bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pooled Phase 2 and 3 Efficacy and Safety Data on Budesonide Oral Suspension in Adolescents with Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Authors: Mukkada Vincent A. , Gupta Sandeep K. , Gold Benjamin D. , Dellon Evan S. , Collins Margaret H. , Katzka David A. , Falk Gary W. , Williams James , Zhang Wenwen , Boules Mena , Hirano Ikuo , Desai Nirav K. 
Published: September 2023

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of budesonide oral suspension (BOS) in adolescents with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE).

Methods:
This post hoc analysis pooled data from two 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies of BOS 2.0 mg twice daily (b.i.d.) (phase 2, NCT01642212; phase 3, NCT02605837) in patients aged 11–17 years with EoE and dysphagia. Efficacy endpoints included histologic (≤6, ≤1, and <15 eosinophils per high-power field [eos/hpf]), dysphagia symptom (≥30% reduction in Dysphagia Symptom Questionnaire [DSQ] scores from baseline), and clinicopathologic (≤6 eos/hpf and ≥30% reduction in DSQ scores from baseline) responses at week 12. Change from baseline to week 12 in peak eosinophil counts, DSQ scores, EoE Histology Scoring System (EoEHSS) grade (severity) and stage (extent) total score ratios (TSRs), and total EoE Endoscopic Reference Scores (EREFS) were assessed. Safety outcomes were also examined.

Results:
Overall, 76 adolescents were included (BOS, n = 45; placebo, n = 31). Significantly more patients who received BOS than placebo achieved histologic responses (≤6 eos/hpf: 46.7% vs 6.5%; ≤1 eos/hpf: 42.2% vs 0.0%; <15 eos/hpf: 53.3% vs 9.7%; P < 0.001) and a clinicopathologic response (31.1% vs 3.2%; P = 0.003) at week 12. More BOS-treated than placebo-treated patients achieved a dysphagia symptom response at week 12 (68.9% vs 58.1%; not statistically significant P = 0.314). BOS-treated patients had significantly greater reductions in EoEHSS grade and stage TSRs (P < 0.001) and total EREFS (P = 0.021) from baseline to week 12 than placebo-treated patients. BOS was well tolerated, with no clinically meaningful differences in adverse events versus placebo.

