bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural observations of desmoplastic trichoepithelioma with a special reference to a morphological comparison with normal apocrine acrosyringeum
Authors: Yamamoto Osamu , Hamada Tetsuo , Doi Yoshiaki , Sasaguri Yasuyuki , Hashimoto Hiroshi 
Published: July 2002

Background: Desmoplastic trichoepithelioma is a benign neoplasm considered to have follicular differentiation. Its sweat gland‐ or sebaceous‐lines of differentiation have been also reported. There have been, however, only a few reports regarding extensive immunohistochemical and ultrastructural investigations of this neoplasm.Methods: Histopathological and immunohistochemical studies were performed on three cases of desmoplastic trichoepithelioma, comparing it with normal skin. One of these cases was ultrastructurally investigated.Results: The cord‐like basaloid nests were reacted with the anti‐cytokeratin (CK)1/5/10/14, ‐CK5/8, ‐CK14 and ‐CK15 antibodies, but not with the anti‐CK6 antibody. Similar findings were observed in the outer layers of the normal follicular outer root sheath. Basaloid cell nests in one case, which showed ductal structures in the nests, also expressed CK7, CK8/18 and CK19. These keratins were also detected in the normal sweat glands. In addition, CK8/18 and CK19 were expressed in the basal cells of the outer root sheath. Keratinous cysts had inner reactions with the anti‐CK10/11 and ‐CK6 antibodies, and outer reactions with anti‐CK5/8 and ‐CK14 antibodies. Ultrastructurally, the cells in the cord‐like nests were basically immature and basaloid in appearance. A few cells contained Odland bodies, which were also observed in the normal apocrine acrosyringeum. The ductal structure was lined by the cells which bore numerous microvilli in the luminal surface.Conclusion: The cells in desmoplastic trichoepithelioma are suggested to be in close association with the basal cells in the outer root sheath, which can differentiate into various parts of the folliculosebaceous apocrine unit.
Contrasting roles for RANTES and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) in a murine model of allergic peritonitis
Authors: Das A M , Ajuebor M N , Flower R J , Perretti M , Mccoll S R 
Published: July 2002

SUMMARYCell accumulation and CC chemokine production were assessed in the peritoneal cavity of ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice following antigen challenge. Intraperitoneal challenge with OVA induced a significant eosinophil influx from 6 h post-challenge with increased numbers persisting at 24 h. At 6 h there was also a marked presence of neutrophils. Messenger RNA expression and protein levels for the chemokines RANTES and MIP-1α were measured in the cell pellets and supernatants, respectively, from peritoneal washes following OVA challenge. RANTES mRNA was detected from 2 h to 4 h following OVA injection, whereas mRNA for MIP-1α was only detectable at 4 h. RANTES protein was first detected from 4 h after OVA injection and by 24 h the protein levels had increased further. Basal levels of MIP-1α were detected in peritoneal washes. These levels peaked at 2 h after OVA challenge and rapidly declined to basal levels by 6 h. A functional role for the chemokines was assessed using neutralizing polyclonal antibodies. Co-injection of OVA with anti-RANTES antibodies resulted in a significant inhibition of eosinophil infiltration into the cavity at 6 h and 24 h (63% and 52% inhibition, respectively) without significantly influencing the number of neutrophils present. In contrast, injection of anti-MIP-1α antibodies only inhibited neutrophil migration at the 6 h time point by 44% without significantly affecting the accumulation of eosinophils. These results demonstrate an important role for RANTES in mediating eosinophil influx in allergic inflammation and a contrasting role for MIP-1α in mediating neutrophil recruitment.
Maternal and birth colony effects on survival of Weddell seal offspring from McMurdo Sound, Antarctica
Authors: Hastings Kelly K. , Testa J. Ward 
Published: July 2002

