bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Penataan dan Pemanfaatan Sarana Prasarana Pembelajaran Pendidikan Formal dan Nonformal
Authors: Rasyad Ayu Anindya , Ulfatin Nurul , Timan Agus 
Published: April 2023

Abstract: This study aims to identify and describe the arrangement and utilization of learning infrastructure for formal and non-formal education. This research uses qualitative methods with the type of case study research. The research data which was conducted at Pondok Pesantren An-Nur II Malang was collected using interview, observation, and documentation techniques. Then analyzed through an interactive process through the stages of data reduction, presentation, and verification. The results of this study are: (1) the types of infrastructure at the An-Nur II Malang Islamic Boarding School, (2) the arrangement of the infrastructure facilities at the An-Nur II Islamic Boarding School Malang; (a) the principles of structuring educational facilities and infrastructure include the relationship between spaces, land area, spatial framework, building location; (b) types of arrangement of educational infrastructure include movable property, immovable property, consumable movable property, non-consumable movable object; (c) supporting and inhibiting factors in the arrangement of facilities and infrastructure; (d) solutions in overcoming inhibiting factors in structuring facilities and infrastructure. (3) utilization of infrastructure facilities in Islamic Boarding School An-Nur II Malang; (a) use of learning tools; (b) use of visual aids; (c) the use of learning media; (d) supporting and inhibiting factors in the use of infrastructure; (e) solutions in overcoming inhibiting factors in the use of infrastructure.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan penataan dan pemanfaatan sarana prasarana pembelajaran pendidikan formal dan nonformal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Data penelitian yang dilaksanakan di Pondok Pesantren An-Nur II Malang ini dikumpulkan menggunakan teknik wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Kemudian dianalisis melalui suatu proses interaktif melalui tahap reduksi, penyajian, dan verifikasi data. Adapun hasil penelitian ini yaitu: (1) jenis-jenis sarana prasarana di Pondok Pesantren An-Nur II Malang, (2) penataan sarana prasarana di Pondok Pesantren An-Nur II Malang; (a) prinsip-prinsip dalam penataan sarana prasarana pendidikan meliputi hubungan antar ruang, luas tanah, kerangka ruang, lokasi bangunan; (b) jenis-jenis penataan sarana prasarana pendidikan meliputi barang bergerak, barang tidak bergerak, barang bergerak habis pakai, barang bergerak tidak habis pakai; (c) faktor pendukung dan penghambat dalam penataan sarana prasarana; (d) solusi dalam mengatasi faktor penghambat dalam penataan sarana prasarana. (3) pemanfaatan sarana prasarana di Pondok Pesantren An-Nur II Malang; (a) pemanfaatan alat pelajaran; (b) pemanfaatan alat peraga; (c) pemanfaatan media pembelajaran; (d) faktor pendukung dan penghambat dalam pemanfaatan sarana prasarana; (e) solusi dalam mengatasi faktor penghambat dalam pemanfaatan sarana prasarana.
美国大学外语教学发展趋势及其对中文教育的启示
Authors: Wang Yanhao 
Published: April 2023

本研究基于美国现代汉语协会所进行的一系列调查，分析了2002年至2016年期间美国大学外语课注册人数的发展趋势。研究指出，自上世纪五十年代以来，美国大学生对外语课的兴趣一直在波动上升，但总体增长率较低。2009年前后由于经济危机等因素，大学生对外语等人文学科的兴趣大幅度下降。中文课注册人数在2013年达到峰值，但随后锐减13%。本研究认为，为了推动中文教育在美国大学内的发展，教师应增强内容的实用性并鼓励学生进一步学习高级课程，国家也应该积极推动软实力建设，从而吸引更多的学生主动学习中文。
This research, based on reports published by Modern Language Association, analyzed enrollments in languages other than English in United States institutions of higher education from 2002 to 2016. Results show that American college students’ interest on foreign languages have been increasing unsteady since the 1950s, but the increasing rates kept low; and given the factors like the Great Depression since 2009, college students’ interests on foreign language and other disciplines of humanity have dropped abruptly. The enrollment of Chinese classes has reached its peak in 2013 but then experienced a 13% decrease. This study suggests, to promote Chinese education in the US, teachers should develop practical contents and encourage students to study advanced classes, and government of China should develop its soft power to attract more students to study Chinese.
Nitazoxanide – A New Option in Biliary Ascariasis
Authors: Nasreen Hasina , Hassan Mahtabuddin 
Published: April 2023

