bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural optimization design of a bolster based on a simulation-driven design method
Authors: Li Xinkang , Peng Fei , Yang Zeyun , Peng Yong , Zhou Jiahao 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A simulation-driven design method which uses multiple optimization methods can effectively promote innovative structural design and reduce the product development cycle. Meanwhile, the sub-model technology which has more detailed simulation and optimization analysis can enormously improve the efficiency of modelling and solving. This study establishes a general workflow of structural optimization for a stainless-steel metro bolster by combining the simulation-driven design method and sub-model technology. In the sub-model definition phase, the end underframe sub-model which contains the bolster is obtained based on the whole car body finite element (FE) model, and the effectiveness of the end underframe sub-model is also proved. In the conceptual design phase, the topology path inside the bolster is obtained by the topology method and the optimized structure of the inner ribs inside the bolster is determined according to manufacturing processes and design experiences. In the detailed design phase, the thickness of each part of the bolster is determined by size optimization. The simulation analyses indicate that the requirements of static strength and fatigue strength are fulfilled by the optimized bolster structure. Besides, the weight can be reduced by 11.18% and the weld length can be decreased by 17.79% compared with the original bolster structure, which means that not only the lightweight design goal is achieved, but also the welding quantity and manufacturing difficulty are greatly reduced. The results show the effectiveness of the simulation-driven design method based on the sub-model technology in the structural optimization for key parts of rail transit vehicles.
Airborne transmission of virus-laden droplets in an aircraft cabin
Authors: Li Yu , Wang Xuhui , Yang Jie , Zhang Zemiao , Wang Chenglei , Qian Bosen , Tian Xudong , Wang Tiantian 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study investigates the airborne transmission of virus-laden droplets generated by a cough of patients in an aircraft cabin to reveal the infection risk of taking an airplane. The influence of the ventilation system on the flow field of the cabin was analysed to reveal its effects on the airborne transmission of virus-laden droplets. Meanwhile, human body heat was also considered in the simulations. The results show that hot plume due to human body heat has a significant impact on the upward movement of virus-laden droplets. The virus-laden droplets expelled by a cough can be transmitted to the region two to three rows away from the generator. Particularly, the transverse motion present in the early stage of the droplet transmission results in a high infection risk to the passengers in the same row as the patient. This work gives insight into the understanding of the airborne transmission of virus-laden droplets in the entire passenger cabin.
A Real-Time PCR Assay to Detect and Quantify Root-Knot Nematodes from Soil Extracts
Authors: Hodson Amanda K. , Celayir Tugce , Quiroz Alonso Alejandra 
Published: December 2022

Root-knot nematodes cause forking and stubbing of the growing carrot root tip, decreasing market value and reducing yield by up to 45%. Since crop damage by these nematodes depends on their initial population densities at planting, preplant detection of potentially low nematode numbers is critical for predicting future yield loss. The aim of this study was to overcome some of the drawbacks of the labor- and time-intensive process of root-knot nematode identification and quantification by developing and field testing a real-time PCR (qPCR) assay. Primers were designed targeting the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita species complex, which includes M. incognita as well as the closely related Meloidogyne javanica and Meloidogyne arenaria. The qPCR assay successfully detected each species and showed little amplification for nontarget nematode groups except for the sister group Meloidogyne enterolobii, which is not known to occur in California. Predicted nematode densities related well with microscopic counts of nematodes from prepared solutions, as well as from solutions extracted from field soil. In a greenhouse experiment, the qPCR assay distinguished between low, medium, and high levels of M. incognita infection and qPCR predicted densities at planting were negatively related in linear models with final carrot fresh weight, length, and diameter. These results suggest that qPCR assays could be a valuable diagnostic tool to predict nematode infections and prevent crop losses. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Sexual Behavior and Awareness of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Among Street-Based Female Sex Workers in the Florence Area, Central Italy
Authors: Giomi Barbara , Silvestri Caterina , Bravi Stefano , Stasi Cristina , Bertini Lisa , Mechi Leslie , Mordini Serena , Zocco Nicoletta , Voller Fabio , Cipriani Francesco 
Published: December 2022

Objective:
Street-based female sex workers are more likely to practice unprotected sex with multiple partners increases their risk of infection with sexually transmitted diseases. This study was performed to evaluate the understanding of and risk factors for sexually transmitted diseases among street-based female sex workers.

Methods:
A survey consisted of a sociodemographic section and a health section was conducted from June to August in two consecutive years (2012-2013) using an anonymous questionnaire compiled by street-based female sex workers in the area of Florence (Central Italy). A descriptive analysis of sociodemographic, epidemiological, and anamnestic variables was performed using common methods for proportions; associations between variables were assessed using univariate and bivariate logistic regression.

