bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Spatiotemporal Neural Dynamics of Object Recognition for Natural Images and Line Drawings
Authors: Singer Johannes J.D. , Cichy Radoslaw M. , Hebart Martin N. 
Published: December 2022

Drawings offer a simple and efficient way to communicate meaning. While line drawings capture only coarsely how objects look in reality, we still perceive them as resembling real-world objects. Previous work has shown that this perceived similarity is mirrored by shared neural representations for drawings and natural images, which suggests that similar mechanisms underlie the recognition of both. However, other work has proposed that representations of drawings and natural images become similar only after substantial processing has taken place, suggesting distinct mechanisms. To arbitrate between those alternatives, we measured brain responses resolved in space and time using fMRI and MEG, respectively, while human participants (female and male) viewed images of objects depicted as photographs, line drawings, or sketch-like drawings. Using multivariate decoding, we demonstrate that object category information emerged similarly fast and across overlapping regions in occipital, ventral-temporal, and posterior parietal cortex for all types of depiction, yet with smaller effects at higher levels of visual abstraction. In addition, cross-decoding between depiction types revealed strong generalization of object category information from early processing stages on. Finally, by combining fMRI and MEG data using representational similarity analysis, we found that visual information traversed similar processing stages for all types of depiction, yet with an overall stronger representation for photographs. Together, our results demonstrate broad commonalities in the neural dynamics of object recognition across types of depiction, thus providing clear evidence for shared neural mechanisms underlying recognition of natural object images and abstract drawings.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWhen we see a line drawing, we effortlessly recognize it as an object in the world despite its simple and abstract style. Here we asked to what extent this correspondence in perception is reflected in the brain. To answer this question, we measured how neural processing of objects depicted as photographs and line drawings with varying levels of detail (from natural images to abstract line drawings) evolves over space and time. We find broad commonalities in the spatiotemporal dynamics and the neural representations underlying the perception of photographs and even abstract drawings. These results indicate a shared basic mechanism supporting recognition of drawings and natural images.
Fighting antibiotic resistance—strategies and (pre)clinical developments to find new antibacterials
Authors: Walesch Sebastian , Birkelbach Joy , Jézéquel Gwenaëlle , Haeckl F P Jake , Hegemann Julian D , Hesterkamp Thomas , Hirsch Anna K H , Hammann Peter , Müller Rolf 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAntibacterial resistance is one of the greatest threats to human health. The development of new therapeutics against bacterial pathogens has slowed drastically since the approvals of the first antibiotics in the early and mid‐20th century. Most of the currently investigated drug leads are modifications of approved antibacterials, many of which are derived from natural products. In this review, we highlight the challenges, advancements and current standing of the clinical and preclinical antibacterial research pipeline. Additionally, we present novel strategies for rejuvenating the discovery process and advocate for renewed and enthusiastic investment in the antibacterial discovery pipeline.
Influence of Surface Resistance of Silicon p-i-n Photodiodes n+-Layer on their Electrical Parameters
Authors: Kukurudziak M.S. 
Published: December 2022

Silicon quadrant p-i-n photodiodes of different concentrations of diffused phosphorus in the n+- layer were fabricated. The experimental curve of phosphorus impurity distribution along the depth of the diffusion layer is obtained. The influence of charge carrier concentration in this layer on the dark currents of responsive elements and the guard ring was studied. Volt-ampere characteristics of photodiodes were measured. It was seen that when the surface resistance of the n+-layer decreases, the dark currents decrease, the samples with a surface resistance of 1,9 – 2,4 Ohm / □ have approximately the same level of dark currents of responsive areas, i.e. further increase in charge carrier concentration makes no change. As to dark currents of photodiode guard rings, it was found that for the most part they depend on the state of the crystal periphery but not on the level of doping. The influence of the surface resistance of the n+-layer on interconnection resistance between the responsive areas and the protective ring, and no influence on the capacitance of the photodiodes were revealed.
Congenital Hypothyroidism: Screening and Management
Authors: Rose Susan R. , Wassner Ari J. , Wintergerst Kupper A. , Yayah-Jones Nana-Hawa , Hopkin Robert J. , Chuang Janet , Smith Jessica R. , Abell Katherine , LaFranchi Stephen H. ,   SECTION ON ENDOCRINOLOGY EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE, Wintergerst Kupper A. , Bethin Kathleen E. , Bruggeman Brittany , Brodsky Jill L. , Jelley David H. , Marshall Bess A. , Mastrandrea Lucy D. , Lynch Jane L. ,   COUNCIL ON GENETICS EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE, Burke Leah W. , Geleske Timothy A. , Holm Ingrid A. , Introne Wendy J. , Jones Kelly , Lyons Michael J. , Monteil Danielle C. , Pritchard Amanda B. , Smith Trapane Pamela Lyn , Vergano Samantha A. , Weaver Kathryn , Alexander Aimee A. , C4unniff Christopher , Null Mary E. , Parisi Melissa A. , Ralson Steven J , Scott Joan , Spire Paul 
Published: December 2022

