bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal Adaptive Capacity: A Strengths‐Based Theory to Guide Maternal Health Research
Authors: Mollard Elizabeth , Cottrell Constance 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe United States is experiencing a rise in maternal morbidity and mortality that disproportionately affects marginalized groups. Maternal health research is often designed through a lens of deficit, which perpetuates bias and negatively affects care. The purpose of this article is to describe the development of the theory of maternal adaptive capacity, a strengths‐based approach to maternal health research that has the potential to promote new discovery in research, reduce biases, empower individuals and improve health outcomes. Walker and Avant's approach to theory derivation is applied to the framework of vulnerability to climate change, a theory commonly used in environmental research. In this derivation the authors explore the parallels between the concept of adaptive capacity related to climate change and maternal health. The new theory of maternal adaptive capacity should be applied and tested in various research modalities to confirm its utility.
Re‐Envisioning a Hierarchy of Leadership Behaviours Using Insights from the Psychological Literature on Personality Traits
Authors: Anderson Marc H. , Sun Peter Y. T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe current body of research on leadership styles is plagued with the problem of a bewildering number of styles that overlap conceptually and empirically, and whose dimensionality is contested. In this paper, we use analogical reasoning to argue that recommendations based on the personality psychology literature could be used to overcome these and related problems to substantially advance the literature on leadership styles. We argue that scholarly understanding of leadership styles needs to be redeveloped by theoretically identifying root behaviours and then seeing how they aggregate into higher‐level dimensions and meta‐categories. We offer a roadmap that will help facilitate such progress and enable future research to cumulate into a more comprehensive, coherent, and empirically justifiable hierarchical model of leadership behaviours. We also discuss how personality research raises a variety of other interesting analogous questions about leadership behaviours, including how to incorporate situational influences and whether patterns of characteristic leader behaviours develop over time.
An optimization and refinement of the whole‐gut transit assay in mice
Authors: Schonkeren Simone L. , Seeldrayers Saskia , Thijssen Meike S. , Boesmans Werend , Langen Ramon C. J. , Melotte Veerle 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundGastrointestinal motility measurements in mice are currently performed under suboptimal conditions, as these nocturnal animals are measured during light conditions. In addition, other stressors, like individual housing, placement in a new cage during observation, and lack of bedding and cage enrichment cause animal discomfort and might contribute to higher variability. Here we aimed to develop a refined method of the widely‐used whole‐gut transit assay.MethodsWildtype mice (N = 24) were subjected to the standard or refined whole‐gut transit assay, either with or without a standardized slowing in gastrointestinal motility induced by loperamide. The standard assay consisted of a gavage with carmine red, observation during the light period and individual housing in a new cage without cage enrichment. For the refined whole‐gut transit assay, mice were gavaged with UV‐fluorescent DETEX®, observed during the dark period, while pairwise housed in their home cage with cage enrichment. Time until excretion of the first colored fecal pellet was assessed, and pellets were collected to assess number, weight, and water content.Key ResultsThe DETEX®‐containing pellets were UV‐detectable, allowing to measure the mice in their active period in the dark. The refined method caused less variation (20.8% and 16.0%) compared to the standard method (29.0% and 21.7%). Fecal pellet number, weight, and water content was significantly different between the standard and refined method.Conclusions & InferencesThis refined whole‐gut transit assay provides a reliable approach to measure whole‐gut transit time in mice in a more physiological context, with reduced variability compared to the standard method.
Further insight into the involvement of PII1 in starch granule initiation in Arabidopsis leaf chloroplasts
Authors: Vandromme Camille , Spriet Corentin , Putaux Jean‐Luc , Dauvillée David , Courseaux Adeline , D'Hulst Christophe , Wattebled Fabrice 
Published: April 2023

Summary

The control of starch granule initiation in plant leaves is a complex process that requires active enzymes like Starch Synthase 4 and 3 (SS4 or SS3) and several noncatalytic proteins such as Protein Involved in starch Initiation 1 (PII1). In Arabidopsis leaves, SS4 is the main enzyme that control starch granule initiation, but in its absence, SS3 partly fulfills this function. How these proteins collectively act to control the initiation of starch granules remains elusive. PII1 and SS4 physically interact, and PII1 is required for SS4 to be fully active. However, Arabidopsis mutants lacking SS4 or PII1 still accumulate starch granules.

