bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A supervised contrast learning text classification model based on two-layer data augmentation
Authors: Wu Liang , Zhang Fangfang , Song Shinan , Cheng Chao 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Supervised comparative learning makes the spatial features of similar samples close to each other by category information. However, currently supervised contrast learning relies more on the spatial feature representation of the original data, which lacks enough intra-class variation to obtain good results when training data is lacking. A supervised comparative learning text classification model based on two-layer data augmentation(TDACL) has been presented to improve intra-class diversity and gain better feature representation, which serves the text classification task.TDACL first improves intra-class diversity using keyword-based data augmentation in the input layer and interpolated data augmentation in the hidden layer.Afterward, a compact intra-class feature space is learned using contrast loss. Experiments in low-resource environments show that our approach is more effective in improving the performance of the model when training data is scarce. We conducted experiments on four different datasets, SST-2, CR, TREC, and PC, achieving 92.10%, 92.54%, 97.61%, and 95.27% accuracy, respectively, outperforming the robust baseline approach.
Insights into the relationship between hydraulic safety, hydraulic efficiency and tree structural complexity from terrestrial laser scanning and fractal analysis
Authors: Dorji Yonten , Isasa Emilie , Cabral Juliano Sarmento , Tobgay Tashi , Annighöfer Peter , Schuldt Bernhard , Seidel Dominik 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

