bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engaging Adolescents in Using Online Patient Portals
Authors: Sisk Bryan A. , Antes Alison L. , Bereitschaft Christine , Enloe Madi , Lin Sunny , Srinivas Meghana , Bourgeois Fabienne , DuBois James M. 
Published: August 2023

ImportanceMany health care systems offer adolescents access to health information through online patient portals, but few studies have explored how to engage adolescents in using and benefiting from online portals.ObjectiveTo determine how US children’s hospitals have attempted to encourage adolescent portal use, barriers to engaging adolescents, and ideal future goals for engagement.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis qualitative study performed structured qualitative interviews with informatics administrators from children’s hospitals across the US between February and July 2022. Informatics administrators were employed by US health care systems that managed a children’s hospital with at least 50 dedicated pediatrics beds. Data analysis was performed from November 2022 to January 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThis study used thematic analysis of (1) current steps that health care systems had taken to engage adolescents in using their online patient portals and (2) barriers to engaging adolescents and ideal future goals and outcomes of engagement.ResultsAmong 58 total interviews with 65 informatics administrators who represented 63 hospitals across 58 health care systems, 6 themes of approaches to engaging adolescents in portal use were identified: (1) promoting and educating adolescents about portal enrollment, (2) establishing workflows to support enrollment, (3) seeking and incorporating feedback, (4) creating a culture or environment supporting engagement, (5) increasing portal utility, and (6) limited efforts. Barriers to engaging adolescents in portal use related to either (1) stakeholder investment, interest, and capabilities or (2) intersecting technical, ethical, and legal factors. Participants identified 4 ideal future efforts to engage adolescents: (1) develop adaptable private means of communication with adolescents, (2) use adolescent-centric user design, (3) enhance promotion and education about portal use, and (4) simplify and adapt workflows to encourage enrollment. Participants described 3 ideal outcomes of this future engagement: (1) provide education about current health, (2) prepare for transition to adulthood, and (3) improve digital health education of adolescents.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this qualitative study of informatics administrators, children’s hospitals across the US were found to have varying degrees of efforts to engage adolescents in using their portals. Most of these efforts focused on supporting adolescent enrollment, but fewer efforts focused on making the portal useful and interesting to adolescents.
Risk-Adjusted Cumulative Sum for Early Detection of Hospitals With Excess Perioperative Mortality
Authors: Chen Vivi W. , Chidi Alexis P. , Dong Yongquan , Richardson Peter A. , Axelrod David A. , Petersen Laura A. , Massarweh Nader N. 
Published: August 2023

ImportanceNational surgical quality improvement programs lack tools for early detection of quality or safety concerns, which risks patient safety because of delayed recognition of poor performance.ObjectiveTo compare the risk-adjusted cumulative sum (CUSUM) with episodic evaluation for early detection of hospitals with excess perioperative mortality.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsNational, observational, hospital-level, comparative effectiveness study of 697 566 patients. Identification of hospitals with excess, risk-adjusted, quarterly 30-day mortality using observed to expected ratios (ie, current criterion standard in the Veterans Affairs Surgical Quality Improvement Program) was compared with the risk-adjusted CUSUM. Patients included in the study underwent a noncardiac operation at a Veterans Affairs hospital, had a record in the Veterans Affairs Surgical Quality Improvement Program (January 1, 2011, through December 31, 2016), and were aged 18 years or older.Main Outcome and MeasureNumber of hospitals identified as having excess risk-adjusted 30-day mortality.ResultsThe cohort included 697 566 patients treated at 104 hospitals across 24 quarters. The mean (SD) age was 60.9 (13.2) years, 91.4% were male, and 8.6% were female. For each hospital, the median number of quarters detected with observed to expected ratios, at least 1 CUSUM signal, and more than 1 CUSUM signal was 2 quarters (IQR, 1-4 quarters), 8 quarters (IQR, 4-11 quarters), and 3 quarters (IQR, 1-4 quarters), respectively. During 2496 total quarters of data, outlier hospitals were identified 33.3% of the time (830 quarters) with at least 1 CUSUM signal within a quarter, 12.5% (311 quarters) with more than 1 CUSUM signal, and 11.0% (274 quarters) with observed to expected ratios at the end of the quarter. The CUSUM detection occurred a median of 49 days (IQR, 25-63 days) before observed to expected ratio reporting (1 signal, 35 days [IQR, 17-54 days]; 2 signals, 49 days [IQR, 26-61 days]; 3 signals, 58 days [IQR, 44-69 days]; ≥4 signals, 49 days [IQR, 42-69 days]; trend test, P &amp;lt; .001). Of 274 hospital quarters detected with observed to expected ratios, 72.6% (199) were concurrently detected by at least 1 CUSUM signal vs 42.7% (117) by more than 1 CUSUM signal. There was a dose-response relationship between the number of CUSUM signals in a quarter and the median observed to expected ratio (0 signals, 0.63; 1 signal, 1.28; 2 signals, 1.58; 3 signals, 2.08; ≥4 signals, 2.49; trend test, P &amp;lt; .001).ConclusionsThis study found that with CUSUM, hospitals with excess perioperative mortality can be identified well in advance of standard end-of-quarter reporting, which suggests episodic evaluation strategies fail to detect out-of-control processes and place patients at risk. Continuous performance evaluation tools should be adopted in national quality improvement programs to prevent avoidable patient harm.
