bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Older Adults Adjust Their Control Beliefs According to Changes in Mobility Limitations? Evidence From a Large-Scale Observational Study
Authors: Oi Katsuya 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objectives
This study examines cross-over, time-lagged (cross-lagged) effects of nonintervened changes between mobility limitations and control constraints/self-mastery.

Methods
Using the Health and Retirement Study data from the years 2006 to 2016 from 10,690 participants, changes in mobility limitations, control constraints, and self-mastery were analyzed simultaneously with 3 latent change score models, to account for measurement error and pre-existing mobility issues prior to baseline.

Results
An increase in mobility limitations predicts a decrease in mastery observed in the next interval, but not the other way around. Cross-lagged effects of changes are significant only between control and local mobility limitations concerning upper/lower extremity and associated large muscles.

Discussion
The results indicate reciprocity between perceived control constraints and local mobility regardless of pre-existing limitations. To better facilitate recovery and prevention, future intervention designs should consider alleviating control constraints in addition to improving self-mastery.
The Mode Effect of Web-Based Surveying on the 2018 U.S. Health and Retirement Study Measure of Cognitive Functioning
Authors: Domingue Benjamin W , McCammon Ryan J , West Brady T , Langa Kenneth M , Weir David R , Faul Jessica 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Measuring cognition in an aging populabtion is a public health priority. A move towards survey measurement via the web (as opposed to phone or in-person) is cost-effective but challenging as it may induce bias in cognitive measures. We examine this possibility using an experiment embedded in the 2018 wave of data collection for the U.S. Health and Retirement Study (HRS).

Methods
We utilize techniques from multiple group item response theory to assess the effect of survey mode on performance on the HRS cognitive measure. We also study the problem of attrition by attempting to predict dropout and via approaches meant to minimize bias in subsequent inferences due to attrition.

Results
We find evidence of an increase in scores for HRS respondents who are randomly assigned to the web-based mode of data collection in 2018. Web-based respondents score higher in 2018 than experimentally matched phone-based respondents, and they show much larger gains relative to 2016 performance and subsequently larger declines in 2020. The differential in favor of web-based responding is observed across all items, but is most pronounced for the Serial 7 task and numeracy items. Due to the relative ease of the web-based mode, we suggest a cutscore of 12 being used to indicate CIND (cognitively impaired but not demented) status when using the web-based version rather than 11.

Discussion
The difference in mode may be nonignorable for many uses of the HRS cognitive measure. In particular, it may require reconsideration of some cutscore-based approaches to identify impairment.
Siglec15 promotes the migration of thyroid carcinoma cells by enhancing the EGFR protein stability
Authors: Huang Sijing , Ji Zhi , Xu Jinqiang , Yang Yuerong , Wu BingRui , Chen Qihang , Geng Shuting , Si Yu , Chen Jiayue , Wei Yuanyan , Wang Cong , Ai Zhilong , Jiang Jianhai 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Sialic acid-bound immunoglobulin-like lectin 15 (Siglec15) has emerged as a novel therapeutic target in tumor immunotherapy. This study is designed to investigate the function and mechanism of Siglec15 in thyroid carcinoma (THCA).

Materials and methods
The information on patients with THCA from TGCA and GEO database were used to analyze the expression of Siglec15 in THCA. THCA cells were treated with Siglec15-mFc, a recombinant fusion protein consisting of the extracellular domain of human Siglec15 and murine IgG Fc. THP-1 cells expressing human Siglec15 and its mutant were co-cultured with THCA cells to mimic the contact between Siglec15-expressing tumor-associated macrophages and THCA cells. Wound-healing assay and transwell migration assay were used to examine the migration abilities of BCPAP and C643 cells. Pull-down assay was performed to examine the interaction between Siglec15 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on the cancer cells. Cycloheximide (CHX) assay was used to evaluate the stability of the protein.

Results
The expression of Siglec15 in thyroid carcinoma tissues is higher than in normal tissues. Siglec15 promotes the migration of THCA cells by binding to EGFR in a sialic acid-dependent manner and increases EGFR protein expression. Inhibition of the EGFR pathway blocks the effect of Siglec15 on the migration of THCA cells.