The potential of trees to adapt to drier and hotter climates will determine the future state of forests in the wake of a changing climate. Attributes connected to trees’ hydraulic network are likely to determine their ability to endure drought. However, how a tree's architectural attributes relate to its drought tolerance remains understudied. We set out to quantify the relationship between tree structural complexity and drought tolerance. We used terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) to scan 71 trees of 18 species and generated 3D attributes of each tree. We constructed quantitative structure models (QSMs) to characterize the branching patterns of all study trees. Additionally, the box-dimension approach from fractal analysis was used to assess overall structural complexity of the trees. Three measures of xylem safety, i.e., the water potential at 12%, 50%, and 88% loss of hydraulic conductance (P12, P50, P88), were measured to characterize drought tolerance of the trees’ hydraulic systems, completed by data on specific hydraulic conductivity (Ks). Our findings revealed a significant relationship between the structural complexity (Db) and the three measures of xylem safety as well as Ks. Tree species with low structural complexity developed embolism-resistant xylem at the cost of hydraulic efficiency. Our findings also revealed that the Db had a more pronounced and significant relationship with branch hydraulic safety and efficiency than all other tested structural attributes. Our findings indicate that the Db is a robust and easy-to-measure descriptor of tree architecture that relates to important branch hydraulic properties of a tree.
Kurdish Sorani dialect Morphological Verb Generation Using a Concatenative Rule-based Strategy
Authors: Aziz Kardo O. , Teimoor Ramyar A. , Tofiq Tofiq A. , Salih Dilman A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Morphological generation in natural language processing involves the generation of correct inflected forms of words based on a given set of morphological rules. However, morphological generation in languages with complex morphological systems such as the Kurdish Sorani dialect can be challenging. This paper proposes a novel approach to morphological generation in Kurdish Sorani, based on concatenative morphology. The proposed approach aims to overcome the limitations of existing methods and improve the accuracy and efficiency of morphological generation in Kurdish Sorani. The proposed method is for generating Kur- dish morphological verb tenses with all the possible subjective and objective pronouns in both positive and negative forms. The paper provides a thorough analysis of the morphology of Kurdish Sorani and identifies the challenges in generating correct word forms. The authors propose a morphological generation system based on concatenative morphology, which consists of a morphological analyzer and a morphological generator.
EDTA facilitated phytoextraction of Pb, Cd and Zn from a lead – zinc mine contaminated soil by three new accumulator plants (Marrubium cuneatum, Stipa arabica and Verbascum speciosum)
Authors: Hosseinniaee Sadegh , Jafari Mohammad , Tavili Ali , Zare Salman , Cappai Giovanna 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the enhancement of phytoextraction of heavy metals Pb, Cd and Zn by speciesM. cuneatum, S. arabica and V. speciosum, through EDTA amendment. Assisted phytoextraction pot experiments were performed at different EDTA dosages (0, 1, 3 and 5 mmol kg-1soil). Generally, applying EDTA decreased pH and increased EC, while no significant effect was observed on organic matter, nitrogen, and exchangeable K and P. Also the activity of soil dehydrogenase enzyme was inhibited at 5 mmol kg-1EDTA.The phytoavailability of Cd, Pb and Zn increased significantly in the presence of EDTA, followed by the contents of them in the tissues of all three studied speciesamplified. Resulting from oxidative stress caused by the accumulation of metals, the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as, glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) increased, when chelating agent was added. EDTA showed fluctuating effect on malondialdehyde (MDA) content and in higher doses it partially decreased chlorophyll concentration. EDTA at the level of 1 and 3 mmol kg-1enhanced the plant growth, but 5 mmol kg-1of that reduced the biomass of the studied species. The Bioconcentration factor (BCF) for Cd was notably high in all studied plants, and considerably elevated for Zn and Pb with the addition of EDTA inM. cuneatumandS. arabica(BCF>1), whilst accumulation factor greater one (AF>1) were found for Cd in all species and for Pb in the case ofS. arabica. Predictive models for metal accumulation in plant tissues were developed using stepwise multiple linear regression, with pH and Cd showing the highest contribution to interpretation and variability of the dependent variables. In general, the results demonstrated that EDTA can be an effective amendment for phytoextraction of Cd, Zn and Pb byM. cuneatum,V. speciosumandS. arabicain contaminated soils.
Classification of lumbar spondylosis from MRI images using CNN ensemble method
Authors: Kassaw Ewunate Assaye , Enyew Bekele Mulat , Abitew Abebe Alemu , Gebrewold Yonathan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Due to an unfavorable ratio between the mechanical load and the size of the intervertebral discs, lumbar spondylosis, one of the most common causes of morbidity and disability. The preferred imaging technique for determining the origins of complex lower back pain is MRI. Healthcare systems in underdeveloped countries have a shortage of radiologists. Developing a CNN ensemble model for diagnosing lumbar spondylosis from MRI images was the aim of this study.
Methods: 11158 T1 and T2 labeled MRI scans were collected from the University of Gondar specialized hospital and prepared for image processing. Since the median filter performed better than the others, it was chosen to denoise the data. The data was then augmented and split into an 80:20 train test ratio. An ensemble model was built by concatenating the proposed CNN and VGG19 models. Finally, the model was deployed.
Results: An ensemble model achieved strong performance of 98.16% accuracy, 98% recall, and 98% precision. The GUI provides a setting appropriate for routine model usage.
Conclusion: The research confirms that lumbar spondylosis can be diagnosed using MRI data and a CNN ensemble model.
Reconstructing diagenetic mineral reactions from silicified horizons of the Paleoproterozoic Biwabik Iron Formation, Minnesota
Authors: Duncanson Samuel , Brengman Latisha , Johnson Jena , Eyster Athena , Fournelle John , Moy Aurélien 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Primary phases in iron-rich chemical sedimentary rocks are important archives of seawater geo-chemistry throughout the Precambrian. The record of seawater chemistry, however, is obscured by post-depositional changes that occur during diagenesis, metamorphism, and modern weathering. Recent studies have identified silica-cemented horizons in some Archean and Paleoproterozoic iron formation that may preserve reduced, texturally early mineral phases, which may inform interpretations of oxygen dynamics preceding atmospheric oxygen accumulation before the ~2.3 Ga Great Oxidation Event (GOE). However, fewer investigations focus on silica-cemented horizons in Paleoproterozoic iron formation deposited after the GOE, a period where oxygen levels are poorly constrained. Here, we present petrographic observations, scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe analysis, and Raman spectroscopy of iron mineral phases preserved within silica-cemented horizons of the ~1.9 Ga Biwabik Iron Formation (Minnesota, U.S.A.) to constrain texturally early iron formation mineralogy from this crucial post-GOE interval. Based on textural relationships, the iron silicate greenalite is identified as the earliest-forming iron silicate mineral preserved within silica-cemented horizons. The magnesium- and aluminum-rich iron silicates chamosite and stilpnomelane are preserved proximal to fine-grained, non-silicified horizons, suggesting local geochemical exchange during early diagenesis. The presence of well preserved, early-forming silicates containing predominantly ferrous iron may indicate reducing conditions at the sediment-water interface during deposition of the Biwabik Iron Formation. More definitively, future studies using iron silicate mineralogy as seawater geochemistry proxies should consider preservation by silica cementation, in addition to the effects of local geochemical exchange during diagenesis.
contribuição do uso de plantas medicinais na autonomia dos cuidados com a saúde
Authors: Rocha de Castro Marta 
Published: March 2023

