bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enlarged Intracranial Translucency, as a Potential Marker for Diagnosis of Joubert Syndrome during First-Trimester Screening: A Case Report
Authors: Verma Heena , Patel B I. , Patel Nisha S. , Patel Saumil B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractJoubert syndrome (JS) is a rare autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder that is usually diagnosed late in pregnancy or postnatally based on a pathognomonic midbrain–hindbrain malformation seen on magnetic resonance imaging brain, which consists of the hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis, thickened superior cerebellar peduncles, and a deepened interpeduncular fossa described as molar tooth sign. The recurrence rate of JS in the same family is high (25%). In the era of first-trimester anomaly scan, early diagnosis of fetal anomaly is of utmost importance. First-trimester screening or first-trimester scan that is performed from 11 to 13 weeks, 6 days plays an important role in early diagnosis of posterior fossa abnormalities like Blake's pouch cyst, Vermian hypoplasia, Dandy-Walker malformation, and JS and related disorders based on increased intracranial translucency thickness. Our case also shows that early diagnosis of JS can be done by an enlarged intracranial translucency.
Subject agreement in control and modal constructions in Russian Sign Language
Authors: Khristoforova Evgeniia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe present research combines three fields of inquiry in sign language linguistics: verbal agreement, person features, and syntactic complexity. These topics have previously been addressed in isolation, but little is known about their interaction. This study attempts to fill this gap by investigating subject agreement in complement clauses in Russian Sign Language. By means of corpus investigation and grammaticality judgments, I found that subject agreement in clausal complements of the control predicatestry, love, want, begin, and modalcanmay be deficient – in particular, it can be reduced to the forms identical to first-person marking even in the case of a third-person subject controller. Deficient subject agreement in complement clauses is thus reminiscent of non-finite verbal forms in spoken languages. I further argue that the choice of first-person forms in deficient agreement reveals a default status of first person in sign languages, which is consistent with proposals regarding the modality-specific properties of first-person reference in these languages.
Exploring the Case Running as a Tool for Social Inclusion and Community Change in Cairo, Egypt
Authors: Elmahdy Yasmine M. , Sarhan Mahmoud , Elmahdy Amr 
Published: May 2023

Introduction
This case study sheds light on the growing interest and community participation in recreational running in Cairo, the Capital of Egypt. It highlights the contribution of running groups in promoting social inclusion and fostering community change.
In this case study, students can learn about terms such as social inclusion and community change and how they are linked to sports and recreation. Students will also learn about the role of running groups in encouraging community participation in running, especially in less developed countries. Moreover, they will learn about the power of sports such as running in providing an entry point for the participation of women in leisure activities and creating opportunities for socially excluded individuals to be involved in society. The case study also explains how participation in running events promotes interaction and dialogue within the community and the exchange of ideas and experiences.

As introductory exercises, to become familiar with the subject, students can:

Through online research, learn about running in urban areas and streets in less developed countries, including Egypt. This includes exploring the current situation, opportunities, and challenges.

Explore the impact and contribution of running on improving social inclusion and community change.
Large-scale surface hopping simulation of charge transport in hexagonal molecular crystals: role of electronic coupling signs
Authors: Wang Zirui , Dong Jiawei , Wang Linjun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In large-scale surface hopping simulations with a huge number of electronic states, trivial crossings could easily lead to incorrect long-range charge transfer and induce large numerical errors. We here study the charge transport in two-dimensional hexagonal molecular crystals with a parameter-free full crossing corrected global flux surface hopping method. Fast time-step size convergence and system size independence have been realized in large systems containing thousands of molecular sites. In hexagonal systems, each molecular site has six nearest neighbours. We find that the signs of their electronic couplings have a strong impact on the charge mobility and delocalization strength. In particular, changing the signs of electronic couplings can even lead to a transition from hopping to band-like transport. In comparison, such phenomena cannot be observed in extensively studied two-dimensional square systems. This is attributed to symmetry of the electronic Hamiltonian and distribution of the energy levels. Due to its high performance, the proposed approach is promising to be applied to more realistic and complex systems for molecular design.
