bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface figure compensation of the primary mirror in a Ritchey–Chrétien space telescope by spring preloads
Authors: Jia Shuqiang , Huang Wei , Xu Mingfei , Qin Xin 
Published: December 2022

To reduce the surface figure error induced by mechanical strains during the integration process of a high-precision mirror, a cost-efficient compensation method by spring preloads is proposed. The study is based on the primary mirror of a Ritchey–Chrétien space telescope with a focal length of 1200 mm. First, the surface figure degradation of the mirror during the assembly process is expressed and analyzed. Then, a finite element model of the mirror and its mounting structure is established, and surface deformations caused by different preloading forces are simulated. An optimized combination of different preloads was obtained through data fitting, and the influence of the combined preload on the mirror was analyzed. The simulation results show that ring preloads mainly affect spherical aberration and high-order spherical aberrations, while quadrupole preloads mainly affect astigmatism, and the optimized preload can compensate for the surface figure error from

0.120

λ

RMS to

0.088

λ

RMS. Last, the surface figure error of the mirror is measured by experiments under optimized preloads, and the result is

0.084

λ

RMS, which verifies the correctness of the analysis process and effectiveness of the compensation method.
Non-resonant broadband RCS reduction based on the patch distribution of a phase gradient metasurface
Authors: Li Fengan , Huang Jian 
Published: December 2022

Three units consisting of five, nine, and one square patches are used to construct a phase gradient metasurface with a

2

π

phase distribution within 18.0–28.0 GHz. The three units arranged in one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) directions can precisely control the reflection beam direction in the plane of phase gradient. Rotating 1D and 2D phase gradient directions can convert a single reflected wave into multi-angle low-energy beams, forming the radar cross section (RCS) reduction metasurface. Using

16

×

16

periodic units, a 10 dB RCS reduction in 18.0–25.5 GHz is achieved.
Evaluating the impact of alternative intervention strategies in accelerating onchocerciasis elimination in an area of persistent transmission in the West Region of Cameroon
Authors: Atekem Kareen , Dixon Ruth , Wilhelm Aude , Biholong Benjamin , Oye Joseph , Djeunga Hugues Nana , Nwane Philippe , Ayisi Franklin , Boakye Daniel , Kamgno Joseph , Schmidt Elena , Nditanchou Rogers , Senyonjo Laura 
Published: December 2022

Background
Alternative strategies are recommended to accelerate onchocerciasis elimination in problematic areas including areas where annual ivermectin (IVM) distributions are unable to interrupt transmission. The aim of this study was to accelerate progress towards elimination in the Massangam health district, West Region of Cameroon where impact evaluations demonstrated ongoing transmission of onchocerciasis infection and high microfilaria (mf) prevalence despite more than 20 years of annual IVM distribution.

Methodology/Principal findings
Parasitological, entomological, and breeding site surveys were conducted in 2015 delineating a focus of high transmission and identified three communities with high mf prevalence. Individuals in these communities were screened for mf yearly for a period of two years and those positive treated each year with doxycycline 100mg daily for five weeks. In addition, surrounding communities were given biannual IVM. Temephos-based applications were performed once a week for 10 consecutive weeks on Simulium damnosum s.l. breeding sites. Parasitological and entomological assessments were conducted after two years of implementation and findings compared with 2015 baseline. Alternative strategies accelerated progress towards elimination through a significant mf reduction (χ2: 40.1; p<0.001) from 35.7% (95%CI: 29.0–42.8) to 12.3% (95%CI, 9.0–16.4). Reductions were furthermore recorded over a longer period, with a reduction of prevalence of 29.0% under AIS in 2017–2019 compared to 14.6% with IVM in 2011–2015; and by 23.2% following the two years of alternative strategies compared to 20.3% reduction over 15 years of treatment with IVM (1996–2011). Entomological assessment demonstrates that transmission is still ongoing despite the reduction in mf which is expected in an environment with complex breeding sites and open transmission zones, i.e., where migration of flies or humans to and from neighbouring areas is common.

