bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of the effects of NOAC and VKA therapy on the incidence of dementia in patients with atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Wenjie , Fan Weiguo , Su Yuhao , Hong Kui 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF) patients are more susceptible to dementia, but the results about the effect of oral anticoagulants (OACs) on the risk of dementia are not consistent. We hypothesize that OAC is associated with a reduced risk of dementia with AF and that nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOAC) are superior to vitamin K antagonists (VKA). Four databases were systematically searched until July 1, 2022. Two reviewers independently selected literature, evaluated quality, and extracted data. Data were examined using pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Fourteen research studies involving 910 patients were enrolled. The findings indicated that OACs were associated with a decreased risk of dementia (pooled HR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.55–0.82, I2 = 87.7%), and NOACs had a stronger effect than VKAs (pooled HR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.79–0.95, I2 = 72%), especially in participants with a CHA2DS2VASc score ≥ 2 (pooled HR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.72–0.99). Subgroup analysis demonstrated no statistical significance among patients aged <65 years old (pooled HR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.64–1.07), patients in “based on treatment” studies (pooled HR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.75–1.06), or people with no stroke background (pooled HR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.71–1.15). This analysis revealed that OACs were related to the reduction of dementia incidence in AF individuals, and NOACs were better than VKAs, remarkably in people with a CHA2DS2VASc score ≥ 2. The results should be confirmed by further prospective studies, particularly in patients in “based on treatment” studies aged <65 years old with a CHA2DS2VASc score < 2 or without a stroke background.
Carbon‐Coated Porous Hollow Silicon Microspheres for High‐Capacity and Durable Lithium Storage
Authors: Yang Yumei , He Ruhan , Zhuang Dingyue , Chen Ran , Li Qi , Mai Liqiang , Zhou Liang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSilicon‐based materials are promising lithium‐ion battery (LIB) anodes owing to their natural abundance and high capacity. However, their practical application is restricted by the poor electrical conductivity and large volume expansion. Herein, we successfully construct carbon coated porous hollow silicon microspheres (Si‐40@C) as LIB anode materials, which are derived from the acid etching of commercial AlSi alloy with subsequent chemical vapor deposition carbon coating. The porous hollow structure of Si‐40@C buffers the volume variation and promotes the transportation of Li+; the carbon coating enhances the overall conductivity as well as structural stability. The as‐prepared Si‐40@C porous hollow microspheres deliver a high reversible capacity (2029 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1), good cyclability (1668 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.2 A g−1), and an ideal rate capability (1200 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1).
Measurement of GLUT4 Traffic to and from the Cell Surface in Muscle Cells
Authors: Antonescu Costin N. , Ishikura Shuhei , Bilan Philip J. , Klip Amira 
Published: June 2023

AbstractElevated blood glucose following a meal is cleared by insulin‐stimulated glucose entry into muscle and fat cells. The hormone increases the amount of the glucose transporter GLUT4 at the plasma membrane in these tissues at the expense of preformed intracellular pools. In addition, muscle contraction also increases glucose uptake via a gain in GLUT4 at the plasma membrane. Regulation of GLUT4 levels at the cell surface could arise from alterations in the rate of its exocytosis, endocytosis, or both. Hence, methods that can independently measure these traffic parameters for GLUT4 are essential to understanding the mechanism of regulation of membrane traffic of the transporter. Here, we describe cell population–based assays to measure the steady‐state levels of GLUT4 at the cell surface, as well as to separately measure the rates of GLUT4 endocytosis and endocytosis. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Measuring steady‐state cell surface GLUT4mycBasic Protocol 2: Measuring steady‐state cell surface GLUT4‐HABasic Protocol 3: Measuring GLUT4myc endocytosisBasic Protocol 4: Measuring GLUT4myc exocytosis
Mechanisms of Arrestin‐Mediated Signaling
