bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and efficacy of non‐invasive brain stimulation for the upper extremities in children with cerebral palsy: A systematic review
Authors: Metelski Nicole , Gu Yu , Quinn Lori , Friel Kathleen M. , Gordon Andrew M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimTo evaluate available evidence examining safety and efficacy of non‐invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) on upper extremity outcomes in children with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodWe electronically searched 12 sources up to May 2023 using JBI and Cochrane guidelines. Two reviewers selected articles with predetermined eligibility criteria, conducted data extraction, and assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias criteria.ResultsNineteen studies were included: eight using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and 11 using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Moderate certainty evidence supports the safety of rTMS and tDCS for children with CP. Very low to moderate certainty evidence suggests that rTMS and tDCS result in little to no difference in upper extremity outcomes.InterpretationEvidence indicates that NIBS is a safe and feasible intervention to target upper extremity outcomes in children with CP, although it also indicates little to no significant impact on upper extremity outcomes. These findings are discussed in relation to the heterogeneous participants’ characteristics and stimulation parameters. Larger studies of high methodological quality are required to inform future research and protocols for NIBS.
Comparison of characteristics of kick‐ and electric‐scooter‐related dental and maxillofacial injuries: A retrospective study
Authors: Kwak Misun , Mah Yon‐joo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground/AimOwing to the nearly three‐year‐long COVID‐19 pandemic, small personal transportation devices that allow for greater freedom of movement within the cities have gained attention. Therefore, the number of people using kick or electric scooters has increased. This study aimed to compare the characteristics of kick and electric scooter‐related dental and maxillofacial trauma and provide helpful information for preventing scooter accidents, appropriate treatment of patients with scooter‐related trauma, and policy establishment.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective observational study analysed the medical records of 310 patients who visited the emergency room of Ajou University Dental Hospital for kick and electric scooter‐related oral and maxillofacial injuries between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2022. Sex, age, scooter type, time, and mechanism of the accident, helmet use, alcohol consumption, dental and maxillofacial injury types, and treatment were analysed.ResultsThe average age in the kick‐scooter group (5.71 ± 4.25) was lower than that in the electric‐scooter group (28.24 ± 10.02) (p < .0001). There were more males in both groups. The helmet usage rates of the two groups were 2.80% and 7.88%, respectively. In the kick‐scooter group, periodontal damage was more common than pulp injury, while in the electric‐scooter group, pulp injury was more common than periodontal injury. There was no significant difference in soft‐tissue damage between the two groups; however, bone fractures occurred significantly more frequently in the electric‐scooter group (p < .0001).ConclusionsElectric scooters cause more crown and bone fractures than kick scooters and require more active treatment of dental and maxillofacial injuries. Riders should use protective equipment to prevent dental and maxillofacial injury. Although there are regulations related to scooters, the effectiveness of both kick‐ and electric‐scooter related laws needs to be evaluated.
Hidden diversity and evolutionary diversification in Phalloceros harpagos Lucinda (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae)
Authors: de Oliveira Isadora Janolio , Diamante Nathália Alves , Fabrin Thomaz Mansini Carrenho , Frota Augusto , da Graça Weferson Júnio , de Oliveira Alessandra Valéria , Prioli Sônia Maria Alves Pinto , Prioli Alberto José 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe distribution of Phalloceros species is generally allopatric and restricted; however, Phalloceros harpagos has a wide distribution and exhibits morphological variation among populations from different Brazilian river basins. Different species delimitation tests using cytochrome C oxidase subunit I gene sequences indicated that P. harpagos is a species complex that comprises between 7 and 9 phylogroups. The separation of the Paraná and Paraíba do Sul River basins most likely caused the diversification of these phylogroups in the Miocene period. The majority of phylogroups have a narrow distribution; however, one phylogroup has a broad distribution, being found primarily in the Paraná, Ribeira de Iguape, and Iguaçu River basins. This distribution can be attributed to possible headwater capture events caused by the reactivation of faults and erosion in the quaternary. Estimates about the times of divergence based on molecular data could be used to infer the biogeographic processes related to the diversification of South American freshwater fish.
Investigation on crack extension resistance curve of aligned steel fiber‐reinforced cement‐based composites
Authors: Qing Longbang , Zhang Yuebo , Mu Ru , Liu Jiaping 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this study, an analytical method was proposed to predict the crack extension resistance curve (KR curve) of aligned steel fiber‐reinforced cement‐based composites (ASFRC). The three‐point bending tests were carried out on notched ASFRC specimens. Based on the predicted results, the influence of size effect and fiber dosage on KR curves of ASFRC specimens was discussed. Finally, the relationship between KR curves of ASFRC and steel fiber‐reinforced cement‐based composite (SFRC) specimens was investigated. The results show that the analytical results agree well with the experimental ones. The KR curve of ASFRC specimen has size effect and increases with fiber dosage. The ASFRC specimen shows a 30% improvement in the crack extension resistance at peak load over the SFRC specimen when the fiber volume dosage is 0.8%, and the improvement becomes more pronounced with increasing fiber dosage. When the KR curves of ASFRC and SFRC specimens are the same, the fiber consumption can be reduced by at least 40%.
