bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between 21-gene-assay and detection of disseminated tumor cells in patients with early breast cancer: results from the IRMA trial
Authors: Volmer Léa L. , Dannehl Dominik , Engler Tobias , Hahn Markus , Walter Christina B. , Wallwiener Markus , Brucker Sara Y. , Taran Florin-Andrei , Hartkopf Andreas D. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in the bone marrow (BM) are known to be of prognostic value for patients with early breast cancer (EBC). In addition to histopathological features, multigene expression assays, such as the commercially available 21-gene Breast Recurrence Score® assay, have been validated for evaluating prognosis and making decisions concerning adjuvant treatment in EBC. In a previous retrospective study from our group, the 21-gene assay was shown to be associated with DTC-detection. A secondary endpoint of the prospective IRMA trial was to evaluate the association between Recurrence Score® (RS) result and tumor cell dissemination in patients with EBC.

Methods
DTC-status and RS result were assessed in patients with ER-positive/HER2-negative EBC with 0–3 pathologic lymph nodes who underwent primary surgical treatment at the Department for Women’s Health of Tuebingen University, Germany.

Results
Patients with a high RS result (≥ 26) were more frequently DTC-positive (22.6%) than patients with a low RS result (8.6%, p = 0.034). The odds for DTC-positivity increased with rising RS values (p = 0.047).

Conclusion
We therefore confirm that a high genomic risk is associated with tumor cell dissemination into the BM. Further trials are needed to investigate whether therapeutic decisions could be further individualized by combining DTC-status and prognostic gene signature testing.
An easily computable upper bound on the Hoffman constant for homogeneous inequality systems
Authors: Peña Javier F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLet $$A\in {\mathbb R}^{m\times n}\setminus \{0\}$$

A
∈

R

m
×
n

\

{
0
}

and $$P:=\{x:Ax\le 0\}$$

P
:
=
{
x
:
A
x
≤
0
}

. This paper provides a procedure to compute an upper bound on the following homogeneous Hoffman constant$$\begin{aligned} H_0(A):= \sup _{u\in {\mathbb R}^n \setminus P} \frac{{{\,\textrm{dist}\,}}(u,P)}{{{\,\textrm{dist}\,}}(Au, {\mathbb R}^m_-)}. \end{aligned}$$

H
0

(
A
)

:
=

sup

u
∈

R

n

\
P

dist

(
u
,
P
)

dist

(
A
u
,

R

-
m

)

.

