bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Álex de la Iglesia y las escenas de alturas
Authors: Jiménez González Marcos 
Published: March 2023

Álex de la Iglesia es un cineasta cuyo reconocimiento ha ido creciendo exponencialmente desde los años noventa. Su estilo es ambiguo, situándose en una posición híbrida, entre el cine de género y la tradición española del esperpento. Esto ha dado lugar a multitud de debates y reflexiones sobre el puesto que ocupa en el panorama cinematográfico nacional. El presente escrito se centra en el análisis de las escenas de alturas en sus películas, una de las características presentes a lo largo de toda su filmografía, desde El día de la bestia hasta Veneciafrenia. Así, se establece un recorrido por los filmes en los que estas aparecen, analizando el tipo de significado y sentido que tienen, y dando cuenta de la diversidad de significaciones y estructuras. El análisis se centrará en las películas que muestran este recurso en la parte final (en el clímax), enfatizando su carácter metafórico, que entronca con una lectura filosófica de las alturas como espacio fílmico. Esta connotación se encuentra arraigada a los orígenes de la cultura occidental, al pensamiento de Platón, de Aristóteles y de la tradición judeocristiana que, estando muy presente en el pensamiento, pervive también en la narrativa literaria y cinematográfica.
Una père-version fallida
Authors: Laso Eduardo 
Published: March 2023

La adaptación cinematográfica de Edipo Rey de Pier Paolo Pasolini presenta la particularidad de articular el mito de Edipo y la obra de Sófocles, con la lectura que hace Sigmund Freud de la tragedia griega. A lo que le agrega su propia experiencia personal para hablar de su complejo de Edipo. Al adaptar el texto de Sófocles desde la teoría psicoanalítica, hace un film que articula lo universal del complejo de Edipo freudiano con su propia experiencia de amor por su madre y odio parricida contra el padre.
Effect of Lifting Weight, Height and Asymmetry on Biomechanical Loading during Manual Lifting
Authors: Vijaywargiya Anurag , Bhiwapurkar Mahesh K. , Thirugnanam A 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: In India, physical manual activities in asymmetrical postures overtax the human musculoskeletal system, which may exceed workers' physical limitations. Thus the purpose of this study was to examine the physical stresses experienced by the subject, based on subjective and biomechanical loading estimates while lifting weights to various heights, in an asymmetric direction and propose the safe limit for manual lifting.
Methods: A laboratory experiment was conducted utilizing twelve male subjects in the age group of 20 to 25 years who lifted 5 different weights between 10 to 20 kg from below the knee to various lifting heights (below the knee to ear level). The lifting task was performed in three asymmetric angles (45, 90, and 135-degree) using free-style lifting techniques. An ANOVA technique was used to analyze the influence of three parameters (Lifting weight, lifting height and asymmetric angle) on two responses; subjective estimates and biomechanical loading. The subjective estimate was obtained using workload assessment by body discomfort chart. The biomechanical loading (loading rate) was estimated from ground reaction force data, obtained from the force plate.
Results: Both the responses; subjective estimates and biomechanical loading followed a consistent pattern in predicting physical stress. The result revealed that lifting weights with higher destination heights and asymmetry angles increased the physiological workload and discomfort. Experiments have shown that the loading rate is reduced by 8 to 10% for each increase in the 45-degree angle of asymmetry.
Conclusion: In general, safe lifting of 15 kg weight up to ear level and 15 kg weight up to shoulder level are recommended for 45- and 90-degree asymmetry respectively to prevent any chronic injuries. A maximum of 12.5 kg lifting weight up to shoulder level is also proposed.
Chromium toxicity among leather industry workers in Kolkata-A pilot Study
Authors: Maurya Pawan Kumar , Chakrabarti Amit , Saha Asim 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Chromium (Cr) exposure is known to cause various health issues such as cancer, dermatitis, respiratory problems, etc. The recent exposure of Cr can be determined by analysis of Cr either in blood/urine/plasma, Cr (III) ions cannot permeate through cell membranes of red blood cells (RBC) because their ionic radii are bigger as compared to Cr (VI), and hence Cr in RBC is an indicator for exposure to Cr (VI) ions. The purpose of this study was to investigate chromium exposure, hygienic habits and the occurrence of dermatological problems with leather industry workers in Kolkata.
Methods: A total of 68 leather industry workers with minimum work exposure of five years and aged between 18-60 years were recruited for this study. The study protocol included a questionnaire and analysis of Cr in blood and urine samples by GF-AAS.
Results: All values were under the Biological Exposure Index (BEI) of 25µg /L at the end of the shift of a five-day work week recommended by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (AcGIH). 15.2% of subjects suffered from dermatological problems at least once in the last year during work in the leather industry.
