bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Airway-associated adipose tissue accumulation is increased in a kisspeptin receptor knockout mouse model
Authors: Wang Carolyn J. , Smith Jeremy T. , Lu David , Noble Peter B. , Wang Kimberley C.W. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Airway-associated adipose tissue increases with body mass index and is a local source of pro-inflammatory adipokines that may contribute to airway pathology in asthma co-existing with obesity. Genetic susceptibility to airway adiposity was considered in the present study through kisspeptin/kisspeptin receptor signalling, known to modulate systemic adiposity and potentially drive airway remodelling. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the effects of kisspeptin/kisspeptin receptor signalling in the lung, focusing on airway-associated adipose tissue deposition and impact on airway structure–function. Wild-type, heterozygous and kisspeptin receptor knockout mice were studied at 6 or 8 weeks of age. Lung mechanics were assessed before and after methacholine challenge and were subsequently fixed for airway morphometry. A separate group of mice underwent glucose tolerance testing and bronchoalveolar lavage. At 6 weeks of age, kisspeptin/kisspeptin receptor signalling did not affect body adiposity, airway inflammation, wall structure or function. Despite no differences in body adiposity, there was a greater accumulation of airway-associated adipose tissue in knockout mice. By 8 weeks of age, female knockout mice displayed a non-diabetic phenotype with increased body adiposity but not males. Airway-associated adipose tissue area was also increased in both knockout females and males at 8 weeks of age, but again no other respiratory abnormality was apparent. In summary, airway-associated adipose tissue is decoupled from body adiposity in prepubescent mice which supports a genetic susceptibility to fatty deposits localised to the airway wall. There was no evidence that airway-associated adipose tissue drives pathology or respiratory impairment in the absence of other environmental exposures.
The Impact of Traumatic Brain Injury on Binaural Processing in Young and Middle-Age Adults
Authors: Roup Christina M. , Lander Devan , Powell Julie , Hoffman Jennifer 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:
This study examined the impact of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on self-perceived hearing and suprathreshold binaural processing in young and middle-age adults.

Method:

Ninety-three adults with normal hearing (thresholds ≤ 25 dB HL, 250–4000 Hz) participated in one of four groups: 38 young adults, 23 young adults with TBI, 16 middle-age adults, and 16 middle-age adults with TBI. Self-perceived hearing difficulty was measured via questionnaires. Binaural processing was measured using dichotic word recognition, the Listening in Spatialized Noise–Sentences Test (LiSN-S), and the 500-Hz masking level difference (MLD). For each participant, a composite binaural processing (CBP) score was calculated to obtain a global metric of binaural processing performance. The CBP was composed of six measures from the three behavioral tests, including the S
0
N
0
and S
π
N
0
thresholds from the 500-Hz MLD, the low- and high-cue speech recognition thresholds from the LiSN-S, and the free and directed recall ear advantages from the dichotic word test.

Results:

The middle-age TBI group reported significantly greater degrees of self-perceived hearing difficulty than the other groups. On average, the middle-age TBI group performed poorer on the individual binaural processing tests; however, the differences were significant for the S
0
N
0
and S
π
N
0
MLD thresholds only. Results for the global metric of binaural processing revealed significantly poorer CBP scores for the middle-age TBI group compared to the other groups.

Conclusions:
Results demonstrate that both age and a positive history of TBI contributed to deficits in suprathreshold binaural processing. Middle-age adults with a history of TBI are at risk for experiencing presenescent deficits in suprathreshold binaural processing deficits, despite having clinically normal hearing.
Combining Languages in Bilingual Input: Using Experimental Evidence to Formulate Bilingual Exposure Strategies
Authors: Kaushanskaya Margarita 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:
Traditional approaches to studying bilingual language development through bilingual–monolingual comparisons are deeply flawed. They are also insufficient as the evidence base for informing advice to bilingual parents regarding the optimal bilingual exposure strategy and for supporting the formulation of bilingual intervention approaches. The purpose of this review article is to provide an overview of empirical studies that have queried the question of how different types of dual-language input shape learning and language outcomes in bilingual children.

Method:
We rely on tightly controlled experimental studies of word learning in Spanish–English bilingual children, where we contrast children's learning in dual-language conditions (defined as distributed exposure and code-switched input) to a single-language condition in a within-subjects design.

Results:
Word-learning studies querying the role of distributed exposure indicated that distribution of exposures across Spanish and English reduced children's performance in comparison to English-only exposure. However, this effect was rooted in the abrupt switch from Spanish to English rather than distributed exposure itself. In contrast, an experiment designed to test the role of code-switched context on children's word learning revealed that code-switched context where switches resembled naturalistic code-switching behaviors enhanced learning in Spanish–English bilingual children. Notably, across different studies, children with weaker language skills (developmental language disorder) were no more affected by dual-language input than children with typical language skills.

