bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Distributed-GPU Deep Reinforcement Learning System for Solving Large Graph Optimization Problems
Authors: Zheng Weijian , Wang Dali , Song Fengguang 
Published: March 2023

Graph optimization problems (such as minimum vertex cover, maximum cut, traveling salesman problems) appear in many fields including social sciences, power systems, chemistry, and bioinformatics. Recently, deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has shown success in automatically learning good heuristics to solve graph optimization problems. However, the existing RL systems either do not support graph RL environments or do not support multiple or many GPUs in a distributed setting. This has compromised the ability of reinforcement learning in solving large-scale graph optimization problems due to lack of parallelization and high scalability. To address the challenges of parallelization and scalability, we develop
RL4GO
, a high-performance distributed-GPU DRL framework for solving graph optimization problems. RL4GO focuses on a class of computationally demanding RL problems, where both the RL environment and policy model are highly computation intensive. Traditional reinforcement learning systems often assume either the RL environment is of low time complexity or the policy model is small.

In this work, we distribute large-scale graphs across distributed GPUs and use the spatial parallelism and data parallelism to achieve scalable performance. We compare and analyze the performance of the spatial parallelism and data parallelism and show their differences. To support graph neural network (GNN) layers that take as input data samples partitioned across distributed GPUs, we design parallel mathematical kernels to perform operations on distributed 3D sparse and 3D dense tensors. To handle costly RL environments, we design a parallel graph environment to scale up all RL-environment-related operations. By combining the scalable GNN layers with the scalable RL environment, we are able to develop high-performance RL4GO training and inference algorithms in parallel. Furthermore, we propose two optimization techniques—replay buffer on-the-fly graph generation and adaptive multiple-node selection—to minimize the spatial cost and accelerate reinforcement learning. This work also conducts in-depth analyses of parallel efficiency and memory cost and shows that the designed RL4GO algorithms are scalable on numerous distributed GPUs. Evaluations on large-scale graphs show that (1) RL4GO training and inference can achieve good parallel efficiency on 192 GPUs, (2) its training time can be 18 times faster than the state-of-the-art Gorila distributed RL framework [
34
], and (3) its inference performance achieves a 26 times improvement over Gorila.
Сучасні погляди на процеси остеоінтеграції дентальних імплантатів у хворих на системний остеопороз
Authors: Даценко М. А. 
Published: March 2023

Резюме. Якісна та кількісна оцінка кісткової тканини щелеп необхідна в усіх розділах стоматології – від пародонтології до ендодонтії та протезування, але особливо важлива у дентальній імплантології. Результати аналізу літератури з питань протезування із використанням різних систем імплантатів показують, що стан кісткової тканини істотно впливає на термін користування зубними протезами. Разом з тим, питання остеоінтеграції при остеопорозі залишаються маловивченими.
Мета дослідження – проаналізувати дані наукових літературних джерел стосовно проблеми остеоінтеграції дентальних імплантатів у хворих на системний остеопороз.
Матеріали і методи. Застосовано бібліосемантичний метод для з’ясування стану проблеми, вивчення аналізу результатів поперед­ніх наукових досліджень на основі джерел літератури та електронних ресурсів.
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. У літературі наводяться окремі клінічні спостереження успішного застосування зубних імплантатів у пацієнтів, які страждають від системного остеопорозу. Є повідомлення про успішну імплантацію у глюкокортикоїднозалежних пацієнтів, а також в осіб, які страждають від остеопорозу в поєднанні з хронічним поліартритом. Результати багатовекторних досліджень показали, що у пацієнтів з ознаками системного остеопорозу (знижена мінеральна щільність кісткової тканини поперекового відділу хребта та стегнової кістки) та остеопоротичними проявами у структурі альвеолярної кістки, імплантати успішно функціонували протягом багатьох років. Ряд авторів спостерігав відторгнення лише одного імплантата, що, на думку авторів, відповідає літературним даним, та не може бути приписано системному остеопорозу.
Висновки. Проблема підвищення ефективності застосування дентальних імплантатів у пацієнтів із системним остеопорозом залишається дуже актуальною та суттєвою для клінічної практики. Затребуваність дентальної імплантації серед населення України висока, проте найчастіше лікарі змушені відмовляти пацієнтам із остеопорозом в імплантації через високий відсоток невдалих наслідків.
Complications of Intravenous Tenecteplase Versus Alteplase for the Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Rose Deborah , Cavalier Annie , Kam Wayneho , Cantrell Sarah , Lusk Jay , Schrag Matthew , Yaghi Shadi , Stretz Christoph , de Havenon Adam , Saldanha Ian J. , Wu Teddy Y. , Ranta Anna , Barber P. Alan , Marriott Elizabeth , Feng Wayne , Kosinski Andrzej S. , Laskowitz Daniel , Poli Sven , Mac Grory Brian 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Prior systematic reviews have compared the efficacy of intravenous tenecteplase and alteplase in acute ischemic stroke, assigning their relative complications as a secondary objective. The objective of the present study is to determine whether the risk of treatment complications differs between patients treated with either agent.

