bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D‐reconstructions of zygospores in Zygnema vaginatum (Charophyta) reveal details of cell wall formation, suggesting adaptations to extreme habitats
Authors: Permann Charlotte , Pichrtová Martina , Šoljaková Tereza , Herburger Klaus , Jouneau Pierre‐Henri , Uwizeye Clarisse , Falconet Denis , Marechal Eric , Holzinger Andreas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe streptophyte green algal class Zygnematophyceae is the immediate sister lineage to land plants. Their special form of sexual reproduction via conjugation might have played a key role during terrestrialization. Thus, studying Zygnematophyceae and conjugation is crucial for understanding the conquest of land. Moreover, sexual reproduction features are important for species determination. We present a phylogenetic analysis of a field‐sampled Zygnema strain and analyze its conjugation process and zygospore morphology, both at the micro‐ and nanoscale, including 3D‐reconstructions of the zygospore architecture. Vegetative filament size (26.18 ± 1.07 μm) and reproductive features allowed morphological determination of Zygnema vaginatum, which was combined with molecular analyses based on rbcL sequencing. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) depicted a thin cell wall in young zygospores, while mature cells exhibited a tripartite wall, including a massive and sculptured mesospore. During development, cytological reorganizations were visualized by focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB‐SEM). Pyrenoids were reorganized, and the gyroid cubic central thylakoid membranes, as well as the surrounding starch granules, degraded (starch granule volume: 3.58 ± 2.35 μm3 in young cells; 0.68 ± 0.74 μm3 at an intermediate stage of zygospore maturation). Additionally, lipid droplets (LDs) changed drastically in shape and abundance during zygospore maturation (LD/cell volume: 11.77% in young cells; 8.79% in intermediate cells, 19.45% in old cells). In summary, we provide the first TEM images and 3D‐reconstructions of Zygnema zygospores, giving insights into the physiological processes involved in their maturation. These observations help to understand mechanisms that facilitated the transition from water to land in Zygnematophyceae.
Ruggedness and child health outcomes: Evidence from Burundi, Cameroon, Ethiopia and Nigeria
Authors: Chisadza Carolyn , Clance Matthew , van der Merwe Fritz , Yitbarek Eleni 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper examines the effect of terrain ruggedness on child stunting in Burundi, Cameroon, Ethiopia and Nigeria. Using a cross‐section analysis with data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and a measure that captures variation in the terrains of the countries, we find that the more difficult it is to traverse the terrain in Burundi, Cameroon and Nigeria, the higher the likelihood of child stunting. However, this association is not consistent for Ethiopia until we account for the Oromia region, which has the capital city Addis Ababa. These results remain robust with the inclusion of socio‐economic factors related to child health (e.g. maternal health, maternal education and household income), demographic factors (e.g. gender of child), other geographical factors (e.g. rainfall patterns and malaria prevalence) and survey and region effects. The results suggest that there are complementary factors to geography that may contribute to poor child health outcomes, such as the quality of infrastructure and the ability to access healthcare services. Given that child health is a key development outcome, understanding such spatial variations associated with child health inequalities can assist in designing effective intervention programmes and allocating resources where they are most needed.
Introduction to the special issue on relational autonomy and collective intentionality
Authors: Gallagher Shaun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis essay introduces the 40th Annual Spindel Conference special issue on relational autonomy and collective intentionality. Autonomy is often discussed in contexts of individual intention formation and moral decision making. When we consider collective intention formation and the decision‐making practices of institutions, a number of questions can be raised: How does the individual autonomy of participants affect the collective process? How do such collective processes modulate the autonomy of the individuals involved? How do institutional decisions and practices affect individual autonomy more generally—in what way do they enhance or undermine autonomy? Is there a significant difference in how we answer these questions if we already think of autonomy as relational rather than in a traditional individualistic way?
Discovering novel barriers to eBook implementation
Authors: Tuttle Alexander , Wendt Linder , Schultz Katherine 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundMedical errors when managing inpatient paediatric patients with diabetes mellitus can lead to significant morbidity and mortality, necessitating improvement in training of medical trainees. Previous educational interventions have focused on time and resource intensive methods, restricting their applicability to teaching in time‐limited scenarios. We chose a blended learning approach to create and implement a novel eBook for use by trainees and then aimed to determine the efficacy and potential barriers to that implementation.ApproachWe grounded our work in complex adaptive systems theory and used the framework of complex adaptive blended learning system (CABLS) to shape both our implementation and evaluation. We utilised an embedded mixed methodology to quantitatively evaluate efficacy via knowledge acquisition and self‐reported confidence and to qualitatively evaluate barriers via open‐ended questions.EvaluationBetween 2022 and 2023, the study enrolled 72 learners and 12 educators. There was no statistically significant difference in change in knowledge acquisition and self‐reported confidence between learners who did and did not have access to the eBook. Learners and educators identified several unique and novel barriers to eBook implementation, which were mapped to the CABLS framework.ImplicationsOur results on the efficacy of implementation are inconclusive, possibly due to the small participant size and implying a need for multi‐institutional evaluation. Our qualitative results demonstrated previously unknown barriers to eBook implementation. This knowledge can assist other medical specialties as they implement their own eBooks. We also hope to use these barriers to improve implementation in our next iteration: the outpatient setting.
