bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining genome-wide association studies highlight novel loci involved in human facial variation
Authors: Xiong Ziyi , Gao Xingjian , Chen Yan , Feng Zhanying , Pan Siyu , Lu Haojie , Uitterlinden Andre G. , Nijsten Tamar , Ikram Arfan , Rivadeneira Fernando , Ghanbari Mohsen , Wang Yong , Kayser Manfred , Liu Fan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractStandard genome-wide association studies (GWASs) rely on analyzing a single trait at a time. However, many human phenotypes are complex and composed by multiple correlated traits. Here we introduce C-GWAS, a method for combining GWAS summary statistics of multiple potentially correlated traits. Extensive computer simulations demonstrated increased statistical power of C-GWAS compared to the minimal p-values of multiple single-trait GWASs (MinGWAS) and the current state-of-the-art method for combining single-trait GWASs (MTAG). Applying C-GWAS to a meta-analysis dataset of 78 single trait facial GWASs from 10,115 Europeans identified 56 study-wide suggestively significant loci with multi-trait effects on facial morphology of which 17 are novel loci. Using data from additional 13,622 European and Asian samples, 46 (82%) loci, including 9 (53%) novel loci, were replicated at nominal significance with consistent allele effects. Functional analyses further strengthen the reliability of our C-GWAS findings. Our study introduces the C-GWAS method and makes it available as computationally efficient open-source R package for widespread future use. Our work also provides insights into the genetic architecture of human facial appearance.
Wind-tunnel tests of synthetic jet control effects on airfoil flow separation
Authors: Zhao Guoqing , Zhao Qijun , Chen Xi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo find out the comprehensive principles of synthetic jet control effects on airfoil stall characteristics, fundamental contrastive wind-tunnel tests were conducted systematically. By using six-component balance, Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technology and boundary layer probe, the measurements of model aerodynamic forces, the whole velocity field over airfoil and velocity profiles in the boundary layer were conducted, respectively. Based upon the experimentally parametric analyses of synthetic jet control on airfoil, it is concluded that the incline angle of synthetic jet has an important impact on both the flow in boundary layer and aerodynamic forces of airfoil. A tangential jet inject energy and accelerate the velocity of flow in inner boundary layer thus has a better control effects on delay stall of airfoil when the momentum coefficient of jet is relatively large, and the normal jet helps to enlarge the thickness of boundary layer which is proved to have better control effects on flow separation control and improving the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoil when the momentum coefficient of a jet is relatively small.
Comparative efficacy and tolerability of targeted and immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy as first-line treatment for advanced gastric cancer: a Bayesian network meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Shu , Wong Heung Yan , Xie Li , Kim Yoojin , Shu Danhua , Zheng Beishi , Liu Naxin , Xing Chungen , Chen Xiaolei , Dong Qiantong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe use of target agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors have changed the treatment landscape for AGC in the first-line setting. However, the crosswise comparison between each regimen is rare. Therefore, we estimated the efficacy and safety of targeted therapy or immunotherapy with chemotherapy in AGC patients as the first-line treatment. Included studies were divided into “average” or “specific positivity” group according to whether the patients were selected by a certain pathological expression. We conducted a Bayesian network meta-analysis for all regimens in both groups. In average group, no regimen showed significant improvements in overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS), while pembrolizumab and nivolumab combined with chemotherapy were ranked first and second respectively without an obvious safety difference. In specific positivity group, zolbetuximab plus chemotherapy significantly prolonged OS (HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.36–0.79) and PFS (HR 0.45, 95% CI 0.25–0.81). The top three regimens were zolbetuximab-chemotherapy, trastuzumab plus pertuzuma-chemotherapy and nivolumab-chemotherapy respectively, with no significant safety risk. For average patients, immune checkpoint inhibitor PD-1 plus chemotherapy will be the promising regimen. For patients with overexpression of CLDN18.2, zolbetuximab combined with chemotherapy comes with greater survival benefits, while for patients who have PD-L1 expression with no HER-2 or CLDN18.2 positivity, additional immune checkpoint inhibitor of PD-1 will be a good considered option.
