bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How economic weights translate into genetic and phenotypic progress, and vice versa
Authors: Simianer Henner , Heise Johannes , Rensing Stefan , Pook Torsten , Geibel Johannes , Reimer Christian 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
This paper highlights the relationships between economic weights, genetic progress, and phenotypic progress in genomic breeding programs that aim at generating genetic progress in complex, i.e., multi-trait, breeding objectives via a combination of estimated breeding values for different trait complexes.

Results
Based on classical selection index theory in combination with quantitative genetic models, we provide a methodological framework for calculating expected genetic and phenotypic progress for all components of a complex breeding objective. We further provide an approach to study the sensitivity of the system to modifications, e.g. to changes in the economic weights. We propose a novel approach to derive the covariance structure of the stochastic errors of estimated breeding values from the observed correlations of estimated breeding values. We define ‘realized economic weights’ as those weights that would coincide with the observed composition of the genetic trend and show, how they can be calculated. The suggested methodology is illustrated with an index that aims at achieving a breeding goal composed of six trait complexes, that was applied in German Holstein cattle breeding until 2021.

Conclusions
Based on the presented results, the main conclusions are (i) the composition of the observed genetic progress matches the expectations well, with predictions being slightly better when the covariance of estimation errors is taken into account; (ii) the composition of the expected phenotypic trend deviates significantly from the expected genetic trend due to the differences in trait heritabilities; and (iii) the realized economic weights derived from the observed genetic trend deviate substantially from the predefined ones, in one case even with a reversed sign. Further results highlight the implications of the change to a modified breeding goal based on the example of a new index comprising eight, partly new, trait complexes, which is used since 2021 in the German Holstein breeding program. The proposed framework and the analytical tools and software provided will be useful to define more rational and generally accepted breeding objectives in the future.
Remote cerebellar hemorrhage following repeated lumbar punctures
Authors: Wang Hai-Yang , Hu Zerui , Han Jinming , Wang Dongsen , Wu Qingjian 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Remote cerebellar hemorrhage (RCH) is a rare complication in neurosurgery. No case of RCH secondary to repeated lumbar punctures (LPs) has been previously reported.

Case presentation
A 49-year-old man presented with impaired consciousness following persistent fever. Cerebrospinal fluid examination showed high opening pressure, elevated white blood cells, increased protein level, and decreased glucose level, resulting in a diagnosis of bacterial meningoencephalitis. Treatment with repeated LPs and intrathecal injection of ceftriaxone resulted in an improvement in neurological symptoms. However, on day 31 of treatment, brain magnetic resonance image (MRI) showed streaky bleeding in bilateral cerebellum (zebra sign), leading to a diagnosis of RCH. Close observation and repeated brain MRI imaging without specific treatments led to the absorption of bilateral cerebellar hemorrhage, and the patient was discharged with improved neurological symptoms. Repeated brain MRI scans one month after discharge showed that bilateral cerebellar hemorrhage had improved, and had disappeared one year after discharge.

Conclusion
We reported a rare occurrence of LPs-induced RCH presenting as isolated bilateral inferior cerebellar hemorrhage. Clinicians should be vigilant of the risk factors for RCH, closely monitoring patients' clinical symptoms and neuroimaging findings to determine the need for specialized treatment. Furthermore, this case highlights the importance of ensuring the safety of LPs and managing any potential complications appropriately.
Log odds of positive lymph nodes as a novel prognostic predictor for gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Yiding , Wu Guiling , Liu Jinqiang , Zhang Yujie , Yang Wanli , Wang Xiaoqian , Duan Lili , Niu Liaoran , Chen Junfeng , Zhou Wei , Han Weili , Wang Jing , Zhong Helun , Ji Gang , Fan Daiming , Hong Liu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the predictive and prognostic ability of the log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS) staging system and compare it with pathological N (pN) classification and the ratio-based lymph node system (rN) for the overall survival (OS) of gastric cancer (GC).

