bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of finger flexor resistance training, with and without blood flow restriction, on perceptional and physiological responses in advanced climbers
Authors: Andersen Vidar , Hermans Espen , Vereide Vegard , Stien Nicolay , Paulsen Gøran , Baláš Jiří , Michailov Michail Lubomirov , Pedersen Helene , Saeterbakken Atle Hole 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study compared perceptional and physiological responses of finger flexor exercise performed with free flow and blood flow restriction (BFR). Thirteen male advanced climbers completed three sessions of finger flexor resistance exercise at (1) 40% of MVC (Low) and (2) 75% of MVC (High) and (3) BFR at 40% of MVC (Low + BFR) in a randomized and counterbalanced order. Rate of perceived exertion for effort (RPE) and discomfort (RPD), session pleasure/displeasure (sPDF), exercise enjoyment (EES), lactate concentration and oxygen saturation were recorded after the last set. Both low-intensity sessions induced higher RPD than High (p = 0.018–0.022, ES = 1.01–1.09) and High was perceived as more enjoyable than Low-BFR (p = 0.031, ES = 1.08). No differences were found for RPE or sPDF (p = 0.132–0.804). Lactate was elevated more after High than the Low-sessions (p < 0.001, ES = 1.88–2.08). Capillary oxygen saturation was lower after Low + BFR compared to the other sessions (p = 0.031, ES = 1.04–1.27). Finally, the exercise volume was greater in Low compared to High (p = 0.022, ES = 1.14) and Low + BFR (p = 0.020, ES = 0.77). In conclusion, among advanced male climbers, performing Low + BFR led to a similar exercise volume but was perceived as more discomforting and less enjoyable compared to High. The Low session yielded similar responses as the Low + BFR but required a much greater exercise volume.
Lung tropism in hospitalized patients following infection with SARS-CoV-2 variants from D614G to Omicron BA.2
Authors: Hirotsu Yosuke , Kakizaki Yumiko , Saito Akitoshi , Tsutsui Toshiharu , Hanawa Syunya , Yamaki Haruna , Ide Syuichiro , Kawaguchi Makoto , Kobayashi Hiroaki , Miyashita Yoshihiro , Omata Masao 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
The genetic and pathogenic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 have evolved from the original isolated strains; however, the changes in viral virulence have not been fully defined. In this study, we analyzed the association between the severity of the pathogenesis of pneumonia in humans and SARS-CoV-2 variants that have been prevalent to date.

Methods
We examined changes in the variants and tropism of SARS-CoV-2. A total of 514 patients admitted between February 2020 and August 2022 were included and evaluated for pneumonia by computed tomography (CT) as a surrogate of viral tropism.

Results
The prevalence of pneumonia for each variant was as follows: D614G (57%, 65/114), Alpha (67%, 41/61), Delta (49%, 41/84), Omicron BA.1.1 (26%, 43/163), and Omicron BA.2 (11%, 10/92). The pneumonia prevalence in unvaccinated patients progressively declined from 70% to 11% as the variants changed: D614G (56%, 61/108), Alpha (70%, 26/37), Delta (60%, 38/63), BA.1.1 (52%, 15/29), and BA.2 (11%, 2/19). The presence of pneumonia in vaccinated patients was as follows: Delta (16%, 3/19), BA.1.1 (21%, 27/129), and BA.2 (11%, 8/73). Compared with D614G, the areas of lung involvement were also significantly reduced in BA.1.1 and BA.2 variants.

