bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable construction material: Ultra-high performance fibre reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) for railway bridges in Malaysia
Authors: Meor Hussein M M H , Osman M H , Abd Rahman R 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
UHPFRC is a new concrete technology being used in many countries including Malaysia. UHPFRC favourable material properties open up new potential for precast options in bridge construction and have been widely used as beams for highway bridges in Malaysia. Nevertheless, PRC beams were preferred despite heavy in weight and large sections although these properties affect the design of the bridge substructure as well the cost of construction. This research is to review the applicability of Grade 140/155 UHPFRC beam for railway bridges in Malaysia. Laboratory tests for mechanical properties of UHPFRC were conducted and results were verified and complied with the French Standard, NF P18-470: 2016. The characteristic cylinder and cube compressive strengths were 151 and 155 MPa while the tensile limit of elasticity, post-cracking tensile strengths and modulus of rupture were 7.8, 8.4 and 24.3 MPa respectively. Structural analysis and design as per NF P18-710: 2016 requirement was then performed for a 15 meter UHPFRC IB650 beam to justify its applicability against a Grade 40/50 PRC U-beam of an existing railway bridge in which the ultimate shear and moment capacities of both beams were compared. The ultimate shear and moment capacities of the 4 numbers of U-beams/deck were 4,092 kN and 13,324 kNm respectively and when compared to UHPFRC IB650 beam, six numbers/deck were required with ultimate shear and moment capacities of 4,836 kN and 14,574 kNm respectively. For durability, the modulus of elasticity and depth of water penetration for UHPFRC were 50.8 GPa and 2mm respectively compared to 34 GPa and 11mm for Grade 40/50 concrete.
Properties of cement bricks containing sago fine waste (SFW) with different water-cement ratio
Authors: Norhayati A W , Suraya Hani A , Abdul Hadi Izaan I , Mazizah Ezdiani M , Mohamad Hairi O , Zalipah J , Noor Azlina A H , Shahiron S 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Cement is a key material in the construction industry. However, this widespread use adversely affects the environment. The replacement of cement with waste materials, mainly agricultural wastes, can reduce the impact of environmental pollution and result in sustainable construction. Sago fine waste (SFW) is a fibrous residue from waste from sago milling operations where physical treatment has been made. This study used SFW as a partial cement replacement material in cement brick and the effect of adding SFW to cement brick properties. Brick samples are designed with five different percentages of 2,4,6,8, and 10% of cement replacement, including control cement brick. The mortar mix is based on a ratio of 1:3, which follows Malaysian brick production standards. For compressive strength, density, and water absorption tests, all the specimens were cured for 7 and 28 days. The strength of cement bricks was investigated based on the difference of two water-cement ratios: 0.5 and 0.6. The brick properties investigated in this study are density, water absorption and compressive strength. The experimental results show that the brick’s density, compressive strength, and water absorption decreased as the replacement percentage increased. However, it still meets the requirements of the standard for load-bearing structures. Analysis of this study is according to extensive data collection, the ideal composition for SFW in cement brick was 2% and 0.6 water-cement ratios. This demonstrates SFW’s promise as a novel pozzolanic material for producing more sustainable bricks. As a result, SFW as a cement replacement material could improve bricks’ physical and mechanical properties as curing time increases.
Tensile properties of slag-based engineered cementitious composites with ground granulated blast-furnace slag
Authors: Ismail Y , Lee S W , Oh C L , Md Zain M R , Yahya N A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
During the last decade, concrete technology has been undergoing rapid development, resulting in a new concept of engineered cementitious composite (ECC) to overcome the brittle behaviour of cement-based materials. ECC is one movement to fully incorporate waste material as an innovation in green material due to excellent toughness and energy absorption capacity, self-healing ability, fire performance, and remain durable under erosion environment. ECC exhibits a strain-hardening behaviour through the formation of micro cracking. This study is focusing on the tensile behaviour of the slag-based ECC. A total of five ECC mixes were designed with different cement to ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) ratio. Five samples of dog bone and three cylindrical for each mixture were prepared for direct tensile and compression tests. Compared to control samples, there are increments in compressive strength for samples contained 50-60% of GGBS and reductions in compressive strength for samples contained 70-80% of GGBS. The tensile strengths of ECC increase in the rate proportionally to the content of GGBS in ECC mixtures. The failure modes of the ECC cylinder samples including crushing under compressive load and few micro cracks are observed in ECC dog bones.
