bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hate Speech Classifiers Learn Normative Social Stereotypes
Authors: Davani Aida Mostafazadeh , Atari Mohammad , Kennedy Brendan , Dehghani Morteza 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSocial stereotypes negatively impact individuals’ judgments about different groups and may have a critical role in understanding language directed toward marginalized groups. Here, we assess the role of social stereotypes in the automated detection of hate speech in the English language by examining the impact of social stereotypes on annotation behaviors, annotated datasets, and hate speech classifiers. Specifically, we first investigate the impact of novice annotators’ stereotypes on their hate-speech-annotation behavior. Then, we examine the effect of normative stereotypes in language on the aggregated annotators’ judgments in a large annotated corpus. Finally, we demonstrate how normative stereotypes embedded in language resources are associated with systematic prediction errors in a hate-speech classifier. The results demonstrate that hate-speech classifiers reflect social stereotypes against marginalized groups, which can perpetuate social inequalities when propagated at scale. This framework, combining social-psychological and computational-linguistic methods, provides insights into sources of bias in hate-speech moderation, informing ongoing debates regarding machine learning fairness.
Influence of Legislation on Public Attitude towards Animal Welfare in Taiwan
Authors: Wu Shih-Yun , Lai Yi-Te , Lin Yi-Chun , Wu Chang-Hsien , Chen Yu-Min 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A face-to-face national survey in Taiwan was conducted to reflect the influence of animal welfare legislation on attitudes of the public (n = 1,099) towards animal welfare. Greater awareness and knowledge of the law correlated with a better attitude towards and preference for relevant animal protection issues in respondents. The lack of knowledge on animal welfare concepts, animal welfare products, and related labels among respondents appears to hinder the development of better animal welfare. Thus, promoting a better understanding of the law is fundamental and necessary. Improving animal welfare in Taiwan requires promotion of animal welfare concepts and markets in society not only through legislation, but also through education and implementation of better animal welfare policies.
Racial Capitalism and the Ecological Crises of the Anthropocene
Authors: Gonzalez Carmen G. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The concept of racial capitalism has been embraced by scholars and activists as a means of exploring the common roots of contemporary social and ecological crises. These include unprecedented environmental degradation, extreme economic inequality, the resurgence of authoritarian ethno-nationalism, increasingly militarized and racialized policing and border control, and the expulsion to the margins of society of growing numbers of humans, including persons who are unemployed, incarcerated, or homeless. This article examines the logic of racial capitalism in order to distinguish between reforms that entrench it and those that facilitate its dismantlement.
Abolishing the War on Climate: Pathways for Collective Ecological Security
Authors: Yeltekin Dafne , Koli Zainab , Oros Lizander 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The climate crisis has been increasingly approached by powerful global actors as both a national and international security threat, rather than a matter of ecological security. This article categorizes false solutions behind the climate security approach and presents three intersecting ways forward for climate justice. By highlighting the work of social movements, this article aims to center truly alternative systemic approaches rooted in decolonization, abolition, and ecological security seeking to demilitarize and abolish a War on Climate, while building alternative relationships that foster collective well-being for humans and non-humans.
Post-Disaster Scenarios: Towards Environmental Alternatives of the Global South
Authors: Hrubec Marek 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
While it is also relevant to address the Earth crisis using reformist approaches, this article analyzes a worse-case scenario. It deals with a post-disaster scenario that looks for ways out of a deeper environmental crisis or disaster. But this does not mean a scenario of a total global apocalypse. It addresses the topic in four steps: first, by stressing an importance of post-disaster scenarios between a mere reform and a total collapse; second, by analyzing the Western historical dialectic of enlightenment and capitalism; third, by formulating the non-Western dialectic as well as that of human civilization; and fourth, by expressing a social philosophical background and environmental alternatives present in the Global South.
The Account of Perseus in Orosius: Sources and Precedents
Authors: Garstad Benjamin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Orosius includes a note on the hero Perseus that neglects the usually prominent features of his myth, saying little more than that Perseus led an expedition into Asia and, once victorious, named the people he conquered there Persians after himself. He is the earliest of the surviving Latin authors to say either of these things about Perseus. And he is apparently the first author to combine these pieces of information – until, that is, John Malalas, who says much the same things about Perseus not once, but twice. This paper will survey Orosius’ usual sources for possible influences, trace the development of the notions that Perseus invaded Asia and that the Persians were named for him, and explore the possibility that Orosius and Malalas might have shared a source on Perseus and the history of Assyria.
