bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights into the particle size, protein form, pasting and dough rheological properties of flour obtained from wheat grown at high and low altitude
Authors: Singh Narpinder , Katyal Mehak , Virdi Amardeep Singh , Saini Johar Singh , Singh Anju Mahendru , Ahlawat Arvind Kumar 
Published: May 2023

SummaryFlours from four wheat varieties grown at high (~3180 m) and low altitude (~247 m) were compared for particle size distribution, protein composition (monomeric and polymeric), amino acids, pasting and dough rheological properties. High altitude wheat (HAW) flours showed greater proportion of large size particles and higher protein content, gluten, ash content and each category of gliadins and high molecular weight glutenins but revealed lower gluten index than low altitude wheat (LAW) flours. HAW showed higher extractable polymeric, unextractable monomeric proteins, pasting temperature, damaged starch and arabinoxylans while lower unextractable polymeric, extractable monomeric protein, paste viscosity, dough stability and development time than LAW flours. HAW flours from PBW725 and HD3086 showed higher concentration of total aromatic and lower of total sulphur amino acids than their counterpart LAW flour. Differences in flours characteristics of LAW and HAW were clearly due to differences in accumulation of protein, starch and arabinoxylans.
The potential of dietary nanoparticles to enhance allergenicity of milk proteins: an in vitro investigation
Authors: Xu Ke , Phue Wut Hmone , Basu Niladri , George Saji 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the popularity of dietary nanoparticles (NPs) in the food industry as additives has raised concerns because of the lack of knowledge about potential adverse health outcomes ensuing from the interactions of NPs with components of the food matrix and gastrointestinal system. In this study, we used a transwell culture system that consisted of human colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco‐2) cells in the apical insert and Laboratory of Allergic Diseases 2 mast cells in the basal compartment to study the effect of NPs on milk allergen delivery across the epithelial layer, mast cell responses and signaling between epithelial and mast cells in allergenic inflammation. A library of dietary particles (silicon dioxide NPs, titanium dioxide NPs and silver NPs) that varied in particle size, surface chemistry and crystal structures with or without pre‐exposure to milk was used in this investigation. Milk‐interacted particles were found to acquire surface corona and increased the bioavailability of milk allergens (casein and β‐lactoglobulin) across the intestinal epithelial layer. The signaling between epithelial cells and mast cells resulted in significant changes in the early phase and late‐phase activation of the mast cells. This study suggested that antigen challenge in mast cells with the presence of dietary NPs may cause the transition of allergic responses from an immunoglobulin E (IgE)–dependent mechanism to a mixed mechanism (both IgE‐dependent and IgE‐independent mechanisms).
Phylogeography and distribution modelling reveal the history and future of a saproxylic beetle of European conservation concern
Authors: Sikora Katarzyna , Zając Krzysztof , Bieniek Agnieszka , Jaworski Tomasz , Kadej Marcin , Plewa Radosław , Gutowski Jerzy M. , Ruta Rafał , Smolis Adrian , Eckelt Andreas , Bonacci Teresa , Brandmayr Pietro , Čížek Lukas , Davenis Sigitas Algis , Fuchs Ludovic , Heibl Christoph , Horák Jakub , Kapla Andrej , Kulijer Dejan , Olbrycht Tomasz , Merkl Otto , Miłkowski Marek , Müller Jorg , Noordijk Jinze , Saluk Sergey , Thomaes Arno , Vrezec Al , Kajtoch Łukasz 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimThe biogeography of European forests presents many interesting case studies, as inferred from phylogeography, contemporary population genetics, and distribution modelling of saproxylic species. Here, we pose four main hypotheses: (i) the phylogeographic paradigm known for temperate species in Europe is also applicable for saproxylic taxa; (ii) current expansion is occurring only in some genetic lineages; (iii) genetic diversity decreases from east to west, reflecting differences in forest naturalness and management; and (iv) climatic changes will force a northward range shift.LocationEurope.TaxonThe saproxylic beetle, Cucujus cinnaberinus (Scopoli, 1763).MethodsBeetles from 37 locations throughout the species range were genotyped using microsatellites and mtDNA (468 and 237 individuals, respectively). Molecular data were analysed to describe population diversity, structure, and demography. 200 records were used to model distribution based on climate data.ResultsmtDNA analyses revealed three clades: the most divergent in Italy and two less distinct in north‐western and central‐to‐southeastern Europe. Microsatellites showed no clear geographic distribution pattern except for a distinct lineage in Italy. The highest genetic diversity was found in southern refugia, in natural forests of Central‐Eastern Europe, and in a mixing zone in Pannonia. During the Holocene, the Italian population declined, whereas populations in the rest of Europe showed no clear changes. Distribution models revealed the existence of glacial refugia along the coasts of the Adriatic and Black Seas, and northward dispersal in the Holocene continued in the XXI century.ConclusionsC. cinnaberinus has a complex historical biogeography, discordant with patterns known for temperate or boreal taxa. The current expansion occurs only in populations from mainland Europe, whereas southernmost populations are in decline. Current genetic diversity is shaped by recent forest management, which is the least intensive in Eastern Europe. Climate change will most likely enhance northward dispersal and threaten the survival of the southernmost populations.
