bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Zingiber officinale and Allium sativum on the Liver Enzymes of Albino Rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Ujoh Treasure , Ohanu Chinenye Maria-Goretti 
Published: July 2023

Aim: To determine the effect of ethanolic extract of Zingiber officinale and Allium sativum on the liver enzymes of albino rats.
Study Design: Experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: CNed Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Nsukka, Nigeria, between September – October, 2019.
Methodology: Adult Wistar rats of both sexes weighing 100-160g were obtained from an animal house of the Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria. The experimental animals were acclimatized for one week and fed with standard laboratory diet (finishers feed) and water ad libitum. The plant materials (Garlic and Ginger were extracted using the Soxhlet method. The rats were divided into seven groups of three rats each and were given different treatments. At the end of every stage of the experiment, all animals were fasted for 12 hours and thereafter sacrificed after mild anesthesia with chloroform. Blood samples (5 ml) were collected from the eye of each rat weekly and analyzed for liver enzymes, using spectrophotometric methods. Data generated were analyzed using Social Sciences (SPSS) of IBM Corporation, Armonk, USA) version 21. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the experimental groups with Duncan multiple range tests used in partitioning the mean while the student t-test was used to compare the duration. Results were expressed as mean ± SEM and values with P<0.05 were considered statistically significant as described by Duncan, (1955).
Results: From the results of the acute toxicological screening, the oral LD50 was calculated and found to be: 1414 mg/kg for ginger extract 3162 mg/kg for garlic and ginger extract and >5000 mg/kg for garlic extract. Results for ALP showed a mean of 37.90 ± 3.48 μ/L and 55.97 ± 0.61 μ/L for ginger (100mg/kg) week 1 and 2 respectively, and there was a significant increase in ALP (p=0.034). Values for ALT showed significant increases (0.043) for ginger (200mg/kg) and garlic and ginger (both 100 and 50 mg/kg). All combinations of plants and concentrations were significant for AST, while only ginger at 100mg/kg showed significant difference when values for week 1 and 2 were compared for GGT.
Conclusion: This suggests that garlic extract exerts an acute effect in rats, contrary to ginger extract which exerts a chronic effect (that is to say, effect becomes more prominent with increase in duration of consumption).
Influence of Bio-fertilizers and Phosphorus on Yield and Economics of Toria (Brassica campestris L.)
Authors: Bilal Mohammad Abdul , Singh Rajesh 
Published: July 2023

The Experiment aims to find out the Influence of bio-fertilizers and phosphorus on growth and yield of Toria. The experiment was carried out during Rabi season of 2022-23 at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology And Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.) India. The treatments consist of Bio-fertilizers like Azotobacter – (20g/kg seeds), PSB – (20g/kg seeds), Azotobacter – (10g/kg seeds) + PSB – (10g/kg seeds) and Phosphorus 30, 40, 50 kg/ha. There were 10 treatments each replicated thrice. The soil of experimental plot was sandy loamy in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.8), low in organic carbon (0.35%) available N (163.42 kg/ha), available P (21.96 kg/ha) and available K (256.48 kg/ha). Results revealed that the higher number of siliqua (232.53 cm), higher number of seeds/siliqua (20.60), higher test weight (3.92 gm), higher grain yield (20.6 q/ha) and higher stover yield (3.70 t/ha) were significantly influenced with application of Azotobacter - (10g/kg seeds) + PSB - (10g/kg seeds) + Phosphorus - 50kg/ha. Higher gross returns (INR 1,03,828.00/ha), higher net returns (INR 74,178.00/ha) and higher B:C ratio (2.50) were also recorded in treatment-9 (Azotobacter - (10g/kg seeds) + PSB - (10g/kg seeds) + Phosphorus - 50kg/ha). The observations were recorded for plant height, dry weight, Crop growth rate, number of siliqua/plant, number of seeds/siliqua, test weight, see yield and stover yield. The data was statistically analyzed using the analysis of variance method.
