bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catheter-related bloodstream infection caused by Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens identified by secA1 sequencing in an immunocompromised child: a case report
Authors: Mizuno Shinsuke , Tsukamura Yoshiyuki , Nishio Shuro , Ishida Toshiaki , Hasegawa Daiichiro , Kosaka Yoshiyuki , Ooka Tadasuke , Nishi Junichiro , Kasai Masashi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: Tsukamurellaspp. are obligate aerobic, gram-positive, non-motile, and slightly acid-fast bacilli belonging to the Actinomycetes family. Theyshare many characteristics with Nocardia, Rhodococcus, Gordonia, and the rapidly growing Mycobacterium species. Therefore, standard testing may misidentify Tsukamurella spp. as another species. Accurate and rapid diagnosis is critical for proper infection management, but identification of this bacterium is difficult in the standard laboratory setting.
Case presentation: A bloodstream infection caused by a gram-positive bacterium and related to a central venous catheter was identified in an immunocompromised 2-year-old girl. Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens was identified by modified secA1 sequencing. Antibiotic treatment and removal of the central venous catheter resolved the infection. Inappropriate management of the catheter during an overnight stay outside of the hospital was considered as a possible source of infection.
Conclusions: SecA1 sequencing may be a useful diagnostic tool in the identification of T. tyrosinosolvens. Providing proper central venous catheter care instructions to patients, their families, and medical staff is important for infection prevention.
Seasonal variation in the metabolome expression of Jania rubens (Rhodophyta) reveals eicosapentaenoic acid as a potential anticancer metabolite
Authors: Krupnik Nimrod , Israel Alvaro , Meiri David 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Seaweeds of the intertidal zone are subjected to diverse stresses due to environmental changes in radiation, salinity, water quality, herbivore communities, etc. Thus, marine seaweeds developed various unique compounds to deal with environmental fluctuations. Therefore, they are a good source of unique novel compounds. Here, we explored the seasonal metabolomics changes in J. rubens and found notable changes between extracts of different seasons in the metabolomic profile and in their anticancer activity. The most bioactive extract was from samples collected during the Fall season, which demonstrated an LC50 of 178.39 µg/ml toward Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), followed by the Winter season extract. The Fall and Winter extracts also displayed more resemblance in their metabolic profile relative to Spring and Summer extracts. The Fall extract was fractionated and tested for cytotoxic activity toward an array of cancer cell lines. Through a series of fractionations followed by a bio-guided assay, we isolated and identified the essential fatty acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, as the active anticancer agent, showing an LC50 of 5.23 µg · ml− 1 toward NSCLC. Our results emphasize the potential use of J. rubens as a source of beneficial fatty acids and stress the importance of environmental effects on metabolic constitutes.
The effect of lemborexant on insomnia in patients with psychiatric disorders: detailed evaluation using the Athens Insomnia Scale
Authors: Murayama Tomonori , Ito Yuji , Narita Kenji , Ishida Tetsuro , Hinotsu Shiro , Fujita Masahiko 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Chronic insomnia is common and associated with reduced quality of life. Benzodiazepine hypnotics are commonly prescribed for insomnia, but have potential side effects including concentration impairment, somnolence, and dependence. Lemborexant is an orexin receptor antagonist considered to have fewer side effects. The objectives of this study were to evaluate in detail the effects of lemborexant and examine whether the addition of lemborexant could gradually taper off benzodiazepine hypnotics. We retrospectively examined the effectiveness of lemborexant in 28 outpatients with insomnia. Insomnia symptoms were assessed using the Athens Insomnia Scale before and after lemborexant administration. We also attempted to taper and assessed doses of benzodiazepine hypnotics using diazepam equivalents for some patients taking benzodiazepine hypnotics. The mean Athens Insomnia Scale score was significantly improved after lemborexant treatment (8.7 ± 5.2 vs. 3.8 ± 3.3; p < 0.01). Among the Athens Insomnia Scale sub-items, significant improvement was observed for six items: sleep induction, awakenings during the night, total sleep duration, sleep quality, well-being, functioning capacity, and sleepiness during the day. The mean benzodiazepine dose was significantly lower after lemborexant treatment (4.6 ± 5.0 mg vs. 2.1 ± 3.3 mg; p < 0.01). This study indicated the potential of lemborexant for improving insomnia and reducing benzodiazepine dose.
