bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The performance of man-powered aircraft
Authors: Lilley G. M. 
Published: March 2023

The aerodynamic performance of man-powered aircraft has been considered by a number of authors including (Lilley and Spillman (1960), Lissaman et al (1979), Wimpenny (1979)). The present paper attempts a simplistic approach and gives a comparison between these simple formulae and the performance of the various designs of man-powered aircraft for which design information is available, or from measured data in flight. The latter information is generally in agreement with that tabulated in Reay (1977) and Sherwin (1971). The data on the Gossamer Condor and Gossamer Albatross were obtained from Lissaman et al (1979) and Jex and Mitchell (1982). A review of achievements in man-powered flight before the Channel crossing was given by Clark (1978).The paper also discusses briefly the performance of manpowered aircraft with energy storage for assisted take-off and as a contribution for cruising flight. It is hoped the paper will give a broad picture of the aerodynamic performance challenge set by the Kremer (1983) World Speed Record Competition.
Theoretical modelling of three-dimensional vortex flows in aerodynamics
Authors: Smith J. H. B. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryA unified account is presented of the various inviscid models used to represent three-dimensional vortex flows in aerodynamics; essentially those relying on vortex sheets and linevortices. Recent developments in extending the scope, accuracy, and stability of these models are described. An evaluation of their relative strengths and weaknesses suggests that the different models all have continuing roles to play. It is claimed that vortex modelling has come of age, in the sense that we can now learn about the real world from the behaviour of models, after decades of trying to make the models conform with reality.
Aerodynamic noise — a review of the contributions to jet noise research at the College of Aeronautics, Cranfield 1949-1961 (together with some recent conclusions)
Authors: Lilley G.M. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryIt is a pleasure and indeed an honour to be invited to contribute this paper to the 70th Birthday Tribute to Professor A. D. Young, in recognition of his longstanding friendship and as a colleague of the author for many years.It was Professor A. D. Young, at the College of Aeronautics in 1949, who gave the necessary guidance and encouragement to the author in starting research into aerodynamics noise, which was possibly one of the first attempts made in making a quantitative assessment of the noise from a turbulent air jet.The paper discusses the early experimental work and its conclusions, and how it led to attempts to reduce jet noise through the use of vortex generators and the corrugated nozzle. The comparison between theory and experiment is commented on with reference to the early work on acoustic sources and the questions this comparison raised. A final section is included which attempts to close the gap in our understanding of jet noise generation.
A note on the propulsive systems of fishes and birds, with possible application to manpowered flight
Authors: Elliott J. S. 
Published: March 2023

It has long been pointed out by Gray that large aquatic animals, notably the dolphin, have been observed to achieve speeds which appear to be far beyond their muscular capabilities, unless they somehow experience laminar flow. Many workers have puzzled over this problem, and various possibilities have been propounded. In particular Wu has carried out a long theoretical analysis of the swimming of a slender fish in two dimensions, and he mentions the prospect of the zero momentum wake.The principle of the zero momentum wake (or boundary layer propulsion, as it is sometimes called) has often attracted the attention of aircraft propulsion engineers. A small wind tunnel experiment by Göbel and Oehler is of interest. They took a circular sieve, representing profile drag, and set this in relation to a propeller of the same diameter as the sieve. The sieve and the propeller were set side-by-side on a bar, and the power required to propel the model was measured. Then the sieve and the propeller were set in tandem, with the sieve in front of the propeller, and the power required measured again. The power required for the tandem arrangement was found to be significantly less than that required for the side-by-side arrangement.
Instruments for airships
Authors: Chorley R. A. 
Published: March 2023

The basic information required by the pilot of any airborne machine is the same, regardless of the type of machine and the method it uses to counteract gravitational force. This information falls into two categories: firstly there is the information the pilot needs to ensure the safety of the machine (and of his own neck) when leaving the earth's surface, operating in the alien environment above it, and returning to the surface in an orderly fashion; secondly there is the information the pilot needs in order to turn flying into a useful activity, by being able to navigate safely and economically between defined geographical points.Into the first category falls all the information relating to the functioning of the machine, to its attitude and motion relative to the earth, and to its speed through the air.
The optimal planform, size and mass of a wing
Authors: Large E. 
Published: March 2023

