bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Signal‐Tailored Hydrogel Microspheres Recruit and Train Stem Cells for Precise Differentiation
Authors: Chen Zehao , Lv Zhendong , Zhuang Yaping , Saiding Qimanguli , Yang Wu , Xiong Wei , Zhang Zhen , Chen Hao , Cui Wenguo , Zhang Yuhui 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe aberrant mechanical microenvironment in degenerated tissues induces misdirection of cell fate, making it challenging to achieve efficient endogenous regeneration. Herein, a hydrogel microsphere‐based synthetic niche with integrated cell recruitment and targeted cell differentiation properties via mechanotransduction is constructed . Through the incorporation of microfluidics and photo‐polymerization strategies, fibronectin (Fn) modified methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) microspheres are prepared with the independently tunable elastic modulus (1–10Kpa) and ligand density (2 and 10 µg mL−1), allowing a wide range of cytoskeleton modulation to trigger the corresponding mechanobiological signaling. The combination of the soft matrix (2Kpa) and low ligand density (2 µg mL−1) can support the nucleus pulposus (NP)‐like differentiation of intervertebral disc (IVD) progenitor/stem cells by translocating Yes‐associated protein (YAP), without the addition of inducible biochemical factors. Meanwhile, platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB (PDGF‐BB) is loaded onto Fn‐GelMA microspheres (PDGF@Fn‐GelMA) via the heparin‐binding domain of Fn to initiate endogenous cell recruitment. In in vivo experiments, hydrogel microsphere‐niche maintained the IVD structure and stimulated matrix synthesis. Overall, this synthetic niche with cell recruiting and mechanical training capabilities offered a promising strategy for endogenous tissue regeneration.
Multifunctional Magnetic Oxide‐MoS2 Heterostructures on Silicon
Authors: Yang Allen Jian , Wu Liang , Liu Yanran , Zhang Xinyu , Han Kun , Huang Ying , Li Shengyao , Loh Xian Jun , Zhu Qiang , Su Rui , Nan Ce‐Wen , Renshaw Wang Xiao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCorrelated oxides and related heterostructures are intriguing for developing future multifunctional devices by exploiting their exotic properties, but their integration with other materials, especially on Si‐based platforms, is challenging. Here, van der Waals heterostructures of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) , a correlated manganite perovskite, and MoS2 are demonstrated on Si substrates with multiple functions. To overcome the problems due to the incompatible growth process, technologies involving freestanding LSMO membranes and van der Waals force‐mediated transfer are used to fabricate the LSMO‐MoS2 heterostructures. The LSMO‐MoS2 heterostructures exhibit a gate‐tunable rectifying behavior, based on which metal‐semiconductor field‐effect transistors (MESFETs) with on‐off ratios of over 104 can be achieved. The LSMO‐MoS2 heterostructures can function as photodiodes displaying considerable open‐circuit voltages and photocurrents. In addition, the colossal magnetoresistance of LSMO endows the LSMO‐MoS2 heterostructures with an electrically tunable magnetoresponse at room temperature. This work not only proves the applicability of the LSMO‐MoS2 heterostructure devices on Si‐based platform but also demonstrates a paradigm to create multifunctional heterostructures from materials with disparate properties.
Multienzyme‐Mimicking LaCoO3 Nanotrigger for Programming Cancer‐Cell Pyroptosis
Authors: Xu Ke , Chang Meiqi , Wang Zeyu , Yang Haitang , Jia Yunxuan , Xu Weijiao , Zhao Baicheng , Chen Yu , Yao Feng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPyroptosis, a distinct paradigm of programmed cell death, is an efficient strategy against cancer by overcoming resistance to apoptosis. In this study, LaCoO3 (LCO) lanthanide‐based nanocrystals with multienzyme characteristics are rationally designed and engineered to trigger the generation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the release of lanthanum ions, ultimately inducing lung cancer cell pyroptosis. The peroxidase‐ and oxidase‐mimicking activities of LCO nanocrystals endow LCO with ROS production capacity in tumor tissues with an acidic pH and high hydrogen peroxide content. Concurrently, the LCO nanoenzyme exhibits catalase‐ and glutathione peroxidase‐like activities, reversing the hypoxic microenvironment, destroying the activated antioxidant system of tumor cells, and amplifying the sensitivity of tumor cells to ROS. The use of ultrasound further accelerates the enzymatic kinetic rate. Most importantly, the La3+ ions released by LCO robustly destroy the lysosomal membrane, finally inducing canonical pyroptotic cell death, together with ROS. LCO‐nanocrystal‐triggered programmed cell pyroptosis amplifies the therapeutic effects both in vitro and in vivo, effectively restraining lung cancer growth and metastasis. This study paves a new avenue for the efficient treatment of lung cancer and metastasis through US‐enhanced lanthanum‐based nanoenzyme platforms and pyroptotic cell death.
