bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of tobacco use among patients visiting primary health centers in India: An exploratory study
Authors: Bhatia Gayatri , Joshi Krupal , Vakani Jayeshkumar 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background:
Tobacco is a public health concern at global and national levels. The state of Gujarat has 28.6% prevalence of tobacco use, 22% in males and 8% in females. Rajkot, the fourth largest and fastest growing city in Gujarat, is not free from the burden of tobacco use.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to assess the patterns of tobacco use and utilization of tobacco cessation services in the city of Rajkot.

Methodology:
This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted on adult tobacco users attending rural and urban primary healthcare centers (PHCs) in Rajkot. At least 16 participants were recruited from all 75 PHCs (a total of 1152) using probability sampling. Study instruments comprised semi-structured proforma, Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence, and readiness to change questionnaire. Responses were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0.

Results:
A total of 1161 participants were included. Smokeless tobacco (n = 967, 83.3%) was preferred over smoking. Mava was the most common smokeless tobacco preparation consumed. The median age of onset was 28 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 22–37), and the median duration of use was 5 years (IQR: 4–10). Males had a significantly greater duration of abstinence (U = 1218.6, P = 0.002), greater readiness to quit (χ
2 [df] = 35.66 [8], P = 0.001), and anticipated success (χ
2 [df] = 28.71 [8], P = 0.004) in abstaining. While utilization of tobacco cessation services was poor overall, counseling (32.5%) and nicotine replacement therapy (19%) were the most commonly used.

Conclusion:
There is a need for in-depth research on tobacco use among smaller communities, upscaling harm reduction services for tobacco use. Prevention and IEC initiatives need to be revamped considering the special needs of female tobacco users.
Mapping the Social Virtue of Youth as a Catalyst in the Dynamics of Eye Donation
Authors: Thakur Rakesh , Kumari Sumita 
Published: September 2023

Background:
The dynamics of eye donation and corneal transplantation is a beacon of hope in the life of a corneal blind person for sight restoration. Social virtues like altruism and helping others are reflected in the promotion of organ donation and in the metaphorical reference ‘gift of life’. Youth is not merely a future potential donor, but also a transmitter of eye donation.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to outline various facets of eye donation among students using KAP model, to explore the role of youth on eye donation and to measure the relationship between the willingness for eye donation and different components of students.

Materials and Methods:
A questionnaire administrated to 1179 students of Panjab University and its five affiliated colleges in Chandigarh, India.

Results:
Only 3.5% of respondents were found to have a good level of knowledge regarding the subject. Nearly 21.8% of respondents expressed a positive attitude towards eye donation. There were only 2.6% of respondents who showed a high level of practice. Over 92.6% of respondents indicated that youth could play a positive role in the promotion of eye donation. The socio-demographic variables of the respondents, such as age, gender, and education level had a linear relationship with the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice (P ≤ 0.01).

Conclusion:
Findings showed a hypothetical relationship between knowledge, attitude and practice in context of eye donation. There was a poor level of knowledge, neutral attitude and low level of practice among students regarding eye donation.
Does Acromioclavicular Joint Tenderness Affect the Outcome of Rotator Cuff Repair? A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Amit Priyadarshi , Malik Shahbaz S. , Massoud Samir Nabil 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to assess the functional outcome of rotator cuff repair (RCR) without distal clavicle excision (DCE) in patients with degenerative rotator cuff tear and acromio-clavicular joint (ACJ) tenderness.

Methods:
A cohort of 70 patients undergoing arthroscopic RCR without DCE were prospectively evaluated. Parameters such as the presence of ACJ arthritis on imaging and long head of biceps tendon (LHBT) pathology (intra-operative) were recorded. The ACJ tenderness and clinical outcome scores including Oxford shoulder score and quick-disability of arm, and shoulder and hand score were evaluated preoperatively and at 1-year postoperatively.

Results:
Four patients were lost to follow up. Of remaining 66 patients, ACJ tenderness was found in 50% of the total study population. ACJ tenderness showed significant positive correlation with biceps tendinopathy (R = 0.37, P = 0.002). Postoperatively, there was significant improvement in clinical outcome scores which were comparable in patients with or without ACJ tenderness. Among patients with tender ACJ, the tenderness resolved completely in 78.7% of patients.

