bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to combine the use of intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and awake craniotomy for microsurgical resection of hemorrhagic cavernous malformation in eloquent area: a case report
Authors: Tuleasca Constantin , Peciu-Florianu Iulia , Strachowski Ondine , Derre Benoit , Vannod-Michel Quentin , Reyns Nicolas 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Cavernous malformations are clusters of abnormal and hyalinized capillaries without interfering brain tissue. Here, we present a cavernous malformation operated under awake conditions, due to location, in an eloquent area and using intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging due to patient’s movement upon the awake phase.

Case presentation
We present the pre-, per-, and postoperative course of an inferior parietal cavernous malformation, located in eloquent area, in a 27-year-old right-handed Caucasian male, presenting with intralesional hemorrhage and epilepsy. Preoperative diffusion tensor imaging has shown the cavernous malformation at the interface between the arcuate fasciculus and the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus. We describe the microsurgical approach, combining preoperative diffusion tensor imaging, neuronavigation, awake microsurgical resection, and intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging.

Conclusion
Complete microsurgical en bloc resection has been performed and is feasible even in eloquent locations. Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging was considered an important adjunct, particularly used in this case as the patient moved during the “awake" phase of the surgery and thus neuronavigation was not accurate anymore. Postoperative course was marked by a unique, generalized seizure without any adverse event. Immediate and 3 months postoperative magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the absence of any residue. Pre- and postoperative neuropsychological exams were unremarkable.
Extracorporeal blood purification benefits in post-caesarean patient with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome due to miliary tuberculosis: a case report
Authors: Zakaria Gumarbio Setiadi , Taufik Muhammad Azhari , Manggala Sidharta Kusuma , Jennefer  
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Miliary tuberculosis is a life-threatening disease caused by the hematogenous spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is uncommon in pregnancy. Mortality rates for patients with miliary tuberculosis who require mechanical ventilation are high (60–70%).

Case presentation
We reported a rare and challenging case, a 35-year-old Asian woman with 34 weeks of pregnancy, and miliary tuberculosis with acute respiratory distress syndrome and septic shock. The patient presented with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, necessitating mechanical ventilation, vasopressor, and pregnancy termination with caesarean section. The patient underwent blood purification with continuous veno-venous hemofiltration using an oXiris filter for 24 hours. After continuous veno-venous hemofiltration, the patient’s condition was greatly improved, and the patient was successfully extubated and was able to breathe spontaneously without vasopressor on the third day. High levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-10, procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α were found postoperatively.

Conclusion
The bacterial infection of tuberculosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and the stress response from the caesarean section contributed to the high levels of cytokines, which correlated with the patient’s severe inflammatory condition. The cytokine levels were greatly reduced after the blood purification procedure and this might be associated with the patient’s clinical improvement. Extracorporeal blood purification could help to disrupt the vicious cycle of inflammation.
Tuberculosis infection prevention and control in rural Papua New Guinea: an evaluation using the infection prevention and control assessment framework
Authors: Marme Gigil , Kuzma Jerzy , Zimmerman Peta-Anne , Harris Neil , Rutherford Shannon 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Papua New Guinea (PNG) is one of the 14 countries categorised as having a triple burden of tuberculosis (TB), multidrug-resistant TB (MDR TB), and TB-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infections. TB infection prevention and control (TB-IPC) guidelines were introduced in 2011 by the National Health Department of PNG. This study assesses the implementation of this policy in a sample of district hospitals in two regions of PNG.

Methods
The implementation of TB-IPC policy was assessed using a survey method based on the World Health Organization (WHO) IPC assessment framework (IPCAF) to implement the WHO’s IPC core components. The study included facility assessment at ten district hospitals and validation observations of TB-IPC practices.

Results
Overall, implementation of IPC and TB-IPC guidelines was inadequate in participating facilities. Though 80% of facilities had an IPC program, many needed more clearly defined IPC objectives, budget allocation, and yearly work plans. In addition, they did not include senior facility managers in the IPC committee. 80% (n = 8 of 10) of hospitals had no IPC training and education; 90% had no IPC committee to support the IPC team; 70% had no surveillance protocols to monitor infections, and only 20% used multimodal strategies for IPC activities. Similarly, 70% of facilities had a TB-IPC program without a proper budget and did not include facility managers in the TB-IPC team; 80% indicated that patient flow poses a risk of TB transmission; 70% had poor ventilation systems; 90% had inadequate isolation rooms; and though 80% have personal protective equipment available, frequent shortages were reported.

