bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms to change farmers' drought adaptation behaviors in Sistan and Baluchistan Province, Iran
Authors: Khoshnodifar Zahra , Karimi Hamid , Ataei Pouria 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionFrequent droughts in Iran have imposed economic and social losses on farmers. To mitigate drought implications, farmers' behaviors should be shifted towards drought adaptation. This research mainly aimed to study mechanisms for changing farmers' drought adaptation behaviors in Sistan and Baluchistan Province.MethodsThe research was conducted among farmers in this province (N = 950). The sample whose size was estimated at 275 farmers by Krejcie and Morgan's table was taken by the stratified random sampling technique. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS23 and AMOS23 software. The comprehensive action determination model was validated by confirmatory factor analysis. Furthermore, structural equation modeling was used to explore the components influencing farmers' drought adaptation behaviors.Results and discussionAccording to the results, personal norms, attitudes, objective barriers, and subjective barriers had positive and significant effects on the farmers' intention to apply drought adaptation strategies. As well, the farmers' adaptation behaviors were influenced by their behavioral intentions, objective barriers, and subjective barriers. It can be concluded that changing the mechanism of farmers' behaviors toward drought adaptation is shaped by the processes included in the comprehensive action determination model in which norms, habits, situational influences, and intentional processes are involved.
Retrospective comparison of side effects and outcomes of three-dimensional conformal vs. intensity-modulated radiation therapy in the palliative-intent treatment (4 Gy × 5 daily fractions) of canine intranasal tumors (2010–2017)
Authors: Fu Dah-Renn , Weng Hsin-Yi , Mendez Valenzuela Carlos Roberto , Vanhaezebrouck Isabelle F. , Plantenga Jeannie M. 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveTo compare the occurrence of radiation side effects and treatment outcomes in dogs with intranasal tumors treated with a total dose of 20 Gy delivered in 5 daily 4 Gy fractions using computer-based 3D conformal (3DCRT) or intensity-modulated (IMRT) radiation therapy plans.DesignRetrospective case series.Materials and methodsMedical records for dogs with intranasal tumors treated with 4 Gy × 5 fractions between 2010 and 2017 were reviewed. Radiation side effects, time to local progression (TTLP), progression-free survival (PFS) and survival time (OS) were evaluated.ResultsThirty-six dogs (24 carcinomas, 10 sarcomas and 2 others) met the inclusion criteria. Sixteen were treated with 3DCRT and 20 with IMRT. Clinical signs improvement or resolution were reported in 84% of dogs. The median time to clinical signs improvement was 12 days (1–88 days) after the end of treatment. Eight dogs treated with 3DCRT (8/16, 50%) and 5 with IMRT (5/20, 25%) were documented acute radiation side effects. Almost all were classified as grade 1 skin, oral or ocular acute side effects. Only one dog in 3DCRT group was demonstrated grade 2 skin acute effects. The median TTLP for dogs treated with 3DCRT or IMRT was 238 days and 179 days, respectively (p= 0.967). The median PFS for 3DCRT or IMRT was 228 days and 175 days, respectively (p= 0.940). The median OS for 3DCRT or IMRT was 295 days and 312 days, respectively (p= 0.787). No significantly differences were observed in side effects, TTLP, PFS and OS between 3DCRT and IMRT groups.ConclusionsPalliative-intent conformal radiation therapy given in five daily 4 Gy fractions relieved clinical signs with minimal radiation side effects, with no statistical difference in occurrence between 3DCRT and IMRT dogs.
An experimental study for sustaining the architectural heritage value of traditional houses of Bursa
Authors: Öztürk Rengin Beceren , Çahantimur Arzu , Özgünler Seden Acun 
Published: March 2023

Bursa, the first capital of the Ottoman Empire, is one of the rare historical cities that has survived to the present day without losing its importance. As well as monumental structures such as mosques and Sultan complexes, traditional Bursa houses are also components of architectural heritage that reflect the identity of the city. The traditional building materials of these houses are wood, stone, brick and earth. Today, these materials are known as ecological building materials and their use is very important to ensure sustainability. Especially the application of traditional building techniques based on the use of these materials in restoration works is of great importance in terms of ensuring sustainability not only from an ecological point of view, but also from economic and cultural points of view. In this context, earthen building material consisting of natural raw materials and created by human hands are seen as ecological and renewable building materials. In different parts of the world, many civilizations have used earthen building materials with different usage techniques in the past. This material has not lost its importance to this day. In this study, the earthen building materials used in traditional Bursa houses are examined and their role in sustainable architecture is pointed out. For this purpose, a case study was conducted on traditional Bursa houses in three different historic neighborhoods; Hisar, Tuzpazari and Reyhan regions. Representative earthen building materials were taken from 22 traditional houses and listed with their qualities for experimental studies. Characterization tests were carried out on the samples taken from these houses. The results of the experiments have been used to develop some recommendations for the successful implementation of restorations that will help to carry out sustainable heritage conservation work in Bursa.
