bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Embarking
Authors: McAleer John 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the physical confines of the ship, the daily rhythm and routine of shipboard life, and the material culture of its interior, all of which played crucial roles in defining voyagers’ experiences. One seventeenth-century sailor, Richard Simson, encapsulated the feelings of many passengers by suggesting that ‘a ship is not improperly called a wooden world’. They were isolated ‘worlds’. On her way to India in the middle of the nineteenth century, Minnie Wood wrote of being ‘alone in this wild waste of waters, nothing in sight, and the heat unbearable’. But these ‘wooden worlds’ were also self-contained social spaces in which voyagers shared food, drink, and living quarters; where pastimes often became collective pursuits; and where experiences of boredom and exhilaration, fear and danger, were shared by all. In attempting to understand the feelings and experiences of passengers, as well as the strategies they adopted for marking the passage and passing the time, we need to appreciate the immediate spatial and social contexts in which they travelled.
Brazil’s Exposed Corpses
Authors: Fradinger Moira 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Chapter 3 studies two plays by Brazilian Jorge Andrade, Pedreira das almas (1957) and As Confrarias (1969), which dramatize two historical revolts, during the mining and coffee economic cycles, respectively, in the state of Minas Gerais in colonial and imperial Brazil. The first play is based on the 1842 Liberal Revolt against the local monarchy’s concentration of power and the second on the 1789 Minas Gerais Conspiracy for independence from the Portuguese Crown. The chapter argues that Andrade’s heroines not only follow the tradition of republican motherhood initiated regionally in 1824 but also innovate political strategy in the corpus by staging their disobedience in following orders to the letter, leaving the body exposed and favoring letting others live over performing burials. These Antígonas invent a new politics as they cannibalize the ancient funeral rites, submitting the authorities to the sight of the unburied with which they tried to threaten others. Burial recedes in importance for the first time in the corpus.
The Angel of Peace Should Extend His Wings
Authors: Turley Richard E. , Brown Barbara Jones 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
On September 11, 1857, as Priscilla Leavitt and Jacob Hamblin were sealed in marriage by Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints president and Utah’s governor Brigham Young in Salt Lake City, Mormon militiamen near their home at the Mountain Meadows hundreds of miles south assembled to massacre a group of California-bound emigrants camped there. At the end of that day in Salt Lake City, a representative of U.S. Army troops approaching Utah met with Young and other church leaders as leaders of the Mountain Meadows Massacre, including John D. Lee and others, brought the only survivors of their atrocity—seventeen children aged six and under—to the shanty of Hamblin’s polygamous first wife, Rachel, to care for them through the night.
Sermons Like Pitch Forks
Authors: Turley Richard E. , Brown Barbara Jones 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the early history of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, from its founding in upstate New York to its persecutions in Missouri and Illinois to its westward migration to the Salt Lake Valley and its establishment in what becomes the Utah Territory. This history summarizes early Mormon beliefs and practices, including the temple endowment ritual, avenging the blood of the prophets, blood atonement, polygamy, the gathering of the House of Israel to a new Zion, Book of Mormon teachings about Indigenous peoples, and the Mormon Reformation of 1856–57. These beliefs and practices play a role in the events leading to the Mountain Meadows Massacre.
An Inquisition
Authors: Turley Richard E. , Brown Barbara Jones 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Passing through Parowan again on his way back north to Salt Lake City, apostle George A. Smith receives multiple complaints against Parowan’s stake president, William Dame. The complaints compel Smith and fellow apostle Amasa Lyman to hold an ecclesiastical court to hear the charges. During the course of the grueling three-day hearing, massacre participants John M. Higbee, Isaac Haight, Nephi Johnson, and others speak. In the end, George A. Smith and Amasa Lyman decide to uphold Dame, and require other local people to sign a document saying that they do the same. Though details about what was said about the massacre in the hearing do not appear in the meeting’s minutes, after the hearing, Smith made significant changes to his earlier report of the massacre, including acknowledgment that John D. Lee and a few other white men were at the Mountain Meadows when the atrocity took place.
