bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A year of COVID-19: effects of a global pandemic on a hip fracture bundled care protocol
Authors: Wong Khai Cheong , Tay Kenny Xian Khing , Koh Suang Bee , Howe Tet Sen 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Our aim was to analyse how the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affects a hip fracture bundled care protocol. We hypothesised that key performance indicators, but not short-term outcomes, may be adversely affected.

Methods:
Patients admitted under a hip fracture bundled care protocol were divided into two arms: ‘COVID’ group included patients admitted in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic and ‘PRE-COVID’ group included patients admitted in 2019. We retrospectively analysed time to admission, time to surgery, length of stay, discharge disposition, as well as rates of 30-day revision surgery, 30-day readmission and inpatient mortality.

Results:
There were 307 patients in the PRE-COVID group and 350 patients in the COVID group. There was no significant difference in terms of gender, age and type of hip fracture. The COVID group had a higher proportion of American Society of Anesthesiologists classification III and IV patients (61.4% vs. 50.2% in the PRE-COVID group; P = 0.004). In the COVID group, similar proportion of patients were admitted to the ward within 4 h, but the mean time to surgery was longer (71.8 ± 73.0 h vs. 60.4 ± 72.8 h in the PRE-COVID group; P = 0.046) and few patients underwent operations within 48 h (41.7% vs. 60.3% in the PRE-COVID group; P < 0.001). Mean postoperative length of stay, discharge disposition, as well as rates of inpatient mortality, 30-day revision surgery and 30-day readmission were similar.

Conclusion:
The volume of hip fractures during the COVID-19 pandemic remained unchanged, although patients admitted during the COVID-19 pandemic appeared to be more deconditioned. Nevertheless, having robust protocols and staff familiar with hip fracture treatment can preserve short-term outcomes for this group of patients, even with strict isolation measures in place during a pandemic.
Human immunodeficiency virus positive status disclosure among children in northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Asmare Adella Getachew , Abie Yimer Meklit , Chekol Abebe Endeshaw 
Published: April 2023

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus positive status disclosure is an essential component of pediatric care and longterm disease management. However, one of the greatest challenges that caregiver/mothers and health care workers face is the disclosure of HIV positive status to children living with the virus. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess HIV positive status disclosure and associated factors among HIV positive children in northwest Ethiopia.
Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among 417 sampled HIV positive children attending pediatric ART clinics of public health facilities from February 01 to March 30 2020 in northwest Ethiopia. Simple random sampling technique was used to select study participants. A structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used for data collection and the collected data entered into Epi data software. Binary logistic regression analysis was done and variables with P-value <0.05 was considered as a significant predictors of HIV positive status disclosure of HIV positive children.
Result: From 417 sampled population, 390 were involved in this study making 93.5% response rate. The study revealed that 53.6% with 95% CI (0.486-0.586) of HIV positive children knew their HIV positive sero status. Caregiver/mothers who had greater than three family sizes (AOR=1.984, 95% CI=1.046-3.762), children whose ages greater than 10 years (AOR=6.679, 95% CI=3.372-13.227) and children on ART for more than 5 years (AOR=8.96, 95% CI=6.402-12.257) were predictors of HIV positive status disclosure.
Conclusion: The HIV positive status disclosure was high in the study area relative to other studies. Family size, children age, and length of children on ART were predictors of HIV positive status disclosure for HIV positive children. Health care providers, especially those working at pediatrics ART clinics should keep these factors in mid while working with caregivers to encourage disclosure of HIV positive status.
Keywords: ART; Bahir Dar; Caregiver/mother; Children; HIV; HIV positive status disclosure.
Case control study of CD4 cell count and some haematological parameters among hepatitis and non-hepatitis B patients in Oyo State, South-west, Nigeria
Authors: Funmilayo Odusanya Adebomi , Ifeoluwa Makinde Gabriel , Oladimeji Idowu Michael , Matthew Adebayo Ayodeji 
Published: April 2023