Exploring facilitators and barriers associated with oral care for inpatients with dysphagia post‐stroke
Authors: Curtin Claire , Barrett Anne , Burke Francis M. , McKenna Gerald , Healy Liam , Hayes Martina 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveTo explore the attitudes, facilitators and barriers in providing oral care for inpatients with dysphagia post‐stroke as perceived by healthcare professionals.BackgroundDysphagia is a common complication of stroke and is associated with a higher incidence of aspiration pneumonia, malnutrition and dehydration. In the acute phase of stroke recovery, a dental professional is not usually part of the multidisciplinary team caring for the patient and oral care is the responsibility of the healthcare professionals in the stroke unit. There is a lack of high‐quality evidence to demonstrate the most effective method of providing oral care for patients with dysphagia post‐stroke.Materials and methodsThis was a single‐site study conducted with healthcare professionals working in the Stroke Unit of Cork University Hospital in Ireland, using focus groups and a qualitative thematic analysis approach.ResultsA total of three focus groups were conducted in the Stroke Unit with 17 healthcare professionals. The focus groups included representation from all healthcare professional groups providing direct clinical care to patients on the Stroke Unit including geriatric medicine, dietetics, speech and language therapy, healthcare assistance, nursing, occupational therapy and physiotherapy. A qualitative thematic analysis was carried out and seven overarching themes emerged from the data. Three themes related to facilitators to providing oral care for this patient group: (i) a focus on oral care in both policy and practice, (ii) expanding professional roles in the provision of oral care, (iii) perceived importance of oral care in recovery and rehabilitation. Four themes related to barriers to the provision of oral care for this patient group: (i) lack of confidence and concerns related to the perceived risk for patients with dysphagia, (ii) unique challenges of patient and stroke‐related factors, (iii) lack of resources and time and (iv) perceived importance of oral care in recovery and its relative importance with competing demands.ConclusionMembers of the stroke multidisciplinary team believe that they all have a part to play in the delivery of oral care for patients with dysphagia post‐stroke. Opportunities exist for the development of multidisciplinary interventions to improve the oral cavity assessment and oral care provided in the Stroke Unit.
Root biomass and altitude jointly regulate the response of topsoil organic carbon density to severe degradation of high‐altitude alpine meadows
Authors: Li Hongqin , Geng Huimin , Zhang Zhitao , Yi Lubei , Wang Jianhao , Zhang Fawei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGrassland degradation can substantially reduce soil carbon sequestration capacity. However, the effects of grassland degradation on soil organic carbon (SOC) density remain unquantified in high‐altitude alpine meadows. In this study, the response and controlling mechanisms of topsoil (0–20 cm) organic carbon were explored in a field survey involving 11 pairs of healthy versus severely degraded plots of high‐altitude (above 4000 m) alpine meadows, as well as three short‐term (3–5 years) fencing restoration projects, across the source of the Yellow River in August of 2020 and 2021. The results showed that 0–20 cm root biomass, SOC content (SCC), and density (SCD) of healthy meadows averaged 533.7 ± 291.9 g/m2 (mean ± S.D), 21.17 ± 9.36 g/kg, and 4.54 ± 1.64 kg C/m2, respectively. Root biomass, SCC, and SCD were markedly reduced by 63.0%, 33.2%, and 17.6% in severely degraded grassland compared with healthy meadows. The SCC and SCD averaged 7.92 ± 2.21 g/kg and 2.2 ± 0.9 kg C/m2 in fencing plots, respectively, and were not significantly different from severely degraded meadows, suggesting a limited improvement in SOC from short‐term fencing restoration. Analysis of a piecewise structural equation model revealed that the effect of degradation on SCD (indicated by the difference in SCD between paired healthy and degraded meadows) was jointly regulated by the differential surface root biomass and site altitude, with a total positive effect of 0.39 and 0.26, respectively. Our findings indicate the losses of topsoil organic carbon stock caused by grassland degradation are root biomass‐ and altitude‐dependent, supporting the notion that antecedent prevention of degradation, more than subsequent restoration, should be the highest priority in the adaptive management of alpine meadows in harsh high‐altitude regions.
