bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gaussian copula modeling of extreme cold and weak-wind events over Europe conditioned on winter weather regimes
Authors: Tedesco Paulina , Lenkoski Alex , Bloomfield Hannah C , Sillmann Jana 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A transition to renewable energy is needed to mitigate climate change. In Europe, this transition has been led by wind energy, which is one of the fastest growing energy sources. However, energy demand and production are sensitive to meteorological conditions and atmospheric variability at multiple time scales. To accomplish the required balance between these two variables, critical conditions of high demand and low wind energy supply must be considered in the design of energy systems. We describe a methodology for modeling joint distributions of meteorological variables without making any assumptions about their marginal distributions. In this context, Gaussian copulas are used to model the correlated nature of cold and weak-wind events. The marginal distributions are modeled with logistic regressions defining two sets of binary variables as predictors: four large-scale weather regimes (WRs) and the months of the extended winter season. By applying this framework to ERA5 data, we can compute the joint probabilities of co-occurrence of cold and weak-wind events on a high-resolution grid

(

0.2
∘

)

.Our results show that (a) WRs must be considered when modeling cold and weak-wind events, (b) it is essential to account for the correlations between these events when modeling their joint distribution, (c) we need to analyze each month separately, and (d) the highest estimated number of days with compound events are associated with the negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (3 days on average over Finland, Ireland, and Lithuania in January, and France and Luxembourg in February) and the Scandinavian blocking pattern (3 days on average over Ireland in January and Denmark in February). This information could be relevant for application in sub-seasonal to seasonal forecasts of such events.
A stationary model of non-intersecting directed polymers
Authors: Barraquand Guillaume , Doussal Pierre Le 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We consider the partition function

Z

ℓ

(

x
⃗

,
0
|

y
⃗

,
t
)

of

ℓ

non-intersecting continuous directed polymers of length t in dimension

1
+
1

, in a white noise environment, starting from positions

x
⃗

and terminating at positions

y
⃗

. When

ℓ
=
1

, it is well known that for fixed x, the field

log

Z
1

(
x
,
0
|
y
,
t
)

solves the Kardar–Parisi–Zhang equation and admits the Brownian motion as a stationary measure. In particular, as t goes to infinity,

Z
1

(
x
,
0
|
y
,
t
)

/

Z
1

(
x
,
0
|
0
,
t
)

converges to the exponential of a Brownian motion B(y). In this article, we show an analogue of this result for any

ℓ

. We show that

Z

ℓ

(

x
⃗

,
0
|

y
⃗

,
t
)

/

Z

ℓ

(

x
⃗

,
0
|

0
⃗

,
t
)

converges as t goes to infinity to an explicit functional

Z

ℓ

s
t
a
t

(

y
⃗

)

of

ℓ

independent Brownian motions. This functional

Z

ℓ

s
t
a
t

(

y
⃗

)