Conclusions:
BOS 2.0 mg b.i.d. significantly improved most efficacy outcomes in adolescents with EoE versus placebo.
A live-cell ergosterol reporter for visualization of the effects of fluconazole on a human fungal pathogen
Authors: Serrano Antonio , Basante-Bedoya Miguel A. , Bassilana Martine , Arkowitz Robert A. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTErgosterol, an essential plasma membrane amphipathic lipid, is a major component of the fungal plasma membrane. Most fungal pathogens are sensitive to azole drugs that target ergosterol biosynthesis and resistance/tolerance to azoles is increasingly problematic. <i>Candida albicans</i> is the most prevalent etiology of candidiasis and, in this fungal pathogen, ergosterol rich sub-domains are likely to include sphingolipids, as well as specific membrane proteins, such as multidrug transporters. To investigate the dynamics of ergosterol during the cell cycle and whether drug treatment affects these dynamics in this opportunistic pathogen, we adapted the D4H (domain 4 of the perfringolysin O bacterial toxin) reporter for studying sterol-rich membrane domains. We show that D4H provides a direct readout for the cellular effects of fluconazole and that highly polarized ergosterol is not critical for budding or filamentous growth.
Temporal profiling of human lymphoid tissues reveals coordinated defence to viral challenge
Authors: Coates Matthew L. , Richoz Nathan , Tuong Zewen K. , Bowyer Georgie , Lee Colin Y.C. , Ferdinand John R. , Gillman Eleanor , McClure Mark , Di Marco Barros Rafael , Stewart Benjamin J , Clatworthy Menna R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAdaptive immunity is generated in lymphoid organs, but how these structures defend themselves during infection in humans is unknown. The nasal epithelium is a major site of viral entry, with adenoid nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) generating early adaptive responses. Here, using a nasopharyngeal biopsy, we examined longitudinal immune responses in NALT following viral challenge, using SARS-CoV-2 infection as a natural experimental model. In acute infection, infiltrating monocytes formed a subepithelial and peri-follicular shield, recruiting NET-forming neutrophils, whilst tissue macrophages expressed pro-repair molecules during convalescence to promote the restoration of tissue integrity. Germinal centre B cells expressed anti-viral transcripts that inversely correlated with fate-defining transcription factors. Among T cells, tissue-resident memory CD8 T cells alone showed clonal expansion and maintained cytotoxic transcriptional programmes into convalescence. Together our study provides a unique insight into how human nasal adaptive immune responses are generated and sustained in the face of viral challenge.
Deep Learning for Heart Sound Analysis: A Literature Review
Authors: Zhao Qinghao , Geng Shijia , Wang Boya , Sun Yutong , Nie Wenchang , Bai Baochen , Yu Chao , Zhang Feng , Tang Gongzheng , Zhang Deyun , Zhou Yuxi , Liu Jian , Hong Shenda 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHeart sound auscultation is a physical examination routinely used in clinical practice to identify potential cardiac abnormalities. However, accurate interpretation of heart sounds requires specialized training and experience, thereby limiting its generalizability. Deep learning, a subset of machine learning, involves training artificial neural networks to learn from large datasets and perform complex tasks related to intricate patterns, such as disease diagnosis, event prediction, and clinical decision-making. Over the past decade, deep learning has been successfully applied to heart sound analysis with remarkable achievements. Meanwhile, as heart sound analysis is gaining attention, many public and private heart sound datasets have been established for model training. The massive accumulation of heart sound data improves the performance of deep learning-based heart sound models and extends their clinical application scenarios. In this review, we will compile the commonly used datasets in heart sound analysis, introduce the fundamentals and state-of-the-art techniques in heart sound analysis and deep learning, and summarize the current applications of deep learning for heart sound analysis and their limitations for future improvement.
Platelet dysfunction reversal with cold-stored vs. room temperature-stored platelet transfusions
Authors: Kogler Valery J. , Miles Jeffrey A. , Özpolat Tahsin , Bailey S. Lawrence , Byrne Daire A. , Bawcom-Randall Morgan , Wang Yi , Larsen Hannah J. , Reed Franklin , Fu Xiaoyun , Stolla Moritz 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundPlatelets are stored at room temperature for 5-7 days (RSP). Due to frequent and severe shortages, the FDA recently approved up to 14-day cold-stored platelets in plasma (CSP). However, the post-transfusion function of CSP is unknown and it is unclear which donors are best suited to provide either RSP and/or CSP.ObjectiveTo evaluate thepost-transfusionfunction and predictors ofpost-transfusionfunction for platelets stored for the maximum approved storage times (7-day RSP, 14-day CSP) in healthy volunteers on acetylsalicylic acid (ASA).MethodsWe conducted a randomized cross-over study in ten healthy humans. Subjects donated one platelet unit stored at either RT (RSP) or 4 °C (CSP) based on randomization. Before transfusion, subjects ingested ASA to inhibit endogenous platelets. Transfusion recipients were tested for platelet function and lipid mediators. Platelet units were tested for lipid mediators only. A second round with transfusion of the alternative product and an identical testing sequence followed.ResultsRSP reversed platelet inhibition significantly better in αIIbβ3 integrin activation-dependent assays. In contrast, CSP led to significantly more thrombin generation in recipients, which was not dependent on platelet microparticles, but CSP themselves. Lysophosphatidylcholine-O (Lyso-Platelet Activating Factor) species levels predicted the procoagulant capacity of CSP. In contrast, polyunsaturated fatty acid concentration predicted the aggregation response of RSP.ConclusionWe provide the first efficacy data of extended-stored CSP in plasma. Our results suggest that identifying ideal RSP and CSP donors is possible and pave the way for larger studies in the future.Graphical Abstract 1:Overview of CSP function after 14 days of storage (Created with Biorender)
