bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inorganic Halide Perovskite Quantum Dots: A Versatile Nanomaterial Platform for Electronic Applications
Authors: Huang Chien-Yu , Li Hanchen , Wu Ye , Lin Chun-Ho , Guan Xinwei , Hu Long , Kim Jiyun , Zhu Xiaoming , Zeng Haibo , Wu Tom 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMetal halide perovskites have generated significant attention in recent years because of their extraordinary physical properties and photovoltaic performance. Among these, inorganic perovskite quantum dots (QDs) stand out for their prominent merits, such as quantum confinement effects, high photoluminescence quantum yield, and defect-tolerant structures. Additionally, ligand engineering and an all-inorganic composition lead to a robust platform for ambient-stable QD devices. This review presents the state-of-the-art research progress on inorganic perovskite QDs, emphasizing their electronic applications. In detail, the physical properties of inorganic perovskite QDs will be introduced first, followed by a discussion of synthesis methods and growth control. Afterwards, the emerging applications of inorganic perovskite QDs in electronics, including transistors and memories, will be presented. Finally, this review will provide an outlook on potential strategies for advancing inorganic perovskite QD technologies.
A Flexible Tribotronic Artificial Synapse with Bioinspired Neurosensory Behavior
Authors: Zeng Jianhua , Zhao Junqing , Bu Tianzhao , Liu Guoxu , Qi Youchao , Zhou Han , Dong Sicheng , Zhang Chi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAs key components of artificial afferent nervous systems, synaptic devices can mimic the physiological synaptic behaviors, which have attracted extensive attentions. Here, a flexible tribotronic artificial synapse (TAS) with bioinspired neurosensory behavior is developed. The triboelectric potential generated by the external contact electrification is used as the ion-gel-gate voltage of the organic thin film transistor, which can tune the carriers transport through the migration/accumulation of ions. The TAS successfully demonstrates a series of synaptic behaviors by external stimuli, such as excitatory postsynaptic current, paired-pulse facilitation, and the hierarchical memory process from sensory memory to short-term memory and long-term memory. Moreover, the synaptic behaviors remained stable under the strain condition with a bending radius of 20 mm, and the TAS still exhibits excellent durability after 1000 bending cycles. Finally, Pavlovian conditioning has been successfully mimicked by applying force and vibration as food and bell, respectively. This work demonstrates a bioinspired flexible artificial synapse that will help to facilitate the development of artificial afferent nervous systems, which is great significance to the practical application of artificial limbs, robotics, and bionics in future.
More Than Words: An Integrated Framework for Exploring Gestures’ Role in Bilinguals’ Use of Two Languages for Making Mathematical Meaning
Authors: Krause Christina M. , Farsani Danyal 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGestures play a role in perception, production, and comprehension of language and have been shown to differ cross-linguistically and cross-culturally in aspects of performance and form-meaning relationships. Furthermore, gestures can serve as analytical tools to access tacit embodied-imagistic mathematical meanings that add to verbal-linguistic dimensions of meaning. At the same time, language plays important roles in interaction and cognition, influencing bilinguals’ learning of mathematics. Still, there is only very little research attending to the use of gestures of multilinguals as means to better understand the relationships between their language use and their mathematical thinking. This paper builds on research on multilingualism and on gestures—related and unrelated to mathematics education—to motivate and develop a framework for understanding better mathematics thinking and learning of multilinguals through integrating gesture analysis as related to languages, culture, and the use of registers. The application of this framework will be illustrated through two case studies in which we analyse interview data of a bilingual student and a bilingual mathematics teacher—focusing on gestures and language use while talking about the mathematical concept of ‘power’—or exponents—in Farsi (Persian) and in English. From analyzing the gestures’ form-meaning relations and their functions as related to hybrid language practices, we hypothesize on the vernacular and mathematical context as activated in both speech and gesture and on how it relates to mathematical meaning. From this, we draw practical implications for multilingual mathematical learning contexts and discuss implications for research on multilinguals’ mathematical thinking and learning.
