bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting puffy dark matter with novel insights: partial wave analysis
Authors: Wang Wenyu , Xu Wu-Long , Yang Jin Min , Zhu Bin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We present a comprehensive study on the self-interaction cross-section of puffy dark matter (DM) particles, which have a significant intrinsic size compared to their Compton wavelength. For such puffy DM self-interaction cross-section in the resonant and classical regimes, our study demonstrates the significance of the Yukawa potential and the necessity of partial wave analysis: (i) Due to the finite-size effect of puffy DM particles, the new Yukawa potential of puffy DM is found to enlarge the Born-effective regime for the self-interaction cross-section, compared with the point-like DM; (ii) Our partial wave analysis shows that depending on the value of the ratio between Rχ (radius of a puffy DM particle) and 1/mϕ (force range), the three regimes (Born-effective, resonant and classical) for puffy DM self-interaction cross-section can be very different from the point-like DM; (iii) We find that to solve the small-scale anomalies via self-interacting puffy DM, the Born-effective and the resonant regimes exist for dwarf galaxies, while for the cluster and Milky Way galaxy the non-Born regime is necessary.
Beschleunigung per Gesetz – über Sinn und Sinnhaftigkeit der Legalplanung
Authors: Guckelberger Annette 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungObwohl das Maßnahmengesetzvorbereitungsgesetz erhebliche Kritik hervorgerufen hat, erhofft sich
auch die neue Bundesregierung von der Legalplanung einen maßgeblichen Beschleunigungseffekt für
die Realisierung von Infrastrukturvorhaben. Daher lohnt sich ein etwas genauerer Blick auf die Legalplanung.
TuckerDNCaching: high-quality negative sampling with tucker decomposition
Authors: Madushanka Tiroshan , Ichise Ryutaro 
Published: June 2023

AbstractKnowledge Graph Embedding (KGE) translates entities and relations of knowledge graphs (KGs) into a low-dimensional vector space, enabling an efficient way of predicting missing facts. Generally, KGE models are trained with positive and negative examples, discriminating positives against negatives. Nevertheless, KGs contain only positive facts; KGE training requires generating negatives from non-observed ones in KGs, referred to as negative sampling. Since KGE models are sensitive to inputs, negative sampling becomes crucial, and the quality of the negatives becomes critical in KGE training. Generative adversarial networks (GAN) and self-adversarial methods have recently been utilized in negative sampling to address the vanishing gradients observed with early negative sampling methods. However, they introduce the problem of false negatives with high probability. In this paper, we extend the idea of reducing false negatives by adopting a Tucker decomposition representation, i.e., TuckerDNCaching, to enhance the semantic soundness of latent relations among entities by introducing a relation feature space. TuckerDNCaching ensures the quality of generated negative samples, and the experimental results reflect that our proposed negative sampling method outperforms the existing state-of-the-art negative sampling methods.
Neural Network Inverse Optimal Control of Ground Vehicles
Authors: Cespi Riccardo , Di Gennaro Stefano , Castillo-Toledo Bernardino , Romero-Aragon Jorge Carlos , Ramírez-Mendoza Ricardo Ambrocio 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper an active controller for ground vehicles stability is presented. The objective of this controller is to force the vehicle to track a desired reference, ensuring safe driving conditions in the case of adhesion loss during hazardous maneuvers. To this aim, a nonlinear discrete-time inverse optimal control based on a neural network identification is designed, using a recurrent high order neural network (RHONN) trained by an Extended Kalman Filter. The RHONN ensures stability of the identification error, while the controller ensures the stability of the tracking errors. Moreover, a discrete-time reduced order state observer is utilized to reconstruct the lateral vehicle dynamic not usually available. For the control problem, the references of the lateral velocity and yaw rate are given by a dynamic system mimicking an ideal vehicle having not-decreasing tire lateral characteristics. The proposed approach avoids the identification of the Pacejka’s lateral parameters of the tires, so simplifying the input control determination. Moreover, an optimal control is proposed to optimize the actuator effort and power, usually bounded. Control gains are determined using optimal “nature-inspired" algorithms such as particle swarm optimization. Test maneuvers, performed through the full vehicle simulator CarSim®, have been used to test correctness, quality and performances of the observer, the neural identifier and the inverse optimal controller. Robustness of the reduced order discrete-time state observer is also discussed for different sample times. Finally, a fair comparison between optimal and non-optimal control schemes is presented, highlighting the numerical results obtained in simulation.
Network analysis with the aid of the path length matrix
Authors: Noschese Silvia , Reichel Lothar 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLet a network be represented by a simple graph $$\mathcal {G}$$
G
with n vertices. A common approach to investigate properties of a network is to use the adjacency matrix $$A=[a_{ij}]_{i,j=1}^n\in \mathbb {R}^{n\times n}$$