Methods
Through a systematic review till March 7, 2022, we identified population-based studies that reported the prognostic effects of LODDS in patients with GC. We compare the predictive effectiveness of the LODDS staging system with that of the rN and pN classification systems for the OS of GC.

Results
Twelve studies comprising 20,312 patients were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The results showed that LODDS1, LODDS2, LODDS3, and LODDS4 in GC patients were correlated with poor OS compared with LODDS0 (LODDS1 vs. LODDS0: HR = 1.62, 95% CI (1.42, 1.85); LODDS2 vs. LODDS0: HR = 2.47, 95% CI (2.02, 3.03); LODDS3 vs. LODDS0: HR = 3.15, 95% CI (2.50, 3.97); LODDS4 vs. LODDS0: HR = 4.55, 95% CI (3.29, 6.29)). Additionally, significant differences in survival were observed among patients with different LODDS classifications (all P-values were < 0.001) with the same rN and pN classifications. Meanwhile, for patients with different pN or rN classifications with the same LODDS classification, prognosis was highly similar.

Conclusion
The findings show that LODDS is correlated with the prognosis of GC patients and is superior to the pN and rN classifications for prognostic assessment.
BMI and perceived weight on suicide attempts in Korean adolescents: findings from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey (KYRBS) 2020 to 2021
Authors: Kim Byungmi , Kim Hyo-Seon , Park Sunhee , Kwon Jeoung A 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundSuicide is a leading cause of death in South Korea (hereafter ‘Korea’), and there is evidence that body weight and perceived weight affecting suicide have a significant effect on suicidal behavior in adolescence. This study investigated the association between body mass index (BMI), perceived weight, and suicide attempts in adolescents.MethodsWe included nationally representative data for a total of 106,320 students in our final analysis. We calculated and stratified BMI (underweight, normal weight, overweight) to determine the correlation between BMI and suicide attempts. We stratified the participants into three groups (perceived as underweight, normal weight, and overweight) for subjective body weight perception to analyze the relationship between subjective body weight perception and suicide attempts. We further analyzed the combination of BMI and subjective body weight perception to determine the relationship between suicide attempts and distorted subjective weight perception.ResultsCompared with perceiving oneself as having a normal weight, the odds ratios (ORs) for suicide attempts were significantly increased in the group perceiving themselves as overweight. In addition, those who perceived themselves as overweight but were underweight according to their BMI were at significantly increased risk of suicide attempts relative to those who perceived themselves as about the right weight.ConclusionsThere was a significant association with suicide attempts in the underweight and perceived overweight group. This shows the importance of combining BMI and perceived weight when examining the relationship between weight and suicide attempts in adolescents.
The importance of developing palliative care quality indicators for the prison setting: why now, and next steps
Authors: Schaefer Isabelle , Heneka Nicole , DiGiacomo Michelle , Panozzo Stacey , Phillips Jane L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPalliative care is increasingly important in the prison setting, but information about the quality and accessibility of this care is extremely limited. Developing and implementing standardised quality indicators will provide transparency, accountability, and a platform for quality improvement at both local and national levels.
Children with palliative care needs in Papua New Guinea, and perspectives from their parents and health care workers: a qualitative study
Authors: Watch Villa , Anga Gwenda , Kilalang Cornelia , Pulsan Francis , Vince John D , Duke Trevor 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Introduction
The World Health Organisation defines paediatric palliative care (PPC) as caring for the child’s body, mind, and spirit, and giving support to the family. In life-limiting conditions it is important that palliative support can be provided even when curative attempts are being utilised. In Papua New Guinea, as in other low- and middle-income countries there is a lack of services and training on PPC. This study aims to describe the characteristics of children with palliative care needs and to assess the perspectives of their parents and health care workers.

