bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the Forecast Performance of Hydrological Models Using the Cubature Kalman Filter and Unscented Kalman Filter
Authors: Sun Y. , Tian X. , Bao W. , Qu S. , Li Q. , Chen Y. , Shi P. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHydrological models are widely used for flood forecasting, and proper initialization of hydrological models is essential. Although the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) has shown promise in the context of operational forecasting, it is limited by its intrinsic instability caused by the loss of positive semidefiniteness of the covariance matrix. Effective methods for tackling this problem have not been seen in the literature. The cubature Kalman filter (CKF) is a powerful nonlinear filter for state estimation, which has received little attention in the hydrologic context. In this paper, to overcome the instability problem of the UKF, a new modified UKF (UKF‐M) is proposed by modifying the default UKF tuning strategy, and a novel nonlinear filter (CKF) is introduced to update the states of hydrological models. The methods are tested using a lumped hydrological model. The results of the stability experiment suggest that both the UKF‐M and CKF can overcome the instability problem, while the original UKF can fail due to the loss of positive semidefiniteness of the covariance matrix. The results of a reforecast experiment in an operational context show that both filters can improve the forecast performance by updating the model state based on the observed discharge, with the UKF‐M achieving better forecast performances. The UKF‐M and CKF can be used to overcome the instability problem of the original UKF and are valuable methods for improving forecast performances of hydrological models by state updating.
Tuning charge density of chimeric antigen receptor optimizes tonic signaling and CAR-T cell fitness
Authors: Chen Jian , Qiu Shizhen , Li Wentao , Wang Kun , Zhang Yu , Yang Han , Liu Baichuan , Li Guangfei , Li Li , Chen Min , Lan Junjie , Niu Jiahua , He Peijie , Cheng Lei , Fan Gaofeng , Liu Xin , Song Xianmin , Xu Chenqi , Wu Haitao , Wang Haopeng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTonic signaling of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), i.e., the spontaneous CAR activation in the absence of tumor antigen stimulation, is considered to be a pivotal event controlling CAR-T efficacy. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the spontaneous CAR signals remains elusive. Here, we unveil that positively charged patches (PCPs) on the surface of the CAR antigen-binding domain mediate CAR clustering and result in CAR tonic signaling. For CARs with high tonic signaling (e.g., GD2.CAR and CSPG4.CAR), reducing PCPs on CARs or boosting ionic strength in the culture medium during ex vivo CAR-T cell expansion minimizes spontaneous CAR activation and alleviates CAR-T cell exhaustion. In contrast, introducing PCPs into the CAR with weak tonic signaling, such as CD19.CAR, results in improved in vivo persistence and superior antitumor function. These results demonstrate that CAR tonic signaling is induced and maintained by PCP-mediated CAR clustering. Notably, the mutations we generated to alter the PCPs maintain the antigen-binding affinity and specificity of the CAR. Therefore, our findings suggest that the rational tuning of PCPs to optimize tonic signaling and in vivo fitness of CAR-T cells is a promising design strategy for the next-generation CAR.
Probing top-of-the-line corrosion using coupled multi-electrode array in conjunction with local electrochemical measurement
Authors: Wang Mingyu , Tan Mike Yongjun , Zhu Yesen , Huang Yi , Xu Yunze 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAn experimental method has been developed for probing top-of-the-line corrosion (TLC) of pipeline steel based on the use of the wire beam electrode (WBE) in conjunction with local electrochemical measurements. Results show that the location of the droplet, the droplet retention time, the water condensation rate and the local TLC rate could be well determined through the macro-cell current mapping and local electrochemical measurements. The precipitation and the scaling tendency of the FeCO3 beneath the droplet were quantitatively estimated. The micro-cell corrosion was significantly influenced by the thickness of the condensed water film and the protectiveness of the FeCO3 layer. The discrepancy of the film formation inside and outside the droplets was the driving force of macro-cell corrosion. The in-situ measurement and visualization of the corrosion processes and kinetics using the modified WBE could be conveniently used to facilitate the understanding of the initiation and propagation of localized TLC.
