bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Traction Coefficient is Not a Property of the Liquid Alone
Authors: Bair Scott , Habchi Wassim 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The slow progress in the prediction of elastohydrodynamic film thickness and friction may be attributed to the mistaken notion that a traction curve is equivalent to a rheological flow curve. A similar concept is being standardized by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) for the traction coefficient of aerospace oils. Four standards teach that traction coefficient is an inherent physical property of oil and that full-film traction does not depend upon the roller material and that there can be traction measurements, which do not depend on the test rig. These traction coefficients are to be employed in models for thermal management analyses without the need for measuring primary properties. Through example calculations, using primary properties of turbine oil, it is shown here that elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) friction is not a property of the liquid alone, and that it depends on at least two contact characteristics as well, namely, the aspect ratio and scale. Within the tribology literature, there is much evidence of the dependence of EHL friction on other contact parameters as well that are not characteristic of the fluid.
Refractory pneumonia due to persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection in an immunocompromised host successfully treated with extended course nirmatrelvir/ritonavir
Authors: Sonoda Shiro , Shimada Sho , Sawada Atsushi , Yasuda Tomoka , Shirai Tsuyoshi , Furusawa Haruhiko , Tanaka Yukie , Tanimoto Kousuke , Takeuchi Hiroaki , Miyazaki Yasunari 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background
Immunocompromised individuals are infected with persistent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and often refractory to treatment.

Case Summary
A 56-year-old woman undergoing chemotherapy for follicular lymphoma experienced relapsing pulmonary infiltrates and a consistently low cycle threshold value of nasal swab SARS-CoV-2 PCR over a 5-month period. Despite repeated remdesivir and glucocorticoid therapy, her respiratory symptoms worsened and progressed to respiratory failure. Viral genome analysis revealed that the variant strain at onset was XBB, whereas the strains repeatedly detected more than 2 months after onset were XBB.2.3.

Conclusion
The genome analysis indicated that genomic mutations accumulate due to continuous XBB infection. The patient recovered after treatment with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir for 20 days.
The Story behind the Science: On the discovery of respiratory syncytial virus
Authors: Casadevall Arturo , Roane Philip R. , Shenk Thomas , Roizman Bernard 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was discovered in 1956 by the laboratory of Robert Chanock after its isolation from children with upper respiratory infections. Here, we review the events leading to its discovery including its prior isolation as chimpanzee coryza virus and its subsequent association with human disease.
Efficacy of yeast beta-glucan 1,3/1,6 supplementation on respiratory infection, fatigue, immune markers and gut health among moderate stress adults in Klang Valley of Malaysia: protocol for a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study
Authors: Mohamad Habibullah Nur Nadia , Shahar Suzana , Ismail Munirah , Ibrahim Norhayati , Kamaruddin Mohd Zul Amin , Tang Shirley Gee Hoon , Hamid Mohd Faisal Abdul , Ramasamy Kalavathy 
Published: January 2025

Introduction
Yeast beta-glucan (YBG) are recognised for enhancing the immune system by activating macrophages, a key defence mechanism. Given the global prevalence and impact of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) on productivity and healthcare costs, YBG has shown promise as a potential therapeutic and preventive strategy for recurrent respiratory tract infections. However, little is known regarding the efficacy of YBG at lower dosages in relation to URTI, fatigue, immune response and uncertainties of how they affect the gut microbiota composition.

Methods and analysis
This 12-week randomised, double-blinded, placebo control, parallel-group clinical trial aims to evaluate the efficacy of YBG 1,3/1,6 on respiratory tract infection, fatigue, immune markers and gut health among adults with moderate stress. The study involves 198 adults aged 18–59 years with moderate stress levels as assessed using Perceived Stress Scale 10 (score 14–26) and Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (score ≥9); and had symptoms of common colds for the past 6 months as assessed using Jackson Cold Scale. These participants will be randomised into three groups, receiving YBG 1,3/1,6 at either 120 mg, 204 mg or a placebo. The outcomes measures include respiratory infection symptoms, fatigue, mood state and quality of life assessed using Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptoms Scale, Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory, Profile of Mood State and Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire, respectively. In addition, full blood analysis and assessment of immune, inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers will be taken. Secondary outcome includes gut microbiota analysis using stool samples via 16S rRNA sequencing.

