bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and psychometric analysis: Fluoride varnish parent attitude, belief scale1
Authors: Tayhan Ali , Çetinkaya Aynur 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a scale to determine parents’ attitudes and beliefs regarding fluoride varnish.Design and methodsThis study had a cross‐sectional design and was conducted between 2019 and 2021. A total of 810 parents were included in the study sample. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), discriminant validity, and convergent validity methods were used to estimate the scale validity. For reliability, the Cronbach alpha coefficient, item‐total correlation coefficients, and test–retest method were used.ResultsAs a result of psychometric analysis, the scale was found to have a three‐factor structure. The factor loads of the items were between 0.838 and 0.715. The three‐factor construct showed a good fit in confirmatory factor analysis (X2(41): 110.06, p <.001; RMSEA: 0.065; RMSR, 0.02; GFI, 0.95; and NFI, 0.94). Cronbach's α coefficient on the scale was 0.85. The item‐total correlation of the scale was found to be between 0.355 and 0.626. The test–retest intra‐class correlation coefficient of the scale was 0.72.ConclusionsThis study suggests that the developed scale is a reliable tool to evaluate the attitudes and beliefs of parents toward fluoride varnish. It is thought that the scale will make a contribution to public health.
Overexpression of JsFLS5 in calli improves salinity tolerance by maintaining active oxygen balance and reducing Na+ toxicity in Juglans sigillata
Authors: Wei Rong , Hao Zhenkun , Huang Dong , Wang Ruipu , Pan Xuejun , Zhang Wen'e 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe escalating global climate change significantly threatens plant growth, development, and production through salinity stress. Flavonoids, a crucial category of secondary metabolites, have been extensively studied for their role in modulating plant growth and development mechanisms in the face of biological and abiotic stress. The flavonol synthetase (FLS) gene plays a key role in the biosynthesis and accumulation of flavonoids. To investigate the correlation between salt tolerance and flavonol synthesis, JsFLS5 was overexpressed in the callus of Juglans sigillata cv. “Qianhe‐7.” This study shows that the upregulation of JsFLS5 significantly elevates the overall flavonoid content by modulating the expression of genes associated with flavonoid synthesis under salinity stress conditions. Additionally, the overexpressing callus exhibited enhanced resistance to salt stress compared to the wild‐type callus, as evidenced by reduced levels of reactive oxygen species accumulation, electrolyte leakage, and malondialdehyde content in the overexpressing callus relative to the wild type (WT). Moreover, the overexpressing callus showed higher antioxidant enzyme activity and a more efficient ascorbic acid‐glutathione cycle. Furthermore, the concentration of Na+ in the overexpressing callus was lower than WT, resulting in a decreased Na+/K+ ratio. These findings suggest that JsFLS5 overexpression in calli effectively mitigates the oxidative damage induced by osmotic stress and reduces Na+ toxicity by enhancing flavonoid synthesis under salt stress conditions. Consequently, this study offers a novel perspective for comprehending the role of JsFLS5 in the response to abiotic stress in J. sigillata.
Lifeworld hermeneutics: An approach and a method for research on existential issues in caring science
Authors: Palmér Lina , Nyström Maria , Karlsson Katarina 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and aimThe aim of the present article was to elaborate on a research approach and method called ‘lifeworld hermeneutics’. Significant to lifeworld hermeneutics is that interpretation is the main methodological instrument for explaining and understanding existential research questions and lived experiences. From a caring science perspective, this often refers to research that aims to gain a deeper understanding of existential phenomena and issues, such as existential meaning of health, well‐being, homelessness, lostness, suffering and ageing, as well as what it means to experience unhealthiness and illness, the need for care, and caring that responds to such needs.DesignTheoretical paper.ResultThe article briefly covers ontology and epistemology that clarifies the meaning and importance of a lifeworld hermeneutic attitude. This is followed by suggestions for how to perform a lifeworld hermeneutic study, expressed in relation to methodological principles for the interpretation, validation and structuring of interpretations. Thereafter, follow reflections on how to use theoretical or philosophical support to develop and deepen existential interpretations. The findings of lifeworld hermeneutic research consist of existential interpretations where the researcher, with an open and pliable attitude towards the phenomenon and the aim of the study, clarifies, explains and suggests new ways of understanding participants’ lived experiences; the researcher should maintain such an attitude towards their understanding of the phenomenon as well.ConclusionThe lifeworld hermeneutical approach and method described in this article makes it possible to further deepen the understanding and knowledge about existential issues that is relevant for caring and caring science.