1. Maternal and birth colony effects on offspring survival to weaning and to reproductive age were examined for Weddell seals using mark–recapture models and over 25 years of mark–resight data from McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. 2. Pre‐weaning mortality (proportion of the total pups found dead on the ice surface) varied significantly with maternal age and was significantly higher for primiparous mothers than for multiparous mothers. 3. Offspring survival to reproductive age also increased significantly with maternal age and experience. Survival of offspring from birth to 6 years of age increased significantly with maternal body length only for male offspring. 4. Increased survivorship of offspring with maternal age was only evident for offspring of multiparous (rather than primiparous) mothers. This suggests that the age when mothers have their first pup may not affect survival of offspring, although lack of effect of age on offspring survival for primiparous mothers may be due to insufficient variation in age of first reproduction in our sample for us to detect a trend. 5. Pre‐weaning survival of offspring also varied significantly among pupping colonies. In 1983, a year of low reproduction and low first‐year survival for the McMurdo population (Testa 1987b; Hastings 1996), first‐year survival was lower for offspring born in Outer Erebus Bay (west of 166·7°E) than for offspring born in Inner Erebus Bay (east of 166·7°E). 6. Maternal effects on offspring survival may be related to quality of breeding site. Maternal age and experience varied significantly among pupping colonies. That pup population size was stable at all colonies over the study period suggests non‐random age‐distribution of mothers may not be an artefact of population growth, but instead result from intraspecific competition for space in good pupping colonies. 7. Offspring survival, pup population size, and mean maternal age at colonies were significantly positively correlated. This suggests that favourable environmental conditions and high maternal or paternal quality may interact to enhance survival of offspring at larger colonies.
Trisomy 22: prenatal diagnosis – a case report
Authors: Harding K. , Freeman J. , Weston W. , Smith J. R. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractMultiple abnormalities of a fetus were detected on a routine antenatal anomaly scan at 19 weeks' gestation. Amniocentesis and karyotype analysis showed trisomy 22. The ultrasound and postmortem features are presented. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Controlling youth access to tobacco: a review of the literature and reflections on the New Zealand programme of controlled purchasing operations
Authors: BLEWDEN MICHAEL B. , SPINOLA CARLA 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA literature review on the active enforcement of youth tobacco access laws was undertaken as part of an evaluation of two public health services involved in the delivery of the New Zealand programme of active enforcement. The current paper summarizes the reviewed literature and discusses the programme in light of the literature findings. It is concluded that a more comprehensive programme may increase the likelihood of successful and sustained programme outcomes. It is suggested that programme enhancements may be possible through the more strategic use of educational interventions, a greater balance between co‐operative and punitive strategies, attention to contextual influences on illegal sales, greater community participation, the licensing of tobacco retailers and the use of civil penalties for non‐compliance. The literature highlights that active enforcement alone will not reduce youth smoking and care should be taken to ensure that active enforcement strategies do not divert resources away from other strategies known to reduce youth smoking. It is hoped that the current paper will encourage further discussion about the future direction of the New Zealand programme.
Lysosomes Behave as Ca2+-regulated Exocytic Vesicles in Fibroblasts and Epithelial Cells
Authors: Rodríguez Ana , Webster Paul , Ortego Javier , Andrews Norma W. 
Published: July 2002