Conclusions:
ACJ tenderness did not adversely affect the outcome following RCR. Furthermore, the patients with ACJ tenderness have higher incidence of LHBT tendinopathy.
Early Changes in the Bone Mineral Density on Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry Scan of Patients Undergoing Primary Cemented Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Athwal Aamna , Mahindra Pankaj , Garg Rajnish , Tiwari Punit , Kaur Harmeet , Jaura Sandeep Singh 
Published: September 2023

Background:
The known risk factors of osteoarthritis (OA) knee are aging and obesity while the risk factors of osteoporosis are aging and low body weight, so the relationship between all three is complex. Currently, the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) test is the gold standard in osteoporosis diagnostics. Many epidemiologic studies have revealed increased bone mineral density (BMD) in individuals with OA knee. The impact of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) on BMD levels is not fully understood. Concern has been raised regarding the increased risk of femoral and spine fractures early after TKA. Hence, we conducted this study to measure the BMD changes in the hip and spine in patients receiving TKA.

Materials and Methods:
It was a prospective interventional cohort study conducted from December 2018 to December 2020. The study included 43 patients admitted for elective TKA after applying the relevant inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were analyzed with DXA scans both preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively.

Results:
When we studied all the patients as one single sample, the initial observation was that at the 6-month follow-up, the patients showed a statistically significant improvement in the femur BMD score while the change in spine BMD was statistically insignificant. However, when subsets of the study sample, i.e. preoperatively normal, osteopenic, and osteoporotic patients, underwent further analysis, we found that out of 18 patients having normal BMD preoperatively, one patient developed osteopenia and another developed osteoporosis upon postoperative follow-up DXA scan. Similarly, one out of the eight patients, having osteoporosis preoperatively, improved a grade to osteopenia upon postoperative follow-up DXA scan. However, these changes were not statistically significant.

Conclusions:
we conclude that there is no statistically significant change in both the femur and the spine BMD at least 6-month follow-up postprimary TKA.
Comparative Reliability of 3-Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Arthroscopy Findings in Femoroacetabular Impingement
Authors: Tang Chun Hong , Rowbotham Emma , Pass Bill , Holton Colin , Robinson Philip 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:
We have found that 3-tesla magnetic resonance imaging (3TMRI) is as clinically effective as magnetic resonance (MR) arthrogram when it comes to investigating patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). It is also a noninvasive procedure that can be done more efficiently, with equivalent radiological and surgical outcomes. We would recommend 3TMRI as the primary investigation for patients presenting with FAI-type symptoms.

Methods:
This was a retrospective review of a single surgeon series of 59 operative cases, over 3 years. The inclusion criteria were arthroscopically confirmed diagnosis of FAI and preoperative imaging with 3TMRI scans. The surgical reports were analyzed and compared to the radiological reports, that were produced independently by two consultant musculoskeletal radiologists. The key findings included were the presence of labral tear, femoral CAM deformity, and acetabular and femoral cartilage damage.

Results:
We found that 3T MRI is sensitive in detecting the presence of labral tears and CAM deformities. (96% and 83% respectively). It was however, less sensitive in detecting femoral and acetabular cartilage damage. (50% and 69% respectively). The specificity of excluding cartilage wear on both the femoral and acetabular side was also high, (83% and 86%) but low for labral tears and CAM deformities (9% and 69%). The positive predictive value of 3TMRI was high in labral tears, CAM deformities, and acetabular wear (82%, 74%, and 97%) but low in predicting femoral cartilage damage (25%). The negative predictive value was high in detecting CAM lesions and femoral wear (80% and 94%) but low for labral tears and acetabular wear (33% and 27%).

Conclusion:
3T MRI is particularly good at detecting the presence of labral tears, and CAM deformities. It is less sensitive at detecting cartilage damage, but more accurate in diagnosing the location of cartilage wear when present. This is a level 3 study, being a retrospective case–control study. The clinical relevance of this study is to determine if the less invasive 3TMRI study can be used to substitute for MR arthrography in the diagnosis of FAI in patients.
Which Hemostatic Agent Works Best in Reducing Blood Loss in Total Knee Arthroplasty? - A Retrospective Study in University Clinical Hospital Mostar
Authors: Grle Maki , Franjic Damir , Karlovic Robert , Mandic Mladen , Prlic Jerko 
Published: September 2023

Context:
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is one of the most performed orthopedic surgeries worldwide. It is accompanied by high blood loss during and after the surgery.

