bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adsorption activity of spent coffee ground biochar for the removal of Vivizole Red 3BS dye from aqueous solution
Authors: Dima Admasu Adamu , Zewge Feleke , Chebude Yonas 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Spent coffee ground (SCG) is rich in carbon, and slow pyrolysis can convert biomass into biochar that can be used as an adsorbent to remove dyes. In one-step carbonization and activation of SCG, iron (III) chloride and K2CO3were used as a catalyst and solid-state activator, respectively. The predictive model for the removal of the dye by the activated SCG biochar was evaluated through response surface methodology- central composite design (RSM-CCD). ANOVA result analysis showed that among the model terms, the effect of pH was the most significant in removing the Vivizole Red 3 BS 150 % (VR 3BS) dye. The optimum values suggested by the CCD were an initial dye concentration of 20 mg/L, pH 3, an adsorbent dose of 0.5 g per 100 mL, and a contact time of 60 min, where the optimum removal of the dye was 94 %. The optimum conditions were validated using synthetic and textile wastewater, and the percent removals of the VR 3BS dye by the activated SCG were 96% and 90 %, respectively. The dye removal efficiency of activated SCG biochar was more significant than that of commercial activated carbon. The Langmuir model best described the adsorption isotherm. Adsorption kinetic data fitted well to the pseudo-second-order model. Both intraparticle and film diffusions affected the dye's adsorption rate. The thermodynamics study has shown that the adsorption process was a spontaneous, less random, exothermic process governed by a physical sorption mechanism. Thermal regeneration of the exhausted biochar improved VR 3BS dye removal efficiency.
Lower margins are tied to companies’ ESG rating rather than to low-carbon assets
Authors: Fricaudet Marie , Ameli Nadia , Smith Tristan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Lenders are likely to face significant transition risk associated with stranded shipping assets, but whether and how such risks are incorporated in their lending practices is still an open question. The extend of this risk depends on whether banks are able to incorporate such risks in their lending activity. Our results show that lower margins are tied to shipowners’ ESG rating rather than to low-carbon ships. Banks penalized carbon efficient ships before the Paris Agreement, but they no longer do while they have started rewarding shipowners with better ESG performance since then. Signing the sectoral voluntary disclosure initiative (Poseidon Principles), leads lenders to request margins 2.4 percentage points lower for companies with high ESG ratings, compared to those with the low scores. However, the Poseidon Principles does not impact the pricing of ships’ carbon intensity, casting doubts on the capacity of disclosure initiatives to change investment outlays.
Phenology and reproductive biology of Plukenetia corniculata Sm., a traditional wild vegetable of Southeast Asia
Authors: Feng Cheng , Zhu Yue , Su Qimei , Zhou Xiang , Chen Weiyue , Tao Yan-Bin , Chen Maosheng , He Huiying , Pan Bang-Zhen , Xu Zeng-Fu , Fu Qiantang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Plukenetia corniculata Sm., a member of the family Euphorbiaceae, is a traditional leafy vegetable in Southeast Asia. Its young shoots, leaves, and young fruits are consumed as vegetables, and its mature seeds can be eaten as nuts. Although P. corniculata is not included in the list of threatened species, habitat destruction has affected its survivability in some areas. To enhance the conservation and exploitation of P. corniculata germplasm, more knowledge is necessary to elucidate its flowering characteristics and reproductive biology.
Results
The results showed that the inflorescence buds of P. corniculata began to appear at approximately 98.72 days after sowing and fruits matured after another approximately 55.33 days. Pistillate flowers always blossomed approximately 5.07 days earlier than that of the first staminate flowers on the same inflorescence. On average, the anthesis of a single staminate flower lasted approximately 9.44 hours, pistillate flower 10.50 days, and the whole inflorescence 26.57 days. The pollen viability reached a maximum of 73.58% at the fourth hour after the staminate flower blooming, and the stigma receptivity usually lasted for approximately 9 days and reached a peak on the sixth day after stigma dehiscence. The pollen-ovule ratio (P/O) and outcrossing index (OCI) values of P. corniculata were 1607.09 and 3, respectively, suggesting its breeding system was classified as facultative xenogamy and self-compatible. Artificial pollination experiments furtherly confirmed that both self- and cross-pollination were compatible in P. corniculata. Additionally, seeds of P. corniculata had 70.67% kernel percentage and the oil content of kernels reached 58.65%.
