bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lateral Erosion of Bedrock Channel Banks by Bedload and Suspended Load
Authors: Li Tingan , Venditti Jeremy G. , Sklar Leonard S. , Lamb Michael P. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBedrock rivers carry large amounts of fine sediment in suspension. We developed a mechanistic model for erosion of bedrock channel banks by impacting bedload and suspended load particles that are advected laterally by turbulent eddies (advection‐abrasion model). The model predicts high lateral erosion rates near the bed, with rates decreasing up to the water surface. The model also predicts greater erosion within the suspended load layer than the bedload layer for many typical sediment supply and transport conditions explored. We compared the advection‐abrasion model with a previously derived model for lateral erosion of bedrock banks by bedload particles deflected by stationary bed alluvium (deflection‐abrasion model). Erosion rates predicted by the deflection‐abrasion model are lower, except within limited conditions where sediment is transported near the threshold of motion and the bed is near fully covered in sediment. Both processes occur in bedrock rivers at the same time, so we combined the advection‐abrasion and deflection‐abrasion models and found that the lateral erosion rate generally increases with increasing transport stage and relative sediment supply for a given grain size. Application of our combined‐abrasion model to a natural bedrock river with a wide distribution of discharge and supply events, and mixed grain sizes, indicates that finer sediment dominates the lateral erosion on channel banks in low sediment supply environments and can be as important as coarser sediment in high sediment supply environments.
Toward a Realistic Representation of Sucrose Transport in the Phloem of Plants
Authors: Nakad Mazen , Domec Jean‐Christophe , Sevanto Sanna , Katul Gabriel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe significance of phloem hydrodynamics to plant mortality and survival, which impacts ecosystem‐scale carbon and water cycling, is not in dispute. The phloem provides the conduits for products of photosynthesis to be transported to different parts of the plant for consumption or storage. The Mnch pressure flow hypothesis (PFH) is the leading framework to mathematically represent this transport. It assumes that osmosis provides the necessary pressure differences to drive water and sucrose within the phloem. Mathematical models utilizing the PFH approximate the phloem by a relatively rigid slender semi‐permeable tube. However, the phloem consists of living cells that contract and expand in response to pressure fluctuations. The effect of membrane elasticity on osmotically driven sucrose front speed has rarely been considered and frames the scope here. Laboratory experiments were conducted to elucidate the elastic‐to‐plastic pressure‐deformation relation in membranes and their effect on sucrose front speeds. It is demonstrated that membrane elasticity acts to retard the sucrose front speed. The retardation emerges because of two effects: (a) part of the osmotic pressure is diverted to perform mechanical work to expand the membrane instead of pressurizing water, and (b) expansion of the membrane reduces the sucrose concentration driving osmotic potential due to volume increases and concomitant dilution effects. These results offer a novel perspective about the much discussed presence of sieve plates throughout the phloem acting as structural expansion dampers.
New developments in polymer brush fabrication: concepts and physical properties of dynamic polymer brushes
Authors: Yokoyama Hideaki 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn contrast to fabricating polymer brushes using conventional grafting-to and grafting-from techniques, we fabricated polymer brushes using a novel concept. This novel concept involves block copolymer segregation from the polymer region at the water interface. The resulting polymer brush is called a dynamic polymer brush because block copolymer segregation is a dynamic process that occurs at room temperature and is activated through contact with water. Dynamic polymer brushes undergo self-organization in the processes of self-assembly and self-healing (if destroyed). However, the analysis of dynamic polymer brushes is typically complicated because they are only detectable when in contact with water and change over time. Dynamic polymer brushes are not only a fascinating research topic but can also be used in many different fields, and the concept of dynamic polymer brushes is recognized as a core surface modification concept. The concept and physical characteristics of dynamic polymer brushes are discussed in this review.
