bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of MTA1 enhanced RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 cells partly via increasing ROS activities
Authors: Feng Mingzhe , Liu Lin , Qu Zechao , Zhang Bo , Wang Yanjun , Yan Liang , Kong Lingbo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMetastasis‐associated protein 1 (MTA1), belonging to metastasis‐associated proteins (MTA) family, which are integral parts of nucleosome remodelling and histone deacetylation (NuRD) complexes. However, the effect of MTA1 on osteoclastogenesis is unknown. Currently, the regulation of MTA1 in osteoclastogenesis was reported for the first time. MTA1 knockout cells (KO) were established by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. RAW264.7 cells with WT and KO group were stimulated independently by RANKL to differentiate into mature osteoclasts. Further, western blotting and quantitative qRT‐PCR were used to explore the effect of MTA1 on the expression of osteoclast‐associated genes (including CTSK, MMP9, c‐Fos and NFATc1) during osteoclastogenesis. Moreover, the effects of MTA1 on the expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in osteoclastogenesis was determined by 2′, 7′ ‐dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH‐DA) staining. Nuclear translocation of Nrf2 was assessed by immunofluorescence staining and western blotting. Our results indicated that the MTA1 deletion group could differentiate into osteoclasts with larger volume and more TRAP positive. In addition, compared with WT group, KO group cells generated more actin rings. Mechanistically, the loss of MTA1 increased the expression of osteoclast‐specific markers, including c‐Fos, NFATc1, CTSK and MMP‐9. Furthermore, the results of qRT‐PCR and western blotting showed that MTA1 deficiency reduced basal Nrf2 expression and inhibited Nrf2‐mediated expression of related antioxidant enzymes. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that MTA1 deficiency inhibited Nrf2 nuclear translocation. Taken together, the above increased basal and RANKL‐induced intracellular ROS levels, leading to enhanced osteoclast formation.
The adult outcome of childhood quasi‐autism arising following extreme institutional deprivation
Authors: Rodriguez‐Perez Maria , Kennedy Mark , Barker Edward D. , Kreppner Jana , Solerdelcoll Mireia , Sonuga‐Barke Edmund J.S. 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundRutter and colleagues' seminal observation that extended early life exposure to extreme institutional deprivation can result in what he termed quasi‐autism (QA), informed both our understanding of the effects of adversity on development and the nature of autism. Here we provide the first detailed analysis of the adult outcomes of the group of institutionally deprived‐then‐adopted children identified as displaying QA.MethodsTwenty‐six adult adoptees identified with QA in childhood (Childhood QA+) were compared to 75 adoptees who experienced extended institutional deprivation (>6 months) but no QA (Childhood QA−), and 116 adoptees exposed to Low/No institutional deprivation. The outcomes were child‐to‐adult developmental trajectories of neuro‐developmental symptoms (autism, attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), disinhibited social engagement (DSE) and cognitive impairment), adult functioning, life satisfaction and mental health.ResultsChildhood QA+ was associated with elevated and persistent trajectories of broad‐based autism‐related difficulties, ADHD and DSE symptoms and low IQ, as well as adult mental health difficulties and functional impairment, including high rates of low educational attainment and unemployment. Life satisfaction and self‐esteem were unaffected. Autism‐related communication problems, in particular, predicted negative adult outcomes. Childhood QA+ was still associated with poor outcomes even when ADHD, DSE and IQ were controlled.ConclusionsEarly and time‐limited institutional deprivation has a critical impact on adult functioning, in part via its association with an early established and persistent variant of autism, especially related to communication difficulties. Apparent similarities and differences to non‐deprivation related autism are discussed.
