bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Postsurgical Outcomes of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation (CROSS) Versus Chemotherapy (FLOT) for Multimodal Treatment of Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus and the Esophagogastric Junction
Authors: Gebauer Florian , Plum Patrick S. , Damanakis Alexander , Chon Seung-Hun , Popp Felix , Zander Thomas , Quaas Alexander , Fuchs Hans , Schmidt Thomas , Schröder Wolfgang , Bruns Christiane J. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
The question of the ideal neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced esophagogastric adenocarcinoma has not been answered to date. Multimodal treatment has become a standard treatment for these adenocarcinomas. Currently, perioperative chemotherapy (FLOT) or neoadjuvant chemoradiation (CROSS) is recommended.

Methods
A monocentric retrospective analysis compared long-term survival after CROSS versus FLOT. The study enrolled patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus (EAC) or the esophagogastric junction type I or II undergoing oncologic Ivor–Lewis esophagectomy between January 2012 and December 2019. The primary objective was to determine the long-term outcome in terms of overall survival. The secondary objectives were to determine differences regarding the histopathologic categories after neoadjuvant treatment and the histomorphologic regression.

Results
The findings showed no survival advantage for one or the other treatment in this highly standardized cohort. All the patients underwent open (CROSS: 9.4% vs. FLOT: 22%), hybrid (CROSS: 82% vs. FLOT: 72%), or minimally invasive (CROSS: 8.9% vs. FLOT: 5.6%) thoracoabdominal esophagectomy. The median post-surgical follow-up period was 57.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 23.2–109.7 months), and the median survival was longer for the CROSS patients (54 months) than for the FLOT patients (37.2 months) (p = 0.053). The overall 5-years survival was 47% for the entire cohort (48% for the CROSS and 43% for the FLOT patients). The CROSS patients showed a better pathologic response and fewer advanced tumor stages.

Conclusion
The improved pathologic response after CROSS cannot be translated into longer overall survival. To date, the choice of which neoadjuvant treatment to use can be made only on the basis of clinical parameters and the patient’s performance status.
Treatment outcomes and time to healing of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw based on image findings
Authors: Yasui Takazumi , Nagamine Hiroki , Tanaka Kenta , Kimura Moemi , Karube Takeshi , Kawana Hiromasa , Onizawa Katsuhiro 
Published: May 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic treatment outcome of non-operative management of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ), particularly regarding the relationship between image findings and treatment outcomes. Methods: This single-center, retrospective observational study included patients with MRONJ who were conservatively treated between 2010 and 2020. All patients were evaluated in terms of MRONJ treatment outcomes, time to healing, and prognostic factors, including sex, age, underlying disease, antiresorptive drug type, discontinuation of antiresorptive treatment, chemotherapy, corticosteroid treatment, diabetes mellitus, location of MRONJ, clinical stage of MRONJ, and computed tomography image findings. Results: The complete healing rate among the patients was 68.5%. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that “Sequestrum formation” on the internal texture (hazard ratio = 3.66; 95% confidence interval, 1.30–10.29; P =.014) and chemotherapy (hazard ratio = 0.41; 95% confidence interval, 0.18–0.95; P =.037) were significantly associated with treatment outcome. The median time to healing in patients with “Sequestrum formation” on the internal texture (4.4 months) was significantly shorter than the median time to healing in those marked with “Sclerosis” or “Normal” (35.5 months; P <.001) and “Lytic changes with sclerosis” (14.5 months; P =.015). Conclusions: The image findings on the internal texture of the lesions at the initial examination and chemotherapy were associated with the treatment outcomes of nonoperative management of MRONJ. The image findings of “Sequestrum formation” were associated with lesions taking a short time to heal and better outcomes, whereas “Sclerosis” and “Normal” were associated with lesions with longer healing times.
Comparison of voiding vesicoureteral urosonography with fluoroscopic voiding cystourethrography in children with vesicoureteral reflux
Authors: Yang Bin , Wang Junping , Di Zhiyan , Zhao Shasha , Ma Yali , Qu Yanchao 
Published: May 2023