Methods
A descriptive qualitative study was carried out over 5 months in 2022 at the Port Moresby General Hospital children’s wards. Clinical information was gathered from the admission charts of children with life threatening and life limiting conditions and a recorded interview was carried out with the children’s parents. A focus group interview with 10 experienced nurses caring for these children was video recorded. The recorded interviews were subjected to thematic analysis.

Results
Twenty children and their parents were included in this study. Nine had a cancer diagnosis and 11 had a chronic progressive condition. The common clinical characteristics of children with palliative care needs were pain (n = 9) and shortness of breath (n = 9), and most children had more than one symptom. Several themes were identified in the parent interviews. Most parents could not name their child’s diagnosis, but they were able to correctly describe their child’s condition using their own terms. Most parents felt involved in their child’s management and were satisfied with the care provided. Parents were psychologically affected by their child’s situation but were hopeful that God and the medicines would heal their child. Ten nurses were involved in a focus-group interview. Most nurses’ understanding of palliative care was from experience not from formal training, but most felt confident in identifying the physical, emotional, and spiritual needs of the children. Understanding of analgesia was limited, as was the availability of appropriate medications included in the WHO Analgesic Ladder.

Conclusion
There is a need for a systematic approach to palliative care in Papua New Guinea. Palliative care can be integrated into an overall approach to quality of paediatric care. It is relevant to a broad section of children with severe chronic or malignant conditions and can be carried out with limited resources. It does require some resources, further training and education, and increased provision of basic drugs for symptom control.
The relationship of PrEP beliefs to perceived personal, interpersonal and structural benefits and barriers to PrEP use in women who inject drugs
Authors: Paulus Kirsten , Kelly Patrick J.A. , Brajuha Jesse , D’Avanzo Paul , Dauria Emily F. , Trainor Aurora , Alrez Annabelle , Bass Sarah Bauerle 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Women who inject drugs (WWID) have significant biological, behavioral, and gender-based barriers to accessing HIV prevention services, including Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) medication. Little is known about how beliefs about PrEP impact both perceived barriers and benefits of PrEP use and how they may be related to the decision-making process.

Methods
Surveys were conducted with 100 female clients of a large syringe services program in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The sample was categorized into three groups based on mean PrEP beliefs scores using terciles: accurate beliefs, moderately accurate beliefs, and inaccurate beliefs. Oneway ANOVA tests were used to compare groups by perceived benefits and barriers to PrEP, drug use stigma, healthcare beliefs, patient self-advocacy, and intention to use PrEP.

Results
Participants had a mean age of 39 years (SD 9.00), 66% reported being White, 74% finished high school, and 80% reported having been homeless within the past 6 months. Those with the most accurate PrEP beliefs reported highest intent to use PrEP and were more likely to agree that benefits of PrEP included it preventing HIV and helping them “feel in charge”. Those with inaccurate beliefs were more likely to strongly agree that barriers, such as fear of reprisal from a partner, potential theft, or feeling they “might get HIV anyway”, were reasons not to use PrEP.

