bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tolerability, safety and pharmacodynamics of oral, small‐molecule glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist danuglipron for type 2 diabetes: A 12‐week, randomized, placebo‐controlled, Phase 2 study comparing different dose‐escalation schemes
Authors: Saxena Aditi R. , Frias Juan P. , Gorman Donal N. , Lopez Rene N. , Andrawis Nabil , Tsamandouras Nikolaos , Birnbaum Morris J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimTo evaluate the tolerability, safety and pharmacodynamics of different dose‐escalation schemes of the oral small‐molecule glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor (GLP‐1R) agonist danuglipron.Materials and MethodsThis Phase 2a, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group study randomly assigned adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) treated with metformin to placebo or danuglipron (low [5‐mg] or high [10‐mg] starting dose, with 1‐ or 2‐week dose‐escalation steps, to target doses of 80, 120 or 200 mg twice daily [BID]) and adults with obesity without diabetes to placebo or danuglipron 200 mg BID.ResultsParticipants with T2D (n = 123, mean glycated haemoglobin [HbA1c] 8.19%) or obesity without diabetes (n = 28, mean body mass index 37.3 kg/m2) were randomly assigned and treated. Discontinuation from study medication occurred in 27.3% to 72.7% of participants across danuglipron groups versus 16.7% to 18.8% for placebo, most often due to adverse events. Nausea (20.0%‐47.6% of participants across danuglipron groups vs. 12.5% for placebo) and vomiting (18.2%‐40.9% danuglipron vs. 12.5% placebo, respectively) were most commonly reported in participants with T2D. Gastrointestinal adverse events were generally related to danuglipron target dose and were not substantially affected by starting dose. In participants with T2D, least squares mean changes from baseline in HbA1c (−1.04% to −1.57% across danuglipron groups vs. −0.32% for placebo), fasting plasma glucose (−23.34 mg/dL to −53.94 mg/dL danuglipron vs. −13.09 mg/dL placebo) and body weight (−1.93 to −5.38 kg danuglipron vs. −0.42 kg placebo) at Week 12 were generally statistically significant for danuglipron compared with placebo (P < 0.05).ConclusionsDanuglipron resulted in statistically significant reductions in HbA1c, FPG and body weight over 12 weeks, in the setting of higher discontinuation rates and incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events with higher target doses.Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT04617275.
Neighbourhood‐level social deprivation and the risk of recurrent heart failure hospitalizations in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Deo Salil V. , Al‐Kindi Sadeer , Motairek Issam , Elgudin Yakov E. , Gorodeski Eiran , Nasir Khurram , Rajagopalan Sanjay , Petrie Mark C. , Sattar Naveed 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe importance of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) in heart failure hospitalizations (HFH) is acknowledged. As information on the prevalence and influence of social deprivation on HFH is limited, we studied this issue in a racially diverse cohort.MethodsLinking data from US Veterans with stable T2D (without prevalent HF) with a zip‐code derived population‐level social deprivation index (SDI), we grouped them according to increasing SDI as follows: SDI: group I: ≤20; II: 21‐40; III: 41‐60; IV: 61‐80; and V (most deprived) 81‐100. Over a 10‐year follow‐up period, we identified the total (first and recurrent) number of HFH episodes for each patient and calculated the age‐adjusted HFH rate [per 1000 patient‐years (PY)]. We analysed the incident rate ratio between SDI groups and HFH using adjusted analyses.ResultsIn 1 012 351 patients with T2D (mean age 67.5 years, 75.7% White), the cumulative incidence of first HFH was 9.4% and 14.2% in SDI groups I and V respectively. The 10‐year total HFH rate was 54.8 (95% CI: 54.5, 55.2)/1000 PY. Total HFH increased incrementally from SDI group I [43.3 (95% CI: 42.4, 44.2)/1000 PY] to group V [68.6 (95% CI: 67.8, 69.9)/1000 PY]. Compared with group I, group V patients had a 53% higher relative risk of HFH. The negative association between SDI and HFH was stronger in Black patients (SDI × Race pinteraction < .001).ConclusionsSocial deprivation is associated with increased HFH in T2D with a disproportionate influence in Black patients. Strategies to reduce social disparity and equalize racial differences may help to bridge this gap.
