bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative effects of soy protein concentrate, enzyme-treated soybean meal, and fermented soybean meal replacing animal protein supplements in feeds on growth performance and intestinal health of nursery pigs
Authors: Deng Zixiao , Duarte Marcos Elias , Kim So Young , Hwang Yunil , Kim Sung Woo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Soy protein supplements, with high crude protein and less antinutritional factors, are produced from soybean meal by different processes. This study evaluated the comparative effects of various soy protein supplements replacing animal protein supplements in feeds on the intestinal immune status, intestinal oxidative stress, mucosa-associated microbiota, and growth performance of nursery pigs.

Methods
Sixty nursery pigs (6.6 ± 0.5 kg BW) were allotted to five treatments in a randomized complete block design with initial BW and sex as blocks. Pigs were fed for 39 d in 3 phases (P1, P2, and P3). Treatments were: Control (CON), basal diet with fish meal 4%, 2%, and 1%, poultry meal 10%, 8%, and 4%, and blood plasma 4%, 2%, and 1% for P1, P2, and P3, respectively; basal diet with soy protein concentrate (SPC), enzyme-treated soybean meal (ESB), fermented soybean meal with Lactobacillus (FSBL), and fermented soybean meal with Bacillus (FSBB), replacing 1/3, 2/3, and 3/3 of animal protein supplements for P1, P2, and P3, respectively. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure in SAS 9.4.

Results
The SPC did not affect the BW, ADG, and G:F, whereas it tended to reduce (P = 0.094) the ADFI and tended to increase (P = 0.091) crypt cell proliferation. The ESM did not affect BW, ADG, ADFI, and G:F, whereas tended to decrease (P = 0.098) protein carbonyl in jejunal mucosa. The FSBL decreased (P < 0.05) BW and ADG, increased (P < 0.05) TNF-α, and Klebsiella and tended to increase MDA (P = 0.065) and IgG (P = 0.089) in jejunal mucosa. The FSBB tended to increase (P = 0.073) TNF-α, increased (P < 0.05) Clostridium and decreased (P < 0.05) Achromobacter and alpha diversity of microbiota in jejunal mucosa.

Conclusions
Soy protein concentrate, enzyme-treated soybean meal, and fermented soybean meal with Bacillus could reduce the use of animal protein supplements up to 33% until 7 kg body weight, up to 67% from 7 to 11 kg body weight, and entirely from 11 kg body weight without affecting the intestinal health and the growth performance of nursery pigs. Fermented soybean meal with Lactobacillus, however, increased the immune reaction and oxidative stress in the intestine consequently reducing the growth performance.
Borderline personality disorder features and their relationship with trauma and dissociation in a sample of community health service users
Authors: Fung Hong Wang , Wong Ming Yu Claudia , Lam Stanley Kam Ki , Wong Emily Nga Man , Chien Wai Tong , Hung Suet Lin , Lee Kun-Hua , Cui Jialiang , Ross Colin A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Previous studies have indicated that borderline personality disorder (BPD) is closely associated with trauma and dissociation. Nevertheless, BPD is a heterogeneous condition, and not all people with BPD have severe dissociation. This study examined whether the relationship of BPD features with trauma and dissociation would remain significant after controlling for some general non-specific mental health distress. We also made the first attempt to explore which specific BPD features would be particularly associated with dissociation.

Methods
We analyzed survey data from a sample of community health service users in Hong Kong (N = 376). Hierarchical multiple regression and data-driven network analysis were used.

Results
The lifetime prevalence of DSM-5 BPD was 16.0% in our sample. Of participants who met criteria for BPD, 43.3% scored above cutoff on the dissociation measures, thus possibly having clinically significant dissociative symptoms. BPD features were associated with adulthood trauma and psychoform dissociation even after controlling for age, depression and self-esteem. Network analysis showed that some BPD features – including impulsivity, identity disturbance and suicidal/self-mutilation behaviors – were particularly associated with dissociation; other BPD features such as interpersonal-related problems had relatively weak to no connection with dissociation.

