bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptation potential of Neotropical montane oaks to drought events: Wood anatomy sensitivity in Quercus delgadoana and Quercus meavei
Authors: Argüelles‐Marrón Beatriz , Meave Jorge A. , Luna‐Vega Isolda , Crispin‐DelaCruz Doris B. , Szejner Paul , Ames‐Martínez Fressia N. , Rodríguez‐Ramírez Ernesto C. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Climate and local water availability are major evolutionary drivers of adaptive variation and plasticity in the hydraulic architecture of Tropical Montane Cloud Forest (TMCF) tree species. Between‐year xylem vessel variability is key to understanding the adaptation potential of wood anatomy of trees to drought. How wood anatomical features have been influenced by the typical TMCF climate and how tree species persist in these environments remain open questions, particularly in the context of predicted extreme climate events in the future.

Here, we evaluated the effects of changes in temperature, precipitation and evapotranspiration during drought events on ring‐width and anatomical vessel traits (hydraulic diameter, vessel density, vessel grouping index and vulnerability index) for two relict endemic and threatened oak species (Quercus delgadoana and Q. meavei) from a Mexican TMCF.

The study species differed in their functional and ecological vessel anatomical traits, and their wood anatomical differences are related to specific environmental requirements. However, the ring‐width indices (RWIs) calculated for these species indicate that both have high resistance and recovery, and thus high resilience to drought events.

Ring‐width and vessel functional traits show differences in the between‐year variability of xylem traits associated with the hydraulic efficiency of these oak species, which is crucial to understanding how they avoid drought‐induced embolism and cavitation in vessel conduits. These results provide evidence for the existence of specific hydraulic systems that determine functional wood anatomy in response to climatic variation and drought in the study species. Further research assessing the wood anatomical adaptation to different climatic variables and identifying the xylem functional traits that underlie these adaptations, along with the mechanisms allowing tree species persistence in these environments, is essential to gain insight into the responses of TMCF to future drought events.

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Anchoring grassland sustainability with a nature‐based small burrowing mammal control strategy
Authors: Li Wenjin , Knops Johannes M. H. , Zhou Xi , Jin Huijun , Xiang Zhiqiang , Ka Zhuo Cairang , Jin Xiaoying , Zhou Huakun , Dong ShiKui 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Over the last 40 years, a burrowing mammal eradication policy has been prevalent on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP). This policy is based on similar burrowing mammal eradication programs in other areas and is justified on the assumptions that burrowing mammals compete with livestock for forage and contribute to grassland degradation. However, there is no clear theoretical or experimental evidence supporting these assumptions.

This paper synthesizes the ecological functioning of small burrowing mammals in natural grasslands and discusses the irrationality and consequences of burrowing mammal eradication for sustainable livestock grazing and grassland degradation.

Past burrowing mammal eradication efforts have failed because increased food availability for the remaining rodents and reduced predator populations led to rapid population rebounds. Herbivores differ in diet, and there is clear evidence that burrowing mammals, especially plateau zokors Myospalax baileyi, have a different diet than livestock. In QTP meadows, burrowing mammal eradication induces a shift towards plant communities with fewer species preferred by livestock and more species preferred by burrowing mammals. Thus, eradicating burrowing mammals has the opposite effect, a reduction in livestock preferred vegetation. We suggest that the policy of poisoning burrowing mammals needs to be reconsidered and revoked as soon as possible.

We argue that incorporating density‐dependent factors such as predation and food availability are essential for maintaining a low burrowing mammal density. For degraded grasslands, we suggest that the optimal sustainable approach is to decrease the intensity of livestock grazing. Lower grazing induces changes in vegetation structure and plant species composition that increases predation on burrowing mammals and decreases the abundance of plants preferred by burrowing mammals. Such a nature‐based grassland management system maintains the density of burrowing mammals at a low stable density while minimizing human management and interventions.
