bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strangulated diverticulum: a new acute complication of small bowel diverticulosis
Authors: Pajtak Renata , Ramadan Abdullah , Strauss Paul 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Complicated jejunal diverticulosis is a difficult entity to diagnose, which can cause significant morbidity and mortality. We present the case of an 88-year-old female who presented with a unique complication of small bowel diverticulosis progressing to a strangulated diverticulum requiring emergency surgery. We present the case of an 88-year-old female who presented with abdominal pain associated with a new mass on a background of perforated diverticulitis and previous laparoscopic abdominal surgeries for division of adhesions. Due to high suspicion for the mass containing necrotic bowel, the patient was taken directly to theatre for an exploratory laparotomy and was found to have ischaemic small bowel secondary to a strangulated jejunal diverticulum. When evaluating the acute abdomen consideration should be given to the diagnosis of a strangulated jejunal diverticulum causing ischaemic small bowel, with a view to expedite to emergency surgery as the primary treatment.
Mechanical indications for inflatable penile prosthesis revision: analysis and implications for revision surgery
Authors: Smelser Ashton M , VanDyke Maia E , Nealon Samantha W , Badkhshan Shervin , Langford Brian T , Peedikayil Josh , El-Eishy Al-Frooq , Monaghan Thomas F , Sanders Sarah C , Franzen Bryce P , Morey Allen F 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Despite technical advancements, inflatable penile prostheses (IPPs) are inherently at risk of mechanical failure given their nature as hydraulic devices.

Aim
To characterize IPP component failure location at the time of device revision and stratify by manufacturer: American Medical Systems (Boston Scientific [BSCI]) and Coloplast (CP).

Methods
A retrospective review of penile prosthesis cases from July 2007 to May 2022 was conducted, identifying men who underwent revision surgery. Cases were excluded if documentation did not denote the cause of failure or the manufacturer. Mechanical indications for surgery were categorized by location (eg, tubing, cylinder, or reservoir leak; pump malfunction). Nonmechanical revisions were excluded (component herniation, erosion, or crossover). Categorical variables were assessed with Fisher exact or chi-square analysis; Student t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for continuous variables.

Outcomes
Primary outcomes included specific location of IPP mechanical failure among BSCI and CP devices and time to mechanical failure.

Results
We identified 276 revision procedures, 68 of which met inclusion criteria (46 BSCI and 22 CP). Revised CP devices were longer than BSCI devices (median cylinder length, 20 vs 18 cm; P &lt; .001). Log-rank analysis revealed a similar time to mechanical failure between brands (P = .096). CP devices failed most often due to tubing fracture (19/22, 83%). BSCI devices had no predominant site of failure. Between manufacturers, tubing failure was more common in CP devices (19/22 vs 15/46 for BSCI, P &lt; .001), while cylinder failure was more common among BSCI devices (10/46 vs 0/22 for CP, P = .026).

Clinical Implications
The distribution of mechanical failure is significantly different between BSCI and CP devices; this has implications regarding the approach to revision surgery.

Strengths and Limitations
This is the first study to directly compare when and where mechanical failure occurs in IPPs and to compare the 2 main manufacturers head-to-head. This study would be strengthened by being repeated in a multi-institutional fashion to provide more robust and objective evaluation.

