bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The New Cold War: Cyber Frontline
Authors: Sybikowska Bogdana 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The ongoing escalation of animosities between the United States, the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China is beginning to resemble the Cold War, which as a historical period might have ended in the twentieth century, but still endures as a state of hostilities between the countries, expressed in the form of an indirect conflict. These countries are actively growing their cyber capabilities that enable indirect and covert operations aimed at their opponents. In cyberspace, the states involved express the hostilities and the aims they try to achieve in the least detectable way. As a result, cyberspace has been securitized. It has been recognized by NATO as a domain of activities. In the United States, the National Cybersecurity Strategy has been published, recognizing cyberspace as an integral part of the economy and defence. A similar document called the Information Security Doctrine was issued in the Russian Federation, which manifests Russia’s aspirations in the field of information technology. The militarization of this area shows that cyberspace is becoming a battlefield in the new cold war. The Russian military invasion of Ukraine is complemented by the activities in the cyberspace. I analyse the new confrontation between the above-mentioned powers, looking for features of the Cold War in it. In particular, I examine the cyber capabilities of the United States, Russia and China. The article claims that the concept of cold war may be applicable to numerous historical eras, including the one that is still in effect now.
The Local Identity — The Case of Councilors from Lubelskie Municipalities and Counties’
Authors: Sidor Monika 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The article presents the issues of local identity. One of the main objectives was to indicate how to determine the local identity of councilors of municipalities and counties on the basis of three selected indicators. The article consists of three parts. The first will present the theoretical foundations of identity and its types. The second part shows how it can determine the local identity. The third part is empirical. The study, carried out with the use of a questionnaire, covered the councilors of the city of Lublin, the council of lubelski county, and councilors from 8 municipalities included in lubelski county. The electoral terms 2002–2006 and 2014–2018 were selected for the analysis. The quantitative and descriptive methods were used in the study. The analysis of the research shows that the overwhelming majority of councilors show local identification, but its territorial range is different and not only at the municipality and county level.
The change of commuting behaviour with planned high-speed railways in Czechia
Authors: Pařil Vilém , Viturka Milan , Rederer Václav 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper is focused on high-speed railway planning and its general aim is to assess potential commuting behaviour change on the example of planned high-speed railway in Czechia. We used standard geographical methods based on census data from 2011 in relevant ten regional centres and two important railway junctions that will be connected to high-speed railway according to planned network. The rest of three regional centres not planned to be connected to high-speed railway are disregarded. We assessed the attractiveness of relevant centre for commuter mobility change. The results document the strategic position of Prague as the main commuting centre, which relevant indicators significantly exceed all other labour mobility centres (the second most crucial centre Brno is about half the important one). This fact was confirmed by analyzing gradient labour areas and evaluating commuting relations among relevant centres. The assessment of potential impacts of HSR on labour markets is then carried out using the model of the marginal rate of labour mobility, where it is possible to count on positive impacts except for Prague on two other commuter centres, Brno and Pilsen. In the case of other analyzed centres, we can count on increasing the potential of a trip for work to the centres mentioned above.
Forced Migrations and the International Law
Authors: Emini Ridvan , Tahiri Mentor 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Forced population migration is not a modern phenomenon. It is often an integral part of totalitarian policies and has been used repeatedly to ensure the survival of political regimes or achieve specific political ambitions. Violent migration is present practically throughout history when considering the time scope and everywhere, practically in all continents of the world, with a specter of variations depending on the context imposed by the political circumstances, we can encounter it under different names. These variations have also reflections in the terminology used, among others, they are also indicators that speak of the different methods applied in order to achieve particular policies.
Individuals, families, or even whole peoples are forced to migrate violently, abandon their homes and leave behind them all their lives, including the material goods created up to that moment. Seen from a normal retrospective, forced migration represents the culmination of a regime’s goals to dominate the territory without hindrance from any possible resistance. This fact has brought so many tragedies to humanity, and even worse, it has often ended with “legitimization” by international treaties or has even been the product of inter-state agreements. Forced population migration has clearly brought to the surface the evil purpose and has revealed territorial ambitions.
Development of Students’ Leadership Potential and Skills in Foreign Language Learning
Authors: Radosavlevikj Neda 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper examines the way students developed their leadership potential by delivering an oral presentation and a project in an ‘English for Social Sciences’ course. By using a communicative approach, students were motivated to develop their leadership skills, which stimulated their learning and understanding at deeper levels. The survey was conducted with 14 students at undergraduate level, in their second year ESP Social Sciences 1 course; the students attend the Public Administration, International Communications, and Political Sciences departments of South East European University. The results showed that students attending this course showed the potential of developing leadership skills, and expressed positive attitudes and proficiency when delivering an oral presentation and project according to their preference in their field of study. Students were challenged and motivated to develop leadership skills, such as integrity and strength of character, that will prepare them for becoming potential leaders.
Criminal Responsibility (Insanity Defense)
Authors: Zejneli Rina , Arifi Besa 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Criminal responsibility refers to a person’s ability to understand his action, behavior at the time a crime is committed, what a person is thinking when he commits a crime or the expected result when a crime is committed. Crime is defined in terms of an act or omission (actus reus) and a mental state (mens rea). In this paper, is presented the general concept of irresponsibility and essentially reduced responsibility as a reason to be exempted from the punishment provided by the Criminal Code. Any perpetrator of a criminal offense who is capable of undertaking any action can be an active subject of a criminal offense, with the fact that regarding their sanctioning by the criminal system is concerned there are some restrictions related to age as well as dividing the perpetrators into responsible and non-responsible ones. For a person to be convicted of a crime, there must be evidence that proves his guilt, and that proves whether the perpetrator was in a regular state of mind or committed the criminal offense due to his irresponsibility.
Another important element of this scientific paper is the historical aspects of how irresponsibility has been treated from the customary law to the present day, a huge focus gets also the treatment of the biological-psychological concept on one hand and the treatment of the legal concept on the other hand for this category of people. A criminal defendant who turns out to have been incapacitated at the time he committed a crime may be acquitted because of his incapacity, or he may be sentenced leniently because he was unable to understand the importance of his actions. Legally, the defendant must prove and convince the court that he was not able to understand his actions, or he is not able to distinguish right from wrong, or he must prove that he committed the act in uncontrolled impulses.
IMPLEMENTASI TEORI VERBAL LINGUISTIC INTELLIGENCE DAN INTERPERSONAL INTELLIGENCE DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MAHÂRAT AL-KALÂM DAN MAHÂRAT AL-QIRÂ’AH
Authors: Azizah Nur , Abdul Wahab Muhbib 
Published: December 2022

