bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Image Captioning Using Improved YOLO V5 Model and Xception V3 Model
Authors: SAROJA M. , Mary Ani Brown 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Image captioning provides the process of describing the content from an image The task of generating image captions considers object detection for single-line descriptions. To improve the quality of the generated caption, object detection features are applied. In this proposed work, features are extracted from improved YOLO V5 model. This improved YOLO V5 model enhances the performance of the object detection process. Xception V3 model is applied to generate the sequence of the word from predicted object feature. Finally the caption generated from Xception V3 is used to hear in voice and text with any selected language. Flickr 8k, Flicr30k and MSCOCO data sets are used for this proposed method. Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a technique used to understand the description of an image. This proposed method is very much used for visually impaired people. The results show that the proposed method provides 99.5% Accuracy, 99.1% Precision, 99.3% Recall, 99.4% F1 score on MS COCO data set using improved YOLO V5 model and Xception V3 model. Compared to the existing techniques, this proposed method shows 11–15% improved accuracy.
Single Image Haze Removal Techniques Based on Priors, Fusion and Deep Learning: A Comprehensive Survey
Authors: Varshney Vikas , Panda Jeebananda , Gupta Rashmi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Image haze removal has a significant involvement in numerous computer vision (CV) related uses. The primary purpose of the present article is to outline the current deep learning (based on CNN) processes used for single image dehazing. The previous problems with the haze removal methods based on multiple images are first addressed. Then, fundamental concepts of atmospheric scattering model and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) are explained. The currently available single image dehazing approaches are divided into 3 groups: prior based, image fusion based and deep learning based approaches. Highlights and challenges of these dehazing techniques are discussed. The synthetic and real datasets utilized by different researchers in dehazing techniques are described along with implementation details. The paper also mentions performance metrics for evaluating image quality.
Nonfunctional parathyroid carcinoma: two case reports and literature review
Authors: Yin Zhidong , Xu Xi , Cheng Lu , Kong Weike , He Yingfei , Wang Xiaogang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is a rare malignant endocrine tumor whoseunderlying pathobiological mechanism is still unclear. Herein, two cases of functioning/nonfunctioning PC are presented. Case 1 was a patient with a functional PC. The patient presented edema in both lower extremities causing pain and difficulty walking. The main clinical symptoms were elevated parathyroid hormone levels and hypercalcemia. A tumor mass of 27×37×41 mm in size waslocated below the right thyroid gland. The patientpresented evidence of multiple bone lesions, an abnormal increase in glucose metabolism, and left kidney atrophy with stones. Case 2 was diagnosed with non-functional PC. The patient presented no obvious clinical symptoms, but a thyroid nodule was diagnosed on physical examination. The nodule was 10 mm in diameter and waslocated below the left thyroid gland. Both patients were diagnosed by histopathological analysis and were treated by surgical excision; they received regular follow-up evaluations. Patient 1 died 18 months after surgery due to severe pulmonary infection and tracheal stenosis. Patient 2 survived without recurrence or metastasis. The diagnosis of PC relies mainly on apathological diagnosis, and surgical resection is the main treatment approach. Early diagnosis and complete resection of the lesion are key factors for defining prognosis. Postoperatively, patients require lifelong follow-up. Herein, we provide a description of the diagnostic workup and the treatment approach and review relevant studies. We summarize the clinicopathological characteristics of PC cases to provide evidence for early diagnosis and therapy, and to improve the prognosis of patients.
