bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conflicts in Heritage Protection
Authors: Frowe Helen , Matravers Derek 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Inseparability Thesis holds that protecting heritage is inseparable from protecting people and therefore cannot conflict with protecting people. This chapter argues that we ought to reject this thesis. Conflicts between protecting heritage and protecting people are rife, both within and without war. Most obviously, these conflicts occur in cases of scarce resources. But they also occur when we distribute the risks of war. Protecting heritage can require combatants to impose risks on civilians and to incur risks to themselves. Judging the permissibility of imposing such risks and ordering combatants to incur them demands not only that we recognise conflicts between protecting heritage and protecting people but also that we develop a rubric for comparing the moral significance of harms to each. Implementing the provisions of the 1954 Hague Convention on the Protection of Cultural Property in Times of Armed Conflict also demands the use of such a rubric.
Heritage Tourism after Conflict
Authors: Bernard Penelope , Kirchin Simon 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Many sites of war and conflict are turned into conflict heritage sites, explicitly created and maintained for tourism. Such sites raise a host of interesting questions and problems that are ripe for sustained philosophical attention. For example, is it ethical to create and visit such sites for pleasure given the conflict, death and suffering that occurred at them? Is it easier to justify creating and visiting such sites in the distant past rather than in the recent past, or does the passage of time make no moral difference? This chapter maps some of the main questions and considerations arising for conflict heritage tourism, and offers some initial responses in order to stimulate wider philosophical discussion.
Religion, Dynastic Politics, and Public Discourse
Authors: Smuts R. Malcolm 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Focusing on the politics surrounding Elizabeth I’s last courtship by Francis of Valois, duke of Anjou, the chapter examines the intertwining of dynastic and religious politics at multiple levels, from the international arena down to rivalries between landed families within English localities. The queen’s proposed marriage to Anjou was intended to strengthen England against growing threats from Spain, but it also seemed likely to unsettle the balance of religious and noble dynastic power at the English court and in many localities. It triggered a controversy in which tropes of dynastic loyalty and dynastic libels—of which the most notorious was John Stubbs, The Gaping Gulf—both figured prominently. These fed into competing representations of public reactions to the match, intended to persuade the queen to embrace or reject it. The public was consistently pictured, not as a body of independent individuals, but as collections of people led by dynastic leaders, including the queen, Anjou, and individual nobles and gentry, whose virtuous or vicious conduct would determine the health of the state or polity.
The Containment of Militant English Catholicism
Authors: Smuts R. Malcolm 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Recent work demonstrating the continuing vitality of English Catholicism well into Elizabeth’s reign demands that we rethink how threats of Catholic rebellion were contained. Clandestine missionary activity not only won converts but began to forge networks among Catholic activists which had the potential to facilitate political resistance and rebellion. The government responded not only by arresting and selectively executing priests but also by incarcerating hundreds of lay recusants and subjecting them, after their release, to bonds restricting their movements. It stepped up surveillance and implemented a system of county militias under the control of Protestants and loyalists. These measures probably did little to diminish Catholic belief, but they discouraged political activism among all but the most committed Catholic gentry, thereby impeding the formation of organized resistance, while giving Protestants substantial advantages in getting armed forces into the field quickly in any sudden emergency. The imprisonment, confinement to London, and flight into exile of Thomas Lord Paget is examined as a case study of these processes.
Defending the State in Ireland
Authors: Smuts R. Malcolm 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In addition to England, Elizabeth’s council presided over a second, much more fragile, state in Ireland. The chapter surveys the topographical conditions and forms of seigneurial power that impeded the consolidation of centralized government in Ireland; efforts by English state servants to overcome these obstacles; and the opposition that those efforts aroused not only among Gaelic Irish but Old English populations of the Pale and the towns. It then examines the role of Catholicism in potentially providing a unifying bond between resistance to English rule in different parts of the island, and the ferocious reactions that this threat provoked among some captains and government servants. As Catholic resistance hardened, many English began to regard the “civil” Irish of the Pale and Irish towns as even more dangerous enemies than the “wild” Irish inhabiting remote areas, precisely because they possessed more sophisticated tools of resistance, including knowledge of the common law. This perception contributed to an increasingly adversarial relationship between the Protestant, English-dominated state and the island’s inhabitants, regardless of their ethnic background, and to a pattern of state violence that helped provoke the great rebellion led by Hugh O’Neill earl of Tyrone.
