bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Academic Medical Center Presence With Clinical Outcomes at Neighboring Community Hospitals Among Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Burke Laura G. , Burke Ryan C. , Orav E. John , Duggan Ciara E. , Figueroa Jose F. , Jha Ashish K. 
Published: February 2023

ImportanceStudies suggest that academic medical centers (AMCs) have better outcomes than nonteaching hospitals. However, whether AMCs have spillover benefits for patients treated at neighboring community hospitals is unknown.ObjectiveTo examine whether market-level AMC presence is associated with outcomes for patients treated at nonteaching hospitals within the same markets.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective, population-based cohort study assessed traditional Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older discharged from US acute care hospitals between 2015 and 2017 (100% sample). Data were analyzed from August 2021 to December 2022.ExposuresThe primary exposure was market-level AMC presence. Health care markets (ie, hospital referral regions) were categorized by AMC presence (percentage of hospitalizations at AMCs) as follows: no presence (0%), low presence (&amp;gt;0% to 20%), moderate presence (&amp;gt;20% to 35%), and high presence (&amp;gt;35%).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were 30-day and 90-day mortality and healthy days at home (HDAH), a composite outcome reflecting mortality and time spent in facility-based health care settings.ResultsThere were 22 509 824 total hospitalizations, with 18 865 229 (83.8%) at non-AMCs. The median (IQR) age of patients was 78 (71-85) years, and 12 568 230 hospitalizations (55.8%) were among women. Of 306 hospital referral regions, 191 (62.4%) had no AMCs, 61 (19.9%) had 1 AMC, and 55 (17.6%) had 2 or more AMCs. Markets characteristics differed significantly by category of AMC presence, including mean population, median income, proportion of White residents, and physicians per population. Compared with markets with no AMC presence, receiving care at a non-AMC in a market with greater AMC presence was associated with lower 30-day mortality (9.5% vs 10.1%; absolute difference, −0.7%; 95% CI, −1.0% to −0.4%; P &amp;lt; .001) and 90-day mortality (16.1% vs 16.9%; absolute difference, −0.8%; 95% CI, −1.2% to −0.4%; P &amp;lt; .001) and more HDAH at 30 days (16.49 vs 16.12 HDAH; absolute difference, 0.38 HDAH; 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.64 HDAH; P = .005) and 90 days (61.08 vs 59.83 HDAH; absolute difference, 1.25 HDAH; 95% CI, 0.58 to 1.92 HDAH; P &amp;lt; .001), after adjustment. There was no association between market-level AMC presence and mortality for patients treated at AMCs themselves.Conclusions and RelevanceAMCs may have spillover effects on outcomes for patients treated at non-AMCs, suggesting that they have a broader impact than is traditionally recognized. These associations are greatest in markets with the highest AMC presence and persist to 90 days.
Etiology of the Broad Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Phenotype in Swedish Twins Aged 6 to 12 Years
Authors: Dinkler Lisa , Wronski Marie-Louis , Lichtenstein Paul , Lundström Sebastian , Larsson Henrik , Micali Nadia , Taylor Mark J. , Bulik Cynthia M. 
