bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative evaluation of hemoglobin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and differential leukocyte count
Authors: Thavithavakar D. , Melath Anil , Subair K. , Arjun M. R. , Rabees K. P. , Prakash N. 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Anemia is defined as the deficiency in the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood either due to reduced hemoglobin %(Hb%) or reduced Red Blood Corpuscles (RBC) count. currently the association of anemia in periodontitis patients and the possible etiology cited for decreased blood counts was the downregulation of erythropoiesis in the bone marrow by proinflammatory cytokines released due to periodontal disease.

Aims and Objectives:
To evaluate the relation between anemia and periodontitis by estimation of blood parameters and to assess whether periodontitis like other inflammatory conditions can lead to anemia. It is a randomized controlled clinical trial.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 30 subjects who visited the Department of periodontics, Mahe Institute of dental science and hospitals was included in the study and divided into three groups. A total of 10 healthy controls, 10 chronic generalized gingivitis, and 10 chronic generalized periodontitis patients were selected among the Kerala population. Hemoglobin levels (Hb), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), Differential leukocyte count, gingival index, OHIS index, and probing depth were recorded.

Results:
The results revealed a decrease in Hb and erythrocyte counts and an increase in white blood corpuscle counts in chronic generalized periodontitis compared to healthy controls and chronic generalized gingivitis group.

Conclusions:
The treatment of periodontitis can improve hematocrit and other related blood parameters in chronic generalized periodontitis patients with anemia. This provides evidence that periodontitis like other chronic diseases may also cause anemia.
Evaluation of Prescription Writing Skills of Medical Professional Practicing in Varanasi City: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Kusumakar Ananta , Kumar P. G. Naveen , Khairnar Mahesh Ravindra , Sabharwal Harloveen , Akram Zainab 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
Prescription writing is an integral part of medical profession. Incorrect prescription writing may lead to errors in instructions about the identity of the recipient, the identity of the drug, the formulation, dose, route, timing, frequency, and duration of administration. Hence, the present survey was undertaken to assess the prescription writing skills of doctors practicing in Varanasi city.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional observational study, and 700 prescriptions dispensed by various doctors were collected for 7 consecutive days from 15 randomly selected pharmacy shops. Collected prescriptions were assessed for patient’s information, doctor’s information, and their legibility using predefined criteria by a calibrated examiner.

Results:
All the collected prescriptions lacked one or more aspects of patient’s or doctor’s details. About 46.2% of prescriptions lacked details about one or more drugs.

Conclusion:
Regarding the legibility of the prescription, it requires awareness programs for doctors to improve the quality of prescriptions. Changes in the registration system can be helpful in preventing errors in the details of the patients and doctors.
Congenital Craniofacial Anomalies amongst Neonates at Major Government Hospital in Bengaluru: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Suresh T. , Patel Zulekha 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:
Craniofacial anomalies (CFAs) are a manifold group of malformations in the growth of the head and face. Congenital anomalies are the major cause for pregnancy termination, infant mortality as well as childhood morbidity. The occurrence of congenital CFAs in the Indian population remains unlashed.

Objectives:
The objective of the study is to assess the frequency of incidence and types of CFAs and also their association with maternal risk factors.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted on the mothers/babies delivered for 60 days at Vanivilas Hospital, Bengaluru. The anomalies were broadly classified as major and minor, further by structure as cranial, oral, nasal, auricular, and ocular. Data were analyzed to determine the association of these anomalies with mother’s age, gestational age, gender, and weight of the baby.

Results:
Out of 2251 deliveries, 158 were dead of which 12 (7.6%) had major CFAs. About 0.8% of major anomalies and 3.0% of minor anomalies occurred. The most common major craniofacial anomaly observed was anencephaly. In minor anomalies, anomalies of the oral cavity included gingival cyst, tongue-tie, epulis, and natal teeth. Mothers with age >35 years and gestational age <37 weeks had higher risk for major CFAs.

Conclusions:
This study provides baseline information for future prevention and better management of patients likely to have babies with congenital major and minor CFAs.
Comparative Evaluation of Audio-Visual and Verbal Education on Oral Health Status of Diabetes Mellitus Patients Attending a Hospital in Moradabad
Authors: Jain Ankita , Tangade Pradeep , Singh Vikas , Yadav Priyanka , Yadav Jagriti 
Published: June 2023

Aim:
This study aims to compare audio-visual and verbal education on the Oral Health status of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Patients attending a Hospital in Moradabad.