Conclusion
CP devices commonly failed at the tubing and rarely elsewhere, while BSCI devices showed no predominant failure site; these findings may inform decision making regarding revision surgery.
An Analytic Equation for Assessing the Thickness of Titanium Nitride Coatings by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy in the Scanning Electron Microscope
Authors: Cruz Juan Pablo Nicolás , Garzón Carlos Mario , Recco Abel André C 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this study, a methodology for assessing the thickness of titanium nitride (TiN) coatings by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) in the scanning electron microscope is explored. A standardless method is applied, where the film thickness (th) is related to the microscope accelerating voltage (V0), the type of substrate and the ratio between the more intense peaks in the EDS spectrum, arising from both the substrate and the coating (afterwards called the I-ratio, IR). Three different substrates covered with TiN were studied, namely, silicon, glass, and stainless steel. Monte Carlo simulations enabled to state an analytic equation, which allows assessing the coating thickness as follows:th=thcr⋅exp[−βIR1/n]where IR = Iksubstrate/Ikcoating, thcr (critical thickness) is the largest coating thickness, which is assessable at a fixed V0, β is a multiplication factor, and n is an exponent, where thcr, β and n are assessable from V0 and substrate type. Interpolation via the equation presented, using reference thicknesses, allowed thickness predictions with around 80% of datapoints differing less than around 2% from the reference value. A procedure for detecting variations as low as 1.0% in coating thickness regarding the nominal thickness is presented.
The Metallic Sounds: A Microanalytical Study on the Production of Armenian Church Bells from Iran
Authors: Oudbashi Omid , Khoobroo Zeinab , Khachatour Zoya 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThere are a considerable number of church bells in museums, examples include the museum of the Vank Cathedral and the Treasury of Armenian Music in New Julfa, both located in Isfahan, Iran. These objects were collected from different Armenian churches and cathedrals in Iran and were dated to ca. 400–100 years ago. Due to the long history of Armenians in Iran and their important role in its cultural and architectural development, study of the production technologies they utilized is a subject of interest for art historians and scientists. Three metallic bells from the Treasury of Armenian Music in New Julfa were selected for a multianalytical study to investigate their manufacturing methods, using micro-XRF, scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), and metallography techniques. The results showed that the bells were produced with a binary tin bronze alloy with 13 to 20 wt% of tin, classified as either low-tin or high-tin bronze, depending on the concentration. The analysis showed a two-phase cast microstructure consisting of the α solid solution with significant amounts of interdendritic α + δ eutectoid. The results also indicate that the bells are cast first, but some evidence of complementary thermomechanical operations is visible in their microstructure.
Senior Aviator Medical Qualification Status
Authors: Wallace Scott A 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Aviation personnel are expensive to train and challenging for the services to retain because of lucrative opportunities in the civilian aviation sector and a desire among pilots for agency. The military services’ retention efforts have typically utilized a combination of high continuation pays and longer service commitments of up to 10 years following initial training. One area that the services have overlooked in their attempts to retain senior aviators is quantifying and reducing medical disqualifications. Much as aging aircraft require increasing maintenance to retain full operational capability, so may pilots and other aircrew members.

Materials and Methods
This article reports on a prospectively collected cross-sectional research study evaluating the medical status of senior aviation personnel who reported being considered or selected for command. The study was deemed exempt from human subjects research by the Institutional Review Board and a waiver of Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act was granted. The study, which collected data at the Pentagon Flight Medical Clinic over 1 year, used a chart review of routine medical encounters and flight physicals to collect descriptive data. The goals of the study were to establish the prevalence of medically disqualifying conditions, assess the association between disqualifying conditions and age, and generate hypotheses for further research. Logistic regression of waiver need was performed for variables including prior waivers, waiver count, service, platform, age, and gender. ANOVA of readiness percentages vs. DoD targets were assessed between the services individually and in aggregate.

Results
The study demonstrated medical readiness rates among command-eligible senior aviators ranging from 74% for the Air Force to 40% for the Army with the Navy and Marine Corps in the middle. The sample was insufficiently powered to demonstrate differences in readiness between the services; however, the population as a whole was significantly below the DoD’s readiness target of &gt;90% (P = .000).