Conclusions:
Together, experimental studies of word learning indicate that bilingual children can effectively learn from dual-language input but that different ways of combining languages in the input to bilingual children can have distinct consequences for learning. Ultimately, word-learning experiments, beyond answering critical questions regarding bilingual learning, can serve as an effective bridge between laboratory-based work and intervention studies whose goal it is to discover the optimal way of combining languages in the input to bilingual children with communication impairments.

Presentation Video:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23929515
Chinese personalised text‐to‐speech synthesis for robot human–machine interaction
Authors: Pang Bao , Teng Jun , Xu Qingyang , Song Yong , Yuan Xianfeng , Li Yibin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSpeech interaction is an important means of robot interaction. With the rapid development of deep learning, end‐to‐end speech synthesis methods based on this technique have gradually become mainstream. Chinese deep learning‐based speech synthesis techniques suffer from problems such as unstable synthesised speech, poor naturalness and poor personalised speech synthesis, which do not satisfy some practical application scenarios. Hence, an F‐MelGAN model is adopted to improve the performance of Chinese speech synthesis. A post‐processing network is used to refine the Mel‐spectrum predicted by the decoder and alleviate the Mel‐spectrum distortion phenomenon. A phoneme‐level and sentence‐level combined module is proposed to model the personalised style of speakers. A combination of an acoustic conditioning network, speaker encoder network GCNet and feedback‐constrained training is proposed to solve the problem of poor personalised speech synthesis and achieve personalised speech customisation in Chinese. Experimental results show that the whole model can generate high‐quality speech with high speaker similarity for both speakers that appear in the training process and speakers that never appear in the training process.
Design and analysis of PM‐assisted synchronous reluctance machine with shifted magnetic poles
Authors: Mousavi Bafrouei Seyyed Morteza , Aliabad Aliakbar Damaki , Amiri Ebrahim 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe authors present a new design of a PM‐assisted synchronous reluctance motor (PM‐SynRM) with uneven air‐gap length to improve the power factor and enhance the torque production capability. The rotor structure is modified to properly shift rotor magnetic poles and therefore (i) increases the back‐EMF and the electromagnetic torque, (ii) allows electromagnetic torque and reluctance torque components peak near the same current phase angle. The proposed solution is simple, does not require changing the arrangement of magnets and/or flux barriers and is applicable to all types of PM‐SynRMs. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to determine the extent of which the proposed magnetic pole shifting may impact the resultant torque profile. To assess the level of success, the electromagnetic characteristics of the proposed design (e.g. torque, power factor, and back‐EMF) are compared against the baseline structure under the same operating conditions. For verification purposes, Finite Element simulation results are validated via a series of analytical calculations and experimental measurements, and supported with detailed theoretical discussion.
Energy management strategies of hybrid electric vehicles: A comparative review
Authors: Azim Mohseni Naser , Bayati Navid , Ebel Thomas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWith increasing environmental problems, including air pollution, rising greenhouse gases and global warming, the need to use clean energy resources seems essential. Therefore, the usage of clean and renewable energy sources is suggested as a suitable solution to overcome the mentioned concerns. The transportation section contributes to a huge percentage of energy consumption. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), by combining several energy resources, are considered as a crucial solution to decrease fossil fuel consumption and improve the environmental challenges. The existence of an alternative energy resource and the internal combustion engine together provides optimal power distribution among them to maximise power usage and minimise fuel consumption. Energy management strategy (EMS) is an essential challenge in HEV's design procedure to deal with the power distribution in multiple power source systems to improve the performance of the HEVs. A review of various EMSs for HEVs, followed by an analysis of each type, including its benefits and drawbacks, is presented by the authors. In addition to this, the major challenges in EMSs for HEVs are described and a comprehensive review is presented for strategies addressing these issues.
Uncertainties of the 30–408 MHz Galactic emission as a calibration source for radio detectors in astroparticle physics
Authors: Büsken M. , Fodran T. , Huege T. 
Published: September 2023

