bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of WO3 quantum dots/TiO2 nanowire arrays type II heterojunction via electrostatic self-assembly for efficient solar-driven photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Zhang Ning , Li Huili , Yao Bo , Liu Shiyan , Ren Jun , Wang Yawei , Fang Zebo , Wu Rong , Wei Shunhang 
Published: April 2023

Mercury lamp irradiation changes the potential of WO3 quantum dots and TiO2 nanowire arrays. The enhanced bulk carrier separation efficiency is the reason for the excellent photoelectrochemical performance of self-assembled type II heterojunction.
Star-formation-rate estimates from water emission
Authors: Dutkowska K. M. , Kristensen L. E. 
Published: April 2023

Context. The star-formation rate (SFR) quantitatively describes the star-formation process in galaxies throughout cosmic history. Current ways to calibrate this rate do not usually employ observational methods accounting for the low-mass end of stellar populations as their signatures are too weak.
Aims. Accessing the bulk of protostellar activity within galactic star-forming regions can be achieved by tracing signposts of ongoing star formation. One such signpost is molecular outflows, which are particularly strong at the earliest stages of star formation. These outflows are bright in molecular emission, which is readily observable. We propose to utilize the protostellar outflow emission as a tracer of the SFR.
Methods. In this work, we introduce a novel version of the galaxy-in-a-box model, which can be used to relate molecular emission from star formation in galaxies with the SFR. We measured the predicted para-water emission at 988 GHz (which is particularly bright in outflows) and corresponding SFRs for galaxies with LFIR = 108 − 1011 L⊙ in a distance-independent manner, and compared them with expectations from observations.
Results. We evaluated the derived results by varying star-forming parameters, namely the star formation efficiency, the free-fall time scaling factor, and the initial mass function. We observe that for the chosen water transition, relying on the current Galactic observations and star formation properties, we are underestimating the total galactic emission, while overestimating the SFRs, particularly for more starburst-like configurations.
Conclusions. The current version of the galaxy-in-a-box model only accounts for a limited number of processes and configurations, that is, it focuses on ongoing star formation in massive young clusters in a spiral galaxy. Therefore, the inferred results, which underestimate the emission and overestimate the SFR, are not surprising: known sources of emission are not included in the model. To improve the results, the next version of the model needs to include a more detailed treatment of the entire galactic ecosystem and other processes that would contribute to the emission. Thus, the galaxy-in-a-box model is a promising step toward unveiling the star-forming properties of galaxies across cosmic time.
New complexity results on Roman {2}-domination
Authors: Fernández Lara , Leoni Valeria 
Published: April 2023

The study of a variant of Roman domination was initiated by Chellali et al. [Discrete Appl. Math. 204 (2016) 22–28]. Given a graph G with vertex set V, a Roman {2}-dominating function f : V → {0, 1, 2} has the property that for every vertex v ∈ V with f(v) = 0, either there exists a vertex u adjacent to v with f(u) = 2, or at least two vertices x, y adjacent to v with f(x) = f(y) = 1. The weight of a Roman {2}-dominating function is the value f(V) = ∑v∈V f(v). The minimum weight of a Roman {2}-dominating function is called the Roman {2}-domination number and is denoted by γ{R2}(G). In this work we find several NP-complete instances of the Roman {2}-domination problem: chordal graphs, bipartite planar graphs, chordal bipartite graphs, bipartite with maximum degree 3 graphs, among others. A result by Chellali et al. [Discrete Appl. Math. 204 (2016) 22–28] shows that γ{R2}(G) and the 2-rainbow domination number of G coincide when G is a tree, and thus, the linear time algorithm for k-rainbow domination due to Brešar et al. [Taiwan J. Math. 12 (2008) 213–225] can be followed to compute γ{R2}(G). In this work we develop an efficient algorithm that is independent of k-rainbow domination and computes the Roman {2}-domination number on a subclass of trees called caterpillars.
Synchronization of parallel intense electron beam accelerators based on single trigger generator
Authors: Geng Jiu-yuan , Yang Jian-hua , Shu Ting , Cheng Xin-bing , Chen Rong , Chen Chaoran , Yue Yunrui 
Published: April 2023