Aim: Hepatitis B virus HBV infection is a major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. CD4 count and haematological parameters (HPs) could be used to monitor the health status of hepatitis B (HB) individuals. This study aimed at assessing levels of CD4 count and some HPs among sufferers of HB patients and controls.
Methods: Fifty (50) HB patients as cases and 50 age-matched controls were recruited into the study. 5ml of whole blood sample was collected from all eligible participants of which 20μl and 10μl were used for CD4 count and HPs analysis respectively. Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess statistical difference within them using SPSS version 20.
Results: There was significant increase between the normal values of the CD4 count of both cases and controls (p<0.05). Significant correlations were found in some HPs such as HCT with WBC; HB and RBC with PLT; RBC, HCT and PLT with WBC.
Conclusion: There were no significant differences between the values of the CD4 count and hematological parameters among HB subjects in this study. There is need for future studies to detect changes in CD4 count and other HPs in HB patients to increase options of screening for immunological changes during management.
Keywords: Hepatitis B virus; CD4 count; hematological parameters; patients.
Comparison of efficacy of intravenous labetalol and intravenous hydralazine for management of pre-eclampsia in pregnant women
Authors: Kausar Mauzma , Husain Samia , Hussain Rubina 
Published: April 2023

Objectives: To compare the efficacy of intravenous Labetalol and intravenous Hydralazine in reduction of blood pressure in patients with severe pre-eclampsia.
Methodology: This comparative study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Ziauddin University Hospital, Karachi from1st June 2019 to 30th June 2020. Total 208 pregnant women having severe pre-eclampsia (systolic pressure ≥160 mmHg and diastolic pressure ≥110mmHg) were included in study. Group A received I/V Labetalol. Group B received I/V Hydralazine. Efficacy of drugs was observed by reduction in blood pressure and the number of doses administered. Data was analysed using SPSS version 26.
Results: Systolic blood pressure reduction in Labetalol group was significantly lower than in hydralazine group (105.5 ±11.3 vs. 115.8 ±17.1, p≤ 0.001). Diastolic blood pressure reduction was also lower in labetalol group than in hydralazine group (p= 0.03). Number of dosage of drugs in Group A (Labetalol) was 3.2 ±1.2 vs. Group B (Hydralazine) was 4.4±1.4, p =0.006).
Conclusion: The results of this study show that Labetalol is more effective as compared to Hydralazine in terms of reducing the systolic and diastolic blood pressure and number of doses (Drugs) for in patients with severe preeclampsia.
Keywords: Preeclampsia; bolus dose; Hydralazine; Labetalol.
Prevalence and determinants of inconsistent condom use among unmarried sexually active youth. a secondary analysis of the 2016-2017 Eswatini HIV incidence measurement survey
Authors: S Simelane Maswati , B Chemhaka Garikayi , S Shabalala Fortunate , T Simelane Portia , Vilakati Zodwa 
Published: April 2023

Introduction: In sub-Saharan Africa, youth continue to have a high burden of sexually transmitted infections and unplanned pregnancies that could be reduced through improved condom use. We aimed to investigate inconsistent condom use with the three most recent sexual partners among unmarried sexually active youth in Eswatini
Methods: Data were analysed for 1,324 youth from the 2016-2017 Swaziland HIV incidence measurement survey (SHIMS2) using multivariable logistic regression method.
Results: The prevalence of inconsistent condom use among youth was 56.8% in 2017. Higher odds of inconsistent condom use were observed among youth aged 20-24, residents in the Lubombo region, those aged less than 18 years at sexual debut and those who had two or more sexual partners in the last 12 months before the survey. Lower odds of inconsistent condom use were observed among males, and those that knew their partners reported HIV status to be negative.
Conclusion: Our findings highlight a notable prevalence of inconsistent condom use among youth in Eswatini. Programs that aim to reduce the incidence of HIV infections and STIs among youth in Eswatini should focus on these factors associated with inconsistent condom use.
Keywords: Inconsistent condom use; youth; factors; Eswatini
A validation of adult suicidal ideation questionnaire among Nigerian University students
Authors: Adeyemo Sunday , Olukolade Olugbemi , Aroyewun Afolabi 
Published: April 2023

