bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First-line treatment for driver gene–negative metastatic lung adenocarcinoma with malignant pleural effusion: Should chemotherapy be combined with an immune checkpoint inhibitor or bevacizumab？
Authors: Zhao Yuanyuan , Mei Ting , Na Feifei , Tian Xiaoman , Ao Rui , Long Xiangyu , Luo Qiang , Duan Ping , Zhu Jiang , Wang Yongsheng , Huang Meijuan , Liu Yongmei , Gong Youling 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Introduction:
Patients with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma (MLA) and malignant pleural effusion (MPE) without driver gene mutations have a poor prognosis. None of the standard treatment strategies are recommended for such patients. We retrospectively analyzed the efficacy of the first-line treatment for this specific population: standard platinum-based doublet chemotherapy (CT), CT plus an immune checkpoint inhibitor (CT + ICI) and CT plus antiangiogenic agents (CT + Bev).
Methods
A total of 369 eligible patients were enrolled: CT alone (n = 201), CT + Bev (n = 83), and CT + ICI (n = 85). Treatment efficacy assessments were performed every two cycles according to the RECIST guidelines. The endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Kaplan‒Meier curves and the log-rank test were used to compare OS and PFS. p < 0.05 was the threshold of significance (statistical software: SPSS).
Results
The median follow-up was 11.4 months (range of 2.1–49.6 months). PFS and OS in the CT + ICI/CT + Bev cohort were significantly longer than those in the CT group (PFS: 7.7/7.4/4.6 months, p = 0.001; OS: 18.5/17.8/10.9 months, p < 0.001, respectively). CT + Bev had better PFS and OS than CT + ICI/CT in PD-L1 < 1% patients (PFS: 8.4/4.8/4.8 months, p = 0.029; OS: 15.5/12.9/9.8 months, p = 0.002). Among patients with PD-L1 1–49%, CT + ICI led to a longer PFS and OS (PFS: 8.8/6.4/4.2 months, p = 0.002; OS: 34.1/21.0/11.5 months, p = 0.049). In the cohort with PD-L1 ≥ 50%, CT + ICI was still the best first-line treatment (PFS: 19.9/9.4/8.0 months, p = 0.029; OS: 30.2/15.5/13.0 months, p = 0.034).
Conclusion
In driver gene–negative MLA with MPE, CT + Bev or ICI better controlled MPE and significantly prolonged survival compared to chemotherapy alone. PD-L1 expression (negative/positive) might be a key factor influencing the choice of CT plus Bev or ICI.
Diastolic/systolic blood pressure ratio for predicting febrile children with sepsis and progress to septic shock in the Emergency Department
Authors: Mu Chun-Ting , Lin Ying-Jui , Chen Chih-Ho , Hsia Shao-Hsuan , Lin Jainn-Jim , Chan Oi-Wa , Yen Chen-Wei , Chiu Chun-Che , Chang Han-Pi , Su Ya-Ting , Lee En-Pei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective Given the scarcity of studies analyzing the clinical predictors of pediatric septic cases that would progress to septic shock, this study aimed to determine strong predictors for pediatric emergency department (PED) patients with sepsis at risk for septic shock and mortality.Methods We conducted chart reviews of patients with ≥ 2 age-adjusted quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (qSOFA) criteria to recognize patients with an infectious disease in two tertiary PEDs between January 1, 2021, and April 30, 2022. The primary outcome was meeting the criteria of septic shock within 96 h of PED attendance. The secondary outcome was sepsis-related 28-day mortality. Initial important variables in the PED and hemodynamics with the highest and lowest values during the first 24 h of admission were also analyzed.Results Overall, 417 patients were admitted because of sepsis and met the eligibility criteria for the study. Forty-nine cases progressed to septic shock within 96 h after admission and 368 were discharged without progression. General demographics, laboratory data, and hemodynamics were analyzed by multivariate analysis. Only the minimum diastolic blood pressure/systolic blood pressure ratio (D/S ratio) during the first 24 h after admission remained as an independent predictor of progression to septic shock and 28-day mortality. The best cutoff values of the D/S ratio for predicting septic shock and 28-day mortality were 0.52 and 0.47, respectively.Conclusions The D/S ratio is a practical bedside scoring system in the PED and had improved specificity in detecting septic shock early and predicting in-hospital mortality. Further validation is essential in other settings.