An efficient lightweight neural network using BiLSTM-SCN-CBAM with PCA-ICEEMDAN for diagnosing rolling bearing faults
Authors: You Keshun , Qiu Guangqi , Gu Yingkui 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study proposes an efficient rolling bearing fault diagnosis model of a hybrid neural network with a lightweight attention mechanism. Firstly, to achieve the low complexity of deep learning (DL) computation, data reduction and denoising are performed by sparse convolutional network (principal component analysis and improved complete ensemble empirical modal decomposition of adaptive noise), then processed data is imported to the hybrid neural network model with convolutional block attention module. The bi-directional long short-term memory and sparse convolutional networks are used in the backbone of the model. A lightweight, generalized attention mechanism is introduced to the last layer of the model for enhancing feature learning, which can further improve the diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. Compared with existing DL fault diagnosis models, In simulating the most realistic cross-conditions and cross-platform conditions, which leads to the random nature of fault generation and makes model diagnosis more complex, the proposed method still maintains less running time and excellent diagnostic accuracy. Finally, the experimental results fully prove that the model has reliable robust and efficient, and it achieves the best balance of diagnostic accuracy and diagnostic efficiency of the hybrid DL model.
Continuous estimation of kinetic variables while walking using an accelerometer and artificial neural networks
Authors: Mantashloo Zahed , Abbasi Ali , Tazji Mehdi Khaleghi , Pedram Mir Mohsen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Measuring the gait variables outside the laboratory is so important because they can be used to analyze walking in the long run and during real life situations. Wearable sensors like accelerometer show high potential in these applications. So, the aim of this study was continuous estimation of kinetic variables while walking using an accelerometer and artificial neural networks (ANNs). Seventy-three subjects (26 women and 47 men) voluntarily participated in this study. The subjects walked at the slow, moderate, and fast speeds on a walkway which covered with 10 Vicon camera. Acceleration was used as input for a feedforward neural networks to predict the lower limb moments (in sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes), power, and ground reaction force (GRF) (in medial-lateral, anterior-posterior, and vertical directions) during walking. Normalized root mean square error (nRMSE), and Pearson correlation coefficient (r) were computed between the measured and predicted variables. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) was used to compare the measured and predicted variables. The results of this study showed approximately r values of 91–99 and nRMSE values of 4%–15% for GRF, power, and moment between the measured and predicted data. The SPM showed no significant difference between the measured and predicted variables in throughout stance phase. This work has shown the potential of predicting kinetic variables (GRF, moment, and power) in various speeds of walking using the accelerometer. The proposed estimation procedure utilizing a mixture of biomechanics and ANNs can be utilized to solve the tradeoff between richness of data and ease of measuring inherent in wearable sensors.
Bearing failure diagnosis at time-varying speed based on adaptive clustered fractional Gabor transform
Authors: Liu Fei , Shang Zhiwu , Gao Maosheng , Li Wanxiang , Pan Cailu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
For bearing fault diagnosis at time-varying speed with tachometer-free and non-resampling, the crucial process is to obtain a high-resolution time-frequency representation and extract fault features. However, current multi-component non-stationary signal feature extraction methods based on time-frequency transform suffer from fixed parameter settings and insufficient resolution for low signal-to-noise ratio signals. To address these issues, a novel adaptive clustered fractional Gabor transform is proposed and applied to extract bearing fault features at time-varying speed. Firstly, the grey wolf optimization is utilized to adaptively search for the optimal fractional order and Gauss window length based on the maximum spectral kurtosis and the generalized time-bandwidth product to achieve the most adequate fractional Gabor spectrum (FrGS). Then, the Clustering by Fast Search and Find of Density Peaks algorithm reconstructs the sparse representation of the FrGS, remapping multi-component signals into single-component clusters. Bearing fault diagnosis is achieved by matching the relative order of each cluster with the bearing fault characteristic coefficients. Simulation signals validate the superiority of the feature extraction method, and experimental signals validate the feasibility of the bearing fault diagnosis method.
