bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ISIS in Iraq
Authors: Dagher Munqith , Kaltenthaler Karl , Gelfand Michele J. , Kruglanksi Arie , McCulloh Ian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study follows the human side of ISIS’s amazing rise and fall in Iraq. It does not do this as a battle-by-battle history of the group, but rather explores how common Iraqis viewed the group, interacted with the group, joined the group, fought in the group, and ultimately suffered under its brutal rule. Specifically, we seek to answer the following questions: What factors conditioned public support and opposition toward ISIS in Iraq? Why did some Iraqis move from passive support for the group to actively participating in the group’s activities, including fighting? This study uses a social psychological approach to understand the trajectory of ISIS in Iraq. The book argues that ISIS derived support from how it was perceived to either meet or threaten basic human needs for individual Iraqis. The three basic human needs in question are the physical needs for security and sustenance and the psychological need for a feeling of individual significance. Our analysis is based on a unique array of public opinion data from surveys, focus groups, and in-depth face-to-face interviews with forty detained ISIS foot soldiers and four senior leaders to explain why some Iraqis came to join and acquiesce to ISIS while others opposed it, why ISIS lost the hearts and minds of Iraqi Sunni Arabs, and how this contributed decidedly to its battlefield defeats.
The Rise of ISIS
Authors: Dagher Munqith , Kaltenthaler Karl , Gelfand Michele J. , Kruglanski Arie W. , McCulloh Ian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Nouri al Maliki, Iraq’s prime minister in 2012, was the single most important factor in driving the rise of ISIS in that year. Deeply sectarian, the Shia prime minister turned to marginalizing and intimidating the Sunni Iraqi population with the goal of ensuring the political dominance of Iraq’s Shia majority. The result of Maliki’s efforts was an Iraqi Sunni population that viewed itself as physically threatened and deeply disrespected. ISIS was able to use this Sunni disaffection with the Iraqi state to build a social base of support for a renewed insurgency and conquer significant swathes of territory in Sunni-majority areas of Iraq.
The Decline of the ISIS Caliphate
Authors: Dagher Munqith , Kaltenthaler Karl , Gelfand Michele J. , Kruglanski Arie W. , McCulloh Ian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter seeks to understand why ISIS lost the hearts and minds of most of Iraq’s Sunni Arabs between 2014 and 2017. As data collected in several waves of surveys in Iraq show, by the end of 2017, the vast majority of Iraqi Sunni Arabs were desperate to see the end of ISIS. ISIS lost the willingness of the population to cooperate and aid it in its fight against the Iraqi state and its allies. In fact, some brave Sunni Arabs actively worked to undermine ISIS from within its area of occupation. More Iraqi Sunnis tried to avoid ISIS’s ire and welcomed the arrival of the Iraqi Army and its allies as they retook territory from the extremist group.
Conclusion
Authors: Dagher Munqith , Kaltenthaler Karl , Gelfand Michele J. , Kruglanski Arie W. , McCulloh Ian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter summarizes the main findings of the book. It also lays out some main implications from this study. One of the most important takeaways from the study is that ISIS in Iraq is down but not out. While ISIS is not a potent military force in Iraq now, if Iraq’s Sunnis are made to feel marginalized and threatened again, it could breathe new life into the group. Iraq’s largely dysfunctional and underperforming central government does not have the luxury of taking Sunni Iraqi support for granted in the long run. Generational change in Iraq could be an important source of new support for ISIS in the country’s Sunni population, as younger Sunnis who did not experience the degradation and pain of ISIS occupation may come to believe ISIS represents an alternative to poor governance by the central government.
Prologue: Popular Music as Political Theory
Authors: Tochka Nicholas 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
How did Americans learn that rock music could make you free? In the Fifties, many Americans worried that rock ’n’ roll engendered conformity among young people and thus threatened democracy. By the Eighties, however, rock critics and musicians claimed that the music represented a transcendent cultural form capable of personal and political emancipation. This prologue introduces these perspectives, situating their emergence within a larger set of debates about popular music and democracy in the Cold War United States.
How Americans Rocked Cairo (and London, and Moscow, and Tehran, and . . .)
Authors: Tochka Nicholas 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In the mid-Fifties, Blackboard Jungle—and its soundtrack, which included Bill Haley’s “Rock Around The Clock”—made rock ’n’ roll a global phenomenon. As critics at home at home debated whether this new music was really “American,” its spread worldwide provided a forum for journalists and commentators to examine the relationship of the United States, and especially its role as “leader of the free world,” to the communist Second World and the developing Third World. Debates about the music—as a form of soft power abroad, but also as a symbol of racial integration at home—sowed the seeds for new ways of thinking about rock ’n’ roll as a potentially emancipatory force, and for novel ways of narrating the global role of the United States and its popular culture as an expression of liberal democracy during the early Cold War.
