bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WEAK HEIRS, COHEIRS, AND THE ELLIS SEMIGROUPS
Authors: MALINOWSKI ADAM , NEWELSKI LUDOMIR 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Assume

$G\prec H$

are groups and

${\cal A}\subseteq {\cal P}(G),\ {\cal B}\subseteq {\cal P}(H)$

are algebras of sets closed under left group translation. Under some additional assumptions we find algebraic connections between the Ellis [semi]groups of the G-flow

$S({\cal A})$

and the H-flow

$S({\cal B})$

. We apply these results in the model theoretic context. Namely, assume G is a group definable in a model M and

$M\prec ^* N$

. Using weak heirs and weak coheirs we point out some algebraic connections between the Ellis semigroups

$S_{ext,G}(M)$

and

$S_{ext,G}(N)$

. Assuming every minimal left ideal in

$S_{ext,G}(N)$

is a group we prove that the Ellis groups of

$S_{ext,G}(M)$

are isomorphic to closed subgroups of the Ellis groups of

$S_{ext,G}(N)$

.
Quantitative regeneration: Skoog and Miller revisited
Authors: Melnyk Charles W. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In 1957, Skoog and Miller published their seminal work on the effects of hormones upon plant growth. By varying the concentrations of auxin and cytokinin, they observed dramatic differences in shoot and root growth from tobacco stem cultures. Their finding that quantitative differences in hormone concentrations could dramatically alter the fate of developing organs provided a foundation for understanding organ formation and tissue regeneration. Their in vitro assays established plant propagation techniques that were critical for regenerating transgenic plants. Here, I discuss their original paper, what led to their findings and its impact on our understanding of hormone interactions, how plants regenerate and in vitro tissue culture techniques.
The long exact sequence of homotopy n-groups
Authors: Buchholtz Ulrik , Rijke Egbert 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWorking in homotopy type theory, we introduce the notion of n-exactness for a short sequence
$F\to E\to B$
of pointed types and show that any fiber sequence
$F\hookrightarrow E \twoheadrightarrow B$
of arbitrary types induces a short sequencethat is n-exact at
$\| E\|_{n-1}$
. We explain how the indexing makes sense when interpreted in terms of n-groups, and we compare our definition to the existing definitions of an exact sequence of n-groups for
$n=1,2$
. As the main application, we obtain the long n-exact sequence of homotopy n-groups of a fiber sequence.
Detection of dsrAB operon expression in Desulfotalea psychrophila cells subjected to simulated Martian conditions of temperature and regolith's sulphate minerals composition
Authors: Mosquera Sergio , Ivey Mack , Chevrier Vincent F. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDiscoveries of transient liquid water in the Martian polar caps and the presence of liquid lakes and subsurface oceans in icy satellites have increased the interest of scientists in the capabilities of terrestrial extremophiles to grow and remain metabolically active in these extreme environments. The principal goal of this research is to understand the metabolic capacity of the anaerobic psychrophile, Desulfotalea psychrophila, cultured at subfreezing temperatures in media containing various concentrations of sulphate minerals. In this regard, our experiments focused on the detection of D. psychrophila survival and active metabolism, employing a biochamber that can recreate Martian temperatures. Using standard bacteriological methods for determining growth, combined with molecular and enzymatic determination of sulphate reduction, we have found that D. psychrophila is capable to carry out biological processes at temperatures down to −5°C, at concentrations that range from 0.35 to 18 wt% of MgSO4, 0.1 wt% of CaSO4 and 10 to 14 wt% of FeSO4 in which the highest sulphate concentration gradually returned the biosynthetic rate to basal limits, and the lowest temperature decreased bacterial cell division. These chemical salts, whose ions are classified as chaotropes, are known to act by maintaining water molecules in liquid state at subfreezing temperatures and by altering the stability of cellular components. This ‘chaotropic effect’ could potentially benefit the microbial metabolic activity up to a concentration in which cellular viability is jeopardized. Consequently, our hypothesis is directed towards the detection of metabolic activity as an indirect measurement of the potential influence of these ions in the flexibility/functionality of biological structures that at cold temperatures are highly rigid, compact and partially/non-functional due to water freezing. Studies of this type of microorganism are critical considering the possibility of survival and colonization of psychrophilic sulphate reducers in other planets and icy satellites.
