bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Bacteriocin Extracted from Lactobacillus rhamnosus on Cutaneous Wound Healing in Mice
Authors: Nwajiobi F. O. , Anyamene C. O. , Abana C. C. 
Published: July 2023

Aim: This study evaluates the effects of bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus on cutaneous wound healing in mice.
Study Design: Randomized experimental design was employed in the study.
Methodology: Probiotic L. rhamnosus was isolated from nono milk using MRS agar media and identified based on morphological and biochemical characteristics. The potent bacterium was subjected to bacteriocin production. Antimicrobial activity of the bacteriocin was carried out against wound pathogenic bacteria and wound healing effects of the bacteriocins were assessed on mice. 2 mm cutaneous wound was induced on the mice and crude bacteriocin was topically applied on the wounds. White blood cell count was carried out after days 3, 5, 9, and 14. Histopathological analyses were performed after day 14.
Results: Crude bacteriocin was effective against wound pathogenic bacteria such as S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and E. coli. Topical application of bacteriocin showed a faster and better wound healing when compared to positive control groups in P. aeruginosa infected wound model. Histology examination revealed an increase wound healing time in L. rhamnosus bacteriocin treated mice. The crude bacteriocins demonstrated excellent wound-healing activity in skin excision albino mice model.
Conclusion: L. rhamnosus bacteriocin had various beneficial actions on wounds. It improved wound healing, inhibited wound pathogens and increase wound healing time.
Design and Optimisation of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Blades Using Biomimicry of Whale Tubercles
Authors: Yirijor John , Siaw-Mensah Nana Asabere 
Published: July 2023

Wind speed is the major factor in generating power in a wind turbine. However, due to the non-optimum and redundant design of wind turbine blades, not nearly enough wind is captured for utilization. In the present study, modifications were done on the leading edge of the HAWT blade using tubercles showing their effects on aerodynamic performances. From this research, the following results found concerning the performances of HAWT with leading-edge tubercles were that; blades with tubercles on the leading edge will have superior performance in the post-stall regime by 27%, tubercles with a smaller amplitude and lower wavelength will produce higher lift and lower drag in the low wind speed condition, and tubercle blade will have a stable and smooth performance in varying wind speed conditions, producing higher torque and power at low wind speed. Using a small wind turbine model, SolidWorks Motion Analysis Simulation was used for dynamic modeling to evaluate and determine the force and torque of the mechanical structure. These results were compared and examined using standard wind turbine blades which showed an improvement of 30% in efficiency.
Sex- and Age-Based Disparities in Public Access Defibrillation, Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, and Neurological Outcome in Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Ishii Masanobu , Tsujita Kenichi , Seki Tomohisa , Okada Masafumi , Kubota Kazumi , Matsushita Kenichi , Kaikita Koichi , Yonemoto Naohiro , Tahara Yoshio , Ikeda Takanori ,   Japanese Circulation Society with Resuscitation Science Study (JCS-ReSS) Investigators
Published: July 2023

ImportanceYounger females with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in public locations have less likelihood to receive public access defibrillation and bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). However, the association between age- and sex-based disparities and neurological outcomes remains underexamined.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between sex and age and the rate of receiving bystander CPR, automated external defibrillator defibrillation, and neurological outcomes in patients with OHCA.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used the All-Japan Utstein Registry, a prospective, population-based, nationwide database in Japan containing data on 1 930 273 patients with OHCA between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2020. The cohort comprised patients with OHCA of cardiac origin that was witnessed by citizens and treated by emergency medical service personnel. The data were analyzed from September 3, 2022, to May 5, 2023.ExposureSex and age.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was favorable neurological outcome at 30 days after an OHCA. Favorable neurological outcome was defined as a Cerebral Performance Category score of 1 (indicating good cerebral performance) or 2 (indicating moderate cerebral disability). The secondary outcomes were the rates of receiving public access defibrillation and bystander CPR.ResultsThe 354 409 included patients who experienced bystander-witnessed OHCA of cardiac origin had a median (IQR) age of 78 (67-86) years and 136 520 were females (38.5%). The rate of receiving public access defibrillation was higher in males than females (3.2% vs 1.5%; P &amp;lt; .001). Stratified by age, age- and sex-based disparities in prehospital lifesaving interventions by bystanders and in neurological outcomes were observed. Although younger females had a lower rate of receiving public access defibrillation and bystander CPR than males, younger females had a higher favorable neurological outcome compared with males of the same age (odds ratio [OR], 1.19; 95% CI, 1.08-1.31). In younger females with OHCA that was witnessed by nonfamily bystanders, receiving public access defibrillation (OR, 3.51; 95% CI, 2.34-5.27) or bystander CPR (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.20-2.22) was associated with a favorable neurological outcome.Conclusions and RelevanceResults of this study suggest a pattern of significant sex- and age-based differences in bystander CPR, public access defibrillation, and neurological outcomes in Japan. Improvement in neurological outcomes in patients with OHCA, especially younger females, was associated with increased use of public access defibrillation and bystander CPR.
