bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Oxygen Trimer: Multiplet Structures and Stability
Authors: Castro‐Gómez L. Beatriz , Campos‐Martínez José , Hernández Marta I. , Hernández‐Lamoneda Ramón 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe present a detailed theoretical study of the molecular oxygen trimer where the potential energy surfaces of the seven multiplet states have been calculated by means of a pair approximation with very accurate dimer ab initio potentials. In order to obtain all the states a matrix representation of the potential using the uncoupled spin representation has been applied. The
and
states are nearly degenerate and low‐lying isomers appear for most multiplicities. A crucial point in deciding the relative stabilities is the zero‐point energy which represents a sizable fraction of the electronic well‐depth. Therefore, we have performed accurate diffusion Monte Carlo studies of the lowest state in each multiplicity. Analysis of the wavefunction allows a deeper interpretation of the cluster structures, finding that they are significantly floppy in most cases.
Photocatalytic Dehydroformylation of Benzyl Alcohols to Arenes
Authors: Kolb Daniel , Almasalma Ahmad A. , Morgenstern Martin , Ganser Leon , Weidacher Isabel , König Burkhard 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn the last decades, many C−C bond‐forming reactions have been developed, whereas less attention has been paid to the design of strategies involving C−C bond cleavage. We report a photocatalytic dehydroformylation sequence for the conversion of benzyl alcohols to arenes in a one‐pot two‐step process. Herein, the initial dehydrogenation of the benzyl alcohols to the corresponding benzaldehydes is combined with an additional decarbonylation step yielding arenes. As a result, a broad range of benzyl alcohols can be easily transformed in short times under mild photocatalytic conditions. The conducted mechanistic studies indicate that our cooperative hydrogen atom transfer (HAT)‐cobalt system proceeds through the formation of α‐alkoxy‐ and acyl radicals as key intermediates, involving concomitant syngas (CO+H2) generation.
Energy‐efficient selection of relay for UWSNs in the Internet of underwater things
Authors: Haseeb Saad , Khalil Afzal Muhammad , Tahir Muhammad , Raza Jafri Mohsin , Raza Naeem 
Published: September 2023

SummaryInternet of underwater things (IoUT) for underwater monitoring is known worldwide for smart interlinked underwater things that exhibit the capacity to monitor the vast unexplored waters of the oceans. Concept of IoUT has been derived from Internet of Things (IoT) in order to acquire the exquisite benefits of networking in underwater environment. IOT standards and technologies do not work well in underwater environment, such as infrared, Wi‐Fi, and radio frequency (RF) due to high channel errors and limited range up to few meters. Acoustic waves, however, can be used to communicate both in shallow and deep oceans due to their low frequency (kHZ) signal. In context of IoUT, communication based on acoustic links enables different applications such as underwater exploration, environmental monitoring, and disaster prevention even without availability of GPS facility like free space environment. In unpredictable and changing underwater environment, energy efficiency becomes a major challenge during data routing along multiple devices. Batteries of the sensor nodes, autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), and remotely operated vehicle (ROV) cannot be removed with easiness and difficult to recharge, and the only way out is efficient sensor node selection for relaying to save massive amount of energy. Energy aware channel routing protocol (ECARP) does not consider the depth of the node while selecting the relay nodes to forward the data. Relay node selection in underwater Internet of things (IOUT) is a primary problem addressed in this research based on channel state information (CSI) for establishing best path to relay information among IOUT devices. Our major focus was to develop better technique for the relay node selection using a CSI and select relay node by looking at its depth from ocean surface and residual energy in the proposed ED‐CARP. Simulation results validate that proposed ED‐CARP can decrease the communication cost and increase the network lifetime.
Tryptamine: A privileged scaffold for the management of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Singh Yash P. , Kumar Harish 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic and irreversible neurodegenerative disease associated with aging. It is characterized by the progressive loss of memory and other cognitive functions. Although the exact etiology of AD is not well explored, several factors, such as the deposition of amyloid‐β (Aβ) plaques, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, presence of low levels of acetylcholine, and generation of oxidative stress, are key mediators in the progression of AD. Currently, the clinical treatment options for AD are limited and are based on cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors (e.g., donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine), N‐methyl‐
d‐aspartic acid receptor antagonists (e.g., memantine), and the recently approved Aβ modulator (e.g., aducanumab). Tryptamine (2‐(1H‐indol‐3‐yl)ethan‐1‐amine) is a small molecule that contains an indole nucleus and an ethylamine side chain. It is also the active metabolite of tryptophan. It possesses a wide range of biological activities related to neurodegenerative disorders, such as ChE inhibition, Aβ aggregation inhibition, antioxidant effects, monoamine‐oxidase inhibition, and neuroprotection. Several tryptamine‐based hybrid analogs are currently being investigated as multifunctional agents for the development of novel hybrids for AD treatment. Thus, this review article aims to provide in‐depth insights into the research progress and strategies for designing multifunctional agents used in Alzheimer's therapy.
