bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for clinical subtypes of early childhood caries
Authors: Simancas-Pallares Miguel , Gormley Alexander , Shrestha Poojan , Gu Yu , Cho Hunyong , Spangler Hudson , Burk Zachary , Smith Michael , Dashper Stuart , Burgner David , Zandona Andrea Ferreira , Ginnis Jeannie , Vann William , Esberg Anders , Roach Jeff , Ribeiro Apoena , Wu Di , Silva Mihiri , Holgerson Pernilla Lif , Haworth Simon , Johansson Ingegerd , North Kari , Divaris Kimon 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The current early childhood caries (ECC) case definition contains a substantial degree of clinical heterogeneity, and to address this, we sought to identify clinical subtypes of the disease. We used tooth surface-level dental caries experience from a discovery and 3 replication community-based cohorts of 3-to-5-year-old children (N=226,471). We identified five disease subtypes with distinct patterns of caries lesion intraoral distribution that largely replicated across cohorts. These subtypes were associated with established caries risk factors (e.g., history of nighttime bottle-feeding), showed familial concordance and microbiome differences, and predicted dental caries experience 7 years after subtype assignment. Notably, classification of children in these subgroups can be achieved by inspecting small sets of easily examinable tooth surfaces with reasonable accuracy. Collectively, our findings provide evidence for generalizable and clinically recognizable subtypes of ECC. Etiology, targeted prevention, and optimal management of these subtypes should be systematically investigated in future studies.
Clinical manifestations, antimicrobial resistance and genomic feature analysis of the multi-drug resistance Elizabethkingia strains
Authors: Wu Chongyang , Xiong Li , Liao Quanfeng , Zhang Weili , Xiao Yuling , Xie Yi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background Elizabethkingia
are now emerging as an opportunistic pathogenic bacterium in human. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance, virulence factors, genome features, and comparative genomics of this pathogen.
Methods
Seven Elizabethkingia isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF MS, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing also was performed. They were conducted whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and compared with a global strain data set, including 83 Elizabethkingia whole-genomes sequences collected from NCBI database. Average nucleotide identity (ANI), pan-genome analysis, and KEGG analyses were performed, and orthologous groups were evaluated.
Results
A total of 71 Elizabethkingia strains were mainly obtained from the department of ICU (36.6%, 26/71) and emergency (32.4%, 23/71). The number of strains isolated from the respiratory tract specimens was the highest. The mean age of the infected patients was 56.9 years and 64.8% were male. All patients had a history of broad-spectrum antimicrobial exposure. Hospitalization for invasive mechanical ventilation or catheter insertion were found to be the risk factors for infection. Isolates displaced high susceptibility rate to levofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and all were sensitive to minocycline. Genomics analysis revealed that five β-lactamase genes (blaGOB, blaB, blaCME, blaOXA, blaTEM) responsible for β-lactams resistance, seventeen virulence genes involve in stress adaption, adherence and immune modulation. The bulk of the core genomes in the Elizabethkingia genomes were associated with metabolism, according to a function study of the COGs, whereas the unique gene families were largely involved in "information storage and processing." The five type species of the Elizabethkingia genus were identified by pan-genome analysis to have a total of 2,077 clusters of orthologous groups.
Conclusion
The comparative analysis of the clinical data and associated genomes of patients infected with Elizabethkingia can provide a better understanding of this organism.
Heavy metal health risk assessment of cow’s milk from an industrialized area of Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md. Didarul , Hasan M. Mehedi , Rahaman Ashiqur , Haque Papia 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the contamination level of toxic and essential metals in milk samples with varying lactation periods (1 to 5 years) near an industrial area on the bank of Buriganga River, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Milk samples were collected and analyzed for 6 toxic metals (Cr, Ni, Pb, Hg, Cd, and As) and 5 essential (Ca, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu) by using wet digestion and atomic absorption spectroscopy. In this study, maximum metal contamination was detected for Ca, followed by Fe > Cr > Zn > Mn > Cu > Ni > Pb > Hg > Cd > As. The concentration of Fe, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Hg exceeded their respective national and international reference value. The potential health risk for milk consumption was investigated by estimating various exposure indices including; daily intake (EDI), Target hazard quotient (THQ), hazard index (HI), and target cancer risk (TCR). The THQ < 1 values of individual metals indicate there was no or less potential health risk due to the consumption of these milk samples. While the hazard index (HI) > 1 suggested that there might be health risk due to milk consumption. Long-time consumption of those milk samples may raise the carcinogenic risk in terms of TCR values as the TCR values of Cr, Ni, and As were obtained much higher for average consumers which exceed the maximum permeable limit (1.0×10− 6).