Dust Outbreaks across East Iran: Application of Multi-Source Remote Sensing Data (AMSR-E and FengYun3-MWRI) on the Effects of Soil Moisture
Authors: Mehraban Abouzar , Bao Yansong , Yeboah Emmanuel , Sarfo Benedicta Akua , Kpakpo Allotey Michael , Rhadiouini Charafa El , Aikins Ben Emunah , Mettle-Nunoo Desmond Nii Ayitey , Djan Michael Atuahene , Okrah Abraham , Sarfo Isaac 
Published: July 2023

One of the most significant hydro-meteorological and agricultural variables is soil moisture, yet measuring it remains a difficult task. Due to the significant spatial fluctuation of soil moisture, it is difficult to quantify it in a particular spot or field across a sizable region. Despite the thermal band's limitations in assessing soil moisture, MODIS and AVHRR, which are inappropriate were utilized in this investigation. The study examined the impact of soil moisture on dust outbreak. Soil moisture in the study domain was monitored using field techniques and the hybrid model. It combined multi-sourced remote sensing data, obtained from AMSER-E and FY-3 satellites. AMSER-E satellite measures the light temperature in five frequencies ranging from 6. 9 to 89 GHz based on data obtained from AMSER-E. Findings revealed areas with a spatial scale of 25 km2 has a 12-hour time step or variability in dust storm, thereby influencing soil moisture content within the zone of study. In addition to introducing acceptable potentials of the passive microwave band for accurate and applied monitoring of the soil moisture, the present results are viewed as a reliable source for studies on drought in time scale. The study shows that Zabol in Sistan has the highest annual average of 80.7 dust storm days. Soil moisture estimates serve a great deal for preparing soil moisture maps and the evaluation of temporal and spatial variations of soil moisture in study region to address issues related to dust storms.
In order to identify the areas affected by dust storms and understand how dust particles are dispersed in the Sistan region, satellite image processing was employed using MODIS 1 sensor images obtained from the TERRA satellite.
Sistem Pemantauan Meteran Air Berbasis Optical Character Recognition
Authors: Sanjaya Ivan , Sugiarto Indar 
Published: July 2023

Petugas pencatat meteran air perlu berkeliling ke rumah pelanggan setiap bulannya untuk mencatat angka meteran air secara manual. Sebagian pelanggan memiliki meteran air yang terletak di bagian dalam rumah. Oleh karena itu pelanggan perlu mencatat angka meteran dan menempelkannya di depan rumah agar petugas dapat melihat angka tersebut. Terkadang pelanggan dapat lupa untuk mencatat meteran mereka secara manual.
Teknologi Optical Character Recognition dapat digunakan untuk mengenali angka yang terdapat pada meteran air. Dengan memanfaatkan teknologi Internet of Things, hasil pengenalan angka meteran air dapat disimpan dalam database melalui koneksi nirkabel. Kedua teknologi tersebut dapat digunakan untuk melakukan pencatatan dan penyimpanan angka meteran air secara otomatis. Kemudian angka meteran tersebut dapat ditampilkan agar petugas pencatat dapat melihat dengan menggunakan 7-segment display. Setelah itu dengan menggunakan dashboard, pelanggan dapat memantau penggunaan air mereka dan dapat mendeteksi kemungkinan kebocoran pipa.
Dari hasil pengujian, pembacaan angka meteran air memiliki akurasi 100% untuk pembacaan bagian m3. Sistem tidak dapat mengkalsifikasikan angka meteran melakukan pembacaan bagian liter. Pengisian baterai 3000mAH dengan arus 1A memerlukan waktu 5 jam.

Kata Kunci— ESP32-CAM, Optical Character Recognition, Rspberry Pi Zero, Dashboard, 7-Segment, Meteran Air
Excess Death Rates for Republican and Democratic Registered Voters in Florida and Ohio During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Wallace Jacob , Goldsmith-Pinkham Paul , Schwartz Jason L. 
