bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of type-II hetero-strain cylindrical-gate-all-around nanowire FET for exploration and analysis of enriched performances
Authors: Barik Rasmita , Dhar Rudra Sankar , Awwad Falah , Hussein Mousa I. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe incubation of strained nano-system in the form of tri-layered structure as nanowire channel in the cylindrical-gate-all-around (CGAA) FET at 10 nm gate length is developed for the first time to keep abreast with the proposed 3 nm technology node of IRDS 2022. The system installs Type-II hetero-strain alignment in the channel attesting itself as the fastest operating device debasing the SCEs at nano regime. The ultra-thin strained-channel comprises of two cylindrical s-Si wells encompassing s-SiGe barrier in between, which enables improvement of carrier mobility by succumbing of quantum charge carriers in the region. This results in 2D charge centroid creation with cylindrical based circular Nano-system contemplating electrostatic potential difference leading to enriched electric field, current density and transconductance, while the gate-all-around architecture with increased gate controllability lowers leakage current, in the device. The 10 nm strained-channel CGAA astounded havoc ON current enhancements of ~ 20% over 22 nm strained CGAA, 57% over Si CGAA FET and 75% over proposed 3 nm technology node IRDS 2022 are accomplished. Hence, carrier mobility and velocity enriches instituting quasi-ballistic transport through the Nanowire channel, thereby augments in ~ 28% drain current so the 10 nm channel CGAA FET stands as the most suitable and improved device in nano regime.
Transcription and FACT facilitate the restoration of replication-coupled chromatin assembly defects
Authors: Barrientos-Moreno Marta , Maya-Miles Douglas , Murillo-Pineda Marina , Fontalva Sara , Pérez-Alegre Mónica , Andujar Eloísa , Prado Félix 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGenome duplication occurs through the coordinated action of DNA replication and nucleosome assembly at replication forks. Defective nucleosome assembly causes DNA lesions by fork breakage that need to be repaired. In addition, it causes a loss of chromatin integrity. These chromatin alterations can be restored, even though the mechanisms are unknown. Here, we show that the process of chromatin restoration can deal with highly severe chromatin defects induced by the absence of the chaperones CAF1 and Rtt106 or a strong reduction in the pool of available histones, and that this process can be followed by analyzing the topoisomer distribution of the 2µ plasmid. Using this assay, we demonstrate that chromatin restoration is slow and independent of checkpoint activation, whereas it requires the action of transcription and the FACT complex. Therefore, cells are able to “repair” not only DNA lesions but also chromatin alterations associated with defective nucleosome assembly.
A dual mobile eye tracking study on natural eye contact during live interactions
Authors: Mayrand Florence , Capozzi Francesca , Ristic Jelena 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHuman eyes convey a wealth of social information, with mutual looks representing one of the hallmark gaze communication behaviors. However, it remains relatively unknown if such reciprocal communication requires eye-to-eye contact or if general face-to-face looking is sufficient. To address this question, while recording looking behavior in live interacting dyads using dual mobile eye trackers, we analyzed how often participants engaged in mutual looks as a function of looking towards the top (i.e., the Eye region) and bottom half of the face (i.e., the Mouth region). We further examined how these different types of mutual looks during an interaction connected with later gaze-following behavior elicited in an individual experimental task. The results indicated that dyads engaged in mutual looks in various looking combinations (Eye-to-eye, Eye-to-mouth, and Mouth-to-Mouth) but proportionately spent little time in direct eye-to-eye gaze contact. However, the time spent in eye-to-eye contact significantly predicted the magnitude of later gaze following response elicited by the partner’s gaze direction. Thus, humans engage in looking patterns toward different face parts during interactions, with direct eye-to-eye looks occurring relatively infrequently; however, social messages relayed during eye-to-eye contact appear to carry key information that propagates to affect subsequent individual social behavior.
