bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Pampa del Indio project: District-wide quasi-elimination of Triatoma infestans after a 9-year intervention program in the Argentine Chaco
Authors: Gürtler Ricardo Esteban , Gaspe María Sol , Macchiaverna Natalia Paula , Enriquez Gustavo Fabián , Rodríguez-Planes Lucía Inés , Fernández María del Pilar , Provecho Yael Mariana , Cardinal Marta Victoria 
Published: April 2023

Background
The elimination of Triatoma infestans, the main domestic vector of Trypanosoma cruzi, is lagging behind expectations in the Gran Chaco region. We implemented an insecticide-based intervention program and assessed its long-term effects on house infestation and bug abundance in a resource-constrained municipality (Pampa del Indio, northeastern Argentina) inhabited by creole and the Qom indigenous people (2007–2016). Key questions were whether district-wide data integration revealed patterns concealed at lower spatial levels; to what extent preintervention infestation and pyrethroid resistance challenged the effectiveness of insecticide-based control efforts, and how much control effort was needed to meet defined targets.

Methods
Supervised vector control teams i) georeferenced every housing unit at baseline (1,546); ii) evaluated house infestation using timed-manual searches with a dislodging aerosol across four rural areas designated for district-wide scaling up; iii) sprayed with pyrethroid insecticide 92.7% of all houses; iv) periodically monitored infestation and promoted householder-based surveillance, and v) selectively sprayed the infested houses, totaling 1,823 insecticide treatments throughout the program.

Results
Baseline house infestation (mean, 26.8%; range, 14.4–41.4%) and bug abundance plummeted over the first year postintervention (YPI). Timed searches at baseline detected 61.4–88.0% of apparent infestations revealed by any of the methods used. Housing dynamics varied widely among areas and between Qom and creole households. Preintervention triatomine abundance and the cumulative frequency of insecticide treatments were spatially aggregated in three large clusters overlapping with pyrethroid resistance, which ranged from susceptible to high. Persistent foci were suppressed with malathion. Aggregation occurred mainly at house compound or village levels. Preintervention domestic infestation and abundance were much greater in Qom than in creole households, whereas the reverse was recorded in peridomestic habitats. House infestation, rare (1.9–3.7%) over 2–6 YPI, averaged 0.66% (95% confidence interval, 0.28–1.29%) at endpoint.

Conclusions
Upscale integration revealed multiple coupled heterogeneities (spatial, sociodemographic and biological) that reflect large inequalities, hamper control efforts, and provide opportunities for targeted, sustainable disease control. High-coverage, professional insecticide spraying combined with systematic surveillance-and-response were essential ingredients to achieve the quasi-elimination of T. infestans within 5 YPI and concomitant transmission blockage despite various structural threats and constraints.
A recombinant rabies virus chimera expressing the DC-targeting molecular MAB2560 shows enhanced vaccine immunogenicity through activation of dendritic cells
Authors: Gong Zhiyuan , Huang Pei , Jin Hongli , Bai Yujie , Li Hailun , Qian Meichen , Sun Jingxuan , Jiao Cuicui , Zhang Mengyao , Li Yuanyuan , Zhang Haili , Wang Hualei 
Published: April 2023

Background
Rabies, caused by the rabies virus (RABV), is an ancient and neglected zoonotic disease posing a large public health threat to humans and animals in developing countries. Immunization of animals with a rabies vaccine is the most effective way to control the epidemic and the occurrence of the disease in humans. Therefore, the development of cost-effective and efficient rabies vaccines is urgently needed. The activation of dendritic cells (DCs) is known to play an important role in improving the host immune response induced by rabies vaccines.

Methodology/Principal findings
In this study, we constructed a recombinant virus, rCVS11-MAB2560, based on the reverse genetic system of the RABV CVS11 strain. The MAB2560 protein (a DC-targeting molecular) was chimeric expressed on the surface of the viral particles to help target and activate the DCs when this virus was used as inactivated vaccine. Our results demonstrated that inactivated rCVS11-MAB2560 was able to promote the recruitment and/or proliferation of DC cells, T cells and B cells in mice, and induce good immune memory after two immunizations. Moreover, the inactivated recombinant virus rCVS11-MAB2560 could produce higher levels of virus-neutralizing antibodies (VNAs) in both mice and dogs more quickly than rCVS11 post immunization.