Indicator bacteria in subtropical natural wetlands waters
Authors: Vergara-Franco Angela , Sosa-Benegas Gabriela , Correa-Pérez Cecilio , Imas-Garay Lourdes , Netto Flavia , Lombardo Laura , Bamberg-Ames Jenifer , Alonso-Ortiz Evelyn , Mereles-Aranda Eva 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Natural wetlands are transitional ecosystems between aquatic and terrestrial systems. They have a variety of functions, one of the most outstanding being the ability to purify water mainly by microorganisms. Despite their importance, these ecosystems are threatened due to anthropogenic activities, so determining quality indicators is a growing need. Microbial communities respond to leaching, eutrophication, metals, natural or anthropogenic pollutants, and even competition for nutrients with other organisms, making them useful in wetland assessment. There are several bacterial indicators and techniques used to monitor wetlands, including molecular ones, which despite their advantages, remain economically unfeasible to allow long-term monitoring in developing countries. As an alternative, we have determined the bacterial indicators, total and thermotolerant coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonasin waters of three natural wetlands corresponding to areas of influence of agricultural and urban activity in Paraguay. Following the membrane filtration method, we obtained bacterial counts for all the indicators (TC max of 210±14 CFU/100mL in a protected zone, FC 15±7 CFU/100mL in a peri-urban area, and E. coli 105±7 CFU/100 mL) except Pseudomonas (<1 CFU/100mL). After analyzing our results, we observed that total coliforms could reflect better environmental conditions. In contrast, fecal coliforms and E. coli would reflect fecal contamination or discharges of nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen commonly used in agricultural and urban areas. The absence of Pseudomonascould be due to a non-ideal incubation temperature (37ºC). E. coli, whose growth occurred in all wetlands, together with coliforms, could be a valuable indicator for monitoring these environments.
Point-Like Defect on Radial Solution with generalized q-deformed Hulthen Plus Class of Yukawa Potential under the Influence of Flux Field
Authors: AHMED FAIZUDDIN 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this work, we solve the radial Schrödinger wave equation in three dimensions under Aharonov-Bohm (AB) flux field with generalized q-deformed Hulthen potential (GqHP) and class of Yukawa potential (CYP) in a point-like global monopole. We employ the Greene-Aldrich approximation scheme in the centrifugal term and determines the approximate eigenvalue solution using the parametric Nikiforov-Uvarov (NU) method. The eigenvalue solution is then analyzed for the topological defects of the geometry and the magnetic flux field with this potential. Finally, we utilize this eigenvalue solution for some superposed potential models and analyze effects on the eigenvalue solutions. We see that the presence of topological defects and the magnetic flux field modifies the eigenvalue solutions in comparison to the flat space results with this potential.
PACS Number(s): 03.65.Pm, 03.65.Ge, 14.80.Hv, 02.30.Gp, 03.65.Vf
Mathematics Subject Classification(s): 81T20, 81Q05, 81Q70, 81V17, 33C15
Bridging Drug Discovery through Hierarchical Subtractive Genomics against Asd, Trpg and Secy of Pneumonia Causing MDR Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Wisal Ayesha , Ullah Asad , Anwar Waheed , Khan Yasmin , Basharat Zarrin , Irfan Muhammad , Karim Asad , Aurongzeb Muhammad , Imran Muhammad , Morel Carlos M. , Hassan Syed Shah 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an opportunistic gram-positive, non-motile, and non-sporulating bacteria that induce pneumonia, a provocative lung infection affecting mainly the terminal bronchioles and the small air sacs known as alveoli. Recently, S. aureus has developed resistance to the available antibiotics consortium as per WHO reports, thereby, novel remedial targets and strong medications to forestall and cure this illness are desperately needed. Here, using pangenomics, a total of 1,387 core proteins were identified. Subtractive proteome analysis is utilized to further identify 12 proteins that are vital for bacteria. One membrane protein (secY) and two cytoplasmic proteins (asd and trpG) were chosen as possible therapeutic targets with respect to minimum % host identity, essentiality, and other cutoff values such as high resistance in MDR S. aureus. The amino acid sequence of selected targets was modeled and then docked against drug-like chemical libraries. The top-ranked compounds i.e., ZINC82049692, ZINC85492658 and 3a of Isosteviol derivative for Aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (asd); ZINC38222743, ZINC70455378, and 5m Isosteviol derivative for Anthranilate synthase component II (trpG); and finally, ZINC72292296, ZINC85632684, and 7m Isosteviol derivative for Protein translocase subunit SecY (secY), were further subjected to molecular dynamics studies for thermodynamic stability and validation. In this study, we discovered new therapeutic targets in S. aureus, some of which have previously been reported in other pathogenic microorganisms. Owing to further experimental validation, We anticipate that our method and results will make major contributions in the discovery of novel drugs and their targets in S. aureus-caused pneumonia.
