bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unpacking the ‘black box’: Improving ecological interpretation of regression‐based models
Authors: Prasad Anantha , Peters Matthew , Matthews Stephen , Iverson Louis 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimMany tree species distribution models use black‐box machine learning techniques that often neglect interpretative aspects and instead focus mainly on maximizing predictive accuracy. In this study, we outline an interpretative modelling framework to gain better ecological insights while mapping abundance patterns of six North American species.LocationContinental United States and Canada.MethodsWe develop an innovative procedure using regression trees by stabilizing variance, and mapping dominant rules which we term ‘optimized regression tree bagging for interpretation and mapping’ (ORTBIM). We apply this technique to understand ecological features influencing the abundance patterns of three eastern (Pinus strobus, Acer saccharum and Quercus montana), and three western (Picea engelmannii, Pinus ponderosa and Pseudotsuga menziesii) tree species in North America. For these species, we assess and map the dominant climate–terrain interactions that partly determine abundance patterns in the eastern and western regions. In the process, we examine the role of varying responses and scales and explore finer‐scale species climate–terrain niches and non‐linear relationships.ResultsOur study emphasizes the prominent role of elevation and heat–moisture variables in the west and the greater importance of seasonal precipitation and seasonal temperature in the east. The abundance patterns under future climate (SSP5‐8.5) show climate–terrain habitats shifting northward and westward into Canada and Alaska for the eastern species, and predominantly north‐westward for the western species.ConclusionOur interpretative modelling framework can be used to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the abundance patterns across the full species range, formulate better predictive models and facilitate improved management practices under climate change.
Evaluation of the effects of ezetimibe on albuminuria and kidney fat in individuals with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease
Authors: Heinrich Niels Søndergaard , Pedersen Rune Ploegstra , Vestergaard Mark Bitsch , Lindberg Ulrich , Andersen Ulrik Bjørn , Haddock Bryan , Hansen Tine Willum , Fornoni Alessia , Larsson Henrik Bo Wiberg , Rossing Peter 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate the effects of ezetimibe on the urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) and kidney parenchyma fat content (kidney‐PF) in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and early chronic kidney disease.Materials and MethodsA randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study of ezetimibe 10 mg once daily for 16 weeks in individuals with T2D and a UACR of 30 mg/g or higher was conducted. Kidney‐PF was assessed with magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Geometric mean changes from baseline were derived from linear regressions.ResultsA total of 49 participants were randomized to ezetimibe (n = 25) or placebo (n = 24). Overall, mean ± standard deviation age was 67 ± 7 years, body mass index was 31 ± 4 kg/m2 and the proportion of men was 84%. The mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was 76 ± 22 mL/min/1.73m2 and median (first‐third quartile) UACR was 95 (41‐297) mg/g. Median kidney‐PF was 1.0% (0.3%‐2.1%). Compared with placebo, ezetimibe did not significantly reduce UACR (mean [95% confidence interval] change: −3% [−28%‐31%]) or kidney‐PF (mean change: −38% [−66%‐14%]). In participants with baseline kidney‐PF above the median, ezetimibe reduced kidney‐PF significantly (mean change: −60% [−84%‐−3%]) compared with placebo, while the reduction in UACR was not significant (mean change: −28% [−54%‐15%]).ConclusionsEzetimibe did not reduce the UACR or kidney‐PF on top of modern T2D management. However, kidney‐PF was reduced with ezetimibe in participants with high baseline kidney‐PF.
