bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resuming Anticoagulants in Patients With Intracranial Hemorrhage: A Meta-Analysis and Literature Review
Authors: El Naamani Kareem , Abbas Rawad , Ghanem Marc , Mounzer Marc , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula I. , Gooch M. Reid , Rosenwasser Robert H. , Jabbour Pascal M. 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the most disabling cerebrovascular events. Several studies have discussed oral anticoagulant (OAC)–related ICH; however, the optimal timing of resuming OAC in patients with ICH is still a dilemma. In this literature review/meta-analysis, we will summarize, discuss, and provide the results of studies pertaining to OAC resumption in patients with ICH.

METHODS:
Using PubMed, Ovid Medline, and Web science, a systemic literature review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement on December 20, 2022. Inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis were all studies reporting mean, median, and standard deviation for the duration of anticoagulants resumption after ICH. Thirteen studies met the above criteria and were included in the meta-analysis.

RESULTS:
Of the 271 articles found in the literature, pooled analysis was performed in 13 studies that included timing of OAC resumption after ICH. The pooled mean duration to OAC resumption after the index ICH was 31 days (95% CI: 13.7-48.3). There was significant variation among the mean duration to OAC resumption reported by the studies as observed in the heterogeneity test (P-value ≈0).

CONCLUSION:
Based on our meta-analysis, the average time of resuming OAC in patients with ICH is around 30 days. Several factors including the type of intracranial hemorrhage, the type of OAC, and the indication for OACs should be taken into consideration for future studies to try and identify the best time to resume OAC in patients with ICH.
Understanding the neurological implications of acute and long COVID using brain organoids
Authors: García-González Laura , Martí-Sarrias Andrea , Puertas Maria C. , Bayón-Gil Ángel , Resa-Infante Patricia , Martinez-Picado Javier , Navarro Arcadi , Acosta Sandra 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
As early as in the acute phase of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the research community voiced concerns about the long-term implications of infection. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), like many other viruses, can trigger chronic disorders that last months or even years. Long COVID, the chronic and persistent disorder lasting more than 12 weeks after the primary infection with SARS-CoV-2, involves a variable number of neurological manifestations, ranging from mild to severe and even fatal. In vitro and in vivo modeling suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection drives changes within neurons, glia and the brain vasculature. In this Review, we summarize the current understanding of the neuropathology of acute and long COVID, with particular emphasis on the knowledge derived from brain organoid models. We highlight the advantages and main limitations of brain organoids, leveraging their human-derived origin, their similarity in cellular and tissue architecture to human tissues, and their potential to decipher the pathophysiology of long COVID.
Dehydrated snakes reduce postprandial thermophily
Authors: Azzolini Jill L. , Roderick Travis B. , DeNardo Dale F. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Transient thermophily in ectothermic animals is a common response during substantial physiological events. For example, ectotherms often elevate body temperature after ingesting a meal. In particular, the increase in metabolism during the postprandial response of pythons – known as specific dynamic action – is supported by a concurrent increase in preferred temperature. The objective of this study was to determine whether hydration state influences digestion-related behavioral thermophily. Sixteen (8 male and 8 female) Children's pythons (Antaresia childreni) with surgically implanted temperature data loggers were housed individually and provided with a thermal gradient of 25–45°C. Body temperature was recorded hourly beginning 6 days prior to feeding and for 18 days post-feeding, thus covering pre-feeding, postprandial and post-absorptive stages. Each snake underwent this 24 day trial twice, once when hydrated and once when dehydrated. Our results revealed a significant interaction between temperature preference, digestive stage and hydration state. Under both hydrated and dehydrated conditions, snakes similarly increased their body temperature shortly after consuming a meal, but during the later days of the postprandial stage, snakes selected significantly lower (∼1.5°C) body temperature when they were dehydrated compared with when they were hydrated. Our results demonstrate a significant effect of hydration state on postprandial thermophily, but the impact of this dehydration-induced temperature reduction on digestive physiology (e.g. passage time, energy assimilation) is unknown and warrants further study.
A scoping and web-based review of current practices and lessons learnt in development and sustainability of global health emergency medicine fellowships
Authors: Khan Haniya , McKnight Alex , Gamble Kathleen , Puchalski Ritchie Lisa M 
Published: July 2023

