bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid laser metal deposition of a Fe–Cr–Mo–V–Mn tool steel for hot stamping applications
Authors: Romano Tobia , Abdelwahed Marawan , Bengtsson Sven , Bruzzo Francesco , Casati Riccardo , Gedda Hans , López Elena , Ulfberg Petter , Wilsnack Christoph , Vedani Maurizio 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this investigation, a novel Fe–Cr–Mo–V–Mn hot work tool steel powder was specifically developed for laser-based additive manufacturing, targeting the possibility to create conformal cooling channels in hot stamping tools for improved cooling efficiency during the forming of steel sheets for the automotive industry. Specimens of the proposed tool steel were printed via laser metal deposition and characterized to demonstrate its compatibility with hot work tool steels that are commonly used in the tooling industry. The applicability of the developed material was proved by fabricating cooling channels in a simple geometry demonstrator using a hybrid process combining milling and laser metal deposition. Finally, a hybrid-manufactured hot stamping tool segment was tested in a pilot plant to evaluate the effect of the investigated material on the cooling performance when compared to a conventional tool machined from H13 hot work tool steel. The results showed that the Fe–Cr–Mo–V–Mn tool steel features thermophysical properties similar to the most popular H13 steel and it can be efficiently used to produce tools containing conformal cooling channels by hybrid laser metal deposition, without the need of intermediate structures to improve the compatibility between the substrate and the deposited volumes.
Monocular In-flight Measurement of Airfoil Deflections
Authors: Meidow Jochen , Pfingsten Kai-Christoph 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe knowledge of the actual shape of an aeroplane’s wing in midair is crucial to perform realistic flow simulations. Based on these analyses, the shape of a wing can be optimized by constructive measures and by the selective emptying of the fuel tanks installed inside the wings. As a result, the fuel consumption is reduced and fewer emissions occur. Furthermore, monitoring wing deflections allows for conclusions about the mechanical load and thus the service limit of an airfoil. To determine the wing deflection, we present the concept of a deployed measuring system consisting of measuring marks attached to the wing’s surface and a single camera. A basic model for the bending of a wing is explained and utilized, which assumes the preservation of arc lengths on the wing’s upper surface during bending. The measuring system was successfully applied during several long-distance flights with wide-body aircraft. The design of the measurement system, its setup and calibration, as well as obtained results are presented and discussed.
A Hands-on Medical Mechatronics Exercise to Pump Up Student Learnings
Authors: Pennes Anthony , Mendez Keegan , Hanumara Nevan , Roche Ellen T. , Traverso Giovanni , Custer David , Hom Gim 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBest practices in Biomedical Engineering education seek to connect classroom knowledge to practical applications. MIT’s Medical Device Design course is comprised of in-class didactics, individual laboratory assignments, and a semester-long, team- based design and prototyping challenge, based in real unmet biomedical need. Students in the course represent a broad set of undergraduate and graduate students, from diverse educational backgrounds, with different levels of training and expertise. This year, as a precursor to the semester-long project, we designed, piloted, and evaluated a new experiential learning lab based around a syringe pump, selected because of its prevalence in the clinical setting, exemplification of core, multidisciplinary biomedical engineering concepts, and suitability for a team-based learning exercise. Students individually calculated patient dosing requirements and translated desired volume and flow rate into stepper motor commands. Then, during a single in-class session, teams worked from a custom-designed and fabricated kit to assemble a syringe pump, breadboard electronics, implement software controls, and finally close the design loop by evaluating their pumps' dispensing performance. A post-lab survey of the student cohort indicated that this pilot lab provided a sound biomedical learning and teamwork opportunity that improved technical literacy. The survey also identified key opportunities for improvement – students wanted more time and instructor-guided learning to increase their understanding of the mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and software subtopics. Consequently, next year we will expand the lab into a multi-class exercise, with enhanced lectures and supplementary materials. Overall, we share this problem-based learning exercise, designed to exemplify key concepts, improve teamwork, and foster hands-on tinkering skills, with other biomedical engineering instructors.