Optical Fibers Embedded with As‐Grown Carbon Nanotubes for Ultrahigh Nonlinear Optical Responses
Authors: Xiao Qi , Xie Jin , Yao Guangjie , Lin Kaifeng , Zhang Hao‐Li , Qian Liu , Liu Kaihui , Zhang Jin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPhotonic crystal fiber (PCF) embedded with functional materials has demonstrated diverse applications ranging from ultrafast lasers, optical communication to chemical sensors. Many efforts have been made to fabricating carbon nanotube (CNT) based optical fibers by ex situ transfer method; however, often suffer poor uniformity and coverage. Here, the direct growth of CNTs on the inner walls of PCFs by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method is reported. A two‐step growth method is developed to control the narrow diameter distribution of CNTs to ensure desirable nanotube optical transitions. In the as‐fabricated CNT‐ embedded fiber, third‐harmonic generation (THG) has been enhanced by ≈15 times compared with flat CNT film on fused silica. A dual‐wavelength all‐fiber mode‐locked ultrafast laser (≈1561 and ≈1064 nm) is further demonstrated by integrating the 1.36±0.15 nm‐diameter CNTs into two kinds of photonic bandgap hollow core PCF (named HC‐1550 and HC‐1060) as saturable absorbers, using their S11 (≈0.7 eV) and S22 (≈1.2 eV) interband transition respectively. The fiber laser shows stable output of ≈10 mW, ≈800 fs pulse width, and ≈71 MHz repetition rate at 1561 nm wavelength. These results can enable the large‐scale applications of CNTs in PCF‐based optical devices.
A Semi‐Crystalline Polymer Semiconductor with Thin Film Stretchability Exceeding 200%
Authors: Kim Yejin , Ahn Hyungju , Yoo Dahyeon , Sung Mingi , Yoo Hyeonjin , Park Sohee , Lee Junghoon , Lee Byoung Hoon 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDespite the emerging scientific interest in polymer‐based stretchable electronics, the trade‐off between the crystallinity and stretchability of intrinsically stretchable polymer semiconductors—charge‐carrier mobility increases as crystallinity increases while stretchability decreases—hinders the development of high‐performance stretchable electronics. Herein, a highly stretchable polymer semiconductor is reported that shows concurrently improved thin film crystallinity and stretchability upon thermal annealing. The polymer thin films annealed at temperatures higher than their crystallization temperatures exhibit substantially improved thin film stretchability (> 200%) and hole mobility (≥ 0.2 cm2 V−1 s−1). The simultaneous enhancement of the crystallinity and stretchability is attributed to the thermally‐assisted structural phase transition that allows the formation of edge‐on crystallites and reinforces interchain noncovalent interactions. These results provide new insights into how the current crystallinity–stretchability limitation can be overcome. Furthermore, the results will facilitate the design of high‐mobility stretchable polymer semiconductors for high‐performance stretchable electronics.
Artificial Intelligence Guided Thermoelectric Materials Design and Discovery
Authors: Han Guangshuai , Sun Yixuan , Feng Yining , Lin Guang , Lu Na 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMaterials discovery from the infinite earth repository is a major bottleneck for revolutionary technological progress. This labor‐intensive and time‐consuming process hinders the discovery of new materials. Although machine learning techniques show an excellent capability for speeding up materials discovery, obtaining effective material feature representations is still challenging, and making a precise prediction of the material properties is still tricky. This work focuses on developing an automatic material design and discovery framework enabled by data‐driven artificial intelligence (AI) models. Multiple types of material descriptors are first developed to promote the representation and encoding of the materials’ uniqueness, resulting in improved performance for different molecular properties predictions. The material's thermoelectric (TE) properties prediction is then utilized as a baseline to demonstrate the investigation logistic. The proposed framework achieves more than 90% accuracy for predicting materials' TE properties. Furthermore, the developed AI models identify 6 promising p‐type TE materials and 8 promising n‐type TE materials. The prediction results are evaluated by density functional theory calculations and agree with the material's TE property provided by experimental results. The proposed framework is expected to accelerate the design and discovery of the new functional materials.
