bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transformation of Translation Education as an Important Stage of Its Modernization in the Conditions of the New Era of China
Authors: Day Huey , Kan Inan' 
Published: March 2023

Introduction. This article examined the main tasks of Chinese translation education in the new era, analyzed the problems it faces, put forward ideas about the need to transform translation education for the training of qualified personnel. The relevance of the research was determined by the importance of forming the image of China as a state with a centuries-old history, outstanding culture and science, possessing powerful resources, which could not be done without the development of intercultural communication, which was facilitated by a developed system of translation education.
Aim. The goal is to analyze the current state of translation education in China and outline ways to develop this industry.
Methodology and research methods. The authors are based on the analysis and generalization of the experience of teaching foreign languages in China, as well as by the method of included observation and systematic description of methodological processes.
Results. The authors come to the conclusion that the transformation of translation education should provide for a change in the goals of training translation personnel (it is necessary to move from the model of training universal translators to the model of training specialists of a narrow professional orientation) and requirements for the training of translation personnel (it is advisable to subordinate the requirements to the logic of competence-based training); transformation of the model of teaching translation (it is important to move from teacher orientation to the integrated development of translation technologies and translation education) and the transformation of the teaching staff (it is necessary to develop a system of continuous professional development, more actively introduce technological advances in teaching practice).
Practical significance. The implementation of the provisions of this study will make it possible to bring translation education in China to a level that meets the challenges of the time and is characterized by close and intensive social interaction in various fields of activity.
Resistencia y retroceso (backlash) contra las sentencias de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos: Estudio de 11 casos de reacciones de los Estados a la autoridad del tribunal y la recusación de jueces en el caso “Bedoya Lima”
Authors: Arévalo Ramírez Walter , Rousset Siri Andrés 
Published: March 2023

El presente artículo busca analizar conductas de resistencia y retroceso (backlash) contra las sentencias de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, sus efectos en la autoridad del tribunal y los medios elegidos por los Estados para oponerse a la Corte IDH. El artículo propone una adecuación al Sistema Interamericano de las categorías analíticas de resistencia y retroceso (backlash), usadas para analizar otros tribunales internacionales, que dé cuenta de la licitud o ilicitud de las conductas que se oponen a la eficacia del Sistema, desde los derechos y prerrogativas que tienen los Estados en la Convención Americana. Posteriormente el artículo estudia 11 casos de oposición al sistema interamericano y los clasifica según la licitud de los medios utilizados por los Estados, que van desde abusar de derechos procesales hasta invocar indebidamente sus normas constitucionales frente a la obligatoriedad de sus compromisos internacionales. Finalmente, el artículo analiza la licitud, procedibilidad y efectos de los actos de recusación de jueces realizados recientemente por la representación de Colombia en el caso “Bedoya Lima” y propone categorizarlos según sus consecuencias en la autoridad del sistema interamericano.
Palabras clave (ESP): Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, recusación de jueces, eficacia, autoridad, obligatoriedad, tribunales internacionales, resistencia, retroceso.
On the Douglas–Rachford Algorithm for Solving Possibly Inconsistent Optimization Problems
Authors: Bauschke Heinz H. , Moursi Walaa M. 
Published: March 2023

More than 40 years ago, Lions and Mercier introduced in a seminal paper the Douglas–Rachford algorithm. Today, this method is well-recognized as a classic and highly successful splitting method to find minimizers of the sum of two (not necessarily smooth) convex functions. Whereas the underlying theory has matured, one case remains a mystery: the behavior of the shadow sequence when the given functions have disjoint domains. Building on previous work, we establish for the first time weak and value convergence of the shadow sequence generated by the Douglas–Rachford algorithm in a setting of unprecedented generality. The weak limit point is shown to solve the associated normal problem, which is a minimal perturbation of the original optimization problem. We also present new results on the geometry of the minimal displacement vector. Funding: The research of H. H. Bauschke and W. M. Moursi was partially supported by Discovery Grants of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [Grants RGPIN-2018-03703 and RGPIN-2019-04803], respectively.
Responses of Swine Carcasses Continuously Exposed to 43°C Inside a Small-Scale Finishing Room
Authors: Weyer Sara E. , Ramirez Brett C. , Andersen Daniel Steven , Smith Benjamin 
Published: March 2023

Highlights

Carcass and room temperatures, as well as CO, CO2, O2, and NH3, were continuously monitored.

