bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Operant novelty seeking predicts cue-induced reinstatement following cocaine but not water reinforcement in male rats
Authors: Gancarz Amy M. , Hagarty Devin P. , Cobb Moriah M. , Kausch Michael A. , Krieg Brandon , Alammari Nora , Gilbert Kameron , Russo Jacqueline , Dietz David M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Rationale
An important facet of cocaine addiction is a high propensity to relapse, with increasing research investigating factors that predispose individuals toward uncontrolled drug use and relapse. A personality trait linked to drug addiction is high sensation seeking, i.e., a preference for novel sensations/experiences. In an animal model of sensation seeking, operant novelty seeking predicts the acquisition of drug self-administration.

Objective
The primary goal of this research was to evaluate the hypothesis that sensitivity to the reinforcing effects of novel sensory stimuli predicts more intensive aspects of drug-taking behaviors, such as relapse.

Methods
Rats were first tested for Operant Novelty Seeking, during which responses resulted in complex visual/auditory stimuli. Next, rats were trained to respond to water/cocaine reinforcers signaled by a cue light. Finally, rats were exposed to extinction in the absence of discrete cues and subsequently tested in a single session of cue-induced reinstatement, during which active responses resulted in cues previously paired with water/cocaine delivery.

Results
The present study showed operant responses to produce novel sensory stimuli positively correlate with responding for cocaine during self-administration and during discrete cue-induced reinstatement, but no association with performance during extinction. A different pattern of associations was observed for a natural reward, in this case, water reinforcement. Here, the degree of novelty seeking also correlated with responding to water reinforcement and extinction responding; however, operant novelty seeking did not correlate with responding to water cues during testing of cue-induced reinstatement. Taken together, the incongruence of relationships indicates an underlying difference between natural and drug reinforcers.

Conclusion
In summary, we found a reinforcer-dependent relationship between operant novelty seeking (i.e., sensation seeking) and responsivity to extinction and discrete cues signaling availability for cocaine (i.e., craving), demonstrating the validity of the operant novelty seeking model to investigate drug seeking and relapse.
A multi-residue method for trace analysis of pesticides in soils with special emphasis on rigorous quality control
Authors: Rösch Andrea , Wettstein Felix E. , Wächter Daniel , Reininger Vanessa , Meuli Reto G. , Bucheli Thomas D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA multi-residue trace analytical method is presented to accurately quantify 146 currently used pesticides in (agricultural) soils with varying soil properties. Pesticides were extracted using an optimized quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) approach and chemical analysis was carried out by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (triple quadrupole). Quantification was based on matrix-matched internal standards calibration, using 95 isotopically labeled analyte analogues. In contrast to the common approach of method validation using soils freshly spiked with analytes shortly before the extraction, our method is additionally validated via an in-house prepared partly aged soil, which contains all target pesticides and via agricultural field soils with native pesticide residues. The developed method is highly sensitive (median method limit of quantification: 0.2 ng/g), precise (e.g., median intra-day and inter-day method precision both ~ 4% based on field soils), and true ((i) quantified pesticide concentrations of the partly aged soil remained stable during 6 months, were close to the initially spiked nominal concentration of 10 ng/g, and thus can be used to review trueness in the future; (ii) median freshly spiked relative recovery: 103%; and (iii) participation in a ring trial: median z-scores close to one (good to satisfactory result)). Its application to selected Swiss (agricultural) soils revealed the presence of in total 77 different pesticides with sum concentrations up to 500 ng/g. The method is now in use for routine soil monitoring as part of the Swiss Action Plan for Risk Reduction and Sustainable Use of Plant Protection Products.
Graphical abstract
Upper Bound on the Regularity of the Lyapunov Exponent for Random Products of Matrices
Authors: Bezerra Jamerson , Duarte Pedro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe prove that if $${\varvec{\mu }}$$

μ

is a finitely supported measure on $${\varvec{SL}}_{\textbf{2}}({\mathbb {R}})$$

SL

2

(
R
)

with positive Lyapunov exponent but not uniformly hyperbolic, then the Lyapunov exponent function is not $${\varvec{\alpha }}$$

