bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using machine learning methods and EEG to discriminate aircraft pilot cognitive workload during flight
Authors: Taheri Gorji Hamed , Wilson Nicholas , VanBree Jessica , Hoffmann Bradley , Petros Thomas , Tavakolian Kouhyar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPilots of aircraft face varying degrees of cognitive workload even during normal flight operations. Periods of low cognitive workload may be followed by periods of high cognitive workload and vice versa. During such changing demands, there exists potential for increased error on behalf of the pilots due to periods of boredom or excessive cognitive task demand. To further understand cognitive workload in aviation, the present study involved collection of electroencephalogram (EEG) data from ten (10) collegiate aviation students in a live-flight environment in a single-engine aircraft. Each pilot possessed a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) commercial pilot certificate and either FAA class I or class II medical certificate. Each pilot flew a standardized flight profile representing an average instrument flight training sequence. For data analysis, we used four main sub-bands of the recorded EEG signals: delta, theta, alpha, and beta. Power spectral density (PSD) and log energy entropy of each sub-band across 20 electrodes were computed and subjected to two feature selection algorithms (recursive feature elimination (RFE) and lasso cross-validation (LassoCV), and a stacking ensemble machine learning algorithm composed of support vector machine, random forest, and logistic regression. Also, hyperparameter optimization and tenfold cross-validation were used to improve the model performance, reliability, and generalization. The feature selection step resulted in 15 features that can be considered an indicator of pilots' cognitive workload states. Then these features were applied to the stacking ensemble algorithm, and the highest results were achieved using the selected features by the RFE algorithm with an accuracy of 91.67% (± 0.11), a precision of 93.89% (± 0.09), recall of 91.67% (± 0.11), F-score of 91.22% (± 0.12), and the mean ROC-AUC of 0.93 (± 0.06). The achieved results indicated that the combination of PSD and log energy entropy, along with well-designed machine learning algorithms, suggest the potential for the use of EEG to discriminate periods of the low, medium, and high workload to augment aircraft system design, including flight automation features to improve aviation safety.
Injury and death to armored passenger-vehicle occupants and ground personnel from explosive shock waves
Authors: Viano David C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study evaluated the risks for injury and death to occupants from blast waves to the side and underbody of an armored passenger-vehicle and to ground personnel from free-field blast waves. The Kingery-Bulmash empirical relationships for explosive shock waves were augmented by the Swisdak empirical relations for stand-off distances up to Z = 39.8 m/kg1/3 to tabulate shock-wave characteristics using the Friedlander wave-shape. A 15 kg, hemispherical explosion was analyzed in detail for the shock wave velocity and compression of air behind the wave front. An armored SUV was analyzed with Z = 1.6 m/kg1/3 (4 m) standoff distance from pressure loading on the near-side, far-side and underbody. The rigid body displacement was 0.36 m and 7.8° yaw for a side loading. When a segment of the occupant compartment accelerates inward, there are risks for injury from the intrusion. Energy is transferred to the occupant by deformation of their body (Ed) and by velocity increasing the kinetic energy of the body region (Ek). Body deformation injures an occupant by exceeding the tolerable compression (crush mechanism) or exceeding the rate-dependent tolerance, which is defined by the rate times the extent of compression (viscous mechanism). The risk for injury and death to ground personnel was analyzed for free-field blast waves by stand-off distance and TNT weight. A 15 kg charge posed a 99% risk of death at 3.9 m, 50% risk at 5.2 m, 1% risk at 7.8 m and injury threshold at 8.2 m. A 100 kg charge posed a 99% risk of death at 8.5 m, 50% risk at 11.6 m, 1% risk at 17.3 m and injury threshold at 18.0 m. The study describes the steps to analyze blast loading of an armored passenger-vehicle for risks of occupant injury. It describes the steps to analyze injury risks to ground personnel from blast wave pressure.
Influence of Co doping on phase, structure and electrochemical properties of hydrothermally obtained CoxZn1−xFe2O4 (x = 0.0–0.4) nanoparticles
Authors: Putjuso Thanin , Putjuso Sasitorn , Karaphun Attaphol , Moontragoon Pairot , Kotutha Isara , Swatsitang Ekaphan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this work, CoxZn1−xFe2O4 (x = 0.0–0.4) nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal method at 200 °C for 12 h. X-ray diffraction revealed a pure cubic spinel phase of all samples with space group Fd-3m. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry disclosed the vibrational modes of metal oxides in the spinel structure. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy disclosed a uniform distribution of cuboidal shape NPs with a decreased average NPs size from 22.72 ± 0.62 to 20.85 ± 0.47 nm as the Co content increased. X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy results confirmed the presence of Zn2+, Co2+ and Fe2+/Fe3+ in Co-doped samples. The pore volume, pore size and specific surface area were determined using N2 gas adsorption/desorption isotherms by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) techniques. Electrochemical properties of supercapacitors, having active CoxZn1−xFe2O4 (x = 0.0–0.4) NPs as working electrodes, indicated pseudo-capacitor performance related to the Faradaic redox reaction. Interestingly, the highest specific capacitance (Csc), 855.33 F/g at 1 A/g, with a capacity retention of 90.41% after 1000 GCD cycle testing was achieved in the Co0.3Zn0.7Fe2O4 electrode.
Adipokinetic hormone signaling in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae facilitates Plasmodium falciparum sporogony
Authors: Nyasembe Vincent O. , Hamerly Timothy , López-Gutiérrez Borja , Leyte-Vidal Alexandra M. , Coatsworth Heather , Dinglasan Rhoel R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAn obligatory step in the complex life cycle of the malaria parasite is sporogony, which occurs during the oocyst stage in adult female Anopheles mosquitoes. Sporogony is metabolically demanding, and successful oocyst maturation is dependent on host lipids. In insects, lipid energy reserves are mobilized by adipokinetic hormones (AKHs). We hypothesized that Plasmodium falciparum infection activates Anopheles gambiae AKH signaling and lipid mobilization. We profiled the expression patterns of AKH pathway genes and AgAkh1 peptide levels in An. gambiae during starvation, after blood feeding, and following infection and observed a significant time-dependent up-regulation of AKH pathway genes and peptide levels during infection. Depletion of AgAkh1 and AgAkhR by RNAi reduced salivary gland sporozoite production, while synthetic AgAkh1 peptide supplementation rescued sporozoite numbers. Inoculation of uninfected female mosquitoes with supernatant from P. falciparum-infected midguts activated AKH signaling. Clearly, identifying the parasite molecules mediating AKH signaling in P. falciparum sporogony is paramount.
Rate Modulation Abilities in Acquired Motor Speech Disorders
Authors: Utianski Rene L. , Duffy Joseph R. , Martin Peter R. , Clark Heather M. , Stierwalt Julie A. G. , Botha Hugo , Ali Farwa , Whitwell Jennifer L. , Josephs Keith A. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to describe, compare, and understand speech modulation capabilities of patients with varying motor speech disorders (MSDs) in a paradigm in which patients made highly cued attempts to speak faster or slower.