Context.Arrays of radio antennas have proven to be successful in astroparticle physics with the observation of extensive air showers initiated by high-energy cosmic rays in the Earth’s atmosphere. Accurate determination of the energy scale of the primary particles’ energies requires an absolute calibration of the radio antennas for which, in recent years, the utilization of the Galactic emission as a reference source has emerged as a potential standard.Aims.To apply the “Galactic calibration” a proper estimation of the systematic uncertainties on the prediction of the Galactic emission from sky models is necessary, which we aim to quantify on a global level and for the specific cases of selected radio arrays. We further aim to determine the influence of additional natural radio sources on the Galactic calibration.Methods.We compared seven different sky models that predict the full-sky Galactic emission in the frequency range from 30 to 408 MHz. We made an inventory of the reference maps on which they rely and used the output of the models to determine their global level of agreement. We subsequently took typical sky exposures and the frequency bands of selected radio arrays into account and repeated the comparison for each of them. Finally, we studied and discuss the relative influence of the quiet Sun, the ionosphere, and Jupiter.Results.We find a systematic uncertainty of 14.3% on the predicted power from the Galactic emission, which scales to approximately half of that value as the uncertainty on the determination of the energy of cosmic particles. When looking at the selected radio arrays, the uncertainty on the predicted power varies between 11.7% and 21.5%. The influence of the quiet Sun turns out to be insignificant at the lowest frequencies but increases to a relative contribution of ~30% around 400 MHz.
A Comparison of Two Methods of Post-Bypass Hemoconcentration
Authors: Brickley Jeanne M. , Kalshoven J. Dixie , Wilds Suzanne L. , Dearing James P. 
Published: September 2023

