bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creation of Chitosan‐Based Nanocapsule‐in‐Nanofiber Structures for Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic Drug Co‐Delivery and Their Dressing Applications in Diabetic Wounds
Authors: Lin Zheng‐Ian , Tsai Tzu‐Hsien , Yu Kuan‐Chi , Nien Yu‐Hsun , Liu Ru‐Ping , Liu Guan‐Lin , Chi Pei‐Ling , Fang Yi‐Ping , Ko Bao‐Tsan , Law Wing‐Cheung , Zhou Cheng , Yong Ken‐Tye , Cheng Pei‐Wen , Chen Chih‐Kuang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNanofiber meshes (NFMs) loaded with therapeutic agents are very often employed to treat hard‐to‐heal wounds such as diabetic wounds. However, most of the NFMs have limited capability to load multiple or hydrophilicity distinctive‐therapeutic agents. The therapy strategy is therefore significantly hampered. To tackle the innate drawback associated with the drug loading versatility, a chitosan‐based nanocapsule‐in‐nanofiber (NC‐in‐NF) structural NFM system is developed for simultaneous loading of hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs. Oleic acid‐modified chitosan is first converted into NCs by the developed mini‐emulsion interfacial cross‐linking procedure, followed by loading a hydrophobic anti‐inflammatory agent Curcumin (Cur) into the NCs. Sequentially, the Cur‐loaded NCs are successfully introduced into reductant‐responsive maleoyl functional chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol NFMs containing a hydrophilic antibiotic Tetracycline hydrochloride. Having a co‐loading capability for hydrophilicity distinctive agents, biocompatibility, and a controlled release property, the resulting NFMs have demonstrated the efficacy on promoting wound healing either in normal or diabetic rats.
Chitin Nanomaterials as Multifunctional Systems in Advanced Applications – Progress and Challenges toward Sustainability
Authors: Iroegbu Austine Ofondu Chinomso , Ray Suprakas Sinha 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThere is an emerging agreement that “de‐fossilization” and not “decarbonization” is the way to mitigate global warming, achieving sustainable manufacturing and a viable bioeconomy. The finite supply, nonrenewability, and associated environmental and economic challenges of conventional materials derived from fossil hydrocarbons are causative in pursuing sustainable, renewable, ecological, efficient, and practical alternatives. Chitin is a biobased hydrocarbon that ranks among the most abundant and renewable polysaccharidal materials on Earth and is momentous in the pursuit of sustainability and a circular bioeconomy. It possesses tunable surface properties with unique multidimensional physiognomy for various adaptations while exhibiting characteristic nanoscale self‐ordered assemblages and chiral nematic phases at different dimensional ranges. This review reports the fundamental and functional properties of nanoscale chitin as a multifunctional material for advanced applications. A concise overview sets the background with a brief description of various chitin nanomaterials. Significant advancements in green(er) and sustainable technologies in material usage while elucidating essential research gaps and current challenges are also underscored. Finally, an outlook is provided toward consolidating the role of chitin as a primal but crucial material that offers significant developmental opportunity in the pursuit of sustainability with considerable gains toward mitigating the overbearing negative impact of the fossil economy.
Potential impacts of environmental bacteria on the microbiota of loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and green (Chelonia mydas) sea turtle eggs and their hatching success
Authors: McMaken Colleen M. , Burkholder Derek A. , Milligan Rosanna J. , Lopez Jose V. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSea turtle hatching success can be affected by many variables, including pathogenic microbes, but it is unclear which microbes are most impactful and how they are transmitted into the eggs. This study characterized and compared the bacterial communities from the (i) cloaca of nesting sea turtles (ii) sand within and surrounding the nests; and (iii) hatched and unhatched eggshells from loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and green (Chelonia mydas) turtles. High throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene V4 region amplicons was performed on samples collected from 27 total nests in Fort Lauderdale and Hillsboro beaches in southeast Florida, United States. Significant differences were identified between hatched and unhatched egg microbiota with the differences caused predominately by Pseudomonas spp., found in higher abundances in unhatched eggs (19.29% relative abundance) than hatched eggs (1.10% relative abundance). Microbiota similarities indicate that the nest sand environment, particularly nest distance from dunes, played a larger role than the nesting mother's cloaca in influencing hatched and unhatched egg microbiota. Pathogenic bacteria potentially derive from mixed‐mode transmission or additional sources not included in this study as suggested by the high proportion (24%–48%) of unhatched egg microbiota derived from unknown sources. Nonetheless, the results suggest Pseudomonas as a candidate pathogen or opportunistic colonizer associated with sea turtle egg‐hatching failure.
