bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ru–W Pair Sites Enabling the Ensemble Catalysis for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Ma Weilong , Yang Xiaoyu , Li Dingding , Xu Ruixin , Nie Liangpeng , Zhang Baoping , Wang Yi , Wang Shuang , Wang Gang , Diao Jinxiang , Zheng Lirong , Bai Jinbo , Leng Kunyue , Li Xiaolin , Qu Yunteng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSimultaneously optimizing elementary steps, such as water dissociation, hydroxyl transferring, and hydrogen combination, is crucial yet challenging for achieving efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline media. Herein, Ru single atom‐doped WO2 nanoparticles with atomically dispersed Ru–W pair sites (Ru–W/WO2‐800) are developed using a crystalline lattice‐confined strategy, aiming to gain efficient alkaline HER. It is found that Ru–W/WO2‐800 exhibits remarkable HER activity, characterized by a low overpotential (11 mV at 10 mA cm−2), notable mass activity (5863 mA mg−1 Ru at 50 mV), and robust stability (500 h at 250 mA cm−2). The highly efficient activity of Ru–W/WO2‐800 is attributed to the synergistic effect of Ru–W sites through ensemble catalysis. Specifically, the W sites expedite rapid hydroxyl transferring and water dissociation, while the Ru sites accelerate the hydrogen combination process, synergistically facilitating the HER activity. This study opens a promising pathway for tailoring the coordination environment of atomic‐scale catalysts to achieve efficient electro‐catalysis.
The rebel, the professor, and the entrepreneur: Qualitative study to explore creator stories of FOAM
Authors: Zuckerman Matthew , Pardis Parnian , Horsley Tanya , Dhanireddy Bhargavi , YIlmaz Yusuf , Gottlieb Michael , Thoma Brent , Chan Teresa M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe free open access medical education (#FOAMed, or FOAM) movement creates educational content intended to inform medical education and clinical practice and is distributed in an unrestricted fashion (e.g., open access website). The who, what, and in particular the how of FOAM has raised important questions about the sustainability of the movement.MethodsWe recruited a diverse research team that included educational researchers, FOAM contributors, a business academician, and medical trainees to design and conduct a qualitative study exploring the work of FOAM creators. We analyzed the transcripts of interviews with 11 participants from top FOAM websites in emergency medicine and critical care. The team met frequently to iteratively identify and discuss emergent themes (major and minor) until saturation of concepts was achieved.ResultsCreators of FOAM could be categorized using three archetypes: the rebel, the professor, and the entrepreneur. The rebel was categorized as distinctly rejecting “traditional academic structures” yet was compelled to deliver educational content via alternative routes. The professor retained a traditional academic role, instead creating FOAM to supplement academic activities (teaching courses, disseminating scholarship, promotion). Entrepreneurs focused on creating a sustainable entity in an effort to supplement their income and reduce clinical obligations.ConclusionWhile all FOAM creators appear unified in their passion to create, promote, and distribute educational material with unfettered access to educators, their motivations for creating content could be differentiated. Given the grassroots nature of FOAM, creators share concerns related to financing, time commitments, and threats to sustainability of these businesses. The longevity of FOAM and what business models are best suited to support them are uncertain. Further exploration of the implications could investigate the best ways to engage with and support the different FOAM creator archetypes and develop models of sustainability.
On the relationship between green space and civic engagement: The roles of well‐being, outgroup trust, and activity level
Authors: Ng Henry Kin Shing , Chow Sin Yau 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMuch research has been devoted to the positive effect of green space on prosociality, but little is known about its impact on civic engagement. It is also unclear how the effect takes place. This research fills the voids by regressing 2440 US citizen's civic engagement on the vegetation density and park area in their neighborhoods. It further examines if the effect is due to changes in well‐being, interpersonal trust, or activity level. Park area predicts higher civic engagement, which is mediated by higher trust in outgroups. However, the data is inconclusive about the effect of vegetation density and the well‐being mechanism. In contrast to the activity hypothesis, the effect of parks on civic engagement is stronger in unsafe neighborhoods, suggesting that they are valuable resources to combat neighborhood problems. The results bring insights into how individuals and communities can benefit the most from green spaces in the neighborhood.