Untreated congenital hypothyroidism (CH) leads to intellectual disabilities. Newborn screening (NBS) for CH should be performed in all infants. Prompt diagnosis by NBS leading to early and adequate treatment results in grossly normal neurocognitive outcomes in adulthood. However, NBS for hypothyroidism is not yet practiced in all countries globally. Seventy percent of neonates worldwide do not undergo NBS.
The recommended initial treatment of CH is levothyroxine, 10 to 15 mcg/kg daily. The goals of treatment are to maintain consistent euthyroidism with normal thyroid-stimulating hormone and with free thyroxine in the upper half of the age-specific reference range during the first 3 years of life. Controversy remains regarding the detection of thyroid dysfunction and optimal management of special populations, including preterm or low-birth-weight infants and infants with transient or mild CH, trisomy 21, or central hypothyroidism.
NBS alone is not sufficient to prevent adverse outcomes from CH in a pediatric population. In addition to NBS, the management of CH requires timely confirmation of the diagnosis, accurate interpretation of thyroid function testing, effective treatment, and consistent follow-up. Physicians need to consider hypothyroidism in the face of clinical symptoms, even if NBS thyroid test results are normal. When clinical symptoms and signs of hypothyroidism are present (such as large posterior fontanelle, large tongue, umbilical hernia, prolonged jaundice, constipation, lethargy, and/or hypothermia), measurement of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone and free thyroxine is indicated, regardless of NBS results.
METHODS FOR TABULAR IMPLEMENTATION OF ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS OF THE RESIDUES OF TWO NUMBERS REPRESENTED IN THE SYSTEM OF RESIDUAL CLASSES
Authors: Krasnobayev V. A. , Yanko A. S. , Kovalchuk D. M. 
Published: December 2022

Context. Implementation of modular arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction and multiplication by a tabular method based on the use of the tabular multiplication code. The object of the study is the process of tabular implementation of basic arithmetic operations on the residues of numbers represented in the system of residual classes.
Objective. The goal of the work is to develop methods for the tabular implementation of the arithmetic operations of multiplication, addition and subtraction of the residues of two numbers based on the use of the tabular multiplication code.
Method. Tabular methods for implementing integer arithmetic modular operations of addition, subtraction and multiplication are proposed for consideration. In order to reduce the amount of equipment for a tabular operating unit of computer systems that implements modular operations of addition, subtraction and multiplication by reducing the coincidence circuits AND in the nodes of the tables for implementing arithmetic operations based on the code of table multiplication, two methods for performing arithmetic modular operations of addition and subtraction have been developed. These methods are based on the code of tabular multiplication, the use of which will reduce the amount of equipment of the tabular operating unit. Thus, despite the difference in the digital structure of the tables of modular operations of addition, subtraction and multiplication based on the use of the tabular multiplication code, two new tabular methods for implementing arithmetic modular operations of addition and subtraction have been created. Based on them, algorithms for tabular execution of modular arithmetic operations of addition and subtraction have been developed. Using these algorithms, it is possible to synthesize a structurally simple, highly reliable and fast table operating unit that operates in a system of residual classes, which is based on three separate permanent storage devices (read-only memory), each of which implements only one fourth of the corresponding complete table of values of the modular operation, what is earlier in the theory tabular arithmetic was supposed to be impossible.
Results. The developed methods are justified theoretically and studied when performing arithmetic modular operations of addition, subtraction and multiplication using tabular procedures.
Conclusions. The conducted examples of the implementation of integer arithmetic modular operations of addition and subtraction can be considered as presented experiments. The results obtained make it possible to recommend them for use in practice in the design of computer systems operating in a non-positional number system in residual classes. Prospects for further research may be to create a tabular method for implementing integer arithmetic modular division operations based on the use of the tabular multiplication code.
RESTORATION OF DISCONTINUOUS FUNCTIONS BY DISCONTINUOUS INTERLINATION SPLINES
Authors: Pershyna I. I. 
Published: December 2022

