bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of hypertensive phase and outcomes in patients with Ahmed valve implantation at one year of follow-up and evaluation of associated risk factors
Authors: Neaves-Mendez Jorge , Hernandez-Oteyza Alejandra , Alvarez-Ascencio Daniela , Campos-Martinez Giselle , Jimenez-Roman Jesus 
Published: May 2023

Purpose:
To evaluate the prevalence of hypertensive phase (HP) and failure in patients who underwent Ahmed Glaucoma Valve (AGV) implantation and identify the possible risk factors for both HP and failure.

Methods:
A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted. Medical records of patients who underwent AGV implantation and had at least 1 year of follow-up were reviewed. HP was defined as an intraocular pressure (IOP) greater than 21 mmHg between the first week and the third postoperative month not attributable to other causes. Success was defined as an IOP between 6 and 21 mmHg, with preservation of light perception and no additional glaucoma surgeries. Statistical analysis was conducted to identify possible risk factors.

Results:
A total of 193 eyes of 177 patients were included. HP was present in 58%; a higher preoperative IOP and younger age were associated with HP. Pseudophakic or aphakic eyes had a lower HP rate. Failure was present in 29%; neovascular glaucoma, worse basal best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), higher baseline IOP, and postoperative complications were linked to a higher likelihood of failure. No difference in the HP rate between the failure and success groups was found.

Conclusion:
A higher baseline IOP and younger age are associated with HP development; pseudophakia and aphakia might be protective factors. Factors for AGV failure are a worse BCVA, neovascular glaucoma, postoperative complications, and a higher baseline IOP. At 1 year, a higher number of medications were needed to achieve IOP control in the HP group.
Solar retinopathy in India: Clinical presentation and demographic distribution in 253 patients (349 eyes)
Authors: Das Anthony Vipin , Tyagi Mudit , Kadam Yogita , Belenje Akash 
Published: May 2023

Purpose:
To describe the demographics, clinical characteristics, and presentation of solar retinopathy in patients who presented to a multi-tier ophthalmology hospital network in India.

Methods:
This cross-sectional, hospital-based study included 3,082,727 new patients presenting to the hospital between August 2010 and December 2021. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of solar retinopathy in at least one eye were included in the study. All the data was collected using an electronic medical record system.

Results:
Three hundred and forty-nine eyes of 253 (0.01%) patients were diagnosed with solar retinopathy and included in the study, and 157 patients (62.06%) had a unilateral affliction. Solar retinopathy was noted to be significantly more common in males (73.12%) and adults (98.81%). The most common age group at presentation was during the sixth decade of life with 56 (22.13%) patients. They were more commonly from the rural geography (41.9%). Among the 349 eyes, 275 (78.8%) eyes had mild or no visual impairment (<20/70), which was followed by moderate visual impairment (>20/70–20/200) found in 45 (12.89%) eyes. The most commonly associated ocular comorbidity was cataract in 48 (13.75%) eyes, followed by epiretinal membrane in 38 (10.89%) eyes. The most common retinal damage seen was interdigitation zone (IZ) disruption (38.68%), followed by inner segment–outer segment (IS–OS) disruption (33.52%). Foveal atrophy was seen in 105 (30.09%) eyes.

Conclusion:
Solar retinopathy is predominantly unilateral and is more common in males. It usually presents during the sixth decade of life and rarely causes significant visual impairment. The most common retinal damage seen was disruption of the outer retinal layers.
Crosslinking for post-laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis corneal ectasia: Transepithelial flap-on 30 minute and flap-lift 4 minute protocol
Authors: Zheng Yaru , Yu Marco , Zhang Jia , Wang Yu Meng , Ding Ping , Jhanji Vishal , Chen Shihao 
Published: May 2023

Purpose:
To evaluate the outcomes of transepithelial corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) for management of corneal ectasia after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).

Methods:
CXL was performed on 18 eyes of 16 patients either with LASIK flap lift (n = 9; 365 nm, 30 mW/cm2, 4 minutes, pulse) or with transepithelial flap-on (n = 9 eyes; 365 nm, 3 mW/cm2, 30 minutes) technique. Postoperative change in maximum keratometry (Kmax), anterior elevation, posterior elevation, spherical equivalent (SE), logMAR uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), aberrations, and central corneal thickness (CCT) were evaluated at 12 months postoperatively.

