bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing consciousness in patients with disorders of consciousness using soft-clustering
Authors: Adama Sophie , Bogdan Martin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractConsciousness is something we experience in our everyday life, more especially between the time we wake up in the morning and go to sleep at night, but also during the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep stage. Disorders of consciousness (DoC) are states in which a person’s consciousness is damaged, possibly after a traumatic brain injury. Completely locked-in syndrome (CLIS) patients, on the other hand, display covert states of consciousness. Although they appear unconscious, their cognitive functions are mostly intact. Only, they cannot externally display it due to their quadriplegia and inability to speak. Determining these patients’ states constitutes a challenging task. The ultimate goal of the approach presented in this paper is to assess these CLIS patients consciousness states. EEG data from DoC patients are used here first, under the assumption that if the proposed approach is able to accurately assess their consciousness states, it will assuredly do so on CLIS patients too. This method combines different sets of features consisting of spectral, complexity and connectivity measures in order to increase the probability of correctly estimating their consciousness levels. The obtained results showed that the proposed approach was able to correctly estimate several DoC patients’ consciousness levels. This estimation is intended as a step prior attempting to communicate with them, in order to maximise the efficiency of brain–computer interfaces (BCI)-based communication systems.
Short-term effect of plant-based Nordic diet versus carbohydrate-restricted diet on glucose levels in gestational diabetes – the eMOM pilot study
Authors: Markussen Lisa Torsdatter , Kivelä Jemina , Lindström Jaana , Ashrafi Reza A. , Heinonen Seppo , Koivusalo Saila , Meinilä Jelena 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The optimal nutritional treatment for gestational diabetes (GDM) is still a matter of debate. With increasing rates of GDM and potential negative consequences for the health of mother and child, the best treatment should be established. The Nordic diet with emphasis on plant-based protein show promising health outcomes in other populations but has yet to be investigated in GDM population. The aim of this study, which is part of the “Effect of plant-based Nordic diet versus carbohydrate-restricted diet on glucose levels in gestational diabetes” (eMOM) pilot study was to compare the short-term effects of healthy Nordic diet (HND) and the currently recommended moderate restriction of carbohydrates diet (MCRD) on glucose and lipid metabolism in women with GDM.

Methods
This was a randomized crossover where each of the diet interventions (HND and MCRD) were consumed for 3 days with a 3-day wash-out period in between. In total, 42 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM (< 29 + 0 gestational week) were randomized. Glucose data was collected by continuous glucose monitors (CGM, Freestyle Libre®, Abbott, USA) worn for 14 days, and participants gave blood samples before and after diet interventions. The primary outcome was time spent in glucose target range (TIR, < 7.8 mmol/L). TIR, 3-day mean tissue glucose as well as changes in fasting glucose, homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and blood lipids were analyzed with paired samples statistical analyses.

Results
Thirty-six women with complete 14 days CGM data were analyzed. Both diet interventions produced a high degree of TIR (99% SD 1.8), without a difference between the diets (p = 0.727). The 3-day mean glucose was significantly lower in HND than in MCRD (p = 0,049). Fasting insulin (p = 0,034), insulin resistance (p = 0,030), total and LDL cholesterol (p = 0,023 and 0,008) reduced more in the MCRD diet than the HND. NS differences in any other measure of CGM or blood tests.

Conclusions
HND and MCRD did not differ in terms of their short-term effect on TIR. A larger study with sufficient power is needed to confirm the differences in short-term mean glucose, insulin resistance and lipid metabolism.

