bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Who pays, and how?
Authors: Macdonald David W. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter studies the costs of biodiversity conservation. For economic growth to be sustainable, humanity’s engagement with Nature must be sustainable, thereby enhancing our collective wealth and well-being and those of our descendants. The chapter looks at the value of natural capital and the significance of the Economic Full Life-cycle Analysis and protected areas to conservation. A specific economic instrument, payments for environmental services (PES), is increasingly relevant to biodiversity conservation. The chapter then considers three approaches to realigning global and local economic values: compensation and insurance schemes, revenue-sharing initiatives, and conservation payments. Other strategies include the establishment of funding models and small changes in ecosystem services.
What next?
Authors: Macdonald David W. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter reflects on the future of biodiversity conservation. Restoration, in ecology, is the science-based assisted recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged, or destroyed. Reintroduction involves putting a species of animal or plant back into a habitat from which it has been eliminated or, in the case of reinforcement, boosting its numbers where they are precariously low. Three other forms of conservation translocation are assisted colonization, ecological replacements, and rewilding. The chapter then considers the conservation of extinct-in-the-wild species; the challenge of rewilding Britain; and the reintroduction of wild boar, beaver, wolf, and lynx. It also highlights the role of international relations and geopolitics in biodiversity conservation.
Enchanted realism
Authors: Tansman Alan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
That the power of language was in a degenerated condition relative to the past has been the accepted poetic wisdom in every period of Japanese literary history. Lived language was always a shadow of some earlier, more vibrant way of writing. In the 1880s, a modern literary language—a language of realism—was being formed with the by now familiar goal of becoming a transparent medium; but now, its object was the revelation of the alienated modern self. Still, the prosaic quality of realism elicited dismay. How was the beauty of language to be salvaged? How was a writer to create a language that was a pellucid opening to the world of things, but that also reached beyond that world; how could one craft a language that was both quotidian and enchanted? These were perennial challenges throughout Japanese literary history.
Writing violence
Authors: Tansman Alan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The vibration of the world: in the fourteenth century, Buddhist monk and essayist Yoshida Kenkô evoked the realm of the invisible through the world of concrete things. His work was one aesthetic summit of this dominant strain of the tradition. How, then, did writers render the most concrete of experiences, that of violence? Through the centuries Japanese writers have also grappled with bringing literary form to the experience of violence, natural and man-made. Before the twentieth century, this steam of writing reached its apogee in the thirteenth-century Tale of Heike and An Account of My Hut, and in the eighteenth-century puppet plays of Chikamatsu Monzaemon. In these works, violence is rendered poetically and cast in a melancholy Buddhist light.
The spirit of wordplay
Authors: Tansman Alan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
It has been in the popular genres that Japanese literature also displayed its greatest flights of unbridled imagination. In the first decades of the twentieth century, detective fiction sometimes incorporated thinly disguised social critique: promoting the promise of science and rationality and the certainty of progress or indicting the judicial system. Detective fiction in Japan was not weighed down by generic constraints and could be used as a loose envelope for amalgamating ideas about urbanization, sexuality both conventional and perverse, science, ethics, war, and colonialism. In the 1930s, detective fiction engaged the vexing reality of Japanese colonial rule in the South Seas, Korea, Manchuria, and Taiwan. Popular fiction brought together streams of thought and culture in brilliantly creative and unexpected ways.
Listeria monocytogenes infection in pregnant macaques alters the maternal gut microbiome
Authors: Hugon Anna Marie , Deblois Courtney L , Simmons Heather A , Mejia Andres , Schotzo Michele L , Czuprynski Charles J , Suen Garret , Golos Thaddeus G 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The bacterium Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Infection occurs through consumption of contaminated food that is disseminated to the maternal–fetal interface. The influence on the gastrointestinal microbiome during Lm infection remains unexplored in pregnancy. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of listeriosis on the gut microbiota of pregnant macaques.

Methods
A non-human primate model of listeriosis in pregnancy has been previously described. Both pregnant and non-pregnant cynomolgus macaques were inoculated with Lm and bacteremia and fecal shedding were monitored for 14 days. Non-pregnant animal tissues were collected at necropsy to determine bacterial burden, and fecal samples from both pregnant and non-pregnant animals were evaluated by 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing.

