bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manipulating Photoisomerization Rate of Triphenylethylene Derivative through Metal Coordination for Irradiation Time‐Dependent Information Encryption
Authors: Zhang Diankun , Zhang Ye , Gong Weijie , Li Jiangang , Liu Shujuan , Ma Yun , Zhao Qiang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAchieving on‐demand control of responsive behaviors of photochromic molecules is important for advanced photonic applications, but it remains a challenge. In this work, a triphenylethylene‐based molecule, 5‐(2,2‐bis(4‐fluorophenyl)vinyl)‐5″‐methyl‐2,2″‐bipyridine (1), which can undergo open‐to‐closed isomerization under 365 nm irradiation, is designed and synthesized. Importantly, on‐demand acceleration or deceleration of photoisomerization rate over a wide range (kUV = 0.00584–0.06299 s−1) is achieved by coordination of 1 with different metal salts. Furthermore, more precise manipulation of the photoisomerization rate is achieved by changing the counterions of the 1‐based metal complex. Eventually, taking advantage of distinctly different photoisomerization rates of 1 and its corresponding metal complexes, high‐level irradiation time‐dependent information encryption and anticounterfeiting applications have been demonstrated.
Microfluidic Fabrication of Highly Efficient Hydrogel Optical Fibers for In Vivo Fiber‐Optic Applications
Authors: Fitria Gea , Kwon Mina , Lee Haeni , Singh Arti , Yoo Kiyoung , Go Yeonjeong , Kim Jeesu , Kim Ki Su , Yoon Jinhwan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlthough efficient light delivery is required for various biomedical applications, the high stiffness of traditional silica‐based optical fibers limits their in vivo usage. In this study, highly deformable and stretchable soft optical fibers are prepared based on the mechanically tough hydrogels of a double network (DN) structure comprising covalently crosslinked acrylamide and ionically crosslinked alginate using a microfluidic device. Owing to the optimized chemical composition, the core/cladding structure, and the mechanical robustness of the prepared hydrogel optical fibers, highly efficient optical delivery is achieved even at highly deformed and elongated states. Furthermore, the microfluidic device further allowed the formation of dual‐core, novel architectures for hydrogel optical fibers. With the aid of the dopamine moiety included in the cladding, the hydrogel optical fibers attached strongly to all surfaces tested. Light delivery is further confirmed by implantation in the biological tissues. The high light‐guiding performance of the developed hydrogel optical fibers enables them to replace the conventional silica optical fibers used in UV/Vis, fluorescence, and photoacoustic spectroscopies. To demonstrate their in vivo fiber‐optic application potential, they are placed inside mice, and the excitation and emission of the generated fluorescence signals are detected.
Quaternary AgInP2S6: A Prospective Robust van der Waals Semiconductor for High‐Speed Photodetectors and their Application in High‐Temperature‐Proof Optical Communications
Authors: Ye Qiaojue , Deng Zexiang , Yi Huaxin , Wang Wan , Lu Jianting , Ma Yuhang , Huang Wenjing , Zheng Zhaoqiang , Ma Churong , Du Chun , Zou Yichao , Yao Jiandong , Yang Guowei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe emergence of graphene has opened the prelude of extensive research on 2D layered materials. Especially, the diverse crystal structures and exceptional physical properties of multielement van der Waals semiconductors have provided a brand‐new platform for the implementation of novel optoelectronic devices. In this study, for the first time, the optoelectronic properties of a newly emerged quaternary van der Waals semiconductor, namely silver indium phosphorus sulfide (AgInP2S6), have been systematically investigated. It is revealed that the AgInP2S6 photodetector exhibits a fast response rate with the response/recovery time down to ≈1/2 ms. In addition, the AgInP2S6 device demonstrates stable photoswitching operation even under a high working temperature of up to 160 °C in the ambient environment without using any specific protection means, and the photoswitching characteristic is also well reserved after a 10‐h continuous heating at 150 °C in air. Profiting from the strong immunity to environmental thermal disturbance, a proof‐of‐concept high‐temperature optical communication application is demonstrated. In conclusion, this study provides an intriguing paradigm for the realization of the next‐generation optoelectronic devices against extreme working circumstances, which contributes to further broadening the scope of application of 2D material photodetectors in the upcoming future (e.g., space communication and tracking).
