bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2D Metal–Organic Frameworks as Competent Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting
Authors: Wang Chao‐Peng , Lin Yu‐Xuan , Cui Lei , Zhu Jian , Bu Xian‐He 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHydrogen, a clean and flexible energy carrier, can be efficiently produced by electrocatalytic water splitting. To accelerate the sluggish hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction kinetics in the splitting process, highly active electrocatalysts are essential for lowering the energy barriers, thereby improving the efficiency of overall water splitting. Combining the distinctive advantages of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with the physicochemical properties of 2D materials such as large surface area, tunable structure, accessible active sites, and enhanced conductivity, 2D MOFs have attracted intensive attention in the field of electrocatalysis. Different strategies, such as improving the conductivities of MOFs, reducing the thicknesses of MOF nanosheets, and integrating MOFs with conductive particles or substrates, are developed to promote the catalytic performances of pristine MOFs. This review summarizes the recent advances of pristine 2D MOF‐based electrocatalysts for water electrolysis. In particular, their intrinsic electrocatalytic properties are detailly analyzed to reveal important roles of inherent MOF active centers, or other in situ generated active phases from MOFs responsible for the catalytic reactions. Finally, the challenges and development prospects of pristine 2D MOFs for the future applications in overall water splitting are discussed.
Regulating Reversible Oxygen Electrocatalysis by Built‐in Electric Field of Heterojunction Electrocatalyst with Modified d‐Band
Authors: He Chaohui , Liu Qingqing , Wang Hongming , Xia Chenfeng , Li Fu‐Min , Guo Wei , Xia Bao Yu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDeveloping bifunctional catalysts for oxygen electrochemical reactions is essential for high‐performance electrochemical energy devices. Here, a Mott–Schottky heterojunction composed of porous cobalt–nitrogen–carbon (Co‐N‐C) polyhedra containing abundant metal‐phosphides for reversible oxygen electrocatalysis is reported. As a demonstration, this catalyst shows excellent activity in the oxygen electrocatalysis and thus delivers outstanding performance in rechargeable zinc‐air batteries (ZABs). The built‐in electric field in the Mott–Schottky heterojunction can promote electron transfer in oxygen electrocatalysis. More importantly, an appropriate d‐band center of the heterojunction catalyst also endows oxygen intermediates with a balanced adsorption/desorption capability, thus enhancing oxygen electrocatalysis and consequently improving the performance of ZABs. The work demonstrates an important design principle for preparing efficient multifunctional catalysts in energy conversion technologies.
Nano Delivery of Chemotherapeutic ICD Inducers for Tumor Immunotherapy
Authors: Guo Jianfeng , Zou Yifang , Huang Leaf 
Published: January 2023

AbstractImmunogenic cell death (ICD, also known as immunogenic apoptosis) of malignant cells is confirmed to activate the host immune system to prevent, control, and eliminate tumors. Recently, a range of chemotherapeutic drugs have been repurposed as ICD inducers and applied for tumor immunotherapy. However, several hurdles to the widespread application of chemotherapeutic ICD inducers remain, namely poor water solubility, short blood circulation, non‐specific tissue distribution, and severe toxicity. Recent advances in nanotechnology and pharmaceutical formulation foster the development of nano drug delivery systems to tackle the aforementioned hurdles and expedite safe, effective, and specific delivery. This review will describe delivery barriers to chemical ICD inducers and highlight recent nanoformulations for these drugs in tumor immunotherapy.
Photochemically Etching BiVO4 to Construct Asymmetric Heterojunction of BiVO4/BiOx Showing Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Chen Xiangtao , Zhen Chao , Li Na , Jia Nan , Xu Xiaoxiang , Wang Lianzhou , Liu Gang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBiVO4 as a promising semiconductor candidate of the photoanode for solar driven water oxidation always suffers from poor charge carrier transport property and photo‐induced self‐corrosion. Herein, by intentionally taking advantage of the photo‐induced self‐corrosion process, a controllable photochemical etching method is developed to rationally construct a photoanode of BiVO4/BiOx asymmetric heterojunction from faceted BiVO4 crystal arrays. Compared with the BiVO4 photoanode, the resulting BiVO4/BiOx photoanode gains over three times enhancement in short‐circuit photocurrent density (≈3.2 mA cm−2) and ≈75 mV negative shift of photocurrent onset potential. This is due to the formation of the strong interacted homologous heterojunction, which promotes photo‐carrier separation and enlarges photovoltage across the interface. Remarkably, the photocurrent density can remain at ≈2.0 mA cm−2 even after 12 h consecutive operation, while only ≈0.1 mA cm−2 is left for the control photoanode of BiVO4. Moreover, the Faraday efficiency for water splitting is determined to be nearly 100% for the BiVO4/BiOx photoanode. The controllable photochemical etching process may shed light on the construction of homologous heterojunction on other photoelectrode materials that have similar properties to BiVO4.