Conclusions
Our results suggested that some particular BPD features might be dissociative in nature, although further longitudinal research is required. We argue that a trauma-informed perspective should be employed when working with clients presenting with BPD features despite these features being commonly stigmatized. Further research on the intervention needs of the people with BPD who suffer from high levels of dissociation is required.
Quadriceps handheld dynamometry during the post-ICU trajectory: using strictly the same body position is mandatory for repeated measures
Authors: Rousseau Anne-Françoise , Dardenne Nadia , Kellens Isabelle , Bornheim Stephen , Misset Benoit , Croisier Jean-Louis 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The level of quadriceps strength (QS) generated in the supine or seated position is not similar. For QS follow-up from intensive care unit (ICU) stay to recovery, getting comparable measures is essential. This study aimed to develop and validate new equations for estimating QS in a given position based on the measurement taken in another one.

Methods and results
Isometric QS was measured using a handheld dynamometer and a standardized protocol in a supine and in a seated position. In a first cohort of 77 healthy adults, two QS conversion equations were developed using a multivariate model integrating independent parameters such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and baseline QS. These equations were tested in two cohorts for external validation, using the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland–Altman graphical method. Only one was validated in the second cohort (62 different healthy adults): the ICC was 0.87 (95% CI 0.59–0.94) and the bias was − 0.49 N/Kg (limits of agreement: − 1.76–0.78 N/kg). However, this equation did not perform well in the third cohort (50 ICU survivors): the ICC was 0.60 (95% CI 0.24–0.78), and the bias was − 0.53 N/Kg (limits of agreement: − 1.01–2.07 N/kg).

Conclusions
As no conversion equation has been validated in the present study, repeated QS measurements should be performed strictly in the same standardized and documented position.
Safety and efficacy of cataract surgery performed with a low-energy femtosecond laser compared with conventional phacoemulsification in Chinese patients: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Zhou Kai-Jing , Huang Yusen , Wang Yong , Pan An-Peng , Shao Xu , Tu Rui-Xue , Yu A-Yong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
To compare the safety and efficacy of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) performed with the low-energy FEMTO LDV Z8 (Ziemer Ophthalmic Systems AG, Port, Switzerland) laser compared with conventional phacoemulsification (CP) in Chinese patients.

Methods
This prospective, multicenter, interventional study included 126 patients who were randomized (1:1) to undergo either FLACS or CP followed by intraocular lens (IOL) implantation between January 2019 and April 2020. The primary endpoint included the comparison of the endothelial cell loss (ECL) between the two groups at 3 months. Secondary endpoints included the comparison of cumulative dissipated energy (CDE), change in central corneal thickness (CCT) from baseline, and postoperative uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuities (UDVA and CDVA) in the two groups.

Results
At all postoperative time points, the FLACS group was found to be non-inferior to CP for the mean ECL (− 409.3 versus − 436.9 cells/mm2 at 3 months) and mean CDE (4.1 versus 4.5 percent-seconds). The increase in CCT was significantly lower in the FLACS group compared with the CP group at Day 7 (4.9 versus 9.2 µm; P = 0.04); however, the difference was not statistically significant at 1 and 3 months. Postoperatively, mean UDVA and CDVA were comparable between the two groups. No intraoperative complications occurred.

Conclusions
Cataract surgery performed with a low-energy femtosecond laser was non-inferior to CP; however, the FLACS group had a statistically significantly lower increase in CCT at Day 7 compared with CP.
Trial registration This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov on May 15, 2019, with trial registration number: NCT03953053.
Risk factors for thromboembolism during first-line treatment of patients with unresectable advanced or recurrent colorectal cancer: a retrospective short study
Authors: Takada Ryo , Fujiwara Miki , Maki Masatoshi , Takahashi Yoko , Tamura Koji 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
While cancer is a risk factor for developing thromboembolism, so is the use of molecularly targeted therapies. This study aimed to determine whether thromboembolism incidence differed between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor use in patients with unresectable advanced or recurrent colorectal cancer, and to compare the risk of thromboembolism caused by cancer and the use of molecular targeted therapy drugs.