Ethics and dissemination
The research protocol of the study was reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM/PPI/111/8/JEP-2023–211). The findings will be disseminated to participants, healthcare professionals and researchers via conference presentations and peer-reviewed publications.

Trial registration number

NCT48336189
Adaptive clinical trial of AZD7442 and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in immunosuppressed patients highly vulnerable to infection with SARS-CoV-2 virus (RAPID-PROTECTION): protocol for a multicentre, interventional open-label, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Varley Melanie , Euden Joanne , Adams Richard , Barnes Eleanor , Bodman Craig , Choy Ernest , Cicconi Paola , Dagley Vivien , Ewer Katie , Griffin Sian , Harris Debbie , Hill Adrian , Hood Kerenza , Knapper Steven , Pringle Shirley , Porter Catherine , Ottensmeier Christian H , Raisanen Lawrence , Ray Ruby , Tangney Rebecca , Wilson Keith , Nixon Lisette Sheena , Thomas-Jones Emma , Tuthill Mark 
Published: January 2025

Introduction
Despite repeated vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 virus, patients who are immunocompromised remain at very high risk of catching SARS-CoV-2 virus and becoming unwell. AZD7442 (Evusheld) is a long-acting monoclonal antibody treatment that has been shown in clinical trials to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection for up to a year after a single dose. Vaccines require a healthy immune system to generate protective immunity. AZD7442 may prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection in immunocompromised individuals that may not have responded to repeated vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 virus. Unlike vaccinations, AZD7442 reaches effective levels within the body a few hours after a single dose. The RAPID-PROTECTION trial will determine the levels of immune protection that AZD7442 offers patients at the very highest risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and whether this protection can be further enhanced by repeated vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Methods
RAPID-PROTECTION is a multicentre, interventional and open-label adaptive platform trial that aims to recruit 350 immunocompromised participants across five UK centres. Participants will be administered AZD7442 on day 0 followed by a SARS-CoV-2 vaccination 28 days later. Participants will be randomised (1:1) to the Moderna vaccine or Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine. Participant samples will be taken at baseline and at multiple timepoints after the administration of AZD7442.

Analysis
The participant samples will be analysed to measure the function and magnitude of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody and T-cell responses at baseline and at multiple timepoints after the administration of AZD7442. The immunological effect of the study interventions will be determined by comparison of the results of immunological assessments at baseline and subsequent timepoints.

Ethics and dissemination
The trial protocol was approved by the research ethics committee of the National Health Service (reference 22/HRA/0359), Health Research Authority and Health and Care Research Wales on 25 July 2022. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific conferences.

Trial registration number

NCT53507177
.
DepRescribing inapprOpriate Proton Pump InhibiTors (DROPIT): study protocol of a cluster-randomised controlled trial in Swiss primary care
Authors: Schulthess-Lisibach Angela Edith , Lüthold Renata Vidonscky , Tombez Clémentine , Weir Kristie Rebecca , Zangger Martina , Chan Samantha , Jenal Flurina , Roumet Marie , Mattmann Yvonne , Bieri Christof , Aubert Carole Elodie , Rodondi Nicolas , Zambrano Ramos Sofia Carolina , Trelle Sven , Neuner-Jehle Stefan , Juillerat Pascal , Barbier Michaela , Inauen Jennifer , Streit Sven , Jungo Katharina Tabea , Vallejo-Yagüe Enriqueta 
Published: January 2025

Objectives
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely prescribed medications and commonly used for the treatment of gastric acid-related disorders. Nevertheless, PPIs are often overused leading to potential adverse effects and unnecessary healthcare costs. Deprescribing strategies have emerged to safely reduce or substitute inappropriate PPIs and optimise patient care in an evidence-based manner. This protocol describes a study to evaluate the effectiveness of a PPI deprescribing intervention in comparison to usual care in the Swiss primary care setting.