Dewey, Experience, and Education for Democracy: A Reconstructive Discussion
Authors: Lind Andreas Reichelt 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this article, Andreas Reichelt Lind explores the possibilities of a Deweyan account of education for democracy. To that end, an account emphasizing democratic habit formation, direct experience of democracy as a way of life, and the distinction between being and becoming is explicated and discussed. Lind shows how these elements together point to the issue of designing educational environments and then discusses in a preliminary way the implications of this insight from the perspective of education for democracy. The article's contribution is twofold. First, it explicitly contributes to a reconstruction of Dewey in relation to the issue of educating for democracy. This represents a reframing of his writings. Second, it highlights and discusses some theoretical implications of the possibilities inherent in the Deweyan account of education for democracy.
Four ways to define the growing season
Authors: Körner Christian , Möhl Patrick , Hiltbrunner Erika 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWhat is addressed asgrowing seasonin terrestrial ecosystems is one of the main determinants of annual plant biomass production globally. However, there is no well‐defined concept behind. Here, we show different facets of what might be termed growing season, each with a distinct meaning: (1) the time period during which a plant or a part of it actually grows and produces new tissue, irrespective of net carbon gain (growing season sensu stricto). (2) The period defined by developmental, that is, phenological markers (phenological season). (3) The period during which vegetation as a whole achieves its annual net primary production (NPP) or a net ecosystem production (NEP), expressed as net carbon gain (productive season) and (4) the period during which plants could potentially grow based on meteorological criteria (meteorological season). We hypothesize that the duration of such a ‘window of opportunity’ is a strong predictor for NPP at a global scale, especially for forests. These different definitions have implications for the understanding and modelling of plant growth and biomass production. The common view that variation in phenology is a proxy for variation in productivity is misleading, often resulting in unfounded statements on potential consequences of climatic warming such as carbon sequestration.
Angiogenesis and flap‐related research: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Tong Xiao‐Fei , Xiao Zhen‐Yang , Li Pei‐Ting , Liu Xin , Wang Ming‐Zhu , Wen Shi‐Yi , Wang Na , Liao Shenghui , Zhou Jian‐Da 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAdequate blood supply, a prerequisite for flap survival after grafting, makes angiogenesis of the flap the biggest problem to be solved. Researches have been conducted around vascularisation in correlation with flap grafting. However, bibliometric analyses systematically examining this research field are lacking. As such, we herein sought to conduct comprehensive comparative analyses of the contributions of different researchers, institutions, and countries to this research space in an effort to identify trends and hotspots in angiogenesis and vascularisation in the context of flap grafting. Publications pertaining to angiogenesis and vascularisation in the context of flap grafting were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. References were then analysed and plotted using Microsoft Excel 2019, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace V. In total, 2234 papers that were cited 40 048 times (17.63 citations/paper) were included in this analysis. The greatest number of studies were from the United States, with these studies exhibiting both the highest number of citations (13 577) and the greatest overall H‐index (60). For The institutions that published the greatest number of studies were WENZHOU MEDICAL UNIVERSITY (681), while UNIVERSITY OF ERLANGEN NUREMBERG has the highest number of citations (1458), and SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY holds the greatest overall H‐index (20). The greatest number of studies in this research space were published by Gao WY, while Horch RE was the most commonly cited researcher in the field. The VOS viewer software clustered relevant keywords into three clusters, with clusters 1, 2, 3, and 4 corresponding to studies in which the keywords ‘anatomy’, ‘survival’, ‘transplantation’, ‘therapy’ most frequently appeared. The most promising research hotspot‐related terms in this field included ‘autophagy’, ‘oxidative stress’, ‘ischemia/reperfusion injury’, which exhibited a most recent average appearing year (AAY) of 2017 and after. Generally speaking, the results of this analysis indicate that the number of articles exploring angiogenesis and flap‐related research has risen steadily, with the United States and China being the two countries publishing the greatest proportion of studies in this field. The overall focus of these studies has shifted away from ‘infratest and tissue engineering’ towards ‘mechanisms’. In the future, particular attention should be paid to emerging research hotspots, which include ‘ischemia/reperfusion injury’ and treatments for promoting vascularization, such as ‘platelet‐rich plasma’. In light of these findings, funding agencies should continue increasing their investment in the exploration of the concrete mechanisms and interventional therapeutic relevance of angiogenesis during flap transplantation.
