bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fin systems comparative anatomy in model Batoidea Raja asterias and Torpedo marmorata: Insights and relatioships between musculo‐skeletal layout, locomotion and morphology
Authors: Pazzaglia Ugo E. , Reguzzoni Marcella , Manconi Renata , Lanteri Luca , Zarattini Guido , Zecca Piero A. , Raspanti Mario 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe macroscopic and microscopic morphology of the appendicular skeleton was studied in the two species Raja asterias (order Rajiformes) and Torpedo marmorata (Order Torpediniformes), comparing the organization and structural layout of pectoral, pelvic, and tail fin systems. The shape, surface area and portance of the T. marmorata pectoral fin system (hydrodynamic lift) were conditioned by the presence of the two electric organs in the disk central part, which reduced the pectoral fin surface area, suggesting a lower efficiency of the “flapping effectors” than those of R. asterias. Otherwise, radials' rays alignment, morphology and calcification pattern showed in both species the same structural layout characterized in the fin medial zone by stiffly paired columns of calcified tiles in the perpendicular plane to the flat batoid body, then revolving and in the horizontal plane to continue as separate mono‐columnar rays in the fin lateral zone with a morphology suggesting fin stiffness variance between medial/lateral zone. Pelvic fins morphology was alike in the two species, however with different calcified tiles patterns of the 1st compound radial and pterygia in respect to the fin‐rays articulating perpendicularly to the latter, whose tile rows lay‐out was also different from that of the pectoral fins radials. The T. marmorata tail‐caudal fin showed a muscular and connective scaffold capable of a significant oscillatory forward thrust. On the contrary, the R. asterias dorsal tail fins were stiffened by a scaffold of radials‐like calcified segments. Histomorphology, heat‐deproteination technique and morphometry provided new data on the wing‐fins structural layout which can be correlated to the mechanics of the Batoid swimming behavior and suggested a cartilage‐calcification process combining interstitial cartilage growth (as that of all vertebrates anlagen) and a mineral deposition with accretion of individual centers (the tiles). The resulting layout showed scattered zones of un‐mineralized matrix within the calcified mass and a less compact texture of the matrix calcified fibers suggesting a possible way of fluid diffusion throughout the mineralized tissue. These observations could explain the survival of the embedded chondrocytes in absence of a canalicular system as that of the cortical bone.
Biological and molecular characterization of Lasiodiplodia theobromae causing dieback disease of strawberry in Thailand
Authors: Phetphan Chisanuphong , Supakitthanakorn Salit , Phuakjaiphaeo Chatsuda , Pipattanapuckdee Aimalin , Kunasakdakul Kaewalin , Ruangwong On‐Uma 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStrawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is commercially grown in Chiang Mai Province of Northern Thailand. Strawberry dieback, whose symptoms include dieback of runners and roots followed by wilt and necrotic discoloration in crowns, was first observed in diseased strawberry cultivated in the greenhouse. Fungi were isolated from infected parts of diseased strawberry and a pathogenicity assay was conducted for confirmation of fungal pathogenesis. Morphological features of fungal isolates were observed using stereo and compound microscopes. For molecular characterization, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit 28S rRNA (LSU) regions were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. Based on morphological and molecular identification, the fungi were identified as Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by reisolating the pathogen. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of L. theobromae causing dieback of strawberry in Thailand.
