bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptomic, proteomic, and functional consequences of codon usage bias in human cells during heterologous gene expression
Authors: Picard Marion A. L. , Leblay Fiona , Cassan Cécile , Willemsen Anouk , Daron Josquin , Bauffe Frédérique , Decourcelle Mathilde , Demange Antonin , Bravo Ignacio G. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDifferences in codon frequency between genomes, genes, or positions along a gene, modulate transcription and translation efficiency, leading to phenotypic and functional differences. Here, we present a multiscale analysis of the effects of synonymous codon recoding during heterologous gene expression in human cells, quantifying the phenotypic consequences of codon usage bias at different molecular and cellular levels, with an emphasis on translation elongation. Six synonymous versions of an antibiotic resistance gene were generated, fused to a fluorescent reporter, and independently expressed in HEK293 cells. Multiscale phenotype was analyzed by means of quantitative transcriptome and proteome assessment, as proxies for gene expression; cellular fluorescence, as a proxy for single‐cell level expression; and real‐time cell proliferation in absence or presence of antibiotic, as a proxy for the cell fitness. We show that differences in codon usage bias strongly impact the molecular and cellular phenotype: (i) they result in large differences in mRNA levels and protein levels, leading to differences of over 15 times in translation efficiency; (ii) they introduce unpredicted splicing events; (iii) they lead to reproducible phenotypic heterogeneity; and (iv) they lead to a trade‐off between the benefit of antibiotic resistance and the burden of heterologous expression. In human cells in culture, codon usage bias modulates gene expression by modifying mRNA availability and suitability for translation, leading to differences in protein levels and eventually eliciting functional phenotypic changes.
Investigation on Phyto‐active Constituent ofClerodendrum paniculatumas Therapeutic Agent against Viral Diseases
Authors: Prathima T. S. , Ahmad Md. Gulzar , Karuppasamy Ramanathan , Chanda Kaushik , Balamurali M. M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe ability of alcohol extracted constituents from the leaves ofClerodendrum paniculatumto inhibit SARS‐CoV‐2 was investigated through various computational methods like docking, molecular dynamic simulations and pharmacokinetic predictions. Of the various active constituents, quercetin was identified as a potent inhibitor that can bind strongly to the active site of main protease (Mpro) and spike protein of the virus with respective binding free energy of −41.07 and −40.76 kcal mol−1. Molecular dynamic simulations also supported the binding interactions by the presence of strong hydrogen bonding interactions with the key residues in the binding pocket of the target protein. The results were ascertained experimentally by evaluating the inhibition potential of the extract against spike and Mproproteins of SARS‐CoV‐2.
PEGylated Redox/pH Dual‐Responsive Dendritic Prodrugs Based on Boltorn® H40 for Tumor Triggered Paclitaxel Delivery
Authors: Mohammadi Elham , Jamal Tabatabaei Rezaei Seyed , Nedaei Keivan , Ramazani Ali , Ramazani Ali 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA new PEGylated redox/pH dual‐responsive dendritic prodrug (H40‐SS‐PTX/PEG) based on commercially available dendritic polyester, boltorn® H40 (H40), as starting core template was developed and characterized for tumor triggered paclitaxel delivery. The size of the nanocarrier was determined 100 nm by TEM. The results of in vitro drug release study showed that the designed prodrugs exhibit quite intelligent behavior. Thus, under normal physiological conditions (pH=7.4), a very small amount of the drug was released, while in the case of tumor tissue (pH=5.5 and 10 mM DTT) a significant percentage of the drug was released in a same time. Also, the study of the effectiveness of the prodrugs under in vitro condition showed very good results on human breast adenocarcinoma cells. These results suggest that H40‐SS‐PTX/PEG could be a promising multifunctional nanocarrier with excellent stability for safely delivering and releasing of the drug molecules inside the cancerous cells.
DMSO/PhPOCl2Mediated Direct Methanethiolation of Uracils
Authors: Liu An‐Di , Liu Li , Cheng Liang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAn efficient method for the direct methanethiolation of uracil and its derivatives was explored. Commercially available dimethyl sulfoxide was used as the methylthio source. A group of substituted uracils were successfully obtained in moderate to excellent yields when the combination of dimethyl sulfoxide and phenylphosphonic dichloride was used.
Pentagonal Bipyramidal 3 d‐Metal Complexes Derived from a Dimethylcarbamoyl‐Substituted Pentadentate‐[N3O2] Ligand: Aiming for Increased Solubility
Authors: Jubault Valentin , Genevois François , Pradines Barthélémy , Cahier Benjamin , Jbeli Wejden , Suaud Nicolas , Guihéry Nathalie , Duhayon Carine , Pichon Céline , Sutter Jean‐Pascal 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA pentadentate‐[N3O2] ligand, H2LNMe2, formed by condensation of diacetyl pyridine and dimethylcarbamoyl hydrazide (i. e. Me2NCONHNH2), is reported to yield mononuclear pentagonal bipyramidal (PBP) metal complexes with CrIII, MnII, FeII, CoII, and NiII, that exhibit good solubility in a wide range of solvents as compared to the classically used H2LR ligands. With CuII, dinuclear complexes were obtained. The potassium salt of the deprotonated ligand, K2LNMe2, was also characterized. The reported complexes consist of [CrH2LNMe2Cl2] ⋅ Cl; Cat[CrLNMe2(CN)2] (Cat=K+ or PNP+); [MH2LNMe2(H2O)2] ⋅ (ClO4)2 with M=MnII, CoII, or NiII; [FeH2LNMe2(MeCN)2] ⋅ (PF6)2 ⋅ MeCN; [FeH2LNMe2(MeOH)X] ⋅ X (X=Br or I); [{CuH2LNMe2}2(MeOH)(ClO4)] ⋅ (ClO4)3 ⋅ 1H2O⋅1.75H2O; [CuHLNMe2]2 ⋅ (ClO4)2 ⋅ H2O; and [CuH2LNMe2(H2O)]2 ⋅ (ClO4)4 ⋅ 5H2O. The magnetic behaviors of the PBP derivatives were assessed, especially the zero‐field splitting (ZFS) characteristics for the CrIII, FeII, CoII, and NiII derivatives. The ZFS characteristics were also determined from ab initio theoretical calculations. The obtained values confirm those extracted from magnetic measurements.
A stretchable and reconfigurable synaptic transistor
Authors: Zhu Dongyang , Ji Deyang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractStretchable and reconfigurable artificial synaptic devices with both excitatory and inhibitory properties have a wide range of applications and requirements in high‐performance neuromorphic computing and wearable electronics. Shim et al. have realized reconfigurable synaptic transistors with excitatory and inhibitory properties in the stretched state through elastic bilayer semiconductors, demonstrating great potential for neuromorphic computing.
