bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
872 Disruption of KIF3a Increases Sensitivity of Primary Glioblastoma Cells to Temozolomide and Radiotherapy
Authors: Kaculini Christian , Springer Megan , Jung Mi-Yeon , Brown Desmond A. 
Published: March 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor, comprising 14.3% of all intracranial neoplasms and 49.1% of all malignant brain tumors. The current standard of care for newly diagnosed glioblastoma is maximal safe resection, 60 Gy of radiotherapy over a 6-week period, plus concomitant daily temozolomide, followed by adjuvant temozolomide over 6 months. Nonetheless, median overall and 5-year survival are only 15 months and 5%, respectively. Primary cilia are microtubule-based organelles that protrude from the apical surface of nearly all mammalian cells. They are critical to many canonical signaling pathways and are closely related to the cell cycle. They have been implicated in the formation and progression of many malignancies and are associated with resistance to chemoradiotherapy.

METHODS:
Patient-derived GBM cell lines were transduced with lentiviral particles to produce stable cell lines deficient in proteins essential for primary cilia regulation. Cell proliferation assays were used to assess sensitivity of each knockdown to temozolomide and radiotherapy.

RESULTS:
Proliferation of KIF3A knockdown cells was significantly decreased compared to control lines after radiotherapy (P = 0.009). GBM cells with disrupted primary cilia were more frequently found in the G2/M phase potentially explaining the increase in sensitivity. KIF3A depleted cells also displayed improved response to temozolomide. MGMT protein expression was decreased in these cells, providing a potential mechanism for the decrease in proliferation. This finding reveals a new relationship between primary cilia and MGMT, an extremely important biomarker that is commonly used to predict the efficacy of alkylating chemotherapy.

CONCLUSIONS:
Collectively, our findings provide strong evidence that primary cilia play an important role in resistance to the current standard treatment of GBM and identify KIF3A as a potential sensitizer to chemoradiation in GBM.
883 Impact of Awake Craniotomy within Eloquent Glioblastoma Subgroups (GLIOMAP): A Propensity-Score Matched Analysis of an International, Multicenter, Cohort Study
Authors: Gerritsen Jasper , Zwarthoed Rosa , Kilgallon John , Nawabi Noah , Jessurun Charissa , Versyck Georges , Pruijn Koen , Fisher Fleur , Lien Solie Emma Larivière; , Mekary Rania , Satoer Djaina , Schouten Joost , Bos Eelke , Kloet Fred , Tewarie Rishi Nandoe , Smith Timothy R. , Dirven Clemens , De Vleeschouwer Steven , Broekman Marike , Vincent Arnaud 
Published: March 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Awake mapping has been associated with decreased neurological deficits and increased extent of resection in eloquent glioma resections. However, its impact within clinically relevant glioblastoma subgroups remains poorly understood.

METHODS:
Propensity-score matching with a 1:3 ratio was used to match awake with asleep patients for the overall cohort and subgroups stratified by age, NIHSS score and KPS. Cox proportional-hazard regressions and multiple multivarible logistic regressions were performed to analyze the independent impact of awake mapping.

RESULTS:
1047 patients with resection for primary eloquent glioblastoma between 2010 and 2020 were included. Overall, awake craniotomy resulted in fewer neurological deficits at 3 months and 6 months postoperatively; a lower residual tumor volume, a higher extent of resection, longer overall survival and progression-free survival. Regression analyses independently associated awake craniotomy with gross-total resection and overall survival. Awake craniotomy led in all subgroups to a higher extent of resection and in the subgroups age <70, NIHSS 0-1, NIHSS ≥ 2 and KPS 90-100 to less postoperative neurological deficits at 3 months and 6 months. For patients in the ≥70 years subgroup and KPS ≤ 80 subgroup, awake craniotomy led to less postoperative neurological deficits at 3 months (≥70 years) or 6 months (KPS ≤ 80). Median overall survival and progression-free survival were longer for the awake group in the subgroups aged <70, NIHSS 0-1 and KPS 90-100.