MLVA genotyping of Moritella viscosa reveals serial emergence of novel, host‐specific clonal complexes in Norwegian salmon farming
Authors: Sørgaard Martin , Sveinsson Karoline , Patel Sonal , Nilsen Hanne K. , Olsen Anne Berit , Vaagnes Øyvind , Colquhoun Duncan J. , Gulla Snorre 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA Multi‐Locus Variable number of tandem repeat Analysis (MLVA) genotyping scheme was developed for the epidemiological study of Moritella viscosa, which causes ‘winter ulcer’ predominantly in sea‐reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). The assay involves multiplex PCR amplification of six Variable Number of Tandem Repeat (VNTR) loci, followed by capillary electrophoresis and data interpretation. A collection of 747 spatiotemporally diverse M. viscosa isolates from nine fish species was analysed, the majority from farmed Norwegian salmon. MLVA distributed 76% of the isolates across three major clonal complexes (CC1, CC2 and CC3), with the remaining forming minor clusters and singletons. While 90% of the salmon isolates belong to either CC1, CC2 or CC3, only 20% of the isolates recovered from other fish species do so, indicating a considerable degree of host specificity. We further highlight a series of ‘clonal shifts’ amongst Norwegian salmon isolates over the 35‐year sampling period, with CC1 showing exclusive predominance prior to the emergence of CC2, which was later supplanted by CC3, before the recent re‐emergence of CC1. Apparently, these shifts have rapidly swept the entire Norwegian coastline and conceivably, as suggested by typing of a small number of non‐Norwegian isolates, the Northeast Atlantic region as a whole.
Assessment of electrohydrodynamic (EHD) pretreatment effects on functional and structural properties of protein isolate from sprouted mung bean
Authors: Vahed Shohreh , Ahangar Hossein Abbastabar , Nourani Moloud , Dinani Somayeh Taghian , Nasr‐Esfahani Mojtaba 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effects of electrohydrodynamic (EHD) pretreatment on the functional properties of sprouted mung bean protein isolate (SMPI). Here, the effects of EHD voltage and time on the extraction yield (EY), protein solubility (PS), water‐holding capacity (WHC), oil absorption capacity (OAC), foaming capacity, and foaming stability of SMPI were evaluated. The results confirmed that the extracted SMPI at the EHD voltage of 20 kV had the highest EY, PS, WHC, OAC, and foaming properties. Furthermore, the EHD time of 40 min resulted in the production of SMPI with significantly high ES, PS, WHC, and foaming properties. The results of environmental scanning electron microscopy showed that increasing the EHD time to 40 min broke the protein cell structure. The more breaking occurs in the cell walls, the more protein extraction. Therefore, the application of EHD pretreatment as a green technique improves the functional properties of SMPI. EHD technique can be used as an applied and simple technique to improve the functional and structural properties of mung bean protein isolate in the food industry.Practical ApplicationsElectrohydrodynamic (EHD) is an environmentally friendly technique used to increase the heat and mass transfer rates in different processes. Sprout is one of the main mung bean products, an inexpensive source of proteins and nutrients for human health. In recent years, the consumption of sprouts has become more desirable due to their health benefits. Indeed, germination is a simple and effective process to transform raw seeds into useful products and enhance their nutritional quality. Moreover, germination increases the content of proteins, total dietary fiber, and phenolic compounds. Therefore, sprouts can be used as a more appropriate protein source, and it is better to extract proteins from sprouted seeds. Therefore, EHD is a green process with improved functional properties of sprouted mung bean protein isolate, which can be used as an ingredient in food products.
Severity of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in pregnant women and their neonates during the Omicron period compared to the pre‐Omicron period: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yamaguchi Takumi , Makino Yuto , Mabuchi Yuki , Okuda Keito , Hayashi Hiroe , Kato Noriko , Fujii Tomoaki , Hirate Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimTo compare the clinical outcomes among women diagnosed with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection during pregnancy, and their neonates, during the period when the Omicron variant predominated in Japan with those of the pre‐Omicron variant period.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective single‐center cohort study between August 1, 2020, and June 30, 2022. The cohort was divided into pre‐Omicron group (August 1, 2020 to November 30, 2021) and Omicron group (December 1, 2021 to June 30, 2022). The primary outcome was maternal intensive care unit (ICU) admission during the perinatal period. The secondary outcomes were maternal oxygen administration before and after delivery, preterm birth (PTB), and low birth weight (LBW).ResultsDuring the study period, 81 pregnant women were admitted to the hospital with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (pre‐Omicron period, n = 28; Omicron period, n = 53). SARS‐CoV‐2 infection during the Omicron period was associated with lower risk of maternal ICU admission (adjusted‐odds ratio [aOR]: 0.10, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01–1.23, p = 0.072), oxygen administration via a nasal cannula or mask (aOR: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.03–0.96, p = 0.045), PTB (aOR: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.04–0.51, p = 0.002), and LBW (aOR: 0.13, 95% CI: 0.03–0.55, p = 0.005).ConclusionAmong pregnant women, SARS‐CoV‐2 infection during the Omicron period was associated with reduced risk of maternal ICU admission, requiring supplemental oxygen, PTB, and LBW. This can be attributable to lower virulence of the Omicron variant and higher vaccination coverage during the Omicron period.