A
=

[

a

ij

]

i
,
j
=
1

n

∈

R

n
×
n

associated with the graph $$\mathcal {G}$$
G
, where $$a_{ij}>0$$

a

ij

>
0

if there is an edge pointing from vertex $$v_i$$

v
i

to vertex $$v_j$$

v
j

, and $$a_{ij}=0$$

a

ij

=
0

otherwise. Both A and its positive integer powers reveal important properties of the graph. This paper proposes to study properties of a graph $$\mathcal {G}$$
G
by also using the path length matrix for the graph. The $$(ij)^{th}$$

(
i
j
)

th

entry of the path length matrix is the length of the shortest path from vertex $$v_i$$

v
i

to vertex $$v_j$$

v
j

; if there is no path between these vertices, then the value of the entry is $$\infty $$
∞
. Powers of the path length matrix are formed by using min-plus matrix multiplication and are important for exhibiting properties of $$\mathcal {G}$$
G
. We show how several known measures of communication such as closeness centrality, harmonic centrality, and eccentricity are related to the path length matrix, and we introduce new measures of communication, such as the harmonic K-centrality and global K-efficiency, where only (short) paths made up of at most K edges are taken into account. The sensitivity of the global K-efficiency to changes of the entries of the adjacency matrix also is considered.
Implicit Values in the Recent Carbon Nanotube Debate
Authors: Surber Nicholas , Arvidsson Rickard , de Fine Licht Karl , Palmås Karl 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) are one of the first examples of nanotechnology, with a history of promising uses and high expectations. This paper uses the recent debate over their future to explore both ethical and value-laden statements which unsettle the notion of CNTs as a value-free nanotechnology and their regulation as purely a technical affair. A point of departure is made with the inclusion of CNTs on the Substitute-It-Now list by the Swedish NGO ChemSec, an assessment process that anticipates and complements the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) regulation in Europe. An argument map is constructed to illustrate the core contention in the debate—should CNTs be substituted or not—which follows from a systematic literature review and content analysis of sampled journal articles. Nine arguments are articulated that bolster one of two camps: the pro-substitution camp or the contra-substitution camp. Beneath these arguments are a set of three implicit values that animate these two camps in prescribing competing interventions to resolve the dispute: (i) environmental protection and human safety, (ii) good science, and (iii) technological progress. This leads to a discussion around the regulatory problem of safeguarding conflicting values in decision-making under sustained scientific uncertainty. Finally, the study suggests further empirical work on specific nanomaterials in a pivot away from the abstract, promissory nature of nanotechnology and other emerging technologies in science, technology, and innovation policy. The examination of ethics and values is useful for mapping controversies in science and technology studies of regulation, even amongst experts in cognate research fields like nanomedicine and nanotoxicology.
Opportunities to learn, technological pedagogical knowledge, and personal factors of pre-service teachers: understanding the link between teacher education program characteristics and student teacher learning outcomes in times of digitalization
