bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fungal community dynamics in coarse woody debris across decay stage, tree species, and stand development stage in northern boreal forests
Authors: Hart Saskia C. , Porter Teresita M. , Basiliko Nathan , Venier Lisa , Hajibabaei Mehrdad , Morris Dave 
Published: July 2023

Fungi are primary agents of coarse woody debris (CWD) decay in boreal forests, playing an essential role in nutrient cycling and carbon storage. We compared fungal community assemblages using alpha and beta diversity metrics, and physical and chemical properties of CWD across three tree species (trembling aspen [ Populus tremuloides], black spruce [ Picea mariana], and jack pine [ Pinus banksiana]), five decay classes, and two stand development stages, differing in time since stand replacing disturbance in Ontario’s boreal forest region. We sampled 180 individual CWD logs from 6 independent stands, with 3 replicates per each species × decay class combination at each site. Using high-throughput sequencing of marker DNA, we found that fungal community structure significantly differed across tree species, decay stage, and stand age. Fungal diversity was highest in decay class 4 CWD. We found that Mn and K concentrations, total carbon, C/N ratio, N/P ratio, and moisture content were important predictors of fungal composition across CWD species and/or decay stage. This study suggests that forest management guidelines that consider both deadwood quantity and quality will support a broader range of fungal species and communities through post-disturbance stand development.
Sleep deprivation disturbs uterine contractility and structure in pregnant rats: role of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and transforming growth factor-β
Authors: El-Malkey Nanees F. , Aref Mohammed , Goda Nehal I. A. , Hussien Marwa H. , Samy Walaa , Hadhod Shimaa 
Published: July 2023

