bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bertalign: Improved word embedding-based sentence alignment for Chinese–English parallel corpora of literary texts
Authors: Liu Lei , Zhu Min 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Bertalign is designed to improve sentence alignment accuracy for Chinese–English parallel corpora of literary texts. Aligning bilingual literary texts is not trivial, since most of the translation is interpretative and not based on 1-to-1 mappings between source and target sentences. Existing alignment methods highlight 1-to-1 links while having difficulty coping with 1-to-many and many-to-many alignments that are common in literary texts. To overcome the weaknesses of current approaches, we propose a novel two-step algorithm for bilingual sentence alignment. The first step finds the optimal paths for 1-to-1 alignments based on the top-k most semantically similar target sentences for each source sentence using the bidirectional encoder representations from transformer-based cross-lingual word embeddings. The second step relies on search paths found in the previous step to recover all valid alignments with more than one sentence on each side of the bilingual text. A comprehensive experiment was conducted on a newly built Chinese–English literary parallel corpus and a large-scale publicly available bilingual corpus of the Bible to compare the performance of Bertalign with five baseline systems: Gale-Church, Hunalign, Bleualign, Bleurtalign, and Vecalign. The results show that Bertalign achieves the highest accuracy in terms of F1 score on the two evaluation datasets than previous methods.
Stylometric analysis of characters in Shakespeare’s plays
Authors: Savoy Jacques 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Playwrights and screenwriters compose dialogues with characters from both genders. Assuming that men and women speak or write differently, can a great author take account of this difference? Previous studies have ascertained some stylistic markers that can discriminate between men and women either in writing or oral productions. The main aim of this study is to verify whether in Shakespeare’s plays female figures are talking in a distinct way compared with male ones. First, this study confirms the effectiveness of a set of predefined stylistic features using a tweet dataset extracted from CLEF-PAN corpora. Second, we demonstrate that the two genders present distinct styles when analyzing twenty-nine of Shakespeare’s plays, demonstrating that the author adopts a distinct style for each gender. Our experiments are grounded on two efficient classifiers (logistic regression and random forest) able to automatically identify short passages (500 or 1,000 word-tokens) corresponding to either a male or a female utterance with an accuracy of around 80%.
Long-term Small Population Size, Deleterious Variation, and Altitude Adaptation in the Ethiopian Wolf, a Severely Endangered Canid
Authors: Mooney Jazlyn A , Marsden Clare D , Yohannes Abigail , Wayne Robert K , Lohmueller Kirk E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Ethiopian wolves, a canid species endemic to the Ethiopian Highlands, have been steadily declining in numbers for decades. Currently, out of 35 extant species, it is now one of the world's most endangered canids. Most conservation efforts have focused on preventing disease, monitoring movements and behavior, and assessing the geographic ranges of sub-populations. Here, we add an essential layer by determining the Ethiopian wolf's demographic and evolutionary history using high-coverage (∼40×) whole-genome sequencing from 10 Ethiopian wolves from the Bale Mountains. We observe exceptionally low diversity and enrichment of weakly deleterious variants in the Ethiopian wolves in comparison with two North American gray wolf populations and four dog breeds. These patterns are consequences of long-term small population size, rather than recent