bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the sustainability of geotechnical engineering with utilization of fly Ash
Authors: Alqawasmeh Hasan Majed 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Massive amounts of fly ash (FA) are dumped carelessly leading to a negative influence on the environment. However, FA contains several advantages when it is used in geotechnical engineering and civil engineering projects which not only dispose of waste but also improve sustainability. In addition to offering a promising solution to the disposal issue, the use of waste materials in civil engineering projects also offers an affordable substitute for conventional materials which preserves natural resources. Many scholars' studies show how FA is used and how it affects the geotechnical characteristics of the soil. Despite extensive research, the assessment of FA's suitability is complicated due to the chemical composition of FA which varies significantly between sources. This variability can affect how FA interacts with different soil types, leading to inconsistent results in terms of soil improvement and geotechnical properties. Therefore, a comprehensive review is required that compiles all effective data and gives the user simple instructions about using FA. This article reviews the current state of the art research on the physical properties of FA, chemical composition of different countries FA, Atterberg limit, compaction properties, California bearing ratio, unconfined compressive strength, shear strength compression, and swelling index. Results showed that adding FA to soil increased its geotechnical qualities, but the effect depends on the type of soil and specific conditions, such as moisture content, compaction, and the percentage of FA added. The higher percentages of FA led to a decline in geotechnical characteristics. The assessment, therefore, advises that FA may be added up to optimum percentages which generally 20% depending on its source and chemical composition.
Beautiful or Agreeable? Humour and Wit in The Origins of Kant’s Aesthetics
Authors: Zinkin Melissa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this paper, I explore what Robert Clewis, in The Origins of Kant’s Aesthetics, suggests is an ‘analogy’ between humour and beauty. I do this by focusing on Kant’s concept of wit (Witz), which is central to both reflective judgement and humour. By exploring the concept of Witz as a distinctive kind of cognitive activity, I believe a case can be made that the origin of Kant’s mature aesthetic theory in the Critique of the Power of Judgement and his discovery of the principle of taste were, in part, a result of Kant’s thinking about Witz. I therefore share Clewis’s puzzlement about why, in the third Critique, humour, arguably the art of Witz, is not considered to be a beautiful art. I conclude by suggesting a possible reason why Kant thought that a judgement of humour is different from a judgement of beauty.
Robert Clewis and the Origins of Kant’s Conception of Aesthetics
Authors: McQuillan J. Colin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Robert Clewis focuses on a number of different themes in Kant’s precritical and critical aesthetics in The Origins of Kant’s Aesthetics. Clewis carefully documents where Kant’s views on these themes are the same, where they are different, and why; yet his approach might give readers the impression that Kant lacks a unified conception of aesthetics. I show, on the contrary, that the method and sources Clewis employs also reveal the frameworks within which Kant addresses the themes that Clewis discusses in Origins; the consistencies in Kant’s precritical and critical conceptions of aesthetics; and the changes in his conception of aesthetics that we find in the third Critique.
Winning Snake: Design Choices in Multi-Shot ASP
Authors: BÖHL ELISA , ELLMAUTHALER STEFAN , GAGGL SARAH ALICE 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAnswer set programming is a well-understood and established problem-solving and knowledge representation paradigm. It has become more prominent amongst a wider audience due to its multiple applications in science and industry. The constant development of advanced programming and modeling techniques extends the toolset for developers and users regularly. This paper compiles and demonstrates different techniques to reuse logic program parts (multi-shot) by solving the arcade game snake. This game is particularly interesting because a victory can be assured by solving the NP-hard problem of Hamiltonian Cycles. We will demonstrate five hands-on implementations in clingo and compare their performance in an empirical evaluation. In addition, our implementation utilizes clingraph to generate a simple yet informative image representation of the game’s progress.
