bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arrested diversification? The phylogenetic distribution of poorly-diversifying lineages
Authors: Caron Fernanda S. , Pie Marcio R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRapidly-diversifying lineages have been a major focus of modern evolutionary biology, with many hypotheses seeking to explain how they contribute to the uneven distribution of species in space and among taxa. However, an alternative view that is rarely explored is that some lineages evolve to become depauperate clades and show disproportionately low diversification, in a phenomenon we here call arrested diversification. In this study, we analyse several large-scale datasets including amphibian, squamate, mammal, and seed plant species to assess the extent to which poorly-diversifying lineages show distinct phylogenetic and spatial distributions in relation to other lineages. We found significant evidence that clades with low diversification rates tend to be more phylogenetically overdispersed than expected and show more idiosyncratic spatial distributions. These results suggest that arrested diversification is a real phenomenon that might play an important (yet largely overlooked) role in explaining asymmetries in the distribution of species across lineages.
Siblings Supporting the Social Interactions of Children Who Use Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Authors: Hacker Rebecca E. , Meadan Hedda , Terol Adriana Kaori 
Published: December 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a training and coaching program aimed to increase the use of the aided language modeling (ALM) strategy by siblings to support the social interactions of children with disabilities who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) in the natural environment.

Method:
A single-case, multiple-probe design that included a training and coaching intervention was implemented to teach four typically developing siblings to use the ALM strategy with high fidelity with their sibling who used AAC. In addition, a second research question investigated the rate at which siblings used the ALM strategy with the child.

Results:
Results revealed that the sibling training and coaching was (a) effective in increasing high fidelity of the siblings' implementation of the ALM strategy and (b) participants and family members found the intervention to be impactful and meaningful.

Conclusions:
The changes observed throughout this study demonstrate the need for more sibling- and family-centered training to increase the use of AAC in the natural environment. Families were satisfied with the goals, procedures, and outcomes; however, they also expressed their need for additional support.
Ordinal Pattern Analysis: A Tutorial on Assessing the Fit of Hypotheses to Individual Repeated Measures Data
Authors: Beechey Timothy 
Published: December 2022

Purpose:
This article provides a tutorial introduction to ordinal pattern analysis, a statistical analysis method designed to quantify the extent to which hypotheses of relative change across experimental conditions match observed data at the level of individuals. This method may be a useful addition to familiar parametric statistical methods including repeated measures analysis of variance and generalized linear mixed-effects models, particularly when analyzing inherently individual characteristics, such as perceptual processes, and where experimental effects are usefully modeled in relative rather than absolute terms.

Method:
Three analyses of increasing complexity are demonstrated using ordinal pattern analysis. An initial analysis of a very small data set is designed to explicate the simple mathematical calculations that make up ordinal pattern analysis, which can be performed without the aid of a computer. Analyses of slightly larger data sets are used to demonstrate familiar concepts, including comparison of competing hypotheses, handling missing data, group comparisons, and pairwise tests. All analyses can be reproduced using provided code and data.

Results:
Ordinal pattern analysis results are presented, along with an analogous linear mixed-effects analysis, to illustrate the similarities and differences in information provided by ordinal pattern analysis in comparison to familiar parametric methods.

Conclusion:
Although ordinal pattern analysis does not produce familiar numerical effect sizes, it does provide highly interpretable results in terms of the proportion of individuals whose results are consistent with a hypothesis, along with individual and group-level statistics, which quantify hypothesis performance.
Speech-Language Pathology Graduate Students' Perception of Satisfaction, Confidence, and Interpersonal Skill Development During Simulated Experiences Amid COVID-19
Authors: Busch Cody Marie , Ma Tinglan 
Published: December 2022

Purpose:
This quantitative survey correlational study aimed to examine the satisfaction, confidence, and interpersonal skills of speech-language pathology (SLP) graduate students after participating in simulated learning experiences (SLEs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research questions addressed (a) How do SLP graduate students perceive satisfaction, confidence, interpersonal skills, and strengths and challenges of this learning after participating in SLEs? and (b) How do SLP graduate students perceive satisfaction, confidence, and interpersonal skills across the number of hours of the SLE, the number of courses that utilize simulation, and the types of simulation experiences?

Method:
We invited a total of 72 Midwest clinic directors to distribute the survey to students in their respective programs. The final sample included 327 SLP students. Participants responded to questions on satisfaction, confidence, and interpersonal skills after participating in SLEs.

Results:
Key findings included a positive correlation among student perceptions, including satisfaction, confidence, and interpersonal skills, but no correlations between student perceptions and the number of courses that integrated SLEs and number of hours of simulation experience. Simulation types were analyzed and showed significant differences in interpersonal skill development such that virtual patient simulation is associated with more positive interpersonal skills among all types. A summary of strengths and challenges from the SLP graduate student perspective was also synthesized.