Conclusions/Significance
In summary, the recombinant virus rCVS11-MAB2560 chimeric-expressing the molecular adjuvant MAB2560 can stimulate high levels of humoral and cellular immune responses in vivo and can be used as an effective inactivated rabies vaccine candidate.
Association between oral frailty and cystatin C-related indices—A questionnaire (OFI-8) study in general internal medicine practice
Authors: Kusunoki Hiroshi , Ekawa Kazumi , Kato Nozomi , Yamasaki Keita , Motone Masaharu , Shinmura Ken , Yoshihara Fumiki , Shimizu Hideo 
Published: April 2023

Background
Cystatin C-related indices such as the ratio of creatinine to cystatin C (Cr/CysC) and the ratio of estimated glomerular filtration rate by cystatin C (eGFRcys) to creatinine eGFRcre (eGFRcys/eGFRcre) levels have been shown to be associated with muscle mass and strength and can be markers of sarcopenia. Oral frailty is defined as an age-related gradual loss of oral functions, accompanied by a decline in cognitive and physical functions. It results in adverse health-related outcomes in older age, including mortality, physical frailty, functional disability, poor quality of life, and increased hospitalization and falls. Therefore, poor oral health among the elderly is an important health concern due to its association with the pathogenesis of systemic frailty, suggesting it to be a multidimensional geriatric syndrome. The Oral Frailty Index-8 (OFI-8) is a questionnaire that can be used for easy screening of oral frailty. This study aimed to investigate whether cystatin C- related indices are different between patients with low to moderate risk of oral frailty and those at high risk of oral frailty, using the OFI-8 in attending a general internal medicine outpatient clinic.

Materials and methods
This is a cross-sectional study that included 251 patients with a mean age of 77.7±6.6 years and a median age of 77 years (128 men: mean age, 77.1±7.3 years; median age, 77 years and 123 women: mean age, 78.4±5.7 years; median age, 78 years) attending general internal medicine outpatient clinics. OFI-8 scores were tabulated by gender to determine whether there were differences between patients at low to moderate risk of oral frailty (OFI-8 score ≤3 points) and those at high risk (OFI-8 score ≥4 points) in Cr/CysC, eGFRcys/eGFRcre levels, height, weight, grip strength, etc. were examined.

Results
The OFI-8 score was higher in women than in men, suggesting that oral frailty is more common in women. Cr/CysC, eGFRcys/eGFRcre and grip strength were significantly lower in both men and women in the high-risk group for oral frailty (OFI-8 score ≥ 4). Height, hemoglobin level, red blood cell count, and serum albumin levels were significantly lower in men with an OFI-8 score ≥4. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis also showed that Cr/CysC and eGFRcys/eGFRcre were significantly associated with an OFI-8 score≥4 in both men and women.

Conclusion
Cr/CysC and eGFRcys/eGFRcre were significantly lower in the high-risk group for oral frailty on the OFI-8in both men and women. A relationship exists among cystatin C-related indices, which can effectively screen systemic frailty. Similarly, the OFI-8 score can be used to effectively screen oral frailty. Thus, a collaboration that incorporates both systemic and oral frailty from medical and dental perspectives is required.
Intimate partner violence screening during COVID-19
Authors: Hoffman Rebecka May , Ryus Caitlin , Tiyyagura Gunjan , Jubanyik Karen 
Published: April 2023

Objectives
Emergency Department (ED) screening for intimate partner violence (IPV) is typically nursing-initiated, often with visitors present. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, we have seen both an increase in societal stress, a known exacerbator of IPV, and the implementation of visitor restriction policies. This combination presents the need for enhanced IPV screening and the opportunity to perform screening in a controlled, patient-only environment. Our goal was to evaluate the frequency of nurse-initiated screening for IPV prior to and during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the frequency of positive screens for IPV.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study evaluating all adults (age >18 years) presenting to a tertiary care center ED. Patients were identified as presenting prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (June 1, 2019 to August 31, 2019) and after the COVID-19 visitor restriction policies (June 1, 2020 to August 31, 2020). Descriptive statistics were performed using chi-square and t-tests compared the demographic variables. Chi-square was used for a bivariate analysis of our primary outcomes (IPV screening performed and screening positive for IPV). Further analysis was done using a binary logistic regression model adjusting for the demographic characteristics.