admits a simple description as the partition sum for

ℓ

non-intersecting semi-discrete polymers on

ℓ

lines. We discuss applications to the endpoints and midpoints distribution for long non-crossing polymers and derive explicit formula in the case of two polymers. To obtain these results, we show that the stationary measure of the O’Connell–Warren multilayer stochastic heat equation is given by a collection of independent Brownian motions. This in turn is shown via analogous results in a discrete setup for the so-called log-gamma polymer and exploit the connection between non-intersecting log-gamma polymers and the geometric Robinson–Schensted–Knuth correspondence found in Corwin-O’Connell-Seppäläinen-Zygouras (2014 Duke Math. J.
163 513–63).
Fish scale containing alginate dialdehyde-gelatin bioink for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Kara Özenler Aylin , Distler Thomas , Tihminlioglu Funda , Boccaccini Aldo R 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The development of biomaterial inks suitable for biofabrication and mimicking the physicochemical properties of the extracellular matrix is essential for the application of bioprinting technology in tissue engineering (TE). The use of animal-derived proteinous materials, such as jellyfish collagen, or fish scale (FS) gelatin (GEL), has become an important pillar in biomaterial ink design to increase the bioactivity of hydrogels. However, besides the extraction of proteinous structures, the use of structurally intact FS as an additive could increase biocompatibility and bioactivity of hydrogels due to its organic (collagen) and inorganic (hydroxyapatite) contents, while simultaneously enhancing mechanical strength in three-dimensional (3D) printing applications. To test this hypothesis, we present here a composite biomaterial ink composed of FS and alginate dialdehyde (ADA)-GEL for 3D bioprinting applications. We fabricate 3D cell-laden hydrogels using mouse pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells. We evaluate the physicochemical and mechanical properties of FS incorporated ADA-GEL biomaterial inks as well as the bioactivity and cytocompatibility of cell-laden hydrogels. Due to the distinctive collagen orientation of the FS, the compressive strength of the hydrogels significantly increased with increasing FS particle content. Addition of FS also provided a tool to tune hydrogel stiffness. FS particles were homogeneously incorporated into the hydrogels. Particle-matrix integration was confirmed via scanning electron microscopy. FS incorporation in the ADA-GEL matrix increased the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells in comparison to pristine ADA-GEL, as FS incorporation led to increased ALP activity and osteocalcin secretion of MC3T3-E1 cells. Due to the significantly increased stiffness and supported osteoinductivity of the hydrogels, FS structure as a natural collagen and hydroxyapatite source contributed to the biomaterial ink properties for bone engineering applications. Our findings indicate that ADA-GEL/FS represents a new biomaterial ink formulation with great potential for 3D bioprinting, and FS is confirmed as a promising additive for bone TE applications.
Rice residue burning in Northern India: an assessment of environmental concerns and potential solutions – a review
Authors: Parihar Dilwar Singh , Narang Mahesh K , Dogra Baldev , Prakash Apoorv , Mahadik Akshay 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Environmental alarms like climate change and rising air pollution levels in north India, particularly in the Delhi National Capital Region (NCR), draw attention to the severe issue of Rice straw burning. Straw burning is the common practice in Punjab and Haryana’s Indo-Gangetic plains. Large-scale burning of residues (straw and stubble) is a severe problem that emits Green House Gases (GHGs) while polluting the air, posing health problems, and eliminating micronutrients from burned-out field. Residue management has been a problem for the paddy farmers and as time changes, it is necessary to update their practices. For the disposal of rice residue, farmers are constrained by an insufficient technology base and a lack of viable economic solutions. Technical solutions are available, classified mainly as on-site (in situ) and off-site (ex situ) solutions, the in situ solution includes a variety of machines that can be used to incorporate or mulch residue efficiently. While ex situ management allow collecting the residue from field for various applications such as energy production, briquetting, composting, paper and cardboard making, and for mushroom cultivation. Farmers in North India are not aware of the prolific alternatives for managing stubble and, therefore, consider burning as the best option. Therefore, extensive awareness programs are needed to inform farmers about economic options and the effects of stubble burning. Zero till drill, happy seeder and super Straw Management System (SMS) are recommended for the farmers, and need to be supplied in sufficient quantity to evade residue burning in these regions. Meanwhile, alternative technology for straw management constitutes an active area of research, area-specific and crop-specific applications need to be evolved. All stakeholders i.e., farmers, researchers, extension agents and policy makers need to be engaged in understanding and harnessing the full potential of using crop residues with conservation agriculture for sustainability and resilience of Indian agriculture.
Inter-quintuple layer coupling and topological phase transitions in the chalcogenide topological insulators
Authors: Shirali K , W A Shelton , Vekhter I 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Driving quantum phase transitions in the 3D topological insulators offers pathways to tuning the topological states and their properties. We use DFT-based calculations to systematically investigate topological phase transitions in Bi2Se3, Sb2Se3, Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 by varying the

c

/

a

ratio of lattice constants. This ensures no net hydrostatic pressure under anisotropic stress and strain and allows a clear identification of the physics leading to the transition. As a function of

