bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomy of Mode-1 Internal Solitary Waves Derived From Seaglider Observations in the Northern South China Sea
Authors: Yang Kai-Chieh , Jan Sen , Yang Yiing Jang , Chang Ming-Huei , Wang Joe , Wang Shih-Hong , Ramp Steven R. , Reeder D. Benjamin , Ko Dong S. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Observations from a Seaglider, two pressure-sensor-equipped inverted echo sounders (PIESs), and a thermistor chain (T-chain) mooring were used to determine the waveform and timing of internal solitary waves (ISWs) over the continental slope east of Dongsha Atoll. The Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) and Dubreil–Jacotin–Long (DJL) equations supplemented the data from repeated profiling by the glider at a fixed position (depth ∼1017 m) during 19–24 May 2019. The glider-recorded pressure perturbations were used to compute the rarely measured vertical velocity (w) with a static glider flight model. After removing the internal tide–caused vertical velocity, the w of the eight mode-1 ISWs ranged from −0.35 to 0.36 m s−1 with an uncertainty of ±0.005 m s−1 due to turbulent oscillations and measurement error. The horizontal velocity profiles, wave speeds, and amplitudes of the eight ISWs were further derived from the KdV and DJL equations using the glider-observed w and potential density profiles. The mean speed of the corresponding ISW from the PIES deployed at ∼2000 m depth to the T-chain moored at 500 m depth and the 19°C isotherm displacement computed from the T-chain were used to validate the waveform derived from KdV and DJL. The validation suggests that the DJL equation provides reasonably representative wave speed and amplitude for the eight ISWs compared to the KdV equation. Stand-alone glider data provide near-real-time hydrography and vertical velocities for mode-1 ISWs and are useful for characterizing the anatomy of ISWs and validating numerical simulations of these waves.

Significance Statement
Internal solitary waves (ISWs), which vertically displace isotherms by approximately 100 m, considerably affect nutrient pumping, turbulent mixing, acoustic propagation, underwater navigation, bedform generation, and engineering structures in the ocean. A complete understanding of their anatomy and dynamics has many applications, such as predicting the timing and position of mode-1 ISWs and evaluating their environmental impacts. To improve our understanding of these waves and validate the two major theories based on the Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) and Dubreil–Jacotin–Long (DJL) equations, the hydrography data collected from stand-alone, real-time profiling of an autonomous underwater vehicle (Seaglider) have proven to be useful in determining the waveform of these transbasin ISWs in deep water. The solutions to the DJL equation show good agreement with the properties of mode-1 ISWs obtained from the rare in situ data, whereas the solutions to the KdV equation underestimate these properties. Seaglider observations also provide in situ data to evaluate the performance of numerical simulations and forecasting of ISWs in the northern South China Sea.
A Novel Doppler Unfolding Technique Using Optical Flow
Authors: Protat Alain , Louf Valentin , Curtis Mark 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Doppler radars measure Doppler velocity within the [−VN, VN] range, where VN is the Nyquist velocity. Doppler velocities outside this range are “folded” within this interval. All Doppler “unfolding” techniques use the folded velocities themselves. In this work, we investigate the potential of using velocities derived from optical flow techniques applied to the radar reflectivity field for that purpose. The analysis of wind speed errors using six months of multi-Doppler wind retrievals showed that 99.9% of all points are characterized by errors smaller than 26 m s−1 below 5-km height, corresponding to a failure rate of less than 0.1% if optical flow winds were used to unfold Doppler velocities for VN = 26 m s−1. These errors largely increase above 5-km height, indicating that vertical continuity tests should be included to reduce failure rates at higher elevations. Following these results, we have developed the Two-step Optical Flow Unfolding (TOFU) technique, with the specific objective to accurately unfold Doppler velocities with VN = 26 m s−1. The TOFU performance was assessed using challenging case studies, comparisons with an advanced Doppler unfolding technique using higher Nyquist velocities, and 6 months of high VN (47.2 m s−1) data artificially folded to 26 m s−1. TOFU failure rates were found to be very low. Three main situations contributed to these errors: high low-level wind shear, elevated cloud layers associated with high winds, and radar data artifacts. Our recommendation is to use these unfolded winds as the first step of advanced Doppler unfolding techniques.

