bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N,N-Dimethylacetamide Targets Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease in In-vitro and Ex-vivo Models
Authors: Wei Zeng-Hui , Koya Jagadish , Acharekar Nikita , Trejos Jesus , Dong Xing-Duo , Schanne Francis A. , Ashby Charles R. , Reznik Sandra E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic degenerative brain disorder with no clear pathogenesis or effective cure, accounting for 60–80% cases of dementia. In recent years, the importance of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of AD and other neurodegenerative disorders has come into focus. Previously, we made the serendipitous discovery that the widely used drug excipient N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) attenuates endotoxin-induced inflammatory responses in vivo. In the current work, we investigate the effect of DMA on neuroinflammation and its mechanism of action in in-vitro and ex-vivo models of AD. We show that DMA significantly suppresses the production of inflammatory mediators, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) and various cytokines and chemokines, as well as amyloid-β (Aβ), in cultured microglia and organotypic hippocampal slices induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We also demonstrate that DMA inhibits Aβ-induced inflammation. Finally, we show that the mechanism of DMA’s effect on neuroinflammation is inhibition of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway and we show how DMA dismantles the positive feedback loop between NF-κB and Ab synthesis. Taken together, our findings suggest that DMA, a generally regarded as safe compound that crosses the blood brain barrier, should be further investigated as a potential therapy for Alzheimer’s disease and neuroinflammatory disorders.
Lethal and sublethal heat-exposure of bed bugs (Cimex lectularius L.) causes alarm pheromone emission and elicits a movement response in nearby recipients
Authors: Ashbrook Aaron , Feder Jeffrey , Bennett Gary , Ginzel Matthew , Gondhalekar Ameya 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Many gregarious insect species use aggregation and alarm pheromones. The bed bug, Cimex lectularius L., emits an alarm pheromone (AP), a 70/30 blend of (E)-2-hexenal and (E)-2-octenal, when threatened. Bed bugs avoid temperatures above 45 °C, which are lethal to bugs and used commercially as spatial heat treatments to manage infestations. However, the interaction of bed bug AP in heat avoidance has not been investigated. The goal of this research was to: 1) determine if bed bugs emit AP as an alarm response to heat exposure, and 2) quantify the behavioral responses of conspecifics to AP emitted by heat-exposed bed bugs. Using a selected ion flow tube mass spectrometer, we found that bed bugs responded to lethal and sublethal heat exposure by emitting AP. The Harlan laboratory population emitted more pheromone than a field collected population from McCall, FL. Harlan females emitted the most AP, followed by Harlan males, McCall females and males. In separate behavioral experiments, we showed that conspecifics (i.e., recipients) reacted to AP released by heat exposed bed bugs (i.e., emitters) by frantically moving within 50 mm and 100 mm test areas. The laboratory population recipients were more reactive to AP than bed bugs from the field population in 100 mm areas. Synthetic AP components tested in behavioral experiments caused identical effects as the natural AP blend released by heat-exposed bed bugs. Our finding that bed bugs emit AP after exposure to high temperatures has important implications for heat treatment-based pest management.
Potential utility of 68Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 as a broad-spectrum benign disease imaging agent—comparison with 18F-FDG and 99mTc-MDP
Authors: Li Yi , Deng Li , Feng Yue , Chen Yue , Lv Furong , Qiu Lin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To compare the detection performance of 68Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and 18F-FDG PET/CT for patients with various benign diseases and that of 68Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT and 99mTc-MDP single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) for patients with benign bone lesions.
Methods
In total, 111 patients underwent two types of radionuclide examination. This prospective study included 89 patients who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT and 68Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT and 22 patients who underwent 99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT and 68Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT from January 2020 to June 2022. The lesion number, T value, and B value were recorded to calculate the true positive rate and T/B value. The detection performance of 68Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04, 18F-FDG PET/CT, and 99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT for benign lesions was compared using the T/B value, T value (SUVmax in PET/CT), and true positive rate. Paired sample t-tests were conducted for comparisons.