Context. The problem of development and research of methods for approximation of discontinuous functions by discontinuous interlination splines and its further application to problems of computed tomography. The object of the study was the modeling of objects with a discontinuous internal structure.
Objective. The aim of this study is to develop a general method for constructing discontinuous interlining polynomial splines, which, as a special case, include discontinuous and continuously differentiated splines.
Method. Modern methods of restoring functions are characterized by new approaches to obtaining, processing and analyzing information. There is a need to build mathematical models in which information can be represented not only by function values at points, but also in the form of a set of function traces on planes or straight lines.
At the same time, practice shows that among the multidimensional objects that need to be investigated, more problems are described by a discontinuous functions.
The paper develops a general method for constructing discontinuous interlining polynomial splines, which, as a special case, include discontinuous and continuously differentiable splines. It is considered that the domain of the definition of the required twodimensional function is divided into rectangular elements. Theorems on interlination and approximation properties of such discontinuous constructions are formulated and proved. The method is developed for approximating discontinuous functions of two variables based on the constructed discontinuous splines. The input data are the traces of an unknown function along a given system of mutually perpendicular straight lines. The proposed method has not only theoretical significance but also practical application in the IT domain, especially in computing tomography, allowing more accurately restore the internal structure of the body.
Results. The discontinuous interlination operator from known traces of the function of two variables on a system of mutually perpendicular straight lines is researched.
Conclusions. The functions of two variables that are discontinuous at some points or on some lines are better approximated by discontinuous spline interlinants. At the same time, equally high approximation estimates can be obtained. The results obtained have significant advantages over existing methods of interpolation and approximation of discontinuous functions. In further research, the authors plan to develop a theory of discontinuous splines on areas of complex shape bounded by arcs of known curves.
Control de un brote de COVID-19 en un área de salud de Las Tunas
Authors: Cruzata Leandro Jorge Riverón , Batista Idania Ivonne Tamayo , Gómez Yanelis Núñez , González Sergio Orlando Escalona , Barbero Elby Lidia Cepero 
Published: December 2022

Introducción: Cuba adoptó medidas contra la COVID-19 con implicaciones multisectoriales que obligaron a convivir en una nueva normalidad. A principios de 2021 ocurrió un alza de casos en presencia de otras variantes del virus, entre ellas, la Delta del SARS-CoV-2.
Objetivo: Valorar la intervención comunitaria diseñada para controlar un brote de COVID-19 en un área de salud de Las Tunas.
Material y método: Se realizó una intervención comunitaria implementada en la población que asiste el área de salud del Policlínico Docente Dr Gustavo Aldereguía Lima de Las Tunas compuesta por 53 mil 392 habitantes dispensarizados en el período del 11 de julio de 2021 al 24 de octubre de 2021.
Resultados: Se realizaron 7 mil atenciones médicas por IRA, ingresaron en el domicilio 8 mil 314 sospechosos y mil 695 confirmados de COVID-19. Los meses de agosto y octubre fueron los de mayor y menor complejidad por circunscripciones respectivamente. Se notificaron 210,6±136,396 pacientes confirmados por semana con reducción sostenida a partir de la semana estadística 35; posterior a la semana estadística 36 no hubo nuevos fallecidos. Desde la semana estadística 35 se reportaron pacientes inmunizados (26 mil 422) con las vacunas cubanas ABDALA o Soberana Plus.
Conclusiones: La intervención comunitaria contribuyó al mejor control del brote por COVID-19 en el área de salud, dado en la disminución de casos y fallecidos por la enfermedad y los niveles de complejidad por circunscripciones.
Relaciones entre el peso seco y la longitud total de los géneros de invertebrados acuáticos <i>Helobdella</i> (Hirudinea: Glossiphoniidae) y <i>Asellus</i> (Crustacea: Asellidae) de un humedal andino de Colombia
Authors: Rivera-Usme John J. , Pinilla-Agudelo Gabriel A. , Camacho-Pinzón Diana L. , Castro-Rebolledo María I. , Rangel-Churio Jesús O. 
Published: December 2022