Background: Despite a high perceived interest in advanced global health training among Canadian emergency medicine trainees, only one global health emergency medicine (GHEM) fellowship existed in Canada at the time of this review. We conducted a scoping and web-based review to summarize the components of, and lessons learnt through development and implementation of global health emergency medicine fellowship programs to date, to inform program development. Methods: We conducted a scoping and web-based review by systematically searching electronic databases from inception to 2021 for articles and websites (2022) describing global health emergency medicine training programs based in high income countries. Results: From 2957 articles and 62 websites identified, eight articles and 43 websites were included in the review. Fellowships are generally structured as follows: 1–2 years duration curriculum including clinical skills, and course and field work focused on education, research or administration, funded by fellows’ clinical hours. Details on trainees’ experiences, international work, and program outcomes were lacking. Conclusions: This review highlights the need for information on lessons learnt through development and implementation of GHEM fellowship programs, and experiences and outcomes of trainees to date, to inform program improvements to optimize the benefits of GHEM fellowship training. Registration: Open science framework; https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/UAH35 February 19th, 2018.
A Supervised Tensor Dimension Reduction-Based Prognostic Model for Applications with Incomplete Imaging Data
Authors: Zhou Chengyu , Fang Xiaolei 
Published: July 2023

Imaging data-based prognostic models focus on using an asset’s degradation images to predict its time to failure (TTF). Most image-based prognostic models have two common limitations. First, they require degradation images to be complete (i.e., images are observed continuously and regularly over time). Second, they usually employ an unsupervised dimension reduction method to extract low-dimensional features and then use the features for TTF prediction. Because unsupervised dimension reduction is conducted on the degradation images without the involvement of TTFs, there is no guarantee that the extracted features are effective for failure time prediction. To address these challenges, this article develops a supervised tensor dimension reduction-based prognostic model. The model first proposes a supervised dimension reduction method for tensor data. It uses historical TTFs to guide the detection of a tensor subspace to extract low-dimensional features from high-dimensional incomplete degradation imaging data. Next, the extracted features are used to construct a prognostic model based on (log)-location-scale regression. An optimization algorithm for parameter estimation is proposed, and analytical solutions are discussed. Simulated data and a real-world data set are used to validate the performance of the proposed model. History: Bianca Maria Colosimo served as the senior editor for this article Funding: This work was supported by National Science Foundation [2229245]. Data Ethics & Reproducibility Note: The code capsule is available on Code Ocean at https://github.com/czhou9/Code-and-Data-for-IJDS and in the e-Companion to this article (available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijds.2022.x022 ).
Effect of environmental factors in reducing the prevalence of schistosomiasis in schoolchildren: An analysis of three extensive national prevalence surveys in Brazil (1950–2018)
Authors: Santos Mariana Cristina Silva , Oliveira Guilherme Lopes de , Mingoti Sueli Aparecida , Heller Léo 
Published: July 2023

Background
Over seven decades, Brazil has made admirable progress in controlling schistosomiasis, and a frequent question about the explanation for this reduction refers to the effect of improving environmental factors in the country. This article seeks to identify factors related to the change in the epidemiological situation of schistosomiasis mansoni infection by analyzing three national prevalence surveys conducted since 1950.

Methodology/principal findings
This is an ecological study analyzing an unbalanced panel of data based on national surveys and considering the municipality as the unit of analysis. The sample consisted of 1,721 Brazilian municipalities, in which a total of 1,182,339 schoolchildren aged 7–14 were examined during the three periods corresponding to each survey (1947–1953, 1975–1979, and 2010–2015). The percentage of municipalities with zero cases of schistosomiasis was: 45.4%, 54.2% and 73.7%, respectively for those periods. A zero-inflated Poisson regression model, with fixed and random effects, was fitted to assess the association between candidate factors and disease prevalence using a significance level of 5%. There was a significant decrease in disease prevalence between the first and last periods analyzed (RR 0.214, CI 0.184–0.249), with a protective association with access to sanitation (RR 0.996, CI 0.994–0.998), urbanization (RR 0.991, CI 0.989–0.993), and living in own households (RR 0.986, CI 0.983–0.989); and an inverse association with piped water supply (RR 1.010, CI 1.008–1.011).

Conclusion
The findings of this study indicate a decrease in the prevalence of schistosomiasis over seven decades in schoolchildren from the analyzed Brazilian municipalities, associated with environmental factors and social conditions. The increased access to piped water in the municipalities apparently triggers other ways of contact with unsafe water bodies, generating new transmission routes and suggesting the need for a systemic approach concerning contact with water.
A long-term observational study of paediatric snakebite in Kilifi County, south-east Kenya
Authors: Abouyannis Michael , Boga Mwanamvua , Amadi David , Ouma Nelson , Nyaguara Amek , Mturi Neema , Berkley James A. , Adetifa Ifedayo M. , Casewell Nicholas R. , Lalloo David G. , Hamaluba Mainga 
Published: July 2023

Introduction
Estimates suggest that one-third of snakebite cases in sub-Saharan Africa affect children. Despite children being at a greater risk of disability and death, there are limited published data. This study has determined the: population-incidence and mortality rate of hospital-attended paediatric snakebite; clinical syndromes of snakebite envenoming; and predictors of severe local tissue damage.

