bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of myopia control interventions: A systematic review of 12 randomized control trials published between 2019 and 2021
Authors: Lanca Carla , Pang Chi Pui , Grzybowski Andrzej 
Published: March 2023

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the effectiveness of interventions to control myopia progression. In this systematic review, the primary outcomes were mean differences (MD) between treatment and control groups in myopia progression (D) and axial length (AL) elongation (mm).ResultsThe following interventions were found to be effective (p &lt; 0.001): highly aspherical lenslets (HAL, 0.80 D, 95% CI, 0.77–0.83; −0.35 mm, 95% CI −0.36 to −0.34), MiSight contact lenses (0.66 D, 95% CI, 0.63–0.69; −0.28 mm, 95% CI −0.29 to −0.27), low dose atropine 0.05% (0.54 D, 95% CI, 0.38–0.70; −0.21 mm, 95% CI-0.28 to −0.14), Biofinity +2.50 D (0.45 D, 95% CI, 0.29, 0.61; −0.24 mm, 95% CI −0.33 to −0.15), defocus incorporated multiple segments [DIMS] (0.44 D, 95% CI, 0.42–0.46; −0.34 mm, 95% CI −0.35 to −0.33) and ortho-k lenses (−0.24 mm, 95% CI −0.33 to −01.5).ConclusionLow-dose atropine 0.01% was not effective in reducing AL progression in two studies. Treatment efficacy with low-dose atropine of 0.05% showed good efficacy. Spectacles (HAL and DIMS) and contact lenses (MiSight and Biofinity) may confer a comparable treatment benefit compared to atropine, to slow myopia progression.
Minimally invasive spine surgery strategy for congenital cervicothoracic scoliosis in children: Less blood loss and shortened segmental fusions/fewer pedical screws
Authors: Zhiguo Zhou , Fan Liu , Yuanxue Lei , Xing Wu , Si Wang , Ruichen Li 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveTo explore the feasibility of a minimally invasive spine surgery strategy for congenital cervicothoracic scoliosis.Materials and methodsFrom April 2022 to August 2022 in the hospital, three patients with torticollis and/or shoulder imbalance due to a cervicothoracic hemivertebra were performed on by hemivertebra resection and short fusion of the adjacent vertebrae. Resection was operated by a posterior approach. The average age of three patients of surgery was 8 years 2 months and the mean follow-up period was 6 months. Radiographic assessments and cosmetic outcomes were documented on changes in measurements of segmental scoliosis, neck tilt, head shift, shoulder balance, and sagittal profiles.ResultsThe mean operating time of the procedure was 283 min and the instrumentation density was 1.5 pedicle screws per vertebra. The mean estimated blood loss was 257 ml, which was 20% less than the data described in various literatures. The mean segmental Cobb angle at the cervicothoracic deformity was 35.9° before surgery, 20.7° after surgery, and 16.3° at the latest follow-up, with a correction rate of 54.59%. Neck tilt decreased from 17.3° before surgery to 14.3° after surgery, and 11.7° at the latest follow-up, with a correction rate of 32.37%. T1 tilt improved from 16.5° before surgery to 12.9° after surgery, and 7.6° at the latest follow-up, with a correction rate of 53.94%. The clavicle angle improved from 4.8° before surgery to 3.1° after surgery, and 1.9° at the latest follow-up, with a correction rate of 60.42%. Head shift improved from 21.4 mm before surgery to 9.2 mm after surgery, and 12.3 mm at the latest follow-up, with a correction rate of 42.52%. The correction of torticollis and shoulder asymmetry was achieved in all cases.ConclusionsMinimally invasive spine surgery strategy may be an option for congenital cervicothoracic scoliosis. A good correction of cervicothoracic dissymmetry is achieved, accompanied by fewer pedicle screws and less blood loss. By deliberate operation in young kids, surgical intervention for severe compensatory curves can be prevented.
Bacillus subtilis and Pichia farinose mixture improves growth performance and nutrient absorption capacity in broiler chicks
Authors: Wang Huan , Fu Lu , Zhang Jian Ying , Kim In Ho 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionThis study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis and Pichia farinose mixture (BPM) on growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility, cecal bacteria counts, small intestinal morphology and digestive enzymes activities, and jejunal nutrient transporters gene expression in broiler chicks.MethodsA total of 768 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly Q18 assigned into 3 groups based on the initial body weight (42.00 ± 0.08 g). The experimental periods were 35 days. There were 16 replicates per group and 16 birds per cage. Dietary treatments included a basal diet supplemented with 0, 0.1, or 0.2% BPM to form CON, BPM0.1 (consisting Bacillus subtilis with 1.0 × 107 viable spore and Pichia farinose with 1.0 × 107 viable spore per kg diet), and BPM0.2 (consisting Bacillus subtilis with 2.0 × 107 viable spore and Pichia farinose with 2.0 × 107 viable spore per kg diet) groups.Results and discussionDietary supplementation of graded levels of BPM has positive effects on growth performance of broiler chicks, manifesting in the increase of body weight gain during days 1–35 as well as the decrease of feed conversion ratio during days 1–7, 21–35, and 1–35. Moreover, BPM supplementation positively improved ileal energy and crude protein digestibility, increased Lactobacillus counts, optimized intestinal morphology, enhanced intestinal digestive enzymes activities, and upregulated jejunal SGLT-1, GLUT-2, and PEPT-1 expression. Therefore, BPM supplementation improved growth performance of broiler chicks, which was partially related to the improvement in intestinal nutrient absorption capacity.
Basal and inducible Osterix expression reflect equine mesenchymal progenitor cell osteogenic capacity
