bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of smooth shape defects in waveguides using locally resonant frequencies
Authors: Niclas Angèle , Seppecher Laurent 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This article aims to present a new method to reconstruct slowly varying width defects in 2D waveguides using locally resonant frequencies. At these frequencies, locally resonant modes propagate in the waveguide under the form of Airy functions depending on a parameter called the locally resonant point. In this particular point, the local width of the waveguide is known and its location can be recovered from boundary measurements of the wavefield. Using the same process for different frequencies, we produce a good approximation of the width in all the waveguide. Given multi-frequency measurements taken at the surface of the waveguide, we provide a

L

∞

-stable explicit method to reconstruct the width of the waveguide. We finally validate our method on numerical data, and we discuss its applications and limits.
A mixed element scheme for the Helmholtz transmission eigenvalue problem for anisotropic media
Authors: Liu Qing , Li Tiexiang , Zhang Shuo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we study the Helmholtz transmission eigenvalue problem for inhomogeneous anisotropic media with the index of refraction

n
(
x
)
≡
1

in two and three dimensions. Starting with the nonlinear fourth-order formulation established by Cakoni et al 2009 J. Integral Equ. Appl.
21 203–27, we present an equivalent mixed formulation for this problem with auxiliary variables, followed by finite element discretization. Using the proposed scheme, we rigorously show that the optimal convergence rate for the transmission eigenvalues on both convex and nonconvex domains can be expected. With this scheme, we obtain a sparse generalized eigenvalue problem whose size is too demanding, even with a coarse mesh that its smallest few real eigenvalues fail to be solved by the shift and invert method. We partially overcome this critical issue by deflating nearly all of the

∞

eigenvalues with huge multiplicity, resulting in a marked reduction in the matrix size without deteriorating the sparsity. Extensive numerical examples are reported to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed scheme.
Probing onset of nuclear vaporisation in heavy-ion collisions
Authors: Dhillon Navjot K , Rana Rajat , Sucheta  , Gautam Sakshi , Puri Rajeev K 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The onset of nuclear vaporisation in heavy-ion collisions is examined in the present study. For this, we perform quantum molecular dynamics (QMD) model calculations supplemented with a clusterisation algorithm for fragment identification, namely the Simulated Annealing Clusterization algorithm (SACA) approach. Our results with the very sophisticated SACA method show a good agreement with the experimental findings of vaporisation (predicted by the asymptotic behaviour of the average fragment charge) in 16O + 80Br and 16O + 107Ag collisions. Further, we predicted the energy of the onset of vaporisation for 40Ca + 40Ca, 84Kr + 84Kr, 132Xe + 132Xe and 197Au + 197Au collisions by investigating the gas/liquid content and probability of vaporisation (and its derivative) versus the incident energy behaviour. These two observables probe the critical point of nuclear vaporisation in an extremely sophisticated manner, relative to an average fragment charge. Our findings on these two novel variables to predict the energy of the onset of vaporisation is verifiable in experiments. The influence of the colliding geometry as well as the role of Coulomb interactions are also studied to understand the system size effects on nuclear vaporisation.
Polaron induced local spin texture and anomalous Hall effect in the quadrilateral prism-shaped nanotube with Rashba and Dresselhaus spin–orbit coupling
Authors: Zhang Longlong , Pan Deng , Zhu Shilei , Li Shiqi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We theoretically study the spin-texture dynamics and the transverse asymmetric charge deflection induced by the polaron in a quadrilateral prism-shaped nanotube with the Rashba and Dresselhaus spin–orbit coupling (SOC). We reveal the polaron gives rise to the nontrivial local spin textures in the nanotube within the cross section plane. The spins demonstrate oscillations and the oscillating patterns are dependent on the SOC type. For the nanotube containing a segment of the ferromagnetic domain, the sizable asymmetric charge deflections could additionally take place, namely, the anomalous Hall effect. The amount of the deflected charges is determined by the strength and orientations of the ferromagnetic magnetization as well as the SOC type. The work provides a valuable insight of the coherent transport of polaron through a quasi-one-dimensional nanotube with Rashba and Dresselhaus SOC and open avenues for the potential device applications.
Stability of DNA and RNA hairpins: a comparative study based on ox-DNA
Authors: Yang Chao , Song Xiaoya , Feng Yuyu , Zhao Guangju , Liu Yanhui 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAdvances in single-molecule experiments on macromolecular crowding urgently need an efficient simulation method to resolve their discrepancies quantitatively. Ox-DNA model has been since reworked to treat the thermodynamics and mechanical properties of DNA/RNA hairpin at a stretching force. In hopping experiments, the critical forces of RNA hairpins at different temperatures are greater than those of DNA hairpins, in addition, the Gibbs free energy at a fixed temperature required to convert an RNA hairpin into a single-stranded molecule at zero force is obviously greater than that of DNA hairpin and gradually decreases by increasing the temperature. As far as force-ramping experiments are concerned, the first-rupture forces of RNA/DNA hairpins corresponding to the maximum probability density linearly pertain to the force-loading rate, with those of RNA hairpins being greater. The extended ox-DNA model could potentially identify the interaction between biologically inert polymer and RNA/DNA hairpins in crowded environments.
Global solutions to the free boundary value problem of a chemotaxis-Navier–Stokes system
Authors: Hou Qianqian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the global solvability of the chemotaxis-Navier–Stokes system on a three-dimensional moving domain of finite depth, bounded below by a rigid flat bottom and bounded above by the free surface. Completing the system with physical boundary conditions on the free surface that match the boundary descriptions in the experiments and numerical simulations, we establish the global existence and uniqueness of solutions near a constant state