Combining pii1 KO mutation with either ss3 or ss4 KO mutations provide new insights of how the remaining starch granules are synthesized.

The ss3 pii1 line still accumulates starch, while the phenotype of ss4 pii1 is stronger than that of ss4.

Our results indicate first that SS4 initiates starch granule synthesis in the absence of PII1 albeit being limited to one large lenticular granule per plastid. Second, that if in the absence of SS4, SS3 is able to initiate starch granules with low efficiency, this ability is further reduced with the additional absence of PII1.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus changes alfalfa (Medicago sativa) metabolites in response to leaf spot (Phoma medicaginis) infection, with subsequent effects on pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) behavior
Authors: Li Yingde , Nan Zhibiao , Matthew Cory , Wang Yajie , Duan Tingyu 
Published: April 2023

Summary

Plant disease occurs simultaneously with insect attack. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) modify plant biotic stress response. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and pathogens may modify plant volatile organic compound (VOC) production and insect behavior. Nevertheless, such effects are rarely studied, particularly for mesocosms where component organisms interact with each other.

Plant‐mediated effects of leaf pathogen (Phoma medicaginis) infection on aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) infestation, and role of AMF (Rhizophagus intraradices) in modifying these interactions were elucidated in a glasshouse experiment. We evaluated alfalfa disease occurrence, photosynthesis, phytohormones, trypsin inhibitor (TI) and total phenol response to pathogen and aphid attack, with or without AMF, and aphid behavior towards VOCs from AMF inoculated and non‐mycorrhizal alfalfa, with or without pathogen infection.

AM fungus enhanced alfalfa resistance to pathogen and aphid infestation. Plant biomass, root : shoot ratio, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, salicylic acid, and TI were significantly increased in AM‐inoculated alfalfa. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and pathogen significantly changed alfalfa VOCs. Aphids preferred VOCs of AM‐inoculated and nonpathogen‐infected to nonmycorrhizal and pathogen‐infected alfalfa.

