bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Calorie Count of Evaluation
Authors: Scriven Michael 
Published: April 2023

We all know one kind of answer to the question of the value of evaluations; they can help to improve the evaluands, and/or establish accountability for the expenditure that created or supports or buys the evaluands, and/or increase our knowledge about the evaluands’ merit, worth, or significance, etc. Those answers are about the useful functions of evaluation; they’re like saying that food can help build bone structure and/or muscle mass and/or brain mass; these are all functions that food performs. But there’s a more fundamental and more specific level at which we say that a particular food has a certain calorie count, a certain fat content, a certain sugar content, has some iron or peanut oil or salt in it, etc. That level of analysis—a kind of nitty-gritty or component level—is very valuable for the nutritionist and for many consumer concerns. What is the equivalent of this kind of answer for evaluations? Is this a level of analysis we have been overlooking?
Demands on Users for Interpretation of Achievement Test Scores: Implications for the Evaluation Profession
Authors: Della-Piana Gabriel Mario , Gardner Michael 
Published: April 2023

Background: Professional standards for validity of achievement tests have long reflected a consensus that validity is the degree to which evidence and theory support interpretations of test scores entailed by the intended uses of tests. Yet there are convincing lines of evidence that the standards are not adequately followed in practice, that standards alone are not sufficient guides to action, and that reviewers of tests do not call attention to important kinds of validity evidence that might support the demanding process of making sense of test scores or reasoning from test scores.
Purpose: The intent of this article is to make more transparent the demands of achievement test interpretation on users in instructional contexts and to open up a dialogue on implications for the evaluation profession for improvement of practice along lines already set out by evaluation theorists.
Setting: Not applicable.
Intervention: Not applicable.
Research Design: Not applicable.
Data Collection and Analysis: Review of current practice.
Findings: The article makes transparent the lack of attention to validation of achievement tests to support inferences relevant to intended uses in instruction and project evaluation. Elements of a model for the process of reasoning from test scores are articulated. The cognitive demands on the test score user are illustrated in achievement test contexts in writing, science, and mathematics. Implications are drawn for deliberation on issues and for the development of casebooks to guide practice.
Evaluating the Cost Effectiveness of Heifer International Country Programs
Authors: Clements Paul 
Published: April 2023

Background: In the 1950s and ‘60s cost effectiveness was the primary focus of evaluation of international development aid, but in recent decades this has been increasingly neglected. The most recent decade saw great interest in impact evaluation, but the step from impacts to cost effectiveness was often neglected. This article explains how a multi-year evaluation of a major international NGO that was designed to estimate country program impacts was expanded to include estimates of cost effectiveness. Purpose: The article explains the importance and illustrates the practicability of evaluation for cost effectiveness. It describes the evaluation’s methodology and presents its major finding, that Heifer International is highly cost effective in improving the income, assets and nutrition of poor households in Albania, Nepal and Uganda. Setting: The article focuses mainly on the 2011 evaluation of the Heifer International country program in Uganda. Intervention: The evaluations focused on usually three to five year projects of usually a few dozen to a few hundred households, but the evaluation itself did not conduct interventions (beyond its interviews). To add evaluation of cost effectiveness, the focus was changed from the project to the household level and evaluators estimated changes in income, assets and nutrition due to the project. Estimates of income impacts were then used as the primary basis for estimating the cost effectiveness of the respective country program (although assets and nutrition were also considered). Data Collection and Analysis: Data were collected through two and a half to three week country program evaluations by two or three evaluators and their translators. Group and household interviews were based on questionnaires, but they also required evaluators to pursue lines of inquiry to logical conclusions. Quantitative and qualitative factors were considered as a basis for impact estimates on scales from zero to five in the original evaluation and in terms of economic values for income and assets. Analysis was carried out largely with Excel spreadsheets. Findings: Due to Heifer International’s expenditure of about $7 million over six years, about 8,500 Ugandan families are likely to experience income gains exceeding $8.5 million a year on an ongoing basis and asset gains of about $17 million. About 5,500 of their children are likely to avoid stunting due to nutritional shortfalls. For each $1 expenditure by country programs in Albania, Nepal and Uganda, households can be expected to gain about $2.35, $1.19 and $1.25 in the respective country programs on an ongoing basis once the projects reach the maturity profile of those included in the evaluation.
The Role of Random Allocation in Randomized Controlled Trials: Distinguishing Selection Bias from Baseline Imbalance
Authors: Fives Allyn 
Published: April 2023

