bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lumbar V3 Interneurons Provide Direct Excitatory Synaptic Input Onto Thoracic Sympathetic Preganglionic Neurons, Linking Locomotor And Autonomic Spinal Systems
Authors: Chacon Camila , Nwachukwu Chioma V , Shahsavani Narjes , Cowley Kristine C , Chopek Jeremy W 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) is a life-altering event causing sensation loss, motor paralysis and impaired autonomic function. Electrical spinal cord stimulation has shown promise for restoring lost motor, and impaired autonomic function, despite targeting lumbar locomotor networks. Sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs), primarily located in the intermediate laminae of thoracic and upper lumbar segments (T1-L2), provide neural input to excite sympathetic tissues and organs that provide homeostatic and metabolic support during movement and exercise. We hypothesized that ascending propriospinal neurons located in the lumbar spinal cord provide synaptic input to thoracic SPNs, providing a spinal neural mechanism explaining improved motor and autonomic function in response to spinal cord stimulation. Here, we demonstrate that synaptic contacts from locomotor-related V3 interneurons (INs) are present in all thoracic laminae. Injection of an anterograde tracer into lumbar segments demonstrated that 8-20% of glutamatergic input onto SPNs originated from lumbar V3 INs and displayed a somatotopographical organization of synaptic input to thoracic SPNs, with rostral lumbar V3 INs projecting to rostral thoracic, and caudal lumbar V3 INs projecting to caudal thoracic SPNs. Whole cell patch clamp recording in SPNs demonstrated prolonged depolarizations or action potentials in response to optical activation of either lumbar V3 INs in spinal cord preparations or in response to optical activation of V3 terminals in thoracic slice preparations. This work demonstrates a direct intraspinal connection between lumbar locomotor and thoracic sympathetic networks and suggests communication between motor and autonomic systems may be a general function of the spinal cord.Key pointsWe provide direct anatomical and electrophysiological evidence of an ascending intraspinal synaptic connection between lumbar motor and thoracic sympathetic autonomic neural systems.These connections are formed between lumbar locomotor related V3 interneurons and thoracic sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs)V3 synaptic input accounts for ∼ 20% of glutamatergic input to SPNs.Optical activation of lumbar V3 interneurons elicit action potentials in thoracic SPNs.This intraspinal pathway may explain why electrical stimulation of the lumbar region in persons with long-standing motor complete spinal cord injury improves both motor and sympathetic function.These findings suggest communication between motor and autonomic systems may be a general feature of spinal cord function and await further research to explore this concept.
RNAi-mediated regulation ofalg-3andalg-4coordinates the spermatogenesis developmental program inC. elegans
Authors: McCormick Cara , Rogers Alicia K. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTCoordination of gene regulatory networks is necessary for proper execution of cellular programs throughout development. InC. elegans,spermatogenesis and oogenesis occur during different life stages (L4 and adult, respectively) within the hermaphroditic germline tissue. Yet, it remains unclear how these developmental programs are robustly executed, particularly during stressful conditions. Here we show evolutionarily conserved RNA interference (RNAi) pathways act to restrict expression of spermatogenesis genes to the L4 stage. Our findings indicate a novel RNAi-mediated regulatory cascade is essential for properly coordinating the spermatogenesis developmental program, particularly during heat stress. This is achieved through RNAi-mediated genetic switches that regulate the expression of the Argonautes, ALG-3 and ALG-4, to control ALG-3/4 pathway function. Moreover, this work provides key insights into the different molecular mechanisms RNAi pathways employ to maintain both maternal and paternal germ cells’ reproductive potential, and further highlights the complexities and importance of RNAi-mediated gene regulation in development.
A sweet new set of inducible and constitutive promoters for haloarchaea
Authors: Rados Theopi , Andre Katherine , Cerletti Micaela , Bisson Alex 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInducible promoters are one of cellular and molecular biology’s most important technical tools. The ability to deplete, replete, and overexpress genes on demand is the foundation of most functional studies. Here, we developed and characterized a new xylose-responsive promoter (Pxyl), the second inducible promoter system for the model haloarcheonHaloferax volcanii. Generating RNA-seq datasets from cultures in the presence of four historically used inducers (arabinose, xylose, maltose, and IPTG), we mapped upregulated genomic regions primarily repressed in the absence of the above inducers. We found a highly upregulated promoter that controls the expression of thexacEA(HVO_B0027-28) operon in the pHV3 chromosome. To characterize this promoter region, we cloned msfGFP (monomeric superfold green fluorescent protein) under the control of two different 5’ UTR fragments into a modified pTA962 