bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective utilization of non‐homologous end‐joining and homologous recombination for DNA repair during meiotic maturation in mouse oocytes
Authors: Lee Crystal , Leem Jiyeon , Oh Jeong Su 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) are highly toxic lesions that can cause genomic instability and can be repaired by non‐homologous end‐joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR) pathways. Despite extensive studies about DSB repair pathways, the roles of each pathway during meiotic maturation in oocytes are not well understood. Here we show that oocytes selectively utilize NHEJ and HR to repair DSBs during meiotic maturation. Inhibition of NHEJ impaired the meiotic maturation of oocytes with DNA damage by activating the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) with a concomitant increase in metaphase I (MI) arrest and DNA damage levels. In contrast, oocytes with DNA damage bypassed SAC‐mediated MI arrest despite the presence of fragmented DNA when HR was inhibited. Notably, this bypass of SAC arrest by HR inhibition was associated with a loss of centromere integrity and subsequent impairment of chromosome architecture. Our results demonstrate that, while NHEJ is critical for the meiotic maturation of oocytes with DNA damage, HR is essential to maintain centromere integrity against DNA damage during meiotic maturation, revealing distinct roles of NHEJ and HR during meiotic maturation in mouse oocytes.
Habitat suitability and area of occupancy defined for rare New World sea snake
Authors: Bessesen Brooke L. , Garrido‐Cayul Carla , González‐Suárez Manuela 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHydrophis platurus xanthos is a marine reptile endemic to the inner basin of Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica, and one of only two sea snake taxa found in the New World. In this study we assessed several marine conditions that describe its habitat, and we define its geographical distribution range. We used 423 occurrence records of H. p. xanthos collected during multiple studies to model habitat suitability in Maxent considering water depth and 12 interpolated hydrographic variables: Beaufort wind force, sea surface temperature, and averages of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and pH at 0.5 and 10 m based on probe readings collected in 2020 and 2021 at 68 sampling locations. We used area under the curve (AUC) to evaluate our Maxent models and the cloglog minimum training presence threshold to render our suitable habitat maps. The most influential environmental predictor was depth, but occurrences were also affected by hydrographic conditions. Indeed, a model excluding depth consistently identified only areas in and around the inner basin area as suitable, suggesting the sea snakes are not only restricted by depth but likely have adapted to water conditions that differ from those farther to the south and outside the gulf in the broader Pacific Ocean. Anthropogenic and climate‐induced changes may already be impacting the marine environment of this single, isolated population. Our study offers the first quantitative evaluation of habitat suitability for H. p. xanthos and we estimate its extent of occurrence (282 km2) and current area of occupancy (260 km2) to inform conservation assessments and guide protection measures.
Priorities for translating goodwill between movement ecologists and conservation practitioners into effective collaboration
Authors: Nuijten Rascha J. M. , Katzner Todd E. , Allen Andrew M. , Bijleveld Allert I. , Boorsma Tjalle , Börger Luca , Cagnacci Francesca , Hart Tom , Henley Michelle A. , Herren Richard M. , Kok Eva M. A. , Maree Bronwyn , Nebe Bruno , Shohami David , Vogel Susanne Marieke , Walker Paul , Heitkönig Ignas M. A. , Milner‐Gulland E. J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAddressing ongoing biodiversity loss requires collaboration between conservation scientists and practitioners. However, such collaboration has proved challenging. Despite the potential importance of tracking animal movements for conservation, reviews of the tracking literature have identified a gap between the academic discipline of movement ecology and its application to biodiversity conservation. Through structured conversations with movement ecologists and conservation practitioners, we aimed to understand whether the identified gap is also perceived in practice, and if so, what factors hamper collaboration and how these factors can be remediated. We found that both groups are motivated and willing to collaborate. However, because their motivations differ, there is potential for misunderstandings and miscommunications. In addition, external factors such as funder requirements, academic metrics, and journal scopes may limit the applicability of scientific results in a conservation setting. Potential solutions we identified included improved communication and better presentation of results, acknowledging each other's motivations and desired outputs, and adjustment of funder priorities. Addressing gaps between science and implementation can enhance collaboration and support conservation action to address the global biodiversity crisis more effectively.
