bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graphene nanoribbons with hBN passivated edges grown by high-temperature molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Bradford Jonathan , Cheng Tin S , James Tyler S S , Khlobystov Andrei N , Mellor Christopher J , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Novikov Sergei V , Beton Peter H 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Integration of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) in lateral heterostructures has provided a route to broadly engineer the material properties by quantum confinement of electrons or introduction of novel electronic and magnetic states at the interface. In this work we demonstrate lateral heteroepitaxial growth of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) passivated by hBN using high-temperature molecular beam epitaxy (HT-MBE) to grow graphene in oriented hBN trenches formed ex-situ by catalytic nanoparticle etching. High-resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM) reveals that GNRs grow epitaxially from the etched hBN edges, and merge to form a GNR network passivated by hBN. Using conductive AFM we probe the nanoscale electrical properties of the nanoribbons and observe quasiparticle interference patterns caused by intervalley scattering at the graphene/hBN interface, which carries implications for the potential transport characteristics of hBN passivated GNR devices.
Towards standardization of positron emission testing with computed tomography myocardial perfusion volumes and left ventricular ejection fraction: comparison with cardiac MRI
Authors: Dong Tiffany A , Abadie Bryan Q , Hutt Centeno Erika , Jellis Christine L , Cremer Paul C , Jaber Wael A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Gated positron emission testing with computed tomography (PET-CT) yields left ventricular (LV) volume analysis along with perfusion analysis. The correlation between PET-CT volumes and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) volumes remains unknown. Understanding of the accuracy of these volumes and ejection fractions (EF) by PET is clinically relevant, particularly in the sarcoid population where patients receive initial diagnostic CMR and then are followed by PET for inflammation. 89 patients undergoing cardiac sarcoidosis evaluation with both rest PET-CT and CMR within approximately 1 year were identified at Cleveland Clinic from 2011 to 2021. LV volumes and EF were collected. Linear regression and Bland–Altman analyses were performed. Mean PET-CT derived left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 46 ± 16% with mean LV end diastolic volume (LVEDV) of 127 ± 60 mL and mean LV end systolic volume (LVESV) of 75 ± 54 mL. Mean CMR-derived LVEF was 47 ± 15% with mean LVEDV of 189 ± 61 mL and mean LVESV of 106 ± 60 mL. Pearson correlation coefficient with standard measurements was 0.85 for EF, 0.80 for LVEDV, and 0.86 for LVESV. In our cohort, there is an excellent correlation of LVEF between PET-CT and CMR with a mean difference of 1.1% and a good correlation of volumes between these two imaging modalities. This has potential clinical implications when judging LVEF qualifications for medical and device therapies although future larger validation cohorts are warranted.
Association of cancer with the risk of developing hypertension
Authors: Nagasawa Hajime , Kaneko Hidehiro , Suzuki Yuta , Okada Akira , Fujiu Katsuhito , Takeda Norifumi , Morita Hiroyuki , Nishiyama Akira , Yano Yuichiro , Node Koichi , Viera Anthony J , Carey Robert M , Oparil Suzanne , Yasunaga Hideo , Touyz Rhian M , Komuro Issei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background and aims
Although the importance of hypertension in patients with cancer is widely recognized, little is known about the risk of developing hypertension in patients with a history of cancer.

Methods and results
This retrospective observational cohort study analysed data from the JMDC Claims Database between 2005 and 2022, including 78 162 patients with a history of cancer and 3692 654 individuals without cancer. The primary endpoint was the incidence of hypertension.
During a mean follow-up period of 1208 ± 966 days, 311 197 participants developed hypertension. The incidence of hypertension was 364.6 [95% confidence interval (CI) 357.0–372.2] per 10 000 person-years among those with a history of cancer, and 247.2 (95% CI 246.3–248.1) per 10 000 person-years in those without cancer. Individuals with a history of cancer had an elevated risk of developing hypertension, according to multivariable Cox regression analyses [hazard ratio (HR) 1.17, 95% CI 1.15–1.20]. Both cancer patients requiring active antineoplastic therapy (HR 2.01, 95% CI 1.85–2.20), and those who did not require active antineoplastic therapy (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.12–1.17) had an increased risk of hypertension. A multitude of sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the relationship between cancer and incident hypertension. Patients with certain types of cancer were found to have a higher risk of developing hypertension than those without cancer, with varying risks dependent on the type of cancer.