Significance Statement
The potential of using optical flow winds operationally to accurately unfold Doppler velocities is demonstrated in this work. The operational significance is that the Nyquist velocity can confidently be reduced to 26 m s−1, allowing for extended first trip radar maximum range and reduced contamination from dual pulse repetition frequency artifacts.
Biases and Skill of Four Two-Moment Bulk Microphysics Schemes in Convection-Allowing Forecasts for the 2018 Hazardous Weather Testbed Spring Forecasting Experiment Period
Authors: Johnson Marcus , Xue Ming , Jung Youngsun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A proof-of-concept systematic evaluation of convective hazards is applied to short-term (1–6 h) forecasts using the Morrison, National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL), Predicted Particle Properties (P3), and Thompson two-moment microphysics schemes for the 2018 NOAA Hazardous Weather Testbed Spring Forecasting Experiment (HWT SFE) period (hereafter “MORR,” “NSSL,” “P3,” and “THOM” experiments, respectively). Four convective line cases are highlighted to elaborate on relative experiment biases/skill. Composite reflectivity and 1-h accumulated precipitation are examined to determine storm coverage/precipitation biases/skill utilizing point-based verification with a neighborhood. Simulated 1–6-km updraft helicity and observed 3–6-km azimuthal shear and MESH are examined to consider simulated rotation and hail core prediction with object-based scores. Over the full season, MORR displays little overall storm coverage bias relative to NSSL, P3, and THOM underprediction. The equitable threat score (ETS) and fractions skill score (FSS) of P3 are lower than the other experiments. P3 and THOM underpredict convective regions with intense reflectivity relative to MORR and NSSL overprediction. All experiments underpredict precipitation amounts. P3 light precipitation FSS is lower than other experiments. Rotation object verification exhibits sensitivity to microphysics experiments, as microphysics has an indirect influence on storm dynamics. While P3 has the largest hail object underprediction, all experiments grossly overpredict the number of hail objects in convective line cases despite forecast objects defined with the same product (MESH) and threshold as observations. The importance of microphysics ice parameterization and ongoing scheme updates highlight the need to apply this verification framework to optimal/updated schemes before optimizing ensemble design.
Comparing Polarimetric Signatures of Proximate Pretornadic and Nontornadic Supercells in Similar Environments
Authors: Healey Devon J. , Van Den Broeke Matthew S. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
While prior research has shown that characteristics of the supercell environment can indicate the likelihood of tornadogenesis, it is common for tornadic and nontornadic supercells to coexist in seemingly similar environments. Thus, some small-scale factors must support tornadogenesis in some supercells and not in others. In this study we examined polarimetric radar signatures of proximate pretornadic and nontornadic supercells in seemingly similar environments to determine if these radar signatures can indicate which proximate supercells are pretornadic and which are nontornadic. We gathered a collection of proximity supercell groups and developed a method to quantify environmental similarity between storms. Using this method, we selected pretornadic–nontornadic supercell pairs in close proximity in space and time having the most similar environments. These pairs were run through an automated tracking algorithm that quantifies polarimetric signatures in each supercell. Supercells with larger differential reflectivity (ZDR) column areas were more likely to become tornadic within the next 30 min compared to neighboring supercells with smaller ZDR column areas. In about two-thirds of pairs, the pretornadic supercell had a larger ZDR column area than the nontornadic supercell prior to its maximum low-level rotation, which is consistent with much prior work. The ZDR arcs could not discriminate between pretornadic and nontornadic supercells, and hailfall area was larger in pretornadic supercells. The separation distance between the specific differential phase (KDP) foot and the ZDR arc was larger in pretornadic supercells, yet was a limited result due to the small sample size used for comparison.