Diabetes, fasting blood glucose and the efficacy of remote ischaemic conditioning: A secondary analysis of the RICAMIS trial
Authors: Zhang Yi‐Na , Dai Ying‐Jie , Cui Yu , Wu Qiong , Zhang Nan‐Nan , Chen Hui‐Sheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate whether diabetes and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels affect the efficacy of remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC) using the database included in the Remote Ischaemic Conditioning for Acute Moderate Ischaemic Stroke (RICAMIS) trial.MethodsA total of 1707 patients were enrolled in this post hoc study, including 535 patients with diabetes and 1172 without diabetes. Each group was further divided into RIC and control subgroups. The primary outcome was excellent functional outcome, defined as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0 to 1 at 90 days. The difference in the proportion of patients with excellent functional outcome between the RIC subgroup and control subgroup was compared in diabetic and non‐diabetic patients, respectively, and the interactions of treatment assignment with diabetes status and FBG were evaluated.ResultsCompared with the control group, RIC produced a significantly higher proportion of patients with excellent functional outcome in the non‐diabetic group (70.5% vs. 63.2%; odds ratio [OR] 1.487, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.134‐1.949; P = 0.004), while a similar, but not significant difference was observed in the diabetic group (65.3% vs. 59.8%; OR 1.424, 95% CI 0.978‐2.073; P = 0.065). Similar results were observed in patients with normal FBG levels (69.3% vs. 63.7%; OR 1.363, 95% CI 1.011‐1.836; P = 0.042) and those with high FBG levels (64.2% vs. 58%; OR 1.550, 95% CI 1.070‐2.246; P = 0.02). Furthermore, we did not find an interaction effect of intervention (RIC or control) by different diabetes status or FBG levels on clinical outcomes (P > 0.05 for all). However, diabetes (OR 0.741, 95% CI 0.585‐0.938; P = 0.013) and high FBG (OR 0.715, 95% CI 0.553‐0.925; P = 0.011) were independently associated with functional outcomes in patients overall.ConclusionDiabetes and FBG levels did not influence the neuroprotective effect of RIC in acute moderate ischaemic stroke, although diabetes and high FBG levels were independently associated with functional outcomes.
Fine earth soil bulk density at 0.2 m depth from Land Use and Coverage Area Frame Survey (LUCAS) soil 2018
Authors: Pacini Lorenza , Yunta Felipe , Jones Arwyn , Montanarella Luca , Barrè Pierre , Saia Sergio , Chen Songchao , Schillaci Calogero 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSoil Bulk Density (BD) is an extremely important variable because it is an important site characterization parameter, and it is highly relevant for policy development because it is mandatory for calculating soil nutrient stocks. BD can influence soil chemical properties, land‐use planning and agronomic management. The 2018 Land Use and Coverage Area Frame Survey (LUCAS) saw the unprecedented collection of BD core analysis in a subset of the locations in Europe and the United Kingdom where soil physical and chemical properties were analysed in the 2009 and the 2015 sampling campaigns. Here, we integrated the LUCAS 2018 BD sampling campaign with the mass fraction of coarse fragments previously determined in LUCAS 2009–2015 in order to provide a dataset of the volume fraction of coarse fragments and the BD of the fine earth and improve soil organic carbon (SOC) stock estimation accuracy for topsoil. BD data sampled at 0–10 and 10–20 cm were averaged to harmonize the BD with the mass fraction of coarse fragments measured in 2009, 2012 and 2015. Samples were from cropland, grassland and woodland soils, which accounted for 41%, 21% and 30%, respectively, of the total number of selected sites (n = 6059); ‘bareland’, and ‘shrubland’ accounted for 3% of the sites each, whereas ‘artificial land’ accounted for <1%. Only six samples were classified as ‘wetland’. The dataset was produced assuming the mass density of the coarse fraction to be constant across all LUCAS soil samples. We also estimated the SOC stocks associated with LUCAS 2018 BD and SOC content measurements and showed that correcting the BD by the coarse mass fraction instead of the coarse volume fraction generates SOC stock underestimation. We found the highest deviations in woodlands and shrublands. We showed that, when SOC stock is computed with coarse mass fraction, the error compared with the computation by volume may vary depending on the SOC and coarse mass fraction. This may imply a SOC stock underestimation for European soils. This dataset fits into the big framework of LUCAS soil properties monitoring and contributes both to soil awareness and soil research and assessments, which are two important objectives of the Soil Strategy and the European Soil Observatory (EUSO).