Cyclic Supports in Recursive Bipolar Argumentation Frameworks: Semantics and LP Mapping
Authors: ALFANO GIANVINCENZO , GRECO SERGIO , PARISI FRANCESCO , TRUBITSYNA IRINA 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDung’s abstract Argumentation Framework (AF) has emerged as a key formalism for argumentation in artificial intelligence. It has been extended in several directions, including the possibility to express supports, leading to the development of the Bipolar Argumentation Framework (BAF), and recursive attacks and supports, resulting in the Recursive BAF (Rec-BAF). Different interpretations of supports have been proposed, whereas for Rec-BAF (where the target of attacks and supports may also be attacks and supports) even different semantics for attacks have been defined. However, the semantics of these frameworks have either not been defined in the presence of support cycles or are often quite intricate in terms of the involved definitions. We encompass this limitation and present classical semantics for general BAF and Rec-BAF and show that the semantics for specific BAF and Rec-BAF frameworks can be defined by very simple and intuitive modifications of that defined for the case of AF. This is achieved by providing a modular definition of the sets of defeated and acceptable elements for each AF-based framework. We also characterize, in an elegant and uniform way, the semantics of general BAF and Rec-BAF in terms of logic programming and partial stable model semantics.
Automating Semantic Analysis of System Assurance Cases Using Goal-Directed ASP
Authors: MURUGESAN ANITHA , WONG ISAAC , ARIAS JOAQUÍN , STROUD ROBERT , VARADARAJAN SRIVATSAN , SALAZAR ELMER , GUPTA GOPAL , BLOOMFIELD ROBIN , RUSHBY JOHN 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAssurance cases offer a structured way to present arguments and evidence for certification of systems where safety and security are critical. However, creating and evaluating these assurance cases can be complex and challenging, even for systems of moderate complexity. Therefore, there is a growing need to develop new automation methods for these tasks. While most existing assurance case tools focus on automating structural aspects, they lack the ability to fully assess the semantic coherence and correctness of the assurance arguments.In prior work, we introduced the Assurance 2.0 framework that prioritizes the reasoning process, evidence utilization, and explicit delineation of counter-claims (defeaters) and counter-evidence. In this paper, we present our approach to enhancing Assurance 2.0 with semantic rule-based analysis capabilities using common-sense reasoning and answer set programming solvers, specifically s(CASP). By employing these analysis techniques, we examine the unique semantic aspects of assurance cases, such as logical consistency, adequacy, indefeasibility, etc. The application of these analyses provides both system developers and evaluators with increased confidence about the assurance case.
International humanitarian law, jus post bellum and transformative justice
Authors: Lambourne Wendy 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
International law began as a discipline concerned with the goal of peace, seen as the ideal state of relations between States, focusing on the potential for peaceful settlement of disputes, arms control and disarmament, and the prevention of war. International humanitarian law (IHL) emerged as the first significant development in international law addressing issues of peace and security. The subsequent development of international criminal law (ICL) following World War II has enabled the criminal prosecution of war crimes (serious violations of IHL) as well as crimes against the peace, crimes against humanity and genocide. This article argues that IHL, as it was developed to regulate the conduct of war (jus in bello) as a means of preventing unnecessary suffering, should be considered as separate yet integrally linked to the pursuit of international criminal justice as part of transitional justice in the context of jus post bellum, defined as “the set of norms applicable at the end of armed conflict … with a view to establishing a sustainable peace”. The article analyzes existing scholarship and emerging ideas about the relatively old yet underdeveloped concept of jus post bellum, and what this concept means in practice since the rapid increase in international interventions in peacebuilding and transitional justice in non-international armed conflicts. Applying the author's theory of transformative justice along with jus post bellum principles to the case study example of Cambodia, the paper discusses the complexities, uncertainties and apparent contradictions of establishing a “just peace” that builds on, yet goes beyond, the intersecting norms and practices of IHL and ICL. The article concludes by proposing the need for a radical reconceptualization of jus post bellum in order to support a more sustainable, transformative and emancipatory peacebuilding agenda.
