bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pluralizing constitutional interpretation: An introduction
Authors: De Visser Maartje , Neo Jaclyn L 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The purpose of the symposium on pluralizing constitutional interpretation was to reflect upon the multiple sites at which interpretative activities take place, their real-world significance, and the methodological implications of expanding our scholarly lens beyond court rulings and beyond legal materials for a more complete understanding of how constitutions are engaged with. In this introductory article, we propose at least three directions for diversification. The first is the pluralization of actors beyond the courts, attention being drawn to the diverse range of institutions, entities, and individuals involved in giving meaning to the constitution. The second is methodological and disciplinary in nature; it addresses the manner in which this plurality of interpreters relates to nonlegal methods and sources, as compared to classic legal methods and sources. The third is about orientation and entails a shift from the study of doctrines, precedents, and conceptional analysis to a more dynamic approach to interpretation, as defined by intersecting viewpoints, coinciding sites of interpretation, and a shifting of institutional and disciplinary boundaries. Taken together, these directions hold out the promise of arriving at a more complete understanding of how constitutional law is engaged with as a lived reality.
Interpreting the constitution: The use and abuse of history
Authors: Tan Kevin Y L 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The interpretation of written constitutions is a legal rather than an historical enterprise, and history is but one of the judge’s many interpretive tools. This article looks at the question of when and how historical facts are used in constitutional interpretation, rather than whether they should be used. I argue that two fundamental canons of interpretation—the need to treat constitutions as sui generis and not as ordinary legislation, and the dictum that rights provisions should be given a generous interpretation in favor of the individual—require judges to use whatever tools they have at their disposal to interpret constitutions accordingly. As a tool, history is neutral and nondialectical. It may thus be used both in favor of and against a given interpretive stance. Sometimes, a recourse to history may also yield contradictory positions. Through five case studies I try to show: (a) that there is no inevitability in outcomes even when history is used in interpretation, and that it may in fact be relied on by both sides without yielding an obvious result; (b) that history may be used to restrict rather than promote liberties; (c) that history may also be abused to introduce “unwritten customary constitutional law” contrary to the words of the constitution; (d) where history was cited but proved unuseful; and (e) where history could helpfully have been used but was not.
A Metagenomic Based Approach on Abundance and Diversity of Bacterial Communities Across the Life Stages ofCulicoides peregrinus(Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) a Vector of Bluetongue Virus
Authors: Banerjee Paramita , Sarkar Ankita , Ghosh Koushik , Mazumdar Abhijit 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDuring larval rearing of Culicoides peregrinus Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) it was obligatory to add a small quantity of mud from larval habitat to nutrient broth in culture plates. This initiated microbial growth in rearing plates which facilitated growth and development of immature. The primary aim was to enumerate gut microbial communities across the different life stages of C. peregrinus. Amplicon sequencing of the V3–V4 hypervariable region (16S rDNA) was done on Illumina Miseq platform to detect gut bacterial communities at different life stages, while ITS regions (18S rRNA) were targeted for fungal communities of the 4th instar larvae. The major findings were: 1) Phylum Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the most abundant throughout the life stages, along with the highest bacterial alpha diversity in the egg, 2) bacterial compositions were similar to laboratory reared and field collected adults, and 3) abundant fungal phyla associated with the larval gut were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Furthermore, analyses of the gut microbiome with METAGENassist might be indicative of their likely function in the natural habitat. Abundant gut-associated bacteria and/or fungal genera detected in the present study could be used as dietary supplements to establish laboratory colonies for further vectorial research. While, individual roles of the bacteria or fungi in paratransgenesis are warned for their possible utilization to frame the management strategy in upcoming works.
Spatiotemporal resolution in high-speed atomic force microscopy for studying biological macromolecules in action
Authors: Umeda Kenichi , McArthur Steven J , Kodera Noriyuki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHigh-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) is a unique approach that allows direct real-time visualization of biological macromolecules in action under near-physiological conditions, without any chemical labeling. Typically, the temporal resolution is sub-100 ms, and the spatial resolution is 2–3 nm in the lateral direction and ∼0.1 nm in the vertical direction. A wide range of biomolecular systems and their dynamic processes have been studied by HS-AFM, providing deep mechanistic insights into how biomolecules function. However, the level of mechanistic detail gleaned from an HS-AFM experiment critically depends on the spatiotemporal resolution of the system. In this review article, we explain the principle of HS-AFM and describe how the resolution is determined. We also discuss recent attempts to improve the resolution of HS-AFM to further extend the observable range of biological phenomena.
Independent Innexin Radiation Shaped Signaling in Ctenophores
Authors: Ortiz Jennifer , Bobkov Yuriy V , DeBiasse Melissa B , Mitchell Dorothy G , Edgar Allison , Martindale Mark Q , Moss Anthony G , Babonis Leslie S , Ryan Joseph F 
Published: February 2023

