bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compatibility of Biocontrol Agent Trichoderma viride with Various Pesticides
Authors: Madhavi G Bindu , Bhattiprolu S L , Reddy V Bali 
Published: August 2023

Compatibility of Trichoderma viride with 25 pesticides was evaluated in vitro. Among six seed-treatment chemicals tested, T. viride showed a high compatibility with the insecticide Imidacloprid (7.6cm mycelial growth), followed by Mancozeb (6.3cm) and Tebuconazole (3.7cm). Contact fungicides, viz., Pencycuron and Propineb were found to be fully compatible with T. viride. Among the 10 herbicides also tested, the fungus was highly compatible with Imazathafir (9.0cm) followed by 2,4-D Sodium salt (8.9cm) and Oxyfluoforen (6.5cm) while being totally incompatible with systemic fungicides like Carbendazim, Hexaconazole, Tebuconazole and Propiconazole.
Evaluation of F1 Hybrids in Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.) for Yield and Quality
Authors: Thangamani C , Pugalendhi L , Sumathi T , Kavitha C 
Published: August 2023

To study the combining ability and heterosis for yield and quality characters, full diallel analysis was carried out in bitter gourd during January - April 2008 (Thai pattam), with 10 diversified parents, at Research Farm, Horticultural College and Research Institute, TNAU, Coimbatore. Parental mean and gca effects revealed that the parents Preethi, CO-1, MC-30, Uchha Bolder, Green Long and MC-105 were the best genotypes for improvement of yield, combined with quality characters. Hybrids, viz., Preethi x MC-30, KR x USL, MC-105 x MC-10 and Priyanka x CO-1 registered favourable values for mean, significant sca and standard heterosis for yield and quality parameters. Hence, these hybrids are recommended for commercial exploitation of heterosis. Comparison of parental gca and sca of hybrids revealed that hybridization between good x good, good x poor, medium x poor and poor x good combiners gave rise to hybrids with significant sca effects. Considering the mean performance, sca and standard heterosis, hybrid 'Preethi x MC-30' registered favourable values for the most important characters like earliness, number of fruits, fruit yield and quality. Top performing F1 hybrids can be tested over seasons and locations for assessing stability for high yield and quality.
Standardization of IBA Concentration for Rooting of Cuttings of some Indigenous Fruit Crops of Assam
Authors: Angami Thejangulie , Das R P 
Published: August 2023

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of different concentrations of IBA (250, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm) on rooting of cuttings in five indigenous fruit species- Barthekera (Garcinia pedunculataRoxb.), Teportenga (Garcinia xanthochymus Hk.f), Jalphai (Eleocarpus floribundus Bl ), Nagatenga (Rhus semialata Murr.) and Outenga (Dillenia indica Linn.) during March 2007. Among all the five species studied, Outenga registered highest percentage of rooting (38.86), number of primary roots (12.00), survival percentage (40.47) and longest shoots (20.41cm). IBA @ 2000 ppm exhibited highest percentage of rooting (37.13), number of primary roots (9.13), survival percentage (35.69) and longest shoots (17.91cm).
Influence of Gibberellic Acid and Planting Date on Growth and Flowering in Gladiolus Cv. Yellow Frilled
Authors: Kumari Suman , Patel B S , Mahawer L N 
Published: August 2023

The present investigation was conducted during 2004-05 rabi season to test the influence of gibberellic acid (GA3) and planting date on growth and flowering in gladiolus cv. Yellow Frilled, at S.D.A.U., S.K. Nagar (Gujarat). This was done in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and analysed under factorial setup to study the interaction. Results revealed that the earliest sprouting in corm, maximum plant height, number of leaves plant-1, leaf area plant-1, early spike emergence, number of spikes plant-1plot-1, spike length, rachis length, number of florets spike-1, and flowering duration were recorded in the earliest planting date, i.e., 25th October. Dipping corm in GA3 (100pm) also proved to be the best leading to earliest corm sprouting, and various growth/flowering parameters. From these results, it is concluded that in gladiolus, planting on 25th October along with dipping of corms in gibberellic acid (100ppm) at the time of planting, is most effective for improved growth and flowering.
Comparative Performance of Spray Chrysanthemum Cultivars under Polyhouse and Open-Field Cultivation at Different Dates of Planting
Authors: Gantait Subhendu s , Pal P 
Published: August 2023

