bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Views on multilingualism in primary schools, a descriptive enquiry
Authors: Pourbaix Emma , Landuyt Ingeborg , Ardies Jan 
Published: July 2023

Multilingualism is increasingly present in schools due to today’s globalisation. In Western countries pupils often have a mother tongue that is different from the language of instruction at school. Schools and teachers have to deal with this changed situation. This requires a new pedagogical approach, but also a clear vision and new school policies. This research investigates the views on multilingualism that are being held by teachers and staff from 69 Flemish primary schools and which connections can be made between these views and the characteristics of the respondents and their schools. We conducted a survey in which we asked the participants about their school’s school language policy and their own views on multilingualism at school. The results of our analysis indicate that teachers and staff members in primary schools in Flanders (Belgium) still strongly adhere to monolingual policies, especially in the classroom. However, their overall attitude towards multilingualism is slightly less negative than the views of their colleagues in secondary schools. For policymakers, our research puts a finger on a sore spot. It shows that teachers and school authorities still have a long way to go in developing policies that promote language learning. Researchers can find inspiration in this research for a comparative study.
Perception positive de la variation géographique du français dans le contexte de l’enseignement du FLE
Authors: Savenkova Aleksandra D. 
Published: July 2023

Malgré quelques rares initiatives ponctuelles (méthode « Cosmopolite » de Hirschsprung et Tricot [2017], par exemple), le constat général reste le même : en termes de représentation de la variation diatopique, les manuels de Français Langue Étrangère (FLE) véhiculent une norme artificielle exclusivement parisianocentrée. Pour vérifier si le frein principal à l’introduction de la variation diatopique dans les méthodes de langue vient du rejet des accents régionaux du français par les professeurs de FLE, nous avons procédé à un sondage perceptuel d’acceptation à visée didactique auprès de ce public. Nous avons proposé à des enseignants et des enseignantes de FLE des enregistrements audio avec une prononciation régionalement marquée (des stimuli préenregistrés par des locuteurs francophones de régions françaises (Grand Est et Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Guadeloupe et La Réunion) et de pays francophones (Algérie, Canada, Cameroun, Mauritanie et Suisse). Les résultats montrent une meilleure acceptation de ce type d’extrait dans les manuels, que celle qu’on aurait pu prévoir ; les commentaires justifiant l’acceptation de la variation diatopique par les enseignants de FLE constituent l’objet principal de cet article.
L’impact de l’emploi des outils en ligne sur la motivation des apprenants du FLE en Iran
Authors: Khodadadi Samira , Rahmatian Rouhollah 
Published: July 2023

Supposant le rôle motivant des outils en ligne dans l’apprentissage des langues, nous avons étudié l’impact de ces outils sur la motivation des apprenants adultes du FLE en Iran. Pour cela, nous avons choisi 30 apprenants de français iraniens avec le même niveau de langue française (A2) et les avons répartis en deux groupes de 15 pour suivre un cours de français en ligne sur la plateforme Skyroom. Les apprenants du groupe expérimental devaient faire leurs devoirs sur les sites web thinglink.com et learningapps.org et le groupe témoin devait faire les activités en utilisant Microsoft Word puis les envoyer à l’enseignant. L’analyse des données recueillies à l’aide d’un questionnaire sur la motivation des étudiants avant et après le cours a montré que la motivation des apprenants du groupe expérimental avait considérablement augmenté.
Utiliser les Ceintures de compétences à l’université : l’exemple de la grille d’évaluation des compétences dans un cours de didactique en français langue étrangère (FLE)
Authors: Schlemminger Gérald 
Published: July 2023

Dans le cadre d’une approche par compétences, nous discuterons un type d’évaluation répandu en pédagogie institutionnelle et en pédagogie Freinet : les ceintures de compétence. Comme exemple, nous présenterons le dispositif des séminaires de didactique en FLE de l’École supérieure de pédagogie de Karlsruhe (Pädagogische Hochschule Karlsruhe). Nous analyserons plus particulièrement la Fiche d’évaluation/d’autoévaluation d’une séquence d’enseignement. Cette fiche propose des descripteurs pour appréhender les compétences des étudiants lorsqu’ils donnent des cours de FLE devant des élèves d’école primaire.
Plume : un nouvel outil pour donner envie d’écrire
Authors: Constantinou Georgia 
Published: July 2023

