bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender Difference in Palatal Rugae Patterns Among Adult Bengali Population in Chattogram
Authors: Sumaiya Sarah Fatima , Ashrafuzzaman Md , Begum Tamanna , Mahmud Manjur E , Bhowmik Baishakhi , Chowdhury Urmila , Alam Mohammed Morshed 
Published: July 2023

Background: The anatomical fold on the front portion of the hard palate is known as the palatal rugae. They are distinct and do not change during life, making them perfect for use as an identification tool when other options are unavailable. The aim of our study is to determine gender differences in palatal rugae pattern among the Bengali population in Chattogram of Bangladesh.
Materials and methods: A total of 200 Bengali male (100) and female (100) populations aged 18 years and above were studied. The data was assessed based on the Thomas and Kotze classification. The student's t-test was used to compare all quantitative data.
Results: Curved and straight type palatal rugae were significantly higher (p < 0.05, p < 0.001 respectively) in males than females. Wavy and circular type palatal rugae were higher in females than males and the difference was significant (p < 0.001, p < 0.05 respectively). The female exhibited a higher converging palatal rugae p > 0.05. The male exhibited a higher diverging palatal rugae p < 0.001.
Conclusion: The Bengali population of Chattogram has a distinctive pattern and sexual diversity of palatal rugae. That can be used to reliably identify subjects and gender differences in the Bengali population.
JCMCTA 2022 ; 33 (1) : 82-87
Risk Factor Stratification in Patient with Recurrent Stroke in Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed Faruk , Hoda Md Durul , Rashid Md Abdur , Badiuzzaman Md , Hossain Amir , Refatul Islam Mohammad , Hossain Md Emran 
Published: July 2023

Background: Stroke is a non communicable disease of increasing importance. Stroke is a major cause of death and disability in the world. Individual who suffered from stroke are at high risk of suffering recurrent stroke. So it is important to establish the risk factor for secondary prevention. The aim of this study is to find out the association of risk factor of recurrent stroke and it helps to take steps to reduce recurrent stroke.
Materials and methods: This is a cross sectional observational case control study was conducted at Dhaka Medical College Hospital during 1st January to 31 December 2011. Definition was followed by WHO stroke manual.
Results: In this study two leading risk factors were found hypertension and smoking respectively 78% and 72%. Among risk factors others were diabetes 56%, dyslipidemia 24%, cardiac diseases (AF, IHD, Valvular heart disease) 22%, Mean age of patient 61.09. Ischemic stroke found in 68% and haemorrhagic in 32% of patient.
Conclusion: The common risk factors of stroke are also attributed to risk factor of stroke. Noncompliance to drug and life style modification also important cause of recurrent stroke.
JCMCTA 2022 ; 33 (1) : 93-96
Endoscopic Adenoidectomy with Microdebrider Versus Conventional Adenoidectomy
Authors: Das Sanjoy , Dutta Pranay Kumar , Sen Tuli 
Published: July 2023

Background: Adenoidectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures performed in children in Bangladesh. Though conventional curettage is highly popular as it has the advantage of being cost effective and continues to be a commonly used method especially in developing countries but Microdebrider has opened the new horizon in this arena. To compare conventional curettage adenoidectomy and endoscopic-assisted powered adenoidectomy using a microdebrider.
Materials and methods: This is randomized single blinded comparative study, which was performed in the Medical Center Hospital, Chattogram from August 2019 to July 2020. A total of 60 patients were randomly divided into two groups. Group I underwent conventional curettage adenoidectomy while Group II underwent endoscopic- assisted powered adenoidectomy. Duration of surgery, amount of intra-operative bleeding, adequateness of removal and damage to the adjacent structures were assessed and compared between two groups. All patients were followed for 12 months. Statistical analysis was done using statistical software package SPSS v 22.0. Data were represented as mean ± SD. Continuous variables were compared using the were using the t test while nonparametric data were compared using Mann-Whitney U test. The c2 test was used to compare the nominal data. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Ethical directives from the Managing Body of Medical Centre Hospital, Chattogram for this study was obtained.
Results: in our study, we observed approximately almost three times more mean blood loss and total operating time in the endoscopic-assisted powered procedure compared to the conventional technique (149 and 56 ml, respectively, 63 and 27 min, respectively). Nine (30%) cases in group I had more than 50% residual adenoid tissue while 20 – 50% of residual adenoid tissue was documented among 7 patients (23%). Postoperative pain was found to be significantly higher in group I compared to group II. In both groups, recovery time ranged from 24-48 hour with a mean of 33.6 hour in group I and 36 hour for group II. 23 patients (77%) in group I presented with residual disease in the 3 months follow up period, where number of patients with the exact instance in group II was 0.
Conclusion: Endoscopic assisted adenoidectomy may appear more handy over conventional curettage. But precise peri-operative care and awareness are required to attain the successful outcomes.
JCMCTA 2022 ; 33 (1) : 88-92
Is There Decreasing Prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Patients with Dyspepsia?
Authors: Perveen Irin , Saha Madhusudan , Hasan Md Quamrul 
Published: July 2023

