bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iron accumulation and axonal damage of cerebellum in idiopathic cervical dystonia
Authors: Li Hongxia , Zhang Ming , Wu Yunhao , Li Yufei , Feng Ruimin , Shen Xiaohui , Wang Yuhan , Sun Xiaoyu , Xue Wenjie , Chen Shengdi , Wei Hongjiang , Wu Yiwen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and purposePostmortem brain study indicated that cerebellar Purkinje cell (PC) loss might be a pathological finding in patients with inherited and idiopathic cervical dystonia (ICD). The analysis of conventional magnetic resonance imaging brain scans failed to yield support for this finding. Previous studies have identified that iron overload can be the consequence of neuron death. The objectives of this study were to investigate iron distribution and demonstrate changes in axons in the cerebellum, providing evidence for PC loss in patients with ICD.MethodsTwenty‐eight patients with ICD (20 females) and 28 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls were recruited. A spatially unbiased infratentorial template was applied to perform cerebellum optimized quantitative susceptibility mapping and diffusion tensor analysis based on magnetic resonance imaging. Voxel‐wise analysis was performed to assess cerebellar tissue magnetic susceptibility and fractional anisotropy (FA) alterations, and the clinical relevance of these findings was investigated in the patients with ICD.ResultsIncreased susceptibility values revealed by quantitative susceptibility mapping in the right lobule CrusI, CrusII, VIIb, VIIIa, VIIIb and IX were found in the patients with ICD. A reduced FA value was found across almost all the cerebellum; an FA value of the significant clusters within the right lobule VIIIa significantly correlated with the motor severity of patients with ICD (r = −0.575,p = 0.002).ConclusionsOur study provided evidence for cerebellar iron overload and axonal damage in patients with ICD, which may indicate PC loss and related axonal changes. These results provide evidence for the neuropathological findings in patients with ICD and further highlight the cerebellar involvement in the pathophysiology of dystonia.
Crustacean zooplankton densities in northern temperate lakes are related to habitat temperature across a wide gradient in lake dissolved organic carbon and nutrient content
Authors: Kelly Patrick T. , Jones Stuart E. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Lake crustacean zooplankton densities often are negatively correlated with terrestrial dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. These reductions in zooplankton with increased DOC are hypothesised to be linked to diminished resource quantity or lower resource quality as terrestrial material is low in essential nutrients and macromolecules. The impact of DOC on lake physics also potentially reduces available habitat for zooplankton as the warm and well‐oxygenated epilimnion is shallower in lakes with high DOC concentrations. Our goal was to investigate these potential mechanisms to determine the influence of DOC on drivers of zooplankton densities in a survey of north temperate lakes.

We sampled crustacean zooplankton densities in 10 lakes that varied in mean DOC concentration from 6 to 27 mg L−1. We also measured resource availability as chlorophyll concentration, resource quality as essential fatty acid (EFA) concentration and the stoichiometric ratio of carbon‐to‐phosphorus (C:P), and habitat availability as integrated habitat temperature and dissolved oxygen to determine the strongest predictor of zooplankton densities across lakes. In addition, we quantified zooplankton habitat use through Schindler trap profiles through the water column.

Zooplankton densities were most strongly related to integrated habitat temperature and were not closely related to measures of resource quantity or quality. Depth of the mix layer was negatively correlated with DOC concentration, yet there was no relationship between DOC concentration and zooplankton habitat use. Overall resource quantity and quality increased across the DOC gradient, as chlorophyll and EFA concentration were greatest in lakes with higher DOC.

Our results indicate the potential for physics‐mediated responses between lake DOC and zooplankton density. As lakes with greater DOC concentrations have, on average, shallower mixed layers and colder habitats, zooplankton may either be constrained to a relatively smaller proportion of the catchment or experience reduced temperatures that may delay development or feeding rates.

Lake DOC concentrations are projected to increase under future climate scenarios, so accompanying changes in lake temperature profiles are likely to follow. These also may reduce food‐web productivity, as shrinking mixed layers or colder total water columns resulting from steeper thermoclines may reduce habitat availability or suitability for zooplankton communities.
