bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is Red or Blue More Likely to Narrow the Gap? The Effect of CEO Political Ideology on CEO‐Employee Pay Disparity
Authors: Weng David H. , Yang Haibin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHow does CEO political ideology influence the pay disparity between a CEO and typical firm employees? Drawing on the upper echelons theory, we postulate that politically liberal CEOs are more inclined to address within‐firm vertical pay disparity versus conservative or neutral CEOs, because liberals attend more closely to potential inequality issues and are more open to social changes. We furthermore contend that the effect of CEO political ideology varies across certain contextual factors. Results based on a sample of United States public firms support our arguments. Our study contributes to the literature on income inequality by highlighting CEO political ideology as a crucial determinant and investigating the boundary conditions.
Baseline white matter function predicts short‐term treatment response in first‐episode schizophrenia
Authors: Wu Xu‐Sha , Kang Xiao‐Wei , Li Xuan , Bai Li‐Jun , Xi Yi‐Bin , Li Yan , Xu Yong‐Qiang , Hu Wen‐Zhong , Yin Hong , Lv Ya‐Li 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe detection and characterization of functional activities in the gray matter of schizophrenia (SZ) have been widely explored. However, the relationship between resting‐state functional signals in the white matter of first‐episode SZ and short‐term treatment response remains unclear.MethodsThirty‐six patients with first‐episode SZ and 44 matched healthy controls were recruited in this study. Patients were classified as nonresponders and responders based on response to antipsychotic medication during a single hospitalization. The fractional amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (fALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and functional connectivity (FC) of white matter were calculated. The relationships between functional changes and clinical features were analyzed. In addition, voxel‐based morphometry was performed to analyze the white matter volume.ResultsOne‐way analysis of variance showed significant differences of fALFF and ReHo in the left posterior thalamic radiation and left cingulum (hippocampus) in the patient group, and the areas were regarded as seeds. The FC was calculated between seeds and other white matter networks. Compared with responders, nonresponders showed significantly increased FC between the left cingulum (hippocampus) and left posterior thalamic radiation, splenium of corpus callosum, and left tapetum, and were associated with the changes of clinical assessment. However, there was no difference in white matter volume between groups.ConclusionOur work provides a novel insight that psycho‐neuroimaging‐based white matter function holds promise for influencing the clinical diagnosis and treatment of SZ.
Prevalence of temporomandibular disorders and bruxism in seniors
Authors: Rauch Angelika , Nitschke Ina , Hahnel Sebastian , Weber Sophia , Zenthöfer Andreas , Schierz Oliver 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundInformation on the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) or possible/probable bruxism in seniors is heterogeneous and sparse.ObjectivesTo elucidate the prevalence of TMD and possible/probable bruxism in German adults aged 60 years and older.MethodsParticipants of the Interdisciplinary Longitudinal Study of Adult Development and Aging (ILSE) born between 1950–1952 (C1) and 1930–1932 (C2) were examined in 2014–2016 (fourth wave). The participants were surveyed and clinically examined by one calibrated examiner. Two questions of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) were utilised to evaluate self‐reported bruxism. The clinical examination included signs of probable bruxism and the RDC/TMD examination protocol.ResultsData from 191 participants were available. No RDC/TMD diagnosis was made in 83.2%. Of the participants, 15.2% received a single diagnosis and 1.6% multiple diagnoses that included disc displacements (9.4%) and degenerative joint diseases (8.9%). A total of 24.7% reported bruxism that included self‐reported awake bruxism in 11.9% and sleep bruxism in 16.2%. Wear was clinically identified in 27.2% of the participants. No sex‐related differences were observed. Significant differences were detected for probable bruxism between C1 (14.1%) and C2 (54.3%).ConclusionIn the German population aged 60 years and older, the prevalence of TMD is 16.8%. TMD is characterised by temporomandibular joint disorders, including disc displacements and degenerative joint disorders. Bruxism was observed in a quarter of the old population.