Changing roles of health insurers in France, Germany, and the Netherlands: any lessons to learn from Bismarckian systems?
Authors: Schut Frederik T. , Henschke Cornelia , Or Zeynep 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBismarckian health systems are mainly governed by social health insurers, but their role, status, and power vary across countries and over time. We compare the role of health insurers in three distinct social health insurance systems in improving health systems' efficiency. In France, insurers work together as a single payer within a highly regulated context. Although this gives insurers substantial bargaining power, collective negotiations with providers are highly political and do not provide appropriate incentives for efficiency. Both Germany and the Netherlands have introduced competition among insurers to foster efficiency. However, the rationale of insurer competition in Germany is unclear because contracts are mostly concluded at a collective level and individual insurers have little power to influence health system efficiency. In the Netherlands, insurer competition is substantially more effective, but primarily focused on price and cost containment. In all three countries, the role of insurers has been transforming slowly to respond to common challenges of assuring care quality and continuity for an ageing population. To assure sustainability, they need to ensure that care providers cooperate with the same quality and efficiency objectives, but their capacity to do so has been limited by insufficient support to enforce public information on provider quality.
Anomalously Darker Land Surfaces Become Wetter Due To Mesoscale Circulations
Authors: Cheng Yu , Hu Zeyuan , McColl Kaighin A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract“Land radiative management” (LRM)—intentionally increasing land surface albedo to reduce regional temperatures—has been proposed as a form of geoengineering. Its effects on local precipitation and soil moisture over long timescales are not well understood. We use idealized cloud‐permitting simulations and a conceptual model to understand the response of precipitation and soil moisture to a mesoscale albedo anomaly at equilibrium. Initially, differential heating between a high‐albedo anomaly and the lower‐albedo surrounding environment drives mesoscale circulations, increasing precipitation and soil moisture in the surrounding environment. However, over time, increasing soil moisture reduces the differential heating, eliminating the mesoscale circulations. At equilibrium, the fractional increase in simulated soil moisture is up to 1.3 times the fractional increase in co‐albedo (one minus albedo). Thus, LRM may increase precipitation and soil moisture in surrounding regions, enhancing evaporative cooling and spreading the benefits of LRM over a wider region than previously recognized.
Does a Shallow Magma Reservoir Exist in the Wudalianchi Volcanic Field? Constraints From Magnetotelluric Imaging
Authors: Sun Xiangyu , Zhan Yan , Zhao Lingqiang , Xu Jiandong , Zhao Yongwei , Zhao Bin , Yang Wendong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe obtain new images of the 3D resistivity structure of the Wudalianchi volcanic field (WVF). No low‐resistivity structure is found beneath Laoheishan and Huoshaoshan volcanoes in the WVF, which challenges the hypothesis of one or more magma reservoirs in the upper crust of this region. We observe a low‐resistivity body beneath Weishan volcano; however, estimated magma emplacement rates conflict with the observed volume of that body. Due to the relatively low geothermal gradient and surface heat flow in the area, magma would cool rapidly and could not be sustained for a long time unless new magma was regularly introduced into the system, but our observations do not support this scenario. We suggest that the magma in the WVF mainly originates from the mantle or the base of the crust with little crustal residence, and that the low‐resistivity body in the upper crust is likely due to saline aqueous free fluids.
Cyclone Impacts on Sea Ice Concentration in the Atlantic Arctic Ocean: Annual Cycle and Recent Changes