Published: July 2023

ImportanceThere is evidence that Republican-leaning counties have had higher COVID-19 death rates than Democratic-leaning counties and similar evidence of an association between political party affiliation and attitudes regarding COVID-19 vaccination; further data on these rates may be useful.ObjectiveTo assess political party affiliation and mortality rates for individuals during the initial 22 months of the COVID-19 pandemic.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA cross-sectional comparison of excess mortality between registered Republican and Democratic voters between March 2020 and December 2021 adjusted for age and state of voter registration was conducted. Voter and mortality data from Florida and Ohio in 2017 linked to mortality records for January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2021, were used in data analysis.ExposuresPolitical party affiliation.Main Outcomes and MeasuresExcess weekly deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic adjusted for age, county, party affiliation, and seasonality.ResultsBetween January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2021, there were 538 159 individuals in Ohio and Florida who died at age 25 years or older in the study sample. The median age at death was 78 years (IQR, 71-89 years). Overall, the excess death rate for Republican voters was 2.8 percentage points, or 15%, higher than the excess death rate for Democratic voters (95% prediction interval [PI], 1.6-3.7 percentage points). After May 1, 2021, when vaccines were available to all adults, the excess death rate gap between Republican and Democratic voters widened from −0.9 percentage point (95% PI, −2.5 to 0.3 percentage points) to 7.7 percentage points (95% PI, 6.0-9.3 percentage points) in the adjusted analysis; the excess death rate among Republican voters was 43% higher than the excess death rate among Democratic voters. The gap in excess death rates between Republican and Democratic voters was larger in counties with lower vaccination rates and was primarily noted in voters residing in Ohio.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, an association was observed between political party affiliation and excess deaths in Ohio and Florida after COVID-19 vaccines were available to all adults. These findings suggest that differences in vaccination attitudes and reported uptake between Republican and Democratic voters may have been factors in the severity and trajectory of the pandemic in the US.
A 3d‐4d‐5d High Entropy Alloy as a Bifunctional Oxygen Catalyst for Robust Aqueous Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: He Ren , Yang Linlin , Zhang Yu , Jiang Daochuan , Lee Seungho , Horta Sharona , Liang Zhifu , Lu Xuan , Ostovari Moghaddam Ahmad , Li Junshan , Ibáñez Maria , Xu Ying , Zhou Yingtang , Cabot Andreu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHigh entropy alloys (HEAs) are highly suitable candidate catalysts for oxygen evolution and reduction reactions (OER/ORR) as they offer numerous parameters for optimizing the electronic structure and catalytic sites. Herein, FeCoNiMoW HEA nanoparticles are synthesized using a solution‐based low‐temperature approach. Such FeCoNiMoW nanoparticles show high entropy properties, subtle lattice distortions, and modulated electronic structure, leading to superior OER performance with an overpotential of 233 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and 276 mV at 100 mA cm−2. Density functional theory calculations reveal the electronic structures of the FeCoNiMoW active sites with an optimized d‐band center position that enables suitable adsorption of OOH* intermediates and reduces the Gibbs free energy barrier in the OER process. Aqueous zinc–air batteries (ZABs) based on this HEA demonstrate a high open circuit potential of 1.59 V, a peak power density of 116.9 mW cm−2, a specific capacity of 857 mAh gZn−1, and excellent stability for over 660 h of continuous charge–discharge cycles. Flexible and solid ZABs are also assembled and tested, displaying excellent charge–discharge performance at different bending angles. This work shows the significance of 4d/5d metal‐modulated electronic structure and optimized adsorption ability to improve the performance of OER/ORR, ZABs, and beyond.
Synthesis of Zwitterionic CsPbBr3 Nanocrystals with Controlled Anisotropy using Surface‐Selective Ligand Pairs
Authors: Zhu Hua , Kick Matthias , Ginterseder Matthias , Krajewska Chantalle J. , Šverko Tara , Li Ruipeng , Lu Yongli , Shih Meng‐Chen , Van Voorhis Troy , Bawendi Moungi G. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMechanistic studies of the morphology of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (LHP‐NCs) are hampered by a lack of generalizable suitable synthetic strategies and ligand systems. Here, the synthesis of zwitterionic CsPbBr3 NCs is presented with controlled anisotropy using a proposed “surface‐selective ligand pairs” strategy. Such a strategy provides a platform to systematically study the binding affinity of capping ligand pairs and the resulting LHP morphologies. By using zwitterionic ligands (ZwL) with varying structures, majority ZwL‐capped LHP NCs with controlled morphology are obtained, including anisotropic nanoplatelets and nanorods, for the first time. Combining experiments with density functional theory calculations, factors that govern the ligand binding on the different surface facets of LHP‐NCs are revealed, including the steric bulkiness of the ligand, the number of binding sites, and the charge distance between binding moieties. This study provides guidance for the further exploration of anisotropic LHP‐NCs.
