bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Subordination of Shareholder and Intragroup Loans in Italy. Shifting Perspective in the Wake of the Covid-19 Emergency Legislation
Authors: Borselli Angelo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

749
Amidst the COVID-19 outbreak, Italy as well as a number of other European states, including Austria, Germany and Spain, enacted emergency legislation suspending subordination of shareholders and intragroup loans in order to help companies stay afloat. While this measure was clearly prompted by extraordinary circumstances, it should be noted, however, that unlike jurisdictions which adopt automatic subordination, such as Germany and Spain, or where subordination is also based on quantitative criteria, such as Austria, subordination in Italy is based on flexible standards that may not strictly call for an emergency suspension. The COVID-19-related suspension of subordination provides the momentum for reassessing the scope of application of the subordination of shareholder and intragroup loans under Italian law. Although substantially unexplored in the international legal literature, subordination was introduced in Italy in 2003 and has now been applied for nearly twenty years. The system is quite sophisticated and also recognizes a variety of restructuring exemptions allowing priority to the loans. This paper examines subordination of shareholder and intragroup loans under Italian law, seeking to establish a workable construction of the standards of the excessive imbalance between debt and equity and of the reasonableness of a capital contribution on which the application of the remedy is predicated. Building also on relevant economic studies, the paper argues that the Italian subordination system has the potential to distinguish between desirable and undesirable shareholder and intragroup loans based on whether the loan is intended to finance positive net present value projects, restricting the latter while not deterring the former, so as to guarantee the goal of increasing the expected total value of the company and producing better satisfaction of creditors’ claims.
750
Development and application of an evidence-based directed acyclic graph to evaluate the associations between metal mixtures and cardiometabolic outcomes
Authors: Riseberg Emily , Melamed Rachel D. , James Katherine A. , Alderete Tanya L. , Corlin Laura 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Specifying causal models to assess relationships among metal mixtures and cardiometabolic outcomes requires evidence-based models of the causal structures; however, such models have not been previously published. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a directed acyclic graph (DAG) diagraming metal mixture exposure and cardiometabolic outcomes.

Methods
We conducted a literature search to develop the DAG of metal mixtures and cardiometabolic outcomes. To evaluate consistency of the DAG, we tested the suggested conditional independence statements using linear and logistic regression analyses with data from the San Luis Valley Diabetes Study (SLVDS; n=1795). We calculated the proportion of statements supported by the data and compared this to the proportion of conditional independence statements supported by 1,000 DAGs with the same structure but randomly permuted nodes. Next, we used our DAG to identify minimally sufficient adjustment sets needed to estimate the association between metal mixtures and cardiometabolic outcomes (i.e., cardiovascular disease, fasting glucose, and systolic blood pressure). We applied them to the SLVDS using Bayesian kernel machine regression, linear mixed effects, and Cox proportional hazards models.

Results
From the 42 articles included in the review, we developed an evidence-based DAG with 74 testable conditional independence statements (43 % supported by SLVDS data). We observed evidence for an association between As and Mn and fasting glucose.

Conclusions
We developed, tested, and applied an evidence-based approach to analyze associations between metal mixtures and cardiometabolic health.
More on chiral polytopes of type \{4, 4, …, 4\} with~solvable automorphism groups
Authors: Zhang Wei-Juan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In a 2021 paper, Conder et al. constructed two infinite families of chiral 4-polytopes of type

{
4
,
4
,
4
}

\{4,4,4\}

with solvable automorphism groups.
Here we present a general construction for chiral polytopes of type

{
4
,
4
,
…
,
4
}

\{4,4,\dots,4\}

with rank 4, 5 and 6, which are obtained as Boolean covers of the unique tight regular polytope of the same type.
Successful treatment of hypercalcemia in a Chinese patient with a novel homozygous mutation in the CYP24A1 gene using zoledronic acid: a case report
Authors: Zheng Zhichao , Wu Yujie , Wu Huiping , Jin Jiahui , Luo Yue , Cao Shunshun , Shan Xiaoou 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To emphasize the significance of genetic mutations in idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia and the potential therapeutic effectiveness of zoledronic acid in managing hypercalcemia attributed to gene mutations.

