bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of the digital divide on emergency remote student-centred learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case study of journalism education
Authors: Nkoala Sisanda , Matsilele Trust 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper explores the emergency remote learning experiences of journalism students. It discusses how disparities in access to digital tools and participation in online learning, caused by the digital divide, influenced how some benefitted from the student-centred learning approaches adopted while others could not. The study seeks to answer this question: To what extent did the digital divide influence the experiences of journalism students with emergency remote student-centred learning adopted due to the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic? The study uses Van Dijk’s theory of the usage gap to argue that the unequal access to digital technologies experienced by some students brought about unequal participation in learning. This is despite the use of more student-centred approaches, which, according to existing literature, are supposed to foster greater engagement and participation. The data consisted of 113 vlogs created by second and third-year students from the Cape Peninsula University of Technology in Cape Town, South Africa, between June 1, 2020, and June 30, 2020.
Eruditing from indigenous adaptation strategies for resilient and sustainable coastal erosion management in southeastern Ghana
Authors: Gbedemah Shine Francis 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGhana is witnessing an increase in the construction of coastal flood defence walls on its coast but the effects of the coastal defence on people have not been well documented. This paper explores two issues: (1) indigenous strategies for preventing sea erosion and (2) the effects the modern coastal flood defence structures constructed along the southeastern coast of Ghana are having on the people. This study provides new insights into the understanding of indigenous methods that were used to address coastal flooding in the eastern section of Ghana and the effects the modern coastal defence structures are having on the people. Through multiphase sampling, a sample of 282 residents living in 17 communities affected by sea erosion in the Keta, Anloga, and Ada East District Assemblies where coastal defence structures were constructed were selected. Questionnaires were administered to these 282 respondents. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were also held in three communities, namely Keta, Atorkor and Totepe where coastal defence structures were constructed. The planning officers of the 3 district assemblies, the chief fishermen in the 3 communities where the FGDs were held, leaders of salt winners and 3 elders in each community were the key informants. Using descriptive statistics, the study revealed that, indigenous strategies like filling the beach with sand, building away from the seashore, and raising the foundations of buildings were used to protect the houses and communities from sea erosion but these strategies are no longer working thereby forcing the government to construct ‘modern’ coastal flood defence wallson the coast. The ‘modern’ coastal defence structures are in some places protecting the people and the land since they no longer experience sea erosion on a large scale. However, in places where armour rocks are used to protect the land, people now see them as preventing them from enjoying the natural beach as they used to and as a hindrance to their livelihoods of fishing. It is recommended that, as far as possible, soft engineering strategies like beach nourishment or sand dunes which are in line with the indigenous methods be used since they can lead to easy adaptation for sustainability.
The Brazilian (Non)perspective on national strategy for artificial intelligence
Authors: Filgueiras Fernando , Junquilho Tainá Aguiar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article examines the design dynamics and process of the Brazilian National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (EBIA). We argue that Brazil has a long history of policies for digital development, covering a range of policies that encourage research and development and deploy AI-based digital technologies in industry and governments. Specifically for the AI policy, we analyze how these policies are fragmented into different initiatives without an approach to integrating the instruments and their mixes. We analyze how and why the Brazilian National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence design fails to implement and create an integrated perspective of these policies. This perspective for AI policy in Brazil results in fragmentation and failures to involve actors in the formulation and implementation process. The article concludes that the Brazilian perspective for artificial intelligence, emerging with EBIA, reproduces a situation of path dependence without promoting significant policy changes for the development and application of this technology in society.
Numerical simulation on exploring influencing factors of wind-driven natural ventilation effect in large indoor dock
Authors: Li Jialu , Deng Hui , Pan Xinyu , Zeng Fanxing , Gao Naiping 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe shipbuilding industry is booming and the health problems of workers caused by the harsh indoor dock environment force us to explore efficient and reasonable ventilation methods suitable for large workshops. Due to the strong specificity of large workshops, general or local ventilation methods cannot be universally applied. It has great potential and good economy to improve indoor environment by changing natural ventilation design. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has gradually become a powerful tool for predicting indoor and outdoor airflow organization and optimizing indoor ventilation. This paper adopts CFD to study the effect of the inflow wind speed, the position of the side wall shutters, the area ratio and form of roof ventilators on the effectiveness of natural ventilation in a large shipyard driven by wind pressure. The results show that the influence on total ventilation volume is more obvious when the intake side is shaded than the exhaust side. Different incoming wind speeds will affect the wind pressure at the ventilation position, which is the decisive external factor affecting the natural ventilation of docks. When the area ratio of roof ventilators increases to a certain extent, its continued increase has an insignificant effect on the total ventilation volume. The influence of changing the arrangement of the roof ventilator on the natural ventilation effect can be neglected when the area ratio is kept constant.