Method:
Twenty-nine patients, 12 with apraxia of speech (AOS; four phonetic and eight prosodic subtype), eight with dysarthria (six hypokinetic and two spastic subtype), and nine patients without any neurogenic MSD completed a standard motor speech evaluation where they were asked to repeat words and sentences, which served as their “natural” speaking rate. They were then asked to repeat lower complexity (counting 1–5; repeating “cat” and “catnip” 3 times each) and higher complexity stimuli (repeating “catastrophe” and “stethoscope” 3 times each and “My physician wrote out a prescription” once) as fast/slow as possible. Word durations and interword intervals were measured. Linear mixed-effects models were used to assess differences related to MSD subtype and stimuli complexity on bidirectional rate modulation capacity as indexed by word duration and interword interval. Articulatory accuracy was also judged and compared.

Results:
Patients with prosodic AOS demonstrated a reduced ability to go faster; while they performed similarly to patients with spastic dysarthria when counting, patients with spastic dysarthria were able to increase rate similar to controls during sentence repetition; patients with prosodic AOS could not and made increased articulatory errors attempting to increase rate. AOS patients made more articulatory errors relative to other groups, regardless of condition; however, their percentage of errors reduced with an intentionally slowed speaking rate.

Conclusions:
The findings suggest comparative rate modulation abilities in conjunction with their impact on articulatory accuracy may support differential diagnosis between healthy and abnormal speech and among subtypes of MSDs (i.e., type of dysarthria or AOS). Findings need to be validated in a larger, more representative cohort encompassing several types of MSDs.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.22044632
The Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation on Speech Motor Control in People With Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Nip Ignatius S. B. , Burke Mathes M. , Kim Yunjung 
Published: February 2023

Purpose:
Despite the overall benefits of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson's disease (PD), its effects on speech production have been mixed when examined using auditory-perceptual and acoustic measures. This study investigated the effects of DBS on the lip and jaw kinematics during sentence production in individuals with dysarthria secondary to PD.