Efficient Charge Transfer in Narrowband Organic Photodiodes Based on Self‐Assembled Heterojunction for Spectrally Selective Photodetection and Imaging
Authors: Wang Zhenhui , Wang Yueyue , Liu Manyu , Xu Meili , Jiang Zhixiang , Gao Yuanhong , Meng Hong , Wang Xinwei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSpectrally selective photodetection has been used in many areas where only band‐specific optical signals are aimed to be detected. Organic photodiodes (OPDs) based on internal light depletion mechanisms have been utilized to realize narrowband photodetection. However, the fabrication of the photoactive layers by conventional solution methods can result in the deterioration of the underneath organic depletion layers and cause high‐density defect states at their interface. Herein, a new approach is presented to realize efficient charge transfer by adopting a self‐assembly strategy to prepare donor/acceptor bulk heterojunctions as the photoactive layers for narrowband OPDs. This method is able to prepare highly smooth, phase‐uniform, and low‐defect‐density thin films with controlled thickness. With this strategy, a narrowband near‐infrared OPD centered at 760 nm with a full‐width‐at‐half‐maximum of around 60 nm, peak external quantum efficiency of 49%, and peak specific detectivity of over 1013 Jones under −5 V is achieved. Multiple material combinations for the depletion and photoactive layers are examined, and the results show the effectiveness to realize the spectrally selective photodetection (from 740 to 900 nm) in general. More importantly, the narrowband OPDs can be integrated into a matrix for imaging, which demonstrates the mass‐scale fabrication feasibility of these OPDs.
Bandgap Engineering for Ultralow‐Voltage Operation of Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Satoh Chinatsu , Okada Takuya , Oono Taku , Sasaki Tsubasa , Shimizu Takahisa , Fukagawa Hirohiko 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe minimum voltage required for a light‐emitting diode (LED) to emit light has been suggested to depend on the bandgap of the emitter. However, the correlation between the bandgap of the emitter and the operating voltage in organic LEDs (OLEDs) has remained unclear because OLEDs require a complex multilayer configuration that includes many materials other than the emitter. Here, a simple equation describing the minimum voltage required for OLED operation, expressed by using the bandgap of the emitter and other energies relevant to OLEDs, is reported. The equation is derived from the characteristics of simple‐structure OLEDs consisting of only electron‐donating (D) and electron‐accepting (A) molecules showing exciplex emission from the green to near‐infrared regions. The minimum voltage required for OLED operation is demonstrated to be more than 0.7 V lower than the emitter's bandgap divided by the elementary charge. The relatively high exciton binding energy, which is unique to organic materials, contributes to lowering the operating voltage. On the basis of these findings, D/A molecules have been newly designed for the ultralow‐voltage operation of OLEDs, and green and blue OLEDs that emit light at ≈1.5 V are realized via triplet–triplet annihilation photon upconversion.
Retraction: High‐Efficiency, Blue, Green, and Near‐Infrared Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on Triple Cation Perovskite
Authors: Kim Hyeong Pil , Kim Jeongmo , Kim Byung Soon , Kim Hyo‐Min , Kim Jeonggi , bin Mohd Yusoff Abd. Rashid , Jang Jin , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja 
Published: May 2023

Adv. Optical Mater. 2017, 5, 1600920https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201600920The above article, published online on 2 February 2017 in Wiley Online Library (https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201600920), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal's Editor‐in‐Chief, Anja Wecker, and Wiley‐VCH GmbH. An initial concern on atypical noise patterns in Figure 3 and Figure S1 was raised by third parties. An expert analysis of the requested raw data has revealed clear signatures of data manipulation. As a result, the conclusions of this study are considered not reliable.
Regiodivergent C−H Annulation of Imines with Unsymmetrical Alkynes Using Transient Directing Alcohols via Rh(III) Catalysis
Authors: Liu Bairong , Chen Yabo , Liang Qixin , Liang Yuyao , Liu Bifu , Liu Yuan , Gao Yang , Chen Qian , Huo Yanping , Li Xianwei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRegiodivergent [3+2] and [4+2] C−H annulation of imines and imidate esters with unsymmetrical alkynes has been achieved under Rh(III) catalysis. Further transformation of the aldehyde and TMS functionality on the indene products is also demonstrated. The current work highlights the alcohols‐directed multiple C−H annulation of imines and imidate esters, leading to diverse fused heterocycles.
