bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning strategies and reading achievement in primary schools: Longitudinal relationship and gender differences
Authors: Qin Kexin , Zhou Ji , Wang Yehui 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundLearning is a self‐regulated loop where learning strategies and achievements are interrelated. In reading, although some studies have explored the relationship between different learning strategies (memorization, elaboration and control) and reading achievement, little is known about how they interact over time. Even though the longitudinal relationship was revealed in some studies, most of the evidence was based on the whole population, regardless of gender differences.AimsThis study was designed to examine the longitudinal relationship between memorization, elaboration, control strategies and reading achievement, as well as the gender difference in the longitudinal relationship.SampleThe sample consisted of 3878 Chinese students (2025 boys, 1853 girls) who were surveyed in Grade 4 and Grade 6.MethodsA cross‐lagged model was conducted to examine the longitudinal relationship between memorization, elaboration, control strategies and reading achievement while controlling for gender, age and parents' educational levels. Multigroup cross‐lagged models were conducted to examine gender differences in the longitudinal relationship between these variables.ResultsMemorization and elaboration strategies were reciprocally related. Both predicted subsequent control strategies, but not vice versa. Only memorization strategies positively predicted subsequent reading achievement, while prior reading achievement positively predicted the subsequent three strategies. The effects of prior reading achievement on subsequent learning strategies were stronger for boys.ConclusionsMemorization strategies play a prominent role in promoting deeper strategies and reading achievement in Chinese primary schools, which might relate to culture and developmental stages. Higher achievement or positive feedback from learning results might be motivation for using different strategies, especially for boys.
Royalty taxation under tax competition and profit shifting
Authors: Juranek S. , Schindler D. , Schneider A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMultinational corporations increasingly use royalty payments for intellectual property rights to shift profits globally. This not only threatens the tax base of countries worldwide but also affects the nature of tax competition. Against this background, our theoretical analysis suggests a surprising solution to the problem of curbing profit shifting without suffering major outflows of capital: a strictly positive withholding tax on royalty payments is both the Pareto‐efficient solution under international coordination and the optimal unilateral response. If internal debt is sufficiently responsive, governments can even implement optimal targeting. Then, the royalty tax closes the profit‐shifting channel, while all competition for mobile capital is relegated to internal‐debt regulation. Our results question the ban on royalty taxes in double tax treaties and the EU Interest and Royalty Directive.
Outcomes of asymptomatic histologic pyelonephritis of kidney transplant
Authors: Budhiraja Pooja , Butterfield Richard , Gea‐Banacloche Juan , Swaminathan Sundararaman , Smith Maxwell L. , Khamash Hassan A. , Me Hay Me , Kodali Lavanya , Mour Girish K. , Nair Sumi , Misra Suman , Heilman Raymond L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundUrinary Tract Infections are the most common post‐transplant infection and can have varied presentations. This study aimed to describe the outcomes of kidney transplant recipients with asymptomatic histologic pyelonephritis on allograft biopsy. Histologic Pyelonephritis was defined as neutrophil cast or neutrophilic tubulitis, interstitial infiltrates with predominant neutrophils, and no evidence of rejection or glomerulonephritis on biopsy.MethodsThe study included 123 kidney transplant recipients, of whom 95 underwent protocol biopsies, and 28 had biopsies for elevated creatinine within the first 2 years of a kidney transplant.ResultsThe mean age of the cohort was 55.3 years, with 52% females and 78% deceased donor transplants. The risk factors for asymptomatic histologic pyelonephritis were recipient female sex (OR 1.89, 1.3–2.7, diabetes mellitus (OR 2.479, 1.687–3.645), and deceased donation (OR 1.69, 1.098–2.63). The incidence of asymptomatic pyelonephritis on protocol biopsy was 1.7%, with 52% having positive urine cultures and Escherichia coli being the most common bacteria. Subjects with asymptomatic pyelonephritis had inferior graft survival compared to the matched cohort HR 1.88 (1.06–3.35), p = .0281. In addition, of these 123 subjects, 68 (55%) subsequently developed pyelonephritis, and 34 subjects had pyelonephritis within 6 months after this episode. Subjects with recurrent infections exhibited lower survival HR 2.86 (1.36–6.02) and a trend toward higher rejection risk.ConclusionAsymptomatic histologic pyelonephritis can occur in kidney transplant recipients and is associated with inferior graft survival.