Trial registration
Registered in clinicaltrials.gov (21/09/2018, NCT03681054).
A single, episodic event of unilateral/bilateral scrotal swelling in a group of adult boars at an Austrian boar stud
Authors: Schwarz Lukas , Dürlinger Sophie , Martin Vera , Weißenböck Herbert , Brunthaler Rene , Rümenapf Till , Auer Angelika , Loncaric Igor , Zimpernik Irene , Reisinger Nicole , Behler-Wöchtl Bettina , Scarlet Dragos , Althouse Gary , Kuster Chris , Kauffold Johannes , Segales Joaquim , Laitat Martine , Thilmant Pierre , Grahofer Alexander , Ladinig Andrea 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundScrotal swelling is a clinical situation which can be caused by different aetiologies. In this case report, we describe a multi-week episode of unilateral and bilateral scrotal swelling in boars at an Austrian boar stud and its diagnostic work-up.Case presentationIn the summer of 2020, the herd veterinarian of an Austrian boar stud reported that over a period of six weeks, five out of 70 boars presented with unilateral severe swelling of the left scrotum and three out of 70 boars with bilateral severe swelling of the left and moderate swelling of the right scrotum, respectively. A complete history was obtained and an on-site evaluation of the facility was done. Five boars were necropsied, and a variety of samples harvested for further diagnostic investigations. Infectious differential diagnoses associated with unilateral swelling of the scrotum or the testis were excluded through serological and tissue testing. In three of the five boars, histopathology revealed complete acute haemorrhagic necrosis of the left testis concurrent with strongly congested blood vessels. Review of the collected information with a group of experts in the field of boar stud management resulted with consensus that, most likely, trauma was the etiologic event causing the clinical signs and pathology. Coincident with discussion of implementing video recording cameras in the boar housing area, no further clinical cases followed. As this case occurred during the first lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic, we propose that the distress and travelling restrictions may have contributed to frustration among boar stud workers, which was consequently expressed as misbehaviour against boars.ConclusionsOnce all known infectious causes of unilateral swelling of the scrotum were excluded, a critical diagnostic work-up focused on non-infectious causes. Non-infectious causes, such as trauma, need to be carefully evaluated, as it may also include human misbehaviour against boars. Summarizing all findings of this case report, the authors hypothesize that a blunt trauma was the reason for the series of mainly unilateral swelling of the scrota of boars.
Study on transmission and reflection characteristics of plane S1 wave at the interface between saturated frozen soil and elastic solid bedrock
Authors: Jiang Huipeng , Ma Qiang , Zhang Wuyu 
Published: July 2023

Based on the propagation theory of elastic waves in frozen poroelastic media and elastic media, a theoretical model of saturated frozen soil and elastic solid bedrock is established. The saturated frozen soil is lying on an elastic solid bedrock and is modeled as a porous material containing a three-phase medium that contains two solids (soil skeleton and ice particles) and a compressible viscous fluid. Based on the Helmholtz vector decomposition and the boundary conditions on the interface, the theoretical expressions of the amplitude ratio and displacement of the plane S1 wave incident from the saturated frozen soil to the elastic solid bedrock interface are obtained. The effects of incidence angle, frequency, cementation parameters, saturation, and contact parameters on amplitude ratio and displacement were investigated. The results indicate that only S wave and horizontal displacement exist when the incident angle [Formula: see text] = 0°. As cementation parameters, saturation, porosity, and contact parameters increase, the critical angle appears earlier. Each wave has different degrees of pulses when reaching the critical angle, among which the transmitted P wave and the reflected S2 wave are the most significant. At higher saturation, it is observed that the amplitude ratio of the reflected S2 wave decreases significantly. The horizontal and vertical displacements increase significantly with increasing frequency.
Integrating self-supervised denoising in inversion-based seismic deblending
Authors: Luiken Nick , Ravasi Matteo , Birnie Claire 
Published: July 2023

To limit the time, cost, and environmental impact associated with the acquisition of seismic data in recent decades, considerable effort has been put into so-called simultaneous shooting acquisitions, where seismic sources are fired at short time intervals between each other. As a consequence, waves originating from consecutive shots are entangled within the seismic recordings, yielding so-called blended data. For processing and imaging purposes, the data generated by each individual shot must be retrieved. This process, called deblending, is achieved by solving an inverse problem that is heavily underdetermined. Conventional approaches rely on the action of the adjoint of the blending operator that renders the blending noise into burst-like noise while preserving the signal of interest. Compressed sensing type regularization is then applied, where sparsity in some domain is assumed for the signal of interest. The domain of choice generally depends on the acquisition geometry and the separability between the signal and noise within the chosen domain. In this work, we introduce a new concept that consists of embedding a self-supervised denoising network into the plug-and-play (PnP) framework. A novel network is introduced whose design extends an existing blind-spot network architecture for partially coherent noise (i.e., correlated in time). The network is then trained directly on the noisy input data at each step of the PnP algorithm. By leveraging the underlying physics of the problem and the great denoising capabilities of our blind-spot network, our algorithm is shown to outperform standard industry methods while being comparable in terms of computational cost. Moreover, being independent of the acquisition geometry, our method can be easily applied to marine and land data without any significant modification.
Radiation-Related Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Saenko Vladimir , Mitsutake Norisato 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRadiation is an environmental factor that elevates the risk of developing thyroid cancer. Actual and possible scenarios of exposures to external and internal radiation are multiple and diverse. This article reviews radiation doses to the thyroid and corresponding cancer risks due to planned, existing, and emergency exposure situations, and medical, public, and occupational categories of exposures. Any exposure scenario may deliver a range of doses to the thyroid, and the risk for cancer is addressed along with modifying factors. The consequences of the Chornobyl and Fukushima nuclear power plant accidents are described, summarizing the information on thyroid cancer epidemiology, treatment, and prognosis, clinicopathological characteristics, and genetic alterations. The Chornobyl thyroid cancers have evolved in time: becoming less aggressive and driver shifting from fusions to point mutations. A comparison of thyroid cancers from the 2 areas reveals numerous differences that cumulatively suggest the low probability of the radiogenic nature of thyroid cancers in Fukushima. In view of continuing usage of different sources of radiation in various settings, the possible ways of reducing thyroid cancer risk from exposures are considered. For external exposures, reasonable measures are generally in line with the As Low As Reasonably Achievable principle, while for internal irradiation from radioactive iodine, thyroid blocking with stable iodine may be recommended in addition to other measures in case of anticipated exposures from a nuclear reactor accident. Finally, the perspectives of studies of radiation effects on the thyroid are discussed from the epidemiological, basic science, and clinical points of view.
Interventional therapies in acute pulmonary embolus—current trends and future directions
Authors: Patel Sajal , Thulasidasan Narayanan , Thomson Benedict , Mukherjee Bhaskar , Breen Karen , Lams Boris , Karunanithy Narayan 
Published: July 2023