Conclusions
The WHO-recommended TB-IPC policy is not effectively implemented in most of the participating district hospitals. Improvements in implementing and disseminating TB-IPC guidelines, monitoring TB-IPC practices, and systematic healthcare worker training are essential to improve TB-IPC guidelines’ operationalisation in health settings to reduce TB prevalence in PNG.
Food addiction and its relationship with other eating behaviours among Spanish university students
Authors: Escrivá-Martínez Tamara , Galiana Laura , Herrero Rocío , Rodríguez-Arias Marta , Fernández-Aranda Fernando , Gearhardt Ashley N. , Baños Rosa M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Food addiction (FA) is characterised by symptoms such as loss of control over food consumption, inability to reduce consumption despite the desire to do so, and continued consumption despite negative consequences. The modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0) is a widely used instrument to assess FA.

Objectives
To validate the Spanish mYFAS 2.0; to analyse the relationships between FA with other eating behaviours, sociodemographic variables, and Body Mass Index (BMI); and to test the eating-related variables that account for the variance in FA.

Methods
The sample consisted of 400 university students (Mage = 24.16, SDage = 6.12; 51% female), who completed the mYFAS 2.0 and measures of eating-related constructs.

Results
A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the one-factor structure of the mYFAS 2.0. The scale showed good internal consistency (α = .78), and good convergent validity with the mYFAS. FA was related to eating styles, binge eating, and bulimia. No differences in FA were observed between males and females, and there was no association between FA and BMI. In addition, younger participants scored higher on FA than older participants. The eating-related variables explain 54.7% of the variance in FA.

Conclusions
The mYFAS 2.0 is a valid and reliable scale to assess FA in the Spanish population. The positive and significant relationship of variables related to eating (eating styles, binge eating and bulimia) with FA was demonstrated. These variables were indicated by those at high risk of FA.
A randomised controlled feasibility study of food-related computerised attention training versus mindfulness training and waiting-list control for adults with overweight or obesity: the FOCUS study
Authors: Mercado Daniela , Werthmann Jessica , Antunes-Duarte Tiago , Campbell Iain C. , Schmidt Ulrike 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
In a feasibility randomised controlled trial in people with overweight/obesity with and without binge eating disorder (BED) symptoms, we assessed eight weekly sessions of attention bias modification training (ABMT) and mindfulness training (MT) versus waiting list (WL) and explored potential mechanisms.

Methods
45 participants were randomly allocated to one of three trial arms. Primary outcomes were recruitment, retention and treatment adherence rates. Secondary outcomes included measures of eating behaviour, mood, attention and treatment acceptability. Assessments were conducted at baseline, post-intervention (week 8), and follow-up (week 12).

Results
Participant retention at follow-up was 84.5% across groups. Session completion rates in the laboratory were 87% for ABMT and 94% for MT, but home practice was much poorer for ABMT. Changes in BMI and body composition were small between groups and there was a medium size BMI reduction in the MT group at follow-up. Effect sizes of eating disorder symptom changes were not greater for either intervention group compared to WL, but favoured ABMT compared to MT. Hedonic hunger and mindful eating scores favoured MT compared to ABMT and WL. ABMT reduced attention biases towards high-calorie food cues, which correlated with lower objective binge eating days at post-intervention. No significant changes were observed in the MT, or WL conditions.