Background: This paper addresses one threat to the internal validity of a randomized controlled trial (RCT), selection bias. Many authors argue that random allocation is used to ensure baseline equality between study conditions in a given study and that statistically significant differences at pretest mean that randomisation has failed. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to clarify the role of random allocation in an RCT study. Is the role of random allocation to protect against selection bias? And does it have a further role, namely to ensure baseline equality and the absence of statistically significant differences between study conditions at pretest? Setting: The participants for this study were 229 children in 1st and 2nd grade and data were collected as part of an RCT evaluation of a volunteer reading programme piloted in Ireland, Wizards of Words (WoW). Intervention: Not applicable. Research design: The allocation procedure adopted in this study was stratified and blocked random allocation. Data collection and analysis: Data were collected using standardised and criterion-referenced tests of reading ability. Data were collected by qualified Speech and Language Therapists. Independent-samples t-tests were used to analyse pretest data. Findings: The role of random allocation is to protect against selection bias, and statistically significant baseline differences can result even when random allocation has been successful. Whether or not random allocation has been successful is determined by the generation of the random allocation sequence and the steps taken to ensure its concealment. The size of differences between study conditions at pretest can be important for the analysis of posttest data but does not by itself determine whether random allocation was successful. In addition, there are serious concerns about the appropriateness of tests of significance when comparing two study conditions at pretest. Keywords: baseline equality; baseline imbalance; random allocation; selection bias; test of statistical significance
Universal genetic testing for women with newly diagnosed breast cancer in the context of multidisciplinary team care
Authors: De Silva Dilanka L , Stafford Lesley , Skandarajah Anita R , Sinclair Michelle , Devereux Lisa , Hogg Kirsten , Kentwell Maira , Park Allan , Lal Luxi , Zethoven Magnus , Jayawardana Madawa W , Chan Fiona , Butow Phyllis N , James Paul A , Mann G Bruce , Campbell Ian G , Lindeman Geoffrey J 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the feasibility of universal genetic testing of women with newly diagnosed breast cancer, to estimate the incidence of pathogenic gene variants and their impact on patient management, and to evaluate patient and clinician acceptance of universal testing.Design, setting, participantsProspective study of women with invasive or high grade in situ breast cancer and unknown germline status discussed at the Parkville Breast Service (Melbourne) multidisciplinary team meeting. Women were recruited to the pilot (12 June 2020 – 22 March 2021) and expansion phases (17 October 2021 – 8 November 2022) of the Mutational Assessment of newly diagnosed breast cancer using Germline and tumour genomICs (MAGIC) study.Main outcome measuresGermline testing by DNA sequencing, filtered for nineteen hereditary breast and ovarian cancer genes that could be classified as actionable; only pathogenic variants were reported. Surveys before and after genetic testing assessed pilot phase participants’ perceptions of genetic testing, and psychological distress and cancer‐specific worry. A separate survey assessed clinicians’ views on universal testing.ResultsPathogenic germline variants were identified in 31 of 474 expanded study phase participants (6.5%), including 28 of 429 women with invasive breast cancer (6.5%). Eighteen of the 31 did not meet current genetic testing eligibility guidelines (probability of a germline pathogenic variant ≥ 10%, based on CanRisk, or Manchester score ≥ 15). Clinical management was changed for 24 of 31 women after identification of a pathogenic variant. Including 68 further women who underwent genetic testing outside the study, 44 of 542 women carried pathogenic variants (8.1%). Acceptance of universal testing was high among both patients (90 of 103, 87%) and clinicians; no decision regret or adverse impact on psychological distress or cancer‐specific worry were reported.ConclusionUniversal genetic testing following the diagnosis of breast cancer detects clinically significant germline pathogenic variants that might otherwise be missed because of testing guidelines. Routine testing and reporting of pathogenic variants is feasible and acceptable for both patients and clinicians.
Analysis and Prediction of the SARIMA Model for a Time Interval of Earthquakes in the Longmenshan Fault Zone
Authors: Yuan Xue , Dan Hu , Qiuyin Ye , Wenjun Zeng , Jing Yang , Min Rao 
Published: April 2023

