bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transparent Superhydrophobic Coatings of Silica Nanoparticles Using Functionalized Polyurethanes
Authors: Sheyara R. T. Birla , Ramar Periyamuthu , Satheeshkumar Muthu , Kumar B. V. N. Phani , Samanta Debasis 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSuperhydrophobic coatings are essential to prepare water‐repellent surfaces, self‐cleaning materials, etc. Silica nano‐materials are often immobilized to different surfaces for imparting super‐hydrophobicity. Direct coating of silica‐nanoparticles is often challenging since it can easily be peeled off under different environments. Herein, we reported the use of properly functionalized polyurethanes to facilitate the strong binding of silica‐nanoparticles to surfaces. The alkyne terminal polyurethane was synthesized by step‐growth polymerization while click‐reactions facilitated to post‐functionalization using phenyl moiety and were characterized by 1H, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies, and 1H spin‐lattice relaxation times (T1s). Upon functionalization, the glass transition temperature (Tg) increased due to enhanced interchain interactions. Moreover, additives like di(propyleneglycol)dibenzoate showed a substantial plasticizing effect to compensate for the increase in Tg, an important parameter for low‐temperature applications. NMR signatures the spatial interactions between various protons of grafted silica‐nanoparticles and phenyl triazole functionalized polyurethanes, thus indicating the usefulness of polyurethanes to bind silica‐nanoparticles. After coating functionalized silica‐nanoparticles to leather using functionalized polyurethanes, a contact angle value of more than 157° was observed with retention of grain patterns of leather due to transparency. We anticipate the results to help design varieties of materials with superhydrophobicity where the structural integrity of the surfaces is retained.
Infrared detectors for first generation extremely large telescope instruments and their characterization program
Authors: Bezawada Naidu , George Elizabeth , Ives Derek , Alvarez Domingo , Serra Benoit , Mehrgan Leander , Müller Eric , Haug Marcus , Leveratto Serban , Pfuhl Oliver , Guzman Ronald , Guidolin Ivan , Jost Andreas , Popovic Dan , Moins Christophe , Klein Barbara , Conzelmann Ralf , Accardo Matteo , Brinkmann Martin 
Published: April 2023

The detectors for the three first generation extremely large telescope (ELT) instruments MICADO (Multi‐AO Imaging Camera for Deep Observations), HARMONI (A High Angular Resolution Monolithic Optical and Near‐infrared Integral Field Spectrograph), and METIS (A Mid‐infrared ELT Imager and Spectrograph) cover from the optical to longwave infrared wavelengths. MICADO and HARMONI detector focal planes require 17 H4RG (Hawaii‐4RG) near‐infrared whilst the METIS focal planes consist of 5 SWIR (shortwave infrared) detectors and one longwave infrared detector. Procurement of the optical and SWIR detectors has been completed, whilst the H4RGs and long wavelength detectors are still in progress. A custom cryogenic facility for infrared array testing (FIAT) has been designed and developed at European Southern Observatory (ESO) over the last few years in order to characterize the infrared detectors for ELT and future Very Large Telescope instruments. FIAT is currently being commissioned in our labs with an H4RG engineering detector. FIAT will be used to characterize the science H4RG‐15 detectors for MICADO and HARMONI, the two first‐light instruments of the ELT while the existing Mosaic Test Facility (MTF) will be used for characterizing the SWIR detectors for METIS. This paper presents an overview of the detector systems for the three instruments, their engineering challenges, and the requirements for the detectors' performance and their characterization program. The paper will also describe a test setup for H4RG detectors including a new preamplifier design with options to operate the detector in different modes and it will also report on the test results from the engineering H4RG detector, as part of the commissioning of FIAT and discuss detector performance and related detector issues.