Ultrasound skills teaching in UK medical education: A systematic review
Authors: McCormick Emer , Flanagan Brendan , Johnson Christopher D. , Sweeney Eva M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundSonography is increasingly integrated into medical curricula to prepare students for clinical practice. In 2022, we conducted a systematic review to explore the degree to which ultrasound skill acquisition is incorporated into undergraduate medial education in the United Kingdom.MethodsA search of Medline and Embase databases from 2003 to 2022 identified 15 relevant articles. Studies were included if they described ultrasound skills training in UK undergraduate medical education.FindingsA range of teaching methods were reported including didactic demonstrations, hands‐on experience and combinations thereof. Portable machines were more common than cart‐based machines, and most demonstrators were ultrasound‐trained clinicians. Ultrasound teaching is well received, with improvements in confidence using ultrasound, motivation to learn anatomy and retention of knowledge.DiscussionObstacles to integration were noted including training, cost, curriculum time constraints and the issue of incidental pathology. One study demonstrated that anatomists with appropriate training could provide ultrasound teaching, reducing the need for clinicians or sonographers. Costs may be reduced by renting machines or purchasing portable/hand‐held devices. Allowing access to machines during student's free time may address scheduling difficulties. A final recommendation is to pre‐scan volunteers prior to the teaching session.ConclusionWe have outlined approaches to ultrasound skills teaching and the inherent hurdles to this, as well as potential solutions. This may aid educators wishing to augment their curricula. Although there are relatively few studies from the United Kingdom, there is consensus that students enjoy the incorporation of ultrasound practice and believe it complements existing teaching, especially in a small group setting.
Medical students' honesty in summative reflective writing: A rapid review
Authors: Truykov Lyuben 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundReflection is a highly individual metacognitive process of contextualising experiences in our environment. It is a core skill for medical students, as it helps future practitioners tackle complex scenarios. It is subject to assessment, which goes against the philosophical underpinnings of reflection, thus risking students only emulating reflective practice without actually engaging with it. We sought to provide an overview of the current literature on medical students' views of summative reflective writing.MethodsA rapid review of literature was carried out. Keywords were searched in six databases; items were retrieved and screened against the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Ten papers were included in the final review. Their quality was appraised by utilising the CASP checklist tools.FindingsSeven primary research papers addressed honesty of reflective practice in a variety of different settings. Students were found to ‘game the system’ by tailoring their reflections to meet the assessment criteria. One paper postulated that students are honest in their reflections. Three expert opinions showed congruent views on the need for diversification of reflective practice in medical school and going back to the definition of reflection.ConclusionThis rapid review provides an account of medical students' views of summative reflective writing within the literature. Instrumentalising reflection can lead to students only emulating reflective practice, although not engaging with deeper learning. More primary qualitative studies exploring medical students' views of assessment of reflection would better detail the problem of emulated reflective practice.
Project-Based Learning and Perceived Overlap of Self-Regulation and Project-based Learning Techniques for Students with Adverse Childhood Experiences: A Case Study
Authors: Foster Manda S. , Shriner Michael 
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore the perception of educators transitioning from a traditional learning environment to a project-based learning (PBL). Teachers’ perception of student self-regulation in ages from 8 to 17 were captured. Data were collected from 1-1 interviews with five participants with Missouri teacher certification ranging in grade levels from elementary to high school working with a total of 175 students within a mental health residential school throughout Missouri. Additional data were collected from daily logs, participant interviews, behavioral logs, and regulation logs from classrooms of students with the same background as teacher participants over the last four school years, 2018-22, of teachers who have taught project-based learning units. Daily logs, regulation logs, behavioral logs, and participant interview responses were manually coded twice and then coded a third time using electronic coding via NVivo to ensure bias from Dr Foster was not present. This study supports using project-based learning units with students who have a history of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). While study findings support the teacher perception that project-based learning activities increase self-regulation from interview responses, regulation logs, and daily logs data could not triangulate this perceived relationship. These findings support the importance of relationships with students with ACEs during PBL to increase self-regulation.
Experimental Investigation on Cross-Impingement Characteristics Under Various Biodiesel-Butanol Blended Proportions and Ambient Conditions
Authors: Zhang Qiankun , Wu Haoqin , Mi Shijie , Lu Xingcai 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The cross-impingement phenomenon always appears in several diesel engines with two or more injectors. Meanwhile, the application of biofuels has a great potential in realizing clean and efficient combustion. Therefore, the investigation aims to explore the cross-impingement characteristics at small (10%), middle (30%), and large (50%) biodiesel-butanol blended proportions. Experiments are conducted in a constant-volume combustion chamber with twin injectors. Spray images are captured by optical diagnosis techniques. Several macroscopic parameters are obtained, including diffusion length, collision width, and spray area. Results show that the cross-impingement accelerates the droplet interaction, and the spray presents a “fan-shaped” behavior after the collision, which promotes a more uniform mixing between the fuel and ambient gas. As the twin sprays collide at 120 deg, the vapor-phase vertical diffusion rate is close to the vertical component of the single spray, and the horizontal diffusion rate is about 1.2 times the vertical diffusion rate. The cross-impingement is likely to decrease the spray-wall impingement owing to a change in the diffusion direction. At various blended fuels, the biodiesel blended with 30% n-butanol displays the smallest liquid-phase diffusion length, width, and area. The further increase in the n-butanol mixing ratio leads to larger liquid-phase parameters. Contrary to the biodiesel blended with 10% n-butanol, the biodiesel blended with a higher proportion of n-butanol presents faster vapor-phase diffusion, which promotes fuel-gas mixing.
