bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healing rate of macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion in two years after initiation of intravitreal ranibizumab later combined with other treatment as needed and characteristics of refractory cases
Authors: Kawakami Setsuko , Wakabayashi Yoshihiro , Watanabe Yoko , Umazume Kazuhiko , Yamamoto Kaori , Goto Hiroshi 
Published: January 2023

Purpose
To investigate the 2-year healing rate of macular edema (ME) secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) treated initially with intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) and later combined with other treatment as needed, and the characteristics of refractory cases.

Methods
130 patients (130 eyes) with BRVO-ME who received IVR initially were studied. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drug was additionally administered when ME relapsed or persisted. Photocoagulation was performed when the non-perfusion area (NPA) was ≥5 disc diameter (DD), and/or when ME relapsed due to microaneurysm. Patients were classified into a healed group [ME resolved in <2 years or mild ME remained without best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) loss for ≥6 months] or refractory group (ME persisted for ≥2 years).

Results
110 eyes were classified into the healed group, and 20 eyes into the refractory group. The healed group and refractory group had, respectively, mean follow-up periods of 21.2 and 37.4 months, and frequencies of NPA ≥5 DD of 55.5 and 25.0% (p = 0.015). In the healed group, mean BCVA (logMAR) improved significantly compared to baseline in all the periods until 24 months after treatment initiation and at the last visit (p<0.001). In the refractory group, mean BCVA improved significantly compared to baseline until 12 months after treatment initiation (p<0.05 for all periods), but was not significantly different at 18 or 24 months or at the last visit.

Conclusion
In patients with BRVO-ME treated initially with IVR and later given additional treatments as needed, the healing rate was 84.6%. In eyes that healed within 2 years, BCVA improved relative to baseline throughout 24 months and at the last visit. In refractory eyes, BCVA improved only until 12 months, and thereafter deteriorated to baseline level at the last examination.
La asociación entre mythos y logos en el Fedón, o sobre cómo alcanzar el logos más difícil de refutar
Authors: Macías Julián 
Published: January 2023

En el Fedón, tras ofrecer numerosos argumentos a favor de la inmortalidad del alma, se introduce un mythos acerca de su vida ultraterrena. Dado el tenor del tema en cuestión y las limitaciones humanas para dar con un logos estrictamente verdadero al respecto, Sócrates y sus allegados acuerdan en que se debe buscar el “más difícil de refutar” (85d1) entre los logoi humanos. Este trabajo intenta determinar en qué medida la asociación entre el mito presentado hacia el final del diálogo y los argumentos precedentes contribuye a ese objetivo. En este sentido pretende mostrar, por un lado, que el mito mencionado posee los caracteres atribuidos a la noble mentira en R. II-III –texto que plantea la necesidad de acudir a relatos que, aunque ficticios, resultan útiles para instaurar la justicia en el alma del auditorio–; y, por el otro, que en virtud de su carácter persuasivo, el mito contribuye a fortalecer el logos hasta allí desarrollado para volverlo lo más irrefutable posible, generando confianza en la necesidad de llevar adelante una vida virtuosa, inclusive en el auditorio que no forma parte del círculo filosófico.
Os limites e possibilidades do jogo didático Kallipolis: o jogo dos governos
Authors: Brinati Furtado Daniela , Da Silva Fortes Fábio , Boechat Marcílio Luca 
Published: January 2023

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar as premissas e justificativas que embasam o processo de elaboração e teste do projeto Kallipolis: o jogo dos governos. O projeto consistiu no desenvolvimento de um jogo que tem como objetivo ilustrar e criar um ambiente no qual um estudante ou interessado em filosofia descubra e pense a partir das reflexões que Platão apresenta no oitavo livro d’A República. Em vista disso, primeiro discorremos brevemente sobre os fundamentos filosóficos que embasam a concepção do jogo, isto é, como pensamos os seus elementos a partir do livro VIII d’A República de Platão. Em seguida, explicamos a metodologia que propusemos para sua elaboração e testagem e, a partir do que foi observado no processo de realização dos testes, discutimos e apontamos algumas potencialidades e limitações do jogo em vista de seu uso pelo professor de Filosofia no Ensino Médio.
Jewish Identity and American Acceptance: Welcoming a Firstborn Son in Two Classic Children's Books
Authors: Schneider Emily 
Published: January 2023