Conclusions
Our findings reveals that Siglec15 promotes the migration of thyroid carcinoma cells by enhancing the EGFR protein stability.
Gibberellin biosynthesis is required for CPPU-induced parthenocarpy in melon
Authors: Liu Yue , Li Yang , Guo Huixin , Lv Bingsheng , Feng Jing , Wang Huihui , Zhang Zhonghua , Chai Sen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Spraying N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N′-phenylurea (CPPU), an exogenous cytokinin (CK) growth regulator, is the conventional method for inducing fruit set during melon (Cucumis melo L.) production; however, the mechanism by which CPPU induces fruit set is unclear. Through histological and morphological observations, fruit size was comparable between CPPU-induced fruits and normal pollinated fruits because CPPU-induced fruits had higher cell density but smaller cell size compared with normal pollinated fruits. CPPU promotes the accumulation of gibberellin (GA) and auxin and decreases the level of abscisic acid (ABA) during fruit set. Moreover, application of the GA inhibitor paclobutrazol (PAC) partially inhibits CPPU-induced fruit set. Transcriptome analysis revealed that CPPU-induced fruit set specifically induced the GA-related pathway, in which the key synthase encoding gibberellin 20-oxidase 1 (CmGA20ox1) was specifically upregulated. Further study indicated that the two-component response regulator 2 (CmRR2) of the cytokinin signaling pathway, which is highly expressed at fruit setting, positively regulates the expression of CmGA20ox1. Collectively, our study determined that CPPU-induced melon fruit set is dependent on GA biosynthesis, providing a theoretical basis for the creation of parthenocarpic melon germplasm.
CRISPR/Cas9-based gene activation and base editing in Populus
Authors: Yao Tao , Yuan Guoliang , Lu Haiwei , Liu Yang , Zhang Jin , Tuskan Gerald A , Muchero Wellington , Chen Jin-Gui , Yang Xiaohan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The genus Populus has long been used for environmental, agroforestry and industrial applications worldwide. Today Populus is also recognized as a desirable crop for biofuel production and a model tree for physiological and ecological research. As such, various modern biotechnologies, including CRISPR/Cas9-based techniques, have been actively applied to Populus for genetic and genomic improvements for traits such as increased growth rate and tailored lignin composition. However, CRISPR/Cas9 has been primarily used as the active Cas9 form to create knockouts in the hybrid poplar clone “717-1B4” (P. tremula x P. alba clone INRA 717-1B4). Alternative CRISPR/Cas9-based technologies, e.g. those involving modified Cas9 for gene activation and base editing, have not been evaluated in most Populus species for their efficacy. Here we employed a deactivated Cas9 (dCas9)-based CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) technique to fine-tune the expression of two target genes, TPX2 and LecRLK-G which play important roles in plant growth and defense response, in hybrid poplar clone “717-1B4” and poplar clone “WV94” (P. deltoides “WV94”), respectively. We observed that CRISPRa resulted in 1.2-fold to 7.0-fold increase in target gene expression through transient expression in protoplasts and Agrobacterium-mediated stable transformation, demonstrating the effectiveness of dCas9-based CRISPRa system in Populus. In addition, we applied Cas9 nickase (nCas9)-based cytosine base editor (CBE) to precisely introduce premature stop codons via C-to-T conversion, with an efficiency of 13%–14%, in the target gene PLATZ which encodes a transcription factor involved in plant fungal pathogen response in hybrid poplar clone “717-1B4”. Overall, we showcase the successful application of CRISPR/Cas-based technologies in gene expression regulation and precise gene engineering in two Populus species, facilitating the adoption of emerging genome editing tools in woody species.
Populist (de)legitimation of international organizations
Authors: Spandler Kilian , Söderbaum Fredrik 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The rise of populists to power in many states around the world has caused concern among defenders of multilateralism and the so-called liberal international order. Due to their frequent attacks on established international organizations (IOs), populists are often falsely portrayed as unilateralists. Our article addresses the apparent contradiction that populist leaders delegitimate certain IOs but actively legitimate others, and examines on what grounds they do so. We study speeches by three populist leaders from different continents: Viktor Orbán, Hugo Chávez and Rodrigo Duterte. The analysis shows that their (de)legitimation of IOs relies on representational claims, which critically interrogate on whose authority IOs speak, in whose interest they act, who they are made up of and what they stand for. Using the representational frames of popular sovereignty and popular identity, the three leaders have subverted conventional liberal arguments that legitimate IOs with regard to their performance or procedures. Based on these insights, we argue that instead of criticizing populists for being unilateralists (which they rarely are), stakeholders of established IOs should meet the populist challenge by engaging in more fundamental debates over the very purpose and mandate of IOs.