A Note on “substomachans” (Augustine, conf. 3.21)
Authors: van Oort Johannes 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This brief note explains the curious word “substomachans” in conf. 3.21 from the Manichaean background of both Monnica’s bishop and Augustine. Based on this explanation, the note proposes a new translation of the phrase in which “substomachans” occurs. The interpretation offered seems to be backed by Julian of Eclanum’s use of “substomachans”. In essence, “substomachari” refers to the “ructare” during the Manichaeans’ daily ritual meal: “to belch (out)”.
[RETRACTED] Land Redistribution Policy in Amhara National Regional State: The Case of Basoliben Woreda, East Gojjam Zone, North-Western Ethiopia
Authors: Tessema Adane M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Land redistribution is the deliberate act of governments to handle the problems of social inequality and poverty. The objective of this study was to assess the 1996 land redistribution policy of Amhara National Regional State (ANRS) in terms of its process of implementation, the criteria used and the socio-economic effects of the policy, specifically in Basoliben woreda farmers. Employing a qualitative descriptive case study design, primary sources of data were collected through key informant interviews and focus group discussion (FGD) whereas secondary data was gathered from different documents. Both cross-case analysis and document analysis were used to analyze the collected data. The findings of the study implied that the redistribution policy in ANRS has resulted in both positive and negative effects on the socio-economic life of farmers. Among the positive effects, landless, women and marginalized sections of the society like artisans got access to land. The negative effects include political allegiance used as the mere criteria to allocate land, the reprisal rationale of the regional government to undertake the policy, implementation problems like lack of transparency, land corruption and lack of monitoring and evaluation systems which further resulted in inequality which needs to be addressed.
State of the Nation: Why Does Ethiopia Need to Preserve the Parliamentary Model of Government in its Aspiration to Be a Democracy?
Authors: Bekana Dejene Mamo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper critically analyses the case for the parliamentary model of government combined with proportional electoral design. Using Ethiopia’s practice of parliamentary model of government, and its diverse social structures, as a case study, the paper examines the viability of parliamentary model of government for transition to democratic polity. The paper relies on the theory of consociational democracy that focuses on the role of social and political elites, their deliberations and cooperation, as the fundamental instrument to stable democratic polity. Methodologically, the paper employed interpretive and qualitative meta-analysis of relevant laws and the literature. As such, this article focuses on the link between the model of government and transition to a democratic polity in a multi-cultural and multi-ethnic society, more precisely, the risk that the presidential model dents transition to democracy in a multicultural and multi-ethnic society. I argue, therefore, in a social fabric where ethnic and cultural diversity is the basic defining tenet of the social order, parliamentary model of government combined with proportional electoral design offers better flexibility in the process of transition to consolidated democratic polity.
Between Tasavvuf and Spiritism: The Case of Enis Behiç Koryürek
Authors: Sendag Duygu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this article, I explore the changing relationship between humans and spirits and between the self and the divine in Turkey by focusing on the encounter of the poet Enis Behiç Koryürek with a Sufi spirit at a séance in 1946. Based on the scholarship on religion as mediation, I suggest that the poet’s Sufi-spiritist practice brought forth a differently mediated self-divine relationship by forming links between different temporalities, modes of channelling the divine and forms of power and sociality. I believe this analysis of the case of Enis Behiç is helpful in understanding the evolution of ‘alternative spirituality’ within the country’s specific modernisation history, particularly due to the personalised, direct and instant relationship formed with a spirit without prior religious practice, belonging or guidance.
Parliamentary Law and Institutional Crisis in the United Kingdom During Brexit
Authors: Barbé Vanessa 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The British parliamentary system is generally praised for its longevity and stability. However, the flaws of British democracy were highlighted following the referendum of June 2016. This withdrawal was not only an earthquake for the European project, it was also the source of unprecedented constitutional controversies in the UK itself. In particular, it raised a series of questions about the respective competences of national institutions and local institutions in the field of European affairs and, more broadly, in foreign affairs. Since the British Constitution is not a written one, the rules for the distribution of competences in these areas are essentially the result of practice.
The UK’s parliamentary regime, that was in the process of collapsing in September 2019 appears, against all odds, to have recovered following the early elections of 12 December 2019. The result of those elections has apparently provided a way out of the crisis, although it is unclear whether it will be temporary or not.
Making the Irish Parliament More Family Friendly and Inclusive
Authors: Cousins Charlotte 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This article describes the work of the Forum on a Family Friendly and Inclusive Parliament (the Forum) which was established by the Ceann Comhairle (Speaker of Dáil Éireann) in 2021. The Forum was established to make recommendations that would result in a more family friendly parliamentary community that better reflects Irish society in terms of its diversity and inclusivity. The article discusses the terms of reference of the Forum, it describes the makeup of the Forum and how it worked to engage with stakeholders and made 51 recommendations. It then sets out some of the key recommendations and approaches to their implementation. The Forum is distinguished from similar initiatives in other parliaments because of its focus on the parliamentary community as a whole and not just the elected members, and further because it was focused on diversity and inclusivity beyond gender.
