bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atomistic nonlinear carrier dynamics in Ge
Authors: Srivastava Anshika , Srivastava Pankaj , Srivastava Anchal , Saxena P. K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAn atomistic technique to successfully demonstrate the ultrafast carrier dynamics in Ge photoconductive samples is reported here. The technique is validated against the experimental findings and with the Drude conductivities. The impact of the various different scattering mechanisms is used to calibrate the experimental results. It is observed that the total scattering rate is not a constant parameter as contrast to Drude model which uses constant scattering rate as the fitting parameter to demonstrate the ultrafast carrier dynamics, but strongly dependent on the applied peak THz field strength. It also contradicts with the relaxation time approximation (RTA) method which uses scattering rate chosen on the empirical basis as the fitting parameter to demonstrate the ultrafast carrier dynamics. On the other hand the limitations and challenges offered by various types of density functional theories (DFT) pose lot of challenges. In current manuscript various types of scattering mechanisms i.e. acoustic, intervalley, Coulomb and impact ionization on the behavior of carrier conductivity are studied in details. The proposed technique has shown capability to extract low and high frequency conductivities accurately which is impossible through the Drude model or DFT based theories. It is observed that the free carrier absorption coefficient depends on the refractive index of the material at low THz frequencies. The solution of Boltzmann transport equation through Monte Carlo technique provides valuable insights for better understanding of ultrafast carrier transportation mechanism. The free carrier absorption spectra are found to be in good agreement with the experimental results at various THz field strengths.
Drug-induced loss of imprinting revealed using bioluminescent reporters of Cdkn1c
Authors: Dimond Andrew , Van de Pette Mathew , Taylor-Bateman Victoria , Brown Karen , Sardini Alessandro , Whilding Chad , Feytout Amelie , Prinjha Rab K. , Merkenschlager Matthias , Fisher Amanda G. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGenomic imprinting is an epigenetically mediated mechanism that regulates allelic expression of genes based upon parent-of-origin and provides a paradigm for studying epigenetic silencing and release. Here, bioluminescent reporters for the maternally-expressed imprinted gene Cdkn1c are used to examine the capacity of chromatin-modifying drugs to reverse paternal Cdkn1c silencing. Exposure of reporter mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) to 5-Azacytidine, HDAC inhibitors, BET inhibitors or GSK-J4 (KDM6A/B inhibitor) relieved repression of paternal Cdkn1c, either selectively or by inducing biallelic effects. Treatment of reporter fibroblasts with HDAC inhibitors or GSK-J4 resulted in similar paternal Cdkn1c activation, whereas BET inhibitor-induced loss of imprinting was specific to mESCs. Changes in allelic expression were generally not sustained in dividing cultures upon drug removal, indicating that the underlying epigenetic memory of silencing was maintained. In contrast, Cdkn1c de-repression by GSK-J4 was retained in both mESCs and fibroblasts following inhibitor removal, although this impact may be linked to cellular stress and DNA damage. Taken together, these data introduce bioluminescent reporter cells as tools for studying epigenetic silencing and disruption, and demonstrate that Cdkn1c imprinting requires distinct and cell-type specific chromatin features and modifying enzymes to enact and propagate a memory of silencing.