The impact of implementing green elements on the toll roads of Indonesia
Authors: Rahmat  , Mairizal  , Majid Muhd Zaimi bin Abd , Ngian Shek Poi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Along with the increasing development of toll road construction in Indonesia, the impact of carbon emissions will also increase. In terms of increasing toll road development in Indonesia, several elements can affect the number of carbon emissions in Indonesia, including these elements during the operation of the toll road. Therefore, from some of these elements, a study is needed to determine the effectiveness of the application of green elements that can reduce carbon emissions and measure the application of green elements on toll roads in Indonesia. Referring to previous studies, toll roads will continue to be a contributor to carbon dioxide emissions, when the government wants to continue implementing toll road projects, including in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of implementing green elements in toll road development projects in Indonesia based on a literature review. This research uses literature study, data collection, and questionnaires which are analyzed using qualitative statistical analysis. The findings in this study are the green elements that have an impact on the implementation of toll road projects in Indonesia.
Strength and consolidation index parameters of stabilise clay soil using scrap rubber tyre
Authors: Nazaruddin A T , Shakri M S , Ladin M A , Hafez M A , Abd Rahman N F , Mohammad M 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Scrap rubber tyres are one of the synthetic fibre materials that can be used as a soil stabilizer. This study looks into the effects of scrap rubber tyres as a soil stabiliser on clay soil. Soil samples were collected in Kota Kinabalu, and the scrap rubber tyre was passed through a 2 mm passing sieve. Three experimental tests were carried out: compaction, consolidation, and an unconfined compression test (UCT). During the compaction test, the maximum dry density (MDD) and optimum moisture content (OMC) parameters were determined using the proctor standard penetration test. The shear strength of all soil samples was determined using UCT. The consolidation test also looks at the compressibility index and swelling index. Four soil sample configurations were prepared, one as a control sample and three with different soils mixed with varying percentages of scrap rubber tires: 1.5%, 2%, and 5%. This study investigates the degree of compaction, shear strength, settlement behaviour (compressibility), and swelling behaviour of scrap rubber tyres as a soil stabiliser. According to the findings, the optimal amount of scrap rubber tyres as a stabiliser that could improve the properties of clayey soil is 2%.
Unconfined compressive strength assessment of stabilized marine soil with cockle shell powder as sustainable material on subgrade pavement
Authors: Rahman M H K , Md Nujid M , Idrus J , Tholibon D A , Bawadi N F 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Sustainable infrastructure is one of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) introduced by the United Nation. By utilizing waste materials as recycled and reused materials in construction, it offers great benefits to people, the economy and the environment for sustainable infrastructure in geotechnical project development. The low strength of marine subgrade pavement soil can be improved by chemical stabilization from abundant natural waste near the coastal area. The use of seashells such as cockle shells in powder formed can be considered a potential sustainable natural waste additive in replacing lime and cement for stabilized marine soil. Yet, its potential performance in improving geotechnical properties has not extensively been investigated. Thus, the unconfined compressive strength of stabilized marine soil with cockle shell powder (CSP) was assessed experimentally. The treated soil specimens were mixed with 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% of CSP (by dry weight of the soil sample) and prepared in the cylindrical dimension of 38 mm in diameter and 76 mm in height prior to unconfined compression test based on the optimum moisture content (OMC) obtained from the compaction test. All experiments were carried out in accordance with British Standard. The results show that the CSP can improve the strength of stabilized soil. The highest strength is 636.785 kPa for soil mixed with 10% of CSP which 157% increase compared with untreated soil. Therefore, the results of the study have shown that the addition of CSP to marine soil has improved significantly the unconfined compressive strength in soil stabilization, especially for pavement such as highways, airport runways and parking areas.
The effect of street design on speed of vehicles along urban residential streets in Johor
Authors: Rahim Saidathul Ummah Abd , Daniel Basil David 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Street design plays an important role in controlling vehicular speed. This has a direct impact on enhancing the safety of road users and the quality of the environment for residents living adjacent to the streets. The increasing of road accidents every day is worrisome. The safety of other road users is adversely affected when drivers travel at high speeds. Speeding is also the cause of noise and air pollution, which may negatively impact community livability. The speed of the vehicle is influenced by the physical condition of the road such as uneven roads, sharp turns and narrow lanes. Thus, by tweaking the design of streets, it is possible to achieve speed reduction. The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of road geometry and parking on speed of a moving vehicles in urban residential areas. This study was conducted on local streets and collectors in Johor. The data obtained were vehicle speed, road characteristics (road length, road width, road gradient) and number of parked vehicles. Then, the data were analysed using One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to find the relationship between street design and vehicle speed. The result from the analysis shows that road characteristics such as traffic calming and road gradient can significantly influence vehicle speed.
