bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A General Method for Obtaining Degenerate Solutions to the Dirac and Weyl Equations and a Discussion on the Experimental Detection of Degenerate States
Authors: Tsigaridas Georgios N. , Kechriniotis Aristides I. , Tsonos Christos A. , Delibasis Konstantinos K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this work, a general method is described for obtaining degenerate solutions of the Dirac equation, corresponding to an infinite number of electromagnetic 4‐potentials and fields, which are explicitly calculated. More specifically, using four arbitrary real functions, one can automatically construct a spinor that satisfies the Dirac equation for an infinite number of electromagnetic 4‐potentials, defined by those functions. An interesting characteristic of these solutions is that, in the case of Dirac particles with nonzero mass, the degenerate spinors should be localized, both in space and time. The method is also extended to the cases of massless Dirac and Weyl particles, where the localization of the spinors is no longer required. Finally, two experimental methods are proposed for detecting the presence of degenerate states.
Electrochemical‐Mediated Regenerable FeII Active Sites for Efficient Uranium Extraction at Ultra‐Low Cell Voltage
Authors: Wang Yanyong , Wang Yanjing , Song Minglei , Chen Siping , Wei Jianrong , You Jie , Zhou Bo , Wang Shuangyin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNano‐reduced iron (NRI) is a promising uranium adsorbent due to its strong reducibility and good selectivity, but it still faces the challenges of slow kinetics, limited and non‐renewable active sites. In this work, we realized high efficiency uranium extraction under ultra‐low cell voltage (−0.1 V) in seawater with 20 ppm UO2(NO3)2 solution by coupling electrochemical mediated FeII/FeIII redox and uranium extraction. The adsorption capacity and extraction efficiency of NRI after electrochemical uranium extraction (EUE) could reach 452 mg/g and 99.1 %, respectively. Combined with quasi‐operando/operando characterization technologies, we clarified the mechanism of EUE and revealed that continuously regenerating FeII active sites by electroreduction could significantly enhance the property of EUE. This work here provides a new electrochemical mediated and low energy consumption uranium extraction strategy which also provides a reference for other metal resource recovery.
Mimicking Photosynthesis: A Natural Z‐Scheme Photocatalyst Constructed from Red Mud Bauxite Waste for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Yu Xuelian , Xu Jian , Wang Jiangpeng , Qiu Jinyu , An Xiaoqiang , Wang Zhuan , Lv Guocheng , Liao Libing , Ye Jinhua 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAll‐solid‐state Z‐Scheme photocatalysts have attracted significant attention due to their great potential for solar fuel production. However, delicately coupling two individual semiconductors with a charge shuttle by a material strategy remains a challenge. Herein, we demonstrate a new protocol of natural Z‐Scheme heterostructures by strategically engineering the component and interfacial structure of red mud bauxite waste. Advanced characterizations elucidated that the hydrogen‐induced formation of metallic Fe enabled the effective Z‐Scheme electron transfer from γ‐Fe2O3 to TiO2, leading to the significantly boosted spatial separation of photo‐generated carriers for overall water splitting. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first Z‐Scheme heterojunction based on natural minerals for solar fuel production. Thus our work provides a new avenue toward the utilization of natural minerals for advanced catalysis applications.
Understanding Electrochemical Reaction Mechanisms of Sulfur in All‐Solid‐State Batteries through Operando and Theoretical Studies **
Authors: Cao Daxian , Sun Xiao , Li Fei , Bak Seong‐Min , Ji Tongtai , Geiwitz Michael , Burch Kenneth S. , Du Yonghua , Yang Guochun , Zhu Hongli 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDue to its outstanding safety and high energy density, all‐solid‐state lithium‐sulfur batteries (ASLSBs) are considered as a potential future energy storage technology. The electrochemical reaction pathway in ASLSBs with inorganic solid‐state electrolytes is different from Li‐S batteries with liquid electrolytes, but the mechanism remains unclear. By combining operando Raman spectroscopy and ex situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, we investigated the reaction mechanism of sulfur (S8) in ASLSBs. Our results revealed that no Li2S8, Li2S6, and Li2S4 were formed, yet Li2S2 was detected. Furthermore, first‐principles structural calculations were employed to disclose the formation energy of solid state Li2Sn (1≤n≤8), in which Li2S2 was a metastable phase, consistent with experimental observations. Meanwhile, partial S8 and Li2S2 remained at the full lithiation stage, suggesting incomplete reaction due to sluggish reaction kinetics in ASLSBs.