Authors: Gurevich Vsevolod V. , Gurevich Eugenia V. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractArrestins were first discovered as proteins that selectively bind active phosphorylated GPCRs and suppress (arrest) their G protein–mediated signaling. Nonvisual arrestins are also recognized as signaling proteins regulating a variety of cellular pathways. Arrestins are highly flexible; they can assume many different conformations. In their receptor‐bound conformation, arrestins have higher affinity for a subset of binding partners. This explains how receptor activation regulates certain branches of arrestin‐dependent signaling via arrestin recruitment to GPCRs. However, free arrestins are also active molecular entities that regulate other signaling pathways and localize signaling proteins to particular subcellular compartments. Recent findings suggest that the two visuals, arrestin‐1 and arrestin‐4, which are expressed in photoreceptor cells, not only regulate signaling via binding to photopigments but also interact with several nonreceptor partners, critically affecting the health and survival of photoreceptor cells. Detailed in this overview are GPCR‐dependent and independent modes of arrestin‐mediated regulation of cellular signaling. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Factors Associated with IRB Review Time in a Non‐Federally Funded Study Using an sIRB of Record
Authors: Lamers‐Johnson Erin , Will Vanessa K. , Long Julie M. , Woodcock Lindsay , Kelley Kathryn , Steiber Alison L. , Jimenez Elizabeth Yakes 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTFrom 2018 to 2020, U.S. federal mandates began requiring the use of a single institutional review board (sIRB) of record for federally funded, multisite studies. With an interest in the efficiency of site activation, we compared the frequency with which local review and approval and three different reliance options (ways to establish a reliance agreement between the sIRB and the relying institution) were used during this period in a multisite, non‐federally funded study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03928548). Using general linear models, we analyzed the relationships between local reliance or approval and sIRB of record approval times and (a) the regulatory option selected and (b) relying‐site and process characteristics. Eighty‐five sites received sIRB approval through 72 submissions (40% using local review, 46% using the SMART IRB agreement, 10% using an IRB authorization agreement, and 4% using a letter of support). Median time to establish a local reliance or study approval and sIRB approval were longest for sites using a SMART IRB agreement. Study‐site region and the time of submission were significantly associated with local reliance or approval time, which averaged 129 and 107 days faster for Midwestern (p = 0.03) or Western (p = 0.02) sites, respectively, and 70 days slower for Northeastern sites (p = 0.42) compared with sites in the South, and 91 days slower when regulatory communication was initiated during or after February 2019 compared with before (p = 0.02). Similar relationships between sIRB approval time and region and time frame were observed; in addition, approval time was 103 days slower for sites affiliated with a research 1 (R1) university versus not (p = 0.02). Region of the country, time frame, and R1 university affiliation were associated with variations in study‐site activation in a non‐federally funded, multisite study.
How eDNA data filtration, sequence coverage, and primer selection influence assessment of fish communities in northern temperate lakes
Authors: García‐Machado Erik , Normandeau Eric , Côté Guillaume , Bernatchez Louis 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFor nearly 15 years now, environmental DNA has demonstrated its effectiveness in monitoring biodiversity. Methodological and technical improvements have significantly enhanced the field. However, the effect of factors such as sequence coverage, bioinformatic filtration, and primer choice have been less explored or need to be optimized according to specific survey objectives and study site characteristics. We evaluated these factors to help optimize monitoring fish biodiversity in North American temperate lakes. We sampled water for fish community eDNA analysis in 12 lakes from southwestern Québec, Canada. The lakes were selected to encompass a wide range of surface areas and species richness. We sampled water from a total of 520 sites (25–50 per lake) and analyzed three mitochondrial DNA regions (12S rRNA; 16S rRNA; and cytb) using NovaSeq sequencing. Our results, based on rarefied count matrices (from a sequencing depth of 100,000 to a minimum depth of 1000 reads per sample), showed that keeping only species in each sample if they represented at least one thousandth (species minimum read proportion threshold = 0.001) of the sample's reads was adequate to remove false positives and had a limited negative impact on true positives with low read counts. The sequencing depth was found to have a negligible impact on the accuracy of fish community assessment in a given lake. With the same sequencing depth and a complete local reference database for each primer set, a single primer set produced similar species richness medians than the combination of two or three primer sets. Overall, 12S and 16S detected more species and provided more consistent community profiles than cytb. Based on our observations, we suggest using the 12S MiFish‐U primer set and applying a minimum proportion of 0.001 reads per species and site to monitor north‐temperate lentic freshwater fish communities.