Synthesis of (E)‐α,β‐Unsaturated Thioesters from Malonic Acid Half Thioesters and Aldehydes
Authors: Kawasaki Shun , Akagawa Kengo , Kudo Kazuaki 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA decarboxylative condensation of malonic acid half thioesters (MAHTs) with aldehydes catalyzed by benzylammonium trifluoroacetate has been developed for the synthesis of (E)‐α,β‐unsaturated thioesters. The reaction of aromatic aldehydes and sterically non‐demanding aliphatic aldehydes proceeded smoothly at room temperature in DMF in a stereo‐ and regioselective manner. Besides the unsubstituted malonate, 2‐fluoro‐ and 2‐methylmalonates could be employed as a nucleophile. Use of the present catalyst could avoid nonproductive protiodecarboxylation of MAHTs.
Selective C−H Acyloxylation of Sulfides/Disulfides Enabled by Hypervalent Iodine Reagents
Authors: Wu Shuang , Chen Yiyun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHerein, we report the α−C−H acyloxylation of sulfides and disulfides enabled by hypervalent iodine(III) reagents via photoredox catalysis. The methoxylbenziodoxole derivatives serve as the hydrogen atom transfer agent, the mild oxidant, and the acyloxylation source in the reaction. External nucleophiles can also be introduced to the α−C−H of sulfides. The reaction applies to various aryl and alkyl sulfides including methionine peptide derivatives. Disulfides are applicable for the first time with excellent chemoselectivity and functional group compatibility.
Water Flow‐Induced Energy Harvesting Exploiting Stacked Graphene Oxide Membranes
Authors: Lezzoche Antonio , Aixalà‐Perelló Anna , Pedico Alessandro , Laurenti Marco , Raffone Federico , Lamberti Andrea 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEnergy harvesting from water flow or evaporation is recently reported exploiting carbon‐based materials. The water‐carbon dualism is at the base of this phenomenon thanks to a charge redistribution at the liquid/solid interface. Many kinds of approaches and nanomaterials are proposed for this purpose. The main properties under investigation are the surface functionalization and the porosity of carbon‐based materials. In this context, the exploitation of a stacked graphene oxide (GO) membrane as layered nanochannels for water flow energy harvesting is proposed. At the best of this study's knowledge, GO membranes are never reported for this application. The flow is spontaneously induced by both capillarity and evaporation when part of the membrane is incubated in water. In this study, zero‐energy is externally provided allowing sustainable energy production without sub‐products. Different GO membranes are tested for this purpose reaching a maximum open circuit voltage of ≈450 mV and maximum current of ≈100 nA.
Passive and Wireless All‐Textile Wearable Sensor System
Authors: Galli Valeria , Sailapu Sunil Kumar , Cuthbert Tyler J. , Ahmadizadeh Chakaveh , Hannigan Brett C. , Menon Carlo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMobile health technology and activity tracking with wearable sensors enable continuous unobtrusive monitoring of movement and biophysical parameters. Advancements in clothing‐based wearable devices have employed textiles as transmission lines, communication hubs, and various sensing modalities; this area of research is moving towards complete integration of circuitry into textile components. A current limitation for motion tracking is the need for communication protocols demanding physical connection of textile with rigid devices, or vector network analyzers (VNA) with limited portability and lower sampling rates. Inductor–capacitor (LC) circuits are ideal candidates as textile sensors can be easily implemented with textile components and allow wireless communication. In this paper, the authors report a smart garment that can sense movement and wirelessly transmit data in real time. The garment features a passive LC sensor circuit constructed of electrified textile elements that sense strain and communicate through inductive coupling. A portable, lightweight reader (fReader) is developed for achieving a faster sampling rate than a downsized VNA to track body movement, and for wirelessly reading sensor information suitable for deployment with a smartphone. The smart garment–fReader system monitors human movement in real‐time and exemplifies the potential of textile‐based electronics moving forward.