In sharp contrast to the intractability of computing more general Hoffman constants, the procedure described in this paper is entirely tractable and easily implementable.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Suicide Prevention Gatekeeper Trainings as Part of an American Indian/Alaska Native Youth Suicide Prevention Program
Authors: Mueller-Williams Amelia C. , Hopson Jennifer , Momper Sandra L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAccording to the Centers for Disease Control suicide rates in 2022 for American Indian/Alaska Native youth are 2.5 times higher than the national average. An Urban Indian Health Organization’s response to this crisis was to provide community and State-wide Gatekeeper trainings between 2012 and 2019 to teach trainees (N = 810) to respond appropriately to youth at-risk of suicide. We report data on pre-, post-, and six-month follow-up surveys with trainees. Data were analyzed using generalized linear models repeated measures to test within-subject, and between-subject mean score changes on suicide prevention-related measures “knowledge,” “ask directly,” “respond,” “comfort,” and “preparedness.” Results indicated improved capacity to be prepared to address suicide in the short term and that having a graduate degree enhanced baseline suicide prevention knowledge. Over time those with less education benefited the most and better retained content. Future Trainings should engage young people and those with less education to realize the largest benefit.
A unidirectional mapping of ICD-8 to ICD-10 codes, for harmonized longitudinal analysis of diseases
Authors: Pedersen Mette Krogh , Eriksson Robert , Reguant Roc , Collin Catherine , Pedersen Helle Krogh , Sørup Freja Karuna Hemmingsen , Simon Christian , Birch Anna Marie , Larsen Michael , Nielsen Anna Pors , Belling Kirstine , Brunak Søren 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPeriodic revisions of the international classification of diseases (ICD) ensure that the classification reflects new practices and knowledge; however, this complicates retrospective research as diagnoses are coded in different versions. For longitudinal disease trajectory studies, a crosswalk is an essential tool and a comprehensive mapping between ICD-8 and ICD-10 has until now been lacking. In this study, we map all ICD-8 morbidity codes to ICD-10 in the expanded Danish ICD version. We mapped ICD-8 codes to ICD-10, using a many-to-one system inspired by general equivalence mappings such that each ICD-8 code maps to a single ICD-10 code. Each ICD-8 code was manually and unidirectionally mapped to a single ICD-10 code based on medical setting and context. Each match was assigned a score (1 of 4 levels) reflecting the quality of the match and, if applicable, a “flag” signalling choices made in the mapping. We provide the first complete mapping of the 8596 ICD-8 morbidity codes to ICD-10 codes. All Danish ICD-8 codes representing diseases were mapped and 5106 (59.4%) achieved the highest consistency score. Only 334 (3.9%) of the ICD-8 codes received the lowest mapping consistency score. The mapping provides a scaffold for translation of ICD-8 to ICD-10, which enable longitudinal disease studies back to and 1969 in Denmark and to 1965 internationally with further adaption.
Microbial genome (Illumina MiSeq) sequencing of drinking water treatment residuals to evaluate compatibility with environmental applications
Authors: Turner Tomi , Tonge Daniel , Glanville Helen C. , Wheeler Rebecca , Oliver Ian W. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe clarification of drinking water leads to the production of large quantities of water treatment residuals (WTRs). DNA was extracted from six WTR samples collected from water treatment plants within the UK to compare their bacterial communities and examine whether factors such as coagulant usage (aluminium versus iron salt), the type of water source (reservoir or river), or leachable chemical composition influence these communities. Bacterial 16S variable region 4 (V4) was amplified and sequenced using Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The most abundant phyla in WTR samples were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, and Firmicutes, collectively representing 92.77–97.8% of the total bacterial sequences. Statistical analysis of microbial profiles indicated that water source played a significant role in microbial community structure, diversity, and richness, however coagulant type did not. PERMANOVA analysis showed that no single chemical variable (pH, organic matter, or extractable element concentration) influenced microbial composition significantly; however, canonical correspondence analysis of WTR microbiomes yielded a model using all these variables that could be used to explain variations in microbial community structures of WTRs (p < 0.05). No common, potentially toxic cyanobacteria, or related pathogens of concern were found. Analysis with PICRUSt showed that WTRs all had similar predicted microbial functional profiles. Overall, the results indicate that WTRs analysed in this study are unlikely to pose any threat to soil microbial community structure when applied to land as a soil conditioner or enhancer and may help to enhance the soil microbial community.
An automated detection of confusing variable pairs with highly similar compound names in Java and Python programs
Authors: Aman Hirohisa , Amasaki Sousuke , Yokogawa Tomoyuki , Kawahara Minoru 
Published: August 2023

