bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eutrophication trends in the coastal region of the Great Tokyo area based on long-term trends of Secchi depth
Authors: Akada Hideyuki , Kodama Taketoshi , Yamaguchi Tamaha 
Published: July 2023

Background
The coastal ocean’s environment has changed owing to human activity, with eutrophication becoming a global concern. However, oligotrophication occurs locally and decreases fish production. Historically, the Secchi depth has been used as an index of primary productivity. We analyzed the results of over-a-half-century routine observations conducted in Sagami Bay and Tokyo Bay to verify the eutrophication/oligotrophication trend based on Secchi depth observations in a temperate coastal region near the Greater Tokyo area, which is highly affected by human activities.

Methods
Data recorded in the Kanagawa Prefecture from 1963 to 2018 were used in this study. After quality control, the observation area was divided into Tokyo Bay, the Uraga Channel (outer part of Tokyo Bay), Sagami Bay (northern part), and Sagami Nada (southern part of Sagami Bay) based on temperature and salinity at a depth of 10 m. Because the environmental parameters showed autocorrelation, time-series and correlation analyses were conducted using generalized least squares (GLS) models with a Prais-Winsten estimator.

Results
The Secchi depth was the shallowest in Tokyo Bay, followed by the Uraga Channel, Sagami Bay, and Sagami Nada, and was deep in winter (December and January), and shallow in summer (July) in all regions. The correlated analyses using the GLS model indicated that the shallowing of Secchi depth was significantly associated with decreases in temperature, salinity, and phosphate concentration. However, time-series analyses using GLS models indicated that the Secchi depth was significantly shallower, except in Tokyo Bay, where the surface temperature was significantly warming and the surface phosphate and nitrite concentrations decreased everywhere. A significant shallowing trend of the Secchi depth was mostly observed during the light-limiting season (January–March).

Discussion
Correlation analyses suggested the importance of horizontal advective transport, particularly from Tokyo Bay, which has cold and less saline eutrophic water. However, long-term shallowing of the Secchi depth was associated with warming, and changes in salinity were not significant in most months when the Secchi depth trend was significant. Thus, horizontal advection is not the primary cause of long-term eutrophication. Because the eutrophication trend was primarily observed in winter, when light is the major limiting factor of primary production, we concluded that warming provides a better photoenvironment for phytoplankton growth and induces eutrophication. As a decline in anthropogenic nutrient input after 1990s was reported in the investigated area, the long-term eutrophication trend was most likely caused due to global warming, which is another alarming impact resulting from human activities.
Exploring the Facts Regarding Colon Transit Study in Children
Authors: Namboothiri Smitha Parameswaran 
Published: July 2023

Aim: Constipation is a problem faced by many children around the world. There are different ways of diagnosis and management of this condition. The key to the right diagnosis is based on the series of investigation that differs with children. The subject of interest is often the amount of time it takes for a substance to move through the colon which is known as Colon Transit Time [CTT]. Colon transit study or radio-opaque marker [ROM] study otherwise known as pellet study is one of the first choices of treatment to identify the CTT. Describing the colon transit study based on the established findings is the aim of this study.
Methods: The MeSH terms used for literature retrieval were ‘marker studies in children’, ‘pellet study in children’, ‘colon transit study in children’. The retrieval was performed based on pubmed, EMBASE, Web of Science as well as official websites. The search found 31 studies published from 2002 to 2022, as being met the inclusion criteria.
Results: The existing studies have identified a systematic way of performing the colon transit studies in children in many different ways. The colon transit differs with the segment of the colon and the age group of children.
Conclusion: Although the colon transit study requires series of intervention and investigation, the exact way of performing the same depends on the policies and protocols adopted by the individual specialist health care setting.