Results
Unlike pregnant macaques, non-pregnant macaques did not exhibit bacteremia, fecal shedding, or tissue colonization by Lm. Dispersion of Lm during pregnancy was associated with a significant decrease in alpha diversity of the host gut microbiome, compared to non-pregnant counterparts. The combined effects of pregnancy and listeriosis were associated with a significant loss in microbial richness, although there were increases in some genera and decreases in others.

Conclusions
Although pregnancy alone is not associated with gut microbiome disruption, we observed dysbiosis with listeriosis during pregnancy. The macaque model may provide an understanding of the roles that pregnancy and the gut microbiota play in the ability of Lm to establish intestinal infection and disseminate throughout the host, thereby contributing to adverse pregnancy outcomes and risk to the developing fetus.
A metasystem approach to designing environmental flows
Authors: Messager Mathis L , Olden Julian D , Tonkin Jonathan D , Stubbington Rachel , Rogosch Jane S , Busch Michelle H , Little Chelsea J , Walters Annika W , Atkinson Carla L , Shanafield Margaret , Yu Songyan , Boersma Kate S , Lytle David A , Walker Richard H , Burrows Ryan M , Datry Thibault 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Accelerating the design and implementation of environmental flows (e-flows) is essential to curb the rapid, ongoing loss of freshwater biodiversity and the benefits it provides to people. However, the effectiveness of e-flow programs may be limited by a singular focus on ensuring adequate flow conditions at local sites, which overlooks the role of other ecological processes. Recent advances in metasystem ecology have shown that biodiversity patterns and ecosystem functions across river networks result from the interplay of local (environmental filtering and biotic interactions) and regional (dispersal) ecological processes. No guidelines currently exist to account for these processes in designing e-flows. We address this gap by providing a step-by-step operational framework that outlines how e-flows can be designed to conserve or restore metasystem dynamics. Our recommendations are relevant to diverse regulatory contexts and can improve e-flow outcomes even in basins with limited in situ data.
Case report: septic embolism through patent foramen ovale in mitral valve endocarditis
Authors: Abumehdi Mohammad , Spada Maraisa Fachini , Semple Thomas , di Salvo Giovanni , Fraisse Alain 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Infective endocarditis with septic emboli is a well-recognized sequala. However, emboli almost invariably are found ‘downstream’ to the vegetation. In the absence of congenital heart disease, the embolization from the left heart to the pulmonary circulation has never been described.

Case summary
A 4-year-old boy presents with a background history of pharyngitis treated with antibiotics. Upon ambulatory review, he is noted to have a new murmur. Transthoracic echocardiogram demonstrated mitral valve vegetation with severe mitral regurgitation; in addition, there was a patent foramen ovale (PFO), and there were no congenital heart defects. The patient was treated for infective endocarditis on high clinical suspicion. He subsequently developed septic pulmonary emboli in the absence of right-sided vegetation. Subsequent mitral valve vegetectomy, resection of infected native anterior mitral valve leaflet, mitral valve repair, and valvuloplasty. The patient made an excellent recovery following the completion of antibiotic therapy.

Discussion
Although not possible to confirm with certainty, this case demonstrates the most plausible explanation for this child's presentation being septic pulmonary emboli originating from left-sided heart vegetation migrating through a PFO.
Elevated arsenic level in fasting serum via ingestion of fish meat increased the risk of hypertension in humans and mice
Authors: Kagawa Takumi , Ohgami Nobutaka , He Tingchao , Tazaki Akira , Ohnuma Shoko , Naito Hisao , Yajima Ichiro , Chen Dijie , Deng Yuqi , Tamura Takashi , Kondo Takaaki , Wakai Kenji , Kato Masashi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Aims
There has been a shortage of human studies to elucidate the association between serum arsenic levels and the prevalence of hypertension. This study multidirectionally investigated associations among arsenic exposure, dietary ingestion, and the risk of hypertension by combined human epidemiological and mouse experimental studies.

