bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adverse effects after first and second dose of covishield and covaxin: A longitudinal study
Authors: Mittal Amit , Jain Bhavna , Varshney Amit Mohan , Garg Gagan , Sachan Divyata , Singh Ram Bali 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
COVID-19 vaccines have been rolled out recently in several parts of the world. Although the protective efficacy is frequently discussed, little is known about the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine adverse effects. The study was conducted with the aim to evaluate the occurrence of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) with two doses of covishield and covaxin and to assess factors associated with these adverse effects.

Methods:
A longitudinal study was conducted for a period of three months in the adults above 18 years of age attending rural health training center (RHTC) either to receive their first or second dose of covishield or covaxin. After vaccination, the participants were observed at the health facility for 30 min for any AEFI and also followed up telephonically on seventh day from vaccination. Data was collected on predesigned and pretested questionnaire and appropriate statistical tests were applied.

Results:
Out of 532 participants, 250 (47%) came for their first dose while 282 (53%) came for second dose. In both the groups maximum participation was seen by males and those belonging to age group 18–30 years. Majority of the participants reported local tenderness (39.3%) after first dose of covaxin and fever (30.5%) after first dose of covishield. Mainly significant association was observed after vaccination in participants with comorbidities.

Conclusion:
The short-term adverse events with both the vaccines were observed, but these were mild and short lived. In this context, our study becomes more relevant in disseminating short-term safety data post vaccination. This will help individuals in their decision to accept vaccination.
Prevalence and sociodemographic predictors of perceived family functionality, marital satisfaction and intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 lockdown among married primary healthcare users
Authors: Michael Godpower Chinedu , Suleiman Abdullahi Kabir , Abdulkadir Zainab , Umar Zainab Abdulazeez , Olawumi Abdulgafar Lekan 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on family experiences has not been thoroughly evaluated, given the consequent stressful home environment it reportedly caused that can adversely affect family dynamics. This study examined the prevalence and sociodemographic predictors of perceived family functionality, marital satisfaction and intimate partner violence (IPV) during the lockdown among married healthcare users in a Nigerian primary care setting.

Materials and Methods:
The study was cross sectional. Data were collected randomly from 432 eligible attendees of a primary care clinic in Kano, Nigeria. Information regarding participants’ sociodemographic characteristics, family functioning, marital satisfaction and IPV were measured using a sociodemographic questionnaire, APGAR-, Kansas marital satisfaction- and verbal HITS-scales.

Results:
Respondents’ mean (range) age was 30 (15–70) years; 293 (67.8%) were females. Family dysfunction, marital dissatisfaction and probable IPV were found in 44.2, 56.5 and 50.5% of respondents, respectively. The odds of a functional family were higher among caregiver and female respondents but lower among those aged ≥50 years, students, non-Hausa/Fulani, those with low education and residing outside the Kano metropolis during the lockdown. Marital satisfaction was higher among caregivers and respondents from polygamous families and lower among respondents aged ≥50 years. No studied sociodemographic variable predicted probable IPV.

Conclusion:
There was a high prevalence of family dysfunction, marital dissatisfaction and probable IPV among the respondents during the lockdown. These findings suggest screening married patients for family dysfunction, marital dissatisfaction and IPV during similar lockdowns for appropriate interventions. The predictor variables could form essential considerations for the screening.
Effect of physical health, dietary behaviour and personal hygiene on body mass index of school-going adolescents near Patna, Bihar: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Roy Ria , Pandey Sanjay , Ranjan Alok , Kumar Pankaj , Kumar Pragya , Singh CM 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Body mass index (BMI) is the most frequently used method to determine the nutritional status in adolescents. School-going population in developing countries like India are susceptible to undernutrition due to several socioeconomic, demographic, and nutritional factors. Poor dietary habits, sedentary lifestyles and improper hygiene can have a deleterious effect on their BMI.