Aims:
The study aims to determine if hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is superior to tranexamic acid (TXA) in reducing blood loss during TKA.

Subjects and Methods:
This research’s total number of participants was 101. Participants were divided into three groups based on the hemostatic agent they received: TXA, H2O2, and control. Postoperative blood loss was measured by taking a blood sample on the operation day, the 1st day, 7th day postoperatively, and on discharge from the hospital. The participants were compared according to blood loss during the timeline, amount of blood transfusions, loss in drains, and patella resurfacing.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Frequencies of nominal variables were analyzed using the Chi-square test. All continuous data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Distribution was normal so the significance of continuous variables was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance test.

Results:
Patients’ general characteristics, hospital stay, and preoperative hemoglobin (Hb) were similar among the groups. The TXA group had significantly lower Hb loss on the 1st (P = 0.019) and 7th (P = 0.035) postoperative day. The TXA group had the lower number of indicated transfusions (P = 0.001). Drainage blood loss was lowest in the TXA group (P < 0.014). Differences in the volume of lost blood, resurfaced patella, and blood group among the groups were not statistically significant.

Conclusions:
TXA proved to be more efficient than H2O2 in reducing blood loss, the need for transfusions, and drain blood loss in TKA.
Hill–Sachs Lesions Revisited
Authors: Itha Rajesh , Vaish Abhishek , Vaishya Raju 
Published: September 2023

Background:
The anterior shoulder instability is often associated with a bony defect in the humeral head which is known as a Hill–Sachs lesion that is caused by compression fracture. It causes significant disability, particularly in younger patients, due to recurrent shoulder instability. The severity of the instability, the extent of the defect, and the concomitant pathology of the capsule, labrum, and glenoid influence the treatment.

Purpose and Methods:
The purpose of this review paper is to provide up-to-date details of the clinical evaluation, current diagnostic tools, and treatment modalities. We shall also discuss the lacunae in the treatment guidelines, and suggest the treatment algorithm. We reviewed several articles in the literature (PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar) on this topic, especially the mechanism of injury, diagnosis, and treatment methods to produce a review article.

Conclusion:
There are multiple methods for diagnosing the Hill–Sachs lesion, but there is no commonly accepted technique for quantifying it. A thorough evaluation is mandatory to verify the associated pathology that can modify the treatment protocols. An algorithm has been proposed for the management of Hill–Sachs defects.
Experiences of Family Caregivers of People with Dementia during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study
Authors: AKYOL Merve Aliye , KÜÇÜKGÜÇLÜ Özlem , AKPINAR SÖYLEMEZ Burcu , GÖNEN ŞENTÜRK Seher , GÜL Baran 
Published: September 2023

Background: Given the rapid spread of the COVID-19 virus and an uncertain length of restrictions worldwide, it is extremely important to determine the experiences and needs of the caregivers of people with dementia (PwD).
Objectives: This study aimed to understand the experiences of family caregivers of PwD during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: This study was a descriptive qualitative study using in-depth interviews. The study sample consisted of 29 caregivers of PwD from January to February 2021 in western of Turkey. The content analysis technique was used to analyze the data.
Results: A range of themes were derived from the data. The experiences of caregivers of PwD were grouped into two main salient themes: difficulties and funding solutions. The experiences of caregivers during the pandemic process varied. Also, most caregivers had multiple and serious problems.
Conclusion: This study highlights the challenges and needs for family caregivers of PwD during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is important to better tackle the rapid challenges of families living with dementia by using feasible and effective care strategies.
Українська тюркологія у ХХ – на початку ХХІ ст.: розвиток і основні здобутки
Authors: Сорокін С.В. , Пророченко Н.О. 
Published: September 2023

