bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of Ta/Cu Nanocomposite Dental Implants: On the Role of Incoherent Interfaces
Authors: Kardani Arash , Montazeri Abbas , Urbassek Herbert M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn recent years, tantalum (Ta)-based nanostructured dental implants have been widely utilized considering their exceptional biocompatibility, bioactivity, and biomechanical properties. Despite their advantages, the mechanical properties of Ta are higher than those of the adjacent jawbone, weakening the bone structure. It has been demonstrated that soft antibacterial additives such as copper (Cu) nanoparticles can tune the mechanical features of Ta-based implants to be similar to those of the adjacent bone. However, a noticeable gap in this research area is the lack of a computational model to explore the interfacial load transfer through the curved interfaces of Ta/Cu nanocomposites. Accordingly, a series of molecular dynamics simulations is employed to survey the microstructural evolution in Ta/Cu nanocomposites subjected to the uniaxial tensile loading condition at the body temperature. Additionally, to provide a complete picture of the contribution of Cu nanoparticles to the results, the mechanisms governing the plastic deformation of nanocomposite models with fine-grained and coarse-grained Ta matrix is systematically examined during the process. In summary, this work provides a comprehensive molecular dynamics simulation of the role of dislocation networks, twin formation, and their mutual interactions on the extent of the plastic zone in various Ta/Cu nanocomposite models.
Graphical Abstract
Potential of the hazelnut tree search–ELM hybrid approach in estimating yield and water productivity
Authors: Dehghanisanij Hossein , Emami Somayeh , Rezaverdinejad Vahid , Amini Abdollah 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWheat plays a vital role in the food security of society, and early estimation of its yield will be a great help to macro-decisions. For this purpose, wheat yield and water productivity (WP) by considering soil data, irrigation, fertilizer, climate, and crop characteristics and using a novel hybrid approach called hazelnut tree search algorithm (HTS) and extreme machine learning method (ELM) was examined under the drip (tape) irrigation. A dataset including 125 wheat yield data, irrigation and meteorological data of Mahabad plain located southeast of Lake Urmia, Iran, was used as input parameters for crop year 2020–2021. Eighty percentage of the data were used for training, and the remaining 20% for model testing. Nine different input scenarios were presented to estimate yield and WP. The efficiency of the proposed model was calculated with the statistical indices coefficient of determination (R2), root-mean-square error (RMSE), normalized root-mean-square error, and efficiency criterion. Sensitivity analysis result showed that the parameters of irrigation, rainfall, soil moisture, and crop variety provide better results for modeling. There was good agreement between the practical values (field management data) and the estimated values with the HTS–ELM model. The results also showed that the HTS–ELM method is very efficient in selecting the best input combination with R2 = 0.985 and RMSE = 0.005. In general, intelligent hybrid methods can enable optimal and economical use of water and soil resources.
Genetic mutations affecting mitochondrial function in cancer drug resistance
Authors: Lee Chanhaeng , Park Sang‑Hee , Yoon Sungjoo Kim 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMitochondria are organelles that serve as a central hub for physiological processes in eukaryotes, including production of ATP, regulation of calcium dependent signaling, generation of ROS, and regulation of apoptosis. Cancer cells undergo metabolic reprogramming in an effort to support their increasing requirements for cell survival, growth, and proliferation, and mitochondria have primary roles in these processes. Because of their central function in survival of cancer cells and drug resistance, mitochondria are an important target in cancer therapy and many drugs targeting mitochondria that target the TCA cycle, apoptosis, metabolic pathway, and generation of ROS have been developed. Continued use of mitochondrial-targeting drugs can lead to resistance due to development of new somatic mutations. Use of drugs is limited due to these mutations, which have been detected in mitochondrial proteins. In this review, we will focus on genetic mutations in mitochondrial target proteins and their function in induction of drug-resistance.