How the Counterculture Dug Deeper
Authors: Tochka Nicholas 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
During a remarkable four-year period from 1966 to 1969, rock seemed to have revolutionary potentials. The “rock revolution” (to use the title of one early book about the music) had allowed listeners to discover the reality of social life lurking underneath the surface of the everyday, whether by ingesting psychedelics, staging utopian dances, exploring hidden states of consciousness, engaging in absurdist political theatre, or broadcasting important social messages. This chapter examines rock dances, musicians’ experimentation with non-Western musics, larger countercultural experimentation with consciousness-altering substances, and the recruitment of music to political causes to outline how commentators in Sixties America viewed the promise of rock music as a political force.
How Rock Got Real Again
Authors: Tochka Nicholas 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Rock musicians and critics began narrating new histories for rock music in the Seventies. While mainstream critics, especially the writers at Rolling Stone, traced an unbroken chain of individual rebellion back to the Fifties, a new group of upstart writers, most prominently Lester Bangs, argued that rock had lost its way in the Sixties. They lionized Sixties garage rock and championed the new, harder, more aggressive sound of punk and then hardcore music. This chapter focuses on the historical consciousness of rock writers to explain how punk and hardcore scenes could be viewed as utopian, democratic spaces in contrast to mainstream rock. Situating this shift against broader contemporary anxieties about the conservative turn in American politics and the changing economic opportunities for average citizens, it explores how punk and hardcore musicians acquired powerful new associations with democracy and personal liberation as part of an important new counternarrative in rock history.
Women Mobilized
Authors: Williams Rina Verma 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The 1980s and 1990s comprised the foundational period of the BJP’s initial rise to national political power, and the participation of women was critical to that ascent. This chapter shows how the BJP’s gendered mobilization of women unfolded in the 1980s and 1990s. In this period, the BJP deployed gendered discourses in the Shah Bano controversy over Islamic law; challenged feminism in the Roop Kanwar controversy over sati; and rallied women into the streets in the Ayodhya campaign to destroy the Babri Masjid. Gendered mobilization expanded some women’s access to the public sphere—primarily Hindu women in the northern and western parts of the country—in support of Hindu nationalist ideology. But ultimately, this access was not transformative for Indian women overall in that it did nothing to undermine—and even reinforced—underlying patriarchal structures that continued to tether women to their social roles in the private sphere.
Of Questions and Contexts
Authors: Williams Rina Verma 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the interdisciplinary literature on women in Hindu nationalism as well as disciplinary political science literatures on women’s political participation, religion, and political parties, arguing that the minimal engagement between bodies of literature stems from the different questions they ask. The interdisciplinary literature tends to ask why women participate in Hindu nationalist politics (along with the question of whether such participation can be considered empowering for women), while much disciplinary literature tends to ask why women don’t participate. To complete the context of the research, the chapter ends with an analysis of the author’s positionality in carrying out the fieldwork for the book, focusing on access to research participants and the author’s status as both insider and outsider in negotiating the space between being read as an overt ally or opponent of the movement.
Women Marginalized
Authors: Williams Rina Verma 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the marginalization of women from the Hindu Mahasabha from 1915 until 1951, both internally and electorally—including leadership and governance structures, a women’s wing, as candidates, and as subjects or objects of party platforms and political agendas. It examines newly uncovered archival documents on a women’s wing of the Hindu Mahasabha from 1935 to 1950: Jankibai Joshi of Pune worked ceaselessly but ultimately unsuccessfully to convince male party leaders to actively recruit Hindu women into the party. The marginalization of women corresponded with almost total political failure for the party. The ideological underpinnings and gendered discourses of Hindu nationalism constrained the vision of women’s possible roles in Hindu nationalist politics. The marginalization of women in the early, formative years of Hindu nationalist politics suggests that the participation of women in religious nationalist politics was not natural, or automatic, or inevitable, but had to be constructed over time.
Women Incorporated
Authors: Williams Rina Verma 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores how the BJP incorporated women immediately before and after the landmark 2014 election. Hindu nationalist politics has created some restricted spaces for women’s participation, bringing women into existing power structures without fundamentally altering them. This chapter draws on fieldwork between 2013 and 2016, including interviews, ethnographic observation of party events, and visual analysis of campaign materials. The incorporation of women has correlated with significant political success for the BJP. Yet the gendered ideologies of Hindu nationalism continue to tether women to the private sphere through tropes of “family support” and the kin-like structures of Hindu nationalism. The question of whether incorporation can empower women remains vexed: to deny it seems to deny women agency, but to support it remains anathema for many feminist scholars and activists. While incorporation empowers certain women in certain ways, it does not dismantle—but rather reinforces—broader patriarchal and oppressive social structures.