In this study, the authors provide results of the precisely synchronized triggering of an intense electron beam accelerator (IEBA). The trigger generator was composed of a fractional-turn ratio saturable-pulse transformer and a compact six-stage Marx generator. The main switch of the IEBA was a corona-stabilized triggered switch (CSTS) based on the stabilized corona mechanism. The output voltage of a single IEBA exceeded 500 kV with less than 4 ns of jitter on a 50 Ω dummy load. We also conducted an experiment on the synchronous triggering of two IEBAs by using two independent trigger generators. The synchronization-related jitter was 6.1 ns, while the average time difference was 1.3 ns. We used this to attempt to trigger two parallel IEBAs by using a single trigger generator. The results showed a reduction in the synchronization-related jitter of 31% to 4.2 ns. The designs of the CSTS and the trigger generator guaranteed a precisely synchronous trigger by using a single trigger generator. Thus, the proposed method appears to be promising for accurately and synchronously triggering multiple IEBAs by using a single trigger generator. This provides an effective method to generate pulses with high power.
Theoretical study on multi-range pulsewidth tuning in a dissipative soliton laser mode-locked by a Dirac semimetal
Authors: Yang Linjing , Yao Chuanfei , Wu Yongjing , Wang Xuan , Ren Guochuan , Wang Chao , Li Pingxue 
Published: April 2023

Ultrashort pulse fiber lasers with tunable pulsewidth have a wide range of applications in telecommunication, micro-fabrication, and nonlinear bioimaging. In this paper, we reported the simulation of multi-range pulsewidth-tunable ultrashort pulse laser generation in a mode-locked Er3+ doped fiber laser based on Cd3As2 as a saturable absorber (SA) for the first time. By changing the modulation depth (MD) of Cd3As2 SA from 35% to 75% at the different net normal dispersion, the pulsewidth of the fiber laser is tuned from 4.07 to 48.9 ps. In our simulation, the maximum single tunable range (20.3–48.9 ps) can be obtained when we use a long normal dispersion fiber to increase the net normal dispersion of the cavity, and the minimum tunable range of 1.68–2.45 ps is also achieved by further simultaneously decreasing the cavity length and the net normal dispersion. This model of a mode-locked fiber laser controlled by the MD of Cd3As2 SA provides a simple, reliable, and low-cost solution for a variety of applications that require width-tunable pulses.
Time-resolved ARPES with tunable 12–21.6 eV XUV at 400 kHz repetition rate
Authors: Chen Famin , Wang Ji , Pan Mojun , Liu Junde , Huang Jierui , Zhao Kun , Yun Chenxia , Qian Tian , Wei Zhiyi , Ding Hong 
Published: April 2023

Time-resolved and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (trARPES) is a powerful method to detect the non-equilibrium electronic structure in solid systems. In this study, we report a trARPES apparatus with tunable photon energy selectively among 12, 16.8, and 21.6 eV at a repetition rate of 400 kHz. The energy and temporal resolutions of the three harmonics are determined as 104/111/157 meV and 276/190/154 fs, respectively. The photon flux on the sample is estimated to be 1010–1011 photons/s by using a photodiode. Finally, the performance of this setup is verified by both equilibrium and non-equilibrium ARPES measurements on topological materials Zr2Te2P and Bi2Se3. Meanwhile, the importance of the tunability of the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) source is highlighted by comparing experimental results measured with the three different photon energies.
Design of an applied method with graphite structure for suppression of surface electromagnetic waves between array antennas
Authors: Rohaninezhad M. R. , Shirpay A. , Soleimanyfar P. 
Published: April 2023

