bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation and Optimization of the Hot Disk Method for Thermal Conductivity Measurements up to 750 °C
Authors: Heisig Lisa-Marie , Wulf Rhena , Fieback Tobias M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Hot Disk method is a transient measurement method for the determination of thermal properties like the thermal conductivity, which is characterized by advantages such as a short measurement time or a low effort for the sample preparation. However, some difficulties related to measurements at elevated temperatures, which could be attributed to inaccuracies of the Temperature Coefficients of Resistance (TCRs), have been pointed out in the past. This paper presents a detailed investigation of the Hot Disk method for the determination of the thermal conductivity and contributes to a further improvement of its measurement accuracy. Subsequent to an extensive literature review of available reference materials for the thermal conductivity, measurements up to 750 °C were carried out with a Hot Disk TPS 2500 S with various Kapton and Mica sensors using three reference materials (Silcal 1100, Pyroceram 9606, Inconel 600). While room-temperature measurements confirmed the suitability of the reference samples as well as the independence of the measured thermal conductivity from the sensor, temperature-dependent measurements allowed the verification of the accuracy of the given TCRs. A set of optimized TCRs is proposed, with which the thermal conductivity of all three reference materials could be determined with an accuracy of 2 %. Furthermore, the measurement uncertainty of ± 5 % specified by the manufacturer could be confirmed. Hence, with the newly suggested TCRs, the Hot Disk method enables the determination of the thermal properties of a variety of materials even at high temperatures with high accuracy.
The Debated Discovery of Dolomite and the Proposal of a New Geosite at Borcola Pass (Eastern Italian Pre-Alps) in Honor of Giovanni Arduino
Authors: Zampieri Dario , Roghi Guido , Preto Nereo , Dalconi Maria Chiara 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWithin the Venetian Pre-Alps, the Borcola Pass connects the Posina (Vicenza province) and the Terragnolo (Trento province) valleys. The Posina valley is located north of Schio (Vicenza) within the Italian Southern Alps structural unit. In this area, the injection of Paleogene basaltic dykes along fault/fractures in the late Triassic Dolomia Principale unit has produced a local metamorphism of the dolomite rock into a marble characterized by the presence of brucite veins. This marble was studied in the eighteenth century by the famous Italian scientist Giovanni Arduino, who understood its metamorphic origin. In fact, the marble is always associated with sub-vertical basaltic dykes intruded into the carbonate rocks of the Pre-Alps. Arduino performed also chemical experiments on the marble. The reading of the description of the experiments induced later authors (e.g., Maraschini, von Morlot, Mc Kenzie) to infer that Arduino unknowingly discovered the mineral called dolomite. In this work, we propose that the abandoned Borcola Quarry should be nominated as a geosite, to allow its conservation and popularization and to preserve the memory of a probably minor, yet informative step in the long-lived history of the discovery of dolomite. In addition, this site presents other reasons of interest, such as petrography, mineralogy, structural geology, industrial archeology, and eco-geotourism. The proposed geosite is therefore of great importance in terms of its multidisciplinary scientific value, aesthetic appeal, and educational value.
Investigation on thermal pyrolysis of microalgae grown in winery wastewater: biofuels and chemicals production
Authors: Spennati Elena , Casazza Alessandro A. , Converti Attilio , Busca Guido 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCurrent innovations in microalgae technology include the use of wastewater as a cultivation medium for renewable energy generation and wastewater treatment. In this study, thermal pyrolysis was performed on a co-culture of Chlorella vulgaris and Arthrospira platensis grown in winery wastewater fed continuously into a membrane photobioreactor. The yield and composition of the reaction gases, reaction liquids, and solid residues collected at different reaction times and pyrolysis temperatures were compared with those of the same co-culture grown in its conventional medium. In general, the gaseous fraction resulted rich in combustible compounds. The highest yield in liquid products (55 %) was obtained by thermal pyrolysis of the co-culture grown in winery wastewater at 500 °C. Liquid fraction was made up of a mixture of oxygenated and nitrogenated compounds that are suitable as chemical intermediates and can therefore contribute to making the pyrolysis treatment economically feasible. For example, this fraction resulted particularly rich in crotonic acid, useful for the synthesis of copolymers (crotonic acid-vinyl acetate) and probably derived from the thermal cracking of polyhydroxy alkenoate. The results of this study suggest that thermal pyrolysis may be a good strategy to recover the energy potential of microalgae co-cultures used to treat wastewater.