Conclusions
Both ABMT and MT have potential value as adjuncts in the treatment of obesity and BED, and a larger clinical trial appears feasible and indicated.
Trial registration: ISRCTN Registry, ISRCTN15745838. Registered on 22 May 2018.
Movement disorders are linked to TDP-43 burden in the substantia nigra of FTLD-TDP brain donors
Authors: Fiondella Luigi , Gami-Patel Priya , Blok Christian A. , Rozemuller Annemieke J. M. , Hoozemans Jeroen J. M. ,   The Netherlands Brain Bank, Pijnenburg Yolande A. L. , Scarioni Marta , Dijkstra Anke A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMovement disorders (MD) have been linked to degeneration of the substantia nigra (SN) in Parkinson’s disease and include bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremor. They are also present in frontotemporal dementia (FTD), where MD have been linked to frontotemporal lobar degeneration with tau pathology (FTLD-tau). Although MD can also occur in FTLD with TDP-43 pathology (FTLD-TDP), the local pathology in the SN of FTLD-TDP patients with MD is currently unexplored. The aims of this study are to characterize the frequency and the nature of MD in a cohort of FTLD-TDP brain donors and to investigate the relationship between the presence of MD, the nigral neuronal loss, and the TDP-43 burden in the SN. From our cohort of FTLD-TDP patients (n = 53), we included 13 donors who presented with MD (FTLD-MD+), and nine age-sex matched donors without MD (FTLD-MD-) for whom the SN was available. In these donors, the TDP-43 burden and the neuronal density in the SN were assessed with ImageJ and Qupath software. The results were compared between the two groups using T-test. We found that the TDP-43 burden in the SN was higher in FTLD-MD+ (mean 3,43%, SD ± 2,7) compared to FTLD-MD- (mean 1,21%, SD ± 0,67) (p = 0,04), while no significant difference in nigral neuronal density was found between the groups (p = 0,09). 17% of FTLD-TDP patients developed MD, which present as symmetric akinetic-rigid parkinsonism or CBS. Given the absence of a significant nigral neuronal cell loss, TDP-43 induced neuronal dysfunction could be sufficient to cause MD.
A novel technique for forecasting the optimal production of a wind generator installed at any geographical point located within a very large area
Authors: Agbomahena Bienvenu Macaire , Didavi Kossoko Babatoundé Audace , Agbokpanzo Richard Gilles 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe need to integrate renewable energy sources into the energy mix is felt because of the many advantages they offer over fossil fuels, notably in terms of environmental protection and more uniformly distributed availability. The intermittent and stochastic ones, such as wind power, present many problems to network operators due to the volatile nature of their output power. This work presents a new technique for optimally forecasting the power output of a wind turbine installed at any geographic point located within a very large area. Once the study area is defined, it is gridded and optimally sampled in order to have a truly representative number of geographical points. The study area is then divided into sub-areas by grouping the samples by similarity of variation of meteorological parameters (wind speed and direction). For each sub-area, the optimal production periods are then identified and used for forecasting the power output. The forecasting technique used combines the LSTM model for forecasting meteorological parameters and the linear model for approximating the power curves of wind turbines. The technique was applied to the Beninese territory on which 90 sub-zones were formed. A 12 h forecasting of wind speed, wind direction and wind power were presented for one of the sub-areas. The clustering results gave a Silhouette score of at least 0.99. The wind speed and direction forecasting gave (0.34 m/s, 7.8 rad) and (93%, 70%) for RMSE and R2, respectively.
Reimagining Education in Global Radiotherapy: The Experiences and Contribution of Rayos Contra Cancer
Authors: Yorke Afua A. , Carlson Caroline , Koufigar Sharareh , Zhu Hong , Li Benjamin 
Published: April 2023

PURPOSE Technology advancements ushered in a new era of how we reimagine our human interaction, with videoconferencing becoming commonplace in educational, professional, and social settings. These tools became the new paradigm in online/virtual education for all institutions around the world. Particularly in global health, where the traditional norm for support relied on traveling and onsite visits, we face a ripe opportunity for innovation. METHODS From 2019 to present, Rayos Contra Cancer has conducted remote operations by organizing the efforts of volunteer educators and moderators who are radiotherapy professionals or trainees from across the United States and other parts of the world. On average, each program consists of 17 virtual sessions. The hour-long sessions are conducted over Zoom and include didactics, question-and-answer dialogue with participants, and sample cases. The educators are seasoned and accomplished radiation oncologists, physicists, dosimetrists, and radiation therapists who teach single or multiple topics in a program. Participants are radiotherapy professionals or trainees affiliated with a radiotherapy clinic in a low- and middle-income country. RESULTS The number of participant clinics ranged from 2 to 120 per program. Our combined programs have resulted in over 2,000 unique participants spanning approximately 500 unique centers in 54 countries with the support of over 200 unique educators and moderators from centers in 18 countries. CONCLUSION When the world shut down, we were forced to reimagine how we approached global health education. Our data show tremendous growth year to year and from one curriculum to another. The feedback from our participants demonstrates that our approach is an effective way to engage practitioners in radiotherapy centers with fewer resources.
Working, Low Income, and Cancer Caregiving: Financial and Mental Health Impacts
Authors: Bradley Cathy J. , Kitchen Sara , Owsley Kelsey M. 
Published: April 2023