Background: To prevent completed suicide among young adults in the university, assessment of suicidal ideation should be encouraged. This study aims to investigate the reliability, exploratory factor analysis, and validity of adult suicidal ideation questionnaire among Nigerian university students.
Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional survey was the preferred choice of research design for this study utilizing convenience sampling technique to recruit participants. 6 universities divided into two equal numbers between federal-funded and state-funded ones in Nigeria were selected, and 2,702 students were sampled to fill the questionnaires. Instruments for data collection included Rosenberg Self-esteem questionnaire and Kessler Psychological distress scale to validate ASIQ. Ethical clearance for this study was collected from Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.
Results: The results of the study showed that internal consistency of ASIQ was .951 while validity analyses proved that self-esteem and psychological distress diverged and converged respectively with the three subdomains of suicidal ideation as measured by ASIQ.
Conclusion: This study concludes that ASIQ has slight modification from the original version among young adults in Nigeria. The scale is reliable and valid but as a 22-item instrument on a 5-point Likert scale.\
Keywords: Adult suicidal ideation questionnaire; psychometric properties; Nigerian University students.
The effect of adding kinesiotaping versus pelvic floor exercise to conventional therapy in the management of post-colonoscopy coccydynia: a single-blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hadaya Mosaad Eladl , Yasser Mohamed Aneis , Asmaa Fawzy Attalla , Heba Mohamed Mohamady 
Published: April 2023

Background: Coccydynia is a challenging disorder that is frequently managed conservatively.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of adding kinesiotaping versus pelvic floor exercise to conventional therapy in the management of post-colonoscopy coccydynia.
Methods: Forty-two participants, aged 25–45 years, were randomly assigned to: the conventional therapy group (CT) receiving Piriformis and Iliopsoas muscle stretching exercise, clamshell exercise, and seat cushioning; the CT plus kinesiotaping group (CT-KT) receiving additional kinesiotaping; or the CT plus pelvic floor exercise (PFE) group (CT-PFE) executing additional PFE. All groups completed 4 weeks of training, 3 days a week. Pain intensity, assessed by the Pain Numeric Rating Scale (PNRS), and functional disability, evaluated by the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), were estimated at baseline and after 4 weeks.
Results: There were significant inter-group variations in PNRS and ODI, where (P = 0.0001) and (P = 0.03), respectively. Differences between experimental groups were noteworthy in terms of NPRS, where the major change was in favor of group CT-KT (P = 0.001). However, there was no significant difference between them regarding their impact on ODI.
Conclusion: CT-KT is more effective than CT-PFE in reducing pain associated with coccydynia post-colonoscopy, but there is no difference in their effects on functional disability. CT-KT is therefore recommended as an alternative treatment option for post-colonoscopy coccydynia.
Keywords: Coccydynia; colonoscopy; kinesiotaping; pelvic floor; tonic spasm; exercise.
Imaging of developmental delay in black African children: A hospital-based study in Yaoundé-Cameroon
Authors: Nguefack Seraphin , Ndongafack Fongue Nasser , Armand Kago Tague Daniel , Igor Mbessoh Kengne Ulrich , Roger Mouliom Tapouh Jean , Nguefack Félicitée , Chiabi Andreas , Moifo Boniface 
Published: April 2023

Background: The purpose of this study was to describe the anomalies observed on imaging for developmental delay in black African children.
Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study, which included children aged between 1 month to 6 years with developmental delay and had done a brain MRI and/or CT scan.
Results: We included 94 children, 60.6% of whom were males. The mean age was 32.5 ± 6.8 months. A history of perinatal asphyxia found in 55.3% of cases. According to the Denver developmental II scale, profound developmental delay observed in 35.1% of cases, and severe developmental delay in 25.5%. DD was isolated in 2.1% of cases and associated with cerebral palsy, pyramidal syndrome, and microcephaly in respectively 83%, 79.8%, and 46.8% of cases. Brain CT scan and MRI accounted for 85.1% and 14.9% respectively. The tests were abnormal in 78.7% of the cases, and cerebral atrophy was the preponderantanomaly (cortical atrophy = 80%, subcortical atrophy = 69.3%). Epileptic patients were 4 times more likely to have abnormal brain imaging (OR = 4.12 and p = 0.05),. We did not find a link between the severity of psychomotor delay and the presence of significant anomalies in imaging.
Conclusion: In our context, there is a high prevalence of organic anomalies in the imaging of psychomotor delay, which were dominated by cerebral atrophy secondary to hypoxic ischemic events.
Keywords: developmental delay; brain MRI; CT scan; children.
Assessment of knowledge and socioeconomic status of caregivers of children with malnutrition at a district hospital in Ghana
Authors: Ameyaw Rita , Ameyaw Emmanuel , K Agbenorhevi Jacob , Kumi Hammond Charles , Arhin Benard , Jibril Afaa Taiba 
Published: April 2023