Dynamics of aquaculture governance
Authors: Jolly Curtis M. , Nyandat Beatrice , Yang Zhengyong , Ridler Neil , Matias Felipe , Zhang Zhiyi , Murekezi Pierre , Menezes Ana 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAquaculture is a growing industry with an annual growth rate that is far superior to the population growth rate. Most production occurs in lower‐ and middle‐income countries, and therefore, they can improve the efficiency and modernize the production systems to increase exports to earn foreign exchange earnings for economic and social development. The institutional arrangements should be part of the mechanisms that ensure sustainable aquaculture growth, through the participation of all stakeholders. Sustainability is possible with good and dynamic governance through which the industry embraces the basic principles of governance, equity, accountability, efficiency, and predictability. Over the past decade, several countries made changes in governance and implemented regulations through their action plans to improve aquaculture productivity, and stakeholders profited from the changes made along the value chain. For the producers to benefit from the value‐added products, they complied with the regulations imposed by the importing countries, international regulatory bodies, or their own consumers. Standards increased, and the implementation of certification resulted in changes in the industrial structure. These standards, which inflict regulatory cost on producers, stimulated an improvement in productivity and product quality. However, during the last decade, production growth declined from 5.8% from 2001 to 2010 to 4.5% from 2011 to 2018, resulting in the elusive realization of the potential of meeting the sustainable development targets. There is a need for a paradigm shift that encourages small‐scale producers to engage in sustainable intensive aquaculture. The challenge is, therefore, to move toward production intensification and expansion, and the harmonization of national and international regulations to ensure the supply of safe and adequate fish to consumers, while maintaining a sustainable production system, and at the same time conserving the environment and maintaining social and economic stability. With good governance and political will, the social, economic, and environmental objectives for attaining the Sustainable Development Goals during the period 2020–2030 are possible if governments integrate sustainable aquaculture developments within an expanded aquatic and terrestrial food security policy framework using systems thinking and open innovation approaches.
The doctorate unbound: relationality in doctoral literacy research
Authors: Gravett Karen , Heron Marion , Ahmad Adeeba 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhat do literacy events look and feel like for doctoral students, and how do these events overlap intertextually, materially and relationally? The last three decades have seen a rapid diversification in doctoral education where new opportunities for study, combined with an increasingly competitive landscape, have disrupted what it means to undertake a doctorate, as well as reshaping the literacy practices that comprise doctoral experiences in new ways that have not been fully explored. To understand literacies in new ways, we put to work the construct of literacy‐as‐event, and engage ideas from assemblage theory, to theorise the relationality of literacy practices. Crucially, our study seeks to examine how literacies are emergent and entangled within a wider network of relations. This article draws on data from interviews involving critical incidents with 12 doctoral students, in order to unpack the literacy moments, beyond the thesis, that comprise students' experiences. Our data suggest that we can understand doctoral literacies, not as bounded occurrences, but as assemblages of practices. We contend that thinking with concepts of assemblage and of event offers new insights into the evolving experiences of doctoral students, as well as offering an enriched understanding of literacies and literacy research.
Immune‐related microRNAs in breast milk and their relation to regulatory T cells in breastfed children
Authors: Ahlberg Emelie , Martí Magalí , Govindaraj Dhanapal , Severin Elisabet , Duchén Karel , Jenmalm Maria C. , Tingö Lina 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe immunomodulatory capacity of breast milk may partially be mediated by microRNAs (miRNA), small RNA molecules that regulate gene expression on a post‐transcriptional level and are hypothesized to be involved in modulation of immunological pathways. Here, we evaluate the expression of immune‐related miRNAs in breast milk after pre‐ and postnatal supplementation with Limosilactobacillus reuteri and omega‐3 (ω‐3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and the association to infant regulatory T cell (Treg) frequencies.MethodsOne‐hundred and twenty women included in a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled allergy intervention trial received L. reuteri and/or ω‐3 PUFAs daily from gestational week 20. Using Taqman qPCR, 24 miRNAs were analyzed from breast milk obtained at birth (colostrum) and after 3 months (mature milk) of lactation. The proportion of activated and resting Treg cells were analyzed in infant blood using flow cytometry at 6, 12, and 24 months.ResultsRelative expression changed significantly over the lactation period for most of the miRNAs; however, the expression was not significantly influenced by any of the supplements. Colostrum miR‐181a‐3p correlated with resting Treg cell frequencies at 6 months. Colostrum miR‐148a‐3p and let‐7d‐3p correlated with the frequencies of activated Treg cells at 24 months, as did mature milk miR‐181a‐3p and miR‐181c‐3p.ConclusionMaternal supplementation with L. reuteri and ω‐3 PUFAs did not significantly affect the relative miRNA expression in breast milk. Interestingly, some of the miRNAs correlate with Treg subpopulations in the breastfed children, supporting the hypothesis that breast milk miRNAs could be important in infant immune regulation.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov‐ID: NCT01542970.
