bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing intermediate band solar cell performances through quantum engineering of dot states by droplet epitaxy
Authors: Scaccabarozzi Andrea , Vichi Stefano , Bietti Sergio , Cesura Federico , Aho Timo , Guina Mircea , Cappelluti Federica , Acciarri Maurizio , Sanguinetti Stefano 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe report the effect of the quantum dot aspect ratio on the sub‐gap absorption properties of GaAs/AlGaAs quantum dot intermediate band solar cells. We have grown AlGaAs solar cells containing GaAs quantum dots made by droplet epitaxy. This technique allows the realization of strain‐free nanostructures with lattice matched materials, enabling the possibility to tune the size, shape, and aspect ratio to engineer the optical and electrical properties of devices. Intermediate band solar cells have been grown with different dot aspect ratio, thus tuning the energy levels of the intermediate band. Here, we show how it is possible to tune the sub‐gap absorption spectrum and the extraction of charge carriers from the intermediate band states by simply changing the aspect ratio of the dots. The tradeoff between thermal and optical extraction is in fact fundamental for the correct functioning of the intermediate band solar cells. The combination of the two effects makes the photonic extraction mechanism from the quantum dots increasingly dominant at room temperature, allowing for a reduction of the open circuit voltage of only 14 mV, compared to the reference cell.
Biodegradation of pretreated polyethylene film by Pseudomonas aeruginosa AMB‐CD‐1
Authors: Sunil  , Chowdhury Tapas , Soni Ravindra 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA comparative study evaluated the acid, alkali, and heat‐treated polyethylene biodegradation efficiency of Pseudomonas aeruginosa AMB‐CD‐1. The polyethylene (PE) pieces were separately treated with heat (50°C), acid (1N HCl), and alkali (1N NaOH) and then washed with water before use. All the treated samples were analyzed through thermogravimetric analysis. In addition, weight and temperature changes during the decomposition reactions were also measured and determined. In these treatments, the PE films of heat‐treated and acid‐treated low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) indicated more significant weight loss at 120°C (48.99% and 40.75%, respectively) as compared to their control or untreated PE and alkali‐treated LDPE (21.84% and 24.68%, respectively). A biodegradation assay was then conducted with treated and untreated LDPE films with P. aeruginosa AMB‐CD‐1 strain. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed that the heat or acid‐pretreated samples with isolate AMB‐CD‐1 displayed peaks at 2922.84, 2923.97, and 1450.31, 874.22 cm−1 for C–H stretching deformation vibration, CH2 scissoring vibration, –CHO stretching, and strong alkyl structure, respectively. Furthermore, the new peaks with a significant difference at 2500–2000 cm−1 (O═C═O, O–H stretching vibration: carboxylic acid) and 1500–1000 cm−1 (–CHO and C═O stretching) were noticed in the infrared spectral range of LDPE degradation. Modifications in the functional group provided evidence that biodegradation had impacted the chemical structure of the LDPE film. Additionally, it was demonstrated that pretreating LDPE films with heat or acid could speed up their biodegradation.
Error feedback sliding mode regulator
Authors: Martin del Campo Maximiliano , Loukianov Alexander G. , Huerta Avila Hector , Utkin Vadim 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this article, the problem of nonlinear sliding mode (SM) regulation is addressed for nonlinear systems in general and regular form that are subject to unmodelled disturbances. In particular, the error feedback SM regulator problem is defined, taking the concepts related to the zero output tracking submanifold as a starting point. Applying the internal model concept to the time‐invariant SM equation, the solvability conditions to the problem are derived. A nonlinear extended observer is proposed, and using the observer states, a sliding manifold is formulated. A SM control algorithm is proposed to ensure the designed manifold to be attractive, achieving robustness with respect to allowed uncertainties resulting in the tracking error to be uniformly ultimately bounded. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by the application of the regulator to a third order nonlinear non‐minimum phase system.