Polygenic risk score for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and brain functional networks segregation in a community‐based sample
Authors: Sato João Ricardo , Biazoli Claudinei Eduardo , Bueno Ana Paula Arantes , Caye Arthur , Pan Pedro Mario , Santoro Marcos , Honorato‐Mauer Jessica , Salum Giovanni Abrahão , Hoexter Marcelo Queiroz , Bressan Rodrigo Affonseca , Jackowski Andrea Parolin , Miguel Euripedes Constantino , Belangero Sintia , Rohde Luis Augusto 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNeuroimaging studies suggest that brain development mechanisms might explain at least some behavioural and cognitive attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. However, the putative mechanisms by which genetic susceptibility factors influence clinical features via alterations of brain development remain largely unknown. Here, we set out to integrate genomics and connectomics tools by investigating the associations between an ADHD polygenic risk score (ADHD‐PRS) and functional segregation of large‐scale brain networks. With this aim, ADHD symptoms score, genetic and rs‐fMRI (resting‐state functional magnetic resonance image) data obtained in a longitudinal community‐based cohort of 227 children and adolescents were analysed. A follow‐up was conducted approximately 3 years after the baseline, with rs‐fMRI scanning and ADHD likelihood assessment in both stages. We hypothesised a negative correlation between probable ADHD and the segregation of networks involved in executive functions, and a positive correlation with the default‐mode network (DMN). Our findings suggest that ADHD‐PRS is correlated with ADHD at baseline, but not at follow‐up. Despite not surviving for multiple comparison correction, we found significant correlations between ADHD‐PRS and segregation of cingulo‐opercular networks and DMN at baseline. ADHD‐PRS was negatively correlated with the segregation level of cingulo‐opercular networks but positively correlated with the DMN segregation. These directions of associations corroborate the proposed counter‐balanced role of attentional networks and DMN in attentional processes. However, the association between ADHD‐PRS and brain networks functional segregation was not found at follow‐up. Our results provide evidence for specific influences of genetic factors on development of attentional networks and DMN.We found significant correlations between polygenic risk score for ADHD (ADHD‐PRS) and segregation of cingulo‐opercular networks and default‐mode network (DMN) at baseline. ADHD‐PRS was negatively correlated with the segregation level of cingulo‐opercular networks but positively correlated with the DMN segregation.
The Patient Activation Measure (PAM) and the pandemic: Predictors of patient activation among Australian health consumers during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Dammery Genevieve , Vitangcol Kathryn , Ansell James , Ellis Louise A. , Smith Carolynn L. , Carrigan Ann , Braithwaite Jeffrey , Zurynski Yvonne 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundPreventative healthcare is crucial for improving individual patient outcomes and is integral to sustainable health systems. The effectiveness of prevention programs is enhanced by activated populations who are capable of managing their own health and are proactive to keep themselves well. However, little is known about the level of activation among people drawn from general populations. We used the Patient Activation Measure (PAM) to address this knowledge gap.MethodsA representative, population‐based survey of Australian adults was conducted in October 2021 during the Delta strain outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Comprehensive demographic information was collected, and the participants completed the Kessler‐6 psychological distress scale (K6) and PAM. Multinomial and binomial logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the effect of demographic factors on PAM scores, which are categorised into four levels: 1—participants disengaged with their health; 2—becoming aware of how to manage their health; 3—acting on their health; and 4—engaging with preventative healthcare and advocating for themselves.ResultsOf 5100 participants, 7.8% scored at PAM level 1; 13.7% level 2, 45.3% level 3, and 33.2% level 4. The mean score was 66.1, corresponding to PAM level 3. More than half of the participants (59.2%) reported having one or more chronic conditions. Respondents aged 18 to 24 years old were twice as likely to score PAM level 1 compared with people aged 25–44 (p < .001) or people aged over 65 years (p < .05). Speaking a language other than English at home was significantly associated with having low PAM (p < .05). Greater psychological distress scores (K6) were significantly predictive of low PAM scores (p < .001).ConclusionOverall, Australian adults showed high levels of patient activation in 2021. People with lower incomes, of younger age, and those experiencing psychological distress were more likely to have low activation. Understanding the level of activation enables targeting sociodemographic groups for extra support to increase the capacity to engage in prevention activities. Conducted during the COVID‐19 pandemic, our study provides a baseline for comparison as we move out of the pandemic and associated restrictions and lockdowns.Patient or Public ContributionThe study and survey questions were co‐designed with consumer researchers from the Consumers Health Forum of Australia (CHF) as equal partners. Researchers from CHF were involved in the analysis of data and production of all publications using data from the consumer sentiment survey.
