bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endófitos fúngicos relacionados con la maduración natural y compuestos aromáticos en frutos de especies de la orquídea del género <em>Vanilla</em>
Authors: Mosquera-Espinosa Ana T. , Rodríguez-Mina Yely G. 
Published: January 2023

La interacción biótica entre plantas y hongos endófitos fortalece la capacidad adaptativa de los hospederos frente a perturbaciones del ambiente, y confiere a los microorganismos asociados beneficios de nutrición y protección. Estudios asociados a hongos endófitos reportan su presencia en la mayor diversidad de plantas existentes. En diferentes plantas hospederas, la interacción con hongos endófitos favorece la producción de metabolitos secundarios y fitohormonas que participan en la obtención de propiedades organolépticas como los sabores y los aromas. Sin embargo, las investigaciones desarrolladas en el género Vanilla son escasas, dificultando el entendimiento de las funciones que pueden desempeñar estos microorganismos en beneficio del hospedero. Con relación a Vanilla, los frutos de especies dentro del clado aromático se distinguen por la presencia de compuestos aromáticos, que aumentan su contenido durante la maduración. Algunos estudios, han demostrado que en los frutos de esta orquídea existen hongos endófitos posiblemente asociados al proceso de maduración que se acelera mediante el curado, pero pocos de estos estudios, han evaluado la actividad de dichos hongos relacionados con la maduración del fruto de forma natural. En esta revisión se recopila literatura científica relacionada con el conocimiento de las comunidades de endófitos fúngicos y su posible aporte en la maduración y producción de compuestos aromáticos en los frutos de vainilla. Se identifican oportunidades de investigación para desarrollar futuros estudios sobre el papel de los microorganismos fungosos para la obtención de metabolitos y precursores aromáticos de los frutos en especies de Vanilla, tanto en condiciones silvestres como en cultivos comerciales.
Trust and Uncertainty in the Implementation of a Pilot Remote Blood Pressure Monitoring Program in Primary Care: Qualitative Study of Patient and Health Care Professional Views
Authors: Chew Evelyn , Teo Sok Huang , Tang Wern Ee , Ng David Wei Liang , Koh Gerald Choon Huat , Teo Valerie Hui Ying 
Published: January 2023

Background
Trust is of fundamental importance to the adoption of technologies in health care. The increasing use of telemedicine worldwide makes it important to consider user views and experiences. In particular, we ask how the mediation of a technological platform alters the trust relationship between patient and health care provider.

Objective
To date, few qualitative studies have focused on trust in the use of remote health care technologies. This study examined the perspectives of patients and clinical staff who participated in a remote blood pressure monitoring program, focusing on their experiences of trust and uncertainty in the use of technology and how this telehealth intervention may have affected the patient-provider relationship.

Methods
A secondary qualitative analysis using inductive thematic analysis was conducted on interview data from 13 patients and 8 staff members who participated in a remote blood pressure monitoring program to elicit themes related to trust.

Results
In total, 4 themes were elicited that showed increased trust (patients felt reassured, patients trusted the telehealth program, staff felt that the data were trustworthy, and a better patient-provider partnership based on the mutually trusted data), and 4 themes were elicited that reflected decreased trust (patients’ distrust of technology, clinicians’ concerns about the limitations of technologically mediated interactions, experiences of uncertainty, and institutional risk).

Conclusions
Managing trust relationships plays an important role in the successful implementation of telemedicine. Ensuring that trust building is incorporated in the design of telehealth interventions can contribute to improved effectiveness and quality of care.
Diatom-based assessment of the ecological status of the Venta River, Kuldīga
Authors:   University of Latvia, Institute of Biology, Grudzinska Ieva , Florentīne Megija ,   Riga 1st Secondary School
Published: January 2023