Methods:
The aim of the study was to determine any association of BMI with physical health, nutrition, and personal hygiene among the school-going adolescents near Patna, Bihar. Analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 160 school-going adolescents, chosen by stratified random sampling. They were given Indian Adolescent Health Questionnaire which had close-ended questions about physical activity, nutritional, and hygienic practices. BMI was calculated from self-reported height and weight. Pearson’s correlation, independent t test, ANOVA, and Chi-Square test of proportions were done. Significance level was set at P < 0.05.

Results:
Only 39.4% adolescents had normal BMI, and almost half were underweight. Pearson’s correlation of BMI with age showed a weak positive correlation (r = 0.124, P = 0.118). Participants perceiving themselves overweight, did physical exercise to lose weight (P < 0.001), whereas who stated that they rarely consumed cooked vegetables, had the self-perception of being underweight (P = 0.009). This self-perception of their weight, physical activity, handwashing after using toilet/latrine and weekly frequency of brushing teeth significantly predicted the BMI in these adolescents (F = 10.895, df (4,155), P < 0.001, R
2 = 21.9%, Adj. R
2 = 19.9%).

Conclusion:
Malnutrition can lead to infection, impaired reproductive health, anaemia and other long-term morbidities into adulthood. Hence there is need of more objective nutritional assessment in adolescence for prevention of disease burden in the community.
Participatory cooking demonstrations: A distinctive learning approach towards positive health
Authors: Ali Syed Irfan , Begum Jarina , Badusha Mohammad , Reddy E. Srikaanth , Rali Padmavathi , Lalitha D. Lakshmi 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Participatory cooking demonstration is a unique and effective way to teach nutritional concepts and basic cooking skills in a community setting. The present study attempted to develop the same in 4th-year nursing students through the intervention for a better nutritional health outcome. The objectives are to introduce and train nursing students on participatory cooking demonstrations in community households, evaluate the improvement of knowledge and self-efficacy of the participants, and assess the feedback of the study participants towards the intervention.

Methodology:
An educational intervention was carried out among BSc Nursing students in a tertiary healthcare institute from April to June 2019. A sample of 66 students were subjected to pre- and post-tests along with a self-efficacy evaluation and feedback survey.

Results:
Out of all, 91.1% were between 21 and 30 years, 77.8% belonged to rural areas, and 82% were in the lower–middle socioeconomic class. The knowledge was improved, and it was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.0001). The self-efficacy evaluation showed an enhancement of knowledge and awareness. The majority either strongly agreed or agreed that participatory cooking demonstrations helped them learn healthy cooking practices (80%), analyze specific nutritional problems (95.6%), and get hands-on experience in nutritional care (86.4%). The themes that emerged from qualitative data were discussed under liked, disliked aspects, challenges faced, and solutions offered.

Conclusion:
The hands-on sessions on participatory cooking demonstrations were successfully introduced and the knowledge and self-efficacy of the participants was improved. All participants were satisfied with the intervention as perceived by the participants.
Unreported protocol deviations – The tip of the research-berg
Authors: Kulkarni Uma , Vaswani Ravi , Guthigar Mohammed , Bhat Nagapati , Sonde Laxminarayan 
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
Failure to stay within an ethics committee (EC)-approved protocol limits is termed protocol deviation or violation (PD/PV), depending on the seriousness of the transgression and its attendant risks and/or harms. PD/PVs arise in the post-approval phase of the research and are often missed. Current guidelines expect ECs to detect, report and recommend suitable actions such that research participants’ risks and harms are mitigated, to the extent possible.

Objective:
Yenepoya Ethics Committee-1 conducted an internal audit of ongoing postgraduate dissertations involving human participants to assess the occurrence of PD/PVs.

Materials and Methods:
54 out of 80 postgraduates responded to our request for filling out a self-reported checklist. These responses were followed up with physical verification of the protocol-related documents.

