bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismic Observation and Location of a Meteor Burst From a Dense Station Deployment in Southern Spain
Authors: Stich Daniel , Casado Rabasco Josué , Madiedo José María , Guerrero Rascado Juan Luis , Morales Soto Jose 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA meteor event on 11 December 2016 in southern Spain was accompanied by an audible boom and felt vibrations. Acousto‐seismic coupling of the near‐field pressure wave has been recorded by an unusually large number of 44 local seismic stations. Considering the ERA5 atmospheric temperature and wind speed model, we can attribute the seismic detections to a point source at 38 km height, coincident with the most luminous fragmentation event recorded by meteor cameras. We show and analyze waveforms, spectrograms and signal polarization along a dense, temporary broadband transect in the area. Seismic records show important differences between them, like large variability in polarization, amplitudes and frequency content, emphasizing the role of local effects. The duration and complexity of waveforms can be attributed to path and site effects, including multipathing through small‐scale atmospheric heterogeneity and scattering of the incoming acoustic wavefield at local topography.
Cloud‐Radiation Feedback Prevents Tropical Cyclones From Reaching Higher Intensities
Authors: Yang Bolei , Guo Xi , Gu Jian‐Feng , Nie Ji 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe prediction of tropical cyclone (TC) intensity remains a major scientific challenge. Recent studies indicate that cloud‐radiation feedback (CRF) plays a positive role in the intensification of TCs during their genesis. However, little attention has been given to how CRF affects TC intensity after genesis. This study shows that CRF may prevents TCs from attaining higher maximum intensities. The ascending motion induced by the anomalous radiative heating of TC promotes more latent heating on the outer side of the upper eyewall, resulting in a more tilted eyewall. A more tilted eyewall leads to a larger inner‐core size and less inward flux of absolute vertical vorticity within the inner core, thus preventing the TC from reaching higher intensity. This work highlights that CRF may affect TC intensity by modulating the structure of the inner‐core convection, and further advances our understanding of the interaction between radiation effect and TC dynamics.
Precipitating Fraction, Not Intensity, Explains Extreme Coarse‐Grained Precipitation Clausius‐Clapeyron Scaling With Sea Surface Temperature Over Tropical Oceans
Authors: Roca Rémy , De Meyer Victorien , Muller Caroline 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe sensitivity of coarse‐grained daily extreme precipitation to sea surface temperature is analyzed using satellite precipitation estimates over the 300–302.5 K range. A theoretical scaling is proposed, linking changes in coarse‐grained precipitation to changes in fine‐scale hourly precipitation area fraction and changes in conditional fine‐scale precipitation rates. The analysis reveals that the extreme coarse‐grained precipitation scaling with temperature (∼7%/K) is dominated by the fine‐scale precipitating fraction scaling (∼6.5%/K) when using a 3 mm/h fine‐scale threshold to delineate the precipitating fraction. These results are shown to be robust to the selection of the precipitation product and to the percentile used to characterize the extreme. This new coarse‐grained scaling is further related to the well‐known scaling for fine‐scale precipitation extremes, and suggests a compensation between thermodynamic and dynamic contributions or that both contributions are small with respect to that of fractional coverage. These results suggest that processes responsible for the changes in fractional coverage are to be accounted for to assess the sensitivity of coarse‐grained extreme daily precipitation to surface temperature.
Slow Fault Slip Signatures in Coseismic Ionospheric Disturbances
Authors: Heki Kosuke , Bagiya Mala S. , Takasaka Yuki 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRise times of earthquake moment release influence the spectra of seismic waves. For example, slow fault movements in tsunami earthquakes excite larger tsunamis than expected from intensities of short‐period seismic waves. Here we compare amplitudes of two different atmospheric waves, long‐period internal gravity waves and short‐period acoustic waves, excited by coseismic vertical crustal movements. We observe them as coseismic ionospheric disturbances by measuring ionospheric electrons using global navigation satellite systems. Four regular megathrust earthquakes Mw 8.0–9.0 showed that the internal gravity waves become ten times stronger as the magnitude increases by one. We found that the 2010 Mentawai earthquake, a typical tsunami earthquake, excited internal gravity waves stronger than those expected by this empirical relationship. On the other hand, amplitudes of acoustic waves excited by tsunami earthquakes were normal. This suggests that slow fault ruptures excite long‐period atmospheric waves efficiently, leaving a slow earthquake signature in ionospheric disturbances.