Existen dificultades para determinar el peso de los macroinvertebrados y conocer así su importancia energética dentro de un ecosistema acuático. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue hallar relaciones matemáticas entre la longitud y la biomasa en dos géneros de invertebrados, representativos en el humedal Jaboque (Engativá) Bogotá D. C., Colombia, que faciliten hallar el peso de los individuos. Para ello, se realizaron cuatro muestreos desde abril de 2009 a enero de 2010. Se obtuvieron ecuaciones para estimar el peso seco a partir de medidas de la longitud total del cuerpo, para los géneros Helobdella y Asellus. Las relaciones halladas entre longitud total y peso seco fueron significativas y explicaron al menos el 69% de la varianza, expresada en los coeficientes de correlación (r2 = 0,69 y 0,85). Estos modelos permitirán calcular la biomasa para determinar el crecimiento y la producción secundaria de estos taxones en posteriores estudios de laboratorio o de campo. También podrían ayudar a conocer la importancia de estos organismos en el flujo de energía en los ecosistemas acuáticos, principalmente en los humedales andinos urbanos, donde son muy abundantes.
El entorno regional y la percepción del estado de salud en Colombia, 2003
Authors: Tovar Luís , García Gustavo 
Published: December 2022

En este artículo se estudia el impacto de un conjunto de variables sobre la percepción del estado de salud de los individuos en las regiones que establece la Encuesta Nacional de Calidad de Vida (ECV), realizada por el Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadísticas, DANE, en 2003. En el trabajo econométrico se utilizaron modelos Probit ordenados donde las variables adoptadas denotan diferentes factores socioeconómicos, demográficos, institucionales y familiares. El análisis por regiones sirvió para probar que existen elementos locales o regionales que hacen que el impacto de los factores que inciden en las condiciones de salud de los individuos difiera de una región a otra. Palabras clave: determinantes de la salud, seguridad social en salud, modelo probit ordenado, economía de la salud, región. Clasificación JEL: I11, I12, C25. Abstract: In this article the impact of a set of variables over the perception of individuals’ health state in the regions established by the National Life Quality Survey (ECV) performed by the Administrative National Department of Statistics (DANE) in 2003 is studied. The variables denote socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of individuals, institutional characteristics of the health system, and household characteristics. The econometric exercise is based on the use of ordered probit models for the determination of such impact. The analysis by regions was useful to prove the existence of local or regional elements that make the impact of the factors that impinge on the health conditions of people to differ from region to region. Keywords: health determinants, social security in health, ordered probit models, health economics, region. JEL classification: I11, I12, C25. Résumé: Cet article étudie l’impact d’un ensemble de variables socio-économiques sur la santé des individus. Pour amener à bien cette étude, nous utilisons la classification des régions établit par l’Enquête Nationale de Qualité de Vie (ECV), réalisée en 2003 par le Département Administratif National de Statistique -DANE. Nous utilisons dans le travail économétrique des modèles Probit Ordonnés dont les variables adoptées contiennent différents facteurs socio-économiques, démographiques, institutionnels et familiaux. L’analyse prouve que ces facteurs expliquant la santé des individus diffère entre les régions. Mots clés: déterminants de la santé, sécurité social, modèle probit ordonné, économie de la santé, région. Classification JEL: I11, I12, C25.
Un análisis dinámico del efecto de las ganancias fortuitas sobre la participación laboral
Authors: Mora Jhon James 
Published: December 2022

