bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyzing the capacity to initiate transformative change: a methodology for assessing biodiversity strategies
Authors: Dupuis Louise , Leandre Coline , Langridge Joseph , Delavaud Aurélie , Jactel Hervé , Soubelet Hélène 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe new IPBES work programme “assessment of transformative change” aims to identify factors in human society—behavioural, social, cultural dimensions, among others—that may be leveraged to bring about transformative change. In this context and based on its scientific recommendations, the third French National Strategy for Biodiversity for 2030 (SNB3), published in 2022, aims to contribute to the implementation of France’s international commitments under the Convention on Biological Diversity and the EU’s Biodiversity Strategy for 2030. We carried out a critical assessment of the capacity of the first version of SNB3 to initiate transformative change. Firstly, we describe a two-step assessment methodology for determining the leverage potential of the strategy’s measures, based on a robust and replicable independent scientific audit and a multi-criteria analysis. Secondly, we present the main results of the assessment using the SNB3 as a case example. We confirm the scientific and practical relevance of this type of exercise for policy makers, for establishing strategies that are part of a transition process allowing for real transformative change in society. By analysing the measures and ranking them from most to least efficient, this study reveals the strengths and weaknesses of the strategy by anticipating what should have and may not have an impact, while highlighting what needs to be improved as a priority.
High-dimensional modeling of spatial and spatio-temporal conditional extremes using INLA and Gaussian Markov random fields
Authors: Simpson Emma S. , Opitz Thomas , Wadsworth Jennifer L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe conditional extremes framework allows for event-based stochastic modeling of dependent extremes, and has recently been extended to spatial and spatio-temporal settings. After standardizing the marginal distributions and applying an appropriate linear normalization, certain non-stationary Gaussian processes can be used as asymptotically-motivated models for the process conditioned on threshold exceedances at a fixed reference location and time. In this work, we adapt existing conditional extremes models to allow for the handling of large spatial datasets. This involves specifying the model for spatial observations atdlocations in terms of a latent$$m\ll d$$m≪ddimensional Gaussian model, whose structure is specified by a Gaussian Markov random field. We perform Bayesian inference for such models for datasets containing thousands of observation locations using the integrated nested Laplace approximation, or INLA. We explain how constraints on the spatial and spatio-temporal Gaussian processes, arising from the conditioning mechanism, can be implemented through the latent variable approach without losing the computationally convenient Markov property. We discuss tools for the comparison of models via their posterior distributions, and illustrate the flexibility of the approach with gridded Red Sea surface temperature data at over 6,000 observed locations. Posterior sampling is exploited to study the probability distribution of cluster functionals of spatial and spatio-temporal extreme episodes.
Effectiveness of Horizontal Sub-drain for Slope Stability on Crack Soil Using Numerical Model
Authors: Sari Putu Tantri Kumala , Mochtar Indrasurya B. , Chaiyaput Salisa 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA landslide occurred in the hilly area of Tulakan District, Pacitan, East Java Province, Indonesia. This was due to a period of heavy rain, resulting in a cumulative intensity of over 1000 mm in one month and a maximum daily rainfall exceeding 300 mm. Previous reports have suggested the use of horizontal sub-drains to manage groundwater levels and rainwater seepage to reduce the impact on slope stability. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of horizontal sub-drain as an alternative for managing groundwater and rainwater that seeped into the soil to increase the slope factor of safety by using numerical model. It also considered various factors such as the effect of real-time rainfall over a 30-day period before the landslide, hydraulic conductivity, soil parameter due to cracking and weathering, and the existing groundwater level. The coupled programs SEEP/W and SLOPE/W were used for analyses. The result showed that the horizontal sub-drain only increased the safety factor by less than 2% in the presence of a vertical crack and up to 7.7% with vertical cracks and weak layers in high ground water levels. In addition, this study found that horizontal sub-drains could be more effective in increasing the safety factor up to 11.5% when the rainfall intensity was higher (between 1.41 × 10–0.5 and 1.85 × 10–0.7 m/s) and lasted for 14 days. The installation position of the drains, soil conditions, rainfall condition, and contour topography were some of the factors that influenced the effectiveness of the horizontal sub-drains in increasing slope stability.
