bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Prior Blood Transfusions on Marrow Grafts: Abrogation of Sensitization by Procarbazine and Antithymocyte Serum
Authors: Storb Rainer , Floersheim Georg L. , Weiden Paul L. , Graham Theodore C. , Kolb Hans-Jochem , Lerner Kenneth G. , Schroeder Maria-Louise , Thomas E. Donnall 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Previous studies have shown that a single blood transfusion can immunize a dog and lead to rejection of a subsequent marrow graft even when donor and recipient are littermates matched at the major histocompatibility complex (DL-A). The present study was designed to evaluate whether immunization of a marrow graft recipient by prior blood transfusions could be abrogated by procarbazine and/or antithymocyte serum. On day 0, recipient dogs were given 1200 R total body irradiation followed by marrow from DL-A incompatible unrelated donors of different breed. All recipients were transfused with blood from the marrow donor on days -20 and -13 before irradiation. Group 1: seven of 10 dogs given no further therapy rejected the marrow graft. Group 2: four of eight dogs given procarbazine 12.5 mg/kg i.v. on days -8, -6 and -4 rejected. Group 3: five of 10 dogs given anti-dog thymocyte serum (ATS), 0.6 ml/kg subcutaneously on days -7, -5, and -3 rejected. Group 4: one of 10 dogs given procarbazine, 12.5 mg/kg i.v. on days -8, -6, and -4 and ATS, 0.6 ml/kg subcutaneously on days -7, -5, and -3 rejected the graft. Nine had sustained engraftment. Group 5: six of six dogs given the combination of procarbazine and ATS and further donor transfusions on days -6, -4, and -2 rejected.
It was concluded that immunization by preceding blood transfusions can be successfully abrogated by a combination of procarbazine and ATS (p &lt; 0.01). ATS or procarbazine alone were not sufficient. Continuation of donor blood transfusions during the procarbazine-ATS regimen precluded successful engraftment.
Structural Studies on a Human IgAl Myeloma Protein with a Carboxy-Terminal Deletion
Authors: Despont Jean-Pierre J. , Abel Carlos A. , Grey Howard M. , Penn Gerald M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A human IgA1 λ monomeric myeloma protein (Vo) was found to be antigenically deficient to other IgA proteins. The molecular weight of the heavy chains was 42,000 daltons, compared with a figure of 58,000 daltons found for normal α chains. In contrast, both the light (L) chains and the Fd′ fragment had molecular weights identical to those of other IgAl proteins. Two cyanogen bromide fragments were isolated from the heavy (H) chains: one fragment consisted of the first 85 amino acid residues of the variable region, whereas the second one contained the remainder of the foreshortened α chain. Neither the carboxy-terminal octapeptide of normal α chains nor the cyanogen bromide fragment containing 30 amino acid residues and located in normal α chains in a position preceding that of the octapeptide were found. The structural moiety missing in Vo and responsible for its antigenic deficiency was found to be a peptide consisting of more than 100 amino acid residues from the C-terminal end of the α chain, probably involving the entire CH3 domain.
Development of Reaginic Antibody-Forming Cells in the Spleen and Bone Marrow of Immunized Mice
Authors: Kind Leon S. , Malloy William F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In a recent communication (1) we described a method, heterologous adoptive cutaneous anaphylaxis (HACA),2 for the detection of reaginic antibody-forming cells (RAFC). Spleen, bone marrow, or lymph node cells taken from immunized CBA mice 28 and 56 days after immunization were transferred to the skin of rats. Twenty-four hours later the rats were challenged with antigen and Evans blue dye and a blue area appeared within minutes at the site of deposition of mouse cells. Since mouse IgG1 antibody will fix to mouse but not to rat mast cells (2), one can feel confident that HACA detects only reaginic antibody formation (1).
We now report the optimal conditions for HACA as well as the development of RAFC in the spleen and bone marrow of a moderate (SWR) and a poor (SJL) reagin-producing strain of mice from 3 to 61 days post-immunization. Levine (3) has proposed two kinds of genetic control of reagin production in mice.
