bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Covariate adjustment in multiarmed, possibly factorial experiments
Authors: Zhao Anqi , Ding Peng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRandomized experiments are the gold standard for causal inference and enable unbiased estimation of treatment effects. Regression adjustment provides a convenient way to incorporate covariate information for additional efficiency. This article provides a unified account of its utility for improving estimation efficiency in multiarmed experiments. We start with the commonly used additive and fully interacted models for regression adjustment in estimating average treatment effects (ATE), and clarify the trade-offs between the resulting ordinary least squares (OLS) estimators in terms of finite sample performance and asymptotic efficiency. We then move on to regression adjustment based on restricted least squares (RLS), and establish for the first time its properties for inferring ATE from the design-based perspective. The resulting inference has multiple guarantees. First, it is asymptotically efficient when the restriction is correctly specified. Second, it remains consistent as long as the restriction on the coefficients of the treatment indicators, if any, is correctly specified and separate from that on the coefficients of the treatment-covariate interactions. Third, it can have better finite sample performance than the unrestricted counterpart even when the restriction is moderately misspecified. It is thus our recommendation when the OLS fit of the fully interacted regression risks large finite sample variability in case of many covariates, many treatments, yet a moderate sample size. In addition, the newly established theory of RLS also provides a unified way of studying OLS-based inference from general regression specifications. As an illustration, we demonstrate its value for studying OLS-based regression adjustment in factorial experiments. Importantly, although we analyse inferential procedures that are motivated by OLS, we do not invoke any assumptions required by the underlying linear models.
Conformalized survival analysis
Authors: Candès Emmanuel , Lei Lihua , Ren Zhimei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we develop an inferential method based on conformal prediction, which can wrap around any survival prediction algorithm to produce calibrated, covariate-dependent lower predictive bounds on survival times. In the Type I right-censoring setting, when the censoring times are completely exogenous, the lower predictive bounds have guaranteed coverage in finite samples without any assumptions other than that of operating on independent and identically distributed data points. Under a more general conditionally independent censoring assumption, the bounds satisfy a doubly robust property which states the following: marginal coverage is approximately guaranteed if either the censoring mechanism or the conditional survival function is estimated well. The validity and efficiency of our procedure are demonstrated on synthetic data and real COVID-19 data from the UK Biobank.
Infections in travellers returning to the UK: a retrospective analysis (2015–2020)
Authors: Warner Jennifer C , Hatziioanou Diane , Osborne Jane C , Bailey Daniel J , Brooks Timothy J G , Semper Amanda E 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Every year, many thousands of travellers return to the United Kingdom (UK) from visits to other countries and some will become unwell due to infections acquired abroad. Many imported infections have similar clinical presentations, such as fever and myalgia, so diagnostic testing is an important tool to improve patient management and outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine the demographics, travel history, presenting symptoms and diagnostic outcomes of referrals to the UK’s specialist diagnostic Rare & Imported Pathogens Laboratory (RIPL) for the period 2015–2020.

Methods
Anonymised clinical and laboratory data were extracted from RIPL’s Laboratory Information Management System and cleaned prior to descriptive analysis of the data. Travel history data were mapped to one of eight world regions, whereas symptom data were categorised into presenting syndromes. Diagnostic data were categorised as either positive, equivocal or negative.

Results
During the period 2015–2020, RIPL received 73 951 samples from 53 432 patients suspected of having infections that are rare in the UK. The most common age group for unwell returning travellers was 30–39 years and the most commonly reported travel destination was Southern and SE Asia. Dengue virus was the most diagnosed infection overall, followed by chikungunya, Zika, leptospirosis and spotted fever group Rickettsia. Dengue virus was among the top three most frequent diagnoses for all world regions except Europe and represented 62.5% of all confirmed/probable diagnoses.

Conclusions
None of the top five infections diagnosed by RIPL in travellers are vaccine-preventable, therefore understanding traveller demographics, destination-specific risk factors and encouraging preventative behaviours is the best available strategy to reduce the number of returning travellers who become infected. Prompt referral of acute samples with a detailed travel history, including purpose of travel and activities undertaken as well as dates and destinations can be a valuable tool in designing public health interventions and diagnostic algorithms.