Indirect effect of race‐related stress on traumatic stress and depression symptoms via subjective social status in a Black community sample
Authors: Obenauf Caterina , Mekawi Yara , Lathan Emma C. , Hinojosa Cecilia A. , Thomas Joel G. , Stevens Jennifer S. , Powers Abigail , Michopoulos Vasiliki , Carter Sierra 
Published: July 2023

AbstractExperiencing racism is linked to lower subjective social status (SSS), defined as one's perception of their position in society. SSS is influenced by power, prestige, and objective socioeconomic status (SES). Previous findings suggest that race‐related stress may be related to adverse mental health outcomes through SSS in Black Americans, a population that has been deeply affected by continuing legacies of oppression. The current study examines the indirect association between race‐related stress and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression symptoms through SSS in a community sample of largely trauma‐exposed Black Americans (N = 173). Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that overall race‐related stress significantly predicted lower SSS, higher PTSD symptoms, and higher depression symptoms. Analyses also revealed indirect effects of cultural race‐related stress on PTSD and depression symptoms through SSS after controlling for SES. Results suggest that the experience of race‐related stress, particularly cultural race‐related stress, which involves the degradation and disparagement of one's culture and worldview, is associated with more severe PTSD and depression symptoms potentially due to these experiences decreasing Black Americans' SSS. Findings support the need for systemic intervention strategies to disrupt the cultural oppression of Black Americans and improve the societal value and mental health of this population.
Patterns of alleged offending amongst Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal young people in the Northern Territory of Australia, 1997–2019
Authors: He Vincent Yaofeng , Condon John R. , Malvaso Catia G. , Williams Tamika , Liddle Leanne , Blagg Harry , Guthridge Steven 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn Australia, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are much more likely to be arrested, charged with criminal offences and imprisoned than other Australians. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders comprise 49% of young people in detention but only 5.8% of the Australian population aged 10–17. This study investigated changes between 1997 and 2019 in the interaction of Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal young people with the justice system in the Northern Territory (NT) of Australia. The prevalence of young people being charged with an alleged offence decreased by more than 60% between 1999 and 2001, co‐incident with the introduction of the Juvenile Diversion Scheme in August 2000. Thereafter, for non‐Aboriginal young people there was a small and temporary increase, but for Aboriginal young people prevalence increased almost back to pre‐2000 levels by 2015 before starting to decrease. Aboriginal young people comprised 57% of those charged with any offence in 1997, rising to 88% in 2019. Further investigation is needed to understand the reasons for divergent trends in the prevalence of alleged offending for Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal young people, which may include the role of diversion, differences in the nature of offences and systemic bias and racism.
In vivo‐Stoffwechselbildgebung mit [1‐13C]Pyruvat‐d3, hyperpolarisiert durch reversiblen Austausch mit Parawasserstoff**
Authors: de Maissin Henri , Groß Philipp R. , Mohiuddin Obaid , Weigt Moritz , Nagel Luca , Herzog Marvin , Wang Zirun , Willing Robert , Reichardt Wilfried , Pichotka Martin , Heß Lisa , Reinheckel Thomas , Jessen Henning J. , Zeiser Robert , Bock Michael , von Elverfeldt Dominik , Zaitsev Maxim , Korchak Sergey , Glöggler Stefan , Hövener Jan‐Bernd , Chekmenev Eduard Y. , Schilling Franz , Knecht Stephan , Schmidt Andreas B. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDie metabolische Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) mit hyperpolarisiertem (HP) Pyruvat wird zu einer vielversprechenden, nicht‐invasiven Technik für die Diagnose, die Charakterisierung und die Überwachung bei Behandlung von Krebs, sowie bei anderen Erkrankungen. Die klinisch etablierte Methode zur Herstellung HP‐Pyruvats, die dynamische Kernpolarisation, ist jedoch ein komplexes und langwieriges Verfahren. Die Signalverstärkung durch reversiblen Austausch (SABRE) ist eine ultraschnelle und kostengünstige Methode, die auf einem schnellen chemischen Austausch beruht. Hier demonstrieren wir zum ersten Mal eine in vivo‐Anwendung, sowie auch metabolische MRT mit SABRE. Wir präsentieren eine neuartige Routine zur Herstellung von wässrigem HP‐[1‐13C]Pyruvat‐d3 innerhalb von sechs Minuten, zur Anwendung in lebenden Organismen. Die injizierte Lösung war steril, ungiftig, pH‐neutral und enthielt ≈30 mM [1‐13C]Pyruvat‐d3, polarisiert auf ≈11 % (Rückstände von 250 mM Methanol und 20 μM Katalysator). Es wurde durch schnelle Lösungsmittelverdampfung und Metallfiltrierung gewonnen, die wir in diesem Manuskript ausführlich beschreiben. Diese Ergebnisse machen die HP‐Pyruvat‐MRT für eine breite biomedizinische Gemeinschaft zur schnellen metabolischen Bildgebung von lebenden Organismen verfügbar.
