bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immediate placement of one‐piece zirconia implants with or without xenograft into the buccal gap. Soft tissues as secondary outcomes of an experimental in vivo study
Authors: Alves Daniel , Faria‐Almeida Ricardo , Azevedo Alvaro , Liñares Antonio , Muñoz Fernando , Blanco‐Carrion Juan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo histologically evaluate soft tissue healing following immediately placed one‐piece zirconia implant and grafting a xenograft into the buccal gap.Materials and MethodsThe third and fourth premolars (PM3 and PM4) in both quadrants of the mandible of nine dogs were used for this experiment. Those teeth were removed flapless and implants were placed into the distal sockets in a lingual position. In one side of the jaw, the gap between the implant and the socket walls was grafted (test) while no grafting was performed in the contralateral side (control), randomly selected. After 6 months of healing, biopsies were obtained and prepared for histological analysis. Soft tissue measures like supracrestal soft tissue height (STH), length of barrier epithelium (BE), and connective tissue (CTC) were measured at buccal and lingual surfaces.ResultsThe marginal mucosa was in a coronal position on the test side compared with the control side. At the buccal surface, the BE was longer in the test side than in the control side, while the CTC was longer in the control side than in the test side. For the STH (BE + CTC), the difference between the groups was not statistically significant.ConclusionThe placement of a xenograft into the gap between a 1‐piece zirconia implant and the buccal wall in dogs modified the process of soft tissue healing, providing less soft tissue recession. The gap size seems to have a modifying effect on the application of this protocol.
Orexinergic innervations at GABAergic neurons of the lateral habenula mediates the anesthetic potency of sevoflurane
Authors: Zhou Fang , Wang Dan , Li Huiming , Wang Sa , Zhang Xinxin , Li Ao , Tong Tingting , Zhong Haixing , Yang Qianzi , Dong Hailong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimsThe circuitry mechanism associated with anesthesia‐induced unconsciousness is still largely unknown. It has been reported that orexinergic neurons of the lateral hypothalamus (LHA) facilitate the emergence from anesthesia through their neuronal projections to the arousal‐promoting brain areas. However, the lateral habenula (LHb), as one of the orexin downstream targets, is known for its anesthesia‐promoting effect. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore whether and how the orexinergic projections from the LHA to the LHb have a regulatory effect on unconsciousness induced by general anesthesia.MethodsWe applied optogenetic, chemogenetic, or pharmacological approaches to regulate the orexinergicLHA‐LHb pathway. Fiber photometry was used to assess neuronal activity. Loss or recovery of the righting reflex was used to evaluate the induction or emergence time of general anesthesia. The burst‐suppression ratio and electroencephalography spectra were used to measure the anesthetic depth.ResultsWe found that activation of the orexinergicLHA–LHb pathway promoted emergence and reduced anesthetic depth during sevoflurane anesthesia. Surprisingly, the arousal‐promoting effect of the orexinergicLHA‐LHb pathway was mediated by excitation of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD2)‐expressing neurons, but not glutamatergic neurons in the LHb.ConclusionThe orexinergicLHA–LHb pathway facilitates emergence from sevoflurane anesthesia, and this effect was mediated by OxR2 in GAD2‐expressing GABA neurons.
The Puzzle of Belief
Authors: Van Leeuwen Neil , Lombrozo Tania 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe notion of belief appears frequently in cognitive science. Yet it has resisted definition of the sort that could clarify inquiry. How then might a cognitive science of belief proceed? Here we propose a form of pluralism about believing. According to this view, there are importantly different ways to "believe" an idea. These distinct psychological kinds occur within a multi‐dimensional property space, with different property clusters within that space constituting distinct varieties of believing. We propose that discovering such property clusters is empirically tractable, and that this approach can help sidestep merely verbal disputes about what constitutes “belief.”