A novel splice‐site mutation in CHMP2B associated with frontotemporal dementia: The first report from China and literature review
Authors: Li Chang , Wen Ya , Zhao Mengqiu , Wang Yaye , Li Ping , Wang Liang , Wang Shan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundFrontotemporal dementia (FTD) has genetic heterogeneity, and the endosomal ESCRTIII‐complex subunit CHMP2B variant is a rare cause of FTD. The mutations in CHMP2B were first identified in a large Danish pedigree with autosomal dominant FTD, and have also been found in several individuals from Belgium, France, the United States, and Türkiye. In the Chinese population, cases of CHMP2B variant‐associated FTD have never been reported.MethodsThe spectrum of clinical symptoms and the genetic analysis of the presented patient were identified and investigated. Besides this case, we assessed previously reported cases with CHMP2B gene mutations.ResultsThis study presents a Chinese patient harboring a novel heterozygous A‐to‐T variant (NM_014043:c.532‐2A>T) in CHMP2B with a phenotype compatible with FTD. Although previous reports suggested cases of CHMP2B variant‐associated FTD initially presented with personality changes and stereotypical movements at the age of 50, this case was characterized by psychosis involving delusion of persecution, auditory hallucination, and suspiciousness at the earlier onset age of 44. Minigene splicing assay revealed that the splice‐site variant could result in the retention of intron 5.ConclusionThis is the first case of CHMP2B variant‐associated FTD reported in the Chinese population. The novel c.532‐2A>T variant in the acceptor splice site of exon 6 retaining intron 5 was predicted to cause truncated protein and protein conformation changes. This discovery may expand the genetic and phenotypic spectrum of CHMP2B variant‐associated FTD.
Neural network guided sinogram‐domain iterative algorithm for artifact reduction
Authors: Zeng Gengsheng L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundArtifact reduction or removal is a challenging task when the artifact creation physics are not well modeled mathematically. One of such situations is metal artifacts in x‐ray CT when the metallic material is unknown, and the x‐ray spectrum is wide.PurposeA neural network is used to act as the objective function for iterative artifact reduction when the artifact model is unknown.MethodsA hypothetical unpredictable projection data distortion model is used to illustrate the proposed approach. The model is unpredictable, because it is controlled by a random variable. A convolutional neural network is trained to recognize the artifacts. The trained network is then used to compute the objective function for an iterative algorithm, which tries to reduce the artifacts in a computed tomography (CT) task. The objective function is evaluated in the image domain. The iterative algorithm for artifact reduction is in the projection domain. A gradient descent algorithm is used for the objective function optimization. The associated gradient is calculated with the chain rule.ResultsThe learning curves illustrate the decreasing treads of the objective function as the number of iterations increases. The images after the iterative treatment show the reduction of artifacts. A quantitative metric, the Sum Square Difference (SSD), also indicates the effectiveness of the proposed method.ConclusionThe methodology of using a neural network as an objective function has potential value for situations where a human developed model is difficult to describe the underlying physics. Real‐world applications are expected to be benefit from this methodology.
