bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation of Serum Fractions Capable of Producing Aleutian Disease in Mink
Authors: Henson James B. , Williams Ralph C. , Gorham John R. 
Published: January 2023

Summary
Serum protein fractionation of pooled mink serum containing the disease principle was used in an attempt to achieve some relative purification of the agent capable of producing Aleutian disease (AD) in mink. All fractions of zone electrophoretic separations, γ, β, α and albumin as well as the three peaks of Sephadex G-200 separations, produced the disease when injected into normal mink. Some relative purification of serum protein fractions capable of producing AD was achieved using gradient elution diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) column chromatography. Initial fractions did not include the infectious principle, whereas later fractions eluted with pH 5.5–5.0, 0.25–0.3 M phosphate buffers produced the disease in injected mink. Rabbit antisera to DEAE fractions, known to contain infectivity for mink, showed no precipitating antibodies specific for AD serum when absorbed with normal mink serum.
Effect of Appendectomy and of Thymectomy, with X-Irradiation, on the Production of Antibodies to Two Protein Antigens in Young Rabbits
Authors: Konda Susumu , Harris T. N. 
Published: January 2023

Summary
Three-week-old rabbits were thymectomized, appendectomized, or both, and then subjected to 450 r of whole body x-irradiation, together with non-operated litter mates. Four weeks later, when normal rabbits would have recovered from the effects of such x-irradiation, all the animals were injected with a mixture of conalbumin and S. typhi.
The blood lymphocyte counts of thymectomized rabbits were distinctly lower than those of the irradiated controls, but those of the appendectomized rabbits were unaffected.
Antibody responses to conalbumin and to flagellar antigen of S. typhi antigens showed deficiencies in both the thymectomized and appendectomized groups, with differences in the responses of the two groups to the respective antigens. The thymectomized-irradiated rabbits showed a distinct diminution in antibody response to conalbumin, but a normal response, in comparison to the irradiated control animals, in the production of H-agglutinins to Salmonella. The appendectomized animals showed a diminution in anti-conalbumin production, similar to that of the thymectomized rabbits, but these rabbits produced no detectable H-agglutinins to Salmonella at all within the first 14 days after the injection of the antigen. In the thymectomized-appendectomized group, there was a reduced response to conalbumin, and also some response to the Salmonella, although the group only appendectomized had produced no detectable antibody to the flagellar antigen.
In non-irradiated rabbits injected on the same schedule, the control (non-operated) rabbits showed titers as high as had been shown by the control irradiated rabbits. In these non-irradiated rabbits no difference was observed among control, appendectomized or thymectomized groups.
Examinations of a number of the sera indicated that the anti-Salmonella antibodies remained predominantly of macroglobulin character throughout the 14-day period of study, whereas the anti-conalbumin contained a considerable fraction of 7 S antibody on the 14th day.
Possible relations of the effects of the two organs excised are discussed, in relation to the distribution of each antibody between macroglobulin and 7 S antibody.
“Protein A” from S. Aureus
Authors: Forsgren Arne , Sjöquist John 
Published: January 2023

Summary
Protein A was isolated from S. aureus and shown to precipitate about 45% of a pooled normal human γG preparation. In addition it was demonstrated that protein A reacts with myeloma γG-globulin, H chains from both normal and myeloma γG-globulins and the Fc fragment of normal γG-globulin. Thus, the reaction is not a true antigen-antibody reaction.
Termination of Acquired Tolerance by Administration of Small Lymphocytes
Authors: Denman A. Michael , Vischer Thomas L. , Stastny Peter 
Published: January 2023

Summary
Administration of small lymphocytes obtained from the lymph nodes and spleens of normal isologous donors resulted in a restoration of the capacity for antibody production in x-irradiated, neonatally tolerant rats. Unresponsiveness of tolerant animals could be terminated with as few as 5 × 106 small lymphocytes. Simultaneous injection of tolerant cells did not appear to influence this effect. Restoration of antibody production in x-irradiated rats could also be achieved with small lymphocytes from the blood, but small lymphocytes of the thymus were ineffective. The results indicate that the specific deficiency which exists in neonatal tolerance is corrected when normal small lymphocytes are given to neonatally tolerant rats. They also suggest that all other components of lymphoid tissue which may be required for the immune response retain their function in the neonatally tolerant animal.
In Vivo Behavior of Homologous and Heterologous Thyroglobulin and Induction of Immunologic Unresponsiveness to Heterologous Thyroglobulin
Authors: Nakamura Robert M. , Weigle William O. 
Published: January 2023