NH3 release was approximately half when carcass leachate was removed from the shallow pit.

Gompertz and logistic models fit data well for daily carcass mass reduction and leachate production.

Abstract. A catastrophic mortality event for swine would present numerous challenges with the management and disposal of infected carcasses. This study explored a new strategy for biosecure in-barn processing of swine carcasses as an alternative to traditional management and disposal approaches. A small-scale, mobile laboratory with two discovery rooms (DRs), replicating a swine finishing facility, was constructed to execute tests of in-barn disposal methods. Carcasses were desiccated by subjection to heat at a room air temperature of 43°C (110°F) for 16 days. Three carcasses (average = 82 kg, SE=1.27 kg) were elevated over individual leachate collection systems in DRA, thereby removing leachate from the room. Three carcasses in DRB were placed on concrete slats with cumulative leachate collection in the pit below. Environmental data were collected for DR, outdoor, and slat temperatures; and CO2, CO, O2, and NH3 gas concentrations. Carcasses were characterized by rectal and shoulder temperature monitoring and daily weighing of carcasses and leachate in DRA. The air exchange rate for this unventilated system was quantified based on wind and thermal-driven infiltration. Room environments were compared for thermal performance and gas levels. Carcass temperatures were compared, and data suggested no significant impact of flooring material on internal carcass temperature. Gompertz and logistic models were fit to leachate production data and carcass mass reduction data. Ammonia generation rates were found to have a peak production rate of 96.5 g AU-1 day-1 (15.8 g animal-1 day-1) in DRA and 120 g AU-1 day-1 (19.7 g animal-1 day-1) in DRB. Over the study, the generation of NH3 in DRB (360 g) was nearly twice that of DRA (182 g) due to leachate removal. Further quantification and qualification of in-barn management strategies will better define biosecure disposal approaches in the event of a catastrophic mortality event. Keywords: Ammonia, Catastrophic event, Disposal, Foreign animal disease, Mortality management, Pig.
The Expression of Evidentiality in Spoken and Written Texts: Empirical Approaches to Romance Languages
Authors: Sentí i Pons Andreu 
Published: March 2023

Evidentiality is a grammatical category that encodes information source as its primary meaning. The information can be: acquired through direct perception, reported by others (hearsay) or inferred by the speaker upon considering the information that is available. Languages with an evidential grammatical category have morphemes with a primary evidential value (Aikhenvald 2004). Nevertheless, Romance languages, like many other languages, have a tense- modal system and lack an evidential grammatical category, instead of which several lexical units or certain constructions convey information source. This special issue is devoted to some of those items, such as modal adverbs, evidential meanings developed from tenses such as the conditional, and certain (semi)grammaticalized markers using SAY-verbs and SEE-verbs. These evidential strategies are good examples of the lexical-grammatical continuum (Cornillie 2007b, Squartini 2008, Pietrandrea 2007, Diewald & Smirnova 2010).
Current evidences of the efficacy of mosquito mass-trapping interventions to reduce Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus populations and Aedes-borne virus transmission
Authors: Jaffal Ali , Fite Johanna , Baldet Thierry , Delaunay Pascal , Jourdain Frédéric , Mora-Castillo Ronald , Olive Marie-Marie , Roiz David 
Published: March 2023

Background
Over the past decades, several viral diseases transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes—dengue, chikungunya, Zika—have spread outside of tropical areas. To limit the transmission of these viruses and preserve human health, the use of mosquito traps has been developed as a complement or alternative to other vector control techniques. The objective of this work was to perform a systematic review of the existing scientific literature to assess the efficacy of interventions based on adult mosquito trap to control Aedes population densities and the diseases they transmit worldwide.