Published: February 2023

ImportanceAvoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is characterized by an extremely limited range and/or amount of food eaten, resulting in the persistent failure to meet nutritional and/or energy needs. Its etiology is poorly understood, and knowledge of genetic and environmental contributions to ARFID is needed to guide future research.ObjectiveTo estimate the extent to which genetic and environmental factors contribute to the liability to the broad ARFID phenotype.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis nationwide Swedish twin study includes 16 951 twin pairs born between 1992 and 2010 whose parents participated in the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS) at twin age 9 or 12 years. CATSS was linked to the National Patient Register (NPR) and the Prescribed Drug Register (PDR). Data were collected from July 2004 to April 2020, and data were analyzed from October 2021 to October 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresFrom CATSS, NPR, and PDR, all parent reports, diagnoses, procedures, and prescribed drugs that were relevant to the DSM-5 ARFID criteria were extracted when twin pairs were aged 6 to 12 years and integrated into a composite measure for the ARFID phenotype (ie, avoidant/restrictive eating with clinically significant impact, such as low weight or nutritional deficiency, and with fear of weight gain as an exclusion). In sensitivity analyses, autism and medical conditions that could account for the eating disturbance were controlled for. Univariate liability threshold models were fitted to estimate the relative contribution of genetic and environmental variation to the liability to the ARFID phenotype.ResultsOf 33 902 included children, 17 151 (50.6%) were male. A total of 682 children (2.0%) with the ARFID phenotype were identified. The heritability of ARFID was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.70-0.85), with significant contributions from nonshared environmental factors (0.21; 95% CI, 0.15-0.30). Heritability was very similar when excluding children with autism (0.77; 95% CI, 0.67-0.84) or medical illnesses that could account for the eating disturbance (0.79; 95% CI, 0.70-0.86).Conclusions and RelevancePrevalence and sex distribution of the broad ARFID phenotype were similar to previous studies, supporting the use of existing epidemiological data to identify children with ARFID. This study of the estimated genetic and environmental etiology of ARFID suggests that ARFID is highly heritable, encouraging future twin and molecular genetic studies.
Constructing Mal‐Efferocytic Macrophage Model and Its Atherosclerotic Spheroids and Rat Model for Therapeutic Evaluation
Authors: Zou Dan , Yang Ping , Liu Jianan , Dai Fanfan , Xiao Yangyang , Zhao Ansha , Huang Nan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEfferocytosis, responsible for apoptotic cell clearance, is an essential factor against atherosclerosis. It is reported that efferocytosis is severely impaired in fibroatheroma, especially in vulnerable thin cap fibroatheroma. However, there is a shortage of studies on efferocytosis defects in cell and animal models. Here, the impacts of oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL) and glut 1 inhibitor (STF31) on efferocytosis of macrophages are studied, and an evaluation system is constructed. Through regulating the cell ratios and stimulus, three types of atherosclerotic spheroids are fabricated, and a necrotic core emerges with surrounding apoptotic cells. Rat models present a similar phenomenon in that substantial apoptotic cells are uncleared in time in vulnerable plaque, and the model period is shortened to 7 weeks. Mechanism studies reveal that ox‐LDL, through mRNA and miRNA modulation, downregulates efferocytosis receptor (PPARγ/LXRα/MerTK), internalization molecule (SLC29a1), and upregulates the competitive receptor CD300a that inhibits efferocytosis receptor‐ligand binding process. The foam cell differentiation has also confirmed that CD36 and Lp‐PLA2 levels are significantly elevated, and macrophages present an interesting transition into prothrombic phenotype. Collectively, the atherosclerotic models featured by efferocytosis defect provide a comprehensive platform to evaluate the efficacy of medicine and biomaterials for atherosclerosis treatment.
Rational Design of a Self‐Assembling High Performance Organic Nanofluorophore for Intraoperative NIR‐II Image‐Guided Tumor Resection of Oral Cancer
Authors: Sun Xianwei , Chintakunta Praveen Kumar , Badachhape Andrew A. , Bhavane Rohan , Lee Huan‐Jui , Yang David S. , Starosolski Zbigniew , Ghaghada Ketan B. , Vekilov Peter G. , Annapragada Ananth V. , Tanifum Eric A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe first line of treatment for most solid tumors is surgical resection of the primary tumor with adequate negative margins. Incomplete tumor resections with positive margins account for over 75% of local recurrences and the development of distant metastases. In cases of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the rate of successful tumor removal with adequate margins is just 50–75%. Advanced real‐time imaging methods that improve the detection of tumor margins can help improve success rates,overall safety, and reduce the cost. Fluorescence imaging in the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) window has the potential to revolutionize the field due to its high spatial resolution, low background signal, and deep tissue penetration properties, but NIR‐II dyes with adequate in vivo performance and safety profiles are scarce. A novel NIR‐II fluorophore, XW‐03‐66, with a fluorescence quantum yield (QY) of 6.0% in aqueous media is reported. XW‐03‐66 self‐assembles into nanoparticles (≈80 nm) and has a systemic circulation half‐life (t1/2) of 11.3 h. In mouse models of human papillomavirus (HPV)+ and HPV‐ OSCC, XW‐03‐66 outperformed indocyanine green (ICG), a clinically available NIR dye, and enabled intraoperative NIR‐II image‐guided resection of the tumor and adjacent draining lymph node with negative margins. In vitro and in vivo toxicity assessments revealed minimal safety concerns for in vivo applications.