Logistics of Bone Mineralization in the Chick Embryo Studied by 3D Cryo FIB‐SEM Imaging
Authors: Raguin Emeline , Weinkamer Richard , Schmitt Clemens , Curcuraci Luca , Fratzl Peter 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDuring skeletal development, bone growth and mineralization require transport of substantial amounts of calcium, while maintaining very low concentration. How an organism overcomes this major logistical challenge remains mostly unexplained. To shed some light on the dynamics of this process, cryogenic focused ion beam‐scanning electron microscopy (cryo‐FIB/SEM) is used to image forming bone tissue at day 13 of a chick embryo femur. Both cells and matrix in 3D are visualized and observed as calcium‐rich intracellular vesicular structures. Counting the number of these vesicles per unit volume and measuring their calcium content based on the electron back‐scattering signal, the intracellular velocity at which these vesicles need to travel to transport all the calcium required for the mineral deposited in one day within the collagenous tissue can be estimated. This velocity at 0.27 µm s−1 is estimated, which is too large for a diffusion process and rather suggests active transport through the cellular network. It is concluded that calcium logistics is hierarchical and based on several transport mechanisms: first through the vasculature using calcium‐binding proteins and the blood flow, then active transport over tens of micrometers through the network of osteoblasts and osteocytes, and finally diffusive transport over the last one or two microns.
Implementation of a North American pediatric emergency medicine simulation curriculum using the virtual resuscitation room
Authors: Leung James S. , Foohey Sarah , Burns Rebekah , Bank Ilana , Nemeth Joe , Sanseau Elizabeth , Auerbach Marc 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundSimulation provides consistent opportunities for residents to practice high‐stakes, low‐frequency events such as pediatric resuscitations. To increase standardization across North American residency programs, the Emergency Medicine Resident Simulation Curriculum for Pediatrics (EM ReSCu Peds) was developed. However, access to high‐quality simulation/pediatric expertise is not uniform. As the concurrent COVID‐19 pandemic necessitated new virtual simulation methods, we adapted the Virtual Resus Room (VRR) to teach EM ReSCu Peds. VRR is an award‐winning, low‐resource, open‐access distance telesimulation platform we hypothesize will be effective and scalable for teaching this curriculum.MethodsEM residents completed six VRR EM ReSCu Peds simulation cases and received immediate facilitator‐led teledebriefing. Learners completed retrospective pre–post surveys after each case. Learners and facilitators completed end‐of‐day surveys. Primary outcomes were learning effectiveness measured by a composite of the Simulation Effectiveness in Teaching Modified (SET‐M) tool and self‐reported changes in learner comfort with case objectives. Secondary outcome was VRR scalability to teach EM ReSCu Peds using a composite outcome of net promoter scores (NPS), resource utilization, open‐text feedback, and technical issues.ResultsLearners reported significantly increased comfort with 95% (54/57) of EM ReSCu Peds–defined case objectives (91% cognitive, 9% psychomotor), with moderate (Cohen's d 0.71, 95% CI 0.67–0.76) overall effect size. SET‐M responses indicated simulation effectiveness, particularly with debriefing. Ninety EM residents from three North American residency programs were taught by 59 pediatric faculty from six programs over 4 days—more than possible if simulations were conducted in person. Learners (39) and faculty (68) NPS were above software industry benchmarks (13). Minor, quickly resolved, technical issues were reported by 18% and 29% of learners and facilitators, respectively.ConclusionsLearners and facilitators report that the VRR is an effective and scalable platform to teach EM ReSCu Peds. This low‐cost, accessible distance simulation intervention could increase equitable, global access to high‐quality pediatric emergency education.
Metal‐Free Synthesis of α‐Iminonitriles via Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Liu Wen‐Hao , Liu Run‐Jiao , Liu Xing‐Yuan , Zhao Han‐Qing , Xia Zi‐Hao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA reaction of imidazo[1,2‐α]pyridine and Zhdankin reagent (IBA‐N3) is described for the synthesis of α‐iminonitriles via visible light photoredox catalysis. A series of substituted α‐iminonitriles were efficiently prepared in moderate to good yields under mild conditions. This transformation goes through a radical ring‐opening process to furnish the corresponding products. Notably, the reaction does not require toxic cyanide reagents, expensive metal photocatalysts and excessive oxidants.