Results
This study comprised 111 patients, 53 men and 58 women (mean age, 53 ± 15.75 years). 68Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT demonstrated a higher uptake and detection rate for fibrotic disease (SUVmax [FAPI vs FDG: 6.26 ± 1.61 vs 2.38 ± 1.26], p1<.001; T/B value [FAPI vs FDG: 9.38 ± 2.78 vs 1.95 ± 1.33], p2<.001; and true positive rate 100% vs 26.3%), infectious disease (T/B value [FAPI vs FDG: 14.15 ± 12.42 vs 6.70 ± 5.87], p2 < .05; and true positive rate 94% vs 82%), and benign tumour (T/B value [FAPI vs FDG: 6.49 ± 5.85 vs 1.96 ± 2.03], p2 < .05; and true positive rate 70% vs 52%) than 18F-FDG PET/CT. 68Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT demonstrated a lower uptake and comparable detection rate for benign bone disease (T/B value [FAPI vs FDG: 5.46 ± 2.91 vs 23.58 ± 15.37], p < .001; and true positive rate 90% vs 99%) when compared with 99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT.
Conclusion
68Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 could be used in the clinical setting as a benign disease imaging agent and a complement to traditional nuclide imaging agents.
Trial registration No.:
ChiCTR2100044131
Extraction, structural characterization, and biological activities of a new glucan from Codonopsis pilosula
Authors: Lu Shanshan , Gu Wei , Ma Qihan , Tian Rong , Qiu Rongli , Ma Lijie , Wu Yinzhi , Liu Mengxue , Tang Junjie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this study, a powerful and rapid aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) method was used to extract polysaccharides fromCodonopsis pilosula. The ATPS process was investigated with response surface methodology (RSM). At an ammonium sulfate concentration of 17%, ethanol concentration of 30%, and extraction temperature of 40 °C at pH 6, the total extraction yield of polysaccharides reached (31.57 ± 1.28) %. After separation and purification using a DEAE-52 cellulose column and dextran gel G-200, homogenized polysaccharide CPP 2–4 with a molecular weight of 3.9⋅104kDa was obtained from the lower phase. The physicochemical properties and structural features confirmed that CPP 2–4 was an a-1,6-glucan. Activity studies showed that the IC50of CPP 2–4 for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging was 0.105 mg/mL. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays showed that CPP 2–4 had strong antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, CPP 2–4 inhibited NO release in RAW264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which indicated a certain anti-inflammatory effect. This study improved upon the low extraction rate of polysaccharides fromCodonopsis pilosulaand identified a glucan inCodonopsis pilosulafor the first time. This study contributes to a better understanding of the composition and structure of polysaccharides fromCodonopsis pilosula, provides a basis for the development ofCodonopsis pilosulapolysaccharides in food and health products, and provides data support for the medicine and food homology ofCodonopsis pilosula.
Generation of equatorial plasma bubble after the 2022 Tonga volcanic eruption
Authors: Shinbori Atsuki , Sori Takuya , Otsuka Yuichi , Nishioka Michi , Perwitasari Septi , Tsuda Takuo , Kumamoto Atsushi , Tsuchiya Fuminori , Matsuda Shoya , Kasahara Yoshiya , Matsuoka Ayako , Nakamura Satoko , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Shinohara Iku 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Equatorial plasma bubbles are a phenomenon of plasma density depletion with small-scale density irregularities, normally observed in the equatorial ionosphere. This phenomenon, which impacts satellite-based communications, was observed in the Asia-Pacific region after the largest-on-record January 15, 2022 eruption of the Tonga volcano. We used satellite and ground-based ionospheric observations to demonstrate that an air pressure wave triggered by the Tonga volcanic eruption could cause the emergence of an equatorial plasma bubble. The most prominent observation result shows a sudden increase of electron density and height of the ionosphere several ten minutes to hours before the arrival of the air pressure wave in the lower atmosphere. After the ionospheric perturbations, plasma density depletion appeared in the equatorial and low-latitude ionosphere. We stress that tracking of such ionospheric signals before the initial arrival of the air pressure wave helps us to predict the arrival and scale of Tsunami.
