bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One versus two biological parents with mental disorders: Relationship to educational attainment in the next generation
Authors: Sidorchuk Anna , Brander Gustaf , Pérez-Vigil Ana , Crowley James J. , Larsson Henrik , Lichtenstein Paul , Mataix-Cols David , Nordsletten Ashley E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundBoth maternal and, separately, paternal mental illness are associated with diminished academic attainment among children. However, the differential impacts of diagnostic type and degree of parental burden (e.g. one v. both parents affected) on these functional outcomes are unknown.MethodsUsing the Swedish national patient (NPR) and multi-generation (MGR) registers, 2 226 451 children (1 290 157 parental pairs), born 1 January 1973–31 December 1997, were followed through 31 December 2013. Diagnostic status of all cohort members was defined for eleven psychiatric disorders, and families classed by exposure: (1) parents affected with any disorder, (2) parents affected with a disorder group (e.g. neuropsychiatric disorders), and (3) parents affected with a specific disorder (e.g. ADHD). Pairs were further defined as ‘unaffected,’ ‘single-affected,’, or ‘dual-affected.’ Among offspring, the study evaluated fulfillment of four academic milestones, from compulsory (primary) school through University (college). Sensitivity analyses considered the impact of child's own mental health, as well as parental education, on main effects.ResultsMarked reductions in the odds of achievement were observed, emerging at the earliest levels of schooling for both single-affected [adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 0.50; 95% CI 0.49–0.51] and dual-affected (aOR 0.29, 95% CI 0.28–0.30) pairs and persisting thereafter [aOR range (single), 0.52–0.65; aOR range (dual), 0.30–0.40]. This pattern was repeated for analyses within diagnosis/diagnostic group. Main results were robust to adjustment for offspring mental health and parent education level.ConclusionsParental mental illness is associated with profound reductions in educational attainment in the subsequent generation, with children from dual-affected families at uniquely high risk.
Marking and unmarking the (non)native speaker through English language proficiency requirements for university admission
Authors: Piller Ingrid , Bodis Agnes 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article examines the language ideologies undergirding university English language admission requirements. Universities are today caught between the order of the nation state and that of corporate globalization as they seek to attract both national and international students. This tension produces conflicting processes of (converse) racialization and linguistic (un)marking within which universities construct language proficiencies and ethnonational identities. Our study finds two categorically different constructs of English language proficiency (ELP): inherent ELP based on citizenship, linguistic heritage, and prior education, and tested ELP. These two constructs of ELP map onto two dichotomous student groups. One side of this binary—the white native-speaker citizen construct—is subject to converse racialization and unmarking. While it becomes blurred, it casts its Other into clear relief: the Asian non-native speaker non-citizen. The research has implications for critical language testing and language policies in higher education. (Citizenship, English as a global academic language, internationalization of higher education, international students, language ideologies, language testing, native speakerism, racialization, World Englishes)
Which Net Zero? Climate Justice and Net Zero Emissions
Authors: Armstrong Chris , McLaren Duncan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the target of reaching “net zero” emissions by 2050 has come to the forefront of global climate politics. Net zero would see carbon emissions matched by carbon removals and should allow the planet to avoid dangerous climate change. But the recent prominence of this goal should not distract from the fact that there are many possible versions of net zero. Each of them will have different climate justice implications, and some of them could have very negative consequences for the world's poor. This article demonstrates the many ambiguities of net zero, and argues in favor of a net zero strategy in which those who can reasonably bear the burden adopt early and aggressive mitigation policies. We also argue for a net zero strategy in which countries place the lion's share of their faith in known emissions reduction approaches, rather than being heavily reliant on as-yet-unproven “negative emissions techniques.” Our overarching goal is to put net zero in its place, by providing a clear-sighted view of what net zero will achieve, and where the “net” in net zero needs to be tightened further if the world is to achieve climate justice.
