bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of TEKTIN1‐expressing multiciliated cells during spontaneous differentiation of non‐human primate embryonic stem cells
Authors: Nishie Tomomi , Ohta Yoshio , Shirai Emi , Higaki Shogo , Shimozawa Nobuhiro , Narita Keishi , Kawaguchi Kotoku , Tanaka Hideyuki , Mori Chika , Tanaka Taiga , Hirabayashi Masumi , Suemori Hirofumi , Kurisaki Akira , Tooyama Ikuo , Asano Shinji , Takeda Sén , Takada Tatsuyuki 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTektins are a group of microtubule‐stabilizing proteins necessary for cilia and flagella assembly. TEKTIN1 (TEKT1) is used as a sperm marker for monitoring germ cell differentiation in embryonic stem (ES) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Although upregulation of TEKT1 has been reported during spontaneous differentiation of ES and iPS cells, it is unclear which cells express TEKT1. To identify TEKT1‐expressing cells, we established an ES cell line derived from cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis), which expresses Venus controlled by the TEKT1 promoter. Venus expression was detected at 5 weeks of differentiation on the surface of the embryoid body (EB), and it gradually increased with the concomitant formation of a leash‐like structure at the EB periphery. Motile cilia were observed on the surface of the Venus‐positive leash‐like structure after 8 weeks of differentiation. The expression of cilia markers as well as TEKT1–5 and 9 + 2 microtubule structures, which are characteristic of motile cilia, were detected in Venus‐positive cells. These results demonstrated that TEKT1‐expressing cells are multiciliated epithelial‐like cells that form a leash‐like structure during the spontaneous differentiation of ES and iPS cells. These findings will provide a new research strategy for studying cilia biology, including ciliogenesis and ciliopathies.
The diversity of university disciplinary profiles in research and teaching
Authors: Tsivinskaya Angelika 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIs the ideal of a one‐size‐fits‐all university model—where universities are capable of successfully performing all competencies simultaneously—ever achievable? Has the balance between teaching and research activities grown even more fragile or is such a balance unfeasible? In this paper, we review studies of institutional diversity in higher education and bibliometric analyses. We prose a two‐dimensional typology based on diversity in teaching and research by scientific fields. We investigate the diversity in teaching and research, respectively, at the disciplinary level and address whether these primary activities mirror each other. As a measure of mismatch between the two activities, we assess the distribution of students and publications by scientific fields through a clustering analysis. Our study of higher education institutions (HEIs) in Russia reveals that private universities are less diverse both in research and teaching and have high teaching intensity compared to state universities. Expectedly, universities in the rankings have more diverse profiles and they have a higher research intensity.
Fibroadipose vascular anomaly: a clinicopathological study of 75 cases
Authors: Xue Shuang , Liu Qiuyu , Zhao Yuewu , Kong Lingfei , Fu Fangfang , Gong Yubin , Guo Xiaonan , Dong Changxian , Wang Meiyun 
Published: April 2023

AimsFibroadipose vascular anomaly (FAVA) is a complex vascular malformation that is likely to be under‐recognised. In this study we aimed to report the pathological features and somatic PIK3CA mutations associated with the most common clinicopathological features.Methods and resultsCases were identified by reviewing the lesions resected from patients with FAVA registered at our Haemangioma Surgery Centre and unusual intramuscular vascular anomalies in our pathology database. There were 23 males and 52 females, who ranged in age from 1 to 51 years. Most cases occurred in the lower extremities (n = 62). The majority of the lesions were intramuscular, with a few disrupting the overlying fascia and involving subcutaneous fat (19 of 75), and a minority of the cases had cutaneous vascular stains (13 of 75). Histopathologically, the lesion was composed of anomalous vascular components that were intertwined with mature adipocytic and dense fibrous tissues and vascular components with: (a) clusters of thin‐walled channels, some with blood‐filled nodules and others with thin walls resembling pulmonary alveoli; (b) numerous small vessels (arteries, veins and indeterminate channels) – proliferative small blood vessels were often mixed with adipose tissue; (c) larger abnormal venous channels usually irregularly and sometimes excessively muscularised; (d) lymphoid aggregates or lymphoplasmacytic aggregates were usually observed; and (e) lymphatic malformations were sometimes seen as minor elements. All patients had their lessons subjected to PCR, and 53 patients had somatic PIK3CA mutations (53 of 75).ConclusionsFAVA is a slow‐flow vascular malformation with specific clinicopathological and molecular characteristics. Its recognition is fundamental for its clinical/prognostic implications and for targeted therapy.
