bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Four errors and a fallacy: pitfalls for the unwary in comparative brain analyses
Authors: Dunbar Robin I. M. , Shultz Susanne 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTComparative analyses are the backbone of evolutionary analysis. However, their record in producing a consensus has not always been good. This is especially true of attempts to understand the factors responsible for the evolution of large brains, which have been embroiled in an increasingly polarised debate over the past three decades. We argue that most of these disputes arise from a number of conceptual errors and associated logical fallacies that are the result of a failure to adopt a biological systems‐based approach to hypothesis‐testing. We identify four principal classes of error: a failure to heed Tinbergen's Four Questions when testing biological hypotheses, misapplying Dobzhansky's Dictum when testing hypotheses of evolutionary adaptation, poorly chosen behavioural proxies for underlying hypotheses, and the use of inappropriate statistical methods. In the interests of progress, we urge a more careful and considered approach to comparative analyses, and the adoption of a broader, rather than a narrower, taxonomic perspective.
Is STA really a low‐flow graft? A quantitative ultrasonographic study of the flow of STA for cerebral revascularization in MMD patients
Authors: Wen Yunyu , Gou Yanxia , Wang Baoping , Wang Zhibin , Chen Siyuan , Zhang Shichao , Zhang Guozhong , Li Mingzhou , Feng Wenfeng , Qi Songtao , Wang Gang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveDirect revascularization remains an important tool in the treatment of patients with Moyamoya disease (MMD). The superficial temporal artery (STA) is the most commonly used donor vessel for direct bypass, and an STA graft has traditionally been considered a low‐flow graft for flow augmentation. This study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the blood flow of the STA after direct revascularization.MethodsAll direct revascularization procedures performed between 2018 and 2021 by one experienced neurosurgeon were screened. Quantitative ultrasound was used to measure the flow data of the patient's bilateral parietal branch of the STA(STA‐PB), the bilateral frontal branch of the STA(STA‐FB), and the left radial artery. Data on the patients' basic information, Suzuki grade, Matsushima type, anastomosis type, and blood biochemical parameters were collected and analyzed using univariate and multivariate models. An MBC Scale scoring system was proposed to evaluate the recipient artery network of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) tree. The relationship between MBC Scale score and STA graft flow was statistically analyzed.ResultsIn total, 81 patients (43 males and 38 females) successfully underwent STA‐MCA bypass and were included in this study. The mean flow rates in the STA‐PB graft on 1 day preoperatively, 1 day postoperatively, 7 days postoperatively, and >6 months postoperatively (long‐term) were 10.81, 116.74, 118.44, and 56.20 mL/min respectively. Intraoperative graft patency was confirmed in all patients. Comparing the preoperative and all postoperative time points, the STA‐PB flow rates were statistically significant (p < 0.001). The MCA‐C score was significantly associated with postoperative flow rate on day 1 (p = 0.007).ConclusionThe STA is a useful donor artery for direct revascularization inpatients with MMD and can provide sufficient blood supply to the ischemic cerebral territory.
Regional geometric differences between regurgitant and non‐regurgitant mitral valves in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Sharkey Aidan , Mahmood Feroze , Hai Ting , Khamooshian Arash , Gao Zhifeng , Amador Yannis , Khabbaz Kamal 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveDemonstrate that regional geometric differences exist between regurgitant and non‐regurgitant mitral valves (MV's) in patients with coronary artery disease and due to the heterogenous and regional nature of ischemic remodeling in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), that the available anatomical reserve and likelihood of developing mitral regurgitation (MR) is variable in non‐regurgitant MV's in patients with CAD.MethodsIn this retrospective, observational study intraoperative three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic data was analyzed in patients undergoing coronary revascularization with MR (IMR group) and without MR (NMR group). Regional geometric differences between both groups were assessed and MV reserve which was defined as the increase in antero‐posterior (AP) annular diameter from baseline that would lead to coaptation failure was calculated in three zones of the MV from antero‐lateral (zone 1), middle (zone 2), and posteromedial (zone 3).Measurements and Main ResultsThere were 31 patients in the IMR group and 93 patients in the NMR group. Multiple regional geometric differences existed between both groups. Most significantly patients in the NMR group had significantly larger coaptation length and MV reserve than the IMR group in zones 1 (p‐value = .005, .049) and 2 (p‐value = .00, .00), comparable between the two groups in zone 3 (p‐value = .436, .513). Depletion of the MV reserve was associated with posterior displacement of the coaptation point in zones 2 and 3.ConclusionsThere are significant regional geometric differences between regurgitant and non‐regurgitant MV's in patients with coronary artery disease. Due to regional variations in available anatomical reserve and the risk of coaptation failure in patients with CAD, absence of MR is not synonymous with normal MV function.