Graphical abstract
Integrating motivated goal achievement in maritime simulator training
Authors: Hjellvik Simen , Mallam Steven 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe application of cloud-based simulators has increasing momentum in maritime education and training as a virtual platform for supplementing professional training with task-specific simulation-based learning. Congruent with traditional simulator technology and training methods, this new condition allows for asynchronous and unlimited simulator access where participation in training sessions is at the discretion of the trainee. Furthermore, this provides a learning environment that can have adaptive features to the trainee characteristics with selectable complexity levels, automated feedback, and automated performance assessment. With the advent of this emerging training technology, the organization of how training is deployed, the new roles and expectations for trainees and instructors, and the application of new data-driven analytics are not yet well understood. This paper employs a quasi-experimental study to investigate trainee motivation, personality traits, and task performance using a novel training design. The study was administered remotely to a sample (N = 18) of first-year maritime students who first completed a knowledge acquisition phase before conducting a skill acquisition phase with repeated simulator training of a procedural task, and finally a performance assessment of the simulator scenario. Data was collected from (1) a multiple-choice knowledge test, (2) a short-scaled Big Five Inventory, (3) the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire, and (4) programmed simulator metrics. Results indicate that Extraversion correlates with motivation and self-efficacy predicts training performance. No significant relationship between prior knowledge and the training performance was found. The results can provide knowledge for implementation and delivery of remote simulator training in maritime education and training, as well as other fields.
Learning ignorance and illiteracy through education: reflections on highland Bolivia
Authors: Canessa Andrew 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLiteracy is clearly more than an ability to read or write in one language, and today we talk of multiple ‘literacies’. In each case, literacy represents education, knowledge and particularly the ability to get by competently in the world we inhabit; in short, it is about being a full citizen. This article looks at literacy, knowledge and schooling in a highland Aymara village in Bolivia, not in terms of what is being learned but rather in terms of what knowledge is lost through the process of schooling. Literacy and formal education do not liberate people but actually disempower them: while giving them one kind of knowledge, they can simultaneously act to make people ignorant. As with other indigenous peoples around the world, literacy pushes those in this village to see the knowledge of their parents and grandparents as valueless, and certainly not as something worth acquiring.
Improving the management of air traffic congestion during the approach phase
Authors: Idrissi O. , Bikir A. , Mansouri K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNowadays most busy international airports and their corresponding terminal areas are suffering from huge congestion issues due to the simultaneity of their arrival aircraft. The aim of this paper is to establish a new separation method using time- based-separation, speed modification during approach phases and Point Merge System (PMS) so as to ensure efficiently the traffic flow. This work took as a case study the busiest airport of Morocco, The Mohammed V International airport of Casablanca. The proposed management model offers very good results when compared with other models such as the first-come first-served (FCFS) model.
Political Legitimacy as Grounded in the Wills of Citizens: A Reply to Peter
Authors: PRENDERGAST E. R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFabienne Peter (2020) recently proposed a taxonomy of accounts of the meta-normative grounds of political legitimacy. In this article, I argue that there is an important distinction left out of that taxonomy that complicates the picture. This is the distinction between attitude-independent and attitude-dependent conceptions of normative truth. Through an examination of these conceptions of normative truth (and correlate interpretations of what counts as a normative reason) I argue that what Peter calls a fact-based conception of legitimacy may collapse into a will-based conception. Further, the distinction has important implications for what Peter calls the belief-based conception. Finally, I defend the will-based conception against Peter's arbitrariness objection through an examination of ideally coherent eccentrics.
Costa’s concavity inequality for dependent variables based on the multivariate Gaussian copula
Authors: Asgari Fatemeh , Alamatsaz Mohammad Hossein 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAn extension of Shannon’s entropy power inequality when one of the summands is Gaussian was provided by Costa in 1985, known as Costa’s concavity inequality. We consider the additive Gaussian noise channel with a more realistic assumption, i.e. the input and noise components are not independent and their dependence structure follows the well-known multivariate Gaussian copula. Two generalizations for the first- and second-order derivatives of the differential entropy of the output signal for dependent multivariate random variables are derived. It is shown that some previous results in the literature are particular versions of our results. Using these derivatives, concavity of the entropy power, under certain mild conditions, is proved. Finally, special one-dimensional versions of our general results are described which indeed reveal an extension of the one-dimensional case of Costa’s concavity inequality to the dependent case. An illustrative example is also presented.
The Obama effect? Race, first-time voting, and future participation
Authors: Brown Jacob R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDid the 2008 United States presidential election produce stronger future mobilization for Blacks than non-Blacks? First-time voting influences long-term political behavior, but do minority voters see the most powerful effects when the formative election is tied to their group's political empowerment? I test this hypothesis in the context of the election of the first Black president in United States history, using voting eligibility discontinuities to identify the effect of voting in 2008 on future voting for Blacks, Hispanics, and Whites. Voting in 2008 caused a greater increase in the likelihood of voting in 2010 for Blacks than for other new voters, but there is no evidence of a sustained mobilizing advantage in subsequent elections. Furthermore, 2008 was not a unique formative voting experience for new Black voters, but rather produced similar effects on future voting as other presidential elections. These results signal that group political empowerment does not drive habitual voting.
