bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postrelease Mortality of Angled Tarpon in Puerto Rico
Authors: Horowitz Laura B. , Allen Peter J. , Neal J. Wesley , Correa Sandra B. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Tarpon Megalops atlanticus is a popular and economically important inshore sport fish in Puerto Rico, and the pursuit of this species by local anglers and tourists contributes to the economy. This species is managed as a no-take fishery, which aims to preserve populations by catching and releasing fish that would otherwise be subjected to harvest and removal from the population. The approach assumes minimal mortality and/or reduced fitness of released fish, yet the process of angling can produce many sublethal side effects or direct mortality. In this study, charter angling for Tarpon in the San Juan lagoon system in Puerto Rico was examined to determine postrelease mortality. Angled fish were externally tagged with acoustic transmitters and relocated periodically to determine the fate after release. Postrelease mortality was at least 4.5% (two fish observed dead) and at most 18.2% (observed dead plus classified dead based on lack of movement; confidence interval [CI] = 7.5–28.9%). Some tag loss was observed, which could have artificially elevated classified mortality estimates. Potential factors that contribute to mortality are discussed and compared to the literature. Hook type, gear action, landing procedures, and air exposure were key areas of possible improvement. Recommendations to minimize fish harm during angling include the use of heavier action gear to reduce fight time, a circle hook requirement for live bait to reduce deep hooking, maintaining fish in the water during landing and photography, and limiting air exposure to 2 min or less if fish are removed from the water.
Minimally Invasive Collection of Biometric Data Including Maturation Stage on European Eel Using Photography
Authors: Höhne Leander , Pohlmann Jan-Dag , Freese Marko 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In response to the severe decline of the European Eel Anguilla anguilla stock in recent decades, various data frameworks and research efforts toward improved management rely on the availability of site-specific biometric data. At the same time, scientists are obligated to minimize the negative effects (stress, harm, and sacrifice) of their samplings on individuals and the population without compromising data quality. In-field methods for biometric measurements must be quick, precise, and practical for the user. Essential information that is typically required in (large-scale) eel monitoring programs includes body length, mass, sex, and maturation stage. As live eels are difficult to handle, individuals are typically anesthetized or killed (and sometimes stored frozen to postpone measurements) to obtain the necessary biometrics. The primary purpose of this paper was to explore the suitability of a nonlethal method based on photography for obtaining essential biometrics and maturation stage from live European Eels A. anguilla in a timely manner. In addition, we evaluated the relative accuracy of measuring the parameters that are necessary for assessing maturation stages in eels after defrosting and examined the necessity of correcting for potential shrinkage of eyes and pectoral fin. Both procedures were compared against a standard reference of measurements from freshly killed eels. We found that the minimally invasive method using alive measurements of eels' body length and mass together with digital measurements of eyes and pectoral fin from photographs had the highest agreement for maturation stage outcome with the fresh reference. Our results further reveal the necessity of correcting for shrinkage of eyes and pectoral fins (in addition to length and mass) after freezing to maximize reliability in stage classification. Consequently, we provide specialized formulae to apply shrinkage corrections for eye diameter and pectoral fin length.