Authors: Aue Lars , Rinke Annette 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe quantify sea ice concentration (SIC) changes related to synoptic cyclones separately for each month of the year in the Greenland, Barents and Kara Seas for 1979–2018. We find that these SIC changes can be statistically significant throughout the year. However, their strength varies from region to region and month to month, and their sign strongly depends on the considered time scale (before/during vs. after cyclone passages). Our results show that the annual cycle of cyclone impacts on SIC is related to varying cyclone intensity and traversed sea ice conditions. We further show that significant changes in these cyclone impacts have manifested in the last 40 years, with the strongest changes occurring in October and November. For these months, SIC decreases before/during cyclones have more than doubled in magnitude in the Barents and Kara Seas, while SIC increases following cyclones have weakened (intensified) in the Barents Sea (Kara Sea).
Coseismic Kinematics of the 2023 Kahramanmaras, Turkey Earthquake Sequence From InSAR and Optical Data
Authors: He Lijia , Feng Guangcai , Xu Wenbin , Wang Yuedong , Xiong Zhiqiang , Gao Hua , Liu Xiaoge 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe derive the ALOS‐2 coseismic interferograms, pixel‐offsets and Sentinel‐2 sub‐pixel offsets of the 2023 Mw7.8 and Mw7.7 Kahramanmaras, Turkey earthquake sequence. Offset maps show that the sequence ruptured ∼300 km along the East Anatolian Fault (EAF) and ∼180 km along the secondary Cardak and Dogansehir faults. We infer the coseismic slip distribution and interseismic fault motion by inverting the co‐ and inter‐seismic observations. Inversion results show that the coseismic slip (∼8.0 m) and interseismic strike‐slip rate (∼4.6 mm/yr) on the main rupture of the Mw7.8 event are basically consistent with the ∼8.4 m and ∼3.9 mm/yr of the Mw7.7 event. Most coseismic slips of the Mw7.8 and Mw7.7 events occur within 10 and 12 km at depth, respectively, in keeping with the interseismic locking depth of 10.4 ± 3.3 km and 11.1 ± 3.1 km. This implies that the coseismic rupture kinematics correlate with the interseismic strain accumulation. Moreover, static stress changes show that the Mw7.7 event is likely promoted by ∼2 bar stress increase from the Mw7.8 event on the central section of its main rupture.
Determining a Lower Limit of Luminosity for the First Satellite Observation of a Reverse Beam Terrestrial Gamma Ray Flash Associated With a Cloud to Ground Lightning Leader
Authors: Chaffin Jeffrey M. , Pu Yunjiao , Smith David M. , Cummer Steve , Splitt Michael 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe provide an updated analysis of the gamma ray signature of a terrestrial gamma ray flash (TGF) detected by the Fermi Gamma ray Burst Monitor first reported by Pu et al. (2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL089427). A TGF produced 3 ms prior to a negative cloud‐to‐ground return stroke was close to simultaneous with an isolated low‐frequency radio pulse during the leader’s propagation, with a polarity indicating downward moving negative charge. In previous observations, this “slow” low‐frequency signal has been strongly correlated with upward‐directed (opposite polarity) TGF events (Pu et al., 2019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL082743; Cummer et al., 2011, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048099), leading the authors to conclude that the Fermi gamma ray observation is actually the result of a reverse positron beam generating upward‐directed gamma rays. We investigate the feasibility of this scenario and determine a lower limit on the luminosity of the downward TGF from the perspective of gamma ray timing uncertainties, TGF Monte Carlo simulations, and meteorological analysis of a model storm cell and its possible charge structure altitudes. We determined that the most likely source altitude of the TGF reverse beam was 7.5 km ± 2.6 km, just below an estimated negative charge center at 8 km. At that altitude, the Monte Carlo simulations indicate a lower luminosity limit of 2 × 1018 photons above 1 MeV for the main downward beam of the TGF, making the reverse beam detectable by the Fermi Gamma ray Burst Monitor.
USP32 deubiquitinase: cellular functions, regulatory mechanisms, and potential as a cancer therapy target
