bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In silico studies of plant primary cell walls – structure and mechanics
Authors: Pieczywek Piotr Mariusz , Chibrikov Vadym , Zdunek Artur 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTPrimary plant cell wall (PCW) is a highly organized network, its performance is dependent on cellulose, hemicellulose and pectic polysaccharides, their properties, interactions and assemblies. Their mutual relationships and functions in the cell wall can be better understood by means of conceptual models of their higher‐order structures. Knowledge unified in the form of a conceptual model allows predictions to be made about the properties and behaviour of the system under study. Ongoing research in this field has resulted in a number of conceptual models of the cell wall. However, due to the currently limited research methods, the community of cell wall researchers have not reached a consensus favouring one model over another. Herein we present yet another research technique – numerical modelling – which is capable of resolving this issue. Even at the current stage of development of numerical techniques, due to their complexity, the in silico reconstruction of PCW remains a challenge for computational simulations. However, some difficulties have been overcome, thereby making it possible to produce advanced approximations of PCW structure and mechanics. This review summarizes the results concerning the simulation of polysaccharide interactions in PCW with regard to network fine structure, supramolecular properties and polysaccharide binding affinity. The in silico mechanical models presented herein incorporate certain physical and biomechanical aspects of cell wall architecture for the purposes of undertaking critical testing to bring about advances in our understanding of the mechanisms controlling cells and limiting cell wall expansion.
Maxillary implant overdenture retained by four unsplinted attachments and opposed by a natural or fixed dentition: Five‐year clinical outcomes. A prospective case series
Authors: Bouhy Alice , Lamy Marc , Altaep Yaman , Lambert France 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to assess, over a period of 5 years, implant prosthesis and patient‐reported outcomes of complete dentures retained by four implant‐supported attachments in the edentulous maxilla facing either natural teeth or fixed rehabilitation in the lower jaw.Materials and MethodsImplant, prosthodontic and patient‐related outcomes were assessed in 30 patients at 1, 3 and 5 years. Prosthodontic survival, complications or maintenance events as well as implant survival were recorded. Patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) were evaluated with the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐20) questionnaire and a visual analogue scale (VAS) before implant placement (baseline) and during the follow‐up period.ResultsAfter 5 years, three patients dropped out, 21 implants failed, and four overdentures were replaced leading to a prosthesis survival rate of 85.2% (95% CI: 71.8%–98.6%) and an implant survival rate of 80.6% (95% CI: 73.1%–88.0%). Prosthodontic success rate decreased from 86.2% to 74% between the 1st and the 3rd year and reached 63% after 5 years. OHIP results improved significantly from baseline to 1 year (p < .0001) and to 3 years (p = .036), but, at 5 years, the improvement was no longer significant when compared to baseline (p = .12). The overall VAS score remained significantly higher up to 5 years (p < .001).ConclusionA substantial number of prosthetic complications and replacements occurred over the 5‐year follow‐up. After 5 years, the OHIP‐20 deteriorated and reached again the baseline level. Nonetheless, the VAS results suggest significantly increased patient satisfaction after implant‐supported retention was provided for the removable prostheses.
Hunting trophy import bans proposed by the UK may be ineffective and inequitable as conservation policies in multiple social‐ecological contexts
Authors: Clark Douglas A. , Brehony Peadar , Dickman Amy , Foote Lee , Hart Adam G. , Jonga Charles , Mbiza Moreangels M. , Roe Dilys , Sandbrook Chris 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe UK government is considering legislation to prohibit the importation of hunting trophies. We examine documented social, ecological, and political outcomes of two previous such bans. We find that the UK government's proposal shares the shortcomings of existing bans that have (1) failed to address, or have even amplified, key threats to hunted species, (2) imposed costs on citizens of other countries, and (3) delegitimized the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). Trophy import bans are blunt policy instruments that can cause more problems than they solve.