A Novel Quasilinear Viscoelastic Model of the Bending of a Steerable Catheter
Authors: Ryu Jajun , Ahn Jung Hwan , Kim Hwa Young 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The present study proposes a novel model that establishes the relationship between the bending moment and the curvature of a steerable catheter. The catheters exhibit a nonlinear viscoelastic tendency, so the moment-curvature relationship is modeled as a bending of a quasi-linear viscoelastic (QLV) cantilever beam. Stress relaxation tests with multiple magnitudes are performed on a catheter, and the parameter tuning is carried out with the test results to find out the coefficients of the model. The form of the instantaneous moment response, which is an important term within the QLV equation, is selected as a logarithmic form by analyzing the test results. This differentiates the accuracy of the model from using the commonly used exponential form. The performance of the logarithmic QLV model is compared to the conventional models by checking the curvature range each model can cover with a certain accuracy. The covering range for elastic, linear viscoelastic, and exponential QLV models are 22.1%, 64.4%, and 55.5%, respectively, whereas the covering range of the logarithmic QLV model is 100%.
Spatial Variation of the Coefficient of Restitution for Frictionless Impacts on Circular Beams
Authors: Khandelwal Aakash , Mukherjee Ranjan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The spatial variation of the coefficient of restitution for frictionless impacts along the length of a circular beam is investigated using a continuous impact model. The equations of motion are obtained using the finite element method, and direct time integration is used to simulate the collision on a fast time scale. For collision of a pinned beam with a fixed cylinder, the spatial variation of the coefficient of restitution, impulse magnitude, duration of collision, energetics, and the role of damping are investigated. In the absence of significant external damping, the kinematic and kinetic definitions of the coefficient of restitution provide identical results. Experiments validate the results from simulation which indicate that the coefficient of restitution is sensitive to the location of impact.
Turn-Taking Prediction for Human–Robot Collaborative Assembly Considering Human Uncertainty
Authors: Xu Wenjun , Feng Siqi , Yao Bitao , Ji Zhenrui , Liu Zhihao 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Human–robot collaboration (HRC) combines the repeatability and strength of robots and human’s ability of cognition and planning to enable a flexible and efficient production mode. The ideal HRC process is that robots can smoothly assist workers in complex environments. This means that robots need to know the process’s turn-taking earlier, adapt to the operating habits of different workers, and make reasonable plans in advance to improve the fluency of HRC. However, many of the current HRC systems ignore the fluent turn-taking between robots and humans, which results in unsatisfactory HRC and affects productivity. Moreover, there are uncertainties in humans as different humans have different operating proficiency, resulting in different operating speeds. This requires the robots to be able to make early predictions of turn-taking even when human is uncertain. Therefore, in this paper, an early turn-taking prediction method in HRC assembly tasks with Izhi neuron model-based spiking neural networks (SNNs) is proposed. On this basis, dynamic motion primitives (DMP) are used to establish trajectory templates at different operating speeds. The length of the sequence sent to the SNN network is judged by the matching degree between the observed data and the template, so as to adjust to human uncertainty. The proposed method is verified by the gear assembly case. The results show that our method can shorten the human–robot turn-taking recognition time under human uncertainty.
Identifying and Leveraging Promising Design Heuristics for Multi-Objective Combinatorial Design Optimization
Authors: Suresh Kumar Roshan , Srivatsa Srikar , Baker Emilie , Silberstein Meredith , Selva Daniel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Design heuristics are traditionally used as qualitative principles to guide the design process, but they have also been used to improve the efficiency of design optimization. Using design heuristics as soft constraints or search operators has been shown for some problems to reduce the number of function evaluations needed to achieve a certain level of convergence. However, in other cases, enforcing heuristics can reduce diversity and slow down convergence. This paper studies the question of when and how a given set of design heuristics represented in different forms (soft constraints, repair operators, and biased sampling) can be utilized in an automated way to improve efficiency for a given design problem. An approach is presented for identifying promising heuristics for a given problem by estimating the overall impact of a heuristic based on an exploratory screening study. Two impact indices are formulated: weighted influence index and hypervolume difference index. Using this approach, the promising heuristics for four design problems are identified and the efficacy of selectively enforcing only these promising heuristics over both enforcement of all available heuristics and not enforcing any heuristics is benchmarked. In all problems, it is found that enforcing only the promising heuristics as repair operators enables finding good designs faster than by enforcing all available heuristics or not enforcing any heuristics. Enforcing heuristics as soft constraints or biased sampling functions results in improvements in efficiency for some of the problems. Based on these results, guidelines for designers to leverage heuristics effectively in design optimization are presented.