Results:
A total of 18 eyes of 16 patients (11 males, 5 females) were included. Overall, Kmax flattened more after flap-on CXL (P = 0.014) compared to flap-lift CXL. The endothelial cell density and posterior elevation were stable throughout the follow-up period. Index of vertical asymmetry (IVA), keratoconus index (KI), and central keratoconus index (CKI) decreased after flap-on CXL at 12 months, postoperatively (P < 0.05), whereas there were no statistically significant changes in these parameters after flap-off CXL group. The spherical aberrations and total root mean square decreased after flap-lift CXL at 12 months, postoperatively (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
In our study, transepithelial collagen crosslinking was successfully used to halt disease progression in post-LASIK keratectasia. We recommend flap-on surgical technique for these cases.
Artificial intelligence–based stratification of demographic, ocular surface high-risk factors in progression of keratoconus
Authors: Kundu Gairik , Shetty Naren , Shetty Rohit , Khamar Pooja , D’Souza Sharon , Meda Tulasi R , Nuijts Rudy M M A , Narasimhan Raghav , Roy Abhijit Sinha 
Published: May 2023

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the clinical and ocular surface risk factors influencing the progression of keratoconus (KC) using an artificial intelligence (AI) model.

Methods:
This was a prospective analysis in which 450 KC patients were included. We used the random forest (RF) classifier model from our previous study (which evaluated longitudinal changes in tomographic parameters to predict “progression” and “no progression”) to classify these patients. Clinical and ocular surface risk factors were determined through a questionnaire, which included presence of eye rubbing, duration of indoor activity, usage of lubricants and immunomodulator topical medications, duration of computer use, hormonal disturbances, use of hand sanitizers, immunoglobulin E (IgE), and vitamins D and B12 from blood investigations. An AI model was then built to assess whether these risk factors were linked to the future progression versus no progression of KC. The area under the curve (AUC) and other metrics were evaluated.

Results:
The tomographic AI model classified 322 eyes as progression and 128 eyes as no progression. Also, 76% of the cases that were classified as progression (from tomographic changes) were correctly predicted as progression and 67% of cases that were classified as no progression were predicted as no progression based on clinical risk factors at the first visit. IgE had the highest information gain, followed by presence of systemic allergies, vitamin D, and eye rubbing. The clinical risk factors AI model achieved an AUC of 0.812.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrated the importance of using AI for risk stratification and profiling of patients based on clinical risk factors, which could impact the progression in KC eyes and help manage them better.
Assessment of parental awareness about pediatric visual problems by Knowledge-Attitude-Practice survey in South India
Authors: Pawar Neelam , Ravindran Meenakshi , Fathima Allapitchai , Ramakrishnan K , Chakrabarthy Sabyasachi , Aparna K , Uduman Mohammed Sithiq 
Published: May 2023

Purpose:
To find out parents’ knowledge, attitude, and treatment practice (KAP) toward pediatric eye problems and to assess the effect of demographic factors such as gender, age, educational status, and number of children on KAP.

Methods:
A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in a hospital setting. Two hundred parents were randomly selected for the questionnaire. All parents had children who were included in Systematic Pediatric Eye Care Through Sibling Screening Strategies (SPECSSS) study. A survey with 15 questions on KAP of pediatric eye diseases was prepared and administered to parents coming to a tertiary eye hospital with varied experience and education qualifications.

Results:
The mean age of 200 patients was 9.6 (3.4) years, with the majority of them male (n = 110; 55.0%). The majority of the children (n = 91, 45.5%) were between the age group of 6–10 years. Knowledge of visual problems among parents was of a good grade in 9% only. The attitude of the parents toward the visual problem was positive at 17%, and the responses regarding the practice were of excellent grade at 46.5% and good at 26.5%. Analysis suggests that the level of knowledge and practice were not significantly associated with the demographic factors (p > 0.05). The positive attitude toward the visual problems of the children was associated with education of the parents (p < 0.05) and the father occupation (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Knowledge about pediatric eye diseases was poor among parents and it was significantly affected by education and occupation of parents. The parents have positive attitude toward enhancing their attitude in treatment.
Dependence of radioactive iodine-131 capture by the lacrimal ducts on the tear production level
Authors: Yartsev Vasily D , Sheremeta Marina S , Trukhin Alexey A , Atkova Eugenia L , Degtyarev Mikhail V , Yasyuchenya Valentina S , Yudakov Danila V 
Published: May 2023

