bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spermidine facilitates the adhesion and subsequent invasion ofSalmonellaTyphimurium into epithelial cells via the regulation of surface adhesive structures and the SPI-1
Authors: Nair Abhilash Vijay , Tatu Utpal Shashikant , Devasurmutt Yashas , Rahman S.A , Chakravortty Dipshikha 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPolyamines are poly-cationic molecules ubiquitously present in all organisms.Salmonellasynthesizes and also harbors specialized ABC transporters to uptake polyamines. Polyamines assist in pathogenesis and stress resistance inSalmonella; however, the mechanism remains elusive. The virulence trait ofSalmonelladepends on the injection of effector proteins into the host cell and modulation of host machinery and employs an array of arsenals to colonize in the host niche successfully. However, prior to this,Salmonellautilizes multiple surface structures to attach and adhere to the surface of the target cells. Our study solves the enigma of how polyamine spermidine assists in the pathogenesis of Salmonella. We show that spermidine mediates the initial attachment and adhesion ofSalmonellaTyphimurium to Caco-2 cells, facilitating its invasion. In-vivo studies showed that polyamines are required for invasion into the murine Peyer’s patches. Polyamines have previously been shown to regulate the transcription of multiple genes in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. We show that spermidine controls the RNA expression of the two-component system, BarA/SirA, that further regulates multiple fimbrial and non-fimbrial adhesins inSalmonella. Flagella is also a vital surface structure aiding in motility and attachment to surfaces of host cells and gall stones. Spermidine regulated the expression of flagellin genes by enhancing the translation of s28, which features an unusual start codon and a poor Shine-Dalgarno sequence. Besides regulating the formation of the adhesive structures, spermidine tunes the expression of theSalmonellapathogenicity island-1 encoded genes. Thus, our study unravels a novel mechanism by which spermidine aids in the adhesion and the subsequent invasion ofSalmonellainto host cells.
Manuscript title: Ultra-processed food consumption in UK adolescents: distribution, trends, and sociodemographic correlates using the National Diet and Nutrition Survey 2008/09 to 2018/19
Authors: Chavez-Ugalde Yanaina , De Vocht Frank , Jago Russell , Adams Jean , Ong Ken K. , Forouhi Nita , Colombet Zoé , Ricardo Luiza I.C. , Van Sluijs Esther , Toumpakari Zoi 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) has been proposed as a key driver of the global rise in non-communicable diseases. Evidence from several countries suggests that adolescents are the highest consumers. This study examined UPF consumption in a representative sample of UK adolescents.MethodsWe used data from 4-day food diaries from adolescents (11-18y) in the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2008/09-2018/19) (n=3,270). UPF were identified using the NOVA classification. We estimated the percentage of Total Energy Intake (%TEI) and the absolute weight (grams). Linear regression models quantified differences in UPF consumption across survey years and its association with participant’s individual characteristics.ResultsMean UPF consumption was 861 (SD 442) g/d and this accounted for 65.9% (SD 13.4%) of TEI. Between 2008 and 2019, mean UPF consumption decreased from 996 to 776 g/d [−211 (95%CI: −302;-120)] and from 67.7% to 62.8% of TEI [−4.8% (95%CI:-8.1;-1.5)]. Higher %TEI was consumed by adolescents with lower socioeconomic status; white ethnicity and living in England North. A higher weight of UPF consumption was associated with being male, white, age 18y, having parents with routine or manual occupation, living in England North, and living with obesity.Discussion and conclusionAverage energy intake from UPF has decreased over a decade in UK adolescents. We observed a social and regional patterning of UPF consumption, with higher consumption among adolescents from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, from a white ethnicity and living in England North. Our findings suggest a relationship between individual characteristics and UPF consumption by UK adolescents.
Consumer engagement behavior in the value co-creation process of healthcare services: a scoping review
Authors: Wu Chuanhui , Jiang Shaohai , Zhou Yusheng , Yuan Qinjian 
Published: June 2023

