bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Androgens and Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators to Treat Functional Limitations Associated With Aging and Chronic Disease
Authors: Bhasin Shalender , Krishnan Venkatesh , Storer Thomas W , Steiner Mitchell , Dobs Adrian S 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Testosterone, many steroidal androgens, and nonsteroidal ligands that bind to androgen receptor and exert tissue-specific transcriptional activity (selective androgen receptor modulators [SARMs]) are being developed as function-promoting therapies to treat functional limitations associated with aging and chronic diseases. This narrative review describes preclinical studies, mechanisms, and randomized trials of testosterone, other androgens, and nonsteroidal SARMs. Sex differences in muscle mass and strength and empiric use of anabolic steroids by athletes to increase muscularity and athletic performance provide supportive evidence of testosterone’s anabolic effects. In randomized trials, testosterone treatment increases lean body mass, muscle strength, leg power, aerobic capacity, and self-reported mobility. These anabolic effects have been reported in healthy men, hypogonadal men, older men with mobility limitation and chronic diseases, menopausal women, and HIV-infected women with weight loss. Testosterone has not consistently improved walking speed. Testosterone treatment increases volumetric and areal bone mineral density, and estimated bone strength; improves sexual desire, erectile function, and sexual activity; modestly improves depressive symptoms; and corrects unexplained anemia in older men with low testosterone levels. Prior studies have not been of sufficient size or duration to determine testosterone’s cardiovascular and prostate safety. The efficacy of testosterone in reducing physical limitations, fractures, falls, progression to diabetes, and correcting late-onset persistent depressive disorder remains to be established. Strategies to translate androgen-induced muscle mass and strength gains into functional improvements are needed. Future studies should evaluate the efficacy of combined administration of testosterone (or a SARM) plus multidimensional functional exercise to induce neuromuscular adaptations required for meaningful functional improvements.
The Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Musculoskeletal Health: The VITAL and DO-Health Trials
Authors: LeBoff Meryl S , Bischoff-Ferrari Heike A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Previous clinical trials and systematic reviews on the effects of supplemental vitamin D on musculoskeletal outcomes are conflicting. In this paper, we review the literature and summarize the effects of a high daily dose of 2 000 IU vitamin D on musculoskeletal outcomes in generally healthy adults, in men (≥50 years) and women (≥55 years) in the 5.3-year US VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL) trial (n = 25 871) and women and men (≥70 years) in the 3-year European DO-HEALTH trial (n = 2 157). These studies found no benefit of 2 000 IU/d of supplemental vitamin D on nonvertebral fractures, falls, functional decline, or frailty. In VITAL, supplementation with 2 000 IU/d of vitamin D did not reduce the risk of total or hip fractures. In a subcohort of VITAL, supplemental vitamin D did not improve bone density or structure (n = 771) or physical performance measures (n = 1 054). In DO-HEALTH, which investigated additive benefits of vitamin D with omega-3 and a simple home exercise program, the 3 treatments combined showed a significant 39% decreased odds of becoming prefrail compared to the control. The mean baseline 25(OH)D levels were 30.7 ± 10 ng/mL in VITAL and 22.4 ± 8.0 ng/mL in DO-HEALTH and increased to 41.2 ng/mL and 37.6 ng/mL in the vitamin D treatment groups, respectively. In generally healthy and vitamin D-replete older adults not preselected for vitamin D deficiency or low bone mass or osteoporosis, 2 000 IU/d of vitamin D had no musculoskeletal health benefits. These findings may not apply to individuals with very low 25(OH)D levels, gastrointestinal disorders causing malabsorption, or those with osteoporosis.
Cohort Changes and Sex Differences After Age 50 in Cognitive Variables in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Authors: O’Keefe Patrick , Muniz-Terrera Graciela , Voll Stacey , Clouston Sean , Wanström Linda , Mann Frank D , Lee Rodgers Joseph , Hofer Scott M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objectives
This paper models cognitive aging, across mid and late life, and estimates birth cohort and sex differences in both initial levels and aging trajectories over time in a sample with multiple cohorts and a wide span of ages.