SANEAMENTO RURAL: PESQUISA DE OPINIÃO E PROPOSIÇÃO DE TECNOLOGIAS PARA TRATAMENTO DE ESGOTO DOMÉSTICO E ANIMAL EM UMA PROPRIEDADE RURAL
Authors: Oliveira Silva Letícia , Cândido Xavier Vinicius , Gandra Lima de Moura Alana , Soares Garcia da Silva Rodrigo , Diniz dos Santos Carla Eloísa 
Published: July 2023

O Saneamento Básico no Brasil é um direito de todos, entretanto, nem toda a população tem acesso à água potável, coleta e tratamento adequado do esgoto sanitário, coleta e manejo de resíduos sólidos e infraestrutura de drenagem pluvial. No ambiente rural, a precariedade desses serviços é ainda mais evidente. Neste contexto, os sistemas descentralizados de tratamento de esgoto sanitário apresentam-se como alternativas viáveis para fomentar a melhoria do saneamento rural no Brasil. Nesse contexto, um dos objetivos deste trabalho foi realizar uma pesquisa de opinião com proprietários rurais do município de Luz – MG para mapear as condições de saneamento básico rural. Adicionalmente, foram dimensionados biodigestores e fossa séptica seguida de fossa verde para tratamento de efluentes animal e doméstico, respectivamente, de uma fazenda do município, atrelando o dimensionamento ao estudo da viabilidade energética dessas alternativas de tratamento. Na pesquisa de opinião, observou-se a necessidade de conscientização dos proprietários rurais acerca da implementação tratamento de esgoto adequado, da potabilidade da água consumida e do descarte correto dos resíduos sólidos. Para o estudo de caso da fazenda, três biodigestores (68 m³ cada) foram dimensionados para o tratamento do rejeito animal, com produção de 866,41 m³ de biogás/mês. Já para o tratamento do esgoto doméstico, dimensionou-se fossa séptica (volume útil de 1,4 m³) seguida de fossa verde (9,2 m³). Desta forma, a conscientização da população associada à apresentação de alternativas tecnológicas de saneamento é uma forma efetiva de melhorar o índice brasileiro de saneamento na área rural.
Examination of Staffing Shortages at US Nursing Homes During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Brazier Joan F. , Geng Fangli , Meehan Amy , White Elizabeth M. , McGarry Brian E. , Shield Renee R. , Grabowski David C. , Rahman Momotazur , Santostefano Christopher , Gadbois Emily A. 
Published: July 2023

ImportanceStaffing shortages have been widely reported in US nursing homes during the COVID-19 pandemic, but traditional quantitative research analyses have found mixed evidence of staffing shortfalls.ObjectiveTo examine whether nursing home administrator perspectives can provide context for conflicting aggregate staffing reports in US nursing homes during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn a qualitative study, convergent mixed-methods analysis integrating qualitative and quantitative data sets was used. Semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted between July 14, 2020, and December 16, 2021. Publicly available national Payroll Based Journal data were retrieved from January 1, 2020, to September 30, 2022, on 40 US nursing homes in 8 health care markets that varied by region and nursing home use patterns. Staffing and resident measures were derived from Payroll Based Journal data and compared with national trends for 15 436 US nursing homes. Nursing home administrators were recruited for interviews. Of the 40 administrators who consented to participate, 4 were lost to follow-up.ExposureFour repeated, semistructured qualitative interviews with participants were conducted. Interview questions focused on the changes noted during the COVID-19 pandemic in nursing homes.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThematic description of nursing home administrator compensatory strategies to provide context for quantitative analyses on nursing home staffing levels during the COVID-19 pandemic.ResultsA total of 156 interviews were completed with 40 nursing home administrators. Administrators reported experiencing staff shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic and using compensatory strategies, such as overtime, cross-training, staff-to-resident ratio adjustments, use of agency staff, and curtailing admissions, to maintain operations and comply with minimum staffing regulations. Payroll Based Journal data measures graphed from January 1, 2020, to September 30, 2022, supported administrator reports showing that study facilities had reductions in staff hours, increased use of agency staff, and decreased resident census. Findings were similar to national trends.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this qualitative, convergent mixed-methods study, nursing home administrators reported the major staffing strain they experienced at their facilities and the strategies they used to offset staffing shortages. Their experiences provide context to quantitative analyses on aggregate nursing home census data. The short-term compensatory measures administrators used to comply with regulations and maintain operations may be detrimental to the long-term stability of this workforce.