Sleep deprivation (SD) during pregnancy can impact the delivery procedure, with prolongation of the labor duration. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) are regulators of uterine remodeling. Their dysregulation is vital for abnormal placentation and uterine enlargement in complicated pregnancies. Therefore, this study aims to explore the outcome of SD throughout pregnancy on ex vivo uterine contractility, MMP9 and TGF-β, and uterine microscopic structure. A total of 24 pregnant rats were divided into two groups. From the first day of pregnancy, animals were exposed to partial SD/6 h/day. Uterine in vitro contractile responses to oxytocin, acetylcholine, and nifedipine were assessed. Additionally, uterine levels of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde and uterine mRNA expression of MMP9, TGF-β, and apoptotic biomarkers were analyzed. The results showed that SD significantly reduced uterine contractile responses to oxytocin and acetylcholine, while it augmented the relaxing effect of nifedipine. In addition, it significantly increased oxidative stress status, MMP9, TGF-β, and apoptotic biomarkers' mRNA expression. All were accompanied by degeneration of endometrial glands, vacuolization with apoptotic nuclei, and increased area% of collagen fibers. Finally, increased uterine MMP9 and TGF-β mRNA expression during SD clarified their potential role in modulating uterine contractility and structure.
Attention in a Family of Boltzmann Machines Emerging From Modern Hopfield Networks
Authors: Ota Toshihiro , Karakida Ryo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Hopfield networks and Boltzmann machines (BMs) are fundamental energy-based neural network models. Recent studies on modern Hopfield networks have broadened the class of energy functions and led to a unified perspective on general Hopfield networks, including an attention module. In this letter, we consider the BM counterparts of modern Hopfield networks using the associated energy functions and study their salient properties from a trainability perspective. In particular, the energy function corresponding to the attention module naturally introduces a novel BM, which we refer to as the attentional BM (AttnBM). We verify that AttnBM has a tractable likelihood function and gradient for certain special cases and is easy to train. Moreover, we reveal the hidden connections between AttnBM and some single-layer models, namely the gaussian–Bernoulli restricted BM and the denoising autoencoder with softmax units coming from denoising score matching. We also investigate BMs introduced by other energy functions and show that the energy function of dense associative memory models gives BMs belonging to exponential family harmoniums.
The Gnostic Imagination and Its Imaginaries
Authors: DeConick April D. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Applying cognitive theories about human creativity, this paper theorizes how the Gnostic as an identity is an idealization of a discrete metaphysics or spirituality forged by the human imagination and diversified as radical imaginaries and social imaginaries. The emergence of Gnostic spirituality was made possible because a novel cognitive script had developed that theorized religion in kinfolk terms, rather than conventional slave, vassal, or client terms. This script allowed people to understand their true selves as God’s offspring who had become separated from their divine parent(s), lost, and in need of rescue by their divine kin. This new spirituality came to be associated with the word Gnostic which was used to identify religious people in the Roman world who claimed to have knowledge (gnosis) of the true God, the true pathway home, and their true selves as God’s offspring. Once this idealization of the Gnostic was framed, it functioned as the cognitive structure upon which a variety of constellations of the ideal were then ratcheted. These constellations are radical imaginaries built using concrete images, stories, and legends to make sense of the human predicament and authorize certain practices and moral codes. When a radical imaginary is shared collectively it can become a social imaginary which serves to legitimate group behavior as happened, for instance, in the case of the Valentinian, Basilidian, and other Gnostic imaginaries. This paper considers the ideological and social implications of the distribution of radical imaginaries, especially those offloaded onto artifacts which circulate beyond any single social situation.
Genesis 1:26 through the Eyes of Manicheans in the Roman Empire
Authors: Moiseeva Evgenia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The present article reconstructs the evolution of the Manichaean exegesis of Genesis 1:26 based on the texts that circulated within the Roman Empire. Mani’s Epistula Fundamenti, Adimantus’ Disputationes, Kephalaia of the Teacher, Faustus’ Capitula 24, as well as polemical works of Christian authors provide ample evidence of the Manichaean use and interpretation of the biblical narrative. Two complementary exegetical traditions can be distinguished: the first one, going back to Mani himself, introduces vetero-testamentary elements in the Manichaean doctrine without directly referencing or criticizing the Jewish Scriptures, while the second tradition that directly engages in the exegesis of the Jewish Scriptures text emerged through polemics with Christians and is likely to originate from Adimantus. The study illustrates a dual role of the Book of Genesis in Manichaeism: as one of the sources of the Manichaean mythology and as a central point of contention in Christian-Manichaean polemics.
Between Empires: Al-Amīra Nazlı Fazıl Hanım, a Middlewoman in the “Question d’Orient” around 1900
Authors: Hatzenberger Antoine 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Late nineteenth-century Tunisian history has primarily been studied from a European perspective, in the colonial context of the French Protectorate. Yet, the North-African beylik was still inscribed within the realm of the Ottoman Empire long after 1881. The strength of the Mediterranean network was epitomized by Ḫayr al-Dīn’s political figure and by his going back and forth between Tunis and Istanbul. Later on, the princess Nazlı Fazıl Hanım (d. 1913) created another layer of relationships, extending the zone of contacts to Paris and Cairo, putting Tunisia at the heart of Mediterranean intellectual exchanges. In her tow, the famous Egyptian scholar Muḥammad ʿ⁠Abduh had a notable influence over Tunisian ʿulamāʾ, and Bachir Sfar (al-Bašīr Ṣfar), forerunner of the Young Tunisians, paralleling the Young Turks, created his own path through a complex geo-political space. This article documents these personal links and the circulation of ideas within this cultural space: Maghreb in Mediterranean context, at the meeting point of provincial and imperial logics, and at the crossroads of traditionalist and reformist agendas.
Impacts of Perceived Choice on Physical Strain, Emotional Stress and Health among Caregivers
Authors: Shin Ju Young , Pohlig Ryan , Habermann Barbara 
Published: July 2023

