bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selecting recombinants to stack high protein with high oleic acid and low linoleic acid in soybean (Glycine max)
Authors: McDonald Samuel C. , Bilyeu Kristin , Koebernick Jenny , Buckley Blair , Fallen Benjamin , Mian M. A. Rouf , Li Zenglu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSoybean accounts for over a quarter of the world's oilseed consumption and over 70% of the world's protein meal consumption. The separate development of high oleic, low linolenic acid (HOLL) soybean and high‐protein (HP) soybean means that no soybean cultivar on the market has an optimal fatty acid profile and increased protein. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate high protein, high oleic acid, and low linolenic acid (HP‐HOLL) soybean. A five‐gene stack was created using a two‐phase forward breeding scheme and marker‐assisted selection method. Forty‐six HP‐HOLL lines from three genetic backgrounds were grown in six environments in the Southeast United States. Although genotype‐by‐environment interaction was significant for seed composition traits, lines met the >75% and <3% cutoffs for oleic acid and linolenic acid, respectively, and met or exceeded the protein concentration of the HP parent. No negative interaction could be detected between the HP and HOLL traits. Additionally, yield testing in four environments indicated yield parity for some lines, suggesting HP and HOLL soybean cultivars with high yield could be selected.
Directional assessment of the skin barrier function in vivo
Authors: Alsamad Fanny , Stamatas Georgios N. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe fundamental function of the epidermis is to provide an inside‐out barrier to water loss and an outside‐in barrier to penetration of external irritants. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) has been extensively used as a method of estimating the skin barrier quality, typically without any consideration of directionality. The validity of TEWL as an estimate of skin permeability to external substances has been controversial in vitro and in vivo. The aim of this work was to assess the relationship between TEWL and the penetration of a topically applied external marker (caffeine) in healthy skin in vivo before and following a challenge to the barrier.MethodsThe skin barrier was challenged by application of aqueous solutions of mild cleanser products under occlusion for 3 h on the forearms of nine human participants. Skin barrier quality was evaluated before and after the challenge by measuring the TEWL rate and the permeated amount of topically applied caffeine using in vivo confocal Raman microspectroscopy.ResultsNo skin irritation was observed following the skin barrier challenge. TEWL rates and the caffeine penetrated amount in thestratum corneumafter the challenge were not correlated. A weak correlation was observed when the changes were corrected to water‐only treatment. TEWL values can be influenced by environmental conditions as well as the skin temperature and water content.ConclusionsMeasuring TEWL rates is not always representative of the outside‐in barrier. TEWL may be useful in differentiating large changes in skin barrier function (e.g., between healthy and compromised skin) but is less sensitive to small variations following topical application of mild cleansers.
A micro‐CT investigation of densification in pressboard due to compression
Authors: Afshar R. , Stjärnesund J. , Gamstedt E. K. , Girlanda O. , Sahlén F. , Tjahjanto D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAs a non‐destructive inspection method, micro‐computed tomography has been employed for determining local properties of a cellulose‐based product, specifically pressboard. Furthermore, by utilizing the determined properties in a detailed numerical model, by means of a finite element analysis, we demonstrate a continuum anisotropic viscoelastic‐viscoplastic model. Through such a combination of non‐invasive experiments with accurate computations in mechanics, we attain a better understanding of materials and its structural integrity at a pre‐production stage increasing the success of the first prototype. In detail, this combination of micro‐computed tomography and finite element analysis improves accuracy in predicting materials response by taking into account the local material variations. Specifically, we have performed indentation tests and scanned the internal structure of the specimen for analysing the densification patterns within the material. Subsequently, we have used a developed material model for predicting the response of material to indentation. We have computed the indentation test itself by simulating the mechanical response of high‐density cellulose‐based materials. In the end, we have observed that pressboard, having initially a heterogeneous density distribution through the thickness, shows a shift in the densification to the more porous part after indentation. The densification maps of the simulated results are presented by comparing with the experimental results. A reasonable agreement is observed between the experimental and the simulated densifications patterns, which suggests that the proposed methodology can be used to predict densification also for other fibre‐based materials during manufacturing or in service loading.
