bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case study: Ground Improvement technique with Geosynthetics as reinforcement on soft ground for buildings in coastal Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Haritha M , Krishnamurthy N R 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Andhra Pradesh is a well-known coastal state in India, Some of the regions, the ground is soft clay in nature shows the soil has low bearing capacity and high compressibility characteristics, so ground improvement techniques may be a viable solution for the construction of any structure. Geosynthetics are the most often utilized reinforcing material in design of foundation in such soils. The significant design parameters are Modulus of subgrade reaction (K), California bearing ratio (CBR) and Modulus of elasticity (E). In Machilipatnam area, the soil is weak and having high compressibility characteristics. Hence ground improvement technique by using Geosynthetics (geotextile as separator, geogrid as reinforcement, GSB as a filling material) is adopted for two major project buildings. Field tests such as Modulus of subgrade reaction test, Plate load test were conducted over the improved ground to ascertain the quality of improvement. Furthermore, a correlation between K and CBR, E and CBR is established. The corresponding California bearing ratio values are correlated using IRC58-1988. A comparison was made over the untreated ground using correlation of E and CBR from others to know the behaviour of unreinforced and reinforced soils.
Seismic analysis of Multi storey Building on Sloping Ground and Flat Ground by using ETABS
Authors: Veera Babu K , Siva Rama Krishna S , Malagavelli Venu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Due to urbanization and industrialization, which paved the door for the development of tall, multi-story structures on mountainous terrain, land is scarce in emerging nations like India. Buildings built on hilly terrain differ from those built on flat terrain due of their uneven and asymmetrical vertical and horizontal structures. These buildings are also significantly more vulnerable to earthquake pressures when located in mountainous terrain. The primary goal of the current endeavor is to investigate how structures behave on level and sloping terrain. Hilly places require different construction configurations than level areas. Hill structures vary from those on lowlands in that they are torsionally linked, highly irregular, and asymmetrical in both the horizontal and vertical planes. As a result, they are vulnerable to severe damage when an earthquake strikes. The behavior of a multi-story structure with two distinct slope angles was attempted to be studied in this paper, and a comparison with flat ground was made. by taking Earthquake Zone II into account. Buildings on level ground and buildings on slanted ground are compared. The models are created with the aid of the structural analysis program ETABS. Response spectrum analysis is used for analysis. The analysis’s findings, including storey shear, storey drifts, moments, and displacement, are tabulated and examined.
Experimental Investigation on Waste Paper-pulp Infused Cement Mortar
Authors: Bochare Rewa , Dagliya Monika , Sharma Bindiya , Shaikh Faique 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A huge amount of newspaper waste is generated in an average Indian household on a daily basis. The ideology behind this study is to amalgamate this paper waste into construction materials. This manuscript is a preliminary initiative for the same motive and explores the feasibility of mixing waste paper pulp into cement mortar for further adopting the practice on construction sites. Different ratios of cement, standard sand and crushed paper pulp (soaked for 72 hours) were administered to cast cement mortar cubes and the same were tested for compressive strength in a compression testing machine. The several trial mixes, partially replacing sand in mortar making were attempted to study the behavior of cement mortar while infused with waste paper pulp. The strength of these cubes were compared to standard cement mortar cubes cast using one part cement and 3 parts of standard sand. The trial ratios of cement, sand and paper pulp were 1:0.5:0.5; 1:0.75:0.25 and 1:0.25:0.75 respectively. Both 7 days as well as 28 days strength was determined. It was found that one part cement, half part standard sand and half a part of waste paper pulp was the most optimum combination yielding satisfactory strength of cement mortar cubes. The compressive strength of standard cube was 7.2 MPa and the same for 1:0.5:0.5 was 6.6 MPa. Thus waste paper pulp infused cement mortar may be used for brickwork and other trivial lean cement members in construction. The purpose of the study is to address two major underlying challenges in modern day construction projects, first being the dearth of river sand availability and secondly the disposal of waste paper which ultimately ends up in landfills subsequently polluting the environment.
The Role of Granite Waste Powder on Mechanical and Durability performance of GGBS and Metakaoline based concrete
Authors: Ravi G , Prasanna P.K. , Satish S. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Industrial wastes such as granite waste powder (GWP), GGBS, and Metakaoline (MK) are widely available in numerous Indian states. Due to their pozzolanic abilities, GGBS and Metakaoline were used as a partial alternative to cement in the manufacture of concrete, with constant levels of 40% GGBS and 10% Metakaoline. In addition, to minimize the use of natural resources, granite waste was used as a fine aggregate substitute in various percentages (0, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) on a weight basis, and a PC-300 Maximo-Plats super plasticizer with a dose of 0.3 percent was used to retain the essential workability. For this project, M45 grade concrete with a w/c ratio of 0.36 was used to assess the mechanical properties of blended concrete at the ages of 7 and 28 days. At 28 days of age, durability studies such as water absorption and RCPT tests were conducted. According to the experimental data, the optimum compressive strength of blended concrete was found to be at a 20% replacement of GWP.