Catalyst Control over Threefold Stereogenicity: Selective Synthesis of Atropisomeric Sulfones with Stereogenic C−S Axes
Authors: Schmidt Tanno A. , Schumann Stephan , Ostertag Andreas , Sparr Christof 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCatalyst control over higher‐order stereogenicity addresses significantly extended stereochemical space, but selective methods to govern threefold stereogenic units remained elusive. Herein, we report the stereoselective synthesis of threefold stereogenic triptycyl sulfones with atropisomerism arising from a C(sp3)−S bond. An oxidation of a stereodynamic thioether controlled by a chiral phosphoric acid catalyst allowed selective access to enantioenriched triptycyl sulfoxides. The ensuing enantiospecific and diastereoselective catalytic oxidation to a threefold stereogenic sulfone provided overall control over the stereogenic C−S axis. All three stereoisomers were addressable with enantio‐ and diastereodivergence and a stereoselectivity of up to (−sc): (+sc) : (ap)=94 : 6 :<1.
Targeting the Dark Lipid Kinase PIP4K2C with a Potent and Selective Binder and Degrader
Authors: Teng Mingxing , Jiang Jie , Wang Eric S. , Geng Qixiang , Toenjes Sean T. , Donovan Katherine A. , Mageed Nada , Yue Hong , Nowak Radosław P. , Wang Jinhua , Manz Theresa D. , Fischer Eric S. , Cantley Lewis C. , Gray Nathanael S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPhosphatidylinositol 5‐phosphate 4‐kinase, type II, gamma (PIP4K2C) remains a poorly understood lipid kinase with minimal enzymatic activity but potential scaffolding roles in immune modulation and autophagy‐dependent catabolism. Achieving potent and selective agents for PIP4K2C while sparing other lipid and non‐lipid kinases has been challenging. Here, we report the discovery of the highly potent PIP4K2C binder TMX‐4102, which shows exclusive binding selectivity for PIP4K2C. Furthermore, we elaborated the PIP4K2C binder into TMX‐4153, a bivalent degrader capable of rapidly and selectively degrading endogenous PIP4K2C. Collectively, our work demonstrates that PIP4K2C is a tractable and degradable target, and that TMX‐4102 and TMX‐4153 are useful leads to further interrogate the biological roles and therapeutic potential of PIP4K2C.
Sustainable and mechanically robust epoxy resins derived from chitosan and tung oil with proton conductivity
Authors: Song Hong , Liu Chaofan , Gui Daxiang , Sha Ye , Song Qingping , Jia Puyou , Gao Jiangang , Lin Ying 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe development of sustainable and functional epoxy resins from renewable biomass is gaining increasing attention. Herein, renewable and mechanically strong epoxy resins from chitosan and tung oil that possess proton conduction properties are developed. Firstly, tung oil‐based epoxy monomers and chitosan based chain transfer agent were prepared. Then, a “grafting from” reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization was carried out on chitosan using epoxy monomers toward elastic graft copolymer, which combined rigid backbone and flexible side chains in one macromolecule. After being cured with citric acid (catalyst‐free), a biomass‐based epoxy resins with dual network structure can be obtained. The thermal and mechanical properties of these epoxy resins could be tuned through controlling the content of cross‐linkers. Moreover, the chitosan bearing abundant amino groups not only enhanced strength of the epoxy resins, but also endowed them with proton conductivity. Overall, the epoxy resins exhibited high tensile strength and comparable proton conduction, which provides a new paradigm to design green functional materials for potential applications.
