bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local immune dysregulation and subsequent inflammatory response contribute to pulmonary edema caused by Enterovirus infection in mice
Authors: Sun Tiantian , Li Dong , Dai Xinchen , Meng Caiyun , Li Yi , Cheng Cheng , Ji Wangquan , Zhu Peiyu , Chen Shuaiyin , Yang Haiyan , Jin Yuefei , Zhang Weiguo , Duan Guangcai 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPulmonary edema that comes on suddenly is the leading cause of mortality in hand‐foot‐and‐mouth disease (HFMD) patients; however, its pathogenesis is still largely unclear. A range of research suggest immunopathogenesis during the occurrence of pulmonary edema in severe HFMD patients. Herein, to investigate the potential mechanism of immune dysregulation in the development of pulmonary edema upon Enterovirus (EV) infection, we established mouse infection models for Enteroviruses (EVs) including Coxsackievirus (CV) A6, Enterovirus A71 (EVA71), and CVA2 exhibiting a high incidence of pulmonary edema. We found that EVs infection induced an immune system disorder by reducing the numbers of pulmonary and circulatory T cells, B cells, macrophages, and monocytes and increasing the numbers of lung neutrophils, myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and activated T cells. In addition, the concentrations of C−X−C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL‐1), tumor necrosis factor‐alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, and interleukin 6 were increased in EV‐infected lungs. Moreover, we found that EVs replication in mice lungs lead to apoptosis of lung cells and degradation of tight junction proteins. In conclusion, EVs infection likely triggered a complexed immune defense mechanism and caused dysregulation of innate immune cells (MDSCs, neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages) and adaptive cellular immunity (B cells, T cells). This dysregulation increased the release of cytokines and other inflammatory factors from activated immune‐related cells and caused lung barrier damage and pulmonary edema.
Association between trans fatty acids and COVID‐19: A multivariate Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Liu Xuxu , Du Zhiwei , Wang Jing , Wang Qiang , Zheng Yi , Niu Le , Hao Chenjun , Xue Dongbo , Zhang Yingmei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTraditional observational studies have suggested a potential association between trans fatty acids (TFAs), which are considered to be health‐damaging fatty acids, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). However, whether there is a causal relationship between them is currently unclear. We aimed to investigate the causal link between genetically determined TFAs and COVID‐19. We performed univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization (MR) studies using summary statistics from the European Pedigree TFAs (n = 8013), COVID‐19 susceptibility (n = 159 840), COVID‐19 hospitalization (n = 44 986), and COVID‐19 severity (n = 18 152) genome‐wide association studies (GWAS). The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary MR analysis, and several other methods were used as supplements. In univariate MR analysis, higher levels of circulating trans, cis‐18:2 TFAs were positively associated with a higher COVID‐19 hospitalization rate (p < 0.0033; odds ratio [OR] = 1.637; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.116–2.401) and COVID‐19 severity (p < 0.0033; OR = 2.575; 95% CI: 1.412–4.698). Furthermore, in multivariate MR analysis, trans, cis‐18:2 had an independent and significant causal association with a higher COVID‐19 hospitalization rate (p = 0.00044; OR = 1.862; 95% CI = 1.316–2.636) and COVID‐19 severity (p = 0.0016; OR = 2.268; 95% CI = 1.361–3.779) after the five TFAs were adjusted for each other. Together, our findings provide evidence that trans, cis‐18:2 TFAs have an independent and robust causal effect on COVID‐19 hospitalization and severity.