Thermal conductivity of Ca α‐SiAlON ceramics with varying m and n values
Authors: Zhang Shijia , Zhang Jie , Li Fei , Du Songmo , Chen Zhanglin , Zhao Shuo , KL Smirnov , Chen Kexin , Liu Guanghua 
Published: June 2023

Abstractα‐SiAlON is well known for its excellent mechanical properties, but its thermal properties are less investigated. In this work, we investigate the thermal conductivity of Ca α‐SiAlON ceramics with varying m and n values and prepared samples by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1600°C or gas pressure sintering (GPS) at 1800°C and 1900°C. The prepared Ca α‐SiAlON ceramics showed thermal conductivities ranging from 4.6 to 10.7 W/(mK) at 25°C. It was found that the thermal conductivity of the α‐SiAlON samples could be reduced by increasing either m or n or both. Besides, the samples prepared by SPS had lower thermal conductivity compared with those by GPS due to their smaller grain size, and the effect of m and n would be minor after m reached 2. These results provide basic knowledge for tuning α‐SiAlON's thermal conductivity for applications concerning thermal management.
Untangling a complex skein on ward round terminologies, purposes, and main features through a rapid review
Authors: Bayram Aysun , Chiappinotto Stefania , Mansutti Irene , Palese Alvisa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAim(s)To increase conceptual clarity in the field of nursing regarding terms, purposes, and main features of rounding as investigated to date.DesignA Rapid Review according to the Cochrane Rapid Reviews Protocol.Review MethodsThese were: (a) set the research question; (b) establish the study eligibility criteria; (c) search the databases; (d) select the studies; (e) extract the data; (f) assess the risk of bias; and (g) provide a synthesis using three methodologies, namely a qualitative content analysis, a thematic and a framework synthesis.Data SourcesMEDLINE (PubMed), Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health databases and grey literature from 2014 to 2022.ResultsA total of 72 studies were included; 88 different terminologies are used to describe the rounding from one up to five words. “Preparing the care by ensuring an effective care plan, team and environment”, “Delivering tailored and timely nursing care” and “Promoting the quality of care” are the three main purposes of the rounding, including several specific aims. Regarding the main features, these emerged from highly structured/prescriptive to low structured/prescriptive approaches to rounding intervention.ConclusionThe word “round” alone seems to be not sufficient to communicate and describe the intervention, suggesting that this field of research is entering within the complex intervention framework. The different aims of the rounding have been conceptually categorized into three main purposes whereas the intervention features may range from simple to very complex, where several options regarding who to involve, how and when to deliver are expressed.Implications for the profession and/or patient careThis rapid review followed by three data analysis methodologies have resulted in three main frameworks that may be useful to address the research, the clinical practice and the education regarding the terminologies, the different purposes and the main features of the rounding.No Patient or Public Contribution.No Patient or Public ContributionThere was no patient or public contribution in the conduct of this study.