The Creed of Nicaea
Authors: Kinzig Wolfram 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article gives an account of the discussions about the creed that took place at the Council of Nicaea in 325. It considers major problems regarding its origin and history and outlines the circumstances of its composition, its peculiar structure, and its purpose on the basis of the latest research. Finally, it discusses the legacy of Nicaea for today's theology. The theological development that began at Nicaea in 325 and culminated in the victory of the Neo‐Nicenes at Constantinople in 381 brought about a conceptual clarification that helped to establish a wide consensus regarding how the Christian God and God's saving work in Christ and in the Holy Spirit is described. This development continues to influence Christian theology after 1700 years, despite heavy criticism in recent decades, some of it justified. It is to be hoped that the anniversary of Nicaea is an encouragement to go beyond commemorating the golden age of patristics by developing new ways to communicate the significance of the incarnation, passion, and resurrection of Christ for our salvation to a wider public.
Consumption of shark products: The interface of sustainability, trade (mis)labelling, human health and human rights
Authors: Hasan Md Robiul , Chaplin Jennifer A. , Spencer Peter B. , Braccini Matias 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSharks and rays evolved 450 million years ago, during the Late Ordovician Period. However, during the modern Anthropocene, shark populations have declined at considerable rates, and recent global assessments indicate about one in three species is threatened with extinction. A notable reason for this elevated extinction risk is overfishing linked to increased demand for shark fins and other products. Here, we review multiple dimensions of consuming shark products, ranging from stock sustainability, product (mis)labelling and trade, the human health implications of consuming shark products, and illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and slavery and labour abuses in the fishing industry. We conclude that traceability and increased transparency in seafood supply chains is essential to overcome obstacles to consumption of sustainable, ethical and healthy shark products. We also provide a decision tree outlining steps in consumer choice that would foster such consumption. Our aim is to provide a holistic view on issues concerning the consumption of shark products that will help policymakers, the public, management and law enforcement agencies to advocate for ecologically‐ and ethically sustainable consumption of shark products and thereby empower the general public to make informed decisions on which shark products they consume.
Parental competences in fathers and mothers of very‐low‐birth‐weight preterm infants
Authors: Jiménez‐Luque Natalia , Benavente‐Fernández Isabel , Ruiz‐González Estefanía , Lubián‐López Simón , Sánchez‐Sandoval Yolanda 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe goal was to analyze parental competences in Spanish families with very‐low‐birth‐weight infants (≤32 weeks and/or less 1500 g) over 18 months of corrected age.BackgroundParenting in families of very preterm infants is an interesting focus of research as we advance in the knowledge of how parental competences can have an important impact on child development.MethodSixty‐eight mothers and 56 fathers completed measures of parental competences, sociofamily risk, parental stress, social support, and emotional symptoms. Clinical characteristics and neonatal medical risk data were collected after birth. Statistical analyses were performed to compare parental competences with those of mothers and fathers of non‐preterm infants. Generalized estimating equations were used for analysis, adjusted by family unit.ResultsMothers and fathers of preterm infants score higher in most dimensions of parental competences compared to a control group. Focusing on the preterm population, mothers score higher than fathers in daily involvement and mentalization and lower in parental self‐care. When studied separately, we found different scores for fathers and mothers in parental competences (sociofamily risk, parental stress, social support, and emotional symptoms).ConclusionParents of preterm infants present better parental competences than parents of non‐preterm infants when their children reach 18 months of age. It is important to consider the differences in parental competences between the mothers and fathers of these children.ImplicationsOur findings suggest the need to address parental competences to develop preventive and adaptive strategies in parents of preterm infants to promote positive parenting.
