bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence Bias in Health Care: Web-Based Survey
Authors: Vorisek Carina Nina , Stellmach Caroline , Mayer Paula Josephine , Klopfenstein Sophie Anne Ines , Bures Dominik Martin , Diehl Anke , Henningsen Maike , Ritter Kerstin , Thun Sylvia 
Published: April 2023

Background
Resources are increasingly spent on artificial intelligence (AI) solutions for medical applications aiming to improve diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases. While the need for transparency and reduction of bias in data and algorithm development has been addressed in past studies, little is known about the knowledge and perception of bias among AI developers.

Objective
This study’s objective was to survey AI specialists in health care to investigate developers’ perceptions of bias in AI algorithms for health care applications and their awareness and use of preventative measures.

Methods
A web-based survey was provided in both German and English language, comprising a maximum of 41 questions using branching logic within the REDCap web application. Only the results of participants with experience in the field of medical AI applications and complete questionnaires were included for analysis. Demographic data, technical expertise, and perceptions of fairness, as well as knowledge of biases in AI, were analyzed, and variations among gender, age, and work environment were assessed.

Results
A total of 151 AI specialists completed the web-based survey. The median age was 30 (IQR 26-39) years, and 67% (101/151) of respondents were male. One-third rated their AI development projects as fair (47/151, 31%) or moderately fair (51/151, 34%), 12% (18/151) reported their AI to be barely fair, and 1% (2/151) not fair at all. One participant identifying as diverse rated AI developments as barely fair, and among the 2 undefined gender participants, AI developments were rated as barely fair or moderately fair, respectively. Reasons for biases selected by respondents were lack of fair data (90/132, 68%), guidelines or recommendations (65/132, 49%), or knowledge (60/132, 45%). Half of the respondents worked with image data (83/151, 55%) from 1 center only (76/151, 50%), and 35% (53/151) worked with national data exclusively.

Conclusions
This study shows that the perception of biases in AI overall is moderately fair. Gender minorities did not once rate their AI development as fair or very fair. Therefore, further studies need to focus on minorities and women and their perceptions of AI. The results highlight the need to strengthen knowledge about bias in AI and provide guidelines on preventing biases in AI health care applications.
Evaluating Declines in Compliance With Ecological Momentary Assessment in Longitudinal Health Behavior Research: Analyses From a Clinical Trial
Authors: Tonkin Sarah , Gass Julie , Wray Jennifer , Maguin Eugene , Mahoney Martin , Colder Craig , Tiffany Stephen , Hawk Jr Larry W 
Published: April 2023

Background
Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is increasingly used to evaluate behavioral health processes over extended time periods. The validity of EMA for providing representative, real-world data with high temporal precision is threatened to the extent that EMA compliance drops over time.

Objective
This research builds on prior short-term studies by evaluating the time course of EMA compliance over 9 weeks and examines predictors of weekly compliance rates among cigarette-using adults.

Methods
A total of 257 daily cigarette-using adults participating in a randomized controlled trial for smoking cessation completed daily smartphone EMA assessments, including 1 scheduled morning assessment and 4 random assessments per day. Weekly EMA compliance was calculated and multilevel modeling assessed the rate of change in compliance over the 9-week assessment period. Participant and study characteristics were examined as predictors of overall compliance and changes in compliance rates over time.

Results
Compliance was higher for scheduled morning assessments (86%) than for random assessments (58%) at the beginning of the EMA period (P<.001). EMA compliance declined linearly across weeks, and the rate of decline was greater for morning assessments (2% per week) than for random assessments (1% per week; P<.001). Declines in compliance were stronger for younger participants (P<.001), participants who were employed full-time (P=.03), and participants who subsequently dropped out of the study (P<.001). Overall compliance was higher among White participants compared to Black or African American participants (P=.001).

