bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistence and Burn-in in Solar Coronal Magnetic Field Simulations
Authors: Hall Eric J. , Meyer Karen A. , Yeates Anthony R. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Simulations of solar phenomena play a vital role in space-weather prediction. A critical computational question for automating research workflows in the context of data-driven solar coronal magnetic field simulations is quantifying a simulation's burn-in time, after which a solar quantity has evolved away from an arbitrary initial condition to a physically more realistic state. A challenge to quantifying simulation burn-in is that the underlying solar processes and data, like many physical phenomena, are non-Markovian and exhibit long memory or persistence and, therefore, their analysis evades standard statistical approaches. In this work, we provide evidence of long memory in the nonperiodic variations of solar quantities (including over timescales significantly shorter than previously identified) and demonstrate that magnetofrictional simulations capture the memory structure present in magnetogram data. We also provide an algorithm for the quantitative assessment of simulation burn-in time that can be applied to nonstationary time series with long memory. Our approach is based on time-delayed mutual information, an information-theoretic quantity, and includes a small-sample bias correction.
An Effect Study of Structural Jets on the Long Gamma-Ray Burst Formation Rate at Low Redshift
Authors: Guo Qi , Tan Qi , Shi Benyun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are considered the most violent explosions in the Universe. Numerous studies have analyzed the formation rate of long gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs), which originate from the core collapse of massive stars, in comparison with the star formation rate (SFR). It is found that the LGRB formation rate at redshift z < 1 is significantly distinct from the SFR and is higher. Moreover, due to the threshold of detectors, the structured jets of GRBs also affect detection numbers at different redshifts, which all influence the calculation of the formation rate. Thus we investigate the LGRB formation rate at low redshift and further explore the possible correlation between the LGRB formation rate under the influence of structural jets and the SFR. We use Lynden-Bell's c
− method to study the luminosity function and rate of Swift LGRBs without any assumptions. After correcting for the redshift evolution, the luminosity function can be expressed as

ψ
(

L
0

)
∝

L
0

−
0.17
±
0.01

for dim LGRBs and

ψ
(

L
0

)
∝

L
0

−
1.36
±
0.05

for bright LGRBs, and the formation rate at z < 1 shows an increase. Then we use Monte Carlo simulations to create pseudo-GRBs with structured jets and calculate the formation rates assuming that the actual LGRB formation rate at low redshift is proportional to the SRF. The results demonstrate that structural jets increase the number of detections at low redshift in response to observational effects. Compared with the observed formation rate, the structured jet model with Gauss-cocoon is found to be relatively more efficient, and the parameters η of this model are limited and analyzed to [0.5, 5].
The Multiple Extended Tidal Tails of NGC 288
Authors: Grillmair Carl J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Using photometry and proper motions from Pan-STARRS, DECaLS, and Gaia Data Release 3, we detect a ∼35°–70° long trailing stellar debris stream associated with the globular cluster NGC 288. The trajectory of the trailing tail is not well matched by a model stream evolved in a static Galactic potential, but is reasonably well matched by a stream modeled in a potential that incorporates a massive, infalling Large Magellanic Cloud. We also detect a broad, at least ∼40° long leading tail that appears to be composed of at least two narrower, spatially offset, and kinematically distinct streams. Stream modeling predicts a similar broad composite of streams and suggests that these narrower components could each be made up of one or more generations of tidal tails, each formed during different orbits over the past few gigayears. On the other hand, NGC 288 is believed to have been brought into the Galactic halo during the Gaia–Enceladus–Sausage accretion event, and the tangential velocity dispersions of our stream candidates are indeed mostly consistent with having been stripped in a parent galaxy that had a large, cored dark matter halo. Tables of the most highly ranked stream star candidates are provided for ongoing and future spectroscopic surveys.
A new process with zero emissions for truly biodegradable plastics
Authors: García Joan , Gonzalez-Flo Eva 
Published: January 2025

