bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stretchable and Flexible Snake Skin Patterned Electrodes for Wearable Electronics Inspired by Kirigami Structure
Authors: Kang Chaeyoung , Kim Seong‐Won , Kim Wook , Choi Dukhyun , Kim Han‐Ki 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHerein, snake‐skin‐patterned electrodes, with high versatility and excellent biocompatibility, are developed by combining the Kirigami structure and biomimicry. The snake‐skin electrode has excellent stretchability owing to the integration of the Kirigami structure and patterning. The snake skin patterns are optimized through finite element analysis (FEA) simulations to determine the most stretchable pattern structure. Based on the FEA results, we fabricated the optimal pattern on a polyurethane (PU) substrate by sputtering the AgPdCu alloy target. Even at high strains of 30% and 50%, the electrode exhibits much better stretchability compared with the electrode without the snake skin pattern. The best stretchable electrode exhibits a resistance change (ΔR) of less than 1.5 when it is severely stretched at up to 50% strain. Additionally, the dynamic stretching fatigue test, reveals that it exhibits stable conductivity, thus proving the effectiveness of using snake‐skin pattern for stretchable electrodes. The bending, rolling, folding and twisting tests confirm that the electrode has outstanding flexibility, too. A wearable temperature sensor with a snake‐skin‐patterned electrode exhibits stable and highly sensitive temperature sensing properties. In addition, light emitting diodes connected to the stretchable electrode exhibits stable brightness despite severe deformation of the electrodes.
Scaling toward Diminutive MEMS: Dust‐Sized Spray Chips for Aerosolized Drug Delivery to the Lung
Authors: Last Torben Sebastian , Pagliano Simone , Iordanidis Theocharis Nikiforos , Niklaus Frank , Stemme Göran , Roxhed Niclas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe functional area of silicon‐based microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices often occupies only a fraction of the actual silicon area of the chip. As the chip cost directly scales with the total chip area, there is an incentive to reduce the chip to the smallest possible size. However, handling such diminutive devices poses challenges that industry‐standard packaging cannot solve. Here, the world's smallest spray nozzle chip for drug delivery to the lung is manufactured and packaged and how magnetic assembly combined with microfluidic glue fixation can overcome this barrier for diminutive MEMS devices is demonstrated. The spray nozzle chips have a circular footprint with a diameter of 280 µm and feature a nickel coating on their conical sidewall, allowing magnetic manipulation. The chips are assembled and sealed into plastic substrates using a three‐step gluing process guided by capillary action and activated by heat. Assembly speeds of up to 147 chips per minute are demonstrated and fabrication to packaging and functional operation of this device is shown for the target application.
3D Printed Magnet‐Infused Origami Platform for 3D Cell Culture Assessments
Authors: Moonesi Rad Reza , Daul Brandon , Glass Phillip , Joh Richard , Pemberton Charles , Shar Andy , Kim Jong Hyuk , Joung Daeha 
Published: March 2023

Abstract3D printed platforms have diverse possible applications in cell‐based assays, creating biomimetic tissue or organ microenvironments, delineating cell‐to‐cell, cell‐to‐matrix, or cell‐to‐local microenvironment interactions, and investigating drug discovery. Existing engineering techniques limit physiologically relevant 3D cell proliferation and spatiotemporal organization of cells. Herein, a facile fabrication strategy is proposed for magnetically controllable, shape‐morphing, superparamagnetic 3D iron oxide nanoparticle/cellulose acetate scaffolds produced via origami‐inspired 3D printing technology. The additional dimensionality allows the creation of highly customizable 3D in vitro magnetoactive cell culture platforms in which cells can experience gravity with uniform surface morphology, favorable long‐term biodegradability, and low iron ion release that can be actuated numerous times. Leveraging this platform's properties, the spatial and temporal proliferation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells are demonstrated, enabling pre‐ and post‐folding dynamic regulation of cellular behaviors at a local level. It is further demonstrated that the viability of the seeded NIH/3T3 fibroblasts remains > 94% and spreads and proliferates within the scaffold channels over a period of 7 d in culture. Therefore, this transformative cell culture assessment could provide alternative directions to revolutionize the 3D cell culture platform to monitor cellular responses to drugs, compounds, and external stimuli and advance personalized treatments.