Glycopeptides of Heavy Chains from Human IgA Myeloma Proteins
Authors: Despont Jean-Pierre J. , Abel Carlos A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Glucosamine-containing glycopeptides were isolated from the heavy chains of four human IgA1 and three IgA2 myeloma proteins. The amino acid sequence of two α1 glycopeptides (1a and 4a) and of three α2 glycopeptides (1b, 2b, and 3b) isolated from the constant region of α chains was determined. Peptides 1a and 1 b were localized to the N-terminal half of the Fc fragment, whereas peptides 4a and 3b were localized to the C-terminal half of this fragment.
Immunogenicity and Partial Purification of Soluble H-2 Antigens Extracted with Hypertonic Salt
Authors: Götze Dietrich , Reisfeld Ralph A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
H-2d antigen was solubilized by 3 M KCl extraction from cultured murine lymphoid cells L1210, derived from DBA/2 mice. Yields of protein and specific inhibitory activity were found to be optimal when the cells were harvested during log growth. A 5- to 7-fold increase in specific H-2d antigen activity was achieved by Sephadex gel filtration and cellulose ion exchange chromatography. Antibodies against H-2Kd and H-2Dd determinants were produced by immunization experiments within the allogeneic system. Immunization with soluble H-2d antigen led to specific sensitization with respect to cellular immunity, indicating that the soluble material maintained its integrity as a serologically defined histocompatibility antigen.
A Solid Phase Radioimmunoassay for the Diagnosis of Human Hydatidosis
Authors: Musiani Piero , Piantelli Mauro , Arru Efisio , Pozzuoli Roberto 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This report describes the application of solid phase radioimmunoassay in the diagnosis of human hydatidosis. Using plastic tubes or plastic cups coated with pure Echinococcus antigens (EA) and incubating with 125I-radioiodinated human anti-EA IgG and appropriate amounts of hydatidosis sera, we have demonstrated a competitive inhibition of the 125I anti-EA-binding reaction. The sensitivity and the specificity of this test was compared with the radioimmunoelectrophoretic, passive hemagglutination, and radioimmunoprecipitation tests. The solid state competitive binding radioassay offers clear advantages as regards the other tests so far utilized. Sensitivity as well as specificity is very high so that this method can be considered the test of choice in the serologic diagnosis of human hydatidosis.
Regulation of Antibody Response in Vitro
Authors: Kishimoto Tadamitsu , Ishizaka Kimishige 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mesenteric lymph node cells were obtained from rabbits that were primed with dinitrophenylated ragweed antigen (DNP-Rag) and supplemented with free Ascaris antigen (Asc); in vitro anti-hapten antibody response of the primed cells was studied. It was found that stimulation of Rag-sensitized cells with free Rag enhanced anti-DNP antibody response to DNP-unrelated carrier conjugate (DNP-KLH) but suppressed the response of the same cell suspension to DNP-Asc. It was also found that both IgG and IgE antibody responses to DNP-Rag were suppressed by the addition of free Asc with the homologous antigen. Mechanisms involved in the enhancement and suppression of antibody response by free carrier were explored with cell-free supernatant (CFS) obtained from the culture of primed lymph node cells with free carrier. The results showed that essentially all CFS preparations studied enhanced antibody response when they were added to primed lymph node cells which had been treated with a hapten-protein conjugate. Some of the CFS preparations, however, suppressed antibody response of the same primed cells, if they were added to the cells together with the antigen. Evidence was obtained which indicated that suppression of the antibody response by CFS is not due to an excess amount of enhancing soluble factor. Several preparations of CFS were incubated with the same primed cell suspension, either before or after incubation with antigen, to determine their suppressive effect and enhancing effect. The results showed that suppressive effect of CFS on the unstimulated cells did not correlate with their enhancing effect on the antigen-stimulated cells. The experiment eliminated the possibility that the same T cell factor expresses two opposite effects depending on the stage of B cell differentiation, and suggested the presence of both suppressive and enhancing soluble factors in the preparations of cell free supernatant.
The experiment also showed that enhancing soluble factor for IgE antibody response was obtained from carrier-specific cells primed with alum-precipitated antigen but the cells proliferated by the immunization with the carrier included in complete Freund's adjuvant did not release the enhancing soluble factor for IgE. It was also found that enhancing soluble factor for IgG antibody neither enhanced nor suppressed IgE antibody response.
