bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clay ingestion adverse health experiences during pregnancy among African women in London
Authors: Madziva Cathrine , Njoroge Kezia Muthoni , Chinouya Martha Judith 
Published: February 2025

Background/Aims Scientific evidence points to the health risks associated with clay ingestion during pregnancy. However, little is known about African migrant women's self-reported adverse health experiences from the practice, as well as adapted mitigating measures. This study aimed to explore these experiences to diversify the knowledge base. Methods This qualitative study used an interpretative phenomenological approach. Data were gathered from a purposive sample of 30 participants through individual semi-structured interviews. The data were analysed thematically. Results Self-reported adverse health experiences were mainly constipation and iron deficiency anaemia. Remedies applied included increased fibre and water intake, a traditional herb-clay mixture and medical interventions in the form of constipation pumps and laxatives. Anaemia resulted in blood transfusion and iron infusion in some cases. Conclusions Despite the known risks or drawbacks, many women continued to ingest clay during pregnancy, as it was a traditional or cultural practice in their communities. This could cause effects severe enough to merit medical intervention. Implications for practice Community-led interventions in collaboration with public health authorities and practitioners that engage women regarding the potential health risks for mothers and their babies should be prioritised.
Does composite bone resection for soft-tissue sarcoma with cortical contact result in better local control and survival compared to sub-periosteal dissection?
Authors: Qu Hao , Wang Keyi , Shi Cangyi , Li Hengyuan , Li Xiumao , Lin Peng , Lin Nong , Ye Zhaoming 
Published: February 2025

AimsOsseous invasion exhibited in soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) is recognized as a prognostic risk factor. Achieving a wide margin is the default surgical approach for local control. However, for STSs where the tumour is in contact with the adjacent cortex but without clear evidence of osseous invasion, such as medullary invasion, the question of whether bone resection can provide better local control or survival than more conservative sub-periosteal excision remains controversial. The aim of this study was to assess whether bone resection for thigh STS with cortical contact of the adjacent bone results in better local control and survival compared to sub-periosteal dissection, and to investigate the prognostic factors for clinical outcomes in STS.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted on 142 patients with thigh STS exhibiting cortical contact but without medullary invasion, from May 2000 to May 2020. Patients underwent either composite bone resection or sub-periosteal excision. Demographics, clinical outcomes, and functional outcomes were compared between the two groups. Additionally, Cox regression analysis was used to analyze risk factors for local recurrence.ResultsThe five-year overall survival, local recurrence-free survival, and metastasis-free survival among patients with bone resection was 74.0%, 65.9%, and 74.1%, respectively, compared to 72.9%, 68.3%, and 72.0%, respectively, among patients with sub-periosteal excision. The cumulative incidence of recurrence was 33.1% for patients who underwent bone and 36.4% for those with sub-periosteal excision (p = 0.681). In multivariate analysis, STS with high Fédération Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre Le Cancer (FNCLCC) grade, invasion involving posterior intermuscular septum, medial intermuscular septum, and adductor brevis were found to be associated with poorer prognosis. The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score in the bone resection group was 24.7, significantly lower than the 28.3 in the sub-periosteal group (p < 0.001).ConclusionRoutine bone resection failed to improve local control or survival in STS patients with cortical bone contact, but resulted in significantly impaired postoperative function. A more conservative sub-periosteal excision approach may be preferable for these cases.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2025;6(2):215–226.
Changes in energy homeostasis, gut peptides, and gut microbiota in Emiratis with obesity after bariatric surgery
Authors: Ali Ahmad Manal , Venema Koen , Ayoub Moubareck Carole , Wazz Gabi , Mahdy Tarek , Karavetian Mirey 
Published: February 2025

Background
Obesity is a growing health concern worldwide, including United Arab Emirates. Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment option, with to date unclear weight loss mechanisms. In this prospective study, we explored post-bariatric surgery changes in energy homeostasis, gut peptides, hormones, and gut microbiota.