We propose that AMF alter plant response to multiple biotic stresses in ways both beneficial and harmful to the plant host, providing a basis for strategies to manage pathogens and herbivore pests.
Race in representative bureaucracy theory: A problematizing review
Authors: Strader Eiko , Griffie Vernicia , Irelan Patrick C. , Kwan Leslie Y. , Northcott Emma , Pandey Sanjay K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study is an epistemic reflexive examination of race in representative bureaucracy theory, responding to the criticism that its conceptualization has been narrow. To counter socially reinforced ways of thinking, we use a problematizing review method to read broadly and selectively. Reviewing a sample of articles published in public administration (immediate research domain); political science (neighboring domain); sociology and Asian/cultural/ethnic studies (indirectly relevant domains) between 2017 and 2021 and paying attention to social constructionism, we examined how race and ethnicity are conceptualized. While the articles in public administration focused on a binary conception of race, treating differential outcomes as natural, articles sampled from other domains explained how ethnoracial categories were constructed, highlighted the contextual nature of differential outcomes, and engaged with the issue of racialization. To expand the conception of race in public administration, we must explore the process in which racial constructs became associated with unequal outcomes.
The impact of vascular access location on pulmonary arterial pressure in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis
Authors: Sathiavageesan Subrahmanian , Shanmugam Vimalraj Bogana , Sundaram Vivek 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and aimIt is feared that among chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis, arteriovenous fistula (AVF) itself could contribute to pulmonary hypertension (PH). The impact of AVF location on PH is yet to be assessed. We hypothesize that patients with proximal AVF have higher access blood flow and hence higher pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP) than those with distal AVF. We aimed to compare the PASP between patients with proximal and distal AVF.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, PASP was estimated using Doppler echocardiography and blood flow in the AVF was assessed by Doppler ultrasound. PASP was modeled by multivariate linear regression. AVF location was the primary exposure of interest.ResultsOut of 89 patients undergoing hemodialysis, 72 (81%) had PH defined as PASP >35 mmHg. The mean blood flow in proximal and distal AVF was, respectively, 1240 and 783 mL/min (mean difference 457 mL/min, p < 0.001). Mean PASP in patients with proximal AVF was 16.6 mmHg higher than those with distal AVF (p < 0.001, 95% CI 8.3–24.9). There was a positive correlation between access blood flow and PASP (r = 0.28, p = 0.007). If access blood flow was included as a covariate in the multivariate model, the association between AVF location and PASP ceased to exist.ConclusionPatients with proximal AVF have a significantly higher PASP than those with distal AVF, and this could be attributed to the higher blood flow in proximal AVF compared to distal AVF.
PD‐L1 expression downregulation by RNF43 in gastric carcinoma enhances antitumour activity of T cells
Authors: Yang Jing , Wei Meng , Liu Xin , Shao Xiao , Yan Jingshuang , Liu Jialong , Wen Jing , Zhang Xueting , Dong Ruihua , Min Min 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRing finger protein 43 (RNF43), a transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligase, has been indicated to be a potential biomarker for gastric cancer treatment, as this protein increases tumour cell apoptosis and suppresses cellular proliferation. The role of RNF43 in cellular immunotherapy remains unclear. Herein, we aimed to explore the expression level of RNF43 in gastric cancer cell lines and its role in cellular immunotherapy. The expression level of RNF43 and PD‐L1 and their correlation in gastric cancer cell lines were analysed. The expression of PD‐L1 was negatively correlated with that of RNF43 in gastric cancer cell lines. RNF43 interacted with PD‐L1 to augment both K48‐ and K63‐linked ubiquitination of PD‐L1 in gastric cancer cell lines. In addition, RNF43 expression in gastric cancer cell lines could enhance the antitumour activity of T cells. In conclusion, this study reveals that RNF43 can inhibit PD‐L1 expression to enhance the antitumour activity of cellular immunotherapy.
Amplicon capture phylogenomics provides new insights into the phylogeny and evolution of alpine Parnassius butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)
Authors: Tian Xiao , Mo ShiFang , Liang Dan , Wang HouShuai , Zhang Peng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe alpine butterfly genus Parnassius is a popular model group for studying biogeography, evolution, conservation biology, and ecology. Despite its scientific importance, a comprehensive and robust phylogeny of this group is still lacking. In this study, we used an amplicon capture strategy to sequence 144 nuclear protein‐coding genes and complete mitochondrial genomes for 60 Parnassius specimens covering 42 species and all eight subgenera of Parnassius. Our results strongly support the monophyly of the genus and eight subgenera. The relationships among subgenera are robustly resolved as (Sachaia, (Kreizbergia, (Driopa, (Parnassius, (Tadumia, Lingamius), (Kailasius, Koramius))))), which is different from all previous results. Biogeographic and divergence time analyses indicate that the ancestor of Parnassius originated in an area including the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau (HTP) and Mongolian steppes in the middle Miocene approximately 13.19 Mya. The middle Miocene global cooling event (starting from ~13.9 Mya) probably provided climatic opportunities for the diversification of cold‐adapted Parnassius. The ancestral state reconstruction analyses suggest that the ancestor of Parnassius butterflies most likely lived in a medium elevational area (2000–4000 m) and fed on Papaveraceae plants. The host shift from Papaveraceae to Crassulaceae in the subgenus Parnassius increases the species diversity of this subgenus, concurring with the “escape and radiate” hypothesis. Overall, our work provides valuable nuclear gene and mitochondrial genome data and a robust phylogenetic framework of Parnassius for future studies of the taxonomy, evolution, and ecology of this group.
