bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detrimental impact of the
Geobacter metallireducens
type VI secretion system on direct interspecies electron transfer
Authors: Smith Jessica A. , Holmes Dawn E. , Woodard Trevor L. , Li Yang , Liu Xinying , Wang Li-Ying , Meier David , Schwarz Ingrid A. , Lovley Derek R. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) is important in anaerobic communities of environmental and practical significance. Other than the need for close physical contact for electrical connections, the interactions of DIET partners are poorly understood. Type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) typically kill competitive microbes. Surprisingly,
Geobacter metallireducens
highly expressed T6SS genes when DIET-based co-cultures were initiated with
Geobacter sulfurreducens
. T6SS gene expression was lower when the electron shuttle anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate was added to alleviate the need for interspecies contact. Disruption of
hcp
, the
G. metallireducens
gene for the main T6SS needle-tube protein subunit, and the most highly upregulated gene in DIET-grown cells eliminated the long lag periods required for the initiation of DIET. The mutation did not aid DIET in the presence of granular-activated carbon (GAC), consistent with the fact that DIET partners do not make physical contact when electrically connected through conductive materials. The
hcp
-deficient mutant also established DIET quicker with
Methanosarcina barkeri
. However, the mutant also reduced Fe(III) oxide faster than the wild-type strain, a phenotype not expected from the loss of the T6SS. Quantitative PCR revealed greater gene transcript abundance for key components of extracellular electron transfer in the
hcp
-deficient mutant versus the wild-type strain, potentially accounting for the faster Fe(III) oxide reduction and impact on DIET. The results highlight that interspecies interactions beyond electrical connections may influence DIET effectiveness. The unexpected increase in the expression of genes for extracellular electron transport components when
hcp
was deleted emphasizes the complexities in evaluating the electromicrobiology of highly adaptable
Geobacter
species.