Local neuroplasticity in adult glaucomatous visual cortex
Authors: Carvalho Joana , Invernizzi Azzurra , Martins Joana , Renken Remco J. , Cornelissen Frans W. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe degree to which the adult human visual cortex retains the ability to functionally adapt to damage at the level of the eye remains ill-understood. Previous studies on cortical neuroplasticity primarily focused on the consequences of foveal visual field defects (VFD), yet these findings may not generalize to peripheral defects such as occur in glaucoma. Moreover, recent findings on neuroplasticity are often based on population receptive field (pRF) mapping, but interpreting these results is complicated in the absence of appropriate control conditions. Here, we used fMRI-based neural modeling to assess putative changes in pRFs associated with glaucomatous VFD. We compared the fMRI-signals and pRF in glaucoma participants to those of controls with case-matched simulated VFD. We found that the amplitude of the fMRI-signal is reduced in glaucoma compared to control participants and correlated with disease severity. Furthermore, while coarse retinotopic structure is maintained in all participants with glaucoma, we observed local pRF shifts and enlargements in early visual areas, relative to control participants. These differences suggest that the adult brain retains some degree of local neuroplasticity. This finding has translational relevance, as it is consistent with VFD masking, which prevents glaucoma patients from noticing their VFD and seeking timely treatment.
Digital restoration of colour cinematic films using imaging spectroscopy and machine learning
Authors: Liu L. , Catelli E. , Katsaggelos A. , Sciutto G. , Mazzeo R. , Milanic M. , Stergar J. , Prati S. , Walton M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDigital restoration is a rapidly growing methodology within the field of heritage conservation, especially for early cinematic films which have intrinsically unstable dye colourants that suffer from irreversible colour fading. Although numerous techniques to restore film digitally have emerged recently, complex degradation remains a challenging problem. This paper proposes a novel vector quantization (VQ) algorithm for restoring movie frames based on the acquisition of spectroscopic data with a custom-made push-broom VNIR hyperspectral camera (380–780 nm). The VQ algorithm utilizes what we call a multi-codebook that correlates degraded areas with corresponding non-degraded ones selected from reference frames. The spectral-codebook was compared with a professional commercially available film restoration software (DaVinci Resolve 17) tested both on RGB and on hyperspectral providing better results in terms of colour reconstruction.
Synthesis and characterization of selenium nanoparticles stabilized with cocamidopropyl betaine
Authors: Blinov Andrey V. , Nagdalian Andrey A. , Siddiqui Shahida A. , Maglakelidze David G. , Gvozdenko Alexey A. , Blinova Anastasiya A. , Yasnaya Mariya A. , Golik Alexey B. , Rebezov Maksim B. , Jafari Seid Mahdi , Shah Mohd Asif 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this work, selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) stabilized with cocamidopropyl betaine were synthesized for the first time. It was observed that Se NPs synthesized in excess of selenic acid had a negative charge with ζ-potential of −21.86 mV, and in excess of cocamidopropyl betaine—a positive charge with ξ =  + 22.71 mV. The resulting Se NPs with positive and negative charges had a spherical shape with an average size of about 20–30 nm and 40–50 nm, respectively. According to the data of TEM, HAADF-TEM using EDS, IR spectroscopy and quantum chemical modeling, positively charged selenium nanoparticles have a cocamidopropylbetaine shell while the potential- forming layer of negatively charged selenium nanoparticles is formed by SeO32− ions. The influence of various ions on the sol stability of Se NPs showed that SO42− and PO43− ions had an effect on the positive Se NPs, and Ba2+ and Fe3+ ions had an effect on negative Se NPs, which corresponded with the Schulze-Hardy rule. The mechanism of coagulating action of various ions on positive and negative Se NPs was also presented. Also, influence of the active acidity of the medium on the stability of Se NPs solutions was investigated. Positive and negative sols of Se NPs had high levels of stability in the considered range of active acidity of the medium in the range of 1.21–11.98. Stability of synthesized Se NPs stability has been confirmed in real system (liquid soap). An experiment with the addition of Se NPs stabilized with cocamidopropyl betaine to liquid soap showed that the particles of dispersed phases retain their initial distributions, which revealed the stability of synthesized Se NPs.
