bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective N‐formylation of Amines with CO2 in Anaerobic Fermentation Gas Catalyzed by Triply Synergistic Effect of Ionic Porous Organic Polymer
Authors: Tang Xiao‐Yu , Liu Jing , Chen Pei‐Bo , Wu Chan‐Cui , Li Xue‐Jun , Pan Ying‐Ming , Liang Ying 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe anaerobic fermentation gas (AFG) with CO2 removed is a sustainable energy resource, and converting CO2 in AFG to value‐added chemicals can kill two birds with one stone. Herein, an ionic porous organic polymer (IPOP‐3) catalyst, with triply synergistic effect of its hydroxide anions, nitrogen activation sites and porous structure, is synthesized. IPOP‐3 exhibits an excellent ability to enrich and convert 50 vol.% CO2 by the reactions with various amines into corresponding formamides. The catalyst is also successfully applied to the N‐formylation of CO2 in AFG, and can be easily recovered and reused. The plausible mechanism for the catalytic N‐formylation is proposed. The hydroxide anion in IPOP‐3 activates the Si−H bond of phenyl silane which reacts with the captured CO2 to form formate anion to facilitate the subsequent conversion into formamide. Our work provides a new idea for the purification of AFG and the resource utilization of CO2.
Fast Motions Dominate Dynamics of Intrinsically Disordered Tau Protein at High Temperatures
Authors: Abyzov Anton , Mandelkow Eckhard , Zweckstetter Markus , Rezaei‐Ghaleh Nasrollah 
Published: December 2022

AbstractReorientational dynamics of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) contain multiple motions often clustered around three motional modes: ultrafast librational motions of amide groups, fast local backbone conformational fluctuations and slow chain segmental motions. This dynamic picture is mainly based on 15N NMR relaxation studies of IDPs at relatively low temperatures where the amide‐water proton exchange rates are sufficiently small. Less is known, however, about the dynamics of IDPs at more physiological temperatures. Here, we investigate protein dynamics in a 441‐residue long IDP, tau protein, in the temperature range from 0–25 °C, using 15N NMR relaxation rates and spectral density analysis. While at these temperatures relaxation rates are still better described in terms of amide group librational motions, local backbone dynamics and chain segmental motions, the temperature‐dependent trend of spectral densities suggests that the timescales of fast backbone conformational fluctuations and slower chain segmental motions might become inseparable at higher temperatures. Our data demonstrate the remarkable dynamic plasticity of this prototypical IDP and highlight the need for dynamic studies of IDPs at multiple temperatures.
High‐Tc 1D Phase‐Transition Semiconductor Photoluminescent Material with Broadband Emission
Authors: Ying Ting‐Ting , Wan Ming‐Yang , Wang Fang‐Xin , Zhang Yu , Tang Yun‐Zhi , Tan Yu‐Hui , Liao Juan , Wang Li‐Juan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOne dimensional (1D) organic‐inorganic halide hybrid perovskites have the advantages of excellent organic cation modifiability and diversity of inorganic framework structures, which cannot be ignored in the development of multi‐functional phase‐transition materials in photoelectric and photovoltaic devices. Here, we have successfully modified and synthesized an organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskite photoelectric multifunctional phase‐transition material: [C7H13ONCH2F]⋅PbBr3 (1). The synergistic effect of the order double disorder transition of organic cations and the change of the degree of distortion of the inorganic framework leads to its high temperature reversible phase‐transition point of Tc=374 K/346 K and its ultra‐low loss high‐quality dielectric switch response. Through in‐depth research and calculation, compound 1 also has excellent semiconductor characteristics with a band gap of 3.06 eV and the photoluminescence characteristics of self‐trapped exciton (STE) broadband emission. Undoubtedly, this modification strategy provides a new choice for the research field of organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskite reversible phase‐transition photoelectric multifunctional materials with rich coupling properties.
