bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microwave treatment effect on functional and pasting properties, and storage stability of white finger millet
Authors: Ananthu R. , Buvaneswaran Malini , Meena L. , Sunil C. K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMicrowave (MW) treatment is a promising technique in cereal processing to improve nutritional quality. The present study investigated the effect of MW power level and exposure time on white finger millet flour (WFMF). Nine different MW treatment combinations were taken based on power level (720 W, 840 W, and 900 W), and exposure time (2 min, 4 min, and 6 min), after the MW treatment the flours are stored at 45°C for 15 days for storage study. The physicochemical, functional, pasting properties, and storage stability of the treated flours were analyzed. According to the results of the study, MW power level and exposure time significantly (p < 0.05) affected the color, swelling power, and water and oil absorption index. The MW treatment reduces the free fatty acid (FFA) and peak viscosity of the samples. The storage study for up to 15 days reveals the changes in color, FFA, and pasting properties of the sample. During storage, the change in FFA content was higher in control untreated flour (CF) than MW treated samples. Due to the structural changes in the starch molecules, the viscosity of MW treated samples was reduced drastically than the CF sample. Results denote that both MW power level and exposure time had a significant effect to alter the functionality and storage stability of WFMF.Practical ApplicationsWhite finger millet (WFM) is the major raw material used for numerous cereal‐based products. Microwave (MW) treatments are a novel and promising technology used in cereal processing. A study on changes in finger millet properties under MW treatment helps to improve/alter the functional properties of millet flour, which can be used in new product development. Based on the study, MW treatment significantly improves storage stability by reducing the free fatty acid content, so MW treatment can be used to maintain the quality of the WFM during the storage period to minimize storage losses.
How do valence and meaning interact? The contribution of semantic control
Authors: Souter Nicholas E. , Reddy Ariyana , Walker Jake , Marino Dávolos Julián , Jefferies Elizabeth 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe hub‐and‐spoke model of semantic cognition proposes that conceptual representations in a heteromodal ‘hub’ interact with and emerge from modality‐specific features or ‘spokes’, including valence (whether a concept is positive or negative), along with visual and auditory features. As a result, valence congruency might facilitate our ability to link words conceptually. Semantic relatedness may similarly affect explicit judgements about valence. Moreover, conflict between meaning and valence may recruit semantic control processes. Here we tested these predictions using two‐alternative forced‐choice tasks, in which participants matched a probe word to one of two possible target words, based on either global meaning or valence. Experiment 1 examined timed responses in healthy young adults, while Experiment 2 examined decision accuracy in semantic aphasia patients with impaired controlled semantic retrieval following left hemisphere stroke. Across both experiments, semantically related targets facilitated valence matching, while related distractors impaired performance. Valence congruency was also found to facilitate semantic decision‐making. People with semantic aphasia showed impaired valence matching and had particular difficulty when semantically related distractors were presented, suggesting that the selective retrieval of valence information relies on semantic control processes. Taken together, the results are consistent with the hypothesis that automatic access to the global meaning of written words affects the processing of valence, and that the valence of words is also retrieved even when this feature is task‐irrelevant, affecting the efficiency of global semantic judgements.