Division of Magnetic Flux Rope via Magnetic Reconnection Observed in the Magnetotail
Authors: Li Xinmin , Wang Rongsheng , Lu Quanming 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUsing high‐resolution data from Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission, we report an intense current layer at the center of a flux rope (FR) in the magnetotail. The intense current layer is caused by the compression of the ion bulk flows at the center of a FR rather than two interlaced flux tubes reported at the magnetopause previously. The intense current layer has been identified as an electron diffusion region of the magnetic reconnection, and the hall magnetic field generated by magnetic reconnection makes the FR show crater‐shaped. The reconnecting current layer is supported by the poloidal magnetic field of the FR, and it is dividing the FR into two secondary FRs. The observations suggest that magnetic FR can be compressed easily to excite instability inside it as it is propagating in the magnetotail current sheet, thus changing its magnetic topology.
Elasticity and Viscosity of hcp Iron at Earth's Inner Core Conditions From Machine Learning‐Based Large‐Scale Atomistic Simulations
Authors: Li Zhi , Scandolo Sandro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlthough considerable efforts have been made in the last years to examine the physical properties of hexagonal close‐packed (hcp) iron at extreme conditions, it remains challenging to explain many geophysical observations in Earth's inner core. Here we examine the elastic and plastic behavior of hcp iron and the effects of structural defects at inner core conditions using large‐scale atomistic simulations coupled with machine learning‐based interatomic potential. Our results suggest that the seismic anisotropy pattern in the inner core can be ascribed to the elastic anisotropy (6%) of hcp iron. The observed low shear wave velocity is largely produced by viscous grain boundaries in iron polycrystal. We also found highly mobile and abundant vacancies in hcp iron yield a viscous strength (1015±1) that is consistent with the geophysical observations. Therefore, our findings highlight the role played by structural defects and lessen the demand for light elements to explain the observed seismic data.
Relative Afterslip Moment Does Not Correlate With Aftershock Productivity: Implications for the Relationship Between Afterslip and Aftershocks
Authors: Churchill R. M. , Werner M. J. , Biggs J. , Fagereng Å. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAseismic afterslip has been proposed to drive aftershock sequences. Both afterslip moment and aftershock number broadly increase with mainshock size, but can vary beyond this scaling. We examine whether relative afterslip moment (afterslip moment/mainshock moment) correlates with several key aftershock sequence characteristics, including aftershock number and cumulative moment (both absolute and relative to mainshock size), seismicity rate change, b‐value, and Omori decay exponent. We select Mw ≥ 4.5 aftershocks for 41 tectonically varied mainshocks with available afterslip models. Against expectation, relative afterslip moment does not correlate with tested aftershock characteristics or background seismicity rate. Furthermore, adding afterslip moment to mainshock moment does not improve predictions of aftershock number. Our findings place useful empirical constraints on the link between afterslip and potentially damaging Mw ≥ 4.5 aftershocks and raise questions regarding the role afterslip plays in aftershock generation.
Variations in Lithospheric Thickness Across the Denali Fault and in Northern Alaska
Authors: Gama Isabella , Fischer Karen M. , Dalton Colleen A. , Eilon Zachary 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhile variations in crustal structure beneath the Denali fault in Alaska are well‐documented, the existence of fault‐correlated structures throughout the entire thickness of the continental lithosphere is not. A new model of shear‐wave velocity structure obtained through joint inversion of surface wave and converted body wave data shows a northward increase in lithospheric thickness and velocity occurring across the Denali fault system. In northern Alaska, a dramatic increase in lithospheric thickness at the southern margin of the Arctic‐Alaska terrane lies in the vicinity of the Kobuk fault system. These correlations support the view that transpressive deformation tends to localize at the margins of thicker, higher‐strength lithosphere.