Conclusions:
Findings necessitate further exploration as they relate to the SLP graduate clinical experiences. This study revealed moderate to positive feedback on SLEs (instead of overall positive feedback) regarding satisfaction, confidence, and interpersonal skill development; however, previous studies noted positive outcomes. Further research should include comparing face-to-face experiences with SLEs and replicating this survey after the COVID-19 pandemic subsides and graduate programs can return to normal operations.
New technologies for optimal scheduling of electric vehicles in renewable energy‐oriented power systems: A review of deep learning, deep reinforcement learning and blockchain technology
Authors: Ma Wenshuai , Hu Junjie , Yao Li , Fu Zhuoming , Morais Hugo , Marinelli Mattia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWith global concerns about carbon emissions, the proportion of renewable energy generation worldwide is increasing, and the demand for flexible resources in power systems is growing. In recent years, as a clean means of transportation, the number of electric vehicles has increased, and the optimal scheduling of electric vehicles has become a research hotspot. The rise of artificial intelligence, blockchain, and other innovative technologies has enriched research on optimal scheduling of electric vehicles. To reveal the latest developments in electric vehicle optimal scheduling studies, this paper summarises the application of state‐of‐the‐art technologies, including deep learning, deep reinforcement learning, and blockchain technology in the optimal scheduling of electric vehicles. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of various technical applications are highlighted. Finally, considering the shortcomings and developmental status of applications of the above three technologies, some suggestions for future research directions are proposed.
On the performance of non‐profiled side channel attacks based on deep learning techniques
Authors: Do Ngoc‐Tuan , Hoang Van‐Phuc , Doan Van Sang , Pham Cong‐Kha 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn modern embedded systems, security issues including side‐channel attacks (SCAs) are becoming of paramount importance since the embedded devices are ubiquitous in many categories of consumer electronics. Recently, deep learning (DL) has been introduced as a new promising approach for profiled and non‐profiled SCAs. This paper proposes and evaluates the applications of different DL techniques including the Convolutional Neural Network and the multilayer perceptron models for non‐profiled attacks on the AES‐128 encryption implementation. Especially, the proposed network is fine‐tuned with different number of hidden layers, labelling techniques and activation functions. Along with the designed models, a dataset reconstruction and labelling technique for the proposed model has also been performed for solving the high dimension data and imbalanced dataset problem. As a result, the DL based SCA with our reconstructed dataset for different targets of ASCAD, RISC‐V microcontroller, and ChipWhisperer boards has achieved a higher performance of non‐profiled attacks. Specifically, necessary investigations to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed techniques against different SCA countermeasures, such as masking and hiding, have been performed. In addition, the effect of the activation function on the proposed DL models was investigated. The experimental results have clarified that the exponential linear unit function is better than the rectified linear unit in fighting against noise generation‐based hiding countermeasure.
Constraints on the non-thermal desorption of methanol in the cold core LDN 429-C
Authors: Taillard A. , Wakelam V. , Gratier P. , Dartois E. , Chabot M. , Noble J. A. , Keane J. V. , Boogert A. C. A. , Harsono D. 
Published: December 2022

Context. Cold cores are one of the first steps of star formation, characterized by densities of a few 104–105 cm−3, low temperatures (15 K and below), and very low external UV radiation. In these dense environments, a rich chemistry takes place on the surfaces of dust grains. Understanding the physico-chemical processes at play in these environments is essential to tracing the origin of molecules that are predominantly formed via reactions on dust grain surfaces.
Aims. We observed the cold core LDN 429-C (hereafter L429-C) with the NOEMA interferometer and the IRAM 30 m single dish telescope in order to obtain the gas-phase abundances of key species, including CO and CH3OH. Comparing the data for methanol to the methanol ice abundance previously observed with Spitzer allows us to put quantitative constraints on the efficiency of the non-thermal desorption of this species.
Methods. With physical parameters determined from available Herschel data, we computed abundance maps of 11 detected molecules with a non-local thermal equilibrium (LTE) radiative transfer model. These observations allowed us to probe the molecular abundances as a function of density (ranging from a few 103 to a few 106 cm−3) and visual extinction (ranging from 7 to over 75), with the variation in temperature being restrained between 12 and 18 K. We then compared the observed abundances to the predictions of the Nautilus astrochemical model.
Results. We find that all molecules have lower abundances at high densities and visual extinctions with respect to lower density regions, except for methanol, whose abundance remains around 4.5 × 10−10 with respect to H2. The CO abundance spreads over a factor of 10 (from an abundance of 10−4 with respect to H2 at low density to 1.8 × 10−5 at high density) while the CS, SO, and H2S abundances vary by several orders of magnitude. No conclusion can be drawn for CCS, HC3N, and CN because of the lack of detections at low densities. Comparing these observations with a grid of chemical models based on the local physical conditions, we were able to reproduce these observations, allowing only the parameter time to vary. Higher density regions require shorter times than lower density regions. This result can provide insights on the timescale of the dynamical evolution of this region. The increase in density up to a few 104 cm−3 may have taken approximately 105 yr, while the increase to 106 cm−3 occurs over a much shorter time span (104 yr). Comparing the observed gas-phase abundance of methanol with previous measurements of the methanol ice, we estimate a non-thermal desorption efficiency between 0.002 and 0.09%, increasing with density. The apparent increase in the desorption efficiency cannot be reproduced by our model unless the yield of cosmic-ray sputtering is altered due to the ice composition varying as a function of density.
System size and energy dependence of proton rapidity spectra from NA61/SHINE at the CERN SPS
Authors: Panova Oleksandra , Lewicki Maciej 
Published: December 2022

