bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of neuroimaging features of histiocytic neoplasms with central nervous system involvement: a retrospective study of 121 adult patients
Authors: Fan Xiaoyuan , Liu Ting , Zhang Zhiwen , Sun Jian , Niu Na , Mao Chenhui , Wang Fengdan , Li Jian , Zhou Daobin , Cao Xinxin , Jin Zhengyu , Feng Feng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To compare neuroimaging characteristics of three types of histiocytoses, namely Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD), and Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD), with central nervous system (CNS) involvement.

Methods
A total of 121 adult patients with histiocytoses (77 LCH, 37 ECD, and 7 RDD) and CNS involvement were retrospectively included. Histiocytoses were diagnosed based on histopathological findings combined with suggestive clinical and imaging features. Brain and dedicated pituitary MRIs were systematically analyzed for tumorous, vascular, degenerative lesions, sinus, and orbital involvement and for hypothalamic pituitary axis involvement.

Results
Endocrine disorders, including diabetes insipidus and central hypogonadism, were more common in LCH patients than in ECD and RDD patients (p < 0.001). In LCH, tumorous lesions were mostly solitary (85.7%), located in the hypothalamic pituitary region (92.9%), and without peritumoral edema (92.9%), while in ECD and RDD, tumorous lesions were often multiple (ECD: 81.3%, RDD: 85.7%), their distribution was more widespread with meninges mostly involved (ECD: 75%, RDD: 71.4%), and they most likely presented with peritumoral edema (ECD: 50%, RDD: 57.1%; all p ≤ 0.020). Vascular involvement was an exclusive imaging characteristic of ECD (17.2%), which was not observed in LCH or RDD; this was also associated with a higher risk of death (p = 0.013, hazard ratio = 11.09).

Conclusion
The typical characteristic of adult CNS-LCH was endocrine disorders with radiological findings limited to the hypothalamic pituitary axis. The pattern of multiple tumorous lesions with predominant involvement of meninges was the main manifestation of CNS-ECD and CNS-RDD, while vascular involvement was pathognomonic for ECD and associated with poor prognosis.

Clinical relevance statement
Involvement of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis is the typical imaging characteristic of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Multiple tumorous lesions, predominantly involving but not limited to meninges, occur in most Erdheim-Chester disease and Rosai-Dorfman disease patients. Vascular involvement occurs only in Erdheim-Chester disease patients.

Key Points
• The different distribution patterns of brain tumorous lesions can help differentiate among LCH, ECD, and RDD.
• Vascular involvement was an exclusive imaging finding of ECD and was associated with high mortality.
• Some cases with atypical imaging manifestations were reported to further expand the knowledge on these diseases.
Fat enhanced leukocyte-platelet-rich fibrin versus fascia lata in endoscopic reconstruction of CSF leaks
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmed Aly , Yoneis Ahmed , Elsakka Ahmed , Elwany Samy 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to use a new biological active fat enhanced leukocyte-platelet-rich fibrin membrane (L-PRF) for skull base defect reconstruction and compare its validity and reliability with the time-honored fascia lata.

Methods
This prospective study was conducted on 48 patients with spontaneous CSF leaks who were divided into 2 matched groups by stratified randomization, 24 patients in each group. In group A we performed multilayer repair using fat enhanced L-PRF membrane. In group B we used fascia lata for the multilayer repair. In both groups we enforced the repair with mucosal grafts/flaps.

Results
The two groups were statistically matched for age, sex, intracranial pressure, and site and size of the skull base defect. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding the outcome of the repair or recurrence of CSF leak during the first postoperative year. Meningitis occurred in one patient in group B and was successfully treated. Another patient in group B developed thigh hematoma which resolved spontaneously.

