bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges and coping strategies among young adults living with perinatally acquired HIV infection in Botswana. A qualitative study
Authors: Karugaba Grace , Thupayagale-Tshweneagae Gloria , Moleki Mary M. , Matshaba Mogomotsi 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundDue to antiretroviral therapy, many people with perinatally acquired HIV are surviving into young adulthood which is a critical period of human development. Research conducted in various settings globally has shown that young adults living with perinatally acquired HIV (YALPH) face multiple challenges related to HIV infection while also confronting the same challenges of young adulthood faced by other HIV-negative youth. However, there is a paucity of information on YALPH in Botswana and what needs to be done to improve their health and wellbeing. Therefore, this study explores the challenges and coping strategies of YALPH in order to inform health policies and programming in Botswana.MethodsIn-depth interviews were conducted with 45 YALPH (ages 18–27 years) who were enrolled on antiretroviral therapy at the Botswana-Baylor Children’s Clinical Centre of Excellence (Botswana-Baylor Clinic). The Botswana-Baylor Clinic is the largest centre for pediatric, adolescent, and young adult HIV treatment and care in Botswana. The maximum variation sampling method was used to select information-rich participants. The questions focused on the challenges YALPH faced and how they coped with HIV. The data was analyzed using content analysis.ResultsThe results showed that the majority of YALPH had suppressed HIV viral load and perceived themselves to be in good physical health and functioning. They did, however, face numerous challenges, including occasional or longstanding poor antiretroviral therapy adherence, disabilities and impairments, poor school performance and attainment, unemployment, financial stressors, fear of stigma, disclosure worries and concerns, and limited social support. The most vulnerable YALPH included those with disabilities and impairments, those transitioning out of residential care, young parents, the unemployed, and those with maladaptive coping strategies. The YALPH mainly used adaptive coping strategies. The most commonly used maladaptive coping strategies were self-distraction and venting.ConclusionInterventions to prevent, screen for, assess, and manage the challenges identified by this study are critical to improving the health and well-being of YALPH. In addition, diverse interventions that can contribute to the development of adaptive coping mechanisms and reduce the likelihood of maladaptive coping in YALPH should be sought.
Undernutrition and associated factors among children aged 6–59 months in nutrition-sensitive agriculture intervention implemented Basona district, North Shewa Zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia
Authors: Yehuala Gebretsadik Keleb , Orcho Afework Hailu , Gebresilassie Mizan Habtemichael , Meshesha Habtemariam Abate , Amera Tewodros Getnet , Tariku Eshetu Zerihun 
Published: April 2023

Background
In Ethiopia, child malnutrition is a significant public health problem. To address the problem, Nutrition-Sensitive Agriculture (NSA) program was introduced. However, there is a paucity of evidence about the prevalence of child undernutrition in NSA-implemented districts. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of undernutrition among children aged 6–59 months in NSA-implemented districts.

Method
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted by enrolling 422 children aged 6–59 months paired with their mothers. A systematic sampling technique was used to select respondents. Data were collected by Open Data Kit (ODK) data collection platform, and Stata version 16 was used for analysis. The multivariable logistic analysis model was fitted to assess the association between variables, and 95% CI was estimated to measure the strength of the association. The level of statistical significance was declared at a p-value of less than 0.05 in the multivariable model.

Result
Overall, 406 respondents participated in the study, and a response rate of 96.2% was obtained. The prevalence of stunting, wasting, and underweight was 24.1% (95% CI: 19.9–28.4), 8.87% (95% CI: 6.3–12.1) and 19.95% (95% CI: 16.2–24.2), respectively. Household food insecurity was significantly associated with being underweight (AOR: 3.31, 95% CI (1.7–6.3). Child dietary diversity (AOR: 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01–0.48) and being a beneficiary of the NSA (AOR: 0.12, 95% CI: 0.02–0.96) program were associated with wasting. Lack of ANC visits and diarrhea in the past two weeks was associated with stunting and wasting, respectively.