Pharmacological inhibition of the inflammatory receptor CCR2 relieves the early deleterious consequences of status epilepticus
Authors: Alemán-Ruiz Carlos , Wang Wenyi , Dingledine Ray , Varvel Nicholas H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGeneralized status epilepticus (SE) triggers a robust neuroinflammatory response involving reactive astrocytosis, activation of brain-resident microglia, and brain infiltration of CCR2+ monocytes. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that quenching SE-induced neuroinflammation can alleviate the adverse consequences of SE, including neuronal damage and cognitive impairments. Our recent findings show that blocking monocyte brain entry after SE, via global Ccr2 KO, rescues several SE-induced adverse effects including blood–brain barrier (BBB) erosion, microgliosis and neuronal damage while enhancing weight regain. The goals of the present study were to determine if CCR2 antagonism with a small molecule after SE replicates the effects of the CCR2 knockout. Male Ccr2+/rfp heterozygous mice were subject to intraperitoneal injection of kainic acid, scored for seizure severity, weight recovery, and nest building capability. Surviving mice were randomized into CCR2 antagonist and vehicle groups. The CCR2 antagonist, or vehicle, was administered 24- and 48-h post-SE via oral gavage, and mice were sacrificed three days post-SE. Mice subject to the CCR2 antagonist displayed faster weight recovery between one- and three-days post-SE and modestly enhanced ability to build a nest on the third day after SE when compared to vehicle-treated controls. CCR2 antagonism limited monocyte recruitment to the hippocampus and reduced numbers of Iba1+ macrophages. The mRNA levels of inflammatory mediators were depressed by 47%, and glial markers were reduced by 30% in mice treated with the CCR2 antagonist compared to controls. Astrocytosis was reduced in four brain regions. Neuroprotection was observed in the hippocampus, and erosion of the BBB was lessened in mice subject to the antagonist. Our findings provide proof-of-concept that brief CCR2 antagonism beginning one day after SE can alleviate multiple adverse SE-induced effects, including functional impairment, and identify circulating CCR2+ monocytes as a viable therapeutic target.
Effects of groundwater and distilled water on the durability of evaporitic rocks
Authors: Arman Hasan , Abdelghany Osman , Mahmoud Bahaa , Aldahan Ala , Paramban Safwan , Gad Ahmed , Saima Mahmoud Abu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEvaporitic rock durability induced by groundwater cause several construction challenges, but representative experimental studies to evaluate such conditions are still missing. Therefore, this study intended to provide better and more realistic degradability features of evaporites with groundwater besides a comparison with distilled water as slaking fluids. Forty-eight evaporitic rock blocks were collected from Abu Dhabi area, United Arab Emirates. 96 slake durability index (SDI) tests were performed, 48 with each of the slaking fluids; groundwater and distilled water, and their textural, mineralogical, and geochemical attributes were also examined before and after the SDI tests. In comparison to mineralogical and textural modifications, slaking fluid had a greater impact on the chemical composition of evaporitic rock. The study shows that the degradability of evaporites with groundwater and distilled water indicates a wide range from very low to high. The mean weight loss values after four cycles with groundwater and distilled water vary from 11 to 77 and from 4 to 81 wt.%, respectively. Consequently, slaking with groundwater illustrates a wide range compared to the slaking with distilled water. This could be due to quick interactions between groundwater and evaporites and fast hydration-dehydration process than distilled water due to the chemical composition of the groundwater. It is recommended to investigate the attributes of evaporitic rocks as well as groundwater geochemistry for safe, cost-effective, and sustainable structures.
Research on the dynamic evolution law of fissures in shallow-buried and short-distance coal seam mining in Lijiahao Coal Mine
Authors: Wang Beifang , Zhou Duo , Zhang Jing , Liang Bing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAiming at the problem of spontaneous combustion of coal relics caused by the overburden fracture network penetrating the upper and lower coal seams in the process of shallow-buried and short-distance coal seam mining, the 31114 working face of Lijiahao coal mine was used as the research background to study the characteristics of overburden transport and fracture development in shallow-buried and short-distance coal seam mining by using physical similar simulation test; the fractal dimension and image processing techniques were used to quantify the overburden fractures; the classical mechanical models of "solid support beam" and "masonry beam" were combined to analyze the causes of fracture dynamic evolution. The results show that: (1) Before the key seam fracture, the stress in the upper rock seam only changes in a small amount, and the stress in the lower rock seam evolves similarly to the single coal seam mining; when the key seam fracture is broken, the stress in the upper and lower rock seams will change by jumps. (2) The fractal dimension of the fissures rised from 1.4 to 1.5, the total area of fissures is increased from 16,638 pixels to 17,707 pixels, and the total length is increased from 2217 to 3071 pixels; after the main key layer of the overlying rock is broken, the fractal dimension of the fissures is reduced from 1.56 to 1.5, and the total area of fissures is reduced from 31,451 pixels to 29,089 pixels, the total length has increased from 5657 to 6619 pixels. (3) Before the key layer between the coal seams is broken, it will be suspended to form a "fixed beam". After the first break, the broken rock above it will settle synchronously until the rock blocks form a hinged structure and then collapse. After the fall stops, the key layer periodically breaks to form a "masonry beam" structure, and the overlying stratum settles synchronously.