c

/

a

, all of these materials exhibit structural and electronic stability of the quintuple layers (QLs), and quasi-linear behavior of both the inter-QL distance and the energy gap near the topological transition. Our results show that the transition is predominantly controlled by the inter-QL physics, namely by competing Coulomb and van der Waals interactions between the outer atomic sheets in neighboring QLs. We discuss the implications of our results for topological tuning by alloying.
Analysis of tensile strength on friction stir welded Al 6061 composite reinforced with B4C and Cr2O3 using RSM and ANN
Authors: Uday K N , Rajamurugan G 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Aluminum (Al) alloys are reinforced with carbides and oxides to enhance their properties. Al composites are developed to meet current automotive, shipbuilding, and aviation requirements. In the current study, aluminum 6061 is reinforced with B4C and Cr2O3 separately to fabricate Al6061 + B4C and Al 6061 + Cr2O3 aluminum metal matrix composites (Al MMC). The Al composites were fabricated by stir casting with a wt % in steps of 2%, 4%, and 6%. Joining of Al MMC is essential to develop valuable components. The developed composites were welded using friction stir welding (FSW). FSW is recognized and widely used for joining Al MMC due to premium weld quality with minimum defects. The present study aims to analyze the effect of process parameters and predictive accuracy of the artificial neural network (ANN) and response surface methodology (RSM). The parameters selected for the study are tool rotational speed, tool travel speed, and reinforcement wt %. The FSW was performed based on the experimental design developed by the design expert software. Through RSM analysis, it was found that both the independent factors (tool rotational and tool transverse speed) and the interaction of factors jointly contribute to the FSW joint properties. The higher ultimate strength of 139 MPa and lower tensile strength of 48 MPa are found. As the tool travel speed increase from 20 to 25 mm min−1, ultimate tensile strength increase by about 59%. The average accuracy of RSM was 98.26 and of ANN was 94.86.
Hydropower representation in water and energy system models: a review of divergences and call for reconciliation
Authors: Rheinheimer David E , Tarroja Brian , Rallings Anna M , Willis Ann D , Viers Joshua H 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Reservoir-based hydropower systems represent key interactions between water and energy systems and are being transformed under policy initiatives driven by increasing water and energy demand, the desire to reduce environmental impacts, and interacting effects of climate change. Such policies are often guided by complex system models, whereby divergence in system representations can potentially translate to incompatible planning outcomes, thereby undermining any planning that may rely on them. We review different approaches and assumptions in hydropower representation in water and energy systems. While the models and issues are relevant globally, the review focuses on applications in California given its extensive development of energy and water models for policy planning, but discusses the extent to which these observations apply to other regions. Structurally, both water-driven and energy-driven management models are similar. However, in energy models, hydropower is often represented as a single-priority output. Water management models typically allocate water for competing priorities, which are generally uninformed by dynamic electricity load demand, and often result in a lower priority for hydropower. In water models, constraints are increasingly resolved for non-energy components (e.g. inflow hydrology and non-energy water demand); few analogues exist for energy models. These limitations may result in inadequate representations of each respective sector, and vastly different planning outcomes for the same facilities between the two different sectors. These divergent modeling approaches manifest themselves in California where poorly reconciled outcomes may affect decisions in hydropower licensing, electricity grid flexibility and decarbonization, and planning for environmental water. Fully integrated water-energy models are computationally intensive and specific to certain regions, but better representation of each domain in respective efforts would help reconcile divergences in planning and management efforts related to hydropower across energy and water systems.
The exploitation of Nigeria’s Chibok girls and the creation of a social problem industry
Authors: Oriola Temitope B 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Scholarship on the #BringBackOurGirls (#BBOG) movement mainly focuses on its success in generating global attention to the 2014 kidnapping of Nigeria’s Chibok girls. This paper focuses on an unintended consequence of the movement—the establishment of a social problem industry around the Chibok girls and their community. The paper draws on a dataset with over 160 interviewees and focus group discussion (FGD) participants, including 42 #BBOG activists. The findings demonstrate the interplay of contextually situated actors with particular values and interests engaged in claims-making regarding the Chibok girls. The #BBOG turned the Chibok kidnapping into a social problem in a sociological sense. In the process, the BBOG engaged in an ideational battlefield with three other entities. The paper contributes to the sociology of social problems by articulating weaknesses in social problem theory. This helps to suggest how to make social problems theory more applicable to developing world contexts. The paper’s approach avoids the unilinearism and determinism of existing theory. It argues that not all social problems are resolved in ways that are favourable to those affected. The exploitation of the Chibok girls and their community provides an example of the persistence of social problems: social problems are useful in appropriate hands.
Grip strength values and cut-off points based on over 200,000 adults of the German National Cohort - a comparison to the EWGSOP2 cut-off points
Authors: Huemer Marie-Theres , Kluttig Alexander , Fischer Beate , Ahrens Wolfgang , Castell Stefanie , Ebert Nina , Gastell Sylvia , Jöckel Karl-Heinz , Kaaks Rudolf , Karch André , Keil Thomas , Kemmling Yvonne , Krist Lilian , Leitzmann Michael , Lieb Wolfgang , Meinke-Franze Claudia , Michels Karin B , Mikolajczyk Rafael , Moreno Velásquez Ilais , Pischon Tobias , Schipf Sabine , Schmidt Börge , Schöttker Ben , Schulze Matthias B , Stocker Hannah , Teismann Henning , Wirkner Kerstin , Drey Michael , Peters Annette , Thorand Barbara 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) updated in 2018 the cut-off points for low grip strength to assess sarcopenia based on pooled data from 12 British studies.

Objective
Comparison of the EWGSOP2 cut-off points for low grip strength to those derived from a large German sample.

Methods
We assessed the grip strength distribution across age and derived low grip strength cut-off points for men and women (peak mean -2.5 × SD) based on 200,389 German National Cohort (NAKO) participants aged 19–75 years. In 1,012 Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA)-Age participants aged 65–93 years, we calculated the age-standardised prevalence of low grip strength and time-dependent sensitivity and specificity for all-cause mortality.