Conclusion
Our analysis of a nationwide epidemiological database revealed that individuals with a history of cancer have a higher risk of developing hypertension, and this finding applies to both cancer patients who require active antineoplastic therapy and those who do not.
Partitioned Pricing and Collusion on Surcharges
Authors: Chen Zhiqi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Partitioned pricing is a pricing practice that divides the price of a product into a base price and one or more mandatory surcharges. This paper develops a theory of partitioned pricing using a duopoly model where the owner of each firm determines the surcharge, but delegates the setting of the base price to a manager. In equilibrium, both firms choose partitioned pricing over the conventional all-inclusive pricing. Moreover, partitioned pricing leads to higher full prices and larger profits than all-inclusive pricing. Most surprisingly, collusion on surcharges without any coordination on base prices is as profitable as collusion on all-inclusive prices.
Vine copula-based Bayesian classification for multivariate time series of electroencephalography eye states
Authors: Zhang Chunfang , Czado Claudia 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Sometimes classification tasks have to be based on multivariate time series data collected for each class. In these situations the data for each class might exhibit non-stationary behaviour together with complex dependence structures. We propose a vine copula-based approach to capture these features in each class before applying a Bayesian classifier. Vine copulas have been very successful in modelling asymmetric tail dependence among variables and are coupled with non-stationary univariate time series to model the multivariate time series data for each class. We illustrate this classification approach using data from a neural activity experiment using electroencephalography, where we want to classify the eye state. The level of neural activity was collected over time for multiple locations on the scalp. Our approach is able to identify relevant locations and allows for a model-based interpretation of the data generating process. A cross-validation study with comparison to competitor classifiers for this data set shows good performance of the proposed classifier.
Species-specific responses of mammal activity to exurbanization in New Hampshire, USA
Authors: Poisson Mairi K P , Butler Andrew R , Tate Patrick , Bergeron Daniel H , Moll Remington J 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Urbanization and habitat fragmentation can disrupt wildlife behavior and cause declines in biodiversity and ecosystem function. Most urban wildlife research has compared highly urbanized regions with rural areas. However, human development is also rapidly occurring in exurban areas, which consist of a matrix of lower-density housing and natural patches. Thus, although such “exurbanization” is intensifying, little research has examined how mammals respond to exurban development. To address this knowledge gap, we evaluated the activity of 12 species using 104 camera traps in exurban and rural areas across southeastern New Hampshire, USA, during summer 2021 and winter 2021–2. We quantified species’ activity levels (overall portion of daily activity) and patterns (variation of diel activity period) to test hypotheses regarding how species’ space requirements and nocturnality modulated their responses to exurban development. We found mixed support for our hypotheses. Two species with large space requirements (bobcats Lynx rufus and white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus) reduced activity levels in exurban areas, following hypothesized predictions, while other species (e.g., coyote Canis latrans) did not. As predicted, nocturnal species were less likely to shift activity patterns, but this varied across species and seasons. We also found evidence for a coupled predator–prey response among bobcats and lagomorphs in summer, with similarly altered activity in exurban areas. These results suggest that wildlife modify activity in response to exurban development with substantial species and season-specific variation within the mammal community, highlighting the complex ways wildlife adapt to urbanization and the potential consequences thereof for mammal communities.
Cooperation, Integration, and Assimilation: Abba Hillel Silver, Emanuel Neumann, the Lowdermilk Plan, and the Arab Question in the Forties
Authors: Segev Zohar 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The growing power of the USA, of US Jewry, and of the US Zionist movement was a major factor that impacted Zionist policy during the 1940s. During this period, US Zionists sought to bring their influence to bear on the fundamental problems that the Zionist movement confronted during the war and thereafter. The Arab issue featured prominently in these efforts. While engaging with the questions of the relations between the Jews and the Arabs living in Palestine and with ways to make the Jewish state an integral part of the Middle East, the US Zionist leadership actively promoted the Lowdermilk Plan, which addressed the shortage of water in the region. US Zionist engagement with the Arab question signaled a fundamental change in the modes of operation of US Zionists and their desire to take an active and practical role in shaping the Jewish state and the Zionist movement. They were no longer content merely to provide material and political support to the Zionist movement and to the Jewish yishuv in Palestine.
