bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A flexible artificial chemosensory neuronal synapse based on chemoreceptive ionogel-gated electrochemical transistor
Authors: Chouhdry Hamna Haq , Lee Dong Hyun , Bag Atanu , Lee Nae-Eung 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe human olfactory system comprises olfactory receptor neurons, projection neurons, and interneurons that perform remarkably sophisticated functions, including sensing, filtration, memorization, and forgetting of chemical stimuli for perception. Developing an artificial olfactory system that can mimic these functions has proved to be challenging. Herein, inspired by the neuronal network inside the glomerulus of the olfactory bulb, we present an artificial chemosensory neuronal synapse that can sense chemical stimuli and mimic the functions of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter release in the synapses between olfactory receptor neurons, projection neurons, and interneurons. The proposed device is based on a flexible organic electrochemical transistor gated by the potential generated by the interaction of gas molecules with ions in a chemoreceptive ionogel. The combined use of a chemoreceptive ionogel and an organic semiconductor channel allows for a long retentive memory in response to chemical stimuli. Long-term memorization of the excitatory chemical stimulus can be also erased by applying an inhibitory electrical stimulus due to ion dynamics in the chemoresponsive ionogel gate electrolyte. Applying a simple device design, we were able to mimic the excitatory and inhibitory synaptic functions of chemical synapses in the olfactory system, which can further advance the development of artificial neuronal systems for biomimetic chemosensory applications.
Weakening of the South Asian summer monsoon linked to interhemispheric ice-sheet growth since 12 Ma
Authors: Yao Zhengquan , Shi Xuefa , Guo Zhengtang , Li Xinzhou , Nath B. Nagender , Betzler Christian , Zhang Hui , Lindhorst Sebastian , Miriyala Pavan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe evolution and driving mechanism of the South Asian summer monsoon (SASM) are still poorly understood. We here present a 12-Myr long SASM record by analyzing the strontium and neodymium isotopic composition of detrital components at IODP Exp. 359 Site U1467 from the northern Indian Ocean. The provenance investigation demonstrates that more dust enriched in εNd from northeastern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula was transported to the study site by monsoonal and Shamal winds during the summer monsoon season. A two-step weakening of the SASM wind since ~12 Ma is proposed based on the εNd record. This observational phenomenon is supported by climate modeling results, demonstrating that the SASM evolution was mainly controlled by variations in the gradient between the Mascarene High and the Indian Low, associated with meridional shifts of the Hadley Cell and the Intertropical Convergence Zone, which were caused by interhemispheric ice-sheet growth since the Middle Miocene.
Quantifying portable genetic effects and improving cross-ancestry genetic prediction with GWAS summary statistics
Authors: Miao Jiacheng , Guo Hanmin , Song Gefei , Zhao Zijie , Hou Lin , Lu Qiongshi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPolygenic risk scores (PRS) calculated from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of Europeans are known to have substantially reduced predictive accuracy in non-European populations, limiting their clinical utility and raising concerns about health disparities across ancestral populations. Here, we introduce a statistical framework named X-Wing to improve predictive performance in ancestrally diverse populations. X-Wing quantifies local genetic correlations for complex traits between populations, employs an annotation-dependent estimation procedure to amplify correlated genetic effects between populations, and combines multiple population-specific PRS into a unified score with GWAS summary statistics alone as input. Through extensive benchmarking, we demonstrate that X-Wing pinpoints portable genetic effects and substantially improves PRS performance in non-European populations, showing 14.1%–119.1% relative gain in predictive R2 compared to state-of-the-art methods based on GWAS summary statistics. Overall, X-Wing addresses critical limitations in existing approaches and may have broad applications in cross-population polygenic risk prediction.
