bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Target return as efficient driver of risk-taking
Authors: D'Hondt Catherine , De Winne Rudy , Todorovic Aleksandar 
Published: May 2023

PurposeThis paper examines whether target returns act as specific goals that impact risk-taking when individuals make investment decisions.Design/methodology/approachUsing an experimental setting, the authors assign either a low or a high target return to participants and ask them to make independent investment decisions as the risk-free rate fluctuates around their target return and, for some of them, becomes negative.FindingsBuilding on cumulative prospect theory, the authors find that the prevailing reference point of participants is the target return, regardless of the level of the risk-free rate. This result still holds even when the risk-free rate is negative, suggesting that (1) the target return drives risk-taking more than does a zero-threshold and (2) negative rates are limited as a tool to stimulate appetites for risk. In a follow-up study, the authors show that these conclusions remain valid when the target return is endogenously determined.Originality/valueThe authors' original approach, which pioneers the use of target returns in both the positive and negative interest rate contexts, provides insightful results about the “reach for yield” among regular people.
How do institutional investors react to local shocks during a crisis? A test using the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Ling David C. , Wang Chongyu , Zhou Tingyu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe examine how institutional investors reacted to geographically dispersed local shocks during the early stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic. A sample of real estate investment trusts (REITs) enables us to link two layers of geography: the locations of the assets in which the REITs were invested and the headquarters locations of institutional investors who owned REIT shares. We find that the institutional ownership of firms with an economic interest in the investors’ home markets declined more if those markets were heavily affected by the pandemic. In addition, the ownership responses to the COVID‐19 shock were larger in those markets in which REITs had larger portfolio allocations and in markets that were home to the investors. Importantly, we find that nonpassive and short‐term investors may have overreacted to the local shocks because their REIT portfolios subsequently underperformed relative to passive and long‐term investors. Our study highlights the importance of geography in the formation of investors’ expectations during market crises.
A patient with a lung adenosquamous carcinoma harboring a de novo T790M mutation and huge nonbacterial vegetative growths successfully treated with osimertinib: A case report
Authors: Kim So‐yun , Kim Ka Eun , Kim Yoonjoo , Chung Chaeuk 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE) is a rare condition; sterile vegetations attach to heart valves. NBTE is typically found in patients with malignancies or autoimmune disorders. Although surgical interventions are sometimes performed, the appropriate indication and timing are still unclear. Here, we describe a 72‐year‐old woman diagnosed with adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung. She was initially diagnosed as pT2aN0M0 and underwent RUL lobectomy. After nine months, lung cancer recurred, and she underwent treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy. However, images showed progression after only one month. Rebiopsy revealed she had comutation of de novo EGFR L858R and T790M. Treatment was changed to gefitinib. After one month, she experienced loss of consciousness. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed multiple lesions resembling infarctions or metastases. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed progression. Osimertinib was prescribed and she underwent echocardiography to rule out the possibility of a cardiogenic embolism. Surprisingly, severe mitral regurgitation and a massive vegetation on the mitral valve were found. Cardiologists recommended surgery due to the severity of the embolic event and valve dysfunction, but it was decided to continue antibiotics, osimertinib, and anticoagulants instead of surgery due to the patient's poor general condition and the possibility of NBTE. Six weeks later, the patient's condition markedly improved and echocardiography revealed a marked reduction in vegetation size. Clinicians should be aware that targeted therapy can be effective in treating severe cancer complications, such as NBTE, as evidenced by the successful treatment of lung cancer with osimertinib. This option should be considered, particularly for elderly lung cancer patients, before resorting to surgery as a first‐line treatment for NBTE.
