bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High below‐ground bud abundance increases ecosystem recovery from drought across arid and semiarid grasslands
Authors: Luo Wentao , Muraina Taofeek O. , Griffin‐Nolan Robert J. , Te Niwu , Qian Jianqiang , Yu Qiang , Zuo Xiaoan , Wang Zhengwen , Knapp Alan K. , Smith Melinda D. , Han Xingguo , Collins Scott L. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Asexual reproduction plays a fundamental role in the structure, dynamics and persistence of perennial grasslands. Thus, assessing how asexual reproductive traits of plant communities respond to drought may be key for understanding grassland resistance to drought and recovery following drought.

Here, we quantified three asexual reproductive traits (i.e. above‐ground tiller abundance, below‐ground bud abundance and the ratio of tillers to buds) during a 4‐year severe drought and a 2‐year drought recovery period in four grasslands that spanned an aridity gradient in northern China. We also assessed the relationship between these traits and the resistance and recovery of above‐ground net primary productivity (ANPP).

We found that drought had limited and largely inconsistent effects on asexual reproduction among drought and recovery years and grasslands overall. Drought increased tiller abundance in the first treatment year and reduced bud banks by the fourth treatment year across grasslands. However, neither of the three asexual reproductive traits were correlated with drought resistance of ANPP. Drought legacies differed among the four grasslands with positive, negative and no legacies evident for the three asexual reproductive traits, and no clear relationship with aridity. Bud banks and tiller to bud ratio decreased and increased, respectively, in the first recovery year, but not in the second recovery year. In contrast to drought resistance, community bud abundance was strongly related to recovery, such that communities with higher bud abundance had greater ANPP recovery following drought.

Synthesis. These results suggest that asexual reproductive traits may be important drivers of ecosystem recovery after drought, but that variable responses of these asexual reproduction traits during drought complicates predictions of overall grassland responses.
The serum creatinine to cystatin C to waist circumference ratios predicts risk for type 2 diabetes: A Chinese cohort study
Authors: Chen Yinfei , Wen Weiheng , Mai Zhiliang , Wang Ming , Chen Hong , Sun Jia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is a lack of research regarding the relationship between creatinine to cystatin C to waist circumference ratio (CCR/WC ratios) and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to evaluate the association between CCR/WC ratios and incident T2DM in Chinese adults.MethodsThis prospective study was from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011, 2013, 2015, and 2018). The participants were divided into three groups by tertiaries of the CCR/WC ratios. Cox proportional‐hazards models were used to identify the relationship between CCR/WC and T2DM.ResultsOverall, 5938 participants were included for analysis, 766 of whom developed T2DM between 2011 and 2018. Risk of incident T2DM was decreased with tertiaries 2, 3 versus tertiary 1 of the CCR/WC index (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.772 [95% confidence interval 0.647–0.921] and 0.724 [0.596–0.880], p for trend = .001 across tertiaries of the CCR/WC index). The results were consistent excluding participants with T2DM in the first 2 years.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that CCR/WC was negatively correlated with the risk of T2DM in Chinese adults. Early detection is necessary to control the development of T2DM in Chinese with low CCR/WC levels.
Gender associations with selection into Australian General Surgical Training: 2016–2022
Authors: Ip Eugenia C. , Carrarini Monica , Nestel Debra , Incoll Ian W. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundFor those who have maintained an interest in general surgery after medical school and their early post‐graduate years, selection is the first step to a career in general surgery. Identifying differences secondary to gender in selection tools and their outcomes should assist the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons and the Australian Board in General Surgery to improve gender equity in the general surgical workforce. Selection tools for general surgery include the curriculum vitae (CV), referee report (RR) and multiple mini‐interview (MMI).MethodsAll applicants' CV, RR and MMI scores achieved in the general surgery selection process were reviewed by gender over a seven‐year period.ResultsIn all years, there were lower numbers of female applicants to selection. There were differences identified between genders in the CV and MMI, with females scoring lower in the CV and higher in the MMI when compared to males. There were no differences identified in the RR or proportion of applicants that were successful in their application based on gender.ConclusionThe CV and MMI utilized for selection into general surgery were associated with gender bias. However, the lower number of females selected into training reflects the lower number of female applicants overall. There was no overall impact from gender found in an applicant's ability to be selected into general surgery in Australia.