The influence of dyad sex combination on patient self‐care and caregiver contribution to self‐care in multiple chronic conditions: An observational study
Authors: De Maria Maddalena , Erba Ilaria , Ferro Federico , Ausili Davide , Matarese Maria , Vellone Ercole 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionWe know that patient and caregiver sex influence patient self‐care and caregiver contribution to self‐care in multiple chronic conditions. However, the role of dyad sex combination (e.g., male patient and female caregiver, female patient and male caregiver, male patient and caregiver, and female patient and caregiver) in influencing patient self‐care and caregiver contribution to self‐care remains unexplored. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between patient and caregiver sex combination and patient self‐care and caregiver contribution to self‐care in multiple chronic conditions.DesignMulticentre cross‐sectional study.MethodsWe enrolled patients with multiple chronic conditions and caregiver dyads in outpatient and community settings from April 2017 to December 2019. We used the Self‐Care of Chronic Illness Inventory and the Caregiver Contribution to Self‐Care of Chronic Illness Inventory that measure, from the patient and caregiver perspective, self‐care maintenance (i.e., behaviors to maintain illness stability), self‐care monitoring (i.e., monitoring of illness signs and symptoms), and self‐care management (i.e., behaviors to manage signs and symptoms). We used multivariate analysis of covariance to evaluate the association between sex and self‐care and caregiver contribution to self‐care.ResultsWe recruited 540 patient–caregiver dyads. Male patients cared by female caregivers performed higher self‐care maintenance compared to female patients cared by female caregivers. Female caregivers caring for female patients performed higher caregiver contribution to self‐care monitoring compared to male caregivers caring for female or male patients.ConclusionsClinicians should consider the influence of patient and caregiver sex combination on self‐care and caregiver contribution to self‐care in multiple chronic conditions to provide tailored interventions.Clinical RelevanceHealthcare professionals should consider the patient and caregiver sex combination in the dyad to tailor better interventions aimed at improving patient self‐care and caregiver contribution to self‐care in multiple chronic conditions.
Instruments measuring practitioner performance of the complete examination and screening of neonates: A systematic review
Authors: Greene Liz M , Hegarty Josephine , O'Connell Rhona , Connaughton Breda , Coveney Kate , Hardie Philip , Horton Sally , Szafranska Marcelina , Murphy Margaret 
Published: April 2023

AimThe complete examination and screening of the neonate is a recommended assessment of neonatal well‐being conducted by appropriately trained medical, midwifery and nursing personnel at specific intervals during the first 6‐week post‐birth. Our aim was to identify and critically evaluate instruments that measure practitioner performance of this important assessment of neonatal health.MethodsUsing the COnsensus‐based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) methodology, a systematic review was undertaken.ResultsFour studies were identified as suitable for data extraction and analysis. This paper briefly describes the four instruments, discusses and compares the COSMIN analysis and ratings of each instrument. A recommendation for the instrument identified as the most suitable to measure practitioner performance is provided.ConclusionMost instruments were designed by educators to measure the performance of practitioners developing competence in the complete examination and screening of the neonate. Further development and piloting of instruments designed to measure the performance and continuing competence of qualified practitioners of the newborn examination are required.
Room air versus 100% oxygen for delivery room resuscitation of preterm neonates in low resource settings: A randomised, blinded, controlled trial
Authors: Liyakat Nishath A , Kumar Praveen , Sundaram Venkataseshan 
Published: April 2023

AimInternational Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR‐2020) report recommend starting delivery room resuscitation of all preterm neonates of <35 weeks' gestation with 21–30% oxygen. However, the correct initial oxygen concentration for resuscitation of preterm neonates in delivery room is inconclusive. In this blinded, randomised, controlled trial, we compared room air with 100% oxygen for oxidative stress and clinical outcomes in delivery room resuscitation of preterm neonates.MethodsPreterm neonates 28–33 weeks' gestation requiring positive pressure ventilation at birth were randomly allocated to room air or 100% oxygen. Investigators, outcome assessors and data analysts were blinded. Rescue 100% oxygen was used whenever trial gas failed (need for positive pressure ventilation >60 s or chest compression). Primary outcome: Plasma 8‐isoprostane levels at 4 h of age. Secondary outcomes: mortality by discharge, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity and neurological status at 40 weeks post‐menstrual age. All subjects were followed till discharge. Intention to treat analysis was carried out.ResultsA total of 124 neonates were randomised to room air (n = 59) or 100% oxygen (n = 65). Isoprostane level at 4 h was similar in both the groups (median (interquartile range): 280 (180–430) vs. 250 (173–360) pg/mL, P = 0.47). No difference was observed in mortality and other clinical outcomes. Room air group had higher treatment failures (27 (46%) vs. 16 (25%); relative risk (RR) 1.9 (1.1–3.1)) and took longer time to establish regular respiration (230 ± 231 vs. 182 ± 261, mean difference = 48 (40, 136) seconds).ConclusionsIn preterm neonates 28–33 weeks' gestation requiring resuscitation in the delivery room, room air (21%) is not the correct concentration to initiate resuscitation. Larger controlled trials involving multiple centres in low‐ and middle‐income countries are immediately required for a conclusive answer.