Conclusions
This study suggests that EMA compliance declines linearly but modestly across lengthy EMA protocols. In general, these data support the validity of EMA for tracking health behavior and hypothesized treatment mechanisms over the course of several months. Future work should target improving compliance among subgroups of participants and investigate the extent to which rapid declines in EMA compliance might prove useful for triggering interventions to prevent study dropout.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03262662; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03262662
The Effectiveness of Early Food Introduction in Preventing Childhood Allergic Diseases: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Abang Abdullah Aisha Fadhilah , Muhamad Nor Asiah , Ab Ghani Rimah Melati , Maamor Nur Hasnah , Leman Fatin Norhasny , Too Chun Lai , Ismail Intan Hakimah , Mohd Zulkefli Nor Afiah , Mohd Nazan Ahmad Iqmer Nashriq , Md Said Salmiah 
Published: April 2023

Background
Allergic diseases affect around 40% of the pediatric population worldwide. The coexistence of asthma, allergic rhinitis, eczema, and food allergy renders allergy treatment and prevention challenging. Infant feeding strategies recommend avoiding allergenic foods to prevent allergy development and anaphylaxis. However, recent evidence suggests that early consumption of food allergens during weaning in infants aged 4-6 months could result in food tolerance, thus reducing the risk of developing allergies.

Objective
The aim of this study is to systematically review and carry out a meta-analysis of evidence on the outcome of early food introduction for preventing childhood allergic diseases.

Methods
We will conduct a systematic review of interventions through a comprehensive search of various databases including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Google Scholar to identify potential studies. The search will be performed for any eligible articles from the earliest published articles up to the latest available studies in 2023. We will include randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cluster RCTs, non-RCTs, and other observational studies that assess the effect of early food introduction to prevent childhood allergic diseases.

Results
Primary outcomes will include measures related to the effect of childhood allergic diseases (ie, asthma, allergic rhinitis, eczema, and food allergy). PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines will be followed for study selection. All data will be extracted using a standardized data extraction form and the quality of the studies will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. A summary of findings table will be generated for the following outcomes: (1) total number of allergic diseases, (2) rate of sensitization, (3) total number of adverse events, (4) improvement of health-related quality of life, and (5) all-cause mortality. Descriptive and meta-analyses will be performed using a random-effects model in Review Manager (Cochrane). Heterogeneity among selected studies will be assessed using the I2 statistic and explored through meta-regression and subgroup analyses. Data collection is expected to start in June 2023.

Conclusions
The results acquired from this study will contribute to the existing literature and harmonize recommendations for infant feeding with regard to the prevention of childhood allergic diseases.

Trial Registration
PROSPERO CRD42021256776; https://tinyurl.com/4j272y8a

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/46816
Active rifting and crustal thinning along the Rivera-Cocos plate boundary as inferred from Mantle Bouguer gravity anomalies
Authors: Serrato-Díaz Gloria S. , Bandy William L. , Mortera Gutiérrez Carlos A. 
Published: April 2023

El graben El Gordo yace dentro de la litosfera oceanica al oeste de la Trinchera Meso-Americana a 18.15°N, 104.7°W. Se ha propuesto a este graben como una marca del hundimiento aJ suroeste de una zoua activa de extension ubicada entre las placas de Rivera y Cocos. Los resultados de un an:ilisis de las anomalfas de gravedad de Manto-Bouguer en el area de graben El Gordo. yen el area ubicada entre el graben y la Dorsal del Pacifico Este, son consistentes con esta propuesta, asi como tambien con Ia propuesta de que la zona de extension se puede estar propaganda hacia Ia Dorsal del Pacifico Este. Especificamente: (1) Una disminucion prominente en los valores de la Anomalfa de Manto-Bouguer ocurre en el area del graben El Gordo, estando Iadisminucion maxima sobre el complejo volcani co El Gordo, ubicado en el centro del graben. Esta disminucion es modelada comoel resultado de una intrusion de magma dentro de Ia corteza oceanica del graben centrada bajo cl complejo volcanico El Gordo.Este modelo es respaldado por un flujo de calor en superficie alto en el area de este complejo. (2) Se observa un alto gravimetricode la anomalfa de A ire Libre NE-SW que se extiende desde el graben El Gordo hasta la Dorsal del Pacffico Este. Sin embargo, solola parte oeste de esta anomalfa es observada en el mapa de Anomalia de Manto-Bouguer. El modclado de los valores de la Anomalia de Manto-Bouguer indica que esta anomalfa puede deberse a un adelgazamiento de Ia corteza en esta region. Sin embargo, a diferencia del area del graben El Gordo, los datos gravimetricos y batimetricos son escasos en esta area, por lo que este resultado es preliminar.doi: sin doi
Effect of attachment type on distal bodily movement of the maxillary canine in aligner orthodontics: a finite element study
Authors: Kawamura Jun , Ojima Kenji , Nanda Ravindra 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To clarify the effect of attachment types on bodily movement of the maxillary canine in aligner orthodontics.