vector: the first 250 bp (P250) and the whole 750 bp intergenic region (P750). The P250 region expressed msfGFP constitutively, and its expression did not respond to the presence or absence of xylose. However, the P750 promoter showed not only to be repressed in the absence of xylose but also expressed higher levels of msfGFP than the previously described inducible promoter PtnaA in the presence of the inducer. Finally, we validated the inducible Pxyl promoter by reproducing morphological phenotypes already described in the literature. By overexpressing the tubulin-like FtsZ1 and FtsZ2, we observed similar but slightly more pronounced morphological defects than the tryptophan-inducible promoter PtnaA. FtsZ1 overexpression created larger, deformed cells, whereas cells overexpressing FtsZ2 were smaller but mostly retained their shape. In summary, this work contributes a new xylose-inducible promoter, Pxyl, that can be used simultaneously with the well-established PtnaA in functional studies inH. volcanii.
Monosynaptic inputs to ventral tegmental area glutamate and GABA co-transmitting neurons
Authors: Prévost Emily D. , Phillips Alysabeth , Lauridsen Kristoffer , Enserro Gunnar , Rubinstein Bodhi , Alas Daniel , McGovern Dillon J. , Ly Annie , Banks Makaila , McNulty Connor , Kim Yoon Seok , Fenno Lief E. , Ramakrishnan Charu , Deisseroth Karl , Root David H. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTA unique population of ventral tegmental area (VTA) neurons co-transmits glutamate and GABA as well as functionally signals rewarding and aversive outcomes. However, the circuit inputs to VTA VGluT2+VGaT+ neurons are unknown, limiting our understanding of the functional capabilities of these neurons. To identify the inputs to VTA VGluT2+VGaT+ neurons, we coupled monosynaptic rabies tracing with intersectional genetic targeting of VTA VGluT2+VGaT+ neurons in mice. We found that VTA VGluT2+VGaT+ neurons received diverse brain-wide inputs. The largest numbers of monosynaptic inputs to VTA VGluT2+VGaT+ neurons were from superior colliculus, lateral hypothalamus, midbrain reticular nucleus, and periaqueductal gray, whereas the densest inputs relative to brain region volume were from dorsal raphe nucleus, lateral habenula, and ventral tegmental area. Based on these and prior data, we hypothesized that lateral hypothalamus and superior colliculus inputs were glutamatergic neurons. Optical activation of glutamatergic lateral hypothalamus neurons robustly activated VTA VGluT2+VGaT+ neurons regardless of stimulation frequency and resulted in flee-like ambulatory behavior. In contrast, optical activation of glutamatergic superior colliculus neurons activated VTA VGluT2+VGaT+ neurons for a brief period of time at high stimulation frequency and resulted in head rotation and arrested ambulatory behavior (freezing). For both pathways, behaviors induced by stimulation were uncorrelated with VTA VGluT2+VGaT+ neuron activity. However, stimulation of glutamatergic lateral hypothalamus neurons, but not glutamatergic superior colliculus neurons, was associated with VTA VGluT2+VGaT+ footshock-induced activity. We interpret these results such that inputs to VTA VGluT2+VGaT+ neurons may integrate diverse signals related to the detection and processing of motivationally-salient outcomes. Further, VTA VGluT2+VGaT+ neurons may signal threat-related outcomes, possibly via input from lateral hypothalamus glutamate neurons, but not threat-induced behavioral kinematics.
Methotrexate-modulated talin-dynamics drives cellular mechanical phenotypes via YAP signaling
Authors: Chowdhury Debojyoti , Dhabal Sukhamoy , Bhatt Madhu , Maity Debashruti , Chakraborty Soham , Ahuja Keshav Kant , Priyadarshi Shreyansh , Haldar Shubhasis 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMethotrexate is a well-known antineoplastic drug used to prevent cancer aggravation. Despite being a targeted therapeutic approach, its administration comes with the risk of cancer recurrence, plausibly through its proven off-target effect on focal adhesions. Since FA dynamics is dependent on force transmission through its constituent proteins, including talin, methotrexate might affect the mechanical activity of these proteins. Here we have combined single-molecule studies, computational dynamics, cell-based assays, and genomic analysis to unveil the focal adhesion-regulating role of methotrexate central to its effect on talin dynamics and downstream pathways. Interestingly, our single-molecule force spectroscopic study shows that methotrexate modulates the bimodal force distribution of talin in a concentration-dependent manner. Steered molecular dynamics reveal that methotrexate-talin interactions alter talin mechanical stability exposing their vinculin binding sites. Finally, we found that methotrexate-regulated talin-dynamics remodel cancer cell mechanical phenotypes like cell polarity, adhesion, and migration by regulating talin-vinculin association-mediated YAP signaling. These results further correlate with genomic analysis of methotrexate-treated patients, demonstrating its clinical importance. Taken together, these findings disseminate the effects of methotrexate-modulated mechanosensitivity of adhesion proteins on cellular events.
Understanding the personality of Europe’s only world surfing reserve
Authors: Martins Ana Filipa , Penela Daniela , Cardoso Margarida G.M.S. 
Published: April 2023