In‐Situ‐Generated Electron‐Blocking LiH Enabling an Unprecedented Critical Current Density of Over 15 mA cm−2 for Solid‐State Hydride Electrolytes
Authors: Wei Yiqi , Yang Yaxiong , Chen Zichong , Gao Panyu , Ma Qihang , Gao Mingxi , Yan Chenhui , Wu Zhijun , Jiang Yinzhu , Chen Jian , Yu Xuebin , Li Zhenglong , Zhang Xin , Liu Yongfeng , Gao Mingxia , Sun Wenping , Pan Hongge 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLiBH4 is a promising solid‐state electrolyte (SE) due to its thermodynamic stability to Li. However, poor Li‐ion conductivities at room temperature, low oxidative stabilities, and severe dendrite growth hamper its application. In this work, a partial dehydrogenation strategy is adopted to in situ generate an electronic blocking layer dispersed of LiH, addressing the above three issues simultaneously. The electrically insulated LiH reduces the electronic conductivity by two orders of magnitude, leading to a 32.0‐times higher critical electrical bias for dendrite growth on the particle surfaces than that of the counterpart. Additionally, this layer not only promotes the Li‐ion conductance by stimulating coordinated rotations of BH4− and B12H122−, contributing to a Li‐ion conductivity of 1.38 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 25 °C, but also greatly enhances oxidation stability by localizing the electron density on BH4−, extending its voltage window to 6.0 V. Consequently, this electrolyte exhibits an unprecedented critical current density (CCD) of 15.12 mA cm−2 at 25 °C, long‐term Li plating and stripping stability for 2700 h, and a wide temperature window for dendrite inhibition from −30 to 150 °C. Its Li‐LiCoO2 cell displays high reversibility within 3.0–5.0 V. It is believed that this work provides a clear direction for solid‐state hydride electrolytes.
Enriching Metal–Oxygen Species and Phosphate Modulating of Active Sites for Robust Electrocatalytical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Zhang Bo , Chang Yuan , Zhai Panlong , Wang Chen , Gao Junfeng , Sun Licheng , Hou Jungang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDirect electrochemical reduction of CO2 (CO2RR) into value‐added chemicals is a promising solution to reduce carbon emissions. The activity of CO2RR is influenced deeply by the reaction microenvironment and electronic properties of the catalysts. Herein, the surface PO43− anions are tuned to modulate the local microenvironment and the electronic properties of the indium‐based catalyst with abundant metal–oxygen species enabling efficient electrochemical conversion of CO2 to HCOO−. Indium nanoparticles coupled with PO43− anions (PO43−‐In NPs) achieve a high selectivity of HCOO− up to 91.4% at a low potential of −0.98 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (versus RHE) and a high HCOO− partial current density of 279.3 mA cm−2 at −1.1 V versus RHE in the electrochemical flow cell. In situ and ex situ characterizations confirm the PO43− anions keep stable on the surface of indium during CO2RR, accelerating the generation of OCHO* intermediate. From density functional theory calculations, PO43− anions enrich the metal–oxygen species on the substrate to optimize the electronic structure of the catalysts and induce a local microenvironment with massive K+ ions on the interface, thus reducing the activation energy barrier of CO2RR.
Solution Processed Semi‐Transparent Organic Solar Cells Over 50% Visible Transmittance Enabled by Silver Nanowire Electrode with Sandwich Structure
Authors: Sun Shaoming , Zha Wusong , Tian Chenyang , Wei Zhixiang , Luo Qun , Ma Chang‐Qi , Liu Wuyue , Zhu Xiaozhang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPhotovoltaic windows with easy installation for the power supply of household appliances have long been a desire of energy researchers. However, due to the lack of top electrodes that offer both high transparency and low sheet resistance, the development of high‐transparency photovoltaic windows for indoor lighting scenarios has lagged significantly behind photovoltaic windows where privacy issues are involved. Addressing this issue, this work develops a solution‐processable transparent top electrode using sandwich structure silver nanowires, realizing high transparency in semi‐transparent organic solar cells. The wettability and conducting properties of the electrode are improved by a modified hole‐transport layer named HP. The semi‐transparent solar cell exhibits good see‐through properties at a high average visible transmittance of 50.8%, with power conversion efficiency of 7.34%, and light utilization efficiency of 3.73%, which is the highest without optical modulations. Moreover, flexible devices based on the above‐mentioned architecture also show excellent mechanical tolerance compared with Ag electrode counterparts, which retains 94.5% of their original efficiency after 1500 bending cycles. This work provides a valuable approach for fabricating solution‐processed high transparency organic solar cells, which is essential in future applications in building integrated photovoltaics.