Heterogeneity and functions of the 13 IFN‐α subtypes – lucky for some?
Authors: Moreau Thomas R. J. , Bondet Vincent , Rodero Mathieu P. , Duffy Darragh 
Published: June 2023

AbstractType I IFNs are critical for host responses to viral infection and are also implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple autoimmune diseases. Multiple subtypes exist within the type I IFN family, in particular 13 distinct IFN‐α genes, which signal through the same heterodimer receptor that is ubiquitously expressed by mammalian cells. Both evolutionary genetic studies and functional antiviral assays strongly suggest differential functions and activity between the 13 IFN‐α subtypes, yet we still lack a clear understanding of these different roles. This review summarizes the evidence from studies describing differential functions of IFN‐α subtypes and highlights potential reasons for discrepancies between the reports. We examine both acute and chronic viral infection, as well as autoimmunity, and integrate a more recent awareness of the importance of anti‐IFN‐α autoantibodies in shaping the type I IFN responses in these different conditions.
Rice yield and carbon dioxide emissions in a paddy soil: A comparison of biochar and polystyrene microplastics
Authors: Rassaei Farzad 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBiochar has been suggested as a soil supplement to improve soil fertility. The world is covered in microplastics (MPs). A pot greenhouse experiment was carried out to examine the effects of polystyrene (PS), sugarcane bagasse biochar (SBB), and their interactions (PS × SBB) on the CO2 emission and rice yield in a rice paddy calcareous soil. The largest CO2 emissions occurred 35–40 days following rice planting, which corresponds to the tillering stages of rice growth. Higher CO2 emissions were detected after SBB treatment. Our findings showed that applying PS increased CO2 emissions in our soil samples. Our research revealed that adding SBB can boosted the negative effects of PS in the soil. The co‐application of SBB and PS increased PS's stimulation of the CO2 emissions. We infer that PS‐SBB interactions have an impact on global warming potential, microbial community activity, and CO2 emissions. Both SBB rates resulted in a significant increase in biomass and rice grain. Our research indicates that PS has a detrimental effect on rice grain output and biomass, but that the addition of SBB can slightly lessen these effects.
Technology Computer‐Aided Design device simulation of nanowall‐based CdS/CdTe solar cell for energy conversion
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Rahamathulla Mohammedasif , Ilango Murugaiya Sridar , Ramasesha Sheela K. , Cherusseri Jayesh 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAn innovative and novel electrode design for a Nanowall (NW)‐based solar cell has been proposed and demonstrated previously. In this work, this concept has been implemented utilizing Technology Computer‐Aided Design (TCAD) software SILVACO in NW‐based n‐CdS/ p‐CdTe solar cell to illustrate its potential for NW‐based solar cell technology. The device's photovoltaic parameters have been investigated as a function of geometrical factors like NW height and CdS window layer thickness, as well as parameters like mid‐gap and interface defects. The influence of the increase in the NW height seems to be increasing the photovoltaic parameters such as short circuit current density (), fill factor (FF), and power conversion efficiency (Eff) of the device. Increasing the depth of the CdS window layer has shown a slight decrease in the photovoltaic parameters. Besides, the effect of the defect density mid‐gap acceptor‐like states in the CdS layer and at the interface has also been simulated. It has been found that by increasing the mid‐gap defect states, a drop of 38, 18, and 45% in , FF, and Eff respectively has been observed with a very small rise of 4% in . It has also been observed that increasing the defect states causes not only a decrease in , FF, and Eff, but also an increase in blue loss in the lower wavelength range. Moreover, mid‐gap defect states seem to degrade the photovoltaic parameters much more severely than the interface defect states at the nanoscale dimension.
