bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncommon presentation of an invasive T‐cell lymphoma in a young Warmblood stallion
Authors: de Bruijn E. , Rutigliano L. , Hiltrop R. , Chiers K. , Raes E. , Paulussen E. 
Published: January 2025

SummaryA 2‐year‐old stallion was referred to the Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine of Ghent University with signs of lethargy and anorexia. Abdominal and thoracic ultrasound appeared normal. Biochemistry revealed severe liver dysfunction and haematology indicated a leucocytosis. Therefore, treatment with broad‐spectrum antimicrobials and supportive perfusion therapy was initiated. After a few days severe quidding was observed. Oral examination identified a suspected mass of the soft palate. Radiographs confirmed the presence of a soft tissue mass in the left maxillary sinuses. Due to cost constraints, computed tomography (CT) could not be performed. As the clinical condition deteriorated, the stallion was euthanised. Post‐mortem examination revealed an unusual, multicentric T‐cell lymphoma, characterised by a primary, bilaterally symmetrical, severely invasive mass in the head with metastases in numerous lymph nodes and multiple thoracic and abdominal organs.
Mare colostrum quality and relationship with foal serum immunoglobulin G concentrations and average daily weight gains
Authors: Gallacher Kirsty , Champion Katherine , Denholm Katharine S. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundFoals suffer from total failure to transfer passive immunity (TFTPI) when serum immunoglobulin (IgG) is <4 g/L, and partial failure to transfer passive immunity (PFTPI) when serum IgG is 4–8 g/L.ObjectivesTo explore risk factors for poor serum IgG concentration.Study designRetrospective observational study.MethodsData from 535 Thoroughbred foals born to 177 mares were analysed and included foal sex, birthweight, month and year of birth and colostrum Brix %. Associations between dam age and colostrum Brix (%); and between foal serum IgG and liveweight gains were also measured. Pre‐suckle colostrum samples and foal blood samples were collected (by jugular venipuncture within 12–24 h of birth). IgG was estimated in mare colostrum and foal serum using Brix refractometry and turbidimetric immunoassay, respectively. Foals were weighed within 20 h of birth; daily until 7 days of age and weekly until 130 days of age.ResultsMean foal serum IgG was 10.78 g/L (SD = 3.26) and mean mare colostrum Brix was 27.32% (SD = 5.96). A number of colostrum samples (20.9%, n = 112/535) measured <20% Brix and 20.4% of foals (n = 109/535) had serum IgG concentrations ≤8 g/L, 2.2% of foals (n = 12/535) had serum IgG less than or equal to 4 g/L and 18.1% (n = 97/535) had serum IgG between 4.1 g/L and 8 g/L. Foals had an average daily gain (ADG, kg) of 1.26 kg (SD = 0.14). Serum IgG (g/L) was associated with year of birth, birthweight (kg) and colostrum Brix (%). For every unit increase in foal birthweight (kg), there were small, significant increases in foal serum IgG (0.04 g/L, p = 0.04). Similarly, for every unit increased in mare colostrum Brix (%) there were small, significant increases in foal serum IgG (0.25 g/L, p < 0.001). Month of birth was significantly associated with colostrum Brix (%) and with average daily gains; with lower values for both outcome parameters with increasing calendar month. Increasing dam age at foaling was associated with lower colostrum Brix (%).Main limitationsRetrospective design with missing data, small convenience sample.ConclusionsSeveral risk factors were significantly associated with foal serum IgG and mare colostrum Brix (%) in the current work.
Notch and Fracture Mechanics‐Based Assessment of Multiaxial Fatigue Thresholds of Defects and Sharp Notches in Metallic Materials
Authors: Collini Francesco , Rigon Daniele , Meneghetti Giovanni 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis investigation focuses on the constant amplitude (CA) multiaxial fatigue limit of components made of metallic materials weakened by defects, cracks, and sharp U‐ and/or V‐notches. To estimate the multiaxial fatigue thresholds of plain, sharply notched, and cracked materials and defects, a novel theoretical framework based on the well‐known averaged strain energy density (SED) criterion is proposed, which extends the Atzori–Lazzarin–Meneghetti (ALM) diagram to multiaxial loading. The proposed design equations are validated against 128 experimental multiaxial fatigue limits, taken from the literature.
