bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
M7G-related molecular subtypes can predict the prognosis and correlate with immunotherapy and chemotherapy responses in bladder cancer patients
Authors: Li Deng-xiong , Feng De-chao , Wang Xiao-ming , Wu Rui-cheng , Zhu Wei-zhen , Chen Kai , Han Ping 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
N7-methylguanosine (m7G) is closely associated with tumor prognosis and immune response in many cancer types. The correlation between m7G and bladder cancer (BC) needs further study. We aimed to orchestrate molecular subtypes and identify key genes for BC from the perspective of m7G.

Methods
RNA-seq and clinical data of BC patients were extracted from TCGA and GSE13507 datasets. The patients were subtyped by “ConsensusClusterPlus” and “limma.” The clusters were validated by the Kaplan‒Meier curves, univariable and multivariate Cox regression models, the concordance index, and calibration curves. The immunotherapy response was evaluated by immune checkpoints, immune infiltration, TIDE score, and IMvigor210 cohort. Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer was utilized to predict the chemotherapy response between the clusters.

Results
The m7G-related cluster was ultimately established by EIF4G1, NUDT11, NUDT10, and CCNB1. The independent prognostic value of the m7G-related cluster was validated by the TCGA and GSE13507 datasets. The cluster was involved in immune-associated pathways, such as neutrophil degranulation, antigen processing cross-presentation, and signaling by interleukins pathways. Meanwhile, cluster 2 was positively correlated with many immune checkpoints, such as CD274, CTLA4, HAVCR2, LAG3, PDCD1, and PDCD1LG2. The cluster 2 was significantly correlated with a higher TIDE score than the cluster 1. Furthermore, in the IMvigor210 cohort, patients in the cluster 1 had a higher response rate than those in the cluster 2. Patients in the cluster 2 were sensitive to many chemotherapies.

Conclusions
We successfully determined molecular subtypes and identified key genes for BC from the perspective of m7G, thereby providing a roadmap for the evolution of immunotherapy and precision medicine.
Gut microbiota-derived metabolites mediate the neuroprotective effect of melatonin in cognitive impairment induced by sleep deprivation
Authors: Wang Xintong , Wang Zixu , Cao Jing , Dong Yulan , Chen Yaoxing 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Sleep loss is a serious global health concern. Consequences include memory deficits and gastrointestinal dysfunction. Our previous research showed that melatonin can effectively improve cognitive impairment and intestinal microbiota disturbances caused by sleep deprivation (SD). The present study further explored the mechanism by which exogenous melatonin prevents SD-induced cognitive impairments. Here, we established fecal microbiota transplantation, Aeromonas colonization and LPS or butyrate supplementation tests to evaluate the role of the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites in melatonin in alleviating SD-induced memory impairment.

Results
Transplantation of the SD-gut microbiota into normal mice induced microglia overactivation and neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus, cognitive decline, and colonic microbiota disorder, manifesting as increased levels of Aeromonas and LPS and decreased levels of Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136 and butyrate. All these events were reversed with the transplantation of SD + melatonin-gut microbiota. Colonization with Aeromonas and the addition of LPS produced an inflammatory response in the hippocampus and spatial memory impairment in mice. These changes were reversed by supplementation with melatonin, accompanied by decreased levels of Aeromonas and LPS. Butyrate administration to sleep-deprived mice restored inflammatory responses and memory impairment. In vitro, LPS supplementation caused an inflammatory response in BV2 cells, which was improved by butyrate supplementation. This ameliorative effect of butyrate was blocked by pretreatment with MCT1 inhibitor and HDAC3 agonist but was mimicked by TLR4 and p-P65 antagonists.