Fathers attending the birth of their baby: Views, intentions and needs
Authors: Kothari Alka , Khuu Alvin , Dulhunty Joel , Bruxner George , Ballard Emma , Callaway Leonie 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundThere is limited information about fathers' views, intentions and needs leading up to childbirth.AimsThis study explores the factors influencing fathers’ intention to attend the birth, and the needs and supports required leading up to childbirth.MethodsCross‐sectional survey of 203 prospective fathers attending antenatal appointments at an outer metropolitan public teaching hospital in Brisbane, Australia.ResultsA total of 201/203 (99.0%) participants intended to attend the birth. The reported reasons included: responsibility (99.5%), protectiveness (99.0%), love for their partner (99.0%), the right thing to do (98.0%), desire to see the birth (98.0%), the perception that partners should attend (97.4%), duty (96.4%) and partner preference (91.4%). Some felt pressured by their partner (12.8%), society (10.8%), cultural expectations (9.6%) and family (9.1%), and 10.6% perceived adverse consequences for not attending. Most participants (94.6%) felt well supported, experienced good communication (72.4%), had the opportunity to ask questions (69.8%) and received an explanation of events (66.3%). They were less often supported by antenatal visits (46.7%) and by a plan for future visits (32.2%). Ten per cent of all fathers and 13.8% of experienced fathers requested better mental health support, and 9.0% prefer better clinician communication.ConclusionsMost fathers intend to attend childbirth for personal and moral reasons; however, a small proportion feel pressured. Most fathers feel well supported, although potential improvements include planning for future visits, provision of information, mental health support, clinician communication, increased involvement in their partner’s care, the opportunity to ask questions and more frequent clinic visits.
Associations between axial length, corneal refractive power and lens thickness in children and adolescents: The Ural Children Eye Study
Authors: Bikbov Mukharram M. , Kazakbaeva Gyulli M. , Fakhretdinova Albina A. , Tuliakova Azaliia M. , Iakupova Ellina M. , Panda‐Jonas Songhomitra , Gilemzianova Leisan I. , Garipova Liana A. , Khakimov Dinar A. , Islamova Liaisan I. , Pokhilko Nikolay I. , Jonas Jost B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeTo assess relationships between ocular biometric parameters in dependence of age and sex in children and adolescents.MethodsIn the Ural Children Eye Study, a school‐based cohort study, 4933 children underwent an ophthalmological and general examination.ResultsComplete biometric measurements were available for 4406 (89.3%) children. Cycloplegic refractive error (mean: −0.87 ± 1.73 diopters (D); median: −0.38 D; range: −19.75 D to +11.25 D) increased (multivariable analysis; r2 = 0.73) with shorter axial length (β: −0.99; non‐standardized regression coefficient B: −1.64; 95% CI: −1.68, −1.59) and lower corneal refractive power (β: −0.55; B: −0.67; 95% CI: −0.70, −0.64), in addition to higher cylindrical refractive error (β: 0.10; B: 0.34; 95% CI: 0.27, 0.41), thinner lens (β: −0.11; −0.85; 95% CI: −1.02, −0.69) and male sex (β: 0.15; B: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.57). In univariate analysis, decrease in refractive error with older age was more significant (β: −0.38 vs. β: −0.25) and steeper (B: −0.22 (95% CI: −0.24, −0.20) vs. B: −0.13 (95% CI: −0.15, −0.11)) in girls than boys, particularly for an age of 11+ years. Axial length increased with older age (steeper for age <11  years) (B: 0.22 (95% CI: 0.18, 0.25) vs. 0.07 (95% CI: 0.05, 0.09)). In multivariable analysis, axial length increased with lower refractive error (β: −0.77; B: −0.42; 95% CI: −0.43, −0.40) and lower corneal refractive power (β: −0.54; B: −0.39; 95% CI: −0.41, −0.38), in addition to older age (β: 0.04; B: 0.02; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.03), male sex (β: 0.13; B: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.21, 0.32), higher cylindrical refractive error (β: 0.05; B: 0.09; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.14) and thinner lens (β: −0.14; B: −0.62; 95% CI: −0.72, −0.51). The axial length/corneal curvature (AL/CR) ratio increased until the age of 14 years (β: 0.34; B: 0.017; 95% CI: 0.016, 0.019; p < 0001), and then became independent of age. The AL/CR ratio increased (r2 = 0.78) mostly with higher corneal refractive power (β: 0.25; B: 0.02; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.02; p < 0.001), lower refractive error (β: −0.75; B: −0.05; 95% CI: −0.05, −0.05; p < 0.001), thinner lens thickness (β: −01.6; B: −0.09; 95% CI: −0.10, −0.08; p < 0.001) and older age (β: 0.16; B: 0.006; 95% CI: 0.005, 0.007; p < 0.001).ConclusionsIn this multiethnic group of school children in Russia, the age‐related increase in myopic refractive error was more significant and steeper in girls, particularly for the age group of 11+ years. Determinants of higher myopic refractive error were longer axial length, higher corneal refractive power, lower cylindrical refractive error, thicker lens and female sex.