Computational analysis of speed-accuracy tradeoff
Authors: Penconek Marcin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSpeed-accuracy tradeoff (SAT) in the decision making of humans and animals is a well-documented phenomenon, but its underlying neuronal mechanism remains unclear. Modeling approaches have conceptualized SAT through the threshold hypothesis as adjustments to the decision threshold. However, the leading neurophysiological view is the gain modulation hypothesis. This hypothesis postulates that the SAT mechanism is implemented through changes in the dynamics of the choice circuit, which increase the baseline firing rate and the speed of neuronal integration. In this paper, I investigated alternative computational mechanisms of SAT and showed that the threshold hypothesis was qualitatively consistent with the behavioral data, but the gain modulation hypothesis was not. In order to reconcile the threshold hypothesis with the neurophysiological evidence, I considered the interference of alpha oscillations with the decision process and showed that alpha oscillations could increase the discriminatory power of the decision system, although they slowed down the decision process. This suggests that the magnitude of alpha waves suppression during the event related desynchronization (ERD) of alpha oscillations depends on a SAT condition and the amplitude of alpha oscillations is lower in the speed condition. I also showed that the lower amplitude of alpha oscillations resulted in an increase in the baseline firing rate and the speed of neuronal intergration. Thus, the interference of the event related desynchronization of alpha oscillations with a SAT condition explains why an increase in the baseline firing rate and the speed of neuronal integration accompany the speed condition.
Research on an intelligent diagnosis method of mechanical faults for small sample data sets
Authors: Zhao Jun , Shi Yuhua , Tan Feng , Wang Xufeng , Zhang Youqiang , Liao Jiean , Yang Fan , Guo Zhanhong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe difficulty of feature extraction and the small sample size are two challenges in the field of mechanical fault diagnosis for a long time. Here we propose an intelligent mechanical fault diagnosis method for scenario with small sample datasets. This method can not only diagnose bearing faults but also gear faults, and has strong generalization performance. We use convolutional neural network to realize automatic feature extraction. Through sliding window scanning, one sample set is expanded to three sub-sample sets with different scales to meet the needs of deep learning training. Three convolutional networks are used to extract the features of the subsets respectively to ensure that their useful features are fully extracted. After feature extraction, the feature is reconstructed through feature splicing. Because of the unique advantages of SVM in dealing with small sample sets, we use SVM to classify the reconstructed features. We use the bearing data set collected by Case Western Reserve University in the United States, the bearing fault data set collected by Xi'an Jiaotong University in China, and the gearbox fault data collected by the University of Connecticut in the United States to conduct experiments. The experimental results show that the accuracy of training, validation and testing of the proposed method on the three data sets all reach 100%. This proves that our method can not only tackle the two challenges, but also has high fault diagnosis accuracy and strong generalization performance. It is hoped that our proposed method can contribute to the development of mechanical fault diagnosis.
Applying a microfluidic device to improve the Ca2+ separation performance of the liquid–liquid extraction process
Authors: Jazayeri Seyed Sajjad , Pourahmad Afham , Hassanvand Amin , Mozhdeh Mozhgan , Tahmasbi Goodarz 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the application of extraction solvent in a new microfluidic apparatus to separate calcium ions (Ca2+). Indeed, a serpentine microfluidic device has been utilized to separate calcium ions. The flow regime map shows that it is possible to completely separate organic and aqueous phases using the serpentine microfluidic device. The suggested microfluidic device reaches the extraction efficiency of 24.59% at 4.2 s of the residence time. This research also employs the Box–Behnken design (BBD) strategy in the response surface methodology (RSM) for performing the modeling and optimization of the suggested extraction process using the recorded experimental data. Flow rate and pH of the aquatic phase as well as Dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 (DC18C6) concentration are those independent features engaged in the model derivation task. The optimum values of pH 6.34, the DC18C6 concentration of 0.015 M, and the flow rate = 20 µl/min have been achieved for the aquatic phase. The results indicated that the extraction efficiency of Ca2+ is 63.6%, and microfluidic extraction is 24.59% in this optimum condition. It is also observed that the microfluidic extraction percentage and experimental efficiency achieved by the suggested serpentine microchannel are higher than the previous separation ranges reported in the literature.