Genome‐wide association study for bacterial leaf streak resistance in maize
Authors: Ruiz Marcos , Rossi Ezequiel A. , Bonamico Natalia C. , Balzarini Mónica G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMaize (Zea mays L.), one of the most important crops worldwide, is affected by foliar diseases that limit its global production. Bacterial diseases have increased in Argentina during the last years. The aim of this work was to explore a maize panel provided by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) to identify alleles associated with resistance to bacterial leaf streak (BLS) of maize, a disease caused by Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum, in central Argentina. A diverse panel of 200 maize lines was evaluated for resistance to bacterial diseases in four environments of central Argentina in 2020 and 2021. The predictor of the genetic merit does not include environmental effects and 46,990 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms obtained by genotyping‐by‐sequencing were used in the genome‐wide association study (GWAS). The 10 lines with the lowest severity across environments belonged to different environmental adaptation programs defined by CIMMYT. The GWAS allowed us to identify 11 genomic regions associated with BLS, located in chromosomes 1, 2, 5, 7, 8, and 9. Five of those regions, located in bins 1.04, 2.01, 5.03, 8.06, and 9.03, were associated with plant defense candidate genes such as strictosidine synthase‐like 11, protein‐serine/threonine phosphatase, and a putative Leucine‐Rich repeats receptor‐like serine/threonine‐protein kinase gene. Our study provides potential resistance alleles to BLS that can be incorporated to improve maize breeding programs.
Carotid intima media thickness and white matter hyperintensity volume among midlife women
Authors: Thurston Rebecca C. , Wu Minjie , Barinas‐Mitchell Emma , Chang Yuefang , Aizenstein Howard , Derby Carol A. , Maki Pauline M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionCarotid atherosclerosis may be associated with brain white matter hyperintensities (WMH). Few studies consider women at midlife, a critical time for women's cardiovascular and brain health. We tested the hypothesis that higher carotid intima media thickness (IMT) would be associated with greater WMH volume (WMHV) among midlife women. We explored interactions by apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 status.MethodsTwo hundred thirty‐nine women aged 45 to 67 underwent carotid artery ultrasound, phlebotomy, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). One hundred seventy participants had undergone an ultrasound 5 years earlier.ResultsHigher IMT was associated with greater whole brain (B[standard error (SE)] = 0.77 [.31], P = 0.01; multivariable) and periventricular (B[SE] = 0.80 [.30], P = 0.008; multivariable) WMHV. Associations were observed for IMT assessed contemporaneously with the MRI and 5 years prior to the MRI. Associations were strongest for APOE ε4–positive women.DiscussionAmong midlife women, higher IMT was associated with greater WMHV. Vascular risk is critical to midlife brain health, particularly for APOE ε4–positive women.
Effect of polyethylene internal structure on antibacterial properties of nanosilver composites
Authors: Tian Chengcheng , Li Yang , Wang Ying , Hu Xinlu , Liu Li‐Zhi , Shi Ying 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe antibacterial properties of nanosilver polyethylene packaging play a pivotal role in the fields of food packaging. The difference in the crystalline structure of the materials will affect the migration of nanosilver in polyethylene, thereby affecting the antibacterial rate. A series of nanosilver/polyolefin composite films were prepared by melt blending. The investigation included scanning electron microscope‐energy‐dispersed analysis of X‐ray, melt index, thermal properties, small‐angle laser scattering, small‐angle X‐ray scattering, and optical properties, as well as antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. The results indicate that the material with a higher melt index has better fluidity and the higher antibacterial rate. Moreover, nanosilver is uniformly dispersed in the substrate. Nanosilver can increase the long period without affecting the crystalline region. For these neat materials, HDPE has the thickest lamellae, which is easier to inhibit the migration of silver, and has the lowest antibacterial rate. Meanwhile, materials with low crystallinity exhibited high antibacterial properties. The crystallinity of the composites was slightly increased by the induction of silver nanoparticles. The optical properties show that nanosilver can reduce the size of spherulites and improve the optical properties of the composites. The research has guiding significance for the commercial production of polyethylene antibacterial packaging materials.