Climate change affects Galliformes taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity indexes, shifting conservation priority areas in China
Authors: Wang Bin , Ye Weijia , Xu Yu , Zhong Xue , Zhang Jindong , Yang Nan , Yang Biao , Zhou Caiquan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimComprehensive biodiversity protection necessitates the consideration of multiple indexes of diversity, and how the distribution patterns of priority areas may shift under climate change. Galliformes is a globally endangered avian order vulnerable to climate change that provide an important indicator for wildlife conservation effectiveness. Here, we identified priority areas for conserving Galliformes taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity in China and their spatial dynamics subject to climate change, and examined how well existing protected areas align with current and future priority areas.LocationChina.MethodsWe applied species distribution modelling and Zonation algorithms to identify conservation priority area dynamics for 47 galliform species across three biodiversity indexes subject to three future climate change scenarios to 2050s and 2070s. We overlaid these identified priority areas onto existing national nature reserves and national parks to assess and project their effectiveness.ResultsCurrent priority areas proved spatially incongruent between indexes, with an optimal area overlap comprising just 10.3% of China's land area, lying largely outside of existing protected areas. Furthermore, over 80% of modelled optimal priority areas currently lacked formal conservation status. Future priority areas will shift substantially under climate change, to an extent dependent on greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Nevertheless, we identified five large regions where optimal Galliformes diversity indexes should remain stable under all scenarios, thus providing potential climatic refugia, if protected from human encroachment.Main ConclusionsThe current deficits we identified for Galliformes protection in China resonate with a broader need for hierarchical conservation strategic planning across regions and ecosystems to ensure long‐term biodiversity protection, accommodating for climate change.
Anagliptin twice‐daily regimen improves glycaemic variability in subjects with type 2 diabetes: A double‐blind, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lee Yong‐ho , Kim Doo‐Man , Yu Jae Myung , Choi Kyung Mook , Kim Sin Gon , Park Kang Seo , Son Hyun‐Shik , Chung Choon Hee , Ahn Kyu Jeung , Lee Soon Hee , Song Ki‐Ho , Kwon Su Kyoung , Park Hyeong Kyu , Won Kyu Chang , Jang Hak Chul ,   the ACACIA Study Group
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimTo determine whether the twice‐daily (BID) regimen is superior to the once‐daily (QD) regimen for managing glycaemic variability by comparing the effects of anagliptin 100 mg BID versus sitagliptin 100 mg QD.Materials and MethodsA double‐blinded, randomized, multicentre study was performed in 89 patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin alone (6.5% < HbA1c < 8.5%). Subjects were randomly assigned to anagliptin 100 mg BID or sitagliptin 100 mg QD in a 1:1 ratio for 12 weeks. Continuous glucose monitoring was used to measure the mean amplitude of glycaemic excursion (MAGE) and postprandial time in range (TIR) before and after dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitor treatment to compare glycaemic variability.ResultsThe decrease from baseline in MAGE at 12 weeks after DPP‐4 inhibitor treatment was significantly greater in the anagliptin BID group than in the sitagliptin QD group (P < .05); −30.4 ± 25.6 mg/dl (P < .001) in the anagliptin group versus −9.5 ± 38.0 mg/dl (P = .215) in the sitagliptin group. The TIR after dinner increased by 33.0% ± 22.0% (P < .001) in the anagliptin group and by 14.6% ± 28.2% (P = .014) in the sitagliptin group, with a statistically significant difference (P = .009). No statistically significant differences were observed between the groups in the changes in HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose (FPG).ConclusionsThe anagliptin BID regimen for the treatment of type 2 diabetes was superior in blood glucose control after dinner to improve glycaemic variability, as indicated by MAGE and TIR, but was equivalent to the QD regimen in terms of HbA1c and FPG.