Design
An open-label, cluster randomised controlled trial.

Setting
Swiss primary care settings.

Participants
Included participants will be adults with inappropriate PPI treatment and will be recruited by general practitioners (GPs). Participants treated by the same GP constitute a cluster. Clusters are randomised 1:1 to either the intervention group or the control group.

Interventions
The intervention components consist of deprescribing tools including educational material, decision aids for both participants and GPs, and additional trainings for GPs only. Patients in the control group will receive usual care. Data will be collected at baseline, 3-, 6-, 9- and 12-month follow-up time through online surveys or a phone call for both GPs and participants.

Primary and secondary outcome measures
The first co-primary endpoint is the effectiveness of the deprescribing intervention measured by the change of prescribed PPI dose. The second co-primary endpoint is safety, which is measured with the Reflux Disease Questionnaire assessing change in gastrointestinal symptoms. There are several secondary endpoints, such as the total number of prescribed medications, occurrences of changes in prescription patterns, PPI discontinuation and cost-effectiveness.

Conclusions
The findings from this study will provide evidence on the effectiveness and safety of a PPI deprescribing intervention for patients and GPs. Successful implementation of our PPI deprescribing strategy has the potential to improve patient outcomes and lower costs.

Trial registration number

NCT06129474
.
Computational pathology identifies a low B-cell content in the tumour microenvironment as a predictor of adverse outcome in patients with classic Hodgkin lymphoma treated with ABVD
Authors: Santisteban-Espejo Antonio , Benavides-De la Fuente Cristian , Mangas-Rojas Alipio , Montero-Pavon Pedro , Bernal-Florindo Irene , Aldaco-Puntas Eduardo , Prieto-Conde Isabel , Perez-Requena Jose , Atienza-Cuevas Lidia , Fernández-Valle Maria del Carmen , Garzón-López Sebastian , Garcia-Rojo Marcial 
Published: January 2025

AimsThe prognostic impact of B lymphocytes surrounding Hodgkin and Reed Sternberg (HRS) cells in classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) and pathogenic variants in genes associated with apoptosis regulation remains undefined.MethodsWe have quantified the proportion of B lymphocytes in tumour microenvironment (TME) in 220 diagnostic slides from 110 cHL patients applying computational pathology (CP) and sequenced cases using a targeted panel including 47 genes recurrently mutated in mature B-cell neoplasms. Kaplan–Meier estimators and multivariate Cox regression on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were assessed following the Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis guidelines.ResultsThe mean percentage of B lymphocytes was 45.1 (SD: 24.8). Genes recurrently affected by nonsynonymous somatic mutations in 25% or more of patients included EP300, NOTCH and ABL1. A lower number of mutations were discovered in Epstein–Barr virus-positive cHL (21.1% vs 78.8%) reinforcing the notion that viral infection could functionally replace the need for genomic aberrations. Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) patients that jointly presented a reduction in the number of B lymphocytes in TME (<8%) and the absence of mutations in apoptosis-associated genes (ABL1, BIRC3, CASP8 and FAS) presented a lower OS (mean OS: 31.5 months, 95% CI: 0 to 69.7 months) in comparison with patients without this event (mean OS: 84.7 months, 95% CI: 61.9 to 107.5 months) (p=0.01). This high-risk cHL subgroup also presented a significantly lower PFS (mean PFS: 8.5 months, 95% CI: 7.5 to 9.5 months) in comparison with B-cell-enriched or apoptosis-mutated cHL (mean PFS: 55.2 months; 95% CI: 42.4 to 68 months) (p<0.001).ConclusionsThis study expands previous data on the value of CP in cHL, and specifically, the distribution of B cells, identifying patients with an increased risk of treatment failure and progression. Furthermore, immune escape by apoptosis dysregulation during clonal selection occurring in germinal centres constitutes a landmark of cHL. These results could be the basis for further development of targeted therapies directed against apoptosis modulators in cHL.
Dyad leadership blueprint: nine strategies for effective collaboration
Authors: Linhardt Rylee , Holladay Courtney L , Shah Avani , Rustagi Anoushka , Salas Eduardo 
Published: January 2025