AbstractInnexins facilitate cell–cell communication by forming gap junctions or nonjunctional hemichannels, which play important roles in metabolic, chemical, ionic, and electrical coupling. The lack of knowledge regarding the evolution and role of these channels in ctenophores (comb jellies), the likely sister group to the rest of animals, represents a substantial gap in our understanding of the evolution of intercellular communication in animals. Here, we identify and phylogenetically characterize the complete set of innexins of four ctenophores: Mnemiopsis leidyi, Hormiphora californensis, Pleurobrachia bachei, and Beroe ovata. Our phylogenetic analyses suggest that ctenophore innexins diversified independently from those of other animals and were established early in the emergence of ctenophores. We identified a four-innexin genomic cluster, which was present in the last common ancestor of these four species and has been largely maintained in these lineages. Evidence from correlated spatial and temporal gene expression of the M. leidyi innexin cluster suggests that this cluster has been maintained due to constraints related to gene regulation. We describe the basic electrophysiological properties of putative ctenophore hemichannels from muscle cells using intracellular recording techniques, showing substantial overlap with the properties of bilaterian innexin channels. Together, our results suggest that the last common ancestor of animals had gap junctional channels also capable of forming functional innexin hemichannels, and that innexin genes have independently evolved in major lineages throughout Metazoa.
SPINDLYO-fucosylates nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins involved in diverse cellular processes in plants
Authors: Zentella Rodolfo , Wang Yan , Zahn Emily , Hu Jianhong , Jiang Liang , Shabanowitz Jeffrey , Hunt Donald F , Sun Tai-ping 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSPINDLY (SPY) is a novel nucleocytoplasmic protein O-fucosyltransferase that regulates target protein activity or stability via O-fucosylation of specific Ser/Thr residues. Previous genetic studies indicate that AtSPY regulates plant development during vegetative and reproductive growth by modulating gibberellin and cytokinin responses. AtSPY also regulates the circadian clock and plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. The pleiotropic phenotypes of spy mutants point to the likely role of AtSPY in regulating key proteins functioning in diverse cellular pathways. However, very few AtSPY targets are known. Here, we identified 88 SPY targets from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and Nicotiana benthamiana via the purification of O-fucosylated peptides using Aleuria aurantia lectin followed by electron transfer dissociation-MS/MS analysis. Most AtSPY targets were nuclear proteins that function in DNA repair, transcription, RNA splicing, and nucleocytoplasmic transport. Cytoplasmic AtSPY targets were involved in microtubule-mediated cell division/growth and protein folding. A comparison with the published O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) proteome revealed that 30% of AtSPY targets were also O-GlcNAcylated, indicating that these distinct glycosylations could co-regulate many protein functions. This study unveiled the roles of O-fucosylation in modulating many key nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins and provided a valuable resource for elucidating the regulatory mechanisms involved.
Shared Identities and the Structure of Exchange Distinctly Shape Cooperation
Authors: Harrell Ashley , Quinn Joseph M 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
People frequently engage in preferential treatment toward those with whom they share category memberships. At the same time, sociologists have long understood that the structure of ongoing relations shapes micro-level interactions. Here, we ask whether—and if so, how—same-identity bias in cooperation interacts with key structural features of exchange relations. Specifically, we use the affect theory of social exchange (ATSE) to make predictions about cooperation in productive, reciprocal, and generalized exchange when people are embedded in networks where identities are either known and homogeneous, known and heterogenous, or unknown. Results from our experiment support both past work demonstrating same-identity bias in cooperation and the ATSE’s predictions that productive exchange yields the highest levels of cooperation and affective attachment, followed by reciprocal and generalized exchange. More importantly, we find that shared identities and the structure of exchange are two orthogonal factors that distinctly promote cooperation in the presence of each other. Structures with known homogeneous identities are more cooperative and develop higher levels of affective attachment across all forms of exchange, and different types of exchange produce different levels of cooperation and affective attachment in line with the ATSE, but the identity and structural mechanisms do not interact. We conclude by discussing the theoretical implications of our findings for the ATSE and scholarship on social identity biases as well as the practical implications for facilitating cooperation in diverse groups.
The green anaesthesia dilemma: to which extent is it important to preserve as many drugs available as possible
Authors: Gonzalez-Pizarro Patricio , Muret Jane , Brazzi Luca 
Published: February 2023

