bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successful Sweep Efficiency Improvement of Horizontal Wells in a High Temperature and High Salinity Reservoir by In-Depth Waterflood Conformance Control using Low-Density Gel Particles
Authors: Jin Fayang , Du Xuan , Wang Huailong , Yuan Chengdong , Liu Yong , Pu Wanfen , Varfolomeev Mikhail A. , Gu Junying , Li Kexing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHDX oilfield is located in Tarim Basin (China) and operated by PetroChina. Horizontal wells are used to develop some reservoirs. Due to high permeability heterogeneity, injection water early breaks through, resulting in a poor sweep efficiency. Conformance control is considered as the most suitable technique for sweep improvement, but such treatment in horizontal wells is more difficult than in vertical wells. Moreover, high temperature (112 ℃) and salinity (290,000 mg/L) increases extra difficulty in the treatment. Because of high temperature and high salinity, dispersed gel (DG) particles were suggested given that they are more insensitive to harsh environments than in-situ crosslinked gels. Considering wide well spacing and discontinuous interlayer, in-depth conformance control using a large volume of gel particles was proposed. To achieve in-depth migration, gel particles should have a slow expansibility and a high deformability. For horizontal well, particles sedimentation in horizontal section is a challenging issue. Therefore, the density of gel particles should be enough low to be well suspended. To meet all these requirements, eventually delayed expansion in water, low-density, highly deformable DG particles were synthesized.The first application was started at October 2016 and finished at June 2017. Multiple slug injection with different particle size and concentration was designed, and gel particles-alternating-water injection was implemented. Incremental oil production response was observed at December 2016 since the second slug injection started. Until June 2019, incremental oil was 45,255 tons, and the input-output ratio is about 48.59. Considering this huge success, the second treatment in another well was implemented from July to September 2019. The incremental oil after 8 months was 4,870 tons, and the treatment continues to be effective until 2022. Moreover, the first treatment is still effective after 3 years, which proves the treatment a great technical and economic success. This paper presents the idea of the operation design of low-density DG particles for in-depth conformance control in horizontal wells. Furthermore, how to precisely evaluate treatment effect are discussed in detail based on production performance together with water injectivity, pressure index, and wellhead pressure drop curve in the injection well.This paper not only presents the idea using low-density gel particles with multistage injection process of gel particles-alternating-water for in-depth conformance control in horizontal wells, but also summarizes important experiences for successful field operation design and control, which will give an updated framework and an important guidance for in-depth conformance control treatment in horizontal wells under high temperature and high salinity conditions.
Unique PDC Bit Design Significantly Improves Drilling Efficiency Across Several Interbedded Formations
Authors: Hababi Ali , Omar Mahmoud , Alqunais Dawood , Teasdale Paul , Case Matt , Casad Chris 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDrilling interbedded formations through alternating soft and hard layers is challenging due to torsional instability that could damage the PDC bit. The traditional PDC bit design approach to overcome this challenge is to use secondary elements that control Depth Of Cut (DOC) and limit torque fluctuations. While this approach can be effective, it limits ROP. This paper presents a unique concept that utilizes advanced cutting elements across the bit to control DOC while improving ROP.The Design engineering focal group have developed a new PDC bit with an alternate cutter arrangement to drill transitional zones more efficiently. Although PDC bit designs with various configurations of cutters have been utilized, the need remains for an innovative solution to improve stability and ROP. The novel PDC bit has cutters that are strategically placed in the cutting structure with alternating passive and aggressive back rake angles to manage DOC and increase ROP. The strategic cutters arrangement enables the PDC bit to shear the formation effectively from different points of contact in a passive and aggressive manner.Introducing the new concept in four PDC bits designs helped to achieve a step change in drilling performance in challenging applications that generate extensive torsional vibrations. The initial testing in 16-in vertical section showed 24% ROP improvement, achieving the highest ROP in a well-established field of more than 300 wells. Moreover, the rerun of the same PDC bit achieved the second highest ROP in the same field. Additional testing in lateral sections showed 6 1/8-in PDC bit increased ROP by 42% in offshore, and 5 7/8-in PDC bit drilled the longest footage in Ghawar field, achieving 41% ROP improvement and 14% increase in footage. Subsequent testing in 17-in vertical section showed similar performance with 22 % ROP improvement in south Ghawar.The developed concept provides an advanced solution to the challenge of drilling with PDC bit through transitional formations. The performance studies demonstrate that PDC bit with alternating cutter back rake angles reduced torsional instability by 30% in interbedded formation, decreased torque fluctuations and delivered a smooth torque response. The new PDC bit also increased the durability and the dull condition by two wear scale. Overall, the innovative cutters configuration helped to enhance drilling efficiency and provided significant cost savings.This paper demonstrates the value of the new PDC cutting structure layout that can deliver enhanced performance and dull condition in variety of applications where torsional vibrations leads to premature bits failure. The new concept can also be applied to existing designs to further improve performance in transitional applications and reduce drilling cost.