Conclusion
The fat enhanced L-PRF membrane is a valid reliable option in repair of CSF leaks. The membrane is autologous, readily available, easily prepared, and has the advange of including stromal fat, stromal vascular fraction (SVF), and leukocyte-platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF). The present study showed that fat enhanced L-PRF membrane is stable, non-absorbable, not liable to shrink or become necrotic, and can establish good seal of the skull base defect and further enhance the healing process. The use of the membrane also has the advantage of avoiding thigh incision and possible hematoma formation.
Using qPCR and microscopy to assess the impact of harvesting and weather conditions on the relationship between Alternaria alternata and Alternaria spp. spores in rural and urban atmospheres
Authors: Apangu Godfrey Philliam , Frisk Carl Alexander , Adams-Groom Beverley , Petch Geoffrey M. , Hanson Mary , Skjøth Carsten Ambelas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlternaria is a plant pathogen and human allergen. Alternaria alternata is one of the most abundant fungal spores in the air. The purpose of this study was to examine whether Alternaria spp. spore concentrations can be used to predict the abundance and spatio-temporal pattern of A. alternata spores in the air. This was investigated by testing the hypothesis that A. alternata dominates airborne Alternaria spp. spores and varies spatio-temporally. Secondarily, we aimed at investigating the relationship between airborne Alternaria spp. spores and the DNA profile of A. alternata spores between two proximate (~ 7 km apart) sites. These were examined by sampling Alternaria spp. spores using Burkard 7-day and cyclone samplers for the period 2016–2018 at Worcester and Lakeside campuses of the University of Worcester, UK. Daily Alternaria spp. spores from the Burkard traps were identified using optical microscopy whilst A. alternata from the cyclone samples was detected and quantified using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The results showed that either A. alternata or other Alternaria species spores dominate the airborne Alternaria spore concentrations, generally depending on weather conditions. Furthermore, although Alternaria spp. spore concentrations were similar for the two proximate sites, A. alternata spore concentrations significantly varied for those sites and it is highly likely that the airborne samples contained large amounts of small fragments of A. alternata. Overall, the study shows that there is a higher abundance of airborne Alternaria allergen than reported by aerobiological networks and the majority is likely to be from spore and hyphal fragments.
Auditory feedback in tele-rehabilitation based on automated gait classification
Authors: de Jesus Oliveira Victor Adriel , Slijepčević Djordje , Dumphart Bernhard , Ferstl Stefan , Reis Joschua , Raberger Anna-Maria , Heller Mario , Horsak Brian , Iber Michael 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we describe a proof-of-concept for the implementation of a wearable auditory biofeedback system based on a sensor-instrumented insole. Such a system aims to assist everyday users with static and dynamic exercises for gait rehabilitation interventions by providing auditory feedback based on plantar pressure distribution and automated classification of functional gait disorders. As ground reaction force (GRF) data are frequently used in clinical practice to quantitatively describe human motion and have been successfully used for the classification of gait patterns into clinically relevant classes, a feed-forward neural network was implemented on the firmware of the insoles to estimate the GRFs using pressure and acceleration data. The estimated GRFs approximated well the GRF measurements obtained from force plates. To distinguish between physiological gait and gait disorders, we trained and evaluated a support vector machine with labeled data from a publicly accessible dataset. The automated gait classification was then sonified for auditory feedback. The potential of the implemented auditory feedback for preventive and supportive applications in physical therapy was finally assessed with both expert and non-expert participants. A focus group revealed experts’ expectations for the proposed system, while a usability study assessed the clarity of the auditory feedback to everyday users. The evaluation shows promising results regarding the usefulness of our system in this application area.
Topological electronics: from infinity to six
