bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving drug-target affinity prediction via feature fusion and knowledge distillation
Authors: Lu Ruiqiang , Wang Jun , Li Pengyong , Li Yuquan , Tan Shuoyan , Pan Yiting , Liu Huanxiang , Gao Peng , Xie Guotong , Yao Xiaojun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Rapid and accurate prediction of drug-target affinity can accelerate and improve the drug discovery process. Recent studies show that deep learning models may have the potential to provide fast and accurate drug-target affinity prediction. However, the existing deep learning models still have their own disadvantages that make it difficult to complete the task satisfactorily. Complex-based models rely heavily on the time-consuming docking process, and complex-free models lacks interpretability. In this study, we introduced a novel knowledge-distillation insights drug-target affinity prediction model with feature fusion inputs to make fast, accurate and explainable predictions. We benchmarked the model on public affinity prediction and virtual screening dataset. The results show that it outperformed previous state-of-the-art models and achieved comparable performance to previous complex-based models. Finally, we study the interpretability of this model through visualization and find it can provide meaningful explanations for pairwise interaction. We believe this model can further improve the drug-target affinity prediction for its higher accuracy and reliable interpretability.
MKMR: a multi-kernel machine regression model to predict health outcomes using human microbiome data
Authors: Li Bing , Wang Tian , Qian Min , Wang Shuang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStudies have found that human microbiome is associated with and predictive of human health and diseases. Many statistical methods developed for microbiome data focus on different distance metrics that can capture various information in microbiomes. Prediction models were also developed for microbiome data, including deep learning methods with convolutional neural networks that consider both taxa abundance profiles and taxonomic relationships among microbial taxa from a phylogenetic tree. Studies have also suggested that a health outcome could associate with multiple forms of microbiome profiles. In addition to the abundance of some taxa that are associated with a health outcome, the presence/absence of some taxa is also associated with and predictive of the same health outcome. Moreover, associated taxa may be close to each other on a phylogenetic tree or spread apart on a phylogenetic tree. No prediction models currently exist that use multiple forms of microbiome-outcome associations. To address this, we propose a multi-kernel machine regression (MKMR) method that is able to capture various types of microbiome signals when doing predictions. MKMR utilizes multiple forms of microbiome signals through multiple kernels being transformed from multiple distance metrics for microbiomes and learn an optimal conic combination of these kernels, with kernel weights helping us understand contributions of individual microbiome signal types. Simulation studies suggest a much-improved prediction performance over competing methods with mixture of microbiome signals. Real data applicants to predict multiple health outcomes using throat and gut microbiome data also suggest a better prediction of MKMR than that of competing methods.
Culture and Gender Differences in Willingness to Compete
Authors: Hauge Karen Evelyn , Kotsadam Andreas , Riege Anine 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We investigate how culture affects gender differences in willingness to compete in a large pre-registered experiment using an epidemiological approach. Our sample of 1,943 Norwegians with parents born in 59 different countries shows a smaller gender gap in willingness to compete among individuals of more gender-equal ancestries. The difference is driven by women with parents from more gender-equal countries wanting to compete more and men with the same ancestry wanting to compete less. The results are robust to controlling for a large set of factors at the individual, parental and ancestral country levels, indicating that gendered culture shapes competitive preferences.
Epicardial open chest ventricular tachycardia ablation in no entry left ventricle
Authors: Kronenberger Rani , Pannone Luigi , de Asmundis Carlo , La Meir Mark 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A 57-year-old patient with a history of aortic and mitral mechanical valve replacement was admitted with recurrent implantable cardioverter device shocks and antitachycardia pacing therapies. On electrocardiogram, the clinical ventricular tachycardia (VT) was compatible with an antero-lateral peri-mitral basal exit. Because of the inability to access the left ventricle through a percutaneous approach, epicardial VT ablation was performed. The VT and a second VT, consistently induced and coming from the left ventricular apex, were successfully treated with epicardial cryoablation via median sternotomy under cardiopulmonary bypass.
Prediction of