Evaluation of Warm Mix Crumb Rubber Modified Asphalt Mixture (WCRMA) on resisting permanent deformation
Authors: Rasidin Nur Najwa , Buhari Rosnawati 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Crumb rubber (CR) is generated from the recycling of used or discarded car tires and has long been utilized in the paving industry. Crumb rubber can be used in asphalt mixes in two ways: dry process and wet process. However, compared to standard combinations, crumb rubber modified asphalt (CRMA) requires much higher mixing and compaction temperatures. As a potential substitute, using warm mix asphalt (WMA) technology significantly lower hot-mix asphalt (HMA) production and placement temperatures through viscosity reduction. In accordance, the objectives of the study are to produce warm mix crumb rubberized asphalt mixtures (WCRMA) using a dry process and to evaluate WCRMA’s performance in terms of rutting resistance. WCRMA is produced by adding 1, 3, and 5% Sasobit® of the total weight of the binder. The rutting performance of WCRMA was evaluated by Dynamic Creep test. The result showed that the asphalt mixes with the largest percentages of Sasobit® (5%) showed the lowest lowest accumulated strain and permanent deformation. The modified asphalt mixture performed better and had greater rutting resistance due to the replacement of fine aggregate with crumb rubber and the addition of Sasobit® compared to control sample.
Analysis on car driver’s speed at Federal Route FT050
Authors: Omar N , Omar R , Ismail I 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Johor is one of the states in Malaysia that records high accident statistics, especially on Federal Route FT050, Batu Pahat-Ayer Hitam. One of the elements causing an accident is the attitude of a driver who drives too fast and ignores the warning and speed limit signs. The study aimed to determine whether the warning signboard’s impact on driving speed at the before- and after-study locations. The GPS DG 200 was used to record the speed data of 50 trips at Batu Pahat to Ayer Hitam. Descriptive and inferential statistics (paired t-test) were used to determine whether or not a driver reduced their speed when approaching an accident-prone area. The results indicate that the warning sign is significant because drivers reduce their speed after passing a warning signboard.
Compressibility characteristics of collapsible gypseous soil: A review
Authors: Hassan Al-Riahi Saif M. , Pauzi Nur Irfah Mohd , Fattah Mohammed Y. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGypseous soil is located in dry and semi-arid areas in unsaturated conditions and this type of soil becomes a serious issue for engineering and geotechnical when it becomes wet. the properties and structure of this soil change, when exposed to soaking and leaching, because gypsum is dissolved in water causing a rupture in the bonds that hold soil particles together and a reduction in the suction power that holds them together. Large settlements and potential collapse will happen which cause problems for the constructions built on it. This paper gives an overview of some of the properties of gypseous soils and previous research on the behavior of this soil. It was found that the collapse potential of gypseous soil increases with increasing the gypsum content and void ratio, and collapse potential decreases when the initial water content and dry density increase.
Soil stabilisation for laying road foundations: Way forward with organic soil treatment
Authors: Chong Wei-An , Chan Chee-Ming , Sani Salina , Rahman Noor Khazanah A , Yahya Nur Faezah 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In Malaysia, the remediation of soils polluted by organic compounds is a challenging issue in environmental engineering. Improper treatment and conventional remove-and-replace approaches have low performance in terms of cost and sustainability. Hence, chemical stabilisation has been utilised worldwide to enhance the engineering properties of organic soils. This study focused on stabilising organic soil using cementitious-based chemicals blended with netted-polymeric fibre to improve its strength. This paper reviews the relevant past work as a basis for work in the pipeline. The study aims to determine the effectiveness of netted-polymeric fibre reinforcement on the shear strength characteristics of the stabilised organic sand. The fibre has tensile resistance that can be mobilised by normal pressures acting on fibre reinforcement soil. The best mixture of sand, clay, organic content and stabiliser for organic soil treatment will be identified as the way forward. The shear strength characteristics of the stabilised organic soil samples would then be evaluated parametrically using field application considerations.
Analysis of public facility (Petrol Pump Station) localization by using Geographic Information System (GIS). Case study: Ayer Hitam - Batu Pahat, Johor
Authors: Suhandri Hendy Fitrian , Nozlan Nur Farhana 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe number of vehicles on the road today is increasing due to rapid urbanisation, which necessitates increased fuel consumption. As a result, a Petrol Pump Station (PPS) is an important location that serves people in need of fuel. This study evaluates these PPS within the Batu Pahat District with the goals of determining the existence of PPS distribution along the main road from Ayer Hitam to Batu Pahat, Johor, with a focus on Jalan Batu Pahat and Jalan Kluang, using a map and digitising in GIS software. The study also aims to use the Network Analysis method to analyse the localization of the existence of PPS in the study area. The study used Quantum GIS (QGIS) as an open-source application. Field surveys were used to collect data for the study, and the coordination for each PPS was acquired using a handled Global Positioning System (GPS) device, as well as other information such as the type of company, the number of pumps, the type of fuel, and the access facility provided. Maps and tables were used to present the results. The study’s findings are then expected to aid authorities and the community in the study area in planning to locate and identify PPS based on their proximity to PPS.
