bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the gamma-ray emission from the core of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy
Authors: Evans Addy J , Strigari Louis E , Svenborn Oskar , Albert Andrea , Harding J Patrick , Hooper Dan , Linden Tim , Pace Andrew B 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
We use Fermi-LAT data to analyse the faint gamma-ray source located at the centre of the Sagittarius (Sgr) dwarf spheroidal galaxy. In the 4FGL-DR3 catalogue, this source is associated with the globular cluster, M54. We investigate the spectral energy distribution and spatial extension of this source, with the goal of testing two hypotheses: (1) the emission is due to millisecond pulsars within M54, or (2) the emission is due to annihilating dark matter from the Sgr halo. For the pulsar interpretation, we consider a two-component model which describes both the lower-energy magnetospheric emission and possible high-energy emission arising from inverse Compton scattering. We find that this source has a point-like morphology at low energies, consistent with magnetospheric emission, and find no evidence for a higher-energy component. For the dark matter interpretation, we find the signal favours a dark matter mass of mχ = 29.6 ± 5.8 GeV and an annihilation cross section of $\sigma v = (2.1 \pm 0.59) \times 10^{-26} \, \text{cm}^3$ s−1 for the $b \bar{b}$ channel (or mχ = 8.3 ± 3.8 GeV and $\sigma v = (0.90 \pm 0.25) \times 10^{-26} \, \text{cm}^3$ s−1 for the τ+τ− channel), when adopting a J-factor of $J=10^{19.6} \, \text{GeV}^2 \, \text{cm}^{-5}$. This parameter space is consistent with gamma-ray constraints from other dwarf galaxies and with dark matter interpretations of the Galactic Centre Gamma-Ray Excess.
The effect of tidal forces on the Jeans instability criterion in star-forming regions
Authors: Zavala-Molina Rafael , Ballesteros-Paredes Javier , Gazol Adriana , Palau Aina 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Recent works have proposed the idea of a tidal screening scenario, in which gravitationally unstable fragments in the vicinity of a protostar will compete for the gas reservoir in a star-forming clump. In this contribution, we propose to properly include the action of an external gravitational potential in the Jeans linear instability analysis as proposed by Jog. We found that an external gravitational potential can reduce the critical mass required for the perturbation to collapse if the tidal forces are compressive or increase it if the tidal forces are disruptive. Our treatment provides (a) new mass and length collapse conditions; (b) a simple equation for observers to check whether their observed fragments can collapse; and (c) a simple equation to compute whether collapse-induced turbulence can produce the levels of observed fragmentation. Our results suggest that, given envelopes with similar mass and density, the flatter ones should produce more stars than the steeper ones. If the density profile is a power law, the corresponding power-law index separating these two regimes should be about 1.5. We finally applied our formalism to 160 fragments identified within 18 massive star-forming cores of previous works. We found that considering tides, 49 per cent of the sample may be gravitationally unstable and that it is unlikely that turbulence acting at the moment of collapse has produced the fragmentation of these cores. Instead, these fragments should have formed earlier when the parent core was substantially flatter.
Accreting black holes skewing and bending the optical emission from massive Wolf–Rayet companions – a case study of IC10 X-1
Authors: Bhattacharya Sayantan , Christodoulou Dimitris M , Chene André-Nicolas , Laycock Silas G T , Binder Breanna A , Kazanas Demosthenes 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
We present a statistical analysis of the He ii 4686 emission line in the spectra of the black hole and Wolf–Rayet (WR) star of the high-mass X-ray binary IC10 X-1. This line is visibly skewed, and the third moment (skewness) varies with the binary’s orbital phase. We describe a new method of extracting such weak/faint features lying barely above a noisy continuum. Using the moments of these features, we have been able to decompose these skewed lines into two symmetric Gaussian profiles as a function of the orbital phase. The astrophysical implications of this decomposition are significant due to the complex nature of wind–accretion stream interactions in such binary systems. Previous studies have already shown a 0.25 phase lag in the radial velocity curve of the star and the X-ray eclipse, which indicates that the He ii emitters might be in the stellar wind, hence not tracing the star’s orbital motion. Results from this work further suggest the existence of two separate emitting regions, one in the stellar wind in the shadow of the WR star and another in the accretion stream that impacts the black hole’s outer accretion disc; and the observed skewed He ii lines can be reproduced by superposition of the two corresponding time-dependent Gaussian emission profiles.