Investigation of predictive factors for the presence of voiding dysfunction after transvaginal mesh surgery—Can the flow curve shape on uroflowmetry be a predictor?
Authors: Watanabe Masaki , Takeyama Masami , Kuwata Tomoko , Kashihara Hiromi , Kato Chikako 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeThis study established the prognostic significance of the uroflowmetry flow curve shape in the presence of voiding dysfunction following transvaginal mesh surgery.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of 439 symptomatic cystocele patients who underwent anterior wall repair with transvaginal mesh surgery. Uroflowmetry and postvoid residual were used to evaluate voiding function both preoperatively and 12 months postoperatively. The patients were divided into two groups: those with and without postoperative voiding dysfunction, and the predictors of postoperative voiding dysfunction were analyzed. The shape of the urine flow curve was analyzed for its influence on the presence of postoperative voiding dysfunction.ResultsThirty‐five participants were in the voiding dysfunction group, while 404 were in the nonvoiding dysfunction group. Multivariate analysis was conducted by adding an interrupted‐shaped curve to age, Qmax, and postvoid residual, which showed significant differences in univariate analysis, found that age 68 years or older (odds ratio [OR]: 7.68, 95%CI 1.02–58, p = 0.048), postvoid residual ≥110 mL (OR: 2.8, 95%CI 1.25–6.29, p = 0.013) and interrupted‐shaped curve (OR: 2.47, 95%CI 1.07–5.69, p = 0.034) were discovered to be independent risk factors for the presence of voiding dysfunction after transvaginal mesh surgery.ConclusionsFollowing transvaginal mesh surgery for cystocele, three variables were found to be predictive of voiding dysfunction: the old age, excessive postvoid residual, and an interrupted‐shaped flow curve. The uroflowmetry flow curve shape has the potential to be a new predictor of postoperative voiding dysfunction.
Evaluation of a sensory and cognitive online training tool for odor recognition in professional coffee tasters
Authors: Steen Ida , Münchow Morten , Jensen Sidsel , Kjaer Troels W. , Waehrens Sandra S. , Bredie Wender L. P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe sense of smell plays an essential role in the sensory evaluation of coffee. However, a precise sensory evaluation also requires good memory and the ability to stay focused and concentrated. This study aimed to investigate the effect of an online sensory and cognitive training program on the odor recognition of 36 coffee aromas. A total of 44 coffee professionals participated in a randomized crossover trial. It consisted of an online training program with different sensory and cognitive tasks over two periods of 6 weeks. The participants were divided into three study groups for data analysis purposes: a Control‐first group (n = 16), a matching Intervention‐first group (n = 16), and a second Intervention‐first‐residual group (n = 12) to check for repeatability of the test results. On average, the participants improved their odor recognition score by 15% after 6 weeks of training (p < .01) and maintained a high‐performance level after the control period. A positive correlation between completed training and improvement was observed (p < .001). The participants significantly improved their ability to detect the 36 Le Nez du Café aromas commonly used in the Specialty Coffee Association (SCA) and the Coffee Quality Institute (CQI) exam systems.Practical ApplicationsThe new online training program is a promising tool for improving the odor recognition of coffee professionals. The sensory training can easily be accomplished as it is executable off‐site, is self‐instructive, and does not require any supervision. A further generalization of this new odor‐training program for noncoffee professionals may potentially train people with prolonged loss in olfactory function, such as observed in coronavirus disease 2019 patients.