In vitro diagnostic testing for drug allergy in children
Authors: Saretta Francesca , Tomei Leonardo , Mori Francesca , Mayorga Cristobalina 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDiagnosing Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions (DHRs) could be a complicated process especially in children, since allergic‐like manifestation at this age is more often the expression of concomitant infections rather than a actual DHRs. In vivo tests are usually suggested as a first step; however, prick and intradermal tests could be painful and have shown different sensitivity and specificity among published studies. In some cases, in vivo tests such as Drug Provocation test (DPT) could be even contraindicated. Therefore, the need for in vitro testing is compelling, to add useful information along the diagnostic pathway and to limit the need of DPT. In this review, we analyze the different types of in vitro tests, focusing on those used more widely such as specific IgE and on those that are still for research settings, such as basophil activation test and lymphocyte transformation test, but that have shown some useful diagnostic potential.
Retrospective analysis of outcome and prognostic factors of subcutaneous mast cell tumours in dogs undergoing surgery with or without adjuvant treatment
Authors: Treggiari E. , Valenti P. , Porcellato I. , Maresca G. , Romanelli G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSubcutaneous mast cell tumours (SC MCTs) can display a different biological behaviour in dogs when compared to their cutaneous counterpart. There is a paucity of information with regards to the outcome of dogs with SC MCTs treated with surgery and/or receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to retrospectively review the outcome of dogs with surgically excised SC MCTs undergoing adjuvant treatment or not. A secondary aim was to assess prognostic factors in the same group. Fifty‐two cases were included. Recurrence rate was 15% and 63% of evaluated lymph nodes were consistent with early or overt metastasis. Median survival time (range 83–1357 days) and median time to progression (range 14–1357 days) were not reached. Factors predictive of shorter overall survival time included increasing age (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.06–1.55,p = .0092), presence of clinical signs at presentation (HR 10.44, 95% CI 2.69–40.52,p = .0007), mitotic count >4 (HR 8.69, 95% CI 2.55–29.55, p = 0.0005), presence of multinucleation (HR 4.21, 95% CI 1.35–13.18,p = .0135), use of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy (HR 7.16, 95% CI 1.26–40.73,p = .0266). The same factors, together with increasing tumour dimensions, were predictive for shorter progression‐free survival (PFS), including increasing age (p = .0012), presence of clinical signs at presentation (p = .0045), increasing tumour dimensions (p = .0004), MC > 4 (p = .0004), presence of multinucleation (p = .0282), use of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy (p = .0485). No variables remained significant for overall survival using multivariate analysis. There was a longer survival in cases where chemotherapy was not required (HR 0.14, 95% CI 0.03–0.68,p = .0148), and this variable remained significant for PFS on multivariate analysis (HR 0.13, 95% CI 0.02–0.76,p = .02). In conclusion, our study suggests that dogs with SC MCTs, in the absence of negative prognostic factors, may have a prolonged survival when treated with surgery alone. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of adjuvant treatment for biologically aggressive SC MCTs in dogs.