Jewish-American-themed children’s fiction often includes descriptions of ritual observance. Yet, although ritual circumcision (brit milah, or bris) is a requirement in halacha (Jewish religious law) for all newborn males, this event is virtually absent from Jewish children’s books; the incorporation of a surgical procedure would create obvious narrative difficulties. Sydney Taylor and Sadie Rose Weilerstein, two of the most important twentieth century Jewish-American children’s authors, each wrote a series of books including a newborn son. Instead of a bris, they both included the less common, nonsurgical ritual of pidyon ha-ben. Thus, they eluded a problematic description, while informing readers about a lesser-known Jewish practice.
Thermal Characteristics of Coconut Shells as Boiler Fuel
Authors: Yulianto Muhamad , Hartulistiyoso Edy , Nelwan Leopold Oscar , Agustina Sri Endah , Gupta Chandra 
Published: January 2023

Agricultural waste products, such as wood, rice husk, corn waste, and coconut shells, are abundantly available and can potentially be used as an energy source, particularly for direct combustion in boilers. Because coconut production increases every year, it would be useful to find an alternative use for coconut shells, which are a type of coconut waste. As coconut shells can be used as fuel in boilers, the aim of this study was to evaluate the thermal characteristics of coconut shells in this regard. This study used experimental results to evaluate the performance of a boiler when coconut shells were used as solid fuel. The variations in feed rate were 5, 7.5, and 10 kg/h, and the water flow rates varied between 1 litre per minute (lpm), 2 lpm, and 3 lpm. Temperature data were collected every second via data acquisition , and the mass flow rate of the flue gas was collected every 5 min using a pitot tube equation. One of the parameters evaluated in determining the success of coconut shells as boiler fuel is the thermal efficiency of the boiler. The results showed that the maximum thermal efficiency reached approximately 62.04%, and the maximum flue gas temperature was approximately 500 ℃ for a biomass mass flow rate of 7.5 kg/h. The maximum water temperature of the boiler was 99 ℃, which was reached at a minimum water flow rate of 1 lpm. The results showed that coconut shells are suitable for use as boiler fuel.
Migracja aury lub jak badać oryginał poprzez jego faksymile
Authors: Latour Bruno , Lowe Adam , Lipiński Filip 
Published: January 2023

The text offers enlightening reflections on issues concerning reproductions of works of art, the status of an original and a copy, the problem of conservation, and the role of digital photography. Latour and Lowe raise the contentious issue of how good and bad reproductions can affect the original, participate in what they call “the migration of the aura”. This is primarily a case study of a production, presentation, reception and the meaning of a facsimile of a Veronese work, Nozze di Cana at its original location, San Giorgio in Venice. The second part of the text (the appendix) is a meticulous, technical description of the stages of production of the picture by Lowe.
Counterfactual Decomposition of Health Care Expenditures: From Cost-Based Payment to a Global Budget System
Authors: Liu Ya-Ming 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This study divides health care expenditures into observable effects and structural shifts to explore the impacts of population ageing and high technology on the growth in outpatient service, inpatient service, and prescription drug expenditures in a health care system that has experienced a shift in payment schemes from a cost-based to a global budget system. By using the quantile decomposition method to examine data from Taiwan, the study shows that, in the short run, all expenditures exhibit an increasing trend in the higher percentiles. In the long run, an observable effect dominates the growth of health care expenditures. Specifically, population ageing leads to the growth of prescription drug expenditures in the higher percentiles. The adoption of high technology drives the growth of the top outpatient and inpatient service expenditures. These results suggest that while the government health care agency aims to control health care expenditures, improving the management of high-cost patients is likely to be one important avenue to improving the effectiveness of the cost control policy.
Correlation between lamina directions and the mechanical characteristics of laminated bamboo composite for ship structure
Authors: Tuswan Tuswan , Manik Parlindungan , Samuel Samuel , Suprihanto Agus , Sulardjaka Sulardjaka , Nugroho Sri , Pakpahan Boris Ferdinando 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
With the increased emphasis on the use of recyclable bio-based materials and further understanding of the mechanical properties of laminated bamboo, the development of a new generation of low-cost bamboo-based composites for ship structure has generated a significant interest. Laminated bamboo composites comprising Apus bamboo (Gigantochloa apus) and Waru fiber at different layer orientations were investigated to obtain the mechanical characteristics. The influence of different laminate directions was studied through several methods of mechanical testing, including impact tests using ASTM D256, bending tests using ASTM D7264, and tensile tests using ASTM D3039. Results showed that material strength properties could be improved by using on-axis direction (0°). The bamboo composites with unidirectional (0°) laminate direction exhibited superior mechanical properties to bidirectional laminate directions (45°/−45° and 0°/90°). The addition of Waru fiber improved the mechanical properties of the currently developed material; that is, bending strength increased by about 3.17–14.18% and tensile strength was in the range of 4.88–20.28%. Only those composites with 0° and 0°/90° layer orientations fulfilled the Indonesian Bureau Classification strength threshold.
The role of the Na+/Ca2+-exchanger (NCX) in cancer-associated fibroblasts
Authors: Loeck Thorsten , Schwab Albrecht 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled growth, invasion, and metastasis. In addition to solid cancer cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play important roles in cancer pathophysiology. They arise from “healthy” cells but get manipulated by solid cancer cells to supply them and develop a tumor microenvironment (TME) that protects the cancer cells from the immune defense. A wide variety of cell types can differentiate into CAFs, including fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells. Precise Ca2+ regulation is essential for each cell including CAFs. The electrogenic Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) is one of the ubiquitously expressed regulatory Ca2+ transport proteins that rapidly responds to changes of the intracellular ion concentrations. Its transport function is also influenced by the membrane potential and thereby indirectly by the activity of ion channels. NCX transports Ca2+ out of the cell (forward mode) or allows its influx (reverse mode), always in exchange for 3 Na+ ions that are moved into the opposite direction. In this review, we discuss the functional roles NCX has in CAFs and how these depend on the properties of the TME. NCX activity modifies migration and leads to a reduced proliferation and apoptosis. The effect of the NCX in fibrosis is still largely unknown.
Screening and validation of the iris manifestation among patients with hemiplegia – an observational study
Authors: Mohamed Fathima Jebin , Vijayakumar Venugopal , Manavalan Narayanaswamy , Maheshkumar Kuppusamy 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Understanding and validating the science behind traditional diagnostic methods is a niche area to be explored. Iris diagnosis is one such valuable diagnostic tool used in Naturopathy. In the current study, we have assessed and documented the iris changes observed among patients with hemiplegia with respect to the iridology chart.