This prospective study was conducted in the in-patient department of medicine, Chittagong Medical College Hospital (CMCH), Chittagong, Bangladesh from February 2016 to September 2016. The study included 70 patients admitted to emergency department of medicine. Clinical assessment was performed in all the cases. Detailed history was taken as per site, severity and nature of pain. Nitazoxanite is a newly recommended antihelminthic agent elicits its activity by interfering with pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) enzyme dependent electron transfer reaction, which is essential for anaerobic energy metabolism. It is given by the oral route with good bioavailability and is well tolerated, with primarily mild gastrointestinal side effects. Nitazoxanide (500mg) tablet was given twelve hourly for 3 days. Relieve of pain after taking antihelminthic was observed and serial ultrasonogram was performed to determine the worm present or absent in biliary tree. In this study majority of the patients presenting biliary ascariasis were females (74.3%) and the most common age group affected was within 18 to 35 years of age. Among the total respondents, 88.57% were cured, while only 11.43% were not cured off their diseases.
Seroprevalence of Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H9) in Sonali Chickens of Joypurhat
Authors: Rahman Md. Ziaur , Rashid S.M. Harun-ur- , Azam Md. Golam , Md. Nuruzzaman  , Rahman Md. Gausur 
Published: April 2023

The present study was designated to know the sero-prevalence status of H9 antibodies in Sonali chickens at Joypurhat district in Bangladesh by initial screening of AIV type A by ELISA followed by H9 LPAI detection by HI test. 180 sera samples from 18 flocks were collected and screened for Avian Influenza Virus type A antibodies by ELISA. All ELISA positive samples were tested by HI test, specific for H9 antibodies. On ELISA, sero-prevalence for AIV type A were 14.4% and 3.3% in older aged group (≥11weeks) and growing aged group (≤10 weeks) respectively, with an overall sero-prevalence of 8.89% in Sonali chickens at Joypurhat district. Among these AIV sero-positive samples, 92.31% 0f older aged group and 66.67% of growing aged group chickens found sero- positive to H9 antibodies by HI test with an overall 87.5%. Out of 180 sera samples, only 14 samples found positive to H9 antibodies, indicating 7.78% sero-prevalence in Sonali chickens of Joypurhat district. This study revealed higher sero-prevalence of AIV antibodies as well as H9 antibodies in older aged group which might be due long-time exposure to infections. Sero- prevalence of both AIV type A and H9 LPAI are higher in older aged Sonali chickens. The findings of the present study suggest that the overall seroprevalence of AIV type A and H9 LPAI in Sonali chickens are 8.89% and &.78% respectively, at Joypurhat district in Bangladesh and also suggest that H9LPAI virus in circulation in Sonali chickens at Joypurhat district in Bangladesh.
Acute pancreatitis, a significant mortality predictor in acute organophosphate poisoning: an observational study in a tertiary care centre in north India
Authors: Tomar Aditya , Singh Reena , Kumar Vinay , Kaur Samarjeet 
Published: April 2023

Background: Organophosphate compounds are one of the most common agents used as poison and acts by accumulation of acetylcholine hormone at neuronal synapses resulting in the symptoms like excessive salivation, vomiting, urination, and increased serum amylase and lipase levels. APACHE 2 score along with ultrasound modality can be used to assess the acute pancreatitis. The primary aim of the study is to find correlation of serum amylase and lipase levels with duration of ICU stay and with radio-logical variables like bulky pancreas.
Methods: This observational study conducted at GSVM medical college, Kanpur from December 2020 to October 2022 included 58 out of total 94 admitted patients with acute organophosphate intoxicationn on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were divided in 3 groups as mild, moderate and severe using q SOFA score at the time of admission.
Results: Acute organophosphate poisoning was more prevalent among 20-40 years of age group. Mean serum amylase level values in q SOFA category 0, 1, 2, 3 were 65.2, 82.0, 118.4, 329.9 IU/l respectively and that of mean serum lipase levels on day 1 of admission values were 42.0, 44.3, 38.6 and 115.5 IU/l respectively. Serum amylase levels were positively correlated with duration of ICU stay and were better predictor for acute pancreatitis.
Conclusions: In this study we concluded that serum amylase is a better predictor of duration of ICU stay and acute pancreatitis in patients admitted with acute organophosphate poisoning.
Elements affecting emergency department rate of return within 72 hours: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Alazzawi Mohammed A. , Hamdan Ahmad O. 
Published: April 2023