Experimental and numerical investigation of extrudate swell of polylactic acid via Extrusion-based Additive Manufacturing process
Authors: Wang Hong , rabhi faleh , Cherouat Abel , Gilbin Alexandre , Barriere Thierry 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Extrusion swell is a rheological phenomenon of polymers that occurs after the extrusion die exit due to relaxation of the residual molecular stress. This phenomenon is essential to ensure the accuracy and stability of components manufactured by Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing (EAM) process. Extrudate swell can be affected by multiple factors including material properties and processing parameters that can be coupled and it is difficult to fully understand their effects, especially in absence of accurate online measurement devices. In this study, we investigated experimentally the extrudate swell as a function of the extrusion rate, melt temperature and nozzle diameter for polylactic acid (PLA) material. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Level Set (LS) method in COMSOL Multiphysics were used to simulate the polymer flow out of the extrusion nozzle. The simulation results match well with experimental results and show that the swell rate decreases with increasing temperature and nozzle diameter and decreasing extrusion rate. These results can be used to optimize the parameters of EAM processes.
Engineering exchange bias at the interface of self-polarized ultrathin ferroelectric BaTiO3 and ferromagnetic La0.67Sr0.33MnO3
Authors: Maity Tuhin , Bansal Manisha , Dolui Kapildeb , Zhang Di , He Zihao , Nataf Guillaume , Lovett Adam , Ghidini Massimo , Dhesi Sarnjeet , Lu Ping , Wang Haiyan , Li Weiwei , MacManus-Driscoll Judith 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Atomic-scale interfaces of 3d transition-metal oxides are a fascinating landscape of atomic-scale interaction of spins, charge transfers, lattice distortions, and orbital reconstructions. Emergent physical phenomena originating at such interfaces have huge potential for next-generation nanoscale spintronic devices. Among them, exchange bias (EB) has been extensively studied owing to its importance for device applications such as high-density memory and magnetic sensor. Here, at the interface of epitaxially grown ferromagnetic La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO) – ferroelectric BaTiO3 (BTO) bilayer thin films on SrTiO3 (STO) substrates, we demonstrate EB coupling (exchange bias shift, HE ~50 Oe at 2 K) without any conventional antiferromagnet. Such EB coupling is observed only for LSMO and BTO layers of <10 nm thickness. Importantly, we find that the EB coupling follows a conventional training effect, bias field dependency, and temperature dependency. By undertaking X-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements of the epitaxial heterostructures, it is observed that Ti in the BTO exhibits magnetization at 2 K which can be reversibly switched between two distinct magnetization states on switching the magnetic field direction. High resolution electron microscopy and ab initio calculations show that the displacement of Ti4+ in the highly strained ultrathin BTO displaces the interfacial Mn4+ from its centrosymmetric position in LSMO, changing its d-orbital occupancy to favour an antiferromagnetic spin configuration. This in turn leads to an interfacial EB effect from ferroelectric polarization. This work represents an important step towards a new class of memory devices by controlled ferroic polarization and EB coupling in the same device.
Finerenone attenuates myocardial apoptosis, metabolic disturbance and myocardial fibrosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Jin Tao , Fu Xiangrui , Liu Ming , An Fengshuang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Finerenone is a third-generation mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, which has shown good cardiac function improvement in patients with type 2 diabetes in large-scale clinical trials. However, its specific role in diabetic cardiomyopathy remains unclear. We explored the potential functions and mechanisms of finerenone in diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Methods
After Sprague‐Dawley rats were induced with high-fat diet to produce insulin resistance, Streptozotocin was injected intraperitoneally to induce type 2 diabetic rats (n=6, each group), and finerenone (1mg/kg/day) was treated for 8 weeks, and then detected cardiac structure and function and various indicators. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were used for in vitro culture to determine the direct effect of finerenone on cardiomyocytes stimulated by high glucose and high fatty acid.
