bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Button Battery Ingestions cause the Majority of Severe Complications
Authors: Kiefer Alexander , Duppel Uta , Schützenmeier Alexander , Lang Thomas , Kittel Jochen , Kabesch Michael , Kerzel Sebastian 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background Foreign body ingestion in children is a clinically important
reason for presentation to the emergency department. The individual outcome
ranges from benign spontaneous courses to severe complications. Fatal outcomes
occur rarely and complications are related to patient’s age as well as
type and location of the foreign body. The aim of our present study was to
evaluate the outcome of children and adolescents with foreign body ingestion
with a focus on complications, which mainly occurred after button battery
ingestion.
Methods We reviewed medical records of patients between 0 and 18 years of
age who had presented to the paediatric emergency department of our hospital
with suspected foreign body ingestion between January 2011 and March 2021 (123
months). Clinical, imaging, and endoscopic data as well as treatment modalities
were analysed.
Results In the ten10 year period under review, a total of 1,162 children
and adolescents (6 months – 18 years) presented to our emergency room
with suspected foreign body ingestion. Among those, 398 ingestions (34%)
could be verified radiologically and/or endoscopically, while in the
remaining 764 cases (66%) the suspicion could not be confirmed. The
majority of patients with verified ingestion (n=324; 81%)
presented with ingestion of a metallic foreign body. We observed 55 cases with
verified ingestion of a button battery. Five of these cases had severe
complications, with a near-fatal course in two patients who developed an
oesophageal-tracheal fistula.
Conclusion In contrast to all other ingestions of foreign bodies in
children, button battery ingestions lead to mucosal damage and severe
complications in a significant number of children.
Behandlungsoutcome von Maßregelpatient:innen mit
Migrationshintergrund. Analyse bayerischer Daten zur Qualitätserfassung
von 2010 bis 2019
Authors: Lutz Maximilian , Querengässer Jan , Bezzel Adelheid , Schlögl Christian , Streb Judith , Dudeck Manuela 
Published: February 2023

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Untersuchung des Zusammenhangs zwischen
Migrationshintergrund von Patient:innen und dem erfolgreichen Abschluss der
Maßregelbehandlung hinsichtlich Unterbringungsdauer und Entlassmodus
Methodik Auf Basis der Ergebnisqualitätserfassung des bayerischen
IFQM von 2010–2019 wurden mittels paarweiser Zuordnung Migrant:innen und
Nicht-Migrant:innen verglichen, die hinsichtlich folgender Variablen
übereinstimmen: Alter, Geschlecht, Hauptdiagnose und Indexdelikt
Ergebnisse In der Gruppe der Patient:innen, die gemäß
§ 63 StGB untergebracht waren, zeigten sich keine signifikanten
Unterschiede zwischen Migrant:innen und Nicht-Migrant:innen. In der Gruppe der
Patient:innen, die gemäß § 64 StGB untergebracht waren,
zeigten sich für Migrant:innen sowohl häufiger
Behandlungsabbrüche als auch eine tendenziell signifikant
kürzere Unterbringungsdauer bis zum Abbruch.
Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass die Unterbringung
gemäß § 64 StGB für Migrant:innen weniger
erfolgreich ausfällt.
Control of Thyroid Dysfunction in Spanish Population Registered in
the Primary Care Clinical Database: An Analysis of the Proportion of Patients
with Thyrotropin Values Outside the Reference Range
Authors: Díez Juan J. , Iglesias Pedro 
Published: February 2023