Mechanical behaviour and fracture evolution of coal specimens containing an over‐excavated hole: Experimental study and numerical modelling
Authors: Zhongyi Man , Chun Liu , Mingyao Wei , Yonglong Wang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUtilising a series of mechanically over‐excavated cavities along borehole is a novel technique for enhancing the permeability of soft coal seams and, consequently, gas drainage. The evolution of cracks induced by a wide range of pressure‐relief around an over‐excavated hole is intrinsically complex. In this study, the mechanical behaviour and crack evolution of the specimens containing an over‐excavated hole under uniaxial compression loading were studied by experimental and 3D numerical simulation. The results indicated that the peak strength and elastic modulus of the specimens gradually decrease with increasing cavity diameter and length, which is also verified by the numerical simulation. The inclusion of cylindrical cavities in over‐excavated holes results in reduced crack initiation stress and a greater degradation of peak stress and elastic modulus, despite having an equivalent volume to the ellipsoidal cavity. This is likely attributed to the difference in stress concentration between the cylindrical and ellipsoidal cavities. The crack propagation process can be classified into four stages based on the acoustic emission (AE) event counts, initial crack compaction, stable crack propagation, unstable crack propagation and post‐peak failure stage. The two AE indices, rise angle and average frequency value, demonstrated that the failure is dominated by tensile crack and gradually transformed to shear crack. Stress redistribution is essential in the initiation and propagation of cracks. Tensile stress concentration leads to cracks forming at the top and bottom of the hole, which propagate in the direction of loading. Compressive stress concentration results in shear cracks forming at the left and right sides of the hole, which propagate diagonally. The failure pattern of the specimen is ultimately determined by a combination of tensile and mixed crack propagation. The experimental and numerical results contribute to a deeper understanding of the crack evolution mechanism of coal seams with over‐excavated holes.
Drought stress‐mediated differences in phyllosphere microbiome and associated pathogen resistance between male and female poplars
Authors: Lin Tiantian , Tang Jiayao , Li Shuying , Li Shujiang , Han Shan , Liu Yinggao , Yang Chunlin , Chen Gang , Chen Lianghua , Zhu Tianhui 
Published: May 2023

SUMMARYPhyllosphere‐associated microbes play a crucial role in plant–pathogen interactions while their composition and diversity are strongly influenced by drought stress. As dioecious plant species exhibited secondary dimorphism between the two sexes in response to drought stress, whether such difference will lead to sex‐specific differences in phyllosphere microbiome and associated pathogen resistance between male and female conspecifics is still unknown. In this study, we subjected female and male full siblings of a dioecious poplar species to a short period of drought treatment followed by artificial infection of a leaf pathogenic fungus. Our results showed that male plants grew better than females with or without drought stress. Female control plants had more leaf lesion area than males after pathogen infection, whereas drought stress reversed such a difference. Further correlation and in vitro toxicity tests suggested that drought‐mediated sexual differences in pathogen resistance between the two plant sexes could be attributed to the shifts in structure and function of phyllosphere‐associated microbiome rather than the amount of leaf main defensive chemicals contained in plant leaves. Supportively, the microbiome analysis through high‐throughput sequencing indicated that female phyllosphere enriched a higher abundance of ecologically beneficial microbes that serve as biological plant protectants, while males harbored abundant phytopathogens under drought‐stressed conditions. The results could provide potential implications for the selection of suitable poplar sex to plants in drought or semi‐drought habitats.