Case presentation
A 1-year-old female infant was referred to our hospital. The patient developed hypercalcemia despite no vitamin D prophylaxis or intake. In the acute phase, conventional calcium-lowering treatments showed limited efficacy, while the administration of zoledronic acid demonstrated effectiveness in controlling hypercalcemia. Subsequently the patient maintained normal calcium levels via a low-calcium diet and avoiding vitamin D intake. Genetic testing confirmed a homozygous mutation (c.476G>C) in the CYP24A1 gene.

Conclusions
Family screening and genetic counseling are crucial for early detection and prevention of hypercalcemia. This case emphasizes the importance of genetic mutations in disease development and the potential therapeutic efficacy of zoledronic acid in managing hypercalcemia attributed to gene mutations.
A Bayesian analysis of the time through the order penalty in baseball
Authors: Brill Ryan S. , Deshpande Sameer K. , Wyner Abraham J. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
As a baseball game progresses, batters appear to perform better the more times they face a particular pitcher. The apparent drop-off in pitcher performance from one time through the order to the next, known as the Time Through the Order Penalty (TTOP), is often attributed to within-game batter learning. Although the TTOP has largely been accepted within baseball and influences many managers’ in-game decision making, we argue that existing approaches of estimating the size of the TTOP cannot disentangle continuous evolution in pitcher performance over the course of the game from discontinuities between successive times through the order. Using a Bayesian multinomial regression model, we find that, after adjusting for confounders like batter and pitcher quality, handedness, and home field advantage, there is little evidence of strong discontinuity in pitcher performance between times through the order. Our analysis suggests that the start of the third time through the order should not be viewed as a special cutoff point in deciding whether to pull a starting pitcher.
XRD analysis determined crystal cage occupying number n of carbon anion substituted mayenite-type cage compound C12A7: nC
Authors: Ji Cong , Gu Fan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this study, a series of samples of C12A7 derivative was prepared by high temperature sintering in a sealed graphite crucible. The theoretical model of C12A7 derivatives with different carbon occupation numbers was established. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) theoretical calculation was carried out. The conjecture was verified to a certain extent through the comparison of the theoretical calculation of XRD with the experimental results. According to the calculation results, it was found that the XRD patterns of C12A7 and its derivatives changed regularly with the change in the occupation number in the crystal cage. Under the condition that the types of vacancy atoms remained unchanged, the more vacancy atoms occupied in C12A7 crystal, the higher the peak at 2θ = 33.35° in the diffraction pattern. It was also found that the higher the atomic number of vacancy atoms in C12A7 crystal, the higher the peak at 2θ = 33.35° in the diffraction pattern. The carbon occupation number of samples at different experimental temperatures was deduced. The results showed that the carbon occupancy of the samples prepared at 990, 1,353 and 1,680°C were 11, 4 and 8, respectively.
Experimental analysis of performance and tip dynamic pressure in a compressor cascade with high-speed moving endwall
Authors: Xia Kailong , Deng Hefang , Lu Shaopeng , Teng Jinfang , Qiang Xiaoqing , Zhu Mingmin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study measured the aerodynamic performance and dynamic pressure signals of a compressor cascade platform with high-speed rotating endwall. Instead of translational movement, the endwall features an innovative large rotating disk. Measurements were conducted on a controlled diffusion airfoil (CDA) under different conditions: tip clearances (3 mm and 2.5 mm), inlet incidences (+6° and −6°), and stationary or high-speed rotating states at 0.5 Ma inflow. The results reveal that endwall movement amplifies circumferential leakage losses, increases kinetic energy, deviates the leakage flow path, and reduces total pressure loss in the leakage core region. Dynamic pressure results reveal greater unsteadiness in the tip region under positive incidence conditions and with larger clearances. Characteristic frequency ranges (8000 Hz for system vibration and 150∼200 Hz for leakage flow development) are identified. Further experimental measurements and high-precision simulations are needed the determine the matching relationship between complex flow behaviour in the blade tip region and characteristic frequency.
Der numerus clausus im Gesellschaftsrecht: Rechtsdogmatik – Rechtsvergleichung – Rechtsökonomie – Rechtspolitik
Authors: Fleischer Holger 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