Intra-ocular Predation of Fluoroquinolone-ResistantPseudomonas aeruginosaandSerratia marcescensby Predatory Bacteria
Authors: Romanowski Eric G. , Brothers Kimberly M. , Calvario Rachel C. , Stella Nicholas A. , Kim Tami , Elsayed Mennat , Kadouri Daniel E. , Shanks Robert M. Q. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEndogenous endophthalmitis caused by Gram-negative bacteria is an intra-ocular infection that can rapidly progress to irreversible loss of vision. While most endophthalmitis isolates are susceptible to antibiotic therapy, the emergence of resistant bacteria necessitates alternative approaches to combat intraocular bacterial proliferation. In this study the ability of predatory bacteria to limit intraocular growth ofPseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, andStaphylococcus aureuswas evaluated in a New Zealand White rabbit endophthalmitis prevention model. Predatory bacteriaBdellovibrio bacteriovorusandMicavibrio aeruginosavoruswere able to reduce proliferation of keratitis isolates ofP. aeruginosaandS. marcescens. However, it was not able to significantly reduceS. aureus, which is not a productive prey for these predatory bacteria, suggesting that the inhibitory effect onP. aeruginosarequires active predation rather than an antimicrobial immune response. Similarly, UV-inactivatedB. bacteriovoruswere unable to prevent proliferation ofP. aeruginosa. Together, these data suggestin vivopredation of Gram-negative bacteria within the intra-ocular environment.
Identification of neuronal ensembles involved in remote fear memory extinction impairments
Authors: Tomaszewski Kamil F. , Łukasiewicz Kacper , Robacha Magdalena , Radwańska Kasia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRemote memory consolidation, extinction, and its impairments have been of interest to researchers for years, especially due to its clinical relevance in patients with emotional disorders, like PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder), anxiety, and phobias. Its neuronal substrates are key elements to understand the persistent nature of remote memory and open a new perspective to novel therapeutic approaches for human fear-related disorders. While the majority of reports investigate the mechanisms and ensembles of recent fear memory extinction (hours to days following conditioning), only a few refer to the remote time point (i.e. weeks after conditioning), usually describing successful memory extinction. The neuronal correlates of impaired remote fear memory extinction were yet beyond the scope. Here we present selective impairment of contextual remote fear memory extinction in alpha calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (αCaMKII) autophosphorylation-limited mice (T286A+/-). To map brain regions involved in this phenomenon, we applied screening of c-Fos expression, a neuroplasticity marker, across 23 brain areas following contextual fear conditioning and extinction of recent (1-day old) and remote (30-days old) fear memory in WT and T286A+/-mice. Following impaired remote fear memory extinction in T286A+/-mice, we found upregulated c-Fos expression in the entorhinal cortex (ENT), nucleus reuniens (RE), centromedial (CM), mediodorsal (MD), anterodorsal (AD) thalamic nuclei, and medial septum (MS), compared to WT animals performing normal remote fear memory extinction. Thus our data suggest that αCaMKII-autophosphorylation-dependent c-Fos expression in these areas controls distant contextual fear extinction and may shed light on these brain regions as potential targets for therapeutic strategies against emotional disorders such as PTSD.
Multiple Introductions of Mpox virus to Ireland during the 2022 International Outbreak
Authors: Gonzalez Gabriel , Carr Michael , Kelleher Tomás M. , O’Byrne Emer , Banka Weronika , Keogan Brian , Bennett Charlene , Franzoni Geraldine , Keane Patrice , Meredith Luke W. , Fletcher Nicola , Urtasun-Elizari Jose Maria , Dean Jonathan , Crowley Brendan , Igoe Derval , Robinson Eve , Martin Greg , Connell Jeff , De Gascun Cillian F. , Hare Daniel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundmpox (formerly Monkeypox) virus (MPXV) was considered a rare zoonotic disease prior to May 2022, when a global epidemic of cases in non-endemic countries led to the declaration of a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Previously, mpox infection was associated with symptoms similar to smallpox, although substantially less severe, including fever, an extensive characteristic rash and swollen lymph nodes.AimElucidating the origin and molecular characteristics of the virus circulating in the Republic of Ireland in the period between May and November 2022.MethodsWhole-genome sequencing of all MPXV cases (80%; n=178/219) analysed against sequences from public databases (n=2695). Bayesian approaches were used to infer the divergence time between sequences from different subclades and transmission events involving different countries.ResultsThe circulating virus belonged to the clade IIb B.1 lineage and, notably, the presence of twelve separable and highly-supported subclades consistent with multiple introductions into the country. Such a hypothesis of multiple importation events was supported further by the estimation of the time to the divergence of subclades. Additionally, inferred MPXV transmissions involving different countries and continents were indicative of an extended international spread. The analysis of the mutations in the Irish sequences revealed 93% of the mutations were from cytosine to thymine (or from guanine to adenine), leading to a high number of non-synonymous mutations across the subclades.ConclusionIn the context of extremely high national sequencing coverage, we provide new insights into the international origin and transmission dynamics supporting multiple introductions into the Republic of Ireland.Conflict of InterestsNone to declare.
Related party transactions, ownership structures and cost of debt: evidence from GCC listed firms
Authors: Eulaiwi Baban , Al-Hadi Al-Hadi Ahmed , Duong Lien , Perrin Brian , Taylor Grantley 
Published: September 2023