Conclusions
Gut microbes and their metabolites mediate the ameliorative effects of melatonin on SD-induced cognitive impairment. A feasible mechanism is that melatonin downregulates the levels of Aeromonas and constituent LPS and upregulates the levels of Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136 and butyrate in the colon. These changes lessen the inflammatory response and neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus through crosstalk between the TLR4/NF-κB and MCT1/ HDAC3 signaling pathways.
Quality of life and mood disorders of mild to moderate stroke survivors in the early post-hospital discharge phase: a cross-sectional survey study
Authors: Waller Amy , Fakes Kristy , Carey Mariko , Dizon Joshua , Parrey Kim , Coad Michelle , Sanson-Fisher Rob 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Exploring sociodemographic and disease characteristics that contribute to patient-reported outcomes can inform targeting of strategies to support recovery and adaptation to stroke. This study aimed to examine among a sample of stroke survivors at three months post-hospital discharge: (1) self-reported physical and mental health quality of life scores; (2) self-reported depressive and anxiety symptoms; and (3) sociodemographic and clinical predictors of these outcomes.

Methods
This cross-sectional survey study recruited stroke survivors from eight hospitals in one Australian state. Adult survivors recently discharged from hospital stroke wards (within 3 months) were mailed a study information package and invited to complete a pen-and paper survey. Survey items assessed: quality of life (SF12v2), depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7) and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Predictors were examined using multiple linear regression analysis.

Results
Of the 1161 eligible patients who were posted a recruitment pack, 401 (35%) returned a completed survey. Participants reported a mean SF-12v2 Physical Composite Score (PCS) quality of life score of 44.09 (SD = 9.57); and a mean SF-12v2 Mental Composite Score (MCS) quality of life score of 46.84 (SD = 10.0). Approximately one third of participants (34%; n = 132) were classified as depressed (PHQ-9 ≥ 10); and 27% (n = 104) were classified as anxious (GAD-7 ≥ 8). Lower PCS was associated with being female, not employed and having a comorbid diagnosis of diabetes and atrial fibrillation. Lower MCS was associated with a history of transient ischemic attack (TIA). Males and those with higher levels of education, had greater odds of having lower depression severity; those with a history of TIA or diabetes had lower odds of having lower depression severity. Males had greater odds of having lower anxiety severity; those with a history of TIA had lower odds of having lower anxiety severity.

Conclusion
Sub-groups of stroke survivors may be at-risk of poorer quality of life and psychological morbidity in the early post-discharge phase. These findings support the role of early identification and prioritisation of at-risk survivors at discharge, as they may require modifications to standard hospital discharge processes tailored to their level of risk.
Revisiting the nexus between fiscal decentralization and CO2 emissions in South Africa: fresh policy insights
Authors: Udeagha Maxwell Chukwudi , Breitenbach Marthinus Christoffel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe argument over fiscal decentralization and carbon dioxide emission (CO2) reduction has received much attention. However, evidence to back this claim is limited. Economic theory predicts that fiscal decentralization affects environmental quality, but the specifics of this relationship are still up for debate. Some scholars noted that fiscal decentralization might lead to a race to the top, whereas others contended that it would result in a race to the bottom. In light of the current debates in environmental and development economics, this study aims to provide insight into how this relationship may function in South Africa from 1960 to 2020. In contrast to the existing research, the present study uses a novel dynamic autoregressive distributed lag simulation approach to assess the positive and negative changes in fiscal decentralization, scale effect, technique effect, technological innovation, foreign direct investment, energy consumption, industrial growth, and trade openness on CO2 emissions. The following are the main findings: (i) Fiscal decentralization had a CO2 emission reduction impact in the short and long run, highlighting the presence of the race to the top approach. (ii) Economic growth (as represented by the scale effect) eroded ecological integrity. However, its square (as expressed by technique effect) aided in strengthening ecological protection, validating the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. (iii) CO2 emissions were driven by energy utilization, trade openness, industrial value-added, and foreign direct investment, whereas technological innovation boosted ecological integrity. Findings suggest that further fiscal decentralization should be undertaken through further devolution of power to local entities, particularly regarding environmental policy issues, to maintain South Africa’s ecological sustainability. South Africa should also establish policies to improve environmental sustainability by strengthening a lower layer of government and clarifying responsibilities at the national and local levels to fulfill the energy-saving functions of fiscal expenditures.
Human Papillomavirus–Associated Head and Neck Malignancies in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review
Authors: Okerosi Samuel , Mokoh Lillian Wairimu , Rubagumya Fidel , Niyibizi Brandon Asuman , Nkya Aslam , Van Loon Katherine , Buckle Geoffrey , Bent Stephen , Ha Patrick , Fagan Johannes J. , Ng Dianna , Aswani Joyce , Xu Mary Jue 
Published: February 2023

