bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Waterpipe Tobacco (Hookah) Use in Pregnancy: Associations with Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy
Authors: Whelan Anna R. , Gimovsky Alexis C. , Jao Nancy C. , Werner Erika F. , Vergara-Lopez Chrystal , Stroud Laura R. 
Published: February 2023

Objective Waterpipe tobacco (WPT) use is common among reproductive age patients and is often perceived as safer than cigarette use. Prior studies have shown a decrease in nausea and vomiting symptoms among pregnant women who use cigarettes, but no studies to date have examined these symptoms in pregnant women who use WPT. This study was aimed to investigate the extent of symptoms of nausea/vomiting of pregnancy among participants who self-reported WPT use during pregnancy.Study Design Secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study examining WPT use during pregnancy. Participants completed the Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis (PUQE) during first and third trimesters. Medical conditions were determined by medical record review. Participants were evaluated by sole WPT use versus dual/polysubstance WPT use and frequency of WPT use.Results Ninety-nine (100%) participants completed the PUQE questionnaire during first trimester and 82 (82.8%) completed the PUQE during third trimester. Almost all (91.9%) participants reported moderate nausea/vomiting symptoms at both assessments. There was no difference in frequency of WPT use in pregnancy or rates of dual/polysubstance WPT use in participants with all levels of the PUQE questionnaire. There was also no difference in rates of WPT use or PUQE scores between sole WPT users and dual/polysubstance users. When comparing low and high WPT use, those who were in the higher frequency use group had higher waterpipe dependence scale scores (7.2 vs. 5.3, p < 0.02). With regard to maternal medical comorbidities, the only difference between groups was that sole WPT users were more likely to have a diagnosis of asthma than dual/polysubstance users (36.8 vs. 14.9%, p < 0.02).Conclusion There were no differences in symptoms of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy or medical conditions in pregnant women who use WPT with any frequency during pregnancy. However, sole WPT users had higher rates of asthma than dual/polysubstance WPT users.Key Points
Decreasing the Newborn Birth Hospitalization Length of Stay
Authors: Groening Portia , Silver Ellen J. , Nemerofsky Sheri L. 
Published: February 2023

Objectives This study aimed to determine our ability to shorten birth hospitalization length of stay (LOS) in which patient characteristics were associated with early discharge and had effects on early newborn readmission rate.
Study Design Retrospective chart review of births from April 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020, was considered for this study. Delivery mode and maternal and newborn characteristics were evaluated for effect on discharge timing. Hospital readmissions within 7 days of discharge were reviewed.
Results In total, 845 out of 1,077 total live births were included in the study population. Five hundred and eighty-nine (69.7%) newborns were discharged early (<48 hours after vaginal delivery [VD] and <72 hours after cesarean delivery [CS]). Factors associated with early discharge included 79.8% CS (p < 0.001), 84% birth after 2 p.m. (p < 0.001), 71.2% no diagnosis of maternal diabetes (p = 0.02), and 70.6% negative maternal coronavirus disease 2019 (p = 0.01). The overall 7-day readmission rate was 1.2 and 0.5% for newborns discharged early after VD.
Conclusion Most newborns can be discharged early without increasing newborn readmission.
Key Points
Synthesis of γ-Aryl Medium-Sized Cyclic Enones by a Domino 4π-Electrocyclic Reaction/Heck–Matsuda Arylation Sequence at Ambient Temperature
Authors: Takasu Kiyosei , Ito Tomohiro , Takeuchi Nao , Yamaoka Yousuke , Takikawa Hiroshi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBicyclo[n.2.0]cyclobutenes were transformed into medium-sized cyclic γ-aryl enones by using a cationic aryl palladium(II) species generated from a diazonium salt. The reaction proceeded at ambient temperature by capturing the cis,trans-cycloalkadiene intermediate generated through a conrotatory 4π-electrocyclic ring-opening reaction, followed by a Heck–Matsuda arylation sequence. Optically pure γ-aryl enones were also synthesized by using a point-to-planar-to-point chirality-transfer process.