Dans l’apprentissage du français langue étrangère, la production écrite est un défi tout autant pour les enseignants dont le temps d’enseignement est souvent compté que pour les apprenants qui manifestent quelques réticences à participer au processus d’apprentissage. Recourir aux outils numériques pour faciliter la production écrite, la rendre plus attractive et efficace est une option pertinente, d’autant que les avantages sont nombreux. Il convient toutefois d’être extrêmement sélectif si l’on veut satisfaire des critères garantissant leur adéquation et leur contribution qualitative au processus éducatif. Dans cet article, nous définirons de fait clairement ces critères avant de décrire « Plume », l’outil numérique d’écriture que nous avons choisi. Nous expliquerons comment il est possible de l’utiliser pour motiver nos apprenants à écrire tout en développant leur créativité et leur imagination. Puis, nous présenterons les résultats d’une enquête que nous avons menée auprès d’apprenants de niveau A1(n=20) d’une école primaire de Chypre ayant été formés à l’outil « Plume » pour la rédaction de courts récits.
The Comparison Of Students’ Academic Achievement Taught Using Jigsaw Versus Demonstration On Students’ Different Self-Confidence
Authors: Imam Azhar  , Nafilatur Rohmah  
Published: July 2023

The study investigated the effect of jigsaw cooperative learning method and students’ self-confidence on students’ academic achievement in fiqih in seventh grade of Junior Islamic High School. Three research questions and three hypothesis guided the study. The study used factorial design 2 x 3 which was a part of quasi experimental design. The subject research was 61 students that was devided into two groups by random assignment sampling. The instruments of study consisted questionaire and test. The questionaire was used to obtain the data of self-confidence, while test was used to gain the data of students’ academic achievement (outcomes). The questionaire contained 20 questions in accordance with compatibility and incompatibility of reaserch sample with the existing statement item while the test instrument contained 25 multiple choice questions. Both of instruments were pilot tested on the students to determine its usability as well as to gain its validity and realiability. The independent sample t-test was used to measure the mean scores of differences between achievement scores of experiment group and control group on pretest while the paired sample t-test was used to measure to measure the mean scores differences between achievement scores of experiment and control group on posttest. The two way analysis of varian (two-way anova) was used to measure the main effect (different teaching methods on students’ academic achievement) and interaction effect (different teaching methods and self-confidence on students’ academic achievement). The risults shew that jigsaw cooperative learning method helps students to obtain higher academic achievement than demontration teaching method. The risult was also revealed that the academic achievement of experiment group that at higer self-confidence gets higher score than another one. Lastly, there was not significant interaction effect between the two variables (teaching methods and self-confidence) on students’ academic achievement. Otherwise, it indicated that the two variables had a separate effect. This study recommanded that the next study should be done in accordance with these risults by adding or changing the independent variables
Kontribusi Dukungan Orang Tua Terhadap Proses Belajar Anak di Masa Pandemi
Authors: Irlian.Msc Rahma , Minarsi Minarsi 
Published: July 2023

