this study was to identify the possibilities of cooperation within circular ecosystems, in particular, the motivations that make the actors interact to achieve a CE. A systematic literature review (SLR) and a case study of a Brazilian ecosystem specialized in the recycling of carton packages to manufacture ecological tiles were conducted. The goal was to identify the motivations through the SLR and the case study so the theoretical and the empirical results could be compared. As a result, 28 motivations for actors to engage in ecosystems driven by circularity were identified. In order to achieve a complete and circular solution, actors must be able to clearly understand their roles and relationships so that they can establish new partnerships or reframe those already established.
SAFE PREPARATION AND DELIVERY OF GRAPHITE TARGETS FOR 14C ANALYSIS: PROCEDURES OF BRAVHO LAB AT BOLOGNA UNIVERSITY
Authors: Tassoni Laura , Kromer Bernd , Friedrich Ronny , Wacker Lukas , Cattani Maurizio , Friedrich Michael , Paleček Dragana , Pelloni Enrico , Peng Kehua , Thomas Michael Eric , Talamo Sahra 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTNowadays, most radiocarbon (14C) laboratories can reliably avoid and remove any possible sample contamination during the pretreatment of organic samples (e.g., bones, charcoal, or trees) thanks to a series of methods commonly used by the radiocarbon community. However, what about the final step, the storage of graphite? Rarely do the laboratories produce their graphite and ship it as pressed targets to accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) facilities for measurement. Pressed graphite in aluminum targets are vulnerable to contamination, and during shipment or storage, exogenous carbon can be introduced again. Here we report a test on various archaeological sample materials from different environments and different periods (from the past three millennia to the Middle Paleolithic period). We transformed them into graphite, pressed the graphite into targets and sent them to two different AMS laboratories to be dated. We observe that packing details of the targets, extended shipment and storage time may lead to contamination which can be avoided by appropriate packaging in tight metal cans and sealed in vacuum bags. Close cooperation and coordination between our chemistry laboratory and the AMS facilities, high standards in contamination removal, and efficient measurement planning enabled us to obtain reliable 14C ages within a short time.
THE FOOL'S ERRAND IN TERENCE'S HECYRA
Authors: Dwyer Justin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAbout halfway through Terence's Hecyra, Pamphilus sends his slave Parmeno on a fool's errand to find Callidemides, a (non-existent) friend of his (415–50). Previous analyses of this unique exchange have revealed several layers of humour at work, but this article proposes a new reading of the scene through the lens of performance and staging which suggests that Pamphilus’ verbal description of Callidemides is lifted from the physical appearance of Parmeno himself. This scenario accounts for all the elements of the fool's errand provided by Terence and ties the scene into the play's broader thematic interest in stock character subversion.
Earnings Autocorrelation and the Post-Earnings-Announcement Drift: Experimental Evidence
Authors: Fink Josef , Palan Stefan , Theissen Erik 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPost-earnings-announcement drift (PEAD) is one of the most solidly documented asset pricing anomalies. We use the controlled conditions of the experimental lab to investigate whether earnings autocorrelation is the driving cause of this anomaly. We observe PEAD in settings with uncorrelated and correlated earnings surprises, confirming that earnings autocorrelation is not a necessary condition for PEAD. Instead, it acts as an accelerator: PEAD is stronger when earnings surprises are correlated. We further show that market prices underadjust to fundamental value changes, and that trading strategies can profitably exploit the PEAD.
Deep Learning in Characteristics-Sorted Factor Models
Authors: Feng Guanhao , He Jingyu , Polson Nicholas G. , Xu Jianeng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis article presents an augmented deep factor model that generates latent factors for cross-sectional asset pricing. The conventional security sorting on firm characteristics for constructing long–short factor portfolio weights is nonlinear modeling, while factors are treated as inputs in linear models. We provide a structural deep-learning framework to generalize the complete mechanism for fitting cross-sectional returns by firm characteristics through generating risk factors (hidden layers). Our model has an economic-guided objective function that minimizes aggregated realized pricing errors. Empirical results on high-dimensional characteristics demonstrate robust asset pricing performance and strong investment improvements by identifying important raw characteristic sources.
Sexual abuse and psychotic phenomena: a directed acyclic graph analysis of affective symptoms using English national psychiatric survey data
Authors: Moffa Giusi , Kuipers Jack , Kuipers Elizabeth , McManus Sally , Bebbington Paul 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundSexual abuse and bullying are associated with poor mental health in adulthood. We previously established a clear relationship between bullying and symptoms of psychosis. Similarly, we would expect sexual abuse to be linked to the emergence of psychotic symptoms, through effects on negative affect.MethodWe analysed English data from the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Surveys, carried out in 2007 (N = 5954) and 2014 (N = 5946), based on representative national samples living in private households. We used probabilistic graphical models represented by directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). We obtained measures of persecutory ideation and auditory hallucinosis from the Psychosis Screening Questionnaire, and identified affective symptoms using the Clinical Interview Schedule. We included cannabis consumption and sex as they may determine the relationship between symptoms. We constrained incoming edges to sexual abuse and bullying to respect temporality.ResultsIn the DAG analyses, contrary to our expectations, paranoia appeared early in the cascade of relationships, close to the abuse variables, and generally lying upstream of affective symptoms. Paranoia was consistently directly antecedent to hallucinations, but also indirectly so, via non-psychotic symptoms. Hallucinosis was also the endpoint of pathways involving non-psychotic symptoms.ConclusionsVia worry, sexual abuse and bullying appear to drive a range of affective symptoms, and in some people, these may encourage the emergence of hallucinations. The link between adverse experiences and paranoia is much more direct. These findings have implications for managing distressing outcomes. In particular, worry may be a salient target for intervention in psychosis.