Methods
The data used in this study came from the first 9 waves of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, spanning 2002–2019. There were n = 76,014 observations (proportion male 45%). Dependent measures were verbal fluency, immediate recall, delayed recall, and orientation. Data were modeled using a Bayesian logistic growth curve model.

Results
Cognitive aging was substantial in 3 of the 4 variables examined. For verbal fluency and immediate recall, males and females could expect to lose about 30% of their initial ability between the ages of 52 and 89. Delayed recall showed a steeper decline, with males losing 40% and females losing 50% of their delayed recall ability between ages 52 and 89 (although females had a higher initial level of delayed recall). Orientation alone was not particularly affected by aging, with less than a 10% change for either males or females. Furthermore, we found cohort effects for initial ability level, with particularly steep increases for cohorts born between approximately 1930 and 1950.

Discussion
These cohort effects generally favored later-born cohorts. Implications and future directions are discussed.
Development and process evaluation of a new entertainment-education TV series for cancer prevention in Portugal
Authors: Ribeiro Nuno , Carvalho Luís , Oliveira Pedro , Marcos Nuno T 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Cancer is a primary societal challenge worldwide, with over 23 million new cases/year, and 10 million deaths/year. Estimates of preventable cancer deaths rise as high as 70%, but such estimates rely heavily on individual behaviors, which in turn are correlated with knowledge and attitudes towards health and cancer. This paper describes the iterative evidence-based development of the first entertainment-education series on cancer prevention to be televised, and reports its effectiveness evaluation. A nominal group defined the guiding principles that were translated into key characteristics for a series named ‘2’ Life-changing minutes’. Pilot episodes were produced and evaluated in two complementary studies—a focus group study with medical doctors and a survey study with prospective viewers. Results from these studies guided the optimization and production of the full series, which was broadcast on national public TV, in prime time. An evaluation study was performed afterwards with naturally-occurring viewers and results show audience reach on par with purely entertainment series, that health messages can be clearly conveyed through fictional narratives, and that the series has high levels of appreciation and health promotion potential. ‘2’ Life-changing minutes’ constitutes a novel and effective proposal for health promotion, that challenges the primacy of information and statistics still common in health communication, with a new format based on stories, characters and social contexts to successfully promote health.
Clonal Patterns Between Pouch Neoplasia and Prior Colorectal Neoplasia in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: An Exploratory Cohort Study
Authors: te Groen Maarten , Derikx Lauranne A A P , van Lierop Lisa , Ylstra Bauke , Hoentjen Frank , Nagtegaal Iris D , Simmer Femke 
Published: June 2023

Lay Summary
Prior colorectal neoplasia is the strongest predictor of pouch neoplasia in inflammatory bowel disease, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. We observed clonality between colorectal and pouch neoplasia in 30% of patients, indicating that most pouch neoplasia develops clonally independent from prior colorectal lesions.
Toward an Understanding of Octopus Arm Motor Control
Authors: Olson Cassady S , Ragsdale Clifton W 
Published: June 2023

Synopsis
Octopuses have the extraordinary ability to control eight prehensile arms with hundreds of suckers. With these highly flexible limbs, they engage in a wide variety of tasks, including hunting, grooming, and exploring their environment. The neural circuitry generating these movements engages every division of the octopus nervous system, from the nerve cords of the arms to the supraesophegeal brain. In this review, the current knowledge on the neural control of octopus arm movements is discussed, highlighting open questions and areas for further study.
Neuroethology in The Age of Gene Editing: New Tools And Novel Insights into The Molecular And Neural Basis of Behavior
Authors: Alward Beau A , Juntti Scott A 
Published: June 2023

Synopsis
Fifty years ago, animal models studied in the lab were highly diverse, and biological insights were derived from experiments in many species. However, the pursuit of mechanistic explanations in organismal biology led to a shift in the species most commonly studied. The advent of genetic manipulations and economies of scale promoted the consolidation of research into fewer species (eg, Drosophila melanogaster, Mus musculus, Danio rerio, Caenorhabditis elegans). As a result, the tremendous variety of evolutionary adaptations across species provided insights into ultimate causes of evolution, but their proximate mechanisms have been understudied in recent decades. Within the last decade, developments in genome modifications have enabled functional genetic studies in a wide variety of species. This special issue combines papers derived from a symposium organized at the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology conference in January 2023 in Austin, Texas. The symposium entitled “Neuroethology in the age of gene editing: New tools and novel insights into the molecular and neural basis of behavior” was convened to catalyze the transfer of knowledge and skills from researchers who have applied genome modification technologies in new model organisms to scientists who would like to bring these approaches to their own research programs. We highlight this work here, and suggest how the future of biological knowledge will be informed by these powerful experiments.
