bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, differences, and potential correlation to age, sex, breed, coat color, iris color, and geographic location in naturally occurring refractive errors in the normal equine eye from Germany and North Carolina
Authors: Charnock Lauren N. , Davidson Michael G. , Keys Deborah A. , Gilger Brian C. , McMullen Richard J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the normal refractive state in horses in NCSU and ECMR and determine the prevalence of naturally occurring refractive errors and their association with breed, age, coat color, iris color, sex, and geographic location.MethodsHorses from NCSU (January 2009–November 2012) and ECMR (January 2013–September 2016) underwent ophthalmic examination and streak retinoscopy. Location, color, breed, sex, and iris color were recorded. Gross and net refractive values for each meridian (horizontal and vertical), spherical refraction, astigmatism for both eyes, and anisometry were recorded, and statistical analyses were performed.ResultsThere is excellent agreement in refraction between the eyes of the same horse (ICC = 0.89). The median net horizontal (H), vertical (V), and spherical refraction for the total population (n = 690) were H: +0.25 D (min. −6.50 D, max. +2.34 D), V: +0.25 D (min. −7.13 D, max. +2.75D), and spherical: +0.25 D (min. −6.82 D, max. +2.17 D), all with interquartile ranges of −0.25 to 0.25 D. Emmetropia (>−0.50 D and <+0.50 D; >−0.75 D and <+0.75 D) was present in 769/1380 eyes (55.7%) and 926/1380 eyes (67.1%), respectively. Anisometropia was present in 86/690 horses (12.5%). Sex, iris color, and location were significantly associated with refraction values, whereas age, breed, and coat color were not.ConclusionsMost eyes evaluated are emmetropic, or shifted myopically, with excellent agreement between eyes of the same horse. Sex, iris color, and geographic location appear to impact refraction in horses.SupportNone.
The effect of cyanoacrylate on knot elongation in three sutures used for prosthetic laryngoplasty in the horse
Authors: Watkins Amanda R. , Ford Matt , van Eps Andrew W. , Stefanovski Darko , Parente Eric J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigated the elongation following cyclic loading on square knots of 5 USP multifilament long‐chain ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene core (UHMWPE), 2 mm woven UHMWPE tape, and 5 USP braided polyester, with and without cyanoacrylate glue.Study designExperimental study.Sample populationn = 4.MethodsThree conditions (suture without knot, suture with knot, suture with knot + cyanoacrylate) were evaluated for each suture material on a mechanical test stand by measuring the increased length of the construct after cycling from 25 to 50N for 1000 repetitions at 20 mm/second. Knot elongation was determined by subtracting the length of the control suture from the suture with knot or suture with knot + cyanoacrylate. The data were analyzed with a linear regression model with robust estimation of variance. Post‐hoc analysis determined the model adjusted differences (square knot vs. cyanoacrylate) as a difference from control.t‐tests were conducted to identify the significant findings.ResultsTotal elongation of polyester (6.2–7.8 mm) was greater than multifilament UHMWPE (3.4–6.4 mm) and UHMWPE tape (2–3.7 mm) for all conditions. Polyester had the lowest knot elongation (1.6 mm) and the addition of cyanoacrylate decreased knot elongation for polyester by 1 mm.ConclusionsPolyester had the most total construct elongation followed by multifilament UHMWPE and UHMWPE tape. Polyester showed the least knot elongation and cyanoacrylate decreased this knot elongation.Clinical significanceTotal construct and knot elongation should be considered as contributing factors to loss of arytenoid abduction following prosthetic laryngoplasty when using polyester, multifilament UHMWPE, or UHMWPE tape. Addition of cyanoacrylate to polyester knots should be explored to limit elongation.
Investigation and response to a large outbreak of leptospirosis in field workers in Lower Saxony, Germany
Authors: Dreesman Johannes , Toikkanen Salla , Runge Martin , Hamschmidt Leonhard , Lüsse Berthold , Freise Jona F. , Ehlers Joachim , Nöckler Karsten , Knorr Carolin , Keller Barbara , Mayer‐Scholl Anne 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBetween June and August 2014, 45 cases of leptospirosis were notified among workers on two strawberry farms in North‐West Germany. We describe the characteristics of the outbreak and the actions taken to prevent further cases. The activities of the local, federal and national public health and veterinary authorities included collection of case data, laboratory testing of human specimens and of small mammals trapped on the fields, investigation of weather data, as well as information provided to farmers, field workers, physicians and to the authorities in Poland and Romania. Of the 45 identified cases (median age 22, 60% male), 47% were hospitalized. Characteristic symptoms were fever ≥38.5°C, generalized muscle pain and an increase in renal or liver enzymes. Thirteen cases were laboratory confirmed by serological and/or molecular methods. ELISA tests for Leptospira IgG and IgM‐antibodies were positive in those samples taken >5 days after hospitalization. The probable causative agent was identified as Leptospira kirschneri serovar Grippotyphosa. Leptospira‐specific DNA was found in kidneys of 67% of 64 trapped small mammals and was further identified as Leptospira kirschneri multi locus sequence type 110. During the estimated time period of human infections, the affected region faced warm weather with heavy rainfalls. The results of this investigation are in accordance with the theory of a chain of infection from mice to field workers during warm and humid weather. In 2015, a campaign was initiated to inform physicians, farmers and workers to enhance prevention measures, such as the use of personal protective equipment and early consultation of physicians in case of illness. Since then, no further outbreak occurred.
Resource deserts, village hierarchies and de-growth in sparsely populated areas: the case of Southern Lapland, Sweden
Authors: Carson Dean Bradley , Carson Doris Anna , Lundmark Linda , Hurtig Anna-Karin 
Published: January 2023

