bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term results of liver transplantation for maple syrup urine disease: A single‐center experience in Turkey
Authors: Aras Arzu , Avanaz Ali , Inan Aydemir Nurel , Kayaalp Ece , Ulgen Tekerek Nazan , Kisaoglu Abdullah , Demiryilmaz Ismail , Soyucen Erdogan , Dursun Oguz , Yilmaz Aygen , Artan Reha , Aydinli Bulent 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesMaple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder. Despite the advances in medical nutrition therapies, classical phenotype causes severe neurological disorders and sudden death. It is known that MSUD patients do not experience metabolic attacks despite their free diet after liver transplantation (LT). This study aims to reveal the long‐term results, development, mental, motor, intellectual and nutritional status of MSUD patients who underwent LT.MethodsThe data of 12 patients who underwent deceased donor (5 recipients) and living donor liver transplantation (7 recipients) were retrospectively analyzed. The age, genotype, psychometric and mental status, development, BCAA values, type of LT, donor‐recipient proximity, complications, and survival were assessed.ResultsThere were 4 (33%) girls and 8 (67%) boys. The mean current age was 9.33 ± 4.58 years. The mean follow‐up time was 3 ± 2.5 years. The repeated measures of leucine and isoleucine values revealed that there were no significant differences from the pre‐LT to post‐LT 1‐year. The protein‐restricted nutrition was switched to a free diet when oral intake was opened after LT. None of the recipients experienced metabolic attacks after the living donor or deceased donor LT. The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year survival rate of the patients is 83.3%. There was no significant difference in survival between living and deceased donor liver transplantation.ConclusionsLiver transplantation is a treatment option for MSUD in proper conditions to save the patient life, increase the quality of life, and provide essential amino acids with free diet intake for growth and development.
Heat‐KilledLactobacillus rhamnosusATCC7469 ImprovedUVB‐InducedPhotoagingViaAntiwrinkleandAntimelanogenesisImpacts
Authors: Zhang Xiaofang , Xu Jing , Ma Mingzhu , Zhao Yadong , Song Yan , Zheng Bin , Wen Zhengshun , Gong Miao , Meng Lingting 
Published: January 2023

