bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Adolescents’ Contraceptive Preferences and Trade‐Offs: Findings From a Discrete Choice Experiment in Kenya
Authors: Harrington Elizabeth K. , Ouma Dismas Congo , Pike Mindy , Awuor Merceline , Kimanthi Syovata , Onono Maricianah , Barnabas Ruanne V. , Mugo Nelly , Bukusi Elizabeth A. , Hauber Brett 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA focus on contraceptive preferences is essential to the provision of person‐centered care. Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in the WHO African Region experience disparities in contraceptive access and use and reproductive health outcomes. Despite increasing recognition of AGYW needs as unique, their preferences are understudied, limiting strategies to improve contraceptive care access and quality among marginalized youth populations. We designed and conducted a discrete choice experiment among five hundred 15–20‐year‐old AGYW in Kisumu, Kenya, to examine the relative importance of trade‐offs between contraceptive methods and service delivery attributes. Participants answered eight choice sets including three alternatives: two hypothetical contraceptive options characterized by seven attributes (effectiveness, bleeding pattern, duration of use, privacy, access location, counseling source, and cost) and a “no method” opt‐out. We used random‐parameters logit models to estimate preference weights and trade‐offs among alternatives. The bleeding pattern was the most important determinant of stated choice, with a strong preference for unchanged or irregular bleeding over heavier bleeding or amenorrhea. Participants preferred the lowest chance of method failure as well as the longest duration of use (one year) over daily use or use during/after sex. Parous AGYW were more likely to prefer the longest duration of use. The ability to keep method use completely private was also an influential choice, particularly among 15–17‐year‐olds. AGYW traded effectiveness and increased cost for preferred bleeding patterns and privacy. The opt‐out “no method” alternative was chosen only 2.7 percent of the time, indicating a strong preference for pregnancy prevention. Our findings highlight key insights for enhancing the person‐centeredness of contraceptive care for AGYW: Kenyan AGYW place a high value on preferred menstrual bleeding patterns, high method effectiveness, longer duration of use, and the ability to keep method use private. Preference data can inform programs, including contraceptive decision‐support interventions, to improve AGYW access to quality preference‐sensitive contraceptive services.
Frege on Logical Laws and Judgement: On the Normative Constitutivity Reading
Authors: Kim Junyeol 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe Strong Normative Constitutivity reading of logical laws in Frege argues that although he regards logical laws as purely descriptive, he in fact accepts that they are normatively constitutive of the act of judgement. There are passages in which Frege seems to commit himself to such an idea. However, we can understand what Frege argues in those passages based only on his conception of logical laws as the most general descriptive laws and his objectivism about truth. If my suggested interpretation is correct, there is a reason to think that logical laws are merely descriptive for Frege. Further, my interpretation shows that the central issue between Frege and psychological logicians is the nature of truth.
Transfusion‐transmitted bacterial infection risk due to the proliferation of psychrotrophic bacterial species in RBCs and their difficulty in detection
Authors: Kozakai Moe , Nagumo Hideto , Furuta Rika A. , Matsubayashi Keiji , Satake Masahiro , Tani Yoshihiko 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundReports of cases of bacterial infection due to transfusion of red blood cell (RBC) components (RBC‐TTBI) are relatively rare. Hence, the possibility of undetectable bacterial contamination in RBCs, especially by psychrotrophic bacteria, must be clarified.Study Design and MethodsWe assessed nine psychrotrophic bacterial species, including those implicated in bacteremia or RBC‐TTBIs. They were cultured on plates from 4 to 37°C to determine their optimal growth temperatures. We also assessed the detection capabilities of the automated culture/alarm system BACT/ALERT VIRTUO (VIRTUO) using BPA (aerobic) and BPN (anaerobic) bottles. In addition, bacteria‐inoculated RBCs were incubated at 4°C for 42 days, with samples assessed weekly for bacterial growth using plate culture, VIRTUO, visual inspection, and endotoxin production.ResultsTwo Psychrobacter species exhibited weak or no proliferation at temperatures ≥30°C in plate cultures. Three Pseudomonas species, one Psychrobacter species, and one psychrotrophic lactic acid bacteria proliferated in RBCs at 4°C, reaching 104–108 colony‐forming units/mL (growth count) and 15–39,230 pg/mL (endotoxin production) by day 14. VIRTUO, operating at 36°C, failed to consistently yield reliable results for any of the tested bacterial species. Notably, visual changes in bag appearance were observed from day 21 in four species that proliferated in RBCs.DiscussionEach psychrotrophic bacteria demonstrated a specific temperature preference for optimal proliferation. Standard culture tests, typically conducted at 35–37°C, often fail to detect the growth of such bacteria, suggesting they may be overlooked in the cultural analysis of suspected RBC‐TTBI cases.