Design for communication: how do demonstrators demonstrate technology?
Authors: Bobbe Tina , Opeskin Lenard , Lüneburg Lisa-Marie , Wanta Helge , Pohlmann Joshwa , Krzywinski Jens 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The importance of inter- and transdisciplinary research for addressing today’s complex challenges has been increasingly recognised. This requires new forms of communication and interaction between researchers from different disciplines and nonacademic stakeholders. Demonstrators constitute a crucial communication tool in technology research and development and have the potential to leverage communication between different bodies of knowledge. However, there is little knowledge on how to design demonstrators. This research aims to understand how demonstrators from the fields Internet of Things and Robotics are designed to communicate technology. The goal is to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of demonstrator practice with readily implemented design knowledge and to advance theoretical knowledge in the field of communicating artefacts. We thematically analysed 28 demonstrator design cases, which led to a typology that assists in categorising and understanding 13 key design principles. The typology is built from three perspectives: First, in terms of the overall goal communication, second, in terms of visitor engagement goals (attraction, initial engagement, deep engagement) and third, in terms of resource-related goals (low effort in development and operation). With this typology, we have taken a significant step towards understanding demonstrator design principles for effective technology communication between different stakeholders.
Social divisions and risk perception drive divergent epidemics and large later waves
Authors: Harris Mallory J. , Cardenas Kimberly J. , Mordecai Erin A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
During infectious disease outbreaks, individuals may adopt protective measures like vaccination and physical distancing in response to awareness of disease burden. Prior work showed how feedbacks between epidemic intensity and awareness-based behaviour shape disease dynamics. These models often overlook social divisions, where population subgroups may be disproportionately impacted by a disease and more responsive to the effects of disease within their group. We develop a compartmental model of disease transmission and awareness-based protective behaviour in a population split into two groups to explore the impacts of awareness separation (relatively greater in- vs. out-group awareness of epidemic severity) and mixing separation (relatively greater in- vs. out-group contact rates). Using simulations, we show that groups that are more separated in awareness have smaller differences in mortality. Fatigue (i.e. abandonment of protective measures over time) can drive additional infection waves that can even exceed the size of the initial wave, particularly if uniform awareness drives early protection in one group, leaving that group largely susceptible to future infection. Counterintuitively, vaccine or infection-acquired immunity that is more protective against transmission and mortality may indirectly lead to more infections by reducing perceived risk of infection and therefore vaccine uptake. Awareness-based protective behaviour, including awareness separation, can fundamentally alter disease dynamics.
Social media summary: Depending on group division, behaviour based on perceived risk can change epidemic dynamics & produce large later waves.
In vitro characterization of anti-inflammatory activities of 3RS, 7R, 11R-phytanic acid
Authors: Nakanishi Tomonori , Izumi Mikihisa , Suzuki Ryoji , Yamaguchi Kohta , Sugamoto Kazuhiro , Erickson Laurie , Kawahara Satoshi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe aim of the research described here was to investigate the in vitro immunomodulatory effects of 3RS, 7R, 11R-phytanic acid (3RS-PHY) from the perspective of efficacy against autoimmune diseases. 3RS-PHY is a milk component with strong agonist activity at the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR). As PPAR is a therapeutic target for several human diseases, 3RS-PHY intake may have possible health benefits. Recently, we chemically synthesized a preparation of 3RS-PHY and demonstrated that 3RS-PHY inhibited T-cell production of interferon (IFN)-γ. However, the overall immunomodulatory effects were not evaluated. In this study, mouse splenocytes, purified T-cells and B-cells were stimulated by mitogens and incubated with 3RS-PHY, followed by evaluation of cytokine and antibody production. A macrophage-like cell line J774.1 was also incubated with 3RS-PHY to evaluate nitric oxide production. 3RS-PHY decreased mRNA levels not only of IFN-γ but also of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-10 and IL-17A in splenocytes and similar effects were confirmed at the protein level. In addition, 3RS-PHY had a direct action on T-cells with preferential inhibitory effects on Th1 and Th17 cytokines such as IFN-γ and IL-17A. Furthermore, 3RS-PHY suppressed antibody secretion by B-cells and nitric oxide production by J774.1 almost completely, indicating that 3RS-PHY is a bioactive fatty acid with anti-inflammatory properties. These findings encourage further investigations, including in vivo experiments, to evaluate whether 3RS-PHY actually shows the potential to prevent autoimmune diseases, and provide basic information to produce milk and dairy products with an increased 3RS-PHY concentration.
