bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interpretable machine learning‐based approaches for understanding suicide risk and protective factors among South Korean females using survey and social media data
Authors: Kim Donghun , Quan Lihong , Seo Mihye , Kim Kihyun , Kim Jae‐Won , Zhu Yongjun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to identify and understand risk and protective factors for suicide among South Korean females by linking survey and social media data and using interpretable machine learning approaches.Materials and MethodsWe collected a wide range of potential factors including the material, psychosocial, and behavioral data from a detailed survey, which we then linked to data from social media. In addition, we adopted interpretable machine learning approaches to (1) predict the suicide risk, (2) explain the relative importance of factors and their interactions regarding suicide, and (3) understand individual differences affecting suicide risk.ResultsThe best‐performing machine learning model achieved an AUC of 0.737. Adverse childhood experiences, social connectedness, and mean positive sentiment score of social media posts were the three risk factors that had a monotonic or unimodal relationship with suicide, and satisfaction with life, narcissistic self‐presentation, and number of close friends on social media were the three protective factors that had a monotonic or unimodal relationship with suicide. We also found several meaningful interactions between specific psychiatric symptoms and narcissistic self‐presentation.ConclusionsOur findings can help governmental organizations to better assess female suicide risk in South Korea and develop more informed and customized suicide prevention strategies.
Event Segmentation and Causation: The Case of MandarinCausal‐ChainMotion*
Authors: Deng Yu , Li Fuyin Thomas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study investigates how Mandarin speakers segment causal‐chain motion events in a verbalization task. The results demonstrate that Mandarin shows attentional bias for the causal source and goal in causal‐chain segmentation, which may be universal across languages. Furthermore, there is a correlation between directness of causation and the complexity of linguistic representations, with direct conceptualization leading to a preference for simpler constructions (e.g. causative verb construction, resultative verb construction), and indirect causation for more complex representations (e.g. causative periphrases and multi‐macro‐event constructions). The most salient factor for directness of causation in causal‐chain segmentation is spatio‐temporal contiguity. The macro‐event property (MEP) is used to test the tightness of Mandarin causative constructions from a typological perspective. It is concluded that Mandarin demonstrates greater similarity with Ewe and Lao, but differs from Japanese and Yukatek regarding grammatical integration and event integration in causal‐chain segmentation.
Prevalence and specificity of red blood cell antibodies in patients transfused in tertiary hospitals in Burkina Faso
Authors: Sawadogo Salam , Nébié Koumpingnin , Traoré Catherine , Bonzi Yérémadé Juste , Boro Mariam , Yonli Dieudonné , Yaméogo Joseph , Ouédraogo Paul , Coulibaly Catherine , Zala Jedida , Deneys Véronique , Kafando Eléonore 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundSub‐Saharan African countries face the challenge of immunological transfusion safety that puts many patients at risk of post‐transfusion hemolytic reactions. This is because pre‐transfusion testing for irregular/unexpected antibodies that helps to prevent these risks are neither universally available nor accessible. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of red blood cell alloantibodies and their specificity in patients transfused in Burkina Faso.Materials and MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study including patients who had received at least one blood transfusion. Indirect antiglobulin testing using LISS‐enhanced medium gel column agglutination technique was used for antibodies screening and identification. Enzymatic technique with papain‐treated red cell reagent was performed in attempt to solve some difficulties if necessary as well as auto‐control test and RH‐KEL phenotyping when possible to help antibodies identification.ResultsA total of 832 patients were included, 51.6% of whom were female, and the median (IQR) age was 34 (20–49) years. Of these, 43.7% had chronic kidney disease and 20.4% were sickle cell patients. The median (IQR) number of immunisation episodes (blood transfusion and pregnancies) was 3 (2–6) with the median (IQR) number of blood units received per patient of 2 (1–5). The proportion of patients with RBCs antibodies was 6.4% (53/832), with mainly anti‐Rh antibodies. A combination of 2 antibodies was found in 7 patients and a combination of 3 antibodies in one patient. Antibodies of unknown specificity (AUS) were encountered in 29%. Independent factors associated with antibody positivity were age (OR = 1.02; p = 0.026), sickle cell disease (OR = 3.23; p = 0.017) and receiving more than 10 blood units (OR = 7.33; p = 0.01).ConclusionIn this study, the proportion of patients with RBC antibodies was quite similar to that observed in Sub‐Saharan African countries. However, the availability and accessibility of pre‐transfusion compatibility tests as well as the quality of methods used should be improved to ensure the safety of blood transfusions.
