bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-range temperature-controlled transport of ultra-cold atoms with an accelerated lattice
Authors: Absil L , Balland Y , Pereira Dos Santos F 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We report our method for transporting ultracold atoms over macroscopic distances and trapping them back in a vertical mixed trap, consisting of the superposition of a vertical lattice and a transverse confinement beam. The transport is performed with Bloch oscillations allowing us to move up to

25
%

of a sub-micro-Kelvin atomic cloud on a distance of the order of 30 cm, without excessive heating and with an excellent control of its final position. The efficiency is lowered to about

10
%

after trapping them in the vertical mixed trap during extended times.
Interaction and dragging of 2,4-D molecules in SPC/E water by (6,5) carbon nanotubes at ambient pressure
Authors: Castellanos-Aldama André Fabián , González-Melchor Minerva 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We present a computer simulation study of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, interacting with a single-walled (6,5) carbon nanotube in water. Our study was conducted at 1 bar of pressure, and the temperature varied from 280 to 370 K. Pair correlation functions, coordination number, water hydrogen bonding, density, static dielectric constant, and interaction energy between the nanotube and acid molecules, were determined. Mean square displacement and self-diffusion were also obtained. Our results showed that the herbicide molecules and the nanotube form a complex. Pair correlation functions revealed that acid molecules are most likely found at a distance of 7.4 Å from the nanotube and are located within 20 Å of it. Water hydrogen bonding and dielectric behavior of the mixture were similar to those of pure water. The mean square displacement revealed an incipient plateau located between two regions of linear behavior, which might be related to the frequent coming and going of 2,4-D molecules around the nanotube. The diffusion coefficient of 2,4-D was higher than that of the nanotube. Our results show a trend similar to that revealed in experiments on the capture of 2,4-D herbicide by (6,5) carbon nanotubes, indicating that the interaction parameters here used, produce a reasonable description of the calculated properties. As a general conclusion, our data support the idea that using carbon nanotubes in domestic devices for the dragging and removal of 2,4-D herbicide from water might be feasible.
Scalar dark matter vortex stabilization with black holes
Authors: Glennon Noah , Mirasola Anthony E. , Musoke Nathan , Neyrinck Mark C. , Prescod-Weinstein Chanda 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Galaxies and their dark-matter halos are commonly presupposed to spin. But it is an open question how this spin manifests in halos and soliton cores made of scalar dark matter (SDM, including fuzzy/wave/ultralight-axion dark matter). One way spin could manifest in a necessarily irrotational SDM velocity field is with a vortex. But recent results have cast doubt on this scenario, finding that vortices are generally unstable except with substantial repulsive self-interaction. In this paper, we introduce an alternative route to stability: in both (non-relativistic) analytic calculations and simulations, a black hole or other central mass at least as massive as a soliton can stabilize a vortex within it. This conclusion may also apply to AU-scale halos bound to the sun and stellar-mass-scale Bose stars.
Test of conformal theory of gravity as an alternative paradigm to dark matter hypothesis from gravitational
lensing studies
Authors: Ghosh Shubhrangshu , Bhattacharya Mahasweta , Sherpa Yanzi , Bhadra Arunava 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Weyl's conformal gravity theory, which is considered as a compelling alternative to
general relativity theory, has been claimed to describe the observed flat rotation curve feature
of spiral galaxies without the need of invoking dark matter. However, it is important to examine
whether the Weyl theory can also explain the relevant gravitational lensing observations correctly
without considering any dark matter. In this regard, the gravitational bending angle in static
spherically space-time (Mannheim-Kazanas metric) in Weyl theory has been calculated by several
authors over the last two decades, but the results are found largely divergent. In this work, we
have revisited the problem and obtain the correct and consistent expression of the deflection
angle in conformal gravity. Subsequently we perform the gravitational lensing analysis. We compare
the prediction of Weyl gravity with the gravitational lensing observations of the rich galaxy
clusters Abell 370 and Abell 2390 and is found that Weyl theory cannot describe the stated lensing
observations without considering dark matter.