Authors: Wang Frank Z. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTopology captures the essence of what remains unchanged under a transformation. This study was motivated by a newly found topological invariant called super conformality that leads to local activity of a higher-integral-order electric element. As a result, the traditional periodic table of the electric elements can be dramatically reduced to have only six passive ones (resistor, inductor, capacitor, memristor, meminductor, and memcapacitor), in contrast to the unbounded table predicted 40 years ago. Our claim was experimentally verified by the fact that the two higher-integral-order memristors in the famous Hodgkin–Huxley circuit are locally active with an internal battery.
Recent Research Progress of RGD Peptide–Modified Nanodrug Delivery Systems in Tumor Therapy
Authors: Yin Liyan , Li Xingchen , Wang Rongrong , Zeng Yiying , Zeng Zhaowu , Xie Tian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThere have been great advancements in targeted nanodrug delivery systems for tumor therapy. Liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and inorganic nanoparticles are commonly employed as nanocarriers for drug delivery, and it has been found that arginine glycine aspartic acid (RGD) peptides and their derivatives can be used as ligands of integrin receptors to enhance the direct targeting ability. In this paper, we review the recent applications of RGD-modified liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and inorganic nanocarriers in cancer diagnosis and treatment, discuss the current challenges and prospects, and examine the progress made by the latest research on RGD peptide–modified nano delivery systems in cancer therapy. In recent years, RGD peptide–modified nanodrug delivery systems have been proven to have great potential in tumor therapy. Finally, we provide an overview of the current limitations and future directions of RGD peptide–modified nano-drug delivery systems for cancer therapy. This review aims to elucidate the contribution of RGD peptide–modified nanodrug delivery systems in the field of tumor therapy.
Solving larger maximum clique problems using parallel quantum annealing
Authors: Pelofske Elijah , Hahn Georg , Djidjev Hristo N. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractQuantum annealing has the potential to find low energy solutions of NP-hard problems that can be expressed as quadratic unconstrained binary optimization problems. However, the hardware of the quantum annealer manufactured by D-Wave Systems, which we consider in this work, is sparsely connected and moderately sized (on the order of thousands of qubits), thus necessitating a minor-embedding of a logical problem onto the physical qubit hardware. The combination of relatively small hardware sizes and the necessity of a minor-embedding can mean that solving large optimization problems is not possible on current quantum annealers. In this research, we show that a hybrid approach combining parallel quantum annealing with graph decomposition allows one to solve larger optimization problem accurately. We apply the approach to the Maximum Clique problem on graphs with up to 120 nodes and 6395 edges.
Between Science, Movement, and Democracy: Scientists for Future in the Politics–Society Interface
Authors: Herzog Laura , Lenschow Andrea , Pollex Jan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the midst of the recent wave of climate activism, a group of scientists formed the initiative Scientists for Future (S4F) to support the Fridays for Future movement and emphasise the scientific evidence their activism is based on. While scientists have participated in policymaking by taking roles as advisers to policymakers in the past, forming a social movement is an unprecedented form of communicating scientific evidence. In this contribution, we assume that the S4F initiative aims to voice dissatisfaction both with prevalent decision-making processes and with the substance of these decisions. Using novel data from a survey conducted among members of this movement in the summer of 2021, we investigated their motivations and perspectives on the role of scientists in democratic processes and their attitudes about a reformist or more radical pathway towards a climate-neutral society and sustainable development. Our analysis shows that the majority of S4F members support democratic reforms rather than fundamental systemic change. Furthermore, most respondents show signs of a conviction that scientific expertise should take a superior role in climate policy rather than make room for wide participatory practices. Overall, the S4F is aimed at the diversification of political arenas to raise the impact of scientific knowledge in environmental and climate policymaking.
Ambulatory short-term mechanical circulatory support: facilitates recovery and prepares patients for definitive therapy
Authors: Raman Jaishankar , Saxena Pankaj 
Published: May 2023