α

-Hölder around $${\varvec{\mu }}$$

μ

for any $${\varvec{\alpha }}$$

α

exceeding the Shannon entropy of $${\varvec{\mu }}$$

μ

over the Lyapunov exponent of $${\varvec{\mu }}$$

μ

.
Quantification of P-glycoprotein function at the human blood-brain barrier using [18F]MC225 and PET
Authors: Mossel Pascalle , Arif Wejdan M. , De Souza Giordana Salvi , Varela Lara Garcia , van der Weijden Chris W. J. , Boersma Hendrikus H. , Willemsen Antoon T. M. , Boellaard Ronald , Elsinga Philip H. , Borra Ronald J. H. , Dierckx Rudi A. J. O. , Lammertsma Adriaan A. , Bartels Anna L. , Luurtsema Gert 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is one of the most studied efflux transporters at the blood-brain barrier. It plays an important role in brain homeostasis by protecting the brain from a variety of endogenous and exogeneous substances. Changes in P-gp function are associated both with the onset of neuropsychiatric diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, and with drug-resistance, for example in treatment-resistant depression. The most widely used approach to measure P-gp function in vivo is (R)-[11C]verapamil PET. (R)-[11C]verapamil is, however, an avid P-gp substrate, which complicates the use of this tracer to measure an increase in P-gp function as its baseline uptake is already very low. [18F]MC225 was developed to measure both increases and decreases in P-gp function.

Aim
The aim of this study was (1) to identify the pharmacokinetic model that best describes [18F]MC225 kinetics in the human brain and (2) to determine test-retest variability.

Methods
Five (2 male, 3 female) of fourteen healthy subjects (8 male, 6 female, age 67 ± 5 years) were scanned twice (injected dose 201 ± 47 MBq) with a minimum interval of 2 weeks between scans. Each scanning session consisted of a 60-min dynamic [18F]MC225 scan with continuous arterial sampling. Whole brain grey matter data were fitted to a single tissue compartment model, and to reversible and irreversible two tissue-compartment models to obtain various outcome parameters (in particular the volume of distribution (VT), Ki, and the rate constants K1 and k2). In addition, a reversible two-tissue compartment model with fixed k3/k4 was included. The preferred model was selected based on the weighted Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) score. Test-retest variability (TRTV) was determined to assess reproducibility.

Results
Sixty minutes post-injection, the parent fraction was 63.8 ± 4.0%. The reversible two tissue compartment model corrected for plasma metabolites with an estimated blood volume (VB) showed the highest AIC weight score of 34.3 ± 17.6%. The TRVT of the VT for [18F]MC225 PET scans was 28.3 ± 20.4% for the whole brain grey matter region using this preferred model.

Conclusion
[18F]MC225 VT, derived using a reversible two-tissue compartment model, is the preferred parameter to describe P-gp function in the human BBB. This outcome parameter has an average test-retest variability of 28%.

Trial registration
EudraCT 2020-001564-28. Registered 25 May 2020.
Prognostic utility of RECIP 1.0 with manual and AI-based segmentations in biochemically recurrent prostate cancer from [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET images
Authors: Kendrick Jake , Francis Roslyn J , Hassan Ghulam Mubashar , Rowshanfarzad Pejman , Ong Jeremy SL , McCarthy Michael , Alexander Sweeka , Ebert Martin A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to (i) validate the Response Evaluation Criteria in PSMA (RECIP 1.0) criteria in a cohort of biochemically recurrent (BCR) prostate cancer (PCa) patients and (ii) determine if this classification could be performed fully automatically using a trained artificial intelligence (AI) model.

Methods
One hundred ninety-nine patients were imaged with [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT once at the time of biochemical recurrence and then a second time a median of 6.0 months later to assess disease progression. Standard-of-care treatments were administered to patients in the interim. Whole-body tumour volume was quantified semi-automatically (TTVman) in all patients and using a novel AI method (TTVAI) in a subset (n = 74, the remainder were used in the training process of the model). Patients were classified as having progressive disease (RECIP-PD), or non-progressive disease (non RECIP-PD). Association of RECIP classifications with patient overall survival (OS) was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method with the log rank test and univariate Cox regression analysis with derivation of hazard ratios (HRs). Concordance of manual and AI response classifications was evaluated using the Cohen’s kappa statistic.