Multi-Physical Modeling of Launcher Electromechanical Actuators Accounting for Production Variability and Thermal Effects
Authors: Wauthion Benjamin , Telteu-Nedelcu Dan , Alexandre Paul , Kinnaert Michel 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
With the trend toward reusable launchers, there is a need to develop health monitoring systems for electromechanical actuators (EMAs) performing nozzle orientation. To tune such a health monitoring system, data sets reproducing EMA operation in healthy and faulty modes are needed. Besides, effect of production variability and thermal dependency should also be accounted for. In this paper, a systematic approach to determine an EMA model from which appropriate data sets can be generated is presented. The focus is on mechanical faults such as high friction level that may lead to jamming and excessive backlash. From available experimental data sets recorded on a fleet of EMA, gray box identification is used to estimate the friction parameters including their confidence level for the different EMAs. Production variability is then characterized by showing that each parameter estimate is represented by a Gaussian distribution at a given temperature. Next thermal effects are accounted for through a Gaussian process characterizing parameter variability with respect to temperature. Validation of the model is finally performed with EMA healthy operation data.
Contacting Micro Asperity of a Deformable Surface
Authors: Liu Shuangbiao , Dorcy Nicole , Jane Wang Q. , Chung Yip-Wah , Berkebile Stephen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Deterministic contact modeling based on half-space theories has satisfied a wide range of applications. However, the half-space theories themselves do not involve shape effects of roughness on Green’s functions/influence coefficients; in deterministic rough-surface contact analyses, the roughness is considered in gap function. This approach can be called the “roughness simplification.” One needs to answer two questions about the validity of the roughness simplification: How appropriate is the roughness simplification in modeling rough-surface contacts? How accurately can the commonly included contact-plasticity behavior be captured under the roughness simplification? This work utilized a double-scale representation of an asperity—a microscopic deformable asperity stacked on a deformable half-space, to obtain their combined contact responses in both elastic and plastic regimes. The deformation and contact behaviors of asperities thus configured were obtained with finite element analysis (FEA) and rough-surface half-space contact solvers. Three stages of asperity contact were discovered: the Hertzian stage, the single-region elastoplastic stage, and the two-region elastoplastic stage where the surrounding base material also takes part in the contact. The comparisons of contact deformation and pressure results from both the finite element analysis and half-space contact solvers support the validity of the half-space theories with the roughness simplification for various ellipsoid-shape asperities with circular-bases in both elastic and elastoplastic rough-surface asperity modeling. The research also reveals that when significant plastic deformations occur, asperities with different aspect ratios can bear different maximum elastoplastic contact pressures.
SARS-CoV2 in public spaces in West London, UK during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Abubakar-Waziri Hisham , Kalaiarasan Gopinath , Wawman Rebecca , Hobbs Faye , Adcock Ian , Dilliway Claire , Fang Fangxin , Pain Christopher , Porter Alexandra , Bhavsar Pankaj K , Ransome Emma , Savolainen Vincent , Kumar Prashant , Chung Kian Fan 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundSpread of SARS-CoV2 by aerosol is considered an important mode of transmission over distances >2 m, particularly indoors.ObjectivesWe determined whether SARS-CoV2 could be detected in the air of enclosed/semi-enclosed public spaces.Methods and analysisBetween March 2021 and December 2021 during the easing of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions after a period of lockdown, we used total suspended and size-segregated particulate matter (PM) samplers for the detection of SARS-CoV2 in hospitals wards and waiting areas, on public transport, in a university campus and in a primary school in West London.ResultsWe collected 207 samples, of which 20 (9.7%) were positive for SARS-CoV2 using quantitative PCR. Positive samples were collected from hospital patient waiting areas, from hospital wards treating patients with COVID-19 using stationary samplers and from train carriages in London underground using personal samplers. Mean virus concentrations varied between 429 500 copies/m3in the hospital emergency waiting area and the more frequent 164 000 copies/m3found in other areas. There were more frequent positive samples from PM samplers in the PM2.5 fractions compared with PM10 and PM1. Culture on Vero cells of all collected samples gave negative results.ConclusionDuring a period of partial opening during the COVID-19 pandemic in London, we detected SARS-CoV2 RNA in the air of hospital waiting areas and wards and of London Underground train carriage. More research is needed to determine the transmission potential of SARS-CoV2 detected in the air.
