bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of timing of Improvest administration on growth performance and carcass characteristics in gilts
Authors: Vasquez-Hidalgo Manuel A , Mellencamp Martha A , Amodie Deborah , Galina Pantoja Lucina , Vonnahme Kimberly A 
Published: May 2023

AbstractImprovest (IMP; Zoetis Inc., Parsippany, NJ) has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use in gilts. Improvest is administered twice: the first dose should be administered no earlier than 9 wk of age and the second dose (D2) at least 4 wk after the first dose. The aim of this study was to determine how the timing of IMP before harvest affects growth performance and carcass characteristics in gilts. A total of 1,632 gilts were allocated to four groups (12 pens/treatment; 34 gilts/pen): 1) a control group did not receive IMP; 2) T-early gilts received IMP on day 7 (day 0 = 10 wk postweaning), and D2 on day 40 (i.e., 35 d prior to first removal for harvest); 3) T-medium gilts received IMP on day 21 and D2 on day 56 (i.e., 19 d prior to first removal for harvest); 4) T-late gilts received IMP on day 35 and D2 on day 70 (i.e., 5 d before first removal for harvest). Pigs were selected for harvest by visual observation on days 75, 89, 103, and 117: 1) the heaviest 7 gilts/pen for each treatment on day 75; 2) the heaviest 10 gilts/pen of each treatment at day 89; 3) the heaviest 10 gilts/pen of each treatment on day 103; and 4) the remaining 7 gilts/pen on day 117. Weights and feed disappearance were recorded every 2 wk and during harvest dates to calculate average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed efficiency (Gain:Feed; G:F). Generalized linear mixed models of SAS were used to analyze all variables. The increase in ADFI over Control gilts was observed 15 d post D2 and continued through 77 d post D2, with advantages in ADG occurring between 15 and 35 d post D2. Control and IMP treated gilts had similar G:F 15 to 33 d post D2. The overall ADG and ADFI from day 0 to market, final live weights, and hot carcass weights were significantly greater (P ≤ 0.05) in IMP gilts compared to Control. When G:F based on live weight was averaged across all groups (i.e., from day 0 to market), T-early had the lowest (P ≤ 0.05) G:F compared to Control, T-medium, and T-late gilts, which did not differ. Carcasses from IMP gilts had increased (P &lt; 0.01) backfat, but similar (P = 0.5) Longissimus muscle depth, compared to Control. Within a cohort of similar aged gilts finishing during the summer, this study indicates that the trajectory of growth is enhanced within a similar window post D2 of IMP. Gilts treated with IMP had heavier carcasses with increased backfat and similar Longissimus muscle depth.
High-fat diet promotes multiple binges-induced liver injury via promoting hepatic macrophage proinflammatory polarization
Authors: Wang Yi-Ran , Xie Na , Zhang Yan-Jing , Wang Lin , Sun Zhan , Zeng Tao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) and ethanol could synergistically induce liver damage, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. M1-polarized macrophages have been demonstrated to be key players in ethanol-induced liver damage. The current study was designed to investigate whether hepatic steatosis could promote ethanol-induced liver injury by promoting liver macrophage M1 polarization. In the in vivo study, 12 weeks of HFD feeding induced a moderate increase in the F4/80 expression and protein levels of p-IKKα/β, p-IκBα, and p-p65, which was suppressed by single binge. In contrast, 8 weeks of HFD and multiple binges (two binges per week during the last 4 weeks) synergistically increased the F4/80 expression, mRNA levels of M1 polarization biomarkers including Ccl2, Tnfa, and Il1b, and protein levels of p65, p-p65, COX2, and Caspase 1. In the in vitro study, a nontoxic free fatty acids (FFAs) mixture (oleic acid/palmitic acid = 2: 1) induced a moderate increase of protein levels of p-p65 and NLRP3 in murine AML12 hepatocytes, which was inhibited by ethanol co-exposure. Ethanol alone induced proinflammatory polarization of murine J774A.1 macrophages evidenced by the enhanced secretion of TNF-α, increased mRNA levels of Ccl2, Tnfa, and Il1b, and upregulated protein levels of p65, p-p65, NLRP3, and Caspase 1, which was augmented by FFAs exposure. Collectively, these results suggest that HFD and multiple binges could synergistically induce liver damage by promoting the proinflammatory activation of macrophages in mice livers.
Xylella fastidiosa Requires the Type II Secretion System for Pathogenicity and Survival in Grapevine
Authors: Ingel Brian , Castro Claudia , Burbank Lindsey , Her Nancy , De Anda N. Itzel , Way Hannah , Wang Peng , Roper M. Caroline 
Published: May 2023

