bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Virtual Reading Center Model Using Crowdsourcing to Grade Photographs for Trachoma: Validation Study
Authors: Brady Christopher J , Cockrell R Chase , Aldrich Lindsay R , Wolle Meraf A , West Sheila K 
Published: February 2023

Background
As trachoma is eliminated, skilled field graders become less adept at correctly identifying active disease (trachomatous inflammation—follicular [TF]). Deciding if trachoma has been eliminated from a district or if treatment strategies need to be continued or reinstated is of critical public health importance. Telemedicine solutions require both connectivity, which can be poor in the resource-limited regions of the world in which trachoma occurs, and accurate grading of the images.

Objective
Our purpose was to develop and validate a cloud-based “virtual reading center” (VRC) model using crowdsourcing for image interpretation.

Methods
The Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT) platform was used to recruit lay graders to interpret 2299 gradable images from a prior field trial of a smartphone-based camera system. Each image received 7 grades for US $0.05 per grade in this VRC. The resultant data set was divided into training and test sets to internally validate the VRC. In the training set, crowdsourcing scores were summed, and the optimal raw score cutoff was chosen to optimize kappa agreement and the resulting prevalence of TF. The best method was then applied to the test set, and the sensitivity, specificity, kappa, and TF prevalence were calculated.

Results
In this trial, over 16,000 grades were rendered in just over 60 minutes for US $1098 including AMT fees. After choosing an AMT raw score cut point to optimize kappa near the World Health Organization (WHO)–endorsed level of 0.7 (with a simulated 40% prevalence TF), crowdsourcing was 95% sensitive and 87% specific for TF in the training set with a kappa of 0.797. All 196 crowdsourced-positive images received a skilled overread to mimic a tiered reading center and specificity improved to 99%, while sensitivity remained above 78%. Kappa for the entire sample improved from 0.162 to 0.685 with overreads, and the skilled grader burden was reduced by over 80%. This tiered VRC model was then applied to the test set and produced a sensitivity of 99% and a specificity of 76% with a kappa of 0.775 in the entire set. The prevalence estimated by the VRC was 2.70% (95% CI 1.84%-3.80%) compared to the ground truth prevalence of 2.87% (95% CI 1.98%-4.01%).

Conclusions
A VRC model using crowdsourcing as a first pass with skilled grading of positive images was able to identify TF rapidly and accurately in a low prevalence setting. The findings from this study support further validation of a VRC and crowdsourcing for image grading and estimation of trachoma prevalence from field-acquired images, although further prospective field testing is required to determine if diagnostic characteristics are acceptable in real-world surveys with a low prevalence of the disease.
Quality of Life and Mental Health of Chinese Sexual and Gender Minority Women and Cisgender Heterosexual Women: Cross-sectional Survey and Mediation Analysis
Authors: Wu Chanchan , Chau Pui Hing , Choi Edmond Pui Hang 
Published: February 2023

Background
Health-related research on sexual minority populations in China is lacking, and research on sexual and gender minority women (SGMW, including transgender women and persons of other gender identities assigned female at birth of all sexual orientations, and cisgender women with nonheterosexual orientations) is even less. Currently, there are limited surveys related to mental health in Chinese SGMW, but there are no studies on their quality of life (QOL), no studies comparing the QOL of SGMW with that of cisgender heterosexual women (CHW), and no studies on the relationship between sexual identity and the QOL as well as associated mental health variables.

Objective
This study aims to evaluate the QOL and mental health in a diverse sample of Chinese women and make comparisons between SGMW and CHW and then investigate the relationship between sexual identity and the QOL through the role of mental health.

Methods
A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from July to September 2021. All participants completed a structured questionnaire containing the World Health Organization Quality of Life–abbreviated short version (WHOQOL-BREF), the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES).

