bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disturbed functional connectivity and topological properties of the frontal lobe in minimally conscious state based on resting-state fNIRS
Authors: Chen Hui , Miao Guofu , Wang Sirui , Zheng Jun , Zhang Xin , Lin Junbin , Hao Chizi , Huang Hailong , Jiang Ting , Gong Yu , Liao Weijing 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundPatients in minimally conscious state (MCS) exist measurable evidence of consciousness. The frontal lobe is a crucial part of the brain that encodes abstract information and is closely related to the conscious state. We hypothesized that the disturbance of the frontal functional network exists in MCS patients.MethodsWe collected the resting-state functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data of fifteen MCS patients and sixteen age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC). The Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) scale of MCS patients was also composed. The topology of the frontal functional network was analyzed in two groups.ResultsCompared with HC, the MCS patients showed widely disrupted functional connectivity in the frontal lobe, especially in the frontopolar area and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Moreover, the MCS patients displayed lower clustering coefficient, global efficiency, local efficiency, and higher characteristic path length. In addition, the nodal clustering coefficient and nodal local efficiency in the left frontopolar area and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were significantly reduced in MCS patients. Furthermore, the nodal clustering coefficient and nodal local efficiency in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were positively correlated to auditory subscale scores.ConclusionThis study reveals that MCS patients’ frontal functional network is synergistically dysfunctional. And the balance between information separation and integration in the frontal lobe is broken, especially the local information transmission in the prefrontal cortex. These findings help us to understand the pathological mechanism of MCS patients better.
Prognostic significance of preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in surgically resected schwannomas
Authors: Takahara Kento , Tamura Ryota , Kuranari Yuki , Karatsu Kosuke , Akiyama Takenori , Toda Masahiro 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveThe goal of schwannoma resection is to control the tumor while preserving neurological function. Schwannomas have a variable postoperative growth pattern, therefore preoperative prediction of a schwannoma’s growth pattern is favorable. This study aimed to examine the relationship between preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and postoperative recurrence and retreatment in patients with schwannoma.MethodsWe retrospectively examined 124 patients who underwent schwannoma resection in our institution. Associations between preoperative NLR, other patient and tumor characteristics, and tumor recurrence and retreatment were analyzed.ResultsMedian follow-up was 2569.5 days. Postoperative recurrence occurred in 37 patients. Recurrence that required retreatment occurred in 22. Treatment-free survival (TFS) was significantly shorter in patients with NLR ≥2.21 (P = 0.0010). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression showed that NLR and neurofibromatosis type 2 were independent predictors of retreatment (P = 0.0423 and 0.0043, respectively). TFS was significantly shorter in patients with NLR ≥2.21 in the following subgroups: sporadic schwannoma, primary schwannoma, schwannoma ≥30 mm in size, subtotal resection, vestibular schwannoma, and postoperative recurrence.ConclusionsPreoperative NLR ≥2.21 before surgery was significantly associated with retreatment after schwannoma resection. NLR may be a novel predictor of retreatment and assist surgeons in preoperative surgical decision making.
Biosafety, histological alterations and residue depletion of feed administered anti-parasitic drug emamectin benzoate in golden mahseer, Tor putitora (Hamilton, 1822) as a model candidate fish for sport fishery and conservation in temperate waters
Authors: Mallik Sumanta Kumar , Singh Shivam , Shahi Neetu , Patil Prasanna Kumar , Kala Krishna , Pathak Richa , Giri Abhay Kumar , Das Partha , Tandel Ritesh Shantilal , Chandra Suresh , Krishna Nanitha , Ravindran Rajisha , Pandey Pramod Kumar 
Published: February 2023

In the present experiment, the attempt has been made to study the biosafety, toxicity, residue depletion and drug tolerance of graded doses of emamectin benzoate (EB) in juveniles of golden mahseer, Tor putitora as a model candidate fish for sport fishery and conservation in temperate waters through an extended medicated feeding. The graded doses of EB viz., 1× (50 μg/kg fish/day), 2 × (100 μg/kg fish/day), 5 × (250 μg/kg fish/day) and 10 × (500 μg/kg fish/day) were administered to golden mahseer juveniles through medicated diet for 21 days at water temperature of 18.6°C. The higher doses of EB did not cause any mortality during and 30 days after the end of medication period, but considerable variations in feeding and behavior were observed. Severe histological alterations observed after EB-diets (5 × and 10×) were vacuolation, pyknotic nuclei, melanomacrophage centre and necrosis in liver; Bowman’s capsule dilation, degenerated renal tubules in kidney; myofibril disintegration, muscle oedema, splitting of muscle fibres, migration of inflammatory cells in muscle; and abundant goblet cells, dilated lamina propria and disarrangement of mucosa in intestine tissues. The residual concentrations of EB metabolites Emamectin B1a and B1b were analyzed using muscle extracts and were found to be peaked during medication period followed by gradual depletion in post-medication period. The outcome of this study showed that the Emamectin B1a residual concentration in fish muscle in 1×, 2×, 5×, and 10× EB treatment groups were 1.41 ± 0.49, 1.2 ± 0.7, 9.7 ± 3.3, and 37.4 ± 8.2 μg/kg at 30 days of post-medication period, respectively, which falls under the maximum residue limits (MRLs) of 100 μg/kg. The results support the biosafety of EB at recommended dose of 50 μg/kg fish/day for 7 days. As residue of EB is recorded falling within the MRL, no withdrawal period is recommended for golden mahseer.
Effect of short-term exposure to high temperatures on the reproductive behavior and physiological enzyme activities in the fruit fly Zeugodacus tau (Walker)
Authors: Li Mao , Wei Xiao-Man , Li Juan , Wei Shi-Ming , Zhang Jin-Long , Chen Guo-Hua , Zhang Xiao-Ming 
Published: February 2023