Managing demand slowdown: The interplay between trade‐ins and quality improvement
Authors: Wang Wei , Feng Lipan , Li Yongjian , Cai Gangshu (George) , Zhang Wubo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractQuality improvement and trade‐ins are widely used by firms to manage the demand slowdown. However, how these two strategies interact with each other is unclear. In this paper, we construct a stylized model where a monopoly sells the new product to a market comprising both new and replacement consumers. We examine and compare the firm's optimal decisions, demands, and profits under four cases with quality improvement and/or trade‐in program. We identify several interesting results. First, quality improvement may lead to a lower retail price, while the trade‐in program consistently results in a higher price. Additionally, the trade‐in program encourages the firm to increase quality improvement level and sell the product with a higher price increase per unit of quality improvement. Second, although the trade‐in program and quality improvement strategy can certainly help increase the new product's demand, they may be partially substitutive under some conditions. Interestingly, their complementary effect in improving the firm's profit always exists. Third, quality improvement constantly improves consumer surplus and social welfare; however, it brings a larger environmental burden. Conversely, although the trade‐in program might reduce consumer surplus and social welfare, it can potentially reduce the environmental impacts when unit production cost is relatively low. Finally, our main findings above are relatively robust when considering the internal competition from remanufactured products, external competition from the secondary market, or the impacts of strategic consumer behaviors.
Mechanisms regulating vascular and lymphatic regeneration in the heart after myocardial infarction
Authors: Berkeley Bronwyn , Tang Michelle Nga Huen , Brittan Mairi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMyocardial infarction, caused by a thrombus or coronary vascular occlusion, leads to irreversible ischaemic injury. Advances in early reperfusion strategies have significantly reduced short‐term mortality after myocardial infarction. However, survivors have an increased risk of developing heart failure, which confers a high risk of death at 1 year. The capacity of the injured neonatal mammalian heart to regenerate has stimulated extensive research into whether recapitulation of developmental regeneration programmes may be beneficial in adult cardiovascular disease. Restoration of functional blood and lymphatic vascular networks in the infarct and border regions via neovascularisation and lymphangiogenesis, respectively, is a key requirement to facilitate myocardial regeneration. An improved understanding of the endogenous mechanisms regulating coronary vascular and lymphatic expansion and function in development and in adult patients after myocardial infarction may inform future therapeutic strategies and improve translation from pre‐clinical studies. In this review, we explore the underpinning research and key findings in the field of cardiovascular regeneration, with a focus on neovascularisation and lymphangiogenesis, and discuss the outcomes of therapeutic strategies employed to date. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
An investigation into performance properties of sustainable polypropylene composites reinforced with basalt fiber and fly ash
Authors: Maurya Atul Kumar , Mahadeva Rajesh , Manik Gaurav , Patole Shashikant P. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe presented work explores the fabrication and performance analysis of a 10–20 wt% basalt fiber (BF) reinforced styrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐styrene toughened polypropylene (PP) composite. The effect of hybridization of 5 wt% cetrimonium bromide (CTAB) treated submicron particulate fly ash (FA) on various properties of the composites was investigated. The composites containing 5 wt% FA and 20 wt% BF offered the highest tensile and flexural strengths of ~48 and 99 MPa, respectively. Likewise, an impact strength of 1.08 kJ/m2 was possessed by the composite containing 5 wt% FA and 10 wt% BF. Thermomechanical and thermal decomposition analysis depicted a desirable increase in the storage modulus, glass transition temperature and a positive shift in the degradation temperature of all the composites compared to base matrix. The use of PP with naturally available basalt fiber, along with waste fly ash for the composite could be environmental benign and welcomed by industry.