Did You Get That? Predicting Learners’ Comprehension of a Video Lecture from Visualizations of Their Gaze Data
Authors: Kok Ellen M. , Jarodzka Halszka , Sibbald Matt , van Gog Tamara 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn online lectures, unlike in face‐to‐face lectures, teachers lack access to (nonverbal) cues to check if their students are still “with them” and comprehend the lecture. The increasing availability of low‐cost eye‐trackers provides a promising solution. These devices measure unobtrusively where students look and can visualize these data to teachers. These visualizations might inform teachers about students’ level of “with‐me‐ness” (i.e., do students look at the information that the teacher is currently talking about) and comprehension of the lecture, provided that (1) gaze measures of “with‐me‐ness” are related to comprehension, (2) people not trained in eye‐tracking can predict students’ comprehension from gaze visualizations, (3) we understand how different visualization techniques impact this prediction. We addressed these issues in two studies. In Study 1, 36 students watched a video lecture while being eye‐tracked. The extent to which students looked at relevant information and the extent to which they looked at the same location as the teacher both correlated with students’ comprehension (score on an open question) of the lecture. In Study 2, 50 participants watched visualizations of students’ gaze (from Study 1), using six visualization techniques (dynamic and static versions of scanpaths, heatmaps, and focus maps) and were asked to predict students’ posttest performance and to rate their ease of prediction. We found that people can use gaze visualizations to predict learners’ comprehension above chance level, with minor differences between visualization techniques. Further research should investigate if teachers can act on the information provided by gaze visualizations and thereby improve students’ learning.
Cetylpyridinium chloride cationic finishing improves the dyeing and antibacterial properties of madder dyed cotton
Authors: Dai Yue , Li Hong , Xu Lanjie , Zhang Li , Cai Xiaoyu , Yan Jun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this work, after cationic pretreatment of cotton fabric with cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), the compound of citric acid (CA) and succinic acid (SUA) were used as crosslinking agents to dye cotton fabrics with natural madder dye to improve the dyeing and antibacterial properties and realise the multifunctional finishing of cotton fabric. The effects of mordant dyeing, CA + SUA crosslinked dyeing, and CPC/CA + SUA crosslinked dyeing on the microstructure and properties of cotton fabrics were compared. The dyeing by the three processes occurred primarily in the amorphous zone of the fibres, and all kept the original crystalline form of the cotton. CA + SUA crosslinked dyeing and CPC/CA + SUA crosslinked dyeing increased the thermal stability of the cotton fabric. CPC/CA + SUA crosslinked dyed cotton obtained excellent dyeing results with the colour depth value (K/S) of 12.3 and rubbing fastness and washing fastness of levels 4–5, and the levelness and dye permeability were acceptable. Furthermore, the antibacterial rate against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus reached 99.99%, and the ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) reached 50+. Moreover, the wrinkle recovery angle (WRA) increased by 55% compared with raw cotton. This showed that CPC/CA + SUA crosslinked dyed cotton had excellent antibacterial, anti‐ultraviolet, and anti‐wrinkle performances.
Internet trade of a previously unknown wildlife product from a critically endangered marine fish
Authors: Pytka Jennifer M. , Moore Alec B. M. , Heenan Adel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOnline research methods are increasingly used in conservation science to monitor and collect data on online wildlife trade. Shark‐like rays (Rhinopristiformes) are among the most threatened vertebrates, prized for their high‐value fins while other uses for their derivatives are largely unrecognized in the literature. The bowmouth guitarfish (Rhina ancylostomus) is characterized by ridges of enlarged thorns, sometimes sold as amulets. Listed on the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) Appendix II, the thorn‐market has been ignored and undocumented. Using systematic, retrospective online searches, we recorded 977 bowmouth‐derivatives for sale. In our global and multi‐lingual scope, 97% of products were offered from Thailand, despite prohibited trade. 98% of all products were thorns (USD3‐300) and sold alongside high‐profile CITES‐listed taxa (e.g., tiger claws). Consistent advertisements from 2012 revealed a previously unquantified trade of an often‐neglected marketplace in elasmobranch research. Our findings offer insight into the drivers of the thorn trade, potentially rooted in cultural beliefs. Our accessible research methods can be applied internationally and across species, providing quantitative and qualitative insights on aspects of the wildlife trade of a critically endangered fish. Continued monitoring of online markets, like this study, is necessary to fill critical gaps for informed policy and species‐specific management.
