bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automating the treatment planning process for 3D‐conformal pediatric craniospinal irradiation therapy
Authors: Hernandez Soleil , Nguyen Callistus , Parkes Jeannette , Burger Hester , Rhee Dong Joo , Netherton Tucker , Mumme Raymond , Vega Jean Gumma‐De La , Duryea Jack , Leone Alexandrea , Paulino Arnold C. , Cardenas Carlos , Howell Rebecca , Fuentes David , Pollard‐Larkin Julianne , Court Laurence 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposePediatric patients with medulloblastoma in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) are most treated with 3D‐conformal photon craniospinal irradiation (CSI), a time‐consuming, complex treatment to plan, especially in resource‐constrained settings. Therefore, we developed and tested a 3D‐conformal CSI autoplanning tool for varying patient lengths.Methods and materialsAutocontours were generated with a deep learning model trained:tested (80:20 ratio) on 143 pediatric medulloblastoma CT scans (patient ages: 2–19 years, median = 7 years). Using the verified autocontours, the autoplanning tool generated two lateral brain fields matched to a single spine field, an extended single spine field, or two matched spine fields. Additional spine subfields were added to optimize the corresponding dose distribution. Feathering was implemented (yielding nine to 12 fields) to give a composite plan. Each planning approach was tested on six patients (ages 3–10 years). A pediatric radiation oncologist assessed clinical acceptability of each autoplan.ResultsThe autocontoured structures’ average Dice similarity coefficient ranged from .65 to .98. The average V95 for the brain/spinal canal for single, extended, and multi‐field spine configurations was 99.9% ± 0.06%/99.9% ± 0.10%, 99.9% ± 0.07%/99.4% ± 0.30%, and 99.9% ± 0.06%/99.4% ± 0.40%, respectively. The average maximum dose across all field configurations to the brainstem, eyes (L/R), lenses (L/R), and spinal cord were 23.7 ± 0.08, 24.1 ± 0.28, 13.3 ± 5.27, and 25.5 ± 0.34 Gy, respectively (prescription = 23.4 Gy/13 fractions). Of the 18 plans tested, all were scored as clinically acceptable as‐is or clinically acceptable with minor, time‐efficient edits preferred or required. No plans were scored as clinically unacceptable.ConclusionThe autoplanning tool successfully generated pediatric CSI plans for varying patient lengths in 3.50 ± 0.4 minutes on average, indicating potential for an efficient planning aid in a resource‐constrained settings.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of cell‐free DNA testing for detection of fetal sex chromosome aneuploidy
Authors: Shear Matthew A. , Swanson Kate , Garg Ria , Jelin Angie C. , Boscardin John , Norton Mary E. , Sparks Teresa N. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe aim was to determine the accuracy of cell‐free DNA testing (cfDNA) for detecting sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCA) in singleton pregnancies.MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis was performed to assess cfDNA accuracy for prenatal detection of 45,X, 47,XXY, 47,XXX and 47,XYY. Inclusion was restricted to studies published between January 2010 and December 2021 reporting both cfDNA and confirmatory diagnostic test results.ResultsFor 45,X, the sensitivity was 98.8% (95%CI 94.6%–100%), specificity 99.4% (95%CI 98.7%–99.9%) and positive predictive value (PPV) 14.5% (95%CI 7.0%–43.8%). For 47,XXY, the sensitivity was 100% (95%CI 99.6%–100%), specificity 100% (95%CI 99.9%–100%) and PPV 97.7% (95%CI 78.6%–100%). For 47,XXX, the sensitivity was 100% (95%CI 96.9%–100%), specificity 99.9% (95%CI 99.7%–100%) and PPV 61.6% (95%CI 37.6%–95.4%). For 47,XYY, the sensitivity was 100% (95%CI 91.3%–100%), specificity 100% (95% CI 100%–100%) and PPV 100% (95%CI 76.5%–100%). All four SCAs had estimated negative predictive values (NPV) exceeding 99.99%, though false negatives were reported.ConclusionsThis analysis suggests that cfDNA is a reliable screening test for SCA, though both false negatives and false positives were reported. These estimates of test performance are derived from pregnancies at high pretest risk for aneuploidy, limiting the generalisability to average risk pregnancies.