First report of coinfection and whole‐genome sequencing of norovirus and sapovirus in an acute gastroenteritis patient from Pakistan
Authors: Umair Massab , Rehman Zaira , Haider Syed Adnan , Usman Muhammad , Rana Muhammad Suleman , Ikram Aamer , Salman Muhammad 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAcute gastroenteritis is one of the most common diseases in infants and children in developing countries including Pakistan. In Pakistan, rotavirus (RVA) is known to contribute significantly to pediatric diarrheal illness, but the contribution of other viruses is still unclear. In the current study we have identified a case of mixed infection of norovirus (NoV) and sapovirus (SaV) in a 2‐year‐old child with acute gastroenteritis. The sample was initially processed for the detection of group A RVA through ELISA followed by NoV using RT‐PCR assay. The sample tested positive for NoV RNA and was later subjected to whole‐genome sequencing using meta‐genome approach on Miseq (Illumina) platform. Sequencing results revealed GII.15 genotype of NoV that clustered with viruses from China and USA from 2017 to 2021. We also retrieved the complete genome of SaV (GI.1 genotype) from the same sample and phylogenetic analysis showed clustering with strains reported from Japan, South Korea, US, and Taiwan during 2012−2016. This is the first report from Pakistan that confirms coinfection of NoV and SaV and elucidates their whole genomes. We recommend initiation of NoV and SaV surveillance program to ascertain disease burden and explore genetic diversity, especially as RVA vaccines have been included in national immunization program.
Antibiotic release from PMMA spacers and PMMA beads measured with ELISA: Assessment of in vitro samples and drain fluid samples of patients
Authors: Janssen Daniël M. C. , Willems Paul , Geurts Jan , Arts Chris J. J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFor prosthetic joint infections, antibiotic loaded poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) spacer or beads can be used to release high concentrations of antibiotics locally at the infection site, while minimizing systemic toxicity. The aim of this study is to determine in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic release profile of antibiotics from PMMA spacers and PMMA beads. For the in vitro experiment, the PMMA spacers or beads were submerged in phosphate‐buffered saline and gentamicin concentrations were determined from collected specimen at several times points, measured with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). To assess the in vivo antibiotic release profile of different spacers, wound drainage fluid samples were collected after implantation of a spacer over a period of maximum 14 days. After 48 h, the burst gentamicin concentration elution was 9862 ± 1782 ng/ml (mean ± SD) from spacers versus 38,394 ± 7071 ng/ml (mean ± SD) for beads. Over 35 days, spacers had eluted a cumulative mean concentration of 13,812 ± 3548 versus 55,048 ± 12,006 ng/ml for beads (p < 0.001). Clinical samples of patients with a Vancogenx® spacer showed higher gentamicin release than Refobacin™ spacers (p < 0.001). This is the first study that measured the release data of local antibiotics with ELISA. Compare to spacers, the exact release values of gentamicin from PMMA beads are more than 10 times higher and reached a maximum much later than spacers. This makes the use of PMMA beads more preferable to use for treatment of the infection itself.
In search of better snacks: ohmic‐heating nixtamalized flour and amaranth addition increase the nutraceutical and nutritional potential of vegetable‐enriched tortilla chips
Authors: Domínguez‐Hernández Elisa , Gutiérrez‐Uribe Janet A. , Domínguez‐Hernández Martha E. , Loarca‐Piña Guadalupe F. , Gaytán‐Martínez Marcela 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDNixtamalized flour snacks such as tortilla chips are widely consumed across the world, but they are nutritionally poor and contribute to obesity and other non‐communicable diseases. The production of healthy versions of such snacks, by incorporating vegetables and improving the quality of the flours used in their formulation, could help address these nutritional challenges. This study compared the fortification of baked tortilla chips with vegetable leaf powders (kale and wild amaranth at 0%, 4%, 8%, and 16% w/w) and using two types of nixtamalized flour: traditional (TNF) and with ohmic heating (OHF).RESULTSOverall, the use of OHF increased 1.88 times the fibre in enriched and non‐enriched snacks with respect to TNF, but the latter had 1.85 times more protein. Addition of 16% of vegetable powders increased protein (kale = 1.4‐fold; amaranth = 1.3‐fold) and dietary fibre (kale = 1.52‐fold; amaranth = 1.7‐fold). Amaranth enrichment improved total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of chips at least 1.2 and 1.63 times, respectively. OHF chips also had higher bound TPC than TNF ones, regardless of vegetable addition. Combinations of OHF with 16% amaranth produced chips 1.74‐fold higher in antioxidant capacity than non‐enriched ones, due to increased content of phenolics such as ferulic acid.CONCLUSIONThis work showed that tortilla chips made using nixtamalized flour produced with assisted ohmic heating, alone or in combination with wild amaranth leaf powder, could be used in the production of healthy maize snacks to enhance their prospective antioxidant activity and nutritional value. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Research on the 2‐D annular leaky‐wave antenna
Authors: Huo Xingying , Li Zheng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper studies a 2‐D planar periodic leaky‐wave antenna based on a series of concentric annular microstrip rings on a grounded dielectric slab. The leaky wave is generated from the perturbation to the surface wave, which is excited from the fundamental and dominant TM0 mode. The computation method for the propagation constant is first analyzed, and then the radiation property is researched. A set of suitable structural parameters for only −1th spacial harmonic radiation are extracted from the theoretical computation and then verified by the simulation, which shows an agreement. The results indicate that this proposed antenna can radiate two symmetrical flat conical beams with over 90% total efficiency. The theoretical results on radiation performance are then verified by simulation and measurement with good agreement.