Decomposing trends in bird populations: Climate, life histories and habitat affect different aspects of population change
Authors: Storch David , Koleček Jaroslav , Keil Petr , Vermouzek Zdeněk , Voříšek Petr , Reif Jiří 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimDespite the complexity of population dynamics, most studies concerning current changes in bird populations reduce the trajectory of population change to a linear trend. This may hide more complex patterns reflecting responses of bird populations to changing anthropogenic pressures. Here, we address this complexity by means of multivariate analysis and attribute different components of bird population dynamics to different potential drivers.LocationCzech Republic.MethodsWe used data on population trajectories (1982–2019) of 111 common breeding bird species, decomposed them into independent components by means of the principal component analysis (PCA), and related these components to multiple potential drivers comprising climate, land use change and species' life histories.ResultsThe first two ordination axes explained substantial proportion of variability of population dynamics (42.0 and 12.5% of variation in PC1 and PC2 respectively). The first axis captured linear population trend. Species with increasing populations were characterized mostly by long lifespan and warmer climatic niches. The effect of habitat was less pronounced but still significant, with negative trends being typical for farmland birds, while positive trends characterized birds of deciduous forests. The second axis captured the contrast between hump‐shaped and U‐shaped population trajectories and was even more strongly associated with species traits. Species migrating longer distances and species with narrower temperature niches revealed hump‐shaped population trends, so that their populations mostly increased before 2000 and then declined. These patterns are supported by the trends of total abundances of respective ecological groups.Main ConclusionAlthough habitat transformation apparently drives population trajectories in some species groups, climate change and associated species traits represent crucial drivers of complex population dynamics of central European birds. Decomposing population dynamics into separate components brings unique insights into non‐trivial patterns of population change and their drivers, and may potentially indicate changes in the regime of anthropogenic effects on biodiversity.
Dental patient‐reported outcomes following traumatic dental injuries and treatment: A narrative review
Authors: Nagendrababu Venkateshbabu , Vinothkumar Thilla Sekar , Rossi‐Fedele Giampiero , Doğramacı Esma J. , Duncan Henry F. , Abbott Paul V. , Levin Liran , Lin Shaul , Dummer Paul M. H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDental patient‐reported outcomes (dPROs) are self‐reported descriptions of a patient's oral health status that are not modified or interpreted by a healthcare professional. Dental patient‐reported outcome measures (dPROMs) are objective or subjective measurements used to assess dPROs. In oral healthcare settings, the emphasis on assessing treatment outcomes from the patient's perspective has increased and this is particularly important after traumatic dental injuries (TDIs), as this group of injuries represent the fifth most prevalent disease or condition worldwide. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current use of dPROs and dPROMs in the field of dental traumatology. Oral Health‐Related Quality of Life, pain, swelling, aesthetics, function, adverse effects, patient satisfaction, number of clinical visits and trauma‐related dental anxiety are the key dPROs following TDIs. Clinicians and researchers should consider the well‐being of patients as their top priority and conduct routine evaluations of dPROs using measures that are appropriate, accurate and reflect what is important to the patient. After a TDI, dPROs can assist clinicians and patients to choose the best management option(s) for each individual patient and potentially improve the methodology, design and relevance of clinical studies.