Results
Both the odds of nursing-initiated IPV screening and the odds of verbally screening positive for IPV significantly increased (OR 1.509, 95% CI 1.432–1.600) and (OR 1.375, 95% CI 1.126–1.681) respectively following the implementation of COVID-19 visitor restriction policies.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that nurse-initiated IPV screening should continue to be performed with the patient privately, even after COVID-19 related ED visitor restrictions are removed. These findings also support the hypothesis that the stress related to COVID-19 is contributing to a rise in IPV.
Frailty status and associated factors among older PLHIV in Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Woldesemayat Endrias Markos , St Clair-Sullivan Natalie , Kassa Andargachew , Gari Taye , Gutema Keneni , Chea Nana , Woubshet Kindie , Bogale Netsanet , Assefa Amare , Vera Jaime 
Published: April 2023

Background
Studies addressing frailty are limited in the global south, including Ethiopia. We estimated the prevalence of frailty and associated factors among older people living with HIV (PLHIV) attending a large Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in southern Ethiopia.

Methods
A systematic sample of 187 PLHIV and 187 HIV-negative controls > 50 years old were recruited between October 1 and November 30, 2021. Data on socio-demographic, behavioural and clinical characteristics were collected using a structured questionnaire. Frailty assessments were completed using the brief frailty instrument (B-FIT-2), which consists of 6 components. Scoring 5–6 points was frail, 2–4 points were pre-frail and below 2 was considered as non-frail. Logistic regression model was used to measure association between variables.

Results
Median (IQR) age was 53 (50, 80) for PLWH and 59 (55–66) for controls. Prevalence of frailty was 9.1% for PLHIV Versus 5.9% for controls. A significant proportion of PLHIV was pre-frail; 141 (75.4%) compared to controls 110 (58.8%). Pre-frailty status was associated with HIV diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 4.2; 95% CI 1.8–9.9), low age (aOR 0.3; 95% CI 0.1–0.6), lower educational attainment (aOR 2.2; 95% CI 1.0–4.9), being farmer (aOR 3.2; 95% CI 1.0–10.2) and having high or low body mass index (BMI) (aOR 11.3; 95% CI 4.0–25.8). HIV diagnosis (aOR 9.7; 95% CI 1.6–56.8), age (aOR 0.2; 95% CI 0.1–0.7), lower educational attainment (aOR 5.2; 95% CI 1.5–18.2), single status (aOR 4.2; 95% CI 1.3–13.6), farmer (aOR 19.5; 95% CI 3.5–109.1) and high or low BMI (aOR 47.3; 95% CI 13.8–161.9) predicted frailty.

Conclusion
A high proportion of frailty and pre-frailty was observed in a cohort of older PLHIV attending care in Southern Ethiopia. Future research should focus on interventions targeting factors associated with frailty.
Assessment of factors affecting flicker ERGs recorded with RETeval from data obtained from health checkup screening
Authors: Inooka Taiga , Kominami Taro , Yasuda Shunsuke , Koyanagi Yoshito , Ota Junya , Okado Satoshi , Tomita Ryo , Ito Yasuki , Iwase Takeshi , Terasaki Hiroko , Nishiguchi Koji M. , Ueno Shinji 
Published: April 2023

Purpose
To determine the factors significantly associated with the amplitudes and implicit times of the flicker electroretinograms (ERGs) recorded with the RETeval system by analyzing the comprehensive data obtained during a health checkup screening.

Methods
Flicker ERGs were recorded with the RETeval system from 373 individuals who had a normal fundus and optical coherence tomography images. The sex, age, anthropometric, ophthalmologic, and hematologic data were collected from all participants who were 40- to 89-years-of-age. Univariable and multivariable linear mixed effects regression analyses were performed to identify factors that were significantly associated with the implicit times and amplitudes of the RETeval flicker ERGs.

