bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon-concentrating mechanisms in pods are key elements for terminal drought resistance inPhaseolus vulgaris
Authors: González-Lemes Ingrid , Acosta-Maspons Alexis , Cetz-Chel José E , Polania José A , Acosta-Gallegos Jorge A , Herrera-Estrella Alfredo , Covarrubias Alejandra A 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCommon bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most consumed legumes in the human diet and a substantial source of dietary protein. A major problem for this rainfed crop is the decrease in grain yield caused by prolonged drought periods during the reproductive stage of plant development (terminal drought). Terminal drought remains a prevailing threat to the farming of this staple, with losses reaching &gt;80%. Based on the high correlation between the resistance of common bean to terminal drought and efficient photoassimilate mobilization and biomass accumulation in seeds, we aimed to identify mechanisms implicated in its resistance to this stress. We used two representative Durango race common bean cultivars with contrasting yields under terminal drought, grown under well-watered or terminal drought conditions. Using comparative transcriptomic analysis focused on source leaves, pods, and seeds from both cultivars, we provide evidence indicating that under terminal drought the resistant cultivar promotes the build-up of transcripts involved in recycling carbon through photosynthesis, photorespiration, and CO2-concentrating mechanisms in pod walls, while in seeds, the induced transcripts participate in sink strength and respiration. Physiological data support this conclusion, implicating their relevance as key processes in the plant response to terminal drought.
Some Biographical Notes on Richard Bradock (and Others)
Authors: Blayney Peter W M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Because the printer Richard Bradock began his apprenticeship during the five-year gap in the Stationers’ early records, his origins have remained unknown. Tracing the life and career of his second known master (Henry Middleton), and of Middleton’s own wider connections in the trade, has led to a record of a man who turns out to have been Bradock’s father. Moreover, in his Stationers’ Company Apprentices, 1605–1640 (1961), D. F. McKenzie wrongly supposed that some records of a Richard ‘Bradde’ (or ‘Bradd’, or ‘Brad’) were simply using an abbreviated form of ‘Bradock’. Consequently, half the apprentices credited to Bradock should be reassigned to the Stationer Richard ‘Brad’, the son of Stationer John ‘Bread’ or ‘Bred’.
Evaluating the Challenges and Potential Complications of Breastfeeding in Naval Aviation
Authors: Ajuzie Stephanie 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Active duty flight crew plays a critical role in military operations. The occupational demands of the flying environment require a certain level of medical suitability. Additionally, such an environment could be more hazardous for certain populations. While the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the World Health Organization strongly support exclusive breastfeeding for the health benefit of both the mother and the child in the first 6 months of life, the aeromedical implications of lactating are not widely discussed. Breastfeeding is inherently challenging for many women, in part because of the frequent emptying required to maintain breastmilk supply and avoid complications such as engorgement, clogged ducts, and mastitis. This pilot study evaluated the experiences of individuals concurrently breastfeeding while on active duty Naval flying status to (1) assess whether these individuals experience frequent challenges or complications associated with lactating and (2) establish the need for future expanded studies.

Materials and Methods
This survey-based, retrospective, descriptive study evaluated the experiences of 17 lactating individuals on active duty Naval flying status. Women were recruited using word of mouth and social media platforms. Responses were tabulated and summarized from the survey, which included yes/no questions and free-response sections regarding flying position, breastfeeding history, and breastfeeding challenges. This trial was approved by the Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division (NAWCAD) Institutional Review Board (Protocol Number NAWCAD.2021.0004-IR-EP7).

Results
Of the 27 women who received study materials after expression of interest, 17 individuals completed the informed consent and survey protocols. Although limited by sample size and the demographics of respondents, the results highlight that the active duty flying environment did impact the breastfeeding experiences of the participants, with 88% of respondents reporting some difficulty or complication associated with breastfeeding and the operational flying environment. Difficulty in maintaining breastmilk supply, engorgement, and the need for supplementation were some of the concerns discussed.

