bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonworksite Interventions to Reduce Sedentary Behavior among Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Thraen-Borowski Keith M. , Ellingson Laura D. , Meyer Jacob D. , Cadmus-Bertram Lisa 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Sedentary behavior has been identified as a major health risk. Although interventions to reduce time spent sedentary have become increasingly prevalent, the vast majority of this work in adults has been focused on workplace sedentary behavior and often pairs sedentary reduction interventions with increasing physical activity. As research designed to specifically decrease sedentary time that is not limited to the workplace becomes available, identifying strategies and approaches, along with feasibility and efficacy of these interventions, is warranted. Electronic databases were searched for sedentary interventions with eligibility criteria, including (a) interventions designed to explicitly reduce sedentary behavior that were not limited to the workplace, (b) outcomes specific to sedentary behavior, (c) adults at least 18 yr of age, and (d) written in English. A total of 767 full-text manuscripts were identified, with 13 studies meeting all eligibility criteria. Although intervention characteristics and methodological quality varied greatly among studies, 10 of the 13 studies observed a significant reduction in objectively measured sitting time postintervention. In those studies that collected participant feasibility/acceptability data, all reported that the intervention was viewed as “favorable to very favorable,” would use again, and that participant burden was quite low, suggesting that these interventions were feasible. Sedentary behavior interventions not limited to the workplace appear to be largely efficacious. Although results varied with respect to the magnitude of the decrease in time spent sedentary, they are encouraging. However, because of the small body of evidence and the variability of study designs, our ability to make overarching statements regarding “best practices” at this time is limited. Well-controlled trials of longer duration with larger samples, using theoretically based interventions with consistent prescriptions for limiting sedentary time, are needed.
The Ubiquity of the Screen: An Overview of the Risks and Benefits of Screen Time in Our Modern World
Authors: LeBlanc Allana G. , Gunnell Katie E. , Prince Stephanie A. , Saunders Travis J. , Barnes Joel D. , Chaput Jean-Philippe 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Sedentary behavior, and specifically screen-based sedentary behavior, has been a focus for health researchers, engineers, telecommunications companies, gamers, and the media for many years. In recent years, research in this area has proliferated at an exponential rate. On one side, arguments have been made that screen time is harmful to the healthy growth and development of children and youth. On the other side, modern technology has far surpassed any prediction of success and become a fixture of daily living, making life easier and providing opportunities never thought possible. Regardless, screens have become omnipresent in our society, and it is important to understand the risks and the benefits associated with their use. Excessive time spent in various sedentary behaviors can coexists in a lifestyle that includes sufficient levels of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity, but research has shown that for optimal health benefits, individuals should be both physically active and limit their sedentary behaviors (especially screen time). This narrative review provides a brief history of research on sedentary behavior in the context of screen time, the evolution of screens and screen time, highlights the risks and benefits of screen-based sedentary behavior, and provides experimental evidence for reductions in habitual screen time.
The Effect of Postexercise Carbohydrate and Protein Ingestion on Bone Metabolism
Authors: Townsend Rebecca , Elliott-Sale Kirsty J. , Currell Kevin , Tang Jonathan , Fraser William D. , Sale Craig 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
This study aimed to investigate the effect of feeding carbohydrate and protein (CHO + PRO), immediately or 2 h after an exhaustive run, on the bone turnover response in endurance runners. Ten men (age = 28 ± 5 yr, height = 1.74 ± 0.05 m, body mass [BM] = 69.7 ± 6.3 kg) performed treadmill running at 75% V˙O2max, until exhaustion, on three occasions. Blood was collected before and immediately, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 24 h postexercise, for measurement of β-CTX, P1NP, parathyroid hormone, PO4, ACa, and Ca2+. This was a randomized, counterbalanced, placebo-controlled, and single-blinded crossover study. The three trials were (i) placebo (PLA), where the PLA solution was ingested immediately and 2 h postexercise; (ii) immediate feeding (IF), where CHO + PRO (1.5 g·kg−1 BM dextrose and 0.5 g·kg−1 BM whey) was ingested immediately postexercise and PLA 2 h postexercise; and (iii) delayed feeding (DF), where PLA was ingested immediately postexercise and CHO + PRO solution 2 h postexercise. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA and Tukey's HSD post hoc test. At 1 and 2 h postexercise, β-CTX concentrations were lower in the IF trial compared with the DF and PLA trials (P ≤ 0.001). At 3 h postexercise, β-CTX concentrations were higher in the PLA trial compared with the IF (P ≤ 0.001) and DF trials (P = 0.026). At 4 h postexercise, β-CTX concentrations were lower in the DF trial compared with the IF (P = 0.003) and PLA trials (P ≤ 0.001). At 4 h postexercise, P1NP was higher in the IF trial compared with the DF (P = 0.026) and PLA trials (P = 0.001). At 3 h postexercise, parathyroid hormone was higher in the IF trial compared with the DF trial (P ≤ 0.001). After exhaustive running, immediate ingestion of CHO + PRO may be beneficial, as it decreases bone resorption marker concentrations and increases bone formation marker concentrations, creating a more positive bone turnover balance.
Motor Control–based Group Exercise: Can It Be Delivered as Effectively by Lay Leaders?
Authors: Wert David M. , Perera Subashan , Nutini Jean F. , Ricci Edmund M. , Coffman Leslie , Turnquist Rachael , VanSwearingen Jessie , Brach Jennifer 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
On the Move (OTM), a motor control–based group exercise program for community-dwelling older adults, has produced greater gains in mobility compared with a standard group exercise program when delivered by research leaders. The purposes of this study were as follows: 1) to examine the effectiveness of OTM versus a standard program when delivered by lay leaders and 2) to compare the outcomes of OTM when delivered by research versus lay leaders.