Impact of Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) on The Thermogelation Property and Drug Release Profile of Ophthalmic Formulations Based on Poloxamer 407
Authors: Dewan Mitali , Adhikari Arpita , Dutta Koushik , Chattopadhyay Dipankar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this study, we have designed and assessed a Ketorolac tromethamine (KT) based thermally responsive in situocular gelling system. These gelling systems consist of a thermally responsive in situ gelling polymer, poloxamer 407 (PM) and different molecular weight of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as release retardant. The formulations were analyzed for sol‐gel transition temperature, gelling aptitude, viscosity and rheological studies, gel morphology study, gel dissolution property and in vitro drug release study. FTIR spectral analysis was performed to explore any polymer‐polymer or drug‐polymer association. In comparison to commercially available drugs, the new formulations present a longer‐lasting drug release profile.
High Performance Low‐Temperature Lithium Metal Batteries Enabled by Tailored Electrolyte Solvation Structure
Authors: Zou Yuxi , Cheng Fangyuan , Lu Yu , Xu Yue , Fang Chun , Han Jiantao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe electrochemical performances of lithium metal batteries are determined by the kinetics of interfacial de‐solvation and ion transport, especially at low‐temperature environments. Here, a novel electrolyte that easily de‐solvated and conducive to interfacial film formation is designed for low‐temperature lithium metal batteries. A fluorinated carboxylic ester, diethyl fluoromalonate (DEFM), and a fluorinated carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) are used as solvents, while high concentrated lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) is served as the solute. Through tailoring the electrolyte formulation, the lithium ions in the high concentrated fluorinated carboxylic ester electrolyte are mainly combined with anions, which weakens the bonding strength of lithium ions and solvent molecules in the solvation structure, beneficial to the de‐solvation process at low temperature. The fluorinated carboxylic ester (FCE) electrolyte enables the LiFePO4 (LFP) | Li half‐cell achieves a high capacity of 91.9 mAh g−1 at −30 °C, with high F content in the interface. With optimized de‐solvation kinetics, the LFP | Li full cell remains over 100 mAh g−1 at 0 °C after cycling 100 cycles. Building new solvents with outstanding low‐temperature properties and weaker solvation to match with Li metal anode, this work brings new possibilities of realizing high energy density and low temperature energy storage batteries.
3D Printing‐Assisted Self‐Assembly to Bio‐Inspired Bouligand Nanostructures
Authors: Esmaeili Mohsen , Norouzi Sepideh , George Kyle , Rezvan Gelareh , Taheri‐Qazvini Nader , Sadati Monirosadat 
Published: February 2023

AbstractArchitected materials with nano/microscale orders can provide superior mechanical properties; however, reproducing such levels of ordering in complex structures has remained challenging. Inspired by Bouligand structures in nature, here, 3D printing of complex geometries with guided long‐order radially twisted chiral hierarchy, using cellulose nanocrystals (CNC)‐based inks is presented. Detailed rheological measurements, in situ flow analysis, polarized optical microscopy (POM), and director field analysis are employed to evaluate the chiral assembly over the printing process. It is demonstrated that shear flow forces inside the 3D printer's nozzle orient individual CNC particles forming a pseudo‐nematic phase that relaxes to uniformly aligned concentric chiral nematic structures after the flow cessation. Acrylamide, a photo‐curable monomer, is incorporated to arrest the concentric chiral arrangements within the printed filaments. The time series POM snapshots show that adding the photo‐curable monomer at the optimized concentrations does not interfere with chiral self‐assemblies and instead increases the chiral relaxation rate. Due to the liquid‐like nature of the as‐printed inks, optimized Carbopol microgels are used to support printed filaments before photo‐polymerization. By paving the path towards developing bio‐inspired materials with nanoscale hierarchies in larger‐scale printed constructs, this biomimetic approach expands 3D printing materials beyond what has been realized so far.
Dynamic Pluronic F127 Crosslinking Enhancement of Biopolymeric Nanocomposites for Piezo‐Triboelectric Single‐Hybrid Nanogenerators and Self‐Powered Sensors
Authors: Mensah Alfred , Liao Shiqin , Amesimeku Jeremiah , Lv Pengfei , Chen Yajun , Wei Qufu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBiomechanical and nanomechanical energy harvesting systems have gained a wealth of interest, resulting in a plethora of research into the development of biopolymeric‐based devices as sustainable alternatives. Piezoelectric, triboelectric, and hybrid nanogenerator devices for electrical applications are engineered and fabricated using innovative, sustainable, facile‐approach flexible composite films with high performance based on bacterial cellulose and BaTiO3, intrinsically and structurally enhanced by Pluronic F127, a micellar cross‐linker. The voltage and current outputs of the modified versions with multiwalled carbon nanotube as a conductivity enhancer and post‐poling effect are 38 V and 2.8 µA cm−2, respectively. The multiconnective devices’ power density can approach 10 µW cm−2. The rectified output power is capable of charging capacitors, driving light‐emitting diode lights, powering a digital watch and interfacing with a commercial microcontroller board to operate as a piezoresistive force sensor switch as a proof of concept. Magnetoelectric studies show that the composites have the potential to be incorporated into magnetoelectric systems. The biopolymeric composites prove to be desirable candidates for multifunctional energy harvesters and electronic devices.
