bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic correlations between suicide attempts and psychiatric and intermediate phenotypes adjusting for mental disorders
Authors: Fujikane Daisuke , Ohi Kazutaka , Kuramitsu Ayumi , Takai Kentaro , Muto Yukimasa , Sugiyama Shunsuke , Shioiri Toshiki 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundSuicide attempts are a moderately heritable trait, and genetic correlations with psychiatric and related intermediate phenotypes have been reported. However, as several mental disorders as well as major depressive disorder (MDD) are strongly associated with suicide attempts, these genetic correlations could be mediated by psychiatric disorders. Here, we investigated genetic correlations of suicide attempts with psychiatric and related intermediate phenotypes, with and without adjusting for mental disorders.MethodsTo investigate the genetic correlations, we utilized large-scale genome-wide association study summary statistics for suicide attempts (with and without adjusting for mental disorders), nine psychiatric disorders, and 15 intermediate phenotypes.ResultsWithout adjusting for mental disorders, suicide attempts had significant positive genetic correlations with risks of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD, anxiety disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder; higher risk tolerance; earlier age at first sexual intercourse, at first birth and at menopause; higher parity; lower childhood IQ, educational attainment and cognitive ability; and lower smoking cessation. After adjusting for mental disorders, suicide attempts had significant positive genetic correlations with the risk of MDD; earlier age at first sexual intercourse, at first birth and at menopause; and lower educational attainment. After adjusting for mental disorders, most of the genetic correlations with psychiatric disorders were decreased, while several genetic correlations with intermediate phenotypes were increased.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the importance of considering mental disorders in the analysis of genetic correlations related to suicide attempts and suggest that susceptibility to MDD, reproductive behaviors, and lower educational levels share a genetic basis with suicide attempts after adjusting for mental disorders.
Local Integration of Urban–Rural Social-assistance Programmes in China: What Are the Driving Forces?
Authors: Peng Chenhong , Wang Julia Shu-Huah 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study investigates what drives local variations when pursuing urban–rural equity in social welfare provision in China. We examine how internal features, top-down pressure and horizontal competition have shaped local governments’ decisions to adopt a policy that unifies (yitihua) the urban and rural eligibility thresholds of the world's largest means-tested cash transfer programme (dibao). We collected and coded policies that unify urban–ruraldibaothresholds in 336 prefecture-level divisions between 2011 and 2019. Event history analysis showed that internal fiscal constraint – primarily cost concerns – drove local policy adoption; top-down pressure from provincial governments with a high degree of coercive power in policy directives exerted a significant impact; and the horizontal competition's effect was insignificant. Our findings indicate that fiscal arrangements and top-down policy directives from superior governments with higher coercive power are potent tools to accelerate the adoption of a social welfare policy that would otherwise be unappealing for local officials.
Industrial housing clusters in nineteenth-century Lisbon: finding spatial patterns
Authors: Antunes Gonçalo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article aims to analyse housing solutions used in nineteenth-century Lisbon to deal with explosive demographic and urban development. It particularly focuses on two specific types of industrial housing ensembles created in Lisbon called pátios and vilas operárias. The goal of this article is to analyse the spatial distribution of pátios and vilas operárias in Lisbon. Through the potential of geographic information systems, we aim to understand in a spatial-quantitative way the spatial patterns of these kinds of industrial housing ensembles for the most deprived population. To do so, we used spatial modelling and spatial analysis procedures, including simple spatial distribution, mean centre, standard distance, directional distance and density estimation (hotspots). The new contribution of this article lies in the increase of scientific knowledge about these forms of working-class housing – the pátios and vilas operárias – and their spatial implementation in Lisbon in the second half of the nineteenth century.