Fracture toughness degradation of rare earth zirconate‐yttria‐stabilized zirconia (RE = Sm and Gd) composite after high‐temperature treatment
Authors: Sun Chuan , He Pengfei , Hu Zhenfeng , Liang Xiubing , Liu Xiangyang , Wan Chunlei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThermal barrier coatings are mandated to exhibit exceptional mechanical properties, particularly high toughness, for enhanced thermal cycling durability. However, many newly developed materials exhibit low fracture toughness, limiting their performance. To address this challenge, composite coatings have emerged as a strategic approach to enhance thermal shock resistance. This study delves into the toughening influence of yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) on rare earth zirconate (RE2Zr2O7, REZ) composites (RE = Sm or Gd). After sintering at 1300°C for 100 h, the absence of a monoclinic phase in REZ‐YSZ is attributed to the diffusion of rare earth elements into YSZ. Notably, while REZ‐YSZ composite coatings exhibit higher fracture toughness initially, they experience a decline in this property with prolonged sintering time. Our research highlights a significant finding in the development of YSZ‐toughened TBC materials.
Unveiling the advances and challenges in the development of Er3+‐doped tellurite fiber with embedded Ag nanoparticles
Authors: Kraskowski Iuliia , Nasser Khaldoon , Korri Juho , Närhi Mikko , Gumenyuk Regina , Othmani Abdelhak , Boussard‐Plédel Catherine , Troles Johann , Petit Laeticia 
Published: January 2025

AbstractEr3+‐doped fibers are widely used as 1.55 µm broadband optical amplifiers. Tellurite glasses are particularly suitable as a gain medium due to their lower phonon energy and better rare‐earth solubility compared to silica glass. Various strategies, such as reducing the OH content and co‐doping with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), are attempted to improve the spectroscopic properties. However, maintaining the glass drawability into fibers when developing glasses with improved spectroscopic properties remains a significant challenge. Indeed, it is confirmed that NH4HF2 can be added into the tellurite glass batch prior to the melting to reduce OH− content. However, the presence of remaining F in the glass is demonstrated to have a detrimental impact on the glass thermal properties preventing the drawing of this glass into fiber. The successful drawing of a single‐index optical fiber from a tellurite glass preform heavily doped with Er3+ ions is reported for the first time. The Ag NPs are grown in the fiber using a thermal treatment at the glass transition temperature. The presence of the NPs is confirmed using a TEM and from the spectroscopic properties. The interaction between Er3+ ions and the Ag species offers potential for modifying the luminescence properties of the fiber.
WRKY transcription factors: Hubs for regulating plant growth and stress responses
Authors: Yang Lu , Fang Siyu , Liu Lei , Zhao Lirong , Chen Wanqin , Li Xia , Xu Zhiyu , Chen Shidie , Wang Houping , Yu Diqiu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAs sessile organisms, plants must directly face various stressors. Therefore, plants have evolved a powerful stress resistance system and can adjust their growth and development strategies appropriately in different stressful environments to adapt to complex and ever‐changing conditions. Nevertheless, prioritizing defensive responses can hinder growth; this is a crucial factor for plant survival but is detrimental to crop production. As such, comprehending the impact of adverse environments on plant growth is not only a fundamental scientific inquiry but also imperative for the agricultural industry and for food security. The traditional view that plant growth is hindered during defense due to resource allocation trade‐offs is challenged by evidence that plants exhibit both robust growth and defensive capabilities through human intervention. These findings suggest that the growth‒defense trade‐off is not only dictated by resource limitations but also influenced by intricate transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. Hence, it is imperative to conduct thorough investigations on the central genes that govern plant resistance and growth in unfavorable environments. Recent studies have consistently highlighted the importance of WRKY transcription factors in orchestrating stress responses and plant‐specific growth and development, underscoring the pivotal role of WRKYs in modulating plant growth under stressful conditions. Here, we review recent advances in understanding the dual roles of WRKYs in the regulation of plant stress resistance and growth across diverse stress environments. This information will be crucial for elucidating the intricate interplay between plant stress response and growth and may aid in identifying gene loci that could be utilized in future breeding programs to develop crops with enhanced stress resistance and productivity.