A review of current evidence on food allergies during pregnancy
Authors: Tufail Tabussam , Rasheed Yusra , Ain Huma Bader Ul , Arshad Muhammad Umair , Hussain Muzzamal , Akhtar Muhammad Nadeem , Saewan Shamaail A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFood allergy is the reaction of the immune system of the body that occurs after consuming specific foods. During specific physiological ages of pregnancy, women are more prone to different allergic reactions and mostly these reactions may prolong and have long‐term effects. The hypersensitivity of different types of allergens is mainly linked with the adversity of reactions. The chances of suffering food allergies in women are greater than in men; women are usually more prone to get allergic to some foods during their specific physiological age of pregnancy. Food allergies are more common in pregnant women as every fifth pregnant woman is affected by some kind of allergy. The specific reasons and evidence of the causes of these food allergies during pregnancies have yet to be explored. A pregnant woman should take a balanced diet and avoid consuming known allergic foods to minimize the risk and complications. This review aimed to broaden the knowledge on food allergies during pregnancies, their onset in the babies, and to make it easy for pregnant women to cope with the complications caused by these food allergies. It also aimed to figure out the certain food that might be responsible for the onset of allergies in women during pregnancy and the effect of these allergies on their babies.
Glial modulation of the parallel memory formation
Authors: Kanaya Teppei , Ito Ryo , Morizawa Yosuke M. , Sasaki Daichi , Yamao Hiroki , Ishikane Hiroshi , Hiraoka Yuichi , Tanaka Kohichi , Matsui Ko 
Published: June 2023

AbstractActions from glial cells could affect the readiness and efficacy of learning and memory. Using a mouse cerebellar‐dependent horizontal optokinetic response motor learning paradigm, short‐term memory (STM) formation during the online training period and long‐term memory (LTM) formation during the offline rest period were studied. A large variability of online and offline learning efficacies was found. The early bloomers with booming STM often had a suppressed LTM formation and late bloomers with no apparent acute training effect often exhibited boosted offline learning performance. Anion channels containing LRRC8A are known to release glutamate. Conditional knockout of LRRC8A specifically in astrocytes including cerebellar Bergmann glia resulted in a complete loss of STM formation while the LTM formation during the rest period remained. Optogenetic manipulation of glial activity by channelrhodopsin‐2 or archaerhodopsin‐T (ArchT) during the online training resulted in enhancement or suppression of STM formation, respectively. STM and LTM are likely to be triggered simultaneously during online training, but LTM is expressed later during the offline period. STM appears to be volatile and the achievement during the online training is not handed over to LTM. In addition, we found that glial ArchT photoactivation during the rest period resulted in the augmentation of LTM formation. These data suggest that STM formation and LTM formation are parallel separate processes. Strategies to weigh more on the STM or the LTM could depend on the actions of the glial cells.
Tobacco excise tax reform: From the perspective of “tax to control tobacco” policy in China
Authors: Hong Qianqian , Su Jie , Hong Penghui 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe consumption of tobacco is harmful to health and has huge social costs. "Tax to control tobacco" is a widely implemented tobacco control measure all over the world. In order to examine the achievements of two tobacco excise tax reforms in China in 2009 and 2015 on controlling tobacco consumption, we first establish an intertemporal consumption model for addictive goods, and then validate the effectiveness of the two tobacco excise tax reforms using a Continuous Difference‐in‐Differences Model based on the panel data from 294 cities in China from 2007 to 2018. The results show that the tobacco excise tax reform in 2015 considerably reduced tobacco consumption, while the reform in 2009 did not, providing empirical evidence on the importance of "price links to tax" for tobacco control. Additionally, the study discovers that the tax reform has a heterogeneous effect on the age of smokers, the price of cigarettes, and city size.
