bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Long-Term Outcomes of Mental Health First Aid Training for University Students
Authors: Lancaster Chloe , Sperandei Sandro , Saheb Rowena , Reis Arianne 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to address current gaps in the literature on the impacts of Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training by comparing long-term outcomes on different cohorts. University students studying health and non-health degrees, university staff and community members who had completed MHFA within the past three years completed a survey to assess their mental health literacy, and their use of knowledge and skills acquired through the training. The study found few significant differences between the different group outcomes and between different time points post-completion of MHFA. This study found that although participant-reported measures show positive outcomes from MHFA, further research on the common tools used to rate mental health literacy and how mental health literacy impacts behaviours and help-seeking would provide greater insight into the outcomes of running MHFA as a mental health prevention and early intervention program at universities.
Derivation of heterogeneous material distributions and their sensitivity to HM-coupled two-phase flow models exemplified with the LASGIT experiment
Authors: Radeisen Eike , Shao Hua , Pitz Michael , Hesser Jürgen , Wang Wenqing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAdvective gas transport in bentonite, a possible buffer material in repositories for radioactive materials, is difficult to simulate in numerical continuum models, partly due to the complicated microstructure of bentonite. To generate reliable models of repositories nevertheless, spatially distributed heterogeneous material properties can be used to allow localization of gas flow. In this study, a pore-size-dependent stochastic approach of the gas entry pressure is derived from Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry, which is used to replicate measurements from the LASGIT experiment. In addition, three benchmark tests are simulated to investigate the dependence of heterogeneous distributions of material properties on the mesh discretization, the temporal dependence, and the coupling between the processes influenced by the heterogeneous parameters. The numerical modeling results of the LASGIT experiment show that the onset of gas flow into the system and the subsequent increase in pressure and stress can be well reproduced using heterogeneous distributions. Compared to a model with homogeneous material properties, heterogeneous distributions may allow the generation of dilatancy-controlled microfractures—an important feature with regard to the advective gas flow in bentonites. However, it can be observed that the heterogeneous distributions in LASGIT are less significant, as technical gaps or differences in material types could have a greater impact.
MUC13 promotes the development of esophageal cancer by upregulating the expression of o-glycan process-related molecules
Authors: Han Yi , Chen Gang , Liu Shiyu , Zhou Guangqing , Xu Xinxin , Zhang Haihan , Li Zhentao , Wu Chuannan , Liu Yulan , Fang Kai , Chen Guangxia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Esophageal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, which is characterized by poor prognosis, aggressiveness, and poor survival. Mucin 13 (MUC13) is a member of the membrane-bound mucin and located on chromosome 3q21.2 and consists of α and β subunits. It has been found that MUC13 is overexpressed in a variety of tumor cells and acts a vital role in the invasiveness and malignant progression of several types of tumors. However, the role and regulatory mechanism of MUC13 in the progression of esophageal cancer remain unclear.

Methods
The expression level of MUC13 was detected in 15 esophageal cancer tissues and 15 pairs of adjacent nontumor tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC). In addition, the expression of MUC13 mRNA level in human esophageal cancer cell lines (EC9706 and ECA109 and TE-1) was measured by qRT-PCR. In vitro, after silencing MUC13 with lentiviral interference technology, CCK8 assay, clone formation assay, and flow cytometry were applied to investigate the proliferation activity, clone formation ability and anti-apoptosis ability of EC9706 and ECA109 cells. The tumor xenograft growth assay was used to confirm the influence of MUC13 knockdown on the growth of esophageal tumors in vivo. The qRT-PCR assay and western blot experiments were taken to study the mechanism of MUC13 regulating the proproliferation and antiapoptotic of esophageal cancer.

Results
The results showed that MUC13 was overexpressed in esophageal cancer tissues and cell lines (EC9706 and ECA109 and TE-1), especially in EC9706 and ECA109 cells, but low expressed in human esophageal epithelial cell line (HEEC). Next, silencing MUC13 inhibits proliferation, blocks cell cycle progression, and promotes cell apoptosis in vitro, and restrains the growth of esophageal cancer tissues in vivo. Finally, MUC13 affects the proproliferation and antiapoptotic by regulating the expression of GLANT14, MUC3A, MUC1, MUC12, and MUC4 that closely related to O-glycan process.