Methods
We recruited 35 patients with hemiplegia which includes both genders. Iris image was captured by Angel Kiss New 5.0MP Iridology Camera with Pro Iris Analysis Software. Lesion characters, such as open lesion, closed lesion, spot, furrow, radii solaris, intestinal crypts etc., in the iris were noted along with its various characteristics in an excel sheet in numerical order for analysis.

Results
Majority of the included patients were male (n=30) and the mean age of the patients was 46 years. The most common iris lesions noted were radii solaris and intestinal crypt in the cerebrum and cerebellum regions. Other notable lesions include open lesion, closed lesion, brown spot, hole and nerve ring. ROC analysis for selected iris lesions showed that intestinal crypt (AUC=0.82, p=0.01) and radii solaris (AUC=0.62, p=0.04) to be potential markers for hemiplegia.

Conclusions
Two common lesions observed in patients with hemiplegia are radii solaris and intestinal crypt, corresponding to the cerebrum and cerebellum regions of the iris. Future studies with larger sample size would help warrant our current findings, and also the possible application of iris diagnosis as an early diagnostic marker for hemiplegia.
Investigation of cycloaliphatic amine-cured bisphenol-A epoxy resin under quenching treatment and the effect on its carbon fiber composite lamination strength
Authors: Sukanto Heru , Raharjo Wijang Wisnu , Ariawan Dody , Triyono Joko 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThermosetting epoxy resin polymer with cycloaliphatic amines curing agent has been widely used for a composite matrix with carbon fiber reinforcement. The utilization was increased due to the superior performance of this epoxy resin compared to other polymers. However, a changing operational environment has potentially reduced composite performance, which most likely begins with matrix degradation. This research applies thermal treatment by the quenching process sequence to the epoxy resin matrix and its reinforced carbon fiber composite (CFRP). The composite is made by epoxy resin diglycidyl ether bisphenol-A, curing with cycloaliphatic amine as matrix and strengthening carbon fiber mat/woven. Three times quenching treatment was performed by heating the specimen around the glass transition temperature and then dipped immediately in fresh water. After quenching treatment, the epoxy resin shows a reduction in tensile strength and elongation. Under infrared observation, epoxy resin does not significantly show changes in functional groups. Investigation under X-ray refraction also indicates no difference in a crystalline structure; this epoxy resin stays in an amorphous form before and after quenching. In contrast to the matrix, the quenching treatment of the CFRP composite above the epoxy resin s glass transition temperature revealed an increase in the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS). The matrix ductility reduction after quenching should be carefully considered for application in the form of epoxy resin sheets or CFRP composite construction materials.
Bekämpfung von Cybercrime
Authors: May Andreas 
Published: January 2023

