bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The well tempered transport aircraft engine
Authors: Borger John G. 
Published: March 2023

You have honoured me and my associates in asking me to present your Sir Henry Royce Memorial Lecture. When I saw the list of my predecessors, and their contributions to aviation, I must say I have joined a very select company and can only hope that I shall be able to justify your faith.When I first selected my title, I was not aware that the ‘Well Tempered’ description had been used previously by Arthur Raymond in his 1951 Wilbur Wright Memorial Lecture to the Royal Aeronautical Society. With sincere apologies to Mr Raymond, who was for many years responsible for engineering leadership of the Douglas Company, the selection of ‘Well Tempered’, which he derived from Johann Sebastian Bach, still seems most appropriate. I hope he will forgive me for using it again.
Uranium–lead geochronology applied to pyrope garnet with very low concentrations of uranium
Authors: O’Sullivan Gary J , Hoare Brendan C , Mark Chris , Drakou Foteini , Tomlinson Emma L 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe present U–Pb dates from peridotitic pyrope-rich garnet from four mantle xenoliths entrained in a kimberlite from Bultfontein, South Africa. Garnet dates magmatic emplacement due to the high mantle residence temperatures of the source material prior to eruption, which were most likely above the closure temperature for the pyrope U–Pb system. We determine a U–Pb date of 84.0 ± 8.1 Ma for the emplacement of the Bultfontein kimberlite from garnet in our four xenolith samples. The date reproduces previous dates obtained from other mineral-isotope systems (chiefly Rb–Sr in phlogopite). Garnet can be dated despite extremely low concentrations of U (median ∼0.05 μg/g), because concentrations of common Pb are often low or non-detectable. This means that sub-concordant garnets can be dated with moderate precision using very large laser-ablation spots (130 μm) measured by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry (LA-Q-ICP-MS). Our strategy demonstrates successful U–Pb dating of a U-poor mineral due to high initial ratios of U to common Pb in some grains, and the wide spread of isotopic compositions of grains on a concordia diagram. In addition, the analytical protocol is not complex and uses widely available analytical methods and strategies. This new methodology has some advantages and disadvantages for dating kimberlite emplacement versus established methods (U-based decay systems in perovskite and zircon, or Rb- or K-based systems in phlogopite). However, this method has unique promise for its potential application to detrital diamond prospecting and, more speculatively, to the dating of pyrope inclusions in diamond.
Effects of Force in the Martian Plasma Environment With Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure Enhancement
Authors: Song Yihui , Lu Haoyu , Cao Jinbin , Li Shibang , Yu Yiqun , Wang Siqi , Ge Yasong , Zhang Xiaoxin , Zhou Chenling , Wang Jianxuan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDisturbed solar wind dynamic pressure is one of the important external drivers which could cause significant impacts on Martian plasma environment. In this study, a 3D multifluid multispecies numerical model is established to simulate the interaction between solar wind and Mars. Functions of electromagnetic forces applied on different ion species were analyzed. We found that the total electromagnetic force peaks near bow shock (BS) and magnetic pileup boundary (MPB) with clear asymmetry features, acting to decelerate solar wind plasma across boundary layers, and compresses heavy ions toward the planet inside the MPB. For solar wind protons, electron pressure gradient force dominates near BS and Hall electric field force dominates near MPB, controlling the location of plasma boundary. Furthermore, the morphology of motional electric field force shows clear north‐south asymmetry, leading to the formation of asymmetric structures and plasma flow in Martian space environment. The response of BS, MPB to a solar wind dynamic pressure enhancement event, as well as the effects of electromagnetic forces in this process are also investigated. After the arrival of solar wind pulse, the magnitudes of electromagnetic forces increased simultaneously to balance the enhanced solar wind dynamic pressure, while the peaks of forces moved inward with BS and MPB. The magnitudes and peaks of ion velocity in subsolar region show similar variations as well, with the greater enhancement of forces leading to the greater increase of ion velocities, indicating that the changes of forces influence boundary layers through the variation of plasma speed.
