bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Making Sense of AI-Infused Systems. Framing Current Design Challenges
Authors: Spallazzo Davide , Sciannamè Martina , Ceconello Mauro 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The chapter portrays the state of the art of AI-infused products, that while offering exciting novelties in terms of user experience, offer present difficulties to exploit their full potential. The core and peculiar qualities of AI-infused products are primarily explored. The chapter further frames the current and unique challenges they present to their design and new interaction paradigms they introduce in the user experience. The chapter finally questions the necessity of a rethinking of traditional UX evaluation methods to accommodate these emerging design challenges.
UX Dimensions for AI. Past and Future Perspectives
Authors: Spallazzo Davide , Sciannamè Martina , Ceconello Mauro 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter offers a comprehensive overview and systematic analysis of current UX evaluation methods with the objective to identify relevant dimensions to describe the qualities of AI-infused products and possible gaps. The state of the art is grounded on an umbrella review of previous consistent studies, a scoping review of about 130 UX evaluation methods, and a systematic literature review on the assessment of AI-based systems. This preliminary investigation substantiated the need of new, specific qualities to properly assess the UX of AI-infused products, and eight primary UX dimensions have been identified as a starting point for more experimental studies.
Decoherence is an Echo of Anderson Localization in Open Quantum Systems
Authors: Klausen Frederik Ravn , Warzel Simone 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We study the time evolution of single-particle quantum states described by a Lindblad master equation with local terms. By means of a geometric resolvent equation derived for Lindblad generators, we establish a finite-volume-type criterion for the decay of the off-diagonal matrix elements in the position basis of the time-evolved or steady states. This criterion is shown to yield exponential decay for systems where the non-hermitian evolution is either gapped or strongly disordered. The gap exists, for example, whenever any level of local dephasing is present in the system. The result in the disordered case can be viewed as an extension of Anderson localization to open quantum systems.
First real-world clinical experience with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer beyond VISION and TheraP criteria
Authors: Ling Sui wai , de Lussanet de la Sablonière Quido , Ananta Michael , de Blois Erik , Koolen Stijn L. W. , Drexhage Roosmarijn C. , Hofland Johannes , Robbrecht Debbie G. J. , van der Veldt Astrid A M , Verburg Frederik A , Brabander Tessa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
To report real-world clinical experience with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) in a single tertiary referral university hospital.

Methods
Patients with mCRPC who were treated with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T TRT as standard of care between February 2022 and August 2023 were included in this retrospective study. Patients were treated with a maximum of six cycles with a fixed activity of 7.4 GBq/100µg [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T per cycle.

Results
50 patients with mCRPC were included, of them 84% had prior therapy with two lines of taxane-based chemotherapy treated and at least one line of androgen receptor signaling inhibitor. A total of 126 cycles with a median of 2 cycles (IQR 1–6) [ 177Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T were administered per patient. PSA declines of ≥ 50% and ≥ 70% were achieved in 16% and 10% of the patients, respectively. Radiological response was achieved in 11% of the patients. In total, 68 treatment-related Adverse Events (TRAEs) were observed, mainly grade 1–2 in 88% of cases. Grade 3/4 TRAEs were observed in 12% of cases. No grade 3 or higher xerostomia was reported. Median progression-free survival was 7.7 months (95% CI 4.0-11.3) and median overall survival was 8.1 months (95% CI 5.0-11.3).