Hard superconducting gap in germanium
Authors: Tosato Alberto , Levajac Vukan , Wang Ji-Yin , Boor Casper J. , Borsoi Francesco , Botifoll Marc , Borja Carla N. , Martí-Sánchez Sara , Arbiol Jordi , Sammak Amir , Veldhorst Menno , Scappucci Giordano 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe co-integration of spin, superconducting, and topological systems is emerging as an exciting pathway for scalable and high-fidelity quantum information technology. High-mobility planar germanium is a front-runner semiconductor for building quantum processors with spin-qubits, but progress with hybrid superconductor-semiconductor devices is hindered by the difficulty in obtaining a superconducting hard gap, that is, a gap free of subgap states. Here, we address this challenge by developing a low-disorder, oxide-free interface between high-mobility planar germanium and a germanosilicide parent superconductor. This superconducting contact is formed by the thermally-activated solid phase reaction between a metal, platinum, and the Ge/SiGe semiconductor heterostructure. Electrical characterization reveals near-unity transparency in Josephson junctions and, importantly, a hard induced superconducting gap in quantum point contacts. Furthermore, we demonstrate phase control of a Josephson junction and study transport in a gated two-dimensional superconductor-semiconductor array towards scalable architectures. These results expand the quantum technology toolbox in germanium and provide new avenues for exploring monolithic superconductor-semiconductor quantum circuits towards scalable quantum information processing.
National hydrologic connectivity classification links wetlands with stream water quality
Authors: Leibowitz Scott G. , Hill Ryan A. , Creed Irena F. , Compton Jana E. , Golden Heather E. , Weber Marc H. , Rains Mark C. , Jones Chas E. , Lee E. Henry , Christensen Jay R. , Bellmore Rebecca A. , Lane Charles R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWetland hydrologic connections to downstream waters influence stream water quality. However, no systematic approach for characterizing this connectivity exists. Here using physical principles, we categorized conterminous US freshwater wetlands into four hydrologic connectivity classes based on stream contact and flowpath depth to the nearest stream: riparian, non-riparian shallow, non-riparian mid-depth and non-riparian deep. These classes were heterogeneously distributed over the conterminous United States; for example, riparian dominated the south-eastern and Gulf coasts, while non-riparian deep dominated the Upper Midwest and High Plains. Analysis of a national stream dataset indicated acidification and organic matter brownification increased with connectivity. Eutrophication and sedimentation decreased with wetland area but did not respond to connectivity. This classification advances our mechanistic understanding of wetland influences on water quality nationally and could be applied globally.
Boil water alerts and their impact on the unexcused absence rate in public schools in Jackson, Mississippi
Authors: Kim M. , De Vito R. , Duarte F. , Tieskens K. , Luna M. , Salazar-Miranda A. , Mazzarello M. , Showalter Otts S. , Etzel C. , Burks S. , Crossley K. , Franzen Lee N. , Walker E. D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe water crisis in Jackson, Mississippi, has recently made national and international headlines as a major environmental catastrophe, impacting the public health and wellbeing of residents. Here we focus on Jackson’s most prevalent and vulnerable population, its children, by assessing how boil water alerts (BWAs) disrupt student learning. Using data on BWAs collected from the City of Jackson’s Water/Sewer Business Administration Office between 2015 and 2021, daily school attendance data from Jackson’s Public School District and community-level vulnerabilities from the American Community Survey, we add an important layer to the current conversation by analysing how BWAs disrupt student learning. After adjusting for community-level vulnerabilities, we show that each time a BWA is issued, unexcused absence rates statistically significantly increase by 1–10%. We also show statistically significant decreases in unexcused absences in schools where much of the student body receives free and reduced lunches. In a city that releases hundreds of BWAs each year, our findings highlight the urgency for addressing the root causes of the poor water quality in Jackson.