Conclusion: It was found that leather industry workers were not using personal protective equipment and it must be promoted to them for occupational health and safety.
Strengthening Childhood TB Management in Nepal: challenges, progress and lesson learned
Authors: Shrestha Suvesh Kumar , Bhattarai Rajan , Chettry Tara , Basnet Rajendra , Bhattarai Ratna , Thapa Anil , Tinkari Bhim Singh , Sharma Sharad Kumar , Rajbhandari Sagar Kumar , Bhattachan Anuj 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Childhood tuberculosis has always been in shadows as Nepal’s Tuberculosis Program focused mainly on adults TB resulting in under diagnose with less than 10% of total TB cases notified. Lack of political commitment; absence of guideline and working group, qualified health personnel and diagnostics tool were major implementation challenges.
Methodology: Assessment of childhood TB program was done and critical gap were identified. Childhood TB was prioritized in National TB strategic plan (2016-21). Collaborate with both international and national child experts, public and private organizations to develop guideline, building capacity of health care providers and establishing national working group. Childhood TB focused interventions were implemented in 40 high burden districts since March,2017 focusing on contact tracing, diagnosis, Prevention Therapy, malnourished children in the community and major hospitals.
Results : Political commitment and multi-sectoral involvement, to manage childhood TB was achieved. A total of 93 doctors were trained in the Childhood TB management training and were identified as focal persons to manage childhood TB in their respective regions. Child focused intervention from March 2018-19 resulted in the diagnosis of 521 TB cases among 38,987 malnourished children and1,764 children were enrolled under TPT after contact tracing of 59,742 family members. With political commitment, prioritization of childhood TB, collaboration of both government and non-government sectors and interventions focusing childhood TB, a significant achievement can be attained in childhood TB management.
Conclusion: Nepal has shown childhood TB management program can be strengthen if NTP prioritizes it, child focused interventions are implemented and collaborate with Child health division, pediatrics association, other government and non-government organizations to increase and strengthen the program.
Effect of Environment on the Performance of Plastics
Authors: Duvall Donald E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWith any polymeric material, chemical exposure may have one or more different effects. Some chemicals act as plasticizers, changing the polymer from one that is hard, stiff, and brittle to one which is softer, more flexible, and sometimes tougher. Often these chemicals can dissolve the polymer if they are present in large enough quantity and if the polymer is not crosslinked. Other chemicals can induce environmental stress cracking (ESC), an effect in which brittle fracture of a polymer will occur at a level of stress well below that required to cause failure in the absence of the ESC reagent. Finally, there are some chemicals that cause actual degradation of the polymer, breaking the macromolecular chains, reducing molecular weight, and diminishing polymer properties as a result. This article examines each of these effects. The discussion also covers the effects of surface embrittlement and temperature on polymer performance.
Wear Failure of Reinforced Polymers
Authors: Razavykia Abbas , Brusa Eugenio , Delprete Cristiana , Baldissera Paolo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Reinforced polymers (RPs) are widely used in structural, industrial, automotive, and engineering applications due to their ecofriendly nature and the potential to manipulate their properties. This article addresses the technical synthesis of RPs, referring to their tribological behavior, to provide insights into the contribution and interaction of influential parameters on the wear behavior of polymers. It provides a brief discussion on the effects of significant parameters on RP tribology. The article describes abrasive and adhesive wear and provides a theoretical synthesis of the literature regarding the wear mechanisms of RPs. It also describes the synthesis of abrasive wear failure of different types of RPs and highlights the contribution of these influential parameters. The article addresses the synthesis of adhesive wear failure of different types of RPs.
Accelerated Life Testing and Aging
Authors: Broughton William R. , Maxwell Antony S. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Accelerated life testing and aging methodologies are increasingly being used to generate engineering data for determining material property degradation and service life (or fitness for purpose) of plastic materials for hostile service conditions. This article presents an overview of accelerated life testing and aging of unreinforced and fiber-reinforced plastic materials for assessing long-term material properties and life expectancy in hostile service environments. It considers various environmental factors, such as temperature, humidity, pressure, weathering, liquid chemicals (i.e., alkalis and acids), ionizing radiation, and biological degradation, along with the combined effects of mechanical stress, temperature, and moisture (including environmental stress corrosion). The article also includes information on the use of accelerated testing for predicting material property degradation and long-term performance.
Friction and Wear Testing
Authors: Van Meter Kylie E. , Krick Brandon A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTribology is the study of contacting materials in relative motion and more specifically the study of friction, wear, and lubrication. This article discusses the classification and the mechanisms of friction, wear, and lubrication of polymers. It describes the tribological applications of polymers and the tribometers and instrumentation used to measure the tribological properties of polymers. The article discusses the processes involved in calculating the wear rate of polymers and the methods of characterization of the sliding interface. It provides information on the pressure and velocity limit of polymer composites and polymer testing best practices.