Calibration and reliability testing of a novel asynchronous photographic plaque scoring system in young children
Authors: Avenetti David M. , Martin Molly A. , Gansky Stuart A. , Ramos‐Gomez Francisco J. , Hyde Susan , Van Horn Rebecca , Jue Bonnie , Rosales Genesis F. , Cheng Nancy F. , Shiboski Caroline H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe Simplified Oral Hygiene Index for Maxillary Incisors (OHI‐MIS) is a novel plaque scoring system adapted for young children. This study describes calibration training and testing used to establish the inter‐ and intra‐rater reliability for OHI‐MIS measured from clinical photographs.MethodsTwo raters from the Coordinated Oral Health Promotion Chicago (CO‐OP) and one from the Behavioral EConomics for Oral health iNnovation (BEECON) randomized controlled trials (RCTs) underwent calibration with gold standard raters, followed by annual re‐calibration. Raters from CO‐OP also completed inter‐rater reliability testing; all three raters completed intra‐rater reliability testing rounds. Photographs were obtained from children aged 9–39 months.ResultsAll three raters achieved greater than 0.77 Lin's Concordance Correlation (LCC) versus gold standard consensus during calibration. All three raters had LCC ≥0.83 at recalibration 1 year later. CO‐OP trial raters scored 604 photos (151 sets of 4 photographs); mostly both raters were somewhat/very confident in their scoring (≥89%), describing the most photos as “clear” (90% and 81%). The CO‐OP inter‐rater LCC for total OHI‐MIS score was 0.86, changing little when low quality or confidence photos were removed. All three raters demonstrated high intra‐rater reliability (≥0.83).ConclusionsThe OHI‐MIS plaque scoring system on photos had good reliability within and between trials following protocol training and calibration. OHI‐MIS provides a novel asynchronous plaque scoring system for use in young children. Non‐clinicians in field or clinical settings can obtain photographs, offering new opportunities for research and clinical care.
Explaining the variations in legal mobilization of environmental nongovernmental organizations in authoritarian China: A fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis
Authors: Xiao Huina , Ding Chunyan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDespite the growing literature on legal mobilization under authoritarianism, the variations of legal mobilization in authoritarian regimes have been less studied. Drawing on a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis of 175 environmental public interest litigations from 2009 to 2019, as well as in‐depth interviews with environmental nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) representatives, this is the first article to present how organizational, political, legal, and social forces (which are demonstrated by six conditions: capacity, political embeddedness, political endorsement, access, legal stock, and alliance) combine to explain the variations of NGOs' environmental legal mobilization through the use of strategic and nonstrategic litigation in authoritarian China. Although the state's policy to pluralize regulatory actors to improve environmental governance has set up a relatively friendly institutional backdrop for environmental legal mobilization, this study finds that political forces such as the relationship between NGOs and the state and the ambivalent attitudes towards environmental protection between central and local government have significantly influenced the behavioral patterns of NGOs' legal mobilization. Moreover, this study uncovers four types of legal mobilization of Chinese environmental NGOs: allied mobilization, progressive mobilization, steered mobilization, and symbolic mobilization. This study enriches the understanding of the behavioral patterns of nonstate actors in legal mobilization in authoritarian regimes and beyond.
Jurisdictional games and decision making: The Belgian approach in dealing with migrant smuggling
Authors: de Massol de Rebetz Roxane 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe article presents a case study focusing on the Belgian approach to deal with migrant smuggling and more broadly on the governance of migrants in transit on its territory. Drawing from the literature on jurisdiction and scales and combining it with the scholarship on bureaucrats' decision making, the article sheds light on the messy dynamics and realities of legal governance of migrants transiting through Belgium in their journey to the United Kingdom. By focusing on the multilayered nature of the issue, the distinct legal regimes and the various actors involved, the article argues that the jurisdictional separation of the realms of criminal and administrative law enables a decision to mobilize a set of law over or in combination with another. The article explores the situation at the local and national scales and, as jurisdictions overlap and competences are scattered between distinct entities and actors, specific attention is paid to “passing the buck” behaviors and discourses which have substantial consequences for the situation of migrants in transit in Belgium.