Authors: Li Shuang , Song Yang , Wang Kexin , Liu Guoxiang , Dong Xiaolei , Yang Fanghao , Chen Guang , Cao Can , Zhang Huhu , Wang Mengjun , Li Ya , Zeng Teng , Liu Chunyan , Li Bing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAn essential protein regulatory system in cells is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. The substrate is modified by the ubiquitin ligase system (E1-E2-E3) in this pathway, which is a dynamic protein bidirectional modification regulation system. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are tasked with specifically hydrolyzing ubiquitin molecules from ubiquitin-linked proteins or precursor proteins and inversely regulating protein degradation, which in turn affects protein function. The ubiquitin-specific peptidase 32 (USP32) protein level is associated with cell cycle progression, proliferation, migration, invasion, and other cellular biological processes. It is an important member of the ubiquitin-specific protease family. It is thought that USP32, a unique enzyme that controls the ubiquitin process, is closely linked to the onset and progression of many cancers, including small cell lung cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, epithelial ovarian cancer, glioblastoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, acute myeloid leukemia, and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. In this review, we focus on the multiple mechanisms of USP32 in various tumor types and show that USP32 controls the stability of many distinct proteins. Therefore, USP32 is a key and promising therapeutic target for tumor therapy, which could provide important new insights and avenues for antitumor drug development. The therapeutic importance of USP32 in cancer treatment remains to be further proven. In conclusion, there are many options for the future direction of USP32 research.
Confidence in visual detection, familiarity and recollection judgments is preserved in schizophrenia spectrum disorder
Authors: Rouy Martin , Pereira Michael , Saliou Pauline , Sanchez Rémi , el Mardi Wassila , Sebban Hanna , Baqué Eugénie , Dezier Childéric , Porte Perrine , Micaux Julia , de Gardelle Vincent , Mamassian Pascal , Moulin Chris J. A. , Dondé Clément , Roux Paul , Faivre Nathan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAn effective way to quantify metacognitive performance is to ask participants to estimate their confidence in the accuracy of their response during a cognitive task. A recent meta-analysis1 raised the issue that most assessments of metacognitive performance in schizophrenia spectrum disorders may be confounded with cognitive deficits, which are known to be present in this population. Therefore, it remains unclear whether the reported metacognitive deficits are metacognitive in nature or rather inherited from cognitive deficits. Arbitrating between these two possibilities requires equating task performance between experimental groups. Here, we aimed to characterize metacognitive performance among individuals with schizophrenia across three tasks (visual detection, familiarity, recollection) using a within-subject design while controlling experimentally for intra-individual task performance and statistically for between-subject task performance. In line with our hypotheses, we found no metacognitive deficit for visual detection and familiarity judgments. While we expected metacognition for recollection to be specifically impaired among individuals with schizophrenia, we found evidence in favor of an absence of a deficit in that domain also. We found no specific metacognitive deficit in schizophrenia spectrum disorder in the visual or memory domain. The clinical relevance of our findings is discussed in light of a hierarchical framework of metacognition.
Design of a silicon Mach–Zehnder modulator via deep learning and evolutionary algorithms
Authors: Aparecido de Paula Romulo , Aldaya Ivan , Sutili Tiago , Figueiredo Rafael C. , Pita Julian L. , Bustamante Yesica R. R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAs an essential block in optical communication systems, silicon (Si) Mach–Zehnder modulators (MZMs) are approaching the limits of possible performance for high-speed applications. However, due to a large number of design parameters and the complex simulation of these devices, achieving high-performance configuration employing conventional optimization methods result in prohibitively long times and use of resources. Here, we propose a design methodology based on artificial neural networks and heuristic optimization that significantly reduces the complexity of the optimization process. First, we implemented a deep neural network model to substitute the 3D electromagnetic simulation of a Si-based MZM, whereas subsequently, this model is used to estimate the figure of merit within the heuristic optimizer, which, in our case, is the differential evolution algorithm. By applying this method to CMOS-compatible MZMs, we find new optimized configurations in terms of electro-optical bandwidth, insertion loss, and half-wave voltage. In particular, we achieve configurations of MZMs with a $$40~\text {GHz}$$