Background: Many patients view emergency departments (EDs) as their top choice for medical problems because they act as an easily accessible entry point into the healthcare system. The frequency of ED visits, the causes, and the burden must be considered to evaluate the quality and outcome of care. The researcher aimed to investigate the elements that affect the rate of return to the emergency department within 72 hours. In addition, to determine the underlying factors associated with unplanned ED return visits.
Methods: It was a retrospective cross-sectional study.
Results: The result of this study shows that 1535 unplanned ED return visits out of 53387. The rate was 2.9%. A total of 339 (22%) patients of unplanned ED returned visits were admitted to the hospital which is representing 8% of the total hospital admission from ED.
Conclusions: The study found that certain types of presenting complaints, such as fever, cough, and throat pain related to respiratory tract infection, were associated with a higher rate of unplanned return at a rate of 33% (513). The results of this study suggest that interventions aimed at improving access to follow-up care, and patient education with effective communication. In addition, continuously monitoring the rate of unplanned ED return and linking that rate to the ED physician's individual performance review might effectively reduce the rate and improve the quality and outcome of care.
Disease pattern and satisfaction about health care services among patients attending a selected geriatric hospital in Dhaka city
Authors: Islam Mohammad Shahidul , Rahman M. Mojibur , Gupta Pradip Kumar Sen , Mithila Turna Tribenee 
Published: April 2023

Background: The proportion of elderly people is increasing at an unprecedented rate globally as well as in Bangladesh. Exploring the current situation it terms of magnitude and pattern of diseases suffered by elderly people would be a good resource for the policy makers in considering health care services and other supports for the elderly.
Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was done during January 2021 to December 2021 among elderly patients aged 60 years and above. A total of among 203 Patients form both indoor and outdoor department were included. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect the data collection. SPSS V23 software program were using analyzed data.
Results: Among them 98 (48.25%) patients were suffering from communicable disease of which the most common (38.9%) was tuberculosis. On the other hands 201 patients were suffering from non- communicable disease of which the most common was Hypertension (HTN) (73.4%) followed by diabetes mellitus (DM) (36.5%), peptic ulcer (33%) and COPD (31%). The higher educated patients were significantly more dissatisfied compared to lower educated patients about drug dispensing (77.9% vs. 59.6%). Similarly, higher educated patients were significantly more dissatisfied compared to lower educated patients about nursing care (41.3% vs. 26.3%). The patients from urban area were significantly more dissatisfied compared to that of rural area about drug dispensing (76.7% vs. 58.6%).
Conclusions: The study findings reveal that non-communicable diseases are the major bulk of diseases in elderly population in comparison to communicable diseases and HTN, DM, peptic ulcer, COPD were the common non-communicable diseases.
Inteligencia artificial y ética: hacia una aplicación de los principios éticos en el ámbito de la UE
Authors: Martín Jiménez Francisco Javier 
Published: April 2023

La inteligencia artificial se muestra como la aplicación o conjunto de aplicaciones informáticas que pretenden emular las actividades cognoscitivas desarrolladas habitualmente por los seres humanos. Si bien esta realidad nos puede parecer extraordinariamente fructífera para el desarrollo de nuestra sociedad en cualquier ámbito, también entraña riesgos, entre otras cosas porque la inteligencia artificial puede llegar a tomar decisiones al margen, incluso, de las propias previsiones de su creador. Ante estos riesgos podemos aplicar principios éticos que puedan ser referentes para desarrolladores, distribuidores, aplicadores de estas tecnologías, estén o no incorporados a normas de obligado cumplimiento. Tanto los riesgos como las respuestas están siendo objeto de estudio, con aportación de propuestas, en el seno de la Unión Europea, asentándose, como punto de referencia, en los principios éticos. Acercarse al análisis de esta posición es el objetivo de este trabajo.
Recibido:13 septiembre 2022Aceptado: 16 enero 2023
History of European Union–Kazakhstan relations (1991-2001)
Authors: Karasayev Ganiy M. , Zhaxygeldinov Zhandos N. , Naimanbayev Bekmurat R. , Auanasova Alima M. , Khalidullin Gizatulla Kh. 
Published: April 2023