Leveraging descriptor learning and functional map‐based shape matching for automated anatomical Landmarking in mouse mandibles
Authors: Thomas Oshane O. , Maga A. Murat 
Published: January 2025

AbstractGeometric morphometrics is used in the biological sciences to quantify morphological traits. However, the need for manual landmark placement hampers scalability, which is both time‐consuming, labor‐intensive, and open to human error. The selected landmarks embody a specific hypothesis regarding the critical geometry relevant to the biological question. Any adjustment to this hypothesis necessitates acquiring a new set of landmarks or revising them significantly, which can be impractical for large datasets. There is a pressing need for more efficient and flexible methods for landmark placement that can adapt to different hypotheses without requiring extensive human effort. This study investigates the precision and accuracy of landmarks derived from functional correspondences obtained through the functional map framework of geometry processing. We utilize a deep functional map network to learn shape descriptors, which enable us to achieve functional map‐based and point‐to‐point correspondences between specimens in our dataset. Our methodology involves automating the landmarking process by interrogating these maps to identify corresponding landmarks, using manually placed landmarks from the entire dataset as a reference. We apply our method to a dataset of rodent mandibles and compare its performance to MALPACA's, a standard tool for automatic landmark placement. Our model demonstrates a speed improvement compared to MALPACA while maintaining a competitive level of accuracy. Although MALPACA typically shows the lowest RMSE, our models perform comparably well, particularly with smaller training datasets, indicating strong generalizability. Visual assessments confirm the precision of our automated landmark placements, with deviations consistently falling within an acceptable range for MALPACA estimates. Our results underscore the potential of unsupervised learning models in anatomical landmark placement, presenting a practical and efficient alternative to traditional methods. Our approach saves significant time and effort and provides the flexibility to adapt to different hypotheses about critical geometrical features without the need for manual re‐acquisition of landmarks. This advancement can significantly enhance the scalability and applicability of geometric morphometrics, making it more feasible for large datasets and diverse biological studies.
Dorsal raphe nucleus receives retinal projections of morphologically distinct fibers in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus): A subunit B cholera labeling
Authors: Santana Nelyane N. M. , Escarião Wellydo K. M. , Silva Eryck H. A. , Fiuza Felipe P. , Nascimento Júnior Expedito S. , Costa Miriam S. M. O. , Engelberth Rovena Clara , Cavalcante Jeferson S. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractNon‐image forming (NIF) pathways, a specialized branch of retinal circuitry, play a crucial role supporting physiological and behavioral processes, including circadian rhythmicity. Among the NIF regions, the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), a midbrain serotonergic cluster of neurons, is also devoted to circadian functions. Despite indirectly send photic inputs to circadian centers and modulating their activities, little is known about the organization of retina‐DRN circuits in primate species. To enhance our understanding of the intrinsic organization of NIF circuits and identify retinoraphe innervation in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a diurnal non‐human primate model, we employed an anterograde tract‐tracing method to labeling terminal/fibers with cholera toxin subunit B (CTb) and characterized the morphology of their projections. Our analysis revealed that sparse CTb+ retinal terminals are predominantly located in dorsal subdomain of the DRN, displaying two morphological types, such as simple en passant and R2‐like terminals. This anatomical evidence suggests a phylogenetic stability of the retina‐DRN projections in diurnal primate species, potentially serving as a significant source of photic modulation on the serotonergic profile in the DRN. However, functional significance in primate models remains uncertain. Our data provide a crucial anatomical foundation for understanding the functional aspect of this circuitry in primates, contributing to the comprehension of the phylogenetic pathways used by NIF functions, such as circadian rhythmicity.
