bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neostigmine for non-mild acute pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: He Kun , Wang Yabing , Li Jianing , Bai Xiaoyin , Yang Zihan , Han Xianlin , Wu Dong 
Published: March 2023

Background: The therapeutic value of neostigmine as a prokinetic drug in acute pancreatitis (AP), especially in non-mild AP, including moderately severe and severe AP remains controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the efficacy of neostigmine treatment in patients with non-mild AP.Methods: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang databases up to 24 December 2022 for RCTs comparing neostigmine plus conventional treatment versus the conventional treatment alone in patients with non-mild AP. Trial sequential analyses (TSA) were used to assess the risk of random errors and the results.Results: Six RCTs with 318 participants were included. Compared with conventional treatment, patients who received neostigmine plus conventional treatment had a shorter time duration for their first defecation (MD: −1.74; 95% CI: −2.10 to −1.38; p &lt; 0.00001; n = 205; RCTs = 4; low quality of evidence) and better relief time of abdominal symptoms (MD: −1.59, 95% CI: −2.07 to −1.11; p &lt; 0.00001; n = 155; RCTs = 3; low quality of evidence) as primary outcomes, and a faster percentage decrease of IAP at 24 h (p = 0.0005; moderate quality of evidence) and a shorter length of ICU stay (p &lt; 0.00001; moderate quality of evidence) as partial secondary outcomes. TSA suggested the sample size was limited, but the cumulative Z curves of the primary outcomes crossed the conventional boundary and the trial sequential monitoring boundary.Conclusion: For patients with non-mild AP, neostigmine promotes the recovery of gastrointestinal motility and may have positive effects on the improvement of a clinical prognosis. Further large-sample studies are needed for a definite conclusion.Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/; Identifier: CRD 42022381417.
Study on the mechanism of acute liver injury protection in Rhubarb anthraquinone by metabolomics based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS
Authors: Gong Xiaohong , Zhang Fang , Li Yunxia , Peng Cheng 
Published: March 2023

As a traditional Chinese medicine, rhubarb has been used in a variety of liver diseases and it is widely used in clinic to prevent and treat acute liver injury. Anthraquinone, as the main medicinal component of rhubarb, can reverse the further development of liver fibrosis caused by acute liver injury. In this study, metabonomics was used to explore the mechanism of different doses of rhubarb anthraquinone on acute liver injury in rats. Rhubarb anthraquinone was administered intragastric to rats at doses of 3.9, 7.8 and 15.6 mg/kg, respectively, for 7 days, and then 30% CCl4 was injected intraperitoneally at the dose of 1 ml/kg to replicate the acute liver injury model. The biochemical indicators content of ALT, AST, ALP, γ-GT, TG, TC, LDL, HDL in serum and GSH, Hyp, SOD, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 in liver tissue extract were tested respectively, and liver tissue was histopathologically analysis. At the same time, UPLC-Q-TOF-MS combined with non-targeted metabolomics were used to study the metabolites and metabolic pathways of rhubarb anthraquinone in treating acute liver injury. Compared with normal rats, the contents of ALT, AST, ALP, TG, TC, LDL, γ-GT in serum and Hyp, MDA, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α in the liver tissue extract were significantly increased in model rats (p &lt; 0.05, p &lt; 0.01), and the content of HDL in the serum was significantly decreased (p &lt; 0.05); the activities of GSH and SOD in liver tissue extract were also significantly decreased (p &lt; 0.05). After administration of rhubarb anthraquinone, compared with the model group, with the increase of dosage, some biochemical indexes showed opposite changes, and gradually approached to normal rats. 12 different metabolites were identified by metabonomics, and the biosynthesis and metabolism of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan, the metabolism of amino sugars, nucleotide sugars and pyrimidines metabolism, and the biosynthesis of steroid hormone were identified based on the biomarker analysis. Based on the biochemical analysis and metabonomics analysis of rats with acute liver injury treated with different doses of rhubarb anthraquinone, combined with histopathological observation, the results show that the protective effect of rhubarb anthraquinone on acute liver injury is related to the dosage; Meanwhile, the metabolic pathway analysis suggested that rhubarb anthraquinone alleviate acute liver injury by regulating inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis disorders. This study explained the therapeutic effect of rhubarb anthraquinone on acute liver injury from both material basis and action pathway, and provided safe and effective research ideas for clinical application of rhubarb.
