bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aircraft observations on a continuous haze pollution event in Shijiazhuang area
Authors: Zhou Xuesi , Sun Xiaoshen , Yang Yang , Zhang Xiaorui , Huang Zhaochu , Cui Yi , Huang Yi 
Published: January 2023

A continuous haze event was recorded on November 14th∼17th, 2020 over Shijiazhuang. Two flights of King-air 350 meteorological research aircraft were performed on November 14th and 16th for the retrieval and observations of meteorological elements, aerosols, and black carbon. In this study, we combined airborne data with air pollution data (PM2.5), ground meteorological data, and ERA-5 reanalysis data to describe the vertical distribution of aerosols (namely 0.1–3.0 μm) and black carbon. We further explicated the formation of this haze event. PM2.5 pollution dominated this haze event, and the highest concentration of PM2.5 was 209 μg/m3. The intensity and height of thermal layers highly linked with the vertical transport of pollution. The highest number concentration of aerosols and black carbon was found below the thermal layers on both airborne sounding days. On the 14th, both BC and aerosol concentrations showed unimodal distribution, and the highest concentrations of BC and aerosols were 12683 ng/m3 and 6965.125#/L at 250 m within layer Ⅰ. The intensity of the thermal layer near-ground was weaker on the 16th that the number concentrations of BC and aerosols also remained at high levels in layer Ⅱ. Backward trajectories of air mass indicated the long-range transport of pollution contributed to the high level of pollution on the 16th. Vapor conditions were more favorable for aerosols growth through moisture absorption. The maximum concentration of 943.58#/L was recorded at particles with a diameter of 0.4 μm on the 16th, while 749.26#/L was reached at 0.14 μm on the 14th. The corresponding height was consistent with the height of maximum concentration in the vertical distribution.
Accuracy evaluation on five non-linear methods for fault parameter inversion of different-type fault earthquakes
Authors: Jin Xibo , Luo Gang , Zhao Wentao 
Published: January 2023

Accurate inversion of seismic fault parameters has been a challenge in the studies of geophysical non-linear inversion problems. Many non-linear methods such as Simulated Annealing (SA), Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Multipeaks Particle Swarm Optimization (MPSO), have usually been applied to inverse the fault parameters from geodetic observation data. However, their accuracy and availability can vary from different-type fault earthquakes (pure strike-slip, pure dip-slip fault, oblique-slip fault earthquakes). In order to evaluate the accuracy and availability of these non-linear methods on inversion for fault parameters of different-type fault earthquakes, we applied the SA, GA, PSO, MPSO methods and a new non-linear method—Black Hole Particle Swarm Optimization (BHPSO), to inverse fault parameters of different-type earthquakes from synthetic and observed GPS and InSAR data. We found that the MPSO and BHPSO performed better than SA, GA, and PSO for inversion from both the synthetic and observed data. The synthetic data simulation results showed that the Root-Mean-Square Errors (RMSEs) of MPSO and BHPSO methods were 0.01–0.06 m, smaller than those of SA, GA and PSO. We then applied these five methods to inverse fault parameters of two real earthquakes—the 2020 Nevada Mw 6.4 earthquake and 2021 Maduo Mw 7.4 earthquake, from observed GPS and InSAR data. We found that the RMSEs of MPSO and BHPSO were 0.005–0.195 m, also smaller than those of SA, GA, and PSO, and the MPSO and BHPSO performed better than SA, GA, and PSO. The results in this study demonstrated that the MPSO and BHPSO, can hold high accuracy and availability for inversion of fault parameters of different-type fault earthquakes.
Spatially correlated Vs30 estimation in the Beijing area
Authors: Liu Wenxin , Peng Yanjv , Wang Jingjing 
Published: January 2023

Beijing is an international metropolis, that is also an earthquake-prone city. The aims of this study are detailed quantifying and qualifying soil layer properties for an accurate seismic safety evaluation in the Beijing area. The time average shear-wave velocity in the first 30 m of subsoil, Vs30, is an important site parameter used in site response analysis, site classification, and seismic loss estimation. Mapping of Vs30over a city-scaled region is commonly done through proxy-based methods by correlating Vs30with geological or topographic information. In this paper, a geostatistical-based random field model is presented and applied to mapping Vs30over extended areas. This random field model is then coupled with Monte Carlo simulations to obtain an averaged Vs30map and its associated uncertainties. Unlike the traditional deterministic prediction model, this framework accounts for spatial variations of Vs30values and uncertainties, which makes the prediction more reliable. A total of 388 shear wave velocity measurements in the Beijing area are used to calculate Vs30values, from which the statistical and spatial properties for the random field realizations are inferred. New spatially correlated probabilistic Vs30maps for the Beijing area are then represented, and the effect of the maximum number of previously generated elements to correlate to in estimating Vs30maps is tested.
