bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a toroidal-shaped trap in the strong confinement regime
Authors: Hong Younghun , Jin Sangdon 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We consider the 3D cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS) with a strong toroidal-shaped trap. In the first part, we show that as the confinement is strengthened, a large class of global solutions to the time-dependent model can be described by 1D flows solving the 1D periodic NLS (theorem 1.4). In the second part, we construct a steady state as a constrained energy minimizer, and prove its dimension reduction to the well-known 1D periodic ground state (theorems 1.6 and 1.7). Then, employing the dimension reduction limit, we establish the local uniqueness and the orbital stability of the 3D ring soliton (theorem 1.8). These results justify the emergence of stable quasi-1D periodic dynamics for Bose–Einstein condensates on a ring in physics experiments.
The death of the short-form physics essay in the coming AI revolution
Authors: Yeadon Will , Inyang Oto-Obong , Mizouri Arin , Peach Alex , Testrow Craig P 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The latest AI language modules can produce original, high quality full short-form (300-word) Physics essays within seconds. These technologies such as ChatGPT and davinci-003 are freely available to anyone with an internet connection. In this work, we present evidence of AI generated short-form essays achieving First-Class grades on an essay writing assessment from an accredited, current university Physics module. The assessment requires students answer five open-ended questions with a short, 300-word essay each. Fifty AI answers were generated to create ten submissions that were independently marked by five separate markers. The AI generated submissions achieved an average mark of

71
±
2
%

, in strong agreement with the current module average of

71
±
5
%

. A typical AI submission would therefore most-likely be awarded a First Class, the highest classification available at UK universities. Plagiarism detection software returned a plagiarism score between

2
±
1

% (Grammarly) and

7
±
2

% (TurnitIn). We argue that these results indicate that current natural language processing AI represent a significant threat to the fidelity of short-form essays as an assessment method in Physics courses.
Composition of coin and alloys in 2 euro coin
Authors: Rovšek Barbara 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A few years ago, 14 year old students at the Slovenian physics competition were given the experimental task of measuring the composition of two alloys used in 2 euro coins. By performing some simple but as accurate as possible measurements of the density of the coin (and its parts) with simple measuring devices and applying some simple and justified assumptions, a surprisingly good estimate of the composition of the 2 euro coins was obtained. In this paper, we describe the density measurements performed to solve the experimental task and present the basic results of the competition.
Design of a 240 GHz on-chip dual-polarization receiver for SIS mixer arrays
Authors: Wenninger Jakob , Boussaha Faouzi , Chaumont Christine , Tan Boon-Kok , Yassin Ghassan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We report the design of a compact dual-polarization on-chip superconductor–insulator–superconductor receiver for array applications. The planar-circuit receiver chip is comprised of the entire radio frequency (RF) signal processing chain with three main circuit components alongside some auxiliary circuits: (1) a polarization splitting 4-probe orthomode transducer (OMT) that couples the RF and local oscillator signal from free space to the chip via a drilled feedhorn; (2) two hybrids that recombine the power of each polarization from the two sets of orthogonal OMT probes; and (3) twin-junction Nb/AlOx/Nb mixers that downconvert the recombined signals to the intermediate frequency. We ensure that the four side walls of each pixel are free from obscuration, using only the top and bottom of the pixel for various connections. Consequently, the design is extendable to a large format array. In this paper, we present the detailed design of the on-chip receiver, including extensive heterodyne simulations and its potential extension into a large format array.
Stability of dust-acoustic solitary waves in magnetized dusty plasmas: effect of polarization force and degenerate electron temperature
Authors: Abdikian A , Sultana S 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The influence of polarization force, trapped degenerate electrons, and nonthermal ions on the propagation characteristics of dust acoustic solitary waves (DASWs) in a magnetized dusty plasma is investigated. The reductive perturbation approach has been adopted to derive the extended Zakharov-Kuznetsov (eZK) equation and the solitary pulse solution is obtained to investigate the characteristics of DASWs. Pulse stability has also been analysed following the method proposed by Allen and Rowlands. Influence of different relevant plasma parameters on the growth rate of DASWs is studied. It is also found that the relevant plasma parameters have significant impact on the instability criteria of DASWs. This investigation is useful in explaining the nonlinear structures in ultra-dense degenerate plasma media which may exist in astrophysical compact objects (e.g., white dwarfs, neutron stars, etc.) and high density plasma experiments in which plasma degeneracy and relativistic effects play an important role.
An adaptive digital filter for quasi-Gaussian pulse shaping
Authors: Hong Xu , Li Lin , Wu Junlong , Yang Xiaoyan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The radiation detector output is often shaped into Gaussian
or quasi-Gaussian shape to improve the measurement performance. An
adaptive digital Step-Gaussian filter is presented for
quasi-Gaussian pulse shaping in this paper. It can be applied for
both exponential decay input and step input. The transfer function
of the filter is established. The amplitude-frequency features of
the new filter are compared with the PZC-(RC)
n
filter and the
CR-(RC)
n
filter. The results indicate that the new filter has
the same amplitude-frequency features as the PZC-(RC)
n
filter
and it possesses more effective filter performance than the
CR-(RC)
n
filter. An X-ray fluorescence measurement system based
on a FAST-SDD detector is set up for experiments. The proposed
filter is verified by the measured pulses that are generated from a
manganese sample. The shape of the filter output shows that the
Step-Gaussian filter can eliminate the undershoot that exists in the
CR-(RC)
n
filter output. The amplitude spectrums with different
shaping times are created to study the shape of the characteristic
peak. The results show that the Step-Gaussian filter can cancel the
low-energy peak tailing of the 5.89 keV peak. The peak shape
parameter, FWTM/FWHM ratio, is also introduced to evaluate the
performance of peak shape improvement. The 5.89 keV peaks of the
spectrums that are generated by using Step-Gaussian filter are
closer to Gaussian distribution than that of the CR-(RC)
n