PurposeThe purpose of this review is to provide a conceptual framework of consumer engagement behavior in the value co-creation process of healthcare services, and further understand the current knowledge maps and advances.Design/methodology/approachSpecifically, the scoping review methodology is used to synthesize the extant findings. The authors first develop the inclusion/exclusion criteria to evaluate the source material for the review; then, the authors further conduct the literature refinement to select the final data sample. As such, the authors extract and analyze the information derived from these articles.FindingsThe authors found most related studies focus on exploring patients' engagement behavior in the value co-creation process, especially those with chronic disease; the findings also reveal that consumers are most likely to engage in the value co-creation process of healthcare services by seeking or sharing health information; also, consumers engagement behavior is mainly driven by individual, interactive, and technological factors; moreover, consumer engagement in the value co-creation of healthcare services are more likely to achieve positive health and behavioral outcomes.Originality/valueThe role of consumers has gradually shifted from that of passive recipients to that of active participants in the healthcare value co-creation process. Consumer engagement behavior is the key premise for the realization of healthcare value co-creation, and it has received increasing attention both academically and practically. By unearthing the conceptual framework of consumer engagement behavior in the value co-creation process of healthcare services, this study provides a systematic understanding and serves as a useful resource for future research and practice.
Moral laxity – the cognitive gap between true and pseudo corporate social responsibility
Authors: Hatami Akram , Hermes Jan , Firoozi Naser 
Published: June 2023

PurposeTo succeed in today’s dynamic and unpredictable business world, businesses are increasingly required to gain the trust of and inform the society in which they operate about the social and environmental consequences of their actions. Corporations’ claims regarding the responsibility and ethicality of their actions, however, have been shown to be contradictory to some degree. We define corporations’ deceitful implementation of their corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as pseudo-CSR. We argue that it is the moral characteristics of individuals, i.e. employees, managers and other decision-makers who ignore the CSR policies, which produce pseudo-CSR.Design/methodology/approachThis is a conceptual paper.FindingsThe authors conceptualize the gap between true CSR and pseudo-CSR on a cognitive individual level as “moral laxity,” resulting from organization-induced lack of effort concerning individual moral development through ethical discourse, ethical sensemaking and subjectification processes. The absence of these processes prohibits individuals in organizations from constructing ethical identities to inhibit pseudo-CSR activities.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the literature on CSR by augmenting corporate-level responsibility with the hitherto mostly neglected, yet significant, role of the individual in bridging this gap.
Hybridized nanofluidic convection in umbrella-shaped porous thermal systems with identical heating and cooling surfaces
Authors: Biswas Nirmalendu , Mandal Dipak Kumar , Manna Nirmal K. , Gorla Rama S.R. , Chamkha Ali J. 
Published: June 2023

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the impact of different heater geometries (flat, rectangular, semi-elliptical and triangular) on hybrid nanofluidic (Cu–Al2O3–H2O) convection in novel umbrella-shaped porous thermal systems. The system is top-cooled, and the identical heater surfaces are provided centrally at the bottom to identify the most enhanced configuration.Design/methodology/approachThe thermal-fluid flow analysis is performed using a finite volume-based indigenous code, solving the nonlinear coupled transport equations with the Darcy number (10–5≤ Da ≤ 10–1), modified Rayleigh number (10 ≤ Ram≤ 104) and Hartmann number (0 ≤ Ha ≤ 70) as the dimensionless operating parameters. The semi-implicit method for pressure linked equations algorithm is used to solve the discretized transport equations over staggered nonuniform meshes.FindingsThe study demonstrates that altering the heater surface geometry improves heat transfer by up to 224% compared with a flat surface configuration. The triangular-shaped heating surface is the most effective in enhancing both heat transfer and flow strength. In general, flow strength and heat transfer increase with rising Ramand decrease with increasing Da and Ha. The study also proposes a mathematical correlation to predict thermal characteristics by integrating all geometric and flow control variables.Research limitations/implicationsThe present concept can be extended to further explore thermal performance with different curvature effects, orientations, boundary conditions, etc., numerically or experimentally.Practical implicationsThe present geometry configurations can be applied in various engineering applications such as heat exchangers, crystallization, micro-electronic devices, energy storage systems, mixing processes, food processing and different biomedical systems (blood flow control, cancer treatment, medical equipment, targeted drug delivery, etc.).Originality/valueThis investigation contributes by exploring the effect of various geometric shapes of the heated bottom on the hydromagnetic convection of Cu–Al2O3–H2O hybrid nanofluid flow in a complex umbrella-shaped porous thermal system involving curved surfaces and multiphysical conditions.
Does urbanization cause energy consumption amidst globalization and FDI in South Asia? A pooled mean group estimation
Authors: Islam Md. Saiful 
Published: June 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of urbanization on energy consumption, including economic growth, globalization and “foreign direct investment (FDI)” inflow as control variables.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses yearly panel data from 19071 to 2018 on five selected South Asian economies. It applies the “pooled mean group (PMG)” estimator and the “Dumitrescu-Hurlin (D-H)” panel causality test.