A Review on the Utilisation of Silica Fume and Metakaolin as Novel Grout Materials
Authors: Sai Kolluru Venkata , Prabhakara Rao V V N , Mallikarjuna V 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
One of the approaches for solving challenges related to foundations, open cut excavations, landslides, rock slopes, fractured rocks and tunnelling is enhancement of soil via grouting. Two main components of soil enhancement are reduced permeability and increase in strength. To overcome reduced strength and permeability in soils and rock fissures, it has always depended on cement and lime treatment. To replace cement and lime, chemical and ultra-fine cementitious grouts are often employed to break through highly fissured rocks or fine sands. This document gives a censorious evaluation of chosen studies that used unconventional cementitious grouts in order to assist practicing engineers and promote best practice. In sand and cohesive soils, sodium silicate, colloidal silica, metakaolin, silica fume, fly ash, resins, polymers, and microfine substitutes were evaluated as grouting material. The intent of the article is to procure effective data for consultants and contractors who will be building injection works that use non-cementitious fluids in the future.
Greener and sustainable self-compaction concrete: A review on performance at elevated temperatures
Authors: Narayana Rao U.V. , Venkata Sairam Kumar N. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSelf-compacting concrete (SCC), highly flow-able engineer-friendly concrete that have moderate viscosity, low yield stress, good segregation resistance, and high deformability. SCC is a composition of high amounts of cement, mineral admixtures, fine aggregate, water, super-plasticizer, and coarse aggregate. Mineral admixtures obtained from agricultural and industrial by-products and or waste materials are primarily used as filler materials and or pozzolanic materials for increasing the slurry or cementitious paste in SCC. Many high-rise concrete structures or plain concrete structures and or reinforced concrete structures are nowadays constructed by using SCC. Hence, considering its fresh and hardened properties, materials used, and importance in the construction industry, understanding the behaviour of SCC after exposure to elevated or high temperatures is of utmost importance and gaining attention. In SCC, explosive spalling was mainly caused by the stress developed, water to binder ratio and cement binder ratio. Higher amounts of powder content in SCC reduced the porosity and made SCC more vulnerable and susceptible to spalling. The strain values of SCC are enhanced by the increase in temperature. Higher reduction in strength values are observed with non-destructive testing than destructive tests. The scanning electron microscope of SCC revealed that the stiffness ratio between aggregates and cement matrix reduced with elevated temperature, which results in reducing the interaction transition zone. Finally, from the literature review, it may be concluded that the degradation mechanism of SCC when subjected to elevated temperatures is similar to the conventional concrete.
An Experimental Study on Recycled Aggregate Concrete With Partial Replacement of Cement With Flyash and Alccofine
Authors: Karthik CH , Nagaraju A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Recycled aggregates are the aggregates which are collected from the construction and demolition waste. Now a day the demolition waste production is more, due to this the environment gets polluted. So the use of recycled aggregates in the place of natural aggregates will decrease the waste accumulation. The scope of using recycled aggregates increasing day by day because of that the cost will decrease effectively. The main focus of this paper is to find the strength qualities of recycled aggregates so as to use it as an alternative for the natural aggregates and fly ash and alccofine are used for the partial replacement of the binding material for an M40 grade concrete. Here concrete is made with replacement of natural aggregates with recycled aggregates (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%), partial replacement of cement with a fly ash (25%) and alccofine (0%, 5%, 10% and 15%). Mix design of binary blended recycled aggregate concrete is done by using IS: 10262-2019. Workability is measured and mechanical properties like compressive strength, flexure and split tensile strength were determined for 7days and 28 days. Alkaline attack is evaluated after 28 days of NaOH solution curing. It is observed from the test results mechanical properties of the concrete is decreased if recycled aggregate & alccofine content.