Methods and findings
Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic review was conducted using the PubMed and Scopus databases. Among the 19 selected papers, lethal ovitraps were used in 16 studies, host-seeking female traps in 3 studies. Furthermore, 16 studies focused on the control of Ae. aegypti. Our review showed great heterogeneity in the indicators used to assess trap efficacy: e.g., the number of host-seeking females, the number of gravid females, the proportion of positive containers, the viral infection rate in female mosquitoes or serological studies in residents. Regardless of the type of studied traps, the results of various studies support the efficacy of mass trapping in combination with classical integrated vector control in reducing Aedes density. More studies with standardized methodology, and indicators are urgently needed to provide more accurate estimates of their efficacy.

Conclusions
This review highlights gaps in the demonstration of the efficacy of mass trapping of mosquitoes in reducing viral transmission and disease. Thus, further large-scale cluster randomized controlled trials conducted in endemic areas and including epidemiological outcomes are needed to establish scientific evidence for the reduction of viral transmission risk by mass trapping targeting gravid and/or host-seeking female mosquitoes.
Hepatocellular carcinoma presentation and prognosis among Nigerian adults with and without HIV
Authors: Davwar Pantong M. , Okeke Edith , Duguru Mary , Nyam David , Bell Kristen , Odeghe Emuobor A. , Oyeleke Ganiat , Lesi Olufunmilayo A. , Singh Revika , Kim Kwang-Youn , Imade Godwin , Akanmu Alani S. , Sagay Atiene S. , Ogunsola Folasade T. , Peters Marion G. , Roberts Lewis R. , Hou Lifang , Murphy Robert L. , Hawkins Claudia A. 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an increasing cause of mortality in Nigeria among persons with HIV (PLH), as access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) improves. In this study we describe clinical, radiological, and laboratory characteristics in Nigerian adults with HCC, with and without HIV, and examine how HIV impacts survival.MethodsThis prospective observational study was conducted between August 2018 and November 2021 at two Nigerian hospitals [Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) and Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH)]. Subjects ≥18 years with HCC diagnosed according to American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) criteria were included. Baseline characteristics were compared, and Kaplan-Meier curves were generated to estimate survival.Results213 subjects [177 (83%) without HIV and 36 (17%) with HIV (PLH)] were enrolled. Median age was 52 years (IQR 42,60) and most subjects were male (71%). 83% PLH were on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity was similar between the two groups [91/177 (51%) without HIV vs. 18/36 (50%) with HIV; p = 0.86]. 46/213 (22%) subjects had active hepatitis C (anti-HCV+/HCV RNA>10 IU/mL). Cirrhosis was more common in PLH but there were no other significant differences in clinical and tumor characteristics between the groups. Overall, 99% subjects were symptomatic and 78% in late-stage HCC. Median overall survival was significantly shorter in PLH vs. without HIV (0.98 months vs 3.02 months, HR = 1.55, 95%CI 1.02, 2.37, p = 0.04). This association was not significant after adjusting for known risk factors including gender, current alcohol use, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), albumin, and total bilirubin (HR = 1.38, 95%CI 0.84, 2.29, p = 0.21).ConclusionHCC presented late with an extremely poor overall prognosis, highlighting the urgent need for more intensive surveillance in Nigeria to diagnose HCC at earlier stages. Early diagnosis and management of viral hepatitis, and access to HCC therapies, could prevent early mortality among persons with HCC, especially among PLH.
Comparing the structure-function relationship between the visual fields measured with variational Bayes linear regression and SITA standard
Authors: Asaoka Ryo , Murata Hiroshi , Fujino Yuri , Aoki Shuichiro , Hirasawa Kazunori , Shoji Nobuyuki 
Published: March 2023

Purpose
We recently constructed an algorithm to measure visual field (VF) using the variational Bayes linear regression (VBLR). This algorithm enabled a faster VF measurement than the Swedish interactive thresholding algorithm (SITA) standard while maintaining the test-retest reproducibility (Murata H, et al. Br J Ophthalmol 2021). The current study aimed to compare the structure-function relationship between the SITA standard and VBLR.

