bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mobile Hybrid Energy System for Modern Drives of Smart Energy Transition
Authors: Korpela A. , Alanen S. , Hietalahti L. , Kohtala M. , Markkula T. , Virtanen K. , Björn R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMainly driven by the climate change, electric power systems are globally going through a transition. In order to cut carbon dioxide emissions and slow down global warming, traditional systems consisting of concentrated, easily controllable and often fossil-based power plants are step-by-step replaced by the ones which are typically distributed, renewable and carbon dioxide free. Often this green and renewable production is weather-dependent and much more difficult to predict than the traditional fossil-based one. In the smart energy transition we are dealing with these critical and topical issues: how to ensure the balance in the power grid, when the controllability of production gets more and more difficult. New solutions, such as flexible loads, demand response and growing role of energy storage, are called for to ensure high quality of electric energy. In all these solutions, more accurate power control is called for. In addition, it is important to realize that such new solutions of modern electric drives always require sophisticated power electronics combined with smart control. To be able to demonstrate these modern electric drives of smart energy transition, a mobile and technically versatile hybrid energy system was designed and built at Tampere University of Applied Sciences. In addition to easy transfer enabled by a trailer solution, the goal of design and construction was in technical diversity. The hybrid energy system presented in this paper has not been tailored to any specific use, but instead, we wanted to be able to demonstrate even such modern electric drives that were not predictable in the design phase of the system. Thus, the technical diversity of the system deserves to be emphasized. In this paper we present the design, the operational principles, smart control properties and some successful demonstrations of energy transition related modern electric drives.
The citizen choice architect in an ultra-processed world
Authors: Hertwig Ralph 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTwo concepts shaped and continue to shape the discussion on the limits of a liberal and democratic state. First, Mill's harm principle, according to which the fundamental justification for a state exercising power over individuals is to prevent harm being done to others. Second, the distinction between the public sphere, where liberal democracies can intervene, and the private sphere, where individuals are, in principle, free to do as they like. I argue that both concepts have to be revisited in the context of today's ‘ultra-processed’ world, in which sophisticated technologies and highly engineered products reach deep into the private sphere, exploiting human psychology and jeopardizing citizens’ health and welfare in the interest of maximizing profit. In this ultra-processed world, where the distinction between the public and the private spheres is blurred, systemic interventions such as regulation and taxation, often criticized as paternalistic, are necessary to minimize harm. However, they must be complemented by interventions informed by behavioural science that modify and guide individual behaviours. Beyond the soft paternalism of nudging, people can be empowered to self-nudge – a non-paternalistic approach that enables them to design and structure their own decision environments and choice architectures as they see fit.
Structure of blocks with normal defect and abelian inertial quotient
Authors: Benson David , Kessar Radha , Linckelmann Markus 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Let k be an algebraically closed field of prime characteristic p. Let

$kGe$

be a block of a group algebra of a finite group G, with normal defect group P and abelian

$p'$

inertial quotient L. Then we show that

$kGe$

is a matrix algebra over a quantised version of the group algebra of a semidirect product of P with a certain subgroup of L. To do this, we first examine the associated graded algebra, using a Jennings–Quillen style theorem.
As an example, we calculate the associated graded of the basic algebra of the nonprincipal block in the case of a semidirect product of an extraspecial p-group P of exponent p and order

$p^3$

with a quaternion group of order eight with the centre acting trivially. In the case of

$p=3$

, we give explicit generators and relations for the basic algebra as a quantised version of

$kP$

. As a second example, we give explicit generators and relations in the case of a group of shape