CONCLUSIONS:
Awake craniotomy was especially suitable in patients aged <70, with NIHSS score 0-1 or KPS 90-100, leading to decreased neurological morbidity, increased amount of tumor resection and improved OS and PFS. In patients aged ≥ 70, with NIHSS score ≥2 or KPS ≤ 80, awake craniotomy could be useful to prevent late deficits or to help patients maintain their performance status to undergo adjuvant therapy.
890 Disparities in Supportive Care Utilization Among Neurosurgical Patients With Malignant Central Nervous System Tumors
Authors: Jin Michael Chuwei , Hsin Gary , Ratliff John K. , Thomas Reena , Zygourakis Corinna Clio , Li Gordon , Wu Adela 
Published: March 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Patients with central nervous system (CNS) malignancies benefit from palliative care (PC) in addition to other supportive services, such as home health and social work. Guidelines also propose early PC for patients with advanced cancers. Racial disparities exist in healthcare access, and we introduce a novel construct, “provider patient racial diversity index” (provider pRDI), higher categories of which refer to higher proportions of non-white patients a provider sees as a measure of the provider’s exposure to racial diversity and cultural sensitivity.

METHODS:
Using Optum Clinformatics Datamart Database, all patients with at least one neurosurgery encounter, diagnosis of primary or secondary CNS malignancy, and no prior supportive services were included. Patient-level demographics were collated. Supportive services were defined based on provider categorization on individual claims.

RESULTS:
The cohort of 48,722 patients demonstrated significantly low rates of PC, home health, and social work services among racial minorities. However, patients who saw providers categorized into high provider pRDI categories were increasingly more likely to interface with supportive services and at an earlier point in their disease courses. Patient race did not impact supportive service spending, but higher provider pRDI was associated with monotonic increases in spending on PC.

CONCLUSIONS:
Neurosurgical patients with CNS malignancies from minority backgrounds are less likely to receive supportive services. Such effect is mitigated when they encounter at least one provider who scores highly in provider pRDI; patients receive supportive services earlier and demonstrate greater utilization. Our study highlights patient-level healthcare disparities and the need for provider-level intervention to address cultural sensitivity.
Exploring Children’s Self-Reported Activity Compensation: The REACT Study
Authors: SWELAM BRITTANY A. , ARUNDELL LAUREN , SALMON JO , ABBOTT GAVIN , TIMPERIO ANNA , CHASTIN SEBASTIEN F. M. , RIDGERS NICOLA D. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Previous research has focused on device-based measures of activity compensation, with little understanding of how children perceive potential compensatory responses to activity or inactivity, or whether these change after periods of activity or inactivity. The aim of this study was (a) to explore the alignment between children’s self-reported usual compensation and compensation recall after experimental conditions and (b) to examine sex differences.

Methods
In total, 360 children (47% boys) participated in at least one of three experimental conditions over 6 wk: (a) restricted physical activity (PA; indoor play), (b) imposed moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA; sports class), and (c) imposed light-intensity PA (LPA; standing lesson). Before the first condition, children reported their “usual compensation” behavior to examples of restricted/imposed PA, and 2–3 d after each experimental condition, they completed a recall measure of their compensation after the condition. Multilevel regression models were conducted to determine whether children’s perceptions of “usual compensation” score were associated with recalled compensation score after imposed or restricted PA. Additional models were fitted for sex-specific associations.

Results
Overall and among girls, the usual compensation score was positively associated with the compensatory recall score for the additional MVPA and LPA conditions (P < 0.0005; e.g., they thought they would usually compensate for additional MVPA and then perceived that they compensated after additional MVPA). A negative association was seen in the restricted activity condition among girls (P = 0.03). All associations in the boys’ analyses were statistically nonsignificant.