Develop adult extrapolation to pediatrics and pediatric dose optimization based on the physiological pharmacokinetic model of azithromycin
Authors: Liang Luhua , Li Wentao , Zhang Zhihao , Li Dingyuan , Pu Sijing , Xiang Rongwu , Zhai Fei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPhysiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models are more frequently used for supporting pediatric dose selection in small‐molecule drugs. Through literature research, drug parameters of azithromycin and clinical data from different studies were obtained. Through parameter optimization of the absorption and dissolution process, the adult intravenous model was extended to the adult oral model. The adult intravenous and oral PBPK models are precise to meet the AAFE<2 standard, and the pharmacokinetic parameters of the predicted values of the model are all within the mean standard deviation of the clinical observations. The values of plasma protein unbound fraction, renal clearance, and gastric juice pH between adults and pediatrics were changed by using the age‐dependent pediatric organ maturity formula, and the adult model was extrapolated to the pediatric model. The final developed pediatric PBPK model was used to evaluate optimal dosing for children of different developmental ages. The relationship between the frist dose and age was as follows: 8.8 mg/kg/day from 0.5 to 2 years old, 9.2 mg/kg/day from 3 to 6 years old, 9.4 mg/kg/day from 7 to 12 years old, and 8.2 mg/kg/day from 13 to 18 years old, taken in half for 2–5 days. Simultaneously, the simulated exposures achieved with the dosing regimen proposed were comparable to adult plasma exposures for treatment of community‐acquired pneumonia. A reasonable azithromycin pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic model for adults and pediatrics has been established, which can be demonstrated by the use of literature pediatric data to develop pediatric PBPK models, expanding the scope of this powerful modeling tool.
In‐depth analysis of patterns in selection of different physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling tools: Part I – Applications and rationale behind the use of open source‐code software
Authors: Rajput Arham Jamaal , Aldibani Hamza Khaled Abdelmajed , Rostami‐Hodjegan Amin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPBPK applications published in the literature support a greater adoption of non‐open source‐code (NOSC) software as opposed to open source‐code (OSC) alternatives. However, a significant number of PBPK modelers are still using OSC software, understanding the rationale for the use of this modality is important and may help those embarking on PBPK modeling. No previous analysis of PBPK modeling trends has included the rationale of the modeler. An in‐depth analysis of PBPK applications of OSC software is warranted to determine the true impact of OSC software on the rise of PBPK. Publications focusing on PBPK modeling applications, which used OSC software, were identified by systematically searching the scientific literature for original articles. A total of 171 articles were extracted from the narrowed subset. The rise in the use of OSC software for PBPK applications was greater than the general discipline of pharmacokinetics (9 vs. 4), but less than the overall growth of the PBPK area (9 vs. 43). Our report demonstrates conclusively that the surge in PBPK usage is primarily attributable to the availability and implementations of NOSC software. Modelers preferred not to share the reasons for their selection of certain modeling software and no ‘explicit’ rationale was given to support the use of OSC analysed by this study. As the preference for NOSC versus OSC software tools in the PBPK area continues to be divided, initiatives to add the rationale in using one form over another to every future PBPK modeling report will be a welcomed and informative addition.
Rapid synthesis of BaMoO4:Eu3+ red phosphors using microwave irradiation
Authors: Li Zhao , Cheng Ju‐long , Wang Ya‐nan , Wu Kun‐yao , Cao Jing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study synthesized BaMoO4:Eu3+ red phosphors using the microwave method. In addition, the phase composition, morphology, and luminescence properties of the red phosphors were characterized using X‐ray diffraction, field‐scanning electron microscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The results revealed that doping red phosphors with different concentrations of Eu3+ does not change the crystal structure of the matrix material. The BaMoO4:Eu3+ phosphors exhibited micron‐scale irregular polyhedra, which could be excited by ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 395 nm to induce red‐light emission. The optimal dosage of Eu3+ was 0.08, and the chromaticity coordinates of BaMoO4:0.08Eu3+ phosphors were (0.5869, 0.3099). White light‐emitting diode (w‐LED) devices manufactured by using a combination of BaMoO4:0.08Eu3+ phosphor and commercially available phosphors exhibited good white‐light emission under the excitation of an ultraviolet chip. The BaMoO4:0.08Eu3+ red phosphors that rapidly synthesized under the microwave field are expected to be used in w‐LED devices.