Can psychological distress account for the associations between COVID‐19 vaccination acceptance and socio‐economic vulnerability?
Authors: Yuan Jiehu , Dong Meihong , Wong Irene Oi Ling , Cowing Benjamin J. , Lam Wendy Wing Tak , Ni Michael Y. , Liao Qiuyan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSocially disadvantaged individuals and communities consistently showed lower COVID‐19 vaccination acceptance. We aimed to examine the psychological mechanisms that could explain such vaccination disparities. This study used data from serial population‐based surveys conducted since the COVID‐19 vaccination programme being launched in Hong Kong (N = 28,734). We first assessed the correlations of community‐level and individual‐level social vulnerability with COVID‐19 vaccination acceptance. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was then conducted to test whether psychological distress measured by PHQ‐4 can account for the associations between participants' socio‐economic vulnerability and COVID‐19 vaccination acceptance. The third part analysis examined whether perceived negativity of vaccine‐related news and affect towards COVID‐19 vaccines accounted for the association between psychological distress and COVID‐19 vaccination. Communities with higher social vulnerability scores and participants who had more vulnerable socio‐economic status showed lower COVID‐19 vaccination acceptance. Individuals with more vulnerable socio‐economic status reported higher psychological distress, which lowered COVID‐19 vaccination acceptance. Furthermore, higher psychological distress was associated with lower vaccination acceptance through its psychological mechanisms of processing vaccine‐related information. We proposed a renewed focus on tackling psychological distress rather than merely increasing vaccine accessibility in more socio‐economic‐disadvantaged groups for promoting COVID‐19 vaccination acceptance.
All about the human: A Buddhist take on AI ethics
Authors: Lin Chien‐Te 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAs AI technology becomes more influential, ethical considerations surrounding its application are becoming increasingly relevant. In this paper, I reflect on some moral questions from a Buddhist perspective and consider the moral status of AI to evaluate its function and purpose in our lives. Since a robot lacks the capacity to experience suffering and has no conscience, AI ethics are possible only as ethics about robots and not as ethics for robots. Despite having no concrete moral status, robots cannot be deemed entirely morally insignificant as they exist as moral objects toward which moral agents have a duty. Our unique endowment as human beings is the intelligence for moral deliberation as we develop AI technologies and determine the future direction of humanity. From a Buddhist point of view, there is potential to advance our spiritual growth through the realization of the interdependence between humans and AI. As we recognize the uniqueness of our humanity and take a middle‐way approach, the rise of robots need not threaten our existence but could instead catapult humanity into a new dawn.