AbstractShort-term mechanical circulatory support (ST-MCS) devices have been traditionally deployed in patients with cardiogenic shock, advanced heart failure, cardiovascular collapse, and cardiorespiratory failure. Limitations of the mechanical support devices are typically related to mobility of the patient since the access is frequently through femoral vasculature. This limits the time the patient can be supported by mechanical circulatory support (MCS). We describe deployment of ST-MCS using alternate access such as the subclavian/axillary artery that facilitates ambulation of the patient. These include the deployment of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) through the subclavian artery, Impella pump through the axillary/subclavian artery, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) using the subclavian artery and jugular vein.
Introduction to the Special Issue: Theory and Practice of Connectivity in the Indo-Pacific—Spheres, Logics, and Regional Dynamics
Authors: Gaens Bart , Sinkkonen Ville , Ruokamo Anu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis short introduction to the Special Issue entitled “Theory and Practice of Connectivity in the Indo-Pacific – Spheres, Logics, and Regional Dynamics” serves four objectives. It first briefly outlines the rationale for theoretical and empirical engagement with the concept of connectivity, which has become a ubiquitous term in the policy parlance of key global actors in recent years. The introduction then provides a short leader on the connectivity initiatives of key players, specifically China, the USA, Japan, the European Union, and Russia, with a particular focus on the Indo-Pacific space. Third, the seven articles that comprise the Special Issue are summarised. The contributions include a theoretically and conceptually oriented lead article, which introduces an analytical framework for the study of connectivity, and six more empirically motivated contributions that draw upon the said framework. Finally, key takeaways arising from the articles with respect to a broader research agenda on connectivity are discussed.
Towards a seamless data cycle for space components: considerations from the growing European future digital ecosystem Gaia-X
Authors: Seidel A. , Wenzel K. , Hänel A. , Teicher U. , Weiß A. , Schäfer U. , Ihlenfeldt S. , Eisenmann H. , Ernst H. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractESA’s Design 2 produces cross-cutting initiative includes digitalisation, process automation, interoperability, and harnessing smart embedded sensors to achieve a seamless data cycle (SDC). The SDC in digital engineering covers requirements and design, production, assembly, integration, and testing as well as in-flight operations including recycling. Nevertheless, central data and legal challenges lie in the joint research addressed Europe-wide (geo-return) and the partner network constraints covering agency, large system integrator (LSI), research and development (R&D), and high-tech SME interests. Either way, a legal enabler for digitization of the European space business can be seen in ESA's strict compliance policy with regard to the acceptance of their general terms and conditions. In fact, it is reasonable to assume that ESA declares data to be a common deliverable in the future and that the contractors accept this too. However, there are technical challenges like portability, interoperability, interconnectivity, and the need for a federated infrastructure, while all these aspects have to be solved across company and national borders. The European Gaia-X project tackles the aforementioned challenges while targeting an open, transparent, and secure digital ecosystem in which data are stored, processed, and used while retaining data sovereignty. This paper deepens these framework conditions, addresses them from the perspective of real space applications, and presents key opportunities and challenges at the implementation level. Moreover, it shows how the seamless data cycle contributes to increase freedom of design, improve overall performance, and reduce cost and lead time from concept to manufacturing while creating new high-performance space products.
Fibonacci wavelets operational matrix approach for solving chemistry problems
Authors: Manohara G. , Kumbinarasaiah S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe key idea and contribution of this study are to present the innovative functional matrix approach for solving the two chemical, mathematical problems such as the absorption of $$C{O}_{2}$$

