bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential stimulation of the respiratory burst and lysosomal enzyme secretion in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes by synthetic diacylglycerols.
Authors: Cox C C , Dougherty R W , Ganong B R , Bell R M , Niedel J E , Snyderman R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Binding of chemoattractants to receptors on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) stimulates the phosphodiesteric cleavage of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate to produce inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and 1,2-diacylglycerols. To investigate the possible second messenger function of diacylglycerols in PMN activation, we tested the ability of a series of synthetic sn 1,2-diacylglycerols, known to stimulate protein kinase C in other systems, to promote superoxide anion release, oxygen consumption, lysosomal enzyme secretion, and chemotaxis. None of the diacylglycerols initiated the chemotactic migration of PMN. Several of the diacylglycerols however, were, active in stimulating superoxide anion release and lysozyme secretion, with dioctanoylglycerol (diC8) being the most potent. Unexpectedly, didecanoylglycerol (diC10) induced lysosomal enzyme secretion, but failed to stimulate superoxide production or oxygen consumption. All other biologically active diacylglycerols tested displayed similar EC50 for stimulating lysozyme secretion and superoxide production. The ability of the diacylglycerols to compete for phorbol dibutyrate (PDBu) binding in intact PMN suggested a mechanism for the divergent biological activity of diC10. Although the compounds that stimulated both superoxide production and lysosomal enzyme secretion competed for essentially all [3H]PDBu binding from its receptor, diC10, which only stimulated secretion, competed for 45% of the bound [3H]PDBu. Thus diacylglycerols can selectively activate certain functions of leukocyte chemoattractant receptor. The data suggest that a discrete pool of protein kinase C may mediate activation of the respiratory burst in PMN.
Development of receptors for leukotriene B4 on HL-60 cells induced to differentiate by 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.
Authors: Goldman D W , Olson D M , Payan D G , Gifford L A , Goetzl E J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The incubation of HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells for 7 days with 100 nM 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] induced differentiation into monocyte-like cells, as assessed by morphologic and biochemical characteristics. Stereospecific receptors for leukotriene B4 (LTB4) developed on the surface of the HL-60 cell-derived monocytes that had the capacity to transduce LTB4 stimulation of a transient increase in the cytosolic concentration of calcium ([Ca+2]in). HL-60 cell-derived monocytes, but not undifferentiated HL-60 cells, expressed a high affinity subset of 6400 +/- 3700 receptors per cell with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 2.3 +/- 1 nM (mean +/- SD, n = 3) and a low affinity subset of approximately 2.2 X 10(6) receptors per cell with an apparent Kd of 680 +/- 410 nM. Derivatives of LTB4 inhibited the binding of [3H]LTB4 to HL-60 cell-derived monocytes with a rank order of potency of LTB4 greater than 20-OH-LTB4 greater than 3-aminopropyl amide-LTB4, which is similar to the order for LTB4 receptors of human blood PMNL. In contrast, leukotrienes C4 and D4 and formyl-methionyl chemotactic peptides did not inhibit the binding of [3H] LTB4, which demonstrates the specificity of these receptors for isomers of 5,12-dihydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid. LTB4 stimulated an increase in [Ca+2]in in HL-60 cell-derived monocytes which reached 50% of the maximal level at an LTB4 concentration of 0.5 nM (EC50). Preincubation of HL-60 cell-derived monocytes with 10 nM LTB4 resulted in a selective loss of high affinity receptors, as assessed by binding of [3H]LTB4, and a 200-fold increase in the EC50 for stimulation by LTB4 of increases in [Ca+2]in, without alterations in either the low affinity receptors for LTB4 or the responsiveness of [Ca+2]in to formyl-methionyl chemotactic peptides. HL-60 cells that are induced to differentiate into monocytes thus develop stereospecific receptors for LTB4 with binding and transductional characteristics similar to those of human blood PMNL.
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) mediation of rat anaphylactic responses to soluble immune complexes. Studies with PAF receptor antagonist L-652,731.