Background: Word-wide there is decreasing prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori) infection. As we are lacking in consistent data regarding H. Pylori infection in our polpulation, we aimed to find out prevalence of H.pylori infection in patients with dyspepsia in Nort-East part of Bangladesh.
Material and methods: Clinical variables, stool antigen test result and endoscopic findings of consecutive patients with dyspepsia were recorded in a semi-structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS programme 17.0(). Significance level was set at 0.05 or less.
Results: A toal of 790 patients (male 549, female 241) were included in the study with higher mean age among female patients (41.46 VS. 39.19, p.008) than male patients. Three most common dyspetic symptoms were abdominel pain (n=365, 46.2%), bloating (n=280, 35.4%) and vomiting (n=163, 20.6%). A total of 217(39.5%) male and 87(36.0%) female were positive for stool antigen test (n=308, 38.5%) for H. pylori. No significant association was found between Helicobacter pylori infection and presence of individual dyspeptic symptom, number of dyspeptic symptoms (OR 1.385, p .103), age (OR .998, p .668), sex (OR 1.157, p .362), rural/urban residence (OR 1.126, p .503) or socioeconomic condition (OR .965, p .09). Around 81% (293/360) subjects had upper GI lesion (Gastritis/gastric ulcer, duoudenitis/duodenalulcer, oesophagitis/ulcer) in endoscopy and stool antigent positivity in paietnts with duodenal and gastric lesions (37% VS. 36.6%) were comparable.
Conclusion: H. pylori infection rate among patients with dyspepsia is is in favour of declining prevalence of H.pylori infection in comparison to previous sudies. Majority of patients with dyspepsia had upperGI lesion in endoscopy. No sigficant differece was noted in H. pyori prevalence rate anong gastric or duodenal lesion or among PPI takers or non-takers.
JCMCTA 2022 ; 33 (1) : 97-102
The Pattern of In-patient Referral in the Psychiatry Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Acharjee Panchanan , Hasan Rakibul , Yusuff Sajjad Mohammad , Fatima Maria , Shaha Shinjan , Chowdhury Faisal , Kibria Sarah Binte 
Published: July 2023

Background: A referral system allows patients to have optimal care. This study aimed to provide the current referral pattern in the context of a tertiary care hospital in the periphery of Bangladesh.
Materials and methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted from January to December 2020 at the Psychiatry Department of Chittagong Medical College Hospital using data from the referral book. 428 cases were analyzed using SPSS-26, and shown in frequency distribution.
Results: Majority responders were male (53%) and from the 21 to 30 age group (31%). Patients referred to Psychiatry Department were more (66.7%) than referred from. Among 27 departments, internal medicine was the highest in referral in both instances (31.1% and 9.6%), followed by neurology (5.8% and 5.1%). The majority of patients (29.4%) had Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorder, followed by Bipolar and Related Disorder (25.4 %). Frequently, the name of psychiatric diagnosis was mentioned wrongly by other departments. In majority of cases, other disciplines did not mention a clinical diagnosis in the referral note.
Conclusions: Proper awareness regarding referral pattern may aware physicians about the importance of referral to psychiatry, resulting in better patient care.
JCMCTA 2022 ; 33 (1) : 103-111
Femoral Neck Fracture Treated with Dynamic Hip Screw System with De-rotation Screw Versus Cannulated Hip Screws
Authors: Saha Shantonu Kumar , Hira Hasina Momotaj , Jahangir Jabed , Deb Ajoy , Mustafa Mamun , Ghosh S Ripon Kumar 
Published: July 2023