Conclusion
In heavily pretreated patients with mCRPC, treatment of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T TRT is well tolerated and safe, but real-world efficacy of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA appears lower compared to data from recent phase-3 clinical trials using a different radioligand [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617. Further studies may show whether patients with mCRPC benefit more from [177Lu]Lu-PSMA when initiated at an earlier stage of treatment.
Cerebrovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis patients: insights from carotid artery atherosclerosis in the Paracelsus 10,000 study
Authors: Ausserwinkler Mathias , Gensluckner Sophie , Frey Vanessa , Gostner Isabella , Paulweber Bernhard , Trinka Eugen , Langthaler Patrick , Datz Christian , Iglseder Bernhard , Thiel Jens , Neumann Hans-Joerg , Flamm Maria , Aigner Elmar , Wernly Bernhard 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease marked by systemic inflammation. While RA primarily affects the joints, its systemic effects may lead to an increased cerebro- and cardiovascular risk. Atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries is a significant risk factor for cerebrovascular events and serves as a surrogate marker for cardiovascular risk. This study explores the link between RA and carotid artery atherosclerosis with data from the Paracelsus 10,000 Study. Baseline assessments were conducted on individuals randomly selected from Salzburg and its surrounding regions. Participants diagnosed with RA based on ACR-EULAR classification criteria and who underwent carotid artery ultrasound were included. Data were gathered from a total of 9729 participants, among whom 299 were diagnosed with RA. Carotid arteries were examined using ultrasound imaging. The primary endpoint was the difference in the prevalence of plaque presence between the RA and non-RA groups. One univariate (Model I) and three multivariate analyses were conducted, with adjustments in Model II incorporating SCORE 2, while Model III accounted for metabolic syndrome, age and sex. Additionally, Model IV included further adjustments for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Plaque presence was defined as the ultrasound detection of plaque formation larger than 0 mm2, regardless of whether it was unilateral or bilateral. Additional assessments included carotid stenosis, intima-media thickness (IMT) and total plaque area (TPA). RA patients had a higher prevalence of plaque (50%) compared to non-RA individuals (38%). The odds ratio (OR) for plaque presence in RA patients versus non-RA individuals was 1.64 (95% CI 1.30–2.06). This association persisted after adjusting for SCORE2, with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 1.65 (95% CI 1.26–2.15). The association remained significant when adjusting for metabolic syndrome, age and sex (aOR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.02–1.72) and also in Model IV, which included further adjustment for hs-CRP (OR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.02–1.74). The findings underscore an increased risk of cerebrovascular disease associated with RA. This study highlights the importance of thorough cerebrovascular and cardiovascular risk assessments, along with proactive management, for RA patients to reduce this risk. Recognizing the substantial impact of RA on stroke and cerebrovascular disease is important for enhancing patient care strategies. Carotid ultrasound appears to be an effective method for atherosclerosis screening in RA patients.
The rhizosphere bacteriome is modified by wheat genotype and growth stage under increased imidazolinone herbicide residues
Authors: Dzoma Bernard B. , Zhou Yi , Wilhelm Nigel , Denton Matthew 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
When imidazolinone herbicides persist longer than intended and remain active in the soil, they can have unknown impacts on soil health. This study investigated the impact of simulated soil residues of an imidazolinone herbicide on shoot dry matter and bacterial communities in the bulk and rhizosphere soil in tolerant and susceptible wheat genotypes, at two different crop growth stages. Four levels of gradient increased herbicide residues were applied, and rhizosphere bacterial diversity and community composition were analysed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Our results highlight that the shift in wheat rhizosphere bacteriome is driven more by the crop growth stage and wheat genotype than the presence and level of imidazolinone residues. Results showed a linear trend of increasing alpha diversity with increasing herbicide residues during the early crop growth stage, and a decrease in alpha diversity with increasing herbicide residues during the late crop growth stage, only for the tolerant genotype. The order Betaproteobacteriales in the rhizosphere was increased by herbicide residues to a greater extent than the other taxonomic groups. During the early growth stage, there were more ASV (amplicon sequence variant) enriched by imidazolinone herbicide residues in the rhizosphere of the tolerant genotype compared with the susceptible genotype. Future research work should consider studies with soils that have different physicochemical properties, and focus on other soil microbes of known significance to nutrient cycling and crop growth.
The global, regional, and national disease burden of colorectal cancer attributable to low physical activity from 1990 to 2021: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Authors: Lian Yanxue , Alruwaili Alwaleed M. , Luo Pincheng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
This study aims to estimate the spatiotemporal variation in the burden of colorectal cancer (CRC) attributable to low physical activity (LPA) at global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2021.

Study design
Cross-sectional study.

Methods
Annual data on deaths of CRC related to LPA, age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and the age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021 was extracted from the Global Health Data Exchange website. They were retrieved by age (5-year age groups from 25 to 94 years, and 95+ years), gender (male and female), and Socio-demographic Index (SDI). The association between age-standardized rates and SDI values was assessed by Spearman’s correlation.

Results
Between 1990 and 2021, there was nearly a twofold increase in DALYs and mortality globally for CRC related to LPA, despite decreases in ASMR and ASDR (EAPC: −0.82% and −0.83%, respectively). However, on a national scale, ASMR and ASDR increased in more than half of the world’s countries and territories. Moreover, a greater burden of CRC related to LPA was observed in older populations, females, and those residing in regions with an SDI near 0.77.