Conclusions
This study provided comprehensive data on flowering and fruiting phenology, reproductive characteristics, and breeding system of P. corniculata. The optimal time for emasculation, pollen collection, and artificial pollination were also determined in P. corniculata. High kernel percentage and oil content of P. corniculata seeds are worthy of further study and exploitation. The work lays a foundation for conservation and further breeding strategy of P. corniculata.
Mirror changes in inferior wall myocardial infarction and its relationship with coronary lesions in non-infarcted areas using angiographic and electrocardiographic findings
Authors: Faramarzzadeh Reza , Nobakht Mahdieh , Behnemoon Mahsa , Haghtalab Arian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background and Objectives

The study examined mirror changes in inferior wall myocardial infarction and its relationship with coronary lesions in non-infarcted areas using angiographic and electrocardiographic findings.

Methods

This retrospective study analyses 270 patients with inferior wall myocardial infarction, 135 of whom had mirror changes, and 135 had no. The patients' electrocardiograms, echocardiography results, and angiography results were examined. Ejection fraction, thrombolytic response, coronary artery occlusion, occlusion rate, and the number of occluded vessels were evaluated in two patients with and without mirror changes.

Results

We found no significant relationship between mirror changes and lateral arteries (P = 0.091). The findings indicated a connection between ST-segment depression and the existence of stenosis in the irresponsible vessel (P = 0.026). Also, in those patients exhibiting ST-segment depression, the degree of stenosis was more pronounced in the responsible vessel (P = 0.003). Additionally, no relationship was reported between multi-vessel involvement and ST-segment depression (P = 0.462). There was a noteworthy relationship between ST-segment depression and thrombolytic response (P = 0.002). Moreover, the results indicated that there was no substantial correlation between the EF level and the occurrence of ST-segment depression (P = 0.209).

Conclusion

It seems that mirror change in the ST segment plays a role in the severity of responsible vessel occlusion and the significance of irresponsible vessel occlusion. Mirror change did not affect EF level, though it influenced thrombolytic responses.
Declining hip fracture burden in Sweden 1998-2019 and consequences for projections through 2050
Authors: Michaëlsson Karl , Baron John A , Byberg Liisa , Larsson Susanna C , Melhus Håkan , Gedeborg Rolf 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Although it may seem trivial to use national diagnosis databases to identify the number of patients, analyze time trends, and make projections, here we use hip fracture to illustrate the complexity and difficulty of estimating the reliable number of injury events. Readmissions after the index hip fracture are common, and register identification of a real second fracture is crucial for data accuracy. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the absolute and age-standardized number of hip fractures in Sweden during the past two decades to produce time trends and future projections. We also illustrate how the naïve use of register data leads to invalid estimates.
We used nationwide Swedish register data from 1998 to 2019 and a validated algorithm to calculate the annual absolute and age-standardized number of incident hip fractures over time. According to our algorithm, the total hip fracture burden was 335,399 incident events over the 22-year period, with a change from 16,180 in 1998 to 13,929 in 2019, a 14% decrease. One decade after the index hip fracture event, 80% of the patients had died and 11% had a new hip fracture. After considering the steady growth of the older population, the decline in the age-standardized number of hip fractures was 30%. With a continued similar reduction in hip fracture incidence, we can predict that 14,800 hip fractures will occur in 2034 and 12,000 in 2050 despite a doubling of the oldest old (≥80 years). Without an algorithm, a naïve estimate of the total number of hip fractures over the study period was 539,947, with a second 10-year hip fracture risk of 35%.