(
0
,

c
ˆ

,
0
)

, where

c
ˆ

is the saturation value of the oxygen on the free surface. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first analytical work for the well-posedness of chemotaxis-Navier–Stokes system on a time-dependent domain.
The rigid unit mode model: review of ideas and applications
Authors: Tan Lei , Heine Volker , Li Gong , Dove Martin T 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We review a set of ideas concerning the flexibility of network materials, broadly defined as structures in which atoms form small polyhedral units that are connected at corners. One clear example is represented by the family of silica polymorphs, with structures composed of corner-linked SiO4 tetrahedra. The rigid unit mode (RUM) is defined as any normal mode in which the structural polyhedra can translate and/or rotate without distortion, and since forces associated with changing the size and shape of the polyhedra are much stronger than those associated with rotations of two polyhedra around a shared vertex, the RUMs might be expected to have low frequencies compared to all other phonon modes. In this paper we discuss the flexibility of network structures, and how RUMs can arise in such structures, both in principle and in a number of specific examples of real systems. We also discuss applications of the RUM model, particularly for our understanding of phenomena such as displacive phase transitions and negative thermal expansion in network materials.
In-field strain and temperature measurements in a (RE)Ba2Cu3O7−x coil via Rayleigh-backscattering interrogated optical fibers
Authors: Scurti F , Velez C , Kelly A , Ishmael S , Schwartz J 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
(RE)Ba2Cu3O7-x (REBCO) conductors have overcome technical challenges related to manufacturing quality, length homogeneity, scale-up of piece-length, and joints. There is one remaining technical challenge, however, which is common to all high temperature superconductors and lies in effective detection of failure to prevent material degradation. An innovative technique based on optical fibers interrogated by Rayleigh backscattering has been shown to have advantages over voltage taps at detecting incipient faults. Prior work has experimentally demonstrated the technique in several implementation scenarios, including direct integration of optical fibers into superconducting conductors and cables to create a class of ‘SMART’ conductors and cables that are able to monitor their own health. In this paper, the magnet monitoring technique based on Rayleigh backscattering interrogated optical fibers has been experimentally studied in a model coil subject to external magnetic field, where different fiber integration methods are used to increase selectivity of the fiber sensor to temperature. Results show that the spectral shift displays different features during strain and thermal transients. The implications of the results in terms of potential and limitations of each sensor as well as strain-temperature decoupling are discussed.
Engineering non-Markovianity from defect-phonon interactions
Authors: González Francisco J , Tancara Diego , Dinani Hossein T , Coto Raúl , Norambuena Ariel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Understanding defect-phonon interactions in solid-state devices is crucial for improving our current knowledge of quantum platforms. In this work, we develop first-principles calculations for a defect composed of two spin-