Small villages in northern Sweden have seen a continuing removal of key services, such as schools, shops and public transport, since the 1970s. Disinvestment in public services has not been strategically planned but has happened in response to population loss and increased costs on a case-by-case basis. More recently, there has been a shift in policy thinking to what might be termed a ‘de-growth’ approach where digitalisation and increased personal mobility are used to provide new ways of delivering services. The purpose of this paper is to examine the existence of ‘resource deserts’ in Southern Lapland and the emergence (or consolidation) of village hierarchies in allocating public services. We map out the distribution of neighbourhood services (grocery stores, pre-/schools and petrol pumps) among villages, and explore the lived experiences in accessing these resources in different villages. Our results show that resource deserts clearly exist in the south and east of the region, while villages in the more sparsely populated western mountain areas were generally in a better position to retain resources. We identify a lack of consistent and transparent service planning at the village level as a key shortcoming in municipal and regional service strategies. There appear to be unofficial settlement hierarchies in the differential treatment of villages that are otherwise similar in population size, population change and distance to central places. We find that political decisions on service allocations are likely influenced by several factors. These include legacy effects relating to historic settlement status, the location of villages in relation to key transport or mobility corridors, as well as ideological factors favouring villages with more ‘exotic’ features and development potential in line with the municipalities’ economic, social and political priorities. We finally argue that a shift to de-growth needs to be more strategically planned if it is to eliminate resource deserts and promote equity of service access across all villages.
Thermo-Hydro-Chemo-Mechanical (THCM) Continuum Modeling of Subsurface Rocks: A Focus on Thermodynamics-Based Constitutive Models
Authors: Siddiqui Mohammed Abdul Qadeer , Regenauer-Lieb Klaus , Roshan Hamid 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Accurate multiphysics modeling is necessary to simulate and predict the long-term behavior of subsurface porous rocks. Despite decades of modeling subsurface multiphysics processes in porous rocks, there are still considerable uncertainties and challenges remaining partly because of the way the constitutive equations describing such processes are derived (thermodynamically or phenomenologically) and treated (continuum or discrete) regardless of the way they are solved (e.g., finite element or finite volume methods). We review here continuum multiphysics models covering aspects of poromechanics, chemo-poromechanics, thermo-poromechanics, and thermo-chemo-poromechanics. We focus on models that are derived based on thermodynamics to signify the importance of such a basis and discuss the limitations of the phenomenological models and how thermodynamics-based modeling can overcome such limitations. The review highlights that the experimental determination of thermodynamics response coefficients (coupling or constitutive coefficients) and field applicability of the developed thermodynamics models are significant research gaps to be addressed. Verification and validation of the constitutive models, preferably through physical experiments, is yet to be comprehensively realized which is further discussed in this review. The review also shows the versatility of the multiphysics models to address issues from shale gas production to CO2 sequestration and energy storage and highlights the need for inclusion of thermodynamically consistent damage mechanics, coupling of chemical and mechanical damage, and two-phase fluid flow in multiphysics models.
An Investigation of a Newly Developed Bistable Load-Type Supersonic Fluidic Oscillator for Generating Large-Amplitude Pressure Pulsations
Authors: Xu Sichang , Ryzer Eugene , Rankin Gary W. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Unique aspects in the development of bistable load-type fluidic oscillators that satisfy the requirement of producing large-amplitude pressure fluctuations during the charging of vessels for potential implementation in industrial processes such as the superplastic forming process are addressed in this paper. A pseudo-3D computational fluid dynamic model is shown to be capable of accurately predicting the experimental values of the dimensionless frequencies and pressure fluctuation amplitudes as well as the experimental Schlieren images of the flow field obtained over a wide range of operating conditions. The pseudo-3D model is also used to provide details of the fluid motion in the oscillator which could not be measured experimentally when investigating the operation of the device. The flow switching mechanism is identified as a consequence of a reduction of the flow deflection angle due to the increase of the downstream pressure load by the charging of feedback tanks. Some examples of the usefulness of the model as a cost-effective industrial design tool are also demonstrated. The effects of changing the number and size of the feedback tank volumes on the device frequency and amplitude of the oscillation are clearly shown using dimensionless variables.
The Effects of Plasma Pre-Cracking on Drilling of Hard Rocks: A Single Insert Cutting Experiment
Authors: Kazi Aamer A. , Akhter Mirza , Antao Dion , Staack David , Tai Bruce L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper studies the effects of plasma-induced cracks on rock cutting to support the concept of a plasma-integrated drag bit for accelerated geothermal drilling through hard rocks. For this, a single polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) drilling technique is used in cutting granite to compare thrust and cutting forces between plasma-treated and untreated rock samples. The cracks are produced using underwater plasma at 80 J per pulse. This energy level does not produce visible damage to the rock. The cutting tests are conducted at a cutting speed of 12.7 m/min and four feed rates of 0.127, 0.201, 0.267, and 0.414 mm/s to represent actual drilling scenarios. The results show a general trend of reduction in both thrust and cutting forces for these feed rates, but the magnitude of reduction highly depends on the feed rate. The maximum force reduction of around 50% is found at the 0.267 mm/s feed rate with statistical significance. Cases with a higher force reduction are also found to have rougher surface topography, which indicates more excessive fracturing and, thus, a cracks-accelerated material removal process. This study provides initial evidence of using underwater plasma to increase the downhole drilling rate of hard rocks.
Papillomatous breast lesions with atypical columnar cell features
Authors: de Boer Mirthe , Verschuur-Maes Anoek H J , Moelans Cathy , van Diest Paul J 
Published: January 2023