Method
We recruited 19 Emirati adults who were planning to undergo sleeve gastrectomy (SG). We assessed the energy requirements using 24-hour diet recalls, indirect calorimetry for resting energy expenditure (REE), and a questionnaire for appetite.
Anthropometrics included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, fat mass, fat-free mass, and percentage of body fat. Gut peptides, including peptide YY (PYY), glucagon-like peptide-1/2 (GLP-1/2), ghrelin (GHR), cholecystokinin (CCK), insulin, and leptin, were quantified using ELISA. Gut microbiota composition at phylum and genus levels, including the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio and alpha (α) and beta (β) diversity, was determined by sequencing amplicons of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA at baseline and three months post-surgery. Comparisons used paired sample T-test, Wilcoxon, and McNemar test. QIIME 2 was used to identify taxa and their relative abundance; subsequent analyses were done in R for (α) and (β) diversity (package qiime2R) and Wilcoxon signed-rank test in R for differences in microbiota at phylum and genus levels. We conducted Spearman correlation analyses between genera and energy homeostasis, appetite, anthropometrics, hormones, and gut peptides.

Results
At three months post-SG, energy intake, appetite, all anthropometric indices, insulin, leptin, and GLP-1 significantly decreased; PYY and GHR significantly increased, and REE was stable. β-diversity of the gut microbiota and its composition at phylum and genus levels significantly changed post-surgery, yet F/B remained constant. Energy intake, BMI, and appetite negatively correlated with several taxa that significantly increased post-SG.

Conclusion
Gut peptides, hormones, and microbiota change partly account for bariatric surgery’s weight-loss benefits. Understanding these alterations can inform personalized interventions targeting obesity.
Association between neutrophile-to-lymphocyte ratio and risk of deep vein thrombosis in patient receiving lower extremity orthopedic surgery: A meta-analysis
Authors: Chen I-Wen , Wang Wei-Ting , Hung Kuo-Chuan 
Published: February 2025

Objective
This meta-analysis aimed to quantitatively synthesize evidence on the association between the preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients undergoing lower extremity orthopedic surgery.

Methods
Medline, Embase, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched for observational studies that examined the relationship between preoperative NLR and DVT risk in patients undergoing lower extremity procedures. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects models.

Results
Ten studies involving 5,697 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled incidence of DVT across the studies was 13.8% (95% CI: 9.7%–19.2%). Elevated NLR was associated with a two-fold increase in the risk of DVT (odds ratio [OR] 2.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.39–3.12, p = 0.0004, I2 = 85%). Patients who developed DVT had a higher NLR than those who did not (mean difference: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.37 to 1.48, p =  0.001, I2 =  86%). Among the patient characteristics, male sex (OR 1.51, 95% CI: 1.12–2.03), diabetes mellitus (OR 1.60, 95% CI: 1.06–2.41), and hypertension (OR 1.43, 95% CI: 1.06–1.93) were significantly associated with increased DVT risk. Subgroup analysis based on the timing of DVT occurrence (preoperative vs. postoperative) revealed no significant difference in the association between NLR and DVT risk.

Conclusion
Elevated preoperative NLR was significantly associated with increased DVT risk in patients undergoing lower extremity orthopedic surgery. NLR may serve as a useful biomarker for DVT risk stratification in this population. Prospective studies are needed to validate its predictive value and evaluate NLR-guided thromboprophylaxis strategies.

Trial registration
PROSPERO registration number: CRD42024577952.
Comparative efficacy and safety of dupilumab versus newly approved biologics and JAKi in pediatric atopic dermatitis: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Liao Qiwei , Pan Hanwen , Guo Yixin , Lan Yuxiang , Huang Zhuo , Wu Peiyi 
Published: February 2025

Background
The newly approved biologics and Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) for pediatric atopic dermatitis (AD) offer additional options for clinical treatment. However, the efficacy and safety differences compared to the first approved biologic, dupilumab, remain unclear. Therefore, a network meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate these differences and identify potentially superior agents.