Objective: To evaluate the value and compliance rate of voiding vesicoureteral urosonography in pediatric vesicoureteral reflux (VUR).
Methods: This is a retrospective study. A total of 80 children with high-risk VUR admitted to Children’s Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from December 2018 to December 2020 were selected. All patients underwent voiding urosonography (VUS) and fluoroscopic voiding cystourethrography (VCUG). The sensitivity and compliance of voiding vesicoureteral urosonography were compared, and its application value was evaluated.
Results: A total of 160 PUUs were examined, and all cases were normal. Among them, 56 PUUs had reflux (35.00%, 56/160), 46 PUUs had reflux under both examination methods (28.75%, 46/160), and 10 PUUs were only detected under VUS (6.25%, 10/160). Thirty-four cases of VUR (42.50%, 34/80) were diagnosed by VUS, among which 15 cases were bilateral reflux and 4 cases were unilateral reflux. Twenty-five cases (35.00%, 25/80) were diagnosed by VCUG, among which 10 cases were bilateral regurgitation and five cases were unilateral regurgitation. No significant difference was observed in the detection rate of reflux between the two methods (P=0.432). A total of 146 PUUs were found to be consistent between the two methods (91.25%, 160), including 2 Grade-I reflux, 6 Grade-II reflux, 14 Grade-III reflux, 12 Grade-IV reflux, eight Grade-V reflux, and 104 without reflux, demonstrating SATISFACTORY consistency between the two groups (Kappa=0.885).
Conclusion: Voiding vesicoureteral urosonography has a high coincidence rate in the detection of vesicoureteral reflux in children.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.4.6665
How to cite this: Yang B, Wang J, Di Z, Zhao S, Ma Y, Qu Y. Comparison of voiding vesicoureteral urosonography with fluoroscopic voiding cystourethrography in children with vesicoureteral reflux. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.4.6665
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Comparative analysis of anesthesia and clinical efficacy of inhalation anesthesia and intravenous anesthesia in Trigeminal Nerve Balloon Avulsion
Authors: Zhang Zhong-jie , Cui Long-ji , Shen Lin , Ning Xian-bin 
Published: May 2023

Objective: To observe the anesthesia and clinical efficacy of inhalation anesthesia and intravenous anesthesia in patients with trigeminal neuralgia undergoing surgery.
Methods: This is a retrospective study. Eighty patients with trigeminal neuralgia admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University from July 2018 to July 2021 were selected and divided into two groups according to different anesthesia methods: inhalation group and intravenous group, with 40 cases in each group. Patients in the inhalation group were given inhalation anesthesia with sevoflurane, while those in the intravenous group were given intravenous anesthesia. Hemodynamics, intubation and extubation time, postoperative consciousness recovery, adverse reactions and clinical effects of surgery were compared between the two groups during anesthesia.
Results: During the induction of anesthesia, after induction and after surgery, the levels of hemodynamic parameters in the two groups increased compared with those before induction of anesthesia, and the increase in the inhalation group was smaller (P<0.05). Patients in the inhalation group had a long time from anesthesia to endotracheal intubation but had a short time from completion of surgery to intubation, which was statistically significant compared with the intravenous group (P<0.05). Compared with the intravenous group, the postoperative consciousness recovery time of the inhalation group was significantly shorter and the incidence of adverse reactions was significantly lower (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Inhalation anesthesia with sevoflurane is more effective than intravenous anesthesia in trigeminal neuralgia patients treated with trigeminal nerve balloon avulsion, boasting satisfactory safety, less impact on hemodynamics, and shorter recovery time of consciousness.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.4.6720
How to cite this: Zhang Z, Cui L, Shen L, Ning X. Comparative analysis of anesthesia and clinical efficacy of inhalation anesthesia and intravenous anesthesia in Trigeminal Nerve Balloon Avulsion. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.4.6720
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
What kind of therapeutic solutions for Graves’ disease does modern medicine propose? - a review of the literature
Authors: Woś Natalia , Szala-Czerwonka Karolina , Rejmer Adrian , Rojek Katarzyna , Bednarz Lucjan , Wijas Karolina , Bialic Kinga , Bakalarczyk Rafał , Bialic Artur , Majewski Paweł 
Published: May 2023

Background: Graves' disease is responsible for 60-80% causes of hyperthyreosis. An important role in the pathogenesis is played by anti-TSHR immunoglobulins (TRAb), that stimulate TSH receptors leading to excessive hormone synthesis and release by the gland.
The aim of the study: This study was designed to summarise the current state of knowledge on the diagnosis, pathogenesis and methods of treatment used for Graves' disease.
Materials and methods: We reviewed the literature available in the PubMed database using the following keywords: "Graves' disease", "Graves' pathogenesis", "Graves' diagnosis", "Graves' treatment”.
Results: Graves' disease develops as a result of as well genetic as environmental factors. The diagnosis is based on physical examination, and laboratory & imaging studies. Several therapeutic options are currently used. Pharmacotherapy with thyreostatics is used either as a stand-alone method or as a preparation for a radical treatment - radioactive iodine ablation and thyroidectomy, which is the surgical removal of the gland. The treatment form is recommended to be selected individually depending on each patient, indications and co-morbidities. Developing research into the etiology of the disease is an opportunity to develop newer and efficient methods of causal treatment.
Summary: Graves' disease is an autoimmune thyroid disorder with a multiple factor etiology. A variety of therapeutic approaches are currently used: treatment with antithyrodid drugs, radioactive iodine ablation and the surgical resection of the thyroid gland. A more detailed understanding of the mechanisms causing the development of the disease offers prospects for the creation of innovative and more efficient therapeutic modalities.
Legal Design as Means of Smart Regulation
Authors: Kozlova Marina 
Published: May 2023