AbstractVariable names represent a significant source of information regarding the source code, and a successful naming of variables is key to producing readable code. Programmers often use a compound variable name by concatenating two or more words to make it more informative and enhance the code readability. While each compound variable name is descriptive, a collection of them sometimes produces “confusing” variable pairs if their names are highly similar, e.g., “shippingHeight,” vs. “shippingWeight.” A confusing variable pair would adversely affect the code readability because it can cause a misreading or mix-up of variables during the programming or code review activities. Toward automated support for enhancing code readability, this paper conducts a large-scale investigation of compound variable names in Java and Python programs. The investigation collects 116,921,127 pairs of compound-named variables from 1,876 open-source Java projects and 106,943,523 pairs of such variables from 2,427 open-source Python projects. Then, this study analyzes those variable pairs from two perspectives of name similarity: string similarity and semantic similarity. Through an evaluation study with 30 human participants, the data analyses show that both string and semantic similarity can help detect confusing variable pairs in Java and Python programs. In order to distill confusing variable pairs automatically, support tools for detecting confusing variable pairs are also developed in this study.
Water Spray Fire Suppression Tests Comparing Gasoline-Fuelled and Battery Electric Vehicles
Authors: Arvidson Magnus , Westlund Örjan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe increased use of electric vehicles has raised a concern about the performance efficiency of water spray fire suppression systems (often denoted “drencher systems”) typically installed on ro–ro cargo and ro–ro passenger ships. A test series was conducted involving testing of two pairs of geometrically similar gasoline-fuelled and battery electric vehicles in test conditions as equivalent as possible. During testing, key parameters such as the heat release rate, the gas temperature above the vehicle and the surface temperature of target steel sheet screens at the sides of the vehicle were measured. Fire ignition was arranged in such a way that the gasoline fuel or the battery pack was involved at the initial stage of the fire. It is concluded that fires in the two types of vehicles are different but have similarities. However, a fire in a battery electric vehicle does not seem to be more challenging than a fire in a gasoline-fuelled vehicle for a drencher system designed in accordance with current international recommendations.
Differential impacts of post-harvest hydrothermal treatments on chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of two brown macroalgae (Fucales, Phaeophyceae), Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus, for animal feed applications
Authors: Pandey Deepak , Næss Geir , Fonseca António J. M. , Maia Margarida R. G. , Cabrita Ana R. J. , Khanal Prabhat 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study tested the hypothesis that post-harvest hot water blanching improves the chemical composition, mainly mineral and carbohydrate contents, and in vitro digestibility of two predominant brown macroalgae, Ascophyllum nodosum (AN) and Fucus vesiculosus (FV), as feed ingredients for monogastric and ruminant animals. Low-temperature water blanching (LTB; 40 °C for 5 min) had minor impacts on macroalgal chemical composition and in vitro digestibility. Conversely, high-temperature water blanching (HTB; 80 °C for 5 min) effectively reduced total ash and specific elements, including sodium, potassium, iodine, and arsenic, by ~ 25–73% compared to unblanched algal biomass (more prominently in FV). The HTB raised total sugar contents by ~ 25% in FV, markedly elevating uronic acids (~ 60%) and glucans (~ 33%). However, HTB reduced mannitol (> 50%) and enhanced total polyphenol extractability in both macroalgae. The HTB diminished ~ 8% of in vitro dry matter or organic matter digestibility and 26% of crude protein (CP) digestibility of both macroalgae for monogastric animals and of FV for ruminants (particularly of CP by ~ 42%). Those reduced digestibilities were associated with enriched fibre, uronic acids, total polyphenols, and declined mannitol in the HT-blanched macroalgal biomass. Our findings suggest that hot-water blanching can be an efficient technique to optimise the elemental composition of two fucoid algae, but the altered sugar and complex carbohydrate compositions may impair their digestibility. Future studies should identify appropriate post-harvest processing techniques for brown macroalgae that can optimise both nutritional composition and digestibility along with favourable impacts on feed utilisation and animal performance.
Effects of light quality and intensity on growth and bromoform content of the red seaweed Asparagopsis taxiformis