IMPORTANCE

Direct interspecies electron transfer is an alternative to the much more intensively studied process of interspecies H
2
transfer as a mechanism for microbes to share electrons during the cooperative metabolism of energy sources. DIET is an important process in anaerobic soils and sediments generating methane, a significant greenhouse gas. Facilitating DIET can accelerate and stabilize the conversion of organic wastes to methane biofuel in anaerobic digesters. Therefore, a better understanding of the factors controlling how fast DIET partnerships are established is expected to lead to new strategies for promoting this bioenergy process. The finding that when co-cultured with
G. sulfurreducens, G. metallireducens
initially expressed a type VI secretion system, a behavior not conducive to interspecies cooperation, illustrates the complexity of establishing syntrophic relationships.
Myofascial acupuncture versus routine acupuncture for mechanical neck pain: a protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Qiu Xing-Hua , Yang Xing-Yue , Wang Yu-Yu , Tian Su-Ling , Yan Yan-Bin , Xu An-Ping , Fu Fei , Wen Feng-Yun , Yang Yang , Zhang Yang , Zhang Yu-Qin , Yang Zhi-Wen , Xu Chang , Sun Qian-Hui , Wu Xiao-Ling , Dai Xing-Ye , Li Na , Cheng Kai 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionMechanical neck pain (MNP) is defined as pain in the area of the neck and/or neck-shoulder provoked by body mechanics and which adversely affects physical, psychological and social function. The treatments for MNP are limited. Previous studies and clinical experience have indicated that myofascial acupuncture might be a better treatment option for MNP, but the efficacy is controversial. Therefore, our aim is to compare the efficacy of myofascial acupuncture and routine acupuncture for MNP.Methods and analysisThe study is a multicentre, prospective randomised clinical trial. Patients will be recruited from four tertiary hospitals in China. A total of 438 participants with MNP will be randomly assigned into two groups, namely the ‘Sancai-Tianbu’ myofascial acupuncture group and the routine acupuncture group, at a ratio of 1:1. Each group will receive the acupuncture treatment twice a week for 21 days, totalling six sessions. The primary outcome will be the Visual Analogue Scale score. The secondary outcomes will be the Neck Disability Index, the cervical range of motion and the MOS 36-Item Short Form Health Survey. The assessments will be performed at baseline (immediately after allocation), pretreatment (5 min before every treatment), post-treatment (within 10 min after every treatment), postcourse (within 1 day after the course), and at 1, 3 and 6 months after the course. All patients will be included in the intent-to-treat analysis. Repeated-measure analysis of covariance will be used to determine the effects of the intervention on the outcome measures.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained from China Aerospace Science & Industry Corporation 731 Hospital, with permission number 2022-0204-01. Written informed consent will be obtained from the enrolled patients. Trial results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications.Trial registration numberChiCTR2200061453.
Endoluminal radiofrequency ablation in patients with malignant biliary obstruction: a randomised trial
Authors: Jarosova Jana , Zarivnijova Lea , Cibulkova Ivana , Mares Jan , Macinga Peter , Hujova Alzbeta , Falt Premysl , Urban Ondrej , Hajer Jan , Spicak Julius , Hucl Tomas 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundEndoluminal radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been promoted as palliative treatment for patients with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in order to improve biliary drainage and eventually prolong survival. No high level evidence is, however, available on this technique.DesignIn this randomised controlled study, we compared endoluminal RFA plus stenting with stenting alone (control group) in patients with malignant biliary obstruction; metal stents were primarily placed. Primary outcome was overall survival; secondary outcomes were stent patency, quality of life and adverse events. In a superiority design, survival was assumed to be doubled by RFA as compared with 6.4 months in the control group (n=280).ResultsA total of 161 patients (male:female 90:71, mean age 71±9 years) were randomised before recruitment was terminated for futility after an interim analysis. Eighty-five patients had CCA (73 hilar, 12 distal) and 76 had pancreatic cancer. There was no difference in survival in both subgroups: for patients with CCA, median survival was 10.5 months (95% CI 6.7 to 18.3) in the RFA group vs 10.6 months (95% CI 9.0 to 24.8), p=0.58)) in the control group. In the subgroup with pancreatic cancer, median survival was 6.4 months (95% CI 4.3 to 9.7) for the RFA vs 7.7 months (95% CI 5.6 to 11.3), p=0.73) for the control group. No benefit was seen in the RFA group with regard to stent patency (at 12 months 40% vs 36% in CCA and 66% vs 65% in PDAC), and quality of life was unchanged by either treatment and comparable between the groups. Adverse events occurred in seven patients in each groups.ConclusionA combination of endoluminal RFA and stenting was not superior to stenting alone in prolonging survival or improving stent patency in patients with malignant biliary obstruction.Trial registration numberNCT03166436.
Procedural education for cancer-related pain in Pain Medicine fellowships: a national program survey
Authors: Woodrow Alex , Teramoto Masaru , Thapliyal Mrinal , Christiansen Sandy 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionCancer-related pain is ubiquitous. Targeted procedural interventions may be an important and underutilized method for improving cancer-related pain and quality of life. The goal of this study was to determine the baseline educational experience and perceived post-graduation comfort of Pain Medicine fellows in performing procedures that can be used for cancer-related pain.MethodsUsing Qualtrics, a 16-question survey was distributed to graduating fellows at accredited Pain Medicine Fellowship programs in the USA in June 2022. The fellows’ experience and comfort level performing eight procedures was analyzed using summary descriptive statistics and contingency table analysis with statistical significance determined by Pearson’s χ2test.ResultsSurvey respondents represented 30% of fellows among 44% of Pain Medicine programs during the 2021–2022 academic year. The majority of respondents reported no experience performing 7 of the 8 procedures for cancer-related pain (56.1%–90.6%). Graduating fellows reported overall comfort performing sympathetic neurolysis (65.7%), spinal cord stimulator trials (85.7%) and implantations (66.0%), but not intrathecal pump trials (36.9%) and implantations (31.3%), peripheral nerve stimulator implantations (41.7%), vertebral augmentations (31.3%), and vertebral body radiofrequency ablations (16.7%).ConclusionsExperience performing 10 or more of the surveyed procedures, personal interest in treating cancer-related pain, and attendance of cancer-related pain lectures were found to significantly increase comfortability in performing cancer-related pain procedures post graduation, whereas cadaver-based learning did not. This study highlights the need for more robust procedural education for cancer-related pain and identifies procedural experience in non-cancer patients and lectures on cancer-related pain as ways to bridge this educational gap.
Artificial water-level fluctuation modulates trophic niches of benthic fish assemblages in one of the world's largest reservoirs
Authors: Liao Chuansong , Wang Jiacheng , Correa Sandra Bibiana , Yu Jixin , Yang Rui , Yuan Jing , Li Wei , Ye Shaowen , Guo Chuanbo , Liu Jiashou 
Published: August 2023