The Effect of Secondary‐Phase Fraction on the Deformation of Olivine + Ferropericlase Aggregates: 1. Microstructural Evolution
Authors: Wiesman Harison S. , Zimmerman Mark E. , Kohlstedt David L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTo study the microstructural evolution of polymineralic rocks, we performed deformation experiments on two‐phase aggregates of olivine (Ol) + ferropericlase (Per) with periclase fractions (fPer) between 0.1 and 0.8. Additionally, single‐phase samples of both Ol and Per were deformed under the same experimental conditions to facilitate comparison of the microstructures in two‐phase and single‐phase materials. Each sample was deformed in torsion at T = 1523 K, P = 300 MPa at a constant strain rate up to a final shear strain of γ = 6 to 7. Microstructural developments, analyzed via electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), indicate differences in both grain size and crystalline texture between single‐ and two‐phase samples. During deformation, grain size approximately doubled in our single‐phase samples of Ol and Per but remained unchanged or decreased in two‐phase samples. Zener‐pinning relationships fit to the mean grain sizes in each phase for samples with 0.1 ≤ fPer ≤ 0.5 and for those with 0.8 ≥ fPer ≥ 0.5 demonstrate that the grain size of the primary phase is controlled by phase‐boundary pinning. Crystallographic preferred orientations, determined for both phases from EBSD data, are significantly weaker in the two‐phase materials than in the single‐phase materials.
A Pattern‐Based Strategy for InSAR Phase Unwrapping and Application to Two Landslides in Colorado
Authors: Molan Yusuf Eshqi , Lohman Rowena B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInterferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) has been successfully used to map ground displacements associate with landslides. One challenge with InSAR is that the basic measurement of interferometric phase takes values between 0 and 2π instead of values representing total displacement relative to a stable reference frame. Phase unwrapping is necessary to reconstruct measurements of total displacement for use in quantitative analysis. Unwrapping approaches often assume that the absolute phase difference between two neighboring pixels should be smaller than π. In the presence of noise or high‐strain rates associated with fast‐moving landslides, aliasing of the phase (undersampling of the wrapped signal) can result in unwrapping errors and misinterpretation of total displacement. Here we use a pattern‐based strategy for phase unwrapping of InSAR observations of fast‐moving landslides, where we determine the unwrapped deformation field that is most similar to a scaled reference displacement map. We describe a range of metrics that we use to evaluate the most appropriate scaling for each interferogram. We also demonstrate the range of conditions where they perform well using synthetic data. For evaluation of the results, we generated UAVSAR wrapped interferograms over the Slumgullion landslide in Colorado where phase aliasing for interferograms with temporal baselines larger than 7 days is common. We compare the interferograms unwrapped with our approach against results from range offsets (pixel tracking). The comparison demonstrates that our approach can be used for time spans much larger than those where traditional phase unwrapping performs well.
The Salinity Budget of the Ross Sea Continental Shelf, Antarctica
Authors: Yan Liangjun , Wang Zhaomin , Liu Chengyan , Wu Yang , Qin Qing , Sun Chong , Qian Jiangchao , Zhang Li 
Published: March 2023

AbstractToward understanding the trend and variability in the bottom water salinity in the Ross Sea, this study focuses on the seasonality of the salinity budget over the Ross Sea continental shelf, using a new coupled regional ocean‐sea ice‐ice shelf model. Owing to the sea ice production, the upstream advection, and the glacial melting, the Ross Sea continental shelf is characterized by the relatively saltier water on the western shelf than on the eastern shelf, with the saltiest water in the Terra Nova Bay Polynya. During the early freezing season (March–April), there is remarkable sea ice production over the broad continental shelf, which makes a significant contribution to the production of High Salinity Shelf Water (HSSW). The brine rejection in the polynyas leads to the salinification and deepening of the mixed layer, yet the upstream advection acts to decrease the salinity below the mixed layer until the deep convection is fully developed throughout the water column. The seasonal cycle of the salinity budget in the Ross Sea continental shelf is largely determined by the formation/melting of sea ice, the intrusion of modified Circumpolar Deep Water, and the outflow of HSSW, while the contribution of the Ross Ice Shelf melting is relatively small.