Xylella fastidiosa is a xylem-limited bacterial pathogen that causes Pierce's disease (PD) of grapevine. In host plants, this bacterium exclusively colonizes the xylem, which is primarily non-living at maturity. Understanding how X. fastidiosa interfaces with this specialized conductive tissue is at the forefront of investigation for this pathosystem. Unlike many bacterial plant pathogens, X. fastidiosa lacks a type III secretion system and cognate effectors that aid in host colonization. Instead, X. fastidiosa utilizes plant cell-wall hydrolytic enzymes and lipases as part of its xylem colonization strategy. Several of these virulence factors are predicted to be secreted via the type II secretion system (T2SS), the main terminal branch of the Sec-dependent general secretory pathway. In this study, we constructed null mutants in xpsE and xpsG, which encode for the ATPase that drives the T2SS and the major structural pseudopilin of the T2SS, respectively. Both mutants were non-pathogenic and unable to effectively colonize Vitis vinifera grapevines, demonstrating that the T2SS is required for X. fastidiosa infection processes. Furthermore, we utilized mass spectrometry to identify type II–dependent proteins in the X. fastidiosa secretome. In vitro, we identified six type II–dependent proteins in the secretome that included three lipases, a β-1,4-cellobiohydrolase, a protease, and a conserved hypothetical protein. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Primary Epithelioid Sarcoma of the Conchal Bowl in a 64-Year-Old Male: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Li Liping , Bailiff Oksana A. , Blanchard Brielle , Gardner Jerad M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
Epithelioid sarcoma (ES) is a distinctive malignant mesenchymal neoplasm with atypical epithelioid cells palisading around a central zone of necrosis. ES is a rare entity even in soft tissue pathology. Immunohistochemically, tumors usually show diffuse epithelial membrane antigen and cytokeratin expression and loss of nuclear INI1 (SMARCB1) expression. Here, we report a case of a 64-year-old man with ES arising in the left conchal bowl. Given the clinical presentation including patient's age, sun-exposed area of skin, and slow-growing, asymptomatic, small pink pearly papule, this patient was initially misdiagnosed with basal cell carcinoma clinically and treated with topical imiquimod at an outside facility. The lesion continued to grow and eventually became symptomatic despite the treatment after which biopsy was obtained. Despite the unusual anatomic site and the patient's age, the microscopic and immunohistochemical findings were characteristic of conventional-type ES. Our case shows that ES can arise in rare locations and in older adults where it may be more easily misdiagnosed clinically and pathologically as a nonmelanoma skin cancer.
Re-evaluating the Timing of Surgery after Isolated Orbital Floor Fracture
Authors: Soliman Luke , Sawicki Nicholas , Sobti Nikhil , Swartz Solomon , Rao Vinay , Woo Albert S. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Orbital floor fractures are among the most common facial injuries. Although urgent surgical repair may be indicated, most patients require interval follow-up to assess for symptom onset and need for definitive operative intervention. This study aimed to evaluate the time to operative indication after these injuries.

Methods:
A retrospective review was conducted of all patients with isolated orbital floor fractures at a tertiary academic medical center from June 2015 to April 2019. Patient demographic and clinical data were recorded from the medical record. Time until operative indication was evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier product limit method.

Results:
Of 307 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 9.8% (30/307) developed indications for repair. Among these, 60% (18/30) were recommended surgery on the day of initial evaluation. Of 137 follow-up patients, 8.8% (12/137) developed operative indications based on clinical evaluation. The median period to decision for surgery was 5 days (range, 1–9). No patients developed symptoms suggesting the need for surgery beyond 9 days after trauma.

