bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Charting the solid‐state NMR signals of polysaccharides: A database‐driven roadmap
Authors: Zhao Wancheng , Debnath Debkumar , Gautam Isha , Fernando Liyanage D. , Wang Tuo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSolid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) measurements of intact cell walls and cellular samples often generate spectra that are difficult to interpret due to the presence of many coexisting glycans and the structural polymorphism observed in native conditions. To overcome this analytical challenge, we present a statistical approach for analyzing carbohydrate signals using high‐resolution ssNMR data indexed in a carbohydrate database. We generate simulated spectra to demonstrate the chemical shift dispersion and compare this with experimental data to facilitate the identification of important fungal and plant polysaccharides, such as chitin and glucans in fungi and cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectic polymers in plants. We also demonstrate that chemically distinct carbohydrates from different organisms may produce almost identical signals, highlighting the need for high‐resolution spectra and validation of resonance assignments. Our study provides a means to differentiate the characteristic signals of major carbohydrates and allows us to summarize currently undetected polysaccharides in plants and fungi, which may inspire future investigations.
Investigation of bituminized waste products swelling behavior due to water uptake under free leaching conditions: Experiments and modeling
Authors: Chen Yujiong , Champenois Jean‐Baptiste , Dangla Patrick , Granet Sylvie , Lautru Joseph , Leclerc Arnaud , Melot Geoffroy 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBituminized waste products (BWPs) were produced by conditioning in bitumen the co‐precipitation sludge resulting from industrial reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel. Underground geological disposal is a solution for the long‐term disposal of some intermediate level long‐lived (ILW‐LL) categorized BWPs in France. After one or several hundred thousand years, the water from the host rock will fully saturate the disposal cells. By an osmotic phenomenon enabled by the semi‐permeable capacity of the bituminous matrix, water in direct contact with BWPs could cause them to swell, which would lead to pressure on the host rock and may damage the disposal facility. Therefore, the BWPs’ swelling behavior has to be taken into account in safety studies for disposal facilities. This paper presents an experimental and numerical investigation of BWPs’ swelling behavior due to water uptake. Experimentally, water uptake, swelling and released salts were monitored for about 4 years during free leaching tests of simplified BWPs. The numerical model presented is extended from an existing one that incorporates transport mechanisms (diffusion, permeation, osmosis) with mechanics via Maxwell's viscoelastic model. An original coupled homogenization of transport terms is proposed to better capture the role of the semi‐permeable membrane played by the bitumen and the porosity dependency of coupled transport coefficients during water uptake. The presented numerical model is able to reproduce the experimental results of free leaching tests and shows its validity for the entire leaching process.
A coupled finite element formulation for the modeling of freezing processes within the Theory of Porous Media using a discontinuous approximation for the volume fraction ice
Authors: Koßler Marvin , Schwarz Alexander , Bluhm Joachim , Schröder Jörg 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis work presents a multi‐phase approach to model freezing processes within a coupled finite element formulation using the Theory of Porous Media (TPM), see also [1]. The focus of the study is to enhance the numerical stability for the volume fraction ice as is it highly sensitive to phase discontinuities. To address this issue, a discontinuous approximation is employed for the volume fraction ice while the remaining degrees of freedom are still continuously approximated. As a result, the corresponding degrees of freedom are independently solved for each element, as the element nodes are not interconnected with other elements. Academic examples are provided within a standard Galerkin procedure to highlight the optimization effect, comparing the results obtained with a continuous and discontinuous approximation for the volume fraction ice. Additionally, the implementation of the discontinuous approximation allows for the application of static condensation, resulting in reduced computation time.
Approximate controllability of a 2D linear system related to the motion of two fluids with surface tension
Authors: Court Sébastien 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe consider a coupled system of partial differential equations describing the interactions between a closed free interface and two viscous incompressible fluids. The fluids are assumed to satisfy the incompressible Navier‐Stokes equations in time‐dependent domains that are determined by the free interface. The mean curvature of the interface induces a surface tension force that creates a jump of the Cauchy stress tensor on both sides. It influences the behavior of the surrounding fluids, and therefore the deformation of this interface via the equality of velocities. In dimension 2, the steady states correspond to immobile interfaces that are circles with all the same volume. Considering small displacements of steady states, we are lead to consider a linearized version of this system. We prove that the latter is approximately controllable to a given steady state for any time by the means of additional surface tension type forces, provided that the radius of the circle of reference does not coincide with a scaled zero of the Bessel function of first kind.