Conclusion
The prevalence of malnutrition was a moderate public health problem. Wasting was more prevalent than the recent national and Amhara region averages. However, the prevalence of stunting and underweight was lower than the national average and other studies conducted in Ethiopia. Healthcare providers should work to increase dietary diversity, ANC visits, and reduce diarrheal disease.
Surfactant delivery via thin catheter in preterm infants: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yeung Telford Y. , Zhou Qi , Kanmaz Kutman H. Godze , Pandita Aakash , Philippopoulos Eleni , Jasani Bonny 
Published: April 2023

Objective
Surfactant administration via a thin catheter (STC) is an alternative to surfactant administration post endotracheal intubation in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS); however, the benefits particularly in infants <29 weeks’ gestation and the neurodevelopmental outcomes remain unclear. Thus, our objective was to systematically review and meta-analyze the efficacy and safety of STC compared to intubation for surfactant or nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) in preterm infants with RDS.

Methods
Medical databases were searched until December 2022 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing STC compared to controls that included intubation for surfactant or nCPAP in preterm infants with RDS. The primary outcome was bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) at 36 weeks gestation in survivors. Subgroup analysis was conducted comparing STC to controls in infants < 29 weeks’ gestation. The Cochrane risk of bias (ROB) tool was used and certainty of evidence (CoE) was rated according to GRADE.

Results
Twenty-six RCTs of 3349 preterm infants, in which half of the studies had low risk of bias, were included. STC decreased the risk of BPD in survivors compared to controls (17 RCTs; N = 2408; relative risk (RR) = 0.66; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.51 to 0.85; number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome (NNTB) = 13; CoE: moderate). In infants < 29 weeks’ gestation, STC significantly reduced the risk of BPD compared to controls (6 RCTs, N = 980; RR 0.63; 95% CI 0.47 to 0.85; NNTB = 8; CoE: moderate).

Conclusions
Compared to controls, STC may be a more efficacious and safe method of surfactant delivery in preterm infants with RDS, including infants < 29 weeks’ gestation.
The clinical features of familial focal epilepsy with variable foci and NPRL3 gene variant
Authors: Wang Yue , Yu Peimin , Zhu Guoxing , Wu Xunyi , Ding Ding , Hong Zhen 
Published: April 2023

Objective
Familial focal epilepsy with variable foci (FFEVF) is a rare type of focal epilepsy syndrome; it is associated with NPRL3 variant. However, relevant reports are rare in China. We aimed to analyze the clinical features of Chinese patients with FFEVF to understand further the differences between various NPRL3 variants and explored the effect of NPRL3 variant on mRNA.

Methods
We ran a full workup on a family with FFEVF (four patients, one healthy member): an inquiry of medical history, cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electroencephalogram (EEG), and whole exon sequencing. Their clinical features were compared with those of other FFEVF patients in published reports. The mRNA splicing changes were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively using real-time quantitative—polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and compared between our patients and healthy individuals.

Results
Patients with NPRL3: c.1137dupT variant had a wide range of onset age (4 months to 31 years), diverse seizure types, variable foci (frontal lobe/temporal lobe), different seizure times (day/night) and frequencies (monthly/seldom/every day), different therapeutic effects (refractory epilepsy/almost seizure free), normal MRI, and abnormal EEG (epileptiform discharge, slow wave). The phenotypic spectrum with different NPRL3 variants was either similar or different. Significantly different relative quantities of mRNA were found between patients and healthy individuals in real-time qPCR. Abnormal splicing was observed in patients compared with healthy individual in RT-PCR. Despite having the same gene variant, different family members had different mRNA splicing, possibly causing different phenotypes.