Background/AimThe physician–administrator dyads are a strategic method of collaboration in healthcare organisations. Dyad leaders are part of a multidisciplinary team that integrates their expertise to generate better patient, physician, and organisational outcomes. An assumption of team science is that diverse experts, while knowledgeable, struggle to work together to resolve problems because of their vastly different decision-making and implementation strategies. Similarly, conflicting priorities, competing pressures, and lack of clear understanding of the other member’s role will result in ineffective teamwork between the dyad.MethodsWe conducted a literature review of dyad leadership in healthcare and connected these insights to the teamwork literature.ResultsWe connect the challenges of dyad leadership with practical solutions that help physicians and administrators integrate their diverse expertise. To overcome these challenges, healthcare employees, teams, and organisations must implement an effective structure for diverse dyads to work together effectively. We develop a framework based on a review of the literature on dyads and describe what is needed for an effective partnership between the physician and administrator.ConclusionsWe describe the teamwork mechanisms that develop as teams use these strategies, which ultimately makes the dyads effective in the organisation. Dyad leaders who use these strategies will develop their teamwork behaviours and teamwork processes to reduce conflict and sustain the viability of their team to complete their goals, benefiting the patient, the team, and the organisation.
A perturbative approach to complexity during shearing, dissipative collapse
Authors: Reddy Kevin , Govender Megan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We investigate the notion of complexity as defined by Herrera et al. (Phys Rev D 97:044010, 2018) for a star undergoing dissipative collapse in the presence of shear. We adopt a perturbative scheme which tracks the onset of collapse from an initially static configuration described by the Bowers–Liang model. The complexity for the initially static configuration is driven solely by the anisotropy and grows as the difference in the radial and tangential stresses grow. As the star loses equilibrium and transits into a dissipative collapse phase, the dynamical complexity is enhanced by contributions from the anisotropy and density inhomogeneity. The novelty of our work highlights the impact of pressure anisotropy and density inhomogeneity to the evolution of the complexity factor as a self-gravitating body evolves from an initially complexity-free and static regime into a dynamical radiating stellar object in the presence of shear.
Local peculiar motions in McVittie and LTB spacetimes
Authors: Molaei Masoud , Baghram Shant , Mashhoon Bahram 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We consider two inhomogeneous cosmological models, namely, the flat McVittie spacetime and a simple specific LTB spacetime. Relative to the world line of a reference comoving observer that remains spatially at rest, we study the local deviations of the world lines of free test particles. These local peculiar motions can be invariantly characterized within the framework of a quasi-inertial Fermi normal coordinate system established along the world line of the reference comoving observer. Tidal dynamics in the McVittie model involves the sum of the curvature due to the inhomogeneity, the curvature due to the background FLRW spacetime and a mixed term, while tidal dynamics in the particular LTB model turns out to be qualitatively the same as in the Einstein-de Sitter universe. Peculiar motions in the two cosmological models are briefly compared and contrasted.
Hess J1731-347 is likely a quark star based on the density-dependent vMIT bag model
Authors: Ju Min , Chu Pengcheng , Wu Xuhao , Liu He 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this study, we extend the MIT bag model by incorporating the vector interaction among quarks and introducing a density-dependent bag pressure. Then we proceed to investigate the thermodynamic properties of strange quark matter (SQM) and pure up-down quark matter (udQM) in quark stars (QSs). Our findings demonstrate that the density dependence of bag pressure

$$B(n_b)$$

B
(

n
b

)

and the vector interaction

$$G_V$$

G
V

among quarks can significantly stiffen the equation of state (EOS) for both SQM and udQM which allows for the description of massive compact stars such as those observed in GW190814 and PSR J0740+6620 as plausible candidates for QSs. Ultimately, we derived a series of mass–radius relations of QS based on several combinations of (

$$B_{as}$$

B

as

,

$$\beta $$

β

). Our results support the hypothesis that HESS J1731-347 is a quark star.
Grammar Mutation for Testing Input Parsers – RCR Report
Authors: Bendrissou Bachir , Cadar Cristian , Donaldson Alastair F. 
Published: January 2025