NA61/SHINE is an experiment at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. The main goals of the experiment are the search for the critical point of strongly interacting matter and the study of the properties of the onset of deconfinement. To reach these goals, the two-dimensional scan in beam momentum (13A − 150A GeV/c) and system size (p+p, Be+Be, Ar+Sc, Xe+La, Pb+Pb) was performed.
In the final stage of the collision, the spectra of protons are only weakly affected by the effects of resonance decays and rescattering due to their large mass. Thus, proton rapidity distribution is particularly sensitive to the onset of deconfinement.
This article presents experimental results on proton production in the collision energy range, which is most relevant to the onset of deconfinement. The procedure of measuring the proton rapidity spectra by NA61/SHINE is described, as well as Collaboration’s recent results from reactions of p+p, Be+Be and Ar+Sc. Presented experimental results are confronted with existing data and models.
Intercondylar Notch Pathology
Authors: Crouser Nisha , Wright Jonathan , DiBartola Alex , Flanigan David , Duerr Robert 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe intercondylar notch of the knee is a relatively small area. However, numerous rare pathologies can arise in this region. A majority of the existing literature has focused on the cruciate ligament injuries, yet there are several other entities that can cause knee pain from within the intercondylar notch. This review focuses on identifying the various diagnostic and treatment options for rare benign and malignant lesions including ganglion cyst formation, mucoid degeneration, benign proliferative conditions, and intra-articular tumors. These entities are most often diagnosed with advanced imaging studies and treated arthroscopically. While rare, these pathologies are important to identify in patients with ongoing vague knee pain.
Webcam Use in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit during the First Year of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic
Authors: Mangla Shubham , Stolfi Adrienne , Jasin Lisa , Yamashita Izumi , Bader Greg , Howard Savana , Omoloja Abiodun 
Published: December 2022

