bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Band relaxation triggered by modulational instability in topological photonic lattices
Authors: Mančić A , Leykam D , Maluckov A 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Modulational instability in topological photonic lattices enables the selective population of energy bands and generation of steady-state wavefields with well-defined topological invariants. This provides a way to measure bulk topological invariants, which determine the number of robust edge modes appearing at the lattice edges via the bulk-edge correspondence. Here we study numerically the process of wave thermalization arising from modulational instability in topological bands. We apply a grand canonical approach to compute the effective temperature β and chemical potential μ of the steady-state wavefields. The steady-state wavefields exhibit a strong wavevector
k
-dependence of β and μ throughout the Brillouin zone, suggesting the existence of a long-lived pre-thermal phase and the absence of thermalization for the moderate propagation times accessible using topological photonic lattices.
Investigation of ELM-related Larmor ion flux into toroidal gaps of divertor target plates
Authors: Krieger K. , Balden M. , Barac M. , Bogdanović Radović I. , Brida D. , Faitsch M. , Gunn J.P. , Markelj S. , Kelemen M. , Manhard A. , de Marne P. , Pitts R.A. , Rohde V. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A detailed assessment of the thermo-mechanical limits of the International Tokamak Experimental Reactor (ITER) divertor with respect to potential excessive local transient heat loads due to edge localised modes (ELMs) has revealed a particular power loading scenario arising from the fact that ELM ions expelled from the upstream pedestal region will arrive at the divertor target plates without substantial thermalisation. As a consequence of their Larmor gyration around magnetic field lines, they are able to penetrate toroidal gaps between individual monoblocks of the target plate structure and can deliver rather intense heat loads to monoblock side faces near the gap entrance. To verify that this ELM-induced loading, predicted by both ion orbit simulations and particle in cell simulations, really does occur, two dedicated experiments have been performed on the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak. In both experiments a model toroidal gap structure of similar dimensions to those of the ITER divertor target monoblocks was exposed to a series of identical H-mode discharges with strong type-I ELMs. The effects arising from the gyro motion of hot ELM ions were identified by inverting, in the second experiment, the directions of both toroidal field and plasma current, thus reversing the ion gyration direction. The local distribution of incident ion flux on the gap side faces was quantified by pre- and post-exposure analysis of platinum marker layers to determine quantitatively the erosion rate of the platinum marker. The results fully confirm the ion orbit code predictions with respect to the penetration depth of incident ions with gyro orbits of similar or larger radius than the gap width. Moreover, the results confirm that ELM ions do indeed arrive at the divertor with their typical pedestal energies and also allow conclusions to be drawn regarding the corresponding intra-ELM ion particle and power flux, which is not easy to quantify using Langmuir probes.
The light charged particle detector array at the CSNS Back-n white neutron source
Authors: Sun Kang , Zhang Guohui , Yi Han , Fan Ruirui , Tang Jingyu , Jiang Wei , Chen Yonghao , Jiang Haoyu , Cui Zengqi , Hu Yiwei , Liu Jie , Ning Changjun , Wang Pengcheng , Niu Mengchen , Long Ze , An Qi , Bai Haofan , Bai Jiangbo , Bao Jie , Cao Ping , Chen Qiping , Chen Zhen , Fan Anchuan , Feng Changqing , Feng Fanzhen , Gao Keqing , Gu Minhao , Han Changcai , Han Zijie , He Guozhu , He Yongcheng , Hong Yang , Huang Hanxiong , Jia Weihua , Jiang Zhijie , Jin Zhengyao , Kang Ling , Li Bo , Li Chao , Li Gong , Li Jiawen , Li Qiang , Li Xiao , Li Yang , Liu Rong , Liu Shubin , Luan Guangyuan , Qi Binbin , Ren Jie , Ren Zhizhou , Ruan Xichao , Song Zhaohui , Tan Zhixin , Tang Shengda , Wang Lijiao , Wang Zhaohui , Wen Zhongwei , Wu Xiaoguang , Wu Xuan , Xie Likun , Yang Yiwei , Yu Yongji , Zhang Linhao , Zhang Mohan , Zhang Qiwei , Zhang Xianpeng , Zhang Yuliang , Zhang Yue , Zhang Zhiyong , Zhao Maoyuan , Zhou Luping , Zhou Zhihao , Zhu Kejun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The Back-n white neutron source at the China Spallation
Neutron Source (CSNS) provides neutrons in the continuous energy
region from 0.5 eV to 200 MeV. A spectrometer named Light
charged Particle Detector Array (LPDA) is designed for the study of
(n, lcp) reactions at Back-n. The main detector of the LPDA
spectrometer, a 16-unit ΔE-ΔE-E telescope array,
is composed of two arrays of 8-unit ΔE-ΔE-E
telescope. Each telescope unit consists of a Low-Pressure Multi-Wire
Proportional Chamber (LPMWPC), a Si-PIN detector, and a CsI(Tl)
scintillator detector. In 2021, a neutron-proton (n-p)
scattering reaction cross-section measurement experiment was
accomplished as the first experiment of the telescope array. Protons
can be clearly identified in the ΔE-E spectrum (LPMWPC +
Si-PIN) and the ΔE-E spectrum (Si-PIN + CsI(Tl)). Cross
sections of the n-p scattering reaction in the neutron energy
range of several MeV are extracted. The ΔE-E method also
provides new measurement opportunities for many-body neutron induced
light charged-particle emission reactions.