Ultrasonographic evaluation of diaphragm fatigue in healthy humans
Authors: Illidi Camilla R. , Romer Lee M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAssessment of diaphragm function and fatigue typically relies on the measurement of transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi). Although Pdi serves as an index of diaphragm force output, it provides limited information regarding the ability of the muscle to shorten and generate power. We asked whether ultrasonography, combined with Pdi, could be used to quantify changes in diaphragm function attributable to fatigue. Eight healthy men [mean (SD) age, 23 (7) years] completed two tasks on separate occasions: (i) 2 min of maximal isocapnic ventilation (MIV); or (ii) 3 × 5 min of maximal inspiratory resistive loading (IRL). Diaphragm function was evaluated before (PRE) and after each task (POST1, 10–15 min and POST2, 30–35 min) using synchronous recordings of Pdi and subcostal ultrasound traces of the right crural hemidiaphragm during anterolateral magnetic stimulation of the phrenic nerves and progressive CO2 rebreathing. Fatigue was quantified as pre‐ to post‐loading changes in twitch Pdi, excursion velocity (excursion/time) and power (Pdi × velocity). Both tasks resulted in significant reductions in twitch Pdi (P < 0.05). There were no effects of MIV on ultrasound‐derived measures. In contrast, IRL elicited a significant reduction in twitch excursion at POST1 (−16%; P = 0.034) and significant reductions in excursion velocity at POST1 (−32%; P = 0.022) and POST2 (−28%; P = 0.013). These reductions in excursion velocity, alongside the concurrent reductions in twitch Pdi, resulted in significant reductions in diaphragm power at POST1 (−48%; P = 0.009) and POST2 (−42%; P = 0.008). Neither task significantly altered the contractile responses to CO2. In conclusion, subcostal ultrasonography coupled with phrenic nerve stimulation is a promising method for quantifying contractile fatigue of the human diaphragm.
Enhancement and Thermal Performance Evaluation of Parabolic Trough Solar Collector With the Integration of Innovative Snail Porous Material
Authors: Venkatesh R. , Singh Ravindra Pratap , Naga Bhooshanam N. , Prabagaran S. , Mohanavel Vinayagam , Rabadiya Dhaval , Soudagar Manzoore Elahi M. , Alotaibi Majed A. , Seikh Asiful H. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Parabolic trough collector (PTC) is prospective for energy storage compatibility, and its thermal performance is limited by weather dependence. Evaluating the performance of the parabolic trough collector is crucial. In this study, the snail shell porous biological material acts as an energy storage material integrated with the receiver. These porous materials could store heat and supply to enhance thermal performance by supplying heat energy to a working fluid during reduced radiation availability. Hence, the experimentation is conducted under two dissimilar flowrate conditions, such as 150 and 300 liters per hour (LPH), with and without the porous material receiver. The findings of this research demonstrate that receivers with porous material show superior thermal performance compared to those without porous material. The peak average outlet water's temperature, heat absorption, heat transfer coefficient (HTC), and thermal and exergy efficiencies are about 68.7 °C, 5312.3 W, 357.9 W/m2 K, 70.6%, and 49.5%, respectively, at 150 LPH. However, the snail shell porous material enhances heat absorption efficiency by storing and releasing more heat, thereby improving the PTC's overall performance.