Dynastic Politics, Confessional Polarization, and the Challenge of New Religious Wars
Authors: Smuts R. Malcolm 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The chapter examines James’s pursuit of dynastic alliances and examines why his opportunistic policies toward Europe collapsed after 1618. In negotiating marriages for his children, James attempted to avoid diplomatic isolation and extend his influence, by securing alliances with both Protestant and Catholic states. A projected marriage alliance with Savoy failed through Prince Henry’s unexpected death, but James continued to encourage Duke Charles Emmanuel of Savoy to challenge Habsburg power in Italy, and to cooperate with the German Protestant Union, led by the Elector Palatine Frederick V, who had married his daughter Elizabeth. For a time, the king sought a French bride for Prince Charles but shifted to the pursuit of a Spanish match by 1616. While cooperating with Spain in seeking to prevent conflicts in the Rhineland and North Italy from escalating into major wars, he continued to pose as defender of European Protestantism and to foment trouble for the Habsburgs. His equivocal policies continued as fresh confessional conflicts erupted in France and then Bohemia, but failed either to prevent the outbreak of a new religious war in Germany or to provide his Protestant allies enough support to avoid defeat.
Sexualizing Intellectual Modernity
Authors: Psomiades Kathy Alexis 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The final modernity story in this book is the story of the development of modern knowledge, of a modern scientific way of seeing the world. This story is told primarily in the anthropology of myth and ritual. The chapter shows how James Frazer’s sexualized theory of cultural production emerged out of the intersection of anthropological and literary writing in the 1880s, specifically around figures like Andrew Lang and H. Rider Haggard, who anthropologized the distinction between realism and romance. It reads novels without traditional marriage plots—Haggard’s She (1886–7) and Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the d’Urbervilles (1891)—that were self-consciously written with reference to a newly anthropologized theory of romance that recasts the relationship between myth and realism. The sexual plots of these novels situate themselves as explicitly “other” to the marriage plots of realist domestic fiction, and yet also as historically and causally related to them. Ultimately, the sexualized modernity story of myth becomes part of a literary modernity story.
Conclusion
Authors: Psomiades Kathy Alexis 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Victorian anthropologists looked for the origins of culture in rules governing sexual relations. In the twentieth century, with modern anthropology’s disproval and repudiation of Victorian cultural evolutionism, the set of concerns that made up primitive marriage theory were split up between the new anthropology and the new discipline of psychoanalysis. This conclusion describes that process, showing how Sigmund Freud brought the theory of the totem and Oedipus complex together in Totem and Taboo. It argues that twentieth-century feminists needed both psychoanalysis and structural anthropology to inquire into the origins of marriage.
Operator Theory by Example
Authors: Garcia Stephan Ramon , Mashreghi Javad , Ross William T. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOperator Theory by Example is aimed at graduate students just getting started in operator theory. Rather than discuss the subject in the abstract, this book covers the subject through twenty instructive examples of a wide variety of operators. For each operator, we discuss its norm, spectrum, commutant, invariant subspaces, and interesting properties that are particular to that operator. An important feature of this book is dozens of exercises at the end of each chapter (over 600 in total) along with hints. These problems are designed to give the reader an opportunity to master the topics covered in the chapter as well as give them an opportunity to further explore the vast operator theory literature. Each chapter also contains well researched historical facts which place the chapter in context so the reader can see the development of the field.
Constructions with the Shift Operator
Authors: Garcia Stephan Ramon , Mashreghi Javad , Ross William T. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis chapter explores three operators created from the unilateral shift S and its adjoint S*: the sum S + S*, the direct sum S ⊕ S*, and the tensor product S ⊗ S*. We give Hilbert’s spectral representation of the selfadjoint operator S + S*. The operator S ⊕ S* on H2 ⊕ H2 is complex symmetric. We examine its invariant subspaces and spectral properties. The operator S ⊗ S* on H2 ⊗ H2 is also complex symmetric. We discuss its reducing subspaces and spectral properties.
Plea Deals, Coercion, and Systemic Testimonial Injustice
Authors: Lackey Jennifer 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to examine the normative status of plea deals in the criminal legal system, with particular attention paid to the plea-bargaining process. Despite the powerful images of the courtroom in the criminal legal system, the reality is that convictions in the United States are rarely the result of trial by jury, with 97.4% of federal felony convictions obtained through guilty pleas and the rate of state felony convictions not far behind. The chapter begins with how to best understand coercion. After raising objections to existing accounts, it develops a new view according to which coercion involves an unfair offer or threat that closes a person out of a reasonable decision-making space. This notion is then applied to the practices in the criminal legal system, showing that plea bargaining often involves the extraction of guilty pleas that are not only coercive but also manipulative and deceptive.