O uso de plantas medicinais, difundido mundialmente e utilizado há milhares de anos por populações tradicionais e povos originários é oficializado no Brasil com a criação da Política Nacional de Plantas Medicinais e Fitoterápicos e a inclusão dessa prática no sistema oficial de saúde no Brasil. A política entre outros objetivos valoriza o conhecimento tradicional e popular do uso de plantas e possibilita outra forma de cuidado, baseado em relações mais horizontais, trocas de conheciemtno além de incentivar outra abordagem de cuidado e do processo saúde\ doença. O presente artigo traz uma reflexão sobre os diferentes significados da saúde e do cuidado e como o uso de plantas medicinais no SUS pode contribuir com o autocuidado\ autoatenção das pessoas. Para enriquecer a discussão, trouxemos trechos de entrvistas feitas com agentes importantes na criação e desenvolvimento da PNPMF sobre o tema. Concluímos que a inclusão do uso de plantas no SUS têm grandes possibilidades de fomentar a transmissão e a valorização do conhecimento tradicional de contribuir com outras as práticas de cuidado, em decorrência de atuar de forma a promover o cultivo, a produção dos remédios caseiros, possibilidades mais efetivas de mudanças nas práticas de cuidado, reduzindo o protagonismo dos procedimentos biomédicos ou, pelo menos, ofertando outras possibilidades de tratamentos, além de fomentar o autocuidado das pessoas.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Nitrogen Heterocycles Using β-Nitrostyrenes as
Substrates
Authors: Li Chunmei , Zhou Xiang , Zhang Furen , Shen Zhenlu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract::
The exploration of synthetic methodologies that allow rapid access to a wide variety of
N-heterocycles is of critical importance to the medicinal chemist as it provides the ability to expand
the available drug-like chemical space and drives more efficient drug discovery programs.
β-Nitrostyrenes, as unique active intermediates, have been widely applied in synthetic organic
chemistry because of their versatile utility as pharmaceutical agents and agrochemicals. In this
review, we summarize the recent development and application of the elegant and efficient methods
that enable the concise synthesis of N-heterocycles from β-nitrostyrenes and various partners
in a step- and atom-economic manner, including cascade reactions, C-H activation, regio- and
stereoselective syntheses, as well as other novel syntheses, which will potentially provide useful
insights for further exploring and designing novel reactions.
The Role of Shear Stress in Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Siasos Gerasimos , Tsigkou Vasiliki , Coskun Ahmet Umit , Oikonomou Evangelos , Zaromitidou Marina , Lerman Lilach O. , Lerman Amir , Stone Peter H. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract:Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, espe-cially in developed countries, with an increasing incidence in developing countries. Despite the ad-vances in cardiology, there are yet many unanswered questions about the natural history of coronary atherosclerosis. However, it has not been fully explained why some coronary artery plaques remain quiescent over time, whereas others evolve to a high-risk, “vulnerable” plaque with a predisposition to destabilize and induce a cardiac event. Furthermore, approximately half of the patients with acute coronary syndromes demonstrate no prior symptoms of ischemia or angiographically evident dis-ease. Recent findings have indicated that apart from cardiovascular risk factors, genetics, and other unknown factors, local hemodynamic forces, such as endothelial shear stress, blood flow patterns, and endothelial dysfunction of the epicardial and microvascular coronary arteries, are associated with the progression of coronary plaque and the development of cardiovascular complications with complex interactions. In this review article, we summarize the mechanisms that affect coronary ar-tery plaque progression, indicating the importance of endothelial shear stress, endothelial dysfunc-tion of epicardial and microvascular vessels, inflammation, and their complex associations, underly-ing in parallel the clinical perspectives of these findings.
Pseudocoarctation of the Arch and the Abdominal Aorta: A Review
Authors: Mahadevappa Manjappa , Kulkarni Prashanth , Attri Lakshay , Basavaraj Nidhi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract::
Pseudocoarctaion of the aorta is a rare congenital anomaly occurring in isolation or with
other congenital heart diseases. The anatomical basis of the condition is linked to an elongated, redundant
aorta which may affect the arch, or the abdominal aorta rarely giving rise to kink and
buckling without causing any significant functional stenosis. It should be carefully differentiated
from the common true coarctation of the aorta. No clinical features are specific to pseudo coarctation
and are often diagnosed incidentally. Although asymptomatic in the majority, few patients can
have nonspecific symptoms and complications due to aneurysm formation, dissection, or rupture of
the aorta. Hence Pseudocoarctaion should be closely followed for the onset of symptoms or possible
complications. Without recommendations, no specific therapy is indicated in asymptomatic patients,
although symptoms and complications warrant definitive treatment. As the natural history of
the disease is unknown, the condition, when diagnosed, should be closely followed up for the occurrence
of any complications. This article reports a pseudo aortic coarctation involving the arch
and a brief literature review of this rare congenital anomaly.
IDO2-siRNA Carried by Salmonella Combined with Nifuroxazide Attenuates
Melanoma Growth
Authors: Zhao Tiesuo , Guo Mengmeng , Chen Haoqi , Zhou Lin , Guo Jing , Liu Shenzhen , Wang Zizhong , Huang Wenshuai , Zhang Qiang , Zhong Jiateng , Wang Mingyong , Jia Huijie , Zhang Yongxi 
Published: March 2023