Pulse length dependence of a reactive high power impulse magnetron (HiPIMS) discharge
Authors: Hippler R , Cada M , Mutzke A , Hubicka Z 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The pulse length dependence of a reactive high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) discharge with a tungsten cathode in an argon+oxygen gas mixture gas was investigated. The HiPIMS discharge is operated with a variable pulse length of 20–500 µs. Discharge current measurements, optical emission spectroscopy of neutral Ar, O, and W lines, and energy-resolved ion mass spectrometry are employed. A pronounced dependence of the discharge current on pulse length is noted while the initial discharge voltage is maintained constant. Energy-resolved mass spectrometry shows that the oxygen-to-tungsten (O+/W+) and the tungsten oxide-to-tungsten (WO+/W+) ion ratio decreases with pulse length due to target cleaning. Simulation results employing the SDTrimSP program show the formation of a non-stoichiometric sub-surface compound layer of oxygen which depends on the impinging ion composition and thus on the pulse length.
Long-lasting XUV activation of helium nanodroplets for avalanche ionization
Authors: Medina C , Lægdsmand A Ø , Ltaief L Ben , Hoque Z , Roos A H , Jurkovičová L , Hort O , Finke O , Albrecht M , Nejdl J , Stienkemeier F , Andreasson J , Klimešová E , Krikunova M , Heidenreich A , Mudrich M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We study the dynamics of avalanche ionization of pure helium nanodroplets activated by a weak extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) pulse and driven by an intense near-infrared (NIR) pulse. In addition to a transient enhancement of ignition of a nanoplasma at short delay times

∼

200

fs, long-term activation of the nanodroplets lasting up to a few nanoseconds is observed. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the short-term activation is caused by the injection of seed electrons into the droplets by XUV photoemission. Long-term activation appears due to electrons remaining loosely bound to photoions which form stable ‘snowball’ structures in the droplets. Thus, we show that XUV irradiation can induce long-lasting changes of the strong-field optical properties of nanoparticles, potentially opening new routes to controlling avalanche-ionization phenomena in nanostructures and condensed-phase systems.
Network topology enables efficient response to environment in Physarum polycephalum
Authors: Chen Siyu , Alim Karen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The network-shaped body plan distinguishes the unicellular slime mould Physarum polycephalum in body architecture from other unicellular organisms. Yet, network-shaped body plans dominate branches of multi-cellular life such as in fungi. What survival advantage does a network structure provide when facing a dynamic environment with adverse conditions? Here, we probe how network topology impacts P. polycephalum’s avoidance response to an adverse blue light. We stimulate either an elongated, I-shaped amoeboid or a Y-shaped networked specimen and subsequently quantify the evacuation process of the light-exposed body part. The result shows that Y-shaped specimen complete the avoidance retraction in a comparable time frame, even slightly faster than I-shaped organisms, yet, at a lower almost negligible increase in migration velocity. Contraction amplitude driving mass motion is further only locally increased in Y-shaped specimen compared to I-shaped—providing further evidence that Y-shaped’s avoidance reaction is energetically more efficient than in I-shaped amoeboid organisms. The difference in the retraction behaviour suggests that the complexity of network topology provides a key advantage when encountering adverse environments. Our findings could lead to a better understanding of the transition from unicellular to multicellularity.
Homojunction structure amorphous oxide thin film transistors with ultra-high mobility
Authors: Lu Rongkai , Li Siqin , Lu Jianguo , Lu Bojing , Yang Ruqi , Lu Yangdan , Shao Wenyi , Zhao Yi , Zhu Liping , Zhuge Fei , Ye Zhizhen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Amorphous oxide semiconductors (AOS) have unique advantages in transparent and flexible thin film transistors (TFTs) applications, compared to low-temperature polycrystalline-Si (LTPS). However, intrinsic AOS TFTs are difficult to obtain field-effect mobility (μ
FE) higher than LTPS (100 cm2/(V·s)). Here, we design ZnAlSnO (ZATO) homojunction structure TFTs to obtain μ
FE = 113.8 cm2/(V·s). The device demonstrates optimized comprehensive electrical properties with an off-current of about 1.5 × 10–11 A, a threshold voltage of –1.71 V, and a subthreshold swing of 0.372 V/dec. There are two kinds of gradient coupled in the homojunction active layer, which are micro-crystallization and carrier suppressor concentration gradient distribution so that the device can reduce off-current and shift the threshold voltage positively while maintaining high field-effect mobility. Our research in the homojunction active layer points to a promising direction for obtaining excellent-performance AOS TFTs.