Study in the optical performance of plastic scintillator with WLS fiber
Authors: Lu Peizhi , An Fengpeng , Chen Yu , Li Min , Li Yichen , Luo Guang , Wang Wei , Wang Zhimin , Xiao Xiang , Hor Y.K. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Muon veto is an important technique of many low background
experiments. With the push in improving the sensitivity and
statistics, the size of the detector for particle experiments has
also been increasing. Therefore, there is a greater demand on the
size of the muon veto system to efficiently identify muon events
passing through the detector, minimizing the associated dead time of
the target detector, and simultaneously fitting in the space
requirements. In this paper, two designs of muon veto detectors
composed of 200 cm×20 cm×2 cm plastic
scintillator strip and a wavelength shifting(WLS) fiber coupled with
SiPM, are tested. We use cosmic muons to examine the plastic
scintillator along the length by scintillator cubes as probes and
therefore measuring photoelectron numbers as a function of
position. The design of layout-4 meets the needs of JUNO-TAO and is
a compact and cheap candidate.
On Landauer–Büttiker formalism from a quantum quench
Authors: Gamayun O , Zhuravlev Yu , Iorgov N 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We study transport in the free fermionic one-dimensional systems subjected to arbitrary local potentials. The bias needed for the transport is modeled by the initial highly non-equilibrium distribution where only half of the system is populated. Additionally to that, the local potential is also suddenly changed when the transport starts. For such a quench protocol we compute the full counting statistics (FCS) of the number of particles in the initially empty part. In the thermodynamic limit, the FCS can be expressed via the Fredholm determinant with the kernel depending on the scattering data and Jost solutions of the pre-quench and the post-quench potentials. We discuss the large-time asymptotic behavior of the obtained determinant and observe that if two or more bound states are present in the spectrum of the post-quench potential the information about the initial state manifests itself in the persistent oscillations of the FCS. On the contrary, when there are no bound states the asymptotic behavior of the FCS is determined solely by the scattering data of the post-quench potential, which for the current (the first moment) is given by the Landauer–Büttiker formalism. The information about the initial state can be observed only in the transient dynamics.
Breath analysis by ultra-sensitive broadband laser spectroscopy detects SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Liang Qizhong , Chan Ya-Chu , Toscano Jutta , Bjorkman Kristen K , Leinwand Leslie A , Parker Roy , Nozik Eva S , Nesbitt David J , Ye Jun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Rapid testing is essential to fighting pandemics such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Exhaled human breath contains multiple volatile molecules providing powerful potential for non-invasive diagnosis of diverse medical conditions. We investigated breath detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection using cavity-enhanced direct frequency comb spectroscopy (CE-DFCS), a state-of-the-art laser spectroscopic technique capable of a real-time massive collection of broadband molecular absorption features at ro-vibrational quantum state resolution and at parts-per-trillion volume detection sensitivity. Using a total of 170 individual breath samples (83 positive and 87 negative with SARS-CoV-2 based on reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction tests), we report excellent discrimination capability for SARS-CoV-2 infection with an area under the receiver-operating-characteristics curve of 0.849(4). Our results support the development of CE-DFCS as an alternative, rapid, non-invasive test for COVID-19 and highlight its remarkable potential for optical diagnoses of diverse biological conditions and disease states.