Background: Having no choice in becoming a caregiver has been associated with higher levels of emotional stress and physical strain. This secondary analysis examined associations between caregivers’ perceived choice and health outcomes. Methods: This study utilized data from caregivers who answered a question about whether they felt they had a choice to take on caring for a care recipient in the Caregiving in the U.S. in 2020 survey. Variables of caregivers’ and recipients’ characteristics, caregiving activities, and health outcomes were extracted. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, Chi-squared tests, and regression models. Results: More than half of the 1,642 caregivers (54.4%) perceived no choice in becoming a caregiver. Having no choice was associated with higher levels of physical strain and emotional stress, and greater negative impact on caregiver’s health. Other predictive variables of higher physical strain included being a primary caregiver, recipients having more comorbidities, and a higher level of care intensity. Higher education level, household income, number of recipient’s conditions, level of care intensity, and being a primary caregiver were associated with higher levels of emotional stress. Taking care of a spouse and non-relative compared to taking care of a grandparent or parent was associated with lower emotional stress. Recipients with more comorbidities and higher care intensity were associated with worse caregiver health. Conclusions: There is a need to screen and identify caregivers who have no choice in caregiving and assist them in providing care for their recipient to prevent them from being invisible patients.
Shear wave elastography and T2* mapping in the detection of early-stage trochlear cartilage damage
Authors: Kaplan Meral , Guclu Derya , Unlu Elif Nisa , Ogul Hayri , Onbas Omer 
Published: July 2023

Background The presence of degenerative changes in joint cartilage is one of the major features in osteoarthritis. Purpose To investigate the contribution of shear wave elastography and T2* mapping to the early diagnosis of femoral trochlear cartilage damage. Material and Methods A total of 30 individuals whose trochlear cartilage structure was evaluated as normal in conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences (control group) were prospectively compared with 30 patients who had early-stage cartilage damage findings on conventional MRI (study group), by performing B-mode ultrasonography, shear wave elastography, and T2* mapping. Cartilage thickness, shear wave, and T2* mapping measurements were recorded. Results After evaluating B-mode ultrasound and conventional MRI sequences, cartilage thickness was found to be significantly higher in the study group on both B-mode ultrasound and MRI. Shear wave velocity values of the study group (medial condyle [MC] 4.65 ± 1.11 m/sn, intercondylar [IC] 4.74 ± 1.20 m/sn, and lateral condyle [LC] 5.42 ± 1.48 m/sn) were observed to be significantly lower than the control group (MC 5.60 ± 0.77 m/sn, IC 5.85 ± 0.96 m/sn, and LC 5.63 ± 1.05 m/sn) ( P < 0.05). T2* mapping values were significantly higher in the study group (MC 32.38 ± 4.04 ms, IC 35.78 ± 4.85 ms, and LC 34.04 ± 3.40 ms) than that of the control group (MC 28.07 ± 3.29 ms, IC 30.63 ± 3.45 ms, and LC 29.02 ± 3.24 ms). Conclusion Shear wave elastography and T2* mapping are reliable methods for evaluating early-stage trochlear cartilage damage.
Seeking the structure of water from the combination of bending and stretching vibrations in near infrared spectra
Authors: Han Li , Sun Yan , Cai Wensheng , Shao Xueguang 
Published: July 2023

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has been used to analyze water structures due to the strong absorption of NIR energy by water. The spectral band around 6900 cm−1, corresponding to the first overtone of the OH stretching vibration, is generally studied because the OH in the water molecule with different numbers of hydrogen bonds can be distinguished. In this work, the spectral band around 8600 cm−1, corresponding to the combination of HOH bending and stretching vibration, ν1+ν2+ν3, was studied to extract spectral information about water structures. Continuous wavelet transform was used to enhance the resolution of the spectra. Seven peaks related to the possible molecular structures of water with different numbers of hydrogen bonds were identified based on the spectral changes with temperature. The identification was validated by varying the spectral peaks with molar ratio of H2O–D2O in mixtures and the effect of hydration around the cations on the structure of water. NIR spectroscopy is therefore proven to be a powerful technique for identifying water structures with different hydrogen bonds.
Effects of Selenium on Growth and Biochemical Characters of Tissue Culture Seedlings of Sophora tonkinensis
Authors: Li Lin-xuan , Qiao Zhu , Cai Jin-yuan , Liang Ying , Lin Yang , Wei Gui-li , Hou Xiao-li , Miao Jian-hua , Wei Kun-hua 
Published: July 2023