Effect of Anti-µ-Specific Immunosuppression on Friend Virus Leukemia
Authors: Manning Dean D. , Kouttab Nicola M. , Jutila John W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Evidence is presented that neonatally initiated immunosuppression of BALB/c mice with rabbit anti-µ antiserum renders them refractory to Friend virus leukemia. Mice so treated failed to develop typical leukemic leukocytosis, splenomegaly, or splenic foci upon injection of 2.2 LD50 doses of Friend leukemia virus. A brief regimen of anti-µ treatment in young adult mice was shown to depress moderately the immune response against sheep red blood cells but to have no discernible effect upon the development of Friend virus leukemia. Several possible explanations for these observations are discussed.
Histamine Release: In Vitro Studies of the Inhibitory Region of the Dose-Response Curve
Authors: Magro Albert M. , Alexander Alice 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Histamine release from the leukocytes of ragweed sensitive donors, which also release well to Fc-specific anti-IgE, was studied. In one type of experiment the effect of increasing concentrations of monomer anti-IgE (Fab) upon the release induced by anti-IgE was observed. for a suboptimum concentration of anti-IgE, increasing concentrations of the monomer inhibited the histamine release. However, for a supraoptimum concentration of anti-IgE, increasing concentrations of the monomer enhanced the histamine release. Evidence was also obtained which shows that supraoptimum concentrations of anti-IgE render the cells unresponsive to a near optimum concentration of antigen E. As the anti-IgE concentrations were increased into the inhibitory region the release due to antigen E was not maintained but dropped in parallel to the decrease due to the anti-IgE. High concentrations of monomer anti-IgE caused no inhibition of the antigen E induced release. The data imply, that for anti-IgE-induced release, the descending portion of the dose-response curve may be the result of a turn-off mechanism caused by an excess of bridging.
Rosette-Plaque Assay: Fine Specificity Differences among Individual Hapten-Primed Lymph Node Cells
Authors: Bankert Richard B. , Wolf Benjamin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A combination rosette-plaque assay was used to demonstrate simultaneously hapten binding and antibody secretion by hapten-primed rabbit lymph node cells. A family of cross-reacting haptens was employed to investigate fine specificity differences of hapten-binding among early antibody-forming cells. The compounds used included 3-nitro-4-hydroxy-5-iodophenyl acetic acid (NIP), 3,5-dinitro-4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid (NNP), 3,5 diiodo-4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid (DIP), and 3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid (NP). The hapten-primed lymph node cells were first rosetted with two different rosette target cells simultaneously; the priming (homologous) hapten coupled to a sheep red blood cell stabilized with pyruvic aldehyde (PASRBC). One of the cross-reacting haptens was coupled to the other target PASRBC. The two rosette target PASRBC were distinguished by labeling one with a fluorescent marker. After rosette formation via centrifugation at 4°C, the cells were plaqued on fresh SRBC coupled with one of the several haptens. The simultaneous expression of the specificity of hapten-binding and antibody secretion was manifested as a rosette in the center of a plaque.
NIP-primed lymph node cells produced three different types of rosettes within plaques. The majority bound only the homologous hapten-coupled rosette target PASRBC (NIP-PASRBC). A smaller number of cells bound only the cross-reacting hapten-coupled target cells, i.e., NNP-PASRBC, DIP-PASRBC, or NP-PASRBC. The last group of cells bound both the homologous and cross-reactive target PASRBC simultaneously. In animals immunized to either NNP or DIP, these being relatively non-cross-reactive, very little to no cross-reactive binding was observed when the rosetted cells were plaqued on the homologous hapten-conjugated plaque target SRBC. for example NNP-primed lymph node cells rosetted by employing NNP-PASRBC plus DIP-PASRBC, and then plaqued on NNP-SRBC, were observed to bind the homologous NNP-PASRBC exclusively. However, when the same hapten-primed cells were rosetted as before, but now plaqued on the relatively non-cross-reactive plaque target cells (DIP-SRBC), a significant increase was noticed in the cross-reactive binding.
It would appear that the use of the heterologous plaque target SRBC has prejudiced the expression of heterologous binding which was not manifested when plaqued on the homologous plaque target SRBC. Moreover, the data considered collectively suggest a heterogeneity in the cross-reactivity of hapten-binding by plaque-forming cells.