Methods
Community-dwelling, medically stable older adults who could walk household distances participated. OTM consisted of warm-up, timing and coordination, strengthening, and stretching exercises. The seated standard program consisted of warm-up, aerobic, strengthening, and stretching exercises. The primary outcome of function and disability was the Late Life Function and Disability Instrument (LLFDI), and for walking ability, the primary outcomes were the 6-min walk test and gait speed.

Results
One hundred twenty-six participants (mean age, 80.7 ± 7.8 yr; gait speed, 0.91 m·s−1) were randomized to OTM (n = 49) or standard (n = 77) programs. When taught by lay leaders, there were no significant between-intervention group differences in any of the outcomes (P > 0.10). Comparing OTM outcomes between leaders, there was a statistical but not clinically meaningful difference in LLFDI disability (1.87 ± 0.89, P = 0.04) when taught by research versus lay leader, and moderate differences (P = 0.06) in LLFDI overall function (1.89 ± 1.02) and gait speed (0.05 ± 0.03). Qualitative interview responses suggest that instructor-related concerns may have affected program outcomes.

Conclusions
When delivered by lay leaders, OTM was not more effective than a standard program for improving function, disability, and mobility in older adults. Health promotion programs designed to improve mobility in community-dwelling older adults and based on a motor control theoretical background may be best taught by rehabilitation professionals.
Implementing Resistance Training in Secondary Schools: An Exploration of Teachers' Perceptions
Authors: Kennedy Sarah G. , Smith Jordan J. , Hansen Vibeke , Lindhout Mirte I.C. , Morgan Philip J. , Lubans David R. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Schools are considered ideal locations to deliver public health interventions. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine teachers' perspectives regarding reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance of the Resistance Training for Teens (RT for Teens) program to aid in evaluating program translation.

Methods
Semistructured interviews were completed with a random subsample of 19 teachers who had attended RT for Teens program training. Questions were focused on key translational elements of the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance framework. A hybrid deductive–inductive thematic analysis was conducted to explore teachers' perspectives regarding the effect of RT for Teens.

Results
RT for Teens had an extensive reach via a number of delivery modes, including physical education, school sport, and elective physical activity courses. Teachers reported high levels of student enjoyment, engagement, and motivation during program delivery. The RT for Teens workshop provided teachers with new knowledge, relevant skills and teaching techniques, and improved confidence to teach health-related fitness activities. Barriers identified by teachers included staffing issues as well as lack of time and motivation (student and teacher). Provision of resources, more specifically the exercise circuit cards, was the main facilitator of program implementation. Most teachers indicated their intention to continue implementing program components, also referring to sharing program resources with fellow staff. However, it is unknown to what extent they were implemented.

Conclusions
Interviews with teachers have provided rich data to support the translational journey of the RT for Teens program, as it continues to progress through the dissemination phase. Information gathered from these interviews will assist in guiding future improvements in the design and delivery of school-based physical activity interventions.

