bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Hong Kong youth epidemiological study of mental health (HK‐YES)—A population‐based psychiatric epidemiology study of youth mental health in Hong Kong: A study protocol
Authors: Wong Corine Sau‐man , Hui Christy Lai‐ming , Suen Yi‐nam , Wong Stephanie Ming‐yin , Chang Wing‐chung , Chan Sherry Kit‐wa , Lee Edwin Ho‐ming , Lui Simon Sai‐yu , Chan Kai‐tai , Wong Michael Tak‐hing , Chen Eric Yu‐hai 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimYoung people in Hong Kong have been facing numerous population‐level events over the past year, including social unrest and the COVID‐19 pandemic. Representative data concerning the mental health of youths, however, is limited. The Hong Kong Youth Epidemiological Study of Mental Health (HK‐YES) is commissioned to provide the first representative prevalence estimates and correlates of mental disorders among young people in Hong Kong. It will also examine the help‐seeking behaviours, treatment rates, quality of life, and functional outcomes of the young people. More importantly, the direct and indirect economic costs of mental disorders in youths will be estimated.MethodsA total of 4500 community‐dwelling participants aged 15–24 years from Hong Kong will be surveyed. Participants will be selected using a multistage stratified sampling design to provide representative estimates of the youth population in Hong Kong. All interviews will be conducted using computer‐assisted personal interviewing methods for assessments covering areas of psychiatric diagnoses, symptomatology, functioning, quality of life, disability, service utilization, health economic costs of mental disorders, and sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics. A population‐weighted prevalence will be estimated using survey weights. Methods such as multivariate logistic and linear regression analyses will be used to calculate the risks and odds of factors that might be associated with different mental disorders.ConclusionAs the first population‐based youth study in Hong Kong, HK‐YES collects extensive and representative data on different mental conditions and their associated factors among young people. The information gathered will be important for future planning on youth mental health services in Hong Kong and will offer the opportunity for a more meaningful comparison of data with other youth populations.
Identifying individuals at risk of developing psychosis: A systematic review of the literature in primary care services
Authors: Radez Jerica , Waite Felicity , Izon Emma , Johns Louise 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimPsychosis and related disorders are a major public health issue. Early identification and prevention for those at high risk (at‐risk‐mental‐state, ARMS) is important. General practitioners (GPs) are often the first point of contact for health services. In this review we aim to identify (1) the most common methods for identifying individuals with an ARMS in primary care, (2) the methods for improving identification of individuals with an ARMS in primary care, and (3) the most common barriers that prevent GPs from screening for individuals with an ARMS.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review (PROSPERO 42021245095) of quantitative and qualitative studies with no date restriction. Searches were performed in September 2021. Studies' quality was appraised using Mixed Methods Appraisal tool (MMAT).ResultsWe identified 16 eligible studies, and all but one provided quantitative data. Nearly two‐thirds of studies were classified as ‘medium’ quality. Employing narrative synthesis, we identified three themes relating to (1) improving GP knowledge and confidence in identifying individuals with an ARMS, (2) balancing the over‐ and under‐identification of individuals with an ARMS in primary care, and (3) supporting GPs as significant stakeholders in early diagnosis and treatment of individuals with an ARMS.ConclusionsImproved identification of individuals with an ARMS is needed. We identified various strategies, including development and implementation of identification methods (e.g., screening measures), educational interventions for GPs (e.g., workshops), and systemic interventions (e.g., simplifying referrals to secondary care, developing integrated services). When implemented successfully, these interventions may help facilitate the access to appropriate care for individuals with an ARMS.