Use of Humic and Silica Materials as Soil Ameliorant to Improve the Chemical Properties of Acid Sulphate Soil
Authors: Maftu’ah Eni , Nurzakiah Siti , Sulaeman Yiyi , Lestari Yuli 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Ameliorant is needed to improve the fertility of acid-sulfate soils. Humic material and Silica (Si) are soil-ameliorants that can reduce Al and Fe toxicity. This research aimed to study the effect of humic and silica-based ameliorants in improving soil properties under reduced (flooded) and oxidizing conditions. Acid-sulfate soil with a pyrite content of 2.5% was taken from tidal land in Tamban Baru Tengah Village, Tamban Catur, Kapuas Regency, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Soil incubation research was conducted at the Balittra Laboratory from March to July 2020. the study used a factorial randomized block design. The first factor was the type of Si source material (rice husk ash and biochar), and the second was the humic source (water hyacinth compost and manufactured humic); each combination was repeated four times. Observations included soil pH, Eh, EC, available P, Fe, Al, and Sulfate. Combining humic materials from water hyacinth and Si from rice husk biochar decreased Fe concentration under reduced conditions. In oxidation conditions, it increased pH and decreased Al and Sulfate concentration. Using soil ameliorations with a combination of humic and Si effectively improves acid-sulfate soil properties.
The role of fertilizer sources and water stress on the growth and yield sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Ness.)
Authors: Pujiasmanto Bambang , Setyaningrum Desy , Triharyanto Eddy , Harsono Puji , Sulandjari  , Kurniawati Nur Layla 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Sambiloto is medicine plant that has great potential as base material of traditional medicine. The aim of the study was to examine the response of Sambiloto growth and yield to fertilizer and water stress. Factorial study with completely randomized design consisting of two treatment factors. The first factor is the kind of fertilizer, consist from without fertilizer treatment, chemical fertilizer, chicken manure, and azolla compost fertilizer. The second factor is available water. The result of research showed that fertilizer sources and water stress have effect to leaves amount, fresh weight of shoot, and dry weight of shoot, simultanously. Combination of treatments that gived the highest dry weight of shoot (simplicia) are chemical fertilizer on 100% of field capacity and azolla compost fertilizer on 100% of field capacity. The using of organic fertilizer (chicken manure and azolla compost fertilizer) can subtitute the using of chemical fertilizer. Water stress has happen to 50% of field capacity of available water and decrease result significantly to all variable except clorophyl amount and amount of pods.
Microbial community in garlic plants under different applications of organic fertilizer
Authors: Nditasari A , Agustiyani D , Noviana Z , Nugroho A A , Purwaningsih Sri , Dewi T K , Sutisna E , Antonius S 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Indonesia is one of the biggest importers of garlic based on the FAO database in 2014-2018 and has continued up until now. Sustainable efforts to supply high domestic demand must be led to change this paradigm. Bacterial community study is important to identify soil health problems and provide insight and basic information to achieve sustainable agricultural management and increase production. This study aims to investigate the bacterial community around Garlic soil, which were treated with different manures (husk and goat’s dunk). Bacterial population enumeration was conducted by specific media and Amplicon sequencing analyses by Illumina was done to analyse bacterial community on some samples. Results showed that in general, highest population of bacteria which has plant growth promoting traits was shown in rhizosphere area with added organic material and bio fertilizer. Moreover, we observed that fertilization influences the bacterial diversity and composition in the rhizosphere, as bacterial taxa such as Rhodanobacter and Chuijabacter had higher abundance in the goat manure-treated plant in comparison to the plant grown in sandy soil.