Various effects of repeated rifampin dosing on coproporphyrin levels in humans
Authors: Kinzi Jonny , Grube Markus , Brecht Karin , Seibert Isabell , Siegmund Werner , Meyer zu Schwabedissen Henriette E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the identification of endogenous substrates as biomarkers became an uprising topic. Particularly coproporphyrins (CPs), byproducts of heme biosynthesis, are intensely investigated as biomarkers for predicting interactions with the organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B transporters. In the context of drug–drug interactions, several preclinical and clinical studies assessed the effect of the OATP1B‐index inhibitor rifampin on CPI levels. However, rifampin is not only a “perpetrator” drug of transporters but is also known for its interaction with the nuclear receptor pregnane X receptor (PXR) leading to the efficient induction of PXR‐target genes. These include hemoproteins like cytochrome P450 enzymes but also the δ‐aminolevulinate synthase 1, which is the rate‐limiting enzyme in heme biosynthesis. In this study, we showed that quantification of CPs in clinical serum samples was possible after long‐term storage at −20°C. We quantified CPI, CPIII, and heme levels in clinical serum samples (at selected timepoints) that originated from a trial investigating the interaction potential of repeated rifampin administration in 12 healthy participants. In samples collected at the assumed time to maximum concentration of rifampin, higher CP levels were observed compared to baseline. Increased levels persisted even 14 h after discontinuation of rifampin. No impact on heme serum levels was observed. We found a correlation between CP isomers at baseline and at 14 h after rifampin intake. In summary, we show that multiple doses of rifampin affect CP levels. However, besides inhibition of hepatic OATP function there is evidence for an interaction with CP levels beyond the transporter level.
A unified evolutionary framework for understanding parasite infection and host migratory behaviour
Authors: Shaw Allison K. , Levet Marie , Binning Sandra A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAnimal migration impacts organismal health and parasite transmission: migrants are simultaneously exposed to parasites and able to reduce infection for both individuals and populations. However, these dynamics are difficult to study; empirical studies reveal disparate results while existing theory makes assumptions that simplify natural complexity. Here, we systematically review empirical studies of migration and infection across taxa, highlighting key gaps in our understanding. Next, we develop a unified evolutionary framework incorporating different selective pressures of parasite–migration interactions while accounting for ecological complexity that goes beyond previous theory. Our framework generates diverse migration–infection patterns paralleling those seen in empirical systems, including partial and differential migration. Finally, we generate predictions about which mechanisms dominate which empirical systems to guide future studies. Our framework provides an overarching understanding of selective pressures shaping migration patterns in the context of animal health and disease, which is critical for predicting how environmental change may threaten migration.
Genome‐wide association study identifies novel caries‐associated loci showing sex‐specificity—A study on the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966
Authors: Laajala Anne , Pesonen Paula , Alaraudanjoki Viivi , Anttonen Vuokko , Laitala Marja‐Liisa 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA genome‐wide association study was performed in sex‐stratified groups representing three different caries phenotypes among adults. The study sample consisted of 46‐year‐old participants of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study (n = 1481). The phenotypes for analyses were the dentin caries phenotype (persons having at least one tooth with dentin caries lesion), and the enamel caries phenotype (those having teeth with more than 10 enamel caries lesions), while the control group had <10 enamel caries lesions and no teeth with dentin caries, respectively. A third phenotype dubbed the caries severity phenotype had a below‐average number of teeth with initial lesions and at least one extensive dentin caries lesion; their controls had an above‐average number of teeth with initial caries lesions and no teeth with extensive dentin caries lesions. All analyses were performed for the whole group and for sex‐stratified subgroups. In females, loci in chromosomes 2, 5, and 15 showed a statistically significant association with caries severity. In males, there was a novel association between chromosome 5 and dentin caries. The results of this study may suggest a genetic background of caries among adults. In the future, the detection of genetic predisposing variants may allow the identification of patients at risk for caries, even in the absence of behavioral and environmental risk factors.
Building resilience: Alignment of nonprofit leaders’ understanding of environmental challenges
Authors: Willems Emma Lotte , Van Puyvelde Stijn , Jegers Marc 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe ways in which a common understanding of environmental challenges is established among nonprofit leaders are not clearly presented in the literature, despite the importance of such understanding as an antecedent of organizational resilience. In response to this research gap, this paper seeks to identify how such an alignment is facilitated. We use a qualitative research approach and investigate seven international nonprofit organizations whose leadership is aligned on environmental challenges. The data collection is twofold. First, leaders of these organizations, being the board chair, one board member, and the managerial executive, respond to closed and open‐ended survey questions. Second, we analyze organizational documents of the participating nonprofits. This includes for example their bylaws, codes of conduct, and strategic plans. Our results indicate that transparency, clarity, flexibility, and quality relationships among the leadership are key interaction characteristics associated with leadership alignment. Good board chair leadership and board gender balance are crucial personal characteristics. The present paper provides insights to academics as well as practitioners who aim to enhance cohesion of their leadership's understanding of environmental challenges.