Genetic architecture of terpene chemistry and growth traits and the impact of inbreeding on these traits in western redcedar (Thuja plicata)
Authors: Shalev Tal J. , Gamal El‐Dien Omnia , Yuen Macaire M. S. , van der Merwe Lise , Kirst Matias , Yanchuk Alvin D. , Ritland Carol , Russell John H. , Bohlmann Joerg 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWestern redcedar (WRC; Thuja plicata) is a conifer of the Pacific Northwest of North America prized for its durable and rot‐resistant wood. WRC has naturally low outcrossing rates and readily self‐fertilizes in nature. Challenges faced in WRC breeding and propagation involve selecting trees for accelerated growth while also ensuring enhanced heartwood rot resistance and resistance to ungulate browsing, as well as mitigating potential effects of inbreeding depression. Terpenes, a large and diverse class of specialized metabolites, confer both rot and browse resistance in the wood and foliage of WRC, respectively. Using a Bayesian modelling approach, we isolated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers estimated to be associated with three different foliar terpene traits and four different heartwood terpene traits, as well as two growth traits. We found that all traits were complex, being associated with between 1700 and 3600 SNPs linked with putatively causal loci, with significant polygenic components. Growth traits tended to have a larger polygenic component while terpene traits had larger major gene components; SNPs with small or polygenic effect were spread across the genome, while larger‐effect SNPs tended to be localized to specific linkage groups. To determine whether there was inbreeding depression for terpene chemistry or growth traits, we used mixed linear models for a genomic selection training population to estimate the effect of the inbreeding coefficient F on foliar terpenes, heartwood terpenes and several growth and dendrochronological traits. We did not find significant inbreeding depression for any assessed trait. We further assessed inbreeding depression across four generations of complete selfing and found that not only was inbreeding depression not significant but that selection for height growth was the only significant predictor for growth during selfing, suggesting that inbreeding depression due to selfing during operational breeding can be mitigated by increased selection intensity.
Experiences of human papillomavirus self‐sampling by women >60 years old: A qualitative study
Authors: Blomberg Karin , Hälleberg‐Nyman Maria 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) self‐sampling has shown to be acceptable and feasible across cultures and effective in reaching women who do not participate in regular cervical cancer screening. However, most of these studies have included younger women. There is a lack of knowledge of how older women reason about HPV self‐sampling.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to describe how women (>60 years old) experience the offering of self‐sampling of HPV, compared to having a sample collected by a healthcare professional.Design and ParticipantsThe study had a qualitative explorative design. Four focus group discussions were conducted with women 60–69 years old (n = 22). Data were analysed using principles of interpretive description.ResultsFive themes were identified: self‐sampling—convenient and without pain, lack of knowledge, worries related to HPV self‐sampling, need for information and taking a societal perspective.ConclusionWomen aged >60 years found that HPV self‐sampling was convenient and easy to perform. Further, they stressed the importance of being able to remain in the screening programme in advanced age and that self‐sampling could be a possible solution. This study also revealed a lack of knowledge among women in this age group regarding HPV infection, how the disease is transmitted and its relation to cervical cancer.Public ContributionWomen who had performed HPV self‐sampling participated in the focus group discussion.
Evaluation oncotype DX® 21‐gene recurrence score and clinicopathological parameters: a single institutional experience
Authors: Lashen Ayat , Toss Michael S , Fadhil Wakkas , Oni Georgette , Madhusudan Srinivasan , Rakha Emad 
Published: January 2023

AimsOncotype DX recurrence score (RS) is a clinically validated assay, which predicts the likelihood of disease recurrence in oestrogen receptor‐positive/HER2‐negative (ER+/HER2−) breast cancer (BC). In this study we aimed to compare the performance of Oncotype DX against the conventional clinicopathological parameters using a large BC cohort diagnosed in a single institution.Methods and resultsA cohort (n = 430) of ER+/HER2− BC patients who were diagnosed at the Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and had Oncotype DX testing was included. Correlation with the clinicopathological and other biomarkers, including the proliferation index, was analysed. The median Oncotype DX RS was 17.5 (range = 0–69). There was a significant association between high RS and grade 3 tumours. No grade 1 BC or grade 2 tumours with mitosis score 1 showed high RS. Low RS was significantly associated with special tumour types where none of the patients with classical lobular or tubular carcinomas had a high RS. There was an inverse association between RS and levels of ER and progesterone receptor (PR) expression and a positive linear correlation with Ki67 labelling index. Notably, six patients who developed recurrence had an intermediate RS; however, four of these six cases (67%) were identified as high‐risk disease when the conventional clinical and molecular parameters were considered.ConclusionOncotype DX RS is correlated strongly with the conventional clinicopathological parameters in BC. Some tumour features such as tumour grade, type, PR status and Ki67 index can be used as surrogate markers in certain scenarios.