Immunisation used for offensive and defensive purposes during the Second World War
Authors: Shanks George Dennis 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe best defence against natural or intentional biological agents during armed conflict is usually immunisation, as with typhoid fever, but exceptional circumstances are informative. A large iatrogenic epidemic of hepatitis B occurred in 1942 due to contaminated lots of yellow fever (YF) vaccine used in the US military, even though there was no natural risk of infection. YF vaccine was intended to protect against Japanese Army's use of YF as a biowarfare agent, which did not eventuate. Salmonella typhi was used to infect German soldiers in a Paris café during Christmas 1941 in the knowledge that the café staff but not the soldiers were likely to be immunised against typhoid fever. German Army use of the Weil–Felix reaction to eliminate civilians likely to be typhus infected was subverted by Polish medical officers. They immunised civilians with locally produced Proteus antigens to create false‐positive Weil–Felix reactions in order to exempt men from forced labour schemes. Immunisation against biowarfare agents has a mixed record, indicating that vaccines rarely cover well for intelligence gaps.
Effects of face masks on language comprehension in bilingual children
Authors: Singh Leher , Quinn Paul C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDue to the COVID‐19 pandemic, many children receive language input through face coverings. The impact of face coverings for children's abilities to understand language remains unclear. Past research with monolingual children suggests that hearing words through surgical masks does not disrupt word recognition, but hearing words through transparent face shields proves more challenging. In this study, we investigated effects of different face coverings (surgical masks and transparent face shields) on language comprehension in bilingual children. Three‐year‐old English‐Mandarin bilingual children (N = 28) heard familiar words in both English and Mandarin spoken through transparent face shields, surgical masks, and without masks. When tested in English, children recognized words presented without a mask and through a surgical mask, but did not recognize words presented with transparent face shields, replicating past findings with monolingual children. In contrast, when tested in Mandarin, children recognized words presented without a mask, through a surgical mask, and through a transparent face shield. Results are discussed in terms of specific properties of English and Mandarin that may elicit different effects for transparent face shields. Overall, the present findings suggest that face coverings, and in particular, surgical masks do not disrupt spoken word recognition in young bilingual children.
Spatiotemporal Variability Comparisons of Water Quality and Escherichia coli in an Oklahoma Stream
Authors: Graves Grant M. , Vogel Jason R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFecal indicator bacteria, Escherichia coli, for primary body contact recreation (PBCR) in Oklahoma waterbodies, is defined as the geometric mean of 10 samples from the recreation season, May 1 to September 30, with an impairment threshold of 126 colony forming units (cfu) per 100 mL. However, the water quality standards provide limited guidance on spatiotemporal and environmental factors that could influence samples collected and analyzed. In this study, two stream cross sections under baseflow conditions in a central Oklahoma urban perennial stream, Spring Creek, were densely sampled to investigate temporal and spatial variability of E. coli concentrations and water quality parameters across the stream channel. Water quality parameters (specific conductivity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, and total suspended solids (TSS)), stream discharge, and bacteria samples were collected simultaneously at equal intervals across the two cross sections in the morning and afternoon during one summer day with sunny, dry, and hot weather conditions. Results indicate a significant difference between time‐of‐day samples and water quality parameters and E. coli concentrations. Strong correlations between temperature, dissolved oxygen, and time versus E. coli concentrations were observed, while location, turbidity, and TSS were not significant or correlated to measured values. Furthermore, E. coli concentrations were highly variable spatially across each stream cross section, regardless of time of day or location. Results from this study provide an initial indication that stream water quality, spatial cross section sample location, and diurnal variations may be influencing factors on bacteria concentrations.
Prediction ability of an alternative multi‐trait genomic evaluation for residual feed intake
Authors: Pravia Maria Isabel , Navajas Elly Ana , Aguilar Ignacio , Ravagnolo Olga 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSelection for feed efficiency is the goal for many genetic breeding programs in beef cattle. Residual feed intake has been included in genetic evaluations to reduce feed intake without compromising performance traits as liveweight, body gain or carcass traits. However, measuring feed intake is expensive, and only a small percentage of selection candidates are phenotyped. Genomic selection has become a very important tool to achieve effective genetic progress in these traits. Another effective strategy has been the implementation of multi‐trait prediction using easily recordable predictor traits on both reference animals and candidates without phenotypes, and this could be another inexpensive way to increase accuracy. The objective of this work was to analyse and compare the prediction ability of two alternative different approaches to predict GEBVs for RFI. The population of inference was Hereford bulls in Uruguay that were genotyped candidates for to selection. The first model was the conventional univariate model for RFI and the second model was a multi‐trait model which included a predictor trait (weaning weight, WW), in addition to the traits used in the first one (dry matter intake, metabolic mid test weight, average daily gain and ultrasound back fat) (DMI, MWT, ADG, UBF, respectively). GEBVs from the multi‐trait model were combined using selection index theory to derive RFI values. All analyses were performed using ssGBLUP procedure. The prediction ability of both models was tested using two validation strategies (30 different replicates of random groups of animals and validation across 9 different feed intake tests). The prediction quality was assessed by the following parameters: bias, dispersion, ratio of accuracies and the relative increase in accuracy by adding phenotypic information. All parameters showed that the univariate model outperforms the multi‐trait model, regardless of the validation strategy considered. These results indicate that including WW as a proxy trait in a multi‐trait analysis does not improve the prediction ability when all animals to be predicted are genotyped.