Artificial p–n‐like Junction Based on Pure 2D Organic–Inorganic Halide Perovskite Structure Having Naphthalene Diimide Acceptor Moieties
Authors: Feng Zhao , Liu Xuelong , Imaoka Kentaro , Ishii Tomohiro , Tumen‐Ulzii Ganbaatar , Tang Xun , Harrington George F. , Heinrich Benoît , Ribierre Jean‐Charles , Chamoreau Lise‐Marie , Sosa Vargas Lydia , Kreher David , Goushi Kenichi , Matsushima Toshinori , Zhou Guijiang , Mathevet Fabrice , Adachi Chihaya 
Published: March 2023

Abstract2D organic–inorganic perovskites are an emerging class of materials with great potential for optoelectronics since a wide variety of large functional chromophores can be regularly incorporated. Among this new type of materials, hybrid perovskite systems incorporating strong electron acceptor molecules are considered as a promising approach to designing a new type of functional 2D perovskites for optoelectronics. In this work, a rare example of organic–inorganic 2D perovskite incorporating strong acceptors such as naphthalene diimide (NDI) building blocks between inorganic sheets is presented. This hybrid architecture forms highly air‐stable thin films with a structure consisting of inorganic perovskite monolayers of metal‐halide octahedra separated by bilayers of NDI‐based organic cations. The presence of strong electron‐accepting moieties in this multifunctional donor–acceptor hybrid heterostructure leads to a rare type II heterojunction in which the excitons can be efficiently dissociated via the electron‐transfer process and in which holes and electrons can be easily confined in the inorganic and organic sublayers, respectively. Such an ultimate p–n heterojunction shows improved photoconduction properties with a photocurrent multiplied by ≈40 under white‐light illumination in comparison to a similar 2D perovskite structure containing optically and electrically inert alkyl chains as organic components.
Pyrrole–Imidazole Polyamides – A Frontrunner in Nucleic Acid‐Based Small Molecule Drugs
Authors: Vaijayanthi Thangavel , Pandian Ganesh N. , Sugiyama Hiroshi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe remarkable success of messenger RNA vaccines against the ongoing coronavirus‐2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic renews attention toward nucleic acid therapeutics. While nucleic acid therapy using unmodified DNA or RNA is the primary focus in disease treatment, there is growing need to develop nucleic acid‐based small molecules owing to their potential clinical benefits as drugs in terms of cost and scalability. While small molecules targeting protein–protein interactions are known to alter the transcriptional status of a cell, they can result in a transient effect and variation of bio‐efficacy among patients. Small molecules targeting DNA and/or RNA are in demand in the precision medicine approach as they have consistent bioactivity among patients. This review details the progress of sequence‐specific DNA‐binding pyrrole–imidazole polyamides (PIPs) in modulating the transcriptional status of target gene(s) without altering the underlying DNA sequence. Here, the different versions of PIPs are listed, and also, how conjugating them with DNA alkylating agents, epigenetic modulators, and other drugs can improve their clinical utility as targeted transcription therapeutics. Owing to their specificity, functional diversity, and limited toxicity, PIP technology holds enormous promise as frontrunner in small‐molecule‐based nucleic acid drugs to precisely regulate therapeutically important genes on demand and treat intractable diseases.
Multi‐Operating Mode Field‐Effect Transistors Based on SnO/SnS Heterostructures and CMOS‐Like Inverter Applications
Authors: Zhang Tao , Liu Yunze , Wang Fengzhi , Pan Xinhua , Ye Zhizhen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA novel SnO/SnS heterojunction grown by pulsed laser deposition for the fabrication of high‐performance transistors with changeable polarity is described in this study. It is worth noting that the operating mode of a vertical heterojunction transistor can be switched from p‐type to ambipolar to n‐type by growing SnS with a different thickness on SnO with ambipolarity. The p‐type mobility could reach 1.77 cm2 V−1 s−1 and the switching ratio could reach 1517. The ambipolar transistor shows a V‐type transfer curve with electron channel mobility and hole mobility, respectively. The cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy of the heterojunction interface reveals a high level of quality, which explains the method by which the working mode of the heterojunction changes. In addition, complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) inverters are successfully used with p‐type SnO transistors, n‐type SnO/SnS transistors, and ambipolar transistors. This work proposes a novel approach to preparing CMOS electrical components, as well as a new working mode for transistors, that are both simple and efficient.
