bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional and genetic variations within foxtail millet (Setaria italica) landraces collected from indigenous communities across the Philippines
Authors: Ereful Nelzo C. , Reyes Jose Arnel O. , Emanuel M. Cardona Don , Christian S. Alonday Roneil , Oliver B. Mateo Nel , Jones Huw , Boyd Lesley , Delfin Evelyn F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUnknown to many, the Philippines is host to a few remaining accessions of the underutilized and understudied cereal foxtail millet(Setaria italica(L.) P. Beauv.). We collected together accessions from different eco-geographical locations within the Philippines, along with a few accessions from Lanyu, Taiwan, to undertake a study of the nutritional value and genetic diversity within accessions of foxtail millet grown in the Philippines. All accessions were field grown in 2022, dry season (DS) at the Institute of Plant Breeding (IPB) Experiment Station, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. The accessions were tested for micronutrients, including Zn and Fe, nitrogen as a proxy for protein, β-carotene and a number of phenolic compounds with known nutritional potential. Of the 20 accessions tested, the accessions Bayaras andGB61438had the highest level of Zn (107.1 mg/kg) and Fe (70.52 mg/kg), respectively, higher than levels found in traditional rice varieties. For β-carotene the highest concentration was found in the accession Balles (∼10µg/g). Twelve phenolic compounds were detected, with catechin, syringic acid, ferulic acid and kaempferol having the highest concentrations and greatest variation between accessions. To assess the genetic diversity of these local foxtail millet accessions, we sequenced a core set of eight accessions to a depth of at least 25-fold. Analysis of the population structure, using genome-wide, high-quality SNPs, showed modest diversity among the accession, with two unadmixed groups. The accessions are monophyletic relative to their earliest common ancestor, with the very light brown accessions emerging earlier than the light brown and reddish-brown varieties. Analysis of Zinc/Iron permease (ZIP) transporters within the foxtail millet reference sequence, var. Yugu1 identified 17 putative ZIP transporters. Variant calling identified SNPs primarily within 3’ and 5’ regions, and introns, indicating variation between foxtail millet accessions within regulatory gene regions rather than in structural proteins. The local foxtail millet accessions found across the Philippines, therefore, represent a potential alternative source of nutrition that would help to address the problems of the double-burden of malnutrition found in the Philippines.
SEPALLATA-driven MADS transcription factor tetramerization is required for inner whorl floral organ development
Authors: Hugouvieux Veronique , Blanc-Mathieu Romain , Paul Michel , Janeau Aline , Xu Xiaocai , Lucas Jeremy , Lai Xuelei , Galien Antonin , Yan Wenhao , Nanao Max , Kaufmann Kerstin , Parcy François , Zubieta Chloe 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMADS genes encode transcription factors that act as master regulators of plant reproduction and flower development. The SEPALLATA (SEP) subfamily is required for the development of floral organs and plays roles in inflorescence architecture and development of the floral meristem. The SEPALLTAs act as organizers of MADS complexes, forming both heterodimers and heterotetramersin vitro. To date, the MADS complexes characterized in angiosperm floral organ development contain at least one SEPALLATA protein. Whether DNA-binding by SEPALLATA-containing dimeric MADS complexes are sufficient for launching floral organ identity programs, however, is not clear as only defects in floral meristem determinacy were observed in tetramerization impaired SEPALLATA mutants. Here, we used a combination of genome-wide binding studies, high resolution structural studies of the SEP3/AGAMOUS tetramerization domain, structure-based mutagenesis and complementation experiments insep1 sep2 sep3andsep1 sep2 sep3 ag-4plants transformed with versions ofSEP3encoding tetramerization mutants. We demonstrate that while SEP3 heterodimers are able to bind DNA bothin vitroandin vivoand recognize the majority of SEP3 wild type binding sites genome-wide, tetramerization is not only required for floral meristem determinacy, but also absolutely required for floral organ identity in the second, third and fourth whorls.
Snowden, Assange, Manning & the new knowledge cyberclass
Authors: Boussios Emanuel G. 
Published: May 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to explore and theorize on the motivations of a new class of whistleblowers or leakers stemming from the “abusive” cybersecurity practices of Western governments. This research primarily focuses on such practices of the US Government.

Design/methodology/approach
This work is designed as a case study research of cybersecurity whistleblowers or leakers on Western governments, involving data collection from primary and secondary sources. The method is a content analysis to determine the presence of certain themes within this primary and secondary data which this research can then make inferences about the messages within the texts.

