bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal patterns of lion (Panthera leo) space use in ahuman–wildlifesystem
Authors: Burak Mary K. , Broekhuis Femke , Dickman Amy , Ekwanga Steven , Elliot Nicholas , Frank Laurence , Oriol‐Cotterill Alayne , Williams Terrie M. , Wilmers Christopher C. , Schmitz Oswald 
Published: September 2023

AbstractConserving large carnivores requires protecting landscape spaces that encompass all spatiotemporal scales of their movement. Large carnivores normally roam widely, but habitat loss and fragmentation can constrain their movement in ways that restrict access to resources and increase encounters with humans and potential conflict. Facilitating carnivore population coexistence with humans across landscapes requires conservation plans informed by patterns of carnivore space use, particularly at the human–wildlife interface.We sought to understand lion space use in Laikipia, Kenya. We conducted a path‐selection function analysis using GPS collar data from 16 lions to assess patterns of space use across a range of spatial scales (sedentary to home range expanses; 0, 12.5, 25 and 50 km) and temporal scales (day, dusk, night and dawn). Path‐selection results were then incorporated into space use maps.We found that most landscape features influenced path‐selection at the broadest spatial scale (50 km), representative of home range‐wide movement, thereby demonstrating a landscape‐wide human impact on lion space use. We also detected sub‐diurnal variation in lion path‐selection which revealed limited space use during daylight hours and increased space use overnight.Our results highlight that optimal support for human–lion coexistence should be temporally adaptive at sub‐diurnal scales. Furthermore, spatial approaches to lion conservation may be better generalized at broad spatial scales so that land management plans can account for home range patterns in lion space use.
Toward capabilities for adult working learners in Canada and the United States
Authors: Moodie Gavin , Wheelahan Leesa , Bragg Debra D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article focuses on adult working learners who attend postsecondary institutions in Canada and the United States. We identify how these institutions deliver curriculum and instruction in the form of career‐technical education (CTE) and vocational education offering occupational credentials. In British Columbia and the U.S., most vocational programming culminates in the associate degree whereas the rest of Canada commonly confers diplomas as well as associate degrees. Other postsecondary credentials, including certifications and licensure, are integrated within programs in both countries. This chapter analyzes policies, programs, and practices for adult working learners in the two countries and provides perspectives on how a focus on the capabilities of adult working learners is beneficial to the needs of the individual, communities, and society as a whole.
When it's the learning that counts: Competency‐based education and credit for prior learning for working learners
Authors: Klein‐Collins Rebecca , Shafenberg Kari 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAn increasing percentage of students entering postsecondary institutions are working at least part‐time and balancing multiple identities, responsibilities, and demands on their time and resources. As student demographics change, postsecondary institutions must rise to meet these students where they are. Two effective ways to do that include Competency‐based Education (CBE) and Credit for Prior Learning (CPL), methods by which students are able to leverage what they have already learned outside of a traditional classroom. This article explores the benefits of these tools, particularly CPL, to both students and institutions, using evidence from research. Among these benefits are reduced time and expense, higher degree completion rates, and increased student confidence and self‐efficacy. This research also acknowledges equity considerations of CPL and CBE, including efforts to expand the reach of these options to more working learners, as well as how these tools help establish stronger connections between learning and work.
