bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Stellar Disk Structure Revealed by the Mono-age Populations of the LAMOST Red Clump Star Sample
Authors: Yu Zheng , Chen Bingqiu , Lian Jianhui , Wang Chun , Liu Xiaowei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Understanding the structure of the Galactic disk is crucial for understanding the formation and evolutionary history of the Milky Way. This study examines the structure of the Galactic disk by analyzing a sample of 138,667 primary red clump (RC) stars from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope and Gaia data sets. We have categorized these RC stars into mono-age populations and investigated their spatial distributions within the R–Z plane, estimating scale heights and lengths through the fitting of their vertical and radial density profiles. Our analysis indicates that the vertical profiles of these mono-age populations fit a dual-component disk model, where both components exhibit significant flaring, particularly in the outer disk regions. Within a constant Galactocentric radius R, the scale heights of the first component, representing the morphologically thin disk, rise with age. In contrast, the scale heights of the second component, corresponding to the morphologically thick disk, remain comparatively stable across different age groups. Additionally, the radial density profiles of both disk components predominantly peak within a radial range of 7.5–8.5 kpc. These findings underscore the importance of age as a crucial factor in shaping the spatial distribution and structural evolution of the Galactic disk, offering valuable insights into its complex dynamics and history.
The Size of Accretion Disks from Self-consistent X-Ray Spectra and UV/Optical/NIR Photometry Fitting: Applications to ASASSN–14li and HLX–1
Authors: Guolo Muryel , Mummery Andrew 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We implement a standard thin disk model with the outer disk radius (R
out) as a free parameter, integrating it into a standard X-ray fitting package to enable self-consistent and simultaneous fitting of X-ray spectra and Ultraviolet (UV), Optical, and Near-infrared (NIR) photometry. We apply the model to the late-time data (Δt ≈ 350–1300 days) of the tidal disruption event (TDE) ASASSN–14li. We show that at these late times, the multiwavelength emission of the source can be fully described by a bare compact accretion disk. We obtain a black hole mass (M
BH) of

7

−
2

+
3

×
1

0

6

M

⊙

, consistent with host-galaxy scaling relations, and an R
out of 45 ± 13 R
g, consistent with the circularization radius, with possible expansion at the latest epoch. We discuss how simplistic models, such as a single-temperature blackbody fitted to either X-ray spectra or UV/optical photometry, lead to erroneous interpretations of the scale/energetics of TDE emission. We also apply the model to the soft/high state of the intermediate-mass black hole candidate HLX–1. The model fits the full spectral energy distribution (from X-rays to NIR) without needing an additional stellar population component. We investigate how relativistic effects improve our results by implementing a version of the model with full ray tracing calculations in the Kerr metric. For HLX–1, we find