AbstractExposure of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is the main factor from the environment to cause skin photoaging.Lactobacillus rhamnosusATCC 7469, is a probiotic strain with a good track record for enhancing human health. The present study conducted the impacts of heat‐killedL. rhamnosusATCC 7469 (RL) on photoagingin vitrousing mouse skin fibroblast (MSF) cells and human epidermal melanocytes (HEM) exposed to UVB. The results showed that (1) RL‐protected UVB‐induced cytotoxicity relating to absorb UVB and reduce DNA damage. (2) RL exerted the antiwrinkle impact involved in two aspects. Firstly, RL downregulated MMP‐1, 2, 3 expressions associating with MAPK signaling, resulting in the increased the protein expression of COL1A1, further booting type I collagen abundant thereby promoting the antiwrinkle impact in MSF cells. Secondly, RL reduced ROS content, further decreasing oxidative damage relating to Nrf2/Sirt3/SOD2 signaling, thereby promoting the antiwrinkle impact in MSF cells. (3) RL suppressed tyrosinase and TYRP‐2 activity and/or levels associating with PKA/CREB/MITF signaling, thereby promoting antimelanogenesis impact in HEM cells. In conclusion, our findings suggest that RL could reduce photoaging caused by UVBviaantiwrinkle and antimelanogenesis properties and may be a potential antiphotoaging beneficial component, which is applied in the cosmetic industry.
Nanoformulation of Lipophilic Osmium Photosensitizers in Liposomes and Micelles as a General Strategy for Improving Reproducibility and Reducing Quenching†
Authors: Papish Elizabeth T. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNanoformulation of an osmium photosensitizer within liposomes and micelles is used to improve the water‐solubility of this highly lipophilic molecule. This highlight report describes a recent paper by Cameron, Obaid and McFarland on this topic and discusses the context for this report. Nanoformulation has been explored as a strategy before, but this represents the first usage of this strategy with highly potent metal‐based photosensitizers having phototherapeutic indices (PIs) in excess of 104. The nanoformulation strategy is effective due to reducing aggregation and self‐quenching of the photosensitizer molecules.
Ultraviolet Light, Unfolded Protein Response and Autophagy†
Authors: Bahamondes Lorca Verónica A. , Wu Shiyong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays an important role in the regulation of protein synthesis. Alterations in the folding capacity of the ER induce stress, which activates three ER sensors that mediate the unfolded protein response (UPR). Components of the pathways regulated by these sensors have been shown to regulate autophagy. The last corresponds to a mechanism of self‐eating and recycling important for proper cell maintenance. Ultraviolet radiation (UV) is an external damaging stimulus that is known for inducing oxidative stress, and DNA, lipid and protein damage. Many controversies exist regarding the role of UV‐inducing ER stress or autophagy. However, a connection between the three of them has not been addressed. In this review, we will discuss the contradictory theories regarding the relationships between UV radiation with the induction of ER stress and autophagy, as well as hypothetic connections between UV, ER stress and autophagy.
Does revenue‐motivated policing alter who receives traffic citations? Evidence from driver race and income in Indiana
Authors: Mughan Siân , Singla Akheil 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRevenue‐motivated policing is a common explanation for law enforcement behavior. This means in times of fiscal stress police alter their behavior to increase the financial returns to their actions. But does variation in the institutional features of local governments lead to variation in law enforcement behavior? Using a plausibly exogenous measure of revenue need, this research explores how fiscal institutions that determine a local government's ability to retain ticketing revenue interact with revenue need to affect the number of tickets issued and the type of driver ticketed. There are four major findings. First, revenue‐motivated policing only occurs when local governments retain the revenues from ticketing. Second, in the context of revenue retention and high revenue need, wealthier drivers are more likely to receive tickets. Third, these effects are particularly pronounced among White drivers. Finally, revenue‐motives extend beyond law enforcement by altering judicial decision‐making. When general purpose governments do not retain ticketing revenues from law enforcement action, there is little evidence of revenue‐motivated policing. Municipal courts play a vital role in revenue‐motivated policing by determining the distribution of ticketing revenues. When a municipality has an increased need for additional revenue, judges pursue unpaid ticketing debts more aggressively. Judicial behavior is thus affected by the same fiscal pressures that lead police to engage in revenue‐motivated policing. Increased revenue need leads police to target drivers who are not typically the subject of enforcement actions: wealthier, white drivers. We find no such effect for Black drivers. Policies altering revenue retention are a promising way to reduce revenue‐motivated policing. But reducing revenue‐motivated policing might not improve outcomes for Black drivers.
Elastodynamical resonances and cloaking of negative material structures beyond quasistatic approximation
Authors: Li Hongjie , Liu Hongyu , Zou Jun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGiven the flexibility of choosing negative elastic parameters, we construct material structures that can induce two resonance phenomena, referred to as the elastodynamical resonances. They mimic the emerging plasmon/polariton resonance and anomalous localized resonance in optics for subwavelength particles. However, we study the peculiar resonance phenomena for linear elasticity beyond the subwavelength regime. It is shown that the resonance behaviors possess distinct characters, with some similar to the subwavelength resonances, but some sharply different due to the frequency effect. It is particularly noted that we construct a core–shell material structure that can induce anomalous localized resonance as well as cloaking phenomena beyond the quasistatic limit. The study is boiled down to analyzing the so‐called elastic Neumann–Poincaré (N‐P) operator in the frequency regime. We provide an in‐depth analysis of the spectral properties of the N‐P operator on a circular domain beyond the quasistatic approximation, and these results are of independent interest to the spectral theory of layer potential operators.
Evaluation of the Level of Variability of Niger Delta Community People’s Awareness and Knowledge of Chevron Regional Development Councils (RDCs) and Shell’s Cluster Development Boards (CDBs) Activities
Authors: Whiskey Monday Obukowho , Oji Majority 
Published: January 2023