Diabetic retinopathy risk in patients with unhealthy lifestyle: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Su Zixuan , Wu Zhixin , Liang Xueqing , Xie Meng , Xie Jia , Li Huiqing , Wang Xinghua , Jiang Fagang 
Published: January 2023

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the causal association between unhealthy lifestyle factors and diabetic retinopathy (DR) risk and to determine better interventions targeting these modifiable unhealthy factors.DesignTwo-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed in this study. The inverse variance-weighted method was used as the primary method.MethodOur study included 687 single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with unhealthy lifestyle factors as instrumental variables. Aggregated data on individual-level genetic information were obtained from the corresponding studies and consortia. A total of 292,622,3 cases and 739,241,18 variants from four large consortia (MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit [MRC-IEU], Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits [GIANT], GWAS &amp; Sequencing Consortium of Alcohol and Nicotine Use [GSCAN], and Neale Lab) were included.ResultIn the MR analysis, a higher body mass index (BMI) (odds ratio [OR], 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.42, 1.30–1.54; P &lt; 0.001] and cigarettes per day (OR, 95% CI = 1.16, 1.05–1.28; P = 0.003) were genetically predicted to be causally associated with an increased risk of DR, while patients with higher hip circumference (HC) had a lower risk of DR (OR, 95% CI = 0.85, 0.76–0.95; P = 0.004). In the analysis of subtypes of DR, the results of BMI and HC were similar to those of DR, whereas cigarettes per day were only related to proliferative DR (PDR) (OR, 95% CI = 1.18, 1.04–1.33; P = 0.009). In the MR-PRESSO analysis, a higher waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was a risk factor for DR and PDR (OR, 95% CI = 1.24, 1.02–1.50, P = 0.041; OR, 95% CI = 1.32, 1.01–1.73, P = 0.049) after removing the outliers. Furthermore, no pleiotropy was observed in these exposures.ConclusionOur findings suggest that higher BMI, WHR, and smoking are likely to be causal factors in the development of DR, whereas genetically higher HC is associated with a lower risk of DR, providing insights into a better understanding of the etiology and prevention of DR.
The effectiveness and safety of prophylactic central neck dissection in clinically node-negative papillary thyroid carcinoma patients: A meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Yao , Xiao Yibo , Pan Yan , Yang Shuhao , Li Kainan , Zhao Wei , Hu Xulin 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveThis meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of prophylactic central neck dissection (PCND) in patients with clinically node-negative (cN0) papillary thyroid carcinoma.Materials and methodsA meta-analysis of the literature was performed using the key words “papillary thyroid carcinomas” and “lymph node ecisions” for searches of electronic databases. Complications such as transient hypocalcemia, permanent hypocalcemia, transient and permanent hypoparathyroidism, transient and permanent vocal cord paralysis, transient recurrent and permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, and local recurrence were pooled by meta-analysis. Stata17.0 was used to carry out the meta-analysis.ResultsData were extracted from 15 studies. In the present review, the group of patients who had total thyroidectomy (TT) with PCND had a lower local recurrence than the group with TT alone (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.10-0.45, P = 0.000), whereas the incidence of permanent hypocalcemia (OR 4.24, 95% CI 1.05-17.22, P = 0.043) and transient hypoparathyroidism (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.34-3.42, P =0.001) were higher. No significant differences were recorded in the incidence of other complications: transient hypocalcemia (OR 2.24, 95% CI 0.77-6.51, P = 0.138), permanent hypoparathyroidism (OR 1.70, 95% CI 0.89-3.27, P = 0.111), transient vocal cord paralysis (OR 1.48, 95% CI 0.78-2.83, P = 0.231), permanent vocal cord paralysis (OR 1.44, 95% CI 0.53-3.94, P = 0.477), transient recurrent laryngeal nerve injury (OR 1.47, 95% CI 0.93-2.32, P = 0.102) and permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve injury (OR 1.24, 95% CI 0.56-2.74, P = 0.587) between the two groups.ConclusionCompared with TT alone, TT with PCND was more effective in reducing local recurrence without increasing the risk of recurrent laryngeal nerve, thyroid and vocal cord, except for hypocalcemia and transient hypoparathyroidism. Therefore, we believe that TT with PCND should be recommended for patients with cN0 PTC.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD4202 2355078.