The article is dedicated to the exploration of possibilities of using legal design for smart regulation. Smart regulation aimed at obtaining the maximum effect by minimal means is connected to using a range of instruments, one of which is nudging. The nudge theory is used in behavioral economics; it is suggested to consider the peculiarities of human thought and behavior bearing in mind that in most cases humans behave irrationally, they are led by emotions, cognitive bias, they tend to follow the majority. It is suggested to form the choice architecture in such a way that a human would prefer the most sensible option while not losing the freedom of choice. An important element in forming the choice architecture is the availability of information, which provides effective communication. Availability and completeness of information provided by plain language let people fully comprehend the consequences of their actions. It is proven that comprehensibility can be achieved through legal design of documents, which implies applying different means of simplification of form and content to a legal document (a contract, a judicial act, a normative legal act). The means of simplification of form are structurization, visualization, using tables, diagrams, readable font, while the means of simplification of content is plain language of a document.
Examples of requirements of the law to the structure and design of contracts that lead to financial obligations are listed in the article. The conclusion is drawn out that the means of legal design provide availability of information, which leads to using reflexive thinking, which implies realizing the consequences of one’s actions, making rational and informed decisions; all of it can be viewed as the aim of smart regulation.
Some Challenges of Defining the Legal Status of Publication Hashtagging on Social Networks
Authors: Starodubtseva Maria 
Published: May 2023

The article covers the study of the legal status of hashtagging. The relevance of the study is predetermined by the increased danger of mass control technologies applied to Russian youth through the Internet. The research methodology includes general methods of scientific research - analysis, synthesis, systemic, logical, as well as special methods, including comparative legal method. The method of comparative legal research allows us to highlight the main problems of hashtagging legal regulation. The study includes three main stages: (1) - analysis of the basic regulations in the area under study and identification of contradictions in legal regulation; (2) -analysis of the current situation as a practical matter of defining hashtagging as a phenomenon that is not relevant for legal reality; (3) – outlining the way to resolve the existing contradiction in the legislative regulation and practice.
The main challenge found is the ambiguity in defining the legal status of hashtags in isolation from the text of publications. As a result of the work done, the author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to improve the legislation aimed at regulating the legal status of hashtagging and to clarify this through the supreme judicial authorities.
Issues of Interpretation of the Special Part of the Criminal Law
Authors: Golenko Diana 
Published: May 2023

The article examines some issues of interpretation of the provisions of the Special Part of the Russian criminal law. Some debatable issues related to the subject of interpretation and the limits of the interpretation of the criminal law are outlined. It is indicated that the opinion about whether the judiciary can interpret the law, or only the legislator has such a right, is currently not popular. Most researchers believe that the judiciary has the right to interpret the criminal law. Attention is drawn to some types of interpretation. The issues of judicial interpretation of the Special Part of the Criminal Law are considered in more detail. Scientific works propose to consider two options for interpreting the criminal law: clarifications on a specific case and clarifications contained in the resolutions of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. The author comes to the conclusion that the resolutions on specific cases adopted by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation most often precede the interpretation that will be contained in the resolutions of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, they set the vector for understanding the law, contribute to uniformity in understanding the provisions of the Special Part of the Criminal Law. Some limits of judicial interpretation of the Special Part of Criminal Law are named. In the judicial interpretation of the provisions of the Special Part of the Criminal Law the structure of the corpus delicti must not be changed. Criminal law is most often established to be valid for a long time. In the event of a significant change in social relations, it is the legislator that must decide to amend the article, recognizing it as invalid, rather than the court must define as criminal some acts which are not stipulated as such by the legislator in the Special Part of the Criminal Law.
Actualization of the German Language Status in the Absence of the State Language Category in the German Legislation
Authors: Kozhevnikova Ekaterina 
Published: May 2023