Conclusion
The clinical features of FFEVF varied, and auxiliary inspection was atypical. NPRL3: c.1137dupT could change the relative quantity of mRNA and cause abnormal splicing, which might produce different phenotypes in different family members.
Exploring barriers to switching “on time” to second-line antiretroviral therapy among nurses in primary health care facilities, Ekurhuleni Health District, South Africa
Authors: Tenza Immaculate Sabelile , Njuguna Christine , Sodo Pumla Pamella , Ruch Aviva , Francis Joel Msafiri , Omole Olufemi Babatunde , Cooke Richard , Agbo Samuel , Baldwin-Ragaven Laurel 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundEnsuring that all HIV-infected people receive antiretroviral therapy (ART) and achieve viral suppression are key South African strategies to end the AIDS epidemic in the country. National HIV treatment guidelines recommend an immediate switch to second-line ART following virological failure with first-line ART. Nurses based in district health facilities are at the forefront of implementing this recommendation. While there are often delays in switching and in some instances no switch, the reasons for and barriers to delayed switching are not well understood at the primary care level.AimTo explore the views of frontline nursing staff about factors contributing to delayed switching of patients who have failed first-line ART regimen in Ekurhuleni district, South Africa.MethodsA qualitative study was conducted among 21 purposively sampled nurses who provide HIV treatment and care to patients in 12 primary health care (PHC) facilities in Ekurhuleni Health District, Gauteng Province, South Africa. Individual in-depth interviews explored nurses’ experiences regarding their recognition of virological failure and understanding of “on time” switching to second-line ART. Interviews probed the circumstances contributing to delays in switching. After digital audio recording and transcription, manual inductive thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.FindingsMultiple barriers were identified: 1) Healthcare provider factors included a lack of knowledge and confidence coupled with demotivation in the workplace; 2) Patient issues similarly comprised a lack of knowledge as well as resistance to being switched to another drug regimen and loss to follow up; 3) Systems factors were poor facility leadership, shortages of medication, staffing constraints, and the inability to trace laboratory results, especially for migrant patients.ConclusionReasons for delayed switching of patients to second-line ART are multifactorial and require integrated interventions at health provider, patient and health system levels.
Excellence of the closed intensive care unit system in critically ill surgical patients
Authors: Baik Seung Min , Yang Na Rae , Kim Tae Yoon , Hong Kyung Sook 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundDespite reports that the closed intensive care unit (ICU) system improves clinical outcomes, it has not been widely applied for various reasons. This study aimed to propose a better ICU system for critically ill patients by comparing the experience of open surgical ICU (OSICU) and closed surgical ICU (CSICU) systems in the same institution.Methods and findingsOur institution converted the ICU system from “open” to “closed” in February 2020, and enrolled patients were classified into the OSICU and CSICU groups at that time from March 2019 to February 2022. A total of 751 patients were categorized into the OSICU (n = 191) and CSICU (n = 560) groups. The mean age of the patients was 67 years in the OSICU group and 72 years in the CSICU group (p< 0.05). The acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score was 21.8 ± 7.65 in the CSICU group, which was higher than the score 17.4 ± 7.97 in the OSICU group (p< 0.05). The sequential organ failure assessment scores were 2.0 ± 2.29 in the OSICU group and 4.1 ± 3.06 in the CSICU group (p< 0.05). After correction for bias by logistic regression analysis for all-cause mortality, the odds ratio in the CSICU group was 0.089 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.014–0.568,p< 0.05).ConclusionsDespite considering the various factors of increased patient severity, a CSICU system is more beneficial for critically ill patients. Therefore, we propose that the CSICU system be applied worldwide.
Effect of Tik-Tok and Leaflet Media in Increasing Adolescents’ Knowledge and Attitude About Reproductive Health
Authors: Haninuna Gilbert Yesaya , Nayoan Christina Rony , Haba Bunga Eryc Z 
Published: April 2023

