bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Grammar Conveys Meaning: Language-Specific Spatial Encoding Patterns and Cross-Language Commonality in Higher-Order Neural Space
Authors: Wang Jing , Lin Hui , Cai Qing 
Published: September 2023

Languages come in different forms but have shared meanings to convey. Some meanings are expressed by sentence structure and morphologic inflections rather than content words, such as indicating time frame using tense. This fMRI study investigates whether there is cross-language common representation of grammatical meanings that can be identified from neural signatures in the bilingual human brain. Based on the representations in intersentence neural similarity space, identifying grammatical construction of a sentence in one language by models trained on the other language resulted in reliable accuracy. By contrast, cross-language identification of grammatical construction by spatially matched activation patterns was only marginally accurate. Brain locations representing grammatical meaning in the two languages were interleaved in common regions bilaterally. The locations of voxels representing grammatical features in the second language were more varied across individuals than voxels representing the first language. These findings suggest grammatical meaning is represented by language-specific activation patterns, which is different from lexical semantics. Commonality of grammatical meaning is neurally reflected only in the interstimulus similarity space.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWhether human brain encodes sentence-level meanings beyond content words in different languages similarly has been a long-standing question. We characterize the neural representations of similar grammatical meanings in different languages. Using complementary analytic approaches on fMRI data, we show that the same grammatical meaning is neurally represented as the common pattern of neural distances between sentences. The results suggest the possibility of identifying specific grammatical meaning expressed by different morphologic and syntactic implementations of different languages. The neural realization of grammatical meanings is constrained by the specific language being used, but the relationships between the neural representations of sentences are preserved across languages. These findings have some theoretical implications on a distinction between grammar and lexical meanings.
Progressive Excitability Changes in the Medial Entorhinal Cortex in the 3xTg Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease Pathology
Authors: Chen Lingxuan , Christenson Wick Zoé , Vetere Lauren M. , Vaughan Nick , Jurkowski Albert , Galas Angelina , Diego Keziah S. , Philipsberg Paul A. , Soler Ivan , Feng Yu , Cai Denise J. , Shuman Tristan 
Published: September 2023

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss and progressive cognitive impairments. In mouse models of AD pathology, studies have found neuronal and synaptic deficits in hippocampus, but less is known about changes in medial entorhinal cortex (MEC), which is the primary spatial input to the hippocampus and an early site of AD pathology. Here, we measured neuronal intrinsic excitability and synaptic activity in MEC layer II (MECII) stellate cells, MECII pyramidal cells, and MEC layer III (MECIII) excitatory neurons at 3 and 10 months of age in the 3xTg mouse model of AD pathology, using male and female mice. At 3 months of age, before the onset of memory impairments, we found early hyperexcitability in intrinsic properties of MECII stellate and pyramidal cells, but this was balanced by a relative reduction in synaptic excitation (E) compared with inhibition (I; E/I ratio), suggesting intact homeostatic mechanisms regulating MECII activity. Conversely, MECIII neurons had reduced intrinsic excitability at this early time point with no change in synaptic E/I ratio. By 10 months of age, after the onset of memory deficits, neuronal excitability of MECII pyramidal cells and MECIII excitatory neurons was largely normalized in 3xTg mice. However, MECII stellate cells remained hyperexcitable, and this was further exacerbated by an increased synaptic E/I ratio. This observed combination of increased intrinsic and synaptic hyperexcitability suggests a breakdown in homeostatic mechanisms specifically in MECII stellate cells at this postsymptomatic time point, which may contribute to the emergence of memory deficits in AD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAD causes cognitive deficits, but the specific neural circuits that are damaged to drive changes in memory remain unknown. Using a mouse model of AD pathology that expresses both amyloid and tau transgenes, we found that neurons in the MEC have altered excitability. Before the onset of memory impairments, neurons in layer 2 of MEC had increased intrinsic excitability, but this was balanced by reduced inputs onto the cell. However, after the onset of memory impairments, stellate cells in MEC became further hyperexcitable, with increased excitability exacerbated by increased synaptic inputs. Thus, it appears that MEC stellate cells are uniquely disrupted during the progression of memory deficits and may contribute to cognitive deficits in AD.
Tingkat Kemampuan Gerak Motorik Kasar Siswa Kelas IV & V Sekolah Dasar Negeri 1 Gulang Kecamatan Mejobo Kabupaten Kudus
Authors: Arizona Moch Endico Bachtiar , Rustiadi Tri 
Published: September 2023

