bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping neuro-disabilities and their dimensions among under 5 years of age children in the southern agricultural corridor of Tanzania: a preliminary baseline survey
Authors: Chilipweli Peter M. , Basinda Namanya , Sabuni Paul Alikado , Hyera Fredy , Liana Upendojackline , Leeyio Titus Robert , Nyanza Elias C. , Ngowi Awerasia Vera 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundNeuro-disabilities involve impairments of the nervous system, affecting brain development and functioning. Due to limited scientific data on neuro-disabilities in Tanzania, this study examines maternal characteristics in high-risk areas, such as the Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor (SAGCOT).MethodsThis cross-sectional study sampled 286 children aged 0–5 years and their mothers in the SAGCOT region. Each mother selected the youngest child within the specified age range. Multi-stage sampling was used to choose clusters and areas for the study. The Malawi Developmental Assessment Tool (M-DAT) was used to assess the children’s developmental levels. Descriptive analysis determined distribution patterns, while multivariate analyses were performed to identify significant factors. Modified Poisson regression with robust standard errors estimated prevalence ratios (PRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsThe study included 286 mother–child pairs from four clusters: Ihemi, Kilombero, Ludewa, and Mbarali. The children’s median age was 24 months, with the majority aged between 13 and 48 months. Boys constituted a slight majority (59.4%). The majority of mothers were married (72.4%), had primary education (56.6%), and were engaged in non-farming occupations (56.3%). Neurodevelopmental assessments revealed that 11.2% of children were fully developed, while 88.8% exhibited development delays. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) with 95% confidence intervals identified significant associations between developmental domains and demographic variables such as age, gender, marital status, and maternal occupation.ConclusionThe study highlights a high prevalence of neuro-disability among children in Tanzania’s southern corridor, revealing disparities across regions and the impact of factors such as gender and marital status. Targeted interventions are essential to address these developmental challenges effectively and promote optimal child development and wellbeing.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitors in Early- and Very Early-Onset Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Doğan Akif , İlhan Nurullah , Akdağ Goncagül , Yıldırım Sedat , Seyyar Mustafa , Yüksel Yaşar Zeynep , Erölmez Hande Nur , Sürmeli Heves , Öztosun Buğra , Sever Özlem Nuray , Odabaş Hatice , Yıldırım Mahmut Emre , Çabuk Devrim , Turan Nedim , Gümüş Mahmut 
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: Early-onset breast cancer (EOBC), particularly in patients under 40, presents with distinct biological characteristics and worse survival outcomes compared to late-onset cases. Despite intensive treatments, EOBC patients, especially those with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative (HR+/HER2-) subtypes, show poorer prognosis. CDK4/6 inhibitors, combined with endocrine therapy (ET) have become the standard for HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer, yet younger patients are underrepresented in clinical trials. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of ribociclib and palbociclib with ET in HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer, addressing the critical gap in understanding treatment outcomes in younger patient populations. Materials and Methods: This multicenter, retrospective study evaluated the efficacy and safety of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK 4/6) inhibitors, ribociclib, and palbociclib, in combination with endocrine therapy in patients with hormone receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative metastatic breast cancer. Results: A total of 198 patients treated between 2019 and 2023 were analyzed for progression-free survival, overall survival, and prognostic factors. Very early-onset breast cancer, which is diagnosed before the age of 35, was identified as an independent prognostic factor for poor progression-free survival. Additional factors associated with poorer outcomes included liver metastasis, progesterone receptor negativity, high tumor grade, and the concurrent use of fulvestrant with CDK4/6 inhibitors. Both ribociclib and palbociclib demonstrated similar efficacy, and dose reductions due to treatment-related adverse events did not compromise therapeutic outcomes. Conclusions: This study is the first to focus specifically on the treatment of early-onset breast cancer with CDK4/6 inhibitors, providing critical insights into the unique challenges faced by this patient population. The findings underscore the urgent need for personalized treatment strategies, routine genetic testing, and dedicated clinical trials designed to address the specific needs of these high-risk subgroups. By advancing our understanding of the clinical and molecular landscape of early-onset breast cancer and very early-onset breast cancer, this study lays the groundwork for improving outcomes in these underserved patients through tailored therapeutic approaches.
A CRIMINOLOGIA CRÍTICA E OS CONFLITOS AGRÁRIOS: RESISTÊNCIA DOS MOVIMENTOS SOCIAIS DE LUTA PELA TERRA
Authors: Silva Karla Karoline Rodrigues , Rosero Álvaro Mauricio Chamorro 
Published: January 2025