Conclusions:
Our investigation demonstrates that only about 10% of patients presenting with isolated orbital floor fracture develop an indication for surgery. For patients undergoing interval clinical follow-up, we found that patients demonstrated symptoms within 9 days of trauma. No patients demonstrated need for surgery beyond 2 weeks of injury. We believe these findings will assist to establish standards of care and inform clinicians on the appropriate length of follow-up for these injuries.
Advanced practice nursing students' perspectives of learning screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment in interprofessional settings
Authors: Hagle Holly , Kameg Brayden , Lindsay Dawn , Matthews Emily , Mitchell Ann 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) is a public health approach to early intervention for substance use through universal screening. Utilization of SBIRT was taught in an interprofessional setting to nurse practitioner, nurse anesthetist, and dental hygiene students through integrated educational grant projects. A qualitative analysis was done across 10 SBIRT data sets collected over 4 years. The researchers used a nominal group consensus method to review the data, and six themes were identified. Results showed that students desired more training on motivational interviewing techniques. Furthermore, students identified that to effectively work interprofessionally, students must be exposed to such collaboration throughout their professional educational programs.
Improving human papilloma virus vaccination rates among adolescents
Authors: Biehl Renee , Efre Andrea 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
The human papilloma virus (HPV) is the leading cause of cervical cancer worldwide and is responsible for genital warts and five other types of cancers. The HPV vaccine was introduced in 2006 and demonstrated to be safe and more effective than expected, yet adolescent rates of immunization in the United States remain low.

Local problem:
Adolescent HPV vaccine rates were below the national average, and effective vaccine recommendation strategies were not used at an urban pediatric primary care office in southern Florida.

Methods:
The percentage of HPV vaccine rates in this primary care office were measured among adolescents ages 13–17 years using data obtained from Florida's state vaccine registry before implementation of the intervention, after the intervention, and monthly over a 90-day period.

Interventions:
Interventions aimed to improve vaccine rates included implementing an HPV protocol consisting of education on providing a strong bundled recommendation, appointing a vaccine champion, implementing standing vaccine orders, and educational materials.

Results:
The vaccine rates among adolescents increased by 11% for the initial dose, 7% for the second dose, and 6% for the vaccine completion rate. Chi-square test demonstrated statistical significance,

for the initial vaccine.

Conclusion:
A nurse practitioner–led application of an evidenced-based HPV vaccine protocol positively affected the care of adolescents in this primary care setting.
Prevalence and predictors of neck pain among Bangladeshi community dwellers during COVID-19 pandemic: analysis of a matched case-control data
Authors: Ali Mohammad , Mehjabin Tajnuva 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Extant literature has established a significant association between COVID-19 and musculoskeletal health complaints. Despite this, there remains a paucity of data regarding the relationship between COVID-19 and neck pain among community-dwelling individuals. The primary objective of this study was to ascertain the prevalence and predictors of neck pain in this population in Bangladesh. This was achieved via screening the musculoskeletal health of post-acute COVID-19 survivors and their age and sex-matched unaffected counterparts.

Methods:
This study employs a case-control design and includes 878 Bangladeshi individuals aged 18 years or older, of which 439 were post-acute COVID-19 patients. Data were collected between 24 February and 7 April 2022. Neck pain was assessed using the musculoskeletal subscale of subjective health complaints. Descriptive analysis was conducted to determine the prevalence of neck pain and to compare its prevalence across subgroups. Furthermore, multiple logistic regression analysis was utilized to identify the predictors of neck pain.

Results:
Out of 878 participants, 15.1% reported experiencing neck pain. However, neck pain was significantly higher among those with post-acute COVID-19 than those without the infection (21.4% vs. 8.9%, P<0.001). An adjusted analysis found that COVID-19 infection was independently associated with neck pain (adjusted odds ratio=2.626%, 95% CI=1.666–4.140).