Artificial Neural Networks, A Tool for Predicting Compressive strength of Recycled Aggregate Concrete
Authors: Mallikarjuna Rao G. , Sandhya M. , Raja Rajeshwari B. , Oggu Praveen 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Now a days designing of mix proportions is more costly and time taking process. The final mix proportions are arrived from several trail mixes. Due to this there is a lot of wastage of material and also it requires at least 7 days to finalizing the mix proportions. Present study deals with the prediction of compressive strength of Recycled Coarse Aggregate Concrete (RCA) utilizing Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Finding the compressive strength using conventional methods involves usage of various mixes, materials, and most importantly time. Based on this problem, there is a need to develop a software based strength design rather than going for experimental based design. The compressive strength as modeled is a function of five inputs and one output variable. The input variables are Coarse Aggregate, Recycled Coarse Aggregate (RCA), Fine Aggregate, Cement, Water, and output variable is Compressive Strength. The required data is collected from the previous research works carried on Recycled Coarse Aggregate Concrete by several researchers from detailed literature review, about 60 mix proportions are selected and considered to predict the compressive strength of RCA by using VISUAL GENE DEVELOPER software. The selected values are trained, validated and predicted for analytical based mix proportions. To validate the predicted strength values, regression values are checked. The analytical predicted values are compared with the experimental values. From results it is concluded that the artificial neural network based results shown high prediction accuracy and the outcomes exhibited that the utilization of ANN in evaluating compressive strength of concrete is valuable in fostering the blend extents for various evaluations of cements.
Fragility Comparison for Soft Storey Infill Reduced Structures by Incremental Dynamic Analysis
Authors: Vamsi Krishna B. , Veera Reddy M. , Naresh Vasari , Tanuja D. V. , Sai Bharat T. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A keen understanding of how a structure behaves when it is exposed to earthquake scenarios is required in order to foresee and avert the adverse effects and consequences when such a incident occurs, with the current rate of development in our country the construction of mid and high rise residential apartments are rapidly increasing but the data to understand such structures is insufficient, this data includes seismic vulnerability of structures, hazard maps of earthquake prone areas, seismic risks involved for a structure, this data provides the insight of what magnitude of risks are at hand when a earthquake scenario occurs and how to avert or minimize the losses with those risks [1]. In the present study, an effort is made to determine the behavior of soft Storey structures for various parameters when it is exposed to an earthquake ground motion; this includes the development of models analytically with the existence of soft Storey in them with different infill reductions and analyzing them, two models with varying heights and plot areas are considered for this study, this four models are modeled in such a way that different variations of soft Storey existence depending on the location of walls, percentage of infill reductions among different walls are done, a total of eight variety of models are been analyzed in both the X and Y directions. It is concluded that in all the models the fragility is higher in the models with lower lateral dimensions, as the length of the side decreases the fragility of that side is increasing. The Model without reduction performed efficiently showing less probability to collapse and that height and plan dimensions of the model are dependent on each other for the increase or decrease of fragility in a structure. If the height increases with the same model plan dimensions, the fragility of the structure also increases, if the plan dimension increases the fragility of the structure decreases.
Study On Behaviour Of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite Reinforced With Silicon Carbide And Titanium Diboride.
Authors: Shalini Kora P. L. S. , Gorantla Nipun 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Advanced designed materials like metal matrix composites (MMC) consists of at least two constituent parts, a matrix and reinforcement of different materials such as metals, fibers, glass, organic compounds, or ceramics. An MMC can exhibit various enhanced properties like lightweight, high-specific strength and better ductility when compared with a single material. They have an advantage of the increasing mechanical and physical characteristics of the composite by varying the reinforcement percentages by volume fractions or orientation of fibers or laminates. The most popular materials such as aluminum, titanium, magnesium, and silicon carbide are possible reinforcement materials with aluminum as matrix. This work is mainly focused on study on behaviour of Aluminum Metal Matrix Composite, reinforced with Silicon Carbide and Titanium diboride for various kinds of loads and optimization for tensile strength and ductility. In this work two composite models of size 60µm * 60µm * 60µm with a reinforcement volume proportion of 20% of SiC and TiB2 were compared with the use of FEM tool (ABAQUS CAE). The tool is basically used for assigning different material properties such as young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, yield stress & different loads and to extract the results in the form of various stresses and strains on the modeled aluminum metal matrix composite (AMMC). The test results showed that the AMMC with SiC as reinforcement has better young’s modulus and tensile strength than AMMC with TiB2.
An investigational study on Pre and post-stabilization behaviour of Lime stabilized Expansive soil admixed with palm kernel ash
Authors: vijayan Dhanasingh sivalinga , Devarajan Parthiban , Sanjay Kumar R , Ajith Kumar V , Raj kumar S , Rahman Shaik Habibur 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In geotechnical engineering, soils that can shrink and swell quickly are always thought to be more sensitive than other types of soil. Most of the research on how to improve the engineering behaviour of expansive soil and make it more stable has already been done. The main goal of the project is to find a better way to treat large amounts of expansive soil with low-cost material and to analyse the modification of engineering properties of soil such as compressive strength and Atterberg limit. In this study, lab results on soils with a lot of space that were treated with cheap ingredients like lime and palm kernel ash are used. This study looks at the results of the unconfined compression test (UCC), liquid limit, plastic limit, shrinkage limit, and plasticity index for expansive clays mixed with different amounts of lime and palm kernel ash. Based on the result, it was found that the addition of 5% lime with 0.25% of PKA increased the UC strength of soil from 1418.17 kN/m2 to 1537.97 kN/m2 at 28 days of curing. Similarly, due to increase in the percentage of palm kernel ash with lime treatment has decreased the rate of atterberg limit except for the plastic limit. In the case of plastic limit, the addition of 0.25% of palm kernel ash was recommended. Finally, it was concluded that the addition of palm kernel ash with lime was advisable for minor soil stabilization work.