Charity and philanthropy in Middle East history
Authors: Fallas Amy 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUntil the late 20th century, few studies focused on the history of charity and philanthropy in the Middle East from the medieval to modern periods. The work that explored this subject largely concentrated on the ideals of charitable practices, such as the faith‐based tenets of social welfare as an Islamic communal practice and the religiously mandated form of almsgiving (zakat). But during the late 1990s, a new generation of scholars challenged the assumption of charity across the region asonlya pious act and sought to address the dearth of literature on the subject. They shifted critical focus onto the history of philanthropy to consider and account for the social, economic, and political structures that shaped a wide range of charitable practices, activities, institutions, benefactors, and recipients. They also interrogated how communities determined the parameters of need, developed notions of the “deserving poor,” and mediated the relationship between the ideals and practices of beneficence. Overlapping fields such as social history and women's studies as well as analytics of gender, class, and national identity informed and advanced historical studies of charity and philanthropy across the Middle East. The subfield continues to innovate with new work across academic disciplines and new publishing venues for further studies of charity in the region across time periods.
Unplanned pregnancies and social and partner support during pregnancy in Spanish women living with HIV
Authors: Ruiz‐Algueró Marta , Izquierdo Rebeca , Suárez‐García Ines , Moreno Cristina , Alejos Belen , Rava Marta , Moreno Santiago , Montero Alonso Marta , Gutiérrez Felix , Gutierrez Cuellar Isabel , Curran Adrián , Hernando Victoria , Jarrín Inma ,   Cohort of the Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS)
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo describe prevalence and factors associated with unplanned pregnancies, and social and partner support during pregnancy among women from the Cohort of the Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS).MethodsWe included all women recruited in CoRIS from 2004 to 2019, aged 18–50 years at recruitment who were pregnant during 2020. We designed a questionnaire, organized into the following domains: sociodemographic characteristics, tobacco and alcohol consumption, pregnancy and reproductive health, and social and partner support. The information was gathered via telephone interviews conducted from June to December 2021. We calculated prevalence of unplanned pregnancies as well as odds ratios (ORs) of association and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) according to sociodemographic, clinical and reproductive characteristics.ResultsAmong 53 women who were pregnant during 2020, 38 (71.7%) answered the questionnaire. Median age at pregnancy was 36 years [interquartile range (IQR) 31–39], 27 (71.1%) women were born outside of Spain, mainly in sub‐Saharan Africa (39.5%) and 17 (44.7%) were employed. Thirty‐four (89.5%) women had been through previous pregnancies and 32 (84.2%) had experienced previous abortions/miscarriages. Seventeen (44.7%) women had shared with their clinician their desire to get pregnant.Thirty‐four (89.5%) pregnancies were natural and four used assisted reproductive techniques (in vitro fertilizations; one additionally used oocyte donation). Of 34 women with natural pregnancies, pregnancy was unplanned in 21 (61.8%) and 25 (73.5%) had information on how to become pregnant avoiding HIV transmission to the baby and partner. Women who did not seek advice from their physician about becoming pregnant had a significantly increased risk of unplanned pregnancy (OR = 71.25, 95% CI: 8.96–566.67).Overall, 14 (36.8%) women reported having low social support during pregnancy and 27 (71.0%) had good/very good support by their partner.ConclusionsMost pregnancies were natural and unplanned and very few women had talked with their clinician about their desire to become pregnant. A high proportion of women reported low social support during pregnancy.