Heat Transfer and Pressure Loss of Turbulent Flow in a Wedge-Shaped Cooling Channel With Different Types of Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces
Authors: Yeranee Kirttayoth , Rao Yu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Additive manufacturing enables highly efficient cooling fabrications such as triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS), which provides excellent heat transfer per unit volume. In a wedge-shaped channel representing trailing edge turbine blade cooling, conventional pin fins are replaced with different TPMS structures due to their topological features to enhance the flow mixing and heat transfer, strengthen the structural integrity, and reduce the manufacturing material. The turbulent flow and heat transfer characteristics of solid- and sheet-based TPMS models, including gyroid, diamond, and Schoen-I-graph and wrapped package (IWP), are numerically investigated. The heat transfer, pressure loss, and thermal performance are compared at Reynolds numbers of 10,000–30,000. Notably, among the studied TPMS structures, the diamond-sheet structure is selected as the optimal model. Compared to the baseline pin fin structure at an equal Reynolds number, it remarkably increases the overall heat transfer by up to 163.2%, the pressure loss by 181.8%, and the thermal performance by up to 77.3%. The numerical results indicate that the gyroid- and diamond-sheet structures effectively organize and interact with the cooling fluid, reducing low-velocity recirculation flow in the tip region of the trailing edge. The flow in the diamond-sheet network is distributed more evenly from the root to the tip region, improving the temperature uniformity throughout the channel. Overall, the diamond-sheet TPMS structure could effectively improve the heat transfer performance, temperature uniformity, and structural integrity in the turbine blades' trailing edge, thereby potentially extending the durability of the turbine blades.
Characterization of Head Acceleration Exposure During Youth Football Practice Drills
Authors: Holcomb Ty D. , Marks Madison E. , Stewart Pritchard N. , Miller Logan , Espeland Mark A. , Miles Christopher M. , Moore Justin B. , Foley Kristie L. , Stitzel Joel D. , Urban Jillian E. 
Published: April 2023

Many head acceleration events (HAEs) observed in youth football emanate from a practice environment. This study aimed to evaluate HAEs in youth football practice drills using a mouthpiece-based sensor, differentiating between inertial and direct HAEs. Head acceleration data were collected from athletes participating on 2 youth football teams (ages 11–13 y) using an instrumented mouthpiece-based sensor during all practice sessions in a single season. Video was recorded and analyzed to verify and assign HAEs to specific practice drill characteristics, including drill intensity, drill classification, and drill type. HAEs were quantified in terms of HAEs per athlete per minute and peak linear and rotational acceleration and rotational velocity. Mixed-effects models were used to evaluate the differences in kinematics, and generalized linear models were used to assess differences in HAE frequency between drill categories. A total of 3237 HAEs were verified and evaluated from 29 football athletes enrolled in this study. Head kinematics varied significantly between drill categorizations. HAEs collected at higher intensities resulted in significantly greater kinematics than lower-intensity drills. The results of this study add to the growing body of evidence informing evidence-based strategies to reduce head impact exposure and concussion risk in youth football practices.
The Effect of Sensor Placement on Measured Distal Tibial Accelerations During Running
Authors: Sara Lauren K. , Outerleys Jereme , Johnson Caleb D. 
Published: April 2023

Inertial measurement units (IMUs) attached to the distal tibia are a validated method of measuring lower-extremity impact accelerations, called tibial accelerations (TAs), in runners. However, no studies have investigated the effects of small errors in IMU placement, which would be expected in real-world, autonomous use of IMUs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a small proximal shift in IMU location on mean TAs and relationships between TAs and ground reaction force loading rates. IMUs were strapped to 18 injury-free runners at a specified standard location (∼1 cm proximal to medial malleolus) and 2 cm proximal to the standard location. TAs and ground reaction forces were measured while participants ran at self-selected and 10% slower/faster speeds. Mean TA was lower at the standard versus proximal IMU location in the faster running condition (P = .026), but similar in the slower (P = .643) and self-selected conditions (P = .654). Mean TAs measured at the standard IMU explained more variation in ground reaction force loading rates (r2 = .79−.90; P < .001) compared with those measured at the proximal IMU (r2 = .65−.72; P < .001). These results suggest that careful attention should be given to IMU placement when measuring TAs during running.
