bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inverse modeling application for aquifer parameters estimation using a precise simulation–optimization model
Authors: Sahranavard Hamed , Mohtashami Ali , Mohtashami Ehsan , Akbarpour Abolfazl 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this research, a simulation–optimization (S/O) model is used in order to estimate aquifer parameters on two aquifers. In this model, meshless local Petrov–Galerkin (MLPG) is used for simulation purpose and modified teaching–learning-based optimization (MTLBO) algorithm is engaged as optimization model. Linking these two powerful models generates a S/O model named MLPG-MTLBO. The proposed model is applied on two aquifers: a standard and a real field aquifer. In standard aquifer, parameters are only transmissivity coefficients in x and y direction for three zones. The acquired results by MLPG-MTLBO are really close to true values. This fact presents the power of MLPG-MTLBO inverse model. Therefore, it is applied on field aquifer. Unconfined aquifer of Birjand recognized as real case study. Parameters which are needed to be estimated are specific yields and hydraulic conductivity coefficients. These parameters are computed by MLPG-MTLBO and entered to the groundwater flow model. The achieved groundwater table compared with observation data and RMSE is calculated. RMSE value is 0.356 m; however, this error criterion for MLPG and FDM is 0.757 m and 1.197 m, respectively. This means that estimation is precise and makes the RMSE to reduce from 0.757 to 0.356 m, and also, MLPG-MTLBO is an accurate model for this aim.
Thin film hydration versus modified spraying technique to fabricate intranasal spanlastic nanovesicles for rasagiline mesylate brain delivery: Characterization, statistical optimization, and in vivo pharmacokinetic evaluation
Authors: Ali Mohamed Mahmoud , Shoukri Raguia Aly , Yousry Carol 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRasagiline mesylate (RM) is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor that is commonly used to alleviate the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. However, it suffers from low oral bioavailability due to its extensive hepatic metabolism in addition to its hydrophilic nature which limits its ability to pass through the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and reach the central nervous system where it exerts its pharmacological effect. Thus, this study aims to form RM-loaded spanlastic vesicles for intranasal (IN) administration to overcome its hepatic metabolism and permit its direct delivery to the brain. RM-loaded spanlastics were prepared using thin film hydration (TFH) and modified spraying technique (MST). A 23factorial design was constructed to study and optimize the effects of the independent formulation variables, namely, Span type, Span: Brij 35 ratio, and sonication time on the vesicles᾽ characteristics in each preparation technique. The optimized system prepared using MST (MST 2) has shown higher desirability factor with smaller PS and higher EE%; thus, it was selected for further in vivo evaluation where it revealed that the extent of RM distribution from the intranasally administered spanlastics to the brain was comparable to that of the IV drug solution with significantly high brain-targeting efficiency (458.47%). These results suggest that the IN administration of the optimized RM-loaded spanlastics could be a promising, non-invasive alternative for the efficient delivery of RM to brain tissues to exert its pharmacological activities without being dissipated to other body organs which subsequently may result in higher pharmacological efficiency and better safety profile.Graphical Abstract
Accurate trajectory tracking control with adaptive neural networks for omnidirectional mobile robots subject to unmodeled dynamics
Authors: da Silva Lima Gabriel , Moreira Victor Ramon Firmo , Bessa Wallace Moreira 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOmnidirectional mobile robots have gained a lot of attention in recent years due to their maneuverability capabilities. However, ensuring accurate trajectory tracking with this class of robots is still challenging control system designers. In this work, a novel intelligent controller is introduced for accurate trajectory tracking of omnidirectional robots subject to unstructured uncertainties. An adaptive neural network is adopted within a Lyapunov-based nonlinear control scheme to deal with frictional forces and other unmodeled dynamics or external disturbances that may occur. Online learning, rather than supervised offline training, is employed to allow the robot to learn on its own how to compensate for uncertainties and disturbances by interacting with the environment. The adoption of a combined error signal as the single input in the neural network significantly reduces the computational complexity of the disturbance compensation scheme and enables the resulting intelligent controller to be implemented in the embedded hardware of mobile robots. The boundedness and convergence properties of the proposed control scheme are proved by means of a Lyapunov-like stability analysis. The effectiveness of the proposed intelligent controller is numerically evaluated and experimentally validated using an omnidirectional mobile robot. The comparative analyses of the obtained results show that the adoption of an intelligent compensation scheme based on adaptive neural networks allows reductions of more than $$95\%$$

95
%

in the tracking error, thus guaranteeing an accurate tracking and confirming the great superiority of the proposed control strategy.
