bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The freedom narrative and the War on Terror: Civil‐religious idolatry for the 9/11 generation
Authors: O'Leary Ryan T. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe dominant narrative by which political and military leaders justified the American War on Terror held that America was attacked on 9/11 because America is “the brightest beacon of freedom and opportunity in the world.” Today, an entire generation has been raised in the shadow of 9/11 and steeped in a dualistic and militaristic understanding of American destiny. That view of America's role in Providence is centered on a totem cult of the sacrificial soldier and makes the flag a symbol of American greatness and of freedom itself. This essay examines the “freedom narrative” as a justification of the War on Terror, analyses the cult of the sacrificial soldier as a backstop for a militaristic religious nationalism, and ultimately shows how the dominant narrative legitimating the war represents an idolatrous devolution of a more prophetic and classically republican understanding of American civil religion.
Priming seeds with salicylic acid modulates membrane integrity, antioxidant defense, and gene expression in Medicago sativa grown under iron deficiency and salinity
Authors: Boukari Nadia , Jelali Nahida , Abdelly Chedly , Hannoufa Abdelali 
Published: September 2023

AbstractExposure of plants to adverse environmental conditions reduces their growth and productivity. Currently, seed priming with phytohormones is considered one of the most reliable and cost‐effective approaches that can help alleviate the toxic effects of environmental stress. In this context, the present study aims to investigate the effect of priming alfalfa seeds with salicylic acid (SA) on oxidative stress markers, including malonyldialdehyde, protein content, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and expression of genes encoding these enzymes in leaves and roots of alfalfa (Gabes ecotype) grown under saline stress, iron deficiency, or both. Our results showed that the application of salt stress and iron deficiency separately or simultaneously induces changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, but these are organ‐ and stress‐dependent. The Gabes ecotype was able to increase the activities of these enzymes under salt stress to alleviate oxidative damage. Indeed, priming seeds with 100 μM SA significantly increases the enzymatic activities of APX, GPX, CAT, and SOD. Therefore, this concentration can be considered optimal for the induction of iron deficiency tolerance. Our results showed not only that Gabes ecotype was able to tolerate salt stress by maintaining high expression of the Fe‐SOD isoform, but also that the pretreatment of seeds with 100 μM SA improved the tolerance of this ecotype to iron deficiency by stimulating Fe‐SOD expression and inhibiting CAT and APXc.
“A male feminist walks into a bar, because it was set so low: The pedestal effect and the economy of gratitude in feminist spaces”
Authors: Peretz Tal 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMen in feminist spaces often find themselves the recipients of disproportionate gratitude and attention—along with other persistent effects of male privilege that I have elsewhere termed the Pedestal Effect—despite this running counter to both prevailing feminist ideologies and the desires of the men themselves. Sociologist Arlie Hochschild described a similar economy of gratitude wherein low expectations led to heightened valuation of married men's household contributions, smuggling inequities from the wider society into the marriage and inhibiting progressive change even if both parties desired a more egalitarian partnership. By applying Hochschild's framework to interview data from 52 men and 12 women active in the field, I show that the same process explains the troubling continuance of male privilege in feminist spaces: while interviewees of all genders problematize the imbalanced economy of gratitude and many have attempted specific counterstrategies, it nonetheless persists in importing inequalities, undermining men's accountability, and inhibiting desired progressive change. This suggests that the economy of gratitude may be a ubiquitous interactional process that reproduces inequalities across a wide range of social contexts. I emphasize that the economy of gratitude is in fact intersectional, not only gendered, and introduce the idea of a “low bar” to more fully account for the broad range of social influences on expectation‐setting.
Analysing the impact of climate and social changes on small farms in the Italian Alps: The importance of the local scale
Authors: Whitaker Sarah H. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article discusses how climate changes are intersecting with other environmental and social pressures to affect farmers in the Lombardy region of the central Italian Alps. Alpine areas are particularly susceptible to climate change. Natural sciences studies have documented widespread changes to weather, landscapes, and ecosystems in the Alps caused by climate and social changes, yet studies of the impact of the changes on Alpine farmers and farming practices are limited. Through semi‐structured interviews and participant observation with 40 farmers, the study demonstrates that farmers have noticed changes to the weather, ecosystems, and landscapes caused by climate and social changes. The changes are both directly affecting farming practices and intersecting with other pressures facing mountain farmers. The impact of climate change on Alpine farms varies—across even short distances—depending on the microenvironment and microclimate of the farm, the farm's degree of market integration, the personal characteristics of individual farmers, the type of agricultural activities practised, and the unique social history of the valleys under study. The article provides a window into small‐scale farming in the Alps today. As farmers respond to climate changes, they do so in a context where they are also facing myriad other challenges, some more pressing than climate change. Climate policies and programs should recognise these simultaneous challenges and be flexible to local differences in the impact of and farmer responses to change.