Quantifying the effects of achilles tendon lengthening surgery: An intraoperative approach
Authors: Brendecke Elena , Tsitlakidis Stefanos , Götze Marco , Hagmann Sébastien , Ates Filiz 
Published: March 2023

Achilles tendon lengthening (ATL) is frequently used in the treatment of foot deformities. However, there is currently no objective method to determine the optimal muscle length during surgery. We developed an intraoperative approach to evaluate the passive and active forces of the triceps surae muscle group before and after ATL and aimed to test the following hypotheses: 1) the ankle passive range of motion (ROM) increases, 2) passive muscle forces decrease post-ATL, and 3) forces measured from patients with non-neurological and neurological conditions demonstrate different characteristics. Passive forces at various ankle joint positions were measured in ten patients (11.3 ± 3.0 years old) pre- and post-ATL using a force transducer attached to the Achilles tendon. In six patients, active isometric forces were measured by stimulating the triceps surae supramaximally. Passive forces decreased by 94.3% (p &lt; 0.0001), and ROM increased by 89.4% (p &lt; 0.0001) post-ATL. The pre-ATL passive forces were 70.8% ± 15.1% lower in patients with idiopathic foot deformities than in patients with neurological conditions (p &lt; 0.001). The peak active force of 209.8 ± 114.3 N was achieved at an ankle angle of 38.3° ± 16.0°, where the passive force was 6.3 ± 6.7 N. The inter-individual variability was substantial in both groups. In conclusion, the hypotheses posed were supported. The present findings suggest that muscle passive and active force production as well as the inter-individual variability should be considered when planning further treatment.
Barriers and enablers in designing regulations to restrict the exposure of children to unhealthy food and beverage marketing
Authors: Sing Fiona , Carriedo Angela , Mackay Sally , Tenbensel Tim , Swinburn Boyd 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundThe insidious and pervasive nature of marketing of unhealthy food and beverages has been identified as one of several strategies the unhealthy food and beverage industry uses to exert their influence on population food choices and diet. Regulating the food and beverage industry's marketing practices is one mechanism to mitigate this commercial determinant of health. This paper seeks to understand the main barriers and enablers that governments face when attempting to design an appropriate regulatory system.Methods14 semi-structured expert interviews were undertaken with participants across different jurisdictions (Ireland, United Kingdom, Chile, Canada, Norway, Portugal and Brazil) who were involved in introducing marketing restrictions; and a purposive documentary analysis was carried out. A thematic analysis of this data was conducted informed by the Health Policy Triangle.ResultsMultiple common technical and political issues were experienced by governments regarding the form and substance of the policy design regardless of the jurisdictional context. Such issues included: whether to introduce a mandatory approach; what age group to protect; what nutrient classification system to use; how to define “marketing to children”; and what mediums, settings and techniques to cover. The actors opposing regulation challenged the form and substance of each design element. However, having a strong political mandate to introduce regulation; multiple actors working together, including multiple government ministries, academics and civil society actors; and a strong evidence base supporting the policy design helped policymakers navigate the technical and political challenges faced when designing the regulatory approach.ConclusionDespite the different political contexts and actors involved in different jurisdictions internationally, there are many commonalities in the challenges and enabling factors faced by governments. Understanding the technical and political challenges experienced by governments and how these governments overcame those challenges is critical to improve capacity around designing more effective regulations to improve population's diets, and therefore NCDs.
Differences in central symptoms of anxiety and depression between college students with different academic performance: A network analysis
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhang Shuo , Liu Xiaogang , Shi Hongye , Deng Xuyang 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveThe prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms for Chinese college students are high. Academic pressure is one of the prominent risk factors of psychological well-beings for Chinese college students. The application of network analysis provides researchers a more comprehensive understanding of symptom-symptom interaction in mental disorders. This study aims to find out whether there is a difference in central symptoms between students with different academic performance.MethodA total sample of 1,291 college students was included in our study. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were measured by PHQ-9 and GAD-7. Central symptoms were identified through centrality indices. Network stability was examined using the case-dropping method.ResultsFor the poor academic group, the most central symptom is PHQ-2 (feeling depressed). The most central symptom of the good academic group is GAD-2 (uncontrolled worry). The least central symptom for both groups is PHQ-9 (suicidal thought). Network structure is statistically different between two groups, global strength is not statistically different between two groups.ConclusionThe pertinent symptom is feeling depressed, followed by uncontrolled worry and poor appetite, and for the good academic group, the pertinent symptom is an uncontrolled worry, theoretical explanation and clinical implications is discussed.
