bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoinduced properties of anodized Ti alloys for biomaterial applications
Authors: Masahashi N. , Hatakeyama M. , Mori Y. , Kurishima H. , Inoue H. , Mokudai T. , Ohmura K. , Aizawa T. , Hanada S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe photocatalytic properties of anodic oxides on a newly developed TiNbSn and commonly used Ti6Al4V alloys as biomaterials were investigated. The alloys were anodized in an electrolyte of sodium tartrate acid with H2O2at a high voltage and the mechanism of the photocatalytic and antiviral activities was studied. The anodized TiNbSn and Ti6Al4V exhibited highly crystallized rutile TiO2and poorly crystallized anatase TiO2, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed the presence of oxides of the alloying elements in addition to TiO2. The anodized TiNbSn exhibited higher activities than Ti6Al4V, and electron spin resonance spectra indicated that the number of hydroxyl radicals (⋅OH) generated from the anodized TiNbSn was higher than that from the anodized Ti6Al4V. The results can be explained by two possible mechanisms: the higher crystallinity of TiO2on TiNbSn than that on the Ti6Al4V reduces the number of charge recombination sites and generates abundant ⋅OH; charge separation in the anodic oxide on TiNbSn due to the electronic band structure between TiO2and the oxides of alloying elements enhances photo activities. The excellent photoinduced characteristics of the anodized TiNbSn are expected to contribute to the safe and reliable implant treatment.
Serum NT-proBNP level for predicting functional outcomes after acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Srisujikul Phattheera , Thiankhaw Kitti , Tanprawate Surat , Soontornpun Atiwat , Wantaneeyawong Chayasak , Teekaput Chutithep , Sirimaharaj Nopdanai , Nudsasarn Angkana 
Published: August 2023

AbstractN-terminus pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) has been studied and recognized as a biomarker of cardiac thrombogenicity and stroke risk. However, the association between NT-proBNP and functional outcomes following acute ischemic stroke is still debated. This study aimed to investigate whether serum NT-proBNP level is associated with functional outcomes in acute ischemic stroke individuals. This prospective cohort study included patients diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke, and serum NT-proBNP levels were measured within 72 h. At 3 months, all patients were followed up for a modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association of NT-proBNP on the primary outcome, in which a score of 3–6 was classified as an unfavorable functional outcome. Sixty-seven patients were enrolled in the study, and 23 (34.3%) patients were identified with an unfavorable functional outcome. Elevated serum NT-proBNP levels (> 100 pg/mL) were observed in 57 (85.1%) patients, and the Youden index demonstrated a cutpoint estimation of poor outcomes at 476 pg/mL with 74% sensitivity and 63% specificity. Multivariate regression analysis showed an elevation of NT-proBNP above the cutpoint level was an independent predictor for unfavorable functional outcomes, odds ratio 3.77, 95% confidence interval (1.04–13.62), P = 0.04. The present study demonstrated that elevated serum NT-proBNP levels were expected among acute ischemic stroke patients and represented the risk of unfavorable functional outcomes, suggesting that NT-proBNP might be a useful biomarker for predicting prognosis after ischemic stroke.
Assessment of novel antiviral filter using pseudo-type SARS-CoV-2 virus in fast air velocity vertical-type wind tunnel
Authors: Sung Johnny Chun-Chau , Wu Pak-Long , So Ellis Yung-Mau , Wu Kam-Chau , Chan Sidney Man-Ngai , Kwong Keith Wai-Yeung , Sze Eric Tung-Po 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCurrent evidence suggests that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can remain suspended spread in aerosols for longer period of time under poorly ventilated indoor setting. To minimize spreading, application of antiviral filter to capture infectious aerosols and to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 can be a promising solution. This study aimed to develop a method to assess simultaneously the filtration and removal efficiency of aerosolized pseudo-type SARS-CoV-2 using a vertical-type wind tunnel with relatively high face velocity (1.3 m/s). Comparing with the untreated spunlace non-woven filter, the C-POLAR™ treated filter increased the filtration efficiency from 74.2 ± 11.5% to 97.2 ± 1.7%, with the removal efficiency of 99.4 ± 0.051%. The results provided not only solid evidence to support the effectiveness of the cationic polymeric coated filter in fighting against the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, but also a method to test viral filtration and removal efficiency under relative fast air velocity and with a safer environment to the operators.