AimsColumnar cell lesions (CCLs) are recognised breast cancer precursor lesions. Intraductal papillomas are usually lined by benign (polyclonal) cells. Although papillomas with monoclonal lesions (atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH)/ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)) have been described, CCLs have not been described in papillomas.MethodsWe present two papillary breast lesions lined by a single layer of luminal cells resembling atypical CCL/flat epithelial atypia (FEA). We compared these two lesions with 13 benign intraductal papillomas, and 2 papillomas with ADH/DCIS grade 1 features as controls were immunohistochemically stained for the oestrogen receptor alpha (oestrogen receptor) and progesterone receptors (PR), cytokeratin 5 (CK5) and cyclin D1.ResultsOestrogen receptor/PR expression was variable, with areas with ≥85% hormone receptor positivity in both morphologically normal papillomas and papillomas with ADH. In ADH areas, CK5 expression was seen in ≤5% of cells while cyclin D1 expression was high (>60%). The two papillary lesions with FEA were 100% oestrogen receptor and 90% cyclin D1 positive, and low on PR/CK5. There was only one morphologically normal papilloma with similar areas of low CK5 (5%) and high cyclin D1 expression; in all other morphologically benign papillomas CK5 expression varied between 10% and 50% and cyclin D1 expression was ≤50%. The papillary lesion with FEA that could be tested showed 16q losses, the hallmark genetic change in low nuclear grade breast neoplasias, in contrast to nine morphologically benign papillomas that could be tested.ConclusionWe present two papillomatous breast lesions with atypical CCL morphology and 16q loss, for which we propose the term papillary FEA.
Austerity, economic hardship and access to medications: a repeated cross-sectional population survey study, 2013–2020
Authors: Aaltonen Katri 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundIn Finland, austerity measures included an increase in medication and healthcare copayments and a decrease in many social security allowances. This study examines whether austerity coincided with an increase in socioeconomic inequality in access to medications (going short of medications because of lack of money) and whether medication access problems increased more than other forms of economic hardship (going short of food or physician visits).MethodsPooled cross-sectional population surveys collected in 2013–2015, 2018 and 2020 (n=139 324) and multinomial logistic regression, with interaction between study year and economic activity (EA) (full-time work vs part-time work/retirement; old age retirement; unemployment; disability/illness; family; student), were used to estimate the effect of EA on the probability of experiencing economic hardship (no hardship/hardship including medication problems/hardship excluding medication problems) and how it varies across years.ResultsWorking-age adults outside full-time employment have a higher risk of economic hardship than full-time workers, and old age retirees have a lower risk. In 2018, when austerity was most pronounced, economic hardship including medication problems increased for the disabled/ill (women and men), unemployed (women) and part-time workers/retirees (men), significantly more than for full-time workers. Hardship excluding medication access problems either decreased or remained unchanged.ConclusionAusterity coincided with increasing economic hardship among vulnerable groups, thus exacerbating socioeconomic inequalities. Strengthening the role for medication access problems suggests that medication copayment increases contributed to this accumulating disadvantage.
Exploring the associations of daily movement behaviours and mid-life cognition: a compositional analysis of the 1970 British Cohort Study
