bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PREPARATION AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE WATER-SOLUBLE COMPLEX OF THE GOSSYPOL DERIVATIVE
Authors: Rezhepov Kuralbay Zhadigerovich , Ziyaev Khairulla Lutfullaevich , Alimbayeva Shiirin Bekniyaz kizi 
Published: December 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the process of obtaining a new water-soluble complex of the imino derivative of gossypol, its physicochemical and structural parameters. N-polyvinylpyrrolidone (N-PVP, M.m. 8000) for medical use was chosen to obtain the complex of the imino derivative of gossypol. During the study, we tested the methods for obtaining several complexes, which are proposed in the classical literature and information resources. The following method was used to obtain the complex: the imino derivative of gossypol was mixed with the polymer at room temperature for 24 hours in a solvent system (acetone : water 3 : 1). Thus, a water-soluble complex of gossypol with N-PVP was obtained, which was purified and dried. The yield of the final product was 75.35%.
To study the spectral properties of the obtained substances, modern UV and IR spectroscopy instruments were used. The results were analyzed and compared with data presented in the scientific literature. The proposed structure of the resulting water-soluble supramolecular complex is proposed.
CONTENT OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN THE ABOVEGROUND PART OF SOME STONECROPS (SEDOIDEAE)
Authors: Fomina Tat'yana Ivanovna , Kukushkina Tat'yana Abdulkhailovna 
Published: December 2022

The results of a comparative study of the content of biologically active substances in 8 species of the Sedoideae subfamily Aizopsis aizoon (L.) Grulich, A. hybrida (L.) Grulich, A. kurilensis (Vorosch.) S. Gontch., Hylotelephium ewersii (Ledeb.) H. Ohba, Sedum album L., S. hispanicum L., S. rupestre L., S. spurium M. Bieb. are presented: The aboveground shoots collected during the mass flowering phase were analyzed. The dry matter content was determined by drying of raw materials at 100‒105 °C. The amount of phenolic compounds, pectin substances, and total sugars was determined spectrophotometrically using SF-56 (Russia) and Agilent 8453 UV-Vis (USA) devices; the concentration of ascorbic acid was determined by titrimetric method. It was established the content of dry substances (up to 18.94%), flavonols (up to 4.45%), catechins (up to 3.72%), tannins (up to 20.2%), pectins (up to 13.36%), and sugars (up to 39.54%) per mass of absolutely dry raw materials, and ascorbic acid – up to 123.7 mg% per raw mass. A. kurilensis has the greatest capacity to accumulate bioactive substances. The data point to the prospects of stonecrops as a potential source for the production of food and feed additives.
GROWTH PROMOTING ACTIVITY OF FLAVONOIDS OF EXTRACTS OF POPULUS POPULUS BALSAMIFERA BUDS
Authors: Meshchanova Anna Gennad'yevna , Byzova Yuliya Sergeyevna , Ostrovnoy Kirill Aleksandrovich , Polyakov Vladilen Vasil'yevich 
Published: December 2022

At present, the urgent task is to accelerate the development of alternative measures for the protection of plants, which is associated with the aggravation of the environmental situation, the desire to reduce pollution of agricultural landscapes and obtain agricultural products with minimal use of agrochemicals. Poplar extract is a plant growth stimulant due to the presence in its composition of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, lipids, phenolic and polyphenolic compounds, amino acids, essential oils, vitamins, which provide a stable growth-stimulating effect.The aim was to evaluate the stimulating activity of extracts of balsamic poplar buds Populus balsamifera on the seed productivity of flax.
Tasks: isolate the amount of flavonoids from balsamic poplar; to establish the growth-stimulating activity of balsamic poplar bud extract in relation to flax seeds.
Methodology and scientific approaches: The method for obtaining the proposed balsam poplar extract includes the use of balsam poplar buds, air drying, grinding, extraction with 90% ethanol in a Soxhlet apparatus, filtration and evaporation to obtain the target product.
Results and conclusions: the results of studying the growth-stimulating activity of extracts of balsam poplar Populus balsamifera showed high seed productivity of flax of Tomsk selection in the control group; reproduction conditions had a positive effect on the yield of flax.
CYP2C9 gene polymorphisms influence on antihypertensive effectiveness and hypouricemic effect of losartan among patients with arterial hypertension: an observational study
Authors: Sinitsina Irina I. , Boyarko Alexey V. , Temirbulatov Ilyas I. , Sychev Dmitry A. , Akmalova Kristina A. , Sozaeva Zhannet A. , Grishina Elena A. , Mirzaev Karin B. , Asoskova Anastasiia V. , Fisenko Vladimir P. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objectives