Linear Conjugated Coordination Polymers for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Lu Chuangye , Zhu Da , Su Yan , Xu Hong , Gu Cheng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractConjugated coordination polymers (CCPs) have attracted extensive attention for various applications related to energy storage and conversion in the past few years, despite that there are many CCPs with unclear chemical states and structures. Here, linear CCPs (LCCPs), with metal–O4 active sites grown on carbon paper (CP) for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), are presented. The LCCPs with high crystallinity and simple structures exhibit the order of electrocatalytic activity of Co–O4 > Ni–O4 > Fe–O4 in terms of the metal–O4 centers. The Co‐based LCCP shows higher OER performance (263 mV at 10 mA cm−2) and better durability (90 h at 30 mA cm−2) than commercial IrO2/CP. The structures and chemical states of LCCPs are carefully investigated, and density functional theory is used to reveal the mechanism of OER at the central metal site. This investigation into LCCPs provides new sights for a better understanding of CCPs and expands the applications of LCCPs with metal–O4 sites.
Surface and Interface Regulation of MXenes: Methods and Properties
Authors: Zhang Tianze , Chang Libo , Xiao Xu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSince the discovery of Ti3C2Tx in 2011, 2D transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, known as MXenes, have been attracting great attention as the emerging member of 2D materials. The surface terminations, intercalants, and the interfaces between MXenes and other substances are of importance for tuning the properties of MXenes. For instance, surface termination of MXenes can change the density of states at the Fermi levels to make MXenes electronically tunable. Different terminations can lead to band opening and changes in behavior from metallic to semiconducting, as well as dramatic changes in the work function of MXenes. On the other hand, electron transfer occurring at the interface between MXenes and other substances due to the physical interaction/chemical bonding, changes the electron configuration of MXenes and realizes the functionalization. In this review, the most up‐to‐date progress of the surface and interface regulation of MXenes is comprehensively summarized, introducing the effect of various synthesis methods on the surface and interface chemistry, the routes on tuning the surface and interface chemistry, and the related potential applications. Finally, the perspective of the future research directions and challenges on surface and interface regulation is outlined.
Improving the Performance and High‐Field Stability of FAPbBr3 Single Crystals in X‐Ray Detection with Chenodeoxycholic Acid Additive
Authors: Jiang Wei , Ren Jiwei , Li Haibin , Liu Dan , Yang Lijun , Xiong Ying , Zhao Yiying 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOrganometal halide perovskite single crystals are one of the most promising radiation detection materials due to their unique advantages of high absorption coefficient, long carrier diffusion length, and low defect density. However, the severe ion migration in perovskites deteriorates the X‐ray detection performance under longtime and high‐field operating conditions. This work reports an effective additive of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), which can suppress the ion migration and improve the performance and the operational stability of FAPbBr3 single crystals (SCs) in X‐ray detection significantl. The CDCA molecules in precursors effectively suppress the decomposition of FA ions, resulting in a better crystal orientation and stoichiometry. The trace amounts of CDCA residues in FAPbBr3 SCs improve the thermal stability and effectively suppress the ion migration. The resulting detector shows an impressive X‐ray sensitivity up to 21 386.88 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 under −500 V and a detection limit of 15.23 nGyair s−1. The response current of the detector at 225 V cm−1 field is barely changed under the 7200 s irradiation with a dose rate of 1.949 mGyair s−1. This work provides insights for the additive selection and improving the operational stability of perovskite single crystals for commercial applications.