M

BH

=

4

−
1

+
3

×
1

0

4

M

⊙

and R
out ≈ few × 103
R
g, in agreement with previous findings. The relativistic model can constrain the inclination (i) of HLX–1 to be 10° ≤ i ≤70°.
High-z Stellar Masses Can Be Recovered Robustly with JWST Photometry
Authors: Cochrane R. K. , Katz H. , Begley R. , Hayward C. C. , Best P. N. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Robust inference of galaxy stellar masses from photometry is crucial for constraints on galaxy assembly across cosmic time. Here, we test a commonly used spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting code using simulated galaxies from the Sphinx
20 cosmological radiation hydrodynamics simulation with JWST NIRCam photometry forward-modeled with radiative transfer. Fitting the synthetic photometry with various star formation history models, we show that recovered stellar masses are, encouragingly, generally robust to within a factor of ∼3 for galaxies in the range M
⋆ ∼ 107−109
M
⊙ at z = 5−10. These results are in stark contrast to recent work claiming that stellar masses can be underestimated by as much as an order of magnitude in these mass and redshift ranges. However, while >90% of masses are recovered to within 0.5 dex, there are notable systematic trends, with stellar masses typically overestimated for low-mass galaxies (M
⋆ ≲ 108
M
⊙) and slightly underestimated for high-mass galaxies (M
⋆ ≳ 109
M
⊙). We demonstrate that these trends arise due to the SED fitting code poorly modeling the impact of strong emission lines on broadband photometry. These systematic trends, which exist for all star formation history parameterizations tested, have a tilting effect on the inferred stellar mass function, with the number densities of massive galaxies underestimated (particularly at the lowest redshifts studied) and the number densities of lower-mass galaxies typically overestimated. Overall, this work suggests that we should be optimistic about our ability to infer the masses of high-z galaxies observed with JWST (notwithstanding contamination from active galactic nuclei) but careful when modeling the impact of strong emission lines on broadband photometry.
Detection of a New GeV Source in the Outer Region of the Coma Cluster: A Signature of External Accretion Shock?
Authors: Chen Xiao-Bin , Wang Kai , Huang Yi-Yun , Zhang Hai-Ming , Xi Shao-Qiang , Liu Ruo-Yu , Wang Xiang-Yu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The supersonic flow motions associated with infall of baryonic gas toward sheets and filaments, as well as cluster mergers, produces large-scale shock waves. The shocks associated with galaxy clusters can be classified mainly into two categories: internal shocks appearing in the hot intracluster medium within the viral radius and external accretion shocks forming in the outer cold region well outside of the virial radius. Cosmic-ray (CR) electrons and/or protons accelerated by these shocks are expected to produce gamma rays through inverse-Compton scattering (ICS) or inelastic pp collisions, respectively. Recent studies have found a spatially extended GeV source within the virial radius, consistent with the internal shock origin. Here, we report the detection of a new GeV source at a distance of about 2

.

°

8 from the center of the Coma cluster through the analysis of 16.2 yr of Fermi-LAT data. The hard spectrum of the source, in agreement with the ICS origin, and its location in a large-scale filament of galaxies points to the external accretion shock origin. The gamma-ray (0.1−103 GeV) luminosity of the source, 1.4 × 1042 erg s−1, suggests that a fraction ~10−3 of the kinetic energy flux through the shock surface is transferred to relativistic CR electrons.
Les Combattantes : une anthologie de femmes héroïques
Authors: Suvélor Sonia 
Published: January 2025

Lorsqu’on pense à la Première Guerre mondiale, ce sont généralement des flashs de « poilus » dans les tranchées, de masques à gaz, de soldats défigurés et autres atrocités qui nous viennent en tête. Force est de reconnaître qu’au-delà de cette vision cauchemardesque, on retient un conflit très masculin, où la femme ne semble avoir aucune place, si ce n’est celle très glamourisée d’infirmière, dont les différents uniformes figurent dans les magazines de mode de l’époque. La série Les Combattantes fait sauter ces stéréotypes en apportant une autre dimension au rôle des femmes, ces guerrières de l’ombre. À travers cette mini-série de huit épisodes sur le rôle crucial des patriotes féminines, c’est le devoir de mémoire ainsi que la nécessité d’une reconnaissance occultée qui sont ravivés avec efficacité.
A Retrospective Observational Cohort Analysis of Oncology Patients with Febrile Neutropenia in the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Oman
Authors: Al-Aamri Badar , AL Breiki Aisha , Hazra Darpanarayan , Al-Aamri Talib , Al-Shehi Manar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Febrile neutropenia, a critical concern in chemotherapy-treated oncology patients, demands swift and guideline-based management. This study evaluated guideline adherence and clinical outcomes in the management of febrile neutropenia in oncology patients in the emergency department (ED).

Methods:
This retrospective study was conducted over 4 years. The primary focus was the evaluation of adherence to guidelines for patient disposition and clinical outcomes. Data were retrieved from the hospital’s electronic records, systematically organized, and analyzed.