Highly Pseudocapacitive Storage Design Principles of Heteroatom‐Doped Graphene Anode in Calcium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Gao Yong , Li Zhenglong , Wang Pan , Cui Wengang , Wang Xiaowei , Yang Yaxiong , Gao Fan , Zhang Mingchang , Gan Jiantuo , Li Chenchen , Liu Yanxia , Wang Xinqiang , Qi Fulai , Zhang Jing , Han Xiao , Du Wubin , Pan Hongge , Xia Zhenhai 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPseudocapacitive storage of multivalent ions, especially Ca2+, in heteroatom‐doped carbon nanomaterials is promising to achieve both high energy and power densities, but there is the lack of pseudocapacitive theories that enable rational design of the materials for calcium‐ion batteries. Herein, the general design principles are established for the anode materials of the batteries via density functional theory calculations and experimental verifications of a series of heteroatom‐doped graphene as an efficient pseudocapacitive anode. A novel descriptor Φ is proposed to correlate the intrinsic properties of dopants with the pseudocapacitive storage properties of the carbon‐based anode. The design principle and descriptor have the predictive ability to screen out the best dual‐doped graphene anode with 10 times higher Ca2+ storage capability than that of sole‐doped one, and exceed the current best Ca2+ storage anode materials.
Spirally Grown Zinc‐Cobalt Alloy Layer Enables Highly Reversible Zinc Metal Anodes
Authors: Wang Tianqi , Tang Yan , Yu Minxiao , Lu Bingan , Zhang Xiaotan , Zhou Jiang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAlthough Zn‐ion batteries have gained extensive attention, it persistently suffers from uncontrolled dendrite growth and severe side reactions on zinc (Zn) anodes. Here, a spirally grown 3D ZnCo overlayer is designed on one side of commercial zinc foil by means of constant‐current electrodeposition to address these challenges. In contrast to Zn crystal planes, the ZnCo crystal planes mainly exposed to the side of the 3D spiral structure exhibit superior zincophilicity, promoting the bottom‐up layer‐by‐layer Zn growth. During plating, the surface of Zn metal with ZnCo overlayer (ZnCo) gradually becomes flat by constraining the diffusion behavior of Zn2+ ions. The resulting ZnCo–ZnCo cells demonstrate stable operation for over 620 h at a large current density of 5 mA cm−2. Furthermore, the ZnCo‐NH4V4O10 pouch cell delivers an initial capacity of 190 mA h g−1 and maintains a high capacity retention of 81% after 400 cycles. This alloying strategy of electro‐deposition offers new insights into the design of highly reversible Zn anodes.
Spidermen Strategy for Stable 24% Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Xuping , Li Qinghua , Zheng Juanjuan , Xu Jiewen , Chen Zixia , Li Zimin , Liu Jie , Liang Shengyong , Wang Deng , Zhang Zhenghe , Jin Xiao , Wu Jihuai , Zhang Xingcai 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe interface energetics‐modification plays an important role in improving the power conversion efficiency (PCE) among the perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Considering the low carrier mobility caused by defects in PSCs, a double‐layer modification engineering strategy is adopted to introduce the “spiderman” NOBF4 (nitrosonium tetrafluoroborate) between tin dioxide (SnO2 and perovskite layers. NO+, as the interfacial bonding layer, can passivate the oxygen vacancy in SnO2, while BF4− can optimize the defects in the bulk of perovskite. This conclusion is confirmed by theoretical calculation and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The synergistic effect of NO+ and BF4− distinctly heightens the carrier extraction efficiency, and the PCE of PSCs is 24.04% with a fill factor (FF) of 82.98% and long‐term stability. This study underlines the effectiveness of multifunctional additives in improving interface contact and enhancing PCE of PSCs.