Revenue pressure of local governments and firm productivity: Evidence from a natural experiment in China
Authors: Zhu Ling , Kong Dongmin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study investigates how the revenue pressure of local governments affects firm total factor productivity (TFP). To establish causality, we exploit a policy shock in China, that is, the cancellation of agricultural tax in 2005. Specifically, we document that governments suffering from sudden tax reduction substantially increase local firms' productivity in the subsequent periods. Furthermore, we use the difference‐in‐differences‐in‐differences approach to explore the potential channels through which the local fiscal squeeze improves firm productivity. Local firms increase capital and employment and adopt a higher capital‐to‐labour substitution for a higher TFP in response to the local governments' fiscal squeeze. We find that the effects of revenue pressure incentives on productivity are prominent in firms with low resource misallocation and high labour quality. Our finding suggests that local governments could improve firm productivity in response to fiscal revenue pressure by enhancing resource allocation efficiency and labour quality.
Desensitization protocol to lenalidomide: An effective and safe treatment modality for delayed hypersensitivity‐induced rash in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Shamriz Oded , Parnasa Elchanan , Rubin Limor , Talmon Aviv , Ribak Yaarit , Lebel Eyal , Vainstein Vladimir , Aumann Shlomzion , Saban Revital , Gatt Moshe E. , Tal Yuval 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroduction and ObjectivesLenalidomide is considered a standard of care in multiple myeloma (MM) Some MM patients will develop delayed hypersensitivity to lenalidomide, which can lead to treatment discontinuation. Desensitization to lenalidomide can help these patients to complete treatment courses. Here, we aimed to review lenalidomide‐treated MM patients who developed delayed hypersensitivity‐induced rash and were treated with desensitization.MethodsA retrospective analysis of medical files of MM patients, who were desensitized to lenalidomide due to delayed hypersensitivity rash. Patients were treated between 2018 and 2022 at Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.ResultsSearch of patients yielded 16 patients that underwent desensitization to lenalidomide within the study period. The desensitization protocol consisted of a slow, 3‐week‐long protocol with lenalidomide's target doses of 10, 15, and 25 mg/day. Of the 16 patients, 10 (62.5%) succeeded to complete the protocol and thus were able to complete lenalidomide treatment cycles. One patient with unsuccessful desensitization was subsequently treated with first‐generation IMiD thalidomide, with no rash appearing. None of the patients that were treated with desensitization had severe immune‐mediated or non‐dermatological adverse reactions.ConclusionsDesensitization to lenalidomide is safe and effective. Discontinuation of lenalidomide in MM patients with delayed hypersensitivity and no contraindication to desensitization should be discouraged. Collaboration between hematologists and allergists is needed.
Black‐headed gulls synchronize vigilance with their nearest neighbor irrespective of the neighbor's relative position
Authors: Novčić Ivana , Mlakar Matija Medved , Vidović Zoran , Hauber Mark E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBehavioral synchronization refers to actions conducted simultaneously by two or more individuals at the same place. Through behavioral synchronization, animals may increase social cohesion of their groups or achieve antipredator and foraging benefits. We examined whether black‐headed gulls (Chroicocephalus ridibundus) synchronized vigilance with their nearest neighbors and whether synchronization was affected by the neighbor's relative position. We predicted that (1) the synchronization of vigilance is less likely when neighbors are positioned behind focal individuals, i.e., within the blind sector of their visual field, and that (2) birds may show preference for copying vigilance when neighbors are situated at one side due to known laterality in avian eye use for antipredator vigilance. Data were obtained for 46 pairs of individuals—focal gulls and their nearest neighbors—through the observation of video‐recorded material. Gulls significantly synchronized vigilance with their nearest neighbors irrespective of the neighbor's relative spatial position—the odds that the focal individual would scan its environment were increased almost three times if the nearest neighbor was also vigilant. Contrary to our predictions, however, we did not find evidence that synchronization of vigilance in gulls was dependent on their nearest neighbor's relative position, which could be due to several reasons: (i) gulls may pay attention not only to their nearest neighbors but also to more distant ones and/or (ii) gulls may have reacted to some cues other than visual, such as alarm sounds. Although the mechanism of synchronization in gulls remains unknown, by being vigilant at the same time as other group members, the gulls may achieve additional antipredator benefits.