EDSS and infratentorial white matter lesion volume are considered predictors of fatigue severity in RRMS
Authors: Ezzeldin Mohammed Y. , Mahmoud Doaa M. , Safwat Shady M. , Soliman Radwa Kamel , Desoky Tarek , Khedr Eman M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFatigue is a common disabling symptom of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Many studies have linked grey matter atrophy to fatigue, but white matter lesion load (WM-LL) has received less attention. Here we assess the relation between fatigue and regional WM-LL volumetric measures. 63 patients with RRMS participated in this study; mean age was 31.9 ± 8.1 years. Each patient provided demographic details and was scored on the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) and fatigue severity scale (FSS). VolBrain, a fully automated, operator-independent tool was used to assess WM-LL and whole brain volume. The patients were classified into three groups: no fatigue (FSS < 4), low to moderate fatigue (FSS ≥ 4 ≤ 5) and high fatigue (FSS > 5). 33.3% of patients had no significant fatigue, 25.4% had mild-to-moderate fatigue, and 41.3% had significant fatigue. Age, disease duration, relapses, and EDSS were positively correlated to fatigue severity (P = 0.034, 0.002, 0.009 and 0.001 respectively). Whole brain volume, total and regional WM-LL (juxtacortical, periventricular, infratentorial) were also correlated with fatigue severity. Ordinal regression analysis for fatigue severity showed EDSS and infratentorial lesion volume were the best predictors. In conclusion, EDSS and infratentorial lesion volume (cerebellar and brainstem) are the best predictors of fatigue severity.
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induces lung endothelial cell dysfunction and thrombo-inflammation depending on the C3a/C3a receptor signalling
Authors: Perico Luca , Morigi Marina , Pezzotta Anna , Locatelli Monica , Imberti Barbara , Corna Daniela , Cerullo Domenico , Benigni Ariela , Remuzzi Giuseppe 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe spike protein of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can interact with endothelial cells. However, no studies demonstrated the direct effect of the spike protein subunit 1 (S1) in inducing lung vascular damage and the potential mechanisms contributing to lung injury. Here, we found that S1 injection in mice transgenic for human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) induced early loss of lung endothelial thromboresistance at 3 days, as revealed by thrombomodulin loss and von Willebrand factor (vWF) increase. In parallel, vascular and epithelial C3 deposits and enhanced C3a receptor (C3aR) expression were observed. These changes preceded diffuse alveolar damage and lung vascular fibrin(ogen)/platelets aggregates at 7 days, as well as inflammatory cell recruitment and fibrosis. Treatment with C3aR antagonist (C3aRa) inhibited lung C3 accumulation and C3a/C3aR activation, limiting vascular thrombo-inflammation and fibrosis. Our study demonstrates that S1 triggers vascular dysfunction and activates complement system, instrumental to lung thrombo-inflammatory injury. By extension, our data indicate C3aRa as a valuable therapeutic strategy to limit S1-dependent lung pathology.
Effects of exclusive breastfeeding on educational attainment and longitudinal trajectories of grade progression among children in a 13-year follow-up study in Malawi
Authors: Mohammed Shamsudeen , Webb Emily L. , Calvert Clara , Glynn Judith R. , Sunny Bindu S. , Crampin Amelia C. , McLean Estelle , Munthali-Mkandawire Shekinah , Lazarous Nkhata Dube Albert , Kalobekamo Fredrick , Marston Milly , Oakley Laura L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe benefits of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for infant health and survival are well documented. However, its impact on educational outcomes has been contested and poorly researched in Africa. It has been hypothesised that positive associations reported in high-income countries can be attributed to residual confounding by socioeconomic status (SES). Our study investigated whether EBF duration in infancy is associated with educational attainment and age-for-grade attainment trajectories at school-age in rural Malawi. Longitudinal data on 1021 children at the Karonga demographic surveillance site in Malawi were analysed. Breastfeeding data were collected 3 months after birth and again at age one. The school grade of each child was recorded each year from age 6 until age 13. We calculated age-for-grade based on whether a child was at, over, or under the official expected age for a grade. Generalised estimating equations estimated the average effect of breastfeeding on age-for-grade. Latent class growth analysis identified age-for-grade trajectories, and multinomial logistic regression examined their associations with EBF. Maternal-child characteristics, SES, and HIV status were controlled. Overall, 35.9% of the children were exclusively breastfed for 6 months. Over-age for grade steadily increased from 9.6% at age 8 to 41.9% at age 13. There was some evidence that EBF for 6 months was associated with lower odds of being over-age for grade than EBF for less than 3 months (aOR = 0.82, 95%CI = 0.64–1.06). In subgroup analyses, children exclusively breastfed for 6 months in infancy were less likely to be over-age for grades between ages 6–9 (aOR = 0.64, 95%CI = 0.43–0.94). Latent class growth analysis also provided some evidence that EBF reduced the odds of falling behind in the early school grades (aOR = 0.66, 95%CI = 0.41–1.08) but not later. Our study adds to the growing evidence that EBF for 6 months has benefits beyond infant health and survival, supporting the WHO's recommendation on EBF.