Hydrogen addition reactions of a three-membered ring in the solid state: c-C3H2O
Authors: Ibrahim Mohamad , Guillemin Jean-Claude , Krim Lahouari 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Due to the relatively high abundance of hydrogen radicals in the interstellar medium, the H-addition reaction of unsaturated organic molecules in the solid phase and at very low temperatures is considered to play an important role in the chemical complexity of organic substances in the Universe. However, when interacting with hydrogen atoms, all unsaturated functional groups that may be present in several organic species exhibit different behaviours that can significantly alter the reaction pathways from one species to another. By coupling FTIR spectroscopy and temperature programmed desorption mass spectrometry, we have investigated the H + c-C3H2O (cyclopropenone) solid-state reaction using two different experimental methods. We show that cyclopropenone reacts with hydrogen atoms under interstellar medium conditions, leading to propynal (HCCCHO), propadienone (CH2CCO), and two thermodynamically most stable isomers of c-C3H2O. In excess of H atoms, the hydrogenation of cyclopropenone also leads to propenal (CH2CHCHO), propanal (CH3CH2CHO), c-C3H4O (cyclopropanone), in addition to two alcohols, namely cyclopropanol (c-C3H6O) and propanol (CH3CH2CH2OH).
Formation of H2 on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons under conditions of the ISM: an ab initio molecular dynamics study
Authors: Barrera Nicolás F , Fuentealba Patricio , Muñoz Francisco , Gómez Tatiana , Cárdenas Carlos 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Understanding how the H2 molecule is formed under the chemical conditions of the interstellar medium (ISM) is critical to the whole chemistry of it. Formation of H2 in the ISM requires a third body acting as a reservoir of energy. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are excellent candidates to play that role. In this work, we simulated the collisions of hydrogen atoms with coronene to form H2 via the Eley–Rideal mechanism. To do so, we used Born–Oppenheimer (ab initio) molecular dynamics simulations. Our results show that adsorption of H atoms and subsequent release of H2 readily happen on coronene for H atoms with kinetic energy as large as 1 eV. Special attention is paid to dissipation and partition of the energy released in the reactions. The capacity of coronene to dissipate collision and reaction energies varies with the reaction site. Inner sites dissipate energy easier and faster than edge sites, thus evidencing an interplay between the potential energy surface around the reaction centre and its ability to cool the projectile. As for the recombination of H atoms and the subsequent formation of H2, it is observed that $\sim 15~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the energy is dissipated by the coronene molecule as vibrational energy and the remaining energy is carried by H2. The H2 molecules desorb from coronene with an excited vibrational state (υ ≥ 3), a large amount of translational kinetic energy (≥0.4 eV), and with a small activation of the rotational degree of freedom.
Paralogous translation factors target distinct mRNAs to differentially regulate tolerance to oxidative stress in yeast
Authors: Cunningham Joanne , Sfakianos Aristeidis P , Kritsiligkou Paraskevi , Kershaw Christopher J , Whitmarsh Alan J , Hubbard Simon J , Ashe Mark P , Grant Chris M 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Translation initiation factor 4G (eIF4G) is an integral component of the eIF4F complex which is key to translation initiation for most eukaryotic mRNAs. Many eIF4G isoforms have been described in diverse eukaryotic organisms but we currently have a poor understanding of their functional roles and whether they regulate translation in an mRNA specific manner. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae expresses two eIF4G isoforms, eIF4G1 and eIF4G2, that have previously been considered as functionally redundant with any phenotypic differences arising due to alteration in eIF4G expression levels. Using homogenic strains that express eIF4G1 or eIF4G2 as the sole eIF4G isoforms at comparable expression levels to total eIF4G, we show that eIF4G1 is specifically required to mediate the translational response to oxidative stress. eIF4G1 binds the mRNA cap and remains associated with actively translating ribosomes during oxidative stress conditions and we use quantitative proteomics to show that eIF4G1 promotes oxidative stress-specific proteome changes. eIF4G1, but not eIF4G2, binds the Slf1 LARP protein which appears to mediate the eIF4G1-dependent translational response to oxidative stress. We show similar isoform specific roles for eIF4G in human cells suggesting convergent evolution of multiple eIF4G isoforms offers significant advantages especially where translation must continue under stress conditions.
Role of DNA–DNA sliding friction and nonequilibrium dynamics in viral genome ejection and packaging
Authors: Fizari Mounir , Keller Nicholas , Jardine Paul J , Smith Douglas E 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Many viruses eject their DNA via a nanochannel in the viral shell, driven by internal forces arising from the high-density genome packing. The speed of DNA exit is controlled by friction forces that limit the molecular mobility, but the nature of this friction is unknown. We introduce a method to probe the mobility of the tightly confined DNA by measuring DNA exit from phage phi29 capsids with optical tweezers. We measure extremely low initial exit velocity, a regime of exponentially increasing velocity, stochastic pausing that dominates the kinetics and large dynamic heterogeneity. Measurements with variable applied force provide evidence that the initial velocity is controlled by DNA–DNA sliding friction, consistent with a Frenkel–Kontorova model for nanoscale friction. We confirm several aspects of the ejection dynamics predicted by theoretical models. Features of the pausing suggest that it is connected to the phenomenon of ‘clogging’ in soft matter systems. Our results provide evidence that DNA–DNA friction and clogging control the DNA exit dynamics, but that this friction does not significantly affect DNA packaging.
Dynamic structure of T4 gene 32 protein filaments facilitates rapid noncooperative protein dissociation
Authors: Cashen Ben A , Morse Michael , Rouzina Ioulia , Karpel Richard L , Williams Mark C 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Bacteriophage T4 gene 32 protein (gp32) is a model single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) binding protein, essential for DNA replication. gp32 forms cooperative filaments on ssDNA through interprotein interactions between its core and N-terminus. However, detailed understanding of gp32 filament structure and organization remains incomplete, particularly for longer, biologically-relevant DNA lengths. Moreover, it is unclear how these tightly-bound filaments dissociate from ssDNA during complementary strand synthesis. We use optical tweezers and atomic force microscopy to probe the structure and binding dynamics of gp32 on long (∼8 knt) ssDNA substrates. We find that cooperative binding of gp32 rigidifies ssDNA while also reducing its contour length, consistent with the ssDNA helically winding around the gp32 filament. While measured rates of gp32 binding and dissociation indicate nM binding affinity, at ∼1000-fold higher protein concentrations gp32 continues to bind into and restructure the gp32–ssDNA filament, leading to an increase in its helical pitch and elongation of the substrate. Furthermore, the oversaturated gp32–ssDNA filament becomes progressively unwound and unstable as observed by the appearance of a rapid, noncooperative protein dissociation phase not seen at lower complex saturation, suggesting a possible mechanism for prompt removal of gp32 from the overcrowded ssDNA in front of the polymerase during replication.
Synthetic Cooling Agents in Australian-Marketed E-cigarette Refill Liquids and Disposable E-cigarettes: Trends Follow the U.S. Market
Authors: Jenkins Caitlin , Morgan Jody , Kelso Celine 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Introduction
E-cigarettes are becoming increasingly popular in Australia, especially amongst the younger population. The synthetic cooling molecules WS-3 and WS-23 have been identified in e-cigarette products from the United States and Europe. The extent of inclusion of these synthetic coolants in Australian e-liquids is unknown, particularly in newer disposable e-cigarettes.