PURPOSEThe proportion of head and neck cancers (HNCs) with human papillomavirus (HPV) positivity in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is poorly characterized. Characterizing this has implications in staging, prognosis, resource allocation, and vaccination policies. This study aims to determine the proportion of HPV-associated HNC in SSA.MATERIALS AND METHODSThis systematic review included searches from PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, African Index Medicus, Google Scholar, and African Journals Online. All English publications reporting the proportion of HNC specimens from SSA patients who tested positive for HPV and/or p16 were included. Study quality was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool for Case Series Studies.RESULTSIn this systematic review of 31 studies and 3,850 patients, the overall p16 positivity was 13.6% (41 of 1,037 patients tested) with the highest proportion among oropharyngeal cancers (20.3%, 78 of 384 patients) and the overall HPV polymerase chain reaction positivity was 15.3% (542 of 3,548 samples tested) with the highest proportion among nasopharyngeal cancers (16.5%, 23 of 139 patients). Among the 369 HPV strains detected, the most common genotypes were HPV 16 (226 patients, 59.2%) and HPV 18 (78, 20.4%).CONCLUSIONHPV was found to be associated with a significant proportion of HNC in SSA. The genotypes reported suggest that the nine-valent vaccine and gender-neutral vaccination policies should be considered. Given that these studies may not accurately capture prevalence nor causation of HPV in HNC subsites, additional research is needed to provide a more thorough epidemiologic understanding of HPV-associated HNC in SSA, including risk factors and clinical outcomes.
Quasi-exact treatment of non-relativistic generalized hyperbolic potentials
Authors: Rath Biswanath , Sedaghatnia Parisa , Hassanabadi Hassan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The solution of the Schrödinger equation for the two quasi-exactly solvable potentials is presented using the Lie algebra approach. It is shown that all models give rise to the same basic differential equation which is quasi-exactly solvable. The eigenvalues, eigenfunctions and the allowed potential parameters are given for each of the two models in terms of the roots of a set of algebraic quasi-exact solvable methods.
Firearm-Related Traumatic Brain Injury Homicides in the United States, 2000-2019
Authors: Waltzman Dana , Sarmiento Kelly , Daugherty Jill , Lumba-Brown Angela , Klevens Joanne , Miller Gabrielle F. 
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of homicide-related death in the United States. Penetrating TBI associated with firearms is a unique injury with an exceptionally high mortality rate that requires specialized neurocritical trauma care.OBJECTIVE:To report incidence patterns of firearm-related and nonfirearm-related TBI homicides in the United States between 2000 and 2019 by demographic characteristics to provide foundational data for prevention and treatment strategies.METHODS:Data were obtained from multiple cause of death records from the National Vital Statistics System using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database for the years 2000 to 2019. Number, age-adjusted rates, and percent of firearm and nonfirearm-related TBI homicides by demographic characteristics were calculated. Temporal trends were also evaluated.RESULTS:During the study period, there were 77 602 firearm-related TBI homicides. Firearms were involved in the majority (68%) of all TBI homicides. Overall, men, people living in metro areas, and non-Hispanic Black persons had higher rates of firearm-related TBI homicides. The rate of nonfirearm-related TBI homicides declined by 40%, whereas the rate of firearm-related TBI homicides only declined by 3% during the study period. There was a notable increase in the rate of firearm-related TBI homicides from 2012/2013 through 2019 for women (20%) and nonmetro residents (39%).CONCLUSION:Firearm-related violence is an important public health problem and is associated with the majority of TBI homicide deaths in the United States. The findings from this study may be used to inform prevention and guide further research to improve treatment strategies directed at reducing TBI homicides involving firearms.
Arterial Supply of the Basal Ganglia: A Fiber Dissection Study
Authors: Kuzucu Pelin , Çeltikçi Pınar , Demirtaş Oğuz Kağan , Canbolat Çağrı , Çeltikçi Emrah , Demirci Harun , Özışık Pınar , Tubbs R. Shane , Pamir M. Necmettin , Güngör Abuzer 
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:
The basal ganglia, a group of subcortical nuclei located deep in the insular cortex, are responsible for many functions such as motor learning, emotion, and behavior control. Nowadays, because it has been shown that deep brain stimulation and insular tumor surgery can be performed by endovascular treatment, the importance of the vascular anatomy of the basal ganglia is being increasingly recognized.