Authors: Torres Raquel , Campos Ana M. , Goldman Jacob , Barrote Isabel , Mata Leonardo , Silva João 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSpecies of the genus Asparagopsis are rich in halogenated bioactive compounds, particularly bromoform. Its use as a feed additive in ruminant livestock drastically decreases the animal’s methane production, thereby reducing the industry’s environmental impact. Addressing the high demand for Asparagopsis biomass requires the understanding of the culture conditions that promote higher growth rates and bromoform content. Here we evaluated how different light quality combinations (High-Blue:Red, Medium Blue:Red, High-Blue:Green:Red, and White) and four light intensities (30, 60, 90 and 120 μmol photons m−2 s−1) affect the growth and bromoform content of the Asparagopsis taxiformis tetrasporophyte in indoor tumbling cultures at two biomass densities. We also assessed the effect of light intensity on the photosynthetic response by measuring oxygen evolution rates. Light spectra containing intermediate wavelengths promoted higher growth, regardless of biomass density. Of the different light qualities tested, white light promoted the highest bromoform content. Increasing light intensity led to a positive response in A. taxiformis growth. However, the photosynthetic parameters estimated showed that the two higher light intensity treatments were above the saturation irradiance, for both culture densities. This, along with the observed development of contamination, suggests that long-term cultures of A. taxiformis should be maintained at light intensities no higher than 60 μmol photons m−2 s−1. In addition, we found that exposing cultures to higher irradiances does not guarantee a bromoform-richer biomass. These results offer valuable insights for optimizing biomass and bioactive compound production in indoor cultures of the Asparagopsis genus.
Quantifying ant diversity and community in a subalpine forest mosaic: a comparison of two methods
Authors: Zhang Chuan-Jing , Cheng Yi-Ting , Luo Xian-Shu , Chen Yao , He Yu-Chao , Li Yan-Pang , Huang Zhi-Pang , Scott Matthew B. , Xiao Wen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSampling efficiency, composition and detection biases associated with pitfall-trap and sample plot (standardised hand-collecting) methods were compared at seven high montane sites at Lasha Mountain, Yunnan, China. Rarefaction-interpolation curves showed total species diversity and sample coverage from each method were undifferentiated. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance showed highly overlapping communities. However, of all species collected, just 53% of all species found were shared between the two methods; 30% were exclusive to sample plot samples and 17% were exclusive to pitfall traps. Modelled comparisons of species richness (alpha) and proportion of species from the population (beta diversity) showed differences between methods. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance blocked by site showed community composition differed between methods, defined largely by the presence of a few dominant species.Implications for insect conservation: Our findings suggest that results from the two methods cannot be directly compared and are imperfect substitutes to one another. For long-term monitoring of biodiversity in complex forest mosaic systems, we suggest integrating a suite of complementary methods to achieve more complete representation of ant composition and diversity.
Various mechanisms for double capture from helium targets by alpha particles
Authors: Belkić Dževad 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAn analysis is presented using six quantum-mechanical four-body distorted wave (DW) theories for double capture (DC) in ion-atom collisions at intermediate and high energies. They all satisfy the correct boundary conditions in the entrance and exit channels. This implies the usage of short-range perturbation potentials in compliance with the exact behaviors of scattering wave functions at infinitely large separations of particles. Specifically, total cross sections Q are analyzed for collisions of alpha particles with helium targets. Regarding the relative quantitative performance of the studied DW theories at different impact energies E, our main focus is on the sensitivity of Q to various collisional mechanisms. The usual mechanism in most DW theories assumes that both electrons undergo the same type of collisions with nuclei. These are either single or double collisions in one or two steps, respectively, per channel, but without their mixture in either channel. The signatures of double collisions in differential cross sections are the Thomas peaks. By definition, these cannot be produced by single collisions. There is another DC pathway, which is actually favored by the existing experimental data. It is a hybrid, two-center mechanism which, in each channel separately, combines a single collision for one electron with a double collision for the other electron. The ensuing DW theory is called the four-body single-double scattering (SDS-4B) method. It appears that this mechanism in the SDS-4B method is more probable than double collisions for each electron in both channels predicted by the four-body continuum distorted wave (CDW-4B) method. This is presently demonstrated for Q at energies E=[200,8000] keV in DC exemplified by alpha particles colliding with helium targets.
An efficient approximation to the Cauchy radius
Authors: Melman A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Cauchy radius of a scalar polynomial is an upper bound on the magnitude of its zeros, and it is optimal among all bounds depending only on the moduli of the coefficients. It has the disadvantage of being implicit because it requires the solution of a nonlinear equation. In this note, simple and explicit upper bounds are derived that are useful approximations to the Cauchy radius. The general approach to obtain the aforementioned bounds is to embed scalar polynomials into the larger framework of their generalization to matrix polynomials and then use bounds on the eigenvalues of the latter.