‘Everything's adaptable’: A qualitative study of how nurses make decisions in sustained home‐visiting care with mothers and children experiencing adversity
Authors: Kanda Kie , Blythe Stacy , Grace Rebekah , Elcombe Emma , Rodgers Kim , Kemp Lynn 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimsTo explore nurse decision‐making processes in the delivery of sustained home‐visiting care for mothers of young children who are experiencing adversity.DesignQualitative descriptive research design using focus group interviews.MethodsThirty‐two home‐visiting nurses participated in four focus group interviews exploring their decision‐making in the care they provide to families. The data were analysed using a reflexive thematic analysis approach.ResultsFour steps of a recurring stepwise decision‐making process were identified: (1) information gathering; (2) exploring; (3) implementing; (4) checking. The facilitators and barriers to effective decision‐making processes were also identified and included elements relating to good relationship skills, a good attitude, high quality training and mentoring and resources.ConclusionThe findings indicate that a recurring stepwise process of decision‐making requires both analytical and intuitive approaches. The intuition required by home‐visiting nurses is to sense unvoiced client needs and identify the right time and way to intervene. The nurses were engaged in adapting the care in response to the client's unique needs while ensuring the fidelity of the programme scope and standards. We recommend creating an enabling working environment with cross‐disciplinary team members and having well‐developed structures, particularly the feedback systems such as clinical supervision and case reviews. Enhanced skills to establish trusting relationships with clients can help home‐visiting nurses make effective decisions with mothers and families, particularly in the face of significant risk.ImpactThis study explored nurse decision‐making processes in the context of sustained home‐visiting care, which has been largely unexplored in the research literature. Understanding the effective decision‐making processes, particularly when nurses customize or individualize the care in response to the client's unique needs, assists with the development of strategies for precision home‐visiting care. The identification of facilitators and barriers informs approaches designed to support nurses in effective decision‐making.
Examining the validity of the Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System (D‐KEFS) in traumatic brain injury
Authors: Hacker David , Jones Christopher A. , Chan Yin Ming , Yasin Eyrsa , Clowes Zoe , Belli Antonio , Cooper Julian , Bose Deepa , Hawkins Andrew , Davies Holly , Paton Emily 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study examines the validity of the Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System (D‐KEFS) in a traumatic brain injury (TBI) population compared to participants with orthopaedic injuries and normative controls. The utility of the D‐KEFS was examined using a between groups design. One hundred patients with mild uncomplicated to severe TBI were recruited from a consecutive cohort of patients admitted as inpatients to a UK Major Trauma Centre and compared to 823 participants from the D‐KEFS normative sample and 26 participants with orthopaedic injuries. Data were filtered for performance validity. Sample discrimination was calculated from D‐KEFS subtest scores and derived index scores. Sensitivity to TBI severity was established. The TBI participants performed significantly lower on the D‐KEFS Trail Making Test, Colour Word Interference, Colour Word Switching, Letter Fluency and Verbal Fluency Category Switching Total Words Correct. The D‐KEFS index scores discriminated between TBI, orthopaedic and normative participants with large and moderate effect sizes, respectively. The D‐KEFS demonstrated a dose–response relationship with TBI severity. These effects were robust to differences in premorbid intellectual functioning; however, D‐KEFS performance was sensitive to performance on tests of mental processing speed. The use of a D‐KEFS index score provides a robust and reliable discrimination of TBI patients from healthy control participants. This discrimination is not accounted for by premorbid intellect or the non‐specific effects of trauma. The clinical and conceptual implications of these findings are considered.
Imbalance and lower limb tremor in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy
Authors: Silsby Matthew , Yiannikas Con , Fois Alessandro F. , Ng Karl , Kiernan Matthew C. , Fung Victor S. C. , Vucic Steve 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsImbalance is a prominent symptom of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP). Although upper limb tremor in CIDP is described, lower limb tremor has not been assessed. The aim of this study was to determine whether lower limb tremor was present in CIDP and assess potential relationships with imbalance.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional observational study of prospectively recruited consecutive patients with typical CIDP (N = 25). Clinical phenotyping, lower limb nerve conduction and tremor studies, and posturography analyses were performed. The Berg Balance Scale (BBS) divided CIDP patients into those with “good” and “poor” balance.ResultsLower limb tremor was evident in 32% of CIDP patients and associated with poor balance (BBSTremor 35 [23–46], BBSNo Tremor 52 [44–55], p = .035). Tremor frequency was 10.2–12.5 Hz with legs outstretched and on standing, apart from four patients with a lower frequency tremor (3.8–4.6 Hz) while standing. Posturography analysis revealed a high‐frequency spectral peak in the vertical axis in 44% of CIDP patients (16.0 ± 0.4 Hz). This was more likely in those with “good” balance (40% vs. 4%, p = .013).InterpretationLower limb tremor is present in one third of CIDP patients and is associated with poor balance. A high‐frequency peak on posturography is associated with better balance in CIDP. Lower limb tremor and posturography assessments could serve as important biomarkers of balance in a clinical setting.