The Effect of Methane–Ammonia and Methane–Hydrogen Blends on Ignition and Light-Around in an Annular Combustor
Authors: Kwah Yi Hao , Wiseman Samuel , Dawson James R. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The use of hydrogen and ammonia in gas turbines, either alone or blended with natural gas, poses various technical challenges for combustion systems, including ignition. Depending on the fuel composition, the laminar flame speed and the ratio of unburned to burned gas density (dilatation ratio) of hydrogen and ammonia flames can be well outside the range seen in natural gas flames. Previous studies in annular combustion chambers have provided evidence of the importance of these properties in determining the ignition dynamics including light-around times. So far, these studies have mostly considered hydrocarbon fuels, have been limited to only a few runs, and have not yet systematically investigated variations in the dilatation ratio and the flame speed but rather have considered them as a lumped parameter. To investigate these effects in more detail, experiments characterizing the light-around times were carried out on an atmospheric annular combustor in which the dilatation ratio and the laminar flame speed was independently varied. This was achieved by varying the equivalence ratio and employing a variety of different hydrocarbon fuels (ethylene, propane, and methane) and fuel blends of methane–ammonia and methane–hydrogen. Light-around times were evaluated from global chemiluminescence measurements obtained using an azimuthal array of photomultipliers placed round the combustor chamber as well as high speed imaging. To improve statistical certainty, more than 3000 ignition and light-around times were measured with 30 repetitions obtained for each operating condition. To provide some insight into the light-around dynamics in specific cases, 900 of the 3000 sets included high-speed OH* chemiluminescence images. Light-around times for premixed pure hydrocarbon flames showed a similar dependence on the laminar flame speed as reported in previous studies. For the range of ammonia fuel blends investigated, an increase in laminar flame speed leads to a predictable increase in the flame propagation speed, as in the case of hydrocarbon fuel. Furthermore, collapse of this dependence for all blends could be achieved when corrected for an effective Lewis number, noting that all Lewis numbers for these blends were above unity. However, for hydrogen fuel blends, a decrease in dilatation ratio was found to decrease the light-around time counter to existing experimental results on the ignition of hydrocarbon fuels for which we currently do not have an explanation.
Mistuning Sensitivity of a Fan Bladed-Disk With Geometrical Nonlinearities
Authors: Quaegebeur Samuel , Thouverez Fabrice 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In order to decrease their environmental impact, turbo-engine manufacturers tend to increase the span of fan blades while maintaining a slender profile. This design leads to more pronounced geometrical nonlinear effects. Computing the frequency response function of such structures is complicated due to the size of their associated finite element model. Classical substructuring approaches are no longer efficient to reduce the size of the problem as all the nodes of the system must be kept since they experience nonlinear behaviors. Different reduction methodologies have been defined in the past decades to tackle such nonlinear systems. Among these strategies, the direct normal form (DNF) extends the theory of normal form to finite element models. This methodology is here applied to a single blade model. Based on the assumption of a fairly rigid disk and the cyclic symmetric properties, a full cyclic symmetric reduced-order model is computed. In this work, this methodology is extended to account for random mistuning. Such a strategy allows to perform, for instance, fast parametric studies. This paper studies the sensitivity of the random mistuning on a nonlinear open rotor system in order to help turbo-engineers in their design phase. Three ranges of the excitation level are studied. At a low level of excitation, the system is close to the linear case. For higher forcing amplitude, a high amplification factor (AF) due to the merge of an isolated branch is observed, which is detrimental for the structure. For the last range (containing the highest forcing amplitudes), the nonlinearities are highly activated, and low values of the amplification factor are obtained due to the spread of the vibrational energy over the frequency range.
Complete genome sequences generated using hybrid Nanopore-Illumina assembly of two non-typical
Avibacterium paragallinarum
strains isolated from clinically normal chicken flocks
Authors: Hashish Amro , Chaves Maria , Macedo Nubia R. , Sato Yuko , Schmitz-Esser Stephan , Wilson Daniel , El-Gazzar Mohamed 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

We report the complete genome sequences of two non-typical
Avibacterium paragallinarum
(AP) strains isolated from chickens in the absence of clinical signs. The availability of these genomes can aid scientists in improving current diagnostics and increase our understanding of AP epidemiology and pathogenicity in chickens.