inbreeding. We infer the demographic history of the Ethiopian wolf and find it to be concordant with historic records and previous genetic analyses, suggesting Ethiopian wolves experienced a series of both ancient and recent bottlenecks, resulting in a census population size of fewer than 500 individuals and an estimated effective population size of approximately 100 individuals. Additionally, long-term small population size may have limited the accumulation of strongly deleterious recessive mutations. Finally, as the Ethiopian wolves have inhabited high-altitude areas for thousands of years, we searched for evidence of high-altitude adaptation, finding evidence of positive selection at a transcription factor in a hypoxia-response pathway [CREB-binding protein (CREBBP)]. Our findings are pertinent to continuing conservation efforts and understanding how demography influences the persistence of deleterious variation in small populations.
PerformingNormal: Restless Reflections on Music’s Dis/Abling Potential
Authors: Bruce Cynthia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis analysis aims to bring disability issues and the realities of systemic ableism to the center of discourse and action related to music therapy and social justice. An account of my evolving understanding of how ableism shaped my relationship with music draws attention to the importance of understanding the subtle yet palpable ways that ableism can invade even the most positive aspects of disabled peoples’ lives and, therefore, contribute in disturbing ways to the perpetuation of normalcy as the human ideal. I begin by providing some essential context to center my activist disability identity and the struggle that underpins the current analysis. I then engage with the performance of normal and explore my discovery of disability as possibility—a discovery that ultimately made space for significant transformation. An explanation of critical disability studies and ableism as important transformative influences follows, and I conclude by articulating some possible implications for music therapy education and training, research, and practice.
Age-related changes in the ratio of Type I/III collagen and fibril diameter in mouse skin
Authors: Gao Jianping , Guo Zhenhu , Zhang Yang , Liu Yuying , Xing Fangyu , Wang Junjie , Luo Xi , Kong Yingjun , Zhang Guifeng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The content of type I collagen (COL-I) and type III collagen (COL-III) and the ratio between them not only affect the skin elasticity and mechanical strength, but also determine the fibril diameter. In this research, we investigated the age-related changes in COL-I/COL-III ratio with their formed fibril diameter. The experimental result was obtained from high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometer, hydroxyproline determination, picrosirius red staining and transmission electron microscopes (TEM), respectively. The result indicated that the COL-I/COL-III ratio in mouse skin increased with aging. From the 0th to 9th week, the COL-I/COLIII ratio increased from 1.3:1 to 4.5:1. From the 9th to the 18th week, it remained between 4.5:1 and 4.9:1. The total content of COL-I and COL-III firstly increased and then decreased with aging. The TEM result showed that the fibril diameter increased with aging. From the 0th to 9th week, the average fibril diameter increased from 40 to 112 nm; From the 9th to 18th weeks, it increased from 112 to 140 nm. After the 9th week. The fibril diameter showed obvious uneven distribution. Thus, the COL-I/COLIII ratio was proportional to the fibril diameter, but inversely proportional to the uniformity of fibril diameter.
Association between insomnia phenotypes and subclinical myocardial injury: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Sigurdardottir Fjola D , Bertisch Suzanne M , Reid Michelle L , deFilippi Christopher R , Lima Joao A C , Redline Susan , Omland Torbjørn 
Published: December 2022