Localization of 𝖴(1) gauge field by non-minimal coupling with gravity in braneworlds
Authors: Zhao Zhen-Hua , Xie Qun-Ying , Fu Chun-E. , Zhou Xiang-Nan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the localization of the U(1) gauge field on Randall-Sundrum-like braneworld models.
The localization of the U(1) gauge field is important because it plays a fundamental role in the branworld theories.
To achieve the localization, we propose a novel action with a non-minimal coupling between the U(1) gauge field and gravity.
We find that the mass spectrum of the gauge field is continuous, without any gap between the zero-mass mode and the massive modes, and except for the zero-mass mode all the massive modes are not localized on the brane.
Furthermore, the massive modes have negative squared masses, indicating they are tachyonic.
Our analysis can be applied to a wide range of thin and thick braneworld scenarios, provided that the five-dimensional spacetime is asymptotically anti-de Sitter.
Inflationary α-attractor models with singular derivative of potential
Authors: Kubota Kei-ichiro , Matsui Hiroki , Terada Takahiro 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A generalization of inflationary α-attractor models (polynomial α-attractor) was recently proposed by Kallosh and Linde, in which the potential involves logarithmic functions of the inflaton so that the derivative of the potential but not potential itself has a singularity.
We find that the models can lead to viable inflationary observables even without the pole in the kinetic term.
Also, the generalization with a pole order other than two does not significantly change the functional form of the potential.
This allows a systematic analysis of the predictions of this class of models.
Our models predict larger spectral index ns
and tensor-to-scalar ratio r than in the polynomial α-attractor: typically, ns
around 0.97–0.98 and r observable by LiteBIRD.
Taking advantage of the relatively large ns
, we discuss the modification of the potential to produce primordial black holes as the whole dark matter and gravitational waves induced by curvature perturbations detectable by LISA and BBO/DECIGO, while keeping ns
in agreement with the Planck/BICEP/Keck data.
Characterisation of hydrophone sensitivity with temperature using a broadband laser-generated ultrasound source
Authors: Bakaric Marina , Ogunlade Olumide , Miloro Piero , Zeqiri Bajram , Cox Benjamin T , Treeby Bradley E 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this work, we present a novel method for characterising the relative variation in hydrophone sensitivity with temperature, addressing a key aspect of measurements in the field of ultrasound metrology. Our study focused on a selection of miniature ultrasonic hydrophones commonly used in medical applications. The method is based on using water as a temperature-sensitive laser-generated ultrasound (LGUS) source for calibration, allowing for flexible characterisation across a wide temperature range. The measurements were performed using both the LGUS method and the established self-reciprocity method. Our results demonstrate good agreement within 5% between the two methods, validating the effectiveness of the LGUS approach. We found that the sensitivity of the tested hydrophones exhibited low temperature dependence less than −0.2% per ∘C within the studied temperature range from 17 ∘C up to 50 ∘C. The presented LGUS method offers greater flexibility than current approaches as it allows for characterisation of membrane hydrophones with small element sizes and non-electrical transducers. By combining the relative sensitivity variation obtained through the LGUS method with the standard calibration at room temperature, absolute values of hydrophone sensitivity can be determined. The expanded uncertainty of our measurements, which was evaluated at temperature intervals of 8 ∘C, was determined to be on average 10%. Our work provides valuable insights into the temperature dependence of hydrophone sensitivity and lays the foundation for further investigations in this area. The LGUS method holds promise for future enhancements, such as increased bandwidth of the LGUS source and frequency domain analysis, to explore the frequency dependency of sensitivity variation with temperature.
