bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute Mastoiditis in Children: A Tertiary Care Center Experience in 2015–2021
Authors: Karaaslan A , Çetin C , Köle MT , Avcı H , Akın Y 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Acute mastoiditis is a suppurative infection of mastoid air cells and is the most common intratemporal complication of otitis media.

Aim:
This study aimed to evaluate the demographic and clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of children with acute mastoiditis (AM).

Patients and Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of hospitalized pediatric patients aged between 1 month and 18 years with a diagnosis of AM between May 2015 and December 2021.

Results:
A total of 28 hospitalized children with AM were enrolled in this study, of whom 22 (78.6%) were males and 6 (21.4%) were females with a mean ± standard deviation age of 93.5 ± 53.2 months (range = 6 months–16.1 years). The most common clinical symptoms were postauricular erythema (n = 17, 60.7%), tenderness (n = 16, 57.1%), swelling (n = 14, 50%), fever (n = 14, 50%), and auricular protrusion (n = 7, 25%). Mastoiditis complications occurred in 10 (35.7%) children. The most common extracranial complication was subperiosteal abscess (n = 8, 28.6%). The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and the rate of antibiotic use before hospitalization were higher in patients with complicated mastoiditis (P = 0.006 and P = 0.039, respectively). Surgery was performed in 12 (42.9%) patients. Statistically, more surgical interventions were performed in patients who developed complications (P = 0.003).

Conclusion:
AM continues as an important disease of childhood. Successful results are obtained with systemic antibiotic therapy and additional surgical intervention as necessary. A careful evaluation of patients with a high ESR and those who received antibiotic therapy before hospitalization is appropriate due to the correlation between these factors and the risk of complication development.
Management of Congenital Pseudoarthrosis using Ilizarov Device–Delsuth, Oghara Experience
Authors: Enemudo Roy E , Edomwonyi Edwin O , Obumse Arthur T , Uyilawa Okhuaihesuyi 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Congenital pseudoarthrosis of the tibia (CPT) is a rare and very difficult pediatric orthopedic condition to manage. It occurs spontaneously or from a trivial trauma. It results from a dysplastic periosteum that is more osteoclastic and less osteoblastic in nature. Successful treatment targets excision of the dysplastic periosteum and replacement with viable one and bone graft ± bone morphogenic proteins to aid union. Stabilization of the union site with intramedullary implants is advised to prevent refracture.

Aims:
To highlight the outcome of treatment of CPT with the Ilizarov procedure, bone graft, and use of bisphosphonate (sodium alendronate).

Patients and Methods:
This is a retrospective study of five patients treated for CPT using the Ilizarov procedure, bone graft, and use of bisphosphonate in the Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara in Delta State, Nigeria. Inclusion criteria were patients that had a fracture of the tibia ± fibula spontaneously or from minor trauma. Exclusion criteria were patients that had pathological fractures or fractures from significant trauma. The outcome was graded into good, fair and poor.

Results:
Five patients were seen in this study. The male/female ratio was 2:3. The age was 6–18 years (mean = 11.5 years). The limb length discrepancy was 6–12 cm (mean = 7.2 cm) pre-operation and zero after completion of distraction. There was the loss of some regeneration in two patients at the end of consolidation. Two patients had hypertrophic CPT, while three patients had atrophic. Union was good in four and fair in one. Complications seen were ankle stiffness bending of the regenerate and loss of length of regenerate.

Conclusion:
CPT is a rare condition worldwide that is associated with nonunion and complicated by post-operation refracture or non-union has been successfully treated with a procedure that entails use of Ilizarov technique, bone graft bisphosphonate and support with intramedullary nails.
Facial soft-tissue changes after anterior maxillary osteotomy
Authors: Harsha Gorrela , Thota Rasagna , Alwala Aditya Mohan 
Published: April 2023

Aims:
The aim of this study was to analyze and assess the soft-tissue response in patients treated by anterior maxillary osteotomy (AMO) in the postoperative period at 3, 6, and 9 months and to qualitatively assess the outcome of the surgery by the patients.