Purpose of review
This article aims to summarize the current literature describing the availability of different anaesthetic drugs, and to discuss the advantages and limitations of a self-imposed restriction on the scarcely existing anaesthetic drugs.

Recent findings
Earth temperature has risen 1.2°C since the beginning of industrial age, and it is expected to exceed a 1.5°C increase by 2050. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change depicts five different scenarios depending on how these increased temperatures will be controlled in the future. The European Commission has formulated a proposal to regulate fluorinated greenhouse gases (F-gases), among which desflurane, isoflurane and sevoflurane belong to, due to their high global warming potential. This proposal shall ban, or severely restrict, the use of desflurane starting January 2026. It is not clear what might happen with other F-gas anaesthetics in the future. Due to climate change, a higher number of health crisis are expected to happen, which might impair the exiting supply chains, as it has happened in previous years with propofol scarcity.

Summary
There are just a handful number of available anaesthetics that provide for a safe hypnosis. Major stakeholders should be consulted prior making such severe decisions that affect patient safety.
Foreign body aspiration in children – being safe and flexible
Authors: Keil Oliver , Schwerk Nicolaus 
Published: February 2023

Purpose of review
Anesthesia for foreign body removal in children can be quite challenging. Even though rigid bronchoscopy is considered the gold standard for foreign body removal, there is increasing evidence for successful foreign body removal using flexible bronchoscopy. This review discusses the recent implications for flexible bronchoscopy for the purpose of foreign body removal and will compare these findings to rigid bronchoscopy.

Recent findings
During the last few years, several observational studies on foreign body removal by flexible bronchoscopy have been published, with promising results.

Summary
Flexible bronchoscopy is a feasible and safe method for removing aspirated foreign bodies in children. In order to improve patient safety during the procedure, it is necessary for a pediatric anesthetist and a pediatric pulmonologist to work closely together. The anesthetist can take care of the administration of the anesthetic and maintenance of the vital functions, and the pulmonologist can carry out a safe and fast bronchoscopy. In the case of foreign body removal by flexible bronchoscopy, the anesthesiological procedure of choice should be general anesthesia with controlled ventilation via a laryngeal mask.
Physiological Effects of Handling in Moderate to Late Preterm Infants Receiving Neonatal Intensive Care
Authors: Brashear Nancy , D'Errico Ellen , Truax Fayette Nguyen , Pentecost Alena , Tan John B. C. , Bahjri Khaled , Angeles Danilyn 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Of all preterm births, approximately 82% are moderate to late preterm. Moderate to late preterm infants are often treated like full-term infants despite their physiological and metabolic immaturity, increasing their risk for mortality and morbidity.