Denouement
Authors: Williams Rina Verma 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Taking women’s political participation as a good, this concluding chapter asks: which women? which politics? and which (forms of) participation? This study has elucidated women’s marginalization, mobilization, and incorporation as forms of women’s political participation in Hindu nationalist political parties, placing them into historical and comparative context from the early 1900s to today. Marginalizing women corresponded with electoral failure, while mobilizing and incorporating women corresponded with electoral success. But mobilizing and incorporating women have not, in turn, substantively advanced women’s issues or women’s rights in India. The corrosive effects of BJP rule on Indian democracy are already apparent. Since 2019, attacks have accelerated on key pillars of Indian secularism, protections of minority rights, and civil rights and freedoms. If the mobilization and incorporation of Hindu nationalist women has been part and parcel of the rise of a movement that is undermining democracy, then more robust feminist voices and activism may be necessary to counter that rise.
An Integrated Approach to Health and Wellbeing in Response to Climate Change
Authors: Vardoulakis Sotiris , Bambrick Hilary 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Climate change caused by the emission of greenhouse gasses from the burning of fossil fuels and other sources is detrimental to health and wellbeing. From intensified and more frequent extreme weather to long-term geographic and seasonal shifts in temperature and rainfall, the adverse health effects are both direct and indirect and unevenly distributed, with poorer nations and people disproportionately affected. From injuries and loss of life from extreme events such as heatwaves, wildfires, and floods, to effects on allergens and pollutants, to reduced food yields and changing patterns of infectious diseases, climate change endangers human lives. Mental health and social capital may also be diminished by climate change as communities and livelihoods are hit by drought, rising sea levels, or through trauma triggered by extreme events. As some level of climate change is already occurring and will continue for some decades even with urgent action to reduce fossil fuel use, adaptation to protect health from its worst effects is now essential. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions and adapting to climate change can bring multiple benefits to health and wellbeing from improved air quality in cities, healthier diets, and more sustainable healthcare, transport, and housing conditions.
“A to Z, we’ve been through it all”
Authors: Schelbe Lisa 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Chapter 1 introduces the five youth featured in the book: Plato, Solana, Titi, Matty, and Jaden. Beginning with a presentation of their early childhood and circumstances that led up to the child welfare system removing them from their parents, the chapter describes their “care careers” within foster care. The stories of youth demonstrate the extensive trauma they experienced prior to entering foster care. Trauma and hardships did not abruptly end when they became involved in the foster care system; the youth experienced sibling separation, placement instability, caseworker turnover, and abuse within foster homes. The chapter concludes with a primer about foster care that describes the process, placement types, case plan goals, and aging out.
Keystone County
Authors: Schelbe Lisa 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Chapter 3 offers background about the county before examining the lives of Solana, Plato, Jaden, Titi, and Matty as they turned 18. Frustrated with their lack of autonomy while in foster care, Titi, Matty, and Plato left care immediately on their 18th birthday. Plato graduated high school before doing so, but Titi and Matty did not complete high school. Solana and Jaden wanted to take advantage of the supports provided in extended foster care (i.e., stipends, housing, and bus passes). Jaden remained in care, living in a supervised living apartment, and started attending community college. Solana remained in care and started working on her GED. All youth experiences significant instability and had little support during this time.
Realities of Aging Out
Authors: Schelbe Lisa 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Chapter 4 presents research about what is known about youth aging out. After offering evidence of resilience and stressing that youth aging out are a heterogenous group, the chapter reviews domains where, compared to their peers, youth aging out experience more negative outcomes. In detail, the chapter presents research about youth aging out in the domains of housing, employment, education, health, mental health, substance misuse, justice system involvement, and early parenting. The chapter concludes with an argument that among these domains there are complex reciprocal interactions that impact youths’ daily life as well as their life trajectories.
What Were They Thinking?
Authors: Schelbe Lisa 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Chapter 6 shares the mindset of youth aging out. It describes how youth had not been aware how challenging it would be to be on their own. Many youth leave disillusioned and frustrated with the system. This “systemitis,” youths’ deep desire to have autonomy and escape the confines of foster care, drives many youth to leave care as soon as possible. The chapter explores how youth aging out frequently adopt an “I do me” mentality where they are insistent that they are on their own and do not rely on others to meet their needs. The chapter includes an in-depth look at Solana as she leaves care. It concludes with an argument that it may appear that youth aging out make “bad decisions,” yet when the greater context is considered there are really few great options.