How Divided Is Britain? Symbolic Boundaries and Social Cohesion in Post-Brexit Britain
Authors: Richards Lindsay , Heath Anthony 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTIn post-Brexit and post-devolution Britain, relationships among the four nations appear fragile. This article aims to discover where British citizens draw the symbolic boundaries that define in-group and out-group members between nations—in particular, England, Scotland, and Wales—and within England. Within England, we also examine class divides and the North–South divide. We operationalize symbolic boundaries through a set of new innovative measures administered in an online survey in 2019. Questions ascertain agreement that the various groups “share my values,” are “people I could get on with,” and are “straightforward and honest.” Results of our descriptive analysis suggest that boundaries are blurred between the British and the Welsh but sharper for the Scottish. We also find sharp but asymmetrical boundaries within England, between the working class and the middle class, and between Northerners and Southerners. Regional differences in perceptions of Southerners map closely onto those of how well Westminster looks after regional interests, which suggests that power imbalances reduce social cohesion.
Fundamental Fears in Greece (I)
Authors: Makrygiorgos Nikos , Nega Chrysanthi , Karatza Danae 
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Introduction: The present study examined the psychometric properties of a Greek adaptation of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (ASI-3; Taylor et al., 2007 ). Method: We translated the ASI-3 following a forward-backward method and then, in addition to measures of anxiety and depression (DASS-21; Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995 ; Lyrakos et al., 2011 ), we administered it to a nonclinical general population sample ( N = 611) recruited online. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that a bifactor model with three orthogonal group factors best fit the data, followed by a correlated three-factor model. An examination of the dimensionality of the ASI-3 and the reliability of its dimensions suggested the presence of a reliable, strong AS general factor and comparatively weaker group factors. The ASI-3 appears to measure AS invariantly across gender. We report preliminary evidence for its convergent, discriminant, and divergent validity. Conclusion: The Greek adaption of the ASI-3 revealed adequate psychometric properties. Future studies should explore its criterion-related validity by administering the Greek adaptation of the ASI-3 to clinical samples and explore its relationship to other key constructs of anxiety sensitivity’s nomological network.
Biological Uptake, Water Mass Mixing and Scavenging Limit the Transport of Manganese‐Rich Waters From the East Antarctic Shelf
Authors: Latour P. , van der Merwe P. , Wuttig K. , Corkill M. , Townsend A. T. , Holmes T. M. , Rintoul S. R. , Weldrick C. K. , Strzepek R. F. , Gault‐Ringold M. , Schlitzer R. , Bowie A. R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractManganese (Mn) is an essential element involved in photosynthesis, yet its concentrations in Southern Ocean open waters are very low, arising from biological uptake and limited external inputs. At southern latitudes, waters overlying the Antarctic shelf are expected to have much higher Mn concentrations due to their proximity to external sources. In this study, we investigated the potential export of Mn‐rich Antarctic shelf waters toward depleted open Southern Ocean waters. Our results showed that while high Mn concentrations were observed over the shelf, biological uptake decreased dissolved Mn concentrations in surface waters north of the South Antarctic Circumpolar Current Front (<0.1 nmol kg−1), limiting its export. Conversely, mixing between Mn‐rich Antarctic Bottom Waters and Mn‐depleted Lower Circumpolar Deep Waters combined with oxidative and scavenging processes led to a decrease in dissolved Mn concentrations within bottom waters, with distance from the coast. Particulate Mn concentrations also showed a decreasing trend with distance from the coast. A comparison with other Antarctic coastal regions suggests this bottom water Mn removal may be widespread and that East Antarctica may be characterized by lower Mn concentrations compared to other regions. Still, subsurface dissolved Mn maxima (0.3–0.6 nmol kg−1) represented a potential reservoir for surface waters. We hypothesize that these high subsurface values result from external sources near the shelf. Overall, these results suggest that the moderate lateral export of trace metal‐enriched waters contributes to the extremely low and potentially limiting Mn concentrations previously reported further north in this Southern Ocean region.