261
Der numerus clausus der Rechtsformen bildet ein strukturprägendes Ordnungsprinzip unseres Gesellschaftsrechts. Seine Grundlagen bleiben allerdings blass. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeichnet sie nach und beleuchtet erstmals auch ihre rechtsvergleichende und rechtsökonomische Dimension. Außerdem würdigt er die Veränderungen des vorgegebenen Rechtsformenkanons im Zeitablauf. In dieser Gesamtschau gewinnt der gesellschaftsrechtliche numerus clausus an Farbe und Tiefenschärfe.
Crown ether complexes as a possible template for hybrid organic–inorganic borates
Authors: Yukhno Valentina A. , Charkin Dmitri O. , Banaru Alexander M. , Manelis Lev S. , Gosteva Alevtina N. , Volkov Sergey N. , Aksenov Sergey M. , Bubnova Rimma S. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Crystals of the first new organo–inorganic hybrid borate based on potassium crown ether complex, [K(C12H24O6)B5O6(OH)4](H2O) (1), have been produced from aqueous solutions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. 1 crystalizes is orthorhombic system, Pnma, a = 10.1684(3) Å, b = 11.6289(3) Å, c = 21.2247(6) Å, V = 2509.76(12) Å3, R
obs = 0.059. The structure of 1 consists of molecular [K(C12H24O6)B5O6(OH)4]0 complexes, common for crown ether complexes but yet not among borates, with a very rare monodentate coordination of the common pentaborate anion(1-). The molecular complexes are linked into weak chains via hydrogen bonding to outer-sphere water molecules. Hirshfeld surfaces analysis and complexity measurement of 1 were performed. Perspectives of borate structures containing crown ether complexes as templates are briefly outlined.
Does Fiscal Policy Matter? A Study on Economic Crises in Indonesia
Authors: Prasasti Sri Rejeki , Ekananda Mahjus 
Published: June 2023

Fiscal policy is one of the instruments used by the government in dealing with economic crises. The recent COVID-19 pandemic crisis has different characteristics from the previous ones in Indonesia. Hence, the fiscal policy needed is also different. Therefore, this study aims to know the role of fiscal policy shocks in affecting some macroeconomic indicators, including GDP, inflation, and interest rate, in Indonesia and investigate its differences within two periods: Period I (1993Q1-2018Q4), which includes the Asian Financial Crisis and the Global Financial Crisis, and Period II (2019M1-2021M12), which include the COVID-19 Pandemic crisis. This study employs the Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR) model, using institutional information of the government budget system as restrictions. This study concludes that: 1) shocks in fiscal policies significantly affect GDP in both periods; 2) the dynamic movement of GDP is more influenced by government spending than government revenue; 3) fiscal policy, especially revenue, has greater influences on inflation during the COVID-19 Pandemic; 4) fiscal policy has a minor role in affecting the interest rate.
Danone-Aqua Circular Economy Performance in Maximizing Waste Plastic Value
Authors: Cahayani Ica , Fachurreza Ahmad Muajaddid , Puspita Agata Nina 
Published: June 2023