Trends in climatic and hydrological parameters in the Ajora-Woybo watershed, Omo-Gibe River basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Toma Meseret Bekele , Belete Mulugeta Dadi , Ulsido Mihret Dananto 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAbstractThe identification of hydro-meteorological trends is essential for analyzing climate change and river discharge at the watershed level. The Ajora-Woybo watershed in Ethiopia was studied for long-term trends in rainfall, temperature, and discharge at the annual, monthly, and seasonal time scales. The rainfall and temperature data extend 1990 to 2020, whereas the discharge data span from1990 to 2015. The Pettitt and Standard Normal Homogeneity Test (SNHT) tests were used to determine homogeneity. The Mann–Kendall and Sen's slope tests, as well as numerous variability measures, were then employed for trend analysis. The degree of relationship between climate variables and river discharge was determined using Pearson correlation coefficients (r). Inhomogeneity was discovered in annual rainfall data from the Angacha and Areka stations. Rainfall and discharge showed insignificant trends over time, with increasing and decreasing variability across stations. Monthly rainfall decreasing trends were observed to be significantly falling in February and March. Rainfall and runoff increase just insignificantly during the Kiremt season. On the other hand, minimum, maximum, and mean annual temperatures showed significant trends with annual increases of 0.01 °C, 0.04 °C, and 0.025 °C, respectively. In this study, the relationships between discharge and temperature and rainfall were found to be moderate and minimal, respectively. Generally, the results of the long-term examination of the hydrological and climate parameters in the watershed show that water resources vary throughout and over time. As a result, designing strategies require due attention.Article highlightsHydrological and meteorological parameters are essential for analyzing trends in water resource and climate change at the watershed level.Mann-Kendall and Sen's slope tests, along with a number of variability measures, were utilized in conjunction with the time series analysis approach for trend analysis.The analysis of the rainfall, temperature, and discharge in the watershed's data generally demonstrates how the availability of water resource varies over time. Designing suitable plans for water resource management and sustainable development in the watershed is therefore essential.
Roadmap and challenges for reinforcement learning control in railway virtual coupling
Authors: Basile Giacomo , Napoletano Elena , Petrillo Alberto , Santini Stefania 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe ever increasing demand in passenger and freight transportation is leading to the saturation of railway network capacity. Virtual Coupling (VC) has been proposed within the European Horizon 2020 Shift2Rail Joint Undertaking as a potential solution to address this problem. It allows to dynamically connect two or more trains in a single convoy, thus reducing headway between them. In this work, we investigate the main challenges related to the potential deployment of VC in railways. Its feasibility through Reinforcement Learning techniques is explored, discussing about technical implementation and performance issues. A qualitative analysis based on a Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient control algorithm is proposed. The aim is to give a first insight towards the definition of a qualitative and technology roadmap which could lead to the deployment of artificial intelligence applications aiming at enhancing rail safety and automation.
Soil water balance and wettability methods in soil treated with biochar and/or compost
Authors: de Jesus Duarte Sara , Hubach Alena , Glaser Bruno 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe impacts of biochar application in combination with compost on soil hydrological conditions such as infiltration, water-storage capacity, and methods of soil wettability, are not well understood. The aim of this study was to fill this knowledge gap and propose the best composition proportion of compost and/or biochar to improve sand soil water balance. For this purpose, we examined three different mixtures of sand and compost and six different mixtures of sand, compost, and biochar with respect to their wettability and water infiltration using tree methods, (I) Water Droplet Penetration Time Test (WDPT test), (II) Wilhelmy Plate Method (WPM) and (III) Capillary Rise Method (CRM) applied at different soil water potential (pF) levels. The different mixtures were characterized by texture, bulk density, field capacity, and soil water holding capacity through measurement of the water content of soil columns. Increasing biochar plus compost or compost alone had contributed to increasing the soil water holding capacity and water available content. The best composition with the highest water storage capacity, plant-available water, and wettability was: 0.6% of biochar, 5.4% soil organic matter (SOM), and 93.99% of sand. According to the WDPT test, the increased content of biochar contributed to improving the soil wettability, this test was preferred since 1) WDPT appeared to allow the best estimates of wetting behavior of the different mixtures, 2) the column samples were the least disturbed, and 3) the test was particularly feasible at different water content levels. However, WDPT was strongly dependent on the conductor of the experiment and the accurate measurement of short infiltration times (0s - 2s) proved challenging. The WDPT results indicate that biochar might enhance the infiltration capacity under natural conditions and the combined results indicate that biochar-compost-applications are not expected to cause ecologically critical hydrophobicity or a critical lowering of the sandy soil infiltration capacity.