Aligning germline and somatic mutations in prostate cancer. Are genetics changing practice?
Authors: Cussenot Olivier , Cancel‐Tassin Geraldine , Rao Srinivasa R. , Woodcock Dan J. , Lamb Alastair D. , Mills Ian G. , Hamdy Freddie C. 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveTo review the current status of germline and somatic (tumour) genetic testing for prostate cancer (PCa), and its relevance for clinical practice.MethodsA narrative synthesis of various molecular profiles related to their clinical context was carried out. Current guidelines for genetic testing and its feasibility in clinical practice were analysed. We report the main identified genetic sequencing results or functional genomic scores for PCa published in the literature or obtained from the French PROGENE study.ResultsThe molecular alterations observed in PCa are mostly linked to disruption of the androgen receptor (AR) pathway or DNA repair deficiency. The main known germline mutations affect the BReast CAncer gene 2 (BRCA2) and homeobox B13 (HOXB13) genes, whereas AR and tumour protein p53 (TP53) are the genes with most frequent somatic alterations in tumours from men with metastatic PCa. Molecular tests are now available for detecting some of these germline or somatic alterations and sometimes recommended by guidelines, but their utilisation must combine rationality and feasibility. They can guide specific therapies, notably for the management of metastatic disease. Indeed, following androgen deprivation, targeted therapies for PCa currently include poly‐(ADP‐ribose)‐polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA)‐guided radiotherapy. The genetic tests currently approved for targeted therapies remain limited to the detection of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation and DNA mismatch repair deficiency, while large panels are recommended for germline analyses, not only for inherited cancer predisposing syndrome, but also for metastatic PCa.ConclusionsFurther consensus aligning germline with somatic molecular analysis in metastatic PCa is required, including genomics scars, emergent immunohistochemistry, or functional pre‐screen imaging. With rapid advances in knowledge and technology in the field, continuous updating of guidelines to help the clinical management of these individuals, and well‐conducted studies to evaluate the benefits of genetic testing are needed.
Wear resistance of CAD/CAM one‐piece screw‐retained hybrid‐abutment‐crowns made from different restorative materials
Authors: Elsayed Adham , Chaar Mohamed Sad , Kern Matthias , Libecki Wojtek , Yazigi Christine 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to measure the wear progress of three high performance polymers (HPP) materials as well as that of zirconia after artificial aging (simulated 2.5‐ and 5‐year of clinical service with thermo‐mechanical loading) and compare it with the well‐documented wear of lithium disilicate.MethodsForty implants were used to restore a maxillary first premolar, where the abutment and the crown were manufactured as hybrid‐abutment‐crown and connected to the implant using a titanium insert. The implants were randomly divided, according to the restorative materials used, into five groups: 3Y‐TZP zirconia (Z), lithium disilicate (L), ceramic‐reinforced polyetheretherketon (P), nano‐hybrid composite resin (C) and polymer‐infiltrated ceramic‐network (E). All hybrid‐abutment‐crowns were produced using CAD/CAM technology. A design of a maxillary first premolar was created with an angle of 120° between the buccal and palatal cusps, which were designed as planes. The restorations were adhesively luted onto the titanium inserts, according to the manufacturers’ recommendations for each material individually, by means of dual‐curing luting resin with the exception of group P, where the blocks were pre‐fitted (heat‐pressed) with an integrated titanium insert. The suprastructures were assembled onto the implants through titanium screws. The screw channels were sealed with Teflon tape and composite resin filling material that was polished to high‐gloss. All specimens underwent 1 200 000 thermo‐dynamic loading cycles with 49 N in a dual‐axis chewing simulator. Elastomeric impressions were made for all specimens after 600 000 and after 1 200 000 cycles. The corresponding impressions were imaged using a laser scanning microscope and then 3D‐analyzed using the software (Geomagic Wrap) to measure the volume loss of the wear area for all specimens. Statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon‐Test regarding the two different time measurements for each material. For the analysis of the material variable, Kruskal‐Wallis test was conducted followed by Mann–Whitney test.ResultsGroup Z showed statistically the lowest volume loss compared to the other test materials, both after 600 000 and 1 200 000 cycles of artificial aging, with a median value of 0.002 mm3 volume loss after 1 200 000 cycles. In contrast, group E showed the highest volume loss with median values of 0.18 and 0.3 mm3 after 600 000 and 1 200 000 cycles, respectively. Artificial aging had significantly negative effect on the volume loss for all test materials. In addition, the choice of material had statistical influence on the outcome.ConclusionMonolithic zirconia ceramic demonstrated lower wear than that reported for enamel after simulated 5‐year of clinical service, whereas all other test materials showed higher volume loss after artificial aging.