A random forest‐based fatigue damage classification framework using global loading and displacement information
Authors: Lee Wayne , Dharmadhikari Susheel , Basak Amrita 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe article presents a random forest‐based damage classification methodology built upon the force and displacement data obtained via fatigue testing of Al7075‐T6 specimens. Four features, namely, average displacement (D), material stiffness (ST), energy dissipation rate (EDR), and cumulative energy dissipation (CED), are defined from the collected data. These features are classified into healthy and cracked states based on the information obtained from a high‐resolution confocal microscope and a digital microscope. Random forest‐based classifiers are, thereafter, trained and tested using the individual as well as different combinations of the four features. The results reveal that, when used individually, CED shows the best accuracy of 80% in detecting a fatigue crack. When two or more pairs of features are used, the accuracy increases significantly to beyond 95%. CED is observed to be the most important feature for developing efficient classifiers for fatigue crack detection. The results demonstrate that the random forest classifier is a viable option to accurately detect fatigue damage based on the four features using only global information.
Intense pressure on small and juvenile coral reef fishes threatens fishery production in Madagascar
Authors: Ranaivomanana Harinirina Sandra , Jaquemet Sébastien , Ponton Dominique , Behivoke Faustinato , Randriatsara Roddy Michel , Mahafina Jamal , Léopold Marc 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSize‐based indicators are appropriate for monitoring status and guiding management of multi‐species, multi‐gear fisheries, such as coral reef fisheries. From May 2018 to April 2019, size distribution and composition of coral reef fish catches were monitored through a participatory landing survey in southwestern Madagascar. Fishers targeted a large diversity of fish taxa (75 families) and range of sizes (1.6–86 cm). Five predominant gears accounted for most of the catch (1360 [±39] t), including mosquito net trawl (27.7%), beach seine (26.8%), speargun (7.2%), gillnet (30.6%), and handline (7.1%). Due to widespread use of gears made from mosquito nets, 75% of fishes smaller than 9 cm and 47% of juvenile fishes were represented in the total catch number. Large‐size taxa (Scaridae, Lethrinidae, Siganidae, Acanthuridae, Synodontidae, Mullidae, and Labridae) were mostly harvested as juveniles. Catches varied by 8%–70% throughout the year. Size of coral reef fish, annual catches, and catch rates all declined since the 1990s.
Fluorescent Dyes as Partitioning Tracers for the Estimation of NAPL‐Mass Saturation in Porous Media
Authors: Visitacion‐Carrillo Sofia , Colombano Stéfan , Fatin‐Rouge Nicolas , Davarzani Dorian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAccurate estimation of the nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) saturation such as chlorinated organic compounds (COCs) in aquifers is crucial for the proper remediation of contaminated groundwater. A combination of conservative and partitioning tracers (PTs) are commonly used to assess NAPL saturations in the subsurface at COC release sites, using the partitioning interwell tracer test (PITT). In this study, five fluorescent dyes were assessed as PTs to estimate the saturation of octanol and 3 COC NAPLs in soil columns. PT experiments required an initial assessment of both partitioning (NAPL/water and octanol/water) and linear free‐energy relations. The predictability of the partition coefficients was correlated to the pH of the two‐phase fluids for both systems (NAPL/water and octanol/water). The COC NAPLs were acidic and some PTs with acid‐base properties, like fluorescein, are easily influenced by pH. The PITT experiments were performed in a column packed with glass beads, using rhodamine WT as PT because of its particular specificity for the complex mixture of NAPLs and sodium chloride as the inert tracer. Breakthrough curves of rhodamine WT were examined to estimate the saturation of a NAPL made of a complex mixture of COCs. The DNAPL residual saturation estimation accuracy was sensitive to both pH variations and the water velocity. The latter was represented by an exponential function which resulted from non‐equilibrium measurements, heterogeneous sweeping of the contaminated sample, and redistribution of the NAPL droplets in the medium.