Continental Deep Subduction Versus Subduction Cessation: The Fate of Collisional Orogens
Authors: Wang Yang , Li Zhong‐Hai , Huangfu Pengpeng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe contrasting fates of collisional orogens, that is, continental deep subduction or subduction cessation, are widely recognized by petrological, paleomagnetic and geophysical observations. However, the mechanisms of such different collisional modes, especially the dynamics of continental deep subduction, are controversial. In this study, we integrate the phase transition‐induced density evolutions into a thermo‐mechanical numerical model. Combing the systematic petrological‐thermo‐mechanical models with force balance analysis, we find that the high metamorphic transformation degree, mildly depleted mantle composition of the subcontinental lithosphere, and a long preceding oceanic slab, increase the driving force for continental deep subduction. Additionally, the rheologically weak continental crust and asthenospheric mantle decrease the resistance force and promote deep subduction. Otherwise, the continental subduction cessation mode is favored. The calculations of slab negative buoyancy indicate that the phase transition‐induced metamorphic densification of the subducted continental crust and the mildly to moderately depleted lithospheric mantle can provide a great slab pull force to sustain the continued continental deep subduction; however, the positive buoyancy of highly depleted Archean lithospheric mantle impedes deep subduction and causes subduction cessation. Based on systematic numerical models, we also evaluate the crustal mass balance or deficit in continental collisional system, which indicates that ∼12%–47% of pre‐collisional felsic crust could be subducted deeply with the sinking slab in the regime of continental deep subduction. In contrast, the recycled felsic crust is negligible in the regime of subduction cessation. Thus, the different modes of continental collision play a crucial role in the global crustal recycling and related mantle heterogeneities.
Environmental Controls on MCS Lifetime Rainfall Over Tropical Oceans
Authors: Chen Xingchao , Leung L. Ruby , Feng Zhe , Yang Qiu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMesoscale convective systems (MCSs) contribute a majority of rainfall over tropical oceans. However, our understanding of the environmental controls on tropical oceanic MCS precipitation remains incomplete. Using 20‐year of satellite observations, reanalysis data, and MCS tracking, we found that MCSs initiating in a mesoscale environment with enhanced lower‐free‐tropospheric moisture, warmer middle troposphere, stronger low‐level ascent, and stronger deep‐layer (surface‐400 hPa) wind shear tend to produce more precipitation during their lifetimes. While most of these environmental factors are correlated with one another, the deep‐layer shear is not. A rapid pickup in MCS lifetime rainfall is found when the lower‐free‐tropospheric specific humidity exceeds 10 g kg−1. This nonlinearity is mostly dominated by the nonlinear increase in MCS area. On the other hand, both MCS area and rain rate increase quasi‐linearly with the deep‐layer shear. The increase in rain rate is related to the enhancement of heavy precipitating convective activity with deep‐layer shear.
Inhibition of Toll-like receptor 4 and Interleukin-1 receptor prevent SARS-CoV-2 mediated kidney injury
Authors: Nakazawa Daigo , Takeda Yohei , Kanda Masatoshi , Tomaru Utano , Ogawa Haruko , Kudo Takashi , Shiratori-Aso Satoka , Watanabe-Kusunoki Kanako , Ueda Yusho , Miyoshi Atsuko , Hattanda Fumihiko , Nishio Saori , Uozumi Ryo , Ishizu Akihiro , Atsumi Tatsuya 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and severe complication of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) directly affects the glomerular and tubular epithelial cells to induce AKI; however, its pathophysiology remains unclear. Here, we explored the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic targets of renal involvement in COVID-19. We developed an in vitro human kidney cellular model, including immortalized tubular epithelial and endothelial cell lines, demonstrating that SARS-CoV-2 directly triggers cell death. To identify the molecular targets in the process of SARS-CoV-2-mediated cell injury, we performed transcriptional analysis using RNA sequencing. Tubular epithelial cells were more prone to dying by SARS-CoV-2 than endothelial cells; however, SARS-CoV-2 did not replicate in renal cells, distinct from VeroE6/transmembrane protease serine 2 cells. Transcriptomic analysis revealed increased inflammatory and immune-related gene expression levels in renal cells incubated with SARS-CoV-2. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 in renal cells recognized viral RNA and underwent cell death. Furthermore, analysis of upstream regulators identified several key transcriptional regulators. Among them, inhibition of the interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) and TLR4 pathways protects tubular epithelial and endothelial cells from injury via regulation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription protein-3/nuclear factor-kB pathway. Our results reveal that SARS-CoV-2 directly injures renal cells via the proinflammatory response without viral replication, and that IL-1R and TLR4 may be used as therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV-2 mediated kidney injury.