Methods and results
This study focused on the total arsenic level in fasting serum, a biomarker of arsenic exposure. Associations among ingestion frequencies of 54 diet items of Japanese food separated into six categories, total arsenic level in fasting serum, and the prevalence of hypertension were investigated in 2709 general people in Japan. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated a dose-dependent association between serum arsenic level and hypertension and a positive association between the ingestion of fish meat and hypertension. Further analysis showed that the latter association was fully mediated by increased fasting serum arsenic levels in humans. Similarly, oral exposure to the putative human-equivalent dose of arsenic species mixture with the same ratios in a common fish meat in Japan increased systolic blood pressure and arsenic levels in fasting serum in mice.

Conclusion
This interdisciplinary approach suggests that fish-meat ingestion is a potential risk factor for arsenic-mediated hypertension. Because the increased consumption of fish meat is a recent global trend, health risks of the increased ingestion of arsenic via fish meat should be further investigated.
Clinical and economic outcomes of a systematic same-day discharge programme after pulmonary vein isolation: comparison between cryoballoon vs. radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Jimenez-Candil Javier , Hernandez Hernandez Jesus , Cruz Galban Alba , Blanco Fabian , Moriñigo Jose Luis , Sanchez García Manuel , Oterino Armando , Sanchez Pedro L 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Aims
Same-day discharge (SDD) is feasible after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). We aim to compare prospectively cryoballoon (CRYO) vs. radiofrequency (RF) ablation in a systematic SDD programme.

Methods and results
We prospectively analysed the 617 scheduled PVI performed consecutively at our institution (n = 377 CRYO, n = 240 RF) from 1 April 2019 to 31 December 2022 within a systematic programme of SDD. The feasibility of SDD, the 10-day incidence of urgent/unplanned medical care after discharge (UUC-10), and the cost per procedure due to hospital resource use were studied. The 100 procedures performed during the previous year, in which patients were systematically hospitalized, were used as a control group. Same-day discharge was achieved in 585/617 (95%) procedures, with a significant trend towards a higher monthly SDD rate from 2019 to 2022 (P = 0.03). The frequency of SDD was similar in CRYO (356/377; 94%) vs. RF (229/240; 95%). After SDD, the UUC-10 was 66/585 (11.3%), being similar for CRYO (41/356; 11.5%) and RF (25/229; 10.9%); P = 0.8 (log-rank test). Of these, 10 patients were re-hospitalized, with an identical rate in CRYO-treated (6/356; 1.7%) and RF-treated (4/229; 1.7%) patients and owing to similar causes (4 haematomas, 4 pericarditis, and 2 symptomatic sinus node dysfunction). Same-day discharge was associated with an average savings per procedure of 63% (P &lt; 0.001), but no differences were found between the CRYO and RF (P = 0.8).

Conclusion
In a systematic SDD programme, feasibility (95%, increasing over time), safety (11% UUC-10, 1.7% re-hospitalizations), and savings (63% per procedure) were similar for CRYO and RF ablation procedures.
Is health promotion in sports clubs associated with adolescent participants’ fruit and vegetable consumption?
Authors: Heikkilä Laura , Korpelainen Raija , Aira Tuula , Alanko Lauri , Heinonen Olli J , Kokko Sami , Parkkari Jari , Savonen Kai , Toivo Kerttu , Valtonen Maarit , Vasankari Tommi , Villberg Jari , Vanhala Marja 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Although sports clubs’ potential for health promotion is acknowledged, research on whether they promote healthy eating is limited. We aimed to evaluate Finnish youth sports clubs’ health promotion orientation, as well as associations between sports clubs’ health promotion orientation, coaches’ nutritional discussions and sports club participants’ (SPs’) fruit and/or vegetable consumption.

Methods
The cross-sectional study included 554 SPs aged 14–16 years, 275 club officials and 311 coaches. Participants replied to questionnaires about sports clubs’ health promotion and their own health behaviours, including dietary habits. Health promotion orientation was estimated using a Health Promoting Sports Club (HPSC) index (range 0–22) and nutritional discussions and fruit and/or vegetable consumption as frequencies. A mixed-effects multivariable logistic regression was used to analyse the associations.