Results
Univariable linear mixed effects regression analysis showed significant correlations between the implicit times and the best-corrected visual acuity, the age, the axial length, the blood sugar level, and the blood urea nitrogen level. Analyses by multivariable linear mixed effects regression identified that the axial length (β = 0.28), the age (β = 0.24), and the blood sugar level (β = 0.092) were three independent factors that were significantly correlated with the implicit times of the RETeval flicker ERGs. Univariable linear mixed effects regression analysis also showed significant correlations between the amplitudes of the RETeval flicker ERGs and the age, the platelet count, and the creatinine level. Multivariable linear mixed effects regression models identified the age (β = -0.092), the platelet count (β = 0.099), and the creatinine level (β = -0.12) as three independent factors that were significantly correlated with the amplitudes of the RETeval flicker ERGs. However, the smoking habits, body mass index, and the blood pressure were not significantly correlated with either the implicit times or amplitudes of the RETeval flicker ERGs.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that the age and some ophthalmologic and hematologic findings but not the anthropometric findings were significantly associated with the implicit times and amplitudes of the RETeval flicker ERGs. Thus, clinicians should remember these factors when analyzing the RETeval flicker ERGs.
Effects and limitations of home-based motor-control exercise for chronic low back pain: A single center prospective study
Authors: Hirota Ryosuke , Teramoto Atsushi , Murakami Takanori , Yoshimoto Mitsunori , Iesato Noriyuki , Yamashita Toshihiko 
Published: April 2023

Study designProspective single-center observational study.ObjectiveTo investigate the effects and limitations of self-motor-control exercise in patients with chronic low back pain.Summary of background dataAlthough exercise therapy and physical therapy have been shown to be effective in treating chronic low back pain, these therapies are often discontinued due to patients’ non-compliance, and their effectiveness cannot be fully demonstrated.MethodsFifteen patients with low back pain, no apparent organic disease, who had been symptomatic for at least three months, and could continue motor-control exercise at home for at least six months were included in the study. Low back pain (visual analog scale [VAS]), locomotor 25, stand-up test, two-step test, trunk and total body muscle mass by the impedance method, and spinal sagittal alignment were examined before the intervention to establish a baseline, and at two and six months after the intervention.ResultSignificant improvement was observed in the back pain VAS (p<0.01), stand-up test (p = 0.03), two-step test (p = 0.01), and locomotor 25 (p = 0.04) before and after the intervention. In contrast, there were no significant changes in muscle mass and sagittal alignment. The effect of long-term exercise was more pronounced in patients without spinal deformity.ConclusionsSelf-exercise for patients with chronic low back pain was effective in improving pain and function, although it did not directly affect muscle mass or alignment. Moreover, strength training of the lumbar back muscles alone was not found to be effective in patients with spinal deformities.
Comparison of nomogram for Primary Nonfunctional Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors based on the 7th vs 8th edition of the AJCC cancer staging manual
Authors: Heng Xin , Chen Baijun , Zhao Kui , Li Jun , Wu Weiyu , Peng Yan , Zhong Rui 
Published: April 2023

Background
Our study aimed to construct and validate prognostic nomograms for predicting survival for patients with Nonfunctional Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (NF-pNET).

Methods
This retrospective study included 1824 patients diagnosed with NF-pNET in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database between 2004 and 2016. Randomization divided the patients into training (n = 1278) and validation (n = 546) cohorts. Prognostic factors were determined using Cox regression analyses, nomograms based on AJCC 7th and 8th staging system were constructed separately. The prediction models were validated using internal validation and external validation.

Results
Age, year of diagnosis, primary tumor site, grade, 7th or 8th TNM stage, surgery, tumor size were determined as prognostic indicator to construct two nomograms. Harrell’s concordance index (C-index) of two nomograms exhibited a clinical predictive ability of 0.828 (95%CI, 0.808~0.849) vs 0.828 (95% CI, 0.808~0.849) in the internal verification. The c-index in the external validation was 0.812 (95%CI, 0.778~0.864) vs 0.814 (95% CI, 0.779~0.848). The predictive power of the two nomograms is comparable.

Conclusions
Our nomogram may be a effective tool for predicting overall survival in patients with NF-pNET. The AJCC 8th-edition system provides discrimination similar to that of the 7th-edition system.
Solid waste motor tricycle operators in Kumasi, Ghana, harbour respiratory pathogens; a public health threat
Authors: Armoh Stephen Yaw , Aryeetey Sherihane , Kamasah Japhet Senyo , Boahen Kennedy Gyau , Owusu Michael , Adjei-Boateng Augustina , Agbenyega Olivia , Kwarteng Alexander , Hingley-Wilson Suzanne , Obiri-Danso Kwasi , Ansong Daniel , Sylverken Augustina Angelina 
Published: April 2023

Background
The use of motor tricycles in transporting municipal solid waste (MSW) within urban and peri-urban towns in Ghana is on the increase. This activity often leads to the introduction of pathogen-containing bioaerosols into the environment, as well as to the tricycle operators. We sought to investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of respiratory pathogens among solid waste tricycle operators.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 155 solid waste transporters who use motor tricycles using semi-structured interviews. Nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained from participants and screened for respiratory pathogens using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).