Mendelian Randomization Reveal Causal Relationship Between Periodontitis and Coronary Atherosclerosis
Authors: Li Zhengrui , Wang Qi , Huang Xufeng , Wu Yinteng , Fu Rao , Wen Xutao , Liu JiAn , Chen Yuanguo , Liu Ying , Zhang Ling 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Growing evidence appears to intimate a profound connection between periodontitis and coronary atherosclerosis (CA), yet the existence of a causal relationship remains unclear. Through the implementation of Mendelian randomization analysis, We further evaluated the potential causal link between chronic/acute periodontitis (CP/AP) and CA.
Objectives
Utilizing genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics, we incorporated periodontitis data derived from European samples (n1 = 198,441; n2 = 195,762) and CA data from 61,194 cases. We conducted a two sample, bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method as the main analytical approach. Supplementary analyses were executed through MR Egger, Weighted median (WM), IVW, Simple mode, and Weighted mode approaches.
Results
The IVW analysis revealed no significant causal relationship between CA and periodontitis (CA-CP: OR = 2.110, 95% CI = 1.483–3.003, P = 0.527; CA-AP: OR = 0.414, 95% CI = 0.051–3.384, P = 0.644). Similarly, the bidirectional analysis did not identify impact of periodontitis on CA (OR = 1.000, 95% CI = 0.999–1.001, P = 0.953). The supplementary analyses corroborated these findings.
Conclusions
While studies highlighting a correlation between periodontitis and CA, our comprehensive analysis does not corroborate a causal connection between periodontitis and CA. Further research is needed to elucidate other potential shared mechanisms and causal evidence between periodontitis and CA.
Design of Intelligent Filtering Mechanism using SAF for Industrial Power Quality Perturbations
Authors: R Raja Singh , Shrivastava Riya , Kodnani Jigyasa , R Manikandan , D Shruthi , R Rengaraj 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a smart switching mechanism to optimize and control of industrial shunt active power filters. The aim is to design a low-cost shunt active filter with a reliable switching mechanism that integrates to industrial loads at the point of common coupling. Traditionally, the shunt active power filter is linked to all of the system's loads. The size and capacity of the shunt active filter can be decreased by connecting fewer loads. In industries, some loads don't contribute much to harmonic distortion and maybe overlooked while compensating for it. The smart switching mechanism has been used to categorise necessary loads based on two constraints: individual load THD and shunt active filter peak current at a particular instance. This switching mechanism is implemented using the classification learner application in Matlab. Smart switching connects the appropriate loads to the shunt active power filter automatically. The shunt active filter is optimized using Fuzzy Logic-DC voltage control. The Matlab/ Simulink simulation model was developed to test the effectiveness of the above-mentioned strategy.
Prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus infection, associated risk factors, and relationship with cervical precancerous lesions in perimenopausal and older women in an area with high cervical cancer incidence in China
Authors: Zhang Ruoyi , Kang Dan , Yang Siyuan , Hu Dehua , Bai Li , Nie Yuxian , Xiang Rumei , Zhao Xiaowei , Xu Wei , Shi Qiuling 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Cervical cancer is the fourth most diagnosed cancer globally. Its incidence differs across regions and age groups. Hence, while its incidence is reducing in China, Lueyang County, Shaanxi Province, presents a persistent challenge. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection, its influencing factors, and the incidence of cervical-associated lesions in perimenopausal and elderly women (aged 40–65 years) in Lueyang County, Shaanxi Province, China. Additionally, it explored the association between HR-HPV infection and precancerous lesions.
Materials and Methods
Overall, 2008 women underwent human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping, while 342 underwent cytological examination. The main outcome indicators were the prevalence of HPV and precancerous lesions and predictors of HR-HPV infection.
