bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluorescent Guided Sentinel Lymph Mapping of the Oral Cavity with Fluorescent‐Labeled Tilmanocept
Authors: Guo Theresa , Jang Sophie S. , Ogawa Ryotaro , Davis Morgan , Ashworth Edward , Barback Christopher V. , Hall David J. , Vera David R. 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveWith the shift toward utilization of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in oral cavity cancer, improved techniques for intraoperative sentinel node identification are needed. This study investigates the feasibility of fluorescently labeled tilmanoscept in SLNB in an oral cancer rabbit model.MethodsAn animal study was designed using 21 healthy male New Zealand rabbits. Gallium‐68‐labeled tilmanocept labeled with IRDye800CW was injected submucosally into the buccal mucosa (n = 6) or lateral tongue (n = 7) followed by PET imaging. One hour after injection, SLNB was performed using fluorescence imaging followed by a bilateral neck dissection and sampling of non‐nodal surrounding tissue. All tissues were measured for radioactivity and fluorescence. In addition, eight rabbits were injected with delayed SLNB performed 48 h after injection.ResultsBuccal injections all had ipsilateral SLN drainage and tongue injections exhibited 18.2% contralateral drainage. An average of 1.9 ± 1.0 SLN (range 1–5) were identified. In addition, an average of 16.9 ± 3.3 non‐sentinel lymph nodes were removed per animal. SLNs had an average of 0.69 ± 0.60 percent‐of‐injected dose (%ID) compared with non‐sentinel nodes with 0.012 ± 0.025 %ID and surrounding tissue with 0.0067 ± 0.015 %ID. There was 98.0% agreement between sentinel lymph nodes identified using fluorescence compared to radioactivity with Cohen's kappa coefficient of 0.879. In 48‐h delayed SLNB, results were consistent with 97.8% agreement with radioactivity and Cohen's Kappa coefficient of 0.884. Fluorescence identified additional lymph nodes that were not identified by radioactivity, and with one false negative.ConclusionFluorescent‐labeled Tc‐99 m‐tilmanocept represents a highly accurate adjunct to enhance SLNB for oral cavity cancer.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 134:1299–1307, 2024
Decision‐Making in the Treatment of Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis: A Survey of Laryngologists
Authors: Razura Diego E. , Bensoussan Yael , Lui Christopher G. , Johns Michael M. , Reder Lindsay , Gelbard Alexander , O'Dell Karla 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveIdiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) is a rare condition involving the subglottic larynx and upper trachea, commonly affecting Caucasian females between 30 and 50 years of age. Despite its homogeneous presentation, clinical management for iSGS is yet to be standardized, leading to variability in outcomes between predominant interventions. In recognition of the heterogenicity in iSGS treatment and the need to improve patient outcomes, this study aimed to survey laryngologists to understand the factors influencing clinical decision‐making and the incorporation of new treatment modalities for iSGS.MethodsAn online survey was sent to 145 academic laryngologists. The survey assessed respondents' professional backgrounds, experience treating iSGS, treatment algorithms, and how various patient factors affect management.ResultsOf the 87 (60%) laryngologists who responded to the survey, the most common clinical assessments were tracheoscopy/bronchoscopy (96.8%) and pulmonary function tests (43.6%). Endoscopic dilation (ED) was the most common primary treatment offered (97.5%): 28.7% of surveyed laryngologists offer SISI as a primary treatment, and 74.7% perform SISI as a planned postoperative treatment. The most common SISI protocol was repeated injections every 4–6 weeks for a series of 1–3 total injections. Notably, 9.2% perform the Maddern procedure. Routine algorithms of care involving surgery were most often based on prior experience and prior patient outcomes (75.9%) and conversations with colleagues (64.4%). Only 31% report using the same protocol learned during their fellowship training.ConclusionThis survey highlights significant variation in the management of patients with iSGS. Understanding the factors that influence decision‐making may lead to potential standardization in heterogeneous treatment approaches and may improve clinical outcomes.Level of Evidence5 Laryngoscope, 134:865–872, 2024