1

/

2

particles that interact with phonon modes in a one-dimensional lattice. We follow a bottom-up approach that begins with a dipolar magnetic interaction to ultimately derive the spectral density function and time-local master equation that describes the open dynamics of the defect. We provide theoretical and numerical analysis for the non-Markovian (NM) features of the defect-phonon dynamics induced by a pure dephasing channel acting on the Bell basis. Finally, we analyze two measures of NM based on the canonical rates and Coherence, shedding more light on the role of the spectral density function and temperature; and envisioning experimental realizations.
Modeling of plasma beta effects on the island divertor transport in the standard configuration of W7-X
Authors: Xu S. , Liang Y. , Knieps A. , Zhou S. , Feng Y. , Reiter D. , Suzuki Y. , Jia M. , Geiger J. , Reimold F. , König R. , Dinklage A. , Harting D. , Luo Y. , Drews P. , Jakubowski M. , Gao Y. , Pasch E. , Pandey A. , Langenberg A. , Pablant N. , Brezinsek S. , Wang E. , Liu S. , Xiang H.M. , Neubauer O. , Huang J. , Cai J. , Yang J. , Liu J. , Liao L. , Gao Y.C. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The influence of plasma beta effects on the edge plasma transport in the Wendelstein 7-X standard configuration is studied systematically by using EMC3-EIRENE combined with a 3D equilibrium code named HINT. The magnetic topology changes induced by plasma beta effects are significantly reflected in plasma transport behaviors and heat flux patterns on divertor targets. After validating the modeling strategy by comparisons with experimental data, the extended simulations for high performance plasmas show that the threshold separatrix density for accessing the power detachment is reduced in higher beta plasmas. Compared with the vacuum field case, the impurity radiation distributions with finite beta effects are modified in the magnetic island region. The divertor heat flux is distributed more evenly along the toroidal direction on the strike line at the vertical target. The strike line on the horizontal target moves towards the pumping gap with an increase in the plasma beta. In addition, the different pressure profiles with the same central beta also result in a modified heat flux pattern on the divertor targets.
A large facility for photosensors test at cryogenic temperature
Authors: Balmforth Z. , Basco A. , Boiano A. , Canci N. , de Asmundis R. , Di Capua F. , Fiorillo G. , Grauso G. , Matteucci G. , Pandalone A. , Sandford E. , Suvorov Y. , Tortone G. , Vanzanella A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Current generation of detectors using noble gases in liquid phase for direct dark matter search and neutrino physics need large area photosensors. Silicon based photo-detectors are innovative light collecting devices and represent a successful technology in these research fields. The DarkSide collaboration started a dedicated development and customization of SiPM technology for its specific needs resulting in the design, production and assembly of large surface modules of 20 × 20 cm2 named Photo Detection Unit for the DarkSide-20k experiment. Production of a large number of such devices, as needed to cover about 20 m2 of active surface inside the DarkSide-20k detector, requires a robust testing and validation process. In order to match this requirement a dedicated test facility for photosensors was designed and commissioned at INFN-Naples laboratory. The first commissioning test was successfully performed in 2021. Since then a number of testing campaigns were performed. Detailed description of the facility is reported as well as results of some tests.
The CMAM facility for proton-therapy pre-clinical studies: biomaterial irradiation experiments
Authors: Viñals S. , García G. , Magro R. , Manso M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
CMAM is a multidisciplinary-oriented scientific facility based on the operation of a 5 MV tandem ion accelerator and a suite of six beamlines, along with complementary infrastructures and scientific tools. This work describes CMAM, highlighting some of the present and future collaborations and standing out radiobiology (in particular Proton-therapy) as a strategic research line with high societal relevance. Proton-therapy has been, since the last thirty years, an alternative to conventional radio-treatment to heal or control radio-resistant cancers or tumours near sensitive organs such as spinal cord or brain tumours. The research in this field has a multidisciplinary approach since biologist, chemists and physicist must work together to detangle the different effects that are produced by the radiation. Flexible facilities such as CMAM may play a very relevant role in order to develop further basic knowledge and as a training field for students to this type of investigation. As an example of this, a preliminary radiobiology experiment is briefly described, in which a non-alive material with a similar composition than a cell culture was used to see the effects of the radiation and it was developed the basic methodologies for dose delivery and proton range control. The experiment was also used as a training practice for students in the framework of the INFIERI school conducted at Universidad Autónoma de Madrid in Summer 2021.
Digital signal processing for neutron-gamma discrimination using a liquid scintillator detector
Authors: Biganeh A. , Azizi M. , Kakuee O. , Rafi-Kheiri H. , Sedaghati Boorkhani M. , Ghasemi B. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Digital signal processing has shown promise as a reliable approach for nuclear radiation spectroscopy. In this paper, the charge-to-digital conversion technique was applied to neutron-gamma discrimination. The method is based on the direct comparison of the charge at the fast and slow components of the anode signal of the scintillator detector. The performance of the technique was tested using experimental investigation by 252Cf source and D-D neutron generator. The minimum detectable energy for reasonable separation was found to be around 0.2 MeVee. The FOM of the discrimination parameter was maximized by the optimum selection of the charge integration parameters. Excellent discrimination between neutron and gamma signals was confirmed by the presented setup. The results confirmed that the presented technique can replace analog nuclear electronics conventionally uses for pulse shape discrimination.