Reducing congestion and emissions via roadside unit deployment under mixed traffic flow
Authors: Liu Yuhao , Chen Zhibin , Gong Siyuan , Liu Han 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIt is expected that for a long time the future road traffic will be composed of both regular vehicles (RVs) and connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs). As a vehicle-to-infrastructure technology dedicated to facilitating CAV under the mixed traffic flow, roadside units (RSUs) can also improve the quality of information received by CAVs, thereby influencing the routing behavior of CAV users. This paper explores the possibility of leveraging the RSU deployment to affect the route choices of both CAVs and RVs and the adoption rate of CAVs so as to reduce the network congestion and emissions. To this end, we first establish a logit-based stochastic user equilibrium model to capture drivers’ route choice and vehicle type choice behaviors provided the RSU deployment plan is given. Particularly, CAV users’ perception error can be reduced by higher CAV penetration and denser RSUs deployed on the road due to the improved information quality. With the established equilibrium model, the RSU deployment problem is then formulated as a mathematical program with equilibrium constraints. An active-set algorithm is presented to solve the deployment problem efficiently. Numerical results suggest that an optimal RSU deployment plan can effectively drive the system towards one with lower network delay and emissions.
Spatiotemporal change detection of land use land cover (LULC) in Fashiakhali wildlife sanctuary (FKWS) impact area, Bangladesh, employing multispectral images and GIS
Authors: Hossain Md. Sazzad , Khan Md. Asif Haider , Oluwajuwon Tomiwa Victor , Biswas Jayanta , Rubaiot Abdullah S. M. , Tanvir Md. Seikh Sadiul Islam , Munira Sirajum , Chowdhury Md. Naif Ahmed 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLand cover change has posed significant concerns to biodiversity and climate change in Bangladesh and globally. Despite the country’s designation of forest regions as protected areas to conserve their valuable resources, deforestation and forest conversion remained unabated. Fashiakhali Wildlife Sanctuary (FKWS), a protected area in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, and its surrounding forested impact area have experienced considerable changes over the years, yet are deficient in extensive assessment. This study evaluated the land use land cover (LULC) changes in the FKWS impact area over almost 3 decades (1994–2021) using multispectral remotely sensed data. The Landsat images of 1994, 2001, 2010, and 2021 were classified using a maximum likelihood algorithm and analyzed for change detection. The comparative potential of vegetation indices, including Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), in forest cover assessment, and the relationship between Land Surface Temperature (LST) and NDVI was also assessed. A significant forest cover loss of around 1117.17 ha (16%) was recorded in the FKWS impact area between 1994 and 2021, with the hugest proportion of 867.78 ha (12.24%) deforested in the first period (1994–2001). Agricultural land also declined by 593.73 ha (8.37%) within the entire period, despite its initial increase of 392.04 ha (5.53%) between 2001 and 2010, being the primary driver of earlier deforestation. However, in the recent decade (2010–2021), settlement expansion of 963.90 ha (13.59%) due to massive human migration in the area contributed to the most remarkable overall land cover change of 1731.51 ha (24.42%). Furthermore, NDVI provided a better and more accurate forest cover assessment than SAVI and was recommended to aid in the quick evaluation and monitoring of the future impacts of agriculture, settlement, and other sorts of land use on the forest cover. In tandem with the widely acknowledged issue of increased temperature due to climate change, an absolute negative correlation was found between the NDVI and LST, confirming the negative impact of climate change on forest loss in the FKWS impact area.