Study on self‐healing gel plugging agent based on non‐covalent bonding interaction for drilling fluid
Authors: Qu Yuanzhi , Zhou Xinyu , Ren Han , Yuan YueHui , Zhang Wenchao , Yang Gang , Zhang Xianfa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDuring drilling in deep formations, it is challenging to form an effective plug to avoid borehole collapse under high temperatures and pressures. In order to simultaneously improve the high‐temperature resistance and interparticle interaction capability of traditional plugging agents, a new gel plugging agent (PCAA) with self‐healing capability was developed using chitosan, acrylamide, and acrylic acid. The rheological properties of the PCAA indicate that all monomers of PCAA are essential components to improve the performance of the plugging agent. Each monomer has a unique capability, such as acrylamide playing a dominant role in the construction of the gel network, acrylic acid enhancing the gel structure, and chitosan improving the gel adhesion. PCAA can be stretched to 8.8 times prolonged, and its tensile stresses and self‐healing rate in 16 h are 17.2 kPa and 78.5%, respectively. Under the extreme conditions of 180°C and 8% NaCl, PCAA still performs well in preventing drilling fluid from invading the sand layer due to its self‐healing and plugging effects. In addition, the interaction of PCAA and clay improves the stability, rheological properties, and filtration reduction of drilling fluids at high temperatures. The developed PCAA has been successfully applied to the field with extreme conditions, providing insights into plugging agent design.
A well‐preserved cranium from the Judith River Formation (Montana, USA) reveals the inner ear and neuroanatomy of a Campanian baenid turtle
Authors: Smith Heather F. , Berg Madison , Adrian Brent 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA cranium belonging to a baenid turtle was recently recovered from the lower half of the Judith River Formation, Montana. Badlands Dinosaur Museum (BDM) 004 is a well‐preserved partial cranium that includes the posterior cranial vault, cranial base, and otic capsules. Based on diagnostic characters, the skull can be attributed to Plesiobaena antiqua, which has been previously reported from the Judith River Formation. It also shares with palatobaenines projecting posterior processes of the tubercula basioccipitale and a prominent condylus occipitalis with a deep central pit, demonstrating variation within the Pl. antiqua hypodigm. In a phylogenetic analysis, an operational taxonomic unit of BDM 004 was positioned within Baenodda in an unresolved polytomy with Pl. antiqua, Edowa zuniensis, Palatobaeninae, and Eubaeninae. Microcomputed tomographic (μCT) scans revealed morphology of the middle and inner ear and endocast that are largely unknown in baenids. Semicircular canals of BDM 004 are virtually identical to those of Eubaena cephalica and consistent in dimensions to those of other turtle taxa, including anterior and posterior semicircular canals that are robust and taller than the common crus and diverge from each other at an angle of approximately 90°. The digital endocast reveals a moderately flexed brain with rounded cerebral hemispheres and minimal separation between the metencephalon and myelencephalon. Its well‐preserved columella auris (stapes) is gracile with a posterodorsally flared basis columella. It arcs across the middle ear and flattens near its terminus. This study adds to the understanding of baenid middle and inner ear and neuroanatomical morphology and expands the morphological understanding of Pl. antiqua.
Label‐free quantitative mass spectrometry analysis of the circadian proteome of Drosophila melanogaster lethal giant larvae mutants reveals potential therapeutic effects of melatonin
Authors: Wong Kar‐Cheng , Jayapalan Jaime J. , Subramanian Perumal , Ismail Mohd Nazri , Abdul‐Rahman Puteri S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMutation in the Drosophila melanogaster lethal giant larvae (lgl), a tumor suppressor gene with a well‐established role in cellular polarity, is known to results in massive cellular proliferation and neoplastic outgrowths. Although the tumorigenic properties of lgl mutant have been previously studied, however, little is known about its consequences on the proteome. In this study, mass spectrometry‐based label‐free quantitative proteomics was employed to investigate the changes in the head and intestinal tissues proteins of Drosophila melanogaster, due to lgl mutation and following treatment with melatonin. Additionally, to uncover the time‐influenced variations in the proteome during tumorigenesis and melatonin treatment, the rhythmic expression of proteins was also investigated at 6‐h intervals within 24‐h clock. Together, the present study has identified 434 proteins of altered expressions (p < 0.05 and fold change ±1.5) in the tissues of flies in response to lgl mutation as well as posttreatment with melatonin. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of differentially expressed proteins revealed that lgl mutation had significantly affected the biological functions, including metabolism, and protein synthesis and degradation, in flies' tissues. Besides, melatonin had beneficially mitigated the deleterious effects of lgl mutation by reversing the alterations in protein expression closer to baseline levels. Further, changes in protein expression in the tissues due to lgl mutation and melatonin treatment were found rhythmically orchestrated. Together, these findings provide novel insight into the pathways involved in lgl‐induced tumorigenesis as well as demonstrated the efficacy of melatonin as a potential anticancer agent. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD033191.
