bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the prophylactic efficacy of Chyawanprash in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gupta Arun , Madan Amit , Yadav Babita , Mundada Pallavi , Singhal Richa , Tripathi Arunabh , Rao Bhogavalli C. , Gupta Bharti , Rana Rakesh , Sharma Bhagwan , Pandey Yogesh , Agarwal Riju , Srikanth Narayanam , Dhiman Kartar Singh 
Published: September 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Healthcare workers (HCWs) are high-risk individuals in the management of epidemics caused by highly contagious disorders such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Standard of care (SOC) for the prevention of exposure can be greatly supported with SOC measures to improve the immune response. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of combining Chyawanprash, an Ayurvedic formulation, with SOC for prevention versus SOC alone among frontline HCWs through assessment of the proportion of COVID-19 cases among the trial participants during the trial period.

METHODS:
This open-label, randomized controlled trial was conducted from June 13, 2020 to September 21, 2020 in an Ayurvedic hospital that was functioning as a COVID-19 care center in New Delhi during the pandemic. HCWs between 25 and 60 years of age working in an environment with the possibility of direct exposure to COVID-19 cases were enrolled and observed for 30 days. The interventions compared were SOC as per institutional guidelines and based on their roles (Group I) and SOC in addition to Chyawanprash 12 g twice a day for 30 days (Group II).

RESULTS:
Out of the 193 participants who completed the study, no participant in both groups was COVID-19 positive at the end of one month. No adverse drug reaction or any serious adverse event was reported during the study. No clinically significant change in the safety parameters were observed. A statistically significant rise in serum IgG level was seen in Group II, but other inflammatory and immune markers did not show any statistically significant difference. In the post-intervention follow-up, four subjects in Group I and two subjects in Group II reported to have developed COVID-19 disease after 2 months of completion of the study period.

CONCLUSIONS:

Chyawanprash has an immunomodulatory effect in the intervention group, but a longer-term clinical trial with a bigger sample size is needed to confirm its adaptogenic and preventive efficacy as an add-on to standard prophylactic guidelines for prevention of disease.

TRIAL REGISTRATION:
Clinical Trials Registry of India: CTRI/2020/05/025275 [Registered on: 20/05/2020].
Efficacy and safety of Ayurveda interventions for acid peptic disease
Authors: Rai Amit Kumar , Kumari Harit , Ahmad Azeem , Singhal Richa , Rao Bhogavalli Chandrasekhara , Srikanth Narayanam 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Acid peptic disease (APD) has a negative impact on patients’ quality of life and general health status of the individuals. There are a number of case studies and clinical trials on efficacy of Ayurvedic interventions in the management of APD. However, a systematic review of these researches is not available which is needed to evaluate the clinical significance of those studies.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review of the available evidence for the efficacy and safety of Ayurvedic interventions for APD.

Methods and Analysis:
On the basis of the PRISMA-P statement, a systematic review protocol has been developed. Data from electronic databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, AYUSH Research Portal, DHARA, Shodhganga, Ayurvedic Research Database, Institute for Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurveda University, Jamnagar, Clinical trial registries, and relevant journals will be used to find articles for systematic review. Only studies that have been published in English or Hindi will be considered for inclusion in the systematic review. Data from the selected studies based on study characteristics will be extracted separately by two review authors for data analysis and quality assessment of the studies. The risk of bias in the chosen studies will be evaluated using appropriate available tools. If studies that are qualified for meta-analysis are available during the review, then it will be done. If meta-analysis is not possible, then the findings will be presented in the form of a comprehensive qualitative synthesis.

Conclusion:
The findings of this study will aid in determining the current state of evidence on the efficacy and safety of Ayurvedic interventions for the treatment of APD. The review will also serve as a source for researchers while planning future studies in order to generate high-quality evidence on the efficacy and safety of Ayurvedic therapies in APD.