Comparison of BioLIFT versus LIFT for the treatment of trans-sphincteric anal fistula: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ahn Hilalion (San) , Hu Richard , Gilbert Richard , Zwiep Terry , Moloo Husein , Williams Lara , Raiche Isabelle , Boushey Robin P , Friedlich Martin , Musselman Reilly P 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionIdentifying the optimal treatment for anal fistula has been challenging. Since first reported in 2007, the ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract (LIFT) procedure has reported healing rates between 40% and 95% and is being increasingly adopted. The BioLIFT is an augmentation of the LIFT with an intersphincteric bioprosthetic mesh and has reported healing rates between 69% and 94%. Despite increased costs and potential complications associated with mesh, the evidence comparing healing rates between BioLIFT and LIFT is unknown. This study details the protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of BioLIFT and LIFT to compare outcomes associated with each procedure.Methods and analysisMEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Database will be searched from inception using a search strategy designed by an information specialist. Randomised controlled trials, prospective and retrospective cohort studies, consecutive series, cross-sectional studies and case series with more than five patients will be included. Both comparative and single group studies will be included. The eligible population will be adult patients undergoing BioLIFT or LIFT for trans-sphincteric anal fistula. The primary outcome will be primary healing rate. Secondary outcomes will capture secondary healing rate and complications. Abstract, full text and data extraction will be completed independently and in duplicate by two reviewers. Study risk of bias will be assessed using Risk of Bias In Non-randomized Studies - of Interventions and the Risk of Bias (RoB 2.0) tool. Quality of evidence for outcomes will be evaluated using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations criteria. A meta-analysis will be performed using a random-effects inverse variance model. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses will be explored in relation to complex fistula characteristics and patients who have undergone previous LIFT. Heterogeneity will be assessed using the I2statistic.Ethics and disseminationThis review does not require research ethics board approval. This study will be completed in September 2022. The findings of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed international conferences and journals.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020127996.
Know-do gap for sick child care and drivers of knowledge and practice among health extension workers in four regions of Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Daka Dawit Wolde , Wordofa Muluemebet Abera , Woldie Mirkuzie 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveThough efforts were made to expand community-based sick child healthcare in Ethiopia, the quality of care provided remained low. Improving quality of care requires understanding providers’ knowledge of appropriate care and their actual execution of tasks. This study examined gap between what health extension workers (HEWs) knew and did during the management of sick children in Ethiopia.DesignFacility-based cross-sectional study was conducted.SettingThe study was carried out in 52 districts across 4 regions in Ethiopia.ParticipantsWe interviewed 274 HEWs and performed observations of consultations done by 150 HEWs supplemented with facility assessment from December 2018 to February 2019.OutcomeWe compared providers’ knowledge and performance in the management of childhood pneumonia and diarrhoea. Know-do gap implies the difference in proportion between knowledge and actual practice of HEWs. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of knowledge and actual practice.ResultsProviders’ correct knowledge ranged from 27.8% to 76.0% for signs and symptoms of pneumonia, and 32.0% to 84% for dehydration signs. Their actual practices ranged from 15.1% to 47.3% for pneumonia and 27.0% to 42.6% for dehydration. The correct knowledge and actual practices for pneumonia and dehydration management were 88.3% vs 15.6% and 93.9% vs 51.3%, respectively. There was significant know-do gap in assessments (16.7%, p=0.002) and management of childhood conditions (68.5%, p<0.0001). Mentorships were associated with providers’ knowledge of clinical management, while medicines availability was associated with their actual management practice.ConclusionsWhile knowledge and actual practice for assessment and management of pneumonia and dehydration ranged from very low to high, what is more concerning is the huge know-do gap among HEWs. Our findings suggest that knowledge-based training is necessary but not sufficient for ensuring correct assessment and management of sick children by HEWs. Continuous support through mentorships and the supply of commodities are critically needed.