Results
In total, 509 women aged 18-56 years were recruited, including 250 (49.1%) CHW and 259 (50.9%) SGMW. Independent t tests showed that the SGMW reported significantly lower levels of QOL, higher levels of depression and anxiety symptoms, and lower self-esteem than the CHW. Pearson correlations showed that every domain and the overall QOL were positively associated with mental health variables, with moderate-to-strong correlations (r range 0.42-0.75, P<.001). Multiple linear regressions found that participants belonging to the SGMW group, current smokers, and women with no steady partner were associated with a worse overall QOL. The mediation analysis found that depression, anxiety, and self-esteem significantly completely mediated the relationship between sexual identity and physical, social, and environment domains of the QOL, while the relationship between sexual identity and the overall QOL and psychological QOL was partially mediated by depression and self-esteem.

Conclusions
The SGMW had poorer levels of QOL and a worse mental health status than the CHW. The study ﬁndings afﬁrm the importance of assessing mental health and highlight the need to design targeted health improvement programs for the SGMW population, who may be at higher risk of a poor QOL and mental health.
Conceptualizing and Measuring Social Media Use in Health and Well-being Studies: Systematic Review
Authors: Bekalu Mesfin Awoke , Sato Taisuke , Viswanath K 
Published: February 2023

Background
Despite an increasing number of studies revealing both the benefits and harms of social media use on well-being, there is heterogeneity and a lack of consensus on how social media use is conceptualized, defined, and measured. Additionally, little is known whether existing literature focuses on ill-being or well-being outcomes and whether studies use theories.

Objective
The main objective of this review was to examine (1) how social media use has been conceptualized and measured, (2) what health and well-being outcomes have been focused on, and (3) whether studies used theories.

Methods
Studies were located through a comprehensive search strategy involving 4 steps. First, keyword searches were conducted on 6 major databases: PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Embase, ProQuest, and Annual Reviews. Second, a search was conducted on Google Scholar using the same sets of search terms, and the first 100 results were examined. Third, the reference sections of reviews identified in the first 2 rounds of searches were examined, and finally, the reference lists of the final set of papers included in the review were searched. Through a multistage screening, papers that met our inclusion criteria were analyzed.

Results
The review included a total of 233 papers published between 2007 and 2020 in 51 different countries. While 66 (28%) of the studies investigated the effects of the problematic use or addiction of social media on health and well-being, 167 (72%) studied the effects of social media use as a “normal” behavior. Most of the studies used measures assessing the time users spend using social media. Most of the studies that examined the effects of problematic social media use or addiction used addiction scales. Most studies examined the association of social media use with mental illnesses such as depression, anxiety, self-esteem, and loneliness. While there are a considerable number of studies investigating physical health outcomes such as self-rated health, sleep, and sitting time or lack of physical activity, relatively a small number of studies examined social, psychological, and emotional well-being. Most of the studies 183 (79%) did not use any theory.

Conclusions
Most studies conceptualized social media use as a “normal” behavior and mostly used time-spent measures, whereas a considerable number of studies conceptualized social media use as an addiction and used various addiction measures. The studies disproportionately focused on investigating the associations of social media use with negative health and well-being outcomes. The findings suggest the need for going beyond time spent to more sophisticated measurement approaches that consider the multiplicity of activities that users perform on social media platforms and the need for more theory-based studies on the association of social media use with not only negative well-being or “ill-being” but also with positive health and well-being outcomes.
Dining-Out Behavior as a Proxy for the Superspreading Potential of SARS-CoV-2 Infections: Modeling Analysis
Authors: Chong Ka Chun , Li Kehang , Guo Zihao , Jia Katherine Min , Leung Eman Yee Man , Zhao Shi , Hung Chi Tim , Yam Carrie Ho Kwan , Chow Tsz Yu , Dong Dong , Wang Huwen , Wei Yuchen , Yeoh Eng Kiong 
Published: February 2023

Background
While many studies evaluated the reliability of digital mobility metrics as a proxy of SARS-CoV-2 transmission potential, none examined the relationship between dining-out behavior and the superspreading potential of COVID-19.

Objective
We employed the mobility proxy of dining out in eateries to examine this association in Hong Kong with COVID-19 outbreaks highly characterized by superspreading events.

Methods
We retrieved the illness onset date and contact-tracing history of all laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19 from February 16, 2020, to April 30, 2021. We estimated the time-varying reproduction number (Rt) and dispersion parameter (k), a measure of superspreading potential, and related them to the mobility proxy of dining out in eateries. We compared the relative contribution to the superspreading potential with other common proxies derived by Google LLC and Apple Inc.