Conclusions
Compared with previous variants, there was a marked decrease in pneumonia prevalence and lung involvement in patients infected with Omicron owing to decreased tropism in the lungs that hindered viral proliferation in the alveolar epithelial tissue. Nevertheless, older, high-risk patients with comorbidities who are infected with an Omicron variant can still develop pneumonia and require early treatment.
Vertical GeSn nanowire MOSFETs for CMOS beyond silicon
Authors: Liu Mingshan , Junk Yannik , Han Yi , Yang Dong , Bae Jin Hee , Frauenrath Marvin , Hartmann Jean-Michel , Ikonic Zoran , Bärwolf Florian , Mai Andreas , Grützmacher Detlev , Knoch Joachim , Buca Dan , Zhao Qing-Tai 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The continued downscaling of silicon CMOS technology presents challenges for achieving the required low power consumption. While high mobility channel materials hold promise for improved device performance at low power levels, a material system which enables both high mobility n-FETs and p-FETs, that is compatible with Si technology and can be readily integrated into existing fabrication lines is required. Here, we present high performance, vertical nanowire gate-all-around FETs based on the GeSn-material system grown on Si. While the p-FET transconductance is increased to 850 µS/µm by exploiting the small band gap of GeSn as source yielding high injection velocities, the mobility in n-FETs is increased 2.5-fold compared to a Ge reference device, by using GeSn as channel material. The potential of the material system for a future beyond Si CMOS logic and quantum computing applications is demonstrated via a GeSn inverter and steep switching at cryogenic temperatures, respectively.
A cognition‐inspired trajectory prediction method for vehicles in interactive scenarios
Authors: Xie Shanshan , Li Jiachen , Wang Jianqiang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTrajectory prediction of the ego vehicle is necessary for the cooperation driving of intelligent vehicles and drivers. Methods based on deep learning can fit complex functions, but they usually focus on vehicles' behavioral characteristics. However, vehicles' trajectories are closely related to the cognition results of drivers. Therefore, based on drivers' cognitive characteristics, a network model is designed to predict vehicle trajectories. Specifically, in the perception stage, featured grids are used that are in the driver's view to encode perceptual information; in the decision stage, convolution and graph attention operations are combined to model the driver's interaction with the surrounding traffic elements; in the motion stage, the elements are constrained in one hidden layer by vehicles' actual control inputs and design the corresponding method to obtain probabilistic results. With experiments in two typical scenarios, including intersection and roundabout, the proposed method can obtain reasonable prediction accuracy and generalizability. Meanwhile, abundant experiments are conducted and the results are compared, which reveal some common problems when predicting vehicle trajectories, particularly based on drivers' cognitive characteristics. These lessons learned from this study are summarized which may be useful for newcomers.
Levenberg Marquardt artificial neural network model for self‐organising networks implementation in wireless sensor network
Authors: Hakim Galang P. N. , Hadi Habaebi Mohamed , Elsheikh Elfatih A. A. , Suliman Fakhereldin M. , Islam Md. Rafiqul , Yusoff Siti Hajar Binti , Adesta Erry Yulian T. , Anzum Rabeya 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Wireless Sensor Network needs to become a dynamic and adaptive network to conserve energy stored in the wireless sensor network node battery. This dynamic and adaptive network sometimes are called SON (Self Organizing Network). Several SON concepts have been developed such as routing, clustering, intrusion detection, and other. Although several SON concepts already exist, however, there is no concept for SON in dynamic radio configuration. Therefore, the authors’ contribution to this field would be proposing a dynamic and adaptive Wireless Sensor Network node radio configuration. The significance of their work lies in the modelling of the SON network that builds based on our measurement in the real‐world jungle environment. The authors propose input parameters such as SNR, the distance between the transmitter and receiver, and frequency as the static parameter. For adaptive parameters, we propose bandwidth, spreading factor, and its most important parameter such as power for data transmission. Using the Levenberg Marquardt Artificial Neural Network (LM‐ANN) self‐organise Network model, power reduction and optimisation from 20 dBm to 14.9 dBm for SNR 3, to 11.5 dBm for SNR 6, and to 12.9 dBm for SNR 9 all within a 100‐m range can be achieved. With this result, the authors conclude that we can use LM‐ANN for the wireless sensor network SON model in the jungle environment.
Nuclear high-ionisation outflow in the Compton-thick AGN NGC 6552 as seen by the JWST mid-infrared instrument
Authors: Álvarez-Márquez J. , Labiano A. , Guillard P. , Dicken D. , Argyriou I. , Patapis P. , Law D. R. , Kavanagh P. J. , Larson K. L. , Gasman D. , Mueller M. , Alberts S. , Brandl B. R. , Colina L. , García-Marín M. , Jones O. C. , Noriega-Crespo A. , Shivaei I. , Temim T. , Wright G. S. 
Published: February 2023