Women and the Rwandan gacaca courts: gender, genocide and justice
Authors: Brewer Beth 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article examines the gacaca trials of women accused of perpetrating the Rwandan genocide, asking whether and how ideas about their gender impacted their defences, testimonies and experiences as defendants. It uses court reports of the trials of 91 accused women; a set of sources that provides novel insights into the role of gender in an African transitional justice system. These sources reveal that ideas about gender – particularly female peacefulness and passivity – were commonly invoked by both accused women and wider trial participants. These gendered ideas not only helped women to achieve acquittals, but they also contributed to the Rwandan state's construction of a ‘truth’ narrative that ordinary Rwandan women are not capable of genocide violence. Additionally, women's trials reveal a further function of the gacaca process: as a political tool that made moral judgements about contemporary Rwandan women's domestic roles and place within the household.
What’s in a Name? An Examination of Current Definitions of Resource Churches
Authors: Shepherd Jack 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article is the first in a trilogy exploring the concept of resource churches, providing a starting point to develop a comprehensive understanding of their implications for the Church of England. The scene is set by introducing the impact of this recent model of church planting, which has become widespread since the ambitious programme of church development in London in the 1990s. This opening piece examines understanding of what constitutes a resource church and identifies flaws in the existing definition. The existence of resource churches as a distinct model is demonstrated by comparison to concepts of hub churches, megachurches, minster churches and resourcing churches. The need to discuss such distinctions provides evidence that an unambiguous definition for ‘resource church’ is needed. Evaluation of the five core elements in Bishop Ric Thorpe’s definition of resource churches establishes the need for research to determine beliefs and practices of current resource churches.
The first Late Permian fish fossils from Leszczyna quarry in South-West Poland
Authors: DANKINA Darja , SPIRIDONOV Andrej , RACZYŃSKI Paweł , RADZEVIČIUS Sigitas , ANTCZAK Mateusz 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTPermian fishes and their isolated microremains are known from many localities in the Zechstein Basin. However, up to date the vertebrates have never been revealed in the southeasternmost part of this ancient sea. The new material consists of euselachian-type dermal denticles,?Listracanthus sp. dermal denticle,?Omanoselache sp. tooth, actinopterygian scales and actinopterygian teeth. Here, the detailed study of euselachian and actinopterygian remains, their stratigraphic distribution and geographical contexts is presented. Based on the qualitative analysis of teeth shapes several ecomorphotypes were described as well as the probable dietary preferences of fishes were reconstructed. These finds confirmed existence of small predators who fed on soft bodied prey as well as durophagous forms which were feeding on small shelly crustaceans or molluscs. The analysis of stratigraphic distribution of microremains, and their comparison with neighbouring sections revealed a spatially correlatable trend in increasing abundance of fishes in the more clayey parts of sections, interpreted to be positively associated with a sea level transgression event.
Nicotine exposure during breastfeeding alters the expression of endocannabinoid system biomarkers in female but not in male offspring at adulthood
Authors: Miranda Rosiane Aparecida , Rodrigues Vanessa Silva Tavares , Peixoto Thamara Cherem , Manhães Alex C. , de Moura Egberto Gaspar , Lisboa Patricia Cristina 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEarly nicotine exposure compromises offspring’s phenotype at long-term in both sexes. We hypothesize that offspring exposed to nicotine during breastfeeding show deregulated central and peripheral endocannabinoid system (ECS), compromising several aspects of their metabolism. Lactating rats received nicotine (NIC, 6 mg/Kg/day) or saline from postnatal day (PND) 2 to 16 through implanted osmotic minipumps. Offspring were analyzed at PND180. We evaluated protein expression of N-acylphosphatidylethanolamide-phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD), fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), diacylglycerol lipase (DAGL), monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) and cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and/or CB2) in lateral hypothalamus, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, liver, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), adrenal and thyroid. NIC offspring from both sexes did not show differences in hypothalamic ECS markers. Peripheral ECS markers showed no alterations in NIC males. In contrast, NIC females had lower liver DAGL and CB1, higher VAT DAGL, higher adrenal NAPE-PLD and higher thyroid FAAH. Endocannabinoids biosynthesis was affected by nicotine exposure during breastfeeding only in females; alterations in peripheral tissues suggest lower action in liver and higher action in VAT, adrenal and thyroid. Effects of nicotine exposure during lactation on ECS markers are sex- and tissue-dependent. This characterization helps understanding the phenotype of the adult offspring in this model and may contribute to the development of new pharmacological targets for the treatment of several metabolic diseases that originate during development.