TRIM21 promotes inflammation by ubiquitylating NF‐κB in T cells of oral lichen planus
Authors: Yao Yilin , Pan Lei , Wei Ye , Feng Minghua , Li Xiye , Sun Lei , Tang Guoyao , Wang Yufeng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundOral lichen planus (OLP) is a mucocutaneous inflammatory disease affecting 1% general population. Tripartite motif‐containing protein 21 (TRIM21) shows a significant role in OLP. This study aimed to explore the function and mechanism of TRIM21 in T cells of OLP.MethodsDifferential gene expression profile in OLP versus healthy controls (HCs) was constructed by RNA sequencing. Protein expression level and infiltration sites of TRIM21 in OLP were detected by immunoblot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. Expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines including IL‐6, TNF‐α, ICAM1, CXCL1, CXCL8, CXCL9, and CXCL11 in CD3+TRIM21hi T cells were measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Downstream pathways and substrates of TRIM21 were explored by immunoblot and immunoprecipitation. Whether TRIM21 ubiquitination its substrate and ubiquitination form were tested by ubiquitination assay in vitro.ResultsCompared with HCs, TRIM21 exhibited a higher level in OLP, which expressed mainly in CD3+ T lymphocytes in OLP tissues. Overexpressed TRIM21 enhanced the expression of IL‐6, TNF‐α, CXCL1, CXCL8, CXCL9, and CXCL11 in CD3+ T cell line through ubiquitinating nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) via a lysine 63 (K63) linkage, which eventually activating NF‐κB signaling pathway.ConclusionsIn OLP, TRIM21 promoted inflammation through ubiquitylating NF‐κB and activating NF‐κB signaling pathway.
Cheating to benefit others? On the relation between Honesty‐Humility and prosocial lies
Authors: Thielmann Isabel , Hilbig Benjamin E. , Klein Sina A. , Seidl Alicia , Heck Daniel W. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveAmong basic personality traits, Honesty‐Humility yields the most consistent, negative link with dishonest behavior. The theoretical conceptualization of Honesty‐Humility, however, suggests a potential boundary condition of this relation, namely, when lying is prosocial. We therefore tested the hypothesis that the association between Honesty‐Humility and dishonesty weakens once lying benefits someone else, particularly so if this other is needy.MethodsIn two online studies (Study 1: N = 775 in Germany; Study 2: N = 737 in the UK, preregistered), we measured self‐reported Honesty‐Humility and dishonest behavior in incentivized cheating paradigms in which the beneficiary of participants' dishonesty was either the participants themselves, a “non‐needy” other (e.g., another participant), or a “needy” other (e.g., a charity).ResultsWe found support for the robustness of the negative association between Honesty‐Humility and dishonesty, even if lying was prosocial.ConclusionIndividuals high in Honesty‐Humility largely prioritize honesty, even if there is a strong moral imperative to lie; those low in Honesty‐Humility, by contrast, tend to lie habitually and thus even if they themselves do not directly profit monetarily. This suggests that (un)truthfulness may be an absolute rather than a relative aspect of Honesty‐Humility, although further systematic tests of this proposition are needed.
Regulating the marketing of foods for infants and young children: Lessons from assessment of gaps in monitoring and enforcement in Thailand
Authors: Cetthakrikul Nisachol , Banwell Cathy , Kelly Matthew , Baker Phillip , Smith Julie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBreast milk substitute (BMS) marketing harms breastfeeding and public health. To control BMS marketing, the Member States of the World Health Organization is called upon to adopt all provisions of the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes (the Code) into national law. In 2017, Thailand adopted many provisions of the Code through the Control of Marketing Promotion of Infant and Young Child Food Act B.E. 2560 (the Act), including the establishment of a compliance monitoring system and enforcement mechanisms. Nevertheless, recent research showed widespread violations. This study aims to assess gaps in the monitoring system and the Act's enforcement in its first three years of operation. This qualitative research study employed in‐depth interviews between April and June 2020 with 34 key informants (KIs) from the Thai government, academia and civil society organisations. KIs identified gaps in six areas that could be mitigated to increase compliance with the Act. These gaps are unclear provisions on coverage of the Act; communications with retailers and the public; lack of strong direction and processes; inadequate budget allocations; skilled and confident human resources; and external factors which facilitate BMS marketing. Recommendations may be relevant for other countries and include revising and clarifying the Act, developing targeted communication strategies; providing clear monitoring direction including through setting key performance indicators related to the Act; and providing sufficient budget and training for authorised and support officers. Strengthening the health system and workplace support for breastfeeding and social marketing would also help address wider structural factors.
