bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiment and simulation of electron density distribution in discharge plasma at hypersonic speed
Authors: Liu Xin , Zhang Jia , Luo Cheng , Dang Mengjia , Lin Mengjiao , Zhang Pengfei 
Published: September 2023

Pulsed discharge can generate high density and high dynamic plasma, which has promising application prospects in the field of stealth technology for high-speed aircraft. To study the evolution process of pulsed discharge plasma jet in a hypersonic flow field, the pulsed discharge experiment was performed in a hypersonic wind tunnel with 8 M in this paper. The plasma evolution process and electron density were measured by a high-speed schlieren device and spectrum acquisition system. A shock wave appeared after the blast wave generated by the discharge interacted with the external flow field. In the region below the shock wave, the plasma jet flowed downstream and produced a plasma layer. The electron density of the jet increases with the injected energy, and the peak density reaches 5.28 × 1015 cm−3. Due to the limitations of experimental measurements, based on the Navier–Stokes equations and the air dissociation and ionization model, including 11 components and 20 chemical reactions, a simulation for the experimental process was performed. At the injected energy of 495 and 880 mJ, the difference between the simulated electron density and the experimental value is 16.09% and 15.34%, respectively. The thickness of the plasma layer initially increases and then decreases over time, with higher injected energy leading to a thicker layer. Specifically, when 880 mJ of energy is injected, the plasma layer can reach a maximum thickness of 6.69 cm. The collision frequency fluctuates around 1 GHz, and the collision frequency at the upper edge of the plasma layer is large.
Environmental consequences of a consumer shift from dairy- to soy-based products
Authors: Simmons Aaron T. , Brandão Miguel , Ritchie Zita , Roth Guy 
Published: September 2023