Traditional versus virtual partial hospital programme for eating disorders: Feasibility and preliminary comparison of effects
Authors: Penwell Taylor E. , Smith Melanie , Ortiz Shelby N. , Brooks Gayle , Thompson‐Brenner Heather 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveMinimal research has examined teletherapy for group or intensive eating disorder (ED) treatment, particularly partial hospital programme (PHP). This study compared treatment outcomes for individuals treated before and after a pandemic‐driven implementation of virtual PHP.MethodPatients received care at ED treatment centres using the Renfrew Unified Treatment for Eating Disorders and Comorbidity. Patients treated with virtual PHP were compared to patients treated with traditional PHP. Measures of ED symptomology and behaviours, depressive symptoms, anxiety severity, anxiety sensitivity, experiential avoidance, mindfulness, and body mass index (BMI; reported for anorexia nervosa [AN] patients only) were collected at intake and discharge. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the effect of treatment group on outcomes, controlling for intake score, comorbidity, discharge status, AN diagnosis, and step‐down status.ResultsDifferences in treatment type were only found for binge eating frequency, with those in virtual PHP reporting significantly lower binge eating episodes at discharge than those in traditional PHP. Body mass index showed significantly less improvement in virtual PHP than in traditional PHP.ConclusionsPreliminary results suggest virtual PHP is feasible and effective, potentially increasing access to evidence‐based, intensive ED treatment. However, additional research is needed to establish efficacious support for weight gain among individuals with AN in virtual programs.
The importance of grain‐related shear velocity in predicting multi‐monthly dune growth
Authors: Strypsteen Glenn 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study assesses the accuracy of the aeolian transport model proposed by van Rijn and Strypsteen in 2020 in predicting sediment transport rates for dune growth, with a focus on the importance of grain‐related shear velocity. A 9‐month dataset of local and regional wind characteristics and dune growth from a new artificial dune with planted marram grass in an environment with minor supply limitations was analysed. The study site is located in Oosteroever, Belgium. The results revealed that utilizing local measured overall shear velocities resulted in significant overprediction of dune volume changes. Incorporating sub‐models for grain‐related bed roughness and shear velocity improved the predictions of dune growth drastically with high statistical results (r2 = 0.98 and RMSE = 0.64 m3/m). The primary driver contributing to dune growth at the study site was due to oblique onshore moderate winds of 10 m/s, as revealed from a frequency‐magnitude analysis. The model could be used with either local wind measurements or regional data transformed to local beach conditions. The study highlights the importance of considering grain‐related shear velocity in future studies to improve the prediction of sand transport rates and enhance our understanding of dune evolution.
Sensory evaluation of axillary odour samples of younger and older adults by a trained panel
Authors: Owsienko Diana , Schwinn Leo , Eskofier Bjoern M. , Kiesswetter Eva , Loos Helene M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIt has been reported that a distinct ‘old person smell’ can develop with advancing age, however, this odour has not yet been sufficiently described in previous research. Sensory evaluation by a trained panel might be useful to describe alterations with age in body odour (BO). To evaluate the alterations and achieve first insights into the ‘old person smell’, this pilot study determined the odour profiles of BO samples from both a younger and an older age group with a trained panel. In addition, we aimed to assess whether the panellists can recognize the age group based on the smell of the BO samples. Eight younger (20–28 years) and eight older (80–83 years) participants sampled their BO by wearing a cotton T‐shirt for one night. The samples were sensorially evaluated by a trained panel, including ratings of total intensity and pleasantness. Additionally, an age labelling task was performed as a forced‐choice decision. Results revealed that the odour profiles of the BO samples were very similar for both age groups. Nevertheless, trained panellists were able to predict the age group with significantly higher accuracy (p = .042) than expected by chance (61% mean accuracy over all panellists). Furthermore, a linear support vector machine (SVM) classifier achieved an average accuracy of 69%. This finding indicates that the age of a person affects the BO, though it is not reflected in significantly distinct odour profiles.