Conclusion/Significance
This study provides evidence that alternative strategies are feasible and effective and should be considered in areas where transmission is sustained throughout long term uninterrupted MDA with IVM. However, there is need to consider wider transmission zones, and further explore optimal timing of larviciding with treatment to impact transmission.
Extensive diversity of RNA viruses in ticks revealed by metagenomics in northeastern China
Authors: Liu Ziyan , Li Liang , Xu Wenbo , Yuan Yongxu , Liang Xiaojie , Zhang Li , Wei Zhengkai , Sui Liyan , Zhao Yinghua , Cui Yanyan , Yin Qing , Li Dajun , Li Qianxue , Hou Zhijun , Wei Feng , Liu Quan , Wang Zedong 
Published: December 2022

Background
Ticks act as important vectors of infectious agents, and several emerging tick-borne viruses have recently been identified to be associated with human diseases in northeastern China. However, little is known about the tick virome in northeastern China.

Methods
Ticks collected from April 2020 to July 2021 were pooled for metagenomic analysis to investigate the virome diversity in northeastern China.

Results
In total, 22 RNA viruses were identified, including four each in the Nairoviridae and Phenuiviridae families, three each in the Flaviviridae, Rhabdoviridae, and Solemoviridae families, two in the Chuviridae family, and one each in the Partitiviridae, Tombusviridae families and an unclassified virus. Of these, eight viruses were of novel species, belonging to the Nairoviridae (Ji’an nairovirus and Yichun nairovirus), Phenuiviridae (Mudanjiang phlebovirus), Rhabdoviridae (Tahe rhabdovirus 1–3), Chuviridae (Yichun mivirus), and Tombusviridae (Yichun tombus-like virus) families, and five members were established human pathogens, including Alongshan virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, Songling virus, Beiji nairovirus, and Nuomin virus. I. persulcatus ticks had significant higher number of viral species than H. japonica, H. concinna, and D. silvarum ticks. Significant differences in tick viromes were observed among Daxing’an, Xiaoxing’an and Changbai mountains.

Conclusions
These findings showed an extensive diversity of RNA viruses in ticks in northeastern China, revealing potential public health threats from the emerging tick-borne viruses. Further studies are needed to explain the natural circulation and pathogenicity of these viruses.
Remote consent approaches for mobile phone surveys of non-communicable disease risk factors in Colombia and Uganda: A randomized study
Authors: Ali Joseph , Nagarajan Madhuram , Mwaka Erisa S. , Rutebemberwa Elizeus , Vecino-Ortiz Andres I. , Quintero Angelica Tórres , Rodriguez-Patarroyo Mariana , Maniar Vidhi , Al Kibria Gulam Muhammed , Labrique Alain B. , Pariyo George W. , Gibson Dustin G. 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionAutomated mobile phone surveys (MPS) can be used to collect public health data of various types to inform health policy and programs globally. One challenge in administering MPS is identification of an appropriate and effective participant consent process. This study investigated the impact of different survey consent approaches on participant disposition (response characteristics and understanding of the purpose of the survey) within the context of an MPS that measured noncommunicable disease (NCD) risk factors across Colombia and Uganda.MethodsParticipants were randomized to one of five consent approaches, with consent modules varying by the consent disclosure and mode of authorization. The control arm consisted of a standard consent disclosure and a combined opt-in/opt-out mode of authorization. The other four arms consist of a modified consent disclosure and one of four different forms of authorization (i.e., opt-in, opt-out, combined opt-in/opt-out, or implied). Data related to respondent disposition and respondent understanding of the survey purpose were analyzed.ResultsAmong 1889 completed surveys in Colombia, differences in contact, response, refusal, and cooperation rates by study arms were found. About 68% of respondents correctly identified the survey purpose, with no significant difference by study arm. Participants reporting higher levels of education and urban residency were more likely to identify the purpose correctly. Participants were also more likely to accurately identify the survey purpose after completing several survey modules, compared to immediately following the consent disclosure (78.8% vs 54.2% correct, p<0.001). In Uganda, 1890 completed surveys were collected. Though there were differences in contact, refusal, and cooperation rates by study arm, response rates were similar across arms. About 37% of respondents identified the survey purpose correctly, with no difference by arm. Those with higher levels of education and who completed the survey in English were able to more accurately identify the survey purpose. Again, participants were more likely to accurately identify the purpose of the survey after completing several NCD modules, compared to immediately following the consent module (42.0% vs 32.2% correct, p = 0.013).ConclusionThis study contributes to the limited available evidence regarding consent procedures for automated MPS. Future studies should develop and trial additional interventions to enhance consent for automated public health surveys, and measure other dimensions of participant engagement and understanding.
HIV incidence and associated risk factors in adolescent girls and young women in South Africa: A population-based cohort study
Authors: Lewis Lara , Kharsany Ayesha B. M. , Humphries Hilton , Maughan-Brown Brendan , Beckett Sean , Govender Kaymarlin , Cawood Cherie , Khanyile David , George Gavin 
Published: December 2022