Aberrant dentato‐rubro‐thalamic pathway in action tremor but not rest tremor: A multi‐modality magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Duanmu Xiaojie , Wen Jiaqi , Tan Sijia , Guo Tao , Zhou Cheng , Wu Haoting , Wu Jingjing , Cao Zhengye , Liu Xiaocao , Chen Jingwen , Wu Chenqing , Qin Jianmei , Gu Luyan , Yan Yaping , Zhang Baorong , Zhang Minming , Guan Xiaojun , Xu Xiaojun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimsThe purpose of this study was to clarify the dentato‐rubro‐thalamic (DRT) pathway in action tremor in comparison to normal controls (NC) and disease controls (i.e., rest tremor) by using multi‐modality magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsThis study included 40 essential tremor (ET) patients, 57 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients (29 with rest tremor, 28 without rest tremor), and 41 NC. We used multi‐modality MRI to comprehensively assess major nuclei and fiber tracts of the DRT pathway, which included decussating DRT tract (d‐DRTT) and non‐decussating DRT tract (nd‐DRTT), and compared the differences in DRT pathway components between action and rest tremor.ResultsBilateral dentate nucleus (DN) in the ET group had excessive iron deposition compared with the NC group. Compared with the NC group, significantly decreased mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity were observed in the left nd‐DRTT in the ET group, which were negatively correlated with tremor severity. No significant difference in each component of the DRT pathway was observed between the PD subgroup or the PD and NC.ConclusionAberrant changes in the DRT pathway may be specific to action tremor and were indicating that action tremor may be related to pathological overactivation of the DRT pathway.
Single versus multiple renal arteries in living donor kidney transplantation: A systematic review and patient‐level meta‐analysis
Authors: Lim Ee Jean , Fong Khi Yung , Li Jingqiu , Chan Yiong Huak , Aslim Edwin Jonthan , Ng Lay Guat , Gan Valerie Huei Li 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionGrafts with multiple renal arteries (MRAs) were historically considered a relative contraindication to transplantation due to the higher risk of vascular and urologic complications. This study aimed to evaluate graft and patient survival between single renal artery (SRA) and MRA living‐donor kidney transplants.MethodsAn electronic literature search was conducted on PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus for prospective or retrospective studies comparing SRA versus MRA in living donor renal transplantation, with the provision of Kaplan–Meier curves for recipient overall survival (OS) or graft survival (GS). A graphical reconstructive algorithm was used to obtain OS and GS of individual patients, which was then pooled under random‐effects individual patient data (IPD) meta‐analysis using Cox‐models to determine hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Meta‐regression of baseline covariates versus HRs of OS and GS was performed for variables reported in 10 or more studies.ResultsFourteen studies were retrieved, of which 13 (8400 patients) reported OS and 9 (6912 patients) reported GS. There were no significant differences in OS (shared‐frailty HR = .94, 95%CI = .85–1.03, p = .172) or GS (shared‐frailty HR = .95, 95%CI = .83–1.08, p = .419) between SRA and MRA. This comparison remained non‐significant even when restricted to open‐ or laparoscopic‐only studies. Meta‐regression yielded no significant associations of GS with donor age, recipient age, and percentage of double renal arteries within the MRA arm.ConclusionsThe similar rates of GS and OS between MRA and SRA grafts suggest that there is no need for discrimination between the two when evaluating donors for nephrectomy.