GROWTH AND PROPERTIES OF SPIN-COATED TRANSPARENT SN AND AL-DOPED ZNO THIN FILMS
Authors: BAKHOUCHE AMEL , BOUAFIA MOHAMED 
Published: May 2023

In this work, Zinc Oxide (ZnO) thin films doped and undoped with Sn and Al were grown on ITO substrates by the sol–gel spin coating technique, where the Sn/Zn and Al/Zn atomic ratios were, respectively, 5% and 7% in the solution. SZO and AZO structures were examined using XRD, AFM, SEM, UV–vis spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) to investigate the morphology, structural, and optical characteristics. According to XRD analysis, all of the produced films have a hexagonal wurtzite structure with a polycrystalline nature oriented along the (1 0 0) direction. The crystallite size was calculated using the well-known Scherrer’s formula and found to be in the range of 23–40 nm. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) results revealed that Sn and Al low doping had an impact on the morphological surface of the films. The measurements from the UV-Visible Spectrophotometer (U–Vis) showed that undoped ZnO film has a high optical transparency in the visible region (over [Formula: see text]%), and then the optical band gap of thin films was calculated. PL is observed for ZnO thin films doped and undoped with Sn and Al.
Upgradation of AIMPOL Instrument on the 104-cm Sampurnanand Telescope of ARIES
Authors: Pandey Jeewan C. , Singh Sadhana , Yadav R. K. S. , Nanjappa Nandish , Pant Jayshreekar , Kumar Mukesh , Sahu Sanjit 
Published: May 2023

We present a recent upgradation of the ARIES IMaging POLarimeter (AIMPOL) mounted on the 104[Formula: see text]cm Sampurnanand telescope of ARIES, Nainital since 2004. AIMPOL is upgraded by replacing the older detector with a new CCD, Pylon 1300B and the older sliding filter assembly with an automatic wheel filter assembly. A characterization of this CCD is performed and several CCD parameters like gain, read-out noise, dark current, and linearity are verified. The average value of the bias offset is measured to be ∼600 ADU whereas the dark current is measured to be 0.2[Formula: see text]e−/pixel/h at [Formula: see text]C. The CCD can be operated safely between [Formula: see text] C to [Formula: see text]C due to the almost constant dark current in this temperature range. The nonlinearity of the CCD is measured to be ∼2%, which is suitable for scientific observations. A few polarimetric observations are also taken using the upgraded AIMPOL. The degree of polarization and position angle of a few standard polarized stars are found to be similar to their standard and previously observed values.
Tendon Transfer versus Nerve Transfer for the Reconstruction of Key Pinch and Grip Strength in Isolated High Traumatic Injuries of the Ulnar Nerve: A Systematic Review
Authors: PARYLO Jacek , HODGSON Samuel , CHAUDHRY Tahseen 
Published: May 2023

Background: Primary repair for traumatic injuries to the ulnar nerve alone does not always restore satisfactory hand function, particularly in injuries above the elbow where the long distances for regeneration limit motor reinnervation. Reductions in key pinch and grip strength are some of the main complaints. Tendon transfers have traditionally been used to improve key pinch and grip strength as a late salvage where primary nerve regeneration has run its course. Nerve transfers have been proposed as an alternative procedure and may be offered early to augment recovery, lengthen the window for reinnervation or provide motor reinnervation where the results of nerve repair are expected to be poor. This review sought to identify whether one type of procedure was superior to the other for reconstructing key pinch and grip strength.Methods: Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library were searched to identify articles that concerned nerve or tendon transfer following isolated traumatic injury to the ulnar nerve. Articles were excluded if patients had polytrauma or degenerative diseases of the peripheral nerves.Results: A total of 179 articles were screened for inclusion. And 35 full-text articles were read and assessed for eligibility, of which seven articles were eligible. Following citation search, two additional articles were included. Five tendon transfer articles and four nerve transfer articles were included. Key pinch and grip strength outcomes for both procedures were roughly similar, though tendon transfers carried a much higher risk of complications.Conclusions: Based on the key pinch and grip strength outcomes, tendon transfer and nerve transfer restore a similar degree of function following traumatic ulnar injury. Reported nerve transfer outcomes for grip strength were slightly better. Return to useful function was faster following tendon transfers. Preoperative data and more patient-reported outcome measures should be recorded in future studies to provide more context for each procedure type.Level of Evidence: Level III (Therapeutic)