Recurring heavy rainfall resulting in degraded-upgraded phases in soil microbial networks that are reflected in soil functioning
Authors: Stamou George P. , Monokrousos Nikolaos , Papapostolou Anastasia , Papatheodorou Effimia M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract• We assess the recovery of microbial networks underneath crust to repeated rainfall.• The network fragmentation after the second heavy rain was milder than at the first one.• Cohesive networks were related to high enzyme activity involved in C, N, and P cycles.• Loose networks were related to high Ca, K, Mg, NH4 and organic N.• The network in dry-crusted soils collapsed after the second heavy rain.Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are an important multi-trophic component of arid ecosystems in the Mediterranean region. In a mesocosm experiment, the authors investigated how the network of interactions among the members of the soil microbial communities in four types of soil sample responded when soils were exposed to two simulated extreme rain events. The four types of soil samples were: covered by Cladonia rangiformis and previously hydrated (+BSC+H), covered by C. rangiformis and dried (+BSC−H), uncovered and hydrated (−BSC+H), uncovered and dried (−BSC−H). Network analysis was based on the co-occurrence patterns of microbes; microbes were assessed by the phospholipid fatty acids analysis. The authors further explored the relations between networks’ metrics and soil functions denoted by enzymatic activity and soil chemical variables. All networks exhibited Small world properties, moderate values of clustering coefficient and eigen centrality, indicating the lack of hub nodes. The networks in −BSC−H soils appeared coherent during the pre-rain phases and they became modular after rains, while those in +BSC−H soils kept their connectivity till the second rain but this then collapsed. The network metrics that were indicative of cohesive networks tended to be related to enzyme activity while those that characterized the loose networks were related to Ca, K, Mg, NH
4
+
and organic N. In all mesocosms except for +BSC−H, networks’ fragmentation after the second heavy rain was milder than after the first one, supporting the idea of community acclimatization. The response of microbial networks to heavy rains was characterized by the tendency to exhibit degradation-reconstruction phases. The network collapse in the crusted only mesocosms showed that the communities beneath crusts in arid areas were extremely vulnerable to recurring heavy rain events.
Implementation of new indicators of pediatric malnutrition and comparison to previous indicators
Authors: Ezzat Mai Adnan , Albassam Ebtsam Mohmmed , Aldajani Eman Abdullah , Alaskar Raneem Abdulaziz , Devol Edward Bentz 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Early identification of childhood malnutrition is imperative to improve overall health outcomes, and more importantly, to start early intervention to decrease the risk of future complications. This study aimed to evaluate new malnutrition Z-score growth indicators for detecting pediatric malnutrition and degrees of severity and compare their accuracy with that of growth chart centiles.

Patients and Methods:
This retrospective study included 475 pediatric patients from several pediatric nutrition clinics for six months. The participant's weight, height, age, and growth parameters were recorded using both traditional growth charts (centiles) and updated malnutrition indicators (z-scores). The percentage and degree of malnutrition using centiles and Z-scores were compared.

Results:
In children aged <2 years, the percentage of malnutrition was 4.7% higher when measured using new malnutrition indicators (weight-for-length Z-score) compared with (weight-for-length centiles). Our results also showed 9.6% higher number of malnourished children >2 years of age when BMI-for-age Z-score was used compared to weight-for-height centiles while there were 15.8% higher malnourished children when BMI-for-age Z-score was compared to BMI-for-age centiles for the same group. We found a significant difference (X2 = 202.548, P=<.0001) between the degree of malnutrition in children aged >2 years using BMI-for-age Z-score (normal vs. malnourished) and the degree of malnutrition using BMI centiles (normal vs. malnourished). Approximately 34% of the children classified as normal using centiles were classified as malnourished using Z-scores. Comparing the degrees of Malnutrition, approximately 23% (45 of 196) of children classified as normal based on centiles were classified as having mild malnutrition when Z-scores were used, and 42% (80 of 192) of children who were classified as having mild malnutrition based on centiles were classified as having moderate malnutrition when Z-scores were used.

Conclusions:
In our study, a higher percentage of children showed malnutrition when assessed using the Z-score (BMI-for-age for children >2 years/weight-for-length for children <2 years of age) than the centiles growth chart.