Este artículo discute el efecto negativo de las herencias, regalos o loterías, que pueden pensarse como ganancias fortuitas, sobre la participación laboral. En la literatura, este efecto se conoce también como la hipótesis de Carnegie. Para analizar dicho efecto se toma la población de mujeres en España durante el periodo 1994-2000. Los resultados con datos de panel para un probit dinámico muestran que existe una relación negativa y significativa entre la participación laboral y las ganancias fortuitas corroborando los resultados de Holtz-Eakin et al. (1993) para Estados Unidos. Palabras clave: probit dinámicos, normalidad del ocio, participación laboral, mercado laboral. Clasificación JEL: C33, C35, J21. Abstract: This paper discusses the negative effect that inheritances, gifts or lotteries (which usually can be thought of as fortuitous profits) have on labor participation. This effect is also known in the literature as the Carnegie hypothesis. In order to analyze this effect, this paper considers women from Spain during the period 1994-2000. The results of the panel data for a dynamic probit show that there is a significant negative relationship between labor participation and fortuitous profits, which supports the results of Holtz-Eakin et al. (1993) for the United States. Keywords: dynamic probit, leisure normality, labor participation, labor market. JEL classification: C33, C35, J21. Résumé: Cet article analyse l’effet négatif des gains fortuits tels que les héritages, les cadeaux et les loteries, sur le marché du travail. Dans la littérature, cet effet est connu sous le nom d’hypothèse de Carnegie. Pour analyser cet effet nous prenons le nombre des femmes en Espagne entre 1994 et 2000. Les résultats, en utilisant des donnés de panel pour un probit dynamique, montre une relation négative et significative entre la participation au marché du travail et les gains fortuits, ce qui corrobore les résultats déjà obtenus par Holtz-Eakin et al. (1993) pour le cas des Etats-Unis. Mots clés: probit dynamique, normalité du loisir, participation au marché du travail, marché du travail. Classification JEL: C33, C35, J21.
Una regla de Taylor óptima para Colombia, 1997-2006
Authors: Rehnals Remberto , Saldarriaga Juan Pablo 
Published: December 2022

En este artículo se estima una regla monetaria óptima de una economía abierta para Colombia en el período 1991-2006, mediante el Método Generalizado de los Momentos (GMM). Los resultados muestran que, en el primer período (1991-1999), las autoridades monetarias tuvieron un objetivo de inflación y otro de tipo de cambio; mientras que en el segundo período (2000-2006), el tipo de cambio no parece ser objeto de preocupaciones para las autoridades o, por lo menos, no utilizaron la tasa de interés para este objetivo. La brecha del producto es estadísticamente significativa en ambos sub-períodos, pero la magnitud de su coeficiente es prácticamente despreciable. Palabras claves: Reglas, discrecionalidad, función de reacción de la política monetaria, regla de Taylor óptima, tasa de inflación, tasa de interés. Clasificación JEL: E43, E52, E58 Abstract: In this article, an open-economy optimal monetary rule is estimated for Colombia over the period 1991-2006 using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). The results show that in 1991-1999 the monetary authorities had two targets: one for the inflation rate and another for the exchange rate. In contrast, the exchange rate did not seem to be a concern for the monetary authorities during 2000-2006, or at least they did not use the interest rate to address such a goal. The output gap is statistically significant in both sub-periods, but the magnitude of its coefficient is practically negligible. Keywords: Rules, Discretion, Monetary Policy Reaction Function, Optimal Taylor Rule, Inflation Rate, Interest Rate. JEL Classification: E43, E52, E58 Résumé : Cet article présente une estimation d.une règle monétaire optimale dans le cadre d'une économie ouverte appliquée à l.économie colombienne pour la période comprise entre 1991 et 2006, en utilisant la Méthode des Moments Généralisée (GMM). Les résultats montrent que, pour la première période (1991-1999), les autorités monétaires ont eu à la fois un objectif d'inflation et un objectif de taux de change; tandis que pour la seconde période (2000-2006), le taux de change ne semble pas être l'objet de préoccupations de la part des autorités monétaires, au moins, ils n'ont pas utilisé le taux d'intérêt pour atteint cet objectif. L'écart du produit est statistiquement significatif pour les deux périodes choisies, mais l'ampleur de son coefficient est pratiquement négligeable. Mots Clef: Règles, caractère discrétionnaire, fonction de réaction de la politique monétaire, règle de Taylor optimale, taux d'inflation, taux d'intérêt. Classification JEL: E43, E52, E58