Conclusions
These findings suggest some alignment between children’s self-reported usual compensation and compensation recall after imposed changes to routine activity. Future research should consider device-measured comparisons and identify characteristics of children at risk of activity compensation in future interventions.
The Effect of Exercise on Quality of Life in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: SABAG ANGELO , CHANG COURTNEY R. , FRANCOIS MONIQUE E. , KEATING SHELLEY E. , COOMBES JEFF S. , JOHNSON NATHAN A. , PASTOR-VALERO MARIA , REY LOPEZ JUAN PABLO 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Exercise is a proven therapy for managing cardiometabolic risk factors in type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, its effects on patient-reported outcome measures such as quality of life (QoL) in people with T2D remain unclear. Consequently, the primary aim of this study was to determine the effect of regular exercise on QoL in adults with T2D. A secondary aim was to determine the effect of different exercise modalities on QoL. The third aim was to determine whether improvements in QoL were associated with improvements in gly'cated hemoglobin (A1C).

Methods
Relevant databases were searched to May 2022. Eligible studies included randomized trials involving ≥2 wk of aerobic and/or resistance exercise and assessed QoL using a purpose-specific tool. Mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated as standardized mean difference (SMD) or weighted mean difference. A regression analysis was undertaken to examine the interaction between change in QoL with change in A1C.

Results
Of the 12,642 studies retrieved, 29 were included involving 2354 participants. Exercise improved QoL when compared with control (SMD, 0.384; 95% CI, 0.257 to 0.512; P < 0.001). Aerobic exercise, alone (SMD, 0.475; 95% CI, 0.295 to 0.655; P < 0.001) or in combination with resistance training (SMD, 0.363; 95% CI, 0.179 to 0.548; P < 0.001) improved QoL, whereas resistance training alone did not. Physical components of health-related QoL (HRQoL) improved with all exercise modalities, but mental components of HRQoL remained unchanged. Exercise improved A1C (mean difference, −0.509%; 95% CI, −0.806% to −0.212%; P = 0.001), and this change was associated with improvements in HRQoL (β = −0.305, SE = 0.140, Z = −2.18, P = 0.030).

Conclusions
These results provide robust evidence that regular aerobic exercise alone or in combination with resistance training is effective for improving QoL in adults with T2D. Such improvements seem to be mediated by improvements in physical components of HRQoL and are associated with improved blood glucose control. Further studies should be undertaken to determine the relative importance of exercise duration, intensity, and frequency on patient-reported outcomes such as QoL.
MR evaluation of the posteromedial corner of the knee: association of posterior horn medial meniscus tear with posterior oblique ligament and distal semi-membranosus tendon tear
Authors: Lee Jaehyung , Ahn Joong Mo , Kim Bo Ram , Kang Yusuhn , Lee Eugene , Lee Joon Woo , Kang Heung Sik 
Published: March 2023

Objective: To assess if posterior oblique ligament and distal semi-membranosus tendon tears are associated with posterior horn medial meniscus tears on MRI. Methods: From January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019, 56 patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. Of the 56 patients, 43 patients who had a posterior horn of medial meniscus tear were included in the study group. A control group of 13 individuals was formed for comparison. Two radiologists reviewed the MR images and recorded the presence and grades of posterior oblique ligament and distal semi-membranosus tendon tears. We used the independent t-test and one-way ANOVA to compare the tear grades. Interobserver agreement was analyzed using a Cohen’s κ coefficient (κ value) for categorical variables. Results: The mean grades for the posterior oblique ligament and distal semi-membranosus tendon tears were significantly higher in the study group (all, p < 0.001). Interobserver agreement between the two readers was substantial in assessing the grade of posterior oblique ligament tear (κ = 0.653±0.087) and almost perfect in assessing the grade of distal semi-membranosus tendon tear (κ = 0.876±0.060). Conclusion: Posterior oblique ligament and distal semi-membranosus tendon tears are significantly associated with posterior horn of medial meniscus tear and medial meniscus posterior root tears, and the peel-back mechanism could be related to this association. Advances in knowledge: Presenting this paper could adjust radiologist search patterns and potentially help orthopedists with management and pre-surgical planning for the posteromedial corner injury of the knee.
Pharmacists’ readiness and willingness to vaccinate the public in United Arab Emirates community pharmacies: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Thomas Dixon , Abdalla Amal , Hussein Saeed , Joury Jean , Elshamy Amin , Khalifa Sherief , Saleh Ziad 
Published: March 2023