Brachial plexopathy after breast cancer: A persistent late effect of radiotherapy
Authors: Harris Susan R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRadiation‐induced brachial plexopathy (RIBP) is an iatrogenic, progressively disabling, and often very late effect of adjuvant radiotherapy most commonly seen in breast cancer survivors but also in those treated for lymphoma, lung, and head and neck cancers. In late‐onset RIBP following breast cancer, the nerve injury is chronic and irreversible, occurring more commonly when axillary and/or supraclavicular nodes have been irradiated, as well as the breast/chest wall. RIBP is manifested initially by paresthesia, hypoesthesia, dysesthesia, and later by weakness in the ipsilateral hand with those symptoms progressing distally to proximally up through the shoulder. Depressed/absent deep tendon reflexes in the upper extremity and muscle fasciculations occur also. Neither patients nor their health care providers tend to associate these unusual neurological symptoms with cancer treatments received ≥20 years prior, often failing to link these sensory‐motor symptoms with radiotherapy decades before. Because long‐term follow‐up of these patients now typically falls to general practitioners, many cases may be missed or misdiagnosed because of the rarity of this disorder. Physiatrists and allied rehabilitation professionals must be aware of this progressively disabling, incurable condition to provide appropriate diagnoses and compensatory rehabilitation therapies. Additionally, professional oncology organizations should include RIBP in their long‐term, survivorship guidelines for breast cancer. Researchers examining the iatrogenic late effects of radiotherapy should extend their follow‐up periods well beyond the current 5–6 years to ascertain the true incidence of RIBP today. Rehabilitation providers must continue to advocate for awareness, diagnosis, and management of iatrogenic outcomes experienced by long‐term cancer survivors.
High‐throughput computational investigation of protein electrostatics and cavity for SAM‐dependent methyltransferases
Authors: Jurich Christopher , Yang Zhongyue J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractS‐adenosyl methionine (SAM)–dependent methyl transferases (MTases) are a ubiquitous class of enzymes catalyzing dozens of essential life processes. Despite targeting a large space of substrates with diverse intrinsic reactivity, SAM MTases have similar catalytic efficiency. While understanding of MTase mechanism has grown tremendously through the integration of structural characterization, kinetic assays, and multiscale simulations, it remains elusive how these enzymes have evolved to fit the diverse chemical needs of their respective substrates. In this work, we performed a high‐throughput molecular modeling analysis of 91 SAM MTases to better understand how their properties (i.e., electric field [EF] strength and active site volumes) help achieve similar catalytic efficiency toward substrates of different reactivity. We found that EF strengths have largely adjusted to make the target atom a better methyl acceptor. For MTases that target RNA/DNA and histone proteins, our results suggest that EF strength accommodates formal hybridization state and variation in cavity volume trends with diversity of substrate classes. Metal ions in SAM MTases contribute negatively to EF strength for methyl donation and enzyme scaffolds tend to offset these contributions.
Exploring the real cause of hemoptysis: A case of pulmonary tumor embolism in a young woman with accompanying pulmonary metastasis of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia
Authors: Hu Qun , Li Meiqian , Liu Yu , Xie Min , Wang Lan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe report a case of pulmonary embolism caused by gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) accompanied by pulmonary metastasis to improve the recognition ability of the disease in young female patients with pulmonary embolism and hemoptysis.
Cover cropping reduces the negative effect of salinity on soil microbiomes
Authors: Dasgupta Debarshi , Ries Mackenzie , Walter Kelly , Zitnick‐Anderson Kimberly , Camuy‐Vélez Lennel A. , Gasch Caley , Banerjee Samiran 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionSoil salinization is a major abiotic stress that imposes high osmotic stress on plant growth, thereby limiting crop productivity. It also acts as an environmental filter for microbes, impacting associated ecosystem services and functions. Agricultural practices such as cover cropping can help mitigate the negative impacts of soil salinity. However, our knowledge of how cover cropping and salinity influence soil microbiome diversity and complexity is limited.Materials & MethodsUsing amplicon sequencing, metagenomics, and network analysis, we aimed to determine if cover cropping can be effective in maintaining microbiome complexity and functioning in salinity‐affected soils. We conducted a field study to determine the soil microbial properties over four locations with salinity (saline: SS, and nonsaline: NS) and cover cropping (cover‐cropped: CC, and no cover‐cropped: NC) treatments. We hypothesized that microbial diversity and complexity will be lower in saline as compared to nonsaline soils, and the reduction can be countered by inclusion of cover crops.ResultsOur results found a significant effect of salinity on the clustering of bacterial communities in soil. However, cover cropping increased bacterial and fungal alpha diversity. Cover cropping increased soil microbial network complexity under both saline and nonsaline conditions. Most of the keystone taxa were members of the order Thermomicrobiales, which are known to enhance stress tolerance in plants. Metagenomics revealed higher activities of genes related to transcription and folate metabolism in saline‐cover crop treatments.ConclusionOur results identify key microbial players under salinity stress and highlight the potential of using cover crops to mitigate the negative effect of salinity on soil microbiomes, which can facilitate sustainable productivity in saline agroecosystems.