Results:
Protocol transgressions were classified as non-compliance (administrative issues), protocol deviations (minor transgressions with minimal or less than minimal increase in attendant risk to participants) and protocol violations (serious transgressions with more than minimal increase in attendant risk to participants). The non-compliances included non-reporting for audit and non-reporting of PDs. Protocol deviations included non-conformance to EC validity, sample size, approved methodology, informed consent process and documentation and suboptimal data storage. No protocol violations were observed.

Conclusion:
We report PD/PVs from these 54 protocols – with our assessment on the negative impact it may have on scientific validity, harm to participants, EC functioning and credibility of the institution – in the hope that our readers appreciate this important aspect of the post-approval process in the functioning of an EC.
Establishment of quality parameters of Quisqualis indica leaves through sophisticated analytical techniques
Authors: Anjali Patadiya , Vivek Joshi , Jigar Pansara , Keyuri Bhagat , Vaibhavi Savalia , Jayesh Dhalani , Mayank Pandya , Devang Pandya 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT. Quisqualis indica (Q. indica; Rangoon creeper) is found in Asia and finds its place in Ayurvedic texts, ethno-medicine as well as modern research. Its leaves contain important constituents like rutin, quisqualis acid, trigonelline, L-proline and L-asparagine. Traditionally, the leaves are used as antipyretic, anti-flatulent, anti-inflammatory, anti-septic, and anti-diarrhoeal. Modern pharmacological research also supports these claims. However, this plant remains unexplored phytochemically, which restricts any means for standardization of its formulations. The present research focuses on analysis of leaves of Q. indica using sophisticated chromatographic and spectral techniques. Thin layer chromatography (TLC), high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques were used. After several pilots, TLC analyses, an HPTLC fingerprint of methanolic extract of the leaves was performed using chloroform: methanol: ethyl acetate (7: 3: 3) solvent system, which showed 12 peaks at 254 nm and 9 peaks at 366 nm. GC-MS analysis of the methanolic extract detected 7 known phytochemicals, some of them having pharmacological importance. This research may serve the parameters for quality control of Q. indica leaves in herbal industries, in the detection of adulteration of its formulations as well as open new avenues for phytochemical research, including isolation of a marker compound.

KEY WORDS: Quisqualis indica, Adulteration, Fingerprinting, GC-MS, HPTLC, Standardization
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(2), 289-298.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i2.4
Synthesis, characterization, lipoxygenase, and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of non- cytotoxic titanium(III) and (IV) hydrazide complexes
Authors: Shaikh Zara , Ashiq Uzma , Ara Jamal Rifat , Gul Sana , Mahroof-Tahir Mohammad , Sultan Sadaf , Salar Uzma , Mohammed Khan Khalid 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT. Ti(III) and (IV) hydrazide complexes were synthesized, characterized, and screened for their tyrosinase and lipoxygenase inhibitory and cytotoxic activities. The geometry of Ti(III) hydrazide complexes is tentatively assigned as octahedral. Magnetic moments were found around 1.7 B.M. and electronic spectral transition in the range of 495-518 nm. Evaluation of Ti(IV) and Ti(III) hydrazide complexes for tyrosinase and lipoxygenase inhibitory activities revealed varying inhibition potential. Hydrazide ligands were inactive against tyrosinase, while significant activity was observed against lipoxygenase (LOX). Good to moderate inhibition activity was observed by Ti(IV) and Ti(III) hydrazide complexes against both enzymes. At the same time, promising results were obtained for Ti(IV) hydrazide complexes against tyrosinase enzymes suggesting their broad application as tyrosinase inhibitors. Complex 4d possess negative inhibition, thus behaving as a tyrosinase activator. The docking results showed a good correlation between complex experimental activities and binding energies. Cytotoxic investigation revealed the non-toxicity of complexes against normal cells.