Variance component estimation and genome-wide association of predicted methane production in crossbred beef steers
Authors: Lakamp Andrew D , Ahlberg Cashley M , Allwardt Kristi , Broocks Ashely , Bruno Kelsey , McPhillips Levi , Taylor Alexandra , Krehbiel Clint R , Calvo-Lerenzo Michelle S , Richards Chris J , Place Sara E , DeSilva Udaya , Kuehn Larry A , Weaber Robert L , Bormann Jennifer M , Rolf Megan M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Enteric methane is a potent greenhouse gas and represents an escape of energy from the ruminant digestive system. Additive genetic variation in methane production suggests that genetic selection offers an opportunity to diminish enteric methane emissions. Logistic and monetary difficulties in directly measuring methane emissions can make genetic evaluation on an indicator trait such as predicted methane production a more appealing option, and inclusion of genotyping data can result in greater genetic progress. Three predicted methane production traits were calculated for 830 crossbred steers fed in seven groups. The methane prediction equations used included mathematical models from Ellis et al. (2007), Mills et al. (2003), and IPCC (2019). Pearson correlations between the traits were all greater than 0.99, indicating that each prediction equation behaved similarly. Further, the Spearman correlations between the estimated breeding values for each trait were also 0.99, which suggests any of the predicted methane models could be used without substantially changing the ranking of the selection candidates. The heritabilities of Ellis, Mills, and IPCC predicted methane production were 0.60, 0.62, and 0.59, respectively. A genome-wide association study identified one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that reached the threshold for significance for all of the traits on chromosome 7 related to oxidoreductase activity. Additionally, the SNP slightly below the significance threshold indicate genes related to collagen, intracellular microtubules, and DNA transcription may play a role in predicted methane production or its component traits.
A new species of crayfish (Decapoda: Astacidea: Cambaridae) from the Cumberland Thrust Block (eastern Kentucky and Tennessee, USA), with notes on the evolution ofCambarusErichson, 1846 in the Ohio River Basin of the Appalachian Mountains
Authors: Thoma Roger F , Fetzner James W 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCambarus intermontanus n. sp. is described from mountain streams in the Clear Creek basin along the Kentucky/Tennessee border between Cumberland and Pine Mountains on the Cumberland Thrust Block. The new species is morphologically most similar to Cambarus jezerinaci Thoma, 2000. It differs nevertheless from C. jezerinaci most consistently in the tuberculation of the opposable margins of the propodus. The new species possesses five or six tubercles and C. jezerinaci has four. Cambarus intermontanusn. sp. and C. jezerinaci differ from C. parvoculus Hobbs & Shoup, 1947 and C. distans Rhoades, 1944 in the thickness of the rostral margins and a more truncate rostral tip. The gonopod of C. jezerinaci has a central projection that is normally shorter than the mesial process, whereas that of C. intermontanusn. sp. is longer than the mesial process, C. distans is much shorter, and C. parvoculus is generally equal in length. The new species is genetically distinct from C. jezerinaci, C. magerae Thoma & Fetzner 2015, C. distans, and C. parvoculus differing by a 4–5% sequence divergence on average. Cambarus intermontanusn. sp. was found to be sister to a clade containing C. parvoculus, C. jezerinaci, and C. magerae.