The behavior of cold‐formed steel geopolimeric composites
Authors: Kılıç Mahmut , Alcan Haluk Görkem , Çelebi Oğuzhan , Bayrak Barış , Öz Ali , Kaplan Gökhan , Aydın Abdulkadir Cüneyt 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGeopolymer concrete‐filled cold formed steel composite beams can exhibit high durability and adequate strength. The geopolymer concrete is used to manufacture the cold‐formed steel tubular composite beam due to the significant advantages, such as greater in strength resisting capacity, higher‐energy dissipation capacity, and more stiffness than the regular one. This paper reports an experimental investigation on the behavior of rectangular geopolymer concrete‐filled cold‐formed steel composite beams. In order to investigate the mechanical behavior (such as flexural, shear, and torsion) of geopolymer concrete‐filled cold‐formed steel tubular composite beams (GCFTBs), 48 beam samples were tested. The 16‐GCFTBs and another 16‐GCFTBs were tested under flexural and overhanging, respectively, which the 16‐GCFTBs were tested under pure torsion. The relationships for load–displacement, torsional moment‐rotation angle, energy dissipation capacity, ductility, and failure mode were analyzed. The test results showed that the increase in cross‐sectional area and curing temperature had a significant effect on bending, shear and torsion behavior. Although the increase in the cross‐section ratio (height/width) increased the bending moment capacity, it decreased the displacement capacity and caused a decrease in ductility. Curing conditions and cross‐section ratio affected strength, displacement capacity, and experimental modulus of elasticity in both bending and shear tests. Increasing the cross‐section ratio and curing temperature resulted in an increase in ductility. Contrary to bending test and shear test, curing temperature, and cross‐section ratio increased both torsional moment strength and rotation angle in torsional moment tests.
The reconstruction of serial numbers in polymers: Recent progress, challenges, and perspectives
Authors: Skokan Lilian , Crispino Frank , Muehlethaler Cyril , Ruediger Andreas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe mass production of polymers has forced forensic practitioners to reconsider traditional methods of traces analysis. The field of impression reconstruction, specifically markings in firearms, is a prime example. This overview offers a critical evaluation of the relevant published techniques for the reconstruction of serial number in polymers, which include destructive methods such as swelling, heat treatments and relief polishing as well as methods allowing for trace preservation, such as hyperspectral Raman imaging combined with multivariate statistical analysis for enhanced pertinent data extraction. It therefore provides a complementary compilation to existing protocols for metal substrates. The novelty of this work lies within its approach, specifically by establishing not only the mechanistic scientific explanation for suitable comprehension and application of the techniques, but also by properly assessing their relevance considering the use in a forensic science context. The potential of wide‐field imaging techniques, mainly auto‐fluorescence analysis, is suggested for faster acquisition and reduced data processing (i.e., decreased time and greater accessibility). Additionally, application of the acquired knowledge to other relevant forensic traces, such as failure analysis of 3D printed objects, is proposed. Emphasis is also placed on the relevance of a purposeful interpretative framework necessary to reconstruct the singular past of the obliterated serial number thus leading to the identification of the given object in which it is affixed.This article is categorized under:
Forensic Chemistry and Trace Evidence > Fingermarks and Other Marks
Forensic Chemistry and Trace Evidence > Emerging Technologies and Methods
Forensic Chemistry and Trace Evidence > Trace Evidence