Methods
This systematic review was PROSPERO-registered (CRD42024583658). Randomized controlled trials involving pediatric patients (<18 years old) published in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library up to October 27, 2024 were searched and screened. RevMan software was utilized for quality assessment, and meta-analysis was performed using R version 4.4.1. Efficacy measures included the Investigator’s Global Assessment (IGA), the Numeric Rating Scale for Itch (NRS), and the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI). The results of these measures were expressed as odds ratios (OR), while treatment rankings of different interventions were determined using the P-score.

Result
This study included 11 trials involving 7 agents and 2,352 pediatric patients. The results indicated that dupilumab (300 mg) showed better outcomes than placebo in IGA-0/1 (OR =  4.68, 95% CI: 2.53–8.63), NRS-4 (OR =  6.75, 95% CI: 3.85–11.86), and all EASI outcomes. Tralokinumab may be the most effective option for alleviating pruritus (P-score for NRS-4, 0.8447). Upadacitinib (30 mg) performed best in IGA-0/1 (P-score, 0.9414), EASI-90 (P-score, 0.9926), and EASI-75 (P-score, 0.9707). Dupilumab (300 mg) had a higher risk of nasopharyngitis compared to placebo (OR = 2.15, 95%CI: 1.04–4.43). Compared to both placebo and dupilumab (300 mg), adverse event rates were higher with upadacitinib (15 mg and 30 mg), and upper respiratory tract infection risk was elevated with baricitinib (2 mg and 4 mg) and tralokinumab (300 mg).

Conclusion
The efficacy of dupilumab for pediatric AD remains substantial, while other agents including upadacitinib, delgocitinib, and tralokinumab also present certain advantages. Future clinical trials may necessitate further evaluation of safety concerns.
A ribosome-interacting jumbophage protein associates with the phage nucleus to facilitate efficient propagation
Authors: Wannasrichan Wichanan , Krobthong Sucheewin , Morgan Chase J. , Armbruster Emily G. , Gerovac Milan , Yingchutrakul Yodying , Wongtrakoongate Patompon , Vogel Jörg , Aonbangkhen Chanat , Nonejuie Poochit , Pogliano Joe , Chaikeeratisak Vorrapon 
Published: February 2025

Bacteriophages must hijack the gene expression machinery of their bacterial host to efficiently replicate. Recently, we have shown that the early-expressed protein gp014 of Pseudomonas nucleus-forming phage phiKZ forms a stable complex with the host ribosomes and modulates the overall protein expression profile during phage infection. Here, we discover a nucleus-forming phage, designated Churi, that is closely related to phiKZ. Churi encodes gp335, a homolog of gp014-phiKZ, which is expressed during the early stages of infection, and its overexpression in bacterial cells interferes with bacterial growth, suggesting its role in phage-host interplay. We predict experimentally that gp335 also interacts with host ribosomal proteins, similar to its homolog gp014-phiKZ, thereby strengthening its involvement in protein translation during phage infection. We further show that GFP-tagged gp335 specifically localizes by clustering around the phage nucleus and remains associated with it throughout the infection cycle. The CRISPR-Cas13-mediated deletion of gp335 reveals that the mutant phage fails to replicate efficiently, resulting in an extended latent period. Altogether, our study demonstrates that gp335 is an early-expressed protein of the Chimallivirus Churi that localizes in proximity to the phage nucleus, likely serving a role in localized translation to ensure efficient phage propagation.
Development of a digital twin for data-driven modeling of punch-bending processes using a graphical modeling notation
Authors: Peters Henning , Mazur Andreas , Pandey Ankit Kumar , Trächtler Ansgar , Hammer Barbara , Homberg Werner 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In punch-bending, products such as brackets, electronic contacts or spring elements are produced from wire-shaped semi-finished products using separation processes and several successive forming processes. Within the multi-stage straightening and bending processes, cross-stage and quantity-dependent effects have a significant influence on the quality of the end product. In order to optimize the punch-bending process with regard to the resulting component deviations and waste rate, this article presents the concept of a digital twin for an innovative hybrid model of a multi-stage punch-bending process. To ensure efficient development and implementation of the digital twin, the graphical modeling notation DSL4DPiFS is used for additional support. It makes it possible to derive the required interfaces of the Asset Administration Shell of the hybrid data-driven model.
Change and Location: A New and Old Case against Functionality
Authors: Marion Florian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper, I shall discuss the question whether a concrete object can be multi-located while it is moving or not. I shall say nothing on the vexed issue of multi-location in and for itself. Instead, my discussion will support a ‘might’-conditional claim: ‘if multi-location were possible, then change might imply multi-location’. To do this, after a very short clarification of the various meanings of ‘to be located’, I will first present and discuss Diodorus’ arguments against the reality of motion, since they focus on the question of what the location of the moving item is, and then scrutinize Hegel’s reply to Diodorus’ reasonings, insofar as his answer consists in claiming that an object in motion is in many locations at once. This paper aims to explore the various metaphysical possibilities concerning the logic of location underlying change.
Fundamental systems of solutions of some linear differential equations of higher order
Authors: Fecenko Jozef 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The article deals with the issue of the existence of fundamental systems for solving some types of homogeneous linear differential equations with constant coefficients, which are created using higher derivatives of the so-called fundamental function. The first part of the article also partially expands on new information from the article [4]. Some interesting results are presented: Let f(x) = xn−