Background: Malnutrition is a significant public health problem and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children.
Aims: To assess knowledge and socioeconomic status of caregivers of children under 5 years with malnutrition at a district hospital in Ghana.
Methods: Case Report forms were used to gather data in a cross-sectional study which was carried out among 189 caregivers and their children aged from zero to fifty-nine months at the Out-Patient Department clinic.
Results: Most (80.95%) children had marasmus. Sixty-two point four-two percent had severe wasting, while 35.45% had mild stunting. The rest, 21.69% had moderate stunting; while only 2.12% severe stunting. Almost all caregivers (94.71%) had heard of exclusive breast feeding as a good feeding practice but only 58.20% practiced it. Most caregivers (68.26%) had no education or only up to basic level, p=0.035. The average number of children per family was 4.8 per household (SD: 1.69) with majority of them (64.55%) having 4-6 children per family and 13.23% of them had more than 7 children per family, p=0.009. More thana third (37.04%) of the caregivers earned less than a hundred Ghana cedis (GhC 100 [US$ 19] per month and 50.26% of them earned between GhC 101 (US$ 19) and GhC 500 (US$ 96) per month.
Conclusion: Lower level of caregivers’ education and large family size were risk factors for developing malnutrition among children.
Keywords: Caregivers; knowledge; malnutrition; socioeconomic status.
Nutritional knowledge, dietary habits and nutritional status of adults living in urban Communities in Lagos State
Authors: FA Olatona , DB Adeniyi , OE Obrutu , AO Ogunyemi 
Published: April 2023

Background: Malnutrition is a major threat to the world's public health. While under-nutrition and micronutrient deficiencies persist, obesity is increasing worldwide. Although malnutrition has been extensively researched among children, it has become of increasing concern among adults because of the relative increase in the prevalence of diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs).
Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the nutritional knowledge, dietary habits and nutritional status of adults in an urban community in Lagos State.
Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 320 adults selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. Data was obtained using interviewer-administered questionnaires and standard anthropometric measurements. Chi-square analysis was used to compare prevalence between categories.
Results: Only 15.9% of respondents had good nutritional knowledge. The dietary habits and estimated nutrient intake showed a deficiency of fiber, energy and most micro-nutrients with the exception of zinc, iron and vitamin A. Dietary carbohydrate, protein as well as sodium levels were elevated. BMI findings estimated the prevalence of overweight at 24.8% and obesity at 17.3%. However, there was no statistically significant association observed between nutritional knowledge and status of respondents.
Conclusion: Nutritional knowledge was poor and obesity was relatively high among participants. Improved nutrition education intervention is necessary to increase knowledge and reduce obesity among adults living in urban communities in Lagos, Nigeria.
Keywords: Nutritional knowledge; dietary habit; nutritional status of adults.
Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum among asymptomatic pregnant women on intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in Nigeria
Authors: A Olowe Rita , A Ojo Johnson , I Funwei Roland , I Oyedeji Segun , A Olowe Olugbenga , N Thomas Bolaji , Ojurongbe Olusola 
Published: April 2023