Multimodel simulations revealed strong spatial heterogeneity in temperature‐, photoperiod‐ and moisture‐driven modes of autumn phenology in Northern Hemisphere grasslands (25° N–55° N)
Authors: Li Yating , Ren Shilong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAutumn phenology plays a critical role in regulating growing season length and matter and energy exchanges in terrestrial ecosystems. The climate‐driven mechanism of the grassland autumn phenology process and its spatial distribution patterns at the hemispheric scale are, however, still poorly understood. In this study, we employed 17 existing and modified models to simulate the satellite‐derived end‐of‐season (EOS) over northern mid‐latitude grasslands (25° N–55° N), aiming to determine how grassland autumn phenology responds to individual and combined changes in low temperature, photoperiod, and water supply. The results showed that the prediction accuracy of EOS based on models driven by daily minimum temperature is slightly superior to that of the counterparts forced by daily average temperature. The model modified with water content as a regulatory factor of leaf senescence rate determined by low temperature and photoperiod performed best (root‐mean‐square error, 10.4 days; correlation coefficient, 0.38) on average. The autumn phenology process in 68.4% of grassland areas was better simulated by the models that incorporated water conditions. Spatially, optimal models jointly forced by low temperature, photoperiod, and water supply occupied 61.4% of the North American grasslands, 58.5% of the Central‐West Asian grasslands, and 42.1% of the Mongolian grasslands. Grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau were primarily forced by the associated effects of low temperature and photoperiod. Further analysis revealed that low temperature‐photoperiod driven models and low temperature‐photoperiod‐moisture driven models were mostly distributed in relatively hotter and wetter grasslands, while optimal models forced solely by low temperature were largely concentrated in those grassland areas with cooler and drier autumn. Overall, this study highlights the complex patterns and spatial heterogeneity of environmental control on autumn phenology in the Northern Hemisphere grasslands, which could shed light on global grassland development investigation.
Factors influencing maternal death surveillance and review implementation in Dodoma City, Tanzania. A qualitative case study
Authors: Rumbeli Nelson M. , August Furaha , Silvestri Valeria , Sirili Nathanael 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundWith 295 000 maternal deaths in 2017, 94% in low‐ and middle‐income countries, maternal death is a matter of global public health concern. To address it, Maternal Death Surveillance and Response (MDSR) strategy was introduced in 2013 by the World Health Organization. With a reported maternal mortality ratio of 556:100000 per live births, Tanzania adopted the strategy in 2015. Studies are needed to understand factors influencing the implementation of MDSR in this specific setting.Aims and ObjectivesThe study aimed to assess the processes influencing MDSR implementation in Dodoma city council.MethodsA qualitative case study was conceptualized according to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, focusing on implementation process domain. Members of MDSR committees were enrolled by purposeful sampling in the five health centres in Dodoma where the strategy was fully implemented and functional. In‐depth interviews were conducted with key informants concerning the implementation processes influencing MDSR. Saturation was reached with the 15th respondent. Qualitative inductive content analysis was used to analyse data.ResultsThe inclusiveness in participatory planning process, stakeholders’ readiness and accountability and collective learning were acknowledged as factors positively influencing the implementation of MDSR strategy by respondents. The interaction and alignment of influential factors were essential for successful implementation.ConclusionsMDSR implementation is positively influenced by factors that interact and converge in the building of a learning health system, to increase knowledge through practice and improve practice through knowledge. Further studies are needed to analyse the influence of additional factors at different levels of implementation to fully understand and empower the MDSR implementation network, and to better target the goal of closing the knowledge to practice loop.