filter.
Effects of surface roughness and counter body variables on the dry sliding wear behavior of AISI 4140 steel based on the elastoplastic flattening model
Authors: Küçük Yılmaz , Erdoğan Azmi , Kurşuncu Bilal , Gök M Sabri 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effect of surface roughness and counter body material on the wear behavior of AISI 4140 steel based on the elastoplastic flattening model. Most studies in tribology based on the elastoplastic regime focus on modeling the contact between a sphere and a flat surface. However, these models’ main challenge is determining the real contact area. This study claims that the real contact area can be detected with high accuracy through interface software used in optical microscopy. The sample surfaces were roughened and then supposed to dry sliding wear tests using the AISI 52100 and Al2O3 abrasive counter bodies under varying loads and test durations. It was concluded from the calculations that the sample’s surface roughness value significantly affects the contact pair’s plasticity index and, thus, the sample’s wear behavior against the counter body material. Higher plasticity index values indicating the abrasive effect were obtained with the Al2O3 ball, which has a higher hardness and elasticity modulus than the AISI 52100 steel ball. The surface damage of the sample with a high roughness value was less than the other samples. The COF values obtained with the steel ball were detected as lower than that of the alumina ball. Also, it was seen that the surface roughness parameter and plasticity index values calculated were compatible with the wear characteristics of the test samples. As a result, determining the real contact area between the contacting surfaces and its usability in calculating the elastoplastic flattening model parameters were experimentally tested and verified.
Non-volatile electric control of magnetic and topological properties of MnBi2Te4 thin films
*
Authors: Luo Wei , Du Mao-Hua , Reboredo Fernando A , Yoon Mina 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this letter, we propose a mechanism to control the magnetic properties of topological quantum material (TQM) by using magnetoelectric coupling: this mechanism uses a heterostructure of TQM with two-dimensional (2D) ferroelectric material, which can dynamically control the magnetic order by changing the polarization of the ferroelectric material and induce possible topological phase transitions. This concept is demonstrated using the example of the bilayer MnBi2Te4 on ferroelectric In2Se3 or In2Te3, where the polarization direction of the 2D ferroelectrics determines the interfacial band alignment and consequently the direction of the charge transfer. This charge transfer, in turn, enhances the stability of the ferromagnetic state of MnBi2Te4 and leads to a possible topological phase transition between the quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect and the zero plateau QAH. Our work provides a route to dynamically alter the magnetic ordering of TQMs and could lead to the discovery of new multifunctional topological heterostructures.
ASHP National Survey of Pharmacy Practice in Hospital Settings: Workforce — 2022
Authors: Pedersen Craig A , Schneider Philip J , Ganio Michael C , Scheckelhoff Douglas J 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Results of the 2022 ASHP National Survey of Pharmacy Practice in Hospital Settings are presented.

Methods
Pharmacy directors at 1,498 general and children’s medical/surgical hospitals in the United States were surveyed using a mixed-mode method of contact by email and mail. Survey completion was online. IQVIA supplied data on hospital characteristics; the survey sample was drawn from IQVIA’s hospital database.

Results
The response rate was 23.7%. Inpatient pharmacists independently prescribe in 27.1% of hospitals. Advanced analytics are used in 8.7% of hospitals. Pharmacists work in ambulatory or primary care clinics in 51.6% of hospitals operating outpatient clinics. Some level of pharmacy service integration is reported in 53.6% of hospitals. More advanced pharmacy technician roles are emerging. For health systems offering hospital at home services, 65.9% of pharmacy departments are involved. Shortages of pharmacists and technicians were reported but are more acute for pharmacy technicians. Aspects of burnout are being measured in 34.0% of hospitals, and 83.7% are attempting to prevent and mitigate burnout. The average number of full-time equivalents per 100 occupied beds is 16.9 for pharmacists and 16.1 for pharmacy technicians.