Characterization of the influence of the dominant tract on hand closing post stroke based on the Fugl-Meyer score
Authors: Baghi Raziyeh , Kim Dongwon , Koh Kyung , Zhang Li-Qun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWhile stroke survivors with moderate or mild impairment are typically able to open their hand at will, those with severe impairment cannot. Abnormal synergies govern the arm and hand in stoke survivors with severe impairment, so hand opening, which is required to overcome the working synergy, is an extremely difficult task for them to achieve. It is universally accepted that alternative tracts including the cortico-reticulospinal tract (CRST), employed in the case that the corticospinal tract (CST) is damaged by stroke, brings about such abnormal synergies. Here we note that hand closing is enabled by alternative tracts as well as the CST, and a research question arises: Does motor characteristics while closing the hand depend on the integrity of the CST? In this study, we evaluate the abilities of 17 stroke survivors to flex and relax the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints and investigate whether motor characteristics can be distinguished based on CST integrity which is estimated using upper-extremity Fugl-Meyer (UEFM) scores. UEFM scores have been perceived as an indirect indicator of CST integrity. We found that participants with the UEFM score above a certain value, who are assumed to use the CST, moves the MCP joints more smoothly (P < 0.05) and activates the flexors to flex the joints faster (P < 0.05), in comparison to participants with low UEFM scores, who are assumed to preferentially use alternative tracts. The results imply that use of alternative tracts (i.e. the CRST) results in a degradation in movement smoothness and slow activation of MCP flexors. We present evidence that responses of flexors of the MCP joints following stroke depend on the degree of impairment which is hypothesized to originate from preferentially use of different neural motor pathways.
Damage-free LED lithography for atomically thin 2D material devices
Authors: Shi Yue , Taniguchi Takaaki , Byun Ki-Nam , Kurimoto Daiki , Yamamoto Eisuke , Kobayashi Makoto , Tsukagoshi Kazuhito , Osada Minoru 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDesired electrode patterning on two-dimensional (2D) materials is a foremost step for realizing the full potentials of 2D materials in electronic devices. Here, we introduce an approach for damage-free, on-demand manufacturing of 2D material devices using light-emitting diode (LED) lithography. The advantage of this method lies in mild photolithography by simply combining an ordinary optical microscope with a commercially available LED projector; the low-energy red component is utilized for optical characterization and alignment of devices, whereas the high-energy blue component is utilized for photoresist exposure and development of personal computer designed electrode patterns. This method offers maskless, damage-free photolithography, which is particularly suitable for 2D materials that are sensitive to conventional lithography. We applied this LED lithography to device fabrication of selected nanosheets (MoS2, graphene oxides and RuO2), and achieved damage-free lithography of various patterned electrodes with feature sizes as small as 1–2 μm. The LED lithography offers a useful approach for cost-effective mild lithography without any costly instruments, high vacuum, or complex operation.
Peristaltic pumping of Boron Nitride-Ethylene Glycol nanofluid through a complex wavy micro-channel under the effect of induced magnetic field and double diffusive
Authors: Hussein Sameh A. , Eldabe Nabil T. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe main objective of this work is to present a comprehensive study that scrutinize the influence of DD convection and induced magnetic field on peristaltic pumping of Boron Nitride—Ethylene Glycol nanofluid flow through a vertical complex irregular microchannel. Experimental study showed that the nanofluid created by suspending Boron Nitride particles in a combination of Ethylene Glycol exhibited non-Newtonian characteristics. Further, the Carreau's fluid model provides accurate predictions about the rheological properties of BN-EG nanofluid. In order to imitate complicated peristaltic wave propagation conditions, sophisticated waveforms are forced at the walls. The essential properties of Brownian motion and thermophoresis phenomena are also included in simulating of heat equation as well as viscous dissipation. Mathematical simulation is performed by utilizing the lubrication approach. The resulting nonlinear coupled differential equation system is solved numerically using the built-in command (ND Solve function) in the Mathematica program. Numerical and pictorial evidence is used to illustrate the importance of various physiological features of flow quantities. The major findings demonstrated that the thermal resistance is observed to rise as the Soret and Dufour numbers increase, while the dissolvent concentration and nanoparticles volume fraction have the opposite effect.