Based on the catalog data of earthquakes with Ms ≥ 2.5 in the Longmenshan fault zone from January 2012 to September 2021, we establish an earthquake time interval series grouped by earthquake magnitude and then use the SARIMA model to predict the series in different periods. By analyzing the fitting effect of the models, the optimal model parameters of different magnitude sequences and the corresponding period values are obtained. Among them, the adjusted R2 values of each model with Ms ≥ 2.5 and Ms ≥ 3.0 sequences are more than 0.86, up to 0.911; the short-time prediction effects are good, and the values of predicted RMSE are 10.686 and 8.800. The prediction results of the models show that the overall trend of the subsequent earthquake time interval in the Longmenshan fault zone is stable, and the prediction results of the Ms ≥ 3.0 sequence have a weak fluctuating growth trend; that is, the number of earthquakes with the Ms ≥ 3.0 in this area will decrease slightly, and the seismicity will decrease in a period of time. The analysis results and method can provide a scientific basis for earthquake risk management and a feasible way to predict earthquake occurrence times.
MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ NGUY CƠ SUY TĨNH MẠCH MẠN TÍNH CHI DƯỚI Ở CÔNG NHÂN MAY MẶC TỈNH THÁI BÌNH
Authors: Vũ Thị Diện 
Published: April 2023

Nghiên cứu được tiến hành trên 400 công nhân may thuộc 4 công ty may mặc tại Thái Bình thông qua một cuộc điều tra cắt ngang nhằm khảo sát một số yếu tố nguy cơ suy tĩnh mạch mạn tính chi dưới (STMMTCD) ở công nhân tại một số công ty may mặc Thái Bình.
Kết quả nghiên cứu: Giới tính nữ, trình độ học vấn từ THPT trở lên, tuổi nghề càng cao, tư thế đứng khi làm việc, không tập thể dục giữa giờ, triệu chứng lâm sàng càng nhiều là những yếu tố nguy cơ đơn biến làm tăng khả năng mắc suy tĩnh mạch mạn tính chi dưới ở công nhân may. Số lần đứng lên đi lại càng nhiều là yếu tố làm giảm khả năng mắc STMMTCD ở công nhân may. Kết quả phân tích đa biến cho thấy có mối liên quan giữa tình trạng STMMTCD của công nhân có tư thế làm việc đứng hay ngồi. Bên cạnh đó cũng có mối liên quan giữa công nhân có số lượng triệu chứng lâm sàng là 1, 2, 3 và trên 3 với tình trạng STMMTCD ở nhóm không có triệu chứng lâm sàng. Số lượng TCLS có mối tương quan thuận với mức độ nặng trên lâm sàng tương ứng với phân độ CEAP.
Comparison of area under the curves for vancomycin from one- and two-compartment models using sparse data
Authors:   , Maung Nyein 
Published: April 2023

