bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maximum Likelihood Coordinates
Authors: Chang Q. , Deng C. , Hormann K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAny point inside a d‐dimensional simplex can be expressed in a unique way as a convex combination of the simplex's vertices, and the coefficients of this combination are called the barycentric coordinates of the point. The idea of barycentric coordinates extends to general polytopes with n vertices, but they are no longer unique if n > d+1. Several constructions of such generalized barycentric coordinates have been proposed, in particular for polygons and polyhedra, but most approaches cannot guarantee the non‐negativity of the coordinates, which is important for applications like image warping and mesh deformation. We present a novel construction of non‐negative and smooth generalized barycentric coordinates for arbitrary simple polygons, which extends to higher dimensions and can include isolated interior points. Our approach is inspired by maximum entropy coordinates, as it also uses a statistical model to define coordinates for convex polygons, but our generalization to non‐convex shapes is different and based instead on the project‐and‐smooth idea of iterative coordinates. We show that our coordinates and their gradients can be evaluated efficiently and provide several examples that illustrate their advantages over previous constructions.
Two or four implants for maxillary overdentures in edentulous patients: 1‐year results of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Onclin Pieter , Speksnijder Caroline M. , Vissink Arjan , Meijer Henny J. A. , Raghoebar Gerry M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionMaxillary implant overdenture therapy is a good treatment option for treating patients experiencing problems with their conventional maxillary denture. Retaining the overdenture with four implants and a bar attachment system serves as the current gold standard. However, there is a demand for less costly and less invasive treatment options. The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to compare marginal bone level change (MBLC), implant and overdenture survival, clinical, masticatory, and patient‐related outcomes (PROMs) of maxillary implant overdentures with either two or four implants and a bar attachment system.Materials and MethodsForty edentulous participants were randomly allocated to two groups (n = 20), to receive either two or four implants in the maxilla. After healing, all the participants received an implant overdenture retained by a bar attachment system. All the participants were evaluated 1 and 12 months after overdenture placement. The primary outcome was MBLC. Secondary outcomes were implant and overdenture survival, clinical, masticatory, and PROMs. The outcomes were analyzed using parametric and non‐parametric tests.ResultsMBLC was −0.03 mm in the 2‐implant group and −0.16 mm in the 4‐implant group (p = 0.21). Implant survival was 83.3% in the 2‐implant group and 94.4% in the 4‐implant group (p = 0.03). The median pocket depth change and clinical outcomes were low, and masticatory performance along with PROMs improved in both groups and did not differ significantly between them.ConclusionMaxillary 4‐implant overdentures perform better than maxillary 2‐implant overdentures with a bar attachment system in terms of implant and overdenture survival and therefore remains the gold standard. However, both overdentures perform similarly in terms of MBLC, clinical, masticatory, and PROMs.
Combined behavioral and EEG evidence for the 70 Hz frequency selection of short‐term spinal cord stimulation in disorders of consciousness
Authors: Zhuang Yutong , Ge Qianqian , Li Qinghua , Xu Long , Geng Xiaoli , Wang Ruoqing , He Jianghong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study investigated the prognostic effect of electroencephalography (EEG) instant effects of single spinal cord stimulation (SCS) on clinical outcome in disorders of consciousness (DOC) and the time‐dependent brain response during the recovery of consciousness prompted by SCS.MethodsTwenty three patients with DOC underwent short‐term SCS (stSCS) implantation operation. Then, all patients received the postoperative EEG test including EEG record before (T1) and after (T2) single SCS session. Subsequently, 2 weeks stSCS treatment was performed and revised coma recovery scale (CRS‐R) and EEG data were collected. Finally, they were classified into effective and ineffective groups at 3‐month follow‐up (T6).ResultsThe parietal‐occipital (PO) connectivity and clustering coefficients (CC) in the beta band of the effective group at the 1 week after the treatment (T5) were found to be higher than preoperative assessment (T0). Correlation analysis showed that the change in beta CC at T1/T2 was correlated with the change in CRS‐R at T0/T6. In addition, the change in PO connectivity and CC in the beta at T0/T5 were also correlated with the change in CRS‐R at T0/T5.ConclusionSCS may facilitate the recovery of consciousness by enhancing local information interaction in posterior brain regions. And the recovery can be predicted by beta CC in the EEG test.