On crowns, caravans and windmills: Commentary on an essay by Turcotte P., et al.
Authors: Wyer Peter C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPatient‐oriented research (POR) is a trend that has emerged over several decades and is particularly prominent in Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom. It involves patient and other stakeholder participation in the planning, conduct and dissemination of biomedical and health services research and it can be seen as a form of public participation and engagement in activities that affect the lives and well‐being of communities. Criticisms of POR revolve around its susceptibility to tokenistic treatment of patient participants and paternalistic dominance of the research agenda by professional researchers, academics and clinicians. This commentary addresses one such critique by situating the POR agenda within the challenges and dilemmas faced by the health‐related research enterprise over the past 30 years. It will explore the interface between POR, community activism and community‐based participatory research. The contextual importance of the COVID‐19 pandemic experience is stressed. The commentary will particularly focus on the US‐based Patient Centred Outcomes Research Institute, its origins within a movement to enhance emphasis on publicly funded comparative effectiveness research, and its more recent evolution in the direction of community empowerment in POR.
Higher circulating levels of proneurotensin are associated with increased risk of incident NAFLD
Authors: De Vito Francesca , Cassano Velia , Mancuso Elettra , Succurro Elena , Hribal Marta Letizia , Sciacqua Angela , Andreozzi Francesco , Sesti Giorgio , Fiorentino Teresa Vanessa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundNeurotensin (NT), an intestinal peptide able to promote fat absorption, is implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity. Increased levels of proneurotensin (pro‐NT), a stable NT precursor fragment, have been found in subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, whether higher pro‐NT levels are associated with an increased NAFLD risk independently of other metabolic risk factors is unsettled.MethodsUltrasound‐defined presence of NAFLD was assessed on 303 subjects stratified into tertiles according to fasting pro‐NT levels. The longitudinal association between pro‐NT levels and NAFLD was explored on the study participants without NAFLD at baseline reexamined after 5 years of follow‐up (n = 124).ResultsIndividuals with higher pro‐NT levels exhibited increased adiposity, a worse lipid profile, and insulin sensitivity as compared to the lowest tertile of pro‐NT. Prevalence of NAFLD was progressively increased in the intermediate and highest pro‐NT tertile as compared to the lowest tertile. In a logistic regression analysis adjusted for several confounders, individuals with higher pro‐NT levels displayed a raised risk of having NAFLD (OR = 3.43, 95%CI = 1.48–7.97, p = 0.004) than those in the lowest pro‐NT tertile. Within the study cohort without NAFLD at baseline, subjects with newly diagnosed NAFLD at follow‐up exhibited higher baseline pro‐NT levels than those without incident NAFLD. In a cox hazard regression analysis model adjusted for anthropometric and metabolic parameters collected at baseline and follow‐up visit, higher baseline pro‐NT levels were associated with an increased risk of incident NAFLD (HR = 1.52, 95%CI = 1.017–2.282, p = 0.04).ConclusionHigher pro‐NT levels are a predictor of NAFLD independent of other metabolic risk factors.