Spatial and temporal variation in exploitation rates of the Louisiana blue crab spawning stock
Authors: Olmi-Graham Helen D. , Darnell M. Zachary 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective
Blue crabs Callinectes sapidus support one of our nation's most valuable fisheries, and Louisiana has led national landings from 2012 to 2021. Fishery-independent estimates of abundance have declined in recent years; in 2015, the Louisiana spawning stock biomass reached the lowest point ever recorded. Management efforts for the blue crab spawning stock have been hindered by incomplete knowledge of the dynamics of natural and fishing mortality. The purpose of this study was to examine spatiotemporal variation in exploitation rates of the Louisiana blue crab spawning stock.

Methods
From 2016 to 2017, we conducted a mark–recapture study in three Louisiana estuaries. During this period, we tagged 6133 mature female blue crabs, of which 964 were recaptured. Exploitation rate estimates were calculated using recapture data. In 2018, Louisiana implemented a 2-month female harvest prohibition; to examine impacts of this harvest prohibition on exploitation rates of female blue crabs, we tagged additional females before, during, and after the harvest prohibition.

Result
Overall exploitation rate estimates for 2016–2017 ranged from 0.27 to 0.30 (i.e., 27–30%), but significant spatial and temporal variation was observed. During 2018, estimated exploitation rate without the harvest prohibition was 0.16–0.18, but with the prohibition, exploitation rate decreased to 0.08–0.09, indicating that this management action was effective in reducing mortality of mature females.

Conclusion
Nearly one-third of mature female blue crabs in southeastern Louisiana are captured in the fishery at some point during their life. The 2018 female harvest prohibition reduced exploitation rate of mature females by ~50%. These spatiotemporal estimates of exploitation rate will be directly applicable to future Louisiana blue crab management plans and stock assessments.
Commercialization of Ionic Liquids in Pursuit of Green Chemistry: Must we Each Become an Entrepreneur?
Authors: Shamshina Julia L. , Rogers Robin D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThere will be common challenges to scaling‐up any ionic liquids separations technologies which require very large volumes of ionic liquid. Some of these challenges are illustrated in this personal account which chronicles the extraction of chitin from shrimp shell from discovery to current commercialization efforts. The road being taken from discovery in an academic laboratory, through attempts to navigate the scaling‐up to commercial scale using the vehicle of a faculty startup company is rewarding, but fraught with roadblocks, detours, and unexpected challenges. The differences in ‘technically feasible’ and ‘commercially viable’ are not always evident from the beginning of the journey, however, one wonders what achievements we miss as a Society because it was assumed to not be commercially viable.
Ring‐Opening Fluorination of Carbo/Heterocycles and Aromatics: Construction of Complex and Diverse Fluorine‐Containing Molecules
Authors: Komatsuda Masaaki , Yamaguchi Junichiro 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFluorine‐containing molecules have attracted much attention in medicinal, agrochemical, and materials sciences because they offer unique physical and biological properties. Therefore, many efficient fluorination reactions have been developed over the years. Recent advancements in fluorination chemistry have expanded the range of substrates, and regioselectivity/stereoselectivity control has also been achieved. Ring‐opening fluorination is an efficient method to construct complex fluorine‐containing molecules with diversity, starting from simple cyclic compounds. This review aims to summarize developments in ring‐opening fluorination, particularly with larger‐sized cyclic compounds. Fluorine introduction and bond cleavage of cyclic compounds such as carbocycles, heterocycles, and aromatics provide efficient access to fluorine‐containing compounds that are difficult to be synthesized by conventional methods.