Werkstoffeigenschaften höchstfesten Baustahls S960QL im Brandfall
Authors: Uszball Sara , Knobloch Markus 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn Hoch‐ und Industriebauten werden aufgrund ihres guten Festigkeit‐zu‐Gewicht‐Verhältnisses zunehmend hoch‐ und höchstfeste Baustähle in Form von Blechen, Rohren und Profilstahl eingesetzt. Für Bauwerke mit Brandschutzanforderungen wird der Einsatz hochfester Baustähle derzeit jedoch durch fehlende Kenntnisse zum temperatur‐ und ratenabhängigen Werkstoffverhalten gehemmt. Für eine realitätsnahe Modellierung des Tragverhaltens von Stahlstrukturen stellen umfassende Kenntnisse zum Werkstoffverhalten eine essenzielle Grundlage dar. Im Rahmen des FOSTA‐Forschungsvorhabens P 1502 werden systematische Untersuchungen zu den Werkstoffeigenschaften von höchstfesten Baustählen in Form eines umfangreichen Zugversuchsprogramms durchgeführt. Ziel ist es, das strukturelle Werkstoffverhalten während aller Phasen eines Brands, einschließlich der Abkühlphase, zu charakterisieren. Der vorliegende Beitrag thematisiert das Werkstoffverhalten von vergütetem Baustahl S960QL im Brandfall. Es werden Versuchsergebnisse stationärer sowie instationärer Warmzugversuche zur Charakterisierung des Werkstoffverhaltens während der Heizphase vorgestellt, bewertet und mit bekannten Werkstoffmodellen verglichen. Ergänzend werden die Ergebnisse von Naturbrandversuchen zur Untersuchung des Werkstoffverhaltens in der Abkühlphase von Bränden sowie der Resttragfähigkeit präsentiert.
Bilateral ultrasound‐guided lateral quadratus lumborum block in a minipig undergoing ovariectomy
Authors: Klonner Moriz Ettore , Verdier Natali , Otero Pablo E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA 2‐year‐old Göttingen miniature pig was presented for elective ovariectomy. After premedication with ketamine 15 mg/kg and azaperone 2 mg/kg intramuscularly, general anaesthesia was induced with propofol 1.5 mg/kg intravenously. With the animal in sternal recumbency, a 15 × 15 cm area on the dorsolateral aspect of the flank at the level of the second lumbar vertebra (L2) was clipped and aseptically prepared. Using a linear transducer, the epaxial musculature as well as the quadratus lumborum and abdominal wall muscles were identified. Then, 0.6 ml/kg of 0.25% ropivacaine was injected bilaterally at the level of L2 using a ventral‐to‐dorsal in‐plane approach under ultrasound guidance. Anaesthesia was stable and uneventful. Predefined thresholds for nociception were not exceeded at any time. After recovery, regular pain evaluation using the Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)‐Botucatu pig composite acute pain scale did not indicate the need for rescue analgesia up to 4 h after the block was performed.
Variability and long‐term change in Australian monsoon rainfall: A review
Authors: Heidemann Hanna , Cowan Tim , Henley Benjamin J. , Ribbe Joachim , Freund Mandy , Power Scott 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Australian monsoon delivers seasonal rain across a vast area of the continent stretching from the far northern tropics to the semi‐arid regions. This article provides a review of advances in Australian monsoon rainfall (AUMR) research and a supporting analysis of AUMR variability, observed trends, and future projections. AUMR displays a high degree of interannual variability with a standard deviation of approximately 34% of the mean. AUMR variability is mostly driven by the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO), although sea surface temperature anomalies in the tropical Indian Ocean and north of Australia also play a role. Decadal AUMR variability is strongly linked to the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO), partially through the IPO's impact on the strength and position of the Pacific Walker Circulation and the South Pacific Convergence Zone. AUMR exhibits a century‐long positive trend, which is large (approximately 20 mm per decade) and statistically significant over northwest Australia. The cause of the observed trend is still debated. Future changes in AUMR over the next century remain uncertain due to low climate model agreement on the sign of change. Recommendations to improve the understanding of AUMR and confidence in AUMR projections are provided. This includes improving the representation of atmospheric convective processes in models, further explaining the mechanisms responsible for AUMR variability and change. Clarifying the mechanisms of AUMR variability and change would aid with creating more sustainable future agricultural systems by increasing the reliability of predictions and projections.This article is categorized under:
Paleoclimates and Current Trends > Modern Climate Change
Is carbon removal delaying emission reductions?
Authors: Carton Wim , Hougaard Inge‐Merete , Markusson Nils , Lund Jens Friis 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCarbon dioxide removal is rapidly becoming a key focus in climate research and politics. This is raising concerns of “moral hazard” or “mitigation deterrence,” that is, the risk that promises of and/or efforts to pursue carbon removal end up reducing or delaying near‐term mitigation efforts. Some, however, contest this risk, arguing that it is overstated or lacking evidence. In this review, we explore the reasons behind the disagreement in the literature. We unpack the different ways in which moral hazard/mitigation deterrence (MH/MD) is conceptualized and examine how these conceptualizations inform assessments of MH/MD risks. We find that MH/MD is a commonly recognized feature of modeled mitigation pathways but that conclusions as to the real‐world existence of MH/MD diverge on individualistic versus structural approaches to examining it. Individualistic approaches favor narrow conceptualizations of MH/MD, which tend to exclude the wider political‐economic contexts in which carbon removal emerges. This exclusion limits the value and relevance of such approaches. We argue for a broader understanding of what counts as evidence of delaying practices and propose a research agenda that complements theoretical accounts of MH/MD with empirical studies of the political‐economic structures that may drive mitigation deterrence dynamics.This article is categorized under:
The Carbon Economy and Climate Mitigation > Benefits of Mitigation
The Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Sociology/Anthropology of Climate Knowledge
Policy and Governance > Multilevel and Transnational Climate Change Governance
Inequalities in cancer mortality trends in people with type 2 diabetes: 20 year population-based study in England
Authors: Ling Suping , Zaccardi Francesco , Issa Eyad , Davies Melanie J. , Khunti Kamlesh , Brown Karen 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
The aim of this study was to describe the long-term trends in cancer mortality rates in people with type 2 diabetes based on subgroups defined by sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors.