Results
Twenty-six patients (26/199 = 13.1%) presented with RECIP-PD according to semi-automated delineations, which was associated with a significantly lower survival probability (log rank p < 0.005) and higher risk of death (HR = 3.78 (1.96–7.28), p < 0.005). Twelve patients (12/74 = 16.2%) presented with RECIP-PD according to AI-based segmentations, which was also associated with a significantly lower survival (log rank p = 0.013) and higher risk of death (HR = 3.75 (1.23–11.47), p = 0.02). Overall, semi-automated and AI-based RECIP classifications were in fair agreement (Cohen’s k = 0.31).

Conclusion
RECIP 1.0 was demonstrated to be prognostic in a BCR PCa population and is robust to two different segmentation methods, including a novel AI-based method. RECIP 1.0 can be used to assess disease progression in PCa patients with less advanced disease.
This study was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12615000608561) on 11 June 2015.
The addition of rituximab to chemotherapy improves overall survival in mantle cell lymphoma—a pooled trials analysis
Authors: Fischer Luca , Jiang Linmiao , Bittenbring Joerg Thomas , Huebel Kai , Schmidt Christian , Duell Johannes , Metzner Bernd , Krauter Juergen , Glass Bertram , Huettmann Andreas , Schaefer-Eckart Kerstin , Silkenstedt Elisabeth , Klapper Wolfram , Hiddemann Wolfgang , Unterhalt Michael , Dreyling Martin , Hoster Eva ,   on behalf of the German Lymphoma Alliance (GLA) and the German Low-Grade Lymphoma Study Group (GLSG)
Published: August 2023

AbstractMantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a distinct subtype of B-cell lymphoma and commonly used induction immunochemotherapies include the anti-CD20 antibody rituximab. However, efficacy data for rituximab regarding overall survival (OS) in first line MCL therapy remain conflicting.We report long-term outcomes of a pooled trials analysis comparing Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicine, Vincristine, Prednisone (CHOP) to R-CHOP in MCL to confirm efficacy on failure free survival (FFS) and OS in relevant subgroups. Untreated, adult MCL patients of two prospective trials assigned to CHOP or R-CHOP were included. Primary endpoints were FFS and OS, secondary endpoints included duration of response (DOR), secondary malignancies and OS after relapse. Between 1996 and 2003, 385 MCL patients were assigned to CHOP (201) or R-CHOP (184). After a median follow-up of 13.4 years, the addition of Rituximab significantly improved FFS (1.36 vs. 2.07 years, HR 0.62 (0.50–0.77)), OS (4.84 vs. 5.81 years, HR 0.78 (0.61–0.99)) and DOR (1.48 vs. 2.08 years, HR 0.67 (0.53–0.86)). Furthermore, Rituximab improved survival across different MCL risk groups. In a post-hoc analysis of OS after relapse comparing patients receiving chemotherapy with / without rituximab, rituximab maintained efficacy with a median OS of 3.10 vs. 2.11 years (HR 0.70, 0.54–0.91). The rate of secondary malignancies was 0.5 and 3.9% for hematological and 7 and 8% for non-hematological malignancies for CHOP and R-CHOP patients, respectively. We present mature results of a pooled MCL cohort, demonstrating prolonged FFS, OS and DOR for the combined immuno-chemotherapy, confirming the standard of care in first line treatment.
Gender differences in self-assessed performance and stress level during training of basic interventional radiology maneuvers
Authors: Reder Sebastian R. , Rohou Annaig , Keric Naureen , Beiser Katja U. , Othman Ahmed E. , Abello Mercado Mario Alberto , Altmann Sebastian , Petrowski Katja , Brockmann Marc A. , Brockmann Carolin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Gender differences have been reported to influence medical training. We investigated gender differences encountered during training in interventional radiology maneuvers.

Methods
Catheter handling was analyzed under standardized conditions in 64 participants naïve to endovascular procedures (26 women, 38 men). Objective (e.g., catheter pathway, catheter movements, required time) and subjective parameters (stress level) were recorded. The NASA-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX; 1–20 points) was used to assess participants’ stress levels and perceived workload.