Methods:

We performed a systematic review including interventional studies and prospective and retrospective, observational studies enrolling adult patients treated with intravenous tenecteplase for ischemic stroke (both comparative and noncomparative with alteplase). We searched MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and the
www.ClinicalTrials.gov
registry from inception through June 3, 2022. The primary outcome was symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, and secondary outcomes included any intracranial hemorrhage, angioedema, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, other extracranial hemorrhage, and mortality. We performed random effects meta-analyses where appropriate. Evidence was synthesized as relative risks, comparing risks in patients exposed to tenecteplase versus alteplase and absolute risks in patients treated with tenecteplase.

Results:

Of 2226 records identified, 25 full-text articles (reporting 26 studies of 7913 patients) were included. Sixteen studies included alteplase as a comparator, and 10 were noncomparative. The relative risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage in patients treated with tenecteplase compared with alteplase in the 16 comparative studies was 0.89 ([95% CI, 0.65–1.23]; I
2
=0%). Among patients treated with low dose (<0.2 mg/kg; 4 studies), medium dose (0.2–0.39 mg/kg; 13 studies), and high dose (≥0.4 mg/kg; 3 studies) tenecteplase, the RRs of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage were 0.78 ([95% CI, 0.22–2.82]; I
2
=0%), 0.77 ([95% CI, 0.53–1.14]; I
2
=0%), and 2.31 ([95% CI, 0.69–7.75]; I
2
=40%), respectively. The pooled risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage in tenecteplase-treated patients, including comparative and noncomparative studies, was 0.99% ([95% CI, 0%–3.49%]; I
2
=0%, 7 studies), 1.69% ([95% CI, 1.14%–2.32%]; I
2
=1%, 23 studies), and 4.19% ([95% CI, 1.92%–7.11%]; I
2
=52%, 5 studies) within the low-, medium-, and high-dose groups. The risks of any intracranial hemorrhage, mortality, and other studied outcomes were comparable between the 2 agents.

Conclusions:
Across medium- and low-dose tiers, the risks of complications were generally comparable between those treated with tenecteplase versus alteplase for acute ischemic stroke.
Changes in Extreme Temperature and Precipitation over the Southern Extratropical Continents in Response to Antarctic Sea Ice Loss
Authors: Zhu Zhu , Liu Jiping , Song Mirong , Hu Yongyun 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Current climate models project that Antarctic sea ice will decrease by the end of the twenty-first century. Previous studies have suggested that Antarctic sea ice changes have impacts on atmospheric circulation and the mean state of the Southern Hemisphere. However, little is known about whether Antarctic sea ice loss may have a tangible impact on climate extremes over the southern continents and whether ocean–atmosphere coupling plays an important role in changes of climate extremes over the southern continents. In this study, we conduct a set of fully coupled and atmosphere-only model experiments forced by present and future Antarctic sea ice cover. It is found that the projected Antarctic sea ice loss by the end of the twenty-first century leads to an increase in the frequency and duration of warm extremes (especially warm nights) over the southern continents and a decrease in cold extremes over most regions. The frequency and duration of wet extremes are projected to increase over South America and Antarctica, whereas changes in dry days and the longest dry spell vary with regions. Further Antarctic sea ice loss under a quadrupling of CO2 leads to similar but larger changes. Comparison between the coupled and atmosphere-only model experiments suggests that ocean dynamics and their interactions with the atmosphere induced by Antarctic sea ice loss play a key role in driving the identified changes in temperature and precipitation extremes over southern continents. By comparing with global warming experiments, we find that Antarctic sea ice loss may affect temperature and precipitation extremes for some regions under greenhouse warming, especially Antarctica.
Origin and Evolution of Synoptic-Scale Vortices Initiated at Low Level Downwind of the Hoggar Mountains
Authors: Duvel Jean-Philippe 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Numerous low-level vortices are initiated downwind of the Hoggar Mountains and progress toward the Atlantic coast on the northern path of African easterly waves (AEWs). These vortices occur mostly in July and August and more specifically when the northern position of the Saharan heat low (SHL) generates stronger and vertically expanded easterly winds over the Hoggar Mountains. At synoptic time scales, a composite analysis reveals that vortex initiation and westward motion are also statistically triggered by a reinforcement of these easterly winds by a wide and persistent high pressure anomaly developing around the Strait of Gibraltar and by a weak wave trough approaching from the east. The vortices are generated in the lee of the Hoggar, about 1000 km west of this approaching trough, and intensify rapidly. The evolution of the vortex perturbation is afterward comparable with the known evolution of the AEWs of the northern path and suggest a growth due to dry barotropic and baroclinic processes induced in particular by the strong cyclonic shear between the reinforced easterly winds and the monsoon flow. These results show that vortex genesis promoted by changes in orographic forcing due to the strengthening of easterly winds over the Hoggar Mountains is a source of intensification of the northern path of AEWs in July and August. These results also provide a possible mechanism to explain the role of the SHL and of particular midlatitude intraseasonal disturbances on the intensity of these waves.
A Systematic Assessment of the Overall Dropsonde Impact during the 2017–20 Hurricane Seasons Using the Basin-Scale HWRF
Authors: Ditchek Sarah D. , Sippel Jason A. , Alaka Ghassan J. , Goldenberg Stanley B. , Cucurull Lidia 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This study comprehensively assesses the overall impact of dropsondes on tropical cyclone (TC) forecasts. We compare two experiments to quantify dropsonde impact: one that assimilated and another that denied dropsonde observations. These experiments used a basin-scale, multistorm configuration of the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting Model (HWRF) and covered active North Atlantic basin periods during the 2017–20 hurricane seasons. The importance of a sufficiently large sample size as well as thoroughly understanding the error distribution by stratifying results are highlighted by this work. Overall, dropsondes directly improved forecasts during sampled periods and indirectly impacted forecasts during unsampled periods. Benefits for forecasts of track, intensity, and outer wind radii were more pronounced during sampled periods. The forecast improvements of outer wind radii were most notable given the impact that TC size has on TC-hazards forecasts. Additionally, robustly observing the inner- and near-core region was necessary for hurricane-force wind radii forecasts. Yet, these benefits were heavily dependent on the data assimilation (DA) system quality. More specifically, dropsondes only improved forecasts when the analysis used mesoscale error covariance derived from a cycled HWRF ensemble, suggesting that it is a vital DA component. Further, while forecast improvements were found regardless of initial classification and in steady-state TCs, TCs undergoing an intensity change had diminished benefits. The diminished benefits during intensity change probably reflect continued DA deficiencies. Thus, improving DA system quality and observing system limitations would likely enhance dropsonde impacts.