Adapted motivational interviewing for brief healthcare consultations: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of treatment fidelity in real‐world evaluations of behaviour change counselling
Authors: Beck Alison K. , Baker Amanda L. , Britton Ben , Lum Alistair , Pohlman Sonja , Forbes Erin , Moore Lyndell , Barnoth Ditte , Perkes Sarah J. , Oldmeadow Chris , Carter Gregory 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundBehaviour change counselling (BCC) is an adaptation of motivational interviewing (MI) designed to maximize the effectiveness of time‐limited health behaviour change consultations. To improve intervention quality and understanding of treatment effects, it is recommended that evaluations of health behaviour change interventions incorporate existing fidelity frameworks (e.g. The National Institutes of Health [NIH] Behaviour Change Consortium) and ensure that treatment fidelity is assessed and reported.PurposeThis systematic review was designed to examine (a) adherence to NIH fidelity recommendations, (b) provider fidelity to BCC and (c) impact of these variables on the real‐world effectiveness of BCC for adult health behaviours and outcomes.Methods and ResultsSearches of 10 electronic databases yielded 110 eligible publications describing 58 unique studies examining BCC delivered within real‐world healthcare settings by existing providers. Mean study adherence to NIH fidelity recommendations was 63.31% (Range 26.83%–96.23%). Pooled effect size (Hedges g) for short‐term and long‐term outcomes was .19 (95% CI [.11, .27]) and .09 (95% CI [.04, .13]), respectively. In separate, random‐effects meta‐regressions, neither short‐term nor long‐term effect sizes were significantly modified by adherence to NIH fidelity recommendations. For the subgroup of short‐term alcohol studies (n = 10), a significant inverse relationship was detected (Coefficient = −.0114, 95% CI [−.0187, −.0041], p = .0021). Inadequate and inconsistent reporting within the included studies precluded planned meta‐regression between provider fidelity and BCC effect size.ConclusionsFurther evidence is needed to clarify whether adherence to fidelity recommendations modifies intervention effects. Efforts to promote transparent consideration, evaluation and reporting of fidelity are urgently needed. Research and clinical implications are discussed.
The colonisation of Madagascar by land‐bound vertebrates
Authors: Ali Jason R. , Hedges S. Blair 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTDespite discussions extending back almost 160 years, the means by which Madagascar's iconic land vertebrates arrived on the island remains the focus of active debate. Three options have been considered: vicariance, range expansion across land bridges, and dispersal over water. The first assumes that a group (clade/lineage) occupied the island when it was connected with the other Gondwana landmasses in the Mesozoic. Causeways to Africa do not exist today, but have been proposed by some researchers for various times in the Cenozoic. Over‐water dispersal could be from rafting on floating vegetation (flotsam) or by swimming/drifting. A recent appraisal of the geological data supported the idea of vicariance, but found nothing to justify the notion of past causeways. Here we review the biological evidence for the mechanisms that explain the origins of 28 of Madagascar's land vertebrate clades [two other lineages (the geckosGeckolepisandParagehyra) could not be included in the analysis due to phylogenetic uncertainties]. The podocnemid turtles and typhlopoid snakes are conspicuous for they appear to have arisen through a deep‐time vicariance event. The two options for the remaining 26 (16 reptile, five land‐bound‐mammal, and five amphibian), which arrived between the latest Cretaceous and the present, are dispersal across land bridges or over water. As these would produce very different temporal influx patterns, we assembled and analysed published arrival times for each of the groups. For all, a ‘colonisation interval’ was generated that was bracketed by its ‘stem‐old’ and ‘crown‐young’ tree‐node ages; in two instances, the ranges were refined using palaeontological data. The synthesis of these intervals for all clades, which we term a colonisation profile, has a distinctive shape that can be compared, statistically, to various models, including those that assume the arrivals were focused in time. The analysis leads us to reject the various land bridge models (which would show temporal concentrations) and instead supports the idea of dispersal over water (temporally random). Therefore, the biological evidence is now in agreement with the geological evidence, as well as the filtered taxonomic composition of the fauna, in supporting over‐water dispersal as the mechanism that explains all but two of Madagascar's land‐vertebrate groups.
