bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating the impact of stimulant use on initiation of buprenorphine and extended-release naltrexone in two clinical trials and real-world populations
Authors: Cook R. R. , Foot C. , Arah O. A. , Humphreys K. , Rudolph K. E. , Luo S. X. , Tsui J. I. , Levander X. A. , Korthuis P. T. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Co-use of stimulants and opioids is rapidly increasing. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have established the efficacy of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), but stimulant use may decrease the likelihood of initiating MOUD treatment. Furthermore, trial participants may not represent “real-world” populations who would benefit from treatment.

Methods
We conducted a two-stage analysis. First, associations between stimulant use (time-varying urine drug screens for cocaine, methamphetamine, or amphetamines) and initiation of buprenorphine or extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) were estimated across two RCTs (CTN-0051 X:BOT and CTN-0067 CHOICES) using adjusted Cox regression models. Second, results were generalized to three target populations who would benefit from MOUD: Housed adults identifying the need for OUD treatment, as characterized by the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH); adults entering OUD treatment, as characterized by Treatment Episodes Dataset (TEDS); and adults living in rural regions of the U.S. with high rates of injection drug use, as characterized by the Rural Opioids Initiative (ROI). Generalizability analyses adjusted for differences in demographic characteristics, substance use, housing status, and depression between RCT and target populations using inverse probability of selection weighting.

Results
Analyses included 673 clinical trial participants, 139 NSDUH respondents (weighted to represent 661,650 people), 71,751 TEDS treatment episodes, and 1,933 ROI participants. The majority were aged 30–49 years, male, and non-Hispanic White. In RCTs, stimulant use reduced the likelihood of MOUD initiation by 32% (adjusted HR [aHR] = 0.68, 95% CI 0.49–0.94, p = 0.019). Stimulant use associations were slightly attenuated and non-significant among housed adults needing treatment (25% reduction, aHR = 0.75, 0.48–1.18, p = 0.215) and adults entering OUD treatment (28% reduction, aHR = 0.72, 0.51–1.01, p = 0.061). The association was more pronounced, but still non-significant among rural people injecting drugs (39% reduction, aHR = 0.61, 0.35–1.06, p = 0.081). Stimulant use had a larger negative impact on XR-NTX initiation compared to buprenorphine, especially in the rural population (76% reduction, aHR = 0.24, 0.08–0.69, p = 0.008).

Conclusions
Stimulant use is a barrier to buprenorphine or XR-NTX initiation in clinical trials and real-world populations that would benefit from OUD treatment. Interventions to address stimulant use among patients with OUD are urgently needed, especially among rural people injecting drugs, who already suffer from limited access to MOUD.
Study on anxiety and depression in elderly patients with malignant liver tumor undergoing hepatectomy
Authors: Xu Lining , Xu Yingying , Li Guiping , Yang Bo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Patients with malignant tumors are more likely to have psychological problems due to their worries about their life expectancy. To understand the psychological status of elderly patients with malignant liver tumor undergoing hepatectomy better, the study was designed to investigate the current situation of anxiety and depression in elderly patients with malignant liver tumor undergoing hepatectomy and to analyze its related factors.

Methods
A total of 126 elderly patients with malignant liver tumor undergoing hepatectomy were selected as the research objects. The anxiety and depression of all subjects were evaluated by HADS (Hosptial Anxiety and Depression Scale). The correlation factors affecting the psychological state of elderly patients with malignant liver tumor undergoing hepatectomy were analyzed by linear regression method.

Results
The HADS-A score of elderly patients with malignant liver tumor undergoing hepatectomy was 8.79 ± 2.56, among which 37 patients were asymptomatic, 60 patients with suspicious symptoms, and 29 patients with definite symptoms. The HADS-D score was 8.40 ± 2.97, among which 61 patients were asymptomatic, 39 patients with suspicious symptoms, and 26 patients with definite symptoms. Multivariate analysis using linear regression method showed that FRAIL score, residence, and complication were significantly associated with anxiety and depression of elderly patients with malignant liver tumor undergoing hepatectomy.