Conclusions
This study hypothesizes that occupational demands associated with aviation result in a decreased ability to maintain exclusive breastfeeding, an increased risk for engorgement and clogged ducts, and a higher likelihood of early weaning among Naval aviators. It included only the perspectives of Naval officers, thereby lacking the input of enlisted aircrew on flight status, who comprise a large population of active duty flyers. The responses, although limited by a lack of controls and survey limitations, indicate that a future study to expand understanding of the aeromedical implications on lactating individuals would be valuable for improving workplace support and the ultimate success of lactating women in meeting their breastfeeding goals.
Enrichment of Hard Sweeps on the X Chromosome in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Harris Mariana , Garud Nandita R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The characteristic properties of the X chromosome, such as male hemizygosity and its unique inheritance pattern, expose it to natural selection in a way that can be different from the autosomes. Here, we investigate the differences in the tempo and mode of adaptation on the X chromosome and autosomes in a population of Drosophila melanogaster. Specifically, we test the hypothesis that due to hemizygosity and a lower effective population size on the X, the relative proportion of hard sweeps, which are expected when adaptation is gradual, compared with soft sweeps, which are expected when adaptation is rapid, is greater on the X than on the autosomes. We quantify the incidence of hard versus soft sweeps in North American D. melanogaster population genomic data with haplotype homozygosity statistics and find an enrichment of the proportion of hard versus soft sweeps on the X chromosome compared with the autosomes, confirming predictions we make from simulations. Understanding these differences may enable a deeper understanding of how important phenotypes arise as well as the impact of fundamental evolutionary parameters on adaptation, such as dominance, sex-specific selection, and sex-biased demography.
Real-World Outcomes Associated With Letermovir Use for Cytomegalovirus Primary Prophylaxis in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Vyas Ami , Raval Amit D , Kamat Shweta , LaPlante Kerry , Tang Yuexin , Chemaly Roy F 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
A systematic review and meta-analysis of real-world observational studies was conducted to summarize the impact of letermovir cytomegalovirus (CMV) primary prophylaxis (PP) among adult allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (allo-HCT) recipients.

Methods
Systematic searches in Medline/PubMed, Embase, and conferences (from database inception to October 2021) were conducted to identify studies for inclusion. Random-effects models were used to derive pooled estimates on the relative effectiveness of letermovir PP compared to controls.

Results
Forty-eight unique studies (N = 7104 patients) were included, most of which were comparative, single-center, and conducted in the United States. Letermovir PP was associated with statistically significant reduction in odds of CMV reactivation (pooled odds ratio [pOR], 0.13 and 0.24; P &lt; .05), clinically significant CMV infection (pOR, 0.09 and 0.19; P &lt; .05), and CMV disease (pOR, 0.31 and 0.35; P &lt; .05) by day +100 and day +200 after allo-HCT, respectively. Letermovir PP was associated with significantly lower odds of all-cause (pOR, 0.73; P &lt; .01) and nonrelapse mortality (pOR, 0.65; P = .01) beyond day 200 after allo-HCT.