Who gives? Characteristics of those who have taken the Giving What We Can pledge
Authors: Wilks Matti , McCurdy Jessica , Bloom Paul 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveIn the current project, we focus on another group of unusual altruists: people who have taken the Giving What We Can (GWWC) pledge to donate at least 10% of their income to charity. Our project aims to understand what is unique about this population.BackgroundMany people care about helping, but in recent years there has been a surge of research examining those whose moral concern for others goes far beyond that of the typical population. These unusual altruists (also termed extraordinary or extreme altruists or moral exemplars) make great personal sacrifices to help others—such as donating their kidneys to strangers or participating in COVID‐19 vaccine challenge trials.MethodIn a global study (N = 536) we examine a number of cognitive and personality traits of GWWC pledgers and compare them to a country‐matched comparison group.ResultsIn accordance with our predictions, GWWC pledgers were better at identifying fearful faces, more morally expansive and higher in actively open‐minded thinking, need for cognition and two subscales of utilitarianism and, tentatively, lower in social dominance orientation. Against our predictions, they were lower in maximizing tendency. Finally, we found an inconclusive relationship between pledger status and empathy/compassion that we believe warrants further examination.ConclusionsThese findings offer initial insights into the characteristics that set apart those who have made the decision to donate a substantial portion of their income to help others.
Inter‐ and intraregional inequality in a spatial economy
Authors: Lopez Juan Carlos , Morita Tadashi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we develop a three‐region economic geography model with workers of heterogeneous skills and mobility rates to consider how first‐nature, regional differences impact both inter‐ and intraregional inequality. In our model, the skill premium within a region summarizes both the degree of intraregional inequality between mobile, skilled workers and immobile, unskilled workers and the interregional inequality through differences in the welfare of unskilled workers across regions. Regions with the highest skill premium have the greatest degree of intraregional inequality and provide the lowest level of welfare to unskilled workers, relative to other regions. We find that the skill premium will be higher in regions with a greater supply of unskilled labor, lower supply of housing, or are more remote. An increase in a region's housing supply or centrality will lower intraregional inequality and raise the welfare of the local, unskilled workforce. However, the magnitude of these changes are declining in the initial number of skilled workers in the region. The model is extended to consider imperfectly elastic housing supply. The larger the price elasticity of housing, the larger the range of values, such that more populated regions will host a disproportionate share of skilled workers, have lower levels of intraregional inequality, and provide higher levels of welfare for unskilled workers.
Mafia doesn't live here anymore: Antimafia policies and housing prices
Authors: Calamunci Francesca M. , Ferrante Livio , Scebba Rossana , Torrisi Gianpiero 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIt is well known that the value of a house depends both on the physical characteristics and on some features of the neighborhood in which it is located. If so, organized‐crime activities can significantly affect urban real estate values. Antimafia policies, in turn, can be intended as a tool to influence those external features. This paper compares the effects on real estate values of the two main antimafia policies implemented in Italy since the 1990s at the municipal level. While we do not find any significant effect of dismissal policies on house prices, we find a statistically significant effect of reassignment policies depending on the specific destination of confiscated property.
Christ, Country, and Conspiracies? Christian Nationalism, Biblical Literalism, and Belief in Conspiracy Theories
Authors: WALKER BROOKLYN , VEGTER ABIGAIL 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhen misinformation is rampant, “fake news” is rising, and conspiracy theories are widespread, social scientists have a vested interest in understanding who is most susceptible to these false narratives and why. Recent research suggests Christians are especially susceptible to belief in conspiracy theories in the United States, but scholars have yet to ascertain the role of religiopolitical identities and epistomological approaches, specifically Christian nationalism and biblical literalism, in generalized conspiracy thinking. Because Christian nationalists sense that the nation is under cultural threat and biblical literalism provides an alternative (often anti‐elite) source of information, we predict that both will amplify conspiracy thinking. We find that Christian nationalism and biblical literalism independently predict conspiracy thinking, but that the effect of Christian nationalism increases with literalism. Our results point to the contingent effects of Christian nationalism and the need for the religious variables in understanding conspiracy thinking.