AbstractInadequate control of thyroid dysfunction is common and has deleterious health
consequences. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of TSH values
outside the reference range, as an indicator of inadequate control of
hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in patients undergoing treatment for thyroid
dysfunction in Spain. An observational, retrospective, non-interventional study
was conducted using the Primary Care Clinical Database (BDCAP). Patients treated
with thyroid hormone for hypothyroidism and with antithyroid drugs for
hyperthyroidism were identified. We assessed serum TSH concentration,
considering values from 0.4 to 4.0 mU/l as the reference interval. We
found 360 313 people with hypothyroidism on thyroid hormone replacement and 9239
with hyperthyroidism on antithyroid drugs therapy. TSH values outside the
reference range in hypothyroid subject were detected in 126 866 (35.20%)
people, of whom 107 205 (29.75%) had TSH>4.0 mU/l,
suggesting inappropriately low doses of levothyroxine, and 19 661
(5.46%) had TSH<0.4 mU/l, suggesting inappropriate over
replacement. In the hyperthyroid group, TSH values outside the reference range
were observed in 4252 (46.02%) patients. There were 2833
(30.66%) patients with TSH<0.4 mU/l, suggesting
undertreatment, and 1419 (15.36%) with TSH>4.0 mU/l,
suggesting overtreatment with antithyroid medication. People over 65 years of
age had a lower frequency of undertreatment of hypothyroidism and a lower
frequency of overtreatment and undertreatment of hyperthyroidism. In conclusion,
our results suggest that inadequate control of thyroid dysfunction, due to its
high frequency and its consequences for health, is a public health problem that
should be addressed by clinicians and health authorities.
Ligand-Promoted Rosenmund–von Braun Reaction
Authors: Ma Dawei , Zhang Quan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTwo picolinamide ligands were found to have significant accelerating effect to classical Rosenmund–von Braun reaction, making the coupling of (hetero)aryl bromides with CuCN occur at 100–120 °C with good to excellent yields in most cases. A large number of functional groups and heterocycles were tolerated under these conditions, thereby providing a convenient and reliable approach for diverse synthesis of aryl nitriles.
Bioinspired Total Syntheses of Gymnothelignans
Authors: Li Huilin , She Xuegong , Hong Xiaoling , Chen Peng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSince 2012, Xu and Zhou have reported the isolation of a series of gymnotheligans, a large group of novel tetrahydrofuran-containing lignan natural products. In the past decade, considerable achievements in the total syntheses of these lignans have been achieved based on a plausible biogenetic pathway proposed by our group in 2014. In this account, we summarize these remarkable synthetic works of the past ten years.1	Introduction2	Biogenetic Pathways to Gymnothelignans3	Total Syntheses of Eupodienones4	Total Syntheses of Eupomatilones5	Total Synthesis of Dibenzocyclooctenes6	Conclusions
Dark money, US security guarantees and the twisting of allied arms
Authors: Banka Andris 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHow can powerful states best extract domestic concessions from their junior allies? What are the conditions under which the powerful state is more likely to succeed in inducing such domestic policy change? This article explores the link between US security commitments and Washington’s ability to attain favourable policy outcomes within the allied domestic arena. It provides an illustrative case of how the USA, using security guarantees as leverage, can enter allied domestic space and shape its decision-making process. After it was revealed that Latvia had served as a key node through which North Korea attempted to evade the sanctions regime, the USA, by playing its security guarantor card, pressured Riga to carry out substantial policy reforms in relation to its financial system. This approach yielded considerable results. In order to preserve the existing security arrangements with the dominant alliance member, Latvia offered significant policy concessions. This finding demonstrates that US security alliances come with side benefits that are often underrated or neglected in the scholarly literature.
Fragmentation dynamics of tetrachloromethane molecule induced by highly charged Ar7+-ion impact
Authors: Das Nirmallya , De Sankar , Bhatt Pragya , Safvan C. P. , Majumdar Abhijit 
Published: February 2023

The ion impact multiple ionization and subsequent dissociation of CCl4 is studied using a beam of Ar7+ ion having the energy of about 1 MeV in a linear time- of-flight mass spectrometer, coupled with a position-sensitive detector. The complete, as well as incomplete Coulomb explosion pathways, for CCl42+ and CCl43+ ions are identified and studied. The kinetic energy release distributions of channels, kinetic energies, and momentum distributions of fragmented ions, as well as neutrals, are also calculated. Possible modes of fragmentation pathways, i.e., concerted and/or sequential, for all the identified channels are studied using Newton diagrams, Dalitz plots, and kinetic energy distributions. The dynamical information and fragmentation pathways were analyzed with the Dalitz plot and Newton diagram for the three-body dissociation channel. The nature of the fragmentation process is further investigated with simulated Dalitz plots and Newton diagrams using the simple classical mechanical model.
MCL-1 promiscuity and the structural resilience of its binding partners
Authors: Heckmeier Philipp J. , Ruf Jeannette , Janković Brankica G. , Hamm Peter 
Published: February 2023