Deep Reinforcement Learning Based Localization and Tracking of Intruder Drone
Authors: Kainth Shivam , Jha Shashi Shekhar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are fast becoming a low-cost, affordable tool for various security and surveillance tasks. It has led to the use of UAVs (drones) for unlawful activities such as spying or infringing on restricted or private air spaces. This rogue use of drone technology makes it challenging for security agencies to maintain the safety of many critical infrastructures. Additionally, because of the drones’ varied low-cost design and agility, it has become challenging to identify and track them using conventional radar systems. This paper proposes a deep reinforcement learning-based approach for identifying and tracking an intruder drone using a chaser drone. Our proposed solution employs computer vision techniques interleaved with a deep reinforcement learning control for tracking the intruder drone within the chaser’s field of view. The complete end-to-end system has been implemented using robot operating system and Gazebo, with an Ardupilot-based flight controller for flight stabilization and maneuverability. The proposed approach has been evaluated on multiple dynamic scenarios of intruders’ trajectories and compared with a proportional-integral-derivative-based controller. The results show that the deep reinforcement learning policy achieves a tracking accuracy of 85%. The intruder localization module is able to localize drones in 98.5% of the frames. Furthermore, the learned policy can track the intruder even when there is a change in the speed or orientation of the intruder drone.
Rehabilitation education videos to improve information delivery for patients post trauma
Authors: Hendry Julianne , Azad Afshaun , Radha Sarkhell 
Published: January 2025

Objectives We aimed to improve patient access to and understanding of information regarding rehabilitation post trauma using patient education videos (PEVs).MethodsWe created 11 PEVs in the Trauma and Orthopaedics Department at Croydon University Hospital which were uploaded to the Official Trust YouTube channel. Quick-response codes were generated from the corresponding links, which were then added to posters and patient information leaflets (PILs). A patient survey created on Microsoft Forms was added to the PILs and given to patients in the clinic to complete after watching the videos.Results 36 patients, aged 18–80 years old, accessed the videos and completed the survey. Prior to watching the videos, only eight patients (22%) felt they had enough information regarding their diagnosis and treatment. All patients reported that they found the videos useful and general feedback mentioned the videos were very helpful and easy to follow.ConclusionThis study validates the utility of PEVs as an adjunct to written and verbal information provided in clinics. In future, PEVs could serve as a suitable and environmentally sustainable alternative to printed leaflets.
Gaps in knowledge and management of iron deficiency in heart failure: a nationwide survey of cardiologists in China
Authors: Su Lina , Li Peizhao , Li Zeng , Chen Zhiping , Hu Dan , An Hui , Sun Lijie , Liu Chuanfen , Wu Manyan , Maimaiti Ailifeire , Su Xiaoling , Lu Zhan , Li Sufang , Lamu Gusang , Wang Xi , Gong Jingjing , Lai Jinsheng , Hao Xiang , Zhou Pei , Zhang Hao , Zhang Yanqing , Su Guangsheng , Liu Wenjie , Xu Bihe , Bai Ming , Liu Yujian , Liu Wanjun , Chen Sizhen , Feng Lina , Liu Jiang , Zhou Ying , Zhao Xuecheng , Meng Zhen , Sun Di , Cao Hong-Shuai , Cao Lulei , Kang Naidan , Zheng Zhaoqi , Zhang Hu , Zheng Jingang , Cleland John G F , Ren Jingyi 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundHeart failure (HF) guidelines recommend routine testing for iron deficiency (ID) and, for those with ID, intravenous iron if the left ventricular ejection fraction is <50%. Guideline adherence to these recommendations by cardiologists in China is unknown.Methods and resultsAn independent academic web-based survey was designed and distributed via social networks to cardiologists across China. Overall, 1342 cardiologists (median age 34 years, IQR 30–39, 51% women) from all provinces of China completed this survey. More than half were unaware of the need to screen for ID in HF and did not do so routinely in their clinical practice. Approximately 80% were not familiar with the diagnostic criteria for ID in HF guidelines, and only 0.8% recognised transferrin saturation <20% as an independent marker of ID. Regarding iron repletion, only 14% preferred intravenous to oral iron for correcting ID compared with 68% favouring oral iron. Three-quarters were unfamiliar with methods for calculating intravenous iron dose. Furthermore, over 80% were unaware that current guidelines only recommend ferric carboxymaltose or ferric derisomaltose for correcting ID. The main barriers to using intravenous iron were lack of knowledge and experience. Despite such poor awareness and practice, most cardiologists were interested in learning more about managing ID in HF.ConclusionsIn this nationwide survey of cardiologists in China, we identified large gaps in both knowledge and management of ID. This survey will help guide the development of educational programmes to improve care for patients with HF and ID in China.
