bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enzyme‐Based Synthetic Protein Nanoparticles as Colloidal Antioxidants
Authors: Mauser Ava , Quevedo Daniel F. , Zhang Boya , Hernandez Yazmin , Berardi Anthony , Brown William , Lee Sophia , Miki Rikako , Raymond Jeffery , Lahann Joerg , Greineder Colin F. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractProtein‐based drug delivery systems have gained popularity due to their biocompatibility, straightforward surface modification, and potential for intrinsic therapeutic activity. Among therapeutic proteins, enzymes are particularly attractive because of their specificity, efficient reaction rates, regeneration after substrate turnover, and proven track record in the treatment of diseases ranging from cancer to inherited metabolic and lysosomal storage disorders. Herein, previous work on electrohydrodynamic jetting is expanded upon by developing a novel class of protein nanoparticles that features therapeutic enzymes. In particular, nanoparticles incorporating the antioxidant enzyme, catalase, at weight fractions as high as 50% are reported. Catalase‐based synthetic protein nanoparticles (CAT‐SPNPs) demonstrate sustained antioxidative activity, retain significantly enhanced enzymatic activity compared to its solute form, and overall demonstrate good structural stability. Moreover, surface functionalization of CAT‐SPNPs with targeting antibodies results in ≈12.5‐fold increase in uptake over unmodified control particles. Importantly, CAT‐SPNPs exert protection from oxidative stress, as indicated by significant increase in viability and reduction in LDH release compared to equivalent amounts of free catalase. Taken together, the work establishes targeted enzyme‐based SPNPs as a platform for enhancing the drug‐like properties of therapeutic enzymes.
Bipolar Photoresponse in Graphene/GaN Heterostructure and its Secure Function in Free‐Space Optical Communication
Authors: Zhang Shifeng , Hu Anqi , Liu Qiaoli , Xu Li , Ren Xiansong , Wang Bo , Ren Yanling , Liu Wenyu , Zhou Xingye , Chen Shanshan , Guo Xia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe free‐space optical communication is regarded as a promising technique for next generation networks. However, all the data are exposed in free space with high risk of being attacked or eavesdropping by unauthorized parties. Here, a bipolar photodetector based on the graphene/GaN heterojunction is demonstrated. The polarity of the UV light photocurrent is opposite to that of the red light photocurrent, which results from the interface state filling effect and hot carrier injection into graphene, verified by Kelvin probe force microscope measurement results. Four stable photocurrent levels are demonstrated with only a single graphene/GaN heterojunction via the photocurrent polarity control, which is employed for a secure capability in conventional optical communication by setting visible and UV light as secret and key information, respectively. The technique provides a new strategy to design photodetectors for information encryption technology.
Interface Engineering Boosting High Power Density and Conversion Efficiency in Mg2Sn0.75Ge0.25‐Based Thermoelectric Devices
Authors: Wu Xinzhi , Lin Yangjian , Liu Chengyan , Han Zhijia , Li Huan , Wang Yupeng , Jiang Feng , Zhu Kang , Ge Binghui , Liu Weishu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractElectrode contact interfaces for practical thermoelectric (TE) devices require high bonding strength, low specific contact resistivity, and superb stability. Herein, the state‐of‐the‐art Cu2MgFe/Mg2Sn0.75Ge0.25interface is designed for Mg2Sn0.75Ge0.25‐based TE devices, adhering to the general strategy of high bonding propensity, thermal expansion matching, diffusion passivation, and dopant inactivation. The interfacial stability is verified by the in situ transmission electron microscopy analysis, thereby confirming the contributions from decreasing the chemical potential gradient and increasing the diffusion activation energy barrier. The single‐leg device exhibits a high power density (ωmax) of 2.6 W cm−2and conversion efficiency (ηmax) of 8% under a temperature difference (ΔT) of 370 °C, which is the record‐breaking value in comparison to other Mg2(Si, Ge, Sn)‐based TE devices. Additionally, a two‐couple device withp‐type Bi2Te3shows an excellentωmaxof 1.3 W cm−2andηmaxof 5.4% under a ΔTof 270 °C, comparable to commercial Bi2Te3devices. The proposed interface design strategy provides a general technique for constructing high‐performance devices using cutting‐edge TE materials.
