bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum provides insights into the diversity and function of microeukaryotic DNA methyltransferases
Authors: Hoguin Antoine , Yang Feng , Groisillier Agnès , Bowler Chris , Genovesio Auguste , Ait-Mohamed Ouardia , Vieira Fabio Rocha Jimenez , Tirichine Leila 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCytosine methylation is an important epigenetic mark involved in the transcriptional control of transposable elements in mammals, plants and fungi. The Stramenopiles-Alveolate-Rhizaria (SAR) lineages are a major group of ecologically important marine microeukaryotes, including the phytoplankton groups diatoms and dinoflagellates. However, little is known about their DNA methyltransferase diversity. Here, we performed an in-silico analysis of DNA methyltransferases found in marine microeukaryotes and showed that they encode divergent DNMT3, DNMT4, DNMT5 and DNMT6 enzymes. Furthermore, we found three classes of enzymes within the DNMT5 family. Using a CRISPR/Cas9 strategy we demonstrated that the loss of the DNMT5a gene correlates with a global depletion of DNA methylation and overexpression of young transposable elements in the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. The study provides a view of the structure and function of a DNMT family in the SAR supergroup using an attractive model species.
Two-step conversion of uridine and cytidine to variously C5-C functionalized analogs
Authors: Podskoczyj Karolina , Klos Anna , Drewniak Szymon , Leszczynska Grazyna 
Published: March 2023

5-CF3-pyrimidine ribonucleosides offer rapid, efficient and scalable C5 heteronucleobase functionality with carboxyl, nitrile, ester, amide and amidine groups.
Developmental Cut-Points for Atypical Speech Intelligibility in Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Hustad Katherine C. , Mahr Tristan J. , Soriano Jennifer U. , Rathouz Paul J. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose:
Early identification of speech motor involvement (SMI) in children with cerebral palsy (CP) is difficult because of overlapping features with many aspects of typical speech development. Quantitative measures of speech intelligibility have the potential to differentiate between children with SMI and those with no SMI (NSMI). We examined thresholds for speech intelligibility development in children with CP relative to the low end of age-specific typical developmental expectations. We sought to determine whether there were intelligibility differences between children with CP and NSMI versus typically developing (TD) age-mates across the range of development and whether there were differences between children with CP who have NSMI and those with CP who have SMI across the range of development based on speech intelligibility.

Method:
We used two large existing data sets that included speech samples from children between the ages of 2.5 and 8 years. One data set included 511 longitudinal speech samples from children with CP; the other included 505 cross-sectional speech samples from TD children. We examined receiver operating characteristic curves and sensitivity/specificity results by age for differentiating among groups of children.

Results:
TD children versus those with CP and NSMI showed differentiation in their speech intelligibility across all ages, but the strength of differentiation was only marginally above chance. Children with CP and NSMI showed clear differentiation in their speech intelligibility from those with CP and SMI beginning at the earliest age point. Children with CP who have intelligibility below 40% at the age of 3 years have a very high probability of having SMI.