Method:
Twenty-seven participants from three groups were included in the study: (a) individuals with PD and without DBS (PD group), (b) individuals with PD and with DBS (PD-DBS group), and (c) neurologically healthy control speakers (HC group). Lip and jaw movements during speech were recorded using optical motion capture and analyzed for path distance, speed, duration, articulatory stability, and interarticulator coordination.

Results:
The PD-DBS group showed (a) increased path distance compared with the PD and HC groups and (b) increased speed compared with the PD group but not the HC group. Both PD and PD-DBS groups exhibited lengthened sentence duration compared with the HC group. Articulatory stability was greater for the two PD groups, PD and PD-DBS, compared with the HC group. Spatial, but not temporal, coordination was lower for the PD group than for the other two groups. The only kinematic changes between the DBS on and off conditions within the PD-DBS group were increases in spatial coordination.

Conclusions:
These data suggest that DBS primarily affects the amplitude scaling of articulatory movements, but not the temporal scaling, in individuals with PD. The findings are discussed with respect to the DBS-induced neural changes and their effects on speech motor control in PD.
Optimal allocation of EVs parking lots and DG in micro grid using two‐stage GA‐PSO
Authors: Ahmadi Monireh , Rastgoo Samaneh , Mahdavi Zahra , Nasab Morteza Azimi , Zand Mohammad , Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban , Khan Baseem 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the optimal allocation problem of the Electric Vehicles Parking Lots and DG in micro‐grid is studied as a novel optimization problem. In the proposed problem, the different factors including the technical and the economic issues are considered for achieving a realistic solution. In addition, FACTS devices have been added to the network by considering the costs of installation, repair and maintenance, and their effecton the technical and economic parameters of the network has been investigated. Also, how to optimally charge and discharge storage devices and how to optimally inject active or reactive power by charging stations to improve energy management in the network has been studied. In order to evaluate the impact and reduce economic costs, the optimal number of distributed renewable energy, storage and FACTS equipment along with the optimal number of parking lots with Existence of different number of electric vehicles in the survey and microgrid network has been designed using a two‐stage optimization method. The method is simulated on the standard IEEE 33 bus. The results show that the optimal power factor of parking lots can be determined during the unloading of vehicles in such a way that the technical parameter of the network is improved.
INSPIRE: INvestigating Stellar Population In RElics
Authors: D’Ago G. , Spiniello C. , Coccato L. , Tortora C. , La Barbera F. , Arnaboldi M. , Bevacqua D. , Ferré-Mateu A. , Gallazzi A. , Hartke J. , Hunt L. K. , Martín-Navarro I. , Napolitano N. R. , Pulsoni C. , Radovich M. , Saracco P. , Scognamiglio D. , Zibetti S. 
Published: February 2023