Lysosomes are considered to be a terminal degradative compartment of the endocytic pathway, into which transport is mostly unidirectional. However, specialized secretory vesicles regulated by Ca2+, such as neutrophil azurophil granules, mast cell–specific granules, and cytotoxic lymphocyte lytic granules, share characteristics with lysosomes that may reflect a common biogenesis. In addition, the involvement of Ca2+ transients in the invasion mechanism of the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which occurs by fusion of lysosomes with the plasma membrane, suggested that lysosome exocytosis might be a generalized process present in most cell types.
Here we demonstrate that elevation in the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration of normal rat kidney (NRK) fibroblasts induces fusion of lysosomes with the plasma membrane. This was verified by measuring the release of the lysosomal enzyme β-hexosaminidase, the appearance on the plasma membrane of the lysosomal glycoprotein lgp120, the release of fluid-phase tracers previously loaded into lysosomes, and the release of the lysosomally processed form of cathepsin D. Exposure to the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin or addition of Ca2+containing buffers to streptolysin O–permeabilized cells induced exocytosis of ∼10% of the total lysosomes of NRK cells. The process was also detected in other cell types such as epithelial cells and myoblasts. Lysosomal exocytosis was found to require micromolar levels of Ca2+ and to be temperature and ATP dependent, similar to Ca2+-regulated secretory mechanisms in specialized cells.
These findings highlight a novel role for lysosomes in cellular membrane traffic and suggest that fusion of lysosomes with the plasma membrane may be an ubiquitous form of Ca2+-regulated exocytosis.
Expression of Cd34 and Myf5 Defines the Majority of Quiescent Adult Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells
Authors: Beauchamp Jonathan R. , Heslop Louise , Yu David S.W. , Tajbakhsh Shahragim , Kelly Robert G. , Wernig Anton , Buckingham Margaret E. , Partridge Terence A. , Zammit Peter S. 
Published: July 2002

Skeletal muscle is one of a several adult post-mitotic tissues that retain the capacity to regenerate. This relies on a population of quiescent precursors, termed satellite cells. Here we describe two novel markers of quiescent satellite cells: CD34, an established marker of hematopoietic stem cells, and Myf5, the earliest marker of myogenic commitment. CD34+ve myoblasts can be detected in proliferating C2C12 cultures. In differentiating cultures, CD34+ve cells do not fuse into myotubes, nor express MyoD. Using isolated myofibers as a model of synchronous precursor cell activation, we show that quiescent satellite cells express CD34. An early feature of their activation is alternate splicing followed by complete transcriptional shutdown of CD34. This data implicates CD34 in the maintenance of satellite cell quiescence.
In heterozygous Myf5nlacZ/+ mice, all CD34+ve satellite cells also express β-galactosidase, a marker of activation of Myf5, showing that quiescent satellite cells are committed to myogenesis. All such cells are positive for the accepted satellite cell marker, M-cadherin. We also show that satellite cells can be identified on isolated myofibers of the myosin light chain 3F-nlacZ-2E mouse as those that do not express the transgene. The numbers of satellite cells detected in this way are significantly greater than those identified by the other three markers.
We conclude that the expression of CD34, Myf5, and M-cadherin defines quiescent, committed precursors and speculate that the CD34−ve, Myf5−ve minority may be involved in maintaining the lineage-committed majority.
Special values of multiple polylogarithms
Authors: Borwein Jonathan , Bradley David , Broadhurst David , Lisoněk Petr 
Published: July 2002