Novel biochemical aspects of lugdulysin, a Staphylococcus lugdunensis metalloprotease that inhibits formation and disrupts protein biofilm of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Martinez Juan Pinheiro de Oliveira , Vazquez Leonardo , Takeyama Matheus Mikio , dos Santos Filho Tarcizio José , Cavalcante Fernanda Sampaio , Guimarães Lorrayne Cardoso , Pereira Eliezer Menezes , dos Santos Katia Regina Netto 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Staphylococcus lugdunensis produces lugdulysin, a metalloprotease that may contribute to its virulence. This study aimed to evaluate the biochemical aspects of lugdulysin and investigate its effect on Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. The protease was isolated and characterized for its optimal pH and temperature, hydrolysis kinetics, and influence of metal cofactor supplementation. The protein structure was determined via homology modeling. The effect on S. aureus biofilms was assessed by the micromethod technique. The protease optimal pH and temperature were 7.0 and 37 °C, respectively. EDTA inhibited protease activity, confirming it as a metalloprotease. Lugdulysin activity was not recovered by divalent ion supplementation post-inhibition, and supplementation with divalent ions did not change enzymatic activity. The isolated enzyme was stable for up to 3 h. Lugdulysin significantly inhibited the formation and disrupted preestablished protein-matrix MRSA biofilm. This preliminary study indicates that lugdulysin has a potential role as a competition mechanism and/or modulation of staphylococcal biofilm.
Grandparental co-residence and grandchild survival: the role of resource competition in a pre-industrial population
Authors: Chapman Simon , Danielsbacka Mirkka , Tanskanen Antti O , Lahdenperä Mirkka , Pettay Jenni , Lummaa Virpi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Although grandparents are and have been important alloparents to their grandchildren, they are not necessarily only beneficial but can also compete with grandchildren over limited resources. Competition over parental care or other resources may exist especially if grandparents live in the same household with grandchildren and it can be dependent on grandchild age. By utilizing demographic data collected from historic population registers in Finland between 1761 and 1895 (study sample n = 4041) we investigate whether grandparents living in the same household with grandchildren are detrimental or beneficial for grandchild survival. Having a living but not co-residing grandmother or grandfather were both associated with better survival whereas having a co-resident grandfather was associated with lower chance to survive for infants (age &lt; 1 year). Separating the effect between maternal and paternal grandparents and grandmothers and grandfathers revealed no differences in the effects between lineages. Negative effect of having a co-residing grandfather was not significant when grandfathers were separated for lineage specific models. These results implicate that accounting for the co-residence status and child’s age, grandparents were mostly beneficial when not co-residing with very young children and that having a co-residing grandfather at that age could be associated with lower chances to survive. Predictions made by grandmother hypothesis and resource competition both received support. The results presented here also offered comparison points to preindustrial and contemporary three-generational families.
Disrupted multi-scale topological organization of directed functional brain networks in patients with disorders of consciousness
Authors: Guo Yu , Cao Bolin , He Yanbin , Xie Qiuyou , Liang Qimei , Lan Yue , Zhang Mingxian , Qiu Yidan , Yu Ronghao , Huang Ruiwang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDisorders of consciousness are impaired states of consciousness caused by severe brain injuries. Previous resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have reported abnormal brain network properties at different topological scales in patients with disorders of consciousness by using graph theoretical analysis. However, it is still unclear how inter-regional directed propagation activities affect the topological organization of functional brain networks in patients with disorders of consciousness. To reveal the altered topological organization in patients with disorders of consciousness, we constructed whole-brain directed functional networks by combining functional connectivity analysis and time delay estimation. Then we performed graph theoretical analysis based on the directed functional brain networks at three topological scales, from the nodal scale, the resting-state network scale to the global scale. Finally, the canonical correlation analysis was used to determine the correlations between altered topological properties and clinical scores in patients with disorders of consciousness. At the nodal scale, we observed decreased in-degree and increased out-degree in the precuneus in patients with disorders of consciousness. At the resting-state network scale, the patients with disorders of consciousness showed reorganized motif patterns within the default mode network and between the default mode network and other resting-state networks. At the global scale, we found a lower global clustering coefficient in the patients with disorders of consciousness than in the controls. The results of the canonical correlation analysis showed that the abnormal degree and the disrupted motif were significantly correlated with the clinical scores of the patients with disorders of consciousness. Our findings showed that consciousness impairment can be revealed by abnormal directed connection patterns at multiple topological scales in the whole brain, and the disrupted directed connection patterns may serve as clinical biomarkers to assess the dysfunction of patients with disorders of consciousness.