“Life’s a game”: A Capital Development Framework
Authors: Schelbe Lisa 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Chapter 10 presents a capital development framework to understand the problems youth aging out face. Rather than identifying youth deficiencies and individual failures, the framework highlights larger factors that inhibit the success of youth aging out. The chapter illustrates how youths’ human, social, cultural, and economic capital contributes to their struggles. These ideas are emphasized through reflections about a presentation of Mr. Solomon, a service provider with a background similar to the youth with whom he works. He stressed “life’s a game” and articulated the obstacles that youth encounter by not knowing “the rules” or social norms and by not being connected to those in power. The chapter explores Titi’s life as an example of the impact of limited capital.
“Launching Youth”: An Examination of a Job Readiness Program
Authors: Schelbe Lisa 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Chapter 12 presents Launch, an employment program for youth aging out. After introducing the staff, the chapter describes the week-long job readiness program where youth received a $25 daily stipend to attend trainings about employment expectations and applying for jobs. It explains how youth wrote their resumes, completed a “mock interview,” and received job leads. In addition, the chapter explains how Launch staff teach youth about professional behaviors in the workforce. The chapter explores how social workers at Launch assist youth with addressing the complex issues that prevent youth from being considered “employable.” The chapter also details how additional training through Launch are provided to help youth with other skills.
Challenges to Helping Youth
Authors: Schelbe Lisa 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Chapter 13 describes the difficulties service providers face in helping youth. It begins by examining the time and effort it takes to build trust and relationships with youth. The chapter explores how foster care may have ill-prepared youth to be on their own and may have fostered dependency in youth, and as they age out they are not ready to be on their own. The chapter describes the challenges service providers face with the logistics of their work, including keeping track of youth who are transient, never-ending unplanned crises, and time-demanding problems. The chapter concludes with an example of a challenging day at Launch, which highlights why burnout is common in even the most dedicated service providers.
“I fell off the path many times”: Engaged and Disengaged Youth
Authors: Schelbe Lisa 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Chapter 14 explores the experiences of two youth aging out: Plato and Victor. One key difference between the youth is Plato is engaged in services while Victor is not. Another key difference is the level of violence in their lives; Victor’s life is actively filled with violence, and he has been in jail several times. The chapter explores the many things Plato and Victor have in common. They left care at age 18. They both are raising a child with their girlfriends and want to provide for their children. They have unstable housing. The chapter concludes that those engaged with services may be faring better.
Testimony
Authors: Davis Colin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Testimony stands or falls by its appeal to truthfulness, even if it is no simple matter to distinguish between truth and lies. Narrative hermeneutics provides a context for understanding how the entanglement of experience, storytelling, and interpretation does not inevitably lead to the abandonment of a commitment to tell and respect the truth. The chapter revisits the Nayirah testimony given before the Congressional Human Rights Caucus in 1990. Nayirah was a fifteen-year-old girl who movingly described murderous abuses after Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait, including the looting of incubators which left babies to die. Doubts were later raised about the veracity of Nayirah’s testimony, but it had already served its purpose of helping to mobilize American public opinion in favor of the First Gulf War. The case illustrates how the plausibility and power of testimony may be separate from its truthfulness. The final section of the chapter discusses the hermeneutics of suspicion associated with the work of Paul Ricoeur to examine how far it can help us through the difficulties involved here. If meaning is unstable, are there nevertheless means of distinguishing between the problematically truthful and the downright false? Instead of offering a simple resolution, the chapter argues for the political and ethical importance of addressing the post-truth era without delusion or cynicism.
Narrative as an Interpretation of Self-Pattern
Authors: Gallagher Shaun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Narrative is primarily about actions, which are often intersubjective interactions, and often involve social-cultural practices. This chapter focuses on self-narratives, their interpretation and use in self-understanding and in how others come to understand who self-narrators are as existing subjects and agents. The author argues that self-narratives reflect or mirror all other aspects of the self, understood as a self-pattern, taking narrative practice as one aspect of a self-pattern that plays a special role in an integration process that involves identity formation and social understanding. The chapter outlines the pattern theory of self and the idea that narrative is one element of that pattern, then explains how narrative plays a hermeneutical role that helps people understand all other aspects of the self, including social and intersubjective relations. The idea of the integration of diverse processes in the self-pattern is less about synthesis and more about dynamical instabilities which importantly keep the processes going. The formation of self-narrative is one part of an integrative process that pushes for a hermeneutical coherence and against the discordances that threaten the stability of the self-pattern.