bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unprecedented Benzyne‐Insertion Protocol Towards Catalyst‐Free Synthesis of Chromen‐4‐ones and Benzothiophen‐3‐ones
Authors: Rai Ankita , Singh Puneet K. , Patel Devkumari , Khuntey Bhushashi , Singh Manorama , Rai Vijai K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUnprecedented catalyst‐free synthesis of chromen‐4‐ones and bezothiophen‐3‐ones via insertion of in situ prepared benzyne intermediate into masked enal and masked mercapto acid is reported herein. The envisaged methodology does not need any catalyst and involves cycloaddition of benzyne, formed in situ, with 2,2,6‐trimethyl‐1,3‐dioxin‐4‐one and 2‐methyl‐2‐phenyl‐1,3‐oxathiolan‐5‐one to afford the target chromen‐4‐ones (75–89 %) and benzothiophen‐3‐ones (69–86 %) respectively.
Polymer‐supported Quaternary Phosphonium Ionic Liquid Catalysts for Efficient Fixation of CO2 into Cyclic Carbonates
Authors: Li Yongzhen , Yao Xiaoqian , Liu Yi , Li Ming , Su Qian , Liu Ying , Li Yunong , Yang Zifeng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe chemical conversion of CO2 into cyclic carbonate is an effective method for the resource utilization of CO2 and the production of cyclic carbonates. Herein, a series of polymer‐supported quaternary phosphonium ionic liquid catalysts with high grafting amount have been systematically designed and synthesized, and all catalysts could promote efficient fixation of CO2 into cyclic carbonate. According to the results of the experiment and simulation, it was found that the high catalytic activity was ascribed to the weak interaction energy of the anion and cation of the catalyst. Among them, PS−TPP−Cl, with lower interaction energy of 72.2 KJ/mol, showed better performance. Yet even after being recycled five times, its conversion of propylene oxide with little loss was still above 95 %. Furthermore, a possible cycloaddition mechanism for the synergetic effect of cation‐anion coordination has been proposed. This work will shed new light on the development of novel heterogeneous catalysts with promising properties for industrial applications.
Magnetically isolable Pd(0) nanoparticles supported on surface functionalized Fe3O4 for hydrogen generation via ammonia borane hydrolysis
Authors: Tercan Melek 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPd(0) nanoparticles supported on surface functionalized magnetite (Fe3O4/SiO2‐NH2/HB@Pd) were prepared as catalyst for hydrolysis of ammonia borane (AB). The obtained magnetic nanocomposite material was seperated from the reaction media through a permanent magnet and characterized by FT‐IR, XRD, SEM‐EDX, TEM, ICP‐OES and XPS techniques. 100 mg Fe3O4/SiO2−NH2/HB@Pd nanocomposite with Pd metal content of 6.00±0.14 catalyzed the hydrolysis of 10 mM AB at 25 °C with 100 % yield. The presented work includes the effect of catalyst amount and temperature on the rate of the hydrolysis reaction of AB. As a result of the kinetic studies, the activation energy (Ea) for the Fe3O4/SiO2−NH2/HB@Pd catalyzed AB hydrolysis reaction was calculated as 34±1 kJ.mol−1, and the TOF value was calculated as 133 mol H2.(mol Pd(0).h)−1. The designed heterogenous magnetic nanocomposite catalyst demonstrated significant catalytic activity for AB hydrolysis reaction at 25 °C.
A Review on Recent Advances in Peptide‐based Fluorescence Probes and their Potential Applications
Authors: Wang Bo , Wang Linlin , Chen Chuanheng , Zhang Yilin , Gao Junyi , Lu Kaixin , Yan Chenyu , Nan Guoning , Li Yi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWith the development and maturity of classical solid‐state synthesis techniques, peptide synthesis has become more convenient. With the continuous progress of research in the field of life sciences, more and more peptides have been elucidated in terms of their structure and biological functions. Due to the excellent biocompatibility, specificity, selectivity, and low cytotoxicity, peptide‐based fluorescent probes have been widely explored and applied in chemical, biological, medical and other fields. This review summarized the characteristics of peptide‐based fluorescence probes in terms of long fluorescence lifetime, high stability, large Stokes shift, high fluorescence quantum yield, high selectivity and sensitivity. Several types of peptide‐based fluorescence probes, such as peptide basic fluorescence, embedded fluorescence molecules, coupled fluorescence groups, and self‐assembled fluorescence, were also described. Finally, we summarized the applications of peptide‐based fluorescent probes in biological imaging, disease detection, ion detection, and biomolecule detection. This review may provide a guarantee and inspiration for further development of the peptide‐based fluorescent probes in the field of biological applications.