Neural‐Network Potential Simulation of Defect Formation Induced by Knock‐On Irradiation Damage in GaN
Authors: Song Chengzhen , Jiang Lilai , Wu Yu‐Ning , Chen Shiyou 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the irradiation damage mechanisms of GaN is of great importance for improving irradiation resistance and the ion implantation processes of GaN‐based devices. The understanding of the damage mechanisms, which are normally simulated using molecular dynamics (MD), is bottlenecked by the dilemma that ab initio MD is limited by relatively high computational cost, whereas classical MD suffers from low accuracy. In this paper, a global neural network (G‐NN) potential is constructed for GaN using random stochastic surface walking global optimization combined with global neural network potential (SSW‐NN). By benchmarking the properties of intrinsic defects and defect‐pairs, as well as the threshold displacement energies along different crystallographic directions, this potential is found to provide accuracy similar to ab initio calculations. Furthermore, based on the large‐scale simulations of the knock‐on process, Ga and N vacancies, as well as N interstitials are found to be the major generated defects, whereas only Ga vacancies are predicted in the previous device simulation studies that have been widely recognized. This potential provides an efficient and accurate tool to gain a fundamental understanding of the irradiation damage mechanisms of GaN and refine the parameters in the related device simulations.
Observation of the Unidirectional Magnetoresistance in Antiferromagnetic Insulator Fe2O3/Pt Bilayers
Authors: Fan Yihong , Zhang Pengxiang , Han Jiahao , Lv Yang , Liu Luqiao , Wang Jian‐Ping 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUnidirectional magnetoresistance (UMR) has been observed in a variety of stacks with ferromagnetic/spin Hall material bilayer structures. In this work, UMR in antiferromagnetic insulator Fe2O3/Pt structure is reported. The UMR has a negative value, which is related to interfacial Rashba coupling and band splitting. Thickness‐dependent measurement reveals a potential competition between UMR and the unidirectional spin Hall magnetoresistance (USMR). This work reveals the existence of UMR in antiferromagnetic insulators/heavy metal bilayers and broadens the way for the application of antiferromagnet‐based spintronic devices.
Bio‐Physicochemical Dual Energy Harvesting Fabrics for Self‐Sustainable Smart Electronic Suits
Authors: Park Jiwon , Chang Sang‐Mi , Shin Joonchul , Oh In Woo , Lee Dong‐Gyu , Kim Hyun Soo , Kang Heemin , Park Yong Seok , Hur Sunghoon , Kang Chong‐Yun , Baik Jeong Min , Jang Ji‐Soo , Song Hyun‐Cheol 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDespite the rapid development of various wearable generators to harvest energy from human activity, they are limited to single or intermittent power generation. Here, stretchable and washable energy harvesting fabric is reported, which enables biomechanical and biochemical generation through co‐weaving triboelectric generator (TEG) and perspiration electric generator (PEG)‐based fibers. The two energy harvesting approaches can work individually or simultaneously, thereby combating humidity and increasing the electrical output. The maximum output power density of TEG‐ and PEG‐based fibers can achieve 166 and 5.4 µW cm−2, respectively. The woven‐structured patch‐type energy harvester is conformable with clothing. It can harvest energy from human movements and sweat to drive the wearable Internet of Things (IoT) without charging systems. This synergistic and complementary energy harvester can provide a viable standalone power source relying solely on human activity for wearable electronics.