A compact lumped‐element two‐way differential to single‐ended Wilkinson power combiner with embedded impedance transformation
Authors: Zhang Zhenyi , Zhao Zihan , Ye Zonglin , Xie Qian , Wang Zheng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis letter presents a compact lumped‐element two‐way differential to single‐ended Wilkinson power combiner with embedded impedance transformation. It consists of two transformer baluns and two parallel resistance and capacitor (RC) branches. The two transformers generate high‐order impedance transformation networks at even‐mode operation and form resonators together with the two parallel RC branches at odd‐mode operation, thus achieving broadband impedance matching and power combining with a compact area. A proof‐of‐concept prototype working at 1.7 GHz is designed and fabricated. Measurement results show that the peak isolation is 24.5 dB, insertion loss is from 0.34 to 1.15 dB and magnitude and phase imbalance are within 0.1 dB and , respectively, over the frequency range from 1.37 to 1.97 GHz. The area is only 6.54 mm  6 mm.
Developing and validating an integrated instrument for nursing assessments in adult hospitalization units: Study protocol
Authors: Luna‐Aleixos David , González‐Chordá Víctor M. , Aquilué‐Ballarí Marta , Llagostera‐Reverter Irene , Mecho‐Montoliu Gema , Cervera‐Gasch Águeda , Valero‐Chillerón María Jesús , Mena‐Tudela Desirée , Andreu‐Pejó Laura 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimsTo develop and validate an instrument that integrates functional capacity, risk of pressure ulcers and risk of falling with a more parsimonious approach towards nursing assessments in hospitalization units.DesignCross‐sectional validation multicentre study.MethodsSocio‐demographic variables and assessments of Barthel Index, Braden Index and Downton Scale are included via electronic health records. Instrument's development process will include: (i) conceptual assessments; (ii) content validity; (iii) construct validity; (iv) internal consistency and (v) interobserver reliability. The analysis will consider possible differences in medical and surgical hospitalization units, hospitalization type or being a COVID‐19 patient. This study was accepted for funding in November 2020 and approved by the Ethics and Research Committee in January 2021.ResultsAn integrated instrument that lowers the administrative load of nursing assessments and allows at‐risk patients to be detected with at least the same validity and reliability as the original instruments is expected to be obtained.
Effects of dimethylacetamide on chitosan/AgNP/GO fluid properties for 3D printing of water filtration membranes
Authors: Ogazi Anthony C. , Osifo Peter O. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to prepare and characterize water‐soluble chitosan‐graphene oxide‐silver nanoparticles (CS‐GO‐AgNP) fluids for 3D‐inkjet printing of filtration membranes and to investigate the effects of Dimethylacetamide (DMAc) used as a co‐solvent on the rheological properties and printability of the modified chitosan fluids. DMAc concentration increase affected rheological characteristics of CS, resulting to a reduction in particle size distribution. The dynamic viscosity and shear stress of the ink reduced with increase in DMAc concentration, temperature and decrease in the mole fraction of chitosan. Surface tension of the fluid increased as the co‐solvent concentration increased, indicating a greater number of bond donor sites as a result of stronger hydrogen bond affinity of DMAc and increased molecular interactions with amide groups of CS. The optimal printability and drop formation of the modified CS ink were determined to be 63.8 mN/m (surface tension), 0.0105 Pas (viscosity), 1087 Kg/m3 (density), and a Z‐value of 6.1.