Efficient noise mitigation technique for quantum computing
Authors: Shaib Ali , Naim Mohamad Hussein , Fouda Mohammed E. , Kanj Rouwaida , Kurdahi Fadi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractQuantum computers have enabled solving problems beyond the current machines’ capabilities. However, this requires handling noise arising from unwanted interactions in these systems. Several protocols have been proposed to address efficient and accurate quantum noise profiling and mitigation. In this work, we propose a novel protocol that efficiently estimates the average output of a noisy quantum device to be used for quantum noise mitigation. The multi-qubit system average behavior is approximated as a special form of a Pauli Channel where Clifford gates are used to estimate the average output for circuits of different depths. The characterized Pauli channel error rates, and state preparation and measurement errors are then used to construct the outputs for different depths thereby eliminating the need for large simulations and enabling efficient mitigation. We demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed protocol on four IBM Q 5-qubit quantum devices. Our method demonstrates improved accuracy with efficient noise characterization. We report up to 88% and 69% improvement for the proposed approach compared to the unmitigated, and pure measurement error mitigation approaches, respectively.
An agent-based approach for modelling and simulation of glycoprotein VI receptor diffusion, localisation and dimerisation in platelet lipid rafts
Authors: Tantiwong Chukiat , Dunster Joanne L. , Cavill Rachel , Tomlinson Michael G. , Wierling Christoph , Heemskerk Johan W. M. , Gibbins Jonathan M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractReceptor diffusion plays an essential role in cellular signalling via the plasma membrane microenvironment and receptor interactions, but the regulation is not well understood. To aid in understanding of the key determinants of receptor diffusion and signalling, we developed agent-based models (ABMs) to explore the extent of dimerisation of the platelet- and megakaryocyte-specific receptor for collagen glycoprotein VI (GPVI). This approach assessed the importance of glycolipid enriched raft-like domains within the plasma membrane that lower receptor diffusivity. Our model simulations demonstrated that GPVI dimers preferentially concentrate in confined domains and, if diffusivity within domains is decreased relative to outside of domains, dimerisation rates are increased. While an increased amount of confined domains resulted in further dimerisation, merging of domains, which may occur upon membrane rearrangements, was without effect. Modelling of the proportion of the cell membrane which constitutes lipid rafts indicated that dimerisation levels could not be explained by these alone. Crowding of receptors by other membrane proteins was also an important determinant of GPVI dimerisation. Together, these results demonstrate the value of ABM approaches in exploring the interactions on a cell surface, guiding the experimentation for new therapeutic avenues.
Applications and clinical trial landscape using Toll-like receptor agonists to reduce the toll of cancer
Authors: Rolfo Christian , Giovannetti Elisa , Martinez Pablo , McCue Shannon , Naing Aung 
Published: March 2023

AbstractToll-like receptors (TLRs), which serve as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity, may be viable treatment targets. TLRs are the first line of defense against microbes and activate signaling cascades that induce immune and inflammatory responses. Patients with “hot” versus “cold” tumors may respond more favorably to immune checkpoint inhibition, and through their downstream effects, TLR agonists have the potential to convert “cold tumors” into “hot tumors” making TLRs in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors, potential targets for cancer therapies. Imiquimod is a topical TLR7 agonist, approved by the FDA for antiviral and skin cancer treatments. Other TLR adjuvants are used in several vaccines including Nu Thrax, Heplisav, T-VEC, and Cervarix. Many TLR agonists are currently in development as both monotherapy and in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this review, we describe the TLR agonists that are being evaluated clinically as new therapies for solid tumors.