Results:
A total of 121 febrile neutropenic cases were included in the study. Of these, 52.9% were classified as low risk, with 44.6% having hematological malignancies and 55.4% having solid malignancies. Most patients (89.3%) presented with active cancer, and the mean neutrophil count was 0.18. High-risk patients exhibited significantly higher rates of positive blood cultures (31.6% vs. 1.6%) and positive urine cultures (20.8% vs. 7.7%). Chest X-rays were positive in 5.5% of low-risk patients and 23.2% of high-risk patients. Fungal infection rates were 1.6% in low-risk patients and 29.8% in high-risk patients. Complications were more frequent in high-risk patients, including sepsis-induced hypotension in 6.3% of low-risk patients and 43.9% of high-risk patients. Deaths occurred in 21.1% of high-risk patients, and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions were 24.6% in the high-risk group, with no ICU admissions in the low-risk group. Binary logistic regression revealed that male patients had a 60% lower risk of guideline discordance than female patients (odds ratio [OR]: 0.400, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.180-0.891, P = 0.025), whereas diabetic patients had a 75% lower risk than nondiabetic patients (OR: 0.254, 95% CI: 0.069–0.934, P = 0.039).

Conclusion:
As expected, high-risk patients demonstrated greater illness severity than low-risk patients, with higher rates of admission, sepsis-induced hypotension, and mortality.
A Retrospective review of Leave against Medical Advice (LAMA) cases in the Emergency Department: Factors and Solutions
Authors: Tikhile Angad , Tyagi Shweta , Mulay Sanjay , Ursekar Rajesh 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Leave against medical advice (LAMA) is a constant source of frustration for all emergency physicians irrespective of the setup. These patients have higher healthcare costs and readmission rates and even carry a higher morbidity and mortality. The literature on the subject from India is limited. We conducted this study to find the proportion of patients LAMA from the emergency medicine department (EMD).

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted at an EMD of a tertiary care hospital attached to a medical college in western Maharashtra with an aim to estimate the incidence of LAMA cases and describe various characteristics of these patients.

Results:
A total of 28,802 patients visited EMD during the study period and 6582 patients (22.8%) left against medical advice. Majority of LAMA patients were male (58.3%) and belonged to the age group of 18–40 (52.9%) years. Maximum patients who left against medical advice belonged to the basic specialties such as internal medicine, general surgery, and orthopedics. Among LAMA patients, majority were discharged between 5 PM and 9 AM (n = 4490; 68.2%). Symptomatic improvement (46.8%) and financial constraints (17.3%) were the reason why majority of patients left against medical advice.

Conclusion:
LAMA remains a significant problem globally. There are very limited data from India on the demography of LAMA patients and reasons for patients choosing to LAMA. Our study provides a few insights into the issue, but large-scale prospective studies are required to plan policies which can help in reducing the LAMA burden.
Diabetes Risk Evaluation Using Indian Diabetes Risk Score among Adults of an Urban Slum in Bengaluru, Karnataka
Authors: Saraswathi S. , Mukhopadhyay Amita , Sumana M. , Debata Ipsita , Panda Prem Sagar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Diabetes typically projects the Iceberg phenomenon, with most cases being hidden. The Indian diabetes risk score (IDRS) by the Madras diabetic research foundation is a validated and useful screening tool that identifies high-risk people in primary care settings. The study aimed to assess the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among adults in an urban slum in Bengaluru, Karnataka with the Indian diabetic risk score (IDRS).

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was carried out in the community involving adults, aged 18 years and above, in the urban field practice area for 3 months. A pretested questionnaire with the IDRS tool was used for data collection.

Results:
Of 300 participants, 53% were males and 47% were females. The diabetes risk, as per the IDRS scores, was high in 58.2%, moderate in 27.2%, and low in 14.6% of the population. The diabetes risk was associated significantly with gender, age, occupational status, physical activity, abdominal circumference, and family history (P < 0.00001).