Porous space — biomimetic of tafoni in computational design
Authors: Ye Wei , Chen Shuhua , Zhao Xiayu , Xu Weiguo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPorous urban spaces not only improve interactions, but also increase natural ventilation. Weathered rocks are where porous spaces exist in nature. This paper investigates the biomimicry of tafoni, a type of weathered rock that contains pores of varying sizes. The formation of tafoni inspires architectural design, but its complex shape makes manual modeling challenging. The objective of studying the biomimetics of tafoni is to apply its benefits to design applications. Using biomimetic techniques, computation algorithms for tafoni morphogenesis are developed. This paper investigates the inherent characteristics of tafoni and reclassifies them based on architectural geometric elements. It then describes the reclassified tafoni and explains the formation process. This paper develops a 3D evolutionary algorithm and a 2.5D descriptive algorithm based on diagrams. After a comparison, the 2.5D algorithm is chosen because it is more controllable and operable for computational design. This paper also conducts experiments on the results obtained by the 2.5D algorithm to demonstrate its adaptability and architectural design application potential, as well as its application schemes in various design disciplines, including urban planning, architectural design, and landscape design. This paper proposes an algorithm that can be utilized in various fields of computational design. It is computationally efficient while retaining its biological form.
Parabrachial-to-parasubthalamic nucleus pathway mediates fear-induced suppression of feeding in male mice
Authors: Nagashima Takashi , Tohyama Suguru , Mikami Kaori , Nagase Masashi , Morishima Mieko , Kasai Atsushi , Hashimoto Hitoshi , Watabe Ayako M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFeeding behavior is adaptively regulated by external and internal environment, such that feeding is suppressed when animals experience pain, sickness, or fear. While the lateral parabrachial nucleus (lPB) plays key roles in nociception and stress, neuronal pathways involved in feeding suppression induced by fear are not fully explored. Here, we investigate the parasubthalamic nucleus (PSTN), located in the lateral hypothalamus and critically involved in feeding behaviors, as a target of lPB projection neurons. Optogenetic activation of lPB-PSTN terminals in male mice promote avoidance behaviors, aversive learning, and suppressed feeding. Inactivation of the PSTN and lPB-PSTN pathway reduces fear-induced feeding suppression. Activation of PSTN neurons expressing pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), a neuropeptide enriched in the PSTN, is sufficient for inducing avoidance behaviors and feeding suppression. Blockade of PACAP receptors impaires aversive learning induced by lPB-PSTN photomanipulation. These findings indicate that lPB-PSTN pathway plays a pivotal role in fear-induced feeding suppression.
Polarity and chirality control of an active fluid by passive nematic defects
Authors: Sciortino Alfredo , Neumann Lukas J. , Krüger Timo , Maryshev Ivan , Teshima Tetsuhiko F. , Wolfrum Bernhard , Frey Erwin , Bausch Andreas R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMuch like passive materials, active systems can be affected by the presence of imperfections in their microscopic order, called defects, that influence macroscopic properties. This suggests the possibility to steer collective patterns by introducing and controlling defects in an active system. Here we show that a self-assembled, passive nematic is ideally suited to control the pattern formation process of an active fluid. To this end, we force microtubules to glide inside a passive nematic material made from actin filaments. The actin nematic features self-assembled half-integer defects that steer the active microtubules and lead to the formation of macroscopic polar patterns. Moreover, by confining the nematic in circular geometries, chiral loops form. We find that the exact positioning of nematic defects in the passive material deterministically controls the formation and the polarity of the active flow, opening the possibility of efficiently shaping an active material using passive defects.