Significance Statement
Atmospheric conditions often indicate whether certain thunderstorms will produce tornadoes. However, sometimes multiple thunderstorms exist in a similar environment, and some produce tornadoes while others do not. Weather radar can identify signatures within thunderstorms that may give some indication of vertical motion, size sorting, and precipitation distributions. When multiple thunderstorms exist in a similar environment, there may be differences in these radar signatures that may indicate which thunderstorms are most likely to become tornadic. The key finding from this study is that pretornadic storms have larger radar-inferred updraft areas than neighboring nontornadic storms.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Openness to Communication From Local Faith-Based Congregations During Public Health Emergencies
Authors: Santibañez Scott , Allen Elizabeth M. , Hairston Symone , Santibanez Tammy A. , Jeon Seonghye , Hayman Kimberly 
Published: August 2023

Objectives: During public health emergencies, people at risk of exposure or illness will likely be presented with extensive information about an unfamiliar topic and be asked to make decisions quickly. In difficult situations, people often turn to trusted leaders, including from their local faith-based congregation (FBC). We examined how people receive, interpret, and respond to health communication information from clergy and lay leaders from their local FBC during public health emergencies. Methods: We analyzed responses to 10 questions from a 2021 nationally representative US survey. Porter Novelli designed the survey and administered it to 4510 US adults aged ≥18 years, of whom 3553 people completed the survey. We examined sociodemographic characteristics, trust of health information from clergy and lay leaders, and willingness to engage in health behaviors recommended by their FBC and receive health services through their local FBC. All estimates were weighted. We conducted bivariate analysis with contrast t tests for proportions at α = .05. Results: More than half of adults (55.4%), including 65.8% of non-Hispanic Black and 58.8% of Hispanic or Latino adults, were members of an FBC. Among FBC members, a higher percentage of Hispanic or Latino (29.1%) and non-Hispanic Black (36.3%) adults than non-Hispanic White adults (20.4%) reported trust in their FBC for health information ( P < .05). This trust translated into greater intent to engage in health behaviors promoted by the local FBC among non-Hispanic Black respondents (31.4%) compared with non-Hispanic White respondents (22.5%) ( P < .05). Conclusions: Public health officials can consider ways to better understand how the cultures and practices of populations being served influence people’s health perceptions and behaviors. Collaboration between federal, state, and local public health officials and FBCs can promote health equity during public health emergencies.
Depression and anxiety in patients with hemophilia A and B
Authors: Koseoglu Fatos D , Zuhal Demirci , Onen-Sertoz Ozen , Fahri Sahin 
Published: August 2023

Objective This study described the prevalence of and correlates of depression and anxiety in adult patients with hemophilia A and B. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we investigated patients with hemophilia who were being seen at an adult hemophilia center in Turkey. Participants were screened for depression and anxiety during their annual clinic visit, which included administration of the Beck Depression Inventory and State-Trait Anxiety Scale. Results Of the 90 patients, 22 (24.4%) met criteria for significant depressive symptoms and 67 (74.4%) met criteria for significant anxiety symptoms. There were no significant associations between depression and any psychosocial or clinical characteristics or adherence to hemophilia prophylaxis, except for educational status. No association was found between state and trait anxiety scores and psychosocial and clinical characteristics other than hemophilia type. After adjusting for confounding factors, multivariable analysis showed that high school education level was associated with depression (OR: 1.87, CI: 1.31–2.36, P = .010) and type B hemophilia was associated with anxiety (OR: 1.32, CI: 1.09–1.75, P = .042). Conclusion Depression and anxiety are major psychiatric comorbidities in patients with hemophilia in Turkey. Routine evaluation for mood and anxiety disorders are important in the routine care of patients with haemophilia.
Applicability of IOTN Index for Quality Assessment of Orthodontic Treatment Difficulty
Authors: Alwakeel Reem , Barakah Deena 
Published: August 2023