Conclusion:
The results of this study suggest a link between COVID-19 and neck pain. Therefore, it is recommended that healthcare service providers are prepared to manage the increased incidence of neck pain among patients who have recovered from COVID-19.
Endoscopic unilateral anterior ethmoid artery flap with or without cartilage graft for nasal septal perforation repair
Authors: Bayoumi Ahmed , Elamin Abubaker , El-Sawy Abdelhamid , Hussein Ahmed Y.Z. , Ezzat Abdelrahman 
Published: May 2023

Introduction:The septal perforation is a challenging condition that faces the otolaryngologist. The aim of our work was to evaluate this endoscopic repair of this septal perforation using a unilateral anterior ethmoid artery flap with or without a cartilage graft.Patients and methods:The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study between June 2020 and June 2022. Our study included all adult patients with septal perforation due to trauma (operative and self-induced) lasting for more than one year. Patients underwent an endoscopic repair of a perforation and a questionnaire regarding subjective quality of life was completed at 3 months postoperatively.Results:A total of 18 patients were included in our study. The main symptoms were crusting (100%), bleeding (38.85%), whistling (16.6%), anosmia (16.6), and nasal obstruction sensation (11%). The mean perforation size was 13.6 mm, ranging between 4 mm and 28 mm. Number of years with the perforation (ranged between 2 and 16 years) with a mean of 4.876±1.645 years and a mode of 2 years. All cases were repaired using an endoscopic unilateral anterior ethmoid artery flap with or without cartilage.There were no intraoperative complications but postoperatively, these included pain, ranging between a score of 2 and 8 on the pain score chart, (the mean score was five and mode was four, appeared in six patients), which was treated with over-the-counter painkillers. In addition, there was one patient (5%) with a residual small perforation (2 mm). All patients were happy to fill out postoperative patient satisfaction questionnaires after 3 months. The mean was 21.8889 ±1.655 points and the mode, 25 points (highest possible score), appeared four times. The lowest scoring questionnaire summated to 15 points.Conclusions:The endoscopic unilateral anterior ethmoid artery nasal flap with or without cartilage graft has proven to be a reliable and a valuable graft that, with proper planning, can provide excellent results with minimal morbidity for nasal septal perforation repair.
Suicidality and Implicit Dependency in Child and Adolescent Inpatients With Histories of Trauma
Authors: Szymanski Kate , Hartmann Vanessa , Springer Carolyn , Bornstein Robert 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
There is lack of empirical findings on a direct link between suicidality and dependency in youth. This is particularly relevant for children and adolescents with a trauma history, since traumatization is a well-established risk factor for suicidality in this population. Research on dependency predominantly uses self-report assessments, which may be susceptible to biases. In this study, performance-based interpersonal dependency scores in inpatient children and adolescents with trauma history were compared with patients' suicidal behavior (suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts) as derived from chart records. The results showed a gender effect. High dependency scores were associated with higher suicidal ideation for girls and with lower suicidal attempts for boys. These findings demonstrate that a relationship between dependency and suicidality for hospitalized traumatized youth is impacted by gender.
Study Protocol Using Cohort Data and Latent Variable Modeling to Guide Sampling Women With Type 2 Diabetes and Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Perez Nicole Beaulieu , D’Eramo Melkus Gail , Yu Gary , Brown-Friday Janet , Anastos Kathryn , Aouizerat Brad 
Published: May 2023

Background
Depression affects one in three women with Type 2 diabetes, and this concurrence significantly increases the risks of diabetes complications, disability, and early mortality. Depression is underrecognized because of wide variation in presentation and the lack of diagnostic biomarkers. Converging evidence suggests inflammation is a shared biological pathway in diabetes and depression. Overlapping epigenetic associations and social determinants of diabetes and depression implicate inflammatory pathways as a common thread.

Objectives
This article describes the protocol and methods for a pilot study aimed to examine associations between depressive symptoms, inflammation, and social determinants of health among women with Type 2 diabetes.

Methods
This is an observational correlational study that leverages existing longitudinal data from the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), a multicenter cohort of HIV seropositive (66%) and HIV seronegative (33%) women, to inform purposive sampling of members from latent subgroups emergent from a prior retrospective cohort-wide analysis. Local active cohort participants from the Bronx study site are then selected for the study. The WIHS recently merged with the Multicenter Aids Cohort Study (MACS) to form the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study. Latent subgroups represent distinct symptom trajectories resultant from a growth mixture model analysis of biannually collected depressive symptom data. Participants complete surveys (symptom and social determinants) and provide blood samples to analyze plasma levels and DNA methylation of genes that encode for inflammatory markers (CRP, IL-6, TNF-α). Correlation and regression analysis will be used to estimate the effect sizes between depressive symptoms and inflammatory markers, clinical indices (body mass index, hemoglobin A1C, comorbidities), and social determinants of health.