Investigation of the inverse problem for the Arrhenius equation using the example of thermal degradation of spongin-based scaffolds
Authors: Żółtowska Sonia , Ciałkowski Michał , Alejski Krzysztof , Jesionowski Teofil 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA mathematical description of the thermal degradation of spongin-based scaffolds is given. The Arrhenius integral was evaluated using the inverse problem approach, in which the unknown values were the activation energy EA, the pre-exponential factor A, and the model function f(α) characterizing the physical process. The form of f(α) was determined and the values of the parameters EA, A and TS were evaluated in detail. Moreover, the function f(α) assessed in this study was compared with classical solid-state model functions. Finally, the mean square minimization approach was used to solve the inverse problem with unknown function f(α) and pre-exponential constant A. Likewise, the approximation of f(α) with 6th- and 7th-degree polynomials was used to obtain numerical values of EA and A. This study evaluated the inverse problem approach for the Arrhenius equation. These investigations provide new insight into the description of the thermal degradation of spongin-based scaffolds.
Life cycle of the cold-water coral Caryophyllia huinayensis
Authors: Heran Thomas , Laudien Jürgen , Waller Rhian G. , Häussermann Verena , Försterra Günter , González Humberto E. , Richter Claudio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLittle is known about the biology of cold-water corals (CWCs), let alone the reproduction and early life stages of these important deep-sea foundation species. Through a three-year aquarium experiment, we described the reproductive mode, larval release periodicity, planktonic stage, larval histology, metamorphosis and post-larval development of the solitary scleractinian CWC Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) huinayensis collected in Comau Fjord, Chilean Patagonia. We found that C. huinayensis is a brooder releasing 78.4 ± 65.9 (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) planula larvae throughout the year, a possible adaptation to low seasonality. Planulae had a length of 905 ± 114 µm and showed a well-developed gastrovascular system. After 8 ± 9.3 days (d), the larvae settled, underwent metamorphosis and developed the first set of tentacles after 2 ± 1.5 d. Skeletogenesis, zooplankton feeding and initiation of the fourth set of tentacles started 5 ± 2.1 d later, 21 ± 12.9 d, and 895 ± 45.9 d after settlement, respectively. Our study shows that the ontogenetic timing of C. huinayensis is comparable to that of some tropical corals, despite lacking zooxanthellae.
Potential of low-enthalpy geothermal energy to degrade organic contaminants of emerging concern in urban groundwater
Authors: Pujades Estanislao , Jurado Anna , Scheiber Laura , Teixidó Marc , Criollo Manjarrez Rotman A. , Vázquez-Suñé Enric , Vilarrasa Victor 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLow-enthalpy geothermal energy (LEGE) is a carbon-free and renewable source to provide cooling and heating to infrastructures (e.g. buildings) by exchanging their temperature with that of the ground. The exchange of temperature modifies the groundwater temperature around LEGE installations, which may contribute to enhancing the capacity of aquifers to degrade organic contaminants of emerging concern (OCECs), whose presence is significantly increasing in urban aquifers. Here, we investigate the impact of LEGE on OCECs and their bioremediation potential through numerical modelling of synthetic and real-based cases. Simulation results demonstrate that: (i) LEGE facilities have the potential to noticeably modify the concentrations of OCECs; and (ii) the final impact depends on the design of the facility. This study suggests that optimized LEGE facility designs could contribute to the degradation of OCECs present in urban aquifers, thus improving groundwater quality and increasing its availability in urban areas.
