bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Future changes in heatwaves characteristics in Romania
Authors: Antonescu Bogdan , Ene Dragoş , Boldeanu Mihai , Andrei Simona , Mărmureanu Luminiţa , Marin Cristina , Pîrloagă Răzvan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe changes in the characteristics of heatwaves over Romania have been analyzed using the excess heat factor calculated for two climate change scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) from the EURO-CORDEX project. The changes were evaluated for the near future (2021–2050) using the historical period (1971–2000) as reference. The frequency of occurrence and the duration of heatwaves is projected to increase for both climate scenarios in particular over southern Romania. In this region, the percentage of change in the near future for the number of heatwaves is between 50 and 60% for the RCP4.5 scenario and 60–80% for the RCP8.5 scenario. Also for the same region, the duration of heatwaves will increase by 30–50% for the RCP4.5 scenario and 60–80% for the RCP8.5 scenario. These results indicate that the human exposure to heatwaves will increase in Romania in the near future. To increase awareness on heatwaves and their impact, we propose a series of immediate actions that include (1) improving the communication of the impact of heatwaves, (2) identification of the regions where the population is more vulnerable to heatwaves, and (3) better understanding of the mortality and morbidity associate with heatwaves in Romania.
The relationship between number line estimation and mathematical reasoning: a quantile regression approach
Authors: Ruiz Carola , Kohnen Saskia , Bull Rebecca 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNumber line estimation has been found to be strongly related to mathematical reasoning concurrently and longitudinally. However, the relationship between number line estimation and mathematical reasoning might differ according to children’s level of performance. This study investigates whether findings from previous studies that show number line estimation significantly predicting mathematical reasoning replicate, and whether this relationship holds across several points of the mathematical reasoning distribution. Participants include 324 Singaporean children (162 girls, Mage = 74.1 months, SDage = 4.0) in their second year of kindergarten who were assessed on the number line estimation task (0–10 and 0–100) and mathematical reasoning skills. The results replicate previous findings showing that higher accuracy on the number line estimation task is predictive of higher mathematical reasoning, for both the 0–10 and 0–100 number line. Quantile regressions show that performance on the number line task similarly predict mathematical reasoning across the performance distribution. Possible differences between the 0–10 and 0–100 number line’s predictive capacity are discussed.
Clinical significance of serum antinuclear antibodies in patients with autoimmune hepatitis and comorbidity
Authors: Liu Hui , Wang Yuqi , Wang Peng , Wang Xin , Yi Yunyun , Li Xin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAutoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is often complicated with immune diseases, which greatly affected the course and clinical outcome of AIH. We aimed to systematically assess clinical characteristics, prognosis in autoimmune hepatitis accompanied by immune diseases. Clinical records of 358 patients with AIH from Beijing Ditan Hospital in China were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical features of AIH with immune diseases were compared retrospectively, including clinical characteristics, prognosis and outcome. Prevalence of immune diseases in patients with AIH was 26.5%. Connective tissue disease (CTD) was the commonest immune diseases associated with AIH (33/358, 9.2%), and the incidence of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and thyroid dysfunction (TD) was low (4.7% and 8.5%, respectively). At diagnosis, AIH-PBC patients had higher IgM and ALP, lower weight, Hgb, ALT and AFP (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, AIH-CTD patients had lower mean platelet volume, serum K and triglyceride (P < 0.05). AIH-TD patients had a lower proportion of ANA positive (P < 0.05). The overall survival time of AIH-TD was significantly shorter than AIH patients (P = 0.0011), but there were no differences in AIH-PBC and AIH-CTD. Furthermore, ANA negative (HR: 0.21, 95%CI 0.13–0.35, P < 0.001) can be a factor to predict the poor prognosis of AIH, and also in AIH-TD patients. About 26.5% of AIH patients had at least one immune disease, and TD coexisted with AIH impaired patients’ survival. ANA negative can be used as an independent indicator to predict the poor prognosis of AIH and AIH-TD.
Menschenrechte für das Anthropozän?