Monte Carlo investigation of dose distribution of uniformly and non‐uniformly loaded standard and notched eye plaques
Authors: Semeniuk Oleksii , Malkov Victor , Chamberland Marc J. P. , Weersink Robert A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo investigate the effect of using non‐uniform loading and notched plaques on dose distribution for eye plaques.Using EGSnrc Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, we investigate eye plaque dose distributions in water and in an anatomically representative eye phantom. Simulations were performed in accordance with TG43 formalism and compared against full MC simulations which account for inter‐seed and inhomogeneity effects.For standard plaque configurations, uniformly and non‐uniformly loaded plaque dose distributions in water showed virtually no difference between each other. For standard plaque, the MC calculated dose distribution in planes parallel to the plaque is narrower than the TG43 calculation due to attenuation at the periphery of the plaque by the modulay. MC calculated the dose behind the plaque is fully attenuated. Similar results were found for the notched plaque, with asymmetric attenuation along the plane of the notch. Cumulative dose volume histograms showed significant reductions in the calculated MC doses for both tumor and eye structures, compared to TG43 calculations. The effect was most pronounced for the notch plaque where the MC dose to the optic nerve was greatly attenuated by the modulay surrounding the optic nerve compared to the TG43. Thus, a reduction of optic nerve D95% from 14 to 0.2 Gy was observed, when comparing the TG43 calculation to the MC result. The tumor D95% reduced from 89.2 to 79.95 Gy for TG43 and MC calculations, respectively.TG43 calculations overestimate the absolute dose and the lateral dose distribution of both standard and notched eye plaques, leading to the dose overestimation for the target and organs at risk. The dose matching along the central axis for the non‐uniformly loaded plaques to that of uniformly loaded ones was found to be sufficient for providing comparable coverage and can be clinically used in eye‐cancer‐busy centers.
Carbon‐Based Radar Absorbing Materials toward Stealth Technologies
Authors: Kim Seong‐Hwang , Lee Seul‐Yi , Zhang Yali , Park Soo‐Jin , Gu Junwei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStealth technology is used to enhance the survival of military equipment in the field of military surveillance, as it utilizes a combination of techniques to render itself undetectable by enemy radar systems. Radar absorbing materials (RAMs) are specialized materials used to reduce the reflection (or absorption) of radar signals to provide stealth capability, which is a core component of passive countermeasures in military applications. The properties of RAMs can be optimized by adjusting their composition, microstructure, and surface geometry. Carbon‐based materials present a promising approach for the fabrication of ultrathin, versatile, and high‐performance RAMs due to their large specific surface area, lightweight, excellent dielectric properties, high electrical conductivity, and stability under harsh conditions. This review begins with a brief history of stealth technology and an introduction to electromagnetic waves, radar systems, and radar absorbing materials. This is followed by a discussion of recent research progress in carbon‐based RAMs, including carbon blacks, carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, graphite, graphene, and MXene, along with an in‐depth examination of the principles and strategies on electromagnetic attenuation characteristics. Hope this review will offer fresh perspectives on the design and fabrication of carbon‐based RAMs, thereby fostering a deeper fundamental understanding and promoting practical applications.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Second Harmonic Generation of Multiferroic Iron‐Doped Lithium Niobate Powders
Authors: García‐Rodríguez Mónica J. , Sánchez‐Dena Oswaldo , Velasco‐Cortez Omar A. , Ordóñez‐Romero César L. , Vázquez‐Lepe Milton O. , Jonin Christian , Farías Rurik , Brevet Pierre‐François , Reyes‐Esqueda Jorge‐Alejandro 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRandom granular media can exhibit characteristics that are often related to ordered media. In the present work, this feature is observed in the polarized Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) response from reduced iron‐doped lithium niobate (LN:Fe) powders, which is an unexpected effect due to multiple scattering. In addition, the subsisting‐order properties of the powders can be further controlled by magnetic induction to tailor the SHG response. The samples are characterized by X‐ray Diffraction (XRD), X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and confocal Raman Spectroscopy. The SHG response in the absence and presence of an external static magnetic field is then studied as the fundamental beam focus is translated from air into the powder. The SHG intensity polarization state is studied as a function of the linear polarization of the fundamental beam at the focus depth position, where the maximum SHG recorded intensity is observed. These results demonstrate that the SHG response of LN:Fe powders can be modified by post‐thermal treatment in a reducing atmosphere for photonic applications.