Hindu: A History
Authors: Truschke Audrey 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article provides a textured history of the multivalent term “hindu” over 2,500 years, with the goal of productively unsettling what we think we know. “Hindu” is a ubiquitous word in modern times, used by scholars and practitioners in dozens of languages to denote members of a religious tradition. But the religious meaning of “hindu” and its common use are quite new. Here I trace the layered history of “hindu,” part of an array of shifting identities in early and medieval India. In so doing, I draw upon an archive of primary sources—in Old Persian, New Persian, Sanskrit, Prakrit, Hindi, Marathi, Bengali, and more—that offers the kind of multilingual story needed to understand a term that has long cut across languages in South Asia. Also, I do not treat premodernity as a prelude but rather recognize it as the heart of this tale. So much of South Asian history—including over two thousand years of using the term “hindu”—has been misconstrued by those who focus only on British colonialism and later. We need a deeper consideration of South Asian pasts if we are to think more fruitfully about the terms and concepts that order our knowledge. Here, I offer one such contribution that marshals historical material on the multiform and fluid word “hindu” that can help us think more critically and precisely about this discursive category.
Genetic diversity of Trypanosoma cruzi infecting raccoons (Procyon lotor) in 2 metropolitan areas of southern Louisiana: implications for parasite transmission networks
Authors: Majeau Alicia , Cloherty Erin , Anderson A. Nikki , Straif-Bourgeois Susanne C. , Dumonteil Eric , Herrera Claudia 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTrypanosoma cruzi, the aetiological agent of Chagas disease, exists as an anthropozoonosis in Louisiana. Raccoons are an important reservoir, as they demonstrate high prevalence and maintain high parasitaemia longer than other mammals. Given the complex nature of parasite transmission networks and importance of raccoons as reservoirs that move between sylvatic and domestic environments, detailing the genetic diversity of T. cruzi in raccoons is crucial to assess risk to human health. Using a next-generation sequencing approach targeting the mini-exon, parasite diversity was assessed in 2 metropolitan areas of Louisiana. Sequences were analysed along with those previously identified in other mammals and vectors to determine if any association exists between ecoregion and parasite diversity. Parasites were identified from discrete typing units (DTUs) TcI, TcII, TcIV, TcV and TcVI. DTUs TcII, TcV and TcVI are previously unreported in raccoons in the United States (US). TcI was the most abundant DTU, comprising nearly 80% of all sequences. All but 1 raccoon harboured multiple haplotypes, some demonstrating mixed infections of different DTUs. Furthermore, there is significant association between DTU distribution and level III ecoregion in Louisiana. Finally, while certain sequences were distributed across multiple tissues, others appeared to have tissue-specific tropism. Taken together, these findings indicate that ongoing surveillance of T. cruzi in the US should be undertaken across ecoregions to fully assess risk to human health. Given potential connections between parasite diversity and clinical outcomes, deep sequencing technologies are crucial and interventions targeting raccoons may prove useful in mitigating human health risk.
Optimal control of supervisors balancing individual and joint responsibilities
Authors: Yu Zhuoting , Andradóttir Sigrún , Ayhan Hayriye 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe consider a two-stage service system with two types of servers, namely subordinates who perform the first-stage service and supervisors who have their own responsibilities in addition to collaborating with the subordinates on the second-stage service. Rewards are earned when first- or second-stage service is completed and when supervisors finish one of their own responsibilities. Costs are incurred when impatient customers abandon without completing the second-stage service. Our problem is to determine how the supervisors should distribute their time between their joint work with the subordinates and their own responsibilities. Under the assumptions that service times at both stages are exponentially distributed and that the customers waiting for second-stage service abandon after an exponential amount of time, we prove that one of two policies will maximize the long-run average profit. Namely, it is optimal for supervisors to start collaborating with subordinates either when subordinates can no longer serve new customers or as soon as there is a customer ready for second-stage service. Furthermore, we show that the optimality condition is a simple threshold on the system parameters. We conclude by proving that pooling supervisors (and their associated subordinates) improves system performance, but with limited returns as more supervisors are pooled.