Diplomatic, economic and other relations between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the European Union have been officially established since 1993. Such interaction between Kazakhstan and the European Union has been effective for both sides. The aim of this research is to consider the economic, political, diplomatic and cultural relations between the European Union and Kazakhstan, as well as to propose recommendations for countries that are just beginning relations with the Union. The creation of a single dense economic and currency space on the European continent, the expansion of the Union, a strategy to advance the world economy, the formation of a common defense and security system, integration and components of global processes have become the main requirements of this union. Political, trade, economic and investment cooperation between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the EU is carried out within the framework of the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement signed on 23 January 1995 in Brussels and entered into force on 1 July 1999. On the basis of the agreement, it was possible to establish appropriate discussions on trade, investment, general economic relations, as well as cooperation in energy, transport, environment and finance. For the European Union, Kazakhstan has established partnerships in Central Asia as a key and effective partner. Thus, it became clear that Kazakhstan is a Eurasian state connecting Europe and Asia and a “Golden Bridge” in terms of geopolitical location.
Received: 29 November 2022Accepted: 08 February 2023
El simbolismo del piojo en el mundo andino. Boceto filológico
Authors: Souffez Marie-France 
Published: April 2023

El valor que se da al piojo varía según los lugares y las culturas del mundo. En las zonas urbanas peruanas es sinónimo de suciedad y pobreza. En las zonas rurales tradicionales andinas, nos parece estar asociado a la pobreza y a la riqueza, a la muerte y a la vida. Las modalidades y los matices de expresión de estas asociaciones forman el objeto de nuestro estudio. El presente artículo desarrolla un análisis parcial del vocabulario quechua y aimara relacionado con este parásito.
Re-empaquetando el CLPI: las conexiones globales y el debate sobre el consentimiento indígena para la extracción industrial de recursos
Authors: Szablowski David 
Published: April 2023

El presente artículo explora la disputa vigente sobre el principio queindica que se requiere el consentimiento libre, previo e informado(CLPI) de un pueblo indígena para autorizar la extracción industrialen su territorio. A partir de los aportes de la obra de Tsing acerca delas conexiones globales, el trabajo analiza cómo es que los actoresinterconectados en redes se empeñan en llevar adelante ampliosproyectos de colaboración (como el reconocimiento de los derechosindígenas) empleando estrategias de persuasión. Se discutenlos esfuerzos realizados por el movimiento indígena transnacionalpara promover el concepto del CLPI, así como tres ejemplos en losque diferentes actores buscan apropiarse y recaracterizar el CLPIpara que calce en sus propias metas.En este trabajo propongo examinar cómo los proyectos gubernamentalesglobales rivales son promovidos y disputados por las redesdescentralizadas que unen a actores que operan a diferentes escalas.Sostengo que la noción de Tsing de «paquetes itinerantes» ofreceuna manera útil de conceptualizar los medios por los cuales loselementos de estos proyectos son difundidos, traducidos, acogidosy adaptados en diferentes localidades alrededor del mundo. Analizoestas dinámicas en relación con el cuestionamiento al modelo degobernanza basado en el principio de que se necesita el consentimientolibre, previo e informado (CLPI) de un pueblo indígenapara autorizar acciones que puedan impactar sobre un territorio o derechos indígenas. A través de la promoción de diferentes versionesde CLPI, los actores interconectados en red están disputandola naturaleza y la forma de la responsabilidad social empresarial,la autoridad del Estado y la relevancia de la gobernanza indígena.Propongo explorar las implicaciones de las diferentes estrategias deempaquetamiento para la disputa entre modelos rivales de gobernanzay para su propensión a ser acogidos en los sitios locales.
¿Con o sin ancestros? Vigencia de lo ancestral en la Amazonía peruana
Authors: Mouriès Thomas 
Published: April 2023