The selection of PPP scheme using VfM analysis for Sekupang – Batam Centre Corridor
Authors: Purnomo D A , Upahita D P , Utomo D P , Waseso A B , Fiantika T , Sucipto  , Yulianta  , Sampetoding M M , Triyanto  , Ismoyo K , Ajidarmo  
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The study on public mass transportation in Batam City was started in 2010 by BP Batam. The study is still in a long polemic due to problems arise in technical and non-technical aspects, such as limited funding capacity of local government. Therefore, the government wants to involve private sectors in the development plan. This study aims to analyse the selection of Public Private Partnership (PPP) scheme using value for money (VfM) as one of the solutions for public transportation funding problems. The methodology used in this study is the benchmarking method from several scenarios with an emphasis on the point of view of economic and financial feasibility studies. Several scenarios of PPP Scheme with different concession period and investment proportion were analyzed based on its VfM policy. The result of the VfM analysis shows that the VfM value for actual condition is 1,139,946 (IDR Mill). The most significant factors that affect the value of VfM is the changes in the concession period. The concession period of 20 years gives the maximum VfM value. In all scenarios, there is no negative VfM value which indicates that this public project is better if it is carried out with the PPP scheme.
Sustainable navigation approach: Efficacy assessment of the constant radius turn technique in calculating wheel over point using a ship simulator
Authors: Kamis Amir Syawal , Fuad Ahmad Faizal Ahmad , Anwar Aimie Qamarina 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Changing a ship’s course while manoeuvring on a planned track is challenging as the ship may deviate from its intended course line, particularly when a late course alteration is made. Therefore, a wheel over point must be precisely established as an indicator to initiate course alteration. The study examines the Constant Radius Turn technique’s accuracy, where it is frequently used to calculate and determine the wheel over point. Even though mariners on board the ship have been widely using the technique, there is a lack of evidence in the scholarly literature to verify its effectiveness. In this study, simulations were carried out using a ship simulator to obtain the cross-track distance data for a ship’s manoeuvrability in various navigation regions consist of harbour and confined water, coastal navigation, and open water navigation. The results were then compared to the cross-track limits for each region, which led to the discovery that constant radius turn is an excellent method for identifying wheel over points in coastal and open water navigation, but it is not suitable for use in harbours and confined water areas.
Possibility of application of intelligent buildings (IBs) characteristics to improve the office buildings performance in Yemen
Authors: Al-awag Eman Ali , Wahab Izudinshah Abd , Al-waraki Fadl Mohammed , Abass Fatma 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
At the beginning of the eighties last century, there was a qualitative leap in the architecture field, which was the beginning of the emergence of intelligent buildings (IBs). These buildings expressed the pinnacle of scientific and technical progress that humanity had reached in architecture. IB has an integrated intelligent system that can recognize, make decisions, and respond to variables on its own, in addition to achieving sustainability. With these new concepts in the architecture field, in Yemen, buildings are still traditional in their performance, where individual systems are used. This paper aims to investigate the possibility of applying the characteristics of IBs to Yemeni buildings, especially office buildings, to enhance these buildings’ performance in order to improve the employees’ productivity. To achieve this goal, the study reviewed the characteristics of IBs, specifically the IB’s systems, and the reality of architecture and informatics in Yemen by analyzing one of the contemporary office buildings that own and use technological systems. The review showed a high possibility of achieving the features of IBs in Yemeni buildings in terms of applying intelligent systems. However, to make Yemeni buildings smarter in their performance, their digital infrastructure and the information and communication technology (ICT) in Yemen must be updated.
Strategies for enhancing the use of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in the construction industry
Authors: Rafindadi A D , Othman I , Shafiq N , Alarifi H , Wanees A A , Ibrahim A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
BIM implementation is still low in construction, especially in developing countries. The study aims to identify the most effective strategies to improve BIM implementation in the construction industry. A quantitative approach was a means of data collection. There were no statistically significant differences in respondents’ opinions about the process of enhancing BIM implementation based on educational qualification, age bracket, or the number of BIM projects handled. However, there was based on the participants’ specialization and years of working experience. Multiple linear regression was conducted to investigate whether the strategies to improve BIM implementation in the construction industry could significantly predict the level of BIM knowledge/awareness. The findings indicate that three independent variables significantly predict the level of BIM knowledge, F (5, 61) = 8.795, p < 0.001. However, government support and national standard have an insignificant impact on the dependent variable. Also, the R2
= 0.419 depicts that the model explains 41.9% of the variance in the level of BIM knowledge. The research results have implications for enhancing BIM implementation in AEC projects and may increase industry effectiveness.