Findings
The findings show a formation of a recent class of power brokers, with its own collective ethos, who will be known by a new term: the “New Knowledge Cyberclass” (NKC). The development of the NKC was revealed through the shocking data revelations by Edward Snowden, Julian Assange and Chelsea Manning. What separates the NKC from government “protectors” (i.e. President Obama, Central Intelligence Agency Director Mike Pompeo), who argue that these leakers stole and leaked classified documents that endangered lives, is their definitions of what it means to be defenders of democracy, which here pertains to the rights to citizens’ online privacy and the degree of secrecy in US Government.

Originality/value
To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study directed toward connecting, Snowden, Assange and Manning, to the birth of a new class of power brokers designed to directly challenge Western government malpractices with citizens’ online privacy and secrecy in foreign operations. This research explores both the birth of this new class and a collective ethos that binds this group together despite the tensions and conflicts within this new class.
Factors affecting BIM implementation in Saudi Arabia: a critical analysis
Authors: Al-Mohammad Mohammad S. , Haron Ahmad Tarmizi , Rahman Rahimi A. , Alhammadi Yasir 
Published: May 2023

PurposeThis study examines the underlying relationships between the critical factors of building information modeling (BIM) implementation and the factors' groupings among architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) organizations in Saudi Arabia. The objectives of the study are to (1) identify the critical factors for BIM implementation, (2) analyze the interrelationships between the critical factors and (3) compare the critical factors between the different organizational characteristics.Design/methodology/approachFirst, potential factors were identified through a systematic literature review and interviews with AEC professionals. Then, a questionnaire survey was sent to AEC professionals and the collected data were analyzed using the following techniques and tests: mean score ranking, standard deviation, normalized value, factor analysis (FA), analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc Tukey test.FindingsThe analyses show that 14 factors are critical for BIM implementation in Saudi Arabia. The top critical factors include the existence of standard contracts on data security and user confidentiality, consistent views on BIM among stakeholders and the availability of guidelines for implementing BIM. Of the 14 critical factors, 9 can be grouped into 4 underlying factors: environmental, governmental, legal and organizational. The analysis shows that the criticality of the most critical factors grouped by the FA varies between different levels of BIM competency. Finally, the presence of public–private partnerships (PPPs) in realizing BIM projects is a new and emerging critical factor for BIM implementation in Saudi Arabia.Originality/valueThis study differs from prior works on BIM implementation in Saudi Arabia by using FA to explore the underlying relationships among factors of BIM implementation and the factors' groupings. Based on the FA results, a roadmap for implementing the BIM was developed. These findings will help to purposefully and efficiently customize BIM implementation strategies and initiatives to ensure successful BIM implementation in Saudi Arabia.
Uncovering the depths of trade-based money laundering: evidence from a seaport in Bangladesh
Authors: Milon Md Noor Uddin , Zafarullah Habib 
Published: May 2023

Purpose
Money laundering (ML) is a major criminal offence stemming from unethical practices by personnel on the ground at Chattogram Port, an important import and export facility in Bangladesh. Because money can be more easily laundered through imports, it is necessary to investigate the dubious process in this sector. This study aims to identify the items most regularly used for easy ML and the factors contributing to their vulnerability.

Design/methodology/approach
This research uses a qualitative approach and analyses information from primary sources. Data is obtained from customs officials, port authority personnel, importers and customs brokers through semi-structured questionnaires. Although there are many techniques for ML, this study only found three most overwhelming: under-invoicing, over-invoicing and misdeclaration. A few case studies have been used based on newspaper reports and the internet to triangulate the qualitative data.

Findings
Four import items – food products, garments, capital machinery and chemicals – have a higher risk of ML. This study also revealed that money launderers prefer under-invoicing food and garment items. Misdeclaration is more commonly associated with capital machinery and chemical items. Over-invoicing, on the other hand, is only prevalent in government purchases. The port authorities need to pay particular attention to these issues.

Research limitations/implications
As ML is an ongoing activity that changes over time, the findings of this research are circumscribed by the data collected at a single point in time. Additionally, this research did not consider alternative laundering methods.

Practical implications
The research results can provide a basis for creating effective anti-money laundering (AML) strategies to assist with sustainable economic growth.

Social implications
Developing effective AML measures can help combat corruption and establish good governance in the country and support human well-being.