$2^{1+4}:3^{1+2}$

in characteristic two.
Congress and the Establishment of a National Budget System in the United States during the Progressive Era
Authors: SATURNO JAMES V. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn order to establish a new national budget system during the Progressive Era, Congress had to overcome an earlier convention in which it used detailed appropriations in an attempt to control the budgetary actions of federal agencies and the president served no formal role. Incremental changes to strengthen congressional budgetary controls proved inadequate but provided reformers with an opportunity to supplant the existing orthodoxy, resulting in the Budget and Accounting Act of 1921. Although most studies have focused on the Act in terms of its effects on presidential power and presidential/congressional relations, this study focuses on congressional actions and debates to show how reform was rooted in long-standing congressional concerns about the need to control agency budgetary actions and was understood at the time as a culmination of those efforts, not simply as a case of Congress enhancing presidential power at its own expense.
Borrowed Agency: The Institutional Capacity of the Early Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
Authors: WOODWARD JENNIFER 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBorrowed capacity builds upon institutional capacity scholarship to discuss how interactions between government agencies and interest groups can increase agency resources and scope during agency formation and development. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission scholars often note the lack of capacity to implement Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 during the first years of the agency. I argue that current assessments of the agency’s capacity between 1965 and 1968 are incomplete by expanding the definition of capacity to include borrowed and nontraditional forms of capacity, reviewing congressional allocations to the agency and agency budgets, and considering the active roles state and local agencies as well as interest groups played in the early implementation of Title VII. I demonstrate the agency amassed not only claims but also capacity during its early years.
A clustering-based method for estimating pennation angle from B-mode ultrasound images
Authors: Bao Xuefeng , Zhang Qiang , Fragnito Natalie , Wang Jian , Sharma Nitin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
B-mode ultrasound (US) is often used to noninvasively measure skeletal muscle architecture, which contains human intent information. Extracted features from B-mode images can help improve closed-loop human–robotic interaction control when using rehabilitation/assistive devices. The traditional manual approach to inferring the muscle structural features from US images is laborious, time-consuming, and subjective among different investigators. This paper proposes a clustering-based detection method that can mimic a well-trained human expert in identifying fascicle and aponeurosis and, therefore, compute the pennation angle. The clustering-based architecture assumes that muscle fibers have tubular characteristics. It is robust for low-frequency image streams. We compared the proposed algorithm to two mature benchmark techniques: UltraTrack and ImageJ. The performance of the proposed approach showed higher accuracy in our dataset (frame frequency is 20 Hz), that is, similar to the human expert. The proposed method shows promising potential in automatic muscle fascicle orientation detection to facilitate implementations in biomechanics modeling, rehabilitation robot control design, and neuromuscular disease diagnosis with low-frequency data stream.
Radar-based human activity recognition with adaptive thresholding towards resource constrained platforms
Authors: Li Zhenghui , Le Kernec Julien , Abbasi Qammer , Fioranelli Francesco , Yang Shufan , Romain Olivier 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRadar systems are increasingly being employed in healthcare applications for human activity recognition due to their advantages in terms of privacy, contactless sensing, and insensitivity to lighting conditions. The proposed classification algorithms are however often complex, focusing on a single domain of radar, and requiring significant computational resources that prevent their deployment in embedded platforms which often have limited memory and computational resources. To address this issue, we present an adaptive magnitude thresholding approach for highlighting the region of interest in the multi-domain micro-Doppler signatures. The region of interest is beneficial to extract salient features, meanwhile it ensures the simplicity of calculations with less computational cost. The results for the proposed approach show an accuracy of up to 93.1% for six activities, outperforming state-of-the-art deep learning methods on the same dataset with an over tenfold reduction in both training time and memory footprint, and a twofold reduction in inference time compared to a series of deep learning implementations. These results can help bridge the gap toward embedded platform deployment.
Controllable deformation based self‐adaptive drag reduction for complex surface
Authors: Chen Dengke , Cui Xianxian , Chen Huawei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractReduction of energy consumption and improvement of cruising speed are greatly necessary for underwater vehicles. Previously, regular riblets have been machined and the drag reduction has been verified; however, the riblet parameters are not adjusted like the denticles of sharkskin, which adapt quickly to the complex changing fluid flow. To achieve an improved drag reduction effect on the complicated shape surface, a simple, low‐cost, and timesaving stretching approach was proposed to adjust the riblet parameters on the underwater vehicle surface by controllable deformation. Nature latex rubber membrane with regular micro‐riblets was prepared as a stretching flexible film, and the spacing and height of the micro‐riblets were adjusted by adaptive control of the stretching ratio. The circulating water channel experiment verified the effectiveness and feasibility of the self‐adaptive drag reduction by the controllable deformation method. The results demonstrated that the drag reduction rate of the controllable deformation bionic fish skin was 4.26% compared with a smooth surface at 0.25 m/s with an angle of attack of 0°, which is better than any other angle. The controllable deformation bionic fish skin provides a feasible method for the drag reduction of complex surface adaptive underwater vehicles.