Association between tobacco advertising policies, health warning mandates and adolescents’ exposure to tobacco advertising and warning labels in 80 countries
Authors: Meng Cathy Fan Ying , Bannon Olivia , Laverty Anthony A , Filippidis Filippos T 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundImplementation of tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship (TAPS) bans and of health warning mandates varies by country, and their impact on adolescents’ exposure to tobacco-related messages is not well understood, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries.AimTo explore the association of the implementation of TAPS bans and health warning mandates with the proportion of adolescents exposed to tobacco advertisements and health warnings in 80 countries from 2016 to 2021.MethodsThe proportion of 11–17 years old exposed to tobacco advertising was assessed using Global Youth Tobacco Survey data (80 countries, n=428 347). We conducted country-level multivariable linear regressions to explore the association between these policies and the proportion of adolescents exposed by country.ResultsOf the 80 countries assessed, 39 had implemented a ban on advertising at points of sale, 54 had a ban on free distribution, 44 prohibited the use of tobacco brand names on non-tobacco products and 72 had laws mandating health warnings on cigarette packages. Banning point-of-sale advertisements was associated with 7.8% (95% CI −3.7% to −12.0%) lower exposure to point-of-sale advertisements. There was no significant association between mandating health warnings and the prevalence of exposure to health warnings. We did not find significant associations between bans on the free distribution of tobacco products or labelling non-tobacco products with tobacco brand names with exposure to tobacco advertisements.ConclusionsWe found that, in the context of varying implementation levels, bans on point-of-sale advertisements were associated with lower exposure to advertisements.
Statistical analysis of the fluctuations of an initial-state model with independently distributed hot spots
Authors: Borghini Nicolas , Roch Hendrik , Schütte Alicia 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe determine the uncorrelated modes that characterize the fluctuations in a semi-realistic model for the initial state of high-energy nuclear collisions, consisting of hot spots whose positions are distributed independently. Varying the number of hot spots, their size, and the weights with which they contribute to the initial state, we find that the parameter that has the largest influence on the relative importance of the fluctuation modes is the source size, with more extended hot spots leading to a more marked predominance of the principal modes.
Affect: An Affine Type and Effect System
Authors: van Rooij Orpheas , Krebbers Robbert 
Published: January 2025

Effect handlers form a powerful construct that can express complex programming abstractions. They are a generalization of exception handlers, but allow resumption of the continuation from where the effect was raised. Allowing continuations to be resumed at most once (
one-shot
) or an arbitrary number of times (
multi-shot
) has far-reaching consequences. In addition to performance considerations, multi-shot effects break key rules of reasoning and thus render certain standard transformation/optimizations unsound, especially in languages with mutable references (such as OCaml 5). It is therefore desirable to statically track whether continuations are used in a one-shot or multi-shot discipline, so that a compiler could use this information to efficiently implement effect handlers and to determine what optimizations it may perform. We address this problem by developing a type and effect system–called
Affect
–which uses affine types to track the usage of continuations. A challenge is to soundly deal with advanced programming features—such as references that store continuations and nested continuations—which are crucial to support challenging examples from the effects literature (such as
control inversion
and
cooperative concurrency
). Another challenge is to support generic type signatures of polymorphic effectful functions. We address these challenges by using and extending Rust’s Cell type and Wadler’s
use types
. To prove soundness of Affect we model types and judgements semantically via a logical relation in the Iris separation logic framework in Coq.