Authors: Gerhard Kristina , Jäger-Biela Daniela J. , König Johannes 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDespite the need to foster pre-service teacher competence with respect to information and communication technology (ICT) integration in school during the current era of digitalization, scientific understanding of the correlation between the relevant characteristics of teacher education programs and student teachers’ learning outcomes remains limited. This paper thus examines the relationship between student teachers’ opportunities to learn (OTL) and technological pedagogical knowledge (TPK) with the aim of obtaining insights into their learning processes and the effectiveness of teachers’ preparation upon completing their bachelor studies. A sample of 338 student teachers in their 6th semester at the University of Cologne was used. Findings from path modeling reveal that measures of OTL relate to TPK. While no direct effect of technological pedagogical OTL on TPK was identified, an indirect effect between conventional pedagogical OTL and TPK, mediated by student teachers’ general pedagogical knowledge (GPK) was found. Among the personal factors that affect student teachers, their motivation for using ICT reveals a direct effect on TPK. Further factors, such as gender and teacher education program type have no effect on TPK. The findings will be discussed in relation to expectations of teacher education effectiveness.
Measuring the impact of tax loss carryforwards on capital structure choice: the accuracy of earnings-based proxies
Authors: Rechbauer Martina , Rünger Silke 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEmpirical studies on capital structure choice frequently control for whether or not a firm has tax loss carryforwards (TLCFs). However, tax data on TLCFs is often not available to researchers. As a consequence, many studies rely upon earnings-based information in order to determine whether a firm has TLCFs. In this paper, we study the accuracy of earnings-based proxies in predicting whether a firm has TLCFs. Our results, which are based upon a panel of Italian listed firms between 2009 and 2012, show that earnings-based proxies correctly predict whether a firm has TLCFs for 70–77% of all firm-year observations. Furthermore, for all but one proxy, we identify a non-random measurement error in TLCF variables that are built upon these proxies. We evaluate the consequences of this measurement error and find that it does not significantly change the estimated effects of TLCFs on capital structure choice for some proxies, including last year’s earnings before taxes. We conclude that last year’s earnings before taxes serves as an accurate proxy for a firm’s true TLCF status. It is easy to determine and leads to statistically and quantitatively similar conclusions as those reached using tax data on TLCFs.
Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction: What Clinicians and Investigators Should Know
Authors: Marano Paul , Wei Janet , Merz C. Noel Bairey 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Abnormal structure and function of the coronary microvasculature have been implicated in the pathophysiology of multiple cardiovascular disease processes. This article reviews recent research progress related to coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) and salient clinical takeaways.

Recent Findings
CMD is prevalent in patients with signs and symptoms of ischemia and no obstructive epicardial coronary artery disease (INOCA), particularly in women. CMD is associated with adverse outcomes, including most frequently the development of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. It is also associated with adverse outcomes in patient populations including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, and acute coronary syndromes. In patients with INOCA, stratified medical therapy guided by invasive coronary function testing to define the subtype of CMD leads to improved symptoms.