Human occupation, site formation, and chronostratigraphy of a mid-Holocene archaeological site at the eastern Pampa-Patagonia transition, Argentina
Authors: Martínez Gustavo , Martínez Gustavo Adolfo , Owen Lewis A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntense aeolian processes in arid and semi-arid environments play an essential role in the preservation and destruction of archeological sites. This is especially the case in the lower basin of the Colorado River at the eastern Pampa-Patagonia Transition of Argentina, as is illustrated by geoarchaeological and chronostratigraphic studies at a mid-Holocene hunter-gatherer site, La Modesta, where aeolian processes strongly influence the archeological record in dune sediments. At La Modesta, surface archaeological materials are numerous and well preserved, although the stratigraphic record is incomplete. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of sediments that contain cultural material provides a chronology dating from ca. 8.2 ka but shows one or more hiatuses from ca. 6–2 ka in the sedimentary succession. Intense morphogenesis related to arid climates likely caused gaps in sedimentation, affecting the integrity and resolution of the archaeological record. This study helps explain mid-Holocene archaeological discontinuities throughout central Argentina and highlights the importance of considering taphonomic and geologic biases when dealing with the absence or reduction of the archaeological record in dryland regions.
Mormonism's First Bad Girl: Lucy Harris and the Gendering of Faith and Doubt in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Authors: Newell Quincy D. , Patterson Sara M. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTWhy has Lucy Harris been blamed for the loss of 116 pages of the Book of Mormon manuscript? Analysis of storytelling about Lucy Harris, Mormonism's first “bad girl,” allows us to see the creation of one element of the Latter-day Saint chain of memory. Through the accretion of stories about Lucy Harris, church members came to code doubt as feminine in Mormon memory while viewing the concept of witness as masculine. These understandings of the relationship between gender and religious faith are embedded understandings in the Latter-day Saint chain of memory. Preserving the memory and reputation of Martin Harris, Lucy's husband, scribe for the Book of Mormon, and one of its three witnesses, allowed Latter-day Saints to cement the intersections of masculinity, priesthood, and witness. Church members used stories about Lucy Harris to teach, discipline, and perform gender norms for future generations of Mormons.
Australian retirement village residents: wellbeing profiles and factors associated with low wellbeing
Authors: Joe Angela , Dickins Marissa , Cyarto Elizabeth V. , Lowthian Judy A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe characteristics of Australian retirement village residents, an under-researched population, are not well understood. Knowledge of their wellbeing and modifiable factors associated with low wellbeing would aid in the introduction of health promotion measures and supports to facilitate healthy ageing-in-place. A novel approach utilising latent class analysis (LCA), a statistical method not previously employed to study this population, was undertaken to analyse cross-sectional survey data from 871 participants aged ≥65 years from retirement villages in Queensland, Australia. LCA identified latent, i.e. unobserved, underlying and often difficult to measure, groups within this population based on the responses of individuals to multiple observed variables. Survey participants were divided into groups, each with a distinct profile associated with a wellbeing state, as determined by responses to questions about physical health, unplanned hospitalisations, cognitive health and social connectedness. Multinomial logistic regression explored the relationship between modifiable health and lifestyle characteristics and membership of a particular wellbeing group. The median age of participants was 82 years (interquartile range = 76–88). While 69.0 per cent reported good to excellent health, polypharmacy was evident with 45.6 per cent of participants taking five or more prescription medications. In the previous 12 months, 33.3 per cent had experienced one or more falls and 30.6 per cent an unplanned hospitalisation. Distinct profiles were identified for three wellbeing groups: high (57.7% of participants), moderate (20.6%) and low wellbeing (21.7%). Injurious falls, limited ability to prepare meals and debilitating pain were associated with the moderate and low wellbeing groups. Physical activity significantly lowered the probability of a retirement village resident being in the low wellbeing group. Our findings highlight falls prevention, maintaining adequate nutrition, pain management and regular physical activity as actions that may optimise wellbeing, mitigate functional decline and support the independence of retirement village residents into later years of life.
Where neoliberalism and neoconservatism meet: the inception and reception of a Model Music Curriculum for English Schools
Authors: Young Susan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNeoliberalism and neoconservatism are two political ideologies that currently shape state directives for education in many countries. In this article, I describe the confluence of neoliberal and neoconservative ideologies that led to the introduction, by the English state department for education, of a Model Music Curriculum for schools. I describe how neoliberalism has transformed the music education ‘ecology’ in England and created an environment that was receptive to the introduction of a curriculum on neoconservative principles. I consider the current position of progressive music education and why it seems unable to mount a sufficiently persuasive challenge. I make a case for the importance of analysis that explicitly focuses on political ideologies and their present-day rhetoric and discourses. Finally, I point to the general early years sector in England as an illustration for how to respond to state interventions in curriculum that might be emulated by the music education sector.