THE IMPORTANT ROLE OF ADOPTING THE USE OF TECHNOLOGY IN UNIVERSITIES AFTER COVID-19: APPLICATION OF THE TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL
Authors: Hanum Fauziah , Rambe Bhakti Helvi , Harahap Nova Jayanti , Prayoga Yudi , Pohan Muhammad Yasir Arafat 
Published: March 2023

Pada Maret 2020, seperti halnya perguruan tinggi di seluruh dunia, perguruan tinggi di Indonesia kewalahan menghadapi dampak masif dari pandemi COVID-19 yang berdampak pada sektor vital (misalnya, sektor pendidikan dan ekonomi). Akibatnya, perguruan tinggi di Indonesia memilih untuk mengadopsi sistem pembelajaran online untuk melanjutkan proses pendidikan. Yang menjadi masalah adalah penerapan sistem pembelajaran online terjadi secara tiba-tiba. Akibatnya mendapat reaksi beragam baik dari dosen maupun mahasiswa. Beberapa mahasiswa tidak yakin akan manfaatnya atau tidak memenuhi syarat untuk mengatasi penerapan sistem pembelajaran online. Oleh karena itu, proses pembelajaran mengalami hambatan seperti hambatan dalam kemampuan mereka untuk menggunakan dan mengadopsi sistem pembelajaran online. Penelitian ini mengkaji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penggunaan sistem pembelajaran online oleh mahasiswa di Indonesia Penerapan teknologi yang sukses akan memberikan peluang bagi universitas contohnya bisa mengadakan kelas campuran daring dan luring, system penyampaian materi melalui media social sehingga mahasiswa dapat belajar sebelum masuk ke ruang kelas dan sebagainya. Metode analisis yang digunakan disesuaikan berdasarkan tujuan penelitian yang ada, penelitian ini dilakukan berdasarkan paradigma positivistik yang mengutamakan kausalitas antar variabel (Neuman, 2014). Penelitian ini dirancang sebagai penelitian eksplanatori yang dapat menjelaskan buntuk menguji suatu teori untuk memperkuat atau menolak hipotesis penelitian. Dengan demikian, explanatory sangat tepat untuk penelitian ini sesuai tujuan penelitian, data dalam penelitian ini merupakan data primer yang dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner online melalui aplikasi Google form. Untuk menguji kerangka konseptual dan hipotesis yang dikembangkan, peneliti menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) dengan menggunakan pendekatan Partial Least Square (PLS) untuk menguji hubungan antar variabel. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat berkontribusi bagi literatur ilmiah di bidang pendidikan terutama literatur terkait adopsi penggunaan teknologi di negara berkembang. Secara praktis penelitian ini memberikan masukan kepada universitas tentang factor-faktor dominan yang dapat mempengaruhi kesuksesan adopsi teknologi dalam system pembelajaran.
Delayed speech in children of working and non-working mothers in Lahore, Pakistan: Prevalence and associated factors
Authors: Zaib Robina , Yaqoob Muhammad , Iftikhar Nayab , Qureshi Ejaz Mahmood Ahmed , Rehman Atia Aur 
Published: March 2023

Background: Before going to school 2-3% of children have language problems and 3-6% have speech delays. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of delayed speech in children of working and non-working mothers and to determine if speech and language development in children are affected by the working status of the mothers.
Subjects and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Mayo Hospital, Services Hospital, Sheikh Zaid Hospital, Lahore College for Women University, and the University of Lahore, Pakistan. A total of 288 mothers were recruited. Among them, 144 were working women (aged 25-40, working hours 6-8 for at least 5 days a week), including all professionals, teachers, doctors, and job holders. The other group included 144 non-working women (aged 25-40 years) having both male and female children from 2 to 5 years of age (with normal developmental milestones mean age of 3.5 years). Data were analyzed using SPSS.