Background Evaluating the need and assessing the severity of the problem help in concluding the actual need for orthodontic treatment. Many indices had been developed over the years for this purpose, and one of the most used indices is IOTN. This study was carried out for assessment of the grade of treatment difficulty utilizing the IOTN index for patients seeking orthodontic treatment at King Abdulaziz Dental Center, in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Random casts and digital photos of residents’ patients were collected, and statistical analysis afterward was performed for concluding the research results. Methods Fifty random samples were collected from seven residents who are attending King Abdulaziz Dental Center. Casts and photos were utilized for the IOTN components. The IOTN score and the incidence of each variable were calculated statistically by SPSS and Python’s libraries (Pandas, NumPy, and Matplotlib). AC and DHC categories were compared to assess the correlation by using the Chi-Square and Spearman’s correlation tests. Results Among 50 participants, 24% do not need or have a slight need for the treatment, 42% expresses a moderate need for the treatment, and 34% actually need the treatment in regard to esthetic component. As for the dental component, 10% do not need or have a slight need for the treatment, 26% express a moderate need for the treatment, and 64% need the treatment. Spearman’s correlation test proved a correlation ( r = 0.861) between the two components. AC and DHC comparison showed significant differences ( p < .001). Conclusion IOTN index is a valid index for screening the patients’ need for orthodontic treatment. The application of IOTN index concluded that moderate to severe need for orthodontic treatment is required for patients attending King Abdulaziz Dental Center. Adapting such a simple way through applying this index by utilizing the casts, X-rays, and digital photographs can save time and effort. However, more trials are needed to evaluation of this technique’s accuracy.
Prediction of Retear After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair Based on Intraoperative Arthroscopic Images Using Deep Learning
Authors: Cho Sung-Hyun , Kim Yang-Soo 
Published: August 2023

Background: It is challenging to predict retear after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR). The usefulness of arthroscopic intraoperative images as predictors of the ARCR prognosis has not been analyzed. Purpose: To evaluate the usefulness of arthroscopic images for the prediction of retear after ARCR using deep learning (DL) algorithms. Study Design: Cohort study (Diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: In total, 1394 arthroscopic intraoperative images were retrospectively obtained from 580 patients. Repaired tendon integrity was evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging performed within 2 years after surgery. Images obtained immediately after ARCR were included. We used 3 DL architectures to predict retear based on arthroscopic images. Three pretrained DL algorithms (VGG16, DenseNet, and Xception) were used for transfer learning. Training and test sets were split into 8:2. Threefold stratified validation was used to fine-tune the hyperparameters using the training data set. The validation results of each fold were evaluated. The performance of each model in the test set was evaluated in terms of accuracy, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), F1-score, sensitivity, and specificity. Results: In total, 1138 and 256 arthroscopic images were obtained from 514 patients and 66 patients in the nonretear and retear groups, respectively. The mean validation accuracy of each model was 83% for VGG16, 89% for Xception, and 91% for DenseNet. The accuracy for the test set was 76% for VGG16, 87% for Xception, and 91% for DenseNet. The AUC was highest for DenseNet (0.92); it was 0.83 for VGG16 and 0.91 for Xception. For the test set, the specificity and sensitivity were 0.93 and 0.84 for DenseNet, 0.89 and 0.84 for Xception, and 0.70 and 0.80 for VGG16, respectively. Conclusion: The application of DL algorithms to intraoperative arthroscopic images has demonstrated a high level of accuracy in predicting retear occurrences.
A Scoping Review of Interventions to Improve Occupational Safety and Health of Construction Workers
Authors: Hayashi Hana , Li Yue , Sussman David D. , Okuzono Sakurako , Viswanath Kasisomayajula , Kawachi Ichiro 
Published: August 2023