The generation mechanism of demolding force based on themold‐partinterface contact mode in micro‐injection molding
Authors: Zhou Jiawen , Qiu Zhongjun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDemolding is the key step of micro‐injection molding (μIM), which influences the molding quality of polymer parts to a great extent. The essence of demolding is to overcome interface interactions between the mold cavity surface and the part surface, which is closely related to factors such as the cavity surface topography and process parameters. However, a theoretical model predicting the demolding force of μIM is still lacking, resulting in the difficulty of improving the quality of demolding in μIM. Therefore, a comprehensive demolding force model is proposed to clarify the demolding mechanism of μIM. The model focuses on the adhesion behavior and friction behavior in the special contact mode formed by the replication effect of μIM. The theory proof and computation results indicate that the cavity surface topography determines the contact mode of the mold‐part interface (MPI), which in turn changes the real interface contact area, the composition mode of adhesion stress, and the friction forms, thereby affecting the adhesion and friction force during demolding. In addition, the process parameters can also change the contact mode of MPI as the process parameters have a great effect on the filling capacity and the degree of replication, thereby influencing the demolding process.
Proteoglycans in breast cancer, identification and characterization by LC‐MS/MS assisted proteomics approach: A review
Authors: Kizhakkeppurath Kumaran Ajeeshkumar , Sahu Ankita , Singh Astha , Aynikkattil Ravindran Nisha , Sekhar Chatterjee Niladri , Mathew Suseela , Verma Saurabh 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeProteoglycans (PGs) are negatively charged macromolecules containing a core protein and single or several glycosaminoglycan chains attached by covalent bond. They are distributed in all tissues, including extracellular matrix (ECM), cell surface, and basement membrane. They are involved in major pathways and cell signalling cascades which modulate several vital physiological functions of the body. They have also emerged as a target molecule for cancer treatment and as possible biomarkers for early cancer detection. Among cancers, breast cancer is a highly invasive and heterogenous type and has become the major cause of mortality especially among women. So, this review revisits the studies on PGs characterization in breast cancer using LC‐MS/MS‐based proteomics approach, which will be further helpful for identification of potential PGs‐based biomarkers or therapeutic targets.Experimental designThere is a lack of comprehensive knowledge on the use of LC‐MS/MS‐based proteomics approaches to identify and characterize PGs in breast cancer.ResultsLC‐MS/MS assisted PGs characterization in breast cancer revealed the vital PGs in breast cancer invasion and progression. In addition, comprehensive profiling and characterization of PGs in breast cancer are efficiently carried out by this approach.ConclusionsProteomics techniques including LC‐MS/MS‐based identification of proteoglycans is effectively carried out in breast cancer research. Identification of expression at different stages of breast cancer is a major challenge, and LC‐MS/MS‐based profiling of PGs can boost novel strategies to treat breast cancer, which involve targeting PGs, and also aid early diagnosis using PGs as biomarkers.
Regulatory utility of physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling for assessing food impact in bioequivalence studies: A workshop summary report
Authors: Al Shoyaib Abdullah , Riedmaier Arian Emami , Kumar Anita , Roy Partha , Parrott Neil John , Fang Lanyan , Tampal Nilufer , Yang Yuching , Jereb Rebeka , Zhao Liang , Wu Fang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis workshop report summarizes the presentations and panel discussion related to the use of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling approaches for food effect assessment, collected from Session 2 of Day 2 of the workshop titled “Regulatory Utility of Mechanistic Modeling to Support Alternative Bioequivalence Approaches.” The US Food and Drug Administration in collaboration with the Center for Research on Complex Generics organized this workshop where this particular session titled “Oral PBPK for Evaluating the Impact of Food on BE” presented successful cases of PBPK modeling approaches for food effect assessment. Recently, PBPK modeling has started to gain popularity among academia, industries, and regulatory agencies for its potential utility during bioavailability (BA) and/or bioequivalence (BE) studies of new and generic drug products to assess the impact of food on BA/BE. Considering the promises of PBPK modeling in generic drug development, the aim of this workshop session was to facilitate knowledge sharing among academia, industries, and regulatory agencies to understand the knowledge gap and guide the path forward. This report collects and summarizes the information presented and discussed during this session to disseminate the information into a broader audience for further advancement in this area.
Just say no to data listings!