Conclusion:
Screening by the IDRS tool showed that the risk of developing diabetes was moderate to high in the study population.
Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: Current Trends and Future Directions
Authors: Samajdar Shambo Samrat , Chatterjee Rupak , Mukherjee Shatavisa , Dey Amit , Saboo Bharat , Pal Jyotirmoy , Joshi Shashank , Chatterjee Nandini 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a milestone technological advancement that enables computers and machines to simulate human intelligence and problem-solving capabilities. This article serves to give a broad overview of the application of AI in medicine including the current applications and future. AI shows promise in changing the field of medical practice although its practical implications are still in their infancy and need further exploration. However, AI is not without limitations and this article also tries to address them along with suggesting solutions by which AI can advance healthcare for betterment with mass benefit.
Comparative assessment of antioxidant and antiglycation properties of Leucas species
Authors: Pratima H. , Rampur Ashwini , Kodagnur Sandhaya 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
The genus Leucas is an aromatic plant and belongs to the Lamiaceae family. They are rich in secondary metabolites. The benefits of Leucas in curing many ailments such as coughs, colds, diarrhea, diabetes, inflammation, and skin diseases have made it an Ayurvedic component. Hence, the present study aims to evaluate the phytochemical, antioxidant, and antiglycation properties of methanol and aqueous extract from three Leucas species, viz, Leucas aspera Link, Leucas zeylanica (L.) W.T.Aiton, and Leucas longifolia Benth.

METHODS:
Dry powders of the whole part of three species of Leucas were extracted with methanol and aqueous solution. Qualitative analysis of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, and tannins was performed by using standard phytochemical procedures. Total phenol, flavonoid, and alkaloid contents were estimated by spectrophotometric methods. The superoxide radical scavenging activity, 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging activity, and ferric-reducing power methods are in vitro models. Bovine serum albumin glycation assay was used to evaluate the in vitro antiglycation activity of extracts.

RESULTS:
The highest percentage of extraction yield was observed in the methanolic extract of all Leucas species compared to the aqueous extract. The preliminary phytochemical tests reveal the presence of various bioactive secondary metabolites such as phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, and glycosides. These extracts show that L. aspera has high DPPH activity, superoxide radical scavenging activity, hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging activity, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power compared to L. zeylanica and L. longifolia. The methanolic and aqueous extract of L. aspera exhibited more significant inhibitory (96.70 ± 1.78 and 90.33 ± 1.65%) effects on advanced glycation end products formation in bovine serum albumin glycation systems compared to standard aminoguanidine (99.45 ± 1.37%) than L. zeylanica and L. longifolia. The methanol extract of L. aspera is rich in phenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids and has strong antiglycation and antioxidant properties.

CONCLUSION:
The strong antiglycation and antioxidant activity of all three Leucas species suggests its possible role in combating diseases associated with diabetic complications and oxidative stress.
Pharmacognostical and phytochemical studies of Eulophia dabia (D. Don) Hochr: A folklore medicine
Authors: Garg Ayush Kumar , Adlakha Manoj , Purvia Rajendra Prasad , Singh Chandan , Chouhan Preeti 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
Medicinal plants have been used in traditional systems of medicine since ancient times. In India, many plants use the common name “Salam mishri,” which creates huge controversy and confusion among the plants. But among them, Dactylorhiza incarnata subsp. Incarnate, Eulophia dabia (E. dabia) (D. Don) Hochr. and Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) are considered Salam mishri by several local ethnic groups and villagers, as they exhibit the same medicinal properties. E. dabia (D. Don) Hochr. is also known by several vernacular names such as Munjatak (Sanskrit), Salam mishri (Hindi), etc. It is extensively used traditionally to enhance the body’s strength and ability.

METHODS:
Various methods, including microscopic, macroscopic, and physico-phytochemical methods, were applied to determine the diagnostic features for the standardization and identification of E. dabia using the guidelines for drug development of Ayurved formulations given by CCRAS.