But Is It Good Enough? Jus ad Vim and the Danger of Perpetual War
Authors: Braun Christian Nikolaus 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this essay, I reflect on the divergent arguments about limited force made by Daniel R. Brunstetter and Samuel Moyn in their respective monographs. Arguing that their positions can be reconciled, I agree with Brunstetter that limited force has a role to play in establishing and maintaining a just world order. At the same time, however, I am mindful of Moyn's warning that limited force may lead to perpetual war. The way to ensure that limited force both works toward justice and does not result in perpetual war, I argue, is to focus more on considerations of jus ante bellum (right before war) and jus post bellum (right after war), the so-called “growing edges of just war theory.” I hold that the responsible use of statecraft, which just war thinking seeks to inform, accepts that limited force constitutes a legitimate tool to facilitate order, justice, and peace. However, any justifiable use of force must be restrained and limited and aim for a just peace. The embrace of limited force should thus be complemented with an effort by state leaders to bolster the edges of just war in order to facilitate a security environment that requires the use of limited force less frequently.
Cardiac anomalies in Axenfeld–Rieger syndrome
Authors: Valikodath Nishma , Johns James A. , Godown Justin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAxenfeld–Rieger syndrome is a rare multi-system disorder associated with cardiac anomalies. All patients with a diagnosis of Axenfeld–Rieger syndrome were identified from our electronic medical record. Chart review was performed to document the presence and types of CHD. Out of 58 patients, 14 (24.1%) had CHD and a wide variety of cardiac lesions were identified.
Nonmedical opioid use at the end of life: A tale of addiction and a last wish
Authors: Tang Michael , Arthur Joseph , Cooper Alexandra , Clark Matthew , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundNonmedical opioid use (NMOU) has been associated with opioid overdose deaths. This pattern of misuse can be seen in those using opioids for cancer-associated pain. We present a case that highlights the complexities associated with NMOU and a patient’s care at the end of life.Cases DescriptionA patient with a metastatic solid tumor malignancy along with co-occurring history of polysubstance abuse was admitted to an acute palliative and supportive care unit (APSCU). The patient demonstrated behaviors concerning for NMOU during her hospital stay but had increased symptom expression concerning for worsening dyspnea while in the APSCU. Unfortunately, she used home opioids, which was unknown to the team at the time along with requesting for higher doses of opioids that were being prescribed. This caused a worsening respiratory status and affected her care. Using an interdisciplinary approach, the providers managed her symptoms and discharged her safely to see her child.ConclusionThis highlights the complexities of the alleviation of suffering in those with NMOU. It is important to continue to manage NMOU at the end of life due to its effects on quality of life. A multimodal approach is recommended to identify and care for these patients.
The effect of incentives on motivated numeracy amidst COVID-19
Authors: Chung Eunbin , Govindan Pavitra , Pechenkina Anna O. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHow does political ideology affect the processing of information incongruent with one’s worldview? The disagreement in prior research about this question lies in how one’s ideology interacts with cognitive ability to shape motivated numeracy or the tendency to misinterpret data to confirm one’s prior beliefs. Our study conceptually replicates and extends previous research on motivated numeracy by testing whether monetary incentives for accuracy lessen motivated reasoning when high- and low-numeracy partisans interpret data about mask mandates and COVID-19 cases. This research leverages the ongoing COVID-19 crisis, as Americans are polarized along party lines regarding an appropriate government response to the pandemic.
Increasing Spring Insolation in the Late Holocene Intensified Aeolian Activity in Dryland Asia
Authors: Zhang Jun , Huang Xiaozhong , Qiang Mingrui , Demberel Otgonbayar , Wang Wenjia , Zheng Min , Xiang Lixiong , Hu Yu , Xiao Jule 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe history and driving forces of aeolian activity in western Mongolia remain poorly understood due to the scarcity of geological archives. Here, we obtained a record of sediment grain size from Tolbo Lake in western Mongolia to reconstruct changes in aeolian activity since ∼14 ka. The results suggest that intensified aeolian activity in the late Holocene may mainly have been a response to stronger surface winds resulting from an increase in spring insolation and mountain snow. The stable weak aeolian activity appears to coincide with ice‐rafting events in the North Atlantic during the middle Holocene and may be a response to warming at northern high latitudes, increased humidity and vegetation coverage in western Mongolia, indicating that dust from western Mongolia would possibly contribute minimally to dust deposition in Greenland during this period. This study will help understand the atmospheric dust emissions and transport processes in the earth system.