Results
The prevalence of HR-HPV infection among women aged 40–65 years in Lueyang County was 18.43%. Older women exhibited a higher incidence of HPV infection, abnormal ThinPrep Pap Test (TBS) results, and low/high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL/HSIL) (P < 0.05). The most prevalent HR-HPV genotypes in the overall, perimenopausal, and elderly groups were HPV-52, -53, and − 58; HPV-52, -53, and − 16; and HPV-58, -52, and − 53, respectively. The prevalent HR-HPV genotypes in the abnormal TBS results were HPV-16, -52, -33, -58; -16, -52, -58; and-16, -33, and − 52. HPV-16, -18, -33 prevalence increased with increasing lesion severity (P < 0.05). Independent factors influencing HR-HPV were associated with sexual behavior and education level.
Conclusions
These findings suggest that the elevated rate of abnormal TBS in the older age group may be attributed to the higher prevalence of persistent infection-prone HR-HPV genotypes (HPV-58, -52, and-53), multiple infections, and potent oncogenic HR-HPV genotypes (HPV − 16 and − 33). Additionally, the higher HR-HPV prevalence in older patients may be related to lower education attainment, reduced screening rate, and limited condom usage. Therefore, strategies targeting perimenopausal and older women should prioritize enhancing health awareness, increasing screening rates, and encouraging condom utilization.
Racial discrimination and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander suicide mortality rates in Queensland
Authors: Gibson Mandy , Kõlves Kairi , Ward Raelene , Leske Stuart , Rachow Amanda 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective: The study aimed to examine the associations of experiences of racial discrimination within communities with suicide mortality rates for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.
Methods: Age‐standardised suicide rates (ASRs) were calculated using suicides recorded by the Queensland Suicide Register (QSR) of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Queensland from 2001–2015. Rate Ratios (RRs) were used to compare ASRs in areas with high and low levels of reported discrimination, and other comparative community-level risk and protective factors (remoteness, socio-economic resources, and Indigenous language use).
Results: The age-standardised suicide rate was 31.74 deaths per 100 000 persons/year for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. ASRs were significantly in areas where more of the First Nations residents experienced recent discrimination (RR=1.33; 95%CI=1.05–1.70, p=0.02), and the age-specific suicide rate was significantly higher for those aged 25-34 in areas with more discrimination (RR=1.67; 95%CI=1.04–2.74, p=0.03). By comparison, the ASRs were not significantly higher in areas with regional and remote communities (RR=1.10, CI 95%=0.75–1.61, p=0.6), or areas with lower socioeconomic resources (RR=0.86, 95%CI=0.66–1.13, p=0.28). Areas in which more First Nations residents spoke Indigenous languages had significantly lower ASRs (RR=1.51; CI95%=1.08–2.10, p=0.02).
Conclusion: Suicide mortality rates for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Queensland were influenced by experiences of racial discrimination within communities, with greater associations reported than with socio-economic resources or remoteness. The findings reflect the public health risk of discrimination and provide evidence for enacting strategies to reduce institutional and personal discrimination to reduce suicide.
DeVi Deep Learning Framework for Misogyny Identification in Multimodal Data
Authors: Singh Nitin Kumar , Das Prativa , Manderna Ankit , Chand Satish 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In recent times, there has been a notable upsurge in the frequency of memes across a wide range of social media platforms. Memes provide amusement to people with their humour, but unfortunately, some memes exploit this humour as a cover to spread misogynistic and hateful content targeting women on online platforms. Most of the previously proposed methods for detecting misogyny have primarily concentrated on either textual or visual content. However, there is a noticeable dearth of research on analysing multimodal data that combines both images and text. We propose a DeVi framework comprising DeBERTa and Vision Transformer with an attention-based late fusion strategy for automatic misogyny identification in memes. We evaluated the proposed framework on two different subtasks provided in SemEval-2022 task 5 on the MAMI dataset. Subtask A is a misogynous meme identification task, and subtask B is to identify the type of misogyny, which is a multilabel classification task. The proposed framework achieved an F1-score of 0.865 and 0.783 on subtask A and B, respectively. The experimental findings clearly illustrate that the DeVi framework we propose outperforms existing multimodal models in both subtasks, showcasing its superior performance. This highlights the effectiveness and adaptability of the DeVi framework.