Conclusions
Anxiety and depression in elderly patients with malignant liver tumor undergoing hepatectomy were obvious. FRAIL score, regional differences, and the complication were the risk factors for anxiety and depression in elderly patients with malignant liver tumor undergoing hepatectomy. Improving frailty, reducing regional differences, and preventing complications is beneficial to alleviate the adverse mood of elderly patients with malignant liver tumor undergoing hepatectomy.
Establishing a standard method for analysing case detection delay in leprosy using a Bayesian modelling approach
Authors: Hambridge Thomas , Coffeng Luc E. , de Vlas Sake J. , Richardus Jan Hendrik 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae and remains a source of preventable disability if left undetected. Case detection delay is an important epidemiological indicator for progress in interrupting transmission and preventing disability in a community. However, no standard method exists to effectively analyse and interpret this type of data. In this study, we aim to evaluate the characteristics of leprosy case detection delay data and select an appropriate model for the variability of detection delays based on the best fitting distribution type.

Methods
Two sets of leprosy case detection delay data were evaluated: a cohort of 181 patients from the post exposure prophylaxis for leprosy (PEP4LEP) study in high endemic districts of Ethiopia, Mozambique, and Tanzania; and self-reported delays from 87 individuals in 8 low endemic countries collected as part of a systematic literature review. Bayesian models were fit to each dataset to assess which probability distribution (log-normal, gamma or Weibull) best describes variation in observed case detection delays using leave-one-out cross-validation, and to estimate the effects of individual factors.

Results
For both datasets, detection delays were best described with a log-normal distribution combined with covariates age, sex and leprosy subtype [expected log predictive density (ELPD) for the joint model: −1123.9]. Patients with multibacillary (MB) leprosy experienced longer delays compared to paucibacillary (PB) leprosy, with a relative difference of 1.57 [95% Bayesian credible interval (BCI): 1.14–2.15]. Those in the PEP4LEP cohort had 1.51 (95% BCI: 1.08–2.13) times longer case detection delay compared to the self-reported patient delays in the systematic review.

Conclusions
The log-normal model presented here could be used to compare leprosy case detection delay datasets, including PEP4LEP where the primary outcome measure is reduction in case detection delay. We recommend the application of this modelling approach to test different probability distributions and covariate effects in studies with similar outcomes in the field of leprosy and other skin-NTDs.

Graphical Abstract
The role of resilience in the relationship between role stress and psychological well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Padmanabhanunni Anita , Pretorius Tyrone B , Khamisa Natasha 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Stress resistance resources, such as social support and resilience, have been found to be important in promoting psychological well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, most prior research studies have conceptualized stress resistance resource variables as having a mediating or moderating role. Cooper (2018) proposed a model of the relationship between stress and health which posits that coping resources are always present and not only invoked in the face of adversity. Thus, we hypothesize that coping resources are causally antecedent to stressors and influence well-being indirectly via the stressor. We focused specifically on school teachers due to them being at the frontlines of service provision during the pandemic. Teaching was already identified as a highly stressful profession prior to COVID-19 and disease containment measures placed additional strain on teachers who had to adapt to emergency remote teaching.

Aim
The current study tests this hypothesis by examining the indirect effects of resilience on indices of psychological health via role stress.

Methods
Participants (N = 355) were teachers who completed the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10, the Role Stress Scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait Scale, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. An electronic version of the questionnaires was distributed to teachers via Facebook and to officials from the Department of Education, who assisted with distribution of the electronic link to the survey. Participants were mostly women (76.6%) and mean number of years in the teaching profession was 15.7.

Results
Structural equation modelling results demonstrated significant direct effects of resilience on life satisfaction, anxiety, and depression, which indicates that resilience is beneficial for psychological health even in the absence of stress. Resilience also had a significant indirect effect on indices of psychological well-being via role ambiguity but not role conflict.