Conclusions
This study proved that MUC13 is an important molecule that regulates the O-glycan process and then affects the progress of esophageal cancer. MUC13 may be a novel therapeutic target for patients with esophageal cancer.
Recurrence of bacteremia and infective endocarditis according to bacterial species of index endocarditis episode
Authors: Østergaard Lauge , Voldstedlund Marianne , Bruun Niels Eske , Bundgaard Henning , Iversen Kasper , Pries-Heje Mia Marie , Hadji-Turdeghal Katra , Graversen Peter L. , Moser Claus , Andersen Christian Østergaard , Søgaard Kirstine Kobberøe , Køber Lars , Fosbøl Emil Loldrup 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
In patients surviving infective endocarditis (IE) recurrence of bacteremia or IE is feared. However, knowledge is sparse on the incidence and risk factors for the recurrence of bacteremia or IE.

Methods
Using Danish nationwide registries (2010–2020), we identified patients with first-time IE which were categorized by bacterial species (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., coagulase-negative staphylococci [CoNS], ‘Other’ microbiological etiology). Recurrence of bacteremia (including IE episodes) or IE with the same bacterial species was estimated at 12 months and 5 years, considering death as a competing risk. Cox regression models were used to compute adjusted hazard ratios of the recurrence of bacteremia or IE.

Results
We identified 4086 patients with IE; 1374 (33.6%) with S. aureus, 813 (19.9%) with Enterococcus spp., 1366 (33.4%) with Streptococcus spp., 284 (7.0%) with CoNS, and 249 (6.1%) with ‘Other’. The overall 12-month incidence of recurrent bacteremia with the same bacterial species was 4.8% and 2.6% with an accompanying IE diagnosis, while this was 7.7% and 4.0%, respectively, with 5 years of follow-up. S. aureus, Enterococcus spp., CoNS, chronic renal failure, and liver disease were associated with an increased rate of recurrent bacteremia or IE with the same bacterial species.