Vancomycin pharmacokinetics has been described by 1- and 2-compartment models. One-compartment models built from routine monitoring data, which were mainly trough samples, are commonly used to predict area under the curves (AUC), the useful indicator for vancomycin efficacy. The question stands whether AUCs from 1-compartment models with sparse data can sufficiently represent the true AUC. This study aimed to compare AUCs from 1- and 2-compartment models using sparse data. A previously published model was used to simulate full individual profiles for 100 patients. From these data, the reference AUC (AUCref) was calculated and two depleted datasets (trough-only and peak-trough) were also created. Both 1- and 2-compartment models were built from the depleted datasets using NONMEM®. AUC was calculated from concentration-time profiles of each model by linear trapezoidal method. Deviation of each AUC from the AUCref was examined from statistical and clinical perspectives. A two-compartment model from peak-trough data provided similar AUCs with the AUCref, but not that from trough-only data. The mean difference of AUCref and AUCs from the 2-compartment model with trough only data was up to 25.16% (p < 0.05) which were considered clinically significant. One-compartment models from both datasets could adequately estimate the AUCs with no significant differences (p > 0.05) from the AUCref. The mean differences were up to 4.38% and 6.23% for peak-trough and trough only data, respectively. Therefore, 1-compartment models from sparse data may be trustable to predict vancomycin AUC in clinical practice.
รูปแบบการเรียนรู้แบบเชื่อมโยงเพื่อเสริมสร้างความเป็นพลเมืองวิวัฒน์ในการพัฒนาท้องถิ่นสําหรับนักศึกษามหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏ
Authors:   , รังษีสุทธาภรณ์ เกวลี 
Published: April 2023

การจัดการศึกษาระดับอุดมศึกษาท่ามกลางโลกดิจิทัล โดยเฉพาะนักศึกษาของมหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏที่มีพื้นที่ครอบคลุมทั่วทั้งประเทศ ในการปลูกฝังและเสริมสร้างให้เป็นพลเมืองที่มีความรับผิดชอบต่อสังคม รู้เท่าทันโลกของดิจิทัลหรือ พลเมืองวิวัฒน์ การวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาสภาพปัจจุบัน และปัญหาการพัฒนาพลเมืองวิวัฒน์ของนักศึกษาในสถาบันอุดมศึกษา ประเมินคุณลักษณะความเป็นพลเมืองวิวัฒน์ของนักศึกษามหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏ และพัฒนารูปแบบการเรียนรู้แบบเชื่อมโยงเพื่อเสริมสร้างความเป็นพลเมืองวิวัฒน์ในการพัฒนาท้องถิ่นสำหรับนักศึกษามหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏ กลุ่มตัวอย่างที่ใช้ในการวิจัยมี 6 กลุ่มคือ 1) ผู้ทรงคุณวุฒิจำนวน 10 คน 2)อาจารย์สำหรับการสัมภาษณ์เกี่ยวกับกระบวนการจัดการเรียนรู้เพื่อพัฒนาพลเมืองวิวัฒน์จำนวน 9 คน 3) อาจารย์มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏ จำนวน 380 คน 4) นักศึกษามหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏจำนวน 760 คน 5) นักศึกษากลุ่มทดลอง 40 คน และ 6) ผู้เชี่ยวชาญจำนวน 12 คน เครื่องมือที่ใช้ในการวิจัยประกอบด้วย แบบสัมภาษณ์ แบบสอบถาม แบบประเมิน และแบบบันทึก การวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลใช้การวิเคราะห์เนื้อหา และสถิติเชิงบรรยาย ผลการวิจัยพบว่า

1. คุณลักษณะพลเมืองวิวัฒน์เพื่อการพัฒนาท้องถิ่น ประกอบด้วย 3 มิติคือ มิติความรู้ ประกอบด้วยมิติย่อย การรู้สารสนเทศ การรู้เทคโนโลยีสารสนเทศและการสื่อสาร และการรู้สังคม มิติทักษะ ประกอบด้วยมิติย่อย การเข้าถึงสารสนเทศด้วยเทคโนโลยีดิจิทัล การประเมินสารสนเทศ และการสร้างสรรค์บูรณาการ และมิติทัศนคติ ประกอบด้วยมิติย่อย จิตสำนึกด้านสังคม การเคารพสังคม และความรับผิดชอบต่อสังคม