Does growth in the outdoors stay in the outdoors? The impact of an extended residential and outdoor learning experience on student motivation, engagement and 21st century capabilities
Authors: Mann Jeff , Gray Tonia , Truong Son 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionStudent motivation and engagement underpin educational success, and recent research has found they are lowest in middle high school, especially for boys. At the same time, education systems are recognizing that academic performance is necessary but not sufficient to prepare young people for the adult world, and so-called “21st Century skills” (communication, collaboration, critical thinking, and creativity) have been suggested as critical capabilities across all employment sectors in the future. The Glengarry program is a 6-month residential and outdoor learning experience for Year 9 (14–15 years old) boys at an Australian independent school, The Scots College (TSC) Glengarry. Intentionally located during the lowest point of engagement in their adolescent student journey, the Residential and Outdoor Education experience was hypothesized to boost their motivation and engagement and develop 21st Century skills.MethodsThe Glengarry program involves students living in a boarding-style community for 20 weeks away from their families, participating in classes across all regular school subjects at a bush campus, and undertaking increasingly challenging outdoor education trips each week. The study aimed to measure how these factors transferred into students’ traditional school environment after their Glengarry experience. Year 9 was split into two cohorts who both participated in the study: one of which completed the Glengarry program in the first half of 2019, and the other during the second half of the year.ResultsSelf-reported quantitative and qualitative data supported the hypothesis that the Glengarry program did indeed, boost student motivation and 21st Century skills. While gains in 21st Century skills endured over the next 8–10 months, motivation and some engagement factors decreased upon return to the traditional school environment. Students described key factors in the Glengarry program which facilitated their development, including: an intense residential environment necessitating social growth, a closer connection with teachers in both school and community life, and an appreciation of learning in the natural environment. Recommendations are made for future research to strengthen these findings, and for how these mediating factors could be incorporated into the regular school environment.
Voluntariness and type of digital device usage: A study in terms of Vygotsky's cultural–historical perspective
Authors: Shatskaya Arina , Gavrilova Margarita , Chichinina Elena 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionIn recent years, exposure to digital devices during the development stages of a child has been steadily increasing. Exploring the relationship between children's digital device exposure and their voluntariness still shows quite contradictory results. Screen time is the most studied factor on this issue. The purpose of the present study was to suggest the type of digital device used is another factor in addition to screen time. In accordance with the research hypothesis, the use of digital devices as a psychological means is related to higher voluntariness scores.MethodsThe study sample was recruited from Moscow kindergartens and schools: preschoolers aged 5–6 years (n = 408) and 6–7 years (n = 351) and schoolchildren aged 7–8 years (n = 253) and 9–10 years (n = 101). The study participants took part in a voluntariness assessment performed via executive functions' (EF) evaluation as well as in a semi-structured interview to identify the type and frequency of digital device usage.ResultsThere are three findings of the present study, which are given as follows. First, the “frequency of digital device usage” predictor proved its statistical significance for verbal working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility at 7–8 years, and for verbal working memory at 6–7 years. Second, the number of children who use digital devices as a psychological means increases as they grow older. Third, the number of children who use digital devices as a psychological means tends to demonstrate higher mean scores for any executive function skills at 6–7 and 9–10 years and for visual and verbal working memory at 7–8 years. Multiple regression models did not confirm the significance of the “type of digital devices usage” predictor for executive function skills considering the participants' individual characteristics.Discussion“Type of digital devices usage” predictor is assumed to be more applicable to children at the end of primary school and older when exploring executive function skills in the context of children's digital device exposure.
Restorative effect of audio and visual elements in urban waterfront spaces
Authors: Zhu Guofeng , Yuan Minmin , Ma Hui , Luo Zhaoxin , Shao Shegang 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionUrban waterfront spaces are often composed of built infrastructures and nature elements. Though citizens could take advantage of these public spaces to relax from daily work, its restorative potential has not been paid enough attention. In this study, the restorative effect and mechanism of different audio and visual elements in urban waterfront spaces was systematically studied.MethodsAt the first stage, restorative potential of waterfront spaces was investigated and different elements with restorative effects were identified through an on-site survey, in which visual and auditory forms of environmental-nature, animal-nature, on-water human activities and on-shore human activities were identified. At the second stage, a series of laboratory experiments were conducted to explore the restorative function of the audio and visual elements.Results and discussionIt is found that the degree of artificiality of waterfront space was a crucial factor influencing the restoration level of the space, and higher artificiality level of waterfront space resulted in lower level of perceived restoration. However it was available by adding visual and audio elements to the scene to facilitate the restorative effect in waterfront spaces with high-level artificiality. The effects of adding visual and auditory elements on psychophysiological restoration were explored, and elements that should be recommended and restrained were discussed.ProspectsThese findings would provide applicable suggestions for future design and rebuilding of urban waterfront spaces.