Results
Compared with the control group, rats in the type 2 diabetes group exhibited hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and impaired cardiac function. Myocardium showed increased fibrosis and apoptosis. Finerenone attenuated these impairments without changing blood glucose levels. In neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, high concentrations of palmitic acid stimulated increased fatty acid uptake, as well as increased reactive oxygen species and apoptosis. Finerenone significantly improved fatty acid metabolism, reduced cellular inflammation levels, and decreased apoptosis.
Conclusions
By blocking the mineralocorticoid receptor, finerenone attenuates cardiac steatosis, myocardial fibrosis and apoptosis, and subsequent myocardial remodeling and diastolic dysfunction in type II diabetic rats.
Development of Multi-Biosignal Monitoring System for Spatial Disorientation Training Simulators
Authors: Jung Sung-Oh , Kim Youngbeom , Park Byoung-Ha 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study observes the changes in the biological signals of a passenger exposed to spatial disorientation (SD) by developing a system that monitors the biosignals of a subject using an SD virtual training simulator in real time. SD refers to the inability to determine one’s position, posture, and motion with respect to the body-fixed coordinate system under gravitational effects. SD occurs mainly at night or in environments where visual flight rules cannot be applied, and flight is not permitted. Many pilots experience SD episodes in flight, and SD accounts for more than 25% of medium- and large-scale aviation accidents. To overcome this challenge, an SD-inducing simulator has been built. A biological signal monitoring system that observes the biosignals of a passenger experiencing SD will be developed in the future to contribute to the study of the relationship between SD and biosignals.
Uncovering the Gene Profile of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia
Using Gradient Boosted Trees
Authors: Angelakis Athanasios , Nathoe Romar , Filippakis Michael 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Applying the iterative methodology for dimensionality reduction using categorical gradient boosted trees, as it has been defined in [9], on a dataset consisted of 12708 genes expressions coming from 5052 individuals from 105 studies, we classify whether a person has acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) or is healthy. A CatBoost model on the dataset with reduced dimensions of 72 genes reached a ROC- AUC score of 0.9973 and F1-score: 0.9983 using ten fold cross validation and ROC-AUC: 0.9988 and F1-score: 0.9988 on an inference dataset. The dimension of the genes used by the previous model is then further reduced by removing the genes that do not have any bibliographic reference to AML. A CatBoost model is trained on this final dataset consisting of 63 genes, providing a ROC-AUC score of 0.9941 and F1-score: 0.9973 on ten fold cross validation and ROC-AUC: 0.9942 and F1-score: 0.9964 showing that not all genes with a correlation to AML have been found yet. This work could be considered as complimentary to the work of [9] where they used probe-sets. We conclude that the iterative method defined in [9] can lead to the identification of the gene profile of AML and also to identification of genes associated to AML which have never been correlated to the disease before.
Mycorrhizal fungal colonization promotes apparent growth and physiology of Alhagi sparsifolia seedlings under salt or drought stress at vulnerable developmental stage
Authors: Chen Xiaonan , Yilinuer Aili , Ma Xiaodong , Wang Haiou , Maigepiretiguli Dawuti 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Alhagi sparsifolia is a dominant species in the lower Tarim River desert ecosystem and an important mycorrhizal symbiont. However, it is unclear how its seedlings cope with salt and drought stresses and develop effective survival strategies with the assistance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) during the vulnerable growth stage. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of salt or drought stress on the growth rate; nutrient uptake; photosynthesis; and the levels of antioxidant enzymes, osmoregulatory substances, and hormones in A. sparsifolia seedlings. We included following six groups: control/CK-NM (without salt or drought stress and no AMF inoculation), D-NM (drought stress and no AMF inoculation), S-NM (salt stress and no AMF inoculation), CK-AM (AMF inoculation and no salt or drought stress), D-AM (drought stress and AMF inoculation), and S-AM (salt stress and AMF inoculation). The results revealed that AMF inoculation promoted seedling growth, particularly root growth and phosphorus nutrient uptake, in A. sparsifolia. Salt and drought stresses negatively affected the growth, photosynthetic capacity, and nutrient accumulation in the above- and below-ground parts of the seedlings and stimulated the antioxidant defense system and accumulation of osmoregulatory substances in them. AMF inoculation under salt and drought stresses could alleviate toxic symptoms in A. sparsifolia by promoting root growth, enhancing nutrient uptake, activating antioxidant enzyme activity, and regulating hormonal levels. These effects of AMF were mainly reflected in root growth under drought stress and antioxidant enzyme activity under salt stress. The beneficial effect of AMF under salt stress was better than that under drought stress. This study demonstrated that AMF plays a significant role in assisting A. sparsifolia seedlings to quickly pass through the vulnerable growth stage under salt and drought stresses. Therefore, A. sparsifolia seedlings with AMF have potential application in restoration of desert ecosystem.