Conclusions:
Early intelligibility screening should be performed in children diagnosed with CP. Those with intelligibility below 40% at 3 years of age should be referred immediately for speech assessment and treatment.
Depth hole filling and optimizing method based on binocular parallax image
Authors: Han Xiaoxiang , Chen Qingmiao , Ma Qinyong , Yang Xiaoliang , Men Hongyue , Su Yue , Tian Xiaozhuang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEnvironment perception is one of the most vital function for autonomous robots while performing complex tasks in dynamic environment. In binocular stereo vision algorithm, the calculation of disparity image depends on matching algorithm, and the unmatched points form depth holes in the image. When encountering obstacles with less texture, such as blank walls, large area deep holes will often appear. Although the existing filtering algorithm can solve the problem of small area deep hole, it cannot be applied to large area deep hole. To solve this problem, a depth hole optimization algorithm is proposed, which detects large area depth holes from the image globally, fills the depth holes according to the disparity value distribution, and optimizes the weighted least squares filtering effect. The experimental results show that the average time of the algorithm is only 15 ms.
A novel TomoSAR imaging method with few observations based on nested array
Authors: Jiang Pengyu , Zhang Zhe , Zhang Bingchen , Xu Zhongqiu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSynthetic aperture radar tomography (TomoSAR) baseline optimization method is capable of reducing system complexity and improving the temporal coherence of data, which has become important research in the field of TomoSAR. A nested TomoSAR technique is proposed, which introduces the nested array into TomoSAR as the baseline configuration. This technique obtains uniform and continuous difference co‐array through the nested array to increase the degrees of freedom of the system and expands the virtual aperture along the elevation direction. In order to make full use of the difference co‐array, covariance matrix of the echo needs to be obtained. Therefore, a TomoSAR sparse reconstruction algorithm based on the nested array is proposed, which uses adaptive covariance matrix estimation to improve the estimation performance in complex scenes. The effectiveness of the proposed method through simulated and real data experiments is demonstrated. Compared with traditional TomoSAR and coprime TomoSAR, the imaging results of this proposed method have better anti‐noise performance and retain more image information.
New insights into the rotational evolution of near-solar age stars from the open cluster M 67
Authors: Gruner D. , Barnes S. A. , Weingrill J. 
Published: March 2023

Context.Gyrochronology allows the derivation of ages for cool main sequence stars from their observed rotation periods and masses, or a suitable proxy of the latter. It is increasingly well explored for FGK stars, but requires further measurements for older ages and K–M-type stars.Aims.Recent work has shown that the behavior of stellar spindown differs significantly from prior expectations for late-type stars. We study the 4 Gyr-old benchmark open cluster M 67 to explore this behavior further.Methods.We combined aGaiaDR3 sample with theKeplerK2 superstamp of Campaign 5 around M 67 and created new light curves from aperture photometry. The light curves are subjected to an extensive correction process to remove instrumental systematics and trending, followed by period analysis to measure stellar rotation.Results.We identify periodic signals in 136 light curves, 47 of which are from the rotation of effectively single main-sequence stars that span from early-G to mid-M type. These results connect well to prior work on M 67 and extend it to much later spectral types.Conclusions.We find that the rotation periods of single stars of age 4 Gyr define a tight relationship with color, ranging from spectral types F through M. The corresponding surface of rotation period against age and mass is therefore well-defined to an older age than was previously known. However, the deviations from prior expectations of the stellar spindown behavior are even more pronounced at 4 Gyr. The binary cluster members do not follow the single star relationship. The majority are widely scattered below the single star sequence. Consequently, they do not seem to be suitable for gyrochronology at present.
Gestational and Non-gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia. Guideline of the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG (S2k-Level, AWMF Registry No. 032/049, April 2022)
Authors: Tempfer Clemens , Horn Lars-Christian , Ackermann Sven , Dittrich Ralf , Einenkel Jens , Günthert Andreas , Haase Heidemarie , Kratzsch Jürgen , Kreißl Michael , Polterauer Stephan , Ebert Andreas , Steiner Eric , Thiel Falk , Eichbaum Michael , Fehm Tanja , Koch Martin C. , Gass Paul 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose The aim was to develop and update a guideline which would improve the quality of care offered to women with gestational and non-gestational trophoblastic disease, a group of
diseases characterized by their rarity and biological heterogeneity.
Methods In accordance with the method used to compile S2k-guidelines, the guideline authors carried out a search of the literature (MEDLINE) for the period 1/2020 to 12/2021 and
evaluated the recent literature. No key questions were formulated. No structured literature search with methodical evaluation and assessment of the level of evidence was carried out. The
text of the precursor version of the guideline from 2019 was updated based on the most recent literature, and new statements and recommendations were drafted.
Recommendations The updated guideline contains recommendations for the diagnosis and therapy of women with hydatidiform mole (partial and complete moles), gestational trophoblastic
neoplasia after pregnancy or without prior pregnancy, persistent trophoblastic disease after molar pregnancy, invasive moles, choriocarcinoma, placental site nodules, placental site
trophoblastic tumor, hyperplasia at the implantation site und epithelioid trophoblastic tumor. Separate chapters cover the determination and assessment of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG),
histopathological evaluation of specimens, and the appropriate molecular pathological and immunohistochemical diagnostic procedures. Separate chapters on immunotherapy, surgical therapy,
multiple pregnancies with simultaneous trophoblastic disease, and pregnancy after trophoblastic disease were formulated, and the corresponding recommendations agreed upon.
Free-running 4H-SiC single-photon detector with ultralow afterpulse probability at 266 nm
Authors: Yu Chao , Li Tianyi , Zhao Xian-Song , Lu Hai , Zhang Rong , Xu Feihu , Zhang Jun , Pan Jian-Wei 
Published: March 2023