Results: The results showed that 44 (30.6%) children of working women and 40 (27.8%) children of non-working women had delayed speech. The overall prevalence of delayed speech in children was 29.1%. No significant relationship was found between the working status of mothers with speech delay. The socioeconomic parameter (Kuppuswami scale) of the study revealed that 29% of delayed speech children (late talkers) belonged to the upper class, while 65.5% belonged to the middle class. Of delayed speech children 41.7% lived in a nuclear family and 58.3% in a joint family system. A significant relationship between delayed speech was seen with gender, birth order, social class, and the schooling status of the child.
Conclusions: Delayed speech is significantly related to gender, birth order, and schooling status. The working status of mothers plays no significant role in the language and speech development of children in the current study.
«ПАВЛИСЬКА СЕРЕДНЯ ШКОЛА» В. СУХОМЛИНСЬКОГО: СУЧАСНИЙ ПОГЛЯД ПЕДАГОГІВ АВСТРАЛІЇ
Authors: Sukhomlynska Lesia 
Published: March 2023

У статті проаналізовано публікацію австралійського вченого Алана Кокеріла, дослідника й популяризатора педагогічного доробку Василя Сухомлинського, співробітника Університету Монаша (Австралія) під назвою «Педагогічний спадок В.О. Сухомлинського», що вийшла в журналі «Independence». Вона присвячена аналізу твору В. Сухомлинського «Павлиська середня школа», яку автор публікації переклав англійською мовою. Австралійський вчений розкриває своє розуміння підходів В. Сухомлинського до холістичної освіти та виховання, яке розвинув український педагог. Статтю супроводжує рецензія на переклад А. Кокеріла «Наша школа в Павлиші. Холістичний підхід до освіти» доктора Теренса Ловата, почесного професора Університету Ньюкасла (Австралія). У своїй рецензії професор простежує спадковість ідей Василя Сухомлинського щодо холістичної освіти від Піфагора та Аль-Газалі до сучасних підходів в освіті, насамперед наголошуючи на актуальності та перспективності ідей українського педагога.
Evidence of target enhancement and distractor suppression in early visual areas
Authors: Föcker Julia , Beer Anton L. , Bavelier Daphne 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough the mechanisms of target enhancement and distractor suppression have been investigated along the visual processing hierarchy, there remains some unknown as to the role of perceptual load on the competition between different task-related information as attention deployment is manipulated. We present an fMRI spatial cueing paradigm, in which 32 participants had to attend to either a left or a right hemifield location and to indicate the orientation of the target Gabor that was presented simultaneously to a noise patch distractor. Critically, the target could appear at either the cued, valid location or at the uncued, invalid location; in the latter, the noise patch distractor appeared at the cued location. Perceptual load was manipulated by the presence or absence of high-contrast Gabor patches close to the fixation cross, which acted as lateral masks. Behavioural results indicated that participants performed more efficiently in validly cued trials compared to invalidly cued trials and under low compared to high load. Enhancement effects for targets and suppression effects for noise patches were greater in early visual areas at high load, that is in the presence of lateral masks. These results are in line with the hypothesis that attention results in both target enhancement and distractor suppression, and that these effects are most marked under high perceptual load. Theoretical implications of these results for different models of attention are discussed.
Performance-contingent reward increases the use of congruent distracting information
Authors: Fröber Kerstin , Lerche Veronika 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn conflict tasks like the Simon task, participants are instructed to respond to a task-relevant target dimension while ignoring additional distracting information. In the Simon task the distracting spatial information can be congruent or incongruent with the task-relevant target information, causing a congruency effect. As seen in the proportion congruency effect and the congruency sequence effect, this congruency effect is larger in mostly congruent blocks and following congruent trials, respectively. Common theories suggest that when the proportion of incongruent trials is high or after an incongruent trial, focus on the task-relevant target information is increased and distracting information is inhibited. In two experiments, we investigated how reward modulates these phenomena. Specifically, performance-contingent reward – but not non-contingent reward – increased the usage of the distracting information in mostly congruent blocks or following congruent trials, while the adaptation to incongruency (i.e., mostly incongruent blocks or preceding incongruent trials) was the same in all conditions. Additional diffusion model analyses found that this effect of performance-contingent reward was captured by the drift rate parameter. These results suggest an increased focus on the target information by incongruent trials independent from reward, while the adaptation to (mostly) congruent trials characterized by increased usage of distracting information can be motivationally boosted. That is, performance-contingent reward increases the use of congruent distracting information beyond a mere relaxation of the increased target-focus following (mostly) congruent trials.