Materials and Methods
Using an aligner, the canine was moved bodily by 0.1 mm distally as a target position. Orthodontic tooth movement was simulated using the finite element method (FEM). The alveolar socket was displaced in the same manner as the initial movement caused by elastic deformation of the periodontal ligament. First, the initial movement was calculated, and then the alveolar socket was displaced in the same direction and with the same magnitude as the initial movement. These calculations were repeated to move the teeth after placement of the aligner. The teeth and the alveolar bone were assumed to be rigid bodies. A FEM model of the aligner was made based on the crown surfaces. The thickness of the aligner was 0.45 mm, and its Young’s modulus was 2 GPa. Three types of attachments—semicircular couple, vertical rectangular, and horizontal rectangular—were placed on the canine crown.

Results
Regardless of the type of attachment, upon placement of the aligner on the dentition the crown of the canine moved to the target position, while the apex hardly moved. That is, the canine tipped and rotated. After repeating the calculation, the canine became upright and moved bodily regardless of the attachment type. In the aligner without an attachment, the canine did not become upright.

Conclusions
There was almost no difference among attachment types in terms of achieving bodily movement of the canine.
Translucency and Radiopacity of Dental Resin Composites – Is There a Direct Relation?
Authors: Rosado LPL , Münchow EA , de Oliveira ELS , Lacerda-Santos R , Freitas DQ , Carlo HL , Verner FS 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to correlate the translucency degree of varying resin composites with their radiopacity.Methods and MaterialsTwenty-four resin composites (conventional or bulk-fill) of various shades and opacities were selected from the following manufacturers: 3M ESPE (nanofilled), Ivoclar (nanohybrid), and FGM (microhybrid). Resin composite samples (n=5) were prepared (5-mm diameter × 1.5-mm thickness) for comparison using prepared samples of human dentin and enamel as controls. The translucency of each sample was measured using the translucent parameter (TP) method with a digital spectrophotometer (Vita Easyshade) and CIEL*a*b* color system over white and black backgrounds. The samples were also x-rayed using a photostimulable phosphor plate system for measurement of their radiopacity (in mmAl). All data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls (α=0.05); data for TP and radiopacity were correlated using the Spearman correlation test.ResultsOverall, the translucent shades and bulk-fill resin composites showed greater translucency than the other resins. While “body” and “enamel” shades demonstrated intermediate translucency to dentin and enamel, the “dentin” shades were more standardized, showing similar translucency to human dentin. All tested resin composites showed similar or greater radiopacity to human enamel, except the Empress Direct (Ivoclar) resin with Trans Opal shade, which was not radiopaque. Dentin and enamel showed radiopacity similar to 1 and 2 mmAl (millimeters of aluminum), respectively.ConclusionsThe resin composites investigated in this study differed regarding their translucency degree and radiopacity level, without any positive relationship between the two properties.
The Efficacy of At-home, In-office, and Combined Bleaching Regimens: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Zhong B-j , Yang S , Hong D-w , Cheng Y-l , Attin T , Yu H 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARY

Objective
The aim of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy of at-home, in-office, and combined bleaching regimens.