Conclusion
Recurrent bacteremia with the same bacterial species within 12 months, occurred in almost 5% and 2.6% for recurrent IE. S. aureus, Enterococcus spp., and CoNS were associated with recurrent infections with the same bacterial species.
Form and Function: Learning Anatomy Using Ultrasound
Authors: Correia Janine C. , Meyer Ilse , McNamee Lakshini 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUltrasound (US) is increasingly used across medical specialities as a diagnostic tool and medical faculties are therefore further incorporating imaging into their programmes. Using US within undergraduate instruction has several benefits. US, as a learning instrument, may strengthen existing anatomical knowledge and improve visual understanding of anatomy. The cost-effectiveness, as well as portability of the US, makes it a valuable means to add to traditional anatomy teaching modalities. Furthermore, students have an opportunity to develop skills in interpreting US images and this may add a different element to the learning of anatomy. This study aimed to explore undergraduate clinical anatomy students’ perceptions of the use of US as an add-on to cadaveric dissection. Students were invited to participate in virtual focus group discussions. Three virtual focus group discussions were conducted, and 11 participants volunteered to take part. Thematic analysis of the data generated six themes. These are described as the study of living anatomy, learning cross-sectional anatomy, enhanced relevance of anatomy learning, increased interest in anatomy, instructional design, and the affective and technical experience of using US. The results suggest that it is feasible and advantageous to implement US sessions as an add-on to the teaching of anatomy during practical dissection sessions of clinical anatomy students. The use of innovative technologies such as US enhances the interest of students and allows them to develop dexterity and competencies in their learning process.
Simulation for Teaching on Racial Microaggressions and Bystander Intervention — A Theory-Based Guide for Health Profession Education
Authors: Dada T. , Laughey W. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMicroaggressions are words or behaviour that “subtly and unconsciously express a prejudiced attitude”, and racial microaggressions express these attitudes towards people from racial minority groups. The “Bystander Effect” is when the presence of other people means that an individual is less likely to offer assistance or get involved in a situation — bystander intervention training aims to inform about the best ways to avoid this, equipping students with the necessary strategies. In health profession education, teaching on microaggressions and bystander intervention can be done with the use of simulation. Simulated patients (SPs) and environments would be the most appropriate modality of simulation to use, as roleplay would be central. This guide focuses on how to use simulation for teaching on racial microaggressions and bystander training for healthcare students including tips on preparing the students and SPs, planning for the implementation of the simulation training, setting ground rules, showing different scenarios, checking student understanding throughout, using debriefs and course evaluation feedback, and signposting students to available support afterwards. These are topics which are particularly relevant because there have been calls in recent years for healthcare education to be more inclusive and representative of current issues, as the COVID-19 pandemic and resurgence of the Black Lives Matter movement have highlighted curriculum gaps. So teaching students about this early is a good start, and simulation is an effective teaching method to help with this.
Ligand Engineering in Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Peizhou , Cao Xiangrong , Li Jingrui , Jiao Bo , Hou Xun , Hao Feng , Ning Zhijun , Bian Zuqiang , Xi Jun , Ding Liming , Wu Zhaoxin , Dong Hua 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted aggressive attention in the photovoltaic field in light of the rapid increasing power conversion efficiency. However, their large-scale application and commercialization are limited by the toxicity issue of lead (Pb). Among all the lead-free perovskites, tin (Sn)-based perovskites have shown potential due to their low toxicity, ideal bandgap structure, high carrier mobility, and long hot carrier lifetime. Great progress of Sn-based PSCs has been realized in recent years, and the certified efficiency has now reached over 14%. Nevertheless, this record still falls far behind the theoretical calculations. This is likely due to the uncontrolled nucleation states and pronounced Sn (IV) vacancies. With insights into the methodologies resolving both issues, ligand engineering-assisted perovskite film fabrication dictates the state-of-the-art Sn-based PSCs. Herein, we summarize the role of ligand engineering during each state of film fabrication, ranging from the starting precursors to the ending fabricated bulks. The incorporation of ligands to suppress Sn2+ oxidation, passivate bulk defects, optimize crystal orientation, and improve stability is discussed, respectively. Finally, the remained challenges and perspectives toward advancing the performance of Sn-based PSCs are presented. We expect this review can draw a clear roadmap to facilitate Sn-based PSCs via ligand engineering.