Study Registration:
PROSPERO 2020: CRD42020207484
Efficacy and safety of Ayurveda interventions for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A protocol for systematic review
Authors: Yadav Babita , Talekar Manisha , Ahmad Azeem , Jameela Sophia , Khanduri Shruti 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This systematic review aimed is to find evidence about the efficacy and safety of Ayurvedic management for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This systematic review protocol was developed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis protocol statement. For this systematic review, articles will be selected from electronic databases such as Pubmed, AYUSH Research portal, Digital Helpline for Ayurvedic Research Articles, Ayurvedic Research Database, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Google Scholar, Clinical trial registries, and clinical studies published in relevant journals. There will be no restriction on the study type or publication date. Two review authors will independently extract data from the selected studies on the study characteristics (publication-related information, methodology, participants, interventions, comparators, outcomes, and results) in a prestructured format for data analysis and assessment of study quality. The risk of bias in the selected studies will be assessed through suitable existing tools. The meta-analysis will also be conducted, if feasible. If meta-analysis is not possible, the results will be summarized as a systematic qualitative synthesis. This systematic review will summarize the available evidence about the safety and efficacy of Ayurveda interventions in treating NAFLD. It will also provide ideas for future research to generate good-quality evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of Ayurvedic interventions in NAFLD. Study registration: Registered with PROSPERO, Reg. No. CRD42022321063.
A review on preventive and therapeutic potential of selected Ayurveda medicinal plants in viral pandemics
Authors: Kumar Shobhit , Namburi Uday Ravi Sekhar , Londhe Deepak J. , Chiluveri Ashwin C. , Rai Amit K. , Chiluveri Sudha K. , Chinchalkar Shital , Rao Bhogvalli Chandra Shekar , Srikanth Narayanam 
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:
Viral pandemics/epidemics are emerging as one of the biggest challenge for medical fraternity and health-care policy makers. This is high time to explore traditional medicine systems such as Ayurveda, wherein measures such as Dincharya (daily regimen), Ritucharya (seasonal regimen), Sadvritta (good conduct/behavior), and Rasayana (rejuvenation measures) which are said to influence the homoeostatic mechanism of the host defense system along with interventions that may have a promising role in managing such diseases.

OBJECTIVES:
This review attempts to provide an informative analysis of the daily regimen, seasonal regimen, moral conduct, and interventions recommended in Ayurveda scriptures which can be helpful for the prevention and treatment of viral pandemics.

METHODS:
A narrative review was conducted and comprehensive search of Ayurveda classical texts, including Bhrihatrayi, Laghutrayi, Dhanwantari Nighantu, Raj Nighantu, Kaiyadev Nighantu, and texts related to Dravyaguna was done. Electronic databases such as PubMed, AYUSH Research Portal, DHARA, and Google Scholar were also searched for relevant literature, pertaining to Ayurveda prophylactic and therapeutic measures in viral pandemics from 2001 to 2020.

RESULTS:
Prophylactic and therapeutic measures, including daily and seasonal regimen, good conduct/behavior, rejuvenation measures, Dhoopana Karma (medicated fumigation), and medicinal herbs, explained in Ayurveda may be utilized during viral pandemics. Critical analysis of the available scientific evidence suggests potential of Ayurveda interventions in context of immunomodulatory and antiviral activities.

CONCLUSION:
Unique preventive dietary and lifestyle practices recommended by Ayurveda can play an important role in maintaining the health status and improving the disease resistance capacity. Evidence from preclinical/clinical studies indicates that several herbs used in Ayurveda exhibit immunomodulatory, antiviral properties. The preventive and therapeutic measures narrated in Ayurveda can contribute significantly towards the management of viral pandemics. Generation of more scientific evidence through quality research studies is needed to evaluate the role of Ayurveda approaches for management of viral diseases.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practice of Triphala in the community
Authors: Mali Vaishali P. , Krishnan Anupama , Mali Pavanakumar N. , Wagh Ketki S. , Lekharu Sikha , Gupte Poonam A. 
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:
Codified and noncodified information about Ayurveda practices and formulations is available and transmitted as science or folk claims. Triphala, a well-researched Ayurveda formulation, lacks studies reporting community perception regarding its usage. This study explores Triphala’s knowledge, attitude, and practice in the community.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This exploratory cross-sectional study involving 806 residents of Pune, New Delhi, Guwahati, Kottakkal, and rural areas of Rajkot was undertaken to evaluate Triphala’s knowledge, attitude, and practice in the community. A pretested and structured questionnaire addressing Triphala’s knowledge, attitude, and practice was administered through Google forms or a personal interview method. Data were managed and analyzed by SPSS 20.0, and descriptive statistics were generated.