A New Tool for Identification of Lost Circulation and Fluid Influx: Experimental Study
Authors: Ma Yue , Dokhani Vahid , Ma Hejun , Miao Hailong , Shi Zhaorui , Zhang Daoming 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMud loss occurrence is one of the costly problems during drilling operations that can increase the non-productive time if not treated promptly. This study presents a new method for analysis of drilling microchip data, which can help to locate the loss and influx zone(s).An experimental flow loop facility with an inclined test section is developed to study the effect of lost circulation or fluid influx on the circulating temperature profile. The presence of loss/influx zone is simulated using an external clamp to control the peripheral leakage or injection through a joint in the test section. Drilling microchips are dropped in multiple runs to obtain the circulating temperature profiles in the flow conduits with and without lost circulation. Similar tests are conducted in presence of fluid influx. Meanwhile, the transit times of tracers in the pipe and annulus are measured. A tracer tracking algorithm is developed considering slippage between the tracers and fluid to follow the axial location of tracers while circulating in the flow loop.The experimental observations indicate that the tracers are moving slower than the average fluid velocity and mainly travel on the lower side of the inclined annular space. The circulating temperature profiles with and without lost circulation are compared to identify the loss zone. The experimental results further show that the depth of influx can be easily recognized from the calculated temperature gradients. Measured results of drilling microchips in a field trial are analyzed to identify anomalies of temperature gradients near the bottom hole. It is realized that the amplitude of the annular temperature gradient can be evaluated to identify the abnormal changes.Novel results of deployed drilling microchips along with the presented methodology can be used to investigate the lost circulation or fluid influx while drilling. In particular, the amplitude of temperature gradients from the measured data of drilling microchips can be used as a signature to locate the loss and influx zone(s).
Keys for Success to Deliver and Strengthening a Sustainable Safety Culture in Developing Companies in Developing Countries Facts about Safety Culture, Facts About Safety Culture?
Authors: Amin Wael Mohamed 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
What is a safety culture? There are many contemporary definitions of safety culture, most are taken from the one giving by advisory committee on safety back in the 1980’s which states :-- The product of individual and group values, attitudes, competencies, perceptions and patterns of behavior that determines the commitment to, and the style and proficiency of an organization’s health and safety management.
Conformance Control in Harsh Reservoir Conditions Using a Novel Pickering Emulsion
Authors: Mahboob Ahmad , Sultan Abdullah Saad , Adewunmi Ahmad Akanbi , Kamal Muhammad Shahzad 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study reports the application of emulsified and non-emulsified colloidal silica gels (CSGs) for conformance control in oilfields. Herein, non-emulsified CSGs were produced from 28% and 20% colloidal silica and sodium chloride (NaCl) of varying concentration from 1 – 10%, while emulsified CSGs were formed from 28% colloidal silica solution, diesel and the optimal emulsifier (cloisite 20 - CL20) following proper selection process and visual observation of gelation activities of different formulations of non-emulsified CSGs. Rheological determination was used to examine how various temperatures (80, 100 and 120 °C) affect the gelation of emulsified and non-emulsified CSGs. Also, effect of varying CL20 concentrations (500, 700, 1000 and 1250 ppm) on the viscosity of emulsified gel was evaluated. Experimental results showed that the gelation times of both emulsified and non-emulsified CSGs decreased with increasing temperature. However, the gelation periods of emulsified CSG at tested temperatures were longer than that of non-emulsified CSG. The complete gelation times of emulsified CSG at 80, 100 and 120 °C were 83 hours, 24.8 hours, and 7.1 hours, respectively; and that of non-emulsified CSG at these same temperatures were 36 hours, 10.5 hours and 6.2 hours, respectively. Likewise, it was noticed from the rheological determination that, as the CL20 concentration is increased, the emulsified CSG viscosity decreased which may hinder its final gel strength. Hence, about 500 ppm of CL20 would be suitable for the formation of an emulsified colloidal silica gel having the desired gelation time and gel strength.
Application of Digital and Real-Time Technologies in Deepwater Drilling Environment Operations for Performance Enhancement and Efficient and Accurate Decision-Making Process.