Encounters with police drug detection dogs at music festivals amongst people who regularly use ecstasy and/or other illicit stimulants in Australia
Authors: Gibbs Daisy , Peacock Amy , Hughes Caitlin , Grigg Jodie , Chandrasena Udesha , Sutherland Rachel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionDespite increasing evidence challenging the effectiveness and legality of police drug dog operations, these strategies remain common. We aimed to describe drug dog encounters at music festivals, behavioural adaptations taken in anticipation of their presence and consequences of encounters amongst a sample of people who regularly use MDMA/ecstasy.MethodsData were collected via interviewer‐administered questionnaires in April–June 2019. Australians aged 16 years or older who used MDMA/ecstasy and/or other stimulants monthly in the last 6 months were recruited from capital cities via social media and word‐of‐mouth (n = 797). Participants reported recent drug dog encounters, encounter settings and actions taken in anticipation of and in response to encounters.ResultsIn this sample, encounters with drug dogs at festivals were common (60%), with most participants (92%) reporting anticipating the encounter. Most (86%) of this group reported behavioural adaptations to avoid a detection, with concealing drugs well (57%) and consuming prior to entering the festival (20%) most reported. Only 4% of those who expected drug dog presence chose not to carry or consume drugs. One‐quarter (26%) of those who reported an encounter were stopped by police and 4% were searched (bodily/bag search).Discussion and ConclusionMost participants anticipated drug dog presence at festivals, however, were not deterred from carrying or consuming drugs. Some reported adaptations to avoid detection may increase drug‐related health, social and legal harms. Our study suggests drug dog presence at festivals does not deter carriage/use of illegal drugs, and echoes concerns regarding the efficacy and appropriateness of this policing initiative.
Moments of cross‐sectional stock market returns and the German business cycle
Authors: Döpke Jörg , Müller Karsten , Tegtmeier Lars 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBased on monthly data covering the period from 1987 to 2021, we analyse whether cross‐sectional moments of stock market returns may provide information about the future position of the German business cycle. We apply in‐sample forecasting regressions with and without leading indicators as control variables, pseudo‐out‐of‐sample exercises, autoregressive distributed lag models, and impulse‐response functions estimated by local projections. We find in‐sample predictive power of the first and third cross‐section moments for the future growth of industrial production, even if one controls for well‐established leading indicators for the German business cycle. Out‐of‐sample tests show that these variables reduce the relative mean squared error compared with benchmark models. We do not find a long‐run relation between the moment series and industrial production. The dynamic response of industrial production to a shock on the cross‐section moments is in line with the other results.
The use of post‐exam feedback in oral radiology: A survey study of dental and dental hygienist schools in Europe
Authors: Levring Jäghagen Eva , de Lange Thomas , Torgersen Gerald , Møystad Anne , Ahlqvist Jan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionA combination of summative assessments and post‐exam feedback can create a formative environment to support student learning. It remains unknown to what extent feedback sessions are conducted after exams in oral radiology courses for dental and dental hygienist students in Europe. This survey study aimed to explore whether post‐exam feedback sessions were conducted, and if so, in what format.Materials and MethodsA questionnaire was distributed to 76 dental schools in 26 countries and 34 dental hygienist schools in 14 countries in Europe. The questions addressed whether feedback was provided after exams in oral radiology, the feedback format, and whether feedback sessions were formalised or performed for other reasons.ResultsQuestionnaire responses were received from 33 dental schools in 18 countries, and 20 dental hygienist schools in 11 countries. Information about grades was provided in 23–30% of the schools. Post‐exam feedback sessions including opportunities for discussion was provided at 39% of the schools, all with guidelines stating that these sessions should be carried out. The remaining schools provided feedback either on request by individual students or as written examples of correct answers.ConclusionAlmost one third of the dental schools announced grades without providing any post‐exam feedback that could support learning. Two fifth utilised feedback sessions to assist students in gaining knowledge and sorting out misconceptions, all according to guidelines. Given the possible learning potential in post‐exam feedback with opportunity to discuss, further studies of this format would be valuable, including the role and use of feedback guidelines.