A study on the effect of aging on pmb40 and crmb55 in bituminous concrete layers
Authors: Rajput R P S , Goliya S.S. , Mehar R 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Aging occurs in bituminous materials throughout the construction and service lifespan of asphalt pavement, and it has a substantial impact on their performance. Bitumen aging is one of the primary causes of asphalt pavement degradation. As bitumen ages, asphalt surfaces lose their capacity to alleviate tension during the cooling process, increasing the danger of cracking. The thin film oven test (TFOT) and the rolling thin film oven test (RTFOT) are two extensively used short-term aging tests (RTFOT). The rotating cylinder-aging test (RCAT) and pressure aging vessel are two extensively used tests in the long-term aging of bitumen (PAV). The suggested research includes the comparison of un-modified bitumen and modified bitumen of waste crumb rubber and plastic rubber. This research was conducted on the aging of different grades of bitumen, that are two modified bitumen, which are PMB40 & CRMB55. After the aging of the bitumen, we conducted some physical property tests on the normal bitumen and RTFOT-modified bitumen. The outcome of the testing of the physical properties was that the RTFOT modified bitumen gained more strength as compared to the normal bitumen after the testing of physical properties of bitumen (Normal Bitumen & RTFOT Modified Bitumen) prepared samples for testing the Marshall Properties. After testing, Marshall Properties’ research can conclude that the RTFOT Modified Bitumen provides more strength compared to the normal bitumen. The RTOFT modified bitumen can be used in rural areas to provide a better pavement surface and longevity of the pavement. Through the aging of bitumen, the adhesion property between bitumen and aggregate becomes strong, so that in a high traffic area, cracks do not develop easily
Stabilization of black cotton soil with waste plastic and admixtures
Authors: Ahalya A , Prasad K S R 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Black cotton soil is inorganic clay formed mainly in regions with poor drainage conditions. However, it is considered a problematic soil in the field of geotechnical engineering because it has high swelling and shrinking nature depending upon the weather conditions. So, one of the most common methods to improve the characteristics of the soil is the stabilizing procedure, which lessens soil settlement and can increase shear strength. The addition of lime is a common technique. It has been shown that adding lime to soil enhances its technical qualities. In the current study, an effort has been made to stabilize the soil by using PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate), Bagasse ash, and Rice husk ash in the percentages of 2 to 8 is used because it has a tendency to enhance the black cotton soil’s current qualities and also utilization of polymeric materials improves the eco-system and decrease the environmental pollution. As It is increasing day by day leading to various environmental concerns.
Predictive Biodegradation of Multiple Toxic Pollutants in Bioreactors Treating Real Wastewater using ANN and GP
Authors: Padhma Priya P , Jenit Angelin , Pearlin D Derina J , Sharma Naresh Kumar 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Industrial wastewater contains eco-toxic organic pollutants such as phenol, cyanide and xylenol, which are usually the most common toxic compounds from steel industries and their high concentrations negatively affects biological treatments through substrate inhibition. Optimizing the biodegradation of multiple substrates found in wastewater such as phenol, xylenol and cyanide under Aerobic (in presence of oxygen), Anaerobic (in absence of oxygen) and Anoxic (in presence of nitrates) biotreatment systems has been done in this study. To predict the performance and design control systems to meet the environmental regulatory standards, the complex non-linear behavior presented in the biological treatment requires an accurate model. Herein, by using Artificial intelligence (ANN, GA and GP), the mathematical modelling of biological reactors operating under batch and continuous systems treating phenol, xylenol and cyanide were attempted. Mathematical modelling of biological systems is complex due to lack of process knowledge and multiple governing factors thereby significantly increasing the research trends using data based driven models. To correlate the biological non-linear relationship and to achieve the minimum error goal for pollutant removal with an acceptable R2 value of 0.847, 0.892, 0.937 in the anoxic system for phenol, cyanide and xylenol removal, the ANN and GA were designed. These models represent, analyse and reliably make predictions of complex biological systems helping in controlling and enhancing the performance of the wastewater treatment plant. From these results, the better pollutant removal was done by the anoxic system when compared to aerobic and anaerobic systems especially for phenol and cyanide removal.