Context Climate change and water scarcity are global challenges facing humanity. Animal agriculture generates considerable greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and consumes large volumes of water from rivers, streams and lakes. Reducing consumption of animal agricultural products with a relatively high carbon or water footprint, such as dairy, is often promoted as a mechanism to reduce the environmental impacts of food production. Attributionally-based footprints do not, however, assess the consequences of a change in demand for a product. Aims This study aimed to assess the water and climate change consequences of replacing NSW dairy production, and co-products of dairy production, with plant-based alternatives. Methods Process-based consequential life cycle assessment was used. Key results Water savings associated with the change would be limited and GHG emissions reductions would be ~86% of that as estimated by the carbon footprint of production. When NSW dairy production was replaced with soy-based alternatives and two GHG emissions reduction strategies were implemented across the industry, namely enteric methane inhibitors and flaring methane from effluent ponds, GHG emissions increased by 0.63 Mt carbon dioxide equivalent when dairy production was replaced. Conclusions The environmental benefits associated with replacing NSW dairy production with plant-based alternatives should not be determined by attributionally-based approaches. Implications Policies that aim to reduce the environmental impacts of agricultural production need to consider the market effects of a change in demand for products and not rely on estimated impacts of current production.
The pragmatic and rhetorical function of perfect doubling in the work of D. V. Coornhert
Authors: van de Poppe Cora , Wall Joanna 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The Early Modern Dutch writer D. V. Coornhert (1522–1590) was an influential figure in the key religious and
linguistic developments of his times. Bringing together these two facets and combining both a linguistic (pragmatics/discourse
studies and semantics) and a literary studies (rhetoric) approach, this intra-author variation study examines Coornhert’s use of
have-doubling constructions (e.g., have had written) alongside simple perfects (e.g.,
have written). At the macro-level, we show that have-doubling was restricted to Coornhert’s
argumentative and predominantly moral – theological prose. At the micro-level, we then firstly link Coornhert’s
have-doubling to the well-studied double perfect of modern German which has been proposed to signal the
absence of current relevance and have emphasis functions. Secondly, connecting these observations with the pragmatics of verb –
tense variation, this article proposes that have-doubling parallels the historical present in functioning as a
stance marker/evaluative device in Coornhert’s moral – theological prose.
Engaging lower proficiency learners of Spanish in collaborative writing tasks
Authors: Payant Caroline , Reagan Derek 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study examines the influence of task complexity on collaborative dialogue and written texts with lower proficiency learners of Spanish. English-speaking students of Spanish from two intact classrooms (N = 24) were assigned to a simple or a complex writing group. In dyads, learners completed two information-exchange tasks that differed in complexity and produced two collaborative texts, on two separate days. Interactions produced during the writing tasks were transcribed and coded for collaborative dialogue, operationalized as language-related episodes. Written texts were rated holistically for originality, engageability, and quality. Results show that collaborative dialogue about lexis was most frequent, regardless of the task complexity. Further, increases in task complexity appeared to have influenced opportunities for collaborative dialogue and for the production of more engaging texts. Results are discussed in light of current scholarship on collaborative writing and insights are offered on the value of implementing writing tasks with lower proficiency learners.
Variations in opening and closing forms in email correspondence in Danish
and Swedish
Authors: Thode Hougaard Tina , Skafte Jensen Eva , Rathje Marianne , White Jonathan , Wide Camilla 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this study, we investigate how differences and
similarities in opening and closing greetings in professional emails in
academia manifest themselves in Danish and Swedish. Our data consist of a
corpus of 595 emails (primary data) and two surveys with 1836 respondents
(supportive data). An important result is that cultural values, e.g., ideals
of equality, in both language areas are expressed through similar linguistic
means, but that due to different historical developments, the specific
encoding is not identical. Another result is that there is a much larger
variety in closing greetings than in opening greetings in both languages,
which can be derived from the communication situation where openings and
closings and the elements within these serve different purposes.
Address forms in academic discourse in Indian English
Authors: Larina Tatiana , Suryanarayan Neelakshi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the impact of culture and identity
on discursive practices. It focuses on the use of address forms by Indian
bilinguals (speakers of Indian English and Hindi) in a university setting.
Our aims are to define the set of address forms used in an academic setting
by Indian bilinguals and to find socio-cognitive reasons for their choice in
different contexts. The data were collected through open-ended
questionnaires supplemented by observations, and interviews. Our results
show a strong impact of the cultural background of Indian speakers of
English on forms of address and their usage and demonstrate exceptional
linguistic creativity of Indian bilinguals in inventing hybrid terms
combining English and Hindi. We attempt to explain our findings by using an
interdisciplinary approach drawing on contrastive analysis, discourse
analysis, politeness theory, translanguaging and cultural studies. Our
findings provide evidence of the convergence of English and Hindi which
results in Indianisation of English in the Indian context.
Forms of address in courtroom discourse in Englishes of the “Inner Circle”
Authors: Ozyumenko Vladimir I. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Being a pluricentric language, English exists in
different varieties that have their culture-specific features at all levels
of language and its functioning. This study focuses on legal English and
explores forms of address and terms of reference to judges of different
levels in the Englishes of the “inner circle” (Kachru 1988: 5) in a courtroom setting. The data
were taken from legal documents, dictionaries, British and American corpora,
some secondary sources and were studied within the framework of comparative
semantic, pragmatic, discourse and cultural analysis. The findings show (1)
noticeable variations in forms of address and reference to judges and their
functioning; (2) excessive hierarchy and formality in British English, and
more democratic patterns of addressing judges in other varieties. The study