Measuring Education Changes Between Generations: Evidence for 52 Developing Countries from 1870 to 2010
Authors: Claver Raúl , Ortega-Lapiedra Raquel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis work measures the education changes between generations for a sample of 52 developing countries (Latin America, 15; Asia and the Pacific, 13; the Middle East, 6; and Africa, 18) from 1870 to 2010. Results show that the intergenerational correlations of Pearson-Spearman indices in the developing world are higher than ρ = 0.90, with those cases in which the existing correlation between individuals of the same gender exceeds values higher than ρ = 0.95 being especially noteworthy. The OLS estimations show intergenerational indices between 0.67 and 0.99, with Asia and Pacific being the region with the highest values, and Latin America being the developing region with the lowest indices. All four regions show a significantly high level of educational transmission between generations, with this lack of educational mobility appearing to be one reason for the stagnation of growth and economic development in these regions.
The principle of least action and teleological explanation in physics
Authors: Glick David 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe principle of least action (PLA) has often been cited as a counterexample to the dominant mode of causal explanation in physics. In particular, PLA seems to involve an appeal to final causes or some other teleological ideology. However, Ben-Menahem (Causation in science, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2018) argues that such implications no longer apply given that PLA can be recovered as limiting case from quantum theory. In this paper, I argue that the metaphysical implications of PLA-based explanations are not undermined by its status as derivative. However, I contend that PLA functions as a diachronic constraint that licenses explanations by constraint (Lange, Because without cause: non-casual explanations in science and mathematics. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2016). PLA-based explanations, on this account, are non-causal but also differ from familiar cases of teleological explanations in several respects.
Tomb towers and minarets: analysis of symmetries and geometries of Iranian geometrical ornaments of the Seljuq era. Pictorial requiem for the Kharraqan towers
Authors: Makovicky Emil 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOrnamental adornment of the Kharraqan tomb towers, the most outstanding funeral monuments of the Seljuk era in NW Iran, and those of four best-preserved Seljuq brick minarets in northern Iran, documents the artistic canon of the pre-glaze stage of Iranian Islamic architecture. Despite some later interruptions, these monuments and their plain-brick ornaments, as well as the ‘virtually interlaced’ brick ornaments, stand at the beginnings of a rich development that led to the Safavid architecture of Iran. Besides documentation and study of the geometric character of early Islamic art, which was based on limited technical resources, this study offers insight into symmetry concepts developed at this stage of art and architecture development. This is the last and most complete study of the Kharraqan towers performed before their overwhelming destruction in the 2002 earthquake.
Influence of a magnetic field on a nonlocal thermoelastic porous solid with memory-dependent derivative
Authors: Said Samia M. , Othman Mohamed I. A. , Eldemerdash Mohamed G. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA novel model of a nonlocal magneto-thermoelastic porous solid in the context of the three-phase-lag model with a memory-dependent derivative is introduced. The effect of a magnetic field on a nonlocal thermoelastic porous medium in the context of a three-phase-lag model with memory-dependent derivatives was studied. The normal mode analysis is used to solve the problem of an isothermal boundary to obtain the exact expressions of physical fields. The numerical results are represented to estimate the effects of the magnetic field, time delay, and the nonlocal parameter on the behavior of all of the field variables such as temperature, displacement, and stresses. Comparisons are given for the results in the absence and presence of the magnetic field as well as the locality. Comparisons are also given for the results for different values of time delay. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this model is reported for the first time. Some particular cases are also deduced from the present investigation.
Karst conduit size distribution evolution using speleogenesis modelling
Authors: Maqueda A. , Renard P. , Filipponi M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOne of the critical aspects when modeling groundwater flow in karstic aquifers is to estimate the statistics of the size of the conduits, in conjunction with the connectivity of the karst conduit network. Statistical analysis can be performed on data gathered by speleologists, but a significant fraction of the karst conduit networks is not directly reachable, and therefore, the resulting statistics are incomplete. An alternative method to evaluate the inaccessible areas of a karst conduit network is to simulate numerically the speleogenesis processes. In this paper, we use a coupled reactive-transport model to simulate the evolution of a vertical section of a fractured carbonate aquifer and investigate how the statistical distribution of the fracture apertures evolves. The numerical results confirm that the karstification proceeds in different phases that were previously hypothesized and described (inception, gestation, development). These phases result in a multi-modal distribution of conduit aperture. Each mode has a roughly lognormal distribution and corresponds to a different phase of this evolution. These outcomes can help better characterize the statistical distribution of karst conduit apertures including the inaccessible part of the network.
Modification of Casting Production Parameters in Order to Obtain Products with the Assumed Parameters with Using Machine Learning
Authors: Wilk-Kołodziejczyk Dorota , Małysza Marcin , Jaśkowiec Krzysztof , Bitka Adam , Głowacki Mirosław 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA study was carried out on the possibility of using artificial intelligence in the modification of the casting production process. Proposed solution shows the model for our data and how the changes may affect the cost of metal casting. These activities are the subject of the research described in this article. In the proposed solution, the cost function was added to the prediction model developed and presented by Hazela et al. (J Nanomater, 2022). The data obtained as a result of the model operation were verified using a computer simulation and a physical experiment.
