bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) agonists for psychosis: protocol for a living systematic review and meta-analysis of human and non-human studies.
Authors: Siafis Spyridon , McCutcheon Robert , Chiocchia Virginia , Ostinelli Edoardo G. , Wright Simonne , Stansfield Claire , Juma Damian Omari , Mantas Ioannis , Howes Oliver D. , Rutigliano Grazia , Ramage Fiona , Tinsdeall Francesca , Friedrich Claire , Milligan Lea , Moreno Carmen , Elliott Julian H. , Thomas James , Macleod Malcolm R. , Sena Emily S. , Seedat Soraya , Salanti Georgia , Potts Jennifer , Cipriani Andrea , Leucht Stefan ,   the GALENOS team
Published: August 2023

Background: There is an urgent need to develop more effective and safer antipsychotics beyond dopamine 2 receptor antagonists. An emerging and promising approach is TAAR1 agonism. Therefore, we will conduct a living systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize and triangulate the evidence from preclinical animal experiments and clinical studies on the efficacy, safety, and underlying mechanism of action of TAAR1 agonism for psychosis. Methods: Independent searches will be conducted in multiple electronic databases to identify clinical and animal experimental studies comparing TAAR1 agonists with licensed antipsychotics or other control conditions in individuals with psychosis or animal models for psychosis, respectively. The primary outcomes will be overall psychotic symptoms and their behavioural proxies in animals. Secondary outcomes will include side effects and neurobiological measures. Two independent reviewers will conduct study selection, data extraction using predefined forms, and risk of bias assessment using suitable tools based on the study design. Ontologies will be developed to facilitate study identification and data extraction. Data from clinical and animal studies will be synthesized separately using random-effects meta-analysis if appropriate, or synthesis without meta-analysis. Study characteristics will be investigated as potential sources of heterogeneity. Confidence in the evidence for each outcome and source of evidence will be evaluated, considering the summary of the association, potential concerns regarding internal and external validity, and reporting biases. When multiple sources of evidence are available for an outcome, an overall conclusion will be drawn in a triangulation meeting involving a multidisciplinary team of experts. We plan trimonthly updates of the review, and any modifications in the protocol will be documented. The review will be co-produced by multiple stakeholders aiming to produce impactful and relevant results and bridge the gap between preclinical and clinical research on psychosis.
«wORKPLACE wELL-BEING» CONCEPT AS A PART OF MODERN CORPORATE HR MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS
Authors: Zaharov D. , Kashtanova YEkatyerina 
Published: August 2023

This article discusses the essence and features of the formation of one of the modern corporate programs for personnel management — workplace well-being concept (WPWBC). It is noted that the main goal of this concept is to increase the level of well-being of personnel, their deep and productive involvement in the company’s activities. The main components that affect the productivity of workers from the position of the WPWBC are considered. These are programs that affect: physical and psychological health , a comfortable working environment, financial well-being and professional growth. The essence of these components and the advanced directions of their development are analyzed. The relationship between the theory of justice and WPWBC is shown. The theory of distributive justice is based on the belief that employees become demotivated towards their job and their employer if they believe that their contribution is greater than what they receive as a result of their work in the organization. According to this theory, finding a fair balance between what employees contribute and what they receive in the organization serves the purpose of ensuring a strong and productive relationship between the organization and the employee.
LABOR POTENTIAL: RULES FOR EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EMPLOYEES OF THE ENTERPRISE
Authors: Ashurbekov R. , Chernikova Ya. , Tverdola N. 
Published: August 2023

The labor potential of employees is an important component of the development of any enterprise. Evaluation of the effectiveness of employees is necessary to be able to withstand crisis situations and requires the adoption of appropriate strategic decisions to increase the labor potential of employees of the organization. Labor potential is a combination of organizational, personnel, professional and qualification labor potential, which, if developed, have a noticeable impact on production efficiency indicators. That is, we can say that the labor potential can be measured by the number of products that can be produced with the most effective combination of workers’ labor with the material resources at the disposal of the organization. There is a problem of evaluating the effectiveness of the company’s employees. It should involve determining the current state of the personnel status, comparing the assessment of the level of personal capabilities, including its intellectual and physical properties and opportunities for self-improvement in the course of work, as well as analyzing the labor potential of employees of an enterprise or organization.
«SOFT SKILLS» OF AN HR MANAGER: REQUEST IN THE LABOR MARKET AND FORMATION IN AN EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Hoholeva E. , Lysenko E. , Ovsyannikova D. , Firyukova A. , Yumatova A. 
Published: August 2023