Diagonal‐couplet gaits on discontinuous supports in Japanese macaques and implications for the adaptive significance of the diagonal‐sequence, diagonal‐couplet gait of primates
Authors: Goto Ryosuke , Kinoshita Yuki , Shitara Tetsuya , Hirasaki Eishi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesDiagonal‐sequence, diagonal‐couplet (DSDC) gaits have been proposed as an adaptation to travel on discontinuously arranged arboreal branches. Only a few studies have examined primate gait adjustment to support discontinuity. We analyzed the gaits of Japanese macaques walking on the “ground” and two discontinuous conditions, “circle” and “point,” to better understand the advantages of DSDC gaits on discontinuous supports.Materials and MethodsSeventy‐eight vertical posts, each with a circular upper surface, were arranged in four rows at a spacing of 200 mm. The diameter of the circular upper surface was 150 mm (“circle condition”) or 50 mm (“point condition”). We calculated the limb phase, duty factor, and time interval from hindlimb touchdown to ipsilateral forelimb liftoff. The supports the fore‐ and hindlimbs landed on during walking were identified in the circle and point condition.ResultsThe macaques predominantly used DSDC gaits in the ground and circle conditions and lateral‐sequence, diagonal‐couplet (LSDC) gaits in the point condition. The macaques usually placed their hindlimbs on the same supports as their ipsilateral forelimbs during the gait cycle.DiscussionJapanese macaques overlapped the ipsilateral fore‐ and hindlimb stance phase in all DSDC and some LSDC gaits to proximate the ipsilateral limbs on the discontinuous support, allowing the forelimb to guide the hindlimb placement to the support. The overlap duration of the ipsilateral limb stance phases may be extended by DSDC gaits longer than by LSDC gaits, allowing for a direct pass of the support being held by the prehensile hand to the prehensile foot.
Multifunctional Device for Circular to Linear Polarization Conversion and Absorption
Authors: Liao Si‐yuan , Qiao Zhen , Sui Jun‐yang , Zhang Hai‐feng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a metastructure multifunctional device for circular‐to‐linear polarization conversion (PC) and perfect absorption is proposed in which the electrical conductivity of the silicon material is controlled by light, thus changing the function of the device. The paper also explores three methods of optimizing bandwidth and their mechanisms, which are analyzed by means of current and energy density diagrams. The unit structure of this device adopts a 2 × 2 array, which is used for differentiated reflection of circular polarization waves, and forms linear polarization waves after reflection. In the other state, ultrawideband absorption can be achieved by changing the conductivity of silicon by external optical pumping, and the bandwidth is widened by inserting air resonators. In general, the device can form a PC at 0.89–1.31 THz with a relative bandwidth of 38% when there is no illumination. The resulting linear polarization wave has an axial ratio greater than 19 dB. When the silicon is excited by light resulting in a stable conductivity of around 9000 S m−1, the absorption band is 0.89–2.01 THz, the relative bandwidth is 77%, and the absorption rate is above 90%. This device can be used for communication, electromagnetic cloaking, and modulation.
New Radical Route and Insight for the Highly Efficient Synthesis of Benzimidazoles Integrated with Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Wang Yin‐Feng , Qi Ming‐Yu , Conte Marco , Tang Zi‐Rong , Xu Yi‐Jun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBenzimidazoles are a versatile class of scaffolds with important biological activities, whereas their synthesis in a lower‐cost and more efficient manner remains a challenge. Here, we demonstrate a conceptually new radical route for the high‐performance photoredox coupling of alcohols and diamines to synthesize benzimidazoles along with stoichiometric hydrogen (H2) over Pd‐decorated ultrathin ZnO nanosheets (Pd/ZnO NSs). The mechanistic study reveals the unique advantage of ZnO NSs over other supports and particularly that the features of Pd nanoparticles in facilitating the cleavage of the α‐C−H bond of alcohols and adsorbing subsequently‐generated C‐centered radicals hold the key to turning on the reaction. This work highlights a new insight into radical‐induced efficient benzimidazole synthesis pairing with H2 evolution by rationally designing semiconductor‐based photoredox systems.
Molecular Flytraps Held Together by Platinum–Platinum Intermetallic Bonds
Authors: Soto Miguel A. , Chaudhry Mohammad T. , Matharu Gunwant K. , Lelj Francesco , MacLachlan Mark J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMetal‐metal bonds have rarely been explored as active elements in supramolecular assemblies despite their unique potential to introduce responsive behavior. In this report, a dynamic molecular container composed of two cyclometalated Pt units is constructed using Pt−Pt bonds. This molecule—the flytrap—has a flexible jaw composed of two [18]crown‐6 ethers that can adapt their shape to bind large inorganic cations with sub‐micromolar affinity. Along with the spectroscopic and crystallographic characterization of the flytrap, we report its photochemical assembly, which allows the capture of ions and their transport from solution to the solid state. In addition, we have been able to recycle the flytrap to regenerate its starting material due to the reversible nature of the Pt−Pt bond. We believe that other molecular containers and materials for harvesting valuable substrates from solution could be assembled using the advances presented here.