Weight loss and weight gains in patients starting peritoneal dialysis; the effect of peritonitis
Authors: Davenport Andrew 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimEarlier studies reported that peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients gained fat mass after initiating dialysis. Clinical practice and demographics have changed over time with earlier initiation of dialysis and increasing numbers of elderly, co‐morbid patients. As such, we wished to review changes in body composition with dialysis.MethodsChanges in body composition were compared by dual x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 151 adult PD patients, 81 males (54.6%), 50 diabetic (30.1%), mean age 60.5 ± 16.7 years, shortly after starting PD and then a median of 24 months later, to allow for the initial impact of dialysis.ResultsOverall, weight appeared stable (71.7 ± 15.4 vs. 71.9 ± 15.3 kg). On follow‐up, total weekly urea clearance fell from 2.29 (1.85–3.0) to 1.93 (1.63–2.4) whereas peritoneal glucose absorption increased from 119 (46–217) to 321 (187–805) mmol/day, p < .001, and estimated dietary protein (nPNA) fell from 0.92 ± 0.23 to 0.86 ± 0.23 g/kg/day, p = .006. However, 69 (45.7%) patients gained weight, with greater change in both lean and fat mass index versus those with weight loss (0.8 [−0.5 to 2.0] vs. −0.7 [−2.1 to 0.2] and 0.9 [−0.1 to 2.3] vs. 0 [−2.6 to 0.8] kg/m2, p < .001), respectively. Although there were no differences in hospital admissions, patients who gained weight experienced fewer episodes of PD peritonitis (0 [0–1] vs. 1[0–2], p = .019).ConclusionDietary protein intake declined over time, and more PD patients lost weight. The major difference between those who gained and lost weight was episodes of peritonitis. Greater attention to nutritional support may potentially reduce loss of lean body mass.
Associations between trilobite intraspecific moulting variability and body proportions: Estaingia bilobata from the Cambrian Emu Bay Shale, Australia
Authors: Drage Harriet B. , Holmes James D. , García‐Bellido Diego C. , Paterson John R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTrilobites were notably flexible in the moulting behaviours they employed, producing a variety of moult configurations preserved in the fossil record. Investigations seeking to explain this moulting variability and its potential impacts are few, despite abundant material being available for study. We present the first quantitative study on moulting in a single trilobite species using a dataset of almost 500 moult specimens of Estaingia bilobata from the Cambrian (Series 2, Stage 4) Emu Bay Shale, South Australia. Specimens were categorized by moulting mode (Salter's or Sutural Gape) and their associated configurations, and their body proportions measured from both a museum collection (including a bycatch sample) and a randomly‐collected field sample. This enabled analysis of the proportion of E. bilobata specimens displaying the Sutural Gape and Salter's modes of moulting and their different configurations, and tests for association between moulting behaviour and body proportions. The results show a wide range of E. bilobata moulting configurations in all samples, suggesting that configurations represent definable instances in a largely continuous spectrum of variation. Analyses comparing body proportions of specimens showing the two modes of moulting were non‐significant, suggesting there is no true association between moulting behaviour and body proportion, except for a single significant result for body length. All results were relatively consistent between the museum and field samples. However, removing accessioned specimens from the museum sample brought results even further in line with the field sample, supporting the need for consideration of museum collection bias in palaeontological analyses.
Identifying Chinese supply shocks: Effects of trade on labor markets
Authors: Fischer Andreas M. , Herkenhoff Philipp , Sauré Philip 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAn influential literature estimates the impact of trade on labor markets with shift‐share instrumental variable designs under the assumption that common demand shocks in advanced economies are negligible. This article documents empirical patterns, which suggest that such common demand shocks are prevalent. It then proposes a strategy that directly identifies country‐specific export supply shocks. Finally, it uses these supply shocks in reduced‐form regression, which suggest contractions of manufacturing employment that are larger than those in the seminal contribution by Autor et al. (American Economic Review, 2013, 103, 2121–2168).