Military intervention as a spectacle? Authoritarian regionalism and protests in Kazakhstan
Authors: Libman Alexander , Davidzon Igor 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Understanding the scope and the limits of cooperation of authoritarian regimes is important to assess their ability to support each other and strengthen authoritarian rule worldwide. While there is substantial evidence of authoritarian regimes working together to ensure mutual stability, autocracies are also notoriously mistrustful of one another. Therefore, they prefer to limit the assistance from other autocracies to rhetoric, to avoid the emergence of excessive dependencies. The conditions under which authoritarian cooperation goes beyond rhetoric, and even takes such extreme forms as military interventions, are insufficiently studied. The article investigates the case of the Collective Security Treaty Organization's (CSTO) intervention in Kazakhstan in 2022 as an example of an authoritarian regional organization sending a military mission to one of its member states. Using process tracing and carefully investigating the available evidence on the role of CSTO forces in Kazakhstan, we show that their intervention was more of symbolic importance than having an actual military role, and precisely for that reason it was acceptable to the leadership of Kazakhstan and other CSTO countries. The balance of power in central Asia (and in particular the role of China) ensured the credibility of commitment of the CSTO to keep its mission a symbolic one.
Child soldiers in Nepal: re-conceptualizing reintegration and identity
Authors: Macfarlane Kate 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article contributes to a critical discussion of practices of child soldier reintegration and scholarship on the topic. Child soldiers' lived experience of reintegration is characterized by an interconnection between their child and adult worlds resulting from their conflict experience, social transition to adulthood and identity. The article provides a primary source of data based on 30 semi-structured interviews with former child soldiers, both boys and girls, from the former Communist Party of Nepal—Maoist. This article makes both practical and theoretical contributions. Firstly, reintegration practices assume that children and adults should be separated based on altogether different needs. However, a child soldiers' reintegration experience is framed by an important social interconnection between their child and adult worlds. Secondly, by theoretically engaging children as both a subject and an agent, this article contributes to a nuanced theorization of identity and agency that defies simplistic categories of victimhood and childhood. Finally, the article advances a new framework called ‘post-conflict identity’ that consists of three interconnected subject positions—victim, participant and political agent—to account for the complex ways that former child soldiers negotiate and respond to different life events and transitions across their conflict and post-conflict lives.
The origins of legitimation strategies in international organizations: agents, audiences and environments
Authors: Lenz Tobias , Söderbaum Fredrik 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
How do international organizations (IOs) claim legitimacy, and why do they do so in different ways? Confronted with contestation and critique, IOs seek to enhance audiences' beliefs in their legitimacy by justifying their governance competence through public communication and the change of institutions and behaviour. This article serves as an introduction to a special section on ‘Legitimizing international organizations’. It theorizes the origins of IOs' legitimation strategies and outlines the analytical framework for the special section. We propose the agents-audiences-environment (AAE) framework, which synthesizes diverse literatures on organizational legitimation. While existing literature focuses on audiencesapos; normative demands as a key source of legitimation strategies, we supplement this perspective with ones that consider IO agents' normative beliefs and the norms institutionalized in peer organizations. In this introduction, we first clarify what is at stake in the debate over IO legitimation. We then explain the benefits of shifting perspective from audience beliefs to the origins of IO legitimation. Thereafter, we define the main concepts and develop our AAE-framework. We conclude by summarizing how our contributors use the AAE-framework to advance our understanding of IO legitimation.
