bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective and Curative Potential of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Corchorus olitorius against Potassium Bromate-Induced Renal Toxicity
Authors: Abali I. O. , Nwobodo M. U. , Uche C. L. , Otuka O. A. I. , Chikezie K. , Omole O. R. , Ezirim E. O. , Airaodion A. I. 
Published: March 2023

Aim: The objective of this study was to assess the protective and curative potential of ethanol leaf extract of Corchorus olitorius against potassium bromate (KBrO3)-induced renal toxicity.
Methodology: Corchorus olitorius was extracted using a soxhlet extractor and ethanol as the solvent. After becoming accustomed to the lab, 24 mature male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to groups A, B, C, and D. Group A received oral distilled water as treatment. Animals in groups B, C, and D got 100 mg/kg body weight of potassium bromate while groups C and D also received 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight of Corchorus olitorius respectively. Fresh potassium bromate and groups C and D extract were administered to rats every day by oral gavage. After taking the drug for the recommended 28 days, blood and kidney samples were collected. Renal biomarkers were evaluated using conventional methods.
Results: Significant (P0.05) increase in the serum concentrations of creatinine, urea, uric acid, sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl–), and bicarbonate (HCO3–) were observed following potassium bromate administration in comparison to the control group. KBrO3 poisoning also increased the levels of the inflammatory proteins interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-) in the kidneys compared to the control group. Yet when KBrO3 and C. olitorius leaf extract were administered together, levels of all kidney indicators were significantly reduced in a dosage-dependent manner, with 200 mg/kg being the most efficient dose.
Conclusion: This study found that C. olitorius leaf extract, particularly at the higher dose of 200 mg/kg, was successful in reducing a number of the parameters examined that had been negatively impacted by KBrO3. It may be advantageous to include C. olitorius leaf in edible products that may contain KBrO3, such as flour, bread, or cakes, as it is a well-known dietary prebiotic with established safety profiles in humans. Further research is required to determine whether C. olitorius leaves can reduce the toxicity of KBrO3 in human organs and other animal strains, as well as perhaps treat it.
Histomorphological Observations in Reproductive Organs of Wistar Rats Administered with Aqueous Leaf Extract of Momordica charantia
Authors: Solomon Benard A. , Akinbo Frederick O. 
Published: March 2023

Effort to explore the adverse effect of the plant, Momordica charantia on mammals has remained inadequate despite previous attempt by earlier investigators. More glaring is the paucity of information on the histomorphological effect of the plant’s aqueous leaf extract hence the need to determine possible alteration of tissue structures in reproductive organs of adult Wistar rats which may affect their functions.
This study aimed at determining the effect of Momordica charantia aqueous leaf extract (MCALE) on the reproductive organs of experimental adult Wistar rats.
Materials and Methods: Twenty five rats (male and female) weighing 180-200g were randomly divided into five (5) groups of five rats each. The experimental groups, A to D were fed on standard diet and administered with 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight /day of MCE orally using gavage for 30 days. Rats in the control groups were fed on standard diet and physiological saline orally. Organs were harvested, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin (ovaries) and Bouin’s fluid (testes), embedded in molten paraffin wax, sectioned with a rotary microtome and stained with the haematoxylin and eosin technique. Stained slides were examined using the Olympus microscope.
Results: Sections of ovaries administered 100 mg/kg of the extract showed vesicular spaces in corpus luteum and enlarged blood vessels. Sections treated with 200 mg/kg revealed follicular cyst and mild vacuolation of zona granulosa. Sections of the ovaries administered 400 mg/kg revealed degenerative changes, follicular cyst, mild vacuolation and reduction of zona granulosa layer while those treated with 800 mg/kg showed severe vacuolation of the zona granulosa layer.
Conclusion: Momordica charantia caused histomorphological changes in ovaries of Wistar rats which could cause hormonal imbalance and infertility in females. No histomorphological changes were observed in male testes.