Purpose:
Secondary acquired lacrimal duct obstruction (SALDO) is one of the complications of radioiodine therapy. SALDO is formed a few months after therapy if there is a sufficient uptake of radioactive iodine by the nasolacrimal duct. To date, risk factors leading to SALDO are unclear. The objective was to determine the correlation between the tear production level and radioactive iodine-131 uptake in the lacrimal ducts.

Methods:
Basal and reflex tear production was studied in 64 eyes prior to the therapy with radioactive iodine-131 after drug-induced hypothyroidism. The condition of the ocular surface was assessed using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire. Seventy-two hours after the radioactive iodine therapy, scintigraphy was performed, which determined the presence or absence of iodine-131 in the lacrimal ducts. T-statistics and the Mann–Whitney criterion were used to identify the differences between the groups. The differences were considered significant at P ≤ 0.05. The current tear production level in patients receiving radioiodine therapy was determined using a mathematical model.

Results:
A statistically significant difference between the basal (p = 0.044) and reflex (p = 0.015) tear production levels was found in cases with and without iodine-131 uptake by the lacrimal ducts. The probable current tear production level corresponds to the sum of basal and 10–20% of reflex tear production. The uptake of iodine-131 was found regardless of the OSDI results.

Conclusion:
The probability of iodine-131 uptake by the lacrimal ducts rises as the tear production level increases.
Creatively tiding over the crisis
Authors: Mishra Divyansh Kailashchandra , Suryakanth Shwetha , Shanmugam Mahesh , Ramya J , Ramanjulu Rajesh 
Published: May 2023

Background:
A patient with a retained intraocular metallic foreign body post-trauma was taken up for vitrectomy and intraocular foreign body removal. Unfortunately, the intraocular magnet was not available at the moment on the table! How a little bit of creativity and innovative thought helped us tide over this crisis is the content of this video.

Purpose:
To demonstrate magnetization of a metallic surgical instrument for temporary use in the event of unavailability of the intraocular magnet for intraocular foreign body removal.

Synopsis:
A ferromagnetic substance can be magnetized temporarily using an existing magnet. We obtained a general-purpose magnet and wrapped it in sterile plastic, using which we magnetized normal intraocular forceps and a Micro Vitreo Retinal (MVR) blade by giving about 20–30 strokes over the magnet in a single direction. This aligned the magnetic domains in the metal in a parallel fashion. These Do It Yourself (DIY)- magnetic instruments were then effectively utilized to remove the metallic intraocular foreign body.

Highlights:
The video showcases effectively harnessing the available resources and tiding over the dearth of a necessary instrument, with the right use of an innovative idea and some creativity!.

Video link:
https://youtu.be/QtRC-AK5FLU.

Key words: Ferromagnetism, Intraocular foreign body, Trauma, Vitrectomy
“Dye another day!” – dyes in ophthalmology
Authors: Vinitha John S , Apurva Nagtode H , Christy Josephine , Venkatesh Rengaraj 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Dyes are substances that are an integral part of ocular procedures and surgeries. In Clinical practice, dyes help in better visualization and aid in diagnoses of ocular surface disorders. In Surgical practice, dyes help in better resolution of the structures that are otherwise naked to the surgeon’s eyes.

Purpose:
To educate ophthalmologists about the importance and uses of dyes.

Synopsis:
Dyes have become an important part of an ophthalmologists’ clinical as well as surgical practice. This video aims at educating the different characteristics, uses, advantages and disadvantages of each dye. Dyes help in identifying the obscure and highlighting the invisible. The indications and contraindications as well as the side effects of each dye are discussed which would help ophthalmologists in the correct usage of these wonder substances. This video will also help the new eye doctors understand and utilize these dyes judiciously which would aid in their learning process and provide better patient care.