AbstractStudy ObjectivesTo assess whether the association between insomnia and subclinical myocardial injury, as measured by cardiac troponin T (cTnT), differs across insomnia phenotypes.MethodsWe measured cTnT in 2188 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis study who had completed sleep questionnaires and undergone unattended polysomnography (PSG) and 7-day actigraphy. Insomnia symptoms were defined as reporting at least one of the following ≥5 nights/week over the past 4 weeks: trouble falling asleep, waking up several times a night, having trouble getting back to sleep after waking up too early, or taking sleeping pills to help falling asleep. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was defined as an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI &gt;15 events/h). Participants were classified into insomnia phenotypes, including comorbid insomnia and OSA (COMISA) and insomnia associated with actigraphy-estimated short sleep (&lt;6 h) or sleep fragmentation.ResultsThe mean age was 68.8 (SD 9.2) years, 53.6% were male. In total, 47.8% met threshold levels for insomnia symptoms, and 43.1% had an AHI &gt;15. In adjusted linear regression models COMISA (β 0.08 [standard error (SE) 0.03], p &lt; .01) and insomnia with short sleep duration (β 0.07 [SE 0.03], p &lt; .05) were each associated with higher cTnT compared to a reference group with no insomnia. Insomnia with fragmented sleep (β 0.03 [SE 0.02]) was not associated with higher cTnT (p &gt; .05) in adjusted analyses. OSA was associated with higher cTnT (β 0.09 [SE 0.03], p &lt; .01) in adjusted models.ConclusionsCOMISA and insomnia with short sleep duration, but not insomnia symptoms alone or fragmented sleep, were associated with increased circulating cTnT in older adults.
“Diversity Within”: The Problems with “Intersectional” White Feminism in Practice
Authors: Christoffersen Ashlee , Emejulu Akwugo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In intersectionality studies, debates about the additive versus constitutive nature of intersectionality are long-established. This article attempts to intervene in these conversations by examining how additive, “diversity within” intersectionality works in practice. Across feminist academia, advocacy, and policymaking, there is a widely held perception that among the nongovernmental organizations constituted around identity-based inequalities (feminist, racial justice, migrants, disability, and LGBTQI+ rights), it is the feminist sector that best advocates for and attempts to practice intersectionality. This is related to the appropriation of Black feminist theories of intersectionality which emerged from grassroots activism and Critical Race scholarship as “feminist” theory, wherein feminist is always-already constructed as white. Drawing on empirical research with equality organizations working with disabled women and trans women in England and Scotland, this article suggests that the opposite is true: the additive intersectionality practiced by the white-led feminist sector serves to uphold white supremacy and other structural inequalities.
Sugar concentrations and expression of SUTs suggest active phloem loading in tall trees of Fagus sylvatica and Quercus robur
Authors: Miehe Wiebke , Czempik Laura , Klebl Franz , Lohaus Gertrud 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Phloem loading and sugar distribution are key steps for carbon partitioning in herbaceous and woody species. Although the phloem loading mechanisms in herbs are well studied, less is known for trees. It was shown for saplings of Fagus sylvatica L. and Quercus robur L. that the sucrose concentration in the phloem sap was higher than in the mesophyll cells, which suggests that phloem loading of sucrose involves active steps. However, the question remains whether this also applies for tall trees. To approach this question, tissue-specific sugar and starch contents of small and tall trees of F. sylvatica and Q. robur as well as the sugar concentration in the subcellular compartments of mesophyll cells were examined. Moreover, sucrose uptake transporters (SUTs) were analyzed by heterology expression in yeast and the tissue-specific expressions of SUTs were investigated.
Sugar content in leaves of the canopy (11 and 26 m height) was up to 25% higher compared with that of leaves of small trees of F. sylvatica and Q. robur (2 m height). The sucrose concentration in the cytosol of mesophyll cells from tall trees was between 120 and 240 mM and about 4- to 8-fold lower than the sucrose concentration in the phloem sap of saplings.
The analyzed SUT sequences of both tree species cluster into three types, similar to SUTs from other plant species. Heterologous expression in yeast confirmed that all analyzed SUTs are functional sucrose transporters. Moreover, all SUTs were expressed in leaves, bark and wood of the canopy and the expression levels in small and tall trees were similar.
The results show that the phloem loading in leaves of tall trees of F. sylvatica and Q. robur probably involves active steps, because there is an uphill concentration gradient for sucrose. SUTs may be involved in phloem loading.
A global spatial analysis of factors associated with case and mortality rates for coronavirus disease 2019 during the first year of the pandemic
Authors: Chen Hsiang-Yeh , Lee Johnny Kuang-Wu , Lee Charles Tzu-Chi , Liu Chin-Mei 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
A increasing number of studies have revealed associations between country-level determinants and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes. This ecological study was conducted to analyze country-level parameters related to COVID-19 infections and deaths during the first year of the pandemic.