Introduction: The lack of information about reproductive health obtained by adolescents can lead to the inability of adolescents to maintain their reproductive health. Media could be used to improve knowledge and attitudes. It is important to deliver health education using attractive media to influence adolescents’ understanding and attitudes about reproductive health. This study employed a new media, Tik-Tok to improve adolescents’ reproductive health knowledge and attitude. This study is aimed to compare the effectiveness of using Tik-Tok and leaflets on increasing adolescents' knowledge and attitudes in East Nusa Tenggara, IndonesiaMethods: This research was a quasi-experimental study, with a "pretest-posttest group design". The study was done on junior high school students in Semau Island. The subjects of this study were 78 students who were divided into two different group interventions, 39 students for Tiktok and 39 students for a leaflet. Data analysis technique using marginal homogeneity test.Results: There was a significant increase in knowledge and attitude among the students after receiving reproduction health education using TikTok (p=0.0001) and leaflet (p=0.0001). The average increase score in knowledge was 6.05 in the Tik Tok group, while in the leaflet group was 5.7. The Tik-Tok group's average increase in attitude score was 21.05 and the leaflet group's was 17.9. These result showed that both media were useful to deliver reproductive health information for young students, but TikTok had a better results.Conclusion: Schools need to work with the related sectors to improve comprehensive reproductive health education for students and also incorporate new media in delivering health information.
Apolitical Money – An Illusion?
Authors: Issing Otmar 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Monetary history is a history of inflation. The Statute of the ECB, as a copy of the Bundesbank Act, can be viewed as an attempt to establish the euro as apolitical money. Experience with the short history of the euro shows the limits of this attempt. Fundamentally, the state remains the final authority in monetary matters. The article begins with a very brief outline of monetary history and the efforts undertaken to achieve a stable currency. The second chapter analyses the Statute of the ECB as an attempt to shield monetary policy from political influence. This is followed by a review of the experience gained in the short history of the euro. The last chapter draws conclusions about the possibilities of apolitical money.
Analysis of characteristics of rail transit stray current and saturation mechanism of current transformer
Authors: Wu Guoxing , Wang Qilin , Chen Long , Jin Longxing , Feng Zongjian , Zhang Wen , Zhang Guoxin , Lu Pengfei , Liu Hongshun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The DC bias may affect the transient transfer characteristics of the current transformer (CT), threatening the correct action of the relay protection and the safe operation of the power system. Compared with the high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission in the unipolar-earth loop operation mode and geomagnetically induced current (GIC), the amplitude of the stray current is smaller, and the randomness and fluctuation are larger and accompanied by sudden changes. Combining the characteristics of stray current and the CT equivalent model considering the eddy current loss of the iron core, the mechanism of local transient saturation under the influence of bias magnetization is explained, and the CT saturation phenomenon caused by stray current and its effect on line distance protection are simulated and analyzed. The research shows that the influence of low amplitude and high duration of stray current will make the magnetic flux of CT grow and affect the transmission of steady-state and transient-state so that the measurement impedance appears amplitude-phase shift, which leads to under-range rejection of distance protection.
Is It Wrong to Benefit from Injustice?
Authors: Psaroudaki Katerina 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
According to the beneficiary-pays principle, the involuntary beneficiaries of injustice ought to disgorge their unjustly obtained benefits in order to compensate the victims of injustice. The paper explores the effectiveness of the above principle in establishing a robust and unique normative connection between the rectificatory duties of the beneficiaries and the rectificatory rights of the victims of injustice. I discuss three accounts of the beneficiary-pays principle according to which the rectificatory duty of the beneficiaries towards the victims is grounded in (a) their duty to oppose injustice and mitigate its effects, (b) their duty to give up benefits that are causally linked to an act of wrongdoing, or (c) their duty to not sustain wrongful harm against the victims. By criticizing these accounts, I intend to highlight the complexities of articulating a distinct rectificatory duty that applies uniquely to the beneficiaries of injustice qua beneficiaries. I conclude that, while it may seem complicated to defend the beneficiary-pays principle as an independent moral principle, it is more plausible to think of it as being derivative of more general principles such as the principle of fair play.
Additive manufacturing of hexagonal lattice structures: tensile tests and validation
Authors: Ture Mustafa Okan , Evis Zafer , Ozturk Fahrettin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this paper, different hexagonal lattice structures of the tensile test specimens were designed, manufactured by additive manufacturing, and tested in three different lengths. Moreover, flat shape tensile test specimens were designed without lattice structure. Mechanical behaviors were obtained using a tensile testing machine and analyzed at a finite element program. Effect of lattice shape and infill density on mechanical behavior was investigated. Results were compared with finite element analysis to validate the simulation. Main objective of this paper is to investigate the tensile test properties of polylactic acid (PLA) test specimens with different hexagonal-shaped lattice structures and verify their finite element model. It is concluded that increasing hexagonal lattice size increases ductility up to certain degree. Elastic modulus of 15% and 100% infill density specimens was nearly same at lattice region.
Optimization of friction stir welding process parameters using multi-criteria decision making approach
Authors: Ay Mustafa , Sarsılmaz Furkan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this study, two different aluminum alloy (AA1030/AA7075) pairs were joined using friction stir welding (FSW) method. Tool rotation speed, welding speed, and stirrer geometry were chosen as variable welding parameters. The welded joint zones were evaluated for both microstructural and mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and nugget hardness (H). Optimum welding parameters were determined using multi-criteria decision making techniques such as rank preference technique by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) and gray relational analysis (GRA). At the same time, the performances of the TOPSIS and GRA methods were compared.
Crystal structure of 4-chloro-N′-[(1E)-(2-nitrophenyl)methylidene]benzohydrazide, C14H10ClN3O3
Authors: Al-Wahaibi Lamya H. , Blacque Olivier , Tiekink Edward R. T. , El-Emam Ali A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
C14H10ClN3O3, triclinic, P1 (no. 1), a = 4.8813(2) Å, b = 6.7806(2) Å, c = 10.3135(2) Å, α =