Abrupt Changes in Atmospheric Circulation During the Medieval Climate Anomaly and Little Ice Age Recorded by Sr‐Nd Isotopes in the Siple Dome Ice Core, Antarctica
Authors: Koffman Bess G. , Goldstein Steven L. , Winckler Gisela , Kaplan Michael R. , Bolge Louise , Biscaye Pierre 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Southern Hemisphere westerly winds (SWW) play a critical role in global climate, yet their behavior on decadal to centennial timescales, and the mechanisms driving these changes during the preindustrial era, remain poorly understood. We present a decadally resolved record of dust compositions using strontium and neodymium isotope ratios in mineral dust from the Siple Dome ice core, Antarctica, to explore the potential that abrupt changes in SWW behavior occurred over the past millennium. The record spans portions of the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and the Little Ice Age (LIA) intervals as defined in the Northern Hemisphere. We find evidence of an abrupt strengthening of atmospheric circulation during the MCA at ∼1125 CE (825 BP) that persisted for about 60 yr, indicating increased influence of Patagonia‐sourced dust. This occurs during an extended positive phase of Southern Annular Mode (SAM+)‐like conditions, characterized by high SWW velocities and a southerly shift of the main wind belt toward ∼60°S, suggesting that rapid changes in SWW strength could occur under the present SAM+ pattern. A second 20 yr long shift in dust compositions during the LIA at ∼1748 CE (200 BP) is coincident with higher dust delivery to Siple Dome, and may indicate increased dust emissions related to glacier activity in Patagonia. The new Siple Dome ice core data set demonstrates that Sr‐Nd isotopes can be used to trace shifts in atmospheric circulation on decadal timescales.
Exceptional Scarp Preservation in SW Namibia Reveals Geological Controls on Large Magnitude Intraplate Seismicity in Southern Africa
Authors: Muir R. A. , Whitehead B. A. , New T. , Stevens V. , Macey P. H. , Groenewald C. A. , Salomon G. , Kahle B. , Hollingsworth J. , Sloan R. A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFour previously unrecognized neotectonic fault scarps in southwest Namibia are described. These relatively straight, simple but segmented structures are 16–80 km long and have measured vertical separations of 0.7–10.2 m. We estimate that each is capable of producing earthquakes ofMw6.4 or greater, indicating that large earthquakes may occur despite limited cumulative displacement. There is strong evidence that some of these scarps were formed by repeated earthquakes. Comparison with aeromagnetic and geological maps reveal that the normal faults reactivate major crustal weaknesses that are orientated north‐south and northwest‐southeast and perpendicular to the local gravitational potential energy gradient. The presence of these structures in an area with a limited record of instrumental seismicity suggests that theMmaxof this region may be much larger than generally assumed. They highlight the necessity of incorporating information from fault studies into probabilistic seismic hazard assessments in this region, in a similar way to other stable continental regions such as Australia. The fact that such major structures have gone hitherto unrecorded suggests significant further research is needed to characterize these sources of hazard. The identification of an apparent cluster of large magnitude neotectonic earthquakes in the area may be related to the exceptional preservation potential of scarps rather than indicating an area of comparatively rapid deformation. If this interpretation is correct, then these scarps represent an important indication of the potential seismic hazard across the region, and the occurrence of infrequent large‐magnitude seismicity on similar structures should be considered throughout southwestern Africa.