La existencia o no de ancestros en la Amazonía indígena ha sidoobjeto de importantes debates. Sin embargo, los líderes de la región no dudan en llamar ‘ancestrales’ sus saberes, normas o territorios,en un sentido que, desde un punto de vista académico, puede parecer enigmático. «Ancestrales, pero… ¿con o sin ancestros?», preguntaría entonces, confuso, el antropólogo. En este artículo propongo aportar elementos de respuesta a estapregunta a través del caso peruano. Primero analizo cómo los líderes indígenas amazónicos, conectándose al circuito del derecho internacional, adoptan la noción jurídica de ‘posesión ancestral’ del territorio para adaptarla al ámbito político. Este planteamiento rinde cuenta de la generalización y uniformización reciente del vocablo ‘ancestral’ pero deja pendiente el problema de su eventual articulación con las cosmologías indígenas que pretende reflejar. Por eso, en la segunda parte, intento sondear sobre la pertinenciade la categoría de ‘ancestro’ en la Amazonía indígena, recordando brevemente el debate académico para ir definiendo en qué medida esta categoría puede cobrar sentido. A partir del testimonio de un experimentado líder awajún, la tercera parte permite, entonces, volver más explícitos los diferentes sentidos y planos referenciales que despliega la referencia a lo ancestral, mostrando cómo los indígenas amazónicos no solo adoptan elementos conceptuales y discursivos externos, sino que al mismo tiempo los transforman a partir de sus propias singularidades cosmológicas y perspectivas políticas.
Visualidades y materialidades de lo digital: caminos desde la antropología
Authors: Ardèvol Elisenda , Lanzeni Débora 
Published: April 2023

En este artículo presentamos una reflexión sobre cómo estudiamos lo digital desde una perspectiva antropológica y exploramos cómo se han planteado cuestiones como la diversidad cultural, las desigualdades sociales y las posibilidades de cambio y transformación social vin- culadas con las tecnologías digitales. Proponemos que es necesario abrir un debate sobre las conceptualizaciones de lo digital y cuáles son las categorías que utilizamos para describir los procesos de cambio y continuidad en lo cotidiano, así como el papel de las tecnologías en ellos. este planteamiento nos lleva a cuestionarnos cómo los etnó- grafos y etnógrafas hemos explorado las complejas relaciones entre las prácticas locales, los tránsitos globales y las tecnologías digitales; para ello, abordamos algunos caminos que ha tomado el abordaje de los aspectos materiales y visuales de lo digital en la creación cultural y en los medios de comunicación y nos preguntamos sobre la manera en que incorporamos lo digital en nuestra propia práctica etnográfica y producción de conocimiento antropológico.
Ética de la investigación etnográfica en los cibermundos
Authors: Márquez Israel 
Published: April 2023

Este artículo presenta una reflexión sobre la ética de la investigación etnográfica en los espacios sociales digitales conocidos como mundos virtuales o cibermundos. Partiendo de la propia experiencia del autor en los cibermundos Second Life, There, Onverse y Twinity, se exploran y analizan cuestiones relacionadas con la transparencia y presencia del etnógrafo en los cibermundos, las expectativas de privacidad o la cuestión del anonimato. si bien los cibermundos recogen problemas éticos presentes en la etnografía tradicional y virtual, también presentan nuevas dificultades y dilemas éticos que deben ser identificados y analizados desde un punto de vista crítico.
Testimonio y secretos de un pasado traumático: los ‘tiempos del peligro’ en el arte visual de Sarhua
Authors: González Olga 
Published: April 2023

El presente artículo discute el destino que tienen algunas memorias peligrosas asociadas al “conflicto armado interno” en el Perú. Mi estudio se centra en las experiencias con la violencia política en la comunidad campesina de Sarhua y sus representaciones en la serie de tablas pintadas Piraq Causa (Quién es causante?). Un análisis detallado de este testimonio visual revela cuáles son las memorias peligrosas a las que se les ha negado representación. Sostengo que estos silencios y ausencias dan expresión a “huecos traumáticos” vinculados a la violencia fratricida y al apoyo inicial de la comunidad a Sendero Luminoso. Asimismo mantengo que la serie Piraq Causa refleja el secretismo magnificado que existía en la comunidad de Sarhua con respecto a aquellos eventos que acordaron de manera deliberada “recordar para olvidar”. Desde esa perspectiva, propongo que los vacíos percibidos en la narrativa pictórica provocan el desenmascaramiento de lo “secretamente familiar” en Sarhua. En esa medida, Piraq Causa desenmascara tanto como afirma el secretismo sobre las memorias traumáticas de la violencia política.