Physical growth and motor development can be influenced by several factors, internally and even externally, in physical growth it is clearly seen that there are differences in motor development as well as differences, this occurs according to the physical activities carried out by students. The problem of this research is to “How big is the gross motoric ability of the upper grade students of SD Negeri 1 Gulang, Mejobo District, Kudus Regency"?
This research design uses quantitative descriptive research with test and measurement survey methods. The population of this study was the IV and V graders of SD Negeri 1 Gulang, Mejobo District, Kudus Regency. The IV grade students consist of 15 male students and 19 female students, in the V grade there are 13 male students and 20 female students. The method used in this study is a survey method.
Based on the results of the study, it was found that the results of the gross motor skills of grade IV and V grade students of SD Negeri 1 Gulang, Mejobo District, Kudus Regency obtained very good categories of 4%, good at 33%, moderate by 28%, less by 25%, and less once by 9%. Based on these results, it can be concluded that most of the gross motor skills of the IV and V graders of SD Negeri 1 Gulang, Mejobo District, Kudus Regency are categorized as “good”.
Kondisi Fisik dan Teknik Atlet Pencak Silat Pagar Nusa Kabupaten Temanggung
Authors: Setyawan Adi , Setiawan Ipang 
Published: September 2023

Adi Setyawan. 2022. Physical and Technical Condition of Pagar Nusa Pencak Silat Athletes in Temanggung Regency. Thesis on Health & Recreation Physical Education / Health and Recreation Physical Education Study Program. Faculty of Sport Science. Semarang State University. Advisor Dr. Ipang Setiawan, S. Pd., M. Pd.
Keywords: Pencak Silat, Physical Condition, Technique
The background of this research is the Physical and Technical Condition of the Pagar Nusa Pencak Silat athletes in Temanggung Regency. pencak silat athletes who have good physical and technical skills will have a great chance of achievement. The problem in the research is how the physical conditions of strength, agility, speed, endurance, flexibility, accuracy, and agility are. Physical condition and technique are an interconnected entity because physical condition is the basis for maintaining stamina so that athletes stay focused when performing basic pencak silat techniques. The purpose of this study was to determine the physical conditions which include strength, agility, speed, endurance, flexibility, accuracy, and agility and the technical conditions of respect, stance, step patterns, punches, kicks, catch pad athletes, especially the Pagar pencak silat branch. Nusa in Temanggung Regency.
This research uses quantitative research and uses descriptive percentage method with survey technique. With survey techniques and standardized tests with a population of 54 athletes. The samples used were 25 male athletes and 23 female athletes. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. Researchers in this case are trying to describe or provide an overview of the state of the physical condition and technique of the Pagar Nusa pencak silat athlete, Temanggung Regency.
The results of this study were the physical condition of the male pencak silat athletes from Pagar Nusa, Temanggung Regency, which had an average score of 3.25 in the medium category. The physical condition of the female pencak silat athlete in Pagar Nusa, Temanggung Regency, has an average score of 2.9 in the less category. The basic technical skills of the male pencak silat athletes, members of Pagar Nusa Pringsurat, Temanggung Regency have an overall average of 83.50% in the good category. The basic technical skills of female pencak silat athletes who are members of Pagar Nusa, Temanggung Regency have an overall average of 76.56% in the medium category.
The conclusion of the study is that the physical ability of the male pencak silat athletes of Pagar Nusa in Temanggung Regency is in the moderate category. The physical ability of female pencak silat athletes from Pagar Nusa in Temanggung Regency is in the poor category. The technical ability of the male pencak silat athletes of Pagar Nusa in Temanggung Regency is in the good category. The technical ability of the female pencak silat athlete of Pagar Nusa in Temanggung Regency is in the medium category.
The Role of Blockchain Technology on Zakat Institutions, A Way Forward: Literature Review
Authors: Mohamed Mohamud Ahmed , Mohamed Mahad Abdiwali , Mohamud Omar Ahmed 
Published: September 2023