The allosteric protein MCL-1 and its natural inhibitors, the BH3-only proteins PUMA, BIM, and NOXA regulate apoptosis by interacting promiscuously within an entangled binding network. Little is known about the transient processes and dynamic conformational fluctuations that are the basis for the formation and stability of the MCL-1/BH3-only complex. In this study, we designed photoswitchable versions of MCL-1/PUMA and MCL-1/NOXA, and investigated the protein response after an ultrafast photo-perturbation with transient infrared spectroscopy. We observed partial α-helical unfolding in all cases, albeit on strongly varying timescales (1.6 ns for PUMA, 9.7 ns for the previously studied BIM, and 85 ns for NOXA). These differences are interpreted as a BH3-only-specific “structural resilience” to defy the perturbation while remaining in MCL-1’s binding pocket. Thus, the presented insights could help to better understand the differences between PUMA, BIM, and NOXA, the promiscuity of MCL-1, in general, and the role of the proteins in the apoptotic network.
Small molecules disaggregate alpha-synuclein and prevent seeding from patient brain-derived fibrils
Authors: Murray Kevin A. , Hu Carolyn J. , Pan Hope , Lu Jiahui , Abskharon Romany , Bowler Jeannette T. , Rosenberg Gregory M. , Williams Christopher K. , Elezi Gazmend , Balbirnie Melinda , Faull Kym F. , Vinters Harry V. , Seidler Paul M. , Eisenberg David S. 
Published: February 2023

The amyloid aggregation of alpha-synuclein within the brain is associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and other related synucleinopathies, including multiple system atrophy (MSA). Alpha-synuclein aggregates are a major therapeutic target for treatment of these diseases. We identify two small molecules capable of disassembling preformed alpha-synuclein fibrils. The compounds, termed CNS-11 and CNS-11g, disaggregate recombinant alpha-synuclein fibrils in vitro, prevent the intracellular seeded aggregation of alpha-synuclein fibrils, and mitigate alpha-synuclein fibril cytotoxicity in neuronal cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that both compounds disassemble fibrils extracted from MSA patient brains and prevent their intracellular seeding. They also reduce in vivo alpha-synuclein aggregates in
C. elegans
. Both compounds also penetrate brain tissue in mice. A molecular dynamics–based computational model suggests the compounds may exert their disaggregating effects on the N terminus of the fibril core. These compounds appear to be promising therapeutic leads for targeting alpha-synuclein for the treatment of synucleinopathies.
Enhancing the mechanical properties of coarse-grained cemented carbides by tailoring microstructure
Authors: Yu Songbai , Zhang Jianfeng , Tong Jing , Min Fanlu , Zhang Hailong , Ma Jichang , Wang Congxu , Zhao Kui 
Published: February 2023

In this study, ultrafine WC@10Co powders were used for the fabrication of coarse-grained WC-10Co with almost full densification. The incorporation of WC@10Co resulted in a decreasing size of WC grain with a rounded shape, the mean free path of Co and the WC contiguity. Further, substantial Co with face-centered cubic structure dispersed uniformly in the cemented carbides with WC@10Co-contained intergranular fracture accompanied by a large number of plastic deformation tears of the Co phase at the fracture surface and crack bridges at the crack tip. Therefore, the hardness, fracture toughness and bending strength of cemented carbides with WC@10Co reached the highest levels of 1045.3 kgf m−2, 23.6 MPa·m1/2 and 2308 MPa, respectively. HIGHLIGHTS The ultrafine WC@10Co contracted size distribution of WC grain with a rounded shape. The uniformly dispersed Co with a high content of FCC structure was obtained. The as-obtained coarse-grained cemented carbides showed enhanced mechanical properties
Balance functions and primitive reflexes in dyslexic children
Authors: Hazzaa Nagwa , Shalaby Amany , Hassanein Sahar , Khattab Ahmed , Metwally Nancy , Naeem Fathy 
Published: February 2023

Background
Dyslexia is considered a neurodevelopmental disorder accordingly; investigating primitive reflexes – which considered as indicator for neuromotor maturation – possibly be of clinical value for evaluating dyslexic children.

Objectives
To assess balance functions and primitive reflexes in dyslexic children.