Getting to the roots of N, P, and K uptake
Authors: Lyzenga Wendy J , Liu Zhigang , Olukayode Toluwase , Zhao Yang , Kochian Leon V , Ham Byung-Kook 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe soil contributes to the main pool of essential mineral nutrients for plants. These mineral nutrients are critical elements for the building blocks of plant biomolecules, play fundamental roles in cell processes, and act in various enzymatic reactions. The roots are the main entry point for mineral nutrients used within the plant to grow, develop, and produce seeds. In this regard, a suite of plant nutrient transport systems, sensors, and signaling proteins function in acquiring mineral nutrients through the roots. Mineral nutrients from chemical fertilizers, composed mainly of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK), are added to agricultural land to maximize crop yields, worldwide. However, improving nutrient uptake and use within crops is critical for economically and environmentally sustainable agriculture. Therefore, we review the molecular basis for N, P, and K nutrient uptake into the roots. Remarkably, plants are responsive to heterogeneous nutrient distribution and align root growth and nutrient uptake with nutrient-rich patches. We highlight the relationship between nutrient distribution in the growth environment and root system architecture. We discuss the exchange of information between the root and shoot systems through the xylem and phloem, which coordinates nutrient uptake with photosynthesis. The size and structure of the root system, along with the abundance and activity of nutrient transporters, largely determine the nutrient acquisition rate. Lastly, we discuss connections between N, P, and K uptake and signaling.
Teaching 19th-Century Literature Beyond the Secularisation Thesis: Introduction to the Special Forum
Authors: McQueen Joseph 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The widescale revision of the secularisation thesis continues apace across the humanities and more specifically in 19th-century studies—a field that until recently often assumed the ‘subtraction’ story of secularisation in which, as Charles Taylor explains, modernity leads to the inevitable demise of religion. But how does this revised outlook inform the teaching of 19th-century literature? In other words, if we now question the notion that the 19th century sees the inexorable decline of faith, how does that questioning change the way we teach Romantic and/or Victorian literature? The following special forum addresses such questions.
Dropping the Albatross: Teaching Religion and Literature in a Postsecular Age
Authors: Barbeau Jeffrey W 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Teaching literature after the ‘secularisation thesis’ requires both a critical recognition of the distinctly religious origins of the British Romantic movement and the intentional recovery of a wider range of authors and religious beliefs during the age. In this essay, I offer a brief consideration of disciplinary integration within higher education, with particular attention to the work of John Henry Newman, S.T. Coleridge, and Daniel Hardy. Next, I offer a case study that presents an ecofeminist reading of S.T. Coleridge’s ‘Rime of the Ancient Mariner’ with an assist from the religious scholarship of Sallie McFague. Finally, I conclude with some brief recommendations on how faculty might teach religion and literature in the classroom and, in the process, contribute to the current effort within higher education to diversify the curriculum.
Religion, Reading, and Metacognition in the Victorian Literature Classroom
Authors: Plourde Aubrey 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Victorian literature course, ‘Victorians Reading Religion’, relocates the religious friction of the 19th century, focusing less on scientific threats, crises of faith, and schisms within Victorian churches, and more on how the shifting religious landscape of 19th-century British culture prompted Victorian thinkers to renegotiate their approaches to reading. Using Olive Schriener’s Story of an African Farm (1883) as a prime example, attending to these overlapping iterations of religious experience offers us three correlated opportunities: firstly, it helps students loosen the identity categories they might otherwise consistently apply too tidily. Secondly, it reintroduces literature as a space in which they can evaluate morality. Finally, centring religion in literary studies prompts students to recognise the ways in which the work we do in a literature classroom is itself religious. Together, these pedagogical opportunities produce occasions for metacognition that help students articulate the value of humanistic study in the increasingly instrumentalised landscape of higher education.