The widespread use of petrol-based plastics has led to an environmental problem, as these materials are prone to abandonment, breaking down into microplastics and nanoplastics that harm living organisms. While biodegradable plastics are seen as a solution, their global production still remains modest at 1.3 million tons in 2022 (vs. 400 million tons of petrol-based plastics). Moreover, many such plastics fail to biodegrade efficiently under all environmental conditions (marine, soil, rivers, etc.). Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are a type of bioplastics naturally produced by microorganisms. They are a promising alternative because they degrade completely in soil, water, and marine environments. However, their industrial production is still limited and needs further research and investment to scale up.
Commercially produced PHA is nowadays highly energy-intensive and relies heavily on organic raw materials and clean water, which conflicts with the EU&rsquo;s goals for a circular, sustainable economy. The current production process is far away from the zero emissions neutral carbon strategy. The EU Horizon 2020 PROMICON project has developed an innovative method that uses photosynthetic microorganisms (cyanobacteria) to produce PHA efficiently. This process uses sunlight, absorbs CO2, and requires minimal organic resources, aligning perfectly with EU bioeconomy goals.
Optimization of sago starch and sodium alginate crosslink, including calcium chloride as a capsule alternative using the simplex lattice design
Authors: Harimurti Sabtanti , Amalia Putri Nur , Sukamdi Dyani Primasari , Widada Hari , Nurul Makiyah Sri Nabawiyati , Kesetyaningsih Tri Wulandari , Ghozali Muhammad Thesa , Susanti Hari 
Published: January 2025

Background: Capsule shells are conventionally manufactured using gelatine, primarily sourced from bovine or porcine bones and skins, which presents significant concerns for Muslim consumers. This study seeks to optimize sago starch and sodium alginate crosslinking as viable alternatives to conventional gelatine-derived capsules.
Methods: Utilizing calcium chloride (CaCl₂) as a crosslinking agent, three formulations were developed: F1 (100% sago starch), F2 (50% sago starch, 50% sodium alginate), and F3 (100% sodium alginate). The Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) was employed to determine the optimal capsule characteristics.
Results: Formula F2 showed optimal characteristics with 8.165% weight uniformity deviation, 49.607% water swelling, and a destruction time of 9 minutes, 25 seconds. FTIR confirmed hydroxyl groups with absorption shifts of 1463.6–1389.06 cm-1 in F2 and 1476.7–1394.81 cm-1 in F3.
Conclusion: CaCl₂ proved effective for crosslinking sago starch and sodium alginate. SLD identified a 10% starch, 90% alginate ratio as optimal, enhancing capsule uniformity and stability.
A study to assess the effectiveness of self-instructional module on knowledge regarding management of preterm babies among staff nurses at Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Authors: Mushtaq Nusrat , Tabasum Syed Rafia , Naik Sajad Hussain , Amin Noorul 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

AIM AND OBJECTIVES:
The study was conducted with an aim to improve the knowledge of staff nurses regarding management of preterm babies and to assess the effectiveness of SIM related to improvement in knowledge of staff nurses regarding management of preterm babies.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A pre -experimental one group pre-test and post-test design was used for the study in order to evaluate the effectiveness of self-instructional module on knowledge regarding management of preterm babies among staff nurses in SKIMS Soura Srinagar. Purposive-convenient sampling technique was used for selection of 60 staff nurses from accessible population. The prepared tool (self-structured knowledge questionnaire) and intervention (self-instructional module) were validated by a panel of experts. Pre-testing of the tool and Intervention was done to check them for the clarity and feasibility. Pilot study was conducted on staff nurses who were excluded from the main study. Pre-test was done on a group of 60 staff nurses by administering structured questionnaire followed by self-instructional module on the same day and on day 7th post-test was conducted by using same questionnaire. The data collected was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.