A Widely Applicable and Versatile Method for the Ring‐Opening 1,3‐Carbocarbonation of Donor‐Acceptor Cyclopropanes
Authors: von Köller Heinrich F. , Jones Peter G. , Werz Daniel B. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA 1,3‐carbocarbonation of 2‐substituted cyclopropane 1,1‐dicarboxylates introduces various saturated or unsaturated carbon residues at the 1‐ and 3‐ position of the former three‐membered ring. Under copper catalysis, ring‐opening attack with a Grignard reagent proceeded smoothly; the intermediate was converted to the final product by reaction with appropriate carbon‐based electrophiles under basic conditions. As nucleophiles, Grignard reagents derived from sp3‐, sp2‐, and sp‐hybridized carbon residues were successfully employed, whereas various aliphatic bromides and EBX derivatives (for sp moieties) served as electrophiles.
Two Dimensional Triptycene End‐Capping and Its Influence on the Self‐Assembly of Quinoxalinophenanthrophenazines†
Authors: Roß Lisa , Reitemeier Julius , Ghalami Farhad , Zhang Wen‐Shan , Gross Jürgen H. , Rominger Frank , Elbert Sven M. , Schröder Rasmus , Elstner Marcus , Mastalerz Michael 
Published: December 2022

Comprehensive SummaryIn this report we investigated two‐dimensionally triptycene end‐capped QPPs in terms of their solution and solid‐state behavior. For this purpose, a triphenylene based ortho‐diamine decorated with two triptycenyl units as well as a phenylene diamine with two non‐annulated triptycene units have been synthesized. Sequences of condensation reactions with a pyrene‐based tetraketone and ortho‐diamines yielded a series of QPPs and UV/Vis investigations of the corresponding compounds led to the conclusion, that the QPPs form dimers in solution, which was further supported by MALDI‐TIMS‐TOF‐MS. Single‐crystal X‐ray analysis of the triply and quadruply triptycene end‐capped QPPs furthermore showed short π‐π‐distances of 3.3—3.4 Å and a perfect shape match during the dimerization of the triply triptycenyl end‐capped QPP making it possible synthon for crystal engineering.
Diverse boards and firm performance: The role of environmental, social and governance disclosure
Authors: Fayyaz Um‐E‐Roman , Jalal Raja Nabeel‐Ud‐Din , Venditti Michelina , Minguez‐Vera Antonio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe present study examines the relationship between the diverse board of directors and firm performance using a panel data sample of the top 73 EU nonfinancial sustainable firms across 13 countries from 2016 to 2020 based on the Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI). We specifically examine the impact of structural (board independence) and demographical (age, gender, education, tenure and industry experience) board diversity on firm performance. Drawing on the agency and resource base perspective, the results indicate that firms with a diverse board of directors (structural and demographic) perform significantly better with firm performance. Additionally, when viewed through the lens of stakeholder theory, the findings indicate that environmental, social and governance disclosure (ESG) moderates and partially mediates the relationship between the diverse board of directors and firm performance. We also performed robust checks to validate our results. Diversity contributes to a firm's understanding of its market and, as a result, its overall performance. The current study demonstrates a considerable gap between the theoretical and empirical support for various board indicators (structural and demographic), their relationship to performance, and how ESG acts as an intervening element in increasing firm financial performance.
Single cell and immunity: Better understanding immune cell heterogeneities with single cell sequencing
Authors: Chen Dongsheng , Luo Yonglun , Cheng Genhong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSingle‐cell sequencing has scientific impacts on better understanding the immunity. There is a rapid development in single cell‐based databases and analytic tools to provide the potential of clinical and translational discovery. The understanding of single‐cell based immunity needs a strong program and solid evidence of preclinical and clinical validation and evaluation. The current special topic issue on single cell and immunity aimed to provide a strong communication for the progress of single cell‐based studies on immune cell functional diversity in development and disease. The topic has a clear scope on the application of single cell sequencing to better understand immune cell heterogeneities, functions, cell–cell interactions, responses and regulatory roles in systems immunology and diseases.