Microbial Biofilm for Soil Health, Plant Growth, and Productivity under Multi Stress. A Review
Authors: Dewi W S , Amalina D D , Romadhon M R 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The increase in temperature due to global warming leads to a rise in abiotic and biotic stresses for plants. Biofilms can aid plants in overcoming multiple environmental stresses. The purpose of this article is to examine biofilm technology, mechanisms, and efficacy in assisting plant performance under multiple stresses. The methodology used to write this literature review is based on references that can be accessed online via Science Direct, Google Scholar, scopus.com, and other sources. The results demonstrated that interaction between plants and microorganisms in the rhizospheres could aid plants in coping with environmental stress caused by the formation of a biofilm on the root surface by a consortium of microorganisms in the rhizosphere. Biofilm provides numerous benefits for plants, including improved soil health, protection from pathogens, promotion of plant growth, assistance with nutrient absorption, decreased use of inorganic fertilizer, and increased environmental tolerance. Biofilm technology is a promising soil management strategy for assisting plant adaptation to environmental stresses, enhancing plant growth and productivity, and promoting soil health.
Dolomite and organic compost application for preventing acid mine drainage formation in a mesocosm system
Authors: Munawar Ali , Putranto Agus M H , Nurcholis Mohammad 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Acid mine drainage (AMD) is one of most serious environmental problems facing mining industries. It results from oxidation of sulfide minerals contained in mining wastes, such as rock disposals in mine sites. This study was to investigate AMD formation from waste rocks containing potentially-acid forming (PAF) materials treated with dolomite and compost in a mesocosm system. The system comprised a plastic drum of 150-cm height and 50-cm diameter filled with 15-cm sand at the botom layer, over-laid by 50-cm mixture of PAF+10% of either dolomite or compost, and 35-cm top-soil layer on the top. The drum surface of the sand layer was equipped with a valve to drain leached water into a collecting container. The control was a similar constructed mesocosm without addition of either ameliorant. The drums were installed into the ground of the mined land so that their surfaces were as high as the surrounding soil surface and left under field condition. The leachate samples were taken two-weekly in the early two months and monthly until the day 487. The system demonstrated that both dolomite and compost significantly increased pH from around 3 to pH>6 and reduced dissolved Al and Fe concentrations. However, the dissolved Mn concentration was still high (>20 mg L−1) in all treatments even at the pH reached >6. .
Soil characteristics controlling nitrous oxide emissions of tropical peatlands
Authors: Saidy A R , Priatmadi B J , Septiana M 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Emission of nitrous oxide (N2O) from peatlands contributes very significantly to the world global warming, although the factors controlling N2O emissions from peatlands are not yet clear. This study aimed to determine peat characteristics controlling N2O emissions in peatlands. N2O emissions and several soil characteristics (pH, electrical conductivity, height of water table, water-filled pore space, decomposition degree of peats, bulk density, organic carbon, total nitrogen, and concentrations of ammonium and nitrate) were observed in peatlands with different crops and land-uses: lettuce, spring-onion, albizia, shrubs-peat, and burned-peats. Correlation-regression analyses were employed to quantify peat properties influencing the rates of N2O emission from peatlands. The results of the study showed that N2O emissions varied based on the type of crops/land-uses, in which peats used for crop cultivation had higher N2O emissions than others. The results of the analysis also revealed that N2O emissions of peat were controlled by variables related to water contents and the contents of NH4
+ and NO3
−. In peats with relatively similar NH4
+ and NO3
− contents, N2O emissions were determined by variables related to water contents (height of water table and volumetric water contents). The result of this study shows the need for water and peat fertility management for the mitigation of N2O emission from peatlands. Thus, managing the availability of nitrogen by using biological fertilizers to reduce the amounts of inorganic nitrogen fertilizers is required to reduce N2O emissions without decreasing crop yields in peatlands.
Substitution of NPK with Organic Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Red Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Var. Rubrum)
Authors: Supriyono  , Adjani K M , Purnomo D , Pardono  
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Red ginger with superior content of 6-shogaol, 6-gingerol, and gingerdion are commonly used as traditional medicines that are useful for the health of the body and have a high market demand. Satisfaction of market interest for red ginger should be possible utilizing ideal and reasonable development innovation. This study aims to obtain a substitution of NPK fertilizer with Dirjanik as organic fertilizer that gives better results. The study was carried out in Pelem, Wonorejo, Jatiyoso, Karanganyar, Indonesia during March to July 2021. The experiment was using a one-factor randomized complete block design (RCBD), five levels, 5 replications, namely D0 (100% NPK), D1 (75 % NPK + 25% organic fertilizer), D2 (50% NPK + 50% organic fertilizer), D3 (25% NPK + 75% organic fertilizer), and D4 (100% organic fertilizer). Data analysis used orthogonal contrast (5% F test) variance to obtain differences between organic fertilization and other fertilizers, as well as differences between substitution doses. The results showed that D2 fertilization gave higher plant growth in the form of number of leaves, number of stems per clump, and biomass. D3 fertilization gave higher yields per plot in the form of rhizome thickness, fresh weight (1.4 tons ha−1), and rhizome storage weight (1.2 tons ha−1). Fertilization 100% organic/7,419.4 kg ha−1 organic fertilizer effect on the yield of fresh weight and storage weight per clumsp higher.