Summary
Homologous and heterologous thyroglobulins were observed to have an in vivo behavior, following injection, very similar to that of homologous and heterologous serum proteins. Following injection, thyroglobulin equilibrated between the intra- and extravascular fluid spaces, and persisted in both the blood and lymph with elimination at an exponential rate. A consistent immune response was made to the injected heterologous thyroglobulin but not to the injected homologous thyroglobulin. As with serum proteins, the half-life of heterologous thyroglobulin was usually shorter than the homologous thyroglobulin and varied with the host animal.
An acquired immunologic unresponsiveness was induced in rabbits by periodic injections of a heterologous bovine thyroglobulin starting on the day of birth.
Thyroglobulin was found to be an excellent antigen for the study of various immunological mechanisms. In addition to the properties listed above, in small doses heterologous thyroglobulins induce a much greater antibody response than comparable heterologous serum proteins.
Heterotypic Serologic Responses after Yellow Fever Vaccination; Detection of Persons with Past St. Louis Encephalitis or Dengue
Authors: Pond William L. , Ehrenkranz N. Joel , Danauskas Joseph X. , Carter Mary Jo 
Published: January 2023

Summary
Antibody responses after 17D yellow fever (YF) vaccination in persons with no known previous arbovirus infection or only prior vaccination, were compared with similar measurements in those who had recovered from St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) or dengue. All of the eight subjects infected with SLE virus 20 to 69 months before, and five of eight with dengue six to 19 months earlier had a broad heterotypic hemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibody response to all eight antigens used, whereas the nine uninfected and the six prior vaccinated individuals developed HI antibodies to YF alone. Three persons with past dengue but with no changes in HI antibody titer after vaccination, had prevaccination HI antibody titers of 1:40 or more to at least one of the arbovirus antigens; only one of the five dengue subjects with HI antibody increases had prevaccination titers of this level. By contrast, the prevaccination titers in persons who had recovered from SLE infection were unrelated to their subsequent serologic responses. In addition to a heterotypic response, those who had recovered from both diseases had a greater homotypic response than did the others.
HI antibodies to group B arboviruses were measured in 38 Miccosukee Indians of South Florida before and after 17D yellow fever vaccination. Initially, antibodies were present in only three individuals. Following vaccination all Indians showed a YF response and 14 developed a heterotypic response similar to that of persons with past SLE infection and dengue.
The CF antibody responses after vaccination in general followed the same pattern as the HI responses but were at considerably low levels and were more variable. There was no firm correlation with prior group B arbovirus exposure and heterotypic CF responses.
It is concluded that YF vaccination is a potent tool to recall past elevated HI titers of SLE and dengue antibodies for epidemiologic purposes in order to detect populations in which outbreaks of group B arbovirus infections have previously occurred and may recur.
Neutralization of Different Murine Interferons by Antibody
Authors: Boxaca M. , Paucker K. 
Published: January 2023

Summary
A new method to measure the neutralization of interferon by antibody has been described. The assay is based on the enumeration of infectible cells in smears of L cell cultures which after treatment with interferon-antibody mixtures and superinfection with challenge virus are stained with antiviral fluorescent γ-globulin. Titrations of interferons elicited by viral and nonviral stimuli in tissue cultures as well as in mice, and belonging to different molecular weight categories, revealed strictly comparable dose-response curves. Similarly, these mouse interferons obtained by various methods were neutralized to the same degree by serial dilutions of an antiserum prepared against Newcastle disease virus-induced L cell interferon. It is concluded that the classes of interferon studied do not exhibit significant antigenic dissimilarities detectable by this study.
Systemic Tuberculin Sensitivity in Mice
Authors: Han Shou-Hwa , Weiser Russell S. 
Published: January 2023

Summary
Fatal tuberculin shock was observed regularly in C57Bl/6Ks mice sensitized with live bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and challenged 3 weeks later with purified protein derivative (PPD). Specific desensitization with PPD was also achieved.
The symptoms of tuberculin shock in the mouse which is typically delayed, are closed eyes, ruffled fur, lessened activity, irregular breathing, hypothermia and unconciousness.
Mice of different inbred strains varied greatly in their susceptibility to active tuberculin shock, mice of the C57Bl/6Ks, NZB, and S/W strains being highly susceptible, mice of the A/Jax and NZW strains being moderately resistant, and mice of the T6 strain being highly resistant.
Systemic tuberculin sensitivity was induced in C57Bl/6Ks mice with heat-killed as well as with live BCG. The interperitoneal route for sensitization was highly effective and the severity of tuberculin shock varied directly with both the sensitizing dose of BCG and the challenge dose of PPD. Sensitivity reached a peak 2 to 3 weeks after injection of BCG. The intraperitoneal and intravenous routes were found to be highly effective routes for challenge.
Delayed Contact Sensitivity to Catechols
Authors: Baer Harold , Watkins Roy C. , Kurtz A. Peter , Byck Joseph S. , Dawson Charles R. 
Published: January 2023