A Multifunctional Electrolyte Additive With Solvation Structure Regulation and Electrode/Electrolyte Interface Manipulation Enabling High‐Performance Li‐Ion Batteries in Wide Temperature Range
Authors: Lan Xiwei , Yang Shanshan , Meng Tao , Zhang Chaosheng , Hu Xianluo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractImproving the tolerance of Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) to extreme temperatures and climates worldwide is vital to their global uptake. However, LIBs call for more strict requirements for the key components when operated in a wide temperature range, especially synchronously desirable interfacial kinetics and thermal stability. Here, a novel multifunctional electrolyte additive,N‐tert‐butyl‐2‐thiophenesulfonamide (NTSA), to fabricate stable LIBs under wide‐temperature conditions, is reported. The Li‐ion solvation structure in the electrolyte is regulated and involves less coordinated solvents (particularly fluoroethylene carbonate), leading to superior Li+transportation. The effective NTSA additive is preferentially decomposed to form a uniform electrode/electrolyte interface with abundant multiphase inorganic LiF, Li3N, and LiS species simultaneously on the cathode and anode surface. The resulting inorganic‐rich interface can not only boost the interfacial Li‐ion transfer kinetics at low temperatures but also protect the active material and enhance the thermal stability of the interface and LIB devices at high temperatures. By adopting the NTSA‐containing electrolyte, LiCoO2||ω‐Li3V2O5LIBs can be stably cycled in a wide temperature range between −30 °C and 80 °C, delivering a high capacity of ≈100.1 mAh g−1(0.2 A g−1) at −20 °C and high capacity retention of 94.5% after 200 cycles (0.5 A g−1) at 55 °C.
Potassium losses in runoff from cotton production fields
Authors: Daniels Mike B. , Fryer Matthew S. , Fernandes Samuel B. , Slaton Nathan A. , Sharpley Andrew N. , Webb Pearl , Riley Lee , Burke James , Berry Lawrence G. , Roberts Trenton , Robertson Bill 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPotassium (K) loss in runoff represents a potential financial concern since fertilizer‐K is routinely applied to sustain optimal crop K nutrition and yield potential. Our research objectives were to quantify and characterize the soluble‐K loss in runoff from fields used for continuous cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production while determining if the time of the year (growing season vs. nongrowing season), type of hydrological event (irrigation vs. rainfall), and cover crops influence K loss in runoff. Field‐scale, edge‐of‐field monitoring of runoff water and its soluble‐K concentration was performed on 10 site years in southeastern Arkansas across three production seasons. The mean K loss in surface runoff per event was 0.98 kg ha−1 across all sites and events (n = 304). The relationship between loss of K mass to runoff volume was positive and significantly correlated (p < 0.0001) when both variables were transformed by the natural logarithm. K loss during the growing season was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the cotton growing season whereas K loss resulting from runoff events generated by either irrigation or rainfall was not significant. Additionally, losses from fields with cover crops were significantly larger (p < −0.05) than from fields without covers. Cumulative annual‐K loss, between annual fertilizer‐K applications, averaged 32.2 kg K ha−1 across all site years representing a significant economic loss to replace the lost K with fertilizer. This study illustrates the increased risk of K losses on poorly drained soils in the Southeastern United States. Runoff‐K loss represents a significant amount of K that requires additional research on how to mitigate these losses.
