bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compact and efficient polarization rotator using laterally asymmetric rib waveguides on a lithium-niobate-on-insulator platform
Authors: Wang Qifeng , Xiao Jinbiao 
Published: June 2023

Photonic devices based on a lithium-niobate-on-insulator (LNOI) are
current research hotspots; however, owing to the high refractive index
contrast of the LNOI platform and inherent birefringence of lithium
niobate itself, such photonic devices are generally polarization
sensitive, affecting their further wide application. This paper
proposes a simple, compact, and efficient polarization rotator (PR)
based on a laterally asymmetric rib waveguide by depositing a layer of
semi-infinite silicon nitride dielectric material on one side of the
rib waveguide. The results show that a PR with a polarization rotation
region length of 15.77 µm is achieved, and the polarization
extinction ratio (PER), insertion loss (IL), and polarization
conversion efficiency (PCE) are 38.57/68.95 and 0.2/0.22 dB,
and 99.99%/almost 100%, respectively, for the fundamental transverse
electric mode (TE0) and transverse magnetic mode (TM0) at a 1.55 µm wavelength. The
operation bandwidth is around 120 nm for the TE0 mode and TM0 mode when the PER, IL, and PCE are
greater than 20 dB, less than 0.32 dB, and more than
99%, respectively. Fabrication tolerances to the key structural
parameters are investigated in detail. In addition, the evolution
fields of the TE0 mode and TM0 mode along the propagation direction
through the proposed device are presented.
Generation of stable propagation Bessel beams and axial multifoci beams with binary amplitude filters
Authors: Zhang Xin , Zhang Xiao-Tong , Ye Jia-Sheng , Feng Sheng-Fei , Wang Xin-Ke , Han Peng , Sun Wen-Feng , Zhang Yan 
Published: June 2023

The binary amplitude filter (BAF) is employed to generate stable propagation Bessel beams and axial multifoci beams, rather than the traditional continuous amplitude filter (CAF). We introduce a parameter along the azimuth direction, i.e., angular order of the BAF, to weaken transverse intensity asymmetry. Numerical simulations reveal that the BAF implements the same optical functionalities as the CAF. The BAF holds advantages over the traditional CAF: a simpler fabrication process, a lower cost, and a higher experimental accuracy. It is believed that the BAF should have many practical applications in future optical systems.
Effects of T cell leptin signaling on systemic glucose tolerance and T cell responses in obesity
Authors: Kiernan Kaitlin , Nichols Amanda G. , Alwarawrah Yazan , MacIver Nancie J. 
Published: June 2023

Background/Objectives
Leptin is an adipokine secreted in proportion to adipocyte mass and is therefore increased in obesity. Leptin signaling has been shown to directly promote inflammatory T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 17 (Th17) cell number and function. Since T cells have a critical role in driving inflammation and systemic glucose intolerance in obesity, we sought to determine the role of leptin signaling in this context.

Methods
Male and female T cell-specific leptin receptor knockout mice and littermate controls were placed on low-fat diet or high-fat diet to induce obesity for 18 weeks. Weight gain, serum glucose levels, systemic glucose tolerance, T cell metabolism, and T cell differentiation and cytokine production were examined.

Results
In both male and female mice, T cell-specific leptin receptor deficiency did not reverse impaired glucose tolerance in obesity, although it did prevent impaired fasting glucose levels in obese mice compared to littermate controls, in a sex dependent manner. Despite these minimal effects on systemic metabolism, T cell-specific leptin signaling was required for changes in T cell metabolism, differentiation, and cytokine production observed in mice fed high-fat diet compared to low-fat diet. Specifically, we observed increased T cell oxidative metabolism, increased CD4+ T cell IFN-γ expression, and increased proportion of T regulatory (Treg) cells in control mice fed high-fat diet compared to low-fat diet, which were not observed in the leptin receptor conditional knockout mice, suggesting that leptin receptor signaling is required for some of the inflammatory changes observed in T cells in obesity.