Results:
Totally 122 street-based female sex workers (mean age, 24.1 years; age range, 17–45 years) were enrolled, and were from Europe (63.1%) (mainly from Romania [48.4%] and Albania [13.1%]), Africa (31.2%) (specifically Nigeria), and South America (5.7%). Of the 122 street-based female sex workers, 63% were married/engaged and 37% were single. More than half had been living in Italy and Florence for more than 1 year; 72.8% stated that they possessed a residence permit and the others were illegal migrants. Eighteen (15%) street-based female sex workers also worked in the industry in neighboring European countries. Their level of education was generally high: 58.1% had completed secondary school (lower secondary school and upper secondary school). A total of 81.4% stated that they perceived an actual fear of contracting human immunodeficiency virus; in fact, 43.3% had never been tested for any sexually transmitted diseases except for human immunodeficiency virus.

Conclusion:
Despite the long-time involvement of street-based female sex workers in the commercial sex industry, the large numbers of clients and a strong perception of concerns about sexually transmitted diseases. This study confirms a low rate of condom use and blood screening, and corresponding science education and health screening efforts need to be strengthened in this high risk population.
Antimicrobial prophylaxis in patients undergoing endoscopic mucosal resection for 10- to 20-mm colorectal polyps: A randomized prospective study
Authors: Zheng Linfu , Jiang Liping , Li Dazhou , Chen Longping , Jiang Chuanshen , Xie Longke , Zhou Linxin , Huang Jianxiao , Liu Meiyan , Wang Wen 
Published: December 2022

Background and purpose:
Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is frequently used for the removal of colorectal neoplasms. However, the use of prophylactic antibiotics in patients undergoing EMR is debatable. The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to assess whether antimicrobial prophylaxis is crucial in the perioperative period of EMR, especially for 10- to 20-mm lesions in this setting.

Methods:
Two hundred and sixty-four patients were randomized equally into 2 groups, the antibiotic (cefixime) group and the control group. The occurrence of adverse events was examined at 1 to 3 days after EMR. Plasma levels of inflammatory markers were analyzed at pre-operation, 1 day post-operation and 3 days post-operation. Blood samples collected at 1 day post-operation were used for culture.

Results:
A total of 264 and 268 polyps were removed by EMR in the antibiotic group and the control group, respectively. There were 5 cases of fever, with 2 in the antibiotic group and 3 in the control group. In the antibiotic group, 12 patients had abdominal pain and 10 suffered bleeding, whereas in the control group, abdominal pain and bleeding were observed in 10 and 11 patients, respectively. There were no significant differences in the proportion of patients with fever or the incidences of postoperative complications between the groups. No significant differences between the groups were reported in plasma levels of white blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein or procalcitonin at pre-operation or post-operation. No patients provided positive blood cultures.

Conclusions:
The use the prophylactic antibiotics for EMR procedures in the perioperative period is no longer required when the lesions are 10 to 20 mm in size.
The role of vitamin D in the severity and control of asthma in children and adolescents: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ladeira Joelia Maria Costa Dias , Zacas Olívia , Ferreira Amanda Miranda , Gomes Stegun Patrícia Chaib , Grotta Milena Baptistella , Toro Adyleia Aparecida Dalbo Contrera 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Vitamin D plays an important role in the immune system and consequently in the inflammatory process of asthma. It acts directly on the regulation of helper T lymphocytes 1 (Th1) and helper T lymphocytes 2 (Th2) cells, and regulatory T lymphocytes. Evidence shows that vitamin D acts on dendritic cells, raising inflammatory mediators and increasing the imbalance between Th1, Th2, and helper T lymphocytes 17 (Th17). Evidence shows a strong association between vitamin D levels and asthma incidence, especially in patients with severe and uncontrolled asthma.

Methods:
A systematic and comprehensive search will be performed using four main databases, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Articles will be searched from the earliest available time to august 2022. The studied population will be composed of children and or adolescents with asthma. From the data obtained, all articles found will be transferred to the Rayyan platform. Study selection will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Checklist (PRISMA P-2020). In addition, if sufficient data are available, a meta-analysis will be conducted. Two independent reviewers will conduct the studies selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. The outcome measures will be to analyze the serum levels of vitamin D in patients with asthma and to relate this hormone to the control and severity of the disease and its anti- inflammatory effect.

Results:
A systematic review will provide better knowledge regarding vitamin D and its role in the severity and control of asthma.

Conclusions:
The findings of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.
PADI4 and IL-33 gene polymorphisms associated with differential susceptibility to juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus and juvenile idiopathic arthritis in Chinese children
Authors: Zhou Yu , Liu Xinle 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) are two common types of autoimmune diseases in children with unclear pathogenesis. Both peptidyl arginine deiminase type IV (PADI4) and interleukin 33 (IL-33) are the key molecular involved in immune responses in autoimmune diseases. Usually, it may share the same risk genetic alleles for autoimmune diseases.