Exploring relationships among students' computational thinking skills, emotions, and cognitive load using simulation games in primary education
Authors: Pellas Nikolaos 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundOwing to the exponential growth of three‐dimensional (3D) environments amongst researchers and educators to create simulation games (SGs) in primary education, there is a growing interest to examine their potential support in computer science courses instead of visual programming environments.ObjectivesThis study explores the relationships between students' learning performance, focusing on computational thinking (CT) and programming skills development, in association with their cognitive load (mental load and mental effort) and emotions (happiness, anger, anxiety, sadness) by playing SGs.MethodsA total of two hundred and ninety participants (n = 290) in fifth‐grade classes (10–11 years old) of Greek primary schools completed all pre‐and post‐intervention tests. A quasi‐experimental study was conducted over a 14‐week timetable course and in two comparison conditions, in which a SG was created by using OpenSimulator&Scratch4SL and Scratch for the experimental group (n = 145) and the control group (n = 145), respectively. To further investigate the effectiveness of the proposed SG in each teaching intervention, an exploration of relationships between students' learning performance, cognitive load, and emotions through multiple analyses, depending on correlation, t‐tests, correlation, and hierarchal regression was delivered.Results and ConclusionsThe findings indicate that the proposed SG created by using OpenSimulator&Scratch4SL positively affected students' emotions and cognitive load, whereas there was no significant difference in learning gain between the two groups.ImplicationsThe study provides empirical evidence on the effects of SGs on students' knowledge acquisition, highlighting the importance of considering both cognitive and emotional components in the design of these games. The findings also offer valuable insights for implications policy and practice.
Spontaneous regeneration of keratinized tissue at implants and teeth
Authors: Imber Jean‐Claude , Roccuzzo Andrea , Stähli Alexandra , Bosshardt Dieter D. , Muñoz Fernando , Ramseier Christoph A. , Lang Niklaus P. , Sculean Anton 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate the spontaneous regeneration of the implanto‐mucosal and dento‐gingival unit after complete removal of keratinized tissue (KT).Materials and MethodsOne hemi‐mandible per dog (n = 4) was allocated to receive three dental implants (test sites, premolar region), whereas three premolars on the contralateral side were controls. After osseointegration, the entire KT (buccal + lingual) was surgically excised on all test and control sites, leaving the bone exposed. Clinical measurements were performed before excision (T0) and after 12 weeks (T1). Following healing, the animals were euthanized, and the specimens were histologically processed. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed.ResultsClinical measurements revealed that at T1, on all teeth, a band of KT was spontaneously regenerated (mean width: 2.60 ± 0.66 mm), whereas on implants, KT was detected only occasionally at mesial or distal but not at buccal sites (mean total: 0.35 ± 0.53 mm; p < .0001). Histologically, spontaneous regeneration of the dento‐gingival unit was evident, displaying masticatory mucosa. At the implant sites, on the other hand, the implanto‐mucosal unit was characterized by a non‐keratinized epithelium and elastic fibres, indicating the characteristics encountered in alveolar mucosa.ConclusionAfter excision of KT at implant sites, the spontaneous regeneration of the soft tissue is characterized by a non‐keratinized epithelium typical for alveolar mucosa, while at tooth sites the spontaneous regeneration was characterized by soft tissue resembling gingiva.