Background::
Melanoma, a highly malignant skin cancer, is a hot topic in oncology treatment
research. Nowadays, tumor immunotherapy, especially immunotherapy combined with other
therapies, has attracted more and more attention. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (IDO2), a ratelimiting
enzyme of the tryptophan metabolism pathway in the urine of dogs with immunosuppression,
is highly expressed in melanoma tissue. Additionally, IDO2 significantly inhibits the anti-tumor immunity
of the body and has become a novel target of melanoma treatment. Nifuroxazide, as an intestinal
antibacterial agent, was found to be able to inhibit Stat3 expression and exert an anti-tumor effect.
Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the therapeutic effect of a self-designed IDO2-small interfering
RNA (siRNA) delivered by attenuated Salmonella combined with nifuroxazide on melanoma-
bearing mice, as well as determine its underlying mechanism.

Methods::
The effect of nifuroxazide on melanoma was detected by flow cytometry, CCK-8 and colony-
forming ability assays, respectively, in vitro. The plasmid of siRNA-IDO2 was constructed, and
the mice-bearing melanoma model was established. After the treatment, the tumor growth and survival
rate were monitored, and the morphological changes of tumor tissue were detected by HE staining.
The expression of related proteins was detected by Western blotting, and the expression of CD4 and
CD8 positive T cells in tumor tissue was detected by IHC and IF, and the proportion of CD4 and CD8
positive T cells in spleen was detected by flow cytometry.

Results::
The results demonstrated that the combination therapy effectively inhibited the phosphorylation
of Stat3 and the expression level of IDO2 in melanoma cells, which effectively inhibited tumor
growth and prolonged the survival time of tumor-bearing mice. The mechanistic study revealed that,
compared with control groups and monotherapy groups, the combination treatment group reduced the
atypia of tumor cells, increased the apoptotic rate, enhanced the infiltration of T lymphocytes in tumor
tissue and increased the CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the spleen, suggesting that the mechanism
may be associated with the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, the increase of apoptosis and the enhancement
of the cellular immunity.