Impact of the United Network for Organ Sharing policy change on induction immunosuppression practice patterns and outcomes in adult heart transplant recipients
Authors: Jennings Douglas L. , Baker William L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe evaluated whether the new allocation system altered induction practice patterns and affected outcomes in adult HT recipients.DesignRetrospective, observational, cohort study.Data SourceThis study used data from the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database.PatientsWe included adults (18+ years of age) who had undergone HT and received induction immunosuppression and were stratified based on surgery being before (January 1, 2015–May 31, 2018) and after (May 1, 2018–December 31, 2021) the UNOS allocation policy change.MeasurementsOutcomes of 30‐day mortality, 1‐year mortality, and 1‐year graft failure were compared between those transplanted before and after the policy change through risk‐adjusted Cox proportional hazards models while drug‐treated rejection in the first year was compared using multiple logistic regression.ResultsOf the 7845 HT recipients who received induction therapy, 5070 (64.6%) were transplanted before and 2775 (35.4%) after the UNOS policy change. The most used induction agents were basiliximab (56.0%) and thymoglobulin (39.3%), with thymoglobulin used more often in the new (43.1%) than old system (37.2%; p < 0.001). Among adult HT recipients who received induction, risk‐adjusted hazards of 30‐day mortality (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.67–1.18), 1‐year mortality (HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.84–1.19), and 1‐year graft failure (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.60–1.15) were similar between the old and new systems. Conversely, the adjusted odds of drug‐treated rejection in the first year was lower in the new system (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.38–0.72).ConclusionsHT recipients in the new allocation system were more likely to receive thymoglobulin induction, which may be associated with a reduced risk of drug‐treated rejection.
Vorstoß in die Terahertz‐Lücke
Authors: Deinert Jan‐Christoph , Kovalev Sergey , Gensch Michael 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Terahertz‐Frequenzbereich umfasst ein technisch wenig erschlossenes Grenzgebiet im elektromagnetischen Spektrum. Es ist aber besonders interessant, weil es im niederenergetischen Bereich viele Eigenfrequenzen verschiedener, komplexer Quantenphänomene enthält. Dafür stehen neuerdings intensive Terahertz‐Pulse aus spezialisierten Elektronenbeschleunigern zur Verfügung. Solche superradianten Hochleistungs‐Terahertz‐Quellen sind wichtige Großgeräte zur Erforschung der nichtlinearen Dynamik niederenergetischer Freiheitsgrade in Materie. Teil 2 im nächsten Heft wird zeigen, wie damit neue Materialien wie topologische Isolatoren erforscht werden können.
Windenergie in der Deutschen Bucht
Authors: Kleidon Axel 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungEin wesentlicher Beitrag zur Energiewende wird von Offshore‐Windenergie in der deutschen Bucht erwartet. Wegen der starken und steten Winde erscheint die Offshore‐Stromerzeugung als sehr effizient. Für 2050 geht die Bundesregierung von einer installierten Leistung von 70 GW aus, also einer Verzehnfachung im Vergleich zu heute. Was passiert aber, wenn so viele Windturbinen dem Wind ihre Energie entziehen? Das lässt sich mithilfe der kinetischen Energiebilanz der Atmosphäre über den Windparks leicht ermitteln. Da der Eintrag von Bewegungsenergie begrenzt ist, müssen mit zunehmender Nutzung der Windenergie die Windgeschwindigkeiten in der Region sinken – und damit die Effizienz der Turbinen. Es wird also weniger Strom erzeugt, als man ohne diesen Effekt erwarten würde. Bei 70 GW würde das die Stromerzeugung um bis zu 40 % reduzieren. Trotzdem könnte sie einen großen Teil des gegenwärtigen Strombedarfs abdecken. Für die effiziente Windenergienutzung auf dem Meer empfiehlt es sich daher, Windparks möglichst weit verstreut zu planen, damit man ihren Einfluss auf die Windfelder verringert.
Bio‐based polyurethane‐graphene composites for adhesive application
Authors: Tiwari Shivam , Chhaunker Sanjai , Maiti Pralay 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNatural oil‐based polyurethanes are prepared through solvent‐less and easily processable approach for adhesive applications. The polyurethane is optimized through varying the volume fractions of the precursors which was then confirmed through the different analyses to achieve the better combination for composite formation with graphene. The graphene‐polyurethane composites are processed in a simple hand mixing process with different graphene loadings and the role of the addition of graphene is studied using different analyses. The addition of graphene and the interaction with the polymer is well established through structural and thermal studies. The increase in the mechanical property with the addition of graphene to adequate amount at room temperature confirms better interfacial interaction with the polymer. The maximum peel strength obtained for the PU is around 1.05 N/mm, which supports the applicability of the prepared material for adhesive‐based applications.