Psychological recovery and well-being of spouses of patients with prostate cancer 5 years after primary treatment in Finland: a follow-up survey
Authors: Lehto Ulla-Sisko , Aromaa Arpo , Tammela Teuvo 
Published: April 2023

Objective and settingTo study longitudinally cancer-related experiences of spouses of patients with prostate cancer and the predictors of their psychological recovery and quality of life (QOL) by following the participants of our previous survey at primary cancer treatment in a university hospital.DesignA 5-year longitudinal cohort design.Participants and procedureA follow-up questionnaire was mailed to the female spouses/partners who participated in our previous survey (n=104). We quantitatively explored the spouses’ prostate cancer-related experiences since the previous survey and measured their current psychological symptom distress and well-being/QOL. Seventy-seven (74%) of the initial participants responded.OutcomesThe main outcome measures were the spouses’ psychological recovery (psychological symptoms at the initial survey vs currently) and well-being/QOL (depressive symptoms, domains of QOL) at 5 years. We analysed their predictors with regression analyses.ResultsThe treatment had been prostatectomy in 70% of the patients. Psychological distress had alleviated in 76% of spouses (p<0.001) and emotional changes decreased (p=0.02), but a deteriorating impact on the partnership (from 4% to 16%) and on sex life (‘strong impact’ from 23% to 37%) had increased. The outcomes were inversely associated with negative depression-related psychological symptoms and emotional changes either initially or at follow-up. However, some early experiences also predicted the outcomes when other factors were controlled for. Prostate cancer-related information received by the spouses from several sources (leaflets/handouts, TV/radio, internet) predicted better recovery and well-being/QOL, whereas the patients’ prostate cancer and treatment-related symptoms (pain, irritability/anger, bowel dysfunction) predicted poorer recovery and well-being/QOL in spouses.ConclusionsA major negative impact of prostate cancer was experienced by the spouses still 5 years after primary treatment. Early prostate cancer-related experiences predicted long-term psychological recovery and QOL. Responding to the early information needs of spouses and effective symptom management for the patients are likely to enhance the spouses’ long-term recovery and well-being.
Early childhood parent-reported speech problems in small and large for gestational age term-born and preterm-born infants: a cohort study
Authors: Jee Gabrielle , Kotecha Sarah Joanne , Chakraborty Mallinath , Kotecha Sailesh , Odd David 
Published: April 2023

Objective(1) To assess if preterm and term small for gestational age (SGA) or large for gestational age (LGA) infants have more parent-reported speech problems in early childhood compared with infants with birth weights appropriate for gestational age (AGA). (2) To assess if preterm and term SGA and LGA infants have more parent-reported learning, behavioural, hearing, movement and hand problems in early childhood compared with AGA infants.DesignCohort study.SettingWales, UK.Participants7004 children with neurodevelopmental outcomes from the Respiratory and Neurological Outcomes of Children Born Preterm Study which enrolled 7129 children, born from 23 weeks of gestation onwards, to mothers aged 18–50 years of age were included in the analysis.Outcome measuresParent-reported single-answer questionnaires were completed in 2013 to assess early childhood neurodevelopmental outcomes. The primary outcome was parent-reported speech problems in early childhood adjusted for clinical and demographic confounders in SGA and LGA infants compared with AGA infants. Secondary outcomes measured were parent-reported early childhood learning, behavioural, hearing, movement and hand problems.ResultsMedian age at the time of study was 5 years, range 2–10 years. Although the adjusted OR was 1.19 (0.92 to 1.55) for SGA infants and OR 1.11 (0.88 to 1.41) for LGA infants, this failed to reach statistical significance that these subgroups were more likely to have parent-reported speech problems in early childhood compared with AGA infants. This study also found parent-reported evidence suggestive of potential learning difficulties in early childhood (OR 1.51 (1.13 to 2.02)) and behavioural problems (OR 1.35 (1.01 to 1.79)) in SGA infants.ConclusionThis study of 7004 infants in Wales suggests that infants born SGA or LGA likely do not have higher risks of parent-reported speech problems in early childhood compared with infants born AGA. To further ascertain this finding, studies with wider population coverage and longer-term follow-up would be needed.