Exploring the Dual Functionality of Plant Pulvini Using a Physical Modeling Approach
Authors: Sleboda David A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Pulvini are plant motor organs that fulfill two conflicting mechanical roles. At rest, pulvini function as rigid beams that support the cantilevered weight of leafy appendages. During thigmonastic (touch-induced) or nyctinastic (“sleep”-induced) plant movements, however, pulvini function as flexible joints capable of active bending. I hypothesized that the ability to alternate between these roles emerges from the interaction of two structural features of pulvini: anisotropically reinforced parenchyma cells comprising the body of the pulvinus and a longitudinally stiff but flexurally pliant vascular bundle running through the pulvinus core. To investigate how these two components might interact within biological pulvini, I built a set of pulvinus-inspired physical models with varying combinations of these elements present. I compared the abilities of the models to (1) resist imposed bending deformation (i.e., act as rigid beams) and (2) exhibit bending deformation when asymmetrically pressurized (i.e., act as actively deformable joints). Pulvinus models displayed the greatest ability to resist bending deformation when both an anisotropically reinforced parenchyma and a vasculature-like core were present. Disruption of either element reduced hydrostatic fluid pressures developed within the models, resulting in a decreased ability to resist externally applied forces. When differentially pressurized to induce active bending, the degree of bending achieved varied widely between models with and without adequately reinforced parenchyma elements. Bending, however, was not influenced by the presence of a vasculature-like core. These findings suggest that biological pulvini achieve their dual functionality by pairing anisotropically reinforced parenchyma tissues with a longitudinally stiff but flexurally pliant vascular core. Together, these elements compose a hydrostatic skeleton within the pulvinus that strongly resists external deformation when pressurized, but that bends easily when the balance of fluid pressures within it is altered. These results illustrate the emergent nature of pulvinus motor abilities and highlight structural specialization as an important aspect of pulvinus physiology.
Small Fractional Parts of Polynomials and Mean Values of Exponential Sums
Authors: Yeon Kiseok 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Let $k_i\ (i=1,2,\ldots ,t)$ be natural numbers with $k_1&gt;k_2&gt;\cdots &gt;k_t&gt;0$, $k_1\geq 2$ and $t&lt;k_1.$ Given real numbers $\alpha _{ji}\ (1\leq j\leq t,\ 1\leq i\leq s)$, we consider polynomials of the shape $$\begin{align*} &\varphi_i(x)=\alpha_{1i}x^{k_1}+\alpha_{2i}x^{k_2}+\cdots+\alpha_{ti}x^{k_t},\end{align*}$$and derive upper bounds for fractional parts of polynomials in the shape $$\begin{align*} &\varphi_1(x_1)+\varphi_2(x_2)+\cdots+\varphi_s(x_s),\end{align*}$$by applying novel mean value estimates related to Vinogradov’s mean value theorem. Our results improve on earlier Theorems of Baker (2017).
The Canonical Bijection between Pipe Dreams and Bumpless Pipe Dreams
Authors: Gao Yibo , Huang Daoji 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We present a direct bijection between reduced pipe dreams and reduced bumpless pipe dreams (BPDs) by interpreting reduced compatible sequences on BPDs and show that this is the unique bijection preserving bijective realizations of Monk’s formula, establishing its canonical nature.
Fertility desires of antiretroviral therapy-attending HIV-positive women and its associated factors in Harari region, Ethiopia
Authors: Assefa Sirgut , Dheresa Merga , Lami Magarsa , Berhanu Bekelu , Mohammed Hanan , Sertsu Addisu , Negash Abraham , Balcha Tegenu , Eyeberu Addis , Debella Adera , Getachew Tamirat , Yadeta Tesfaye Assebe 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
The desire to have children among mothers living with HIV remains a serious public health issue in nations with low coverage for antiretroviral therapy and the prevention of mother-to-child transmission, even if it is feasible to have an HIV-negative child. Therefore, this study aimed to assess fertility desire and associated factors among antiretroviral therapy-attending HIV-positive women at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, in Harari, Ethiopia.

