bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal investigation of a single variant SARS-CoV-2-outbreak in the immunologically naïve population of Ulvik, Norway
Authors: Mortensen Nicolay , Wensaas Knut-Arne , Solem Unni , Sivertsen Audun , Grewal Harleen M. S. , Rortveit Guri , Ulvestad Elling , Litleskare Sverre 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Purpose
To perform an extensive investigation of the clinical features and long-term complications among the n = 134 adults and children with nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) verified SARS-CoV-2-infection in the immunologically naïve population of Ulvik, Norway, during the single variant B.1.1.7 outbreak in late January through February 2021.
Methods
Every infected person regardless of whether symptoms of COVID-19 were present was invited to answer a web-based questionnaire at two- and seven months after testing positive. The period from initial infection to the first questionnaire was assessed retrospectively, and the time points at two- and seven months were assessed prospectively.
Results
A total of 87 of 134 (65%) NAAT-positive persons answered the first questionnaire, of which 35/87 (40%) were children, and 74 of 87 (85%) answered the second questionnaire. Children experienced symptoms less often than adults during the acute phase of infection (51% (18/35) versus 81% (42/52) (p = .004)). At two-months follow-up 88% (53/60) of participants with symptoms during the acute phase, including all children, reported no longer having symptoms. Among those with persisting symptoms at seven months, fatigue (18/25) and insomnia (16/24) were common.
Conclusion
In an immunologically naïve population infected with the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 variant, the clinical features of acute phase symptoms were similar to previous studies. Children underwent asymptomatic infection more often than adults, and adults more often experienced persisting symptoms. Insomnia and fatigue were common complaints among those with persisting symptoms seven months after infection.
Mendelian Randomization analyses between body mass index and atrioventricular block: underweight is a risky state
Authors: Ying Yuchen , Cai Dihui , Lian Jiangfang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Atrioventricular block (AVB) is a prevalent cardiac conduction disorder among the elderly population. Body mass index (BMI) is a crucial indicator of nutritional status, and underweight individuals face elevated risks of various health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases. Previous observational studies have reported an association between BMI and AVB risk, but causality remains uncertain due to potential confounding factors and reverse causation.
Methods
To investigate the causal relationship between BMI and AVB risk, we employed a Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization (TSMR) approach, utilizing data from two independent Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS). We obtained genetic variants associated with BMI from a meta-analysis comprising 694,649 individuals of European descent and AVB summary statistics from the FinnGen project, including 5536 AVB cases and 286109 controls of European ancestry. We selected instrumental variables (IVs) for BMI based on strict criteria and validated their strength through F statistics. In our study, Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW), Weighted Median, MR-Egger, Weighted Mode, and Simple Mode were used for causal relationship analysis.
Results
Our TSMR analysis, using the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, revealed a significant negative causal effect of BMI on AVB risk. One standard deviation genetically determined rise in BMI was associated with a 38% reduction in relative AVB risk (N = 373 SNPs; OR = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.53–0.73; p = 3.74 × 10 − 9). Supplementary analyses using MR-Egger regression, weighted mode, simple mode, and weighted median provided consistent support for these findings.
Conclusions
Our study supports the genetic causality between lower BMI and increased AVB risk, indicating that maintaining a healthy BMI is crucial, especially for individuals who are underweight. These findings may help unravel the underlying mechanisms linking BMI and AVB, potentially contributing to improved prevention and management strategies for this cardiac disorder.