Purpose
This study aims to uncover the destination personality of the World Surfing Reserve (WSR) in Europe, Ericeira, from local stakeholders’ perspectives; understand if WSR recognition influences the perception of destination personality; and understand if there is an alignment between the vision of the destination management Organization (DMO) and stakeholders in terms of destination personality.

Design/methodology/approach
An extensive literature search was conducted to identify personality traits, which were then filtered and included in a survey of Ericeira's stakeholders and in a DMO interview. A principal components analysis enabled the identification of the most relevant personality traits.

Findings
Cool, appealing and self-assured emerged as destination-specific personality traits of Ericeira, indicating that other similar destinations can consider them in future branding actions. The findings indicate that WSR recognition can be a determinant for local tourism but has no impact on destination personality as viewed by local stakeholders. Therefore, one can suggest that personality is embedded in a tourist destination and is somewhat resistant to external WSR recognition. In general, alignment was found between the views of the local stakeholders and the DMO.

Originality/value
This study reinforces the literature on the importance of stakeholder involvement in place brand development. It also suggests that external recognition may have an impact on local tourism but has a limited impact on destination personality. Finally, this research constitutes a baseline for further studies on the destination personality traits of current and prospective WSR.
Problems in information classification: insights from practice
Authors: Andersson Simon 
Published: April 2023

Purpose
This study aims to identify problems connected to information classification in theory and to put those problems into the context of experiences from practice.

Design/methodology/approach
Five themes describing problems are discussed in an empirical study, having informants represented from both a public and a private sector organization.

Findings
The reasons for problems to occur in information classification are exemplified by the informants’ experiences. The study concludes with directions for future research.