Significance Statement
This study uses a regional hurricane model to conduct the most comprehensive assessment of the impact of dropsondes on tropical cyclone (TC) forecasts to date. The main finding is that dropsondes can improve many aspects of TC forecasts if their data are assimilated with sufficiently advanced assimilation techniques. Particularly notable is the impact of dropsondes on TC outer-wind-radii forecasts, since improving those forecasts leads to more effective TC-hazard forecasts.
Public trust in the Chinese government and life satisfaction during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Cai Qimeng 
Published: March 2023

It is important to understand the public’s trust in the government’s ability to handle crisis events. Based on China Family Panel Studies data in 2018 and 2020, this paper explores the interaction between government trust and life satisfaction during the pandemic. It is found that with the increase in public trust in government officials, individual life satisfaction has been significantly improved. The main mechanism is that government trust enhances people’s confidence in the future and promotes the government’s investment in the livelihood fields. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, individual life satisfaction suffered a negative impact. Individuals with high trust in the government before the pandemic had a small decrease in life satisfaction. At the same time, when faced with the pandemic, individuals were more willing to trust the government due to the desire to overcome common threats, which will alleviate the negative impact of the pandemic on individual life satisfaction. The research reported in this paper helps to explain the role of government in the crisis period from the perspective of public trust and provides useful information for the government to formulate and adjust policies to mitigate the impact of the crisis events. Points for practitioners In China, trust in local governments is related to public satisfaction. People are more willing to increase trust in the government to overcome a common crisis, thus reducing the negative impact of the crisis on individual life satisfaction. Perhaps more important is to promote the public service motivation of government officials through government trust. Providing public services, increasing accountability and transparency in society, and increasing citizen engagement are all effective ways to foster institutional trust.
Context Matters: Emotional Sensitivity to Probabilities and the Bias for Action in Cancer Treatment Decisions
Authors: Lacey Heather P. , Lacey Steven C. , Dayal Prerna , Forest Caroline , Blasi Dana 
Published: March 2023