Conclusion
These findings indicate the critical need to raise awareness about the preventive role of physical activity in CRC. Policymakers should prioritize developing and implementing strategies that ensure equitable access to sports resources, enabling more people to meet the World Health Organization guidelines.
Automatic pruning rate adjustment for dynamic token reduction in vision transformer
Authors: Ishibashi Ryuto , Meng Lin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Vision Transformer (ViT) has demonstrated excellent accuracy in image recognition and has been actively studied in various fields. However, ViT requires a large matrix multiplication called Attention, which is computationally expensive. Since the computational cost of Self-Attention used in ViT increases quadratically with the number of tokens, research to reduce the computational cost by pruning the number of tokens has been active in recent years. To prune tokens, it is necessary to set the pruning rate, and in many studies, the pruning rate is set manually. However, it is difficult to manually determine the optimal pruning rate because the appropriate pruning rate varies from task to task. In this study, we propose a method to solve this problem. The proposed pruning rate adjustment adjusts the pruning rate so that the training loss is converged by Gradient-Aware Scaling (GAS). In addition, we propose Variable Proportional Attention (VPA) for Top-K, a general-purpose token pruning method, to mitigate the performance loss due to pruning. For the CIFAR-10 dataset, several competitive pruning methods improve recognition accuracy over manually setting the pruning rate; eTPS+Adjust on Hybrid ViT-S achieves 99.01% Accuracy with -31.68% FLOPs. Furthermore, Top-K+VPA outperforms token merging when the pruning rate is large for trained ViT-L inference on ImageNet-1k and has superior scalability in the Accuracy-Latency relation. In particular, when Top-K+VPA is applied to ViT-L on a GPU environment with a pruning rate of 6%, it achieves 80.62% Accuracy on the ImageNet-1k dataset with -50.44% FLOPs and -46.8% Latency.
View: visual imitation learning with waypoints
Authors: Jonnavittula Ananth , Parekh Sagar , P. Losey Dylan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Robots can use visual imitation learning (VIL) to learn manipulation tasks from video demonstrations. However, translating visual observations into actionable robot policies is challenging due to the high-dimensional nature of video data. This challenge is further exacerbated by the morphological differences between humans and robots, especially when the video demonstrations feature humans performing tasks. To address these problems we introduce Visual Imitation lEarning with Waypoints (VIEW), an algorithm that significantly enhances the sample efficiency of human-to-robot VIL. VIEW achieves this efficiency using a multi-pronged approach: extracting a condensed prior trajectory that captures the demonstrator’s intent, employing an agent-agnostic reward function for feedback on the robot’s actions, and utilizing an exploration algorithm that efficiently samples around waypoints in the extracted trajectory. VIEW also segments the human trajectory into grasp and task phases to further accelerate learning efficiency. Through comprehensive simulations and real-world experiments, VIEW demonstrates improved performance compared to current state-of-the-art VIL methods. VIEW enables robots to learn manipulation tasks involving multiple objects from arbitrarily long video demonstrations. Additionally, it can learn standard manipulation tasks such as pushing or moving objects from a single video demonstration in under 30 min, with fewer than 20 real-world rollouts. Code and videos here: https://collab.me.vt.edu/view/
Lagrangian Stochastic Modeling of Unstable Atmospheric Surface Layer
Authors: Shin Jihoon , Baik Jong-Jin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study evaluates the performance of a recently developed Lagrangian stochastic model (LSM), which solves the transport equations for turbulence probability density functions (PDFs), for simulating the unstable atmospheric surface layer (ASL). The simulated statistics are compared with the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory (MOST) predictions for mean gradients, standard deviations, turbulent Prandtl number, turbulence kinetic energy budgets, and turbulence PDFs. The LSM successfully captures many aspects of ASL structure and turbulence characteristics, particularly the mean gradients and standard deviations of potential temperature, specific humidity, and vertical velocity, which align closely with MOST predictions. However, the model shows limitations in reproducing the stability dependency of mean gradients of horizontal wind speed. Additionally, the model underestimates the probability of high vertical velocity fluctuations, leading to underprediction of turbulent transport and thermal convection initiation. The simulated turbulent Prandtl number shows dependency on stability but is generally weaker than MOST predictions. The study identifies that the parameterizations of dissipation, pressure redistribution, and pressure transport need to be enhanced to ensure that they have correct stability dependency, in order to improve the model’s accuracy in simulating the ASL.
Hidden Bias, Overt Impact: A Systematic Review of the Empirical Literature on Racial Microaggressions at Work
