bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arm- und handspezifische Beschwerden, angstbedingte Vermeidungshaltung und Schmerzverhalten professioneller Orchestermusiker: Hohe und Tiefe Streicher
Authors: Böckelmann Irina , Huros David 
Published: January 2025

Zusammenfassung

Einleitung
Berufsmusiker sind aufgrund ihrer körperlichen Belastungen durch mehrstündiges Üben, Proben und Aufführungen einem erhöhten Risiko für gesundheitliche Beschwerden ausgesetzt. Die daraus resultierenden negativen Beanspruchungen können die Lebensqualität beeinträchtigen. Ziel war es, die arm- und handspezifischen Beanspruchungen von Streichern zu untersuchen.

Methoden
Von 2016 bis 2018 wurde eine prospektive Querschnittsstudie mit 60 Streichmusikern und Akademisten (43,9 ± 13,1 Jahre alt; 61,7 % Männer) aus 6 deutschen Orchestern durchgeführt. Die Belastungen und Beanspruchungen wurden mithilfe eines Fragebogenkatalogs zu soziodemografischen Daten, beruflicher Situation, sportlichen Aktivitäten sowie zur allgemeinen Gesundheit, Gesundheitsmaßnahmen, Handbelastung und handspezifischen Beschwerden (Michigan Hand Outcome Questionnaire, MHQ), Schmerzbewältigung (Fragebogen zu Schmerzverhalten) und zum angstbedingten Vermeidungsverhalten (Fear Avoidance Belief Questionnaire, FABQ) nach Instrumentenart analysiert.

Ergebnisse
Chronische Verspannungen im Schulter- und Nackenbereich wurden bei 34,8 % der Violinisten festgestellt, während 52,2 % unter akuten Schulterschmerzen litten. Die Hälfte bzw. ein Drittel von Kontrabassisten gaben an, an einer akuten bzw. chronischen Sehnenentzündung zu leiden. Die durchschnittliche Gesamtpunktzahl im MHQ lag bei 56 (eine mittlere Handbelastung). Violinisten berichteten signifikant häufiger von Nackenverspannungen und Schulterschmerzen, während Kontrabassisten und Cellisten vermehrt über Probleme im Handgelenk und den Daumen klagten. Sieben Musiker wiesen im FABQ aufgrund von Schmerzen ein erhöhtes Chronifizierungsrisiko durch Vermeidungshaltung auf.

Diskussion
Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die erheblichen instrumentenartspezifischen Belastungen und verdeutlichen die Notwendigkeit von präventiven Maßnahmen, um die langfristige Gesundheit und Arbeitsfähigkeit zu sichern.
Leveraging artificial intelligence and advanced food processing techniques for enhanced food safety, quality, and security: a comprehensive review
Authors: Dhal Sambandh Bhusan , Kar Debashish 
Published: January 2025

AbstractArtificial intelligence is emerging as a transformative force in addressing the multifaceted challenges of food safety, food quality, and food security. This review synthesizes advancements in AI-driven technologies, such as machine learning, deep learning, natural language processing, and computer vision, and their applications across the food supply chain, based on a comprehensive analysis of literature published from 1990 to 2024. AI enhances food safety through real-time contamination detection, predictive risk modeling, and compliance monitoring, reducing public health risks. It improves food quality by automating defect detection, optimizing shelf-life predictions, and ensuring consistency in taste, texture, and appearance. Furthermore, AI addresses food security by enabling resource-efficient agriculture, yield forecasting, and supply chain optimization to ensure the availability and accessibility of nutritious food resources. This review also highlights the integration of AI with advanced food processing techniques such as high-pressure processing, ultraviolet treatment, pulsed electric fields, cold plasma, and irradiation, which ensure microbial safety, extend shelf life, and enhance product quality. Additionally, the integration of AI with emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things, blockchain, and AI-powered sensors enables proactive risk management, predictive analytics, and automated quality control. By examining these innovations' potential to enhance transparency, efficiency, and decision-making within food systems, this review identifies current research gaps and proposes strategies to address barriers such as data limitations, model generalizability, and ethical concerns. These insights underscore the critical role of AI in advancing safer, higher-quality, and more secure food systems, guiding future research and fostering sustainable food systems that benefit public health and consumer trust.
Expression and prognosis of cellular senescence genes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Feng Chen , Zhu Lijuan , Mao Wei , Dong Pin , Chen Xinwei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Cellular senescence refers to cells entering a relatively stable state of cell cycle arrest, which is a barrier that tumor cells must cross to achieve immortalization and plays an extremely important role in preventing the occurrence and development of tumors. In recent years, numerous studies have shown that inducing tumor cells to enter a senescent state has become a feasible tumor control strategy. At present, cellular senescence has become a research hotspot in tumor prevention and treatment, as well as in cell biology. However, the expression and prognostic values of cellular senescence genes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) remain unclear.