In this study, a method of combining graphite structure and electromagnetic bandgap to reduce the mutual coupling of electromagnetic waves in array antennas is proposed. This structure is designed according to the special physical properties of graphite for the emission of electromagnetic waves, transmission theory, as well as the inductance and capacitive properties of the electromagnetic bandgap structure to dissipate surface currents. The proposed multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) antenna was designed and measured with two radiating elements on a substrate. The results show that the effects of mutual coupling between radiating elements are reduced by 30 dB at the operating frequency of 3.34 GHz. By placing this structure, all antenna components, including gain, patterns, and radiation efficiency, are improved. Calculations showed that antenna components: gain and antenna radiation efficiency increased by 1.2 dB and nearly 24%, respectively. To confirm the good performance of the graphite structure, all components of the MIMO antenna, including the envelope correlation coefficient, diversity gain, mean effective gain, channel capacity loss, and total active reflection coefficient, were investigated. The results showed the desired values, which indicate the very good performance of the graphite structure on all the basic characteristics of the antenna.
Young learners’ bilingual status and cognitive development in foreign language aptitude testing
Authors: Suárez Maria-del-Mar , Stansfield Charles W. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Young learners’ L1s preference, cognitive development and bilingual status might influence their performance on
language aptitude tests, particularly if these are language-dependent. The objective of this study was to test the validity,
reliability and consistency across populations of two such tests: the Modern Language Aptitude Test-Elementary in Catalan
(MLAT-EC) and in Spanish (MLAT-ES). 629 bilingual students from grades 3 to 7 took the MLAT-ES and the MLAT-EC for test comparison
in a counterbalanced order. The results show that their performance on both tests presented hardly any significant differences
considering students’ L1 preference (Catalan, Spanish or no preference). In addition, these bilingual examinees outperformed the
predominantly monolingual samples in the MLAT-ES norming study. The same score patterns related to young learner cognitive
development stages were found across test versions. These results reinforce the confidence in the validity of the MLAT-E
adaptations and support the hypothesis that bilingualism results in greater aptitude.
The H i Gas Fraction Scaling Relation of the Green Pea Galaxies
Authors: Liu Siqi , Luo A-Li , Zhang Wei , Zhang Yan-Xia , Kong Xiao , Zhao Yong-Heng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Green Pea galaxies are compact galaxies with high star formation rates. However, limited samples of Green Pea galaxies have H i 21 cm measurements. Whether the H i gas fraction (f
H I ≡ M
H I/M
⋆) of Green Pea galaxies follows the existing scaling relations between the f
H I and NUV-r color or linear combinations of color and other physical quantities needs checking. Using archival data of H i 21 cm observations, we investigate the scaling relation of the NUV-r color with the M
H I/M
⋆ of 38 Green Pea galaxies, including 17 detections and 21 non-detections. The H i to stellar mass ratios (f
H I) of Green Pea galaxies deviate from the polynomial form, where a higher H i gas fraction is predicted given the current NUV-r color, even with the emission lines removed. The blue sources (NUV-r < 1) from the comparison sample (ALFALFA-SDSS) follow a similar trend. The H i gas fraction scaling relations with linear combination forms of

−
0.34
(
NUV
−
r
)
−
0.64
log
(

μ

⋆
,
z

)