Background: Fracture neck of femur has always presented a great challenge to orthopedic surgeons due to its nature of going into non-union and osteonecrosis of femoral head even with the best fixation method and adequate reduction. Treatment of fracture neck of femur varies according to patient’s age and fracture pattern. Purpose of this study was to compare the outcome of DHS with side plate and de-rotation screw with multiple cannulated hip screws in fracture neck of femur in adult.
Materials and methods: This quasi-experimental study was carried out in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chittagong Medical College Hospital from July 2017 to June 2019. Sixty patients age limit between 18 to 55 years, with (AO/OTA 31-B) fracture was taken by purposive sampling technique as per set criteria and were treated either by DHS with side plate and de-rotation screw or by cannulated hip screws. Harris Hip Score was used for evaluation of functional outcome of surgery.
Results: In this study, out of 60 patients, male (83%) were more than female (17%), maximum age incidence was found in 26-36 years age group (30%), left side involvement was 51.7% and right side was 48.3%. Over 60% incidence was due to RTA. Functional outcome was 68% excellent and 24% good in DHS with de-rotation screw group and 55.6% good and 25.9% excellent in cannulated hip screw group according to Harris Hip Score. Only 6.7% had soft tissue infection, 13.3% had deep seated infection and delayed union, 10% had non-union and hip stiffness and 6.7% had AVN in DHS with de- rotation screw group and 10% had soft tissue infection, 6.7% had deep seated infection and delayed union, 13.33% had non-union and hip stiffness and 10% had AVN in cannulated hip screw group. Mean ± SD radiological union time in DHS with de-rotation screw group was 12.5 ± 1.225 weeks and in cannulated hip screw group was 13.61 ± 1.559 weeks.
Conclusion: The functional outcome of fixation by DHS with de-rotation screw was better than fixation by cannulated hip screw for femoral neck fracture in adults.
JCMCTA 2022 ; 33 (1) : 112-117
Use of Silicon Vaginal Pessary for Treatment of Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Authors: Mazumder Afroza Akther , Begum Shamim Ara , Yousuf Nadia 
Published: July 2023

Background: Use of vaginal pessary as a conservative therapy for pelvic organ prolapse is very common and upto 77% of clinicians uses ring pessary for 1 line management of prolapse. Aim to treat prolapse by conservative approach is to alleviate the symptoms of prolapse and avert or delay the need for surgery. Aim of this study was to find out improvements of symptoms related to pelvic organ prolapse and satisfaction rate after 3 months of using vaginal pessary.
Materials and methods: A prospective observational study was conducted from January 2019 –to June 2019 in the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of Bangabandu Memorial Hospital, Chattogram. Total 31 patients were included with symptomatic Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) willing to use pessary. Primary outcome were improvement of symptoms and their satisfaction from baseline to 3 months.
Results: Age of the respondents were between 25-80 years with a mean of 50 ( +-12) years, maximum respondents were postmenopausal 54.8% .Out of 31 respondents 27(87.1%) continue pessary use upto 3 months and their after, 2(6.5%) cases spontaneous expulsion took place, 2(6.5%) discontinue the use. Compare with base line findings significant improvement in patients symptoms were observed at 3 months. Nearly all symptoms related to pelvic organ prolapse resolved from baseline to to 3 months: buldge (92.3% to 7.7% , p < 0.001), dragging pain in lower abdomen (100% to 14.8% , p<0.001). Urinary symptoms voiding difficulty improved in 88% ( p<0.001), urinary urgency improved in 81.8% (p<0.001), urge and stress incontinence improved in 100% (p<0.001). Incomplete empting of bowel improved in 100%(p<0.001). During follow up 4(12.9%) women complain of vaginal discharge. At 3months 88.9% women were satisfied with pessary and 3(11.1%) were dissatisfied.
Conclusion: This study showed that treatment with use of ring pessary in women with pelvic organ prolapse had significant improvements in the symptoms with high satisfaction rate.
JCMCTA 2022 ; 33 (1) : 118-123
Factors Associated with Glycemic Control Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes at Chittagong Medical College Hospital
Authors: Aktar Parvin , Ali Mohammad Moharam , Akter Salma , Islam Md Hafizul , Tasnim Nayeema , Mandal Ripan Kumar , Haque Mahmudul 
Published: July 2023