Can the green credit policy stimulate green innovation of heavily polluting enterprises in China?
Authors: Xiong Xiaojuan , Masron Tajul Ariffin , Gondo Tutik Wiryanti 
Published: January 2023

Introduction: The requirement for more funds has been a significant challenge for China’s heavily polluting enterprises (HPEs) to embark on green innovation.Methods: This study takes China’s 2012 Green Credit Guidelines (GCGs) as a quasi-natural experiment to examine their effect on the quality and quantity of green innovation in HPEs. Using the data of Chinese listed companies from 2007 to 2020 and the difference-in-differences (DID) model.Results: We found that the Green Credit Guidelines could significantly improve the number of enterprises’ green innovation but not their quality.Discussion: As part of the potential solutions, this study proposes 1) the implementation of specific green fiscal policies to complement the existing green credit policies by the government, 2) a more comprehensive range of green financing products by financial institutions, and 3) the active development of funding from non-bank sources, such as venture capital or commercial credit.
Case report: A novel de novo loss of function variant in the DNA-binding domain of TBX2 causes severe osteochondrodysplasia
Authors: Rafeeq Misbahuddin M. , Murad Hussam Aly Sayed , Najumuddin  , Ullah Samee , Ahmed Zaheer , Alam Qamre , Bilal Muhammad , Habib Alaa Hamed , Sain Ziaullah M. , Khan Muhammad Jawad , Umair Muhammad 
Published: January 2023

Background: T-box family members are transcription factors characterized by highly conserved residues corresponding to the DNA-binding domain known as the T-box. TBX2 has been implicated in several developmental processes, such as coordinating cell fate, patterning, and morphogenesis of a wide range of tissues and organs, including lungs, limbs, heart, kidneys, craniofacial structures, and mammary glands.Methods: In the present study, we have clinically and genetically characterized a proband showing a severe form of chondrodysplasia with developmental delay. Whole-exome sequencing (WES), Sanger sequencing, and 3D protein modeling were performed in the present investigation.Results: Whole-exome sequencing revealed a novel nonsense variant (c.529A&gt;T; p.Lys177*; NM_005994.4) in TBX2. 3D-TBX2 protein modeling revealed a substantial reduction of the mutated protein, which might lead to a loss of function (LOF) or nonsense-mediated decay (NMD).Conclusion: This study has not only expanded the mutation spectrum in the gene TBX2 but also facilitated the diagnosis and genetic counseling of related features in affected families.
Employing machine learning using ferroptosis-related genes to construct a prognosis model for patients with osteosarcoma
Authors: Huang Hui , Ye Zhifang , Li Zhengzhao , Wang Bo , Li Ke , Zhou Kai , Cao Huiyuan , Zheng Jiaxuan , Wang Guangji 
Published: January 2023

Identifying effective biomarkers in osteosarcoma (OS) is important for predicting prognosis. We investigated the prognostic value of ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) in OS. Transcriptome and clinical data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus. FRGs were obtained from the ferroptosis database. Univariate COX regression and LASSO regression screening were performed and an FRG-based prognostic model was constructed, which was validated using the Gene Expression Omnibus cohort. The predictive power of the model was assessed via a subgroup analysis. A nomogram was constructed using clinical markers with independent prognostic significance and risk score results. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to detect the correlation between prognostic genes and 22 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. The expression of prognostic genes in erastin-treated OS cell lines was verified via real-time PCR. Six prognostic FRGs (ACSL5, ATF4, CBS, CDO1, SCD, and SLC3A2) were obtained and used to construct the risk prognosis model. Subjects were divided into high- and low-risk groups. Prognosis was worse in the high-risk group, and the model had satisfactory prediction performance for patients younger than 18 years, males, females, and those with non-metastatic disease. Univariate COX regression analysis showed that metastasis and risk score were independent risk factors for patients with OS. Nomogram was built on independent prognostic factors with superior predictive power and patient benefit. There was a significant correlation between prognostic genes and tumor immunity. Six prognostic genes were differentially expressed in ferroptosis inducer-treated OS cell lines. The identified prognostic genes can regulate tumor growth and progression by affecting the tumor microenvironment.