Development of the oral resistome during the first decade of life
Authors: Sukumar Smitha , Wang Fang , Simpson Carra A. , Willet Cali E. , Chew Tracy , Hughes Toby E. , Bockmann Michelle R. , Sadsad Rosemarie , Martin F. Elizabeth , Lydecker Henry W. , Browne Gina V. , Davis Kylie M. , Bui Minh , Martinez Elena , Adler Christina J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAntibiotic overuse has promoted the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) with significant health and economic consequences. Genome sequencing reveals the widespread presence of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in diverse microbial environments. Hence, surveillance of resistance reservoirs, like the rarely explored oral microbiome, is necessary to combat AMR. Here, we characterise the development of the paediatric oral resistome and investigate its role in dental caries in 221 twin children (124 females and 97 males) sampled at three time points over the first decade of life. From 530 oral metagenomes, we identify 309 ARGs, which significantly cluster by age, with host genetic effects detected from infancy onwards. Our results suggest potential mobilisation of ARGs increases with age as the AMR associated mobile genetic element, Tn916 transposase was co-located with more species and ARGs in older children. We find a depletion of ARGs and species in dental caries compared to health. This trend reverses in restored teeth. Here we show the paediatric oral resistome is an inherent and dynamic component of the oral microbiome, with a potential role in transmission of AMR and dysbiosis.
Circadian clock molecule REV-ERBα regulates lung fibrotic progression through collagen stabilization
Authors: Wang Qixin , Sundar Isaac Kirubakaran , Lucas Joseph H. , Park Jun-Gyu , Nogales Aitor , Martinez-Sobrido Luis , Rahman Irfan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMolecular clock REV-ERBα is central to regulating lung injuries, and decreased REV-ERBα abundance mediates sensitivity to pro-fibrotic insults and exacerbates fibrotic progression. In this study, we determine the role of REV-ERBα in fibrogenesis induced by bleomycin and Influenza A virus (IAV). Bleomycin exposure decreases the abundance of REV-ERBα, and mice dosed with bleomycin at night display exacerbated lung fibrogenesis. Rev-erbα agonist (SR9009) treatment prevents bleomycin induced collagen overexpression in mice. Rev-erbα global heterozygous (Rev-erbα Het) mice infected with IAV showed augmented levels of collagens and lysyl oxidases compared with WT-infected mice. Furthermore, Rev-erbα agonist (GSK4112) prevents collagen and lysyl oxidase overexpression induced by TGFβ in human lung fibroblasts, whereas the Rev-erbα antagonist exacerbates it. Overall, these results indicate that loss of REV-ERBα exacerbates the fibrotic responses by promoting collagen and lysyl oxidase expression, whereas Rev-erbα agonist prevents it. This study provides the potential of Rev-erbα agonists in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
Accelerating electrochemical CO2 reduction to multi-carbon products via asymmetric intermediate binding at confined nanointerfaces
Authors: Zhang Jin , Guo Chenxi , Fang Susu , Zhao Xiaotong , Li Le , Jiang Haoyang , Liu Zhaoyang , Fan Ziqi , Xu Weigao , Xiao Jianping , Zhong Miao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractElectrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2R) to ethylene and ethanol enables the long-term storage of renewable electricity in valuable multi-carbon (C2+) chemicals. However, carbon–carbon (C–C) coupling, the rate-determining step in CO2R to C2+ conversion, has low efficiency and poor stability, especially in acid conditions. Here we find that, through alloying strategies, neighbouring binary sites enable asymmetric CO binding energies to promote CO2-to-C2+ electroreduction beyond the scaling-relation-determined activity limits on single-metal surfaces. We fabricate experimentally a series of Zn incorporated Cu catalysts that show increased asymmetric CO* binding and surface CO* coverage for fast C–C coupling and the consequent hydrogenation under electrochemical reduction conditions. Further optimization of the reaction environment at nanointerfaces suppresses hydrogen evolution and improves CO2 utilization under acidic conditions. We achieve, as a result, a high 31 ± 2% single-pass CO2-to-C2+ yield in a mild-acid pH 4 electrolyte with >80% single-pass CO2 utilization efficiency. In a single CO2R flow cell electrolyzer, we realize a combined performance of 91 ± 2% C2+ Faradaic efficiency with notable 73 ± 2% ethylene Faradaic efficiency, 31 ± 2% full-cell C2+ energy efficiency, and 24 ± 1% single-pass CO2 conversion at a commercially relevant current density of 150 mA cm−2 over 150 h.