1 sin βx be the fundamental function of the solutions to the differential equation

(

D
2

+

β
2

)
n

y
=
0
,

$(D^2+\beta^2)^ny=0,$

then the sequence of derivatives

D

k
i

f
(
x
)

i
=
1

2
n

$\left\{D^{k_i}f(x)\right\}_{i=1}^{2n}$

forms a fundamental system of solutions to this differential equation if the number of distinct even-order derivatives of f is equal to the number of distinct odd-order derivatives. Another result is that the set of n arbitrary distinct derivatives of the function

f
(
x
)
=

x

n
−
1

e

λ
x

(
λ
≠
0
)

$f(x)=x^{n-1}{\text{e}}^{\lambda x} (\lambda \neq 0)$

forms the fundamental system of solutions to the differential equation (D − λ)
ny = 0. While the article does not provide a comprehensive solution to the issue, it offers the potential for generalizing the presented results.
The problem of finding eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of boundary value problems for an equation of mixed type
Authors: Tojiboev Ibrokhimjon Tojaliyevich 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this work, we investigate the eigenvalue problem for an elliptic-hyperbolic equation with a non-smooth line of type changing within a special domain. The boundary conditions considered include Frankl’s condition, which is crucial for such problems involving mixed type equations. We derive the eigenvalues and corresponding eigenfunctions of the problem, paying special attention to the structural complexities introduced by the discontinuity in the equation’s type across the domain. Furthermore, we rigorously prove that the system of eigenfunctions obtained from the problem is not complete in the L
2 space, meaning that not every square-integrable function in the domain can be represented as a series expansion in terms of these eigenfunctions. This non-completeness is demonstrated by constructing a specific function orthogonal to the entire system of eigenfunctions. We utilize advanced techniques, including the transformation to polar coordinates and variable substitution, to express integrals involving Bessel functions, thereby providing a clear framework for proving the non-completeness. Our findings are applicable to both symmetric and anti-symmetric cases of the problem, with boundary conditions that either involve equal or opposite values at points reflected across a line of symmetry. This study highlights significant challenges in dealing with mixed-type equations and contributes to the broader understanding of how eigenvalue problems with Frankl’s conditions behave in non-standard geometries, particularly in domains with discontinuities.
Topogenous orders on forms
Authors: Iragi Minani , Holgate David , Šlapal Josef 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Departing from a categorical concept of topogenous orders defined relative to the bifibration of subobjects, we introduce and discuss topogenous orders on forms, i.e., faithful and amnestic functors. These topogenous orders are shown to include both closure and interior operators on forms. We define and study two special morphisms relative to a topogenous order, namely strict and final morphisms. We give a characterization of the two morphisms by the help of their cartesian and cocartesian liftings. Some examples from topology and algebra demonstrating our results are included.
Monastic Estates in the Wachau Region: Nodes of Exchange in Past and Present Days