Fifteen cultivars of spray chrysanthemum were evaluated in polyhouse and open-field, with three planting dates from mid-July to mid-August during 2003-05. Overall plant growth, flower stem length, number of flowers per plant, shelf life and vase life of flower were found to be maximum under 15th July planting compared to 30th July and 15th August plantings both under polyhouse and open-field conditions. Flower size and flower yield (g/plant) was highest under 30th July planting in polyhouse condition, whereas, in open-field it was the 15th July planting. Early flowering was recorded in 15th August planting both in polyhouse and open-field. Cultivar Arati showed maximum flower stem length and flower yield. Some of the other cultivars, viz., Yellow Anemone, Sarad Mala, Apsara Violet and Aditi also exhibited high yield both under polyhouse and open-field conditions. Polyhouse always recorded higher yield than open-field. Cultivar Yellow Anemone planted on 15th July recorded highest number of flowers per plant regardless of growth environment. Highest flower yield (794.94g) per plant was recorded in cv. Arati in 30th July planting under polyhouse, while, it was maximum in 15th July planting in open-field.
Evaluation of Fungicides, Soil Amendment Practices and Bioagents against Fusarium solani-Causal Agent of Wilt Disease in Chilli
Authors: Madhavi G Bindu , Bhattiprolu S L 
Published: August 2023

Chilli is affected by the wilt disease caused by Fusarium solani, under irrigated conditions. In absence of resistant cultivars, the disease needs to be controlled by management practices. In vitro evaluation of six fungicides by Poisoned Food Technique showed that a combination of carbendazim+mancozeb was effective in inhibiting mycelial growth (93.6%), followed by Carbendazim alone (92.4%). In vivo soil drench using the same fungicides proved effective in controlling the pathogen. Integration of different treatments, including seedling dip, with Carbendazim, addition of vermicompost, drenching with fungicide, and application of Trichoderma viride was found to be effective in managing the disease, in comparison to individual treatments.
Banana Production and Productivity Enhancement through Spatial, Water and Nutrient Management
Authors: Mustaffa M M , Kumar V 
Published: August 2023

Bananas and plantains globally the fourth important food crop, recorded wide variation in production and productivity in most of the banana growing regions. This is attributed mainly to the variety, type of planting material used, season and method of planting besides management techniques such as water and nutrients. Among all the commercial varieties of banana, owing to comparatively higher yield potential and better marketability both in domestic and export markets the Cavendish group of bananas such as Grand Naine, Williams, Robusta are preferred over other cultivars of banana. Planting sword suckers is beneficial and more ideal conventional planting material than the water suckers, butts and bits of rhizomes. However, the in-vitro banana plants of Dwarf Cavendish and Robusta are superior to conventional suckers due to their vigorous growth, early flowering (19 days) and reduced crop duration by 29 and 22 days, respectively. With reference to plant spacing and planting density which is determined by varieties grown, soil fertility status, prevailing climatic conditions etc. and maintenance of lower density of 625-1000 plants ha-1 recorded low productivity at <30t ha-1, while, high density of 5000 plants ha-1 recorded 120t ha-1. However, time taken for maturity was distinctly longer in higher densities, with 120 and 160 days Bunch grade and fruit quality are, however determined by pre-harvest bunch management practices. Influence of method of irrigation, fertilizer application and the role of nutrient elements, organic farming, INM and use of bunch sleeves on yield and fruit quality in different commercial cultivars under various conditions is discussed.
Record of Thrips on Mango
Authors: Krishnamoorthy A , Ganga Visalakshi P N 
Published: August 2023

During a trial in 2009 at Moorapoor Village, Dharmapuri district, Tamil Nadu, for control of mango hoppers and thrips using entomo-pathogens, inflorescences were seen to harbour different species of thrips. Close microscopic observation revealed presence of Frankliniella schultzei (Tryb.), Thrips palmi Karny, T. hawaiiensis (Morgan) and T. subnudula. However, Thrips palmi was the predominant species whereas, for the first time Frankliniella schultzai and Thrips subnudula (Karny, 1927) are reported here on inflorescence of mango in India.
Tip Withering Bug, Anoplocnemis phasiana (Fab.), Halts Grape Shoots: Friend or Foe, Arrival Time Explains
Authors: Jayanthi P D Kamala , Prakash G S 
Published: August 2023