Main body
We retrospectively evaluated patients with unresectable advanced or recurrent colorectal cancer who were treated with a cytotoxic anticancer drug and a VEGF or EGFR inhibitor combination between April 2016 and October 2021. Patients were compared in terms of the regimen administered, thromboembolism occurrence during the first-line treatment period, patient background, and clinical laboratory values. Of the 179 included patients, 12 of 134 (8.9%) in the VEGF-inhibitor group and 8 of 45 (17.8%) in the EGFR-inhibitor group developed thromboembolism, with no significant difference between the groups (P = 0.11). There was no significant difference in time to thromboembolism between patients in the VEGF- inhibitor group and patients in the EGFR-inhibitor group (P = 0.206). The cutoff value determined by a receiver operating characteristic analysis for the occurrence of thromboembolism was one point. Multivariate analysis using the occurrence of thromboembolism as the response variable identified at least one risk factor for thromboembolism (odds ratio = 4.17, P = 0.006, 95% confidence interval = 1.51–11.50). Molecular targeted therapies were not identified as a risk factor.

Conclusions
Although the small sample size, there was no difference in the incidence of thromboembolism between the two molecular-targeted therapies in first-line treatment of patients with unresectable advanced or recurrent colorectal cancer. Our results suggest that risk factors for thromboembolism may be more strongly influenced by cancer itself than by the use of molecularly targeted therapies.
Going online? Does transferring to online university increase the likelihood of graduation among students from lower social background?
Authors: Sánchez-Gelabert Albert , Elias Marina 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe increase in university participation has led to greater complexity in terms of students' trajectories, with the option of changing degree course or higher education institution or, more recently, the mode of study (face-to-face and online learning). These transitions can be strategic moves that facilitate greater continuity in educational trajectories and increase equity within the education system. Online universities offer greater flexibility in terms of time and location, providing new opportunities for students with specific profiles to pursue higher education. This article aims to delve into the complex trajectories of change and to analyse whether there are differences in educational outcomes based on students' social backgrounds. Using registry data from the Catalan university system (n = 42,370), we identify and characterise the trajectories of change and analyse the effect of the interaction between them and social origin on educational outcomes. The results indicate that students from lower social backgrounds and those who also work are most likely to transition to virtual education. However, social background continues to have an effect on the probability of graduating, dropping out or pursuing further studies.
Are our clone detectors good enough? An empirical study of code effects by obfuscation
Authors: Huang Weihao , Meng Guozhu , Lin Chaoyang , Yan Qiucun , Chen Kai , Ma Zhuo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractClone detection has received much attention in many fields such as malicious code detection, vulnerability hunting, and code copyright infringement detection. However, cyber criminals may obfuscate code to impede violation detection. To date, few studies have investigated the robustness of clone detectors, especially in-fashion deep learning-based ones, against obfuscation. Meanwhile, most of these studies only measure the difference between one code snippet and its obfuscation version. However, in reality, the attackers may modify the original code before obfuscating it. Then what we should evaluate is the detection of obfuscated code from cloned code, not the original code. For this, we conduct a comprehensive study evaluating 3 popular deep-learning based clone detectors and 6 commonly used traditional ones. Regarding the data, we collect 6512 clone pairs of five types from the dataset BigCloneBench and obfuscate one program of each pair via 64 strategies of 6 state-of-art commercial obfuscators. We also collect 1424 non-clone pairs to evaluate the false positives. In sum, a benchmark of 524,148 code pairs (either clone or not) are generated, which are passed to clone detectors for evaluation. To automate the evaluation, we develop one uniform evaluation framework, integrating the clone detectors and obfuscators. The results bring us interesting findings on how obfuscation affects the performance of clone detection and what is the difference between traditional and deep learning-based clone detectors. In addition, we conduct manual code reviews to uncover the root cause of the phenomenon and give suggestions to users from different perspectives.
Value of next-generation sequencing in inherited arrhythmia syndromes
Authors: Kim Min Jae , Kim You Ri , Lee Ki Hong , Yoon Namsik , Park Hyung Wook 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Genetic studies are clinically recommended in some cases of inherited arrhythmia syndromes. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) would be helpful because of its high analytical throughput and relative speed. This study aimed to assess the mutation-detection yield obtained by NGS compared with conventional Sanger sequencing method.