Residue removal and nitrogen cycling in burn and non‐burn Kentucky bluegrass seed production systems
Authors: Holman Johnathon D. , Johnson‐Maynard Jodi , Assefa Yared 
Published: May 2023

AbstractKentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensisL.) postharvest residue in northern Idaho has historically been burned to maintain stand life and profitability. Alternatives to open field burning are necessary to reduce adverse impacts of burning on air quality and several have been proposed. However, limited information is available on the impact of residue management on residue removal and nitrogen cycling. In this study, the impact of residue management on residue nutrient dynamics and nitrogen availability was evaluated within replicated full load burn (FLB), bale then burn (BB), bale then mow then harrow (BMH), and system (SYST) (BMH year 1, BB year 2, and FLB year 3) plots in Kootenai County, ID from 2002 to 2006. Standing and non‐standing residues were measured immediately following grass seed harvest and periodically thereafter in each plot. Averaged across years, non‐standing residue (thatch) removal ranged from −13% in BMH to 61% in FLB, and removal of standing biomass ranged from 6% in BMH to 92% in FLB. The combined removal of both non‐standing and standing residue was 18% with BMH, 57% with SYST, 69% with BB, and 75% with FLB. Plant N uptake ranged from 53 kg N ha−1in FLB in 2006 to 131 in SYST (BMH) in 2003 and nitrogen use efficiency, calculated using partial factor productivity formula, ranged from 0.6 to 5.8 kg bluegrass seed per kg N fertilizer. Mean NO3−–N concentrations from lysimeters 10‐cm deep were 14 mg NO3−–N L−1in FLB, 12 mg NO3−–N L−1in BB, and 6 mg NO3−–N L−1in BMH treatments for years 2003–2006. Greater concentrations of NO3−–N in burn treatments were available for plant uptake or leaching compared to the BMH treatment. The data indicate that the efficacy of any residue management system will vary from year to year and impact seed production in the following year. Nitrogen availability varied across residue management systems, suggesting N fertilizer product, rate, and timing to optimize N use efficiency may also need to vary.
TOPORS as a novel causal gene for Joubert syndrome
Authors: Strong Alanna , Qu Hui‐Qi , Cullina Sinéad , McManus Morgan L. , Zackai Elaine H. , Glessner Joseph , Kenny Eimear E. , Hakonarson Hakon 
Published: May 2023

AbstractJoubert syndrome (JBTS) is a Mendelian disorder of the primary cilium defined by the clinical triad of hypotonia, developmental delay, and a distinct cerebellar malformation called the molar tooth sign. JBTS is inherited in an autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, or X‐linked recessive manner. Though over 40 genes have been identified as causal for JBTS, molecular diagnosis is not made in 30%–40% of individuals who meet clinical criteria. TOPORS encodes topoisomerase I‐binding arginine/serine‐rich protein, and homozygosity for a TOPORS missense variant (c.29C > A; p.(Pro10Gln)) was identified in individuals with the ciliopathy oral‐facial‐digital syndrome in two families of Dominican descent. Here, we report an additional proband of Dominican ancestry with JBTS found by exome sequencing to be homozygous for the identical p.(Pro10Gln) TOPORS missense variant. Query of the Mount Sinai BioMe biobank, which includes 1880 individuals of Dominican ancestry, supports a high carrier frequency of the TOPORS p.(Pro10Gln) variant in individuals of Dominican descent. Our data nominates TOPORS as a novel causal gene for JBTS and suggests that TOPORS variants should be considered in the differential of ciliopathy‐spectrum disease in individuals of Dominican ancestry.
Stereoselective Construction of Tertiary Alcohol at C11 of Zetekitoxin AB
Authors: Nureki Ayato , Adachi Kanna , Ishizuka Hayate , Maeno Kako , Orihara Yayoi , Odagi Minami , Yotsu‐Yamashita Mari , Nagasawa Kazuo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe paralytic shellfish toxin saxitoxin (STX) is a guanidine alkaloid that potently inhibits voltage‐gated sodium channels (NaV). Among STX analogs so far reported, zetexitoxin AB (ZTX), isolated from the poison dart frog, exhibits the most potent inhibitory activity. ZTX has a macrocyclic lactam structure with a tertiary alcohol at C11. Here, we describe the construction of the characteristic structure of ZTX at C11, focusing on the C−C bond and tertiary hydroxyl group, via two approaches, i. e., Mukaiyama‐hydration reaction and 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition. The latter approach also enabled introduction of the nitrogen group at C15. The synthesized compounds functionalized at C11 were further converted to STX‐type derivatives, and their NaV‐inhibitory activity was evaluated. STX derivatives with a C11β‐hydroxyl group exhibited more potent inhibitory activity (EC50=160±15 nM) than the C11α derivatives.