Marketing and US Food and Drug Administration Clearance of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Enabled Software in and as Medical Devices
Authors: Clark Phoebe , Kim Jayne , Aphinyanaphongs Yindalon 
Published: July 2023

ImportanceThe marketing of health care devices enabled for use with artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) is regulated in the US by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which is responsible for approving and regulating medical devices. Currently, there are no uniform guidelines set by the FDA to regulate AI- or ML-enabled medical devices, and discrepancies between FDA-approved indications for use and device marketing require articulation.ObjectiveTo explore any discrepancy between marketing and 510(k) clearance of AI- or ML-enabled medical devices.Evidence ReviewThis systematic review was a manually conducted survey of 510(k) approval summaries and accompanying marketing materials of devices approved between November 2021 and March 2022, conducted between March and November 2022, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline. Analysis focused on the prevalence of discrepancies between marketing and certification material for AI/ML enabled medical devices.FindingsA total of 119 FDA 510(k) clearance summaries were analyzed in tandem with their respective marketing materials. The devices were taxonomized into 3 individual categories of adherent, contentious, and discrepant devices. A total of 15 devices (12.61%) were considered discrepant, 8 devices (6.72%) were considered contentious, and 96 devices (84.03%) were consistent between marketing and FDA 510(k) clearance summaries. Most devices were from the radiological approval committees (75 devices [82.35%]), with 62 of these devices (82.67%) adherent, 3 (4.00%) contentious, and 10 (13.33%) discrepant; followed by the cardiovascular device approval committee (23 devices [19.33%]), with 19 of these devices (82.61%) considered adherent, 2 contentious (8.70%) and 2 discrepant (8.70%). The difference between these 3 categories in cardiovascular and radiological devices was statistically significant (P &amp;lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this systematic review, low adherence rates within committees were observed most often in committees with few AI- or ML-enabled devices. and discrepancies between clearance documentation and marketing material were present in one-fifth of devices surveyed.
Incarceration of Youths in an Adult Correctional Facility and Risk of Premature Death
Authors: Silver Ian A. , Semenza Daniel C. , Nedelec Joseph L. 
Published: July 2023

ImportanceYouths incarcerated in adult correctional facilities are exposed to a variety of adverse circumstances that could diminish psychological and physical health, potentially leading to early mortality.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether being incarcerated in an adult correctional facility as a youth was associated with mortality between 18 and 39 years of age.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study relied on longitudinal data collected from 1997 to 2019 as part of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth–1997, a nationally representative sample of 8984 individuals born in the United States between January 1, 1980, and December 1, 1984. The data analyzed for the current study were derived from annual interviews between 1997 and 2011 and interviews every other year from 2013 to 2019 (19 interviews in total). Participants were limited to respondents aged 17 years or younger during the 1997 interview and alive during their 18th birthday (8951 individuals; &amp;gt;99% of the original sample). Statistical analysis was performed from November 2022 to May 2023.InterventionIncarceration in an adult correctional facility before the age of 18 years compared with being arrested before the age of 18 years or never arrested or incarcerated before the age of 18 years.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome for the study was age at mortality between 18 and 39 years of age.ResultsThe sample of 8951 individuals included 4582 male participants (51%), 61 American Indian or Alaska Native participants (1%), 157 Asian participants (2%), 2438 Black participants (27%), 1895 Hispanic participants (21%), 1065 participants of other race (12%), and 5233 White participants (59%). A total of 225 participants (3%) died during the study period, with a mean (SD) age at death of 27.7 (5.9) years. Incarceration in an adult correctional facility before the age of 18 years was associated with an increased risk of earlier mortality between 18 and 39 years of age compared with individuals who were never arrested or incarcerated before the age of 18 years (time ratio, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.47-0.95). Being arrested before the age of 18 years was associated with an increased risk of earlier mortality between 18 and 39 years of age when compared with individuals who were never arrested or incarcerated before the age of 18 years (time ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.73-0.93).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of 8951 youths, the survival model suggested that being incarcerated in an adult correctional facility may be associated with an increased risk of early mortality between 18 and 39 years of age.