Purpose:
To describe the relationship between routine caregiving methods and physiological markers of stress and hypoxemia in infants born between 32 and 366/7 weeks' gestation.

Methods:
This descriptive study used a prospective observational design to examine the relationship between routine caregiving patterns (single procedure vs clustered care) and physiological markers of stress and hypoxemia such as regional oxygen saturation, quantified as renal and cerebral regional oxygen saturation (StO2), systemic oxygen saturation (Spo
2), and heart rate (HR) in moderate to late preterm infants. Renal and cerebral StO2 was measured using near-infrared spectroscopy during a 6-hour study period. Spo
2 and HR were measured using pulse oximetry.

Results:
A total of 231 procedures were captured in 37 participants. We found greater alterations in cerebral StO2, renal StO2, Spo
2, and HR when routine procedures were performed consecutively in clusters than when procedures were performed singly or separately.

Implications for Practice and Research:
Our results suggest that the oxygen saturation and HR of moderate to late preterm infants were significantly altered when exposed to routine procedures that were performed consecutively, in clusters, compared with when exposed to procedures that were performed singly or separately. Adequately powered randomized controlled trials are needed to determine the type of caregiving patterns that will optimize the health outcomes of this vulnerable population.
The outcome of boosting mitochondrial activity in alcohol-associated liver disease is organ-dependent
Authors: Goikoetxea-Usandizaga Naroa , Bravo Miren , Egia-Mendikute Leire , Abecia Leticia , Serrano-Maciá Marina , Urdinguio Rocío G. , Clos-García Marc , Rodríguez-Agudo Rubén , Araujo-Legido Raquel , López-Bermudo Lucía , Delgado Teresa C. , Lachiondo-Ortega Sofía , González-Recio Irene , Gil-Pitarch Clàudia , Peña-Cearra Ainize , Simón Jorge , Benedé-Ubieto Raquel , Ariño Silvia , Herranz Jose M. , Azkargorta Mikel , Salazar-Bermeo Julio , Martí Nuria , Varela-Rey Marta , Falcón-Pérez Juan M. , Lorenzo Óscar , Nogueiras Rubén , Elortza Félix , Nevzorova Yulia A. , Cubero Francisco J. , Saura Domingo , Martínez-Cruz Luis Alfonso , Sabio Guadalupe , Palazón Asís , Sancho-Bru Pau , Elguezabal Natalia , Fraga Mario F. , Ávila Matías A. , Bataller Ramón , Marín José J.G. , Martín Franz , Martínez-Chantar María Luz 
Published: February 2023

Background and Aims:
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) accounts for 70% of liver-related deaths in Europe, with no effective approved therapies. Although mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the earliest manifestations of alcohol-induced injury, restoring mitochondrial activity remains a problematic strategy due to oxidative stress. Here, we identify methylation-controlled J protein (MCJ) as a mediator for ALD progression and hypothesize that targeting MCJ may help in recovering mitochondrial fitness without collateral oxidative damage.

Approach and Results:
C57BL/6 mice [wild-type (Wt)] Mcj knockout and Mcj liver-specific silencing (MCJ-LSS) underwent the NIAAA dietary protocol (Lieber-DeCarli diet containing 5% (vol/vol) ethanol for 10 days, plus a single binge ethanol feeding at day 11). To evaluate the impact of a restored mitochondrial activity in ALD, the liver, gut, and pancreas were characterized, focusing on lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, intestinal permeability, and microbiota composition. MCJ, a protein acting as an endogenous negative regulator of mitochondrial respiration, is downregulated in the early stages of ALD and increases with the severity of the disease. Whole-body deficiency of MCJ is detrimental during ALD because it exacerbates the systemic effects of alcohol abuse through altered intestinal permeability, increased endotoxemia, and dysregulation of pancreatic function, which overall worsens liver injury. On the other hand, liver-specific Mcj silencing prevents main ALD hallmarks, that is, mitochondrial dysfunction, steatosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress, as it restores the NAD+/NADH ratio and SIRT1 function, hence preventing de novo lipogenesis and improving lipid oxidation.