Charge‐Density‐Wave Resistive Switching and Voltage Oscillations in Ternary Chalcogenide BaTiS3
Authors: Chen Huandong , Wang Nan , Liu Hefei , Wang Han , Ravichandran Jayakanth 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPhase change materials, which show different electrical characteristics across the phase transitions, have attracted considerable research attention for their potential electronic device applications. Materials with metal‐to‐insulator or charge density wave (CDW) transitions such as VO2 and 1T‐TaS2 have demonstrated voltage oscillations due to their robust bi‐state resistive switching behavior with some basic neuronal characteristics. BaTiS3 is a small bandgap ternary chalcogenide that has recently reported the emergence of CDW order below 245 K. Here, the discovery of DC voltage / current‐induced reversible threshold switching in BaTiS3 devices between a CDW phase and a room temperature semiconducting phase is reported. The resistive switching behavior is consistent with a Joule heating scheme and sustained voltage oscillations with a frequency of up to 1 kHz are demonstrated by leveraging the CDW phase transition and the associated negative differential resistance. Strategies of reducing channel sizes and improving thermal management may further improve the device's performance. The findings establish BaTiS3 as a promising CDW material for future electronic device applications, especially for energy‐efficient neuromorphic computing.
The intersection of social determinants of health, the microbiome, and health outcomes in immigrants: A scoping review
Authors: Fanfan Dany , Mulligan Connie J. , Groer Maureen , Mai Volker , Weaver Michael , Huffman Fatma , Lyon Debra E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn the present scoping review, we explore whether existing evidence supports the premise that social determinants of health (SDoH) affect immigrant health outcomes through their effects on the microbiome. We adapt the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities' research framework to propose a conceptual model that considers the intersection of SDoH, the microbiome, and health outcomes in immigrants. We use this conceptual model as a lens through which to explore recent research about SDoH, biological factors associated with changes to immigrants' microbiomes, and long‐term health outcomes. In the 17 articles reviewed, dietary acculturation, physical activity, ethnicity, birthplace, age at migration and length of time in the host country, socioeconomic status, and social/linguistic acculturation were important determinants of postmigration microbiome‐related transformations. These factors are associated with progressive shifts in microbiome profile with time in host country, increasing the risks for cardiometabolic, mental, immune, and inflammatory disorders and antibiotic resistance. The evidence thus supports the premise that SDoH influence immigrants' health postmigration, at least in part, through their effects on the microbiome. Omission of important postmigration social‐ecological variables (e.g., stress, racism, social/family relationships, and environment), limited research among minoritized subgroups of immigrants, complexity and inter‐ and intra‐individual differences in the microbiome, and limited interdisciplinary and biosocial collaboration restrict our understanding of this area of study. To identify potential microbiome‐based interventions and promote immigrants' well‐being, more research is necessary to understand the intersections of immigrant health with factors from the biological, behavioral/psychosocial, physical/built environment, and sociocultural environment domains at all social‐ecological levels.
Azopolyesters with Intrinsic Crystallinity and Photoswitchable Reversible Solid‐to‐Liquid Transitions
Authors: Li Jie , Zhang Qiu‐Yu , Lu Xiao‐Bing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHerein, we introduce a variety of azopolyesters (azobenzene‐based polyesters) with remarkable intrinsic crystallinity and photoinduced reversible solid‐to‐liquid transition abilities from copolymerization of azobenzene‐based epoxides with cyclic anhydrides. The length of the soft alkyl side‐chain inlaid with azobenzenes and stereoregularity of main‐chain of azopolymers have tremendous effects on crystallization properties of the resulting polyesters with melting temperature (Tm) in the range of 51–251 °C. Moreover, some of azopolyesters possess excellently photoinduced reversible solid‐to‐liquid transition performance thanks to trans‐cis photoisomerization of azobenzenes. Trans‐azopolyesters are yellow solids with Tms or glass transition temperatures (Tgs) above room temperature, whereas cis‐polymers are red liquids with Tgs below −20 °C. These azopolyesters could be applied as novel light‐switchable adhesives for quartz/quartz, wood/wood and quartz/wood adhesion, with the strength in the range of 0.73–0.89 MPa for trans‐polymers. Conversely, the adhesion strength of liquefied cis‐azopolyesters generated from the irradiation of trans‐polymers by UV light was about 0.1 MPa, which shows light enable to control the adhesion process with high spatiotemporal resolution.