Triassic in the northernmost Atlantic—Linking North Greenland and the southwestern Barents Sea
Authors: Bjerager Morten , Alsen Peter , Bojesen‐Koefoed Jørgen A. , Fyhn Michael B. W. , Hovikoski Jussi , Keulen Nynke , Lindström Sofie , Therkelsen Jens , Thomsen Tonny B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Wandel Sea Basin in North Greenland was part of the epicontinental Boreal Sea in Triassic time. The basin formed the western margin of the northernmost Atlantic elongated sea connecting southwards with basins along the conjugate Greenland—Norwegian margins. A multidisciplinary dataset including sedimentology, biostratigraphy, organic geochemistry and sedimentary provenance, allow to document its basin evolution. The Wandel Sea Basin was transgressed in the Dienerian with marine deposition prevailing until the Norian. Sediments were mainly sourced from the Greenlandic Caledonian basement and deposited on a 100 km wide shallow marine shelf during the Early Triassic. In Middle Triassic, oil‐prone mudstones formed in oxygen‐depleted deep shelf settings, including eastern Wandel Sea Basin. Detrital zircon U–Pb ages show that by Carnian times, the >1000 km wide, Uralian‐sourced, deltaic shelf had prograded westward across the Barents Sea reaching the eastern north Greenland and de facto nearly closed the northernmost Atlantic Sea.
Providing comparison normal examples alongside pathologic thoracic radiographic cases can improve veterinary students’ ability to identify abnormal findings or diagnose disease
Authors: Sukut Sally L. , D'Eon Marcel , Lawson Joshua , Mayer Monique N. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLearning by comparison is a frequently employed education strategy used across many disciplines and levels. Interpreting radiographs requires both skills of perception and pattern recognition, which makes comparison techniques particularly useful in this field. In this randomized, prospective, parallel‐group study, students enrolled in second and third‐year radiology veterinary courses were given a case‐based thoracic radiographic interpretation assignment. A cohort of the participants was given cases with side‐by‐side comparison normal images while the other cohort only had access to the cases. Twelve cases in total were presented to the students, with 10 cases depicting examples of common thoracic pathologies, while 2 cases were examples of normal. Radiographs of both feline and canine species were represented. Correctness of response to multiple choice questions was tracked, as was year and group (group 1: non compare, Control; group 2: compare, Intervention). Students assigned to group 1 had a lower percentage of correct answers than students assigned to group 2 (45% Control vs. 52% Intervention; P = 0.01). This indicates that side‐by‐side comparison to a normal example is helpful in identifying disease. No statistical significance was noted for the correctness of responses according to the year of training (P = 0.90). The overall poor performance on the assignment, regardless of group or year, shows that students in the early years of undergraduate veterinary radiology training struggle with the interpretation of common pathologies, likely a result of a lack of exposure to a multitude of cases and normal variants.
Comparative kinetic and kinematic evaluation of TPLO and TPLO combined with extra‐articular lateral augmentation: A biomechanical study
Authors: Husi Benjamin , Park Brian , Lampart Marina , Evans Richard , Pozzi Antonio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate stifle kinematics and kinetics following TPLO and TPLO combined with an extra‐articular lateral augmentation (TPLO‐IB) during the tibial compression test (TCT) and the tibial pivot compression test (TPT), applied with an external (eTPT) and an internal moment (iTPT).Study designExperimental ex vivo study.Sample populationTen cadaveric hindlimbs of dogs weighing 23–40 kg.Methods3D‐kinematic and kinetic data were collected while performing TCT, eTPT, and iTPT and compared under the conditions (1) normal, (2) CCL deficient, (3) TPLO, and (4) TPLO‐IB. Two‐way repeated‐measures ANOVA was used to examine the effect of test and treatment on kinetic and kinematic data.ResultsMean ± SD preoperative TPA was 24.7° ± 1.7°, postoperative TPA was 5.9° ± 0.7°. During TCT, there was no difference in cranial tibial translation between the intact stifle and after TPLO (p = .17). In contrast, cranial tibial translation was six times larger in TPLO compared to intact when performing eTPT and iTPT (p < .001). Cranial tibial translation with TCT, eTPT and iTPT was not different between intact stifle and TPLO‐IB. Intraclass correlation coefficient for eTPT and iTPT after TPLO and TPLO‐IB was excellent being 0.93 (0.70–0.99) and 0.91 (0.73–0.99), respectively.ConclusionWhereas TCT is negative after TPLO, instability persists when a rotational moment is combined using eTPT and iTPT. TPLO‐IB neutralizes craniocaudal and rotational instability when performing TCT, eTPT, and iTPT.
Clinical tools to assess functional capacity before elective non-cardiac surgery: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Daza Julian F. , Chesney Tyler R. , Alibhai Shabbir M.H. , Kennedy Erin D. , Lebovic Gerald , Lightfoot David , Mbadjeu Hondjeu Arnaud R. , Morales Juan F. , Pivetta Bianca , Jolley Rachel , Racz Elizabeth , Wilmshurst Luke , Wijeysundera Duminda N. 
Published: April 2023