This article addresses the issue of the representation of the German language status in legislative texts of the Federal Republic of Germany in the absence of the category «state language». The research methodology is based on the E. S. Kubryakova's understanding of the nominative aspect of the speech activity, who distinguishes two ways of designating objects: both through nomination and predication. The aim of this paper is to determine main functions of linguistic expressions, which regulate the role of the German language in legislation (nomination and / or predication), and language means of their representation. Research objectives: 1) to make a selection of fragments of normative legal acts on the federal level related to language legislation; 2) to select the nominations and / or predications used to actualize the leading role of the German language; 3) to study the structure of selected nominations and / or predications. The material of this paper is presented by excerpts from the Fiscal code, Authentication law, Court constitution law, Law on the protection of brands and other marks, Law on alternative dispute resolution in consumer matters, Law on the residence, employment and integration of foreigners in Germany, Law on the supervision of insurance companies, Trading law, Disability equality act, Commercial Code. In the theoretical part of the work, definitions of the categories «state language», «official language», «nomination» and «predication» are presented. The practical part of the paper addresses the analysis of excerpts from federal legislation. In conclusion, the results of the issue are presented: the leading role of the German language in the legislation of the Federal Republic of Germany is updated through nominations and predications; nominations are represented both by separate compound words and by sequences of words syntactically related to each other; predications are represented by semantic verbs in the form Präsens Indikativ (in conditional clauses) as well as several types of modal constructions.
The Judge Figure in the Works of V. M. Shukshin
Authors: Skorev Vasily 
Published: May 2023

The article examines a number of works by V. M. Shukshin, in which certain legal conflicts appear, and a judge is present to resolve them. The purpose of the study is to identify domestic traditions of justice, judicial institutions, the judge figure as features of a holistic worldview of a person, typical of national and legal culture and, therefore, necessary. Based on the analysis, the author concludes that there is a problem of little-studied and insufficient presentation of the true-to-life figure of judge in modern Russian literature; attention is drawn to the phenomenon under study.
Indecent Form of Trade Names
Authors: Akinina Anastasiya 
Published: May 2023

The article concentrates on the consideration of the term "indecent form" referring to to linguistic expertise of trade names. There is no interpretation of the concept of "contradiction to public interests, principles of humanity and moral" in the Russian legal system, although in both international and Russian law affecting the protection of intellectual property (and trade names in particular), this concept is enshrined and works as one of the grounds for refusal of state registration of a trademark/service mark. The article proposes to include the notion of contradiction to public interests, principles of humanity and morality into the scope of concept of "indecent form" recognized in legal linguistic practice when solving practical issues of intellectual property expertise (in particular, the linguistic part of such expertise).
The Procedure of Determining Degree of Similarity between Оbjects in Linguistic Examination
Authors: Krassa Sergey 
Published: May 2023

The article describes the research procedures for determining the degree of similarity between the objects of linguistic examination. The procedure is based on the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods and the use of computer tools. The main objective of this study is to describe ways of obtaining the most reliable results, which can be verified. For carrying out of research three sets are allocated: initial object, object compared with initial, and object-construct, which includes the characteristics common for the compared sets. The objects may be interrogation protocols, texts checked for plagiarism, trademark names, newspaper publications and other. Qualitative procedures imply singling out characteristics describing objects, while quantitative procedures allow normalization of parameters identified in the objects. The extraction of characteristics is carried out by expertise, relying on the classifications accepted in linguistics. The analysis of texts with identical content is carried out by selecting identical fragments and estimating their volumes. The analysis of the similarity of trademarks is carried out on the basis of phonetic, graphic, semantic and associative parameters. The analysis of texts for possible authorship is carried out with the help of lexical, morphological and syntactic data. On the basis of the obtained numerical indicators, similarity coefficients are calculated. Characteristics that involve a selection of a yes/no answer are marked with 1 for a positive answer and zero for a negative one. Characteristics that have a numerical expression are compared using correlation coefficients and are recognized as identical when the value is 0.7 or higher. Numeric analytical procedures are generally based on the use of computer services. The numeric data obtained are represented by the coefficients of Jaccard, Sørensen, Kulczynski and Ochiai.
Speech Torts in the Context of Modern Realities
Authors: Alymova Ekaterina 
Published: May 2023

The article discusses a number of problems related to the interpretation and application of certain types of speech torts. In particular, the author's opinion is given on the interpretation of the concept of "another form that contradicts the norms of morality and ethics", on the differentiation between opinions and statements as parts of publications in Internet blogs. The author expresses the opinion on the necessity of taking into account the context of publication placement when determining the intention of the author of a controversial text, gives examples from personal work experience, and also emphasizes the need of unifying linguistic knowledge to eliminate existing discrepancies in the interpretation of the concepts used. The paper provides examples from the author's personal experience as a forensic linguist.