Active economic transformations based on the dynamic change of the economic structure of the last decades of society’s development inevitably lead to the emergence of new professions that require the design and development of new competencies. Professionals combining hard and soft skills are scarce, and the need for them will only increase. The article considers the essence of the concept of soft skills, analyzes their typologies. The study, the purpose of which was to analyze the demand for soft skills in the labor market in the area of human resource management and the correspondence of higher school students’ ideas about soft skills in the field of HR management to the employer’s vision, revealed the need for constant monitoring of changes in the dynamics of soft skills and taking these changes into account when designing educational programs that will most contribute to their formation along with professional hard skills.
Benefits and disadvantages of drinking different types of tea – awareness of people based on anonymous surveys
Authors: Grużewska-Piotrowska Kinga , Pająk Monika , Hubka Joanna , Grużewska Agnieszka , Wcisło Wojciech 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Tea comes from ancient China and it is obtained from the leaves of the plant known as Camellia sinensis. It can be distinguished six categories of the tea: white, green, yellow, black, oolong, pu-erh (dark, fermented) depending on the complex production processes. Tea contains various bioactive ingredients that have beneficial effects on health. In addition, tea drinking is considered safe for humans as severe side effects from ingestion of tea infusion or extract are rarely observed.
The aim of the study: The aim of the study was to assess the level of knowledge among people about bioactive ingredients, different types of tea, health benefits, safety issues and disadvantages of drinking tea based on anonymous surveys.
Materials and methods: The research material was collected using an anonymous survey in June 2023. The obtained results were analyzed and verified on the basis of scientific literature and statistically processed using Microsoft Office Excel.
Discussion and conclusions: 97% of respondents drink tea, and 59.3% of people reach for it every day. The most commonly consumed type is green tea. 58.6% of respondents believe that tea may have health properties, and 80.9% believe that tea is not harmful to health. Tea contains numerous bioactive ingredients, including: polyphenols, polysaccharides, aminoacids, alkaloids, saponins, enzymes, minerals. They are responsible for a number of functions affecting human health, including: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, anti-cancer, cardiovascular, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity and liver-protective properties. In tea, the bioavailability of active ingredients depends on the method of brewing, but also on the type of tea. Despite the many benefits, attention should be paid to the contamination of tea with heavy metals, pesticides and mycotoxins, and to excessive consumption of substances such as caffeine, as they can cause side effects observed in studies.
The magnitude of chronic diabetes complications and its associated factors among diabetic patients attending the general hospitals in Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Berhe Kalayou K. , Mselle Lilian T. , Gebru Haftu B. 
Published: August 2023

Background
Diabetes is a severe challenge to global public health since it is a leading cause of morbidity, mortality, and rising healthcare costs. 3.0 million Ethiopians, or 4.7% of the population, had diabetes in 2021. Studies on the chronic complications of diabetes in Ethiopia have not been conducted in lower-level healthcare facilities, so the findings from tertiary hospitals do not accurately reflect the issues with chronic diabetes in general hospitals. In addition, there is a lack of information and little research on the complications of chronic diabetes in Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to assess the degree of chronic diabetes complications and associated factors among diabetic patients presenting to general hospitals in the Tigray area in northern Ethiopia.

Methods
As part of a multi-centre cross-sectional study, 1,158 type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients from 10 general hospitals in the Tigray region were randomly chosen. An interviewer-administered questionnaire, a record review, and an SPSS version 20 analysis were used to collect the data. All continuous data were presented as mean standard deviation (SD), while categorical data were identified by frequencies. Using a multivariable logistic regression model, the factors associated with chronic diabetes complications among T2D diabetic patients were found, and linked factors were declared at p 0.05.

Results
Fifty-four of people with diabetes have chronic problems. Hypertension (27%) eye illness, renal disease (19.1%), and hypertension (27%) eye disease were the most common long-term effects of diabetes. Patients with chronic diabetes complications were more likely to be older than 60, taking insulin and an OHGA (Oral Hyperglycemic Agent) (AOR = 3.00; 95% CI 1.73, 5.26), having diabetes for more than five years, taking more than four tablets per day (AOR = 1.63; 95% CI 1.23,2.15), and having high systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Patients with government employment (AOR = 0.48; 95% CI 0.26, 0.90), antiplatelet drug use (AOR = 0.29; 95% CI 0.16, 0.52), and medication for treating dyslipidemia (AOR = 0.54; 95% CI 0.35, 0.84), all had a decreased chance of developing a chronic diabetes problem.

Conclusion
At least one chronic diabetic complication was present in more than half of the patients in this study. Chronic diabetes problems were related to patients’ characteristics like age, occupation, diabetes treatment plan, anti-platelet, anti-dyslipidemia medicine, duration of diabetes, high Systolic BP, high Diastolic BP, and pill burden. To avoid complications from occurring, diabetes care professionals and stakeholders must collaborate to establish appropriate methods, especially for individuals who are more likely to experience diabetic complications.
Evaluation of hematological parameters alterations in different waves of COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Charostad Javad , Rezaei Zadeh Rukerd Mohammad , Shahrokhi Azadeh , Aghda Faezeh Afkhami , ghelmani Yaser , Pourzand Pouria , Pourshaikhali Sara , Dabiri Shahriar , dehghani Azam , Astani Akram , Nakhaie Mohsen , Kakavand Ehsan 
Published: August 2023

Background
The occurrence of variations in routine hematological parameters is closely associated with disease progression, the development of severe illness, and the mortality rate among COVID-19 patients. This study aimed to investigate hematological parameters in COVID-19 hospitalized patients from the 1st to the 5th waves of the current pandemic.