Transdermal Sustained Release Properties and Anti‐Photoaging Efficacy of Liposome‐Thermosensitive Hydrogel System
Authors: Wu Sijie , Liu Gaodan , Shao Ping , Lin Xingyu , Yu Jiahao , Chen Hanchi , Li Huiliang , Feng Simin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDrug delivery systems have become a research priority in the biomedical field. The incorporation of liposomes to hydrogels further forms more robust multifunctional systems for more effective and sustained topical drug delivery. In this study, carboxymethyl‐modified chitosan/hyaluronic acid (CMC/HA, CMH) thermosensitive hydrogel is developed for sustained transdermal delivery of liposomes. Hydrogels are crosslinked by hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction and electrostatic interaction. The gel properties can be regulated by substitution degree (DS), and when DS = 18.20 ± 0.67% (CMH2), the gel temperature is 37.8 °C, allowing rapid gelation at body temperature (315 s). Moreover, CMH2 hydrogel has suitable spreadability (17.7–57.2 cm2), viscosity (2133.4 mPa s) and porous structure, which facilitated its adhesion and application on the skin and liposomes delivery. The hydrogel can retard the liposomes release, and the release rate of ascorbyl glucoside (AA2G) is 33.92–49.35% in 24 h. Hydrogel avoids the rapid clearance of liposomes from the skin and improved the skin retention, achieving the long‐term release of bioactive components. Liposome‐hydrogel system more efficiently promotes the anti‐photoaging effect of AA2G on skin, reducing epidermal thickness, melanin deposition and lipid oxidative damage and increasing collagen density. Therefore, liposome‐hydrogel systems are proposed as multifunctional delivery systems for sustained transdermal delivery.
Diels–Alder Photoclick Patterning of Extracellular Matrix for Spatially Controlled Cell Behaviors
Authors: Bailey Sophia J. , Hopkins Erik , Baxter Naomi J. , Whitehead Isobel , de Alaniz Javier Read , Wilson Maxwell Z. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractStrategies that mimic the spatial complexity of natural tissues can provide cellular scaffolds to probe fundamental questions in cell biology and offer new materials for regenerative medicine. Here, the authors demonstrate a light‐guided patterning platform that uses natural engineered extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins as a substrate to program cellular behaviors. A photocaged diene which undergoes Diels–Alder‐based click chemistry upon uncaging with 365 nm light is utilized. By interfacing with commercially available maleimide dienophiles, patterning of common ECM proteins (collagen, fibronectin Matrigel, laminin) with readily purchased functional small molecules and growth factors is achieved. Finally, the use of this platform to spatially control ERK activity and migration in mammalian cells is highlighted, demonstrating programmable cell behavior through patterned chemical modification of natural ECM.
Expanding the Potential of 3‐Hydroxyindolinones: Synthesis of Quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones through Acid‐Promoted Azidation and Ring‐Expansion
Authors: Zhan Shuming , Xu Heng , Guo Wenjing , Li Lin , Hong Biqiong , Gu Zhenhua 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe report herein a synthesis of quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones from 3‐hydroxyindolin‐2‐one derivatives, which can be synthesized from commercially available isatins in one or two steps. The reaction proceeded through a CF3CO2H‐mediated azidation via a carbocation, followed by acid‐induced N2 extrusion and ring‐expansion. Both CF3CO2H and the solvent 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoro‐2‐propanol were found to be crucial for this rearrangement. The axial chirality in 3‐hydroxyindolin‐2‐one skeleton was fully preserved in the products.