gives new data illustrating that lexical and discursive variability observed
in the legal sphere contributes to the formation of language varieties and
can be considered among their constituent elements.
Mathematical modeling and analysis of monkeypox 2022 outbreak with the environment effects using a Cpauto fractional derivative
Authors: Li Changtong , Samreen  , Ullah Saif , Nawaz Rashid , AlQahtani Salman A , Li Shuo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Monkeypox is a serious global challenge to human health after the COVID-19 pandemic. Although this infection is not new, still many variations have been noticed in its epidemiology. Numerous approaches have been applied to analyze the dynamics of this infection. In this study, we present a mathematical model to study various epidemiological aspects of monkeypox. Transmission from human to animal, human to human, and through the environment (surface) are considered while formulating the proposed model. The model is constructed based on a classical system of seven nonlinear differential equations. Further, the classical epidemic model is reconstructed using the standard Caputo derivative to examine the dynamical aspects of monkeypox disease in the presence of memory effects. Initially, the necessary mathematical properties of the fractional model are carried out. The model exhibits three equilibrium points: monkeypox-free equilibrium, infected animal-free endemic equilibrium, and coexistence equilibrium. Additionally, we give a thorough theoretical analysis that considers solution positivity and stability results of equilibriums of the Caputo monkeypox model. Furthermore, the parameters of the proposed model are estimated using the nonlinear least square method from the reported cases of monkeypox in the United States in a recent outbreak in 2022. Finally, the numerical solution of the model is carried out using the well-known Adams-Bashforth-Moulton scheme and simulation is performed to explore the role of memory index and various preventing measures on the disease incidence.
Physically meaningful parameters of viscoelastic models based on the general functional form of the transfer functions
Authors: Suda Makoto , Nagahama Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Viscoelastic models aim to characterize material properties by extracting the parameters that best describe observed deformations. However, due to the equivalence of various model structures, the conventional model parameters as constants assigned to each model element cannot be uniquely determined for a given deformation and, therefore, are unfit to represent material properties. To resolve this problem, we formulate the framework of viscoelastic models based on their transfer functions. We explicitly derive the functional form of the transfer functions of viscoelastic models and show that a set of parameters is uniquely determined for each equivalent set of viscoelastic models. The newly identified parameters correspond to the instantaneous modulus and the distribution of the characteristic time scales of the system, and based on this perspective, we show that the differentiation order of a fractional viscoelastic element, spring-pot, is determined solely by the recursive nature of the characteristic time scales of the system. Furthermore, we show that all viscoelastic models are equivalent to four canonical model structures.
Structural properties and hydrogen evolution reactions of predicted two-dimensional V
n
C
n
(n = 2, 3, 6) with first-principles calculations
Authors: Xue Bo , Xing Haowen , Zhao Wenxiu , Xie Jiawei , Zeng Qingfeng , Yu Shuyin , Su Kehe 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Developing stable, conductive and effective nonprecious hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts is critical to the future of the hydrogen economy. The possible structures of the two dimensional V
n
C
n
were searched with the evolutionary algorithm associated with the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. V
n
C
n
(n = 2, 3, 6) were found stable and the structures were refined with the DFT-PBE approaches at higher computational accuracies. Their thermal, dynamical and mechanical stabilities were confirmed theoretically with the same method. The electronic and the HER catalytic properties of these structures were investigated. All the structures exhibit metallicity, which is favorable to support adsorbing hydrogen atoms and transferring charges during HER. The Gibbs free energy of HER reactions support that the 2D V
n
C
n
(n = 3, 6) possess the catalytic ability of HER.
Integrated programmable controlled phase gate design for quantum information processing
Authors: Başay Yalın , Kocaman Serdar 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
An integrated programmable controlled-phase (CPHASE) gate has been proposed for quantum information processing applications. This gate can introduce arbitrary phase difference to the target qubit in the case of the control qubit being in the state of |1〉. As the desired phase difference can be utilized after fabrication, unlike the conventional controlled-phase gates that provide hard-coded phase shift, such an integrated gate is expected to pave the way for more versatile operations of current integrated optical circuits as well as possible new applications.
Riccati equations of opposite torsions from the Lie-Darboux method for spatial curves and possible applications
Authors: Lemus-Basilio Paola , Rosu Haret C 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A novel formulation of the Lie-Darboux method of obtaining the Riccati equations for the spatial curves in Euclidean three-dimensional space is presented. It leads to two Riccati equations that differ by the sign of torsion. The case of cylindrical helices is used as an illustrative example. Possible applications in Physics are suggested.
Exact solutions and dynamic properties of the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation with law of four powers of nonlinearity
Authors: Li Fan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we analyze the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation with law of four powers of nonlinearity by using the complete discrimination system for polynomial method and establish the exact solutions of this equation. As the model is visualised under specific parameters, we give two-dimensional diagrams of the exact solutions to demonstrate the existence of the solutions. In addition, we also establish the dynamic properties of the equation and give the Hamiltonian and topological properties of the equation.
An efficient scheme for solving nonlinear generalized kuramoto-sivashinksy processes
Authors: Mahmood Bewar A , Tahir Shko A , Jwamer Karwan H F 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this work, we investigate the numerical solution of generalized Kuramoto-Sivashinksy (GKS) problems based on the collocation of the quantic B-spline (QBS) and high-order strong stability-preserving Runge–Kutta (SSPRK54) scheme. When considering nonlinear parts that lose real features, we address the issue without resorting to any transformations or linearization. The efficiency and accuracy of our proposed technique are evaluated using a variety of illustrative examples. The numerical results show that our approach captured the natural behaviour of the problems well and consumed less storage space.