Patients and Methods:
The study included twenty adult healthy patients between 18 and 25 years with skeletal Class II malocclusion and requiring AMO setback for the correction of facial deformity. Preoperative and postoperative lateral cephalograms were taken and soft-tissue changes that occurred following AMO were compared at 3, 6, and 9 months postoperatively. The stability and acceptance of the soft-tissue changes were analyzed, and the patient's acceptance for the soft-tissue changes was measured on the surgical rating scale (SRS).

Results:
All the soft-tissue parameters showed noticeable changes following AMO. Statistically significant difference was observed with nasolabial angle, upper lip, and lower lip inclination. All the patients were moderately satisfied with the outcome of the surgery.

Conclusion:
This study aims in quantifying the soft-tissue changes following the AMO and the quality of the changes were recorded based on the SRS by the patients. Although there are changes associated with all the parameters assessed, significant differences was observed in nasolabial angle, upper lip, and lower lip inclination. The surgeon must be aware of the soft-tissue adaptation following the surgery for better outcomes.
Radio frequency analysis of partially grafted immediate dental implant with and without use of static magnetic field
Authors: Yadav Akanksha , Kumar Lakshya , Pal Uma Shankar , Singh Mayank , Bhatt Madan Lal Brham , Patil Ranjitkumar , Verma Aditi 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Replacement of missing teeth with dental implants represents one of the most successful treatment modalities in modern dentistry. Patients desire for a shorter treatment time has made clinicians to attempt loading implants early or immediately after placement. The primary stability is determined by density and mechanical properties of the bone, the implant design, edentulous site complications, and the surgical technique. Various researchers have tried to achieve faster osseointegration static magnetic field is one of them. So the aim of this study was to investigate whether Static magnetic field created by using safer magnets was useful to promote osseointegration.

Materials and Methods:
Subjects were selected according to the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria in two groups (20 in each group). Conventional implant placement protocol was used and implant placement was performed and grafting was done. Magnetic healing cap was used in group I and conventional healing cap in group II. Implant stability assessment using radio frequency analyser was assessed at 2, 3 and 4 months on interval.

Result:
Mann-Whitney U test revealed that there was significant difference was observed between the groups I and II at 2, 3 and 4 months of interval (P < 0.001). Static magnetic field improve osseointegration in group I as compared to group II.

Conclusion:
The present double-blinded RCT showed significantly improved implant stability and osseointegration in implants which were stimulated by static magnetic field by using magnetic healing cap as compared to implants with conventional healing cap.
Periodontal status of patients with nontubercular respiratory diseases hospitalized in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Verma Ajay Kumar , Pandey Anuj Kumar , Gupta Abhaya , Verma Umesh Pratap , Kant Surya , Kushwaha Ram Awadh Singh , Singh Arpita , Kumar Hemant , Chaudhary Shyam Chand 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
There is strong evidence that periodontal disease (PD) is related to various systemic diseases including respiratory diseases. Dental plaque is the primal cause of PD, and it can also be used as a reservoir of lung pathogens. After inhalation, it can cause a variety of respiratory infections. In addition, low nutritional status and immuneosuppression due to treatment or disease progression may affect the oral health of the hospitalized patients with nontubercular respiratory diseases. Here, we aimed to assess the periodontal status in hospitalized patients with nontubercular respiratory problems.

Materials and Methods:
We have enrolled 100 hospitalized nontubercular respiratory ill patients and 100 periodontal patients in this study. Periodontal clinical parameters, namely plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), pocket probing depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were evaluated in both the groups. Modified Kuppuswamy's socioeconomic scale was utilized to assess the education, occupation, and monthly family income.