2. กระบวนการเรียนการสอนที่ส่งเสริมความรับผิดชอบต่อสังคม และการมีส่วนร่วมในชุมชนให้กับนักศึกษาคือ การเรียนรู้ผ่านกิจกรรม และนักศึกษามหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏควรมีคุณลักษณะการรู้สังคม มากที่สุด

3. คุณลักษณะความเป็นพลเมืองวิวัฒน์ของนักศึกษามหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏอยู่ในระดับมาก ทุกมิติ

4. รูปแบบการเรียนรู้แบบเชื่อมโยงเพื่อเสริมสร้างความเป็นพลเมืองวิวัฒน์ในการพัฒนาท้องถิ่นสำหรับนักศึกษามหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏประกอบด้วย สาระการเรียนรู้เรื่องการรู้ดิจิทัล 6 เรื่อง ผ่านกระบวนการเรียนรู้แบบเชื่อมโยง 7 กลยุทธ์ควบคู่ไปกับวิธีการเรียนรู้ 7 วิธี ใช้เวลาการเรียน 12 สัปดาห์ 36 ชั่วโมง วัดผลการเรียนรู้จากการสะท้อนคิด การบันทึกกิจกรรมการเรียนรู้ และการสังเกต

5. ประสิทธิผลของรูปแบบการเรียนรู้แบบเชื่อมโยงเพื่อเสริมสร้างความเป็นพลเมืองวิวัฒน์ในการพัฒนาท้องถิ่นสำหรับนักศึกษามหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏ พบว่าค่าเฉลี่ยคุณลักษณะความเป็นพลเมืองวิวัฒน์ของนักศึกษามหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏหลังทดลองเพิ่มขึ้นอยู่ในระดับมากที่สุดทุกมิติ (ค่าเฉลี่ย 4.65) และสูงกว่าก่อนทดลอง (ค่าเฉลี่ย 4.20) อย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติที่ระดับ .05 (p=.000)

จากการนำรูปแบบการเรียนรู้แบบเชื่อมโยงไปประยุกต์ใช้นั้นสามารถเพิ่มสมรรถนะด้านทักษะได้มากที่สุด สรุปได้ว่ารูปแบบการเรียนรู้แบบเชื่อมโยงเพื่อเสริมสร้างความเป็นพลเมืองวิวัฒน์ในการพัฒนาท้องถิ่นสำหรับนักศึกษามหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏ เป็นการเรียนรู้เชิงรุกโดยเรียนรู้จากประสบการณ์ สิ่งสำคัญคือเรียนรู้ร่วมกันระหว่างผู้เรียน ผู้สอน และชุมชน
Simple headspace device for determination of volatile compounds in food and drug samples
Authors:   , Meesuwan Kamonwan 
Published: April 2023

