bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison in Pursuit of “The Masterworks of Information Architecture”: Learning from James Joyce's Ulysses and Richard Saul Wurman's The City, Form and Intent
Authors: Klyn Dan 
Published: September 2023

EDITOR'S SUMMARYIn a search for classic works on information architecture, Joyce's Ulysses and Richard Saul Wurman's The City, Form and Intent are each compared internally across different versions and considered in terms of content, context and user. Each author modified readers' experiences through changes in the content and physical form of their works. Wurman's 1963 work, a loose‐leaf collection reflecting architecture through clay models of cities, was redone in 1974 with the same content but different physical presentation. Joyce's Ulysses was marked by variations across versions, with omissions, additions and typographic errors carried inconsistently through editions, leaving the author's intended meaning ambiguous. The context of Wurman's work was the very early stage in the author's career. The context of production of Ulysses involved composition, editing, publishing, correction and republishing across multiple channels, making consideration of the totality of the editions key to understanding the information architecture of the work. Users of Wurman's original print work exalted it, while users of a 2014 spin‐off web project see it from a different perspective. Similarly, the user experience for Ulysses varies widely, depending largely on which edition is read. The analysis and internal comparison of the two works highlight the importance of both content knowledge and technical skill throughout any information architecture project. Whether they will serve as masterworks for the field remains an open question.
Metabolite profiling of a high protein fast neutron soybean mutant revealed increased storage of methionine and flavonoids
Authors: Islam Nazrul , Krishnan Hari B. , Jones Janice C. , Natarajan Savithiry 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this study, we used mass spectrometry (MS)‐based techniques to assess the metabolic profile of fast neutron–radiated soybean (Glycine max) seeds that had higher protein content. This mutant showed 1743 gene duplication compared to its non‐mutated counterpart. The metabolic profiling of soybean seeds identified 629 metabolites, of which 95 exhibited increased abundance and 127 exhibited decreased abundance in the mutant. The mutant showed an increase in several sulfur (S)‐containing metabolites, such as S‐methymethionine, methionine, and cysteine. Additionally, several secondary metabolites, such as cosmosiin and apigenin, increased significantly. The integration of metabolomics data and the duplicated genes on the global metabolic pathways revealed several duplicated genes on glycolytic, aspartate, and methionine metabolic pathways that might have contributed to the increased S‐metabolites in the seeds. We anticipate that the cascade effect of gene duplication discovered by metabolic profiling, along with information gleaned from gene expression, can be used to produce functional traits for soybean that add value to the soybean seeds.
Striving for sustainable development: Green financial policy, institutional investors, and corporate ESG performance
Authors: Lei Xiaodong , Yu Jianglong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEnvironmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices play an increasingly important role in achieving sustainable development goals. Drawing on institutional theory, this paper empirically explores whether and how green financial policy affects corporate ESG performance. Taking China's pilot policy for green finance reform and innovation (GFP) as a quasi‐natural experiment, we employ the difference‐in‐differences model to investigate the causal relationship between green financial policy and corporate ESG performance. We find that the GFP significantly improves corporate ESG performance. The results are robust to a series of checks such as parallel trend examination, placebo test, mitigation of omitted variable bias, alternative variables, and the exclusion of contemporaneous policies. The heterogeneity analysis shows that the positive impact of GFP on corporate ESG performance is more pronounced for firms with tighter financial constraints, higher agency costs, and more external pressures. On this basis, we further document that the positive impact of GFP on corporate ESG performance is more pronounced for investee firms with more institutional ownership. The above findings indicate that the formal institution of government‐led green financial policy can positively affect corporate ESG performance, and market participants‐institutional investors help to strengthen this policy effect. Overall, our study sheds light on the significant role of green financial policy in promoting corporate sustainability.
Benzothiadiazolyl‐pyridine and ‐2,2′‐bipyridine Ligands for Luminescent and Magnetic Complexes
Authors: Plyuta Nataliya , Cauchy Thomas , Julve Miguel , Avarvari Narcis 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTwo new luminescent ligands, 4‐(2‐pyridine)‐7‐methyl‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole (L1) and 4‐(2,2‐bipyridine)‐7‐methyl‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole (L2), based on 2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole and pyridine or bipyridine were obtained by Suzuki coupling reactions. DFT and TD‐DFT type calculations have been performed on L1 and L2 in order to assign their experimental UV‐visible and emission bands. Reaction of L1 and L2 with metal(II) chlorides (M=Zn, Mn, Cu) provided the neutral complexes of formulas [ZnL1Cl2] (1), [Zn(L1)2Cl2] (2), [ZnL2Cl2] (3), [MnL2Cl2] ⋅ 0,5CH2Cl2 (4) and [CuL2Cl2] ⋅ H2O (5) which have been structurally characterized. The Zn(II) ions in 1 and 2 are four‐coordinate in somewhat distorted tetrahedral N2Cl2 surroundings with L1 adopting bidentate (1) and monodentate (2) coordination modes. Complexes 3–5 are isostructural and their metal atoms are five‐coordinate in distorted square pyramidal environments with three nitrogen atoms from the tridentate L2 ligand and a chlorine building the basal plane and another chlorine atom occupying the apical position. The three Zn(II) complexes are strongly luminescent in solution and the solid state, while the cryomagnetic study of the paramagnetic compounds 4 and 5 in the temperature range 2.9–300 K shows a Curie‐Weiss behaviour typical of small antiferromagnetic interactions which are mediated by weak intermolecular contacts.