KEY WORDS: Titanium(III) and titanium(IV) hydrazide complex, Tyrosinase, Lipoxygenase, Inhibition, Molecular docking, Cytotoxicity

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(2), 315-333.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i2.6
Artisanal stone-mining impacts on leaf microstructures and biochemical parameters of some plants at Eziani, Nsukka, Nigeria
Authors: Amujiri Angela Nkechi , Nwafor Felix , Ozokolie Chinenye Benita , Obayi Hyacinth Chikwado , Asogwa Loveline Ndidiamaka , Igwe Ugochukwu 
Published: December 2022

Plants are determinant of air quality and are useful in mitigating air pollution and biomonitoring of the pollution stresses. Present study assessed the effect of stone-mining dust accumulation on foliar parameters and air pollution tolerance index (APTI) of five plants (Annona senegalensis, Bridelia ferruginea, Ficus capensis, Nauclea latifolia and Protea madiensis) commonly growing around an artisanal stone-mining site at Eziani Nsukka and Botanic Garden of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, the control. Dust load was estimated gravimetrically. The foliar analysis carried out on the epidermises was obtained by clearing method and studied under microscope and all photomicrographs were taken with Moticam Camera 2.0 attached to the microscope. Biochemical parameters and APTI were determine following standard methods. Dust accumulated on polluted plant leaves was high and resulted in distortion and deformation of the epidermal and guard cells. The cells appeared stretched and broken compared to the control plants. Quantitative stomatal indices such as length, width, size and density were also significantly affected by dust pollution. Polluted plants showed increase in ascorbic acid, reduction in pH values, relative water content and total chlorophyll content, and produced low tolerance index than the controls. Highest and lowest APTI were found in A. senegalensis and B. ferruginea. At polluted site, A. senegalensis had APTI (17.14 ± 0.24) and B. ferruginea had (11.38 ± 0.07) which differed significantly from the APTI of A. senegalensis (18.92 ± 0.24) and B. ferruginea (13.49 ±0.28) at the control site. A. senegalensis was the most tolerant to air pollution while other plants were intermediate tolerant plants. The abnormalities in artisanal stone-mining plants may be due to prolonged exposure to dust. However, ability of the plants to tolerate air pollution makes them potential good environmental cleaners and as such, are recommended as choice plants around stone-mining and dust-polluted sites for safer environments and better health of both miners and the inhabitants.
Perceived Effects of Rainfall and Temperature Variability on Yields of Cereal Crops in the Mion District of Northern Ghana
Authors: Shirazu Alhassan , Doke Dzigbodi Adzo , Yahaya Abdul-Kadri 
Published: December 2022

Climate variability has been a major threat to achieving sustainable food production in many countries, including Ghana. This is attributable to insufficient and erratic rainfall coupled with increasing temperature. This study examined the perceived effects of rainfall and temperature variability on yields of cereal crops in the Mion District of the Northern Region. The study reveals that farmers in the Mion District have experienced changes in climatic conditions evident in high temperatures and low rainfall. The study also reveals that rainfall and temperature variability adversely affect the yields of cereal crops such as rice, maize, and millet. The effect could manifest in either yield reduction or total crop failure of cereals. The study also showed that factors that enable farmers to respond to impacts of rainfall and temperature variability are Agric extension services, application of fertilizer, irrigation farming, use of improved seeds, and favourable government policies such as subsidies and credit facilities. The study, therefore, concludes that yields of cereal crops are adversely affected by rainfall and temperature variability. However, farmers resort to Agric extension services, application of fertilizer, irrigation farming, use of improved variety of seeds, and favourable government policies in response to the impacts of rainfall and temperature variability. The study recommends that government should employ more extension agents and construct more irrigation facilities in the Mion District to reduce the adverse effects of climate variability on yields of cereal crops.
mirada al arte barroco del Museo de Arte Religioso Colonial (Ciudad de Panamá): el Señor de la Paciencia y la Humildad, la Inmaculada Concepción y santa Bárbara
Authors: Barberena Candy 
Published: December 2022