Social media as a learning tool in anatomy education from the perspective of medical and dental students
Authors: Ortadeveci Abdullah , Ozden Hilmi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe traditional approach to anatomy teaching is still the most common. Recently, there has been a demand for methods that make students more active and open to communication and cooperation, and are well integrated with technology. Our aim in this study was to determine the social media usage characteristics and anatomy learning experiences of medical and dentistry students, and their expectations about learning via social media. A questionnaire was prepared and distributed to faculties of Medicine and Dentistry in 10 different universities in Türkiye via Google forms. The questionnaire was voluntarily answered by 762 students. Frequency, exploratory factor and confirmatory factor analyses were applied to the data acquired, and a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach was used. The results showed that 54.3% of the students spent more than 90 min/day on social media; 96.5% of the participants preferred to follow anatomical content pages on social media (acpSM) administered by an academic. They stated that the instant responses from acpSM's admin had a positive effect on motivation to learning (4.08 ± 0.89, mean ± SD, on 5‐point Likert‐type scale). The SEM revealed a statistically significant correlation between the students' learning motivation and the sufficiency and suitability of acpSM content (p < 0.010). Thus, medical and dental students are eager to learn anatomy via social media. However, they found acpSM to be insufficient in quality and quantity and wanted future content to be administered by academics. An acpSM optimized for content sufficiency and suitability increased students' learning motivation.
Particle implantation combined with chemotherapy for rhabdomyosarcoma of the head and neck: A 8‐year long‐term follow‐up case report
Authors: He Sidou , Tian Shuhang , Xu Na , Zhang Jianguo , Duan Chao , Ma Xiaoli 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRhabdomyosarcomas (RMSs) are highly malignant soft‐tissue sarcomas. Head and neck RMSs often pose unique challenges to treatment because of their closeness to important structures. We here report a rare case of a 1‐year‐old boy with a 1‐month history of right eye swelling and an eye mass. Biopsy of deep tumors in the maxillofacial region supports embryonal RMS. Postoperative positron emission computed tomography showed a 5.0 cm × 4.8 cm × 4.2 cm malignant tumor in the right maxillary region. In accordance with the international RMS study group guideline, the child was diagnosed with IIIa and TNM stage T2bN1M1 embryonal RMS. The child was treated with a combination of chemotherapy and 125I seed implantation radiotherapy and eventually achieved partial remission. This case report shows that 125I seed implantation is a safe and effective means of delivering radiotherapy to young children with head and neck RMSs. It may be an option for children with RMSs for whom surgery or external radiotherapy is unsuitable.
Pyrotinib alone or in combination with docetaxel in refractory HER2‐positive gastric cancer: A dose‐escalation phase I study
Authors: Liu Dan , Kou Furong , Gong Jifang , Wang Zhiqiang , Zhang Xiaotian , Li Jian , Li Yan , Li Jie , Zhou Jun , Lu Ming , Wang Xicheng , Lu Zhihao , Cao Yanshuo , Zou Jianjun , Zhu Xiaoyu , Xu Ruihua , Shen Lin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimPyrotinib (an irreversible pan‐ErbB small‐molecular tyrosine kinase inhibitor) was approved in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐positive breast cancer and showed great antitumor activity in preclinical studies of gastric cancer (GC). This study was first designed to prospectively assess pyrotinib in pretreated HER2‐positive GC.MethodsThis multicenter, phase I study followed a standard “3 + 3” design and included two parts. In the pyrotinib part, pyrotinib was administered orally, once per day at dose levels of 240, 320, 400, and 480 mg. In the pyrotinib plus docetaxel part, patients received pyrotinib (qd, d1‐21, q3W) combined with docetaxel (60 mg/m2, d1, q3W) at dose levels of 240, 320, and 400 mg. Primary endpoints were to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of pyrotinib as monotherapy or coadministered with docetaxel.ResultsA total of 25 patients were enrolled and received pyrotinib (n = 15) or pyrotinib plus docetaxel (n = 10). One DLT was observed in pyrotinib monotherapy part (Grade 3 uncontrolled diarrhea after supportive care) and pyrotinib plus docetaxel part (Grade 4 neutropenia and leukopenia). In the pyrotinib monotherapy part, MTD was not reached. Diarrhea, anemia, neutropenia, and leukopenia were the most common treatment‐related adverse events (TRAEs). The RP2D for pyrotinib monotherapy was recommended as 400 mg. After combining with docetaxel, the risk of leukopenia and neutropenia was increased. Grade ≥3 TRAEs were reported for four patients in the monotherapy part and for eight patients in the combination part. Mean t1/2 was approximately 20 h. Pyrotinib exposure was dose‐dependent with a nonlinear relationship versus dose. There were five patients who had confirmed partial response (monotherapy: one each at 240, 400, and 480 mg dose cohort; combination therapy: two at 240 mg dose cohort), resulting in an objective response rate of 21% and 20%, respectively.ConclusionsPyrotinib alone and combined with docetaxel showed acceptable toxicities in patients with pretreated HER2‐positive GC.Trial RegistrationThis study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02378389.