Characterization of circSEC11A as a novel regulator of Iodine-125 radioactive seed-induced anticancer effects in hepatocellular carcinoma via targeting ZHX2/GADD34 axis
Authors: Li Dong , Wang Wujie , Liu Bin , Jin Die , Wang Yang , He Guanghui , Guo Lei , Liu Wen , Li Yuliang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIodine-125 (I-125) radioactive seed implantation is used for the local treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the molecular mechanisms regulating its anticancer effects remain incompletely understood. In this study, we report that hsa_circ_0000647 (circSEC11A) is highly expressed after I-125 treatment in HCC cell lines and tissues and is a key regulator of I-125-induced anticancer effects. CircSEC11A acts as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to sponge miR-3529-3p, promoting the expression of zinc fingers and homeoboxes 2 (ZHX2) and enhancing I-125-induced anticancer effects. Dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation, and fluorescence in situ hybridization were thereafter performed to verify the interaction among the molecules. Anticancer effects were detected using CCK-8, flow cytometry, TUNEL, EdU, transwell, and wound healing assays. Furthermore, ZHX2 transcriptionally inhibits GADD34, a negative regulator of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), to enhance I-125- induced anticancer effects in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, we characterized circSEC11A as a novel regulator of I-125-induced anticancer effects in HCC via miR-3529-3p/ZHX2/GADD34 axis-mediated ERS. Thus, circSEC11A may act as a potential therapeutic target for I-125 implantation in the clinic.
Full-color persistent room temperature phosphorescent elastomers with robust optical properties
Authors: Wei Juan , Zhu Mingye , Du Tingchen , Li Jangang , Dai Peiling , Liu Chenyuan , Duan Jiayu , Liu Shujuan , Zhou Xingcheng , Zhang Sudi , Guo Luo , Wang Hao , Ma Yun , Huang Wei , Zhao Qiang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPersistent room temperature phosphorescent materials with unique mechanical properties and robust optical properties have great potential in flexible electronics and photonics. However, developing such materials remains a formidable challenge. Here, we present highly stretchable, lightweight, and multicolored persistent luminescence elastomers, produced by incorporating ionic room temperature phosphorescent polymers and polyvinyl alcohol into a polydimethylsiloxane matrix. These prepared elastomers exhibit high optical transparency in daylight and emit bright persistent luminescence after the removal of 365 nm excitation. The homogeneous distribution of polymers within the matrix has been confirmed by confocal fluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Mechanical property investigations revealed that the prepared persistent luminescence elastomers possess satisfactory stretchability. Impressively, these elastomers maintain robust optical properties even under extensive and repeated mechanical deformations, a characteristic previously unprecedented. These fantastic features make these persistent luminescence elastomers ideal candidates for potential applications in wearable devices, flexible displays, and anti-counterfeiting.