Catching Is Before Hanging
Authors: Turley Richard E. , Brown Barbara Jones 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
As U.S. Army captain Reuben Campbell and soldiers travel to southern Utah with Judge John Cradlebaugh. John D. Lee and Philip Klingensmith flee into what is today Zion National Park. Lee avoids detection, but Klingensmith goes to Cedar City, where Judge Cradlebaugh is investigating the massacre, and privately confesses. Jacob Hamblin and Deputy William Rogers recover the seventeenth child survivor of the massacre. Major James Henry Carleton interviews witnesses and buries the remaining bones of the massacre victims in a mass grave. Above the grave’s rock cairn, troops erect a cedar cross on which they inscribe the New Testament scripture, “Vengeance is mine, and I will repay.” Carleton writes his superior in California, calling for the extermination of Mormons.
Unwilling to Rest Under the Stigma
Authors: Turley Richard E. , Brown Barbara Jones 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Washington attempts to resolve conflict between federal officials in Utah by directing that U.S. Army general Albert Sidney Johnston not call out troops to assist civil authorities without Governor Alfred Cumming’s direction. While looking for deserters and stolen horses, Army soldiers detain key massacre perpetrators overnight but, not recognizing them, release them the next morning. Brigham Young encourages federal officials to investigate the massacre and try suspects, offering his help in bringing them to trial. At Young’s direction, George A. Smith and Amasa Lyman reorganize the church in Cedar City, dropping from leadership positions those suspected of playing a role in massacre.
Vengeance Is Mine
Authors: Turley Richard E. , Brown Barbara Jones 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Civil War begins, disrupting efforts to investigate the Mountain Meadows Massacre. U.S. Army troops in Utah withdraw, the various soldiers electing to fight for the North or the South. Governor Alfred Cumming returns to Georgia. Brigham Young goes on a springtime excursion to southern Utah. His tour takes him through the Mountain Meadows. He sees the monument and its inscription, “Vengeance Is Mine and I will repay saith the Lord,” and comments about it at the time and later to John D. Lee. Orion and Samuel Clemens visit Utah and Brigham Young, a trip that undergirds part of Samuel’s 1872 book Roughing It, written under his pen name Mark Twain. Sir Richard Francis Burton visits before the Clemens brothers. A forty-day flood in 1862 transformed the landscape and hurt some of the key participants in the massacre.
A Means of Escape
Authors: Turley Richard E. , Brown Barbara Jones 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
News that John D. Lee planned to turn state’s evidence spreads like wildfire. Public sentiment runs high in William Dame’s favor. Lee, as part of a plea arrangement, agrees to write a confession. Prosecutors hope he indicts Brigham Young, George A. Smith, and Daniel H. Wells. Lee recounts the massacre and confesses he had a part in it. He indicts Isaac Haight and John Higbee but does not provide enough evidence to convict William Dame. Lee describes reporting the massacre to Brigham Young with some distortion. Young wept like a child, wrung his hands, and regretted the atrocity. Prosecutors promptly declare Lee’s confession unsatisfactory and decide to try Lee.
Hope for a Hung Jury
Authors: Turley Richard E. , Brown Barbara Jones 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Lee trial finally opens on July 20, 1875. The prosecution blindsides the defense with a new indictment. The first count charges the nine defendants jointly for murder committed by any of them. The second count charges that defendants conspired with Indians to commit murder. The prosecution decides to try Lee on just the first count, saving the second for another trial. Jury selection makes it clear both sides hope for a hung jury, the prosecution in order to stir public sentiment for legislation stronger than the Poland Act, and the defense because it means their client will not be convicted in that round. The proceeding then becomes a show trial whose purpose is to convict Brigham Young and George A. Smith by innuendo since evidence is lacking. John D. Lee’s wife Emma ends up in jail after assaulting a guard.
