bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the manifestness of assumptions
Authors: Maillat Didier 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Right from the outset, relevance theory (Sperber and Wilson 1986/1995) tried to define interpretation as a process of context elaboration. Interpretation is seen as a path of least effort leading to the selection of a set of most accessible assumptions. One of the central aspects of this context elaboration process lies in the fact that contextual assumptions are not randomly scattered in the hearer’s cognitive environment. Instead, relevance theory claims that there are some organising principles ordering contextual assumptions and determining which will be accessed first and, therefore, which will be retained as part of the optimally relevant interpretation.
The main organising principle is captured by the notion of manifestness, which combines two distinct properties of contextual assumptions: their accessibility and their strength in the cognitive environment. Sperber and Wilson (1986/1995) define them as a function of the processing history of an assumption for the former and the confidence with which an assumption is held for the latter.
In this paper, I will explore the explanatory potential of manifestness by putting the notions of strength and accessibility to work on two current trends in pragmatic research, namely commitment (Ifantidou 2001; Boulat and Maillat 2017, 2023; Mazzarella et al. 2018; Bonalumi et al. 2020) and emotion (Moeschler 2009; Dezecache et al. 2013, 2015; Wharton and Strey 2019; Wilson and Carston 2019; Saussure and Wharton 2020; Wharton et al. 2021). My goal will be to show how these two dimensions of manifestness, as they were developed in the very early days of RT, can provide us with new theoretical insights in the study of human communication. In this paper, I will argue that, beyond their usefulness in providing a guiding principle for the comprehension procedure, the strength and accessibility of contextual assumptions can also advantageously shed light on other phenomena like commitment and emotions.
Phase transitions in the driven lattice gas (TASEP) with repulsive energies
Authors: Baumgaertner A , Narasimhan S L 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe report on non-equilibrium phase transitions in the driven lattice gas model totally asymmetric exclusion processes caused by nearest-neighbor (NN) repulsions between particles,ɛ > 0, employing extensive Monte Carlo simulations and mean-field calculations. The diagra of phase regimes has five different regimes which are separated by distinct boundaries. We discuss the density of particles and the current which depend differently in the various regimes on the system’s entry and exit rates of particles,αandβ, respectively. The steady state can be described by quasi-particles called ‘soft dimerons’, where each dimeron consists of a particle dragging an empty NN site on its left. The asymptotic state of dimerons atε→∞is equivalent to the state of hard dimers atɛ = 0. Since the model is a uni-directional fluid, it has an internal hydrodynamic pressure which increases with increasing inter-particle repulsionɛ. This leads to a collective effect which causes phase transitions between high and low densities of particles at certain critical pointsɛc.
A guided light system for agile individual addressing of Ba+ qubits with 10−4 level intensity crosstalk
Authors: Binai-Motlagh Ali , L Day Matthew , Videnov Nikolay , Greenberg Noah , Senko Crystal , Islam Rajibul 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Trapped ions are one of the leading platforms for quantum information processing, exhibiting the highest gate and measurement fidelities of all contending hardware. In order to realize a universal quantum computer with trapped ions, independent and parallel control over the state of each qubit is necessary. The manipulation of individual qubit states in an ion chain via stimulated Raman transitions generally requires light focused on individual ions. In this manuscript, we present a novel, guided-light individual addressing system for hyperfine Ba+ qubits. The system takes advantage of laser-written waveguide technology, enabled by the atomic structure of Ba+, allowing the use of visible light to drive Raman transitions. Such waveguides define the spatial mode of light, suppressing aberrations that would have otherwise accumulated in a free-space optics set up. As a result, we demonstrate a nearest neighbor relative intensity crosstalk on the order of 10−4, without any active aberration compensation. This is comparable to or better than other previous demonstrations of individual addressing. At the same time, our modular approach provides independent and agile control over the amplitude, frequency, and phase of each channel; combining the strengths of previous implementations.
Influence of surface effect on post-buckling behavior of piezoelectric nanobeams
Authors: Yang Fan , Song Xianlai , Wang Xuyang , Chen Zengtao , Yang Weilin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Piezoelectric nanobeams with excellent mechanical, thermal and electrical properties are important components in micro-nano electromechanical systems, which are widely used as sensors, brakes and resonators. Based on the Euler–Bernoulli beam model, the influence of surface effect on the post-buckling behaviour of piezoelectric nanobeams is analysed. According to the surface elasticity theory and the ‘core–shell’ model, the surface energy model is used to introduce the influence of surface effect. The governing equations and boundary conditions of the post-buckling of piezoelectric nanobeams under the influence of surface effect are derived by the principle of minimum potential energy. The analytical solution of post-buckling is obtained by the eigenvalue method. The influence of surface effect on the post-buckling configuration, post-buckling path, amount of induced charge and critical load of piezoelectric nanobeams with different external constraints and cross-sectional dimensions are discussed. The results show that surface effect has a significant influence on the post-buckling of piezoelectric nanobeams. Considering surface effect, the effective elastic modulus and critical load of piezoelectric nanobeams are increased, and the post-buckling configuration, post-buckling path and amount of induced charge are reduced. These findings contribute to the study of micro-nano electromechanical systems based on nanobeam structures and provide a theoretical basis for the design and manufacture of nanodevices.
A biology-driven deep generative model for cell-type annotation in cytometry
Authors: Blampey Quentin , Bercovici Nadège , Dutertre Charles-Antoine , Pic Isabelle , Ribeiro Joana Mourato , André Fabrice , Cournède Paul-Henry 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Cytometry enables precise single-cell phenotyping within heterogeneous populations. These cell types are traditionally annotated via manual gating, but this method lacks reproducibility and sensitivity to batch effect. Also, the most recent cytometers—spectral flow or mass cytometers—create rich and high-dimensional data whose analysis via manual gating becomes challenging and time-consuming. To tackle these limitations, we introduce Scyan https://github.com/MICS-Lab/scyan, a Single-cell Cytometry Annotation Network that automatically annotates cell types using only prior expert knowledge about the cytometry panel. For this, it uses a normalizing flow—a type of deep generative model—that maps protein expressions into a biologically relevant latent space. We demonstrate that Scyan significantly outperforms the related state-of-the-art models on multiple public datasets while being faster and interpretable. In addition, Scyan overcomes several complementary tasks, such as batch-effect correction, debarcoding and population discovery. Overall, this model accelerates and eases cell population characterization, quantification and discovery in cytometry.
Covariate-adjusted log-rank test: guaranteed efficiency gain and universal applicability
Authors: Ye Ting , Shao Jun , Yi Yanyao 
Published: July 2023