RESULTS:
Preliminary physicochemical analysis revealed a loss on drying of 4.84% w/w, pH of 5.16, alcohol-soluble extractive value of 43.56% w/w), and water-soluble extractive value of 63.05% w/w. The total ash content was 6.3% w/w, with acid-insoluble ash at 2.03% w/w for the rhizome of E. dabia. Powder microscopy of the rhizome revealed the presence of stone cells, starch grains, parenchyma cells, cork cells, and xylem vessels. Thin-layer chromatography and high-performance thin-layer chromatography analysis showed the presence of important phytoconstituents in the methanolic extract of the rhizome.

CONCLUSION:
The data generated from this study would be helpful in the authentication of this medicinal plant. These pharmacognostic and preliminary phytochemical observations can be considered future references in further studies.
Network pharmacology-based anti-obesity activity of Gavedhuka (a millet): In silico study
Authors: Pathak Vijay Kumar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
Millet is a small-seeded crop widely used in Ayurveda for maintaining health; it has a significant effect on the economic impacts in developing countries. In Ayurveda, Gavedhuka (Coix lacryma-jobi L.), a type of millet, is described for its anti-obesity activity. The prevalence of obesity has been increasing across the globe in past few decades. With increase in prevalence, mortality risks among obese persons have also been increasing. The objective of this study was to explore the activity of Gavedhuka (C. lacryma-jobi L.) in obesity using network pharmacology.

METHODS:
Bioactive components present in Gavedhuka (C. lacryma-jobi L.) were retrieved from the Indian Medicinal Plants, Phytochemistry, and Therapeutics databases. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) study and target prediction of bioactive components was assessed with online software tools (SwissADME and SwissTargetPrediction tool). The targets of obesity were retrieved from the GeneCards database. The common targets of obesity between targets retrieved from GeneCards database and targets obtained from bioactive components were screened. The herb–bioactive–target network was constructed and visualized by software (Cytoscape 3.9.1). Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed on the common targets for activity of Gavedhuka (C. lacryma-jobi L.) in obesity.

RESULTS:
A total of 24 bioactive components were obtained from Gavedhuka (C. lacryma-jobi L.), out of which 11 bioactives qualified for the ADME study and nine bioactive-related targets were collected from these ADME-qualified bioactive. After removal of duplicates targets, a total of seven targets were finalized, and all seven targets were found common between targets of obesity retrieved from GeneCards.

CONCLUSION:
Palmitic acid was the top bioactive linked to more targets, while peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha were the top crucial targets of Gavedhuka (C. lacryma-jobi L.) for its activity in obesity. The KEGG pathway enrichment indicated that the activities of Gavedhuka (C. lacryma-jobi L.) in obesity are primarily connected to the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway. These observations may open new thoughts for future investigations into the mechanisms behind the activity of Gavedhuka (C. lacryma-jobi L.) in other diseases also.
Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Positron Emission Tomography in Head and Neck Cancers among Oral Physicians in South India: A Cross- Sectional Study
Authors: Christy A. Winnifred , Sudhakar Uma , Saravanan Thalaimalai 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Positron emission tomography (PET) when combined with computed tomography (CT) offers an accurate extent of disease and provides additional information regarding nodal and distant metastases.

Aim:
To evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding PET in head and neck cancers among oral physicians in south India.

Methodology:
It was a web-based cross-sectional survey done with a customized questionnaire among dentists with postgraduate specialization in oral medicine and radiology in southern parts of India. The response rate was 75%.

Results:
The mean age of the participants was 37.6 years, and the mean years of their clinical experience were 10.3. Almost 95% were aware that PET CT helps in detecting distant metastases, 82% of them knew that PET CT helps in assessing treatment response and in detecting recurrence. 62% were uncertain about the actual need for a PET CT scan. About 74.1% of the physicians strongly wanted to include the imaging procedures and interpretations in the postgraduate curriculum.

Conclusion:
This study leads to recommendations to add PET CT procedures and interpretations to the postgraduate curriculum and to conduct workshops at the annual conferences of the specialty to help update their knowledge in this field.