Soil moisture and temperature dynamics in juvenile and mature forest as a result of tree growth, hydrometeorological forcings, and drought
Authors: Rabbai Andrea , Wendt Doris E. , Curioni Giulio , Quick Susan E. , MacKenzie A. Robert , Hannah David M. , Kettridge Nicholas , Ullah Sami , Hart Kris M. , Krause Stefan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAfforestation, as one of the major drivers of land cover change, has the potential to provide a wide range of ecosystem services. Aside from carbon sequestration, afforestation can improve hydrological regulation by increasing soil water storage capacity and reducing surface water runoff. However, afforested areas are rarely studied over time scales appropriate to determine when changes in soil hydrological processes occur as the planted (mixed) forests establish and grow. This study investigates the seasonal soil moisture and temperature dynamics, as well as the event‐based responses to precipitation and dry periods, for a mature and a juvenile forest ecosystem over a 5‐year time period. Generally, soil moisture was higher in the juvenile forest than in the mature forest, suggesting a lower physiological water demand. Following the 2018 drought, soil moisture dynamics in the growing juvenile plantation began to match those of the mature forest, owing to canopy development and possibly also to internal resilience mechanisms of the young forest to these external hot weather perturbations. Soil temperature dynamics in the juvenile plantation followed air temperature patterns closely, indicating lower thermal regulation capacity compared to the mature forest. While our findings show that an aggrading juvenile plantation achieves mature forest shallow soil moisture storage dynamics at an early stage, well before physiological maturity, this was not the case for soil temperature. Our results shed light on long‐term trends of seasonal and event‐based responses of soil moisture and temperatures in different‐aged forest systems, which can be used to inform future assessments of hydrological and ecosystem responses to disturbances and forest management.
A healthy nutrition suggestion model for indian women sports players & active youth using long short‐term memory
Authors: Ramaraj Keerthana , Narayan Valliammal , Dhivyaprabha Thookanayakanpalayam Thyagarajan , Subashini Parthasarathy 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSports nutrition is the balanced diet or diet chart that helps to improve performance of sports persons. It is globally accepted that Indian foods are rich in nutrition. It is greatly preferred by yogis, gurus and dieticians to intake Indian foods in order to maintain a wellness and healthy lifestyle. Smart watches, wearable devices, mobile applications and digital portals are available to suggest foods to the sports persons. But software application based on Indian foods specifically for women athletes are not exists so far. In this paper an intelligent food recommendation system based on Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM) and LSTM with GRU is proposed to suggest meals for women athletes. LSTM has connections and it processes the entire sequence of data thus, it is week suitable for suggestion models. The performance of the model is validated using evaluation metrices and the result demonstrate its effectiveness.
Computational NMR spectroscopy of 205Tl
Authors: Saielli Giacomo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe have investigated the NMR chemical shift of 205Tl in several thallium compounds, ranging from small covalent Tl(I) and Tl(III) molecules to supramolecular complexes with large organic ligands and some thallium halides. NMR calculations were run at the ZORA relativistic level, with and without spin‐orbit coupling using few selected GGA and hybrid functionals, namely BP86, PBE, B3LYP, and PBE0. We also tested solvent effects both at the optimization level and at the NMR calculation step. At the ZORA‐SO‐PBE0 (COSMO) level of theory we find a very good performance of the computational protocol that allows to discard or retain possible structures/conformations based on the agreement between the calculated chemical shift and the experimental value.
Optical Forces on Multipoles Induced by the Belinfante Spin Momentum
Authors: Zhou Yuan , Zhang Yanan , Xu Xiaohao , Nieto‐Vesperinas Manuel , Yan Shaohui , Li Manman , Gao Wenyu , Zhang Yao , Yao Baoli 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Belinfante spin momentum (BSM) is a fundamental yet enigmatic quantity of electromagnetic fields. It vanishes from the global momentum of the field, but can be detected locally, manifesting itself as an optical force on small particles. Hitherto, however, the BSM force is a concept well established only within the dipole approximation, and there is no explicit experimental evidence for its action on multipoles. Here, a theoretical model for multipolar BSM forces, exerted on generic Mie particles supporting multipoles of arbitrary order, is developed. This multipolar mechanical action is observed experimentally from a structured light field, which suppresses the effect of spin–orbit coupling. It can also selectively enhance the multipolar BSM forces, while restraining the dipolar component on a probe particle (Au sphere). These results constitute a distinct chapter in the physics of high‐order interactions in light–matter systems and can facilitate additional progress in optomechanics, optical manipulation, and Mie‐tronics.