Recycling of granite waste and burnt coal cinder for the preparation of sintered permeable bricks
Authors: Gui Yaqiong , Huang Min , Luo Yongpeng , Deng Chong , Zhou Zichen , Bao Shenxu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe sintered permeable brick was prepared using granite waste and burnt coal cinder (BCC) as raw materials to ensure the utmost utilization of both solid wastes. The effect of various parameters, such as the proportion of raw materials, granite particle size and sintering temperatures on the properties of the permeable brick were studied, and the relevant sintering mechanism was clarified. The differential scanning calorimetry curves indicate that the mixture of granite waste and BCC begins to melt at a lower temperature, which is lower than the temperature for melting them alone, so the use of them to prepare sintered bricks will reduce energy consumption. The optimal conditions for the preparation of the permeable bricks were determined as the mass ratio of granite waste to BCC of 80: 20, sintering temperature of 1150–1175°C, and granite particle size of .9–1.25 mm. It was found that the permeability and the flexural strength of the samples can reach 3.41 × 10 −2 cm/s and 4.2 MPa, respectively, which both exceed the requirements specified in the national standard of China.
A cross‐sectional study of avian influenza A virus in Myanmar live bird markets: Detection of a newly introduced H9N2?
Authors: Borkenhagen Laura K. , Aung Poe Poe , Htay Thura , Thein Zaw Win , Tin Ommar Swe , Mon Thet Su , Myint Win , Bailey Emily S. , Wanninger Timothy G. , Kandeil Ahmed M. , Webby Richard J. , Gray Gregory C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundZoonotic influenza surveillance in Myanmar is sparse, despite the risks of introduction of such viruses from neighboring countries that could impact the poultry industry and lead to spillover to humans.MethodsIn July and August 2019, our multi‐institutional partnership conducted a One Health‐oriented, cross‐sectional surveillance (weekly for 3 weeks) for influenza A and influenza D viruses at the three largest live bird markets in Yangon, Myanmar.ResultsThe 27 bioaerosols, 90 bird cage swabs, 90 bird oropharyngeals, and 90 human nasopharyngeal samples yielded molecular influenza A detections in 8 bioaerosols (30.0%), 16 bird cages (17.8%), 15 bird oropharyngeals (16.7%), and 1 human nasopharyngeal (1.1%) samples. No influenza D was detected. Seven of the influenza A virus detections were found to be subtype A/H9N2, and one human nasopharyngeal sample was found to be subtype A/H1pdm. Among all IAV‐positive samples, three of the A/H9N2‐positive samples yielded live viruses from egg culture and their whole genome sequences revealing they belonged to the G9/Y280 lineage of A/H9N2 viruses. Phylogenetic analyses showed that these A/H9N2 sequences clustered separately from A/H9N2 viruses that were previously detected in Myanmar, supporting the notion that A/H9N2 viruses similar to those seen in wider Southeast Asia may have been introduced to Myanmar on multiple occasions.ConclusionsThese findings call for increased surveillance efforts in Myanmar to monitor for the introduction of novel influenza viruses in poultry, as well as possible reassortment and zoonotic virus transmission.
Evaluation of soybean genotypes grown under soil compaction
Authors: Capobiango Nayara Pereira , Bessa Giulia Badotti , de Oliveira Peris Gabriel Cordeiro , da Silva Felipe Lopes , dos Santos Dias Denise Cunha Fernandes , Fernandes Raphael Bragança Alves , da Silva Martha Freire , da Silva Laércio Junio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSoil compaction has caused negative impacts on soybean productivity due to the excessive use of machinery and heavy agricultural implements in the cultivation areas. Effects of two levels of soil compaction were investigated on 60 soybean genotypes in a field experiment. Soil properties, weather conditions in the region and changes in agronomic characteristics of the crop were evaluated. The genotypes were divided into three groups according to the relative maturity group (RMG) and classified according to stress susceptibility. Compaction increased soil density and soil mechanical resistance to penetration, varying according to the registered rainfall regime. The genotype responses to compaction in the three groups, in general, were increased seedling emergence (EME), initial height (IH), number of nodes (NN), shoot dry matter (SDM), and final height (FH) of the plants. However, there was a reduction in the relative growth rate (RCR), in the number of pods (NP), and in grain yield (PROD). From the calculation of the stress susceptibility index (SSI) it was possible to identify tolerant and sensitive soybean genotypes to soil compaction stress. SSI and the relative trait change index (RTC) indicated the responses that the tolerant genotypes present under conditions of high mechanical impedance. Therefore, soil compaction provides greater seedling emergence and vegetative growth, but significant losses in soybean yield. Soil compaction‐tolerant genotypes show smaller reductions in relative growth rate, absolute growth rate, final height, number of pods, and grain yield.