National health technology assessment in Turkiye after a decade: are key principles followed?
Authors: Avşar Tuba Saygın , Yıldırım Hasan Hüseyin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Health technology assessment (HTA) is growing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to ensure optimal use of limited resources. However, the impact of HTAs on decision making in LMICs has been limited. The study aimed to provide an overview of Turkiye’s progress since establishing the first HTA agency in 2012.

Methods
The web sites of three national HTA agencies in Turkiye were searched for HTA guidelines and national HTA reports. The HTA guidelines were assessed by two researchers independently against the key principles of HTA developed by Drummond et al., and the HTA reports against the national guidelines.

Results
The study included one HTA guideline and eight national HTA reports. The guideline included very limited technical guidance. Compliance with the principles was poor to moderate, and significant methodological limitations were identified. The reports were inconsistent regarding the scope and the HTA assessment criteria. The link between HTA findings, HTA decision making, and health policies were not clear.

Discussion
The inconsistencies between the reports and the methodological limitations demonstrate the need for national HTA guidelines. Improving the characteristics of the HTA might impact implementation. Among the key issues is transparency regarding priority setting, the HTA process, and decision making.

Conclusion
Establishing and adopting national HTA guidelines at international standards is needed. Involving external scientific committees and health economists in the HTA processes might help ensure that the key principles of HTA are followed. The study findings might be helpful for countries that are developing their HTA systems.
Disparity-persistence and the multistep friendship paradox
Authors: Berenhaut Kenneth S. , Zhang Chi M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the friendship paradox in the context of random walks and paths. Among our results, we give an equality connecting long-range degree correlation, degree variability, and the degree-wise effect of additional steps for a random walk on a graph. Random paths are also considered, as well as applications to acquaintance sampling in the context of core-periphery structure.
A general framework for the semantics of type theory
Authors: Uemura Taichi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe propose an abstract notion of a type theory to unify the semantics of various type theories including Martin–Löf type theory, two-level type theory, and cubical type theory. We establish basic results in the semantics of type theory: every type theory has a bi-initial model; every model of a type theory has its internal language; the category of theories over a type theory is bi-equivalent to a full sub-2-category of the 2-category of models of the type theory.
Acute coronary syndrome due to multi-vessel coronary artery spasm in an Afghan refugee adolescent mimicking recurrent myocarditis
Authors: Donmez Yasemin Nuran , Erat Mehmet , Tapci Ayse Esra , Yigit Hasan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractVasospastic angina is extremely uncommon for adolescents to experience chest discomfort, which is defined by transitory ST segment elevation or depression and angina symptoms that occur while at rest. It may result in potentially fatal conditions like myocardial infarction, ventricular fibrillation, or even sudden cardiac arrest. To aim of this article is to report a very rare case of a 17-year-old male Afghan refugee who was diagnosed with vasospastic angina after presenting with chest pain, and after receiving calcium channel blocker and nitrates for medical therapy, there were no angina attacks. Our case underlines the value of a thorough evaluation of adolescent’s chest pain, the need to diagnose based on the symptoms, and the necessity of performing coronary angiography to rule out coronary causes when there is a high suspicion to a cardiac cause.
Association of coffee consumption with the prevalence of hearing loss in US adults, NHANES 2003–2006
Authors: Wu Shan , Zhu Shiheng , Mo Fengxin , Yuan Xiaojing , Zheng Qiutong , Bai Yan , Yang Wenhan , Chen Qingsong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjective:This study aims to explore the association between coffee consumption and the prevalence of hearing loss in American adults based on a national population-based survey.Design:Cross-sectional analysis of reported audiometric status and coffee intake from the 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Multivariate logistic regression, forest plots and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses were used to explore the associations and dose–response relationships between coffee consumption frequency and hearing loss.Setting:The USA.Participant:This study included 1894 individuals aged ≥ 20 from the 2003–2006 NHANES.Results:In this study, the prevalence of speech-frequency hearing loss (SFHL) and high-frequency hearing loss (HFHL) among the participants was 35·90 % and 51·54 %, respectively. Compared with those who no consumed coffee, non-Hispanic White who consumed ≥ 4 cups/d had higher prevalence of SFHL (OR: 1·87; 95 % CI: 1·003. 3·47). And a positive trend of coffee consumption frequency with the prevalence of HFHL was found (Ptrend= 0·001). This association of HFHL was similar for participants aged 20–64 (Ptrend= 0·001), non-Hispanic White (Ptrend= 0·002), non-noise exposure participants (Ptrend= 0·03) and noise-exposed participants (Ptrend= 0·003). The forest plots analysis found that the association between 1 cup-increment of daily coffee consumption and the prevalence of HFHL was statistically significant in males. RCS model supported a positive linear association of coffee consumption with SFHL (Pfor overall association = 0·02,Pfor nonlinearity = 0·48) and a positive non-linear association of coffee consumption with HFHL (Pfor overall association = 0·001,Pfor nonlinearity = 0·001).Conclusion:Our findings suggested that coffee consumption was associated with higher prevalence of hearing loss. Further cohort studies in larger population are needed to investigate these findings.