The Utility of RGB Color for Discrimination of Lunar Maturity and Composition
Authors: Blewett David T. , Choi Tiffanie X. , Zheng YongChun , Cloutis Edward A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe explore the extent to which red‐green‐blue (RGB) color images, such as those produced by a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) Bayer‐filter camera, can be utilized for studying the maturity and composition of the lunar surface. RGB filters typically are quite broad, with considerable overlap among the three colors. Convolution of laboratory spectra for lunar samples to the RGB responsivities of the Chang'E‐3 rover's Panoramic Camera allowed determination of the correlations between color ratios (B/R, B/G, and G/R) and the sample maturity (Is/FeO) or composition (wt.% FeO or TiO2). In general, color ratios decrease as Is/FeO increases. When separate sample categories are considered, we find that the B/R ratio is a good predictor of Is/FeO for low‐Ti mare, low‐Fe highland, and moderate‐Fe highland soils. For high‐Ti mare soils, Is/FeO has little influence on the B/R ratio (due to the spectral effects of abundant ilmenite), and hence the ratio cannot be used to determine maturity. We also find that color ratios have no useful correlation with sample wt.% FeO or TiO2. Thus, in locations excluding the high‐Ti maria, RGB color data could be used to estimate soil maturity. We outline a concept for a multispectral imager based on a CMOS sensor with a Bayer‐like pattern of custom‐wavelength filters chosen specifically for lunar science applications.
Thermally Induced Microcracks in Granite and Their Effect on the Macroscale Mechanical Behavior
Authors: Xu J. J. , Zhang Y. H. , Rutqvist J. , Hu M. S. , Wang Z. Z. , Tang X. H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the thermal effects on rock is critical for the exploration of geothermal resources and the temperature‐driven evolution of Earth. The macroscale mechanical behavior of granite under thermal loading can be complicated due to microcracking and the heterogeneity of minerals. In this study, the thermally induced microcrack propagation of granite was first observed in real time by an ultrahigh‐temperature instrument on an optical microscope. The previous investigation believed that the α–β quartz transition at approximately 573°C leads to a sharp decrease in macroscale mechanical behavior. However, the present experimental results revealed that microcracks initiate at 300°C and coalesce between 400 and 600°C, which is the main reason for the sharp decrease in macroscale mechanical properties of granite. Additionally, an accurate grain‐based model based on the mineralogical morphology of granite samples adopted mechanical parameters of minerals obtained from microscale rock mechanical techniques. It is able to well reproduce the process of microcracking and the strength evolution of granite during heating. The numerical results show that the heterogeneity of thermal expansion and mechanical properties of minerals produce local thermal stress concentrations in granite. The uneven tensile‐compressive stress between feldspar and quartz and the shear stress around biotite result in the initiation and propagation of microcracks. The present work is potentially useful for understanding and predicting the mechanical behavior of granites under thermal loading with different mineral compositions and microstructures.
Multi‐Year Analysis of Rain‐Snow Levels at Marquette, Michigan
Authors: Shates J. A. , Pettersen C. , L’Ecuyer T. S. , Kulie M. S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study uses observations from a ground‐based instrument suite to investigate the rain‐snow level (RSL) in stratiform rainfall from January 2014 to April 2020 in the Upper Great Lakes Region. The height above the surface where ice melts to rain, the rain‐snow level, influences microphysical assumptions in remote sensing precipitation retrievals and the ability of space‐based radar to discriminate surface precipitation phase because of ground clutter. The instrument suite is installed at the Marquette, MI (MQT) National Weather Service station adjacent to Lake Superior. Rain events and the RSLs are studied through a ground‐based vertically profiling radar (Micro Rain Radar), a custom NASA‐developed video disdrometer (Precipitation Imaging Package), and reanalysis products from ECMWF ERA5 and NASA MERRA‐2. Distinct macro and microphysical characteristics are observed in precipitation events with shallow RSLs (<1.8 km above ground level [AGL]) and intermediate RSLs (>1.8 km AGL). Intermediate RSLs correspond to rain events with relatively higher rain rates and a higher concentration of small drops in the drop size distributions (DSDs). Shallow RSL DSDs contain relatively higher concentrations of large drops with lower fall speeds suggesting that partially melted snowflakes may be reaching the surface. Reflectivity‐rain‐rate relationships are also impacted by microphysical differences associated with RSL regimes. Radar‐detected RSLs agree with reanalysis‐derived melt levels‐especially at wet‐bulb isotherms of 0.5°C and 1°C. Seasonal differences such as shallow RSLs in winter, fall, and spring have subsequent implications for satellite detectability.