Material/Methods
We analyzed the expression patterns and prognostic values of cellular senescence genes in HNSC from TCGA and GEO. The TCGA-HNSC data were used as the training group and were divided into high- and low-risk groups, and the GEO database was used as the test group. Analyses included survival analysis, ROC curve analysis, risk curve analysis, independent prognostic analysis and model validation for clinical grouping. We used the HPA database for protein-level validation of the genes.

Results
We identified 5 cellular senescence genes associated with HNSC, namely, BTG3, EHF, EZH2, TACC3 and TXN. These cellular senescence genes were analyzed in the training and test groups and were found to be significantly associated with the prognosis of HNSC patients.

Conclusions
The tumor immune microenvironment of HNSC appears to have correlations with certain cellular senescence-related features. Genes associated with cellular senescence, such as BTG3, EHF, EZH2, TACC3, and TXN, show promise as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for HNSC.
Orbital ameloblastoma: research and challenges of a rare benign tumor
Authors: Zhang Rui , Huang Xiaoming , Sun Fengyuan , Wu Tong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
There are numerous types of orbital tumors, among which orbital ameloblastoma is a rare metastatic benign tumor that often originates in the jaw and later metastasizes to the orbit. The mystery of it lies in that, although it is classified as a benign tumor, it exhibits high recurrence and malignant potential with high invasiveness, posing a serious threat to ocular health and the quality of life of patients. The prognosis of orbital ameloblastoma is relatively poor, but there is still hope. With aggressive treatment and close follow-up observation, patients may still have the possibility of achieving a longer survival period and a better quality of life. The global incidence of ameloblastoma is 0.92 cases per million people per year. According to world literature reports, there are 32 cases of maxillary bone metastasis to the orbit and 4 cases of mandibular bone metastasis to the orbit. With more and more cases and related research being reported, it is necessary to comprehensively review the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of orbital ameloblastoma, in order to enhance ophthalmologists' understanding and diagnostic and treatment skills of this disease, and ultimately improve patients' prognosis and quality of life.
Unravelling the aromatic symphony: redirecting bifunctional mushroom synthases towards linalool monofunctionality
Authors: T Rehka , Lin Fu , Chen Xixian , Zhang Congqiang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Enzymes are the cornerstone of biocatalysis, biosynthesis and synthetic biology. However, their applicability is often limited by low substrate selectivity. A prime example is the bifunctional linalool/nerolidol synthase (LNS) that can use both geranyl diphosphate (GPP) and farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) to produce linalool and nerolidol, respectively. This bifunctionality can lead to undesired byproducts in synthetic biology applications. To enhance enzyme specificity and create monofunctional linalool synthases, we modified amino acids in the loop between helices C and D of four bifunctional mushroom LNSs. Through these modifications, we successfully shifted the substrate preference of two LNSs (ApLNS from Agrocybe pediades and HsLNS from Hypholoma sublateritium) from FPP towards GPP. Although complete monofunctionality was not achieved, we significantly increased linalool yield by 13 times while minimizing nerolidol production to 1% of the wildtype HsLNS. Docking simulations revealed a substantial reduction in the FPP binding score compared to that of the wildtype. Molecular dynamics simulations suggested that Tyr300 in the apo HsLNS mutant has a greater tendency to adopt an inward orientation. Together with Met77, the inward-facing Tyr300 creates a steric barrier that prevents the longer FPP molecule from entering the substrate binding pocket, thereby greatly reducing its activity towards FPP. This study demonstrates the potential of enzyme engineering to design substrate-specific terpene synthases, which is a challenging task and few successful examples are available. The insights gained can inform future enzyme design efforts, including the development of artificial intelligence models.