The Curtain Has Fallen
Authors: Turley Richard E. , Brown Barbara Jones 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
After the prosecution puts on blistering testimony against defendant John D. Lee, Lee’s defense works to absolve their client. Wells Spicer starts with a confusing narrative. Robert Baskin follows with skillful examination of witnesses. Well beyond the courtroom, a journalist seeks the testimony of a Paiute called Beaver, who testifies that Lee led the attack but was a coward and blamed Indians. Judge Jacob Boreman delivers jury instructions. The prosecution and defense offer their closing arguments. The jury convenes but cannot reach a verdict. The prosecution achieves its goal of pillorying Latter-day Saint leaders in the press. The London Times concludes Brigham Young had no role in the massacre.
More Than a “Chemical Reaction”
Authors: Block Geoffrey 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Ninotchka (MGM 1939), directed by the German immigrant Ernst Lubitsch, was a much-praised romantic comedy featuring the popular Swedish-born actress Greta Garbo. It gained additional distinction when in 1955 it was adapted into one of the first stage musicals to be based on a non-musical film, Cole Porter’s final Broadway musical Silk Stockings. Two years later, MGM adapted Silk Stockings into a film musical, the last film directed by Rouben Mamoulian and the last film to star Fred Astaire and Cyd Charisse as featured dancers. This chapter will argue that despite not entering the repertoire, the stage version remains important because it paved the way for the future that musical theater audiences currently inhabit, in which non-musical films serve as perhaps the major source of musical stage material. Despite this legitimate claim to fame, it is Mamoulian’s film version with its new emphasis on dance that disproves Ralph Waldo Emerson’s adage: “Imitation cannot go above its model.”
Something to Dance About
Authors: Block Geoffrey 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The stage version of the musical West Side Story (1957) was adapted from Shakespeare’s classic Romeo and Juliet by a talented foursome: Jerome Robbins (direction and choreography); Arthur Laurent (libretto); Leonard Bernstein (music); and lyrics (Stephen Sondheim). For more than sixty years this socially and artistically adventurous show has demonstrated its classic stature. According to Laurents, the work broke “new musical ground in that “serious subjects—bigotry, race, rape, murder, death—were dealt with for the first time in a musical as seriously as they would be in a play.” The Academy Awarding–winning film in 1961 followed the stage original closely and for the most part preserved what Laurents considered the original show’s greatest strengths. In comparing the stage and film versions, this chapter will focus on one central difference, the revised reordering of its acclaimed stage score (which was otherwise left mostly untouched) and will discuss the effect of these and other changes and the extent they succeed in their new film context.
Stretching Boundaries in the Wake of the Studio System Era
Authors: Block Geoffrey 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The chapter begins with the fall of the studio system empire and its replacement with independent production companies exemplified by the company that produced the film adaptation of Cabaret in 1972, The discussion of the 1966 stage version explores Cabaret’s innovation as a forerunner of the “concept” musical and director Hal Prince’s bold expansion of subject matter to include the rise of Nazism and abortion. The screen adaptation produced by Cy Feuer and director Bob Fosse went still further by addressing homosexuality and bisexuality. The chapter also discusses the many versions of Christopher Isherwood short stories, including a play and a film that preceded Prince’s stage and Feuer-Fosse’s film versions of Cabaret, The chapter (and book) concludes with a summary of film adaptations of stage musicals from Cabaret (1972) to the present.
After the ISIS Caliphate
Authors: Dagher Munqith , Kaltenthaler Karl , Gelfand Michele J. , Kruglanski Arie W. , McCulloh Ian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
ISIS in Iraq is not riding on the back of a wave of Sunni resentment as it did in 2014. Far from it, Sunni Arab Iraqis are now the most content of the major Iraqi communities. While Iraq faces multiple significant challenges, from very serious economic problems and poverty to the Covid-19 pandemic to the Iraqi state being directly challenged by Iran-aligned militias, it is Iraq’s Sunni Arabs who maintain greater confidence than Shia Arabs and Kurds in the Iraqi state and its policies. While ISIS in Iraq continues to survive, it is not thriving, and its immediate future does not foretell a comeback if there is not a major change in how Sunni Arabs view how they are treated by the Iraqi state. Most importantly, Sunni Arabs believe that the Iraqi state cares about them and their needs more now since any time since the fall of Saddam Hussein.