Deformation characteristics of hydrogel products based on cross‐linked hyaluronic acid
Authors: Hong Gi‐Woong , Moon Hyoung Jin , Lee Hun Min , Kim Do Kyung , Lee Keyong Ho 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe cross‐linked hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers are the viscoelastic hydrogel with a dominant elasticity rather than a viscosity as a useful medical device in the soft tissue augmentation. These HA fillers undergo deformation to begin the biodegradation by the biochemical and physical environment of the body, and result of deformations are closely related to clinical performance.AimsThe specific equation of molding index is newly generated and proved with Collin's equation, which is used for strong elastomers, for selecting optimal product in facial treatment.MethodsIn this study, the results of amplitude sweep test from five marketed HA fillers were mathematically demonstrated for the proper clinical application.ResultsThe increment of loss modulus by deformation was evaluated as a useful factor for the maintenance of optimal shape molding performance and resistance to external deformation of the cross‐linked HA gel. From this study, the equation of molding index for weak viscoelastic hydrogels like HA products can be applied for choosing which products even in aesthetic plastic field. This molding index equation is compared to Collins' equation that index of deformation as elastomer like rubber and then found the positive correlation between two equations.ConclusionThis study could provide a basic theory that achieve useful clinical performance according to characteristics among many types of medical devices based on the molding index.
Behavioral adjustment moderates the effect of neuroticism on brain volume relative to intracranial volume
Authors: Yu Qinggang , Schaefer Stacey M. , Davidson Richard J. , Kitayama Shinobu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe present study examined whether the effect of neuroticism on brain structure is moderated by behavioral adjustment.BackgroundNeuroticism is widely thought to be harmful to health. However, recent work using proinflammatory biomarkers showed that this effect depends on behavioral adjustment, the willingness and ability to adjust and cope with environmental contingencies, such as different opinions of others or unpredictable life situations. Here, we sought to extend this observation to “brain health” by testing total brain volume (TBV).MethodUsing a community sample of 125 Americans, we examined structural magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and quantified TBV. We tested whether the effect of neuroticism on TBV was moderated by behavioral adjustment, net of intracranial volume, age, sex, educational achievement, and race.ResultsBehavioral adjustment significantly moderated the effect of neuroticism on TBV, such that neuroticism was associated with lower TBV only when behavioral adjustment was low. There was no such effect when behavioral adjustment was high.ConclusionThe present findings suggest that neuroticism is not debilitating to those who constructively cope with stress. Implications are further discussed.
Self‐other agreement and criterion‐related validity of moral pride and hubris
Authors: Bai Feng , Lin Katrina Jia , Zhang Jessica 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis research investigates the moral implications of trait‐level moral pride and hubris, addressing prior limitations by gathering data from multiple sources. We raise two interrelated questions: (1) Do well‐acquainted peers agree with their friends on judgments of trait‐level moral pride and hubris? (2) Are moral pride and hubris related to divergent (im)moral outcomes, regardless of measurement sources?MethodWe collected data from a sample of university students and their friends (N = 173 dyads) in Hong Kong to examine self‐other agreement and criterion‐related validity of trait‐level moral pride and hubris.ResultsOur findings reveal a medium‐to‐large level of self‐other agreement for, as well as a moral divergence of, trait‐level moral pride and hubris. Notably, self‐reports of moral pride predict prosocial behavior, whereas self‐reports of moral hubris predict virtue‐signaling behavior, regardless of whether the outcomes are self‐ or other‐reported. Moreover, self‐reports trump other‐reports in predicting some outcomes, but the reverse is true for other outcomes.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that individuals' proneness to experience morally specific pride and hubris constitutes “real” traits, evoking divergent (im)moral outcomes. Furthermore, self‐ and other‐reports each contain some unique trait‐relevant information, with their relative predictive power depending on the specific predictor and outcome.