Analytical modification of EDFM for transient flow in tight rocks
Authors: Olorode Olufemi , Rashid Harun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe commercial development of unconventional resources with multiply fractured horizontal wells has been in the spotlight over the last ten years because of the significant contribution of unconventional oil and gas (UOG) reservoirs to the total US oil and gas production. UOG reservoirs contain multiscale fractures with heterogeneous properties, so the focus has been on efficient and accurate models that can account for these fractures individually. One of such models is the embedded discrete fracture model (EDFM), which has been applied to various types of fractured reservoirs. This work shows that the application of EDFM in fractured tight rocks yields significant errors because it cannot account for the expected transient flow between the matrix and fractures. To address the limitation when EDFM is used in tight rocks with structured Cartesian grids, we modified the matrix/fracture non-neighboring connection (NNC) flux in EDFM by multiplying it with a transient factor. We obtained this factor as in the transient matrix/fracture transfer term for dual-continuum models and implemented it in in our open-source shale simulator. We simulated a single vertical fracture in the middle of a tight reservoir with and without this EDFM modification and show the importance of the proposed modification. We also simulated cyclic gas enhanced oil recovery (CGEOR) in a fractured Bakken shale oil well and analyzed the model results using standard rate-transient analysis plots to evaluate the significance of the proposed modification. The results show that the standard EDFM underestimates oil and gas production by up to 73% at early times. This work presents the first analytical modification of EDFM to account for the nonlinear pressure drop expected near fracture surfaces. Comparing the modified and standard EDFM model results to a reference solution shows that the modified EDFM matches it. In contrast, the standard EDFM cannot match the reference solution when we use structured Cartesian grids with linear spacing. Additionally, by timing the simulation of a representative Bakken shale oil reservoir with 256 fractures, we show that the analytical modification proposed is only 1.5% slower than the standard EDFM.
A flow map for core/shell microdroplet formation in the co-flow Microchannel using ternary phase-field numerical model
Authors: Bariki Saeed Ghasemzade , Movahedirad Salman 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCore/shell microdroplets formation with uniform size is investigated numerically in the co-flow microchannel. The interface and volume fraction contour between three immiscible fluids are captured using a ternary phase-field model. Previous research has shown that the effective parameters of microdroplet size are the physical properties and velocity of the three phases. By adjusting these variables, five main flow patterns are observed in numerical simulations. A core/shell dripping/slug regime is observed when the inertia of the continuous phase breaks the flow of the core and shell phases and makes a droplet. In the slug regime, the continuous phase has less inertia, and the droplets that form are surrounded by the channel walls, while in the dripping regime, the shell phase fluid is surrounded by the continuous phase. An increase in continuous-fluid or shell-fluid flow rate leads to dripping to a jetting transition. When three immiscible liquids flow continuously and parallel to one another without dispersing, this is known as laminar flow. In the tubing regime, the core phase flows continuously in the channel's central region, the shell phase flows in the annulus formed by the core phase's central region, and the continuous phase flows between the shell phase fluid and channel walls. In order to discriminate between the aforementioned flow patterns using Weber and Capillary numbers and establish regime transition criteria based on these two dimensionless variables, a flow regime map is provided. Finally, a correlation for shell thickness using shell-to-core phase velocity ratio and conducting 51 CFD simulations was proposed.