Strong conservatism of floral morphology during the rapid diversification of the genus Helianthemum
Authors: Martín‐Hernanz Sara , Albaladejo Rafael G. , Lavergne Sébastien , Rubio Encarnación , Marín‐Rodulfo Macarena , Arroyo Juan , Aparicio Abelardo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPremiseDivergence of floral morphology and breeding systems are often expected to be linked to angiosperm diversification and environmental niche divergence. However, available evidence for such relationships is not generalizable due to different taxonomic, geographical and time scales. The Palearctic genus Helianthemum shows the highest diversity of the family Cistaceae in terms of breeding systems, floral traits, and environmental conditions as a result of three recent evolutionary radiations since the Late Miocene. Here, we investigated the tempo and mode of evolution of floral morphology in the genus and its link with species diversification and environmental niche divergence.MethodsWe quantified 18 floral traits from 83 taxa and applied phylogenetic comparative methods using a robust phylogenetic framework based on genotyping‐by‐sequencing data.ResultsWe found three different floral morphologies, putatively related to three different breeding systems: type I, characterized by small flowers without herkogamy and low pollen to ovule ratio; type II, represented by large flowers with approach herkogamy and intermediate pollen to ovule ratio; and type III, featured by small flowers with reverse herkogamy and the highest pollen to ovule ratio. Each morphology has been highly conserved across each radiation and has evolved independently of species diversification and ecological niche divergence.ConclusionsThe combined results of trait, niche, and species diversification ultimately recovered a pattern of potentially non‐adaptive radiations in Helianthemum and highlight the idea that evolutionary radiations can be decoupled from floral morphology evolution even in lineages that diversified in heterogeneous environments as the Mediterranean Basin.
Bacterial colonization differences between central compartment atopic disease and eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Rom Darren , Sit Andrea , Alvarado Raquel , Earls Peter , Rimmer Janet , Campbell Raewyn , Kalish Larry , Sacks Raymond , Harvey Richard J. 
Published: March 2023

Key Points
Culturable bacterial colonization is similar between type 2 CRS phenotypes
Staphylococcus aureus coinfection is similar between eosinophilic CRS and CCAD
Patients with CCAD were younger, consistent with current knowledge of the disease
Integral brain health: Cerebral/mental/social provisional definitions
Authors: Hachinski Vladimir 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBrain health matters to everyone, we all need to know what it is. The digital age, the knowledge‐based society, and expanding virtual worlds require greater cognitive capacity and mental and social resilience to function and to contribute; and yet there are no agreed definitions for brain, mental, or social health. Moreover, no definition encompasses all three or recognizes their integrated, interactive nature. Such a definition would: Help integrate relevant facts lingering behind specialized definitions and jargons. Promote a more holistic approach to patients. Create synergies among disciplines. The new definition would come in three versions: A lay, a scientific, and a customized one depending on the purpose, for example, research, education, policy, and so forth. Buttressed by evolving evidence integrated and update through a Brainpedia, they would focus attention on the greatest investment that individuals and society can make: Integral brain health: Cerebral/mental/social, in a safe, healthy, and supportive environment.
Fully Data‐Driven Time‐Delay Interferometry with Time‐Varying Delays
Authors: Baghi Quentin , Baker John G. , Slutsky Jacob , Thorpe James Ira 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRaw space‐based gravitational‐wave data like laser interferometer space antenna's (LISA) phase measurements are dominated by laser frequency noise. The standard technique to make this data usable for gravitational‐wave detection is time‐delay interferometry (TDI), which cancels laser noise terms by forming suitable combinations of delayed measurements. To do so, TDI relies on inter‐spacecraft distances and on how laser noise enters the interferometric data. The basic concepts of an alternative approach which does not rely on independent knowledge of temporal correlations in the dominant noise recently introduced. Instead, this automated principal component interferometry (aPCI) approach only assumes that one can produce some linear combinations of the temporally nearby regularly spaced phase measurements, which cancel the laser noise. Then the data is let to reveal those combinations, thus providing a set of laser‐noise‐free data channels. The authors' previous approach relies on the simplifying additional assumption that the filters which lead to the laser‐noise‐free data streams are time‐independent. In LISA, however, these filters will vary as the constellation armlengths evolve. Here, a generalization of the basic aPCI concept compatible with data dominated by a still unmodeled but slowly varying dominant noise covariance is discussed. Despite its independence on any model, aPCI successfully mitigates laser frequency noise below the other noises' level, and its sensitivity to gravitational waves is the same as the state‐of‐the‐art second‐generation TDI, up to a 2% error.