ErbB2pY‐1248 as a predictive biomarker for Parkinson's disease based on research with RPPA technology and in vivo verification
Authors: Jin Meng , Shi Ruidie , Gao Daili , Wang Baokun , Li Ning , Li Xia , Sik Attila , Liu Kechun , Zhang Xiujun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimsThis study aims to reveal a promising biomarker for Parkinson's disease (PD) based on research with reverse phase protein array (RPPA) technology for the first time and in vivo verification, which gains time for early intervention in PD, thus increasing the effectiveness of treatment and reducing disease morbidity.Methods and ResultsWe employed RPPA technology which can assess both total and post‐translationally modified proteins to identify biomarker candidates of PD in a cellular PD model. As a result, the phosphorylation (pY‐1248) of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ErbB2 is a promising biomarker candidate for PD. In addition, lapatinib, an ErbB2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was used to verify this PD biomarker candidate in vivo. We found that lapatinib‐attenuated dopaminergic neuron loss and PD‐like behavior in the zebrafish PD model. Accordingly, the expression of ErbB2pY‐1248 significantly increased in the MPTP‐induced mouse PD model. Our results suggest that ErbB2pY‐1248 is a predictive biomarker for PD.ConclusionsIn this study, we found that ErbB2pY‐1248 is a predictive biomarker of PD by using RPPA technology and in vivo verification. It offers a new perspective on PD diagnosing and treatment, which will be essential in identifying individuals at risk of PD. In addition, this study provides new ideas for digging into biomarkers of other neurodegenerative diseases.
Inhibition of the interaction between microglial adenosine 2A receptor and NLRP3 inflammasome attenuates neuroinflammation posttraumatic brain injury
Authors: Du Hao , Li Chang‐Hong , Gao Ruo‐Bing , Tan Yan , Wang Bo , Peng Yan , Yang Nan , Ning Ya‐Lei , Li Ping , Zhao Yan , Zhou Yuan‐Guo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimsAdenosine 2A receptor (A2AR) is widely expressed in the brain and plays important roles in neuroinflammation, and the nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain, leucine‐rich repeat, and pyrin domain‐containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a crucial component of the innate immune system while the regulation of A2AR on it in the central nervous system (CNS) has not been clarified.MethodsThe effects of microglial A2AR on NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and activation were investigated in wild‐type, A2AR‐ or NLRP3‐knockout primary microglia with pharmacological treatment. Microglial A2AR or NLRP3 conditional knockout mice were used to interrogate the effects of this regulation on neuroinflammation posttraumatic brain injury (TBI).ResultsWe found that A2AR directly interacted with NLRP3 and facilitated NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and activation in primary microglia while having no effects on mRNA levels of inflammasome components. Inhibition of the interaction via A2AR agonist or knockout attenuated inflammasome assembly and activation in vitro. In the TBI model, microglial A2AR and NLRP3 were co‐expressed at high levels in microglia next to the peri‐injured cortex, and abrogating of this interaction by microglial NLRP3 or A2AR conditional knockout attenuated the neurological deficits and neuropathology post‐TBI via reducing the NLRP3 inflammasome activation.ConclusionOur results demonstrated that inhibition of the interaction between A2AR and NLRP3 in microglia could mitigate the NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and activation and ameliorate the neuroinflammation post‐TBI. It provides new insights into the effects of A2AR on neuroinflammation regulation post‐TBI and offers a potential target for the treatment of NLRP3 inflammasome‐related CNS diseases.