Pressure from land use patterns, climate change, and urbanisation on rivers is an important socio-ecological issue that requires management and biomonitoring. The ecologi-cal status of the Venta River at Kuldīga was assessed using bioindicators, specifically diatoms, which are widely used in monitoring of streams and rivers worldwide, especially in European countries. Ecological status was defined by calculating Specific Pollution Sensitivity Index (IPS). In addition, diatom diversity was determined in the studied part of the river. A total of six sam-pling sites were selected along a 10 km stretch of the river in the territory of Kuldīga. The aver-age distance between sampling sites was 1.5 km. A total of 118 taxa were identified in all samples. The highest species diversity (67 taxa) was observed in sample 2. Individual rarefaction was calculated if exactly 500 diatom valves were counted in all samples. The lowest species diversity was observed in samples 6 (45 taxa) and 6A (17 taxa). Samples 1 and 5 were the most similar in terms of species composition. This is probably because both sites have similar physical characteristics that include sandy beaches with a slow current. The most abundant diatoms were Cocconeis placentula Ehrenberg, Amphora pediculus (Kützing) Grunow, Nitzschia fossilis (Grunow) Grunow, Navicula capitatoradiata Germain ex Gasse, Navicula antonii Lange-Bertalot, Amphora libyca Ehrenberg, and Sellaphora nigri (De Notaris) Wetzel & Ector, which are commonly found in eutrophic waters. Diatom analysis suggests that the Venta might be at risk for eutrophication. For the most abundant diatom taxa, the suscep-tibility to pollution was assessed as III (medium), but there were also diatoms with IV and V (very sensitive to pollution). This shows that the Venta River in Kuldīga overall has low levels of pollution. All study sites were rated as having ‘good’ ecological status according to the IPS index (12.4-14.1 IPS).
The role of natural dietary antioxidants in animals under oxidative stress
Authors:   University of Latvia, Institute of Biology, Vasiļjeva Svetlana , Basova Natalija , Smirnova Gaļina , Babarykin Dmitry ,   Institute of Innovative Biomedical Technology Ltd.
Published: January 2023

Among the main environmental stressors the most toxic are heavy metals including cadmium (Cd). Stress conditions caused by Cd are associated with overproduction of free radi-cals following a disturbance in prooxidant-antioxidant balance and tissue damage. The protec-tive action of nutrients with natural antioxidative activities against Cd-induced oxidative stress in chickens was investigated. The experimental analyses demonstrated enhanced production of reactive oxidation species and immunosuppressive effect in Cd-exposed chickens. As anti-oxidant dietary supplements the salts of zinc (ZnCl2) and selenium (Na2SeO2), and vitamin C (ascorbic acid) were used in the experiments with chickens administered orally 100 mcg of Cd (water solution of CdCl2). The antioxidative effect of developed new natural innovative prod-uct from red beetroot (fractionated juice) was studied in additional experiment, when chick-ens exposed to Cd with diet (50 mg/kg). Experimental results demonstrated the prospect of preventive role of Zn, Se, ascorbic acid, and beetroot fractionated juice in the improvement of Cd-induced disorders in the body in case of environmental pollution with heavy metals.
Influence of peat substrate composition on indicators of physiological vitality of cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus L.) during the rooting period
Authors:   University of Latvia, Institute of Biology, Laboratory of Plant Mineral Nutrition, Āboliņa Laura , Karlsons Andis 
Published: January 2023

The growing of cloudberry Rubus chamaemorus in Latvia and globally is still done in rather small areas and harvests are mainly obtained in wild stands, thus making cloudberry cultivation in Latvia a promising research field. The aim of the study was to determine the most suitable substrate composition for successful rooting of cloudberry in greenhouse conditions. Results indicated that unfertilized peat (K) was the most suitable for cloudberry rooting, as it ensured the highest survival and vitality of plants in the first year.
Taṭbīq al-Imlā’ al-Manẓūr bi al-Khariṭah al-Ẑihniyyah li Tarqiyyah Qudrah al-Ṭullāb fi Tarkīb al-Jumal al-Mufīdah (Dirāsah Tajrībiyyah li al-Marḥalah al-`Āliyah bi Ma`had Dār al-`Ulūm al-`Aṣrī Banda Aceh)
Authors: Isna Isna  , Azman Ismail  , Buhori Muslim  
Published: January 2023