Methods
The examined predictors comprised demographics, economic factors, disease prevalence and healthcare system status, and the relevant data were obtained from public databases. The index dates were set to 15 July 2020 (Time 1) and 15 December 2020 (Time 2). The adjusted spatial autoregression models used a first-order queen contiguity spatial weight for the main analysis and a second-order queen contiguity spatial weight for a sensitivity analysis to examine the predictors associated with COVID-19 case and mortality rates.

Results
Obesity was significantly and positively associated with COVID-19 case and mortality rates in both the main and sensitivity analyses. The sensitivity analysis revealed that a country's gross domestic product, population density, life expectancy and proportion of the population older than 65 y are positively associated with COVID-19 case and mortality rates.

Conclusions
With the increasing global prevalence of obesity, the relationship between obesity and COVID-19 disease at the country level must be clarified and continually monitored.
Vertebrate origins are informed by larval lampreys (ammocoetes): a response to Miyashitaet al., 2021
Authors: Mallatt Jon 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper addresses a recent claim by Miyashita and co-authors that the filter-feeding larval lamprey is a new evolutionary addition to the lamprey life-cycle and does not provide information about early vertebrates, in contrast to the traditional view that this ammocoete stage resembles the first vertebrates. The evidence behind this revolutionary claim comes from fossil lampreys from 360–306 Mya that include young stages – even yolk-sac hatchlings – with adult (predacious) feeding structures. However, the traditional view is not so easily dismissed. The phylogeny on which the non-ammocoete theory is based was not tested in a statistically meaningful way. Additionally, the target article did not consider the known evidence for the traditional view, namely that the complex filter-feeding structures are highly similar in ammocoetes and the invertebrate chordates, amphioxus and tunicates. In further support of the traditional view, I show that ammocoetes are helpful for reconstructing the first vertebrates and the jawless, fossil stem gnathostomes called ostracoderms – their pharynx, oral cavity, mouth opening, lips and filter-feeding mode (but, ironically, not their mandibular/jaw region). From these considerations, I offer a scenario for the evolution of vertebrate life-cycles that fits the traditional, ammocoete-informed theory and puts filter feeding at centre stage.
The Environmental Impact of Spine Surgery and the Path to Sustainability
Authors: McNamee Conor , Rakovac Ana , Cawley Derek T. 
Published: December 2022

Study Design.
Narrative literature review.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to review published literature discussing sustainable health care and to identify aspects that pertain to spine surgery.

Summary of Background Data.
In recent years, research has investigated the contribution of surgical specialties to climate change. To our knowledge, no article has yet been published discussing the impact specific to spinal procedures and possible mitigation strategies.

Methods.
A literature search was performed for the present study on relevant terms across four electronic databases. References of included studies were also investigated.

Results.
Spine surgery has a growing environmental impact. Investigations of analogous specialties find that procurement is the single largest source of emissions. Carbon-conscious procurement strategies will be needed to mitigate this fully, but clinicians can best reduce their impact by adopting a minimalist approach when using surgical items. Reduced wastage of disposable goods and increased recycling are beneficial. Technology can aid remote access to clinicians, and also enable patient education.

Conclusions.
Spine-surgery–specific research is warranted to evaluate its carbon footprint. A broad range of measures is recommended from preventative medicine to preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative spine care.

Level of Evidence.
5.
Changing roles of CD3+CD8low T cells in combating HIV-1 infection
Authors: Zhang Xin , Wang Xiuwen , Qin Ling , Lu Xiaofan , Liu Zhiying , Li Zhen , Yuan Lin , Wang Rui , Jin Junyan , Ma Zhenglai , Wu Hao , Zhang Yonghong , Zhang Tong , Su Bin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background:
Cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8 T) cells play critical roles in eradicating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection, but little is known about the effects of T cells expressing CD8 at low levels (CD8low) or high levels (CD8high) on HIV-1 replication inhibition after HIV-1 invasion into individual.

Methods:
Nineteen patients who had been acutely infected with HIV-1 (AHI) and 20 patients with chronic infection (CHI) for ≥2 years were enrolled in this study to investigate the dynamics of the quantity, activation, and immune responses of CD3+CD8low T cells and their counterpart CD3+CD8high T cells at different stages of HIV-1 infection.

Results:
Compared with healthy donors, CD3+CD8low T cells expanded in HIV-1-infected individuals at different stages of infection. As HIV-1 infection progressed, CD3+CD8low T cells gradually decreased. Simultaneously, CD3+CD8high T cells was significantly reduced in the first month of AHI and then increased gradually as HIV-1 infection progressed. The classical activation of CD3+CD8low T cells was highest in the first month of AHI and then reduced as HIV-1 infection progressed and entered the chronic stage. Meanwhile, activated CD38−HLA-DR+CD8low T cells did not increase in the first month of AHI, and the number of these cells was inversely associated with viral load (r = −0.664, P = 0.004) but positively associated with the CD4 T-cell count (r = 0.586, P = 0.014). Increased programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) abundance on CD3+CD8low T cells was observed from the 1st month of AHI but did not continue to be enhanced, while a significant T cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM) domains (TIGIT) abundance increase was observed in the 12th month of infection. Furthermore, increased PD-1 and TIGIT abundance on CD3+CD8low T cells was associated with a low CD4 T-cell count (PD-1: r = −0.456, P = 0.043; TIGIT: r = −0.488, P = 0.029) in CHI. Nonetheless, the nonincrease in PD-1 expression on classically activated CD3+CD8low T cells was inversely associated with HIV-1 viremia in the first month of AHI (r = −0.578, P = 0.015). Notably, in the first month of AHI, few CD3+CD8low T cells, but comparable amounts of CD3+CD8high T cells, responded to Gag peptides. Then, weaker HIV-1-specific T-cell responses were induced in CD3+CD8low T cells than CD3+CD8high T cells at the 3rd and 12th months of AHI and in CHI.