Host resistance by sowing date interaction reduced Fusarium wilt pressure and improved grain yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in North Shoa, Ethiopia
Authors: Ali Bereket , Terefe Habtamu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractChickpea Fusarium wilt is seriously damaging chickpea productivity. To determine the integrated effects of three sowing dates and four chickpea varieties on epidemics of Chickpea Fusarium wilt and grain yield, field experiments were conducted in naturally infested soils at Alem Ketema and Enewari, Ethiopia, during 2018. Treatments were factorial arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that variety Mastewal recorded relatively low mean Fusarium wilt incidence at Alem Ketema (15.344%) and Enewari (38.19%) compared with the other test varieties. Variety Mastewal also produced high grain yield over others at Alem Ketema (1155.14 kg ha−1) and Enewari (1120.91 kg ha−1). Related trends were observed for infection rate, area under disease progress curve (AUDPC), and yield components at both locations. Late August sowing resulted in higher stand count at harvest (132.08 and 102.08), number of pods (50.28 and 40.62), grain yield (1030.86 and 1122.08 kg ha−1), and lower AUDPC value (321.30%‐days and 540.34%‐days) than early August sowing in that order at Alem Ketema and Enewari. Interaction of variety Mastewal by late August sowing gave relatively high grain yield (1341.36 and 1331.85 kg ha−1), and it had low AUDPC (196.58%‐days and 483.36%‐days) at Alem Ketema and Enewari, respectively. Conversely, early planting caused up to 25.32% (Alem Ketema) and 193.67% (Enewari) yield reductions in chickpea varieties over late planting. Therefore, delaying sowing date and growing variety Mastewal found to maximize chickpea yield and minimize effect and progression of Fusarium wilt, and hence, recommended for the study areas.
Patterns of alcohol use among middle school students in rural communities: Associations with community violence exposure
Authors: Dunn Courtney B. , Farrell Albert D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractStress‐coping theory posits that exposure to stressors, such as community violence, increases risk for early alcohol initiation. The current study identified patterns of alcohol use in an ethnically diverse sample of early adolescents in rural communities, and examined relations between different forms of exposure to community violence and severity of adolescents' alcohol use patterns. Participants were 5011 middle school students (46.4% non‐Hispanic White, 25.5% Latinx, and 13.4% Black; 50% female) living in rural communities in the southeastern United States. Latent class analysis identified subgroups that differed in their patterns of lifetime and past 30‐day alcohol use, and subgroup differences in exposure to community violence. Five subgroups were identified: abstainers (56.5%), initiators of wine and beer (12.5%); moderately frequent wine and beer users (10.3%); moderately frequent wine, beer, and liquor users who got drunk (12.0%); and highly frequent wine, beer, and liquor users who got drunk (8.6%). Subgroups differed across sex, grade, and racial‐ethnic background. Subgroups characterized by severe alcohol use reported more frequent exposure to community violence and physical victimization, while controlling for nonviolent stressors. Consistent with stress‐coping theory, the results indicate that experiencing physical victimization and witnessing community violence robustly relate to adolescents' high‐risk alcohol use.
Association between muscle strength and executive function in Tibetan adolescents at high altitude in China: Results from a cross‐sectional study at 16–18 years of age
Authors: Xia Xiangwei , Li Yonghui , Chen Sitong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years, adolescents have shown a trend of decreasing muscle strength, especially in the upper limbs, and it affects the development of executive functions. However, few studies have been conducted on Tibetan adolescents in high‐altitude regions of China. To this end, this study investigated upper limb muscle strength and executive function in Tibetan adolescents in Tibetan regions of China and analyzed the association between them.MethodsA three‐stage stratified whole‐group sampling method was used to test and investigate grip strength, executive function, and basic information in 1093 Tibetan adolescents from Tibet, a high‐altitude region of China. A chi‐square test and one‐way ANOVA were used to compare the basic status and executive function of Tibetan adolescents with different muscle strength. Multiple linear regression analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the correlations that existed between muscle strength and each sub‐function of executive function.ResultsThe differences between the inconsistently and congruent reaction times of Tibetan adolescents with different grip strength levels (<P25, P25‐75, >P75) at high altitude in China were statistically significant (F‐values of 32.596 and 31.580, respectively; P‐values <.001). The differences between the 1‐back and 2‐back response times for the refresh memory function were also statistically significant (F‐values of 9.055 and 6.610, respectively; P‐values <.01). Linear regression analysis showed that after adjusting for the relevant covariates, the 1‐back reaction time of Tibetan adolescents in the grip strength < P25 group increased by 91.72 ms (P < .01); the 2‐back reaction time of Tibetan adolescents in the grip strength < P25 group increased by 105.25 ms (P < 0.01), using grip strength > P75 as the reference group. Logistic regression analysis showed that, after adjusting for relevant covariates, Tibetan adolescents in the grip strength < P25 group had a higher risk of developing 2‐back dysfunction (OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.24,2.88), using grip strength >P75 as the reference group (P < .01). The risk of cognitive flexibility dysfunction (OR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.16, 2.98) was also increased (P < .05).ConclusionThere was a significant correlation between grip strength and executive function of refresh memory function and cognitive flexibility in Tibetan adolescents in high altitude areas of China. Those with higher upper limb muscle strength had shorter reaction time, that is, better executive function. In the future, we should focus on improving the upper limb muscle strength of Tibetan adolescents at high altitude in China to better promote the development of executive function.