Arboviruses and symbiotic viruses cooperatively hijack insect sperm-specific proteins for paternal transmission
Authors: Wan Jiajia , Liang Qifu , Zhang Ruonan , Cheng Yu , Wang Xin , Wang Hui , Zhang Jieting , Jia Dongsheng , Du Yu , Zheng Wenhui , Tang Dingzhong , Wei Taiyun , Chen Qian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractArboviruses and symbiotic viruses can be paternally transmitted by male insects to their offspring for long-term viral persistence in nature, but the mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we identify the sperm-specific serpin protein HongrES1 of leafhopper Recilia dorsalis as a mediator of paternal transmission of the reovirus Rice gall dwarf virus (RGDV) and a previously undescribed symbiotic virus of the Virgaviridae family, Recilia dorsalis filamentous virus (RdFV). We show that HongrES1 mediates the direct binding of virions to leafhopper sperm surfaces and subsequent paternal transmission via interaction with both viral capsid proteins. Direct interaction of viral capsid proteins mediates simultaneously invasion of two viruses into male reproductive organs. Moreover, arbovirus activates HongrES1 expression to suppress the conversion of prophenoloxidase to active phenoloxidase, potentially producing a mild antiviral melanization defense. Paternal virus transmission scarcely affects offspring fitness. These findings provide insights into how different viruses cooperatively hijack insect sperm-specific proteins for paternal transmission without disturbing sperm functions.
Central retinal microvasculature damage is associated with orthostatic hypotension in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Ahn Jong Hyeon , Kang Min Chae , Lee Dongyoung , Cho Jin Whan , Park Kyung-Ah , Youn Jinyoung 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOrthostatic hypotension (OH) is a common non-motor symptom in Parkinson’s disease (PD). OH can cause cerebral and retinal hypoperfusion and is associated with microvascular damage in PD. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a non-invasive technology that can be used to visualize the retinal microvasculature and detect microvascular damage in PD. In the present study, 51 PD patients (OH+, n = 20, 37 eyes; OH−, n = 32, 61 eyes) and 51 healthy controls (100 eyes) were evaluated. The Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale III, Hoehn and Yahr scale, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, levodopa equivalent daily dose, and vascular risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, were investigated. PD patients underwent a head-up tilt (HUT) test. The PD patients had a lower superficial retinal capillary plexus (SRCP) density in the central region than control patients. The PDOH+ group had lower vessel density in the SRCP of the central region compared with the control group and lower vessel density in the DRCP of the central region than the PDOH− and control groups. The changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure during the HUT test in PD patients showed a negative correlation with the vessel density in the DRCP central region. The presence of OH was a critical factor associated with central microvasculature damage in PD. These findings indicate that OCTA can be a useful and non-invasive tool for detecting microvasculature damage in PD patients.
Why residual emissions matter right now
Authors: Buck Holly Jean , Carton Wim , Lund Jens Friis , Markusson Nils 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNet-zero targets imply that continuing residual emissions will be balanced by carbon dioxide removal. However, residual emissions are typically not well defined, conceptually or quantitatively. We analysed governments’ long-term strategies submitted to the UNFCCC to explore projections of residual emissions, including amounts and sectors. We found substantial levels of residual emissions at net-zero greenhouse gas emissions, on average 18% of current emissions for Annex I countries. The majority of strategies were imprecise about which sectors residual emissions would originate from, and few offered specific projections of how residual emissions could be balanced by carbon removal. Our findings indicate the need for a consistent definition of residual emissions, as well as processes that standardize and compare expectations about residual emissions across countries. This is necessary for two reasons: to avoid projections of excessive residuals and correspondent unsustainable or unfeasible carbon-removal levels and to send clearer signals about the temporality of fossil fuel use.