Authors: Andrietti Antonella Liza Pantaleoni , Durgam Sushmitha S. , Naumann Brittany , Stewart Matthew 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionMesenchymal stem cells are characterized by their capacities for extensive proliferation through multiple passages and, classically, tri-lineage differentiation along osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic lineages. This study was carried out to compare osteogenesis in equine bone marrow-, synovium- and adipose-derived cells, and to determine whether osteogenic capacity is reflected in the basal expression of the critical osteogenic transcription factors Runx2 and Osterix.MethodsBone marrow, synovium and adipose tissue was collected from six healthy 2-year-old horses. Cells were isolated from these sources and expanded through two passages. Basal expression of Runx2 and Osterix was assessed in undifferentiated third passage cells, along with their response to osteogenic culture conditions.ResultsBone marrow-derived cells had significantly higher basal expression of Osterix, but not Runx2. In osteogenic medium, bone-marrow cells rapidly developed dense, multicellular aggregates that stained strongly for mineral and alkaline phosphatase activity. Synovial and adipose cell cultures showed far less matrix mineralization. Bone marrow cells significantly up-regulated alkaline phosphatase mRNA expression and enzymatic activity at 7 and 14 days. Alkaline phosphatase expression and activity were increased in adipose cultures after 14 days, although these values were less than in bone marrow cultures. There was no change in alkaline phosphatase in synovial cultures. In osteogenic medium, bone marrow cultures increased both Runx2 and Osterix mRNA expression significantly at 7 and 14 days. Expression of both transcription factors did not change in synovial or adipose cultures.DiscussionThese results demonstrate that basal Osterix expression differs significantly in progenitor cells derived from different tissue sources and reflects the osteogenic potential of the cell populations.
Pathogenicity of a novel bovine adenovirus type 3 with a natural deletion partial fiber gene in BALB/c mice
Authors: Li Qian , He Shufan , Zou Yuantong , Yue Hua , Tang Cheng , Liu Jie 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveA novel Bovine adenovirus type 3 (BAdV-3) with a natural deletion partial fiber gene was isolated in 2020 and named BO/YB24/17/CH. The objective of this study was to understand the pathogenicity of this virus.MethodsThiry-two 3-week-old BALB/c mice were divided into three experimental groups and a control group. Mice in the experimental groups were intranasally inoculated with virus, and mice in the control group were inoculated with MDBK cell supernatant. Mice were weighed and clinically examined daily for appearance of any clinical signs. Three infected mice and one control mouse were euthanized at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 days after inoculation. Tissue samples were collected for histopathological examination, immunohistochemical staining, and detection of the replication dynamics of virus.ResultsAll infected mice developed mild clinical signs such as lethargy, weight loss, loss of appetite, and a rough hair coat, and gross lesions were observed as pulmonary punctate hemorrhage, lobular atrophy and splenomegaly. Histopathological examination revealed thickening of alveolar septa and mildly dilated splenic nodules and blurred red-white medullary demarcation in the spleen. Immunohistochemical results further confirmed that the production of the above lesions was due to viral infection. Importantly, unlike previously reported BAdV-3 detection only in the lungs and trachea, this isolate could be detected in multiple organs such as the heart, liver, spleen, kidney, and even blood by virus isolation and titration and real-time PCR methods.Clinical significanceThis study provides further insight into the pathogenicity of the fiber region deletion strain BO/YB24/17/CH in BALB/c mice, which provides a reference for the prevention and control of BAdV-3 as well as the development of vaccines.
Circular ferroelectric tunnel junctions for the improvement of memory window and endurance
Authors: Kim Dong-Oh , Kim Changha , Kim Hyun-Min , Park Jonghyuk , Jeon Bosung , Kwon Daewoong , Choi Woo Young 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A circular ferroelectric tunnel junction (C-FTJ) is proposed for a larger memory window and better endurance than a conventional planar FTJ (P-FTJ). The electrical characteristics of the proposed C-FTJ are evaluated compared with a conventional P-FTJ by using device simulation. It is confirmed that C-FTJs have more excellent ferroelectric switching than P-FTJs because the electric field becomes more concentrated across the ferroelectric layer. Also, C-FTJs show better endurance because the electric field applied to the interfacial layer is alleviated.
Characterization of tunnel oxide passivated contact fabricated by sputtering and ion implantation technique
Authors: Yamaguchi Noboru , Li Shasha , Miyajima Shinsuke 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) structures using highly doped n-type polycrystalline silicon were fabricated using facing target sputtering and ion implantation techniques for a SiH4-free fabrication process of high-efficiency silicon solar cells. We investigated the structural and electrical properties of the highly doped n-type poly-Si layers to optimize the ion implantation process. We also investigated the surface passivation quality of our TOPCon structure. An effective carrier lifetime of 2.01 ms and an implied open circuit voltage of 704 mV were obtained for our sample annealed at 950 °C. The sample also exhibits a low contact resistance of 3.22 × 10−3 Ω cm−2. Our results open the way for SiH4-free fabrication of silicon solar cells with a TOPCon structure.
Assessment of Nocturnal and Daytime Sleep disturbances among Elderly Parkinsonism Patients in Baghdad City
Authors: Al-Ameri Maan Hameed Ibrahim 
Published: March 2023