Trial Registration
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry No: ACTRN12615000360516.
Intracompartmental Pressure Measurements in 501 Service Members with Exercise-related Leg Pain
Authors: Zimmermann Wes O. , Ligthert Emilia , Helmhout Pieter H. , Beutler Anthony , Hoencamp Rigo , Backx Frank J.G. , Bakker Eric W.P. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) is one of the recalcitrant overuse injuries of the legs. CECS is traditionally diagnosed with an intracompartmental pressure measurement (ICPM). The primary objective of this article was to report the relationship between exertional compartment pain and intracompartmental pressure in young service members. This study is a descriptive analysis of patient records from a central military hospital from 2013 to 2016 (study design: historic cohort; level of evidence, 3). A total of 573 young service members with exercise-related leg pain were evaluated. An ICPM of at least one muscular compartment was performed in 501 patients (87%) 1 min after a standardized running test. CECS (32%), medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) + CECS (27%), and MTSS (21%) were the most common diagnoses. In the CECS category, most patients (68%) had ICPM values >35 mm Hg in both anterior and deep posterior compartments, 22% had isolated CECS of the anterior compartments, and the others had combinations of pressures >35 mm Hg in one or more of the four leg compartments (9%). Comparison of exertional pain scores with the ICPM showed a negligible correlation for the anterior compartments (Spearman rank correlation coefficient = 0.257, confidence interval = 0.191–0.327). Service members rated needle pain of the ICPM procedure as moderate: median pain rating 5 out of 10 (range 1–10). This score did not significantly differ between men and women (P = 0.409) and was not different if only anterior compartment versus multiple compartments were measured (P = 0.236). There is a negligible correlation between exertional compartment pain level and intracompartmental pressure in the leg. Current advice to avoid or minimize ICPM due to needle pain concerns does not appear warranted.
Evaluation of the BAI using ADP in African American Females
Authors: Tyo Brian M. , Mangum Michael 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the agreement between body adiposity index (BAI) and body fat percentage using air displacement plethysmography (ADP) in African American females.MethodsSeventy-two African American females (28.9 ± 10.2 yr) participated in the study. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the relationships among waist circumference, hip circumference (HC), BAI, body mass index (BMI), and %BFADP. Bland–Altman plots were generated to analyze agreement between BAI and %BFADP.ResultsBAI and BMI were highly correlated with each other and %BFADP. BAI was more accurate in African American females within the normal BMI category but underestimated more in overweight and obese categories. However, the number of false-negative results when evaluating obesity was the same for BAI and BMI within this sample, which suggests their value as a clinical tool may be similar. HC was correlated with %BFADP. However, waist circumference correlated stronger than HC in the obese group.ConclusionThe strong correlations of BAI and BMI to body fat percent were similar to previous studies in other races/ethnicities and methods. BAI underestimates body fat percent more with increasing levels of adiposity possibly because of the accumulation of fat in areas not captured by an HC measure.
Occupational Differences in Barriers and Incentives for Routine Exercise among Municipal Workers
Authors: Melton Bridget F. , Kessinger T. Kent , Ryan Greg A. , Riggs Amy Jo 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recommends that employers create healthy worksites through promotion wellness programs that included routine exercise, daily physical activity, and nutritional education among other initiatives.

Purpose
This study aimed to identify barriers and incentives of routine exercise in varying occupations among rural municipal workers in Southeast Georgia.

Methods
A cross-sectional research design was used to evaluate the barriers and incentives for exercise among rural municipal workers in a rural setting. The four occupational departments used for analysis were as follows: fire, police, public works, and administration/other. An electronic survey was sent to all 309 workers on November 2016. The survey asked for participants to rank 10 common exercise barriers and incentives. One-hundred and twenty-three (~40%) complete responses were used for analysis.

Results
Based on a personal ranking, lack of time to exercise (mean = 2.2), inconvenient time/location of a facility (2.5), and no motivation (5.3) were found to be the top three barriers across all employees. No significant differences (P > 0.05) between departments were found for nine of the exercise barrier rankings. “Cost is too much” was only significantly different result found (P = 0.019) between departments, with fire department reporting lower than the other departments. Another barrier approaching significance was “feel awkward exercising” (P = 0.054).