Developing quantitative assays for six urinary glycoproteins using parallel reaction monitoring, data‐independent acquisition, and TMT‐based data‐dependent acquisition
Authors: Ponce Sean , Zhang Hui 
Published: January 2023

AbstractQuantitative approaches encompassing parallel reaction monitoring (PRM), data‐independent acquisition (DIA), and data‐dependent acquisition (DDA) are commonly used to investigate protein expression profiles. However, analytical performances of assays developed using PRM, DIA, and Tandem Mass Tag (TMT)‐based DDA for quantitative proteomics have yet not been investigated. Here, we developed assays for glycopeptides identified from six glycoproteins, including Leucine‐rich alpha‐2‐glycoprotein (LRG1), Prostaglandin‐H2 D‐isomerase (PTGDS), Aminopeptidase N (ANPEP), CD63 antigen (CD63), Clusterin (CLU), and Prostatic acid phosphatase (ACPP), using PRM, DDA, and DIA and evaluated the analytical performances of each assay using the different acquisition modes. We also compared assays in each acquisition mode on three different orbitrap instruments: Thermo Fisher Q Exactive, Exploris 480, and Lumos. We found that DIA showed the largest linear range, highest sensitivity, and most reproducibility. We then applied our developed DIA assays to urine samples from non‐aggressive (n = 48) and aggressive (n = 35) prostate cancer patients. In conclusion, we developed assays for the six glycoproteins, evaluated the analytical performances of each assay in DIA, PRM, and PRM acquisition modes on three types of mass spectrometry instruments, and chose the DIA assays for the quantitative analysis of urine samples from patients with aggressive and non‐aggressive prostate cancer.
Omics insights into extracellular vesicles in embryo implantation and their therapeutic utility
Authors: Poh Qi Hui , Rai Alin , Salamonsen Lois A. , Greening David W. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractImplantation success relies on intricate interplay between the developing embryo and the maternal endometrium. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent an important player of this intercellular signalling through delivery of functional cargo (proteins and RNAs) that reprogram the target cells protein and RNA landscape. Functionally, the signalling reciprocity of endometrial and embryo EVs regulates the site of implantation, preimplantation embryo development and hatching, antioxidative activity, embryo attachment, trophoblast invasion, arterial remodelling, and immune tolerance. Omics technologies including mass spectrometry have been instrumental in dissecting EV cargo that regulate these processes as well as molecular changes in embryo and endometrium to facilitate implantation. This has also led to discovery of potential cargo in EVs in human uterine fluid (UF) and embryo spent media (ESM) of diagnostic and therapeutic value in implantation success, fertility, and pregnancy outcome. This review discusses the contribution of EVs in functional hallmarks of embryo implantation, and how the integration of various omics technologies is enabling design of EV‐based diagnostic and therapeutic platforms in reproductive medicine.
The role of receptor‐type protein tyrosine phosphatases in cancer
Authors: Lv Zhengyuan , Wang Tianming , Cao Xin , Sun Mengting , Qu Yuan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractReceptor‐type protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs), Class I protein tyrosine phosphatases, are involved in human tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion through reversible phosphorylation of tyrosine residues. This review summarizes the expression and role of RPTPs in cancer and illustrates the signaling pathway mechanisms of effecting oncogenesis, tumor progression, prognosis, and angiogenesis, so as to provide more effective targets for gene therapy of related cancers.
ALKBH5 involves in osteosarcoma tumor progression by mediating Notch signaling
Authors: Chen Dagui , Zhao Jiebing , Tian Hao , Shang Fusheng , Feng Jianjun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractALKBH5 is the major demethylase of ribonuclease m6A and exerts these multiple biological functions in cancer. In this study, we mainly explore the use of ALKBH5 in the development and progression of osteosarcoma and elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms by which it functions. Relative to human osteoblast cell lines (NHOst), we detected ALKBH5 expression in osteosarcoma cell lines (HOS, U2OS, and MG‐63) by RT‐PCR and western blot. By overexpression and knockout of ALKBH5 gene, to observe the effect of ALKBH5 on apoptosis, invasion and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) of osteosarcoma cells, as well as the effect of Notch signaling pathway. We found that ALKBH5 was significantly higher in osteosarcoma cell lines than in osteoblastic cell lines. In addition, ALKBH5 overexpression promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cells, and simultaneously activated Notch signaling pathway and up‐regulated E‐cadherin protein. Knockout of ALKBH5 inhibited these effects in osteosarcoma cells. It was also found that up‐regulation of ALKBH5 could promote the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells in vitro and in vivo. ALKBH5 can be involved in osteosarcoma development through Notch signaling pathway regulation. ALKBH5 is therefore expected to be a new target in the treatment of osteosarcoma.