The impoundment of the Yangtze River and construction of the Three Gorges Dam and Reservoir created an unnatural flow regime with a 30 m water-level fluctuation and four artificial seasons that differ from the river's natural flow-regime timing. Using stable isotopes, we selected 15 common benthic fish species representing five trophic guilds to analyze seasonal variation in production sources, trophic niche width, and niche overlap. We hypothesized that, similarly to a natural flow regime, artificial hydrological seasons effectively influence fish trophic niches. We found consistency in seasonal shifts in the contribution of aquatic and terrestrial producers to fish biomass. δ13C and δ15N depicted seasonal changes in intra-guild trophic niche width and intra- and inter-guild niche overlap. Considering that the Three Gorges Reservoir's flow regime is artificially regulated, our findings suggest that water-level fluctuation is one of the key mechanisms driving such trophic shifts and allowing multiple species to coexist. Given the increased cascaded large reservoir construction and the concomitant creation of unnatural flow regimes in large rivers worldwide, these findings are timely. Our findings contribute to improving water-level management by optimizing rhythmicity while balancing flood control and fish protection.
Dilaton-induced open quantum dynamics
Authors: Käding Christian , Pitschmann Mario , Voith Caroline 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn modern cosmology, scalar fields with screening mechanisms are often used as explanations for phenomena like dark energy or dark matter. Amongst a zoo of models, the environment dependent dilaton, screened by the Polyakov–Damour mechanism, is one of the least constrained ones. Using recently developed path integral tools for directly computing reduced density matrices, we study the open quantum dynamics of a probe, modelled by another real scalar field, induced by interactions with an environment comprising fluctuations of a dilaton. As the leading effect, we extract a correction to the probe’s unitary evolution, which can be observed as a frequency shift. Assuming the scalar probe to roughly approximate a cold atom in matter wave interferometry, we show that comparing the predicted frequency shifts in two experimentally distinct setups has the potential to exclude large parts of the dilaton parameter space.
Flow of shear response functions in hyperscaling violating Lifshitz theories
Authors: Chattopadhyay Arghya , M Nihal , Mukherjee Debangshu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe study the flow equations of the shear response functions for hyperscaling violating Lifshitz (hvLif) theories, with Lifshitz and hyperscaling violating exponents z and $$\theta $$
θ
. Adapting the membrane paradigm approach of analysing response functions as developed by Iqbal and Liu, we focus specifically on the shear gravitational modes which now are coupled to the perturbations of the background gauge field. Restricting to the zero momenta sector, we make further simplistic assumptions regarding the hydrodynamic expansion of the perturbations. Analysing the flow equations shows that the shear viscosity at leading order saturates the Kovtun–Son–Starinets (KSS) bound of $$\frac{1}{4\pi }$$

1

4
π

. When $$z=d_i-\theta $$

z
=

d
i

-
θ

, ($$d_i$$

d
i

being the number of spatial dimension in the dual field theory) the first-order correction to shear viscosity exhibits logarithmic scaling, signalling the emergence of a scale in the UV regime for this class of hvLif theories. We further show that the response function associated to the gauge field perturbations diverge near the boundary when $$z>d_i+2-\theta $$

z
>

d
i

+
2
-
θ

. This provides a holographic understanding of the origin of such a constraint and further vindicates results obtained in previous works that were obtained through near horizon and quasinormal mode analysis.
Neuro-computing for third-grade nanomaterial flow under impacts of activation energy and mixed convection along rotating disk
Authors: Shoaib Muhammad , Zubair Ghania , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy , Raja Muhammad Asif Zahoor , Naz Iqra , Morsy Ahmed 
Published: August 2023