A formulation design and preparation of gold‐free purple of Cassius based on the doped malayaite
Authors: Wu Guohua , Jiang Haiyun , Li Jiacheng , Zhang Weiran , Wu Ruomei , Zhang Weili 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMalayaite (CaSnSiO5) doped with Cr may be used as a cheap gold‐free purple red pigment to substitute the purple of Cassius. Different molar ratios of Ca/Sn malayaite doped with Cr were prepared and various characrizations were employed. The results indicate that the pigment is composed of CaSnSiO5 and SnO2 when the molar ratio of Ca/Sn is 0.8, and the color is close to agate red color. When the molar ratio of Ca/Sn is 1.25, the phases CaSnSiO5, SnO2, and Ca3SnSi2O9 exist simultaneously, while the color is yellow or yellowish colors. Excessive Ca(II) increases the normal calcination temperature of pigment, from 1080°C to 1130°C. The distribution of chromium ions on the sample surface varies greatly with the change in Ca/Sn molar ratio. The theoretical formulation was obtained based on the stoichiometric formula of CaCrxSn1–xSiO5 by using response surface methodology (RSM). According to the RSM model, the relationship between the molar ratio of Cr/Sn/Ca and the color property was established. The desired pigment formulation (rendering agate red) color is that the molar ratio of Cr/Sn/Ca is 0.010:1.003:0.800. The accuracy of the models was confirmed with analysis of variance, the simulation results were verified again by experiments.
Influence of additive contents on the properties of SiC ceramic membranes and their performance in oil‐water separation
Authors: Das Dulal , Kayal Nijhuma 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe high processing cost is the key challenge for the economic industrial use of SiC membrane The aim of this research was to fabricate mullite bonded porous SiC ceramic membrane at low temperature from novel combinations of fly ash and alumina (FA) in weight ratio 44.5:55.5 as sintering additives. The influences of FA and pore former content on the porosity, morphology, crystalline phase composition, mechanical performance, permeability properties were investigated. The membrane prepared at 1300°C using 20 wt% FA showed pure water permeability 3690 Lm−2h−1bar−1 and exhibited high oil removal efficiency of ∼ 98% from the synthetic oil‐water emulsion having oil concentration of 1000 mg/L. The corrosion behaviour of silicon carbide membrane in the strong acid and alkali solution and its mechanism were investigated. The utilization of fly ash successfully reduced the raw material cost and sintering temperature and the use of alumina reduced the amount of oxidation of SiC as well as increased the amount of mullite bond phase which resulted excellent mechanical strength to the final ceramics.
Nursing workforce characteristics and effect on life expectancy and under‐five mortality in the ASEAN
Authors: Koy Virya , Yunibhand Jintana , Henker Richard , Bircher Nicholas , Miner Laurel , Prak Manila , Deslandes Brittney 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimTo assess the effects of the nursing workforce and advanced nursing practice on the outcomes of patients and life expectancy, including mortality rates of under‐five children in Cambodia, and to develop policy recommendations to increase the influence of the nursing workforce.BackgroundIn low–middle‐income nations, life expectancy and under‐five mortality are important measures of public health. However, there is still a dearth of literature related to the nursing workforce in Southeast Asia.MethodThe authors retrieved the data from the World Nursing Report produced by the World Health Organization 2020 for 10 member states. The transparent reporting of a multivariable prediction model for individual prognosis or diagnosis checklist has guided this study. The univariate linear regression model was applied to categorize the potential predictors for each outcome assessment. In addition, the Spearman rank correlation test was selected to assess the potential predictors, and a multivariate statistical analysis was carried out for each of the five outcomes.ResultsAccording to the study's findings, nurse density and advanced practice nursing improve both female and male life expectancy. The existence of advanced nursing roles is associated with decreased under‐five mortality.ConclusionsThere are great opportunities to improve the nursing workforce within Cambodia and other Association of Southeast Asian Nations member states to increase patient outcomes. Investment in nursing is essential for improved patient outcomes.Implications for nursing and health policyHealth policy investments in these projects and future initiatives intended to advance nurse density, education, and practice are based on this study's results. Policy initiatives should focus on increasing density because nursing appears to impact life expectancy and other outcomes.