Diagnostic performance of inflammatory biomarkers and cytological analysis in salivary gland tumors
Authors: Abbate Vincenzo , Barone Simona , Borriello Gerardo , Troise Stefania , Bonavolontà Paola , Pacella Daniela , Vaira Luigi Angelo , Turri‐Zanoni Mario , Cuéllar Carlos Navarro , Califano Luigi , Dell' Aversana Orabona Giovanni 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of serum inflammatory biomarkers in salivary gland tumors with dubious results following cytological analysis.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 239 cases following surgery between January 2011 and June 2022 was performed. Receiver Operating Characteristic curves were drawn and areas under the curves were computed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the inflammatory biomarkers (SII, SIRI, PLR, and NLR). Optimal cut‐offs for each marker were determined by maximizing the Youden index.ResultsAnalysis showed that among the major biomarkers examined, SIRI performed an AUC of 0.77. The best SIRI cut‐off was 0.94 with an accuracy of 79.9%. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of cytological analysis were 77.8%, 59.6%, and 90.7% respectively. By combining SIRI with cytological analysis we demonstrated an increase in sensitivity to 82.8%.ConclusionsInflammatory biomarkers could be evaluated to support the diagnosis and treatment of salivary gland tumors in difficult cases.
Recent Applications of Paired Electrolysis in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Jiao Ke‐Jin , Gao Xiao‐Tong , Ma Cong , Fang Ping , Mei Tian‐Sheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRecent years have witnessed a renaissance of organic electrochemistry since the cheap, safe, sustainable electron could be employed as a traceless redox agent to facilitate redox conversions. Additionally, divergent selectivity could be achieved by tuning the potential or current of the electrochemical reaction. Compared to electrooxidation or electroreduction reactions, paired electrolysis represents a more practical and energy‐efficient strategy that delivers the products by making use of both anodic and cathodic reactions simultaneously. This mini‐review summarized the breakthroughs and recent advances in this fascinating field and mainly is divided into three parts: parallel, sequential, and convergent paired electrolysis.
A Bridge Blueprint to Span the Chasm Between Research and Engineering — A Framework for Systems Engineering in Early‐Stage Research and Development
Authors: Hodges Ann , Granados Arno 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTResearchers and funding organizations often do not understand the value of systems engineering in early‐stage projects (technology readiness levels TRL 1‐5), during which systems engineering may be viewed as an unnecessary cost, and as a process heavy effort applicable only for mature technologies. This may result in a relative lack of engineering rigor and lack of understanding of innovation context which often contributes to failures in the “valley of death” between fundamental research and applied development.We argue there is more than one pathway for crossing the valley of death, and that relevant application of systems engineering implemented at an appropriate level of rigor provides a foundation for transition and use of technical innovation. This article discusses the principles and foundational elements necessary for development and use of a framework for systems engineering applicable in early‐stage research and development (ESR&D), including tailoring considerations associated with TRL and stakeholder roles. Associated framework metrics are suggested to enable evaluation and practical implementation of the framework for systems engineering innovation management at this phase of technology development.
ACCOMMODATING CHANGE: THE DYNAMIC SYSTEM ENGINEERING PROCESS
Authors: Pittman R. Bruce 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOne of the goals of the original system engineering process defined in the Fort Belvoir Defense System Management College, System Engineering Management Guide and Army Field Manual 770–78 is to minimize changes during the system development process. With the rapid increase in the rate of technological change as well as the increase in the duration of major system development projects, this inability to accommodate change causes performance, cost and schedule problems. To address this need for change the author has developed a Dynamic System Engineering (DSE) Process that expands the bounds of the existing process to focus more attention on the front end of the system development process.