Summary
There are invasive and non-invasive methodologies to diagnose CMD that provide prognostic information and mechanistic information to direct treatment. Available treatments improve symptoms and myocardial blood flow; ongoing investigations aim to develop therapy to improve adverse outcomes related to CMD.
Bad Faith, Public Policy and Morality: How Open Concepts Shape Trade Mark Protection
Authors: Davis Jennifer , Żelechowski Łukasz 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe grounds for refusal or invalidity relating to trade marks filed in bad faith or being contrary to public policy or accepted principles of morality are based entirely on undefined concepts and require a value judgement to be made by the adjudicating authorities. This openness has led to the exploration of new lanes for these grounds in case law beyond the traditional scope of their application. This paper examines how the flexibility of the concepts at hand has led to considerable uncertainty in assessing whether a particular mark is registered in bad faith or offends against morality and public policy – and in some cases both. In particular, the objective, consistent viewpoint of the average consumer, which is normally applied in other areas of trade mark law, appears to be exiled from the analysis in these cases. In the case of bad faith, the assessment involves a subjective element, as there is a mandatory requirement that there should be bad faith intent on the part of the applicant. The paper argues that much of the uncertainty as to when bad faith applies could be overcome by adopting an objective viewpoint in its assessment. By contrast, the assessment of the offence against morality remains objective. It is based on the perception of a model member of society with average thresholds of sensitivity and tolerance who does not always overlap with the average consumer of the goods covered by a trade mark application. Infringement of public policy is also objective and is linked with offence against the “top-down” rules laid down by the public authority.
Sex and Sexual Identity Disparities in STDs and Their Mental Health or Substance Use Disorder Risk Factors Among Black/African American Adults
Authors: Adzrago David , Yeh Paul Gerardo , Choudhury Sumaita , Markham Christine 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThere is a lack of studies examining sexually transmitted disease (STD) diagnosis among subgroups of Black/African American population. We examined the association between STD diagnosis and sociodemographic, sexual identity, mental health, and substance use disorder factors based on sex among Black/African American adult population (N = 15,924). Secondary data analysis was computed using the 2017 to 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, a cross-sectional survey. The prevalence of STDs was higher among Black/African American females (3.01%) than among males (2.61%). Compared to heterosexual females, bisexual females were more likely to have STDs. Males who identified as gay or bisexual were more likely than heterosexual individuals to have STDs. Males or females who experienced marijuana use disorder were more likely than their counterparts to be diagnosed with STDs. Major depressive episode (MDE), alcohol use disorder (AUD), opioid use disorder (OUD), marijuana use disorder, and illicit drugs other than marijuana moderated the association between STD diagnosis and sexual identity based on sex. This study revealed differences in STD diagnosis based on the intersection of sex and sexual identity, mental health, and substance use among Black/African American adults for tailored intervention development efforts.
Continuous-time locally stationary time series models
Authors: Bitter Annemarie , Stelzer Robert , Ströh Bennet 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe adapt the classical definition of locally stationary processes in discrete time (see e.g. Dahlhaus, ‘Locally stationary processes’, in Time Series Analysis: Methods and Applications (2012)) to the continuous-time setting and obtain equivalent representations in the time and frequency domains. From this, a unique time-varying spectral density is derived using the Wigner–Ville spectrum. As an example, we investigate time-varying Lévy-driven state space processes, including the class of time-varying Lévy-driven CARMA processes. First, the connection between these two classes of processes is examined. Considering a sequence of time-varying Lévy-driven state space processes, we then give sufficient conditions on the coefficient functions that ensure local stationarity with respect to the given definition.
Optical rectification in 4H-SiC: paving the way to generate strong terahertz fields with ultra-wide bandwidth
Authors: Li Fangjie , Zhong Kai , Zhang Yiwen , Wu Tong , Liu Yuxin , Qiao Hongzhan , Li Jining , Xu Degang , Yao Jianquan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The 4H-SiC crystal is found to have great potential in terahertz generation via nonlinear optical frequency conversion due to its extremely high optical damage threshold, wide transparent range, etc. In this paper, optical rectification (OR) with tilted-pulse-front (TPF) setting based on the 4H-SiC crystal is proposed. The theory accounts for the optimization of incident pulse pre-chirping in the TPF OR process under high-intensity femtosecond laser pumping. Compared with the currently recognized LiNbO3-based TPF OR, which generates a single-cycle terahertz pulse within 3 THz, 4H-SiC demonstrates a significant advantage in producing ultra-widely tunable (up to over 14 THz, TPF angle 31°–38°) terahertz waves with high efficiency (~10–2) and strong field (~MV/cm). Besides, the spectrum characteristics, as well as the evolution from single- to multi-cycle terahertz pulses can be modulated flexibly by pre-chirping. The simulation results show that 4H-SiC enables terahertz frequency extending to an unprecedent range by OR, which has extremely important potential in strong-field terahertz applications.