Background Past studies have shown a commission bias for cancer treatment, a tendency to choose active treatment even when watchful waiting is less risky. This bias suggests motivations for action beyond mortality statistics, but recent evidence suggests that individuals differ in their emotional sensitivity to probabilities (ESP), the tendency to calibrate emotional reactions to probability. The current study aims to examine the role of ESP in the commission bias, specifically whether those higher in ESP are more likely to choose watchful waiting when risk probabilities align with that choice. Methods Participants ( N = 1,055) read a scenario describing a hypothetical cancer diagnosis and chose between surgery and watchful waiting, with random assignment between versions where the mortality rate was either lower for surgery or for watchful waiting. We modeled choice using the Possibility Probability Questionnaire (PPQ), a measure of ESP, and several other individual differences in a logistic regression. Results We observed a commission bias as in past studies with most participants choosing surgery both when surgery was optimal (71%) and when watchful waiting was optimal (58%). An ESP × Condition interaction indicated that the predictive role of ESP depended on condition. Those higher in ESP were more likely to choose surgery when probabilities favored surgery, β = 0.57, P < 0.001, but when probabilities favored watchful waiting, ESP had a near-zero relationship with choice, β = 0.05, P < 0.99. Conclusions The role of ESP in decision making is context specific. Higher levels of ESP predict choosing action when that action is warranted but do not predict a shift away from surgery when watchful waiting offers better chances of survival. ESP does not overcome the commission bias. Highlights Past studies have identified a “commission bias,” a tendency to choose active treatment over watchful waiting, even when mortality rate is lower for waiting. Evaluation of risk probabilities is related to individual differences in emotional sensitivity to probabilities (ESP) and has been shown to predict reactions to and decisions about health risk situations. ESP appears to be selectively factored into decision making. ESP was a robust predictor of choosing surgery when probability information supported surgery but did not predict decisions when probability information supported watchful waiting. Those who are most emotionally attuned to probabilities are just as susceptible to the commission bias as those who are less attuned.
Translation, Validation, and Cultural Adaptation of CLEFT-Q© for use in Indonesia
Authors: Kreshanti Prasetyanugraheni , Djarot Kasih Rahardjo , Kaligis Fransiska , Friska Dewi , Swanson Jordan W. , Blum Jessica , Martin Valencia Jane , Bangun Kristaninta 
Published: March 2023

Objective To translate and validate CLEFT-Q©, patient-reported outcome measure for patients with cleft lip and/or palate (CL and/or P), into Indonesian. CLEFT-Q© covers the domains of appearance, facial function, health-related quality of life and consists of scales describing outcomes after cleft surgery. Design The CLEFT-Q© instrument was translated according to the International Society of Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research guidelines, including translation, cognitive debriefing, and field-testing. Setting Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Indonesia; independent CL and/or P support groups. Patients Patients ages 8-29 with a history of repaired CL and/or P were grouped based on age. Those unable to complete the questionnaire independently were excluded. Interventions The primary objective was reliable translation of the CLEFT-Q® instrument. Each scale was assessed for its internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and validity (inter-item correlation), and sub-group analyses were performed based on age group. Results Forward and back translation revealed 25(13.3%) and 12(6.3%) of items were difficult to translate. Cognitive debriefing revealed 10(5.3%) items were difficult to understand, with the lowest reliability on the facial appearance scale (α=0.27). Other scales demonstrated acceptable to excellent reliability (α=0.53–0.68). Field testing revealed acceptable reliability and validity of the translation (α = 0.74-0.92; 69% ideal range of inter-item correlation). Sub-group analyses revealed patients in the <11y.o. and >18y.o. groups had the lowest scores on the “cleft lip scar” scale while those 11-18y.o. had the lowest scores on the “nostrils” scale. Conclusion Iterative translation and cultural adaptation of CLEFT-Q© into Indonesian demonstrated reliability and validity of the tool, supported by acceptable to excellent internal consistency and ideal inter-item correlation.
Interrupted time series evaluation of the impact of a dementia wellbeing service on avoidable hospital admissions for people with dementia in Bristol, England
Authors: Jones Tim , Redaniel Maria Theresa , Ben-Shlomo Yoav 
Published: March 2023

Objectives To determine whether a dementia wellbeing service (DWS) signposting people with dementia to community services decreases the rate of avoidable hospital admissions, in-hospital mortality, complexity of admissions (number of comorbidities) or length of stay. Methods Interrupted time series analysis to estimate the effects of the DWS on hospital outcomes. We included all unplanned admissions for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (‘avoidable hospital admissions’) with a dementia diagnosis recorded in the Hospital Episode Statistics. The intervention region was compared with a demographically similar control region in the 2 years before and 3 years after the implementation of the new service (October 2013 to September 2018). Results There was no strong evidence that admission rates reduced and only weak evidence that the trend in average length of stay reduced slowly over time. In-hospital mortality decreased immediately after the introduction of the dementia wellbeing service compared to comparator areas (x0.64, 95% CI 0.42, 0.97, p = 0.037) but attenuated over the following years. The rate of increase in comorbidities also appeared to slow after the service began; they were similar to comparator areas by September 2018. Conclusions We found no major impact of the DWS on avoidable hospital admissions, although there was weak evidence for slightly shorter length of stay and reduced complexity of hospital admissions. These findings may or may not reflect a true benefit of the service and require further investigation. The DWS was established to improve quality of dementia care; reducing hospital admissions was never its sole purpose. More targeted interventions may be required to reduce hospital admissions for people with dementia.