Kontribusi dukungan orang tua terhadap proses belajar anak SD.N 54 KAUR Desa datar lebar 2 kecamatan lungkang kule kabupaten kaur Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui Kontribusi dukungan orang tua terhadap proses belajar anak di masa pandemic di SD N 54 Kaur Desa Datar Lebar 2 Kecamatan Lungkang Kule Kabupaten Kaur. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif jenis korelasional yaitu untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh. Populasi orang tua siswa kelas VI SD N 54 Kaur berjumlah 55 orang tua. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini mengunakan proportional Stratified Random Sampling, yaitu pengambilan sampel yang dilakukan secara acak berdasarkan tingkatan kelas. Pengambilan sampel ini mengunakan rumus solvin dengan taraf kesalahan 10 % adapun jumlah sampel yang diambil yaitu 22 orang. Data yang di peroleh mengunakan angket model skala likert, kemudian penyebaran angket dilakukan secara langsung, dengan hasil terdapat 6 responden (27,2%) memberikan dukungan dengan baik terdapat 8 responden ( 36,4%) memberikan dukungan yang cukup baik, dan terdapat 8 responden (36%,4) kurang memberikan dukungan terhadap anak nya. Terdapat 11 responden ( 50%) dengan pola belajar baik, kemudian terdapat 6 responden ( 27,3%) dengan pola belajar yang kurang. Hasil uji statistic diperoleh nilai p_ value = 0,041 yang berarti p_ value <0,05 maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ho ditolak atau berarti bahwa kontribusi dukungan orang tua berpengaruh terhadap pola belajar anak di masa pandemi.
Le 3 avril 1986 : expression d’une mésentente politique en Haïti : retour sur un élément de la mémoire indocile du mouvement féministe haïtien
Authors: Lamour Sabine 
Published: July 2023

Après la chute de la dictature en 1986, Haïti connaît un bouleversement politique majeur culminant par le renouveau du mouvement social haïtien, qui inclut celui de la relance du féminisme haïtien. Dans ce processus, la marche des femmes du 3 avril 1986 constitue un moment évènement, une date de référence à partir de laquelle se structure la mémoire des luttes post-1986 des femmes. L’auteure retrace les lieux de cette mémoire, analyse le sens et la portée symbolique de cette date, tout en revisitant des luttes menées par les femmes depuis les années 1940 pour leur participation aux espaces décisionnels. Son récit met en évidence la mésentente qui traverse la sphère politique : la mise hors jeu politique des femmes. En outre, il dévoile les jalons posés par les femmes pour s’approprier la date en question et bâtir un lieu collectif où la mémoire féministe se construit en préservant son autonomie.
Track cycling sprint sex differences using power data
Authors: Ferguson Hamish , Harnish Chris , Klich Sebastian , Michalik Kamil , Dunst Anna Katharina , Zhou Tony , Chase J Geoffrey 
Published: July 2023

Objectives
Currently, there are no data on sex differences in the power profiles in sprint track cycling. This cross-section study analyses retrospective data of female and male track sprint cyclists for sex differences. We hypothesized that women would exhibit lower peak power to weight than men, as well as demonstrate a different distribution of power durations related to sprint cycling performance.

Design
We used training, testing, and racing data from a publicly available online depository (www.strava.com), for 29 track sprint cyclists (eight women providing 18 datasets, and 21 men providing 54 datasets) to create sex-specific profiles. R2 was used to describe model quality, and regression indices are used to compare watts per kilogram (W/kg) for each duration for both sexes against a 1:1 relationship expected for 15-s:15-s W/kg.

Results
We confirmed our sample were sprint cyclists, displaying higher peak and competition power than track endurance cyclists. All power profiles showed a high model quality (R2 ≥ 0.77). Regression indices for both sexes were similar for all durations, suggesting similar peak power and similar relationship between peak power and endurance level for both men and women (rejecting our hypothesis). The value of R2 for the female sprinters showed greater variation suggesting greater differences within female sprint cyclists.

Conclusion
The main finding shows female sprint cyclists in this study have very similar relationships between peak power and endurance power as men. Higher variation in W/kg for women in this study than men, within these strong relationships, indicates women in this study, had greater inter-athlete variability, and may thus require more personalised training. Future work needs to be performed with larger samples, and at different levels to optimize these recommendations.
What makes a good pollinator? Abundant and specialised insects with long flight periods transport the most strawberry pollen
Authors: Villa‐Galaviz Edith , Cirtwill Alyssa R. , Gibson Rachel , Timberlake Thomas , Roslin Tomas , Memmott Jane 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Despite the importance of insect pollination to produce marketable fruits, insect pollination management is limited by insufficient knowledge about key crop pollinator species. This lack of knowledge is due in part to (1) the extensive labour involved in collecting direct observations of pollen transport, (2) the variability of insect assemblages over space and time and (3) the possibility that pollinators may need access to wild plants as well as crop floral resources.