Making Strange: Teaching 19th-Century Gothic and Fantastic Literature
Authors: Milbank Alison 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
How can the teacher open what Charles Taylor describes as the ‘immanent frame’ of a secular self-sufficient view of reality? This article describes two modules studying non-realist literary modes—Gothic and fantasy writing—which seek to do this. God and the Gothic reverses the psychological turn in 19th-century Gothic to examine the way Tzvetan Todorov’s idea of the fantastic hesitation can be used to enable an opening to the transcendent and offers a new way of narrating Victorian Gothic through Gaskell, Oliphant, and Machen. Religion and Fantasy invokes the defamiliarising technique of Victor Shklovsky and the magic idealism of Novalis to connect German and British imaginative writing from Coleridge, through John Ruskin, Charles Kingsley, and Christina Rossetti.
A burst storm from the repeating FRB 20200120E in an M81 globular cluster
Authors: Nimmo K , Hessels J W T , Snelders M P , Karuppusamy R , Hewitt D M , Kirsten F , Marcote B , Bach U , Bansod A , Barr E D , Behrend J , Bezrukovs V , Buttaccio S , Feiler R , Gawroński M P , Lindqvist M , Orbidans A , Puchalska W , Wang N , Winchen T , Wolak P , Wu J , Yuan J 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
The repeating fast radio burst (FRB) source FRB 20200120E is exceptional because of its proximity and association with a globular cluster. Here we report 60 bursts detected with the Effelsberg telescope at 1.4 GHz. We observe large variations in the burst rate, and report the first FRB 20200120E ‘burst storm’, where the source suddenly became active and 53 bursts (fluence ≥0.04 Jy ms) occurred within only 40 min. We find no strict periodicity in the burst arrival times, nor any evidence for periodicity in the source’s activity between observations. The burst storm shows a steep energy distribution (power-law index α = 2.39 ± 0.12) and a bimodal wait-time distribution, with log-normal means of 0.94$^{+0.07}_{-0.06}$ s and 23.61$^{+3.06}_{-2.71}$ s. We attribute these wait-time distribution peaks to a characteristic event time-scale and pseudo-Poisson burst rate, respectively. The secondary wait-time peak at ∼1 s is ∼50 × longer than the ∼24 ms time-scale seen for both FRB 20121102A and FRB 20201124A – potentially indicating a larger emission region, or slower burst propagation. FRB 20200120E shows order-of-magnitude lower burst durations and luminosities compared with FRB 20121102A and FRB 20201124A. Lastly, in contrast to FRB 20121102A, which has observed dispersion measure (DM) variations of ΔDM &gt; 1 pc cm−3 on month-to-year time-scales, we determine that FRB 20200120E’s DM has remained stable (ΔDM &lt; 0.15 pc cm−3) over &gt;10 months. Overall, the observational characteristics of FRB 20200120E deviate quantitatively from other active repeaters, but it is unclear whether it is qualitatively a different type of source.
PICSARR: high-precision polarimetry using CMOS image sensors
Authors: Bailey Jeremy , Cotton Daniel V , De Horta Ain , Kedziora-Chudczer Lucyna , Shastri Om 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
We have built and tested a compact, low-cost, but very high performance astronomical polarimeter based on a continuously rotating half-wave plate and a high-speed imaging detector. The polarimeter is suitable for small telescopes up to ∼1 m in aperture. The optical system provides very high transmission over a wide wavelength range from the atmospheric ultraviolet cut-off to ∼1000 nm. The high quantum efficiency, low noise, and high speed of the detectors enable bright stars to be observed with high precision as well as polarization imaging of extended sources. We have measured the performance of the instrument on 20 and 60 cm aperture telescopes. We show some examples of the type of science possible with this instrument. The polarimeter is particularly suited to studies of the wavelength dependence and time variability of the polarization of stars and planets.