Century‐scale sequences and density‐flow deltas of the late Holocene and modern Dead Sea coast, Israel
Authors: Moran Mary Grace , Holbrook John , Lensky Nadav G. , Ben Moshe Liran , Mor Ziv , Eyal Haggai , Enzel Yehouda 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTLate Holocene Dead Sea rift‐margin strata reveal century‐scale sequences. Sequences are known to form at millennial timescales, but whether they can form at scales as short as centuries (seventh‐order, sensu Vail et al., 1991) was previously unconfirmed. This study maps lithofacies and sequence‐stratigraphic surfaces from a ca 35 m high outcrop of the post‐1500 ad part of the Holocene falling‐stage wedge, and adjacent subaerial environments, along the Nahal Darga of the western Dead Sea coast, using drone images. The study also produces the first maps of subaqueous delta environments from remotely operated vehicle photographs. Comparison of outcrop and remotely operated vehicle data show that delta foresets form by debris‐flow lobes accreting onto the delta face. Debris lobes increase in size with depth, have sorted cobble heads, and stack compensationally. Debris lobes dewater to form mostly erosive turbidity currents that cut channels and obstacle scours down slope. Topsets comprising fluvial, beach‐ridge and lagoonal deposits prograde over these foresets. Surfaces separating foreset and topset elements of this Gilbert‐delta system bind systems tracts and record downstep and upstep of the shoreface associated with base‐level rises and falls. These surfaces match known lake‐level changes in the Dead Sea in magnitude, timing and direction. They confirm Medieval (ca 600 to 1300 ad) and Modern (ca 1300 ad to Modern) century‐scale sequences. These microsequences form in the Dead Sea because this climate‐sensitive lake can generate metres‐scale lake‐level cycles on century timescales, and because depositional systems can, as shown here, reestablish sufficiently rapidly (≤101 years) to record century‐scale cycles with complete systems tracts. Although conditions for generating microsequences are optimal in the Dead Sea, they are not unique. These microsequences pose a challenge to sequence stratigraphy because they typically fall below seismic resolution, may geometrically resemble higher‐order composite sequences and complicate defining of anchor sequences within a sequence hierarchy.
Shape‐dependent settling velocity of skeletal carbonate grains: Implications for calciturbidites
Authors: Slootman Arnoud , de Kruijf Max , Glatz Guenther , Eggenhuisen Joris T. , Zühlke Rainer , Reijmer John J. G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractParticle transport and deposition in turbidity currents is governed by the balance between turbulent suspension and gravitational settling, with settling velocity becoming dominant during the final rain‐out phases of decelerated turbidity currents on lobes. Differential particle settling velocities play a role in the sorting of grains in turbidity currents; there is a preference of grains with higher settling velocities to be deposited first, yielding a settling‐velocity gradient in vertical and longitudinal cross‐sections through turbidite beds. If sediments contain little variation in particle shape and density (for example, siliciclastics), then settling velocity is dominantly controlled by grain size. Carbonate sediments, in contrast, are composed of non‐skeletal and skeletal grains with various growth structures, producing a wide distribution of particle shapes (from spheroidal to platy, bladed and elongated forms). The present paper aims to constrain the extent to which shape‐dependent differential settling velocities influence sorting mechanisms in carbonate turbidity currents. Experiments using natural skeletal sand were conducted to investigate the settling of carbonate grains in: (i) isolation; (ii) suspension clouds; and (iii) turbidity currents. Size, density and shape parameters, including Corey Shape Factor and Zingg diagrams, were analysed using high‐resolution micro‐computed tomography. The slower settling of non‐spheroidal shapes was quantified. In the sinking suspensions, a sorting mechanism operated through differential velocities yielding an abundance of spheroidal grains at the base and enrichment in less‐spheroidal grains towards the top of suspension deposits. This trend was also observed longitudinally in carbonate turbidity currents, for which enhanced advection lengths caused less spheroidal grains to be transported farther into the basin. The effect of particle shape becomes increasingly significant as grain size increases, in particular above medium sand. Carbonate turbidites may therefore be more poorly sorted than siliciclastic turbidites, which is expected to result in lower primary porosity in calciturbidites compared to siliciclastic turbidites.