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the relation between firms’ use of related party transactions (RPTs) and cost of debt (COD) in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries.Design/methodology/approachThe authors obtain data from annual reports and the Standard and Poor’s Capital IQ database over the period 2005–2016 period of nonfinancial publicly listed firms on the UAE, KSA, Oman, Bahrain, Kuwait and Qatar stock exchanges. Using a final sample of 1,810 firm-year observations, the authors empirically assess the relation between strategic use of RPTs, the COD issuance and the moderating effects of governance mechanisms.FindingsThe authors find that high levels of total RPTs and purchase-based RPTs increase firms’ COD. Furthermore, propping of sales through increased sale-based RPTs is found not to have a significant effect on firms’ COD. The authors also find that ownership factors pertaining to family member founding and royal family ownership negatively moderate the association between the firm’s RPTs and COD. Additionally, the voluntary formation of executive committees has a positive and significant mediating effect on the relation between firms’ purchase-based RPTs and COD. The results are robust to several additional tests and alternative measurement specifications.Research limitations/implicationsThe positive relationship between purchase-based RPTs and firm financing costs is magnified in countries with high quality of RPT disclosures. This has implications for funding of GCC entities by governments and financial institutions.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to examine how wealth transfer via RPTs in the GCC region is associated with higher COD. The authors also contribute to the outcome of emerging governance regimes in the GCC, which could impact the level of credit risk and/or default risk faced by a firm and, thus, the relation between RPTs and COD. In doing so, the authors provide a more nuanced study by investigating the potential channels that could account for such a relation in an emerging market setting.
ICICI Bank and SBI – too big to fail
Authors: Bhusan Soumik , Singh Amrinder 
Published: September 2023