Evaluation of product bioequivalence when subject blood volume necessitates limited sampling strategies
Authors: Martinez Marilyn N. , Gao Shasha 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn a traditional blood level bioequivalence (BE) study, every subject provides drug concentrations at each blood sampling time. However, this approach is not suitable for animals whose blood volume limits or prohibits multiple sample collections. In our previous research, we presented an approach that can be applied to studies using a destructive sampling design where each animal provides only 1 blood sample that is then incorporated into a composite profile. Another situation we sometimes face is that of when the animals can contribute more than one sample but are still limited in the number of blood draws (e.g., 3) such that a complete profile per animal is not feasible. Unlike the destructive sampling situation, we cannot combine all blood samples into a single “composite” profile and ignore the correlation of values obtained from the same subject. To avoid the complexities associated with needing to include a covariance component among experimental units into the statistical model, we propose an approach whereby study subjects are randomly assigned to housing unit (e.g., cage or pen) and then randomly assigned to a sampling schedule within each housing unit. In doing so, housing unit rather than the individual subject serves as the experimental unit. This article provides an assessment of this alternative approach to assess product BE when only a limited number of samples can be obtained per study subject.
The efficacy of antibiotic and alpha‐blocker combination therapy versus antibiotic monotherapy in chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: A systematic review
Authors: Widia Fina , Atmoko Widi , Agung Natanael Parningotan , Rahardjo Harrina Erlianti , Rasyid Nur , Birowo Ponco , Taher Akmal 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study attempted to explore the efficacy of a combination of alpha‐blockers and antibiotics compared with antibiotic monotherapy in patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS).MethodsWe searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane/CENTRAL, EBSCOHost/CINAHL, ProQuest, and Scopus on January 2020. Randomized controlled trials comparing antibiotic monotherapy with combination therapy of antibiotics and alpha‐blockers in CP/CPPS patients lasting at least 4 weeks were included. The study eligibility assessment, data extraction, and study quality assessment were carried out by each author independently and in duplication.ResultsA total of six low‐ to high‐quality studies with 396 patients were included in the study. Two reviews reported lower National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH‐CPSI) total scores in the monotherapy arm at Week 6. Only one study reported otherwise. On Day 90, the NIH‐CPSI score was found to be lower in the combination group. In the pain, urinary, and quality‐of‐life domain, most studies agree that combination therapy is not superior to monotherapy. However, on Day 90, all domains were found to be lower in the combination therapy. Responder rates were found to vary between studies. Only four out of six studies reported a response rate. Responder rates were lower in the combination group at 6 weeks of observation. On Day 90, responder rates were found to be better in the combination group.ConclusionsThe combination therapy of antibiotics and alpha‐blockers is not substantially better than antibiotic monotherapy in the first 6 weeks of treatment for CP/CPPS patients. This might not be applicable to a longer duration of treatment.