Opioid death projections with AI-based forecasts using social media language
Authors: Matero Matthew , Giorgi Salvatore , Curtis Brenda , Ungar Lyle H. , Schwartz H. Andrew 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTargeting of location-specific aid for the U.S. opioid epidemic is difficult due to our inability to accurately predict changes in opioid mortality across heterogeneous communities. AI-based language analyses, having recently shown promise in cross-sectional (between-community) well-being assessments, may offer a way to more accurately longitudinally predict community-level overdose mortality. Here, we develop and evaluate, TrOP (Transformer forOpiodPrediction), a model for community-specific trend projection that uses community-specific social media language along with past opioid-related mortality data to predict future changes in opioid-related deaths. TOP builds on recent advances in sequence modeling, namely transformer networks, to use changes in yearly language on Twitter and past mortality to project the following year’s mortality rates by county. Trained over five years and evaluated over the next two years TrOP demonstrated state-of-the-art accuracy in predicting future county-specific opioid trends. A model built using linear auto-regression and traditional socioeconomic data gave 7% error (MAPE) or within 2.93 deaths per 100,000 people on average; our proposed architecture was able to forecast yearly death rates with less than half that error: 3% MAPE and within 1.15 per 100,000 people.
Roboterassistierte thorakoskopische Zwerchfellraffung
Authors: Le Uyen-Thao , Titze Laurin , Passlick Bernward , Schmid Severin 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDas Leitsymptom des erworbenen einseitigen Zwerchfellhochstands ist die Atemnot, die typischerweise im Liegen, beim Bücken und beim Schwimmen verstärkt auftritt. Die Ätiologie ist
vielfältig, wobei die idiopathische Genese und die Zwerchfellparese nach Schädigung des N. phrenicus, bspw. bei (kardio-)thorakalen Eingriffen, die häufigsten Ursachen darstellen. Trotz
vielfältiger Behandlungsansätze ist die operative Zwerchfellraffung die aktuell einzige effektive Therapie. Ziel der Operation ist die Wiederherstellung der Spannung des Zwerchfells, wodurch
die Atemmechanik verbessert, das Ausdehnungsvolumen erhöht und eine mögliche Kompression von basal durch abdominelle Organe verringert wird. Hierfür stehen verschiedene Operationstechniken
mit verschiedenen Zugangswegen zur Verfügung. Die roboterassistierte thorakoskopische Zwerchfellraffung verbindet die Vorteile eines minimalinvasiven Zugangs mit einer hervorragenden
Darstellung des Situs und einem großen Handlungsspielraum für den Operateur. Diese Operationsmethode ist sehr sicher, vergleichsweise einfach zu erlernen und geht mit deutlichen funktionalen
Verbesserungen einher.
Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products: Dementia and Cognitive
Impairment
Authors: Singh Aditya , Ansari Vaseem Ahamad , Mahmood Tarique , Ahsan Farogh , Wasim Rufaida , Shariq Mohammad , Parveen Saba , Maheshwari Shubhrat 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe pathophysiological processes of dementia and cognitive impairment are linked
to advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their receptor (RAGE).The
neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau protein and
senile plaques (SPs), which are brought on by amyloid beta (Aβ)
deposition, are the hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a progressive
neurodegenerative condition. Advanced glycation end products that are produced
as a result of vascular dysfunction are bound by the receptor for advanced
glycation end products (RAGE). Dementia and cognitive impairment could develop
when RAGE binds to Aβ and produces reactive oxygen species, aggravating
Aβ buildup and ultimately resulting in SPs and NFTs. RAGE could be a
more powerful biomarker than Aβ because it is implicated in early AD.
The resident immune cells in the brain known as microglia are essential for
healthy brain function. Microglia is prominent in the amyloid plaques’
outside border as well as their central region in Alzheimer’s disease.
Microglial cells, in the opinion of some authors, actively contribute to the
formation of amyloid plaques. In this review, we first discuss the early
diagnosis of dementia and cognitive impairment, and then detail the interaction
between RAGE and Aβ and Tau that is necessary to cause dementia and
cognitive impairment pathology, and it is anticipated that the creation of RAGE
probes will help in the diagnosis and treatment of dementia and cognitive
impairment.