+5.9 and

−
0.77
log

μ

⋆
,
i

+
0.26
logSFR

/

M

⋆

+
8.53

, better predict the H i gas fraction of the Green Pea galaxies. In order to obtain accurate linear combined forms, higher-resolution photometry from space-based telescopes is needed.
Serpentinisation is Required for the Magnetization of the Martian Crust
Authors: Yu Shuoran , Ni Dongdong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The remnant magnetism in the crust of Martian southern highland is associated with the magnetic sources at an average depth of ∼32 km. In this work, we investigate the magnetization of Martian crust via 1-D parameterized model for the stagnant-lid mantle convection. According to our model, the magnetization of Martian crust is likely to take place in the top-down manner during 4.1–3.7 Ga. To reproduce the average depth of magnetic sources below the southern highland, magnetite and Mg-ferrite are anticipated to be the magnetic carriers in the Martian crust, implying the serpentinisation therein. If magnetite is the only magnetic carrier in the Martian crust, the early climate must be warm enough to maintain a surface temperature of 300 K during 4.1–3.7 Ga at least. Such a warm climate is more likely to be a regional phenomenon associated with the serpentinisation in the crust of the southern highland or the hot ejecta of Borialis impact depositing on the southern hemisphere.
Martian Thermosphere Response to Solar Flares: MAVEN NGIMS Observations
Authors: Li Zi-Chuan , Cao Yu-Tian 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The solar flare is a sudden eruptive solar phenomenon with significant enhancements in solar X-ray and Extreme Ultraviolet radiations, resulting in large amounts of energy being injected into the planetary atmosphere. Case studies have been extensively presented to analyze the effect of extremely large flares on the Martian upper atmosphere, but the general features of the Martian thermospheric response to flares are still poorly understood. In this work, we select 12 intense solar flares that occurred between 2015 and 2017 and investigate the densities and compositional variations of the dayside Martian thermosphere to these flares with the aid of the measurements made by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN. The statistical studies indicate that the responses of the Martian thermosphere to flares are complicated that both the class of the flare and the wavelength of the enhanced radiation may have prominent influences on the thermal expansion of the atmosphere and the atmospheric photochemical reactions.
X-Ray Properties of PSR J1811-1925 by NuSTAR
Authors: Zheng Jin-Tao , Ge Ming-Yu , Li Xiang-Hua 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We analyzed the spectral properties and pulse profile of PSR J1811–1925, a pulsar located in the center of composite supernova remnant (SNR) G11.2–0.3, by using high timing resolution archival data from the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array Mission (NuSTAR). Analysis of archival Chandra data over different regions rules out the SNR shell as the site of the hard X-ray emission while spectral analysis indicates that the NuSTAR photons originate in the pulsar and its nebula. The pulse profile exhibits a broad single peak up to 35 keV. The jointed spectrum by combining NuSTAR and Chandra can be well fitted by a power-law model with a photon index of Γ = 1.58 ± 0.04. The integrated flux of jointed spectrum over 1–10 keV is 3.36 × 10−12 erg cm−2 s−1. The spectrum of pulsar having photon index Γ = 1.33 ± 0.06 and a 1–10 keV flux of 0.91 × 10−12 erg cm−2 s−1. We also performed the phase-resolved spectral analysis by splitting the whole pulse-on phase into five phase bins. The photon indices of the bins are all around 1.4, indicating that the photon index does not evolve with the phase.
Fabrication of Carbon Coated Nickel/Nitrogen Doped Graphene Composite Film and as Enhancer for Sensitive and Rapid Determination of Sunset Yellow
Authors: Huang Guangjun , Li Sheng , Zhou Ying 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The innovative glassy carbon electrode used in the determination of sunset yellow is modified using a carbon-coated nickel/nitrogen doped graphene composite film. (C-Ni/NGE/GCE). The morphology and structure of different materials (C-Ni and NG) were characterized by transmission electron microscope. When HAc-NaAc (pH=4) was selected as the electrolyte solution, the maximum current of C-Ni/NGE/GCE oxidation peak was reached when the electrolyte concentration was 0.15 mol·L−1, which was a reversible redox peak. The maximum linear range is 1.0×10−4 mol·L−1 and the minimum is 4.0×10−6 mol·L−1. Taking the peak current as the vertical coordinate and SY concentration as the horizontal coordinate, the working standard curve equation obtained by differential pulse voltammetry is Ip(μA)=0.187+56.91c (μmol·L−1 )(R2=0.9992). The detection limit was 5.0×10−8 mol·L−1. The electrochemical behavior of SY shows proton number (X=1) and electron transfer number (n=1). The recovery rate of SY in beverage was 101.5%-103.3%. The following research of sensor to nitrite was the linear range, recovery rate and uL, produced in small experiments.
Cone Angle Modulation of Silicon Nanocones through Double Etching Processes in Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching
Authors: Chen Hui , Bian Chenyu , Zhang Cheng , Wang Shaojun , Zhang Bingchang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