Ultraviolet single-photon detector (UVSPD) provides a key tool for applications requiring ultraweak light detection in the wavelength band. Here, we report a 4H-SiC single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) based free-running UVSPD with ultralow afterpulse probability. We design and fabricate the 4H-SiC SPAD with a beveled mesa structure, which exhibits the characteristic of ultralow dark current. We further develop a readout circuit of passive quenching and active reset with a tunable hold-off time setting to considerably suppress the afterpulsing effect. The nonuniformity of photon detection efficiency (PDE) across the SPAD active area with a diameter of ∼180 μm is investigated for performance optimization. The compact UVSPD is then characterized, exhibiting a typical performance of 10.3% PDE, 133 kcps dark count rate, and 0.3% afterpulse probability at 266 nm. Such performance indicates that the compact UVSPD could be used for practical ultraviolet photon-counting applications.
Effects of probiotic supplementation on broiler growth performance: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Uzabaci Ender , Yibar Artun 
Published: March 2023

Context The effects of probiotics on broilers’ growth and productivity performance have been reported in many scientific studies, and different results have been found. Aim This study aimed to assess the effects of probiotics on broiler growth performance via meta-analysis. Methods In this study, the PubMed database was searched with the keywords ‘broiler’ and ‘probiotic’ and it was determined that 60 of 605 studies were suitable. Average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were used as performance parameters. Publication bias was evaluated with Egger’s and Begg’s tests. The trim and fill method was applied when even one of these tests was significant. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using the Cochran Q test. The random-effect model was used to estimate effect sizes if heterogeneity was statistically significant; otherwise, the fixed-effect model was used. In addition to evaluating all studies, subgroup analyses were performed depending on study duration, probiotic strain, and the probiotic content. Key results According to the meta-analysis results, there was a significant difference between the probiotic and control groups in studies lasting 35 days in terms of average daily gain (P = 0.005) and feed conversion ratio (P = 0.002). But only the average daily gain (P < 0.001) value was different between the groups in studies lasting 42 days. According to the probiotic strain, significant differences were found between the probiotic and control groups in terms of both growth parameters examined in studies using mono-strain and multi-strain probiotics. A significant difference was found between the probiotic and control groups in average daily gain values in studies where probiotics containing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and clostridia were used. Conclusion In conclusion, this study is a current research that examined the effects of probiotic use in broilers in detail according to more than one factor. Implication In this study, articles in the PubMed database were examined. The sample size of the study can be increased by scanning other databases with the same keywords.
A cause for hope: largely intact coral-reef communities with high reef-fish biomass in a remote Indonesian island group
Authors: Limmon Gino V. , Masdar Halwi , Muenzel Dominic , Shalders Tanika C. , Djakiman Cilun , Beger Maria , Jompa Jamaludin , De Brauwer Maarten 
Published: March 2023