Authors: Doebber T W , Wu M S , Biftu T 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A new synthetic compound, L-652,731 (trans-2,5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl) tetrahydrofuran), which has been demonstrated by Hwang et al. to be a potent and specific platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor antagonist causes 100% inhibition of 1 microM PAF-induced neutrophil degranulation at 50 microM, but has no effect on neutrophil degranulation induced by precipitating immune complexes (323 micrograms/ml), fMet-Leu-Phe (10(-7) M), or the calcium ionophore A23187 (10(-5) M). Intravenous infusion of 1 mumol L-652,731 results in almost 100% inhibition of hypotension induced by PAF but not that induced by isoproterenol, histamine, bradykinin, or acetylcholine. With the use of this novel PAF receptor antagonist, the in vivo mediator role of PAF in the soluble immune complex-induced hypotension, extravasation, vascular lysosomal hydrolase secretion, and neutropenia in rats was determined. The hypotension, extravasation, and lysosomal hydrolase release induced by immune complex infusion take 2 to 10 min longer to occur than the same responses elicited by PAF infusion. The neutropenia response is immediate with both stimuli. L-652,731 when orally administered to rats (20 mg/kg, 1.5 hr before PAF infusion) inhibited PAF-induced hypotension (69%), extravasation (76%), vascular lysosomal hydrolase release (79%), and neutropenia (73%). The same L-652,731-dosing regimen inhibited immune complex-stimulated hypotension (87%), extravasation (77%), and vascular lysosomal hydrolase release (31%). The initial and complete neutropenia induced by immune complex infusion was not inhibited in L-652,731-pretreated rats, but the rate of return of neutrophils to the blood was faster in the latter rats. Rats with blocked circulation to the liver still exhibited extensive extravasation and vascular lysosomal hydrolase release in response to PAF, but there was no extravasation and greatly reduced hydrolase release in response to immune complexes. Thus PAF is indicated to be a major mediator of soluble immune complex-induced hypotension and vascular permeability and a minor mediator of immune complex-induced lysosomal hydrolase release in rats. PAF probably does not mediate the initial and complete neutropenia stimulated by immune complexes. The liver is probably the major site for PAF production in response to circulating immune complexes.
Clonal relationship of the lymphoblastic cell line P388 to the macrophage cell line P388D1 as evidenced by immunoglobulin gene rearrangements and expression of cell surface antigens.
Authors: Bauer S R , Holmes K L , Morse H C , Potter M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A lymphocytic tumor of early B cell lineage, P388, and a mature macrophage tumor, P388D1, appear to have been derived from a common precursor based on identical immunoglobulin gene rearrangements and shared cell surface antigens. These cell lines may have resulted from differential maturation of a transformed cell that is an immediate cellular precursor to both the B cell and myeloid lineages. This supports earlier findings that suggest a close relationship between early B cell and myeloid differentiation pathways.
Recycling of receptor-bound IgE by rat basophilic leukemia cells.
Authors: Furuichi K , Rivera J , Buonocore L M , Isersky C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells have receptors for immunoglobulin E (IgE). We previously showed that unlike some other ligands, the binding of monomeric rat or mouse IgE to RBL cells does not induce endocytosis. However, aggregation of the cell-bound, monomeric mouse IgE anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) with DNP-protein conjugates leads to endocytosis of the aggregated mouse IgE and to the co-endocytosis of some unaggregated monomeric rat IgE. In this study we analyzed and compared the fate of co-endocytosed and endocytosed IgE. We found that co-endocytosed rat IgE recycled back to the cell surface within 3 to 4 hr. In contrast, endocytosed, immunochemically cross-linked, receptor-bound mouse IgE anti-DNP was partially degraded and was released into the medium, with no observable recycling of receptors, by 3 hr. However, addition of the hapten, DNP-lysine, resulted in rapid recycling (t1/2 10 min) of the endocytosed receptor-bound IgE to the plasma membrane and blocked additional endocytosis. Recycling of the endocytosed mouse IgE was more pronounced when the hapten was added to cells within 20 min of the initiation of endocytosis. When the hapten was added to the cells at later times (60 to 180 min), progressively less IgE recycled to the surface. This may reflect shuttling of the internalized IgE from a 'prelysosomal' to a 'lysosomal' compartment. Thus we provide evidence for recycling of monomeric IgE receptor complexes, sorting between cross-linked and non-cross-linked IgE receptor complexes, the freeing of receptor-bound monomeric IgE from the endocytosed immune-complexed IgE, and the apparent dependence of the recycling efficiency upon intracellular localization.