s

urvival

a

fter a

l

ung

t

ransplant at

1

year (SALTO cohort) using information available at different key time points
Authors: Belaroussi Yaniss , Hustache-Castaing Romain , Maury Jean-Michel , Lehot Laurent , Rodriguez Arnaud , Demant Xavier , Rozé Hadrien , Brioude Geoffrey , D’Journo Xavier-Benoit , Drevet Gabrielle , Tronc Francois , Mathoulin-Pélissier Simone , Jougon Jacques , Thomas Pascal-Alexandre , Thumerel Matthieu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
A lung transplant is the final treatment option for end-stage lung disease. We evaluated the individual risk of 1-year mortality at each stage of the lung transplant process.

METHODS
This study was a retrospective analysis of patients undergoing bilateral lung transplants between January 2014 and December 2019 in 3 French academic centres. Patients were randomly divided into development and validation cohorts. Three multivariable logistic regression models of 1-year mortality were applied (i) at recipient registration, (ii) the graft allocation and (iii) after the operation. The 1-year mortality was predicted for individual patients assigned to 3 risk groups at time points A to C.

RESULTS
The study population consisted of 478 patients with a mean (standard deviation) age of 49.0 (14.3) years. The 1-year mortality rate was 23.0%. There were no significant differences in patient characteristics between the development (n = 319) and validation (n = 159) cohorts. The models analysed recipient, donor and intraoperative variables. The discriminatory power (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) was 0.67 (0.62–0.73), 0.70 (0.63–0.77) and 0.82 (0.77–0.88), respectively, in the development cohort and 0.74 (0.64–0.85), 0.76 (0.66–0.86) and 0.87 (0.79 – 0.95), respectively, in the validation cohort. Survival rates were significantly different among the low- (&lt; 15%), intermediate- (15%–45%) and high-risk (&gt; 45%) groups in both cohorts.