Objective:
The objective of this scoping review is to map the evidence on clinical tools to assess functional capacity prior to elective non-cardiac surgery.

Introduction:
Functional capacity is a strong prognostic indicator before surgery, which can be used to identify patients at elevated risk of postoperative complications, yet, there is no consensus on which clinical tools should be used to assess functional capacity in patients prior to non-cardiac surgery.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider any randomized or non-randomized studies that evaluate the performance of a functional capacity assessment tool in adults (≥18 years) prior to non-cardiac surgery. For studies to be included, the tool must be used clinically for risk stratification. We will exclude studies on lung and liver transplant surgery, as well as ambulatory procedures performed under local anesthesia.

Methods:
The review will be conducted in line with the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. A peer-reviewed search strategy will be used to query relevant databases (ie, MEDLINE, Embase, EBM Reviews). Additional sources of evidence will include databases of non-peer-reviewed literature and the reference lists of included studies. Two independent reviewers will identify eligible studies in 2 stages: stage 1, based on titles and abstracts; and stage 2, based on full texts. Information on study details, measurement properties, pragmatic qualities, and/or clinical utility metrics will be charted in duplicate onto standardized data collection forms. The results will be presented using descriptive summaries, frequency tables, and visual plots that highlight the extent of evidence and remaining gaps in the validation process of each tool.

Review registration:
Open Science Framework https://osf.io/6nfht
GaPP2, a multicentre randomised controlled trial of the efficacy of gabapentin for the management of chronic pelvic pain in women: study protocol
Authors: Vincent Katy , Baranowski Andrew , Bhattacharya Siladitya , Birch Judy , Cheong Ying , Cregg Roman , Daniels Jane , Hewitt Catherine A , Macfarlane Gary J , Middleton Lee , Szubert Wojciech , Tracey Irene , Williams Amanda C de C , Horne Andrew W 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionChronic pelvic pain (CPP) affects more than 1 million UK women with associated healthcare costs of £158 million annually. Current evidence supporting interventions when no underlying pathology is identified is very limited and treatment is frequently inadequate. Gabapentin (a GABA analogue) is efficacious and often well tolerated in other chronic pain conditions. We have completed a successful pilot randomised controlled trial Gabapentin for Pelvic Pain 1 (GaPP1) and here describe the protocol for our definitive multicentre trial to assess the efficacy of gabapentin in the management of CPP in women Gabapentin for Pelvic Pain 2 (GaPP2).Methods and analysisWe plan to perform a double-blind placebo-controlled randomised multicentre clinical trial, recruiting 300 women with CPP from up to 40 National Health Service hospitals within the UK. After randomisation, women will titrate their medication (gabapentin or placebo) over a 4-week period to a maximum of 2700 mg or placebo equivalent and will then maintain a stable dose for a 12-week period. Response to treatment will be monitored with validated questionnaires and coprimary outcome measures of average and worst pain scores will be employed. The primary objective is to test the hypothesis that treatment with gabapentin has the potential to provide an effective oral treatment to alleviate pain in women with CPP in the absence of any obvious pelvic pathology.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from the Coventry and Warwick Research Ethics Committee (REC 15/WM/0036). Data will be presented at international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals. We will make the information obtained from the study available to the public through national bodies and charities.Trial registration numberISRCTN77451762; Pre-results.