C

O
2

into phenyl glycidyl ether (PGE) and the chemical kinetic problem. These chemical problems are characterized as a system of nonlinear ODEs with initial and boundary conditions. Numerical outcomes are obtained to establish the simplicity and efficacy of the developed scheme. Graphs and tables show how consistently and effectively the developed strategy works. Results obtained show that the newly adopted technique is more precise and effective than other methods such as Adam–Bashforth–Moultan method (ABM), Runge–Kutta method (RK4), Adomian Decomposition method (ADM), and residual method (RM). Mathematical software called Mathematica 11.3 has been used to perform all calculations. Theorems explain the convergence of this approach.
Laboratory evaluation of the effect of rice husk fiber on soil properties and behaviors
Authors: Bazuhair Rabeea W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSoil stabilization is usually used to enhance the soil properties and characteristics. Cement or supplementary cementitious materials (SAMs) are used for soil stabilization. Stabilized soil can be used in several civil constructions and structures such as roads bed, roadside stability and slop, and subgrade layers for pavement structures. Also, developing countries use stabilized soil for building houses due to low-cost, energy-efficient, and environment benefits. In this study, compressed earth blocks (CEBs) stabilized with Rice Husk Fiber without the use of cement are utilized to evaluate the effects of Rice Husk Fiber on the soil properties and behaviors. Different percentages of rice husk fiber (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0%) are blended into the moist clay and pit sand mixture. The CEBs were extracted from the soil mixture and dried. CEB cube crushing strength and modulus of rupture were determined in laboratory tests. The effect of rice husk fiber on the fundamental structural properties of CEBs was studied and compared to those that did not contain rice husk fiber. The results show that increasing the amount of rice husk fiber reduced shrinkage, drying time, cube crushing strength, and modulus of rupture by half (50%) as well as load-carrying capacity by 25%. According to existing guidelines, the compressive strength and modulus of rupture of the CEBs presented in this study are sufficient for use in earth buildings.
Generalized Similarity Operator for Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets and its Applications Based on Recognition Principle and Multiple Criteria Decision Making Technique
Authors: Zhou Yi , Ejegwa Paul Augustine , Johnny Samuel Ebimobowei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMany complex real-world problems have been resolved based on similarity operators under intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs). Numerous authors have developed intuitionistic fuzzy similarity operators (IFSOs) but with some setbacks, which include imprecise results, omission of hesitation information, misleading interpretations, and outright violations of metric axioms of similarity operator. To this end, this article presents a newly developed similarity operator under IFSs to ameliorate the itemized setbacks noticed with the hitherto similarity operators. To buttress the validity of the new similarity operator, we discuss its properties in alliance with the truisms of similarity. In addition, we discuss some complex decision-making situations involving car purchase selection process, pattern recognition, and emergency management using the new similarity operator based on multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) technique and recognition principle, respectively. Finally, comparative studies are presented to argue the justification of the new similarity operator. In short, the novelty of this work includes the evaluation of the existing IFSOs to isolate their fault lines, development of a new IFSO technique with the capacity to resolve the fault lines in the existing techniques, elaboration of some properties of the newly developed IFSO, and its applications in the solution of disaster control, pattern recognition, and the process of car selection for purchasing purpose based on the recognition principle and MCDM.
Penicillin allergy evaluation in hospitalized patients with hematologic malignancy
Authors: Patel Vima M. , Chu Brian , Hamilton Keith W. , Bellamy Cassandra , Harker Christina , Bryer Joshua S. , Shields Bridget , Hirsh Rebecca L. , Fadugba Olajumoke O. , Micheletti Robert G. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A penicillin allergy testing service (PATS) assessed penicillin allergy in patients with hematologic malignancies; 17 patients who met criteria had negative skin testing. Patients who underwent penicillin challenge passed and were delabeled. Of delabeled patients, 87% received and tolerated β-lactams during follow-up. Providers found the PATS valuable.
Preventing the onset of depressive disorders in low-and middle-income countries: An overview
Authors: Cuijpers Pim 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Depressive disorders constitute an important and costly public health problem and worldwide most of the disease burden is suffered in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Treatments only have limited possibilities to reduce the disease burden of depressive disorders. Prevention may be one of the alternative ways to further reduce the disease burden of depressive disorders. In this paper, the results of a subgroup analysis of a previous meta-analysis on the effect of preventive interventions on the incidence of depressive disorders was undertaken. Only 6% of all trials examining the possibility to prevent the onset of major depression have been conducted in LMICs, and these studies find significantly smaller effects than those in high-income settings. It is too early, therefore, to consider implementing and disseminating preventive interventions in LMICS. However, in optimal conditions and assuming that evidence-based preventive interventions will be developed, investments should be made into treatment, universal, selective and indicated prevention, as well as in social institutions focusing on larger risk factors for mental health problems.