CONCLUSIONS
Risk prediction models allow estimation of the 1-year mortality risk of individual patients during the lung transplant process. These models may help caregivers identify high-risk patients at times A to C and reduce the risk at subsequent time points.
Leveraging electronic health records to streamline the conduct of cardiovascular clinical trials
Authors: Khan Muhammad Shahzeb , Usman Muhammad Shariq , Talha Khawaja M , Van Spall Harriette G C , Greene Stephen J , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Khan Sadiya S , Mills Nicholas L , Ali Ziad A , Mentz Robert J , Fonarow Gregg C , Rao Sunil V , Spertus John A , Roe Matthew T , Anker Stefan D , James Stefan K , Butler Javed , McGuire Darren K 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Conventional randomized controlled trials (RCTs) can be expensive, time intensive, and complex to conduct. Trial recruitment, participation, and data collection can burden participants and research personnel. In the past two decades, there have been rapid technological advances and an exponential growth in digitized healthcare data. Embedding RCTs, including cardiovascular outcome trials, into electronic health record systems or registries may streamline screening, consent, randomization, follow-up visits, and outcome adjudication. Moreover, wearable sensors (i.e. health and fitness trackers) provide an opportunity to collect data on cardiovascular health and risk factors in unprecedented detail and scale, while growing internet connectivity supports the collection of patient-reported outcomes. There is a pressing need to develop robust mechanisms that facilitate data capture from diverse databases and guidance to standardize data definitions. Importantly, the data collection infrastructure should be reusable to support multiple cardiovascular RCTs over time. Systems, processes, and policies will need to have sufficient flexibility to allow interoperability between different sources of data acquisition. Clinical research guidelines, ethics oversight, and regulatory requirements also need to evolve. This review highlights recent progress towards the use of routinely generated data to conduct RCTs and discusses potential solutions for ongoing barriers. There is a particular focus on methods to utilize routinely generated data for trials while complying with regional data protection laws. The discussion is supported with examples of cardiovascular outcome trials that have successfully leveraged the electronic health record, web-enabled devices or administrative databases to conduct randomized trials.
Cardiac magnetic resonance in ischemic cardiomyopathy: present role and future directions
Authors: Scatteia Alessandra , Dellegrottaglie Santo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Ischemic cardiomyopathy is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity, with peculiar needs for accurate diagnostic and prognostic characterization. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) can help to satisfy these requirements by allowing a comprehensive evaluation of myocardial function, perfusion and tissue composition, with a demonstrated utility in guiding clinical management of patients with known or suspected ischemic cardiomyopathy. When compared with alternative non-invasive imaging modalities, such as stress echocardiography and nuclear techniques, CMR is able to provide accurate (function and perfusion) or peculiar (tissue characterization) information on cardiac pathophysiology, while avoiding exposition to ionizing radiations and overcoming limitations related to the quality of the imaging window. In particular, stress perfusion CMR showed to be accurate, safe, cost-effective, and clinically valuable as a non-invasive test for detecting severity and distribution of myocardial ischemia. In many circumstances, however, local availability of the technique, together with procedural costs, and scanning and post-processing time duration still limit the use of CMR in clinical routine. In the current review, we focused on clinical applications of CMR in ischemic cardiomyopathy. The consolidated role of the technique is described by illustrating both standard and advanced sequences that constitute the current body of a dedicated CMR examination. Ongoing developments and potential future diagnostic and prognostic applications of CMR when assessing ischemic cardiomyopathy are also discussed, with a focus on artificial intelligence-based implementations proposed for refining the efficiency of CMR analysis and reporting.
Multi-modality imaging for pre-procedural planning of transcatheter mitral valve interventions
Authors: Tarzia Pierpaolo , Ciampi Pellegrino , Lanza Oreste , Canali Emanuele , Canestrelli Stefano , Calò Leonardo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Transcatheter mitral valve interventions (TMVI), either repair or replacement, are established alternative options for patients with mitral regurgitation (MR) deemed not suitable for conventional open-heart surgery. Multi-modality imaging plays a pivotal role in the selection of patients, gaining insights into the anatomy of the mitral valve the mechanism and the severity of MR, which are essential to predict the success of these procedures. The aim of this review is to provide an overview on the role of multi-modality imaging in the patient selection and pre-procedural planning of TMVI.
Echocardiography in cardioembolic stroke prevention
Authors: Canali Emanuele , Serani Marco , Tarzia Pierpaolo , Ciampi Pellegrino , Canestrelli Stefano , Calò Leonardo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability, and cardiac embolism accounts for one-third of all ischaemic strokes. Thirty per cent of strokes are cryptogenic. In this setting, echocardiography is essential in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of embolic stroke of undetermined source since it is a widely available, safe, and inexpensive tool. Transthoracic echocardiography and transoesophageal echocardiography, furthermore, are proven to change therapeutic management leading to initiation of anti-coagulation, anti-microbial therapy, patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure, or cardiac tumour resection. The most common cardioembolic sources include left atrial appendage thrombus, left ventricular thrombus, vegetations in endocarditis, paradoxical embolization in PFO, prosthesis thrombosis, and intracardiac tumours. Although the presence of a cardioembolic source only represents a risk factor for an ischaemic stroke, it could not assure the certain or the unique cause of the event. The purpose of this review is to underline the importance of echocardiography and overview the main sources of cardiac embolism and the echocardiographic features.
The implantable cardiac monitor in heart failure patient: a possible new indication?