Multiple ecosystem service synergies and landscape mediation of biodiversity within urban agroecosystems
Authors: Jha Shalene , Egerer Monika , Bichier Peter , Cohen Hamutahl , Liere Heidi , Lin Brenda , Lucatero Azucena , Philpott Stacy M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEcosystem services (ESs) are essential for human well‐being, especially in urban areas where 60% of the global population will live by 2030. While urban habitats have the potential to support biodiversity and ES, few studies have quantified the impact of local and landscape management across a diverse suite of services. We leverage 5 years of data (>5000 observations) across a network of urban community gardens to determine the drivers of biodiversity and ES trade‐offs and synergies. We found multiple synergies and few trade‐offs, contrasting previous assumptions that food production is at odds with biodiversity. Furthermore, we show that natural landscape cover interacts with local management to mediate services provided by mobile animals, specifically pest control and pollination. By quantifying the factors that support a diverse suite of ES, we highlight the critical role of garden management and urban planning for optimizing biodiversity and human benefit.
Competitive psychological climate, conflict and psychological contract breach
Authors: dos Santos Maria do Céu Colaço , Coelho Filipe , Gomes Jorge F. S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe current study adds to existing knowledge by investigating how competitive psychological climate (CPC) is associated with employees' perceptions of the extent to which their employer has failed to appropriately fulfil the psychological contract. To test the research model, we collected information from 247 employees in eight companies. The findings suggest that CPC has a positive indirect relationship with psychological contract breach (PCB) through task and relationship conflict. Additionally, we find that a significant (and negative) direct relationship between CPC and PCP only emerges after partialling out mediation by task and relationship conflict. These findings contribute new insights to the literature with regards the outcomes of CPC and the antecedents of PCB. Furthermore, the results support existing evidence concerning the complex set of outcomes that have been associated with CPC and also generates novel insights into the outcomes for intragroup conflict.
Plasma neurofilament light significantly decreases following treatment in Lyme neuroborreliosis and is not associated with persistent symptoms
Authors: Mens Helene , Fjordside Lasse , Gynthersen Rosa , Ørbæk Mathilde , Andersen Åse Bengaard , Andreasson Ulf , Blennow Kaj , Sellebjerg Finn , Zetterberg Henrik , Lebech Anne‐Mette 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeCurrently there is an unmet need for a highly standardized blood biomarker test to monitor treatment response in Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB). Differentiating between active or past infection is challenged by the relatively high frequency of persistent symptoms after the end of antibiotic treatment (estimated 15%–20%), the variable clinical course and the long‐lasting Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies. The aim was therefore to evaluate plasma neurofilament light chain (pNfL) as a marker for disease activity in LNB.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort of definite LNB (N = 36) with blood samples and clinical evaluation including Glasgow Outcome Score at treatment initiation and 3 and 6 months’ follow‐up. Consecutive plasma was retrospectively analysed for the content of neurofilament light chain by Quanterix® kits (Simoa® NF‐light Kit).ResultsPlasma neurofilament light chain significantly decreased between treatment initiation and the 3‐month follow‐up (median 83 pg/ml vs. median 14 pg/ml (25 pairs), p < 0.0001). No significant change was observed between 3 and 6 months’ follow‐up (median 14 pg/ml vs. median 12 pg/ml (21 pairs), p = 0.33). At treatment initiation 90% had pNfL above the age‐defined reference compared to only 23% and 7% respectively at 3 and 6 months’ follow‐up. Decreases in pNfL were mirrored by increasing Glasgow Outcome Score. Reporting persistent symptoms at the 6‐month follow‐up was not associated with pNfL (relative change from reference or actual values) at baseline or at 6 months’ follow‐up.ConclusionPlasma neurofilament light chain decreases following antibiotic treatment in LNB and is not associated with reporting persistent symptoms. It was therefore speculated that it may prove useful as a treatment response biomarker in LNB.