Methods
All children presenting to Kilifi County Hospital, Kenya with snakebite were identified through the Kilifi Health and Demographic Surveillance System (KHDSS). Cases were prospectively registered, admitted for at least 24-hours, and managed on a paediatric high dependency unit (HDU). Households within the KHDSS study area have been included in 4-monthly surveillance and verbal autopsy, enabling calculation of population-incidence and mortality. Predictors of severe local tissue damage were identified using a multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results
Between 2003 and 2021, there were 19,606 admissions to the paediatric HDU, of which 584 were due to snakebite. Amongst young children (≤5-years age) the population-incidence of hospital-attended snakebite was 11.3/100,000 person-years; for children aged 6–12 years this was 29.1/100,000 person-years. Incidence remained consistent over the study period despite the population size increasing (98,967 person-years in 2006; and 153,453 person-years in 2021). Most cases had local envenoming alone, but there were five snakebite associated deaths. Low haemoglobin; raised white blood cell count; low serum sodium; high systolic blood pressure; and an upper limb bite-site were independently associated with the development of severe local tissue damage.

Conclusion
There is a substantial burden of disease due to paediatric snakebite, and the annual number of cases has increased in-line with population growth. The mortality rate was low, which may reflect the species causing snakebite in this region. The identification of independent predictors of severe local tissue damage can help to inform future research to better understand the pathophysiology of this important complication.
Community perception of school-based mass drug administration program for soil-transmitted helminths and Schistosomiasis in Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Akinsolu Folahanmi T. , Abodunrin Olunike R. , Olagunju Mobolaji T. , Adewole Ifeoluwa E. , Rahman Nurudeen O. , Dabar Anita M. , Njuguna Diana W. , Soneye Islamiat Y. , Salako Abideen O. , Ezechi Oliver C. , Varga Orsolya E. , Akinwale Olaoluwa P. 
Published: July 2023

Background
Neglected tropical diseases, such as soil-transmitted helminths and Schistosomiasis, are prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Ogun State, Nigeria. School-based mass drug administration program is the primary control intervention, but the coverage and uptake of this intervention have been inadequate. This study aimed to investigate community perceptions of school-based mass drug administration programs for these infections in Ogun State, Nigeria, and identify the barriers to their uptake and coverage.

Methodology/Principal findings
The study used a qualitative research approach involving focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with community members and stakeholders engaged in neglected tropical disease control programs in Ogun State, Nigeria. A semi-structured questionnaire guided the exploration of ideas, and the data were analyzed using the QRS Nvivo 12 software package. The study found several barriers, such as the influence of parents, lack of sufficient knowledge, and side effects. The study recommended strategies such as improving community sensitization and engagement, drug distribution and performance, and enhancing partner collaboration and coordination to improve the school-based mass drug administration programs.

Conclusions/Significance
The study revealed correct perceptions of transmission but some misconceptions about disease causation, transmission, and drug safety. Participants expressed a desire for better sensitization campaigns and more assurances of their safety. The study recommends strengthening health education messages and increasing the visibility of on-site medical personnel. The findings have implications for improving the performance of these programs and reducing the burden of intestinal parasitic infections in the community. The study highlights the need for community engagement and education, health system support, and partner collaboration to successfully implement mass drug administration programs.
Genotype profiles of high-risk human papillomavirus in women of reproductive age: A community-based study
Authors: Wulandari Dewi , Meidyandra Reiva Wisdharilla , Andrijono  
Published: July 2023

Purpose
This research is a preliminary study to observe the high-risk HPV infection profile among asymptomatic women, as a basis for developing Indonesian-specific reagents and implementing a national vaccination program.

Methods
The research subjects were female employees/families of BUMN (state-owned enterprises) who underwent annual routine medical check-up. The research sample was a cervical swab which was examined using the Cobas® 6800 platform for HPV identification and INNO Lipa (Fujirebio) kit for identification of the genotype.

Results
Out of 858 cervical swab samples collected in this study, 31 samples were excluded as they had invalid results from the initial examination, so the remaining 827 samples continued this study protocol. Of those samples, 69 (8%) samples gave positive results, giving an overall HPV prevalence of 8%. Among HPV-positive samples, HPV 52 was the most common genotype (N = 15, 21.7%) found as both single-infection and multiple infections. The median age of subjects was 38 years. There were nine samples (13%) with multiple infections of two or more genotypes and seven samples (10.1%) with no specific genotype identified.