Conclusions
Letermovir for CMV PP was effective in reducing the risk of CMV-related complications overall and mortality beyond day 200 among adult allo-HCT recipients.
The Margin of Appreciation in Freedom of Thought, Conscience, and Religion under Article 9 of ECHR
Authors: Alexopoulou Konstantina 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This article analyses the manner in which the margin of appreciation has been developed by the European Court of Human Rights in Article 9 cases. As a principle of subsidiarity European Convention States Parties enjoy a margin of appreciation but its scope varies according to particular principles. It is generally certain, when a proportionality test applies (eg concerning proselytism, places and buildings of worship, legal recognition of religious communities, prisoners’ rights), narrow, when the Court has already formulated specific interpretational criteria (eg concerning State’s interference with the internal affairs/dissolution of a religious community or restrictions sought by religious employers), or wide, when there is no widespread consensus and State authorities are in a better place to determine on the matter (eg levying of church taxes, freedom of religion in workplace, public places, and educational institutions). This article appraises the rationale and circumstances which produce particular outcomes with a view to increasing predictability and consistent practice by States.
Reaction-Induced Porosity in an Eclogite-Facies Vein Selvage (Monviso Ophiolite, W. Alps): Textural Evidence and In Situ Trace Elements and Sr Isotopes in Apatite.
Authors: Hoover William F , Penniston-Dorland Sarah , Piccoli Philip , Kylander-Clark Andrew 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Porosity generated during fluid–rock reaction can facilitate fluid transport and metasomatism in low permeability high-pressure metamorphic rocks. Evidence for reaction-induced porosity is found in an eclogite-facies clinopyroxene + apatite vein in an undeformed eclogitized Fe–Ti metagabbro from the Monviso Ophiolite (W. Alps) with a distinct garnet-rich selvage. Vein-forming fluids were sourced from adjacent metagabbros and reaction with the host rock removed Ca and P from the selvage and added Fe, REE, Pb and Cr. Textures at the selvage–host rock interface and in the host rock record local heterogeneity in reactivity and porosity during metasomatism linked to variable initial lawsonite abundance. These features reflect a hierarchy of pervasive-to-channelized porosity structures that facilitated widespread metasomatism of the host rock. Development of this metasomatic system in response to locally derived fluids suggests large-scale externally derived fluid transport is not required to drive extensive fluid–rock exchange. The production of porosity during metasomatic reactions could be important in facilitating further fluid–rock reaction and fluid transport in subducting slabs where permeability is low.
How Large Are Bequest Motives? Estimates Based on Health Shocks
Authors: Kvaerner Jens Soerlie 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
I analyze the inter vivo transfers and bequest decisions of 700,000 individuals during a period when the decision maker receives negative news regarding their life expectancy. The event that initiates the news is a health outcome. Expected mortality increases both the likelihood of transferring wealth to the next generation and the amount transferred. The size of the inter vivo transfer and bequest are positively related to the wealth of the parent and the severity of the diagnosis, regardless of diagnosis-specific demand for informal care. Using a structural life cycle model, I estimate the bequest parameters that are consistent with the causal effect estimates.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Do Corporations Retain Too Much Cash? Evidence from a Natural Experiment
Authors: Kim Hwanki Brian , Kim Woojin , Kronlund Mathias 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Corporations have accumulated record amounts of cash. We study whether firms’ cash retention has been excessive by examining a Korean reform that introduced a new tax on earnings retained as cash. Difference-in-differences tests show that treated firms reduce cash retention and instead increase payouts and investments. Market participants react favorably to the reform, consistent with excessive cash retention. The valuation effects and the alternative uses of the cash are associated with behavioral and agency frictions. Firms that are more subject to behavioral biases increase payouts and experience higher valuations, while poorly governed firms allocate more to investment and experience relatively lower valuations.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
A Prospective Cohort Study on the Intergenerational Transmission of Childhood Adversity and Subsequent Risk of Psychotic Experiences in Adolescence
Authors: Bolhuis Koen , Steenkamp Lisa R , Tiemeier Henning , Blanken Laura , Pingault Jean-Baptiste , Cecil Charlotte A M , El Marroun Hanan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Previous studies have shown a robust relationship between childhood adversity and subsequent psychotic symptoms. However, the role of familial risk factors underlying this relationship remains largely unclear. Here, we tested whether offspring childhood adversity and postnatal maternal psychopathology mediated the relationship between maternal childhood adversity and offspring psychotic experiences.

Study Design
N = 3068 mother-offspring dyads were included. Maternal history of childhood adversity was retrospectively assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire during pregnancy. Maternal psychopathology was assessed during and after pregnancy. Twenty-four offspring childhood adversities were assessed by maternal interview when the child was 10 years old. Offspring psychotic experiences were examined using self-report at 14 years. Structural equation mediation models were conducted to explore whether maternal postnatal psychopathology and offspring childhood adversities sequentially mediated the relationship between maternal childhood adversity and offspring psychotic experiences. Analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic confounders.

Study Results
Maternal history of childhood adversity was associated with offspring childhood adversities (β = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.16). Offspring childhood adversity mediated the association of maternal childhood adversity with offspring hallucinations (βindirect effect = 0.008, 95% CI: 0.002 to 0.014, proportion mediated = 16.3%) and delusions (βindirect effect = 0.006, 95% CI: 0.000 to 0.012, proportion mediated = 13.1%).

