bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inorganic phosphate exporter heterozygosity in mice leads to brain vascular calcification, microangiopathy, and microgliosis
Authors: Maheshwari Upasana , Mateos José M. , Weber‐Stadlbauer Ulrike , Ni Ruiqing , Tamatey Virgil , Sridhar Sucheta , Restrepo Alejandro , de Jong Pim A. , Huang Sheng‐Fu , Schaffenrath Johanna , Stifter Sebastian A. , Szeri Flora , Greter Melanie , Koek Huiberdina L. , Keller Annika 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCalcification of the cerebral microvessels in the basal ganglia in the absence of systemic calcium and phosphate imbalance is a hallmark of primary familial brain calcification (PFBC), a rare neurodegenerative disorder. Mutation in genes encoding for sodium‐dependent phosphate transporter 2 (SLC20A2), xenotropic and polytropic retrovirus receptor 1 (XPR1), platelet‐derived growth factor B (PDGFB), platelet‐derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRB), myogenesis regulating glycosidase (MYORG), and junctional adhesion molecule 2 (JAM2) are known to cause PFBC. Loss‐of‐function mutations in XPR1, the only known inorganic phosphate exporter in metazoans, causing dominantly inherited PFBC was first reported in 2015 but until now no studies in the brain have addressed whether loss of one functional allele leads to pathological alterations in mice, a commonly used organism to model human diseases. Here we show that mice heterozygous for Xpr1 (Xpr1WT/lacZ) present with reduced inorganic phosphate levels in the cerebrospinal fluid and age‐ and sex‐dependent growth of vascular calcifications in the thalamus. Vascular calcifications are surrounded by vascular basement membrane and are located at arterioles in the smooth muscle layer. Similar to previously characterized PFBC mouse models, vascular calcifications in Xpr1WT/lacZ mice contain bone matrix proteins and are surrounded by reactive astrocytes and microglia. However, microglial activation is not confined to calcified vessels but shows a widespread presence. In addition to vascular calcifications, we observed vessel tortuosity and transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed microangiopathy—endothelial swelling, phenotypic alterations in vascular smooth muscle cells, and thickening of the basement membrane.
Antiproliferation and apoptosis studies of estrone pharmacophores in triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Acheampong Felix , Ostlund Trevor , Mahnashi Mater , Halaweish Fathi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTriple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer that shows high metastatic capability and poor prognosis. The aggressive behavior of TNBC may involve amplified EGFR expression. Currently, no targeted therapy has been approved for treating TNBC, which urgently needs novel treatment options. In this study, we report that estrone analogs with novel pharmacophores exhibited high potency toward TNBC cells through multiple mechanisms, inhibition of cell proliferation via EGFR receptor, and induction of mitochondrial apoptosis. Molecular docking studies revealed that hit analogs MMA307 and MMA321 were potent against the EGFR receptor (pdb code: 1M17) in silico and were over 10‐fold more potent than sorafenib (positive control) when dosed against MDA‐MB‐468 cells in vitro. MMA307 and MMA321 induced mitochondrial apoptosis as characterized by condensed nuclei with fragmented chromatin, phosphatidylserine flip and modulated expressions of Apaf1, cytochrome c, and caspases 3 and 9. MMA307 and MMA321 inhibited TNBC proliferation through suppression of EGFR and activated EGFR (Y1068) expressions. Similarly, EGFR signaling pathways, RAF/ERK and AKT/mTOR, were inhibited as pARaf, pERK1/2 (characterizes RAF/ERK pathway) and pAKT, pmTOR, p70S6Kα (characterizes AKT/mTOR pathway) were all suppressed. Moreover, MMA307 and MMA321 inhibited TNBC cell growth through downregulation of cyclin D1 expression and arresting TNBC cells in the G1 phase of cell cycle. This study reports for the first time that estrone congeners with novel pharmacophores may be an effective therapy for TNBC. Findings from this research provide a solid foundation for further preclinical and clinical studies in developing estrone derivatives as novel TNBC therapeutics.