Clinical characteristics and genotype analysis of a Chinese patient with juvenile arthritis due to novel LACC1 frameshift mutation and literature review
Authors: Wu Yali , Wang Shasha , Yin Wen , Yin Wei , Ding Yan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundSome juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients have a familial aggregation of the disease, and a few have been found to have a juvenile arthritis (JA) phenotype caused by a genetic mutation. JA due to LACC1 defects is a rare condition and it was never reported in China.MethodsThe clinical and molecular characteristics of a child with LACC1 gene mutation‐related juvenile arthritis, diagnosed by high‐throughput sequencing in Wuhan children's Hospital in 2021 were analyzed retrospectively; The literature and database were reviewed to summarize the clinical data and genotype characteristics of patients with JA caused by LACC1 gene mutation.ResultsHere, we report a 19‐month‐old Chinese male patient who presented with bilateral limb edema without a history of fever. Laboratory tests showed had moderate anemia and signs of inflammation: hemoglobin of 76 g/L, white blood cell count of 20.53 × 109, and platelet count of 1194 × 109; MRI showed the patient had synovitis and tenosynovitis in bilateral hands and wrists. Whole‐exome sequencing (WES) detected compound heterozygous variants, novel c.446_449dupTAAA and c.889T>C, in the LACC1 gene. Of the 52 patients reported in the literature (including this case), 38.9% had clinical symptoms of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA), which tended to be caused by loss‐of‐function (LOF) mutation. Findings in this study expanded the spectrum of pathogenic variants and reveal the phenotypic heterogeneity of LACC1‐JA.ConclusionsOur study reported a rare case of juvenile arthritis, which is due to the compound heterozygous mutation of LACC1, including a new novel frameshift mutation c.446_449dupTAAA, and LACC1 C297R variant causes disease by potentially modifying the local conformation of proteins. The clinical and genetic findings in our study show that LACC1‐JA is highly heterogeneous, and gene testing is required for juvenile arthritis patients with a high inflammatory response at a young onset age.
A randomized‐controlled trial to evaluate the app‐based multimodal weight loss program zanadio for patients with obesity
Authors: Roth Lena , Ordnung Madeleine , Forkmann Katarina , Mehl Nora , Horstmann Annette 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the app‐based, multimodal weight loss program zanadio.MethodsA randomized‐controlled trial was conducted from January 2021 to March 2022. A total of 150 adults with obesity were randomized into an intervention group and used zanadio for 1 year or into a wait list control group. The primary end point, weight change, and the secondary end points, quality of life, well‐being, and waist to height ratio, were assessed every 3 months for up to 1 year via telephone interviews and online questionnaires.ResultsAfter 12 months, participants of the intervention group lost, on average, −7.75% (95% CI: −9.66% to −5.84%) of their initial weight, achieving a clinically relevant and statistically stronger weight reduction than the control group (mean = 0.00% [95% CI: −1.98% to 1.99%]). All secondary end points improved significantly in the intervention group, with significantly greater improvements in well‐being and waist to height ratio than in the control group.ConclusionsThis study showed that adults with obesity who have used zanadio achieved a significant and clinically relevant weight loss within 12 months and improved further obesity‐related health variables compared with a control group. Because of its effectiveness and flexible applicability, the app‐based multimodal treatment zanadio might alleviate the present care gap for patients with obesity in Germany.
Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass, gastric banding, or sleeve gastrectomy for severe obesity: Baseline data from the By‐Band‐Sleeve randomized controlled trial
Authors:   By‐Band‐Sleeve Collaborative Group
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis paper reports the study design, participant characteristics, and recruitment results of By‐Band‐Sleeve, which investigated the clinical and cost‐effectiveness of gastric bypass, gastric banding, and sleeve gastrectomy in adults with severe obesity in the UK.MethodsA pragmatic open adaptive noninferiority trial with 3‐year follow‐up was conducted. Participants were randomly assigned to bypass or band initially and to sleeve after the adaptation. Co‐primary end points are weight loss and health‐related quality of life assessed using the EQ‐5D utility index.ResultsBetween December 2012 and August 2015, the study recruited into two groups and, after the adaptation, into three groups until September 2019. The study screened 6960 patients; 4732 (68%) were eligible and 1351 (29%) were randomized; 5 subsequently withdrew consent to use data, leaving 462, 464, and 420 assigned to bypass, band, and sleeve, respectively. Baseline data showed high levels of obesity (mean BMI = 46.4 kg/m2; SD: 6.9) and comorbidities (e.g., 31% diabetes), low scores for health‐related quality of life, and high levels of anxiety and depression (e.g., 25% abnormal scores). Nutritional parameters were poor, and the average equivalized household income was low (£16,667).ConclusionsBy‐Band‐Sleeve fully recruited. Participant characteristics are consistent with contemporary patients having bariatric surgery, and therefore the results will be generalizable.