Дослідження містить аналіз процесу становлення, професійного зростання та основних здобутків тюркологічних досліджень в Україні. Визначено, що поштовхом для розвитку української тюркології стало здобуття незалежності України у 1918 р. та утворення спеціальних наукових установ (Української Академії наук, Всеукраїнської наукової асоціації сходознавства, Тюркологічної комісії), які забезпечили розвиток тюркологічних розвідок. Особлива увага до тюркологічного напряму українських науковців-сходознавців визначалася тривалими історичними зв’язками українського населення з тюркськими народами України і становленням міждержавних відносин з Турецькою Республікою та необхідністю їх подальшого розвитку. Зазначено, що у часи панування радянської влади в Україні тюркологія занепадає через масові репресії проти українських тюркологів, руйнування наукових осередків у 1930-і рр. і відсутність спеціалізованих наукових установ і шкіл у подальшому, що було пов’язано з централізацією такого роду досліджень у Москві. Сприятливі умови для відродження тюркології як самостійного наукового напряму відбувається після відновлення незалежності України, що свідчить про актуальність і практичну значущість для нашої держави таких досліджень. Розвиток і наукові результати української тюркології є вагомим внеском у розбудову гуманітарних зв’язків між українським і тюркськими народами та державами. У статті представлено характеристику основних напрямів наукової діяльності українських тюркологів, узагальнення їхнього наукового спадку та аналіз тюркологічних розвідок. Звертається увага, що сучасною парадигмою розвитку тюркологічних досліджень в Україні стає розширення сфери дослідження українсько-турецьких відносин, поглиблення вивчення степових культур, що існували на території України та їхнього впливу на українську культуру і менталітет.
Analisis Yuridis Hak Pesangon Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja Pasca Berlakunya Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja
Authors: Maimun Akhmad , Maharani Kasih Natasia 
Published: September 2023

Pemutusan hubungan kerja bisa menimbulkan perselisihan antara pihak perusahaan dengan pihak karyawan. Pada masa pandemi Covid-19, banyak perusahaan yang melakukan tindakan PHK kepada karyawan yang diakibatkan oleh menurunnya pendapatan perusahaan. Permasalahan mulai timbul saat pesangon para karyawan tidak dibayarkan sesuai dengan jerih payah para karyawan saat bekerja di dalam perusahaan, sehingga memicu adanya aksi demo di berbagai titik dan kota di Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis terhadap hak pesangon pemutusan hubungan kerja setalah berlakunya undang-undang cipta kerja. Metode penulisan menggunakan metode yuridis normatif. Dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang- undangan dan konsep. Pengumpulan data dan analisis jurnal didapatkan dari Undang-Undang Nomor 6 tentang Penetapan Perpu, Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja”, dan “UU No. 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan”. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah dalam UU Cipta Kerja perusahaan wajib memberikan pesangon kepada pegawai akibat PHK. Dalam Undang-Undang tersebut dipaparkan bahwa hak pesangon didapatkan karyawan dari masa kerja kurang dari satu tahun sampai dengan delapan tahun atau lebih. Rincian pesangon yang didapatkan oleh karyawan adalah mulai dari pesangon satu bulan upah sampai dengan sembilan bulan upah. Akan tetapi pada Pasal 156 ayat 1 yang berbunyi “Dalam hal terjadi Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja, Pengusaha wajib membayar uang pesangon dan/atau uang penghargaan masa kerja dan uang penggantian hak yang seharusnya diterima.”. Pada pasal tersebut memaparkan pegawai bisa mendapatkan hak pesangon dan/atau uang penghargaan. Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian ini adalah berdasarkan analisis pada kajian Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja dipaparkan hasil bahwa saat karyawan mengalami PHK oleh perusahaan, maka karyawan berhak mendapatkan hak pesangon oleh perusahaan berdasarkan ketentuan yang berlaku.
O ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS ARTICULADO COM A ALFABETIZAÇÃO E O LETRAMENTO NUMA PERSPECTIVA INTERDISCIPLINAR
Authors: BEZERRA PETRONILDO , Silva de Lima Emiliana 
Published: September 2023