Authors: Navarro Mercidita , Brucken Nancy , Yang Aiming , Ball Greg 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSponsor companies often create voluminous static listings for Clinical Study Reports (CSRs) and regulatory submissions, and possibly for internal use to review participant‐level data. This is likely due to the perception that they are required and/or lack of knowledge of various alternatives. However, there are other ways of viewing clinical study data that can provide an improved user experience, and are made possible by standard data structures such as the Study Data Tabulation Model (SDTM). The purpose of this paper is to explore some alternatives to providing a complete set of static listings and make a case for sponsors to begin considering these alternatives. We will discuss the recommendations from the PHUSE white paper, “Data Listings in Clinical Study Reports.”
Separation and characterization of the polymerized impurities in oxacillin sodium by 2D HPSEC and HPLC IT‐TOF MS
Authors: Gao Jiarui , Wang Fan , Zhang Xiangyu , Zhu Bingqi , Chen Xin , Li Ping , Zhou Ping , Zheng Jinqi , Wang Jian 
Published: January 2023

RationaleThe polymerized impurities in oxacillin sodium can induce allergic reaction, which can seriously threaten the health of patients. Gel filtration chromatography (GFC) is currently widely used for the analysis of polymerized impurities, but it has drawbacks. To effectively control the polymerized impurities in oxacillin sodium, a high‐performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) method and a reversed‐phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) method were established to replace the classical GFC method.MethodsBy studying the chromatographic behavior of polymerized impurities and small molecular weight impurities in both methods with different chromatographic separation mechanisms, the polymerized impurities in oxacillin sodium were separated and detected effectively. Column‐switching two‐dimensional liquid chromatography was applied to eluted polymerized impurities from the HPSEC method for oxacillin sodium. Ion trap/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry was applied to characterize the structures of polymerized impurities and unknown impurities eluted from the HPSEC/RP‐HPLC method for oxacillin sodium.ResultsThe structures of 25 unknown impurities in oxacillin sodium were elucidated based on the high‐resolution massn data. Thirteen polymerized impurities were found and characterized. The corresponding relationship of impurities between the two methods was established and the specificity of the two methods was compared. The RP‐HPLC method for analysis of the polymerized impurities not only has higher column efficiency and more specificity than the HPSEC method, but also higher sensitivity.ConclusionsThe mechanisms of the formation of degradation impurities in oxacillin sodium were studied. The newly established RP‐HPLC methods could effectively separate and detect polymerized impurities and unknown impurities in oxacillin sodium. The study of the impurity profile in oxacillin sodium provided a scientific basis for the improvement of official monographs in pharmacopoeias.
Assisted reproductive technology in Japan: A summary report for 2020 by the ethics Committee of the Japan Society of obstetrics and gynecology
Authors: Katagiri Yukiko , Jwa Seung Chik , Kuwahara Akira , Iwasa Takeshi , Ono Masanori , Kato Keiichi , Kishi Hiroshi , Kuwabara Yoshimitsu , Harada Miyuki , Hamatani Toshio , Osuga Yutaka 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeSince 1986, the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology assisted reproductive technology (ART) registry system has collected data on national ART use and outcomes trends in Japan. Herein, we describe the characteristics and outcomes of ART cycles registered during 2020 and compare the results with those from 2019.Methods and ResultsIn 2020, 621 ART facilities participated in the registration. The total number of registered cycles was 449 900, and there were 60 381 live births, which decreased from the previous year (1.79% and 0.36% decrease, respectively). The number of freeze‐all in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles increased in 2020, and the number of neonates born was 2282 for IVF‐embryo transfer (ET) cycles and 2596 for ICSI cycles, which had decreased from the previous year. Frozen–thawed ET (FET) cycles had slightly increased from 2019 (0.04%). In 2020, 215 285 FET cycles were conducted, resulting in 76 196 pregnancies and 55 503 neonates. Single ET was performed in 81.6% of fresh transfers and 85.1% of frozen–thawed cycles, respectively, resulting in over 97% singleton pregnancies/livebirths rates.ConclusionDespite the COVID‐19 pandemic during 2020, the overall number of ART cycles and neonates born demonstrated only a slight decrease in 2020 compared with 2019.