Results
A total of 6391 clusters involving 8375 cases were used in the estimation. A high correlation between dining-out mobility and superspreading potential was observed. Compared to other mobility proxies derived by Google and Apple, the mobility of dining-out behavior explained the highest variability of k (ΔR-sq=9.7%, 95% credible interval: 5.7% to 13.2%) and Rt (ΔR-sq=15.7%, 95% credible interval: 13.6% to 17.7%).

Conclusions
We demonstrated that there was a strong link between dining-out behaviors and the superspreading potential of COVID-19. The methodological innovation suggests a further development using digital mobility proxies of dining-out patterns to generate early warnings of superspreading events.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Therapy for Anxiety in Williams Beuren Syndrome Using a Smartphone App: Protocol for a Single-Case Experiment
Authors: Lehman Natacha , Trouillet Raphaël , Genevieve David 
Published: February 2023

Background
Williams syndrome (WS-OMIM 194050, orphaned number: Orpha 904) is a rare condition mostly associated with intellectual disability. People with Williams syndrome are 8 times more likely to have anxiety disorders than the general population. Therapeutic solutions to treat the anxiety remain limited, particularly nonpharmacological therapy. However, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been found efficacious in managing anxiety disorders and can be used for people with intellectual disability.

Objective
This paper describes a protocol to assess the efficiency of a CBT program based on digital support for people with Williams syndrome and anxiety based on a research methodology designed for rare diseases.

Methods
We will recruit 5 individuals with Williams syndrome and anxiety. They will participate in 9 CBT sessions. Participants will perform daily self-assessments of anxiety using a digital app, which will allow for ecological and repeated evaluation of their anxiety. This digital app will provide support for each therapy session. Anxiety and quality of life will be externally assessed before and after the program and at a 3-month follow-up. This is a single-case intervention research design with multiple baselines implying repeated measures of judgment criteria. The present protocol ensures high internal validity and will help identify encouraging contributions for later clinical trials.

Results
Participant recruitment and data collection began in September 2019, and we project that the study findings will be available for dissemination by spring 2023.

Conclusions
This study will allow the assessment of the efficiency of a CBT program based on digital support to treat anxiety in people with Williams syndrome. Finally, the program could be used as an example of nonpharmacological therapy for rare diseases.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03827525; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03827525

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/44393
Is Corporate Social Responsibility Able to Mediate Increased Tax Avoidance?
Authors: Kiryanto  , Alfiana Rohmatika  , Farikha Amilahaq  
Published: February 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of the variable profitability, company growth and institutional ownership structure on tax avoidance through corporate social responsibility. The sample used in this research is financial reports of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) 2016-2019, while the method in this study uses purposive sampling with a total of 32 samples of manufacturing companies. The analysis technique used is WarpPLS version 5.0. The results indicate that profitability and company growth have a positive and significant effect on corporate social responsibility, but institutional ownership structure has a negative insignificant effect on corporate social responsibility. Profitability has negative and significant impact toward tax avoidance, while company growth and institutional ownership structure has no significant impact toward tax avoidance. As for corporate social responsibility has negative and significant impact toward tax avoidance, and it could be intervening variable between company growth and tax avoidance. The research has implications for policy makers in this case the government that CSR is able to reduce tax avoidance. Therefore, the government always encourages companies to carry out CSR in order to reduce tax avoidance in the hope that tax revenues can increase.
Analisis Pengaruh Struktur Modal Dan Struktur Kepemilikan Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan
Authors: Noviastuti Dellia Santi , Ferina Ika Sasti , Priyati Rini Yayuk 
Published: February 2023