Individual, familial, and sociocontextual correlates of maternal caregiving among African American adolescents in public housing
Authors: Lombe Margaret , Newransky Chrisann , Nebbitt Von , Amano Takashi , Yu Mansoo , Enelamah Ngozi V. , Chu Yoosun , Walden Najjuwah 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveAfrican American adolescents (N = 372), recruited from public housing in three large U.S. cities, participated in this study that explores individual, familial, and sociocontextual correlates of maternal caregiving profiles, based on supervision and encouragement.BackgroundMaternal caregivers play an important role in ensuring the safety and welfare of adolescents as they encounter multiple challenges in their social environment. Public housing magnifies the risk of experiencing such challenges for African American adolescents. Evidence on the experiences of African American adolescents living in public housing is scarce. Our study contributes to this body of knowledge by exploring profiles of maternal caregivers, based on supervision and encouragement, their association with demographics, and familial and sociocontextual challenges among adolescents in public housing.MethodUsing multinomial logistic regression, we explore the associations between profiles of maternal caregiving, based on supervision and encouragement and adolescent characteristics, adolescents' experiences, and assessment of their family (e.g., quality of parent–child relationship, family conflict) and sociocontextual (e.g., peer influence, victimization, witnessing of community violence).ResultsAdolescents living in households with high levels of maternal encouragement and supervision reported a high‐quality relationship with their caregivers and less witnessing of community violence. These adolescents were also less likely to report victimization.ConclusionsThe study identified parenting strategies that could potentially reduce risks of adverse exposures among urban African American youth in public housing. Practitioners and policymakers must consider programs to bolster these strategies and further serve urban African American adolescents in challenging environments.
Family–Friendship Linkages in Youths With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Brown Cynthia E. , Sheerin Kaitlin M. , Quetsch Lauren B. , Borduin Charles M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the relative contribution of family functioning to friendship quality in youths with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).BackgroundYouths with ASD often experience problems in their friendships. Although researchers have identified linkages between individual youth characteristics and friendship difficulties in youths with ASD, much less is known about the possible linkages between family and friendship problems in this population. However, the family system is an important context in which youths with ASD can learn skills that are necessary for developing friendships.MethodThe current study examined the relations of key dimensions of family functioning and caregiver romantic relationships to central domains of friendship quality in youths with ASD, while also accounting for individual characteristics of the youths. Participants included youths with ASD (N = 93) and their primary caregivers who completed measures that assessed family, caregiver, and friendship variables.ResultsHierarchical linear regression models revealed that family functioning and caregiver romantic relationships explained significant variance in domains of youth friendship quality above and beyond individual youth characteristics.ConclusionFriendships in youths with ASD were more strongly related to important elements of the family system than to various characteristics of the individual youth.ImplicationsFamily relations should be considered in interventions that aim to improve peer relations for youth with ASD.