A challenging catheter ablation of anteroseptal manifest accessory pathway from non-coronary aortic cusp in a paediatric patient
Authors: Aydemir Merve Maze , Kafali Hasan Candas , Ergul Yakup 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTwelve-lead ECG of a child with Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome and systolic dysfunction was consistent with the anteroseptal accessory pathway. The earliest atrial activation during electrophysiological study was found between the right anteroseptal region near the HIS. Multiple femoral tract right-sided cryotest lesions followed by radiofrequency catheter irrigated through the jugular vein route were unsuccessful. Then, non-coronary aortic cusp mapping and cryoablation were successfully performed with a retroartic approach.
Converting sink particles to stars in hydrodynamical simulations
Authors: Liow Kong You , Rieder Steven , Dobbs Clare , Jaffa Sarah 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTo form stars in hydrodynamical simulations, we introduce the grouped star formation prescription to convert the grouped sink particles into stars that follow the IMF. We show that this method is robust in different physical scales. Such methods to form stars are likely to become more important as galactic or even cosmological scale simulations begin to probe sub-parsec scales.
Nature of star formation in first galaxies
Authors: Sharma Mahavir 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOne of the primary foci of research in astrophysics is on developing a rigorous understanding of the first galaxies. This entails studying the physical processes such as accretion, cooling and star formation in first galaxies, and also investigating the consequences of these processes in the present day Universe. We investigate the star formation in the early galaxies and its subsequent evolution using the eagle simulation and find that the star formation has a smooth evolutionary behaviour at low redshifts leading to a main sequence of star formation that can be explained by deterministic models using accretion history as an input. In contrast, at high redshift (>6), most of the galaxies are bursty. At high redshift, instead of exhibiting a main sequence in SFR – Mh plane, they bunch-up around a halo mass of ≈ 109 Mȯ and SFR ≈0.1 Mȯ yr−1. As a consequence, the reionization of the Universe is led by low mass haloes hosting brighter galaxies that are undergoing intense bursts. Furthermore, the bursts in the infant galaxies lead to a poorly mixed interstellar medium in which the stars can form from gas enriched predominantly by a single nucleosynthetic channel. The lower mass subset of the stars formed in first galaxies resemble the carbon enhanced metal poor stars in our Galaxy while the higher mass ones reionized the Universe.
Hot spot drift in synchronous and asynchronous polars: synthesis of light curves
Authors: Sobolev Andrey , Bisikalo Dmitry , Zhilkin Andrey 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the effect of hot spots movement by accretor surface on the appearance of bolometric light curves for two types of polars - synchronous V808 Aur and asynchronous CD Ind is studied. The analysis was carried out under the assumption of a dipole configuration of the magnetic field, in which the axis of the dipole passes through the accretor center. It is shown that a noticeable shift of the flow maximum at the light curve corresponding to the position of the spots in synchronous polars is determined by a change in the magnitude of mass transfer rate. At the same time, the maximum deviation of the spots from the magnetic poles was 30°. In asynchronous polars, assuming a constant of the mass transfer rate, the spots movement caused by a change in the orientation of the dipole axis relative to the donor has a significant effect on the appearance of light curve. The greatest displacement of the spots from the magnetic poles, which equals to 20°, was observed at the moments when the accretion jet switched from one pole to the other. It is concluded that the comparison of synthetic and observational light curves provides an opportunity to study the physical properties of polars.
Advances and Challenges in Observations and Modeling of the Global-Sun Dynamics and Dynamo
Authors: Kosovichev Alexander , Guerrero Gustavo , Stejko Andrey , Pipin Valery , Getling Alexander 
Published: January 2023

AbstractComputational heliophysics has shed light on the fundamental physical processes inside the Sun, such as the differential rotation, meridional circulation, and dynamo-generation of magnetic fields. However, despite the substantial advances, the current results of 3D MHD simulations are still far from reproducing helioseismic inferences and surface observations. The reason is the multi-scale nature of the solar dynamics, covering a vast range of scales, which cannot be solved with the current computational resources. In such a situation, significant progress has been achieved by the mean-field approach, based on the separation of small-scale turbulence and large-scale dynamics. The mean-field simulations can reproduce solar observations, qualitatively and quantitatively, and uncover new phenomena. However, they do not reveal the complex physics of large-scale convection, solar magnetic cycles, and the magnetic self-organization that causes sunspots and solar eruptions. Thus, developing a synergy of these approaches seems to be a necessary but very challenging task.