Grenzfiguren in Tiergedichten
Authors: Tokas Dafni 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungIn Das Tier, das ich also bin (2006) beschreibt Jacques Derrida, dass die Idee des Menschen sich auf der Grundlage von Grenzen konstruiert, die Menschen selbst entwerfen und nähren. Derrida versteht Limitrophie als Pluralisierung solcher Grenzen sowie der darin enthaltenen Lebewesen. Der vorliegende Beitrag arbeitet in mehreren Fallstudien heraus, wie sich Limitrophie in diesem Sinne in der zeitgenössischen deutschsprachigen Lyrik äußert. Dabei wird nachgewiesen, dass die Texttiere sich Vereindeutigungen entziehen, indem sie – durch ihr Handeln oder ihr Wahrgenommenwerden im Gedicht – physische, politische, symbolische oder ideologische Dichotomien verkomplizieren und infrage stellen. Demarkationslinien zwischen Menschen und Nichtmenschen werden damit zwar nicht aufgehoben, aber in ihrer Absolutheit verunsichert.
A CSR-based visible and infrared image fusion method in low illumination conditions for sense and avoid
Authors: Ma N. , Cao Y. , Zhang Z. , Fan Y. , Ding M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMachine vision has been extensively researched in the field of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) recently. However, the ability of Sense and Avoid (SAA) largely limited by environmental visibility, which brings hazards to flight safety in low illumination or nighttime conditions. In order to solve this critical problem, an approach of image enhancement is proposed in this paper to improve image qualities in low illumination conditions. Considering the complementarity of visible and infrared images, a visible and infrared image fusion method based on convolutional sparse representation (CSR) is a promising solution to improve the SAA ability of UAVs. Firstly, the source image is decomposed into a texture layer and structure layer since infrared images are good at characterising structural information, and visible images have richer texture information. Both the structure and the texture layers are transformed into the sparse convolutional domain through the CSR mechanism, and then CSR coefficient mapping are fused via activity level assessment. Finally, the image is synthesised through the reconstruction results of the fusion texture and structure layers. In the experimental simulation section, a series of visible and infrared registered images including aerial targets are adopted to evaluate the proposed algorithm. Experimental results demonstrates that the proposed method increases image qualities in low illumination conditions effectively and can enhance the object details, which has better performance than traditional methods.
Economic globalization and the fracturing of business interest representation in the European Union
Authors: Hanegraaff Marcel , Poletti Arlo , Aizenberg Ellis 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIndividual firms have become the dominant lobby actors in the European Union, while associational business interest representation has declined. This is alarming because individual firms tend to overlook the long-term interests of society by focusing on what is important in the short term for their own survival. How can we explain this trend? This article argues that globalization is a key driver of firm-level lobbying and that it fractures business interest representation. The study employs an original dataset of almost 14,000 lobby contacts between senior staff of the European Commission, business interests, and NGOs. It finds support for the argument that globalization spurs individual firm lobbying in the European Union. This complicates the already challenging task of business associations aggregating and channeling the interests of their members.
Bohr sets in sumsets II: countable abelian groups
Authors: Griesmer John T. , Le Anh N. , Lê Thái Hoàng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We prove three results concerning the existence of Bohr sets in threefold sumsets. More precisely, letting G be a countable discrete abelian group and