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 activates secretion of hydrogen peroxide by human monocytes.
Authors: Cohen M S , Mesler D E , Snipes R G , Gray T K 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Human blood monocytes cultured in the presence of 1,25(OH)2D3 developed enhanced competence for secretion of H2O2 relative to cells suspended in media. This effect was maximal at a concentration of 10(-8) M 1,25(OH)2D3. After 3 days of incubation, monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) exposed to 1,25(OH)2D3 demonstrated competence for secretion of H2O2 equivalent to cells exposed to recombinant IFN-gamma. Both IFN-gamma and 1,25(OH)2D3 offset decay of this function among cells in culture after 7 days. Simultaneous exposure of cells to 1,25(OH)2D3 and IFN-gamma did not activate competence for H2O2 secretion more than either agent alone. 24,25(OH)2D3 and 25(OH)2D3 activated MDM but at higher concentration than required for 1,25(OH)2D3. Progesterone did not affect H2O2 production. Incubation of MDM with a monoclonal antibody directed against IFN-gamma inhibited activation induced by lymphokine, and to a lesser extent by cells activated with IFN-gamma; this antibody had an insignificant effect on cells treated with 1,25(OH)2D3. These results suggest that 1,25(OH)2D3 exerts a receptor-mediated effect on monocyte function that results in cellular activation as manifested by enhanced competence for secretion of H2O2. It is possible that smaller concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D3 present in serum are permissive for macrophage activation, or that monocytic phagocytes are exposed to high concentrations of vitamin D metabolites under some clinical circumstances.
A chymotrypsin-type serine protease in rat basophilic leukemia cells: evidence for its immunologic identity with atypical mast cell protease.
Authors: Kido H , Izumi K , Otsuka H , Fukusen N , Kato Y , Katunuma N 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Activity of a chymotrypsin-type serine protease was found in a subline of rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells. The protease was immunologically cross-reactive with anti-atypical mast cell protease immunoglobulin (Ig) G, and its activity was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by the antibody. The apparent m.w. of the protease that reacted with the antibody was 25,000, which was identical with that of atypical mast cell protease in rat mucosal mast cells. These results show that the chymotrypsin type serine protease in RBL-2H3 cells is immunologically identical with atypical mast cell protease, which was first purified from rat small intestine. Immunohistochemical studies showed that the protease was located not only in intracytoplasmic granules but also in organelles synthesizing protein, such as cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, perinuclear spaces, and the Golgi apparatus. However, no immunoreactivity was demonstrated in rat basophils. The activity of the protease increased in the exponential phase of growth of RBL-2H3 cells in which some activity was also detected in the medium, and it decreased in the late stationary phase.
In vivo treatment with anti-I-A antibodies: differential effects on Ia antigens and antigen-presenting cell function of spleen cells and epidermal Langerhans cells.