Offshore Landward Motion Shortly After a Subduction Earthquake Implies Rapid Relocking of the Shallow Megathrust
Authors: D’Acquisto Mario , Govers Rob 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGeodetic observations after large subduction earthquakes reflect multiple postseismic processes, including megathrust relocking. The timing of relocking and the observational constraints on it are unclear. Relocking was inferred to explain some observed landward motion that occurs within months. It was also considered unable to explain other, greater landward motion, including that off the coast of Japan beginning weeks after the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, attributed to postseismic relaxation. We use generic, 3D numerical models to show that relocking, particularly of the shallow interface, is needed for postseismic relaxation to produce landward motion on the tip of the overriding plate. We argue that this finding is consistent with previous simulations that implicitly relock the megathrust where afterslip is not included. We conclude that the Tohoku megathrust relocked within less than 2 months of the earthquake. This suggests that the shallow megathrust probably behaves as a true, unstably sliding asperity.
Coseismic Slip Model of the 2022 Mw 6.7 Luding (Tibet) Earthquake: Pre‐ and Post‐Earthquake Interactions With Surrounding Major Faults
Authors: Li Yanchuan , Zhao Dezheng , Shan Xinjian , Gao Zhiyu , Huang Xing , Gong Wenyu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe 5 September 2022 Mw 6.7 Luding earthquake occurred on the Moxi segment of the highly active Xianshuihe fault in eastern Tibet. Here, we constrain the coseismic slip by jointly inverting the coseismic displacements measured by Global Positioning System, seismometer and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar. Along the Moxi fault, concentrated left‐lateral strike slip extends ∼30 km along the strike above 10 km depth, producing 0.7–1.0 m shallow slip. Clustered aftershocks and slip inversions suggest that the secondary conjugate Mozigou fault may also involve the rupture. Southward rupture propagation is likely arrested by the barrier‐like fault segments of the Xianshuihe fault, characterized by high interseismic coupling (>0.6) and reduced shear stress rate (<1 kPa/yr) due to interactions with surrounding large locked asperities. The distribution of aftershocks is highly correlated with the positive coseismic Coulomb failure stress changes , which bring the adjacent asperities on the Anninghe and Daliangshan faults ∼0.2 MPa closer to failure.
Array‐Based Teleseismic Love Wave Tomography
Authors: Zhao Kaifeng , Yang Yingjie , Luo Yinhe 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFundamental mode Love waves from earthquakes can be contaminated by higher modes, which can affect the accuracy of phase velocity measurements. If such contaminations are not well dealt with, models of Earth's interior structures based on Love waves could be significantly biased. In this study, we develop an array‐based teleseismic Love wave tomography method that can mitigate higher‐mode interference effects and therefore obtain more accurate phase‐velocity maps compared to previous studies. By applying our tomography method to synthetic data, we first illustrate the effectiveness of our method in construction phase velocity maps of fundamental Love waves when 30% of Love waves are contaminated by higher modes. In addition, as a case study, we apply our method to field data from the Western United States to construct phase velocity maps at 20–100 s period. By comparing phase velocity maps obtained by our method with those obtained by ambient noise data which do not suffer the interferences of higher modes, we demonstrate our method can obtain Love wave phase velocity maps as accurately as those based on ambient noise data with deviations smaller than 0.5% of the average value of these phase velocity maps, further illustrating the validity of our method in constructing Love wave phase velocity maps.