Accordingly, the naïve use of register data can dramatically inflate estimates of the number of fractures. We note an ongoing decline in absolute and age-standardized actual number of hip fractures in Sweden, with consequences for future projections.
Design of a Silicon Mach-Zehnder Modulator via Deep Learning and Evolutionary Algorithms
Authors: de Paula Romulo Aparecido , Aldaya Ivan , Sutili Tiago , Figueiredo Rafael C. , Pita Julian L. , Bustamante Yesica R. R. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
As an essential block in optical communication systems, silicon (Si) Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZMs) are approaching the limits of possible performance for high-speed applications. However, due to a large number of design parameters and the complex simulation of these devices, achieving high-performance configuration employing conventional optimization methods result in prohibitively long times and use of resources. Here, we propose a design methodology based on artificial neural networks and heuristic optimization that significantly reduces the complexity of the optimization process. First, we implemented a deep neural network model to substitute the 3D electromagnetic simulation of a Si-based MZM, whereas subsequently, this model is used to estimate the figure of merit within the heuristic optimizer, which, in our case, is the differential evolution algorithm. By applying this method to CMOS-compatible MZMs, we find new optimized configurations in terms of electro-optical bandwidth, insertion loss, and half-wave voltage. In particular, we achieve configurations of MZMs with a 40 GHz bandwidth and a driving voltage of 6.25 V, or, alternatively, 47.5 GHz with a driving voltage of 8 V. Furthermore, the faster simulation allowed optimizing MZM subject to different constraints, which permits us to explore the possible performance boundary of this type of MZMs.
Dispersal versus local recruitment - the central role of seed banks for meta-populaton dynamics in an aquatic plant
Authors: Tomowski Maxi , Lozada-Gobilard Sissi , Jeltsch Florian , Tiedemann Ralph 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Progressive habitat fragmentation threatens plant species with narrow habitat requirements. While local environmental conditions define population growth rates and recruitment success at the patch level, dispersal is critical for population viability at the landscape scale. Identifying the dynamics of plant meta-populations is often confounded by the uncertainty about dormant population compartments. We combined a landscape-scale assessment of an amphiphytic species’ population structure with measurements of dispersal complexity in time to track dispersal and putative shifts in functional connectivity. Using 13 microsatellite markers, we analyzed the genetic structure of extant Oenanthe aquatica populations and their soil seed banks in a kettle hole system to uncover hidden connectivity among populations in time and space. Considerable spatial genetic structure and isolation-by-distance (IBD) patterns suggest limited gene flow between sites. Spatial isolation and size of patches showed minor effects on genetic diversity. Local recruitment was prevalent, despite some evidence for spatial migration and recent colonization. Our findings uncover stepping-stone dynamics with source-sink effects based primarily on dispersal from persistent local to adjacent populations. Overall, spatiotemporal connectivity patterns provide support for meta-population dynamics in our system and highlight the importance of persistent seed banks as a long-term source of genetic diversity.
The prevalence of bronchiectasis in patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency: Initial report of EARCO
Authors: Stockley Robert A. , Pye Anita , DeSoyza Joshua , Turner Alice , Miravitlles Marc 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Although bronchiectasis has been recognised as a feature of some patients with Alpha1-Antitrypsin deficiency the prevalence and characteristics are not widely known. We wished to determine the prevalence of bronchiectasis and patient characteristics. The first cohort of patients recruited to the EARCO (European Alpha1 Research Collaboration) International Registry data base by the end of 2021 was analysed for radiological evidence of both emphysema and bronchiectasis as well as baseline demographic features.
Results
Of the first 505 patients with the PiZZ genotype entered into the data base 418 (82.8%) had a reported CT scan. There were 77 (18.4%) with a normal scan and 38 (9.1%) with bronchiectasis alone. These 2 groups were predominantly female never smokers and had lung function in the normal range. The remaining 303 (72.5%) ZZ patients all had emphysema on the scan and 113 (27%) had additional evidence of bronchiectasis.