Longevity of teeth in patients susceptible to periodontitis: Clinical outcomes and risk factors associated with tooth loss after active therapy and 30 years of supportive periodontal care
Authors: Agudio Giancarlo , Buti Jacopo , Bonaccini Daniele , Pini Prato Giovanpaolo , Cortellini Pierpaolo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAim(i) To evaluate the efficacy of active periodontal therapy supplemented by supportive periodontal care (SPC) in retaining dentition during a 30‐year follow‐up period in patients susceptible to periodontitis, and (ii) to assess the prognostic factors associated with tooth loss.Materials and MethodsOne‐hundred and fifty‐four patients with periodontitis, retrospectively classified as stage I–IV and grade B–C periodontitis, treated between 1984 and 1986 in a private practice, were enrolled in this study. After periodontal assessment, patients received non‐surgical treatment followed by surgical periodontal therapy, orthodontic treatment, and tooth‐splinting, where appropriate. SPC consisted of a strict recall programme every 3–6 months over a 30‐year period. Recurrences were treated either with subgingival root planing or flap surgery. Dental and periodontal variables were measured at baseline (T0), end of active therapy (T1), and after 25 (T2) and 30 (T3) years. Generalized mixed models were analysed to assess the prognostic factors associated with and survival analyses for tooth loss.ResultsData on 154 patients (4083 teeth) were available at baseline (T0). Teeth considered unworthy of treatment were extracted during active therapy (160, 3.9%) and at re‐assessment (13, 0.3%; T1). After 25 years of SPC, 140 teeth out of 3910 in 154 patients (3.6%) were lost (24 in 18 patients for periodontal reasons). Between 25 and 30 years, 20 patients (482 teeth) dropped out, and 61 teeth (2%) were lost (15 in 14 patients for periodontal reasons). Overall, 201 teeth (5.1%) were lost (39 for periodontal reasons) in 30 years of SPC. Generalized mixed models showed that stage III or stage IV periodontitis was associated with greater tooth loss during SPC compared to stage I or stage II (OR = 2.10; p = .048). Generalized periodontitis showed a statistically significant OR = 3.24 (p = .016) compared to the localized one. In SPC (T1–T3), age (p = .011), gender (male; p = .038), molar teeth (p = < .001), T0 and T1 pocket depth (p = < .001), tooth mobility grades 2 (p = .018) and 3 (p = .050), T0 and T1 bone loss (p = < .001), and presence of a root canal treatment (p = < .001) and a crown (p = .009) were statistically significantly associated with tooth loss.Conclusion(i) Periodontal therapy and a stringent SPC are effective in maintaining most of the teeth in patients with moderate/advanced periodontitis for 30 years, and (ii) age, gender, molar teeth, pocket depth, bone loss, and the presence of a root canal treatment and a crown are prognostic factors associated with tooth loss.
Barriers to palliative care in hepatocellular carcinoma: A review of the literature
Authors: Abasseri Mostafa , Hoque Shakira , Slavica Kochovska BA , Caldwell Kim , Sheahan Linda , Zekry Amany 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a deadly and burdensome form of liver cancer with an increasing global prevalence. Its course is unpredictable as it frequently occurs in the context of underlying end‐stage liver disease, and the associated symptoms and adverse effects of treatment cause severe suffering for patients. Palliative care (PC) is a medical specialty that addresses the physical, emotional, and spiritual needs of patients and their carers in the context of life‐limiting illness. In other cancers, a growing body of evidence has demonstrated that the early introduction of PC at diagnosis improves patient and carer outcomes. Despite this, the integration of palliative care at the diagnosis of HCC remains suboptimal, as patients usually receive PC only at the very terminal phase of their disease, even when diagnosed early. Significant barriers to the uptake of palliative care in the treatment algorithm of hepatocellular carcinoma fall under four main themes: data limitations, disease, clinician, and patient factors. Barriers relating to data limitations mainly encapsulated the risk of bias inherent in published work in the field of PC. Clinician‐reported barriers related to negative attitudes towards PC and a lack of time for PC discussions. Barriers related to the disease align with prognostic uncertainty due to the unpredictable course of HCC. Significantly, there exists a paucity of evidence exploring patient‐perceived barriers to timely PC implementation in HCC. Given that patients are often the underrepresented stakeholder in the delivery of PC, future research should explore the patient perspective in adequately designed qualitative studies as the first step.