This work presented a simple alternative method for simultaneous extraction and determination of volatile compounds in complex matrix samples by combining headspace technique with paper based colorimetric method. The paper loaded with colorimetric reagent that was attached to the liner of the vial cap making a simple headspace device for direct detection of the semi-volatile and volatile compounds in headspace extraction mode. A sample was placed in a vial sealed with the paper-based headspace device. The method was tested for determination of volatile compound using ethanol as a model and semi-volatile compound using iodine as a model in complex matrix samples. Ethanol volatilized and reacted with chromic acid reagent, which was generated by mixing sodium or potassium dichromate with sulfuric acid, on the paper. The orange color of solution containing dichromate (VI) change to green solution containing chromium (III) ions. Iodine was volatilized by using oxidizing agent and react with starch reagent on the paper. The colorless of starch solution change to dark blue color of iodine-starch solution. The image of the paper was taken by the scanner for determination of iodine and by digital camera for determination of alcohol. The images were processing by ImageJ software in RGB mode and the blue intensity was taken for quantification. For determination of alcohol, the sample was heated at 40 o C for 5 min. The method was applied for determination of alcohol content in drug (i.e., stomachic mixtures and Salol et menthol mixture), and beverage sample (i.e., beer). The linear calibration ranged from 0-7 % (v/v) of ethanol with R2 > 0.97 was obtained. The recovery of 94-120% and the relative standard deviation of less than 3% were achieved. For determination of iodine, the treatment of spiked egg sample with 0.4 g/mL TCA was heated at 50 o C for 15 min. The linear calibration ranged from 0-100 ppm of iodine with R2 > 0.98 was obtained. The recovery of 93% and the relative standard deviation of less than 2% were achieved.
Cidadania, participação e diálogo: o protagonismo juvenil como fundamento da formação crítica e da autonomia na educação
Authors: Cavalcanti Ana Claudia Dantas 
Published: April 2023

O protagonismo juvenil entendido como base de uma formação crítica é parte de um contexto que inclui educação e cidadania. Nosso objetivo analisou a dimensão do protagonismo juvenil, tendo como base o diálogo em três percepções: da formação crítica do sujeito, da autonomia e da ação participativa. A educação na perspectiva da formação dialógica requer um modelo estado participativo com legislação e currículo que ofereça suporte ao desenvolvimento da aprendizagem nesta configuração. A concepção teórica da ação comunicativa baseia-se em Habermas (2012). A pesquisa apresentou método qualitativo, com processo técnico de análise de dados de revisão bibliográfica e busca em bases de dados on line, utilizando descritores, nos sites da Associação Nacional de Política e Administração da Educação - ANPAE, Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Educação - ANPED, Biblioteca Eletrônica Científica OnLine - Scielo e a Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações – BDTD, no período de 2015 a 2020. Conclui-se que o protagonismo juvenil é entendido na razão inversa da formação crítica e autônoma. O modelo do estado gerencial efetivado no Brasil, não concretiza políticas que venham a contribuir para o desenvolvimento da formação juvenil gerando um princípio pedagógico de uma educação libertadora na perspectiva da cidadania, do diálogo e da ação participativa.
Biomass‐Based, Interface Tunable, and Dual‐Responsive Pickering Emulsions for Smart Release of Pesticides
Authors: Yu Xiaona , Li Xue , Ma Shuaishuai , Wang Yihui , Zhu Wanbin , Wang Hongliang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe extremely low utilization efficiency of pesticides has driven people to develop low‐cost, sustainable, and smart delivery systems. Pickering emulsion (PE) derived from biomass is an attractive candidate. However, the stability of PE is insufficient, and pesticide release from PE can be hardly tuned. Herein, a facile in situ PE modification strategy to construct a stable and high‐performance pesticide delivery system from biomass resources is reported. In this process, PE stabilized by alkali lignin nanoparticles is initially prepared, and subsequently, opposite‐charged chitosan (CH), and sodium lignosulfonate (SL) are alternatively deposited onto the PE interface through layer‐by‐layer assembly to form a microcapsule system (CH+SL)n@PE. The resulting biomass‐based microcapsules show improved stability, high encapsulation efficiency, and super UV protection to avermectin (AVM), a hydrophobic and photo‐sensitive pesticide. Furthermore, the shell thickness of microcapsules can be finely tuned by controlling the deposited CH+SL layers, which enable (CH+SL)n@PE to have adjustable release behaviors. (CH+SL)20@PE prolongs the half‐life of AVM under UV irradiation by 5.0‐fold. Moreover, (CH+SL)n@PE exhibits pH and laccase dual responsiveness, which is beneficial to the targeted release of AVM in vivo. Therefore, the current PE modification strategy can provide an eco‐friendly, low‐cost, and smart system for precise delivery of pesticides.