Convalescent Plasma Infusion in Italian Hospitalized Patients with Severe COVID 19 Pneumonia: Evaluation of Late Mortality Associated Factors
Authors: Gessoni Gianluca , Roveroni Giovanni , Moro Lauretta , Pivetta Michela , Tessarin Michele , Bagnara Domenico , Valverde Sara , Carla Rossi , Enza Coluccia , Luca Collodel , Valle Roberto , Carretta Giovanni 
Published: March 2023

Background: This was a single center prospective study about factors related with mortality in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia treated with convalescent plasma (CCP) infusion in Venice Prefecture.
Methods: In this study were enrolled all the (376) consecutive hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia treated with CCP observed from 30/04/2020 to 31/10/2021. At hospital admission, in order to evaluate correlation with prognosis, study recorded demographic data, clinical data, presence of co morbidities, Rx findings, laboratory results. The endpoint was mortality at 30 days.
Results: Using multivariate analysis, considering demographic data and co morbidities four variables emerged as significant independent predictors of 30-day mortality: age>70 years, tobacco smoke, obesity (BMI>30), Diabetes. Considering Patients’ clinical characteristics at hospital admission two variables emerged as significant independent predictors of 30-day mortality in this cohort of hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 Pneumonia: PaO2/FiO2 ratio under 200 and lungs imaging with a score >3.
Discussion: Late mortality was investigated in a series of consecutive, hospitalized, patients with severe COVID-19. We therefore believe that any influence linked to the level of expertise of the clinical staff and available technology was minimal. Furthermore, we also tried to reduce, as much as possible, the variables related CCP infusion using plasma with a neutralizing antibody titer> 80 and a standardized dose: a 200 mL unit per day for three consecutive days. Moreover, using both a univariate and multivariate analytical approach, numerous demographic variables were considered, relating to comorbidities, all clinical characteristics, to laboratory data; correlating them with mortality at 30 days.
Association of Prenatal and Postnatal Exposures to Warm or Cold Air Temperatures With Lung Function in Young Infants
Authors: Guilbert Ariane , Hough Ian , Seyve Emie , Rolland Matthieu , Quentin Joane , Slama Rémy , Lyon-Caen Sarah , Kloog Itai , Bayat Sam , Siroux Valérie , Lepeule Johanna 
Published: March 2023

ImportanceLittle is known about long-term associations of early-life exposure to extreme temperatures with child health and lung function.ObjectivesTo investigate the association of prenatal and postnatal heat or cold exposure with newborn lung function and identify windows of susceptibility.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based cohort study (SEPAGES) recruited pregnant women in France between July 8, 2014, and July 24, 2017. Data on temperature exposure, lung function, and covariates were available from 343 mother-child dyads. Data analysis was performed from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021.ExposuresMean, SD, minimum, and maximum temperatures at the mother-child’s residence, estimated using a state-of-the-art spatiotemporally resolved model.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOutcome measures were tidal breathing analysis and nitrogen multiple-breath washout test measured at 2 months of age. Adjusted associations between both long-term (35 gestational weeks and first 4 weeks after delivery) and short-term (7 days before lung function test) exposure to ambient temperature and newborn lung function were analyzed using distributed lag nonlinear models.ResultsA total of 343 mother-child pairs were included in the analyses (median [IQR] maternal age at conception, 32 [30.0-35.2] years; 183 [53%] male newborns). A total of 246 mothers and/or fathers (72%) held at least a master’s degree. Among the 160 female newborns (47%), long-term heat exposure (95th vs 50th percentile of mean temperature) was associated with decreased functional residual capacity (−39.7 mL; 95% CI, −68.6 to −10.7 mL for 24 °C vs 12 °C at gestational weeks 20-35 and weeks 0-4 after delivery) and increased respiratory rate (28.0/min; 95% CI, 4.2-51.9/min for 24 °C vs 12 °C at gestational weeks 14-35 and weeks 0-1 after delivery). Long-term cold exposure (5th vs 50th percentile of mean temperature) was associated with lower functional residual capacity (−21.9 mL; 95% CI, −42.4 to −1.3 mL for 1 °C vs 12 °C at gestational weeks 15-29), lower tidal volume (−23.8 mL; 95% CI, −43.1 to −4.4 mL for 1 °C vs 12 °C at gestational weeks 14-35 and weeks 0-4 after delivery), and increased respiratory rate (45.5/min; 95% CI, 10.1-81.0/min for 1 °C vs 12 °C at gestational weeks 6-35 and weeks 0-1 after delivery) in female newborns as well. No consistent association was observed for male newborns or short-term exposure to cold or heat.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, long-term heat and cold exposure from the second trimester until 4 weeks after birth was associated with newborn lung volumes, especially among female newborns.