Authors: Newman Alexander , Chrispal Snehanjali , Dunwoodie Karen , Macaulay Luke 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article presents a systematic review of literature on workplace racial microaggressions. Increasingly, workplaces around the world have made concerted efforts to foster diversity, equity, and inclusion in their workforces. However, racial discrimination is a social issue that continues to be endemic to the workplace—including, yet not limited to, the prevalence of racial microaggressions. These microaggressions can, at times, be covert, and undertaken sometimes without the explicit awareness or intention of the perpetrator. Yet, the consequences of these can be very real for the person impacted (the target), which include diminished wellbeing, job satisfaction, and career progression. To capture the overall trends and themes that empirical research has examined related to workplace racial microaggressions, a systematic review of 48 scholarly peer-reviewed articles on the topic was conducted. The review highlights how racial microaggressions have been conceptualized and measured in previous work, and critically examines empirical findings to date. The systematic review reveals that more work needs to be done to advance our understanding of this field of inquiry. To address this, a future research agenda based on identified gaps in the literature is articulated which highlights opportunities for advancement of the literature. Addressing these gaps will provide actionable insights for organizations in addressing the insidious social issue of racial microaggressions in the workplace, and support scholars in the development of future work.
Far Transfer of Metacognitive Regulation: From Cognitive Learning Strategy Use to Mental Effort Regulation
Authors: Wirth Joachim , Weber-Reuter Xenia-Lea , Schuster Corinna , Fleischer Jens , Leutner Detlev , Stebner Ferdinand 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Training of self-regulated learning is most effective if it supports learning strategies in combination with metacognitive regulation, and learners can transfer their acquired metacognitive regulation skills to different tasks that require the use of the same learning strategy (near transfer). However, whether learners can transfer metacognitive regulation skills acquired in combination with a specific learning strategy to the regulation of a different learning strategy (far transfer) is still under debate. While there is empirical evidence that learners can transfer metacognitive regulation between different learning strategies of the same type (e.g., from one cognitive learning strategy to another), whether transfer also occurs between learning strategies of different types is an open question. Here, we conducted an experimental field study with 5th and 6th grade students (N = 777). Students were cluster-randomized and assigned to one of three groups: two experimental groups receiving different training on the metacognitive regulation of a cognitive learning strategy and one control group receiving no training. After training, students worked on two different tasks; after each task, we measured their metacognitive regulation of a resource management strategy, that is, investing mental effort. Results (based on data from 368 students due to pandemic conditions) indicated far metacognitive regulation transfer: After training, students in the training groups were better able to metacognitively regulate their mental effort than students in the control group. Although effect sizes were small, our results support the hypothesis of far transfer of metacognitive regulation.
Development of Science Attitude Scale for Middle School Students with Special Needs Studying in Inclusive Education Program
Authors: Kolomuç Ali , Demir Sağlam Münire 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The attitudes of students with special needs towards science course may not be the same as other students due to their individual differences, and science attitude scales in the literature may not be subjective enough to express their attitudes. It is believed that the development of a customized scale to measure the attitudes of students with special needs towards science course will contribute to both teachers and students and to the literature. This study aimed to develop a valid and reliable science attitude scale for secondary school students with special needs in inclusive education. In addition, the developed science scale was also used to investigate how the variables of duration of support education, gender, grade level and number of siblings of students with special needs affect the science attitudes of secondary school students with special needs in inclusive education. The scale was administered to 310 middle school students receiving inclusive education in 10 different cities in Turkey in the 2021–2022 academic year. A 5-point Likert-type scale was used within the cross-sectional survey model. In the first stage of the scale development process, the theoretical infrastructure of attitudes towards science was formed by examining the relevant national and international literature. After the science attitude scale was checked by the experts, necessary corrections were made for the final form of the scale. During the preparation of the scale, a literature review was conducted, expert opinions were received, and the attitudes scale was created as a result of necessary corrections and analyses of obtained the data. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were performed to reveal the construct validity of the attitudes scale. According to the results of the analysis of the one-dimensional and 10-item scale, it was seen that the model fitted well with the data set and the reliability coefficients were acceptable values. To examine the “Science Attitude Scale for Inclusion Students” in terms of some variables, it was applied to 95 middle school students with special needs in inclusive education. The effects of gender differences, receiving support education in support rooms, support education duration, and the number of sibling were analyzed via t-test and the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results showed that the scale had a valid and reliable structure, and student’s grade level and support education status affected students’ attitudes. It can be recommended to carry out similar studies with different sample groups and different variables that may affect the attitudes of students with special needs.