Financial Technology (Fintech) is rapidly transforming the financial industry, with advanced features enhancing speed, convenience, and accessibility. Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) and Islamic Social Institutions must adopt FinTech to remain resilient and develop innovative products and services. This qualitative study analyzes the function of Blockchain technology in Zakat institutions and the challenges faced in adopting it. It examines recent publications, focusing on Islamic Financial Technology, the financial sector, and non-financial sectors. However, this article search was limited to scholarly works. Using the library's database, Google Scholar, and the Emerald Insight database, the search is conducted for relevant, primarily peer-reviewed articles, using the appropriate filters and keywords. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to identify the role of Blockchain technology in Zakat institutions and therefore analyze the current challenge faced by Zakat institutions when adopting Blockchain technology. Blockchain technology, particularly in the financial sector, offers numerous opportunities for financial institutions. Smart contracts on blockchain technology offer more independent, transparent, and dependable transactions. Technology advancements impact industries, including Zakat, which is a critical concept in Islam. Zakat institutions can leverage blockchain technology to improve funding and distribution processes, overcoming challenges faced by traditional institutions. In Islamic Social Finance.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ACR TI-RADS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
Authors: BALCI Bengi , ÜSTÜN Mehmet , BOZDAĞ Mustafa , ER Ali , SOLAKOĞLU KAHRAMAN Dudu , AYDIN Cengiz 
Published: September 2023

Objective
To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of the Thyroid
Imaging, Reporting and Data System of the American
College of Radiology in thyroid nodules.
Material and Method
A total of 151 nodules were collected from 62 patients
undergoing thyroid surgery in our center between
August 2017 and September 2018. Ultrasonographic
features of each nodule were recorded and classified
according to the Thyroid, Imaging Reporting and Data
System of the American College of Radiology by two
radiologists and compared with a one-to-one basis on
histopathology.
Results
The median size of 151 thyroid nodules measured on
the ultrasound and in the pathology specimens were
19 (3-85) mm and 17 (0-97) mm, respectively. Papillary
carcinoma was demonstrated in 28 patients (45%),
papillary microcarcinoma in 14 patients (22.5%), and
Hurthle cell carcinoma in 1 (1.6%) patient. Overall
sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value,
and negative predictive value for this nodule risk
stratification model were analyzed as 82.5%, 57%,
64.58%, and 77.67%, respectively.
Conclusion
Setting a definitive size threshold for fine needle
aspiration might be misleading, instead signifying the
malignant features on ultrasonography, and making a
decision for surgery on an individual base should be
recommended.
Oral treatment of hypokalemia with potassium chloride and propylene glycol in cows
Authors: Dabbir Bala Krishna Rao , Santimalla Venkata Siva Reddy , Rajavolu Srinivasulu Reddy 
Published: September 2023

Hypokalemia is a fatal metabolic, pathological and induced disorder of Potassium, manifested by low serum levels generally encountered in lactating animals and during thermal-stress. Currently Potassium is given in normal saline intravenously and very slowly. This method is costly, risky and laborious. To study the effect of oral administration of 12 g of elemental Potassium and 200 ml of Propylene glycol orally in hypokalemic cows. After estimating the serum level of potassium with Serum, analyzer, the effect of Nutri-Pot (A) containing 12 g of Potassium in 50-gram pouch and Nutri-Pot (B) containing 200 ml Propylene Glycol in 28 clinically hypokalemic cows was studied. Both A & B were mixed with 200 ml of drinking water and were slowly drenched and the second dose is repeated after 12 hours. Out of 28 cows, 26 were recovered fully and returned to normal condition and milk production. Combined drenching of Potassium and Propylene glycol was only the safest, most effective and economical method than administration through a balling gun and gelatin boluses or by ororuminal intubation. Or parenteral administration.
PERKEMBANGAN PARIWISATA HALAL DI INDONESIA
Authors: Pranandari Rizka putri , Amaliah Arta , Prihatiningtyas Dian 
Published: September 2023