Venous thromboembolic disease presenting with acute pulmonary embolus (PE) can be treated in a variety of ways from anticoagulation as an outpatient to surgical embolectomy with many new interventional therapies being developed. Mortality in these patients can be as high as 50% and many of these treatments are also considered to be high risk. Early involvement of a multidisciplinary team and patient risk stratification can aid management decisions in these complex patients who can suddenly deteriorate.
In this review, we summarise the evidence behind new and developing interventional therapies in the treatment of high and intermediate-high risk PE including catheter-directed thrombolysis, pharmacomechanical thrombolysis, thromboaspiration and the growing role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the stabilisation and management of this cohort of patients.
Noise intensity and its impact on the perception and concentration level among forest harvesting workers in industrial forest plantation, North Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Muhdi Muhdi , Hanafiah Diana Sofia , Sahar Asmarlaili , Telaumbanua Alex Angenano 
Published: July 2023

Background: Noise has the potential to affect the comfort and health of workers. The objective of this research was to find out the effect of noise caused by the timber harvesting process using chainsaws on the concentration of workers in an industrial forest plantation. Methods: This experimental study included 20 respondents which consisted of 10 chainsaw operators/helpers and 10 non-chainsaw operators. All respondents were exposed to the sound of a chainsaw in three different conditions (idle, half gas and racing conditions) with and without personal protective equipment (PPE). The sound intensity produced by the chainsaw and the noise received by the respondents were measured using a sound level meter. Respondents’ perception toward noise was recorded using a Likert scale. Respondents’ concentration level was assessed by giving 25 math-questions to be answered within 10 minutes. Wilcoxon sign rank test was used to analysed paired data. Results: The average sound intensity received by respondents’ left and right ears were lower than the average sound intensity produced by the chainsaw. The use of earmuffs leads to better perception towards noise when compared with the use of earplugs and the absence of any PPE. The Wilcoxon test result showed that noise did not have significant impact on the concentration level of chainsaw operators, whilst the contrary result is true for non-chainsaw operators. Conclusions: The research indicated that although the noise produced by the chainsaw machine was considered noisy for both chainsaw operators and non-chainsaw operator, it did not have a significant effect on the concentration level of chainsaw operators and only affected the non-chainsaw operators. Therefore, given that the non-chainsaw operators were still affected by the noise, noise control measures are still needed to ensure occupational safety and health for the workers.
Making the Grade (But Not Disclosing It): How Withholding Grades Affects Student Behavior and Employment
Authors: Floyd Eric , Tomar Sorabh , Lee Daniel J. 
Published: July 2023

We study the effects of grade nondisclosure (GND) policies implemented within master of business administration (MBA) programs at highly ranked business schools. GND precludes students from disclosing their grades and grade point averages (GPAs) to employers. In the labor market, we find that GND weakens the positive relation between GPA and employer desirability. During the MBA program, we find that GND reduces students’ academic effort for a given course by approximately 4.9% relative to comparable students not subject to the policy. Consistent with our model, in which abilities are potentially correlated and students can substitute effort toward other activities in order to signal GPA-focused abilities, students participate in more extracurricular activities and enroll in more difficult courses under GND. Finally, we show that students’ tenure with their first employers after graduation decreases under GND. This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4816 .
Estimación predictiva en población laboral del Índice de adiposidad visceral (VAI) y adiposidad disfuncional (DAI) en síndrome metabólico
Authors: Vicente Herrero María Teófila , Egea Sancho Mónica , Ramírez Iñiguez de la Torre Maria Victoria , López González Ángel Arturo 
Published: July 2023