Detecting Nineteen Eighty‐Four in Italian Alternate History and Future/Past Narratives (1948–1984)
Authors: ARCIERO ANGELO 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDue to its structural complexity, Nineteen Eighty‐Four poses itself as a real watershed within dystopian literature, involving a vision of history conceived as a discontinuous and non‐linear progress. By such a token – and because of its enduring ability to spread to other cultural contexts – the representation of totalitarianism in Orwell's last novel is translated into a narrative structure with implicit uchronic components, exerting its impact also in the field of alternate history. This article aims to examine the various reverberations of Nineteen Eighty‐Four, focusing on the Italian panorama and, in particular, on the unfinished novel by Corrado Alvaro (Belmoro), the uchronies of Guido Morselli (Roma senza papa and Contro‐passato prossimo), and the short story by Luigi Malerba 4891. Ranging from the 1950s to the early 1980s, Alvaro, Morselli, and Malerba's works, through the combined devices of dystopia and alternate history, offer a critical picture of the transformations of Italian society in those years.
Renewing the purpose of geography education: Eco‐anxiety, powerful knowledge, and pathways for transformation
Authors: Davidson Julie , Jones Charlotte , Johnson Malcolm , Yildiz Deniz , Prahalad Vishnu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractConcerns about the decline in uptake of secondary geography education continue despite arguments supporting the value of geography education, the power of geographical thinking, and geography’s critical role in preparing students to deal with complex challenges. Already constrained by neoliberal politics of disadvantage, young people must plan and prepare for chaotic futures. Consequently, young people are becoming distressed and worried about their futures and feeling powerless as society fails to adequately address these issues. In this article, we ask what schools and universities can do as place‐based public institutions to serve young people to effectively respond to eco‐anxiety and build capacities to surf the unrelenting waves of change. We draw on journeys that brought three young doctoral candidates to study geography. From their stories, we sketch what a geographical education could offer in terms of relevance, practicality, and engagement with transformative system change. We think that under current world conditions, this is a moment to revive geography education and give it renewed purpose to encourage young people to develop skills and competences to tackle wicked problems.
Exosomes released by Brucella‐infected macrophages inhibit the intracellular survival of Brucella by promoting the polarization of M1 macrophages
Authors: Wang Yueli , Li Honghuan , Xu Zhenyu , Yi Jihai , Li Wei , Meng Chuang , Zhang Huan , Deng Xiaoyu , Ma Zhongchen , Wang Yong , Chen Chuangfu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractExosomes, membrane vesicles released extracellularly from cells, contain nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and other components, allowing the transfer of material information between cells. Recent studies reported the role of exosomes in pathogenic microbial infection and host immune mechanisms. Brucella‐invasive bodies can survive in host cells for a long time and cause chronic infection, which causes tissue damage. Whether exosomes are involved in host anti‐Brucella congenital immune responses has not been reported. Here, we extracted and identified exosomes secreted by Brucella melitensis M5 (Exo‐M5)‐infected macrophages, and performed in vivo and in vitro studies to examine the effects of exosomes carrying antigen on the polarization of macrophages and immune activation. Exo‐M5 promoted the polarization of M1 macrophages, which induced the significant secretion of M1 cytokines (tumour necrosis factor‐α and interferon‐γ) through NF‐κB signalling pathways and inhibited the secretion of M2 cytokines (IL‐10), thereby inhibiting the intracellular survival of Brucella. Exo‐M5 activated innate immunity and promoted the release of IgG2a antibodies that protected mice from Brucella infection and reduced the parasitaemia of Brucella in the spleen. Furthermore, Exo‐M5 contained Brucella antigen components, including Omp31 and OmpA. These results demonstrated that exosomes have an important role in immune responses against Brucella, which might help elucidate the mechanisms of host immunity against Brucella infection and aid the search for Brucella biomarkers and the development of new vaccine candidates.