The characterization of Pluronic P123 micelles in the presence of sunscreen agents
Authors: Ragu Pauline , Ruparelia Ketan , Venero Diego Alba , Mansour Omar T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe triblock copolymer Pluronic® is widely used in the personal care industry, including sun protection, for its film‐forming and solubilization capabilities. In this study, the effect of three commonly used organic UV filters (ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate [EMC], ethylhexyl triazone [EHT], and avobenzone [AVB]) on the structure of Pluronic P123 micelles was investigated.MethodsThe Pluronic P123 micelle structure has been investigated using dynamic surface tension, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS).ResultsDynamic surface tension results show strong interactions between the UV filters and Pluronic® evident by sharp changes in the surface activity of the latter. The NMR results have revealed the creation of a hydrophobic microenvironment special to the Pluronic PPO core group in the presence of UV filters. Some interaction with the hydrophilic EO was also recorded, albeit weaker. This is further confirmed by SANS, where the Pluronic P123 micelles interacted with varying strengths with the UV filters, resulting in sharp changes in their size and shape.ConclusionsWe have demonstrated the sensitivity of the Pluronic P123 micelles to the presence of various UVA/B filters. The micelles shape varied from spherical to cylindrical as the concentration and type of the UV filters were varied. These variations in the shape are expected to have a significant effect on the sun protection factor (SPF), as it affects the solubilization of the UV filters within a formulation in addition to the formulations' rheological profile and film‐forming behaviour.
Dehydration‐driven mass loss from packs of sintering hydrous silicate glass particles
Authors: Vasseur Jérémie , Wadsworth Fabian B. , Lavallée Yan , Dingwell Donald B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGlass sintering involves the densification of packs of particles and the expulsion of the interparticle pore gas. The pore space begins as a convolute interconnected interparticle network, and ends as distributed isolated bubbles; two configurations that are separated by the percolation threshold. Here, we perform experiments in which (i) the particles are initially saturated in H2O at 871 K, and (ii) they are then heated non‐isothermally at different rates to temperatures in excess of 871 K. In step (ii), H2O becomes supersaturated and the particles diffusively lose mass as they sinter together. We use thermogravimetry to track the loss of mass with time. We find that the mass loss is initially well predicted by solutions to Fick's second law in spherical coordinates with the appropriate material and boundary conditions. However, as the sintering pack crosses the percolation threshold at a time predicted by sintering theory, we find that the mass loss deviates from simple diffusional solutions. We interpret this to be the result of an increase in the diffusion distance from the particle‐scale to the scale of the sintering pack itself. Therefore, we conclude that the open‐ to closed‐system transition that occurs at the percolation threshold is a continuous, but rapid jump for diffusive and other transport properties. We use a capillary Peclet number Pc to parameterize for this transition, such that at low Pc diffusive equilibrium is achieved before the sintering‐induced transition to closed system, whereas at high Pcthere is a “diffusion crisis” and disequilibrium may be maintained for longer relative timescales that depend on the system size.
High‐temperature self‐lubricating properties of single‐phase high‐entropy carbides under a vacuum environment
Authors: Sun Qichun , Zhu Shengyu , Cheng Jun , Tan Hui , Chen Juanjuan , Chen Jiao , Yang Jun , Liu Weimin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIt is an enormous challenge to develop single‐phase ceramics with satisfactory self‐lubricity because of the strong chemical bonding and difficult to shearing. In this study, (Hf0.2X0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2Ti0.2)C (X is Zr, W, and V, respectively) single‐phase high‐entropy ceramics can in situ formed tribo‐film on the contact region during sliding process to achieve an excellent self‐lubricating property. The friction coefficient is as low as 0.34 at 400°C. This originates from the carbon‐rich tribo‐films which are generated under the effect of high‐temperature tribo‐induced. With the test temperature increasing, the wear mechanism changes from abrasive wear to oxidative wear. For the 900°C, the tribo‐oxidative film limits the direct contact between tribo‐couple and enhances the tribological performances. Moreover, the compositions of the tribo‐films also have an important effect on the tribological behaviors. This novel design concept—using own constituent elements to generate a lubricating tribo‐film will provide a new strategy for the study of the single‐phase self‐lubricating ceramics.