Findings
The PMG estimators reveal that urbanization causes energy consumption negatively in the long run because of an unusual and messy urbanization process. At the same time, it has no impact on the latter in the short run. Per capita income has both long- and short-run positive influences on energy use. Globalization causes energy consumption positively in the long run but does not affect it in the short run. FDI inflow has a strong positive impact on energy use in the long run and adverse effects in the short run. The Dumitrescu–Hurlin causality test reveals feedback relationships between “urbanization and energy consumption,” “globalization and energy consumption” and one-way causation from “per capita income to energy consumption.” It validates the findings of the PMG estimators.

Practical implications
The results of this study indicate that South Asia may focus on enhancing the availability of energy in the region and producing more renewable energy to add to its energy portfolio to meet growing energy demand, particularly among urban dwellers. Moreover, they should raise their real per capita incomes and augment the standard of living of low-income city dwellers to make urbanization more serviceable and comfortable.

Originality/value
This study is original. As far as the author is aware, this is a maiden attempt to investigate urbanization's effects on energy usage in South Asia in the preview of globalization and FDI.
Effects of long‐term fixed fire regimes on African savanna vegetation biomass, vertical structure and tree stem density
Authors: Singh Jenia , Boucher Peter B. , Hockridge Evan G. , Davies Andrew B. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Fire plays an integral role in shaping the vegetation structure of savanna ecosystems. However, the effects of fire regime characteristics, such as frequency and season of burn, on savanna vegetation structure, biomass and tree abundance across landscape types are largely unknown.

We used high‐resolution airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) to investigate the long‐term effects of fire manipulation on savanna vegetation in Kruger National Park, South Africa. We analysed the effects of fire exclusion and experimental burns every 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 years and during different seasons on aboveground biomass (AGB), tree stem densities and vegetation vertical height profiles across a rainfall gradient and on contrasting geologies.

Across savanna types, and especially in drier savannas, fire season was more influential for constraining AGB than fire frequency. Plots experiencing fires during the late‐ and mid‐dry season had 44.50% and 43.60%, respectively, lower AGB relative to unburnt plots than wet‐season fires. However, in mesic savannas, fire frequency interacted with fire season to influence AGB: plots subjected to high frequency, dry‐season fires had 55.35% lower AGB than unburnt plots, whereas plots burnt in the wet season at lower frequencies had lower AGB (24.40% lower than unburnt plots) than plots subjected to high frequency, wet‐season fires (13.74% lower AGB than unburnt plots).

Fire regimes had variable effects on tree densities, and effects varied with the savanna type. Woody vertical vegetation profiles showed the largest differences in response to dry‐season fires, with the greatest divergence in vegetation height classes <5 m.