Remote patient monitoring using artificial intelligence: Current state, applications, and challenges
Authors: Shaik Thanveer , Tao Xiaohui , Higgins Niall , Li Lin , Gururajan Raj , Zhou Xujuan , Acharya U. Rajendra 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare is growing rapidly. Remote patient monitoring (RPM) is one of the common healthcare applications that assist doctors to monitor patients with chronic or acute illness at remote locations, elderly people in‐home care, and even hospitalized patients. The reliability of manual patient monitoring systems depends on staff time management which is dependent on their workload. Conventional patient monitoring involves invasive approaches which require skin contact to monitor health status. This study aims to do a comprehensive review of RPM systems including adopted advanced technologies, AI impact on RPM, challenges and trends in AI‐enabled RPM. This review explores the benefits and challenges of patient‐centric RPM architectures enabled with Internet of Things wearable devices and sensors using the cloud, fog, edge, and blockchain technologies. The role of AI in RPM ranges from physical activity classification to chronic disease monitoring and vital signs monitoring in emergency settings. This review results show that AI‐enabled RPM architectures have transformed healthcare monitoring applications because of their ability to detect early deterioration in patients' health, personalize individual patient health parameter monitoring using federated learning, and learn human behavior patterns using techniques such as reinforcement learning. This review discusses the challenges and trends to adopt AI to RPM systems and implementation issues. The future directions of AI in RPM applications are analyzed based on the challenges and trends.This article is categorized under:
Application Areas > Health Care
Technologies > Artificial Intelligence
Technologies > Internet of Things
Contribution of LARES SLR Data to Co-estimated Earth Geopotential Coefficients
Authors: Geisser Linda , Meyer Ulrich , Arnold Daniel , Jäggi Adrian 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) processing at the Astronomical Institute of the University of Bern (AIUB) is currently extended from the geodetic satellites LAGEOS-1/2 and Etalon-1/2 to also include LARES. The orbits are determined in 7-day arcs together with station coordinates, low-degree spherical harmonic (SH) coefficients of the Earth’s gravity field, Earth Rotation Parameters (ERP), geocenter variations and range biases for selected stations. Due to the lower orbital altitude, LARES experiences a more variable environment such that the orbit parametrization has to be adapted. In this paper, we present SLR solutions for 5 years with different orbit parametrizations for LARES, i.e., LARES 7-day arcs are either determined from one set of orbit parameters and stochastic pulses at fixed time-intervals, or by stacking of seven daily arcs with continuity conditions at the day boundaries, so-called long-arcs. Including LARES does slightly improve the ERP and does not degrade the quality of the estimated SH coefficients and station coordinates. Additionally, it allows co-estimating the SH coefficient C
30 and further low-degree SH coefficients.
The Shape of Global Technology Assessment
Authors: Ladikas Miltos , Hahn Julia , Hennen Leonhard , van Est Rinie , Peissl Walter , Lindner Ralf 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter draws tentative conclusions from the findings of the book contributions with regard to possible future ways to organise TA on a global scale. These considerations comprise a discussion of possible organisational shapes that can support the global interchange and sharing of TA capacities, and increase its political relevance and operability on a global level. Beyond such medium- and long-term aspirations, the outlook reflects on more short-term practical steps that could be taken within the globalTA Network to improve interchange of knowledge and expertise, engage in joint projects and mutually foster analytical and methodological capacities.
Technology Assessment and Public Spheres in the Context of Globalization: A Blueprint for the Future
Authors: van Est Rinie , Hennen Leonhard 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe expression and discussion of ideas regarding common concerns and collective social interests create and happen in public spheres. This chapter reflects on the relationship between public spheres and technology assessment (TA) in the context of globalization. In doing so, we follow the all-affected principle, which implies that TA should take into account all kinds of people that are affected worldwide by science, technology, and innovation (STI). This chapter first examines the relationship between TA and public spheres that deal with the societal significance of STI from a national context, because both are mainly approached from the point of view of national political decision-making. We then reflect on public spheres in a context of globalization and describe how TA institutes, networks, and activities are organized beyond national borders. Next the link between public spheres and TA in a global context is studied. Finally, a blueprint for the future of global TA is sketched.
Technology Assessment in Developing Countries: The Case of India—Examples of Governmental and Informal TA
Authors: Srinivas Krishna Ravi , van Est Rinie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of the TA landscape in India, as an example of TA in a developing country. We first reflect on the role and relevance of TA for developing countries in general. Next, we focus on India, where most TA-like activities and practices are organized by and for governmental agencies. Five examples of formally institutionalized governmental TA-like activities are given: governmental TA-like capabilities for technological foresight in general, for agricultural, medical and pollution abatement technologies in particular, and finally the only government-organized participatory TA regarding the introduction of a genetically modified eggplant. In addition, three informal TA-like grassroots activities are described: the Silent Valley movement, the System of Rice Intensification, and the Community Seed Banks. We conclude by reflecting on the TA landscape in India and drawing some lessons for the role and conditions for TA in developing countries.
Artificial Intelligence—A New Knowledge and Decision-Making Paradigm?
Authors: Huang Lei , Peissl Walter 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBased on a large scale of technology application scenarios, artificial intelligence (AI) is expected to have disruptive impact on economies and societies. In recent years, breakthroughs have been made in basic research on the fundamental technologies of artificial intelligence. AI is showing greater potential to become a general-purpose technology. Major economies are focusing on policies, regulations, and strategic plans around basic research and R&D of technology application scenarios in AI. However, the optimization of AI policy-making demands more interdisciplinary knowledge and a broader societal debate. In the domain of technology assessment (TA), the research on AI and its potential impacts has been considered important already early. The research questions, which include impacts on the workforce as well as impacts on societal communication and democracy as well as fundamental issues like responsibility, transparency, and ethics, have drawn widespread attention from TA studies. This chapter presents a scholarly discussion of AI topics in the context of TA, based on a qualitative analysis of AI policy databases from the OECD and EPTA. The analysis concludes that enhancing global cooperation in TA will contribute to address fundamental ethical and societal issues of AI, which in turn broadens the knowledge base and helps to pave way for a more inclusive and just use of AI.
