bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Be aware of (R)‐methamphetamine: Negative immunoassay versus positive confirmation analysis
Authors: Liut Jennifer , Madea Burkhard , Krämer Michael , Maas‐Gramlich Alexandra 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe amphetamine‐type stimulant methamphetamine exists in two enantiomeric forms, (S)‐methamphetamine and (R)‐methamphetamine, which are both psychoactive but with the (S)‐enantiomer being more potent than the (R)‐enantiomer. Illicit methamphetamine encountered in Europe is typically a racemic mixture of both enantiomers and enantiopure (S)‐methamphetamine, respectively. However, herein we report two cases with proven enantiopure (R)‐methamphetamine consumption with moreover both cases remaining undetected by immunoassay screening. Inconspicuous immunoassay findings can be traced back to a considerably higher sensitivity and concentration‐dependent cross‐reactivity of the applied drug of abuse assay for the (S)‐enantiomer of methamphetamine compared with the (R)‐enantiomer, and this limitation should be well known by users of immunoassay drug tests.
Speciation rates are unrelated to the formation of population structure in Malagasy gemsnakes
Authors: Burbrink Frank T. , Ruane Sara , Rabibisoa Nirhy , Raselimanana Achille P. , Raxworthy Christopher J. , Kuhn Arianna 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSpeciation rates vary substantially across the tree of life. These rates should be linked to the rate at which population structure forms if a continuum between micro and macroevolutionary patterns exists. Previous studies examining the link between speciation rates and the degree of population formation in clades have been shown to be either correlated or uncorrelated depending on the group, but no study has yet examined the relationship between speciation rates and population structure in a young group that is constrained spatially to a single‐island system. We examine this correlation in 109 gemsnakes (Pseudoxyrhophiidae) endemic to Madagascar and originating in the early Miocene, which helps control for extinction variation across time and space. We find no relationship between rates of speciation and the formation rates of population structure over space in 33 species of gemsnakes. Rates of speciation show low variation, yet population structure varies widely across species, indicating that speciation rates and population structure are disconnected. We suspect this is largely due to the persistence of some lineages not susceptible to extinction. Importantly, we discuss how delimiting populations versus species may contribute to problems understanding the continuum between shallow and deep evolutionary processes.
Neutral theory and beyond: A systematic review of molecular evolution education
Authors: Forsythe Desiree , Hsu Jeremy L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMolecular evolution—including the neutral theory of molecular evolution—is a major sub‐discipline of evolution and is widely taught in undergraduate evolution courses. However, despite its ubiquity, there have not been any previous attempts to compile and review the molecular evolution education literature. Here, we draw upon the framework proposed in a past literature review examining the broader evolution education landscape to conduct a literature review of papers related to molecular evolution education, classifying the contributions of such papers to evolution pedagogy as well as evolution education research. We find that there remains very limited coverage of molecular evolution in the education literature, with existing papers focusing primarily on providing new instructional modules and strategies for teaching molecular evolution. Our work suggests several areas of critical need as well as opportunities to advance evolution education and evolution education research, including compiling instructional goals for the sub‐discipline, developing validated assessments, and investigating student thinking related to molecular evolution. We conclude by providing general strategies, advice, and a novel curricular activity for teaching molecular evolution and the neutral theory of molecular evolution.
Molecular phylogeny reveals cryptic diversity in Sibynophis from China (Serpentes: Sibynophiidae)
Authors: Guo Peng , Wang Ping , Lyu Bing , Liu Qin , Zheng Jieyu , Fu Chunmei , Wu Yayong , Shu Guocheng , Hou Shaobing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe elucidation of species diversity and distribution is critical within the fields of evolution, genetics, and conservation. The genus Sibynophis contains rare snakes that have historically received little attention. In this study, we conducted comprehensive sampling and use both mitochondrial and nuclear genetic markers to explore Sibynophis species diversity within China. Our findings revealed that S. c. miyiensis should be considered synonymous with S. c. grahami, and S. c. grahami should be gave a specific rank as S. grahami. In addition, we discovered S. triangularis was new to China and Myanmar. Based on the specimens and molecular phylogeny results, we redefined the species distribution boundaries of each Chinese species.