Background
In sub-Saharan Africa, high HIV incidence rates in adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) persist despite extensive HIV prevention efforts.

Methods
A prospective cohort of 2,710 HIV-negative AGYW (15–24 years) in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa were interviewed at baseline and followed-up approximately 18 months later (2014–2017). Associations between HIV seroconversion and socio-demographic and behavioural variables measured at baseline and follow-up were examined using Cox regression and a proximate determinants framework. Inter-relationships between determinants were measured using logistic regression. Separate models were built for 15–19 and 20-24-year-olds.

Results
Weighted HIV incidence was 3.92 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval: 3.27–4.69; 163 seroconversions over 4,016 person-years). Among 15-19-year-olds, absence of family support (adjusted hazards ratio (aHR): 3.82 (1.89–7.72)), having a circumcised partner (aHR: 0.5 (0.27–0.94)) or one who was HIV-positive and not on antiretroviral therapy (ART) (aHR: 6.21 (2.56–15.06)) were associated with HIV incidence. Those reporting an absence of family support were also more likely to report >1 partner during follow-up (odds ratio (OR): 2.7(1.11–6.57)). Among 20-24-year-olds, failure to complete secondary school (aHR: 1.89 (1.11–3.21)), inconsistent condom use (aHR: 3.01 (1.14–7.96)) and reporting partner(s) who were HIV-positive and not on ART (aHR: 7.75 (3.06–19.66)) were associated with HIV incidence. Failure to complete secondary school among 20-24-year-olds was associated with inconsistent condom use (OR: 1.82 (1.20–2.77)) and reporting an HIV-positive partner not on ART (OR: 3.53(1.59–7.82)) or an uncircumcised partner (OR: 1.39 (1.08–1.82).

Conclusion
Absence of family support and incomplete schooling are associated with risky sexual behaviours and HIV acquisition in AGYW. In addition, partner-level prevention—condom use, medical circumcision, and viral suppression–continue to play an important role in reducing HIV risk in AGYW. These findings support the use of combination HIV prevention programs that consider structural as well as biological and behavioural HIV risk factors in their design.
Availability, price, and affordability of medicines used for the management of Covid-19 in health facilities of Dessie town WHO/HAI survey
Authors: Mohammed Solomon Ahmed , Tsehay Tessema , Faris Abebe Getie , Mengstu Getnet 
Published: December 2022

Background
The rapidly spreading nature of Covid-19 virus associated with its high mortality and mortality rate is triggering an unprecedented public health crisis. The study assessed the availability, price, and affordability of medicines used in the management of Covid-19 in health facilities of Dessie town.

Methods
A retrospective cross-sectional study design was employed in the health facilities of Dessie town from September 1 to September 20, 2021. Data was collected using a standard checklist adopted from the Logistics Indicator Assessment Tool and WHO/HAI. WHO/HAI methodology was applied to select the surveyed health facilities (30) and medicines (44). The daily wage of the lowest-paid unskilled government worker is used to estimate affordability.

Results
Fifteen and five medicines were not found at all public and private health facilities, respectively. The originator brand (OB) and lowest price generic (LPG) availability in private health facilities was 2.03% and 51.33%, respectively. In the public sector, the availability of OB and LPG was 0% and 34.44%, respectively. In public and private health facilities, the mean number of stock-outs was 2.25 and 2.91, and the mean number of stock-out days was 177.83 and 106.16 days, respectively. Eight and one LPG medicines were out of stock in public and private health facilities, respectively. Eight (33.33%) and 6 (28.57%) had higher prices than international prices in private and public health facilities, respectively. The median price ratio in public and private health facilities ranged from 0.02 and 3.05 and 0.04 to 2.70, respectively. Eighty percent of the products were unaffordable in both sectors.