Authors: Cicogna Francesco , Lanza Oreste , Monzo Luca , Tota Claudia , Cice Gennaro , De Ruvo Ermenegildo , Calò Leonardo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Implantable cardiac monitors (ICMs) have found increasing use in clinical practice over the years, proving, when used in high-risk populations, to facilitate the diagnosis of bradyarrhythmias and tachyarrhythmias requiring treatment. Experience with heart failure patients undergoing pacemaker (PMK) or implantable defibrillator (ICD) implantation, which allow for continuous electrocardiographic monitoring and transthoracic impedance assessment, has made it possible to identify predictors of heart failure flare-ups. In this context, the use of telemonitoring has been shown to ensure better management of patients with heart failure. These benefits cannot be assessed to date in patients with heart failure and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) &gt; 35% who have no indication for PMK or ICD implantation. This population has been shown to have a significant incidence of ventricular arrhythmias and bradyarrhythmias. In addition, a significant number of cerebrovascular events are observed in this population, largely attributable to the high incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF). In this population, the occurrence of AF has also been shown to have a negative impact on patients’ prognosis; at the same time, a rhythm control strategy has been shown to be more beneficial in this area than a rate control strategy. Studies also suggest arrhythmias have a negative impact on the cognitive status and quality of life of heart failure patients. These reasons could justify the implantation of ICMs equipped with telemonitoring systems in heart failure patients. The information provided by the monitoring system, if properly managed, could bring benefits in terms of prognosis and quality of life along with a reduction in economic costs. We will try here, by answering a few questions, to assess whether there is an indication for ICM in heart failure, which patients should be candidates and how these patients should be managed.
Anti-arrhythmic drugs in atrial fibrillation: tailor-made treatments
Authors: Capucci Alessandro , Stronati Giulia , Guerra Federico 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
During the last decades, many improvements have been made regarding the treatment of atrial fibrillation in terms of risk prevention, anti-coagulation strategies, and gain in quality of life. Among those, anti-arrhythmic drugs (AADs) have progressively fallen behind and overtaken by technological aspects as devices as procedures are now the standards of care for many patients. But is this it? Are AADs doomed to be relegated to an obscure and rarely read paragraph of the European recommendations? Or could they be still employed safely and effectively? In the present paper, we will discuss contemporary evidence in order to define where AADs still play a pivotal role, how should AADs be used, and whether a tailored approach can be the way to propose the right treatment to the right patient.
The Brugada syndrome: risk stratification
Authors: Gaita Fiorenzo , Cerrato Natascia , Saglietto Andrea , Caponi Domenico , Calò Leonardo , Giustetto Carla 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Thirty years after its first description, the knowledge regarding Brugada syndrome has greatly increased. Spontaneous type 1 ECG pattern (BrECG) is a well-defined prognostic marker in asymptomatic patients and is associated with a double risk of arrhythmic events during follow-up as compared to drug-induced ECG pattern. Due to the extreme variability of the ECG pattern over time, the spontaneous type 1 BrECG must be carefully sought, not only through periodic ECGs but especially with repeated 12-lead 24-h Holter monitoring, with V1 and V2 electrodes placed also on the second and third intercostal space, in order to explore the right ventricular outflow tract. 12-lead 24-h Holter should also be performed in all the patients with a dubious BrECG pattern even before the drug challenge with sodium channel blockers, which carries a low but definite risk of complications. In addition to spontaneous type 1, other electrocardiographic markers of increased arrhythmic risk have been described, such as first-degree AV block, QRS fragmentation, S wave in lead I and II, and increased QRS duration. The electrophysiological study in asymptomatic patients with a spontaneous ECG Brugada pattern is still under jury and further studies need to clarify its precise role.
HeartLogic™: real-world data—efficiency, resource consumption, and workflow optimization
Authors: Mariani Marco Valerio , Lavalle Carlo , Forleo Giovanni Battista , Della Rocca Domenico Giovanni , Martino Annamaria , Panuccio Marco , Fagagnini Alessandro , Rebecchi Marco , Calò Leonardo , Santini Luca 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a major and still growing medical problem and is characterized by episodes of acute decompensation that are associated with a negative prognosis and a significant burden on the patients, doctors, and healthcare resources. Early detection of incipient HF may allow outpatient treatment before patients severely decompensate, thus reducing HF hospitalizations and related costs. The HeartLogic™ algorithm is an automatic, remotely managed system combining data directly related to HF pathophysiology into a single score, the HeartLogic™ index. This index proved to be effective in predicting the risk of incipient HF decompensation, allowing to redistribute resources from low-risk to high-risk patients in a timely and cost-saving manner. The alert-based remote management system seems more efficient than the one based on scheduled remote transmission in terms of caregivers’ workload and alert detection timing. The widespread application of the HeartLogic™ algorithm requires the resolution of logistical and financial issues and the adoption of a pre-defined, functional workflow. In this paper, we reviewed general aspects of remote monitoring in HF patients, the functioning and pathophysiological basis of the HeartLogic index, its efficiency in the management of HF patients, and the economic effects and the organizational revolution associated with its use.
Atrial fibrillation and sympatho–vagal imbalance: from the choice of the antiarrhythmic treatment to patients with syncope and ganglionated plexi ablation
Authors: Rebecchi Marco , De Ruvo Ermenegildo , Sgueglia Marianna , Lavalle Carlo , Canestrelli Stefano , Politano Alessandro , Jacomelli Ilaria , Golia Paolo , Crescenzi Cinzia , De Luca Lucia , Panuccio Marco , Fagagnini Alessandro , Calò Leonardo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
For several years, the autonomic nervous system has played a central role in the pathophysiological mechanism of atrial fibrillation (AF), so much so that it has been considered one of the cornerstones of Coumel’s triangle. The clinical and therapeutic management of AF secondary to sympatho–vagal imbalance represents one of the most important examples of how precision medicine should be applied. Increasing knowledge of this kind of arrhythmias has made it possible to select specific antiarrhythmic drugs and to diversify their use according to vagal or adrenergic AF forms. Ablative strategies, such as cardioneuroablation and non-direct cardiac neuromodulation methods (such as renal denervation and peripheral vagal stimulation), have gradually emerged. In the possibly near future, there will be a development of new acquisitions regarding new pharmacological therapeutic strategies and gene therapy. Finally, finding an AF in patients experiencing syncopal episodes opens a whole chapter regarding interesting, but also complex, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, ranging from neurally mediated forms to convulsive seizure that could also increase the risk of sudden death.
Higher risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in females with type 2 diabetes Mellitus: an Umbrella review of systematic reviews
Authors: Yaow Clyve Yu Leon , Chong Bryan , Chin Yip Han , Kueh Martin Tze Wah , Ng Cheng Han , Chan Kai En , Tang Ansel Shao Pin , Chung Charlotte , Goh Rachel , Kong Gwyneth , Muthiah Mark , Sukmawati Indah , Lukito Antonia Anna , Chan Mark Y , Khoo Chin Meng , Mehta Anurag , Mamas Mamas A , Dimitriadis Georgios K , Chew Nicholas W S 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Previous studies have shown that females with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may have excess mortality risk compared to their male counterparts. An important next step to address the high global burden of T2DM and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an umbrella review to summarize data on sex differences in cardiovascular outcomes for patients with T2DM and assess the strength of the evidence observed.