Cannabis Use Disorder and Perioperative Complications
Authors: Potnuru Paul P. , Jonna Srikar , Williams George W. 
Published: July 2023

ImportanceCannabis use is growing in the US and is increasingly perceived as harmless. However, the perioperative impact of cannabis use remains uncertain.ObjectiveTo assess whether cannabis use disorder is associated with increased morbidity and mortality after major elective, inpatient, noncardiac surgery.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective, population-based, matched cohort study used data from the National Inpatient Sample for adult patients aged 18 to 65 years who underwent major elective inpatient surgery (including cholecystectomy, colectomy, inguinal hernia repair, femoral hernia repair, mastectomy, lumpectomy, hip arthroplasty, knee arthroplasty, hysterectomy, spinal fusion, and vertebral discectomy) from January 2016 to December 2019. Data were analyzed from February to August 2022.ExposureCannabis use disorder, as defined by the presence of specific International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) diagnostic codes.Main Outcome and MeasuresThe primary composite outcome was in-hospital mortality and 7 major perioperative complications (myocardial ischemia, acute kidney injury, stroke, respiratory failure, venous thromboembolism, hospital-acquired infection, and surgical procedure–related complications) based on ICD-10 discharge diagnosis codes. Propensity score matching was performed to create a 1:1 matched cohort that was well balanced with respect to covariates, which included patient comorbidities, sociodemographic factors, and procedure type.ResultsAmong 12 422 hospitalizations, a cohort of 6211 patients with cannabis use disorder (median age, 53 years [IQR, 44-59 years]; 3498 [56.32%] male) were matched with 6211 patients without cannabis use disorder for analysis. Cannabis use disorder was associated with an increased risk of perioperative morbidity and mortality compared with hospitalizations without cannabis use disorder in adjusted analysis (adjusted odds ratio, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.04-1.37; P = .01). The outcome occurred more frequently in the group with cannabis use disorder (480 [7.73%]) compared with the unexposed group (408 [6.57%]).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, cannabis use disorder was associated with a modest increased risk of perioperative morbidity and mortality after major elective, inpatient, noncardiac surgery. In the context of increasing cannabis use rates, our findings support preoperative screening for cannabis use disorder as a component of perioperative risk stratification. However, further research is needed to quantify the perioperative impact of cannabis use by route and dosage and to inform recommendations for preoperative cannabis cessation.
A generalized proportional‐integral observer for fault detection: An approximate input disturbance decoupling approach
Authors: Hu Yuxiang , Dai Xuewu , Cui Dongliang , Jia Zhian , Liu Qiang , Zhou Ping 
Published: July 2023

SummaryThis article proposes a generalized PI observer with approximate disturbance decoupling (ADD‐GPIO) for detecting incipient actuator faults of a system subject to periodic input disturbances. Robustness to disturbances and sensitivity to faults is achieved through dynamic configuration of the disturbance transmission zeros and pole‐optimization respectively. By incorporating the ‐gap metric with index, a novel interpretable fault sensitivity optimization objective function is proposed. It is the first time in the fault detection observer design that the difference between the transfer function matrices (TFMs) relating fault detection residual to the disturbances and faults is quantified by the proposed ‐gap metric, which allows a more differentiated treatment of the disturbance and fault signals for better fault detection. Then, the optimal design of the ADD‐GPIO is modeled as a mixed‐integer optimization problem and the Lagrangian relaxation is adopted to find the near‐optimal parameters of the ADD‐GPIO at less computation costs in real application. Finally, both simulation and lab experiments of a two‐wheeled self‐balancing robot are carried out to validate the improved performance of the proposed method.