Completed genomes for
Rickettsia rickettsii
isolated from ticks and quality controlled for motility phenotype
Authors: Nock Adam M. , Clark Tina R. , Barbian Kent , Martens Craig , Hackstadt Ted 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Complete genomes of
Rickettsia rickettsii
were sequenced with Illumina and PacBio technologies from low-passage isolates from ticks. These isolates were quality controlled for intact
roaM
, a regulator of actin-based motility that is negatively selected for in culture. The Sheila Smith strain was re-sequenced using the same methodology.
Impact of aerobic fitness status, menstrual cycle phase, and oral contraceptive use on exercise substrate oxidation and metabolic flexibility in females
Authors: Olenick Alyssa A. , Pearson Regis C. , Jenkins Nathan T. 
Published: September 2023

The influence of menstrual cycle phase and fitness status on metabolism during high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) was assessed. Twenty-five females (24.4 (3.6) years) were categorized by normal menstrual cycle ( n = 14) vs. oral contraceptive (OC) use ( n = 11) and by aerobic fitness, high-fitness females (HFF; n = 13) vs. low-fitness females (LFF; n = 12). HIIE was four sets of four repetitions with a 3 min rest between intervals on a cycle ergometer at a power output halfway between the ventilatory threshold and V̇O2peak and performed during follicular (FOL: days 2–7 or inactive pills) and luteal phases (LUT: day ∼21 or 3rd week of active pills). Substrate oxidation was assessed via indirect calorimetry, blood lactate via finger stick, and recovery of skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism (mV̇O2) via continuous-wave near-infrared spectroscopy. HFF oxidized more fat (g·kg−1) during the full session (FOL: p = 0.050, LUT: p = 0.001), high intervals (FOL: p = 0.048, LUT: p = 0.001), low intervals (FOL: p = 0.032, LUT: p = 0.024), and LUT recovery ( p = 0.033). Carbohydrate oxidation area under the curve was greater in HFF during FOL (FOL: p = 0.049, LUT: p = 0.124). Blood lactate was lower in LFF in FOL ( p ≤ 0.05) but not in LUT. Metabolic flexibility (Δ fat oxidation g·kg−1·min−1) was greater in HFF than LFF during intervals 2–3 in FOL and 1–4 in LUT ( p ≤ 0.05). Fitness status more positively influences exercise metabolic flexibility during HIIE than cycle phase or OC use.
p53 and Innate Immune Signaling in Development and Cancer: Insights from a Hematologic Model of Genome Instability
Authors: Zierhut Christian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGenome instability due to the loss of DNA repair factors can drive developmental defects, autoinflammatory disease, and cancer. Two major signaling pathways are activated by genome instability—DNA damage checkpoint signaling, leading to p53 activation, and innate immunity, largely driven by the DNA sensor cGAS. Like p53, cGAS is thought to drive cell death and senescence during genotoxic stress in addition to its canonical inflammatory functions, but its role during cellular differentiation and carcinogenesis is poorly understood. Furthermore, it is heavily debated whether the cGAS pathway primarily has tumor-suppressive or oncogenic functions. A study in this issue of Cancer Research used a hematopoietic lineage-specific knockout of the ribonucleotide repair gene Rnaseh2b to introduce genotoxic stress, resulting in severe hematopoiesis defects and increased incidence of hematologic cancers. These two effects were driven by and antagonized by p53, respectively. Surprisingly, despite increased innate immune signaling, the cGAS pathway did not seem to play a role in either process. These findings suggest that innate immune responses to genotoxic stress may be more subtle and context-specific than appreciated, indicating that a more detailed understanding of pathway activation and signaling consequences is needed.See related article by Dressel et al., p. 2858
Using Machine Learning to Predict TP53 Mutation Status and Aggressiveness of Prostate Cancer from Routine Histology Images
Authors: Bordeleau François 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Despite years of progress, we still lack reliable tools to predict the aggressiveness of tumors, including in the case of prostate cancer. Biomarkers have been developed, but they often suffer from poor accuracy if used alone due to tumor heterogeneity. Nevertheless, some mutations, notably TP53 mutations, are highly correlated with progression. In their work in this issue of Cancer Research, Pizurica and colleagues implemented a machine learning–based model applied to routine histology and trained with prior information on TP53 mutation status. Their model output provides a quantitative prediction of TP53 mutation status while having a strong correlation with aggressiveness, showing promise as a prognostic in silico biomarker.
See related article by Pizurica et al., p. 2970