Relational recovery after infidelity as a dual process: A model based on the experiences of female injured partners
Authors: Walravens Geertje , Rober Peter 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the literature, relational recovery after infidelity is often described as a process going through different consecutive stages towards a reconciliation. We interviewed 25 injured partners and invited them to look back and talk about what helped them to recover from the pain and the conflicts caused by the relational infidelity of their partner. From their stories—through thematic analysis—four themes emerged: 1. talking, 2.the truth, 3. trust and 4. ethical imbalance. It furthermore struck us how the participants described their recovery process as an experience of being oscillated between connection and disconnection. These findings pointed us in the direction of developing a dual process model that fits with our participants' experiences of recovering after infidelity, while emphasizing the dynamic nature of their stories.
Prevalence of medication administration errors in hospitalized adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis up to 2017 to explore sources of heterogeneity
Authors: Azar Christine , Raffoul Paul , Rizk Rana , Boutros Celina , Saleh Nadine , Maison Patrick 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPrevious estimates to meta‐analyze administration error rates were limited by the high statistical heterogeneity, restricting their use. This study aimed to investigate sources of heterogeneity in pooled administration error rates in hospitalized adults. We systematically searched scientific databases up to November 2017 for studies presenting error rates/relevant numerical data in hospitalized adults. We conducted separate meta‐analyses for the numerators: One Medication Error (OME) (each dose can be correct or incorrect) and Total Number of Errors (TNE) (more than one error per dose could be counted), using the generic inverse variance with a 95% confidence interval. Heterogeneity was assessed using theI2and Cochran'sQtest. We meta‐analyzed 33 studies. The global pooled analyses based on the OME and TNE numerators showed very high heterogeneity (I2 = 100%;p < 0.00001). For each meta‐analysis, subgroup analyses based on study characteristics (countries, wards, population, routes of administration, error detection methods, and medications) yielded results with consistently elevated heterogeneity. Beyond these characteristics, we stratified the studies according to the mean error prevalence level as the threshold. Based on the OME numerator, we identified two subgroups of low (0.15[0.13–0.17];I2 = 0%;p = 0.43) and high (0.26[0.24–0.27];I2 = 38%;p = 0.17) pooled prevalence rates, with controlled heterogeneity. Similarly, for the TNE numerator, we identified two subgroups of low (0.10[0.09–0.10];I2 = 0%;p = 0.76) and high (0.28[0.27–0.29];I2 = 0%;p = 0.89) pooled prevalence rates, with controlled heterogeneity. These subgroups differed regarding the denominators used: Total opportunities for errors versus others (doses, observations, administrations). Calculation methods, specifically the denominator, seem a primary factor in explaining heterogeneity in error rates. Standardizing numerators, denominators, and definitions is necessary.
Compound K: A systematic review of its anticancer properties and probable mechanisms
Authors: Tam Dao Ngoc Hien , Nam Nguyen Hai , Cuong Nguyen The Ky , Hung Dang The , Soa Dang Thi , Altom Ahmad , Tran Linh , Elhadad Heba , Huy Nguyen Tien 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPanax ginseng is a common natural product, which is well‐known to have a wide range of pharmacological activities in cancer. Its metabolite, compound K (CK), has been reported to have anticancer activity. We aimed to systematically review the literature for evidence of anticancer effects of CK. We conducted a systematic search in eight databases. We included all in vitro and in vivo studies investigating the anticancer effects of CK with no restrictions. Quality assessment was applied by ToxRTool. Fifty‐four articles were included in our study. The purity of CK in our included studies was at least 95%. The in vitro studies reported that CK had a potential anticancer activity on several cell lines including human lung cancer cell lines (A549, PC‐9), nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line (Hk‐1), liver cancer cell line (BEL 7402), and pediatric acute myeloid leukemia cell lines (Kasumi‐1, MV4‐11). The in vivo studies reported a significant decrease in tumor volume in mice treated with CK. CK is a potential supplementary treatment in cancer chemotherapies. The safety and further clinical trials of CK should be explored for future drug development.