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of hepatitis E vaccination strategies among patients with chronic hepatitis B in China
Authors: Cui Tingting , Zhang Xuefeng , Wang Qiang , Yue Na , Bao Changjun , Jiang Renjie , Xu Shilin , Yuan Zhaohu , Qian Yunke , Chen Liling , Hang Hui , Zhang Zhong , Sun Hongmin , Jin Hui 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimThis study aimed to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of hepatitis E vaccination strategies in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients.MethodsBased on the societal perspective, the cost‐effectiveness of three hepatitis E vaccination strategies—vaccination without screening, screening‐based vaccination, and no vaccination—among CHB patients was evaluated using a decision tree–Markov model, and incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated. Values for treatment costs and health utilities were estimated from a prior investigation on disease burden, and values for transition probabilities and vaccination‐related costs were obtained from previous studies and government agencies. Sensitivity analyses were undertaken for assessing model uncertainties.ResultsIt was estimated that CHB patients superinfected with hepatitis E virus (HEV) incurred significantly longer disease course, higher economic burden, and more health loss compared to those with HEV infection alone (all p < 0.05). The ICERs of vaccination without screening and screening‐based vaccination compared to no vaccination were 41,843.01 yuan/quality‐adjusted life year (QALY) and 29,147.32 yuan/QALY, respectively, both lower than China's per‐capita gross domestic product (GDP) in 2018. The screening‐based vaccination reduced the cost and gained more QALYs than vaccination without screening. One‐way sensitivity analyses revealed that vaccine price, vaccine protection rate, and decay rate of vaccine protection had the greatest impact on the cost‐effectiveness analysis. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses confirmed the base‐case results, and if the willingness‐to‐pay value reached per‐capita GDP, the probability that screening‐based vaccination would be cost‐effective was approaching 100%.ConclusionsThe disease burden in CHB patients superinfected with HEV is relatively heavy in China, and the screening‐based hepatitis E vaccination strategy for CHB patients is the most cost‐effective option.
A comparison of summer, fall and winter estimates of monarch population size before and after milkweed eradication from crop fields in North America
Authors: Pleasants John , Thogmartin Wayne E. , Oberhauser Karen S. , Taylor Orley R. , Stenoien Carl 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Measures of the area occupied by overwintering monarchs in México since the mid‐1990s show a decline. Summer surveys of monarchs, however, do not show a similar decline. This discrepancy has led to the proposition that summer monarch numbers are actually stable and that increasing mortality during migration has led to declining overwintering numbers. A competing hypothesis is that this discrepancy is due to a sampling bias in the summer counts and that the summer population has declined because of the eradication of milkweed habitat from crop fields that occurred in the late 1990s through mid‐2000s.
We posit that the sampling bias occurred during the period when milkweeds were declining in crop fields and resulted from not sampling in the crop fields.
We examined three measures of the size of the population made in the fall during migration and four summer survey measures and compared them to the overwintering measures. Counts of migrating monarchs are not expected to have this sampling bias since migrants come from all habitats, including crop fields.
During the period of milkweed eradication, counts of the migrating population were correlated with the size of the overwintering population, whereas summer survey counts were not. After milkweed eradication from crop fields, all population measures were correlated with one another.
These results indicate that during the pre‐eradication period, summer counts were not an accurate measure of summer population size. Population trends observed at the overwintering site reflect factors, principally milkweed loss, that affect summer population size.
W/Si3N4 composite ceramics reinforced with core‐shell W‐crystallized oxynitride phase
Authors: Wang Qiang , Zhou Cunlong , Yang Chao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe introduction of a reinforced phase is an effective way to toughen silicon nitride ceramics. However, the residual stress caused by thermal expansion mismatch between the reinforced phase and Si3N4 ceramics may generate interfacial defects and deteriorate the strength of silicon nitride ceramics. Therefore, a novel strategy for optimizing interface structure to reinforceW/Si3N4 composite ceramics has been proposed. After introducing (Y2O3, Al2O3, W) particles in the W/Si3N4 ceramics, the melted liquid phase encompasses the W particles at high temperature and in situ‐generates the core‐shell structural W‐crystallized oxynitride phase as the material cools. As a result, the interfacial defect was inhibited after the core‐shell W‐crystallized oxynitride phase was introduced. With the increase of W addition from 0 to 4 wt%, the flexural strength of the W/Si3N4 ceramics with introducing core‐shell structural W‐crystallized oxynitride phase increases from 985 to 1168 MPa, and the fracture toughness improves from 6.5 to 9.0 MPa m1/2.