Association of Household Opioid Availability With Opioid Overdose
Authors: Hendricks Michelle A. , El Ibrahimi Sanae , Ritter Grant A. , Flores Diana , Fischer Michael A. , Weiss Roger D. , Wright Dagan A. , Weiner Scott G. 
Published: March 2023

ImportancePrevious studies that examined the role of household opioid prescriptions in opioid overdose risk were limited to commercial claims, did not include fatal overdoses, and had limited inclusion of household prescription characteristics. Broader research is needed to expand understanding of the risk of overdose.ObjectiveTo assess the role of household opioid availability and other household prescription factors associated with individuals’ odds of fatal or nonfatal opioid overdose.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA retrospective cohort study assessing patient outcomes from January 1, 2015, through December 31, 2018, was conducted on adults in the Oregon Comprehensive Opioid Risk Registry database in households of at least 2 members. Data analysis was performed between October 16, 2020, and January 26, 2023.ExposuresHousehold opioid prescription availability and household prescription characteristics.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOpioid overdoses were captured from insurance claims, death records, and hospital discharge data. Household opioid prescription availability and prescription characteristics for individuals and households were modeled as 6-month cumulative time-dependent measures, updated monthly. To assess the association between household prescription availability, household prescription characteristics, and overdose, multilevel logistic regression models were developed, adjusting for demographic, clinical, household, and prescription characteristics.ResultsThe sample included 1 691 856 individuals in 1 187 140 households, of which most were women (53.2%), White race (70.7%), living in metropolitan areas (75.8%), and having commercial insurance (51.8%), no Elixhauser comorbidities (69.5%), and no opioid prescription fills in the study period (57.0%). A total of 28 747 opioid overdose events were observed during the study period (0.0526 per 100 person-months). Relative to individuals without personal or household opioid fills, the odds of opioid-related overdose increased by 60% when another household member had an opioid fill in the past 6 months (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.60; 95% CI, 1.54-1.66) and were highest when both the individual and another household member had opioid fills in the preceding 6 months (aOR, 6.25; 95% CI, 6.09-6.40).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of adult Oregon residents in households of at least 2 members, the findings suggest that household prescription availability is associated with increased odds of opioid overdose for others in the household, even if they do not have their own opioid prescription. These findings underscore the importance of educating patients about proper opioid disposal and the risks of household opioids.
Spoken Word Recognition in Bilingualism
Authors: Broersma Mirjam , Weber Andrea 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRecognizing spoken words in one's first language (L1) is usually effortless, but the same task can be much more demanding when listening to a second language (L2). In order to decode the message of a speaker, listeners must recognize individual words in the speaker's utterance. Spoken word recognition involves two central processes: (a) multiple word activation and competition and (b) segmentation of the continuous speech stream. One major challenge for bilingual listeners (here, anyone mastering multiple languages, whether acquired from birth or later in life) is that more words compete for recognition, in particular when listening to their L2. For bilingual listeners, the set of potential word candidates is multiplied with parallel activation of words from the wrong language as well as words from the language they actually heard—words that monolingual listeners would either not consider or would deactivate much faster. Another challenge is that L2 listeners are less efficient than native listeners in segmenting the continuous speech stream into individual words. For L1 listeners, the task of segmentation is facilitated by numerous indications to word boundaries, including lexical subtraction, prosodic cues, phonotactic constraints, and phonetic detail. Although L2 listeners can exploit these cues to some extent, they often cannot do so as successfully as L1 listeners. This entry describes the challenges of bilingual spoken word recognition in light of the underlying cognitive processes, opportunities to overcome those challenges, and the benefits of having another language at one's disposal during bilingual spoken word recognition.