Magnetized inulin by Fe3O4 as a bio-nano adsorbent for treating water contaminated with methyl orange and crystal violet dyes
Authors: Valizadeh Kamran , Bateni Amir , Sojoodi Nazanin , Ataabadi Maryam Rostami , Behroozi Amir Hossein , Maleki Ali , You Zhenjiang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCurrent work focuses on fabricating a new bio-nano adsorbent of Fe3O4@inulin nanocomposite via an in-situ co-precipitation procedure to adsorb methyl orange (MO) and crystal violet (CV) dyes from aqueous solutions. Different physical characterization analyses verified the successful fabrication of the magnetic nanocomposite. The adsorbent performance in dye removal was evaluated by varying initial dye concentration, adsorbent dosage, pH and temperature in 5110 mg/L, 0.10.8 g/L, 111 and 283–338 K, respectively. Due to the pH of zero point of charge and intrinsic properties of dyes, the optimum pHs were 5 and 7 for MO and CV adsorption, respectively. The correlation of coefficient (R2) and reduced chi-squared value were the criteria in order to select the best isotherm and kinetics models. The Langmuir model illustrated a better fit for the adsorption data for both dyes, demonstrating the maximum adsorption capacity of 276.26 and 223.57 mg/g at 338 K for MO and CV, respectively. As well, the pseudo-second-order model showed a better fitness for kinetics data compared to the pseudo-first-order and Elovich models. The thermodynamic parameters exhibited that the dye adsorption process is endothermic and spontaneous, which supported the enhanced adsorption rate by increasing temperature. Moreover, the nanocomposite presented outstanding capacity and stability after 6 successive cycles by retaining more than 87% of its initial dye removal efficiency. Overall, the magnetized inulin with Fe3O4 could be a competent adsorbent for eliminating anionic and cationic dyes from water.
Global predictions for the risk of establishment of Pierce’s disease of grapevines
Authors: Giménez-Romero Alex , Galván Javier , Montesinos Marina , Bauzà Joan , Godefroid Martin , Fereres Alberto , Ramasco José J. , Matías Manuel A. , Moralejo Eduardo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe vector-borne bacteriumXylella fastidiosais responsible for Pierce’s disease (PD), a lethal grapevine disease that originated in the Americas. The international plant trade is expanding the geographic range of this pathogen, posing a new threat to viticulture worldwide. To assess the potential incidence of PD, we have built a dynamic epidemiological model based on the response of 36 grapevine varieties to the pathogen in inoculation assays and on the vectors’ distribution when this information is available. Key temperature-driven epidemiological processes, such as PD symptom development and recovery, are mechanistically modelled. Integrating into the model high-resolution spatiotemporal climatic data from 1981 onward and different infectivity (R0) scenarios, we show how the main wine-producing areas thrive mostly in non-risk, transient, or epidemic-risk zones with potentially low growth rates in PD incidence. Epidemic-risk zones with moderate to high growth rates are currently marginal outside the US. However, a global expansion of epidemic-risk zones coupled with small increments in the disease growth rate is projected for 2050. Our study globally downscales the risk of PD establishment while highlighting the importance of considering climate variability, vector distribution, and an invasive criterion as factors to obtain better PD risk maps.
Antiskyrmions and their electrical footprint in crystalline mesoscale structures of Mn1.4PtSn
Authors: Winter Moritz , Goncalves Francisco J. T. , Soldatov Ivan , He Yangkun , Céspedes Belén E. Zúñiga , Milde Peter , Lenz Kilian , Hamann Sandra , Uhlarz Marc , Vir Praveen , König Markus , Moll Philip J. W. , Schlitz Richard , Goennenwein Sebastian T. B. , Eng Lukas M. , Schäfer Rudolf , Wosnitza Joachim , Felser Claudia , Gayles Jacob , Helm Toni 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSkyrmionic materials hold the potential for future information technologies, such as racetrack memories. Key to that advancement are systems that exhibit high tunability and scalability, with stored information being easy to read and write by means of all-electrical techniques. Topological magnetic excitations such as skyrmions and antiskyrmions, give rise to a characteristic topological Hall effect. However, the electrical detection of antiskyrmions, in both thin films and bulk samples has been challenging to date. Here, we apply magneto-optical microscopy combined with electrical transport to explore the antiskyrmion phase as it emerges in crystalline mesoscale structures of the Heusler magnet Mn1.4PtSn. We reveal the Hall signature of antiskyrmions in line with our theoretical model, comprising anomalous and topological components. We examine its dependence on the vertical device thickness, field orientation, and temperature. Our atomistic simulations and experimental anisotropy studies demonstrate the link between antiskyrmions and a complex magnetism that consists of competing ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and chiral exchange interactions, not captured by micromagnetic simulations.