Conclusions
Intergenerational transmission of childhood adversity can be considered of relevance in the etiology of psychosis vulnerability and can potentially serve as a modifiable risk factor.
Retirement Is Not an Option for the Undocumented: Undocumented Latinx Older Adults’ Perceptions of Financial (In)security in the United States
Authors: Ayón Cecilia , Deniz-Zaragoza Mirella , Marshall Gillian , Hernandez Javier 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study examines undocumented Latinx older adults’ perceptions and experiences regarding their economic security in the United States. In-depth semistructured interviews were used to facilitate dialogue with older undocumented adults about their economic security in the United States (N = 25). Participants were on average 61 years old (SD = 4.52), Latinx, and had resided in the United States an average of 23 years (SD = 7.05). More than 70% of the participants were employed; the remaining participants were not working due to poor health (n = 5), advanced age (n = 1), or being in between jobs (n = 1). Authors present a model to illustrate participants’ narratives on their economic (in)security in the United States. Some participants discussed having long-term security in their jobs while others described a cycle of job insecurity due to their status. Their precarious status limited their employment opportunities and earning potential. Their savings capacity is narrow; many did not have savings for emergencies, and less so for a time when they are no longer able to work. Many participants believe they will work until they are physically unable to continue working; others believe their children will be a source of support. Practitioners can engage undocumented immigrants in economic empowerment interventions and advocacy efforts to eliminate exploitation in the workplace. Policy change is needed to provide undocumented older adults the opportunity to achieve financial security.
Research on text fault recognition for on-board equipment of a C3 train control system based on an integrated XGBoost algorithm
Authors: Yue Lili , Liu Luyue , Li Maoqing , Xiao Baodi , Wu Xiaochun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The robust guarantee of train control on-board equipment is inextricably linked to the safe functioning of a high-speed train. A fault diagnostic model of on-board equipment is built utilizing the integrated learning XGBoost (eXtreme Gradient Boosting) algorithm to help technicians assess the malfunction category of high-speed train control on-board equipment accurately and rapidly. The XGBoost algorithm iterates multiple decision tree models to improve the accuracy of fault diagnosis by lifting the predicted residual and adding regular terms. To begin, the text features were extracted using the improved TF-IDF (Term Frequency–Inverse Document Frequency) approach, and 24 fault feature words were chosen and converted into weight word vectors. Secondly, considering the imbalanced fault categories in the data set, the ADASYN (Adaptive Synthetic sampling) adaptive synthetically oversampling technique was used to synthesize a few category fault samples. Finally, the data samples were split into training and test sets based on the fault text data of CTCS-3 train control on-board equipment recorded by Guangzhou Railway Group maintenance personnel. The XGBoost model was utilized to realize the automatic fault location of the test set after optimized parameter tuning through grid search. Compared with other methods, the evaluation index of the XGBoost model was significantly improved. The diagnostic accuracy reached 95.43%, which verifies the effectiveness of the method in text fault diagnosis.
New Drug Approved For ALS
Authors: Aschenbrenner Diane S. 
Published: December 2022

Sodium phenylbutyrate–taurursodiol (Relyvrio) has been approved to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.The drug was approved despite the absence of phase 3 clinical trial data. Data from a small phase 2 trial indicated that patients receiving Relyvrio had a slower loss of functioning than those taking placebo.Relyvrio poses a risk to patients who are sensitive to salt intake and to those with pancreatic, intestinal, and enterohepatic circulation disorders.
Teaching Empathic Communication at the End of Life: A Virtual Simulation for Nursing Students
Authors: Chidume Tiffani 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
There is a gap in the literature regarding prelicensure nursing students’ knowledge/communication regarding death and dying. A virtual telecommunication pilot simulation-based experience (SBE) was designed to address the gap in learner experiences communicating with the family of a dying loved one. Learners had to provide the family member, a role portrayed by a simulated patient, an update on the patient’s rapidly declining condition. The course leaders noticed the value in learners having personalized conversations and empathetic emotion with family members. This virtual SBE will replace an older face-to-face end-of-life SBE going forward.
Short-term associations between ambient air pollution and emergency department visits for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias
Authors: Zhang Haisu , Shi Liuhua , Ebelt Stefanie T. , D’Souza Rohan R. , Schwartz Joel D. , Scovronick Noah , Chang Howard H. 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Dementia is a seriously disabling illness with substantial economic and social burdens. Alzheimer’s disease and its related dementias (AD/ADRD) constitute about two-thirds of dementias. AD/ADRD patients have a high prevalence of comorbid conditions that are known to be exacerbated by exposure to ambient air pollution. Existing studies mostly focused on the long-term association between air pollution and AD/ADRD morbidity, while very few have investigated short-term associations. This study aims to estimate short-term associations between AD/ADRD emergency department (ED) visits and three common air pollutants: fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and warm-season ozone.

Methods:
For the period 2005 to 2015, we analyzed over 7.5 million AD/ADRD ED visits in five US states (California, Missouri, North Carolina, New Jersey, and New York) using a time-stratified case-crossover design with conditional logistic regression. Daily estimated PM2.5, NO2, and warm-season ozone concentrations at 1 km spatial resolution were aggregated to the ZIP code level as exposure.

Results:
The most consistent positive association was found for NO2. Across five states, a 17.1 ppb increase in NO2 concentration over a 4-day period was associated with a 0.61% (95% confidence interval = 0.27%, 0.95%) increase in AD/ADRD ED visits. For PM2.5, a positive association with AD/ADRD ED visits was found only in New York (0.64%, 95% confidence interval = 0.26%, 1.01% per 6.3 µg/m3). Associations with warm-season ozone levels were null.

Conclusions:
Our results suggest AD/ADRD patients are vulnerable to short-term health effects of ambient air pollution and strategies to lower exposure may reduce morbidity.