Periodic liquid crystalline waveguiding microstructures
Authors: Ertman Sławomir , Orzechowski Kamil , Rutkowska Katarzyna , Kołodyńska Oliwia , Różycka Julia , Ignaciuk Adam , Wasilewska Natalia , Osuch Tomasz , Woliński Tomasz R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDifferent methods allowing for creating optical waveguides with liquid–crystal (LC) cores, in which molecules form periodic patterns with precisely controlled periods, are reported. The first one is based on reversible photoalignment with high-resolution selective illumination and allows to control the period of LC molecules inside silica microcapillaries. The second method employs microstructures formed in PDMS, allowing to obtain both: LC-core waveguides and a set of specially designed periodic microelectrodes used for the periodic reorientation of molecules. Using both methods, we successfully controlled the period of the patterned alignment in the range from about 500 µm and scaled it down to as small as 20 µm. We performed experimental studies on waveguiding phenomenon in such structures, in view to obtain transmission spectra typical to optical fiber gratings. Since the results achieved in experimental conditions differed from those expected, the additional numerical simulations were performed to explain the observed effects. Finally, we obtained the waveguiding in a blue phase LC, characterized by naturally created three-dimensional periodicity with periods smaller than one micrometer. In such a structure, we were able to observe first-order bandgap, and moreover, we were able to tune it thermally in nearly the whole visible spectral range.
Sex differences in airway volume and 3-dimensional shape in Japanese adults
Authors: Tanikawa Chihiro , Oka Ayaka , Shiraishi Yuki , Yamashiro Takashi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract(1) To establish normative data for three-dimensional (3D) measurements of the upper airway in young Japanese adults, and (2) to investigate sex-related differences in linear and volumetric measurements, as well as shape. This study employed cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 56 Japanese young adults preselected from among 1000 patients, so that samples matched a historic 2D cephalometric cohort with normal occlusion using propensity score matching. Three-dimensional models of the oropharynx and hypopharynx were reconstructed from CBCT images and their volumes were calculated. We defined 20 landmarks on the surface of the 3D model and performed seven linear measurements between them. The mean and standard deviation of the linear measurements were calculated as the normative data for each sex as well as the volumes. Sex-related differences were analyzed using t-test (p < 0.05). Principal component discriminant analysis of the coordinate values of the landmarks was also performed to examine sex differences in shape. The normative ranges of the 3D measurements of the oropharynx and hypopharynx were determined according to sex. Sex-related differences in the measurement results were observed in hypopharyngeal length but not in volume. The hypopharynx length in males was significantly longer than that in females. The discriminant analysis showed that males tended to show longer and straight shapes, while females showed inversed triangular shapes from the frontal view. This result will allow clinicians to evaluate how patient airway characteristics differ from the normative 3D morphology of the upper airway.
A nationwide cohort study on incidence and mortality associated with extracranial vascular malformations
Authors: Ryu Jeong Yeop , Chang Yong June , Lee Joon Seok , Choi Kang Young , Yang Jung Dug , Lee Seok-Jong , Lee Jongmin , Huh Seung , Kim Ji Yoon , Chung Ho Yun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractExtracranial vascular malformations are abnormal formations of blood vessels located outside the brain (extracranial) that develop during fetal development. They are caused by errors in the formation of blood vessels in the embryo and can affect various parts of the body, such as the head, neck, face, and other regions. Some malformations may be asymptomatic and only require monitoring, while others may cause significant health issues or cosmetic concerns and may need medical intervention. There are very few studies have investigated the nationwide incidence and quantitative mortality of vascular malformations in terms of their subtypes. Thus, this study aimed to determine the nationwide incidence and mortality associated with vascular malformations. This nationwide population-based study evaluated 70,517 patients with vascular malformations from 2008 to 2021. We evaluated the incidence and mortality associated with each subtype of vascular malformation. Furthermore, Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between vascular malformation and mortality. The annual incidence (per 100,000 population) of overall vascular, venous, capillary, arteriovenous, and lymphatic malformations was 9.85, 1.48, 2.31, 0.24, and 5.82 cases, respectively. Patients with vascular malformations, except those with venous malformations, had higher mortality than the matched controls. Moreover, among the vascular malformation subgroups, the adjusted hazard ratio of mortality was the highest for arteriovenous malformations. This study revealed that the overall annual incidence of vascular malformations was 9.85 cases per 100,000 population in Korea from 2008 to 2021. The mortality of the matched general population was lower than that of patients with vascular malformations, except for those with venous malformations. Additionally, the adjusted hazard ratio for mortality associated with arteriovenous malformations was the highest among the vascular malformation subgroups.