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag zeigt an zwei Ermittlungskomplexen der Zentralstelle zur Bekämpfung der Internet- und Computerkriminalität der Generalstaatsanwaltschaft Frankfurt/Main beispielhaft auf, welchen Herausforderungen sich Ermittler im Deliktsfeld Cybercrime stellen müssen. Der Takedown des EMOTET-Botnetzes soll hierbei nicht nur verdeutlichen, welche technische und rechtliche Expertise hierzu erforderlich ist, sondern auch, dass nur durch ein komplexes Zusammenspiel von Ermittlern aus unterschiedlichsten Bereichen mit Vertretern von Unternehmen und IT-Researchern solche Verfahren erfolgreich zu Ende geführt werden können. Am Beispiel des Kryptohandy-Verfahrens »EncroChat« soll veranschaulicht werden, wie Strafverfolgungsbehörden – häufig unter enormem Zeitdruck – auf neue Phänomene reagieren müssen, welche Schwierigkeiten die beweissichere Beschaffung und Verarbeitung von Massendaten insbesondere aus dem Ausland bereitet und vor welchen Herausforderungen Ermittler bei der Bekämpfung Organisierter Kriminalität stehen.
A Systematic Analysis of Higher Educational Content Over Social Media for Engagement Optimization
Authors: Saikia Prakrit , Barman Himadri 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to analyze higher educational institutions’ contents in terms of post variables and engagement volume based on categorical classification of theme to understand which factors affect the overall engagement. The sample included 29,814 Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter posts from the top 10 largest and global higher education institutions by community size as of January 1, 2021. The platform’s publically available dashboard metrics were used to analyze the engagement. A negative binomial regression model was used to estimate the impact of selected variables on engagement. Instagram has the highest potential for engagement growth and also dominates the other platforms for engagement per post. Twitter has been observed as the most preferred platform by volume of activity and also the least efficient of all. Facebook has the highest volume of engagement and second-highest efficiency. There is a huge gap between the publisher’s activity priority and engagement pattern across the selected platforms. The findings highlight the importance of developing a systematic procedure for analyzing content engagement potential and designing post strategies for each platform. This study contributes to the literature by designing a framework to analyze post efficiency as per content category for any given platform based on public level data. This adds up to the ability of the competitors with social media to analyze their position in terms of engagement and helps in estimation. These enhancements resulted in a framework with more explanatory power while projecting post efficiency.
Fronto-parietal single-trial brain connectivity benefits successful memory recognition
Authors: Jun Soyeon , Joo Yihyun , Sim Youjin , Pyo Chuyun , Ham Keunsoo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Successful recognition has been known to produce distinct patterns of neural activity. Many studies have used spectral power or event-related potentials of single recognition-specific regions as classification features. However, this does not accurately reflect the mechanisms behind recognition, in that recognition requires multiple brain regions to work together. Hence, classification accuracy of subsequent memory performance could be improved by using functional connectivity within memory-related brain networks instead of using local brain activity as classifiers. In this study, we examined electroencephalography (EEG) signals while performing a word recognition memory task. Recorded EEG signals were collected using a 32-channel cap. Connectivity measures related to the left hemispheric fronto-parietal connectivity (P3 and F3) were found to contribute to the accurate recognition of previously studied memory items. Classification of subsequent memory outcome using connectivity features revealed that the classifier with support vector machine achieved the highest classification accuracy of 86.79 ± 5.93% (mean ± standard deviation) by using theta (3–8 Hz) connectivity during successful recognition trials. The results strongly suggest that highly accurate classification of subsequent memory outcome can be achieved by using single-trial functional connectivity.
Extraction of silica from fly-ash and fabrication of silica-clay composite for dye removal and kinetic studies
Authors: Ali Zahid , Nazir Rabia , Saleem Sumaira , Nazir Arif , Alfryyan Nada , Alwadai Norah , Iqbal Munawar 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A facile and green approach to extract silica from the coal fly-ash waste is extremely critical for environmental sustainability and economically suitable. In this study, we have used acid-alkali coupled approach to improvised the proficiency of the extraction process. The sodium hydroxide (NaOH) soaking results the formation of the sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) solution then pure silica was obtained by heating at high temperature; this coupled route-way results better yield of silica (SiO2) which is ∼ 40 g. The efficiency of pure silica is not enough to remove toxic effluents from the aqueous media. A highly versatile approach of composite formation was adopted to fabricate silica-clay composite using kaolinite-clay and extracted silica. Both materials, extracted silica and its silica-clay composite were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) method, X-ray diffraction technique (XRD) and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR). The silica-clay composite showed plate-tubular like morphology with enormous binding sites available for the sorption pollutants like organic dyes. It has shown excellent sorption of methylene blue (MB) efficiency of 131.5 mg/g, while silica furnished the sorption of 70.5 mg/g. Results revealed that the synthesized material could probably have better potential for dye removal from industrial effluents.