Systematic uncertainties in the characterization of helium-dominated metal-polluted white dwarf atmospheres
Authors: Izquierdo Paula , Gänsicke Boris T , Rodríguez-Gil Pablo , Koester Detlev , Toloza Odette , Gentile Fusillo Nicola P , Pala Anna F , Tremblay Pier-Emmanuel 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
White dwarf photospheric parameters are usually obtained by means of spectroscopic or photometric analysis. These results are not always consistent with each other, with the published values often including just the statistical uncertainties. The differences are more dramatic for white dwarfs with helium-dominated photospheres, so to obtain realistic uncertainties we have analysed a sample of 13 of these white dwarfs, applying both techniques to up to three different spectroscopic and photometric data sets for each star. We found mean standard deviations of $\left\langle \sigma {T_{\mathrm{eff}}}\right\rangle = 524$ K, $\left\langle \sigma {\log g}\right\rangle = 0.27$ dex and $\left\langle \sigma {\log (\mathrm{H/He})}\right\rangle = 0.31$ dex for the effective temperature, surface gravity, and relative hydrogen abundance, respectively, when modelling diverse spectroscopic data. The photometric fits provided mean standard deviations up to $\left\langle \sigma {T_{\mathrm{eff}}}\right\rangle = 1210$ K and $\left\langle \sigma {\log g}\right\rangle = 0.13$ dex. We suggest these values to be adopted as realistic lower limits to the published uncertainties in parameters derived from spectroscopic and photometric fits for white dwarfs with similar characteristics. In addition, we investigate the effect of fitting the observational data adopting three different photospheric chemical compositions. In general, pure helium model spectra result in larger Teff compared to those derived from models with traces of hydrogen. The log g shows opposite trends: smaller spectroscopic values and larger photometric ones when compared to models with hydrogen. The addition of metals to the models also affects the derived atmospheric parameters, but a clear trend is not found.
Self-similar solutions in cylindrical magneto-hydrodynamic blast waves with energy injection at the centre
Authors: Gintrand A , Moreno-Gelos Q 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
The evolution of shocks induced by massive stars does not depend only on the ambient magnetic field strength, but also on its orientation. In the present work, the dynamics of a magnetized blast wave is investigated under the influence of both azimuthal and axial ambient magnetic fields. The blast wave is driven by a central source and forms a shell that results from the accumulation of interstellar matter behind the shock front. A similarity form of the ambient magnetic field and a cylindrical geometry of the blast wave are assumed to obtain self-similar solutions. The model is studied separately for both azimuthal and axial magnetic field and applied to stellar wind bubbles and supernova remnants respectively, using 1D numerical simulations. We found that the magnetized blast wave differs from the self-similar case without an ambient magnetic field. The forward shock front goes slower in the azimuthal case and faster in the axial one. For both tangential orientations, the thickness of the shell increases with the magnetic strength. In the azimuthal case, the thermal energy can be converted to magnetic energy near the inner boundary of the shell. Thus, the temperature drops and the magnetic field increases at the tangential discontinuity of the stellar wind bubble. In the axial case of a supernova remnant, the numerical solution always follows a special curve in the parameter space given by the self-similar model.
Dynamical environments of (486958) Arrokoth: prior evolution and present state
Authors: Shevchenko Ivan I , Lages José , Vavilov Dmitrii E , Rollin Guillaume 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTWe consider dynamical environments of (486958) Arrokoth, focusing on both their present state and their long-term evolution, starting from the KBO’s formation. Both analytical (based on an upgraded Kepler-map formalism) and numerical (based on massive simulations and construction of stability diagrams in the 3D setting of the problem) approaches to the problem are used. The debris removal is due to either absorption by the KBO or by leaving the Hill sphere; the interplay of these processes is considered. The clearing mechanisms are explored, and the debris removal time-scales are estimated. We assess survival opportunities for any debris orbiting around Arrokoth. The generic chaotization of Arrokoth’s circumbinary debris disc’s inner zone and generic cloudization of the disc’s periphery, which is shown to be essential in the general 3D case, naturally explains the current absence of any debris in its vicinities.