CYP2C9 gene polymorphic variants can decrease the effects of losartan, reducing active metabolite (E-3174) formation. Study aims to determine the influence of *2 (+430C>T; rs799853) and *3 (+1075A>C; rs1057910) CYP2C9 gene polymorphic variants on the hypotensive and uricosuric effect of losartan on patients with arterial hypertension.

Methods
Eighty one patients with stage 1–2 arterial hypertension newly diagnosed with ABMP were enrolled in the study. Physicians started losartan treatment and then we measured urine concentration of E-3174/losartan to estimate CYP2C9 activity. After 3-month losartan treatment we compared effectiveness of the therapy with ABPM and plasma uric acid level between carriers of CYP2C9 *1/*1 and CYP2C9 gene polymorphic variants (*2 and *3).

Results
Carriage of CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 alleles reduced the hypotensive effect of losartan (p<0.001, OR=8.13 (95% CI, 2.75–23.97)). Analysis of the ABPM data revealed that blood pressure was significantly higher in patients with polymorphic genotypes. There was no significant difference in uric acid level in plasma and losartan and its metabolite concentration in urine between genotypes.

Conclusions
Carriage of low function polymorphic variants of the CYP2C9 gene (*2 and *3) reduced the hypotensive effect of losartan according to ABPM and don’t affect uric acid level in plasma and E-3174/losartan in urine.
Quantitative assessment of antioxidant potential of selected homeopathic preparations in clinical practice
Authors: Kumar Arun , Prajapati Suneel , Sharma Mahima , Singh Tejveer , Choudhary Neha , Bharti Alok C. , Sharma Rohit , Gupta Pankaj 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Antioxidant property like radical scavenging is a primary target to elucidate the efficacy mechanism of a drug against diseases linked to oxidative stress such as cancer, metabolic disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, etc. In alternative therapies, homeopathy is one of the preferred choices by patients and clinicians due to its potential to cure chronic and complex illnesses. However, the efficacy of homeopathic preparations at high diluted potencies attracts rational criticism due to insufficient scientific knowledge supporting the mechanism of action. Therefore, an attempt was made to estimate the total phenolic content (TPC) and radical scavenging activity of clinically prescribed homeopathic drugs.

Methods
With gallic acid as a reference control, mother tinctures (MTs) and different potencies of Eucalyptus globulus (EG), Syzygium jambolanum (SJ), Ruta graveolens (RG), and Thuja occidentalis (TO) were used to perform Folin–Ciocalteu test, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays.

Results
The results showed TPC of MTs equivalent to µg/mL of gallic acid viz; EG (4,872.5 ± 133.2), SJ (8,840.5 ± 14.8), RG (985.6 ± 39.1), and TO (341.5 ± 19.5) with significant ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging potential. Whereas 30C and 200C potencies of each homeopathic drug showed undetectable phenolic content and insignificant radical scavenging potential compared to vehicle control, i.e., alcohol 90% (2.0 ± 1.5).