Investigation of stress corrosion cracking of friction stir welded 2060 Al-Li alloy
Authors: Farooq Ameeq , Yameen Muhammad Usama , Hussain Khawar , Afzal Muhammad , Akhtar Naveed 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Aluminum lithium 2060 alloy is an ideal structural material for aeronautical components. Friction stir welding (FSW) of two-millimeter-thick 2060 Al-Li alloy plates under a welding speed of 600 mm/min and rotation speed of 400 rpm flourishes as better joining process. During FSW process, the three zones of weld nugget zone (WNZ), thermally mechanical affected zone (TMAZ) heat affected zone and base metal (BM) on the weld transverse cross section are classified caused by tool stirring and axial force in friction stir welded joints. BM shows that the microstructure is characterized by lamellar structures of the lath-shaped α phase arranged along the rolling direction. The WNZ, with fine and equiaxed grains, is a typical feature of the recrystallized structures resulted from dynamic recrystallization due to severe plastic deformation and high temperature. The TMAZ, a transition zone surrounding the weld nugget experiences a combined action of friction heating and high bending. The equipment was designed and fabricated to investigate the stress corrosion cracking behavior in simulated environment. Electrochemical evolution of FSW Al-Li 2060 alloy in 3.5wt.% NaCl solution and performed open circuit potential, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic polarization in unloaded condition and with applied load of 500, 1000 in specific intervals (1, 24, 48) hours. Results show that poor corrosion resistance in unloaded condition and decrease with the specific time interval. Results show that corrosion rate in unloaded 102, for 500 g load is 7.5 and for 1000g load is 48.76 in millimeter per year (mm/y).
Post-transplant inflammatory bowel disease associated with donor-derived TIM-3 deficiency
Authors: Baldrich Adrian , Althaus Dominic , Menter Thomas , Hirsiger Julia , Köppen Julius , Hupfer Robin , Bosch Angela , Drexler Beatrice , Gerull Sabine , Ghosh Adhideb , Meyer Benedikt , Jauch Annaise , Berkemeier Caroline , Heijnen Ingmar , Cavelti-Weder Claudia , Niess Jan Hendrik , Dixon Karen , Hess Christoph , Halter Jörg , Passweg Jakob , Navarini Alexander A , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Berger Christoph , Recher Mike , Hruz Petr 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) occurring following allogenic stem cell transplantation (aSCT) is a very rare condition. The underlying pathogenesis is poorly defined. There is currently no systematic effort to exclude loss- or gain-of-function mutations in immune-related genes in stemcell donors.
Methods
Whole exome sequencing of hematopoietic cell-intrinsic, donor-derived vs. skin-derived germline DNA was performed in an index patient with post-aSCT IBD. Expression of the immune checkpoint protein TIM-3 and T cell-edrived cytokines/chemokines was assessed in in vitro activated patient-derived T cells by flow-cytometry and by performing immune-histology on sections from inflamed vs. non-inflamed intestinal tissue.
Results
We have molecularly characterized a patient who developed fulminant inflammatory bowel disease following aSCT with stable 100% donor-derived hematopoiesis. A pathogenic c.A291G; p.I97M HAVCR2 mutation encoding the immune checkpoint protein TIM-3 was identified in the patient’s blood-derived DNA, while being absent in DNA derived from the skin. TIM-3 expression was much decreased in in vitro activated patient-derived T cells, while effector cytokines and Foxp3 expression were preserved. TIM-3 expression was barely detectable in the patient’s intestinal mucosa, while being detected unambiguously in inflamed and non-inflamed colon from unrelated individuals.
Conclusion
We report the first case of acquired, ‘transplanted’ insufficiency of the regulatory TIM-3 checkpoint linked to post-aSCT IBD.
A single amino acid substitution in the conserved CDNQLD motif causes both differences in RNA silencing suppression activity of the turnip mosaic virus HC-Pro protein and variations in symptom severity
Authors: Kang Jun-Seong , Song Zheng-Xing , Seo Eun-Young , Lee Seung-Eun , Kim Jung-Kyu , Hammond John , Lim Hyoun-Sub 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We examined two variants of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) KJS 5 and KJS 5 − 1, the polyproteins of which differ by only a single amino acid residue, located in HC-Pro motif CDNQLD. When KJS 5 and KJS 5 − 1 were inoculated to Nicotiana benthamiana and Raphanus sativus differential symptom severity were observed in each host. To complement these results, smGFP and the variant HC-Pros were co-expressed in N. benthamiana leaves by agro-infiltration. Real-time qPCR analysis showed that the relative expression levels of smGFP differed. This shows that a single amino acid substitution affects both symptom severity and RNA silencing suppression efficiency.