Results
The study began in January 2022, and completed data collection is estimated by early 2023. We hypothesize that depressive symptom severity will associate with higher levels of inflammation, clinical indices (e.g., higher hemoglobin A1C), and exposure to specific social determinants of health (e.g., lower income, nutritional insecurity).

Discussion
Study findings will provide the basis for future studies aimed at improving outcomes for women with Type 2 diabetes by informing the development and testing of precision health strategies to address and prevent depression in populations most at risk.
Evaluation of the Resources and Inequities Among Pediatric Critical Care Facilities in Pakistan
Authors: Abbas Qalab , Shahbaz Fatima Farrukh , Hussain Muhammad Zaid H. , Khan Mustafa Ali , Shahbaz Hamna , Atiq Huba , Siddiqui Naveed ur Rehman , Gowa Murtaza Ali , Jamil Muhammad Tariq , Ali Farman , Khan Ata Ullah , Ahmed Abdul Rahim , Haque Anwar ul , Hamid Muhammad Haroon , Latif Asad , Bhutta Adnan 
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVES:
To evaluate nationwide pediatric critical care facilities and resources in Pakistan.

DESIGN:
Cross-sectional observational study.

SETTING:
Accredited pediatric training facilities in Pakistan.

PATIENTS:
None.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
A survey was conducted using the Partners in Health 4S (space, staff, stuff, systems) framework, via email or telephone correspondence. We used a scoring system in which each item in our checklist was given a score of 1, if available. Total scores were added up for each component. Additionally, we stratified and analyzed the data between the public and private healthcare sectors. Out of 114 hospitals (accredited for pediatric training), 76 (67%) responded. Fifty-three (70%) of these hospitals had a PICU, with a total of 667 specialized beds and 217 mechanical ventilators. There were 38 (72%) public hospitals and 15 (28%) private hospitals. There were 20 trained intensivists in 16 of 53 PICUs (30%), while 25 of 53 PICUs (47%) had a nurse-patient ratio less than 1:3. Overall, private hospitals were better resourced in many domains of our four Partners in Health framework. The Stuff component scored more than the other three components using analysis of variance testing (p = 0.003). On cluster analysis, private hospitals ranked higher in Space and Stuff, along with the overall scoring.

CONCLUSIONS:
There is a general lack of resources, seen disproportionately in the public sector. The scarcity of qualified intensivists and nursing staff poses a challenge to Pakistan’s PICU infrastructure.
An Abdominoplasty Modification for Postpregnancy Abdomen with Rectus Diastasis and Midline Hernia: The Technique and Results
Authors: Tuominen Reetta , Peltoniemi Hilkka , Jahkola Tiina , Vironen Jaana 
Published: May 2023

Summary:
After pregnancy, some women experience severe rectus diastasis (RD), with body control dysfunction, midline hernia, or other quality-of-life impairment. The purpose of this study was to describe the authors’ experience using hydrodissection and epidural anesthesia for lateral plication modification of abdominoplasty to restore abdominal wall firmness. A total of 46 consecutive patients with RD after pregnancy were enrolled. The mean intraoperative inter-rectus distance was 4.6 cm. RD is not always the only structure that has been elongated. Firmness of the abdominal wall also depends on lateral fascia structures. This study reports the total plicated distance addressing the lateral laxity in the abdominal wall. In this series, total plication was 7.8 cm, and 16 patients had a midline hernia. No hernia recurrences occurred, and the rectus bellies were less than 5 mm apart from each other in all participants, verified with ultrasound after 2 years of follow-up. Patient perspective of care and surgical outcome were recorded. Health-related quality-of-life domains were significantly improved postoperatively. Lumbar back pain visual analogue scale score was 4.5 ± 2.3 preoperatively and 0.5 ± 0.9 postoperatively. The ability to perform sit-ups increased from zero to 11, suggesting better motor control. The total complication rate was 10.9%. Hydrodissection and epidural anesthesia for lateral plication modification offers a reliable and effective treatment method for RD repair with and without a small midline hernia with a low complication rate.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.