Methods
A facility-based cross-sectional study design was employed among 639 anti retro-viral therapy attending HIV - positive women by systematic random sampling method selected from June 15 to November 30, 2020. A binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify the associated factors with fertility desire. Descriptive results were presented in percentages, whereas analytical results were reported in adjusted ORs (AORs) with a 95% CI. At p=0.05, statistical significance was declared.

Results
A total of 639 participants were included in the study; 69.5%(95% CI 65.7 to 72.9%) of the participants had fertility desire. Younger age (&lt;35 years) (AOR=2.35, 95% CI 1.27 to 4.35), married women (AOR=3.02, 95% CI 1.32 to 12.25), childless women (AOR=2.86, 95% CI 1.17 to 4.82) and women whose duration of HIV diagnosis was ≤5 years (AOR=0.41, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.71) were significantly associated with fertility desire.

Conclusion
The majority of the study participants have a desire to have children. In light of the high prevalence of fertility desire among antiretroviral therapy-attending HIV-positive women, it is recommended to counsel younger women on reproductive planning and encourage partner testing.
“I don’t think it should take you three days to tell me my baby is dead.” A case of fetal demise: unintended consequences of immediate release of information
Authors: Rotholz Stephen , Lin Chen-Tan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The 21st Century Cures Act (Cures Act) information blocking regulations mandate timely patient access to their electronic health information. In most healthcare systems, this technically requires immediate electronic release of test results and clinical notes directly to patients. Patients could potentially be distressed by receiving upsetting results through an electronic portal rather than from a clinician. We present a case from 2018, several years prior to the implementation of the Cures Act. A patient was notified of fetal demise detected by ultrasound through her electronic health record (EHR) patient portal before her clinician received the result. We discuss the patient's ensuing complaint and healthcare system response. This unusual and dramatic case of fetal demise is relevant today because it underscores the importance of involving a patient and family advisory council in decision-making. It also highlights the value of “anticipatory guidance” as a routine clinical practice in this era of immediate access to test results.
Innovation and Revivalism: Powell & Sons’ Opus Sectile Mosaic
Authors: Crowther Lily 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The late-nineteenth century saw a flourishing of mosaic in British architecture. Both traditional and innovative methods of mosaic-making were deployed in a wide variety of contexts from the 1850s onwards: in domestic, public, sacred, and secular buildings; for interior and exterior decoration; at large and small scales. Widespread experimentation with new materials, facilitated by the affordability of energy-intensive manufacturing processes, was complemented by a growing body of scholarship on the history of mosaics. Opus sectile was a novel type of opaque glass for mosaic-making that was developed by glassmakers James Powell & Sons in the mid-1860s. This new material quickly gained in popularity and was used in a variety of architectural projects throughout the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries (for a list see Dennis Hadley, Powell’s Opus Sectile Locations [Coventry: Tiles & Architectural Ceramics Society, 2018]). Through a discussion of the development of opus sectile and its use in the 1860s, 1870s, and 1880s, the article explores its place in a landscape of both technological innovation and stylistic revivalism.
In situ pulsed electrical biasing TEM observation of AA7075
Authors: Grimm Tyler J , Mears Laine 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Electrically assisted heat treatment is the process of applying an electric current to a sample during heat treatment. Literature has generally shown there to be a difference in the resulting effects of direct current (DC) current and highly transient current (i.e. electropulsing). However, these differences are poorly characterized. In situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation of an AA7075 sample while DC and pulsed current were passed through it was performed herein to explore the effects of an electric current on precipitate development. Numerical simulation results indicate that the thermal response of the samples was very rapid, causing the sample to reach steady-state temperatures almost instantly. There does not appear to be any significant difference between the results of pulsed current application and DC current. Additionally, the failure mechanism of an electrical biasing TEM sample is explored.