Toupin–Mindlin first strain‐gradient elasticity for cubic and isotropic materials at small scales
Authors: Lazar Markus , Agiasofitou Eleni 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Toupin–Mindlin anisotropic first strain‐gradient elasticity is a generalized continuum field theory valid at small scales. The field theoretical framework, the constitutive tensors, and the material parameters are given for anisotropic, cubic, and isotropic materials in first strain gradient elasticity. Since the characteristic lengths are in the unit‐range of Ångström, first strain‐gradient elasticity leads to Ångström mechanics, in a straightforward manner.
Content moderation through removal of service: Content delivery networks and extremist websites
Authors: Looney Seán 
Published: September 2023

AbstractConsiderable attention has been paid by researchers to social media platforms, especially the ‘big companies’, and increasingly also messaging applications, and how effectively they moderate extremist and terrorist content on their services. Much less attention has yet been paid to if and how infrastructure and service providers, further down ‘the tech stack’, deal with extremism and terrorism. Content Delivery Networks (CDN) such as Cloudflare play an underestimated role in moderating the presence of extremist and terrorist content online as it is impossible for these websites to operate without DDoS protection. This is evidenced by the takedown of a wide range websites such as The Daily Stormer, 8chan, a variety of Taliban websites and more recently the organised harassment site Kiwifarms following refusal of service by Cloudflare. However, it is unclear whether there is any formal process of content review conducted by the company when it decides to refuse services. This article aims to first provide an analysis of what extremist and terrorist websites make use of Cloudflare's services as well as other CDNs, and how many of them have been subject to takedown following refusal of service. Following this the article analyses CDNs' terms of service and how current and upcoming internet regulation applies to these CDNs.
Safety and tolerability of continuous inhaled iloprost in critically ill pediatric pulmonary hypertension patients: A retrospective case series
Authors: Colglazier Elizabeth , Ng Angelica J. , Parker Claire , Woolsey David , Holmes Raymond , Dsouza Allison , Becerra Jasmine , Stevens Leah , Nawaytou Hythem , Keller Roberta L. , Fineman Jeffrey R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInhaled iloprost (iILO) has shown efficacy in treating patients with hypoxic lung disease and pulmonary hypertension, inducing selective pulmonary vasodilation and improvement in oxygenation. However, its short elimination half‐life of 20–30 min necessitates frequent intermittent dosing (6–9 times per day). Thus, the administration of iILO via continuous nebulization represents an appealing method of drug delivery in the hospital setting. The objectives are: (1) describe our continuous iILO delivery methodology and safety profile in mechanically ventilated pediatric pulmonary hypertension patients; and (2) characterize the initial response of iILO in these pediatric patients currently receiving iNO. Continuous iILO was delivered and well tolerated (median 6 days; range 1–94) via tracheostomy or endotracheal tube using the Aerogen® mesh nebulizer system coupled with a Medfusion® 400 syringe pump. No adverse events or delivery malfunctions were reported. Initiation of iILO resulted in an increase in oxygen saturation from 81.4 ± 8.6 to 90.8 ± 4.1%, p < 0.05. Interestingly, prior iNO therapy for >1 day resulted in a higher response rate to iILO (as defined as a ≥ 4% increase in saturations) compared to those receiving iNO <1 day (85% vs. 50%, p = 0.06). When the use of iILO is considered, continuous delivery represents a safe, less laborious alternative and concurrent treatment with iNO should not be considered a contraindication. However, given the retrospective design and small sample size, this study does not allow the evaluation of the efficacy of continuous iILO on outcomes beyond the initial response. Thus, a prospective study designed to evaluate the efficacy of continuous iILO is necessary.
Native mass spectrometry interrogation of complexes formed during targeted protein degradation
Authors: Ahmed Ikhlas M. M. , Beveridge Rebecca 
Published: September 2023

RationaleProtein degraders are small molecules that promote cellular degradation of a target protein. Degraders simultaneously bind to their target and an E3 ligase, bringing them into close spatial proximity, but the formation of this ternary complex is difficult to measure with many biophysical techniques.MethodsNative mass spectrometry (nMS) is an effective label‐free technique to identify the complexes formed by proteolysis‐targeting chimeras (PROTACs). It can monitor the formation of ternary E3–PROTAC–target complexes and detect intermediate binary species. Experiments are described using a Synapt G2Si (Waters) equipped with a nano‐electrospray ionisation source.ResultsThe protocol describes nMS experiments for measuring the complexes formed by PROTAC molecules. It also describes how to investigate differences in the affinity of PROTAC complexes, whether a PROTAC shows specificity for a given target and whether a PROTAC shows cooperative behaviour.ConclusionsHere, we provide step‐by‐step instructions for the sample preparation of PROTAC complexes and their nMS interrogation to obtain optimal information on their binding modes.