Evaluation of synthesized biosurfactants as promising corrosion inhibitors and alternative antibacterial and antidermatophytes agents
Authors: Fawzy Ahmed , Al Bahir Areej , Alqarni Nada , Toghan Arafat , Khider Manal , Ibrahim Ibrahim M. , Abulreesh Hussein Hasan , Elbanna Khaled 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study investigated different amino acid-based surfactants (AASs), also known as biosurfactants, including sodium N-dodecyl asparagine (AS), sodium N-dodecyl tryptophan (TS), and sodium N-dodecyl histidine (HS) for their potential anticorrosion, antibacterial, and antidermatophyte properties. The chemical and electrochemical techniques were employed to examine the copper corrosion inhibition efficacy in H2SO4(1.0 M) solution at 298 K. The results indicated their promising corrosion inhibition efficiencies (% IEs), which varied with the biosurfactant structures and concentrations, and the concentrations of corrosive medium. Higher % IEs values were attributed to the surfactant adsorption on the copper surface and the production of a protective film. The adsorption was in agreement with Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The kinetics and mechanisms of copper corrosion and its inhibition by the examinedAASswere illuminated. The surfactants behaved as mixed-kind inhibitors with minor anodic priority. The values of % IEs gained from weight loss technique at a 500 ppm of the tested surfactants were set to be 81, 83 and 88 forAS, HSandTS, respectively. The values of % IEs acquired from all the applied techniques were almost consistent which were increased in the order:TS > HS ≥ AS, establishing the validity of this study. These surfactants also exhibited strong broad-spectrum activities against pathogenic Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and dermatophytes.HSexhibited the highest antimicrobial activity followed byTS, andAS. The sensitivity of pathogenic bacteria varied against testedAASs.Shigella dysenteriaeandTrichophyton mantigrophyteswere found to be the most sensitive pathogens.HSexhibited the highest antibacterial activity againstShigella dysenteriae, Bacillus cereus, E. coli,K. pneumoniae,andS. aureusthrough the formation of clear zones of 70, 50, 40, 39, and 35 mm diameters, respectively.AASsalso exhibited strong antifungal activity against all the tested dermatophyte molds and fungi.HScaused the inhibition zones of 62, 57, 56, 48, and 36 mm diameters againstTrichophyton mantigrophytes,Trichophyton rubrum, Candida albicans, Trichosporon cataneum,andCryptococcus neoformans, respectively.AASsminimal lethal concentrations ranged between 16 to 128 µg/ml.HSpresented the lowest value (16 µg/ml) against tested pathogens followed byTS(64 µg/ml), andAS(128 µg/ml). Therefore,AASs, especiallyHS,could serve as an effective alternative antimicrobial agent against food-borne pathogenic bacteria and skin infections-associated dermatophyte fungi.
Exploring the influence of personal factors on physiological responses to mental imagery in sport
Authors: Budnik-Przybylska Dagmara , Syty Paweł , Kaźmierczak Maria , Łabuda Marta , Doliński Łukasz , Kastrau Adrian , Jasik Patryk , Przybylski Jacek , di Fronso Selenia , Bertollo Maurizio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractImagery is a well-known technique in mental training which improves performance efficiency and influences physiological arousal. One of the biomarkers indicating the amount of physiological arousal is skin conductance level (SCL). The aim of our study is to understand how individual differences in personality (e.g. neuroticism), general imagery and situational sport anxiety are linked to arousal measuring with SCL in situational imagery. Thirty participants aged between 14 and 42 years (M = 22.93; SD = 5.24), with sport experience ranging between 2 and 20 years (M = 10.15; SD = 4.75), took part in our study. Participants listened to each previously recorded script and then were asked to imagine the scene for a minute. During the task SCL was monitored using the Biofeedback Expert 2000. Machine learning predictive models based on artificial neural networks have been trained for prediction of physiological response, as a function of selected psychological tests. We found an association among neuroticism, prestart anxiety, and general tendency to use imagery with SCL. From a practical point of view our results may help athletes, coaches, and psychologists to be more aware of the role of individual differences in sport.
Revealing Corynebacterium glutamicum proteoforms through top-down proteomics
Authors: Melo Reynaldo Magalhães , de Souza Jaques Miranda Ferreira , Williams Thomas Christopher Rhys , Fontes Wagner , de Sousa Marcelo Valle , Ricart Carlos André Ornelas , do Vale Luis Henrique Ferreira 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCorynebacterium glutamicum is a bacterium widely employed in the industrial production of amino acids as well as a broad range of other biotechnological products. The present study describes the characterization of C. glutamicum proteoforms, and their post-translational modifications (PTMs) employing top-down proteomics. Despite previous evidence of PTMs having roles in the regulation of C. glutamicum metabolism, this is the first top-down proteome analysis of this organism. We identified 1125 proteoforms from 273 proteins, with 60% of proteins presenting at least one mass shift, suggesting the presence of PTMs, including several acetylated, oxidized and formylated proteoforms. Furthermore, proteins relevant to amino acid production, protein secretion, and oxidative stress were identified with mass shifts suggesting the presence of uncharacterized PTMs and proteoforms that may affect biotechnologically relevant processes in this industrial workhorse. For instance, the membrane proteins mepB and SecG were identified as a cleaved and a formylated proteoform, respectively. While in the central metabolism, OdhI was identified as two proteoforms with potential biological relevance: a cleaved proteoform and a proteoform with PTMs corresponding to a 70 Da mass shift.