Inference of Magnetic Fields and Space Weather Hazards of Rocky Extrasolar Planets From a Dynamical Geophysical Model
Authors: Kumar Varnana M. , Sathyan Thara N. , Girish T.E. , Eapen P.E. , Longhinos Biju , Binoy J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper we have inferred the magnetic shielding characteristics and space weather hazards of selected potentially habitable extrasolar planets using a dynamical geophysical model from calculations of internal heat, phases of volcanism and planetary magnetic moments. The space weather hazards on the extrasolar planet Kepler-452b orbiting around a Sun-like star are found to be a minimum which enhances the habitability probability of this planet.
Radiation Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of Soft X-ray Emitting Regions in Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Igarashi Taichi , Kato Yoshiaki , Takahashi Hiroyuki R. , Ohsuga Ken , Matsumoto Yosuke , Matsumoto Ryoji 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe present the results of global three-dimensional radiation magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the formation of soft X-ray emitting regions in active galactic nuclei by applying a radiation magnetohydrodynamic code based on the M1-closure scheme. The effect of Compton cooling is taken into account. When the surface density of the accretion flow exceeds the upper limit of the radiatively inefficient accretion flow (RIAF), the optically thin, hot accretion flow near the black hole co-exists with the soft X-ray emitting, warm (T = 106 – 107 K) Comptonized region around r = 20 – 40rs, where rs is the Schwarzschild radius. Numerical results indicate that when the accretion rate approaches the Eddington accretion rate, the warm Comptonized region stays in optically thin for effective optical depth, Thomson thick, and radiation pressure dominant state. This region is found to oscillate between a geometrically thin, cool state and a geometrically thick state inflated by radiation pressure. The time variability of the accretion flow is consistent with that of the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies.
Study of the non-thermal atmospheric loss for exoplanet π Men c
Authors: Avtaeva Anastasia A. , Shematovich Valery I. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe have studied the input of the exothermic photochemistry into the formation of the non-thermal escape flux in the transition H2 − H region of the extended upper atmosphere of the hot exoplanet - the sub-neptune π Men c. The formation rate and the energy spectrum of hydrogen atoms formed with an excess of kinetic energy due to the exothermic photochemistry forced by the stellar XUV radiation were calculated using a numerical kinetic Monte Carlo model of a hot planetary corona. The escape flux was estimated to be equal to 2.5×1012cm−2s−1 for the mean level of stellar activity in the XUV radiation flux. This results in the mean estimate of the atmospheric loss rate due to the exothermic photochemistry equal to 6.7×108g s−1. The calculated estimate is close to the observational estimates of the possible atmospheric loss rate for the exoplanet π Men c in the range less than 1.0×109gs−1.
Long‐Distance Asthenospheric Transport of Plume‐Influenced Mantle From Afar to Anatolia
Authors: Hua J. , Fischer K. M. , Gazel E. , Parmentier E. M. , Hirth G. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe origin of widespread volcanism far from plate boundaries and mantle plumes remains a fundamental unsolved question. An example of this puzzle is the Anatolian region, where abundant intraplate volcanism has occurred since 10 Ma, but a nearby underlying plume structure in the deep mantle is lacking. We employed a combination of seismic and geochemical data to link intraplate volcanism in Anatolia to a trail of magmatic centers leading back to East Africa and its mantle plume, consistent with northward asthenospheric transport over a ∼2,500 km distance. Joint modeling of seismic imaging and petrological data indicates that the east Anatolian mantle potential temperature is higher than the ambient mantle (∼1,420°C). Based on multiple seismic tomography models, the Anatolian upper mantle is likely connected to East Africa by an asthenospheric channel with low seismic velocities. Along the channel, isotopic signatures among volcanoes are consistent with a common mantle source, and petrological data demonstrate similar elevated mantle temperatures, consistent with little cooling in the channel during the long‐distance transport. Horizontal asthenospheric pressure gradients originating from mantle plume upwelling beneath East Africa provide a mechanism for high lateral transport rates that match the relatively constant mantle potential temperatures along the channel. Rapid long‐distance asthenospheric flow helps explain the widespread occurrence of global intraplate magmatism in regions far from deeply‐rooted mantle plumes throughout Earth history.