The NASA SEPIT Life Cycle
Authors: Fragomeni A.D. , Ryschkewitsch M.G. , Pieniazek L. , Pettis R. , Bain E. , Fleming R. , Morgan W. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe NASA Systems Engineering Process Improvement Team (SEPIT) has developed a NASA generic life cycle model of systems engineering and technical activities, to serve as a template in the development of project specific life cycles. The life cycle model is built around engineering process flow diagrams and includes descriptions of the objectives, processes, and products for each phase of the life cycle from initial customer needs and objectives to operation and finally, disposal of the system. The Life Cycle Model serves as a framework for the understanding and use of the other SEPIT products. The closely related Control Gates Standard is also described in some detail. This document describes the reviews that are used to assess progress and readiness for transitions in the project activities. After appropriate review and approval, the life cycle and the other products will serve as reference standards and/or guidance for use in the development of program and project plans.
SYSTEM‐LEVEL REQUIREMENTS DEFINITION UNDER A REVISED DoD ACQUISITION PROCESS
Authors: Kitterman Richard W. , Buede Dennis M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA literature search and survey of practicing systems engineers demonstrate that systems engineering processes and roles are not well defined during initial elicitation, capture and analysis of requirements. Changes to DoD acquisition practices that impact this part of systems engineering are outlined and implications drawn. An expanded systems engineering role in requirements definition is identified. Also highlighted are implications regarding: methods that help engineers and those with needs to interact in defining and visualizing requirements, and; capturing and using, throughout the life cycle, the decision rationale that accompanies the requirements definition and system design process.
METHOD BEHIND THE MADNESS IN SYSTEM MODELING
Authors: Scheurer Robert P. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAs systems grow in complexity, the value of system modeling is magnified. In addition to the system design itself, many benefits — ranging from a common team vision to improved design quality — are obtained from a system model. Important considerations in model development are discussed, including the introduction and utilization of methodologies, evaluation and application of automation tools, and training for project team members. Emphasis is placed on the significance of using a methodology for defining system design scope, design completeness, and process repeatability. Where applicable, effective metrics are also identified. Experiences in the administration and use of a specific methodology to produce multiple, graphical views of a system model are related by the author.
USING SYSTEMS ENGINEERING TO EXPAND OPPORTUNITIES FOR INNOVATION
Authors: Schoening William W. , Miller Andrew J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInstead of just hoping that innovative solutions will happen, direct action can be taken to significantly improve the climate for innovation. Since the most innovative ideas usually reflect the most radical changes in a product, the logical place to look for an opportunity to innovate is at the earliest stages of concept exploration. A disciplined use of the systems engineering process at the very beginning will help identify top‐level changes in requirements allocation that lead to new and innovative solutions. This paper explores the relationship between innovation and systems engineering, and then describes six steps for implementing an investigative climate that fosters innovation.
A CASE STUDY: USING SYSTEMS ENGINEERING TO FOSTER INNOVATION
Authors: Miller Andrew J. , Schoening William W. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a case study that traces the history of the McDonnell Douglas Interactive Warfare Simulation (IWARS) from its initial conception to its current state. IWARS is a digital wargaming system created by McDonnell Douglas Aerospace (MDA) to assess aerospace system requirements, impacts, and tactics in modern combat environments. IWARS is part of MDA's systems analysis program and has proven to be a valuable tool for testing weapon system design concepts and creating environments that foster innovation. IWARS itself is an innovative concept that was not readily accepted when first proposed. Systems engineering concepts were required at the earliest stages of development in order to successfully create and sell IWARS.
ENGINEERING PERFORMANCE METRICS
Authors: DeLozier Randall , Snyder Neil 
Published: September 2023

AbstractImplementation of a Total Quality Management (TQM) approach to engineering work required the development of a system of metrics which would serve as a meaningful management tool for evaluating effectiveness in accomplishing project objectives and in achieving improved customer satisfaction. A team effort was chartered with the goal of developing a system of engineering performance metrics which would measure customer satisfaction, quality, cost effectiveness, and timeliness. The approach to developing this system involved normal systems design phases including conceptual design, detailed design, implementation, and integration. The lessons learned from this effort will be explored in this paper. These lessons learned may provide a starting point for other large engineering organizations seeking to institute a performance measurement system.
A FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSING SYSTEMS ENGINEERING CAPABILITY
Authors: Brill James H. , Brammer Karl G. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Capability Maturity Model (CMM) was developed by the Software Engineering Insitute (SEI) at Carnegie Mellon University to provide a methodology for assessing an organization's capability in software engineering. The paper presents an attempt to generalize the CMM from software engineering to systems engineering. Starting from an overview and comparison of systems and software engineering disciplines, a brief summary of the original CMM is provided. The authors analyze if and how its criteria and key areas are transferrable to systems engineering. Allowing for the differences between the systems and software engineering processes, they propose the modifications necessary to adapt and generalize the SEI methodology accordingly. As a result the outline of a Systems Engineering Maturity Model is presented.