Labour market rigidity and trade margins
Authors: Bista Rishav , Sawyer W. Charles 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCountries differ, sometimes significantly, regarding their basic labour market structure. Despite the prevalence of theoretical literature, empirical studies examining the impact of labour market rigidity (LMR) on trade is sparse. Existing empirical studies have been limited to aggregate trade flows with cross‐sectional estimations; a limited set of countries (e.g. OECD or Latin America) or to the period after 1990. We utilise a gravity model of trade to examine the impact of LMR on exports for 145 countries between 1964 and 2004. We utilise dis‐aggregated product‐level trade data and decompose total exports into the extensive and the intensive margin to examine this relationship. We also utilise total aggregate international trade relative to domestic sales, which allows for the identification of LMR‐trade relationship, even in the presence of multilateral trade resistance controls. Finally, we estimate the effect of LMR on exports (and the margins) by focusing on a sample of European OECD countries via the difference‐in‐differences estimation. In all cases, we find that a rigid LMR reduces total exports, and this decrease is driven primarily by the intensive margin. Our findings are relevant as recent studies have found the intensive margin to be more important for long‐run export growth and especially for developing countries.
Mucocutaneous subdermal plexus flap for complete excision of a malignant dermal and conjunctival melanoma in a dog
Authors: Kaminsky Mihal , Hoffman Allison , Ellis Angela E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeTo perform a reconstructive blepharoplasty to obtain complete surgical excision of a darkly pigmented raised conjunctival‐eyelid mass of the lower eyelid in a dog.Animal studiedA 7‐year‐old, female‐spayed, Yorkshire Terrier was evaluated for a slowly progressive, dark brown‐to‐black raised mass of the lower left eyelid. Sampling of the mass via fine‐needle aspirate or incisional biopsy was declined, and an excision of the mass with the goal to obtain complete margins and maintain normal eyelid function with cosmesis was elected.ProceduresThe lower palpebral conjunctival‐eyelid pigmented mass was excised en bloc and the lower eyelid was reconstructed with a mucocutaneous subdermal plexus flap.ResultsHistopathology revealed a malignant dermal and conjunctivalmelanoma excised with complete margins (1–2 mm). Short‐term complications included corneal ulceration and eschar formation, which resolved completely at the 1‐month follow‐up. Long‐term complications included mild trichiasis with epiphora and porphyrin staining. Tumor recurrence was not observed during an 8‐month follow‐up period.ConclusionsThe en bloc excision with mucocutaneous subdermal plexus flap was successful in obtaining complete surgical margins for a malignant conjunctival‐eyelid melanoma. An excellent functional and cosmetic outcome was achieved without tumor recurrence during an 8‐month follow‐up period. A mucocutaneous subdermal plexus flap can be considered as a surgical option for malignant melanoma of the lower eyelid.
Strength and Conditioning in U.S. Schools: A Qualitative Investigation of Physical Educators’ Socialization and Professional Experiences
Authors: Kern Ben D. , Bellar David , Wilson Wesley J. , Rasheed Samiyah 
Published: March 2023

Purpose: To examine socialization experiences of physical educators who deliver strength and conditioning (S&C) programming, particularly the development of subjective theories, expertise, orientations, and perceived mattering. Methods: Thirty-one secondary school physical educators providing S&C instruction/supervision as part of required duties completed in-depth interviews with Occupational Socialization Theory as a guiding framework for analysis. Results: Themes developed were (a) acculturation and organizational socialization influence beliefs, (b) S&C professional development is scarce, (c) S&C in physical education is a sporting endeavor, (d) blurred lines between teaching and coaching, and (e) S&C-related programs matter. Discussion: Physical educators delivering S&C programming lack adequate preservice preparation and professional development, and experience both role conflict and decreased marginalization. Physical education teacher education programs should offer more formal S&C training for safe and effective instruction/supervision. Schools should provide S&C-related professional development to maximize student learning and safety and avoid potential legal liability.
Laurentide Ice Sheet persistence during Pleistocene interglacials
Authors: LeBlanc Danielle E. , Shakun Jeremy D. , Corbett Lee B. , Bierman Paul R. , Caffee Marc W. , Hidy Alan J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
While there are no ice sheets in the Northern Hemisphere outside of Greenland today, it is uncertain whether this was also the case during most other Quaternary interglacials. We show, using in situ cosmogenic nuclides in ice-rafted debris, that the Laurentide Ice Sheet was likely more persistent during Quaternary interglacials than often thought. Low 26Al/10Be ratios (indicative of burial of the source area) in marine core sediment suggest sediment source areas experienced only brief (on the order of thousands of years) and/or infrequent ice-free interglacials over the past million years. These results imply that complete Laurentide deglaciation may have only occurred when climate forcings reached levels comparable to those of the early Holocene, making our current interglacial unusual relative to others of the mid-to-late Pleistocene.