Mutualistic interactions between ants and fungi: A review
Authors: Dejean Alain , Azémar Frédéric , Naskrecki Piotr , Tindo Maurice , Rossi Vivien , Faucher Christian , Gryta Hervé 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe large amount of dead plant biomass caused by the final extinction events triggered a fungi proliferation that mostly differentiated into saprophytes degrading organic matter; others became parasites, predators, likely commensals, and mutualists. Among the last, many have relationships with ants, the most emblematic seen in the Neotropical myrmicine Attina that cultivate Basidiomycota for food. Among them, leaf‐cutting, fungus‐growing species illustrate an ecological innovation because they grow fungal gardens from fresh plant material rather than arthropod frass and plant debris. Myrmecophytes shelter “plant‐ants” in hollow structures, the domatia, whose inner walls are lined with thin‐walled Ascomycota hyphae that, in certain cases, are eaten by the ants, showing a form of convergence. Typically, these Ascomycota have antibacterial properties illustrating cases of farming for protection. Ant gardens, or mutualistic associations between certain ant species and epiphytes, shelter endophytic fungi that promote the growth of the epiphytes. Because the cell walls of certain Ascomycota hyphae remain sturdy after the death of the mycelium, they form resistant fibers used by ants to reinforce their constructions (e.g., galleries, shelters for tended hemipterans, and carton nests). Thus, we saw cases of “true” fungal agriculture involving planting, cultivating, and harvesting Basidiomycota for food with Attina. A convergence with “plant‐ants” feeding on Ascomycota whose antibacterial activity is generally exploited (i.e., farming for protection). The growth of epiphytes was promoted by endophytic fungi in ant gardens. Finally, farming for structural materials occurred with, in one case, a leaf‐cutting, fungus‐growing ant using Ascomycota fibers to reinforce its nests.
Bis(chlorido)tin(IV)meso‐substituted Porphyrins‐Characterization and Solubility
Authors: Grössl Doris M. , Hafner Anna‐Viktoria , Fischer Roland C. , Saf Robert , Torvisco Ana , Uhlig Frank 
Published: July 2023

AbstractInvestigation of the solubility behavior ofpara‐substituted (H, Me,t‐Bu,n‐Bu)meso‐tetraarylporphyrins as well asmeso‐tetraalkylporphyrins (Me,n‐Pr,n‐Bu) were performed. An increase of solubility in chloroform and benzene is detected according to the higher functionality inparaposition of the phenyl ring formeso‐tetraarylporphyrins or inmesoposition onmeso‐tetraalkylporphyrins. Furthermore, the series of bis(chlorido)tin(IV)meso‐tetraarylporphyrin and bis(chlorido)tin(IV)meso‐tetraalkylporphyrin was investigated via UV/Vis spectroscopy,119Sn‐NMR and single crystal X‐ray diffraction.
Raphanus sativus functional potential: Impact of the analytical extraction technique on the bioaccessibility interpretation
Authors: Ramirez Daniela , Beretta Vanesa , Torres‐Palazzolo Carolina , Camargo Alejandra B. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRadishes (Raphanus sativus L.) are cruciferous vegetables with remarkable nutraceutical properties given their distinctive isothiocyanates (ITCs) profile. These compounds are formed after glucosinolates‐Myrosinase enzymolysis. Although it is important to characterize radishes' ITCs levels, it is also necessary to evaluate the bioactive compounds' physiological fate after radishes ingestion. To do so, the extraction techniques should adapt to such conditions of high aqueous environment. In this work, we studied the bioaccessibility of ITCs and indole‐3‐carbinol (I3C) in radishes taproots considering the analytical implications of this biological process. Results showed that ITCs and indole profiles in the radish's taproots after aqueous‐myrosinase hydrolysis followed by Dispersive Liquid‐Liquid Microextraction were distinctively different from other reports. After in vitro digestion, raphasatin showed the highest bioaccessibility despite its low quantitative yields. Notably, I3C and S‐Sulforaphene become promising phytochemicals, due to their bioaccessibility and their considerable remaining amounts after digestion.
Electrochemical and microstructural characterization of the high‐entropy perovskite La0.2Pr0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Sr0.2CoO3‐δ for solid oxide cell air electrodes
Authors: Pretschuh Patrick , Egger Andreas , Brunner Roland , Bucher Edith 
Published: July 2023

AbstractStrontium segregation (coupled to phase decomposition and impurity poisoning) and electrode delamination are two of the most important degradation mechanisms currently limiting the long‐term stability of solid oxide fuel cell and electrolysis cell (SOFC and SOEC) air electrodes. The present study aims to demonstrate that air electrodes made of entropy‐stabilized multi‐component oxides can mitigate these degradation mechanisms while providing excellent cell performance. A SOEC utilizing La0.2Pr0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Sr0.2CoO3‐δ (LPNSSC) as an air electrode delivers −1.56 A/cm2 at 1.2 V at 800°C. This performance exceeds that of a commercial cell with La0.6Sr0.4CoO3‐δ (LSC) air electrode, which reaches −1.43 A/cm2. In a long‐term electrolysis test, the LPNSSC cell shows stable performance during 700 h, while the LSC cell degrades continuously. Post‐mortem analyses by scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy indicate complete delamination of the LSC electrode, while LPNSSC shows excellent adhesion. The amount of secondary phases formed (esp. SrSO4) is also much lower in LPNSSC compared to LSC. In conclusion, the high‐entropy perovskite LPNSSC is a promising option for air electrodes of solid oxide cells. While LPNSSC can compete with ‒ or even outperform ‒ LSC air electrodes in terms of electrochemical performance, it could be particularly advantageous in terms of long‐term stability in SOEC mode.