‘I became more aware of my actions’—A qualitative longitudinal study of a health psychological group intervention for patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome
Authors: Keurulainen Meeri , Holma Juha , Wallenius Elina , Pänkäläinen Mikko , Hintikka Jukka , Partinen Markku 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo explore myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) patients' experiences of a health psychological group intervention and its usefulness, non‐usefulness or harmfulness for illness management and adjustment.DesignA qualitative longitudinal study using inductive content analysis.MethodsSemistructured interviews were conducted with 10 adults. Interviews were conducted before the 16‐week intervention, immediately after its completion, and at 3 months after completion.ResultsParticipants reported that the intervention was useful and not harmful. The model improved their ability to cope with ME/CFS by providing them with useful information about the illness along with peer support and professional guidance. Participants reported improved illness management and adjustment, which they perceived as an outcome of achieving new ways of thinking, feeling and acting.ConclusionsParticipants viewed the health psychological approach to group intervention as meeting their needs. To achieve better illness management and adjustment, more consideration should be given to supportive interactional processes with peers and healthcare professionals.Patient or Public ContributionThe intervention was developed to meet patients' needs of finding ways to manage their illness. The research team consulted eight patients with ME/CFS and three clinical centres working with ME/CFS treatment and rehabilitation at the intervention planning stage. Their comments influenced the planning and content of the intervention as well as ethical issues that should be considered, such as potential harm to participants. All participants were informed about the theoretical foundations of the study and the principles guiding the intervention. Participants were not involved in the data analysis.Clinical Trial RegistrationNCT04151693
Poor learning or hyper‐exploration?: A commentary on Hulsbosch et al. (2023)
Authors: Pollak Yehuda 
Published: August 2023

In an outstanding paper, Hulsbosch et al. (Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2023) tested major reinforcement learning theories of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). On a reinforcement learning task, children with ADHD needed more trials to reach the criterion in the learning phase and chose the target less often in the extinction phase. These results only partially support either of the theories and may be interpreted as reflecting a general deficit in learning. Still, distinguishing between learning and decision‐making stages suggests that poor performance on reinforcement learning tasks by children with ADHD is accounted for by increased exploration or decreased choice consistency rather than deficient learning.
Endoscopic features of gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma
Authors: Matsueda Katsunori , Uedo Noriya , Kitamura Masanori , Shichijo Satoki , Maekawa Akira , Kanesaka Takashi , Takeuchi Yoji , Higashino Koji , Ishihara Ryu , Michida Tomoki , Kawano Seiji , Kawahara Yoshiro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and AimThe endoscopic features of gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma (G‐NEC) have not been clarified; therefore, they were investigated in relation to clinicopathological findings.MethodsConsecutive patients with G‐NECs who had undergone endoscopic or surgical resection at our institution between January 2005 and March 2022 were included in this retrospective study. The endoscopic and clinicopathological findings of the lesions were analyzed to provide information of diagnostic value. In addition, cases of gastric neuroendocrine tumor (G‐NET) and common‐type gastric adenocarcinoma treated in the same study period were identified to compare the endoscopic findings between each G‐NEC versus G‐NET, and G‐NEC versus common‐type gastric adenocarcinoma. Patients with common‐type gastric adenocarcinoma were matched for age, sex, tumor size, and depth of tumor invasion in 1:3 ratio.ResultsAmong 15 patients with 15 G‐NECs, submucosal tumor‐like marginal elevation (87%), adherent white coat (67%), and ulceration with a distinct border (60%) were characteristic endoscopic findings in white‐light images. Magnifying narrow‐band imaging endoscopy revealed an absent microsurface (MS) pattern plus disrupted irregular microvessel (MV) in five (71%) of seven cases with evaluable MS and MV patterns. The area with an absent MS pattern plus disrupted irregular MV corresponded to the histological finding of NEC component in all five cases. These endoscopic features were all significantly more frequent in G‐NECs than G‐NETs (n = 22) or common‐type gastric adenocarcinomas (n = 45).ConclusionsThese endoscopic features should be taken into consideration to increase the index of suspicion and to improve the accuracy of target biopsies for G‐NEC.
(Re‐)Imag(in)ing Price Trends
Authors: JIANG JINGWEN , KELLY BRYAN , XIU DACHENG 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTWe reconsider trend‐based predictability by employing flexible learning methods to identify price patterns that are highly predictive of returns, as opposed to testing predefined patterns like momentum or reversal. Our predictor data are stock‐level price charts, allowing us to extract the most predictive price patterns using machine learning image analysis techniques. These patterns differ significantly from commonly analyzed trend signals, yield more accurate return predictions, enable more profitable investment strategies, and demonstrate robustness across specifications. Remarkably, they exhibit context independence, as short‐term patterns perform well on longer time scales, and patterns learned from U.S. stocks prove effective in international markets.