In the absence of a criterion for maximum wingtip deflection, the estimation of wing weight is a straightforward technical problem, for conventional planform shapes. Shear force and bending moment are integrated from the wing-tip to the wing root; using the known aerofoil shape, and the maximum allowable stress or strain, the skin thickness is determined at each station, and hence the mass of the entire wing is found.It is safe to assume constant wing-loading per unit area along the span. If less than this constant value is used near the root, then some of this load must be transferred to stations further outboard; the bending moment at the wing-root is increased, and the skin-thickness and hence the wing weight will also be increased.
Advanced generating system equipment for aircraft
Authors: Kennett R. J. 
Published: March 2023

Recent developments in constant frequency alternating current (ac) generating systems for aircraft have realised substantial increases in power-to-weight ratio and potential reduction in cost-of-ownership.Essentially this has been achieved by employment of maximum synchronous generator speed, refinement and corresponding advantage of hydromechanical variable-ratio transmission technology and a more highly integrated configuration.Each of these aspects has required an innovative philosophy and extensive testing to bring the technology to a point where such equipment can be confidently specified for the next generation of aircraft.
Productivity comparisons with the USA — where do we differ?
Authors: Jefferson P. 
Published: March 2023

If the comparisons on productivity made by Mr. Harvey for the United Kingdom and other countries are accepted the question to be considered is why there should be any difference.In particular I would like to identify some of the reasons for making comparisons with a principal competitor — the USA industry.While the comments made reflect experience on airframe manufacture there is little doubt that the situation is no different in the rest of the aerospace industry or for that matter the UK engineering industry in general.
Investment for the future
Authors: Yates I. R. 
Published: March 2023

I find that there are three clearly defined themes appropriate to this occasion, so rather than pick just one I decided, at the risk of being rather superficial, to attempt to cover them in one lecture.Obviously I must start with a short historical review of Warton Division from 1945 to the present date. During which time a major part was played by Sir Frederick Page in the development of the Division. This period starts when he was the technical guiding light of the newly formed English Electric team, through the vital middle period when he was managing the steadily growing complex now called Warton Division to more recent times when he still acted as a sure guiding light despite his much wider responsibilities.
Light aircraft structural design in non-metallics — use of composite honeycomb for light aircraft
Authors: Woodley G. E. 
Published: March 2023

The developments in the use of composite honeycomb in passenger aircraft structures has been growing rapidly over the past ten years. Starting with its use in the semi-structural internal use as a flooring material such as the cross plied UD glass-nomex cored floors of the wide body jet aircraft — 747 — L1011 and DC10, to the external uses for control surfaces, fins, undercarriage doors, engine pods, etc, and the ultimate all-composite fuselage of the LearFan project.The progress in the light aircraft field by comparison, is almost non-existent, the major use of composites is restricted almost entirely to the manufacture of sailplanes and the majority of these use foam stabilisation rather than honeycomb.
LTA developments in Great Britain
Authors: Nayler A.W.L. 
Published: March 2023