Highly Strain‐Stable Intrinsically Stretchable Olfactory Sensors for Imperceptible Health Monitoring
Authors: Zhao Guodong , Sun Jing , Zhang Mingxin , Guo Shanlei , Wang Xue , Li Juntong , Tong Yanhong , Zhao Xiaoli , Tang Qingxin , Liu Yichun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntrinsically stretchable gas sensors possess outstanding advantages in seamless conformability and high‐comfort wearability for real‐time detection toward skin/respiration gases, making them promising candidates for health monitoring and non‐invasive disease diagnosis and therapy. However, the strain‐induced deformation of the sensitive semiconductor layers possibly causes the sensing signal drift, resulting in failure in achievement of the reliable gas detection. Herein, a surprising result that the stretchable organic polymers present a universal strain‐insensitive gas sensing property is shown. All the stretchable polymers with different degrees of crystallinity, including indacenodithiophene‐benzothiadiazole (PIDTBT), diketo‐pyrrolo‐pyrrole bithiophene thienothiophene (DPPT‐TT) and poly[4‐(4,4‐dihexadecyl‐4H‐cyclopenta[1,2‐b:5,4‐b′]dithiophen‐2‐yl)‐alt‐[1,2,5]thiad‐iazolo [3,4‐c] pyridine] (PCDTPT), show almost unchanged gas response signals in the different stretching states. This outstanding advantage enables the intrinsically stretchable devices to imperceptibly adhere on human skin and well conform to the versatile deformations such as bending, twisting, and stretching, with the highly strain‐stable gas sensing property. The intrinsically stretchable PIDTBT sensor also demonstrates the excellent selectivity toward the skin‐emitted trimethylamine (TMA) gas, with a theoretical limit of detection as low as 0.3 ppb. The work provides new insights into the preparation of the reliable skin‐like gas sensors and highlights the potential applications in the real‐time detection of skin gas and respiration gas for non‐invasive medical treatment and disease diagnosis.
The impact of early sports participation on body fatness in adulthood is not mediated by current physical activity
Authors: Avelar Ademar , Araujo Monique Yndawe Castanho , da Silva Camila Buonani , de Lima Manoel Carlos Spiguel , Codogno Jamile Sanches , Turi‐Lynch Bruna Camilo , Fernandes Rômulo Araújo , Mantovani Alessandra Madia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim was to analyze the relationship between early sports participation (ESP) and body fatness (BF) in adults, as well as to identify whether this possible relationship is directly influenced by the current physical activity (PA) level.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study combined baseline data of two cohort. The BF estimated by DXA. The ESP, the subjects reported the engagement in sports during childhood (7–10 years) and adolescence (11–17 years) through two yes/no questions and current PA (described as steps) was device—measured using pedometers. Were identified as potential covariates and therefore adjusted the multivariate models: age, ethnicity, alcohol consumption, smoking, and sleep quality. Statistical analysis consisted of the chi‐square test, analysis of variance/covariance, and structural equation modeling (software BioEstat version 5.0; p‐value < .05).ResultsAdults engaged in ESP had lower BF; among women, the variance in BF explained by ESP was 25.5%; among men, it was 9.2%. Sports participation in early life (r = −.436 [95% CI: −0.527 to −0.346]) and current PA (r = −.431 [95% CI: −0.522 to −0.340]) were inversely related to BF, as well as positively related to each other (r = .328 [95% CI: 0.226 to 0.430]). In the mediation model, current PA partially mediated (18.5%) the impact of ESP on BF, while current PA and ESP remained relevant determinants of BF.ConclusionEarly sports participation and current PA have a significant impact on BF in adulthood, which is of similar magnitude and independent of each other.
Chiral Hybrid Germanium(II) Halide with Strong Nonlinear Chiroptical Properties
Authors: Wang Hebin , Li Junzi , Lu Haolin , Gull Sehrish , Shao Tianyin , Zhang Yunxin , He Tengfei , Chen Yongsheng , He Tingchao , Long Guankui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDue to the pronounced anisotropic response to circularly polarized light, chiral hybrid organic–inorganic metal halides have been regarded as promising candidates for the application in nonlinear chiroptics, especially for the second‐harmonic generation circular dichroism (SHG‐CD) effect. However, designing novel lead‐free chiral hybrid metal halides with large anisotropy factors and high laser‐induced damage thresholds (LDT) of SHG‐CD remains challenging. Herein, we develop the first chiral hybrid germanium halide, (R/S‐NEA)3Ge2I7⋅H2O (R/S‐NGI), and systematically investigated its linear and nonlinear chiroptical properties. S‐NGI and R‐NGI exhibit large anisotropy factors (gSHG‐CD) of 0.45 and 0.48, respectively, along with a high LDT of 38.46 GW/cm2; these anisotropy factors were the highest values among the reported lead‐free chiral hybrid metal halides. Moreover, the effective second‐order nonlinear optical coefficient of S‐NGI could reach up to 0.86 pm/V, which was 2.9 times higher than that of commercial Y‐cut quartz. Our findings facilitate a new avenue toward lead‐free chiral hybrid metal halides, and their implementation in nonlinear chiroptical applications.