An Improved Reptile Search Algorithm with Ghost Opposition-based Learning for Global Optimization Problems
Authors: Jia Heming , Lu Chenghao , Wu Di , Wen Changsheng , Rao Honghua , Abualigah Laith 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In 2021, a meta-heuristic algorithm, Reptile Search Algorithm (RSA), was proposed. RSA mainly simulates the cooperative predatory behavior of crocodiles. Although RSA has a fast convergence speed, due to the influence of the crocodile predation mechanism, if the algorithm falls into the local optimum in the early stage, RSA will probably be unable to jump out of the local optimum, resulting in a poor comprehensive performance. Because of the shortcomings of RSA, introducing the local escape operator can effectively improve crocodiles' ability to explore space and generate new crocodiles to replace poor crocodiles. Benefiting from adding a restart strategy, when the optimal solution of RSA is no longer updated, the algorithm’s ability to jump out of the local optimum is effectively improved by randomly initializing the crocodile. Then joining Ghost opposition-based learning to balance the IRSA’s exploitation and exploration, the Improved RSA with Ghost Opposition-based Learning for the Global Optimization Problem (IRSA) is proposed. To verify the performance of IRSA, we used nine famous optimization algorithms to compare with IRSA in 23 standard benchmark functions and CEC2020 test functions. The experiments show that IRSA has good optimization performance and robustness, and can effectively solve six classical engineering problems, thus proving its effectiveness in solving practical problems.
Hyperparameters optimization of convolutional neural network based on local autonomous competition harmony search algorithm
Authors: Liu Dongmei , Ouyang Haibin , Li Steven , Zhang Chunliang , Zhan Zhi-Hui 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Because of the good performance of convolutional neural network (CNN), it has been extensively used in many fields, such as image, speech, text, etc. However, it is easily affected by hyperparameters. How to effectively configure hyperparameters at a reasonable time to improve the performance of CNNs has always been a complex problem. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a method to automatically optimize CNN hyperparameters based on the local autonomous competitive harmony search (LACHS) algorithm. To avoid the influence of complicated parameter adjustment of LACHS algorithm on its performance, a parameter dynamic adjustment strategy is adopted, which makes the pitch adjustment probability PAR and step factor BW dynamically adjust according to the actual situation. To strengthen the fine search of neighborhood space and reduce the possibility of falling into local optima for a long time, an autonomous decision-making search strategy based on the optimal state is designed. To help the algorithm jump out of the local fitting situation, this paper proposes a local competition mechanism to make the new sound competes with the worst harmonic progression of local selection. In addition, an evaluation function is proposed, which integrates the training times and recognition accuracy. To achieve the purpose of saving the calculation cost without affecting the search result, it makes the training time for each model depending on the learning rate and batch size. In order to prove the feasibility of LACHS algorithm in configuring CNN superparameters, the classification of the Fashion-MNIST dataset and CIFAR10 dataset is tested. The comparison is made between CNN based on empirical configuration and CNN based on classical algorithms to optimize hyperparameters automatically. The results show that the performance of CNN based on the LACHS algorithm has been improved effectively, so this algorithm has certain advantages in hyperparametric optimization. In addition, this paper applies the LACHS algorithm to expression recognition. Experiments show that the performance of CNN optimized based on the LACHS algorithm is better than that of the same type of artificially designed CNN. Therefore, the method proposed in this paper is feasible in practical application.
Three-dimensional P-wave model of the shallow crustal structure, a complementary method for detecting a trapped hydrocarbon: a case study in the DehDasht region, SW Iran
Authors: Shirzad Taghi , Shakeri Nastaran , Kakhki Mohsen Kazemnia , Norouzi Siavash , AbdollahieFard Iraj 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Local P-wave tomography is an efficient method to study geologically complex areas where the seismic exploration methods are not ideal for unraveling the shallow crustal heterogeneity due to the great thickness of evaporitic deposits. Despite the complex geological features in the salt-rich DehDasht region, SW Iran, we used &gt;11 000 micro-earthquake events, which have been recorded by a temporary seismic network (deployed between 18 October 2016 and 1 July 2017), to derive the three-dimensional velocity structure based on the first arrival time. We selected a subset of events (1571 micro-earthquakes) by various strict criteria for our processing, and then the 1D velocity model was calculated by the computer program VELEST. Afterward, the 3D initial model of the inversion procedure with 1.5-km horizontal and 1-km deep intervals was parametrized using the calculated 1D model. Finally, the observed data (first arrival P-wave traveltimes and events locations) was inverted with an optimum regularization parameter and iteration using the computer program SIMULPS14. Our tomographic results indicate the DehDasht Basin as a relatively low-velocity zone filled out dominantly by the Gachsaran Formation and surrounded by the high-velocity Asmari-Pabdeh-Sarvak Formations. The basin has a bowl shape that is elongated in the NW–SE direction or an oval on a horizontal view. The depth of the basin varies between 3 and 5 km and contains many folding-faulting systems, which lead to locally low-velocity patches. Moreover, some evaporate deposits, which are overlying the Gachsaran Formation, emerge as a thin low-velocity layer (e.g. Aghajari, etc.).