A questão agrária no Brasil evidencia um sistema jurídico que privilegia grandes proprietários em detrimento das populações vulneráveis, intensificando a concentração fundiária e a violência nos conflitos rurais. O estudo utiliza o método dedutivo, partindo da análise geral da atuação dos movimentos sociais de luta pela terra, associado à criminologia crítica, para examinar como esses sujeitos são percebidos na sociedade. Também recorre à análise documental, com base em dados e estatísticas da Comissão Pastoral da Terra (CPT). Tem-se como objetivo geral analisar, sob a ótica da criminologia crítica, os mecanismos de criminalização e exclusão enfrentados pelos movimentos sociais rurais no Brasil. Os objetivos específicos são: a) investigar a questão agrária e as formas de resistência dos movimentos sociais na luta pelo acesso à terra; b) examinar como a criminologia crítica explica a perpetuação da violência nos conflitos agrários e c) identificar a seletividade nas violências direcionadas aos sujeitos do campo, especialmente integrantes dos movimentos sociais. À luz da criminologia crítica, os integrantes dos movimentos sociais são tratados como “bodes expiatórios” de um sistema que perpetua a concentração fundiária. Estigmatizados como “invasores”, são deslegitimados em suas reivindicações por reforma agrária, reforçando a exclusão e a violência estrutural no campo brasileiro.
Biosynthesis Silver nanoparticles by using Supernatant staphylococcus epidermidis and antibacterial Activity of resistant pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Daood Nisreen , Abdel Qader Maitham 
Published: January 2025

Nanotechnology is a contemporary technological field that emerged towards the conclusion of the twentieth century. This technique gained widespread recognition and played a pivotal role due to its capacity to effectively address the challenges encountered by medications, namely by enhancing absorption and disintegration. Furthermore, the importance of stability and accurate distribution of therapy to the intended site has been emphasized by (1) ; (2). Nanotechnology refers to the manipulation and fabrication of particles that are smaller than 100 nanometers in size (3) in order to enhance the surface area. The area-to-volume ratio facilitates chemical interactions between individual atoms (4). The present work used a bacterial filtrate derived from Staphylococcus epidermidis bacterium and silver nitrate. The GC-Ms analysis of the bacterial isolate extract identified many highly concentrated active chemicals, including methyl phenyl sulfoxide, 2, 3 Friedelin, and 1, 3, 5-triphenylcyclohexane.
The UV-visible light spectrum of silver nanoparticles showed the highest absorbance peak at wavelength 416. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed four peaks at levels 111, 200, 220, and 311. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum of the extracellular bacterial filtrate and the resulting silver particles showed several bands in the range 500-4000 cm-1, which indicate O-H groups for alcoholic and phenolic compounds, N-H groups for amino acids, C=C for alkanes, and S= O belongs to sulfur compounds. Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FSEM) showed that silver nanoparticles are located within a nanoscale orbit. Their sizes reached 37.78-61.29 nanometers, with an average of 19.75 nanometers. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), which accompanies the scanning electron microscope examination, recorded the weight percentage of silver as equal to 88%.
Silver nanoparticles manufactured from the extract of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria were effective against multi-antibiotic-resistant pathogenic isolates. Staphylococcus aureus bacteria were more resistant, with an average diameter of inhibition of 11.11 mm. While Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria were more sensitive, with an average diameter of inhibition of 14.57 mm, the concentration of 200 µg/ml was the most effective.
KAJIAN UNDANG-UNDANG DAN REGULASI TENTANG UMKM DI PASAR MODERN SURABAYA
Authors: Mas Abdul Ghoffar , Suaib Ronalmanto , Tama Muhammad Mutammam Musthofa , Fitri Rohmatul , Kartikasari Meivi 
Published: January 2025