A pair of G‐type lectin receptor‐like kinases modulates nlp20‐mediated immune responses by coupling to the RLP23 receptor complex
Authors: Bao Yazhou , Li Yixin , Chang Qin , Chen Rubin , Wang Weijie , Zhang Qian , Chen Shuxian , Xu Guangyuan , Wang Xiaodan , Cui Fuhao , Dou Daolong , Liang Xiangxiu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPlant cells recognize microbial patterns with the plasma‐membrane‐localized pattern‐recognition receptors consisting mainly of receptor kinases (RKs) and receptor‐like proteins (RLPs). RKs, such as bacterial flagellin receptor FLS2, and their downstream signaling components have been studied extensively. However, newly discovered regulatory components of RLP‐mediated immune signaling, such as the nlp20 receptor RLP23, await identification. Unlike RKs, RLPs lack a cytoplasmic kinase domain, instead recruiting the receptor‐like kinases (RLKs) BAK1 and SOBIR1. SOBIR1 specifically works as an adapter for RLP‐mediated immunity. To identify new regulators of RLP‐mediated signaling, we looked for SOBIR1‐binding proteins (SBPs) in Arabidopsis thaliana using protein immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, identifying two G‐type lectin RLKs, SBP1 and SBP2, that physically interacted with SOBIR1. SBP1 and SBP2 showed high sequence similarity, were tandemly repeated on chromosome 4, and also interacted with both RLP23 and BAK1. sbp1 sbp2 double mutants obtained via CRISPR‐Cas9 gene editing showed severely impaired nlp20‐induced reactive oxygen species burst, mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, and defense gene expression, but normal flg22‐induced immune responses. We showed that SBP1 regulated nlp20‐induced immunity in a kinase activity‐independent manner. Furthermore, the nlp20‐induced the RLP23–BAK1 interaction, although not the flg22‐induced FLS2–BAK1 interaction, was significantly reduced in sbp1 sbp2. This study identified SBPs as new regulatory components in RLP23 receptor complex that may specifically modulate RLP23‐mediated immunity by positively regulating the interaction between the RLP23 receptor and the BAK1 co‐receptor.
Experimental approaches for altering the expression of Abeta‐degrading enzymes
Authors: Loeffler David A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCerebral clearance of amyloid β‐protein (Aβ) is decreased in early‐onset and late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ is cleared from the brain by enzymatic degradation and by transport out of the brain. More than 20 Aβ‐degrading enzymes have been described. Increasing the degradation of Aβ offers an opportunity to decrease brain Aβ levels in AD patients. This review discusses the direct and indirect approaches which have been used in experimental systems to alter the expression and/or activity of Aβ‐degrading enzymes. Also discussed are the enzymes' regulatory mechanisms, the conformations of Aβ they degrade, where in the scheme of Aβ production, extracellular release, cellular uptake, and intracellular degradation they exert their activities, and changes in their expression and/or activity in AD and its animal models. Most of the experimental approaches require further confirmation. Based upon each enzyme's effects on Aβ (some of the enzymes also possess β‐secretase activity and may therefore promote Aβ production), its direction of change in AD and/or its animal models, and the Aβ conformation(s) it degrades, investigating the effects of increasing the expression of neprilysin in AD patients would be of particular interest. Increasing the expression of insulin‐degrading enzyme,endothelin‐converting enzyme‐1,endothelin‐converting enzyme‐2,tissue plasminogen activator,angiotensin‐converting enzyme,and presequence peptidase would also be of interest. Increasing matrix metalloproteinase‐2, matrix metalloproteinase‐9, cathepsin‐B, and cathepsin‐D expression would be problematic because of possible damage by the metalloproteinases to the blood brain barrier and the cathepsins' β‐secretase activity. Many interventions which increase the enzymatic degradation of Aβ have been shown to decrease AD‐type pathology in experimental models. If a safe approach can be found to increase the expression or activity of selected Aβ‐degrading enzymes in human subjects, then the possibility that this approach could slow the AD progression should be examined in clinical trials.image