Results:
Sociodemographic profile was comparable in both the studied groups. Hospitalized patients with nontubercular respiratory diseases had more severe PD (PPD and CAL) and poorer oral hygiene (higher PI), although the GI was lower compared to patients in the periodontal group. In addition, compared with patients in the high-income group, low-income patients are at greater risk of periodontal infections.

Conclusions:
Our data show that the prevalence of periodontal infections in hospitalized patients with non-tubercular respiratory diseases is higher, indicating that there is an association between PD and respiratory diseases.
Comparative study of different distraction rates in separate retractions of canine
Authors: Parihar Ajit Vikram , Verma Shivam , Subash P. , Singh Akhilesh Kumar 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Orthodontic treatment typically lasts 18–24 months, but depending on the conditions, it can take a longer duration. In recent years, accelerated orthodontics has been the subject of extensive research to shorten the duration of treatment. In distraction osteogenesis (DO), the surgically created joints are slowly and controllably displaced over time by gradual traction. This results in simultaneous growth of soft tissues and bone volumes at the osteotomy site. The DO field is currently experiencing a modern surge of research and development that has been able to implement numerous innovative and revolutionary distraction systems. In this study, we are comparing two different rates of dentoalveolar distraction.

Materials and Methods:
With the use of custom-made distractors, we will compare the different ranges of activation of distractors and their dental effects. Participants are separated into two groups based on 0.4 mm/day activation and 0.5 mm/day activation.

Results:
During the study period, the average tooth movement rate for Group 1 was 0.52 mm and for Group 2 was 0.58 mm. Group 1 completed canine distraction in 11.42 ± 1.81 days and Group 2 in 10.05 ± 1.68 days.

Conclusions:
Retraction days decreased in Group 2, due to increased activation of the distractor. The anchorage loss in Group 2 was higher than that in Group 1, which was 1.39 mm lower. Unlike decreased activation, the mean tooth movement of Group 1 is higher than Group 2.
Frontal sinus stenting
Authors: Kajal Smile , Verma Hitesh 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Giant mucocele of frontal sinus following facial trauma is not uncommon. It can lead to the gradual erosion of anterior and posterior bony walls and may extend to the orbital and intracranial structures leading to visual compromise or intracranial complications. A 52-year-old man presented with a history of swelling above the right eye, right eye proptosis, and decreased vision. He had a history of a road traffic accident 30 years ago following which he had lost vision in his left eye and had undergone surgery twice earlier for right frontal mucocele. Computed tomography showed cranialization of the right frontal sinus and a well-defined mass lesion in the region of frontal sinus compressing on the right eye globe. Naso-orbital meningoencephalocele was considered as a differential but magnetic imaging resonance confirmed the lesion as a mucocele. As this was the second recurrence and there was an endangered vision in the only functional eye, he underwent emergency excision of mucocele and recreation of the frontal sinus outflow tract (FSOT) with silastic stenting to maintain its patency. Post-operatively, the patient's vision returned to normal at a 1-week interval. There was a reduction in swelling and proptosis in a 6-month period and the stent was removed after 1 year. Treatment of recurrent frontal sinus mucocele can be challenging. Frontal sinus stenting can be considered in such cases to maintain the patency of FSOT for a prolonged period. Regular follow-up, inspection, and cleaning of the nasal cavity and the stented area are important to prevent any stent-related complications.
Evaluation of pre- and post-treatment masticatory and bite force efficiency in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery using T-Scan Novus occlusal analysis
Authors: Maurya Raj Kumar , Bhardwaj Preeti , Singh Harpreet , Mitra Rajat , Nakra Oonit , Mishra Harsh A. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction and Background:
Orthodontic and orthognathic surgical treatment require quantified occlusion finish to rule out any temporomandibular disorders. Hence, the present study was proposed to analyze the occlusal efficiency in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic and combined orthodontic–orthognathic surgery using digital occlusal analysis.

