bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topography of inputs into the hippocampal formation of a food‐caching bird
Authors: Applegate Marissa C. , Gutnichenko Konstantin S. , Aronov Dmitriy 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe mammalian hippocampal formation (HF) is organized into domains associated with different functions. These differences are driven in part by the pattern of input along the hippocampal long axis, such as visual input to the septal hippocampus and amygdalar input to the temporal hippocampus. HF is also organized along the transverse axis, with different patterns of neural activity in the hippocampus and the entorhinal cortex. In some birds, a similar organization has been observed along both of these axes. However, it is not known what role inputs play in this organization. We used retrograde tracing to map inputs into HF of a food‐caching bird, the black‐capped chickadee. We first compared two locations along the transverse axis: the hippocampus and the dorsolateral hippocampal area (DL), which is analogous to the entorhinal cortex. We found that pallial regions predominantly targeted DL, while some subcortical regions like the lateral hypothalamus (LHy) preferentially targeted the hippocampus. We then examined the hippocampal long axis and found that almost all inputs were topographic along this direction. For example, the anterior hippocampus was preferentially innervated by thalamic regions, while the posterior hippocampus received more amygdalar input. Some of the topographies we found bear a resemblance to those described in the mammalian brain, revealing a remarkable anatomical similarity of phylogenetically distant animals. More generally, our work establishes the pattern of inputs to HF in chickadees. Some of these patterns may be unique to chickadees, laying the groundwork for studying the anatomical basis of these birds’ exceptional hippocampal memory.
Interfacial Coupling of Graphene with Nickel Nanoparticles for Water Splitting and Urea Oxidation: A Spectroelectrochemical Investigation
Authors: Saha Sanjit , Mohan Das Gour 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNickel nanoparticle and graphene interfaces of various stoichiometries were created through electrodeposition techniques. The catalytic behavior of the electrodeposited films was investigated through spectro‐electrochemical methodologies. UV‐vis absorbance spectra of the electrodeposited films are significantly different in the air and alkaline medium. Furthermore, UV‐vis and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the coupling of Ni nanoparticles (Ni‐NP) with the graphene framework, along with NiO and Ni(OH)2. A combination of Raman and impedance spectroscopy revealed that the surface adsorption and charge transfer properties of the electrodeposited films are entirely dependent on the defects on graphene structure as well as distribution of Ni‐NP on graphene. The electrodeposited films possess heterogeneous catalytic properties with a low overpotential of 50 mV (10 mA/cm−2) for hydrogen evolution reaction, as well as 601 mV and 391 mV (at 50 mA/cm−2) for the oxygen evolution reaction and urea oxidation reaction, respectively. In addition, eelectrodeposited samples show extraordinary overall water splitting performance by achieving a current density of 10 mA/cm2 at a very low applied potential of 1.38 V. This synergistic coupling of Ni and graphene renders the electrodeposited samples promising candidates as electrodes for overall water splitting in alkaline and urea‐supplemented solutions.
Assessment of antibodies in the upper and lower human respiratory tract at steady state and after respiratory viral infection
Authors: Koutsakos Marios , Turner Jackson S , Guillamet M Cristina Vazquez , Reynolds Daniel , Lei Tingting , Byers Derek E , Ellebedy Ali H , Mudd Philip A 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesThere is an increasing appreciation for the need to study mucosal antibody responses in humans. Our aim was to determine the utility of different types of samples from the human respiratory tract, specifically nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs obtained for diagnostic purposes and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) obtained in outpatient and inpatient settings.MethodsWe analysed antibody levels in plasma and NP swabs from 67 individuals with acute influenza as well as plasma and BAL from individuals undergoing bronchoscopy, including five control subjects as well as seven moderately and seven severely ill subjects with a respiratory viral infection. Levels of α2‐macroglobulin were determined in BAL and plasma to assess plasma exudation.ResultsIgG and IgA were readily detectable in BAL and NP swabs, albeit at different ratios, while IgM levels were low. The total amount of antibody recovered from NP swabs varied greatly between study participants. Accordingly, the levels of influenza HA‐specific antibodies varied, and individuals with lower amounts of total Ig in NP swabs had undetectable levels of HA‐specific Ig. Similarly, the total amount of antibody recovered from BAL varied between study participants. However, severely ill patients showed evidence of increased plasma exudation, which may confound analysis of their BAL samples for mucosal antibodies.ConclusionNasopharyngeal swabs collected for diagnostic purposes may have utility in assessing antibodies from the human nasal mucosa, but variability in sampling should be accounted for. BAL samples can be utilised to study antibodies from the lower respiratory tract, but the possibility of plasma exudation should be excluded.