Method
In 78 eyes of 56 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, VF measurements were conducted using both SITA standard and VBLR VF, as well as spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. The structure-function relationship was investigated between visual sensitivity and circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer in the whole VF. This analysis was repeated for each of the 12 sectors (30 degrees). The strength of the structure-function relationship was evaluated using the second-order bias-corrected Akaike Information Criterion (AICc) index.

Result
In the whole VF, AICc values of SITA standard and VBLR were 601.6 and 597.3, respectively. The relative likelihood that VBLR had a better structure-function relationship than the SITA standard was 88.2% (when the entire field was averaged) or 99.9% (when all test points were analyzed in the pointwise manner). With the sector-wise analysis, SITA standard had a better structure-function relationship than VBLR in 1 sector (Superior sector in the retina), whereas VBLR had a better structure-function relationship than SITA standard in 4 sectors (Supero-Nasal, Infero-Nasal, Inferior, and Infero-Temporal sectors) with >95% relative likelihood.

Conclusion
Although it depends on locations and similar between SITA standard and VBLR-VF, but VBLR-VF had a better structure-function relationship than the SITA standard overall.
Preschool Curriculum System Innovation in the Philippines and Indonesia
Authors: Nur Cahyati Ngaisah  , Firman Priyo Suhasto  , Kulsum Nur Hayati  
Published: March 2023