Methods
Patients with aborted sudden cardiac death and their families who underwent gene sequencing tests for inherited arrhythmia syndromes were retrospectively and enrolled in this study from 2017 to 2022 at Chonnam National University Hospital. We evaluated NGS study results of 17 patients (NGS group) and Sanger study results of 19 patients (Sanger group).

Results
64.7% of NGS and 94.7% of Sanger group were probands. Type 1 Brugada pattern ECG was more frequent in NGS group (64.7% vs. 21.1%; p = 0.007). BrS was the most common disorder in NGS group (76.5%), and idiopathic ventricular fibrillation was the most common one in Sanger group (63.2%). Mutations with uncertain significance were the most common ones in NGS group (89.5%), and pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutations were the most common ones in Sanger group (45.7%). When positive yield was defined as the ratio of pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutations that were detected by sequencing, the yields were 10.5% and 45.7% in NGS and Sanger groups, respectively. The NGS arrhythmia panel did not cover two inherited arrhythmia-related mutations (RYR1, APOA5) that were detected by the Sanger method. The extended NGS arrhythmia panel was able to detect 84.8% of inherited arrhythmia-related mutations that were detected in Sanger group.

Conclusions
NGS study has some limitations in obtaining the full genetic data of probands. Well-designed NGS panels are needed to increase the efficiency of the NGS study. With the well-designed panels, large-scale gene sequencing can efficiently and rapidly be applied in real clinical practices, especially in inherited fatal arrhythmia syndromes that have a high detection yield in genetic analyses.
Assistive technology: opportunities for societal inclusion of persons with disabilities and independence of the elderly
Authors: Rehan Youssef Aliaa , Morsy Ahmed 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAssistive technology (AT) development worldwide aims to enhance the quality of life for persons with disabilities and elderly, yet its development and commercialization may face challenges. This collection aims at obtaining a better understanding of the hurdles that various stakeholders may face in the successful development and commercialization of AT.
Improved performance of machine learning models in predicting length of stay, discharge disposition, and inpatient mortality after total knee arthroplasty using patient-specific variables
Authors: Zalikha Abdul K. , Court Tannor , Nham Fong , El-Othmani Mouhanad M. , Shah Roshan P. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to compare the performance of ten predictive models using different machine learning (ML) algorithms and compare the performance of models developed using patient-specific vs. situational variables in predicting select outcomes after primary TKA.

Methods
Data from 2016 to 2017 from the National Inpatient Sample were used to identify 305,577 discharges undergoing primary TKA, which were included in the training, testing, and validation of 10 ML models. 15 predictive variables consisting of 8 patient-specific and 7 situational variables were utilized to predict length of stay (LOS), discharge disposition, and mortality. Using the best performing algorithms, models trained using either 8 patient-specific and 7 situational variables were then developed and compared.

Results
For models developed using all 15 variables, Linear Support Vector Machine (LSVM) was the most responsive model for predicting LOS. LSVM and XGT Boost Tree were equivalently most responsive for predicting discharge disposition. LSVM and XGT Boost Linear were equivalently most responsive for predicting mortality. Decision List, CHAID, and LSVM were the most reliable models for predicting LOS and discharge disposition, while XGT Boost Tree, Decision List, LSVM, and CHAID were most reliable for mortality. Models developed using the 8 patient-specific variables outperformed those developed using the 7 situational variables, with few exceptions.

Conclusion
This study revealed that performance of different models varied, ranging from poor to excellent, and demonstrated that models developed using patient-specific variables were typically better predictive of quality metrics after TKA than those developed employing situational variables.