Plasmodium falciparum exoerythrocytic forms require the PTEX translocon for development in human hepatocytes
Authors: McConville Robyn , Krol Jelte , Steel Ryan , O'Neill Matthew , Davey Bethany , Hodder Anthony , Nebl Tom , Cowman Alan , Kneteman N. M. , Boddey Justin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum assembles a protein translocon (PTEX) at the parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM) of infected erythrocytes, through which several hundred proteins are exported. The preceding Plasmodium liver stage develops in hepatocytes within a PVM; however, the importance of PTEX and identification of exported proteins in P. falciparum liver stages remains unexplored. Here, we apply the FlpL/FRT system to P. falciparum NF54 to conditionally excise genes in sporozoites, enabling studies at the liver stage. Conditional disruption of PTEX components PTEX150 and EXP2 in sporozoites does not affect their development or infectivity but attenuates liver stage growth. While PTEX150-deficiency significantly reduces liver load in humanized mice, EXP2-deficiency conferred a severe fitness cost, demonstrating that PTEX is essential for P. falciparum liver stage development. We show that liver specific protein 2 (LISP2) and circumsporozoite protein (CSP) contain putative PEXEL sequences cleaved by plasmepsin V, yet they localize to the PVM of infected hepatocytes. The abundance of LISP2 is reduced in PTEX-deficient liver stages, suggesting this protein is degraded in the absence of a functioning PTEX complex. This study employs the FlpL/FRT system for functional analysis of P. falciparum pre-erythrocytic biology, revealing that the protein export translocon required for growth in erythrocytes is essential for P. falciparum development in hepatocytes and normal LISP2 expression. It also describes two P. falciparum proteins that contain putative PEXEL motifs that are targeted to the PVM.
Sediment yield modelling using SDR and MUSLE with high resolution satellite precipitation dataset in an ungauged basin
Authors: Sampath Vinoth Kumar , Radhakrishnan Nisha 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Erosion has become one of the extreme ecological dangers in up to date. Decrease of minerals in the upper layer of soil leads to failure in sustainable crop practices. Many researchers have developed prediction models of Sediment Yield (SY) in gauged basins. But modelling for an ungauged basin is very difficult due to the difficulty in validating the predicted model. The primary goal of the study was to identify the sedimentation in the study area using multiple(SY) methodologies, including Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) and Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (MUSLE), in an ungauged basin with a high-resolution satellite precipitation dataset.. Different attributes such as LULC (land use / land cover), soil texture, precipitation, topography, etc. was incorporated to estimate the SY in Ponnaniyar river basin,. The generated SY map from SDR and MUSLE was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). The SDR model was found to be an efficient method for determining the SY for Ponnaniyar river basin, and also satisfied the criteria of AUC value of 0.752. The severely affected sub-watershed of Ponnaniyar river basin was identified with the help of erosion and yield spatial map. The obtained results will help prioritize the sub-watershed for locating water harvesting structures in further studies. This study suggests placing the gauging station in Ponnaniyar river basin to monitor the daily observation of discharge and SY estimation to prevent soil loss during flash flooding.
Postharvest Handling of Lily of the Nile Flowers
Authors: Mor Yoram , Halevy Abraham H. , Kofranek Anton M. , Reid Michael S. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A range of postharvest treatments was applied to cut flowers of the Lily of the Niie, Agapanthus orientalis Hoffmanns cvs, Mooreanus (blue) and Albidus (white), in an effort to improve flower bud opening, vase life, and to reduce floret abscission. Basal treatment of partially opened flowers (2 to 5 florets open) with solutions containing 10–20% sucrose and a bactericide improved bud opening. A 60% to 120% increase in vase life and a substantial reduction in bud abscission (to 20% of the control) was obtained by treating the flowers with the anionic silver-thiosulfate complex (STS) as a basal “pulse” (4 mm Ag+, 3 hr), and spraying the inflorescence with 30 ppm naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) prior to the sucrose pulse. These treatments also were effective in flowers subjected to short-term cold storage (4 days at 1°C).
Pubic Symphysiotomy
Authors: Harsch Jerry 
Published: March 2023