Influence of comorbidity on mortality in patients with epilepsy and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures
Authors: Tan Michael , Pearce Neil , Tobias Aurelio , Cook Mark J. , D'Souza Wendyl J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to determine the contribution of comorbidities to excess psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) mortality.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted of tertiary epilepsy outpatients from St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Australia with an 8:1 comparison cohort, matched by age, sex, and socioeconomic status (SES) to national administrative databases between 2007 and 2017. Privacy‐preserving data linkage was undertaken with the national prescription, National Death Index, and National Coronial Information System. Forty‐five comorbid disease classes were derived by applying the Australian validated RxRisk‐V to all dispensed prescriptions. We fitted Cox proportional hazard models controlling for age, sex, SES, comorbidity, disease duration, and number of concomitant antiseizure medications, as a marker of disease severity. We also performed a parallel forward‐selection change in estimate strategy to explore which specific comorbidities contributed to the largest changes in the hazard ratio.ResultsA total of 13 488 participants were followed for a median 3.2 years (interquartile range = 2.4–4.0 years), including 1628 tertiary epilepsy outpatients, 1384 patients with epilepsy, 176 with PNES, and 59 with both. Eighty‐two percent of epileptic seizures and 92% of typical PNES events were captured in an epilepsy monitoring unit. The age‐/sex‐/SES‐adjusted hazard ratio was elevated for epilepsy (4.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.36–6.68) and PNES (3.46, 95% CI = 1.38–8.68) and remained elevated for epilepsy (3.21, 95% CI = 2.22–4.63) but not PNES (2.15, 95% CI = .77–6.04) after comorbidity adjustment. PNES had more pre‐existing comorbidities (p = .0007), with a three times greater median weighted Rx‐RiskV score. Psychotic illness, opioid analgesia, malignancies, and nonopioid analgesia had the greatest influence on PNES comorbid risk.SignificanceHigher comorbidity appears to explain the excess PNES mortality and may represent either a wider underrecognized somatoform disorder or a psychological response to physical illness. Better understanding and management of the bidirectional relationship of these wider somatic treatments in PNES could potentially reduce the risk of death.
Racial discrimination, depressive symptoms, and parenting in African American families
Authors: Armah Annabelle E. , Lavner Justin A. , Varner Fatima A. , Beach Steven R. H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe goal was to examine direct and indirect associations between racial discrimination and parenting among African American mothers and fathers.BackgroundExperiences of racial discrimination are common among African Americans, with well‐documented effects on individual functioning. Greater attention to associations between racial discrimination and family functioning, including parenting, is needed, as are tests of whether these associations might arise indirectly through depressive symptoms.MethodData from 346 African American families were used to examine correlations between racial discrimination and nurturant involved parenting, consistent discipline, and educational involvement among mothers and fathers, and to examine indirect effect models testing linkages through depressive symptoms.ResultsThere was minimal evidence of significant direct (bivariate) associations between racial discrimination and parenting. There were, however, significant negative indirect effects from racial discrimination to nurturant involved parenting and to consistent discipline through depressive symptoms for mothers and fathers.ConclusionHigher levels of racial discrimination were associated with lower levels of nurturant involved parenting and consistent discipline through higher depressive symptoms.ImplicationsConceptual models describing the effects of racial discrimination on families should integrate indirect effects through individual functioning. Interventions focused on supporting African American parents should address the harmful effects of racial discrimination on individual and family well‐being.
Nitrogen availability mediates soil carbon cycling response to climate warming: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Bai Tongshuo , Wang Peng , Qiu Yunpeng , Zhang Yi , Hu Shuijin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGlobal climate warming may induce a positive feedback through increasing soil carbon (C) release to the atmosphere. Although warming can affect both C input to and output from soil, direct and convincing evidence illustrating that warming induces a net change in soil C is still lacking. We synthesized the results from field warming experiments at 165 sites across the globe and found that climate warming had no significant effect on soil C stock. On average, warming significantly increased root biomass and soil respiration, but warming effects on root biomass and soil respiration strongly depended on soil nitrogen (N) availability. Under high N availability (soil C:N ratio < 15), warming had no significant effect on root biomass, but promoted the coupling between effect sizes of root biomass and soil C stock. Under relative N limitation (soil C:N ratio > 15), warming significantly enhanced root biomass. However, the enhancement of root biomass did not induce a corresponding C accumulation in soil, possibly because warming promoted microbial CO2 release that offset the increased root C input. Also, reactive N input alleviated warming‐induced C loss from soil, but elevated atmospheric CO2 or precipitation increase/reduction did not. Together, our findings indicate that the relative availability of soil C to N (i.e., soil C:N ratio) critically mediates warming effects on soil C dynamics, suggesting that its incorporation into C‐climate models may improve the prediction of soil C cycling under future global warming scenarios.