Summary
Nonparametric covariate adjustment is considered for log-rank-type tests of the treatment effect with right-censored time-to-event data from clinical trials applying covariate-adaptive randomization. Our proposed covariate-adjusted log-rank test has a simple explicit formula and a guaranteed efficiency gain over the unadjusted test. We also show that our proposed test achieves universal applicability in the sense that the same formula of test can be universally applied to simple randomization and all commonly used covariate-adaptive randomization schemes such as the stratified permuted block and the Pocock–Simon minimization, which is not a property enjoyed by the unadjusted log-rank test. Our method is supported by novel asymptotic theory and empirical results for Type-I error and power of tests.
Defining Magnetic Resonance Imaging Treatment Response and Remission in Crohn’s Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Caron Bénédicte , Jairath Vipul , Laurent Valérie , Stoker Jaap , Laghi Andrea , D’Haens Geert R , Danese Silvio , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Magnetic resonance imaging is increasingly used to assess treatment response in Crohn’s disease clinical trials. We aimed to describe the definition of MRI response and remission as assessed by magnetic resonance enterography [MRE] to evaluate treatment efficacy in these patients.

Methods
Electronic databases were searched up to May 1, 2023. All published studies enrolling patients with inflammatory bowel disease and assessment of treatment efficacy with MRE were eligible for inclusion.

Results
Eighteen studies were included. All studies were performed in patients with Crohn’s disease. The study period ranged from 2008 to 2023. The majority of studies used endoscopy as the reference standard [61.1%]. MRE response was defined in 11 studies [61.1%]. Five scores and nine different definitions were proposed for MRE response. MRE remission was defined in 12 studies [66.7%]. Three scores and nine different definitions for MRE remission were described. The MaRIA score was the most frequent index used to evaluate MRE response [63.6%] and remission [41.7%]. MRE response was defined as MaRIA score &lt;11 in 63.6% of studies using this index. In 60% of studies using the MaRIA score, MRE remission was defined as MaRIA score &lt;7. In addition, 11 different time points of assessment were reported, ranging from 6 weeks to years.

Conclusion
In this systematic review, significant heterogeneity in the definition of MRE response and remission evaluated in patients with Crohn’s disease was observed. Harmonization of eligibility and outcome criteria for MRE in Crohn’s Disease clinical trials is needed.
Regulatory Variants on the Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor Gene Cluster are Associated with Crohn’s Disease and Interact with Regulatory Variants for TAP2
Authors: Kim Kwangwoo , Oh Shin Ju , Lee Junho , Kwon Ayeong , Yu Chae-Yeon , Kim Sangsoo , Choi Chang Hwan , Kang Sang-Bum , Kim Tae Oh , Park Dong Il , Lee Chang Kyun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Crohn’s disease [CD] has a complex polygenic aetiology with high heritability. There is ongoing effort to identify novel variants associated with susceptibility to CD through a genome-wide association study [GWAS] in large Korean populations.