Flow dynamics through discontinuous clogs of rigid particles in tapered microchannels
Authors: Majekodunmi Olukayode T. , Hashmi Sara M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSuspended particles flowing through complex porous spaces exhibit clogging mechanisms determined by factors including their size, deformability, and the geometry of the confinement. This study describes the clogging of rigid particles in a microfluidic device made up of parallel microchannels that taper from the inlet to the outlet, where the constriction width is approximately equal to the particle size. This converging geometry summarizes the dynamics of clogging in flow channels with constrictions that narrow over multiple length scales. Our novel approach allows the investigation of suspension flow dynamics in confined systems where clogs are formed both by sieving and bridging mechanisms simultaneously. Here, flow tests are conducted at constant driving pressures for different particle volume fractions, and a power-law decay which appears to be peculiar to the channels’ tapered geometry is observed in all cases. Compared to non-tapered channels, the power-law behavior shows flowrate decay is significantly weaker in tapered channels. This weaker flowrate decay is explained by the formation of discontinuous clogs within each channel. Micrographs of the clogged channels reveal clogs do not grow continuously from their initial positions around the channels’ outlet. Rather, new clogs spanning the width of the channel at their points of inception are successively formed as the cake grows toward the inlet area in each microchannel. The results show changes in particle volume fraction at constant driving pressure affect the clogging rate without impacting the underlying dynamics. Unexpectedly, analyses of the particles packing behavior in the microchannels, and post-clogging permeability of the microfluidic devices, reveal the presence of two distinct regimes of driving pressure, though only a small portion of the total device volume and channels surface area are occupied by clogs, regardless of the particle volume fraction. This novel investigation of discontinuous clogging over multiple particle diameters provides unique insights into additional mechanisms to control flow losses in filtration and other confined systems.
Effectiveness of an adapted physical activity intervention on health-related physical fitness in adolescents with intellectual disability: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sun Yan , Yu Siyue , Wang Aiwei , Chan Hardaway Chun-Kwan , Ou Alison Xiaoting , Zhang Dexing , Xie Yaojie , Fong Shirley S. M. , Gao Yang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the effects of an adapted physical activity (APA) intervention on health-related physical fitness (HRPF) in adolescents with intellectual disability (ID). With a randomized controlled trial design, adolescents aged 12–18 years, with mild and moderate ID, and being overweight and obese were recruited and randomly assigned to either an intervention or a control group. The APA intervention consisted of overall moderate intensity aerobic and resistance exercise, with a duration of 45 min/session, a frequency of 2 sessions/week, and lasting for 9 months. A negative control was involved, in which participants received no treatment. Changes in four fitness tests, including the 9-min run/walk, handgrip strength, 30-s sit-ups, and sit-and-reach tests, were assessed between the groups using general linear models. A total of 57 participants (39 in the intervention group and 18 in the control group) completed the study. Significant mean differences in changes in the 9-min run/walk test (413.6 m [95% CI 146.72 m, 680.41 m], p = 0.003) and the right-side sit-and-reach test (2.2 cm [95% CI 0.37 cm, 4.09 cm], p = 0.020) respectively were observed in the intervention group, compared to the control group. No significant between-group improvement was observed for the handgrip strength and the 30-s sit-ups tests. The APA intervention induced beneficial effects on cardiorespiratory fitness and potential beneficial effects on flexibility for adolescents with ID. However, no significant effects of this intervention on muscular strength and endurance were observed in this study. Future studies should consider involving effective exercises in interventions to improve muscular strength and endurance.