Interface Engineering Induced Electron Redistribution at PtNs/NiTe‐Ns Interfaces for Promoting pH‐Universal and Chloride‐Tolerant Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Sun Huachuan , Chen Mingpeng , Xiao Bin , Zhou Tong , Humayun Muhammad , Li Linfeng , Lu Qingjie , He Tianwei , Zhang Jin , Bououdina Mohammed , Wang Chundong , Liu Qingju 
Published: August 2023

AbstractExploring highly efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts for large‐scale water electrolysis in the full potential of hydrogen (pH) range is highly desirable, but it remains a significant challenge. Herein, a simple pathway is proposed to synthesize a hybrid electrocatalyst by decorating small metallic platinum (Pt) nanosheets on a large nickel telluride nanosheet (termed as PtNs/NiTe‐Ns). The as‐prepared PtNs/NiTe‐Ns catalyst only requires overpotentials of 72, 162, and 65 mV to reach a high current density of 200 mA cm−2 in alkaline, neutral and acidic conditions, respectively. Theoretical calculations reveal that the combination of metallic Pt and NiTe‐Ns subtly modulates the electronic redistribution at their interface, improves the charge‐transfer kinetics, and enhances the performance of Ni active sites. The synergy between the Pt site and activated Ni site near the interface in PtNs/NiTe‐Ns promotes the sluggish water‐dissociation kinetics and optimizes the subsequent oxyhydrogen/hydrogen intermediates (OH*/H*) adsorption, accelerating the HER process. Additionally, the superhydrophilicity and superaerophobicity of PtNs/NiTe‐Ns facilitate the mass transfer process and ensure the rapid desorption of generated bubbles, significantly enhancing overall alkaline water/saline water/seawater electrolysis catalytic activity and stability.
Dual Protective Porous Ti3C2Tx MXene/Polyimide Composite Film for Thermal Insulation and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Authors: Ding Renjie , Yan Qian , Xue Fuhua , Li Pengyang , Xiong Jinhua , Zhao Xu , Liu Zonglin , Xu Liangliang , Chen Zhong , Zheng Haowen , Tang Zhigong , Peng Qingyu , He Xiaodong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe thriving 5G communication technology leads to the high demand for EMI shielding materials and thermal management materials. Particularly, portable thermal‐sensitive electronic devices have more stringent requirements for thermal insulation performances. In most cases, ultrathin EMI shielding materials integrated with ultralow thermal conductivity are not easy to be achieved. To overcome this obstacle, dual protective porous composite films based on Ti3C2Tx MXene and polyimide are fabricated by sacrificing polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) templates. By optimizing the contact thermal resistance and Kapitza resistance, the composite film presents superior thermal insulation performances with a thermal conductivity of 0.0136 W m−1 K−1. Moreover, the hybrid porous film maintains superior EMI shielding effectiveness of 63.0 dB and high SSE/t of 31651.2 dB cm2 g−1. Nevertheless, the excellent active and passive heating ability based on Joule heating and photothermal conversion makes the composite film an ideal portable material for thermal management. This work sheds light on designing thermal management materials and EMI shielding materials for cutting‐edge electronic devices.