Imlak is the activity of changing sounds that can be understood into written symbols, but these letters are placed in the correct position of words, to correct the pronunciation and meaning desired. The title of this research is "The Implementation of ImlakMandhur through Mind Mapping in Increasing the Students’ Ability in Writing of Complete Sentences (The Experimental Study at Dayah Modern DarulUlum) ".There are some reasons for the researcher to conduct this research. Low motivation of students. The students were sleepy, when the teacher taught in the class.Some of them played to each other and did not pay attention to the lesson. When the teacher instructs them to write the mufradat,, they were unable to write properly and correctly, and some errors was found in writing mufradat. As for the difficulty of students in writing Arabic mufradat, they do not master the rules and the way in connecting Arabic letters. Besides they also lack of vocabulary in writing. The problems that dealing by the students, it caused by the monotonous method. The purpose of this study is to increase the students’ ability in Arabic writing by using ImlakMandhur Method through Mind Mapping. It aims to increase the students’ ability in writing. The population was all the students at Modern Darul Ulum, namely 933 students. The sample was 30 students at class X1c as the experimental group and 30 students at X1A as control group. The researcher used semi- experimental research design in conducting this research. Post test and observation was used to collect the data. The result was found that the implementation of ImlakMandhur by using Mind Mapping Media can increase the students’ ability in Arabic writing. In this case, the average score for the experimental group was higher than control group (87, 2 higher than 79.8). It means that the t-test was higher than (t table = 2, 04 from 5% from 1 %).
Taḥlīl al Bunūd al Ikhtibar fi Mādah al Muḥādaṡah bi Ma`had Jāmi`ah ar Rānirīy Dār al Salām
Authors: Nanda A`thani  , Moch. Fajarul Falah  , Mukhlisah Mukhlisah  
Published: January 2023

Ma’had Al-Jami’ah Ar-Raniry Darussalam has many students from different departments, including the Department of Biology, Department of Physics, and the some others, the researcher noticed that most of them are able to answer questions correctly in the exercises. In fact, that book shows the short material and many tests, and each test has a variety of items. Therefore, the researcher wanted to analyze the form of the test items. In this paper, the researcher determines whether the test items in the Conversation Subject at the Ma’had Al-Jami’ah Ar-Raniry Darussalam are appropriate in terms of level of validity, reability, difficulty and in terms of level of discrimination. As for the purposes of scientific writing are to find out the suitability of the test items in the Conversation Subject At The Ma’had Al - Jami’ah Ar-Raniry Darussalam in terms of the level of validity, reability, difficulty and in terms of level of discrimination. As for the research method that the researcher used, it is the content analysis method. The population in this research is all students in SCTV’s dormitory which 183 students and the research took 22 students for sampling. In data collection researcher used documentation, that is, the test items in the Arabic Language Lessons Book for Non-Native Speakers Part One and the author is Dr. F. Abdurrahim in the Conversation Subject At The Ma’had Al-Jami’ah Ar-Raniry Darussalam. Based on the research can be obtained that the questions test which presented by the teacher are not in accordance with the standard item test in terms of validity, reliability, level of difficulty and discrimination.
Taṭwīr Mawād al Qirāah Bi al Wasāil al Muta`addidah al Tafā`uliyyah (Dirāsah al Baḥṡ Wa al Taṭwīr Li al Marḥalah al Mutawassiṭah Bi Ma`had Bāb al Maghfirah Aceh Besar)
Authors: Fadhil H. Nurdin  , Ahmad Fauzi  , Badruzzaman Badruzzaman  
Published: January 2023

The researcher has noticed a manifestation of the incident that most teachers from the middle school at the SMP Babul Maghfirah use traditional educational means in the process of teaching Arabic, especially for reading skill, and read and translate the material from the textbook until they need a long opportunity to repeat the reading text, and the text may read a dispute about exits The letters, and on this it is difficult for students to focus, hear and understand the contents of the reading story what the teacher read from the textbook, because many of the students are graduates of the SDN primary school and they did not learn Arabic before, as well as they still do not control the many vocabulary. Therefore, the researcher wants to do research on: Development of Reading Subject Matter Based on Interactive Multimedia (Research and Development at SMP Babul Maghfirah in Aceh Besar). The research aims to develop Reading Subject Matter Based on Interactive Multimedia and its effects on students. The research method referred to research and development used the method named ADDIE. The research population includes all students of Babul Maghfirah in Aceh Besar, 28 students from the second grade (D), 432 students in total. The researcher has conducted interviews, questionnaires, and tests as research tools. This research aims to develop interactive Multimedia that could give more positive benefits for students based on five steps; analysis, design, development, application, and evaluation. As a result, the researcher has successfully created a new interactive Multimedia of reading subject matter. It also has received a positive score, in learning materials and in media 100% (Special). The application has effectively contributed to the development of students' reading ability based on the calculation (ttest), which is bigger than the table's results (ttable) or 7.76 > 2.05 and 2.77.
A Ação Popular no Direito Comparado
Authors: Espada Ivete Mafundza 
Published: January 2023