Retardation Effect and Dark State in a Waveguide QED Setup With Rectangle Cross Section
Authors: Xue Yang , Wang Zhihai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the dynamics of two two‐level atoms, which simultaneously couple to a quasi‐1D waveguide with rectangular cross section. The waveguide modes serve as environment, which induces the interaction and collective dissipation between the two distant atoms. When both of the two atoms are located in the middle of the waveguide, a retardation effect is observed, which can be broken by moving one of the atoms away from the center of the waveguide. To preserve the complete dissipation of the system via dark state mechanism, a scheme where the connection of the atoms is perpendicular to the axis of the waveguide is proposed.
Transformation of an Imine Cage to a Covalent Organic Framework Film at the Liquid–Liquid Interface
Authors: Giri Arkaprabha , Shreeraj G. , Dutta Tapas Kumar , Patra Abhijit 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) opens up a fascinating route for the construction of well‐organized supramolecular architectures, starting from organic molecular cages to crystalline macromolecular covalent organic frameworks (COFs). Herein, for the first time, we have manifested a facile room‐temperature DCC‐directed transformation of discrete organic imine cage‐to‐COF film at the liquid–liquid interface. The unfolding of the cage leading to the generation of imine intermediates, followed by their interface‐assisted preorganization and subsequent growth of the COF film, are elucidated through detailed spectroscopic and microscopic investigations. The interfacial cage‐to‐COF transformation provides a facile route for the faster fabrication of free‐standing COF films with high porosity and crystallinity, demonstrating excellent performance towards molecular sieving and high solvent permeance. Thus, the current study opens up a new route for structural interconversion between two crystalline entities with diverse dimensionality employing DCC at the confined interface.
New methodology to predict operational limit of hydrogenated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber packer element for downhole application in energy industry
Authors: Yun Jushik , Zolfaghari Alireza , Singh Viraj 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHydrogenated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) has been widely used in many products that serve as sealing components for downhole operations in the energy industry, especially downhole permanent packers. A reliable methodology needs to be developed to predict operational limits for the elastomer during various tool deployments and operations. These operational limits are mostly based on laboratory life prediction tests derived from industry standards meant for material selection or screening. However, the conventional life prediction method cannot capture the effect of size/shape/stress and adequately predict the sealing performance of an actual elastomeric component under downhole operations. To fill this gap, a lifetime prediction methodology for a downhole HNBR packer was developed based on fundamental material behavior such as viscoelasticity, hyperelasticity, chemical/physical degradation from laboratory aging tests, and finite element analysis. Thereafter, the proposed methodology was used to develop an operational limit for the downhole packer in completion brine, calcium bromide. The results showed that the proposed methodology was not limited to the size or shape of the elastomeric product and can be readily extended to develop a successful operational limit for various elastomeric components in the energy industry.
Evaluation of shellac‐polyethylene glycol as an alternative material for fabrication of fused filament fabrication 3D printing filament at low extrusion temperature
Authors: Chansatidkosol Siraprapa , Limmatvapirat Chutima , Sriamornsak Pornsak , Piriyaprasarth Suchada , Patomchaiviwat Vipaluk , Pamonsinlapatham Perayot , Chinatangkul Nawinda , Limmatvapirat Sontaya 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe lack of biopolymer filament has been recognized as a significant challenge to fused filament fabrication (FFF) or fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing. According to the restricted choice, shellac is a natural polymer of interest due to its thermoplastic property at a low temperature. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of applying shellac as a candidate biopolymer for FFF 3D printing filaments. Shellac matrices and plasticized shellac matrices of varying grades of polyethylene glycol (PEG) were prepared using hot melt processes, and their physicochemical properties and filament properties were investigated. The results showed that a shellac matrix could be easily prepared at 80°C and stayed stable for up to 12 h. The addition of PEG could improve the stability of the shellac matrix as demonstrated by a slight deviation in acid value, percent insoluble solid, and FTIR spectra after annealing for 24 h. The shellac filaments with acceptable appearance and mechanical properties were also produced at 80 ± 5°C by the incorporation of 10–20% w/w of PEG 4000 or PEG 10000. Therefore, SHL‐PEG might be a good candidate material for the fabrication of 3D printing filament, especially at low extrusion temperature.