Conception and Evaluation of a Library of Cleavable Mass Tags for Digital Polymers Sequencing
Authors: Schutz Thibault , Sergent Isaure , Obeid Georgette , Oswald Laurence , Al Ouahabi Abdelaziz , Baxter Paul N. W. , Clément Jean‐Louis , Gigmes Didier , Charles Laurence , Lutz Jean‐François 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA library of phosphoramidite monomers containing a main‐chain cleavable alkoxyamine and a side‐chain substituent of variable molar mass (i.e. mass tag) was prepared in this work. These monomers can be used in automated solid‐phase phosphoramidite chemistry and therefore incorporated periodically as spacers inside digitally‐encoded poly(phosphodiester) chains. Consequently, the formed polymers contain tagged cleavable sites that guide their fragmentation in mass spectrometry sequencing and enhance their digital readability. The spacers were all prepared via a seven steps synthetic procedure. They were afterwards tested for the synthesis and sequencing of model digital polymers. Uniform digitally‐encoded polymers were obtained as major species in all cases, even though some minor defects were sometimes detected. Furthermore, the polymers were decoded in pseudo‐MS3 conditions, thus confirming the reliability and versatility of the spacers library.
Highly Efficient Depolymerization of Waste Polyesters Enabled by Transesterification/Hydrogenation Relay Under Mild Conditions
Authors: Hu Yue , Zhang Shiyun , Xu Juanfang , Liu Yuan , Yu Aiai , Qian Jun , Xie Yinjun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe efficient depolymerization of polyesters under mild conditions remains a significant challenge. Herein, we demonstrate a highly efficient strategy for the degradation of a diverse array of waste polyesters as low to 80 °C, 1 bar H2. The key to the success of this transformation relied on the initial transesterification of macromolecular polyester into more degradable oligomeric fragments in the presence of CH3OH and the subsequent hydrogenation by the use of the rationally designed quinaldine‐based Ru complex. Controlled experiments and preliminary mechanistic studies disclosed the quinaldine‐based catalysts could be hydrogenated to the eventually active species, which has been confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis and directly used as a catalyst in the hydrogenolysis of polyester. The strong viability and high activity of this new species in protic solvent were explained in detail. Besides, the crucial role of CH3OH in promoting reaction efficiency during the whole process was also elucidated. The synthetic utility of this method was further illustrated by preparing 1,4‐cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) from waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
Finding the Dynamics of an Integrable Quantum Many‐Body System via Machine Learning
Authors: Wei Victor , Orfi Alev , Fehse Felix , Coish William A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe dynamics of the Gaudin magnet (“central‐spin model”) is studied using machine‐learning methods. This model is of practical importance, for example, for studying non‐Markovian decoherence dynamics of a central spin interacting with a large bath of environmental spins and for studies of nonequilibrium superconductivity. The Gaudin magnet is also integrable, admitting many conserved quantities. Machine‐learning methods may be well suited to exploiting the high degree of symmetry in integrable problems, even when an explicit analytic solution is not obvious. Motivated in part by this intuition, a neural‐network representation (restricted Boltzmann machine) is used for each variational eigenstate of the model Hamiltonian. Accurate representations of the ground state and of the low‐lying excited states of the Gaudin‐magnet Hamiltonian are then obtained through a variational Monte Carlo calculation. From the low‐lying eigenstates, the non‐perturbative dynamic transverse spin susceptibility is found, describing the linear response of a central spin to a time‐varying transverse magnetic field in the presence of a spin bath. Having an efficient description of this susceptibility opens the door to improved characterization and quantum control procedures for qubits interacting with an environment of quantum two‐level systems.