Context. During the commissioning of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), the mid-infrared instrument (MIRI) observed NGC 6552 with the MIRI Imager and the Medium-Resolution Spectrograph (MRS). NGC 6552 is an active galactic nucleus (AGN) at a redshift of 0.0266 (DL = 120 Mpc) classified as a Seyfert 2 nucleus in the optical and Compton-thick AGN in the X-ray.
Aims. This work exemplifies and demonstrates the MRS capabilities to study the mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectra and characterise the physical conditions and kinematics of the ionised and molecular gas in the nuclear regions of nearby galaxies.
Methods. MIRI Imager observations covers the full NGC 6552 galaxy at 5.6 μm. MRS observations covers its nuclear region (3.6×4.3 kpc at 17.7–27.9 μm) in a wavelength range between 4.9 and 27.9 μm. These observations were obtained with the aim to investigate the persistence of the MIRI detectors (residual signal left from previous bright source observations). However, NGC 6552 observations demonstrate the performance and power of the MIRI instrument even with a non-optimal observational strategy.
Results. We obtained the nuclear, circumnuclear, and central mid-IR spectra of NGC 6552. They provide the first clear observational evidence for a nuclear outflow in NGC 6552. The outflow contributes to 67±7% of the total line flux independent of the ionisation potential (27–187 eV) and critical densities (104–4×106 cm−3), showing an average blue-shifted peak velocity of −127±45 km s−1 and an outflow maximal velocity of 698±80 km s−1. Since the mid-IR photons penetrate dusty regions as efficiently as X-ray keV photons, we interpret these results as the evidence for a highly ionised, non-stratified, AGN-powered, and fast outflowing gas in a low density environment (few 103 cm−3) located very close (< 0.2 kpc) to the Compton-thick AGN. Nine pure rotational molecular Hydrogen lines are detected and spectrally resolved, and exhibit symmetric Gaussian profiles, consistent with the galactic rotation, and with no evidence of outflowing H2 material. We detect a warm H2 mass of 1.9 ± 1.1 × 107 M⊙ in the central region (1.8 kpc in diameter) of the galaxy, with almost 30% of that mass in the circumnuclear region. Line ratios confirm that NGC 6552 has a Seyfert nucleus with a black hole mass estimated in the range of 0.6–6 million solar masses.
Conclusions. This work demonstrates the power of the newly commissioned MIRI Medium Resolution Spectrograph to reveal new insights in the kinematics and ionisation state of the interstellar medium around the dusty nuclear regions of nearby active galaxies.
A Revised Version of the TNM Classification Leads to Optimized
Predictive Performance in Patients with Adrenocortical Carcinoma
Authors: David Stephan Oliver , Krieg Sarah , Esposito Irene , Schott Matthias , Giesel Frederik Lars , Roderburg Christoph , Loosen Sven Heiko , Luedde Tom , Knoefel Wolfram Trudo , Krieg Andreas 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe prognostic stratification of the current AJCC/UICC TNM classification
for adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) has been validated in only a few studies. In
this study, it was hypothesized that redefining the T category cut-off would
result in a significant improvement in estimated stage-related survival. In 935
patients with ACC from the SEER database, optimal cut-off values based on tumor
size were first determined to redefine T1 and T2 categories. Cox proportional
hazards regression analysis and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) were
then used to determine the prognostic value of the revised version. A new
cut-off value of 9.5 cm tumor size was established to differentiate
between T1 and T2 tumors, leading to a revised TNM classification. As a result,
a more homogeneous distribution of patients with ACC across all stages was
observed. Notably, the predictive value of the newly proposed TNM classification
in the ROC analysis exceeded that of the 7th and 8th editions of the
AJCC/UICC classification system. Finally, the prognostic superiority of
the revised TNM classification was confirmed in a multivariate Cox proportional
hazards regression model. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that
updating the current staging system with revised T1 and T2 categories
significantly improves the prediction of cancer-specific survival (CSS) in
patients with ACC.
Post-COVID-19 Thoracic Aortic Rupture with an Unforeseen Spinal Epidural Hematoma
Authors: Lohani Kush R. , Sannasi Vikram V. , Sidhu Harvinder R. S. , Ooi Oon C. , Hung Wu P. , Chen Min Q. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe importance of prompt diagnosis and early stenting of an aortic rupture cannot be overemphasized. We present a case of thoracic aortic rupture in a middle-aged gentleman who had recently suffered coronavirus disease 2019. The case was further complicated by the development of an unexpected spinal epidural hematoma.
Validity of Routinely Reported Rutherford Scores Reported by Clinicians as Part of Daily Clinical Practice
Authors: van der Heijden Laura L.M. , Marang-van de Mheen Perla J. , Thielman Louis , Stijnen Pieter , Hamming Jaap F. , Fourneau Inge 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRoutinely reported structured data from the electronic health record (EHR) are frequently used for secondary purposes. However, it is unknown how valid routinely reported data are for reuse.This study aimed to assess the validity of routinely reported Rutherford scores by clinicians as an indicator for the validity of structured data in the EHR.This observational study compared clinician-reported Rutherford scores with medical record review Rutherford scores for all visits at the vascular surgery department between April 1, 2016 and December 31, 2018. Free-text fields with clinical information for all visits were extracted for the assignment of the medical record review Rutherford score, after which the agreement with the clinician-reported Rutherford score was assessed using Fleiss' Kappa.A total of 6,633 visits were included for medical record review. Substantial agreement was shown between clinician-reported Rutherford scores and medical record review Rutherford scores for the left (k = 0.62, confidence interval [CI]: 0.60–0.63) and right leg (k = 0.62, CI: 0.60–0.64). This increased to the almost perfect agreement for left (k = 0.84, CI: 0.82–0.86) and right leg (k = 0.85, CI: 0.83–0.87), when excluding missing clinician-reported Rutherford scores. Expert's judgment was rarely required to be the deciding factor (11 out of 6,633).Substantial agreement between clinician-reported Rutherford scores and medical record review Rutherford scores was found, which could be an indicator for the validity of routinely reported data. Depending on its purpose, the secondary use of routinely collected Rutherford scores is a viable option.
Drug-Induced Movement Disorders
Authors: Pandey Sanjay , Pitakpatapee Yuvadee , Saengphatrachai Weerawat , Chouksey Anjali , Tripathi Madhavi , Srivanitchapoom Prachaya 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDrug-induced movement disorders (DIMDs) are most commonly associated with typical and atypical antipsychotics. However, other drugs such as antidepressants, antihistamines, antiepileptics, antiarrhythmics, and gastrointestinal drugs can also cause abnormal involuntary movements. Different types of movement disorders can also occur because of adverse drug reactions. Therefore, the important key to diagnosing DIMDs is a causal relationship between potential offending drugs and the occurrence of abnormal movements. The pathophysiology of DIMDs is not clearly understood; however, many cases of DIMDs are thought to exert adverse mechanisms of action in the basal ganglia. The treatment of some DIMDs is quite challenging, and removing the offending drugs may not be possible in some conditions such as withdrawing antipsychotics in the patient with partially or uncontrollable neuropsychiatric conditions. Future research is needed to understand the mechanism of DIMDs and the development of drugs with better side-effect profiles. This article reviews the phenomenology, diagnostic criteria, pathophysiology, and management of DIMDs.
How to reduce termination on freemium platforms—literature review and empirical analysis
Authors: Brüggemann Philipp , Lehmann-Zschunke Nina 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn light of increasing digitization and monetization, the freemium pricing model is being used more and more frequently. Against a backdrop of increasing competition and rising costs to attract new users, freemium platform providers need to know how to reduce termination rates. We analyze several influencing factors of termination rates using extensive data over a 5-year period from a freemium platform on sport and breeding horses. We find that shorter contract terms, increasing involvement, and increasing platform-specific content reduces termination rates. Furthermore, freemium providers should pay special attention to the interaction of video views and number of last logins. While both variables individually have no significant influence, the interaction effect positively affects termination rates. The higher both the number of video views and the number of last logins, the higher the termination rate. For freemium providers this finding leads to a dilemma. In short term (within a week), they do not know if a premium user has logged in for the last time and is willing to terminate. Still, this result is highly relevant for freemium providers. They should use our results to analyze last logins and video views ex post. In this way, they can learn about their customers’ behavior and find out how to reduce the termination rate in the future.
3D SOI edge coupler design for high tolerance
Authors: Yu Shengtao , Li Xiaoyu , Gui Chengqun 
Published: February 2023