Conclusions
Results indicate perceived personal, interpersonal and structural barriers to PrEP use are associated with accuracy of beliefs is, pointing to important intervention targets to increase uptake among WWID.
Moderators of the cost-effectiveness of transdiagnostic CBT for anxiety disorders over an 8-month time horizon using a net-benefit regression framework
Authors: Chapdelaine Alexandra , Vasiliadis Helen-Maria , Provencher Martin D. , Norton Peter J. , Roberge Pasquale 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAccess to evidence-based psychological treatment is a concern in many parts of the globe due to government-level financial constraints and patient-level barriers. Transdiagnostic cognitive behavioural therapy (tCBT) is an effective treatment approach that uses a single protocol for anxiety disorders which could enhance the dissemination of evidence-based psychotherapy. In a context of limited resources, the study of treatment moderators can allow to identify subgroups for which the cost-effectiveness of an intervention differs, information that could impact decision-making. So far, there has been no economic evaluation of tCBT for different subpopulations. The objectives of this study, using the net-benefit regression framework, were to explore clinical and sociodemographic factors as potential moderators of the cost-effectiveness of tCBT compared to treatment-as-usual (TAU).MethodsThis is a secondary data analysis of a pragmatic randomized controlled trial opposing tCBT added to TAU (n = 117) to TAU only (n = 114). Data on costs from the health system and the limited societal perspectives, as well as anxiety-free days, an effectiveness measure based on the Beck Anxiety Inventory, were collected over an 8-month time horizon and used to derive individual net-benefits. The net-benefit regression framework was used to assess moderators of the cost-effectiveness of tCBT + TAU as opposed to TAU alone. Variables of sociodemographic and clinical nature were assessed.ResultsResults showed that the number of comorbid anxiety disorders significantly moderated the cost-effectiveness of tCBT + TAU compared to TAU from the limited societal perspective.ConclusionsThe number of comorbid anxiety disorders was identified as a moderator affecting the cost-effectiveness of tCBT + TAU compared to TAU from the limited societal perspective. More research is needed to strengthen the case of tCBT from an economic standpoint for large-scale dissemination.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02811458, 23/06/2016
Which value aspects are relevant for the evaluation of medical devices? Exploring stakeholders’ views through a Web-Delphi process
Authors: Freitas Liliana , Vieira Ana C. L. , Oliveira Mónica D. , Monteiro Helena , Bana e Costa Carlos A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Implementation and uptake of health technology assessment for evaluating medical devices require including aspects that different stakeholders consider relevant, beyond cost and effectiveness. However, the involvement of stakeholders in sharing their views still needs to be improved.

Objective
This article explores the relevance of distinct value aspects for evaluating different types of medical devices according to stakeholders' views.

Methods
Thirty-four value aspects collected through literature review and expert validation were the input for a 2-round Web-Delphi process. In the Web-Delphi, a panel of participants from five stakeholders’ groups (healthcare professionals, buyers and policymakers, academics, industry, and patients and citizens) judged the relevance of each aspect, by assigning a relevance-level (‘Critical’, ‘Fundamental’, ‘Complementary’, or ‘Irrelevant’), for two types of medical devices separately: ‘Implantable’ and ‘In vitro tests based on biomarkers’. Opinions were analysed at the panel and group level, and similarities across devices were identified.

Results
One hundred thirty-four participants completed the process. No aspects were considered ‘Irrelevant’, neither for the panel nor for stakeholder groups, in both types of devices. The panel considered effectiveness and safety-related aspects ‘Critical’ (e.g., ‘Adverse events for the patient’), and costs-related aspects ‘Fundamental’ (e.g., ‘Cost of the medical device’). Several additional aspects not included in existing frameworks’ literature, e.g., related to environmental impact and devices’ usage by the healthcare professional, were deemed as relevant by the panel. A moderate to substantial agreement across and within groups was observed.

Conclusion
Different stakeholders agree on the relevance of including multiple aspects in medical devices’ evaluation. This study produces key information to inform the development of frameworks for valuing medical devices, and to guide evidence collection.
Current and prospective strategies for advancing the targeted delivery of CRISPR/Cas system via extracellular vesicles
Authors: Huang Xiaowen , Li Aifang , Xu Peng , Yu Yangfan , Li Shuxuan , Hu Lina , Feng Shuying 
Published: June 2023