Clinical significance of end of induction measurable residual disease monitoring in B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A single center experience
Authors: Arunachalam Arun Kumar , Selvarajan Sushil , Mani Thenmozhi , Janet Nancy Beryl , Maddali Madhavi , Lionel Sharon Anbumalar , Kulkarni Uday , Korula Anu , Aboobacker Fouzia N. , Abraham Aby , George Biju , Balasubramanian Poonkuzhali , Mathews Vikram 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe assessment of measurable residual disease (MRD) has emerged as a powerful prognostic tool for both pediatric and adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the prognostic relevance of the end of induction MRD in B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B ALL) patients. The study included 481 patients who underwent treatment for B ALL between August 2012 and March 2019 and had their MRD at the end of induction assessed by flow cytometry. Baseline demographic characteristics were collected from the patient's clinical records. Event free survival (EFS) and relapse free survival (RFS) were calculated using Kaplan–Meier analysis and survival estimates were compared using the log‐rank test. End of induction MRD and baseline karyotype were the strongest predictors of EFS and RFS on multivariate analysis. The EFS was inversely related to the MRD value and the outcomes were similar in patients without morphological remission at the end of induction and patients in remission with MRD ≥1.0%. Even within the subgroups of ALL based on age, karyotype, BCR::ABL1 translocation and the treatment protocol, end of induction MRD positive patients had poor outcomes compared to patients who were MRD negative. The study outcome would help draft end of induction MRD‐based treatment guidelines for the management of B ALL patients.
Fibroblast growth factor 23 is associated with the development of gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Hocher Carl‐Friedrich , Chen Xin , Zuo Jiao , Horvathova Katarina , Hocher Berthold , Krämer Bernhard K. , Chu Chang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundBesides its established impact on bone and mineral metabolism, it was suggested that fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) might play an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. The impact of FGF23 on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), however, is not well understood. iFGF23 ELISAs measure the intact FGF23 molecule, whereas cFGF23 assays measure intact FGF23 as well as degradation products of FGF23.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to compare the association of maternal and foetal cFGF23 and iFGF23 with GDM in a German birth cohort.MethodscFGF23 and iFGF23 were analysed in 826 random mother/child pairs from the Berlin Birth Cohort.ResultsMothers who developed GDM had higher concentrations of iFGF‐23 compared to mothers who did not suffer from GDM (19.73 vs. 13.23 pg/mL, p < 0.0001), but not higher concentrations of cFGF‐23. Multivariant regression analyses showed that gestational diabetes is associated with iFGF23 independently of confounding factors such as age, BMI, ethnic background, family history of diabetes, smoking during pregnancy, and recurrent pregnancy loss. This, however, was only seen when using an iFGF23 ELISA measuring just the full length FGF23 and not in addition FGF23 fragments. No differences in both iFGF23 and cFGF23 concentrations between the GDM and non‐GDM groups were detected in cord blood samples of the offspring.ConclusionsThis study of a representative German birth cohort showed that maternal but not foetal iFGF23 is independently associated with GDM.
Gray wolf range in the western Great Lakes region under forecasted land use and climate change
Authors: van den Bosch Merijn , Kellner Kenneth F. , Beyer Dean E. , Erb John D. , MacFarland David M. , Norton D. Cody , Price Tack Jennifer L. , Roell Brian J. , Belant Jerrold L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLand use and climate change alter species distributions worldwide, and detecting and understanding how species ranges shift can facilitate conservation planning and action. Following extirpation from most of the contiguous United States, gray wolves (Canis lupus) have partially recolonized former range in the western Great Lakes region, but it is unknown how land use and climate change may alter amounts of wolf habitat. Using wolf observation data collected during winters 2017–2020 in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan, we created ensemble models to predict how land use and climate change may affect the amount of wolf habitat within these states. A projection model for the western Great Lakes region suggested three of four scenarios of land use and climate change will lead to 9%–35% increases in wolf habitat, while a solely climate‐based projection model supported our expectation that changes in climate, in isolation, will have limited effect on current wolf range. Our results support stable or increasing amounts of wolf habitat in the western Great Lakes region during the 21st century, suggesting limited or no adverse effects on the current distribution or further recolonization of wolves. Our findings can inform policy development regarding wolf conservation and identify areas where recolonization is plausible, thus where promoting human–wolf coexistence is most pertinent.
DFT Calculations and Synthesis Reveal: Key Intermediates, Omitted Mechanisms, and Unsymmetrical Bimane Products
Authors: Oded Bat‐El , Diskin‐Posner Yael , Marks Vered , Kornweitz Haya , Grynszpan Flavio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTheoretical and experimental mixed approaches are complementary and valuable. Our DFT calculations support the mechanism suggested by Kosower, adding to it a key diaziridine intermediate that determines the relative product distribution of this reaction. Our results are consistent with the formation of the diazoketene intermediate as the rate‐limiting step. Based on curve fittings, first or second‐order kinetics cannot be ruled out. This may indicate that more than one mechanism is simultaneously at play in this transformation. This unexpected outcome led us to study an alternative cyclopropenone intermediate. Although cyclopropenone is not likely to be formed under thermal conditions, adding it to the reaction mixture results in bimane structures. The most staggering finding from this investigation was the unanticipated generation of the unsymmetrical anti‐(Me,Me)(Ph,Ph)bimane. The optimization of this route towards unsymmetrical bimanes will require additional investigation.