Non‐van der Waals 2D Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Tantis Iosif , Talande Smita , Tzitzios Vasileios , Basina Georgia , Shrivastav Vishal , Bakandritsos Aristides , Zboril Radek 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe development of advanced electrode materials for the next generation of electrochemical energy storage (EES) solutions has attracted profound research attention as a key enabling technology toward decarbonization and electrification of transportation. Since the discovery of graphene's remarkable properties, 2D nanomaterials, derivatives, and heterostructures thereof, have emerged as some of the most promising electrode components in batteries and supercapacitors owing to their unique and tunable physical, chemical, and electronic properties, commonly not observed in their 3D counterparts. This review particularly focuses on recent advances in EES technologies related to 2D crystals originating from non‐layered 3D solids (non‐van der Waals; nvdW) and their hallmark features pertaining to this field of application. Emphasis is given to the methods and challenges in top‐down and bottom‐up strategies toward nvdW 2D sheets and their influence on the materials’ features, such as charge transport properties, functionalization, or adsorption dynamics. The exciting advances in nvdW 2D‐based electrode materials of different compositions and mechanisms of operation in EES are discussed. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of nvdW 2D systems are highlighted not only in electrochemical energy storage but also in other applications, including spintronics, magnetism, and catalysis.
Single‐Atom Metal Sites Anchored Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks for Superior “Two‐In‐One” Photocatalytic Reaction
Authors: Huang Shiyu , Chang Yuan , Li Zhuwei , Cao Jiaqi , Song Yurou , Gao Junfeng , Sun Licheng , Hou Jungang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPhotoredox catalysis is a green solution for organics transformation and CO2 conversion into valuable fuels, meeting the challenges of sustainable energy and environmental concerns. However, the regulation of single‐atomic active sites in organic framework not only influences the photoredox performance, but also limits the understanding of the relationship for photocatalytic selective organic conversion with CO2 valorization into one reaction system. As a prototype, different single‐atomic metal (M) sites (M2+ = Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+) in hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (M‐HOF) backbone with bridging structure of metal‐nitrogen are constructed by a typical “two‐in‐one” strategy for superior photocatalytic CN coupling reactions integrated with CO2 valorization. Remarkably, Zn‐HOF achieves 100% conversion of benzylamine oxidative coupling reactions, 91% selectivity of N‐benzylidenebenzylamine and CO2 conversion in one photoredox cycle. From X‐ray absorption fine structure analysis and density functional theory calculations, the superior photocatalytic performance is attributed to synergic effect of atomically dispersed metal sites and HOF host, decreasing the reaction energy barriers, enhancing CO2 adsorption and forming benzylcarbamic acid intermediate to promote the redox recycle. This work not only affords the rational design strategy of single‐atom active sites in functional HOF, but also facilitates the fundamental insights upon the mechanism of versatile photoredox coupling reaction systems.
Fundamental Mechanisms and Promising Strategies for the Industrial Application of SiOx Anode
Authors: Zhu Xiangbo , Liu Bin , Shao Jiawen , Zhang Quanchao , Wan Yizao , Zhong Cheng , Lu Jun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSiOx anode with higher specific capacity than graphite and better capacity retention than pure Si has received great attention from both academia and the industry. However, the further application of SiOx suffers from its low initial Coulombic efficiency and inadequate capacity retention. The academia has reported numerous strategies to overcome these obstacles, such as nanosizing, pore designing, nanoarchitecture, etc., while seldom did they satisfy the requirement of the industry, which asks for anode material with excellent performance in all performance metrics (e.g., specific capacity, initial Coulombic efficiency, capacity retention, tap density). Besides, the reproducibility, production cost, and safety of the strategies are less concerned, leading to the “misalignment” between academia and the industry. In this review, the advancements in the modification strategies, which are already or likely to be accepted by the industry, are introduced in detail and critically evaluated. Moreover, the fundamental mechanisms of SiOx and the relationship between its structure and performance are systematically discussed. In the end, outlooks and suggestions for future research are given to provide meaningful guidance.