The effects of zinc hydroxystannate/boron nitride hybrids and aluminum diethylphosphinate on flame retardancy and smoke suppression of styrene–butadiene rubber composites
Authors: Xu Wenzong , Zhang Zhihui , Cheng Pengfei , Ding Ding , Bian Ziwei , Yu Xue 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAs one of the three general rubbers, styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) is widely used in industrial products such as tires and cables. However, SBR has the disadvantages of flammability and low thermal conductivity, which limits its application in industry. In order to improve the flame retardancy and thermal conductivity of SBR, zinc hydroxystannate/boron nitride hybrids (ZHS@BN) were successfully prepared by in‐situ growth on BN. ZHS@BN was successfully prepared as determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetry. When 3 phr ZHS@BN and 12 phr aluminum diethylphosphinate (ADP) were added, the limiting oxygen index value of SBR composites reached 28.4%. Compared with pure SBR, their peak heat release rate and peak smoke release rate decreased by 59.2% and 50.6%, respectively. Through the analysis of the flame‐retardant properties and carbon residue of the SBR composites, it was proved that there was a good synergy between ZHS@BN and ADP to improve the flame‐retardant properties of SBR.
One‐pot Syntheses of Benzo‐ and Benzofuran‐fused Iridaoxabenzenes via CH Bond Activations of Alkyl‐bridged Diphenol Derivatives
Authors: Iwamoto Takahiro , Suzuki Mika , Hasegawa Hibiki , Abeta Hinako , Matsuo Yusuke , Tanaka Takayuki , Yasuda Nobuhiro , Ishii Youichi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOne‐pot syntheses of new π‐extended metallaaromatic compounds have been developed by utilizing Ir‐mediated CH bond activation of ethylene‐ or ethylidene‐bridged diphenol derivatives. Depending on the bridging alkyl groups, two types of iridaoxabenzenes, both of which are doubly fused with benzo and benzofuran units, have been obtained. Studies on their structures and electronic characters indicate that both complexes have an aromatic character on the iridaoxacycles, and their π‐conjugated systems are fully delocalized over the whole molecular skeletons. These novel metallaaromatic complexes exhibited some reactivities which are distinct from those reported for the non‐fused metallaaromatic compounds.
The moon wears a crown: Babylonian reports of earthshine
Authors: Knapp Taylor , Steele John 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObservations of the first visibility of the new moon crescent by ancient Babylonian astronomers often refer to the moon “wearing a crown”. In this article, we undertake a detailed analysis of all Babylonian reports of the observation of the new moon crescent in order to test the common assumption that this phrase refers to the phenomenon of Earthshine. We conclude that the assumption is correct and further explore the observational circumstances that made Earthshine visible to the Babylonian astronomers—and by analogy to any experienced naked‐eye observer. We demonstrate that the most significant factor in whether or not Earthshine is seen is not, as might be expected, the age of the moon but instead the prevailing sky darkness. We also show that the Babylonian observations display a seasonal variation that is consistent with modern observations of and models for the Earth's albedo.
Predicting photoresist sensitivity using machine learning
Authors: Ghule Balaji G. , Kim Minkyeong , Jang Ji‐Hyun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe introduce a scheme for predicting photoresist sensitivity using machine learning (ML) work flow on the basis of previously reported experimental data. Different ML models, specifically Linear Regression, Kernel Ridge Regression, Gaussian Process Regressor, Random Forest Regressor, and Multilayer Perceptron Regressor, were evaluated to rapidly identify the best sensitivity prediction model. The experiment was carried out on the Google Colab platform using the Materials Simulation Toolkit for Machine Learning and Sci‐kit Learn. Different ensemble models were utilized without splitting the dataset to determine the prediction accuracy of the ML models. The hyperparameter optimization was established with a 70/30 ratio, followed by a K‐Fold cross‐validation to improve the model prediction performance. The optimized ML model showed a prediction performance of R2 = 0.83, RMSE = 10.53, and MARE = 0.68. Hence, by optimizing the hyperparameters used in the ML model, the sensitivity of the photoresist materials can be predicted with improved prediction performance.