Methodology:
A randomized multi-arm controlled trial was conducted on 55 patients divided into four groups, that is, group I: class I crowding/proclination required extraction for fixed orthodontic treatment, group II: class II div 1 required orthodontic treatment and/or myofunctional therapy, group III: skeletal class II required combined orthodontic and orthognathic surgical treatment, and group IV: skeletal class III required combined orthodontic and orthognathic surgical treatment. The pre-treatment, before debonding, and 1 year after debonding assessment of occlusion were carried out using T-Scan. The repeated analysis of variance (rANOVA) test along with post-hoc analysis was carried out for intra-group and inter-group assessments using SPSS (version 21, USA). The significance level was set at a ‘P’ value less than 0.05.

Results:
rANOVA measurement in groups I, II, and III showed a significant difference with respect to maximum bite force difference between right and left sides, anterior and posterior region, and left lateral disclusion time. However, group IV showed a significant difference with respect to maximum bite force in the anterior and posterior region as well as right and left lateral disclusion time only. Further application of the post-hoc Tukey test found a significant difference between the To value to T1 and T2 among all four groups.

Conclusion:
Improved bite force was found in all malocclusion groups which was gradual in improvement from pre-treatment to post-treatment and a subsequent retention phase. The study also reported the utility of digital occlusal assessment devices as reliable, repeatable, reproducible, and user-friendly in the determination of dynamic occlusion.
From External to Local: Opportunities and Lessons Learned from Transitioning COMSA-Mozambique
Authors: Rodríguez Daniela C. , Macicame Ivalda , Adriano Antonio , Chicumbe Sergio , Duce Pedro , Kante Almamy , Mavie Victor A. , Mbalane Etelvina , Nhachungue Sheila , Titus Nordino , Van Dyk Fred , Amouzou Agbessi 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT.
Donor transitions, where externally funded programs transfer to country ownership and management, are increasingly common. The Countrywide Mortality Surveillance for Action – Mozambique (COMSA) project established a nationwide surveillance system capturing vital events at the community level with funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. COMSA was implemented in partnership between Johns Hopkins University (a U.S.-based academic institution) and the Instituto Nacional de Saúde (National Institute for Health) and Instituto Nacional de Estatística (National Institute for Statistics), two Mozambican public institutions. Midway through the project, the Gates Foundation directed COMSA’s partners to develop and implement a transition plan that ensured COMSA’s activities could be institutionalized after Gates Foundation funding ended. Here we describe the process and activities that COMSA underwent for transition planning, including stakeholder engagement and advocacy, securing financial commitments, documenting operational activities, capacity building, and supporting strategic planning. Facilitators included a project model that already embedded significant implementation and management responsibility with local agencies, high-level commitment to COMSA’s activities from local stakeholders, establishing dedicated personnel and budget to manage transition, and fortuitous timing for financing. Challenges included needing to engage multiple government agencies to ensure buy-in, navigating tensions around future roles and responsibilities, reviewing and adjusting existing implementation structures, and the reality that this transition involved shifting financing from one development partner to another. Transition implementation was also constrained by the COVID-19 pandemic because key stakeholders were engaged in response efforts. COMSA’s experience highlights lessons and threats for future programs facing donor transition in uncertain environments.
Implementing the Countrywide Mortality Surveillance in Action in Mozambique: How Much Did It Cost?
Authors: Jiwani Safia S. , Mavie Victor Américo , Williams Emma , Kante Almamy Malick , Amouzou Agbessi 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT.