Historically, the polylogarithm has attracted specialists and non-specialists alike with its lovely evaluations. Much the same can be said for Euler sums (or multiple harmonic sums), which, within the past decade, have arisen in combinatorics, knot theory and high-energy physics. More recently, we have been forced to consider multidimensional extensions encompassing the classical polylogarithm, Euler sums, and the Riemann zeta function. Here, we provide a general framework within which previously isolated results can now be properly understood. Applying the theory developed herein, we prove several previously conjectured evaluations, including an intriguing conjecture of Don Zagier.
An extensive list of genes that produce alternative transcripts in the mouse.
Authors: Mangan M E , Frazer K S 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
SUMMARY: A single gene can generate multiple transcribed gene products. An extensive list of alternatively transcribed mouse genes has been generated, and is publicly available from http://www.informatics.jax.org/report.html. CONTACT: mgi-help@informatics.jax.org
Ballast: Blast post-processing based on locally conserved
segments
Authors: Plewniak F. , Thompson J. D. , Poch O. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Motivation: Blast programs are very efficient in finding relatively strong similarities but some very distantly related sequences are given a very high Expect value and are ranked very low in Blast results. We have developed Ballast, a program to predict local maximum segments (LMSs—i.e. sequence segments conserved relatively to their flanking regions) from a single Blast database search and to highlight these divergent homologues. The TBlastN database searches can also be processed with the help of information from a joint BlastP search.
Results: We have applied the Ballast algorithm to BlastP searches performed with sequences belonging to well described dispersed families (aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases; helicases) against the SwissProt 38 database. We show that Ballast is able to build an appropriate conservation profile and that LMSs are predicted that are consistent with the signatures and motifs described in the literature. Furthermore, by comparing the Blast, PsiBlast and Ballast results obtained on a well defined database of structurally related sequences, we show that the LMSs provide a scoring scheme that can concentrate on top ranking distant homologues better than Blast. Using the graphical user interface available on the Web, specific LMSs may be selected to detect divergent homologues sharing the corresponding properties with the query sequence without requiring any additional database search.
Availability: Web service is at http://igbmc.u-strasbg.fr:8080/ballast.htmland source code is available at ftp://ftp-igbmc.u-strasbg.fr/Ballast/
Contact: plewniak@igbmc.u-strasbg.fr
To whom correspondence should be addressed.
TREE-PUZZLE: maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis using
quartets and parallel computing
Authors: Schmidt Heiko A. , Strimmer Korbinian , Vingron Martin , von Haeseler Arndt 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Summary: TREE-PUZZLE is a program package for quartet-based maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analysis (formerly PUZZLE, Strimmer and von Haeseler, Mol. Biol. Evol. , 13, 964–969, 1996) that provides methods for reconstruction, comparison, and testing of trees and models on DNA as well as protein sequences. To reduce waiting time for larger datasets the tree reconstruction part of the software has been parallelized using message passing that runs on clusters of workstations as well as parallel computers.
Availability: http://www.tree-puzzle.de. The program is written in ANSI C. TREE-PUZZLE can be run on UNIX, Windows and Mac systems, including Mac OS X. To run the parallel version of PUZZLE, a Message Passing Interface (MPI) library has to be installed on the system. Free MPI implementations are available on the Web (cf. http://www.lam-mpi.org/mpi/implementations/).
Contact: hschmidt@molgen.mpg.de; haeseler@eva.mpg.de
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Methylohalomonadaceae fam. nov.
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Merkel Alexander Y. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Me.thy.lo.ha.lo.mo.nad.a.ce'ae N.L. fem. n.
Methylohalomonas
, the type genus of the family, ‐
aceae
ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Methylohalomonadaceae
the
Methylohalomonas
family.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Methylohalomonadales / Methylohalomonadaceae fam. nov.

The family
Methylohalomonadaceae
includes obligately methylotrophic, aerobic bacteria from hypersaline salt lakes. They are moderate halophiles utilizing C
1
compounds as the energy and carbon source via the serine cycle. The family is a member of the order
Methylohalomonadales
in the
Gammaproteobacteria
and consists of a single genus
Methylohalomonas
. The family‐level status was established by phylogenomic analysis based on the Genome Taxonomy DataBase classification.

DNA G
+
C content (%)
: 59.4 (genome sequence).

Type genus
:
Methylohalomonas
Sorokin et al. 2007
VP
.
Thiohalorhabdaceae fam. nov.
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Merkel Alexander Y. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Thi.o.ha.lo.rhab.da.ce'ae N.L. fem. n.
Thiohalorhabdus
, the type genus of the family; L. fem. pl. n. suff.‐
aceae
, ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Thiohalorhabdaceae
, the
Thiohalorhabdus
family.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Thiohalorhabdales / Thiohalorhabdaceae fam. nov.

The family
Thiohalorhabdaceae
incorporates facultatively anaerobic, chemolithoautotrophic, sulfur‐oxidizing bacteria from hypersaline habitats. They are extreme halophiles utilizing reduced sulfur compounds as energy sources with either O
2
or nitrate as the electron acceptor and assimilating CO
2
via the Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle. The family is a member of the order
Thiohalorhabdales
in the
Gammaproteobacteria,
and it consists of a single genus
Thiohalorhabdus
. The family‐level status was established by phylogenomic analysis based on the Genome Taxonomy DataBase classification.

DNA G
+
C content (%)
: 68.9 (genome of the type strain).