Physical activity, biomarkers of brain pathologies and dementia risk: Results from the Memento clinical cohort
Authors: Grasset Leslie , Planche Vincent , Bouteloup Vincent , Azouani Chabha , Dubois Bruno , Blanc Frédéric , Paquet Claire , David Renaud , Belin Catherine , Jonveaux Thérèse , Julian Adrien , Pariente Jérémie , Mangin Jean‐François , Chêne Geneviève , Dufouil Carole ,   the Memento Cohort Study Group
Published: July 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThis study aims to examine whether physical activity moderates the association between biomarkers of brain pathologies and dementia risk.METHODSFrom the Memento cohort, we analyzed 1044 patients with mild cognitive impairment, aged 60 and older. Self‐reported physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Biomarkers of brain pathologies comprised medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA), white matter lesions, and plasma amyloid beta (Aβ)42/40 and phosphorylated tau181. Association between physical activity and risk of developing dementia over 5 years of follow‐up, and interactions with biomarkers of brain pathologies were tested.RESULTSPhysical activity moderated the association between MTA and plasma Aβ42/40 level and increased dementia risk. Compared to participants with low physical activity, associations of both MTA and plasma Aβ42/40 on dementia risk were attenuated in participants with high physical activity.DISCUSSIONAlthough reverse causality cannot be excluded, this work suggests that physical activity may contribute to cognitive reserve.Highlights
Physical activity is an interesting modifiable target for dementia prevention.
Physical activity may moderate the impact of brain pathology on dementia risk.
Medial temporal lobe atrophy and plasma amyloid beta 42/40 ratio were associated with increased dementia risk especially in those with low level of physical activity.
Extension of Non‐alternant Nanographenes Containing Nitrogen‐Doped Stone‐Thrower‐Wales Defects
Authors: Wang Chang , Deng Ziqi , Phillips David Lee , Liu Junzhi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNon‐alternant topologies have attracted considerable attention due to their unique physiochemical characteristics in recent years. Here, three novel topological nanographenes molecular models of nitrogen‐doped Stone–Thrower–Wales (S–T–W) defects were achieved through intramolecular direct arylation. Their chemical structures were unambiguously elucidated by single‐crystal analysis. Among them, threefold intramolecular direct arylation compound (C42H21N) is the largest nanographene bearing a N‐doped non‐alternant topology to date, in which the non‐benzenoid rings account for 83 % of the total molecular skeleton. The absorption maxima of this compound was located in the near‐infrared region with a long tail up to 900 nm, which was much longer than those reported for similarly sized N‐doped nanographene with six‐membered rings (C40H15N). In addition, the electronic energy gaps of these series compounds clearly decreased with the introduction of non‐alternant topologies (from 2.27 eV to 1.50 eV). It is noteworthy that C42H21N possesses such a low energy gap (Egopt=1.40 eV; Egcv=1.50 eV), yet is highly stable under ambient conditions. Our work reported herein demonstrates that the non‐alternant topology could significantly influence the electronic configurations of nanocarbons, where the introduction of a non‐alternanting topology may be an effective way to narrow the energy gap without extending the molecular π‐conjugation.