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising platform for gene delivery owing to their natural properties and phenomenal functions, being able to circumvent the significant challenges associated with toxicity, problematic biocompatibility, and immunogenicity of the standard approaches. These features are of particularly interest for targeted delivery of the emerging clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems. However, the current efficiency of EV-meditated transport of CRISPR/Cas components remains insufficient due to numerous exogenous and endogenous barriers. Here, we comprehensively reviewed the current status of EV-based CRISPR/Cas delivery systems. In particular, we explored various strategies and methodologies available to potentially improve the loading capacity, safety, stability, targeting, and tracking for EV-based CRISPR/Cas system delivery. Additionally, we hypothesise the future avenues for the development of EV-based delivery systems that could pave the way for novel clinically valuable gene delivery approaches, and may potentially bridge the gap between gene editing technologies and the laboratory/clinical application of gene therapies.
Graphical Abstract
Aging and chronic inflammation: highlights from a multidisciplinary workshop
Authors: Saavedra Danay , Añé-Kourí Ana Laura , Barzilai Nir , Caruso Calogero , Cho Kyung-Hyun , Fontana Luigi , Franceschi Claudio , Frasca Daniela , Ledón Nuris , Niedernhofer Laura J. , Pereira Karla , Robbins Paul D. , Silva Alexa , Suarez Gisela M. , Berghe Wim Vanden , von Zglinicki Thomas , Pawelec Graham , Lage Agustín 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAging is a gradual, continuous series of natural changes in biological, physiological, immunological, environmental, psychological, behavioral, and social processes. Aging entails changes in the immune system characterized by a decrease in thymic output of naïve lymphocytes, an accumulated chronic antigenic stress notably caused by chronic infections such as cytomegalovirus (CMV), and immune cell senescence with acquisition of an inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). For this reason, and due to the SASP originating from other tissues, aging is commonly accompanied by low-grade chronic inflammation, termed “inflammaging”. After decades of accumulating evidence regarding age-related processes and chronic inflammation, the domain now appears mature enough to allow an integrative reinterpretation of old data. Here, we provide an overview of the topics discussed in a recent workshop “Aging and Chronic Inflammation” to which many of the major players in the field contributed. We highlight advances in systematic measurement and interpretation of biological markers of aging, as well as their implications for human health and longevity and the interventions that can be envisaged to maintain or improve immune function in older people.
Combined pelvic and acetabular injuries: clinical features and treatment strategies of a unique injury pattern
Authors: Li Renjie , Zhao Peishuai , Guan Jianzhong , Wang Xiaopan , Liu Leyu , Wu Min 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo explore the clinical characteristics of patients with unstable pelvic fractures combined with acetabular fractures and to discuss the treatment strategies for such patients to help guide treatment.MethodsWe retrospectively assessed 24 patients admitted to our hospital from June 2018 to June 2022 with unstable pelvic fractures combined with acetabular fractures, including 15 male patients and 9 female patients with a mean age of 44.8 years. According to the Tile pelvic fracture classification, 15 cases were type B, and 9 cases were type C. The acetabular fractures were classified using the Letournel–Judet classification. There were 8 transverse fractures, 4 transverse and posterior wall fractures, 3 anterior and posterior hemitransverse fractures, 6 both-column fractures, 2 T-shaped fractures and 1 anterior column fracture. We recorded the cause of the patient's injury and vital signs on admission and assessed the patient's treatment strategy and prognosis.ResultsAll patients completed the surgery successfully, and the follow-up ranged from 6 to 42 months, with a mean of 23 months. The healing time for pelvic fractures ranged from 11 to 21 weeks, with a mean of 14.8 weeks, and the postoperative displacement of the posterior pelvic ring ranged from 1.2 to 9.0 mm, with a mean of 3.5 mm. The final clinical outcome at follow-up was evaluated using the Majeed scale: excellent in 11 cases, good in 10 cases and fair in 3 cases; the excellent rate was 87.5%. The time to healing of the acetabular fracture ranged from 13 to 25 weeks, with a mean of 15.9 weeks, and the postoperative displacement of the acetabular fracture ranged from 0.6 to 5.2 mm, with a mean of 1.9 mm. Hip function was assessed at the final follow-up using a modified Merle D’ Aubigné and Postel scale: there were 9 excellent, 11 good and 4 acceptable scores; an excellent rate of 83.3% was achieved.ConclusionPatients with unstable pelvic fractures combined with acetabular fractures suffer severe trauma and complex mechanisms of injury. Treatment needs to be individualized, taking into account the patient's physiological status, fracture classification and degree of displacement.