The use of Convolutional Neural Network to classify Congenital Syphilis with image representations of tabular data
Authors: Neto Leonides Medeiros , Endo Patricia Takako 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is a powerful Deep Learning (DL) model used in healthcare for diseases classification through image analysis. Although primarily designed for image data, CNNs can be used with tabular data by converting it into images format. This work aims to assess the performance of CNNs in classifying cases of Congenital Syphilis (CS) using images generated from tabular data, and to compare their performance with Machine Learning (ML) models.
Methods: We compare different converters for transforming tabular data into images, selecting the most effective one based on the highest CNN metric outcomes. We perform hyperparameter optimization on the best CNN model using Random Search, and compare its performance against an optimized ML model, the Adaboost, proposed in a previous work.
Results: We find that it is possible to classify CS with images generated from tabular data of medical records. Additionally, after optimized, the CNN is capable of achieving competitive classification outcomes against an optimized Adaboost, implying their potential utility in medical data analysis.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates CNNs’ potential to classify CS cases using images from tabular medical data. The comparison with an optimized Adaboost showcases CNNs’ viability for medical data analysis, showcasing their adaptability beyond image analysis in structured healthcare data. The work limitations include the limited number of converters, the absence of a computational cost analysis, the focus on 2D CNNs only, and the absence of a rigorous statistical significance assessment.
Rietveld Analysis of Binary (2,5-Dihydrofuran + Methane) and (2,3-Dihydrofuran + Methane) Clathrate Hydrates
Authors: Kim Dong Hyun , Park Ki Hun , Cha Minjun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Herein, we examined the crystal structure of 2,5-dihydrofuran and 2,3-dihydrofuran clathrate hydrate systems in the presence of methane as help gas. The crystal structure of these systems demonstrates the structure II (sII) clathrate hydrate with the cubic Fd-3m space group. Throughout the inclusion of methane, we observed a decrease in lattice parameters for both 2,5-dihydrofuran and 2,3-dihydrofuran clathrate hydrates. In the (2,5-dihydrofuran + H2O) or (2,3-dihydrofuran + H2O) clathrate hydrates, the 2,5-dihydrofuran or 2,3-dihydrofuran molecule is located at the center of the large cages of sII hydrate. However, in the (2,5-dihydrofuran + CH4) or (2,3-dihydrofuran + CH4) binary clathrate hydrates, the 2,5-dihydrofuran or 2,3-dihydrofuran molecule is positioned off-center in the large cages of sII hydrate. Finally, we confirmed the possibility increase of host-guest interaction via possible host–guest hydrogen bonding due to the decrease of the shortest distance between host and guest molecules.
Insights into Sweet Corn Starch Extraction Methods: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Sharma Kirti , Kaur Jaspreet , Ahmed Naseer 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The study was conducted with the objectives to isolate and characterize sweet corn starch extracted by different methods. The starch from sweet corn was extracted using three extraction methods viz. distilled water, NaOH and Na2So4. The syneresis of the treatments increased with increase in storage time. The maximum syneresis among the treatments was observed in Sweet Corn Starch-Distilled Water at the end of the storage period. There was significant decrease in light transmittance of the starch extracted by different methods with increase in storage period. The swelling power of the starch in all the treatments increased significantly with increase in storage period. The L* value of Sweet Corn Starch- Na2SO4 was higher as compared to Sweet Corn Starch-Distilled Water and Sweet Corn Starch-NaOH. FTIR results showed that the starch extracted by Distilled water treatment has higher O-H, C-H, and C-O bending related with OH showed higher intensity as compare to other treatments. It was also observed that starch extracted by different treatments posses’ similar chemical structure.