Highlights:
This video highlights the uses, indications, contraindications and side effects of all the dyes used in ophthalmology.

Video Link:
https://youtu.be/shdV4a6oc20.

Key words: Dyes, Fluorescein, Indocyanine Green, Trypan Blue, Triamcinolone
Retrospective analysis of the role of anterior segment optical coherence tomography and outcomes of cataract surgery in posterior polar cataract
Authors: Dhanaseelan Thamizhselvi , Odayappan Annamalai , Vivekanandan Vellam Ramakrishnan , Venkatesh Rengaraj 
Published: May 2023

Purpose:
To evaluate the visual and surgical outcomes of cataract surgery in patients with posterior polar cataract (PPC) and to evaluate the benefits of preoperative anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).

Methods:
This was a retrospective, single-center study. Case records of patients diagnosed with PPC who underwent cataract surgery either by phacoemulsification or manual small-incision cataract surgery (MSICS) from January to December 2019 were analyzed. Data collected include demographic details, preoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), AS-OCT, type of cataract surgery, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and visual outcome at 1-month follow-up.

Results:
One hundred patients were included in the study. Preoperative posterior capsular defect was noted on AS-OCT in 14 patients (14%). Seventy-eight underwent phacoemulsification and 22 underwent MSICS. Intraoperatively, posterior capsular rupture (PCR) was seen in 13 patients (13%) and cortex drop was noted in one among them (1%). Out of 13 PCRs, 12 were found to have posterior capsular dehiscence preoperatively in AS-OCT. The sensitivity of AS-OCT for detecting posterior capsule dehiscence was 92.3% and specificity was 97.7%. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 85.7% and 98.8%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the incidence of PCR between phacoemulsification and MSICS (P = 0.475). The mean BCVA at 1 month was found to be better with phacoemulsification than MSICS (P = 0.004).

Conclusion:
Preoperative AS-OCT has excellent specificity and negative predictive value in identifying posterior capsular dehiscence. It thus helps to plan the surgery and counsel patients appropriately. Both phacoemulsification and MSICS provide good visual outcome with similar complication rates.
Quantitative ultrasound biomicroscopy of iridocorneal angle
Authors: Mansoori Tarannum 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) is a high-resolution ultrasound technique, which allows noninvasive, in vivo imaging of the ocular anterior segment structures.

Purpose:
This video gives a description of the identification of the iridocorneal angle structures in the cross-sectional view in a radial scan through a typical ciliary process and a guide toward measuring the angle parameters.

Synopsis:
UBM provides two-dimensional, grayscale images of the iridocorneal angle. The real-time image is displayed on a video monitor and can be recorded for qualitative and quantitative analysis. The angle parameters can be measured by in-built calipers in the machine software and manipulated by the examiner.

Highlights:
This video demonstrates UBM caliper positions as displayed on the monitor and marked by the examiner for the measurement of various anterior segment parameters of the eye.

Video link:
https://youtu.be/WTXMupYoyww.

Key words: Angle parameters, quantitative measurements, UBM
Qualitative ultrasound biomicroscopy of the normal anterior segment
Authors: Mansoori Tarannum 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) is a high-resolution ultrasound technique that allows noninvasive, in vivo imaging of the ocular anterior segment structures. Before interpreting the UBM images of the diseased eyes, it is essential to understand the structures seen in the UBM image of the normal eye.

Purpose:
This video is a compilation of short video clips that gives description of identification of the anterior segment structures in the axial scan, a cross-sectional view through the anterior chamber angle region of a normal subject in a radial scan, and identification of ciliary processes in the transverse scan.

Synopsis:
UBM provides two-dimensional, grayscale images of the various anterior segment structures and allows all these structures to be imaged simultaneously, in their normal state, as they occur in the living eye. The real-time image is displayed on a video monitor and can be recorded for qualitative and quantitative analysis.

Highlights:
The video gives an overview of identification of normal anterior segment structures on UBM.

Video link:
https://youtu.be/3KooOp2Cn30.