Proton‐Coupled Electron Transfer Aided Thermoelectric Energy Conversion and Storage
Authors: Wang Yang , Dai Yongqiang , Li Longbin , Yu Lin , Zeng Wei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLow‐grade heat is ubiquitous in the environment and its thermoelectric conversion by the ionic conductors remains a challenge because of the low efficiency and poor sustainability. Here we demonstrate that the thermoelectric performances can be boosted by combining the Soret effect of protons and proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) reaction of benzoquinone and hydroquinone in hydrogels. An overall enhancement of thermopower (25.9 mV K−1), power factor (5 mW m−1 K−2), figure of merit (>2.4) and continuity of power output is achieved. Moreover, an energy‐storage function can be achieved by the redox couple, and a retained power output of 27.7 %, or 14 mW m−2 for more than 3 hours is obtained by the re‐balance of PCET reactants in the hydrogel after the removal of the temperature gradient.
Oligomers. Relations between their computed free energies
Authors: Audran Gérard , Joly Jean‐Patrick , Marque Sylvain R. A. , Siri Didier , Santelli Maurice 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFree energies G(X)n of 12 1,ω‐dihydrooligomers (X)n (n, number of the monomeric units) have been determined by quantum calculations. We note that these values are correlated by (a) an excellent linear relationship: G(X)n = An – 761.86 ± 10 (kcal mol–1) (TPSS‐TPSS/6.311 + + G(dp)); (b) for two oligomers (X)n and (Y)n, the difference of weighted free energies—G(X)n/n – G(Y)n/n—is a constant irrespective of n which results from the difference of free energies of the substituent. Consequently, from the Gn values of 1,ω‐dihydrooligoethenes (in fact n‐alkanes), a determination of the free energies of a 1,ω‐dihydrooligomers (X)n is obtained with a good accuracy by the calculation of the G value of its substituent; (c) the corresponding increments G(X)n/n – G(X)(n–1)/(n–1) are equaled and led to a single power law: [Gn/n – G(n–1)/(n–1) = 1282/n2.156 (kcal mol–1), R = 0.9992] or a linear relationship: [Gn/n – G(n–1)/(n–1) = 756.73/n(n–1) + 0.0211 (kcal mol–1), R = 1]. Syndiotactic and isotactic 1,ω‐dihydrooligomers (X) are illustrated in the Electronic Supporting Information.
What would Freud have made of it? Notes on a “normal pathological organization” within contemporary psychoanalysis
Authors: Kemp Martin , Pinto Eliana 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPsychoanalytic discourse in relation to the situation in historic Palestine is subject to both ideologically‐based and anxiety‐driven inhibitions and restrictions that conflict with the discipline’s claim to be able to “stay with” difficult issues, to “think the unthinkable”. This situation is understood as a social pathology, and its impacts are explored through a literature review (explaining the paper’s length). It considers works that directly seek to protect Zionism from its critics, and texts whose purpose is to demonstrate the relevance of psychoanalytic concepts to the study of social injustice. The qualities of this contemporary discourse are considered alongside Freud’s comments on the conditions for freedom of thought within psychoanalysis, and the example he provided in his comments on politics and society. Rather than a psychoanalytic contribution to understanding an issue of public concern, the paper attempts to describe aspects of psychoanalytic culture itself. It aims to facilitate deeper reflection amongst clinicians, on both an individual and collective level, regarding their contemporary engagement with coloniality and the social responsibilities of the psychoanalytic community.
Functional anatomy of shoulder muscles in the Pacific white‐sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens)
Authors: Sekiya Shin‐ichi , Nishimaniwa Keiko , Tajima Yuko , Yamada Tadasu K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMost intrinsic muscles of the forelimb in dolphins are either degenerated or lost; however, the muscles around the shoulder joint are well preserved. We dissected the forelimbs of Pacific white‐sided dolphins and constructed a full‐scale model of the flipper to compare and examine their movements following dissection. The humerus was oriented at approximately 45° ventrally from the horizontal plane of the dolphin and 45° caudally from the frontal plane. This maintains the neutral position of the flipper. The deltoideus and pectoralis major muscles were inserted into the body of the humerus, and the flipper was moved in the dorsal and ventral directions, respectively. A large tubercle, known as the common tubercle, was observed at the medial end of the humerus. Four muscles were inserted into the common tubercle: the brachiocephalicus, supraspinatus, and cranial part of the subscapularis, which laterally rotated the common tubercle. Subsequently, the flipper swung forward, and its radial edge was lifted. Conversely, the medial rotation of the common tubercle caused by the coracobrachialis and the caudal part of the subscapularis was accompanied by backward swinging of the flipper and lowering of the radial edge. These findings suggest the function of the flipper as a stabilizer or rudder is caused by the rotation of the humerus's common tubercle.