How to detect and forecast corporate fraud by media reports? An approach using machine learning and qualitative comparative analysis
Authors: Qiu Shi , Luo Yuansheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe media plays an important role in detecting corporate financial fraud. However, little systematic research exists on the impact of media reports on corporate fraud detection; thus, our understanding of the impact is limited. Therefore, we are committed to determining how the configuration of different media report content systematically detects corporate fraud by logistical regression, grounded theory and qualitative comparative analysis (QCA). First, the media reports are classified into three major categories and 35 subclasses to determine their features through fraud triangle theory and grounded theory. Then, based on a dataset of 110 fraudulent listed companies and 110 matched listed companies from 2010 to 2020, three major features comprising 10 subclasses are identified by the logistical regression method. The causal configurations of the features of media reports that detect corporate fraud are explored using the QCA method. The results show that five particular associations can interpret corporate fraud revelation by meeting the equifinality and asymmetric causality principles. Finally, the combined model is proposed. Through 56 fraudulent listed companies and 56 matched listed companies from 2021 to 2022, the combined model is proven to be most effective in detecting corporate fraud. In summary, we offer theoretical contributions to corporate fraud detection and empirical experiences for corporate managers and regulators.
Efficiency and productivity analysis of maternal and infant healthcare services in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Ibrahim Mustapha D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe paper examines the efficiency and productivity of Sub‐Saharan African (SSA) countries towards maternal and infant healthcare services between 2015 and 2019. Data envelopment analysis is utilised to evaluate efficiency, and Malmquist‐Luenberger's (ML) productivity estimation is employed for productivity analysis. The results indicate inefficiency in SSA maternal and infant healthcare services. Average efficiency is pegged at 85%, and 60% of the countries evaluated had below‐average efficiency. Effects of socioeconomic dynamics of countries were analysed. Preliminary estimations on the impact of Gross domestic product (GDP), education, urban population, and total population on efficiency are not significant. Although GDP and education sometimes show that they influence efficiency positively. Sensitivity analysis indicates efficiency to be more responsive to health expenditure, as well as to nurses and midwives. ML Productivity decomposition into technical efficiency change and technological change indicates improvement in technical efficiency as the principal driver of efficiency and productivity. Policy recommendations are made in line with the findings, requirements, and constraints of SSA countries.
Insight into the dynamics of a Newtonian fluid through a rectangular domain with an emphasis on heat transfer
Authors: Ambethkar Vusala , Basumatary Lakshmi Rani 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFluid flow coupled with temperature effects has attained prime importance due to its huge applications in different fields like casting and welding industries, geothermal extraction, and lubrication technologies. The present study is a novel numerical method for computations for fluid flow with temperature effects in a rectangular domain. A control volume method is employed as a numerical method for solving continuity, momentum, and energy equations. Owing to the difficulties associated with solving these governing equations, numerical computations are presented in the computational grid by using the control volume method. A modified algorithm is suggested for the current problem. The magnitude of the velocity, temperature, and pressure at different nodes in horizontal and vertical directions of the computational domain is investigated. Along the diagonal nodes, the pressure declines and then grows consistently. The temperature for mercury is higher than for water at a particular node.
The myth of business cycle sector rotation
Authors: Molchanov Alexander , Stangl Jeffrey 
Published: September 2023

AbstractConventional wisdom suggests that sectors/industries provide systematic performance and that business cycle rotation strategies generate excess market performance. However, we find no evidence of systematic sector performance where popular belief anticipates it will occur. At best, conventional sector rotation generates modest outperformance, which quickly diminishes after allowing for transaction costs and incorrectly timing the business cycle. The results are robust to alternative sector and business cycle definitions. We find that relaxing sector rotation assumptions and letting any industry excess return predict future returns of other industries results in predictability not significantly different than what would be expected by random chance.
Cervical assessment certification and its impact on performance quality in the context of universal cervical screening
Authors: Stratulat Vasilica , Melamed Nir , Barrett Jon , Ladhani Noor N. N. , Anabusi Saja , Quaglietta Paula , Hack Kalesha , Ronzoni Stefania 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the impact of the introduction of universal transvaginal cervical screening and certification on the quality of cervical length ultrasound images.MethodsThe present study included a retrospective cohort of singleton pregnancies that underwent transvaginal cervical length measurement at the anatomical scan (180/7 and 236/7 weeks) before (period A, 2015–2017) and after (period B, 2017–2019) the introduction of universal transvaginal cervical length screening. Independent observers blindly evaluated the images obtained for cervical length using a qualitative scoring method based on five criteria, according to the Fetal Medicine Foundation.ResultsIn all, 6013 patients met the inclusion criteria, 3333 in period A and 2680 in period B. Maternal characteristics and risk factors for preterm birth were similar between the two periods. The acceptance of transvaginal cervical length measurement in period B was 95.5% in the overall cohort and 100% in the subgroup of high‐risk patients. The quality score was significantly higher in period B than in period A. Among the image quality criteria, the anterior/posterior ratio, the correct magnification of the images, and the calipers' placement contributed significantly to the improved quality score in period B. Most of the sonographers performed better in period B, irrespective of the years of experience, but certificate holders obtained higher scores than non‐certified sonographers, particularly those in mid‐career. The identification of short cervix was significantly higher in period B than in period A.ConclusionThe implementation of universal transvaginal cervical length screening and the certification process are associated with improved quality of cervical length images, even among expert sonographers and in the presence of anatomical pitfalls.