Analysis of user's car parking behaviour through twitter hashtags
Authors: Arhab Nabil , Oussalah Mourad , Bounab Yazid 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDue to its ease and popularity, social media has recently become an essential source of data for researchers and various stakeholder groups that seek a reliable assessment of their policies based on a comprehensive understanding of users' feedback and inputs, which are reflected in their posts and discussions. In this study, we investigate the issue of users' car parking behaviour through a comprehensive analysis of related hashtags collected from the Twitter social media platform. For this purpose, we adopted a two‐step strategy where in the first stage, a surface‐level analysis of the identified hashtags involving inductive reasoning, sentiment analysis, and user interaction in terms of engagement and diversity scores is performed. In the second phase, a tweet content analysis is performed using sentiment analysis and Empath categorization with respect to the most frequent wordings (assimilating to separate topics), in the same spirit as aspect‐sentiment analysis, to gain further insights regarding the occurrence of negative and positive posts. A quantitative evaluation of the coherence of the Empath categorization indicates that achieved 0.83% coherence score and outperformed both LDA and LSA that had a score of 0.77% and 0.76% respectively. Furthermore, the common word technique assimilated to aspect sentiment compared to the state‐of‐the‐art model for aspect sentiment‐based deberta‐v3‐base model. Besides, the influence of bots or spammers is evaluated using engagement/diversity measures and Botometer API. The results provide valuable insights in terms of discriminating between positive and negative posts and the correlation of surface‐level analysis with content‐based analysis, as well as the impact of various categorizations. The results expect to enable urban planners and policymakers to advance evidence‐based policing in the future design of intelligent parking systems.
Borealization of nearshore fishes on an interior Arctic shelf over multiple decades
Authors: von Biela Vanessa R. , Laske Sarah M. , Stanek Ashley E. , Brown Randy J. , Dunton Kenneth H. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBorealization is a type of community reorganization where Arctic specialists are replaced by species with more boreal distributions in response to climatic warming. The process of borealization is often exemplified by the northward range expansions and subsequent proliferation of boreal species on the Pacific and Atlantic inflow Arctic shelves (i.e., Bering/Chukchi and Barents seas, respectively). But the circumpolar nearshore distribution of Arctic‐boreal fishes that predates recent warming suggests borealization is possible beyond inflow shelves. To examine this question, we revisited two nearshore lagoons in the eastern Alaska Beaufort Sea (Kaktovik and Jago lagoons, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, USA), a High Arctic interior shelf. We compared summer fish species assemblage, catch rate, and size distribution among three periods that spanned a 30‐year record (baseline conditions, 1988–1991; moderate sea ice decline, 2003–2005; rapid sea ice decline, 2017–2019). Fish assemblages differed among periods in both lagoons, consistent with borealization. Among Arctic specialists, a clear decline in fourhorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus quadricornis, Kanayuq in Iñupiaq) occurred in both lagoons with 86%–90% lower catch rates compared with the baseline period. Among the Arctic‐boreal species, a dramatic 18‐ to 19‐fold increase in saffron cod (Eleginus gracilis, Uugaq) occurred in both lagoons. Fish size (length) distributions demonstrated increases in the proportion of larger fish for most species examined, consistent with increasing survival and addition of age‐classes. These field data illustrate borealization of an Arctic nearshore fish community during a period of rapid warming. Our results agree with predictions that Arctic‐boreal fishes (e.g., saffron cod) are well positioned to exploit the changing Arctic ecosystem. Another Arctic‐boreal species, Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma, Iqalukpik), appear to have already responded to warming by shifting from Arctic nearshore to shelf waters. More broadly, our findings suggest that areas of borealization could be widespread in the circumpolar nearshore.