Extinction risk of the world's freshwater mammals
Authors: Sanders Emmalie , Wassens Skye , Michael Damian R. , Nimmo Dale G. , Turner James M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe continued loss of freshwater habitats poses a significant threat to global biodiversity. We reviewed the extinction risk of 166 freshwater aquatic and semiaquatic mammals—a group rarely documented as a collective. We used the International Union for the Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species categories as of December 2021 to determine extinction risk. Extinction risk was then compared among taxonomic groups, geographic areas, and biological traits. Thirty percent of all freshwater mammals were listed as threatened. Decreasing population trends were common (44.0%), including a greater rate of decline (3.6% in 20 years) than for mammals or freshwater species as a whole. Aquatic freshwater mammals were at a greater risk of extinction than semiaquatic freshwater mammals (95% CI –7.20 to –1.11). Twenty‐nine species were data deficient or not evaluated. Large species (95% CI 0.01 to 0.03) with large dispersal distances (95% CI 0.03 to 0.15) had a higher risk of extinction than small species with small dispersal distances. The number of threatening processes associated with a species compounded their risk of extinction (95% CI 0.28 to 0.77). Hunting, land clearing for logging and agriculture, pollution, residential development, and habitat modification or destruction from dams and water management posed the greatest threats to these species. The basic life‐history traits of many species were poorly known, highlighting the need for more research. Conservation of freshwater mammals requires a host of management actions centered around increased protection of riparian areas and more conscientious water management to aid the recovery of threatened species.
Cystic fibrosis survival outcomes following second lung transplant: The north American experience
Authors: Alshehri Moayad , Ramos Kathleen J. , Sykes Jenna , Ma Xiayi , Stanojevic Sanja , Quon Bradley S. , Marshall Bruce C. , Cromwell Elizabeth , Ostrenga Joshua S. , Faro Albert , Elbert Alexander , Todd Jonathan , Chaparro Cecilia , Goss Christopher H. , Stephenson Anne L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionRe‐transplant is an option for those who develop end‐stage lung disease due to rejection; however, little data exist following re‐transplantation in cystic fibrosis (CF).MethodsData from the Canadian CF Registry and US CF Foundation Patient Registry supplemented with data from United Network for Organ Sharing were used. Individuals who underwent a 2nd lung transplant between 2005 and 2019 were included. The Kaplan‐Meier method was used to estimate the probability of survival post‐second transplant at 1, 3, and 5‐years.ResultsOf those people who were waitlisted for a second transplant (N = 818), a total of 254 (31%) died waiting, 395 (48%) were transplanted and 169 (21%) people were alive on the waitlist. Median survival time after 2nd lung transplant was 3.3 years (95% CI: 2.8‐4.1). The 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year survival rates were 77.4% (95% CI: 73.1‐82%), 52% (95% CI: 46.7‐58%) and 39.4% (95% CI: 34.1‐45.6%).ConclusionsSurvival following second lung transplant in CF patients is lower than estimates following the first transplant. Over half of subjects who are potentially eligible for a second transplant die without receiving a second organ. This warrants further investigation.
Utility of sequencing for ATP6AP1 and ATP6AP2 to distinguish between atypical granular cell tumor with junctional component and melanoma
Authors: Warren Simon J. , Alomari Ahmed K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundGranular cell tumor (GCT) is a S100+ neoplasm with atypical and malignant variants. Similar to melanocytic neoplasms, the tumors make nests and can have junctional components raising a differential diagnosis of melanoma. Nevi and melanomas may also have granular cell cytoplasm. MelanA is useful in distinguishing melanocytic from granular cell lineage, but increasingly MelanA/SOX10 negative melanomas have been recognized by correlation with molecular methods.MethodsWe encountered several cases with morphologic overlap between melanoma and atypical GCT necessitating additional molecular workup. We sequenced two cases and searched our archive for similar cases of GCT with overlapping features of melanocytic lineage.ResultsIn our two index cases, we excluded melanoma driver mutations and identified frameshift or premature stop codons in ATP6AP1/2 pathognomonic of granular cell lineage. Data retrieved from Cosmic identified 24 melanomas with missense single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in ATP6AP1 but no frameshift or premature stop codons. Twenty‐one melanomas had missense SNVs in ATP6AP2. One melanoma had a premature stop codon in ATP6AP2, but this lesion also had a melanoma‐associated driver mutation NRASQ61K. We found 1 of 23 additional cases of GCT in our archives with a junctional component and no additional cases with maturation.ConclusionsAtypical and malignant GCT can have histopathologic overlap with melanoma. Frameshift and premature stop codons in ATP6AP1/2 are specific for granular cell lineage, and capable of excluding melanoma, in the absence of known melanoma‐associated driver mutations.