Study on Saccharification Efficiency Improvement byEurotium cristatumand Its Application in Kaoliang Spirit Production
Authors: Yang Qin , Qian‐Hui Zhao , Feng‐Ying Yang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Kaoliang spirit is a classic Chinese baijiu. Glutinous sorghum is a unique raw material for its production; improving the saccharification efficiency of sorghum increases the liquor yield.Eurotium cristatumhas been demonstrated to secrete amylase; however, it has not been used in saccharification. Therefore, this study aims to improve the saccharification efficiency withE. cristatumto enhance Kaoliang spirit production. The effect ofE. cristatumon saccharification is evaluated by analyzing starch from glutinous sorghum. In addition, fermented sorghum microorganisms and liquor flavors are analyzed to establish the activity ofE. cristatum. The results reveal thatE. cristatumimproves the saccharification efficiency, and 8% (m/m) ofE. cristatumsuspension is cofermented with 20% (m/m) of mold culture; the reducing sugar in the fermented sorghum reaches a maximum value of 40 g/100 g. During cofermentation withE. cristatum, the sorghum starch is enriched in amylose and has a lower molecular weight, clear crystal structure, and many holes. These phenomena express the effect of efficient saccharification byE. cristatum. Furthermore,E. cristatumalso promotes other microorganisms while fermentation, therefore benefits the liquor flavors. This research provides the feasibility for saccharification improvement byE. cristatum, indicating its well scientific and significant commercial value.
Thioalkynes in Ring Forming Reactions
Authors: Peng Lifen , Yuan Zhiwen , Tang Zilong , Zeng Chunling , Xu Xinhua 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOrganic cycles play an important role in chemistry, pharmacology and material science for their unique properties. Construction of organic cycles from thioalkynes attracted increasing attention due to the facile access of thioalkynes. 2H‐Azirines were synthesized successfully from thioalkynyl oxime ethers. Cyclobutanes were formed through chiral titanium catalyzed cycloaddition of thioalkynes. Cyclopentenes were afforded by annulation of thioalkynes. Thioalkynes could be also applied to synthesize thiophenes, oxazoles, benzo[b]thiophenes, 2H‐chromenes, 2‐phenylbenzothiazoles, diazacyclobutene, etc. In this review, construction of organic cycles from thioalkynes were highlighted. Firstly, the property and application of organic cyclic compounds were simply introduced. After presenting the general methods to access organic cycles, applications of thioalkynes as synthons to prepare organic cycles were classified and presented in detail. Based on different kinds of organic cycles obtained from thioalkynes, organic reactions for synthesis of three‐, four‐, five‐, six‐membered as well as fused cycles would be summarized and the plausible reaction mechanisms could be presented if available.
The Tower of Babel in Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)
Authors: Schneeberger David , Röttger Richard , Cabitza Federico , Campagner Andrea , Plass Markus , Müller Heimo , Holzinger Andreas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAs machine learning (ML) has emerged as the predominant technological paradigm for artificial intelligence (AI), complex black box models such as GPT-4 have gained widespread adoption. Concurrently, explainable AI (XAI) has risen in significance as a counterbalancing force. But the rapid expansion of this research domain has led to a proliferation of terminology and an array of diverse definitions, making it increasingly challenging to maintain coherence. This confusion of languages also stems from the plethora of different perspectives on XAI, e.g. ethics, law, standardization and computer science. This situation threatens to create a “tower of Babel” effect, whereby a multitude of languages impedes the establishment of a common (scientific) ground. In response, this paper first maps different vocabularies, used in ethics, law and standardization. It shows that despite a quest for standardized, uniform XAI definitions, there is still a confusion of languages. Drawing lessons from these viewpoints, it subsequently proposes a methodology for identifying a unified lexicon from a scientific standpoint. This could aid the scientific community in presenting a more unified front to better influence ongoing definition efforts in law and standardization, often without enough scientific representation, which will shape the nature of AI and XAI in the future.
The Idea of the University
Authors: Scott-Baumann Alison 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis chapter explores some of the key issues that have beset English universities in the twenty first century with a summary of some key areas in Ricœur’s early philosophy and interventions in the 1960s. Comparisons and contrasts are made from the 1960s with current debates about free speech on campus in England: complaints from 2017 to 2022 from outside the university about both more and less free speech have multiplied, whilst there has been increasingly less discussion inside the university about how to converse well. Equality, diversity and inclusion are policy labels that are in conflict with Prevent, the UK’s counterterror programme targeted at ‘extremist’ ideas that are nonetheless lawful.