Personal HealthCare of Things: A novel paradigm and futuristic approach
Authors: Gupta Surbhi , Shabaz Mohammad , Gupta Ankur , Alqahtani Abdullah , Alsubai Shtwai , Ofori Isaac 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study provides an investigative approach and offers a complete review of research on Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), describing the progress in general and highlighting the research issues, trends, and future aspects of IoMT. Exploring a research strategy for IoMT systems is vital as the need for IoT in healthcare grows. By aggregating and merging data on critically important signals in hospitals, switching objects allows for better regulation of patients' physical states. The study proposes a novel approach, that is, Personal HealthCare of Things (PHoT), the idea is to bring personalisation in healthcare systems to target the individual issues and help to provide customised health services to potential patients. As a result, multiple studies were chosen, classified, and compared to evaluate the necessity for enhancing PHoT systems and introduce genuine concerns and future trends. This study provides a comprehensive overview of recent studies in IoMT that focus on applied methodologies, methods, and tools. In a nutshell, this study describes, systematically identifies, and taxonomically categorises IoMT research to provide an extensive comparison with the current publications' limits and potential. The study discusses the proposed PHoT architecture and aims to answer multiple investigations.
A novel heuristic for the analysis of block sign LMS algorithm
Authors: Siqueira Newton Norat , Petraglia Mariane Rembold , Haddad Diego Barreto 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a new heuristic for the analysis of adaptive filtering algorithms. It combines Price's Theorem (which is strictly valid when the random variables are jointly Gaussian) with a probabilistic model of the input data that assumes statistical independence between the radial and angular distributions. Moreover, the last distribution is modeled as discrete, which allows obtaining concise and useful closed‐form estimates of the algorithm's performance. The proposed method directly provides a derivation of a traditional result for the steady state performance of the Sign Least Mean Squares algorithm. Furthermore, it can be used to gain new insights into the asymptotic performance of the Block Sign Least Mean Squares algorithm. The analysis results are confirmed through simulations.
Two‐phase switched reluctance motor with hybrid excitation: Modeling and evaluation
Authors: Davarpanah Gholamreza , Mohammadi Sajjad , Lang Jeffrey H. , Kirtley James L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSwitched reluctance machines offer a robust structure, inexpensive maintenance, and a low‐cost drive. However, they can suffer from low mean torque, low torque density, and high noise. Techniques such as offering the stator poles at each phase in the shape of a C core, adding several teeth to the two poles of each C‐core, and embedding permanent magnets to overcome these deficiencies are presented. Permanent magnets are embedded into the structure to create a hybrid excitation that provides a higher torque density. The C‐core stator modules of the stator are toothed to improve the torque. The radial forces on the shaft are balanced. The design procedure, operating principles, and performance trade‐offs are explained. Also, a magnetic equivalent circuit model is introduced. The model provides continuous relationships over the operating regions and incorporates core saturation and accurate flux tubes to attain high precision. Finite element models are also employed in the analysis and design process. The motor is prototyped, and experimental results are extracted, closely matching those obtained with the model and finite‐element analysis.
STAR‐RIS‐enabled simultaneous indoor and outdoor 3D localisation: Theoretical analysis and algorithmic design
Authors: He Jiguang , Fakhreddine Aymen , Alexandropoulos George C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRecent research and development interests deal with metasurfaces for wireless systems beyond their consideration as intelligent tunable reflectors. Among the latest proposals is the simultaneously transmitting (a.k.a. refracting) and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR‐RIS) which intends to enable bidirectional indoor‐to‐outdoor, and vice versa communications thanks to its additional refraction capability. This double functionality provides increased flexibility in concurrently satisfying the quality‐of‐service requirements of users located at both sides of the metasurfaces, for example, the achievable data rate and localisation accuracy. The authors focus on STAR‐RIS‐empowered simultaneous indoor and outdoor three‐dimensional (3D) localisation, and study the fundamental performance limits via Fisher information analyses and Cramér Rao lower bounds (CRLBs). The authors also devise an efficient localisation algorithm based on an off‐grid compressive sensing (CS) technique relying on atomic norm minimisation (ANM). The impact of the training overhead, the power splitting at the STAR‐RIS, the power allocation between the users, the STAR‐RIS size, the imperfections of the STAR‐RIS‐to‐BS channel, as well as the role of the multi‐path components on the positioning performance are assessed via extensive computer simulations. It is theoretically demonstrated that high‐accuracy, up to centimetre level, 3D localisation can be simultaneously achieved for indoor and outdoor users, which is also accomplished via the proposed ANM‐based estimation algorithm.