Comprehensive review of undifferentiated carcinoma of the pancreas: from epidemiology to treatment
Authors: Imaoka Hiroshi , Ikeda Masafumi , Umemoto Kumiko , Sunakawa Yu , Ueno Makoto , Ueno Hideki , Ozaka Masato , Kuwahara Takamichi , Okano Naohiro , Kanai Masashi , Hisano Terumasa , Suzuki Yuko , Asagi Akinori , Shioji Kazuhiko , Todaka Akiko , Tsuji Kunihiro , Ikezawa Kenji , Miki Ikuya , Komatsu Yoshito , Akutsu Noriyuki , Yamashita Tatsuya , Okuyama Hiroyuki , Furuse Junji , Nagano Hiroaki 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Undifferentiated carcinoma (UC) of the pancreas is a rare subtype of pancreatic cancer displaying no definitive direction of differentiation. UC has been reported as a highly aggressive malignant neoplasm, with a median overall survival of &lt;1 year, except for several surgical series. On the other hand, UC tissue sometimes contains non-neoplastic osteoclast-like giant cells (OGCs), and such cases have been reported to have relatively longer survival. Thus, the World Health Organization (WHO) classification histologically distinguishes UC with OGCs (UCOGCs) from UC, and UCs were subclassified into three subtypes: anaplastic UC, sarcomatoid UC and carcinosarcoma. However, still less is known about UC due to its rarity, and such situations lead to further difficulties in treatment for UC. To date, only surgical resection can offer curative treatment for patients with UC, and no clear evidence for chemotherapy exists for them. However, a retrospective cohort study and case reports showed that relatively promising results paclitaxel-containing regimens for treatment of patients with unresectable UC. Furthermore, high programmed cell death protein 1 expression has been reported in sarcomatoid UCs and UCOGCs, and promising responses to anti-programmed death-ligand 1 therapy have been described in case reports of UCOGCs. Recent advances in chemotherapeutic agents and molecular technologies are opening up the possibilities for expanded treatments.
Targeted gene panel provides advantages over whole-exome sequencing for diagnosing obesity and diabetes mellitus
Authors: Yu Hairong , Yu Haoyong , Zhang Rong , Peng Danfeng , Yan Dandan , Gu Yunjuan , Bao Yuqian , Jia Weiping , Zhang Hong , Hu Cheng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A small fraction of patients diagnosed with obesity or diabetes mellitus has an underlying monogenic cause. Here, we constructed a targeted gene panel consisting of 83 genes reported to be causative for monogenic obesity or diabetes. We performed this panel in 481 patients to detect causative variants and compared these results with whole-exome sequencing (WES) data available for 146 of these patients. The coverage of targeted gene panel sequencing was significantly higher than that of WES. The diagnostic yield in patients sequenced by the panel was 32.9% with subsequent WES leading to three additional diagnoses with two novel genes. In total, 178 variants in 83 genes were detected in 146 patients by targeted sequencing. Three of the 178 variants were missed by WES, although the WES-only approach had a similar diagnostic yield. For the 335 samples only receiving targeted sequencing, the diagnostic yield was 32.2%. In conclusion, taking into account the lower costs, shorter turnaround time, and higher quality of data, targeted sequencing is a more effective screening method for monogenic obesity and diabetes compared to WES. Therefore, this approach could be routinely established and used as a first-tier test in clinical practice for specific patients.