bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiscale Nature of Atmospheric Rivers
Authors: Park Chanil , Son Seok‐Woo , Guan Bin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study provides evidence for the multiscale nature of atmospheric rivers (ARs) by differentiating them based on high‐ (HF) and low‐frequency (LF) moisture transports. The HF‐dominant ARs exhibit migratory behavior as they are typically accompanied by extratropical cyclones. Their spatial distribution is seasonally synchronized with midlatitude storm activity. On the other hand, the LF‐dominant ARs stay in place as they are associated with quasi‐stationary circulation. They prevail in the subtropical monsoon regions in the summer hemisphere. The ARs are often jointly affected by HF and LF processes. Such intermediate ARs are frequently observed along the poleward boundary of subtropical highs. The latter two AR types are locally more persistent than the HF‐dominant ARs, implying the importance of LF dynamics in long‐lasting AR impacts. We suggest that multiscale analysis of ARs will offer valuable insights into their diversity and hydrological impacts.
The Effects of the Polar Rain on the Polar Wind Ion Outflow From the Nightside Ionosphere
Authors: Li Kun , Yang Qian , Cui Jun , Rong Zhaojin , Chai Lihui , Wei Yong , Yu Jiang , Liu Nigang , He Zhaoguo , Wang Jing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe polar wind, consisting of low‐energy ions and electrons, is an outflow along the open magnetic field lines from the polar cap ionosphere to the magnetosphere. Previous studies found that both solar radiation and solar wind electromagnetic energy are the two main energy sources for the polar wind. The polar rain, being field‐aligned precipitating electrons from the solar wind to the polar cap, may provide additional energies for the polar wind. This scenario is complicated as simulation studies show that polar rain changes the electric potential structures over the polar cap ionosphere. It is unclear how the polar rain affects the polar wind ion outflow. In this study, we show a positive correlation between the polar wind and the polar rain. Meanwhile, the polar wind is generally diminished in regions with strong Earth's magnetic field, suggesting the |B| modulates the penetration depth of the polar rain through the magnetic mirror force and thus the energy dissipation of the polar rain. Therefore, the polar rain can be an additional energy source for the polar wind although the polar rain has generally smaller energies and intensities than the particle precipitations in the auroral regions.
The Equatorward Boundary of the Auroral Current System During Magnetic Storms
Authors: Weygand James M. , Ngwira Chigomezyo M. , Arritt Robert F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOur current knowledge of the geomagnetic poleward and equatorward boundary dynamics is limited, particularly, how deep those two latitudinal boundaries can extend into lower geomagnetic latitudes during magnetic storms. We want to understand the motion of the boundary because it is important in terms of the location and magnitude of the effects of geomagnetic disturbances associated with storms on the ground. In this study we derive spherical elementary ionospheric currents from ground magnetometer arrays covering North America and Greenland during six magnetic storms in 2015 and 2018. With two dimensional maps of the auroral region current, we select the equatorward boundary of the region 2 currents by‐eye and fit the boundary with an ellipse to derive the location of the equatorward boundary at magnetic midnight. We have obtained over 500 boundaries and find that the midnight boundary location varies between 45° and 66° magnetic latitude. We examine the influence of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), solar wind plasma, and geomagnetic indices on the location of the magnetic midnight equatorial boundary and find that the equatorial boundary location is best correlated with the IMF Bz, VBz, and the Sym‐H index. We demonstrate that as the Bz component becomes more negative, the magnitude of VBz increases, and the magnitude of the Sym‐H index increases, the magnetic midnight equatorial boundary shifts equatorward during periods of moderate to high geomagnetic activity.
Approximation of nearly-periodic symplectic maps via structure-preserving neural networks
Authors: Duruisseaux Valentin , Burby Joshua W. , Tang Qi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA continuous-time dynamical system with parameter$$\varepsilon$$εis nearly-periodic if all its trajectories are periodic with nowhere-vanishing angular frequency as$$\varepsilon$$εapproaches 0. Nearly-periodic maps are discrete-time analogues of nearly-periodic systems, defined as parameter-dependent diffeomorphisms that limit to rotations along a circle action, and they admit formalU(1) symmetries to all orders when the limiting rotation is non-resonant. For Hamiltonian nearly-periodic maps on exact presymplectic manifolds, the formalU(1) symmetry gives rise to a discrete-time adiabatic invariant. In this paper, we construct a novel structure-preserving neural network to approximate nearly-periodic symplectic maps. This neural network architecture, which we call symplectic gyroceptron, ensures that the resulting surrogate map is nearly-periodic and symplectic, and that it gives rise to a discrete-time adiabatic invariant and a long-time stability. This new structure-preserving neural network provides a promising architecture for surrogate modeling of non-dissipative dynamical systems that automatically steps over short timescales without introducing spurious instabilities.
High heat flux reduction to materials using current filaments
Authors: Le Trang , Suzuki Yasuhiro , Hasegawa Hiroki , Moritaka Toseo , Ohtani Hiroaki 
Published: May 2023