Not just Glia—Dissecting brain macrophages in the mouse
Authors: Frumer Gal Ronit , Shin Sun‐Hye , Jung Steffen , Kim Jung‐Seok 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMacrophages have emerged as critical cellular components of the central nervous system (CNS), promoting development, maintenance, and immune defense of the CNS. Here we will review recent advances in our understanding of brain macrophage heterogeneity, including microglia and border‐associated macrophages, focusing on the mouse. Emphasis will be given to the discussion of strengths and limitations of the experimental approaches that have led to the recent insights and hold promise to further deepen our mechanistic understanding of brain macrophages that might eventually allow to harness their activities for the management of CNS pathologies.
Oncological outcomes of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5‐fluorouracil for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the external auditory canal: A single‐center study
Authors: Yamada Akihiro , Shinomiya Hirotaka , Uehara Natsumi , Iritani Keisuke , Tatehara Shun , Furukawa Tatsuya , Teshima Masanori , Miyawaki Daisuke , Fujita Takeshi , Kakigi Akinobu , Kiyota Naomi , Sasaki Ryohei , Nibu Ken‐ichi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundSquamous cell carcinoma of the external auditory canal (EACSCC) is a rare condition. However, a standard treatment has not yet been established. We retrospectively evaluated the efficacy, adverse events, and feasibility of TPF‐CCRT (concomitant chemoradiotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5‐fluorouracil) in patients with advanced EACSCC.MethodsThirty‐five consecutive patients with advanced EACSCC (T3, T4) initially treated with TPF‐CCRT at Kobe University Hospital were included. T4 diseases with invasion of the brain, internal carotid artery, or internal jugular vein were classified as T4b, and those without these features were classified as T4a.ResultsFive‐year overall survival rates for T3 and T4 were 100% and 64.2%, respectively. A significant difference was observed between T4a and T4b (82.4% vs. 30%, p = 0.007). Five‐year progression‐free survival rates of T3, T4a, and T4b were 100%, 68%, and 20% (p = 0.022), respectively.ConclusionsTPF‐CCRT should be considered as a plausible treatment option for advanced EACSCC.
Initiating the first rheumatic heart disease clinic in Cameroon: A descriptive study
Authors: Njedock Nelson , Yanwou Nathan , Wotol Maxime , Shu Beckly , Azanfack Raisa , Nkoke Clovis , Chelo David 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and AimRheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a significant cause of heart failure in sub‐Saharan Africa. The causes of death from RHD are multiple, many of which can be prevented with appropriate follow‐up of patients and effective secondary prophylaxis. An RHD Clinic was initiated to attempt a solution in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Over 6 months, its impact was evaluated.MethodsTwo echocardiography registers were accessed, and patients diagnosed with RHD between 2005 and 2018 were contacted. Consenting carers and patients pioneered the first RHD Clinic. Activities of the clinic comprised health education, medical visits, and benzylpenicillin G (BPG) injections. Text messages and phone calls were used to remind patients of their monthly appointments.ResultsOut of 1200 first‐time cardiac ethnographies, 70 patients (5.83%) had been diagnosed with RHD. The case fatality rate of RHD was 16.67%. Twenty‐three patients were successfully registered and followed‐up by the clinic, 70% of whom were female. The age range was 4−22 years. Fifty‐three percent had an NYHA score of 2 or more at the time of admission into the clinic. There was an increase in adherence to secondary prophylaxis with BPG from 42.9% at baseline to 87%−95% in the last 3 months.ConclusionOur short experience running an RHD Clinic was marked by increased treatment adherence among persons living with RHC.
Evans syndrome during pembrolizumab therapy for upper urinary tract cancer
Authors: Kakita Shota , Matsuo Tomohiro , Ohki Masaharu , Tsuchiyama Ayaka , Yasuda Takuji , Nakanishi Hiromi , Mitsunari Kensuke , Ohba Kojiro , Imamura Ryoichi 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionImmune checkpoint inhibitors are available for the treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma; however, serious adverse events occasionally occur. Here, we report a rare case of Evans syndrome attributed to the use of an immune checkpoint inhibitor.Case presentationA 56‐year‐old man was diagnosed with left renal pelvic cancer and underwent left laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy. Eight months postoperatively, computed tomography revealed para‐aortic lymph node metastasis. Despite receiving chemotherapy, the disease progressed, and pembrolizumab was initiated. After 26 months of pembrolizumab treatment, the patient developed fever and anemia. Hematologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of Evans syndrome. He was treated with blood transfusions and corticosteroids, and gradual symptom improvement was observed.ConclusionThis report highlights the potential risk of Evans syndrome associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment. Clinicians should be aware of this possibility and consider early intervention with corticosteroids.