An MMP‐2 Responsive Nanotheranostic Probe Enabled Synergistic Therapy of Rheumatoid Arthritis and MR/CT Assessment of Therapeutic Response In Situ
Authors: Chen Xuan , Dai Deshen , Ma Junping , Yu Zipei , Zhao Junkai , Yi Changqing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study reports a facile and green synthesis of a new multifunctional nanotheranostic probe for the synergistic therapy of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and in situ assessment of therapeutic response. The probe is synthesized through a one‐step self‐assembly of two exquisitely designed peptide‐amphiphilic block copolymers (PEG‐DTIPA‐KGPLGVRK‐MTX and Pal‐GGGGHHHHD‐TCZ) under mild conditions, requiring minimal energy input. The resultant probe demonstrates excellent biocompatibility, water solubility, and colloidal stability. It exhibits a strong IL‐6R targeting ability toward inflamed joints, and releases drugs in an MMP‐2‐responsive manner. The co‐loading of methotrexate(MTX) and tocilizumab (TCZ) into the probe enables synergistic RA therapy with improved efficacy by simultaneously decreasing the activity of adenosine synthetase and interfering with the binding of IL‐6 to its receptor. In addition, the resultant probe exhibits a high r1 relaxation rate (7.00 mm−1 s−1) and X‐ray absorption capability (69.04 Hu mm−1), enabling sensitive MR and CT dual‐modal imaging for simultaneous evaluation of synovial thickness and bone erosion. Both in vitro experiments using lipopolysaccharide‐treated RAW264.7 cells and in vivo experiments using collagen‐induced arthritis mice demonstrate the probe's high effectiveness in synergistically inhibiting inflammation. This study provides new insights into RA theranostics, therapeutic monitoring, the design of multifunctional theranostic probes, and beyond.
A Combined Halogen‐ and Chalcogen‐Bonding Organocatalyst
Authors: Pal Dhananjoy , Steinke Tim , Vogel Lukas , Engelage Elric , Heinrich Sascha , Kutzinski Dana , Huber Stefan M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractApplications of both halogen and chalcogen bonding in organocatalysis are by now well established with various examples. However, the combination of both interactions within one catalyst is currently unknown. Herein, we describe the synthesis of such a mixed chalcogen‐ and halogen‐bond donor and present a first indication of its catalytic activity in a benchmark reaction.
Engineered Polymer Architectures for Thermo‐Responsive Desiccants in Dehumidification Applications
Authors: Meyer Paul W. , Cui Shuang , Zeng Yi , Aday Anastasia , Woods Jason 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHumidity control is relevant to many processes in buildings and manufacturing and is responsible for over 600 million tons of CO2 annually. As such, desiccants that can efficiently remove moisture from air can greatly reduce emissions. A new class of desiccant materials, thermo‐responsive desiccants, has been of increased interest in the literature. These materials are generally based on thermo‐responsive polymers and exhibit a temperature‐dependent isotherm, an attribute that is small in traditional desiccants. In this work, seven key parameters needed to create an effective thermo‐responsive polymer desiccant are identified using a combination of modeling and experimental data. It is found that more thermo‐responsiveness is not necessarily better for energy efficiency, and that an optimal, “medium” value is desired. Additionally, polymer composition and architecture play key roles in adjusting the seven key parameters. Finally, based on findings from both modeling and experimental work, guidelines on synthesizing future thermo‐responsive polymer desiccants are presented.