Conclusions
The results suggest that a variation of motivators and incentives, depending on occupational responses, could be a successful means of improving exercise in all employees, instead of implementing a single motivating tactic based on the raw majority.
A Ordem Jurídica Nacional de 1930 a 1933
Authors: Corrêa Oscar Dias 
Published: August 2023

1 - O mundo no período pré-Revolução de 1930. 2 - Conseqüênciasno Brasil. 3 - A prova dos liberalismos. 4 - A revisão de 1926. 5 - O movimento de 1930. 6 - O Governo Provisório, o Decreto 19.398 e o poder absoluto do chefe do Governo. .. 7- . .. como Executivo e Legislativo. 8 - A centralização absoluta. 9 - A proteção dos negócios privados. 10 - Poderes ilimitados, mantendo a república federativa. 11 - A intervenção no Judiciário. 11.1 - A reorganização do Supremo Tribunal Federal. 11.2 - O afastamento de Ministros e Juízes. 11.3 - A repercussão na Corte. 11.4 - O pronunciamento de H ermenegildo de Barros. 11.5 - Ainda o STF. 12.1 - A instituição da Justiça Eleitoral. 12.2 - A prescrição qüinqüenal das dívidas da Fazenda Pública. 12.3 - Ascontas correntes em moeda estrangeira. 12.4 - Outros decretos. 13 - A convocação das eleições para a Assembléia Constituinte e a Comissão do Anteprojeto de Constituição.
Licitação - Contratos - Empresa pública - Registros contábeis - Despesa pública
Authors: Grau Eros Roberto 
Published: August 2023

- Não se aplicam à Embratur, como empresa pública, as normas do Decreto-lei n.O 200/67, relativas a licitações e contratações.- Também não se aplicam as normas da Lei n.O 4320/64, sobre rescisões contábeis e processamento de empresa pública.
Rio estadual - Hidrovia - Concessão federal
Authors: Azevedo Eurico de Andrade 
Published: August 2023

- A implantação de hidrovia em rio que tem nascente e foz em território do estado é obra pública estadual, independendo de autorizaçãoda União, sujeitando-se, porém, às normas federais sobre navegação fluvial e regime de portos.- Havendo conveniência de interligação com rio de outra bacia de domínio federal, o instrumento jurídico adequado é a concessão.- A fixação de tarifa é ato privativo do titular do domínio e sua unificação far-se-á mediante acordo.
O poder judiciário e a nova carta constitucional
Authors: Falcão Djaci 
Published: August 2023

1. Introdução. 2. Criação de uma Corte Constitucional. 3. O SupremoTribunal Federal como gudião da Carta Polt"tica. 4. Ação direta paradeclaração da inconstitucionalidade em tese e por via de exceção. Suaeficácia. Competência do Supremo Tribunal Federal e do Senado Federal.5_ Aspectos da amplitude da competência do Tribunal Superior deJustiça e a tradicional e correta competência do Supremo Tribunal Federal. Avocação de causas. 6. O papel do Sl4premo Tribunal em face da Constituição e da lei federal. Sua colaboração para o aprimoramento do Poder Judiciário. Criação de Tribunais Regionais Federais. 7. Justiça dos estados. Tribunais de Justiça e Tribunais de Alçada. Valorização da justiça de primeira instância. 8. O Poder Judiciário e a autonomia administrativa e financeira.
O poder judiciário na nova Constituição
Authors: Marinho Josaphat 
Published: August 2023

1. Problema predominante. 2. Composição sem tinomalia. 3. Competência. do Superior Tribunal de Justiça. 4. Posição do Supremo Tribunal Federal 5. Competêncill ampliado do Poder Judicüirio. 6. Múltiplos problemas. 7. O Judiciário e a Constituição.
O Estado Federal Brasileiro na Constituição de 1988
Authors: Ferreira Filho Manoel Gonçalves 
Published: August 2023

l. Introdução; 2. A autonomia do estado-membro e seu poder deauto-organização; 3. Os limites à auto-organização dos estados-membros no direito pátrio; 4. A repartição de competências, particularmente a competência concorrente, no Estado federal brasileiro.
A segurança pública e o aperfeiçoamento da polícia no Brasil
Authors: Lazzarini Álvaro 
Published: August 2023

1. Relação entre segurança pública e ordem pública. 2. As raízes da insegurança pública. 3. A ineficiência da polícia como causa de impunidade. 4. O aperfeiçoamento da prova na fase policial. 5. Ciclo da persecução criminal e ciclo de polícia. 6. Funções de polícia judiciária. 7. Polícia ostensiva e de preservação da ordem pública. 8. Polícias Militares e Corpos de Bombeiros Militares. 9. Órgãos policiais federais. 10. Principais problemas da polícia: violência, corrupção e desvio de finalidade. 11. Atuação das Polícias Civis e Polícias Militares.
A corrupção como fenômeno social e político
Authors: Ferreira Filho Manoel Gonçalves 
Published: August 2023