The evaluation of aluminum and iron metal oxide settling behaviors for Hanford insoluble solids waste preprocessing
Authors: Williams Ashley N. , Peterson Reid A. , Burns Carolyne A. M. , Westesen Amy M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Hanford site is currently one of the largest and most expensive cleanup sites for hazardous, radioactive waste. Over 20% of the waste found at the Hanford site is in the form of a high activity sludge. The insoluble solids in the sludge will need to be concentrated prior to vitrification in the high‐level waste (HLW) melter. This will minimize the amount of liquid that will be evaporated during the melting process and expedite the melter processing rate. One proposed option for concentrating the insoluble solids is gravity settling in the storage tanks. Metal oxide compounds containing aluminum and iron make up the majority of the insoluble solids in the sludge, therefore understanding the behavior of these compounds in various tank waste matrices can facilitate sludge pretreatment options. A study of non‐radioactive slurry solutions containing Al(OH)3 (gibbsite), AlO(OH) (boehmite), and Fe2O3 (iron (III) oxide) was conducted to determine the time dependent interface behavior and settling rates of these compounds. Variations in solids loading and sodium concentration were evaluated to represent waste processing conditions and the results of these settling studies were compared with prior tank waste settling tests. Information gathered from these studies can be used to inform future decisions on sludge treatment processes of the insoluble solids processed at the Hanford site.
‘Physically it was fine, I'd eat what normal people do. But it's never like this in my head’: A qualitative diary study of daily experiences of life in recovery from an eating disorder
Authors: McCombie Catherine , Ouzzane Hannah , Schmidt Ulrike , Lawrence Vanessa 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveHigh eating disorder (ED) relapse rates stress the need for clearer understanding around how recovery is experienced and maintained. Recent research endorses the concept of recovery as a process rather than an endpoint. This study aimed to investigate daily experiences of living in recovery from an ED.MethodFourteen participants who self‐identified as recovered from a formally diagnosed ED were recruited online. A qualitative diary app was used for data collection. Participants completed written or audio open‐ended diary entries every other day for 2 weeks describing their experiences, thoughts, and feelings. Diaries were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsFour themes were developed. ‘Ever‐present eating disordered thoughts’ highlights how pervasive these thoughts remain for participants. ‘Impact of social discourses’ unpacks the challenges of maintaining recovery while surrounded by unhelpful social discourses about food and body image. ‘Recovery is precarious’ highlights how a combination of stressors can build up to threaten recovery. ‘Finding balance in recovery’ illustrates the many ways participants try to manage their recovery each day.ConclusionsThe findings make it clear that living in recovery from an ED is a complex process that must be navigated daily. Recommendations for treatment and recovery support are discussed.
Real‐world evidence for oncological outcomes after radiotherapy or surgery for T1a‐T1b glottic squamous cell carcinoma: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Viani Gustavo Arruda , Moraes Fabio Ynoe , Marta Gustavo Nader , Kowalski Luiz Paulo , Gouveia Andre Guimaraes 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundCompare outcomes after surgery (S) or radiotherapy (RT) for T1a‐T1b glottic squamous cell carcinoma (T1GSCC) in a population‐based cohort study.MethodsPatients diagnosed with T1GSCC from 1999 to 2020 were identified from a public database. Clinical, demographic, and social data were extracted. Treatment and patient groups and subgroups were compared with log‐rank test, Cox proportional test, and propensity‐score matched (PSM).ResultsEight hundred and eighty‐eight patients with T1GSCC were included in the study, with a median follow‐up of 61 months. The 5‐ and 10‐year overall survival (OS) S versus RT were 76% versus 71% and 60% versus 52% (p = 0.02), respectively. In the subgroup analysis, S was associated with better OS for T1b, male, and public service patients (p < 0.05). In the PSM cohort of S versus RT with 110 patients each, there was no significant difference in the OS, CSS, and LC.ConclusionsT1GSCC has favorable outcomes with S or RT.