Structuralism and informal provability
Authors: Schiemer Georg , Wigglesworth John 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMathematical structuralism can be understood as a theory of mathematical ontology, of the objects that mathematics is about. It can also be understood as a theory of the semantics for mathematical discourse, of how and to what mathematical terms refer. In this paper we propose an epistemological interpretation of mathematical structuralism. According to this interpretation, the main epistemological claim is that mathematical knowledge is purely structural in character; mathematical statements contain purely structural information. To make this more precise, we invoke a notion that is central to mathematical epistemology, the notion of (informal) proof. Appealing to the notion of proof, an epistemological version of the structuralist thesis can be formulated as: Every mathematical statement that is provable expresses purely structural information. We introduce a bi-modal framework that formalizes the notions of structural information and informal provability in order to draw connections between them and confirm that the epistemological structuralist thesis holds.
Influence of Counter-Face Grit Size and Lubricant on the Abrasive Wear Behaviour of Thermoplastic Polymers Reinforced with Glass Fibres
Authors: Zaghloul Moustafa Mahmoud Yousry , Steel Karen , Veidt Martin , Martin Darren , Firouzi Mahshid , Heitzmann Michael T. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThermoplastic composite materials are widely used for aerospace, automobile and structural applications due to their good combination of high strength to weight ratio and specific modulus. Combined with the ease of melt processing, good resistance to corrosion, low friction, and noise damping are attributes which make them a popular choice in a wide range of emerging applications. Random, short-fibre, E-glass fibre reinforced Polyamide 6 (PA6) composites were manufactured by injection moulding in three different fibre volume fractions (25%, 33% and 50%) and the samples were scanned using micro-CT. The tribological properties of PA6 and glass fibre reinforced PA6 were investigated in the abrasive wear mode by using a pin-on-disc test setup. The tests were done at an abrading distance of 257 m and applied load of 10 N. The abrasive wear experiments were performed against three abrasive grit size papers (220, 500 and 1000 grit), to ascertain the wear response of the studied materials with respect to these adverse running conditions. Moreover, the mechanical properties of PA6 and PA6 composites were examined using tensile testing and compression testing. The surface roughness of the worn surfaces was analysed using a 3D digital profilometer. The worn surface topographies were scanned using field emission scanning electron microscopy. It was observed that the optimum fibre loading that was associated with the highest wear resistance was 33% volume fraction of glass fibres, and the wear performance deteriorated with higher fibre loadings. The increase in the grit size showed a significant reduction to the wear rates of all compositions. The results confirmed that the wear performance of polyamide composites is highly dependent on the tribological system under which it is being tested.
Graphical Abstract
Prevalence and associated factors of frailty in patients with chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional analysis of PEAKING study
Authors: Yang Changyuan , Xiao Cuixia , Zeng Jiahao , Duan Ruolan , Ling Xitao , Qiu Jiamei , Li Qin , Qin Xindong , Zhang La , Huang Jiasheng , He Jiawei , Wu Yifan , Liu Xusheng , Hou Haijing , Lindholm Bengt , Lu Fuhua , Su Guobin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Aim
Frailty is common and is reported to be associated with adverse outcomes in patients with chronic diseases in Western countries. However, the prevalence of frailty remains unclear in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in China. We examined the prevalence of frailty and factors associated with frailty in patients with CKD.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional analysis of 177 adult patients (mean age 54 ± 15 years, 52% men) with CKD from the open cohort entitled Physical Evaluation and Adverse outcomes for patients with chronic Kidney disease IN Guangdong (PEAKING). Frailty at baseline were assessed by FRAIL scale which included five items: fatigue, resistance, ambulation, illnesses, and loss of weight. Potential risk factors of frailty including age, sex, body mass index, and daily step counts recorded by ActiGraph GT3X + accelerometer were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results
The prevalence of prefrailty and frailty was 50.0% and 11.9% in patients with stages 4–5 CKD, 29.6% and 9.3% in stage 3, and 32.1% and 0 in stages 1–2. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, an increase of 100 steps per day (OR = 0.95, 95% CI 0.91–0.99, P = 0.01) and an increase of 5 units eGFR (OR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.68–0.99, P = 0.045) were inversely associated with being frail; higher BMI was associated with a higher likelihood of being frail (OR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.11–2.06, P = 0.008) and prefrail (OR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.10–1.42, P = 0.001).

Conclusion
Frailty and prefrailty were common in patients with advanced CKD. A lower number of steps per day, lower eGFR, and a higher BMI were associated with frailty in this population.