Conclusions
T cell-specific deficiency of leptin signaling alters T cell metabolism and function in obesity but has minimal effects on obesity-associated systemic metabolism. These results suggest a redundancy in cytokine receptor signaling pathways in response to inflammatory signals in obesity.
The role of histological subtypes in the survival of patients diagnosed with cutaneous or mucosal melanoma in the United States of America
Authors: Tabatabai Mohammad A. , Bahri Nader , Matthews-Juarez Patricia , Alcendor Donald , Cooper Robert , Juarez Paul , Ramesh Aramandla , Tabatabai Niki , Singh Karan P. , Wilus Derek 
Published: June 2023

Background
Literature presents limited information on histological subtypes and their association with other factors influencing the survival of melanoma patients. To explore the risk of death due to melanoma associated with histological subtypes, this retrospective study used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program (SEER) data from 1998 to 2019.

Methods
A total of 27,532 patients consisting of 15,527 males and 12,005 females. The Hypertabastic Accelerated Failure Time model was used to analyze the impact of histology on the survival of patients with cutaneous or mucosal melanoma.

Results
The median survival time (MST) for cutaneous patients was 149 months, whereas those diagnosed with mucosal melanoma was 34 months. Nodular melanoma had a hazard ratio of 3.40 [95% CI: (2.94, 3.94)] compared to lentigo maligna melanoma. Across all histological subtypes, females had a longer MST, when compared to males. The hazard ratio (HR) of distant to localized melanoma was 9.56 [95% CI: (7.58, 12.07)].

Conclusions
Knowledge of patients’ histological subtypes and their hazard assessment would enable clinicians and healthcare providers to perform personalized treatment, resulting in a lower risk of complication and higher survivability of melanoma patients. Significant factors were stage of the disease, age, histology, sex, and income. Focus should be placed on high-risk populations with severe and aggressive histological subtypes. Programs that emphasize preventive measures such as awareness, education, and early screening could reduce risk.
Association of red blood cell distribution width-to-albumin ratio with mortality in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Meng Limin , Yang Hua , Xin Shuanli , Chang Chao , Liu Lijun , Gu Guoqiang 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundFrailty is associated with poor prognosis in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). The red blood cell distribution width (RDW)-to-albumin ratio (RAR) reflects key components of frailty. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between RAR and all-cause mortality in patients undergoing TAVR.MethodsThe data were extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database. The RAR was computed by dividing the RDW by the albumin. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality within 1-year following TAVR. The association between RAR and the primary outcome was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier survival curves, restricted cubic spline (RCS), and Cox proportional hazard regression models.ResultsA total of 760 patients (52.9% male) with a median age of 84.0 years were assessed. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that patients with higher RAR had higher mortality (log-rankP <0.001). After adjustment for potential confounders, we found that a 1 unit increase in RAR was associated with a 46% increase in 1-year mortality (HR = 1.46, 95% CI:1.22–1.75,P< 0.001). According to the RAR tertiles, high RAR (RAR > 4.0) compared with the low RAR group (RAR < 3.5) significantly increased the risk of 1-year mortality (HR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.23–3.95,P= 0.008). The RCS regression model revealed a continuous linear relationship between RAR and all-cause mortality. No significant interaction was observed in the subgroup analysis.ConclusionThe RAR is independently associated with all-cause mortality in patients treated with TAVR. The higher the RAR, the higher the mortality. This simple indicator may be helpful for risk stratification of TAVR patients.
A Novel Framework for Ancient Text Translation Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Verma Shikha , Gupta Neha , B C Anil , Chauhan Rosey 
Published: June 2023

Ancient script has been a repository of knowledge, culture and civilization history. In order to have a greater access to the valuable information present in the ancient scripts, an appropriate translation system needs to be developed keeping complexity and very less knowledge of the script available in consideration. In this study, a translation and prediction system has been implemented using Artificial Intelligence. The training has been developed using Sunda-Dataset and self-generated dataset, whereas the translation from ancient script viz. Sundanese script to English text is done using two layers Recurrent Neural Network. The technique used is compared with an existing translator called IM Translator. The results shows that the BLEU score is increased by 8% in comparison to IM Translator further WER is decreased by 10% in contrast to IM Translator. Furthermore, the N-Gram analysis results indicate 3% to 4% increase in 100% contrast value.
Decolonising the Library – in Deutschland?
Authors: Schürer Yvonne 
Published: June 2023