Wars, Rulers, Rationality
Authors: Mann Michael 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article provides the conclusions of a study of wars which are relatively well-documented through the ages and across the continents of human settlement. The evidence on which these conclusions are based is to be found in my book On Wars published by Yale University Press in July 2023. There are two main conclusions. First, the initial decisions to make either war or peace have almost always been made by a small handful of rulers and their advisors, regardless of whether they inhabit autocratic or representative political systems. They are to blame for war, not the peoples. Second, wars are rarely rational in either means or ends. They are rarely carefully calculated and they rarely bring the the desired ends, with the exceptions of where big powers aggress against small ones, “sharks swallowing minnows”, and of wars fought in self-defense where there is a reasonable chance of success. This is because in addition to the element of rational calculation so stressed by Realist theory, rulers and their advisors are substantially driven by combinations of emotions and ideologies.
Teaching Senior Medical Students Mass Casualty Incident Management by 3D Tabletop Exercise without Lecture: Increase Students' Knowledge and Motivation
Authors: Chou Wei-Kuo , Lin Chien-Hao 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:Mass casualty incident (MCI) management was usually taught by lectures and then tested by exercises. However, the lecture may not be interesting and tabletop exercise (TTx) may not adequately engage participants, especially senior medical students. To solve these two problems, we think that a TTx using 3D models can be a good teaching method of MCI management for medical students.Method:A TTx of MCI in the emergency room (ER) was designed for senior medical students based on five core capabilities of MCI management: incident management system, event recognition and initiation of response, patient triage, surge capacity and capability, and recovery and demobilization. 3D models containing miniatures of the ER, hospital staff, patients, and other personnel were used in the TTx. No lecture was conducted before or during the exercise. Students needed to discuss how to respond to events in the incident and show their responses using the 3D models, and the instructor facilitated the discussion and gave feedback right after the students’ decision.Knowledge of each core capability was tested by four multiple-choice questions. The interest in learning disaster medicine and willingness to participate in MCI management were evaluated by questionnaire, along with quantitative feedback to the exercise. The same test and questionnaire were conducted before and after the TTx.Results:From September 2018 to May 2022, 326 students completed both pre- and post-exercise evaluations. The test scores of all five core capabilities, levels of interest, and willingness increased significantly after the exercise. Students thought the exercise was interesting and a good learning tool. Most students wanted to be notified of further training.Conclusion:A tabletop exercise using 3D models is an effective way to teach senior medical students MCI management and disaster medicine while increasing their interest in learning and willingness to participate.
Modulation of Tropical Cyclone Tracks and Rainfall by the North Atlantic Oscillation
Authors: Mazza Edoardo , Chen Shuyi S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUnderstanding and quantifying the large‐scale environmental control of spatio‐temporal tropical cyclone (TC) variability beyond a few weeks remains a challenge with significant implications for societal impacts. This study focuses on the relationship between the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and year‐to‐year changes in TC activity and rainfall using observational data and reanalysis products. We use Poisson regression models to show that low‐frequency NAO (LF‐NAO) variability is associated with a distinct pattern of TC activity, which extends across the western North Atlantic, the Caribbean Basin, and the Gulf of Mexico. The negative LF‐NAO phase is characterized by enhanced TC activity: an interquartile range decrease in the NAO corresponds to a 30%–40% increase in TC track density. While the NAO is known to affect the weather regimes of the mid‐latitudes, we show that its low‐frequency component has a strong correlation to the large‐scale environment across the Main Development Region of TCs. The negative LF‐NAO phase is associated with two favorable environmental conditions for TCs: significantly higher sea‐surface temperature and weaker deep‐tropospheric wind shear. The LF‐NAO relationship to TC activity is strongest during El Niño Southern Oscillation positive or neutral conditions and during the negative Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation phase, and it can also be detected in the basin‐scale variations of TC rainfall. By developing annual TC rainfall composites from satellite data and reanalysis products, we show that TC rainfall is strongly enhanced in the Caribbean and in the Gulf of Mexico during the negative LF‐NAO phase.