Introducción: Evaluar el síndrome metabólico utilizando tres métodos propuestos por instituciones internacionales de referencia, y los índices de adiposidad visceral (VAI) y adiposidad disfuncional (DAI), en la predicción y estimación de la prevalencia en población laboral.
Métodos: Estudio transversal en trabajadores de distintas comunidades autónomas españolas a los que se les realizó un examen de salud entre enero 2019 y septiembre 2021. Se evaluó el síndrome metabólico con criterios del National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP/ATP-III), International Diabetes Federation (IDF) y Joint Interin Statement (JIS). Se calcularon los valores de VAI y DAI mediante sus fórmulas específicas y su capacidad predictiva mediante curvas ROC. Se utilizó el programa SPSS 27.0, considerando significación estadística p< 0,05.
Resultados: Se incluyeron 418 343 trabajadores, la mayoría hombres (58,8%), de edad media entre 30 y 49 años (58,0%), clase social III, tipo de trabajo manual (75,9%) y no fumadores (66,9%). La prevalencia de síndrome metabólico muestra diferencias según el criterio utilizado, siendo superior en hombres con IDF y JIS, y en mujeres con ATPIII. Para las tres definiciones de síndrome metabólico, los valores del área bajo la curva fueron > 0,8 (>80%). El VAI más elevado se obtuvo con JIS, y el DAI más alto con ATPIII. El índice de mayor confianza fue para ATPIII y JIS.
Conclusiones: Los índices de adiposidad VAI y DAI muestran una elevada capacidad predictiva del síndrome metabólico con los tres criterios utilizados y pueden ser de utilidad preventiva en salud laboral.
Results following implementation of a cardiac surgery ERAS protocol
Authors: Obafemi Tomi , Mullis Danielle , Bajaj Simar , Krishna Purnima , Boyd Jack 
Published: July 2023

Introduction
Adequate peri-operative care is essential to ensuring a satisfactory outcome in cardiac surgery. In this study, we look at the impact of evidence-based protocols implemented at Stanford Hospital.

Methods
This study is a single-center, retrospective analysis. Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols were implemented for CABG/Valve and open Aortic operations on 11/1/2017 and 6/1/2018, respectively. Propensity-score matched analysis was used to compare 30-day mortality and morbidity of patients from the pre- and post-implementation cohorts. Secondary endpoints included the following: total hospital length of stay (LOS), ICU LOS, time until extubation, and time until urinary catheter removal.

Results
After the implementation of the ERAS protocols for CABG/Valve operations, the median post-op LOS decreased from 7.0 days to 6.1 days (p<0.001), and median ICU LOS decreased from 69.9 hours to 54.0 (p = 0.098). There was no significant decrease in 30-day mortality (4% to 3.3%, p = 0.47). However, the incidence of post-op ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) decreased from 5.0% to 2.1% (p = 0.003) and post-op urinary tract infections (UTIs) from 8.3% to 3.6% (p<0.001). Patients who underwent open aortic procedures experienced an improvement in 30-day mortality (7% to 3.5%, p = 0.012), decrease in median ICU LOS (91.7 hours to 69.6 hours, p<0.001), and a decrease in duration of mechanical ventilation (79.3 hours to 46.3 hours, p = 0.003). There was a decrease in post-op LOS, post-op VAP, and post-op UTI, although statistical significance was not attained.

Conclusion
At Stanford Hospital, ERAS pathways have led to decreased morbidity and LOS while simultaneously improving mortality amongst our critically ill patient population.
Factors associated with home death in South Korea: Using the exit data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging, 2008–2018
Authors: Cheon Jooyoung , Kim Dong Hee , Cho Chung Min 
Published: July 2023

Background
Even though home deaths have been reported to improve quality of life, satisfy patients and families, and reduce healthcare expenditures, not enough is known about the factors that influence home deaths in Korea.

Objectives
This study aimed to examine the factors associated with home deaths among middle-aged and older adults in South Korea.

Methods
This secondary data analysis used core interview and exit interview data of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging conducted between 2008 and 2018. The deceased included adults over the age of 45 years. The exit data were obtained from interviews with family members or other acquaintances known to the deceased every two years since 2008. Complex-sample logistic regression was conducted using 1,565 middle-aged and older deceased adults.

Results
Among 1,565 decedents, the average age at the time of death was 80.67±10.69 in the home death group, and 78.72±9.83 in the non-home death group. The proportion of home-related deaths was 26.4%. Age over 81 years was associated with increased odds of home death, whereas having two or more living children, living in town/small city, paid medical expenses by children/grandchildren and their spouses, expected death, death from disease, and having three or more chronic diseases were associated with decreased odds of home death. An increase in activities of daily living during three months before death was associated with a decrease in home death.

Conclusion
The findings could help healthcare professionals develop tailored interventions to help people die at their preferred place of death based on family characteristics and healthcare accessibility. Age, residential area, number of children and children’s financial support, and illness-related factors influenced home death by creating differences in access to healthcare resources and support. Policymakers should decrease healthcare disparities and improve health resource allocation and home-based care.