‘Different people, different backgrounds, different identities’: Filling the vacuum created by policy views of ‘cultural capital’
Authors: Bates Gareth , Connolly Steve 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe notion of cultural capital, defined in its Arnoldian sense, of “the best that has been thought and said”, has been at the centre of the Conservative government's education policy for the last few years in England. While it is clear that this version of cultural capital – different from the sense in which it was used by Pierre Bourdieu, who popularised the term – has been deployed to valorise certain types of social, educational and cultural knowledge, it is not clear at all what use teachers make of the term or indeed, how they view it. This article presents data from an evaluation of a programme for disadvantaged students in English primary and secondary schools that sought to make a focus on cultural capital, and tries to assess how teachers perceive and use the term. The article posits that teachers see exhortations to accumulate cultural capital as part of their role, but in much broader terms than the government does, and that they seek to fill the “vacuum” created by the current policy perspective on cultural capital.
Characterization of a novel Hoxa5eGFP mouse line
Authors: Li Mu‐Hang , Kuetemeyer Julia M. , Yallowitz Alisha R. , Wellik Deneen M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundHox genes encode transcription factors that are important for establishing the body plan. Hoxa5 is a member of the mammalian Hox5 paralogous group that regulates the patterning and morphology of the cervical‐thoracic region of the axial skeleton. Hoxa5 also plays crucial functions in lung morphogenesis.ResultsWe generated a Hoxa5eGFP reporter mouse line using CRISPR technology, allowing real‐time visualization of Hoxa5 expression. Hoxa5eGFP recapitulates reported embryonic Hoxa5 mRNA expression patterns. Specifically, Hoxa5eGFP can be visualized in the developing mouse neural tube, somites, lung, diaphragm, foregut, and midgut, among other organs. In the stomach, posteriorly biased Hoxa5eGFP expression correlates with a drastic morphological reduction of the corpus in Hox5 paralogous mutants. Expression of Hoxa5eGFP in the lung continues in all lung fibroblast populations through postnatal and adult stages.ConclusionsWe identified cell types that express Hoxa5 in postnatal and adult mouse lungs, including various fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells. This reporter line will be a powerful tool for studies of the function of Hoxa5 during mouse development, homeostasis, and disease processes.
Evaluating the efficacy of a consumer‐centric method for ecological sampling: Using bonobo (Pan paniscus) feeding patterns as an instrument for tropical forest characterization
Authors: Wessling Erin G. , Samuni Liran , Mundry Roger , Pascual Miguel Adan , Lucchesi Stefano , Kambale Bienfait , Surbeck Martin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCharacteristics of food availability and distribution are key components of a species' ecology. Objective ecological surveying used in animal behavior research does not consider aspects of selection by the consumer and therefore may produce imprecise measures of availability. We propose a method to integrate ecological sampling of an animal's environment into existing behavioral data collection systems by using the consumer as the surveyor. Here, we evaluate the consumer‐centric method (CCM) of assessing resource availability for its ability to measure food resource abundance, distribution, and dispersion. This method catalogs feeding locations observed during behavioral observation and uses aggregated data to characterize these ecological metrics. We evaluated the CCM relative to traditional vegetation plot surveying using accumulated feeding locations across 3 years visited by a tropical frugivore, the bonobo (Pan paniscus), and compared it with data derived from over 200 vegetation plots across their 50 km2+ home ranges. We demonstrate that food species abundance estimates derived from the CCM are comparable to those derived from traditional vegetation plot sampling in less than 2 years of data collection, and agreement improved when accounting for aspects of consumer selectivity in objective vegetation plot sampling (e.g., tree size minima). Density correlated between CCM and plot‐derived estimates and was relatively insensitive to home range inclusion and other species characteristics, however, it was sensitive to sampling frequency. Agreement between the methods in relative distribution of resources performed better across species than expected by chance, although measures of dispersion correlated poorly. Once tested in other systems, the CCM may provide a robust measure of food availability for use in relative food availability indices and can be incorporated into existing observational data collection. The CCM has an advantage over traditional sampling methods as it incorporates sampling biases relevant to the consumer, thereby serving as a promising method for animal behavioral research.