Vulnerability of Estuarine Systems in the Contiguous United States to Water Quality Change Under Future Climate and Land‐Use
Authors: Montefiore L. R. , Nelson N. G. , Staudinger M. D. , Terando A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractChanges in climate and land‐use and land‐cover (LULC) are expected to influence surface water runoff and nutrient characteristics of estuarine watersheds, but the extent to which estuaries are vulnerable to altered nutrient loading under future conditions is poorly understood. The present work aims to address this gap through the development of a new vulnerability assessment framework that accounts for (a) estuarine exposure to projected changes in total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) loads as a function of LULC and climate change under several scenarios, (b) sensitivity, and (c) adaptive capacity. The framework was applied to 112 estuaries and their contributing watersheds across the contiguous U.S., specifically to look at regional variability in estuarine vulnerability to nutrient loading. Study findings revealed that the largest increases in estuarine nutrient loads are expected in the North and South Atlantic regions and eastern Gulf of Mexico, while the lowest increases are expected in the North and South Pacific regions and the western Gulf of Mexico. However, the North Atlantic and the South Pacific had the highest adaptive capacity, which could potentially counteract the effects of LULC and climate change on nutrient loads. Strong variation in predicted estuarine nutrient loads was observed as a function of climate model projections, while projected LULC changes were more consistently associated with elevated loads. Our findings illustrate the benefits of integrating natural and socio‐ecological factors to identify opportunities to develop adaptation plans and policies to mitigate ecological degradation in vitally important estuaries.
Annually Resolved Propagation of CFCs and SF6 in the Global Ocean Over Eight Decades
Authors: Cimoli Laura , Gebbie Geoffrey , Purkey Sarah G. , Smethie William M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOceanic transient tracers, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and sulfur‐hexafluoride (SF6), trace the propagation of intermediate‐to‐abyssal water masses in the ocean interior. Their temporal and spatial sparsity, however, has limited their utility in quantifying the global ocean circulation and its decadal variability. The Time‐Correction Method (TCM) presented here is a new approach to leverage the available CFCs and SF6 observations to solve for the Green's functions (GFs) describing the steady‐state transport from the surface to the ocean interior. From the GFs, we reconstruct global tracer concentrations (and associated uncertainties) in the ocean interior at annual resolution (1940–2021). The spatial resolution includes 50 neutral density levels that span the water column along World Ocean Circulation Experiment/Global Ocean Ship‐Based Hydrographic Investigations Program lines. The reconstructed tracer concentrations return a global view of CFCs and SF6 spreading into new regions of the interior ocean, such as the deep north‐western Pacific. For example, they capture the southward spreading and equatorial recirculation of distinct North Atlantic Deep Water components, and the spreading of CFC‐rich Antarctic Bottom Water out of the Southern Ocean and into the North Pacific, East Indian, and West Atlantic. The reconstructed tracer concentrations fit the data in most locations (∼75%), indicating that a steady‐state circulation holds for the most part. Discrepancies between the reconstructed and observed concentrations offer insight into ventilation rate changes on decadal timescales. As an example, we infer decadal changes in Subantartic Mode Water (SAMW) and find an increase in SAMW ventilation from 1992 to 2014, highlighting the skill of the TCM in leveraging the sparse tracer observations.
Novel causative variants of VEXAS in UBA1 detected through whole genome transcriptome sequencing in a large cohort of hematological malignancies
Authors: Sakuma Maki , Blombery Piers , Meggendorfer Manja , Haferlach Claudia , Lindauer Markus , Martens Uwe M. , Kern Wolfgang , Haferlach Torsten , Walter Wencke 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUBA1 is an X-linked gene and encodes an ubiquitin-activating enzyme. Three somatic mutations altering the alternative start codon (M41) in UBA1 in hematopoietic precursor cells have recently been described, resulting in a syndrome of severe inflammation, cytopenias, and the presence of intracellular vacuoles in hematopoietic precursors - termed VEXAS syndrome, a predominantly male disease. Here we present a patient with clinical features of VEXAS who harbored two novel somatic variants in UBA1 (I894S and N606I). To better understand the clinical relevance and biological consequences of non-M41 (UBA1non-M41) variants, we analyzed the whole genome and transcriptome data of 4168 patients with hematological malignancies and detected an additional 16 UBA1non-M41 putative somatic variants with a clear sex-bias in patients with myeloid malignancies. Patients diagnosed with myeloid malignancies carrying UBA1non-M41 putative somatic variants either had vacuoles or immunodysregulatory symptoms. Analysis of the transcriptome confirmed neutrophil activation in VEXAS patients compared to healthy controls but did not result in a specific transcriptomic signature of UBA1M41 patients in comparison with MDS patients. In summary, we have described multiple putative novel UBA1non-M41 variants in patients with various hematological malignancies expanding the genomic spectrum of VEXAS syndrome.