Objective This review comprehensively examines interventions which sought to improve the occupational safety and/or health of construction workers. Factors that explain the (in)effectiveness of interventions were also summarized. Data Source This review consisted of a search using two electronic databases, PubMed and Web of Science. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria Targeted workers in the construction industry; had at least one primary outcome that aimed to improve occupational safety and/or health; were published between January 01, 1990 and December 01, 2019; and were written in English. Data Extraction and Synthesis Two researchers independently carried out the process of reviewing the titles, abstracts and full texts, and extracted all data. If there were differences, discussions were held until a consensus was reached. Results A total of 1297 articles were retrieved and 24 were selected for final evaluation. Seventeen studies reported significant intervention effects, while 7 found their primary outcome not significantly improved. Conclusion Future research should place more effort on interventions aimed at improving both occupational safety and health outcomes in an integrated manner, with environmental interventions that accompany behavioral interventions at the individual level. Besides, additional effort is also needed to ensure the involvement of relevant stakeholders in designing the intervention, avoiding contamination effects (through cluster randomization), optimizing the “dosage” of intervention, and improving measurement of outcomes.
Does the Etiology, Phenomenology and Motor Subtype of Delirium Differ When It Occurs in Patients With An Underlying Dementia?: A Multi-Site, International Study
Authors: Glynn Kevin , McKenna Frank , Lally Kevin , Grover Sandeep , Chakrabarti Subho , Mattoo Surendra K. , Avasthi Ajita , Sharma Akhilesh , Adamis Dimitrios , Awan Fahad , Dunne Colum P. , McFarland John , Jabbar Faiza , O’Connell Henry , Leonard Maeve , Meagher David J. 
Published: August 2023

Objectives To compare the etiology, phenomenology and motor subtype of delirium in patients with and without an underlying dementia. Methods A combined dataset (n = 992) was collated from two databases of older adults (>65 years) from liaison psychiatry and palliative care populations in Ireland and India. Phenomenology and severity of delirium were analysed using the Delirium Symptom Rating Scale Revised (DRS-R98) and contributory etiologies for the delirium groups were ascertained using the Delirium Etiology Checklist (DEC). Delirium motor subtype was documented using the abbreviated version of the Delirium Motor Subtype Scale (DMSS4). Results Delirium superimposed on dementia (DSD) showed greater impairment in short term memory, long term memory and visuospatial ability than the delirium group but showed significantly less perceptual disturbance, temporal onset and fluctuation. Systemic infection, cerebrovascular and other Central nervous system etiology were associated with DSD while metabolic disturbance, organ insufficiency and intracranial neoplasm were associated with the delirium only group. Conclusion The etiology and phenomenology of delirium differs when it occurs in the patient with an underlying dementia. We discuss the implications in terms of identification and management of this complex condition.
Investigation of Neuroprotective Effects of Sulforaphane and Allyl Isothiocyanate in an in vitro Alzheimer’s Disease Model
Authors: Hacet Fatma , Becer Eda , Vatansever Hafize Seda , Yücecan Sevinç 
Published: August 2023

Background This study aimed to establish an in vitro model of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) to investigate the neuroprotective activities of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and sulforaphane (SFN). Materials and Methods Human neuroblastoma cell lines (SKNAS) were used for the in vitro model of AD after amyloid-β25−35 (Aβ25–35) treatment. Cytotoxicity analysis was performed using the (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. Indirect immunocytochemical methods were used to assess the tau protein, alpha-synuclein (α-synuclein), and β-amyloid distribution in the in vitro model of AD and SKNAS cells. Results An in vitro AD model was induced by treatment of SKNAS cells with 1 µM of Aβ25–35 for 48 h. AITC and SFN were applied for 48 h, and the optimal concentrations were determined as 50 µM AITC and 15 µM SFN. Reduced tau immunoreactivity was shown after AITC and SFN administration in SKNAS cells and in vitro models, demonstrating that AITC and SFN prevented amyloid plaque production in the in vitro AD model control group by reducing the β-amyloid level, α-synuclein levels were similar in control and in vitro AD model cells. Reduced α-synuclein levels were observed after SFN treatment in the AD model cells and AITC treatment in the control cells. Conclusion It could be concluded that AITC and SFN are potential components as neuroprotective agents against AD.