Effect of community health worker home visits on antenatal care and institutional delivery: an analysis of secondary outcomes from a cluster randomised trial in Mali
Authors: Kayentao Kassoum , Ghosh Rakesh , Guindo Lamine , Whidden Caroline , Treleaven Emily , Chiu Calvin , Lassala Diego , Traoré Mohamed Bana , Beckerman Jessica , Diakité Djoumé , Tembely Aly , Idriss Ben Moulaye , Berthé Mohamed , Liu Jenny X , Johnson Ari 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionThough community health workers (CHWs) have improved access to antenatal care (ANC) and institutional delivery in different settings, it is unclear what package and delivery strategy maximises impact.MethodsThis study reports a secondary aim of the Proactive Community Case Management cluster randomised trial, conducted between December 2016 and April 2020 in Mali. It evaluated whether proactive home visits can improve ANC access at a population level compared with passive site-based care. 137 unique village clusters, covering the entire study area, were stratified by health catchment area and distance to the nearest primary health centre. Within each stratum, clusters were randomly assigned to intervention or control arm. CHWs in intervention clusters proactively visited all homes to provide care. In the control clusters, CHWs provided the same services at their fixed community health post to care-seeking patients. Pregnant women 15–49 years old were enrolled in a series of community-based and facility-based visits. We analysed individual-level annual survey data from baseline and 24-month and 36-month follow-up for the secondary outcomes of ANC and institutional delivery, complemented with CHW monitoring data during the trial period. We compared outcomes between: (1) the intervention and control arms, and (2) the intervention period and baseline.ResultsWith 2576 and 2536 pregnancies from 66 and 65 clusters in the intervention and control arms, respectively, the estimated risk ratios for receiving any ANC was 1.05 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.07), four or more ANC visits was 1.25 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.43) and ANC initiated in the first trimester was 1.11 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.19), relative to the controls; no differences in institutional delivery were found. However, both arms achieved large improvements in institutional delivery, compared with baseline. Monitoring data show that 19% and 2% of registered pregnancies received at least eight ANC contacts in the intervention and control arms, respectively. Six clusters, three from each arm had to be dropped in the last 2 years of the trial.ConclusionsProactive home visits increased ANC and the number of antenatal contacts at the clinic and community levels. ANC and institutional delivery can be increased when provided without fees from professional CHWs in upgraded primary care clinics.Trial registration numberNCT02694055.
Improving rural and regional access to long-acting reversible contraception and medical abortion through nurse-led models of care, task-sharing and telehealth (ORIENT): a protocol for a stepped-wedge pragmatic cluster-randomised controlled trial in Australian general practice
Authors: Mazza Danielle , Shankar Mridula , Botfield Jessica R , Moulton Jessica E , Chakraborty Samantha Paubrey , Black Kirsten , Tomnay Jane , Bateson Deborah , Church Jody , Laba Tracey-Lea , Kasza Jessica , Norman Wendy V 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionWomen living in rural and regional Australia often experience difficulties in accessing long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) and medical abortion services. Nurse-led models of care can improve access to these services but have not been evaluated in Australian general practice. The primary aim of the ORIENT trial (ImprOving Rural and regIonal accEss to long acting reversible contraceptioN and medical abortion through nurse-led models of care, Tasksharing and telehealth) is to assess the effectiveness of a nurse-led model of care in general practice at increasing uptake of LARC and improving access to medical abortion in rural and regional areas.Methods and analysisORIENT is a stepped-wedge pragmatic cluster-randomised controlled trial. We will enrol 32 general practices (clusters) in rural or regional Australia, that have at least two general practitioners, one practice nurse and one practice manager. The nurse-led model of care (the intervention) will be codesigned with key women’s health stakeholders. Clusters will be randomised to implement the model sequentially, with the comparator being usual care. Clusters will receive implementation support through clinical upskilling, educational outreach and engagement in an online community of practice. The primary outcome is the change in the rate of LARC prescribing comparing control and intervention phases; secondary outcomes include change in the rate of medical abortion prescribing and provision of related telehealth services. A within-trial economic analysis will determine the relative costs and benefits of the model on the prescribing rates of LARC and medical abortion compared with usual care. A realist evaluation will provide contextual information regarding model implementation informing considerations for scale-up. Supporting nurses to work to their full scope of practice has the potential to increase LARC and medical abortion access in rural and regional Australia.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained from the Monash University Human Research Ethics Committee (Project ID: 29476). Findings will be disseminated via multiple avenues including a knowledge exchange workshop, policy briefs, conference presentations and peer-reviewed publications.Trial registration numberThis trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12622000086763).