Immunity to Murine Sarcoma Virus-Induced Tumors
Authors: Gorczynski Reginald M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
BALB/c mice immunized with murine sarcoma virus (MSV) have been studied at various times after injection for their immunity to either extracts of MSV-induced sarcomas or preparations of disrupted whole MSV virus. The assays used were the inhibition of normal macrophage migration, in the presence of immunizing antigen and sensitized cells, or the stimulation of protein or DNA synthesis in immune cells themselves, caused by the addition of the immunizing antigen.
Each assay system is shown to detect specific anti-MSV-induced immunity in both the spleen and lymph node of infected mice. The immune cells causing the effects observed in the systems tested seem to be T lymphocytes, as judged by the effect of anti-θ antiserum. Evidence is presented that two physically distinct populations of cells exist which can respond to MSV and show a net increase in total DNA or protein synthesis. However, only one of these cells seems able to release factors able to cause macrophage migration inhibition.
Immunologic Tolerance to a Hapten
Authors: Fidler John M. , Golub Edward S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The induction of tolerance to the TNP hapten in populations of B cells in various states of differentiation was studied with the free, reactive hapten trinitrobenzene-sulfonic acid (TNBS). An adoptive transfer system was used in which tolerance was induced in an adoptively transferred B cell source before the addition of reconstituting thymus cells and immunization with hapten-carrier. Bone marrow cells and cells from fetal liver were rendered tolerant to TNP in this manner, showing that tolerance can be induced in cells from the primary B cell precursor and stem cell source of both the adult and fetal mouse. Tolerance was induced in normal spleen cells after adoptive transfer and in spleen cells from ATXBM mice (B cell spleens) after transfer to ATX hosts. These experiments show the induction of tolerance to TNP in B cells in another state of differentiation (peripheral B cells). Tolerance could be induced in B cell sources depleted of T cells indicating that immunologic tolerance to TNP may be induced in B cells in the absence of T cells. The possibility of residual TNBS affecting the thymus cells used for reconstitution was ruled out by transferring fetal liver cells to a secondary host after tolerance induction in a primary adoptive host, and also by rendering ATXBM mice tolerant before the transfer of their spleen cells to an adoptive host. These maneuvers remove the B cells from the environment used for tolerance induction, and indicate that TNBS did not act upon reconstituting thymus cells. The data indicate that tolerance to TNP can be induced in early differentiation states of the B cell.
Reversal of Tumor-Mediated Suppression of Immune Reactivity by in Vitro Incubation of Spleen Cells
Authors: Laux David , Lausch Robert N. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The cellular immune response of hamsters to PARA-7 tumor isografts was investigated with the 51Cr-release assay. It was found that spleen cells obtained from tumor-bearing animals were not cytotoxic for PARA-7 target cells on direct testing. However, after overnight incubation in vitro the cells became specifically reactive. Activation was temperature dependent occurring at 37°C but not at 4°C.
Spleen cells from SV40-immunized animals behaved differently. They produced significant cytotoxicity without preincubation. if the virus-immunized hamsters were given a tumor graft then incubation was required. Conversely, if the graft was excised from tumor-bearing animals 3 days before spleen cell harvest, an immune response was obtained on direct testing. Spleen cells pretreated with sera from PARA-7 tumor bearers were significantly less cytotoxic than cells exposed to normal or heterologous tumor bearer sera.
These results indicate that the tumor, or more likely its by-products, can inhibit the activity of sensitized spleen cells, and that this phenomenon can be reversed by incubation of the cells in a tumor-free environment.
Isolation of IgE from Reaginic Rat Serum
Authors: Isersky Chaviva , Kulczycki Anthony , Metzger Henry 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
IgE from the serum of rats immunized with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis was substantially purified. As measured by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) activity an overall yield of 45% was reproducibly achieved by a combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel and ion-exchange chromatography, and immunoadsorbents. The iodinated final product was 80% precipitable by specific antisera to IgE, and in radio-immunoelectrophoresis with antiserum to light chains gave only a single line corresponding to the line given by antisera to IgE. No lines could be detected with an antiserum to normal serum proteins devoid of antibodies to light chains. About 80% of the IgE related counts were shown to bind specifically to neoplastic rat basophils. On the basis of these results it was calculated that 18 ng of rat IgE are adequate to give a detectable PCA response.