Conclusion
HPV prevalence was 8%, with HPV 52 being the most common high-risk type, making it a necessity to develop a diagnostic kit and vaccine for national vaccination program that is specific for Indonesian population which includes this genotype.
Development and validation of a scoring system to predict mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study in two large hospitals in Ecuador
Authors: Dueñas-Espín Iván , Echeverría-Mora María , Montenegro-Fárez Camila , Baldeón Manuel , Chantong Villacres Luis , Espejo Cárdenas Hugo , Fornasini Marco , Ochoa Andrade Miguel , Solís Carlos 
Published: July 2023

Objective
To develop and validate a scoring system to predict mortality among hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

Methods
Retrospective cohort study. We analyzed 5,062 analyzed hospitalized patients with COVID-19 treated at two hospitals; one each in Quito and Guayaquil, from February to July 2020. We assessed predictors of mortality using survival analyses and Cox models. We randomly divided the database into two sets: (i) the derivation cohort (n = 2497) to identify predictors of mortality, and (ii) the validation cohort (n = 2565) to test the discriminative ability of a scoring system. After multivariate analyses, we used the final model’s β-coefficients to build the score. Statistical analyses involved the development of a Cox proportional hazards regression model, assessment of goodness of fit, discrimination, and calibration.

Results
There was a higher mortality risk for these factors: male sex [(hazard ratio (HR) = 1.32, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.03–1.69], per each increase in a quartile of ages (HR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.24–1.67) considering the younger group (17–44 years old) as the reference, presence of hypoxemia (HR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.01–1.95), hypoglycemia and hospital hyperglycemia (HR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.01–3.91, and HR = 1.27, 95% CI: 0.99–1.62, respectively) when compared with normoglycemia, an AST–ALT ratio >1 (HR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.25–1.92), C-reactive protein level (CRP) of >10 mg/dL (HR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.07–2.08), arterial pH <7.35 (HR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.08–1.80) when compared with normal pH (7.35–7.45), and a white blood cell count >10 × 103 per μL (HR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.35–2.29). We found a strong discriminative ability in the proposed score in the validation cohort [AUC of 0.876 (95% CI: 0.822–0.930)], moreover, a cutoff score ≥39 points demonstrates superior performance with a sensitivity of 93.10%, a specificity of 70.28%, and a correct classification rate of 72.66%. The LR+ (3.1328) and LR- (0.0981) values further support its efficacy in identifying high-risk patients.

Conclusion
Male sex, increasing age, hypoxemia, hypoglycemia or hospital hyperglycemia, AST–ALT ratio >1, elevated CRP, altered arterial pH, and leucocytosis were factors significantly associated with higher mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. A statistically significant Cox regression model with strong discriminatory power and good calibration was developed to predict mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, highlighting its potential clinical utility.
Ever-never heard of ‘Malaysian Healthy Plate’: How many people know and practice this healthy eating concept?
Authors: A. Mohamad Hasnan , C. A. R. Norsyamlina , S. M. Cheong , S. Ruhaya , P. Munawara , R. H. Wan Shakira , S. G. Shubash , A. Khairul Hasnan , A. Noor Ani 
Published: July 2023

Introduction
The current and simpler healthy eating concept ‘Malaysian Healthy Plate’, was introduced in 2016. This study aims to determine the prevalence of ever-never heard, understanding, and practice of this concept and also the associated factors to never-heard of Malaysian Health Plate after three years of the implementation.

Methodology
This study utilized the data from the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2019, a cross-sectional survey that applied two-stage stratified cluster sampling. Questionnaires pertained to ever heard, knowledge, and practised of Malaysian Healthy Plate were asked along with another questionnaire. Complex sample analysis was applied to fit with the study design.

Results
Estimated 16.9 million (79.6%) adults in Malaysia were never heard of the Malaysian Healthy Plate Concept in 2019. Never heard of this concept was significantly associated with sex (men, aOR 0.265), ethnicity (other ethnicities, aOR 1.79), an education level (no education, aOR 9.59; primary, aOR 3.50; secondary, aOR 1.70), occupation (private, aOR 2.16; self-employed, aOR 2.31; retirees, aOR 1.69; student, aOR 2.31; unpaid workers, aOA 2.35; not working, aOR 2.86), non-diabetes aOR 1.43, and low fruit and vegetable intake person aOR 1.86. Meanwhile, another 20.4% or an estimated 4.3 million adults who were ever heard of Malaysian Healthy Plate. Among those who are ever heard, 80.8% (3.5 million) correctly interpreted or understood the concept and among those who ever heard and understood the concept, only 70.5% (2.5 million) have been practising it daily or occasionally.

Conclusions
Four-fifth of adults never heard of the ‘Malaysian Healthy Plate’ and among those who ever heard, the understanding and practising of the concept were probably unsatisfactory. Multisectoral collaboration is an urge to fasten the promotion to spark awareness and educate the public to practice the concept to promote healthy eating and a healthier nation.