Conclusions
The data indicates the bronchiectasis alone is a feature of 9.1% of patients with the PiZZ genotype of Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency but although emphysema is the dominant lung pathology bronchiectasis is also present in 27% of emphysema cases and may require a different treatment strategy.
Factors associated with the recruitment and retention of family and community medicine and nursing residents in rural settings: A qualitative study
Authors: Gloria Tort-Nasarre , Josep Vidal-Alaball , Màrius Fígols Pedrosa , Lorena Vazquez Abanades , Anna Forcada Arcarons , Joan Deniel Rosanas 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Currently, the growing shortage of primary care doctors and nurses is causing difficulties in replacement, and this shortage is expected to increase. This situation is more pronounced in rural environments than in urban ones. Family and community care specialty training is a key component of both the transition to clinical practice and the retention of new professionals. The aim of the study is to explore the attitudes and perceptions of internal medicine residents and internal nurse residents trained in a rural teaching unit on factors associated with recruitment and retention, including the role of the specialty training programme.
Methods
A qualitative study was conducted. Purposive sampling was used and thirteen residents from the central Catalonia teaching unit who were in their final year of training participated in semi-structured interviews. The data were collected during the year 2022. The data were subsequently analysed with thematic analysis. The study is reported using the COREQ checklist.
Results
Six themes emerged from the data related to perceptions and attitudes about the factors associated with recruitment and retention: training programme, characteristics of the family and community specialty, concept of rural life, family and relational factors, economic and resource factors, and recruitment and job opportunities.
Conclusions
Family and community medicine and nursing residents trained in rural settings expressed satisfaction with the specialty programme and most features of primary care, but they experience a wide range of uncertainties in deciding on their professional future. The study identifies individual and structural factors to consider and that could be of great use in order to retain doctors and nurses in rural areas.
Prediction of the Height of Fractured Water-Conducting Zone Using Swarm Intelligence Optimization Algorithms
Authors: Zhao Dekang , Li Zhenghao , Feng Guorui , Wang Fulong , Hao Chenwei , He Yaming , Dong Shuning 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The calculation of the height of fractured water-conducting zone (FWCZ) is of great significance for mine optimization design, water disaster prevention and safety production of the coal mines. In this paper, a height-prediction model of FWCZ based on extreme learning machine (ELM) is proposed. Aiming at its disadvantages of low prediction accuracy and relatively difficult parameter optimization, the ELM prediction model is optimized by the grey-wolf optimization algorithm (GOA), whale optimization algorithm (WOA) and salp optimization algorithm (SOA) respectively. These optimization algorithms overcome the problems of slow convergence, poor stability, and tendency to fall into local optimality of traditional neural networks. The mining depth, mining height, overburden strata structure, working face length and coal seam dip angle are selected as the main controlling factors for the height of FWCZ. A total of 42 fields measured samples are collected and divided into two subsets for training and validating with a ratio of 36/6. The prediction capability of GOA-ELM, WOA-ELM and SOA-ELM models are evaluated and compared, and the results show that the calculation results of the three models are optimized compared with the ELM model. The prediction capability of GOA and WOA are similar, while the prediction results of SOA-ELM are better than the other two models, and the relative errors of the test sets are all less than 10%. Therefore, the SOA-ELM model is finally applied to predict the height of FWCZ formed after the mining of No.15 coal seam in Xinjian Coal Mine. Finally, prediction results are verified by the measured data of the borehole television detection instrument, which shows good consistency. It further proves the effectiveness of the swarm intelligence optimization algorithm in the prediction of the height of FWCZ.