An adaptive network switching method for electric power 5G converged communication network
Authors: Wang Zhengpu , Zhang Yingshuai 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In order to achieve seamless handover of heterogeneous networks on the access network side, avoid frequent triggering of unnecessary handover by terminals, and ensure a balanced network load, the handover process of the network needs to strictly meet the performance indicators of the network status. For this reason, this paper considers the differences between wireless network technologies such as 5G and broadband and narrowband ad hoc networks for multi-link converged communication terminals, as well as the characteristics of terminal services, and proposes an adaptive switching method for power 5G converged communication networks. It realizes the optimization of switching efficiency, reduces the number of unnecessary switching frequently triggered by service terminals, and balances the network load at the same time. Guarantee the reliability of the power system in the event of emergency failures within the power communication network, and effectively support power deterministic services under the integrated network of power 5G multi-standard technology.
Article Title]{Efficient Wood Surface Defect Detection using an Improved YOLOX Model
Authors: Zhu Yunfei , Chen Peijiang , Chen Song 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

During woodworking production and processing, uncontrollable factors in the wood growth process may cause surface defects such as knots, decay, and cracks, which can affect the functionality, aesthetics, mechanical bearing capacity, and safety of the wood. However, traditional manual defect detection methods fail to meet the efficiency and accuracy requirements of modern wood processing. To address this challenge, The Efficient Bidirectional Feature Pyramid Model (EBFPM) is proposed as a solution to address this challenge. It offers a new architecture specifically designed for detecting defects on wood surfaces. The EBFPM approach incorporates several techniques such as depth-separable convolution, residual connection, channel attention, and Weaken-Spatial Pyramid Pooling (WSPP) to enhance the performance of the CNN. In addition, the feature extraction phase of EBFPM utilizes the Inverted Residual Mobile Block (iRMB) stacking, and the PReLU-Bidirectional Feature Pyramid Network (P-BiFPN) is employed during the feature fusion stage. Additionally, it adopts Complete-IoU (CIoU) as the loss function for target detection. The final experimental results demonstrate that EBFPM significantly outperforms the basic You Only Look Once X (YOLOX) algorithm in detecting 10 types of wood surface defects. Specifically, the average detection accuracy for EBFPM improved by 1.37% compared to YOLOX, reaching an accuracy of 74.41%. Hence, EBFPM presents a novel approach for efficient and accurate detection of wood surface defects, meeting contemporary production standards. Furthermore, it can be readily applied across various wood processing industries, thereby enhancing production efficiency.
An Eco-Friendly Antifouling Coating Based on Tannic Acid
Authors: Wang Jine , Zhao Rui , Wang Pei , Jin Meihua , Xu Jiujun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Marine fouling has caused serious economic losses, and exploring multiple eco-friendly antifouling strategies has a positive significance. As a natural polyphenolic antioxidant, Tannic acid (TA) has a wide range of sources and biosafety, excellent antibacterial properties and its special chemical structure makes it easy to bind to the surface, which may provide inspiration for the development of antifouling materials. In this paper, a TA-based antifouling coating was designed and prepared. A stable intermediate transition layer was formed by co-deposited 3,4-dihydroxy phenyl-L-alanine (DOPA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) on the surface of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and then TA molecules were grafted on that surface to prepare a TA functionalized (PVC/(PDA/PEI)-TA) coating. The effect of the coating on the adhesion of marine bacteria and benthic diatoms was investigated. Then, the effect of TA on the adhesion behavior of mussels on the coating surface was studied. The results indicated that the coating had good antifouling performance. Marine bacteria and benthic diatoms had a low adhesion rate on the coating surface and were prone to the detachment under water flow erosion. The TA on the coating surface affected the adhesion behavior of mussels. Mussels did not like TA coating and only secreted a small amount of adhesive plaques on the surface. Moreover, the adhesion force between the plaques and the substrate was low. This study may provide new solutions to marine biofouling.