Evidence for T Lymphocyte Subpopulations in the Rabbit
Authors: Fanger Michael W. , Reese Andy C. , Schoenberg Melvin D. , Stavitsky Abram B. , Reese Alice L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A goat antibody to rabbit thymus cells (ATG) was used to study T lymphocyte distributions and subpopulations in the rabbit. ATG inhibited transformation of peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A) but not by goat anti-rabbit Fab. The distribution of T lymphocytes was determined by the ability of lymphocytes from the various tissues to absorb this inhibitory activity. Lymph node, peripheral blood, and thymus lymphocytes, in that order, were most capable of absorbing the ATG activity. Fluorescein-conjugated ATG caused fluorescence of 100% of thymus cells but lower percentages of lymphocytes from other organs. In addition, the intensity of staining by fluorescent antibody varied among lymphocytes even from the same organ. The results indicate the presence of rabbit T cell subpopulations which differ in the quantity of T antigen per cell. The effect of ATG on mitogen stimulation of lymphocytes from the various lymphoid organs indicated that the T cell subsets differed in their response to PHA and Con A, and in their susceptibility to the inhibitory effect of ATG. Evidence is also presented which suggests the presence of lymphocytes which possess both surface T antigen and Ig determinants.
In Vitro Demonstration of Complement-Dependent Cytotoxic Antibodies to Moloney Sarcoma Cells
Authors: Tamerius John D. , Hellström Ingegerd 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An in vitro microcytotoxicity assay was used to demonstrate complement-dependent cytotoxic antibodies to Moloney sarcoma virus-induced cells throughout the stages of tumor progression and regression in BALB/c mice. Complement-dependent cytotoxic antibodies were present in the sera of mice whose tumors were in the late stages of tumor growth, and most consistently in the sera of mice whose tumors had completely regressed (regressors). Regressor sera were strongly cytotoxic for at least 125 days after the onset of tumor regression. Preliminary evidence indicates that the complement-dependent cytotoxic antibody in regressor sera is a 7S immunoglobulin.
Regulation of the Antibody Response to Type III Pneumococcal Polysaccharide
Authors: Baker Phillip J. , Stashak Philip W. , Amsbaugh Diana F. , Prescott Benjamin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Prior treatment with a marginally immunogenic dose of Type III pneumococcal polysaccharide (SSS-III) resulted in the development of an unresponsive state. Such low-dose paralysis, which is antigen-specific, could not be induced in athymic nude mice and could be abrogated by treatment with anti-lymphocyte serum (ALS), a procedure reported to inactivate thymic-derived suppressor cells (suppressor T cells). These findings provide support for the view that low-dose paralysis to SSS-III is a T cell-dependent phenomenon in which suppressor T cells, activated by low doses of antigen, play a major role.
Cellular Basis of Immunodepression in Mice with Plasmacytomas
Authors: Zolla Susan , Naor David , Tanapatchaiyapong Prasert 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The primary immune response to sheep red cells (SRC) in plasmacytoma (PC)-bearing mice is consistently depressed; the degree of depression is dependent on tumor size and the dose of antigen administered. Mice bearing the two PC which most severely depress the primary response also have an impaired ability to mount a secondary response to SRC. The primary response of PC-bearing mice to a thymus-independent antigen is also depressed, indicating that B cells are at least one of the cell populations adversely affected in tumor-bearing hosts. However, the B cell precursors of antibody-forming cells, antigen-binding cells, are found in normal quantities and appear capable of binding antigen. The data also suggest that the PC which cause the most severe immunodepression affect the maturation of the precursors of antibody-forming cells whereas those tumors that have a significant but less marked effect on antibody production do not appear to alter the process of differentiation in antigen-triggered cells.
Interaction of Rheumatoid Factor with Infectious Vaccinia Virus-Antibody Complexes
Authors: Gipson Thomas G. , Daniels Charles A. , Notkins Abner L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Rheumatoid factor (RF), isolated from sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, attached to infectious vaccinia virus-IgG (Vac-IgG) complexes. Neutralization did not occur until the Vac-IgG-RF complexes were incubated with either goat antihuman IgM or complement. The amount of RF that attached was proportional to the concentration of IgG incubated with the virus. The enhancement by RF of complement-mediated neutralization of Vac-IgG was not dependent upon the order of addition of the immunoreactants. Complement addition before, with, or after RF resulted in the same amount of neutralization. These observations suggest that under certain conditions RF may play a role in the defense against viral infections.