Methods
We defined a cohort of individuals aged ≥35 years who had newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink between 1 January 1998 and 30 November 2018. We assessed trends in all-cause, all-cancer and cancer-specific mortality rates by age, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, obesity and smoking status. We used Poisson regression to calculate age- and calendar year-specific mortality rates and Joinpoint regression to assess trends for each outcome. We estimated standardised mortality ratios comparing mortality rates in people with type 2 diabetes with those in the general population.

Results
Among 137,804 individuals, during a median follow-up of 8.4 years, all-cause mortality rates decreased at all ages between 1998 and 2018; cancer mortality rates also decreased for 55- and 65-year-olds but increased for 75- and 85-year-olds, with average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) of –1.4% (95% CI –1.5, –1.3), –0.2% (–0.3, –0.1), 1.2% (0.8, 1.6) and 1.6% (1.5, 1.7), respectively. Higher AAPCs were observed in women than men (1.5% vs 0.5%), in the least deprived than the most deprived (1.5% vs 1.0%) and in people with morbid obesity than those with normal body weight (5.8% vs 0.7%), although all these stratified subgroups showed upward trends in cancer mortality rates. Increasing cancer mortality rates were also observed in people of White ethnicity and former/current smokers, but downward trends were observed in other ethnic groups and non-smokers. These results have led to persistent inequalities by gender and deprivation but widening disparities by smoking status. Constant upward trends in mortality rates were also observed for pancreatic, liver and lung cancer at all ages, colorectal cancer at most ages, breast cancer at younger ages, and prostate and endometrial cancer at older ages. Compared with the general population, people with type 2 diabetes had a more than 1.5-fold increased risk of colorectal, pancreatic, liver and endometrial cancer mortality during the whole study period.