A minimally invasive fin scratching protocol for fast genotyping and early selection of zebrafish embryos
Authors: Venditti Martina , Pedalino Catia , Rosello Marion , Fasano Giulia , Serafini Malo , Revenu Céline , Del Bene Filippo , Tartaglia Marco , Lauri Antonella 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCurrent genetic modification and phenotyping methods in teleost fish allow detailed investigation of vertebrate mechanisms of development, modeling of specific aspects of human diseases and efficient testing of drugs at an organ/organismal level in an unparalleled fast and large-scale mode. Fish-based experimental approaches have boosted the in vivo verification and implementation of scientific advances, offering the quality guaranteed by animal models that ultimately benefit human health, and are not yet fully replaceable by even the most sophisticated in vitro alternatives. Thanks to highly efficient and constantly advancing genetic engineering as well as non-invasive phenotyping methods, the small zebrafish is quickly becoming a popular alternative to large animals’ experimentation. This approach is commonly associated to invasive procedures and increased burden. Here, we present a rapid and minimally invasive method to obtain sufficient genomic material from single zebrafish embryos by simple and precise tail fin scratching that can be robustly used for at least two rounds of genotyping already from embryos within 48 h of development. The described protocol betters currently available methods (such as fin clipping), by minimizing the relative animal distress associated with biopsy at later or adult stages. It allows early selection of embryos with desired genotypes for strategizing culturing or genotype–phenotype correlation experiments, resulting in a net reduction of “surplus” animals used for mutant line generation.
Multifunctional auxetic and honeycomb composites made of 3D woven carbon fibre preforms
Authors: El-Dessouky Hassan M. , McHugh Chris 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThree dimensional (3D) woven composites started to find applications in various industrial sectors, mainly in aerospace and with a potential in automotive. 3D-woven fabrics can be architected to form complex and near-net-shape preforms ready for automated composites manufacturing. The 3D-woven honeycomb fabric is designed to include additional functionality into finished composites, such as positive and negative Poisson's ratios. In this study, complex honeycomb architectures were created using various weave designs to demonstrate the effects of auxetic behaviours when manufactured into a composite structure. A Staubli 3D-weaving system equipped with Jacquard UNIVAL 100 and creel of 3072 6 k carbon fibre tows were used to weave the designed honeycomb architecture. With the aid of hard polyester foam inserts, the 3D-woven fabrics were converted to honeycomb and auxetic preforms. These preforms were infused using epoxy resin to manufacture a set of honeycomb and auxetic composite structures. In comparison with the baseline honeycomb structure, it is proven that the developed auxetic composites exhibited negative Poisson’s ratio of − 2.86 and − 0.12 in the case of tensile and compression tests respectively.
Trading contact tracing efficiency for finding patient zero
Authors: Waniek Marcin , Holme Petter , Farrahi Katayoun , Emonet Rémi , Cebrian Manuel , Rahwan Talal 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAs the COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated, identifying the origin of a pandemic remains a challenging task. The search for patient zero may benefit from the widely-used and well-established toolkit of contact tracing methods, although this possibility has not been explored to date. We fill this gap by investigating the prospect of performing the source detection task as part of the contact tracing process, i.e., the possibility of tuning the parameters of the process in order to pinpoint the origin of the infection. To this end, we perform simulations on temporal networks using a recent diffusion model that recreates the dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic. We find that increasing the budget for contact tracing beyond a certain threshold can significantly improve the identification of infected individuals but has diminishing returns in terms of source detection. Moreover, disease variants of higher infectivity make it easier to find the source but harder to identify infected individuals. Finally, we unravel a seemingly-intrinsic trade-off between the use of contact tracing to either identify infected nodes or detect the source of infection. This trade-off suggests that focusing on the identification of patient zero may come at the expense of identifying infected individuals.