Scaling of Moored Surface Ocean Turbulence Measurements in the Southeast Pacific Ocean
Authors: Miller Una Kim , Zappa Christopher J. , Zippel Seth F. , Farrar J. Thomas , Weller Robert A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEstimates of turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) dissipation rate (ε) are key in understanding how heat, gas, and other climate‐relevant properties are transferred across the air‐sea interface and mixed within the ocean. A relatively new method involving moored pulse‐coherent acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) allows for estimates of ε with concurrent surface flux and wave measurements across an extensive length of time and range of conditions. Here, we present 9 months of moored estimates of ε at a fixed depth of 8.4 m at the Stratus mooring site (20°S, 85°W). We find that turbulence regimes are quantified similarly using the Obukhov length scale and the newer Langmuir stability length scale , suggesting that ocean‐side friction velocity implicitly captures the influence of Langmuir turbulence at this site. This is illustrated by a strong correlation between surface Stokes drift and that is likely facilitated by the steady Southeast trade winds regime. In certain regimes, , where is the von Kármán constant and is instrument depth, and surface buoyancy flux capture our estimates of well, collapsing data points near unity. We find that a newer Langmuir turbulence scaling, based on and , scales ε well at times but is overall less consistent than . Monin‐Obukhov similarity theory (MOST) relationships from prior studies in a variety of aquatic and atmospheric settings largely agree with our data in conditions where convection and wind‐driven current shear are both significant sources of TKE, but diverge in other regimes.
A Two‐Martian Years Survey of the Water Vapor Saturation State on Mars Based on ACS NIR/TGO Occultations
Authors: Fedorova Anna , Montmessin Franck , Trokhimovskiy Alexander , Luginin Mikhail , Korablev Oleg , Alday Juan , Belyaev Denis , Holmes James , Lefevre Franck , Olsen Kevin , Patrakeev Andrey , Shakun Alexey 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOn Mars, condensation is the major factor constraining the vertical distribution of water vapor. Recent measurements of water and temperature profiles showed that water can be strongly supersaturated at and above the level where clouds form during the aphelion and perihelion seasons. Since 2018, the near‐infrared spectrometer (NIR) of the Atmospheric Chemistry Suite onboard the Trace Gas Orbiter has measured H2O and temperature profiles using solar occultation in the infrared from below 10 to 100 km of altitude. Here, we provide the first long‐term monitoring of the water saturation state. The survey spans 2 Martian years from Ls = 163° of MY34 to Ls = 170° of MY36. We found that water is often supersaturated above aerosol layers. In the aphelion season, the water mixing ratio above 40 km in the mid‐to‐high latitudes was below 3 ppmv and yet is found to be supersaturated. Around the perihelion, water is also supersaturated above 60 km with a mixing ratio of 30–50 ppmv. Stronger saturation is observed during the dusty season in MY35 compared to what was observed in MY34 during the Global Dust Storm and around the perihelion. Saturation varied between the evening and morning terminators in response to temperature modulation imparted by thermal tides. Although water vapor is more abundant in the evening, colder morning temperatures induce a daily peak of saturation. This data set establishes a new paradigm for water vapor on Mars, revealing that supersaturation is nearly ubiquitous, particularly during the dust season, thereby promoting water escape on an annual average.
Forecast of the Energetic Electron Environment of the Radiation Belts
Authors: Walker Simon N. , Boynton Richard J. , Shprits Yuri Y. , Balikhin Michael A. , Drozdov Alexander Y. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDifferent modeling methodologies possess different strengths and weakness. For instance, data based models may provide superior accuracy but have a limited spatial coverage while physics based models may provide lower accuracy but provide greater spatial coverage. This study investigates the coupling of a data based model of the electron fluxes at geostationary orbit (GEO) with a numerical model of the radiation belt region to improve the resulting forecasts/pastcasts of electron fluxes over the whole radiation belt region. In particular, two coupling methods are investigated. The first assumes an average value for L* for GEO, namely = 6.2. The second uses a value of L* that varies with geomagnetic activity, quantified using the Kp index. As the terrestrial magnetic field responds to variations in geomagnetic activity, the value of L* will vary for a specific location. In this coupling method, the value of L* is calculated using the Kp driven Tsyganenko 89c magnetic field model for field line tracing. It is shown that this addition can result in changes in the initialization of the parameters at the Versatile Electron Radiation Belt model outer boundary. Model outputs are compared to Van Allen Probes MagEIS measurements of the electron fluxes in the inner magnetosphere for the March 2015 geomagnetic storm. It is found that the fixed coupling method produces a more realistic forecast.