Bed Stability of Step‐Pool Channels With Macrorough Sidewalls
Authors: Maager F. , Hohermuth B. , Boes R. M. , Weitbrecht V. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA step‐pool bed morphology often develops in steep mountain streams. The main controlling parameters of step formation and stability are hydraulic forcing, sediment transport, and granular effects (i.e., grain‐grain interlocking, jamming). Previous studies found macrorough sidewalls to further increase bed stability due to grain‐sidewall interlocking but the effect of the reduced bed shear stress caused by sidewall friction was not explicitly considered. The present study aims at untangling hydraulic effects induced by the macrorough sidewalls and granular effects, that is, grain‐sidewall interaction. Flume experiments with five types of macrorough sidewalls were conducted under clear‐water conditions for bed slopes ranging between 4% and 10% and jamming ratios 5.3 < Wm/d84 < 11.2, where Wm is the mean channel width and d84 is a characteristic grain size of the sediment mixture. A modified sidewall correction procedure accounting for sidewall friction was applied to estimate bed shear stress. Bed stability considerably increased with increasing sidewall roughness. The dimensionless bed shear stress θRb controlled step occurrence as the system evolved toward a state of a maximum number of steps for critical Shields ratios θRb/θc ≈ 1. Contrary to the expectations, fewer steps formed in the roughest sidewall experiments as few very stable steps inhibited sediment relocation and therewith step formation. Steps were more frequently located in the constrictions caused by the macrorough elements and sustained higher bed shear stress increments. Overall, hydraulic effects fully explained the increase in bed stability in moderately rough sidewall experiments whereas granular effects became important in channels with strong local constrictions.
Activation of TrkB in Parvalbumin interneurons is required for the promotion of reversal learning in spatial and fear memory by antidepressants
Authors: Jetsonen Elias , Didio Giuliano , Winkel Frederike , Llach Pou Maria , Boj Chloe , Kuczynski-Noyau Laura , Võikar Vootele , Guirado Ramon , Taira Tomi , Lauri Sari E. , Castrén Eero , Umemori Juzoh 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCritical period-like plasticity (iPlasticity) can be reinstated in the adult brain by several interventions, including drugs and optogenetic modifications. We have demonstrated that a combination of iPlasticity with optimal training improves behaviors related to neuropsychiatric disorders. In this context, the activation of TrkB, a receptor for BDNF, in Parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons has a pivotal role in cortical network changes. However, it is unknown if the activation of TrkB in PV+ interneurons is important for other plasticity-related behaviors, especially for learning and memory. Here, using mice with heterozygous conditional TrkB deletion in PV+ interneurons (PV-TrkB hCKO) in IntelliCage and fear erasure paradigms, we show that chronic treatment with fluoxetine, a widely prescribed antidepressant drug that is known to promote the activation of TrkB, enhances behavioral flexibility in spatial and fear memory, largely depending on the expression of the TrkB receptor in PV+ interneurons. In addition, hippocampal long-term potentiation was enhanced by chronic treatment with fluoxetine in wild-type mice, but not in PV-TrkB hCKO mice. Transcriptomic analysis of PV+ interneurons after fluoxetine treatment indicated intrinsic changes in synaptic formation and downregulation of enzymes involved in perineuronal net formation. Consistently, immunohistochemistry has shown that the fluoxetine treatment alters PV expression and reduces PNNs in PV+ interneurons, and here we show that TrkB expression in PV+ interneurons is required for these effects. Together, our results provide molecular and network mechanisms for the induction of critical period-like plasticity in adulthood.
The interaction between ferroptosis and inflammatory signaling pathways
Authors: Chen Yue , Fang Ze-Min , Yi Xin , Wei Xiang , Jiang Ding-Sheng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFerroptosis is an iron-dependent regulated cell death driven by excessive lipid peroxidation. Inflammation is one common and effective physiological event that protects against various stimuli to maintain tissue homeostasis. However, the dysregulation of inflammatory responses can cause imbalance of the immune system, cell dysfunction and death. Recent studies have pointed out that activation of inflammation, including the activation of multiple inflammation-related signaling pathways, can lead to ferroptosis. Among the related signal transduction pathways, we focused on five classical inflammatory pathways, namely, the JAK-STAT, NF-κB, inflammasome, cGAS-STING and MAPK signaling pathways, and expounded on their roles in ferroptosis. To date, many agents have shown therapeutic effects on ferroptosis-related diseases by modulating the aforementioned pathways in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the regulatory effects of these pathways on iron metabolism and lipid peroxidation have been described in detail, contributing to further understanding of the pathophysiological process of ferroptosis. Taken together, targeting these pathways related to inflammation will provide appropriate ways to intervene ferroptosis and diseases.