Neste artigo, analisamos a figura de ação popular no Ordenamento Jurídico Moçambicano. Constitucionalmente previsto, o regime jurídico da figura da ação popular no ordenamento de Moçambique levanta questionamentos dignos de análise, porquanto sendo um mecanismo crucial para a materialização dos direitos fundamentais dos cidadãos, a ação popular em Moçambique não clarifica, por exemplo, questões como quem tem legitimidade ativa e passiva; qual o objeto tutelado; e que espécies de ação podem ser intentadas, como acontece, por exemplo, em Portugal, nas situações em que a ação popular pode ser individual (de autoria singular ou plúrima) ou coletiva (cuja legitimidade é conferida às associações e fundações defensoras da saúde pública, do ambiente, da qualidade de vida). Por outro lado, não são claros, no ordenamento de Moçambique, os cenários em que para titularidade do direito de ação popular devem ou não, os sujeitos ativos, comprovar o gozo de seus direitos civis e políticos, e se tal direito é extensivo às associações e fundações, ou ainda se a ação popular é vista como um verdadeiro direito fundamental que abarca a tutela e defesa da moralidade administrativa, do meio ambiente e do património histórico e cultural, sendo, por isso, com o corolário de ser uma garantia de nível constitucional, que, sob a forma de ação civil, a sua tutela é requerida através de processo contencioso especial, com partes ativas e passivas, a ser decidido pelo órgão jurisdicional, como acontece no Brasil. Entretanto, o certo é que em Moçambique a ação popular é sempre uma ação judicial e, neste sentido, a expressão do direito fundamental de acesso aos tribunais, e distingue-se de todas as demais modalidades de ações pela amplitude do objeto e dos critérios determinativos da legitimidade para a respetiva propositura. Para fazer a análise, recorremos à revisão bibliográfica, e a conclusão a que chegamos é que, há várias diferenças entre os três regimes analisados, cujo estudo mútuo pode permitir a melhoria dos diversos sistemas jurídicos analisados e do Moçambicano, em particular.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Ação popular. Ordenamento Jurídico. Moçambique. Brasil. Portugal.
Left Out in The Cold?
Authors: Del Negro Barroso Freitas Guilherme , Lima Lucas Carlos , Veloso Caetano Soares Rodolfo 
Published: January 2023

International Law and the Cold War is an invitation to study some of the forgotten discourses related to this period, many times unfairly associated with the idea of decay. The historical experience is often summarized with the assertion that “the Cold War period saw a decline in the commitment to international adjudication”. An examination of the judicial practice in the period is carried out, namely arbitration and decisions of the International Court of Justice (ICJ). We shall also briefly scrutinize the appearance of jurisdictional clauses in international treaties signed between 1947 and 1990. The second part of the article presents a specific instance of judicial settlement of disputes, outlining the American Treaty for the Peaceful Settlement of Disputes and the fundamental choices of the “Pact of Bogota” in relation to judicial settlement. In the third part, we zoom in on some ideas regarding international adjudication in Latin America and on the writings of some Brazilian authors – such as Haroldo Valladão – to demonstrate their perception of the phenomenon. The present analysis proves that the judicial settlement of international disputes did not depend on the collapse of the Soviet Union for coming into operation. Interstate arbitrations were very much present during the Cold War years. Jurisdictional clauses remained in vogue, a great number of treaties still being adopted that referred their disputes to the International Court of Justice. The Pact of Bogota was a groundbreaking initiative to support the jurisdiction of an international court through collective recognition, consolidating regional practice on compulsory adjudication.
KEYWORDS: Cold War; settlement of disputes; interstate arbitration; International Court of Justice; Pact of Bogota.
One Cuba is Enough
Authors: Ramos Barros Patrícia , Dalledone Machado Filho Roberto 
Published: January 2023