Post-pump hemoconcentration is currently accomplished by centrifugation and saline washing, the product being packed red cells suspended in saline. This study was designed to compare centrifugation with ultrafiltration by an artificial kidney, the product of this method being whole blood.
Sixteen adult patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass were assigned to one of two groups. Hemoconcentration was achieved in Group I with the Cell Saver and with an artificial kidney in Group II. Coagulation data, plasma proteins, colloid osmotic pressure, hematocrit, platelet count, plasma free hemoglobin, and fibrinogen levels were collected and compared at various times during each case.
The mean total protein concentration of the ultrafiltered blood (8.01 ± 1.31 g/dl) was significantly greater than that of the Cell Saver blood (0.29 ± 0.29 g/dl, p < .01). Also, the mean total protein concentration in the discard was significantly greater in the Cell Saver group (1.69 ± 0.56 g/dl) than the artificial kidney group (0.09 ± 0.14, p < .01). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the other parameters compared.
While the artificial kidney was quite effective in conserving the plasma proteins during hemoconcentration, no additional advantages were demonstrated during this study.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)amine as an Effective Organocatalyst for the Racemic Reactions of α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes Involving an Iminium Ion
Authors: Hayashi Yujiro , Han Xiaolei , Mori Naoki 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBis(2-ethylhexyl)amine is shown to be a suitable organocatalyst to prepare racemic compounds in the reactions of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes involving an iminium ion, whereas diphenylprolinol silyl ether is a well-known chiral organocatalyst for the asymmetric versions of the same reactions. The generality and limitations of bis(2-ethylhexyl)amine are disclosed.
Catalytic C–H Functionalization of Trimethylamine
Authors: Doye Sven , Geik Dennis , Büker Alina , Fornfeist Felix , Schmidtmann Marc 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCarbon–carbon bond-forming hydroaminoalkylation reactions between trimethylamine and alkynes, alkenes, allenes, or a methylenecyclopropane (MCP) are achieved in the presence of titanium catalysts. The reactions take place by C–H bond activation at the methyl group of trimethylamine and therefore offer flexible and direct methods for the C–H functionalization of trimethylamine. The importance of the developed procedures for the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant dimethylaminomethyl-substituted products is underlined by a straightforward synthesis of the antidepressant butriptyline.
Ruthenium(II)-Catalyzed Selective C–H Bond Activation of Biindoles and Coupling with Sulfoxonium: An Efficient Access to Pyrido[1,2-a:4,3-b′]diindole frameworks
Authors: Kumar K. Shiva , Jatoth Ramanna , Gugulothu Kishan , Valappil Rasika Meloth , Nelson Nithya 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA ruthenium-catalyzed selective C–H functionalization/annulation cascade reaction of biindoles and sulfoxonium ylides has been developed. The reaction selectively provides pyrido[1,2-a:4,3-b′]diindole (5H-benzo[2,3]indolizino[7,8-b]indole) derivatives in good yields. A possible mechanism for the reaction pathway is proposed. More importantly, the present study provides a useful method for the construction of pyrido[1,2-a:4,3-b′]diindole frameworks.
Organophotocatalytic Radical–Polar Cross-Coupling of Styrylboronic Acids and Redox-Active Esters
Authors: Watson Allan J. B. , Brals Jeremy , D’Arcy-Evans Nicholas , McGuire Thomas M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe report the development of a radical–polar cross-coupling reaction using styrylboronic acids and redox-active esters under organophotoredox catalysis. The reaction proceeds through a formal polarity-mismatched radical addition. The use of an organic photocatalyst permitted very low loadings of the electron-shuttle additive and accelerated reaction times compared with established processes. The scope of the reaction was explored, and the utility of the products is demonstrated.
Current Treatment Strategies for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients at the Risk of Developing Cancer: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Achutha Vismaya , Desai Kesha M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition that affects the digestive tract and can lead to inflammation and damage to the intestinal lining. IBD patients with cancer encounter difficulties since cancer treatment weakens their immune systems. A multidisciplinary strategy that strikes a balance between the requirement to manage IBD symptoms and the potential effects of treatment on cancer is necessary for effective care of IBD in cancer patients. To reduce inflammation and avoid problems, IBD in cancer patients is often managed by closely monitoring IBD symptoms in conjunction with the necessary medication and surgical intervention. Anti-inflammatory medications, immunomodulators, and biologic therapies may be used for medical care, and surgical options may include resection of the diseased intestine or removal of the entire colon. The current study provides a paradigm for shared decision-making involving the patient, gastroenterologist, and oncologist while considering recent findings on the safety of IBD medicines, cancer, and recurrent cancer risk in individuals with IBD. We hope to summarize the pertinent research in this review and offer useful advice.
Clinical and Imaging Research in the Diagnosis of Anorectal Melanoma with Surgical Outcome: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Rocha Ana Luiza Moraes , Gomar Gabriella Giandotti , Chagas João Pedro Cruz Lima , Salomão Dayara Mussi , Clivatti Luciana 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective This study aims to report the case of a 69-year-old female patient with a diagnosis of anorectal melanoma (AM) established by immunohistochemistry.
Methods Clinical case report, a descriptive and qualitative study.
Results The patient had a nodular and ulcerative lesion in the anal region, the imaging exams revealed an expansive lesion that affected the rectum and the vaginal wall. The chosen course of treatment was initial surgical intervention, the surgery and postoperative course progressed without complications, and the anatomopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of invasive malignant melanoma of the distal rectum of anorectal transition. The anatomopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of invasive malignant melanoma located in the distal rectum of the anorectal transition. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed infiltrative melanoma with microsatellites, as well as peri and intratumoral lymphocytic infiltrate, angiolymphatic invasion, and perineural invasion. The surgical resection margins, ovaries, posterior vaginal wall, and parametrium showed no signs of neoplastic involvement. Following the surgery, the patient began immunotherapy, which she is still undergoing.
Conclusions The survival rate of AM can be improved through various diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. However, further exploration of this topic through clinical studies is necessary to enhance both diagnosis and treatment.
The impact of local identities on voting behaviour: a Scouse case study
Authors: Jeffery David 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe political salience of local identities has received limited academic attention in the British political science literature. This paper is a step towards addressing this, through a case study of the Scouse identity. The Scouse identity is primarily found in the English city of Liverpool, Merseyside and its environs. Using original survey data of electors from across Merseyside, alongside the British Election Study, this paper explores the political salience and consequences of the Scouse identity and places it in the comparative context of sub-state national identities across Great Britain, namely Englishness, Scottishness, and Welshness. I find that holding a Scouse identity leads to higher levels of Labour support and lower levels of Conservative and Green support, that the political consequences of the Scouse identity vary across Merseyside, and that local identities can and do exist alongside sub-state national identities, challenging the myth of ‘Scouse not English’. Put simply, local identities can and do matter when it comes to shaping voting behaviour.
Neoliberal fascism? Fascist trends in early neoliberal thought and echoes in the present
Authors: Maher Henry 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article theorises the contemporary convergence of neoliberal and fascist principles by examining the thought of political actors in the 1930s and 1940s who were active in both neoliberal and fascist organisations. I suggest that a sympathy for fascism formed a minor but significant strand of early neoliberal thought, and that unpacking the logics that led particular thinkers and political actors to believe that fascism was compatible with neoliberalism can shed light on the contemporary political moment. Based on my reading of early ‘neoliberal fascists’, I theorise three points of convergence. The first was a belief that socialism had to be opposed by all possible means, including violence and the repression of popular democracy. The second was a racialized understanding of the underpinnings of the market economy, leading to an acceptance of the necessity of racial exclusion. Thirdly, both fascist and neoliberal thinkers believed that patriarchy was a necessary feature for the reproduction of capitalism, and hence that traditional gender roles had to be preserved against pressures for social change. In theorising this convergence, I also gesture to how the overlap of neoliberalism and fascism can be witnessed in the contemporary milieu, with a focus on the libertarian Mises Institute.