Material and methods
The study was conducted on 60 children divided into two groups. Control group consists of 20 normal children and study group consists of 40 children with dyslexia (diagnosed by Arabic Reading Screening test (ARST) and Modified Arabic Dyslexia Screening Test (MADST). Both study and control groups aged from 6 6/12 to 9 years old. They were subjected to clinical diagnostic tests for primitive reflexes and balance function tests (office tests, computerized dynamic posturography (CDP), sensory organization test (SOT)).

Results
Dyslexic children have poorer balance functions compared to control group. Sixty seven percent of the study group has retained primitive reflexes.

Conclusions
Dyslexic children have poorer balance functions in challenging situations and have retained primitive reflexes indicating delayed neural maturation. Dyslexia is a medical complex that needs assessment and management of balance functions and primitive reflexes for better quality of life.
The impact of

f(G,T)

gravity on the evolution of cavity in the cluster of stars
Authors: Manzoor Rubab , Awais Sadiq M , Hussain Imdad 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper investigates the evolution of cavities for the cluster of stars in the context of extended Gauss–Bonnet gravity. We assume a spherically symmetric geometry along with locally anisotropic fluid distribution. It is assumed that the proper radial distance among neighboring stellar components stays unchanged during purely areal evolution stage. We provide some analytical solutions by using general formulism in

f
(

G

,
T
)

gravitation theory. The thick-shells cavities at one or both boundary surfaces are found to satisfy the Darmois conditions. Moreover, we also investigate the physical behavior of cavity models by considering the stellar