Context. The project called INvestigating Stellar Population In RElics (INSPIRE) is based on VLT/X-shooter data from the homonymous on-going ESO Large Program. It targets 52 ultra-compact massive galaxies at 0.1 < z < 0.5 with the goal of constraining their kinematics and stellar population properties in great detail and of analysing their relic nature.
Aims. This is the second INSPIRE data release (DR2), comprising 21 new systems with observations completed before March 2022. For each system, we release four one-dimensional (1D) spectra to the ESO Science Archive, one spectrum for each arm of the X-Shooter spectrograph. They are at their original resolution. We also release a combined and smoothed spectrum with a full width at half maximum resolution of 2.51 Å. In this paper, we focus on the line-of-sight velocity distribution, measuring integrated stellar velocity dispersions from the spectra, and assessing their robustness and the associated uncertainties.
Methods. For each of the 21 new systems, we systematically investigated the effect of the parameters and set-ups of the full spectral fitting on the stellar velocity dispersion (σ) measurements. In particular, we tested how σ changes when several parameters of the fit as well as the resolution and spectral coverage of the input spectra are varied.
Results. We found that the effect that causes the largest systematic uncertainties on σ is the wavelength range used for the fit, especially for spectra with a lower signal-to-noise ratio (S/N ≤ 30). When using blue wavelengths (UVB arm) one generally underestimates the velocity dispersion (by ~15 km s−1). The values obtained from the near-IR (NIR) arm present a larger scatter because the quality of the spectra is lower. We finally compared our results with those in literature, finding a very good agreement overall.
Conclusions. Joining results obtained in DR1 with those presented here, INSPIRE contains 40 ultra-compact massive galaxies, corresponding to 75% of the whole survey. By plotting these systems in a stellar mass-velocity dispersion diagram, we identify at least four highly reliable relic candidates among the new systems. Their velocity dispersion is larger than that of normal-sized galaxies of similar stellar mass.
Gangstörungen bei Schwindelerkrankungen
Authors: Schniepp Roman , Möhwald Ken , Wuehr Max 
Published: February 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEinschränkungen der Gehfähigkeit sind bei Schwindelerkrankungen häufig und determinieren Funktionalität und Mobilität der Patienten. Stürze und deren psychische und körperliche Folgen sind zudem wichtige Einflussfaktoren für soziale Teilhabe und Lebensqualität.Der vorliegende Übersichtsartikel informiert über die Möglichkeiten einer strukturierten Erfassung von Gangstörungsmustern bei Schwindel mit Nennung wichtiger differenzialdiagnostischer Aspekte. Zudem wird ein Konzept vorgestellt, mit dem Einschränkungen des Gehens in funktional relevante Bereiche unterteilt sind. Anhand dieses Konzepts werden im zweiten Teil des Artikels allgemeine Behandlungsoptionen der symptomatischen Therapie präsentiert. Diese umfassen neben physikalisch-medizinischen Basistherapien spezifischere Übungsformen des Gleichgewichts-, Koordinations- und Bewegungstrainings. In der Pharmakotherapie von Gangstörungen steht zumeist eine erkrankungsspezifische Zielsetzung im Vordergrund. Für die chronisch bilaterale vestibuläre Funktionsstörung bestehen zudem Ansätze der künstlichen Substitution bzw. Verstärkung.
Akutes zentrales vestibuläres Syndrom
Authors: Zwergal Andreas , Filippopulos Filipp , Huppert Doreen , Dieterich Marianne , Strupp Michael 
Published: February 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEinem akuten Schwindelsyndrom liegt in 4–15 % der Fälle ein akutes zentrales vestibuläres Syndrom in Folge eines Schlaganfalls im Bereich des Hirnstamms und/oder Kleinhirns zugrunde. Bei der differenzialdiagnostischen Einordnung helfen insbesondere die gezielte Anamnese, klinische und apparative Untersuchung der vestibulären und okulomotorischen Systeme und der bedarfsweise Einsatz geeigneter zerebraler Bildgebung weiter. Die Anamnese sollte folgende Aspekte umfassen: Akuität des Symptombeginns, schwindelspezifische Trigger, Begleitsymptome und Vorgeschichte von Schwindelattacken. Die Schwindelqualität, -intensität und -dauer helfen hingegen nicht bei der Differenzierung zu peripher-vestibulären Ursachen. Die zielgerichtete klinische vestibuläre und okulomotorische Untersuchung umfasst 4 Tests: Untersuchung auf Spontan-/Provokations-/Blickrichtungs-/Lagerungs-/Lagenystagmus, Kopfimpulstest, Abdecktest zur Erfassung einer Vertikaldeviation und Romberg-Stehversuch mit Frage nach posturaler Instabilität. Eine videookulografiegestützte Testung des Kopfimpulstests (vHIT) erhöht die Genauigkeit für die Erfassung einer zentralen Ursache (Schwellenwert für Verstärkungsfaktor: 0,7). Bildgebende Diagnostik sollte bei klinischem Verdacht auf eine zentrale Ursache durchgeführt werden. Der MRT-basierte Nachweis eines Schlaganfalls gelingt am besten 3–5 Tage nach Symptombeginn, während Diffusionsstörungen < 10 mm in der Akutphase nur in ca. 50 % der Fälle erfasst werden. Für die Therapie des akuten zentralen vestibulären Syndroms mittels intravenöser Thrombolyse gibt es keine hochwertigen und kontrollierten Untersuchungen. Die Nachbehandlung des akuten zentralen vestibulären Syndroms umfasst ein multimodales Gleichgewichtstraining zur Förderung der vestibulären Kompensation. Die Prognose ist in der Regel günstig. Einflussfaktoren sind die Symptomintensität im Akutstadium, die Infarktgröße, weibliches Geschlecht in Kombination mit einer Ängstlichkeit der Patienten und das Vorhandensein einer Extremitäten- oder Gangataxie.
Therapie rezidivierender Beschwerden im Bereich des
TLÜ
Authors: Pösl Matthias 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungIm vorliegenden Artikel wird der Fall einer Patientin mit anhaltenden Beschwerden
geschildert. Dabei wird auf die Anamnese und den Clinical-Reasoning-Prozess
ausführlich eingegangen. Im biopsychosozialen Kontext werden Yellow
Flags und ihr Einfluss auf ein Angstvermeidungsverhalten erörtert.
Edukative Ansätze und mögliche Behandlungsstrategien werden
diskutiert.
Viszerale Pathologie als Ursache für diffuse Schmerzen bei
einem komplexen Schmerzgeschehen
Authors: Lackenbauer Wolfgang 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungEine 75-jährige Patientin, die bereits seit 2 Monaten wegen
fortgeschrittener, symptomatischer Hüftarthrose links und
Lendenwirbelsäulenschmerzen in regelmäßiger
physiotherapeutischer Behandlung ist, muss einen Termin absagen, da sie wegen
starker Übelkeit und Erbrechen ins Krankenhaus eingeliefert wurde. Die
Patientin gibt an, in der letzten Woche eigenständig vermehrt
Schmerztabletten ohne zusätzlichen Magenschutz genommen zu haben. Sie
wird im Krankenhaus internistisch abgeklärt und auch eine
zusätzlich durchgeführte Magnetresonanztomografie an der
Lendenwirbelsäule zeigt keine relevanten Befunde. Einige Tage
später ruft die Patientin den Therapeuten erneut an und beschreibt, dass
sie seit 2 Tagen an akuten, diffusen, krampfartigen und
bewegungsunabhängigen Schmerzen oberhalb der linken Leiste leidet. Da
der Therapeut einen viszeralen Schmerzmechanismus vermutet, rät er der
Patientin zur dringenden ärztlichen Abklärung. Eine noch am
selben Tag durchgeführte Untersuchung bei einem Facharzt für
Viszeralchirurgie ergibt die Diagnose Divertikulitis.
Aktuelle Therapien von Ataxien
Authors: Thieme Andreas , Timmann Dagmar 
Published: February 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGAtaxien sind eine heterogene Gruppe von Erkrankungen. Sie können in jedem Lebensalter auftreten und haben verschiedene Ursachen. Die meisten Ataxien gehören zu den seltenen Erkrankungen und viele sind genetisch bedingt. Bislang beschränkt sich die Behandlung von Ataxien meist auf die symptomatische Therapie, insbesondere mittels Physiotherapie und Logopädie sowie auf die medikamentöse Behandlung von Begleitsymptomen. Eine wirksame „antiataktische“ medikamentöse Therapie steht unverändert nicht zur Verfügung. Nur für wenige Ataxien mit bekanntem Stoffwechseldefekt gibt es etablierte, zielgerichtete Therapieansätze. Tierexperimentell werden zunehmend genetische Therapien entwickelt. Erste klinische Sicherheitsstudien mit Antisense-Oligonukleotiden haben begonnen oder stehen kurz davor.
Piriformis: Ischias-Entlastung durch Akupunktur
Authors: Zhang Zheng 
Published: February 2023