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate patterns of webcam use in families of patients admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) during the first year of the pandemic and characterize the families who used the technology.
Study Design Retrospective chart review of the medical records and logins of our live webcam system was conducted for 2020.
Results From January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020, 843 infants were admitted to the NICU, with lengths of stay range of 1 to 169 days. More than half (n = 496, 58.8%) of all families of infants admitted to the NICU used the webcam system during the period of study. The number of webcam users did not change between the pre-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and during COVID-19 time periods, or during versus after NICU visitor restrictions. Among webcam users, the median (interquartile range) number of logins per day was 2.9 (2.9) and ranged from 0 to 44. There were significant differences among races, site of admission, and diagnosis groups. Families of White infants had more frequent use compared with families of Black infants. Families of infants admitted for surgical reasons had more frequent use compared with those admitted for medical reasons. Among 284 of the 496 (57.3%) webcam users, we documented logins from 37 states in the United States and from 10 different countries.
Conclusion Webcam use is common in the NICU. There was no increase in webcam use within the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in the NICU. More studies are needed to evaluate how this technology is used in the NICU and its impact on patients and families.
Key Points
Acute Effects of Low-intensity Isometric Exercise at Long and Short
Muscle-tendon Unit Lengths
Authors: Nakao Sayaka , Ikezoe Tome , Motomura Yoshiki , Hirono Tetsuya , Ichihashi Noriaki 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLow-intensity training at long muscle-tendon unit lengths with a greater passive
force may cause muscle swelling, which may be related to hypertrophy, even if
the active force production is lower than that at short muscle-tendon unit
lengths. This study compared muscle swelling after low-intensity torque-matched
isometric exercises at long and short muscle-tendon unit lengths. Twenty-six
volunteers performed isometric knee flexion exercises (30% of maximal
voluntary contraction× 5 seconds×10
repetitions×9 sets) either at long or short lengths of the hamstrings
(90° hip flexion and 30° knee flexion, or 90° hip and
knee flexion, respectively). Active torque was calculated by subtracting passive
torque from the total torque generated during exercise. Swelling-induced changes
in cross-sectional area was assessed before and after exercise using
ultrasonography. There was no between-group difference in the total torque
during exercise; however, the active torque was significantly lower in the group
trained at long than in the group trained at short muscle-tendon unit lengths.
Muscle swelling occurred in both groups. The results suggest that exercise at
long muscle-tendon unit lengths can cause similar muscle swelling as exercise at
short muscle-tendon unit lengths, even in cases where active torque production
is lower than that at short lengths.
Synthesis of N-Acylsulfenamides from Amides and N-Thiosuccinimides
Authors: Liu Jessica T. , Brandes Daniel S. , Ellman Jonathan A. , Greenwood Nathaniel S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHerein is reported a robust and general method for the preparation of N-acylsulfenamides, important functionalities that have recently been utilized as central inputs for the asymmetric synthesis of high oxidation state sulfur compounds. This straightforward transformation proceeds by reaction of primary amides, carbamates, sulfonamides, sulfinamides, and ureas with stable N-thiosuccinimides or N-thiophthalimides, which in turn are prepared in a single step from commercial thiols. The use of stable N-thiosuccinimide and N-thiophthalimide reactants is desirable because it obviates the use of highly reactive sulfenyl chlorides.
A Clinical Overview of Anorexia Nervosa and Overcoming Treatment Resistance
Authors: Nagy Hassan , Paul Tanya , Jain Esha , Loh Hanyou , Kazmi Syeda Hafsa , Dua Rishbha , Rodriguez Ricardo , Naqvi Syed Ali Abbas , U. Metu Chiamaka , Bidika Erjola 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a type of eating disorder that has been increasing in incidence and has been encountered more commonly by physicians in their daily practice. Both environmental and genetic risk factors paired along with a more susceptible neurobiology are at play in the emerging resistance to treatment in AN. Preoccupations with intense fear of weight gain, dietary restrictions, excessive exercise, and how the individual is perceived by society mixed with underlying psychopathology all further add to the issue. Many patients who fall into this cycle of obsessive and restrictive patterns refuse to get treatment. As clinicians, it is essential we recognize the early signs of both eating disorders during the initial primary care appointments.To review the literature on the etiology of AN, possible misdiagnosis leading to inappropriate management of this condition, and understand the treatment-resistant AN and its management. Additionally, it will explore possible reasons that contribute to the resistance to treatment, the underlying psychopathology of anorexics, its genetic predisposition, psychiatric comorbidities, identification of the early signs and symptoms, and timely prevention.Early recognition by a physician includes a thorough history and physical examination, pertinent laboratory, and electrolyte studies, and identifying comorbid psychiatric conditions. The treatment of AN is intricate and requires a holistic approach. Treatment includes multiple modalities such as nutritional rehabilitation and psychosocial and pharmacological therapies. An interdisciplinary team of medical professionals for managing chronic AN is recommended.
Dual Venous Drainage for the Free Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Flap—Using the Serratus Vein Tributary—Making Virtue of a Necessity
Authors: Ravula Parvati , Rayidi Venkata Koteswararao , Nambi Muni Roopesh Kumar , Rangachari Srikanth , Bathini Asha Deepthi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background Most flap failures in the lower limb are on account of venous congestion. Literature shows a decrease in the incidence of venous failure when two veins are anastomosed. The thoracodorsal pedicle of the latissimus dorsi free flap affords the possibility of a single venous anastomosis. The lack of a second venous outflow could result in venous congestion in the distal limits of the flap, particularly when long flaps are required for large defects or when the recipient veins are smaller in diameter.
Methods We describe a consecutive series of 11 cases of latissimus dorsi flaps for leg and foot defects with a mean defect size of 310 cm2, where the serratus anterior vein was used as a second venous outflow channel to ensure maximal venous drainage.
Results There were no re-explorations for anastomotic causes. Only one case had partial distal muscle necrosis. There was a delayed anastomotic blowout due to infection resulting in amputation in one case. There was no partial distal muscle necrosis in nine of the ten cases.
Conclusion Using the serratus vein as a second venous outflow is of use in reducing incidence of venous occlusion and distal muscle necrosis and can be specially indicated for large flaps and venous diameter discrepancy.