bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital nursing practice theory: A scoping review and thematic analysis
Authors: Wynn Matthew , Garwood‐Cross Lisa , Vasilica Cristina , Davis Dilla 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsThis scoping review aims to identify existing theories associated with digital nursing practice to add a lens on the future use of digital technologies by nurses.DesignA review of theories related to digital technology in nursing practice was conducted following the framework described by Arksey and O'Malley. All published literature until 12th May 2022 was included.Data sourcesSeven databases were utilized including Medline, Scopus, CINAHL, ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore, BNI and Web of Science. A Google Scholar search was also performed.Review MethodsThe search terms included (nurs* AND [digital OR technol* OR e‐health or ehealth or digital health or telemedicine or telehealth] AND theory).ResultsThe database searches yielded 282 citations. After screening, nine articles were included in the review. These described eight distinct nursing theories.ConclusionThe focuses of the theories included the role of technology in society and nursing. How technology should be developed to support nursing practice, health consumers' use of nursing informatics, the use of technology as an expression of caring and the preservation of humanness and the relationship between human persons and non‐human actants and the creation of nursing technologies as caring in addition to existing technologies. Three themes were identified including the role of technology as an agent within the patient environment; nurse interactions with technology to achieve ‘knowing’ of patients and the necessity of technological competence among nurses. Then, using Actor Network Theory (ANT), a zoom‐out lens to map the concepts was proposed (The Lens for Digital Nursing [LDN]). This study is the first to add a new theoretical lens on digital nursing.ImpactThis study provides the first synthesis of key concepts of nursing theories to add a theoretical lens to digital nursing practice. This can be used in a functional capacity to zoom‐in different entities.No patient or public contribution was made in this study due to it being an early scoping study on a currently understudied area of nursing theory.
Methods in molecular biogeography: The case of New Caledonia
Authors: Heads Michael 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimTo examine the different methods currently used in molecular biogeography. Methods of interpreting evolution in space (ancestral‐area algorithms) always find a centre of origin for a group in the region of a paraphyletic basal grade, although regionally restricted basal grades can also be generated by simple vicariance. Current analyses of the timeline of evolution are usually based on the conversion of fossil‐calibrated ages (minimum clade ages) into maximum clade ages by imposing arbitrary, subjective priors. Thus, methods of analysing both space and time in evolution are flawed in theory. They are also inefficient in practice, as indicated by recent papers on the history of the New Caledonian biota, examined here as a case‐study. Work using current methods has left the phenomena as unexplained ‘conundrums’ and ‘enigmas’.LocationNew Caledonia and surrounding areas.TaxonVarious plants and animals.MethodsThe method favoured here is a synthesis of biogeography and geology. Tectonic features that coincide spatially with phylogenetic breaks (nodes) are identified. Fossils are used to provide estimates of minimum clade age, while the age of the tectonic features provides estimate of actual clade age. If the sequence of nodes in the phylogeny and the chronological sequence of the tectonic events match, a coherent sequence of vicariance events is indicated.ResultsSeveral critical studies on New Caledonian biogeography have been published in the last 5 years. The results from these can be analysed using revised methodology and integrated to give an alternative model of regional history.Main ConclusionsThe synthesis of geology and biology suggests a new interpretation of the New Caledonian biota, one in which the key processes are tectonic history, vicariance and metapopulation dynamics, rather than chance dispersal (as a mode of speciation), adaptation and radiation. The new model recognises the autochthonous, Mesozoic roots of many New Caledonian lineages.
Specific resistance prevents the evolution of general resistance and facilitates disease emergence
Authors: Hulse Samuel V. , Antonovics Janis , Hood Michael E. , Bruns Emily L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHost‐shifts, where pathogens jump from an ancestral host to a novel host, can be facilitated or impeded by standing variation in disease resistance, but only if resistance provides broad‐spectrum general resistance against multiple pathogen species. Host resistance comes in many forms and includes both general resistance, as well as specific resistance, which may only be effective against a single pathogen species or even genotype. However, most evolutionary models consider only one of these forms of resistance, and we have less understanding of how these two forms of resistance evolve in tandem. Here, we develop a model that allows for the joint evolution of specific and general resistance and asks if the evolution of specific resistance drives a decrease in the evolution of general resistance. We also explore how these evolutionary outcomes affect the risk of foreign pathogen invasion and persistence. We show that in the presence of a single endemic pathogen, the two forms of resistance are strongly exclusionary. Critically, we find that specific resistance polymorphisms can prevent the evolution of general resistance, facilitating the invasion of foreign pathogens. We also show that specific resistance polymorphisms are a necessary condition for the successful establishment of foreign pathogens following invasion, as they prevent the exclusion of the foreign pathogen by the more transmissible endemic pathogen. Our results demonstrate the importance of considering the joint evolution of multiple forms of resistance when evaluating a population's susceptibility to foreign pathogens.