Estimation of feeding strategies of spotted seals (Phoca largha) migrating to three regions in Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Takano Nobumichi , Kanaiwa Minoru , Kobayashi Mari 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo understand the current feeding habits of spotted seals, this study estimates feeding strategies based on region, season, growth stage, and sex through the results of stomach content analyses, and compares its findings with feeding habits of the past. As a result of permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA), region, season, growth stage, and sex were detected as significant. Non‐metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS), hierarchical cluster analysis, and the growth stages were categorized into age classes: Age 0 to age 4 years were classified as young, and age 5 and older were classified as adult. For the seasons, November and December were classified as winter, and February to May was classified as spring. And clustering with flexible mixture modeling, samples were divided into eight feeding strategies. In Rebun, the feeding strategy consisting of Octopodidae species showed a high total energy value and appeared at a high occurrence rate for both young and adult. In Saroma, Osmeridae species in winter and Clupeidae species in spring showed a high proportion. Both Osmeridae and Clupeidae species showed a high proportion in both seasons, all growth stages, and both sexes. In Rausu, adult was particularly dominant in Alaska pollock (Gadus chalcogramma) in spring, while young appeared at a high rate in Ammodytidae species. The present study has shown that seals have become particularly dependent on fish in all layers of the marine environment. In addition to drastic changes in their environment, the increase in the number of individuals of a competing species that is Steller sea lions in Rebun, and a decrease in fishery resources have made it impossible for spotted seals to take advantage of their high‐energy feeding strategy mainly composed of Alaska pollock both Rebun and Rausu. As a result, regional differences in feeding strategies for both Rebun and Rausu have become more clearly differentiated than in the past, and the seals have flexibly changed their feeding strategies to accommodate the availability of prey species in their particular region. This study has succeeded in accurately classifying the feeding strategies of spotted seals in three disparate regions of Hokkaido and has revealed significant temporal and regional differences.
Equilibria of time‐inconsistent stopping for one‐dimensional diffusion processes
Authors: Bayraktar Erhan , Wang Zhenhua , Zhou Zhou 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe consider three equilibrium concepts proposed in the literature for time‐inconsistent stopping problems, including mild equilibria (introduced in Huang and Nguyen‐Huu (2018)), weak equilibria (introduced in Christensen and Lindensjö (2018)), and strong equilibria (introduced in Bayraktar et al. (2021)). The discount function is assumed to be log subadditive and the underlying process is one‐dimensional diffusion. We first provide necessary and sufficient conditions for the characterization of weak equilibria. The smooth‐fit condition is obtained as a by‐product. Next, based on the characterization of weak equilibria, we show that an optimal mild equilibrium is also weak. Then we provide conditions under which a weak equilibrium is strong. We further show that an optimal mild equilibrium is also strong under a certain condition. Finally, we provide several examples including one showing a weak equilibrium may not be strong, and another one showing a strong equilibrium may not be optimal mild.
Isolation by resistance explains genetic diversity in theArremonbrushfinches of northern Mesoamerica
Authors: Moreno‐Contreras Israel , Llanes‐Quevedo Alexander , Sánchez‐González Luis A. , Arizmendi María del Coro , Navarro‐Sigüenza Adolfo G. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGenetic differentiation between and within natural populations is the result of the joint effects of neutral and adaptative processes. In addition, the spatial arrangement of the landscape promotes connectivity or creates barriers to gene flow, directly affecting speciation processes. In this study, we carried out a landscape genomics analysis using NextRAD data from a montane forest specialist bird complex, the Mesoamerican Chestnut‐capped/Green‐striped Brushfinch of the genusArremon. Specifically, we examined population genomic structure using different assignment methods and genomic differentiation and diversity, and we tested alternative genetic isolation hypotheses at the individual level (e.g., isolation by barrier, IBB; isolation by environment, IBE; isolation by resistance, IBR). We found well‐delimited genomic structuring (K = 5) across Mesoamerican montane forests in the studied group. Individual‐level genetic distances among major montane ranges were mainly explained by IBR hypotheses in this sedentary Neotropical taxon. Our results uncover genetic distances/differentiation and patterns of gene flow in allopatric species that support the role of tropical mountains as spatial landscape drivers of biodiversity. IBR clearly supports a pattern of conserved niche‐tracking of suitable habitat conditions and topographic complexity throughout glacial‐interglacial dynamics.
Forgiveness and the Novelty of Christian Ethics
Authors: Errington Andrew 
Published: April 2023

AbstractChristian faith, and particularly Christian Ethics, must wrestle with the questions of novelty and continuity posed by Scripture's declaration that a new thing has occurred with the advent of Jesus Christ. The contrasting perspectives on the Law by Thomas Aquinas and Herman Bavinck focus these questions and suggest that forgiveness is an important point of reference for answering them. The importance of forgiveness in Christ's moral teaching suggests that Christian Ethics is marked out by a distinctive awareness of time. The impact of this reorganisation is already apparent in many places in the New Testament, including the posture we see taken towards political authority.