Heart rate variability may index emotion dysregulation in alcohol-related intimate partner violence
Authors: Fink Brandi C. , Claus Eric D. , Cavanagh James F. , Hamilton Derek A. , Biesen Judith N. 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionIntimate partner violence is a serious public health problem that costs the United States more than $4.1 billion in direct medical and mental health costs alone. Furthermore, alcohol use contributes to more frequent and more severe intimate partner violence incidents. Compounding this problem is treatments for intimate partner violence have largely been socially informed and demonstrate poor efficacy. We argue that improvements in intimate partner treatment will be gained through systematic scientific study of mechanisms through which alcohol is related to intimate partner violence. We hypothesize that poor emotional and behavioral regulation as indexed by the respiratory sinus arrythymia measure of heart rate variability is a key mechanism between alcohol use and intimate partner violence.MethodThe present study is a placebo-controlled alcohol administration study with an emotion-regulation task that investigated heart rate variability in distressed violent and distressed nonviolent partners.ResultsWe found a main effect for alcohol on heart rate variability. We also found a four-way interaction whereby distressed violent partners exhibited significant reductions in heart rate variability when acutely intoxicated and attempting to not respond to their partners evocative stimuli.DiscussionThese findings suggest that distressed violent partners may adopt maladaptive emotion regulation strategies such as rumination and suppression when intoxicated and attempting to not respond to partner conflict. Such strategies of emotion regulation have been shown to have many deleterious emotional, cognitive and social consequences for individuals who adopt them, possibly including intimate partner violence. These findings also highlight an important novel treatment target for intimate partner violence and suggest that novel treatments should focus on teaching effective conflict resolution and emotion-regulation strategies that may be augmented by biobehavioral treatments such as heart rate variability biofeedback.
Skills program for awareness, connectedness, and empowerment: A conceptual framework of a skills group for individuals with a psychosis-risk syndrome
Authors: Gupta Tina , Antezana Ligia , Porter Christian , Mayanil Tushita , Bylsma Lauren M. , Maslar Michael , Horton Leslie E. 
Published: March 2023

Intervention strategies for those diagnosed with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia can be effective in reducing symptoms and improving quality of life. While strides have been made in developing prevention and intervention strategies earlier on in the disease progression, among those at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis, challenges with heterogeneity can limit symptom and diagnosis specific treatment. Here, we discuss a newly developed therapy skills group called the Skills Program for Awareness, Connectedness, and Empowerment (SPACE) that integrates different types of behavioral skills – standard and radically open dialectical behavioral therapy as well as cognitive behavioral therapy – for CHR youth between the ages of 13–18 years. With the diathesis-stress framework serving as a foundation, the intervention is divided into three stages. These stages target specific signs and symptoms contributing to the progression of CHR symptoms. Stage 1 targets stress (with the goal of developing awareness and reducing distress), stage 2 targets self-disturbances (with a goal of increasing self-connectedness), and stage 3 targets social connectedness (with a goal of improving social domains of functioning). The focus of this article is to introduce the theoretical framework underlying the pilot skills group and discuss ongoing progress.Clinical Trial RegistrationNCT05398120; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05398120.
Association between quarantine and sleep disturbance in Hong Kong adults: The mediating role of COVID-19 mental impact and distress
Authors: Fong Ted C. T. , Chang Kay , Ho Rainbow T. H. 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundCOVID-19 quarantine has been associated with increased sleep problems and prolonged psychological responses to the pandemic could mediate this relationship. The present study attempted to examine the mediating role of COVID-19 mental impact and distress between quarantine and sleep disturbance.MethodsThe present study recruited 438 adults (109 with quarantine experience) in Hong Kong via an online survey between August and October 2021. The respondents completed a self-report questionnaire on quarantine, Mental Impact and Distress Scale: COVID-19 (MIDc), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The MIDc was treated as a latent mediator and continuous PSQI factor and poor sleep quality (PSQI score &gt; 5) were the study outcomes. We evaluated the direct and indirect effects of quarantine on sleep disturbance via MIDc using structural equation modeling. Analyses were adjusted for gender, age, education level, knowing confirmed COVID-19 cases, COVID-19 frontline work, and primary income source of the family.ResultsMore than half (62.8%) of the sample reported poor sleep quality. Quarantine was associated with significantly higher levels of MIDc and sleep disturbance (Cohen d = 0.23 – 0.43, p &lt; 0.05). In the structural equation model, the MIDc mediated the relationship between quarantine and sleep disturbance (αβ = 0.152, 95% CI = 0.071 to 0.235). Quarantine significantly increased the proportion of poor sleep quality by 10.7% (95% CI = 0.050 to 0.171) indirectly via MIDc.ConclusionsThe results provide empirical support to the mediating role of the MIDc as psychological responses in the relationship between quarantine and sleep disturbance.