Insulin-like growth factor 1 in heat stress-induced neuroinflammation: novel perspective about the neuroprotective role of chromium
Authors: Wang Songlin , Hou Kanghui , Gui Siqi , Ma Yue , Wang Shuai , Zhao Shanting , Zhu Xiaoyan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHeat stress (HS) can cause a series of stress responses, resulting in numerous negative effects on the body, such as the diminished food intake, carcass quality and reproductive capacity. In addition to the negative effects on the peripheral system, HS leads to central nervous system (CNS) disorders given its toll on neuroinflammation. This neuroinflammatory process is mainly mediated by microglia and astrocytes, which are involved in the activation of glial cells and the secretion of cytokines. While the regulation of inflammatory signaling has a close relationship with the expression of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), HS-induced neuroinflammation is closely related to the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Moreover, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are key players in the development of neuroinflammation. Chromium (Cr) has been widely shown to have neuroprotective effects in both humans and animals, despite the lack of mechanistic evidence. Evidence has shown that Cr supplementation can increase the levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), a major neurotrophic factor with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. This review highlights recent advances in the attenuating effects and potential mechanisms of Cr-mediated IGF-1 actions on HS-induced neuroinflammation, providing presently existing evidence supporting the neuroprotective role of Cr.
Human Nature
Authors: Ramsey Grant 
Published: July 2023

Human nature is frequently evoked to characterize our species and describe how it differs from others. But how should we understand this concept? What is the nature of a species? Some take our nature to be an essence and argue that because humans lack an essence, they also lack a nature. Others argue for non-essentialist ways of understanding human nature, which usually aim to provide criteria for sorting human traits into one of two bins, the one belonging to our nature and the other outside our nature. This Element argues that both the essentialist and trait bin approaches are misguided. Instead, the author develops a trait cluster account of human nature, which holds that human nature is based on the distribution of our traits over our (actual and possible) life histories. One benefit of this account is that it aligns human nature with the human sciences, rendering the central concern of the human sciences to be the study of human nature. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Legislative Resources, Corruption, and Incumbency
Authors: Martin Shane , McClean Charles T. , Strøm Kaare W. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMembers of some legislatures enjoy long political careers, whereas elsewhere turnover is rampant. This variation is consequential since high-incumbency assemblies may facilitate legislative expertise at the expense of social representation. We explore cross-national differences in re-election (incumbency) rates by identifying ‘supply’ conditions such as legislative resources that benefit incumbents as well as ‘demand’ conditions such as political corruption that affect voters' willingness to re-elect incumbents. We hypothesize that legislative perquisites help incumbents win re-election, but only if there is relatively high public confidence in politics, as reflected in low corruption levels. We tested our argument using OLS and instrumental variable regression and new global data on sixty-eight democracies (2000–18) covering 288 elections and over 55,000 legislators. We found that legislative resources help incumbents get re-elected only under relatively low levels of political corruption. In contrast, under severe corruption, such resources can depress re-election rates.
“Geochronology and geochemistry of pelitic granulite from the South Delhi Terrane of the Aravalli Delhi Mobile Belt, NW India: implications for petrogenesis and geodynamic model”
Authors: Kumar M. , Prakash D. , Singh C. K. , Singh S. , Pandey R. K. , Singh Pradip K. , Mahanta B. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAn attempt has been made to illustrate the evolution of pelitic granulite from south of the Balaram-Abu road, which lies in the South Delhi Terrane (SDT) of the Aravalli-Delhi Mobile Belt (ADMB), using geochemistry and geochronology. The current work offers a plausible explanation for the protolith of pelitic granulite, nature of the sediments and its provenance. The elemental geochemistry of the pelitic granulites reveals that the protolith is an arkosic to shaley type. The rare earth elements pattern shows that there is a negative Eu anomaly and a small excess of LREE over HREE. This means that the source of sediments probably has the same elements as the upper crust. However, the amounts of Sr, Nd and Pb vary a lot, which shows that the sediments supplied from two different types of sources (felsic and mafic) in different proportions from a Proterozoic terrain. The monazite geochronology indicates that the metamorphic overprint occurred between 797 Ma and 906 Ma. Additionally, the ages correlate to the debris that was formed between the 1188 Ma and 1324 Ma from magmatic/sedimentary sources for pelitic granulite. The present research provides a more in-depth understanding of the evolutionary history of the pelitic granulite that comprises the SDT in the ADMB region during the Proterozoic era.