1065. Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. subsp. tangshen (Oliv.) D.Y. Hong: Campanulaceae
Authors: Langhorne Joanna , Moore Richard , Rix Martyn 
Published: July 2023

SummaryCodonopsis pilosula subsp. tangshen is illustrated: its relationships, history and pollination are discussed. Instructions for its successful cultivation are given, and references are given to its use in Traditional Chinese medicine.
Assessing the impact of LEGO® construction training on spatial and mathematical skills
Authors: McDougal Emily , Silverstein Priya , Treleaven Oscar , Jerrom Lewis , Gilligan‐Lee Katie , Gilmore Camilla , Farran Emily K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLego construction ability is associated with a variety of spatial skills and mathematical outcomes. However, it is unknown whether these relations are causal. We aimed to establish the causal impact of Lego construction training on: Lego construction ability; a broad range of spatial skills; and on mathematical outcomes in 7–9‐year‐olds. We also aimed to identify how this causal impact differs for digital versus physical Lego construction training. One‐hundred and ninety‐eight children took part in a six‐week training programme, delivered twice weekly as a school lunch time club. They completed either physical Lego training (N = 59), digital Lego training (N = 64), or an active control condition (crafts; N = 75). All children completed baseline and follow‐up measures of spatial skills (disembedding, visuo‐spatial working memory, spatial scaling, mental rotation, and performance on a spatial‐numerical task, the number line task), mathematical outcomes (geometry, arithmetic, and overall mathematical skills) and Lego construction ability. Exploratory analyses revealed evidence for near transfer (Lego construction ability) and some evidence for far transfer (arithmetic) of Lego training, but overall transfer was limited. Despite this, we identified key areas for further development (explicit focus on spatial strategies, training for teachers, and embedding the programme within a mathematical context). The findings of this study can be used to inform future development of Lego construction training programmes to support mathematics learning.
Regional favouritism in Chinese university admissions
Authors: Lin Faqin , Wang Rui , Feng Kuo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe study the effect of favouritism via hometown ties of high‐ranking administrators in universities on China's university admissions. By constructing a gravity specification model and collecting the data on inter‐provincial admissions of nearly 1300 Chinese undergraduate universities between 2008 and 2015 and hometown information of the university's top administrators, such as the President or Party Secretary, we show that regional favouritism is prevalent in college enrolment. It is estimated that hometown ties of either the President or Secretary of the Party committee in a university increase the enrolments by almost 11% through admitting students with low entrance examinations scores from their hometowns. Interestingly, the hometown tie effects disappeared after President Xi's launched the anti‐corruption campaign in 2013 and we proved the hometown favouritism in university admissions is a form of corruption through a series of ways.
The Educational Promises and Perils of Existential Self‐Doubt
Authors: Gordon Mordechai 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis essay describes what it means to live with existential self‐doubt, explores how such doubt emerges in educational encounters, and examines some educational benefits and challenges of uncertainty and doubt. Mordechai Gordon begins his analysis by describing the type of self‐doubt that Paul Cézanne embodied, that is, of an artist who painted throughout his entire life yet was still consumed by existential uncertainty. Drawing on Cézanne's example, as well as poet Rainer Maria Rilke's life and his own experience, Gordon sheds light on what it means to live with existential doubt. Following the discussion of existential uncertainty, he revisits the epistemic self‐doubt displayed by Socrates and René Descartes and compares it to existential self‐doubt. In the third part of this essay, Gordon draws on the examples of some veteran teachers in order to illustrate how educators have approached the challenge of living with existential self‐doubt. The final part of the essay considers both the promises and perils of existential self‐doubt in the context of education.
