bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatalism and knowledge associated to diabetes mellitus type 2 risk perception in Mexican population during COVID-19 confinement
Authors: Mendoza-Catalán Geu , Álvarez Aguirre Alicia , Domínguez Chávez Claudia Jennifer , Tolentino Ferrel María del Rosario , Villa Rueda Alma Angélica , Guzmán Ortiz Elizabeth 
Published: July 2023

Background: People with fatalistic beliefs and lack of knowledge of healthy lifestyles tend to show conformism and resignation due to their state of health. Even people with fatalism consider that contracting a disease is divine punishment, and this is reflected when they perform in unhealthy behaviours. The relationship between fatalistic beliefs, knowledge about diabetes risk factors, and perception of diabetes risk in Mexican adults during the COVID-19 pandemic were evaluated. Methods: The study design was cross-sectional and correlational. The study included individuals between 30 and 70 years of age, from a rural community in Guanajuato, Mexico. The data collection was done electronically. Results: The average age was 29.2 years (SD = 10.5), 55% were women, 52.3% were single, 36.2% had university studies and 57.3% were working. Perceived DMT2 risk was inversely related to fatalistic beliefs. Knowledge level was positively correlated to DMT2 risk perception. In multiple linear regression, pessimism and divine control dimensions were the only predictors of DMT2 risk perception. Conclusions: In young adults, knowledge increases regarding DMT2 risk perception. But the higher the fatalistic beliefs the lower the level of knowledge and the lower the perception of DMT2 risk.
Influence of smoking on the healing of conservatively treated displaced midshaft clavicle fractures
Authors: Dietrich Gilles , Terrier Alexandre , Favre Melissa , Elmers Jolanda , Stockton Laurie , Soppelsa Dino , Cherix Stéphane , Vauclair Frederic 
Published: July 2023

AimsTobacco, in addition to being one of the greatest public health threats facing our world, is believed to have deleterious effects on bone metabolism and especially on bone healing. It has been described in the literature that patients who smoke are approximately twice as likely to develop a nonunion following a non-specific bone fracture. For clavicle fractures, this risk is unclear, as is the impact that such a complication might have on the initial management of these fractures.MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis were performed for conservatively treated displaced midshaft clavicle fractures. Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (via Cochrane Library) were searched from inception to 12 May 2022, with supplementary searches in Open Grey, ClinicalTrials.gov, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, and Google Scholar. The searches were performed without limits for publication date or languages.ResultsThe meta-analysis included eight studies, 2,285 observations, and 304 events (nonunion). The random effects model predicted a pooled risk ratio (RR) of 3.68 (95% confidence interval 1.87 to 7.23), which can be considered significant (p = 0.003). It indicates that smoking more than triples the risk of nonunion when a fracture is treated conservatively.ConclusionSmoking confers a RR of 3.68 for developing a nonunion in patients with a displaced middle third clavicle fracture treated conservatively. We know that most patients with pseudarthrosis will have pain and a poor functional outcome. Therefore, patients should be informed of the significantly higher risks of nonunion and offered smoking cessation efforts and counselling. Moreover, surgery should be considered for any patient who smokes with this type of fracture.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(7):801–807.
Are serum cobalt and chromium levels predictors for patient-reported outcome measures in the ASR hip resurfacing arthroplasty?
Authors: Koper Maarten C. , Spek Reinier W. A. , Reijman Max , van Es Eline M. , Baart Sara J. , Verhaar Jan A. N. , Bos P. K. 
Published: July 2023

AimsThe aims of this study were to determine if an increasing serum cobalt (Co) and/or chromium (Cr) concentration is correlated with a decreasing Harris Hip Score (HHS) and Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) in patients who received the Articular Surface Replacement (ASR) hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA), and to evaluate the ten-year revision rate and show if sex, inclination angle, and Co level influenced the revision rate.MethodsA total of 62 patients with an ASR-HRA were included and monitored yearly postoperatively. At follow-up, serum Co and Cr levels were measured and the HHS and the HOOS were scored. In addition, preoperative patient and implant variables and the need for revision surgery were recorded. We used a linear mixed model to relate the serum Co and Cr levels to different patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). For the survival analyses we used the Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression model.ResultsWe found that an increase of one part per billion (ppb) in serum Co and Cr levels correlated significantly with worsening of the HHS in the following year. This significant correlation was also true for the HOOS-Pain and HOOS-quality of life sub scores. The overall ten-year survival rate in our cohort was 65% (95% confidence interval (CI) 52.5 to 77.6). Cox regression analysis showed a significant hazard ratio (HR) of 1.08 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.15; p = 0.028) for serum Co level. No significance was found with sex or inclination angle.ConclusionThis study shows that increasing serum Co and Cr levels measured in patients with an ASR-HRA are predictive for deterioration in HHS and HOOS subscales in the following year. Increasing serum Co and Cr should forewarn both surgeon and patient that there is a heightened risk of failure. Continued and regular review of patients with an ASR-HRA implant by measurement of serum Co/Cr levels and PROMs remains essential.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(7):775–782.
Desmoid tumours (extra-abdominal), a surgeon’s nightmare
Authors: Borghi Alessandra , Gronchi Alessandro 
Published: July 2023