Synergistic effects of zinc borate and graphene on enhanced thermal stability and antimicrobial properties of poly(methyl methacrylate)
Authors: Iyigundogdu Zeynep 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe use of graphene nanoplatelets (GnP) as reinforcing material for thermoplastic polymer matrices, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and zinc borate (ZnB), as an antimicrobial and fire‐retardant agent was studied. PMMA‐ZnB and PMMA‐GnP‐ZnB (ZG) composite films were fabricated with different ZnB concentrations (2.5, 5, 10 wt%) by solvent casting method using acetone. The effect of additives on the antimicrobial activity, thermal and mechanical properties, and surface morphologies of the composites were investigated. Antimicrobial surface activity tests were conducted against seven microorganisms, including bacterial and fungal species. An improvement in antimicrobial activity by up to 99.99% with increasing ZnB content was observed. Thermal stability was increased with increasing concentration of ZnB and a combination of ZnB and GnP additions. 10% ZG‐based composites increased the % char residue value of PMMA from 0.5% to 9.3%. The incorporation of the ZnB and GnP into the PMMA matrix resulted in an increase in the calculated limiting oxygen index (LOI). 10% and 50% weight loss temperature increased by 11.7°C and 3.7°C, respectively, for 10% ZG composites. The Young's modulus of the composites increased with increasing ZnB and a combination of ZnB and GnP loading (increasing by 16% to 2033 MPa with the addition of 10 wt% ZG). The commercial application for this study would be in high touch and piano black automotive interior, construction, and medical applications.
MicroRNA dysregulation in the heart and lung of infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Koussa Sara , Dombkowski Alan , Cukovic Daniela , Poulik Janet , Sood Beena G. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a serious complication of preterm birth, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Recent studies have suggested that microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation is involved in the pathogenesis of BPD and may serve as biomarkers for early detection. We conducted a directed search for dysregulated miRNAs in lung and heart autopsy samples of infants with histologic BPD.MethodsWe used archived lung and heart samples from BPD (13 lung, 6 heart) and control (24 lung, 5 heart) subjects. To measure miRNA expression, RNA was extracted from formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tissue specimens then reverse‐transcribed, labeled, and hybridized to miRNA microarrays. The microarrays were scanned, and data were quantile normalized. Statistical analysis with a moderated t‐test and control of the false discovery rate (5%) was used to compare normalized miRNA expression values between clinical categories.ResultsWith our set of 48 samples, 43 miRNAs had a significant difference in expression comparing BPD to non‐BPD controls. Among the most statistically significant miRNAs, miR‐378b, miRNA‐184, miRNA‐3667‐5p, miRNA‐3976, miRNA‐4646‐5p, and miRNA‐7846‐3p were all consistently upregulated in both the heart and lung tissues of BPD subjects. The cellular pathway predicted to be most affected by these miRNAs is the Hippo signaling pathway.ConclusionsThis study identifies miRNAs that are similarly dysregulated in postmortem lung and heart samples in subjects with histologic BPD. These miRNAs may contribute to the pathogenesis of BPD, have potential as biomarkers, and may provide insight to novel approaches for diagnosis and treatment.