The role of niche breadth in oak phylogeography: Quercus glaucoides as a study case
Authors: Gaytán‐Legaria Ricardo , Oyama Ken , Ruiz‐Sánchez Eduardo , González‐Rodríguez Antonio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimThe extent of genetic diversity and its distribution among populations have been associated with species attributes such as mating system, dispersal ability and geographic range size. Another attribute that could contribute to intraspecific phylogeographic patterns is niche breadth, but this has rarely been tested. Here, we ask whether a Mexican oak with a comparatively narrow climatic niche breadth has distinct genetic diversity patterns compared to other codistributed oaks with a broader climatic niche.LocationMexico.TaxonQuercus glaucoides M. Martens & Galeotti (Fagaceae).MethodsDescriptors of genetic diversity and structure were calculated for 21 Q. glaucoides populations using chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and nuclear microsatellites (nSSRs). Historical demographic dynamics were inferred with approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) and past potential distribution models. To test for an association between niche breadth and phylogeographic patterns, we used genetic diversity and differentiation values of Q. glaucoides plus those previously published for 10 other Mexican oak taxa. Niche breadth was estimated for all taxa and linear regressions were performed.ResultsGenetic diversity calculated from nSSRs (HO = 0.539; HE = 0.714) was among the lowest and cpDNA differentiation (NST = 0.88) was the highest so far obtained for comparable Mexican oaks. Moderate changes in demographic size and distribution shifts throughout the last glacial cycle were inferred, explaining some of the observed genetic patterns. A positive correlation of HO and a negative correlation of NST with niche breadth were detected across taxa.Main ConclusionsDistinct phylogeographic patterns in Q. glaucoides could be explained because a narrower niche may cause lower historical effective population sizes and more fragmented distributions in comparison to species with a wider niche breadth, even with similar range sizes. Our results indicate that niche breadth would be an interesting ecological attribute to be included in future comparative phylogeographic studies.
Selection of patients for hybrid ablation procedure
Authors: De Lurgio David B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCatheter ablation for treatment of symptomatic non‐paroxysmal atrial fibrillation remains challenging. Clinical failure and need for continued medical therapy or repeat ablation is common, especially in more advanced forms of atrial fibrillation. Hybrid ablation has emerged as a more effective and safe therapy than endocardial‐only ablation particularly for longstanding persistent atrial fibrillation as demonstrated by the randomized controlled CONVERGE trial. Hybrid ablation requires collaboration of electrophysiologists and cardiac surgeons to develop specific workflows. This review describes the Hybrid Convergent approach in the context of available ablation options and offers guidance for workflow development and patient selection.
First‐trimester plasma extracellular heat shock proteins levels and risk of preeclampsia
Authors: Robellada‐Zárate Claudia Melina , Luna‐Palacios Janelly Estefania , Caballero Carlos Agustín Zapata , Acuña‐González Juan Pablo , Lara‐Pereyra Irlando , González‐Azpeitia Diego Iván , Acuña‐González Ricardo Josué , Moreno‐Verduzco Elsa Romelia , Flores‐Herrera Héctor , Osorio‐Caballero Mauricio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPreeclampsia (PE) occurs annually in 8% of pregnancies. Patients without risk factors represent 10% of these. There are currently no first‐trimester biochemical markers that accurately predict PE. An increase in serum 60‐ and 70‐KDa extracellular heat shock proteins (eHsp) has been shown in patients who developed PE at 34 weeks. We sought to determine whether there is a relationship between first‐trimester eHsp and the development of PE. This was a prospective cohort study performed at a third level hospital in Mexico City from 2019 to 2020. eHsp levels were measured during the first‐trimester ultrasound in singleton pregnancies with no comorbidities. First‐trimester eHsp levels and biochemical parameters of organ dysfunction were compared between patients who developed preeclampsia and those who did not. All statistical analyses and model of correlation (r) between eHsp and clinical parameter were performed using bootstrapping R‐software. p‐values <0.05 were considered significant. The final analysis included 41 patients. PE occurred in 11 cases. eHsp‐60 and eHsp−70 were significantly higher at 12 weeks in patients who developed PE (p = 0.001), while eHsp‐27 was significantly lower (p = 0.004). Significant differences in first‐trimester eHsp concentration suggest that these are possible early biomarkers useful for the prediction of PE.