Structure‐Performance Relationship of Aromatic Polymer Binder for Silicon Anode in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Kim Junho , Kim Gyuri , Park You Kyung , Lim Gayoung , Kim Seung Tae , Jung In Hwan , Kim Hansu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPolymer binders are essential for Silicon (Si) anode‐based lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, the synthetic guidance for aromatic polymer binder is relatively less explored compared to aliphatic polymer binders. In this study, polyimide‐based aromatic polymer binders are developed that have strong binding affinity with Si particles, a conductive agent and copper (Cu) current collector, and they show an improved initial discharge capacity of 2663 mAh g−1, which is 29% higher than that of Kapton‐based one (2071 mAh g−1). The copolymerization between “hard” and “soft” segments is crucial to achieve reversible volume expansion/contraction during the repeated charging/discharging process, resulting in the best cycle performance. The new binder ensures both excellent volume retention after full‐delithiation and allowed volume expansion at least to some extent upon full‐lithiation. This Study finds a power‐law relationship between the capacity of Si anode and the mechanical properties of the binder, i.e., the tensile stress (σ) and strain (ɛ). The initial discharge capacity is proportional to σn · ɛ (n = 2.3–2.7). Such an understanding of the relationships between polymer structure, mechanical properties of the polymer and binder performance clearly revealed the importance of the soft‐hard polymer structure for aromatic binders used in Si‐based high‐capacity lithium storage materials.
High Q‐Factor and Low Threshold Continuous‐Wave Near‐Infrared Lasing with Quasi‐2D Perovskites
Authors: Gu Lianghui , Li Mengmeng , Lai Jingya , Qian Dongmin , Wen Kaichuan , Xu Lei , Wang Gang , Guan Shuzhen , Zhang Yuyang , Huang Xinyu , Zhao Jingjing , Xing Guichuan , Wang Nana , Zhu Lin , Peng Qiming , Huang Wei , Wang Jianpu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractQuasi‐2D perovskites have shown great potential in achieving solution‐processed electrically pumped laser diodes due to their multiple‐quantum‐well structure, which induces a carrier cascade process that can significantly enhance population inversion. However, continuous‐wave (CW) optically pumped lasing has yet to be achieved with near‐infrared (NIR) quasi‐2D perovskites due to the challenges in obtaining high‐quality quasi‐2D films with suitable phase distribution and morphology. This study regulates the crystallization of a NIR quasi‐2D perovskite ((NMA)2FAn−1PbnI3n+1) using an 18‐crown‐6 additive, resulting in a compact and smooth film with a largely improved carrier cascade efficiency. The amplified spontaneous emission threshold of the film is reduced from 47.2 to 35.9 µJ cm−2. Furthermore, by combining the film with a high‐quality distributed feedback grating, this study successfully realizes a CW NIR laser of 809 nm at 110 K, with a high Q‐factor of 4794 and a low threshold of 911.6 W cm−2. These findings provide an important foundation for achieving electrically pumped laser diodes based on the unique quasi‐2D perovskites.