Conclusion::
In conclusion, IDO2-siRNA combined with nifuroxazide therapy could serve a significant
role in the treatment of melanoma-bearing mice, enhance the tumor immunity and provide an experimental
basis for identifying a novel combination method for the treatment of melanoma clinically.
Formulation and Evaluation of Invasomal and Ethosomal Gel for Curcumin and Determination of Anti- Fungal Activity
Authors: Sailaja Abbaraju Krishna , Meghana Thoudaboina 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Despite exhibiting anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and anti-cancer properties,
curcumin is not exhibiting the same efficacy as that other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and
anti-cancer drugs. The main reason is its poor solubility and poor permeability. To improve the solubility
the particle size has to be reduced to the nano level and to improve the permeability vesicular
drug delivery approaches have to be adapted. By developing invasomal and ethosomal gels the bioavailability
of curcumin can be enhanced.

Aim and Objective:
The main aim of the study is to develop Invasomal and Ethosomal drug delivery
systems for curcumin by various techniques.

Methods:
Curcumin loaded invasomes were prepared by using a thin film hydration method. Six formulations
were prepared by varying drug to lipid ratios (INV1 to INV6). Soya lecithin was used as a
phospholipid, span60 was used as a surfactant, limonene was used as terpene, ethanol and chloroform
were used as solvents. Curcumin-loaded ethosomes were prepared by using a hot method. Five formulations
were prepared by increasing lipid concentration (E1 to E5). Soya lecithin as lipid, propylene
glycol, and ethanol as solvent. The prepared formulations were evaluated for particle size, zeta potential,
drug content, entrapment efficiency. and in vitro drug release studies.

Results:
Among all the formulations of Invasomes, INV3 formulation containing a 1:5 ratio of the drug
(40 mg) to lipid (200 mg) was considered as best formulation because of its particle size of 327. A total of
1nm, zeta potential of -32.6 mV, highest drug content of 97.5%, entrapment efficiency of 96%, and in
vitro drug release of 95% in a time period of 12 hrs. Among all the formulations of ethosomes, the E3
formulation was considered as best formulation due to its particle size of 697.5 nm, zeta potential of -
28.0 Mv, highest drug content of 97.3%, entrapment efficiency of 90%, and in vitro drug release of
94.6% in a time period of 12 hrs.

Conclusion:
The best invasomal and ethosomal formulations were incorporated into gel and evaluated
for pH, viscosity, Spreadability, drug content, in vitro drug release studies, and ex vivo studies. INV3
and E3 were incorporated into gel and comparative studies were made with plain gel. Among the
three gels (PG, INV3G, E3G), invasomal gel (INV3) exhibited the highest content drug content of
81%, pH of 6.6, spreadability 14.8g cm/sec, in vitro drug release of 90.6%, ,and ex vivo drug release of
97% in a time period of 12 hrs with the release rate of 32.53 microgram/cm2/hr-1/2, the flux of 0.346
μg/cm2/hr and permeation coefficient of 42.71 cm/hr.
Molecular Docking and QSAR Studies of Indole Derivatives as Antifungal
Agents
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Bora Prateek Singh , Kumar Adarsh , Singh Ankit Kumar , Singh Harshwardhan , Narasimhan Balasubramanian 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
Fungal infection and resistance to existing antibiotics is a major problem
across the globe, which is associated with the inappropriate use of antibiotics in humans, animals
farming, and agriculture. Unfortunately, addressing these difficulties is becoming extremely
critical as they arise. In this paper, we used Hansch and Fujita's linear free energy relationship
(LFER) model to perform 2D QSAR (quantitative structure activity relationships) on 28 known
Indole derivatives.

Objective:
Molecular docking and 2D QSAR studies of Indole derivatives as antifungal agents.

Methods:
2D QSAR was performed on the reported antifungal activity data of 28 selected
compounds based on theoretical chemical descriptors to construct statistical models that link
structural properties of Indole derivatives to antifungal activity. To represent the structural
properties of compounds, a collection of molecular descriptors such as geometric, topological,
hydrophobic and electronic characters were determined. Biological activity data was first translated
into pMIC values (i.e. -log MIC) and used as a predictor variable in the QSAR analysis. We have
also performed molecular docking studies of same compounds by using Maestro module of
Schrodinger.

Result:
All docked compounds had better binding scores with reference to fluconazole.

Conclusion:
Compounds with high values of electronic energy and dipole moment will be
effective against fungi, and Indole derivatives having lowered κ2 values will be effective
antifungal agents.