Ecological inferences about marine mammals from passive acoustic data
Authors: Fleishman Erica , Cholewiak Danielle , Gillespie Douglas , Helble Tyler , Klinck Holger , Nosal Eva‐Marie , Roch Marie A. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTMonitoring on the basis of sound recordings, or passive acoustic monitoring, can complement or serve as an alternative to real‐time visual or aural monitoring of marine mammals and other animals by human observers. Passive acoustic data can support the estimation of common, individual‐level ecological metrics, such as presence, detection‐weighted occupancy, abundance and density, population viability and structure, and behaviour. Passive acoustic data also can support estimation of some community‐level metrics, such as species richness and composition. The feasibility of estimation and certainty of estimates is highly context dependent, and understanding the factors that affect the reliability of measurements is useful for those considering whether to use passive acoustic data. Here, we review basic concepts and methods of passive acoustic sampling in marine systems that often are applicable to marine mammal research and conservation. Our ultimate aim is to facilitate collaboration among ecologists, bioacousticians, and data analysts.Ecological applications of passive acoustics require one to make decisions about sampling design, which in turn requires consideration of sound propagation, sampling of signals, and data storage. One also must make decisions about signal detection and classification and evaluation of the performance of algorithms for these tasks. Investment in the research and development of systems that automate detection and classification, including machine learning, are increasing.Passive acoustic monitoring is more reliable for detection of species presence than for estimation of other species‐level metrics. Use of passive acoustic monitoring to distinguish among individual animals remains difficult. However, information about detection probability, vocalisation or cue rate, and relations between vocalisations and the number and behaviour of animals increases the feasibility of estimating abundance or density. Most sensor deployments are fixed in space or are sporadic, making temporal turnover in species composition more tractable to estimate than spatial turnover. Collaborations between acousticians and ecologists are most likely to be successful and rewarding when all partners critically examine and share a fundamental understanding of the target variables, sampling process, and analytical methods.
Early changes of fecal short‐chain fatty acid levels in patients with mild cognitive impairments
Authors: Gao Chao , Li Binyin , He Yixi , Huang Pai , Du Juanjuan , He Guiying , Zhang Pingchen , Tang Huidong , Chen Shengdi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsTo compare the fecal levels of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and normal controls (NCs) and to examine whether fecal SCFAs could be used as the biomarker for the identification of patients with MCI. To examine the relationship between fecal SCFAs and amyloid‐β (Aβ) deposition in the brain.MethodsA cohort of 32 MCI patients, 23 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, and 27 NC were recruited in our study. Fecal levels of SCFAs were measured using chromatography and mass spectrometry. Disease duration, ApoE genotype, body mass index, constipation, and diabetes were evaluated. To assess cognitive impairment, we used the Mini‐Mental Status Examination (MMSE). To assess brain atrophy, the degree of medial temporal atrophy (MTA score, Grade 0–4) was measured by structural MRI. Aβ positron emission tomography with 18F‐florbetapir (FBP) was performed in seven MCI patients at the time of stool sampling and in 28 MCI patients at an average of 12.3 ± 0.4 months from the time of stool sampling to detect and quantify Aβ deposition in the brain.ResultsCompared with NC, MCI patients had significantly lower fecal levels of acetic acid, butyric acid, and caproic acid. Among fecal SCFAs, acetic acid performed the best in discriminating MCI from NC, achieved an AUC of 0.752 (p = 0.001, 95% CI: 0.628–0.876), specificity of 66.7%, and sensitivity of 75%. By combining fecal levels of acetic acid, butyric acid, and caproic acid, the diagnostic specificity was significantly improved, reaching 88.9%. To better verify the diagnostic performance of SCFAs, we randomly assigned 60% of participants into training dataset and 40% into testing dataset. Only acetic acid showed significantly difference between these two groups in the training dataset. Based on the fecal levels of acetic acid, we achieved the ROC curve. Next, the ROC curve was evaluated in the independent test data and 61.5% (8 in 13) of patients with MCI, and 72.7% (8 in 11) of NC could be identified correctly. Subgroup analysis showed that reduced fecal SCFAs in MCI group were negatively associated with Aβ deposition in cognition‐related brain regions.ConclusionReductions in fecal SCFAs were observed in patients with MCI compared with NC. Reduced fecal SCFAs were negatively associated with Aβ deposition in cognition‐related brain regions in MCI group. Our findings suggest that gut metabolite SCFAs have the potential to serve as early diagnostic biomarkers for distinguishing patients with MCI from NC and could serve as potential targets for preventing AD.