Surface Control and Electrical Tuning of MXene Electrode for Flexible Self‐Powered Human–Machine Interaction
Authors: Cai Xu , Xiao Yu , Zhang Bingwen , Yang Yanhui , Wang Jun , Chen Huamin , Shen Guozhen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMXene materials emerge as promising candidates for energy harvesting and storage application. In this study, the effect of the surface chemistry on the work function of MXenes, which determines the performance of MXene‐based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), is elucidated. First‐principles calculations reveal that the surface functional group greatly influences MXene work function: OH termination reduces the work function with respect to that of bare surface, while F and Cl increase it. Then, work functions are experimentally determined by Kelvin probe force microscopy. The MXene prepared by gentle etching at 40 °C for 48 h (GE40/48) has the largest work function. Furthermore, an electron‐cloud potential‐well model is established to explain the mechanism of electron emission‐dominated charge transfer and assemble a triboelectric device to verify experimentally its conclusions. It is found that GE40/48 has the best performance with a 281 V open‐circuit voltage, 9.7 µA short‐current current, and storing 1.019 µC of charge, which is consistent with the model. Last, a patterned TENG is demonstrated for self‐powered human–machine interaction application. This finding enhances the understanding of the inherent mechanism between the surface structure and the output performance of MXene‐based TENG, which can be applied to other TENG based on 2D materials.
A Multiscale Strategy for Constructing Finned Microporous Superhydrophobic Surface for Highly‐Efficient Condensation Heat Transfer Enhancement Enabled by Lifespan Regulation of Droplets
Authors: Zhang Yu‐Chen , Zhang Tian‐Yu , Fan Li‐Wu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSpontaneous droplet jumping on micro‐/nano‐structured superhydrophobic surfaces has been exploited as an efficient means for enhancing steam condensation heat transfer. However, the good performance of such surfaces quickly decays with raising the degree of subcooling, due to the mismatch between the characteristic length scales and droplet sizes when they grow up. Herein, a novel strategy for multiscale droplet regulation is proposed by combining sub‐millimeter fin structure with a hierarchical microporous superhydrophobic surface. A superior condensation heat transfer performance is attained on such hierarchical superhydrophobic finned tube (F‐SHB), in comparison to the baseline case of superhydrophobic non‐finned (SHB) tube under well‐controlled test conditions. Although the droplet jumping is not as vigorous as that on the SHB tube, the finned geometry of the F‐SHB tube leads to a condensation heat transfer enhancement even under high degrees of subcooling up to 36 K, because of the accelerated departure of large droplets by imposing Laplace force gradient in the presence of V‐shaped sub‐millimeter fins. This multiscale enhancement strategy is shown to enable a cascading regulation over the entire lifespan of condensate droplets. The fabrication of F‐SHB tubes is facile and easy to be scaled up, showing great potential in practical steam condensation applications.
De Novo Design of Aggregation‐Induced Emission Luminogen for Three‐Photon Fluorescence Imaging of Subcortical Structures Excited at Both NIR‐III and NIR‐IV Windows
Authors: Tong Shen , Xu Weilin , Zhong Jincheng , Kang Miaomiao , Chen Xinlin , Zhang Yingxian , Huang Jie , Li Zhenhui , Zhang Chi , Gao Zhiang , Xie Weixin , Qiu Ping , Zhang Zhijun , Wang Dong , Wang Ke 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThree‐photon fluorescence (3PF) imaging excited at 1700 nm window is an enabling technology for visualizing deep brain structures and dynamics. Recently, the 2200 nm window has emerged as the longest excitation window suitable for deep‐brain 3PF imaging. Bright fluorescent probes lay the material basis for deep‐brain 3PF imaging. Among various fluorescent probes, aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) have great potential in 3PF imaging excited at the 1700 nm window in vivo. However, to the best of knowledge, there is no AIEgens applicable to 3PF imaging excited at both the 1700 and 2200 nm windows. To readily fill this gap, here this study designs and synthesizes a novel AIEgen, namely TPE‐DPTT‐ICP, which generates bright 3PF signals excited at both 1700 and 2200 nm. The accordingly fabricated TPE‐DPTT‐ICP nanoparticles (NPs) possess excellent water dispersibility, colloidal stability, biocompatibility, photostability and large 3P action cross section, key to in vivo imaging. In mouse brain in vivo, TPE‐DPTT‐ICP NPs enable deep‐brain 3PF imaging of subcortical structures excited at both the two windows, reaching depths of 1640 and 880 µm below the brain surface, respectively. TPE‐DPTT‐ICP NPs are thus a versatile material simultaneously catering to the need at two infrared optical windows with deep tissue penetration.