Methods
Genome-wide variant data from 902 Korean patients with CD and 72 179 controls were used to assess the genetic associations in a meta-analysis with previous Korean GWAS results from 1621 patients with CD and 4419 controls. Epistatic interactions between CD-risk variants of interest were tested using a multivariate logistic regression model with an interaction term.

Results
We identified two novel genetic associations with the risk of CD near ZBTB38 and within the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor [LILR] gene cluster [p &lt; 5 × 10−8], with highly consistent effect sizes between the two independent Korean cohorts. CD-risk variants in the LILR locus are known quantitative trait loci [QTL] for multiple LILR genes, of which LILRB2 directly interacts with various ligands including MHC class I molecules. The LILR lead variant exhibited a significant epistatic interaction with CD-associated regulatory variants for TAP2 involved in the antigen presentation of MHC class I molecules [p = 4.11 × 10−4], showing higher CD-risk effects of the TAP2 variant in individuals carrying more risk alleles of the LILR lead variant (odds ratio [OR] = 0.941, p = 0.686 in non-carriers; OR = 1.45, p = 2.51 × 10−4 in single-copy carriers; OR = 2.38, p = 2.76 × 10−6 in two-copy carriers).

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that genetic variants at two novel susceptibility loci and the epistatic interaction between variants in LILR and TAP2 loci confer a risk of CD.
An augmented reality–based method to assess precordial electrocardiogram leads: a feasibility trial
Authors: Serfözö Peter Daniel , Sandkühler Robin , Blümke Bibiana , Matthisson Emil , Meier Jana , Odermatt Jolein , Badertscher Patrick , Sticherling Christian , Strebel Ivo , Cattin Philippe C , Eckstein Jens 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Aims
It has been demonstrated that several cardiac pathologies, including myocardial ischaemia, can be detected using smartwatch electrocardiograms (ECGs). Correct placement of bipolar chest leads remains a major challenge in the outpatient population.

Methods and results
In this feasibility trial, we propose an augmented reality–based smartphone app that guides the user to place the smartwatch in predefined positions on the chest using the front camera of a smartphone. A machine-learning model using MobileNet_v2 as the backbone was trained to detect the bipolar lead positions V1–V6 and visually project them onto the user’s chest. Following the smartwatch recordings, a conventional 10 s, 12-lead ECG was recorded for comparison purposes. All 50 patients participating in the study were able to conduct a 9-lead smartwatch ECG using the app and assistance from the study team. Twelve patients were able to record all the limb and chest leads using the app without additional support. Bipolar chest leads recorded with smartwatch ECGs were assigned to standard unipolar Wilson leads by blinded cardiologists based on visual characteristics. In every lead, at least 86% of the ECGs were assigned correctly, indicating the remarkable similarity of the smartwatch to standard ECG recordings.

Conclusion
We have introduced an augmented reality–based method to independently record multichannel smartwatch ECGs in an outpatient setting.
Confounding adjustment in observational studies on cardiothoracic interventions: a systematic review of methodological practice
Authors: Velders Bart J J , Boltje J W Taco , Vriesendorp Michiel D , Klautz Robert J M , Le Cessie Saskia , Groenwold Rolf H H 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
It is unknown which confounding adjustment methods are currently used in the field of cardiothoracic surgery and whether these are appropriately applied. The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the quality of conduct and reporting of confounding adjustment methods in observational studies on cardiothoracic interventions.

METHODS
A systematic review was performed, which included all observational studies that compared different interventions and were published between 1 January and 1 July 2022, in 3 European and American cardiothoracic surgery journals. Detailed information on confounding adjustment methods was extracted and subsequently described.

RESULTS
Ninety-two articles were included in the analysis. Outcome regression (n = 49, 53%) and propensity score (PS) matching (n = 44, 48%) were most popular (sometimes used in combination), whereas 11 (12%) studies applied no method at all. The way of selecting confounders was not reported in 42 (46%) of the studies, solely based on previous literature or clinical knowledge in 14 (16%), and (partly) data-driven in 25 (27%). For the studies that applied PS matching, the matched cohorts comprised on average 46% of the entire study population (range 9–82%).

CONCLUSIONS
Current reporting of confounding adjustment methods is insufficient in a large part of observational studies on cardiothoracic interventions, which makes quality judgement difficult. Appropriate application of confounding adjustment methods is crucial for causal inference on optimal treatment strategies for clinical practice. Reporting on these methods is an important aspect of this, which can be improved.
Does orthodontic treatment improve the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life when assessed using the Malocclusion Impact Questionnaire—a 3-year prospective longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Peter Elbe , Monisha J , Edward Benson Philip , Ani George Suja 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To assess the change in Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) following orthodontic treatment using the Malocclusion Impact Questionnaire (MIQ) and to test the responsiveness of MIQ to treatment-associated changes.