Gaps in awareness and practice of healthy lifestyles among individuals at high risk of colorectal cancer: A qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Wang Wenxia , Fang Shuyan , Zhang Shuang , He Meng , Zhu Xiangning , Dong Yueyang , Ma Dongfei , Zhao Yanjie , Meng Xiangfei , Zhang Mengting , Sun Jiao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsTo systematically examine and review relevant qualitative studies exploring the current lifestyle among individuals at high risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), and their awareness of the role of a healthy lifestyle in CRC prevention.BackgroundThe increasing incidence and mortality of CRC have presented a serious threat against the health and life of people. As the major population affected by CRC, the lifestyle of individuals at a high risk of CRC is attracting increasing attention.DesignA qualitative evidence synthesis using the Thomas and Harden method and the PRISMA 2020 checklist provided by the EQUATOR network were used.Data SourcesLiterature was retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL and PsycINFO from the inception to December 2021.Review MethodsTwo reviewers independently screened the titles and abstracts and identified the eligible studies. Critical appraisals of each included study were performed. Thematic analysis was used to guide the data synthesis.ResultsThe data from nine articles were analysed. Three interpretive themes were extracted that formed an overarching synthesis of the experience with healthy lifestyles among high‐risk individuals of CRC. The findings suggested that these individuals with limited awareness of CRC and personal risks lacked sufficient knowledge about the relationship between lifestyle and CRC, and their attitudes and practices towards the role of a healthy lifestyle in CRC prevention were also diversified.ConclusionProfessionals can potentially provide personalised guidance for healthy lifestyles based on knowledge of prevention, the actual background and social support of individuals at high risk of CRC.ImpactConsidering that knowledge gaps and health beliefs among these individuals are the premise blocking their adoption of a healthy lifestyle, the findings of this review may make contributions to the design and content of public health policy and prevention programs.No patient or public contribution.
Safety and efficacy of nightly nitrofurantoin as prophylaxis in dogs with recurrent urinary tract infections: 13 cases (2015‐2021)
Authors: Murray O. , Furrow E. , Granick J. , Merkel L. , Lulich J. 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesTo report the protocol, efficacy and adverse events in dogs receiving nightly nitrofurantoin therapy as antimicrobial prophylaxis for recurrent urinary tract infections.Materials and MethodsRetrospective case series of dogs prescribed nitrofurantoin as prophylaxis for recurrent urinary tract infections. Data on urological history, diagnostic investigation, protocol, adverse events and efficacy (through serial urine cultures) were extracted from medical records.ResultsThirteen dogs were included. Before therapy, dogs had a median of 3 (range 3 to 7) positive urine cultures in the past year. In all but one dog, standard antimicrobial therapy was given before starting the nightly nitrofurantoin. The nightly nitrofurantoin was then prescribed at a median dose of 4.1 mg/kg orally every 24 hours for a median of 166 days (range 44 to 1740). The median infection‐free interval on therapy was 268 days (95% confidence interval: 165 to undefined). Eight dogs had no positive urine cultures while on therapy. Of these, five (three which discontinued and two which remained on nitrofurantoin) had no return of clinical signs or bacteriuria at time of last follow‐up evaluation or death, and three had suspected or confirmed bacteriuria 10 to 70 days after discontinuation. Five dogs developed bacteriuria on therapy, four of which were nitrofurantoin‐resistant Proteus spp. Most other adverse events were minor; none were considered likely caused by the drug on causality assessment.Clinical SignificanceBased on this small study group, nightly nitrofurantoin appears well tolerated and might be efficacious prophylaxis for recurrent urinary tract infections in dogs. Infection with nitrofurantoin‐resistant Proteus spp. was a common reason for treatment failure.