Genesis of Fibrous Calcite in the Chang 7 Member of the Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin, China
Authors: LIU Guanglin , LIU Xianyang , MA Xiaofeng , MA Shuang , WANG Xiaofeng , LI Shuo , SHI Zhiqiang , WANG Yanxin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo explore the genesis of the laminated calcite veins developed in the black shale of Chang 73 submember of the Ordos Basin, the petrology, microstructure and geochemistry of calcite veins are studied using thin sections, fluid inclusions, trace elements and isotopic geochemistry. The source, the time of formation, the mechanism of formation, and the dynamic background of the veins are discussed. The veins are mostly made up of calcite, mixed with lenticular or spindle‐shape solid wall rock inclusions. Three structures are identified in the calcite minerals: fibrous, rhombic cleavage, and wedge‐like structure. Trace elements and isotopes of carbon and oxygen confirm that the calcite veins were formed from a high density hydrothermal fluid. It is assumed that calcite veins formed prior to wall rock consolidation during the formation of the Qinling Orogenic Belt in the Middle and Late Triassic. The results show that the sedimentary sources of Chang 73 submember were influenced by hydrothermal materials besides terrigenous detritus. The fibrous calcite is different from the fibrous calcite reported in the morphology and mechanism of formation. In this way, the research complements and improves the morphology and the mechanism of formation of fibrous calcite.
Changes in perinatal management and outcomes of extremely preterm infants born below 26 weeks of gestation in a tertiary referral hospital in Sweden: Comparison between 2004–2007 and 2012–2016
Authors: Aronsson Emma , Holzmann Malin , Bartocci Marco , Hulthén Varli Ingela , Saltvedt Sissel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionPerinatal management of extremely preterm births in Sweden has changed toward active care from 22–23 gestational weeks during the last decades. However, considerable regional differences exist. This study evaluates how one of the largest perinatal university centers has adapted to a more active care between 2004–2007 and 2012–2016 and if this has influenced infant survival.Material and methodsIn this historical cohort study, women admitted with at least one live fetus and delivered at 22–25 gestational weeks (stillbirths included) at Karolinska University Hospital Solna during April 1, 2004–March 31, 2007, and January 1, 2012–December 31, 2016, were compared regarding rates of obstetric and neonatal interventions, and infant mortality and morbidity. Maternal, pregnancy and infant data from 2004–2007 were obtained from the Extreme Preterm Infants in Sweden Study while data from 2012–2016 were extracted from medical journals and quality registers. The same definitions of interventions and diagnoses were used for both study periods.ResultsA total of 106 women with 118 infants during 2004–2007 and 213 women with 240 infants during 2012–2016 were included. Increases between the study periods were seen regarding cesarean delivery (overall rate 14% [17/118] during 2004–2007 vs. 45% [109/240] during 2012–2016), attendance of a neonatologist at birth (62% [73/118] vs. 85% [205/240]) and surfactant treatment at birth in liveborn infants (60% [45/75] vs. 74% [157/211]). Antepartum stillbirth rate decreased (13% [15/118] vs. 5% [12/240]) and the proportion of live births increased (80% [94/118] vs. 88% [211/240]) while 1‐year survival (64% [60/94] vs. 67% [142/211]) and 1‐year survival without major neonatal morbidity (21% [20/94] vs. 21% [44/211]) among liveborn infants did not change between the study periods. At 22 gestational weeks, interventions rates were still low during 2012–2016, most obvious regarding antenatal steroid treatment (23%), attendance of a neonatologist (51%), and intubation at birth (24%).ConclusionsBoth obstetric and neonatal interventions at births below 26 gestational weeks increased between 2004–2007 and 2012–2016 in this single center study; however, at 22 gestational weeks they were still at a low level during 2012–2016. Despite more infants being born alive, 1‐year survival did not increase between the study periods.
Group Variable Selection for the Cox Model with Interval-Censored Failure Time Data
Authors: Wu Yuxiang , Zhao Hui , Sun Jianguo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGroup variable selection is often required in many areas, and for this many methods have been developed under various situations. Unlike the individual variable selection, the group variable selection can select the variables in groups, and it is more efficient to identify both important and unimportant variables or factors by taking into account the existing group structure. In this paper, we consider the situation where one only observes interval-censored failure time data arising from the Cox model, for which there does not seem to exist an established method. More specifically, a penalized sieve maximum likelihood variable selection and estimation procedure is proposed and the oracle property of the proposed method is established. Also, an extensive simulation study is performed and suggests that the proposed approach works well in practical situations. An application of the method to a set of real data is provided.