Results
Grip strength increased in the third and fourth decade of life and declined afterwards. Calculated cut-off points for low grip strength were 29 kg for men and 18 kg for women. In KORA-Age, the age-standardised prevalence of low grip strength was 1.5× higher for NAKO-derived (17.7%) compared to EWGSOP2 (11.7%) cut-off points. NAKO-derived cut-off points yielded a higher sensitivity and lower specificity for all-cause mortality.

Conclusions
Cut-off points for low grip strength from German population-based data were 2 kg higher than the EWGSOP2 cut-off points. Higher cut-off points increase the sensitivity, thereby suggesting an intervention for more patients at risk, while other individuals might receive additional diagnostics/treatment without the urgent need. Research on the effectiveness of intervention in patients with low grip strength defined by different cut-off points is needed.
Demographic trade-offs and functional shifts in a hurricane-impacted tropical forest
Authors: Umaña María Natalia , Needham Jessica , Forero-Montaña Jimena , Nytch Christopher J , Swenson Nathan G , Thompson Jill , Uriarte María , Zimmerman Jess K 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Understanding shifts in the demographic and functional composition of forests after major natural disturbances has become increasingly relevant given the accelerating rates of climate change and elevated frequency of natural disturbances. Although plant demographic strategies are often described across a slow–fast continuum, severe and frequent disturbance events influencing demographic processes may alter the demographic trade-offs and the functional composition of forests. We examined demographic trade-offs and the shifts in functional traits in a hurricane-disturbed forest using long-term data from the Luquillo Forest Dynamics Plot (LFPD) in Puerto Rico.

Methods
We analysed information on growth, survival, seed rain and seedling recruitment for 30 woody species in the LFDP. In addition, we compiled data on leaf, seed and wood functional traits that capture the main ecological strategies for plants. We used this information to identify the main axes of demographic variation for this forest community and evaluate shifts in community-weighted means for traits from 2000 to 2016.

Key Results
The previously identified growth–survival trade-off was not observed. Instead, we identified a fecundity–growth trade-off and an axis representing seedling-to-adult survival. Both axes formed dimensions independent of resprouting ability. Also, changes in tree species composition during the post-hurricane period reflected a directional shift from seedling and tree communities dominated by acquisitive towards conservative leaf economics traits and large seed mass. Wood specific gravity, however, did not show significant directional changes over time.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrates that tree demographic strategies coping with frequent storms and hurricane disturbances deviate from strategies typically observed in undisturbed forests, yet the shifts in functional composition still conform to the expected changes from acquisitive to conservative resource-uptake strategies expected over succession. In the face of increased rates of natural and anthropogenic disturbance in tropical regions, our results anticipate shifts in species demographic trade-offs and different functional dimensions.
Mind the settlement gap: a call for more effective judicialization of international commercial arbitration
Authors: Allemann Richard G 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Despite pervasive judicialization along the lines of public-court litigation, arbitration has largely missed the ‘managerial turn’ in judging that since the 1970s has pushed judicial systems worldwide to shift focus from adjudication to settlement facilitation. Over the past two decades, a transnational consensus appears to have emerged that settlement facilitation is not only compatible with the arbitrator’s mandate but can actually sharpen arbitration’s promise of efficient dispute resolution. But recent statistics continue to confirm anecdotal evidence of a gap in settlement rates between commercial litigation and arbitration, suggesting that arbitrators still fall more into the mould of a passive umpire than a proactive settlement facilitator. This article sheds light on structural barriers to settlement facilitation in the procedural architecture of institutional arbitration rules, explores causes for the lingering underdevelopment of settlement culture in the community of arbitrators and investigates arbitration’s impact on the parties’ settlement negotiation dynamics when ‘bargaining in the shadow of the law’. Informed by insights from behavioural economics, the author develops a blueprint for building settlement facilitation more explicitly into institutional rules and makes the case for switching the default from requiring parties’ express consent to providing for settlement facilitation by arbitrators on an opt-out basis.
Differences in the content of purple pigments, catechinopyranocyanidins A and B, in various adzuki beans, Vigna angularis
Authors: Yoshida Kumi , Takayama Yoko , Asano Tomoyo , Kazuma Kohei 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Catechinopyranocyanidins A and B (cpcA, B) are purple pigments isolated from the seed coat of the small red bean called adzuki in Japanese (Vigna angularis). CpcA and B are known to be responsible for the purple color of an-paste. The quality evaluation of the paste is based on its purple color; therefore, it is important to analyze the contents of cpcA and B in various azuki beans, which differ in the cultivar, production area, and cultivation conditions. The extraction of cpcA and B from dried beans was conducted, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. The content of cpcA and B in various cultivars from Japan, Korea, China, and Nepal was quantified. The cpcA and B content was the highest in the regular adzuki cultivar from Hokkaido Prefecture (Japan), and that of the beans from Korea and China was low. The content of the pale-colored beans from Nepal was the lowest.