A new future for dog breeding
Authors: Proschowsky Helle Friis , Arendt Maja Louise , Bonnett Brenda N , Bruun Camilla S , Czycholl Irena , Fredholm Merete , O’Neill Dan , Serpell James A , Sandøe Peter 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The modern idea of purebred dogs has come under increasing critical scrutiny over recent decades. In light of this critical focus and other developments in society, some new trends in how companion dogs are bred and acquired have emerged. This means a diminishing influence from traditional kennel clubs with more dogs being sold without a pedigree, stricter legal restrictions on dog breeding, growing popularity of deliberate crosses of established breeds (i.e. so-called designer breeds) and growing hype around the benefits of mixed-breed dogs. We give an overview of these trends and discuss to what extent they will serve to promote dogs that are innately healthy, have good welfare and function well in their various roles in today’s world. We argue that newly invented designer breeds and mixed breeds also have worrying health and behavioural problems, and that the predictability of purebred dogs with respect to body size, basic behaviours, known need for grooming, disorder profiles and other attributes may well offer some benefits for a satisfying human-dog relationship seen from both sides. The optimal future seems to lie in the middle ground, where the future organised dog world (i.e. kennel and breed clubs or their successor organisations) will need to re-open the breed registries, remove wording from breed standards that currently promotes extreme conformation, support selection against disease-predisposing genotypes and phenotypes and refocus dog showing and breeding to promote health and appropriate behaviour.
Is Sex Work Inherently Gendered?
Authors: McKeever Natasha 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Sex work is highly gendered, with 80 percent of sex workers being female, and the vast majority of buyers of sex being male. It is often taken for granted that this is how it is, and implicit in much of the debate around sex work is the assumption that it is inherently gendered. In this paper, I question this assumption, drawing on sociological research to challenge arguments which purport that it is inconceivable that women would ever want to pay for sex, or that sex work would exist under conditions of gender equality. I argue that gendered sexual norms likely are a significant reason for why sex work is so gendered, but sex work would probably continue to exist under conditions of gender equality, due to the diversity in motivations people have for buying and selling sex. Acknowledging that sex work is not inherently gendered is important for (at least) two reasons. First, it is probable that the gendered nature of sex work contributes to the stigma and bad treatment that sex workers, particularly female ones, face. Secondly, if sex work is not inherently gendered, this will have implications for how we should think about it, morally, practically, and legally.
ON A BOGOMOLOV TYPE VANISHING THEOREM
Authors: LI ZHI , MENG XIANKUI , NING JIAFU , WANG ZHIWEI , ZHOU XIANGYU 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Let X be a compact Kähler manifold, and let

$L \rightarrow X$

be a holomorphic line bundle equipped with a singular metric h such that the curvature