Conclusion
Health-system pharmacies are experiencing workforce shortages; however, these shortages have had limited impact on budgeted positions. Workforce challenges are influencing the work of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians. Adoption of practice advancement initiatives has continued the positive trend from past years despite workforce issues.
Magnesium in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome: a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Airagnes Guillaume , Valter Rémi , Ducoutumany Géraldine , Vansteene Clément , Trabut Jean-Baptiste , Gorwood Philip , Dubertret Caroline , Matta Joane , Charles-Nelson Anais , Limosin Frédéric 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective
Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) is a frequent and potentially life-threatening condition experienced in alcohol use disorder. Since hypomagnesemia is involved in AWS’s severity, we conducted a multicenter double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial to examine the efficacy of oral magnesium supplementation as an adjuvant therapy of AWS.

Material and Methods
Inpatients were recruited in six different centers if they had a baseline score higher than eight on the Revised Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol (CIWA-Ar). The experimental treatment was magnesium lactate dehydrate, administrated three times per day providing a total of 426.6 mg per day and up to 15 days. The primary endpoint was the significant between-group difference of the CIWA-Ar total score change from baseline to 3 days later. The treatment group and baseline score were introduced as covariables in an analysis of covariance.

Results
A total of 98 inpatients were included {71.4% of men; mean age of 49.1 years [standard deviation (SD): 10.3]}. In the intention-to-treat population, the mean reduction of the CIWA-Ar score in the experimental group between baseline and 3 days later was 10.1 (SD: 5.2), whereas it was 9.2 (SD: 3.9) in the control group. The absolute difference of the adjusted mean in the experimental group compared with the control group was −0.69 (SD: 0.72), which did not correspond to a significant between-group difference (P = 0.34). Per-protocol analysis and sensitivity analyses also supported this result. Supplementary analyses found no significant difference regarding benzodiazepine consumption, magnesium blood concentration, and satisfaction to care.