Results
In the easier tasks, no significant differences between male and female participants regarding catheter handling were observed. In the most complex task, female participants took themselves more time (688 ± 363 vs. 501 ± 230 s; p = 0.02), asked for help more frequently (n = 19 vs. n = 8) and earlier than men (203 ± 94 vs. 305 ± 142 s; p = 0.049), whereas men stood out by more agitated catheter handling (6.0 ± 1.8 vs. 4.8 ± 1.6 movements/s; p = 0.005). Overall, female participants perceived tasks to be more difficult (11.5 ± 4.2 vs. 9.6 ± 3.3; p = 0.016), perceived higher stress levels (8.9 ± 4.9 vs. 6.3 ± 4.4; p = 0.037), and rated their own performance lower (9.12 ± 3.3 vs. 11.3 ± 3.3; p = 0.009). However, female participants were able to correlate self-assessed with objective parameters correctly (r between −0.555 and −0.469; p = 0.004–0.018), whereas male participants failed to correctly rate their performance (p between 0.34 and 0.73). Stress levels correlated with objective parameters in males (r between 0.4 and 0.587; p < 0.005), but not in female participants.

Conclusion
Perceived stress levels, self-evaluation skills, and catheter handling differ greatly between untrained male and female participants trying to solve interventional radiological tasks. These gender-specific differences should be considered in interventional radiology training.

Clinical relevance statement
As psychological aspects may influence individual working strategies gender-specific differences in self-perception while learning interventional radiology maneuvers could be essential regarding success in teaching and treatment outcomes.

Key Points
• After performing standardized training, 38 male and 26 female volunteers showed significant differences regarding objective and self-assessed performance, as well as in perceived workload while performing simulated endovascular catheter maneuvers.
• After solving simulated endovascular radiological tasks, female participants were able to self-assess their objective performance much more accurately than male participants.
• Women took more time to solve simulated endovascular tasks and asked earlier and more frequently for help than men.
Urology: a trip into metaverse
Authors: Randazzo Gianmarco , Reitano Giuseppe , Carletti Filippo , Iafrate Massimo , Betto Giovanni , Novara Giacomo , Dal Moro Fabrizio , Zattoni Fabio 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Metaverse is becoming an alternative world in which technology and virtual experiences are mixed with real life, and it holds the promise of changing our way of living. Healthcare is already changing thanks to Metaverse and its numerous applications. In particular, Urology and urologic patients can benefit in many ways from Metaverse.

Methods
A non-systematic literature review identified recently published studies dealing with Metaverse. The database used for this review was PubMed, and the identified studies served as the base for a narrative analysis of the literature that explored the use of Metaverse in Urology.

Results
Virtual consultations can enhance access to care and reduce distance and costs, and pain management and rehabilitation can find an incredible support in virtual reality, reducing anxiety and stress and improving adherence to therapy. Metaverse has the biggest potential in urologic surgery, where it can revolutionize both surgery planning, with 3D modeling and virtual surgeries, and intraoperatively, with augmented reality and artificial intelligence. Med Schools can implement Metaverse in anatomy and surgery lectures, providing an immersive environment for learning, and residents can use this platform for learning in a safe space at their own pace. However, there are also potential challenges and ethical concerns associated with the use of the metaverse in healthcare.

Conclusions
This paper provides an overview of the concept of the metaverse, its potential applications, challenges, and opportunities, and discusses the implications of its development in Urology.
A hybrid ensemble-based automated deep learning approach to generate 3D geo-models and uncertainty analysis
Authors: Abbaszadeh Shahri Abbas , Chunling Shan , Larsson Stefan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThere is an increasing interest in creating high-resolution 3D subsurface geo-models using multisource retrieved data, i.e., borehole, geophysical techniques, geological maps, and rock properties, for emergency managements. However, dedicating meaningful, and thus interpretable 3D subsurface views from such integrated heterogeneous data requires developing a new methodology for convenient post-modeling analyses. To this end, in the current paper a hybrid ensemble-based automated deep learning approach for 3D modeling of subsurface geological bedrock using multisource data is proposed. The uncertainty then was quantified using a novel ensemble randomly automated deactivating process implanted on the jointed weight database. The applicability of the automated process in capturing the optimum topology is then validated by creating 3D subsurface geo-model using laser-scanned bedrock-level data from Sweden. In comparison with intelligent quantile regression and traditional geostatistical interpolation algorithms, the proposed hybrid approach showed higher accuracy for visualizing and post-analyzing the 3D subsurface model. Due to the use of integrated multi-source data, the approach presented here and the subsequently created 3D model can be a representative reconcile for geoengineering applications.
Revisiting Javal’s rule: a fresh and improved power vector approach according to age
Authors: Salvador-Roger Raquel , Albarrán-Diego César , Garzón Nuria , García-Montero María , Muñoz Gonzalo , Micó Vicente , Esteve-Taboada José J. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The scientific community has established Javal’s rule as a model linking refractive (RA) and keratometric (KA) astigmatism since its appearance more than 100 years ago. The aim was to improve the accuracy of this relationship according to subject’s age by applying the power vector analysis. Posterior corneal curvature has also been studied.