Implementing Strengths-Based Dialogue to Reframe Clinical Education and Community Engagement
Authors: Mills Monique T. , Balz Magdalen , Price Daniel 
Published: August 2023

Purpose:
Health care professionals want to solve problems. When health disparities are observed, the solution often rests on expanding access to clinical services. However, what are the varied paths that persons with communication disorders might take to access speech, language, and hearing care? Where are these paths successful and where does a well-intended initiative have an absent or limited effect in altering disparities? Multiple, complex factors affect access to health care in underserved communities. However, current practice tends to frame the goals and metrics of outreach programs in terms of access to health care services, which risks privileging the perspective of the providers who want to increase the volume of services accessed over the voices of the community members for whom access to health care is only part of the larger course of their lives. Solutions that do not reflect those community strengths outside the service provision framework likely yield minimal impact on quality of life, since the community members are less likely to fully embrace the solution.

Method:
In this clinical focus, we describe a community-informed strengths-based framework for clinicians and clinical researchers whose work is designed to reach underserved communities by employing mutual trust, empathy, active listening, and patient-centered care planning. Through case scenarios, we exemplify key tenets of the framework.

Conclusions:
The community-informed strengths-based framework detailed in this clinical focus supports a paradigm shift from a biomedically-informed strengths-based framework to a model of health care service provision that focuses on individual or community strengths. Eliciting guidance from those receiving care and framing the totality of encounters in terms of the process of responding to community strengths can build a collaborative and sustainable path forward toward achieving health goals.
An efficient integrated model for diesel‐engine three stage brushless synchronous generator
Authors: Ahmadi Alireza , Shahnazari Mostafa , Vaziri Sarashk Mohammad Ebrahim 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBrushless power generation sets are a technology of choice for on‐board power generation in aerospace and marine applications, emergency and backup power systems, etc. Efficient modelling of these systems is necessary for various purposes such as design, analysis, control and specially condition monitoring. An accurate and efficient model of a diesel‐engine generator‐rectifier system consisting of a three stage brushless synchronous generator is presented. The constant parameter voltage‐behind‐reactance model of the pilot exciter (PE), main exciter (ME) and main generator are derived and integrated to form a unified model suitable for efficient simulation of a diesel‐engine brushless generation system. Simulation studies are carried out in MATLAB using PLECS toolbox and the results are compared to experimental results to verify the performance of the proposed integrated model.
Behaviour and mechanisms of molecular vibrations induced by a pulsed voltage in a silicone elastomer used for device encapsulation
Authors: Wei Junyu , He Dongxin , Gao Teng , Zhu Lin , Wang Haochen , Li Qingquan , Teyssedre Gilbert 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSilicone elastomers are widely used to encapsulate power electronic devices. However, such devices may be subjected to square‐wave pulsed voltages with a high rate of change, which can create significant challenges for encapsulation insulation. In this article, the molecular vibration of silicon elastomer at the edge of pulsed electric field is studied. Firstly, the relationship between the intensity of molecular vibration and the parameters of pulsed electric field is explored. The experimental results show that the amplitude of the vibrations decreases as the pulse‐edge time increases, and it increases linearly as the pulse‐edge slope increases. Furthermore, the amplitude of the vibrations is proportional to the square of the amplitude of the pulsed electric field, and it increases as the space charge density increases. Then, the force analysis of charged molecule at the pulse edges is calculated, and the theoretical change law of molecular vibration intensity with pulse edge slope is deduced. Comparing the theoretical results with the experimental results, it is found that they are highly consistent. Finally, electrically induced mechanical stress caused by molecular vibration was shown to be an important factor in insulation failure.