Background: Sleep disturbances are one of the most common of the non-motor complications of Parkinson's disease (PD), and increase in frequency with advancing disease. As many as 98% of patients with PD may suffer at some time from nocturnal symptoms, that can disturb their sleep. The causes of sleep disturbance in PD are numerous, and many patients may have several factors that contribute. These disorders can be broadly categorized into those that involve nocturnal sleep and daytime manifestations such as excessive daytime sleepiness.
Objectives: To assess the levels of disturbances of nocturnal and daytime sleep of the Parkinson's disease patients in the city of Baghdad and to find out relationship between these levels and some demographic characteristics of patients.
Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted between the ninth of September, 2013 and 15th of December 2013. A purposive non-probability sample of 100 elderly patients who are diagnosed with Parkinson's disease andanother 75 aged matched healthy controls were recruited to participate in the study. To reach the objectives ofthis study a questionnaire was constructed. The present questionnaire consists of two parts; demographiccharacteristics; gender, age, and duration of illness; and 15 items as a part of Parkinson's disease Sleep Scale(PDSS) for measuring levels of sleep disturbances.
Results: The results indicate that all the patients with Parkinson's disease have different levels of sleepdisturbances: 55.0% with severe level, 32.0% with moderate level, and only 13.0% with mild level. There is asignificant association between levels of sleep disturbances and age and duration of illness. Also the resultsrevealed that there were a wide difference between the Parkinson's disease group and matched healthy controlgroup regarding the sub-categories of sleep disturbances.
Conclusions: The results of the study indicated that more than half of PD patients had severe level of sleepdisturbance; there were significant relationships between severity of sleep disturbances and age and duration ofdisease; and finally there was a difference between PD participants and matched controls group.
Recommendations: Establishing specialized centers which give daily cares for patients with Parkinson'sdisease, follow-up programs for each patient registered at these centers, and governmental financial supportfor those patients.
Extent of livelihood opportunity of the sericulture farmers in Kamrup district of Assam
Authors: Rabha Pulak , Dutta Lohit Ch. , Saikia Monimala , Barua Sajib , Saikia Hemanta 
Published: March 2023