Analysis of Exosomal miRNA and Hepatic mRNA Expression in the Dysregulation of Insulin Action in Perimenopausal Mice
Authors: Yang Yu , Chen Yu , Liu Changju , Wang Su , Zhao Yijing , Cao Wen , Wang Kun 
Published: January 2025

Introduction: The aim of present study was to evaluate the impact of perimenopause on insulin resistance. Specifically, insulin sensitivity was assessed in a perimenopausal mouse model treated with 4‐vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD), together with the changes in exosomal miRNA and hepatic mRNA expression profiles.Methods: Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) was utilized to assess the status of insulin resistance, and insulin action was evaluated during menopausal transition. RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) analysis was used to identify altered expression profiles of exosomal miRNAs and hepatic mRNAs. Differentially expressed miRNA (DEM)–differentially expressed gene (DEG) network analyses were also conducted. Furthermore, altered expression levels of these exosomal miRNAs and genes were validated in plasma exosomes and liver tissue of perimenopausal mice.Results: HOMA‐IR in VCD‐treated mice was significantly increased, and hepatic glycogen was significantly decreased. Key exosomal miRNAs (miR‐17‐3p, miR‐134‐5p, miR‐700‐5p, and miR‐6899‐3p) and hepatic genes (G6pdx, Ptpn2, Lepr, Kras, and Braf) may be associated with impaired insulin signaling during perimenopause.Conclusion: The perimenopausal period acts as a potential factor in introducing insulin resistance as evidenced by impaired insulin action and altered expression profiles of exosomal miRNAs and hepatic genes. The present study contributes to the understanding that abnormal cargos carried by plasma exosomes, such as miRNAs, may be related to altered expression of the corresponding genes in the liver and abnormal insulin response.
Ultrasensitive Detection and Monitoring of Circulating Tumor DNA Using Structural Variants in Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Elliott Mitchell J. , Howarth Karen , Main Sasha , Fuentes Antrás Jesús , Echelard Philippe , Dou Aaron , Amir Eitan , Nadler Michelle B. , Shah Elizabeth , Yu Celeste , Bratman Scott , Bird Taylor , Roh June , de Bruin Elza C. , Rushton Christopher , Chen Yilun , Gladchuk Sergii , George Anthony M. , Birkeälv Sofia , Alcaide Miguel , Oton Lucia , Putcha Girish , Woodhouse Samuel , Bedard Philippe L. , Siu Lillian L. , Berman Hal K. , Cescon David W. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose:
The detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) after curative-intent therapy in early-stage breast cancer is highly prognostic of disease recurrence. Current ctDNA assays, mainly targeting single-nucleotide variants, vary in sensitivity and specificity. Although increasing the number of single-nucleotide variants in tumor-informed assays improves sensitivity, structural variants (SV) may achieve similar or better sensitivity without compromising specificity. SVs occur across all cancers, linked to genomic instability and tumorigenesis, with unique tumor- and patient-specific breakpoints occurring throughout the genome. SVs in breast cancer are underexplored, and their potential for ctDNA detection and monitoring has not been fully evaluated.

Experimental Design:
We retrospectively analyzed a tumor-informed SV-based ctDNA assay in a cohort of patients with early-stage breast cancer (n = 100, 568 timepoints) receiving neoadjuvant systemic therapy, evaluating ctDNA dynamics and lead times to clinical recurrence in the postoperative period.

Results:
ctDNA was detected in 96% (91/95) of participants at baseline with a median variant allele frequency of 0.15% (range: 0.0011%–38.7%); of these, 10% (9/91) had a variant allele frequency &lt;0.01%. ctDNA detection at cycle 2 (C2) of neoadjuvant therapy was associated with a higher likelihood of distant recurrence (log-rank P = 0.047) and enhanced residual cancer burden prognostication (log-rank P = 0.041). ctDNA was detected prior to distant recurrence in all cases (100% sensitivity) with a median lead time of 417 days (range: 4–1,931 days).

Conclusions:
These results demonstrate the clinical validity of ultrasensitive ctDNA detection and monitoring using SVs. Prospective trials are required to evaluate ctDNA-guided treatment strategies.