Prediction of the survival of patients with advanced‐stage ovarian cancer patients undergoing interval cytoreduction with the use of computed tomography reevaluation after neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Li Jia‐Yi , Wang Rui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeTo predict ovarian cancer patients' survival by computed tomography (CT) reevaluation after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Patients and MethodsIn this retrospective single‐center cohort study, all patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer underwent platinum‐based chemotherapy followed by interval cytoreductive surgery. Assessment of abdominal and pelvic lesions before and after chemotherapy using CT scoring criteria. Meanwhile, the progression‐free survival and overall survival times were obtained. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate survival curves. Univariate analysis of continuous and categorical variables was performed for prognostic significance using the Cox proportional hazards model. Variables with p < 0.10 on univariate analysis were then included in a multivariate forward stepwise Cox regression analysis.ResultsA total of 162 patients were included, with a median age of 52 years (range, 20–72 years). One hundred seven patients (66.0%) underwent suboptimal cytoreduction, and there was no statistically significant difference in patient survival between surgical procedures (log‐rank p = 0.092). Six radiographic features were hazard factors for suboptimal cytoreduction. Four features in the postchemotherapy CT images were assigned as predictive criteria by the stepwise regression model (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.689). As compared with a higher AUC (0.713) in the model involving two clinical variables (age and postsurgery CA‐125) and two postchemotherapy CT features, the model considering the CT score changes before and after chemotherapy had the highest diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.843).ConclusionCT reevaluation after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is essential for ovarian cancer, the changes of CT feature and score are potential great tools to predict patient survival.
Estimating the Influence of Adolescents' Non‐Cognitive Skills on Awareness of Social Disaster Responses
Authors: Jang Hayun , Kim Jinho 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThis study examines the influence of 2 noncognitive skills, self‐esteem and teamwork, on social disaster response awareness among Korean adolescents. Although self‐esteem is a well‐established predictor of health‐related knowledge, the inclusion of teamwork in this study is motivated by its collective nature and its relevance to social norms.METHODSThis study used data from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey 2018 (KCYPS 2018). Sibling fixed effects models, which account for the common unobserved characteristics shared by siblings within the same family, were estimated.RESULTSConventional ordinary least square models showed that both self‐esteem and teamwork are significant predictors of social disaster response awareness (bs = .011 and .014, respectively). However, our preferred sibling fixed effects estimates revealed that the controlling for unobserved family‐level confounders attenuates the association for self‐esteem, rendering it statistically insignificant (b = .003, p = .33). Despite some attenuation, the association between teamwork and social disaster response awareness was robust to controlling for sibling fixed effects (b = .010, p < .001).CONCLUSIONSThe study's finding emphasizes the role of students' interpersonal noncognitive abilities in their social disaster response awareness. An intervention aimed at enhancing adolescents' teamwork may be effective to improve their awareness about how to respond to social disasters. Policymakers and practitioners may consider developing social disaster preparedness curricula that highlight the importance of social disaster response measures as community rules or social norms, in addition to safeguarding personal safety.
How the Rise of the Rapid Support Forces Sparked Sudan's Meteoric Descent
Authors: D'Agoôt Majak 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe processes that transitioned Sudan from a deeply securitized kleptocracy into a fledgling democracy have generated stressors that are now threatening its collapse. The country's two rival generals—Abdel Fattah al‐Burhan of the Sudan Armed Forces and Mohammed Hamden Dagalo (nom de guerre Hemedti) of the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces—have plunged Sudan into a bloodbath. Khartoum, the capital that had been an island of civility since it was ransacked by Dervishes in 1885, has been engulfed in fierce battles since the two groups turned on each other in April 2023. Unpacking the host of factors that prompted the bloody conflict is a complex task, but the rivals and their allies are the chief culprits. Once created as a means to run counterinsurgency strategy on the cheap, the Rapid Support Forces has expanded its capacity and become a major power center. Originating in Darfur as a plunder machine of the Janjaweed militias, the group outgrew its function and became a private army capable of routing overlords in quick succession. This article traces the roots of the Rapid Support Forces to demonstrate the structural factors threatening Sudan's stability.
Brain‐regulated learning for classifying on‐site hazards with small datasets
Authors: Zhou Xiaoshan , Liao Pin‐Chao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMachine vision technologies have the potential to revolutionize hazard inspection, but training machine learning models requires large labeled datasets and is susceptible to biases. The lack of robust perception capabilities in machine vision systems for construction hazard inspection poses significant safety concerns. To address this, we propose a novel method that leverages human knowledge extracted from electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings to enhance machine vision through transfer learning. By pretraining convolutional neural networks with EEG data recorded during construction hazard evaluations, we investigated three common on‐site hazard classifications using small datasets. Our results demonstrated that the proposed method resulted in improved accuracy (with an 11% increase) and enhanced rationality of machine learning predictions (as revealed by network visualization analysis). This research opens avenues for further exploration and industry applications, aiming to achieve more intelligent and human‐like artificial visual perception, ultimately enhancing safety and efficiency in automated hazard inspection.