Aims and Methods
E-cigarettes and e-liquids were purchased within Australia and anonymously donated by Australian users. Nicotine, WS-3, WS-23, and menthol were quantified in the e-liquids using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

Results
WS-23 and nicotine were detected in all of the disposable e-cigarettes with WS-23 often present in high concentrations. There was no correlation between cooling terms in the flavor name and the inclusion of cooling agents. Only three bottled e-liquids were found to contain WS-23 while none contained WS-3 above the limit of detection.

Conclusions
Synthetic coolants were a common addition in disposable e-cigarettes while rarely added to e-liquid bottle refills. Their inclusion in these products is reflective of trends observed in United States and European e-cigarette products.

Implications
The increase in synthetic cooling agents as components of e-liquids, particularly disposable e-cigarette devices, has been observed within Australian samples across a range of brands and flavors. WS-23 was present in every disposable e-cigarette analyzed in this study, often in relatively high concentrations. Its inhalational toxicology should be considered when evaluating the safety of these products.
Accountability enablers? The role of transnational activism in the use of the multilateral development bank grievance mechanisms
Authors: Gunaydin Eda , Park Susan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The proliferation of concerns over the transparency, accountability, and democracy of international organizations has contributed to an increase in accountability mechanisms to hold global governors to account, by both state and non-state actors. Much of the scholarly focus on this subject has been on how levers of accountability can improve global governance for Member States and actors seeking to improve decision-making, and thus outputs. This article instead examines how individuals and communities, or neglected publics, are using accountability mechanisms designed to provide them with recourse for environmental and social harm. It probes the use of the grievance mechanisms for the multilateral development banks to examine what kinds of actors use them (e.g., international nongovernmental organizations, nongovernmental organizations, or project-affected people [PAP]) and to what effect. To explore these questions, we analyze 500 complaints submitted to the grievance mechanisms of the World Bank Group; the Asian, African, and Inter-American Development Banks; and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. The results demonstrate that claims for recourse come from a range of primarily local actors, but that PAP in developing countries will more often achieve positive outcomes from the grievance mechanism process if they receive assistance from international and national nongovernmental organizations. These findings therefore demonstrate that transnational activists can fulfill a facilitating role as “accountability enablers” and that domestic representatives are especially effective in problem-solving processes, while international representatives are especially effective in compliance processes.
Effects of safety and care services on psychological outcomes and housing satisfaction in Korean middle-aged and older adults living alone
Authors: Lim Jung-Won , Park Hwa-Ok Hannah , Kim Min Jung 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Korean society has witnessed a rapid increase in the number of single-person households at risk for loneliness or solitary deaths. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of safety and care services (SCS) on the psychological outcomes and housing satisfaction of Korean middle-aged and older adults living alone.

Methods
This study was a randomized controlled trial on residents of public rental housing. A total of 40 people underwent a 3-month intervention. For the experimental group, a caring service IoT solution was installed in participants’ houses, and coordinators provided services using IoT information. The control group received only visits by coordinators.

Results
The experimental group showed significant positive changes in depressive symptoms. An interaction effect of time and condition was observed, indicating that the loneliness scores of the experimental group were significantly reduced, whereas those of their counterparts were negligible. Both groups showed significant decreases in suicidal thoughts. Housing satisfaction in both groups significantly increased over time, but group differences were observed.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated the positive effects of SCS on depressive symptoms, suicidal thoughts and housing satisfaction for people living alone, suggesting that technology can be a useful tool for helping vulnerable people.
What Private Equity Does Differently: Evidence from Life Insurance
Authors: Kirti Divya , Sarin Natasha 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper studies how private equity creates value and its consequences for consumer welfare in the insurance industry, where PE investments grew tenfold following the financial crisis. PE firms add value through regulatory and tax arbitrage that increases profits relative to their non-PE counterparts. Crucially, the impact on consumer welfare is nuanced: in the short run, consumers benefit from more favorably priced products. But the arbitrage strategy also exposes them to more risk, as annual expected losses scaled by capital buffers rise by 50 percentage points. This creates the possibility of consumer harm in the event of a downturn.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Identification of CD64 as a marker for the destructive potential of synovitis in osteoarthritis
Authors: Teunissen van Manen Iris J , van Kooten Nienke J T , Di Ceglie Irene , Theeuwes Wessel F , Jimenez-Royo Pilar , Cleveland Matthew , van Lent Peter L E M , van der Kraan Peter M , Blom Arjen B , van den Bosch Martijn H J 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objectives
OA is characterized by cartilage degeneration and persistent pain. The majority of OA patients present with synovitis, which is associated with increased cartilage damage. Activated synovial macrophages are key contributors to joint destruction. Therefore, a marker that reflects the activation of these cells could be a valuable tool to characterize the destructive potential of synovitis and benefit monitoring of OA. Here, we aimed to investigate the use of CD64 (FcγRI) as a marker to characterize the damaging potential of synovitis in OA.