Results
Most sports clubs (69%) had a high health promotion orientation, but the variation between the clubs was wide (HPSC index range 5–21). SPs’ daily fruit and/or vegetable consumption was associated with female gender [odds ratio (OR) 3.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.23–5.42, P &lt; 0.001], better self-rated health (OR 3.26, 95% CI 1.13–9.41, P = 0.03), higher average school grades (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.04–2.67, P = 0.03), and SPs’ responses that their coach had often discussed nutrition (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.41–3.14, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
Although sports clubs’ orientation towards health promotion was mostly high, it seems not to be enough to promote healthy eating among adolescent participants. Instead, coaches’ nutritional discussions were associated with adolescents’ fruit and/or vegetable consumption.
The role of microorganisms in the biotransformation of psychoactive substances and its forensic relevance: a critical interdisciplinary review
Authors: de Campos Eduardo G , de Almeida Otávio G G , De Martinis Elaine C P 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Microorganisms are widespread on the planet being able to adapt, persist, and grow in diverse environments, either rich in nutrient sources or under harsh conditions. The comprehension of the interaction between microorganisms and drugs is relevant for forensic toxicology and forensic chemistry, elucidating potential pathways of microbial metabolism and their implications. Considering the described scenario, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive and critical review of the state of the art of interactions amongst microorganisms and common drugs of abuse. Additionally, other drugs of forensic interest are briefly discussed. This paper outlines the importance of this area of investigation, covering the intersections between forensic microbiology, forensic chemistry, and forensic toxicology applied to drugs of abuse, and it also highlights research potentialities.