Synthesis and applications. Understanding the influence of fire regimes on vegetation structure has important implications for the management of savanna heterogeneity and for predicting trajectories of change in savanna vegetation as fire regimes vary with climate change. We show that the magnitude of the effect of fire on woody vegetation structure varies with savanna context. Our results suggest that heterogeneous vegetation structure can be achieved by applying fires in the dry season in mesic savannas, whereas in dry savannas, variation in fire regimes is less consequential for constraining biomass accumulation and altering vegetation structure.
Relationship between SHP2 gene polymorphisms and systemic lupus erythematosus risk
Authors: Li Rong , Zhou Ling , Yang Chan , Xu Wang‐Dong , Huang An‐Fang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disorder. SHP2, a non‐transmembrane member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family, can be involved in multiple signaling pathways in inflammatory response. To date, it remains to be investigated whether polymorphisms in the SHP2 gene are correlated with SLE in the Chinese Han population.MethodA study comprising 320 SLE patients and 400 healthy individuals was performed. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs4767860, rs7132778, rs7953150) of the SHP2 gene were genotyped using the Kompetitive Allele‐Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction method.ResultsGenotypes of rs4767860 (AA, AG + AA) and rs7132778 (AA, AC + AA), and alleles of rs4767860 (A) and rs7132778 (A) were associated with SLE risk. Genotype AA of rs7132778 and allele A of rs7132778 and rs7953150 were associated with oral ulcers in SLE patients. Allele C of rs7132778 and genotype AA and allele A of rs7953150 were associated with pyuria. Patients who carried AA genotype and allele A of rs7953150 are more likely to develop hypocomplementemia. AA and AG genotype frequencies are more raised in patients with SLE with alopecia than in those without alopecia. Patients who carried AA and AG genotypes of rs4767860 had elevated C‐reactive protein levels.ConclusionGene polymorphisms of SHP2 (rs4767860, rs7132778) are relevant to SLE susceptibility.
Screen media exposure and young children's vocabulary learning and development: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Jing Mengguo , Ye Ting , Kirkorian Heather L. , Mares Marie‐Louise 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis meta‐analysis synthesizes research on media use in early childhood (0–6 years), word‐learning, and vocabulary size. Multi‐level analyses included 266 effect sizes from 63 studies (Ntotal = 11,413) published between 1988–2022. Among samples with information about race/ethnicity (51%) and sex/gender (73%), most were majority White/Non‐Hispanic and between 40%–60% female. Analyses revealed a small overall positive relation between screen media exposure and vocabulary (r = .23). Experimental studies yielded a small‐to‐medium effect (r = .30), with stronger effects for e‐books than TV/video or games/apps, and non‐significant effects for video chat. In correlational studies, there was no overall association between vocabulary size and naturalistic media exposure (r = .07), with the exception of naturalistic exposure to educational media (r = .17).
Networking, Employment Services and Information: Key Findings from a Survey on Intra‐EU Mobility of High‐Skilled Women
Authors: Gomes de Araujo Anelise 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEmpirical evidence demonstrates that there has been a significant increase in the number of high‐skilled mobile workers in the European Union. Given scant understanding of the experience of female high‐skilled intra‐EU mobiles, this paper uses unique qualitative data collected through an online survey to investigate their labour market integration. Findings highlighted two main features: first, the use of social networks as an essential strategy on job search and entry; and second, the inadequate availability and access to support services and relevant information. The paper draws on these findings to advocate for a gender perspective about the experiences and outcomes, as well as responses to obstacles in the path of labour market integration of high‐skilled intra‐EU workers. This is relevant to avoid having these workers’ experience invisible and thus to suggest consistent labour market activation policies in support of this group, particularly towards those looking for work opportunities and older workers.
Learning equilibrium mean‐variance strategy
Authors: Dai Min , Dong Yuchao , Jia Yanwei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe study a dynamic mean‐variance portfolio optimization problem under the reinforcement learning framework, where an entropy regularizer is introduced to induce exploration. Due to the time–inconsistency involved in a mean‐variance criterion, we aim to learn an equilibrium policy. Under an incomplete market setting, we obtain a semi‐analytical, exploratory, equilibrium mean‐variance policy that turns out to follow a Gaussian distribution. We then focus on a Gaussian mean return model and propose a reinforcement learning algorithm to find the equilibrium policy. Thanks to a thoroughly designed policy iteration procedure in our algorithm, we prove the convergence of our algorithm under mild conditions, despite that dynamic programming principle and the usual policy improvement theorem failing to hold for an equilibrium policy. Numerical experiments are given to demonstrate our algorithm. The design and implementation of our reinforcement learning algorithm apply to a general market setup.
Decentering intensive mothering: More fully accounting for race and class in motherhood norms
Authors: Minnotte Krista Lynn 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn 1996 Sharon Hays published The Cultural Contradictions of Motherhood describing the ideology of intensive mothering calling upon mothers to engage in a time‐intensive, expensive, and expert‐informed style of mothering. In this article, I describe the historical circumstances giving rise to intensive mothering and how structural and historical realities diverge across race and class. I argue that enactments of motherhood are varied, forming a mosaic of motherhood enactments informed by mothers' social locations, including their positions in racialized and classed hierarchies. Mothers operating from marginalized locations innovate and resist intensive mothering, while also being judged by these norms, despite often lacking the resources to meet them. Privileged, primarily White mothers, have been able to harness their resources to achieve intensive mothering and redefine what constitutes good mothering to match the style of mothering they practice. Among some privileged, predominantly White mothers, I contend an even more intense version of intensive mothering is being practiced, with some moving beyond being “expert informed” to positioning themselves as the experts who possess specialized knowledge superior to that of medical and educational experts. All told, I argue that mothering enactments are more diverse than is often portrayed by the concept of intensive mothering.
White people's activism in US‐ based social movements for racial justice
Authors: Russo Chandra 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThere is a long history of small groups of white activists engaging in social movements for racial justice led by Black Indigenous and People of Color in the United States. Yet organized white antiracism has received much less study than white racism. From forging antiracist identities to crafting racial justice organizing strategies, white people's involvement in BIPOC‐led liberation struggles has proven both promising and problematic. This article explores what scholars know about white people's involvement in US‐ based racial justice efforts in order to pose central questions and quandaries for future study. It focuses on white antiracist activism in the United States beginning in the Civil Rights era. During the late 20th century, US‐based racial justice campaigns became fragmented across diverse networks and issue areas making it harder to locate groups of white people collectively aligning with a visible and unified social movement for racial justice. This appears to be shifting. Racial logics and racist regimes have proven themselves eminently flexible, and investigating how white people have tried to join social movements for racial justice illuminates important areas for future study.