Conclusion
Authors: Lackey Jennifer 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This conclusion shows that an attack on epistemic agency is therewith an attack on autonomy, dignity, and ultimately on personhood. Suspects, defendants, witnesses, and victims who find their words, actions, and even feelings subjugated to the will of the State are not only wronged as epistemic agents, they are significantly violated as persons. While various reforms to the criminal legal system are recommended throughout this book, at its core, there is a prior, deeper, and far more fundamental transformation that is needed: the recognition and respect of the personhood of all of those who enter its doors. It is only through the hope and promise of respecting the personhood of each participant in the criminal legal system that we can truly grasp what justice demands and, in so doing, to reimagine what is possible.
Principles of Statutory Interpretation
Authors: Calnan Richard 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The interpretation of legal texts is of a different order from most other legal topics. It is essentially a question of judgement, but that judgement cannot be exercised arbitrarily. It must be exercised in accordance with the rule of law. Words take their meaning from their context, and the nature of the process of interpretation means that it is not susceptible of detailed rules. But there are principles of interpretation. The ability to state principles at a higher level of generality enables them to guide the interpreter in the right direction whilst acknowledging the ultimately judgemental nature of the exercise. It is the aim of this book to explain those principles and to provide examples of their application in practice. The principles are not a series of self-contained precepts that can be applied independently of each other. They need to be understood as a whole, which is why this book is relatively brief. It is intended to supplement the longer practitioner texts.
Intercreditor Equity in Sovereign Debt Restructuring
Authors: Iversen Astrid 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe book provides a comprehensive legal study of intercreditor equity—rules providing for equal and differential treatment of creditors—in sovereign debt restructurings. The question of intercreditor equity is one of the most conflictual issues in debt restructuring, both historically and today. It is paramount to creditors in the unfortunate event of a debt restructuring and it is equally important to debtor states so that they can manage restructuring processes as efficiently as possible and ensure a sustainable debt crisis resolution. The first aim of the book is to map and establish the content of intercreditor equity rules and analyse how they influence restructuring processes. This helps creditors improve their prediction of their legal rights and calculate the returns on their investments. It also improves a sovereign debtor’s understanding of the boundaries within which its debt restructuring offer must be designed and is instructive when drafting future sovereign debt instruments. Second, and equally important, the book sheds light on the functioning of the legal framework governing sovereign debt more broadly. It raises the question of whether intercreditor equity rules and the surrounding legal framework of sovereign debt restructuring are compatible with a debtor state’s possibility to ensure monetary and financial stability and establish sustainable debt burdens. In sum, the book seeks to go beyond the common platitude that ‘equal treatment’ is the crux of a successful debt restructuring process by showing that equal treatment is an ambiguous concept that is context- and rule-specific, and does not necessarily guarantee a sustainable debt restructuring.
The Role of Intercreditor Equity in Sovereign Debt Restructuring
Authors: Iversen Astrid 
Published: March 2023

AbstractChapter 1 places the topic of intercreditor equity in the broader debate on sovereign debt restructuring. In a situation where there is no general insolvency framework, which is the case for sovereign debtors, disparate rules govern the restructuring process. Since this process is only binding for the creditors who voluntarily accept it, there are no clear answers as to what role equal and preferred treatment play in the restructuring. The effect of these rules can vary depending on the specific facts of a case, such as the type of creditors involved and the underlying factors of the economic crisis of the sovereign debtor. The chapter discusses the key roles that equal and differential treatment of creditors may have in sovereign debt restructuring, including how it affects the likelihood of reaching a sustainable debt burden.
Systemic Challenges and the Future of Intercreditor Equity Disputes
Authors: Iversen Astrid 
Published: March 2023

AbstractChapter 7 discusses intercreditor equity and systemic challenges. More specifically, it discusses whether intercreditor equity rules and the surrounding legal framework of sovereign debt restructuring are compatible with public policy considerations, defined as a debtor state’s need to reach a sustainable debt burden and ensure monetary and financial stability. Only a couple of the rules would be considered as problematic in this regard. The number of different and uncoordinated intercreditor equity rules that a sovereign debtor state is typically bound by, combined with the scope of the rules, may restrict the debtor state’s room for manoeuvre to such an extent that it becomes difficult to implement a sustainable debt restructuring. Sufficient room for manoeuvre for debtor states to provide preferential treatment to certain creditors may allow for targeted measures that help the crisis-struck economy to recover faster. The described risk—that the parties involved in a debt restructuring are not able to reach a sustainable debt restructuring due to a narrowed policy space—is exacerbated under the current ad hoc system for debt crisis resolution. This system is heavily dependent on voluntary participation from creditors and contractual restructuring tools, and the state has limited freedom to use its sovereign powers to solve a debt crisis. Last, the chapter discusses good faith as a general principle of international law and whether it has a role to play as a cohesion tool reducing the fragmentation of intercreditor equity rules.