Investigating beaked whale’s regional habitat division and local density trends near the Deepwater Horizon oil spill site through acoustics
Authors: Li Kun , Sidorovskaia Natalia A. , Guilment Thomas , Tang Tingting , Tiemann Christopher O. , Griffin Sean 
Published: January 2023

Pre-spill and post-spill passive acoustic data collected by multiple fixed acoustic sensors monitoring about 2400 km2area to the west of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the northern Gulf of Mexico (GoM) were analyzed to understand long term local density trends and habitat use by different species of beaked whales. The data were collected in the Mississippi Valley/Canyon area between 2007 and 2017. A multistage algorithm based on unsupervised machine learning was developed to detect and classify different species of beaked whales and to derive species- and site-specific densities in different years before and after the oil spill. The results suggest that beaked whales continued to occupy and feed in these areas following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill thus raising concerns about (1) potential long-term effects of the spill on these species and (2) the habitat conditions after the spill. The average estimated local density of Cuvier’s beaked whales at the closest site, about 16 km away from the spill location showed statistically significant increase from July 2007 to September 2010, and then from September 2010 to 2015. This is the first acoustic study showing that Gervais’ beaked whales are predominantly present at the shallow site and that Cuvier’s species dominate at two deeper sites, supporting the habitat division (ecological niche) hypothesis. The findings call for continuing high-spatial-resolution long-term observations to fully characterize baseline beaked whale population and habitat use, to understand the causes of regional migrations, and to monitor the long-term impact of the spill.
High-fiber-diet-related metabolites improve neurodegenerative symptoms in patients with obesity with diabetes mellitus by modulating the hippocampal–hypothalamic endocrine axis
Authors: Luo Ning , Guo Yuejie , Peng Lihua , Deng Fangli 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveThrough transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, this study examined the role of high-fiber diet in obesity complicated by diabetes and neurodegenerative symptoms.MethodThe expression matrix of high-fiber-diet-related metabolites, blood methylation profile associated with pre-symptomatic dementia in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and high-throughput single-cell sequencing data of hippocampal samples from patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and through a literature search. Data were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) after quality control and data filtering to identify different cell clusters and candidate markers. A protein–protein interaction network was mapped using the STRING database. To further investigate the interaction among high-fiber-diet-related metabolites, methylation-related DEGs related to T2DM, and single-cell marker genes related to AD, AutoDock was used for semi-flexible molecular docking.ResultBased on GEO database data and previous studies, 24 marker genes associated with high-fiber diet, T2DM, and AD were identified. Top 10 core genes include SYNE1, ANK2, SPEG, PDZD2, KALRN, PTPRM, PTPRK, BIN1, DOCK9, and NPNT, and their functions are primarily related to autophagy. According to molecular docking analysis, acetamidobenzoic acid, the most substantially altered metabolic marker associated with a high-fiber diet, had the strongest binding affinity for SPEG.ConclusionBy targeting the SPEG protein in the hippocampus, acetamidobenzoic acid, a metabolite associated with high-fiber diet, may improve diabetic and neurodegenerative diseases in obese people.