A Review of Personal Exposure Studies in Asian Public Transport Microenvironments: Lessons Learned and Future Directions
Authors: Otuyo Muhsin Kolapo , Nadzir Mohd Shahrul Mohd , Latif Mohd Talib , Din Shamzani affendy Mohd 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper reviews personal exposure and air pollutant levels in Asian city transport microenvironments. It examines PM10, PM2.5, PM1, CO2, CH2O, and TVOC exposure in cars, buses, walking, and subways/trains. PM2.5 was the most studied pollutant, followed by PM10, PM1, CO2, and TVOC. Limited research focused on CH2O exposure. Exposure concentrations varied among cities and transport modes. Motor vehicle emissions, traffic, road dust, and open bus doors were primary exposure sources. Train stations and outdoor environments contributed to pollutant levels inside trains. Factors influencing exposure included ventilation, travel conditions, seat location, vehicle type, and meteorology. Inhalation exposure doses varied by mode. The review recommends standardized measurements, improved ventilation, filters, clean energy, and public education to reduce exposure. More research is needed in diverse Asian cities. This review aids policymakers, researchers, and advocates for air quality and public health.
Validation and Implementation of Pooled Testing Protocol for SARS-CoV-2 RTPCR: a strategy to counter delays in COVID-19 diagnosis
Authors: Anveshi Anupam , Saksena Rushika , Majhumdar Subhradeep , Kumar Dharmendra , Gaind Rajni 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
BACKGROUND
Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) laid guidelines for pooled testing of SARS-CoV-2 in areas with low prevalence (< 5%) due to high cost and turn-around time of PCR test. This study evaluated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of pooled testing guidelines laid out by ICMR and performed the cost benefit analysis of the strategy.
METHODS
Study was divided in two phases. In first phase of study, 1000 samples were tested by pool and de-convoluted method to validate the pooling strategy advised by ICMR. A single pool was prepared from 5 VTMs of individual patients. RTPCR for E, ORF and RdRp genes was performed. In second phase, pooled testing strategy was applied to approximately 11,000 patient samples during low prevalence phase of Covid-19 pandemic, for cost benefit analysis.
RESULTS
Overall, sensitivity and specificity was >/= 95%. Negative predictive value was 99%; essential for mass screening. The average difference in CT values between pool and individual samples of E, ORF, and RdRp genes was 2.49, 2.62, and 2.28, respectively. Cost saved in second phase of study was INR 8,917,000/- .
CONCLUSION
The pooling strategy can be successfully applied for accurately and rapidly testing a large number samples. The cost saved was significant considering India is resource limited country with a large population.
Changes in the Ocular Surface Index after 25-Gauge Pars Plana Vitrectomy Using an Ocular Surface Analyzer
Authors: Chae Su Bong , Kim Dong Geun , Kwak Hyun Duck 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to analyze the changes before and after 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) using an ocular surface analyzer.
Methods
The medical records of 82 patients and 163 eyes who underwent PPV were reviewed retrospectively. Non-invasive tear film break-up time (NITBUT), lipid layer thickness, meibomian gland loss, and tear meniscus height were measured at before surgery, one month, and three months after surgery. The changes in each index were statistically analyzed. In addition, risk factors that could reduce NITBUT at one month after surgery were analyzed.
Results
One month after surgery, the NITBUT was significantly decreased in the operative eyes compared to before surgery (p = 0.006, paired t-test). Compared with non-operative eyes, NITBUT in operative eyes decreased significantly at one month after surgery (p = 0.006, student t-test). Age (β=-0.248, p = 0.029, multiple linear regression) and preoperative NITBUT (β = 0.357, P = 0.002, multiple linear regression) were identified as significant risk factors associated with the decrease in NITBUT at one month after surgery.
Conclusion
25-gauge PPV can significantly reduce NITBUT at one month after surgery, and the risk factors are age and preoperative NITBUT. This may contribute to the development of dry eye disease after surgery.