The study's objectives were to evaluate the level of variability in community people's awareness and knowledge of Chevron Nigeria Limited (CNL) Regional Development Councils (RDCs) and Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria (SPDC) Shell Cluster Development Boards (CDBs) and to determine whether the ascertained community people's awareness and knowledge have a significant impact on how well Multi-National Oil Corporations (MNOCs) development programmes are carried out in the host communities. Adopting the cross-sectional research design, the study surveyed 400 respondents from selected four states in the Niger Delta Oil Producing communities where RDCs and CDBs are operated. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, means, and percentages were used to describe the socio-demographic information and the research questions. Inferential statistical tools like the One-Way Analysis of Variance and regression analysis had been used to take a look at the formulated hypotheses for the study. The findings indicate no relevant difference among community people in their state of awareness of the RDCs and CDBs but that the host community’s people poor involvement in the RDCs and CDBs resulted from inadequate requisite knowledge of the activities of MNOCs in their communities. The study recommended that every decision-making and taking process involve in project initiation, execution and implementation should involve the host communities in order to earn the people’s trust and respect.
How does authentic leadership influence the safety climate in nursing?
Authors: Mrayyan Majd T , AL-Atiyyat Nijmeh , Al-Rawashdeh Sami , Algunmeeyn Abdullah , Abunab Hamzeh Y , Othman Wafa'a W , Sayaheen Mohammad N 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundAuthentic leadership controls quality care and the safety of patients and healthcare professionals, especially nurses.AimThis study examined the influence of nurses’ authentic leadership on the safety climate.MethodsIn this predictive research, 314 Jordanian nurses from various hospitals were convenience sampled for cross-sectional and correlational design. This research included all hospital nurses with 1 year of experience, at least at the present hospital. SPSS (V.25) conducted descriptive statistics and multivariate analyses. As needed, sample variables’ means, SD and frequencies were supplied.ResultsThe mean scores on the entire Authentic Leadership Questionnaire and its subscales were moderate. The mean score of the SCS was below 4 (out of 5), indicating negative safety climate perceptions. A significant positive moderate association was found between nurses’ authentic leadership and safety climate. Nurses’ authentic leadership predicted a safe climate. Internalised moral and balanced processing subscales were significant predictors of safety climate. Being woman and having a diploma inversely predicted the nurses’ authentic leadership; however, the model was insignificant.ConclusionInterventions are needed to enhance the perception of the safety climate in hospitals. Nurses’ authentic leadership increases their perceptions of a positive safety climate, and thus different strategies to build on nurses’ authentic leadership characteristics are warranted.Implications for nursing managementThe negative perceptions of the safety climate mandate that organisations create strategies to increase nurses’ awareness about the safety climate. Shared leadership, learning environments and information sharing would improve nurses’ perceptions of the safety climate. Future studies should examine other variables influencing safety climate with a more extensive and randomised sample. Safety climate and authentic leadership should be integrated into the nursing curricula and continuing education courses.
E- and T-model hybrid inflation
Authors: Pallis C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe consider the impact of a kinetic pole of order one or two on the non-supersymmetric model of hybrid inflation. These poles arise due to logarithmic Kähler potentials which control the kinetic mixing of the inflaton field and parameterize hyperbolic manifolds with scalar curvature related to the coefficient $$(-N)<0$$

(
-
N
)
<
0

of the logarithm. Inflation is associated with the breaking of a local $$SU(2)\times U(1)$$

S
U
(
2
)
×
U
(
1
)

symmetry, which does not produce any cosmological defects after it, and remains largely immune from the minimal possible radiative corrections to the inflationary potential. For $$N=1$$

N
=
1

and equal values of the relevant coupling constants, $$\lambda $$
λ
and $$\kappa $$
κ
, the achievement of the observationally central value for the scalar spectral index, $$n_{\textrm{s}}$$

n
s

, requires the mass parameter, m, and the symmetry breaking scale, M, to be of the order of $$10^{12}~{\textrm{GeV}}$$