Spatio-temporal analysis of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza HPAI (H5N1) in poultry in Menofia governorate, Egypt
Authors: Elsobky Yumna , Eltholth Mahmoud , Abdalla Ehsan , Eissa Nourhan , Hadad Ghada , Nayel Mohamed , Salama Akram , Mousa Walid , Kamal Ahmed , Elkamshishi Mohamed 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: Menofia governorate is one of Lower Egypt's governorates where the probability of zoonotic transmission of the H5N1 pandemic was high. This study aimed to investigate the spatiotemporal pattern, identify, and trace the highest risk clusters of HPAI H5N1 outbreaks at the subdistrict/village level in Menofia governorate, from 2006 to 2017 as a trial for tracking the HPAI H5N1 endemicity dynamics for better establishment of effective disease control strategies at that level.
Results: The epidemic curve in Menofia was similar to the national curve. Although the poultry population in Menofia was affected earlier than other places, the 1st Epidemic Wave (EW) started one week after the initial outbreak in Egypt, the HPAI H5N1 outbreaks never initiated from Menofia in all EWs. The outbreaks' spatial risk increases at the northern governorate border with a decrease in the spatial risk by the 6th EW. The hot spot region in Menofia was found in rural districts, especially villages, while outbreak density decreased with increased urbanization. Observed smoothed densities describe epidemic spread dynamics where the infection spreads and connects many different locations inside the same city, before jumping to new areas and directly connecting the nearest neighbor cities. The primary clusters could be predicted since they occur in the same areas where the highest relative risk clusters were recorded in the previous wave. Identifying continuous pinpointing clusters that persist for a long time, possibly spanning months, indicates the local transmission of the virus among poultry due to contact and widespread circulation. It is crucial to take early measures to prevent outbreaks at the initial sites before the outbreak acceleration phase, in order to minimize the geographic spread and confine the infection to specific areas. That suggests the need for the establishment of effective disease control strategies at the subdistrict level based on a better understanding of the endemicity dynamics.
Fine-scale clonal structure of the lingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea under the nurse plant Pinus pumila vegetation in alpine region, Mt. Norikura.
Authors: Sugimoto Kensuke , Kawai Rio , Koizumi Takahiko , Matsuo Ayumi , Suyama Yoshihisa , MIZUKI INOUE 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Nursery effect is a positive interaction wherein a nurse plant improves the abiotic environment for another species (beneficiary plant) and facilitates its establishment. The evergreen shrub Vaccinium vitis-idaea (beneficiary plant) grows mainly under the dwarf shrub Pinus pumila (nurse plant) in the alpine regions of central Japan. However, whether V. vitis-idaea shrubs under various P. pumila shrubs spread through clonal growth and/or seeds remains unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate the clonal structure of V. vitis-idaea under the nurse plant, P. pumila, in Japanese alpine regions. MIG-seq analysis was conducted to compare isolated and patchy P. pumila plots on the ridge (PATs) and plots covered by dense P. pumila on the slope (MAT) on Mt. Norikura, Japan. We detected 15 and 17 multi-locus genotypes in 209 ramets across 11 PATs and 130 ramets in one MAT, respectively. Approximately half of the PATs consisted of a single genet. These results suggest that the seeds of V. vitis-idaea were dispersed under small P. pumila patchy shrubs and spread by clonal growth in small PATs. The genet abundance curve of MAT was more moderate than that of PATs, and the clonal diversity of MAT was lower than that of PATs on a small scale. Therefore, spatial spread of the nurse plant P. pumila facilitates germination via the seeds of V. vitis-idaea. Our results show that the nursery effect on the genetic diversity of beneficiary plant increased positively with the spatial size of nurse plants in alpine regions, leading the sustainability of the beneficiary populations.