Integrative genomic analysis of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia lacking a genetic biomarker in the UKALL2003 clinical trial
Authors: Schwab Claire , Cranston Ruth E. , Ryan Sarra L. , Butler Ellie , Winterman Emily , Hawking Zoe , Bashton Matthew , Enshaei Amir , Russell Lisa J. , Kingsbury Zoya , Peden John F. , Barretta Emilio , Murray James , Gibson Jude , Hinchliffe Andrew C. , Bain Robert , Vora Ajay , Bentley David R. , Ross Mark T. , Moorman Anthony V. , Harrison Christine J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIncorporating genetics into risk-stratification for treatment of childhood B-progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL) has contributed significantly to improved survival. In about 30% B-ALL (B-other-ALL) without well-established chromosomal changes, new genetic subtypes have recently emerged, yet their true prognostic relevance largely remains unclear. We integrated next generation sequencing (NGS): whole genome sequencing (WGS) (n = 157) and bespoke targeted NGS (t-NGS) (n = 175) (overlap n = 36), with existing genetic annotation in a representative cohort of 351 B-other-ALL patients from the childhood ALL trail, UKALL2003. PAX5alt was most frequently observed (n = 91), whereas PAX5 P80R mutations (n = 11) defined a distinct PAX5 subtype. DUX4-r subtype (n = 80) was defined by DUX4 rearrangements and/or ERG deletions. These patients had a low relapse rate and excellent survival. ETV6::RUNX1-like subtype (n = 21) was characterised by multiple abnormalities of ETV6 and IKZF1, with no reported relapses or deaths, indicating their excellent prognosis in this trial. An inferior outcome for patients with ABL-class fusions (n = 25) was confirmed. Integration of NGS into genomic profiling of B-other-ALL within a single childhood ALL trial, UKALL2003, has shown the added clinical value of NGS-based approaches, through improved accuracy in detection and classification into the range of risk stratifying genetic subtypes, while validating their prognostic significance.
Epigenome-wide meta-analysis identifies DNA methylation biomarkers associated with diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Smyth Laura J. , Dahlström Emma H. , Syreeni Anna , Kerr Katie , Kilner Jill , Doyle Ross , Brennan Eoin , Nair Viji , Fermin Damian , Nelson Robert G. , Looker Helen C. , Wooster Christopher , Andrews Darrell , Anderson Kerry , McKay Gareth J. , Cole Joanne B. , Salem Rany M. , Conlon Peter J. , Kretzler Matthias , Hirschhorn Joel N. , Sadlier Denise , Godson Catherine , Florez Jose C. ,   GENIE consortium, Forsblom Carol , Maxwell Alexander P. , Groop Per-Henrik , Sandholm Niina , McKnight Amy Jayne 
Published: December 2022

AbstractType 1 diabetes affects over nine million individuals globally, with approximately 40% developing diabetic kidney disease. Emerging evidence suggests that epigenetic alterations, such as DNA methylation, are involved in diabetic kidney disease. Here we assess differences in blood-derived genome-wide DNA methylation associated with diabetic kidney disease in 1304 carefully characterised individuals with type 1 diabetes and known renal status from two cohorts in the United Kingdom-Republic of Ireland and Finland. In the meta-analysis, we identify 32 differentially methylated CpGs in diabetic kidney disease in type 1 diabetes, 18 of which are located within genes differentially expressed in kidneys or correlated with pathological traits in diabetic kidney disease. We show that methylation at 21 of the 32 CpGs predict the development of kidney failure, extending the knowledge and potentially identifying individuals at greater risk for diabetic kidney disease in type 1 diabetes.