Healthcare interventions for older people with dementia and family caregivers in Europe: A scoping review
Authors: García‐Vivar Cristina , Konradsen Hanne , Kolbrun Svavarsdóttir Erla , Brødsgaard Anne , Dieperink Karin B. , Luttik Marie‐Louise , Mahrer‐Imhof Romy , Østergaard Birte , Imhof Lorenz 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimThis study aimed to examine the extent, range and variety of research in Europe describing healthcare interventions for older people with dementia (PwD) and family caregivers.MethodsThis was a scoping review and followed the PRISMA Scoping Review guideline. MEDLINE, CINAHL and Cochrane library databases were searched for studies published between 2010 and 2020. Studies reporting healthcare interventions in Europe for PwD over 65 years and their family caregivers were included.ResultsTwenty‐one studies from six European countries were included. The types of healthcare intervention identified were categorized as follows: (1) family unit intervention (interventions for both PwD and their family caregiver), (2) individual intervention (separate interventions for PwD or family caregivers) and (3) family caregiver only intervention (interventions for family caregivers only but with outcomes for both PwD and family caregivers).ConclusionsThis review provides insight into healthcare interventions for older PwD and family caregivers in Europe. More studies are needed that focus on the family as a unit of care in dementia.
Representation of visible minorities in Canada's public service: Slow but significant progression
Authors: Opare‐Addo Joyce 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study examined the representation of visible minority (VM) employees in Canada's public service to clarify the extent to which Canada's Employment Equity Act (EEA) for diversity and equity management has influenced VM employment outcomes, with a focus on executive (leadership) and professional representation. Data from EEA annual reports (1997–2020) were analysed, and the results for VMs in the public service were juxtaposed with those for VMs in the broader labour market. VM employees' numerical representation under the EEA had increased and was slowly trending upwards in executive roles, exceeding their workforce availability in 2020. However, the representation of VMs in public service failed to match their actual proportion in the larger Canadian population. This group had a stronger representation in scientific and professional occupations, reflecting current immigration policies' support for skilled migration. The VM workforce in the broader labour market lacked equal representation, which indicates significant policy implications.
Genomic inbreeding estimation, runs of homozygosity, and heterozygosity‐enriched regions uncover signals of selection in the Quarter Horse racing line
Authors: Santos Wellington B. , Pereira Camila B. , Maiorano Amanda M. , Arce Cherlynn D. Silva , Baldassini Welder A. , Pereira Guilherme L. , Chardulo Luis Artur L. , Neto Otávio R. M. , Oliveira Henrique N. , Curi Rogério A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWith the advent of genomics, significant progress has been made in the genetic improvement of livestock species, particularly through increased accuracy in predicting breeding values for selecting superior animals and the possibility of performing a high‐resolution genetic scan throughout the genome of an individual. The main objectives of this study were to estimate the individual genomic inbreeding coefficient based on runs of homozygosity (FROH), to identify and characterize runs of homozygosity and heterozygosity (ROH and ROHet, respectively; length and distribution) throughout the genome, and to map selection signatures in relevant chromosomal regions in the Quarter Horse racing line. A total of 336 animals registered with the Brazilian Association of Quarter Horse Breeders (ABQM) were genotyped. One hundred and twelve animals were genotyped using the Equine SNP50 BeadChip (Illumina, USA), with 54,602 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; 54K). The remaining 224 samples were genotyped using the Equine SNP70 BeadChip (Illumina, USA) with 65,157 SNPs (65K). To ensure data quality, we excluded animals with a call rate below 0.9. We also excluded SNPs located on non‐autosomal chromosomes, as well as those with a call rate below 0.9 or ap‐value below 1 × 10−5for Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. The results indicate moderate to high genomic inbreeding, with 46,594 ROH and 16,101 ROHet detected. In total, 30 and 14 candidate genes overlap with ROH and ROHet regions, respectively. The ROH islands showed genes linked to crucial biological processes, such as cell differentiation (CTBP1,WNT5B, andTMEM120B), regulation of glucose metabolic process (MAEAandNKX1‐1), heme transport (PGRMC2), and negative regulation of calcium ion import (VDAC1). In ROHet, the islands showed genes related to respiratory capacity (OR7D19,OR7D4G,OR7D4E, andOR7D4J) and muscle repair (EGFRandBCL9). These findings could aid in selecting animals with greater regenerative capacity and developing treatments for muscle disorders in the QH breed. This study serves as a foundation for future research on equine breeds. It can contribute to developing reproductive strategies in animal breeding programs to improve and preserve the Quarter Horse breed.