Authors: Nunez Davila Andres Felipe , Lopez Juan Ramon , Rossi Lucas , Smith Graham 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the oil and gas industry has evolved and now requires the application of digital solutions. The deepwater environment is no exception. In an integrated project in the Gulf of Mexico, a long-term commercial relationship was established. Different technologies were implemented that have positively affected the overall performance, focusing on risk management, efficiency, and establishing a more accurate decision-making process. This paper describes how digital solutions are integrated into the project to better detect undesirable events and offer ways to further enhance well performance.New technologies have been implemented to optimize the operations while reducing nonproductive time and undesirable events, without adding additional operational risks. The strategy employed resulted from the integration of the real-time monitoring in conjunction with the digital technologies. Monitoring drilling fluid properties in real time through the application of the semiautomatic rheometer provided the required input to maintain optimum fluid conditions and keep the required hole clean. The ultimate objective of drilling operations is to ensure well integrity before the well is placed in production. Cementing operation real-time solutions provide quick and accurate results after the job is completed, assuring the job objectives.In parallel, to eliminate inefficiencies and capture invisible lost time, the implementation of the multiwell performance analysis and benchmarking tool enables project process evaluation. This evaluation features both a micro and macro perspective. The evaluation takes into consideration the routine and nonroutine operations executed daily. In the initial stage, the solution supports the definition of the baseline and benchmark required. It will also determine project progress and further define the most suitable technologies needed to capitalize on improvement opportunities.
Harnessing the Power of Operational Excellence to Cope with the Upcoming Perfect Storm of Energy Transition and Diversification
Authors: Alwazzan Amir , Seddik Sameh 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn view of the mounting attentiveness on the global warming phenomenon and the rapid evolution of the renewables and sustainables, energy transition is inevitable and oil and gas producers and companies should respond instantly to ensure business resilience. Such a transition puts the fossil fuel industry under unprecedented pressure to cope with serious environmental, technical and economical challenges. The leaders of the industry are in critical need to develop efficient protocols to produce clean energy, reduce costs and improve performance to secure the assets’ value. They also have to effectively respond to the diversified drivers of change through performing holistic and systematic analyses to cover their strategies, operating model and capabilities and collaboration with other industry stakeholders.Operational Excellence (OE) is a thorough, systematic and collaborative approach that addresses the cultural, behavioral and technical transformation within organizations to enable them to streamline operations, perform at optimum limits to achieve their strategic objectives. OE approach, in general, is to be derived from cutting-edge technical advancements needed to improve the ecosystem of the business and to be performed in alignment with a top view on the organization to accommodate the multiple upcoming waves of innovation. Evidently, there is a definite correlation between excellence, innovation and organizational success in growing organically and inorganically. This growth has played a prominent role in shifting activities more toward decentralizing decision making to enable lower-level management and frontline employees to take more ownership of the operations they are responsible for.This paper will share the key elements of an OE model and will demonstrate the impact of unleashing these elements on the performance of oil companies to embark on the journey of energy transition and stay the course.
Dual-Lateral Horizontal Wells Unlock China Changbei Tight Gas Potential
Authors: Liu Yongjun , Zhao Hongkai , Wang Jichang , Sun Jiacai , Luo Lei , Lu Zaohua , Zhang Xiaodong , Jiang Tao , Zhu Xuanlu , Zhang Zhenhuo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractChina Changbei block development is an unconventional tight gas project in China Ordos basin. The main pay zone of Changbei is braided river sedimentation with inconsistency of sandstone. Well stimulation with hydraulic frac was the predominant concept for tight gas development in the basin with low individual well producing rate. Innovative Dual-Lateral horizontal well concept was selected for Changbei block thin gas reservoir development. Each cluster planned 3 Dual-Lateral horizontal wells which could cover a 3 km radius circle drainage area. The Dual-Lateral well spud with 16" hole to about 600m to secure top formation, then continue with 12-1/4" hole section landing in reservoir formation at around 3,400m AHMD (2,900m TVD) and cased off with 9-5/8" casing. Two 8-1/2" lateral legs, with each being turned for around 45 degrees in azimuth to separate from each other, string up as many as sand bodies in designed 2,000m leg length in reservoir section to maximize production. The Dual-Lateral horizontal well design proven to be successful for China Changbei tight gas development.By 2022, Changbei completed in total 57 Dual-Lateral horizontal wells and maintained productivity over 3.2BCM per year for more than 14 years, played an important role for China gas supply. This paper detailly described the well design and execution of Dual-Lateral horizontal wells including drilling challenges and countermeasures including casing exit and open hole sidetrack practices, hole cleaning, drill pipe and BHA selection, etc. The paper will give a full picture on Dual-Lateral horizontal wells construction.
Approaches to researching creative industries for management in digital economy
Authors: Gumerova G. I. , Shaimieva E. Sh. 