The value of radioembolisation therapy on metastatic liver tumours – a single centre experience
Authors: Ekmekcioglu Ozgul , Erdem Umut , Arican Pelin , Ozvar Hikmet , Bostanci Ozgur 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective Local treatments used in metastatic liver tumours efficiently control the disease and survival. Transarterial radioembolisation (TARE) is a safely used locoregional treatment method. We aim to investigate the impact of TARE on different kinds of metastatic liver tumours and the effect of pre-treatment clinical findings.
Material and Methods The patients with metastatic liver tumours referred to our department for radioembolisation were retrospectively evaluated. All patients were given a Y-90 glass microsphere after being selected by the appropriate clinical and imaging criteria, lung shunt fraction levels, vascular investigation, and macro aggregated albumin (MAA) scintigraphy performed in the angiography unit.
Results Thirty-four (17 women, 17 men) patients were suitable for the treatment. Patients were treated with 115.88±47.84 Gy Y-90 glass Microspheres. The mean survival rate was 14.59±12.59 months after treatment. Higher survival rates were detected in patients who had higher pre-treatment serum albumin levels. The optimum cut-off value of albumin to predict response to treatment was 4 g/dl with 88.89% sensitivity, 62.50% specificity, 72.73% PPV and 83.33% NPV. Furthermore, one unit increase in age increased mortality 1.152 times in our patient group.
Conclusion Radioembolisation is a safe and efficient method for controlling metastatic liver disease. Albumin levels significantly affect predicting response; higher albumin levels are related to higher survival rates. Furthermore, older age positively correlated with mortality rates in our patient group.
Genetic Testing in Clinical Movement Disorders: A Case-Based Review
Authors: Kalia Lorraine V. , Nimmo Graeme A. M. , Mestre Tiago A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGenetics are fundamental to understanding the pathophysiology of neurological disease, including movement disorders. Genetic testing in clinical practice has changed dramatically over the last few decades. While the likelihood of establishing an etiological diagnosis is greater now with increased access to testing and more advanced technologies, clinicians face challenges when deciding whether to test, then selecting the appropriate test, and ultimately interpreting and sharing the results with patients and families. In this review, we use a case-based approach to cover core aspects of genetic testing for the neurologist, namely, genetic testing in Parkinson's disease, interpretation of inconclusive genetic test reports, and genetic testing for repeat expansion disorders using Huntington disease as a prototype.
Greater flowering and response to flooding inLythrum virgatumthanL. salicaria(purple loosestrife)
Authors: Mattingly Kali Z , Braasch Brenna N , Hovick Stephen M 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNewly introduced trait diversity can spur rapid evolution and facilitate local adaptation in the introduced plant Lythrum salicaria. The horticultural plant L. virgatum might further introduce meaningful trait variation by escaping into established L. salicaria populations or by hybridizing with L. salicaria. Although many experiments have focused on L. salicaria genotypes, relatively little is known about L. virgatum ecology. We used a greenhouse common garden to compare traits and flood response of L. salicaria and L. virgatum collected from two sources each in their native range. We tested the hypotheses that these two wetland taxa have comparable responses to flooding (inundation), and that flood tolerance correlated to higher fitness. Flooding produced stronger stress responses in L. virgatum. Compared to L. salicaria, L. virgatum shifted more aboveground allocation away from reproduction, decreased inflorescence biomass by 40% more, and produced 7% more stem aerenchymatous phellum, a specialized tissue that maintains aeration. Despite these more pronounced responses to flooding stress, L. virgatum had higher fitness (inflorescence biomass and reproductive allocation) than L. salicaria. Overall, L. virgatum differed from L. salicaria in functionally important ways. Lythrum virgatum persisted under flooding and produced more reproductive biomass than L. salicaria under both flooded and non-flooded conditions. However, inundation stressed L. virgatum more than L. salicaria. Lythrum virgatum is likely able to establish into the wetland habitats in which L. salicaria prevails but may possess broader habitat tolerances.
In Their Own Words: Osvaldo Sala
Authors: Verdier James M 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In Their Own Words chronicles the stories of scientists who have made great contributions to their fields. These short histories provide our readers a way to learn from and share their experiences. We publish the results of these conversations in the pages of BioScience and on our podcast, BioScience Talks (https://bioscience-talks.aibs.org). This history is with Dr. Osvaldo Sala, who is the Julie A. Wrigley and Regents’ and Foundation Professor and the founding director of the Global Drylands Center, at Arizona State University.
Note: Both the text and audio versions have been edited for clarity and length.
The evolutionary history of the Central Asian steppe-desert taxon Nitraria (Nitrariaceae) as revealed by integration of fossil pollen morphology and molecular data