Optimizing the morphology of all-polymer solar cells for enhanced photovoltaic performance and thermal stability
Authors: An Kang , Zhong Wenkai , Zhu Chunguang , Peng Feng , Xu Lei , Lin Zhiwei , Wang Lei , Zhou Cheng , Ying Lei , Li Ning , Huang Fei 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Due to the complicated film formation kinetics, morphology control remains a major challenge for the development of efficient and stable all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs). To overcome this obstacle, the sequential deposition method is used to fabricate the photoactive layers of all-PSCs comprising a polymer donor PTzBI-oF and a polymer acceptor PS1. The film morphology can be manipulated by incorporating amounts of a dibenzyl ether additive into the PS1 layer. Detailed morphology investigations by grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering and a transmission electron microscope reveal that the combination merits of sequential deposition and DBE additive can render favorable crystalline properties as well as phase separation for PTzBI-oF:PS1 blends. Consequently, the optimized all-PSCs delivered an enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.21% along with improved carrier extraction and suppressed charge recombination. More importantly, the optimized all-PSCs remain over 90% of their initial PCEs under continuous thermal stress at 65 °C for over 500 h. This work validates that control over microstructure morphology via a sequential deposition process is a promising strategy for fabricating highly efficient and stable all-PSCs.
One-photo excitation pathway in 2D in-plane heterostructures for effective visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation
Authors: Liu Mengchi , Cheng Yiwen , Xie Yuee , Wei Yingcong , Xing Jinhui , Chen Yuanping , Xu Jing 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Broad-spectrum absorption and highly effective charge-carrier separation are two essential requirements to improve the photocatalytic performance of semiconductor-based photocatalysts. In this work, a fascinating one-photon system is reported by rationally fabricating 2D in-plane Bi2O3/BiOCl (i-Cl) heterostructures for efficient photocatalytic degradation of RhB and TC. Systematic investigations revealed that the matched band structure generated an internal electric field and a chemical bond connection between the Bi2O3 and BiOCl in the Bi2O3/BiOCl composite that could effectively improve the utilization ratio of visible light and the separation effectivity of photo-generated carriers in space. The formed interactions at the 2D in-plane heterojunction interface induced the one-photon excitation pathway which has been confirmed by the experiment and DFT calculations. As a result, the i-Cl samples showed significantly enhanced photocatalytic efficiency towards the degradation of RhB and TC (RhB: 0.106 min−1; TC: 0.048 min−1) under visible light. The degradation activities of RhB and TC for i-Cl were 265.08 and 4.08 times that of pure BiOCl, as well as 9.27 and 2.14 times that of mechanistically mixed Bi2O3/BiOCl samples, respectively. This work provides a logical strategy to construct other 2D in-plane heterojunctions with a one-photon excitation pathway with enhanced performance.
A novel SiC high-k superjunction power MOSFET integrated Schottky barrier diode with improved forward and reverse performance
Authors: Kong Moufu , Hu Zewei , Yan Ronghe , Yi Bo , Zhang Bingke , Yang Hongqiang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A new SiC superjunction power MOSFET device using high-k insulator and p-type pillar with an integrated Schottky barrier diode (Hk-SJ-SBD MOSFET) is proposed, and has been compared with the SiC high-k MOSFET (Hk MOSFET), SiC superjuction MOSFET (SJ MOSFET) and the conventional SiC MOSFET in this article. In the proposed SiC Hk-SJ-SBD MOSFET, under the combined action of the p-type region and the Hk dielectric layer in the drift region, the concentration of the N-drift region and the current spreading layer can be increased to achieve an ultra-low specific on-resistance (R
on,sp). The integrated Schottky barrier diode (SBD) also greatly improves the reverse recovery performance of the device. TCAD simulation results indicate that the R
on,sp of the proposed SiC Hk-SJ-SBD MOSFET is 0.67 mΩ·cm2 with a 2240 V breakdown voltage (BV), which is more than 72.4%, 23%, 5.6% lower than that of the conventional SiC MOSFET, Hk SiC MOSFET and SJ SiC MOSFET with the 1950, 2220, and 2220 V BV, respectively. The reverse recovery time and reverse recovery charge of the proposed MOSFET is 16 ns and18 nC, which are greatly reduced by more than 74% and 94% in comparison with those of all the conventional SiC MOSFET, Hk SiC MOSFET and SJ SiC MOSFET, due to the integrated SBD in the proposed MOSFET. And the trade-off relationship between the R
on,sp and the BV is also significantly improved compared with that of the conventional MOSFET, Hk MOSFET and SJ MOSFET as well as the MOSFETs in other previous literature, respectively. In addition, compared with conventional SJ SiC MOSFET, the proposed SiC MOSFET has better immunity to charge imbalance, which may bring great application prospects.