Fe‐containing metal–organic framework with D‐penicillamine for cancer‐specific hydrogen peroxide generation and enhanced chemodynamic therapy
Authors: Ji Han Bi , Kim Cho Rim , Min Chang Hee , Han Jae Hoon , Kim Se‐Na , Lee Cheol , Choy Young Bin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractChemodynamic therapy (CDT) is based on the production of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species, such as hydroxyl radicals (•OH). Thus, CDT can be advantageous when it is cancer‐specific, in terms of efficacy and safety. Therefore, we propose NH2‐MIL‐101(Fe), a Fe‐containing metal–organic framework (MOF), as a carrier of Cu (copper)‐chelating agent, d‐penicillamine (d‐pen; i.e., the NH2‐MIL‐101(Fe)/d‐pen), as well as a catalyst with Fe‐metal clusters for Fenton reaction. NH2‐MIL‐101(Fe)/d‐pen in the form of nanoparticles was efficiently taken into cancer cells and released d‐pen in a sustained manner. The released d‐pen chelated Cu that is highly expressed in cancer environments and this produces extra H2O2, which is then decomposed by Fe in NH2‐MIL‐101(Fe) to generate •OH. Therefore, the cytotoxicity of NH2‐MIL‐101(Fe)/d‐pen was observed in cancer cells, not in normal cells. We also suggest a formulation of NH2‐MIL‐101(Fe)/d‐pen combined with NH2‐MIL‐101(Fe) loaded with the chemotherapeutic drug, irinotecan (CPT‐11; NH2‐MIL‐101(Fe)/CPT‐11). When intratumorally injected into tumor‐bearing mice in vivo, this combined formulation exhibited the most prominent anticancer effects among all tested formulations, owing to the synergistic effect of CDT and chemotherapy.
Novel VEGFR‐2 Kinase Inhibitors as Anticancer Agents: A Review Focusing on SAR and Molecular Docking Studies (2016–2021)
Authors: S. Vishakha , Kajal Kumari , Mondal Sitanshu , Wahan Simranpreet K. , Das Kurmi Balak , Das Gupta Ghanshyam , Patel Preeti 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCancer growth, annexation, and metastatic spread are all aided by the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis). The commencement of the VEGF pathway leads to signal transduction that enhances endothelial cell survival, relocation, and divergence from pre‐existing vasculature. The ability of solid malignancies to bloom and spread depends critically on their ability to establish their independent blood circulation (tumor angiogenesis). VEGFR is a major receptor tyrosine kinase that regulates angiogenesis, cell growth, and metastasis, diminishing apoptosis, cytoskeletal function, and other biological processes VEGFR has proven to be a remarkable focus for a variety of anticancer medicines in clinical studies. This Review explores the development of anti‐VEGF‐based antiangiogenic therapies having different scaffolds. This review had focused on SAR and docking studies of previously reported molecules.