This study extends examining the effect of capital structure (Debt Equity Ratio) on firm performance (Tobin’s q dan ROA), quadratic (concave) effect of capital structure on firm performance, the effect of Multiple Large Shareholder Structure (MLSS) and institutional ownership on firm performance. This study differ from previous studies by pinpointing the category of debt to calculate Debt to Equity Ratio. The sample of this study is 424 observations from 53 non-financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange including Index Kompas 100 from 2013 to 2020. Using fixed effect panel regression, this research finds inconsistent evidence that capital structure has insignificant negative effect on firm performance and has not a quadratic (concave) effect on firm performance. This study finds MLSS have insignificant negative effect on firm performance. This result could be caused by ownership structure in Indonesia is concentrated and percentage of MLSS is small. MLSS can not monitor the largest shareholder. This study also finds institutional ownership has insignificant negative effect on firm performance. This result could be caused by percentage of institusional owneship is small that can not monitoring manager behaviour in determining debt and dividen policy.
Does Stakeholder Pressure Determine Sustainability Reporting Disclosure? : Evidence From High-Level Governance Companies
Authors: Ruhiyat Endang , Rahman Hakim Dani , Handy Irna 
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh stakeholder’s pressure, good corporate governance (GCG), dan struktur modal terhadap sustainability reporting disclosure (SRD). Penelitian ini menggunakan data kuartalan dari 7 high level governance perusahaan yang tergabung dalam Indonesian Institute of Corporate Governance (IICG) periode 2014-2019 dengan total 168 observasi. Dengan menggunakan random effect model, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa stakeholder’s pressure yang diukur secara komposit menggunakan consumer proximity industry (CPI), investor oriented industry (IOI), dan employee oriented industry (EOI) terbukti berpengaruh positif terhadap sustainability reporting disclosure. Hasil ini robust setelah diestimasi ulang dengan menggunakan robust regression dan covariance based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM). Di sisi lain, penelitian ini gagal menemukan adanya pengaruh GCG dan struktur modal terhadap SRD. Meskipun tingkat GCG perusahaan tinggi, namun tidak membuat perusahaan tersebut meningkatkan SRD. Kondisi ini mengindikasikan bahwa tata kelola yang dilakukan perusahaan belum berorientasi pada kinerja keberlanjutan. Hasil penelitian ini berimplikasi pada pentingnya mensinergiskan praktek GCG yang dilakukan perusahaan dengan SRD. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah perlu memberikan sosialisasi yang lebih intensif mengenai pentingnya SRD, khususnya kepada para investor.
Foliar Fertilizer and Pesticide Methomyl 25% in Tea Plantation after Infested by Pest. (1) Effect of Productivity Increasing and Yield Components
Authors: Haq Muthia syafika , Fauziah Fani , Karyudi Karyudi 
Published: February 2023

The experiment of effect of Foliar Fertilizer (N& ZnSo4) and pesticide compatibility with Methomyl 25% compound to increasing Tea Productivity (Camellia sinensis) has been conducted in Research Institute for Tea and Chincona experimental plantation1350 m above sea level and andysol type soil. The experiment started from November 2013 â€“ Februari 2014 Â in produced tea area with 1.080 plant population. Material plantswere GMB 4 clones with second pruning year and 12 days plucking interval. The experiment was arranged on randomized block design with 9 treatments and 3 replicate. Foliar fertilizer and pesticide combination which has been examinedÂ were Â (1) Methomyl 25% (control), (2) Methomyl 25% + Zn 1%, (3) Methomyl 25% + Zn 2%, (4) Methomyl 25% + N 1%, (5) Methomyl 25% + N 2%, (6) Methomyl 25% + N 1% + Zn 1%, (7) Methomyl 25% + N 1% + Zn 2%, (8) Methomyl25% + N 2% + Zn 1%and (9) Methomyl25% + N 2% + Zn 2. Spraying application done every after plucking. The resultsÂ showed that skiffing treatment can control the tea plantation that infested by pest and stimulate the new bud growth. The resultsÂ also showed that productivity increased significantly up to37, 48 % (2.781 gr/40 plants) when the plants were treated with Methomyl + N 1% + Zn 2%.But,the increased production is accompanied by an increase of banjhi because plant still using their nutrition to recovering after pest infested. The weight of pecco which grown from theÂ lateral buds is relatively small because of skiffing. Bud growth rate after given treatment was obtained only 3-4 cm/ 6 days caused by lack of light intensity at the time of reserached
МОНГОЛД ҮЙЛ АЖИЛЛАГАА ЯВУУЛЖ БУЙ ШИНЭ ШАШНЫ ХӨДӨЛГӨӨНҮҮДИЙН ГИШҮҮДДЭЭ НӨЛӨӨЛӨХ АРГА, ТҮҮНЭЭС СЭРЭМЖЛЭХ НЬ
Authors: С.Дэмбэрэл  
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
The article mentions the current Mongolian social and economic conditions and foreign, domestic circumstances of spreading the new religious movements in the country. It classified and clarified list of common names of new religious movements, which are functioning in Mongolian society and highlighted some negative effects, they might impact society. This writing based on American psychologist Margaret Singer’s the study on the brain washing, mind control methods used by new religious movements.
Toksisitas insektisida organofosfat terhadap mortalitas Ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio L.)
Authors: Seftiani Nesa , Purwoko Agus , Junaidi Endri , Arwinsyah Arwinsyah , Hanfiah Zazili , Lamin Syafrina 
Published: February 2023