Dynamin-dependent entry of Chlamydia trachomatis is sequentially regulated by the effectors TarP and TmeA
Authors: Carabeo Rey , Romero Matthew 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Chlamydia invasion of epithelial cells is a pathogen-driven process involving two functionally distinct effectors – TarP and TmeA. They collaborate to promote robust actin dynamics at sites of entry. Here, we extend studies on the molecular mechanism of invasion by implicating the host GTPase dynamin 2 (Dyn2) in the completion of pathogen uptake. Importantly, Dyn2 function is modulated by TarP and TmeA at the levels of recruitment and activation through oligomerization, respectively. TarP-dependent recruitment requires phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and the small GTPase Rac1, while TmeA has a post-recruitment role related to Dyn2 oligomerization. This is based on the rescue of invasion duration and efficiency in the absence of TmeA by the Dyn2 oligomer-stabilizing small molecule activator Ryngo 1-23. Notably, Dyn2 also regulated turnover of TarP- and TmeA-associated actin networks, with disrupted Dyn2 function resulting in aberrant turnover dynamics, thus establishing the interdependent functional relationship between Dyn2 and the effectors TarP and TmeA.
Generalized group elements and their orders
Authors: Chen Huanyin , Sheibani Marjan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we present reverse order of generalized group inverse in a proper Banach algebra. We characterize generalized group elements and determine when an element and its generalized group inverse commute each other. The properties of the generalized group orders are investigated. As applications, new properties of the core-EP order of two complex matrices and Hilbert space operators are thereby extended to wider cases.
2020 Mathematics Subject Classification. 15A09, 16U99, 46H05.
Microwave radiothermometry of knee joints in girls in pre- and pubertal periods
Authors: Tarakanov A. V. , Lebedenko A. A. , Ladanova E. S. , Tarakanova T. D. , Skorodumova E. G. , Yatsuk A. N. 
Published: September 2023

Objective: to study the deep and skin temperatures of the knee joint by microwave radiothermometry (RTM) in healthy girls of comparable age in the pre- and pubertal periods. Materials and methods: the study was carried out in the "Problem Scientific Laboratory of Physical Methods of Diagnosis and Treatment" of Rostov State Medical University and the children's health camp "Mir" (Krasny Desant village, Rostov region). It was 45 girls aged 12 years, taking into account gender development, divided into two groups: 1st gr. (n=28) — prepubertal period; 2nd gr. (n =17) — puberty. RTM of the knee joints was performed according to a certain scheme using the MWR2020 system (ex RTM-01-RES) (Moscow, Great Britain). Results: in the groups, the color fields of deep and skin temperature, when compared, are characterized by a slight geometric and color transformation are similar to each other; the lowest temperature is noted in the projection of the patella. Temperature fields of thermoasymmetry make it possible to reveal temperature differences in groups of subjects. In the 2-nd group, there are also higher growth and weight indicators, lower deep and skin temperature in almost all areas of the knee joint, fluctuations reach 0.4 –1.4 ° C. Conclusion: a decrease in temperature in the knee joints in pubertal girls with a relatively mature menstrual cycle reflects general changes in hormonal regulation in this period of development. When forming the temperature indicators of healthy girls, it is necessary to take into account the hormonal processes of puberty with division into groups of pre- and pubertal periods of development.
Development, Reliability, and Structural Validity of the Scale for Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice in Ethics Implementation Among AI Researchers: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Zhang Xiaobo , Gu Ying , Yin Jie , Zhang Yuejie , Jin Cheng , Wang Weibing , Li Albert Martin , Wang Yingwen , Su Ling , Xu Hong , Ge Xiaoling , Ye Chengjie , Tang Liangfeng , Shen Bing , Fang Jinwu , Wang Daoyang , Feng Rui 
Published: September 2023

Background
Medical artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly contributed to decision support for disease screening, diagnosis, and management. With the growing number of medical AI developments and applications, incorporating ethics is considered essential to avoiding harm and ensuring broad benefits in the lifecycle of medical AI. One of the premises for effectively implementing ethics in Medical AI research necessitates researchers' comprehensive knowledge, enthusiastic attitude, and practical experience. However, there is currently a lack of an available instrument to measure these aspects.

Objective
The aim of this study was to develop a comprehensive scale for measuring the knowledge, attitude, and practice of ethics implementation among medical AI researchers, and to evaluate its measurement properties.