Myocarditis as a trigger for the expression of biventricular arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy in desmosomal gene mutation
Authors: Johnson Nicholas , Ginks Matthew , Ferreira Vanessa M. , Kardos Attila 
Published: August 2023

AbstractArrhythmogenic‐cardiomyopathy (ACM) is an inherited heart disease with right, left, or biventricular (BVACM) involvement based on EKG, imaging, family history, and genetic testing. We present a 64‐year‐old woman with prior myocarditis and diagnosis of BVACM 29 years later. We propose myocarditis as a promoter of gene expression of plakophilin‐2 mutation.
Multimodal imaging and surgical repair of a dorsal‐oblique plane, proximal third metacarpal fracture and the diagnostic challenge of radiographic visualisation
Authors: Fletcher Owen , Osborne Craig , Dixon Jonathon 
Published: August 2023

SummaryA 10‐year‐old Connemara mare presented with persistent 3/5 (AAEP) right forelimb lameness following a traumatic incident whilst hunting, which was localised to the proximal metacarpal and distal carpal regions with diagnostic anaesthesia. Radiography revealed non‐specific moderately increased mineral opacity at the proximomedial margin of the third metacarpus, dorsal to the enthesis of the proximal suspensory ligament. However, subsequent computed tomography (CT) performed under general anaesthesia, identified an incomplete, dorsal ‐ obliquely orientated third metacarpal fracture arising from the interosseous space between the third and second metacarpi, also involving the carpometacarpal joint. Using CT guidance, internal surgical fixation was performed under the same anaesthetic episode and resulted in a shortened post‐operative recovery period with a successful return to previous athletic function. Surgical fixation can be performed using cross‐sectional imaging guidance to optimise recovery and facilitate a positive outcome.
Prioritizing bull trout recovery actions using a novel cumulative effects modelling framework
Authors: MacPherson Laura M. , Reilly Jessica R. , Neufeld Kenton R. , Sullivan Michael G. , Paul Andrew J. , Johnston Fiona D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractComplexity of addressing cumulative effects that vary in space and time, especially for species occupying large ranges, makes conservation and recovery of populations difficult. In Alberta, declines of all three native stream trout species led to them being listed as species at risk. We developed a novel, semi‐quantitative cumulative effects modelling process to quantify threats using stressor‐response curves with a single common response scale, wherein inputs were determined for each population, and outputs were used to create population‐specific recovery action hypotheses to inform management. Using a case study of bull trout recovery in Rocky Creek, Alberta, we tested these hypotheses using a before–after control‐impacted design. Recovery actions positively affected bull trout, and the modelling approach provided insight into threats (sedimentation and angling effort) that most likely limited the population.
Estimating lentic recreational fisheries catch and effort across the United States
Authors: Robertson Matthew D. , Midway Stephen R. , Embke Holly S. , Kaz Anna L. , Lang Mitchel , Paukert Craig , Sievert Nicholas A. , Wszola Lyndsie , Lynch Abigail J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRecreational fisheries represent a socially, ecologically, and economically significant component of global fisheries. The U.S. Inland Creel and Angler Survey Catalog (CreelCat) database includes inland recreational fisheries survey data across the United States to facilitate large‐scale analyses. However, because survey methods differ, a statistical method capable of integrating these surveys is necessary to assess patterns and relationships across regions. Here, we developed a hierarchical generalized linear mixed modeling approach to estimate the relationship between daily recreational fisheries catch and effort based on waterbody, socio‐economic, and ecological covariates. We applied this approach to CreelCat data on lentic waterbodies and found that recreational fisheries catch and effort were non‐linearly related (i.e., catch per unit of effort declined as effort increased), where effort varied regionally and by waterbody area, median county age, and distance to nearest primary road. This modeling approach could be used to inform data‐poor regions or waterbodies, make comparisons across spatial scales, and, with the inclusion of socio‐economic and ecological factors, inform management techniques in an era of shifting demographics and landscapes.