This paper examines the activation energy influence in third-grade nanoparticle flow model (TG-NPFM), which is nonlinear mixed convective flow over a spinning disk under the influence of heat sink/source as well as viscous dissipation by utilizing Bayesian Regulation Method with backpropagated Artificial Neural Networks (BRM-BPANN). Nonlinear thermal radiation is also involved in the considered flow dynamics to obtain the approximated numerical solutions. The nonlinear PDEs of TG-NPFM are then transformed into nonlinear ODEs by implementing the corresponding transformation. We solved these ODEs by Optimal Homotopy Analysis Method (OHAM) to explain the dataset used as a reference for BRM-BPANN for different scenarios of TG-NPFM. This reference dataset is then exported to MATLAB to compute the results. The outcomes of TG-NPFM are figured by adopting the procedures of testing, validation and training. Moreover, approximated solution is compared with standard solution and the efficacy examination of TG-NPFM is authenticated by the studies of MSE, error histogram and regression plots. These soft computation frameworks provide incentive to use an efficient and dependable alternative paradigm built on soft computing environments to solve problems by doing a descriptive analysis to mitigate the impacts of different physical features. It is a new implementation of intelligent computational system of artificial intelligence introduced by incorporating the solver BRM-BPANN for interpreting the TG-NPFM. The absolute error values lie between 10[Formula: see text] to 10[Formula: see text], 10[Formula: see text] to 10[Formula: see text], 10[Formula: see text] to 10[Formula: see text], 10[Formula: see text] to 10[Formula: see text], 10[Formula: see text] to 10[Formula: see text], 10[Formula: see text] to 10[Formula: see text], 10[Formula: see text] to 10[Formula: see text] and 10[Formula: see text] to 10[Formula: see text], which show the reliability and accuracy of the technique. The convergence and precision of the algorithm can easily be seen through the results of performance, training state and fitness plot, along with the regression value of [Formula: see text].
Similarity reductions and new exact solutions for (3+1)-dimensional B–B equation
Authors: Gaber Ahmed A. , Wazwaz Abdul-Majid , Mousa Mohamed M. 
Published: August 2023

The main objective of this investigation is to obtain new closed form solutions for the (3+1)-dimensional Bateman–Burgers equation (B–B equation) by the symmetry method and developed Exp-function method (DEFM). The symmetry method is utilized to infer the infinitesimal generators and build the commutation relations. The similarity reductions of the governing partial differential equations are obtained. The governing partial differential equations are reduced to different ordinary differential equations. The ordinary differential equations are solved by using DEFM. The solutions are analyzed numerically to show the behaviors of the solutions. Solution behaviors include the solitary wave solution, the singular wave solution, the kink wave solution, and the anti-kink wave solution.
Guidelines for Best Practice for Staffing of ART Laboratories and Professional Development of IVF Scientists
Authors: Lee Yee Shan Lisa , Catt Sally , Cooke Simon , Fisk Kylie , Mackenzie Jeanette , Mullen Jayne , Pohl Nyssa , Rabbitt Tim , Rutherford Taneeka , Tully Cathy 
Published: August 2023

Research Question: To establish recommendations for optimal staffing levels, training, and professional development in assisted reproductive technology (ART) laboratories in Australia and New Zealand. Design: Exploration by Scientists in Reproductive Technology (SIRT) subcommittee representing 10 different ART centers of the time requirements and complexity of ART procedures and to define training and continuing professional development (CPD) requirements. Results: The Staffing Model for ART (smART) “plug and play” calculator was developed by the SIRT subcommittee. Twelve routine procedures were examined IVF, ICSI, ICSI + PGT, ICSI + TESE, FET, FET from PGT, oocyte vitrification, oocyte warming, intrauterine insemination (IUI), semen freeze, TESE with semen freeze, and semen analysis. Based on a cycle with 10 eggs, the average time taken to do each procedure was considered as well as the complexity of the task. Laboratory quality control (QC), other administrative tasks, and leave days are reflected in the calculator. Recommendations for years of experience were determined as a trained scientist (24 months), a senior scientist (5 years), and Scientific Director (10 years). CPD is strongly recommended to improve the skills, knowledge, and ability of scientific staff. Conclusions: The risks in the IVF laboratory primarily associated with lower staffing levels have been reviewed, and the smART calculator is designed to assist clinics to tailor adequate staffing levels for their specific needs. The smART calculator is an invaluable tool for clinics to use going forward. Key Message We have reviewed the risks in the IVF laboratory primarily associated with lower staffing levels, and created the smART calculator designed to assist clinics in being able to tailor adequate staffing levels for their specific needs. We believe the smART calculator will be an invaluable tool moving forward for all ART clinics and accreditors.
Atezolizumab plus Magrolimab, Niraparib, or Tocilizumab versus Atezolizumab Monotherapy in Platinum-Refractory Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: A Phase Ib/II Open-Label, Multicenter, Randomized Umbrella Study (MORPHEUS Urothelial Carcinoma)
Authors: Drakaki Alexandra , Powles Thomas , Bamias Aristotelis , Martin-Liberal Juan , Shin Sang Joon , Friedlander Terence , Tosi Diego , Park Chandler , Gomez-Roca Carlos , Joly Lobbedez Florence , Castellano Daniel , Morales-Barrera Rafael , Moreno-Candilejo Irene , Fléchon Aude , Yuen Kobe , Rishipathak Deepali , DuPree Kelly , Young Fiona , Michielin Francesca , Shemesh Colby S. , Steinberg Elizabeth E. , Williams Patrick , Lee Jae Lyun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
The MORPHEUS platform was designed to identify early efficacy signals and evaluate the safety of novel immunotherapy combinations across cancer types. The phase Ib/II MORPHEUS-UC trial (NCT03869190) is evaluating atezolizumab plus magrolimab, niraparib, or tocilizumab in platinum-refractory locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC). Additional treatment combinations were evaluated and will be reported separately.