First-principles study on the high-pressure physical properties of orthocarbonate Ca2CO4
Authors: Liu Zi-Jiang , Li Tian , Sun Xiao-Wei , Zhang Cai-Rong , Liu Zhong-Li , Song Ting , Wen Xiao-Dong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOrthorhombic Ca2CO4is a recently discovered orthocarbonate whose high-pressure physical properties are critical for understanding the deep carbon cycle. Here, we study the structure, elastic and seismic properties of Ca2CO4-Pnmaat 20–140 GPa using first-principles calculations, and compare them with the results of CaCO3polymorphs. The results show that the structural parameters of Ca2CO4-Pnmaare in good agreement with the experimental results. It could be the potential host of carbon in the Earth's mantle subduction slab, and its low wave velocity and small anisotropy may be the reason why it cannot be detected in seismic observation. The thermodynamic properties of Ca2CO4-Pnmaat high temperature and high pressure are obtained using the quasi-harmonic approximation method. This study is helpful in understanding the behavior of Ca-carbonate in the Earth’s lower mantle conditions.
M-plane GaN terahertz quantum cascade laser structure design and doping effect for resonant-phonon and phonon-scattering-injection schemes
Authors: Ye Fan , Wang Yiyang , Wang Li , Lin Tsung-Tse , Zeng Fantai , Ji Yue , Zhang Jinchuan , Liu Fengqi , Hirayama Hideki , Wang Ke , Shi Yi , Zheng Youdou , Zhang Rong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNon-polar m-plane GaN terahertz quantum cascade laser (THz-QCL) structures have been studied. One is traditional three-well resonant-phonon (RP) design scheme. The other is two-well phonon scattering injection (PSI) design scheme. The peak gains of 41.8 and 44.2 cm−1 have been obtained at 8.2 and 7.7 THz respectively at 300 K according to the self-consistent non-equilibrium Green’s function calculation. Different from the usual GaAs two-well design, the upper and lower lasing levels are both ground states in the GaN quantum wells for the PSI scheme, mitigating the severe broadening effect for the excited states in GaN. To guide the fabrication of such devices, the doping effect on the peak gain has been analyzed. The two designs have demonstrated distinct doping density dependence and it is mainly attributed to the very different doping dependent broadening behaviors. The results reveal the possibility of GaN based THz-QCL lasing at room temperature.
The early excitatory action of striatal cholinergic-GABAergic microcircuits conditions the subsequent GABA inhibitory shift
Authors: Lozovaya Natalia , Eftekhari Sanaz , Hammond Constance 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCholinergic interneurons of the striatum play a role in action selection and associative learning by activating local GABAergic inhibitory microcircuits. We investigated whether cholinergic-GABAergic microcircuits function differently and fulfill a different role during early postnatal development, when GABAA actions are not inhibitory and mice pups do not walk. We focused our study mainly on dual cholinergic/GABAergic interneurons (CGINs). We report that morphological and intrinsic electrophysiological properties of CGINs rapidly develop during the first post-natal week. At this stage, CGINs are excited by the activation of GABAA receptors or GABAergic synaptic inputs, respond to cortical stimulation by a long excitation and are linked by polysynaptic excitations. All these excitations are replaced by inhibitions at P12-P15. Early chronic treatment with the NKCC1 antagonist bumetanide to evoke premature GABAergic inhibitions from P4 to P8, prevented the GABA polarity shift and corticostriatal pause response at control postnatal days. We propose that early excitatory cholinergic-GABAergic microcircuits are instrumental in the maturation of GABAergic inhibition.