$\mathrm {i}\Theta _{L,h}\geqslant 0$

in the sense of currents. The main result of this paper is the vanishing of

$H^n(X,\mathcal {O}(\Omega ^p_X\otimes L)\otimes \mathcal {I}(h))$

for

$p\geqslant n-\operatorname {nd}(L,h)+1$

, which generalizes Bogomolov’s vanishing theorem and Watanabe’s result.
Securitizing Russian-speakers in Estonia and Latvia: The Frame-Policy Nexus before and after Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine
Authors: Schulze Jennie L. , Pupcenoks Juris 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The securitization of Russian-speakers has been central to nation-building in Estonia and Latvia since they regained their independence in 1991. Securitization at the levels of discourse and policy varies over time as a result of historical legacies, Russia’s kin state activism, and the minority protection requirements of European institutions. This article introduces a typology that links discursive frames with policies to map securitizing trends in Estonia and Latvia after the Soviet collapse: securitizing exclusion — less accommodating policies are justified by presenting the minority as a threat to the state or core nation; securitizing inclusion — more accommodating policies are justified to “win over” the minority in order to decrease the threat; and desecuritizing inclusion — more accommodating policies are justified on grounds of fairness or appropriateness without reference to security. The utility of the typology is demonstrated by analyzing frames in the public broadcast media and recent policy developments in Estonia and Latvia immediately following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022. The analysis points to increasing convergence across countries in favor of securitizing exclusion. The analysis points to increasing convergence across countries in favor of securitizing exclusion. We conclude by evaluating these trends in light of minority mobilization and recent data on support for the active defense of the state among Russian-speakers and titulars.
Who Deserves to Die? The Moral Logic of Mau Mau Killings in Colonial Kenya, 1952–56
Authors: Mbunga H. Muoki 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article seeks to explain how Mau Mau combatants selected and killed their civilian targets. The central argument is that Mau Mau members shared a moral logic that informed whom they killed, how, and why they did it. This moral logic was partly based on traditional Kikuyu ethics of violence, which were widely held and traceable to the late nineteenth century. Yet it was also a logic born out of novel, albeit contested, ethical convictions that developed in the context of an asymmetrical anticolonial war in 1950s-Kenya. Using captured guerrilla documents and oral history interviews with Mau Mau veterans, the article analyzes the perceived offenses that civilians committed against Mau Mau, the motives of Mau Mau assailants, and the internal conflicts that arose regarding the killings of some civilians. Ultimately, this article demonstrates that the moral logic of Mau Mau killings was firmly rooted in a dialectical tension between longstanding Kikuyu ethics of violence and the harsh realities of waging an asymmetrical anticolonial war. It also shows that Mau Mau debates over who to kill formed part of a larger process of sacralization, whereby members of the movement reimagined what they deemed sacred, moral, and just measures for conducting the war.
Life and death of Yfh1: how cool is cold denaturation
Authors: Temussi Piero Andrea , Martin Stephen R. , Pastore Annalisa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Yeast frataxin (Yfh1) is a small natural protein from yeast that has the unusual property of undergoing cold denaturation at temperatures above the freezing point of water when under conditions of low ionic strength. This peculiarity, together with remarkable resilience, allows the determination, for the whole protein as well as for individual residues, of the stability curve, that is the temperature dependence of the free energy difference between the unfolded and folded forms. The ease of measuring stability curves without the need to add denaturants or introduce ad hoc destabilizing mutations makes this protein an ideal ‘tool’ for investigating the influence of many environmental factors on protein stability. The present review aims at recapitulating all the open questions that Yfh1 has helped to address, including understanding the differences and commonalities of the cold, heat and pressure unfolded states. This protein thus offers a unique tool for studying aspects of protein stability so far been considered difficult to assess and provides important guidelines that could allow the identification of other similar systems.
Topos of threat and metapolitics in Russia’s securitisation of NATO post-Crimea