Influence of non-climatic stress factors on coastal agriculture along nellore coast, andhra pradesh using remote sensing and gis
Authors: Sambandan Rajakumari , Sethu Sundari , Manickam Meenambikai , Jayadevan Sarunjith Kaladevi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Coastal areas provide fertile soil and suitable climatic condition for agriculture. Coastal agriculture renders significant contribution to the livelihood and economy of the local communities and also to the nation’s food production. Recent years witness visible loss in the coastal agricultural areas due to increasing climatic and non-climatic factors. Besides climatic stress, non-climatic factors such as growing population, land conversions and other economic activities induce dramatic changes in the extent of agricultural lands especially along the coast. This study attempted to assess the impact of the non-climatic factors on coastal agricultural areas of Nellore in Andhra Pradesh. The period of assessment is from 1990 to 2020 using temporal satellite images. The study indicated a loss of about 28% of arable lands within the assessed period. Using the past trends, the status of the agricultural lands in 2030 is predicted for the area which indicated a further21% loss in the arable lands. Village wise impacts of agriculture loss with appropriate scientific approach to sustain coastal agricultural lands are indicated in the study. Remote Sensing, GIS and spatial modeling techniques are used for the assessment.
Prediction of total soil nitrogen variations using three machine learning approaches and remote sensing data
Authors: Felegari Shilan , Moravej Kamran , Sharifi Alireza , Golchin Ahmad , Karami Parviz 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The fluctuation of total soil nitrogen (TSN) levels, whether it be an excessive increase or decrease, can result in microbial contamination, decreased vegetation coverage, and reduced agricultural product yield. However, analyzing nitrogen levels in a laboratory setting can be a costly and time-consuming process when done on a large scale. As a solution, remote sensing technology can be utilized to address this issue. In this research, the data capabilities of Landsat-9 and Sentinel-1 satellites and their integration along, with the use of support vector machine (SVM), boosted regression tree (BRT), and random forest (RF) algorithms, were evaluated in the zoning of TSN values in the soil of paddy fields in northern Iran. Several variables were used that had the potential to predict TSN values. TSN estimation accuracy was not achieved with the SVM algorithm. However, the BRT and RF algorithms were able to monitor TSN changes, with the BRT performing better by accurately capturing 58% of changes due to its higher R2 value (0.58) and lower RMSE (0.25) and MAE (0.19) values. LULC maps and BC-3 band data variables play a key role in producing the TSN map. Hence, utilizing SAR data in conjunction with machine learning algorithms is a viable recommendation for monitoring soil nitrogen levels, particularly in regions with high rainfall where the sky is frequently overcast with clouds and fog. SAR data, with the biggest share (31%), was the most important variable in the BRT algorithm.
Willingness toward post-mortem body donation to science at a Mexican university: an exploratory survey
Authors: Meester Irene , Guajardo Miriam Polino , Ramos Alyra del Carmen Treviño , Solís-Soto Juan Manuel , Rojas-Martínez Augusto 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
. Voluntary post-mortem donation to science (PDS) is the most appropriate source for body dissection to medical education and training, and highly useful for biomedical research. In Mexico, unclaimed bodies are no longer a legal source, but PDS is legally possible, though scarcely facilitated, and mostly ignored by the general population. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the attitude and willingness for PDS and to identify a sociodemographic profile of people with willingness towards PDS.
Methods
. A validated on-line survey was distributed by the convenience method via the social networks of a Catholicism-inspired, private university in northern Mexico. Frequency analyses of all variables and coded free comments were complemented with association studies.
Results
. Although the responder cohort (n = 143) was too small and biased to be representative for the university community (n = 13,500), willingness to post-mortem organ donation was 90.7% and to PDS 70.7%. In this cohort, PDS willingness had the strongest association with mature age (> 40 years old; P, 0.0008). Among young adults, willingness to PDS was the lowest among volunteers from technical and business schools and the highest among those from the social sciences (P, 0.009). Respondents from the social sciences were also the most consistent between attitude and behavior with respect to organ donation. A free comment option revealed respondents were interested in the unusual taboo topic.
Conclusions
. A small, but sufficiently large proportion expressed willingness towards DPS. Therefore, the authors invite Mexican medical schools and biomedical research institutes to organize PDS programs in favor of medical teaching and biomedical research.