SummaryBei einem Piriformis-Syndrom führen Fehlspannungen der Gesäßmuskeln zu einer Nervenkompression, insbesondere des Nervus ischiadicus, mit ausstrahlenden Schmerzen in Gesäß und dorsalen Oberschenkel. In der TCM gelten Wind, Kälte, Feuchtigkeit, Verletzungen und Fehlbelastungen als Hauptursachen, mit dem Ergebnis von Wind-Kälte sowie Qi- und Blutstagnation. Im vorgestellten Fall konnte ein Piriformis-Syndrom mit Schmerzen und Parästhesien mittels Akupunktur von A-Shi- und Fernpunkten sowie blutigem Schröpfen erfolgreich behandelt werden.
Compact high repetition rate Thomson parabola ion spectrometer
Authors: Nedbailo R. , Park J. , Hollinger R. , Wang S. , Mariscal D. , Morrison J. , Song H. , Zeraouli G. , Scott G. G. , Ma T. , Rocca J. J. 
Published: February 2023

We present the development of a compact Thomson parabola ion spectrometer capable of characterizing the energy spectra of various ion species of multi-MeV ion beams from &gt;1020W/cm2 laser produced plasmas at rates commensurate with the highest available from any of the current and near-future PW-class laser facilities. This diagnostic makes use of a polyvinyl toluene based fast plastic scintillator (EJ-260), and the emitted light is collected using an optical imaging system coupled to a thermoelectrically cooled scientific complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor camera. This offers a robust solution for data acquisition at a high repetition rate, while avoiding the added complications and nonlinearities of micro-channel plate based systems. Different ion energy ranges can be probed using a modular magnet setup, a variable electric field, and a varying drift-distance. We have demonstrated operation and data collection with this system at up to 0.2 Hz from plasmas created by irradiating a solid target, limited only by the targeting system. With the appropriate software, on-the-fly ion spectral analysis will be possible, enabling real-time experimental control at multi-Hz repetition rates.