Conclusions
The reported efficacy of 30C and 200C potencies of homeopathic medicines against oxidative stress-related illnesses might be due to mechanisms other than radical scavenging. Furthermore, the assays studied can be helpful in drug standardization and quality control of MTs that are used as starting material in homeopathic preparations.
Nonlinear wavelength conversion cross phase modulation in fiber systems based on directly modulated laser measured
Authors: Rashed Ahmed Nabih Zaki , Babu Gade Harish , Ahammad Shaik Hasane , Sorathiya Vishal , Hossain Md. Amzad , Daher Malek G. , Ahmed Shimaa Ali 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study has clarified the simulation of the nonlinear cross phase modulation (CPM) performance signature in optical fiber telecommunication systems. We have been clarified the max Q factor in relation to Cross phase shift modulation for the previous models and proposed model. The optimum optical power varied with spectral time and wavelength variation that is simulated for 90° cross phase shift modulation. Optimum total optical and electrical signal power is demonstrated for 90° Cross phase shift modulation. The max signal quality factor and min BER are assured for various degrees based on cross phase shift modulation. In addition to the optimum signal quality factor is emphasized for 90° Cross phase shift modulation.
Lost landscapes of childhood: An ecostylistic analysis of The Issa Valley
Authors: Chrzanowska-Kluczewska Elżbieta 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

The Issa Valley, a novel by the renowned Polish émigré poet and writer Czesław Miłosz, is a partly autobiographical rendition of Miłosz’s early years spent on his family estate at Szetejnie in Lithuania. The omniscient narrator presents the early years and adolescence of a Polish gentry boy, Thomas Dilbin; the second, equally important protagonist of the novel is the eponymous Issa Valley. The book is an homage paid to the beauty of Lithuanian nature and to the world of childhood memories; as such, it invites an attempt at an ecostylistic interpretation, which is the main aim of this study. The methodology applied to analyze its English translation partly follows Geoffrey Leech and Mick Short’s taxonomy of linguistic aspects relevant when studying fiction, such as context, lexicon, syntax, and figuration. Furthermore, this ecostylistic analysis focuses on figuration and its imagistic potential in picturing the Issa landscape. Master tropes (simile, metaphor, synecdoche, irony, and antithesis) work at three textual levels: micro-, macro-, and megatropical. This scrutiny proves that the novel is an instance of what I call existential ecology, with antithesis as a dominant textual backbone; it also demonstrates that figuration reflects an intensely corporeal experience of nature by the young Thomas. The main contribution of this article to Miłosz’s scholarship is that it offers an ecostylistic reading of The Issa Valley, which has not been applied to the novel so far, specifically from lexical, grammatical, and tropological perspectives.
Pre-ischemic exercise prevents inflammation and apoptosis by inhibiting MAPK pathway in ischemic stroke
Authors: Gao Zhen-Kun , Shen Xin-Ya , Han Yu , Guo Yi-Sha , Li Kai , Bi Xia 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is a major mechanism of acute brain damage in ischemic stroke. Pre-ischemic exercise is an effective method to reduce ischemic injury. However, the regulation by pre-ischemic exercise of MAPK pathway and associated mechanisms in animal models remains unclear.

Materials and methods
In this study, Male SD rats were randomly divided into sham group, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) group, and exercise plus MCAO (EX + MCAO) group for 21 days, and then was established by MCAO. Longa score was used to measure neurological deficits at 0, 1, 2, and 3 days after MCAO. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the brain injury. The expression of MAPK pathway was quantified by western blot. The M1 microglia protein was quantified by western blot and immunofluorescence, and the level of inflammatory factor was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. TUNEL staining and western blot were used to measure apoptosis.

Results
In the current study, we observed that pre-ischemic exercise effectively decreased infarct volume, neurological deficit score and brain injury in MCAO rats through suppressing the activation of p-JNK and p-ERK1/2. Further investigation revealed that pre-ischemic exercise decreased M1 microglia activation and the serum level of TNF-α and IL-1β. In addition, the increased number of TUNEL-positive cells and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio also were reversed by pre-ischemic exercise.