Combinatorial protein dimerization enables precise multi-input synthetic computations
Authors: Bertschi Adrian , Wang Pengli , Galvan Silvia , Teixeira Ana Palma , Fussenegger Martin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBacterial transcription factors (TFs) with helix-turn-helix (HTH) DNA-binding domains have been widely explored to build orthogonal transcriptional regulation systems in mammalian cells. Here we capitalize on the modular structure of these proteins to build a framework for multi-input logic gates relying on serial combinations of inducible protein–protein interactions. We found that for some TFs, their HTH domain alone is sufficient for DNA binding. By fusing the HTH domain to TFs, we established dimerization dependent rather than DNA-binding-dependent activation. This enabled us to convert gene switches from OFF-type into more widely applicable ON-type systems and to create mammalian gene switches responsive to new inducers. By combining both OFF and ON modes of action, we built a compact, high-performance bandpass filter. Furthermore, we were able to show cytosolic and extracellular dimerization. Cascading up to five pairwise fusion proteins yielded robust multi-input AND logic gates. Combinations of different pairwise fusion proteins afforded a variety of 4-input 1-output AND and OR logic gate configurations.
Designing an integrated blockchain-enabled supply chain network under uncertainty
Authors: Babaei Ardavan , Khedmati Majid , Akbari Jokar Mohammad Reza , Tirkolaee Erfan Babaee 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWith the development of communication infrastructure, the design of supply chains has changed significantly. Blockchain technology, as one of the most cutting-edge technologies, can promote transparency among members of the supply chain network. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that tries to develop a novel bi-objective optimization model to integrate the transparency resulting from the use of blockchain for designing a three-level supply chain network. The first objective function is to minimize total cost while the second objective function seeks to maximize transparency based on the application of blockchain technology. Moreover, it is worth noting that it is the first attempt to investigate the role of a blockchain model under stochastic conditions. The bi-objectiveness and stochastic nature of the proposed model are then treated using Fuzzy Goal Programming (FGP) and Chance-Constrained programming (CCP) approaches, respectively. To tackle the problem, an improved Branch and Efficiency (B&E) algorithm is developed by incorporating transparency along with cost and service. The impacts of blockchain exclusively through transparency (Case 1) or through transparency, cost, and benefits (Case 2) in Supply Chain Design (SCD) are compared. The results demonstrated that the first case has less computational complexity and better scalability, while the second case has more transparency, less congestion, and more security. As one of the main implications, supply chain managers who are focused on cost minimization as well as transparency maximization are advised to take into account the trade-off between featuring costs and benefits of blockchain technology.
A MAPKKK gene from rice, RBG1res, confers resistance to Burkholderia glumae through negative regulation of ABA
Authors: Mizobuchi Ritsuko , Sugimoto Kazuhiko , Tsushima Seiya , Fukuoka Shuichi , Tsuiki Chikako , Endo Masaki , Mikami Masafumi , Saika Hiroaki , Sato Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBurkholderia glumae causes bacterial seedling rot (BSR) of rice and is a threat to a consistent food supply. When previously screening for resistance against B. glumae in the resistant cultivar Nona Bokra (NB) versus the susceptible cultivar Koshihikari (KO), we detected a gene, Resistance to Burkholderia glumae 1 (RBG1), at a quantitative trait locus (QTL). Here, we found that RBG1 encodes a MAPKKK gene whose product phosphorylates OsMKK3. We also found that the kinase encoded by the RBG1 resistant (RBG1res) allele in NB presented higher activity than did that encoded by the RBG1 susceptible (RBG1sus) allele in KO. RBG1res and RBG1sus differ by three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and the G390T substitution is essential for kinase activity. Abscisic acid (ABA) treatment of inoculated seedlings of RBG1res-NIL (a near-isogenic line (NIL) expressing RBG1res in the KO genetic background) decreased BSR resistance, indicating that RBG1res conferred resistance to B. glumae through negative regulation of ABA. The results of further inoculation assays showed that RBG1res-NIL was also resistant to Burkholderia plantarii. Our findings suggest that RBG1res contributes to resistance to these bacterial pathogens at the seed germination stage via a unique mechanism.