Risk factors and prognostic implications of surgery-related strokes following resection of high-grade glioma
Authors: Berger Assaf , Tzarfati Garry Gali , Serafimova Marga , Valdes Pablo , Meller Aaron , Korn Akiva , Kahana Levy Naomi , Aviram Daniel , Ram Zvi , Grossman Rachel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSurgery-related strokes are an important cause of morbidity following resection of high-grade glioma (HGG). We explored the incidence, risk factors and clinical consequences of intra-operative ischemic strokes in surgeries for resection of HGG. We retrospectively followed a cohort of 239 patients who underwent surgical resection of HGG between 2013 and 2017. Tumor types included both isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wildtype glioblastoma and IDH-mutant WHO grade 4 astrocytoma. We analyzed pre- and post-operative demographic, clinical, radiological, anesthesiology and intraoperative neurophysiology data, including overall survival and functional outcomes. Acute ischemic strokes were seen on postoperative diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in 30 patients (12.5%), 13 of whom (43%) developed new neurological deficits. Infarcts were more common in insular (23%, p = 0.019) and temporal surgeries (57%, p = 0.01). Immediately after surgery, 35% of patients without infarcts and 57% of those with infarcts experienced motor deficits (p = 0.022). Six months later, rates of motor deficits decreased to 25% in the non-infarcts group and 37% in the infarcts group (p = 0.023 and 0.105, respectively) with a significantly lower Karnofsky-Performance Score (KPS, p = 0.001). Intra-operative language decline in awake procedures was a significant indicator of the occurrence of intra-operative stroke (p = 0.029). In conclusion, intraoperative ischemic events are more common in insular and temporal surgeries for resection of HGG and their intra-operative detection is limited. These strokes can impair motor and speech functions as well as patients’ performance status.
Beam‐steering capability for OAM‐based reflectarray at 5G‐mmWave frequencies
Authors: Ali Ali , Khalily Mohsen , Brown Tim , Tafazolli Rahim 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe ability of the reflectarray antenna (RA) to perform orbital angular momentum (OAM) beam‐steering with low divergence angles at the fifth generation (5G) millimetre‐wave (mmWave) bands is demonstrated. To provide steered OAM beams, it is necessary to regulate the scatterer's geometries smoothly throughout the focal area to follow the required twisted distribution. The traditional numerical method to compensate for the phase is modified to enable the 3D scanning property of OAM beams, so it is possible to avoid the feeder blockage and produce high‐gain steered OAM beams. Likewise, reducing the inherent beam divergence of OAM beams can be obtained by examining the most satisfactory phase distribution of the scatterers by fitting the focal length. The simulated radiation pattern is validated by the measured radiation pattern of the fabricated RA in the frequency range between 28.5 and 31.5 GHz.
Copper-Catalyzed Radical Cascade Annulation for the Preparation of Difluorinated Pyrrolidines and Piperidines
Authors: Riant Olivier , Marchese Michela Maria , Strähler Sebastian , Ghiba Lucian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this work, we developed a one-pot, copper-catalyzed aminodifluoroalkylation of enylaniline derivatives. This approach allows the catalytic construction of a broad range of pyrrolidines and piperidines substituted with a gem-difluoro moiety.
Asymmetric Organic Electrochemistry Catalyzed by Transition Metals
Authors: Zheng Weipeng , Tao Yongsheng , Ma Wan , Lu Qingquan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAsymmetric catalysis is one of the most important areas of organic synthetic chemistry. In recent years, with the revival of organic electrochemistry, scientists have begun to try to combine asymmetric catalysis with electrochemistry to build valuable chiral molecules. In this review, we focus on examples of organic electrochemistry catalyzed by transition metals. According to the classification of the interaction of the catalyst with the substrate, we can divide them into two categories: (1) transition metal catalysts as chiral Lewis acids; (2) transition metal catalysts that construct chiral molecules by interacting with substrates through oxidative addition/reductive elimination.1	Introduction2	Electrochemical Asymmetric Lewis Acid Catalysis3	Electrochemical Asymmetric Transition Metal Catalysis4	Conclusion