Biological, surface, and wetting behavior of bio‐surfactants tank‐mixed with trifloxysulfuron‐sodium on Sorghum halepense
Authors: Aliverdi Akbar 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere is a public interest in developing bio‐surfactants due to their low toxicity and high biodegradation potential. However, their biological, surface, and behavior to use with agrochemicals has not been investigated.RESULTSCritical micelle concentrations (CMCs) for the synthetic surfactant dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DOSS), the bio‐surfactant rhamnolipid (RL), and the bio‐surfactant surfactin (SF) were 1200, 50, and 50 mg L−1, respectively. Based on the ability of the surfactants to reduce the surface tension of trifloxysulfuron‐sodium spray solution at 0.25 to 1× CMC, they are ranked SF > RL > DOSS, while at 1.5 to 4× CMC, they are ranked SF = RL > DOSS. Without surfactant, trifloxysulfuron‐sodium at 10.04 g ha−1 reduced johnsongrass growth up to 50% (ED50). At best, SF at 1 to 4× CMC halved ED50. Unlike DOSS, which increased ED50 (12.89 g ha−1) due to a phytotoxic effect, SF and RL at 4× CMC decreased ED50 (5.19 and 6.50 g ha−1, respectively) without a phytotoxic effect. A 5‐μl droplet containing SF dried faster due to greater spread on the leaf surface than other surfactants. Although the wetted area of the leaf with the droplet containing RL was wider than that of DOSS, it took longer to dry. This observation contradicts the previous theory.CONCLUSIONIn terms of dosage, safety, and efficacy, the RL and SF were comparable to DOSS in other tank‐mix with trifloxysulfuron‐sodium. It seems that RL also works as a humectant, while SF likely works as a wax solubilisant. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Corrosion Protection Evaluation of Copper Coated with a Block Copolymer and Block Coploymer/Carbon Black Nanoparticles in 3 wt% NaCl Solution
Authors: Masmoudi Fatma , Jedidi Ilyes , Amor Yasser Ben , Masmoudi Mohamed 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a successful preparation of SEBS (a copolymer polystyrene‐block‐poly (ethylene‐ran‐butylene)‐block‐polystyrene) and SEBS‐CB (SEBS‐Carbon Black nanoparticles) coatings on a copper surface following a well‐defined immersion protocol. Such coatings′ protection capacity was tested in a 3 wt% NaCl medium using potentiodynamic polarization, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance techniques (EIS). The electrochemical measurements indicate that SEBS and SEBS‐CB are cathodic‐type inhibitors mainly hindering the diffusion of oxygen molecules toward the copper substrate. It also indicates the decrease in chloride ion attack on the coated copper layer. Not only that, but it also affirms the decrease in
‘s transport to the bulk solution, resulting in our sample being further protected at more positive potential. Cu‐SEBS‐CB electrodes showed a slight improvement in corrosion protection compared to Cu‐SEBS electrodes. π‐π stacking was associated with improving the performance of these coatings. The keys functions of incorporating CB are improving the electrode conductivity and having a denser and more compact coating than that without CB. The order of inhibition efficiency obtained by potentiodynamic polarization is in good agreement with the results achieved by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Also, the inhibition efficiency of Cu‐SEBS and Cu‐SEBS‐CB increases with increasing the ratio of SEBS. Adsorption of SEBS and SEBS‐CB on copper surface follows the Langmuir isotherm.
Effects of Mesogenic Cycloaliphatic Units on the Microstructure and Properties of Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polyesters
Authors: Choi Eun‐Ji , Lee So‐Jeong , Jeong Young Gyu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe report the synthesis and structure‐property relationship of new thermotropic liquid crystalline polyesters (TLCPs) with different mesogenic cycloaliphatic unit content in the mainchain. For this purpose, a series of TLCPs composed of three different repeating units based on 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA, 75.0 mol%), 2‐hydroxy‐6‐naphthoic acid (HNA, 25.0–15.0 mol%), and terephthalic acid/1,4‐cyclohexanedimethanol (TPA/CHDM, 0.0–10.0 mol%) were synthesized via two‐step bulk polymerization. The structure, thermal and mechanical properties of the TLCPs were investigated by considering the effects of size and content of TPA/CHDM‐derived repeating units, in comparison to HNA‐based repeating units. Infrared spectroscopic data showed that TPA/CHDM‐derived repeating units were successfully incorporated into HBA/HNA‐based TLCPs. The polarized optical and electron microscopic images revealed the existence of thermotropic liquid crystalline features and associated fibrillar structures for all TLCPs. The melting temperatures of the TLCPs decreased with increasing the TPA/CHDM‐based repeating units, whereas the glass transition temperature increased, which is due to the trade‐off effect of the segmental mobility restriction in the amorphous phase and the destruction of the thermotropic liquid crystalline phase by the introduction of TPA/CHDM‐derived repeating units in the TLCP mainchain. In addition, the maximum elastic storage modulus was attained for the TLCP with 2.5 mol% TPA/CHDM‐derived repeating units.