Eliciting preferences in glaucoma management—a systematic review of stated-preference studies
Authors: Scheres L. M. J. , Hiligsmann M. , van Gorcom L. , Essers B. A. B. , Beckers H. J. M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
In most cases, glaucoma patients require long-term medical and/or surgical treatment. Preference studies investigate how different aspects of glaucoma management, such as health or process outcomes, are valued and herewith help stakeholders make care more responsive to patients’ needs. As, to our knowledge, no overview of these studies is currently available, this study aims to systematically review and critically appraise these studies.

Methods
A systematic literature review was conducted using keywords for stated-preference studies and glaucoma up to October 2021. Studies were included if they were original research and used a stated-preference methodology to investigate preferences in patients or healthcare professionals for different aspects of glaucoma management. Data were extracted and summarized. Furthermore, a quality appraisal of the included studies was performed using two validated checklists.

Results
The search yielded 1214 articles after removal of duplicates. Of those, 11 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Studies aimed to elicit preferences for glaucoma treatment (27%), glaucoma related health state valuation (36%), and services (36%) from the patient (91%) or ophthalmologists’ perspective (9%). Altogether studies included 69 attributes. The majority of attributes were outcome related (62%), followed by process (32%) and cost attributes (6%). Outcome attributes (e.g., effectiveness) were most often of highest importance to the population.

Conclusions
This systematic review provides an up-to-date and critical review of stated-preference studies in the field of glaucoma, suggesting that patients have preferences and are willing to trade-off between characteristics, and revealed that outcome attributes are the most influential characteristics of glaucoma management.
A symbiotic physical niche in Drosophila melanogaster regulates stable association of a multi-species gut microbiota
Authors: Dodge Ren , Jones Eric W. , Zhu Haolong , Obadia Benjamin , Martinez Daniel J. , Wang Chenhui , Aranda-Díaz Andrés , Aumiller Kevin , Liu Zhexian , Voltolini Marco , Brodie Eoin L. , Huang Kerwyn Casey , Carlson Jean M. , Sivak David A. , Spradling Allan C. , Ludington William B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe gut is continuously invaded by diverse bacteria from the diet and the environment, yet microbiome composition is relatively stable over time for host species ranging from mammals to insects, suggesting host-specific factors may selectively maintain key species of bacteria. To investigate host specificity, we used gnotobiotic Drosophila, microbial pulse-chase protocols, and microscopy to investigate the stability of different strains of bacteria in the fly gut. We show that a host-constructed physical niche in the foregut selectively binds bacteria with strain-level specificity, stabilizing their colonization. Primary colonizers saturate the niche and exclude secondary colonizers of the same strain, but initial colonization by Lactobacillus species physically remodels the niche through production of a glycan-rich secretion to favor secondary colonization by unrelated commensals in the Acetobacter genus. Our results provide a mechanistic framework for understanding the establishment and stability of a multi-species intestinal microbiome.
Structural basis for TRIM72 oligomerization during membrane damage repair
Authors: Ma Yuemin , Ding Lei , Li Zhenhai , Zhou Chun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTripartite Motif Protein 72 (TRIM72, also named MG53) mediates membrane damage repair through membrane fusion and exocytosis. During injury, TRIM72 molecules form intermolecular disulfide bonds in response to the oxidative environment and TRIM72 oligomers are proposed to connect vesicles to the plasma membrane and promote membrane fusion in conjunction with other partners like dysferlin and caveolin. However, the detailed mechanism of TRIM72 oligomerization and action remains unclear. Here we present the crystal structure of TRIM72 B-box-coiled-coil-SPRY domains (BCC-SPRY), revealing the molecular basis of TRIM72 oligomerization, which is closely linked to disulfide bond formation. Through structure-guided mutagenesis, we have identified and characterized key residues that are important for the membrane repair function of TRIM72. Our results also demonstrate that TRIM72 interacts with several kinds of negatively charged lipids in addition to phosphatidylserine. Our work provides a structural foundation for further mechanistic studies as well as the clinical application of TRIM72.