PURPOSE Approximately 6 million people provide caregiving to people diagnosed with cancer. Many must remain employed to support their household and to have access to health insurance. It is unknown if caregiving for a spouse diagnosed with cancer is associated with greater financial and mental stress relative to providing care for a spouse with different conditions. METHODS Health and Retirement Study (2002-2020) data were used to compare employed caregivers, younger than age 65 years, caring for a spouse diagnosed with cancer (n = 103) and a matched control group caring for a spouse with other conditions (n = 515). We used logistic regression to examine a decrease in household income, increase in household debt, stopping work, and a new report of a mental health condition over a 4-year period, adjusting for socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, and health insurance status. Subanalyses stratified estimations by median household income. RESULTS Around a third of cancer caregivers reported they stopped working (35%) and had an increase in household debt (30%). Cancer caregivers in households below the median household income were more likely to report decreased income (13.4 percentage points [pp]; P < .10), increased household debt (14.5 pp; P < .10), and stopping work (18.8 pp; P < .05) than similar noncancer caregivers. Mixed results were found for a change in mental health domains. The results were robust to multiple sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION Cancer caregivers from low-income households were more likely to increase debt and incur work loss compared with noncancer caregivers in similar households. Policies such as paid sick leave and family leave are needed for this strained and important population who have financial and employment responsibilities in addition to caregiving.
Testicular Dysfunction in 47,XXY Boys: When It All Begins. A Semilongitudinal Study
Authors: Pozza Carlotta , Sesti Franz , Tenuta Marta , Spaziani Matteo , Tarantino Chiara , Carlomagno Francesco , Minnetti Marianna , Pofi Riccardo , Paparella Roberto , Lenzi Andrea , Radicioni Antonio , Isidori Andrea M , Tarani Luigi , Gianfrilli Daniele 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective
Klinefelter syndrome is the most common chromosomal disorder in males and the most common cause of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. We describe the natural history of testicular dysfunction in patients with Klinefelter syndrome through the integration of clinical, hormonal, and quantitative ultrasound data in a life-course perspective.

Design
Prospective semilongitudinal study.

Methods
We included 155 subjects with 47,XXY karyotype (age range: 7 months-55 years) naïve to testosterone replacement therapy. Subjects were divided according to pubertal stage and age group (transition age and adults). Serial clinical, hormonal, and testicular ultrasound (US) assessments were performed.

Results
Testicular development progresses until Tanner stage 4, with subsequent regression, whereas Sertoli and germ cell impairment is not hormonally detected before Tanner stages 3-4, as reflected by normal inhibin B values until stage 4 and the fall in the inhibin B/follicle-stimulating hormone ratio thereafter. The testosterone/luteinizing hormone ratio peaks during Tanner stages 2-3 and declines from Tanner stage 4 onward, preceding the development of overt hypogonadism. US echotexture progressively worsens until transition age, reflecting ongoing gonadal compromise, whereas quantitative US echotexture measures and the presence of both hypoechoic lesions and microlithiasis independently and significantly predict a lower circulating testosterone level.

Conclusions
The findings from this large prospective study contribute to our understanding of the natural history of testicular dysfunction in Klinefelter syndrome, underlining the importance of quantitative testicular US in infancy and childhood, as well as during pubertal development and transition age, for the optimal care of Klinefelter syndrome patients.
Impaired Physical Performance in X-linked Hypophosphatemia Is not Caused by Depleted Muscular Phosphate Stores
Authors: Kara Johannes Alexander Serhan , Zange Jochen , Hoffman Fabian , Tank Jens , Jordan Jens , Semler Oliver , Schönau Eckhard , Rittweger Jörn , Seefried Lothar 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Context
X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a rare genetic disease, characterized by renal phosphate wasting and complex musculoskeletal manifestations including decreased physical performance.

Objective
To characterize muscular deficits in patients with XLH and investigate phosphate stores in muscles.

Methods
Case–control study (Muscle fatigability in X-linked Hypophosphatemia [MuXLiH]) with a 1-time assessment at the German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, from May to December 2019, including patients with XLH cared for at the Osteology Department, University of Wuerzburg. Thirteen patients with XLH and 13 age/sex/body weight–matched controls aged 18-65 years were included. The main outcome measure was 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS)–based assessment of phosphate metabolites in the soleus muscle at rest. Further analyses included magnetic resonance imaging–based muscle volume measurement, laboratory testing, isokinetic maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), fatigue testing, and jumping mechanography.

Results
By means of 31P-MRS, no significant differences were observed between XLH and controls regarding phosphate metabolites except for a slightly increased phosphocreatine to inorganic phosphate (PCr/Pi) ratio (XLH: 13.44 ± 3.22, control: 11.01 ± 2.62, P = .023). Quadriceps muscle volume was reduced in XLH (XLH: 812.1 ± 309.0 mL, control: 1391.1 ± 306.2 mv, P &lt; .001). No significant differences were observed regarding isokinetic maximum torque (MVC) adjusted to quadriceps muscle volume. Jumping peak power and jump height were significantly reduced in XLH vs controls (both P &lt; .001).

Conclusion
The content of phosphoric compounds within the musculature of patients with XLH was not observed to be different from controls. Volume-adjusted muscle strength and fatiguability were not different either. Reduced physical performance in patients with XLH may result from long-term adaptation to reduced physical activity due to skeletal impairment.