Zusammenfassung
Das Begriffsverständnis von Dekolonialisierung, die Schnittstelle von dekolonialer Theorie mit dem Bibliothekswesen und mögliche Handlungsoptionen in informationsvermittelnden Einrichtungen sind Inhalte dieses Artikels. Mithilfe eines Sachstands- und Literaturberichts werden begriffliche Interpretations- und Deutungsschwierigkeiten erläutert. Eine typenbildende Inhaltsanalyse führt zur Entwicklung eines Kategoriensystems der ermittelten Handlungsmöglichkeiten. Insgesamt werden neun Kategorien definiert und durch zugehörige Anwendungsbeispiele ergänzt.
Mach–Zehnder interferometric analysis of planar polymer waveguide having an adlayer of WS2 for biosensing applications
Authors: Upadhyay Abhishek , Yadav Chandan Singh , Singh Vivek 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
To enhance the sensing performance of a four-layer planar polymer optical waveguide, an adlayer of tungsten disulfide material is introduced. Also, the proposed waveguide is used to demonstrate theoretically the detection of uric acid concentration in blood or urine. The heterostructure of two-dimensional WS2 offers excellent dry lubricity with respect to any other 2D substance, such as graphite or molybdenum disulfide. The proposed waveguide is analyzed using the common path Mach–Zehnder interferometric method. The dispersion characteristic i.e., the effective refractive indices and thickness of proposed waveguide is plotted for a particular wavelength range to optimize the thickness of film layer. The difference in propagation constant and output interference signal for changing the cover medium is calculated. Using the output interference signal, the phase sensitivity 213 degree/RIU is obtained in the proposed waveguide. The maximum obtained sensitivity, limit of detection and limit of quantification for uric acid concentration in the proposed waveguide structure is 6.86 × 10−2 degree mM−1, 0.061 mM and 0.203 mM, respectively.
Virtue, Wide Duties, and Casuistry. On why there is aDoctrine of Methodin Kant’sDoctrine of Virtue
Authors: Schmidt Elke Elisabeth 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper deals primarily with theDoctrine of Method(DM) of Kant’sDoctrine of Virtue. First, I present an overview of theDM(1.1) and an explanation of how it is possible to teach virtue (1.2). Second, I address the following issues: Why is aDMnecessary at all (2.1)? How does theDMrelate to what Kant calls casuistry (2.2)? I will argue that wide duties have two essential characteristics: They command the right kind of moral motivation in terms of a moral maxim, and they allow for latitude. The fact that wide duties command the right kind of motivation leads to theDM; the latitude of wide duties, however, leads to casuistry. To unfold this interpretation, it must also be shown that both imperfect and perfect duties are wide duties.
Midazolam impedes lung carcinoma cell proliferation and migration via EGFR/MEK/ERK signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Xiangchao , Han Zhe , Li Zhengjun , Wang Tao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a dominating type of lung cancer with high morbidity and mortality. Midazolam has been reported to promote cell apoptosis in NSCLC, but the molecular mechanism of midazolam remains to be further explored. In the current work, cell viability, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis rates of NSCLC cells treated with midazolam were measured using cell counting kit-8 assay, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) and colony formation assays, transwell, and flow cytometry assay, respectively, to evaluate the malignant behaviors. Western blot was applied to access EGFR/MEK/ERK pathway-related protein levels. The results demonstrated midazolam significantly declined the viability of NSCLC cells. Furthermore, midazolam restrained cell proliferation and migration and contributed to cell apoptosis in NSCLC. Midazolam exerted suppressive function to EGFR pathway during NSCLC development. Moreover, the activation of EGFR/MEK/ERK pathway abrogated the effects of midazolam on NSCLC cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. Taken together, midazolam exhibited anti-tumor effects hallmarked by EGFR pathway inhibition, providing a novel insight into the treatment of NSCLC.
Crystal structure of N-(diaminomethylene)-1-(dimethylamino)-1-iminiomethanaminium dichloride, C4H13Cl2N5
Authors: Xia Yu-Pei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
C4H13Cl2N5, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 7.1868(6) Å, b = 5.8408(4) Å, c = 12.6534(11) Å, β =