Evaluation for endotoxin in intraocular materials used during phacoemulsification surgery using a recombinant factor C assay
Authors: Opgenorth Taylor A. , Opgenorth Eryn L. , Eaton J. Seth , Bentley Ellison 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveCataract surgery remains the sole method to resolve blindness secondary to cataract formation. One complication includes fibrin web formation post‐operatively. This study aimed to investigate the presence of endotoxin within materials used during cataract surgery as a possible cause of fibrin web phenomenon.MethodsPreservative‐free epinephrine, heparin, viscoelastic devices, and intraocular lenses were collected for evaluation. Various manufacturers and manufacturing lot numbers were used when available. Viscosity of viscoelastics was reduced by incubating samples with human recombinant hyaluronidase. Intraocular product (IOL) packaging fluid was collected and stored for testing. The IOLs were then washed with a sterile balanced salt solution, incubated at 37°C for 48 h, and then fluid was collected for testing to mimic intraocular placement. Samples were tested using a commercially available rFC kit. Fluorescence was measured at time zero and after 1 h using a fluorescence microplate reader. The change in fluorescence was corrected for blank fluorescence and plotted to a standard curve.ResultsEndotoxin levels were below the limit of detection (0.05 EU/mL) in all samples. Incubation of IOLs at intraocular temperature did not increase extraction of endotoxin.ConclusionEndotoxin was not identified in any tested sample, including those used in cases of fibrin web formation post‐phacoemulsification. As fibrin webs are often observed episodically, it is possible that endotoxin levels may vary between batches, or that endotoxin is not related to fibrin formation.
Wave Dynamics Around a Floating Circular Flexible Plate Over a Permeable Bed
Authors: Gayathri R. , Tsai Chia-Cheng , Behera Harekrushna 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this paper, to determine the efficacy of the porous bed on damping far-field wave energy, the wave dynamics around a circular plate is studied. By combining the appropriate boundary conditions, the unknown potential is attained for the free surface and the plate-covered region. The Bessel series solution is attained further, by employing the matched eigenfunction expansion technique. Wave force excitation on the circular plate, deflection of the plate, and flow distribution is calculated and examined to comprehend the efficacy of the current investigation. Moreover, the motion of the plate is assessed in the time domain. The study reveals a substantial reduction in wave amplitude on the plate’s leeward side because of the energy dissipation by the porous bed. Also the study concludes that for intermediate values of porosity with larger wavenumbers, approximately 50% of wave power is dissipated with respect to incident wave power.
Hyperelastic Modelling of Elastomers for Wave Energy Convertors
Authors: Idarraga Guillermo , Yang Liu , Abad Farhad , Huang Yang , Dai Saishuai , Xiao Qing , Lotfian Saeid , Brennan Feargal 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Flexible Wave Energy Converters (WECs) have gained considerable attention in recent years due to their ability to adapt to the dynamic conditions of the waves. To reach commercialization, further analyses should be done to guarantee survivability, and numerical models have been used to predict the structural response of WECs. However, the accuracy of any prediction will depend on the validity of the hyperelastic model employed and the reliability of the test data input into the chosen model. In this work, two elastomers are selected and characterised by plane stress, plane strain and biaxial stress conditions. Hyperelastic models are evaluated using ABAQUS, and hyperelastic constants are obtained for each elastomer. For the validation of the hyperelastic constants, experiments are conducted for one of the elastomers on the top of an oscillating water column (OWC) WEC. From the experiments, the deformation of the elastomeric membrane under wave conditions is obtained and compared with the results of a numerical model using the hyperelastic constants. From the results, the hyperelastic models describe well the deformation trend of the membrane on the top of the OWC, however further analysis should be done to improve the accuracy of the models.
Numerical Simulation on Gas–Liquid–Solid Three-Phase Flow by Gas-Lift Pumping System for Deep Sea Mining
Authors: Takano Satoru , Masanobu Sotaro 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Subsea minerals have been found in the deep water within Japan’s exclusive economic zone. However, the development of subsea minerals has not reached the commercialization stage because many technical issues still need to be solved.
The gas-lift pumping system is one of the promising methods for subsea minerals transport. Since internal flow in pipes becomes three-phase flow for the gas-lift pumping systems, flow assurance for three-phase flow is important to design the systems for subsea minerals production.