Context The health of coral reefs is declining rapidly across the world because of anthropogenic impacts. In the mega-diverse Coral Triangle, the consequences of chronic overfishing and human use are worst near coastal population centres. Aims The remote islands and reefs in the centre of the Banda Sea (Indonesia) remain largely unstudied, but their distance from populated areas could provide protection from fishing. Methods We conducted the first visual census surveys of coral-reef communities at the uninhabited Lucipara group in the Banda Sea. Key results Sites showed medium to high coral cover and fish assemblages with high biomass, including abundant large predatory species. All sites exceeded the fish biomass conservation target of 1150 kg ha−1 proposed by McClanahan et al. (2015), by a factor of ~2–10. Benthic cover explained >50% of variance in fish abundance and diversity, with submassive corals, Dendrophyllia spp., and bare rock as key predictors. Conclusions Our results suggested that Lucipara’s reefs are among the healthiest in Indonesia, likely owing to their remoteness. However, this remoteness might also hamper policing against destructive fishing practices, highlighting a conservation gap. Implications Lucipara’s reef communities should be protected in a time of global coral-reef declines.
Dysregulation of PD-L1 by UFMylation imparts tumor immune evasion and identified as a potential therapeutic target
Authors: Zhou Junzhi , Ma Xiaohe , He Xingrui , Chen Beiying , Yuan Jiao , Jin Zhemin , Li Lijing , Wang Zhiguo , Xiao Qian , Cai Yafei , Zou Yongkang , Cong Yu-Sheng 
Published: March 2023

Immunotherapy of PD-L1/PD-1 blockage elicited impressive clinical benefits for cancer treatment. However, the relative low response and therapy resistance highlight the need to better understand the molecular regulation of PD-L1 in tumors. Here, we report that PD-L1 is a target of UFMylation. UFMylation of PD-L1 destabilizes PD-L1 by synergizing its ubiquitination. Inhibition of PD-L1 UFMylation via silencing of UFL1 or Ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (UFM1), or the defective UFMylation of PD-L1, stabilizes the PD-L1 in multiple human and murine cancer cells, and undermines antitumor immunity in vitro and mice, respectively. Clinically, UFL1 expression was decreased in multiple cancers and lower expression of UFL1 negatively correlated with the response of anti-PD1 therapy in melanoma patients. Moreover, we identified a covalent inhibitor of UFSP2 that promoted the UFMylation activity and contributed to the combination therapy with PD-1 blockade. Our findings identified a previously unrecognized regulator of PD-L1 and highlighted UFMylation as a potential therapeutic target.
Divalent siRNAs are bioavailable in the lung and efficiently block SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Hariharan Vignesh N. , Shin Minwook , Chang Ching-Wen , O’Reilly Daniel , Biscans Annabelle , Yamada Ken , Guo Zhiru , Somasundaran Mohan , Tang Qi , Monopoli Kathryn , Krishnamurthy Pranathi Meda , Devi Gitali , McHugh Nicholas , Cooper David A. , Echeverria Dimas , Cruz John , Chan Io Long , Liu Ping , Lim Sun-Young , McConnell Jill , Singh Satya Prakash , Hildebrand Samuel , Sousa Jacquelyn , Davis Sarah M. , Kennedy Zachary , Ferguson Chantal , Godinho Bruno M. D. C. , Thillier Yann , Caiazzi Jillian , Ly Socheata , Muhuri Manish , Kelly Karen , Humphries Fiachra , Cousineau Alyssa , Parsi Krishna Mohan , Li Qi , Wang Yang , Maehr René , Gao Guangping , Korkin Dmitry , McDougall William M. , Finberg Robert W. , Fitzgerald Katherine A. , Wang Jennifer P. , Watts Jonathan K. , Khvorova Anastasia 
Published: March 2023

The continuous evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants complicates efforts to combat the ongoing pandemic, underscoring the need for a dynamic platform for the rapid development of pan-viral variant therapeutics. Oligonucleotide therapeutics are enhancing the treatment of numerous diseases with unprecedented potency, duration of effect, and safety. Through the systematic screening of hundreds of oligonucleotide sequences, we identified fully chemically stabilized siRNAs and ASOs that target regions of the SARS-CoV-2 genome conserved in all variants of concern, including delta and omicron. We successively evaluated candidates in cellular reporter assays, followed by viral inhibition in cell culture, with eventual testing of leads for in vivo antiviral activity in the lung. Previous attempts to deliver therapeutic oligonucleotides to the lung have met with only modest success. Here, we report the development of a platform for identifying and generating potent, chemically modified multimeric siRNAs bioavailable in the lung after local intranasal and intratracheal delivery. The optimized divalent siRNAs showed robust antiviral activity in human cells and mouse models of SARS-CoV-2 infection and represent a new paradigm for antiviral therapeutic development for current and future pandemics.
Affinity selection of double-click triazole libraries for rapid discovery of allosteric modulators for GLP-1 receptor
Authors: Xin Ye , Liu Shuo , Liu Yan , Qian Zhen , Liu Hongyue , Zhang Bingjie , Guo Taijie , Thompson Garth J. , Stevens Raymond C. , Sharpless K. Barry , Dong Jiajia , Shui Wenqing 
Published: March 2023