Originality/value
This paper presents original research findings based on technical analysis. The Chattogram Port Authority and the National Board of Revenue have accepted and used the main findings in a collaborative action plan to tackle ML. The Bangladesh Bank, the country’s central bank, has also incorporated the necessary guidelines and regulations into the Money Laundering Prevention Act, 2012.
Asymmetric information flow to G7 and Nordic equities markets during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Owusu Junior Peterson , Hung Ngo Thai 
Published: May 2023

PurposeThis paper investigates the probable differential impact of the confirmed cases of COVID-19 on the equities markets of G7 and Nordic countries to ascertain possible interdependencies, diversification and safe haven prospects in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic over the short-, intermediate- and long-term horizons.Design/methodology/approachThe authors apply a unique methodology in a denoised frequency-domain entropy paradigm to the selected equities markets (Li et al. 2020).FindingsThe authors’ findings reinforce the operability of the entrenched market dynamics in the COVID-19 pandemic era. The authors divulge that different approaches to fighting the pandemic do not necessarily drive a change in the deep-rooted fundamentals of the equities market, specifically for the studied markets. Except for an extreme case nearing the end (start) of the short-term (intermediate-term) between Iceland and either Denmark or the US equities, there exists no potential for diversification across the studied markets, which could be ascribed to the degree of integration between these markets.Practical implicationsThe authors’ findings suggest that politicians should pay closer attention to stock market fluctuations as well as the count of confirmed COVID-19 cases in their respective countries since these could cause changes to market dynamics in the short-term through investor sentiments.Originality/valueThe authors measure the flow of information from COVID-19 to G7 and Nordic equities using the entropy methodology induced by the Improved Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (ICEEMDAN), which is a data-driven technique. The authors employ a larger sample period as a result of this, which is required to better comprehend the subtleties of investor behaviour within and among economies – G7 and Nordic geographical blocs – which largely employed different approaches to fighting the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors’ focus is on diverging time horizons, and the ICEEMDAN-based entropy would enable us to measure the amount of information conveyed to account for large tails in these nations' equity returns. Furthermore, the authors use a unique type of entropy known as Rényi entropy, which uses suitable weights to discern tailed distributions. The Shannon entropy does not account for the fact that financial assets have fat tails. In a pandemic like COVID-19, these fat tails are very strong, and they must be accounted for.
Determining which CEO candidates will lead growth through innovation
Authors: Oliver John 
Published: May 2023

Purpose
This paper argues that certain CEO characteristics are a significant predictor of relative firm R&D spending and innovation performance and that executive boards need to be remain vigilant of their CEO’s performance by ensuring that they have the capabilities to drive innovation-led growth strategies.

Findings
The successful economic recovery from the global pandemic will be founded on the type of innovation-led growth that takes advantage of opportunities presented by a profoundly different competitive landscape. This paper demonstrates that certain CEO characteristics (age, education, career experience) are a significant predictor of relative firm R&D spending and innovation performance.

Practical implications
CEO performance is an increasingly important issue for many executive boards who are tasked with assessing whether or not incumbent CEOs and potential new CEO hires are equipped with the skills to drive innovation-led growth strategies. The findings will help executive board members and headhunting agencies to assess a CEO’s orientation toward innovation.

Originality/value
This paper presents a review of how certain CEO characteristics act as a predictor of relative firm R&D spending and innovation. It presents the main findings from both academic and business sources in a way that is easily accessible to executive boards, senior management and headhunting agencies.
The structure and ecological function of the interactions between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi through multilayer networks
Authors: Garrido José L. , Alcántara Julio M. , López‐García Álvaro , Ozuna Carmen V. , Perea Antonio J. , Prieto Jorge , Rincón Ana , Azcón‐Aguilar Concepción 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizas are one of the most frequent mutualisms in terrestrial ecosystems. Although studies on plant mutualistic interaction networks suggest that they may leave their imprint on plant community structure and dynamics, this has not been explicitly assessed. Thus, in the context of plant‐fungi interactions, studies explicitly linking plant‐mycorrhizal fungi interaction networks with key ecological functions of plant communities, such as recruitment, are lacking.

In this study, we analyse, in two Mediterranean forest communities of southern Iberian Peninsula, how plant‐arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) networks modulate plant‐plant recruitment interaction networks. We use a new approach integrating plant‐AMF and plant recruitment networks into a single multilayer structure. We also develop a new metric (Interlayer Node Neighbourhood Integration, INNI) to explore the impact of a given node on the structure across layers.

The similarity of plant species in their AMF communities is positively related to the observed frequency of recruitment interactions in the field. Results reveal that properties of plant‐AMF networks, such as plant degree and centrality, can explain about the properties of plant recruitment network, such as in‐ and out‐degree (i.e. sapling bank and canopy service) and its modular structure. However, these relationships differed between the two forest communities. Finally, we identify particular AMF that contribute to integrate the neighbourhood of recruitment interactions between plants.