Melasma treatment with a 1064 nm, picosecond‐domain laser with a fractionated multibeam lens array
Authors: Bernstein Eric F. , Basilavecchio Lisa D. , Wang Jenny 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPicosecond‐domain lasers have been fitted with fractionated optics for dermal remodeling. This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of a multiwavelength picosecond‐domain laser, using a 1064 nm multibeam lens array, for improving the appearance of melasma.Study Design/Materials and MethodsTwenty adults with a clinical diagnosis of melasma were enrolled and received 4 monthly 1064‐nm, 450 ps laser treatments delivered with a 10 × 10 fractional array of 150 µm microbeams. Cosmetic units with melasma were treated with fluences ranging from 1.7 to 2.9 mJ/microbeam with a repetition rate of 6 Hz. Treatment effect was evaluation of digital images by dermatologists blinded as to the treatment conditions, comparing baseline and 3‐ and 8‐month post‐treatment images. Modified melasma area and severity index (mMASI) scores were determined by the study investigator based on clinical photography. Subject self‐assessment of treatment effects was also recorded.ResultsBlinded reviewers correctly identified the post‐treatment image in 16 of the 20 image sets (80%). Ratings demonstrated statistically significant (p < 0.001) improvement on an 11‐point scale at both the 3‐ and 8‐month timepoints for a mean improvement of 3.7 point (range −8 to 10) or 37% improvement at the 3‐month follow‐up, and 2.7 (range −8 to 9) or 27% at the 8‐month follow‐up for all subjects. The average mMASI score showed highly significant reduction at both the 3‐ and 8‐month follow‐ups compared to baseline (p < 0.01). Most subjects (90%) were satisfied with the treatment outcome in melasma at both follow‐ups, which is consistent with the treatment outcome and mMASI scores.ConclusionThe fractionated, picosecond‐domain, 1064 nm laser is safe and effective for improving melasma and should be considered as an adjunct to topical treatment regimens and sun‐protection for management of melasma.
Approximate isomorphism of metric structures
Authors: Hanson James E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe give a formalism for approximate isomorphism in continuous logic simultaneously generalizing those of two papers by Ben Yaacov [2] and by Ben Yaacov, Doucha, Nies, and Tsankov [6], which are largely incompatible. With this we explicitly exhibit Scott sentences for the perturbation systems of the former paper, such as the Banach‐Mazur distance and the Lipschitz distance between metric spaces. Our formalism is simultaneously characterized syntactically by a mild generalization of perturbation systems and semantically by certain elementary classes of two‐sorted structures that witness approximate isomorphism. As an application, we show that the theory of any ‐tree or ultrametric space of finite radius is stable, improving a result of Carlisle and Henson [8].
Synthesis and Conformational Behaviors of Unnatural Peptides Alternating Chiral and Achiral α,α‐Disubstituted α‐Amino Acid Units
Authors: Takeuchi Nanami , Taniguchi Masataka , Kato Yuki , Takata Riko , Osaka Issey , Nakajima Noriyuki , Hamada Masahiro , Koyama Yasuhito 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe development of peptidomimetics to modulate the conformational profile of peptides has been extensively studied in the fields of biological and medicinal chemistry. However, large‐scale synthesis of peptidomimetics with both an ordered sequence and a controlled secondary structure is highly challenging. In this paper, the framework of peptidomimetics has been designed to be alternating an achiral α,α‐disubstituted α‐amino acid unit and a chiral α‐methylphenylalanine unit. The polymers are synthesized via invented Ugi reaction‐based polycondensation technique. The chiral higher‐order structures of the alternating peptides are evaluated mainly through circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The UV–Vis and CD spectra of the polymers in three solvents are systematically measured at various temperatures. The anisotropic factors of CD (gCD) values are calculated to know the chiroptical response. The results indicate the characteristic conformational behaviors. In a polar solvent, the hydrogen bonds between the N‐H group of MePhe unit and the C=O of α,α‐diphenylglycine unit outweigh the intraresidue hydrogen bonds in α,α‐diphenylglycine unit, leading to the formation of a prevailing preferred‐handed 310‐helical conformation. On the other hand, in a less polar solvent, the intrachain hydrogen bonds switch to intraresidue hydrogen bonds in α,α‐diphenylglycine unit, which make the polymer adopting a prevailing extended planar C5‐conformation.