Originality/value
Information classification sustains the basics of security measures. The human–organizational challenges are evident in the activities but have received little attention in research.
Industrial impact analysis of foreign direct investment on economic development in Cambodia
Authors: Kenh Sovath , Wei Qidi 
Published: April 2023

PurposeCambodia's sustained and robust growth performance since the post-reform era in 1993 has been attributed to the boom in inward foreign direct investment (FDI) attracted to the country's labor-intensive industries, where it has comparative advantages. The purpose of this study is twofold. First, it aims to assess the consistency between Cambodia's revealed comparative advantage in exports and its sectoral inward FDI. Second, it examines the relationship between industry-level FDI and growth performance by accounting for heterogeneity across industries.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses descriptive methods and an industry-level dataset provided by the Council for the Development of Cambodia to elucidate the issue. Additionally, it applies instrumental variable two-stage least squares (IV-2SLS) regression to investigate the impact of industry-specific FDI on economic growth from 1994 to 2017, which also aims to address the endogeneity issue.FindingsOn the one hand, our research finds that Cambodia's FDI has been attracted to sectors in which it has a comparative advantage during the aforementioned period. On the other hand, both FDI and the comparative advantage index significantly impact economic growth in Cambodia. The greater the flow of foreign investment into sectors with comparative advantage, the stronger the impetus for growth.Originality/valueThis study fills a gap in the literature and contributes to a better understanding of the relationship between FDI and economic growth in Cambodia. It is the first paper to investigate the heterogeneity of industry-specific FDI and provides practical recommendations for policymakers to effectively harness foreign investments and avoid malign FDI inflows.
Shadow economy and FDI: the role of corruption and land resource
Authors: Yusuf Rukaiyat Adebusola , Nguyen Loan Thi Quynh 
Published: April 2023

PurposeThis research examines how shadow economy affects foreign direct investment (FDI).Design/methodology/approachThe study utilizes a panel dataset including 124 nations between 1997 and 2015. Information on shadow economy, FDI and macro-economic characteristics is obtained from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and World Bank database. Various econometric methods are employed, such as the panel ordinary least squares (OLS) with fixed-effect estimator and the two-step system generalized method of moments estimation.FindingsThe findings of the study illustrate that shadow economy negatively influences total FDI inflows, and this adverse impact is mainly driven by greenfield investments – a component of FDI. Moreover, the authors provide evidence that the shadow economy has more devastating influences on FDI inflows in countries with higher corruption levels and fewer land resources.Practical implicationsOverall, this research suggests an important policy implication that the shadow economy should be controlled more strictly since it harms the FDI inflows, especially greenfield investment.Originality/valueThis research is among the first attempt of evaluating the effect of shadow economy on different FDI types. Furthermore, it examines how the shadow economy–FDI inflows nexus is changed when considering factors including corruption and land resource.
Matrix approach to digitalization of management objects
Authors: Tyapukhin Alexey Petrovich 
Published: April 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to substantiate the matrix approach to digitalization of management objects based on identification of relevant qualitative characteristics of these objects and its dichotomies, which allowing determine the quantity and quality of their main variants, as well as the relationships between them.

Design/methodology/approach
Methods of classification and typology are selected as study methods, and binary matrices are used as the tool to determine the main variants of management objects, assign binary codes to it and form codes of more complex management objects on its basis, depending on the content of study tasks.

Findings
The main results of study include the classification of organization components; variants for choosing qualitative characteristics of chains components; adjusted content of methodology of qualitative research of management objects; sequences of “up” and “down” digitization of these objects; actual qualitative characteristics of e components of management objects and dichotomies; and variants of forming of ciphers of these objects.

Practical implications
The use of study results allows to reduce the complexity of substantiating and making managerial decisions in organization and supply chains, to structure these decisions by man-agement levels and positions and to reduce costs, time and lost profits for fulfilling orders of end consumers of products and/or services.