Background: Glycemic control is the main therapeutic goal for the prevention of diabetes related complications. However, achieving optimal glycemic control on long term basis among patients with Type 2 diabetes remains challenging in developing countries like Bangladesh. The purpose of the study to determine the factors associated with glycemic control among patients with Type 2 diabetes at Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chattogram, Bangladesh.
Materials and methods: This cross sectional study included 120 patients with Type 2 diabetes aged 40-75 years who attended at Outpatient Department of Endocrinology, Chittagong Medical College Hospital between July 2020 to June 2021. Important variables in this study were socio-demographics, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, BMI, waist circumference, duration of DM, proteinuria and documented history of chronic complications. Patent’s HbA1c were categorized into good glycemic control <7% and poor glycemic control ³7%.
Results: 84.2% of the patient’s had poor glycemic control. The mean (±SEM) BMI, waist circumference, SBP, DBP, HbA1c and FBG were significantly higher in patients with poor glycemic control. Majority of patients with poor glycemic control were female and ³60 years old. Patients with a history of higher BMI (65.3%), waist circumference (85.1%), 10 years of diabetes (33%), combination of OHA and insulin (42.6%) had poor glycemic control. There was no significant association with glycemic control and family history of diabetes, history of smoking, other socio-demographic variables. Patients without complications and proteinuria had significantly better glycemic control.
Conclusion: The proportion of patients with poor glycemic control was high. Age, duration of diabetes, obesity, anti-diabetic agents and complications were associated with glycemic control.
JCMCTA 2022 ; 33 (1) : 132-137
Predictors of Outcome in Hospitalized Adult COVID-19 Patients Admitted to a Tertiary Hospital in Chattogram
Authors: Biswas Rajib , Karim Mirza Nurul , Ullah Enshad Ekram , Arif Mahmud Hasan , Chowdhury Moinuddin , Chowdhury Mohammad Abu Sayeed , Yusuf Sabrina , Johra Fatema Tooj 
Published: July 2023

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic emerged as a major public health emergency affecting the healthcare services all over the world. It is essential to analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 in different parts of our country. This study highlights clinical experience in managing patients with COVID-19 at a tertiary care centre in southeastern Bangladesh.
Materials and methods: Clinical characteristics and outcomes of consecutive 199 adult patients admitted to Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chattogram, Bangladesh, from February 1 to March 31, 2021 were studied in this prospective observational study. The diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on throat and/or nasopharyngeal swabs. All patients were managed according to the hospital’s consensus protocol and in accordance with National Guidelines on clinical management of COVID-19.
Results: The median age of the patients was 57 years (Range: 20-102 years) and 118 (59.3%) were male. One hundred and thirty two (67.3%) patients had associated comorbid condition and diabetes (44.7%) and hypertension (33.3%) were the most common. Majority (57.3%) was classified as having moderate severity and mortality of 10.1% (20 patients) was observed. Elderly age (>60 years), diabetes mellitus, elevated levels of D-dimer and neutrophillymphocyte ratio were the predictors of mortality.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that the mortality rate in elderly COVID-19 patients with comorbidity is high and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio could be a cost effective predictor of mortality in our context.
JCMCTA 2022 ; 33 (1) : 138-143
Accuracy of Frozen Section Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Ovarian Malignancy : An Institutional Experience
Authors: Sultana Ismat , Haque Mohammad Azizul , Sultana Nasrin , Sultana Nazmin , Nessa Badrun 
Published: July 2023