Electrical Testing and Characterization of Plastics
Authors: Mas’ud Abdullahi Abubakar 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This article addresses electrical testing and characterization of plastics and presents a number of techniques for evaluating the electrical properties of insulating materials, with a special focus on plastics, accompanied by a list of the electrical properties of different types of plastics. It provides the reader with sufficient information to select the appropriate electrical test(s) for a specific application. The tests covered in this article are widely used in industry to determine the electrical properties of insulating materials, particularly plastics. The article lists and defines terms used in connection with testing and specification of plastics for electrical applications.
Manufacturing-Related Failures of Plastic Parts
Authors: Shah Vishu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article focuses on manufacturing-related failures of injection-molded plastic parts, although the concepts apply to all plastic manufacturing processes It provides detailed examples of failures due to improper material handling, drying, mixing of additives, and molecular packing and orientation. It also presents examples of failures stemming from material degradation improper use of metal inserts, weak weld lines, insufficient curing of thermosets, and inadequate mixing and impregnation in the case of thermoset composites.
Service Lifetime Assessment of Polymeric Products
Authors: Edwards Dale B. , Shah Anand R. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The lifetime assessment of polymeric products is complicated, and if the methodology utilized leads to inaccurate predictions, the mistakes could lead to financial loss as well as potential loss of life, depending on the service application of the product. This article provides information on the common aging mechanisms of polymeric materials and the common accelerated testing methods used to obtain relevant data that are used with the prediction models that enable service life assessment. Beginning with a discussion of what constitutes a product failure, this article then reviews four of the eight major aging mechanisms, namely environmental stress cracking, chemical degradation, creep, and fatigue, as well as the methods used in product service lifetime assessment for them. Later, several methods of service lifetime prediction that have gained industry-wide acceptance, namely the hydrostatic design basis approach, Miner's rule, the Arrhenius model, and the Paris Law for fatigue crack propagation, are discussed.
Engineering Plastics—An Introduction
Authors: Martin Peter 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis introductory article describes the various aspects of chemical structure that are important to an understanding of polymer properties and thus their eventual effect on the end-use performance of engineering plastics. The polymers covered include hydrocarbon polymers, carbon-chain polymers, heterochain polymers, and polymers containing aromatic rings. The article also includes some general information on the classification and naming of polymers and plastics. The most important properties of polymers, namely, thermal, mechanical, chemical, electrical, and optical properties, and the most significant influences of structure on those properties are then discussed. A variety of engineering thermoplastics, including some that are regarded as high-performance thermoplastics, are covered in this article. In addition, a few examples of commodity thermoplastics and biodegradable thermoplastics are presented for comparison. Finally, the properties and applications of six common thermosets are briefly considered.
Designing with Plastics
Authors: MacLean-Blevins Mark T. , Larson Eric R. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This article provides background information needed by design engineers to create part designs optimized for plastics and plastic manufacturing processes. It describes the four essential elements of plastic part development, namely, material, process, tooling, and design, and provides general design rules for the plastic forming processes covered. It also discusses the steps involved in design validation and verification.
Rheological Testing of Polymers
Authors: Kamykowski Gregory W. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Rheology is defined as the study of the flow and deformation of matter. This article begins with an examination of flow behavior. It describes the geometries and methods employed for rheological testing of polymers in their molten state. It also discusses materials that are predominantly in the solid state and the methods employed for solids testing. Examples of unidirectional and dynamic oscillatory testing are provided for different mechanical behaviors.
Analysis of Polymer Structure
Authors: Brown Chad , Hukill David 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article presents tools, techniques, and procedures that engineers and material scientists can use to investigate plastic part failures. It also provides a brief survey of polymer systems and the key properties that need to be measured during failure analysis. It describes the characterization of plastics by infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, thermomechanical analysis, and dynamic mechanical analysis. The article also discusses the use of X-ray diffraction for analyzing crystal phases and structures in solid materials.
Design-Related Failures of Plastic Parts
Authors: Kreuzer Steven M. , Reitman Maureen T.F. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A design may be improvable without presenting an unacceptable risk related to safety or performance. However, design-related failures can result from an oversight in performing one of the major design activities or from a failure to balance the competing demands inherent to part design. This article focuses on design-related failures in products utilizing polymeric materials, and reviews important considerations of the design envelope of plastic parts. The article provides a non-exhaustive list and descriptions of design tools that can support the design process and the prevention of design-related failures. It also discusses the most common causes of design-related failures of plastic parts. The article can assist in both failure analysis and in the prevention of failures in which design may be a contributing factor or a root cause.