Updates on neonatal cell and novel therapeutics: Proceedings of the Second Neonatal Cell Therapies Symposium (2024)
Authors: Paton Madison C. B. , Benders Manon , Blatch-Williams Remy , Dallimore Elizabeth , Edwards Adam , Elwood Ngaire , Facer Kylie , Finch-Edmondson Megan , Garrity Natasha , Gordon Adrienne , Hunt Rod W. , Jenkin Graham , McDonald Courtney A. , Moore Justin , Nold Marcel F. , Novak Iona , Popat Himanshu , Salomon Carlos , Sato Yoshiaki , Tolcos Mary , Wixey Julie A. , Yawno Tamara , Zhou Lindsay , Malhotra Atul 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Cell therapies as treatments for neonatal conditions have attracted significant research and parent interest over the last two decades. Mesenchymal stromal cells, umbilical cord blood cells and neural stem cells translate from lab, to preclinical and into clinical trials, with contributions being made from all over the world. Effective and timely translation involves frequent reflection and consultation from research-adjacent fields (i.e. cell therapies for cerebral palsy, adult neurology, companies, and regulatory bodies) as well as meaningful involvement of people with lived experience. Progress to date suggests that aligning outcome and data reporting in later phase clinical trials will support our sector, as well as involving industry partners for streamlined solutions in cell manufacturing, commercialisation and regulatory processes. Importantly, our field can also benefit from resource sharing and research collaboration in novel drug therapies, small molecules and extracellular vesicles as we attempt to bridge preclinical and clinical research. In this review, we present highlights and learnings from the second Neonatal Cell Therapies Symposium (2024), held in Sydney, Australia.

Impact

Multiple cell therapy candidates have advanced through preclinical and clinical trials in neonatology, showing promising feasibility, safety and efficacy.

Effective and timely translation is enabled by collaboration across research-adjacent fields, commercial partnerships, harmonising research outcomes and meaningful involvement of people with lived experience.

Progress on the potential utility of cell therapies for neonatal conditions and further translational considerations are discussed in this paper.
Airborne observations reveal the fate of the methane from the Nord Stream pipelines
Authors: Reum Friedemann , Marshall Julia , Bittig Henry C. , Bretschneider Lutz , Broström Göran , Dissanayake Anusha L. , Glauch Theo , Gottschaldt Klaus-Dirk , Gros Jonas , Huntrieser Heidi , Lampert Astrid , Lichtenstern Michael , Miller Scot M. , Mohrmann Martin , Pätzold Falk , Pühl Magdalena , Rehder Gregor , Roiger Anke 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Nord Stream pipeline leaks on 26 September 2022 released 465 ± 20 kt of methane into the atmosphere, which is the largest recorded transient anthropogenic methane emission event. While most of the gas escaped directly to the atmosphere, a fraction dissolved in the water. So far, studies on the fate of this dissolved methane rely on pipeline volumetric estimates or spatially sparse concentration measurements and ocean models. Here, we use atmospheric measurements with broad spatial coverage obtained from an airborne platform to estimate outgassing of 19-48 t h−1 on 5 October 2022. Our results broadly agree with ocean models but reveal uncertainties such as inaccuracies in their spatial emission distribution. Thus, we provide a data-driven constraint on the fate of the methane from the Nord Stream pipelines in the Baltic Sea. These results demonstrate the benefit of a fast-response airborne mission to track a dynamic methane emission event.
Guaranteed efficient energy estimation of quantum many-body Hamiltonians using ShadowGrouping
Authors: Gresch Alexander , Kliesch Martin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Estimation of the energy of quantum many-body systems is a paradigmatic task in various research fields. In particular, efficient energy estimation may be crucial in achieving a quantum advantage for a practically relevant problem. For instance, the measurement effort poses a critical bottleneck for variational quantum algorithms. We aim to find the optimal strategy with single-qubit measurements that yields the highest provable accuracy given a total measurement budget. As a central tool, we establish tail bounds for empirical estimators of the energy. They are helpful for identifying measurement settings that improve the energy estimate the most. This task constitutes an NP-hard problem. However, we are able to circumvent this bottleneck and use the tail bounds to develop a practical, efficient estimation strategy, which we call ShadowGrouping. As the name indicates, it combines shadow estimation methods with grouping strategies for Pauli strings. In numerical experiments, we demonstrate that ShadowGrouping improves upon state-of-the-art methods in estimating the electronic ground-state energies of various small molecules, both in provable and practical accuracy benchmarks. Hence, this work provides a promising way, e.g., to tackle the measurement bottleneck associated with quantum many-body Hamiltonians.