98.101

(
2
)

∘

$98.101{\left(2\right)}^{\circ }$

, β =

94.174

(
2
)

∘

$94.174{\left(2\right)}^{\circ }$

, γ =

97.612

(
3
)

∘

$97.612{\left(3\right)}^{\circ }$

, V = 333.515(18) Å3, Z = 1,

R

g
t

${R}_{gt}$

(F) = 0.0270,

w

R

r
e
f

$w{R}_{ref}$

(F2) = 0.0743, T = 160 K.
Effects of Static Contemporary Western Yoga vs. a Dynamic Stretching Exercise Program on Body Composition, Balance, and Flexibility
Authors: Chapman-Lopez Tomas J. , Moris Jose M. , Petty Garett , Timon Claire , Koh Yunsuk 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Chapman-Lopez, TJ, Moris, JM, Petty, G, Timon, C, and Koh, Y. Effects of static contemporary western yoga vs. a dynamic stretching exercise program on body composition, balance, and flexibility. J Strength Cond Res 37(5): 1064–1069, 2023—Essentrics is a dynamic full-body stretching workout, which has recently earned its popularity in the field of yoga because of its potential for improvement in balance, flexibility, and weight loss while adding enjoyment to the workout without any discomfort and pain. However, the effects of Essentrics on overall health have not been well studied, particularly in a younger, physically healthy population. Thirty-five subjects (27 females and 8 males, age = 20.4 ± 0.2 years, and body mass index = 22.58 ± 0.55 kg·m−2) were assigned to 2 groups—contemporary western yoga (CWY, n = 20) and Essentrics (ESS, n = 15). Each group met 3 times per week for a total of 45–50 minutes per day for 6 weeks. Anthropometric measurements, body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), flexibility (sit-and-reach), and balance (lower extremity Y-balance) were assessed before and after the 6-week program. The balance test included 3 reaches (anterior, posteromedial [PM], and posterolateral [PL] and composite reach distance). Each reach was averaged for the right and left sides and then normalized to leg length. Data were analyzed using an analysis of variance with repeated measures (p ≤ 0.05), and a post hoc test was performed for any significant interactions. There were no significant group differences between CWY and ESS in balance and flexibility. Following the 6-week yoga programs, balance was improved as follows: PM (87.13 ± 11.64 cm to 92.25 ± 9.91 cm, p = 0.001), PL (82.88 ± 11.28 to 88.62 ± 9.62 cm, p = 0.002), composite reach distance (CRD) (225.96 ± 27.17 to 238.26 ± 22.98 cm, p = 0.001), normalized PM (98.31 ± 11.68 to 104.27 ± 11.14%, p = 0.001), normalized PL (93.60 ± 11.98 to 100.15 ± 10.70%, p = 0.001), and normalized CRD (255.12 ± 27.89 to 269.21 ± 25.07%, p = 0.001). Flexibility was also improved from 51.42 ± 8.24 to 53.38 ± 7.04 cm (p = 0.010) following the 6-week workout programs. Total body fat percentage was significantly reduced only in the CWY group (24.44 ± 6.73 to 23.51 ± 6.32%, p = 0.002). Regardless of the type of stretching workout, both dynamic and static workouts improved flexibility and balance. Thus, individuals seeking to improve balance and flexibility can benefit from either dynamic or static yoga program.