Structure–energy relationship of food materials using differential scanning calorimetry
Authors: Saadi Sami , Ariffin Abdul Azis , Ghazali Hasanah Mohd , Saari Nazamid , Mohammed Abdulkarim Sabo , Anwar Farooq , Hamid Azizah Abdul , Nacer Nor Elhouda 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe use of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in the food authentication and process‐chain traceability has raised significant amelioration in terms of structure and stability of some structured foods. In this review article DSC is used to raise other quantitative energy parameters related to structural reconformation and variation in the intra‐molecular dimension of studied materials. These properties are explained by the respective energy models involving (1) quantum energy, (2) quantum mass, and (3) quantum velocity. These models parameters are explored as well as on from enthalpy, entropy, heat capacity, and Gibbs free energy of transition in determining the nucleation energy relevant to crystallization and polymorphic transformation of some studied food‐materials.Practical ApplicationDifferential scanning calorimetry is remaining the powerful thermoanalytical tool used in studying the mechanism of crystallization, polymorphism, and structural reconformation of biological matters. The expression of energetic parameters on from enthalpy, entropy, heat capacity, and Gibbs free energy of transition help in determining the nucleation energy whether is stable or in the meta‐static forms. In addition these energy parameters are the key elements in understanding whether the food materials undergoing denaturation, unfolding or reversible folding, meaning that DSC is able in determining the status of food materials whether is stable or instable as well as the texture whether is soft, grainy, or coarse and also the polymorphic forms of the crystals and stability of the emulsions. Thus, gathering information on the thermal analysis using DSC helped in establishing some model correlation between energy and structure in association with the chemical composition changes of some model of oils and fats.
Effect of a protease‐activated receptor‐2 antagonist (GB88) on inflammation‐related loss of alveolar bone in periodontal disease
Authors: Francis Nidhish , Sanaei Reza , Ayodele Babatunde A. , O'Brien‐Simpson Neil M. , Fairlie David P. , Wijeyewickrema Lakshmi C. , Pike Robert N. , Mackie Eleanor Jean , Pagel Charles Neil 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveProtease‐activated receptor‐2 (PAR2), a pro‐inflammatory G‐protein coupled receptor, has been associated with pathogenesis of periodontitis and the resulting bone loss caused by oral pathogens, including the keystone pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis). We hypothesised that administration of a PAR2 antagonist, GB88, might prevent inflammation and subsequent alveolar bone resorption in a mouse model of periodontal disease.MethodsPeriodontitis was induced in mice by oral inoculations with P. gingivalis for a total of eight times over 24 days. The infected mice were treated with either GB88 or vehicle for the duration of the trial. Following euthanasia on day 56, serum was collected and used for the detection of mast cell tryptase. The right maxillae were defleshed and stained with methylene blue to measure the exposed cementum in molar teeth. The left maxillae were prepared for cryosections followed by staining for tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase to identify osteoclasts or with toluidine blue to identify mast cells. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) was used to quantify the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the gingival tissue. Supernatants of T‐lymphocyte cultures isolated from the regional lymph nodes were assayed using a cytometric bead array to measure the Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine levels.ResultsMeasurement of the exposed cementum showed that GB88 reduced P. gingivalis‐induced alveolar bone loss by up to 69%. GB88 also prevented the increase in osteoclast numbers observed in the infected mice. Serum tryptase levels were significantly elevated in both the infected groups, and not altered by treatment. RT‐qPCR showed that GB88 prevented the upregulation of Il1b, Il6, Ifng and Cd11b. In T‐lymphocyte supernatants, only IFNγ and IL‐17A levels were increased in response to infection, but this was prevented by GB88 treatment.ConclusionsGB88 significantly reduced osteoclastic alveolar bone loss in mice infected with P. gingivalis, seemingly by preventing the upregulation of several inflammatory cytokines. PAR2 antagonism may be an effective treatment strategy for periodontal disease.