RESULTS:
The knowledge level of study subjects regarding management of preterm babies showed that that majority i.e 53 (88.33%) staff nurses had moderate knowledge, 7 (11.67%) had inadequate knowledge and none of the staff nurses had adequate knowledge regarding management of preterm babies in the pretest while as 33 (55%) staff nurses had moderate knowledge, 27 (45%) staff nurses had adequate knowledge and none of staff nurses had inadequate knowledge regarding management of preterm babies in the posttest. The comparison of pre and post-test knowledge of staff nurses revealed that there was significant increase in post-test knowledge level (40.75±1.94) of study subjects and was highly significant than pre-test knowledge level (20.78±4.24) and was found to be significant at p < 0.001 thus indicating the effectiveness of self-instructional module. The study revealed that there was significant association between pretest knowledge level with selected demographic variables [age in years (0.002), marital status (0.007), professional education (0.000), working experience in years (0.007) and number of children (0.05)].

CONCLUSION:
The findings of the study concluded that staff nurses were having inadequate knowledge regarding management of preterm babies. The self-informational module was found effective in increasing the knowledge level of staff nurses.
Socio-demographic background on malnutrition in under-5-year-old-pupils of selected public primary schools in Osun Central Senatorial District, Nigeria
Authors: Samson Adeogun Adedayo , Olufunlayo Adeoti Caroline , Oluremi Odedeji Joshua , Victor Odunlade Tunji , Adebayo Arogundade Lateef , Omobolaji Ogunshola Folusho 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

INTRODUCTION:
Malnutrition can be a life-threatening disease if it is not managed well at its onset, especially among young children. It contributes to a high mortality rate, cognitive impairment, and lifelong health issues for the affected person.

OBJECTIVE:
This study seeks to determine the prevalence of malnutrition (wasting and underweight) and its association with the socio-demographic background of under-5-year-olds within Osun Central Senatorial.

STUDY POPULATION AND METHOD:
This is a cross-sectional study conducted in the Osun Senatorial Districts of Osun State. A total of 300 students were randomly selected, and semi-structured questionnaires were used to obtain socio-demographic information on respondents. Anthropometric measurements of the weight and height of the respondents were taken. The body mass index and wasting were computed using WHO Anthro Plus software. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS (20). Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was used to describe the items included in the survey.

RESULTS:
Four (1.3%) out of 300 respondents were not wasted, 20 (6.7%) were moderately wasted, and 276 (92.0%) were severely wasted. Also, 45 (15.0%) had a normal weight, 56 (18.7%) were underweight, and 199 (66.3%) were severely underweight.

CONCLUSION:
The prevalence of wasting (98.7%) and underweight (85%) was high in this study.
Women’s experiences of abnormal uterine bleeding and treatment in Kashmir: A mixed methods study
Authors: Kausar Zeenat , Bashir Khalid , Bhat Ghulam Mohammad , Khan Shahzada Muhammad Salim 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a prevalent gynecological condition affecting 10–30% of women of reproductive age, significantly impairing physical, psychological, and social well-being. This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of women with AUB and assess its impact on their quality of life in the context of Kashmir, India.

OBJECTIVES:
The objectives of the study are as follows: (1) To explore the lived experiences of women with AUB and assess the impact of AUB on their quality of life. (2) To assess the quality of life of the AUB patients using the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A mixed methods study was conducted at Lal Ded Hospital, Kashmir, involving qualitative in-depth interviews and a quantitative survey. Fourteen women with AUB participated in interviews exploring their experiences with symptoms, treatment, and coping mechanisms. Thematic analysis followed Braun and Clarke’s six-step method. The quantitative component involved a survey of 70 women using the WHOQOL-BREF instrument to assess quality of life across four domains: physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze quantitative data.

RESULTS:
Thematic analysis identified five key themes: (1) limited health literacy and misconceptions about AUB, (2) normalization of symptoms due to menstrual taboos, (3) communication challenges with healthcare providers, (4) cultural influences on treatment-seeking behavior, and (5) psychological distress leading to diminished quality of life. Quantitative findings showed a significant decline in quality of life with increasing age, with the lowest scores observed in women aged 50 and above. Women with higher educational attainment reported better quality of life across all domains. The strongest correlation was found between physical health and social relationships, indicating a significant interconnection between these two aspects of quality of life.