Integrative transcriptome and proteome analysis reveals maize responses to Fusarium verticillioides infection inside the stalks
Authors: Zhang Lili , Hou Mengwei , Zhang Xingrui , Cao Yanyong , Sun Suli , Zhu Zhendong , Han Shengbo , Chen Yanhui , Ku Lixia , Duan Canxing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFusarium stalk rot caused by Fusarium verticillioides is one of the most devastating diseases of maize that causes significant yield losses and poses potential security concerns for foods worldwide. The underlying mechanisms of maize plants regulating defence against the disease remain poorly understood. Here, integrative proteomic and transcriptomic analyses were employed to identify pathogenesis‐related protein genes by comparing differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in maize stalks after inoculation with F. verticillioides. Functional enrichment analysis showed that DEGs and DEPs were mainly enriched in glutathione metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Fourteen DEGs and DEGs that were highly elevated after inoculation with F. verticillioides were confirmed with parallel reaction monitoring and reverse transcription‐quantitative PCR, demonstrating the accountability and reliability of proteomic and transcriptomic data. We also assessed the potential roles of defence‐related genes ZmCTA1, ZmWIP1, and ZmLOX2, identified from the multi‐omics analysis, during the process of F. verticillioides infection through virus‐induced gene silencing. The elevation of stalk rot symptomatic characteristics in the silenced plants revealed their contribution to resistance. We further functionally characterized the roles of ZmLOX2 expression in the defence response of maize plants conditioning fungal invasion via the salicylic acid‐dependent pathway. Collectively, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of transcriptome and proteome of maize stalks following F. verticillioides inoculation, and defence‐related genes that could inform selection of new genes as targets in breeding strategies.
Nurses' roles and responsibilities in cardiac advanced life support: A single‐site eDelphi study
Authors: Team Lydia , Bloomer Melissa J. , Redley Bernice 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundNurses are often the first responders to in‐hospital cardiac arrest in postoperative cardiac surgical patients. Poor clarity about role expectations and responsibilities can hinder nurses' performance during cardiac advanced life support (CALS) procedures.AimTo seek expert consensus on nurses' roles and responsibilities in CALS for patients in postoperative cardiac surgical patients.Study designA two‐round modified eDelphi survey. Delphi items were informed by guideline literature, an audit of resuscitation records and expert interviews. Panellists, drawn from a single site of a large tertiary health service in metropolitan Melbourne, included nurses, doctors and surgeons familiar with the management of cardiac arrest in post‐operative cardiac surgical patients.ResultsThe two rounds of the modified eDelphi generated 55 responses. A consensus of >80% agreement was reached for 24 of the 41 statements in Round 2. All items related to nurses' roles and responsibilities during nurses pre‐ and post‐arrest phases reached consensus. In contrast, only 29% (n = 4/14) of items related to peri‐arrest, and 36% of those related to nurse scope of practise in CALS arrest (n = 4/11) reached consensus.ConclusionThe study's aim was only partially achieved. Findings indicate high agreement about nurses' roles and responsibilities before and immediately after a cardiac arrest, but limited clarity about nurses' roles when implementing the CALS protocol, such as resternotomy and internal cardiac massage. There is an urgent need to address uncertainty about nurses' roles and scope of practice in CALS, which is essential to the recognition of nurses' contribution to the cardiac specialty workforce.Relevance to clinical practiseUncertainty about nurses ‘roles and responsibilities when implementing the CALS protocol may hinder their performance to their full scope of practice, leading to poor patient outcomes.