Assessing Mental Health Differences in Medical Students Between Traditional vs. PBL Curriculums
Authors: Jestin Maxim , Sharma Shelly , Jhaveri Deval , Mitchell Brittany , Micciche Dean , Venkataraman Venkat , Lambert Kathryn 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
The prevalence of mental health struggles among students in medical school is widely reported however, little is known about how it is impacted by medical school curriculum. This study aimed to evaluate differences in anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion in medical students based on gender, class year, and curriculum.
Methods
An anonymous online survey consisting of questions from established, validated questionnaires about demographics, anxiety, depression, emotional exhaustion, and personal health behaviors was sent to 817 medical students who attended Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine during the Spring of 2021.
Results
The survey was completed by 222 students. Females experienced higher levels of anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion than males. Students in the problem-based curriculum (PBL) had lower levels of emotional exhaustion than their peers in the lecture-based curriculum (LBL). Increase in emotional exhaustion was most pronounced between 1st and 2nd year students. Emotional exhaustion was inversely correlated with sleep and exercise.
Conclusions
On average, students who were either male or in the PBL curriculum experienced less mental distress in the form of anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion than their peers. While gender continues to be an established factor in how mental distress is experienced, the reduced levels of emotional exhaustion in PBL students is a novel finding that can potentially shed light on how to better optimize medical education. Despite the lower number of PBL students, to our knowledge, this is the first study comparing two different curricula within a single institution. This finding along with a focus on good sleep and exercise habits may provide a path for improving mental health in medical students.
Genetic composition of high-quality winter wheat varieties ‘Xinmai 26’ and ‘Xinmai 45’
Authors: Yang Li-Juan , Ma Jian , Zhang Da-Le , Yang Hai-Feng , Dong Yan-Qi , Qi Zeng-Jun , Li Meng-Jiao , Jiang Zhi-Kai , Ma Hua-Ping 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
High quality is an important goal of wheat breeding. Several super-strong gluten wheat varieties, e.g. ‘Xinmai 26’ and ‘Xinmai 45’, have been bred to meet the needs of the consumer market. However, the genetic composition, transmission frequency and genetic contribution of these varieties and their progeny are not clear, which is. To analyze the genetic composition of the high-quality strong gluten wheat varieties ‘Xinmai 26’ and ‘Xinmai 45’, the genetic contribution rates of male and female parents to the varieties were determined using 6056 SNP markers detected by a widely used high-throughput wheat array (15K chip). Additionally, the chromosome polymorphisms of five related wheat varieties were determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using four oligonucleotide probe sets. The results showed that the genetic contribution rate of ‘Jinan 17’ against ‘Xinmai 26’ was 55.97%, much higher than the 15.81% of ‘Xinmai 18’. ‘Jimai 20’ showed a genetic contribution rate of 57.53% against ‘Xinmai 45’, slightly higher than that of ‘Xinmai 26’ at 40.21%. The specific fragment differences from male and female parents were identified in both breeding varieties, and ‘Xinmai 26’ had more specific fragments that differed from male and female parents than ‘Xinmai 45’. The chromosomes of group A and group B of the five varieties were significantly polymorphic, but no chromosomal translocations or inversions were found. These promising results will allow exploration of the genetic pattern of high-quality varieties, promote breeding efficiency, and facilitate utilization of the superior traits of backbone parents for wheat quality improvement.
Trend, geographical distribution, and determinants of modern contraceptive utilization among married reproductive-age women, Based on 2000, 2005, 2011, and 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Demis Teshome , Bekele Zinabu , Eshete Eyob , Wake Fikadu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
The most common family planning method is modern contraception. It is a cost-effective way to reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality and enable women to make informed choices about their reproductive and sexual health. The trend of modern contraceptive utilization has shown drastic change in Ethiopia, and identifying the major factors contributing to such a drastic change is vital to improving plans and strategies for family planning programs. Therefore, this study analyzed the trend, geographical distribution, and determinants of modern contraceptive use among married reproductive-age women in Ethiopia.