Materials and Methods:
The current longitudinal interventional study was conducted to check the efficiency of audio-visual and verbal education on the Oral Health status of DM Patients attending a Hospital in Moradabad, U. P., India. The World Health Organization Oral Health Pro forma 1997 was used to collect information regarding the Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs of the DM patients. After collecting the initial baseline data, the sample was divided into two groups verbal education group (n = 1030) and audio-visual education group (n = 1030). Then, oral health education (OHE) was provided verbally to Group I patients and OHE with audio-visual aids was given to Group II patients visiting Teerthanker Mahaveer Hospital. OHE was repeated after each 2 months. At every 6, 12, and 18 months, clinical examination was repeated to evaluate the effectiveness of OHE. Inspection will be conducted under natural daylight on Hospital premises.

Results:
A total of 1926 patients attended all the follow-up and review examination. Subject dropout for Group I was 2% with 1009 at 6th month; 3% with 978 at 12th month; and 1% with 967 at 18th month. The subject dropout rate for Group II was 3% with 999 at 6th month; 0% with 999 at 12th month; and 4% with 959 at 18th month. The difference in subject dropout among the groups was not statistically significant (P = 0.23). After 18 months, the number of Type I and Type II DM patients with bleeding, calculus, and pockets was further reduced to 115, 114, and 29, respectively in verbal education group while it reduced to 96, 89, and 16, respectively, in audio-visual education group. The result was found to be statistically significant. At the end of 18 months, the number of Type I and Type II DM patients with decayed teeth were reduced to 486 in verbal education group while it was reduced to 421 in audio-visual education group. The result was found to be statistically significant.

Conclusion:
A main part of oral disease prevention is done by use of personal oral hygiene measures and maintaining oral hygiene. It is the duty of dental professionals to motivate, demonstrate and instruct patients to maintain appropriate oral health and oral hygiene.
Tobacco use in Kurnool – A Perspective using Global Adult Tobacco Survey Questionnaire
Authors: Gunjapalli Manjunath , Shulamithi Pandi Sudarshan 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Tobacco is a commonly used addictive substance which is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In India, tobacco is used in the form of smoking and smokeless tobacco. The diverse demographics of tobacco use, monitoring, raising awareness, and control policies are effective in halting the tobacco epidemic. In order to obtain these various data, the present study was undertaken with an aim to assess tobacco use among the people of Kurnool, India.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted which was a household interview-based survey. The study consists of demographic details such as age, education, occupation, and Global Adult Tobacco Survey questionnaire which consist of 20 questions on the usage and type of smoke and smokeless tobacco, second-hand smoke, cessation, anti-cigarette advertising, and economics. A total sample of 950 participants were included which was collected through cluster sampling method in Kurnool district. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. Descriptive statistics including frequency and percentages were calculated.

Results:
The study comprised 656 (69.1%) males and 294 (30.9%) females. The prevalence of tobacco smokers and smokeless tobacco were 163 (17.2%) and 46 (4.8%), respectively. A greater percentage of subjects who smoke inside the home daily and weekly were observed among male subjects and 15–30 years of age group.

Conclusion:
The prevalence was high among tobacco smokers compared to smokeless tobacco users. Furthermore, tobacco usage in the form of smoking and smokeless tobacco, which made quit attempt were observed more among male subjects, 41–50 years of age group, illiterates, and unskilled workers.
Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs among School Children of Urban, Rural and Tribal Communities in Mahabubnagar District, Telangana. A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Penigalapati Sivaram , Ramachandruni Nimeshika , Srikanth E. , Setty Srikanth Thammi , Chukkala Sumalatha , Reddy Kola Srikanth 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Oral health is an essential component of overall health and well-being. It affects general health, quality of life, including self-esteem, learning, employment, ability to masticate speak, and other routine activities in a child.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to assess the oral health status and treatment needs among children of urban, rural, and tribal communities in Mahabubnagar district, Telangana state.

Materials and Methods:
A descriptive study was conducted among 2144 urban, rural, and tribal children residing in Mahabubnagar district. Multi-stage simple random sampling was done to obtain the sample size. An intra-oral examination was performed by a single calibrated examiner to assess the Oral health status using WHO, proforma 1997.

Statistical Analysis:
Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 16 (IBM, India); Pearson Chi-square test was performed to compare qualitative data and to find the statistical significance. Chi-square and Kruskal wallis test was used where applicable when comparing dental caries severity among study population based on age,sex and region. The level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.005.

Results:
The prevalence dental caries in urban, rural, and tribal regions was found to be 73.12%, 72.47%, and 78.46%, respectively, with an overall prevalence of dental caries 74.76%. The P value came out to be 0.016 (<0.05) which was statistically significant indicating the differed prevalence of dental caries location wise.