This research aims to analyse the implementation of method, media, and evaluation of speaking skill and reading skill learning in Arabic learning based on the theory verbal linguistic intelligence and interpersonal intelligence. The method of this research was mixed method with triangulation concuren strategy by collecting quantitative data and qualitative data. The finding indicate that the learning of speaking skill and reading skill in learning Arabic at state Islamic Senior High School 2 and 4 Tanah Datar West Sumatera become very effective with applying the linguistic of theory verbal intelligence and interpersonal intellligence in good impact. Developed with that theory make test result Arabic subject the students are in the high category. The benefits of developing this theory in learning can also be concluded from the result of the questionnaire that have shared to students of states Islamic Senior High School 2 and 4 Tanah Datar West Sumatera. It was shown that maharat al-kalam and maharat al-qira’ah in the high category.
The case of primary diagnosis of aortic coarctation in a 39-year-old woman
Authors: Korneeva N. V. , Morozova A. M. , Udinkan A. G. , Belykh D. G. , Mikhaylova J. V. 
Published: December 2022

Article presents a clinical case report of late aortic coarctation (CoA) diagnosis of a 39-year-old woman. Considering that CoA is a rare congenital pathology, diagnosed and corrected mainly in childhood, physicians supervising patients over 18 years of age often exclude this disease from their diagnostic search. Meanwhile, the reported clinical case demonstrates specificcomplaints and features of the anamnesis, if were analyzed carefully would allow to establish a diagnosis much earlier. The main purpose of the publication is to remind primary care physicians about measuring blood pressure in the upper and lower extremities of young patients with arterial hypertension, without a history of aggravated cardiovascular diseases, and also to have the most common causes of secondary hypertension to be excluded: the endocrine system, kidneys and their vessels pathologies. In addition, the authors raise a number of interesting practical questions arising from the presented clinical case and give detailed answers in the discussion part of the article.
Pendampingan Pengembangan Aplikasi Layanan Terpadu Kelurahan Curah Grinting Kota Probolinggo Untuk Meningkatkan Layanan Kepada Masyarakat
Authors: Setyo Wibowo Nugroho , Utomo Adi Heru , Antika Elly , Angga Gumilang Mukhamad , Rosdiana Eva 
Published: December 2022

Perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi dalam era industrialisasi 5.0 memberikan dampak perubahan besar pada seluruh sektor dan bidang dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Aktifitas dalam kehidupan masyarakat hingga penyelenggaraan layanan sektor publik pemerintahan dalam birokrasi telah memanfaatkan pemanfaatan teknologi informasi komunikasi. Pemanfaatan teknologi informasi dan komunikassi melalui penggunaan web, media sosial, aplikasi sistem, dan platform lainnya mulai digunakan dalam seluruh kegiatan masyarakat dan birokrasi. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah membantu pihak Kelurahan Curah Grinting Pemerintah Kota Probolinggo dalam meningkatkan sistem pelayanan sektor publik yang ada melalui pemanfaatan teknologi informasi. Kegiatan ini dilakukan melalui pendampingan dalam pengembangan sistem informasi layanan public secara terpadu di kelurahan. Pengembangan sistem layanan terpadu ini dibuat dengan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Hypertext Preprocessor yaitu sebuah bahasa pemrograman yang sebenarnya mirip dengan JavaScript dan Python. Akhir kegiatan pengabdian ini diperoleh sebuah sistem layanan terpadu yang ada pada kelurahan tersebut sehingga memberikan kemudahan khususnya bagi masyarakat Kelurahan Curah Grinting Kota Probolinggo karena telah memanfaatan teknologi informasi. Aplikasi layanan terpadu ini menjadi pilihan yang terbaik karena melalui aplikasi ini proses pelayanan administrasi kepada masyarakat akan lebih mudah, cepat, transparan, akuntabel, dan terintegrasi secara akurat dan tepat waktu dari tingkat RT, RW, kelurahan dan kecamatan.
The Use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) in the Chayote Chips Dough Mixer
Authors: Susanti Roza , Aidha Zas Ressy , Yondri Surfa , Anderson Sir , Oktaviandra Tri 
Published: December 2022

This study uses a backpropagation neural network to determine the evenness of the chayote chip dough. The Tcs3200 Color Sensor mounted on the stirrer alt is used as a sensor to determine the color of the chayote emping dough. A regression score of 1 indicates that the input and target data match in the test results of the artificial neural network, which has an objective error (MSE) value of 0.0096306 achieved in the 313th epoch. Changes in RGB color readings on the TCS sensor from min values ??<40 and max values>52 in mixing dough are influenced by distance and light intensity which will be converted in the form of frequency.
Analisis Metode Estimasi Biaya pada Perangkat Lunak Beserta Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi : A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Ariyanto Amelia Devi Putri , â€˜Azizah Lutfiyatul , Yuhana Umi Laili 
Published: December 2022

Estimasi biaya sampai sekarang masih menjadi salah satu permasalahan utama dalam perencanaan proyek perangkat lunak. Estimasi biaya ini memiliki peran yang penting karena berpengaruh pada berjalannya proyek dan menjadi penentu keberhasilan suatu proyek perangkat lunak. Kegagalan estimasi biaya dalam perencanaan proyek perangkat lunak dapat menyebabkan proyek tidak berjalan dengan baik dan menimbulkan kerugian bagi perusahaan. Oleh karena itu, banyak peneliti sampai saat ini masih mencari dan melakukan penelitian untuk mendapatkan estimasi terbaik. Berbagai metode diusulkan untuk mendapatkan ketepatan akurasi dengan memperhatikan faktor-faktor estimasi biaya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuat Systematic Literature Review (SLR) yang berisi rangkuman dan analisis perkembangan penelitian terbaru tentang estimasi biaya pada perangkat lunak, khususnya pada metode yang digunakan serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi. Penelitian ini berhasil mengkaji 21 penelitian lain dalam lima tahun terakhir (2015-2020) dan didapatkan 24 metode usulan yang terbagi menjadi tiga jenis metode yang sering digunakan dalam melakukan estimasi biaya perangkat lunak yaitu nonparametrik, parametrik dan semiparametrik. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga berhasil menemukan metode dan kombinasi metode terbaik berdasarkan ketepatan akurasi beserta lima faktor utama yang mempengaruhi estimasi biaya sehingga dapat digunakan para peneliti atau praktisi lain untuk mengembangkan estimasi biaya pada proyek perangkat lunak. AbstractCost estimation has an important role because it affects the project’s progress and determines the success of a software project. Failure to estimate costs in software project planning can cause the project to not run well and cause losses to the company. Therefore, many researchers are still looking for and researching to get the best estimation by considering the cost estimation factors. The purpose of this study is to create a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) which contains a summary and analysis of the latest research developments on cost estimation in software, especially in the methods used and the factors that affect cost estimation. This study successfully reviewed 21 other studies in the last five years (2015-2020) and obtained 24 planning methods which are divided into three types of methods that are often used in conducting software cost research, namely nonparametric, parametric and semiparametric. Besides, this study also succeeded in finding the best method and combination of methods based on best accuracy, namely COCOMO II and the combination of Genetic Algorithm and Artificial Bee Colony, along with the five main factors that influence cost estimation so that it can be used by researchers or other practitioners to develop cost estimates for software projects.
Deteksi Cepat Kadar Alkohol Pada Minuman Kopi dengan Metode Dielektrik dan Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan
Authors: Sucipto Sucipto , Rohmawati Yuyun , Widyaningrum Dyah Ayu , Setiyawan Danang Triagus 
Published: December 2022