Background Selenium (Se) plays a key role in controlling several processes in plant development, such as root growth and regulation of enzyme activity. However, research on the effects of Se in Sophora tonkinensis, a medicinal plant, has not been reported. To elucidate the effect of Se on the accumulation of secondary metabolites in tissue-cultured seedlings of S. tonkinensis. Materials and Methods Tissue culture seedlings of S. tonkinensis was treated with different concentrations of Se in the rooting medium. Agronomic traits of roots and concentrations of hormones and some secondary metabolites were measured from seedlings. Results The results show that (1) root growth of tissue culture seedlings were stimulated by Se; (2) a specific amount of Se enhanced the activities of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as the production and storage of soluble proteins and chlorophyll; and (3) Se treatment lowered brassinolide (BR) content, and 15 mg/L Se minimized abscisic acid (ABA) content, while 60 mg/L Se enhanced ABA content. The gibberellin (GA3) content in seedlings increased significantly compared with the control under the treatment of 60 mg/L Se. Conclusion Se concentration of 30 mg/L facilitated matrine and oxymatrine production and accumulation in stem/leaf tissues.
Determination of the Genomic DNA Degradation Rate of the Chinese Herb Gentianae crassicaulis Radix During Processing and Storage
Authors: Li Weitao , Yang Shaohua , Ni Lianghong , Zhao Zhili , Xu Hongxi 
Published: July 2023

Background Accurate identification of Chinese herbal medicines is the basis for their research and utilization. Molecular identification can effectively differentiate original plants from counterfeit plants. The quality of genomic DNA is an important factor affecting molecular identification. However, the processing can lead to DNA degradation of the herbal medicines, which can make it difficult for their molecular identification. Objectives To establish a genomic DNA degradation model of Gentiana crassicaulis Radix to evaluate the effects of processing methods and storage times on genomic DNA integrity. Materials and Methods A genomic DNA degradation model of G. crassicaulis—the original plant source of the Chinese herbal medicine G. crassicaulis Radix—was established using a steam heating method. Genomic DNA integrity of G. crassicaulis Radix was evaluated using capillary electrochromatography (CEC) fingerprinting and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of DNA barcoding markers following different processing and drying methods, including slicing (sliced roots), no slicing (whole roots), stoving, air drying, and sweating. Results CEC fingerprinting and DNA barcoding PCR effectively evaluated genomic DNA integrity. Compared to whole roots, sliced roots better helped maintain genomic DNA integrity. As the storage time increased, the integrity of the genomic DNA reduced; the integrity of the genomic DNA of sliced roots was greater than that of whole roots. Furthermore, the interactions between slicing and drying methods possibly reduced the genomic DNA integrity. Conclusion A genomic DNA degradation model and an evaluation system for herbal medicines were established. Our findings can help optimize the method for processing G. crassicaulis Radix and establish the traceability of genuine herbal medicines. Key Message The quality of genomic DNA is an important factor affecting molecular identification, which is essential to determine original plants. The results of our study can help develop a method for processing G. crassicaulis Radix and enable the traceability of genuine herbal medicines.
What is Known About Reproductive Autonomy Among Justice-Involved Black Women?: A Scoping Review
Authors: Crawford Allison D. , Ricks Tiffany N. , Polinard Elizabeth , Abbyad Christine W. 
Published: July 2023