RESULTS:
A total of 30% of participants demonstrated good knowledge, and 42% demonstrated positive attitude. A total of 41.84% of respondents knew the ingredients of Triphala, 68% knew its use in constipation, 26% in health maintenance, and 22.2% in weight loss. Also, powdered dosage form (93.6%) is used predominantly through the oral route with lukewarm water (94.1%) as a vehicle. Around half of the respondents have previously used Triphala for various health conditions. The knowledge regarding the proportion of Triphala ingredients, and other formulations containing Triphala, was less at all sites. A good number of people (38.9%) are ready to consume Triphala for health maintenance. The rural area had a lower response rate compared with the urban but with similar response patterns for most domains.

CONCLUSIONS:
A substantial proportion of people in the general population knew the ingredients of Triphala, its use in various health conditions, route of administration, adjuvants, and cost-effectiveness. A good number of people showed readiness for the consumption of Triphala daily. However, the research component of Triphala has not sufficiently percolated. Hence, empowering the public on the utilization aspects and research evidence of Triphala would propagate the evidence-based practice of Ayurveda for scientific sustainability.
A prospective, open-label, randomized, active control, parallel-group trial on the efficacy of Darvyadi Leha in iron deficiency anemia of children: Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rai Deepshikha , Garg Girraj P 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a major health problem among children in India. Due to the adverse effects of oral iron supplementation, there is a need to find an alternative therapeutic option for IDA, which is safe, tolerable, with comparable efficacy.

OBJECTIVE:
This clinical study is designed to determine the efficacy and safety of Darvyadi Leha in IDA of children compared with ferrous ascorbate.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This prospective, open-label, randomized, active control, parallel-group trial will be conducted at Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Gurukul Campus, Haridwar. A total of 76 participants will be enrolled in the study. Patients of any gender aged 3–12 years with IDA, having hemoglobin 7.5–11 g/dL and serum ferritin less than 15 mcg/dL will be considered for enrollment in the study. The enrolled participants will be given a tablet of Albendazole 400-mg single dose for deworming. Thereafter, they will be randomly divided into two groups. Patients of Group A will be administered Darvyadi Leha 4, 7, 9, and 12 g/day in two equally divided doses for age groups 3–5, 5–8, 8–10, and 10–12 years, respectively, for 90 days. Patients of group B will be administered ferrous ascorbate 4 mg/kg/day twice daily for 90 days. The outcome measures are changes in hemoglobin level, ferritin level, red blood cell count, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and reticulocyte count. Patients will also be assessed for graded subjective parameters on each visit. Safety will be assessed based on the incidence of adverse events, and changes in liver and kidney function tests.

DISCUSSION:
Ayurveda formulations have been used for the management of anemia in routine clinical practice for adults. Further, several research studies have also been conducted regarding the same. However, the use of Ayurveda interventions in anemia of children is less common, and a few randomized controlled studies on anemia of children have been conducted. So, it is expected that the outcomes of this trial will suggest probable therapeutic options for the effective management of IDA of children.