Ruthenium polypyridine complexes containing prenyl groups as antibacterial agents against Staphylococcus aureus through a membrane‐disruption mechanism
Authors: Wang Runbin , Zhou Xiaomin , Chen Jingjing , Chen Yushou , Xiong Yanshi , Duan Xuemin , Liao Xiangwen , Wang Jintao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFour new ruthenium polypyridyl complexes with prenyl groups, [Ru(bpy)2(MHIP)](PF6)2 (Ru(II)‐1), [Ru(dtb)2(MHIP)](PF6)2 (Ru(II)‐2), [Ru(dmb)2(MHIP)](PF6)2 (Ru(II)‐3), and [Ru(dmob)2(MHIP)](PF6)2 (Ru(II)‐4) (bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine, dtb = 4,4′‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine, dmb = 4,4′‐dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine, dmob = 4,4′‐dimethoxy‐2,2′‐bipyridine, and MHIP = 2‐(2,6‐dimethylhepta‐1,5‐dien‐1‐yl)−1H‐imidazo[4,f][1,10]phenanthroline), were synthesized and characterized. Their antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus were assessed, and the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) value of Ru(II)‐2 against S. aureus was only 0.5 µg/mL, showing the best antibacterial activity among them. S. aureus could be quickly killed by Ru(II)‐2 in 30 min and Ru(II)‐2 displayed an obvious inhibitive effect on the formation of a biofilm, which was essential to avoid the development of drug‐resistance. Meanwhile, Ru(II)‐2 exhibited a stable MIC value against antibiotic‐resistant bacteria. The antibacterial mechanism of Ru(II)‐2 was probably related to depolarization of the cell membrane, and a change of permeability was associated with the formation of reactive oxygen species, leading to leakage of nucleic acid and bacterial death. Furthermore, Ru(II)‐2 hardly showed toxicity to mammalian cells and the Galleria mellonella worm. Finally, murine infection studies also illustrated that Ru(II)‐2 was highly effective against S. aureus in vivo.
Ancient roots: A Cambrian explosion of autism susceptibility genes
Authors: Casanova Emily L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFunctional gene groups often share unique evolutionary patterns. The present study addresses whether autism susceptibility genes, which frequently share functional overlap, display unusual gene age and conservation patterns compared to other gene groups. Using phylostratigraphically‐derived and other genetic data, the investigator explores average gene age, Ohnolog status, evolutionary rate, variation intolerance, and numbers of protein–protein (PPI) interactions across autism susceptibility, nervous system, developmental regulatory, immune, housekeeping, and luxury gene groups. Autism susceptibility genes are unusually old compared to controls, many genes having radiated in the Cambrian period in early vertebrates from whole genome duplication events. They are also tightly conserved across the animal kingdom, are highly variation intolerant, and have more PPI than other genes—all features suggesting extreme dosage sensitivity. The results of the current study indicate that autism susceptibility genes display unique radiation and conservation patterns, which may be a reflection of the major transitions in nervous system evolution that were occurring in early animals and which are still foundational in brain development today.
Zehn Werte – Wie das Bauen zukunftsfähig werden kann
Authors: Curbach Manfred , Scheerer Silke 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDas Bauen von heute ist für einen enormen Teil des Ressourcen‐ und Energieverbrauchs, der CO2‐Emissionen und des Abfallaufkommens weltweit verantwortlich. Deshalb benötigen wir einen umfassenden und schnellen Wandel im Selbstverständnis des Bauens, was die Nutzung und Pflege unserer gebauten Umwelt einschließt. Um diesem Bestreben einen Rahmen zu geben, wurden von einer interdisziplinären Gruppe von Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftlern in einem Antrag für ein Großforschungszentrum zehn Werte für das Bauen von morgen formuliert, die im vorliegenden Beitrag vorgestellt werden.