Type genus
:
Thiohalorhabdus
Sorokin et al. 2008
VP
.
Principles for 2D‐Material‐Assisted Nitrides Epitaxial Growth
Authors: Chen Qi , Yang Kailai , Shi Bo , Yi Xiaoyan , Wang Junxi , Li Jinmin , Liu Zhiqiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBeyond traditional heteroepitaxy, 2D‐materials‐assisted epitaxy opens opportunities to revolutionize future material integration methods. However, basic principles in 2D‐material‐assisted nitrides’ epitaxy remain unclear, which impedes understanding the essence, thus hindering its progress. Here, the crystallographic information of nitrides/2D material interface is theoretically established, which is further confirmed experimentally. It is found that the atomic interaction at the nitrides/2D material interface is related to the nature of underlying substrates. For single‐crystalline substrates, the heterointerface behaves like a covalent one and the epilayer inherits the substrate's lattice. Meanwhile, for amorphous substrates, the heterointerface tends to be a van der Waals one and strongly relies on the properties of 2D materials. Therefore, modulated by graphene, the nitrides’ epilayer is polycrystalline. In contrast, single‐crystalline GaN films are successfully achieved on WS2. These results provide a suitable growth‐front construction strategy for high‐quality 2D‐material‐assisted nitrides’ epitaxy. It also opens a pathway toward various semiconductors heterointegration.
Site Diversity and Mechanism of Metal‐Exchanged Zeolite Catalyzed Non‐Oxidative Propane Dehydrogenation
Authors: Yuan Yong , Zhao Zhaoqi , Lobo Raul F. , Xu Bingjun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMetal‐exchanged zeolites are well‐known propane dehydrogenation (PDH) catalysts; however, the structure of the active species remains unresolved. In this review, existing PDH catalysts are first surveyed, and then the current understanding of metal‐exchanged zeolite catalysts is described in detail. The case of Ga/H‐ZSM‐5 is employed to showcase that advances in the understanding of structure–activity relations are often accompanied by technological or conceptional breakthroughs. The understanding of Ga speciation at PDH conditions has evolved owing to the advent of in situ/operando characterizations and to the realization that the local coordination environment of Ga species afforded by the zeolite support has a decisive impact on the active site structure. In situ/operando quantitative characterization of catalysts, rigorous determination of intrinsic reaction rates, and predictive computational modeling are all significant in identifying the most active structure in these complex systems. The reaction mechanism could be both intricately related to and nearly independent of the details of the assumed active structure, as in the two main proposed PDH mechanisms on Ga/H‐ZSM‐5, that is, the carbenium mechanism and the alkyl mechanism. Perspectives on potential approaches to further elucidate the active structure of metal‐exchanged zeolite catalysts and reaction mechanisms are discussed in the final section.
π Learning: A Performance‐Informed Framework for Microstructural Electrode Design
Authors: Niu Zhiqiang , Zhao Wanhui , Wu Billy , Wang Huizhi , Lin Wen‐Feng , Pinfield Valerie J. , Xuan Jin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDesigning high‐performance porous electrodes is the key to next‐generation electrochemical energy devices. Current machine‐learning‐based electrode design strategies are mainly orientated toward physical properties; however, the electrochemical performance is the ultimate design objective. Performance‐orientated electrode design is challenging because the current data driven approaches do not accurately extract high‐dimensional features in complex multiphase microstructures. Herein, this work reports a novel performance‐informed deep learning framework, termed π learning, which enables performance‐informed microstructure generation, toward overall performance prediction of candidate electrodes by adding most relevant physical features into the learning process. This is achieved by integrating physics‐informed generative adversarial neural networks (GANs) with convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and with advanced multi‐physics, multi‐scale modeling of 3D porous electrodes. This work demonstrates the advantages of π learning by employing two popular design philosophies: forward and inverse designs, for the design of solid oxide fuel cells electrodes. π learning thus has the potential to unlock performance‐driven learning in the design of next generation porous electrodes for advanced electrochemical energy devices such as fuel cells and batteries.