CN-Doped Cobalt Oxide Composite: An Economic and Reusable Catalyst with Multitasking Catalytic Capability for Alkyne and Nitrile Hydrations and Nitro Reductions
Authors: Joshi Raj Kumar , Srivastava Avinash K. , Khandaka Himanshu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA heterogeneous CoOCN composite was synthesized via a one-pot reaction of [Co(NO3)2] and urea at 500 °C in a muffle furnace. The composite was fully characterized by FTIR, Raman, powder XRD, and XPS techniques. The catalyst was found to be efficient for the hydrations of aryl alkynes and nitriles under aerobic conditions. In addition, the catalyst exhibits high catalytic performance for the reduction of nitroarenes under inert gas-free conditions. This multitasking CoOCN composite was found to be highly suitable for all derivatives of nitrobenzene, alkynes, and nitriles because good to excellent yields were obtained. The catalyst was recovered quantitatively from the reaction mixture by simple filtration and consequently reused for seven consecutive cycles in all reactions without significant loss of catalytic activity. Hence, the synthesized CN-doped CoOCN composite worked as a multitasking catalyst for various value-added organic transformations, and it is highly economical and reusable for up to seven catalytic cycles without any activation, with even the last cycle producing reasonable yields of up to 48–50%.
Comprehensive Assessment of Lower-Face Volume Reduction Using Laser-Assisted Liposuction as an Additive Procedure in Asian Rhytidectomy
Authors: Han Chung Hee , Li Jun , Lin Xiaoyan , Park Jae Hyun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe most important factor that distinguishes a youthful appearance from an aged one is the shape of the lower face. This study aimed to examine the outcome of volume reduction of the lower face using laser-assisted liposuction (SmartLipo) at the time of rhytidectomy in Asians. There were 20 patients (Group 1) for whom only extended deep-plane rhytidectomy were performed, while extended deep-plane rhytidectomy with laser-assisted liposuction was performed on 42 patients (Group 2). This study was performed retrospectively. The FACE-Q questionnaire was given to evaluate the subjective result of the patient. Efficacy was evaluated by measuring the fat quantity at the midpoint and anterior border of the masseter muscle on each side by using an ultrasound scan in Group 2. Then, the correlation between the change in the quantity of fat and the FACE-Q was investigated. The overall satisfaction, and satisfaction for the lower face, jawline, and the area under the chin were significantly higher for Group 2 for which the procedure was concurrently performed in comparison to Group 1. In Group 2, change in the fat was reduced by 21.2% (Rt.) and 22.5% (Lt.) at the mid-point and 24.5% (Rt.) and 26.4% (Lt.) at the anterior border of the masseter muscle. Changes in the fat quantity and lower face satisfaction displayed a significant correlation. With a greater reduction in fat quantity, the score of lower face satisfaction was higher. In addition, with a higher level of satisfaction for the lower face and jawline, the overall satisfaction score displayed a higher positive correlation. Laser-assisted liposuction was useful for the additive procedure at the time of rhytidectomy and improved patient's satisfaction after surgery.
Roadmap for the exposé of radiation flows (Xflows) experiment on NIF
Authors: Johns Heather M. , Byvank Tom , Robey Harry , Urbatsch Todd , Coffing Shane , Fryer Christopher L. , Perry Theodore S. , Kozlowski Pawel M. , Fontes Christopher J. , Love Kevin , Meyerhofer D. D. , Dodd Evan S. , Opachich Yekaterina P. , Kot Lynn , Heeter Robert F. , Finnegan Sean 
Published: February 2023

The goal of the Xflows experimental campaign is to study the radiation flow on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) reproducing the sensitivity of the temperature (±8 eV, ±23 μm) and density (±11 mg/cc) measurements of the COAX platform [Johns et al., High Energy Density Phys. 39, 100939 (2021); Fryer et al., High Energy Density Phys. 35, 100738 (2020); and Coffing et al., Phys. Plasmas 29, 083302 (2022)]. This new platform will enable future astrophysical experiments involving supernova shock breakout, such as Radishock (Johns et al., Laboratory for Laser Energetics Annual Report 338, 2020) on OMEGA-60 [Boehly et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 508 (1995)], and stochastic media (such as XFOL on OMEGA). Greater energy and larger physical scale on NIF [Moses et al., Eur. Phys. J. D 44, 215 (2007)] will enable a greater travel distance of radiation flow, higher density, and more manufacturable foams and enable exploration of a greater range of radiation behavior than achievable in the prior OMEGA experiments. This publication will describe the baseline configuration for the Xflows experimental campaign and the roadmap to achieve its primary objectives.