Ein Clip zu viel
Authors: Felsner Marlene , Grubmüller Bernhard 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungEin Patient mit Mainz-II-Pouch aufgrund eines muskelinvasiven Harnblasenkarzinoms wurde nach Nachsorgekolonoskopie mit De-novo-Hydronephrose links vorstellig. Ursächlich hierfür war eine Abtragung und Clippung der Neoostien als Polypen bei der Kolonoskopie. In einem Rendez-vous-Verfahren aus antegrader Ureterenoskopie und Kolonoskopie nach Nephrostomieanlage links konnte ein Gallengangstent zur Dilatation in das linke Neostium einlegt werden und der Harnabfluss wieder hergestellt werden, welcher nach Stentabgang permanent nachzuweisen war.
Topology optimization with advanced CNN using mapped physics-based data
Authors: Seo Junhyeon , Kapania Rakesh K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis research proposes a new framework to develop an accurate machine-learning-based surrogate model to predict the optimum topological structures using an advanced encoder–decoder network, Unet, and Unet++. The trained surrogate model predicts the optimum structural layout as output by inputting the results from the initial static analysis without any iterative optimization calculations. Input and output data are generated using the commercial finite element analysis package, Abaqus/Standard, and an optimization package, Abaqus/Tosca. We applied the data augmentation technique to increase the amount of data without actual calculations. Primarily, this research focused on overcoming the weaknesses of previous studies that the trained network is only applicable to limited geometry variations and requires an organized grid rectangular mesh. Therefore, this study suggests a mapping process to convert the analysis data on any type of mesh element to a tensor form, which enables training and employing the network. Also, to increase the prediction accuracy, we trained the network with the labeled optimum material data using a binary segmented output, representing the structure and void regions in the domain. Finally, the trained networks are evaluated using the intersection over union (IoU) scores representing the classification accuracy. The best-performing network provides highly accurate results, and this model provided the IoU scores for average, maximum, and standard deviation as 90.0%, 99.8%, and 7.1%, respectively. Also, we apply it to solve local-global structural optimization problems, and the overall calculation time is reduced by 98%.
Energy consumption assessment in manufacturing Ti6Al4V electron beam melted parts post-processed by machining
Authors: Cozzolino Ersilia , Franchitti Stefania , Borrelli Rosario , Pirozzi Carmine , Astarita Antonello 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The assessment of energy consumed in manufacturing operations and the enhancement of their sustainability plays a fundamental role in the present research contest. Electron beam melting (EBM) is an additive manufacturing technique that allows the fabrication of titanium parts with high productivity and a low buy-to-fly ratio; on the other hand, the roughness of the parts is not adequate for high-performance applications, so a finishing step is always required. Aiming to reduce the energy used to produce a part, all the required manufacturing steps should by carefully treated in an integrated framework. The aim of this paper is to study the energy required to produce a Ti6Al4V part printed through EBM and the machined to achieve the desired surface finishing. Cylindrical specimens have been printed through an Arcam machine by using the processing conditions suggested by the manufacturer; then, the specimens have been turned under different processing conditions. The energy required in all the phases has been recorded and then carefully analyzed to point out the processing conditions which allows a more efficient use of resources. The results showed that the printing phase is by far the most energy demanding so should be carefully treated to reduce the printing time even if a greater roughness is achieved; the analysis of the machining stage suggested that both depth of cut and spindle speed must be kept the higher as possible to reduce the energy consumption of this stage.
Long-term in vitro recording of cardiac action potentials on microelectrode arrays for chronic cardiotoxicity assessment
Authors: Iachetta Giuseppina , Melle Giovanni , Colistra Nicolò , Tantussi Francesco , De Angelis Francesco , Dipalo Michele 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe reliable identification of chronic cardiotoxic effects in in vitro screenings is fundamental for filtering out toxic molecular entities before in vivo animal experimentation and clinical trials. Present techniques such as patch-clamp, voltage indicators, and standard microelectrode arrays do not offer at the same time high sensitivity for measuring transmembrane ion currents and low-invasiveness for monitoring cells over long time. Here, we show that optoporation applied to microelectrode arrays enables measuring action potentials from human-derived cardiac syncytia for more than 1 continuous month and provides reliable data on chronic cardiotoxic effects caused by known compounds such as pentamidine. The technique has high potential for detecting chronic cardiotoxicity in the early phases of drug development.