Introduction to Systems Biology
Authors: Sauter Thomas , Albrecht Marco 
Published: March 2023

This book is an introduction to the language of systems biology, which is spoken among many disciplines, from biology to engineering. Authors Thomas Sauter and Marco Albrecht draw on a multidisciplinary background and evidence-based learning to facilitate the understanding of biochemical networks, metabolic modeling and system dynamics.
Their pedagogic approach briefly highlights core ideas of concepts in a broader interdisciplinary framework to guide a more effective deep dive thereafter. The learning journey starts with the purity of mathematical concepts, reveals its power to connect biological entities in structure and time, and finally introduces physics concepts to tightly align abstraction with reality.
This workbook is all about self-paced learning, supports the flipped-classroom concept, and kick-starts with scientific evidence on studying. Each chapter comes with links to external YouTube videos, learning checklists, and Integrated real-world examples to gain confidence in thinking across scientific perspectives. The result is an integrated approach that opens a line of communication between theory and application, enabling readers to actively learn as they read.
This overview of capturing and analyzing the behavior of biological systems will interest adherers of systems biology and network analysis, as well as related fields such as bioinformatics, biology, cybernetics, and data science.
Evaluating Drought Indices for Alaska
Authors: Walston Joshua M. , McAfee Stephanie A. , McEvoy Daniel J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Drought is a recurrent natural phenomenon, but there is concern that climate change may increase the frequency or severity of drought in Alaska. Because most common drought indices were designed for lower latitudes, it is unclear how effectively they characterize drought in Alaska’s diverse, high-latitude climates. Here, we compare three commonly used meteorological drought indices [the standardized precipitation index (SPI), the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), and the self-calibrating Palmer drought severity index (scPDSI)] with each other and with streamflow across Alaska’s 13 climate divisions. All of the drought indices identify major droughts, but the severity of the drought varies depending on the index used. The SPI and the SPEI are more flexible and often better correlated with streamflow than the scPDSI, and we recommend using them. Although SPI and SPEI are very similar in energy-limited climates, the drought metrics do diverge in drier locations in recent years, and consideration of the impact of temperature on drought may grow more important in the coming decades. Hargreaves potential evapotranspiration (PET) estimates appeared more physically realistic than the more commonly used Thornthwaite equation and are equally easy to calculate, so we suggest using the Hargreaves equation when PET is estimated from temperature. This study, one of the first to evaluate drought indices for high-latitude regions, has the potential to improve drought monitoring and representation within the U.S. Drought Monitor, leading to more informed decision-making during drought in Alaska, and it improves our ability to track changes in drought driven by rising temperatures.

Significance Statement
Tracking drought at high latitudes is challenging because we have not adequately studied drought impacts in cold climates, and the primary meteorological drought indices were designed for lower latitudes and may not accurately estimate evaporative demand and the influence of snow. We investigate three common drought indices and recommend using the standardized precipitation index (SPI) or the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) because they can track short and long droughts. The SPEI may be more useful because comparisons between the SPI and SPEI show that, in recent decades, temperature has made noticeable contributions to drought in drier parts of Alaska. If using the SPEI, we suggest the Hargreaves potential evapotranspiration rather than the Thornthwaite because it is more physically realistic.
Tailored medication management intervention delivered by occupational therapists for older adults: A study protocol
Authors: Somerville Emily , Bollinger Rebecca , Keleman Audrey , Haxton Meghan , Sarrami Behnaz , Chen Szu-Wei , Holden Brianna , Yan Yan , Stark Susan 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Medication management is an essential instrumental activity of daily living for older adults; however, 40–70% of older adults fail to take their medications correctly. Addressing medication management falls under the scope of occupational therapy, but there is a lack of evidence supporting occupational therapy interventions to improving medication management. This study’s primary aims are to examine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a Tailored Intervention for Medication Management delivered by occupational therapists to improve medication management. Method/Design: Single-blind, parallel-group randomized controlled equivalency trial, with two phases. Thirty community-dwelling older adults will be enrolled in this study. In Phase 1, participants in the treatment group will receive Tailored Intervention for Medication Management delivered remotely; those in the waitlist control will receive attention visits. In Phase 2, waitlist control participants will receive Tailored Intervention for Medication Management in person. The primary outcomes are feasibility and acceptability; secondary outcomes include preliminary efficacy of the intervention delivered by an occupational therapist remotely and in person. Additionally, the remote and in-person delivery methods will be compared to each other for equivalency. Discussion: Inability to manage medication and inappropriate polypharmacy are significant and prevalent problems that must be addressed so older adults can safely perform this essential instrumental activity of daily living. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04717297.