Efficacy of generic forms of itraconazole capsule in treating subjects with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis
Authors: Sehgal Inderpaul Singh , Vinay Keshavamurthy , Dhooria Sahajal , Muthu Valliappan , Prasad Kuruswamy Thurai , Aggarwal Ashutosh Nath , Chakrabarti Arunaloke , Rudramurthy Shivaprakash M. , Choudhary Hansraj , Agarwal Ritesh 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundItraconazole capsules have variable and unpredictable bioavailability.ObjectiveWhether the generic brands are as effective as the innovator itraconazole in treating subjects with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) remains unclear.MethodsIn this retrospective study, we treated CPA subjects with 6‐month itraconazole capsule and measured itraconazole levels at 2 weeks, 3 months and 6 months. Our primary outcome was to compare the proportion of subjects achieving therapeutic drug levels (≥0.5 mg/L) with the generic and the innovator itraconazole after 2 weeks. We performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis to ascertain whether trough itraconazole levels affected treatment outcomes. We categorised treatment response as favourable or unfavourable based on improvement (or worsening) in clinical symptoms, microbiology and imaging. We also performed morphometric analysis of different brands of itraconazole by video‐dermoscopy.ResultsWe included 193 (generic brands [n = 94] and innovator itraconazole [n = 99]) CPA subjects. A higher proportion of subjects achieved therapeutic levels at 2 weeks with the innovator than with the generic brands (72/99 [73%] vs. 27/94 [29%], p < .0001). The median trough level at 2 weeks was higher with the innovator than the generic brands (0.8 vs. 0 mg/L). The mean trough itraconazole levels achieved (average of three values measured over 6 months) independently predicted a favourable treatment response after adjusting for age, gender and CPA severity. On morphometric analysis, the generic brands had variable pellet numbers and sizes, and dummy pellets.ConclusionAt 2 weeks, a significantly higher proportion of CPA subjects achieved therapeutic drug levels with the innovator than the generic itraconazole. The mean serum itraconazole levels independently predicted a favourable treatment response in CPA.
African savanna grasses outperform trees across the full spectrum of soil moisture availability
Authors: Belovitch Michael W. , NeSmith Julienne E. , Nippert Jesse B. , Holdo Ricardo M. 
Published: March 2023

Summary

Models of tree–grass coexistence in savannas make different assumptions about the relative performance of trees and grasses under wet vs dry conditions. We quantified transpiration and drought tolerance traits in 26 tree and 19 grass species from the African savanna biome across a gradient of soil water potentials to test for a trade‐off between water use under wet conditions and drought tolerance.

We measured whole‐plant hourly transpiration in a growth chamber and quantified drought tolerance using leaf osmotic potential (Ψosm). We also quantified whole‐plant water‐use efficiency (WUE) and relative growth rate (RGR) under well‐watered conditions.

Grasses transpired twice as much as trees on a leaf‐mass basis across all soil water potentials. Grasses also had a lower Ψosm than trees, indicating higher drought tolerance in the former. Higher grass transpiration and WUE combined to largely explain the threefold RGR advantage in grasses.

Our results suggest that grasses outperform trees under a wide range of conditions, and that there is no evidence for a trade‐off in water‐use patterns in wet vs dry soils. This work will help inform mechanistic models of water use in savanna ecosystems, providing much‐needed whole‐plant parameter estimates for African species.
Alteration of myoepithelial cells during botulinum toxin type A‐inhibited salivary secretion
Authors: Xu Hui , Ge Huabing , Shan Xiaofeng , Cai Zhigang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveIntraglandular injection of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) effectively treats sialorrhea. Myoepithelial cells (MECs) are essential for salivary secretion. The role of MECs in BoNT/A‐inhibited salivary secretion, and its underlying mechanisms remain unknown.Materials and MethodsBoNT/A was injected into rat submandibular glands (SMGs). At 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks postinjection, salivary flow rate of SMGs was measured. Electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and Western blot analysis were used to detect morphological and functional changes in MECs and chemical denervation in SMGs.ResultsBoNT/A temporarily decreased salivary secretion in rat SMGs and this inhibitory effect lasted 4 weeks. During the inhibitory period, MECs atrophied and expressed reduced α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), vimentin, and phosphorylated myosin light chain 2 (p‐MLC2), suggesting that BoNT/A attenuated MEC contractility. Furthermore, BoNT/A cleaved synaptosome‐associated protein 25 (SNAP‐25) and decreased the expression and activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), indicating that BoNT/A‐induced chemical parasympathetic denervation of SMGs by cleaving SNAP‐25.ConclusionsBoNT/A temporarily caused MEC atrophy and decreased MEC contractility in rat SMGs, which contributed to reversible inhibition of salivary secretion. The underlying mechanisms involved temporary parasympathetic denervation caused by SNAP‐25 cleavage. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of BoNT/A‐inhibited salivary secretion.