Assessment and Treatment of Trauma in Jails
Authors: Manguno-Mire Gina M. , Cabeldue Mollimichelle K. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The prevalence of trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is higher among individuals in prisons and jails than in the general population. Jails differ from prisons in important ways and, as such, are particularly difficult environments for those with a history of trauma exposure and can cause or exacerbate posttraumatic symptoms among incarcerated persons. This chapter documents the prevalence of trauma and PTSD within the jail population and highlights how chronic and developmental trauma can be of particular concern. Empirically validated approaches to trauma assessment and treatment are described along with current practice standards. Practitioners working within jail settings can benefit from understanding and implementing a trauma-informed approach to the treatment of individuals with trauma, PTSD, and related disorders in order to minimize retraumatization and reduce PTSD symptoms. Cultural implications will also be discussed given the overrepresentation of racial and ethnic minorities in the criminal legal system. Implications for correctional policy and future research will be presented.
Legal and Ethical Issues in Mental Health Assessment and Treatment in Jails
Authors: DeMatteo David , Fishel Sarah , Wiltsie Kellie , Tansey Aislinn 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Rates of mental illness among jailed individuals are considerably higher than rates of mental illness in the general community population, so the provision of mental health services in jails is receiving increasing attention from clinicians, researchers, correctional institutions, and policymakers. This chapter focuses on several important legal and ethical considerations that are implicated when providing mental health services—screening, assessment, and intervention—to those in jail. After describing the overrepresentation of mental illness among jailed individuals, this chapter discusses ethical considerations relating to mental health screening, confidentiality, solitary confinement, and research conducted in jail contexts. Next, this chapter discusses practical considerations relevant to the provision of mental health services in jails, including the legal standard for mental health care in jails and a variety of organizational standards and guidelines. This chapter concludes with a discussion of best practices for providing mental health services in jails.
Into the Bright Sunshine
Authors: Freedman Samuel G. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This introductory chapter presents the life story and work history of Hubert Humphrey. Humphrey built credentials that included twenty-three years in the U.S. Senate, four years as vice president to Lyndon Johnson, three candidacies for his party’s nomination for president, and one very narrow loss as its candidate. Some of Humphrey’s works include pressing the United States and the Soviet Union to negotiate disarmament amid the nuclear standoff of the Cold War. The chapter considers the decline of Humphrey’s health coinciding with the degradation of his public image. It looks into the time that Humphrey acknowledged the wave of civil rights legislation and triggered the partisan realignment that defines American politics right up to the present.
“Horse-High, Hog-Tight, Bull-Strong”
Authors: Freedman Samuel G. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter looks into life in Black Minneapolis. It discusses the narratives of Hubert Humphrey, Arthur Lee, John Emerson, and Cecil Newman. Lee’s home has been mobbed by white people, which was raised to nationwide significance after the NAACP took the case. The chapter elaborates on the extent of racial violence that the Lee family faced. Meanwhile, Cecil Newman kept looking for a white ally who wielded both principles and power despite his lived experience of hatred and disappointment, and disinterest from across the color line. Even though Newman praised Lee Loevinger for protesting against the continuing exclusion of Black students from the dorms, Loevinger had not been a man of great influence.
A Path Out of the Dust
Authors: Freedman Samuel G. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the struggles of Hubert Humphrey and those of his family living in Huron. It starts with Humphrey’s pharmaceutical work in Huron, a town that predominantly depended on farming. In November 1933, Huron recorded the strongest dust storm it ever had. The chapter expounds on President Franklin Roosevelt’s visit to Huron, wherein Humphrey was part of the Democrat delegation. It expounds on Humphrey’s siblings leaving their home for work and family while Humphrey met Muriel Buck at Huron College and later married her. Eventually, Humphrey attended the University of Minnesota and then moved to Louisiana, which was known to be the land of Jim Crow.