A comparison of fecal settlement vis-to-vis stripping method to assess apparent digestibility coefficients of the animal and plant origin feedstuffs in sub-yearling beluga, Huso huso
Authors: Hassani Mir Hamed Sayed , Banavreh Akbar , Sajjadi Mir Masoud , Falahatkar Bahram , Jalillpou Jalill 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of feedstuffs are assayed for economic feed formulations and eco-friendly. ADCs of fourteen feedstuffs from three origins of feedstuffs were appraised in terms of apparent digestibility of crude protein (ADCCP), crude lipid (ADCCL), dry matter (ADCDM), and gross energy (ADCGE) for sub-yearling beluga, Husu huso, via stripping and settlement methods. The ingredients included four fishmeals, anchovy meal (AM), full-fat Anchovy meal (FFAM), tuna by-products (TBM), and miscellaneous carp by-products (MCM), three animal proteins, poultry by-product (PBM), blood meal (BM), and meat and bone meal (MBM), and six plant origin, wheat gluten (WG), corn gluten (CG), wheat meal (WM), corn meal (CM), canola meal (CAM), prepared soybean (PSM), and soybean meal (SM). A reference diet mixed with feedstuffs with 1% chromic oxide as the inert marker with a 70:30 ratio to produce test diets. In the settlement method, fish meal ADCs of dry matter fluctuated from 88.87% to 96.38%, and ADCCP from 89.41% to 94.90%, so that the highest and lowest (p < 0.05) values were observed in AM and TBM, respectively. A similar trend was observed in the stripping method compared to the settlement method with a decrease in the average ADCs by about 6%. In the animal protein, except for ADCGE, the lowest values of ADCDM, ADCCP, and ADCCL were observed in blood meal tested diet (p < 0.05), while the energy digestibility of meat and bone meal was notably lower than those of the other ingredients (p < 0.05). The mean ADCs of two methods of feces collection of plant protein feedstuffs were ranked behind fish meals and ahead of animal protein. The highest ADCDM, ADCCP, and ADCCL of botanic origin were observed in plant protein concentrate (gluten) (p < 0.05), and soybean products ranked second. The Univariate The Univariate Analysis of Variance test showed a interaction of fishmeal feedstuffs and method of fecal collection on ADCDM (P-value = 0.02) but ADCCL , ADCCP and ADCGE were not affected, so that the ADCDM of fishmeal sources in collection method was more than the digestibility in the stripping method. Interaction between animal protein feedstuffs and method of fecal collection affected to ADCCP and ADCCL.
Comparative Analysis of RCNN and Faster R-CNN for Text Detection in a Poor Quality Topographic Map
Authors: Pradhan Ashis , Pradhan Mohan P. , Pradhan Ratika 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Topographic Map (TM) highlights essential morphological features. Some notable features include contours, elevation values, etc. It may be either distinct or overlapped with other features. All these attributes are annotations written using distinct color codes. These features along with their associated attributes is used for various morphological analyses. The process of extracting morphological features along with attributes from map is referred as digitization. Digitization is done manually or with an abled automatic computational process. The manual process is tedious and time-consuming whereas automated process takes comparatively lesser time but generates quality results. With advanced learning techniques, quality and integrity of result have considerably increased. CNN adopts traditional MLP where convolution layers replaces intermediate hidden layers in the network. Convolutional layers build a versatile mechanism to enable the detector to identify the features. This paper presents comparison of RCNN and Faster RCNN model result to detect and locate text present in the TM.