Learning outcomes
The learning outcomes of this study are to gain an understanding of the banking regulations and their impact on banking performance, to understand the intermediation role of banks by channelizing depositors’ savings and providing loans to borrowers, to explain an impact of a recent regulatory change in the Indian banking that directly impacts their financial performance, to critically evaluate the different financial ratios to analyze the performance of a bank and to build a DuPont analysis framework for banks.

Case overview/synopsis
The case serves as a primer on banking regulations in India and provides insights into banking performance. Banking regulations play an important role in maintaining financial stability, specifically in emerging economies like India. The protagonist of the case is Salil Kumar who presented his internship project to the review committee of Stock Investment Company on April 16, 2021. However, he had to rework and present his final project within seven days on the basis of the feedback received from the committee. Kumar faced the dilemma of bringing together a comparative study across two banks, namely, Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India (ICICI Bank) and State Bank of India (SBI) and building a DuPont framework covering the different aspects of banking performance. The case exemplifies the intricate regulatory landscape in India within which banks operate and highlights the recent alterations introduced by the Reserve Bank of India. For instance, the framework for dealing with domestic systemically important banks (D-SIBs) was introduced in 2014 and subsequently adopted in August 2015. The D-SIB framework provides inherent guarantee to large banks such as ICICI Bank and SBI. This ensures government backup in the event of any failure, thereby securing financial stability. The case study is suitable for banking and financial accounting courses taught in postgraduate management programs. Once the case is studied, the students are expected to understand the basics of banking, regulations, impact of regulations on banking performance and financial measures.

Complexity academic level
The case provides valuable insights into the intricate dynamics of the banking industry, offering a critical perspective for analysis. A well-structured teaching note would serve as a valuable tool for instructors, allowing them to facilitate engaging classroom discussions and effectively guide students toward achieving the desired teaching objectives.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 1: Accounting and Finance.
ODLC_SAM: a novel LiDAR SLAM system towards open-air environments with loop closure
Authors: Zhang Jiazhong , Wang Shuai , Tan Xiaojun 
Published: September 2023

Purpose
The light detection and ranging sensor has been widely deployed in the area of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) for its remarkable accuracy, but obvious drift phenomenon and large accumulated error are inevitable when using SLAM. The purpose of this study is to alleviate the accumulated error and drift phenomenon in the process of mapping.

Design/methodology/approach
A novel light detection and ranging SLAM system is introduced based on Normal Distributions Transform and dynamic Scan Context with switch. The pose-graph optimization is used as back-end optimization module. The loop closure detection is only operated in the scenario, while the path satisfies conditions of loop-closed.

Findings
The proposed algorithm exhibits competitiveness compared with current approaches in terms of the accumulated error and drift distance. Further, supplementary to the place recognition process that is usually performed for loop detection, the authors introduce a novel dynamic constraint that takes into account the change in the direction of the robot throughout the total path trajectory between corresponding frames, which contributes to avoiding potential misidentifications and improving the efficiency.

Originality/value
The proposed system is based on Normal Distributions Transform and dynamic Scan Context with switch. The pose-graph optimization is used as back-end optimization module. The loop closure detection is only operated in the scenario, while the path satisfies condition of loop-closed.
Interprofessional education for mental health professions and peer support workers – to facilitate learning in teamwork
Authors: Viking Tuija , Repper Julie 
Published: September 2023

Purpose
In mental health care the peer support workers (PSWs) are, by their experience based expertise, supporting the recovery of people using services and have also been shown to stimulate interprofessional learning (IPL) but which, due to hierarchical teams, is challenged. Therefore, to prepare the teams for IPL that includes PSWs, this study aims to suggest an interprofessional education (IPE) for mental health professions and PSWs. What would such an education look like?

Design/methodology/approach
The base, in the development of the IPE, is two earlier studies of teams’ inclusion of PSWs and the IPL.

Findings
The present study suggests Knowledge base 1 with three categories: different roles, expertise and perspectives, and Knowledge base 2 with two categories: teamwork and IPL. The conclusion is that such online IPE offers a readiness for mental health professions and PSWs, in teamwork, to exchange their different expertise to facilitate IPL. This is important to improve the quality of mental health services.

Research limitations/implications
One limitation is that the empirical study, this paper is based on, is a small-scaled study. Nevertheless, the main results from this study and the other were considered useful as a ground for the development of the IPE.

Originality/value
By suggesting an IPE for mental health professions and PSWs, this paper adds to the literature on peer support as well as IPL.