Effects of treatment cessation and re‐treatment in randomized controlled trials of prucalopride in patients with chronic idiopathic constipation
Authors: Hinson Jimmy , Achenbach Heinrich , Terreri Brian , Boules Mena 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrucalopride is a selective, high‐affinity serotonin type 4 receptor agonist approved for the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) in adults. We investigated the impact of prucalopride cessation and re‐treatment on efficacy and safety.MethodsData were from two randomized controlled trials in adults with CIC. In a dose‐finding trial, complete spontaneous bowel movements (CSBMs) and treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were assessed during a 4‐week run‐out period after a 4‐week treatment period (TP; prucalopride 0.5–4 mg once daily or placebo). In a re‐treatment trial, CSBMs and TEAEs were assessed during two 4‐week TPs (prucalopride 4 mg once daily or placebo) separated by a 2‐ or 4‐week washout period.Key ResultsIn the dose‐finding trial (N = 234; 43–48 patients/group), mean CSBMs/week and the proportion of responders (≥3 CSBMs/week) were higher with prucalopride than placebo during the TP, but similar in all groups 1–4 weeks after treatment cessation. TEAEs were less frequent following treatment cessation. In the re‐treatment trial (efficacy analyses: prucalopride, n = 189; placebo, n = 205), the proportion of responders was similar in both TPs and significantly higher (p ≤ 0.001) with prucalopride (TP1, 38.6%; TP2, 36.0%) than placebo (TP1, 10.7%; TP2, 11.2%). Most patients who responded to prucalopride in TP1 responded again in TP2 (71.2%). TEAEs were less frequent in TP2 than TP1.Conclusions and InferencesPrucalopride cessation resulted in a loss of clinical effect to baseline levels within 7 days. Similar efficacy and safety were observed between TP1 and TP2 after prucalopride was re‐initiated following a washout period.
Prevalence and description of disorders of gut–brain interaction in Spain according to the results of the Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study
Authors: Flores‐Arriaga Joel , Aso María C. , Izagirre Arantzazu , Sperber Ami D. , Palsson Olafur S. , Bangdiwala Shrikant I. , Lanas Ángel , Bujanda Luis , Lobo Beatriz , Alonso‐Cotoner Carmen , Sánchez‐Pla Álex , Santos Javier 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundData for Spain from the Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study on the disorders of gut–brain interaction (DGBI) were used to assess the national and regional prevalence of all 22 DGBI, the percentage of respondents meeting diagnostic criteria for at least one DGBI, and the impact on burden of disease in our country.MethodsData were collected through an anonymous, nationwide, and secure Internet survey with multiple built‐in quality‐assurance techniques that included the Rome IV diagnostic questionnaire and an in‐depth supplemental questionnaire.Key ResultsThe survey was completed by 2072 adult Spanish participants (50.2% female) with a mean age of 45.67 ± 15.44 years with a good representative national distribution. 43.6% (41.5%–45.8%) met diagnostic criteria for at least one DGBI, with 8.2% for any esophageal disorder, 12.1% for any gastroduodenal disorder, 30.1% for any bowel disorder, and 11.5% for any anorectal disorder. Functional constipation was the most prevalent DGBI in Spain (12.8%). We found that proctalgia fugax (9.3%), unspecified bowel disorders (10.8%), and functional dysphagia (5.6%) showed unexplained high rates in our country. DGBI rates were higher for women. Having any DGBI was negatively associated with psychosocial variables (including quality of life, somatization, and concern about digestive problems), and associated with increased healthcare utilization.Conclusions & InferencesWe provide the first comprehensive data on the prevalence and burden of all DGBI in Spain using the Rome IV criteria. The enormous burden of DGBI in Spain highlights the need for specialized training and future research.