Level of Evidence
III.
Grains production in high climate change impacted regions and its potential for the supply of critical nutrients for humans nutritional well being
Authors: Souho Tiatou , Bomboma Damipie , Compaoré Ella W. R. , Essowèréou Abel Abli , Ouadja Batcha , Kabassina Marcelle , Pilo Mikemina , Epse Yao Rebecca Rachel Assa , Amouzou Kou’santa Sabiba 
Published: July 2023

AbstractClimate change affects most remarkably Savannah regions in ways that alter agricultural productivity. In addition, these regions are marked by high prevalence of malnutrition and mortality related to undernourishment in children under 5 years old. One of the most promising solutions to sustainably fight malnutrition is to design programs that will consider locally produced foods and production approaches that protect the soil. The present study was designed to evaluate the nutritional quality of grains produced in the Savannah in order to provide data that will be used to make recommendations for nutrition and sustainable farming. Farmers in the Savannah region in Togo were interviewed about their productions and their produced grains were sampled for biochemical characterization. All producers exploit family lands and mainly produce grains. More than 98% of producers breed poultry by only at the family level. Biochemical characterization of the sampled foods shows that pulses present a relative high level of sand, fatty matters and proteins. Results show that both cereals and pulses contain sufficient energy, fatty matters, vitamins and minerals that are necessary for human wellbeing. Foods formulations could be made especially for children under food substitution. In addition, pulses production is encouraged for sustainable soil preservation.
Graphical abstract
Self-esteem and assertiveness in medical students in Casablanca, Morocco
Authors: Hamraoui Yousra , Attouche Nadia , Housbane Samy , Agoub Mohamed 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Self-esteem is a determining factor of good mental health. Medical students need assertiveness in interpersonal interactions with colleagues, patients, and families. This study aims to assess self-esteem and assertiveness in medical students in Casablanca, Morocco; the relationship between these two concepts, on the one hand, and with anxiety and depression on the other hand.

Materials and methodology
A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine in Casablanca, Morocco. The study used an anonymous self-questionnaire that included Rosenberg Scale and Rathus Scale in order to assess self-esteem and assertiveness, respectively, and HADS Scale to assess depression and anxiety.

Results
A percentage of 54% of students in our study showed low-to-very low-self-esteem and 70% of students were not assertive. We found a strong relationship between self-esteem and assertiveness (p <0.001), self-esteem and depression (p <0.001), self-esteem and anxiety (p <0.001), assertiveness and depression (p <0.001), and assertiveness and anxiety (p <0.001).

Conclusions
Globally, self-esteem and assertiveness of Moroccan medical students were low in more than half of the students. Moreover, there was a significant relation between these concepts, on the one hand, and between them and anxiety and depression on the other hand. Students need to be valued and their efforts recognized during their studies. Therapeutic strategies should be used when necessary.
Comparative efficacy of micro-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (m-ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) as a neonatal septic screening marker—a single-center, retrospective observational study
Authors: Arun Babu Thirunavukkarasu , Shankaralingappa Arundhathi , Vijayadevagaran Vijayasankar , Sharmila Vijayan , Kalidoss Vinoth Kumar 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome characterized by signs and symptoms of infection with or without accompanying bacteremia in neonatal period. Most of neonatal sepsis-related morbidity and mortality can be prevented by early diagnosis and treatment with appropriate antimicrobial agents. Micro-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (m-ESR) is a simple, inexpensive, and rapid screening test for neonatal sepsis that can be done even in resource limited setups.

Objectives
To compare the efficacy of m-ESR with C-reactive protein (CRP) as a screening tool in neonatal sepsis.

Methodology
A retrospective chart-based analysis was done in division of neonatology, of our tertiary care hospital over a period of 21 months. A total of 202 suspected cases of neonatal sepsis with documented CRP and micro-ESR values were included. We evaluated the role of micro-ESR as a screening tool in neonatal sepsis in comparison with CRP. The validity and reliability of micro-ESR in comparison to CRP were estimated and its sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive value to diagnose sepsis were calculated.

Results
There was a significant correlation between micro-ESR and CRP with a moderate degree of agreement, especially in ‘late onset sepsis’ group. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of micro-ESR were 67%, 84%, 58%, and 89% respectively.

Conclusion
Micro-ESR is a simple, inexpensive test comparable to CRP in screening for neonatal sepsis.