A Metal–Phenolic Nanocoordinator Launches Radiotherapeutic Cancer Pyroptosis Through an Epigenetic Mechanism
Authors: Wang Guohao , Li Bei , Tian Hao , Xie Lisi , Yan Jie , Sang Wei , Li Jie , Zhang Zhan , Li Wenxi , Dai Yunlu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRadiotherapy, although clinically effective in immunoactivation, still cannot radio‐functionalize tumor as a potent immunogenetic center. Given that newly found pyroptosis efficiently releases immunogenic damage‐associated molecular patterns, initiating radiotherapeutic pyroptosis may turn a vision of radiotherapy‐induced immunity into reality. However, a precondition is that the absent gasdermin E (GSDME), which essentiates in caspase‐3‐mediated pyroptosis, can be well translated in cancer cells. Here, an epigenetic strategy to launch cancer pyroptosis in radiotherapy is introduced. The nanocoordinator (PWE) is constructed via a metal–phenolic coordination between polyphenolic DNA methyltransferase inhibitor (epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate, EGCG), high‐Z radiosensitizer (W6+), and polyphenol‐modified block copolymer. While recovering GSDME expression by EGCG, PWE cleaves GSDME into fragmented GSDME N‐terminal (pyroptotic key protein) via radiotherapeutic caspase‐3. To examine anti‐tumor immune activities, PWE amplifies immunological effects of traditional radiotherapy and decreases radiotherapy‐upregulated regulatory T cells, providing new insight into tumor radiotherapy.
Single‐Atom Cadmium‐N4 Sites for Rechargeable Li–CO2 Batteries with High Capacity and Ultra‐Long Lifetime
Authors: Zhu Kaige , Li Xin , Choi Junyoung , Choi Changhyeok , Hong Song , Tan Xinyi , Wu Tai‐Sing , Soo Yun‐Liang , Hao Leiduan , Robertson Alex W. , Jung Yousung , Sun Zhenyu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe rechargeable Li–CO2 battery shows great potential in civil, military, and aerospace fields due to its high theoretical energy density and CO2 capture capability. To facilitate the practical application of Li–CO2 battery, the design of efficient, low‐cost, and robust non‐noble metal cathodes to boost CO2 reduction/evolution kinetics is highly desirable yet remains a challenge. Herein, single‐atom cadmium is reported with a Cd‐N4 coordination structure enable rapid kinetics of both the discharge and recharge process when employed as a cathode catalyst, and thus facilitates exceptional rate performance in a Li–CO2 battery, even up to 10 A g−1, and remains stable at a high current density (100 A g−1). An unprecedented discharge capacity of 160045 mAh g−1 is attained at 500 mA g−1. Excellent cycling stability is maintained for 1685 and 669 cycles at 1 A g−1 and capacities of 0.5 and 1 Ah g−1, respectively. Density functional theory calculations reveal low energy barriers for both Li2CO3 formation and decomposition reactions during the respective discharge and recharge process, evidencing the high catalytic activity of single Cd sites. This study provides a simple and effective avenue for developing highly active and stable single‐atom non‐precious metal cathode catalysts for advanced Li–CO2 batteries.
Self‐Powered Smart Touchpad using Novel Intrinsic Piezo–Tribo Hybrid Nanogenerator
Authors: Anithkumar Monunith , Prasanna Asokan Poorani Sathya , Alluri Nagamalleswara Rao , Kim Sang‐Jae 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNovel hybrid nanogenerators (HNG) with multifunctional materials are gaining immense interest due to their high electrical output and broad applications in the electronic industry. Intrinsic hybridization of single electrode triboelectric (SE‐TE) and piezoelectric (PE) nanogenerators (NGs), that is, double layered (DL)‐HNG can eliminate the real‐time electrical grounding issues of SE‐TE‐NG and produces high output (176.41 V, 168.1 mW m−2) due to synergistic TE–PE effects of Multifunctional Composite film (MFC). The flexible MFC films are made‐up of Cu2O‐doped 0.3Ba0.7Ca0.3TiO3‐0.7BaSn0.12Ti0.88O3 nanoparticles (Cu2O‐BCST NPs), which exhibits morphotropic phase boundary along with the polydimethylsiloxane polymer. Further, DL‐HNG scaled up to 4 × 4 matrix (using the 3D‐printed mask) can work as a flexible self‐powered trackpad (or touch) sensor to control the mouse pointer in computer or touch screen display devices.