Dynamically reconfigurable acoustofluidic metasurface for subwavelength particle manipulation and assembly
Authors: Surappa Sushruta , Pavagada Suraj , Soto Fernando , Akin Demir , Wei Charles , Degertekin F. Levent , Demirci Utkan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Particle manipulation plays a pivotal role in scientific and technological domains such as materials science, physics, and the life sciences. Here, we present a dynamically reconfigurable acoustofluidic metasurface that enables precise trapping and positioning of microscale particles in fluidic environments. By harnessing acoustic-structure interaction in a passive membrane resonator array, we generate localized standing acoustic waves that can be reconfigured in real-time. The resulting radiation force allows for subwavelength manipulation and patterning of particles on the metasurface at individual and collective scales, with actuation frequencies below 2 MHz. We further demonstrate the capabilities of the reconfigurable metasurface in trapping and enriching beads and biological cells flowing in microfluidic channels, showcasing its potential in high-throughput bioanalytical applications. Our versatile and biocompatible particle manipulation platform is suitable for applications ranging from the assembly of colloidal particles to enrichment of rare cells.
Visualizing stepwise evolution of carbon hybridization from sp3 to sp2 and to sp
Authors: Xiong Wei , Zhang Guang , Bao De-Liang , Lu Jianchen , Gao Lei , Li Yusen , Zhang Hui , Ruan Zilin , Hao Zhenliang , Gao Hong-Jun , Chen Long , Cai Jinming 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Regulating carbon hybridization states lies at the heart of engineering carbon materials with tailored properties but orchestrating the sequential transition across three states has remained elusive. Here, we visiualize stepwise evolution in carbon hybridizations from sp³ to sp² and to sp states via dehydrogenation and elimination reactions of methylcyano-functionalized molecules on surfaces. Utilizing scanning probing microscopy, we distinguish three distinct carbon-carbon bond types within polymers induced by annealing at elevated temperatures. Density-functional-theory calculations unveil the pivotal role of the electron-withdrawing cyano group in activating neighboring methylene to form C(sp

3
)–C(sp

3
) bonds, and in facilitating subsequent stepwise HCN eliminations to realize the transformation across three carbon-carbon bond types. We also demonstrate the applicability of this strategy on one-dimensional molecular wires and two-dimensional covalent organic framework on different substrates. Our work expands the scope of carbon hybridization evolution and serves as an advance in flexibly engineering carbon-material by employing cyanomethyl-substituted molecules.
Robust genome editing activity and the applications of enhanced miniature CRISPR-Cas12f1
Authors: Park Soo-Ji , Ju Sungjin , Jung Won Jun , Jeong Tae Yeong , Yoon Da Eun , Lee Jang Hyeon , Yang Jiyun , Lee Hojin , Choi Jungmin , Kim Hyeon Soo , Kim Kyoungmi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
With recent advancements in gene editing technology using the CRISPR/Cas system, there is a demand for more effective gene editors. A key factor facilitating efficient gene editing is effective CRISPR delivery into cells, which is known to be associated with the size of the CRISPR system. Accordingly, compact CRISPR-Cas systems derived from various strains are discovered, among which Un1Cas12f1 is 2.6 times smaller than SpCas9, providing advantages for gene therapy research. Despite extensive engineering efforts to improve Un1Cas12f1, the editing efficiency of Un1Cas12f1 is still shown to be low depending on the target site. To overcome this limitation, we develop enhanced Cas12f1 (eCas12f1), which exhibits gene editing activity similar to SpCas9 and AsCpf1, even in gene targets where previously improved Un1Cas12f1 variants showed low gene editing efficiency. Furthermore, we demonstrate that eCas12f1 efficiently induces apoptosis in cancer cells and is compatible with base editing and regulation of gene expression, verifying its high utility and applicability in gene therapy research.