Prenatal detection of orofacial clefts in Denmark from 2009 to 2018
Authors: Sander F. H. , Jørgensen D. S. , Jakobsen L. P. , Jensen A. N. , Lousen T. , Sandager P. , Sperling L. , Vogel I. , Petersen O. B. , Vedel C. ,   Collaborators
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate the overall and type‐specific prenatal detection rates (DRs) of orofacial clefts in a national cohort in Denmark.MethodsThis study was based on data from the Danish Fetal Medicine Database and included all fetuses and children from singleton pregnancies diagnosed with an orofacial cleft prenatally and/or postnatally between 2009 and 2018. The types of cleft included unilateral, bilateral or median cleft lip (CL); unilateral, bilateral or median cleft lip with secondary cleft palate (CLP); and cleft palate (CP). The clefts were grouped as cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL(P)) or as all clefts (including CP). All cases with discordance between prenatal and postnatal diagnoses were validated in the local patient files (Astraia). Cases without prenatal validation of the postnatal diagnosis were marked as undetected. Postnatally diagnosed cases with a strong prenatal suspicion of a cleft but without an International Classification of Diseases‐10 code were registered as prenatally detected. Termination of pregnancy and intrauterine death were registered as true positives even if no autopsy could be performed. Liveborn cases with a prenatal diagnosis but without a postnatal validation were excluded.ResultsA total of 994 cases were included in the study, of which 933 were liveborn. The prevalence of orofacial cleft was 1.6 per 1000 live births. There were no differences in the baseline characteristics between detected and undetected cases. The DR for CL(P) was 71.7% (95% CI, 64.8–78.9%), with an increase from 60.0% in 2009 to 73.0% in 2018 (P = 0.018). The type‐specific DRs for the entire period were 56.4% (95% CI, 45.0–67.6%) for unilateral CL; 76.6% (95% CI, 71.7–82.9%) for unilateral CLP; 70.5% (95% CI, 52.1–87.6%) for bilateral CL; 82.3% (95% CI, 70.6–93.6%) for bilateral CLP; 0% (0/6) for median CL; 75.0% (3/4) for median CLP; and 3.3% (95% CI, 0.6–5.7%) for CP. A total of 20.9% (208/994) of the cases had associated findings, of which 33.2% (69/208) were genetic aberrations.ConclusionsThe DR for CL(P) has improved in Denmark over the last decade. The DR for CLP is high, with the highest DR for bilateral CLP. However, prenatal detection of CP remains a challenge. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Evaluation of the differences in proteomics of high‐quality bovine colostrum and low‐quality bovine colostrum
Authors: Kaçar Yiğit , Batmaz Hasan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough there are studies on colostrum and milk proteomics of different species in the literature, there is no published report about different quality bovine colostrums’ proteomics.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare the proteome content of high‐ and low‐quality bovine colostrums for the first time.MethodsColostrum samples were collected from 32 Holstein cows from the same farm that had just calved. Brix% levels of colostrums were measured, and then, those with a Brix% value of ≥27% were classified as high‐quality and those with a Brix% value of <22% as low‐quality. Three samples from high‐quality and low‐quality colostrums were selected and proteomic analyses were performed by pooling separately.ResultsTotally 95 proteins were identified in the colostrums, and 19 of them showed significant changes between high‐ and low‐quality colostrums. Expressions in colostrum of glycosylation‐dependent cell adhesion molecule‐1, cofilin‐1, alpha‐S2‐casein, alpha‐lactalbumin, alpha‐1B‐glycoprotein, actin_cytoplasmic‐1, nucleobindin‐1, cathelicidin‐4, inter‐alpha‐trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4, chitinase‐3‐like protein 1 and monocyte differentiation antigen CD14 were lower, whereas tetranectin, secreted frizzled‐related protein‐1 (SFRP1), perilipin‐2, coatomer subunit epsilon (COPE), butyrophilin subfamily 1 member A1, polyubiquitin‐B, lactadherin and albumin levels were higher in high‐quality colostrum than low‐quality colostrum. Moreover, SFRP1, COPE and cathelicidin‐4 proteins were identified for the first time in bovine colostrum. In high‐quality colostrum, the most prominently down‐regulated proteins were cathelicidin‐4 (26.01‐fold) and cofilin‐1 (17.42‐fold), and the most prominently up‐regulated proteins were COPE (3.37‐fold) and tetranectin (3.07‐fold).ConclusionsIt was detected that the proteome contents of high‐ and low‐quality bovine colostrums were different from each other. As new functions are added to the protein databases regarding these proteins detected in colostrums, the interactions of proteins with each other and with other molecules will be detailed and the effects of high‐quality colostrums on passive transfer immunity and calf health will be understood in full detail.