Suitable contacting scheme for evaluating electrical properties of GaN-based p-type layers
Authors: Huang Siyi , Ikeda Masao , Zhang Minglong , Zhu Jianjun , Liu Jianping 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A suitable contacting scheme for p-(Al)GaN facilitating quick feedback and accurate measurements is proposed in this study. 22 nm p+-GaN followed by 2 nm p-In0.2Ga0.8N was grown on p-type layers by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. Samples were then cut into squares after annealing and contact electrodes using In balls were put at the corners of the squares. Good linearity between all the electrodes was confirmed in I–V curves during Hall measurements even with In metal. Serval samples taken from the same wafer showed small standard deviation of ~ 4% for resistivity, Hall mobility and hole concentration. The influence of contact layer on the electrical characteristics of bulk p-type layers was then investigated by step etching technique using inductively coupled plasma etching and subsequent Hall-effect measurements. Identical values could be obtained consistently when a 28 nm non-conductive layer thickness at the surface was taken into account. Therefore, the procedures for evaluating the electrical properties of GaN-based p-type layers just using In balls proposed in this study are shown to be quick and useful as for the other conventional III–V materials.
Flash-based in-memory computing for stochastic computing in image edge detection
Authors: Sun Zhaohui , Feng Yang , Guo Peng , Dong Zheng , Zhang Junyu , Liu Jing , Zhan Xuepeng , Wu Jixuan , Chen Jiezhi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The “memory wall” of traditional von Neumann computing systems severely restricts the efficiency of data-intensive task execution, while in-memory computing (IMC) architecture is a promising approach to breaking the bottleneck. Although variations and instability in ultra-scaled memory cells seriously degrade the calculation accuracy in IMC architectures, stochastic computing (SC) can compensate for these shortcomings due to its low sensitivity to cell disturbances. Furthermore, massive parallel computing can be processed to improve the speed and efficiency of the system. In this paper, by designing logic functions in NOR flash arrays, SC in IMC for the image edge detection is realized, demonstrating ultra-low computational complexity and power consumption (25.5 fJ/pixel at 2-bit sequence length). More impressively, the noise immunity is 6 times higher than that of the traditional binary method, showing good tolerances to cell variation and reliability degradation when implementing massive parallel computation in the array.
Multi-Resolution Patch Algorithm for Detection of Non-Small Cell Lung
Authors: Arkah Zinah Mohsin , Alwan Jwan K. , Al-Jumaily Abdulmajeed 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Today’s healthcare system relies heavily on medical imaging to carry out non-invasive diagnostic treatments. For clinical analysis, it entails the development of graphical and functional models of the human body and organs. In order to diagnose non-small cell lung cancer, the Multi-resolution patch (MSP) approach is introduced in this study. The model can enhance detection performance by utilizing an atrous convolution network, however caution must be used while selecting the atrous rate. More data from many institutions is needed to improve the generalization of the model because the validation CT data was only collected at one center; this dataset included lung CT imaging data from healthy individuals. The outcome indicates that the model’s performance can be further enhanced by include data from healthy individuals in the training process. Additionally, two sets of experiments show the value of the pre-processing module and the superiority of the suggested network.