Summary
The toxicity of phenolic substances for the skin of normal guinea pigs required at least two structural features. The hydroxyl groups must be free and, if two are present, properly oriented; phenols and catechols could be toxic but resorcinols were not. In addition, an n-alkyl side chain with five or more carbon atoms was required with cutaneous toxicity increasing to a maximum at a chain length of 15 to 17 carbon atoms.
Substitution of a 1′ OH into the side chain of 3-n-pentadecylcatechol eliminated the toxicity of this compound.
Immunoglobulins after Surgical Bursectomy in Chickens
Authors: Arnason Barry G. , Janković Branislav D. 
Published: January 2023

Summary
Surgically bursectomized chickens have normal serum IgG levels as late as 12 weeks after hatching. At the age of 6 months they show gross IgG deficiency. IgM levels are normal as late as 6 months after hatching in bursectomized birds. Bursectomized birds lack natural heteroagglutinins to human “O” red blood cells. After immunization followed by boosting, mercaptoethanol (ME)-sensitive antibodies to human “O” cells appear in bursectomized birds. Normal birds after immunization with human “O” red cells make ME-resistant antibodies even before boosting.
Species-Specific Antigens from Trachoma and Inclusionconjunctivitis (Chlamydial) Agents
Authors: Vedros Neylan A. 
Published: January 2023

Summary
Species-specific antigens capable of differentiating TRIC strains from the 6BC strain of psittacosis were demonstrated by the indirect-hemagglutination test. They were present mainly in the cell somatic material. The species-specific antigen was sensitive to heat (56°C for 1 hr) and reacted with antibodies different from those measured by the complement-fixation test.
Pengimplementasi Teologi Sosial dalam Memelihara Kerukunan Umat Bergama di Masyarakat Aceh
Authors: Asri Cut , Ulinnuha Roma 
Published: January 2023

Tulisan ini bertujuan mengkaji keberagaman masyarakat di Aceh, konsep teologi sosial dalam memelihara kerukunan umat beragama dan pengimplementasian teologi sosial dalam memelihara kerukunan umat beragama. Penelitian dalam tulisan ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pengumpulan datanya melalui wawancara untuk menjawab pertanyaan yang ada di pendahuluan serta tala’ah dari sumber-sumber yang dapat dijadikan data dalam tulisan ini. Dari hasil penelitian, penulis menemukan konflik yang terjadi di Aceh Singkil sebagai konflik yang berkepanjangan mulai dari tahun 1979 sampai 2015 menjadi konflik yang sama namun dengan isu yang berbeda. Namun latar belakangnya konflik pada tahun 2015 di Aceh Singkil terjadi karena persoalan tidak adanya izin pendirian rumah ibadah yang sebelumnya sudah dijadwalkan pembongkarannya. Adapun faktor lain diisukan dengan persoalan perekonomian dan juga masalah politik. Namun dalam penelitian ini penulis juga memiliki keterbatasan dalam jumlah informan yang harus di wawancarai sehingga perlu di tindak lanjuti supaya secara gamblang dapat diketahui penyebab yang kompleks terjadinya konflik dan sejauh mana pengimplikasian teologi sosial dalam menjaga kerukunan umat beragama.
EDUKASI PENCEGAHAN PENYEBARAN CORONA VIRUS DISEASE (COVID-19) PADA MASA TATANAN BARU (NEW NORMAL) DI RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU PAGUTAN KOTA MATARAM
Authors: Kurniati Nia , Rifaid Rifaid , Jumaah Siti Hidayatul , AS Mey Susanti , Masyhudi Lalu 
Published: January 2023

Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) dilaporkan dan mulai mewabah sekitar bulan Desember 2019 di Kota Wuhan, China. Kasus covid-19 pertama di Indonesia yaitu pada tanggal 02 Maret 2020, sampai dengan tanggal 30 Juni 2020 jumlah kasus positif yaitu 56.385 kasus. Tujuan Pengabdian ini adalah untuk memberikan edukasi kepada masyarakat tentang pencegahan penyebaran virus Corona, pembagian masker dan hand sanitizer. Metode yang digunakan dalam melakukan kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah dengan memberikan pemahaman tentang bahaya virus corona, cara pencegahannya dan juga memberikan informasi cara menggunakan masker dan cuci tangan dengan benar, baik menggunakan hand sanitizer maupun dengan menggunakan air mengalir. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah melalui kegiatan edukasi ini masyarakat lebih memahami cara pencegahan virus corona dalam kegiatan sehari-hari yaitu dengan melakukan kegiatan 3M yang terdiri dari menggunakan masker, menjaga jarak dan mencuci tangan. Selain itu juga, masyarakat memahami tatacara penggunaan masker dan cara mencuci tangan sesuai anjuran Kemenkes.
The PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT KELURAHAN KADIPIRO DAN NUSUKAN KOTA SURAKARTA DALAM PENANGANAN SAMPAH ORGANIK MELALUI BUDIDAYA MAGGOT (Hermetia illucens)
Authors: Hadi Pramono Hadi , Rahayu Tri , Zakaria Hafid , Suharno Suharno , Nurlela Siti , Sarsono Sarsono 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACK
Increasing the consumption of animal protein for the community during the Covid-19 pandemic is very important. A very easy and cheap source of protein for the community is chicken. The problem in raising chickens is the problem of feed, especially if the chicken feed has to be purchased at a production facility shop.
On the other hand, organic waste or organic waste in households is very abundant and even becomes environmental problems such as: odor, dirty and also disturbs beauty. An alternative solution to the problem of organic waste is through maggot cultivation as an animal that is able to convert organic waste into organic fertilizer, both solid and liquid. In addition, maggot itself has a high protein content of (40-50)%.
This community empowerment method is carried out by providing assistance and training to the community with regular communication and periodic supervision. For people who are good and able to cultivate yam maggot funds in Kadipiro and Nusukan, Banjarsari districts, Surakarta municipality from September to December 2020.
The results of this community service resulted that maggot was able to substitute for factory chicken feed by 50%, resulting in a savings rate of 50% of the total production costs in raising chickens. So that maggot can be recommended as natural chicken feed that is environmentally friendly and improves chicken health.

Keywords: maggot, organic waste, community empowerment
PENDAMPINGAN BELAJAR OLEH MAHASISWA STKIP PAMANE TALINO KEPADA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR SECARA LURING DIMASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI DESA ENGKALONG KABUPATEN LANDAK
Authors: Ritawati Bernadeta , Winata Rahmat , Annurwanda Pradipta , Friantini Rizki Nurhana , Suprihatiningsih Siti , Sumantupang Sary Oktalita 
Published: January 2023

Masa Pandemi yang dinamakan virus covid sejak awal tahun 2019 memberikan dampak yang sangat luar biasa bagi seluruh masyarakat salah satunya bagi pendidikan yang ada di Indonesia khususnya didaerah kabupaten Landak. Proses belajar mengajar dilakukan dari rumah yang dikenal dengan pembelajaran daring, namun untuk siswa Sekolah dasar pembelajaran dilakukan secara luring atau pemberian tugas kepada siswa sekolah dasar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat bagaimana dampak covid 19 terhadap yang ada di Sekolah dasar. Metode yang digunakan adalah Pemberian Tugas terstruktur bagi siswa Sekolah dasar yang dilakukan oleh guru setipa seminggu sekali. Metode diskusi adalah cara mengajar yang dicirikan oleh suatu keterkaitan pada suatu topic atau pokok penyataan atau masalah dimana para siswa diskusi berusaha untuk mencapai suatu keputusan. Hasil pendampingan dan pembahasan belajar yang telah dilakukan secara luring berjalan dengan baik walaupun dilakukan ditengah wabah covud 19, pendampingan dilaksanakan dengan memperhatikan protocol kesehatan yang ketat, seperti wajib memakai masker saat dilaksanakan pembelajaran dan menjaga jarak aman
EFEKTIVITAS SUPERVISI EDUKATIF KOLABORATIF UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KINERJA GURU DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DI KELAS SECARA PERIODIK DI SDN 002 TANA TIDUNG KALIMANTAN UTARA
Authors: Bunga Reni Sari 
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan maka dilaksanakan selama dua siklus. Siklus-siklus itu merupakan rangkaian yang saling berkelanjutan, Setiap siklusnya selalu ada persiapan tindakan, pelaksanaan tindakan, pemantauan dan evaluasi, dan refleksi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode metode Penelitian Tindakan Sekolah (PTS) dengan model Kemmis dan Mc. Taggart yang merupakan model pengembangan dari model Kurt Lewin.Peneliti mulai dari fase refleksi awal untuk studi pendahuluan sebagai dasar dalam merumuskan masalah penelitain. Selanjutnya diikuti perencanaan, tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata hasil penilaian kinerja guru dalam merencanakan kegiatan pembelajaran pada siklus I sebesar 72,07%. siklus II sebesar 92,4 % . Rata-rata hasil penilaian kinerja guru dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan pembelajaran siklus II sebesar 93,8%, siklus I sebesar 65,83%, Rata-rata hasil penilaian kinerja guru dalam menilai prestasi hasil belajar siswa siklus II dengan persentasi 90,5%. siklus I sebesar 81,42%. Rata-rata hasil melaksanakan Pembelajaran tindakan penilaian kinerja guru dalam melaksanakan tindak lanjut siklus II sebesar 83%, siklus I sebesar 72,62% maka ada kenaikan yang signifikan sebesar pada setiap penilaian kinerja, maka dengan adanya supervisi edukatif berkolaboratif ternyata banyak guru berhasil menyusun program tindak lanjut dengan skor lebih dari 80. Dengan meningkatnya kinerja guru di SDN 002 Tana Tidung maka dapat berakibat terjadinya pembelajaran efektif yang mampu memotivasi belajar siswa dengan meningkatnya hasil belajar terutama nilai ujian semester.
PEMBERDAYAAN GURU SEKOLAH DASAR DALAM IMPLEMENTASI LITERASI BUDAYA DAN KEWARGAAN BERORIENTASI KEARIFAN LOKAL
Authors: Suwandayani Beti Istanti , Wardoyo Yohana Puspitasari , Tiza Ferranza Auliya , Safitri Nanda Melinia , Hadi Khofifah Pawaranca , Handayani Alfinda , Hidayati Uci Nurul 
Published: January 2023