Conclusion
These findings have theoretical implications for the understanding of the role of resilience in promoting psychological health among educators. Practical implications include an empirical contribution to education policy and information that can inform interventions aimed to promote resilience among educators.
Exploration of a virtual restoration practice route for architectural heritage based on evidence-based design: a case study of the Bagong House
Authors: Zhang Ziyi , Zou Yiquan , Xiao Wei 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Architectural heritage is a testament to human and natural development, and the process of human social development can be glimpsed through the study and exploration of heritage. However, in the long history of human social development, architectural heritage is vanishing, and protecting and restoring such heritage is a pressing issue in contemporary society. This study applies the evidence-based theory of medicine to the virtual restoration practice of architectural heritage, which focuses more on scientific data-driven research and decision-making than does traditional restoration. Combined with the practice of evidence-based medicine, the stages of digital conservation of architectural heritage for virtual restoration based on evidence-based design are investigated, forming a comprehensive knowledge system consisting of clear objectives, evidence-based research, evidence assessment, virtual restoration-guided practice, and post feedback. In addition, it is emphasized that the restoration of architectural heritage should be founded on the outcomes obtained through evidence-based practice that have been translated into evidence, in turn creating a rigorous evidence-based system with high-frequency feedback. The final illustration of the procedure is the Bagong House in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The examination of this practice line provides a scientific, humanistic, and practicable theoretical framework for the restoration of architectural heritage and fresh ideas for the restoration of other cultural assets, which have significant practical application value.
Temporal change in rock-magnetic properties of volcanic ashes ejected during a 1-year eruption event: a case study on the Aso Nakadake 2019–2020 eruption
Authors: Anai Chisato , Ohkura Takahiro , Yoshikawa Shin , Mochizuki Nobutatsu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe investigated temporal changes in the rock-magnetic properties of volcanic ash ejected from the Aso Nakadake volcano during a sequence of ash eruptions from 2019 to 2020. For 39 volcanic ash samples, magnetic hysteresis parameters, including saturation magnetization (Ms), saturation remanent magnetization (Mrs), coercivity (Bc), and coercivity of remanence (Bcr), were obtained. Curie temperature (Tc) of the samples was also estimated using thermomagnetic analyses. Titanium-rich and -poor titanomagnetites were the dominant magnetic minerals in the volcanic ash, of which the titanium-rich phase was dominant. Systematic magnetic measurements of the volcanic ash ejected during the 1-year eruption event indicate that temporal changes in the hysteresis parameters occurred throughout the event. These temporal changes suggest that the Mrs/Ms and Bc values of the volcanic ash increased considerably during several periods. The clear increases in Mrs/Ms and Bc, associated with the central peak in FORC diagrams, indicate that non-interacting single-domain grains increased. For these high Mrs/Ms and Bc samples, thermal demagnetizations of 3-axis IRM show that the low unblocking-temperature component up to 250–300 °C has apparently higher coercivity, suggesting that the above-mentioned, non-interacting single-domain grains are Ti-rich titanomagnetite. Interestingly, the high Mrs/Ms and Bc values were synchronous with observations of volcanic glow. These results suggest that changes in the magnetic properties of titanomagnetite grains in volcanic ash reflect changes in physical conditions from the vent to the conduit of the volcano.
Graphical Abstract
Rediscovery of poly(ethylene glycol)s as a cryoprotectant for mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Patel Madhumita , Park Jin Kyung , Jeong Byeongmoon 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
A medium containing dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (10% v/v) is most widely used for cell cryopreservation at –196 °C. However, residual DMSO consistently raises concerns because of its toxicity; thus, its complete removal process is required.

Method
As biocompatible polymers approved by the Food and Drug Administration for various biomedical applications for humans, poly(ethylene glycol)s (PEGs) with various molecular weights (400, 600, 1 K, 1.5 K, 5 K, 10 K, and 20 K Da) were studied as a cryoprotectant of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Considering the cell permeability difference of PEGs depending on their molecular weight, the cells were preincubated for 0 h (no incubation), 2 h, and 4 h at 37 °C in the presence of PEGs at 10 wt.% before cryopreservation at –196 °C for 7 days. Then, cell recovery was assayed.