The recently developed double-click reaction sequence [G. Meng
et al.
,
Nature
574
, 86–89 (2019)] is expected to vastly expand the number and diversity of synthetically accessible 1,2,3-triazole derivatives. However, it remains elusive how to rapidly navigate the extensive chemical space created by double-click chemistry for bioactive compound discovery. In this study, we selected a particularly challenging drug target, the glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), to benchmark our new platform for the design, synthesis, and screening of double-click triazole libraries. First, we achieved a streamlined synthesis of customized triazole libraries on an unprecedented scale (composed of 38,400 new compounds). By interfacing affinity-selection mass spectrometry and functional assays, we identified a series of positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) with unreported scaffolds that can selectively and robustly enhance the signaling activity of the endogenous GLP-1(9-36) peptide. Intriguingly, we further revealed an unexpected binding mode of new PAMs which likely act as a molecular glue between the receptor and the peptide agonist. We anticipate the merger of double-click library synthesis with the hybrid screening platform allows for efficient and economic discovery of drug candidates or chemical probes for various therapeutic targets.
Historical language use in Europe from a contrastive pragmatic perspective
Authors: House Juliane , Kádár Dániel Z. , Liu Fengguang , Shi Wenrui 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a case study which brings together the fields of contrastive pragmatics and historical
pragmatics. Specifically, we contrastively investigate the ways in which the speech act set of “farewell” – representing the
closing phase of an interaction – was realised in nineteenth-century historical letters in different linguacultures, including the
English, German and Chinese ones. We argue that contrastive pragmatics provides a fruitful contribution to historical research for
two inter-related reasons. First, contrastive pragmatics allows us to identify similar pragmatic patterns between typologicially
“close” linguacultures, such as the English and the German ones. Second, it prompts researchers to attest the validity of such
patterns by comparing such typologically close linguacultures with more distant ones such as the Chinese. Our study is based on a
corpus of family letters written to elderly relatives.
Old Chinese ‘egg’
Authors: Nohara Masaki 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper attempts to reconstruct the onset of the word for ‘egg’ in Old Chinese (OC). Based solely on
Middle Chinese (MC), *rˤonʔ would be the default OC reconstruction. However, philological evidence such as a
phonetic relationship (also called Xiéshēng connections), annotations, and variant characters show the
relationship between the word for ‘egg’ and words with the velar onset in MC. (Interestingly, most of them belong to the
so-called Division-II rhyme in MC.) In addition, comparative data from Proto-Min (*lh-), Proto-Hmong-Mien (*qr-), and
Proto-Tai (*qr-) indicate the possibility of reconstructing the consonant cluster *k.rˤ- for the onset of the word for ‘egg’. In
§ 4, I shall provide some additional evidence from the excavated documents, such as
oracle bone inscriptions 甲骨文, Chǔ bamboo slips
楚簡, and Qín bamboo slips 秦簡. In Chǔ bamboo slips, the characters having 䜌 luán as a phonetic element represent the
words having onset *k-, such as 關 guān, 卷 juǎn, and 宦 huàn (seen in Ān Dà Jiǎn 安大簡, which is also categorized as Chǔ bamboo slips 楚簡). Furthermore, the character luán, which has 䜌 luán as an additional phonetic element, represents the word for ‘egg’
on Qín bamboo slips 秦簡. As noted above, the character
䜌 luán can represent the
words having onset *k-. This all constitutes evidence supporting the reconstruction of the word for ‘egg’ with the initial
consonant cluster *k.rˤ- in OC, confirming the reconstruction of T’ung-ho Tung
(1944) and Baxter & Sagart (2014).