Conclusions
None of the services met the DoD minimum readiness target of 90%. Markedly higher readiness was observed in the Air Force, the only service with a medical screening incorporated into its command selection process, but this difference was not statistically significant. Waivers increased with age and musculoskeletal concerns were common. A larger prospective cohort study should be considered to further elucidate and confirm the findings of this study. If further research confirms these findings, consideration should be made of screening command applicants for medical readiness.
Three approaches for the classification of protoneutron star oscillation modes
Authors: Rodriguez M C , Ranea-Sandoval Ignacio F , Chirenti C , Radice D 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
The future detection of gravitational waves (GWs) from a Galactic core-collapse supernova will provide information on the physics inside protoneutron stars (PNS). In this work, we apply three different classification methods for the PNS non-radial oscillation modes: Cowling classification, Generalized Cowling Nomenclature (GCN), and a classification based on modal properties (CBMP). Using PNS models from 3D simulations of core-collapse supernovae, we find that in the early stages of the PNS evolution, typically 0.4 s after the bounce, the Cowling classification is inconsistent, but the GCN and the CBMP provide complementary information that helps to understand the evolution of the modes. In the GCN, we note several avoided crossings as the mode frequencies evolve at early times, while the CBMP tracks the modes across the avoided crossings. We verify that the strongest emission of GWs by the PNS corresponds to the f mode in the GCN, indicating that the mode trapping region alternates between the core and the envelope at each avoided crossing. At later times, approximately 0.4 s after the bounce, the three classification methods present a similar description of the mode spectrum. We use our results to test universal relations for the PNS modes according to their classification and find that the behaviour of the universal relations for f and p modes is remarkably simple in the CBMP.
Interplanetary scintillation and pulsar pulse statistics
Authors: Tyul’bashev S A , Chashei I V , Kitaeva M A 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
The effect of interplanetary plasma on pulsed pulsar radiation passing through is considered. The pulses of two rotating radio transients (J0609+16 and J1132+25) and a pulsar (B0320+39) detected on the Large Phased Array (Pushchino observatory) were analysed. It is shown that in observations at the frequency of 111 MHz, on elongations of 20°–40°, both an increase and a decrease in the number of received pulses are observed. The change in the number of pulses is explained by the distortion of the energy distribution of pulses due to interplanetary scintillation. These changes in the number of observed pulses are in qualitative agreement with the expected dependence of the scintillation index on the observed sources elongation. Analytical expressions are obtained that allow estimating the effective modulation index from observations of individual pulses for the power distribution of pulses by energy.
Capromys pilorides (Rodentia: Echimyidae)
Authors: Caballero Silva Hansel , Mancina Carlos A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Capromys pilorides (Say, 1822), Desmarest’s hutia, is one of the world’s largest rodents; body mass of adults typically exceeds 3 kg. It occurs only on Cuba, although fossil remains from the late Quaternary Period have been found on the Cayman Islands. Capromys pilorides is widely distributed throughout the Cuban archipelago where it occurs at elevations from sea level to 1,200 m. Capromys pilorides can be terrestrial or arboreal depending on habitat and has a generalist phytophagous diet. It forms social groups and has a polygynous mating system. The conservation status of Capromys pilorides was most recently assessed in 2008, and it is currently listed as “Least Concern” (LC) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Red List of Threatened Species.
A single-cell map of antisense oligonucleotide activity in the brain
Authors: Mortberg Meredith A , Gentile Juliana E , Nadaf Naeem M , Vanderburg Charles , Simmons Sean , Dubinsky Dan , Slamin Adam , Maldonado Salome , Petersen Caroline L , Jones Nichole , Kordasiewicz Holly B , Zhao Hien T , Vallabh Sonia M , Minikel Eric Vallabh 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) dosed into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) distribute broadly throughout the central nervous system (CNS). By modulating RNA, they hold the promise of targeting root molecular causes of disease and hold potential to treat myriad CNS disorders. Realization of this potential requires that ASOs must be active in the disease-relevant cells, and ideally, that monitorable biomarkers also reflect ASO activity in these cells. The biodistribution and activity of such centrally delivered ASOs have been deeply characterized in rodent and non-human primate (NHP) models, but usually only in bulk tissue, limiting our understanding of the distribution of ASO activity across individual cells and across diverse CNS cell types. Moreover, in human clinical trials, target engagement is usually monitorable only in a single compartment, CSF. We sought a deeper understanding of how individual cells and cell types contribute to bulk tissue signal in the CNS, and how these are linked to CSF biomarker outcomes. We employed single nucleus transcriptomics on tissue from mice treated with RNase H1 ASOs against Prnp and Malat1 and NHPs treated with an ASO against PRNP. Pharmacologic activity was observed in every cell type, though sometimes with substantial differences in magnitude. Single cell RNA count distributions implied target RNA suppression in every single sequenced cell, rather than intense knockdown in only some cells. Duration of action up to 12 weeks post-dose differed across cell types, being shorter in microglia than in neurons. Suppression in neurons was generally similar to, or more robust than, the bulk tissue. In macaques, PrP in CSF was lowered 40% in conjunction with PRNP knockdown across all cell types including neurons, arguing that a CSF biomarker readout is likely to reflect ASO pharmacodynamic effect in disease-relevant cells in a neuronal disorder. Our results provide a reference dataset for ASO activity distribution in the CNS and establish single nucleus sequencing as a method for evaluating cell type specificity of oligonucleotide therapeutics and other modalities.
Microbial sensing in the intestine
Authors: Wan Tingting , Wang Yalong , He Kaixin , Zhu Shu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a key role in host health and disease, particularly through their interactions with the immune system. Intestinal homeostasis is dependent on the symbiotic relationships between the host and the diverse gut microbiota, which is influenced by the highly co-evolved immune–microbiota interactions. The first step of the interaction between the host and the gut microbiota is the sensing of the gut microbes by the host immune system. In this review, we describe the cells of the host immune system and the proteins that sense the components and metabolites of the gut microbes. We further highlight the essential roles of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and the nuclear receptors expressed in the intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and the intestine-resident immune cells. We also discuss the mechanisms by which the disruption of microbial sensing because of genetic or environmental factors causes human diseases such as the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Exploration of Somatosensory Function of Patients With Acute Nonspecific Neck Pain, Through Quantitative Sensory Testing and Self-reported Symptoms
Authors: Bontinck Jente , Chys Marjolein , Coppieters Iris , Meeus Mira , Cagnie Barbara 
Published: May 2023