Measurement of 2D density profiles using a second-harmonic, dispersion interferometer
Authors: Chavez C. T. , Egly A. , Sepulveda I. , Wessel F. J. 
Published: February 2023

A second-harmonic, dispersion interferometer is used to image large-area (≃5 cm2) plasma-jet and gas-jet density profiles. Achromatic telescopes magnify the diameters of the primary-laser beam (1064 nm) and its second-harmonic (532 nm) before probing the sample and de-magnify the beam diameters after the sample, where the primary beam transfers its phase change to a second, second-harmonic beam, allowing the sample’s dispersive-phase change to be measured between two, orthogonally polarized second harmonic beams. The telescopes produce an azimuthally symmetric, dispersive-phase shift in the sample + background phase-change image and in the background phase-change image, which is removed by digital subtraction. The interferometer’s performance was verified using standard-optical components as dispersive elements (BK7 lenses and wedge plates), resolving a minimum, phase-change sensitivity of Δϕmin ≳ 15 mrad and spatial resolution of Δxres ≃ 100 μm. The phase change produced by unknown-density objects (a pulsed-plasma-jet and a pulsed-gas-jet) was measured, and their data were used to recover the original, 2D density profiles using an inverse Abel transform: peak-number density, Ngas ≃ 6 × 1020 cm−3 and Ne ≃ 5 × 1016 cm−3; line-integrated density, ∫Ngasdl ∼ 2 × 1019cm−2 and ∫Nedl ∼ 1 × 1016cm−2. The techniques and methods developed here are scalable to even larger probe-beam diameters and frame-capture rates, leading to a diagnostic capability that is well-suited for applications involving the real-time measurement of density.
High voltage nanosecond pulse generator based on pseudospark switch and diode opening switch
Authors: Deng Zichen , Yuan Qi , Chang Ran , Ding Zhenjie , Ding Weidong , Ren Linyuan , Wang Yanan 
Published: February 2023

With the development of technology, low-temperature plasma plays an increasingly important role in industrial applications. The industrial application of low-temperature plasma has the following requirements for plasma, high electron energy, low macroscopic temperature, and uniformity. Low-temperature plasma driven by nanosecond pulses reflects more significant advantages in these aspects compared to direct current plasma and alternating current plasma. In this paper, a simple topology is proposed, which is based on the pseudospark switch and the diode opening switch. A pulse generator is developed, which can eventually output pulses with an amplitude of 106 kV, a rise time of 15.5 ns, a pulse width of 46 ns, and a maximum repetition rate of 1 kHz on a 260 Ω resistive load. The pulse generator can successfully drive needle-plate discharge plasma in ambient air. It has excellent parameters, stability, compactness, and a long lifetime. The proposed topology may be helpful for nanosecond pulse generators with amplitude ranging from tens to hundreds of kilovolts, which could be widely used in industry.
Breakdown of clonal cooperative architecture in multispecies biofilms and the spatial ecology of predation
Authors: Wucher Benjamin R. , Winans James B. , Elsayed Mennat , Kadouri Daniel E. , Nadell Carey D. 