Serum vitamin D in sanctuary chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in range countries: A pilot study
Authors: Feltrer‐Rambaud Yedra , Moresco Anneke , Ange‐van Heugten Kimberly , Pizarro Andrea , Tomeo‐Martín Beatriz , Carrasco Pesquera Lara , Moresco Natalie , Atencia Rebeca 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundVitamin D is essential for skeletal health, calcium homeostasis and general health. The major and more stable form of vitamin D in circulation is 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25‐OH‐D); this is the most valuable indicator of vitamin D status. There are studies on laboratory and zoo‐housed chimpanzees; however, serum vitamin D status has not been documented in chimpanzees in range countries.Objectives(1) Determine the range of circulating 25‐OH‐D concentrations in chimpanzees in range countries. (2) Assess the influence of age, sex, and sun exposure on 25‐OH‐D serum concentrations.MethodsOpportunistic blood samples were obtained from 127 clinically healthy chimpanzees. Serum 25‐OH‐D concentration was measured with a commercially available competitive ELISA.ResultsThe median overall 25‐OH‐D concentration for chimpanzees in range countries was 46.24 nmol/L (range: 17.10–109.23 nmol/L). Males had a significantly lower concentration (40.15 nmol/L) than females (49.61 nmol/L), and infants (37.99 nmol/L) had a significantly lower concentration than adults (46.04 nmol/L). Concentrations of 25‐OH‐D in chimpanzees in sunnier habitats were significantly higher compared to thick tropical forest habitat.ConclusionThe present constitutes a large dataset of serum 25‐OH‐D concentrations in range country sanctuary chimpanzees and contributes to document normal ranges. Age, sex, and sun exposure influenced serum concentrations of 25‐OH‐D in sanctuary chimpanzees.
Vorstellung LArS-Modul A: Einstiegsphase
Authors: Filler Simon , Gronostay Dorothee 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag stellt die Konzeption, Inhalte und fachdidaktischen Hintergründe des Modulteils A von LArS.nrw vor. Modulteil A fokussiert auf die Einstiegsphase sozialwissenschaftlichen Unterrichts, nimmt unterschiedliche fachtypische Unterrichtsmedien und –methoden in den Blick (Karikatur, Zeitung, Zitate, Schulbuch) und regt zum Vergleichen und Reflektieren der Einstiege auf Basis von fachdidaktischen Prinzipien (Schüler*innenorientierung, Problemorientierung) und der politikdidaktischen Perspektive an.
Thermomanagement in Elektrofahrzeugen
Authors: Heimes Heiner Hans , Kampker Achim , Offermanns Christian , Kehrer Mario , Maltoni Francesco , Löbberding Hendrik 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungDas Thermomanagement muss sich einer Vielzahl von Anforderungen stellen, um sowohl den Komfort für Passagiere gewährleisten zu können als auch die maximale Sicherheit bei der Reichweitenoptimierung zu erzielen. Daraus entstehende Herausforderungen im Energie- und Thermomanagement von Elektrofahrzeugen gilt es mit interdisziplinären Thermomanagementsystemen zu lösen. Es geht dabei nicht nur um die Gewährleistung thermischer Behaglichkeit im Innenraum wie im Verbrennungskraftfahrzeug, sondern auch darum, die Systeme des Antriebsstrangs innerhalb der Betriebstemperaturgrenzen zu halten. Durch die unterschiedlichen Anforderungen an die genannten Betriebstemperaturen, die wechselnde Richtung der Wärmeströme, geringe Temperaturgradienten und die Relevanz für die Systemsicherheit kann das Thermomanagementsystem von Elektrofahrzeugen nur mit Hilfe interdisziplinärer Ansätze konsequenter Innovation gemeistert werden.