Authors: Mitchell John J , Blodgett Joanna M , Chastin Sebastien FM , Jefferis Barbara J , Wannamethee S Goya , Hamer Mark 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundMovement behaviours (eg, sedentary behaviour (SB), moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light intensity physical activity (LIPA) and sleep) are linked to cognition, yet the relative importance of each component is unclear, and not yet explored with compositional methodologies.ObjectiveTo (i) assess the associations of different components of daily movement and participant’s overall cognition, memory and executive function, and (ii) understand the relative importance of each individual component for cognition.MethodsThe 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) is a prospective birth cohort study of UK-born adults. At age 46, participants consented to wear an accelerometer device and complete tests of verbal memory and executive function. Compositional linear regression was used to examine cross-sectional associations between 24-hour movement behaviours and standardised cognition scores. Isotemporal substitution was performed to model the effect of reallocating time between components of daily movement on cognition.ResultsThe sample comprised 4481 participants (52% female). Time in MVPA relative to SB, LIPA and sleep was positively associated with cognition after adjustments for education and occupational physical activity, but additional adjustment for health status attenuated associations. SB relative to all other movements was robustly positively associated with cognition. Modelling time reallocation between components revealed an increase in cognition centile after MVPA theoretically replaced 9 min of SB (OR=1.31; 95% CI 0.09 to 2.50), 7 min of LIPA (1.27; 0.07 to 2.46) or 7 min of sleep (1.20; 0.01 to 2.39).ConclusionsRelative to time spent in other behaviours, greater MVPA and SB was associated with higher cognitive scores. Loss of MVPA time, given its smaller relative amount, appears most deleterious. Efforts should be made to preserve MVPA time, or reinforce it in place of other behaviours.
Cognitive performance is associated with glomerular filtration rate in patients with chronic kidney disease: results from the CKD-REIN cohort
Authors: Pépin Marion , Levassort Hélène , Boucquemont Julie , Lambert Oriane , Alencar de Pinho Natalia , Turinici Monica , Helmer Catherine , Metzger Marie , Cheddani Lynda , Frimat Luc , Combe Christian , Fouque Denis , Laville Maurice , Ayav Carole , Liabeuf Sophie , Jacquelinet Christian , Teillet Laurent , Stengel Bénédicte , Massy Ziad A 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with cognitive impairment in general population. We assessed the association between kidney and cognitive functions in patients with CKD and the influence of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, and depression on this association.MethodsThe CKD-Renal Epidemiology and Information Network cohort included 3033 patients with CKD stages 3–4, followed for 5 years. Cognitive function was assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) with the CKD-Epidemiology Collaboration equation-creatinin formula. Evolution of the MMSE score over time and its association with baseline eGFR were investigated with linear mixed models. We assessed the risk of incident cognitive outcome (hospitalisation or death with relevant International Classification of Disease-10 codes), with a Cox proportional hazard model.ResultsThe mean age was 66.8, the mean eGFR was 33 mL/min/1.73 m2and 387 patients (13.0%) had an MMSE score below 24 at baseline. A 10 mL/min/1.73 m2decrement of baseline eGFR was associated with a mean MMSE decrease of 0.12 (95% CI 0.04 to 0.19) after adjustment for demographic characteristics, depression, CV risk factors and disease; but baseline eGFR was not associated with MMSE temporal evolution. HR for cognitive outcome during follow-up (median 2.01 years) associated with a 10 mL/min/1.73 m2decrement of baseline eGFR was 1.35 (1.07, 1.70) (p=0.01) after adjustment.ConclusionsIn patients with CKD, lower eGFR was associated with worse cognitive performance and incident cognitive events, independently of demographics, CV risk factors and depression.Trial registration numberNCT03381950.
Charming penguins and lepton universality violation in $$\varvec{b \rightarrow s \ell ^+ \ell ^-}$$ decays
Authors: Ciuchini Marco , Fedele Marco , Franco Enrico , Paul Ayan , Silvestrini Luca , Valli Mauro 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe LHCb experiment has recently presented new results on Lepton Universality Violation (LUV) in $$B \rightarrow K^{(*)} \ell ^+ \ell ^-$$