Published: February 2023

Biofilm formation, including adherence to surfaces and secretion of extracellular matrix, is common in the microbial world, but we often do not know how interaction at the cellular spatial scale translates to higher-order biofilm community ecology. Here we explore an especially understudied element of biofilm ecology, namely predation by the bacteriumBdellovibrio bacteriovorus. This predator can kill and consume many different Gram-negative bacteria, includingVibrio choleraeandEscherichia coli.V. choleraecan protect itself from predation within densely packed biofilm structures that it creates, whereasE. colibiofilms are highly susceptible toB. bacteriovorus. We explore how predator–prey dynamics change whenV. choleraeandE. coliare growing in biofilms together. We find that in dual-species prey biofilms,E. colisurvival underB. bacteriovoruspredation increases, whereasV. choleraesurvival decreases.E. colibenefits from predator protection when it becomes embedded within expanding groups of highly packedV. cholerae. But we also find that the ordered, highly packed, and clonal biofilm structure ofV. choleraecan be disrupted ifV. choleraecells are directly adjacent toE. colicells at the start of biofilm growth. When this occurs, the two species become intermixed, and the resulting disordered cell groups do not block predator entry. Because biofilm cell group structure depends on initial cell distributions at the start of prey biofilm growth, the surface colonization dynamics have a dramatic impact on the eventual multispecies biofilm architecture, which in turn determines to what extent both species survive exposure toB. bacteriovorus.
Provocative euphemism in pornographic film titles
Authors: Crespo-Fernández Eliecer 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFollowing a critical discourse-analytic approach, this study explores the role of euphemistic language in a corpus of titles of pornographic films designed for heterosexual male consumption that were nominated and awarded in the different categories of the AVN (Adult Video News) Awards, also known as “Oscars of Porn”, from 2015 to 2020. The analysis demonstrates that provocative euphemism contributes to the discursive representation of gender and sexual stereotypes that fall under a dominant heteronormative discourse in which female characters are represented both as victims of male dominance and as perverted, sex-crazed animals. This study also reveals that in the context of male supremacy that straight pornography seems to exalt, the sexist and misogynistic connotations that euphemistic references carry are used with a strategic purpose intended to attract the interest of pornography consumers, stimulate their curiosity, and ultimately make them buy, rent or stream the film.
How to do gender with names
Authors: Lind Miriam 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMost trans people change their name in accordance to their gender in the process of transitioning. The decision for a new name can take place at any stage during an individual’s exploration of their identity, typically coming into use when the individual comes out to others and asks to be addressed with this new name. Whether or not this new name is accepted and adopted by others is not only a matter of time, but correlates to the acceptance of the “new” gender and thus of a person’s right to change their name.This article offers an analysis of trans name change announcements as performative speech acts and analyses the reactions to this name change, i.e. the acceptance or refusal of this new name, in relation to the speech act’s felicity conditions.
Worrying about your future
Authors: Li Heng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAccording to the Temporal Focus Hypothesis, people’s sagittal mental space-time mappings are conditioned by their temporal-focus attention. Based on this, it can be predicted that, by virtue of their future-oriented thinking, individuals with high anxiety should be more likely to think about time according to the future-in-front mapping than those with low anxiety. Utilizing a combined correlational and experimental approach, we found converging evidence for this prediction. Studies 1 and 2 found that individuals higher in dispositional anxiety and state anxiety, who characteristically worry about the future, were more likely to conceptualize the future as in front of them and the past as behind than individuals lower in dispositional anxiety and state anxiety. Study 3 showed that participants who were induced with anxiety mood tended to map the future on a frontal position, compared to those in the baseline condition. These findings shed further light on the Temporal Focus Hypothesis, thus providing the first experimental evidence that emotional experience can influence people’s temporal-focus attention in determining their metaphorical sagittal orientation of time.
Modular vs. diagrammatic reasoning
Authors: Bobrova Angelina , Pietarinen Ahti-Veikko 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Mercier and Sperber (MS) have ventured to undermine an age-old assumption in logic, namely the presence of
premise-conclusion structures, in favor of two novel claims: that reasoning is an evolutionary product of a reason-intuiting
module in the mind, and that theories of logic teach next to nothing about the mechanisms of how inferences are drawn in that
module. The present paper begs to differ: logic is indispensable in formulating conceptions of cognitive elements of reasoning,
and MS is no less exempt from taking notice of premise-conclusion structures than the commonplace theories of reasoning are. Our
counterclaim is realized in terms of diagrammatic reasoning dating back to Charles Peirce’s pragmaticism. The upshot is that
pragmatist logic restores the premise-conclusion structures in argumentation, supplants reason-intuition module with logical
content, and validates good reasoning as an indispensable resource evident to all rational minds that claim ownership of reason
and understanding.