This study discusses the economic performance of the Danone-AQUA circular in maximizing the value of plastic waste in terms of proper plastic waste sorting management or circular packaging, water and carbon circular and business circular. Economy Circular was proposed because of its increasing popularity in the midst of the world's problem with global carbon reduction. The selection of Danone-AQUA Economy Circular is the right way to find out how significant the efforts of non-government organizations are in creating a sustainable economy and environment. This study analyses the performance of Danone-AQUA's circular economy through six circular economy dimensions in managing and maximizing the value of plastic waste in a positive way to reduce the impact of plastic waste workers in Indonesia. This study uses a systematic literature review and adopts a research design to extract research data. The data comes from interviews with Packaging Circularity Senior Manager at Danone, Indonesia. The economic circular performance of Danone-AQUA in maximizing the value of plastic waste contributes to the reduction of plastic bottle packaging waste. The study proves that the impact of circular economy performance in maximizing the value of plastic waste is positive because it increases the function of plastic bottle packaging waste and has value again and reduces the negative impact of plastic waste on the environment. In achieving the performance of maximizing the value of plastic waste, Danone-AQUA applies six circular economy dimensions which are concentrated on three policies, namely packaging circular, water and carbon circular and business circular.
Development of Rice Straw, Maize, and Giant Mimosa for Growing Mushrooms Instead of Sawdust
Authors: On Karupakorn Laeid- , Sangsila Arunrassamee 
Published: June 2023

The research aimed to investigate mushroom cultivation materials made from rice straw, maize, and giant mimosa to replace sawdust. It was discovered that the capacity of fibers to grow has been more valuable. The method that combines a 1:1:1 ratio of the sawdust, rice straw, and giant mimosa will produce the highest mycelium. The 100% maize seed material will have relatively low fiber mycelium. However, there was a statistically significant in mushroom growth at the 95% reliability level. It was found that the process consisting of 100% rice straw cultivation material had the highest number of blossoms on average 13.66 blossoms, while the method with the lowest average number of blossoms per bag was the sawdust combined with giant mimosa which had 7.33 blossoms on average. The blooms ranged in width from 6.83 - 7.53 cm, while the mushroom's peduncle length ranged from 5.83 - 6.84 cm. When the biological efficiency (B.E.) was calculated, it was found that the sawdust: rice straw: maize: giant mimosa ratio of 1:2:1:1 yielded the highest value of 68.48 %, followed by the Para rubber sawdust: rice straw: maize: giant mimosa. The ratio of 2:1:1:1 was 68.22%, and the seed material was 100% sawdust. The biological efficiency of the ecosystem was 66.39%.
The Analysis of Performance Accountability System for Government Agency: A Punishment Theory Perspective
Authors: Priyambodo Jati Bambang , Wijaya Andy Fefta , . Wike , . Sujarwoto , Riyadi Bambang Slamet 
Published: June 2023

This research aims to understand The Performance Accountability System For Government Agency that are very significant due at the ontological level and sociological level. The problem is very interesting to be analyzed by conducting a qualitative research method based. Data were collected through in-depth interview, observation, and documentation related with cases in Indonesia. Data were analyzed by using interactive models are data reduction, data display, data verification, and supported by triangulation. The results were based on ontological level and sociological level using punishment theory perspective for improving implementation of The Performance Accountability System For Government Agency policy and practice. Vision and mission of public policy on managing performance accountability system for government institution are needed for providing information to stakeholders related regarding the regulations and sanctions. This result provides inputs for making better regulation on performance accountability system for government institution policy in Indonesia for state agencies as public officials and practitioners.
The Customary Beliefs and Practices of the Gaddangs: Basis for the Contextualization and Indigenization of a Course Syllabus
Authors: Galdonez Don C. , Reyes Agnes S. 
Published: June 2023

The study aimed to document and describes the customary beliefs and practices of the Gaddangs of Cauayan City, Isabela on social gatherings and life ceremonies. Ethnographic research method was utilized in data gathering with the assistance of the NCIP in the conduct of conference, disclosure, and output validation. The study found out that Gaddang cultural beliefs and practices are regularly observed during baptism, birthdays, fiestas, weddings, healing, death, burial and during social gatherings. Interestingly, cultural deterioration and modification were accepted due to acculturation, modernization, and even religious teachings. However, contextualizing the curriculum is recommended as an avenue for the new generation of Gaddang to be aware that they are the inheritors of a rich cultural heritage. Hence, Gaddang culture observance is more meaningful.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Thermal Conductivity and Vibrational Density of States of Cadmium Telluride
Authors: Lazarte JMT , Liston GC 
Published: June 2023