The patient/physician relationship in a post-Roe world: a neonatologist viewpoint
Authors: Barnes-Davis Maria E. , Cortezzo DonnaMaria E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Supreme Court ruling in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization has far-reaching implications that go beyond the practice of obstetrics and gynecology. The ruling and subsequent laws and bills impact many specialties and have implications for healthcare as a whole. The rapidly changing medicolegal landscape has significant bearings on and implications for the fields of neonatology and pediatrics. These rulings have an impact on the patient-physician relationship and a shared decision-making approach to care. Furthermore, there are significant sequelae of forced birth and resuscitation. This review provides a clinically relevant update of the current medicolegal landscape and applications to the practice of neonatology.
Stereodivergent synthesis of chiral succinimides via Rh-catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation
Authors: Wang Fangyuan , Zhang Zongpeng , Chen Yu , Ratovelomanana-Vidal Virginie , Yu Peiyuan , Chen Gen-Qiang , Zhang Xumu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractChiral succinimide moieties are ubiquitous in biologically active natural products and pharmaceuticals. Until today, despite the great interest, little success has been made for stereodivergent synthesis of chiral succinimides. Here, we report a general and efficient method for accessing 3,4-disubstituted succinimides through a dynamic kinetic resolution strategy based on asymmetric transfer hydrogenation. The Rh catalyst system exhibit high activities, enantioselectivities, and diastereoselectivities (up to 2000 TON, up to >99% ee, and up to >99:1 dr). Products with syn- and anti-configuration are obtained separately by control of the reaction conditions. For the N-unprotected substrates, both the enol and the imide group can be reduced by control of reaction time and catalyst loading. In addition, the detailed reaction pathway and origin of stereoselectivity are elucidated by control experiments and theoretical calculations. This study offers a straightforward and stereodivergent approach to the valuable enantioenriched succinimides (all 4 stereoisomers) from cheap chemical feedstocks in a single reaction step.
Spontaneous electric-polarization topology in confined ferroelectric nematics
Authors: Yang Jidan , Zou Yu , Tang Wentao , Li Jinxing , Huang Mingjun , Aya Satoshi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTopological textures have fascinated people in different areas of physics and technologies. However, the observations are limited in magnetic and solid-state ferroelectric systems. Ferroelectric nematic is the first liquid-state ferroelectric that would carry many possibilities of spatially-distributed polarization fields. Contrary to traditional magnetic or crystalline systems, anisotropic liquid crystal interactions can compete with the polarization counterparts, thereby setting a challenge in understating their interplays and the resultant topologies. Here, we discover chiral polarization meron-like structures, which appear during the emergence and growth of quasi-2D ferroelectric nematic domains. The chirality can emerge spontaneously in polar textures and can be additionally biased by introducing chiral dopants. Such micrometre-scale polarization textures are the modified electric variants of the magnetic merons. Both experimental and an extended mean-field modelling reveal that the polarization strength plays a dedicated role in determining polarization topology, providing a guide for exploring diverse polar textures in strongly-polarized liquid crystals.
Serum metabolic traits reveal therapeutic toxicities and responses of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer
Authors: Wang Hongmiao , Jia Huixun , Gao Yang , Zhang Haosong , Fan Jin , Zhang Lijie , Ren Fandong , Yin Yandong , Cai Yuping , Zhu Ji , Zhu Zheng-Jiang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNeoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) has become the standard treatment for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Therapeutic efficacy of nCRT is significantly affected by treatment-induced diarrhea and hematologic toxicities. Metabolic alternations in cancer therapy are key determinants to therapeutic toxicities and responses, but exploration in large-scale clinical studies remains limited. Here, we analyze 743 serum samples from 165 LARC patients recruited in a phase III clinical study using untargeted metabolomics and identify responsive metabolic traits over the course of nCRT. Pre-therapeutic serum metabolites successfully predict the chances of diarrhea and hematologic toxicities during nCRT. Particularly, levels of acyl carnitines are linked to sex disparity in nCRT-induced diarrhea. Finally, we show that differences in phenylalanine metabolism and essential amino acid metabolism may underlie distinct therapeutic responses of nCRT. This study illustrates the metabolic dynamics over the course of nCRT and provides potential to guide personalized nCRT treatment using responsive metabolic traits.