Conclusions:
Improving mitochondrial respiration by liver-specific Mcj silencing might become a novel therapeutic approach for treating ALD.
Resiliency-based adaptations used by primary care physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Hoff Timothy , Neff Leah 
Published: February 2023

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic is a profound change event for U.S. primary care physicians and their medical practices.

Purpose
We examined how a group of U.S. primary care physicians and their medical practices used resiliency-based strategies, tactics, and mindsets to navigate pandemic-related change over the time period early 2020 through mid-2021.

Methodology
A 15-month longitudinal qualitative study of the same 10 physicians interviewed a total of 42 times at four time intervals during the 2020–2021 COVID-19 pandemic. Data were analyzed using a systematic coding approach consisting of first- and second-order code categories feeding into an overall interpretive framework of resiliency-based adaptations.

Results
Primary care physicians and their practices engaged in two main resiliency-based strategic adaptations during the pandemic. These adaptations were labeled “keeping the business afloat” and “keeping primary care relevant for patients.” Each consisted of different strategies and tactics that shared common features including proactiveness, innovativeness, and pragmatism. Specific resiliency-based mindsets were identified that helped physicians both initially engage in needed strategies and tactics while continuing to engage in them over time.

Conclusions
The results demonstrate how physicians use resiliency-based adaptation in response to profound change in their environments, defined by behavioral variety and motivated by self-interested and patient-centered imperatives.

Practice Implications
Physicians are proactive and possess multiple adaptive capabilities. Seen in this more positive light, health care organizations should focus on greater engagement of their physician-employees in implementing innovation in care delivery and managing change, that is, as responsible partners rather than resistors to meeting organizational imperatives.
FS-LASIK for the treatment of moderate-to-high hyperopia
Authors: Alió del Barrio Jorge L. , Milán-Castillo Roberto , Canto-Cerdan Mario , Molina-Lespron Aleyda , Alió Jorge L. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose:
To report modern outcomes of femtosecond laser–assisted cataract surgery (FS-LASIK) for the correction of moderate-to-high hyperopia (≥3.50 diopters [D] and ≤6.50 D), excluding low or very high hyperopia.

Setting:
Vissum, Alicante, Spain.

Design:
Monocentric retrospective case series study.

Methods:
Visumax-500 kHz femtosecond laser and Amaris-750 excimer-laser were used. Eyes with at least 6 months of follow-up were included. 36-month data was collected when available. Primary outcome measure was short term efficacy and safety. Secondary outcome measure was long term stability.

Results:
6-month data of 92 eyes was collected (68 eyes at 36 months). Mean age was 34.6 ± 10.4 years. Mean treated sphere was 4.69 ± 0.87. Efficacy index was 0.91 and 0.90 at 6 months and 36 months respectively. Safety index was 1.00. Uncorrected distance visual acuity was 20/20 or better in 72%, postoperative spherical equivalent within 0.5 D in 80% (93% within 1 D), and loss of 1 line of corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) occurred in 13% (2 or more lines in 0%). Gain of 1 or more CDVA lines occurred in 17%. A slight but significant regression was observed at 36 months. Postoperatively, 21.73% required flap lift for laser enhancement, and 11.95% an orthoptic visual rehabilitation due to accommodative disorders.

Conclusions:
Modern LASIK provides good efficacy and safety levels for the management of moderate to high hyperopia (up to +6.5 D), with levels close to those previously reported with refractive lens exchange for young hyperopia patients without presbyopia, where we defend the maintenance of LASIK as first line therapy. Risk of requiring a refractive enhancement or an orthoptic visual rehabilitation remains relevant and needs to be discussed with patients preoperatively.