Conclusion:
The present study showed that the dental caries was more in rural areas followed by urban and tribal areas. The prevalence of dental caries was 74.76% and the treatment needs was 42%.
Impact of Oral Health Literacy on the Quality of Life among Adult Population of Ghaziabad District – A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Das Dipshikha , Menon Ipseeta , Gupta Ritu , Arora Vikram , Ashraf Asifa , Ahsan Iram 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:
Oral health literacy (OHL) represents far more than a healthy mouth, a pleasing smile, and freedom from pain and infection which contributes positively to self-esteem leading to a healthy oral health outcome.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to assess the OHL level and its impact on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among the adult population visiting the outpatient department of a hospital in Ghaziabad district.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Ghaziabad district. A total of 300 study subjects aged above 18 years visiting the outpatient department of the hospital were included in the study. OHL level was assessed with the help of a bilingually adapted Hindi OHL tool, and the OHRQoL was assessed using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 scale.

Results:
The mean age of the study subjects was 43.9 ± 14.36 years. Majority (150, 50%) of the study subjects had inadequate OHL level followed by marginal OHL level which was seen among 90 (30%) subjects and 60 (20%) subjects had adequate OHL level. OHL level was slightly higher among females as compared to male subjects although the results were not statistically significant. A highly statistically significant negative correlation was found among OHL scores and OHRQoL scores of any individual.

Conclusion:
This study concluded that raising OHL scores can have a significant impact on OHRQoL of any individual.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Irrigation with 4.8% Bromelain Extract against Porphyromonas gingivalis in the Periodontal Pockets: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Yavagal Puja C. , Velangi Chandrabhaga S. , Lakshminarayan Nagesh , Nadar Bhuwaneshwari Gangadharamurthy 
Published: June 2023

Background and Objective:
Bromelain, extracted from pineapple, is one of the best-known plant proteases. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of Porphyromonas
gingivalis
in vitro. The study’s objective was to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial effect of subgingival irrigation with 0.2% chlorhexidine and 4.8% bromelain extract on P. gingivalis levels in the periodontal pockets.

Methodology:
A randomized controlled clinical trial with a parallel-group design was conducted involving 24 adults with a periodontal pocket of 5 mm or more depth, who were randomly allocated to the two interventional groups. In each individual, the pocket of the selected tooth was irrigated with 3 ml of interventional irrigants (0.2% chlorhexidine and 4.8% bromelain extract) once, 24 h after supragingival scaling. The baseline subgingival sample was collected using paper points before irrigation, and the second sample was collected on the 7th day after irrigation. Real-time polymerase chain reaction quantitative microbial analysis was done. The Mann–Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were employed for statistical analysis.

Results:
There was a significant postirrigation reduction in the level of P. gingivalis counts within Group A (P = 0.002) and Group B (P = 0.002). On intergroup comparison, a statistically significant (P = 0.05) higher reduction in the level of P. gingivalis counts was observed in the chlorhexidine group (35.40 × 105 ± 34.71 × 105 CFU) compared to the bromelain group (36.20 × 105 ± 29.75 × 105 CFU).

Conclusion:
Periodontal pocket irrigation with 4.8% bromelain resulted in a clinically significant reduction of P. gingivalis counts.
Oral Hygiene Knowledge and Practices among Rural and Urban Pregnant Women Attending Obstetrics and Gynecology Department in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
Authors: Singh Deepika , Prakash Bharti 
Published: June 2023

Context:
During pregnancy, poor oral hygiene practices and inadequate attention toward their oral health have an impact on the developing of the fetus and significant adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Aims:
The study aimed to assess the oral hygiene knowledge and practices among rural and urban pregnant women attending obstetrics and gynecology department in a tertiary care hospital of Ajmer, Rajasthan, India.

Settings and Design:
This study was a cross-sectional study. A total of 400 samples were selected by convenience sampling technique.

Subjects and Methods:
A questionnaire containing 12 questions related to knowledge and practices pertaining to the oral health of pregnant women, along with sociodemographic data.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Data obtained from this questionnaire were collected and analyzed using the SPSS Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.

Results:
A majority of respondents (74%) of urban areas had good oral hygiene status and of rural areas only (44.50%) had good oral hygiene. Awareness of the connection between pregnancy and oral health among the urban participants was 7.5%, whereas only 4.5% of rural participants were aware of the same. Oral hygiene practice was found to be relatively fair in urban participants compared to rural participants. Dental visits were seen to be higher in urban participants.

Conclusion:
This study revealed that the knowledge of pregnant women of the rural group about the association of oral hygiene knowledge and practices was poor. Oral hygiene knowledge and practices were significantly associated with education and socioeconomic status. Therefore, pregnant women need to be educated and made aware in both urban and rural areas of oral hygiene knowledge and practices toward oral health to improve adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Investigating the influence of periodontal disease on the association between complex multimorbidity and health: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Alqahtani Hussam M , Koroukian Siran M , Stange Kurt C , Schiltz Nicholas K , Bissada Nabil F 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Aims and Objectives:
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether periodontal disease (PD) moderates the association between complex multimorbidity (MM) and fair/poor general health in a US representative sample of older individuals.