Es a partir de mediados del siglo XX cuando se comienza a redescubrir el legado artístico del periodo virreinal en Panamá y, por ende, toman auge disciplinas que emprenden investigaciones desde lo arqueológico, lo socio-religioso y lo etnográfico. La historiografía del arte panameño, a lo largo del periodo virreinal y, en especial, del arte realizado por los indígenas, presenta grandes vacíos. Este es el principal motivo del presente estudio, que dará pie a nuevas propuestas interpretativas en las simbologías e iconografías de las piezas de estilo barroco ubicadas en el Museo de Arte Religioso Colonial en el casco antiguo, y sus conexiones con las escuelas talleres de la península de Azuero y las provincias de Chiriquí y Veraguas, como sitios de producción artística virreinal e instruidos primeramente por las órdenes mendicantes.
Perspectiva estudiantil universitaria ante la práctica de valores en profesores
Authors: Hernández Romero Gladys 
Published: December 2022

La formación basada en valores es un aspecto primordial en la vida de todo ser humano y los docentes operan como un aspecto clave para lograr ese resultado influyendo mediante las palabras y acciones en el salón de clases. La investigación fue desarrollada con una metodología de enfoque cuantitativo, donde con la aplicación de un instrumento de 19 items a 431 alumnos pertenecientes a una universidad pública, se buscó conocer su opinión sobre la práctica de los valores en sus docentes. De acuerdo con los datos obtenidos, a pesar de ser considerados sujetos de inspiración en sus alumnos impulsándolos a ser mejores profesionistas, los profesores, con cierta frecuencia son susceptibles de quebrantar las normas y valores universitarios.
Community perspectives and the politics of water in rural Australia: Rural-regional sustainability education in the Murray Darling Basin
Authors: McPherson Amy , Roberts Philip , Downes Natalie 
Published: December 2022

Sustainability is a central challenge facing the future viability of Murray-Darling Basin (MDB) communities in rural Australia.Â Faced with environmental uncertainty and its associated community impacts, sustainability has at once been positioned as the path to a prosperous future and a flash point of community conflict. Key to these tensions has been different perspectives on sustainability adopted by various community members and the difficulty of working towards a shared understanding of the term. Drawing upon the first phase of a two-year project exploring education and sustainability in the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia, the paper examines different community understandings of sustainability. The differences observed reflect debates about community in rural areas, as well as sustainability in the research literature. We then consider the role of education in collaborative community dialogue about rural-regional sustainability in contexts where sustainability education plays out against broader conflicts over the natural resource of water and its pivotal role in Australiaâ€™s economic wealth and social wellbeing.
Walk Beside Me, Learn Together: A Service-Learning Immersion to a Remote Aboriginal School and Community
Authors: Lavery Shane , Cain Glenda Belle , Hampton Patrick 
Published: December 2022

The aim of this study was to explore the potential of a service-learning immersion program to promote pre-service teachers' development of cultural competency in the area of Aboriginal education. That is, the research focused on ways the immersion program helped pre-service teachers (a) develop awareness of cultural implications in teaching in a remote school and (b) understand and respect Aboriginal people with a view to reconciliation. The program has operated since 2013 and occurs in a remote Aboriginal school and community in Western Australia. The duration of the immersion is eight days and is open to early childhood, primary and secondary pre-service teachers. The underlying epistemology of the research is constructivist, specifically interpretivist in nature, with a symbolic interactionist lens. That is, the research attempts to â€˜give voiceâ€™ to the participants through their own language. Content analysis was the methodology used to explore the pre-service teachersâ€™ experiences and perceptions while undertaking their service-learning immersion. Data collection methods included focus group interviews, participant journals and a questionnaire.These data were collected over a four-year span from 2014 to 2017. The findings indicate that the service-learning immersion has enabled pre-service teachers to explore their interests and passion to teach Aboriginal students in both rural and remote locations.