Conclusions
The availability of medicines was low. One-third of the medicines had higher prices than international prices. Eighty percent of the products were unaffordable. The regular supply of these medicines is crucial for better management of the disease.
Reduced oxygen saturation entropy is associated with poor prognosis in critically ill patients with sepsis
Authors: Gheorghita Margaret , Wikner Matthew , Cawthorn Anika , Oyelade Tope , Nemeth Kristof , Rockenschaub Patrick , Gonzalez Hernandez Ferran , Swanepoel Nel , Lilaonitkul Watjana , Mani Ali R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRecent studies have found that oxygen saturation (SpO2) variability analysis has potential for noninvasive assessment of the functional connectivity of cardiorespiratory control systems during hypoxia. Patients with sepsis have suboptimal tissue oxygenation and impaired organ system connectivity. Our objective with this report was to highlight the potential use for SpO2 variability analysis in predicting intensive care survival in patients with sepsis. MIMIC‐III clinical data of 164 adults meeting Sepsis‐3 criteria and with 30 min of SpO2 and respiratory rate data were analyzed. The complexity of SpO2 signals was measured through various entropy calculations such as sample entropy and multiscale entropy analysis. The sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score was calculated to assess the severity of sepsis and multiorgan failure. While the standard deviation of SpO2 signals was comparable in the non‐survivor and survivor groups, non‐survivors had significantly lower SpO2 entropy than those who survived their ICU stay (0.107 ± 0.084 vs. 0.070 ± 0.083, p < 0.05). According to Cox regression analysis, higher SpO2 entropy was a predictor of survival in patients with sepsis. Multivariate analysis also showed that the prognostic value of SpO2 entropy was independent of other covariates such as age, SOFA score, mean SpO2, and ventilation status. When SpO2 entropy was combined with mean SpO2, the composite had a significantly higher performance in prediction of survival. Analysis of SpO2 entropy can predict patient outcome, and when combined with SpO2 mean, can provide improved prognostic information. The prognostic power is on par with the SOFA score. This analysis can easily be incorporated into current ICU practice and has potential for noninvasive assessment of critically ill patients.
Redesigning the surveillance of in vitro diagnostic medical devices and of medical laboratory performance by quality control in the traceability era
Authors: Panteghini Mauro 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
IVD manufacturers have total responsibility in terms of the traceability of marketed in vitro diagnostic medical devices (IVD-MD). This includes the provision of a quality control (QC) material as a part of the measuring system, suitable for traceability verification and alignment surveillance by end-users in daily practice. This material [to be used for the internal QC (IQC) component I as described in this paper] should have unbiased target values and an acceptability range corresponding to analytical performance specifications (APS) for suitable (expanded) measurement uncertainty (MU) on clinical samples. On the other hand, medical laboratories (by the IQC component II as described in this paper) should improve the IQC process and its judging criteria to establish a direct link between their performance, estimated as MU of provided results, and APS defined according to recommended models to apply corrective actions if the performance is worsening with the risk to jeopardize the clinical validity of test results. The participation to external quality assessment (EQA) programs that meet specific metrological criteria is also central to the evaluation of performance of IVD-MDs and of medical laboratories in terms of harmonization and clinical suitability of their measurements. In addition to the use of commutable materials, in this type of EQA it is necessary to assign values to them with selected reference procedures and to define and apply maximum allowable APS to substantiate the suitability of laboratory measurements in the clinical setting.
A new extension of the beta generator of distributions
Authors: Muhammad Mustapha , Liu Lixia 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we introduced a new extension of the beta generator of distributions. Some important properties of the model are discussed, such as the series representation, quantile function, moments, Rényi entropy, and order statistics. Three special members are discussed, namely, the new extended beta exponential (NEBE), new extended beta uniform (NEBU), and new extended beta half logistic (NEBH). The model parameters estimation was achieved by the method of maximum likelihood and the Bayes estimation under square error loss function (SEL); the estimators were examined by simulation studies and it was a very good result as discussed by the bias and mean square error (MSE) of the estimators. Two real data applications are provided to illustrate the importance of the new model in practice.