Zeugodacus tau is an economically important invasive pest of various vegetables and fruits. In this study, we evaluated the effects of short-term (12 h) exposure to high temperatures on the reproductive behaviors and physiological enzyme activities of adult Z. tau flies. When compared to the control group, the mating rate in the treated group increased significantly after exposure to 34°C and 38°C. After 34°C exposure, the mating rate of the control♀-treated♂ mating was the highest (60.0%). The use of high temperatures for a short period reduced the pre-mating period and lengthened the duration of copulation. After 38°C exposure, the mating between treated♀ and treated♂ had the shortest pre-mating period of 39.0 min and the longest copulation duration of 67.8 min. Mating after a brief exposure to high temperatures had a negative impact on female reproduction, whereas mating with males who previously had a brief exposure to 34°C and 38°C significantly increased female fecundity. After 40 °C exposure, the mating between treated♀ and control♂ showed the lowest fecundity and hatching rate of 293.25 eggs and 25.71%, respectively. The mating between control♀ and treated♂ showed the highest fecundity of 1,016.75 eggs after exposure to 38°C. The SOD, POD, and CAT activities exhibited significant changes (increase or decrease) after the short-term exposure of Z. tau adults to high temperatures. After being exposed to 38°C, SOD activity increased by 2.64 and 2.10 times in females and males in the treated group, respectively, compared to the SOD activity in the control group. The AchE, CarE, and GST activities first increased and then decreased with the increase in temperature. CarE activity changed the most after exposure to 38°C, with females and males in the treated group increasing by 7.81 and 1.69 times, respectively, compared to the activity in the control group. In conclusion, mating strategy and physiological stress are important adaptive mechanisms of Z. tau for adapting to short-term heat stress in a sex-specific manner.
The influence of school inclusive education climate on physical education teachers’ inclusive education competency: The mediating role of teachers’ agency
Authors: Xue Rui , Chai Hongqin , Yao Lei , Fu Wangqian 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionTeachers’ inclusive education competency is the key to the successful implementation of inclusive education. Under the background of China’s vigorous development of inclusive education, the influence mechanism of inclusive education competency of Chinese physical education teachers has not been paid attention to. The present study concentrates on the relationships between school inclusive education climate, physical education teachers’ agency, and inclusive education competency.MethodsData were collected from 286 primary and junior high school physical education teachers through nationwide convenience sampling on the Internet in China by completing the School Inclusive Education Climate Scale, Physical Education Teachers’ Agency Scale, PE Teachers’ Inclusive Education Competency Scale.ResultsResults of structural equation modelling revealed that school inclusive education climate had a significant effect on physical education teachers’ agency. School inclusive education climate had a significant influence on physical education teachers’ inclusive education competency. The mediation effect of physical education teachers’ agency on the relationship between school inclusive education climate and inclusive education competency was significant as well.DiscussionThese results demonstrate that school inclusive education climate plays a direct and indirect role in promoting physical education teachers’ inclusive education competency.
Smoking is a Risk Factor for Generation Z, Too: The Evolution of the Attitudes
Authors: Pavlikova Barbara , Baska Tibor , Freel Lenka , Van Dijk Jitse Pieter 
Published: February 2023