Pruning is a regular practice followed in grapevine, Vitis vinefera L., to keep the vine manageable and productive. However, immediately after pruning, the plants put out a new flush of leaves which attract several leaf-feeding insects, leading to defoliation and crinkling. Incidence of tip withering bug, Anoplocnemis phasiana (Fab.), usually coinciding with the period of halting practice, results in die-back of shoot tip and prevents extension of the shoot, thus halting shoot growth. Intricacies involved in incidence of this coreid bug on grapevine are discussed here.
Efficacy of Fungicides for Control of White Mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Lib.) De Bary in Lima Bean
Authors: Pandey Ashutosh , Mathew Amita J , Kamle Madhu , Mishra Rupesh Kumar , Kumar Pradeep 
Published: August 2023

White mold of lima bean (Phaseolous lunatus) caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a major disease in India. Isolates of the pathogen from different region of Uttar Pradesh were assayed both in vitro and in the greenhouse (in vivo) for their sensitivity to eight commercially available fungicides, viz., dithiocarbamic acid, carbendazim, ziram, phenylthiourea, carboxin + dithiocarbamic acid, difenoconazole, hydrogen sulphide, and mancozeb. Phenylthiourea and difenoconazole were found to be most effective and these inhibited radial growth of the test organism a level of to 71.5% and 70.5%, respectively. These two fungicides were also found as most promising in controlling the disease under greenhouse conditions, reducing disease severity to 0.14% and 0.22%, respectively compared to the control where it was 18.9%.
Isotope-Aided Research in Fruit and Vegetable Crops
Authors: Kotur S C 
Published: August 2023

In the realm of newly-emerging horticultural enterprises, some of the tracer- or isotope-related applications are highlighted here. These include root activity studies on important fruit crops using soil injection of carrier-free 32P, factors affecting spatial temporal root activity distribution of fruit crops, appropriate time and method of application to achieve maximum use efficiency in fruit and vegetable crops using 15N- and 32P-labelled fertilizers. A model for studying nutrient efficient cropping sequences and crop combinations in vegetable crops was also developed. Other uses of radiation techniques in plant nutrition are: mobilization of P from mother plant to sucker in 'Robusta' banana, contribution of exogenous fertilizer source to phosphorus availability in citrus, internal dilution technique for comparing sources not amenable to isotope labelling, determination of tree volume in fruit crops using isotope dilution technique, detection of unorthodox movement of nutrients upon direct feeding of nutrients to de-navelled banana bunch, monitoring internal dynamics of water in spongy-tissue affected 'Alphonso' mango fruits, investigations on source-sink relationship in mango and some vegetable crops, identification of high water use efficient types using ∇18O values in onion, etc. Scope of using tracer techniques in horticultural research is highlighted.
Studies on Combining Ability for Yield and Quality Traits in Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)
Authors: Bhushan Bharat , Sidhu A S , Dhatt A S , Kumar Ajay 
Published: August 2023

The experimental material in brinjal (eggplant) comprised 19 parents (15 lines + 4 testers), 60 F1 crosses and two standard checks (BH-1 and BH-2). This was grown in Randomized Block Design, with three replications. Lines vs. testers showed significance for all characters except plant height, plant spread, number of primary branches, dry matter, total sugars and total phenol. Analysis for parents vs. hybrids showed significance for all the characters except average fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, plant spread and number of primary branches. Analysis of Variance for combining ability revealed mean squares due to lines and testers were significant for all the characters except plant height, plant spread, number of primary branches, total sugars, total phenol and content of anthocyanins. The ratio of variance due to specific combining ability and general combining ability (σ2SCA: σ2GCA) was greater than unity, indicating non-additive genetic control for all traits except plant spread and total phenols. Among the females, Punjab Barsati, PBR-91-1, RCMBL-1-1, BSR-11; and among the males, BB-93-C and U-8-61-3 were best general combiners for yield and yield components. Punjab Barsati was the best combiner for days to 50% flowering, days to first fruit harvest, number of fruits per plant and number of primary branches. The cross JBR-3-16 × PB-64 manifested best SCA effects for days to 50% flowering; PBR-91-1JBSR-98-2 for average fruit weight; BSR-11 × PB-64 for fruit length; BSR-11× U-8-61-3 for fruit girth, and the cross HABL-1 × JBSR-98-2 for yield per plant and per hectare.
Qualitative Changes during Storage of Different Ginger-Based Spice Sauces
Authors: Jayashree E , Zachariah T John , Evangelin F P P , Bhai R Susheela 
Published: August 2023