Desmoid tumours are a rare fibroblastic proliferation of monoclonal origin, arising in deep soft-tissues. Histologically, they are characterized by locally aggressive behaviour and an inability to metastasize, and clinically by a heterogeneous and unpredictable course. Desmoid tumours can occur in any anatomical site, but commonly arise in the limbs. Despite their benign nature, they can be extremely disabling and sometimes life-threatening, causing severe pain and functional limitations. Their surgical management is complex and challenging, due to uncertainties surrounding the biological and clinical behaviour, rarity, and limited available literature. Resection has been the first-line approach for patients with a desmoid tumour but, during the last few decades, a shift towards a more conservative approach has occurred, with an initial ‘wait and see’ policy. Many medical and regional forms of treatment are also available for the management of this condition, and others have recently emerged with promising results. However, many areas of controversy remain, and further studies and global collaboration are needed to obtain prospective and randomized data, in order to develop an appropriate shared stepwise approach.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(7):729–734.
Diet modulates host health through gut microbiota derived extracellular vesicles: A short review
Authors: Feng Xin , Luo Caiyu , Che Jianwei 
Published: July 2023

Gut microbes are involved with many host physiological processes including digestion, metabolism, immune response, gut function and behavior. Among all the factors, diet is being considered the most important one to modulate gut microbiota composition, metabolism and their metabolites. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted to the intestinal environment by gut microbes and play an essential role in gut microbe-host communication. This paper aims to review how diet affects gut microbial EVs and its composition as well as how this change further affects host health. This review summarizes the latest research progress of interaction among diet, gut microbial EVs, and host health. Through the microbiota-gut axis, gut microbial EVs involve in many physiological activities, including brain function, metabolism, gut function and immune response. It has been verified that diet composition has direct changes on gut microbial morphology and internal molecules within gut microbial EVs. Overall, studies investigating the effects of diet through gut microbial EVs on host health are very limited. Future research regarding axis of diet-gut microbial EVs-host health is recommended.
“I mean, I didn't really have a choice of anything:” How incarceration influences abortion decision‐making and precludes access in the United States
Authors: Sufrin Carolyn B. , Devon‐Williamston Ashley , Beal Lauren , Hayes Crystal M. , Kramer Camille 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo understand how the punitive, rights‐limiting, and racially stratified environment of incarceration in the United States (US) shapes the abortion desires, access, and pregnancy experiences of pregnant women, transgender men, and gender non‐binary individuals.MethodsFrom May 2018–November 2020, we conducted semi‐structured, qualitative interviews with pregnant women in prisons and jails in an abortion supportive and an abortion restrictive state. Interviews explored whether participants considered abortion for this pregnancy; attempted to obtain an abortion in custody; whether and how incarceration affected their thoughts about pregnancy, birth, parenting, and abortion; and options counseling and prenatal care experiences, or lack thereof, in custody.ResultsThe conditions of incarceration deeply shaped our 39 participants' abortion and pregnancy decisions, with some experiencing pregnancy continuation as punishment. Four themes emerged: (1) medical providers' overt obstruction of desired abortions; (2) participants assuming that incarcerated women had no right to abortion; (3) carceral bureaucracy constraining abortion access; and (4) carceral conditions made women wish they had aborted. Themes were similar in supportive and restrictive states.ConclusionsIncarceration shaped participants' thoughts about pregnancy and their abilities to access abortion, consider whether abortion was an attainable option, and make pregnancy‐related decisions. These subtle carceral control aspects presented more frequent barriers to abortion than overt logistical ones. The carceral environment played a more significant role than the state's overall abortion climate in shaping abortion experiences. Incarceration constrains and devalues reproductive wellbeing in punitive ways that are a microcosm of broader forces of reproductive control in US society.
Mode division (de)multiplexer based on transverse mode conversion in photonic crystal using asymmetric directional couplers
Authors: Chanu Soibam Aruna , Sonkar Ramesh Kumar 
Published: July 2023