Authors: Sinder Rike 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungSeit längerem wird beklagt, das geltende (Verfassungs-)Recht könne den Herausforderungen des Klimawandels nicht gerecht werden. Die in verschiedenen Foren erhobenen Klimaklagen plädieren vor diesem Hintergrund für eine auf das Anthropozän ausgerichtete Menschenrechtsdogmatik: Sie soll multiple Akteure anerkennen, nationale Territorien transzendieren und den zeitlichen Rahmen klassischer Menschenrechtslehren hinter sich lassen. In ihrem Zugriff auf den Topos des Risikos dekonstruieren Klimaklagen schließlich nicht weniger als den Dualismus von Natur und Kultur. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, die konkret herausgeforderten dogmatischen Axiome am Beispiel der Rechtsprechung des Europäischen Gerichtshofs für Menschenrechte herauszuarbeiten und Art und Ausmaß des unter Verweis auf den Klimawandel eingeforderten Verfassungswandels aufzuzeigen.
Z-Pinning Techniques to Improve Energy Absorption Capabilities of CFRP Tubular Structures
Authors: Ramírez J. G. , Ghasemnejad H. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the use of z-pinning reinforcement in CFRP tubular structures under axial impact, to find the optimum design to increase the specific energy absorption (SEA). Through-the-thickness reinforcement is known as a technique to improve integrity and fracture resistance in composite materials and structures. Manufacturing and testing of unpinned tubular structures are conducted to create a base model to validate numerical results. A finite element model of the tube under dynamic impact is developed using LS-DYNA software, conducting parametric studies, mesh sensitivity analysis and trigger modelling research. The proposed z-pinning modelling techniques are researched, and an energy-based contact model is proposed to model pinned areas. Five different designs of reinforced tubes are designed and analysed, to find the optimum z-pinned pattern in terms of SEA. The novelties of this research indicate that z-pinning can improve the SEA and reduce the initial collapse load during crushing. Our results indicate that the vertical banded design shows the highest SEA and least initial collapse load values in comparison with the unpinned specimen, which indicates an improvement in the crashworthiness parameters of z-pinned composite tubes.
Experience with Contraceptive Dosage Forms and Interest in Novel PrEP Technologies in Women
Authors: Jansen van Vuuren Claudia J. , Lewis Lara , Harkoo Ishana , Dawood Halima , Mansoor Leila E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNew pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) strategies tailored to the needs and expectations of individuals at risk of HIV acquisition are needed. In the CAPRISA 082 prospective cohort study in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, sexually active women aged 18 to 30 reported, through interviewer-administered questionnaires, on their prior contraceptive experience and interest in both approved and potential future PrEP dosage forms (oral PrEP, long-acting injectable PrEP, and PrEP implants) between March 2016 and February 2018. Univariable and multivariable Poisson regression models with robust standard errors were used to detect associations between women’s prior and current contraceptive use and interest in PrEP options. Of 425 women enrolled, 381 (89.6%) had used at least one modern female contraceptive method previously, with injectable depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) being used by 79.8% (n = 339). Women were more likely to show interest in a future PrEP implant if they were currently using (aRR 2.1, CI 1.43–3.07, p = 0.0001) or had ever used (aRR 1.65, CI 1.14–2.40, p = 0.0087) a contraceptive implant, and were more likely to choose an implant as their first choice method than the implant-naïve (current users aRR 3.2, CI 1.79–5.73, p < 0.0001; “ever” users aRR 2.12, CI 1.16–3.86, p = 0.0142). Women were more interested in injectable PrEP if they had used injectable contraceptives (current users aRR 1.24, CI 1.06–1.46, p = 0.0088; “ever” users aRR 1.72, CI 1.20–2.48, p = 0.0033); and were more interested in oral PrEP if they had ever used oral contraceptives (aRR 1.3, CI 1.06–1.59, p = 0.0114). This apparent relationship between women’s contraceptive experience and their interest in novel forms of PrEP in an equivalent dosage form may play a future role in strengthening HIV prevention efforts in women at high risk of HIV acquisition.
American Indian/Alaska Native men are less likely to receive prostate-specific antigen testing and digital rectal exams from primary care providers than White men: a secondary analysis of the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey from 2012–2018
Authors: Gillette Chris , Locklear Tony , Bell Ronny , Bates Nathan , Ostermann Jan , Reuland Daniel , Foley Kristie , Lashmit Cheyenne , Crandall Sonia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
(1) Identify the proportion of primary care visits in which American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) men receive a prostate-specific antigen test (PSAT)and/or a digital rectal exam (DRE), (2) describe characteristics of primary care visits in which AI/AN receive PSA and/or DRE, and (3) identify whether AI/AN receive PSA and/or DRE less often than non-Hispanic White (nHW) men.