Atroposelective Synthesis of Axially Chiral Styrenes by Platinum‐ Catalyzed Stereoselective Hydrosilylation of Internal Alkynes
Authors: Wu Qimin , Zhang Qi , Yin Shuxin , Lin Aijun , Gao Shang , Yao Hequan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHydrofunctionalization of alkynes is one of the most efficient ways to access axially chiral styrenes with open‐chained olefins. While great advances have been achieved for 1‐alkynylnaphthalen‐2‐ols and analogues, atroposelective hydrofunctionalization of unactivated internal alkynes lags. Herein we reported a platinum‐catalyzed atroposelective hydrosilylation of unactivated internal alkynes for the first time. With monodentate TADDOL‐derived phosphonite L1 used as a chiral ligand, various axially chiral styrenes were achieved in excellent enantioselectivities with high E‐selectivities. Control experiments showed that the NH‐arylamide groups have significant effects on both the yields and enantioselectivities and could act as directing groups. The potential utilities of the products were shown by the transformations of the amide motifs of the products.
Mechanical properties and influence mechanism of hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene propellant under confining pressure
Authors: Li Hui , Wang Ting‐yu , Chen Xiong , Guo Zong‐tao , Song Qi‐xuan , Niu Gong‐jie , Xu Jin‐sheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo better understand the mechanical properties and influence mechanism of hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) propellant under various confining pressures, the uniaxial tension tests with low to medium strain rate and various confining pressures were carried out. The coupling effects of strain rate and confining pressure on mechanical properties were presented. Meanwhile, the confining pressure influence mechanism was analyzed and revealed using the meso numerical simulation method and scanning electron microscopy images of fracture surfaces. The meso damage evolution processes under various confining pressures were presented. The results show that strain rate and confining pressure affect mechanical responses of HTPB propellant significantly. As confining pressure increases, the maximum tension strength and fracture strength increase. The maximum tension strain and failure strain vary slightly with confining pressure under low strain rate, while they increase significantly with confining pressure at medium strain rate. The fracture energy density increases with the increase of strain rate and confining pressure. Meanwhile, the value of saturation pressure depends on strain rate. The confining pressure influence mechanism is to suppress dewetting damage initiation and evolution. Besides, the failure mode of HTPB propellant under different confining pressures is still particles dewetting.
Shared and Distinctive Transcriptomic and Proteomic Pathways in Adult and Juvenile Dermatomyositis
Authors: Ward James M. , Ambatipudi Mythri , O'Hanlon Terrance P. , Smith Michael A. , de Los Reyes Melissa , Schiffenbauer Adam , Rahman Saifur , Zerrouki Kamelia , Miller Frederick W. , Sanjuan Miguel A. , Li Jian‐Liang , Casey Kerry A. , Rider Lisa G. 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveTranscript and protein expression were interrogated to examine gene locus and pathway regulation in the peripheral blood of active adult dermatomyositis (DM) and juvenile DM patients receiving immunosuppressive therapies.MethodsExpression data from 14 DM and 12 juvenile DM patients were compared to matched healthy controls. Regulatory effects at the transcript and protein level were analyzed by multi‐enrichment analysis for assessment of affected pathways within DM and juvenile DM.ResultsExpression of 1,124 gene loci were significantly altered at the transcript or protein levels across DM or juvenile DM, with 70 genes shared. A subset of interferon‐stimulated genes was elevated, including CXCL10, ISG15, OAS1, CLEC4A, and STAT1. Innate immune markers specific to neutrophil granules and neutrophil extracellular traps were up‐regulated in both DM and juvenile DM, including BPI, CTSG, ELANE, LTF, MPO, and MMP8. Pathway analysis revealed up‐regulation of PI3K/AKT, ERK, and p38 MAPK signaling, whose central components were broadly up‐regulated in DM, while peripheral upstream and downstream components were differentially regulated in both DM and juvenile DM. Up‐regulated components shared by DM and juvenile DM included cytokine:receptor pairs LGALS9:HAVCR2, LTF/NAMPT/S100A8/HSPA1A:TLR4, CSF2:CSF2RA, EPO:EPOR, FGF2/FGF8:FGFR, several Bcl‐2 components, and numerous glycolytic enzymes. Pathways unique to DM included sirtuin signaling, aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling, protein ubiquitination, and granzyme B signaling.ConclusionThe combination of proteomics and transcript expression by multi‐enrichment analysis broadened the identification of up‐ and down‐regulated pathways among active DM and juvenile DM patients. These pathways, particularly those which feed into PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling and neutrophil degranulation, may be potential therapeutic targets.
image