Authors: Aberer W , Kruisbeek A M , Shimada S , Katz S I 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The in vivo activation of T cells by a variety of antigens can be inhibited by the administration of anti-I-A antibodies (Ab) at the time of antigen priming. This inhibition can partially be explained by the temporary loss of Ia molecules from Ia-bearing antigen-presenting cells (APC) in the spleen. In this study, the effects of i.p. injected monoclonal Ab specific for I-A glycoproteins of different H-2 haplotypes on Ia antigen expression and APC function of spleen cells and epidermal Langerhans cells were compared. It was found that anti-I-A Ab quickly bound to both spleen cell and Langerhans cell Ia antigens. Although spleen cell Ia antigens were modulated and thus temporarily disappeared, Ia antigen expression by epidermal Langerhans cells was not modulated. In functional studies, the capacity of spleen cells and epidermal cells from anti-I-A Ab treated vs control animals to function as APC for antigen-specific, I-A- or I-E-restricted T cell clones was tested. A single injection of anti-I-A Ab completely abolished the APC function of spleen cells as shown in several inbred mouse strains, F1 animals, and with the use of several different Ab and T cell clones. In contrast, Langerhans cell-dependent APC function of epidermal cells remained completely unaltered. Even multiple injections of high doses of Ab never caused any inhibition of Langerhans cell function. Experiments with anti-I-Ak or anti-I-Ad Ab in an (H-2k X H-2d)F1 animal showed abrogation of APC function of spleen cells, but again not of Langerhans cells. Thus in vivo anti-I-A Ab administration appears to differentially affect Ia antigen expression and APC function from spleen and epidermis: Ia antigens are modulated from spleen cells but not from epidermis, and APC function disappears in the spleen but not in the epidermis. The abrogation of splenic but not of Langerhans cell APC function with anti-I-A Ab will facilitate the dissection of the relative contributions of Langerhans cells as compared with other APC in the generation of cutaneous immune responses.
In situ and in vitro characterization of the cellular immune response in erythema nodosum leprosum.
Authors: Modlin R L , Mehra V , Jordan R , Bloom B R , Rea T H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We sought to evaluate cell-mediated immune responses in erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL), a reactional state occurring in lepromatous leprosy. Skin biopsies from patients with leprosy were studied with monoclonal antibodies against T lymphocyte antigenic determinants, interleukin 2 (IL 2), and IL 2 receptors (Tac) by using immunoperoxidase staining of frozen sections. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 18 ENL patients were tested in vitro for lepromin-induced suppression of Con A stimulation. Serial studies of seven lepromatous patients who developed ENL during the course of the study showed increases in both the Leu-3a:Leu-2a ratio and the number of IL 2-positive cells. IL 2-positive cells comprised 0.3% of the cells in all of the ENL lesions studied as compared with the 0.03% found in nonreactional lepromatous lesions (P less than 0.001). Lepromin-induced suppression of the Con A response, present in nonreactional lepromatous patients, significantly decreased in patients developing the ENL reaction, but returned after recovery from ENL. These changes in tissues and peripheral blood suggest that the pathogenesis of ENL is related to cell-mediated immune processes. Despite these immunologic changes, however, ENL patients do not recover antigen-specific skin tests or eliminate Mycobacterium leprae.
Prolongation of murine skin allograft survival by immunologic manipulation with anti-interleukin 2 receptor antibody.
Authors: Granstein R D , Goulston C , Gaulton G N 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Administration of a rat monoclonal antibody (M7/20) directed against the murine interleukin 2 (IL 2) receptor in combination with sublethal x-irradiation of the recipient significantly enhanced the survival of skin allografts, both when the grafts were MHC disparate from the hosts and when only minor histocompatibility differences were present compared with untreated controls. No prolongation in graft survival was seen with either treatment alone at the dose employed. M7/20 and x-ray-treated allograft recipients also displayed significantly decreased alloantigen-specific reactivity against donor-strain spleen cells in both delayed-type hypersensitivity and cytotoxicity assays. Thus, such combination treatment reduces expression of host immune reactivity against graft determinants by several criteria. This work provides additional evidence that monoclonal antibodies directed against the IL 2 receptor may be useful in clinical transplantation.
Characterization of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV)-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity responses in TMEV-induced demyelinating disease: correlation with clinical signs.