Third trimester fetal lung volume, thoracic circumference, and early infant lung function
Authors: Hilde Katarina , Gudmundsdóttir Hrefna Katrín , Bains Karen Eline S. , Carlsen Karin C. Lødrup , Färdig Martin , Jonassen Christine M. , Kreyberg Ina , LeBlanc Marissa , Nordlund Björn , Rehbinder Eva Maria , Roland Marie Cecilie Paasche , Skjerven Håvard O. , Staff Anne Cathrine , Vettukattil Riyas , Haugen Guttorm 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to investigate the relationship between fetal third trimester lung volume (LV), thoracic circumference (TC), fetal weight, as well as fetal thoracic and weight growth, and early infant lung function.MethodsFetal LV, TC and estimated weight were measured with ultrasound at 30 gestational weeks in 257 fetuses from the general population‐based prospective cohort study Preventing Atopic Dermatitis and ALLergies in Children (PreventADALL). Fetal thoracic growth rate and weight increase were calculated using TC and estimated fetal weight measured by ultrasound during pregnancy, and TC and birthweight of the newborn. Lung function was assessed by tidal flow‐volume measurement in awake infants at 3 months of age. The associations between fetal size (LV, TC, and estimated weight) and growth (thoracic growth rate and fetal weight increase) measures and the time to peak tidal expiratory flow to expiratory time ratio (tPTEF/tE) as well as tidal volume standardized for body weight (VT/kg) were analyzed using linear and logistic regression models.ResultsWe observed no associations between fetal LV, TC or estimated fetal weight and tPTEF/tE as a continuous variable, tPTEF/tE < 25th percentile, or VT/kg. Similarly, fetal thoracic growth and weight increase were not associated with infant lung function. Analyses stratified for sex showed a significant inverse association between fetal weight increase and VT/kg (p = 0.02) in girls.ConclusionOverall, fetal third trimester LV, TC, estimated fetal weight, thoracic growth rate and weight increase were not associated with infant lung function at 3 months of age.
Disease progression joint model predicts time to type 1 diabetes onset: Optimizing future type 1 diabetes prevention studies
Authors: Morales Juan Francisco , Muse Rhoda , Podichetty Jagdeep T. , Burton Jackson , David Sarah , Lang Patrick , Schmidt Stephan , Romero Klaus , O'Doherty Inish , Martin Frank , Campbell‐Thompson Martha , Haller Michael J. , Atkinson Mark A. , Kim Sarah 
Published: April 2023

AbstractClinical trials seeking type 1 diabetes prevention are challenging in terms of identifying patient populations likely to progress to type 1 diabetes within limited (i.e., short‐term) trial durations. Hence, we sought to improve such efforts by developing a quantitative disease progression model for type 1 diabetes. Individual‐level data obtained from the TrialNet Pathway to Prevention and The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young natural history studies were used to develop a joint model that links the longitudinal glycemic measure to the timing of type 1 diabetes diagnosis. Baseline covariates were assessed using a stepwise covariate modeling approach. Our study focused on individuals at risk of developing type 1 diabetes with the presence of two or more diabetes‐related autoantibodies (AAbs). The developed model successfully quantified how patient features measured at baseline, including HbA1c and the presence of different AAbs, alter the timing of type 1 diabetes diagnosis with reasonable accuracy and precision (<30% RSE). In addition, selected covariates were statistically significant (p < 0.0001 Wald test). The Weibull model best captured the timing to type 1 diabetes diagnosis. The 2‐h oral glucose tolerance values assessed at each visit were included as a time‐varying biomarker, which was best quantified using the sigmoid maximum effect function. This model provides a framework to quantitatively predict and simulate the time to type 1 diabetes diagnosis in individuals at risk of developing the disease and thus, aligns with the needs of pharmaceutical companies and scientists seeking to advance therapies aimed at interdicting the disease process.
Racially diverse educational pathways and STEM college outcomes: A quantitative analysis of students in North Carolina
Authors: Bottia Martha Cecilia , Mickelson Roslyn Arlin , Stearns Elizabeth 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article investigates whether attending a sequence of racially diverse schools predicts science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) college outcomes. Such a relationship is important because of the increasingly diverse population of school‐aged children who are likely to attend racially segregated K‐12 schools and colleges, the benefits for individuals and society of STEM college graduates, and the projected shortage of people trained for future STEM workforce demands. We use a unique panel data set (N = 14,980) of the University of North Carolina graduates. Our main analytical approach is multilevel modeling to examine the relationship between attending a sequence of racially diverse educational institutions and the odds of declaring and/or graduating with a STEM major. We find that students who attended a diverse sequence of schools are more likely to declare and graduate with STEM majors than those who did not. Framing our results with theories of cumulative advantage and intergroup contact theories, we offer science education policy reform recommendations.