The curriculum system in education becomes one of the identities of various countries. The Philippines and Indonesia have different curricula from multiple factors in realizing the nation's ideals, to educate generations who are experts in their fields. The purpose of this research is to find out the curriculum innovations applied in the educational process both domestically and abroad, one of them is the Philippines which possesses excellence in various educational programs. This research uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method that uses secondary data from multiple national and international journal articles. As for the data analysis technique, it uses qualitative analysis techniques in a deductive way from discussing the preschool education system converging into the curriculum used in the Philippines and Indonesia. The findings from this study are that the education system in Indonesia has almost the same quality as foreign countries. The Philippines designed the K-12 curriculum implemented in preschool by developing various aspects of child development to prepare the child to enter primary school. While in Indonesian curriculum prepares children with disabilities in cognitive development so that they ignore other developments because several elementary school institutions require children to be able to read, write and count.
Abstrak
Sistem kurikulum dalam pendidikan menjadikan salah satu identitas dari berbagai negara. Filipina dan Indonesia memiliki kurikulum yang berbeda dari berbagai faktor dalam mengujudkan cita-cita bangsa, untuk mencerdaskan generasi-generasi yang ahli dibidang kemampuannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui inovasi kurikulum yang digunakan dalam proses pendidikan baik di dalam negeri maupun luar negeri, salah satunya yaitu negara Filipina yang memiliki keunggulan diberbagai program pendidikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi pustaka yang menggunakan data sekunder dari berbagai artikel jurnal nasional dan internasional. Sedangkan untuk teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik analisa kualitatif dengan cara deduktif dari pembahasan sistem pendidikan prasekolah merucut kedalam kurikulum yang digunakan di negara Filipina dan Indonesia. Temuan dari penelitian ini bahwa sistem pendidikan di Indonesia memiliki kualitas yang hampir sama dengan kurikulum mancanegara. Filipina merancang kurikulum K-12 yang diterapkan prasekolah dengan mengembangkan berbagai aspek perkembangan anak untuk mempersiapkan anak ke jenjang Sekolah Dasar. Dan Indonesia untuk mempersiapkan anak terfokus pada perkembangan kognitif sehingga mengabaikan perkembangan yang lain karena beberapa lembaga Sekolah Dasar yang menuntut anak sudah bisa membaca, menulis dan berhitung.
Application of machine learning approach in emergency department to support clinical decision making for SARS-CoV-2 infected patients
Authors: Casano Nicolò , Santini Silvano Junior , Vittorini Pierpaolo , Sinatti Gaia , Carducci Paolo , Mastroianni Claudio Maria , Ciardi Maria Rosa , Pasculli Patrizia , Petrucci Emiliano , Marinangeli Franco , Balsano Clara 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
To support physicians in clinical decision process on patients affected by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in areas with a low vaccination rate, we devised and evaluated the performances of several machine learning (ML) classifiers fed with readily available clinical and laboratory data. Our observational retrospective study collected data from a cohort of 779 COVID-19 patients presenting to three hospitals of the Lazio-Abruzzo area (Italy). Based on a different selection of clinical and respiratory (ROX index and PaO2/FiO2 ratio) variables, we devised an AI-driven tool to predict safe discharge from ED, disease severity and mortality during hospitalization. To predict safe discharge our best classifier is an RF integrated with ROX index that reached AUC of 0.96. To predict disease severity the best classifier was an RF integrated with ROX index that reached an AUC of 0.91. For mortality prediction the best classifier was an RF integrated with ROX index, that reached an AUC of 0.91. The results obtained thanks to our algorithms are consistent with the scientific literature an accomplish significant performances to forecast safe discharge from ED and severe clinical course of COVID-19.
People Want Optimal Deterrence – Just a Little Bit
Authors: Kłusek Michał 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPsychological studies of punitive intuitions demonstrate that the economic theory of optimal deterrence is fundamentally counterintuitive. We punish in response to the moral blameworthiness of the crime with little regard for the consequences. But it is less clear whether optimal deterrence is acceptable. When the law is not accepted by the community it governs, its crime control efficiency suffers. If optimal deterrence is wholly unacceptable, then it is counterproductive as a guide to penal policy. I administered an online survey to university students to examine the acceptability of different applications of optimal deterrence theory. The participants rejected nearly all of the applications, with the sole exception of an increase in punishment severity on the general policy level. They were also more willing to accept smaller, rather than bigger, changes of punishment severity; and increases, rather than decreases of punishment. The results suggest penal policy may be slightly adjusted in the direction suggested by economic analysis of criminal law without a major loss to the law’s moral credibility – especially if the adjustment involves an increase in punishment magnitude.
Chlorogenic acid alleviated testicular inflammation and apoptosis in tunicamycin induced endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Komeili–Movahhed Tahereh , Heidari Fatemeh , Moslehi Azam 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeChlorogenic acid (CA) is a polyphenolic compound, found in many herbs and foods including coffee, berries and potatoes. Anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer and anti-apoptotic effects of CA have been proven in many tissues. Testicular inflammation and apoptosis are essential factors in male infertility that could result from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. ER stress leads to unfolding and misfolding of nascent proteins and thereby provokes cellular inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. This study was designed to assess the effects of CA on ER stress-induced testis inflammation and apoptosis.MethodsTo do this, male mice were divided into six groups. The control, vehicle and CA groups received saline, DMSO and 50 mg kg−1 CA. Tunicamycin (TM (was injected to induce ER stress (TM group). In the CA20-TM and CA50-TM groups, 20 mg kg−1 CA and 50 mg kg−1 CA were administered one hour before TM injection. After thirty hours, animals were sacrificed and testes were removed. Hematoxylin & eosin staining, ELISA assay and real-time PCR were performed.ResultsCA administration significantly downregulated gene expression of TNFα, IL6, P53, Bax/Bcl2 ratio and caspase3. It also reduced testis levels of ALP, NF-κB, TNFα and caspse3. Finally, CA relieved structural changes in seminiferous tubules.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that the positive effects of CA on the attenuation of ER-stress induced inflammation and apoptosis might be due to the inhibition of NF-κB and thereby suppression of inflammatory and apoptotic pathways.