105.134

(
2
)

∘

$105.134{(2)}^{\circ }$

, V = 512.73(7) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0354, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0961, T = 298 K.
Media and the Sacralization of Leaders and Events: The Construction of a Religious Public Sphere
Authors: Coman Mihai 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study aims to demonstrate that media can achieve a religious construction of an event or issue and set the public sphere in a religious frame through the sacralization of events and persons. This perspective can be supported empirically by the studies showing the way in which mass media framed different events in a religious imaginary and language and proposed this image as a frame for public sphere debates and theoretically by the concepts of media events, mediatization, ritualization, and sacralization, in order to reveal the processes through which the translation from a secular discourse to a religious discourse is produced. Under certain circumstances, mass media work as an “as if” (metaphoric) religion, and the events are presented through a religious frame – through themes and figures that come from the religious sacred narratives. Journalists accomplish this by setting events and leaders within the symbolic frame specific to religion: within this framework, those who report the facts are using narratives close to hagiographic stories, and by this, they are accomplishing the sacralization of these events. This enables journalists to exert a “ritual mastery” over presenting the events and imposing its significations.
Surface and foaming properties of an anionic CO2-switchable tail surfactant
Authors: Benedix Robin R. , Poole Hailey , Zauser Diana , Preisig Natalie , Jessop Philip G. , Stubenrauch Cosima 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
CO2-switchable materials in general and CO2-switchable surfactants in particular are of great interest in environmental research. There is a great potential to make processes more environmentally friendly by enhancing reusability and circularity and thus reducing material costs and energy consumption by replacing common non-switchable surfactants with their switchable counterparts. Inspired by this, the present work deals with the surface and foaming properties of aqueous solutions of the novel anionic CO2-switchable tail surfactant sodium 4-(methyl(octyl)amino)butane-1-sulfonate. In the presence of N2, the unprotonated surfactant is able to stabilize foams. By switching, i.e. by protonating the CO2-responsive trialkyl amine group in the surfactants hydrocarbon chain, the amphiphilic nature of the surfactant is reduced which is indicated by an increase of the plateau surface tension and a higher CMC compared to the non-protonated surfactant. Furthermore, the ability of the protonated surfactant to stabilize foams is reduced.
Crystal structure of the ternary silicide ErNi4.04Si0.96
Authors: Belan Bohdana , Dzevenko Mariya , Kowalska Dorota A. , Gladyshevskii Roman 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The ternary silicide ErNi4.04Si0.96 was synthesized by arc-melting of stoichiometric quantities of the elements, and its crystal structure has been determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The compound crystallizes in the CaCu5 structure type: hexagonal space group P6/mmm, Pearson code hP6, Z = 1; a = 4.874(3), c = 3.959(2) Å, V = 81.5(1) Å3; R1 = 0.0239, wR2 = 0.0503, for 67 independent reflections with I > 2σ(I) and eight variables. The erbium and nickel atoms occupy the crystallographic positions 1a and 2c, respectively. The position 3g is occupied by a mixture of Ni and Si atoms. The structure of this silicide represents a packing of bipyramidal units built from nickel and Ni/Si atoms.
Hydroxyapatite stabilized silver nanoparticles and their catalytic activity
Authors: Shafqat Rabia , Begum Robina , Irfan Ahmad , Farooqi Zahoor H. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In the current work, hydroxyapatite (HAP) particles were synthesized by using Citrus Limon. Pectin was extracted from lemon and was used as stabilizing agent during particles synthesis. HAP particles were synthesized by mixing calcium chloride solution and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution and pectin in a definite ratio. Fabrication of silver nanoparticles was carried out in the presence of HAP particles to obtain Ag-HAP hybrid particles. HAP and Ag-HAP systems were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The catalytic activity of Ag-HAP system was evaluated by reducing 4-nitrophenol and by degrading organic dyes (Rhodamine b, Brilliant blue and Methyl orange). The experimental results showed that Ag-HAP hybrid particles have good catalytic activity and may be used for catalysis of different organic reactions.
Long-Term Effects of Preterm Birth on Children’s Brain Structure: An Analysis of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study
Authors: Nath Niloy , Beltrano Winnica , Haynes Logan , Dewey Deborah , Bray Signe 
Published: June 2023