First do no harm overlooked: Analysis of COVID-19 clinical guidance for maternal and newborn care from 101 countries shows breastfeeding widely undermined
Authors: Gribble Karleen , Cashin Jennifer , Marinelli Kathleen , Vu Duong Hoang , Mathisen Roger 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundIn March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) published clinical guidance for the care of newborns of mothers with COVID-19. Weighing the available evidence on SARS-CoV-2 infection against the well-established harms of maternal-infant separation, the WHO recommended maternal-infant proximity and breastfeeding even in the presence of maternal infection. Since then, the WHO’s approach has been validated by further research. However, early in the pandemic there was poor global alignment with the WHO recommendations.MethodsWe assessed guidance documents collected in November and December 2020 from 101 countries and two regional agencies on the care of newborns of mothers with COVID-19 for alignment with the WHO recommendations. Recommendations considered were: (1) skin-to-skin contact; (2) early initiation of breastfeeding; (3) rooming-in; (4) direct breastfeeding; (5) provision of expressed breastmilk; (6) provision of donor human milk; (7) wet nursing; (8) provision of breastmilk substitutes; (9) relactation; (10) psychological support for separated mothers; and (11) psychological support for separated infants.ResultsIn less than one-quarter of country guidance were the three key breastfeeding facilitation practices of skin-to-skin contact, rooming-in, and direct breastfeeding recommended. Donor human milk was recommended in under one-quarter of guidance. Psychological support for mothers separated from their infants was recommended in 38%. Few countries recommended relactation, wet nursing, or psychological support for infants separated from mothers. In three-quarters of country guidance, expressed breastmilk for infants unable to directly breastfeed was recommended. The WHO and the United Kingdom’s Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists were each cited by half of country guidance documents with the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention directly or indirectly cited by 40%.ConclusionDespite the WHO recommendations, many COVID-19 maternal and newborn care guidelines failed to recommend skin-to-skin contact, rooming-in, and breastfeeding as the standard of care. Irregular guidance updates and the discordant, but influential, guidance from the United States Centers for Disease Control may have been contributory. It appeared that once recommendations were made for separation or against breastfeeding they were difficult to reverse. In the absence of quality evidence on necessity, recommendations against breastfeeding should not be made in disease epidemics.
Could We Safely Avoid a Second Resection in Selected Patients With T1 Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer? Preliminary Results of Cost-Effectiveness Study From HUmanitas New Indications for ReTUR (HuNIRe) Multicenter Prospective Trial
Authors: Contieri Roberto , Lughezzani Giovanni , Buffi Nicolò Maria , Taverna Gianluigi , Giacobbe Alessandro , Micheli Emanuele , Barra Sabato , Colombo Piergiuseppe , Vanni Elena , Guazzoni Giorgio , Lazzeri Massimo , Hurle Rodolfo ,   HuNIRe Study Group
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to assess whether restaging transurethral resection (ReTUR) could be safely replaced with urine cytology (UC) and in-office fiexible cystoscopy in selected T1 non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).Materials and MethodsThis is an ongoing prospective multicenter trial enrolling patients diagnosed with T1 BC from 5 Italian centers. Patients with a macroscopically incomplete initial resection or absence of detrusor muscle were subjected to ReTUR according to European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines. Conversely, those with a complete tumor resection at initial TUR underwent UC at 3–4 weeks and in-office fiexible white-light and narrow-band cystoscopy at 4–6 weeks. In case of positive UC, or evidence of recurrence at cystoscopy, ReTUR was performed within 2 weeks. Otherwise, patients started Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) induction course without ReTUR. The primary endpoint was to determine the feasibility and the clinical utility of not performing ReTUR in selected T1 NMIBC patients. The secondary endpoint was to perform a cost–benefit analysis of this alternative approach.ResultsSince May 2020, among 87 patients presenting with T1, 76 patients were enrolled. Nineteen (25%) patients underwent standard ReTUR after initial resection, 10 (13.2%) due to the absence of the detrusor muscle and 9 (11.8%) due to a macroscopically incomplete initial TUR. Overall, 57 (75%) patients initially avoided immediate ReTUR and underwent UC plus in-office flexible cystoscopy. Among them, 38 (66.7%) had no evidence of residual disease and immediately started the BCG induction course. Nineteen patients (33.3%) underwent “salvage” ReTUR due to either positive UC (7; 12.3%) or suspicious cystoscopy (12; 21%). Considering only the patients who initially avoided the ReTUR, disease recurrence was observed in 10/57. The saving of resource for each safely avoided ReTUR was estimated to be 1,759 €. Considering the entire sample, we estimated a saving of 855 € per patient if compared with the EAU guideline approach.ConclusionThe preliminary results of our trial suggested that ReTUR might be safely avoided in highly selected T1 BC patients with a complete resection at first TUR. Longer follow-up and larger sample size are needed to investigate the long-term oncological outcomes of this alternative approach.