Published: March 2023

Objective: to form and reveal the four research approaches to the study and management of creative industries; to systematize the material within the research area and object.Methods: analysis, synthesis, classiﬁcation.Results: the rapid development of creative industries has become one of the key trends in entrepreneurship in recent years. To understand this phenomenon, the article explores the concept and features of creative industries in the digital economy. Based on the analysis of scientiﬁc literature, the stages of the evolution of the creative industries development and formation on a global scale are determined. Four approaches to the study of creative industries are formulated: as a set of economic activities; as a set of high-tech industries and services; as platforms for the creation of intellectual property objects; through the prism of a speciﬁc type of economic activity. Each of the four approaches has its own tools for the development, study and management of creative industries.Scientiﬁc novelty: to clarify the existing approaches in the study of creative industries; to form a list of approaches to the study and management of creative industries in the digital economy; to form tools for the management and development of creative industries in the digital economy based on the formed approaches.Practical signiﬁcance: the results obtained may contribute to: (a) developing further research on the essence of creative industries in the digital economy based on the formulated four approaches to research and management of creative industries; (b) scaling up the positive experience of using the tools obtained in a certain creative industry to other creative industries, and (c) developing universal and specialized methods for creating intellectual property objects in creative industries, activating innovative, creative, intellectual activity in organizations of creative industries in the digital economy.
A hybridized algorithm of combination of modified teaching-learning-based optimization and modified chicken swarm optimization
Authors: Ke Ming , Liu Kejin , Yan Guoping 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
To overcome the defect of Teaching-Learning-based Optimization (TLBO) that it converges to the global optima with a relative slow speed, a modified Teaching-Learning-based Optimization (mTLBO) is proposed to enhance the convergence rate of TLBO. Then, the updation equation of rooster of Chicken Swarm Optimization (CSO) is improved to obtain modified Chicken Swarm Optimization (mCSO) to boost the global exploring capacity of CSO. Moreover, mTLBO and mCSO are hybridized to produce mTLBO-mCSO to get a comprehensive capability of fast searching and global exploring. Above all, relevant simulations are conducted using seven unimodal benchmark functions and six multimodal benchmark functions and related analyses are given for them. The simulation results reveal that mTLBO-mCSO works better or at least equal to basic algorithms for the vast majority of test functions and worse in extremely few cases.
Acute subdural haematoma exacerbates cerebral blood flow disorder and promotes the development of intraoperative brain bulge in rats with severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Zhang Shangming , Chen Qizuan , Xian Liang , Chen Yehuang , Wei Liangfeng , Wang Shousen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Intraoperative brain bulge (IOBB) is a malignant complication of decompressive craniectomy (DC) in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), which seriously worsens the prognosis of patients. Previous studies have shown that malignant intraoperative brain bulge (IOBB) may be associated with excessive arterial hyperaemia, but changes in cerebral vein have not been mentioned. In the current literature, rat models of severe brain injury-associated brain bulge have rarely been reported.
Methods
To gain an in-depth understanding of cerebrovascular changes and the cascade of responses related to brain bulge, we introduced acute SDH into the Marmarou model for the preparation of high intracranial pressure (ICP) to simulate the pathological conditions experienced by patients with severe brain injury.
Results
With the introduction of a 400 µL haematoma, ICP increased to 56.9 ± 2.3 mmHg, mean arterial pressure showed reactive decrease, and the blood flow of cerebral cortical arteries and veins on the non-SDH-affected side decreased to < 10%. These changes could not fully recover even after DC. This resulted in generalised damage to the neurovascular unit and a lag effect to the venous blood reflux, which triggered malignant IOBB formation during DC.
Conclusion
An excessive increase in ICP causes cerebrovascular dysfunction and brings about a cascade of damage to brain tissue, which forms the basis for the development of diffuse brain swelling. The subsequent heterogeneous responses of the cerebral arteries and veins during craniotomy may be the main cause of primary IOBB. Clinicians should pay particular attention to the redistribution of CBF to various vessels when performing DC in patients with severe TBI.
Assessment of Pharmaceuticals in Danube River: An analysis of NORMAN database
Authors: Saxena Priyam , Sarkar Atanu , Hazarika Rashmi , Yadav Om Prakash , Achari Gopal 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In recent years, various anthropogenic factors have been contributing to the deterioration of water quality in the world’s major rivers due to the discharge of untreated or improperly treated municipal wastewater, industrial effluents, and agriculture runoffs. The presence of pharmaceuticals in surface water bodies, such as in river water, is increasingly becoming an environmental concern because of their toxicological consequences on the ecosystem. Pharmaceutical contamination of river water affects every trophic level of the aquatic biota along the down streams. This review aims to analyze the presence of pharmaceuticals in the Danube, the second longest river in Europe, connecting ten countries, running through their territories or being a border. Available data on contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in the NORMAN database is used to conduct this study. Herein, temporal analysis of the distribution of CECs is presented. Further, the occurrence patterns of CECs in different countries along the Danube River basin are compared and evaluated. The results indicate that Austria, Germany, and Romania have controlled the overall pharmaceutical contamination in the river, while for Serbia and Slovakia, precautionary measures are needed. Moreover, findings from this research may be used to assess the health and environmental hazards associated with the presence of CECs in the Danube River basin. This study can assist in framing future policies to prevent adverse impacts on public health.