Ionospheric Modulation by EMIC Wave‐Driven Proton Precipitation: Observations and Simulations
Authors: Tian Xingbin , Yu Yiqun , Gong Fan , Ma Longxing , Cao Jinbin , Solomon Stanley C. , Shreedevi P. R. , Shiokawa Kazuo , Otsuka Yuichi , Oyama Shin‐ichiro , Miyoshi Yoshizumi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractProtons of tens of keV can be resonantly scattered by electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves excited in the magnetosphere, resulting in proton precipitation down to the upper atmosphere. In this study, we report for the first time the ionospheric height‐dependent ionization in response to EMIC‐associated isolated proton aurora (IPA) using simultaneous space‐borne and ground‐based measurements. On 06 March 2019, the Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites observed significant proton precipitation in the dusk sector (MLT ∼ 19), while ground‐based magnetometers detected a clear signature of EMIC waves. Meanwhile, the conjugated all sky imager captured an IPA and the nearby Poker Flat incoherent scatter radar (PFISR) showed enhanced electron density in the E region, suggesting a potential consequence of the EMIC wave‐driven proton precipitation. The Global Airglow model simulations confirmed the dominant impact of proton precipitation on the ionosphere and agreed well with PFISR observations. This study confirmed physical links from the magnetosphere to the ionosphere through EMIC‐driven proton precipitation.
Preliminary Modeling of Magnetized Sprite Streamers on Jupiter Following Juno's Observations of Possible Transient Luminous Events
Authors: Janalizadeh Reza , Pasko Victor P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe first observation of possible transient luminous events (TLEs) on Jupiter was reported recently. Whereas initiation of elves on Jupiter has been theoretically studied before, the possibility of sprite streamer inception on Jupiter has not been investigated yet. Here we critically review the literature concerned with TLEs on Jupiter. Subsequently, we report on development of a numerical model for modeling of magnetized streamers in presence of Jupiter's strong magnetic field. The model utilizes the knowledge provided by recent observations of Jupiter's lightning and magnetic field by the Juno spacecraft. It is demonstrated that sprite streamer inception under realistic atmospheric conditions on Jupiter is possible.
Sensitivity and Calibration of Three‐Dimensional SPH Formulations in Large‐Scale Landslide Modeling
Authors: Li Shuai , Tang Hui , Peng Chong , Turowski Jens M. , Schoepa Anne , An Huicong , Chen Xiaoqing , Ouyang Chaojun , Chen Jiangang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNumerical prediction of landslide runout and deposition is important for estimating landslide risk and developing mitigation plans. The choice of a suitable model and its parameters and a confident calibration strategy are crucial for numerical simulations. Here, we evaluated two constitutive models with a three‐dimensional smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method by simulating the catastrophic 11 October 2018 Baige landslide. The results indicate that both the soil mechanic and fluid models can capture the dynamic runout and deposition morphology while using different values of input parameters. A point‐wise comparison of deposit elevation can minimize the calibration error. Numerical models were constrained accurately by utilizing both the static observation data and dynamic seismic signals. The effects of friction on deep‐seated landslides motion and deposition are more significant than cohesion. The 3D model includes the effects of shear stresses and velocities inside the material body, resulting in a reduced friction coefficient compared to the 2D model (e.g., depth‐averaged model). Our study highlights the potential of the 3D SPH method for modeling large‐scale complex landslides.