Conclusions
The present study does not support the rationale of systematic oral magnesium supplementation in patients with AWS.
The Quest for International Legal Status: On Finn Seyersted and the Challenges of Theorizing International Organizations Law
Authors: Bordin Fernando Lusa 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
After so many decades since the emergence of international organizations, the question of their international legal status – the terms on which they participate in the international legal system – remains the subject of debate. Among all the scholars that have contributed to this debate, Finn Seyersted stands out for having offered a forward-looking, sophisticated and uncompromising account of what international organizations are under general international law and of what international rights, obligations and capacities they consequently possess. Yet Seyersted is perceived as a left-field scholar with a bee in his bonnet. His work is often name-checked but rarely engaged with properly. This article highlights Seyersted’s invaluable contribution to the theory of international organizations, which has the merit, among others, of having sensed the direction in which international practice was going. It also ponders how Seyersted’s relative lack of success in becoming a more influential scholar can be viewed as a cautionary tale, for there are empirical, conceptual and normative challenges in the quest for international legal status that his work was not able to meet.
The prediction of shale gas reservoir parameters through a multilayer transfer learning network
Authors: Wang Min , Guo XinPing , Tang HongMing , Yu WeiMing , Zhao Peng , Shi XueWen 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARY
Due to the strong heterogeneity of the reservoir, it is difficult to extend the classical reservoir parameter prediction model to the new work area. Traditional geological methods rely on experience, while machine learning algorithms lack consideration of reservoir heterogeneity. This makes it impossible for these methods to achieve good predictive performance in new work areas. In this paper, we discuss designing a multilayer deep transfer learning network (MDTL). The network enables accurate prediction of reservoir parameters in new areas based on core and logging data from mature areas. For the architectural design, we establish a network structure that realizes data interaction in different work areas. For network parameter optimization, we design a multilayer maximum mean discrepancy loss function. It guides network training to learn feature knowledge about data in different work areas. For logging data processing, we explore a support vector machine method to remove abnormal noise in logging data. We apply MDTL to predict shale gas porosity and total organic carbon content in southern Sichuan. Compared to state-of-the-art reservoir parameter prediction models, MDTL achieves the best performance in new well areas. The network integrates the idea of multilayer transfer learning, reduces the influence of reservoir heterogeneity and effectively ensures the prediction accuracy.
A superconducting gravimeter on the island of Heligoland for the high-accuracy determination of regional ocean tide loading signals of the North Sea
Authors: Voigt Christian , Sulzbach Roman , Timmen Ludger , Dobslaw Henryk , Weise Adelheid , Deng Zhiguo , Stolarczuk Nico , Pflug Hartmut , Peters Heino , Fietz Michael , Thomas Maik , Förste Christoph , Flechtner Frank 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARY
The superconducting gravimeter GWR iGrav 047 has been installed on the small offshore island of Heligoland in the North Sea approximately at sea level with the overall aim of high-accuracy determination of regional tidal and non-tidal ocean loading signals. For validation, a second gravimeter (gPhoneX 152) has been setup within a gravity gradiometer approach to observe temporal gravity variations in parallel on the upper land of Heligoland. This study covers the determination of regional ocean tide loading (OTL) parameters based on the two continuous gravimetric time-series after elimination of the height-dependent gravity component by empirical transfer functions between the local sea level from a nearby tide gauge and local attraction effects. After reduction of all gravity recordings to sea level, both gravimeters provide very similar height-independent OTL parameters for the eight major diurnal and semidiurnal waves with estimated amplitudes between 0.3 nm s−2 (Q1) and 11 nm s−2 (M2) and RMSE of 0.1–0.2 nm s−2 for 2 yr of iGrav 047 observations and a factor of 2 worse for 1.5 yr of gPhoneX 152 observations. The mean absolute OTL amplitude differences are 0.3 nm s−2 between iGrav 047 and gPhoneX 152, 0.4 nm s−2 between iGrav 047 and the ocean tide model FES2014b and 0.7 nm s−2 between gPhoneX 152 and FES2014b which is in good agreement with the uncertainty estimations. As by-product of this study, OTL vertical displacements are estimated from the height-independent OTL gravity results from iGrav 047 applying proportionality factors ${\rm d}h/{\rm d}g$ for the eight major waves. These height-to-gravity ratios and the corresponding phase shifts are derived from FES2014b. The OTL vertical displacements from iGrav 047 are estimated with amplitudes between 0.4 mm (Q1) and 5.1 mm (M2) and RMSE of 0.1–0.7 mm. These OTL amplitudes agree with FES2014b within 0.0 (M2) and 0.8 mm (K1) with a mean difference of 0.3 mm only. The OTL amplitudes from almost 5 yr of GNSS observations show deviations of up to 6 mm (M2) compared to vertical displacements from both iGrav 047 and FES2014b, which suggests systematic effects included in the estimation of OTL vertical displacements from GNSS. With the demonstrated accuracy, height-independent sensitivity in terms of gravity and vertical displacements along with the high temporal resolution and the even better performance with length of time-series, iGrav 047 delivers the best observational signal for OTL which is representative for a large part of the North Sea.
Salt reconstruction in full-waveform inversion using topology optimization techniques
Authors: Gonçalves J F , Silva E C N 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARY
With the increasing advances in the oil and gas industry, seismic imaging near or under salt structures has become an important point in deep-water exploration. Detailed velocity models of these areas are particularly interesting not only to characterize hydrocarbon reservoirs but also to identify potential sites for hydrogen and carbon dioxide storage in offshore salt caverns. Thus, we study the full-waveform inversion for the salt reconstruction in acoustic media with constant density considering the time-harmonic wave propagation in a finite element formulation using the topology optimization (TO) method. This problem is challenging due to the strong velocity contrast between salt bodies and the sedimentary background, in addition to the lack of low-frequency data and the inherent ill-posedness of the inverse problem. In this context, we incorporate techniques from the TO field, usually used in design applications, to overcome or reduce these known problems. We initially defined the squared slowness as a combination of two fields, one related to the salt shape and the other to the background. An interpolation rule based on the solid isotropic material with penalization method, combined with filtering and projection schemes, is used to find the shape of the salt bodies with increased sharpness interfaces. A Helmholtz-type filter is applied to modify the gradient aimed to regularize the problem and provide a more stable way for the salt shape to evolve during the inversion process. In particular, we demonstrate that the proposed approach may be relevant for reconstructing media with salt bodies when a suitable starting model is unavailable, and sharp interfaces are required. In addition, we present inversion results from synthetic data generated by a variable density model to demonstrate the approach capability when subjected to a reconstruction application.
Noninvasive metabolic profiling of cumulus cells, oocytes, and embryos via fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy: a mini-review
Authors: Venturas Marta , Yang Xingbo , Sakkas Denny , Needleman Dan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A major challenge in ART is to select high-quality oocytes and embryos. The metabolism of oocytes and embryos has long been linked to their viability, suggesting the potential utility of metabolic measurements to aid in selection. Here, we review recent work on noninvasive metabolic imaging of cumulus cells, oocytes, and embryos. We focus our discussion on fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) of the autofluorescent coenzymes NAD(P)H and flavine adenine dinucleotide (FAD+), which play central roles in many metabolic pathways. FLIM measurements provide quantitative information on NAD(P)H and FAD+ concentrations and engagement with enzymes, leading to a robust means of characterizing the metabolic state of cells. We argue that FLIM is a promising approach to aid in oocyte and embryo selection.