Teaching classic put to the test: Do tongue twisters work for L2 pronunciation?
Authors: Tergujeff Elina , Kuronen Mikko 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTongue twisters are a controversial pronunciation teaching classic. Whereas some see tongue twisters difficult and frustrating for learners, others find them fun and motivating. This study was inspired by these opposing views and the fact that previous studies have failed to offer convincing proof of whether this technique works for L2 pronunciation learning. This study approaches the question with a teaching experiment. Participants were 28 learners of L2 Swedish. Half of them trained with tongue twisters and half with authentic sentences. Training focussed on two sounds typically difficult for the learners, who were tested before and after the training period. Further, the participants were surveyed to grasp their tongue‐twister experiences. Results reveal that tongue twisters were mostly viewed positively and lead to better pronunciation development than training with authentic sentences. Hence, the study demonstrates that tongue twisters now have research‐based potential as a successful L2 pronunciation teaching technique.
‘To me, it's ones and zeros, but in reality that one is death’: A qualitative study exploring researchers' experience of involving and engaging seldom‐heard communities in big data research
Authors: Teodorowski Piotr , Rodgers Sarah E. , Fleming Kate , Tahir Naheed , Ahmed Saiqa , Frith Lucy 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundBig data research requires public support. It has been argued that this can be achieved by public involvement and engagement to ensure that public views are at the centre of research projects. Researchers should aim to include diverse communities, including seldom‐heard voices, to ensure that a range of voices are heard and that research is meaningful to them.ObjectiveWe explored how researchers involve and engage seldom‐heard communities around big data research.MethodsThis is a qualitative study. Researchers who had experience of involving or engaging seldom‐heard communities in big data research were recruited. They were based in England (n = 5), Scotland (n = 4), Belgium (n = 2) and Canada (n = 1). Twelve semistructured interviews were conducted on Zoom. All interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed, and we used reflexive thematic analysis to analyse participants' experiences.ResultsThe analysis highlighted the complexity of involving and engaging seldom‐heard communities around big data research. Four themes were developed to represent participants' experiences: (1) abstraction and complexity of big data, (2) one size does not fit all, (3) working in partnership and (4) empowering the public contribution.ConclusionThe study offers researchers a better understanding of how to involve and engage seldom‐heard communities in a meaningful way around big data research. There is no one right approach, with involvement and engagement activities required to be project‐specific and dependent on the public contributors, researchers' needs, resources and time available.Patient and Public InvolvementTwo public contributors are authors of the paper and they were involved in the study design, analysis and writing.
How do the skin barrier and microbiome adapt to the extra‐uterine environment after birth? Implications for the clinical practice
Authors: Darlenski Razvigor , Fluhr Joachim W. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe multiple protective functions of the skin derive from the interactions between epithelial skin and immune cells as well as the commensal microbiota. Developed in the last trimester of intra‐uterine life, the skin barrier adapts dynamically after birth. Specific differences in the structure and physiology have been disclosed between infant and adult skin. The stratum corneum of infants is thinner and structured by thicker corneocytes with a more anisotropic surface in comparison to adult skin. Lower levels of the natural moisturizing factor and its constituents, together with the increased protease activity in the epidermis result in dry baby skin and ongoing adaptation of the desquamation to the extra‐uterine environment. Infant epidermis is characterized by an accelerated proliferation rate and clinically competent permeability barrier in term neonates, despite the higher baseline values of transepidermal water loss in infants. The skin surface of newborns is less acidic, which could increase susceptibility to diaper and atopic dermatitis. Immediately after birth, skin is colonized by commensal bacteria—a process dependent on the mode of delivery and of major importance for the maturation of the immune system. Skin bacterial diversity and dysbiosis have been related to different pathology such as atopic and seborrheic dermatitis. This paper focuses on the ongoing structural, functional and biochemical adaptation of the human skin barrier after birth. We discuss the interactions on the ‘skin barrier/ microbiota/ immune system’ axis and their role in the development of competent functional integrity of the epidermal barrier.