Objectives: Generation Z, defined as “post-millennial,” is considered to be the first generation that could end smoking. The objective is also to take into account the evolutionary aspect of the smoking and attitudes of the Generation Z. The aim of this study was to explore the willingness of Generation Z in Slovakia to comply with the legislation adopted in the field of anti-tobacco policy and to investigate some selected social factors—intention, subjective norm and percevied behavioral control—that contribute to a lower rate of compliance.Methods: Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) data on cigarette smoking among 3,557 adolescents (age range 13–15) in 2016 as well as on attitudes towards tobacco use and control measures were used to explore the level of compliance of adolescents with anti-tobacco regulations in Slovakia within the Framework Convention of Tobacco Control (FCTC). We used the concept of intention as explained in Ajzen’s theory of planned behaviour (1985), focusing on the role of subjective norm and perceived behavioural control.Results: We found a decrease in ever smoking, current smoking and frequent smoking. We found that these adolescents start experimenting with dependence-causing substances, such as tobacco, regardless of existing rules.Conclusion: Adolescents were attracted to smoking, although they were aware of health effects of passive smoking, and a vast majority liked smoke-free places. They are also influenced by their peers and parental models.
Case report: Urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis with trophoblastic differentiation: A rare case report and review of literature
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Wang Jinsui , Zhang Wenwen , Wang Daoying , Wang Xiaojun , Liang Xiaoqin 
Published: February 2023

We report a rare case of urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the renal pelvis with trophoblastic differentiation that occurred in a 55-year-old male patient. The patient presented with gross hematuria and paroxysmal lumbago pain 5 months ago. The enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated a large space occupying lesion in the left kidney and multiple retroperitoneal lymph node enlargements. Histologically, high-grade infiltrating urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) contained giant cells which were positive for beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG). Three weeks after resection, positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET-CT) scan showed multiple nodules of metastasis in the left renal region, extensive systemic muscle, bone, lymph node, liver and bilateral lung metastases. The patient underwent bladder perfusion chemotherapy and gemcitabine combined with cisplatin chemotherapy regimens. This is the eighth documented case of UC of the renal pelvis with trophoblastic differentiation. Due to its rarity and extremely poor prognosis, it is important to clarify the characteristics of the disease and make an accurate and prompt diagnosis.
Genome-Wide Characterization and Analysis of bHLH Transcription Factors Related to Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Cinnamomum camphora (‘Gantong 1’)
Authors: Gong Xue , Shen Tengfei , Li Xiuqi , Lin Hanbin , Chen Caihui , Li Huihu , Wu Zhaoxiang , Liu Qiaoli , Xu Meng , Zhang Bo , Zhong Yongda 
Published: February 2023

Cinnamomum camphora is one of the most commonly used tree species in landscaping. Improving its ornamental traits, particularly bark and leaf colors, is one of the key breeding goals. The basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs) are crucial in controlling anthocyanin biosynthesis in many plants. However, their role in C. camphora remains largely unknown. In this study, we identified 150 bHLH TFs (CcbHLHs) using natural mutant C. camphora ‘Gantong 1’, which has unusual bark and leaf colors. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 150 CcbHLHs were divided into 26 subfamilies which shared similar gene structures and conserved motifs. According to the protein homology analysis, we identified four candidate CcbHLHs that were highly conserved compared to the TT8 protein in A. thaliana. These TFs are potentially involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in C. camphora. RNA-seq analysis revealed specific expression patterns of CcbHLHs in different tissue types. Furthermore, we verified expression patterns of seven CcbHLHs (CcbHLH001, CcbHLH015, CcbHLH017, CcbHLH022, CcbHLH101, CcbHLH118, and CcbHLH134) in various tissue types at different growth stages using qRT-PCR. This study opens a new avenue for subsequent research on anthocyanin biosynthesis regulated by CcbHLH TFs in C. camphora.
Prolonging the Life Span of Membrane in Submerged MBR by the Application of Different Anti-Biofouling Techniques
Authors: Sohail Noman , Riedel Ramona , Dorneanu Bogdan , Arellano-Garcia Harvey 
Published: February 2023

The membrane bioreactor (MBR) is an efficient technology for the treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater for the last two decades. It is a single stage process with smaller footprints and a higher removal efficiency of organic compounds compared with the conventional activated sludge process. However, the major drawback of the MBR is membrane biofouling which decreases the life span of the membrane and automatically increases the operational cost. This review is exploring different anti-biofouling techniques of the state-of-the-art, i.e., quorum quenching (QQ) and model-based approaches. The former is a relatively recent strategy used to mitigate biofouling. It disrupts the cell-to-cell communication of bacteria responsible for biofouling in the sludge. For example, the two strains of bacteria Rhodococcus sp. BH4 and Pseudomonas putida are very effective in the disruption of quorum sensing (QS). Thus, they are recognized as useful QQ bacteria. Furthermore, the model-based anti-fouling strategies are also very promising in preventing biofouling at very early stages of initialization. Nevertheless, biofouling is an extremely complex phenomenon and the influence of various parameters whether physical or biological on its development is not completely understood. Advancing digital technologies, combined with novel Big Data analytics and optimization techniques offer great opportunities for creating intelligent systems that can effectively address the challenges of MBR biofouling.
Plantago Ovata Husk: An Investigation of Raw Aqueous Extracts. Osmotic, Hydrodynamic and Complex Rheological Characterisation
Authors: Kaczmarczyk Kacper , Kruk Joanna , Ptaszek Paweł , Ptaszek Anna 
Published: February 2023