Selective deployment of virulence effectors correlates with host specificity in a fungal plant pathogen
Authors: Inoue Yoshihiro , Phuong Vy Trinh Thi , Singkaravanit‐Ogawa Suthitar , Zhang Ru , Yamada Kohji , Ogawa Taiki , Ishizuka Junya , Narusaka Yoshihiro , Takano Yoshitaka 
Published: March 2023

Summary

The hemibiotrophic fungal plant pathogen Colletotrichum orbiculare is predicted to secrete hundreds of effector proteins when the pathogen infects cucurbit crops, such as cucumber and melon, and tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana), a distantly related Solanaceae species. Here, we report the identification of sets of C. orbiculare effector genes that are differentially required for fungal virulence to two phylogenetically distant host species.

Through targeted gene knockout screening of C. orbiculare ‘core’ effector candidates defined based on in planta gene expression, we identified: four host‐specific virulence effectors (named effector proteins for cucurbit infection, or EPCs) that are required for full virulence of C. orbiculare to cucurbit hosts, but not to the Solanaceae host N. benthamiana; and five host‐nonspecific virulence effectors, which collectively contribute to fungal virulence to both hosts.

During host infection, only a small subset of genes, including the host‐specific EPC effector genes, showed preferential expression on one of the hosts, while gene expression profiles of the majority of other genes, including the five host‐nonspecific effector genes, were common to both hosts.

This work suggests that C. orbiculare adopts a host‐specific effector deployment strategy, in addition to general host‐blind virulence mechanisms, for adaptation to cucurbit hosts.
Epigenetics in developmental defects of enamel: A scoping review
Authors: Zhang Yi , Li Hongyu , Cui Dixin , Liu Yi , Tian Qinglu , Zheng Liwei , Wan Mian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe significant role of epigenetics has been revealed in normal enamel formation process and occurrence of developmental defects. This presented literature is aiming at summarizing the regulatory function of epigenetics in physiological amelogenesis process and reviewing the epigenetic mechanisms in occurrence of developmental defects of enamel (DDE), so as to provide biological foundation evidence to support early predication and clinical management of DDE.MethodAn extensive literature review was conducted using electronic databases MEDLINE (through PubMed), Web of Science and EMBASE up to November 30, 2022. Studies about epigenetic effects on enamel tissue or cells associated with amelogenesis, including in vivo studies using human or animal models, and in vitro studies, are selected.ResultsA total of 22 studies were included. Epigenetic factors or effects specifically activate or silence certain genes, which may regulate related biological activities including cell proliferation, cell differentiation, enamel secretion, and mineralization during the process of amelogenesis. Once the status of epigenetic modification is altered, the quantity and quality of enamel may both be disturbed, which can finally result in DDE.ConclusionEpigenetics plays a noteworthy role of regulating the amelogenesis process and DDE potentially by altering the expression levels of genes related to enamel formation, providing a new perspective of early predication and clinical management of DDE.
Differential Access in Mortgage Credit: The Role of Neighborhood Spatial and Racial Stratification
Authors: Loya Jose 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInequality in homeownership is a major component of ethno‐racial stratification. Previous studies demonstrate large ethno‐racial differences in access and outcomes throughout the home buying process at both the individual and neighborhood levels. An underlying assumption in these studies is that neighborhood ethno‐racial disparities in lending are similar across neighborhood spatial types. However, mortgage lending disparities are unclear when examining the neighborhood's racial composition across urban, suburban, and rural communities. This paper draws on annual data from the American Housing Survey and the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) from 2018 and 2019 to assess loan outcome disparities by neighborhood type and racial composition. I show that applicant disparities in loan outcomes vary when factoring the neighborhood's spatial type and racial composition. Borrowers seeking a mortgage in predominantly minority rural communities are more likely to be denied a mortgage than borrowers applying across all other neighborhood type and racial composition. The trends for urban communities are similar to suburban communities across adverse loan outcomes. When comparing the community's racial composition and neighborhood type, the observed lending pattern provides evidence of constrained mortgage access in rural areas, especially among minority rural communities.