High fidelity DNA strand-separation is the major specificity determinant in DNA methyltransferase CcrM’s catalytic mechanism
Authors: Konttinen Olivia , Carmody Jason , Kurnik Martin , Johnson Kenneth A , Reich Norbert 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Strand-separation is emerging as a novel DNA recognition mechanism but the underlying mechanisms and quantitative contribution of strand-separation to fidelity remain obscure. The bacterial DNA adenine methyltransferase, CcrM, recognizes 5′GANTC′3 sequences through a DNA strand-separation mechanism with unusually high selectivity. To explore this novel recognition mechanism, we incorporated Pyrrolo-dC into cognate and noncognate DNA to monitor the kinetics of strand-separation and used tryptophan fluorescence to follow protein conformational changes. Both signals are biphasic and global fitting showed that the faster phase of DNA strand-separation was coincident with the protein conformational transition. Non-cognate sequences did not display strand-separation and methylation was reduced &gt; 300-fold, providing evidence that strand-separation is a major determinant of selectivity. Analysis of an R350A mutant showed that the enzyme conformational step can occur without strand-separation, so the two events are uncoupled. A stabilizing role for the methyl-donor (SAM) is proposed; the cofactor interacts with a critical loop which is inserted between the DNA strands, thereby stabilizing the strand-separated conformation. The results presented here are broadly applicable to the study of other N6-adenine methyltransferases that contain the structural features implicated in strand-separation, which are found widely dispersed across many bacterial phyla, including human and animal pathogens, and some Eukaryotes.
The CSB chromatin remodeler regulates PARP1- and PARP2-mediated single-strand break repair at actively transcribed DNA regions
Authors: Bilkis Rabeya , Lake Robert J , Cooper Karen L , Tomkinson Alan , Fan Hua-Ying 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Efficient repair of oxidized DNA is critical for genome-integrity maintenance. Cockayne syndrome protein B (CSB) is an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler that collaborates with Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase I (PARP1) in the repair of oxidative DNA lesions. How these proteins integrate during DNA repair remains largely unknown. Here, using chromatin co-fractionation studies, we demonstrate that PARP1 and PARP2 promote recruitment of CSB to oxidatively-damaged DNA. CSB, in turn, contributes to the recruitment of XRCC1, and histone PARylation factor 1 (HPF1), and promotes histone PARylation. Using alkaline comet assays to monitor DNA repair, we found that CSB regulates single-strand break repair (SSBR) mediated by PARP1 and PARP2. Strikingly, CSB’s function in SSBR is largely bypassed when transcription is inhibited, suggesting CSB-mediated SSBR occurs primarily at actively transcribed DNA regions. While PARP1 repairs SSBs at sites regardless of the transcription status, we found that PARP2 predominantly functions in actively transcribed DNA regions. Therefore, our study raises the hypothesis that SSBR is executed by different mechanisms based on the transcription status.
Mantle flow underneath the South China Sea revealed by seismic anisotropy
Authors: Kong Fansheng , Gao Rui , Gao Stephen S , Liu Kelly H , Ding Weiwei , Niu Xiongwei , Ruan Aiguo , Tan Pingchuan , Fan Jianke , Lu Shaoping , Tong Zhengyi , Cheng Liqun , Gong Wenfei , Zhao Yanghui , Li Jiabiao 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
It has long been established that plastic flow in the asthenosphere interacts constantly with the overlying lithosphere and plays a pivotal role in controlling the occurrence of geohazards such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Unfortunately, accurately characterizing the direction and lateral extents of the mantle flow field is notoriously difficult, especially in oceanic areas where deployment of ocean bottom seismometers (OBSs) is expensive and thus rare. In this study, by applying shear wave splitting analyses to a dataset recorded by an OBS array that we deployed between mid-2019 and mid-2020 in the South China Sea (SCS), we show that the dominant mantle flow field has a NNW–SSE orientation, which can be attributed to mantle flow extruded from the Tibetan Plateau by the ongoing Indian–Eurasian collision. In addition, the results suggest that E–W oriented flow fields observed in South China and the Indochina Peninsula do not extend to the central SCS.
Genome-wide investigation of persistence with methotrexate treatment in early rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Sysojev Anton Öberg , Saevarsdottir Saedis , Diaz-Gallo Lina-Marcela , Silberberg Gilad N , Alfredsson Lars , Klareskog Lars , Baecklund Eva , Björkman Lena , Kastbom Alf , Rantapää-Dahlqvist Solbritt , Turesson Carl , Jonsdottir Ingileif , Stefansson Kari , Frisell Thomas , Padyukov Leonid , Askling Johan , Westerlind Helga 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the influence of genetic factors on persistence with treatment of early RA with MTX monotherapy.