Creating superconductivity in WB2 through pressure-induced metastable planar defects
Authors: Lim J. , Hire A. C. , Quan Y. , Kim J. S. , Xie S. R. , Sinha S. , Kumar R. S. , Popov D. , Park C. , Hemley R. J. , Vohra Y. K. , Hamlin J. J. , Hennig R. G. , Hirschfeld P. J. , Stewart G. R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHigh-pressure electrical resistivity measurements reveal that the mechanical deformation of ultra-hard WB2 during compression induces superconductivity above 50 GPa with a maximum superconducting critical temperature, Tcof 17 K at 91 GPa. Upon further compression up to 187 GPa, the Tcgradually decreases. Theoretical calculations show that electron-phonon mediated superconductivity originates from the formation of metastable stacking faults and twin boundaries that exhibit a local structure resembling MgB2 (hP3, space group 191, prototype AlB2). Synchrotron x-ray diffraction measurements up to 145 GPa show that the ambient pressure hP12 structure (space group 194, prototype WB2) continues to persist to this pressure, consistent with the formation of the planar defects above 50 GPa. The abrupt appearance of superconductivity under pressure does not coincide with a structural transition but instead with the formation and percolation of mechanically-induced stacking faults and twin boundaries. The results identify an alternate route for designing superconducting materials.
Modulating glycosphingolipid metabolism and autophagy improves outcomes in pre-clinical models of myeloma bone disease
Authors: Leng Houfu , Zhang Hanlin , Li Linsen , Zhang Shuhao , Wang Yanping , Chavda Selina J. , Galas-Filipowicz Daria , Lou Hantao , Ersek Adel , Morris Emma V. , Sezgin Erdinc , Lee Yi-Hsuan , Li Yunsen , Lechuga-Vieco Ana Victoria , Tian Mei , Mi Jian-Qing , Yong Kwee , Zhong Qing , Edwards Claire M. , Simon Anna Katharina , Horwood Nicole J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Patients with multiple myeloma, an incurable malignancy of plasma cells, frequently develop osteolytic bone lesions that severely impact quality of life and clinical outcomes. Eliglustat, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor, reduced osteoclast-driven bone loss in preclinical in vivo models of myeloma. In combination with zoledronic acid, a bisphosphonate that treats myeloma bone disease, eliglustat provided further protection from bone loss. Autophagic degradation of TRAF3, a key step for osteoclast differentiation, was inhibited by eliglustat as evidenced by TRAF3 lysosomal and cytoplasmic accumulation. Eliglustat blocked autophagy by altering glycosphingolipid composition whilst restoration of missing glycosphingolipids rescued autophagy markers and TRAF3 degradation thus restoring osteoclastogenesis in bone marrow cells from myeloma patients. This work delineates both the mechanism by which glucosylceramide synthase inhibition prevents autophagic degradation of TRAF3 to reduce osteoclastogenesis as well as highlighting the clinical translational potential of eliglustat for the treatment of myeloma bone disease.
Electrically conductive hybrid organic crystals as flexible optical waveguides
Authors: Yang Xuesong , Lan Linfeng , Pan Xiuhong , Liu Xiaokong , Song Yilong , Yang Xueying , Dong Qingfeng , Li Liang , Naumov Panče , Zhang Hongyu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHybrid materials capitalize on the properties of individual materials to attain a specific combination of performance assets that is not available with the individual components alone. We describe a straightforward approach to preparation of sandwich-type hybrid dynamic materials that combine metals as electrically conductive components and polymers as bending, momentum-inducing components with flexible organic crystals as mechanically compliant and optically transducive medium. The resulting hybrid materials are conductive to both electricity and light, while they also respond to changes in temperature by deformation. Depending on the metal, their conductivity ranges from 7.9 to 21.0 S µm‒1. The elements respond rapidly to temperature by curling or uncurling in about 0.2 s, which in one typical case corresponds to exceedingly fast deformation and recovery rates of 2187.5° s‒1 and 1458.3° s‒1, respectively. In cyclic operation mode, their conductivity decreases less than 1% after 10,000 thermal cycles. The mechanothermal robustness and dual functionality favors these materials as candidates for a variety of applications in organic-based optics and electronics, and expands the prospects of application of organic crystals beyond the natural limits of their dynamic performance.