Method
A population-based cross-sectional study design was conducted using secondary data analysis from the 2000–2016 EDHS among married reproductive-age women (15–49 years of age). The trend in modern contraceptive use was analyzed using descriptive analyses, which were examined in three phases: 2000–2005, 2005–2011, and 2011–2016. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were done to identify determinant factors. Finally, a P-value of 0.05 and an adjusted OR with the correspondence 95% confidence interval were used to declare the significant variables. Analysis was conducted using STATA.14 and R. Spatial analysis was done using ArcGIS version 10.8 and SatScan™ version 9.6.
Result
A weighted total of 33,478 women are included in the study, with a mean age of 31.4 years (8.6 SD). There was a significant increase in the trend of modern contraceptive use among married women over the study period, from 2000 to 2016, from 7.2% in 2000 to 15.7% in 2005, to 30% in 2011, and to 39.5% in 2016. The maximum increase was seen in the second phase (2005–2011), with a 14.3% increase. Factors like age of respondents, educational status, religion, residence, region, wealth index, number of living children, husbands' desire to have more children, and media exposure were found to be predictors for modern contraceptive utilization.
Conclusion
Although modern contraceptive use among young married women has shown an increase over the last 15 years in Ethiopia, we need to work hard since the contraceptive prevalence is below 50%. There is evidence of wide geographical variation in modern contraceptive use in Ethiopia.
Linear cosmological perturbations in $f(Q)$ -gravity model using the $1 + 3$ covariant formalism
Authors: Sahlu Shambel , Tsegaye Endalkachew , Abebe Amare 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this manuscript, the evolution of scalar perturbations in f(Q) gravity mode using the 1 + 3 covariant formalism is studied. After reviewing f(Q) cosmology, the first-order evolution equations are derived, and the scalar and harmonic decomposition techniques are applied. We then solve the system of equations to find the density fluctuations through redshift and then apply the quasi-static approximation. The numerical results of density fluctuations are presented in dust and radiation-dominated epochs of the universe, and both wavelength modes: long- and short-wavelength modes are considered for the case of radiation dominated universe. From the results of density fluctuations, we clearly observe the contribution of nonmetricity gravity to the formation of large-scale structures. We use the power-law nonmetricity gravity model which is f(Q) = Q + αQn for numerical analysis.
Solving Matrix games with Trapezoidal Intuitionistic Fuzzy Payoff using Score Function
Authors: Thasneem S. A. Sahathana , Sasikala G. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this paper the score function is used to solve Matrix game with Trapezoidal Intuitionistic Fuzzy(TrIF) payoff. The proposed method is applied to defuzzify the payoff matrix then the matrix is solved by mixed strategy method. The technique is illustrated by a numerical example.
MSC: 91-05
Theoretical insight into the mechanism and selectivity of the [3+2] Cycloaddition Reaction of N-methyl-1-phenylmethanimine Oxide and Bicyclopropylidene with a MEDT Perspective
Authors: Mohammad-Salim Haydar , de Julián-Ortiz Jesus Vicente 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe mechanism and regioselectivity of [3+2] cycloaddition (32CA) reactions of N-methyl-1-phenylmethanimine oxide nitrone1and bicyclopropylidene2are analyzed using molecular electron density theory (MEDT) at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level. A study of the electron localisation function (ELF) predicts thezwitter-ionicnature of the nitrone, allowing its participation inzw-type32CA reactions with a high energy barrier that must be surmounted by suitable electrophilic–nucleophilic interactions. The global electronic flux from the strong nucleophilic bicyclopropylidene2to the electrophilic nitrone1is predicted by an analysis of the CDFT indices. In this 32CA reaction, no new covalent bonds are generated at the TSs, and the mechanism is one-step and kinetically controlled with low asynchronous bond production. The Gibbs free energy of this 32CA reaction in the gas phase is -9.88 and -15.01 kcal.mol-1forexoandendopath, respectively. The increased thermodynamic stability of the cycloadducts4favors theendoregiochemical route. The ELF topological examination at the transition stages is in agreement with the predictions of bonding evolution theory (BET) for theendoandexoroutes, which point to a one-step process including early transition states.