10
12

GeV

and $$10^{17}~{\textrm{GeV}}$$

10
17

GeV

respectively. Increasing N above unity the tensor-to-scalar ratio r increases above 0.002 and reaches its maximal allowed value for $$N\simeq 10{-}20$$

N
≃
10
-
20

.
Dietary Thymol Improved Growth, Body Composition, Digestive Enzyme Activities, Hematology, Immunity, Antioxidant Defense, and Resistance to Streptococcus iniae in the Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Hafsan Hafsan , Saleh Marwan Mahmood , Zabibah Rahman S. , Obaid Rasha Fadhel , Jabbar Hijran Sanaan , Mustafa Yasser Fakri , Sultan Mohammed Q. , Gabr Gamal A. , Ramírez-Coronel Andrés Alexis , Khodadadi Mohammad , Dadras Mahnaz 
Published: December 2022

In this study, thymol (TYM) at dietary levels of 0, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 g/kg diet was used to evaluate its effects on growth, digestive performance, immunity, and resistances to the infection induced by Streptococcus iniae in the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. A number of 450 fish (

35.8
±
4.4

g

;

Mean
±
SD

) were distributed to 15 tanks (30 fish/tank) in three replicates and fed TYM for 60 days. After feeding period, Fish fed 1.5-2.5 g TYM showed better growth, higher digestive enzyme activity, and body protein content compared to other diets (

P
<
0.05

). Regression analysis indicated a polynomial relationship between growth parameters and dietary TYM levels. Based upon the varied growth parameters, the optimum dietary TYM level was 1.89% for FCR. TYM at dietary levels of 1.5-2.5 g significantly enhanced liver antioxidant enzyme activity [superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT)], immune components in blood [alternative complement activity (C3), total immunoglobulin (Ig), lysozyme activity, bactericidal activity, and total protein], and in mucus [alkaline phosphatase (ALP), protease activity, lysozyme activity, bactericidal activity, and total protein] compared to other diets (

P
<
0.05

). TYM at dietary levels of 2-2.5 g significantly decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels compared to other experimental groups (

P
<
0.05

). In addition, use of TYM at dietary levels of 1.5-2.5 g upregulated the expression of the immune-related genes (C3, Lyz, and Ig) (

P
<
0.05

). In contrast, the expression of inflammatory genes, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and Interleukin-8 (IL-8) significantly were downregulated in response to 2-2.5 g TYM (

P
<
0.05

). The hematology of the fish also altered in response to dietary TYM, where the values of corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC), hematocrit (Hct), and white blood cell (WBC) significantly increased in fish fed 2-2.5 g TYM compared to other diets (

P
<
0.05

). In addition, MCV significantly decreased in response to 2-2.5 g TYM (

P
<
0.05

). After challenge with Streptococcus iniae, the survival rate was significantly higher in fish fed 2-2.5 g TYM compared to other diets (

P
<
0.05

). The results of the present study concluded that TYM in the diet of rainbow trout can improve the fish growth and immunity and increase the resistance of the fish to Streptococcus iniae infection. The results of this study recommend an optimized dietary level of 2-2.5 g TYM for the fish.
РОЗРОБКА СКЛАДУ ГРАНУЛ ДЛЯ ОРАЛЬНОЇ СУСПЕНЗІЇ НА ОСНОВІ НІМЕСУЛІДУ
Authors: Тарапон Катерина 
Published: January 2023