Interferon alpha‐2 treatment reduces circulating neutrophil extracellular trap levels in myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Massarenti Laura , Knudsen Trine Alma , Enevold Christian , Skov Vibe , Kjær Lasse , Larsen Morten K. , Larsen Thomas S. , Hansen Dennis L. , Hasselbalch Hans C. , Nielsen Claus H. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNeutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) may play a pathogenic role in the thrombosis associated with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). We measured serum NET levels in 128 pretreatment samples from patients with MPNs and in 85 samples taken after 12 months of treatment with interferon alpha‐2 (PEG‐IFNα‐2) formulations or hydroxyurea (HU). No differences in NET levels were observed across subdiagnoses or phenotypic driver mutations. In PV, a JAK2V617F+ allele burden ≥50% associated with increased NET levels (p = 0.006). Baseline NET levels correlated with neutrophil count (r = 0.29, p = 0.001), neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (r = 0.26, p = 0.004) and JAK2V617F allele burden (r = 0.22, p = 0.03), particularly in patients with PV and with allele burden ≥50% (r = 0.50, p = 0.01, r = 0.56, p = 0.002 and r = 0.45, p = 0.03 respectively). In PV, after 12 months of treatment, NET levels decreased on average by 60% in patients with allele burden ≥50%, compared to only 36% in patients with an allele burden <50%. Overall, treatment with PEG‐IFNα‐2a or PEG‐IFNα‐2b reduced NETs levels in 77% and 73% of patients, respectively, versus only 53% of HU‐treated patients (average decrease across treatments: 48%). Normalization of blood counts did not per se account for these reductions. In conclusion, baseline NET levels correlated with neutrophil count, NLR and JAK2V617F allele burden, and IFNα was more effective at reducing prothrombotic NET levels than HU.
How do we image patients with multiple myeloma and precursor states?
Authors: Chakraborty Rajshekhar , Hillengass Jens , Lentzsch Suzanne 
Published: May 2023

SummaryAdvances in morphological and functional imaging have led to superior detection of early bone disease, bone marrow infiltration, paramedullary and extramedullary involvement in multiple myeloma. The two functional imaging modalities that are most widely used and standardized are 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose–Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) and whole‐body magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion‐weighted imaging (WB DW‐MRI). Both prospective and retrospective studies have demonstrated that WB DW‐MRI is more sensitive than PET/CT in the detection of baseline tumour burden and to assess response after therapy. In patients with smouldering multiple myeloma, WB DW‐MRI is now the preferred imaging modality to rule out two or more unequivocal lesions which would be considered a myeloma‐defining event by the updated international myeloma working group (IMWG) criteria. In addition to sensitive detection of baseline tumour burden, both PET/CT and WB DW‐MRI have been successfully used for monitoring response to therapy and provide information that is complementary to IMWG response assessment and bone marrow minimal residual disease. In this article, we present 3 vignettes illustrating how we approach the use of modern imaging in the management of patients with multiple myeloma and precursor states, with a specific focus on recent data that have emerged since the publication of the IMWG consensus guideline on imaging. We have utilized data from prospective and retrospective studies to provide a rationale for our approach to imaging in these clinical scenarios and highlighted knowledge gaps requiring future investigation.
Influences of sea level changes and volcanic eruptions on Holocene vegetation in Tonga
Authors: Strandberg Nichola A. , Edwards Mary , Ellison Joanna C. , Steinbauer Manuel J. , Walentowitz Anna , Fall Patricia L. , Sear David , Langdon Peter , Cronin Shane , Castilla‐Beltrán Alvaro , Croudace Ian W. , Prebble Matiu , Gosling William D. , Nogué Sandra 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHere, we investigate Mid‐ to Late‐Holocene vegetation changes in low‐lying coastal areas in Tonga and how changing sea levels and recurrent volcanic eruptions have influenced vegetation dynamics on four islands of the Tongan archipelago (South Pacific). To investigate past vegetation and environmental change at Ngofe Marsh (‘Uta Vava’u), we examined palynomorphs (pollen and spores), charcoal (fire), and sediment characteristics (volcanic activity) from a 6.7‐m‐long sediment core. Radiocarbon dating indicated the sediments were deposited over the last 7700 years. We integrated the Ngofe Marsh data with similar previously published data from Avai’o’vuna Swamp on Pangaimotu Island, Lotofoa Swamp on Foa Island, and Finemui Swamp on Ha’afeva Island. Plant taxa were categorized as littoral, mangrove, rainforest, successional/ disturbance, and wetland groups, and linear models were used to examine relationships between vegetation, relative sea level change, and volcanic eruptions (tephra). We found that relative sea level change has impacted vegetation on three of the four islands investigated. Volcanic eruptions were not identified as a driver of vegetation change. Rainforest decline does not appear to be driven by sea level changes or volcanic eruptions. From all sites analyzed, vegetation at Finemui Swamp was most sensitive to changes in relative sea level. While vegetation on low‐lying Pacific islands is sensitive to changing sea levels, island characteristics, such as area and elevation, are also likely to be important factors that mediate specific island responses to drivers of change.