$\phi _1, \phi _2, \phi _3: G \to G$

be commuting endomorphisms whose images have finite indices, we show that

(1)
If

$A \subset G$

has positive upper Banach density and

$\phi _1 + \phi _2 + \phi _3 = 0$

, then

$\phi _1(A) + \phi _2(A) + \phi _3(A)$

contains a Bohr set. This generalizes a theorem of Bergelson and Ruzsa in

$\mathbb {Z}$

and a recent result of the first author.

(2)
For any partition

$G = \bigcup _{i=1}^r A_i$

, there exists an

$i \in \{1, \ldots , r\}$

such that

$\phi _1(A_i) + \phi _2(A_i) - \phi _2(A_i)$

contains a Bohr set. This generalizes a result of the second and third authors from

$\mathbb {Z}$

to countable abelian groups.

(3)
If

$B, C \subset G$

have positive upper Banach density and

$G = \bigcup _{i=1}^r A_i$

is a partition,

$B + C + A_i$

contains a Bohr set for some

$i \in \{1, \ldots , r\}$

. This is a strengthening of a theorem of Bergelson, Furstenberg and Weiss.

All results are quantitative in the sense that the radius and rank of the Bohr set obtained depends only on the indices

$[G:\phi _j(G)]$

, the upper Banach density of A (in (1)), or the number of sets in the given partition (in (2) and (3)).
How Authoritarianism Transforms: A Framework for the Study of Digital Dictatorship
Authors: Schlumberger Oliver , Edel Mirjam , Maati Ahmed , Saglam Koray 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWhile digital technologies have induced profound global transformations, political scientists often lack the analytical tools to grasp their effects on politics. In particular, digitization's impact on dictatorships remains not only empirically understudied, but seriously under-conceptualized. How do new technological possibilities affect autocratic politics? This contribution starts from the inner logic of authoritarianism rather than from technical innovation. It first maps the ways in which autocrats employ various digital technologies to maintain power. This helps us identify seven core areas where dictatorial politics are transformed by the use of new tools. We delineate the key characteristics of these areas of change and conclude that, in their sum, technologically induced transformations significantly alter the nature of dictatorship if and when it is digitized.
Mind the gap: limited knowledge of carbohydrate guidelines for competition in an international cohort of endurance athletes
Authors: Sampson Gemma , Morton James P. , Areta Jose L. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Despite the well-documented role of carbohydrate (CHO) in promoting endurance exercise performance, endurance athletes typically fail to meet current recommendations in competition. Adequate nutrition knowledge is key to drive athletes’ behaviour, but the current level of knowledge in this population is not known. The present study assessed knowledge of CHO for competition in an international cohort of endurance athletes using the Carbohydrates for Endurance Athletes in Competition Questionnaire (CEAC-Q). The CEAC-Q was completed by 1016 individuals (45 % female), from the United Kingdom (40 %), Australia/New Zealand (22 %), the United States of America/Canada (18 %) and other countries (21 %). Total CEAC-Q scores were 50 ± 20 % (mean ± sd), with no differences in scores between the five subsections (10 ± 5 points, P < 0⋅001). Based on typical knowledge and frequency of correct answers, we defined questions with low (0–39 %), moderate (40–69 %) and high (70–100 %) knowledge at a population level. Knowledge deficiencies were identified in questions related to CHO metabolism (Low: 2 out of 5 questions (2/5), Moderate: 3/5), CHO-loading (Low: 2/5, Moderate: 1/5), pre-event CHO (Low: 2/5, Moderate: 2/5), CHO during exercise (Moderate: 4/5) and CHO for recovery (Low: 3/5, Moderate: 1/5). Current CHO amounts recommendations were identified correctly for CHO-loading, pre-competition meal, during competition >2⋅5 h) and post-competition recovery by 28% (Low), 45 % (Moderate), 48 % (Moderate), and 29 % (Low), respectively. Our findings indicate that endurance athletes typically have limited knowledge of carbohydrate guidelines for competition, and we identify specific knowledge gaps that can guide targeted nutrition education to improve knowledge as an initial step towards optimal dietary practice.
Climate variability in the northern Levant from the highly resolved Qadisha record (Lebanon) during the Holocene optimum
Authors: Nehme Carole , Verheyden Sophie , Kluge Tobias , Nader Fadi H. , Edwards R. Lawrence , Cheng Hai , Eiche Elisabeth , Claeys Philippe 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNew stalagmites from Qadisha Cave (Lebanon) located at 1720 m above sea level provide a high-resolution and well-dated record for northern Mount Lebanon. The stalagmites grew discontinuously from 9.2 to 5.7 and at 3.5 ka, and they show a tendency to move from a more negative oxygen isotope signal at ~9.1 ka to a more positive signal at ~5.8 ka. Such a trend reflects a change from a wetter to a drier climate at high altitudes. The δ13C signal shows rapid shifts throughout the record and a decreasing trend toward more negative values in the mid-Holocene, suggesting enhanced soil activity. In the short-term trend, Qadisha stalagmites record rapid dry/wet changes on centennial scales, with a tendency to more rapid dry events toward the mid-Holocene. Such changes are characterized by overall good agreement between both geochemical proxies and stalagmite growth and might be affected by the seasonal variations in snow cover. The Qadisha record is in good agreement with other Levantine records, showing more humid conditions from 9 to 7 ka. After 7 ka, a drier climate seems to affect sites at both low- and high-altitude areas. The Qadisha record reflects uniquely mountainous climate characteristics compared with other records, specifically the effect of snow cover and its duration regulating the effective infiltration.
Within- and between-host dynamics of producer and non-producer pathogens
Authors: Pike Victoria L. , Stevens Emily J. , Griffin Ashleigh S. , King Kayla C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFor infections to be maintained in a population, pathogens must compete to colonize hosts and transmit between them. We use an experimental approach to investigate within-and-between host dynamics using the pathogenPseudomonas aeruginosaand the animal hostCaenorhabditis elegans.Within-host interactions can involve the production of goods that are beneficial to all pathogens in the local environment but susceptible to exploitation by non-producers. We exposed the nematode host to ‘producer’ and two ‘non-producer’ bacterial strains (specifically for siderophore production and quorum sensing), in single infections and coinfections, to investigate within-host colonization. Subsequently, we introduced infected nematodes to pathogen-naive populations to allow natural transmission between hosts. We find that producer pathogens are consistently better at colonizing hosts and transmitting between them than non-producers during coinfection and single infection. Non-producers were poor at colonizing hosts and between-host transmission, even when coinfecting with producers. Understanding pathogen dynamics across these multiple levels will ultimately help us predict and control the spread of infections, as well as contribute to explanations for the persistence of cooperative genotypes in natural populations.