Insulin and IGF-1 have both overlapping and distinct effects on CD4+ T cell mitochondria, metabolism, and function
Authors: Kiernan Kaitlin , Alwarawrah Yazan , Nichols Amanda , Danzaki Keiko , MacIver Nancie J. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) are metabolic hormones with known effects on CD4+ T cells through insulin receptor (IR) and IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling. Here, we describe specific and distinct roles for these hormones and receptors. We have found that IGF-1R, but not IR, expression is increased following CD4+ T cell activation or following differentiation toward Th17 cells. Although both insulin and IGF-1 increase glycolytic and oxidative metabolism of CD4+ T cells, insulin has a more potent effect. However, IGF-1 has a unique role and acts specifically on Th17 cells to increase IL-17 production and Th17 cell metabolism. Furthermore, IGF-1 decreases mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) in Th17 cells, providing a cytoprotective effect. Interestingly, both IR and IGF-1R are required for this effect of IGF-1 on mitochondria, which suggests that the hybrid IR/IGF-1R may be required for mediating the effect of IGF-1 on mitochondrial membrane potential and mROS production. Finally, we show that the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and mROS caused by IGF-1 is mediated by uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) activity, and the effects of IGF-1 on CD4+ T cell mitochondria and metabolism are reversed by UCP2 inhibition.
Increasing transcultural competence in clinical psychologists through a web-based training: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Studer Selina , Kleinstäuber Maria , von Lersner Ulrike , Weise Cornelia 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: In mental health care, the number of patients with diverse cultural backgrounds is growing. Nevertheless, evaluated training programs for transcultural competence are missing. Barriers for engaging in transcultural therapy can be identified in patients as well as in therapists. Besides language barriers, clinical psychologists report insecurities, for example, fear of additional expenses when involving a language mediator, ethical concerns such as power imbalances, or fear of lack of knowledge or incorrect handling when working with patients from other cultures. Divergent values and concepts of disease, prejudices and stereotyping are also among the issues discussed as barriers to optimal psychotherapy care. The planned study aims to empower clinical psychologists to handle both their own as well as patients’ barriers through a web-based training on transcultural competence.
Methods: The training includes 6 modules, which are unlocked weekly. A total of N=174 clinical psychologists are randomly assigned to two groups: the training group (TG) works through the complete training over six weeks, which includes a variety of practical exercises and self-reflections. In addition, participants receive weekly written feedback from a trained psychologist. The waitlist control group (WL) completes the training after the end of the waiting period (2 months after the end of the TG’s training). The primary outcome is transcultural competence. Secondary outcomes consist of experiences in treating people from other cultures (number of patients, satisfaction and experience of competence in treatment, etc.). Data will be collected before and after the training as well as two and six months after the end of the training.
Discussion: This randomized controlled trial tests the efficacy of and satisfaction with a web-based training on transcultural competence for German-speaking clinical psychologists. If validated successfully, the training can represent a time- and place-flexible training opportunity that could be integrated into the continuing education of clinical psychologists in the long term.
Trial registration: DRKS00031105, registered on February 21, 2023.
Analysis of hidden blood loss and its risk factors in pelvic floor prolapse surgeryusingthe vaginal sacrospinous ligament suspension and laparoscopic uterosacral approaches
Authors: Pan Yihong , Cheng Yali , Liu Yanyun , Zhang Weidan , Wang You , Zeng Baojin , Ye Li , Cheng Fengyun , Tung Taohsin , Zheng Lingzhi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Aim: To investigate the risk factors of hidden blood loss(HBL)in the treatment of patients with pelvic floor prolapse.
Methods: This study enrolled 132 patients who had undergone either vaginal total hysterectomyand sacrospinous ligament fixation (Group1) or laparoscopic total hysterectomy and laparoscopic high uterosacral ligament suspension(Group2)from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2020. The patients’ demographic and perioperative characteristics were compared, and the risk factors for HBL were assessedusing logistic regression.
Results:Compared with the Group 2, the Group 1 had a longer duration of menopause, shorter surgical time, and lower hospitalization costs.. Furthermore, Group 1 mostly comprised severe prolapse cases and had greater total blood loss(TBL)and HBL. Intraoperative bleeding, postoperative hematocrit, surgical approach, menopausal age, and menopausaltimewere independent risk factors for HBL.
Conclusion: Sacrospinous ligament fixation（SSLF）is safe, effective, and convenient;itallows for a rapid recovery and is especially suitable for patients with severe prolapse.Therefore, this procedure should be used more widely. In addition, patients’ demographic characteristics and blood parameters must be considered when selecting the most appropriate surgical approach for each patient. Furthermore , HBL may be severely underestimated, which can affect patient’s prognosis, intraoperative surgeries should be carefully performed to reduce intraoperative HBL, thus ensuring that patients safely survive the postoperative stage.