Chemical Reactions of Indole Alkaloids That Enable Rapid Access to New Scaffolds for Discovery
Authors: Huigens III Robert W. , Leas Derek A. , Schultz Daniel C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis graphical review provides a concise overview of indole alkaloids and chemical reactions that have been reported to transform both these natural products and derivatives to rapidly access new molecular scaffolds. Select biologically active compounds from these synthetic efforts are reported herein.
What Is the Risk? Epidemiology and Evidence for Surveillance Regimens
Authors: Islam Bianca , Nguyen Vu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPatients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). The risk for CRC is positively correlated to the duration of disease, extent of colonic involvement, and severity of inflammation. After 8 to 10 years of IBD diagnosis, the risk for CRC rises substantially and screening colonoscopy is recommended. Surveillance colonoscopy interval ranges from 1 to 5 years depending on patient and disease-specific risk factors. IBD patients with high risk factors such as having concomitant primary sclerosing cholangitis, moderate-to-severe inflammation, first-degree relative with CRC at early age, or history of invisible dysplasia or high-risk visible dysplasia should undergo surveillance colonoscopy in 1 year. Meanwhile, those with minimal colonic involvement or ≥2 consecutive unremarkable examinations while in continuous remission may consider extending the surveillance interval to 5 years. Advance in colonoscopy technique such as chromoendoscopy using dyes and/or image digital processing (virtual chromoendoscopy) may enhance dysplasia detection and is the preferred method for IBD surveillance. In the era of high-definition colonoscope, the practice of obtaining extensive biopsies throughout the colon remains controversial but is generally recommended to improve the detection rate of invisible dysplasia. Endoscopic surveillance in IBD has been shown to result in earlier detection of CRC and improved prognosis.
Minimally Invasive versus Open Ureteral Reimplantation in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Feng Shaoguang , Yu Zhechen , Yang Yicheng , Bi Yunli , Luo Jinjian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the safety and efficacy of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) versus open ureteral reimplantation (OUR) in children.
Methods Literature searches were conducted to identify studies that compared MIS (laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation or robot-assisted laparoscopic ureteral replantation) and OUR in children. Parameters such as operative time, blood loss, length of hospital stay, success rate, postoperative urinary tract infection (UTI), urinary retention, postoperative hematuria, wound infection, and overall postoperative complications were pooled and compared by meta-analysis.
Results Among the 7,882 pediatric participants in the 14 studies, 852 received MIS, and 7,030 received OUR. When compared with the OUR, the MIS approach resulted in shorter hospital stays (I
2 = 99%, weighted mean difference [WMD] –2.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] –4.22 to –1.41; p < 0.001), less blood loss (I
2 = 100%, WMD –12.65, 95% CI –24.82 to –0.48; p = 0.04), and less wound infection (I
2 = 0%, odds ratio 0.23, 95% CI 0.06–0.78; p = 0.02). However, no significant difference was found in operative time and secondary outcomes such as postoperative UTI, urinary retention, postoperative hematuria, and overall postoperative complications.
Conclusion MIS is a safe, feasible, and effective surgical procedure in children when compared with OUR. Compared with OUR, MIS has a shorter hospital stay, less blood loss, and less wound infection. Furthermore, MIS is equivalent to OUR in terms of success rate and secondary outcomes such as postoperative UTI, urinary retention, postoperative hematuria, and overall postoperative complications. We conclude that MIS should be considered an acceptable option for pediatric ureteral reimplantation.
Linear and thermo-optically generated nonlinear optical response of bovine serum albumin and its constituent amino acids in continuous wave z-scan
Authors: Tarek S. A. , Faruque S. B. , Sharafuddin S. M. , Hasan K. M. E. , Hossain A. K. M. M. , Ara H. , Biswas M. K. , Haque Y. 