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that CD3+CD8low T cells play an anti-HIV role in the first month of infection due to their abundance but induce a weak HIV-1-specific immune response. Subsequently, CD3+CD8low T-cell number decreased gradually as infection persisted, and their anti-HIV functions were inferior to those of CD3+CD8high T cells.
Effect and safety of anaprazole in the treatment of duodenal ulcers: a randomized, rabeprazole-controlled, phase III non-inferiority study
Authors: Zhu Huiyun , Pan Xue , Zhang Li , Sun Hongxin , Fan Huizhen , Pan Zhongwei , Huang Caibin , Shi Zhenwang , Ding Jin , Wang Qi , Du Yiqi , Lyu Nonghua , Li Zhaoshen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background:
The pharmacokinetic and clinical behaviors of many proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in peptic ulcer treatment are altered by CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms. This non-inferiority study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the novel PPI anaprazole compared with rabeprazole. We also explored the influence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection status and CYP2C19 polymorphism on anaprazole.

Methods:
In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, positive-drug parallel-controlled, phase III study, Chinese patients with duodenal ulcers were randomized 1:1 to receive rabeprazole 10 mg + anaprazole placebo or rabeprazole placebo + anaprazole 20 mg once daily for 4 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was the 4-week ulcer healing rate assessed by blinded independent review. Secondary endpoints were the proportion of patients with improved overall and individual duodenal ulcer symptoms at 4 weeks. Furthermore, exploratory subgroup analysis of the primary endpoint by H. pylori status and CYP2C19 polymorphism was conducted. Adverse events were monitored for safety. Non-inferiority analysis was conducted for the primary endpoint.

Results:
The study enrolled 448 patients (anaprazole, n = 225; rabeprazole, n = 223). The 4-week healing rates were 90.9% and 93.7% for anaprazole and rabeprazole, respectively (difference, −2.8% [95% confidence interval, −7.7%, 2.2%]), demonstrating non-inferiority of anaprazole to rabeprazole. Overall duodenal ulcer symptoms improved in 90.9% and 92.5% of patients, respectively. Improvement rates of individual symptoms were similar between the groups. Healing rates did not significantly differ by H. pylori status or CYP2C19 genotype for either treatment group. The incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events was similar for anaprazole (72/220, 32.7%) and rabeprazole (84/219, 38.4%).

Conclusions:
The efficacy of anaprazole is non-inferior to that of rabeprazole in Chinese patients with duodenal ulcers.

Registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04215653.
Infusion port site tumor seeding after Pars Plana Vitrectomy-assisted Biopsy of Choroidal Melanoma
Authors: Azarcon Corrina P. , Williams Parker J. , Grossniklaus Hans E. , Bergstrom Chris , Wells Jill R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
To report a rare case of infusion port site tumor seeding of choroidal melanoma after pars plana vitrectomy-assisted biopsy and successful treatment with second plaque brachytherapy.

Methods:
Observational case report with clinical data and diagnostic images.

Results:
A 55-year-old Caucasian woman diagnosed with choroidal melanoma of the left eye was found to have a second intraocular tumor thirty months after plaque brachytherapy and pars plana vitrectomy-assisted tumor biopsy. The second melanoma developed at the 5 o’clock vitrectomy infusion port site. The tumor regressed after plaque brachytherapy and the patient has not developed systemic metastasis five years after diagnosis of intraocular seeding.

Conclusion:
Intraocular seeding into the infusion port site, although rare, may be encountered after pars plana vitrectomy-assisted biopsy of choroidal melanoma.