SABR-Dual: A phase II/III trial of two-fraction versus five-fraction stereotactic radiotherapy for localized low- and favorable intermediate-risk prostate cancer
Authors: Fredman Elisha , Icht Oded , Moore Assaf , Bragilovski Dimitri , Kindler Yoni , Golan Shay , Limon Dror 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: Dose-escalated radiotherapy is known to improve progression free survival in patients with localized prostate cancer, and recent advances have led to the standardization of ultrahypofractionated stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) delivered in just 5-fractions. Based on the known effectiveness of the accepted though invasive 2-fraction treatment method of high-dose-rate brachytherapy and given the ubiquity of prostate cancer, a further reduction in the number of treatments of external-beam SABR is possible. This study aims to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and non-inferiority of generalizable 2-fraction SABR compared to the current 5-fraction regimen.
Methods: 608 patients will be enrolled on this phase II/III randomized control trial. Eligible patients will have previously untreated low- or favorable intermediate-risk adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Patients will be randomized between standard SABR of 40 Gy in 5 fractions given every-other-day and 27 Gy in 2 fractions at least two days apart but completing within seven days. MRI-based planning, SpaceOAR VueTM insertion, and fiducial marker placement are required, and SABR will be delivered on a standard CT-guided linear accelerator. The primary endpoint will be freedom from disease progression, with additional secondary clinical, toxicity, and quality of life endpoints.
Discussion: This study will be the largest prospective randomized trial, adequately powered to demonstrate non-inferiority, comparing 2-fraction SABR to standard 5-fraction SABR for localized prostate cancer. As the protocol does not necessitate use of an MRI-LINAC or other adaptive technologies, results will be broadly generalizable to the wider community.
Trial registration: This trial was prospectively registered on Health.gov.il
Health.gov.il identifier: MOH_2022-08-30_012007
Telemedicine in pediatric and family care: physicians’ perceptions toward the quality of care, safety, and satisfaction with telephone visits in Israel
Authors: Shalom Tamar , Bashkin Osnat , Gamus Alexander , Blachar Yoram , Yaron Shlomit , Netzer Doron , Nevet Ayelet , Lavie Gil 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background Technological development of remote healthcare has accelerated since the outbreak of the COVID-19 virus. While telemedicine offers an efficient way to deliver care, it also presents considerable new challenges. In this study, we examined family physicians’ and pediatricians’ perceptions regarding three aspects of the use of telephone visits: quality of care, safety of care, and physicians’ satisfaction.Methods This mixed-methods study surveyed 342 family physicians and pediatricians in Clalit Health Services (Clalit) regarding their perceptions toward using telephone visits. Participants responded to an online survey that included demographic questions and eighteen 5-point Likert scale statements describing quality, safety, and physicians’ satisfaction with telephone visits. This was followed by in-depth interviews with 26 physicians between January to April 2023.Results Participants expressed high satisfaction (3.66 ± 0.80) with the use of telephone visits and lower assessments of safety (3.03 ± 0.76) and quality (2.27 ± 0.76) of care using the telephone modality. Eighty percent of the respondents think combining a face-to-face visit with a telephone visit is recommended and 51% noted that the inability to examine the patient closely affects and impedes the physician’s decision-making. Most interviewees indicated that telephone visits are safe only with former patients they had already seen in the clinic. Interviewees suggested improvements, such as patient education, a decision support system, and technological upgrades to the modality.Conclusions The findings shed light on the perceptions of family physicians and pediatricians regarding telephone visits. Although satisfaction with telemedicine is generally high, the differing opinions regarding the quality and safety of the telephone meeting underscores the need for careful use of telephone visits in healthcare. The findings uncover the barriers for the acceptance of this modality and our recommendations may help healthcare organizations to improve the use and increase the acceptability of this service, including proper and balanced selection of patients, implementing technological upgrades to the modality and performing patient education practices.