Graphical abstract
Variations in hydraulic efficiency of the subglacial drainage landsystem control surging and streaming regimes of outlet glaciers
Authors: Ravier Édouard , Lelandais Thomas , Vérité Jean , Bourgeois Olivier 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSurging and streaming of glaciers are modulated by meltwater availability and pressure which controls mechanical coupling at their beds. Using laboratory-scale experimental modelling and palaeoglaciological mapping, we explore how subglacial drainage landsystems control meltwater drainage efficiency and ice flow velocities for terrestrial-based ice lobes resting on flat horizontal and permeable beds. Two end-members regimes, surging and streaming, appear in our experiments. The surge regime is characterised by a rapid increase of drainage efficiency through development of tunnel valleys and their tributaries, thus reducing the duration of ice flow speed-up events by lowering water pressures and increasing ice-bed coupling. Tunnel valleys connected to ice lobe margins, submarginal thrust moraines, reduced ice lobe extensions and ephemeral shear margins are the most distinctive characteristics of this regime. The stream regime is characterised by disconnected channels of smaller dimensions unable to evacuate all the meltwater: this prolonged drainage inefficiency leads to sustained high ice flow velocity and steady shear margins. Small and rectilinear meltwater channels devoid of tributaries, often disconnected from ice lobe margins, and lineation swarms are diagnostic of this regime.
Subsistence Emissions and Climate Justice
Authors: Duus-Otterström Göran 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe climate justice literature typically endorses a moral right to produce subsistence emissions, but this right appears problematic considering how urgent it has become to reduce all emissions. It seems that we are currently facing a dilemma between respecting people's right to subsistence and keeping emissions within a reasonably safe budget. This article argues, however, that there is no reason why a moral permission to produce subsistence emissions must be accompanied by an exemption from responsibility. Even when we are dealing with subsistence emissions, we can demand that people correct for having emitted if they can do so without jeopardizing their own vital interests. This reduces the tension between the right to produce subsistence emissions and avoiding very significant climate change. If many emitters offset their subsistence emissions or contribute to adaptation and compensation because of them, the negative consequences of recognizing this right are tempered when it comes to both mitigating climate change and responding to its adverse effects.
Adaptive hyperball Kriging method for efficient reliability analysis
Authors: Yang I-Tung , Prayogo Handy 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Although an accurate reliability assessment is essential to build a resilient infrastructure, it usually requires time-consuming computation. To reduce the computational burden, machine learning-based surrogate models have been used extensively to predict the probability of failure for structural designs. Nevertheless, the surrogate model still needs to compute and assess a certain number of training samples to achieve sufficient prediction accuracy. This paper proposes a new surrogate method for reliability analysis called Adaptive Hyperball Kriging Reliability Analysis (AHKRA). The AHKRA method revolves around using a hyperball-based sampling region. The radius of the hyperball represents the precision of reliability analysis. It is iteratively adjusted based on the number of samples required to evaluate the probability of failure with a target coefficient of variation. AHKRA adopts samples in a hyperball instead of an n-sigma rule-based sampling region to avoid the curse of dimensionality. The application of AHKRA in ten mathematical and two practical cases verifies its accuracy, efficiency, and robustness as it outperforms previous Kriging-based methods.