The study was conducted with a sample of 120 sericulture farmers in Kamrup district of Assam in three development blocks viz. Bongaon, Boko and Chayani Borduwa. The study revealed that majority (43.33%) of the respondents belonged to middle age group, 36.67% were illiterate, 45.83% belonged to small size family and 69.17% had pucca house. In case of operational land holding majority (34.17%) of the respondents possessed small size of land holding, 33.95% had annual income ranging from Rs.75,001-1,00,000, 75.00% had medium level of extension contact, 61.67% had moderate level of risk bearing ability, 59.17% had moderate level of decision-making ability and only 23.33% had received training. Most of the respondents (35.00%) practiced “Sericulture +paddy+plantation crops” followed by “Sericulture+paddy+piggery" (15.83%) and “Sericulture+paddy+fruits” (12.50%) as their livelihood options. Education, family size, house type, operational land holding risk bearing ability and decision-making ability have significant relationship on livelihood options.
PRIORITIES OF FINANCIAL SUPPORT OF STATE INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES AND INVESTMENT POLICY IN GEORGIA
Authors: Zurab Nasaraia Zurab Nasaraia 
Published: March 2023

The article discusses current issues of financial support of state investment activities and investment policy, analysis of current practice and current situation. The study analyzes the financial and credit regulation of investments in Georgia and the relationship with the investment environment, its positive and negative aspects,the relationship of investment property financial decisions to a sequence of political, socio-economic and cultural factors, as well as challenges and opportunities in this area. The attention was focused on aspects such as: ensuring the stability of the macroeconomic and political environment, developing fiscal and monetary policies, taking into account the interests of the production sector, creating a transparent, efficient, stable and legal environment, removing bureaucratic and corruption barriers, revitalizing the work of agencies promoting investment activities.
Moreover, there are estimated "SWOT factors" strengths and weaknesses of the investment environment of Georgia, its capabilities and threats.
The author notes that Georgia will be able to interest investors in further expanding the production capacities in which they have already invested, only if it provides:
-	socio-economic stability within the country,
-	development of communication structures,
-	high level of education.
Georgia has such an important factor as cheap labor force (due to low qualification of workers and high level of unemployment), which is one of the decisive factors for placing investment funds in the country.
The author has focused on the growth of such financial resources in the structure of foreign investments, which will be directed to the restoration and development of production based on the state's interests. Improving the business institutional environment necessary for creating new industries, accelerating the process of economic liberalization and increasing the efficiency of the financial sector.
Keywords: investment environment, funds, credit rating, public debt, foreign investments, transport sector.
Radicalización digital: el efecto de las redes sociales en el extremismo político y el discurso del odio
Authors: Ríos Nicoli Brian Martin 
Published: March 2023

Las redes sociales propusieron un cambio total de paradigma en la forma de hacer marketing, networking, entretenimiento y, sobre todo, en la manera en la que se consume información, la cual, es de fiabilidad cuestionable. Esto puede afectar la percepción y la interacción de las personas, en entornos reales como virtuales. El propósito de este escrito es proporcionar un delineado global de la investigación sobre los roles que desempeñan las redes sociales en procesos de radicalización en línea.
Para analizar dicho efecto se utilizó el método de investigación documental a fin de realizar una revisión bibliográfica de diversos artículos publicados en bases de datos multidisciplinarias y específicas. Los resultados evidencian la conexión entre las redes sociales y el extremismo político, en el que algunas personas tienden a organizarse con otros individuos similares dentro del espectro político para formar diversos clústeres sociales conocidos para facilitar el populismo, la propaganda, el discurso del odio y la radicalización. La radicalización y el extremismo violento seguirán siendo motivo de preocupación. Como se muestra en este trabajo, hay desafíos considerables en la identificación de los factores que conducen a las personas por el camino de la radicalización y el cómo combatirlos.
Se concluye entonces, que las distintas redes sociales y herramientas en línea continuaran influyendo en las comunidades extremistas y los procesos de radicalización mediados digitalmente en el futuro próximo, lo cual demanda técnicas y herramientas de moderación más efectivas, tanto dentro como fuera de la internet.
États-Unis. Des négociations collectives sous contraintes dans le fret ferroviaire
Authors: Sauviat Catherine 
Published: March 2023