Results
We found that low molecular weight PEGs (400 and 600 Da) exhibit excellent cryoprotecting properties by 2 h preincubation, whereas intermediate molecular weight PEGs (1 K, 1.5 K, and 5 K Da) exhibit their cryoprotecting properties without preincubation. High molecular weight PEGs (10 K and 20 K Da) were ineffective as cryoprotectants for MSCs. Studies on ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI), ice nucleation inhibition (INI), membrane stabilization, and intracellular transport of PEGs suggest that low molecular weight PEGs (400 and 600 Da) exhibit excellent intracellular transport properties, and thus the internalized PEGs during preincubation contribute to the cryoprotection. Intermediate molecular weight PEGs (1 K, 1.5 K, and 5 K Da) worked by extracellular PEGs through IRI, INI, as well as partly internalized PEGs. High molecular weight PEGs (10 K and 20 K Da) killed the cells during preincubation and were ineffective as cryoprotectants.

Conclusions
PEGs can be used as cryoprotectants. However, the detailed procedures, including preincubation, should consider the effect of the molecular weight of PEGs. The recovered cells well proliferated and underwent osteo/chondro/adipogenic differentiation similar to the MSCs recovered from the traditional DMSO 10% system.

Graphical Abstract
Adverse selection, loan access and default behavior in the Chilean consumer debt market
Authors: Madeira Carlos 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWhy do households use different types of loans? Which factors cause borrowers to default? Using a comprehensive survey dataset from Chile, I estimate a partial information model of consumer debt access, lender choice, loan amount and default. The model consists of a first-stage multinomial logit that explains the choice across the five loan types, plus the options of no access to debt due to credit constraints and a no wish for consumer debt. In the second and third stages, the model assumes a log-linear regression of the debt amount and a logit regression of the default behavior, accounting for the loan type selection probability. Identification is obtained using factors measured at different time periods for the default and the loan type choices. I find that households choose different lenders based on income, education and labor risks. Higher income and education decrease the probability of credit constraints, while increasing bank lending and debt amounts. Unemployment risk and household size increase the chances of all the loan types; however, unemployment decreases the debt amount. Age and wage volatility reduce the probability of all loans. Default decreases with income, education and age, whereas it increases with indebtedness, unemployment, household size, health shocks, and paying previous loans. Counterfactual exercises demonstrate that pension reform, higher requirements for borrowers’ capacities, and financial literacy programs could substantially reduce default risk. Financial literacy could greatly reduce arrears, households with credit constraints, the number of debtors and the aggregate debt amounts, especially for non-bank lending.
Injury-induced interleukin-1 alpha promotes Lgr5 hair follicle stem cells de novo regeneration and proliferation via regulating regenerative microenvironment in mice
Authors: Yang Guang , Chen Haiyan , Chen Qun , Qiu Jiayi , Qahar Mulan , Fan Zhimeng , Chu Weiwei , Tredget Edward E. , Wu Yaojiong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
The hair follicles (HFs) are barely regenerated after loss in injuries in mammals as well as in human beings. Recent studies have shown that the regenerative ability of HFs is age-related; however, the relationship between this phenomenon and the stem cell niche remains unclear. This study aimed to find a key secretory protein that promotes the HFs regeneration in the regenerative microenvironment.

Methods
To explore why age affects HFs de novo regeneration, we established an age-dependent HFs regeneration model in leucine-rich repeat G protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5) + /mTmG mice. Proteins in tissue fluids were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. The role and mechanism of candidate proteins in HFs de novo regeneration and hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) activation were investigated through in vivo experiments. The effects of candidate proteins on skin cell populations were investigated by cellular experiments.