Ready-to-eat sauces have become a trend in all kinds of meals. Five ginger-based sauces viz., ginger, ginger-black pepper, ginger-nutmeg, ginger-kokum and ginger-nutmeg-kokum were prepared as per standard procedures. Physical, biochemical, microbiological and rheological properties of the sauces were recorded at regular intervals for 135 days. There was no significant variation in physical properties (total soluble solids) during storage but colour value varied significantly. Variation in chemical parameters like pH, content of moisture, proteins, carbohydrates and total sugars was non-significant, but variation in titratable acidity and reducing sugars was significant. Storage period did not affect total plate count, consistency index and flow behavior index of the sauces, which remained constant during the entire storage period. Sensory score of the sauces showed that acceptability was high for ginger sauce, followed by ginger-black pepper and ginger-nutmeg sauce.
Effect of Age and Size of Hypocotyl Explant on in vitro Shoot Regeneration in Eggplant
Authors: Prakash D P , Deepali B S , Ramachandra Y L , Anand Lalitha , Hanur Vageeshbabu S 
Published: August 2023

In the present study, effect of size and age of hypocotyl explant on in vitro organogenetic responses was assessed in eggplant cv. Manjarigota. Size and age did not affect callus-initiation response, but showed marked influence on shoot regeneration response. Hypocotyl explants 1.5cm long showed highest shoot regeneration response (77.4%); either increase or decrease in size resulted in reduced response. Five to 15 day old hypocotyl explants showed direct shoot regeneration from cut ends, whereas 20-30 day old hypocotyl explants showed indirect shoot regeneration from callus produced on cut ends. Five day old explants were most responsive, with highest (91.23%) and thirty day old explants least responsive with reference to shoot regeneration response (20.85%). Shoot regeneration frequency decreased with increasing age, whereas shoot regeneration efficiency increased with increasing age of hypocotyl explants.
Evaluation of Gladiolus Cultivars in Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Sankari A , Anand M , Arulmozhiyan R 
Published: August 2023

Gladiolus grandiflorus L. genotypes were evaluated for growth and floral parameters in Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu, under Yercaud conditions. Significant differences were recorded for all traits studied. Among 42 genotypes evaluated, 'Pusa Shagun' and 'Pusa Swarnima' recorded quality spikes with higher vase life indicating their suitability for use in floral arrangement, while, genotypes like 'Thumbolina', 'Priscilla' and 'Candyman' were found superior in characters like corm number, corm weight and corm diameter. Taking into account various growth and floral characters of the genotypes studied, Pusa Swarnima, Pusa Shagun, Thumbolina, Priscilla and Candyman can be recommended for cut-flower production in the Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu.
Effects of Cucumis and Cucurbita Rootstocks on Vegetative Traits, Yield and Quality in 'Tainan No. 1' Cucumber
Authors: Chao Hsiu- Fung , Yen Yung- Fu 
Published: August 2023

'Tainan No.1' cucumber, an F1 hybrid, is powdery-mildew resistant and is, therefore, fit for greenhouse-culture. Soil-borne diseases in cucurbits have gained increasing importance with intensive cultivation of these crops. In the present experiment, cucumber cv. 'Tainan No. 1' was grafted onto two rootstocks, viz., Cucumisand Cucurbita. Nongrafted cucumber plants were used as the Control. Results revealed that both kinds of grafted plants had similar graft-survival rate, and, better vegetative growth than non-grafted ones; however, between the two rootstocks, grafted plants did not differ in vegetative growth or yield. Further, plants grafted on Cucumis had significant effect on fruit quality. In is therefore recommended that grafting procedure in cucumber greenhouse-culture can be practiced on Cucumis.
Influence of Various Sources and Levels of Fertilizer Applied through Fertigation on Hybrid Watermelon Grown in Rabi-Summer
Authors: Prabhakar M , Hebbar S S , Nair A K 
Published: August 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Bangalore during 2006-2008 to study the effect of fertigation on growth and yield of rabi-summer grown watermelon. Seven treatments comprising varying rates and sources of fertilizers were applied. Application of water soluble fertilizer @ 70:70:70kg N:P2O5:K2O per hectare through fertigation gave significantly higher vine length, number of branches per plant and leaf area index. In general, fertigation treatments recorded higher values for number of fruits per plant, fruit weight and total soluble solids than conventional soilapplication of fertilizers. All the fertigation treatments recorded higher average marketable watermelon yield over conventional soil-application of fertilizers amounting to 7.22 to 26.4% increase. Among fertigation treatments, though recommended dose of fertilizer applied as water soluble fertilizer resulted in highest marketable-fruit yield, highest net income (Rs. 229775) and B:C ratio (3.03) was obtained in treatment with 70% of recommended dose of NPK using conventional fertilizers supplied through fertigation.
Evidence for Molecular Evolutionary Conservedness of Small Heat-Shock Protein Sequence in Solanaceaeous Crops Using in silico Methods
Authors: Prakash M K Chandra , Thomas Reena Rosy , Reddy M Krishna , Mohandas Sukhada 
Published: August 2023