Organofosfat merupakan zat kimia sintetis yang terkandung dalam pestisida untuk membasmi hama. Organofosfat terdiri dari ester asam fosfat atau tiofosfat yang toksik secara akut terhadap hewan bertulang belakang seperti ikan, burung, cicak, dan mamalia. Salah satu contoh insektisida organofosfat dengan merek dagang yaitu Dursban 200EC dengan bahan aktif berupa klorpirifos. Ikan mas (Cyprino carpio L.) merupakan salah satu jenis organisme yang hidup di air tawar. Ikan mas memiliki tingkat sensitivitas yang tinggi dan rentan terhadap perubahan lingkungan, sehingga adanya pencemaran dari limbah insektisida berpotensi membunuh ikan mas tersebut. Penelitian telah dilaksanakan pada bulan januari 2021 sampai dengan februari 2021. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu metode eksperimental menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dan diberi perlakuan menggunakan uji statik (non renewal). Kelompok eksperimen diberi beberapa perlakuan dalam jangka waktu tertentu, setelah itu dilakukan pengamatan dan analisis variabel terikat terhadap variabel bebas dan kontrol. Penelitian menggunakan insektisida organofosfat dengan masing-masing konsentrasi 0 ml/L (kontrol) ; 0,25 ml/L ; 0,75 ml/L ; 1,25 ml/L dan 1,75 ml/L dan diamati setiap 24 jam, 48 jam, 72 jam, dan 96 jam. Analisa data yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah analisis varian dan uji lanjut Post Hoc Test (LSD).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada waktu paparan 24 jam didapatkan nilai LC50 sebesar 0944 ml/L, nilai LC50 48 jam sebesar 0,681 ml/L, nilai LC50 72 jam sebesar 0,095 ml/L, dan LC50 96 jam sebesar 1,529 ml/L. Nilai TUa yang didapat dari pemaparan selama 24, 48, 72 dan 96 jam berturut-turut yaitu sebesar 1,059 ; 1,468 ; 10,52 ; 0,654. Hasil analisis statistik dengan ANOVA diketahui bahwa konsentrasi 0,25 ml/L, 0,75 ml/L, 1,25 ml/L, 1,75 ml/L menyebabkan kematian ikan mas secara signifikan. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah ikan mengalami stres dan kehilangan keseimbangan, gerakan melemah, sisik berlendir, operculum terbuka, insang menjadi pucat sehingga ikan kekurangan oksigen, hingga mengalami kematian. Lethal Consentration (LC50) dari insektisida organofosfat selama 24 jam sebesar 0,944 ml/L, 48 jam sebesar 0,681 ml/L, 72 jam sebesar 0,095 ml/L, dan 96 jam sebesar 1,529 ml/L. Konsentrasi pertama yang memiliki dampak nyata terhadap ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio L.) yaitu 0,25 ml/L. Konsentrasi yang mulai berpengaruh terhadap mortalitas ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio L.) yaitu 0, 25 ml/L, Semakin tinggi konsentrasi yang diberikan maka semakin tinggi mortalitas ikan mas. Artinya penggunaan insektisida organofosfat dengan konsentrasi 2 ml/L bersifat sangat toksik terhadap hewan non target.