Le conflit dans le fret ferroviaire qui a eu lieu dans la seconde moitié de l’année 2022, à l’occasion du renouvellement de la convention collective de branche, a non seulement porté sur les salaires mais aussi et surtout sur les conditions de travail (notamment sur les congés maladie rémunérés). Ce conflit a pris un tour spécifique dans la mesure où les négociations collectives dans le secteur sont régies par le Railway Labor Act (RLA). En vertu de cette loi qui date de 1926 et face à l’impasse des négociations et de la médiation fédérale, le Président Joe Biden s’est résolu à faire intervenir le Congrès, déniant de fait l’exercice du droit de grève aux nombreux travailleurs syndiqués du secteur.
Suisse. Renonciation à l’enregistrement du temps de travail : quelles mesures de protection de la santé ?
Authors: Cianferoni Nicola 
Published: March 2023

En Suisse, la renonciation à l’enregistrement du temps de travail implique pour les employeurs l’obligation, d’une part, de négocier avec les partenaires sociaux des mesures compensatoires visant à garantir la protection de la santé ; et, d’autre part, de mettre en place un service interne chargé des questions relevant de la durée du travail. Cet article propose une discussion critique de ces dispositifs tels qu’ils apparaissent dans les conventions collectives de travail en vue de proposer quelques pistes pour une protection de la santé plus efficace.
La famille monoparentale, une fiction destructrice parmi d’autres. La polarité des responsabilités parentales, régulateur des compétences professionnelles
Authors: Lemaire Jean-Marie 
Published: March 2023

Actuellement, les jeunes générations, les fratries d’enfants, s’inscrivent toujours, quels que soient les genres impliqués dans leur naissance, dans une perspective transgénérationnelle complexe et polarisée. Un tel constat entre en contradiction avec les modes de qualification (monoparentale) de nombreuses familles en détresses multiples dans lesquelles un des deux parents assume toute la responsabilité de l’attention quotidienne aux enfants. Les bénéfices associés à cette qualification rendent inconfortable sa contestation pourtant nécessaire à l’équilibre des pouvoirs d’agir entre l’institution familiale et les institutions de l’aide, du soin, de l’éducation et du contrôle. Les « Cliniques de Concertation » dispositif thérapeutique, de recherche et de formation au service du Travail Thérapeutique de Réseau tentent de réduire ce type d’inconfort déconcertant.
Regard psychanalytique sur l’homoparentalité gay : enjeux psychiques du recours à la gestation pour autrui (GPA)
Authors: Naziri Despina 
Published: March 2023

L’objectif de cet article est la présentation des principales données d’une étude clinique d’orientation psychanalytique portant sur les représentations de la fonction parentale des couples des pères gays ayant eu accès à la parentalité grâce au recours à la Gestation pour Autrui (GPA). La revue de la littérature francophone et anglo-saxonne relative à l’expérience des hommes gays de devenir parents à travers la GPA mais surtout la référence à nos travaux précédents portant sur l’accès à la parentalité des couples lesbiens, permet de situer le contexte théorique et méthodologique de la recherche actuelle. À travers la présentation de deux vignettes cliniques qui illustrent l’analyse des entretiens réalisés avec 12 couples d’hommes gays et un père célibataire, l’article explore la construction et la réalisation du projet de parentalité au sein du couple (le vécu de la conception de l’enfant par GPA, de la grossesse et de l’accouchement) ainsi que des liens tissés entre les parents et les tiers de procréation (donneuse d’ovocytes et gestatrice) ainsi qu’avec leurs enfants. Certaines thématiques ont particulièrement retenu notre attention : le désir fervent de ces hommes de devenir parents ; la représentation du féminin et du maternel des pères gays en lien avec la place attribuée à la gestatrice dans la réalité et au niveau du fantasme ; l’analyse des facteurs qui permettent aux pères d’occuper avec grande conviction la place d’un parent suffisamment bon vis-à-vis de leurs enfants.