Background: Pharmacist-administered vaccination is currently implemented in many countries worldwide. It has contributed to increased vaccine access and vaccine uptake. This observational cross-sectional study assessed community pharmacists’ willingness, and readiness to administer vaccines to the public in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and relate it to national and international policies on vaccination. Methods: This research was an online survey of 24-questions that was made available to community pharmacists via social media and WhatsApp. The survey was open for six weeks (from April to June 2022). Descriptive and inferential analysis was performed. Results: The questionnaire was completed by 374 of 575 (65%) respondents. More than half (64.2%) of the respondents agreed or strongly agreed that pharmacists should be able to vaccinate and 68.4% responded that they were willing to administer vaccines if local regulations allowed them to vaccinate. Most (81.8%) expressed willingness to complete training required to be able to administer vaccines in their pharmacies. Logistic regression showed that pharmacists defined as having high readiness were significantly more willing to undergo all essential training to start a vaccination service in their pharmacies than were pharmacists with poor readiness (OR 2.647; 95% CI: 1.518–4.615; p=0.001). High readiness was also significantly associated with agreement on safety of pharmacy-based vaccination (p=0.027). Conclusions: The majority of community pharmacists surveyed showed readiness to commence pharmacy-based vaccination services. Those with high readiness characteristics are amenable to receiving essential training and consider that vaccination in the community pharmacy setting would be safe.
Towards achieving transnational research partnership equity: lessons from implementing adaptive platform trials in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Modlin Chelsea , Sugarman Jeremy , Chongwe Gershom , Kass Nancy , Nazziwa Winfred , Tegli Jemee , Shrestha Prakriti , Ali Joseph 
Published: March 2023

Background: Use of adaptive clinical trials, particularly adaptive platform trials, has grown exponentially in response to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Implementation of these trials in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) has been fostered through the formation or modification of transnational research partnerships, typically between research groups from LMICs and high-income countries (HICs). While these partnerships are important to promote collaboration and overcome the structural and economic disadvantages faced by LMIC health researchers, it is critical to focus attention on the multiple dimensions of partnership equity. Methods: Based on informal literature reviews and meetings with leaders of one of the multinational COVID-19 adaptive platform trials, we describe what can be learned about research partnership equity from these experiences. Results: We organize these considerations into eight thematic categories: 1) epistemic structures, 2) funding, 3) ethics oversight, 4) regulatory oversight, 5) leadership, 6) post-trial access to interventions, data, and specimens, 7) knowledge translation, and 8) research capacity strengthening and maintenance. Within each category we review the normative claims that support its relevance to research partnership equity followed by discussion of how adaptive platform trials highlight new dimensions, considerations, or challenges. Conclusion: These observations provide insight into procedural and substantive equity-building measures within transnational global health research partnerships more broadly.
Gender inequity and COVID-19 vaccination policies for pregnant women in the Americas
Authors: Ambrogi Ilana , Brito Luciana , Griner Arbel , Bull Susan 
Published: March 2023