The Outlook for Broader Systemic Reform
Authors: Iversen Astrid 
Published: March 2023

AbstractChapter 8 discusses the outlook for broader systemic reform and concludes the book. The chapter argues that by clarifying the content and scope of core intercreditor equity rights and obligations applicable in the context of sovereign debt restructuring, the book may contribute to easing the level of conflict in future sovereign debt restructuring and improving the chances of achieving sustainable debt restructuring. It also suggests that the book should be read as cautioning against the shortcomings of the ad hoc contract-based regulatory framework governing sovereign debt and a call for reform. The increase of unsustainable debt burdens across many jurisdictions in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic and the lack of effective debt crisis resolution measures is one example of how the current regulatory framework is flawed. Although there is a growing consensus that the current system of sovereign debt restructurings has several flaws, there is no corresponding agreement on how it should be improved. Resistance to reform of the legal framework governing sovereign debt is particularly strong with respect to initiatives that go beyond a voluntary contractual approach, especially in jurisdictions of economic importance. This resistance lacks justification. Important progress on the regulatory framework governing sovereign borrowing and lending has already been made by institutions such as the IMF, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, and the UN General Assembly. Future reform should build on and learn from these processes.
Music at the Close
Authors: Tregear Ted 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents a reading of a single play, and a single scene, that both Englands Parnassus and Bel-vedére found irresistible: John of Gaunt’s dying moments in Richard II. Both anthologies gather the sententiae he bequeaths to his onlookers; Englands Parnassus also includes his paean to England, ‘This sceptred Ile’, making it the first collection to anthologize this perennial anthology-piece. This chapter explores the particular resonance, and extractability, of dying words, known for their proverbial truthfulness, and implicated in complex ways with the idea of dramatic character. It traces the parallel notions of nation-building in Shakespeare’s history and the anthologies in which it featured, while also observing the temporal syncopations of the political and the aesthetic. And it observes the affinity between anthologies and dying words, its passages picked like flowers from their first settings and wilting in their readers’ hands.
Differentiation: The Amplitwist Concept
Authors: Needham Tristan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter evaluates the amplitwist concept. To know the graph of an ordinary real function is to know the function completely, and so to understand curves is to understand real functions. The key insight of differential calculus is that if one takes a common or garden curve, places it under a microscope, and examines it using lenses of greater and greater magnifying power, each little piece looks like a straight line. When produced, these infinitesimal pieces of straight line are the tangents to the curve, and their directions describe the local behaviour of the curve. Despite the fact that one cannot draw the graph of a complex function, it is still possible to describe the local behaviour of a complex mapping by means of a complex analogue of the ordinary derivative-the “amplitwist”. The chapter then looks at local description of mappings in the plane, before considering the complex derivative as amplitwist. It also explores conformal mapping and the Cauchy-Riemann equations.
Justice and Feasibility
Authors: Gilabert Pablo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
It is common in political theory and practice to challenge normatively ambitious proposals by saying that their fulfilment is not feasible. But there has been insufficient conceptual exploration of what feasibility is, and not enough substantive inquiry into why and how it matters for thinking about social justice. This chapter provides a systematic treatment of these issues, and proposes a dynamic approach to the relation between justice and feasibility that illuminates the importance of political imagination and dynamic duties to expand agents’ power to fulfil demanding principles of justice. The ambitious profile of dignitarian justice is thus vindicated, while the specific link between dynamic duties, dynamic power, and dynamic virtue are articulated.
Introduction
Authors: Meyer James H. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The introduction to this book opens with a personal vignette from the author’s life in Istanbul in the 1990s, then segues into a brief discussion of Nâzım Hikmet’s continued importance as a cultural figure in Turkey. It outlines some of the most significant differences between this biography of Nâzım and previous ones, including the research undertaken for this book in Russia, Istanbul, Amsterdam, and Washington, DC. Another important difference relates to context, as this book does not treat Nâzım Hikmet’s life in isolation. Rather, it situates him within the broader story of his generation of late imperial “border-crossers,” i.e., individuals whose lives were significantly impacted by the cross-border experiences of their younger years. The introduction ends with a pledge to “breathe life” back into a literary and historical figure who, while the subject of much biographical attention, has usually been treated in one-dimensional terms.