Materials and Methods:
This study identified 937 participants who were at least 60 years of age from the 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between complex MM (including chronic conditions, functional limitations, and geriatric syndromes) and self-reported fair/poor general health. Subsequently, we specified interactions between complex MM and PD to determine whether PD moderates the effect of complex MM on fair/poor general health.

Results:
Nineteen percent of participants reported fair/poor general health. Complex MM was associated with 2.2 times greater odds of self-reported fair/poor health. However, PD was neither independently associated with fair/poor health nor an effect modifier for the association between complex MM and fair/poor general health. Age, white race, those with at least a high-school education level, a family income-to-poverty ratio of at least 2, former smoking status, and being married were significantly associated with fair/poor general health.

Conclusion:
Complex MM, but not PD, was associated with greater odds to report fair/poor general health, and PD did not moderate the association between complex MM and fair/poor general health. People with complex MM are more likely to have worse general health; however, PD did not strengthen this association. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether treatment for PD for people vulnerable to the development of complex MM has a positive effect on their general health.
Efficacy of occlusal splints and low-level laser therapy on the mandibular range of motion in subjects with temporomandibular joint disc displacement with reduction
Authors: Emam Abdel-Naser M , Abdel-Gawwad Esmail Ahmed , Baiomy Abdel Aziz Abdullah , Farhat Mostafa Yassin , Atito Ehap , Helal Mohamed Ahmed 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Aims and Objectives:
The study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of four conservative therapeutic modalities on the mandibular range of motion (MRM) in subjects with anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDwR) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).

Materials and Methods:
One hundred patients (64 women and 36 men) were selected, and randomly distributed into four groups. Group I: Subjects receiving behavioral therapy (BT). Group II: Subjects receiving low-level laser therapy (LLLT). Group III: Subjects receiving maxillary anterior repositioning splint (MARS). Group IV: Subjects receiving stabilization splint (SS). The MRM was evaluated for each patient before treatment and after 6 months. Paired t test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were used for statistical analysis followed by a post hoc Tukey test (P ≤ 0.05).

Results:
All groups showed significant improvement in MRM after 6 months of treatment (P ≤ 0.05) except for BT. There was a significant improvement for SS and MARS on the different movements of MRM, more than for LLLT and BT (P ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion:
The MARS and the SS are effective in increasing the MRM for patients with ADDwR.
Identification of potential molecular mechanisms and prognostic markers for oral squamous cell carcinoma: A bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Chujan Suthipong , Kitkumthorn Nakarin , Satayavivad Jutamaad 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Aims and Objectives:
The goal of this study was to uncover crucial biochemical pathways, prognostic indicators, and therapeutic targets in patients with oral cancer in order to enhance therapy strategies.

Materials and Methods:
Five gene expression omnibus datasets were analyzed by using bioinformatics approaches to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). To determine biological alterations, gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analyses were implied using the identified DEGs. Hub genes were determined using protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and an interactome was constructed using NetworkAnalyst. Furthermore, five hub genes were evaluated for use as prognostic markers by using the human protein atlas (HPA) and the GEPIA2.0 database. In addition, the correlations between hub-gene expression and immune cell infiltration of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tumors were analyzed using the tumor immune estimation resource (TIMER) database.

Results:
A total of 2071 upregulated genes and 1893 downregulated genes were identified. GO and pathway analysis showed DEGs were enriched in multiple immune response terms and interaction of inflammatory cytokines. From the PPI network, five hub genes were identified that have a crucial role in OSCC. These included interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4), chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7), TNF receptor superfamily member 17 (TNFRSF17), CD27, and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 4 (S1PR4), which were predicted to be favorable prognostic markers for OSCC using HPA. Overall survival analysis revealed that low expression of the five hub genes was significantly associated with worse overall survival. Our analysis of tumor-associated immune infiltration revealed that increased IRF4 expression was positively correlated with the gene expression profiles suggestive of infiltration of all immune cell types, whereas increased CCR7 expression was negatively correlated with neutrophil infiltration. Increased expression of CD27, S1PR4, and TNFRSF17 was found to be negatively correlated with dendritic cell, M0 macrophage, and neutrophil infiltration.

Conclusion:
In summary, inflammation, and the immune response play an important role in OSCC. All five hub genes were good predictors of OSCC prognosis, suggesting that they could be used as potential therapeutic targets and tumor markers.