Machine learning extracts oncogenic‐specific γ‐H2AX foci formation pattern upon genotoxic stress
Authors: Furuya Kanji , Ikura Masae , Ikura Tsuyoshi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractH2AX is a histone H2A variant that becomes phosphorylated upon genotoxic stress. The phosphorylated H2AX (γ‐H2AX) plays an antioncogenic role in the DNA damage response and its foci patterns are highly variable, in terms of intensities and sizes. However, whether characteristic γ‐H2AX foci patterns are associated with oncogenesis (oncogenic‐specific γ‐H2AX foci patterns) remains unknown. We previously reported that a defect in the acetyltransferase activity of TIP60 promotes cancer cell growth in human cell lines. In this study, we compared γ‐H2AX foci patterns between TIP60 wild‐type cells and TIP60 HAT mutant cells by using machine learning. When focused solely on the intensity and size of γ‐H2AX foci, we extracted the TIP60 HAT mutant‐like oncogenic‐specific γ‐H2AX foci pattern among all datasets of γ‐H2AX foci patterns. Furthermore, by using the dimensionality reduction method UMAP, we also observed TIP60 HAT mutant‐like oncogenic‐specific γ‐H2AX foci patterns in TIP60 wild‐type cells. In summary, we propose the existence of an oncogenic‐specific γ‐H2AX foci pattern and the importance of a machine learning approach to extract oncogenic signaling among the γ‐H2AX foci variations.
Graduating in uncertain times: The impact of COVID‐19 on recent graduate career prospects, trajectories and outcomes
Authors: Tomlinson Michael , Reedy Florence , Burg Damon 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article examines the impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on recent UK graduates' initial employment outcomes and how they experience the transition into a challenging labour market context. We draw on longitudinal survey and interview data, collected from recent graduates who had mainly graduated during the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic in summer 2020 that examines graduate perception of the labour market, impacts on labour market entry impacts and early career progression and effects of periods of unemployment or under‐employment. The article shows some of the main impacts of the recent pandemic‐affected labour market, including: widespread concerns about job opportunities and employer support, the perceived employment impacts of the pandemic and early signs of scarring and labour market disorientation amongst those who were struggling to find employment of their choice. Such experiences are clearly intensified during the specific COVID‐19 context, but the policy implications they raise have wider relevance for supporting graduates during future periods of labour market volatility.
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma with focal psammomatous calcifications: a rare occurrence mimicking translocation carcinoma
Authors: Sangoi Ankur R , Al‐Obaidy Khaleel I , Cheng Liang , Kao Chia‐Sui , Chan Emily , Sadasivan Sudha , Levin Albert M , Alvarado‐Cabrero Isabel , Kunju Lakshmi P , Mehra Rohit , Mannan Rahul , Wang Xioming , Dhillon Jasreman , Tretiakova Maria , Smith Steven C , Hes Ondrej , Williamson Sean R 
Published: December 2022

AimsRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) with clear cells and psammoma‐like calcifications would often raise suspicion for MITF family translocation RCC. However, we have rarely encountered tumours consistent with clear cell RCC that contain focal psammomatous calcifications.Methods and resultsWe identified clear cell RCCs with psammomatous calcifications from multiple institutions and performed immunohistochemistry and fluorescence and RNA in‐situ hybridisation (FISH and RNA ISH). Twenty‐one tumours were identified: 12 men, nine women, aged 45–83 years. Tumour size was 2.3–14.0 cm (median = 6.75 cm). Nucleolar grade was 3 (n = 14), 2 (n = 4) or 4 (n = 3). In addition to clear cell pattern, morphology included eosinophilic (n = 12), syncytial giant cell (n = 4), rhabdoid (n = 2), branched glandular (n = 1), early spindle cell (n = 1) and poorly differentiated components (n = 1). Labelling for CA9 was usually 80–100% of the tumour cells (n = 17 of 21), but was sometimes decreased in areas of eosinophilic cells (n = 4). All (19 of 19) were positive for CD10. Most (19 of 20) were positive for AMACR (variable staining = 20–100%). Staining was negative for keratin 7, although four showed rare positive cells (four of 20). Results were negative for cathepsin K (none of 19), melan A (none of 17), HMB45 (none of 17), TFE3 (none of 5), TRIM63 RNA ISH (none of 13), and TFE3 (none of 19) and TFEB rearrangements (none of 12). Seven of 19 (37%) showed chromosome 3p deletion. One (one of 19) showed trisomy 7 and 17 without papillary features.ConclusionsPsammomatous calcifications in RCC with a clear cell pattern suggests a diagnosis of MITF family translocation RCC; however, psammomatous calcifications can rarely be found in true clear cell RCC.