Published: March 2023

Proteins are large biomolecules in the form of polypeptide chains consisting of amino acid (AA) residues. Ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy and continuous wave (CW) z-scan of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and some of its constituent AAs were examined to deduce the relationship between the optical properties of this protein molecule and its constituents. From the analysis of their optical spectra, the absorption at 278 nm by BSA is found to be the outcome of the cumulative effects of the absorptions by constituent aromatic AA residues, cysteine disulfide bonds, and methionine. Similarly, the closed aperture CW z-scan of BSA and those of the constituent AAs at 74–106 mW incident optical power at 655 nm indicate that thermally generated third-order optical effects arise in BSA and its aromatic AA residues due to multiphoton absorptions. The nonlinear optical (NLO) responses of BSA and those of the AA residues are compared in terms of their molar phase shift per unit power, which indicate a possible relationship between the NLO property of BSA and its AA residues.
Vernalisation and photoperiod responses of diverse wheat genotypes
Authors: Bloomfield Maxwell T. , Celestina Corinne , Hunt James R. , Huth Neil , Zheng Bangyou , Brown Hamish , Zhao Zhigan , Wang Enli , Stefanova Katia , Hyles Jessica , Rathjen Tina , Trevaskis Ben 
Published: March 2023

Context Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) adaptation is highly dependent on crop lifecycle duration, particularly the time at which flowering occurs in a specific environment. Frost, low solar radiation, heat and drought can significantly reduce yield if a crop flowers too early or late. Wheat genotypes have different lifecycle durations determined by plant responses to temperature (thermal time accumulation and vernalisation) and photoperiod. These responses are largely controlled by five phenology genes (two PPD1 and three VRN1 genes). Advances in crop phenology modelling suggest that flowering time under field conditions could be accurately predicted with parameters derived from photoperiod and vernalisation responses obtained in controlled environments. Aims This study quantified photoperiod and vernalisation responses of 69 Australian wheat genotypes selected for diversity at the PPD1 and VRN1 loci. Methods Spring and winter genotypes were grown in four controlled environments at a constant temperature of 22°C with photoperiod (17 or 8 h) and vernalisation (0 or 8 weeks) treatments as factors. Key results Thermal time from coleoptile emergence to flowering in spring genotypes was typically decreased more by long photoperiod than by vernalisation; the opposite was true for winter genotypes. Spring genotypes that were sensitive to vernalisation contained a sensitive allele at the Vrn-A1 locus. Conclusions There is large diversity in phenological responses of wheat genotypes to photoperiod and vernalisation, including among those with matching multi-locus genotype. Implications Data from this study will be used to parameterise and test a wheat phenology model in a future study.
MDST: multi-domain sparse-view CT reconstruction based on convolution and swin transformer
Authors: Li Yu , Sun XueQin , Wang SuKai , Li XuRu , Qin YingWei , Pan JinXiao , Chen Ping 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective.Sparse-view computed tomography (SVCT), which can reduce the radiation doses administered to patients and hasten data acquisition, has become an area of particular interest to researchers. Most existing deep learning-based image reconstruction methods are based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Due to the locality of convolution and continuous sampling operations, existing approaches cannot fully model global context feature dependencies, which makes the CNN-based approaches less efficient in modeling the computed tomography (CT) images with various structural information. Approach. To overcome the above challenges, this paper develops a novel multi-domain optimization network based on convolution and swin transformer (MDST). MDST uses swin transformer block as the main building block in both projection (residual) domain and image (residual) domain sub-networks, which models global and local features of the projections and reconstructed images. MDST consists of two modules for initial reconstruction and residual-assisted reconstruction, respectively. The sparse sinogram is first expanded in the initial reconstruction module with a projection domain sub-network. Then, the sparse-view artifacts are effectively suppressed by an image domain sub-network. Finally, the residual assisted reconstruction module to correct the inconsistency of the initial reconstruction, further preserving image details. Main results. Extensive experiments on CT lymph node datasets and real walnut datasets show that MDST can effectively alleviate the loss of fine details caused by information attenuation and improve the reconstruction quality of medical images. Significance. MDST network is robust and can effectively reconstruct images with different noise level projections. Different from the current prevalent CNN-based networks, MDST uses transformer as the main backbone, which proves the potential of transformer in SVCT reconstruction.