Mode division multiplexing technology has the potential to increase the channel capacity of a single wavelength carrier. Attaining cost-effective high-bandwidth-density devices with small footprints is a concern, and photonic crystal based devices are promising for ultra-small on-chip communications. This paper presents a 2D photonic crystal based mode division (de)multiplexer on a silicon on insulator platform. The device comprises two coupling regions of asymmetric directional couplers that perform mode conversion operations between the fundamental mode and higher-order modes. Each coupling section is dedicated to converting a specific mode. Mode conversion is achieved by designing a multimode waveguide to satisfy the phase-matching condition of the desired mode with the single mode waveguide. Two linear adiabatic tapers are introduced for the smooth transition of modes between waveguide sections. The device is designed and simulated for three-channel modes at 1550 nm using the finite-difference time-domain technique. The obtained insertion loss and cross talk are <0.41dB and <−20.14dB, respectively. The overall size of the proposed mode division (de)multiplexer is 328.5µm2. A fabrication tolerance study for the proposed device is performed by varying the rod radius and position in the device structure’s taper and bus waveguide regions. The proposed 2D photonic crystal based mode division (de)multiplexer has the potential to be used in large-capacity optical communication systems.
The effect of body size and composition on lumbar spine trabecular bone score in morphologically diverse subjects
Authors: Malczewska-Lenczowska Jadwiga , Surała Olga , Sitkowski Dariusz , Szczepańska Beata , Zawadzki Maciej 
Published: July 2023

Aim
The trabecular bone score (TBS) is a tool for assessing bone quality and health. Current TBS algorithm corrects for body mass index (BMI), as a proxy of regional tissue thickness. However, this approach fails to consider BMI inaccuracies due to individual differences in body stature, composition and somatotype. This study investigated the relationship between TBS and body size and composition in subjects with a normal BMI, but with large morphological diversity in body fatness and height.

Methods
Young male subjects (n = 97; age 17.2±1.0 years), including ski jumpers (n = 25), volleyball players (n = 48) and non-athletes (controls n = 39), were recruited. The TBS was determined from L1-L4 dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans using TBSiNsight software.

Results
TBS correlated negatively with height and tissue thickness in the L1-L4 area in ski jumpers (r = -0.516 and r = -0.529), volleyball players (r = -0.525 and r = -0.436), and the total group (r = -0.559 and r = -0.463), respectively. Multiple regression analyses revealed that height, L1-L4 soft tissue thickness, fat mass and muscle mass were significant determinants of TBS (R2 = 0.587, p<0.001). L1-L4 soft tissue thickness explained 27% and height 14% of the TBS variance.

Conclusion
The negative association of TBS and both features suggests that a very low L1-L4 tissue thickness may lead to overestimation of the TBS, while tall stature may have the opposite effect. It seems that the utility of the TBS as a skeletal assessment tool in lean and/or tall young male subjects could be improved if tissues thickness in the lumbar spine area and stature instead of BMI were considered in the algorithm.
Food insecurity among Asian Americans: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Ro Suji , Pham Nhat-Ha , Huynh Victoria N. , Wafford Q. Eileen , Vu Milkie 
Published: July 2023

Introduction
Food insecurity is prevalent in the U.S. and is associated with deleterious health, behavioral, and social consequences. Food insecurity is currently addressed largely through public and private food assistance programs (e.g., the Supplementary Nutrition Assistance Program, and food pantries). A body of research has explored racial and ethnic disparities and differences in food insecurity and coping strategies. However, limited literature has explored these experiences among Asian Americans and Asian origin groups in the United States.

Objective
The aim of this review is to establish what is known about the experience of food insecurity and nutrition program participation in the Asian American population and among Asian origin groups and to suggest further research and policy action to better address food insecurity in this population.

Methods
Our review is guided by the methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley and refined and outlined by Levac and colleagues and the Joanna Briggs Institute. We will search key terms related to food insecurity and Asian Americans in Medline (Ovid), the Cochrane Library (Wiley), CINAHL Plus with Full Text (Ebsco), PsycINFO (Ebsco), and Scopus (Elsevier). An article will be included if it was published in the English language; is a peer reviewed research manuscript and reports primary research findings from analyses; and describes food insecurity or strategies to cope with food insecurity among individuals of Asian origins living in the U.S. An article will be excluded if it is a book, conference proceedings, or grey literature (e.g., thesis or dissertation); is a commentary, editorial, or opinion piece without primary research data; contains only research conducted outside of the U.S.; includes Asians in the sample but does not provide separate data on food insecurity or strategies to cope with food insecurity among Asians; and describes only dietary changes or patterns but not food insecurity. Two or more reviewers will participate in the study screening and selection process. We will record information from the final articles chosen to be included in the review in a data table template and will also prepare a summary narrative with key findings.

Expected outputs
Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. The findings from this review will be of interest to researchers and practitioners and inform further research and policy to better address food insecurity among this population.
School-based physical activity interventions among children and adolescents in the Middle East and Arabic speaking countries: A systematic review
Authors: Alalawi Abdullah , Blank Lindsay , Goyder Elizabeth 
Published: July 2023

Background
It is widely recognised that noncommunicable diseases are on the rise worldwide, partly due to insufficient levels of physical activity (PA). It is a particularly concerning health issue among children and adolescents in Arabic countries where cultural and environmental factors may limit their opportunity for engaging in physical activities.