The lessons learnt in the design and manufacture of a non-rigid airship in 1979 have been put to good use in the development of a new range of airships. The first of these is now nearing completion. Its potential for a variety of tasks, both civilian and military, is discussed as are other non-rigid designs.For the heavier payloads the rigid airship has greater potential. Detail design work against an option demand is described. At the other end of the scale the hot-air airship continues to be developed and sold successfully.In this paper I do not intend to make a comparison between British designs. I merely list the companies in alphabetical order and discuss the designs each is working on. Those requiring further information will find the list of references and company addresses at the end of the paper.
FTO: a critical role in obesity and obesity-related diseases
Authors: Yin Dan , Li Yiyang , Liao Xingyue , Tian Dewei , Xu Yunsi , Zhou Cuilan , Liu Jun , Li Suyun , Zhou Jing , Nie Yulin , Liao Hongqing , Peng Cuiying 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn recent years, obesity is a growing pandemic in the world and has likely contributed to increasing the incidence of obesity-related diseases. Fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) is the first gene discovered which has a close connection with fat. Recent studies suggested thatFTOgene has played an important role in the molecular mechanisms of many diseases. Obesity is considered to be a hereditary disease and can evoke many kinds of diseases, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cancer, etc., whose exact possible molecular mechanisms responsible for the effect ofFTOon obesity and obesity-related diseases remain largely unknown. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the correlation betweenFTOgene and obesity, cancer, PCOS, T2DM, as well as the molecular mechanism involved in these diseases.
Gut feelings: associations of emotions and emotion regulation with the gut microbiome in women
Authors: Ke Shanlin , Guimond Anne-Josee , Tworoger Shelley S. , Huang Tianyi , Chan Andrew T. , Liu Yang-Yu , Kubzansky Laura D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAccumulating evidence suggests that positive and negative emotions, as well as emotion regulation, play key roles in human health and disease. Recent work has shown the gut microbiome is important in modulating mental and physical health through the gut–brain axis. Yet, its association with emotions and emotion regulation are understudied. Here we examined whether positive and negative emotions, as well as two emotion regulation strategies (i.e. cognitive reappraisal and suppression), were associated with the gut microbiome composition and functional pathways in healthy women.MethodsParticipants were from the Mind-Body Study (N = 206, mean age = 61), a sub-study of the Nurses' Health Study II cohort. In 2013, participants completed measures of emotion-related factors. Two pairs of stool samples were collected, 6 months apart, 3 months after emotion-related factors measures were completed. Analyses examined associations of emotion-related factors with gut microbial diversity, overall microbiome structure, and specific species/pathways and adjusted for relevant covariates.ResultsAlpha diversity was negatively associated with suppression. In multivariate analysis, positive emotions were inversely associated with the relative abundance of Firmicutes bacterium CAG 94 and Ruminococcaceae bacterium D16, while negative emotions were directly correlated with the relative abundance of these same species. At the metabolic pathway level, negative emotions were inversely related to the biosynthesis of pantothenate, coenzyme A, and adenosine.ConclusionsThese findings offer human evidence supporting linkages of emotions and related regulatory processes with the gut microbiome and highlight the importance of incorporating the gut microbiome in our understanding of emotion-related factors and their associations with physical health.
Schweigen und Beziehungsabbruch
Authors: Mallmann Carina , Trost Andrea 
Published: March 2023

Was ist zu dem Thema bereits bekannt? Absonderungen sind die häufigste Zwangsmaßnahme im Maßregelvollzug und haben schwere Folgen für Betroffene. Deren Perspektive ist in diesem Kontext wenig erforscht. Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht? In Interviews beschreiben Betroffene, wie sich Absonderungen auf ihre Beziehung zu den Pflegenden ausgewirkt haben. Was sind die Auswirkungen auf die Praxis? Aufklärung, Kommunikation, Ausgestaltung sowie Nachbesprechung müssen bei Absonderungen klientenzentriert durchgeführt und fortlaufend evaluiert werden, um negative Folgen für die Beziehungsgestaltung der Betroffenen zu den Pflegenden zu reduzieren.
Rechtebasiert, Personenzentriert und Recovery-orientiert
Authors: Zinkler Martin 
Published: March 2023