Pertumbuhan kelompok ekonomi mikro, kecil dan menengah sejak kemerdekaan menjadi perhatian pemerintah dan termuat di UUD’45. Kelompok usaha ini, menjadi perhatian pada kategori usaha rumah tangga untuk produsen dan penjual. UMKM ini dapat mengakses pendampingan, bantuan pengawasan, pelatihan dan bantuan usaha dari BUMN dan Swasta melalui kepedulian sosial perusahaan (CSR). Sejalan pertumbuhan UMKM Produksi, Pasar UMKM juga mendapat dukungan untuk pembukaan pasar yang lebih luas, dapat diterima pasar ekspor dan pasar modern. BUMN, Industri swasta dan perhotelan banyak berperan memberikan fasilitas gerai dan display produk UMKM. Sedangkan pengembangan market UMKM di pasar modern masih memiliki hambatan dan tantangan karena adanya kesenjangan kebutuhan market dan kualitas produk UMKM. Karena itu, Pusat Perbelanjaan dapat berperan sebagai Link and Match di pasar modern untuk produk UMKM. Sehingga, ada tiga yang terlibat yaitu (1) Lembaga pemerintah (regulator), (2) Lembaga BUMN / Swasta (pendamping produksi) dan (3) Pasar Modern (market produk) UMKM. Kajian kualitatif terhadap ketentuan hukum normatif secara berurutan dari peraturan pemerintah pusat, peraturan pemerintah daerah, dan peraturan di pusat perbelanjaan modern menghasilkan hipotesa tentang sistem perundang-undangan yang berhubungan dengan UMKM, yang dapat memperjelas peluang pelaku UMKM menjadi UMKM formal. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini, diharapkan dapat membuka tabir penghalang dan memberikan rekomendasi UMKM di Pusat Perbelanjaan.
MULTI LABEL KLASIFIKASI GENRE FILM BERDASARKAN SINOPSIS MENGGUNAKAN METODE LONG SHORT-TERM MEMORY (LSTM)
Authors: Akbar Jihadul , Hairul Fahmi  , Wafiah Murniati  
Published: January 2025