Methods
We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a sample of 3902 Swedish early-RA patients initiating MTX in DMARD monotherapy as their first-ever DMARD. The outcome, short- and long-term MTX treatment persistence, was defined as remaining on MTX at 1 and at 3 years, respectively, with no additional DMARDs added. As genetic predictors, we investigated individual SNPs, and then calculated a polygenic risk score (PRS) based on SNPs associated with RA risk. The SNP-based heritability of persistence was estimated overall and by RA serostatus.

Results
No individual SNP reached genome-wide significance (P &lt; 5 × 10−8), either for persistence at 1 year or at 3 years. The RA PRS was not significantly associated with MTX treatment persistence at 1 year [relative risk (RR) = 0.98 (0.96–1.01)] or at 3 years [RR = 0.96 (0.93–1.00)]. The heritability of MTX treatment persistence was estimated to be 0.45 (0.15–0.75) at 1 year and 0.14 (0–0.40) at 3 years. The results in seropositive RA were comparable with those in the analysis of RA overall, while heritability estimates and PRS RRs were attenuated towards the null in seronegative RA.

Conclusion
Despite being the largest GWAS on an MTX treatment outcome to date, no genome-wide significant associations were detected. The modest heritability observed, coupled with the broad spread of suggestively associated loci, indicate that genetic influence is of polygenic nature. Nevertheless, MTX monotherapy persistence was lower in patients with a greater genetic disposition, per the PRS, towards RA.
Reliability of Respiratory System Compliance Calculation During Assisted Mechanical Ventilation: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Bastia Luca , Amendolagine Liliana , Pozzi Federico , Carenini Stefano , Cipolla Cristiana , Curto Francesco , Bellani Giacomo , Fumagalli Roberto , Chieregato Arturo 
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVES:
To compare respiratory system compliance (Crs) calculation during controlled mechanical ventilation (MV) and, subsequently, during assisted MV.

DESIGN:
This is a single-center, retrospective, observational study.

SETTING:
This study was conducted on patients admitted to Neuro-ICU of Niguarda Hospital (tertiary referral hospital).

PATIENTS:
We analyzed every patient greater than or equal to 18 years old having a Crs measurement in controlled and in assisted MV within 60 minutes. Plateau pressure (Pplat) was considered reliable if it was deemed visually stable for at least 2 seconds.

Interventions:
Inspiratory pause was incorporated to detect Pplat in controlled and assisted MV. Calculation of Crs and driving pressure were achieved.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
A total of 101 patients were studied. An acceptable agreement was found (Bland-Altman plot bias –3.9, level of agreement upper 21.6, lower –29.6). Crs in assisted MV was 64.1 (52.6–79.3) and in controlled MV it was 61.2 (50–71.2) mL/cm H2
o (p = 0.006). No statistical difference was found in Crs (assisted vs controlled MV) when peak pressure was lower than Pplat nor when peak pressure was higher than Pplat.

CONCLUSIONS:
A Pplat visually stable for at least 2 seconds leads to reliable Crs calculation during assisted MV.
Diversity, equity and inclusion in ophthalmology
Authors: Aguwa Ugochi T. , Williams Basil K. , Woreta Fasika A. 
Published: June 2023

Purpose of review
Diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) initiatives in ophthalmology have received increased attention in recent years. This review will highlight disparities, barriers to workforce diversity, as well as current and future efforts to improve DEI in ophthalmology.