CONCLUSION:
AUB significantly compromises the quality of life of women in Kashmir, compounded by cultural stigmas and healthcare access barriers. Strategies to improve health literacy, normalize menstrual health discussions, and enhance patient-provider communication are critical for addressing the burden of AUB and improving women’s overall well-being.
Our experiences in running Certificate in Health Professions Education course at Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Piryani Rano Mal , Buksh Hudebia Allah , Ujjan Ikramuddin , Memon Shazia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
One of the core roles of healthcare professionals working in medical, dental, nursing, and allied health sciences institutes is of a teacher. Teachers have to play multiple roles, for which capacity development is essential for understanding the basic and applied concepts of health profession education (HPE). A Certificate in Health Professions Education (CHPE) course, of 6-month duration, is necessary for faculty members to learn about the basic concepts and basics of applied concepts of HPE. Liaquat University of Medical Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan, started its CHPE course in 2021. The committee designed the curriculum and developed the admission policy and implementation strategy in 2020. The course has three modules titled teaching/learning, assessment, and curriculum. Three 4-day face-to-face interactive contact sessions are conducted at 2-monthly intervals; in between, vignette-based assignments are given to candidates. The assessment consists of three components: internal assessment during each contact session, assessment of assignments, and exit exam. Between 2021 and 2023, 144 candidates qualified in six batches. Overall verbal feedback was positive, and candidates seemed to be satisfied with content, process, and proceedings of the course; the long-term impact cannot be deduced from immediate feedback. We believe that the CHPE course builds the capacity of professionals of HPE as a teacher.
Policy recommendations for sustainable Universal Health Coverage implementation in Jammu and Kashmir: A scoping review
Authors: Rasool Shafiqa , Geer Mohammad Ishaq 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
Universal Health Coverage (UHC) means that all individuals receive the healthcare services they need without incurring financial hardships. Jammu and Kashmir encounters significant healthcare challenges due to its difficult terrain, occasionally resulting in disruptions in the functionality of the healthcare delivery system. At present, the hospital-centric model is contributing to increased healthcare costs. The greatest challenge to improve healthcare outcomes and achieve UHC lies in the adoption of integrated primary care services. This article presents policy recommendations specific to Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) that are required to develop comprehensive healthcare policy framework and facilitate integration in primary healthcare services.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A scoping review was conducted utilizing the framework established by Arksey and O’Malley (2005), which included six steps: (1) formulating the research question; (2) locating pertinent studies; (3) choosing a study; (4) creating data charts; (5) analyzing and summarizing the data; and (6) conducting a consultation exercise. Data analysis was done using framework analysis.

RESULTS:
The recommendations span multiple dimensions of UHC, including service coverage, financial coverage, and population coverage. By prioritizing primary care and preventive healthcare measures, J&K can effectively address the rising burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and enhance the health of its people.

NOVELTY:
This study explores the features of a comprehensive healthcare system that encompasses all the three dimensions of UHC such as financial coverage, service coverage, and population coverage. The integrated healthcare system has the potential to transform the healthcare landscape by promoting holistic and integrated care, personalized medicine, and evidence-based insights for preventive care and disease management. Together, these steps would improve healthcare outcomes, enhance patient experience, reduce cost of care, and increase efficiency and evidence-based decision making.
Incidentally Detected McCleery Syndrome during Handheld Breast Ultrasound
Authors: Arslan Aydan , Güldoğan Nilgün , Fidanci Özlem , Balkanli Bahadır 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
The goal of our study is to identify the prevalence of McCleery syndrome and categorize its clinical manifestations in patients who obtained a diagnostic breast ultrasonography at our clinic.

Methods:
Five thousand four hundred and twenty cases were reviewed in our clinic for diagnostic breast imaging between May 2021 and May 2022. Five thousand three hundred and two of the cases were female, while 118 were male. Duplex Doppler scanning was used to assess the subclavian vein and the axillary venous structures. The same radiologist performed all examinations; in cases where suspicion was warranted, a second radiologist’s opinion was acquired. The diagnosis was confirmed by consensus.