Marginalized, Mobilized, Incorporated
Authors: Williams Rina Verma 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
How has the participation of women in Hindu nationalist politics in India changed over time, and what has their changing participation meant for women, for Hindu nationalism, and for Indian democracy? In the wake of the Bharatiya Janata Party’s (BJP) consolidation of power after the 2019 election, Marginalized, Mobilized, Incorporated places women’s participation in religious politics in India into historical and comparative perspective to understand the critical role of women and gender in the movement’s rise and how it has evolved over time. Marginalized, Mobilized, Incorporated draws on significant new data sources, gathered over a decade of fieldwork in India, including newly uncovered archival documents on a women’s wing of the Hindu Mahasabha; interviews with key BJP leaders; and ethnographic observation, voting data, and visual campaign materials. It compares three critical time periods to show how Hindu nationalism has increasingly involved women in its politics over time. In its formative years in the early 1900s, Hindu nationalism marginalized women; in the 1980s the BJP mobilized them; and today, the BJP has incorporated women in its structures and activities. Incorporating women in Hindu nationalist politics has significantly advanced the BJP’s electoral success compared to prior periods when women were marginalized or mobilized in more limited ways. For the BJP, women’s incorporation works to normalize religious nationalism in Indian democracy; however, incorporation has not been emancipatory for women, whose participation in BJP politics remains predicated on traditional gender ideologies that tether women to their social roles in the home and family.
Of Histories and Numbers
Authors: Williams Rina Verma 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter traces a genealogy of Hindu nationalist political parties and analyzes quantitative data on women’s political participation in Hindu nationalist politics and Indian democracy over time. The first part constructs a historical account of Hindu nationalist political parties, from the Hindu Mahasabha to the BJP. The second part of the chapter examines quantitative data on women as voters and as political candidates. The historical and numerical data tell complementary stories about the changing role and participation of women in Hindu nationalist politics. They show how Hindu nationalist politics lagged the growth and development of Hindu nationalism as a social movement: Hindu nationalism as a specifically political project did not fully take off until several decades after the social movement wing had established itself. And the data show how the participation of women provides an important lens into the evolution of Hindu nationalist politics in Indian democracy more broadly.
Evolution, Compassion, and Wellbeing
Authors: Gilbert Paul 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
To feel cared for by others, to be caring of others, and to be caring of oneself are the foundations of wellbeing across its diverse conceptualisations. Importantly, central to caring is compassion, with compassion entailing not only the identification and alleviation of suffering but also its prevention. This chapter explores the evolution of caring behaviour and how it became a human source of compassion. The chapter considers how care and compassion are linked to a variety of psychophysiological processes that underpin wellbeing. In essence, wellbeing is rooted in the creation of caring connections with self and others, and the cultivation of caring and compassion are basic life motives on the road to personal and social wellbeing.
Inequality and the Transition from GDP to Wellbeing
Authors: Wilkinson Richard , Pickett Kate 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Redirecting government policy from economic growth to improving wellbeing may result in less real change than is often hoped. In the absence of very fundamental social change, the drivers of economic growth are likely to remain intact. Although the development of new measures of wellbeing may sharpen our focus on the quality of life, progress will depend on overcoming the powerful political forces which prevent reductions in things already known to reduce wellbeing, such as poverty, homelessness, unemployment, and food insecurity. The power of economic growth and the political weakness of the demand to increase wellbeing has resulted in the paradoxical coexistence of unprecedented levels of material comfort and gadgetry surrounded by extraordinarily high levels of stress, anxiety, mental illness, and social dysfunction. In this situation, the authors of this chapter argue that major reductions in inequality are essential both to improve psychosocial wellbeing and to facilitate the transition to sustainability.