Media freedom, information and communication technology infrastructure, and foreign direct investment inflows
Authors: Liu Wenjing , Wang Jiang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn an era of globalization, attracting foreign capital inflows remains a significant concern among nations. This paper aims to examine the individual and joint effects of media freedom and information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure on foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows. Utilizing a panel dataset of FDI inflows from 144 countries worldwide from 2003 to 2016 for our empirical analysis, we find that media freedom significantly increases FDI inflows. Interestingly, ICT infrastructure plays an essential moderating role in this relationship. When ICT infrastructure is underdeveloped, the expected impact of media freedom may not materialize; however, as the level of ICT infrastructure improves, the positive effect of media freedom becomes increasingly significant. Hence, we argue that a free media and robust ICT infrastructure are complementary in attracting FDI. Our study not only fills a crucial gap in the literature by examining their joint effect but also provides insightful implications for host countries looking to attract foreign investment. This work thus significantly contributes to understanding the complex relationships among media freedom, ICT infrastructure levels, and FDI inflows at the national level.
An exploration of actigraphy in the context of ketamine and treatment‐resistant depression
Authors: Punturieri Claire , Duncan Wallace C. , Greenstein Dede , Shandler Gavi , Zarate Carlos A. , Evans Jennifer W. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study explored the potential of non‐parametric and complexity analysis metrics to detect changes in activity post‐ketamine and their association with depressive symptomatology.MethodsIndividuals with treatment‐resistant depression (TRD: n = 27, 16F, 35.9 ± 10.8 years) and healthy volunteers (HVs: n = 9, 4F, 36.4 ± 9.59 years) had their activity monitored during an inpatient, double‐blind, crossover study where they received an infusion of ketamine or saline placebo. All participants were 18–65 years old, medication‐free, and had a MADRS score ≥20. Non‐parametric metrics averaged over each study day, metrics derived from complexity analysis, and traditionally calculated non‐parametric metrics averaged over two weeks were calculated from the actigraphy time series. A separate analysis was conducted for a subsample (n = 17) to assess the utility of these metrics in a hospital setting.ResultsIn HVs, lower intradaily variability was observed within daily rest/activity patterns post‐ketamine versus post‐placebo (F = 5.16(1,15), p = 0.04). No other significant effects of drug or drug‐by‐time or correlations between depressive symptomatology and activity were detected.ConclusionsWeak associations between non‐parametric variables and ketamine were found but were not consistent across actigraphy measures.Clinical Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00088699.
Self‐gated cine phase‐contrast balanced SSFP flow quantification at 0.55 T
Authors: McGrath Charles , Bieri Oliver , Kozerke Sebastian , Bauman Grzegorz 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeTo implement cine phase‐contrast balanced SSFP (PC‐bSSFP) for low‐field 0.55T cardiac MRI by exploiting the intrinsic flow sensitivity of the bSSFP slice‐select gradient and the in‐plane phase‐cancelation properties of radial trajectories, enabling self‐gated and referenceless PC‐bSSFP flow quantification at 0.55 T.MethodsA free‐running, tiny golden‐angle radial PC‐bSSFP approach was implemented on 0.55T and 1.5T systems. Cardiac and respiratory self‐gating was incorporated to enable electrocardiogram‐free scanning during breath‐hold and free‐breathing. By exploiting the intrinsic in‐plane phase‐cancelation properties of radial acquisitions and background phase fitting, referenceless single‐point PC‐bSSFP was realized. In vivo data were acquired in the ascending aorta of healthy subjects at 0.55 T and 1.5 T during breath‐hold and free‐breathing. Flow data, SNR, and velocity‐to‐noise ratio were compared relative to data obtained with phase‐contrast spoiled gradient‐echo variants.ResultsVelocities acquired with PC‐bSSFP compared well with data from phase‐contrast spoiled gradient‐echo (RMSEv = 5.8 cm/s). PC‐bSSFP at 0.55 T resulted in high‐quality cine magnitude images and phase maps with sufficient SNR and velocity‐to‐noise ratio. Breath‐hold and free‐breathing PC‐bSSFP performed very similarly, with comparable flow quantification (RMSEv = 5.7 cm/s). Referenceless single‐point PC‐bSSFP results agreed well with two‐point PC‐bSSFP (−1.8 ± 5.2 cm/s) while reducing scan times 2‐fold.ConclusionPC‐bSSFP is feasible on low‐field 0.55T systems, producing high‐quality cine images while permitting simultaneous aortic flow measurements during breath‐hold and free‐breathing and without the need for electrocardiogram gating.