Methods
This was a secondary analysis of the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) during 2013–2016 and 2018 and the NAMCS Community Health Center (CHC) datasets from 2012–2015. Weighted bivariate and multivariable tests analyzed the data to account for the complex survey design.

Results
For AI/AN men, 1.67 per 100 visits (95% CI = 0–4.24) included a PSATs (or PSAT) and 0 visits included a DRE between 2013–2016 and 2018. The rate of PSA for non-AI/AN men was 9.35 per 100 visits (95% CI = 7.78–10.91) and 2.52 per 100 visits (95% CI = 1.61–3.42) for DRE. AI/AN men were significantly less likely to receive a PSA than nHW men (aOR = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.01–0.83). In CHCs, AI/AN men experienced 4.26 PSAT per 100 visits (95% CI = 0.96–7.57) compared to 5.00 PSAT per 100 visits (95% CI = 4.40–5.68) for non-AI/AN men. DRE rates for AI/AN men was 0.63 per 100 visits (95% CI = 0–1.61) compared to 1.05 per 100 (95% CI = 0.74–1.37) for non-AI/AN men. There was not a statistically significant disparity in the CHC data regarding PSA (OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.42–1.98) or DRE (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.15–3.74), compared to nHW men.

Conclusion
Efforts are needed to better understand why providers may not use PSA and DRE with AI/AN men compared to nHW men.
Impact of land use and land cover change on land degradation in rural semi-arid South Africa: case of the Greater Sekhukhune District Municipality
Authors: Kgaphola M. J. , Ramoelo A. , Odindi J. , Mwenge Kahinda J-M. , Seetal A. R. , Musvoto C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn semi-arid regions, interactions between biophysical and socio-economic variables are complex. Such interactions and their respective variables significantly alter land use and land cover, degrade landscape’s structure, and impede the efficacy of the adopted land management interventions. This scenario is particularly prevalent in communal land tenure system or areas managed by a hybrid of traditional and state led institutions. Hence, this study sought to investigate the impacts of land use and land cover changes (LULCCs) on land degradation (LD) under communal rural districts, and the key drivers of habitat fragmentation in the Greater Sekhukhune District Municipality (GSDM), South Africa. The study used the wet and dry season multi-temporal remotely sensed image data, key-informant interviews, and workshop with tribal council to determine the major drivers of LULCC and LD. Results revealed that mines and quarries, subsistence and commercial cultivation, and thicket/dense bush LULCs declined significantly during the study period. These LULCs mostly declined in wet season, with loss in vegetation cover highly prevalent. Specifically, the highest conversions were from shrub/grassland to bare soil, thicket/dense bush to shrub/grassland, and shrub/grassland to residential, respectively. Generally, LULCC affected vegetation productivity within the study area, with increased negative NDVI values observed during the dry season. The findings from key informants and the tribal council workshop emphasized that soil erosion, abandonment of cropland, and injudicious land use (i.e. overgrazing and consequent bush encroachment) have severely degraded the land. The study also established that the degrading land can be attributed to the weakening local communal land management system, particularly the weakening tribal councils. The study recommends an urgent need for collaborative (i.e. government, tribal authorities, and land users) land management through designing relevant multi-stakeholder LD mitigation measures.
A Registry Study of 240 Patients with X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia Living in the USA
Authors: Hernandez-Trujillo Vivian , Zhou Chuan , Scalchunes Christopher , Ochs Hans D. , Sullivan Kathleen E. , Cunningham-Rundles Charlotte , Fuleihan Ramsay L. , Bonilla Francisco A. , Petrovic Aleksandra , Rawlings David J. , de la Morena M. Teresa 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose

To understand the natural history and clinical outcomes for patients with X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) in the United States utilizing the United States Immunodeficiency Network (USIDNET) patient registry.

Methods
The USIDNET registry was queried for data from XLA patients collected from 1981 to 2019. Data fields included demographics, clinical features before and after diagnosis of XLA, family history, genetic mutation in Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK), laboratory findings, treatment modalities, and mortality.

Results
Data compiled through the USIDNET registry on 240 patients were analyzed. Patient year of birth ranged from 1945 to 2017. Living status was available for 178 patients; 158/178 (88.8%) were alive. Race was reported for 204 patients as follows: White, 148 (72.5%); Black/African American, 23 (11.2%); Hispanic, 20 (9.8%); Asian or Pacific Islander, 6 (2.9%), and other or more than one race, 7 (3.4%). The median age at last entry, age at disease onset, age at diagnosis, and length of time with XLA diagnosis was 15 [range (r) = 1–52 years], 0.8 [r = birth–22.3 years], 2 [r = birth–29 years], and 10 [r = 1–56 years] years respectively. One hundred and forty-one patients (58.7%) were < 18 years of age. Two hundred and twenty-one (92%) patients were receiving IgG replacement (IgGR), 58 (24%) were on prophylactic antibiotics, and 19 (7.9%) were on immunomodulatory drugs. Eighty-six (35.9%) patients had undergone surgical procedures, two had undergone hematopoietic cell transplantation, and two required liver transplantation. The respiratory tract was the most affected organ system (51.2% of patients) followed by gastrointestinal (40%), neurological (35.4%), and musculoskeletal (28.3%). Infections were common both before and after diagnosis, despite IgGR therapy. Bacteremia/sepsis and meningitis were reported more frequently before XLA diagnosis while encephalitis was more commonly reported after diagnosis. Twenty patients had died (11.2%). The median age of death was 21 years (range = 3–56.7 years). Neurologic condition was the most common underlying co-morbidity for those XLA patients who died.

Conclusions
Current therapies for XLA patients reduce early mortality, but patients continue to experience complications that impact organ function. With improved life expectancy, more efforts will be required to improve post-diagnosis organ dysfunction and quality of life. Neurologic manifestations are an important co-morbidity associated with mortality and not yet clearly fully understood.
Revisiting the Origins of EMDR
Authors: M. Rosen Gerald 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFrancine Shapiro, the founder of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), reported that the therapeutic use of eye movement patterns was discovered by chance while walking in a park. An alternative accounting for the origins of EMDR comes from research that demonstrates individuals are unable to perceive their own eye movements and from historical sources that document Shapiro’s acceptance of Neuro-Linguistic Programming theory on eye movement patterns and super-achievers. The present paper brings together this diverse set of findings to provide a more accurate context within which Shapiro’s purported discoveries and subsequent claims can best be viewed.
Prenatal Substance Exposure and Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: State Estimates from the 2016–2020 Transformed Medicaid Statistical Information System
Authors: West Kristina D. , Ali Mir M. , Blanco Martin , Natzke Brenda , Nguyen Linda 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Estimating Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) and prenatal substance exposure rates in Medicaid can help target program efforts to improve access to services.

Methods
The data for this study was extracted from the 2016–2020 Transformed Medicaid Statistical Information System (T-MSIS) Analytic Files (TAF) Research Identifiable Files (RIF) and included infants born between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2020 with a either a NAS diagnosis or prenatal substance exposure.