Variations in colorectal cancer pattern of care by age and comorbidity in South Australia
Authors: Gheybi Kazzem , Buckley Elizabeth , Vitry Agnes , Roder David 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundAdvanced age is associated with decreased likelihood of colorectal cancer treatment. Here, we investigated the extent to which comorbidities are accountable for this lesser treatment.MethodsUsing population‐based datasets, the pattern of care among CRC cases in South Australia during 2004–2013 was investigated. Models were used to investigate associations of age with each treatment type, and differences in these associations were explored by comorbidity and cancer site.ResultsThe presence of comorbidity was associated with a significantly weaker relationship of age with surgery and chemotherapy. The association of age with surgery also varied for colon and rectal primary cancer sites. Individual comorbidity types varied in their associations with each treatment category. For example, dementia was associated with less chemotherapy provision, however, it was not significantly related to the likelihood of surgery.ConclusionThis study indicates that the association of age with surgical treatment differed significantly by the CRC subsite. Comorbidity moderated the negative association of age with chemotherapy, and less so, with extent of surgery. Results were novel in indicating associations of multiple individual comorbidity types with CRC treatment modalities. The data suggest that different individual comorbidity types may have different effects on treatment and should be studied separately.
Efficacy of post‐first‐line agents for advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors following imatinib failure: A network meta‐analysis
Authors: Hu Kehan , Zhang Hu , Shu Mingrong , Wang Xingyue 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundImatinib is the standard first‐line treatment for advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs); however, most patients eventually develop imatinib resistance, leading to considerable clinical challenges. Few direct comparisons have been made between different post‐first‐line therapies on clinical efficacy in advanced GIST following imatinib failure.MethodsDatabases including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholars, and Cochrane Library from inception to February 2023 were retrieved for randomized controlled trials evaluating the clinical efficacy of different post‐first‐line agents for advanced GIST following imatinib failure. Network and conventional meta‐analysis were carried out using Stata/MP 16.0.ResultsRipretinib showed significant improvement in progression‐free survival (PFS) rates from the 2nd to the 12th month compared to placebo, while there was virtually no evidence that the rest active agents had a significant benefit at the 12th month. Masitinib, ripretinib, sunitinib, regorafenib, and pimitespib exhibited significantly longer median PFS than placebo, and pairwise comparisons indicated there were no significant differences among masitinib, ripretinib, and sunitinib. These post‐first‐line agents decreased the risk of disease progression or death by 65% (HR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.26–0.47) compared to placebo. Ripretinib and sunitinib came into effect earlier and exhibited more consistent overall survival (OS) rate improvements than masitinib and pimitespib, while pairwise comparisons revealed no significant differences in these four active agents concerning the improvement in OS rate. These post‐first‐line agents decreased the risk of death by 39% (HR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.44–0.83) over placebo for advanced GIST following imatinib failure.ConclusionThe active agents in our analysis as post‐first‐line therapies are able to provide superior clinical efficacy, with improved PFS rate and OS rate at certain time points, as well as absolute values of PFS and OS for advanced GIST. Ripretinib might be the optimal recommendation as a post‐first‐line treatment for advanced GIST following imatinib failure.