Drivers of species richness and beta diversity of fishes in an Afrotropical intermittent river system
Authors: Schmidt Ray C. , Woods Taylor , Nyingi Wanja D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTropical freshwater ecosystems are some of the most threatened systems yet remain understudied relative to temperate systems. Here, we look at the drivers of community structure of fishes in a tropical and intermittent system in central Kenya. We conducted monthly samples within the upper Northern Ewaso Ng'iro to assess variation in community composition and abiotic characteristics. We analyzed species richness along the longitudinal gradient, computed beta diversity within the system, relative contributions of each site, and partitioned beta diversity metrics into nestedness and turnover components. We found that, similar to temperate intermittent systems, species richness varied along the longitudinal gradient, nestedness contributions to beta diversity exceeded those of turnover, and environmental and spatial variables determined patterns of beta diversity. Sites at the highest and lowest ends of the species richness gradient showed the highest contributions to beta diversity, suggesting sites important for preservation or restoration initiatives, respectively. With ongoing water extraction and conflict over resources throughout the region, this study highlights the need for further investigations of the effects of multiple stressors on biodiversity patterns and ecosystem functioning in tropical stream communities.
Exploring links between climatic predictability and the evolution of within‐ and transgenerational plasticity
Authors: Halali Sridhar , Saastamoinen Marjo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn variable environments, phenotypic plasticity can increase fitness by providing tight environment‐phenotype matching. However, adaptive plasticity is expected to evolve only when the future selective environment can be predicted based on the prevailing conditions. That is, the juvenile environment should be predictive of the adult environment (within‐generation plasticity) or the parental environment should be predictive of the offspring environment (transgenerational plasticity). Moreover, the environmental predictability can also shape transient responses such as stress response in an adaptive direction. Here, we test links between environmental predictability and the evolution of adaptive plasticity by combining time series analyses and a common garden experiment using temperature as a stressor in a temperate butterfly (Melitaea cinxia). Time series analyses revealed that across season fluctuations in temperature over 48 years are overall predictable. However, within the growing season, temperature fluctuations showed high heterogeneity across years with low autocorrelations and the timing of temperature peaks were asynchronous. Most life‐history traits showed strong within‐generation plasticity for temperature and traits such as body size and growth rate broke the temperature‐size rule. Evidence for transgenerational plasticity, however, was weak and detected for only two traits each in an adaptive and non‐adaptive direction. We suggest that the low predictability of temperature fluctuations within the growing season likely disfavors the evolution of adaptive transgenerational plasticity but instead favors strong within‐generation plasticity.
Geranium sylvaticum increases pollination probability by sexually dimorphic flowers
Authors: Soininen Jaakko O. S. , Kytöviita Minna‐Maarit 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSexual dimorphism is expressed as different morphologies between the sexes of a species. Dimorphism is pronounced in gynodioecious populations which consist of female and hermaphrodite individuals. The small size of female flowers in gynodioecious species is often explained by resource re‐allocation to seed production instead of large flowers. However, pollinator attraction is critical to female fitness, and factors other than resource savings are needed to explain the small size of female flowers. We hypothesized that the floral size dimorphism in the perennial gynodioecious Geranium sylvaticum (L.) is adaptive in terms of pollination. To test this “pollination hypothesis,” we video recorded the small female and large hermaphrodite G. sylvaticum flowers. We parameterized floral visitor behavior when visiting a flower and calculated pollination probabilities by a floral visitor as the probability of touching anther and stigma with the same body part. Pollination probability differed in terms of flower sex and pollinator species. Bumblebees had the highest pollination probability. The small female flowers were more likely to receive pollen via several pollinator groups than the large hermaphrodite flowers. The pollen display of hermaphrodites matched poorly with the stigma display of hermaphrodites, but well with that of females. Although the small size of female flowers is commonly explained by resource re‐allocation, we show that sexual dimorphism in flower size may increase the main reproductive functions of the females and hermaphrodites. Dimorphism increases pollination probability in females and fathering probability of the hermaphrodites likely driving G. sylvaticum populations towards dioecy.