Methods:
So measurement of PADI4 and IL-33 polymorphisms was conducted with 303 healthy controls, 144 JSLE patients and 160 JIA patients in this study.

Results:
It demonstrated that there was a significant association between PADI4 genotypes (rs2240340: CT, CT + CC), IL-33 genotype (rs1929992: TT) and JSLE susceptibility in Southwest China population. While no significant association with the risk of JIA were observed no matter at allelic or genotypic levels.

Conclusions:
Our study reveals the importance of PADI4 and IL-33 polymorphisms with JSLE risk and their roles in the development of the diseases need more further researches.
The effect of dilated cardiomyopathy with moyamoya disease in a 31-year-old Chinese man: A case report
Authors: Dong Xia Yun , Yang Jie , Yang Chuan Hua 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a clinically common and refractory disease; however, few cases of dilated cardiomyopathy have been reported in patients with moyamoya diseases treated by combining traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Western medicine, which has a higher risk of rehabilitation.

Case Summary:
A 31-year-old man was admitted due to paroxysmal chest tightness and shortness of breath. He denied a history of DCM, hypertension, diabetes, pericarditis, smoking, and alcohol consumption. On admission, his transesophageal echocardiography (Fig. 1A) showed the larger heart with poor myocardial systolic function (left ventricular end diastolic diameter [LVEDd] 60 mm, left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] 38% [Teich]). On day 14 of admission, heart-related indicators were better than before.

Conclusion:
The present case is the first report demonstrating appearance the dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and moyamoya disease simultaneously in a 31-year-old Chinese man, aimed to report the treatment of such patients using a combination of TCM and Western medicine and analyzing the necessity and advantages of using this treatment for patients suffering from DCM and moyamoya disease, so as to improve the level of clinical diagnosis and treatment of such diseases.
Three-dimensional high-resolution anorectal manometry: A comparative pilot study with X-ray defaecography
Authors: Liu Qihong , Fang Wenyi , Zhao Peilin , He Yanqin , Gao HaiHua , Ke Xiao 
Published: December 2022

Three-dimensional high-resolution anorectal manometry (3DHRAM) is a new technique that can explore anorectal disorders and provide interesting topographic data for the diagnosis of pelvic floor disorders such as paradoxical puborectalis syndrome (PPS). Our object was to evaluate whether 3DHRAM can reliably diagnose PPS already diagnosed with X-ray defaecography, which is considered to be the gold standard.
All patients being tested in our department for dyschezia by 3D-HRAM and X-ray defecography were eligible for the study. The 3DHRAM results were compared with X-ray defecography. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated for various 3DHRAM criteria to propose a diagnostic strategy for PPS.
Twenty-three patients presented with PPS on X-ray defaecography. On 3DHRAM, according to our diagnostic strategy, the kappa value was 0.706, with a positive predictive value of 71.88% [95% CI, 53.02–85.60], a specificity of 80.43% [95% CI, 65.62–90.13], a sensibility of 95.83% [95% CI, 76.98–99.78], and area under curve value was 0.922.
In this study, 3DHRAM was used to diagnose PPS with the same degree of reliability as X-ray defaecography, and we confirmed its use in the diagnosis of pelvic floor disorders. Further studies will be necessary to define classifications for these new anatomic data from 3DHRAM.
Chuna manual therapy for the treatment of anorexia in children: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Hesol , Lee Boram , Lee Sun Haeng , Chang Gyu Tae 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Anorexia in children can cause malnutrition, low immunity, growth retardation, and various secondary infections, resulting in a huge burden on society. In East Asia, Chuna manual therapy has been widely used for the treatment of childhood anorexia. We aimed to comprehensively evaluate the effects of Chuna manual therapy for treating childhood anorexia.

Methods:
Twelve databases were comprehensively searched from their inception to September 13, 2022. Only randomized controlled trials assessing Chuna manual therapy for the treatment of childhood anorexia were included. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. The quality of evidence for each main outcome was evaluated using the grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation approach. A meta-analysis was performed, and the pooled data were presented as risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dichotomous outcomes.

Results:
Twenty-five RCTs involving 2230 participants were included. The meta-analysis showed that Chuna manual therapy had a higher total effective rate (TER) based on anorexia symptoms than that of lysine inositol and vitamin B12 (RR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.28–1.84), multi-enzyme and multi-vitamin (RR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.11–1.33), and zinc calcium gluconate (RR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.06–1.39). There was no significant difference in total effective rate between Chuna manual therapy and zinc gluconate plus lysine. No adverse events associated with Chuna manual therapy were reported. Overall, the included studies had an unclear risk of bias, and the quality of evidence was generally moderate to low.