Acute and chronic systemic inflammation associated with canine nodular splenic lesions composed of heterogeneous cell components: four cases (2020‐2024)
Authors: Mourou K. , Abou Monsef Y. , Belluco S. , Penent M. , Delverdier M. , Hugonnard M. , Granat F. , Lavoue R. , Mantelli M. 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesTo describe the clinical presentation and clinicopathological findings of dogs with nodular splenic lesions composed of heterogeneous cell components associated with systemic inflammation and to provide information on the outcome after surgical resection.Materials and MethodsMedical records were searched for dogs with histologically and immunohistochemically characterised nodular splenic lesions with mixed stromal, histiocytic and lymphoid cells and the presence of systemic inflammatory markers at the time of diagnosis.ResultsFour dogs were included, of which three had an undifferentiated splenic stromal sarcoma and one had a splenic leiomyosarcoma. Fever and abdominal pain were reported in three and four cases, respectively. All dogs showed hyperglobulinaemia and marked changes in the serum protein electrophoresis profile. C‐reactive protein and fibrinogen concentrations were both increased in three cases. These abnormalities completely resolved after splenectomy. Moreover, two dogs had concomitant glomerular disease and one dog had liver amyloidosis. Three dogs were still alive and asymptomatic 1, 6 and 9 months after surgery. One dog died 16 months after the initial presentation due to complications related to progressive renal failure.Clinical SignificanceBased on this report, nodular splenic lesions with heterogeneous cell components may directly be associated with a pro‐inflammatory state and should be considered as part of the differential diagnosis of fever and hyperglobulinaemia in dogs. Furthermore, early recognition and treatment of these lesions could reduce the risk of systemic complications potentially associated with amyloid deposit and organ failure.
Identification of Rickettsia species in cattle ticks in selected regions of urban Ghana
Authors: Tawiah‐Mensah Christopher Nii Laryea , Addo Seth Offei , Ansah‐Owusu Jane , Malm Richard Odoi‐Teye , Salley Selma Nurudeen , Koffi Millie‐Cindy Aba Aude , Abudu Mufeez , Ladzekpo Danielle , Oduro Daniel , Akorli Jewelna , Dadzie Samuel K. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTicks continue to invade new regions spreading pathogens of zoonotic and veterinary importance. Diverse tick species have been reported in Ghana due to the continuous trade of livestock. In this study, ticks were collected from cattle in three sites within Southern Ghana. The 1489 ticks collected were morphologically identified and further confirmed using a molecular assay that amplifies the 660‐bp segment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene. These ticks were pooled and screened for pathogens of zoonotic importance. From the 215 tick pools screened, Rickettsia DNA was detected in 34 (15.81%). Sanger sequencing revealed the occurrence of Rickettsia africae (14.42%), the causative agent of African tick‐bite fever, and Rickettsia aeschlimannii (1.39%). Regular monitoring of tick populations is essential to generate data for creating effective control and preventive measures.
Charting New Courses to Adulthood in the Global South
Authors: Clark Shelley , Agnant Khandys 
Published: January 2025

AbstractGrowing up in an increasingly global world offers the youth of today unprecedented opportunities and novel challenges. This paper uses data from 47 countries to examine recent trends in how young men and women in the Global South navigate five key transitions to adulthood. Despite some similarities, we find little evidence of convergence across or within regions with respect to finishing school, becoming sexually active, forming a union, having a child, and working for pay. Further, although there have been impressive gains in education for both men and women over the past 20 years, labor force participation, particularly among women, has stalled or declined in most regions. Similarly, the steady increase in women's age of union formation was accompanied by relatively modest gains in their age of first childbirth and marriage continues to be incompatible with paid employment for many women. Overall, men and women follow strikingly different paths to adulthood and, with the exception of education, there are few signs of diminishing gender inequalities. Maximizing the economic and demographic potential of these better educated cohorts of youth will require increasing the availability of skilled jobs and helping women reconcile the competing demands of family and paid employment.