Structural behavior of RC beams strengthened using fiber‐reinforced polymer U‐jackets
Authors: Maras Muslum Murat , Kantarci Fatih 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe study aims to identify flexural behavior of RC beams strengthened using three different fiber‐reinforced polymers (FRPs) with differential cross‐sections configuration (i.e., middle and support sections). The experimental and calculations results of strengthening methods for RC beams were investigated utilizing FRPs under flexural loading. The strengthening FRP materials (CFRP, AFRP, and GFRP) were externally attached to the surface of the samples with U‐wrapped shape at the three different regions of the beams. The experimental results were compared with the fiber polymer systems of the American Concrete Institute according to the ACI 440.2R‐08 standards. The results demonstrated that RC‐9 specimen reinforced using AFRP exhibited higher load capacity performance than the others. The RC beams strengthened at both middle and support area exhibited more ductile behavior, which depends on the failure mode. Less crack formation was seen in the RC‐10 beams reinforced with AFRP, both in the middle and in the support area, compared with reference sample. The experiment revealed that FRP U‐jackets could be a promotive alternative to improve structural performance greatly and provide reliable and suitable solutions for sustainable buildings.
Fluorinated Vinyl Sulfonium Salts and Their Synthetic Utilization
Authors: Hanamoto Takeshi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe fluorinated building block strategy and the direct fluorination strategy are of great importance for the synthesis of new fluorinated molecules. These strategies complement each other and can be combined to develop a new methodology for the construction of a wide variety of fascinating organofluorine compounds. In our opinion, the versatile building blocks used in this method should satisfy the following conditions: 1) readily prepared from commercially available reagents; 2) easy to handle; 3) storage under ordinary conditions without noticeable decomposition; 4) wide applicability. Based on the aforementioned requirements, we focused on the use of vinyl sulfonium salts. This brief review describes the synthesis of five types of fluorinated vinyl sulfonium salts and their reactions. Especially, we featured typical fluorinated groups containing trifluoromethyl (CF3), difluoromethyl (CF2H), monofluoromethyl (CFH2), monofluoro (F) or β‐bromotetrafluoroethyl (BrCF2CF2) moieties in combination with vinyl sulfonium salts.
Bilateral patellar aplasia in a foal
Authors: Ludwig Elsa K. , Hallowell Kim , Womble Mandy , O'Neil Erin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA 2‐day‐old Cleveland Bay colt was referred to the Equine Emergency Service of the Farm Animal and Equine Veterinary Medical Center at North Carolina State University's College of Veterinary Medicine for evaluation of decreased nursing behaviour and right hindlimb lameness of 2 days’ duration. When assisted to stand, the foal was unable to extend either hindlimb or bear weight on the hindlimbs, the right patella was luxated laterally and unable to be reduced, and the foal assumed a crouched position. Stifle radiographs revealed minimal, heterogeneous, ill‐defined ossification of both patellae. Due to the severity of the musculoskeletal defects, humane euthanasia was elected. Post‐mortem examination identified a congenital malformation of both patella bones with failure of ossification and cardiac changes suggestive of right atrioventricular valve dysplasia. Histology of the patellae showed no evidence of osteoid deposition or ossification. To our knowledge, bilateral congenital patellar aplasia has not been previously described in foals.
Synthesis, Characterization and Cytotoxic Activities of Half‐sandwich Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl Iridium(III) Complexes Containing 4,4'‐substituted 2,2'‐Bipyridine Ligands
Authors: Graf Marion , Ochs Jasmine , Metzler‐Nolte Nils , Mayer Peter , Böttcher Hans‐Christian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of six new organometallic half‐sandwich iridium(III) compounds containing modified 4,4'‐substituted 2,2'‐bipyridines as the bidentate co‐ligands were described. Thus the compounds [Ir(η5‐C5Me5)(N^N)Cl]PF6 [N^N: 4,4'‐bpy‐Ph, 1; 4,4'‐bpy‐Me, 2; 4,4'‐bpy‐nonyl, 3; 4,4'‐bpy‐CH2OH, 4; 4,4'‐bpy‐Cl, 5; 4,4'‐bpy‐NH2, 6 were obtained by bridge‐splitting reactions from the precursor [{Ir(η5‐C5Me5)(μ‐Cl)Cl}2] with the corresponding bidentate bipyridines. The X‐ray single‐crystal structures of compounds 1, 2, 4 and 6 in the solid state were determined. To evaluate the cytotoxic properties of all six compounds, colorimetric assays (MTT assay) against two cancer cell lines, MCF‐7 and HT‐29, were performed. Most promising results were achieved for compounds 1 and 3 with nonpolar phenyl or nonyl group attached to the bipyridine ligand, while the substitution with less lipophilic groups led to the inactivation of the compound. The most remarkable biological activity showed compound 3 with an IC50 value in the low macromolecular range and >40‐fold enhanced toxicity compared to cisplatin against both cell lines.