O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi investigar as contribuições de uma intervenção pedagógica de ciências da natureza estruturada com base na Teoria da Formação Planejada por Etapas das Ações Mentais e dos Conceitos de P. Ya. Galperin no processo de alfabetização e letramento, tendo em vista a necessidade de criar e analisar espaços formativos efetivos para a consolidação das aprendizagens da língua materna por meio da interface com o ensino de ciências. Para isso foram elaboradas atividades de acordo com as necessidades e características de cada etapa do processo, segundo o referencial teórico adotado. Os resultados obtidos proporcionaram um bom nível de formação dos conceitos e do desenvolvimento da alfabetização e do letramento dos estudantes. Os resultados apontam também para a concretização da interdisciplinaridade no currículo escolar.
A PROPOSTA DE PRODUÇÃO TEXTUAL NO LIVRO DIDÁTICO:
Authors: Mateus da Silva Emanuel 
Published: September 2023

Muito se discute sobre a situação do ensino no Brasil e, consequentemente, sobre os meios para que tenhamos uma educação de qualidade. Um dos aspectos diretamente relacionados a essa melhoria, a nosso ver, diz respeito ao letramento e ensino de produção textual na escola. Com o advento do letramento e das considerações acerca do gênero textual/discursivo para o ensino de língua portuguesa as orientações para a prática de ensino passou por modificações, dentre elas, o livro didático. O referido trabalho teve por objetivo analisar as propostas de produção textual presente no livro didático do 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental, sob a ótica do letramento. Logo, utilizamos como metodologia o estudo qualitativo com viés dedutivo-interpretativo do corpus da pesquisa. Apesar de todos os avanços quanto às discussões sobre o ensino de línguas, o livro didático ainda não trabalha as atividades de produção sob a perspectiva do letramento, necessitando que o docente explicite o uso social do gênero textual ensinado.
La educación en Costa Rica: hacia una propuesta necesaria
Authors: Rivera Alfaro Ronald , Porras Solís Ángel , Solórzano Alfaro Norman , Chinchilla Coto José Carlos , Jiménez Corrales Rafael 
Published: September 2023

Este ensayo analiza la necesaria, pero subestimada aclaración de las diferencias –conceptuales y de implicación pedagógica– entre la escuela y la educación, la cual permite encadenar las promesas, estrategias y acciones que el “sistema educativo costarricense” ha desarrollado, pero que merecen ser contrastadas con las condiciones materiales para el cumplimiento de los objetivos ministeriales propuestos. Se toman en consideración las diferencias –abismales– entre lo urbano y lo rural, entre las instituciones públicas, privadas y subvencionadas, con la intención de establecer un primer trazo de una propuesta crítica y propositiva, la cual se asumirá como un compromiso por mejorar el aprendizaje de los niños, niñas y juventudes, en tiempos de cambio y ajuste.
Huellas comunitarias en las trayectorias formativas de estudiantes del Instituto Superior Intercultural Ayuuk
Authors: Rivera Olvera María del Carmen , Morfín Otero Francisco , Mateos-Cortés Laura Selene 
Published: September 2023

En este artículo analizamos las “huellas comunitarias” que deja en las trayectorias de estudiantes indígenas el Instituto Superior Intercultural Ayuuk, una universidad comunitaria intercultural localizada en la región mixe de Oaxaca, México, caracterizada por ser independiente del modelo educativo intercultural propuesto por la entonces Coordinación General de Educación Intercultural y Bilingüe, y por pertenecer al Sistema Universitario Jesuita. El objetivo de la investigación fue identificar y analizar en las trayectorias de estudiantes indígenas en su paso por la universidad las improntas que les deja el carácter comunal de su experiencia universitaria. Durante el trabajo etnográfico se aplicaron entrevistas semiestructuradas en profundidad y observación participante a ocho jóvenes de distintos semestres de la Licenciatura en Educación Intercultural. El análisis implementado, a través de la Teoría Fundamentada mostró que las trayectorias de formación son multidimensionales y que se configuran con experiencias obtenidas no sólo en el contexto áulico, sino con un fuerte peso comunitario y familiar. Además, ilustran que la inmersión en el modelo educativo comunitario e intercultural y las dinámicas que genera su respectiva “vida universitaria” desencadenan en los jóvenes transformaciones identitarias que los llevan a redescubrir y a revalorar su territorio, su lengua, su ser indígena.