The Failure Analysis Process—An Overview
Authors: Menna Todd J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Failure analysis is the process used to determine the cause of a failure. There is no definitive method for performing a failure analysis, and the method chosen is dependent upon the type of failure, the availability of background information, the tools available to perform the analysis, and the skills of the analyst. The information outlined in this article focuses on the general methodology while allowing for case-specific techniques to be utilized along the way. It covers the causes of failure, why a failure analysis is performed, the failure analysis process, the planning of failure analysis investigation, recommendations to prevent the need for a failure analysis, the implementation of product reviews, and forensic standards.
Crazing and Fracture in Polymers
Authors: Ensha Sya 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The discussion on the fracture of solid materials, both metals and polymers, customarily begins with a presentation of the stress-strain behavior and of how various conditions such as temperature and strain-rate affect the mechanisms of deformation and fracture. This article describes crazing and fracture in polymeric materials, with a review of the behavior of the elastic modulus as a function of temperature or time parameters, emphasizing the importance of the viscoelastic nature of their deformation and fracture. The discussion covers the behavior of polymers under stress, provides information on ductile and brittle behaviors, and describes craze initiation in polymers and crack formation and fracture by crazing. Macroscopic permanent deformation of polymeric materials caused by shear-yielding and crazing, which eventually can result in fracture and failure, is also covered.
A genetic algorithm for measuring the teaching services efficiency
Authors: Omran Khulood 
Published: March 2023

In this research a system has been designed depending on the optimization intelligence programming problems using the integer genetic algorithm in order to measure the collage efficiency in performing the teaching services. A genetic module has been designed for measuring the college efficiency following two styles: the first one is the integer genetic algorithm for solving direct integer constrained linear optimization and transformation style through transforming the problem from a complex formula into a simple one indirectly and hence through the latter, a zigzag crossover method has been used in the crossover process. Also the mutation function was used. It was obvious that the second method is more efficient than the first method by comparing the results of both.

في هذا البحث تم تصميم نظام معتمد على مسائل البرمجة الأمثلية باستخدام الخوارزمية الجينية الصحيحة في مجال التعليم وذلك لغرض قياس كفاءة احد الأقسام العلمية بإحدى الكليات في محافظة البصرة، في أداء الخدمات التعليمية ، حيث صمم نموذج جيني لقياس كفاءة الكلية. ويتضمن هذا البحث التفصيل الكامل للنموذج الجيني لتقييم المستوى التعليمي الذي يقدمه قسم علوم الحاسبات إلى الطلبة المنتسبين وتعريف بعض الرموز المستخدمة في تكوين النموذج . والمعلومات التي يتطلبها هذا النموذج وتشمل درجات التقييم والوقت الكلي المتوفر لأداء الخدمة والوقت اللازم لتقديم الخدمات التعليمية للطالب الواحد ولجميع الدروس. . وقد تم تنفيذ النموذج الجيني باستخدام الخوارزمية الجينية الصحيحة بأسلوبين الأسلوب المباشر للدوال الصحيحة المشروطة والثاني الأسلوب غير المباشر ( أسلوب التحويل) أي حل المسائل المشروطة بشكل غير مباشر بطريقة مبسطة، وبهذا الأسلوب تم استخدام تقنية التزاوج المتعرج (Zigzag Crossover Method) وأيضا تم إضافة تعديل على دالة الطفرة (Mutation) وقد ظهر أن الأسلوب الثاني أكثر كفاءةً من الأسلوب الأول من حيث السرعة في الحصول على النتائج .
Takagi-Sugeno-Kang(zero-order) model for diagnosis hepatitis disease
Authors: Salim Raidah S. 
Published: March 2023

The aim of this paper is to use Takagi-Sugeno-Kang(zero-order) model as fuzzy neural network for the medical diagnosis of hepatitis diseases which represent a major public health problem all around the world . For further improve the accuracy and the speed of the diagnosis, the Microarray Attribute Reduction Scheme (MARS) for reduction features (or attributes) and Mean Imputation (MI) method for treatment the missing values were used in this work. The used data source of hepatitis diseases was taken from UCI machine learning repository.
After treat the missing values problem by apply MI method, the dataset is partitioned into three trainingâ€“testing partitions (30%â€“70%, 40â€“60% and 20%â€“80% respectively) and apply MARS with different values of thr(from 0.1-0.9 ) in order to determine the number attributes (that represent the number of inputs to the fuzzy neural network), the results record in each case of thr values and each case of partitions. The high diagnosis accuracy has been achieved for the 40â€“60% trainingâ€“testing, namely, 100% for training and 95.77% for testing with thr equal to 0.4 and with less training cycle and fuzzy sets number. This work was implemented in MATLAB 7.0 environment.
Keywords: medical diagnosis, Fuzzy logic, fuzzy neural network, Microarray Attribute Reduction Scheme, Mean Imputation.