Methods
This cross-sectional study included a total of 1501 hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 based on WHO criteria, who were admitted to Shahid Sadoughi Hospital (SSH) in Yazd, Iran, from February 2020 to September 2021. Throughout, we encountered five COVID-19 surge waves. In each wave, we randomly selected approximately 300 patients and categorized them based on infection severity during their hospitalization, including partial recovery, full recovery, and death. Finally, hematological parameters were compared based on age, gender, pandemic waves, and outcomes using the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests.

Results
The mean age of patients (n = 1501) was 61.1±21.88, with 816 (54.3%) of them being men. The highest mortality in this study was related to the third wave of COVID-19 with 21.3%. There was a significant difference in all of the hematological parameters, except PDW, PLT, and RDW-CV, among pandemic waves of COVID-19 in our population. The highest rise in the levels of MCV and RDW-CV occurred in the 1st wave, in the 2nd wave for lymphocyte count, MCHC, PLT count, and RDW-SD, in the 3rd wave for WBC, RBC, neutrophil count, MCH, and PDW, and in the 4th wave for Hb, Hct, and ESR (p < 0.01). The median level of Hct, Hb, RBC, and ESR parameters were significantly higher, while the mean level of lymphocyte and were lower in men than in women (p < 0.001). Also, the mean neutrophil in deceased patients significantly was higher than in those with full recovered or partial recovery (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The findings of our study unveiled notable variations in hematological parameters across different pandemic waves, gender, and clinical outcomes. These findings indicate that the behavior of different strains of the COVID-19 may differ across various stages of the pandemic.
Declarative Sub-Operators for Universal Data Processing
Authors: Jungmair Michael , Giceva Jana 
Published: August 2023

Data processing systems face the challenge of supporting increasingly diverse workloads efficiently. At the same time, they are already bloated with internal complexity, and it is not clear how new hardware can be supported sustainably.
In this paper, we aim to resolve these issues by proposing a unified abstraction layer based on declarative sub-operators in addition to relational operators. By exposing this layer to users, they can express their non-relational workloads declaratively with sub-operators. Furthermore, the proposed sub-operators decouple the semantic implementation of operators from the efficient imperative implementation, reducing the implementation complexity for relational operators. Finally, through fine-grained automatic optimizations, the declarative sub-operators allow for automatic morsel-driven parallelism. We demonstrate the benefits not only by providing a specific set of sub-operators but also implementing them in a compiling query engine. With thorough evaluation and analysis, we show that we can support a richer set of workloads while retaining the development complexity low and being competitive in performance even with specialized systems.
Improving the Gender Balance Among Directors of Listed Companies in the EU
Authors: Birkmose Hanne S. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

166In November 2022 the Council and the European Parliament adopted Directive (EU) 2022/2381 on improving the gender balance among directors of listed companies and related measures. Thus, by 30 June 2026, European Member States must ensure that large, listed companies reach the Directive’s gender balance objectives. Gender balance is achieved when members of the underrepresented sex hold at least 40% of non-executive director positions or members of the underrepresented sex hold at least 33% of all director positions, including both executive and non-executive directors. To achieve gender balance Member States must set up a procedure for selecting candidates for appointment or election to director positions. Although the article finds that quotas are the best model to bring about a real improve to gender balance on company boards, it questions whether the model, the Commission has chosen will achieve the objective of the Directive. However, the article also finds that it is likely to have a positive effect in the Member States that has been lagging behind. Moreover, the article criticizes that the Directive does not openly address the company law implications of the established procedure, and finds that the application of principles of equal treatment in top-management positions place the Directive in an unclear position between employment matters and company law.167
Loyalty Voting Rights in Belgium: Nothing More than a Control-Enhancing Mechanism?
Authors: Declercq Steven , Delvoie Jeroen , Monnens Theo , Vos Tom 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