Stereoscopic observation of simultaneous longitudinal and transverse oscillations in a single filament driven by two-sided-loop jet
Authors: Tan Song , Shen Yuandeng , Zhou Xinping , Tang Zehao , Zhou Chengrui , Duan Yadan , Yao Surui 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
We report the first observations of simultaneous large-amplitude longitudinal and transverse oscillations of a quiescent filament trigged by a two-sided-loop jet formed by the magnetic reconnection between the filament and an emerging loop in the filament channel, recorded by the Solar Dynamics Observatory and the Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory. The north arm of the jet firstly pushed the filament mass moving northwardly along the magnetic field lines consisting of the coronal cavity, then some elevated filament mass fell back and started to oscillate longitudinally at the bottom of the cavity (i.e. the magnetic dip). The northernmost part of the filament also showed transverse oscillation simultaneously. The amplitude and period of the longitudinal (transverse) oscillation are 12.96 (2.99) Mm and 1.18 (0.33) h, respectively. By using the method of filament seismology, the radius of curvature of the magnetic dip is about 151 Mm, consistent with that obtained by the 3D reconstruction (166 Mm). Using different physical parameters of the observed longitudinal and transverse oscillations, the magnetic field strength of the filament is estimated to be about 23 and 21 Gauss, respectively. By calculating the energy of the moving filament mass, the minimum energy of the jet is estimated to be about $1.96 \times 10^{28} \operatorname{erg}$. We conclude that the newly formed jet can not only trigger simultaneous longitudinal and transverse oscillations in a single filament, but also can be used as a seismology tool for diagnosing filament information, such as the magnetic structure, magnetic field strength, and magnetic twists.
The dynamics of co-orbital giant exomoons – applications for the Kepler-1625 b and Kepler-1708 b satellite systems
Authors: Moraes R A , Borderes-Motta G , Winter O C , Mourão D C 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Exomoons are a missing piece of exoplanetary science. Recently, two promising candidates were proposed, Kepler-1625 b-I and Kepler-1708 b-I. While the latter still lacks a dynamical analysis of its stability, Kepler-1625 b-I has already been the subject of several studies regarding its stability and origin. Moreover, previous works have shown that this satellite system could harbour at least two stable massive moons. Motivated by these results, we explored the stability of co-orbital exomoons using the candidates Kepler-1625 b-I and Kepler-1708 b-I as case studies. To do so, we performed numerical simulations of systems composed of the star, planet, and the co-orbital pair formed by the proposed candidates and another massive body. For the additional satellite, we varied its mass and size from a Mars-like to the case where both satellites have the same physical characteristics. We investigated the co-orbital region around the Lagrangian equilibrium point L4 of the system, setting the orbital separation between the satellites from θmin = 30° to θmax = 90°. Our results show that stability islands are possible in the co-orbital region of Kepler-1708 b-I as a function of the co-orbital companion’s mass and angular separation. Also, we identified that resonances of librational frequencies, especially the 2:1 resonance, can constrain the mass of the co-orbital companion. On the other hand, we found that the proximity between the host planet and the star makes the co-orbital region around Kepler-1625 b-I unstable for a massive companion. Finally, we provide TTV profiles for a planet orbited by co-orbital exomoons.
Projected spin–orbit alignments from Kepler asteroseismology and Gaia astrometry
Authors: Ball Warrick H , Triaud Amaury H M J , Hatt Emily , Nielsen Martin B , Chaplin William J 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
The angle between the rotation and orbital axes of stars in binary systems – the obliquity – is an important indicator of how these systems form and evolve, but few such measurements exist. We combine the sample of astrometric orbital inclinations from Gaia Data Release 3 with a sample of solar-like oscillators in which rotational inclinations have been measured using asteroseismology. We supplement our sample with one binary whose visual orbit has been determined using speckle interferometry and present the projected spin–orbit alignments in five systems. We find that each system, and the overall sample, is consistent with alignment but there are important caveats. First, the asteroseismic rotational inclinations are fundamentally ambiguous and, secondly, we can only measure the projected (rather than true) obliquity. If rotational and orbital inclinations are independent and isotropically distributed, the likelihood of drawing our data by chance is less than a few per cent. Though small, our data set argues against uniformly random obliquities in binary systems. We speculate that dozens more measurements could be made using data from NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite mission, mostly in red giants. ESA’s PLAnetary Transits and Oscillations mission will likely produce hundreds more spin–orbit measurements in systems with main-sequence and subgiant stars.