Evidence or Confidence: What Is Really Monitored during a Decision?
Authors: Lee Douglas G. , Daunizeau Jean , Pezzulo Giovanni 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAssessing our confidence in the choices we make is important to making adaptive decisions, and it is thus no surprise that we excel in this ability. However, standard models of decision-making, such as the drift-diffusion model (DDM), treat confidence assessment as a post hoc or parallel process that does not directly influence the choice, which depends only on accumulated evidence. Here, we pursue the alternative hypothesis that what is monitored during a decision is an evolving sense of confidence (that the to-be-selected option is the best) rather than raw evidence. Monitoring confidence has the appealing consequence that the decision threshold corresponds to a desired level of confidence for the choice, and that confidence improvements can be traded off against the resources required to secure them. We show that most previous findings on perceptual and value-based decisions traditionally interpreted from an evidence-accumulation perspective can be explained more parsimoniously from our novel confidence-driven perspective. Furthermore, we show that our novel confidence-driven DDM (cDDM) naturally generalizes to decisions involving any number of alternative options – which is notoriously not the case with traditional DDM or related models. Finally, we discuss future empirical evidence that could be useful in adjudicating between these alternatives.
DESAFIO DAS CLASSES MULTISSERIADAS NAS ESCOLAS DO CAMPO NO MUNICIPIO DE REMANSO-BAHIA
Authors: Alves da Silva Alexsandro 
Published: March 2023

RESUMO
Considerando as classes multisseriadas uma proposta pedagógica viável na Educação no Campo. A presente pesquisa oportuniza o fomento da discussão da diversidade de experiências, saberes e idades em uma sala de aula, que diante de um contexto local no campo marcado pelo baixo número de matrículas, comunidades com difícil acesso e até mesmo poucas salas de aulas possibilita agrupar alunos com séries e idades diferentes em uma mesma sala de aula. Haja vista que, as classes multisseriadas funcionam de maneira caótica no campo, onde falta infraestrutura, apoio pedagógico, salas de aulas lotadas por conta do fechamento de escolas e com isso alunos se deslocam para escolas polos, organizadas em núcleos, entre outros desafios que devem ser superados. Para o feito, utilizou-se como metodologia a pesquisa de campo e bibliográfica, identificando o engajamento político e pedagógico dos profissionais e sujeitos especificamente no município de Remanso-BA. Para tanto torna se imprescindível a valorização da multissérie como uma prática pedagógica na Educação no Campo que visa a permanência dos alunos no local em que moram, a partir de uma educação contextualizada de convivência com a região. Salienta a importância de apoio pedagógico para professores que atuam nessa área, material didático contextualizado e estrutura física, acreditando na possibilidade de uma educação do campo com qualidade.

Palavras-chave: Educação no campo. Contexto. Multisseriada.