Authors: Gruber Elisabeth , Kühtreiber Thomas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the Lower Austrian part of the Danube region, known as the Wachau, viticulture as an agrarian form of economy was established to a large extent by monastic estates. From the ninth century onwards at the latest, numerous monasteries in Austria, Salzburg, Bavaria, and Bohemia came into possession of vineyards in the Wachau by donation or purchase. Charters, urbaria, and tax lists document the importance of these mostly far-off properties from the beginning of the thirteenth century. Viticulture played a special role in this process. This is even more remarkable because the distances between the monastery and the estates – the so-called “Lesehöfe” – were sometimes considerable, for example, in the case of the Augustinian canons’ monasteries of Herrenchiemsee (Traunstein, Bavaria) and Höglwörth (Berchtesgaden, Bavaria) or the Benedictine monasteries of Prüfening (Regensburg, Bavaria) and Tegernsee (Miesbach, Bavaria) and the Hochstift Freising. These far-off estates served as an interface for the interests of both local and foreign actors, still visible today in the form of surviving buildings and historical documents and objects. As part of a project, the monastery estates and their historical documents were catalogued to establish a basis for an interdisciplinary analysis of the phenomenon. The essential goal of the project was to record the monastic estates as broadly as possible to create a basis for an interdisciplinary analysis of the phenomenon. Basic groundwork was laid to make the various estates available for the interests of cultural tourism within the Wachau World Heritage region.
Sabbatical Framework of Sacred Times in H
Authors: Young Hye Kim 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This essay explores the significance of the Sabbath’s inclusion in Leviticus 23 by analyzing the expressions שבת שבתון, שבתון, and שבע שבת[ו]ת. It uncovers a framework linking the Sabbath, Day of Atonement, and Sabbatical Year, highlighting the Sabbath’s central role. This study investigates the seventh-month festivals and examines the social justice implications of the Sabbatical Year, Jubilee, and grain harvest festival, all structured around the Sabbath concept. The findings indicate that H’s sabbatical framework marks a significant development in the conceptualization of sacred time.
Comparative Assessments of PET and ASL MR Perfusion in the Evaluation of Early Dementia
Authors: Jain Savyasachi , Gaikwad Shailesh B , Charan Bheru Dan , Gupta Anu , Tripathy Madhvi 
Published: February 2025

Background: Overtly morbid dementing diseases have a prodromal MCI (mild cognitive impairment) phase which is crucial to recognize. Clinical scores provide an easy bedside assessment tool for holistic cognitive evaluation but fail to provide lead time. While routine biomarkers of brain atrophy are late to appear, non-contrast MRI perfusion studies like ASL may serve as a valuable alternative to 18F-FDG-PET for the recognition and classification of the degree of neurodegeneration in individuals with MCI, especially when FDG-PET is not available. Our study adds confidence as we noted brain regions where PET-ASL concordance was most robust and devised concordance with ACE-3 scores.Material and methods: We conducted a prospective study from Jan 2021 to Jan 2024. Cases were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, which have objective cognitive impairment. Healthy controls were selected. MRI and PET scans were performed in all cases. Perfusion values of arterial spine labeling, PET, and clinical examination were recorded.Results: We included 33 patients and 15 healthy controls in the study. We compared ASL and PET for all selected individuals. Our study showed that ASL can detect a hypo-perfusion region with a 91% sensitivity, 85.98% specificity, 89.8% PPV, and 87.62% NPV, with a diagnostic accuracy of 88.9%.Conclusion: ASL was a dependable replacement for the gold-standard FDG-PET. ASL may serve as a valuable alternative to 18F-FDG-PET for classifying the degree of neurodegeneration in individuals with prodromal AD, especially when FDG-PET is unavailable.