Factors Associated with Change in Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome after Electrodiagnostic Studies
Authors: MATSUO Tomoki , KIMURA Hiroo , FURUHATA Ryogo , SUZUKI Taku , MATSUMURA Noboru , IWAMOTO Takuji 
Published: May 2023

Background: Hand surgeons sometimes place more weight on clinical findings and may not always consider the results of electrodiagnostic studies (EDX) in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The aim of this study is to determine factors associated with a change in diagnosis of CTS after EDX. Methods: This is a retrospective study of all patients with an initial clinical diagnosis of CTS who underwent EDX at our hospital. We identified patients whose diagnosis changed from CTS to non-CTS after EDX and used univariate and multivariate analysis to determine if age, sex, hand dominance, unilateral symptoms, history of diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, haemodialysis, cerebral lesion, cervical lesion, mental disorder, initial diagnosis by a non-hand surgeon, the number of examined items in CTS-6 and a CTS-negative EDX result were associated with a change in diagnosis after EDX. Results: A total of 479 hands with a clinical diagnosis of CTS underwent EDX. The diagnosis was changed to non-CTS in 61 hands (13%) after EDX. Univariate analysis demonstrated that unilateral symptoms, cervical lesion, mental disorder, initial diagnosis by a non-hand surgeon, the number of examined items and a CTS-negative EDX result were significantly associated with a change in diagnosis. In the multivariate analysis, only the number of examined items was significantly associated with a change in diagnosis. Conclusions: EDX results were particularly valued in hands where the initial diagnosis was uncertain for CTS. In hands with an initial diagnosis of CTS, the performance of sufficient history-taking and physical examination was more valued at the final diagnosis than EDX results or other aspects of the patient’s background. The process of confirming a clear initial clinical diagnosis of CTS using EDX may be of little value for decision-making at the final diagnosis. Level of Evidence: Level III (Therapeutic)
Patient-Specific Targeting of the T-Cell Receptor Variable Region as a Therapeutic Strategy in Clonal T-Cell Diseases
Authors: Lucero Olivia M. , Lee Ji-Ann , Bowman Jenna , Johnson Kara , Sapparapu Gopal , Thomas John K. , Fan Guang , Chang Bill H. , Thiel-Klare Karina , Eide Christopher A. , Okada Craig , Palazzolo Mike , Lind Evan , Kosaka Yoko , Druker Brian J. , Lydon Nicholas , Bowers Peter M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
Targeted therapeutics are a goal of medicine. Methods for targeting T-cell lymphoma lack specificity for the malignant cell, leading to elimination of healthy cells. The T-cell receptor (TCR) is designed for antigen recognition. T-cell malignancies expand from a single clone that expresses one of 48 TCR variable beta (Vβ) genes, providing a distinct therapeutic target. We hypothesized that a mAb that is exclusive to a specific Vβ would eliminate the malignant clone while having minimal effects on healthy T cells.

Experimental Design:
We identified a patient with large granular T-cell leukemia and sequenced his circulating T-cell population, 95% of which expressed Vβ13.3. We developed a panel of anti-Vβ13.3 antibodies to test for binding and elimination of the malignant T-cell clone.

Results:
Therapeutic antibody candidates bound the malignant clone with high affinity. Antibodies killed engineered cell lines expressing the patient TCR Vβ13.3 by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and TCR-mediated activation-induced cell death, and exhibited specific killing of patient malignant T cells in combination with exogenous natural killer cells. EL4 cells expressing the patient's TCR Vβ13.3 were also killed by antibody administration in an in vivo murine model.

Conclusions:
This approach serves as an outline for development of therapeutics that can treat clonal T-cell–based malignancies and potentially other T-cell–mediated diseases.
See related commentary by Varma and Diefenbach, p. 4024