We designed and manufactured two single-mode fiber-to-chip three-dimensional (3D) edge couplers with taper and semi-cone structures on a 3.5 µm silicon device layer of a silicon-on-insulator. The 3D finite-difference time-domain is used to simulate and optimize the structure of the edge couplers within the 1550 nm band. The simulation results reveal a maximum coupling efficiency of the 3D edge couplers above 91.42% for the TE mode. The 3 dB coupling tolerances of the TE mode in horizontal and vertical directions are ±4.5 and ±1.5 µm, respectively. Laser-direct-writing grayscale lithography and inductive coupled plasma-reactive ion etching are used in the fabrication of 3D edge couplers. Experimental data show that 3D couplers have a maximum coupling efficiency of about 83.41% in the TE mode.
Pure spin current injection of single-layer monochalcogenides
Authors: Mendoza Bernardo S , Grillo Simone , Juárez-Reyes Lucila , Fregoso Benjamin M 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We compute the spectrum of pure spin current injection in ferroelectric single-layer SnS, SnSe, GeS, and GeSe. The formalism takes into account the coherent spin dynamics of optically excited conduction states split in energy by spin–orbit coupling. The velocity of the electron’s spins is calculated as a function of incoming photon energy and angle of linearly polarized light within a full electronic band structure scheme using density functional theory. We find peak speeds of 520, 360, 270 and 370 Km s−1 for SnS, SnSe, GeS and GeSe, respectively which are an order of magnitude larger than those found in bulk semiconductors, e.g., GaAs and CdSe. Interestingly, the spin velocity is almost independent of the direction of polarization of light in a range of photon energies. Our results demonstrate that single-layer SnS, SnSe, GeS and GeSe are candidates to produce on demand spin-current in spintronics applications.
Current Status of Early Complications Caused by Hyaluronic Acid Fillers: Insights From a Descriptive, Observational Study of 41,775 Cases
Authors: Nishikawa Ayaka , Aikawa Yoshiyuki , Kono Taro 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
The number of hyaluronic acid (HA) filler treatments has increased in recent years. Although extremely rare, serious complications associated with these treatments, such as skin necrosis, blindness, and stroke caused by vascular compromise, have been reported.