Key words: Angle structures, normal anterior segment, UBM
Glimpse into the lifestyle of doctors
Authors: Garg Ruchika , Agrawal Prabhat , Singh Akhil Pratap , Agrawal Mohita , Gupta Prashant 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Lifestyle disorders are on rise world over. Also, the role of doctors as leaders in propagating healthy lifestyles needs to get a reality check. Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of lifestyle disorders, eating habits, nutrition patterns, and lifestyle of doctors by assessing health-related behaviours considering gender and other relevant demographic parameters. The objectives of the present study are to find out the relationship of lifestyle disorders among doctors and to study lifestyle disorders and related behaviour among male and female doctors and other subgroups.

Materials and Methods:
Online survey was conducted using Googledoc in June to August 2021. Descriptive statistical analysis has been carried out in the present study. The student's t-test (two tailed, independent) has been used.

Results:
About 50% rated a happiness quotient of 7 and 8. Surgeons had more diabetes and hypertension than physicians. Prevalence of hypertension was more in self-employed males versus males in job. About two-third participants scored ≥ 80% on healthy lifestyle score.

Conclusion:
Our results call for a well-thought strategy to overcome the financial and technological hindrances to accurately identify health risk factors and plan corrective interventions. A healthy lifestyle both in terms of diet and exercise should be incorporated into the schedules of doctors.
Translation, Reliability, and Validity Test of Odia Version of Menopause-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire Among Postmenopausal Women for Menopausal Symptoms
Authors: Beura Saswatika , Patnaik Lipilekha , Sahu Manisha 
Published: May 2023

Introduction:
The Menopause-specific Quality of Life (MENQOL) questionnaire was developed in 1996 to assess the health-related quality of life (QOL) in the menopausal transition and it addresses the degree to which menopausal symptoms had bothered women. The objective of this study was to translate the MENQOL questionnaire in the Odia- regional language of India and validate it for usage in the Odia-speaking menopausal women.

Methods:
The original English questionnaire MENQOL with 1-month recall period was translated by the researchers. According to instructions by Mapi Research Trust, the questionnaire was forward and backward translated, followed by participant testing and proofreading. Validity and reliability were evaluated by the following tests: internal consistency (reliability), stability (test-retest reliability) with Cronbach's alpha correlations, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and content validity index.

Results:
A total of 80 postmenopausal women participated in the study. The ICC score and Cronbach's alpha value of all the four domains such as vasomotor, psychosocial, physical, and sexual of both MENQOL English and Odia (MENQOL-E and MENQOL-O) versions recommended excellent homogeneity. The internal consistency using the Cronbach's alpha showed high reliability (0.993) between the MENQOL-E and MENQOL-O questionnaires.

Conclusion:
The MENQOL-O questionnaire will be used at the individual to community health-care settings to measure QOL and those identified with lower menopause-related QOL, they may get support and care.
Effectiveness of Tai Chi Exercise Program on Sleep, Quality of Life, and Physical Performance in Postmenopausal Working Women
Authors: Jain Ayushi Rajkumar , Sundarajan Doss Prakash 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Menopause being an unavoidable time in every woman's life brings up various challenges. Inevitable changes in body systems affect the life of a woman permanently. The symptoms constitute the postmenopausal syndrome which further affects the quality of life (QOL). Women spend most of the time working during the menopausal transition period and also during postmenopause. The discussion of symptoms is still considered a taboo. Exercise intervention to reduce the symptoms related to menopause which can show a positive impact on health status and work needs to be incorporated.

Methodology:
Tai Chi exercise intervention was given for 8 weeks to the women who achieved natural menopause and were included in the study (n = 76). They were assessed for sleep, QOL, and physical performance before and after the intervention.

Results:
A significant difference was observed in all the outcomes after 8 weeks of intervention (Sleep Quality Scale (SQS)-t = 7.57, P = 0.0001; WHOQOL-BREF-t = 7.56, P = 0.0001; and Physical Performance Test PPT-t = 19.93, P = 0.0001). The results were consistent due to the active participation and high adherence rate of the individuals to the protocol.

Conclusion:
Our study revealed that besides being low velocity and low impact exercise, Tai Chi was a safe and effective mode of treatment in postmenopausal working women. In this group approach sessions were interactive and improved socialization skills because it was conducted in a community setting minimum equipment's and greater feasibility. Hence, this could also be incorporated in different age group population.