Background: Women with early-stage ovarian cancer need surgical staging, which entails taking samples from areas within the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal lymph nodes for further treatment. The frozen section is an essential and beneficial adjunct in the intraoperative diagnosis of ovarian tumors. The study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of frozen section biopsy in malignant lesions among ovarian masses.
Materials and methods: This was a cross sectional study. Thirty cases of ovarian masses from the patients who underwent laparotomy for ovarian massesat the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, from March 2014 to August 2014 were included in the study. Surgical specimens were first processed for frozen section reporting, then processed routinely for final paraffin section histopathology evaluation. Results of frozen and paraffin sections were categorized as benignand malignant, and the accuracy of the frozen section was determined.
Results: The mean age was found to be 35.6±12.4 years, with a range from 14 to 70 years. Frozen section biopsy for evaluation of ovarian masses, true positive was in 6 cases and no false, one false negative and true negative in 23 cases identified by histopathology. Frozen section biopsy has a sensitivity of 85.7%, specificity of 100.0%, accuracy of 96.7%, a positive predictive value of 100.0%, and a negative predictive value of 95.8% in the evaluation of malignant ovarian masses.
Conclusion: The present study confirms that frozen section diagnosis is a reliable method for the surgical management of patients with ovarian masses.
JCMCTA 2022 ; 33 (1) : 144-147
Association of Serum C-Peptide with the Components of Metabolic Syndrome among Non Diabetic Obese
Authors: Akter Shammi , Islam Md Hafizul , Haque Mahmudul , Tasnim Nayeema , Hasina Hafsa , Akther Mosammat Tanjina 
Published: July 2023

Background: Obesity is a major health concern and is associated with metabolic syndrome that increases the risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. C-peptide or connecting peptide, is a short polypeptide that connects A-chain of insulin to its B-chain in the proinsulin molecule. In different studies it was found that C-peptide level are associated with Metabolic Syndrome and its complication. C-peptide is also reported to be more reliable than insulin as a measure of endogenous insulin secretion, insulin resistance and pancreatic beta cell function. The aim of the study is to observe the association of C-peptide levels with the components of metabolic syndrome in non diabetic obese subjects.
Materials and methods: This was a hospital based cross- sectional study comprising hundred non diabetic apparently healthy obese subjects age between 30-70 years. This study was carried out at the Department of Biochemistry and Outpatient Department of endocrinology, Chittagong Medical College Hospital. Samples were collected by non-probability convenient sampling.
Results: Serum C-peptide was significantly higher in Metabolic Syndrome positive subjects (4.29 ±0.28 ng/ml) than non-Metabolic Syndrome (1.72 ± 0.12ng/ml). There was significant association between Metabolic Syndrome and increased serum C-peptide concentration. Serum Cpeptide levels were significantly associated and positively correlated with serum triglyceride, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose and negatively correlated with HDL-C in the cases.
Conclusion: However, this study did not find any significant association between WC (Waist Circumference) or HDL and Serum C-peptide concentration. Higher Cpeptide level was associated with the components of Metabolic Syndrome and BMI (obesity) was the most important factor affecting the C-peptide concentration to develop Metabolic Syndrome.
JCMCTA 2022 ; 33 (1) : 148-153
Association of Serum Ferritin with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Debnath Keya , Hossain Fawzia , Haque Nadira , Hosain Nazmul , Islam Fahmida , Rumi Badrunnahar , Sumona Rezwana Haque , Haque Shakila , Aziz Tabinda Anzum 
Published: July 2023

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic disorder during pregnancy and is associated with increased maternal and neonatal morbidity. There are many serum markers known to be associated with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). High serum ferritin level has been associated with the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus. The aim of the study was to investigate the association of serum ferritin levels with GDM.
Materials and methods: This case control study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Dhaka, Bangladesh between February 2018 and January 2019. A total of 120 pregnant women between 18 and 35 years of age attending outdoor antenatal clinic in their second or third trimester of pregnancy were included in this study. Among them 60 diagnosed cases of GDM were consider as group A and rest 60 (Without GDM) were considered as group B. Serum ferritin concentration was measured in all of these patients. Statistical analysis of the results was obtained by using window based computer software devised with Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS-22).
Results: The mean serum ferritin level was 124.1±14.7 ng/ml and 87.4±18.9 ng/ml in group A and group B respectively. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05) between two groups. More than half (55.0%) patients had serum ferritin level >120 ng/ml in group A and 15(25.0%) in group B. Serum ferritin level >120 ng/ml had 3.67 (95.0% C.I. 1.58 to 8.60) times significantly (p<0.05) increase to developed gestational diabetes mellitus. There was a significant positive correlation between serum ferritin and fasting plasma glucose (r=0.445, p=0.001) in GDM patients. Similarly, a significant positive correlation between serum ferritin and 2-h after plasma glucose level following 75g oral glucose (r=0.427, p=0.001) in GDM patients.
Conclusion: A significant positive association was found between GDM and maternal serum ferritin levels.
JCMCTA 2022 ; 33 (1) : 154-159