<p class="Abstrak">Penambahan <em>whiskey</em> pada minuman kopi menjadi problem bagi konsumen. Pengukuran perbedaan nilai sifat biolistrik setiap bahan diharapkan dapat memprediksi kadar alkohol dalam minuman kopi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memprediksi kadar alkohol dan pH minuman kopi berbasis sifat biolistrik bahan dan Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan (JST). Algoritma backpropagation digunakan menghubungkan input sifat biolistrik dan output prediksi kadar alkohol dan pH minuman kopi ditambah <em>whiskey</em>. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan minuman kopi bersifat kapasitif bahkan resistif. Analisis sensitivitas dengan input sifat biolistrik (induktansi, kapasitansi, resistansi dan impedansi) dan output kadar alkohol dan pH didapat topologi JST terbaik yaitu 4-10-30-2. Pada topologi JST terbaik didapat MSE pelatihan 0,000948 dan MSE validasi 0,0011 serta koefisien korelasi (R) pelatihan sebesar 0,99929 dan R validasi 0,99985. Hasil ini membuka peluang pengembangan teknik deteksi cepat kadar alkohol dalam minuman kopi berbasis sifat biolistrik dengan pemodelan JST.</p><p class="Abstrak"> </p><p class="Abstrak"><em><strong>Abstract</strong></em></p><p class="Abstract"><em>Whiskey addition in the coffee drinks is a problem for consumers. Measurement of differences in the value of the bioelectric properties of each ingredient is expected to predict alcohol content in coffee drinks. The purpose of this study was to estimate the alcohol content and pH of coffee drinks based on the bioelectric of material and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The back propagation algorithm was used to connect the input of bioelectric properties and output of prediction of alcohol content and pH in liqueur coffee. The results showed that liqueur coffee are capacitive and even resistive. Sensitivity analysis with bioelectric properties as input (inductance, capacitance, resistance, and impedance) and alcohol and also pH as output obtained the best ANN topology, 4-10-30-2. The best ANN topology had Mean Standard Error (MSE) of training of 0.000948 and validation MSE of 0.0011 with the correlation coefficient (R) of training and validation of 0.99929 and 0.99985, respectively. These results open up opportunities for the development of rapid alcohol content detection techniques based on bioelectric properties with ANN models for coffee drinks.</em></p><p class="Abstrak"><em><strong><br /></strong></em></p>
Analisis Kemiskinan Digital Indonesia di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0
Authors: Sakti Permata 
Published: December 2022

<p>Salah satu tujuan <em>Sustainable Development Goals</em> (SDG’s) 2030 adalah pengentasan kemiskinan, penguatan hak-hak dasar masyarakat dan disrupsi sosial akibat revolusi industri 4.0. Namun di Indonesia masih terdapat individu dengan sedikit atau tanpa akses ke teknologi, inilah yang kemudian disebut sebagai kemiskinan digital. Oleh karena itu sangat penting bagi pemerintah untuk memetakan serta menganalisis kelompok yang terkena dampak <em>inklusi digital</em>. Untuk itulah maka penelitian ini dilakukan. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua bagian, yaitu memetakan kemiskinan digital menggunakan QGIS kemudian membandingkan kemiskinan digital dengan kemiskinan ekonomi ke dalam empat kuadran. Data yang digunakan bersumber dari data Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) tahun 2019 dan 2020. Penggolongan kemiskinan digital dalam penelitian ini diadopsi dari model Barrantes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kemiskinan digital di Indonesia secara umum menurun. Kemudahan internet akses dan distribusi infrastruktur yang lebih baik bisa menjadi penyebab turunnya hal tersebut. Provinsi yang kondisi digitalnya lebih baik dalam rentang waktu 2019-2020 tersebut adalah Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) dan Aceh. Sedangkan provinsi yang indeks kemiskinan digitalnya tetap tinggi di tahun 2020 adalah Papua dan Papua Barat.</p><p> </p><p><em><strong>Abstract</strong></em></p><p class="Abstract"><em>One of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030 is poverty alleviation, strengthening people’s basic rights and social disruption due to industrial revolution 4.0. However, there are still individuals in Indonesia with little or no access to technology, which this term is then so-called digital poverty. It is therefore very important for the government to do mapping and analyzing groups affected by digital inclusion. For that reason this study is then conducted. This research consists of two parts, firstly is mapping digital poverty using QGIS and secondly is comparing digital poverty with economic poverty into four quadrants. The data used in this study is obtained from the 2019 and 2020 National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas) data. The digital poverty classification in this study is adopted from Barrantes. The results show that digital poverty in Indonesia is generally decreasing. The ease of internet access and better distribution of infrastructure could be the causes of this decline. Provinces that are getting much better in digital condition within the periode of 2019-2020 are East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) and Aceh. Meanwhile, the provinces which the digital poverty index remain high in 2020 are Papua and West Papua.</em></p><p><em><strong><br /></strong></em></p>