Methods
The construct of the Knowledge-Attitude-Practice in Ethics Implementation (KAP-EI) scale was based on the Knowledge-Attitude-Practice (KAP) model, and the evaluation of its measurement properties was in compliance with the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) reporting guidelines for studies on measurement instruments. The study was conducted in 2 phases. The first phase involved scale development through a systematic literature review, qualitative interviews, and item analysis based on a cross-sectional survey. The second phase involved evaluation of structural validity and reliability through another cross-sectional study.

Results
The KAP-EI scale had 3 dimensions including knowledge (10 items), attitude (6 items), and practice (7 items). The Cronbach α for the whole scale reached .934. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the goodness-of-fit indices of the scale were satisfactory (χ2/df ratio:=2.338, comparative fit index=0.949, Tucker Lewis index=0.941, root-mean-square error of approximation=0.064, and standardized root-mean-square residual=0.052).

Conclusions
The results show that the scale has good reliability and structural validity; hence, it could be considered an effective instrument. This is the first instrument developed for this purpose.
Exploring the Knowledge and Practices of Adverse Drug Reaction and Falsified Medicine Reporting Amongst the Community Pharmacists of India
Authors: Kaj Kanhai Hiren 
Published: September 2023

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and falsified medicines (FMs) pose significant threat to patient safety and public health. Understanding the knowledge, experiences, and perspectives of community pharmacists in India regarding ADRs and FMs is crucial for effective intervention and prevention strategies.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, experiences, and perspectives of community pharmacists in India regarding ADRs and FMs. It sought to gather information on pharmacists' familiarity with the threats posed by ADRs and FMs, their understanding of relevant legislation, their personal encounters with ADRs and FMs, and their views on the distribution of FMs and the adequacy of existing legislation.
Method: A survey was conducted among community pharmacists in India, and data were collected using a questionnaire. The survey included questions related to knowledge, experiences, and perspectives on ADRs and FMs. The responses were analysed to identify trends and key findings.
Results: The analysis revealed that a significant majority of pharmacists demonstrated a fundamental understanding of ADRs and FMs. However, a relatively low percentage reported encountering ADRs as well as FMs in their practice, with an equally low proportion reporting these incidents to the appropriate authorities Majority of pharmacists believed that they plan an important role in reporting of ADRs but only half of the pharmacists’ surveyed things that they plan an important role in tackling the issue of FMs.
Conclusion: The research highlights that community pharmacists in India have a good understanding of Pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting, although knowledge of Indian legislation needs improvement. Pharmacists demonstrate a positive attitude towards ADR reporting and promptly report encountered ADRs and FMs. Patient education, convenience of the reporting system, and strengthening FM legislation are areas that require attention. Major sources of FM distribution are online pharmacies and street hawkers. These findings contribute to enhancing pharmacovigilance practices and addressing FM distribution in India.
Phytopharmaceuticals Regulatory requirements and licensing process
Authors: Prajapati Pooja , Pathan Asmatbanu , Prajapati Denish 
Published: September 2023

Since the ancient period, people have used herbal treatments for a wide variety of medical issues. In developing countries, most people utilize herbal remedies to cure a variety of diseases. India, the nation that produces the most medicinal plants, is referred to as the botanical garden of the world. Indian drug regulators are focused on quality in order to uphold the standards for herbal remedies, but manufacturers are struggling to satisfy the higher standards. There are difficulties with standardization, finished formulations, and industry-wide evidence-based practices for AYUSH medicines in India. Phytopharmaceuticals, a modern subclass of medications, contain an enriched fraction with at least four distinct chemical markers with one biomarker. The Central Drugs Standards Control Organization (CDSCO) oversees Phytopharmaceuticals. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has released a Gazette Notification GSR 918(E)-Schedule Y, Appendix I(B) regarding Phytopharmaceuticals. This new rule is anticipated to encourage new medication discoveries and evolution using botanicals in a scientific manner and would aid in the modern medical profession's acceptance of Phytopharmaceuticals as a significant alternative to allopathic modern medicine. Phytopharmaceuticals are a well-balanced approach that believes in everything but places emphasis on the revalidation of the plant material's specification, in contrast to conventional pharmaceuticals that suspect everything and AYUSH medicines that trust everything. The purpose of this article is to give specific detail and compiled knowledge about Phytopharmaceutical medicines, regulatory requirements, and regulatory processes.