Patients and Methods:
Patients had locally advanced or mUC that progressed during or following treatment with a platinum-containing regimen. The primary efficacy endpoint was investigator-assessed objective response rate (ORR). Key secondary endpoints included investigator-assessed progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Safety and exploratory biomarker analyses were also conducted.

Results:
Seventy-six patients were randomized to receive either atezolizumab plus magrolimab (n = 16), atezolizumab plus niraparib (n = 15), atezolizumab plus tocilizumab (n = 15), or atezolizumab monotherapy (control; n = 30). No additive benefit in ORR, PFS, or OS was seen in the treatment arms versus the control. The best confirmed ORR was 26.7% with atezolizumab plus magrolimab, 6.7% with atezolizumab plus niraparib, 20.0% with atezolizumab plus tocilizumab, and 27.6% with atezolizumab monotherapy. Overall, the treatment combinations were tolerable, and adverse events were consistent with each agent's known safety profile. Trends were observed for shrinkage of programmed death-ligand 1–positive tumors (atezolizumab, atezolizumab plus magrolimab, atezolizumab plus tocilizumab), inflamed tumors, or tumors with high mutational burden (atezolizumab), and immune excluded tumors (atezolizumab plus magrolimab).

Conclusions:
The evaluated regimens in MORPHEUS-UC were tolerable. However, response rates for the combinations did not meet the criteria for further development in platinum-experienced locally advanced or mUC.
KEBERHASILAN OPERASI TRABEKULEKTOMI PADA GLAUKOMA SUDUT TERBUKA PRIMER PERIODE 2019-2021
Authors: Radilia Fasya , Rifada R. Maula , Kartiwa R. Angga 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Glaucoma represents a group of diseases defined by a characteristic optic neuropathy that is consistent with remodeling of the connective tissue elements of the optic nerve head and with loss of neural tissue associated with the eventual development of distinctive patterns of visual dysfunction. The most common surgery for glaucoma treatment is trabeculectomy, which in principle is done by creating a new channel that drains the aqueous humor, and return the intraocular pressure to normal levels.
Objective: This study aimed to know the success rate of trabeculectomy in primary open-angle glaucoma.
Methods: This study used a retrospective descriptive research method and was conducted in the Medical Records Center of the Cicendo National Eye Hospital, Bandung City with a data collection period of 21 July 2022 – 6 September 2022. The data collection process was carried out by looking at secondary data from medical records of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma for the period January 2019 – December 2021.
Results: Mean IOP decreased from 32.6±12.9 before surgery, to 19.8±10 one week after surgery, and 18.8±7.3 one month after surgery. The overall success rate reaches 82.1%.
Conclusions: The success rate for open-angle glaucoma treated with trabeculectomy at Cicendo National Eye hospital is considered good with a total success rate of 82.1% with or without anti-glaucoma medication to control IOP after surgery.