A prosocial fake news intervention with durable effects
Authors: Orosz Gábor , Paskuj Benedek , Faragó Laura , Krekó Péter 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe present online intervention promoted family-based prosocial values—in terms of helping family members—among young adults to build resistance against fake news. This preregistered randomized controlled trial study is among the first psychological fake news interventions in Eastern Europe, where the free press is weak and state-sponsored misinformation runs riot in mainstream media. In this intervention, participants were endowed with an expert role and requested to write a letter to their digitally less competent relatives explaining six strategies that help fake news recognition. Compared to the active control group there was an immediate effect (d = 0.32) that persisted until the follow-up four weeks later (d = 0.22) on fake news accuracy ratings of the young, advice-giving participants. The intervention also reduced the bullshit receptivity of participants both immediately after the intervention and in the long run. The present work demonstrates the power of using relevant social bonds for motivating behavior change among Eastern European participants. Our prosocial approach with its robust grounding in human psychology might complement prior interventions in the fight against misinformation.
Longitudinal uric acid has nonlinear association with kidney failure and mortality in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Prezelin-Reydit Mathilde , Combe Christian , Fouque Denis , Frimat Luc , Jacquelinet Christian , Laville Maurice , Massy Ziad A. , Lange Céline , Ayav Carole , Pecoits-Filho Roberto , Liabeuf Sophie , Stengel Bénédicte , Harambat Jérôme , Leffondré Karen ,   CKD-REIN study group, de Pinho Natalia Alencar , Herpe Yves-Edouard , Pascal Christophe , Schanstra Joost , Lambert Oriane , Metzger Marie , Speyer Elodie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe investigated the shape of the relationship between longitudinal uric acid (UA) and the hazard of kidney failure and death in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, and attempted to identify thresholds associated with increased hazards. We included CKD stage 3–5 patients from the CKD-REIN cohort with one serum UA measurement at cohort entry. We used cause-specific multivariate Cox models including a spline function of current values of UA (cUA), estimated from a separate linear mixed model. We followed 2781 patients (66% men, median age, 69 years) for a median of 3.2 years with a median of five longitudinal UA measures per patient. The hazard of kidney failure increased with increasing cUA, with a plateau between 6 and 10 mg/dl and a sharp increase above 11 mg/dl. The hazard of death had a U-shape relationship with cUA, with a hazard twice higher for 3 or 11 mg/dl, compared to 5 mg/dl. In CKD patients, our results indicate that UA above 10 mg/dl is a strong risk marker for kidney failure and death and that low UA levels below 5 mg/dl are associated with death before kidney failure.
Genome- and transcriptome-wide splicing associations with alcohol use disorder
Authors: Huggett Spencer B. , Ikeda Ami S. , Yuan Qingyue , Benca-Bachman Chelsie E. , Palmer Rohan H. C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGenetic mechanisms of alternative mRNA splicing have been shown in the brain for a variety of neuropsychiatric traits, but not substance use disorders. Our study utilized RNA-sequencing data on alcohol use disorder (AUD) in four brain regions (n = 56; ages 40–73; 100% ‘Caucasian’; PFC, NAc, BLA and CEA) and genome-wide association data on AUD (n = 435,563, ages 22–90; 100% European-American). Polygenic scores of AUD were associated with AUD-related alternative mRNA splicing in the brain. We identified 714 differentially spliced genes between AUD vs controls, which included both putative addiction genes and novel gene targets. We found 6463 splicing quantitative trait loci (sQTLs) that linked to the AUD differentially spliced genes. sQTLs were enriched in loose chromatin genomic regions and downstream gene targets. Additionally, the heritability of AUD was enriched for DNA variants in and around differentially spliced genes associated with AUD. Our study also performed splicing transcriptome-wide association studies (TWASs) of AUD and other drug use traits that unveiled specific genes for follow-up and splicing correlations across SUDs. Finally, we showed that differentially spliced genes between AUD vs control were also associated with primate models of chronic alcohol consumption in similar brain regions. Our study found substantial genetic contributions of alternative mRNA splicing in AUD.