Authors: Hjermann Anni Roth , Wilhelmsen Julie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article makes a twofold contribution on the relationship between self/other securitisation, ambiguous threat constructions, and anxiety at the intersection of Securitisation Theory (ST) and Ontological Security Studies (OSS). First, we develop the concept topos of threat (TT) as a potent linguistic anchor in securitisation processes. TTs depict an entire self/other threat situation that warrants escape, serving identity needs while staying flexible and ambiguous. However, their frequent rhetorical deployment can blur the threat construction and increase anxiety: this challenges the classical scholarly assumption that antagonism necessarily alleviates anxiety. Second, we theorise metapolitics as an anxiety mediation strategy. Metapolitics is a mode of interpretation – a relentless analysis of surface clues to expose a deceptive, powerful adversary – which in the final event fails to alleviate anxiety. The dual practice of nurturing topoi of threat and metapolitics drives conflict because it sets in motion a vicious securitisation spiral that entrenches rigid patterns of self/other representation and fosters a bias of anticipating hostility. We employ abductive theorising: working with established theory alongside empirical discovery through a discourse analysis of Russia’s official rhetoric on NATO and the use of the TT ‘colour revolution’ since the conflict in Ukraine began in 2014.
Ideology
Authors: Schmidtz David 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWhat is the difference between a philosophy and an ideology? Would simply observing some aspect of human experience count as ideology? No. But suppose we try to explain and interpret what we have seen. Now, we enter the neighborhood of what gets called ideology. What else does it take to sort out what should be called ideological? And why would a worldview sometimes turn into an echo chamber, a cocoon of confirmation bias that fosters false consciousness?
The Insidious Ambiguity of “Ideology”
Authors: McGrath Molly Brigid 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis essay identifies and explores three dominant intellectual traditions that critique and theorize about ideology: Marxist, prudentialist, and social scientific. For these traditions, the word ‘ideology’ names interest-serving rationalizations, pseudoscientific totalitarian zealotry, or political outlooks. The blending of these three specialized meanings has generated a colloquial sense of ideology that is philosophically untenable and damaging to political discourse. According to this colloquial sense, all thinking is ideological and we are all ideologues. In response, I instead offer in this essay an adverbial account of ideology. In this account, “ideology” names a kind of epistemic vice. Admitting that this is something we all may do sometimes, I describe how we think when we think ideologically. Finally, I conclude with some suggestions about how education might help us avoid the epistemic vice of ideological thinking.
Null subject comprehension and production revisited: a look at English and Italian
Authors: Gerard Juliana , Singh Muskaan , Bencini Giulia , Valian Virginia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study will investigate how children acquire the option to drop the subject of a sentence, or null subjects (e.g., “Tickles me” instead of “He tickles me”). In languages that do not permit null subjects, children produce sentences with null subjects from 1 to 3 years of age. This non-adultlike production has been explained by two main accounts: first, the null subject sentences may accurately reflect the children’s linguistic knowledge, that is, a competence account. Alternatively, they may result from immature processing resources, therefore underestimating children’s competence, that is, a performance account. We will test the predictions of these accounts by using a central fixation preference procedure and elicited imitation to measure children’s comprehension and production, respectively, in monolingual 19- to 28-month-olds acquiring English (a non-null subject language) and Italian (a null subject language). The results will shed light on acquisition across languages, and the features that provide evidence to a learner.
Exploring the MASS-DoA2 control-switching mechanism: Results from the autonomous ship guidelines review and expert survey
Authors: Zhang Wenjun , Mu Congrui , Wang Yu , Yang Xue , Zhou Xiangyu , Meng Xiangkun , Li Lianbo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The development of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship (MASS) is progressing rapidly within the maritime industry. Degree Two of MASS (MASS-DoA2), balancing human oversight and autonomous efficiency, will likely gain regulatory approval and industry acceptance. MASS-DoA2 possesses different control modes to adapt to various scenarios. However, the control-switching mechanisms among operators at shore control centres, autonomous navigation systems and number of seafarers onboard remain ambiguous, which poses a new risk that may significantly influence navigation safety. This study focuses on MASS-DoA2 and carries out a systematic review of autonomous ship guidelines. A questionnaire was designed based on the review findings, and a survey was carried out among captains and researchers in related fields. The review identified 11 control-switching scenarios with suggested takeover agents and the switching process and outlined the priority relationship between various takeover agents. Finally, a control-switching framework for MASS – DoA2 is proposed. It can serve as a theoretical framework for research on MASS's dynamic degree of autonomy and provide a reference for maritime regulatory authorities in establishing MASS – DoA2 control-switching mechanisms.