Lade- und Ladeinfrastruktur-Technologie
Authors: Hecht Christopher , Figgener Jan , Sauer Dirk Uwe 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungJe nach Anwendungsfall können bei der Ladung von Elektrofahrzeugen sehr unterschiedliche Technologien zum Einsatz kommen. Abb. 24.1 zeigt eine Übersicht der gängigen Anwendungsszenarien sowie der zugehörigen Technologien. Bei der Ladung zu Hause kommen langsame AC-Ladungen mit typischerweise bis zu 11 kW zum Einsatz, die auf vergleichsweise schlanke Systeme ohne viele IT-Schnittstellen setzen. Im öffentlichen Raum werden an AC-Ladern hingegen mittelgroße Leistungen von 11 kW oder 22 kW abgegeben. Diese Installationen müssen außerdem über verschiedene Kommunikations- und Authentifizierungsmöglichkeiten verfügen. DC-Schnelllader mit Ladeleistungen oberhalb von 50 kW sind aufgrund der hohen Leistungen generell deutlich teurer und erfordern ähnliche IT-Standards wie auch die AC-Lader. Die verschiedenen in Abb. 24.1 dargestellten technischen Komponenten werden in den folgenden Unterkapiteln genauer beleuchtet.
Netzintegration
Authors: Vertgewall Chris Martin , Wehbring Niklas , Ulbig Andreas 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungVor allem aufgrund der laufenden Energiewende unterliegt die Energieversorgung in Deutschland seit der Jahrtausendwende einem stetigen Wandel. Konventionelle Kraftwerke werden durch klimafreundlichere Alternativen ersetzt, so dass mittlerweile die installierte Erzeugungsleistung von Windkraft- und Photovoltaikanlagen diejenige von Kohle-, Gas- und Kernkraftwerken deutlich übersteigt. Durch die mit dem Ziel der Dekarbonisierung betriebene Elektrifizierung des Wärme- und Mobilitätssektors beeinflussen neuartige Lasten wie E-Fahrzeuge oder Wärmepumpen zunehmend den elektrischen Energiebedarf.
Wertschöpfungspotenziale entlang der elektromobilen Wertschöpfungskette
Authors: Kasperk Garnet , Fluchs Sarah , Hausmann Julius 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungDas starke Wachstum der Elektromobilität aus der jüngeren Vergangenheit wird sich auch in den kommenden Jahren bis 2030 fortsetzen. Abb. 33.1 gibt einen Überblick zur Entwicklung der Verkaufszahlen von Automobilen, sortiert nach Antriebsart. Zu erkennen ist, dass die Folgen des Corona-Pandemie-Schocks bereits im Jahr 2021 insofern überwunden sind, als dass ein Wachstum in allen Antriebssegmenten zu erwarten war. 2024 soll der gesamte Fahrzeugmarkt – vorbehaltlich anderer weltweit bedeutsamer Entwicklungen – wieder sein Vorkrisenniveau erreichen. Für die Zeit ab dem Jahr 2026 wird prognostiziert, dass die Anzahl der verkauften Fahrzeuge mit Verbrennungsmotor zurückgeht, im Gegenzug jedoch die Verkaufszahlen für BEV und PHEV weiterhin so stark steigen, dass die Zahl der Gesamtverkäufe weiterwächst. Für 2030 wird erwartet, dass insgesamt 31,2 Mio. Elektrofahrzeuge verkauft werden. Bei einem Gesamtmarkt von knapp 100 Mio. Autos entspricht dies einem Marktanteil von rund 35 %. Insgesamt wird für das kommende Jahrzehnt eine durchschnittliche jährliche Wachstumsrate von 29 % prognostiziert.
Geschäftsmodelle der Elektromobilität
Authors: Kasperk Garnet , Fluchs Sarah , Hausmann Julius 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungSowohl die Elektrifizierung des Antriebsstrangs als auch die mit der Vernetzung des Fahrzeugs erweiterten Dienstleistungsangebote eröffnen Automobilproduzenten, Energieversorgern, IT-Unternehmen und Start-up-Betrieben aus verschiedenen Bereichen die Möglichkeit, durch erweiterte und neue Geschäftsmodelle zusätzliche Wertschöpfungspotenziale zu erschließen. Unternehmen der Zulieferindustrie und der Energieversorgung weiten ihr Angebotsportfolio meist im Rahmen bestehender Geschäftsmodelle upstream und downstream aus, um ihren Anteil an Wertschöpfungspotenzialen zu erhöhen. Automobilproduzenten entwickeln parallel zu – und in Verbindung mit – ihren bestehenden Geschäftsmodellen neue Wege zur Bedienung von Kundennutzen, um zusätzliche Wertschöpfungspotenziale des in Transformation befindlichen Mobilitätssektors zu erschließen (Abb. 35.1).