The development of the global era affects the development of local wisdom in the region. This is reinforced by the declining literacy data in Indonesia. The purpose of this activity is to provide assistance to teachers as agents of change for the superior generation. Participants in this activity were elementary school teachers at SD Muhamamdiyah 8 Dau, Malang Regency. The methods used include lectures, discussions, simulations and mentoring. The result of this activity is an increase in the quality of understanding cultural literacy and citizenship. Increasing the use of technology in developing learning media and implementing cultural literacy and citizenship through learning by producing products in the form of posters and reference books for students. The book is packaged in two versions, namely an e-book version that students can read at home, while the hard book version that students read when carrying out face-to-face learning is limited at school. From this mentoring activity, the teacher participants at SD Muhammadiyah did a very good process. Starting from recognizing cultural literacy and citizenship, digging data and producing findings, processing data to pouring ideas into local wisdom products.
SOSIALISASI ANCAMAN PIDANA BAGI PENYEBAR HOAX
Authors: Priambada Bintara Sura 
Published: January 2023

Masyarakat di dunia termasuk Indonesia. Kebutuhan akan teknologi yang mampu mempermudah segala aktivitas baik dari segi pendidikan, informasi, politik dan ekonomi. Selain itu teknologi juga memiliki dampak negatif untuk masyarakat yang tidak memanfaatkan teknologi dengan baik dan benar. Banyak masyarakat yang terprovokasi akan informasi berita bohong (HOAX) yang banyak beredar di media sosial yang menyebabkan terjadinya konflik seperti fitnah, ujaran kebencian, pencemaran nama baik, dan berbagai masalah lainnya. Metode pelaksaan yang digunakan dalam pengabdian masyarkat ini berupa penyuluhan hukum dalam bentuk ceramah tentang sosialisasi “Ancaman Pidana Bagi Penyebar Hoax”, di Balai Desa Gebang, Kecamatan Masaran, Kabupaten Sragen dan di ikuti dengan tanya jawab dan diskusi. Hasil penyuluhan pengabdian masyarakat bahwa penegakan hukum pidana terhadap penyebaran berita bohong (HOAX) telah diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 yang telah mengalami perubahan menjadi Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 pasal 28 ayat 1 dan 2. Selain itu peraturan lain dari penyebaran berita palsu atau hoax juga bisa dijerat dengan pasal-pasal lain terkait yakni pasal 310, 311, 378 dan 390 KUHP. Hambatan dalam penegakan hukum pidana terhadap penyebaran berita bohong (HOAX) yaitu terbatasnya sumber daya manusia yang dimiliki oleh kepolisian dengan masih mengandalkan kerjasama dengan lembaga lain diluar institusi kepolisian serta keterbatasan sarana dan prasarana dalam mencegah penanggulangan penyebarab berita bohong (hoax).