ENABLING CONCURRENT ENGINEERING THROUGH BEHAVIORAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Karas Len , Rhodes Donna 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEngineering organizations are actively seeking ways to better enable concurrent engineering. At the IBM Federal Systems Company (FSC), we are finding behavioral analysis an excellent means to integrate the disciplines needed to develop complex systems.Key to effective use of behavioral analysis are: (1) a shared methodology and (2) the support environment which makes the methodology executable. At IBM FSC, we are finding RDD‐100®, developed by the Ascent Logic Corporation, to provide an environment which is highly compatible with our existing system development methodology. We have found Requirements Driven Development, RDD‐100®, developed by Ascent Logic Corporation, to be well accepted by all of our various engineering organizations. Our expectation is that implementation of our methodology using RDD‐100® will greatly decrease the development cycle time as it encourages concurrent participation in the definition of the system model.
COMPUTER BASED SYSTEMS ENGINEERING: EMERGING TOOL TRENDS
Authors: Alford Mack 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAlthough the CBSE task force has not yet reached agreement on a paradigm for design of distributed computing systems, a review of some tools used in practice to develop existing distributed systems reveals some emerging trends from the marketplace. These trends support the “allocation paradigm” for distributed design, but have conceptual clashes with traditional CASE tools, and lack of integration with requirements tools, but there is hope for the future.
FORMULATION OF THE OPTIMUM REPAIR POLICY PROBLEM WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
Authors: Aslaksen Erik W. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper demonstrates how the concept of the value of the service provided by a system can be efficiently handled by the systems engineering methodology. Following a general formulation of the problem, two examples from the class of systems in which each element contributes to the system output are provided; the first to illustrate the allocation of repair effort to elements of unequal size, the second to show how the value placed on the output level influences the repair policy.
3.1.1 A Systems Engineer's Approach to Brain Surgery
Authors: Mackey William F. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWhat can a patient do when faced with a critical health challenge that might be body disabling or life threatening? This author when diagnosed with a brain tumor decided to apply the principles of systems engineering. As a result of applying a reasonable constraint at the early stages of evaluation, the solution to the challenge resulted in two relatively noninvasive cranial procedures, rather than the conventional craniotomy recommended by three of the five neurosurgeons consulted.The approach elected by this author included several systems engineering processes such as developing a concept for the operation, a key requirement(s) definition, a tradeoff analysis of neuroradiosurgery systems, a risk analysis, and even an evaluation of the mission during medical follow‐up. Such medical procedures could not have been conducted successfully as few as 10 to 15 years ago.The thesis of this paper is that patients can affect the outcome of the medical procedures to be conducted on them, and the approaches of the systems engineering discipline are extremely useful when appropriately applied to healthcare challenges.
1.2.2 Engineering of Complex Adaptive Systems using OpEMCSS
Authors: Clymer John R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA graphical discrete event simulation library is proposed for the engineering of complex adaptive systems. This library works with EXTEND (Imagine That Inc), an inexpensive yet capable and easy to use simulation software package, and it is called Operational Evaluation Modeling for Context‐Sensitive Systems (OpEMCSS). Context‐Sensitive Systems (CSS) is a systems theory, based on finite state machines, that can assist a system designer in understanding and evaluating complex adaptive systems, represented as communicating concurrent (parallel) processes. CSS theory can be expressed using the OpEM graphical modeling language. Thus, OpEMCSS is a graphical simulation library that can model systems based on CSS theory and the OpEM language. As an example, an OpEMCSS model is discussed such that each of two intelligent agents learn rules that maximizes their average reward in the prisoner's dilemma game.
1.2.3 Web‐based Aerospace System Evaluation Software: The Development and Assessment of Conceptual Space Missions
Authors: Makins B.J. , Miller D.W. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe conceptual design of aerospace missions occurs when resources are at minimum, the trade space is vast, and experts are distributed. GINAware provides a quantitative methodology to evaluate vastly different mission architectures and offers a collaborative environment to share resources. This paper outlines the GINAware methodology: a model driven system engineering design process that develops, assesses, compares and optimizes conceptual space based missions. The process utilizes some established design tools, information technology and applies the Generalized Information Network Analysis (GINA) framework. Together, these tools help the end‐user systematically define the design, capability, and performance metrics of a mission. This process has been published on the World Wide Web in an effort to encourage collaboration and to foster productivity. A case study of NASA's Terrestrial Planet Finder mission is developed to illustrate the process.