Genetics and measles, mumps and rubella vaccine response in childhood and adolescence—A systematic review
Authors: Haslund Marie Mykløy , Sørensen Jesper Kiehn , Graff Stensballe Lone 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMeasles, mumps and rubella (MMR) are contagious infectious diseases that can be prevented by immunization. However, MMR infections can occur in previously immunized individuals. The vaccine response is, among other factors, influenced by the combined effects of many genes. This systematic review investigates the genetic influence on measles, mumps and rubella antibody responses after childhood vaccination. In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA), systematic literature searches were conducted in the medical databases PubMed, EMBASE and PsycINFO. Search strings were adjusted for each database. Citations were included if they measured and compared the immune response with immunogenetics after vaccination with a vaccine containing one or more of the following components: measles, mumps and/or rubella, MMR. The measure of vaccine response studied was antibodies after vaccination. Forty‐eight articles were included in the final analysis. The results suggest that genetic determinants, including host genes, and single nucleotide polymorphisms in immune‐related genes influence the MMR antibody responses after vaccination. Specifically, replicated associations were found between HLA, CD46, RARB, IRF9, EIF2AK2, cytokine genes and MMR vaccine‐induced humoral immune responses. This knowledge can be useful in understanding and predicting immune responses and may have implications for future vaccine strategies.
Shear strength of plain concrete
Authors: Jajodia Rangesh , Gadve Sangeeta 
Published: March 2023

AbstractConcrete shear strength is one of important parameters in structural design and analysis. Brittle failure of concrete under shear has substantial impact on performance of structure. Concrete shear strength as stipulated in standard codes of different nations is based on RC beam elements. Majority of research also focused on reinforced elements or on indirect shearing. There have been few studies performed on plain concrete subjected to pure shear. Hence, pure shear strength of plain concrete is not established. In light of foregoing, the present work attempts to build loading method that is efficient and capable of creating uniform shear force in standard specimen. The study investigates fracture behaviour of plain concrete when subjected to pure shear force. The pure shear state of specimen is verified using Mohr's circle method. FEA is performed to validate experimental data. The proposed test set‐up is effective in determining pure shear strength of plain concrete.
Effects of pre‐freeze pathogen reduction with riboflavin and UV light on red cells stored post‐thaw in AS‐3 additive solution
Authors: Kutac Dominik , Bohonek Milos , Landova Ludmila , Staskova Eva , Blahutova Marie , Lovecky Juraj , Horacek Jan M. , Stansbury Lynn G. , Hess John R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPathogen reduction technology (PRT) may improve the safety of RBCs for transfusion. As the Czech Republic considers PRT, we asked what effects riboflavin and UV light PRT pre‐freezing has on the post‐thaw recovery and properties of cryopreserved RBCs (CRBCs) after deglycerolization and liquid storage.Study Design and Methods24 Group O whole blood (WB) units were leukoreduced and then treated with riboflavin and UV light PRT (Mirasol, Terumo BCT, USA) before cryopreservation (T‐CRBC); 20 similarly‐collected units were untreated controls (C‐CRBC). Units were processed to RBCs and then cryopreserved with 40% glycerol (wt/vol), frozen at −80°C, stored >118 days, reconstituted as deglycerolized RBC units in AS‐3, and stored at 4 ± 2°C for 21 days. One treated unit sustained massive hemolysis during the post‐thaw wash process and was removed from data analysis. The remaining units were assessed pre‐PRT, post‐PRT, and post‐thaw‐wash on days 0, 7, 14, and 21 for hematocrit, volume, hemoglobin per transfusion unit, pH, % hemolysis, hemoglobin in the supernatant, potassium, phosphorus, NH3, osmolality, ATP, and 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate.ResultsPRT with leukoreduction caused a 5% loss of RBC followed by a 24% freeze–thaw‐wash related loss for a total 28% loss but treated units contained an average of 45 g of hemoglobin, meeting European Union guidelines for CRBC. T‐CRBCs displayed higher post‐wash hemolysis, potassium, and ammonia concentrations, and lower ATP at the end of storage.ConclusionsCryopreserved RBCs from Riboflavin and UV light‐treated WB meet the criteria for clinical use for 7 days after thawing and provide additional protection against infectious threats.