The relationship between the fine structure of amylopectin and the type of crystalline allomorph of starch granules in rice endosperm
Authors: Nakamura Yasunori , Yashiro Kazuki , Matsuba Go , Wang Yifei , Mizutani Goro , Ono Masami , Bao Jinsong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIt is known that any wild‐type varieties of cereals so far examined have A‐type starch crystals in their endosperm whereas their starch branching enzyme 2b (be2b) mutants that are usually referred to as amylose‐extender (ae) mutants produce B‐type starch crystals. The present study aimed to examine the structural features of amylopectin which are responsible for the A‐type or B‐type crystalline allomorphs of starch granules by using starches in wild‐type japonica and indica rice varieties and their be2b (ae) mutants.FindingsThe average length of chains of A‐type amylopectin was markedly shorter than that of B‐type amylopectin. It was also thought that A‐type amylopectin had two types of branches, namely the first branches were formed mainly by BEI in the basal region of the cluster and the second branches were synthesized specifically by BEIIb inside the cluster. These differences caused the average length of double helices formed by cluster constituent chains to be shorter in wild‐types than that in their be2b mutants, and these differences changed the crystalline allomorph of starch granules to B‐type in the mutants from A‐type in their wild‐types, as examined by wide angle X‐ray diffraction and sum frequency generation spectroscopy.ConclusionsCombined with these observations and calculations of chain‐length of hypothetical A chains in four types of amylopectin molecules, it was concluded that both the average length of external segments of cluster chains and the formation of the second branches inside the cluster greatly affect the crystal types of starch granules.Significance and NoveltyThe novel findings in the present study can provide new insights into the structural features of amylopectin which determine the A‐type or B‐type crystalline allomorph of starch granules of cereals.
Recent advances in quantum dot catalysts for hydrogen evolution: Synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic application
Authors: Su Haiwei , Wang Weikang , Shi Run , Tang Hua , Sun Lijuan , Wang Lele , Liu Qinqin , Zhang Tierui 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPhotocatalytic water splitting is beneficial for the effective mitigation of global energy and environmental crises. Owing to multi‐exciton generation, impressive light harvesting, and excellent photochemical properties, the quantum dot (QD)‐based catalysts reveal a considerable potential in photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) production compared with bulk competitors. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in QDs for photocatalytic H2 production by enumerating different synthetic and characterization strategies for QDs. Various QDs‐based photocatalysts are introduced and summarized in categories, and the role of different QDs in varied systems, as well as the mechanism and key factors that enhance the photocatalytic H2 generation performance, is discussed. Finally, conclusions and future perspectives in the exploration of highly efficient QDs‐based photocatalysts for innovative applications are highlighted.
High‐Throughput Experimentation as an Accessible Technology for Academic Organic Chemists in Europe and Beyond**
Authors: Caldentey Xisco , Romero Eugénie 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFor years now, High‐Throughput Experimentation (HTE) have been applied to organic chemistry for reaction optimization and reaction discovery as a powerful tool for time and cost reduction. If this technology has been first developed by and for industry, and used as a routine method today, some academic researchers, including in Europe, are still challenging the accessibility of HTE as a general and daily used technology. One of the reasons is probably the expensive cost of such facilities development, which generally involves automation with robots, dedicated research teams, and expensive analytical instrumentation. This paper aims at bringing to light the accessibility of batch HTE with a minimum of instrumentation and cost, in order to help organic chemists to accelerate the discovery and optimization of new synthetic methodology, leading them to reduce their costs and empower their innovative research.
In Silico Design of Dihydroazulene/Vinylheptafulvene Photoswitches for Solar‐Energy Storage Guided by an All‐Around Performance Descriptor**
Authors: Arpa Enrique M. , Durbeej Bo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA major challenge in the development of molecular photoswitches capable of storing and releasing solar energy is to simultaneously realize many of the performance criteria required of the switches for such applications. Here, we take on this challenge by introducing an all‐around performance descriptor that combines three key criteria (related to energy density, storage time and light‐absorption characteristics), and by using density functional theory methods to calculate its values for 52 newly designed dihydroazulene/vinylheptafulvene (DHA/VHF) switches. Thereby, we are able to identify several switches with excellent overall properties that contain a structural motif absent in all DHA/VHF compounds previously considered for solar‐energy storage. For some of these switches, we also provide retrosynthetic analyses and demonstrate that they form the energy‐storing VHF isomer through a facile DHA→VHF photoisomerization reaction. All in all, we conclude that these switches show great promise for further development towards applications in solar‐energy storage.