Conclusions/interpretation
In contrast to the declines in all-cause mortality rates at all ages, the cancer burden has increased in older people with type 2 diabetes, especially for colorectal, pancreatic, liver and endometrial cancer. Tailored cancer prevention and early detection strategies are needed to address persistent inequalities in the older population, the most deprived and smokers.

Graphical abstract
Strenuous physical activity, exercise, and pelvic organ prolapse: a narrative scoping review
Authors: Bø Kari , Anglès-Acedo Sònia , Batra Achla , Brækken Ingeborg H. , Chan Yi Ling , Jorge Cristine Homsi , Kruger Jennifer , Yadav Manisha , Dumoulin Chantale 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
High-intensity physical activity and exercise have been listed as possible risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse (POP). The aim of the present study is to conduct a literature review on the prevalence and incidence of POP in women who engage in regular physical activity. In addition, we review the effects of a single exercise or a single session of exercise on pelvic floor support. Finally, the effect of exercises on POP in the early postpartum period is reviewed.

Methods
This is a narrative scoping review. We searched PubMed and Ovid Medline, the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews up to May 2022 with the following MeSH terms: “physical activity” AND “exercise” AND “pelvic floor” AND “pelvic organ prolapse”.

Results
Eight prevalence studies were retrieved. Prevalence rates of symptomatic POP varied between 0 (small study within different sports) and 23% (Olympic weightlifters and power lifters). Parity was the only factor associated with POP in most studies. Three studies evaluated the pelvic floor after a single exercise or one session of exercise and found increased vaginal descent or increased POP symptoms. One prospective cohort study reported the development of POP after 6 weeks of military parashot training, and one randomized trial reported increased POP symptoms after transverse abdominal training. There is scant knowledge on exercise and POP in the postpartum period.