B
→

K

(

∗
)

ℓ
+

ℓ
-

decays involving $$K_S$$

K
S

in the final state, which strengthen the recent evidence of LUV obtained in $$B^+ \rightarrow K^{+} \ell ^+ \ell ^-$$

B
+

→

K
+

ℓ
+

ℓ
-

decays and the previous measurements of $$B \rightarrow K^{*0} \ell ^+ \ell ^-$$

B
→

K

∗
0

ℓ
+

ℓ
-

. While LUV observables in the Standard Model are theoretically clean, their predictions in New Physics scenarios are sensitive to the details of the hadronic dynamics, and in particular of the charming penguin contribution. In this work, we show how a conservative treatment of hadronic uncertainties is crucial not only to assess the significance of deviations from the Standard Model but also to obtain a conservative picture of the New Physics responsible for LUV. Adopting a very general parameterization of charming penguins, we find that: (i) current data hint at a sizable $$q^2$$

q
2

and helicity dependence of charm loop amplitudes; (ii) conservative NP solutions to B anomalies favour a left-handed or an axial lepton coupling rather than a vector one.
Probing phase structure of strongly coupled matter with holographic entanglement measures
Authors: Asadi M. , Amrahi B. , Eshaghi-Kenari H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe study the holographic entanglement measures such as the holographic mutual information, HMI, and the holographic entanglement of purification, EoP, in a holographic QCD model at finite temperature and zero chemical potential. This model can realize various types of phase transitions including crossover, first order and second order phase transitions. We use the HMI and EoP to probe the phase structure of this model and we find that at the critical temperature they can characterize the phase structure of the model. Moreover we obtain the critical exponent using the HMI and EoP.