Species richness, vegetation structure, and floristic composition of woody plants along the elevation gradient of Mt. Meru, Tanzania
Authors: Lasway Julius V. , Njovu Henry K. , Eustace Abraham , Mathisen Karen Marie , Skarpe Christina , Peters Marcell K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the change in vegetation composition along elevational gradients is critical for species conservation in a changing world. We studied the species richness, tree height, and floristic composition of woody plants along an elevation gradient of protected habitats on the eastern slope of Mount Meru and analyzed how these vegetation variables are influenced by the interplay of temperature and precipitation. Vegetation data were collected on 44 plots systematically placed along five transects spanning an elevational gradient of 1600 to 3400 m a.s.l. We used ordinary linear models and multivariate analyses to test the effect of mean annual temperature and precipitation on woody plant species richness, tree height, and floristic composition. We found that species richness, mean tree height, and maximum tree height declined monotonically with elevation. Models that included only mean annual temperature as an explanatory variable were generally best supported to predict changes in species richness and tree height along the elevation gradient. We found significant changes in woody plant floristic composition with elevation, which were shaped by an interaction of mean annual temperature and precipitation. While plant communities consistently changed with temperature along the elevation gradient, levels of precipitation were more important for plant communities at lower than for those at higher elevations. Our study suggests that changes in temperature and precipitation regimes in the course of climate change will reshape elevational gradients of diversity, tree height, and correlated carbon storage in ecosystems, and the sequence of tree communities on East African mountains.
FHOD1 is upregulated in glioma cells and attenuates ferroptosis of glioma cells by targeting HSPB1 signaling
Authors: Zhang Fan , Wu Lixiang , Feng Songshan , Zhao Zijin , Zhang Kui , Thakur Abhimanyu , Xu Zhijie , Liang Qiuju , Liu Yuanhong , Liu Wei , Yan Yuanliang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundAs a new type of regulatory cell death, ferroptosis has been proven to be involved in cancer pathogenesis and therapeutic response. However, the detailed roles of ferroptosis or ferroptosis‐associated genes in glioma remain to be clarified.MethodsHere, we performed the TMT/iTRAQ‐Based Quantitative Proteomic Approach to identify the differentially expressed proteins between glioma specimens and adjacent tissues. Kaplan–Meier survival was used to estimate the survival values. We also explored the regulatory roles of abnormally expressed formin homology 2 domain‐containing protein 1 (FHOD1) in glioma ferroptosis sensitivity.ResultsIn our study, FHOD1 was identified to be the most significantly upregulated protein in glioma tissues. Multiple glioma datasets revealed that the glioma patients with low FHOD1 expression displayed favorable survival time. Functional analysis proved that the knockdown of FHOD1 inhibited cell growth and improved the cellular sensitivity to ferroptosis in glioma cells T98G and U251. Mechanically, we found the up‐regulation and hypomethylation of HSPB1, a negative regulator of ferroptosis, in glioma tissues. FHOD1 knockdown could enhance the ferroptosis sensitivity of glioma cells via up‐regulating the methylated heat‐shock protein B (HSPB1). Overexpression of HSPB1 significantly reversed FHOD1 knockdown‐mediated ferroptosis.ConclusionsIn summary, this study demonstrated that the FHOD1‐HSPB1 axis exerts marked regulatory effects on ferroptosis, and might affect the prognosis and therapeutic response in glioma.