Metals and metal oxides polymer frameworks as advanced anticorrosive materials: design, performance, and future direction
Authors: Verma Chandrabhan , Hussain Chaudhery Mustansar , Quraishi Mumtaz A. , Rhee Kyong Yop 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Metals (Ms) and metal oxides (MOs) possess a strong tendency to coordinate and combine with organic polymers to form respective metal–polymer frameworks (MPFs) and metal oxide polymer frameworks (MOPFs). MPFs and MOPFs can be regarded as composites of organic polymers. MPFs and MOPFs are widely used for industrial and biological applications including as anticorrosive materials in the aqueous phase as well as in the coating conditions. The presence of the Ms and MOs in the polymer coatings improves the corrosion inhibition potential of MPFs and MOPFs by improving their self-healing properties. The Ms and MOs fill the micropores and cracks through which corrosive species such as water, oxygen, and corrosive ions and salts can diffuse and destroy the coating structures. Therefore, the Ms and MOs enhance the durability as well as the effectiveness of the polymer coatings. The present review article is intended to describe the corrosion inhibition potential of some MPFs and MOPFs of some most frequently utilized transition metal elements such as Ti, Si, Zn, Ce, Ag, and Au. The mechanism of corrosion inhibition of MPFs and MOPFs is also described in the presence and absence of metal and metal oxides.
Organic-inorganic interface chemistry for sustainable materials
Authors: Piątek Jędrzej , Rodrigues Bruno V. M. , Slabon Adam 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This mini-review focuses on up-to-date advances of hybrid materials consisting of organic and inorganic components and their applications in different chemical processes. The purpose of forming such hybrids is mainly to functionalize and stabilize inorganic supports by attaching an organic linker to enhance their performance towards a target application. The interface chemistry is present with the emphasis on the sustainability of their components, chemical changes in substrates during synthesis, improvements of their physical and chemical properties, and, finally, their implementation. The latter is the main sectioning feature of this review, while we present the most prosperous applications ranging from catalysis, through water purification and energy storage. Emphasis was given to materials that can be classified as green to the best in our consideration. As the summary, the current situation on developing hybrid materials as well as directions towards sustainable future using organic-inorganic hybrids are presented.
Acute Kinetic and Kinematic Responses to Rest Redistribution With Heavier Loads in Resistance-Trained Men
Authors: Chae Sungwon , Bailey Chris A. , Hill David W. , McMullen Shawn M. , Moses Spencer A. , Vingren Jakob L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Chae, S, Bailey, CA, Hill, DW, McMullen, SM, Moses, SA, and Vingren, JL. Acute kinetic and kinematic responses to rest redistribution with heavier loads in resistance-trained men. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2022—The purpose of this study was to examine mechanical responses to rest redistribution with heavier loads (RR + L) in resistance-trained men. Eight men (23.0 ± 4.8 years, 1.76 ± 0.06 m, 78.5 ± 8.6 kg, back squat [BS] one-repetition maximum [1RM] of 138.7 ± 27.9 kg) completed 2 BS exercise sessions in a counterbalanced and a randomized order; RR + L: 4 sets of (2 × 5) repetitions with 90-second interset rest and 30-second intraset rest using 75% BS 1RM and traditional sets (TS): 4 sets of 10 repetitions with 120-second interset rest using 70% BS 1RM. During the concentric phase, mean force (

), velocity (

), and power (

) were collected for each repetition using a linear position transducer and analyzed the first 3 sets. Compared with TS, RR + L resulted in significantly greater

(1820 ± 260 N vs. 1753 ± 248 N; p < 0.001; g = 0.25) and lower

(0.47 ± 0.07 m·s−1 vs. 0.50 ± 0.09 m·s−1; p = 0.005; g = −0.35). However, no significant difference in

(836 ± 165 W vs. 871 ± 197 W; p = 0.082; g = −0.18) was found between RR + L and TS. In conclusion, the lack of difference in

might be the result of the combination of greater

and lower

for RR + L compared with TS. Therefore, practitioners may consider using RR + L to augment

without compromising

and increasing total rest time. However, given the approximate 4% difference in

, the effect of RR + L training on chronic strength adaptation is expected to be small.