Nifuroxazide repurposing for protection from diabetes‐induced retinal injury in rats: Implication of oxidative stress and JAK/STAT3 axis
Authors: Elsherbiny Nehal M. , Altemani Reem , Althagfi Waad , Albalawi Maha , Mohammedsaleh Zuhair M. , El‐Sherbiny Mohamed , Abo El‐Magd Nada F. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is alarmingly increasing worldwide. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a prevailing DM microvascular complication, representing the major cause of blindness in working‐age population. Inflammation is a crucial player in DR pathogenesis. JAK/STAT3 axis is a pleotropic cascade that modulates diverse inflammatory events. Nifuroxazide (Nifu) is a commonly used oral antibiotic with reported JAK/STAT3 inhibition activity. The present study investigated the potential protective effect of Nifu against diabetes‐induced retinal injury. Effect of Nifu on oxidative stress, JAK/STAT3 axis and downstream inflammatory mediators has been also studied. Diabetes was induced in Sprague Dawley rats by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). Animals were assigned into four groups: normal, Nifu control, DM, and DM + Nifu. Nifu was orally administrated at 25 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks. The effects of Nifu on oxidative stress, JAK/STAT3 axis proteins, inflammatory factors, tight junction proteins, histological, and ultrastructural alterations were evaluated using spectrophotometry, gene and protein analyses, and histological studies. Nifu administration to diabetic rats attenuated histopathological and signs of retinal injury. Additionally, Nifu attenuated retinal oxidative stress, inhibited JAK and STAT3 phosphorylation, augmented the expression of STAT3 signaling inhibitor SOCS3, dampened the expression of transcription factor of inflammation NF‐κB, and inflammatory cytokine TNF‐α. Collectively, the current study indicated that Nifu alleviated DR progression in diabetic rats, suggesting beneficial retino‐protective effect. This can be attributed to blocking JAK/STAT3 axis in retinal tissues with subsequent amelioration of oxidative stress and inflammation.
Biotransamination of Furan‐Based Aldehydes with Isopropylamine: Enzyme Screening and pH Influence
Authors: Pintor Antía , Cascelli Nicoletta , Volkov Alexey , Gotor‐Fernández Vicente , Lavandera Iván 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFuran‐based amines are highly valuable compounds which can be directly obtained via reductive amination from easily accessible furfural, 5‐(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) and 2,5‐diformylfuran (DFF). Herein the biocatalytic amination of these carbonyl derivatives is disclosed using amine transaminases (ATAs) and isopropylamine (IPA) as amine donors. Among the different biocatalysts tested, the ones from Chromobacterium violaceum (Cv‐TA), Arthrobacter citreus (ArS‐TA), and variants from Arthrobacter sp. (ArRmut11‐TA) and Vibrio fluvialis (Vf‐mut‐TA), afforded high levels of product formation (>80 %) at 100–200 mM aldehyde concentration. The transformations were studied in terms of enzyme and IPA loading. The pH influence was found as a key factor and attributed to the imine/aldehyde equilibrium that can arise from the high reactivity of the carbonyl substrates with a nucleophilic amine such as IPA.
Development of Multivalent Conjugates with a Single Non‐Canonical Amino Acid
Authors: Burrow Naya K. , Gourdie Robert K. , King Elizabeth A. , Travis Christopher R. , Goff Cameron M. , Nimmo Zachary M. , Berg Justin M. , Boyt Emily L. , Young Douglas D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractProteins represent powerful biomacromolecules due to their unique functionality and broad utility both in the cell and in non‐biological applications. The genetic encoding of non‐canonical amino acids (ncAAs) facilitates functional diversification of these already powerful proteins. Specifically, ncAAs have been demonstrated to provide unique functional handles to bioorthogonally introduce novel functionality via conjugation reactions. Herein we examine the ability of a single ncAA to serve as a handle to generate multivalent bioconjugates to introduce two or more additional components to a protein, yielding a multivalent conjugate. To accomplish this aim, p‐bromopropargyloxyphenyalanine (pBrPrF) was genetically encoded into both superfolder green fluorescent protein (sfGFP) and ubiquitin model proteins to serve as a conjugation handle. A sequential bioconjugation sequence involving a copper‐assisted cycloaddition reaction coupled with a subsequent Sonogashira cross‐coupling was then optimized. The linkage of two additional molecules to the model protein via these reactions yielded the desired multivalent bioconjugate. This domino approach using a single ncAA has a plethora of applications in both therapeutics and diagnostics as multiple unique moieties can be introduced into proteins in a highly controlled fashion.