Conclusion:
Current evidence showed that Chuna manual therapy may be effective and safe for improving anorexia symptoms, especially compared with lysine inositol and vitamin B12, multi-enzyme plus multi-vitamin, and zinc calcium gluconate. However, owing to the low methodological quality of the included studies, more rigorous, high-quality RCTs are required on this topic.
Efficacy of Yiqi Yangyin Jiedu decoction in postoperative patients with thyroid cancer: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Qiao , Zhang Qiuju , Liu Yili , Zhao Shan , Zhang Bo , Xie Bingxin 
Published: December 2022

Background:
There is no evidence-based data to confirm the efficacy of Yiqi Yangyin Jiedu Decoction (YYJD) in postoperative thyroid cancer patients. Therefore, in order to provide new evidence-based medical evidence for clinical treatment, we used this protocol to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of YYJD in postoperative patients with thyroid cancer.

Methods:
This systematic review and meta-analysis has been prospectively registered in the PROSPERO (No. CRD42022365826). Six databases, including Medicine, Embase, Cochrane, CNKI, Wan Fang, and VIP, will be searched from their inception to February 1, 2023. Clinical controlled studies investigating the efficacy and safety of YYJD in patients after thyroid cancer surgery will all be considered for inclusion. The primary outcomes are tumor recurrence rate and overall survival. The secondary outcomes include treatment-related adverse effects, length of hospital stay, and patient satisfaction. All data will be analyzed using R version 3.4.3 to calculate pooled standardized mean differences for outcomes. Data that can not be retrieved will be interpreted from graphs using digital ruler software.

Results:
The results of this paper will fill a gap in the literature regarding this project.

Conclusion:
We assume that the YYJD has a positive effect.
Identification of prognostic values of the transcription factor-CpG-gene triplets in lung adenocarcinoma: A narrative review
Authors: Lian Duohuang , Lian Luoyu , Zeng Dehua , Zhang Meiqing , Chen Mengmeng , Liu Yaming , Ying Wenmin , Zhou Shunkai 
Published: December 2022

Objective:
Abnormal DNA methylation can regulate carcinogenesis in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), while transcription factors (TFs) mediate methylation in a site-specific manner to affect downstream transcriptional regulation and tumor progression. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the TF-methylation-gene regulatory relationships that influence LUAD prognosis.

Methods:
Differential analyses of methylation sites and genes were generated by integrating transcriptome and methylome profiles from public databases. Through target gene identification, motif enrichment in the promoter region, and TF prediction, TF-methylation and methylation-gene relation pairs were obtained. Then, the prognostic TF-methylation-gene network was constructed using univariate Cox regression analysis. Prognostic models were constructed based on the key regulatory axes. Finally, Kaplan-Meier curves were created to evaluate the model efficacy and the relationship between candidate genes and prognosis.

Results:
A total of 1878 differential expressed genes and 1233 differential methylation sites were screened between LUAD and normal samples. Then 10 TFs were predicted to bind 144 enriched motifs. After integrating TF-methylation and methylation-gene relations, a prognostic TF-methylation-gene network containing 4 TFs, 111 methylation sites, and 177 genes was constructed. In this network, ERG-cg27071152-MTURN and FOXM1-cg19212949-PTPR regulatory axes were selected to construct the prognostic models, which showed robust abilities in predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival probabilities. Finally, ERG and MTURN were downregulated in LUAD samples, whereas FOXM1 and PTPR were upregulated. Their expression levels were related to LUAD prognosis.

Conclusion:

ERG-cg27071152-MTURN and FOXM1-cg19212949-PTPR regulatory axes were proposed as potential biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of LUAD.
A review of polydactyly and its inheritance: Connecting the dots
Authors: Bubshait Dalal K 
Published: December 2022

Objective:
This study collects what is known about the inheritance underpinnings of syndromic and non-syndromic polydactylies and highlights dactyly presentations with unknown genetic roots. This review summarizes the current information and genetics-enhanced understanding of polydactyly.

Background:
There is a frequency of 0.37 to 1.2 per 1000 live births for polydactyly, which is also known as hyperdactyly. It is characterized by the presence of extra fingers. Polydactyly is caused by a failure in limb development, specifically the patterning of the developing limb bud. The phenotypic and genetic variability of polydactyly makes its etiology difficult to understand. Pre-axial polydactyly, central polydactyly (axial), and postaxial polydactyly are all examples of non-syndromic polydactyly (ulnar). An autosomal dominant disorder with varying penetrance that is mostly passed down via limb development patterning abnormalities.

Method:
A comprehensive search of MEDLINE/PubMed and other databases was followed by an evaluation of the relevant papers, with a particular focus on those published between 2000 and 2022.

Results:
Of 747 published article related to Polydactyly from MEDLINE/PubMed search, 43 were from the last 10 years and were the focus of this review.

Conclusion:
Polydactyly is one of the most frequent congenital hand malformations. PAP is more common than PPD, whereas central polydactyly is very uncommon.