Compressed ultrahigh-speed single-pixel imaging by swept aggregate patterns
Authors: Kilcullen Patrick , Ozaki Tsuneyuki , Liang Jinyang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSingle-pixel imaging (SPI) has emerged as a powerful technique that uses coded wide-field illumination with sampling by a single-point detector. Most SPI systems are limited by the refresh rates of digital micromirror devices (DMDs) and time-consuming iterations in compressed-sensing (CS)-based reconstruction. Recent efforts in overcoming the speed limit in SPI, such as the use of fast-moving mechanical masks, suffer from low reconfigurability and/or reduced accuracy. To address these challenges, we develop SPI accelerated via swept aggregate patterns (SPI-ASAP) that combines a DMD with laser scanning hardware to achieve pattern projection rates of up to 14.1 MHz and tunable frame sizes of up to 101×103 pixels. Meanwhile, leveraging the structural properties of S-cyclic matrices, a lightweight CS reconstruction algorithm, fully compatible with parallel computing, is developed for real-time video streaming at 100 frames per second (fps). SPI-ASAP allows reconfigurable imaging in both transmission and reflection modes, dynamic imaging under strong ambient light, and offline ultrahigh-speed imaging at speeds of up to 12,000 fps.
Ab initio calculation of real solids via neural network ansatz
Authors: Li Xiang , Li Zhe , Chen Ji 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNeural networks have been applied to tackle many-body electron correlations for small molecules and physical models in recent years. Here we propose an architecture that extends molecular neural networks with the inclusion of periodic boundary conditions to enable ab initio calculation of real solids. The accuracy of our approach is demonstrated in four different types of systems, namely the one-dimensional periodic hydrogen chain, the two-dimensional graphene, the three-dimensional lithium hydride crystal, and the homogeneous electron gas, where the obtained results, e.g. total energies, dissociation curves, and cohesive energies, reach a competitive level with many traditional ab initio methods. Moreover, electron densities of typical systems are also calculated to provide physical intuition of various solids. Our method of extending a molecular neural network to periodic systems can be easily integrated into other neural network structures, highlighting a promising future of ab initio solution of more complex solid systems using neural network ansatz, and more generally endorsing the application of machine learning in materials simulation and condensed matter physics.
Ultrafast X-ray imaging of the light-induced phase transition in VO2
Authors: Johnson Allan S. , Perez-Salinas Daniel , Siddiqui Khalid M. , Kim Sungwon , Choi Sungwook , Volckaert Klara , Majchrzak Paulina E. , Ulstrup Søren , Agarwal Naman , Hallman Kent , Haglund Richard F. , Günther Christian M. , Pfau Bastian , Eisebitt Stefan , Backes Dirk , Maccherozzi Francesco , Fitzpatrick Ann , Dhesi Sarnjeet S. , Gargiani Pierluigi , Valvidares Manuel , Artrith Nongnuch , de Groot Frank , Choi Hyeongi , Jang Dogeun , Katoch Abhishek , Kwon Soonnam , Park Sang Han , Kim Hyunjung , Wall Simon E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUsing light to control transient phases in quantum materials is an emerging route to engineer new properties and functionality, with both thermal and non-thermal phases observed out of equilibrium. Transient phases are expected to be heterogeneous, either through photo-generated domain growth or by generating topological defects, and this impacts the dynamics of the system. However, this nanoscale heterogeneity has not been directly observed. Here we use time- and spectrally resolved coherent X-ray imaging to track the prototypical light-induced insulator-to-metal phase transition in vanadium dioxide on the nanoscale with femtosecond time resolution. We show that the early-time dynamics are independent of the initial spatial heterogeneity and observe a 200 fs switch to the metallic phase. A heterogeneous response emerges only after hundreds of picoseconds. Through spectroscopic imaging, we reveal that the transient metallic phase is a highly orthorhombically strained rutile metallic phase, an interpretation that is in contrast to those based on spatially averaged probes. Our results demonstrate the critical importance of spatially and spectrally resolved measurements for understanding and interpreting the transient phases of quantum materials.