Using normalized echo state network to detect abnormal ECG patterns
Authors: Wang Shenglun , Ding Chun , Wang Zhaoze , Shen Lu , Wang Junsong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCardiovascular disease (CVD) stands as a prominent contributor to human mortality. Electrocardiogram (ECG) represents a widely adopted noninvasive method employed by clinicians to detect and diagnose CVDs. Nonetheless, conventional ECG‐based detection approaches for cardiac disorders tend to be time‐consuming and inefficient, necessitating the need for more effective solutions. Recent studies have highlighted the effectiveness of the echo state network (ESN) in detecting abnormal ECG patterns. However, traditional ESN models often face challenges such as unstable training and convergence difficulties due to variations in the range of reservoir state values. To address this issue, this study introduces a novel approach called the normalized echo state network (NESN). The NESN method normalizes the states of all neurons within the reservoir before applying the nonlinear activation function. In our study, we conducted performance evaluations of the proposed model using the MIT‐BIH arrhythmia database. We performed a synergistical analysis to investigate the impact of reservoir parameters on the network performance. The experimental results demonstrated promising outcomes, with an accuracy of 99.1% and an F1‐score of 96.4%. Specifically, for detecting abnormal ECG patterns, our model achieved a sensitivity of 90.2%, a positive predictive value of 96.6%, and a specificity of 99.8%. These results highlight the superior performance of our classifier compared to most traditional mainstream heartbeat detection methods and ring topology ESN model.
An evaluation of the genotoxicity and 90‐day repeated‐dose toxicity of a CBD‐rich hemp oil
Authors: Clewell Amy , Glávits Róbert , Endres John R. , Murbach Timothy S. , Báldi Péter Tamás , Renkecz Tibor , Hirka Gábor , Vértesi Adél , Béres Erzsébet , Szakonyiné Ilona Pasics 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCurrently, there is much interest in the sales and study of consumable Cannabis sativa L. products that contain relatively high levels of cannabidiol (CBD) and low levels of Δ‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol. While there are published safety evaluations for extracts containing low concentrations of CBD, toxicological assessments for those with higher concentrations are still scant in the public domain. In this paper, genotoxicity tests and a 90‐day repeated‐dose toxicity study of an ethanolic extract of C. sativa containing ~85% CBD were performed following relevant OECD guidelines. No increased gene mutations were observed in a bacterial reverse mutation assay compared to controls up to the maximum recommended concentration of the guideline. An in vitro chromosomal aberration assay showed no positive findings in the short‐term (3 h) treatment assays. Long‐term treatment (20 h) showed an increased number of cells containing aberrations at the highest dose of 2 μg/mL, which was outside of historical control levels, but not statistically significantly different from the controls. An in vivo micronucleus study showed no genotoxic potential of the test item in mice. A 90‐day repeated‐dose gavage study using 0, 75, 125, and 175 mg/kg bw/day showed several slight findings that were considered likely to be related to an adaptive response to consumption of the extract by the animals but were not considered toxicologically relevant. These included increases in liver and adrenal weights compared to controls. The NOAEL was determined as 175 mg/kg bw/day, the highest dose tested (equivalent to approximately 150 mg/kg bw/day of CBD).
MindMiner: Uncovering linguistic markers of mind perception as a new lens to understand consumer–smart object relationships
Authors: Hartmann Jochen , Bergner Anouk , Hildebrand Christian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPrior research revealed a striking heterogeneity of how consumers view smart objects, from seeing them as helpful partners to merely a useful tool. We draw on mind perception theory to assess whether the attribution of mental states to smart objects reveals differences in consumer–smart object relationships and device usage. We train a language model to unobtrusively predict mind perception in smart objects from consumer‐generated text. We provide a rich set of interpretable linguistic markers for mind perception, drawing on a diverse collection of text‐mining techniques, and demonstrate that greater mind perception is associated with expressing a more communal (vs. instrumental) relationship with the device and using it more expansively. We find converging evidence for these associations using over 20,000 real‐world customer reviews and also provide causal evidence that inducing a more communal (vs. instrumental) relationship with a smart object enhances mind perception and in turn increases the number of tasks consumers engage in with the device. These findings have important implications for the role of mind perception as a novel lens to study consumer–smart object relationships. We offer an easy‐to‐use web interface to access our language model using researchers own data or to fine‐tune the model to entirely new domains.