The region of the Americas has been the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic’s worst outcome in terms of number of deaths due to COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and the postpartum period has been found to be associated with increased risk of mortality and severe disease. Several Latin American and Caribbean countries have disproportionally high maternal mortality rates due to COVID-19. Although this region achieved relatively high vaccination rates among the general adult population, there were differing restrictions regarding the vaccination of those who were pregnant. In a pandemic, policies reflect political priorities in responses to the threats posed to populations and play an important role in promoting gender equity. This paper reports the results of an ethical analysis of 45 national COVID-19 vaccination public policies from seven countries – Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, and United States. The analysis drew on reproductive justice and feminist bioethics frameworks, paying close attention to whether and how gender and social and economic inequities were addressed. It found that exclusionary approaches in immunization policies which restricted access to vaccination during pregnancy were often justified on the basis of a lack of evidence about the effects of immunization of pregnant persons, and on the grounds of medical expertise, to the detriment of women’s autonomy and agency. As such these policies reiterate patriarchal moral understandings of women, pregnancy and motherhood. In practice, they counter human rights gender equity and equality principles, and became lethal, particularly to racialized women in Latin America. During an emerging lethal disease, policies and policy development must consider the intersection of oppressive structures to protect and guarantee rights of women, girls, and pregnant persons.
Uniqueness of Clearing Payment Matrices in Financial Networks
Authors: Csóka Péter , Herings P. Jean-Jacques 
Published: March 2023

We study bankruptcy problems in financial networks in the presence of general bankruptcy laws. The set of clearing payment matrices is shown to be a lattice, which guarantees the existence of a greatest clearing payment and a least clearing payment. Multiplicity of clearing payment matrices is both a theoretical and a practical concern. We present a new condition for uniqueness that generalizes all the existing conditions proposed in the literature. Our condition depends on the decomposition of the financial network into strongly connected components. A strongly connected component that contains more than one agent is called a cycle, and the involved agents are called cyclical agents. If there is a cycle without successors, then one of the agents in such a cycle should have a strictly positive endowment. The division rule used by a cyclical agent with a strictly positive endowment should be positive monotonic, and the rule used by a cyclical agent with a zero endowment should be strictly monotonic. Because division rules involving priorities are not positive monotonic, uniqueness of the clearing payment matrix is a much bigger concern for such division rules than for proportional ones. As a final contribution of the paper, we exhibit the relationship between the uniqueness of clearing payment matrices and the continuity of bankruptcy rules, a property that is very much desired for stability of financial systems. Funding: This research was supported by the Higher Education Institutional Excellence Program 2020 of the Ministry of Innovation and Technology in the framework of the “Financial and Public Services” research project [Grant TKP2020-IKA-02] at Corvinus University of Budapest. P. Csóka received funding from the National Research, Development and Innovation Office [Grants K-120035 and K-138826].
Test characteristics of rasterstereography for the early diagnosis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Vendeuvre Tanguy , Tabard-Fougère Anne , Armand Stéphane , Dayer Romain 
Published: March 2023

AimsThis study aimed to evaluate rasterstereography of the spine as a diagnostic test for adolescent idiopathic soliosis (AIS), and to compare its results with those obtained using a scoliometer.MethodsAdolescents suspected of AIS and scheduled for radiographs were included. Rasterstereographic scoliosis angle (SA), maximal vertebral surface rotation (ROT), and angle of trunk rotation (ATR) with a scoliometer were evaluated. The area under the curve (AUC) from receiver operating characteristic (ROC) plots were used to describe the discriminative ability of the SA, ROT, and ATR for scoliosis, defined as a Cobb angle > 10°. Test characteristics (sensitivity and specificity) were reported for the best threshold identified using the Youden method. AUC of SA, ATR, and ROT were compared using the bootstrap test for two correlated ROC curves method.ResultsOf 212 patients studied, 146 (69%) had an AIS. The AUC was 0.74 for scoliosis angle (threshold 12.5°, sensitivity 75%, specificity 65%), 0.65 for maximal vertebral surface rotation (threshold 7.5°, sensitivity 63%, specificity 64%), and 0.82 for angle of trunk rotation (threshold 5.5°, sensitivity 65%, specificity 80%). The AUC of ROT was significantly lower than that of ATR (p < 0.001) and SA (p < 0.001). The AUCs of ATR and SA were not significantly different (p = 0.115).ConclusionThe rasterstereographic scoliosis angle has better diagnostic characteristics than the angle of trunk rotation evaluated with a scoliometer, with similar AUCs and a higher sensitivity.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(4):431–438.