Early developmental profiles of sensory features and links to school-age adaptive and maladaptive outcomes: A birth cohort investigation
Authors: Chen Yun-Ju , Sideris John , Watson Linda R. , Crais Elizabeth R. , Baranek Grace T. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSensory-based subtypes among autistic children have been well documented, but little is known about longitudinal sensory subtypes beyond autistic populations. This prospective study aimed to identify subtypes based on trajectories of parent-reported sensory features measured at 6–19 months, 3–4, and 6–7 years of age among a community-based birth cohort (N = 1,517), and to examine their associations with school-age clinical and adaptive/maladaptive outcomes on a subset sample (N = 389). Latent class growth analysis revealed five trajectory subtypes varying in intensity and change rates across three sensory domains. In contrast to an Adaptive-All Improving subtype (35%) with very low sensory features and overall better school-age outcomes, an Elevated-All Worsening subtype (3%), comprised of more boys and children of parents with less education, was associated with most elevated autistic traits and poorest adaptive/maladaptive outcomes. Three other subtypes (62% in total) were generally characterized by stable or improving patterns of sensory features at mild to moderate levels, and challenges in certain outcome domains. Our findings indicate that characterizing children based on early sensory trajectories may contribute to earlier detection of subgroups of children with sensory challenges who are more likely to experience developmental challenges by school age, followed by early targeted interventions for improved long-term outcomes.
COVID-19 lockdown and municipal solid waste: evidence from the discarding records of 252 communities in China
Authors: Kong Dongmin , Liu Chenhao , Han Ling 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the impacts of the COVID-19 lockdown on municipal solid waste (MSW). Based on a unique data set of daily discarding records of 252 communities in Beijing, China, we conduct a difference-in-differences estimation and find that the total daily MSW decreased by 134.16 kg in a community, which is equivalent to at least 0.22 kg per household per day, and the average weight of MSW per package decreased by 56.8 per cent after the COVID-19 lockdown. We consider a series of potential mechanisms, such as MSW hoarding, shifts in discarding time, and fear of going out, and find the most support for consumption pattern shifts with reduced consumption. We then discuss the effect of the lockdown on the reduction of MSW generation because of the strict restriction of consumption. We also conduct various heterogeneity analyses. Our results present clear implications for municipal waste management by highlighting the effect of the lockdown on the generation of MSW and the underlying consumption mechanism.
Advice for a Young Scientist
Authors: Wolf R. A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMy career has included astrophysics and space physics, always with a theoretical emphasis. My first papers calculated nuclear reaction rates in dense stars, particularly neutron stars, but I branched out to other areas or theoretical astrophysics. However, most of my work was in the plasma physics of the magnetosphere and ionosphere of the Earth. The central theme of my work in space physics is the Rice Convection Model (RCM). This paper very briefly describes the development of the RCM, which involved many colleagues over the course of more than 50 years, in which our understanding of magnetospheric physics advanced dramatically. However, this present paper is not organized in terms of a chronicle of technical advances. It is organized in terms of what I think I learned in my career.
Blowing Snow at McMurdo Station, Antarctica During the AWARE Field Campaign: Multi‐Instrument Observations of Blowing Snow
Authors: Loeb Nicole A. , Kennedy Aaron 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn polar regions, blowing snow (BLSN) can play a substantial role in regional thermodynamics and radiation properties. The extent of the impact depends upon the depth of the BLSN layer, a property that is difficult to measure and not well understood. The West Antarctic Radiation Experiment (AWARE) Field Campaign saw the deployment of a large suite of observational instruments to McMurdo Station, Antarctica, allowing for in‐depth investigation of BLSN. During the year of the campaign, BLSN occurred ∼7.4% of the time. In this study, additional remote sensing observations are used to supplement an existing ceilometer‐based BLSN characterization algorithm creating a multi‐instrument (MI) depth estimation algorithm to yield layer depths with more certainty. Backscatter coefficient and linear depolarization ratios from the micropulse and high spectral resolution lidar (HSRL) are incorporated along with color ratio derived from HSRL backscatter and Ka‐band radar reflectivity observations. This provided estimates of BLSN depth that were less impacted by noise/artifacts in any one set of observations. When applied to the data from AWARE, the MI algorithm yielded an average depth of 168.2 m with ∼60% of plumes less than 200 m in depth. Events occurring with precipitation saw the most value in the additional instruments, with the suite of observations allowing for more separation of BLSN particles from fallstreaks.