Methods
Forty-eight participants were recruited and randomly divided into four groups based on the bleaching regimen (n=12) as follows: 1) at-home bleaching using 10% carbamide peroxide (Opalescence PF 10%, Ultradent) for 14 days (HB); 2) two sessions of in-office bleaching using 40% hydrogen peroxide (Opalescence BOOST PF 40%, Ultradent) with a one-week interval (OB); 3) one session of in-office bleaching followed by at-home bleaching for seven days (OHB); and 4) at-home bleaching for seven days followed by one session of in-office bleaching (HOB). Tooth color was measured using a spectrophotometer (Easyshade, Vita ZahnFabrik) at baseline (T0), day 8 (T1), day 15 (T2), and day 43 (T3, four weeks after the end of the bleaching treatment). The color data were calculated using the CIEDE2000 (ΔE00) and whiteness index for dentistry (WID) formulas. Tooth sensitivity (TS) was recorded using a visual analogue scale (VAS) for 16 days. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test (α=0.05).

Results
All bleaching regimens resulted in a significant increase in WID values (all p&lt;0.05), while no significant differences in WID and ΔWID values were found among the different groups at each time point (all p&gt;0.05). Significant differences in ΔE00 values were observed between T1 and T3 for all groups (all p&lt;0.05), while no significant differences in ΔE00 values were found among the different groups at any time point (all p&gt;0.05). Significantly lower TS values were observed in the HB group than in the OB and HOB groups (p=0.006 and p=0.001, respectively).

Conclusions
All bleaching regimens resulted in great color improvement, and different regimens led to similar color changes at any of the evaluation time points. The sequence of treatments applying in-office bleaching or at-home bleaching did not affect the bleaching efficacy. The in-office bleaching and combined bleaching regimens yielded a higher intensity of TS than did at-home bleaching.
Exploration: Creative Thinking Skills in Writing Essays Media-Based Image Series
Authors: Ayu Nidya , Suharno  , Chrysti Suryandari Kartika 
Published: April 2023

Creative thinking is an essential skill in learning for students. Students can think creatively by showing new ways of thinking, daring to compile questions and likely answers, and giving new ideas. In addition, this study aims to analyses creative thinking skills using a series of image media. This research uses descriptive qualitative research with a case study model. The subjects of this study were grade III students numbering 50 students. This research method uses interviews to follow up on these findings. Interviews were conducted to find out the problems that occurred. The interview used is structured. Data analyses in this study used the theory of Miles and Huberman. The results of the overall research and creative thinking skills in writing essays with series image media still have to be re-evaluated. The students seemed to have trouble getting ideas into narrative-based writing. This will result in learning to write narratives that are hampered. In general, it is proven that more than half of the sample numbers of students still do not meet the four aspects of creative thinking indicators, so it will undoubtedly hinder the learning process in the classroom, especially related to writing skills. This research implies that it is hoped that all stakeholders will be able to realize the importance of creative thinking skills early by training students using series image media or others.
THE METAPHORS OF ‟GOD” IN ORTHODOX PRAYERS
Authors: PUȘCAȘ Andreea-Nora 
Published: April 2023