Authors: Clatch R J , Lipton H L , Miller S D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
After intracerebral inoculation of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV), certain mouse strains develop a persistent central nervous system (CNS) infection and inflammatory demyelinating lesions containing infiltrates of mononuclear cells and macrophages. Previous findings demonstrating a strong correlation between disease incidence, the presence of particular H-2 region genotypes, and development of high levels of TMEV-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) supported an immune-mediated basis for myelin breakdown. These findings led us to examine whether a possible causal relationship would be supported by a temporal analysis comparing the onset of clinical disease and the development of TMEV-specific cellular or humoral immune responses in susceptible and resistant strains. In susceptible SJL/J mice, TMEV-specific DTH and T cell proliferative (Tprlf) responses developed within 10 to 14 days postinfection, preceded the onset of clinical signs, and remained elevated for 6 mo. In contrast, resistant BALB/c mice developed low levels of TMEV-specific Tprlf and no measurable DTH. However, both strains attained comparable levels of TMEV-specific serum antibody responses with parallel kinetics. Both DTH and Tprlf responses in susceptible SJL/J mice were shown to be specific for TMEV and mediated by L3T4+, Lyt-1+2-, class II-restricted T cells. A model is proposed implicating an effector role for TMEV-specific DTH, wherein lymphokine release by virus-specific DTH T cells leads to the recruitment, accumulation, and activation of macrophages in CNS tissue, which cause bystander myelin destruction and provide a permissive population of host cells for TMEV persistence.
The suppressive effect of gangliosides upon IL 2-dependent proliferation as a function of inhibition of IL 2-receptor association.
Authors: Robb R J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Gangliosides inhibited the proliferation of mitogen-activated human peripheral blood lymphocytes and the IL 2-dependent growth of murine T cell lines and 5-day-old human PHA lymphoblasts. In the case of the murine cell lines and PHA lymphoblasts, most of the effect of gangliosides could be reversed by the addition of high levels of IL 2. In the case of freshly-stimulated mitogen blasts, however, the ganglioside-induced inhibition could not be reversed by increasing exogenous IL 2 levels. These results indicate that inhibition of proliferation by gangliosides can be divided into IL 2-reversible and IL 2-irreversible mechanisms, the latter of which were predominant during the initial stage of cellular activation. Inclusion of gangliosides in receptor binding assays for radiolabeled IL 2 indicated that the IL 2-reversible mechanism likely involved competition between gangliosides and the cellular receptor for the binding of IL 2. Gangliosides blocked binding of radiolabeled IL 2 to both the high and low affinity forms of the IL 2 receptor, and this effect was most noticeable when the gangliosides and IL 2 were preincubated before addition of the target cells. In contrast, treatment of cells with gangliosides had no effect on the affinity of the cellular IL 2 receptor if the free gangliosides were removed immediately before the binding assay. Gangliosides also blocked the binding of radiolabeled IL 2 to anti-IL 2 antibodies, supporting the notion that their inhibitory effect is mediated via a direct interaction with IL 2. Thus, one major mechanism by which gangliosides block the IL 2-dependent proliferation of activated cells is by the sequestering or inactivation of the IL 2 molecule. This effect is reversible with the addition of excess IL 2, which distinguishes it from other mechanisms of ganglioside-dependent inhibition operating during the cellular activation process.
Immunochemical analysis of the Ia polymorphisms among the family of DR7-associated HLA-D specificities.
Authors: Karr R W 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Among cells that bear the serologically defined Ia alloantigen DR7, four T cell-defined HLA-D specificities have been described: Dw7, Dw17, Dw11, and Dw7L. Ia molecules expressed by cells homozygous for these specificities have been compared by using immunofluorescence and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis in order to identify the DR and DQ polymorphisms among the family of DR7-associated HLA-D specificities. Cells homozygous for each of the four HLA-D specificities have in common one DR molecule that is indistinguishable by these methods. Two DR-specific monoclonal antibodies, IIIE3 and 109d6, detect a second distinct DR molecule on Dw7, Dw17, and Dw7L cells. This second DR molecule is also very similar from cells of the three specificities. In contrast, a second DR molecule was not detected on four Dw11 homozygous cells. Therefore, these data raise the possibility that all DR homozygous cells do not express the same number of DR molecules. The DQ molecules expressed by DQw2-positive Dw7, Dw17, and Dw7L cells are also very similar, whereas DQw3-positive Dw11 DQ molecules are structurally different. Therefore, no DR or DQ structural polymorphisms were detected to correlate with the Dw7, Dw17, and Dw7L T cell-defined Ia polymorphisms.