Film merupakan sarana hiburan yang dapat dinikmati oleh banyak orang, bukan hanya sebagai hiburan tetapi juga merupakan sarana pemasaran, perdagangan dan pendidikan. Genre merupakan salah satu karakteristik penting dari sebuah film. Oleh sebab itu klasifikasi genre merupakan cara untuk menemukan hubungan dari masing-masing film sehingga memudahkan penonton untuk menemukan film yang sesuai. Klasifikasi genre film mungkin sangat komprehensif atau beragam berdasarkan kriteria, ada banyak genre yang serupa dalam satu film mungkin termasuk beberapa genre di dalamnya. Untuk menyelesaikan masalah tersebut peneliti mengusulkan klasifikasi multilabel genre film berdasarkan sinopsis menggunakan algoritma Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) dan membandingkan kinerja word embedding Word2Vec, GloVe dan FastText. Arsitektur model LSTM yang diusulkan terdiri dari beberapa layer yakni layer Embedding, SpastialDropout1d, LSTM dan Dese. Nilai dari masing-masing layer yakni 300, 0.5, 128, dan 18. Pengujian dilakukan dengan tiga scenario menunjukkan word embedding GloVe mengungguli Word2Vec dan FastText dengan f1-score 0.603, 0.591 dan 0.580.
JWST Discovery of a Very Fast Biconical Outflow of Warm Molecular Gas in the Nearby Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxy F08572+3915 NW
Authors: Dan Kylie Yui , Seebeck Jerome , Veilleux Sylvain , Rupke David , Gonzalez-Alfonso Eduardo , Garcia-Bernete Ismael , Liu Weizhe , Lutz Dieter , Melendez Marcio , Pereira Santaella Miguel , Sturm Eckhard , Tombesi Francesco 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We present new James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Mid-Infrared Instrument Medium-Resolution Spectrometer observations of the nearby ultraluminous infrared galaxy (ULIRG) F08572+3915 NW. These integral field spectroscopic (IFS) data reveal a kpc-scale warm-molecular rotating disk and biconical outflow traced by the H2
ν = 0–0 S(1), S(2), S(3), and S(5) rotational transitions. The outflow maintains a relatively constant median (maximum) projected velocity of 1100 km s−1 (3000 km s−1) out to ∼1.4 kpc from the nucleus. The outflowing H2 material is slightly warmer (640–700 K) than the rotating disk material (460–520 K), perhaps due to shock heating in the highly turbulent outflowing material. This outflow shares the same kinematics and orientation as the sub-kiloparsec scale warm H2 outflow traced by the rovibrational H2 lines in Keck AO near-infrared IFS data. However, this warm H2 outflow is significantly faster than the sub-kiloparsec-scale cold molecular outflow derived from multi-transition far-infrared OH observations with Herschel and the greater than or equivalent to kiloparsec-scale cold molecular outflow mapped by millimeter-wave interferometric CO 1–0 observations with IRAM-PdBI and NOEMA. The new JWST data bolster the scenario where the buried quasar in this ULIRG is excavating the dust screen, accelerating perhaps as much as 60% of the dusty warm molecular material to velocities beyond the escape velocity, and thus influencing the evolution of the host galaxy.
Comparison of Bar Formation Mechanisms. I. Does a Tidally Induced Bar Rotate Slower than an Internally Induced Bar?
Authors: Zheng Yirui , Shen Juntai 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Galactic bars can form via the internal bar instability or external tidal perturbations by other galaxies. We systematically compare the properties of the bars formed through the two mechanisms with a series of controlled N-body simulations that form bars through internal or external mechanisms. We create three disk galaxy models with different dynamical “hotness” and evolve them in isolation and under flyby interactions. In the cold- and warm-disk models, where bars can form spontaneously in isolation, tidally induced bars are promoted to a more “advanced” evolutionary stage. However, these bars have similar pattern speeds to those formed spontaneously within the same disk. Bars formed from both mechanisms have similar distributions in pattern-speed–bar-strength (Ω
p
− A
2) space and exhibit comparable ratios of corotation radius to bar length (

R
=

R

CR

/

R

bar

). Dynamical analyses suggest that the inner stellar disk loses the same amount of angular momentum, irrespective of the presence or intensity of the perturbation, which possibly explains the resemblance between tidally and spontaneously formed bars. In the hot-disk model, which avoids the internal bar instability in isolation, a bar forms only under perturbations and rotates more slowly than those in the cold and warm disks. Thus, if “tidally induced bars” refer exclusively to those in galaxies that are otherwise stable against bar instability, they indeed rotate slower than internally induced ones. However, the pattern speed difference is due to the difference in the internal properties of the bar host galaxies, not the different formation mechanisms.
Helena Beristáin y la retórica: entre hispanismo, indigenismo y cultura popular (México, 1927-2013)
Authors: Díaz Alejandra , López Taylor Rosa Vesta 
Published: January 2025

Helena Beristáin Díaz (1927-2013) fue una reconocida profesora de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Su legado incluye obras especializadas, didácticas y de divulgación. Entre ellas figuran su Gramática estructural de la lengua española (1975) y el Diccionario de retórica y poética (1985). Trascendió su formación filológica sin renunciar a ella, al explorar el estructuralismo lingüístico y la semiótica; fue pionera en la renovación del análisis retórico en América Latina. Concibió al pueblo español como mestizo en su génesis, y fundador de otros pueblos mestizos en América. Se interesó por la cultura popular, en la cual encontró uno de sus mayores retos intelectuales: la elucidación del albur, un juego verbal regido por normas situacionales, cuya tradición se remonta a los siglos coloniales y cuyas bases se arraigan en la práctica de la sexualidad, así como en la dominación colonial y patriarcal.
Cartografia sensível na comunicação
Authors: Ventura Jussia , Rodarte Lidia 
Published: January 2025