The Metaphors of God in Orthodox Prayers. In this paper we look at the conceptual metaphors of God that we encountered in a collection of Orthodox prayers. Prayers are a type of discourse genre belonging to liturgical sublanguage, which is described as conservatory and intangible. We aim at identifying the way in which religious imaginary is configured as part of the linguistic heritage. We do not only intend to analyse the mechanisms of the conceptualization of God in the discourse of devotions, but also to connect it to religious teachings and dogmas, to have a better understanding of the outlined imaginary. The concept of God is deeply rooted in prayers and is lexicalized into coherent and logical structures, interwoven into a pluralist perspective on divinity.
Metaforele referitoare la Dumnezeu în rugăciunile ortodoxe. În prezenta lucrare ne propunem să identificăm metaforele conceptuale referitoare la Dumnezeu într-un corpus de rugăciuni ortodoxe. Rugăciunea este un tip de discurs aparținând sublimbajului liturgic, descris ca intangibil și conservator. În cele ce urmează, vom urmări modalitatea în care se configurează imaginarul religios ca parte a patrimoniului lingvistic. Nu intenționăm doar să analizăm mecanismele prin care Dumnezeu este conceptualizat în discursul rugăciunii, ci și să relaționăm aceste reprezentări cu învățăturile religioase și dogmatice, pentru a înțelege mai bine modul în care este configurat imaginarul verbalizat. Conceptul de Dumnezeu este puternic înrădăcinat în limbajul rugăciunii, fiind organizat în structuri coerente și logice care oferă o perspectivă pluralistă asupra divinității.
Cuvinte-cheie: Dumnezeu, cognitivism, metaforă conceptuală, imaginar lingvistic, rugăciuni ortodoxe
Article history: Received 22 September 2022; Revised 6 December 2022; Accepted 1 February 2023; Available online 27 March 2023; Available print 31 March 2023.
METAFORE DEL CIBO – UNA FORMA DI EREDITÀ CULTURALE E INNOVAZIONE LINGUISTICA. UN PARAGONE TRA METAFORE DEL CIBO IN ROMENO, INGLESE E ITALIANO
Authors: GOGÂȚĂ Cristina 
Published: April 2023

Food Metaphors – A Form of Cultural Heritage and Linguistic Innovation. A Comparison between Romanian, English, and Italian Food Metaphors. Food is the centre of our world, both as a vital resource, and as a social, religious, and aesthetical experience. The cognitive theory of metaphor focuses on the capacity of food metaphors to convey representations of the world specific to individual languages. The aim of our research is to compare food metaphors in Romanian, Italian, and English. The cognitive frameworks taken into consideration reveal common representations of physical and moral human features that Italian, English and Romanian speakers associate with food metaphors. In this manner, food metaphors act as a cultural matrix encoding beliefs and stereotypes about us, about what we perceive as success and/or failure. Also, the food metaphors have a strongly motivated character, as the traits of food are similar to the physical and moral traits of human beings. Nevertheless, the comparison of the three languages reveals differences in the foods that are considered central, vital to each gastronomic community and in the traits that are valued or disregarded. Another subchapter of our research analyses food metaphors in argot, albeit its fast transformation due to its functioning as a secret language.
Metaforele alimentare – o formă de moștenire culturală și de inovație lingvistică. O comparație a metaforelor alimentare în limbile română, engleză și italiană. Mâncarea se regăsește în centrul vieții noastre, atât ca resursă vitală, cât și ca practică socială, religioasă ori estetică. Teoria metaforei conceptuale vizează potențialul metaforelor alimentare de a transmite reprezentări individuale ale lumii, în funcție de fiecare limbă. Scopul prezentei cercetări este de a compara metafore alimentare în limbile română, italiană și engleză. Schemele conceptuale analizate dezvăluie reprezentări comune ale trăsăturilor fizice și morale pe care vorbitorii italieni, români și englezi le asociază cu metaforele alimentare. Astfel, metaforele alimentare funcționează ca o matrice culturală care însumează credințe și stereotipii despre noi și despre ceea ce considerăm drept succes și/sau eșec. De asemenea, metaforele alimentare au un caracter profund motivat, deoarece trăsăturile alimentelor sunt similare trăsăturilor umane fizice și morale. Cu toate acestea, comparația în cele trei limbi relevă diferențe în ceea ce privește alimentele considerate centrale, esențiale pentru fiecare comunitate gastronomică, precum și în privința trăsăturilor care sunt valorizate sau disprețuite.
Cuvinte-cheie: metafore alimentare, schemă conceptuală, teoria metaforei conceptuale, limba română, limba italiană, limba engleză
Article history: Received 6 December 2022; Revised 5 February 2023; Accepted 27 February 2023; Available online 27 March 2023; Available print 31 March 2023.