40

GHz

bandwidth and a driving voltage of $$6.25~\text {V}$$

6.25

V

, or, alternatively, $$47.5~\text {GHz}$$

47.5

GHz

with a driving voltage of $$8~\text {V}$$

8

V

. Furthermore, the faster simulation allowed optimizing MZM subject to different constraints, which permits us to explore the possible performance boundary of this type of MZMs.
Metamagnetic transition in single-crystalline UIr$$_{2}$$Si$$_{2}$$
Authors: Szlawska Maria , Majewicz Magdalena , Kowalska Dorota A. , Kaczorowski Dariusz 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA single crystal of the ternary uranium silicide UIr$$_{2}$$

2

Si$$_{2}$$

2

was studied by means of of X-ray diffraction, magnetization, heat capacity and electrical transport measurements. The studied compound orders antiferromagnetically at the Néel temperature of 5.5 K and undergoes a metamagnetic transition at 1.8 K in a field of 1.52 T. The metamagnetic transition has a spin-flop character.
Whole-brain characterization of apoptosis after sevoflurane anesthesia reveals neuronal cell death patterns in the mouse neonatal neocortex
Authors: Areias Julie , Sola Chrystelle , Chastagnier Yan , Pico Julien , Bouquier Nathalie , Dadure Christophe , Perroy Julie , Szabo Vivien 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn the last two decades, safety concerns about general anesthesia (GA) arose from studies documenting brain cell death in various pharmacological conditions and animal models. Nowadays, a thorough characterization of sevoflurane-induced apoptosis in the entire neonatal mouse brain would help identify and further focus on underlying mechanisms. We performed whole-brain mapping of sevoflurane-induced apoptosis in post-natal day (P) 7 mice using tissue clearing and immunohistochemistry. We found an anatomically heterogenous increase in cleaved-caspase-3 staining. The use of a novel P7 brain atlas showed that the neocortex was the most affected area, followed by the striatum and the metencephalon. Histological characterization in cortical slices determined that post-mitotic neurons were the most affected cell type and followed inter- and intracortical gradients with maximal apoptosis in the superficial layers of the posterodorsal cortex. The unbiased anatomical mapping used here allowed us to confirm sevoflurane-induced apoptosis in the perinatal period, neocortical involvement, and indicated striatal and metencephalic damage while suggesting moderate hippocampal one. The identification of neocortical gradients is consistent with a maturity-dependent mechanism. Further research could then focus on the interference of sevoflurane with neuronal migration and survival during development.
Positive and negative psychosocial impacts on cancer survivors
Authors: Yao Grace , Lai Jin-Shei , Garcia Sofia F. , Yount Susan , Cella David 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to understand psychosocial impacts on cancer survivors using the patient-reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS) Psychosocial Illness Impact banks. Cancer survivors (n = 509; age: 59.5 ± 1.4; 51.5% men) completed the PROMIS positive and negative illness impact items consisting of four sub-domains: self-concept (SC), social impact (SI), stress response (SR), and spirituality (Sp). Illness impact was defined as changed scores from items measuring “current” experiences to recalled experiences prior to cancer diagnosis. Descriptive statistics, effect sizes (ES), and coefficient of variation (CV) were calculated at item and sub-domain levels. Analysis of variance was used to identify potentially influential factors on the impacts. Our study found survivors reported stronger positive than negative impacts (overall ES mean: 0.30 vs. 0.23) in general; and more moderate (ES ≧ 0.30) positive than negative impacts at the item level, 54.3% (25 of 46) and 40% (16 of 40) for positive and negative items, respectively. Participants reported more positive impacts on SI and Sp but more negative impacts on SR. The CV results showed more individual differences appeared on positive SC items. Younger survivors reported stronger positive and negative impacts. Women reported higher positive impacts. Survivors with higher education levels tended to have higher positive SI impacts, while those with a lower family income reported higher negative SI and negative SR impacts. We conclude positive and negative psychosocial impacts coexisted—the strength of impacts varied across sub-domains. Age, gender, education, and family income influenced the psychosocial impacts reported by survivors. These findings provide a foundation to develop interventions to strengthen positive and minimize negative impacts and improve cancer survivors’ overall well-being.
Catalytic asymmetric Friedel–Crafts alkylation of unprotected indoles with nitroalkenes using a novel chiral Yb(OTf)3–pybox complex
Authors: Karimi Babak , Jafari Ehsan , Mansouri Fariborz , Tavakolian Mina 
Published: September 2023

AbstractChiral chloro-indeno pybox has served as a new ligand for the Yb(OTf)3-catalyzed asymmetric Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction of indoles with nitroalkenes. The tunable nature of pybox ligands enables the rational design of catalysts for optimal performance in terms of both activity and stereoselectivity in a Friedel–Crafts-type reaction. Good to excellent yields and enantioselectivities were obtained for a relatively wide range of substrates, including sterically hindered compounds, under optimized reaction conditions.