Exploring the genetic diversity ofAegle marmelos(L.) Correa populations in India
Authors: Chaturvedi Kanupriya , Kumara Uday , Sane Anuradha , Singh Pritee , Kumar Prakash , Tripathi Prakash Chandra 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBael is an important sub-tropical fruit crop in family Rutaceae that is widely distributed throughout South-East Asia. For local communities, the nutritious composition of its fruits and leaves offers tremendous economic and social possibilities to exploit. However, its underutilized status, as well as man-made threats to its natural habitat, make it imperative to implement concrete strategies for its cultivation and conservation. To fully grasp the ability of this adaptable fruit tree for human health and environmental well-being, it is necessary to characterize the genetic diversity. The goal of this study was to use morphological (13 quantitative traits), biochemical (9 attributes) and molecular (10 SRAP primers) characterization to evaluate 24 bael genotypes from two agroecological zones of India. Fruit and pulp weight ranged from 79.0– to 1478.8 g and 15.0– to 894.3 g with mean values of 448.67 and 233.3 g, respectively. Traits such as fruit, pulp, and seed weight (g), fruit length (cm) and width (cm), number of fruits per tree, number of seeds per fruit, shell weight (g) and shell thickness (mm) recorded highly significant differences. High phenol (11.65–24.38 mg GAE/g fw) and flavonoid (12.32–74.63 mg CE/g fw) content was observed in fruit pulp indicating significant antioxidant potential of this fruit. Several morphological and biochemical characters were found to have significant positive correlations. Principal component analysis revealed that first five components contributed 96.76% to total variation. Hierarchical cluster analysis separated the populations into two distinct clusters, while analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) using SRAP markers revealed that 70% of the total marker variation was due to interpopulation variance, while 30% was attributed to intrapopulation.
‘A REMARKABLE ARTIFICE’: LAPLACE, POISSON AND MATHEMATICAL PURITY
Authors: PEL BRAM 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn the early nineteenth century, a series of articles by Laplace and Poisson discussed the importance of ‘directness’ in mathematical methodology. In this thesis, we argue that their conception of a ‘direct’ proof is similar to the more widely contemplated notion of a ‘pure’ proof. More rigorous definitions of mathematical purity were proposed in recent publications by Arana and Detlefsen, as well as by Kahle and Pulcini: we compare Laplace and Poisson’s writings with these modern definitions of purity and show how the modern definitions fail to grasp some more nuanced aspects.
Flood Retention Lakes in a Rural‐Urban Catchment: Climate‐Dominated and Configuration‐Affected Performances
Authors: Yan Haochen , Guan Mingfu , Kong Yong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFlood retention lakes (RLs) are widely employed in rural‐urban catchments with low impacts on the natural environment. However, insights are lacking regarding the control of climate conditions on RLs' performances and how they are affected by different geographic configurations. This study applies a 2D hydrodynamic model to perform a catchment‐scale performance assessment of RLs beyond the scope of analytical and hydrological models. We conduct extensive numerical experiments of rainstorm‐induced flooding in a rural‐urban catchment with a constructed RL and blueprinted ones upstream. Results demonstrate an L‐shaped band of satisfactory performance of the current RL in the frequency‐duration diagram, which coincides with short return periods (<5 years) and long durations (>4 hr), or short durations (<3 hr) and moderate to long return periods (5–50 years); such L‐shaped pattern is also valid for additional RLs and their combinations. With the increase in event size, the first two modes of RL performance (out of four) correspond to effective flood mitigation. When working jointly, RLs with series configurations are more effective in reducing the mainstream flood peaks, while parallel connections provide a greater spatial extent of flood hazard mitigation. For both series and parallel configurations, the upstream‐weighted settings tend to outperform downstream‐weighted ones under more extreme events; the decentralized arrangement in the urban area yields more benefits in spatial flood hazard mitigation compared to the centralized case. The study highlights the critical role of rainstorm severity (with possible spatiotemporal variabilities) in controlling RL performances despite various configurations and hydraulic settings.