Мета роботи. Розробка складу гранул для оральної суспензії на основі німесуліду, вивчення впливу розміру часток активного фармацевтичного інгредієнту та допоміжних речовин на критичні показники якості препарату.
Матеріали і методи. В процесі досліджень використовували діючу речовину німесулід, а також допоміжні речовини з груп наповнювачів, зв’язуючих речовин, стабілізаторів рН, коригентів смаку, ароматизаторів та солюбілізаторів. Приготування гранул здійснювали методом вологої грануляції. Визначення фармако-технологічних показників проводили за допомогою сучасного обладнання. Для аналізу характеристик порошкових мас, готової суспензії використовували органолептичні методи. Кількісний вміст діючої речовини визначали методом ВЕРХ.
Результати й обговорення. За результатами експериментальних досліджень встановлено, що мікронізована субстанція німесуліду (D90 < 30 мкм) забезпечує відповідність приготованої суспензії німесуліду за показником «Опис», а також відповідність профілю розчинення референтному препарату. Найкращі органолептичні характеристики суспензії отримано при використанні в якості наповнювача цукру подрібненого в кількості від 75,50 % до 90,00 %. Для забезпечення значення рН, аналогічного референтному препарату, необхідно до складу розроблюваного лікарського засобу вводити кислоту лимонну безводну в кількості від 0,95 % до 1,0 %. Використання у складі солюбілізатору кетомакроголу 1000 у кількості 1 % забезпечує профіль розчинення препарату та кількісний вміст відповідно встановленим вимогам.
Висновки. При розробці складу препарату з діючою речовиною німесулід у формі гранул для оральної суспензії встановлено цільовий профіль препарату, визначено критичні показники якості, проведено оцінку ризиків варіабельності формуляції. В ході роботи підібрано оптимальний розмір часток діючої речовини, вивчено вплив допоміжних речовин на фамако-технологічні та фізико-хімічні показники та запропоновано науково-обґрунтований склад препарату, який відповідає цільовому профілю.
Зміни магістрального артеріального та венозного кровотоку і шкірної мікроциркуляції від величини медичної еластичної компресії при лікуванні венозної трофічної виразки
Authors: Русин В. І. , Павук Ф. М. , Федусяк В. Я. 
Published: January 2023

Мета роботи: визначити вплив еластичної компресії на венозну та артеріальну швидкість магістрального кровотоку нижньої кінцівки та шкірну мікроциркуляцію тильної частини стопи при лікуванні венозних трофічних виразок.
Матеріали і методи. У дослідженні взяли участь 15 пацієнтів із варикозною хворобою в стадії декомпенсації. Серед них було 9 (60 %) жінок та 6 (40 %) чоловіків. Середній вік пацієнтів становив (56±5,7) року. У всіх субʼєктів дослідження вимірювали індекс кісточково-плечового тиску, глибокостегново-підколінний індекс, індекс регіонарної перфузії, tcpO2, tcpCO2, швидкість артеріального кровотоку в стегновій артерії (AFV) та швидкість венозного кровотоку (VFV) дистальніше сафенофеморального співустя. Після виконаних замірів наступні заміри проводили після застосування еластичного медичного трикотажу різного класу компресії.
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. При I класі компресії (15–21 мм рт. ст.) виявлено значні зміни в показниках на 12 % (p<0,01). Швидкість артеріального кровотоку зменшилась у 2 рази порівняно із вхідними даними при максимальному тиску четвертого класу компресії (p=0,0001). TcpO2 мав тенденцію до зниження і при четвертому класі компресії (>46 мм рт. ст.) і становило (61,2±1,3) мм рт. ст. (p=0,0001). Значення транскутанного тиску кисню знижувалось при зростанні тиску еластичної компресії. З іншого боку, значення tcpCO2 значно зросли вже при І класі компресії (p=0,0001) і далі збільшувалися до кінця дослідження. Аналізуючи зміни транскутанного тиску вуглекислого газу встановлено, що його значення зросли на 40 % порівняно із вхідними даними (p=0,0001). Значення індексу регіонарної перфузії знижуються починаючи із рівня тиску в 10 мм рт. ст., як і показник tcpO2, тому застосування ІРП може слугувати критерієм вибору для діагностики ступеня ішемії.
Венозна швидкість кровотоку в стегновій вені знижується на 22 % при компресії у 15 мм рт. ст., а при максимальному тиску еластичної компресії зниження венозної швидкості порівняно із початковою від норми становило 78 % (p=0,0001). TcpCO2 значно зростає при компресії 15 мм рт. ст. (p=0,0001), також паралельно із зменшенням індексу регіонарної перфузії, яке починається при зовнішній компресії 15 мм рт. ст. (p<0,05), що є свідченням погіршення перфузії шкіри тилу стопи у хворих з варикозною хворобою в стадії декомпенсації.