This study aims to calculate the thermal conductivity and vibrational density of states of CdTe using MD simulation. The lengths of CdTe varied from 10 nm, 20 nm, 30 nm, 40 nm, and 50 nm, with fixed width and height of 10 nm at room temperature (300 K). The results show the decrease of thermal conductivity as a function of length due to phonon-phonon interaction. The width varied from 10 nm, 20 nm, 30 nm, 40 nm, and 50 nm at room temperature (300 K) with a fixed length and height of 10 nm. Similarly, the height varied from 10 nm, 20 nm, 30 nm, 40 nm, and 50 nm with fixed length and width at room temperature (300 K). It was found that the phonon spread less in the boundaries of the mean free path which follows the creation processes resulting to the decrease of thermal conductivity. The temperatures varied from 50 K, 75 K, 100 K, 300 K, 500 K, 700 K, 900 K, 1,000 K, and 1,365 K with fixed dimensions of 50 nm in length, 50 nm in width, and 50 nm in height. As observed, the thermal conductivity decreases with a further increase in temperature. There were four major peaks found in the vibrational density of states of cadmium telluride: ~1.3 THz and ~3.5 THz which corresponds to transverse and longitudinal acoustic modes, ~4.5 THz and ~5 THz which corresponds to transverse and longitudinal optical modes.
Enhancing Competence in Preventing Childhood Diseases for Preschool Teachers in Vietnam
Authors: Khanh Mai Quoc , Tinh Hoang Quy , Tinh Tran Trung , Kien Phan Trung , Thach Ly Van , Thanh Lam Thi 
Published: June 2023

This study aims to evaluate the current competence of preschool teachers in preventing childhood diseases in Vietnam and provide recommendations for their development in effectively addressing these issues. The research employed consulting methods, including telephone and email consultations, as well as a Google Form questionnaire. The questionnaire utilized a 5-level rating scale (Good, Fair, Average, Weak, Poor). The study involved 25 administrators (Education and Training officers, Kindergarten Principals, and Vice Principals) and 118 preschool teachers from Lao Cai city, Lao Cai province. The research was conducted from April 2021 to November 2021.
Results of the study revealed several limitations in the current ability of preschool teachers to prevent childhood diseases in the study area. These limitations included inadequate competence among certain members of the Board of Education and management staff, particularly the principals. Furthermore, there was incomplete awareness among some management staff and teachers regarding the significance of fostering skills in preventing contagious diseases among Kindergarten teachers. The training activities related to preventing contagious diseases in children for Kindergarten teachers in Lao Cai city and province were also found to be inadequate. The schools predominantly followed an experiential approach rather than a systematic one. Based on the research findings, the study team proposes recommendations for enhancing the competence of preschool teachers in preventing childhood diseases.
A Path Model of the Research Productivity and Instructional Performance of Secondary School Master Teachers in Caraga Region, Philippines
Authors: Herrera Fernando T , Velasco Alma R 
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to describe the implementation of Basic Education Research Fund (BERF), psychosocial variables to research, research productivity, and instructional performance of the master teachers in the Cabadbaran, Butuan, and Surigao city divisions. This research used a descriptive correlational integrating a Structural Equation Model (SEM) technique to understand the interrelationship among the variables. The respondents of the study were the master teachers from Cabadbaran City, Surigao City, and Butuan City Division. Based on the objectives of the study, results of the study revealed that: (i) Master teacher-respondents in the three divisions have good behavior toward research but research support and self-efficacy are areas that need further improvements; (ii) The implementation of BERF in terms of research outputs is better among the master-teacher respondents of Cabadbaran than in Butuan and Surigao City considering the number of respondents in each division; (iii) Master teacher-respondents performed their instructional functions beyond expectations; (iv) Research publications and productions are areas in that master teacher- respondents need reinforcements; (v) Research impact in terms of citation from Google Scholar needs further improvements among the master teacher-respondents, and (vi) The data support a best-fit model based on the fit indices that are within the acceptable range. Psychosocial and BERF implementation are the prime factors that positively increase research productivity.