Abstrak:
Indonesia merupakan negara mayoritas muslim, hal ini dapat menjadi potensi pengembangan pariwisata halal. Perkembangan pariwisata halal di Indonesia mengalami pertumbuhan yang positif, terbukti dengan capaian Indonesia di tahun 2019 berada dalam diperingkat ke-2 destinasi wisata ramah muslim kategori OKI. Berbagai landasan hukum juga telah diberlakukan oleh pemerintah. Namun jika kita bandingkan dengan negara Thailand yang juga menduduki peringkat ke-2 dengan kategori negara non OKI, jumlah pengunjung asing di Indonesia bisa dibilang terpaut jauh jika dibandingkan dengan jumlah pengunjung asing di Thailand. Pada tahun 2015 jumlah wisatawan asing di Indonesia hanya sekitar 10,4 juta orang sedangkan jumlah wisatawan mancanegara yang berkunjung ke Thailand mencapai 29,9 juta orang. Pemerintah Thailand dan para stakeholder pariwisata di sana benar-benar serius dalam menggarap sektor pariwisata mereka. Keberhasilan mereka salah satunya juga disebabkan oleh strategi jitu dalam mengundang wisatawan mancanegara ke negara mereka. Sejatinya masih banyak juga ditemui di Indonesia restoran self claimed halal yang belum bersertifikat. Jika Indonesia ingin terus mempertahankan dan mengembangkan kualitas dan kuantitas yang ada, maka besar potensi Indonesia untuk menembus peringkat pertama dalam kancah industri halal global. Pentingnya dukungan dari segala aspek akan membuka jalan lebar bagi Indonesia untuk meningkatkan kiprahnya. Perlu juga ditinjau regulasi yang tegas mengenai peredaran alkohol, narkoba, penjualan babi, perjudian, prostitusi, serta barang haram sejenisnya yang tidak sesuai dengan syariah. Kata kunci: Pariwisata Halal, Perkembangan Pariwisata Halal, Industri Halal Global.
Hashimoto's encephalopathy presenting with unusual clinical findings in pediatric population: revision of the diagnostic criteria
Authors: GAZETECİ TEKİN Hande , YİLMAZ Sanem , AYAR Murat , EDEM Pınar , TEKGUL Hasan 
Published: September 2023

Aim: Hashimoto's encephalopathy is a rare progressive and relapsing disease of presumed
autoimmune origin associated with high titers of thyroid antibodies. Also named steroid-responsive
encephalopathy, the disease can be cured with early treatment. Hashimoto's encephalopathy may
occur with various clinical manifestations, but it often presents with symptoms such as seizures,
confusion, hallucination, sleep abnormalities, and behavioural problems. Patients are mostly euthyroid
or mildly hypothyroid. Hashimoto encephalopathy is a controversial diagnosis for misdiagnosis and
overdiagnosis because of the high prevalence of thyroid antibodies in the population. Therefore, this
diagnosis requires strict criteria that can highly indicate the diagnosis. We aimed to present the
diagnosis and treatment processes from unusual symptoms of patients who are considered to have
Hashimoto's encephalopathy with very strict criteria.
Materials and Methods: Here we present five pediatric patients diagnosed with Hashimoto's
encephalopathy between 2013 and 2023. The clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory findings,
treatment options and response to treatment were obtained from patient records retrospectively.
Results: On admission, patients had striking behavioural changes such as hallucinations, insomnia,
purposeless laughing as well as signs of encephalopathy such as status epilepticus and confusion;
neurological sequelae; history of surgery, and fever. All patients had high levels of thyroid antibodies
and they responded perfectly to steroid treatment in a short period of time.
Conclusion: Hashimoto’s encephalopathy should be considered in all patients presenting with
encephalopathy in the pediatric age group. These patients may have unusual and clinical
manifestations.
İnsan diş pulpası kaynaklı mezenkimal kök hücrelerin meme kanseri kök hücreleri üzerine etkisi
Authors: İNETAŞ YENGİN Gizem , GEYİK Öykü Gönül , BAĞRIYANIK Hüsnü Alper , YÜCE Zeynep , ÖKTEM Gülperi 
Published: September 2023