Effect of graphene on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and wear behavior of plasma‐sprayed Al2O3–Cr2O3 coating
Authors: Gou Junfeng , Guo Jinbao , Zhu Jieyu , Yao Jiawen , Li Dongyang , Wang You , Liu Jiangwen , Yang Yang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this study, plasma‐sprayed Al2O3–Cr2O3 coatings with different contents of graphene nanosheets were prepared for investigating effects of the graphene on microstructure, mechanical properties, and wear behavior of the coating. The experimental results showed that graphene increased the porosity and the microhardness of the coating. But excessive graphene decreased the microhardness remarkably. Besides, the anti‐crack initiation and propagation abilities of the coatings with graphene improved significantly. The wear rate of the coatings decreased first, and then increased with increasing the graphene content. Impressively, the wear rates of the coating with 2.9% graphene decreased by 33.5% and 36.7%, compared with those of the coating without graphene under normal loads of 5 and 15 N, respectively. The main wear mechanisms of the coatings with and without graphene are brittle fracture and abrasive wear.
Impact of open and minimally invasive surgery on postoperative wound complications in patients undergoing prostate surgery: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhu Jialiang , Lu Ziwen , Cai Xianguo , Chen Wanbo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this article, we analysed the therapeutic efficacy of open radical prostatectomy (ORP) and minimally invasive surgery (MIS) after operation for the treatment of post‐operation complications. In summary, because of the broad methodology of the available trials and the low number of trials, the data were limited. The investigators combined the results of six of the 211 original studies. We looked up 4 databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library. A total of six publications were selected. The main result was the rate of post‐operation wound complications. Secondary results were the time of operation and the duration of hospitalization. Our findings indicate that the minimal invasive operation can decrease the incidence of wound infections (OR, 0.61; 95% CI: 0.42,0.90, p = 0.01), bleeding (MD, −293.09; 95% CI: −431.48, −154.71, p < 0.0001), and length of stay in the hospital compared with open surgery (MD, −1.85; 95% CI: −3.52, −0.17, p = 0.03), but minimally invasive surgery increased patient operative time (MD, 51.45; 95% CI: 40.99, 61.92, p < 0.0001). Compared with the open operation, the microinvasive operation has the superiority in the treatment of the wound complications following the operation of radical prostatic carcinoma. But the operation time of the microinvasive operation is much longer. Furthermore, there is a certain amount of bias among the various studies, so it is important to be cautious in interpretation of the findings.
Reframing Civil–Military Relations in the EU: Insights From the Drone Strategy 2.0
Authors: Lavallée Chantal , Martins Bruno Oliveira 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn November 2022, the European Commission presented its Drone Strategy 2.0 with two main objectives: to build the European Union's (EU's) drone service market and to strengthen the Union's civil, security and defence industry capabilities and synergies. From the Commission's perspective, accelerating the integration of drones in Europe's airspace has the potential to enable progress on numerous policy objectives, such as the green transition, urban mobility, industrial renewal and cutting‐edge R&D in the civil–military domain. In this commentary, though, we argue that the Strategy is indicative of wider contemporary trends in EU policy‐making regarding cross‐cutting policy agendas, industry‐centred R&D ambitions and the identification and promotion of infrastructural goals enabling further civil–military co‐operation. These tendencies capture the growing importance of dual‐use technologies, both in society at large and in the security and military domains. This is particularly relevant in the current European context of growing military expenditure with the war in Ukraine.
Advantages of sensor‐augmented insulin pump therapy for pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Imafuku Hitomi , Tanimura Kenji , Masuko Naohisa , Tomimoto Masako , Shi Yutoku , Uchida Akiko , Deguchi Masashi , Fujioka Kazumichi , Yamamoto Akane , Yoshino Kei , Hirota Yushi , Ogawa Wataru , Terai Yoshito 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo evaluate the efficacy of sensor‐augmented pump (SAP) for improving obstetric and neonatal outcomes among pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus by comparing it with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion plus self‐monitoring of blood glucose (continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion [CSII]/SMBG).Materials and MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 40 cases of pregnancy complicated by type 1 diabetes mellitus treated with SAP (SAP group), and 29 cases of pregnancy complicated by type 1 diabetes mellitus treated with CSII/SMBG (CSII/SMBG group). The obstetric and neonatal outcomes were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe median of the glycoalbumin levels in the first (18.8% vs 20.9%; P < 0.05) and second (15.4% vs 18.0%; P < 0.05) trimesters, the hemoglobin A1c levels in the peripartum period (6.1% vs 6.5%; P < 0.05) and the standard deviation score of birthweights (0.36 vs 1.52; P < 0.05) were significantly lower in the SAP group than in the CSII/SMBG group. The incidence rate of large for gestational age newborns was significantly lower in the SAP group than in the CSII/SMBG group (27.5% vs 65.5%; P < 0.05). No significant differences in the incidence rates of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, small for gestational age, respiratory distress syndrome, neonatal hypoglycemia, hypervolemia and hyperbilirubinemia were observed between the groups.ConclusionThe present study showed that SAP therapy is more effective in preventing large for gestational age newborns in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus than CSII/SMBG.