Effective of metastasis‐directed therapy for de novo metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A propensity score matched analysis
Authors: Liu Guo‐Ying , Li Zhuo , Chen Xiu‐Xing , Xia Wei‐Xiong , Yao He‐Rui , Xiang Yan‐Qun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveOur objective was to establish a prognostic model for patients with de novo metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) who received chemotherapy followed by locoregional radiotherapy (LRRT) to identify candidates for metastasis‐directed therapy (MDT).MethodsDe novo metastatic NPC patients who received chemotherapy followed by LRRT were enrolled. Propensity score matching (PSM) method was used to compare overall survival (OS) for patients receiving LRRT alone and MDT plus LRRT. We developed a predictive model to predict survival and estimate the outcome of stratified therapy and identify suitable candidates for MDT.ResultsA total of 107 patients received MDT plus LRRT and 178 received LRRT alone were enrolled. PSM analysis identified 107 patients in each cohort and showed that MDT plus LRRT was associated with a significant survival benefit (HR: 0.640; 95% CI, 0.29–0.956; p = 0.027). Based on five independent prognostic factors, including metastases number, serum lactate dehydrogenase, liver metastasis, C‐reactive protein, and tumor response, a prognostic model was established. All patients were stratified according to the prognostic score obtained by the prognostic model. In the low‐risk group, MDT plus LRRT group revealed a significant improvement for OS compared with LRRT alone group (5‐year OS, 69.9% vs. 57.8%, p = 0.020). However, no significant difference was observed between MDT plus LRRT group and LRRT alone in the high‐risk group (p = 0.75).ConclusionMDT plus LRRT was associated with improved OS in patients with de novo metastatic NPC, especially low‐risk patients identified with a newly developed prognostic model.
Health literacy profiles of medical students in an Australian Doctor of Medicine programme: A cross‐sectional study using the Health Literacy Questionnaire
Authors: Lane Margo , Dixon Robyn , Donald Ken J. , Ware Robert S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIssue AddressedWith the emerging focus on designing health‐literate organisations and health care systems, it is essential to understand the health literacy profiles of the medical workforce including medical students, as medical professionals play a key role in within these systems. Medical professionals contribute to good patient health outcomes through enabling access to appropriate health care, provision of quality health information and collaborative shared decision‐making, which are fundamental health literacy competencies. The aim of this study is to identify health literacy strengths and weaknesses of medical students enrolled in an Australian Doctor of Medicine programme.MethodsStudents from all 4 years of an Australian Doctor of Medicine programme were invited to complete an anonymous, online survey in January 2021. Health literacy profiles were identified using the 9‐domain, 44‐item multi‐dimensional Health Literacy Questionnaire, a validated tool which comprehensively evaluates health literacy strengths and weaknesses from diverse perspectives. Demographic characteristics and social attributes were also recorded. The results were compared with Australian Bureau of Statistics data.ResultsEighty‐six participants completed the survey. Most participants were female students (57%) who spoke English at home (88%) with tertiary‐educated fathers (60%) and resided in locations associated with high socioeconomic status during adolescence (61%). Males scored significantly higher in three domains which explored health information access and appraisal, and ability to actively engage with health care providers. Students’ scores were significantly lower than the Australian general population in Domain 6 (Ability to actively engage with health care providers) and Domain 7 (Navigating the health care system).ConclusionsMedical students’ health literacy profiles indicate areas of weakness in their ability to engage with health care providers and to navigate the health system. Medical educators will need to create opportunities to address these weaknesses within medical curricula. Gender differences identified in self‐rated ability to access and appraise health information requires further exploration.So What?Further understanding of health literacy profiles of medical students may influence design of medical school curricula.
Relationship between periodontitis and COVID‐19: A bidirectional two‐sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Song Jukun , Wu Yadong , Yin Xinhai , Zhang Junmei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsCoronavirus disease (COVID‐19) is a major danger to world health and has been linked to periodontitis in a number of epidemiological observational studies. However, it is unclear whether COVID‐19 causes periodontitis. COVID‐19's causal influence on periodontitis was determined using bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR).MethodsLarge‐scale COVID‐19 and periodontitis genome wide association study data were analyzed. Inverse variance weighting, MR‐Egger, weighted median, and MR‐PRESSO were used to estimate causal effects. Sensitivity studies were conducted using the Cochran's Q test, the MR‐Egger intercept test, the MR‐PRESSO, and the leave‐one‐out (LOO) analysis. Further investigation of potential mediating factors was performed using risk factor analysis.ResultsThe MR presented no causal relationship between periodontitis and hospitalization for COVID‐19 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.78–1.20; p = 0.76), vulnerability to COVID‐19 (OR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.88–1.21; p = 0.65), COVID‐19 disease severity (OR = 1.01, 95% CI 0.92–1.11; p = 0.81). Meanwhile, a noncausal effect of genetic hospitalization for COVID‐19, illness severity, and vulnerability to periodontitis was detected. Other MR methods yielded identical results to inverse variance weighting. According to sensitivity analysis, horizontal pleiotropy is unlikely to affect causal estimation.ConclusionPeriodontitis had no link to the risk of COVID‐19 hospitalization, susceptibility, or severity. However, the substance in COVID‐19 that is responsible for this effect must be studied further.