Recent findings
Racial, ethnic, socioeconomic and sex disparities exist in vision health and across many ophthalmology subspecialties. The pervasive disparities result from factors such as a lack of access to eye care. In addition, ophthalmology is one of the least diverse specialties at the resident and faculty level. The lack of diversity has also been documented in ophthalmology clinical trials, wherein participant demographics do not reflect the diversity of the U.S. population.

Summary
Addressing social determinants of health including racism and discrimination is necessary to promote equity in vision health. Diversifying the workforce and expanding the representation of marginalized groups in clinical research are also paramount. Supporting existing programmes and creating new ones focusing on improving workforce diversity and reducing eye care disparities are essential to ensure equity in vision health for all Americans.
The impact of artificial intelligence on retinal disease management: Vision Academy retinal expert consensus
Authors: Danese Carla , Kale Aditya U. , Aslam Tariq , Lanzetta Paolo , Barratt Jane , Chou Yu-Bai , Eldem Bora , Eter Nicole , Gale Richard , Korobelnik Jean-François , Kozak Igor , Li Xiaorong , Li Xiaoxin , Loewenstein Anat , Ruamviboonsuk Paisan , Sakamoto Taiji , Ting Daniel S.W. , van Wijngaarden Peter , Waldstein Sebastian M. , Wong David , Wu Lihteh , Zapata Miguel A. , Zarranz-Ventura Javier 
Published: June 2023

Purpose of review
The aim of this review is to define the “state-of-the-art” in artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled devices that support the management of retinal conditions and to provide Vision Academy recommendations on the topic.

Recent findings
Most of the AI models described in the literature have not been approved for disease management purposes by regulatory authorities. These new technologies are promising as they may be able to provide personalized treatments as well as a personalized risk score for various retinal diseases. However, several issues still need to be addressed, such as the lack of a common regulatory pathway and a lack of clarity regarding the applicability of AI-enabled medical devices in different populations.

Summary
It is likely that current clinical practice will need to change following the application of AI-enabled medical devices. These devices are likely to have an impact on the management of retinal disease. However, a consensus needs to be reached to ensure they are safe and effective for the overall population.
Targeted Telephone-Based Outreach Reconnects Glaucoma Patients With Subspecialty Care
Authors: Sharma Arjun , Roh Shiyoung , Ramsey David J. 
Published: June 2023

Précis:
A personalized telephone-based intervention is a cost-effective method to return overdue patients with open angle glaucoma (OAG) to subspecialty care. Patients who accepted care overwhelmingly preferred in-person appointments with their provider instead of hybrid visits with telehealth.

Purpose:
To evaluate the effectiveness of a telephone-based outreach strategy to reconnect OAG patients with subspeciality care.

Patients and Methods:
Established patients with OAG who were seen before March 1, 2021, but had not returned for care in the following year were contacted via a telephone-based intervention. Patients lost to follow-up (LTF) were offered the option of an in-person visit or a hybrid telehealth visit, which combined in-office testing of vision, intraocular pressure, and optic nerve imaging with a virtual consultation with their glaucoma specialist on a separate date.

Results:
Of 2727 patients with OAG, 351 (13%) had not returned for recommended care. Outbound calls reached 176 of those patients (50%). Nearly half of all patients contacted readily accepted care, with 71 scheduling in-person appointments (93%) and 5 selecting hybrid visits (6.6%). Medication refills were requested by 17 of those 76 patients, representing nearly a third of the 56 patients who were treated with topical glaucoma medications. Assessment of the program 90 days later found that 40 patients had returned for care, 100 patients had transferred or declined further care, and 40 patients were identified as deceased, lowering the LTF rate to 6.4%, with 15 patients still scheduled for future visits. On the basis of an average call duration of 2.8±2.0 minutes, the added cost of returning a patient with OAG to care by the program was $28.11.

Conclusions:
Providing targeted outreach by telephone is an effective and cost-efficient strategy to reconnect OAG patients LTF with subspecialty care.