Organic Solvent Dispersible MXene Integrated Colloidal Quantum Dot Photovoltaics
Authors: You Hyung Ryul , Lee Seongeun , Lee Duck Hoon , Murali G. , Nissimagoudar Arun S. , Kim Younghoon , Park Seongmin , Lee Jihoon , Kim Seon Joon , Park Jin Young , Moon Byung Joon , Park Young Ho , Kim Soo‐Kwan , Yu Han Na , Kim Hae Jeong , Lee Wonjong , Ham Gayoung , Lee Hyeonji , Lee Seung‐Cheol , Cha Hyojung , Lim Jongchul , Gogotsi Yury , An Tae kyu , In Insik , Choi Jongmin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDespite recent advances in colloidal quantum dot (CQD) photovoltaics, several challenges persist and hinder further improvements. In particular, the Fermi level mismatch between the iodide‐treated photoactive and thiol‐treated hole‐transporting CQD layers creates an unfavorable energy band for hole collection. Furthermore, the numerous surface cracks in the thiol‐treated CQD layer facilitate direct contact between the photoactive CQD layer and the metal electrode, consequently leading to reduced device performance. To address these issues, a polycatechol functionalized MXene (PCA‐MXene) that can serve both as a dopant and an interlayer for CQD photovoltaics is developed. By achieving a uniformly dispersed mixture in a butylamine solvent, PCA‐MXene enables the effective combination of MXene and CQDs. This results in the modification of the work function of CQDs and the modulation of the energy band alignment, ultimately promoting enhanced hole extraction. Moreover, the PCA‐MXene employed as an interlayer effectively covers the surface cracks present in the thiol‐treated CQD layer. This coverage inhibits both metal electrode penetration and moisture intrusion into the device. Owing to these advantages, the CQD photovoltaics incorporating PCA‐MXene achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.6%, accompanied by enhanced thermal stability, in comparison to the reference device with a PCE of 12.8%.
Single‐Ion Conducting Polymer Electrolyte for Superior Sodium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Dong Xu , Liu Xu , Li Huihua , Passerini Stefano , Bresser Dominic 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSodium‐metal batteries (SMBs) are considered a potential alternative to high‐energy lithium‐metal batteries (LMBs). However, the high reactivity of metallic sodium towards common liquid organic electrolytes renders such battery technology particularly challenging. Herein, we propose a multi‐block single‐ion conducting polymer electrolyte (SIPE) doped with ethylene carbonate as suitable electrolyte system for SMBs. This novel SIPE provides a very high ionic conductivity (2.6 mS cm−1) and an electrochemical stability window of about 4.1 V at 40 °C, enabling stable sodium stripping and plating and excellent rate capability of Na||Na3V2(PO4)3 cells up to 2 C. Remarkably, such cells provide a capacity retention of about 85 % after 1,000 cycles at 0.2 C thanks to the very high Coulombic efficiency (99.9 %), resulting from an excellent interfacial stability towards sodium metal and the Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode.
Designing F/P Hybrid Polymer as Ultrastable Cationic Shielding Interphase for High‐Performance Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Han Shantao , Wu Baifei , Wang Huaijiao , Wen Peng , Zhang Lu , Lin Xinrong , Chen Mao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDendrite growth on electrode‐electrolyte interphase has severely limited applications of lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Here, we developed an ionic alternating polymer with fluorocarbons and phosphonium cations in repeating units to regulate Li deposition for the first time. The combined functionalities in the F/P hybrid polymer exhibit remarkable characteristics as a protective layer on top of Li anode, demonstrating outstanding electrochemical stability, ion flux redistributing capability and adaptive chain mobility. Based on characterizations and simulations, this cationic interlayer could effectively furnish long‐standing electrostatic shielding for anodes, allowing restrained coating decomposition and homogenized electric field distribution to induce dendrite‐free Li deposition, and enabling full cells with enhanced rate and long‐term cycling performance. Given the importance of LMBs, this work will promote polymer design to stabilize anodes with superior electrochemical behavior.
One‐Step Manufacturing of Supramolecular Liquid‐Crystal Elastomers by Stress‐Induced Alignment and Hydrogen Bond Exchange
Authors: Fan Yuexin , Liu Tuan , Li Yuzhan , Miao Xuepei , Chen Baihang , Ding Jian , Dong Zhixiang , Rios Orlando , Bao Bingkun , Lin Qiuning , Zhu Linyong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLiquid‐crystal elastomers (LCEs) capable of performing large and reversible deformation in response to an external stimulus are an important class of soft actuators. However, their manufacturing process typically involves a multistep approach that requires harsh conditions. For the very first time, LCEs with customized geometries that can be manufactured by a rapid one‐step approach at room temperature are developed. The LCEs are hydrogen bond (H‐bond) crosslinked main chain polymers comprising flexible short side chains. Applying a stretching/shear force to the LCE can simultaneously induce mesogen alignment and H‐bond exchange, allowing for the formation of well‐aligned LCE networks stabilized by H‐bonds. Based on this working principle, soft actuators in fibers and 2D/3D objects can be manufactured by mechanical stretching or melt extrusion within a short time (e.g. <1 min). These actuators can perform reversible macroscopic motions with large, controlled deformations up to 38 %. The dynamic nature of H‐bonds also provides the actuators with reprocessability and reprogrammability. Thus, this work opens the way for the one‐step and custom manufacturing of soft actuators.