Finding relative negative ions concentration in dc glow discharges during undergraduate laboratory work
Authors: Lisovskiy V , Dudin S , Yegorenkov V 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we present a laboratory work implementing a simple method for finding the relative concentration of negative ions in the plasma of a contracted positive column of DC glow discharge. With this method, university students can study processes in gas discharge plasmas in technological gases during their undergraduate laboratory work. The method is based on measuring the positive column radius after the glow discharge transition from a diffuse to a contracted mode. The basics of the physical processes in electronegative plasma and conditions of the positive column contraction are discussed in the paper as well as the practical implementation of the proposed technique. We describe our experimental setup and conditions, and present the experimental data illustrating the method capabilities. Values of the relative concentration of negative ions found with the offered method reasonably agree with other authors’ data obtained by widely accepted diagnostic techniques.
A metasurface-based direct-reading linear polarization analyzer
Authors: Feng Junlang , Shou Haijun , Lv Huanchang , Zhang Jingwei , Mei Zhonglei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Polarization state is one of the fundamental properties of electromagnetic (EM) wave, which has been widely investigated in fields of information encryption, remote sensing and multifunctional devices etc The existing methods for polarization detection are generally based on the measurement of Stokes parameters or the amplitude and phase difference between orthogonal components or polarization-dependent imaging. However, they generally requires post-possessing process to identify the polarization state or suffer from the shortcomings of limited detection states, which results in less intuitiveness and limited practical values of those methods. Here, we proposed a metasurface-based and direct-reading linear polarization analyzer, which could reveal the polarization angle of linearly incident plane wave in imaging way by utilizing geometric phase effect. Different linear polarization angles lead to the different positions of the brightest spot, and the polarization state of incident wave could be directly read out by comparing the position of the brightest spot and the index of reference spots above. Besides, this method could be generalized to simplify the process of detecting arbitrary polarization states, with which only the intensity ratio between orthogonal circularly polarized components needs to be measured. Moreover, a digital linear polarization analyzer is designed based on the similar method, which helps to reveal the linear polarization angle digitally and is much more straightforward for linear polarization detection. The proposed direct-reading linear polarization analyzer has the potential of being applied in fields of smart sensing and the development of human-computer interaction system etc.
General fluctuation-dissipation relations embedded in Markov switching diffusion processes
Authors: Wang Jiazeng , Ma Shu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We present an integral theory for the fluctuation-dissipation relations embedded in Markov switching diffusion processes, which mimic the fluctuations induced simultaneously by noise originating from different time-scale levels. The formulas for the extended Einstein’s relation in terms of second-order moments, as well as the auto and cross spectra are derived. Several universal properties for two types of fluctuations are proved: The thermally induced one remains globally constant for isothermal systems and its spectrum is Lorentzian; the fluctuation induced by the switching noise has distinctive scaling laws that are embedded in the auto and cross spectra.
AC magnetic trap for cold paramagnetic molecules
Authors: Li Shengqiang , Lin Jing , Zhang Nannan , Chen Xue 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Strong-field-seeking states are the lowest-energy configurations for paramagnetic molecules in the magnetic field. Molecules in strong-field-seeking states cannot be trapped in a magnetostatic field because a magnetostatic maximum in free space is not allowed. In this paper, we propose an AC magnetic trap composed of two pairs of Helmholtz coils. The spatial magnetic field distribution is numerically calculated and the time-sequential control is depicted. We investigate the influence of the switching frequency and the electric current in the coils on the performance of our trap. Variations of the location and phase-space distribution during a whole switching cycle are simulated. Finally, we study the impact of time during which the field is switched off on the number of captured molecules in a switching cycle.
Real-time low latency estimation of brain rhythms with deep neural networks
Authors: Semenkov Ilia , Fedosov Nikita , Makarov Ilya , Ossadtchi Alexei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective. Neurofeedback and brain-computer interfacing technology open the exciting opportunity for establishing interactive closed-loop real-time communication with the human brain. This requires interpreting brain’s rhythmic activity and generating timely feedback to the brain. Lower delay between neuronal events and the appropriate feedback increases the efficacy of such interaction. Novel more efficient approaches capable of tracking brain rhythm’s phase and envelope are needed for scenarios that entail instantaneous interaction with the brain circuits. Approach. Isolating narrow-band signals incurs fundamental delays. To some extent they can be compensated using forecasting models. Given the high quality of modern time series forecasting neural networks we explored their utility for low-latency extraction of brain rhythm parameters. We tested five neural networks with conceptually distinct architectures in forecasting synthetic EEG rhythms. The strongest architecture was then trained to simultaneously filter and forecast EEG data. We compared it against the state-of-the-art techniques using synthetic and real data from 25 subjects. Main results. The temporal convolutional network (TCN) remained the strongest forecasting model that achieved in the majority of testing scenarios

>

90% rhythm’s envelope correlation with

<

10 ms effective delay and

<

20

∘

circular standard deviation of phase estimates. It also remained stable enough to noise level perturbations. Trained to filter and predict the TCN outperformed the cFIR, the Kalman filter based state-space estimation technique and remained on par with the larger Conv-TasNet architecture. Significance. Here we have for the first time demonstrated the utility of the neural network approach for low-latency narrow-band filtering of brain activity signals. Our proposed approach coupled with efficient implementation enhances the effectiveness of brain-state dependent paradigms across various applications. Moreover, our framework for forecasting EEG signals holds promise for investigating the predictability of brain activity, providing valuable insights into the fundamental questions surrounding the functional organization and hierarchical information processing properties of the brain.