Methods
The IOLMaster 700 optical biometer was used to measure the corneal thickness and the radius of curvature of the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces. Refractive error was determined by a non-cycloplegic subjective refraction process with trial lenses. Linear regression analyses were applied using J0 and J45 power vector components. An evaluation was carried out according to the subject’s age resulting into eight regression relationships for each astigmatic vector component for each relationship.

Results
A total of 2254 right eyes from 2254 healthy subjects were evaluated. A trend towards against-the-rule astigmatism (ATR) was found with aging, both for refractive astigmatism (RA) and keratometric astigmatism (KA), with 95.2% of subjects under 20 years old having with-the-rule (WTR) KA, and only 22.8% above 79 years old. The following regression equations were found between RA and KA: $${J}_0^{\textrm{RA}}$$

J
0
RA

= 0.73 × $${J}_0^{\textrm{KA}}$$

J
0
KA

− 0.18 (R = 0.78) and $${J}_{45}^{\textrm{RA}}$$

J

45

RA

= 0.70 × $${J}_{45}^{\textrm{KA}}$$

J

45

KA

+ 0.04 (R = 0.69) and between RA and total corneal astigmatism (TCA): $${J}_0^{\textrm{RA}}$$

J
0
RA

= 0.73 × $${J}_0^{\textrm{TCA}}$$

J
0
TCA

+ 0.13 (R=0.78) and $${J}_{45}^{\textrm{RA}}$$

J

45

RA

= 0.70 × $${J}_{45}^{\textrm{TCA}}$$

J

45

TCA

− 0.06 (R = 0.68) for the whole sample, but with sensible differences among age groups, both in the slope and in the intercept.

Conclusion
Ignoring the age of the subject when using Javal’s rule could lead to an error in the final cylinder calculation that would increase in high astigmatisms. Applying this new power vector approach based on subject’s age could improve the accuracy of the astigmatism prediction.
Short-term outcomes and costs analysis of robotic-assisted versus laparoscopic cholecystectomy—a retrospective single-center analysis
Authors: Gantschnigg Antonia , Koch Oliver Owen , Singhartinger Franz , Tschann Peter , Hitzl Wolfgang , Emmanuel Klaus , Presl Jaroslav 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Robotic-assisted surgery is an alternative technique for patients undergoing minimal invasive cholecystectomy (CHE). The aim of this study is to compare the outcomes and costs of laparoscopic versus robotic CHE, previously described as the major disadvantage of the robotic system, in a single Austrian tertiary center.

Methods
A retrospective single-center analysis was carried out of all patients who underwent an elective minimally invasive cholecystectomy between January 2010 and August 2020 at our tertiary referral institution. Patients were divided into two groups: robotic-assisted CHE (RC) and laparoscopic CHE (LC) and compared according to demographic data, short-term postoperative outcomes and costs.

Results
In the study period, 2088 elective minimal invasive cholecystectomies were performed. Of these, 220 patients met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. One hundred ten (50%) patients underwent LC, and 110 patients RC. There was no significant difference in the mean operation time between both groups (RC: 60.2 min vs LC: 62.0 min; p = 0.58). Postoperative length of stay was the same in both groups (RC: 2.65 days vs LC: 2.65 days, p = 1). Overall hospital costs were slightly higher in the robotic group with a total of €2088 for RC versus €1726 for LC.

Conclusions
Robotic-assisted cholecystectomy is a safe and feasible alternative to laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Since there are no significant clinical and cost differences between the two procedures, RC is a justified operation for training the whole operation team in handling the system as a first step procedure. Prospective randomized trials are necessary to confirm these conclusions.