Complete sample registration systems are almost inexistent in sub-Saharan Africa. The Countrywide Mortality Surveillance in Action (COMSA) project in Mozambique, a national mortality and cause of death surveillance system, was launched in January 2017, began data collection in March 2018, and covers over 800,000 population. The objectives of this analysis are to quantify the costs of establishing and maintaining the project between 2017 and 2020 and to assess the cost per output of the surveillance system using data from financial reports produced by the National Institute of Health in Mozambique. The program cost analysis consists of start-up (fixed) costs and average annual operating costs covering the period of maximum implementation in 700 clusters. The cost per output analysis quantifies the annual operating cost of surveillance outputs during the same period. Approximately two million dollars were spent on setting up the system, with infrastructure, technological investments, and training making up over 80% of these start-up costs. The average annual operating costs of maintaining COMSA was $984,771 per year, of which 66% were spent on wages and data collection incentives. The cost per output analysis indicates costs of $37–$42 per vital event captured in the surveillance system (deaths, pregnancies, pregnancy outcomes), $303–$340 per verbal and social autopsy conducted on a reported death, and a per capita cost of $1–$1.3. In conclusion, establishing COMSA required large costs associated with infrastructure and technological investments. However, the system offers long-term benefits for real-time data generation and informing government decision-making for health.
Development of a Scorecard to Monitor Progress toward National Cholera Elimination: Its Application in Uganda
Authors: Bwire Godfrey , Sack David A. , Lunkuse Stella M. , Ongole Francis , Ngwa Moise Chi , Namanya Didacus B. , Nsungwa Jesca , Aceng Ocero Jane Ruth , Mwebesa Henry G. , Muruta Allan , Nakinsige Anne , Kisakye Annet , Kalyebi Peter , Kemirembe Julian , Makumbi Issa , Kagirita Atek , Ampeire Immaculate , Mutegeki David , Matseketse David , Debes Amanda Kay , Orach Christopher Garimoi 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT.
In 2017, the Global Task Force for Cholera Control (GTFCC) set a goal to eliminate cholera from ≥ 20 countries and to reduce cholera deaths by 90% by 2030. Many countries have included oral cholera vaccine (OCV) in their cholera control plans. We felt that a simple, user-friendly monitoring tool would be useful to guide national progress toward cholera elimination. We reviewed cholera surveillance data of Uganda from 2015 to 2021 by date and district. We defined a district as having eliminated cholera if cholera was not reported in that district for at least 4 years. We prepared maps to show districts with cholera, districts that had eliminated it, and districts that had eliminated it but then “relapsed.” These maps were compared with districts where OCV was used and the hotspot map recommended by the GTFCC. Between 2018 and 2021, OCV was administered in 16 districts previously identified as hotspots. In 2018, cholera was reported during at least one of the four previous years from 36 of the 146 districts of Uganda. This number decreased to 18 districts by 2021. Cholera was deemed “eliminated” from four of these 18 districts but then “relapsed.” The cholera elimination scorecard effectively demonstrated national progress toward cholera elimination and identified districts where additional resources are needed to achieve elimination by 2030. Identification of the districts that have eliminated cholera and those that have relapsed will assist the national programs to focus on addressing the factors that result in elimination or relapse of cholera.
ECLIPTA PROSTRATA: PHARMACOLOGY, MOLECULAR GENETIC PROPERTIES, AND CULTIVATION
Authors: VO TRUNG AU  , MUMUNI A. MUSAH WALA  , DAM SAO MAI  
Published: April 2023

Eclipta prostrata (L.), (Asteraceae), commonly known as Cỏ Mực or Nhọ Nồi in Vietnamese, has been used as a traditional medicine in many countries especially in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Some important pharmacological properties of this plant are analgesic, antioxidant, anti- inflammation, HIV1 (Human immunodeficiency virus 1), anti- tumor, antibacterial, anti- termite etc. Previous reviews indicated the photochemical and pharmaceutical properties of Eclipta spp. while others were on its tissue cultivation. However, many details about the botanical, experimental or research on E. prostrata are limited. Researches on Eclipta spp. mostly focus on the pharmaceutical properties while the biodiversity and biological cultivation is still not marked. Current status of bioactivities, pharmacological profile, biotechnology application, molecular approach, and chloroplast whole genome sequence and their agronomic properties of E. prostrata are covered in this review.