It is necessary to figure out the liquid and solid flow rates for principal dimensions of the assumed production systems for designing and operating them. Thus, we simulated gas-liquid two-phase and gas-liquid-solid three-phase flows on the gas-lift pumping systems based on one dimensional drift flux model with reference to the previous studies, and compared the calculated results with the experimental data obtained from the previous studies. The comparison showed that the calculated transient liquid flow rates were consistent with experimental data in gas-liquid two-phase flows for the pipe of 0.026 m in internal diameter. The comparison also showed that the calculated steady liquid flow rates were consistent with the experimental data in gas-liquid-solid three-phase flows for the pipes of 0.026 m and 0.3 m. Since calculated results were generally consistent with experimental data, we could simulate gas-liquid-solid three-phase flows by the present methods. Then, we simulated the three-phase flow for the assumed actual production systems and investigated the effect of the mass flow rate of gas and the water depth of gas injection on lifting efficiency. The lifting efficiency decreased as the mass flow rate of gas increased and increased as the gas injection point approached the sea surface.
How Loads Interact? A Numerical Investigation of Aluminum Stiffened Panels Under Bi-Axial and Lateral Loads
Authors: Wang Xintong , Amdahl Jørgen 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Due to low weight, aluminum alloys are commonly used to build ferries, working boats and high-speed ships. The hull of such vessels can be designed as catamaran and trimaran for favorable hydrodynamical behavior and operational purposes. Non-monohull structures are in certain areas more exposed to combined loads, such as the cross-deck subjected to the longitudinal and transverse hull bending, and water slamming. In these cases, the existing design rules predict the ultimate strength with simplified interactions between bi-axial and lateral loads. A further complicating effect is the reduced material strength and residual stresses in the heat affected zones (HAZ). Thus, it is still necessary to investigate the ultimate strength of aluminum stiffened panels subjected to combined loads and get a better understanding of the interaction mechanics, which again may lead to improved design rules.
Based on a previously developed numerical model, the structure response of an aluminum multi-span panel subjected to combined longitudinal, transverse, and lateral loads is simulated with the nonlinear finite element method. The welding effects are considered, including both geometrical and mechanical imperfections. By changing the combined load values, the interactions between bi-axial loads are examined. The influences of lateral pressure level on the structure response are also investigated. The failure process, ultimate strength, and stress components between different cases are compared.
Hydroelastic Analysis of Submersible Circular Seaweed Platform
Authors: Nguyen H. P. , Wang C. M. , Tullberg R. , Zhang X. , von Herzen B. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper presents hydroelastic analysis of a novel submersible circular platform for farming red seaweeds such as Gracilaria dura, Kappahycus alvarezii and Eucheuma. The platform comprises a circular HDPE collar, a system of mooring lines and buoys, and seaweed tube nets. The platform can be submerged during storms to avoid strong surface wave action by filling the collars’ compartments with water and be raised to the surface by injecting compressed air into the collars’ compartments to displace the water. The platform is modelled by using the software AquaSim, where the collar is modelled by using beam elements, and mooring lines are modelled as truss elements. The wave load acting on the platform is estimated by using the Morison equation. Hydroelastic responses of the platform in the floating and submerged modes are investigated. It is found that seaweed tube nets may increase mooring forces significantly and hence the drag forces due to the tube nets cannot be neglected. In addition, by submerging the seaweed platform to an appropriate depth, the deformation of the platform, the von Mises stress and mooring line forces can be reduced considerably as demonstrated herein. Future studies will focus on physical model tests to confirm these findings obtained from numerical simulations.
Dynamic Analysis of an Offshore Fish Farm Integrated With a Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Using Shared Mooring Line
Authors: Ma Yu , Li Lin , Ong Muk Chen , Jin Jingzhe , Su Biao 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Clean energy captured by offshore wind turbines have been widely used for supporting onshore activities. In the near future, facilities such as offshore wind turbines can also play an important role in energy transition of offshore activities. Offshore wind energy can be employed for electrifying the operations in offshore fish farms, which are traditionally supplied by diesel-engine barges/generators. Based on this motivation, this study focuses on a design of shared mooring system between a semi-submersible offshore fish cage and a spar-type floating wind turbine. A numerical model of the proposed shared-mooring system is implemented in a global response analysis software SIMA for performing fully coupled time domain simulations. The configuration of the shared mooring line is determined using an engineering approach which comprises Irvine’s formulation, system eigenvalue analysis and cost estimation. Moreover, relevant case studies by altering the environmental conditions are performed. Extreme operational conditions that may give large relative motions are investigated thoroughly. The dynamic performance of the integrated system is compared with that of individual structures. The global motion of the floating wind turbine and its mooring line’s tension behavior are obviously influenced by the existence of the shared line. In general, the present work investigates the feasibility of a shared-mooring system for these types of offshore structures and further gives insights about the engineering design procedure.