1 - Observações iniciais. 2 - O conceito de corrupção. 3 - A corrupção na história. 4 - A corrupção como fenômeno social. 5 - A corrupção como fenômeno político. 6 - A corrupção nos países em desenvolvimento. 7 - O fenômeno "corrupção" na experiência brasileira. 8 - Considerações finais.
Estado Federal e Estados Federados na Constituição de 1988 : do equilíbrio federativo
Authors: Velloso Carlos 
Published: August 2023

1. O estado federal: conceito. 2. Estado federal e descentralização do poder. 3. Princípios caracterizadores do federalismo. 4 Pressupostos da existência do estado federal. 5. O estado federal brasileiro. 6. A repartição constitucional de competências: técnicas. 7. A repartição de competências na Constituição de 1988. 8. A competência material exclusiva da União. 8.1. Competência internacional ou de relações internacionais. 8.2. Competência de política de segurança ou de defesa nacional 8.3. Competência econômico-social e financeira. 8.4. Competência de cooperação. 8.5. Competência de comunicações e de prestação de serviços. 8.6. Competência nuclear. 8.7. Competência material comum: União, Estados, Distrito Federal e Municípios. 9. Competência legislativa. 9.1. Competência legislativa exclusiva. 9.2. Competência legislativa de normas gerais. 10. Competência legislativa concorrente da União com os Estados e com o Distrito Federal. 11. Dos Estados-membros: autonomia. 11.1. Da capacidade de autoorganização: princípios limitadores. 11.2. Dos poderes dos Estadosmembros. 12. Dos Municípios: autonomia. 12.1. Competência dos Municípios. 12.2. Da fiscalização do Município. 13. Do Distrito Federal: autonomia. 14. A discriminação constitucional das rendas tributárias. 14.1. Dos tributos: espécies. 14.2. A repartição da competência tributária. 14.3. A distribuição da receita tributária. 15. Do equilíbrio federativo: mecanismos de controle. 15.1. Da intervenção federal nos Estados e no Distrito Federal. 15.2. Da intervenção dos Estados nos Municípios. 15.3. Do controle de constitucionalidade. 15.3.1. Do controle de constitucionalidade na primeira república. 15.3.2. Na Constituição de 1934 15.3.3. Na Constituição de 1946: controle difuso e concentrado 15.3.4. Na Constituição de 1967 e na EC nº 1/69 15.3.5. Na Constituição de 1988: controle misto - difuso e concentrado. 16. Conclusão.
O apelo ao legislador - Appelentscheidung - Na práxis da Corte Constitucional Federal Alemã
Authors: Mendes Gilmar Ferreira 
Published: August 2023

1. Conceito de Apelo ao Legislador. 2. O Apelo ao Legislador e a declaração de inconstitucionalidade sem a pronúncia de nulidade. 3. Tipos de Apelo ao Legislador. 4. O Apelo ao Legislador na ordem constitucional alemã. 5. Conseqüências jurídicas do Apelo ao Legislador.
Mandado de segurança coletivo - Legislação ativa - Partido político
Authors: Acioli Pedro 
Published: August 2023

- Mandado de segurança coletivo. Partido político. Falta de legitimação para a causa, no caso.I - Falta a partido político legitimatio ad causam para impetrar mandado de segurança coletivo, se este não tem por objetivo direitos subjetivos ou interesses atinentes à finalidade partidária. E o que acontece no caso, em que o impetrante alvitra a proteção de direito subjetivos individuais homogêneos de beneficiários da previdência social, ou seja, o pagamento de reajuste de 147 06% a todos os benefícios em manutenção e de prestação continuada. II - Processo que se julga extinto. Superior Tribunal de Justiça
Ministério Público - Requisição de informações - Sigilo fiscal
Authors: Ferraz Junior Tercio Sampaio 
Published: August 2023

A função do Ministério Público, na forma da Constituição de 1988, faculta-lhe requerer informações fiscais como titular de ação penal pública. Exceção ao princípio do sigilo fiscal.Procuradoria Geral da Fazenda Nacional