Irrigation by Crop in the Continental United States From 2008 to 2020
Authors: Ruess P. J. , Konar M. , Wanders N. , Bierkens M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAgriculture is the largest user of water in the United States. Yet, we do not understand the spatially resolved sources of irrigation water use (IWU) by crop. The goal of this study is to estimate crop‐specific IWU from surface water withdrawals (SWW), total groundwater withdrawals (GWW), and nonrenewable groundwater depletion (GWD). To do this, we employ the PCR‐GLOBWB 2 global hydrology model to partition irrigation information from the U.S. Geological Survey Water Use Database to specific crops across the Continental United States (CONUS). We incorporate high‐resolution input data on agricultural production and climate within the CONUS to obtain crop‐specific irrigation estimates for SWW, GWW, and GWD for 20 crops and crop groups from 2008 to 2020 at county spatial resolution. Over the study period, SWW decreased by 20%, while both GWW and GWD increased by 3%. On average, animal feed (alfalfa/hay) uses the most irrigation water across all water sources: 33 from SWW, 13 from GWW, and 10 km3/yr from GWD. Produce used less SWW (43%), but more GWW (57%), and GWD (27%) over the study time‐period. The largest changes in IWU for each water source between the years 2008 and 2020 are: rice (SWW decreased by 71%), sugar beets (GWW increased by 232%), and rapeseed (GWD increased by 405%). These results present the first national‐scale assessment of irrigation by crop, water source, and year. In total, we contribute nearly 2.5 million data points to the literature (3,142 counties; 13 years; 3 water sources; and 20 crops).
Tissue fluidification promotes a cGAS–STING cytosolic DNA response in invasive breast cancer
Authors: Frittoli Emanuela , Palamidessi Andrea , Iannelli Fabio , Zanardi Federica , Villa Stefano , Barzaghi Leonardo , Abdo Hind , Cancila Valeria , Beznoussenko Galina V. , Della Chiara Giulia , Pagani Massimiliano , Malinverno Chiara , Bhattacharya Dipanjan , Pisati Federica , Yu Weimiao , Galimberti Viviana , Bonizzi Giuseppina , Martini Emanuele , Mironov Alexander A. , Gioia Ubaldo , Ascione Flora , Li Qingsen , Havas Kristina , Magni Serena , Lavagnino Zeno , Pennacchio Fabrizio Andrea , Maiuri Paolo , Caponi Silvia , Mattarelli Maurizio , Martino Sabata , d’Adda di Fagagna Fabrizio , Rossi Chiara , Lucioni Marco , Tancredi Richard , Pedrazzoli Paolo , Vecchione Andrea , Petrini Cristiano , Ferrari Francesco , Lanzuolo Chiara , Bertalot Giovanni , Nader Guilherme , Foiani Marco , Piel Matthieu , Cerbino Roberto , Giavazzi Fabio , Tripodo Claudio , Scita Giorgio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe process in which locally confined epithelial malignancies progressively evolve into invasive cancers is often promoted by unjamming, a phase transition from a solid-like to a liquid-like state, which occurs in various tissues. Whether this tissue-level mechanical transition impacts phenotypes during carcinoma progression remains unclear. Here we report that the large fluctuations in cell density that accompany unjamming result in repeated mechanical deformations of cells and nuclei. This triggers a cellular mechano-protective mechanism involving an increase in nuclear size and rigidity, heterochromatin redistribution and remodelling of the perinuclear actin architecture into actin rings. The chronic strains and stresses associated with unjamming together with the reduction of Lamin B1 levels eventually result in DNA damage and nuclear envelope ruptures, with the release of cytosolic DNA that activates a cGAS–STING (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase–signalling adaptor stimulator of interferon genes)-dependent cytosolic DNA response gene program. This mechanically driven transcriptional rewiring ultimately alters the cell state, with the emergence of malignant traits, including epithelial-to-mesenchymal plasticity phenotypes and chemoresistance in invasive breast carcinoma.