This document presents the artefact that was used to run experiments and produce results reported in the paper “Grammar Mutation for Testing Input Parsers”. The artefact includes a docker image and a dockerfile. The image can be reconstructed by executing the provided dockerfile. The dockerfile includes all instructions needed to reconstruct the image. Files stored in the image include scripts, systems under test, and grammar files. We also list the steps and instructions required to reproduce the results of the experiment.
Fast Charging of Silicon Anode-Based Lithium-Ion Batteries at the Pouch Cell Level
Authors: Thapa Arun , Gao Hongwei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Silicon (Si) is an attractive anode material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of its high theoretical capacity and natural abundance. Therefore, its physical and energy storage properties, especially achieving high specific capacity and cyclability, have been studied extensively. However, there is a lack of reports on the proper fast charging of Si-based LIBs. Herein, we developed an anode by physically mixing Si nanoparticles with carbon nanotubes and assembled a three-electrode pouch cell by pairing the developed anode with a lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide cathode and an extra reference electrode. The reference electrode was crucial in developing a fast-charging protocol (FCP) that not only fast-charged the cell but also prevented lithium plating, which is essential for extending the cycle life of LIBs. The FCP achieved 10–80% and 0–80% states of charge in 14.5 and 20.5 minutes, respectively, at room temperature. The FCP achieved ~55% capacity retention (616 mAh g-1) after 500 fast-charging cycles, indicating excellent cycle stability and good battery health. This work presents FCP and its performance data from Si-based LIBs to the battery community, which can be crucial to exploring the fastest possible FCP for next-generation high-energy-density LIBs.
PI3K/mTOR Dual Inhibitor GSK458 and Arsenic Trioxide Exert Synergistic Antitumor Effects against Ovarian Clear-Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Yan , Kinose Yasuto , Kasuya Kanako , Koizumi Mai , Shimizu Aasa , Nakamura Koji , Toda Aska , Kawano Mahiru , Kodama Michiko , Hashimoto Kae , Sawada Kenjiro , Kimura Tadashi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Ovarian clear-cell carcinoma (OCCC), particularly advanced or recurrent settings, is generally resistant to platinum-based chemotherapy, warranting novel therapeutic strategies. Mutations in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway are frequently reported in OCCC. Therefore, we hypothesized that the PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor, GSK458, and arsenic trioxide (As2O3) may exert synergistic antitumor effects on OCCC. We investigated the effects of GSK458, As2O3, and the combination of GSK458 and As2O3 on cell viability, colony formation, and apoptosis in seven OCCC cells. Mechanistically, transcriptomic differences were assessed among the groups. Additionally, their antitumor effects were evaluated on the three-dimensional cultures of OCCC patient-derived xenografts as well as in vivo. Low-dose combination of GSK458 and As2O3 exerted synergistic antitumor effects in vitro. Viability of the three-dimensional OCCC patient-derived xenograft cultures treated with the combination of GSK458 and As2O3 decreased to 23.8% of that of the control. RNA sequencing revealed that the mechanism was associated with cell cycle and DNA damage repair. The combination of GSK458 and As2O3 synergistically inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and angiogenesis and increased apoptosis. Compared with any monotherapy, the combination treatment significantly suppressed tumor growth in vivo, thereby enhancing survival. Overall, our findings highlight the potential of the novel combination of GSK458 and As2O3 for OCCC treatment.