Archaeology of powerful stones in the Australia‐Pacific region: an Introduction
Authors: Wright Duncan , Clark Geoffrey , Thomas E. Jaydeyn , Wickman Sam Juparulla , Darvill Timothy 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTOver millennia, and right across the globe, people have invested time and energy to create cultural landscapes that revolve around or incorporate powerful stones. Questions about the structured nature, distribution, source, or placement of stones (both within physical and meta‐physical worlds), pose intriguing theoretical and methodological challenges. Emic and etic perspectives may provide additional insights into the complex (often animate) nature of the stone, the purpose of which varied radically between communities. In this special number of Archaeology in Oceania we explore some of the ways in which First Nations and non‐Indigenous archaeologists address these potent features and objects, across widely varying chrono‐cultural contexts in the Australia–Pacific region.
Effects of the individual three‐dimensional printed craniofacial bones with a quick response code on the skull spatial knowledge of undergraduate medical students
Authors: Yang Mao‐Yi , Tseng Hsien‐Chun , Liu Chiung‐Hui , Tsai Shao‐Yu , Chen Jyun‐Hsiung , Chu Yin‐Hung , Li Shao‐Ti , Lee Jian‐Jr , Liao Wen‐Chieh 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the three‐dimensional (3D) structure of the human skull is imperative for medical courses. However, medical students are overwhelmed by the spatial complexity of the skull. Separated polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bone models have advantages as learning tools, but they are fragile and expensive. This study aimed to reconstruct 3D‐printed skull bone models (3D‐PSBs) using polylactic acid (PLA) with anatomical characteristics for spatial recognition of the skull. Student responses to 3D‐PSB application were investigated through a questionnaire and tests to understand the requirement of these models as a learning tool. The students were randomly divided into 3D‐PSB (n = 63) and skull (n = 67) groups to analyze pre‐ and post‐test scores. Their knowledge was improved, with the gain scores of the 3D‐PSB group (50.0 ± 3.0) higher than that of the skull group (37.3 ± 5.2). Most students agreed that using 3D‐PSBs with quick response codes could improve immediate feedback on teaching (88%; 4.41 ± 0.75), while 85.9% of the students agreed that individual 3D‐PSBs clarified the structures hidden within the skull (4.41 ± 0.75). The ball drop test revealed that the mechanical strength of the cement/PLA model was significantly greater than that of the cement or PLA model. The prices of the PVC, cement, and cement/PLA models were 234, 1.9, and 10 times higher than that of the 3D‐PSB model, respectively. These findings imply that low‐cost 3D‐PSB models could revolutionize skull anatomical education by incorporating digital technologies like the QR system into the anatomical teaching repertoire.
Easily readable? Examining the readability of lay summaries published in Autism Research
Authors: Wen Ju , He Sike , Yi Lan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCommunicating science to the general public could sometimes be problematic partly because the language used in scientific writing was difficult to understand for people outside the scientific community. Against this backdrop, lay summaries were introduced to the research community. Lay summaries are short, non‐technical summaries of scientific articles that are aimed at a lay audience. Despite the increasing attention on the roles that lay summaries play in scientific communication, it remains unclear whether they are comprehensible to the lay audience. To address the foregoing concerns, this study examines the readability of lay summaries published in Autism Research. It was found that lay summaries were more readable than traditional abstracts but were not easy enough to read for the lay audience. Possible explanations for these findings are discussed.