Results:
In 52 cases, McCleery syndrome was identified. Between the ages of 36 and 54 years, the average age was 47 years. In four of the patients, magnetic resonance venography supported the diagnosis. In most cases, McCleery syndrome was unilateral. In only two cases was it bilateral. The incidence of McCleery syndrome was 0.95% in our study. Pain was the most often reported symptom (53.8% of 28 cases). No symptoms were reported in 26.9% of the patients.

Conclusion:
During a breast ultrasound, radiologists should be aware of McCleery syndrome while assessing the axilla.
Epidemiological Characteristics of Dry Eye Disease in Asian and Asian Female Populations: A Database-Driven Descriptive Study
Authors: Zhang Han , Yang Kuiliang , Yang Wanju , Wan Shanshan , Yang Yanning , Xing Yiqiao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose:
To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of dry eye disease (DED) in Asian populations and among females.

Methods:
This study utilized the literature-derived database on DED risk factors, which includes data from 119 studies, and followed an evidence-based medicine retrieval strategy, searching globally for studies on risk factors for DED. Specifically, we focused on the Asian and Asian female populations. A descriptive statistical analysis was conducted on the definitions and prevalence of DED as provided in the database.

Results:
The study included a total of 139,556 participants, of which 74,258 were females. The overall prevalence of DED in Asians was found to be 23.9%, and it was observed to increase with age. Specifically, the prevalence was 16.2% in the group aged <30 years, and it increased to 26.7% in the group aged over 70 years. Among females, the prevalence of DED was higher at 28.1% compared to males at 20.1%. Furthermore, the prevalence of DED in females also increased with age, ranging from 39.9% in the group aged <40 years to 42.2% in the group aged over 60 years. The prevalence of DED between 2016 and 2022 was 35.3%, which indicated a significant increase of 14.6% compared to the period between 2008 and 2015. Notably, there were variations in the prevalence of DED across different regions and levels of development.

Conclusions:
This study reveals a common occurrence of DED among Asians and women. The prevalence rates vary among different countries, regions, development levels, and sample sizes, and there is an observed upward trend with the increase in survey year and age.
Clinical evaluation of Shvadamstradi Kashaya and Hajarulayahuda Bhasma in the management of Mutrashmari (urolithiasis): A single-arm, prospective, interventional study
Authors: Dhoke Sujata P. , Venkateshwarlu Bandi , Maheshwar Thugutla , Singh Renu , Gopod Savita P. , Khanduri Shruti , Tripathi Arunabh , Srikanth Narayanam 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

INTRODUCTION:
Urolithiasis is the third most prevalent disease of the urinary tract. The symptomatology of Ashmari closely aligns with the clinical presentation of urolithiasis mentioned in contemporary medical science. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the effect of Shvadamshtradi Kashaya and Hajarulayahuda Bhasma in treating urolithiasis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A total of 74 patients were enrolled who met the eligibility criteria, and 63 patients completed the trial. Diagnosis of urolithiasis was established based on the history, physical examination, laboratory, and radiological investigations. The trial drug Shvadamshtradi Kashaya was given in the dose of 50 mL in decoction form once a day before food and Hajarulayahuda Bhasma 500 mg twice a day in the capsule form along with lukewarm water after food for 84 days. The primary outcome was the radiological disappearance or reduction of calculi Size by the 84th Day.

RESULTS:
The study demonstrated a reduction in the size and number of calculi in participants with urolithiasis following 84 days of treatment, with the mean calculi size decreasing from 4.82 ± 1.53 mm to 4.24 ± 2.21 mm. A decrease in calculi number was observed in 50.9% of participants, while 25.4% showed no change, and 23.7% experienced an increase. Symptomatic improvements included reductions in colicky pain, burning micturition, turbid urination, dysuria, and nausea/vomiting. No adverse events were reported, underscoring the intervention's therapeutic potential.

CONCLUSIONS:
The findings of this study highlight the potential of Ayurvedic interventions; Shvadamstradi Kashaya and Hajarulayahuda Bhasma in the management of urolithiasis.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY OF INDIA:
CTRI/2017/03/008096 (dated March 15, 2017).