OBJECTIVE:
To explain the arterial blood supply of the basal ganglia using white matter dissection.

METHODS:
The Klingler protocol was used to prepare 12 silicone-injected human hemispheres. The dissections were performed from lateral to medial with the fiber dissection technique to preserve arteries.

RESULTS:
The globus pallidus blood supply came from the medial lenticulostriate, lateral lenticulostriate, and anterior choroidal arteries; the substantia nigra and subthalamic nucleus were supplied by the branches of posterior cerebral artery; the putamen was supplied by the lateral and medial lenticulostriate arteries; and the caudate nucleus was supplied by the lateral lenticulostriate and medial lenticulostriate arteries and the recurrent artery of Heubner.

CONCLUSION:
Knowledge of the detailed anatomy of the basal ganglia and its vascular supply is essential for avoiding postoperative ischemic complications in surgeries related to the insula. In addition, knowledge of this anatomy and vascular relationship opens the doors to endovascular deep brain stimulation treatment. This study provides a 3-dimensional understanding of the blood supply to the basal ganglia by examining it using the fiber dissection technique. Further studies could use advanced imaging modalities to explore the vascular relationships with critical structures in the brain.
Toxoplasma gondiiscavenges mammalian host organelles through the usurpation of host ESCRT-III and Vps4A
Authors: Romano Julia D. , Mayoral Joshua , Guevara Rebekah B. , Rivera-Cuevas Yolanda , Carruthers Vern B. , Weiss Louis M. , Coppens Isabelle 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTIntracellular pathogens exploit cellular resources through host cell manipulation. Within its nonfusogenic parasitophorous vacuole (PV), Toxoplasma gondii targets host nutrient-filled organelles and sequesters them into the PV through deep invaginations of the PV membrane (PVM) that ultimately detach from this membrane. Some of these invaginations are generated by an intravacuolar network (IVN) of parasite-derived tubules attached to the PVM. Here, we examined the usurpation of host ESCRT-III and Vps4A by the parasite to create PVM buds and vesicles. CHMP4B associated with the PVM/IVN, and dominant-negative (DN) CHMP4B formed many long PVM invaginations containing CHMP4B filaments. These invaginations were shorter in IVN-deficient parasites, suggesting cooperation between the IVN and ESCRT. In infected cells expressing Vps4A-DN, enlarged intra-PV structures containing host endolysosomes accumulated, reflecting defects in PVM scission. Parasite mutants lacking T. gondii (Tg)GRA14 or TgGRA64, which interact with ESCRT, reduced CHMP4B-DN-induced PVM invaginations and intra-PV host organelles, with greater defects in a double knockout, revealing the exploitation of ESCRT to scavenge host organelles by Toxoplasma.
Multiple behaviors for turning performance of Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis)
Authors: Downs Abigail M. , Kolpas Allison , Block Barbara A. , Fish Frank E. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Tuna are known for exceptional swimming speeds, which are possible because of their thunniform lift-based propulsion, large muscle mass and rigid fusiform body. A rigid body should restrict maneuverability with regard to turn radius and turn rate. To test if turning maneuvers by the Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) are constrained by rigidity, captive animals were videorecorded overhead as the animals routinely swam around a large circular tank or during feeding bouts. Turning performance was classified into three different types: (1) glide turns, where the tuna uses the caudal fin as a rudder; (2) powered turns, where the animal uses continuous near symmetrical strokes of the caudal fin through the turn; and (3) ratchet turns, where the overall global turn is completed by a series of small local turns by asymmetrical stokes of the caudal fin. Individual points of the rostrum, peduncle and tip of the caudal fin were tracked and analyzed. Frame-by-frame analysis showed that the ratchet turn had the fastest turn rate for all points with a maximum of 302 deg s−1. During the ratchet turn, the rostrum exhibited a minimum global 0.38 body length turn radius. The local turn radii were only 18.6% of the global ratchet turn. The minimum turn radii ranged from 0.4 to 1.7 body lengths. Compared with the performance of other swimmers, the increased flexion of the peduncle and tail and the mechanics of turning behaviors used by tuna overcomes any constraints to turning performance from the rigidity of the anterior body morphology.
Verification Phase Confirms V̇O2max in a Hot Environment in Sedentary Untrained Males
Authors: PRYOR J. LUKE , LAO PETER , LEIJA ROBERT G. , PEREZ SERGIO , MORALES JACOBO , LOONEY DAVID P. , COCHRANE-SNYMAN KRISTEN C. 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
The verification phase is becoming the norm for confirming V̇O2max during a graded exercise test (GXT), but the use of such testing in untrained participants in the heat remains unknown.