Improved Mental Health Status and Patient-Reported Outcomes After Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement
Authors: Gruskay Jordan A. , Martin Maitland D. , Shelton Trevor J. , Comfort Spencer M. , Day Hannah K. , Philippon Marc J. 
Published: March 2023

Background: Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is often a chronic problem, which can lead to a decrease in mental well-being. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to determine patient mental health improvement after hip arthroscopy and if this improvement correlated with improved outcomes. It was hypothesized that patients with low mental health (LMH) status would improve after hip arthroscopy for FAI and that their patient-reported outcomes (PROs) would significantly improve after surgery. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Patients who underwent hip arthroscopy with labral repair between 2008 and 2015 were included. The minimum follow-up was 2 years. PROs included the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Hip Outcome Score–Activities of Daily Living (HOS-ADL), HOS–Sports (HOS-Sports), and 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12). The minimal clinically important difference and Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) were determined for HOS-ADL, HOS-Sports, and the mHHS based on previously published studies. Patients who scored <46.5 on the SF-12 Mental Component Summary (MCS) were in the LMH group, and those who scored ≥46.5 were in the high mental health (HMH) group. Results: In total, 120 (21%) of the 566 patients were in the LMH group and 446 (79%) patients were in the HMH group preoperatively. There was no difference in age or sex between groups. Patients in the LMH group had lower mHHS, HOS-ADL, and HOS-Sports at the mean 4-year follow-up and were less likely to reach PASS for the scores. Postoperatively, 84% (478/566) of the entire group was in the HMH group. A total of 88 (73%) of the LMH group improved to HMH. A multiple linear regression model for change in MCS identified independent predictors of changes in preoperative MCS to be LMH group preoperatively, change in HOS-Sports, and change in mHHS ( r2 = 0.4; P < .001). Conclusion: HMH was achieved in 84% of the patients after hip arthroscopy for FAI. Improvement in MCS was correlated with function and activity, as indicated by a significant correlation with HOS-ADL and HOS-Sports. A small percentage of patients did see a decline in their MCS score. This study showed that patients with LMH scores before hip arthroscopy for FAI can improve to normal/high mental health, and this correlated with higher PROs.
Numerical analysis of different cardiac functions and support modes on blood damage potential in an axial pump
Authors: Li Shulei , Jin Donghai , Gui Xingmin , Liu Guangmao , Jiang Xihang 
Published: March 2023

Background: Cardiac functions and support modes of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) will influence the pump inner flow field and blood damage potential. Methods: Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method and lumped-parameter-model (LPM) were applied to investigate the impacts of cardiac functions under full (9000 rpm) and partial (8000 rpm) support modes in an axial pump. Results: The constitution of hemolysis index ([Formula: see text]) in different components of the pump was investigated. [Formula: see text] was found to be more sensitive to positive incidence angles ([Formula: see text]) compared with negative incidence angles in rotors. Negative incidence angles had little impact on [Formula: see text] both in rotors and the outlet guide vanes. The improved cardiac function made only a minor difference in [Formula: see text] (estimated average [Formula: see text] in one cardiac cycle) by 9.88%, as the flow rate expanded mainly to higher flow range. Switching to partial support mode, however, would induce a periodic experience of severe flow separation and recirculation at low flow range. This irregular flow field increased [Formula: see text] by 47.97%, remarkably increasing the blood damage potential. Conclusion: This study revealed the relationship between the blade incidence angle [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], and recommended negative-incidence-angle blade designs as it yielded lower [Formula: see text]. Moreover, to avoid flow range below 50% of the design point, careful evaluations should be made before switching support modes as weaning procedures in clinical applications.
Doing Radical Public Policy, Observations from a Feminist Economist
Authors: Hartmann Heidi I. 
Published: March 2023

This essay provides an overview of the founding of the Institute for Women’s Policy Research (IWPR) and its research across its first thirty-two years. The formation of its research agenda, the kind of research conducted there, and the influence of feminist economics and radical economics on each other and on IWPR’s research, are discussed, focusing on the importance of both paid and unpaid economic activities by women. IWPR’s work is illustrated by the examples of the wage gap, family leave, and state-based studies. The essay ends with commentary on how social movements can work toward an egalitarian social democracy and economy that meets human needs. JEL Classification: B54, B5, J38, I31