We address these problems using strawberry in the United Kingdom as a case study. First, we compare two proxies for estimating pollinator importance: flower visits and pollen transport. Pollen‐transport data might provide a closer approximation of pollination service, but visitation data are less time‐consuming to collect. Second, we identify insect parameters that are associated with high importance as pollinators, estimated using each of the proxies above. Third, we estimated insects' use of wild plants as well as the strawberry crop.

Overall, pollinator importances estimated based on easier‐to‐collect visitation data were strongly correlated with importances estimated based on pollen loads. Both frameworks suggest that bees (Apis and Bombus) and hoverflies (Eristalis) are likely to be key pollinators of strawberries, although visitation data underestimate the importance of bees.

Moving beyond species identities, abundant, relatively specialised insects with long active periods are likely to provide more pollination services.

Most insects visiting strawberry plants also carried pollen from wild plants, suggesting that pollinators need diverse floral resources.

Identifying essential pollinators or pollinator parameters based on visitation data will reach the same general conclusions as those using pollen transport data, at least in monoculture crop systems. Managers may be able to enhance pollination service by preserving habitats surrounding crop fields to complement pollinators' diets and provide habitats for diverse life stages of wild pollinators.
Regulation of Dendritic Cell Functions by Vitamins as Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Immune System Disorders
Authors: Ghahramanipour Zahra , Alipour Shiva , Masoumi Javad , Rostamlou Arman , Hatami‐Sadr Amirhossein , Heris Javad Ahmadian , Naseri Bahar , Jafarlou Mahdi , Baradaran Behzad 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA functional immune system is crucial for a healthy life, protecting from infections, tumors, or autoimmune disorders; these are accomplished by the interaction between various immune cells. Nourishment, particularly micronutrients, are very important components in the immune system balance, therefore this review emphasizes the vitamins (D, E, A, C) and Dendritic cells’ subsets due to vitamins’ roles in immune processes, especially on dendritic cells' functions, maturation, and cytokine production. Current studies reveal significant benefits related to vitamins, including vitamin E, which can contribute to the control of dendritic cells’ function and maturation. Furthermore, vitamin D plays an immunoregulatory and anti‐inflammatory role in the immune system. Metabolite of vitamin A which is called retinoic acid leads to T cells’ differentiation to T helper 1 or T helper 17, so low levels of this vitamin exacerbate the menace of infectious diseases, and vitamin C has anti‐oxidant effects on dendritic cells and modulate their activation and differentiation program. Additionally, the correlation between the amount of vitamin and the occurrence or progression of allergic diseases and autoimmunity disorders is discussed according to the results of previous studies.
Narrow‐Bandgap Mixed 0D/1D Bismuth Bromide Perovskite Hydrate Enabled by Aromatic Ditertiary Ammonium Spacer
Authors: Chen Junnian , Xiao Xingfu , Chen Yue , Li Mingkai , Fang Wenyu , Yu Zixian , He Biqi , Zhai Tianyou , He Yunbin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPerovskite hydrates have attracted extensive attention in diverse fields with intriguing optoelectronic properties, while their structural distortions usually cause large band gaps, which yield inferior light absorption and diminished optoelectronic device performance. Herein, modulating the structural distortion by steric hindrance effects is reported. Specifically, an N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethyl‐1,4‐phenylenediammonium (TMPD)2+ is adopted to template regular BiBr5 chains by interacting with bismuth bromide via weakening and reorienting H‐bonds, yielding a mixed 0D/1D (TMPD)2Bi2Br10.H2O with a narrow bandgap of 1.89 eV. The 0D/1D (TMPD)2Bi2Br10.H2O can be reversibly transformed into 0D (TMPD)2Bi2Br10 (Eg = 2.55 eV) with good cycling behavior. The (TMPD)2Bi2Br10.H2O turns out to be more stable than (TMPD)2Bi2Br10, and a mechanism involving vacancy‐assisted bromide ion migration is proposed for understanding the formation of BiBr5 chains. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the (TMPD)2+ triggered hydration has a crucial impact on the downshift of the conduction band edge, thus decreasing the band gap. Moreover, the (TMPD)2Bi2Br10.H2O single crystal exhibits promising photoconductive behavior under a high moisture atmosphere, showing superiority over the conventional CH3NH3PbI3 perovskites that cannot survive moisture. This finding offers new insights into developing narrow band gap perovskite hydrates toward practical optoelectronic applications.