Key points
Post–COVID-19 Condition After SARS-CoV-2 Infections During the Omicron Surge vs the Delta, Alpha, and Wild Type Periods in Stockholm, Sweden
Authors: Hedberg Pontus , Nauclér Pontus 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Little is known about the post–COVID-19 condition (PCC) after infections with different SARS-CoV-2 variants. We investigated the risk of PCC diagnosis after primary omicron infections as compared with preceding variants in population-based cohorts in Stockholm, Sweden. When compared with omicron (n = 215 279, 0.2% receiving a PCC diagnosis), the adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) was 3.26 (2.80–3.80) for delta (n = 52 182, 0.5% PCC diagnosis), 5.33 (4.73–5.99) for alpha (n = 97 978, 1.0% PCC diagnosis), and 6.31 (5.64–7.06) for the wild type (n = 107 920, 1.3% PCC diagnosis). These findings were consistent across all subgroup analyses except among those treated in the intensive care unit.
Digital–Nondigital Assemblages: Data, Paper Trails, and Migrants’ Scattered Subjectivities at the Border
Authors: Canzutti Lucrezia , Tazzioli Martina 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper argues that the border regime works through entanglements of digital and nondigital data and of “low-tech” and “high-tech” technologies. It suggests that a critical analysis of the assemblages between digital and nondigital requires exploring their effects of subjectivation on those who are labeled as “migrants.” The paper starts with a critique of the presentism and techno-hype that pervade research on borders and technology, and points to the importance of analyzing historical continuities and ruptures in the technologization of the border regime. It then explores the assemblages of high-tech and low-tech technologies used for controlling mobility and investigates the imbrication of digital and nondigital records that migrants need to deal with and show not only at the border but throughout their journeys and, eventually, to obtain refugee status. The third section discusses migrants’ tactical uses of digital and nondigital records, their attempts to erase or reconstruct traces of their passages, and states’ oscillation between politics of identification and nonidentification. Finally, the fourth section questions the image of the “data double” and contends that, rather than a discrete digital subject, migrants’ digital traces generate scattered digital subjectivities that migrants themselves cannot fully access.
How Organizational Leaders Negotiate Religious Differences: Frameworks of Mandate and Interpersonal Care
Authors: Seigler Carolina P , Cadge Wendy 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The religious composition of the United States is rapidly shifting. As institutions and their stakeholders negotiate the needs of an increasingly diverse public, leaders of national chaplaincy organizations offer insight into how actors can effectively understand and engage matters of religious pluralism. This article identifies two distinct institutional frameworks (“mandate” and “interpersonal care”) that provide chaplaincy leaders with different schemas, tools, and strategies to use when understanding and motivating their engagement with religiously diverse publics. Using interviews with sixteen national chaplaincy leaders working in public and private settings, we delineate how institutional leaders interpret, articulate, and fulfill their roles as negotiators of religious differences within their respective frameworks. Our findings allow scholars and leaders to better understand how institutions and their actors can successfully interact with a diversifying, religiously pluralistic public.
Insoluble fibers affect digesta transit behavior in the upper gastrointestinal tract of growing pigs, regardless of particle size
Authors: Dorado-Montenegro Sebastian , Lammers-Jannink Kim , Gerrits Walter , de Vries Sonja 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Physicochemical characteristics of dietary fibers may modulate digesta transit behavior. The present study was conducted to clarify the effect of level and particle size (PS) of insoluble fibers on digesta mean retention time (MRT) in the proximal gastrointestinal tract (mouth-ileocecal junction). Six ileal-cannulated pigs (26.8 ± 2.08 kg) were assigned to 3 dietary treatments in a 3 × 3 replicated Latin-square design. Finely ground (1 mm screen) or coarse (intact) oat husks (OH) and soybean hulls (SBH) were added (50:50, w/w) to a maize–whey protein–wheat-based diet at 50 (low) or 250 g/kg (high) inclusion levels to obtain a low-fine fiber (LF), high-fine fiber (HF), and high-coarse fiber (HC) diet. Markers to follow liquids (Co-EDTA), fine solids (Y3O2), or fibrous particles (Yb-mordanted OH and Cr-mordanted SBH) were given as a single pulse dose and marker concentrations were subsequently measured hourly in digesta for 13 h after administration. Mean retention time values were obtained from the concentration of markers in digesta observed over time by fitting a generalized Michaelis–Menten equation and calculating the time of peak. Fiber addition and fiber particle size neither affected the MRT of liquid nor solid digesta phases (P = 0.903). Segregation between solid and liquid digesta phases was observed for all diets (P &lt; 0.0001), although the extent of segregation was greater for LF compared with HF and HC (P = 0.0220). The MRT of SBH particles, but not of OH-particles was longer for coarse vs fine PS (96 min, P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, digesta MRT was influenced by the dietary concentration but not by PS of insoluble fibers. The addition of insoluble fibers reduces digesta phase segregation from mouth to distal ileum in growing pigs.
Improving Time to Diagnostic Resolution in the Breast Imaging Service: A Tertiary Center’s Experience and Process of Improvement
Authors: Fawzy Nader A , AlMuslem Noor F , Altayeb Afaf , Ghosheh Mohammad J , Khoumais Nuha A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective
Breast imaging services often experience a significant degree of variability in patient flow, leading to delay in time to diagnostic resolution, commonly referred to as time to resolution (TTR). This study applies Lean Six Sigma Methodology (LSSM) to reduce TTR and enhance patient outcomes.

Methods
This study was IRB-approved. A baseline audit was done using cases of mammographic recalls (BI-RADS 0) to measure baseline TTR. Multidisciplinary meetings with all members of the breast imaging service, alongside a study of patient complaint data, were utilized to identify issues that were causing prolonged TTR. Following that, possible solutions were proposed and implemented. A post-implementation audit was conducted, and the resulting TTRs were compared. Significant differences in TTR between the pre- and post-solution implementation were assessed using the Mann-Whitney U test.

Results
During the baseline audit of 8 months, 589 cases of mammographic recalls (BI-RADS 0) were identified, and the resulting average TTR was 86.3 days. During the post-implementation period of 3 months, 370 mammographic recalls (BI-RADS 0) occurred, with a resulting average TTR of 36.0 days. After applying LSSM, TTR was reduced by 58.3% (P &lt; 0.01). Some changes implemented included training the coordinators, establishing a rapid diagnostic clinic using previously underutilized equipment, and having radiologists assigned full-time to the breast imaging service.

Conclusion
Our team has successfully managed to identify various causes behind the prolonged TTR using LSSM. Team collaboration was essential to study and decide on a more achievable TTR.