Aim
This review sought to assess the effectiveness of school-based PA interventions for increasing PA among schoolchildren aged six to 18 years in Middle Eastern and Arabic-speaking countries.

Methods
A systematic literature search was developed to identify studies reporting the evaluation of school-based PA interventions in Arabic-speaking countries. Four different databases were searched from January 2000 to January 2023: PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus and CINAHL. Article titles and abstracts were screened for relevance. Full article scrutiny of retrieved shortlisted articles was undertaken. After citation searches and reference checking of included papers, full data extraction, quality assessment and narrative synthesis was undertaken for all articles that met the inclusion criteria. This review adhered to PRISMA guidelines for conducting systematic reviews.

Results
Seventeen articles met the inclusion criteria. Eleven articles reported statistically significant improvements in the levels of PA among their participants. Based largely on self-reported outcomes, increases in PA between 58% and 72% were reported. The studies with a follow-up period greater than three months reported sustained PA levels. There are a limited range of types of programmes evaluated and evaluations were only identified from 30% of the countries in the region. Relatively few studies focused solely on PA interventions and most of the interventions were multi-component (lifestyle, diet, education).

Conclusions
This review adds to the existing body of research about the efficacy of school-based interventions to increase physical activity levels. To date, few evaluations assess PA specific interventions and most of the interventions were multi-component including education components on lifestyle and diet. Long-term school-based interventions combined with rigorous theoretical and methodological frameworks are necessary to develop, implement and evaluate PA interventions for children and adolescents in Arabic-speaking countries. Also, future work in this area must also consider the complex systems and agents by which physical activity is influenced.
ÁCIDO TRANEXÂMICO NO TRATAMENTO DE MELASMA
Authors: Conograi Brenda , Kist Darla Juliana , Machado Karina Elisa 
Published: July 2023

O melasma é uma hipercromia adquirida, caracterizada por manchas assimétricas, de cor castanha, localizadas preferencialmente em regiões fotoexpostas, como rosto, e áreas como pescoço, colo e antebraços. O distúrbio afeta homens e mulheres de fototipos intermediários, com idade média de 30 a 55 anos, embora atinja principalmente mulheres. Sua etiologia ainda não se encontra totalmente esclarecida, mas sabe-se, que existem vários fatores envolvidos na sua formação, tais como influências genéticas, exposição à radiação ultravioleta, gravidez, terapias hormonais, cosméticos, fármacos fototóxicos, endocrinopatias, fatores emocionais e medicações anticonvulsivantes. Existem diversos tratamentos disponíveis para o melasma, sendo que para o presente artigo foi selecionado o ativo cosmético ácido tranexâmico (ATX), um fármaco hidrofílico, com peso molecular de 157,2 g/mol, encontrado em forma de pó branco cristalino que contém de 99% a 100% do ativo. O presente artigo é uma revisão bibliográfica descritiva e qualitativa e tem como objetivo analisar o potencial uso do ativo ATX no tratamento do melasma. Os resultados mostraram que o ATX exerce seu mecanismo das ações antifibrinolítico, anti-hemorrágico e despigmentante, devido à sua ligação reversível aos sítios da lisina, na molécula de plasminogênio, inibindo o ativador de plasminogênio, sendo desta forma considerado um agente clareador seguro com resultados eficazes, no tratamento do melasma e com baixos efeitos colaterais. Desta forma, conclui-se que o ATX se mostrou um ativo eficaz e seguro para o tratamento do melasma, em comparação com outros ativos despigmentantes, sendo bem tolerável e com mínimos efeitos adversos.
Spinal cord injury as a trigger for changes in the intestinal microbiota
Authors: Ivanova E. Yu. , Kirilina S. I. , Sirota V. S. , Gusev A. F. 
Published: July 2023

Objective. To analyze the peculiarities of changes in intestinal microbiota in spinal cord injury.Material and Methods. The literature search was carried out for the period of 2012–2022 in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, eLibrary and GoogleScholar databases for the following keywords: spinal cord injury, microbiota, and dysbacteriosis. Out of 220 literature sources, 40 full-text articles were selected which analyze the influence of spinal cord injury on the state of the intestinal microbiota using an innovative method of metagenomic high-throughput 16S sequencing.Results. Literature data on the pathogenesis of organ dysfunction in spinal cord injury, as well as its impact on the state of the intestinal microbiota are presented. The results of experimental and clinical studies of the intestinal microbiota in spinal cord injury and its influence on the development and course of the pathological condition are reported.Conclusion. Understanding how the intestinal microbiota changes after spinal cord injury and what role it plays in potentiating inflammation or protecting the spinal cord from secondary injury and infections is very important in determining the strategy and tactics for managing patients. Possession of methods for correcting intestinal microbiota disorders in SCI is important in the treatment of such patients.