Amaç: Kanser kök hücreleri; kendini yenileyebilen, farklılaşma kapasitesi yüksek ve uzun süreli proliferasyon ile normal dokuya invazyon kabiliyeti olan hücrelerdir. Bu yetenekleriyle geleneksel kanser tedavisine direnç oluşturarak tümör büyümesi ve metastazda rol oynar. Başarılı kanser tedavileri için kanser kök hücre mekanizmalarına yönelik araştırmalar yapmak önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, insan diş pulpası kaynaklı mezenkimal kök hücrelerin meme kanseri kök hücreleri üzerine etkisinin hücre canlılığı, hücre döngüsü ve apoptoz yöntemleriyle araştırılmasıdır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Meme kanseri hücreleri (MCF7) akış sitometrisi ile CD44+/CD24- boyaması yapılarak ayrılmıştır. CD44+/CD24- popülasyonuna meme kanseri kök hücresi denilmiştir. Diş pulpasından izole edilen mezenkimal kök hücreler kültüre edilip karakterizasyonu yapılmıştır. Mezenkimal kök hücre grubu mCitrine, meme kanseri kök hücresi grubu ise mCherry ile plazmit transfeksiyonu yapılarak işaretlenmiştir. Bu hücreler 48 saat boyunca ko-kültüre edilmiş ve sonrasında hücre canlılığı, hücre döngüsü ve apoptoz analizleri yapılmıştır.
Bulgular: Diş pulpası kaynaklı mezenkimal kök hücreler ile ko-kültüre edilen meme kanseri kök hücrelerinin kontrol grubuna göre hücre canlılığı, hücre döngüsü ve apoptoz değerlerinde zamana bağlı olarak istatistiksel anlamlı değişiklikler görülmüştür. Ko-kültüre grubu kontrole göre kıyaslandığında zamana bağlı olarak G0/G1 evresinde artış gözlenmiştir. Ko-kültüre edilen hücrelerin floresan mikroskop ile yapılan incelemesinde sarı floresan işaretli hibrit hücreler gözlenmiştir ve immüno-floresan Ki67 boyamasında hücre sayısında azalma gözlenmiştir.
Sonuç: Ko-kültür sonrası diş pulpası kaynaklı mezenkimal kök hücrelerin meme kanser kök hücreleri üzerinde hücre proliferasyonunu inhibe edici etkileri olduğu ve apoptozu teşvik ettiği gözlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, meme kanser kök hücreleri üzerinde diş pulpası kaynaklı mezenkimal kök hücrelerin tedaviye yönelik bir etkisi olabilir.
Molar-scale formate production via enzymatic hydration of industrial off-gases
Authors: Kim Yong Hwan , Lee Jinhee , Kim Suk Min , Jeon Byoung Wook , Hwang Ho Won , Poloniataki Eleni G. , Lee Sanghyung , Ra Ho Won , Na Jeong-Geol , Lee Jinwon 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Decarbonizing the steel industry, a major CO2 emitter, is crucial for achieving carbon neutrality1,2. Escaping the grip of CO combustion methods, a key contributor to CO2 discharge is a seemingly simple yet formidable challenge on the path to industrial-wide net-zero carbon emissions1,3–5. Here we suggest the enzymatic CO hydration (enCOH), inspired by the biological Wood‒Ljungdahl pathway, enabling efficient CO2 fixation. By employing the highly efficient, inhibitor-robust CO dehydrogenase (ChCODH2) and formate dehydrogenase (MeFDH1), we achieved spontaneous enCOH, to convert industrial off-gases into formate with 100% selectivity. This process operates seamlessly under mild conditions (room temperature, neutral pH), regardless of varying CO/CO2 ratios. Notably, the direct utilization of flue gas without pretreatment yielded various formate salts, including ammonium formate, at concentrations nearing two molars. Operating the 10 L-scale immobilized enzyme reactor at the steel mill resulted in the production of high-purity formate powder after facile purification, thus demonstrating the potential for decarbonizing the steel industry.
Performance of patterned single-layer diamond grinding wheel in grinding of Al-SiCP composites with large infeed
Authors: Nanda Trilochan Prasad , Ghosh Amitava 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The grinding process has been evolving, in recent years, from a mere surface finishing operation to a high stock removal process. The current research work is focused on the development of new-generation single-layer diamond wheels which can accomplish the demanding high material removal rate (MRR) requirements with longer tool life without any wheel dressing. With the use of a novel coordinate-controlled grit patterning technique, single-layer brazed diamond wheels were fabricated with uniform and precise distribution of the abrasive particles, which enables the wheels to accommodate higher chip load without loading and to simultaneously possess stronger joint strength. The indigenously developed grinding wheel was tested under aggressive grinding conditions to machine Al-SiCP composite blocks up to a depth of 2.5 mm under flood cooling environment. Grinding forces, real-time spindle power consumption, and post-grinding wheel morphology were investigated during the deep grinding experiments to evaluate the suitability of such wheels in stringent grinding conditions.
Experiments were conducted up to a maximum uncut chip thickness of 5.4 μm and maximum specific MRR of 20.83 mm2/s. Specific grinding energy, as low as 10.8 J/mm3, was obtained at the grinding condition with an aggressiveness number of 19.04. At the end, the in-house developed patterned diamond grinding wheel could successfully grind the soft, sticky and abrasive Al-SiCP composites without any trace of wheel loading or significant grit failures.