Die entscheidende Rolle von Sb2F10 bei der chemischen Synthese von F2
Authors: Möbs Martin , Dixon David A. , de Melo Gabriel F. , Vasiliu Monica , Graubner Tim , Christe Karl O. , Kraus Florian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDie Synthese von elementarem Fluor auf rein chemischem Weg ist spektakulär und galt länger als ein Jahrhundert als unmöglich. Im Jahr 1986 war man schließlich erfolgreich. Seitdem wurde diese wichtige Reaktion nicht weiter untersucht und ihr detaillierter Mechanismus blieb ein Rätsel. Die ursprüngliche Hypothese eines thermodynamisch instabilen MnF4, welches sich spontan zu einem Manganfluorid niedrigerer Oxidationsstufe und elementarem Fluor zersetzt, wird durch die bekannte thermische Stabilität von MnF4 in Frage gestellt. Diese scheinbare Diskrepanz konnte nun experimentell und durch quantenchemische Rechnungen aufgeklärt werden. Die reduktive Eliminierung von F2 aus MnF4 erfordert einen großen Überschuss an SbF5. Sie findet im letzten Reaktionsschritt statt, wenn sich an das Zwischenprodukt [SbF6][MnF2][Sb2F11] ein weiteres SbF5‐Molekül unter Bildung eines weiteren tridentaten [Sb2F11]−‐Anions anlagert. Die beiden [Sb2F11]−‐Anionen stellen dem Mn‐Atom so sechs verbrückende F‐Atome zur Verfügung und ermöglichen damit die reduktive Eliminierung der beiden terminalen Fluoridoliganden als F2.
On‐Demand Control of Short‐Wave Infrared Light Transparency Based on Stimuli‐Responsive Association of Tetrathiafulvalene Radical Cations
Authors: Suzuki Shuichi , Sakai Toshihiro , Takagi Sota , Naota Takeshi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe light‐transmissive properties of a solid‐state tetrathiafulvalene radical cation‐bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 1‐C5⋅+ ⋅ NTf2−, underwent instantaneous changes in the short‐wave infrared (SWIR) region (1000–2500 nm) upon exposure to solvent vapor or the application of mechanostress at room temperature. The initial solid state of 1‐C5⋅+ ⋅ NTf2− exhibited strong absorption in the near‐infrared (NIR; 700–1000 nm) and SWIR regions, whereas the absorption in the SWIR region was significantly diminished in the stimulated state induced by dichloromethane vapor. Upon cessation of vapor stimulation, the solid state spontaneously and promptly reverted to its original state, characterized by absorption bands in the NIR/SWIR region. Moreover, the SWIR absorption was absent upon the application of mechanical stress using a steel spatula. The reversal was fast and occurred within 10 s. These changes were visualized using a SWIR imaging camera under 1450‐nm light irradiation. Experimental investigations demonstrated that the transparency to the SWIR light in the solid states was modulated through significant structural transformations of the associated radical cations, with transitions between columnar and isolated π‐dimer structures under ambient and stimulated conditions, respectively.