TRIAL REGISTRATION:
CTRI/2022/07/044074
Ayurveda formulation AYUSH 64 in asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 infection—A single-arm, open-label, prospective, pilot study
Authors: Shamkuwar Manoj K. , Rajput Shivshankar , Yadav Babita , Ranjan Sujata , Jindal Nitin , Sharma Lalita , Rana Rakesh K. , Singhal Richa , Khanduri Shruti , Sharma Bhagwan Singh , Rao Bhogavalli Chandrasekhara , Srikanth Narayanam , Bharti  , Dhiman Kartar Singh , Manchanda Raj K. 
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has evolved as a unique, unprecedented global health crisis that has severely affected the economies and daily lives of people. AYUSH 64 is an Ayurveda formulation repurposed in the COVID-19 management because of its proven efficacy in influenza-like illness.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This was a prospective, open-label, single-arm, pilot study conducted at Ayurveda and Unani Tibbia College (A&U Tibbia) and Hospital, designated COVID-19 health center under the Government of National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi. The study population included 40 asymptomatic to mild COVID-19 cases of either sex aged above 18 years admitted to the hospital with positive nasopharyngeal swab test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR]) or rapid antigen test. AYUSH 64 tablets in the dose of two tablets (500 mg each) thrice a day after food with warm water were given to the participants for the period of 7–14 days, and once the patient got RT-PCR negative, the medicine was discontinued.

RESULTS:
Out of 36 completed cases, 28 participants were symptomatic, 39.28% of participants clinically recovered in 7 days of AYUSH 64 intervention, and 53.5% of participants clinically recovered in 14 days. The mean time for clinical recovery was 7.04 days (±2.88 days standard deviation). No adverse drug reaction was found in any of the participants. Serious adverse event unrelated to the trial drug was reported in two participants (5%) within 24 h of enrolment.

CONCLUSION:
Among asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 cases, the repurposing of AYUSH 64 was found effective and quite safe to alleviate infection with a significant clinical recovery within 14 days. Subsequent research on a larger scale is warranted for statistically robust evidences in the treatment of COVID-19.
Late-Onset Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Tireli Hulya , Yuksel Gulbun , Tutkavul Kemal 
Published: September 2023

Objective:
The increase in the average life expectancy of humans has resulted in an increased occurrence of late-onset myasthenia gravis (LOMG). It is noticeable that the clinical, immunologic, and prognostic features of patients with LOMG are different than those of the patients with early-onset myasthenia gravis (EOMG). The present study aimed to establish the dissimilar features of patients with EOMG and LOMG.

Subjects and Methods:
The study retrospectively compared 93 patients with EOMG and LOMG in terms of clinical and immunologic features and response to medical treatment and thymectomy.

Results:
Of the 93 patients with MG, 56 had EOMG and 37 had LOMG. The EOMG group was dominated by female patients and generalized MG, whereas male patients and ocular MG were predominant in the LOMG group. Both groups tested positive for acetyl choline receptors antibodies. The number of patients undergoing thymectomy was higher in the EOMG group than in LOMG group. Responses to thymectomy and immunosuppressive treatment in LOMG group were lower compared with the EOMG group.

Conclusion:
The present study concludes that the clinical prognosis of patients with LOMG is better, and thymectomy may not be quite necessary for patients in this group who do not have thymomas (nonthymomatous patients).
Physical activity and sedentary time distribution among adult residents during COVID-19 circuit breaker movement restrictions in Singapore: a public health perspective
Authors: Mukherjee Swarup , Tan Kang Jin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Social lockdowns and quarantines have been enforced in various populations to mitigate the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the community. This study investigated the impact of COVID-19 lockdown, known as circuit breaker movement restrictions (CBMR), on physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) distribution patterns among Singapore residents aged 21–65 years.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional retrospective study that utilised a 44-item questionnaire that included sections to determine PA and ST distribution patterns before and during CBMR. It also included information on sleep duration, PA preference and routine, awareness of local initiatives and perceptions on barriers towards PA during the CBMR period.

Results:
There was an overall decrease in PA and a significant increase in physical inactivity and ST during the CBMR period. A greater proportion of participants reported sleeping for longer hours, suggesting positive adaptations in sleep habits during CBMR. Majority were unaware of online exercise initiatives and programmes offered during the CBMR period, and >50% of the respondents never used an online resource for exercise. Singapore residents seemed to prefer outdoor and facility-based venues for exercise and PA, and closure of facilities was the primary barrier for PA during the CBMR period.