First luminescence chronology of the Initial Upper Palaeolithic of Eastern Kazakhstan at Ushbulak
Authors: Kurbanov R. N. , Pavlenok G. D. , Ulyanov V. A. , Kharevich V. M. , Taimagambetov Zh. K. , Semikolennykh D. V. , Anoikin A. A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

The paper presents the first results of a detailed geochronological study of the Central Asian reference section for the Upper Palaeolithic multilayered site at the Ushbulak. Seven main cultural layers were identified in the stratigraphic sequence in two excavations. Artefact’s properties distinguish four main stages of the occupation: Paleo-Metallic era; Final Upper Palaeolithic; advanced Upper Palaeolithic; initial stages of the Upper Palaeolithic. Detailed luminescence dating using both optically stimulated luminescence and infrared stimulated luminescence is used to provide a chronology for the main archaeological units and proluvial-colluvial deposits of the site. The sedimentology is described, based on detailed characteristics of all lithological layers, the geomorphological structure of the area and modern exogenous processes. Comparison of three luminescence dating signals indicate that it is likely that all 3 signals were sufficiently well reset before deposition, so that the IRSL ages reflect the time of deposition, and based on other laboratory tests we consider the individual ages and the final chronology to be reliable. We now characterise the Ushbulak site in three cultural-chronological stages, corresponding to different periods of the Upper Palaeolithic stone industries: the Initial Upper Palaeolithic, recorded in the interval 51–34 ka; the advanced Upper Palaeolithic between 25 and 21 ka and the Final Upper Paleolithic between 17 and 14 ka. Finally, this research identifies this initial main settlement of the site as occurring about 51 ka ago, i.e. during the initial warming stage of MIS 3c.
Application of discipline integration in the practical teaching of endodontic‒restorative sequential treatment
Authors: Chen Luona , Wang Jian , Zhang Xin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: The cultivation of clinical reasoning and operative skills is the core of the practice course for undergraduates majoring in stomatology. To achieve this goal, a “discipline integration teaching method” is adopted in the practice course for root canal and prosthetic treatments in stomatology.
Methods: A total of 893 students of West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, participated in this study. Of these students, 443 in the 2016-grade and 2017-grade groups used the traditional teaching method (Group TT) for preclinical practice courses (endodontics and prosthodontics training courses were taught separately), and 450 in the 2018-grade and 2019-grade groups used the discipline integration teaching method (Group DIT) for a preclinical practice course (root canal and prosthetic treatments were integrated into an endodontic‒restorative sequential treatment). The scores of the students (clinical skills examination and treatment planning) were compared between the two groups. In addition, students in Group DIT and their teachers were asked to complete a questionnaire on their attitudes and opinions about the DIT method in the preclinical course.
Results: The results indicated that the DIT method was more effective than the TT method in enhancing students’ clinical reasoning and operational abilities. The questionnaire results showed that the teachers and students had recognized the DIT method.
Conclusions: The DIT method significantly improved students’ learning quality and proved effective in the endodontic‒restorative sequential treatment practice course. This teaching method is expected to be further applied to other correlated subjects.
Thunder-DDA-PASEF enables high-coverage immunopeptidomics and identifies HLA class-I presented SarsCov-2 spike protein epitopes
Authors: Gomez-Zepeda David , Arnold-Schild Danielle , Beyrle Julian , Kumm Elena , Distler Ute , Schild Hansjörg , Tenzer Stefan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I peptide ligands (HLAIps) are key targets for developing vaccines and immunotherapies against infectious pathogens or cancer cells. Identifying HLAIps is challenging due to their high diversity, low abundance, and patient-specific profiles. Here, we developed a highly sensitive method for identifying HLAIps using liquid chromatography-ion mobility-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-IMS-MS/MS). The optimized method, Thunder-DDA-PASEF, semi-selectively fragments HLAIps based on their IMS and m/z, thus increasing the coverage of immunopeptidomics analyses. Thunder-DDA-PASEF includes singly-charged peptides, which contributes to more than 35% of the HLAIp identifications. Combined with MS2Rescore, Thunder-DDA-PASEF improved ligandome coverage by 150% compared to the original-DDA-PASEF method, and enabled in-depth profiling of HLAIps from two human cell lines, JY and Raji, transfected to express the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. We identified seventeen spike protein HLAIps, thirteen of which had been reported to elicit immune responses in human patients.