Toward Better Constrained Scattering Models for Natural Ice Crystals in the Visible Region
Authors: Xu Guanglang , Waitz Fritz , Wagner Shawn , Nehlert Franziska , Schnaiter Martin , Järvinen Emma 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this work, we introduce a method for constraining the optical scattering models of natural ice crystals based on in‐situ measurements. Specifically the measured angular scattering functions for ice crystals can be used to compute a set of the asymmetry parameter (g) and the corresponding complexity parameter (Cp). It is demonstrated that the g‐Cp relation can give valuable information on the morphology of ice crystal. The validity of the methods is shown from theoretical perspectives and the geometric‐optics ray‐tracing simulations. As an application, we investigate rimed ice crystals from in‐situ measurements and found that (a) the Cp parameter is very well correlated with the surface riming degree and (b) only those models with both roughness and internal scattering can explain the observed g‐Cp relation for rimed particles.
Age‐Depth Models for Tropical Marine Hemipelagic Deposits Improve Significantly When Proxy‐Based Information on Sediment Composition Is Included
Authors: Peeters F. J. C. , van der Lubbe H. J. L. , Scussolini P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAccurate age‐depth models for marine sediment cores are crucial for understanding paleo‐oceanographic and ‐climatic changes derived from these archives. To date, information on bulk sediment composition is largely ignored as a potential source of information to improve age‐depth models. In this study, we explore how bulk sediment composition can be qualitatively used to improve age‐depth models. We developed the BomDia algorithm, which produces age‐depth models with realistic sediment accumulation rates that co‐vary in harmony with the bulk sediment composition. We demonstrate that changes in the marine versus terrigenous sediment deposition, based on bulk sediment composition, can be used to significantly improve age‐depth models of hemipelagic marine deposits. Based on two marine records—each containing more than 20 radiocarbon (AMS 14C) dated levels—we show that the mean error of prediction of unused AMS 14C ages significantly improves from 3.9% using simple linear interpolation, to 2.4% (p = 0.003), when bulk sediment composition is included. The BomDia age‐depth modeling approach provides a powerful statistical tool to assess the validity of age control points used and also may assist in the detection of hiatuses. Testing and further development of the BomDia algorithm may be needed for application in depositional settings other than tropical hemipelagic.
Estimation of Groundwater Flow Rate by an Actively Heated Fiber Optics Based Thermal Response Test in a Grouted Borehole
Authors: Zhang Bo , Gu Kai , Bayer Peter , Qi Haibo , Shi Bin , Wang Baojun , Jiang Yuehua , Zhou Quanping 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe thermal response test (TRT) in an aquifer establishes a relationship between the groundwater flow rate and the recorded temperature response curve of temporal ground heating. A major challenge for achieving a mature hydrogeological field test is to minimize borehole effects by smart practical solutions of in situ heating and temperature sensing. When borehole effects are substantial, concepts are needed to separate their contribution to the recorded signal. This is especially the case when heating and sensing devices are installed in grouted boreholes as permanent testing stations. Interpretation of a recorded response curve thus means solving a transient heat transfer problem with radial conduction through composite media. Here, a series of numerical models are set up to study the effect of the grout and the jacket of an actively heated fiber‐optic cable on the simulated thermal response measured along a heated borehole. The findings are utilized to further develop existing groundwater flow rate estimation procedures based on the moving infinite line source model. The developed approach is demonstrated in a case study in a borehole near a bank collapse site that penetrates different aquifer layers. Accordingly, significant local groundwater flow rates (9 × 10−7–5 × 10−6 m·s−1) are found that vary with depth. The values derived by the TRT interpretation closely match the expected rates (2 × 10−6–7 × 10−6 m·s−1), which supports the good applicability of the estimation procedure in the field.