Originality/value
The originality of this study is confirmed by the substantiation of choice and use of actual qualitative characteristics of management objects and its dichotomies, which allow obtaining two variants of these objects and assigning them binary codes processed using computer software for management activities.
EnoLight Ltd: a classic entrepreneurship challenge
Authors: Mazaheri Ebrahim , Yilmazer Alex 
Published: April 2023

Research methodology
One of the case writers worked as a student in the summer of 2018 in EnoLight, which provided the inspiration for the case. The first author is not tied to the company and provides an unbiased perspective. The information presented in the case and the quotes were sourced from an interview with Farzad Moghiman in the Fall of 2018, email and phone follow-up with him, and information the second author remembered from his time at EnoLight, which was approved later by Farzad. Supplementary information was obtained from online sources, as cited in the case.

Case overview/synopsis
Farzad Moghiman, president of EnoLight, has a vision to revolutionize the use of light and bring it to the forefront of artistic designs. The company was founded in late 2016. Over a year was spent developing the business plan, finding additional partners, establishing the company as a limited partnership, finding and negotiating with suppliers and beta-testing its products. It is now time for Farzad to start selling as his funds, which were his lifetime savings, is running out. He knew the first decision to make was the target market. Identifying the first segment to target would help him select the distribution channel and other marketing plan elements.

Complexity academic level
The main objective of this case is to segment the market and identify the most attractive segment to target. This case offers an opportunity for students to segment both consumer and business markets and experience the significant impact of selecting the target market on other marketing mix elements. Furthermore, students are exposed to the difficulties of a start-up environment, resource constraints and a lack of market credibility – bearing these factors in mind while generating realistic alternatives. This case can be used in an introductory marketing course.

Learning objectives
1. Apply segmentation variables to segment both business and consumer markets and understand how segmentation and targeting impact other marketing decisions.2. Evaluate different customer segments to select the target market.3. Develop the best positioning strategy for a new startup company.4. Recommend an segmentation, targeting and positioning (STP) plan that meets the company’s financial objective.
The future of work: work engagement and job performance in the hybrid workplace
Authors: Naqshbandi M. Muzamil , Kabir Ibrahim , Ishak Nurul Amirah , Islam Md. Zahidul 
Published: April 2023

Purpose
Drawing on the job demands-resources (JD-R) model, the authors examine how working in the hybrid workplace model (telework and flexible work) affects job performance via the intervening role of work engagement.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors adopted a quantitative approach and collected data from 277 employees working in universities in Nigeria. Partial least square structural equation modelling was used to analyse the data and test the hypotheses.

Findings
The findings reveal that flexible work, not telework, has a significant and positive effect on job performance. It also emerges that flexible work positively affects work engagement, and work engagement significantly mediates the relationship between flexible work and job performance. However, the findings do not support the effect of telework on work engagement and the mediating role of work engagement in the proposed relation between telework and job performance.

Originality/value
The paper provides fresh insights by linking the components of the hybrid workplace model with job performance and employee work engagement and extending the JD-R model to the hybrid workplace setting. The practitioners can benefit from the findings of this study by factoring in the importance of the hybrid workplace model in designing policies and procedures to promote job performance.
“What happens on the boat, stays on the boat”: the dark side of luxury yachting
Authors: Wyatt Brianna 
Published: April 2023

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the dark side of luxury yachting, with specific focus on the treatment and well-being of yacht crews.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on a literature review of key terms: luxury yachting; yacht crews; well-being; maritime tourism and yacht guests.FindingsThe paper observes luxury yachting as having a hidden dark side that is impacting on the overall well-being of yacht crews who are responsible for producing luxury yachting experiences. It discusses scholarly research and industry reports into both luxury yachting tourism and yacht crew management and experiences.Practical implicationsThe success of the Below Deck television franchise has had a direct influence on the growing phenomenon of luxury yachting tourism. Behind the happy smiles and grandeur of the luxury experience, there is a dark side to this booming industry that requires further investigation and resolutions to enhance yacht crew well-being without impacting the guest experience.Originality/valueThis paper presents luxury yachting as a growing tourism phenomenon. It explores the dark side of this industry from the experiences of yacht crews, who are generally seen, but not heard.