Nitrification in acidic and alkaline environments
Authors: Ni Gaofeng , Leung Pok Man , Daebeler Anne , Guo Jianhua , Hu Shihu , Cook Perran , Nicol Graeme W. , Daims Holger , Greening Chris 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Aerobic nitrification is a key process in the global nitrogen cycle mediated by microorganisms. While nitrification has primarily been studied in near-neutral environments, this process occurs at a wide range of pH values, spanning ecosystems from acidic soils to soda lakes. Aerobic nitrification primarily occurs through the activities of ammonia-oxidising bacteria and archaea, nitrite-oxidising bacteria, and complete ammonia-oxidising (comammox) bacteria adapted to these environments. Here, we review the literature and identify knowledge gaps on the metabolic diversity, ecological distribution, and physiological adaptations of nitrifying microorganisms in acidic and alkaline environments. We emphasise that nitrifying microorganisms depend on a suite of physiological adaptations to maintain pH homeostasis, acquire energy and carbon sources, detoxify reactive nitrogen species, and generate a membrane potential at pH extremes. We also recognize the broader implications of their activities primarily in acidic environments, with a focus on agricultural productivity and nitrous oxide emissions, as well as promising applications in treating municipal wastewater.
Adapting to New Hearing Aids and Hearing Aid Adjustments in Adult Danish Users
Authors: Narayanan Sreeram K. , Houmller Sabina S. , Wolff Anne , Hougaard Dan D. , Gaihede Michael , Schmidt Jesper H. , Hammershi Dorte 
Published: July 2023

Purpose:
This study was aimed at understanding the effect of time taken to adapt to the new hearing aids (HAs) and the timeline of HA adjustments performed over more than a year of rehabilitation on self-reported HA outcomes.

Method:
A self-report of the time it took to get accustomed to the new HAs and adjustment of the HAs during a year of rehabilitation collected from 690 HA users using a nonstandardized questionnaire were analyzed. The abbreviated version of the Speech, Spatial, and Quality of Hearing questionnaire and the International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids were used as the self-reported HA outcome.

Result:
Out of 690 participants, 442 (64%) got accustomed to HAs within 2 months. Ninety-one participants (13%) did not get accustomed to the HAs at all, out of which 74 (81%) were first-time HA users. Eighty-four participants (12%) did not receive any HA adjustments after their initial fitting, and 49 (7%) had their HAs adjusted four or more times during the 1 year of rehabilitation. Three hundred ninety (57%) participants got their HA adjusted only at the 2-month follow-up visit, showing the intent to adjust given an opportunity. The stepwise multiple linear regression results showed the significant impact of getting accustomed to the HA and having HA adjusted at multiple instances on the self-reported HA outcomes.

Conclusion:
This study showed the importance of getting accustomed to the HA and having a minimal number of adjustments to have a better long-term self-reported HA outcome.
CrossFormer: Multi‐scale cross‐attention for polyp segmentation
Authors: Chen Lifang , Ge Hongze , Li Jiawei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractColonoscopy is a common method for the early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC). The segmentation of colonoscopy imagery is valuable for examining the lesion. However, as colonic polyps have various sizes and shapes, and their morphological characteristics are similar to those of mucosa, it is difficult to segment them accurately. To address this, a novel neural network architecture called CrossFormer is proposed. CrossFormer combines cross‐attention and multi‐scale methods, which can achieve high‐precision automatic segmentation of the polyps. A multi‐scale cross‐attention module is proposed to enhance the ability to extract context information and learn different features. In addition, a novel channel enhancement module is used to focus on the useful channel information. The model is trained and tested on the Kvasir and CVC‐ClinicDB datasets. Experimental results show that the proposed model outperforms most existing polyps segmentation methods.