A global and historical exploration: Legislative reform in Muslim family laws in Muslim‐majority versus Muslim‐minority countries
Authors: Sezgin Yüksel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThirty‐five Muslim‐majority and 18 Muslim‐minority countries formally integrate Muslim Family Laws (MFLs) into their legal systems and enforce them through state courts. Both Muslim‐majority and Muslim‐minority governments have undertaken legislative reforms to alleviate the effects of religious laws on fundamental human rights, increase accountability and accessibility, and strengthen the rule of law within their MFL systems. Extant literature is silent on whether MFLs are more reformed or more human rights and the rule of law compliant in Muslim‐majority or Muslim‐minority countries. Utilizing a novel methodological tool, the MFL Index, this exploratory article surveys cross‐national and historical trends in MFL reform (1946–2016). It shows that Muslim‐majority and ‐minority governments have opted for different forms of legislative reform. Muslim‐majority countries favored substantive reform, while Muslim‐minority states prioritized exit reforms. The type and extent of reform were strongly associated with colonial heritage, secularism, women's activism, ethnoreligious diversity, and prevailing multicultural arrangements. These findings have implications for studying multicultural theory, human/women's rights, and democratization in the Muslim world and beyond.
Host phylogeny and ecological associations best explain Wolbachia host shifts in scale insects
Authors: Sanaei Ehsan , Albery Gregory F. , Yeoh Yun Kit , Lin Yen‐Po , Cook Lyn G. , Engelstädter Jan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWolbachia are among the most prevalent and widespread endosymbiotic bacteria on Earth. Wolbachia's success in infecting an enormous number of arthropod species is attributed to two features: the range of phenotypes they induce in their hosts, and their ability to switch between host species. Whilst much progress has been made in elucidating their induced phenotypes, our understanding of Wolbachia host‐shifting is still very limited: we lack answers to even fundamental questions concerning Wolbachia's routes of transfer and the importance of factors influencing host shifts. Here, we investigate the diversity and host‐shift patterns of Wolbachia in scale insects, a group of arthropods with intimate associations with other insects that make them well suited to studying host shifts. Using Illumina multitarget amplicon sequencing of Wolbachia‐infected scale insects and their direct associates we determined the identity of all Wolbachia strains. We then fitted a generalized additive mixed model to our data to estimate the influence of host phylogeny and the geographical distribution on Wolbachia strain sharing among scale insect species. The model predicts no significant contribution of host geography but strong effects of host phylogeny, with high rates of Wolbachia sharing among closely related species and a sudden drop‐off in sharing with increasing phylogenetic distance. We also detected the same Wolbachia strain in scale insects and several intimately associated species (ants, wasps and flies). This indicates putative host shifts and potential routes of transfers via these associates and highlights the importance of ecological connectivity in Wolbachia host‐shifting.
The ArsQ permease and transport of the antibiotic arsinothricin
Authors: Paul Ngozi P. , Viswanathan Thiruselvam , Chen Jian , Yoshinaga Masafumi , Rosen Barry P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe pentavalent organoarsenical arsinothricin (AST) is a natural product synthesized by the rhizosphere bacterium Burkholderia gladioli GSRB05. AST is a broad‐spectrum antibiotic effective against human pathogens such as carbapenem‐resistant Enterobacter cloacae. It is a non‐proteogenic amino acid and glutamate mimetic that inhibits bacterial glutamine synthetase. The AST biosynthetic pathway is composed of a three‐gene cluster, arsQML. ArsL catalyzes synthesis of reduced trivalent hydroxyarsinothricin (R‐AST‐OH), which is methylated by ArsM to the reduced trivalent form of AST (R‐AST). In the culture medium of B. gladioli, both trivalent species appear as the corresponding pentavalent arsenicals, likely due to oxidation in air. ArsQ is an efflux permease that is proposed to transport AST or related species out of the cells, but the chemical nature of the actual transport substrate is unclear. In this study, B. gladioli arsQ was expressed in Escherichia coli and shown to confer resistance to AST and its derivatives. Cells of E. coli accumulate R‐AST, and exponentially growing cells expressing arsQ take up less R‐AST. The cells exhibit little transport of their pentavalent forms. Transport was independent of cellular energy and appears to be equilibrative. A homology model of ArsQ suggests that Ser320 is in the substrate binding site. A S320A mutant exhibits reduced R‐AST‐OH transport, suggesting that it plays a role in ArsQ function. The ArsQ permease is proposed to be an energy‐independent uniporter responsible for downhill transport of the trivalent form of AST out of cells, which is oxidized extracellularly to the active form of the antibiotic.