Do Simple Analytical Models Capture Complex Fractured Bedrock Hydraulics? Oscillatory Flow Tests Suggest Not
Authors: Patterson Jeremy R. , Cardiff Michael 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFractured sedimentary bedrock aquifers represent complex flow systems that may contain fast, fracture‐dominated flow paths and slower, porous media‐dominated flow paths. Thus, characterizing the dynamics of flow and transport through these aquifers remains a fundamental hydrogeologic challenge. Recent studies have demonstrated the utility of a novel hydraulic testing approach, oscillatory flow testing, in field settings to characterize single bedrock fractures embedded in low‐porosity sedimentary bedrock. These studies employed an idealized analytical model assuming Darcian flow through a nondeforming, constant‐aperture, nonleaky fracture for data interpretation, and reported period‐dependent effective fracture flow parameters. Here, we present the application of oscillatory flow testing across a range of frequencies and inter‐well spacings on a fracture embedded in poorly cemented sedimentary bedrock with considerable primary porosity at the Field Site for Research in Fractured Sedimentary Rock. Consistent with previous studies, we show an apparent period‐dependence in returned flow parameters, with hydraulic diffusivity decreasing and storativity increasing with increasing oscillation period, when assuming an idealized fracture conceptual model. We present simple analyses that examine non‐Darcian flow and borehole storage effects as potential test design artifacts and a simple analytical model that examines fluid leakage to the surrounding host rock as a potential hydraulic mechanism that might contribute to the period‐dependent flow parameters. These analyses represent a range of conceptual assumptions about fracture behavior during hydraulic testing, none of which account for the measured responses during oscillatory flow testing, leading us to argue that other hydraulic processes (e.g., aperture heterogeneity and/or fracture hydromechanics) are necessary to accurately represent pressure propagation through fractured sedimentary bedrock.
Incidence and risk factors of falls in patients undergoing hemodialysis: A multicenter survey in northern China
Authors: Liang Junqing , Wang Ying , Zhang Weilin , Ding Hong , Gao Yanjun , Wang Rui , Sun Xiaofei , Peng Ying , Gan Liangying , Zuo Li 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionPatients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) are at a higher risk of falls than healthy individuals. Further knowledge regarding the risk of falls could lead to better risk prevention strategies. We designed a multicenter, prospective cohort study according to the strengthening of the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines to investigate the incidence and risk factors of falls in patients undergoing hemodialysis in Northern China.MethodsPatients undergoing hemodialysis in six hemodialysis units were recruited from January 2019 to January 2020. Data on demographics and disease conditions were collected at baseline. Data on other variables, the incidence of falls, and related conditions were collected every 3 months during a 1‐year follow‐up. The Generalized Estimating Equation model was used to evaluate factors associated with falls.FindingsThis study included 472 patients. The incidence of falls was 0.31 per patient year. In patients aged 45–64 years (p = 0.01; odds ratio [OR]: 14.801; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.897–115.453) and ≥ 65 years (p = 0.007; OR: 16.562; 95% CI: 2.118–129.521), anemia (p = 0.015; OR: 2.122; 95% CI: 1.154–3.902) and moderately (p = 0.003; OR: 5.439; 95% CI: 1.791–16.516) and severely abnormal timed up and go test (TUGT) levels (p = 0.001; OR: 7.032; 95% CI: 2.226–22.216) were identified as independent risk factors of falls.DiscussionFalls are prevalent among patients undergoing in‐center hemodialysis. Advanced age, anemia, and moderately and severely abnormal TUGT levels may be risk factors of falls.