Conclusion:
Reduced PA and increased ST during CBMR reflect negative lifestyle adaptations and may have adverse public health implications. Increased sleep duration suggests successful coping, which may consequently lead to physical and mental health benefits. While Singapore adult residents may be flexible with certain aspects of being physically active, they seemed less adaptive to changes in type of exercise, facility and environment.
Review of surgical spproaches for posterior fossa tumors in pediatric population and illustrative cases
Authors: Moreira Alick Durão , Bellas Antonio Rosa , Pousa Marcelo , Protzenko Tatiana Cervantes 
Published: September 2023

Introduction/Background: Posterior fossa tumors are common in the pediatric population, and various surgical approaches have been described to reach them based on their specific location. This paper aims to review the most common posterior fossa approaches in pediatric patients and present illustrative cases to provide insights into their successful application in specific clinical scenarios.
Case report: Three cases are presented, each demonstrating a different approach and surgical outcome. Case 1 involved a telovelar approach for the resection of a medulloblastoma, resulting in complete removal without neurological deficits. Case 2 required a combination of telovelar and supracerebellar infratentorial approaches to achieve gross total resection of a pilocytic astrocytoma. In Case 3, an occipital transtentorial approach was utilized to access and completely resect an atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor.
Connclusion: The paper discusses the telovelar and transvermian approaches, the supracerebellar infratentorial approach, the transtentorial suboccipital approach, and intraventricular endoscopy as individual or combined approaches for posterior fossa tumors. The presented cases highlight the importance of tailoring the surgical approach to each patient and provide valuable insights for neurosurgeons managing similar clinical scenarios.
Physicochemical Characterization of Cullet to Glaze for Environmental Sustainability and Entrepreneurial Development
Authors: Ajadi Michael , Lawal Sulaimon , Babalola Samson 
Published: September 2023

Purpose: Inability of ceramists to formulate glazes locally and the cost of importing glazes had resulted to the closure of many cottage ceramic industries in Nigeria. The study, physicochemical characterization of cullet to glaze, was conducted with the aim of recycling cullet for glazing earthen wares and the intention was to conduct elemental analysis of waste glass for glaze recipes, determine its artistic usage, lessen cullet from environment and harness the chemical properties for industrial development and economic growth.
Methodology: Methodologies for the study involved laboratory analysis to determine oxides concentration in the cullet and studio artistic techniques to form glaze batches, batch-milling, glazes application on earthenware, and kiln firing. Four colours of windowpane cullet were used in order to determine their chromaticity effects as glaze. Cullet were pulverised with pulveriser machine (Rocklabs) and elemental analysis was carried out with tandem accelerator machine, using Particle Induce X-ray Emission to determine oxide compositions and concentrations.
Findings: Elemental analysis revealed Na2O, MgO, K2O, Al2O3, SiO2, CaO, TiO2, PbO and FeO. SO3, P3O5, ZrO2, Rb2O, ZnO, MoO3, Sb2O5, SrO and BaO in varying concentrations as the oxides in the samples. The glass ceramic glazes gave good matt, glossy, opalescent, translucent and opaque results at 950oC kiln temperature. The reactions of additive fluxes on each formulated glaze batch with windowpane cullet assist hydrokinetics nature of their crystallisation phases in the kiln.
Unique Contributions to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study is hinged on the circular economy theory; an approach towards designing out of waste and regenerating natural system. It explicates artists’ ideas in recycling cullet for glaze derivation and highlights recycling benefits of cullet for environmental sustainability and entrepreneurial development. The study enhances the understanding of ceramists on how cullet can be utilized for glaze production and contributes to the development of practical strategies and solutions for stakeholders in ceramic field. The adaptation will ameliorate the problem of unavailability and high cost of glazes; stimulate rapid development of the Nigerian ceramic industry and heighten economic growth of Nigeria.