Investigating the Potential of Cuboidal Nanometals as Protein Subunit Vaccine Carriers In Vivo
Authors: Yavuz Emine , Walters Adam A. , Chudasama Bhavnesh V. , Han Shunping , Qin Yue , Al‐Jamal Khuloud T. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMetal nanoparticles (NPs) are suggested as a vaccine delivery platform. At present, there is limited description of cuboidal Ag nanocubes (AgNCs; nonporous) and Au nanocages (AuNCs; porous) as a protein carrier for vaccination. Here, the intrinsic protein binding ability of AgNC and AuNC is first investigated, using ovalbumin (OVA) as a model antigen, to determine its suitability as a vaccine carrier. Next, the effect of AgNCs and AuNCs on bone‐marrow‐derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) is assessed in vitro. Finally, in vivo humoral and cellular immune responses of AgNC–OVA and AuNC–OVA following intramuscular immunization and their prophylactic effects in B16F10‐OVA mice tumor model are investigated. In terms of OVA loading efficiency, AgNCs are superior to AuNCs. Both nanomaterials are found not to induce BMDC maturation at subtoxic doses. After administration of nanovaccines, serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses are comparable between groups. However, there are slight alterations in relative frequencies of lymphocyte subpopulations, with AgNC–OVA‐immunized mice exhibiting lower memory T cells and reduced B cell and T follicular helper cell populations in spleen. Overall, AgNC–OVA and AuNC–OVA immunizations do not alter tumor growth. This study characterizes the intrinsic immunomodulatory properties of AgNCs and AuNCs, as protein subunit vaccine carriers.
Surface Heterogeneity Affects Adsorption Selectivity for CO2 Over CH4 in Bare Mesostructured Silica with 2D Hexagonal Symmetry and Different Pore Size
Authors: Carta Paola , Scorciapino Mariano Andrea 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMesoporous silica‐based materials are used as sorbents and supports in many fields. The ordered pore architecture of MCM‐41, and the absence of interconnections, make it suitable as a model system. The surface is natively functionalized by many silanol groups, endowing the material with a polar surface to directly interact with the target species or to mount additional functional groups. Either bare or functionalized, surface silanol arrangement is crucial to material performance. In the case of CO2 capture with amine‐functionalized silica, silanol groups are responsible for fundamental H‐bonds during chemisorption, but they also modulate the effect and weight of humidity on the material performance. In addition, the silanol groups can also tune the weight of physisorption over chemisorption. The relationship between these aspects and the textural features of mesostructured silica has not been addressed in detail. In this study, computer models are employed to investigate the adsorption capacity and selectivity of bare mesostructured silica with three different pore sizes. Results are rationalized in terms of silanol surface density and pore curvature. The importance of the energetic inequivalence between Q3 and Q2 sites on the silica surface is emphasized, as this causes adsorption behavior to deviate from ideality.
Toward Development of CdZnTe and CdMnTe Thin Film‐Based Solar Cells: Optimized Properties and a Comparative Performance Exploration
Authors: Chander Subhash , Tripathi Surya Kant 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThin‐film solar cells (TFSCs) are garnering attention for their unstoppable growth as a sustainable energy source as well as their innovations and indispensability. TFSCs' efficiency has plateaued, necessitating the development of novel, practical, and inexpensive alternative energy sources. CdTe material lacks the band gap for the top layer. It can still be used as an absorber top layer in tandem photovoltaic cells by forming two new, promising materials, Cd1–xZnxTe (CZT) and Cd1–xMnxTe (CMT). Consequently, CZT and CMT based PV cells have been explored, and an attempt has been made to provide an alternative to cadmuim telluride. After exploring the physical properties of CZT and CMT thin films, CZT and CMT based photovoltaic cells were fabricated using the vacuum evaporation method. Both devices (with low absorber layer thickness, 1.05 µm) showed a power conversion efficiency of 6.67% and 6.11%, respectively. The depletion layer width and dopant densities of both photovoltaic cells were also determined by capacitance–voltage measurements. The quantum efficiencies were measured to identify the specific losses that are causing the measured short circuit current density to deviate from its ideal value. The reproducibility of the devices was also tested, and it is found to be good with an 8–12% deviation.