Objectives
To evaluate the specific details related to early complications caused by HA filler injection in our group, understand the current status, and gain further insights from the findings.

Methods
A nationwide, observational, descriptive, multicenter, retrospective study was conducted. Of the 41,775 cases (58,533 sites of injection), 29 cases of early complications (onset of less than 14 days after injection) were included in the study.

Results
The injection site with the highest rate of early complications was the upper eyelids (0.41%; n = 1/241 sites). The most commonly injected site was the nasolabial fold (n = 13/29 cases), and the most common early complication was vascular compromise (n = 18/29 cases). The average experience of the injectors was 28.7 ± 31.9 months.

Conclusions
All 13 patients injected in the nasolabial fold experienced vascular compromise, potentially related to the anatomical feature of a facial artery running parallel to the nasolabial fold, which is commonly found in Asian populations. Regardless of the injection site, accurate anatomical knowledge and knowledge and experience regarding HA fillers, including appropriate patient selection and injection techniques, are strictly required for injectors to anticipate early complications. Therefore, it is important to establish original guidelines based on experience and ensure their thorough implementation in our facilities.

Level of Evidence: 4
Macro-Level Social Work Interventions in Schools: Poverty Simulation Programs as Professional Development Opportunities for K–12 Educators
Authors: Curry Anna Maria T , Tomczak Stephen Monroe 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPoverty continues to be a significant public health crisis across the United States, and its impact is particularly prevalent among school-aged youth and their families. Many K–12 educators do not fully understand the realities associated with living in poverty. Such a lack of understanding impacts teachers’ ability to meet the unique educational needs of students experiencing poverty and develop positive teacher–student relationships. This article sets the stage for further discussion on the lack of quality training, education, and professional development for teachers on poverty. The authors propose a model for professional development aimed at increasing empathy and understanding among K–12 educators through experiential learning tools such as the Community Action Poverty Simulation. The article concludes with an in-depth discussion on implications for future practice and a call to action for school social workers to bring innovative solutions to their campuses that pull from their educational background in advocacy and social justice to enhance teacher training through an interdisciplinary approach.