Ectopic lipid deposition in muscle and liver, quantified by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Buitinga Mijke , Veeraiah Pandichelvam , Haans Florian , Schrauwen‐Hinderling Vera B. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAdvances in the development of noninvasive imaging techniques have spurred investigations into ectopic lipid deposition in the liver and muscle and its implications in the development of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Computed tomography and ultrasound have been applied in the past, though magnetic resonance‐based methods are currently considered the gold standard as they allow more accurate quantitative detection of ectopic lipid stores. This review focuses on methodological considerations of magnetic resonance‐based methods to image hepatic and muscle fat fractions, and it emphasizes anatomical and morphological aspects and how these may influence data acquisition, analysis, and interpretation.
Trends in Response Rate to US News & World Report Best Hospitals Reputation Survey, 2015 to 2023
Authors: Xu Lucy J. , Rathi Vinay K. , Johns Michael M. , Agarwala Aalok V. , Varvares Mark A. , Naunheim Matthew R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractReputation score has been shown to be the strongest predictor of ranking in the US News & World Reports (USNWR) Best Hospitals report. However, the extent to which physicians participate in the underlying USNWR reputation survey is not well‐characterized. We conducted a retrospective cross‐sectional study of USNWR public methodology reports from 2015 to 2023 to characterize trends in physician response rates by specialty, region, and Doximity membership. Overall response rates declined between 2015 (24.0%) and 2023 (8.9%). In 2023, rates ranged from 4.7% (psychiatry) to 13.9% (otolaryngology). Otolaryngology had the highest response rate among all specialties between 2017 and 2023. Within otolaryngology, both response rates (25.0% to 13.9%) and count (2106 to 1724 physicians) declined between 2015 and 2023. Among Doximity members, response rates were consistently higher for otolaryngologists in the Northeast and Midwest compared to other regions. Though hospital rankings often influence where patients seek care, our findings suggest USNWR reputation scores may not be reliable or representative.
Finding the Potholes in Academic Career Pathways for Underrepresented Groups in Otolaryngology
Authors: Russel Sarah M. , Farzal Zainab , Ebert Charles , Buckmire Robert , DeMason Christine , Shah Rupali N , Frank‐Ito Dennis O. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess inequities in representation among ranks and odds of promotion by race in academic otolaryngology.Study DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingUS academic medical centers.MethodsDemographic data was collected for medical students, residents, and faculty in the Association of American Medical Colleges and Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education databases for the academic year 2020 to 2021. The rank equity index (REI) was used to make pairwise comparisons between ranks to determine groups' representation between levels. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) demonstrating the likelihood that an individual of a particular rank/race would advance in their academic career were determined.ResultsRepresentation comparing medical students with full professors for black, Latine, and Asian otolaryngologists was below parity (REI: 0.27, 0.85, 0.85, respectively). Black (OR: 0.20, CI: 0.15, 0.26), Latine (OR: 0.61, CI: 0.50, 0.75), and Asian (OR: 0.62, CI: 0.55, 0.71) medical students all faced lower odds of becoming otolaryngology residents compared to their white counterparts. Similar findings occurred when comparing resident and assistant professor representation. American Indian/Alaskan Native (AIAN) and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (NHPI) REIs and ORs could not be assessed as only 1 self‐reported AIAN and no NHPI faculty are present in the studied data.ConclusionUnderrepresented in Medicine and Asian physicians faced worsening representation at each rung of the academic otolaryngology ladder. The greatest losses occurred when medical students transitioned to residents and residents transitioned to assistant professors. AIAN and NH faculty were absent in otolaryngology, indicating vital targets for recruitment efforts.
Interaction of defects in disordered materials – Insights from a nonlinear decomposition of the nonaffine displacement field
Authors: Focks Tobias , Bamer Franz , Wu Zhao , Markert Bernd , Stamm Benjamin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we link the unique mechanical properties to structural aspects using a splitting method in order to disentangle nonlinear interactions of Stone–Wales defects as fundamental perturbations in a crystalline environment. We investigate the spatial features of the displacement field achieved by this splitting method and couple it to macroscopic material properties. The nonlinear interaction broadens the understanding of material failure at the onset of disorder and may also play a role in the emergence of the Boson peak.