Time-dependent collisional radiative modeling of tungsten in the magnetic sheath for erosion diagnosis
Authors: Johnson C.A. , Ennis D.A. , Loch S.D. , Ballance C.P. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Tungsten is the material of choice for the divertors in ITER, SPARC and future fusion reactors. Accurate diagnosis of tungsten erosion and migration is important for first wall life time, slag production and core performance. The addition of a magnetic presheath requires time-dependent collisional radiative effects to be included for accurate neutral tungsten collisional radiative modeling. Gross erosion measurements could be modified by a factor of 10 due to the inclusion of time-dependent effects for ITER relevant divertor conditions. A simple sputtering model and sheath density model are developed to investigate time-dependent collisional radiative effects. Neutral tungsten spectral lines populated from different metastable levels depend on model parameters leading to potential spectroscopic diagnostics of plasma parameters. Electron temperatures inferred from spectroscopic line ratios are in agreement with Langmuir probe measurements in the Compact Toroidal Hybrid.
Recovery of biogas from food waste using treated and untreated anaerobic digestion
Authors: Wid N , Raudin N 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Biogas is an environmentally friendly, clean, and low-cost renewable energy source. This alternate sustainable source can be used for heat, power, or fuel and making it a good alternative for renewable energy. Biogas can be produced through anaerobic digestion of biodegradable organic materials without oxygen and can be improved by performing thermal treatment. In this study, biogas was recovered using treated and untreated food waste. The characterisation of food waste for its suitability for an anaerobic digestion process was studied by its total solids, volatile solids, pH value, and C/N ratio, following the APHA standard. The anaerobic digestion was treated in a water bath at a temperature of 70 °C for 45 minutes. The Biochemical Methane Potential method was conducted to determine the biogas production from treated and untreated anaerobic digestion. The treated and untreated anaerobic digestion were anaerobically digested at a mesophilic temperature of 37 °C and at a speed of 100 rpm for 15 days. The biogas produced was measured daily by using water displacement method. The total production of biogas for treated anaerobic digestion was 198.70 mL, meanwhile for untreated anaerobic digestion was 185.50 mL. Treated anaerobic digestion showed a slightly higher production of biogas in 15 days by 13.2 mL. The biogas yield obtained for treated and untreated anaerobic digestion was 51.21 mL/g and 47.80 mL/g for every 1 g of total wet sample. This study found that thermal treatment of anaerobic digestion helps in the degradation of organic content in food waste for anaerobic digestion, which leads to higher biogas recovery.
Mineral carbonation for carbon dioxide capture and storage using mining waste as feedstock material
Authors: Molahid V L M , Kusin F M , Soomro M H 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Mineral carbonation can be a useful method for sequestering atmospheric carbon dioxide. This study attempts to evaluate the utilization of mining waste as a feedstock for mineral carbonation. Samples of mining waste have been analyzed for their mineralogical and chemical composition, and the amount of potential carbon sequestration was estimated. Mineralogical analysis suggests that the mine waste is composed of Ca-Mg-silicates (anorthite, wollastonite, diopside) and Fe-oxide (hematite and magnetite) minerals, which can be useful for mineral carbonation. Fe2O3 constituted a large portion of oxide compound (39.52-62.94%), with 7.19-15.24% CaO, and 0.10-9.58% MgO. Fe and Ca carbonation efficiency was estimated to be in the range of 4.04-6.45% and 2.38-6.31%, respectively. This corresponds to 60.94-155.44 g FeCO3/kg sample and 63.99-156.04 g CaCO3/kg sample, which can be sequestered from the mine waste. The total amount of CO2 sequestration is between 12.27-44.92 g of CO2 per kg of sample. Therefore, it has been shown that the method has successfully sequestered carbon dioxide into a stable carbonate form that can be stored for the long term. Application of this technology would be useful for reducing the amount of waste generated in the mining industry while mitigating the issue of carbon emissions.