Objective: There are approximately 231,000 women detained daily within the nation’s jail and prison systems with women of color making up nearly half of those experiencing incarceration. The purpose of this scoping review was to synthesize the literature on the reproductive autonomy of Black women influenced by incarceration, using the three tenets of reproductive justice. Methods: We searched PubMed, CINAHL, SocINDEX, and PsycINFO for research related to reproductive justice written in English and published in the United States from 1980 to 2022. A review of 440 article titles and abstracts yielded 32 articles for full-text review; nine articles met inclusion. Results: Eight addressed Tenet 1; five mentioned Tenet 2; none addressed Tenet 3. Recognition of the influence of incarceration on the reproductive autonomy of Black women is limited. Conclusion: The findings from this review suggest a need to address (a) reproductive choice, (b) support goals, and (c) support of justice-involved Black women.
Characteristics of the clinical pharmacist interventions at the National Center for Cancer Care and Research Hospital in Qatar
Authors: Al Dali Sara , Al-Badriyeh Daoud , Gulied Amaal , Hamad Anas , Hail Moza Al , Rouf Palli Valappila Abdul , El-Kassem Wessam , Abushanab Dina 
Published: July 2023

Introduction Drug-related problems (DRPs) affect the health outcomes of patients during hospitalization. We sought to analyze the clinical pharmacist-documented interventions among hospitalized patients in the cancer hospital in Qatar. Methods A retrospective analysis of electronically reported clinical pharmacist interventions of patients admitted to cancer units at Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar was conducted. Extracted data was based on an overall 3-month follow-up period; March 1–31, 2018, July 15–August 15, 2018 and January 1–31, 2019. Categorical variables were expressed as frequencies and percentages, while continuous variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Results A total of 281 cancer patients with 1354 interventions were included. The average age of the study participants was 47 years (SD ± 17.36). The majority of the study population was females ( n = 154, 54.80%). The prevailing pharmacist intervention was the addition of a drug therapy ( n = 305, 22.53%), followed by medication discontinuation ( n = 288, 21.27%) and the addition of a prophylactic agent ( n = 174, 12.85%). This pattern was similar across all subgroups (i.e., gender, age, ward), except for the urgent care unit, where an increase in medication dose was the third highest frequently identified intervention ( n = 3, 0.22%). The two medication groups associated with the majority of interventions were the anti-infective and fluid/electrolyte agents. Most of the interventions documented were in the oncology ward (73.19%), while the urgent care unit had the least documented interventions (1.62%). Conclusions Our analysis showed that clinical pharmacists can effectively identify and prevent DRPs among hospitalized cancer patients.
Vaccine-breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections in people with multiple sclerosis and related conditions: An observational study by the New York COVID-19 Neuro-Immunology Consortium (NYCNIC-2)
Authors: Klineova Sylvia , Farber Rebecca Straus , DeAngelis Tracy , Leung Tungming , Smith Tyler , Blanck Richard , Zhovtis-Ryerson Lana , Harel Asaff 
Published: July 2023

Background: People with MS (PwMS) and related conditions treated with anti-CD20 and S1P modulating therapies exhibit attenuated immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. It remains unclear whether humoral/T-cell responses are valid surrogates for postvaccine immunity. Objective: To characterize COVID-19 vaccine-breakthrough infections in this population. Methods: We conducted a prospective multicenter cohort study of PwMS and related CNS autoimmune conditions with confirmed breakthrough infections. Postvaccination antibody response, disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) at the time of vaccination, and DMT at the time of infection were assessed. Results: Two hundred nine patients had 211 breakthrough infections. Use of anti-CD20 agents at time of infection was associated with increased infection severity ( p = 0.0474, odds ratio (OR) = 5.923) for infections during the Omicron surge and demonstrated a trend among the total cohort ( p = 0.0533). However, neither use of anti-CD20 agents at the time of vaccination nor postvaccination antibody response was associated with hospitalization risk. Anti-CD20 therapies were relatively overrepresented compared to a similar prevaccination-era COVID-19 cohort. Conclusion: Use of anti-CD20 therapies during vaccine breakthrough COVID-19 infection is associated with higher severity. However, the attenuated postvaccination humoral response associated with anti-CD20 therapy use during vaccination may not drive increased infection severity. Further studies are necessary to determine if this attenuated vaccine response may be associated with an increased likelihood of breakthrough infection.