Vision-Based Human-Machine Interface for an Assistive Robotic Exoskeleton Glove
Authors: Guo Yunfei , Xu Wenda , Tzvi Pinhas Ben 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a vision-based Human-Machine Interface (HMI) for an assistive exoskeleton glove, designed to incorporate force planning capabilities. While Electroencephalogram (EEG) and Electromyography (EMG)-based HMIs allow direct grasp force planning via user signals, voice and vision-based HMIs face limitations. In particular, two primary force planning methods encounter issues in these HMIs. First, traditional force optimization struggles with unfamiliar objects due to lack of object information. Second, the slip-grasp method faces a high failure rate due to inadequate initial grasp force. To address these challenges, this paper introduces a vision-based HMI to estimate the initial grasp forces of the target object. The initial grasp force estimation is performed based on the size and surface material of the target object. The experimental results demonstrate a grasp success rate of 87. 5%, marking significant improvements over the slip-grasp method (71.9%).
Myricetin suppresses TGF-β-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in ovarian cancer
Authors: Yang Hui-wen , Lan Yan , Li An , Wu Han , Song Zi-wei , Wan Ai-ling , Wang Yue , Li Shi-Bao , Ji Shuai , Wang Zhong-chengWang , Wu Xin-yu , Lan Ting 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background:
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the second most common gynecological malignancy and has a high mortality rate. The current chemotherapeutic drugs have the disadvantages of drug resistance and side effects. Myricetin, as a kind of natural medicine, has the advantages of easy extraction, low price, and few side effects. Numerous studies have demonstrated the anti-cancer properties of myricetin. However, the underlying effect of myricetin on ovarian cancer remains to be elaborated. Therefore, this study was aimed to application of in vivo and in vitro studies to reveal the mechanism of myricetin suppresses TGF-β-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) in OC.
Method:
n vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of myricetin on cell proliferation and apoptosis using CCK8 assay, plate clonal formation assay, and flow cytometry. The expression levels of caspase-3, PARP, and the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways were assessed using western blotting. Wound healing and transwell, western blot and immunofluorescence assay were used to detect TGF-β-induced cell migration, invasion, EMT and the levels of Smad3, MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Additionally, a mouse xenograft model was established to verify the effects of myricetin on OC in vivo.
Results:
Myricetin inhibited the proliferation of ovarian cancer through MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, promoted the apoptosis through the Caspase-3 and PARP signaling pathways in vitro and attenuated OC progression and metastasis in vivo. Moreover, myricetin reversed TGF-β-induced EMT through Smad3, MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Conclusion:
Myricetin demonstrated inhibitory effects on OC progression and metastasis both in vivo and in vitro. It also reversed TGF-β-induced EMT through the classical and non-classical Smad signaling pathways.
Travel distances in amateur football and handball in Germany
Authors: Dittrich Michael , Resch Julian , Tcymbal Antonina , Ziemainz Heiko , Abu-Omar Karim 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Humanity faces dual existential crises of biodiversity loss and global warming. Acknowledging the environmental impact of sports, the United Nations calls for the sports sector to lead in fighting climate change and adopting climate-neutral practices. To this point, research on greenhouse gas emissions of amateur league play remains scarce.
Methods
Travel distances for the 2022/23 season of play for 339 football and handball amateur teams playing in different leagues in Bavaria were calculated. The program Gurobi was utilised to optimise how teams are placed in groups in order to allow for shorter travel distances.
Results
The study showed that playing in a higher amateur league resulted most often in longer travel distances in both sports for women’s and men’s leagues. Some amateur teams had to travel up to 2,958 kilometres for one season of play. Optimising in which groups teams play reduces overall travel distances by up to 19.7%.
Conclusions
Our findings indicate that travel distances in amateur football and handball, though smaller than those of professional teams, are still significant. Given the larger number of amateur teams and the imperative to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, it is crucial to explore ways of reducing travel in amateur sports. Optimising how teams are placed in groups could be an initial step towards a substantial reduction in travel emissions from amateur sports.