Evaluation of irrigation water quality for paddy cultivation in Bachok, Kelantan
Authors: Norlida M H , Mohamad Shahid S , Jamaliah J , Muhamad Zamir AR , Hasliana K 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Evaluation of irrigation water quality status was conducted in Bachok district, Kemubu Agriculture Development Authority (KADA) from July 2021 to March 2022. Water quality changes in the irrigation canal were examined by measuring several physical and chemical water quality at eight sampling points. The sampling locations are primary irrigation canals used to supply water into the paddy fields. Water quality parameter measured were temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Conductivity, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Ammoniacal Nitrogen (AN), Ca, Na and Mg. This paper aims to discuss irrigation water quality status using Water Quality Index (WQI), National Water Quality Standards (NWQS) and Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR). The results revealed that water quality were within NWQS Class II-IV except DO, AN and TSS in locations with intensive aquaculture. The average Water Quality Index in all sampling points ranged from 66.67-88.18, indicating that all irrigation water samples falls into the category of excellent and adequate water. The SAR values varied from 1.66-10.20, which means that all irrigation water samples were categorized into suitable for irrigation purposes. This work will help the decision makers to better manage irrigation water resources and policy development for paddy cultivation in KADA.
An alternative flood measurement approach: Flood Meter
Authors: Osman M S M , Rizal A I S , Zaini A Z W A , Kadir M A A , Kaamin M 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Flash floods commonly occur in urban areas due to a short period of heavy rainfall associated with the large impervious area and inadequate drainage system. An increase in the uncertainty of predicting flash floods, especially due to climate change, reduces the accuracy of the existing flood forecasting system. In such cases, the affected zone’s actual flood level data is required for more effective flood management and incident response. This study aims to develop a mobile application called Flood Meter to identify flood levels in real-time. It measured the flood level based on object scale and images taken by mobile phones. Although the validation using an actual flood event with three different types of mobile phones shows lack of accuracy but by considered the maximum flood level only 0.17 m and the result keep improving when flood level increase, it shows a potentially good agreement compared with manual measurement. The application can become an alternative method to disseminate accurate real-time flood situations as well as flood data collection for future flood risk management.
Preliminary study on saltwater distribution of lowland area at West Coast, Johor Malaysia
Authors: Ismail Nor Suhaila , Musa Sabariah 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Saltwater intrusion is a severe concern in coastal locations that pose a threat to the groundwater environment. Climate change, tidal effects, and groundwater exploitation all have the potential to disrupt the balance of salt water and fresh water in coastal aquifers which is the result of seawater intrusion that included the studies area. The sea-level rise is regarded as a cause that can enhance saltwater interface inland migration. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess saltwater intrusion in a zone mapping through the open channel distribution. This is qualified for monitoring a saltwater intrusion around West Johor which is approximately 10 km especially Batu Pahat, Johor such as Parit Botak, Parit Hailam Laut, Kampung Bahru Laut, Kampung Sri Pantai, and Sungai Senggarang. The salinity parameter was measured by the refractometer salinity instruments in percentage units (ppt) to PSU units. The high and low tides data collection on-site was monitored and analyzed saltwater intrusion distributed data into the interface mapping by using ArcGis 10.8 software. As the result, Kampung Sri Pantai was the highest data in the saline test 3 PSU for high tides and 4 PSU for low tides. However, the saltwater intrusion mapping was distributed through saline data obtained from the display maps to monitor the value of saline water in the study area. The contribution of this study to the community can be maintaining the ecosystem and monitoring existing structures such as tidal water gates and bunds of clean water resources for communities and irrigation purposes.
Discrepancies in estimated flood losses on paddy production: Application of damage models on historical flood records of the Northwest States of Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Rehan B M , Yiwen Mok 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Information of flood damage to crops production is essential for guiding risk-based decisions in reducing future adverse impacts of floods. For paddy, its susceptibility to floods is one of the factors that may influence the loss of paddy’s production. To date, there have been limited studies that have been undertaken to examine in detail how different damage functions (with and without a susceptibility index) influence flood damage estimates of paddy using past recorded flood information. This study attempts to examine flood damage functions of different forms in two conditions: as their stand-alone forms and when being applied for damage and risk estimations. Furthermore, recorded revenues from the past were used to investigate the effects of paddy’s susceptibility to floods on revenues. Historical flood evidence and revenues between 1987 and 2021 occurred on paddy granaries under the Muda Agricultural Development Authority’s (MADA) monitoring located in Perlis and Kedah states of Peninsular Malaysia and were used in this study. Application of three damage functions reveals that the exclusion of susceptibility index from the damage calculation results in significantly overestimations of losses, with a standard deviation reaching as high as 38 and overestimations up to four times that of the function with susceptibility index. The high estimates could hinder the acceptance of risk-based flood assessment (and its results) in flood alleviation decision-making. Furthermore, as the percentage of flooded area increases, the revenue loss increases, indicating the effects of floods on harvested paddy quality. This further highlights the potential role of the susceptibility index in the damage function.