This multilayer network approach is useful to explore the role of plant‐AMF interactions on recruitment, a key ecosystem function enhanced by fungi. Results provide evidence that the complex structure of plant‐AMF interactions impacts functional and structurally plant‐plant interactions, which in turn may potentially influence plant community dynamics, through their effects on the structure of the recruitment network.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Robert Harley as Secretary of State and his Intelligence Work: 1702–1708
Authors: MARSHALL ALAN 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article seeks to reassess Robert Harley's role as Secretary of State (1704–10) and especially his work in the intelligence and espionage fields of his day. It examines not only his reputation in such affairs but his skills and techniques in early eighteenth‐century espionage, and also his failures. It sets out the important administrative background of Harley's espionage work, and how he handled and processed secret material through his secretarial office. It also explores the cases of some of his secret agents, especially that of the notorious William Greg, who was later exposed as an agent of the French government and cost Harley not only his reputation for astuteness, but his post as Secretary of State. Above all, however, Harley's secretaryship of state shows how by the early eighteenth‐century, espionage had become an essential part of the routine of the early modern state.
The use of cultural repertoires of everyday nationhood and citizenship in national identity boundary‐drawing: The case of Syrian refugees in Turkey
Authors: Siviş Selin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractElaborating on salient contextual factors, such as historical conditions, national history, militarised masculinity, and language, this study looks at how repertoires of everyday nationhood are deployed in relation to boundary‐drawing in the context of the recent refugee influx in Turkey. Drawing on ethnographic observations, semi‐structured interviews and focus groups with ordinary Turkish citizens in Adana, this paper sheds light on the complexities of everyday understandings of citizenship and nationhood with regards to the emergence of ‘insider versus outsiders’ notions. Results suggest that ordinary citizens evoke various notions of nationhood in everyday life in drawing boundaries against ‘outsiders’ (i.e., refugees) by deploying historically rooted national identity constructions (militaristic, unitary) and symbols (language, flag). This article, therefore, reveals a national identity boundary‐drawing mechanism involving widespread adherence to a militarised sense of nationhood, related more to other ideas of belonging than ethnicity. It further indicates that ordinary citizens, in their narratives, link such constructions and symbols with historical and current political contexts (e.g., the conflict between Turks and Arabs during WW1, or; current military operations in Syria).
Improvement of clinical and radiological manifestations of coxitis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis treated with tumor necrosis factor‐α inhibitor golimumab: Results of a 24‐Month prospective observation study (GO‐COX Study)
Authors: Erdes Shandor , Agafonova Ekaterina M. , Timokhina Daria G. , Davidian Satenik Y. , Zemerova Elena V. , Kulikov Aleksey I. , Markova Olga G. , Achikyan Vladimir F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimThe hip joint is the most commonly affected non‐axial joint in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Data on the effects of tumor necrosis factor‐α inhibitors (TNFi) in AS patients with coxitis are limited. The aim of this study was evaluation of coxitis treated with the TNFi golimumab in real‐world settings.MethodsThis study was a prospective non‐interventional cohort study. A total of 39 patients newly prescribed with golimumab were enrolled and followed for up to 24 months. The data collected included BASFI, BASMI, ASDAS‐CRP, BASDAI indices. BASRI‐hip X‐ray score was assessed at baseline, and at 12 and 24 months. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound examination data were obtained at baseline, and at 6 and 12 months.ResultsSignificant improvements in BASFI, BASMI, ASDAS‐CRP, BASDAI scores were observed (P ≤ 0.0001), but the BASRI‐hip score remained stable. After 6 months of treatment, MRI signs of joint effusion were found in a smaller percentage of patients compared with baseline (P = 0.005 for the right and P = 0.015 for the left hip joints). After 12 months, this percentage was significantly lower than at baseline for the right hip joint (P = 0.005) and numerically lower for the left hip joint (P = 0.098). Ultrasound showed a significant increase in the percentage of patients without inflammatory changes after 6 and 12 months compared with baseline (right hip joint: P = 0.026 and P = 0.045, respectively; left hip joint: P = 0.026 for both time points).ConclusionGolimumab therapy in AS patients with coxitis was accompanied by improvement in clinical scores, and in MRI and ultrasound findings without obvious radiographic progress.
Switzerland: Political Developments and Data in 2022
Authors: FREIBURGHAUS RAHEL 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn 2022, Switzerland's notorious fame as an “island of bliss” was significantly challenged by a sequence of numerous unprecedented large‐scale crises. While the country has managed to phase out most COVID‐19 protective measures already in the year's early weeks, the 202 Russian invasion of Ukraine internationally discredited neutrality—that is, one of the traditional pillars of Swiss identity. This article traces how Switzerland muddled through crisis after crisis. Moreover, it shows how domestic politics was affected by the distinct interconnectedness of the federal and regional (i.e., cantonal) electoral arenas, an above‐average number of direct‐democratic ballot proposals, as well as by the resignation of two out of seven members of the Federal Council. The article concludes by discussing two major and highly controversial “elephant‐in‐the‐room” issues that are continuing to shape the Swiss political discourse: Swiss–EU relations and institutional reforms to gear up Swiss‐style consensus democracy for future crises.