Methods and results
Medline and Embase were searched from inception till 7 August 2022 for systematic reviews and meta-analyses studying the effects of sex on cardiovascular outcomes in T2DM patients. Results from reviews were synthesized with a narrative synthesis, with a tabular presentation of findings and forest plots for reviews that performed a meta-analysis. 27 review articles evaluating sex differences in cardiovascular outcomes were included. Females with T2DM had a higher risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD; RRR: 1.52, 95%CI: 1.32–1.76, P &lt; 0.001), acute coronary syndrome (ACS; RRR: 1.38, 95%CI: 1.25–1.52, P &lt; 0.001), heart failure (RRR: 1.09, 95%CI: 1.05–1.13, P &lt; 0.001) than males. Females had a higher risk of all-cause mortality (RRR: 1.13, 95%CI: 1.07–1.19, P &lt; 0.001), cardiac mortality (RRR: 1.49, 95%CI: 1.11–2.00, P = 0.009) and CHD mortality (RRR: 1.44, 95%CI: 1.20–1.73, P &lt; 0.001) as compared to males.

Conclusions
This umbrella review demonstrates that females with T2DM have a higher risk of cardiovascular outcomes than their male counterparts. Future research should address the basis of this heterogeneity and epidemiological factors for better quality of evidence, and identify actionable interventions that will narrow these sex disparities.