1968 and Campus Shock at Nanterre
Authors: Scott-Baumann Alison 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis chapter explores the failure of Ricœur and Nanterre students to engage with each other through discussion. In the mid-1960s, Ricœur had sought an alternative higher education model to break the hegemony of the Sorbonne as a place of huge lectures, distant tutors and a classical education. He was sympathetic to the students’ rebelliousness, yet his dream of equality of class, gender and subject discipline on campus failed; his experiences give us insight into the fragility of discussion as a mediating process.
Patella scores are similar both with gap balancing and measured resection after total knee arthroplasty: a randomized single‐centre study
Authors: Öztürk Alpaslan , Avci Özgür , Akalın Yavuz , Çevik Nazan , Türkmensoy Fatih 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this prospective study was to compare femoral component rotation (FCR) values when adjusted with ‘gap balancing’ (GB) and ‘measured resection’ (MR) techniques following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The study hypothesis was that the GB technique would be better on FCR than MR in TKA.MethodsFrom a total of 93 unilateral TKAs performed between August 2019 and November 2020, the FCR values were adjusted by GB in 46 cases and MR in 47. Post‐TKA magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was applied for FCR assessment. Orthoroentgenograms and lateral knee radiographs were taken to determine the mechanical axis and posterior condylar offset (PCO) ratio, respectively. Both groups were compared radiologically. The Western Ontario and Mcmaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Knee Society Score (KSS), and Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) patella scores were calculated and compared between the groups preoperatively and at the end of 6 months, and 1 and 2 years postoperatively.ResultsThere was no difference between the groups in respect of the demographic data. The mean HSS patella score was 86.4 ± 4.1 in the GB group and 84.6 ± 3.8 in the MR group in the 2nd year (p = 0.047). A higher degree of external rotation in the FC was determined in the GB group [2.2° (1.7°–4.3°)] compared to the MR group [1.7° (0.8°–3.0°)] (p = 0.009). The postoperative increase in PCO ratio was higher in the GB group (p = 0.005). All other variables were similar in both groups.ConclusionThe results of this study showed that at the end of the 2nd year, the HSS patella scores were better, FCs were more externally rotated and PCO ratios were higher in TKAs using the GB technique. However, taking into account that the difference between the 2nd year HSS patella scores was too small to be considered clinically significant, it was shown that both the GB and MR techniques can be used for FCR in clinical practice without any hesitation.
Contributing with private bundles to public goods
Authors: Faias Marta , Guevara-Velázquez Mercedes , Moreno-García Emma 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe extend to multiple private commodities the seminal model by Bergstrom et al. (J Public Econ 29:25–49, 1986) on the private provision of public goods. Considering the relative value of the aggregate donations, we define a notion of equilibrium and show its existence. We analyze the effects of resource redistributions on the equilibrium outcome, identifying conditions that guarantee neutrality. We study some further properties of the contribution equilibrium, and provide a strategic market game approach, defining a sequence of non-cooperative games whose equilibria converge to an equilibrium of the economy.
Genetically determined circulating resistin concentrations and risk of colorectal cancer: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Pham Thu Thi , Nimptsch Katharina , Papadimitriou Nikos , Aleksandrova Krasimira , Jenab Mazda , Gunter Marc J. , Le Marchand Loic , Li Li , Lynch Brigid M. , Castellví-Bel Sergi , Phipps Amanda I. , Schmit Stephanie L. , Brenner Hermann , Ogino Shuji , Giovannucci Edward , Pischon Tobias 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Resistin, a novel pro-inflammatory protein implicated in inflammatory processes, has been suggested to play a role in colorectal development. However, evidence from observational studies has been inconsistent. Mendelian randomization may be a complementary method to examine this association.