Supportive care needs of women with gynaecological cancer: A systematic review and synthesis of qualitative studies
Authors: Sun Yue , Ma Yanling , Li Qiaoran , Ge Jingling 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimsTo synthesize existing qualitative research evidence on the supportive care needs of women with gynaecological cancer.DesignQualitative systematic review.Data sourcesA comprehensive literature search was performed using nine databases (PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase, CBM, CNKI, VIP and WanFang) without restrictions regarding publication date; qualitative studies published in English or Chinese were included. Initial search in December 2021 and updated in October 2022.Review methodsThis study was conducted according to the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research (ENTREQ) guidelines. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool for qualitative research was used to assess the quality of all included papers. Finally, we adopted a thematic synthesis method, synthesized the main findings, and constructed themes.ResultsEleven studies published between 2010 and 2021 were included in the review. Based on the thematic synthesis method, 10 descriptive themes were generated and five analytical themes were derived: psychological support, information support, social support, disease‐specific symptom management and form of care. Women with gynaecological cancer expressed a desire for psychological support from empathetic healthcare professionals; information support included access to adequate and appropriate information, as well as communication and involvement; social support highlighted women's desire for peer support, family‐related support and financial support; disease‐specific symptom management described women's desire for support in coping with reproduction/sexual issues and form of care highlighted the need for continuity of care and holistic care.ConclusionThe supportive care needs of women with gynaecological cancer are multidimensional and complex. The future care practice should take women's needs as a starting point and provide ongoing holistic and individualized support. Healthcare providers' understanding and support of these needs are critical to improving women's clinical outcomes and quality of care.ImpactThe present findings can help further develop supportive care programmes and make nursing interventions more targeted and effective.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Costunolide alleviates hyperglycaemia‐induced diabetic cardiomyopathy via inhibiting inflammatory responses and oxidative stress
Authors: Jin Bo , Chen Yi , Wang Jiong , Chen Yue , Zhang Mengpei , Huang Jianxiong , Wang Yi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHyperglycaemia‐induced myocardial injury promotes the induction of heart failure in diabetic patients. Impaired antioxidant capability and sustained chronic inflammation play a vital role in the progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Costunolide (Cos), a natural compound with anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties, has exhibited therapeutic effects in various inflammatory diseases. However, the role of Cos in diabetes‐induced myocardial injury remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of Cos on DCM and explored the potential mechanisms. C57BL/6 mice were administered intraperitoneal streptozotocin for DCM induction. Cos‐mediated anti‐inflammatory and antioxidation activities were examined in heart tissues of diabetic mice and high glucose (HG)‐stimulated cardiomyocytes. Cos markedly inhibited HG‐induced fibrotic responses in diabetic mice and H9c2 cells, respectively. The cardioprotective effects of Cos could be correlated to the reduced expression of inflammatory cytokines and decreased oxidative stress. Further investigations demonstrated Cos reversed diabetes‐induced nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) activation and alleviated impaired antioxidant defence system, principally via activation of nuclear factor‐erythroid 2 p45‐related factor‐2 (Nrf‐2). Cos alleviated cardiac damage and improved cardiac function in diabetic mice by inhibiting NF‐κB‐mediated inflammatory responses and activating the Nrf‐2‐mediated antioxidant effects. Therefore, Cos could be a potential candidate for the treatment of DCM.