Random amenable C*-algebras
Authors: JACELON BHISHAN 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhat is the probability that a random UHF algebra is of infinite type? What is the probability that a random simple AI algebra has at mostkextremal traces? What is the expected value of the radius of comparison of a random Villadsen-type AH algebra? What is the probability that such an algebra is$\mathcal{Z}$-stable? What is the probability that a random Cuntz–Krieger algebra is purely infinite and simple, and what can be said about the distribution of itsK-theory? By constructing$\mathrm{C}^*$-algebras associated with suitable random (walks on) graphs, we provide context in which these are meaningful questions with computable answers.
Welche Motive für körperliche Aktivität verfolgen jüngere und ältere Personen bei der Nutzung von Aktivitätstrackern?
Authors: Estorff Isabell , Notthoff Nanna 
Published: April 2023

Zusammenfassung: Das Aktivitätsniveau ist vor allem im höheren Erwachsenenalter recht niedrig. Aktivitätstracker stellen eine Möglichkeit dar, diesem Trend entgegenzuwirken und zu einem gesundheitsförderlichen, aktiven Lebensstil zu motivieren. In dieser Studie wird untersucht, inwiefern sich die Motive für körperliche Aktivität bei der Nutzung von Aktivitätstrackern zwischen jungen und älteren Erwachsenen unterscheiden. 337 Personen (jüngere: 27 ± 4.2 Jahre, ältere: 62 ± 6.6 Jahre, 58 % Frauen) nahmen dazu an einer Online-Befragung teil. Erfasst wurde die Zustimmung zu vier übergeordneten Motivausprägungen für körperliche Aktivität bei der Nutzung eines Aktivitätstrackers (soziale Unterstützung, Wissenserwerb zur Selbstoptimierung, Gesunderhaltung und Prävention, Gamification). Anders als angenommen, verfolgen ältere Menschen nicht signifikant stärker Motive der sozialen Unterstützung als jüngere Erwachsene. Bei der Entwicklung von Technologien zum Aktivitätstracking für ältere Menschen erscheint es sinnvoll, das Aufzeichnen der Daten an die eher gesundheitlichen Bedürfnisse dieser Altersgruppe anzupassen, da die Gesunderhaltung als bedeutsamstes Motiv hervorging.
Sex difference in evolution of cognitive decline: studies on mouse model and the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network cohort
Authors: Kommaddi Reddy Peera , Verma Aditi , Muniz-Terrera Graciela , Tiwari Vivek , Chithanathan Keerthana , Diwakar Latha , Gowaikar Ruturaj , Karunakaran Smitha , Malo Palash Kumar , Graff-Radford Neill R. , Day Gregory S. , Laske Christoph , Vöglein Jonathan , Nübling Georg , Ikeuchi Takeshi , Kasuga Kensaku ,   the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN), Ravindranath Vijayalakshmi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWomen carry a higher burden of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) compared to men, which is not accounted entirely by differences in lifespan. To identify the mechanisms underlying this effect, we investigated sex-specific differences in the progression of familial AD in humans and inAPPswe/PS1ΔE9mice. Activity dependent protein translation and associative learning and memory deficits were examined inAPPswe/PS1ΔE9mice and wild-type mice. As a human comparator group, progression of cognitive dysfunction was assessed in mutation carriers and non-carriers from DIAN (Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network) cohort. FemaleAPPswe/PS1ΔE9mice did not show recall deficits after contextual fear conditioning until 8 months of age. Further, activity dependent protein translation and Akt1-mTOR signaling at the synapse were impaired in male but not in female mice until 8 months of age. OvariectomizedAPPswe/PS1ΔE9mice displayed recall deficits at 4 months of age and these were sustained until 8 months of age. Moreover, activity dependent protein translation was also impaired in 4 months old ovariectomizedAPPswe/PS1ΔE9mice compared with sham femaleAPPswe/PS1ΔE9mice. Progression of memory impairment differed between men and women in the DIAN cohort as analyzed using linear mixed effects model, wherein men showed steeper cognitive decline irrespective of the age of entry in the study, while women showed significantly greater performance and slower decline in immediate recall (LOGIMEM) and delayed recall (MEMUNITS) than men. However, when the performance of men and women in several cognitive tasks (such as Wechsler’s logical memory) are compared with the estimated year from expected symptom onset (EYO) we found no significant differences between men and women. We conclude that in familial AD patients and mouse models, females are protected, and the onset of disease is delayed as long as estrogen levels are intact.