Despite the contribution of new streams in international law scholarship, the decades of the Cold War remain underexplored in Latin American current historiography. Removing the geopolitical conflict from the centrality of historiographic analysis, the present article aims to understand the operation of international law in the Cold War through Latin American regional dynamics. Through the reading of the articles on “collective security” published in some international law journals during the period of the Cold War (American Journal of International Law and the Mexican Foro Internacional), this article recounts the history of the jurisdictional conflict between regional and universal organizations. It demonstrates that the history of collective security in the hemisphere begins as experiment in formalization of the long and distinct American tradition in international law. The defense of this tradition served as a basis to formalize or legalize the projection of US power in the Americas. Latin Americans responded to this push first by endorsing the creation of a regional organization and a collective security arrangement, later by using law as a strategy to advance their position. However, as collective security increasingly became a justification for violations of the UN Charter, solidarity among American republics faded and cooperation, despite a regional treaty, became virtually impossible. The regional agreement thus proved to be both an enabler and an obstacle for this strategy. Thus, we conclude that the history of the International Law in Latin American during the Cold War was also the history of the demise of American International Law.
KEYWORDS: Cold War. Latin America; International Law; Collective Security.
Crime Instantâneo e Crime Permanente
Authors: Lima Scalcon Raquel , Longobardi Campana Felipe 
Published: January 2023

O presente artigo busca analisar os principais critérios apresentados para distinguir os crimes instantâneos dos crimes permanentes para verificar se há um possível equívoco na premissa de partir da distinção calcada no desvalor do resultado. Na sequência, busca-se propor o esboço de um critério de distinção baseado no desvalor da conduta, porque reduz consideravelmente a utilização da categoria dos crimes permanentes e justifica legitimamente suas consequências jurídicas.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Crimes permanentes. Crimes instantâneos. Critérios de distinção. Desvalor da conduta.
O Juiz Francês e seus Valores Sob o Olhar Cinematográfico
Authors: Flores-Lonjou Magali , Thirion Nicolas 
Published: January 2023

Em uma sociedade abandonada pela moralidade e pela religião, o juiz é regularmente conduzido a decidir sobre questões políticas e sociais que convidam à reflexão a respeito da ficção jurídica de sua neutralidade axiológica. De fato, a este juiz dito "boca da lei", requer-se que tome partido, mesmo que seja sob o pretexto de uma retórica aparentemente neutra – aquela do Direito. Como conciliar a figura abstrata do juiz – a de um terceiro imparcial, situado acima da lide – e sua encarnação em um ser de carne e osso, permeado por suas paixões, seus preconceitos e sua visão do mundo? Algumas análises, exteriores à doutrina jurídica, tentaram apreender as complexas relações entre o mito da imparcialidade e a realidade da relação do juiz com os valores (sociologia do direito e da justiça, teorias do direito reputadas realistas). No entanto, para além destes eruditos, o cinema também explorou, por seus próprios meios, a questão da articulação entre a missão do juiz, suas opiniões pessoais, possivelmente elucidadas pelo contexto social, e os conflitos de valores com os quais é confrontado nas salas de audiência, em uma série de filmes com juízes e promotores franceses.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Magistrado. Neutralidade axiológica/ Valores. Realismo jurídico. Direito e cinema. Juiz. Promotor. Ética judicial. Conflitos de valores.
Potencialidades da História da Matemática junto ao estudo de Equações Polinomiais do 1º Grau
Authors: Prado Paola do , Pereira Luiz Henrique Ferraz 
Published: January 2023

O presente artigo é resultado do Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso de graduação em Matemática (L), na Universidade de Passo Fundo/RS e discorre sobre a tendência em Educação Matemática: História da Matemática (HM) e vinculações desta junto ao conteúdo de Equações de 1º Grau. Nessa perspectiva, tem como objetivo discutir potencialidades da utilização dessa tendência junto ao ensino de Álgebra, especificamente Equações de 1º grau no Ensino Fundamental. Apresenta, então, resultados de uma pesquisa realizada por um dos autores, durante seu estágio supervisionado, em uma turma de 8º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Na temática de Equações de 1º grau, trabalhou-se com a utilização de problemas históricos como opção de recurso didático para aliar o conteúdo a ser desenvolvido – Equações – e a HM. Encontra-se sustentação teórica em autores como Iran Abreu Mendes, Antonio Miguel, William P. Berlinghoff e Fernando Q. Gouvêa. Ao término da proposta desenvolvida, foi possível intuir que a HM é um recurso de grande valia para os estudos dos conteúdos matemáticos, no caso da Álgebra e da Equação de 1º grau, pois apresentou aos alunos uma nova visão acerca da disciplina de Matemática, com indicativos de auxílio na aprendizagem do conteúdo.