Donor cord blood aging accelerates in recipients after transplantation
Authors: Onizuka Makoto , Imanishi Tadashi , Harada Kaito , Aoyama Yasuyuki , Amaki Jun , Toyosaki Masako , Machida Shinichiro , Kikkawa Eri , Yamada Sanetoshi , Nakabayashi Kazuhiko , Hata Kenichiro , Higashimoto Ken , Soejima Hidenobu , Ando Kiyoshi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCord blood stem cell transplantation is an important alternative for patients needing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. However, it is unclear how cord blood cells, which are 0 years old, age in the recipient’s body after allogeneic transplantation. We performed DNA methylation (DNAm) age analysis to measure the age of cells using post-transplant peripheral blood in 50 cases of cord blood transplantation. The median chronological age (the time elapsed from the date of the cord blood transplant to the day the sample was taken for DNAm analysis) of donor cells was 4.0 years (0.2–15.0 years), while the median DNAm age was 10.0 years (1.3–30.3 years), and the ratio of DNAm age to chronological age (AgeAccel) was 2.7 (1.2–8.2). When comparing the mean values of AgeAccel in cord blood transplant cases and controls, the values were significantly higher in cord blood transplant cases. The characteristics of patients and transplant procedures were not associated with AgeAccel in this analysis, nor were they associated with the development of graft-versus-host disease. However, this analysis revealed that transplanting 0-year-old cord blood into a recipient resulted in cells aging more than twice as quickly as the elapsed time. The results shed light on the importance of the mismatch between cord blood stem cells and donor environmental factors in stem cell aging.
An optimisation method of whole‐process restoration decision‐making of power systems considering disturbance‐resisting ability of the restored network
Authors: Gu Xueping , Bai Yansong , Li Shaoyan , Liu Ke , Liu Yutian , Wang Hongtao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDisturbance‐resisting ability (DRA) of the restored network needs to be considered when making a restoration scheme of power systems, to ensure system security and reduce secondary blackout risk. This paper proposes an optimisation method of whole‐process restoration decision‐making with DRA of the restored network in consideration. Firstly, a load rate balance (LRB) index of the restored network is defined to represent the DRA index during restoration. Then, an optimisation model of whole‐process restoration decision‐making is established, considering the LRB index of the restored system. To solve the model by a linear programming method, the non‐linear terms in the model are transformed into linear forms. Finally, a time‐step decoupling method to reduce solving difficultness of the established model with the LRB index is derived, with purpose of accelerating the solving process. The numerical results of the IEEE 30‐bus system and a practical power system verify effectiveness of the proposed method to obtain a restoration scheme to balance the system restoration benefit and security.
A lightweight image splicing tampering localization method based on MobileNetV2 and SRM
Authors: Shi Xiaoqian , Li Ping , Wu Hao , Chen Qidong , Zhu Haoyu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe architectures of many state‐of‐the‐art local tempering detection models are complexity, and the training process of those models is also time‐consuming. Therefore, this paper constructs a lightweight local tampering detection method based on the convolutional network MobileNetV2 and a dual‐stream network. Specifically, the algorithm first improves the MobileNetv2, which not only reduces the multiple of its downsampling operator to retain richer traces of image tampering, but also introduces the dilated convolution in it to expand the receptive field of feature maps. The dual‐stream network uses RGB stream to extract image tampering features such as strong contrast difference and unnatural tampered boundaries, and implements spatial rich model (SRM) stream to extract image tampered area and noise features of real area. Finally, the features extracted from two streams are fused through an improved attention mechanism called parallel convolutional block attention module (CBAM), which can improve the sensitivity of the model to important features in RGB and SRM. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm still has higher positioning accuracy than some existing algorithms, while achieving lightweight.