The Strategy to Improve the Phase Matching Ability in Tetrahedron‐Based Deep‐Ultraviolet Nonlinear Optical Crystals
Authors: Sha Hongyuan , Shang Yanran , Wang Zujian , Su Rongbing , He Chao , Yang Xiaoming , Long Xifa 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNonlinear optical (NLO) crystals that can generate deep‐ultraviolet (DUV) lasers by the frequency conversion processes play an important role in many basic and frontier research fields. Tetrahedron‐based NLO crystals, which are decent DUV NLO candidates, always exhibit a large DUV transparency window. However, their insufficient birefringence often makes it difficult to satisfy the phase matching condition in the DUV or even UV region. Therefore, some strategies are put forward to improve the phase matching ability of tetrahedron‐based DUV NLO crystals. In this review, the relevant reports are summarized into four categories, including the heterozygosity of tetrahedral groups, the introduction of the planar groups, the combination of the heteroleptic tetrahedrons and the planar groups, and the recombination of polar structures with ferroelectricity. Furthermore, the development tendency of tetrahedron‐based DUV NLO crystals is also discussed. Therefore, this review will be helpful to the exploration of new DUV NLO crystals.
Flexible Organic Polymer Gas Sensor and System Integration for Smart Packaging
Authors: Li Siying , Tang Wei , Chen Sujie , Si Yuying , Liu Ruili , Guo Xiaojun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWith high demands and rapid development of consumer electronics related to the Internet of Things, various methods have been developed to incorporate different indicators or sensors into packaging for inspecting the safety and quality of food products conveniently. Smart packaging technology is an effective method of monitoring the status of packaged food, thus reducing food waste and food‐borne related illnesses. Food quality can be directly detected from volatile compounds associated with food degradation and/or gas content of the modified atmosphere packaging. Flexible gas sensors based on organic/polymer functional materials have been widely explored to detect trace amounts of gases by exploiting their electrical or mechanical properties. This review first discusses the requirements of gas sensors and system integration for smart packaging. Then, the paper reviews recent advances and strategies of flexible organic/polymer‐based gas sensors and system integration for smart packaging applications. Finally, this review summarizes the challenges and opportunities of flexible gas sensors and system integration for smart packaging applications.
Optimizing the Shape and Chemical Ordering of Nanoalloys with Specialized Walkers
Authors: Rapetti Daniele , Roncaglia Cesare , Ferrando Riccardo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNew algorithms for the optimization of alloy nanoparticles (nanoalloys) are presented. The new algorithms are based on the concept of multiple basin‐hopping walkers running in parallel, each with its own specialized task—the flying walker, exploring the energy landscape at high temperatures to sample different geometric structures, and the landing and hiking walkers mainly refining the optimization of chemical ordering at low temperatures. These algorithms are referred to as flying‐landing (FL) and flying‐landing‐hiking (FLH). The algorithms are tested against several benchmarks (AuCu and AuRh clusters of 400 atoms and PtNi clusters of 38 and 55 atoms). In all cases, both FL and FLH are shown to perform very well compared to previous results in the literature. In addition, the algorithms are applied to the optimization of larger AgCu nanoparticles, with sizes up to 4000 atoms, in order to establish the behavior of the mixing energy and to compare full global optimization of shape and chemical ordering with optimization of chemical ordering alone at a fixed shape. In general, the results show that the simultaneous optimization of shape and chemical ordering is necessary in many cases, and that the FLH approach is especially efficient for that purpose.