The aim of the study was to characterize raw aqueous extracts from Plantago ovata husk in terms of molecular chain mass, osmotic, hydrodynamic, and rheological properties. The raw extracts used in this study have not been yet investigated in the indicated research area. Determination of the molecular weight of the chains present in the extract was performed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Osmotic properties were characterized using membrane osmometry. Rheological properties were investigated via classical rotational rheology with normal force measurements, as well as less common but equally important measurements of extensional viscosity. Two types of chains with an average molecular mass of 200 and 1780 kDa were found. The values of the first virial coefficient (B2) indicate the predominance of biopolymer-biopolymer interactions. The hydrodynamic radius established at 25 and 30 °C was 74 and 67 nm, respectively, and lower than at 40 °C (>600 nm). The first critical concentration was determined: c*=0.11 g·dL−1. The dominance of negative normal force values resulting from the formation of a pseudo-gel structure of the heteroxylates was demonstrated. Extensional viscosity measurement results revealed that the studied extracts cannot be treated as simple shear-thinning fluids, as indicated by shear flow, but should be considered as viscoelastic fluids.
A New Model Inspired by the Pompeii Worm to Reverse Overheating in Nanosatellites
Authors: Yazıcı Ayşe Meriç , Persson Erik 
Published: February 2023

“Those who are inspired by a model other than Nature, a mistress above all masters, are labouring in vain.”
attributed to Leonardo DaVinci
Nanosatellites are exposed to extreme temperatures on the spacecraft surface, which can reach up to ±100 °C. In this paper, we suggest a novel solution to this challenge by the use of biomimicry. The imitation of the behavior of living creatures in nature is an attempt to understand and synthesize a natural object or phenomenon in an abstract or concrete form. This inspiration from living things in nature can come through the materials, processes, or designs we see around us, and there is no engineering effort involved. In nature, the best example of temperature reversal is the Pompeii worm. The Pompeii worm realizes the conversion of the excess heat it is exposed to into cooling inside a multilayered tube. In this work, inspired by the strategy of the Pompeii worm in reversing overheating, we present a new model for the overheating problem in nanosatellites.
Molecular doping principles in organic electronics: fundamentals and recent progress
Authors: Kim Tae Hoon , Kim Ji Hwan , Kang Keehoon 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMolecular doping of organic semiconductors has been widely utilized to modulate the charge transport characteristics and charge carrier concentration of active materials for organic electronics such as organic photovoltaics, organic light-emitting diodes, and organic field-effect transistors. For the application of molecular doping to organic electronics, the fundamentals of molecular doping should be thoroughly understood in terms of doping mechanism, host and dopant materials, doping methodologies, and post-doping properties such as doping-induced structural/energetic disorder and doping stability. In this report, the fundamental understanding of molecular doping, types of dopants, doping methods, and their practical applications as organic field-effect transistors, organic photovoltaics, and organic thermoelectric are reviewed. Finally, key strategies for efficient molecular doping may exceed the trade-off relation between device performance and structural disorder.
A Reanalysis of the Composition of K2-106b: An Ultra-short-period Super-Mercury Candidate
Authors: Rodríguez Martínez Romy , Gaudi B. Scott , Schulze Joseph G. , Acuña Lorena , Kolecki Jared , Johnson Jennifer A. , Asnodkar Anusha Pai , Boley Kiersten M. , Deleuil Magali , Mousis Olivier , Panero Wendy R. , Wang 王 Ji 吉 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We present a reanalysis of the K2-106 transiting planetary system, with a focus on the composition of K2-106b, an ultra-short-period, super-Mercury candidate. We globally model existing photometric and radial velocity data and derive a planetary mass and radius for K2-106b of M

p
= 8.53 ± 1.02 M
⊕ and

R

p

=

1.71

−
0.057

+
0.069

R

⊕

, which leads to a density of

ρ

p

=

9.4

−
1.5

+
1.6

g cm−3, a significantly lower value than previously reported in the literature. We use planet interior models that assume a two-layer planet comprised of a liquid, pure Fe core and an iron-free, MgSiO3 mantle, and we determine that the range of the core mass fractions are consistent with the observed mass and radius. We use existing high-resolution spectra of the host star to derive the Fe/Mg/Si abundances ([Fe/H] = −0.03 ± 0.01, [Mg/H] = 0.04 ± 0.02, [Si/H] = 0.03 ± 0.06) to infer the composition of K2-106b. We find that K2-106b has a density and core mass fraction (

44

−
15

+
12

%

) consistent with that of Earth (CMF⊕ = 32%). Furthermore, its composition is consistent with what is expected, assuming that it reflects the relative refractory abundances of its host star. K2-106b is therefore unlikely to be a super-Mercury, as has been suggested in previous literature.