Biohydrogen production from kitchen organic waste via effective pre-treatment process of dark fermentation
Authors: Jais F K A , Hassan S H A , Zamri M F M A , Zulkornain M F , Shamsuddin A H 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This research aims to highlight the effective pre-treatment process for biohydrogen production from kitchen organic waste in dark fermentation. The complexity of the fermentation process through the competing of the metabolic living bacteria requires a dynamical control of the process through the pre-treatment of the substrate’s mixtures. In this research the pre-treatment process parameters and inoculum condition that affect biohydrogen production via dark fermentation process were investigated. The parameter that affects biohydrogen production via the dark fermentation process have also been analysed. The performance of two inoculums from food waste and cow manure were tested with three different pre-treatment processes: thermal, acid and alkaline. Based on the results, the cow manure inoculum was the best-performing inoculum, producing more H2 compared to food waste inoculum. Furthermore, the substrate and inoculum with thermal shock pre-treatment approaches has increased the biohydrogen generation compared to acid and alkaline pre-treatment.
Bioremediation of fibreboard sludge by using bacteria and fungi
Authors: Kadapi Intan Nursyazwani Makmar , Rais Nurul Nasuha Mohd , Kamil Nor Amani Filzah Mohd , Alias Salina 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Sludge produced from the fibreboard industry releases hazardous substances that may damage the environment as well as human health via inhaled air, drinking water, and food consumed. Correspondingly, the aim of this study was to focus on the bioremediation to treat industrial wastewater sludge produced from Evergreen Fibreboard, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor by using bacteria (Sphingobacterium spiritivorum) and fungi (Aspergillus brasiliensis). Three stages of the investigation were performed, which are the collection of raw materials, the preparation of microbes, and sample analysis, including the determination of COD and heavy metals including Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Arsenic (As), Lead (Pb) and Zink (Zn). From the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) test, Aspergillus brasiliensis shows higher potential for sludge bioremediation as 61 mg/L COD was reduced in 14 days compared to the Sphingobacterium spiritivorum which only 31 mg/L was reduced. Meanwhile, the leaching result for heavy metals shows that Zn had the highest concentrations and As was the lowest for 14 and 28 days. Inoculation of Aspergillus brasiliensis shows the lowest leaching concentration for heavy metal elements such as Cr, Cu, As, Pb and Zn compared to Sphingobacterium spiritivorum. The reduction concentrations of these elements are 13%, 22%, 17%, 33% and 6%, respectively. The result shows that the fungi strain has the highest capability to absorb metals compared to the bacteria strain. Indigenous microorganisms in sludge have the lowest potential to reduce COD and heavy metals. However, a combination with the other method such as physical and chemical processes would be recommended to improve the results in the future.
Effects of treatment for raw oil palm shell on compressive strength of oil palm shell concrete
Authors: Ng D C P , Lau T L , Anwar M P , Elleithy W , Hama M F 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper presents test results of thirty-two OPSC (Oil Palm Shell Concrete) cubes cast with OPS (Oil Palm Shell) under different treatment condition and with different cement content. The study concludes that OPSC cast using fully treated (Wash-Dry-Sieve) OPS yields the highest compressive strength, an increase of 65% in comparison with using untreated OPS. The increase in strength can be attributed to 1) Removal of residual oil on OPS surface via washing with detergent, mass 2% of the dry OPS mass, and 2) Removal of sub-2mm particles in OPS via sieving comprising of soil and OPS fibres. OPSC can develop compressive strength at a higher rate with washing, drying and sieving treatment performed on OPS compared with concrete cast with untreated OPS.