Results
Between 2016 and 2020, the estimated national rate of NAS experienced a 18% decline, while the estimated national rate of prenatal substance exposure experienced a 3.6% increase. At the state level in 2020, the NAS rate ranged from 3.2 per 1000 births (Hawaii) to 68.0 per 1000 births (West Virginia). Between 2016 and 2020, 28 states experienced a decline in NAS births and 20 states had an increase in NAS rates. In 2020, the lowest prenatal substance exposure rate was observed in New Jersey (9.9 per 1000 births) and the highest in West Virginia (88.1 per 1000 births). Between 2016 and 2020, 38 states experienced an increase in the rate of prenatal substance exposure and 10 states experienced a decline.

Discussion
Estimated rate of NAS has declined nationally, but rate of prenatal substance exposure has increased, with considerable state-level variation. The reported increase in prenatal substance exposure in the majority of US states (38) suggest that substances other than opioids are influencing this trend. Medicaid-led initiatives can be used to identify women with substance use and connect them to services.
Temporally consistent sequence-to-sequence translation of cataract surgeries
Authors: Frisch Yannik , Fuchs Moritz , Mukhopadhyay Anirban 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Purpose

Image-to-image translation methods can address the lack of diversity in publicly available cataract surgery data. However, applying image-to-image translation to videos—which are frequently used in medical downstream applications—induces artifacts. Additional spatio-temporal constraints are needed to produce realistic translations and improve the temporal consistency of translated image sequences.

Methods

We introduce a motion-translation module that translates optical flows between domains to impose such constraints. We combine it with a shared latent space translation model to improve image quality. Evaluations are conducted regarding translated sequences’ image quality and temporal consistency, where we propose novel quantitative metrics for the latter. Finally, the downstream task of surgical phase classification is evaluated when retraining it with additional synthetic translated data.

Results

Our proposed method produces more consistent translations than state-of-the-art baselines. Moreover, it stays competitive in terms of the per-image translation quality. We further show the benefit of consistently translated cataract surgery sequences for improving the downstream task of surgical phase prediction.

Conclusion

The proposed module increases the temporal consistency of translated sequences. Furthermore, imposed temporal constraints increase the usability of translated data in downstream tasks. This allows overcoming some of the hurdles of surgical data acquisition and annotation and enables improving models’ performance by translating between existing datasets of sequential frames.
Clinical Outcomes for Previously Treated Patients with Advanced Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Abderhalden Lauren A. , Wu Ping , Amonkar Mayur M. , Lang Brian M. , Shah Sukrut , Jin Fan , Frederickson Andrew M. , Mojebi Ali 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Although second-line treatments improve survival compared to best supportive care in patients with advanced gastric cancer with disease progression on first-line therapy, prognosis remains poor. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to quantify the efficacy of second-or-later line systemic therapies in this target population.

Methods
A systematic literature review (January 1, 2000 to July 6, 2021) of Embase, MEDLINE, and CENTRAL with additional searches of 2019–2021 annual ASCO and ESMO conferences was conducted to identify studies in the target population. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed among studies involving chemotherapies and targeted therapies relevant in treatment guidelines and HTA activities. Outcomes of interest were objective response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) presented as Kaplan–Meier data. Randomized controlled trials reporting any of the outcomes of interest were included. For OS and PFS, individual patient-level data were reconstructed from published Kaplan–Meier curves.

Results
Forty-four trials were eligible for the analysis. Pooled ORR (42 trials; 77 treatment arms; 7256 participants) was 15.0% (95% confidence interval (CI) 12.7–17.5%). Median OS from the pooled analysis (34 trials; 64 treatment arms; 60,350 person-months) was 7.9 months (95% CI 7.4–8.5). Median PFS from the pooled analysis (32 trials; 61 treatment arms; 28,860 person-months) was 3.5 months (95% CI 3.2–3.7).

Conclusion
Our study confirms poor prognosis among patients with advanced gastric cancer, following disease progression on first-line therapy. Despite the approved, recommended, and experimental systemic treatments available, there is still an unmet need for novel interventions for this indication.