Secrets behind the RXTE/ASM light curve of Cyg X-3
Authors: Vilhu O. , Koljonen K. I. I. , Hannikainen D. C. 
Published: April 2023

Context. In wind-fed X-ray binaries, the radiatively driven wind of the primary star can be suppressed by the X-ray irradiation of the compact secondary star, leading to an increased accretion rate. This causes feedback between the released accretion power and the luminosity of the compact star (X-ray source).
Aims. We investigate the feedback process between the released accretion power and the X-ray luminosity of the compact star (a low-mass black hole) in the unique high-mass X-ray binary Cygnus X-3. We study whether the seemingly erratic behavior of the observed X-ray light curve and accompanying spectral state transitions could be explained by this scenario.
Methods. The wind-fed accretion power is positively correlated with the extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) irradiation of the X-ray source. It is also larger than the bolometric luminosity of the X-ray source derived by spectral modeling and assumed to be an intrinsic property of the source. We assume that a part of the wind-fed power experiences a small amplitude variability around the source luminosity. The largest luminosity (lowest wind velocity) is constrained by the Roche-lobe radius, and the lowest one is constrained by the accretion without EUV irradiation. There is a delay between the EUV flux fixing the wind-fed power and that from the source. We modeled this feedback assuming different time profiles for the small amplitude variability.
Results. We propose a simple heuristic model to couple the influence of EUV irradiation on the stellar wind (from the Wolf-Rayet companion star) with the X-ray source itself. The resulting time profile of luminosity mimics that of the input variability, albeit with a larger amplitude. The most important property of the input variability are turnover times when it changes its sign and starts to have either positive or negative feedback. The bolometric luminosity derived by spectral modeling is the time average of the resulting feedback luminosity.
Conclusions. We demonstrate that the erratic behavior of the X-ray light curve of Cygnus X-3 may have its origin in the small amplitude variability of the X-ray source and feedback with the companion wind. This variability could arise in the accretion flow and/or due to the loss of kinetic energy in a jet or an accretion disk wind. In order to produce similar properties of the simulated light curve as observed, we have to restrict the largest accretion radius to a changing level, and assume variable timescales for the rise and decline phases of the light curve.
Diagnostik von peripheren Nerven bei Läsionen und
Kompressionssyndromen: Positionspaper der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft
für Mikrochirurgie – (DAM)
Authors: Bergmeister Konstantin D. , Platzgummer Hannes , Reichel-Vacariu Gerda , Kretschmer Thomas , Sturma Agnes , Schaefer Dirk , Mende Konrad , Meissl Günther , Schlenz Ingrid , Aszmann Oskar C. , Rab Matthias 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Behandlung von peripheren Nervenverletzungen und Kompressionssyndromen
erfordert eine rasche und präzise Diagnose. Nervenpathologien korrekt zu
identifizieren ist klinisch jedoch oft diffizil, womit wichtige Zeit bis zur
fachgerechten Therapie verlorengeht. In diesem Positionspaper der
deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Mikrochirurgie (DAM) wird der
derzeitige Status Quo zur Diagnostik von peripheren Nerven bei traumatischen
Läsionen und Kompressionssyndromen analysiert. Hierbei wurde der
Stellenwert der klassischen klinischen Diagnostik in Zusammenschau mit
Elektrophysiologie, hochauflösendem Nervenultraschall und
Magnetresonanz-Neurographie bewertet sowie die Mitglieder der DAM zu ihrem
diagnostischen Zugang befragt. Die beschriebenen Inhalte wurden im Zuge eines
Konsensusworkshops anlässlich der 42. Jahrestagung der DAM 2021 in Graz
erarbeitet.