Shadow celestial amplitudes
Authors: Chang Chi-Ming , Cui Wei , Ma Wen-Jie , Shu Hongfei , Zou Hao 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We study scattering amplitudes in the shadow conformal primary basis, which satisfies the same defining properties as the original conformal primary basis and has many advantages over it. The shadow celestial amplitudes exhibit locality manifestly on the celestial sphere, and behave like correlation functions in conformal field theory under the operator product expansion (OPE) limit. We study the OPE limits for three-point shadow celestial amplitude, and general 2 → n − 2 shadow celestial amplitudes from a certain class of Feynman diagrams. In particular, we compute the conformal block expansion of the s-channel four-point shadow celestial amplitude of massless scalars at tree-level, and show that the expansion coefficients factorize as products of OPE coefficients.
A tale of two theories of gravity in asymptotically Anti-de Sitter spacetime
Authors: Durka Remigiusz , Kowalski-Glikman Jerzy 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We consider two BF formulations of the theory of gravity with a negative cosmological constant, of Plebanski and of MacDowell-Mansouri. Both give the standard Einstein equations in the bulk but differ in expressions of edge charges. We compute the asymptotic charges explicitly in both theories for AdS-Schwarzschild, AdS-Kerr, and AdS-Taub-NUT solutions. We find that while in the case of the Plebanski theory the charges are divergent, they are finite for MacDowell-Mansouri theory. Furthermore, we show that in the case of the arbitrary asymptotically AdS spacetimes, MacDowell-Mansouri asymptotic charges, action, and symplectic form are all finite. Therefore MacDowell-Mansouri theory of gravity in asymptotically AdS spaces does not need any counterterms.
Predictive and Prognostic Role of Tumor‐Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Patients with Advanced Breast Cancer Treated with Primary Systemic Therapy
Authors: Agarwal Gaurav , Vishvak Chanthar K. M. M. , Katiyar Shweta , Kumari Niraj , Krishnani Narendra , Sabaretnam M. , Chand Gyan , Mishra Anjali , Lal Punita 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionTumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are gaining recognition as an important immunological biomarker with therapeutic potential in breast cancer. In this cohort study conducted on patients with advanced breast cancer treated with primary systemic therapy (PST), the TILs concentration was correlated with response to PST and survival outcomes.MethodsPatients with primary breast cancer treated with PST between 2016 and 2020 were included in this study, approved by IEC, and registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05250336). Tumor core biopsies obtained prior to starting treatment from 489 patients were assessed for the proportion of stromal TILs by standardized method and categorized into low (0–10% immune cells), intermediate (11–59%), and high (≥ 60%) TILs. TIL concentration and complete pathological response (pCR), disease‐free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) were correlated.ResultsOf the 489 patients, 372 matched the eligibility criteria for assessment of TILs and made the final study cohort. Among these, 135 were luminal, 129 HER2‐enriched, and 108 triple‐negative breast cancers (TNBC). Proportions of patients with high TILs were greater in TNBC (15.7%) and HER2‐enriched (9.3%), compared to luminal cancers (4.4%). High TIL concentration was correlated with higher pCR in all subtypes. A pCR was achieved in 33.3, 50, and 52.9% of high TIL patients in luminal, HER2‐enriched, and TNBC subtypes, respectively (p < 0.05). High TILs were linked to longer DFS and OS in TNBC and HER2‐enriched breast cancers.ConclusionIn this first study of its kind from a low‐ and middle‐income country, high TILs concentration was found to be a predictor of response to PST across all breast cancer subtypes. TILs concentration was found predictive of better DFS and OS in TNBC and HER2‐enriched cancers. Prognostic role of TILs in luminal cancers was not so apparent.