Inter‐Vesicle Signal Transduction Using a Photo‐Responsive Zinc Ionophore
Authors: Gartland Shaun A. , Johnson Toby G. , Walkley Euan , Langton Matthew J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTransmission of chemical information between cells and across lipid bilayer membranes is of profound significance in many biological processes. The design of synthetic signalling systems is a critical step towards preparing artificial cells with collective behaviour. Here, we report the first example of a synthetic inter‐vesicle signalling system, in which diffusible chemical signals trigger transmembrane ion transport in a manner reminiscent of signalling pathways in biology. The system is derived from novel ortho‐nitrobenzyl and BODIPY photo‐caged ZnII transporters, in which cation transport is triggered by photo‐decaging with UV or red light, respectively. This decaging reaction can be used to trigger the release of the cationophores from a small population of sender vesicles. This in turn triggers the transport of ions across the membrane of a larger population of receiver vesicles, but not across the sender vesicle membrane, leading to overall inter‐vesicle signal transduction and amplification.
Folic acid electrocatalytic oxidation on the carbon electrode surface modified with ferrocenyl grafted polymethylhydrosiloxane
Authors: Rahimpour Shabnam , Zarenezhad Hassan , Teimuri‐Mofrad Reza 
Published: July 2023

In this research, we synthesized ferrocenyl‐grafted polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) through a hydrosilylation reaction between 3‐butenylferrocene and PMHS. The incorporation of the ferrocenyl derivative into the polymer backbone imparted electrochemical properties to the modified polymer. The modification of the polymer was confirmed by various techniques, including FT‐IR, 1H NMR, and UV–Vis spectroscopy. To prepare the new ferrocenyl polymer, we utilized cross‐linking agents, namely terephthaldehyde (TPA) and fresh egg white (FEW). The resulting polymer was drop‐coated onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface (5 μL). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis confirmed the successful immobilization of the polymer on the GCE surface. Under physiological pH conditions (pH = 7), the Fc/Fc + couple facilitated the oxidation of folic acid (FA) at a potential of 0.40 V vs. the Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The GC/PMHS‐Fc/(TPA + FEW) electrode exhibited excellent stability, retaining 89% and 90% of its electrocatalytic activity after 500 cycles and 30 days of storage in a refrigerator, respectively. Thus, it shows promising potential for the determination of FA in biological fluids. The ferrocene‐modified electroactive polymer demonstrated satisfactory linear ranges for FA determination (5–150 μM) and a low limit of detection (LOD = 36 nM). These results highlight the effectiveness of the new polymer in detecting FA in biological samples.
Diet of hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) in the Gulf of California, Mexico
Authors: Reynolds Kara S. , Kurle Carolyn M. , Croll Donald A. , Steller Diana L. , Szuta Dorota , Miller Scott D. , Martínez‐Estévez Lourdes 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Hawksbill turtles (n = 56) in a foraging ground around Isla San Jose, Gulf of California, Mexico, were caught, measured, and their skin and scutes sampled. Tissue samples from putative prey species were collected from observed hawksbill feeding areas in the foraging ground.
Measurements of each turtle's straight carapace length were used to estimate the average life stage of the population. Tissue samples were processed for stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis to estimate foraging habits of turtles in this location.
The majority (96.4%) of measured individuals' straight carapace length fell in the size range considered to be juveniles.
A Bayesian mixing model analysis of the δ13C and δ15N values of hawksbill skin and potential prey indicated that hawksbills consume primarily invertebrates and algae, with lesser contributions from seagrass and mangrove material.
There was a positive linear relationship between turtle size and the δ13C values from scute samples, and an increase in the δ13C values of five individuals recaptured in subsequent years suggested a potential location shift from a pelagic habitat in the turtles' post‐hatching, earliest juvenile years to the nearshore foraging area around Isla San Jose in their later juvenile years.