Complementarity-determining region clustering may cause CAR-T cell dysfunction
Authors: Sarén Tina , Saronio Giulia , Marti Torrell Paula , Zhu Xu , Thelander Josefin , Andersson Yasmin , Hofström Camilla , Nestor Marika , Dimberg Anna , Persson Helena , Ramachandran Mohanraj , Yu Di , Essand Magnus 
Published: August 2023

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy is rapidly advancing as cancer treatment, however, designing an optimal CAR remains challenging. A single-chain variable fragment (scFv) is generally used as CAR targeting moiety, wherein the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) define its specificity. We report here that the CDR loops can cause CAR clustering, leading to antigen-independent tonic signalling and subsequent CAR-T cell dysfunction. We show via CARs incorporating scFvs with identical framework and varying CDR sequences that CARs may cluster on the T cell surface, which leads to antigen-independent CAR-T cell activation, characterized by increased cell size and interferon (IFN)-γ secretion. This results in CAR-T cell exhaustion, activation-induced cell death and reduced responsiveness to target-antigen-expressing tumour cells. CDR mutagenesis confirms that the CAR-clustering is mediated by CDR-loops. In summary, antigen-independent tonic signalling can be induced by CDR-mediated CAR clustering, which could not be predicted from the scFv sequences, but could be tested for by evaluating the activity of unstimulated CAR-T cells.
High-energy photoemission final states beyond the free-electron approximation
Authors: Strocov V. N. , Lev L. L. , Alarab F. , Constantinou P. , Wang X. , Schmitt T. , Stock T. J. Z. , Nicolaï L. , Očenášek J. , Minár J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) electronic band structure is fundamental for understanding a vast diversity of physical phenomena in solid-state systems, including topological phases, interlayer interactions in van der Waals materials, dimensionality-driven phase transitions, etc. Interpretation of ARPES data in terms of 3D electron dispersions is commonly based on the free-electron approximation for the photoemission final states. Our soft-X-ray ARPES data on Ag metal reveals, however, that even at high excitation energies the final states can be a way more complex, incorporating several Bloch waves with different out-of-plane momenta. Such multiband final states manifest themselves as a complex structure and added broadening of the spectral peaks from 3D electron states. We analyse the origins of this phenomenon, and trace it to other materials such as Si and GaN. Our findings are essential for accurate determination of the 3D band structure over a wide range of materials and excitation energies in the ARPES experiment.
Cell-type-specific co-expression inference from single cell RNA-sequencing data
Authors: Su Chang , Xu Zichun , Shan Xinning , Cai Biao , Zhao Hongyu , Zhang Jingfei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe advancement of single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology has enabled the direct inference of co-expressions in specific cell types, facilitating our understanding of cell-type-specific biological functions. For this task, the high sequencing depth variations and measurement errors in scRNA-seq data present two significant challenges, and they have not been adequately addressed by existing methods. We propose a statistical approach, CS-CORE, for estimating and testing cell-type-specific co-expressions, that explicitly models sequencing depth variations and measurement errors in scRNA-seq data. Systematic evaluations show that most existing methods suffered from inflated false positives as well as biased co-expression estimates and clustering analysis, whereas CS-CORE gave accurate estimates in these experiments. When applied to scRNA-seq data from postmortem brain samples from Alzheimer’s disease patients/controls and blood samples from COVID-19 patients/controls, CS-CORE identified cell-type-specific co-expressions and differential co-expressions that were more reproducible and/or more enriched for relevant biological pathways than those inferred from existing methods.
How climate policy commitments influence energy systems and the economies of US states
Authors: Bergquist Parrish , Warshaw Christopher 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the United States, state governments have been the locus of action for addressing climate change. However, the lack of a holistic measure of state climate policy has prevented a comprehensive assessment of state policies’ effectiveness. Here, we assemble information from 25 individual policies to develop an aggregate index of state climate policies from 2000-2020. The climate policy index highlights variation between states which is difficult to assess in single policy studies. Next, we examine the environmental and economic consequences of state climate policy. A standard-deviation increase in climate policy is associated with a 5% reduction in per-capita electricity-sector CO2 emissions and a 2% reduction in economy-wide CO2 emissions per capita. We do not find evidence that more stringent climate policy harms states’ economies. Our results make clear the benefits of state climate policy, while showing that current state efforts are unlikelyto meet the US goal under the Paris Climate Accord.