Radiomics in colorectal cancer
Authors: Wu Long , Wu Huan , Li Chen , Zhang Baofang , Li Xiaoyun , Zhen Yunhuan , Li Haiyang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is a global health challenge with high morbidity and mortality. Radiomics, an emerging field, utilizes quantitative imaging features extracted from medical images for CRC diagnosis, staging, treatment response assessment, and prognostication. This review highlights the potential of radiomics for personalized CRC management. Radiomics enables noninvasive tumor characterization, aiding in early detection and accurate diagnosis, and it can be used to predict tumor stage, lymph node involvement, and prognosis. Furthermore, radiomics guides personalized therapies by assessing the treatment response and identifying patients who could benefit. Challenges include standardizing imaging protocols and analysis techniques. Robust validation frameworks and user‐friendly software are needed for the integration of radiomics into clinical practice. Despite challenges, radiomics offers valuable insights into tumor biology, treatment response, and prognosis in CRC. Overcoming technical and clinical hurdles will unlock its full potential in CRC management.
Development and circuitry of the tunicate larval Motor Ganglion, a putative hindbrain/spinal cord homolog
Authors: Piekarz Katarzyna M. , Stolfi Alberto 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Motor Ganglion (MG) is a small collection of neurons that control the swimming movements of the tunicate tadpole larva. Situated at the base of the tail, molecular and functional comparisons suggest that may be a homolog of the spinal cord and/or hindbrain (“rhombospinal” region) of vertebrates. Here we review the most current knowledge of the development, connectivity, functions, and unique identities of the neurons that comprise the MG, drawn mostly from studies inCionaspp. The simple cell lineages, minimal cellular composition, and comprehensively mapped “connectome” of theCionaMG all make this an excellent model for studying the development and physiology of motor control in aquatic larvae.
Preferences for long‐acting pre‐exposure prophylaxis among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in Taiwan: findings from the 2021 HEART Survey
Authors: Hsu Jing‐Hao , Ku Stephane Wen‐Wei , Chen Tsai‐Wei , Li Chia‐Wen , Huang Poyao , Wu Huei‐Jiuan , Bourne Adam , Strong Carol 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionWhile various antiretrovirals have been studied as potential candidates for long‐acting pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), the bimonthly injectable cabotegravir—the first long‐acting form of PrEP—was approved in 2021. Event‐driven (ED) PrEP has been the most prevalent dosing regimen among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) in Taiwan, providing a unique setting to observe the preferences for long‐acting PrEP in a community where the daily regimen is not the mainstream method. This study aimed to determine the preferences for the different forms and dosing intervals of long‐acting PrEP that are currently in the development pipeline.MethodsWe conducted a survey in 2021 by convenience sampling the users of social networking applications for GBMSM in Taiwan. Our survey included questions on sexual behaviours, current PrEP regimens and the preferences for potential candidates of long‐acting PrEP, such as implants, intramuscular and subcutaneous injections. We compared the Likert‐scale preference ratings for potential long‐acting options, and conducted logistic regression analysis to examine the factors associated with a preference for bimonthly intramuscular injections (2M IM) over ED and daily PrEP regimens, respectively.ResultsA total of 1728 responses were eligible for analysis. Three percent of respondents (n = 52) were daily PrEP users; 11.5% (n = 198) were ED PrEP users. When not considering cost, current PrEP users—regardless of their original dosing regimen—were most likely to express preferences for monthly oral PrEP, followed by a 6‐month subcutaneous injectable (6M SC) and 2M IM. However, among non‐current PrEP users, monthly oral PrEP was the most preferred form, followed by ED, daily oral and 6M SC injectable. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that current daily users, those willing to take PrEP in the next 6 months and those with more sex partners in the last 12 months had a significant correlation with preferences for the 2M IM injectable over the ED PrEP.ConclusionsThe monthly oral form was the most preferable long‐acting PrEP among GBMSM in Taiwan. Current daily PrEP users preferred the 2M IM injectable over the ED PrEP, which made the 2M IM injectable a potential alternative. Further studies should focus on how the cost and delivery affect PrEP preferences and their actual uptake.