KH550‐SiO2/polyimide insulating paper preparation and characterisation
Authors: Chi Minghe , Sun Xue , Zhang Xiaorui , Shi Jiahao , Weng Ling , Yu Yang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOil‐paper insulation material is an essential component for oil‐filled transformers, and polyimide (PI) insulation paper is a novel material in the field of electricity. The improvement of insulation class for insulation paper has gained significant attention in recent years. In this study, SiO2 nanoparticles were modified with a silane coupling agent (KH550), and the KH550‐SiO2 was added to the fibre membrane through in situ polymerisation. The chemical composition and microcosmic characteristics of the PI porous fibre membrane were characterised using FT‐IR and SEM FT‐IR and SEM. Consequently, the dielectric constant of the composite paper was reduced to 2.3 upon adding 3 wt% of KH550‐SiO2, and the dielectric strength reached its maximum value of 85 kV/mm. The results demonstrate that the insulation performance of the KH550‐SiO2/PI composite was significantly improved due to the incorporation of nano‐SiO2. This establishes an efficient approach for achieving excellent electrical and thermal properties in practical applications using the KH550‐SiO2/PI fibre membrane.
Market‐clearing framework of a resilient microgrid with renewable energy considering emission reduction targets
Authors: Fu Xueqian , Guo Chen , Yang Kaitao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWith the gradual attention of global climate change, a series of carbon emission plans have been formally implemented in the field of energy. There is a consistent relationship between the carbon market and the electricity market in promoting clean energy development and improving carbon dioxide emission reduction targets. The market design of a low‐carbon power system should be considered as a whole to promote the coordinated development of carbon and power markets. Taking an industrial park in China as the research object, an internal market trading model of an industrial park considering carbon dioxide emission reduction targets is proposed. The proposed trading mechanism considers both carbon dioxide emission reduction targets and social welfare maximization. The proposed market trading model connects day‐ahead and intraday electricity markets, which deal with uncertainty about renewable energy sources.
Automatic defect identification of PV panels with IR images through unmanned aircraft
Authors: Tang Cheng , Ren Hui , Xia Jing , Wang Fei , Lu Jinling 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn order to improve the reliability and performance of photovoltaic systems, a fault diagnosis method for photovoltaic modules based on infrared images and improved MobileNet‐V3 is proposed. Firstly, the defect images of open‐source photovoltaic modules and their existing problems are analysed; based on the existing problems, image enhancement and data enhancement are performed on the infrared defect images of photovoltaic modules, so that the infrared images meet the requirements of image availability and sample quantity. Finally, the basic MobileNet‐V3 network is improved to realize fault classification of photovoltaic modules. The experimental results show that, compared with the traditional CNN and the basic MobileNet V3, the proposed fault classification method not only has high accuracy and fast diagnosis speed, but also has a high recognition rate for various fault categories, which has good practicability and application value.
Effects of accretion on the structure and rotation of forming stars
Authors: Amard L. , Matt S. P. 
Published: August 2023

Context. Rotation period measurements of low-mass stars show that the spin distributions in young clusters do not exhibit the spin-up expected due to contraction in the phase when a large fraction of stars is still surrounded by accretion discs. Many physical models have been developed to explain this feature based on different types of star-disc interactions alone. In this phase, the stars accrete mass and angular momentum and may experience accretion-enhanced magnetised winds. The stellar structure and angular momentum content thus strongly depend on the properties of the accretion mechanism. At the same time, the accretion of mass and energy has a significant impact on the evolution of the stellar structure and the moment of inertia. Our understanding of the spin rates of young stars therefore requires a description of how accretion affects the stellar structure and angular momentum simultaneously.
Aims. We aim to understand the role of accretion to explain the observed rotation-rate distributions of forming stars.
Methods. We computed evolution models of accreting very young stars and determined in a self-consistent way the effect of accretion on stellar structure and the angular momentum exchanges between the stars and their disc. We then varied the deuterium content, the accretion history, the entropy content of the accreted material, and the magnetic field as well as the efficiency of the accretion-enhanced winds.
Results. The models are driven alternatively both by the evolution of the momentum of inertia and by the star-disc interaction torques. Of all the parameters we tested, the magnetic field strength, the accretion history, and the deuterium content have the largest impact. The injection of heat plays a major role only early in the evolution.
Conclusions. This work demonstrates the importance of the moment of inertia evolution under the influence of accretion for explaining the constant rotation-rate distributions that are observed during the star-disc interactions. When we account for rotation, the models computed with the recently calculated torque along with a consistent structural evolution of the accreting star are able to explain the almost constant spin evolution for the whole range of parameters we investigated, but it only reproduces a narrow range around the median of the observed spin rate distributions. Further development, including for example more realistic accretion histories based on dedicated disc simulations, are likely needed to reproduce the extremes of the spin rate distributions.