Was ist zu diesem Thema bereits bekannt? Die Bestimmungen der UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention (UN-BRK) erfordern eine grundlegende Transformation der Behandlung und Unterstützung im psychosozialen Hilfssystem hin zu einer menschenrechtlichen Praxis. Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht? Die neuen Leitlinien der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) stellen eine Reihe von Diensten vor, in denen auf der Grundlage der UN-BRK rechtebasierte, personenzentrierte und recovery-orientierte Versorgungsmodelle ganz oder weitgehend realisiert werden. Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis? Der Blick auf die psychiatrische Praxis und die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen in den deutschsprachigen Ländern lässt erkennen, dass diese in weiten Teilen weder der UN-BRK noch den WHO-Leitlinien gerecht werden.
Atmospheric Input and Seasonal Inventory of Dissolved Iron in the Sargasso Sea: Implications for Iron Dynamics in Surface Waters of the Subtropical Ocean
Authors: Sedwick P. N. , Sohst B. M. , Buck K. N. , Caprara S. , Johnson R. J. , Ohnemus D. C. , Sofen L. E. , Tagliabue A. , Twining B. S. , Williams T. E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractConstraining the role of dust deposition in regulating the concentration of the essential micronutrient iron in surface ocean waters requires knowledge of the flux of seawater‐soluble iron in aerosols and the replacement time of dissolved iron (DFe) in the euphotic zone. Here we estimate these quantities using seasonally resolved DFe data from the Bermuda Atlantic Time‐series Study region and weekly‐scale measurements of iron in aerosols and rain from Bermuda during 2019. In response to seasonal changes in vertical mixing, primary production and dust deposition, surface DFe concentrations vary from ∼0.2 nM in early spring to >1 nM in late summer, with DFe inventories ranging from ∼30 to ∼80 μmol/m2, respectively, over the upper 200 m. Assuming the upper ocean approximates steady state for DFe on an annual basis, our aerosol and rainwater data require a mean euphotic‐zone residence time of ∼0.8–1.9 years for DFe with respect to aeolian input.
Wavelet‐Based Wavenumber Spectral Estimate of Eddy Kinetic Energy: Idealized Quasi‐Geostrophic Flow
Authors: Uchida Takaya , Jamet Quentin , Poje Andrew C. , Wienders Nico , Dewar William K. , Deremble Bruno 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA wavelet‐based method is re‐introduced in an oceanographic and spectral context to estimate wavenumber spectrum and spectral flux of kinetic energy and enstrophy. We apply this to a numerical simulation of idealized, doubly periodic quasi‐geostrophic flows, that is, the flow is constrained by the Coriolis force and vertical stratification. The double periodicity allows for a straightforward Fourier analysis as the baseline method. Our wavelet spectra agree well with the canonical Fourier approach but with the additional strengths of negating the necessity for the data to be periodic and being able to extract local anisotropies in the flow. Caution is warranted, however, when computing higher‐order quantities, such as spectral flux.
Postnatal cerebral hemodynamics in infants with severe congenital heart disease: a scoping review
Authors: De Silvestro Alexandra Angela , Kellenberger Christian Johannes , Gosteli Martina , O’Gorman Ruth , Knirsch Walter 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Patients with severe congenital heart disease (CHD) are at risk for impaired neurodevelopment. Cerebral blood supply may be diminished by congenital anomalies of cardiovascular anatomy and myocardial function. The aim of this scoping review was to summarize the current knowledge on cerebral hemodynamics in infants with severe CHD. A scoping review was performed. Five databases were searched for articles published from 01/1990 to 02/2022 containing information on cerebral hemodynamics assessed by neuroimaging methods in patients with severe CHD within their first year of life. A total of 1488 publications were identified, of which 26 were included. Half of the studies used Doppler ultrasound, and half used magnetic resonance imaging techniques. Studies focused on preoperative findings of cerebral hemodynamics, effects of surgical and conservative interventions, as well as on associations between cerebral hemodynamics and brain morphology or neurodevelopment. Cerebral perfusion was most severely affected in patients with single ventricle and other cyanotic disease. Neuroimaging methods provide a large variety of information on cerebral hemodynamics. Nevertheless, small and heterogeneous cohorts complicate this field of research. Further studies are needed to improve our understanding of the link between CHD and altered cerebral hemodynamics to optimize neuroprotection strategies.