Metronidazole for the Treatment of Cutaneous Vulval Crohn Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Simon Nina , Moledina Zahra , Simpson Rosalind , Kirby Lisa 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Cutaneous vulval Crohn disease (VCD) is an under-recognised extra-intestinal manifestation of Crohn disease (CD) which is challenging to identify and treat. It causes significant oedema, painful deep fissures, and has potential to cause permanent disfiguring changes to vulval anatomy. There is no agreement on the best management for VCD.

Objectives
This systematic review evaluates the use of metronidazole for the treatment of VCD in women and children.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42021285033) of the use of metronidazole in clinically or histologically diagnosed non-contiguous VCD in patients of all ages and ethnicities. We recorded clinical improvement, reduction in flares, relapse and adverse events using a standardised form.

Results
49 records (40 case reports and 9 case series) met inclusion criteria, comprising a total of 57 patients with an age range of 5–61 years. The most reported presenting features in VCD were: oedema, erythema, ulcers/fissures and induration/thickening. Gastrointestinal CD was present in 33/57 (58%). Vulval biopsies were undertaken in 47/57 (83%). Daily doses ranged from 250 to 1500 mg with treatment duration 8 days to 18 months. Improvement of any magnitude was observed in 40/57 (70%) cases. Relapse was described in 11/57 (19%) cases. No response/worsening was reported in 17/57 (30%) cases. Adverse events occurred in two patients.

Conclusion
Metronidazole appears to be useful in managing VCD, either as a primary treatment or adjunctive therapy. However, the evidence is insufficient for firm conclusions to be drawn. Further studies including randomised controlled trials are recommended.
Deformation Rate‐Adaptive Conducting Polymers and Composites
Authors: Hernandez Victor , Jordan Robert S. , Hill Ian M. , Xu Bohao , Zhai Chenxi , Wu Di , Lee Hansong , Misiaszek John , Shirzad Kiana , Martinez Miguel F. , Kusoglu Ahmet , Yeo Jingjie , Wang Yue 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMaterials are more easily damaged during accidents that involve rapid deformation. Here, a design strategy is described for electronic materials comprised of conducting polymers that defies this orthodox property, making their extensibility and toughness dynamically adaptive to deformation rates. This counterintuitive property is achieved through a morphology of interconnected nanoscopic core–shell micelles, where the chemical interactions are stronger within the shells than the cores. As a result, the interlinked shells retain material integrity under strain, while the rate of dissociation of the cores controls the extent of micelle elongation, which is a process that adapts to deformation rates. A prototype based on polyaniline shows a 7.5‐fold increase in ultimate elongation and a 163‐fold increase in toughness when deformed at increasing rates from 2.5 to 10 000% min−1. This concept can be generalized to other conducting polymers and highly conductive composites to create “self‐protective” soft electronic materials with enhanced durability under dynamic movement or deformation.
Regulating d‐Band Center of Ti2C MXene Via Nb Alloying for Stable and High‐Efficient Supercapacitive Performances
Authors: Guan Yunfeng , Cong Ye , Zhao Rong , Li Ke , Li Xuanke , Zhu Hui , Zhang Qin , Dong Zhijun , Yang Nianjun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTi2C MXene with the lowest formula weight is expected to gain superior advantages in gravimetric capacitances over other heavier MXenes. Nevertheless, its poor chemical and electrochemical stability is the most fatal drawback and seriously hinders its practical applications. Herein, an alloy engineering strategy at the transition metal‐sites of Ti2C MXene is proposed. Theoretical calculations reveal that the electronic redistribution of the solid‐solution TiNbC MXene improves the electronic conductivity, induces the upward d‐band center, tailors the surface functional groups, and increases the electron loss impedance, resulting in its excellent capacitive performance and high chemical stability. The as‐prepared flexible TiNbC film delivers specific capacitance up to 381 F g−1 at a scan rate of 2 mV s−1 and excellent electrochemical stability without capacitance loss after 10000 charge/discharging cycles. This work provides a universal approach to develop high‐performance and chemically stable MXene electrodes.