This study investigated the genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum among asymptomatic pregnant women on intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-Sp) in Osogbo, southwest Nigeria. Blood sample was obtained from consenting pregnant women attending antenatal clinics. Microscopy and Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were employed to diagnose and analyse genetic diversity. Of the 301 samples, 53 (18%) and 83 (28%) were positive for P. falciparum by microscopy and PCR, respectively. Using the merozoite surface protein (msp)-1, msp-2, and glutamate-rich protein (glurp) genes of P.falciparum as polymorphic markers, the msp-1 gene showed nine alleles with R033 (66.7%) being predominant, followed by K1 (45.5%) and MAD20 (33.3%). The msp-2 gene had 16 alleles (eight each for FC27 and 3D7). The 3D7 alleles (82.1%) was significantly more than FC27 alleles (48.2%) (p = 0.0093). Nine alleles were detected with glurp gene, presenting with the highest monoclonal and the lowest polyclonal infection. The multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1.5, 1.8, and 1.2 were obtained for msp-1, msp-2 and glurp genes. In light of the high P. falciparum genetic diversity among pregnant women on IPT-Sp in this study, additionalstrategies for preventing and controlling malaria in pregnancy might be required.
Keywords: Malaria; pregnancy; allelic frequency; multiplicity of infection; Merozoite surface protein; glutamate-rich protein.
Characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 at a tertiary hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Adekanmbi Olukemi , Ilesanmi Olayinka , Idowu Olusola , Esan Arinola , R Raji Yemi , Fowotade Adeola , Ogunlade Olubunmi , Akere Adegboyega , Ololade Oluwaseun , Ojifinni Kehinde , Akinola Olurotimi , Orunmuyi Akintunde , Eze Uwom , Akinmoladun Victor , Adeoye Abiodun , Adebiyi Akindele , Oluwabunmi Olapade-Olaopa E , A Otegbayo Jesse , Osungbade Kayode 
Published: April 2023

Background: Data regarding the features and outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Africa are increasingly available.
Objectives: To describe socio-demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients.
Methods: A cross-sectional study of 86 adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19 between March and November 2020. Characteristics were described in survivors and non-survivors.
Results: Mean age was 60.9±16.1 years, 53(61.6%) were male. Co-morbidities were found in 77(89.5%) patients. On severity, 6(7%) were mild, 23(26.7%) moderate, 51(59.3%) severe and 6(7%) critical. Oxygen saturation and respiratory rate were 71±22% and 38±11/minute in non-survivors and 90±7% and 31±7/minute in survivors respectively (p<0.001, p<0.001)). Overall mortality was 47.7% with no death among patients with mild disease and deaths in all patients with critical disease. Duration of hospitalization was 2.0(1.0-4.5) days in those who died and 12(7.0-15.0) days in those who survived (p<0.001). Of the42 patients that received dexamethasone, 11(26.2%) died, while 31(73.8%) survived (p=<0.001).
Conclusion: Most of the patients had co-morbidities and there was high mortality in patients with severe and critical COVID-19. Mean oxygen saturation was low and respiratory rate high overall. Factors associated with mortality included: Significantly greater hypoxia and tachypnea, less dexamethasone use and shorter hospitalization.
Keywords: COVID-19; COVID-19 mortality; SARS CoV-2.
The Challenges of Nursing Presence at the Patient’s Bedside from the Perspective of Nurses: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Fallahnezhad Tahereh , Aghaie Bahman , Norouzadeh Reza , Ebadi Abbas , Abbasinia Mohammad 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND፡ Presence is one of the vital aspects of nursing care that improves the outcome of treatment, self-care, satisfaction, loneliness, and anxiety of patients. The literature review shows that most of the studies have been conducted on the conceptual analysis of the presence of nurses, while there are many challenges for the presence of nurses at the bedside. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the perceived challenges of nurses from being at the bedside of patients.METHODS: This is a qualitative descriptive study. Conventional inductive content analysis was used. Field notes and in-depth semistructured interviews were conducted with nineteen clinical nurses. Participants were selected from general and intensive care units. Data analysis was performed using Zhang and Wildemuth approach.RESULTS: Three categories emerged: (1) professional challenges with subcategories: Supervision of novice nurses, insufficient skills and cultural unfamiliarity, (2) Management challenges with subcategories: managers' negligence toward nurse's needs, Strategies of nursing managers, lack of medical staff, inadequate medical facilities, inappropriate planned visits and appointments, (3) work environment challenges with sub-categories: ward overcrowding and non-standard hospital environment.
CONCLUSIONS: This study identified the challenges and obstacles of nurses' presence at the bedside in different dimensions from the perspective of clinical nurses. To increase the presence of nurses at the bedside, nursing managers should create a standardized work environment.