Impact

Postnatal cerebral hemodynamics are altered in infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) as compared to healthy controls, especially in most severe types such as single ventricle or other cyanotic CHD. Associations of these alterations with brain volume and maturation reveal their clinical relevance.

Research in this area is limited due to the rarity and heterogeneity of diagnoses. Furthermore, longitudinal studies have rarely been conducted.

Further effort is needed to better understand the deviation from physiological cerebral perfusion and its consequences in patients with CHD to optimize neuroprotection strategies.
Acoustic micronektonic distribution and density is structured by macroscale oceanographic processes across 17–48° N latitudes in the North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: García-Seoane Eva , Klevjer Thor , Mork Kjell Arne , Agersted Mette Dalgaard , Macaulay Gavin J. , Melle Webjørn 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the large-scale distribution patterns of the acoustic scattering layers and micronekton density across the Northeast Atlantic Ocean during daylight hours. A research cruise on board R/V “Kronprins Haakon” was conducted during May 2019 from Cape Verde to Bay of Biscay. Hydrological data were obtained at 20 conductivity-temperature-depth sensor (CTD) stations. To estimate the micronekton densities in front of the trawl, an autonomous echo sounder (120 or 200 kHz) on the headrope of the macroplankton trawl was used. Acoustic data were also collected along the cruise track using ship-mounted multi-frequency echo sounders (backscatter at 18 and 38 kHz was analyzed). Acoustic observations (both at 18, 38 and 120/200 kHz) showed clear patterns in the horizontal distribution of the micronekton during daytime with higher backscatter and echo densities in the south of the study area (from 17 to 37° N), and the absence of high backscatter in the surface from 37 to 45° N. Backscatter and echo densities were found to be significantly influenced by: temperature, salinity, and oxygen, as well as depth and time of the day.
DeepGeni: deep generalized interpretable autoencoder elucidates gut microbiota for better cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Oh Min , Zhang Liqing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRecent studies revealed that gut microbiota modulates the response to cancer immunotherapy and fecal microbiota transplantation has clinical benefits in melanoma patients during treatment. Understanding how microbiota affects individual responses is crucial for precision oncology. However, it is challenging to identify key microbial taxa with limited data as statistical and machine learning models often lose their generalizability. In this study, DeepGeni, a deep generalized interpretable autoencoder, is proposed to improve the generalizability and interpretability of microbiome profiles by augmenting data and by introducing interpretable links in the autoencoder. DeepGeni-based machine learning classifier outperforms state-of-the-art classifier in the microbiome-driven prediction of responsiveness of melanoma patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Moreover, the interpretable links of DeepGeni elucidate the most informative microbiota associated with cancer immunotherapy response. DeepGeni not only improves microbiome-driven prediction of immune checkpoint inhibitor responsiveness but also suggests potential microbial targets for fecal microbiota transplant or probiotics improving the outcome of cancer immunotherapy.
Off-line measuring sampling data identification parameters for digital twins mirroring load modelling and stability analysis
Authors: Urquizo Javier , Ramirez Nathalie , Sanchez Dietmar , Plazarte Juan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCurrently, the methods used to represent loads do not differ between the characteristics that compose them or the nature of these. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to develop digital twins mirroring load models that can be used for more precise studies on power-flows and stability within the National Transmission Grid (NTG). Off-line sampling data of different electric measurements have been used in six substations of the Guayaquil (Ecuador) area. These values were organized by statistical methods and by time periods, to determine the parameters that make up the static load model. Dynamic models are also constructed for the same six substations using the analysis of current and voltage signals obtained from the substations. All data is organized to show a digital twin mirroring visual representation of the disturbances that may occur in the substation buses. A more accurate description of the static and dynamic responses can be obtained by replacing the general model that is currently used by engineers and planners with off-line sampling data. Digital twins help the electric utility businesses gather, visualise, and contextualise data from different sources, and enable to act on data, and to understand what-if modelling stability scenarios.