Viscous Fluid Injections in an Inclined Closed-End Pipe With Applications in the Dump Bailing Method
Authors: Akbari Soheil , Hassanzadeh Hossein , Taghavi Seyed Mohammad 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The final life stage of a hydrocarbon well is the plug and abandonment (P&A) which aims to prevent the leakage and migration of reservoir fluids towards the upper levels and atmosphere. The P&A operations consist of cement plug placement in the wellbores at the target area. As P&A operations costs constitute a significant proportion of the total decommissioning expenses, precise planning and execution are always required, since a failed P&A job often requires costly and complex remedial operations, and can potentially result in significant environmental costs and financial loss. To fulfill these requirements and reduce the failure risks, the cement plug placement should be run with minimum mixing with the wellbore fluid. The cement slurry is placed in the wellbore using several techniques, among which the dump bailing method is a common and rigless one. In this technique, a relatively small volume of cement slurry is injected into wellbore filled with another fluid held on a bridge plug to remove the in-place fluid. The cement slurry behaves as a high viscosity fluid while the in-place wellbore fluid is mostly water. Motivated by this technique, in this study, the high viscosity fluid injection into an inclined closed-end pipe (representative of well casing) filled with water is studied experimentally. The involved fluids are miscible with constant density difference. The effects of the aspect ratio on the dynamics of high viscosity fluid injection, the fluids mixing, and the quality of the placement flow are analyzed. The results show that the separation of the heavy fluid front from the bulk of the fluid may occur for the larger aspect ratios, while tilting the flow domain towards the vertical direction and increasing the velocity and viscosity of the heavy fluid induce the front separation. Also, for small aspect ratios, the average front velocity increases by the injection velocity while it remains constant approximately in larger aspect ratios. The outcomes of this study can be eventually employed for improving the cement plug placement in the dump bailing method during the P&A of the oil and gas wells.
Open Water Blade Strain Measurements on a Vertical-Axis Tidal Turbine
Authors: Bharath Aidan , Ross Hannah , Nichols Casey , Simms Andrew , Murphy Mark , Raye Robert , O’Byrne Patrick , Monahan Michael , Wosnik Martin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Open-water testing of marine renewable energy devices represents a significant milestone and hurdle for research teams and companies that seek to reduce the levelized cost of energy to allow these devices to compete in the open electrical generation market. For open-water testing of tidal energy converters (TECs), accurate measurements of loading characteristics on the blades and other structural components correlated with power performance metrics can be invaluable to further refine design principles and models, allowing continued improvement and cost reductions of new turbine designs. This paper will describe the modifications and additions made to a TEC system to achieve time-correlated blade strain measurements during full turbine operation along with a discussion on the overall impacts the required modifications had on the unmodified turbine.
Challenges of the Digital Transformation for Shipping: Human-Centered Design for Marine Navigation Systems
Authors: Soper Jonathan , Smith Jennifer , Browne Thomas , Veitch Brian 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The digital transformation of the marine industry presents opportunities and challenges for engineers, designers, and seafarers alike. These challenges are specifically acute in the context of the Arctic, where the presence of sea ice, severe metocean conditions, and limitations to modern charting and navigational aids present increased navigational challenges. Integration and further development of digital bridge tools can improve safety, but must take into account human factors concerns by drawing from literature and case studies where the human-machine interaction has broken down, leading to incidents. In this paper, the challenges of using digital bridge tools to support safe Arctic navigation are discussed as they relate to safe human-machine interaction. A case study of a passenger ship grounding in the Canadian Arctic is presented to demonstrate how failures in bridge equipment design and operation can contribute to accidents. This case study is discussed in relation to literature on human factors engineering and compared to other incidents where human factors was listed as a potential cause. These findings can be used to inform designers of marine navigation systems of the best practices to be aware of when implementing new technologies on the bridge of ships. Additionally, the implications of these findings on autonomous ship development and operation are discussed.
Friction Weakening Mechanism of Sandy Seabed Around a Suction Pile Under Ocean Wave Loading
Authors: Ma Jingyao , Jeng Dong-Sheng 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Although suction piles have been used for mooring different types of marine facilities, there is still a lack of knowledge on the mechanism of wave-induced soil response around suction piles, In particular, the performance of the interface friction between the wall of the suction bucket foundation and the surrounding soil under ocean wave loading. This study aims to numerically examine the accumulations of excess pore pressures around a suction pile and the weakening mechanism of the interface friction. Based on numerical examples, we found that the effective stresses can be reduced as the excess pore pressure being accumulated around the embedded anchor, which tends to diminish the interface friction between the wall of the suction bucket foundation and the surrounding soil. As a result, the vertical resistance of the suction bucket foundation is decreased. In addition, the pore pressure accumulates significantly on the outside of the suction pile with the larger wave height (H) and wave period (T), but the decreasing permeability (ks) and shear modulus (G) tend to have a weakening effect on the friction of the suction piles.