Este artigo tem por objetivo a construção de uma Cartografia Sensível como proposta metodológica para a Comunicação Social. Buscamos desenvolver um método que mapeie os pontos de contato, de interação, com o objetivo de analisar o que promove o afeto entre um público e um produto midiático. Para isso, nos apoiamos na fenomenologia, suas técnicas metodológicas e categorias de análise, definindo, aqui, duas categorias para empreender a análise: temporalidade e cooperação; visto que ambas se relacionam de forma a moldar interações e relações. A metodologia proposta faz referência aos princípios rizomáticos de Deleuze e Guattari (2007), porém ancorada na cartografia proposta por Martín-Barbero (2002), que possui como característica a fluidez.
Single treatment selective laser trabeculoplasty in a Southern African resource-constrained context
Authors: Pons Emma J. , Pons Jonathan J. , Grossman Elly S. , Louw Daniel , Werbeloff Merle 
Published: January 2025

Background: In a resource-constrained environment, selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) is an attractive option. This study’s primary objective is to report real-world outcomes in terms of reduction in intraocular pressure, reduction in topical treatment and further surgery required.Methods: A retrospective case series of consecutive patients who received SLT between 01 January 2017 and 31 December 2018 was conducted. Patient data were captured for up to 21 months.Results: In all, 59 eyes of 36 patients were analysed. The mean patient age was 57.8 years (± 10.0). Sixty four per cent of the patients had SLT on both eyes. 83% of the patients were black ethnicity or of mixed race ethnicity. There was a significant and sustained intraocular pressure reduction (median reduction = 25.8%, IQR = 5.3%, 40.4%) from pre-SLT to 10–15 months (Wilcoxon T = 27.5, p = 0.002). The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis estimated that 60% of patients required no treatment escalation for up to 21 months. Neither cup-disc ratio nor pre-treatment intraocular pressure were found to be a predictive factor of treatment success or failure (p = 0.675 and p = 0.128).Conclusion: The results of this study support the use of SLT for patients with not only mild to moderate glaucoma but also advanced glaucoma in a Southern African, resource-limited context. The results demonstrate ongoing benefit for these patients up to 21 months following a single treatment.Contribution: This research provides, for the first time, long-term data from a low-resourced setting on the use of SLT in the treatment of glaucoma in Eswatini.
Extended protective effects of three dimensional cultured human mesenchymal stromal cells in a neuroinflammation model
Authors: Kim Ok-Hyeon , Kang Hana , Chang Eun Seo , Lim Younghyun , Seo Young-Jin , Lee Hyun Jung 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND
Human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) possess regenerative potential due to pluripotency and paracrine functions. However, their stemness and immunomodulatory capabilities are sub-optimal in conventional two-dimensional (2D) culture.
AIM
To enhance the efficiency and therapeutic efficacy of MSCs, an in vivo -like 3D culture condition was applied.
METHODS
MSCs were cultured on polystyrene (2D) or in a gellan gum-based 3D system. In vitro , prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2, indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase, heme oxygenase 1, and prostaglandin E synthase gene expression was quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. MSCs were incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mouse splenocytes, and prostaglandin E2 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. In vivo , LPS was injected into the lateral ventricle of mouse brain, and MSCs were administered intravenously the next day. Animals were sacrificed and analyzed on days 2 and 6.
RESULTS
Gellan gum polymer-based 3D culture significantly increased expression of octamer-binding transcription factor 4 and Nanog homeobox stemness markers in human MSCs compared to 2D culture. This 3D environment also heightened expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and heme-oxygenase 1, enzymes known for immunomodulatory functions, including production of prostaglandins and heme degradation, respectively. MSCs in 3D culture secreted more prostaglandin E2 and effectively suppressed tumor necrosis factor-alpha release from LPS-stimulated splenocytes and surpassed the efficiency of MSCs cultured in 2D. In a murine neuroinflammation model, intravenous injection of 3D-cultured MSCs significantly reduced ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein expression, mitigating chronic inflammation more effectively than 2D-cultured MSCs.
CONCLUSION
The microenvironment established in 3D culture serves as an in vivo mimetic, enhancing the immunomodulatory function of MSCs. This suggests that engineered MSCs hold significant promise a potent tool for cell therapy.