AbstractReducing high electron and ion heat fluxes is one of the critical issues for shielding satellites and spacecraft. One of the ideas for shielding high particle and heat fluxes is to apply an external magnetic field generated by injecting current filaments. In this work, we model a flow of plasma, which includes electrons and ions in a small region, by using two spatial dimensions and three coordinates for velocities (2D3V) Particle-In-Cell (PIC) code to study the effects of the injected current filaments on particle and heat fluxes to the wall. The plasma enters the simulation domain from the source region at the left boundary and is fully absorbed in the conductor wall at the right boundary. Current filaments are injected to change the magnetic field structure of the system. We compare particle density, particle flux, and heat flux with and without injecting the current filaments into the domain in two dimensions. Based on the simulation results, we found that injecting current filaments can reduce the peak fluxes to the wall and transfer some of those fluxes along the wall. Therefore, injecting the current filaments is a good candidate for shielding satellites and spacecraft from high-energy ion and electron fluxes.
Therapeutic effects of axitinib, an anti-angiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on interstitial cystitis
Authors: Shin Jung Hyun , Ryu Chae-Min , Yu Hwan Yeul , Park Yang Soon , Shin Dong-Myung , Choo Myung-Soo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo investigate the therapeutic effects of axitinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in an interstitial cystitis (IC) rat model. IC patients with or without Hunner lesion and non-IC controls were enrolled (n = 5/group). Bladder tissues were stained with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and PDGF receptor B (PDGFR-B). The IC group showed extensive VEGFR-2 and PDGFR-B staining compared with controls. Next, ten-week-old female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups (n = 10/group): sham, hydrochloride (HCl), and axitinib groups. One week after HCl instillation (day 0), the axitinib group received oral axitinib (1 mg/kg) for five consecutive days and pain was evaluated daily. Bladder function, histology and genetics were evaluated on day 7. The pain threshold significantly improved 3 days after axitinib administration. Axitinib decreased non-voiding contraction and increased the micturition interval and micturition volume and alleviated urothelial denudation, angiogenesis, mast cell infiltration, and fibrosis. HCl instillation increased the expression of tyrosine kinase receptors, including VEGFR-2 and PDGFR-B; axitinib administration inhibited their expression. Oral administration of axitinib improved pain, voiding profiles, and urothelial integrity by inhibiting angiogenesis in IC rat model. Axitinib may have potential therapeutic efficacy in IC patients.
Live birth rate following a failed first in vitro fertilization cycle with no embryos for transfer
Authors: Dong Xiaohui , Xue Xia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAfter a failed in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedure in which no transferable embryo was obtained, the possibility of a subsequent pregnancy for the patient is unknown. We conducted a cohort retrospective study evaluating the live birth rate in the subsequent cycles of the patients with no embryo for transfer in their first IVF attempt between 2017and 2020. The first cycle variables of patients who conceived in subsequent cycles were compared to those who did not. Additionally, for patients who conceived at last, variables related to ovarian stimulation were compared between the first cycle and the conceiving cycle. In accordance with the inclusion criteria, 529 were enrolled during the study period, of which 230 had successful pregnancies and 192 gave birth to a live infant. Cumulative live birth rates (CLBR) per cycle and patient were 26% and 36% respectively. Moreover, 99% of the live births were obtained within the first three attempts, beyond six cycles, there was no pregnancy. Stimulating variables in the first cycle were not effective in predicting the likelihood of a patient's subsequent pregnancy. Overall, patients who did not have embryos available for transfer in the first cycle had a 36% chance of getting a live birth in subsequent attempts, and the cause of failure should be considered.
Full-duplex multi-user MIMO communication systems performance optimization using leakage-based precoding
Authors: Teklu Merhawit Berhane , Choi Dong-You , Meng Wei-Xiao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe spectral efficiency (SE) can approximately double when using full-duplex (FD) multiuser MIMO communications. However, there are difficulties because of multiuser interferences, self-interference (SI), and co-channel interference (CCI). To improve the SE of the downlink (DL), this paper proposes CCI-aware enhancement to SLNR (signal-to-leakage-and-noise-ratio) signal-to-leakage-and-noise-ratio (SLNR). It considers a suppressing filter at the receiver to cancel the interferences again designing a beamformer based on CCI-plus-noise covariance matrices for every user at the transmitting side. Additionally, we propose an improvement in the SLNR method by using SI-plus-noise covariance matrices to design uplink (UL) beamformers. Unlike zero-forcing and block-diagonalization, the SLNR approach serves numerous antennas at users and BS (base station). The total SE of the communication yielded using the optimized precoder, i.e., obtained from the SLNR-based precoding. To achieve maximum energy efficiency (EE), we use a power consumption model. Simulation results confirm that full-duplex performs well compared to half-duplex (HD) when the number of antennas at every user in uplink as well downlink channels grow, for all Rician factors, for slight powers of the CCI and SI, and a limited number of antennas at the BS. With the proposed scheme for given transmit power and circuit power, we demonstrate that FD has a higher EE than HD.
Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors mitigate radiation pneumonitis by activating ACE2-angiotensin-(1–7) axis via NF-κB/MAPK pathway
Authors: Cong Changsheng , Niu Shiying , Jiang Yifan , Zhang Xinhui , Jing Wang , Zheng Yawen , Zhang Xiaoyue , Su Guohai , Zhang Yueying , Sun Meili 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRadiation pneumonitis (RP) affects both patients and physicians during radiation therapy for lung cancer. To date, there are no effective drugs for improving the clinical outcomes of RP. The activation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) improves experimental acute lung injury caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, acid inhalation, and sepsis. However, the effects and underlying mechanisms of ACE2 in RP remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers on RP and ACE2/angiotensin-(1–7)/Mas receptor pathway activation. We found that radiotherapy decreased the expression of ACE2 and that overexpression of ACE2 alleviated lung injury in an RP mouse model. Moreover, captopril and valsartan restored ACE2 activation; attenuated P38, ERK, and p65 phosphorylation; and effectively mitigated RP in the mouse model. Further systematic retrospective analysis illustrated that the incidence of RP in patients using renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASis) was lower than that in patients not using RASis (18.2% vs. 35.8% at 3 months, p = 0.0497). In conclusion, the current findings demonstrate that ACE2 plays a critical role in RP and suggest that RASis may be useful potential therapeutic drugs for RP.
Higher-order topological corner state in a reconfigurable breathing kagome lattice consisting of magnetically coupled LC resonators
Authors: Yatsugi Kenichi , Pandarakone Shrinathan Esakimuthu , Iizuka Hideo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHigher-order topological insulators are attracting attention from fundamental interest to fascinating applications, owing to the topological properties with higher-order topological corner states. Breathing kagome lattice is a prospective platform which can support higher-order topological corner states. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that higher-order topological corner states are supported in a breathing kagome lattice consisting of magnetically coupled resonant coils. The winding direction of each coil is determined to hold C3 symmetry for each triangle unit cell, enabling to emerge higher-order topological corner states. In addition, topological and trivial phases can be switched by changing the distances between the coils. The emergence of corner states in the topological phase is experimentally observed through admittance measurements. As an illustration, wireless power transfer is performed between the corner states, and between the bulk and corner states. The proposed configuration is a promising platform for not only investigating topological properties of the breathing kagome lattice but also an alternative mechanism of selective wireless power transfer.
Evaluation of airway involvement and treatment in patients with relapsing polychondritis
Authors: Handa Hiroshi , Ooka Seido , Shimizu Jun , Suzuki Noboru , Mineshita Masamichi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAirway involvement in relapsing polychondritis (RP) can be debilitating and life threatening, often requiring interventional procedures. If standard therapies including systemic corticosteroid and immunosuppressive agents are ineffective, airway stenting is often required. Recently, biologics have been reported to be effective for RP, and the early administration of biologics may avoid airway stenting. To evaluate survival rates and treatment approaches, medical records of RP patients with airway involvement were reviewed. These cases were divided into the following groups: with and without malacia, stenting and non-stenting, and with and without biologics. Kaplan–Meier was used to calculate survival rates and log rank tests were used to analyze biologics groups. A total of 77 patients were enrolled. Airway stenting was performed in 13 patients, all of which developed airway malacia. The stenting group had significantly lower survival rates than the non-stenting group (p < 0.001). Stent-related complications were granulation tissue (85%) and mucostasis (69%). In the non-stenting group, a lower mortality rate was observed. A significantly higher survival rate was seen in patients administered biologics than without (p = 0.014). The early administration of biologics shows promise in preventing severe airway disorders that require airway stenting.
Adaptable platform for trapped cold electrons, hydrogen and lithium anions and cations
Authors: Azevedo L. O. A. , Costa R. J. S. , Wolff W. , Oliveira A. N. , Sacramento R. L. , Silveira D. M. , Cesar C. L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCold cations, electrons and anions are ubiquitous in space, participate in star formation chemistry and are relevant to studies on the origin of molecular biology homochirality. We report on a system to generate and trap these species in the laboratory. Laser ablation of a solid target (LiH) facing a sublimating Ne matrix generates cold electrons, anions, and cations. Axial energy distributions (of $${{{{{{\rm{e}}}}}}}^{-}$$