Conclusions
Prevalence of POP in sports varies widely. Experimental and prospective studies indicate that strenuous exercise increased POP symptoms and reduced pelvic floor support.
Robotik und Sensortechnik
Authors: Ruckelshausen Arno 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungSensorsysteme und Feldrobotik sind sowohl wichtige Hilfsmittel als auch Innovationstreiber zur Gestaltung einer nachhaltigeren Landwirtschaft. Insbesondere der Einsatz bildgebender Sensoren mit räumlicher und zeitlicher Auflösung hat in Verbindung mit dem landwirtschaftlichen Wissen das Potenzial, ökologische und ökonomische Zielkonflikte aufzulösen. Die Feldrobotik hat aktuell eine hohe Dynamik im Bereich innovativer Lösungsansätze und erster im Markt befindlicher Produkte. Im Bereich der Systemintegration in den landwirtschaftlichen Betrieb sowie in der Weiterbildung und im Service besteht noch erheblicher Handlungsbedarf für die Feldrobotik, auch ist eine stärkere Fokussierung auf den Nutzen der Systeme für signifikante Marktanteile erforderlich.
Assessment of association between lower ureteric excision technique and oncological outcomes for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma: retrospective analysis from the Scottish Renal Cancer Consortium
Authors: Blackmur James Peter , Chew Etienne , Trail Matthew , Brodie Katie , Santoni Nicola , Rodger Flora , Hamilton David , Gaba Fortis , Randall Sophie , Nalagatla Sarika , Little Brian , Janjua Khalid , Sweeney Clare , Martindale Andrew , Qureshi Khaver , Riddick Antony , O’Connor Kevin , McNeill S. Alan , Phipps Simon , Cutress Mark L. , Mains Edward A. A. , Dunn Ian , Reid Sarah , Stewart Grant D. , Lamb Gavin , Aslam Muhammad Zeeshan , Leung Steve , Clark Ross , Wilson Ian , Oades Grenville , Chapman Alexander , Laird Alexander 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Nephroureterectomy(NU) remains the gold-standard surgical option for the management of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma(UTUC). Controversy exists regarding the optimal excision technique of the lower ureter. We sought to compare post-UTUC bladder tumour recurrence across the Scottish Renal Cancer Consortium(SRCC).

Methods
Patients who underwent NU for UTUC across the SRCC 2012–2019 were identified. The impact of lower-end surgical technique along with T-stage, N-stage, tumour location and focality, positive surgical margin, pre-NU ureteroscopy, upper-end technique and adjuvant mitomycin C administration were assessed by Kaplan–Meier and Cox-regression. The primary outcome was intra-vesical recurrence-free survival (B-RFS).

Results
In 402 patients, the median follow-up was 29 months. The lower ureter was managed by open transvesical excision in 90 individuals, transurethral and laparoscopic dissection in 76, laparoscopic or open extra-vesical excision in 31 and 42 respectively, and transurethral dissection and pluck in 163. 114(28.4%) patients had a bladder recurrence during follow-up. There was no difference in B-RFS between lower-end techniques by Kaplan–Meier (p = 0.94). When all factors were taken into account by adjusted Cox-regression, preceding ureteroscopy (HR 2.65, p = 0.001), lower ureteric tumour location (HR 2.16, p = 0.02), previous bladder cancer (HR 1.75, p = 0.01) and male gender (HR 1.61, p = 0.03) were associated with B-RFS.

Conclusion
These data suggest in appropriately selected patients, lower ureteric management technique does not affect B-RFS. Along with lower ureteric tumour location, male gender and previous bladder cancer, preceding ureteroscopy was associated with a higher recurrence rate following NU, and the indication for this should be carefully considered.
New method to separate turbulence statistics of fan rotor wakes from background flow
Authors: Caldas Luciano , Meyer Robert 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The separation of turbulence parameters such as turbulence intensity and integral length scale of fan rotor wakes from background flow from unsteady velocity data is a challenge. The two processes are overlapped, and typically, very few samples of the data are taken inside the rotor wakes, making it hard to perform any spectral analysis. This work proposes a new time domain approach to separate the two processes by using two suitable data tapers. The unsteady velocity cyclic variance distribution is used as reference to establish the border between the blade wakes and the background flow. Results indicate an increase in wake turbulence levels and a slight increase in background turbulence levels with the increase in fan blade loading. The integral length scale of the rotor wakes did not change considerably among the different fan loading analyzed. This contrasts with the values observed for the background flow, which decreased with increasing of fan loading. The rotor wakes seem to be anisotropic, regardless of the fan operating point.

Graphical abstract