Assessing the social validity of telehealth‐based applied behavior analysis services for autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Nohelty Karen , Hahs Adam D. , Rodriguez Kristine A. , Rue Hanna , Cameron Michael J. , Dixon Dennis R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, applied behavior analysis services for many autistic individuals were transitioned to telehealth. The current study assessed caregiver‐reported quality of life (QoL) and social validity for families of autistic children receiving only telehealth services (n = 96) or a combination of telehealth and in‐person services (n = 173). Barriers to the telehealth experience were analyzed via an ANOVA, and the impact of funding source was analyzed using an independent samples t‐test. Caregivers reported benefit across QoL and social validity items, with scores ranging from 3.31 to 4.44 (1 = least benefit, 5 = most benefit). While many caregivers reported no barriers regarding technology (44.61%), childcare (69.52%), and employment (64.68%), the presence of those barriers significantly impacted QoL and social validity scores. Funding source was not found to have a significant impact. Overall, caregivers found value in their child's telehealth services. Clinicians have an obligation to mitigate barriers to ensure the success of the intervention.
Synthesis, characterization, antibacterial activity, and molecular docking of novel dicyanodihydrofuran‐based push–pull fluorophores
Authors: Alsaeedi Huda 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNovel push–pull fluorescent molecules based on dicyanodihydrofuran that had marked molar extinction coefficients were created and described. The fluorophores were synthesized using the Knoevenagel condensation in arid pyridine at room temperature and acetic acid as a catalytic agent. In addition, a condensation reaction was performed for the activated methyl‐containing dicyanodihydrofuran with a 3° amine‐containing aromatic aldehyde. The molecular structures for the synthesized fluorophores were determined using various spectral techniques such as 1H or 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, and C, H, N analysis. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) absorption and emission spectra of the prepared fluorophores revealed a high extinction coefficient, which was monitored to be affected by the type of the aryl (phenyl and thiophene)–vinyl bridge in conjugation with the 3° amine donor moiety. The substituents bonded to the tertiary amine, aryl, and alkyl groups, were found to affect the maximum absorbance wavelength. In addition, the synthesized dicyanodihydrofuran analogues were investigated to determine their antimicrobial effectiveness. Derivatives 2b, 4a, and 4b showed reasonable activity towards Gram‐positive(+ve) bacteria rather than Gram‐negative(−ve) bacteria relative to an amoxicillin drug reference. In addition, a molecular docking stimulation was performed to explore the binding interactions (PDB code: 1LNZ).
Utilizing programming traces to explore and model the dimensions of novices' code‐writing skill
Authors: Zhang Yingbin , Paquette Luc , Pinto Juan D. , Fan Aysa Xuemo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStudies have found that most novice programmers have low proficiency in writing code. However, it is unclear what subskills compose code writing and which subskills novice programmers struggle with. This study utilizes programming traces to identify latent subskills that constitute code writing so that teachers can offer specific instruction on the weak subskills. Data were collected from an undergraduate course teaching introductory computer science in Java. Six hundred and fourteen students made submissions to homework programming questions in a web‐based learning system. Based on the submission traces, we computed 11 features related to correctness and time students spent on their submissions. We conducted an exploratory factor analysis on two‐thirds of students selected randomly and identified four factors. The first factor, code style proficiency, was mainly related to code style errors. The second, syntactic proficiency, concerned compiler errors. The third is semantic proficiency, which concerns runtime and logic errors. The fourth, syntactic debugging proficiency, concerned the success rate and time required for fixing compiler and code style errors. A confirmatory factor analysis conducted on the remaining one‐third of the data supported the four‐factor structure. The factor model showed measurement invariance between the data set where the model was developed and two new datasets, one from the same sample but collected at a different time point and another from a different sample and context (onsite course vs. online course). The factors were related to prior programming abilities, programming language familiarity, and future exam performance. These associations provided validity evidence for the factor model.