Pre‐treatment comorbidities, C‐reactive protein and eosinophil count, and immune‐related adverse events as predictors of survival with checkpoint inhibition for multiple tumour entities
Authors: Mehra Tarun , Dongre Kanchan , Boesing Maria , Frei Patricia , Suenderhauf Claudia , Zippelius Alfred , Leuppi Joerg D. , Wicki Andreas , Leuppi‐Taegtmeyer Anne B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe development of immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) may be associated with clinical efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) in patients with cancer. We therefore investigated the effect of irAEs and pre‐treatment parameters on outcome in a large, real‐life patient cohort.MethodsWe performed a single‐centre, retrospective, observational study including patients who received CPIs from 2011 to 2018 and followed until 2021. The primary outcome was overall survival, and the secondary outcome was the development of irAEs.ResultsIn total, 229 patients with different tumour entities (41% non‐small cell lung cancer [NSCLC], 29% melanoma) received a total of 282 CPI treatment courses (ipilimumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab or atezolizumab). Thirty‐four percent of patients developed irAEs (of these 17% had CTCAE Grade ≥3). Factors independently associated with mortality were pre‐treatment CRP ≥10 mg/L (hazard ratio [HR] 2.064, p = 0.0003), comorbidity measured by Charlson comorbidity index (HR 1.149, p = 0.014) and irAEs (HR 0.644, p = 0.036) (age‐adjusted, n = 216). Baseline eosinophil count ≤0.2 × 109/L was a further independent predictor of mortality (age‐, CRP‐, CCI‐ and irAE‐adjusted HR = 2.252, p = 0.002, n = 166). Anti‐CTLA‐4 use (p < 0.001), and pre‐treatment CRP <10 mg/L were independently associated with irAE occurrence (p = 0.037).ConclusionsWe found an independent association between irAE occurrence and improved overall survival in a real‐life cohort spanning multiple tumour entities and treatment regimens. Pre‐treatment comorbidities, CRP and eosinophil count represent potential markers for predicting treatment response.
Impact of race and ethnicity on presentation and outcomes of patients treated on rhabdomyosarcoma clinical trials: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Munnikhuysen Senna R. , Ekpo Princess A. , Xue Wei , Gao Zhengya , Lupo Philip J. , Venkatramani Rajkumar , Heske Christine M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundRacial and ethnic disparities have been demonstrated in pediatric and adult cancers. However, there is no consensus on whether such disparities exist in the presentation, treatment, and outcome of patients with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS).MethodsPatient information from the seven most recent RMS clinical trials was obtained from the Children's Oncology Group (COG). Chi‐squared analyses were used to compare patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics across racial and ethnic groups. Pairwise analyses comparing Non‐Hispanic Black (NHB) versus Non‐Hispanic White (NHW) racial groups and Hispanic versus NHW ethnic groups were conducted for significant characteristics. Kaplan–Meier method and Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests were performed to analyze outcomes.ResultsIn the overall cohort (n = 2157), patients' self‐identified race/ethnicity was: 0.4% American Indian/Alaska Native, 2.6% Asian, 12.6% Hispanic, 0.2% Native American/other Pacific Islander, 12.8% NHB, 61.9% NHW, and 9.6% unknown. Six characteristics differed by race/ethnicity: age, histology, IRS group, invasiveness, metastatic disease, and FOXO1 fusion partner. Five were significant in pairwise comparisons: NHB patients were more likely to present at age ≥ 10 years and with invasive tumors than NHW patients; Hispanic patients were more likely to present with alveolar histology, metastatic disease, and IRS group IV disease than NHW patients. No differences were found in event free or overall survival of the entire cohort, in risk group‐based subset analyses, or among patients with high‐risk characteristics significant on pairwise analysis.ConclusionsWhile NHB and Hispanic patients enrolled in COG trials presented with higher risk features than NHW patients, there were no outcome differences by racial or ethnic group.
Standardization of organoid culture in cancer research
Authors: Zhou Changchun , Wu Yuanbo , Wang Zeyu , Liu Yanli , Yu Jiaqi , Wang Weiping , Chen Sunrui , Wu Weihua , Wang Jidong , Qian Guowei , He Aina 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEstablishing a valid in vitro model to represent tumor heterogeneity and biology is critical but challenging. Tumor organoids are self‐assembled three‐dimensional cell clusters which are of great significance for recapitulating the histopathological, genetic, and phenotypic characteristics of primary tissues. The organoid has emerged as an attractive in vitro platform for tumor biology research and high‐throughput drug screening in cancer medicine. Organoids offer unique advantages over cell lines and patient‐derived xenograft models, but there are no standardized methods to guide the culture of organoids, leading to confusion in organoid studies that may affect accurate judgments of tumor biology. This review summarizes the shortcomings of current organoid culture methods, presents the latest research findings on organoid standardization, and proposes an outlook for organoid modeling.