Catalytic Steam Reforming of Ethanol to Produce Hydrogen: Modern and Efficient Catalyst Modification Strategies
Authors: El‐Salamony Radwa A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHydrogen is regarded as one of the most promising renewable energy that carriers with a high heating value for replacing fossil fuels and meeting clean energy requirements. Steam reforming has shown considerable promises in the creation of hydrogen. Many studies on catalytic steam reforming of ethanol have been published. Hence, developing efficient and stable catalysts capable of producing large H2 yields and ethanol conversion is a crucial step. Nickel is an essential industrial catalyst because it enhances hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions by promoting the scission of C−C bonds. Many studies have been conducted by employing noble metal‐based catalysts to reduce coke deposition and enhance metal stability against sintering since they are known to successfully break the C−C bond, resulting in less carbonaceous deposits and hence more stable catalysts. To avoid carbon production, alkaline promoters, and bimetallic heterogeneous catalysts are commonly utilized in catalysis. However, because huge amounts of by‐product CO2 produced by SRE courses are usually regarded as the primary cause of hydrogen purity degradation, it is recommended to remove CO2 in‐situ to achieve high hydrogen production.
Influence on Rheology and Microstructure of Nanosilica and Modified Polycarboxylate in Water‐Glass‐Activated Fly Ash/Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Geopolymers
Authors: Vanitha N. , Revathi T. , Jeyalakshmi R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study establishes the effect of nano silica (NS) in the alkali activator on the behaviour of rheology and microstructure of Alkali activated material. The rheological behaviour of the Fly ash (FA)‐Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) (4 : 1) activated using water glass of Ms 1.1 (SiO2/Na2O), with nano silica (NS), Modified Poly carboxylate (MPC) was studied and the link between the composition and fundamental behaviour are reported. A total of 12 mortar mixtures were cast by varying the dose of NS from 0–3 %, and MPC 0–2.5 % and their fresh properties were obtained from the slump, setting time and flow value. The compressive strengths of mortars showed an increasing trend from 40 to 55 MPa with NS addition from 0–2.5 wt% at an optimal dose of 1 % MPC. The suspensions with and without NS fit well with Herschel‐Bulkley model, in the hysteresis cycle. The incorporation of NS at a threshold value below 2 % leads to a drastic change in viscosity with increasing time at a constant shear rate, implying. a thixotropy with yield‐type behaviour that are associated with the rebuilding of the flocculated structure with time. The nucleating effect of NS progressively improved the strength of the mix, due to the formation of compact gel microstructure which was confirmed by SEM micrograph with fewer pores. NS improves CSH gel and gelatinous silica phase in the matrix as is evident from the formation of the SiQ4 structural unit as it is absent in control. The poly (Sialate) structural unit in geopolymer ascertained from 29Si, 27Al MAS NMR chemical shift corresponds to Alq3(3Si) with the absence of remnant Al(IV) peak of Fly ash in NS (2.%) activated samples.
Acid‐Catalysed Cyclization ofo‐Aminobenzamide withα‐Oxodithioesters: A Divergent and Regioselective Synthesis of Quinazolinones and 1,3‐Benzothiazinones
Authors: Kiran Kuppalli R. , Swaroop Toreshettahally R. , Preetham Ramesh , Georghiou Paris E. , Rangappa Kanchugarakoppal S. , Sadashiva Maralinganadoddi P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAcid catalysed cyclization ofo‐aminobenzamide andα‐oxodithioesters in a highly regioselective fashion to give 2‐aroylquinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones and 2‐aroyl‐4H‐benzo[d][1,3]thiazin‐4‐ones by switching the reaction medium from DMF to acetic acid. Further, the generality of the stabilised protocols was tested with various functionalities. The range of yields for the quinazolinones and 1,3‐thiazinone are 57–67 % and 70–81 %, respectively. Probable mechanisms for the formation of the two series of products are proposed from control experiments.