Experimental study on the effect of tight gas fracturing flowback fluid composition on the performance of modified polyacrylamide viscosity reducing and slippery water system
Authors: Xiong Feng , Wang Xue‐Qiang , Liu Yang , Chen Long , Zhao Zhi‐Hong , Yang Hao , Hu Jing‐Yu , Li Ding , Zhang Yu , Li Ya‐Ding 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTight gas belongs to unconventional gas reservoirs, and to obtain high gas production, it needs to be fractured and reformed. After the construction is completed, a large amount of flowback fluid is produced. In order to reduce the cost of flowback fluid treatment and avoid environmental pollution, a slippery water system with flowback fluid is usually used on the site of hydraulic fracturing. Almost all flowback fluids contain high‐order cations such as calcium ions, magnesium ions, iron ions, and a large amount of suspended solids. Some flowback fluids contain incomplete gel‐breaking micelles and unseparated condensate oil. The performance of the viscosity‐reducing and slippery water system with flowback fluid as the base fluid is poor, usually manifested as low viscosity of the slippery water, low friction reduction rate, and high formation damage. To study the effect of tight gas fracturing flowback fluid on the performance of modified polyacrylamide viscosity‐reducing and slippery water system, this paper found through cryo‐electron microscopy scanning experiments that the flowback fluid made the modified polyacrylamide molecular chain unable to form a complex network structure and showed the phenomenon of reduced strength and aggregation. The effects of mineralization degree, calcium and magnesium ions, divalent and trivalent iron ions, suspended solids, pH value, and oil content on the viscosity, friction reduction performance, and rock damage of the viscosity‐reducing and slippery water system were analyzed experimentally. It was found that the viscosity of the viscosity‐reducing and slippery water system was mainly affected by divalent iron ions, calcium and magnesium ions and other divalent cations; the friction reduction rate was mainly affected by the content of suspended solids and oil content; and the rock damage was mainly affected by the pH value and the content of suspended solids. Based on this, recommended parameters for reusing tight gas fracturing flowback fluid are given to guide the smooth progress of hydraulic fracturing construction on‐site.
Properties of co‐precipitated jack bean starch‐based magnetic nanoparticles derivatives
Authors: Oladebeye Abraham Olasupo , Nomiye Margaret Moji , Osisike Miracle , Gbadamosi Kabirat Omotoyosi , Adeyemi Adewale Fatai , Ashogbon Adeleke Omodunbi , Oladebeye Aderonke Adenike 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLow‐ and high‐derivatives of magnetic starch nanoparticles (MSNPs) are obtained at respective 5 and 10 mL of 25% glutaraldehyde at 60, 70, and 80°C via coprecipitation of iron (II, III) oxide with jack bean starch. Their swelling power, solubility, bulk density, Fourier transform infra‐red (FTIR) patterns, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)‐differential thermal analysis (DTA), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) properties, and morphology are analyzed. The results show that the MSNPs derivatives are pH‐responsive and temperature‐dependent. Peak swelling power (4.19 ± 0.01 g/g) of MSNPs derivative is obtained at 60°C. MSNPs derivatives are more soluble in acidic medium than alkaline medium. Bulk density improves three times more in MSNPs derivatives. FeO stretching bonds are observed at 530.73, 551.03, and 621.44 cm−1 for the MSNPs derivatives in addition to peaks of OH stretching at 3251.06 cm−1 (native starch [NS]), 3308.41 cm−1 (low‐substituted MSNPs), and 3133.28 cm−1 (high‐substituted MSNPs). The TGA‐DTA curves are endothermic and MSNPs are thermally stable beyond 700°C. MSNPs derivatives exhibit average lattice constant of 0.82382 nm with prominent peaks at 30.00° 2θ and 32.00° 2θ. MSNPs derivatives are mesoporous with peak BET surface area of 50.462 m2g−1. The microstructures of NS and MSNPs derivatives are predominantly oval. The MSNPs studied can serve as alternative functional biomaterials and nanosorbents.