Conclusions
Pre-ischemic exercise can alleviate inflammatory response and apoptosis by inhibiting the MAPK pathway in MCAO rats.
DAUNO SINDROMĄ TURINČIO VAISIAUS ISTORIJA VAIDYBINIAME KINO FILME „24 SAVAITĖS“ („24 WOCHEN“): TARP ASMENIŠKUMO IR ANONIMIŠKUMO, PASIRINKIMO LAISVĖS IR IŠGYVENIMO
Authors: Jakaitė Dalia 
Published: December 2022

Vaidybinis filmas „24 savaitės“ („24 Wochen“) – meniškai ir gyvenimiškai įtaigus pasakojimas apie tėvus, kurie laukiasi Dauno sindromą ir širdies ydą turinčio vaiko. Po emociškai įtempto tarpasmeninio svarstymo, veikiant emociniams artimiausių žmonių santykiams ir socialinėms profesinių santykių aplinkybėms bei visuomenės požiūriui, mama pasirenka vėlyvąjį vaisiaus abortą. Visa draminė istorija, tragedijai artimos peripetijos, emocinė dialogų sugestija, poetiškumo turintis prologas ir epilogas teikia paskatų šį filmą suvokti ne tik kino meno, bet ir literatūriniu, socialiniu bei gyvenimišku požiūriu. Vienas ir kitas rakursas parankūs siekiant pagrindinio straipsnio tikslo – fenomenologiškai aprašyti ir ištirti filme iškylančią protinės negalios (intelekto sutrikimo) refleksiją.
Enhancing Students’ Metacognition in Legal English Classes
Authors: Bilová Štěpánka 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In the last two decades, researchers have shown the importance of metacognition in language learning and teaching. This paper focuses on students’ metacognition in the course ‘English for Lawyers’ at Masaryk University and reports on the action research which was performed over the period of three years, 2019–2021. The objectives of the research were twofold: to identify how students perceive their learning in legal English lessons in which both the legal content and academic skills were practised, and then to find out whether implementing steps that raise their metacognition would help students become more efficient learners. By collecting data from reflective questionnaires given to students, the teacher analysed the teaching and learning situations and proposed changes, such as explaining the learning opportunities of the lessons and supporting the planning, monitoring, and evaluating of students’ learning, so that students could exploit the full potential of lessons and their learning abilities.
Synonyms as a Challenge in Legal Translation Training
Authors: Klabal Ondrej 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Even though it is sometimes argued that synonymy is undesirable in legal language, legal language is not devoid of it. In fact, legal language involves cases of syntactical synonymy and lexical synonymy as well as cases of absolute and partial synonymy. Therefore synonymy must be addressed in a legal translation classroom to make trainees aware of all the issues that it may involve, as well as of the fact that terms that may be perceived as synonymous by laypeople are not actually synonymous to lawyers (e.g. murder, homicide, manslaughter). What also needs to be addressed in a legal translation classroom are situations of near-synonyms, whose usage is governed by collocational or contextual restrictions (e.g. breach, violate, infringe) and sometimes involves slight nuances in meaning (e.g. liability v. responsibility, or unlawful, illegal, illicit, etc.). This article introduces a step-by-step approach designed to introduce legal translation trainees to a variety of issues related to (non-)synonymy in legal language, and presents a series of exercises that have been prepared to this end in line with the scaffolding approach. Although the exercises are designed for the English–Czech language pair, they are easily transferable to any teaching context involving English.
Evaluation of Compliance with the Provisions of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in the Light of the First Report of the Republic of Poland
Authors: Sobczak Jacek Mieczysław , Kakareko Ksenia Wiktoria 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Poland’s ratification of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages has imposed several obligations on the Republic of Poland. At the moment of ratification, Poland indicated which languages would be considered regional or minority, referring to the Act on National and Ethnic Minorities and Regional Language. This article outlines the mechanism for assessing Poland’s compliance with the Charter and indicates which responsibilities rest with the executive power that needs to present detailed reports on the Charter’s implementation to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe. The article presents the contents of the first report from 2010. It also shows the position of the Committee of Experts that initially evaluated the 2010 report, while analysing the existing normative acts in Poland in this regard to other regulations and actual practices. The activities of the Committee of Experts resulted in a report suggesting recommendations submitted to the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe. The Polish government referred to the Report of the Committee of Experts with its comments and objections. Based on all these documents, the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe formulated recommendations for Poland, fully sharing, despite the reservations of the Republic of Poland, the position of the Committee of Experts. From the content of the documents analysed in this article, it follows that the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe believes that Poland still has a lot of work to do in promoting awareness and tolerance of regional or minority languages. Poland also needs to improve in the field of education, relating to media, and finally in the delicate matter of communication between minorities and public authorities.
Predictive Analysis for Text Classification: Discrete Units in Company Registration Discourse
Authors: Więcławska Edyta 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Legal discourse shows variation most commonly in terms of contrasts between languages, textual genres, communicative settings (professional vs. lay communication), translation methods and categories of authors, the last constituting a testing ground for the text-prediction task presented in this article. The research project involves quantitative analysis of selected discrete units and their statistical processing with the R tool for the purpose of generating random forest and decision tree models. It is hypothesised that it is possible to effectively predict text authorship based on the grammatical profile of the texts. The prediction model proposed here covers two authorship categories, institutional name and professional title, and these encapsulate authorship sub-categories related to institutional and work position background. The prediction accuracy parameters for the authorship-based text classification in both cases prove to be statistically satisfactory. More specific findings show that the text classification models for some authorship sub-categories are more effective than for others. Further, some discrete units have distinctively high discriminative power for the texts. The analysis is conducted on a custom-designed corpus, composed of English texts processed in company registration proceedings. The corpus is homogenous in terms of the function and the communicative context of the texts, which assures reliability of the findings and at the same time captures the variationist aspect of legal communication by taking the varied authorship factor into account.
ДОПИТ ПІДПІЛЬНОГО ЄПИСКОПА ГРИГОРІЯ БАЛАГУРАКА РАДЯНСЬКИМИ СПЕЦСЛУЖБАМИ. Ч. 1
Authors: Олег Єгрешій Оксана Сірецька, 
Published: December 2022