All-wet metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) has been demonstrated as a simple and effective method to fabricate silicon nanocones (SiNCs). The properties of SiNCs strongly depend on their structure parameters such as the cone angle and can be optimized through modulating the cone angle. However, cone angle modulation of SiNCs in all-wet MACE processes has not been achieved. Here, we report the fabrication of SiNCs with different cone angles through double etching processes in all-wet MACE. Large-size silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were first obtained by solution deposition. After a common etching process, a double etching process with diluted etching solutions was introduced. In the etching step, AgNPs gradually reduced with the Si etching, which resulted in the formation of SiNCs. The cone angles of SiNCs depend on the changing rate of AgNP sizes. Based on this mechanism, SiNCs with different cone angles from 5°-20° were successfully fabricated by changing the concentration of the diluted etching solution in the double etching process. The contact angle of SiNCs with different cone angles was also investigated. It is found that the wettability of the SiNCs becomes poorer with increasing cone angles. Cone angle modulation of SiNCs in all-wet MACE will benefit the property control and the wide applications of SiNCs.
In Situ Fabrication of Nanoneedles with Hierarchical Structure Cobalt Nitride on Nickel Foam with Superhydrophobic
Authors: Gao Rui , Xie Yvfan , Zhang Tangjie , Kong Chao 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Co5.47N nanoneedles with hierarchical structure were fabricated on nickel foam, and then grafting with 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltrimethoxysilane. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The as-prepared nickel foam samples exhibited both super-hydrophobicity and super-lipophilicity. The water contact angle (WCA) of the as-prepared nickel foam was 156°, and oil drops could penetrate through the sample within 13ms. The superhydrophobic nickel foam can be used as an ideal material for oil-water separation, due to its superhydrophobic and superlipophilic properties.
Efficient Solution-Processed OLED Based on Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Dendrimer with Butterfly Molecular Structure
Authors: He Yuting , Zhang Cheng , Yan Hao , Chai Yongshuai , Zhou Deyun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Solution-processed TADF dendrimer based on D-A-D structure has been synthesized, which named POtCz-DPyM. The dendrimers show a small ΔE
st. The performance of OLED device shows a relatively low turn-on voltage (4.2 V), the CEmax efficiency of 13.0 cd A−1, the EQEmax of 5.6%. Moreover, the POt modified carbazole was used as the donor to synthesize this novel dendrimer for the first time. And the solution-processed OLED based on POtCz-DPyM as emitter shows high performance among solution-processed devices.
Research Progress of Current Sensor Based on Spin-Dependent Magnetoresistance Effect
Authors: Zhou Bomeng , Li Tong , Pan Miao , Li Shufen , Su Jianzhi , Su Zhicong , Wang Feng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This article reviews the physical mechanism of spin-dependent magnetoresistance and its early application in sensors. The magnetic field performance generated by the current to be measured is explained. According to the realization of the magnetoresistance measurement of this characteristic, seven main indicators of the current sensor are summarized. Starting with the structure of magnetoresistance devices and magnetoresistance units of current sensors based on spin-dependent magnetoresistance effect, several design methods of sensors and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. Starting from the role of AMR, GMR and TMR in magnetoresistance cells, the structure of series and parallel arrays, permanent magnet bias, coil bias, coil reset, flux aggregator and superconducting ring are analyzed, and several design methods of sensors are summarized as well as their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, the possible development direction of the current sensor is forecasted based on the recently discovered spin correlation effect.
Effect of Normalizing on Impact and Corrosion Resistance of Low-temperature Service Seamless Steel Pipe
Authors: Zhao Bo , Ai Fangfang , Yuan Qin , Wu Hong , Cheng Junxia , Wang Shanbao , Xie Degang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The seamless line pipe, which has fine low temperature impact properties for Low-temperature Service and good H2S corrosion resistance, was investigated through chemical composition designing, optimizing smelting-rolling processes, and heat treatment processes following ASTM A333 standard. The influence of normalizing on the impact property and corrosion resistance was studied by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, mechanical test and corrosion test. It is demonstrated that the low temperature mechanical properties and anti-H2S corrosion properties of hot-rolled trial-pipe and normalized trial-pipe meet ASTM A333 standard. The microstructure of hot-rolled trial-pipe is pearlite and ferrite, and the grain distribution is uniform and grain size is fine. The dominated precipitates phase are TiN particles in hot-rolled trial-pipe. Ductile to brittle transition temperature is determined at -60 °C. The grain refinement is achieved after normalized and the main precipitates are TiN particles together with a few VN particles. Ductile tobrittle transition temperature was further lowered, at - 80 °C. The corrosion behavior of the material was examined by hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) corrosion test, sulfide stress corrosion (SSC) test and polarization test at various polarization scanning rates. It is observed that the anti-HIC corrosion performance and SSC corrosion resistance are similar for both hot-rolled and normalized pipes, but the performance of electrochemical corrosion of normalized pipe is better than hot-rolled pipe, which indicates that the normalized pipe is more suitable for demanding corrosive environments.