Understanding how and why upskilling programmes for unregulated care providers can support health equity in underserved communities: a realist review protocol
Authors: Hassan Samah , Rac Valeria E , Hodges Brian David , Leake Patti , Cobbing Saul , Gray Catharine Marie , Bartley Nicola , Etherington Andrea , Abdulwasi Munira , Cheung Hei-Ching Kristy , Anderson Melanie , Woods Nicole N 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionFoot ulcers are one of the most devastating complications of diabetes mellitus leading to leg amputations. In Canada, systematically marginalised and racialised populations are more prone to developing foot ulcers and at higher risk of limb amputations. Shortages of regulated healthcare have hindered efforts to provide foot care. Upskilling unregulated care providers (UCPs) to deliver foot screening seems a reasonable solution to reduce limb loss. UCPs can advocate for health equity and deliver appropriate care. There is a need, however, to understand how and why an educational intervention for UCPs providing foot screening for these high-risk groups may or may not work.Methods and analysisThis realist review will follow the Realist And Meta-narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards standards. First, we will develop an initial programme theory (PrT) based on exploratory searches and discussions with experts and stakeholders. Then, we will search MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, ERIC, CINAHL and Scopus databases along with relevant sources of grey literature. The retrieved articles will be screened for studies focusing on planned educational interventions for UCPs related to diabetic foot assessment. Data regarding contexts, mechanisms and outcomes will be extracted and analysed using a realist analysis through an iterative process that includes data reviewing and consultation with our team. Finally, we will use these results to modify the initial PrT.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this review. The main output of this research will be an evidence-based PrT for upskilling programmes for UCPs. We will share our final PrT using text, tables and infographics to summarise our results and draw insights across papers/reports. For academic, clinical, social care and educational audiences, we will produce peer-reviewed journal articles, including those detailing the process and findings of the realist review and establishing our suggestions for effective upskilling programmes.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022369208.
General lifestyle factors explain young athletes’ mental health more than perceived coach autonomy support: a cross-sectional study on basketball players and gymnasts aged 10–22
Authors: Lundqvist Carolina , Asratian Anna , Dahlström Örjan 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesThis study described differences in lifestyle factors (sleeping problems/fatigue, pressure/activation), perceived coach autonomy support and indicators of mental health (well-being and poor general mental health) across various age groups (children ≤12 years, youths 13–15 years, junior to senior ≥16 years) and sports (basketball and gymnastics). Second, the relationships between lifestyle factors and mental health indicators were explored, hypothesising that the relationships would be mediated by perceived coach autonomy support.MethodsA cross-sectional study design was implemented by using an online survey which assessed lifestyle and environmental factors as well as mental health indicators. Participants were recruited through sports clubs in basketball and gymnastics. A total of 209 athletes (77 basketball players and 132 gymnasts) in the age range of 10–22 (median=13) years volunteered to complete the survey.ResultsSeparate two-way analyses of variance showed significant main effects for age group on sleeping problems/fatigue, sleep quantity, pressure/activation, well-being and poor general mental health, with higher scores reported for older age groups of athletes. Path analysis displayed sleeping problems/fatigue and pressure/activation to significantly affect decreased well-being and poor general mental health; however, the relationships were not mediated by perceived coach autonomy support.ConclusionLifestyle factors play a prominent role in mental health outcomes. Researchers studying athlete mental health should consider both general lifestyle and sports-related factors, considering developmental phases in the young athlete’s sporting context and overall life.
Perceived masculinity from Facebook photographs of candidates predicts electoral success
Authors: Park Kunwoo , Joo Jungseock 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPoliticians have used the web and social media to circumvent the gatekeeping behavior of traditional mass media by directly communicating with supporters in their accounts. This paper is aimed at understanding communication strategies used by politicians and campaigns, focusing on the role of gender cues in their visual self-presentation and their impact on election outcomes. Previous research has discussed the importance of visual portrayals of leaders in campaigns. These studies, however, have been mainly based on manual coding and are limited in scale and scope. This paper aims to fill the research gap by introducing a multi task method that infers perceived gender-stereotypical visual traits from social media images. We analyze 77,861 photographs collected from the Facebook accounts of 554 US politicians who ran in the 2018 elections. Regression analyses discover the positive association of the masculinity trait for electoral outcomes. We also identify an empirical evidence that the effect of gender stereotypes could vary according to the gender and party combinations of the candidates in a race. In the intersectional analysis, we found that the win of female democrats against the same gendered opponent was positively correlated with the femininity trait score. This study provides methodological foundations and empirical contributions to the understanding of politicians’ campaign behaviors via photographs shared on social media and their relation to electoral success.