Proton FLASH effects on mouse skin at different oxygen tensions
Authors: Zhang Qixian , Gerweck Leo E , Cascio Ethan , Yang Qingyuan , Huang Peigen , Niemierko Andrzej , Bertolet Alejandro , Nesteruk Konrad Pawel , McNamara Aimee , Schuemann Jan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective. Irradiation at FLASH dose rates (>40 Gy s−1) has received great attention due to its reported normal tissue sparing effect. The FLASH effect was originally observed in electron irradiations but has since been shown to also occur with both photon and proton beams. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the tissue sparing at high dose rates, including effects involving oxygen, such as depletion of oxygen within the irradiated cells. In this study, we investigated the protective role of FLASH proton irradiation on the skin when varying the oxygen concentration. Approach. Our double scattering proton system provided a 1.2 × 1.6 cm2 elliptical field at a dose rate of ∼130 Gy s−1. The conventional dose rate was ∼0.4 Gy s−1. The legs of the FVB/N mice were marked with two tattooed dots and fixed in a holder for exposure. To alter the skin oxygen concentration, the mice were breathing pure oxygen or had their legs tied to restrict blood flow. The distance between the two dots was measured to analyze skin contraction over time. Main results. FLASH irradiation mitigated skin contraction by 15% compared to conventional dose rate irradiation. The epidermis thickness and collagen deposition at 75 d following 25 to 30 Gy exposure suggested a long-term protective function in the skin from FLASH irradiation. Providing the mice with oxygen or reducing the skin oxygen concentration removed the dose-rate-dependent difference in response. Significance. FLASH proton irradiation decreased skin contraction, epidermis thickness and collagen deposition compared to standard dose rate irradiations. The observed oxygen-dependence of the FLASH effect is consistent with, but not conclusive of, fast oxygen depletion during the exposure.
Real-time liver tumor localization via combined surface imaging and a single x-ray projection
Authors: Shao Hua-Chieh , Li Yunxiang , Wang Jing , Jiang Steve , Zhang You 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective. Real-time imaging, a building block of real-time adaptive radiotherapy, provides instantaneous knowledge of anatomical motion to drive delivery adaptation to improve patient safety and treatment efficacy. The temporal constraint of real-time imaging (<500 milliseconds) significantly limits the imaging signals that can be acquired, rendering volumetric imaging and 3D tumor localization extremely challenging. Real-time liver imaging is particularly difficult, compounded by the low soft tissue contrast within the liver. We proposed a deep learning (DL)-based framework (Surf-X-Bio), to track 3D liver tumor motion in real-time from combined optical surface image and a single on-board x-ray projection. Approach. Surf-X-Bio performs mesh-based deformable registration to track/localize liver tumors volumetrically via three steps. First, a DL model was built to estimate liver boundary motion from an optical surface image, using learnt motion correlations between the respiratory-induced external body surface and liver boundary. Second, the residual liver boundary motion estimation error was further corrected by a graph neural network-based DL model, using information extracted from a single x-ray projection. Finally, a biomechanical modeling-driven DL model was applied to solve the intra-liver motion for tumor localization, using the liver boundary motion derived via prior steps. Main results. Surf-X-Bio demonstrated higher accuracy and better robustness in tumor localization, as compared to surface-image-only and x-ray-only models. By Surf-X-Bio, the mean (±s.d.) 95-percentile Hausdorff distance of the liver boundary from the ‘ground-truth’ decreased from 9.8 (±4.5) (before motion estimation) to 2.4 (±1.6) mm. The mean (±s.d.) center-of-mass localization error of the liver tumors decreased from 8.3 (±4.8) to 1.9 (±1.6) mm. Significance. Surf-X-Bio can accurately track liver tumors from combined surface imaging and x-ray imaging. The fast computational speed (<250 milliseconds per inference) allows it to be applied clinically for real-time motion management and adaptive radiotherapy.