Mobilizing fears? How proximity to deportation threat affects political participation
Authors: Israel‐Trummel Mackenzie , Shortle Allyson , Bracic Ana 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPolicies often provoke political changes, which are collectively known as feedback effects. Studying state variation in immigration policy, scholars have shown that proximity to hostile policy tends to mobilize Latinos. But not every member of the Latino community is likely to perceive the same proximity to anti‐immigrant policies. We argue that when people worry that deportation is a risk to them, they are likely to withdraw politically, but when they worry about their close social network's risk of deportation, they are likely to mobilize. We use the 2016 Collaborative Multiracial Post‐Election Survey to test these relationships during a time of heightened anti‐immigrant policy proposals from then‐candidate Donald Trump. We find mixed evidence for our hypotheses. While perceived threat of deportation to one's network is negatively related to validated voter turnout, there is a substantial positive relationship between network threats and non‐voting participation. We also show that personal threats of deportation have no effect on mobilization once network threats and ties to undocumented people are accounted for. Our findings advance the literature on how proximity affects policy feedback effects by directly capturing perceived proximity to policy threat, net of objective proximity, and including forms of participation open to noncitizens.
Health locus of control and associated factors among community‐dwelling older adults: a cross‐sectional descriptive study
Authors: Deng Mengying , Lv Jinghong , Guo Chenming , Yang Yufan , Song Hongdan , Wang Zhiwen , Yu Mingming 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundTo know the level of health locus of control (HLC) and investigate the factors associated with HLC among community‐dwelling older adults.MethodA total of 470 older adults completed the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale, the Activities of Daily Living Scale, the Geriatric Depression Scale, and the Lubben Social Network Scale. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to explore the factors associated with HLC.ResultsGender, marital status, income and the number of chronic diseases were associated with internal HLC; age, educational level, income, activities of daily living and social networks were associated with powerful others HLC; social networks were associated with chance HLC (P < 0.05).ConclusionAs modifiable factors, physical function and social support are essential for improving HLC in older adults and interventional programs aiming at changing them could help older adults maintain acceptable levels of HLC.
Challenges faced by the caregivers of the elderly: a cross‐sectional survey from India
Authors: Saini Ruchi , Mittal Vanshika , Chaudhary Amandeep , Simar Priyanka , Gopera Shivani , Kapoor Vasudha , Kaur Sukhpal 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundOlder people often require support due to age‐related health issues, thereby increasing their dependency on caregivers. The caregivers often experience burdens of varying nature.ObjectiveTo assess the dependency level of the elderly and the challenges faced by their caregivers.Materials and MethodA total of 1265 elderly and 1000 caregivers were enrolled consecutively from an urban locality. After obtaining informed consent, the elderly were interviewed using the Lawton Independent Activities of Daily Living Scale to assess their dependency levels while the caregivers were interviewed using the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale to assess their burden related to caregiving. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Institute.ResultsAbout half (52.7%) of the elderly were aged between 60 and 70 years old and were female (54%). Sixty percent of the elderly were affected by a single illness. Among caregivers, 46% were aged between 31 and 40 years, 60% were female, and 44% were unemployed. The mean per capita family income was Rs 12 202.06 ± 7025.16 per month. It was found that about half (51.4%) of the elderly were independent, 48.1% were partially dependent and 0.5% were fully dependent. Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale revealed that 58.6% of caregivers experienced no to mild burden, 39.4% had mild to moderate burden, 2.0% had moderate to severe burden while none of them experienced severe burden. Significant association was found between the elderly's dependency level and their age, gender, education, occupation, and number of illnesses. It was also observed that an increase in the independence status of the elders reduces the caregiver's burden (r = −0.454, P < 0.01).ConclusionThe caregiver burden increases with the dependency level of the elderly, highlighting the need for adequate support for caregivers.