Tocopherols and associated derivatives track the phytoplanktonic response to evolving pelagic redox conditions spanning Oceanic Anoxic Event 2
Authors: Connock Gregory T. , Liu Xiao‐Lei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTocopherols serve a critical role as antioxidants inhibiting lipid peroxidation in photosynthetic organisms, yet are seldom used in geobiological investigations. The ubiquity of tocopherols in all photosynthetic lifeforms is often cited as an impediment to any diagnostic paleoenvironmental potential, while the inability to readily analyze these compounds via conventional methods, such as gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, further diminishes the capacity to serve as useful ‘biomarkers’. Here, we analyzed an exceptionally preserved black shale sequence from the Demerara Rise that spans Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE‐2) to reexamine the significance of tocopherols and associated derivatives (i.e. tocol derivatives) in ancient sediments. Tocol derivatives were analyzed via liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight–mass spectrometry and included tocopherols, a methyltrimethyltridecylchroman, and the first reported detection of tocopherol quinones and methylphytylbenzoquinones in the geologic record. Strong correlations between tocol derivatives were observed over the studied interval. Tocol derivative concentrations and ratios, which normalized tocopherols to potential derivatives, revealed absolute and relative increases in tocopherols as exclusive features of OAE‐2 that can be explained by two possible mechanisms related to tocopherol production and preservation. The development of photic zone euxinia during OAE‐2 likely forced an upward migration of oxygenic photoautotrophs, increasing oxidative stress that elicited heightened tocopherol biosynthesis. However, shoaling euxinic conditions may have simultaneously acted to enhance tocopherol preservation given the relatively high lability of tocopherols in the water column. Both scenarios could produce the observed stratigraphic distribution of tocol derivatives in this study, although the elevated tocopherol concentrations that define OAE‐2 at the Demerara Rise are primarily attributed to enhanced tocopherol production by shoaling phytoplanktonic communities. Thus, the occurrence of tocopherols and associated derivatives in sediments and rocks of marine origin is likely indicative of shallow‐water anoxia, tracking the phytoplanktonic response to the abiotic stresses associated with vertical fluctuations in pelagic redox.
Human footprints in the Global South accelerate biomass carbon loss in ecologically sensitive regions
Authors: Geng Mengqing , Li Xuecao , Mu Haowei , Yu Guojiang , Chai Li , Yang Zhongwen , Liu Haimeng , Huang Jianxi , Liu Han , Ju Zhengshan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHuman activities have placed significant pressure on the terrestrial biosphere, leading to ecosystem degradation and carbon losses. However, the full impact of these activities on terrestrial biomass carbon remains unexplored. In this study, we examined changes in global human footprint (HFP) and human‐induced aboveground biomass carbon (AGBC) losses from 2000 to 2018. Our findings show an increasing trend in HFP globally, resulting in the conversion of wilderness areas to highly modified regions. These changes have altered global biomes' habitats, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. We also found accelerated AGBC loss driven by HFP expansion, with a total loss of 19.99 ± 0.196 PgC from 2000 to 2018, especially in tropical regions. Additionally, AGBC is more vulnerable in the Global South than in the Global North. Human activities threaten natural habitats, resulting in increasing AGBC loss even in strictly protected areas. Therefore, scientifically guided planning of future human activities is crucial to protect half of Earth through mitigation and adaptation under future risks of climate change and global urbanization.