Potential of Indigofera tinctoria Natural Dyes Compost on Maize Vegetative Growth
Authors: Budiastuti M T S , Purnomo D , Setyaningrum D , Pujiasmanto B , Ramadhan R N 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Expanding sustainable agriculture approaches is critical to increase crop growth and productivity. This farming system should involve organic fertilization and not neglect the recycle of organic waste. One of the organic wastes that can be used as compost is Indigofera tinctoria natural dye waste. The research objective was to examine the vegetative growth response of corn plants to Indigofera tinctoria compost. The design used was a complete randomized block design with one factor of fertilization doses with 3 six levels namely 2.91; 5.83; 8.75; 11.67; 14.58 tons/ha, and chemical fertilizers as controls. Indigofera tinctoria compost meets the standards as organic fertilizer according to the Ministry of Agriculture with characteristics of 18.2% water content, 52.48% organic C, 90.48% organic matter, 2.84% total nitrogen, 1.54% total phosphate, total potassium 2.44%, 1.30% available nitrogen, 0.92% available phosphate, 1.52% available potassium and 60 cmol/kg cation exchange capacity. The dose of compost significantly affected on plant height of 2-4 WAP, stem diameter of 2 WAP , and root biomass of 2 WAP. The compost dose of 5.83 tons/ha has increased root growth and plant height.
Miniaturized thin-film filters to connect multiple self-written waveguides
Authors: Günther A , Kushwaha K , Rüsseler A K , Carstens F , Ristau D , Kowalsky W , Roth B 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Self-written waveguides (SWWs) have been well investigated within the last decades. In most cases, they are used as low-loss coupling structures, i.e., to connect buried optical structures in photonic integrated circuits. In this work, we extend the field of possible applications for SWWs by embedding a novel thin-film filter to split the beam and connect multiple output ports simultaneously. The multilayer design of the dielectric filter can be customized to enable its application as a dichroic beamsplitter for photonic networks. The embedded thin-film filter was characterized in detail and used to connect an additional optical sensing element, which is also based on SWWs, to demonstrate its usability for measurement of physical quantities.
Social Work Curriculum: Preparation for Sexuality and Sexual Well-being Practice
Authors: Turner George , North Robyn , Drake Gabrielle 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSocial work—an anti-oppressive, practice-based profession focused on social justice—supports people’s access to and ability to create healthy lives. Therefore, social workers should not only understand and value a service user’s sexuality, but also be able to competently navigate this area of practice. This mixed method study explored the role of social work education in preparing social workers for practice in sexual health settings. Forty-one Australian social workers and allied health professionals participated in a survey, seven of whom participated in subsequent focus groups. A descriptive analysis of surveys was conducted, and inductive analysis of the focus groups resulted in five overarching themes. Theme 1: ‘Educational Journey’ focused on the absence of content in Social Work curricula, contrasting with rich learning from peers and community members. Theme 2: ‘Disease, Disaster and Dysfunction’ highlighted that sexuality content was often framed through a deficit lens in their social work programmes. Theme 3: ‘Placement/Practice Learning’ highlighted the importance of social work field education programmes. Theme 4: ‘Being “Askable”’ was seen as essential. Theme 5: ‘Barriers’ resulted in four sub-themes: (i) Curriculum, (ii) Medicalisation, (iii) Baggage and (iv) Positioning. An overall recommendation is that the social work curricula must prepare social work students to utilise a sexual well-being-informed practice lens and more specifically to be askable. Further, implications for social work education and research are discussed.