27In 2019, Belgium joined the European trend and allowed listed companies to adopt loyalty voting rights, i.e. double voting rights for shareholders who have held their shares for more than two years. The stated goals were to combat short-termism by rewarding long-term shareholders and to encourage IPOs by allowing founders to retain control over the corporation with a smaller participation. Our paper analyzes these rationales from a conceptual perspective, describes the Belgian legal framework for loyalty voting rights, and presents novel empirical evidence on the use of loyalty voting rights in Belgium. We argue that the Belgian legal framework is designed to favour controlling shareholders and other insiders. In addition, our empirical data supports the view that loyalty voting rights mainly function as a control-enhancing mechanism, as loyalty voting rights are almost exclusively used by insiders. This is not necessarily a problem, in our view, as controlling shareholders may be able to help combat the short-termism problem where it would exist. However, loyalty voting rights also increase the incentives for insiders to extract private benefits of control by creating a wedge between cash flow rights and voting rights. We find that this wedge in our Belgian sample has been on average 11 percentage points. In addition, our evidence finds that the votes of insiders were often sufficient to adopt loyalty voting rights, and that non-insiders on average vote against loyalty voting rights. This highlights the risk of making it too easy to introduce loyalty voting rights in the midstream. The arguments for allowing loyalty voting rights are the strongest when they are introduced at the IPO stage, but so far, none of the Belgian corporations with loyalty voting rights have introduced them at the IPO. We conclude that loyalty voting rights are nothing more than a control enhancing mechanism. This raises the questions: why not allow other types of control enhancing mechanisms, such as dual class share structures? And why not treat the midstream introduction of loyalty voting rights with a similar level of protection as the midstream introduction of dual class share structures? We fail to see the policy reasons for this wide divergence.28
Symposium Discussion Report: Classes of Shares, Social Entrepreneurship and Overall Belgian Company Law Reform
Authors: Schiepers Ellen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

162During the second morning session three topics were highlighted. Like in the first session they all concerned Belgian law but were also of interest to the European academic community. Marieke Wyckaert discussed classes of shares, Sofie Cools addressed corporate law for social entrepreneurship and finally Hans De Wulf made an overall assessment of the Belgian company law reform.
16th ECFR-Symposium Discussion Report: EU Listing Act and Gender Quota in the Board
Authors: Knaier Ralf 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

199The first part of the afternoon session of the 16th annual ECFR Symposium in Leuven focused on current topics of European Company and Financial Law. The discussion following the presentations by Rüdiger Veil and Marc Wiesner as well as Hanne Søndergaard Birkmose dealt mainly with questions of ad hoc publicity and insider trading with regard to the EU Listing Act as well as details on the design of a gender quota in boards.
Towards a Framework for Effective Regulatory Supervision of Sustainability Governance in Accordance with the EU CSDD Directive. A Comparative Study
Authors: de Kluiver Harm-Jan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

203This article emphasizes that the wave of regulation focusing on sustainability, like the CSDDD, is fundamentally different in scope and character from traditional rulemaking. Given the wide-ranging objectives of the CSDDD and its open norms, companies and supervisory authorities will need to cooperate and have open and fair discussions to develop alternative instruments and best practices taking account of what can be reasonably required from companies in addressing complex issues in an even more complex world also in terms of feasibility and resources. This is fully in line with the CSDDD which explicitly recognizes that companies will have to balance diverging interests, and – as set out in Articles 6-8 CSDDD – will inevitably need to make choices and prioritize actions. Where traditionally regulatory supervisors focus on strict compliance, the CSDDD marks a fundamental change to process rules and goals to be achieved and therefore calls for a fundamentally different approach and oversight strategy by supervisory authorities. It is also demonstrated that extending liability rules for companies is not an effective policy instrument. This article compares developments in the UK, France, Germany, Norway and the Netherlands, and by identifying the lessons learned, concludes that a strategy as set out above seems best fit to realise the ambitious goals set by the CSDDD. Therewith a paradigm shift is in the making. Governments and regulatory supervisors would misinterpret the signs of the times if, in promoting the purposes of the CSDDD, they were to cling to traditional ideas of how supervisors should operate.204
An Introduction to and Evaluation of the 2019 Belgian Companies Act – Preparing for the Previous War?
Authors: De Wulf Hans 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

109This article discusses some aspects of the completely new Companies Act (“BCCA”) adopted in Belgium in 2019. Even though the reform touched upon all aspects of company law and all company types, its main goal was to roll back Belgian goldplating of EU company law Directives and to turn the hitherto very rigid Belgian private company into a very flexible, contractual vehicle with little mandatory law applicable to it, except for rules on creditor protection. As part of this reform, the concept of legal capital (not just minimum capital requirements) was abolished for the private company. In order to allow a Belgian company to better compete in the light vehicle competition, Belgium moved from the real seat doctrine to the incorporation theory. For public companies, the main reform was probably the introduction of loyalty shares, which (so far) did not succeed in attracting more listings to the Brussels stock market, but did allow existing controlling shareholders to cement their control with a smaller stake than before. The reform was very successful in increasing legal certainty about many issues about which no authoritative case law exists. But in a way, the reform fought the last war (the light vehicle competition) while arguably not enough attention was paid to enabling venture capital and private equity contracting and the capital structures that go with these investments.110