Methods
A longitudinal prospective cohort study, in an orthodontic postgraduate centre, Kerala, India. Patients under 18 years were invited to complete the MIQ before the start of treatment (T0) and 1 month after treatment completion (T1). TheIndex of Orthodontic Treatment Need and Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) scores were assessed at both time periods as well as a global transition judgement at T1.

Results
Two hundred and ten participants were recruited and 162 completed both questionnaires (45.1% males; 54.9% females; age = 12–18 years, mean = 16.8; SD = 1.7). There was large reduction in MIQ scores from T0 (mean = 28.1, SD = 6.1) to T1 (mean = 3.7, SD = 2.6). 53% reported a large improvement in oral health and related life quality after treatment, 32% minimal change, and 15% no change. None reported worsening in OHRQoL at T1. There was a significant positive correlation between change in MIQ score and change in PAR score (r = 0.358), pretreatment aesthetic component (rho = 0.467) and dental health component (rho = 0.491) of the index of orthodontic treatment (IOTN-DHC), and treatment time (rho = 0.502). Regression analysis revealed the change in PAR score and pretreatment IOTN-DHC to be independent predictors of change in MIQ score. Standardized effect size (4.0) and standardized response mean (2.9) were large and the minimal important difference was 7.7. Receiver operating characteristic analysis reported a high diagnostic accuracy of MIQ.

Conclusions
There was a significant improvement in OHRQoL following orthodontic treatment when assessed using a condition-specific measure for malocclusion. MIQ was found to be responsive to changes associated with orthodontic treatment.
Psychosocial adaptation profiles in young and middle-aged patients with acute myocardial infarction: a latent profile analysis
Authors: Xiong Jia-ming , Su Jin , Ke Qi-qi , Li Yao-xia , Gong Ni , Yang Qiao-hong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Aims
We sought to explore the latent classifications of psychosocial adaptation in young and middle-aged patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and analyse the characteristics of different profiles of AMI patients.

Methods and results
A cross-sectional study was performed in 438 Chinese young and middle-aged patients with AMI. The investigation time was 1 month after discharge. Three different self-report instruments were distributed to the participants, including the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Social Support Rating Scale. The seven dimensions of the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale were then used to perform a latent profile analysis. All participants signed informed consent forms in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Finally, a total of 411 young and middle-aged AMI patients were enrolled. Three distinct profiles were identified, including the ‘well-adapted group’ (44.8%), ‘highlight in psychological burdens group’ (25.5%), and ‘poorly adapted group’ (29.7%). The influencing factors included stress perception, social support, occupational type, and marital status (P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusion
The psychosocial adaptation of young and middle-aged AMI patients can be divided into three profiles. Clinical nurses can carry out individualized psychological interventions according to the characteristics of patients in different potential profiles to improve the psychosocial adaptation of patients and the prognosis of their disease.
Occupational radiation exposure of electrophysiology staff with reproductive potential and during pregnancy: an EHRA survey
Authors: Adeliño Raquel , Malaczynska-Rajpold Katarzyna , Perrotta Laura , Manninger Martin , Vanduynhoven Philippe , Nesti Martina , Goanță Emilia-Violeta , Waldmann Victor , Pavlovic Nikola , Farkowski Michal M , Guerra Jose M , Penela Diego , Boveda Serge , Chun Julian K R 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Aims
Electrophysiology (EP) is a growing field in cardiology, with an increasing involvement of young people. Nevertheless, concerns about radiation exposure and its impact on reproduction and pregnancy may discourage the choice of an EP career. The study is aimed at investigating the level of awareness and main sources of concern about the effects of radiation on reproductive potential and pregnancy, exploring the safety measures adopted in different EP labs, and verifying the adherence to the current guidelines.

Methods and results
An online survey was conducted using the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) infrastructure from April to June 2022. A total of 252 EP personnel (42% women) participated, from 50 countries and different professional roles. Most participants expressed concerns regarding the effects of radiation on reproductive capacity (67.1%) and offspring diseases (68.2%). Only 37.9% of participants were aware of the EHRA 2017 consensus document about occupational radiation exposure. Most participants (80.9%) considered that occupational radiation during pregnancy is not safe. EP female staff were not allowed to work in the EP lab during pregnancy in 48.1% of cases. Zero-fluoroscopy was the preferred choice to continue working in the EP lab during pregnancy.

Conclusion
EP staff, including both men and women, have concerns about the effects of radiation on reproductive capacity. Despite the recommendations issued by international bodies, implementation of the policies regarding pregnancy and occupational radiation exposure is heterogeneous. Zero-fluoroscopy is the preferred approach to ensure safety during pregnancy in the EP lab.