Smoking cessation interventions for US adults with disabilities: protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Schulz Jonathan A , Atwood Gary S , Regnier Sean D , Mullis Lindsey C , Nugent Austin , Erath Tyler G , Villanti Andrea C 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionPeople with disabilities have a higher prevalence of cigarette smoking than people without disabilities. However, little information exists on smoking cessation interventions tailored to address the unique needs of people with disabilities. This paper describes a systematic review protocol to identify and evaluate tobacco smoking cessation interventions designed to improve outcomes for people with disabilities.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a systematic review of the literature using the procedures outlined by Cochrane. We will search four electronic databases (CINAHL Plus (EBSCO), Embase (Ovid), Medline (Ovid) and PsycINFO (Ovid)) with no date restriction to identify tobacco cessation interventions tailored to meet the needs of people with disabilities. We will extract data and assess risk of bias using the RoB2 and ROBINS-I for included studies using Covidence systematic review software. Quantitative and qualitative syntheses will summarise key study characteristics and outcomes with text, tables and forest plots; a meta-analysis will be conducted, if appropriate.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required as there are no primary data associated with the study. Data will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed articles and conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022337434.
Partnering to build surgical capacity in low-resource settings: a qualitative study of Canadian global surgeons
Authors: Khalid Muhammad Uzair , Mac Amanda , Biderman Maya , Errett Lee , Sriharan Abi 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesThis qualitative study aimed to explore the perspectives of Canadian global surgeons with experience developing surgical education partnerships with low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) for the purpose of identifying factors for success.DesignA purposive sample of leaders from global surgery programmes at Canadian Faculties of Medicine participated in virtual semi-structured interviews. A six-phase thematic analysis was performed using a constructivist lens on verbatim transcripts by three independent researchers. Key factors for success were thematically collated with constant comparison and inter-investigator triangulation in NVivo software until theoretical saturation was reached.ParticipantsFifteen surgeons, representing 11 subspecialties at 6 Canadian academic institutions and a combined experience across 6 continents, were interviewed between January and June 2022.ResultsFour facilitators for success of global surgery training programmes were identified, with a strong undertone of relationship-building permeating all subthemes: (1) facilitative skill sets and infrastructure, (2) longitudinal engagement, (3) local ownership and (4) interpersonal humility. Participants defined facilitative skill sets to include demonstrated surgical competence and facilitative infrastructure to include pre-existing local networks, language congruency, sustainable funding and support from external organisations. They perceived longitudinal engagement as spanning multiple trips, enabled by strong personal motivation and arrangements at their home institutions. Ownership of projects by local champions, including in research output, was noted as key to preventing brain drain and catalysing a ripple effect of surgical trainees. Finally, interviewees emphasised interpersonal humility as being crucial to decolonising the institution of global surgery with cultural competence, reflexivity and sustainability.ConclusionsThe interviewed surgeons perceived strong cross-cultural relationships as fundamental to all other dimensions of success when working in low-resource capacity-building. While this study presents a comprehensive Canadian perspective informed by high-profile leadership in global surgery, a parallel study highlighting LMIC-partners’ perspectives will be critical to a more complete understanding of programme success.
Facilitating workplace grief through an organic office ‘Last Office’ session for bereaved employees
Authors: Patinadan Paul Victor , Teo Winnie 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundGrief and loss in the workplace setting often entail a culture of silence, which can be detrimental to the psychosocial and emotional functioning of the work unit. Oftentimes, in an effort to maintain the role of ‘consummate professionals’, expressions of negative emotions are suppressed to avoid awkwardness. However, employees are not automatons that can freely leave their emotions at the office lobby and then begin work. This piece details the experience of losing a long-time colleague and one team’s efforts in aiding the organic development of a brief grief intervention for psychosocial care.MethodNamed the Office ‘Last Office’, this process sought to (1) acknowledge the loss, (2) unpack emotions and (3) honour the memory of the deceased coworker and culminated with the (4) practical removal of their personal effects from their workstation for return to the family.ConclusionThis brief intervention borrows from the respectful sensitivity of the ‘Last Office’ or ‘Laying Out’ practice that nurses employ when working with the recently deceased and is a first step to informing and changing the current vocational climate regarding acknowledging grief within a workplace setting.