AbstractApproximately 10% of births are preterm [PTB; <37 weeks gestational age (GA)], which confers risk for cognitive, behavioral, and mental health challenges. Using the large and relatively diverse (i.e., designed to reflect sociodemographic variation in the United States population) Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (ABCD Study), we characterized the impact of PTB on brain structure in middle-late childhood (9–10 years). The ABCD sample covers the GA spectrum, and the large sample size (∼11,500) permits consideration of how associations between PTB and brain structure are impacted by GA, sex, birthweight, and analytic choices such as controlling for total brain size. We found a pattern of relative cortical thinning in temporoparietal and dorsal prefrontal regions and thickening of medial prefrontal and occipital regions in PTB compared with children born full term (≥37 weeks GA). This pattern was apparent when controlling for mean thickness and when considering moderate (>32 and <37 weeks GA) and very PTB (≤32 weeks GA) separately, relative to full term birth. Surface area (SA) and subcortical volumes showed reductions in PTB children that were largely attenuated when controlling for brain size. Effects on cortical thickness (CT) and surface area were partially mediated by birthweight. Although boys are at increased risk for adverse outcomes following PTB, there was limited evidence of sex differences of PTB effects. Finally, cortical thickness effects estimated in a “discovery” sample (N = 7528) predicted GA in a holdout “replication” sample (N = 2139). Our findings help to clarify the effects of PTB on brain structure into late childhood across the GA spectrum.
Cholinergic Stimulation Modulates the Functional Composition of CA3 Cell Types in the Hippocampus
Authors: Puhl Christopher Jon , Wefelmeyer Winnie , Burrone Juan 
Published: June 2023

The functional heterogeneity of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons has emerged as a key aspect of circuit function. Here, we explored the effects of long-term cholinergic activity on the functional heterogeneity of CA3 pyramidal neurons in organotypic slices obtained from male rat brains. Application of agonists to either AChRs generally, or mAChRs specifically, induced robust increases in network activity in the low-gamma range. Prolonged AChR stimulation for 48 h uncovered a population of hyperadapting CA3 pyramidal neurons that typically fired a single, early action potential in response to current injection. Although these neurons were present in control networks, their proportions were dramatically increased following long-term cholinergic activity. Characterized by the presence of a strong M-current, the hyperadaptation phenotype was abolished by acute application of either M-channel antagonists or the reapplication of AChR agonists. We conclude that long-term mAChR activation modulates the intrinsic excitability of a subset of CA3 pyramidal cells, uncovering a highly plastic cohort of neurons that are sensitive to chronic ACh modulation. Our findings provide evidence for the activity-dependent plasticity of functional heterogeneity in the hippocampus.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe large heterogeneity of neuron types in the brain, each with its own specific functional properties, provides the rich cellular tapestry needed to account for the vast diversity of behaviors. By studying the functional properties of neurons in the hippocampus, a region of the brain involved in learning and memory, we find that exposure to the neuromodulator acetylcholine can alter the relative number of functionally defined neuron types. Our findings suggest that the heterogeneity of neurons in the brain is not a static feature but can be modified by the ongoing activity of the circuits to which they belong.