Postpartum uterine health, and energy metabolism of primiparous and multiparous crossbred dairy cows raised in the Amazon biome
Authors: Pfeifer Luiz , Andrade Jessica Souza , Barbosa Ingrid Pedraça , Gomes Leonardo Silva , Silva Samira Alves , Silva Renata Reis , Paes Felipe Haridassa , Noleto Gabrielly Santos 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to compare the biological activity of the uterus and the metabolism between primiparous and multiparous crossbred dairy cows. Eighteen crossbred dairy cows (B. indicus x B. taurus) were divided by parity order into primiparous (n = 8), and multiparous (n = 10) cows. These cows were evaluated from parturition to 50 days in milk (DIM) for metabolic and reproductive variables. Also, uterine tissue was collected using the cytobrush technique to assess the proportion of polymorphonuclear cells and abundance of transcripts of genes associated with inflammation and receptivity. Multiparous cows had greater milk production (P = 0.04). Primiparous cows had a higher (P ≤ 0.05) relative abundance of IL-6, PTCH2, and PGR mRNA. In contrast, Multiparous cows had a higher relative abundance of IL-10 mRNA. The proportion of primiparous cows ovulating from calving to 50 DIM tended (P = 0.08) to be greater. Overall, the findings indicated that parity does not significantly affect energy metabolism and that multiparous cows have lower uterine inflammatory response associated with lower relative expression of IL-6 and higher relative expression of IL-10. These results led us to conclude that parity has little effect on the puerperium of crossbred dairy cows. Moreover, crossbred dairy cows were considered healthy by 50 DIM; however, further field studies with larger numbers of animals should be performed to define an optimal voluntary waiting period for crossbred dairy cows raised in the Amazon Biome.
Traditional Chinese medicine paraffin therapy for functional dyspepsia： a randomized controlled trial protocol
Authors: Yang Xiaochen , Liu Lanping , Yan Wenxi , Peng Weina , Feng Ling , Yang Tao , Gao Yinqiu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: Traditional Chinese medicine paraffin therapy (TCMPT), a combination therapy of herbal acupoint application therapy and paraffin therapy, has demonstrated great effectiveness in treating some diseases. However, there is no relevant research in the treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD) with TCMPT.Using a randomized controlled trial, we investigate whether TCMPT is effective in improving Clinical-Assessment–FD symptoms (SCA-FD), in comparison with herbal acupoint application therapy, paraffin therapy and basic treatment. Further more, this study is also interested in changes of psychological status in patients with FD before and after TCMPT.
Methods: This trial will be conducted in the Guang’anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences in China. 120 FD patients will be randomized to one of the four arms of the trial: (1) TCMPT group, (2) Herbal acupoint application therapygroup, (3) Paraffin therapy group, and (4) Basic treatment group. The experimental phase will last 4 weeks,followed by a 2-week and 4-week follow-up period. During the 4-week treatment period, all the patients included will be treated with basic treatment (Omeprazole Magnesium Enteric-coated Tablets of 20mg, take orally, once daily for 4 weeks). In addition to basic treatment, patients in the TCMPT group will be treated with TCMPT, herbal acupoint application therapy group will be treated with herbal acupoint application therapy, paraffin therapy group will be treated with paraffin therapy (the treatment of each group will be applied 3 times a week, once every 1-2 days, for 4 weeks). The primary outcome are changes in the SCA-FD from baseline to the end of 4-week intervention. The secondary outcome measures are changes in the SCA-FD at other time points, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Short Form 36-item Health Survey (SF-36), and Changes of skin temperature at selected acupoints. Laboratory tests and adverse events also will be recorded.
Discussion: If effective, this study will provide evidence for TCMPT in improving FD symptoms and mental health state of FD patients, and confirm that the effectiveness of TCMPT is better than herbal acupoint application therapy and paraffin therapy alone. The findings from this trial could be used to design new research protocols.
Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2200061950, registered on 13 July 2022.