Purpose
This study aimed to assess the V̇O2 uptake obtained during a GXT and subsequent verification phase in untrained participants in a hot environment.

Methods
Twelve sedentary males completed a GXT followed by a biphasic supramaximal-load verification phase in a hot environment (39°C, 32% relative humidity). Rest between tests occurred in a temperate chamber and lasted until gastrointestinal temperature returned to baseline.

Results
Mean verification phase V̇O2max (37.8 ± 4.3 mL·kg−1·min−1) was lower than GXT (39.8 ± 4.1 mL·kg−1·min−1; P = 0.03) and not statistically equivalent. Using an individualized analysis approach, only 17% (2/12) of participants achieved a V̇O2 plateau during the GXT. Verification phase confirmed GXT V̇O2max in 100% of participants, whereas the traditional and the new age-dependent secondary V̇O2max criteria indicated GXT V̇O2max achievement at much lower rates (8/12 [67%] vs 7/12 [58%], respectively). Correlational indices between GXT and verification phase V̇O2max were strong (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.95, r = 0.86), and Bland–Altman analysis revealed a low mean bias of −2.1 ± 1.9 mL·kg−1·min−1 and 95% limits of agreement (−5.8 to 1.7 mL·kg−1·min−1).

Conclusions
Very few untrained males achieved a V̇O2 plateau during GXT in the heat. When conducting GXT in a hot condition, the verification phase remains a valuable addition to confirm V̇O2max in untrained males.
Effect of Cadence on Physiological and Perceptual Responses during Eccentric Cycling at Different Power Outputs
Authors: MATER ADRIEN , BOLY ADRIEN , ASSADI HERVÉ , MARTIN ALAIN , LEPERS ROMUALD 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The effect of cadence in eccentric (ECC) cycling on physiological and perceptual responses is, to date, poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cadence during ECC cycling on muscular activation (EMG), oxygen consumption (V̇O2), and perceived effort (PE) for two different levels of power output.

Methods
Seventeen participants completed four sessions 1 wk apart: 1) determination of the maximal concentric peak power output (PPO) and familiarization with ECC cycling at five cadences (30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 rpm); 2) second familiarization with ECC cycling; 3) and 4) ECC cycling exercise consisting of 5 min at the five different cadences at either 40% or 60% PPO. PE was reported, and V̇O2 and EMG of seven muscles were calculated over the exercise’s last minute.

Results
PE, V̇O2, and global lower limb muscles activation (EMGALL) showed an effect of cadence (P < 0.001) and followed a curvilinear function. Both low and high cadences increased PE and V̇O2 responses compared with intermediate cadences. Although muscle activation of vastus lateralis follows a U-shaped curve with cadence, it was greater at low cadence for rectus femoris and biceps femoris, greater at high cadence for tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius medialis, and was not altered for soleus. The estimated optimal cadence was greater (all P < 0.01) for V̇O2 (64.5 ± 7.9 rpm) than PE (61.7 ± 9.4 rpm) and EMGALL (55.9 ± 9.3 rpm), but power output had no effect on the optimal cadences.

Conclusions
The physiological and perceptual responses to changes in cadence during ECC cycling followed a U-shaped curve with an optimal cadence depending on the parameter considered.