Results
Mice under 3-week-old (3W) could regenerate HFs and Lgr5 HFSCs, which were highly correlated with the immune cells, cytokines, IL-17 signaling pathway, and IL-1α level in the regeneration microenvironment. Additionally, IL-1α injection induced de novo regeneration of HFs and Lgr5 HFSCs in 3W mouse model with a 5 mm wound, as well as promoted activation and proliferation of Lgr5 HFSCs in 7-week-old (7W) mice without wound. Dexamethasone and TEMPOL inhibited the effects of IL-1α. Moreover, IL-1α increased skin thickness and promoted the proliferation of human epidermal keratinocyte line (HaCaT) and skin-derived precursors (SKPs) in vivo and in vitro, respectively.

Conclusions
In conclusion, injury-induced IL-1α promotes HFs regeneration by modulating inflammatory cells and oxidative stress-induced Lgr5 HFSCs regeneration as well as promoting skin cell populations proliferation. This study uncovers the underlying molecular mechanisms enabling HFs de novo regeneration in an age-dependent model.
Comparison of CAT and short forms for PROMIS pain and physical health domains in children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Mason Sadie F. , Dasgupta Mahua , Flynn Kathryn E. , Simpson Pippa M. , Singh Ashima 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundPain and physical health domains included in Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System® (PROMIS®) can be administered as short forms (SF) or as computer adaptive tests (CAT). CAT is ideal in many settings but cannot be administered without specialized technology. We compared SF and CAT to identify items for customized SFs to improve the SF performance for children with sickle cell disease (SCD).MethodsEligible children 8–17 years old were administered CATs for 5 domains of physical health and 2 domains of pain, followed by any items on the corresponding SF that were not included in the CAT assessments. We describe the range of scores on the CAT and SFs, including the percentage of participants with floor or ceiling effects using the SF. The agreement and correlation between CAT and SF scores were assessed using Bland–Altman plots. Items frequently offered on CAT that had variable responses and were not already present on SF are recommended as additional items for customized SFs.ResultsAmong 90 children with SCD, there were strong correlations between CAT and SF scores (Concordance Correlation Coefficient > 0.8) however, the SFs for fatigue, mobility, strength impact, pain behavior, and pain interference had substantial floor/ceiling effects. Fatigue, mobility, physical stress experience, and pain behavior domains had items that were frequently offered on CAT, variable responses, and were not present on the SF.ConclusionsAdding items to the SFs for the fatigue, mobility, physical stress experience, and pain behavior domains may improve these domains’ SFs performance for children with SCD.
Root-knot nematode pathogen suppression in eggplant using antagonistic fungi
Authors: Uddin Jalal , Ullah Farman , Naz Ishrat , Ahmad Sarir , Saljoqi Ahmad-Ur-Rahman , Khan Shahid Sattar , Salim Muhammad 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood is a major pest of eggplant in Pakistan. The second-stage juveniles (J2s) feed on the roots of eggplant. Damaged roots swell and the plant exhibits stunted growth. Mostly farmers rely on the use of broad-spectrum nematicides. However, due to hazardous effects on the environment and non-target species, its application is greatly criticized. Fungal biocontrol agents have been long used for curtailing root-knot nematode infections. The present study was conducted to determine the virulence of four fungal biocontrol agents against M. incognita under laboratory and greenhouse conditions.

Results
The in vitro results revealed that Trichoderma harzianum significantly caused 77.60% egg inhibition, followed by Pochonia chlamydosporium (53.0%) at 1:1 concentration after 72 h. The maximum J2s mortality was achieved by T. harzianum (82.0%), followed by P. chlamydosporium (70.20%) at 1:1 concentration after 72 h. The in-planta examination carried out at a greenhouse demonstrated that the soil drench treatment of fungal biocontrol agents significantly suppressed M. incognita parameters and upraised the eggplant growth. The mean least number of galls (22.25) was in T. harzianum treated plants, while the control had (206.8) galls. Likewise, T. harzianum curtailed the least egg masses to 35.75 and swollen females to 21.12 than control negative (224.13 egg masses and 182.75 swollen females).

Conclusion
T. harzianum was the best agent to control M. incognita (J2s) effectively, followed by P. chlamydosporum. T. harzianum may be a contribution to the biological control of M. incognita in Pakistan.