WHERE ARE WE GOING? AND WHAT HAVE WE DONE?
Authors: Moorehouse Aaron 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis article discusses responses to the survey-score Where are we Going? and What have we Done?, which sets out to explore how Anglophone composers choose to ground the impacts of their compositional practice. The composers’ responses primarily centred around the psychosocial impacts of composition, and the article unpicks some of the implications of this focus. The article then details the effect the survey-score had on my own composing, before outlining the affordances of narrative approaches to the act of scoring, and their ability to shine a brighter light on the impacts of our practice, both retrospectively and also with regards to future performances.
Subgroups of self-neglect and effects on suicidal ideation among the older adults
Authors: Lee Hyun , Lee Eunjin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe issue of self-neglect among older adults is receiving attention in modern societies where aging is accelerating. To help expand our understanding of this phenomenon, this study identified its different types using latent profile analysis and verified the main variables that distinguish these types from each other. The three profiles that were identified are high self-neglect (HSN: 28.8%), low self-neglect (LSN: 35.6%), and poor personal hygiene (PPH: 35.6%). Interestingly, PPH showed a high rate and was identified as a noticeable type of elder self-neglect. Gender, age group, SES, support size, and suicidal ideation were significant in classifying the types of self-neglect. Men were more likely to be within the HSN group, and late elderly were more likely to be within the PPH group. The higher SES and social support, the higher the probability of being within the LSN group. The higher the suicidal ideation, the higher the possibility of falling under the HSN group. To reduce self-neglect among older adults, this study suggests to older adults vulnerable to self-neglect, expansion of the social support available to them, and provision of mental health services to this population.
Association Between Long‐Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter Constituents and Progression of Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity in Beijing: Modifying Effect of Greenness
Authors: Xu Zongkai , Han Ze , Wang Jinqi , Jin Rui , Li Zhiwei , Wu Zhiyuan , Zhao Zemeng , Lv Shiyun , Zhao Xiaoyu , Liu Yueruijing , Guo Xiuhua , Tao Lixin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFew studies have explored the effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its constituents on the progression of cerebral blood flow velocity (BFV) and the potential modifying role of greenness. In this study, we investigated the association of PM2.5 and its constituents, including sulfate (SO42−), nitrate (NO3−), ammonium (NH4+), organic matter (OM), and black carbon (BC), with the progression of BFV in the middle cerebral artery. Participants from the Beijing Health Management Cohort who underwent at least two transcranial Doppler sonography examinations during 2015–2020 were recruited. BFV change and BFV change rate were used to define the progression of cerebral BFV. Linear mixed effects models were employed to analyze the data, and the weighted quantile sum regression assessed the contribution of PM2.5 constituents. Additionally, greenness was examined as a modifier. Among the examined constituents, OM exhibited the strongest association with BFV progression. An interquartile range increase in PM2.5 and OM exposure concentrations was associated with a decrease of −16.519 cm/s (95% CI: −17.837, −15.201) and −15.403 cm/s (95% CI: −16.681, −14.126) in BFV change, and −10.369 cm/s/year (95% CI: −11.387, −9.352) and −9.615 cm/s/year (95% CI: −10.599, −8.632) in BFV change rate, respectively. Furthermore, stronger associations between PM2.5 and BFV progression were observed in individuals working in areas with lower greenness, those aged under 45 years, and females. In conclusion, reducing PM2.5 levels in the air, particularly the OM constituent, and enhancing greenness could potentially contribute to the protection of cerebrovascular health.
Role of neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration development
Authors: Zhang Weifeng , Xiao Dan , Mao Qinwen , Xia Haibin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractStudies in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, and so on, have suggested that inflammation is not only a result of neurodegeneration but also a crucial player in this process. Protein aggregates which are very common pathological phenomenon in neurodegeneration can induce neuroinflammation which further aggravates protein aggregation and neurodegeneration. Actually, inflammation even happens earlier than protein aggregation. Neuroinflammation induced by genetic variations in CNS cells or by peripheral immune cells may induce protein deposition in some susceptible population. Numerous signaling pathways and a range of CNS cells have been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration, although they are still far from being completely understood. Due to the limited success of traditional treatment methods, blocking or enhancing inflammatory signaling pathways involved in neurodegeneration are considered to be promising strategies for the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases, and many of them have got exciting results in animal models or clinical trials. Some of them, although very few, have been approved by FDA for clinical usage. Here we comprehensively review the factors affecting neuroinflammation and the major inflammatory signaling pathways involved in the pathogenicity of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We also summarize the current strategies, both in animal models and in the clinic, for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.