Macropsis scotti (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) detected in Portugal in blackberry (Rubus) plants, associated with a Rubus stunt disease outbreak
Authors: Mateus Célia , Preza Frederico , Videira Nuno , Pita Nidia , Sousa Esmeraldina , Oliveira Pedro , Wilson Michael R. , Tishechkin Dmitri 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAn outbreak of Rubus stunt disease occurred in a berry production area in South‐West Portugal. Both wild and cultivated blackberry plants showed symptoms. Macropsis spp. (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) are recognized vectors of the phytoplasma responsible for this disease in Rubus plants. Surveys were conducted in 2016, 2017 and 2018 to look for the vector. All Macropsis specimens collected belonged to M. scotti Edwards and evidence suggests that it had a vectoring role in this outbreak. Owing its monophagy on blackberry plants, it is not likely that it will transfer the disease to the raspberry crop, which is far more economically important in the region than blackberry production.
Beyond borders: Achieving research performance breakthrough with academic collaborations
Authors: Veretennik Elena , Shakina Elena 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCollaborative research papers are widely acknowledged to be more impactful than single‐authored studies in higher education amidst subject area known to alter citation counts. While preceding studies have mostly recognised these two as the antecedents of research impact separately, it needs to be clarified whether the interaction of research area and type of collaboration causes any moderation. Comprehensive knowledge of differences in impact caused by a certain combination of type and area is important because, if citation impact is associated only with a particular combination, the impact‐based research stimulation programs without regard to combination consequences may be cost‐ineffective if not self‐destructing. This study investigates how research collaborations in academia impact the productivity and impact of university faculty. The focus is on the impact variation due to the type of academic collaboration (internal, domestic, international) and the research area. For the empirical test of this study, publicly open data from 1368 faculty in one of the leading Russian higher education institutions—HSE University. Results have two‐fold nature. STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Math) researchers are more likely to collaborate with domestic co‐authors. This result accentuates the specifics of the academic traditions in the research areas highly recognised for having a long and successful history and worldwide impact on science. The collaborations built on international coauthorship are associated with higher publication visibility rates for researchers from emerging fields in Russia, like those in social sciences and humanities, whereas institutional collaborations are found to be positively related to the share of cited documents. This article sheds light on the differences in academic collaboration mechanisms influencing research productivity and impact in two distinct research areas. It invites revisiting policies stimulating collaborative activities in universities, demonstrating their potentially discrepant consequences. The study's substantial contribution also refers to the use of panel data on personal attributes, research productivity and impact, which is a rare case for research collaboration studies.
DNA barcoding resolves quantitative multi‐trophic interaction networks and reveals pest species in trap nests
Authors: Fornoff Felix , Halla Wenzel , Geiger Sarah , Klein Alexandra‐Maria , Sann Manuela 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Insects, as one of the most species‐rich taxa with enormous taxonomic, behavioural and functional diversity, are in decline. Bees and wasps are especially crucial for ecosystems as pollinators or to control populations of other insects. To understand population drivers, comprehensive knowledge about top‐down and bottom‐up interactions, including all interaction partners, is needed.
Nests of trap‐nesting bees and wasps include multi‐trophic interactions between bees, wasps, their food resources and natural enemies, simultaneously, however, up to today, all trophic interactions are not yet included in trap nest research because of challenges to identify the food used by nesting bees and wasps.
Here, we reconstructed quantitative three‐ and four‐trophic interaction networks of species in three apoid wasp families using DNA barcoding. The obtained tripartite and quadripartite networks encompassed natural enemy‐wasp‐spider and natural enemy‐wasp‐herbivore‐plant interactions. Moreover, we identified so far undescribed Hymenoptera‐prey interactions, including prey species known as agricultural and forest pests.
More extensive research on bee and wasp multitrophic interaction networks will provide valuable insights to better understand responses to environmental and biodiversity change, to investigate ecological theory and to reveal so far unknown feeding links.