Isotopic life‐history signatures are retained in modern and ancient Atlantic bluefin tuna vertebrae
Authors: Andrews Adam J. , Orton David , Onar Vedat , Addis Piero , Tinti Fausto , Alexander Michelle 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIsotopic, tagging and diet studies of modern‐day teleosts lacked the ability to contextualise life‐history and trophic dynamics with a historical perspective, when exploitation rates were lower and climatic conditions differed. Isotopic analysis of vertebrae, the most plentiful hard‐part in archaeological and museum collections, can potentially fill this data‐gap. Chemical signatures of habitat and diet use during growth are retained by vertebrae during bone formation. Nonetheless, to fulfil their potential to reveal life‐history and trophic dynamics, we need a better understanding of the time frame recorded by vertebrae, currently lacking due to a poor understanding of fish bone remodelling. To address this issue, the authors serially‐sectioned four vertebral centra of the highly migratory Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus; BFT) captured off Sardinia (Italy) and analysed their isotopic composition. They show how carbon (δ13C), nitrogen (δ15N) and sulphur (δ34S) isotope values can vary significantly across BFT vertebrae growth‐axes, revealing patterning in dietary life histories. Further, they find that similar patterns are revealed through incremental isotopic analysis of inner and outer vertebrae centra samples from 13 archaeological BFT vertebrae dating between the 9th and13th centuries CE. The results indicate that multi‐year foraging signatures are retained in vertebrae and allow for the study of life histories in both modern and paleo‐environments. These novel methods can be extended across teleost taxa owing to their potential to inform management and conservation on how teleost trophic dynamics change over time and what their long‐term environmental, ecological and anthropological drivers are.
The stability of singlehood: Limitations of the relationship status paradigm and a new theoretical framework for reimagining singlehood
Authors: Tessler Hannah 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe term single is limited as it is defined as the absence of a romantic partner, which places one's relationship status within a binary, assumes availability for romantic partnership, and implies single is a transitory state preceding union formation. These perceptions of singlehood serve to maintain hegemonic structures of marriage and nuclear family. However, the implications associated with the term single do not represent the experiences of all singles. This paper proposes an alternative framework for classifying singles based on their approach to romantic relationships that considers both openness to and desire for romantic partnership. I provide a typology of singles that defy the assumptions of singlehood and situate these categories within my theoretical framework. Finally, I demonstrate how this framework highlights the potential stability of singlehood, and I conclude by examining how social scientists can use this theory to better understand heterogeneity in singles' experiences.
Parents' childbearing motivations, parenting, and child adjustment: From pregnancy to20‐monthspostpartum
Authors: Nachoum Reut , Moed Anat , Madjar Nir , Kanat‐Maymon Yaniv 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveGuided by Self‐Determination Theory, the study explored how maternal and paternal prenatal childbearing motivations relate to toddlers' adjustment via parental competence and parenting style.BackgroundAlthough considerable research shows consistent effects of parenting styles on child adjustment, why some parents adopt any specific style is unclear. To explore this, two broad types of childbearing motivations (autonomous and controlled) were conceptualized as early markers of parental competence, specific parenting styles, and subsequent child adjustment.MethodOne‐hundred and fifty‐five married, heterosexual, Israeli couples (N = 310) participated in a 2‐year longitudinal study from pregnancy through 20 months postpartum. Childbearing motivations were measured during pregnancy (T1), parental competence at 4 months postpartum (T2), and parenting styles and child behavior problems at 20 months postpartum (T3).ResultsA dyadic longitudinal path model revealed that childbearing motivations of both parents were positively associated with an adaptive, authoritative parenting style via parental competence. Moderate indirect effects of controlled childbearing motivations on toddlers' behavior problems were evident through the less adaptive—authoritarian and permissive—parenting styles.ConclusionThis study underscores the importance of childbearing motivations as early indicators of future parenting styles and child adjustment and sheds light on parenting as a complex dyadic process.
Development of a novel prognostic signature derived from essential genes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Dai Yibin , Yao Qin , Wang Ziyu , Diao Pengfei , Wang Dongmiao , Yan Enshi , Wang Yanling 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundSubstantial heterogeneity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) compromise accurate patient stratification and personalized treatment planning. Current molecular classification is largely based on genes with highly variable expression without considering their functional roles. Here, we sought to identify HNSCC essential genes for patient stratification and prognostication.MethodsEssential genes for HNSCC were screened from genome‐wide CRISPR knockout datasets. Candidates were further identified through univariate Cox regression. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator was utilized to develop the prognostic signature. Candidate essential genes were exploited to classify patients into subgroups by consensus clustering. Survival outcomes, genomic alterations, signaling activities, and therapeutic vulnerabilities were compared between patient subgroups.ResultsSixty‐eight genes were identified as candidates and utilized to develop an 8‐gene prognostic signature. Patients were segregated into two clusters with distinct survival rates across multiple cohorts based on upregulated essential genes. Cluster 2 exhibited higher TP53, CDKN2A, and NOTCH1 mutations, higher stromal activities, worse prognosis as well as and sensitivities to cell cycle inhibitors. Cluster 1 was characterized by a better prognosis and susceptibility to PI3K/AKT and MAPK inhibitors.ConclusionOur study developed a novel and robust prognostic signature and classification derived from essential genes for HNSCC, which sheds new light on HNSCC precision oncology.