Characterization of a Set of Small Planets with TESS and CHEOPS and an Analysis of Photometric Performance
Authors: Oddo Dominic , Dragomir Diana , Brandeker Alexis , Osborn Hugh P. , Collins Karen , Stassun Keivan G. , Astudillo-Defru Nicola , Bieryla Allyson , Howell Steve B. , Ciardi David R. , Quinn Samuel , Almenara Jose M. , Briceño César , Collins Kevin I. , Colón Knicole D. , Conti Dennis M. , Crouzet Nicolas , Furlan Elise , Gan Tianjun , Gnilka Crystal L. , Goeke Robert F. , Gonzales Erica , Harris Mallory , Jenkins Jon M. , Jensen Eric L. N. , Latham David , Law Nicholas , Lund Michael B. , Mann Andrew W. , Massey Bob , Murgas Felipe , Ricker George , Relles Howard M. , Rowden Pamela , Schwarz Richard P. , Schlieder Joshua , Shporer Avi , Seager Sara , Srdoc Gregor , Torres Guillermo , Twicken Joseph D. , Vanderspek Roland , Winn Joshua N. , Ziegler Carl 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The radius valley carries implications for how the atmospheres of small planets form and evolve, but this feature is visible only with highly precise characterizations of many small planets. We present the characterization of nine planets and one planet candidate with both NASA TESS and ESA CHEOPS observations, which adds to the overall population of planets bordering the radius valley. While five of our planets—TOI 118 b, TOI 262 b, TOI 455 b, TOI 560 b, and TOI 562 b—have already been published, we vet and validate transit signals as planetary using follow-up observations for four new TESS planets, including TOI 198 b, TOI 244 b, TOI 444 b, and TOI 470 b. While a three times increase in primary mirror size should mean that one CHEOPS transit yields an equivalent model uncertainty in transit depth as about nine TESS transits in the case that the star is equally as bright in both bands, we find that our CHEOPS transits typically yield uncertainties equivalent to between two and 12 TESS transits, averaging 5.9 equivalent transits. Therefore, we find that while our fits to CHEOPS transits provide overall lower uncertainties on transit depth and better precision relative to fits to TESS transits, our uncertainties for these fits do not always match expected predictions given photon-limited noise. We find no correlations between number of equivalent transits and any physical parameters, indicating that this behavior is not strictly systematic, but rather might be due to other factors such as in-transit gaps during CHEOPS visits or nonhomogeneous detrending of CHEOPS light curves.
Absolute Properties of the Oscillating Eclipsing Algol X Trianguli
Authors: Lee Jae Woo , Hong Kyeongsoo , Park Jang-Ho , Wolf Marek , Kim Dong-Jin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We report results from the TESS photometric data and new high-resolution spectra of the Algol system X Tri showing short-period pulsations. From the echelle spectra, the radial velocities of the eclipsing pair were measured, and the rotational rate and effective temperature of the primary star were obtained to be v
1sini = 84 ± 6 km s−1 and T
eff,1 = 7900 ± 110 K, respectively. The synthetic modeling of these observations implies that X Tri is in synchronous rotation and is physically linked to a visual companion TIC 28391715 at a separation of about 6.″5. The absolute parameters of our target star were accurately and directly determined to be M
1 = 2.137 ± 0.018 M
⊙, M
2 = 1.101 ± 0.010 M
⊙, R
1 = 1.664 ± 0.010 R
⊙, R
2 = 1.972 ± 0.010 R
⊙, L
1 = 9.67 ± 0.55 L
⊙, and L
2 = 2.16 ± 0.09 L
⊙. The phase-binned mean light curve was used to remove the binary effect from the observed TESS data. Multifrequency analysis of the residuals revealed 16 significant frequencies, of which the high-frequency signals between 37 day−1 and 48 day−1 can be considered probable pulsation modes. Their oscillation periods of 0.021−0.027 days and pulsation constants of 0.014−0.018 days are typical values of δ Sct variables. The overall results demonstrate that X Tri is an oEA star system consisting of a δ Sct primary and its lobe-filling companion in the semidetached configuration.
Planetesimal Formation by the Gravitational Instability of Dust Ring Structures
Authors: Takahashi Sanemichi Z. , Kokubo Eiichiro , Inutsuka Shu-ichiro 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We investigate the gravitational instability (GI) of dust ring structures and the formation of planetesimals by their gravitational collapse. The normalized dispersion relation of a self-gravitating ring structure includes two parameters that are related to its width and line mass (the mass per unit length). We survey these parameters and calculate the growth rate and wavenumber. Additionally, we investigate the formation of planetesimals by growth of the GI of the ring that is formed by the growth of the secular GI of the protoplanetary disk. We adopt a massive, dust-rich disk as a disk model. We find the range of radii for fragmentation by the ring GI as a function of the width of the ring. The innermost radius for the ring GI is smaller for a smaller ring width. We also determine the range of the initial planetesimal mass resulting from the fragmentation of the ring GI. Our results indicate that the planetesimal mass can be as large as 1028 g at its birth after the fragmentation. It can be as low as about 1025 g if the ring width is 0.1% of the ring radius, and the lower limit increases with the ring width. Furthermore, we obtain approximate formulae for the upper and lower limits of the planetesimal mass. We predict that the planetesimals formed by the ring GI have prograde rotations because of the Coriolis force acting on the contracting dust. This is consistent with the fact that many trans-Neptunian binaries exhibit prograde rotation.