Methods
Synovial biopsies were obtained from end-stage OA patients that underwent joint replacement surgery. CD64 protein expression and localization was evaluated using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence and quantified using flow cytometry. qPCR was performed to measure the expression of FCGR1 and OA-related genes in synovial biopsies, and in primary chondrocytes and primary fibroblasts stimulated with OA conditioned medium (OAS-CM).

Results
Our data exposed a wide range of CD64 expression in OA synovium and showed positive correlations between FCGR1 and S100A8, S100A9, IL1B, IL6 and MMP1/2/3/9/13 expression. CD64 protein correlated with MMP1, MMP3, MMP9, MMP13 and S100A9. Furthermore, we observed that synovial CD64 protein levels in source tissue for OAS-CM significantly associated with the OAS-CM-induced expression of MMP1, MMP3 and especially ADAMTS4 in cultured fibroblasts, but not chondrocytes.

Conclusion
Together, these results indicate that synovial CD64 expression is associated with the expression of proteolytic enzymes and inflammatory markers related to structural damage in OA. CD64 therefore holds promise as marker to characterize the damaging potential of synovitis.
The COMPARE head-to-head, randomized controlled trial of SEL-212 (pegadricase plus rapamycin-containing nanoparticle, ImmTOR™) versus pegloticase for refractory gout
Authors: Baraf Herbert S B , Khanna Puja P , Kivitz Alan J , Strand Vibeke , Choi Hyon K , Terkeltaub Robert , Dalbeth Nicola , DeHaan Wesley , Azeem Rehan , Traber Peter G , Keenan Robert T 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Serum urate (SU) lowering with PEGylated uricases in gout can reduce flares and tophi. However, treatment-emergent anti-drug antibodies adversely affect safety and efficacy and the currently approved PEGylated uricase pegloticase requires twice-monthly infusions. Investigational SEL-212 therapy aims to promote uricase-specific tolerance via monthly sequential infusions of a proprietary rapamycin-containing nanoparticle (ImmTOR) and pegadricase.

Methods
COMPARE was a randomized, phase 2, open-label trial of SEL-212 vs pegloticase in adults with refractory gout. SEL-212 [ImmTOR (0.15 mg/kg) and pegadricase (0.2 mg/kg)] was infused monthly or pegloticase (8 mg) twice monthly for 6 months. The primary endpoint was the proportion of participants with SU &lt;6 mg/dl for ≥80% of the time during 3 and 6 months. Secondary outcomes were mean SU, gout flares, number of tender and/or swollen joints and safety.

Results
During months 3 and 6 combined, numerically more participants achieved and maintained a SU &lt;6 mg/dl for ≥80% of the time with SEL-212 vs pegloticase (53.0% vs 46.0%, P = 0.181). The percentage reductions in SU levels were statistically greater during months 3 and 6 with SEL-212 vs pegloticase (−73.79% and −47.96%, P = 0.0161). Reductions in gout flare incidence and number of tender and/or swollen joints were comparable between treatments. There were numerical differences between the most common treatment-related adverse events of interest with SEL-212 and pegloticase: gout flares (60.2% vs 50.6%), infections (25.3% vs 18.4%) and infusion-related reactions (15.7% vs 11.5%), respectively. Stomatitis (and related terms) was experienced by eight participants (9.6%) with SEL-212 and none with pegloticase. Stomatitis, a known event for rapamycin, was associated with ImmTOR only.

Conclusions
SEL-212 efficacy and tolerability were comparable to pegloticase in refractory gout. This was associated with a substantial reduction in treatment burden with SEL-212 due to decreased infusion frequency vs pegloticase.

Clinical trial registration
NCT03905512.