Drone imagery protocols to map vegetation are transferable between dryland sites across an elevational gradient
Authors: Roser Anna , Enterkine Josh , Requena‐Mullor Juan M. , Glenn Nancy F. , Boehm Alex , de Graaff Marie‐Anne , Clark Patrick E. , Pierson Fred , Caughlin T. Trevor 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe structure and composition of plant communities in drylands are highly variable across scales, from microsites to landscapes. Fine spatial resolution field surveys of dryland plants are essential to unravel the impact of climate change; however, traditional field data collection is challenging considering sampling efforts and costs. Unoccupied aerial systems (UAS) can alleviate this challenge by providing standardized measurements of plant community attributes with high resolution. However, given widespread heterogeneity in plant communities in drylands, and especially across environmental gradients, the transferability of UAS imagery protocols is unclear. Plant functional types (PFTs) are a classification scheme that aggregates the diversity of plant structure and function. We mapped and modeled PFTs and fractional photosynthetic cover using the same UAS imagery protocol across three dryland communities, differentiated by a landscape‐scale gradient of elevation and precipitation. We compared the accuracy of the UAS products between the three dryland sites. PFT classifications and modeled photosynthetic cover had highest accuracies at higher elevations (2241 m) with denser vegetation. The lowest site (1101 m), with more bare ground, had the least agreement with the field data. Notably, shrub cover was well predicted across the gradient of elevation and precipitation (~230–1100 mm/year). UAS surveys captured the heterogeneity of plant cover across sites and presented options to measure leaf‐level composition and structure at landscape levels. Our results demonstrate that some PFTs (i.e., shrubs) can readily be detected across sites using the same UAS imagery protocols, while others (i.e., grasses) may require site‐specific flight protocols for best accuracy. As UAS are increasingly used to monitor dryland vegetation, developing protocols that maximize information and efficiency is a research and management priority.
Accelerated formation of iodine vacancies in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskites: The impact of oxygen and charges
Authors: Li Qihua , Gaastra‐Nedea Silvia , Smeulders David , Tao Shuxia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDefects in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskites, oxygen species in the air, and local charges play a significant role in the long‐term stability of perovskites. However, the interplay of these factors are complex and their role in the degradation of perovskites at the atomistic level is not well understood. By using density functional theory calculations and chemical bonding analysis, we study the effect of oxygen and local charges on the degradation of perovskites. We find that the easier formation of I vacancies upon oxygen and the accelerated degradation of CH3NH3PbI3 by excess electrons via the formation of peroxide species. The creation of peroxide disintegrates the lattice of perovskites on the surfaces and possibly induces a cascade of degradation reactions that eventually destruct the perovskite lattices. We further demonstrate that the addition of holes are beneficial to prevent the formation of the peroxide, therefore can potentially improve the stability of the perovskites.image
The depth of semantic processing modulates cross‐language pattern similarity in Chinese–English bilinguals
Authors: Li Huiling , Cao Ying , Chen Chuansheng , Liu Xiaoyu , Zhang Shuo , Mei Leilei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPrevious studies have investigated factors related to the degree of cross‐language overlap in brain activations in bilinguals/multilinguals. However, it is still unclear whether and how the depth of semantic processing (a critical task‐related factor) affects the neural pattern similarity between native and second languages. To address this question, 26 Chinese–English bilinguals were scanned with fMRI while performing a word naming task (i.e., a task with shallow semantic processing) and a semantic judgment task (i.e., a task with deep semantic processing) in both native and second languages. Based on three sets of representational similarity analysis (whole brain, ROI‐based, and within‐language vs. cross‐language semantic representation), we found that select regions in the reading brain network showed higher cross‐language pattern similarity and higher cross‐language semantic representations during deep semantic processing than during shallow semantic processing. These results suggest that compared to shallow semantic processing, deep semantic processing may lead to greater language‐independent processing (i.e., cross‐language semantic representation) and cross‐language pattern similarity, and provide direct quantitative neuroimaging evidence for cognitive models of bilingual lexical memory.