The DNA integrity number and concentration are useful parameters for successful comprehensive genomic profiling test for cancer using formalin‐fixed paraffin embedded tissue
Authors: Yanagita Emmy , Yamada Hiroshi , Kobayashi Tetsuro , Aimono Eriko , Nakamura Kohei , Hirasawa Akira , Nishihara Hiroshi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe acquisition of high‐quality biospecimens and the appropriate handling of these materials are indispensable for successful clinical sequencing. We developed a cancer clinical sequencing system targeting 160 cancer genes: PleSSision‐Rapid. Through the PleSSision‐Rapid system, we have analyzed DNA quality evaluated by DIN (DNA integrity number) with 1329 formalin‐fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) samples including 477 prospectively collected tissues for genomic test (P) and 852 archival samples after routine pathological diagnosis (A1/A2). As a result, the samples with more than DIN 2.1 was 92.0% (439/477) in prospectively collected sample (P), while it was 85.6% (332/388) and 76.7% (356/464) in two types of archival samples (A1/A2). We performed the PleSSision‐Rapid sequence using the samples with over DIN 2.1 and DNA concentration >10 ng/μL with which we were able to construct a DNA library, and the probability of sequence success was almost equivalent during all types of specimen processing, at 90.7% (398/439) in (P), 92.5% (307/332) in (A1) and 90.2% (321/356) in (A2), respectively. Our result indicated the clinical benefit to prepare the prospective collection of FFPE materials for indisputable clinical sequence, and that DIN ≥ 2.1 would be a solid parameter for sample preparation of comprehensive genomic profiling tests.
Do communicators take over? Mediatization and conflicts in civil society
Authors: Mellquist Joanna 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe article investigates internal strategies and struggles in civil society organizations' (CSOs') policy advocacy work from the vantage point of policy professionals by using the concepts of field, symbolic capital, and logics. A main claim is that mediatization acts as a strategic‐tension mechanism within a CSO, putting communicators at the center of policy units, which in turn is consequential for the strategies chosen for the organization's policy work. In this way, mediatization as a process celebrates certain professionals and strategies as particularly relevant, creating frustration among employees not specializing in communication. The study identifies a trend for organizations to put more resources and influence into communication and less into actual policy analysis. This article combines research on organizational logics, policy professionals, and mediatization by drawing on 38 interviews with, and ethnographic work among, policy professionals in Sweden, Latvia, and the Netherlands.Related ArticlesSelling, Niels, and Stefan Svallfors. 2019. “The Lure of Power: Career Paths and Considerations among Policy Professionals in Sweden.” Politics & Policy 47(5): 984–1012. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12325.Svallfors, Stefan. 2016. “Out of the Golden Cage: PR and the Career Opportunities of Policy Professionals.” Politics & Policy 44(1): 56–73. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12149.Svallfors, Stefan, Erica Falkenström, Corrie Hammar, and Anna T. Höglund. 2022. “Networked Reports: Commissioning and Production of Expert Reports on Swedish Health Care Governance.” Politics & Policy 50(3): 580–97. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12462.
Internet use and agricultural productivity in rural Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Thanh‐Tung , Nguyen Trung Thanh , Grote Ulrike 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe use of the internet is growing rapidly and has become an engine for economic development. However, few studies have examined the impact of internet use on agricultural production, and the results are not yet conclusive. Employing a dataset of more than 2000 observations in rural Vietnam, our study analyses the impact of internet use on agricultural productivity using the heteroscedasticity‐based instrument approach suggested by Lewbel, Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 2012, 30, 67–80 and examines the heterogeneity and distribution of the impact using quantile regressions. Our results show that internet use has significant and positive effects on agricultural productivity. However, these effects are heterogeneous across population groups. The positive effects of internet use are stronger for households with a lower level of education, with a young and female head, and from ethnic minorities. The benefits are also found to be skewed towards the group of farmers at the bottom of the productivity distribution. Therefore, we propose facilitating the diffusion of the internet, since it not only boosts agricultural productivity, but also reduces productivity inequality. In addition, we recommend promoting rural education, supporting local markets, investing more in irrigation systems, and facilitating farm mechanisation as these factors are found to contribute to increasing agricultural productivity.
Experiences of primary care among young adults with mental illness – A systematic literature review
Authors: Lovén Wickman Ulrica , Schmidt Manuela 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundMental illness, such as depression, anxiety disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and different addictive diseases, has increased among young adults over the last decade. Mental illness is associated with distress and problems functioning in social activities. Healthcare centres, that is, primary care, serve as the first point of contact with healthcare professionals for those young adults and provide outpatient medical and nursing care covering both physical and mental illness.ObjectiveTo explore experiences of primary care among young adults with mental illness.MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted that followed the method of Bettany–Saltikov and McSherry. A keyword search was performed in various databases, and after a quality assessment 23 articles were included in the review.ResultsYoung adults' experiences from primary care are described in four categories – Facing difficulties to accept help, relational preconditions, structural and organisational hindrances and satisfaction with youth‐focused mental health interventions. Young adults with mental illness experience many difficulties in accessing and receiving proper help from primary care. Further, they did not believe in recovery from mental illness, and they also expressed a lack of mental health literacy.ConclusionWhile being the first contact with healthcare professionals, primary care needs to adjust its services to address the growing group of young adults suffering from mental illness. It is necessary to provide tailored guidelines and interventions in primary care for young adults with mental illness, and the Tidal Model may improve the contacts with young adults in primary care.