У статті автори розкривають матеріали кримінальної справи єпископа підпільної Української Греко-Католицької Церкви Григорія Балагурака, які були заведені на нього радянськими спецслужбами у 1949 р. Нині ця справа (№ 7498 П) зберігається у Державному архіві Івано-Франківської області (фонд Р-2157). У статті посталено за мету висвітлити лише уривок кримінальної справи, заведеної на владику Г.Балагурака, де зображається протокол допиту священнослужителя. Автори цих рядків при перекладі з російської мови на українську намагалися максимально зберегти автентику документу.
Збережено також автентичність мови слідства, акцентовано на найбільш промовистих мате- ріалах допиту священнослужителя. Радянські спецоргани намагалися розвідати інформацію про підпіль- них отців УГКЦ, які залишилися на свободі, з’ясувати їхні імена та місця проживання. Особливий інте- рес представляє анкета єпископа Григорія Балагурака, поміщена також у кримінальній справі. У ній міститься цінна пізнавальна інформація про місце народження, адресу, національність, громадянство, освіту, професію і спеціальність, склад сім’ї, соціальне походження арештованого.
Ключові слова: Матеріали кримінальної справи, єпископ, Григорій Балагурак, підпільна Укра- їнська Греко-Католицька Церква, радянські спецоргани.
ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ ФІЛІЇ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОГО ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОГО БЮРО ПРИ ДИРЕКТОРІЇ УНР У м. КОЛОМИЯ
Authors: Королько Андрій 
Published: December 2022

У статті проаналізовано діяльність філії Центрального інформаційного бюро при Директорії УНР у м. Коломия у березні – травні 1919 р. Охарактеризовано становлення Центрального інформа- ційного бюро при Директорії УНР та формування його осередків на території ЗОУНР, зокрема у м. Станиславів. Простежено заснування та зміст діяльності філії відомства у м. Коломия. Висвітлено інформативні свідчення окремих агентурних осередків коломийської філії Центрального інформаційного бюро при Директорії УНР на території краю. Дописувачами газетних заміток порушувалися такі питання: соціально-економічне становище, санітарно-епідемічна і суспільно-політична ситуація та міжнаціональні відносини у населених пунктах краю, ставлення населення до проведення земельної ре- форми та вирішення українського питання на зовнішньополітичній арені, стан шкільництва та куль- турно-мистецьке життя, тощо.
Ключові слова: Центральне інформаційне бюро при Директорії УНР, філія, Українське пресове бюро, Галицьке інформаційне бюро, газета, агенція, анкета.