Methods
We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization to estimate the association between genetically determined circulating resistin concentrations and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Protein quantitative trait loci (pQTLs) from the SCALLOP consortium were used as instrumental variables (IVs) for resistin. CRC genetic summary data was obtained from GECCO/CORECT/CCFR (the Genetics and Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer Consortium, Colorectal Cancer Transdisciplinary Study, and Colon Cancer Family Registry), and FinnGen (Finland Biobank). The inverse variance weighted method (IVW) was applied in the main analysis, and other robust methods were used as sensitivity analyses. Estimates for the association from the two data sources were then pooled using a meta-analysis approach.

Results
Thirteen pQTLs were identified as IVs explaining together 7.80% of interindividual variation in circulating resistin concentrations. Based on MR analyses, genetically determined circulating resistin concentrations were not associated with incident CRC (pooled-IVW-OR per standard deviation of resistin, 1.01; 95% CI 0.96, 1.06; p = 0.67. Restricting the analyses to using IVs within or proximal to the resistin-encoding gene (cis-IVs), or to IVs located elsewhere in the genome (trans-IVs) provided similar results. The association was not altered when stratified by sex or CRC subsites.

Conclusions
We found no evidence of a relationship between genetically determined circulating resistin concentrations and risk of CRC.
Sexual orientation and gender identity inequities in cervical cancer screening by race and ethnicity
Authors: Lin Emmeline , Sleboda Patrycja , Rimel Bobbie J. , Chen Jarvis T. , Hernandez Diana V. , Datta Geetanjali D. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
In the United States, inequities in preventive health behaviors such as cervical cancer screening have been documented. Sexual orientation, gender identity, and race/ethnicity all individually contribute to such disparities. However, little work has investigated their joint impact on screening behavior.

Methods
Using sampling weighted data from the 2016 and 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, we assessed differences in two metrics via chi-square statistics: 1) lifetime uptake, and 2) up-to-date cervical cancer screening by sexual orientation and gender identity, within and across racial/ethnic classifications.

Results
Within all races, individuals who identify as members of sexual and gender minority (SGM) communities reported higher rates of never being screened (except for Black transgender men) than straight or cisgender individuals (p < 0.0001). [*START* Across all races, the Asian/Pacific Islander transgender population (32.4%; weighted n (w.n.) = 1,313) had the lowest proportion of lifetime screening, followed by the Asian/Pacific Islander gay/lesbian (53.0%, w.n. = 21,771), Hispanic transgender (58.7%; w.n. = 24,780), Asian/Pacific Islander bisexual (61.8%, w.n. = 54,524), and Hispanic gay/lesbian (69.6%, w.n. = 125,781) populations. *END*] Straight or cisgender Non-Hispanic White (w.n. = 40,664,476) individuals had the highest proportion of lifetime screening (97.7% and 97.5%, respectively). However, among individuals who had been screened at least once in their lifetime, identifying as SGM was not associated with a decreased proportion of up-to-date screening within or between races.

Conclusions
Due to small sample sizes, especially among Asian/Pacific Islander and Hispanic populations, confidence intervals were wide. Heterogeneity in screening participation by SGM status within and across racial/ethnic groups were observed.

Impact
These screening disparities reveal the need to disaggregate data to account for intersecting identities and for studies with larger sample sizes to increase estimate reliability.
A survey on compositional algorithms for verification and synthesis in supervisory control
Authors: Malik Robi , Mohajerani Sahar , Fabian Martin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis survey gives an overview of the current research on compositional algorithms for verification and synthesis of modular systems modelled as interacting finite-state machines. Compositional algorithms operate by repeatedly simplifying individual components of a large system, replacing them by smaller so-called abstractions, while preserving critical properties. In this way, the exponential growth of the state space can be limited, making it possible to analyse much bigger state spaces than possible by standard state space exploration. This paper gives an introduction to the principles underlying compositional methods, followed by a survey of algorithmic solutions from the recent literature that use compositional methods to analyse systems automatically. The focus is on applications in supervisory control of discrete event systems, particularly on methods that verify critical properties or synthesise controllable and nonblocking supervisors.