Results
Pathogens detected in participants were SARS-CoV-2 (n = 10, 6.5%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 10, 6.5%), constituting an overall prevalence of 12.9% and co-infection rate of 1.3%. The most common self-reported symptoms were cough (n = 67, 43.2%), sore throat (n = 44, 28.4%) and difficulty in breathing (n = 22, 14.2%). Adherence to the use of gloves (n = 117, 75.5%) and nose mask (n = 110, 71.0%) was high. There was a significant association between the detection of respiratory pathogens and the use of gloves, use of more than one PPE and exposure to other pollutants (p < 0.05). Individuals who were exposed to “other pollutants” significantly had lower odds of becoming infected with respiratory pathogens (Adj. OR (95% CI): 0.119(0.015,0.938).

Conclusion
Although prevalence of respiratory pathogens is generally low, strict adherence to PPE use could further reduce its rates to even lower levels. Governmental health institutions and informal solid waste transporters should address challenges related to exposure to pollutants, use of gloves, and multiple PPE.
Beyond the Boundaries of Childhood: African American Children in the Antebellum North, Crystal Lynn Webster (2021)
Authors: Taylor Katie 
Published: April 2023

Review of: Beyond the Boundaries of Childhood: African American Children in the Antebellum North, Crystal Lynn Webster (2021)
Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 208 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-46966-323-4, p/bk, $24.95
ISBN 978-1-46966-322-7, h/bk, $95.00
Before Sunrise, Before Sunset, Before Midnight: A Philosophical Exploration, Hans Maes and Katrien Schaubroeck (Eds) (2021)
Authors: Dolby Aidan 
Published: April 2023

Review of: Before Sunrise, Before Sunset, Before Midnight: A Philosophical Exploration, Hans Maes and Katrien Schaubroeck (Eds) (2021)
London and New York: Routledge, 224 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-36720-439-6, p/bk, £27.99
PERFIL DAS FORMULAÇÕES PARA A PREVENÇÃO/TRATAMENTO DE ENVELHECIMENTO CUTÂNEO EM UMA FARMÁCIA DE MANIPULAÇÃO DO MUNICÍPIO DE VITÓRIA, ES, BRASIL
Authors: Juvenato Maria Eduarda Mendes , Lacerda Micael Íkaro Scherre Stofel de , Martins Fernanda Leite Pereira , Pinheiro Mariana Santos 
Published: April 2023

O conceito de beleza segue padrões em que a aparência jovem da pele é extremamente valorizada. No entanto, o envelhecimento cutâneo trata-se de um processo natural que ocorre devido a fatores intrínsecos (genéticos, hormonais) e extrínsecos (radiação solar, poluição, má alimentação), que resultam em manifestações como flacidez, rugas, marcas de expressão, manchas e ressecamento da pele. Os produtos magistrais são fortes aliados nesses tipos de tratamentos, pois permite aos prescritores associações de ativos que atuam em todas as manifestações de uma pele envelhecida, promovendo o seu rejuvenescimento, por meio de ativos firmadores, clareadores, hidratantes, antioxidantes, dentre outros. Esse trabalho objetivou traçar o perfil das formulações magistrais que foram dispensadas para o tratamento/prevenção do envelhecimento cutâneo. Como metodologia foi realizado um estudo descritivo, transversal, qualitativo, a partir da coleta de informações do Livro Geral de Formulações aviadas de março de 2021 a maio de 2021 de uma farmácia de manipulação de Vitória -ES. A pesquisa constatou que 16,4% das formulações de uso tópico são para envelhecimento cutâneo, sendo 64,6% dessas formulações prescritas por dermatologista, na qual apresenta como público predominantemente as mulheres. Os ativos de maior frequência foram ácido hialurônico, Cerasomosides e Hyaxel® e as formas farmacêuticas mais empregadas foram creme (27,3%) e gel (21,8%). No requisito, associações entre os ativos, 23,85% apresentaram incompatibilidades. Diante dos resultados obtidos faz-se necessário a constante atuação e capacitação do farmacêutico com o propósito de evitar possíveis erros nas formulações, que possam vir a prejudicar a efetividade e a segurança do tratamento, impactando na saúde do paciente.