With your indulgence, I will refer to this subject as “pelvis splitting.” This procedure is done obviously to relieve dystocia in heifers.
We use this primarily in cases where we have an oversized calf, and I should preface this by saying primarily in beef cattle. We have used this technique in some dairy cattle but we mostly reserve it for beef animals. I am in an almost exclusively beef practice. We also use it when the heifer has a particularly narrow pelvis. It is of little or no value for the really fat young heifer with a normal pelvis. This procedure is absolutely of no value in a case of limited dilatation of the cervix.
Preconditioning
Authors: Herrick John B. 
Published: March 2023

“Condition” means to process, to prepare. “Pre” means before; before some event. “Precondition” means, in reference to cattle, going to the feedlot, to prepare them so they can best withstand the adjustment they undergo when they leave their point of origin to the feedlot. This, in general, refers to their first start—their origin, whether they are calves or older animals. It does not refer to the animal that has already moved into the channels of trade.
“Backgrounding” means processing the animal to best withstand the stresses of feedlot adaptation after leaving its point of origin and has entered the channels of trade.
Preconditioning is not new in that a number of cattlemen have been employing different procedures related to, or leading to, preconditioning for years.
Management Program for Improving Reproductive Performance
Authors: Wiltbank J. N. 
Published: March 2023

What do we expect of a beef cow as far as reproduction is concerned? We would like to have every cow in the herd wean a calf every year and have all the calves dropped early in the calving season. All cows don’t wean a calf and we have late calvers. Therefore, we need to find ways to improve this situation. This paper will point out some of the reasons for poor reproductive performance and then outline ways to improve reproduction. Three steps can be taken to improve reproduction performance:
1. Shorten the breeding season2. Develop replacement heifers properly3. Feed proper level of nutrition.
Therapy In Practice
Authors: Simons John C. 
Published: March 2023

In the early days of World War II a general of marines named Smedley Butler said to the President, “Give me a dollar and I will produce a dollar and ten cents worth of soldier.” Such is the kind of accountability that is the challenge of food animal practice and in no place do we cut it finer than in the prevention and treatment of the calf diarrhea complex.
By way of attempted prevention we can balance the ration of the cow. We can immunize against the clostridial entities that are part of the problem. We can insure that the calf gets a healthy dose of colostrum shortly after birth and we can provide some welfare precedures at times of difficult birth and inclement weather. But in spite of what we do, the results remain disappointing and frustrating. The best hope would seem to lie in long-time selection of breeding stock that have not even shown symptoms of the disease, as suggested by Mr. Lasater.
This presentation is directed towards therapy, particularly in advanced cases of calf diarrhea.
Incidence
Authors: Burtsman F. E. 
Published: March 2023