4
U
1820
−
30

,

PSR

J
0740
+
6620

and

PSR

J
0348
+
0432

. We conclude that the dark matter has a strong impact on the evolution of cavities in the cluster of stars.
The role of low-energy electrons in the charging process of LISA test masses
Authors: Taioli Simone , Dapor Maurizio , Dimiccoli Francesco , Fabi Michele , Ferroni Valerio , Grimani Catia , Villani Mattia , Weber William Joseph 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The estimate of the total electron yield is fundamental for our understanding of the test-mass charging associated with cosmic rays in the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) Pathfinder mission and in the forthcoming gravitational wave observatory LISA. To unveil the role of low energy electrons in this process owing to galactic and solar energetic particle events, in this work we study the interaction of keV and sub-keV electrons with a gold slab using a mixed Monte Carlo (MC) and ab-initio framework. We determine the energy spectrum of the electrons emerging from such a gold slab hit by a primary electron beam by considering the relevant energy loss mechanisms as well as the elastic scattering events. We also show that our results are consistent with experimental data and MC simulations carried out with the GEANT4-DNA toolkit.
Two-photon absorption dynamics by a rectangular entangled-photon pulse with time delay
Authors: Oka Hisaki 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We theoretically analyze the transient dynamics in two-photon absorption (TPA) driven by a rectangular pulse consisting of entangled photons with time delay in terms of verifying the quantum virtual-state spectroscopy (VSS) method. We consider two types of three-level atomic systems: one is the atomic system having an intermediate state between ground and excited states, considered in common TPA, and another is the atomic system having an intermediate state above the excited state, assumed in the original VSS theory. We show that for common TPA configuration VSS does not occur at all, whereas for the original VSS configuration VSS-like signals can be obtained regardless of whether the incident photons are entangled or not, where photon entanglement simply contributes to the enhancement of the signal. In addition, by introducing frequency cutoff to the spectrum of incident photons, we also show that the VSS-like signal disappears even for the original VSS configuration when the intermediate state is completely virtually excited. Thus, the obtained results suggest that both the broad spectrum of incident photons causing the real excitation of intermediate state and energy configuration of intermediate state above the excited state are essential for VSS-like signals and that VSS in itself does not occur in a strict sense at least. The effect of unphysical parameters appearing in the original VSS scheme, recently theoretically predicted, is also discussed.
Calibration of strapdown magnetic vector measurement systems based on a plane compression method
Authors: Li Supeng , Cheng Defu , Wang Yi , Zhao Jing 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The strapdown magnetic vector measurement system, which can measure the magnetic vector and the attitude of a magnetometer simultaneously, has wide applications in geophysical prospecting, etc. Calibration of systematic errors, including magnetometer errors and misalignment errors, is essential for this system. Traditional methods calibrate these two errors separately, with the problem of cumbersome steps and being dependent on special data acquisition methods, such as rotation. An original method that combines a plane compression method with an ellipsoid fitting method is proposed in this paper, which can simultaneously complete the calibration calculation of magnetometer error and misalignment error in one experiment. The calculation can be performed using the spatial scatter point data required by the traditional attitude-independent magnetometer calibration method, and no additional mechanical equipment is required. A mathematical analysis of this method is performed to study the elements decreasing the measurement accuracy of the system, and numerical simulation and field experiments are performed to validate the analysis. The results indicate that the method can contribute to the accuracy improvement of magnetic vector measurement systems.
Demystifying data evaluation in the measurement of periodic structures
Authors: Nečas D , Yacoot A , Valtr M , Klapetek P 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Periodic structures are often found in various areas of nanoscience and nanotechnology with many of them being used for metrological purposes either to calibrate instruments, or forming the basis of measuring devices such as encoders. Evaluating the period of one or two-dimensional periodic structures from topography measurements, e.g. performed using scanning probe microscopy, can be achieved using different methodologies with many grating evaluation methods having been proposed in the past and applied to a handful of examples. The optimum methodology for determining the grating period/pitch is not immediately obvious. This paper reports the results of extensive large-scale simulations and analysis to evaluate the performance of both direct and Fourier space data processing methods. Many thousands of simulations have been performed on a variety of different gratings under different measurement conditions and including the simulation of defects encountered in real life situations. The paper concludes with a summary of the merits and disadvantages of the methods together with practical recommendations for the measurements of periodic structures and for developing algorithms for processing them.
Fault diagnosis of driving gear in rack and pinion drives based on multi-scale local binary pattern extraction and sparse representation
Authors: Yuan Hang , Lei Zhenxing , You Xianglong , Dong Zhe , Zhang Huijuan , Zhang Chi , Zhao Yubin , Liu Jianjuan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Rack and pinion drives (RPDs) are key components of battery-swapping systems (BSSs) used in electric heavy trucks; the faults occurring in these drives reduce the efficiency, accuracy, quality of battery swapping, and even pose potential safety risks. The operating conditions of RPD driving gear in BSSs are characterized by speed fluctuations, relatively low speeds, and reciprocating motion. To assess the driving gear fault characteristics under these conditions, based on the solution of image recognition under complex and low illumination conditions, this study proposes a fault diagnosis framework that includes adaptive down-sampling, three-dimensional acceleration data fusion, multi-scale local binary pattern (MS-LBP) extraction, and sparse representation. First, adaptive down-sampling is used to smooth out the speed fluctuation. Subsequently, MS-LBP extraction is employed to obtain efficient fault features at low speed. Finally, dictionary learning and sparse representations are conducted on the MS-LBP features. The effectiveness and advantages of the proposed diagnosis approach are demonstrated using monitoring data acquired from a BSS. Moreover, comparative studies demonstrate that the proposed fault diagnosis method yields improved performance.
Innovative sensor for refractive index monitoring based on a plastic optical fiber side-polished in a ‘V’-bent structure
Authors: Wang Jinyu , Sun Guodong , Ning Yanong , Li Zhen , Zhao Lin , Wang Jiqiang , Liu Tongyu , Zhang Wei , Dong Guofeng , Grattan Kenneth T V 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
An innovative probe design, based on plastic optical fiber (POF) which has been designed around a side-polished fiber, bent into a ‘V’ shape, is reported. Such a probe offers an innovative approach to monitoring of the surrounding refractive index (RI) of the material under study. The underlying principle is that such a side-polished optical fiber configured in this way can give rise to an enhanced evanescent field. This structure, with the optical fiber slot, was used to fix the side-polished POF. As a result, the POF probe created this way has been optimized using different intersection angles, circular chamfer radius and different polished depths. The maximum sensitivity achieved with the use of this probe reaches 206.4 dB/refractive index unit over the range of RI from 1.33 to 1.40. In the design, the half intersection angle, the circular chamfer radius and the polished depth were set to 30°, 1.12 mm and 194.6 μm, respectively. Such a probe based on inexpensive POF has significant potential for a variety of low-cost, RI sensing applications.