Authors: Woutersen Amber , Jardine Phillip E , Silvestro Daniele , Bogotá-Angel Raul Giovanni , Zhang Hong-Xiang , Meijer Niels , Bouchal Johannes , Barbolini Natasha , Dupont-Nivet Guillaume , Koutsodendris Andreas , Antonelli Alexandre , Hoorn Carina 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The transition from a greenhouse to an icehouse world at the Eocene-Oligocene Transition (EOT) coincided with a large decrease of pollen from the steppe-adapted genus Nitraria. This genus, now common along the Mediterranean coast, Asia and Australia, has a proposed coastal origin and a geographically widespread fossil record. Here we investigated the evolution, taxonomic diversity and morphological disparity of Nitraria throughout the Cenozoic by integrating extant taxa and fossil palynological morphotypes into a unified phylogenetic framework based on both DNA sequences and pollen morphological data. We present the oldest fossil pollen grain of Nitraria, at least 53 Myr old. This fossil was found in Central Asian deposits, providing new evidence for its origin in this area. We found that the EOT is an evolutionary bottleneck for Nitraria, coinciding with retreat of the proto-Paratethys Sea, a major global cooling event and a turnover in Central Asian steppe vegetation. We infer the crown age of modern Nitraria spp. to be significantly younger (Miocene) than previously estimated (Palaeocene). The diversity trajectory of Nitraria inferred from extant-only taxa differs markedly from one that also considers extinct taxa. Our study demonstrates it is therefore critical to apply an integrative approach to fully understand the plant evolutionary history of Nitrariaceae.
A Fresh Look at the 2005 Commission v. United Kingdom Judgment in Light of the Euratom Treaty’s Drafting History
Authors: Lattanzi Sarah 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This article provides a new example of a ‘fresh look at an old case’. It examines the 2005 Commission v. United Kingdom case in light of a study conducted using the Historical Archives of the European Union. The historical holdings contain many travaux ­préparatoires of the Treaty Establishing the European Atomic Community. These documents can be very useful for reconstructing the drafting history of the founding treaties and developing a historical interpretation of their provisions. In Commission v. United Kingdom, the same parties that participated in the negotiation process relied on these travaux préparatoires, and the Court of Justice of the European Union itself engaged in a historical interpretation of the provisions at stake. Taking this case as an example, this article delves into questions pertaining to the use of travaux préparatoires as a means of interpretation and the respective role of judge and historians in performing the task of shedding light on the original will of the contracting parties and on the historical context in which this will was shaped.
A framework for improving treatment of uncertainty in offshore wind assessments for protected marine birds
Authors: Searle K R , O'Brien S H , Jones E L , Cook A S C P , Trinder M N , McGregor R M , Donovan C , McCluskie A , Daunt F , Butler A 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGovernments worldwide are setting ambitious targets for offshore renewable energy development (ORD). However, deployment is constrained by a lack of understanding of the environmental consequences of ORD, with impacts on protected birds forming a key environmental consenting challenge. Assessing the impacts of ORD on marine birds is challenging, utilizing interlinked approaches to understand complex behavioural, energetic, and demographic processes. Consequently, there is considerable uncertainty associated with ORD assessments for marine birds, with current methods failing to quantify uncertainty in a scientifically robust, evidence-based manner. This leads to a high degree of precaution and a lack of confidence in the evidence used to inform ORD consenting decisions. We review the methods used to estimate ornithological ORD impacts in the UK, a country at the forefront of ORD. We identify areas in which uncertainty quantification could be improved through statistical modelling, data collection, or adaptation of the assessment process. We develop a framework for end-to-end quantification of uncertainty, integrating uncertainty estimates from individual stages of the assessment process. Finally, we provide research recommendations to better quantify and reduce uncertainty, to lower future ORD consenting risk. These recommendations extend beyond the UK and could improve impact assessments in other countries with different legislative frameworks.
Error estimates for a linear folding model
Authors: Bartels Sören , Bonito Andrea , Tscherner Philipp 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
An interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin method is devised to approximate minimizers of a linear folding model by discontinuous isoparametric finite element functions that account for an approximation of a folding arc. The numerical analysis of the discrete model includes an a priori error estimate in case of an accurate representation of the folding curve by the isoparametric mesh. Additional estimates show that geometric consistency errors may be controlled separately if the folding arc is approximated by piecewise polynomial curves. Various numerical experiments are carried out to validate the a priori error estimate for the folding model.
Non-distributive positive logic as a fragment of first-order logic over semilattices
Authors: de Groot Jim 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We characterize non-distributive positive logic as the fragment of a single-sorted first-order language that is preserved by a new notion of simulation called a meet-simulation. Meet-simulations distinguish themselves from simulations because they relate pairs of states from one model to single states from another. En route to this result, we use a more traditional notion of simulations and prove a Hennessy–Milner-style theorem for it, using an analogue of modal saturation called meet-compactness.