Ezh2‐dependent methylation in oral epithelia promotes secondary palatogenesis
Authors: Sun Bo , Reynolds Kurt , Saha Subbroto Kumar , Zhang Shuwen , McMahon Moira , Zhou Chengji J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn addition to genomic risk variants and environmental influences, increasing evidence suggests epigenetic modifications are important for orofacial development and their alterations can contribute to orofacial clefts. Ezh2 encodes a core catalytic component of the Polycomb repressive complex responsible for addition of methyl marks to Histone H3 as a mechanism of repressing target genes. The role of Ezh2 in orofacial clefts remains unknown.AimsTo investigate the epithelial role of Ezh2‐dependent methylation in secondary palatogenesis.MethodsWe used conditional gene‐targeting methods to ablate Ezh2 in the surface ectoderm‐derived oral epithelium of mouse embryos. We then performed single‐cell RNA sequencing combined with immunofluorescence and RT‐qPCR to investigate gene expression in conditional mutant palate. We also employed double knockout analyses of Ezh1 and Ezh2 to address if they have synergistic roles in palatogenesis.ResultsWe found that conditional inactivation of Ezh2 in oral epithelia results in partially penetrant cleft palate. Double knockout analyses revealed that another family member Ezh1 is dispensable in orofacial development, and it does not have synergistic roles with Ezh2 in palatogenesis. Histochemistry and single‐cell RNA‐seq analyses revealed dysregulation of cell cycle regulators in the palatal epithelia of Ezh2 mutant mouse embryos disrupts palatogenesis.ConclusionEzh2‐dependent histone H3K27 methylation represses expression of cell cycle regulator Cdkn1a and promotes proliferation in the epithelium of the developing palatal shelves. Loss of this regulation may perturb movement of the palatal shelves, causing a delay in palate elevation which may result in failure of the secondary palate to close altogether.
Noninvasive treatment of psoriasis and skin rejuvenation using an akermanite‐type narrowband emitting phosphor
Authors: Sharma Aachal A. , Rakshita M. , Pradhan Payal P. , Prasad K. A. K. Durga , Mishra Siju , Jayanthi K. , Haranath D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPsoriasis is a noncontagious, long‐lasting skin infection that affects many people around the world. Numerous therapeutic artificial treatments are available for the treatment of psoriasis, such as photodynamic therapy using broadband ultraviolet (UV) lamps, which have harmful effects on human skin. Similarly, the natural healing systems such as sunlight have a higher risk of sunburn and can cause dangerous forms of skin cancer. Significant light emission of a specific wavelength (in the UV range), and phosphor‐based devices demonstrate the effectiveness of treating psoriasis without damaging the skin. Gd3+‐doped calcium magnesium silicate [Ca2MgSi2O7:Gd3+,(CMS:Gd3+)] phosphor is one of the ideal phosphors that emit specific narrow UV wavelengths for curing psoriasis and is in great demand in the field of dermatology. Photoluminescence analysis at room temperature (~25°C) shows that the synthesized CMS:Gd3+ phosphor emits narrowband UV‐B light with a peak intensity at 314 nm. Comparative studies of the standard action spectrum of psoriasis with the emission spectrum of the CMS:Gd3+ phosphor show that the synthesized phosphor was the most suitable material for treating a variety of diseases, including psoriasis, vitiligo, type‐1 diabetes, dental disease, sleep and mood disorders, and other skin diseases.
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of sintilimab plus IBI305 versus sorafenib for unresectable hepatic cell carcinoma in China
Authors: Xu Zhe , Ye Zhuo‐miao , Tang Yu‐kai , Deng Dong‐feng , Zhou Qin , Fang Man , Zhang Ying‐ying , Li Xiang‐ping 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundSintilimab combined with IBI305 treatment regimen had potential clinical benefits than sorafenib in the first‐line treatment of patients with unresectable hepatic cell carcinoma (HCC). However, whether sintilimab plus IBI305 has economic benefits in China remains unclear.MethodsFrom the perspective of Chinese payers, we used the Markov model to simulate patients with HCC receiving treatment with sintilimab plus IBI305 and sorafenib. The transition probability between health states was estimated using the parametric survival model, and the cumulative medical costs and utility of the two treatment methods were estimated. Considering the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICERs) as the evaluation index, sensitivity analyses were performed to explore the impact of uncertainty on the results.ResultsCompared to sorafenib, sintilimab plus IBI305 generated an additional $17552.17 and 0.33 quality‐adjusted life years, resulting in an ICER of $52817.89. The analysis outcomes were most sensitive to the total cost of sintilimab plus IBI305. With a willingness‐to‐pay threshold of $38,334, sintilimab plus IBI305 showed a 1.28% probability of being cost‐effective. The total cost of sintilimab plus IBI305 should be reduced by at least 31.9% to be accepted by Chinese payers.ConclusionsRegardless of whether the price of sintilimab plus IBI305 and sorafenib is covered by Medicare, sintilimab plus IBI305 is unlikely to be cost‐effective for first‐line treatment of patients with unresectable HCC.