Objectives:Adaptations in somatosensory function characterize several chronic pain conditions, including nonspecific neck pain (NNP). Early signs of central sensitization (CS) contribute to pain chronification and poor treatment responses after conditions such as whiplash injury and low back pain. Despite this well-established association, the prevalence of CS in patients with acute NNP, and accordingly, the potential impact of this association, is still unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether changes in somatosensory function occur during the acute phase of NNP.Methods:This cross-sectional study compared 35 patients with acute NNP with 27 pain-free individuals. All participants completed standardized questionnaires and an extensive multimodal Quantitative Sensory Testing protocol. A secondary comparison was made with 60 patients, with chronic whiplash-associated disorders, a population wherein CS is well-established.Results:Compared with pain-free individuals, pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) in remote areas and thermal detection and pain thresholds were unaltered. However, patients with acute NNP showed lower cervical PPTs and conditioned pain modulation, higher temporal summation, Central Sensitization Index scores, and pain intensity. Compared with the group with chronic whiplash-associated disorders, PPTs did not differ at any location, yet the Central Sensitization Index scores were lower.Discussion:Changes in somatosensory function occur already in acute NNP. Local mechanical hyperalgesia demonstrated peripheral sensitization, while enhanced pain facilitation, impaired conditioned pain modulation, and self-reported symptoms of CS suggest adaptations in pain processing already early in the stage of NNP.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Chronic Postsurgical Pain after Cardiac Surgery: A Single-center Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Xiao Maggie Z. X. , Khan James S. , Dana Elad , Rao Vivek , Djaiani George , Richebé Philippe , Katz Joel , Wong Dorothy , Clarke Hance 
Published: May 2023

Background
Chronic postsurgical pain is a common complication of surgery. The role of psychologic risk factors like depression and anxiety is substantially understudied in cardiac surgery. This study sought to identify perioperative factors associated with chronic pain at 3, 6, and 12 months after cardiac surgery. The authors hypothesize that baseline psychologic vulnerabilities have a negative influence on chronic postsurgical pain.

Methods
The authors prospectively collected demographic, psychologic, and perioperative factors in a cohort of 1,059 patients undergoing cardiac surgery at the Toronto General Hospital between 2012 and 2020. Patients were followed and completed chronic pain questionnaires at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery.

Results
The study included 767 patients who completed at least one follow-up questionnaire. The incidence of postsurgical pain (more than 0 out of 10) at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery was 191 of 663 (29%), 118 of 625 (19%), and 89 of 605 (15%), respectively. Notably, among patients reporting any pain, the incidence of pain compatible with a neuropathic phenotype increased from 56 of 166 (34%) at 3 months to 38 of 97 (39%) at 6 months and 43 of 67 (64%) at 12 months. Factors associated with postsurgical pain scores at 3 months include female sex, pre-existing chronic pain, previous cardiac surgery, preoperative depression, baseline pain catastrophizing scores, and moderate-to-severe acute pain (4 or more out of 10) within 5 postoperative days.

Conclusions
Nearly one in three patients undergoing cardiac surgery reported pain at 3 months of follow-up, with approximately 15% reporting persistent pain at 1 yr. Female sex, pre-existing chronic pain, and baseline depression were associated with postsurgical pain scores across all three time periods.

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Examining regulatory focus in the acceleration and deceleration of engagement and exhaustion cycles among nurses
Authors: Paustian-Underdahl Samantha C. , Halbesleben Jonathon R. B. , Carlson Dawn S. , Hamadi Hanadi Y. 
Published: May 2023

Background
Given that emotional exhaustion and nurse engagement have significant implications for nurse well-being and organizational performance, determining how to increase nurse engagement while reducing nurse exhaustion is of value.

Purpose
Resource loss and gain cycles, as theorized in conservation of resources theory, are examined using the experience of emotional exhaustion to evaluate loss cycles and work engagement to evaluate gain cycles. Furthermore, we integrate conservation of resources theory with regulatory focus theory to examine how the ways in which individuals approach work goals serves as a facilitator to the acceleration and deceleration of both of these cycles.

Methodology/Approach
Using data from nurses working in a hospital in the Midwest United States at six time points spanning over 2 years, we demonstrate the accumulation effects of the cycles over time using latent change score modeling.

Results
We found that prevention focus was associated with the accelerated accumulation effects of emotional exhaustion and that promotion focus was associated with the accelerated accumulation effects of work engagement. Furthermore, prevention focus attenuated the acceleration of engagement, but promotion did not influence the acceleration of exhaustion.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that individual factors such as regulatory focus are key to helping nurses to better control their resource gain and loss cycles.

Practice Implications
We provide implications for nurse managers and health care administrators to help encourage promotion focus and suppress prevention focus in the workplace.