e

−

, $${{{{{{\rm{H}}}}}}}^{\pm }$$

H

±

and $${{{{{{\rm{Li}}}}}}}^{\pm }$$

Li

±

) peaked at 0–25 meV are obtained in a Penning trap at 90 mT and 0.5 eV barrier. Anions can be guided and neutralized with low recoil energy by near–threshold photodetachment. An immediate prospect for this $${{{{{{\rm{H}}}}}}}^{-}$$

H

−

source is to load hydrogen atoms into the ALPHA antihydrogen trap at CERN toward direct spectroscopic comparison of both conjugated species beyond 13 significant figures. The production is potentially scalable and adaptable to different species including deuterium and tritium, relevant for neutrino mass and fusion research.
Joint optimization of recommendation and caching based on user preference prediction
Authors: Chen Xiaoqi , Zhu Qi , Hua Yu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe development of the Internet of things brings exponential growth of wireless traffic, which puts great pressure on the backhaul link. The proactive caching of some contents in the edge device of mobile network can effectively reduce the repeated transmission of the same contents and relieve the burden of the backhaul link. Moreover, the introduction of recommendation mechanisms can reshape user's request and improve cache hit ratio. However, the optimization of recommendation and caching decisions is highly dependent on the users’ preference information for files. Here, a joint optimization algorithm of recommendation and caching based on users’ preference prediction with multiple base stations cooperative caching is proposed. To improve the caching efficiency, the Deep Crossing model is adopted to predict users’ preferences. Under the constraints of cache capacity, recommendation quantity and bandwidth, an optimization problem to minimize the total transmission delay of the system is formulated. Then, the NP‐hardness of the proposed optimization problem is proved and it is decoupled it into three sub‐problems, namely recommendation, user access and caching optimization sub‐problems. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce the total transmission delay of the system.
Prescribed performance fault‐tolerant attitude control for flexible spacecraft under limited communication network
Authors: Liu Ming , Liu Qiuhong , Yue Chengfei , Li Huayi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the prescribed performance fault‐tolerant attitude tracking control for flexible spacecraft under limited communication network, where the controller and the actuator are connected via wireless network. The hysteresis quantizer is employed to quantize the control signal, which can reduce the communication burden of the network onboard. First, a novel iterative learning observer is developed by combining with neural‐network approximation method to reconstruct the actuator faults and estimate the unmeasurable nonlinear rigid‐flexible dynamics simultaneously. Then, the signal quantization technique is introduced for control command quantization, and the concerned parametric quantization error is given. Based on the learning observer output, prescribed performance design procedure, and a quantization error compensation method, an active fault‐tolerant control strategy is developed for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking to deal with actuator faults, unmeasurable system nonlinearity, quantization errors, and external disturbances. The stability analysis of the closed‐loop system proves that the quantization errors, modal vibrations, disturbances can be effectively rejected, moreover, the convergence of the transformed performance states and angular velocity states can be guaranteed, which achieves the tracking problem with predetermined transient‐state and steady‐state performance requirements. Finally, a numerical simulation is conducted to illustrate the validness of the proposed control strategy.
Image feature learning combined with attention‐based spectral representation for spatio‐temporal photovoltaic power prediction
Authors: Guo Xingchen , Lai Jing , Zheng Zhou , Lin Chenxiang , Dai Yuxing , Xu Xuexin , San Haisheng , Jia Rong , Zhang Zhihong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractClean energy is a major trend. The importance of photovoltaic power generation is also growing. Photovoltaic power generation is mainly affected by the weather. It is full of uncertainties. Previous work has relied chiefly on historical photovoltaics data for time series forecasts. However, unforeseen weather conditions can sometimes skew. Consequently, a spatial‐temporal‐meteorological‐long short‐term memory prediction model (STM‐LSTM) is proposed to compensate for the shortage of photovoltaic prediction models for uncertainties. This model can simultaneously process satellite image data, historical meteorological data, and historical power generation data. In this way, historical patterns and meteorological change information are extracted to improve the accuracy of photovoltaic prediction. STM‐LSTM processes raw satellite data to obtain cloud image data. It can extract cloud motion information using the dense optical flow method. First, the cloud images are processed to extract cloud position information. By adaptive attentive learning of images in different bands, a better representation for subsequent tasks can be obtained. Second, it is important to process historical meteorological data to learn meteorological change patterns. Last but not least, the historical photovoltaic power generation sequences are combined to obtain the final photovoltaic prediction results. After a series of experimental validation, the performance of the proposed STM‐LSTM model has a good improvement compared with the baseline model.