Demonstration of gallium oxide nano-pillar field emitter arrays
Authors: Kim Taeyoung , Joishi Chandan , Xia Zhanbo , Kalarickal Nidhin Kurian , Selcu Camelia , Back Tyson , Ludwick Jonathan , Rajan Siddharth 
Published: July 2023

We demonstrate field emission characteristics of β-Ga2O3 nano-pillar arrays fabricated using a damage-free etching technique. The technique utilizes Ga flux in an ultra-high vacuum environment (molecular beam epitaxy) to form high aspect ratio Ga2O3 nano-pillars with atomic-scale etching precision. Electrically conductive Ga2O3 nano-pillars with uniform widths of ∼200–300 nm were realized without the use of e-beam lithography. Furthermore, field emission characteristics on the nano-pillars displayed an emission current of 19 nA per tip at an electric field of 385 kV/cm. The field emission characteristics were modeled using the Murphy–Good model, and the measurements were validated with a field emission orthodoxy test.
Design and fabrication of TiO2-based dye sensitized solar cells using plant-derived organic dyes
Authors: Asfaw Gabriel Gashahun , Benti Natei Ermias , Desta Mekonnen Abebayehu , Mekonnen Yedilfana Setarge 
Published: July 2023

The utilization of solar energy, an abundant and renewable resource, shows great promise. Various technologies have been employed to capture this vast energy potential. In this study, the effectiveness of natural dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) was explored through experimental and computational methods. Organic dyes derived from specific plant species were examined, with a solvent mixture of ethanol, methanol, and tetrahydrofuran used for extraction. A UV–vis spectrophotometer was utilized to measure the sensitizers’ optical characteristics. The study employed density functional theory (DFT), implemented in Gaussian 09 W software, to perform computational calculations. The B3LYP method and a basis set of 6-31G++(d,p) were chosen for optimizing the geometries and energetics of dye molecules. The DFT results indicated that the dye molecules had a bandgap in the range of 2.16–2.38 eV. The photochemical performance of all four fabricated DSSC-based devices was evaluated to be between 0.33% and 1.04%, and the Euryops pectinatus sensitizer demonstrated the highest efficiency of 1.04% among the studied sensitizers.
Spatial continuous-flow polymerase chain reaction structure controlled by single-temperature driver
Authors: Zhou Ranran , Ding Yanguang , Sun Yu , Yang Jing , Yu Yang , Pang Jianxin , Chen Jin , Wang Fengchao 
Published: July 2023

A spatial continuous-flow polymerase chain reaction microfluidic chip was designed with the traditional plane channel replaced by a vertical-cavity channel by a single-temperature driver. To optimize the design, the temperature distribution in the microchannel of this chip was simulated by the finite-element method with various structural parameters and fluid velocities. The results show that the fluid produces three temperature zones of 94–95, 54–56, and 71–73 °C when the chip size is 54 mm (x) × 78 mm (y) × 47 mm (z), the wall thickness is 2 mm (x) × 20 mm (y) × 2 mm (z), and the pipe diameter is 1 mm. To increase the polymerase chain reaction amplification efficiency, we considered fluid velocities in the range of 0.0005–0.002 m/s. The optimal temperature for polymerase chain reaction amplification occurs at a fluid velocity of 0.0005 m/s.
Characteristics of a nanosecond pulsed sliding discharge plasma actuator at low pressure
Authors: Sun Qijie , Geng Xi , Li Zheng , Shi Zhiwei , Sun Zhikun , Cheng Keming 
Published: July 2023

The behavior of a nanosecond pulsed sliding discharge plasma actuator with the ambient pressure from 27 to 101 kPa is experimentally investigated. The electric characteristics, discharge morphologies, and surface temperature distribution of the actuator supplied by constant voltages are studied under different pressure conditions. The threshold pressure for sliding discharge establishment is 54–75 kPa in this paper. The results show that the positive peak value of the current tends to increase as the pressure decreases. Time-integrated discharge images indicate that plasma luminosity and uniformity are enhanced under low-pressure conditions. The discharge morphology of the actuator at 27 kPa displays an alternating distribution of bright and dark stripes. The infrared thermal results demonstrate that decreasing the pressure increases the actuator's surface temperature, intensifies the intensity of spanwise temperature oscillations, and improves the homogeneity in the streamwise direction.