The role of fluid friction in streamer formation and biofilm growth
Authors: Wittig Cornelius , Wagner Michael , Vallon Romain , Crouzier Thomas , van der Wijngaart Wouter , Horn Harald , Bagheri Shervin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Biofilms constitute one of the most common forms of living matter, playing an increasingly important role in technology, health, and ecology. While it is well established that biofilm growth and morphology are highly dependent on the external flow environment, the precise role of fluid friction has remained elusive. We grew Bacillus subtilis biofilms on flat surfaces of a channel in a laminar flow at wall shear stresses spanning one order of magnitude (τ

w
= 0.068 Pa to τ

w
= 0.67 Pa). By monitoring the three-dimensional distribution of biofilm over seven days, we found that the biofilms consist of smaller microcolonies, shaped like leaning pillars, many of which feature a streamer in the form of a thin filament that originates near the tip of the pillar. While the shape, size, and distribution of these microcolonies depend on the imposed shear stress, the same structural features appear consistently for all shear stress values. The formation of streamers occurs after the development of a base structure, suggesting that the latter induces a secondary flow that triggers streamer formation. Moreover, we observed that the biofilm volume grows approximately linearly over seven days for all shear stress values, with a growth rate inversely proportional to the wall shear stress. We develop a scaling model, providing insight into the mechanisms by which friction limits biofilm growth.
The Octocoral Trait Database: a global database of trait information for octocoral species
Authors: Gómez-Gras D. , Linares C. , Viladrich N. , Zentner Y. , Grinyó J. , Gori A. , McFadden C. S. , Fabricius K. E. , Madin J. S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Trait-based approaches are revolutionizing our understanding of high-diversity ecosystems by providing insights into the principles underlying key ecological processes, such as community assembly, species distribution, resilience, and the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. In 2016, the Coral Trait Database advanced coral reef science by centralizing trait information for stony corals (i.e., Subphylum Anthozoa, Class Hexacorallia, Order Scleractinia). However, the absence of trait data for soft corals, gorgonians, and sea pens (i.e., Class Octocorallia) limits our understanding of ecosystems where these organisms are significant members and play pivotal roles. To address this gap, we introduce the Octocoral Trait Database, a global, open-source database of curated trait data for octocorals. This database houses species- and individual-level data, complemented by contextual information that provides a relevant framework for analyses. The inaugural dataset, OctocoralTraits v2.2, contains over 97,500 global trait observations across 98 traits and over 3,500 species. The database aims to evolve into a steadily growing, community-led resource that advances future marine science, with a particular emphasis on coral reef research.
Two-photon NAD(P)H-FLIM reveals unperturbed energy metabolism of Ascaris suum larvae, in contrast to host macrophages upon artemisinin derivatives exposure
Authors: Musimbi Zaneta D. , Kundik Arkadi , Krücken Jürgen , Hauser Anja E. , Rausch Sebastian , Seeberger Peter H. , Niesner Raluca , Leben Ruth , Hartmann Susanne 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) are widespread, with Ascaris lumbricoides infecting millions globally. Malaria and STH co-infections are common in co-endemic regions. Artemisinin derivatives (ARTs)—artesunate, artemether, and dihydroartemisinin—are standard malaria treatments and are also known to influence the energy metabolism of parasites, tumors, and immune cells. Herein, we explore the potential of ARTs to influence ascariasis either by directly targeting larvae or indirectly by modifying macrophage responses. Ascaris suum third-stage larvae and porcine IL-4 polarized (M2-like) macrophages were exposed to ARTs in vitro, and their metabolism was evaluated using two-photon NAD(P)H-FLIM. Both larvae and M2-like macrophages exhibited a steady-state bioenergetic profile of high oxidative phosphorylation and low anaerobic glycolysis. In A. suum larvae, two metabolically distinct regions were identified, with particularly high DUOX activity in the pharynx compared to the midgut; however, ARTs did not alter these profiles. In contrast, exposure of M2-like macrophages to ARTs induced a metabolic shift towards high anaerobic glycolysis and reduced metabolic activity, suggesting a possible indirect effect of ARTs on the helminth infection. Overall, two-photon NAD(P)H-FLIM proved to be a powerful tool for studying specific metabolic pathways in Ascaris larvae and host macrophages, offering valuable insights into the metabolic mechanisms of drug action on both parasite and host.