First of all, why should we be concerned about internal parasites in cattle. Figures released by the United States Department of Agriculture in 1965 compared the losses over a ten-year period. Losses jumped in cattle from about 27 million dollars to about 147 million. Almost the opposite occurred in other species, and to me it indicates that up to 1965 we had not been too concerned with internal parasites in cattle. We did do a pretty good job of controlling them in all the other species.
These things are hard to see. The largest are about one to one and a quarter inches long. They are roughly about the size of a hair on your eyebrow. They lay eggs at a very rapid rate. They can lay up to 10,000 eggs a day, or seven eggs a minute and 1 am sure that if you had some chickens that would perform that well, you would soon have the egg market cornered!
Acidosis in Ruminants
Authors: Pierson Robert E. 
Published: March 2023

Noninfectious diseases of ruminants are more common than infectious diseases. The digestive system is more vulnerable to disorder than any other system. Disorders ranging from stomatitis, choke, bloat, indigestion, intoxications, and displacements are observed in ruminants almost daily. It is doubtful that any animal ever reaches maturity without suffering at some time or another from some kind of digestive dysfunction. Changes in feed are among the most common causes of digestive dysfunction in ruminants.
A sudden change of feed components as occurs in feedlot animals, over-feeding during production competition, or preparing animals for competition showing are examples of causes of feeding troubles resulting in acidosis.
Right Paralumbar Omentopexy for the Correction of Left Displaced Abomasum
Authors: Hoffsis Glen F. 
Published: March 2023

Left displacement of the abomasum (LDA) is a very important disease of dairy cattle. Until effective and economical preventive measures are discovered veterinarians will be asked to treat a large number of these cases. The most effective treatment at present is surgical correction. Rolling is recommended only on average cows since about 50% of these cows redisplace in two to three days. This results in lost time and added expense especially if they eventually require surgery. Therefore, valuable cows are operated immediately. All of the highly successful surgical procedures for LDA involve correction of the displacement and fixation of either abomasum or omentum (1,2,3).
Cows are not fasted prior to surgery because the ketosis which most cows have would be aggravated and the displacement can be corrected with little difficulty from the right flank approach even if the rumen is full. Cows which are very dehydrated and/or suffering from other concurrent diseases such as metritis are also operated immediately. Attempts at building them up with fluid therapy and antibiotics is usually ineffective as long as the displacement exists.
Beef Calf Deficiencies in Practice
Authors: Ward J. K. 
Published: March 2023

One of the most serious and economically important deficiencies of beef calves in my practice is selenium deficiency. The area is in a mountain valley in Western Montana. Soils vary greatly within a quarter to half mile.
When I first entered practice in 1958, vitamin E was used widely in capsule form in the prevention of white muscle disease with a fair degree of success, but it failed to control the disease as effectively as desired. During the past 25 years, the deficiency has increased in severity, occurring on ranches that previously were not troubled with the problem. With the advent of commercial fertilizers, primarily phosphates and sulfates, it has been shown that these prohibit the forage from utilizing the element selenium in an already borderline deficient soil. I do not recommend the cessation of using commercial fertilizers because of benefits received in the quantity and quality of feeds.
Welcome and Some Insights into Georgia Livestock Production
Authors: Irvin Tommy , Jarrett James 
Published: March 2023

Dr. Jarrett: A gentleman who does understand the problems of agriculture-as a farmer from the hills of North Georgia, as a member of our state legislature and very active in the area of agriculture when he was there, as our state com-missioner of agriculture Mr. Tommy Irvin has been a friend to the veterinarian as well-as a friend to Georgia agriculture. It is my pleasure to introduce to you at this time, Mr. Tommy Irvin:
APPLAUSE.
Thank you very much. It is a real pleasure to have the op port unity to welcome this very distinguished group. I understand you have representatives from practically every state of the Union, and maybe some from foreign countries here in the greatest city in America, Atlanta. He didn't tell you a whole lot about me but I am a genuine country boy and real proud of it. When you look around, especially those of you who are not residents of our state or our region, you wouldn't realize how much change has transpired in the span of the last 20-30 years.