Drought and heat contribute to much of the yield decline in agricultural lands all over the world. The basic physiological responses developed against drought and heat stress overlie each other, as; both these stresses eventually lead to dehydration of the cell and to osmotic imbalance. To cope with abiotic stresses, it is necessary to understand plant responses to stresses that disturb homeostatic equilibrium at the cellular and molecular level. Although there has been remarkable progress in this with development of microarray-based expression profiling methods (together with genomic sequence data), understanding on ways to employ these data to engineer plants with improved stresstolerance is still at a nascent stage. However, these data can be used for discovering genes, functional microsatellites and regulatory elements using in silico methods. In this context, single nucleotide repeat marker sequences have been identified which is associated with small heat-shock protein sequence (sHSP) for heat tolerance in Capsicum annuum. These sHSP sequences have some structural features in common; its characteristic is that it is homologous and highly conserved. These sequences have been analyzed for molecular evolutionary conservedness in solanaceaeous crops and have been found to have a single nucleotide repeat sequence and a highly conserved sHSP sequence.
Improving Lemon [Citrus limon (L.) Burm.] Quality Using Growth Regulators
Authors: Sandhu Savreet 
Published: August 2023

Lemon [Citrus limon (L.) Burm.] is a leading acidic citrus fruit. However, poor fruit quality causes considerable reduction in marketable yield leading to heavy financial loss to the grower. To combat poor fruit quality, an experiment was laid out during the fruiting year 2009 with a view to obtain excellent quality lemon at harvest. Plant material for this investigation was selected from Punjab Government Progeny Orchard&Nursery, Attari, Amritsar. Foliar spray of NAA (10, 20 and 40ppm)and GA3 (5, 10 and 20ppm) was applied twice at an interval of 15 days during the month of May. Substantial improvement in fruit quality could be achieved with growth regulator treatment. NAA at 40ppm proved to be the best treatment for managing fruit cracking and improving fruit quality.
Garden Pea Improvement in India
Authors: Mohan N , Aghora T S , Wani M A , Divya B 
Published: August 2023

Garden pea (Pisum sativum L. var. hortense) is an important legume vegetable grown for its fresh, shelled green seeds rich in proteins, vitamins and minerals. At present over 1000 germplasm lines are available in India. Improvement of garden pea in the country was initiated during the 1940s in IARI and later in several other agricultural universities/ ICAR institutes. Currently, 27 early-varieties and 59 mid-season varieties are under cultivation in india. Initially, focus was on developing early-maturing varieties with high yield and quality. Subsequently, emphasis was laid on developing mid-season varieties having resistance to powdery mildew and other major diseases like Fusarium wilt and rust. Besides, varieties with resistance to bruchids and the leaf miner are also available. In the present paper, an attempt has been made to review current status of improvement of garden pea in India, covering its genetic resources, variability, heritability, genetic advance, heterosis and combining ability, G x E interaction, male sterility, breeding for biotic and abiotic stresses, mutation breeding and biotechnological applications. In recent years, there has been an increase in demand for varieties suited to kharif and early summer seasons, with resistance to powdery mildew, rust, Fusarium root wilt/rot and stemfly and also for processing and export. Therefore, future thrust in the improvement of garden pea would be on developing varieties tolerant to biotic and abiotic stresses (mainly high temperature), and also for processing and export.