Effective conservation of subterranean‐roosting bats
Authors: Meierhofer Melissa B. , Johnson Joseph S. , Perez‐Jimenez Janette , Ito Fernanda , Webela Paul W. , Wiantoro Sigit , Bernard Enrico , Tanalgo Krizler C. , Hughes Alice , Cardoso Pedro , Lilley Thomas , Mammola Stefano 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBats frequently inhabit caves and other subterranean habitats and play a critical role in subterranean food webs. With escalating threats to subterranean ecosystems, identifying the most effective measures to protect subterranean‐roosting bats is critical. We conducted a meta‐analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of conservation and management interventions for subterranean‐roosting bats. We used network analyses to determine to what extent interventions for bats overlap those used for other subterranean taxa. We conducted our analyses with data extracted from 345 papers recommending a total of 910 conservation interventions. Gating of roost entrances was applied to preserve bat populations in 21 studies, but its effectiveness was unclear. Habitat restoration and disturbance reduction positively affected bat populations and bat behavior, respectively, in ≤4 studies. Decontamination was assessed in 2 studies and positively affected bat populations, particularly in studies focused on reducing fungal spores associated with white‐nose syndrome in North America. Monitoring of bat populations as an effective conservation strategy was unclear and infrequently tested. Only 4% of bat studies simultaneously considered other subterranean organisms. However, effective interventions for bat conservation had similarities with all other organisms. If other subterranean organisms are considered when applying interventions to conserve bats, they might also benefit.
TXNDC12 knockdown promotes ferroptosis by modulating SLC7A11 expression in glioma
Authors: Yu Hao , Zhu Kai , Wang Minjie , Jiang Xiaobing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFerroptosis is an iron‐dependent cell death process mainly triggered by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation. Thioredoxin domain protein 12 (TXNDC12) promotes the development of some tumors; however, its function in tumor ferroptosis remains unclear. In this study, we found that knockdown of TXNDC12 promoted erastin‐induced increase in ROS, lipid peroxidation, and Fe2+ levels, and decreased glutathione content. TXNDC12 is involved in ferroptosis by regulating SLC7A11. Further studies showed that TXNDC12 knockdown promoted an erastin‐induced decrease in glioma cell viability. Overall, TXNDC12 played a significant role in ferroptosis by modulating SLC7A11 expression. Thus, TXNDC12 and ferroptosis may provide new targets for the treatment of gliomas.
Tricuspid cleft or tetracuspid valve? Usefulness of three‐dimensional echocardiogram in the assessment of isolated tricuspid regurgitation in pediatrics
Authors: Tania Tamayo , Fabián Merchan , Abraham González , David Salazar , Liborio Solano , Julio Erdmenger 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTricuspid regurgitation (TR) in children may be secondary to congenital anomalies of the tricuspid valve complex which is composed by annulus, leaflets, commissures, chordae tendineae, and papillary muscles. The most common congenital cause is Ebstein's anomaly; however, there are less frequent causes such as abnormal number of tricuspid leaflets, tricuspid cleft, leaflet prolapse, double orifice tricuspid valve, and congenital tricuspid valve dysplasia. Identifying the precise cause is important to plan an appropriate repair surgery. In this article, the case of a 4‐year‐old patient with a tetracuspid valve with significant tricuspid regurgitation is presented and the morphological analysis was made by two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) transthoracic echocardiography. The morphological differences between a tetracuspid valve and a cleft of the anterior leaflet tricuspid valve are exposed. 3D echocardiographic evaluation of the tricuspid valve allowed a better understanding of the tricuspid valve anatomy, which includes evaluation of the tricuspid annulus, leaflets, commissures, and subvalvular apparatus. Recognizing the accurate cause of isolated tricuspid regurgitation allows better planning of the surgical technique.
Identification of drug resistance in a validated cohort of incident epilepsy patients in the Danish National Patient Register
Authors: Bølling‐Ladegaard Eva , Dreier Julie W. , Christensen Jakob 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe main purposes of this study were to validate the epilepsy diagnosis in incident epilepsy cases in the Danish National Patient Registry (DNPR), which contains information on nearly 9 000 000 individuals, and to identify persons in the validated cohort who fulfilled the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) criteria for drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE).MethodsWe reviewed a random sample of medical records from all individuals registered with a first diagnosis of epilepsy (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision [ICD‐10]: G40) or seizures (ICD‐10: G41, R56, or F445) in the Central Denmark Region from 2010 to 2019. In persons with a validated incident epilepsy diagnosis, we determined the proportion with DRE at the latest contact. We performed logistic regression analyses to identify clinical factors that correlated with risk of DRE.ResultsOf 20 723 persons with a first diagnosis of epilepsy (n = 11 812) or seizures (n = 8911), we reviewed the medical records of n = 1067 with incident epilepsy and n = 610 with incident seizures. Among those with a register diagnosis of epilepsy, the diagnosis was confirmed in 838 cases (45% females, mean age at onset = 42.4 years), providing a positive predictive value (PPV) of 79% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 76%–81%). The PPV of focal epilepsy was 86% (95% CI = 82%–89%), and the PPV of generalized epilepsy was 71% (95% CI = 61%–80%). Of 740 patients with confirmed incident epilepsy and ≥1 year of follow‐up, 103 (14%) fulfilled the definition of DRE, 476 (64%) were drug responsive, and 161 (22%) had undefined responsiveness. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, early age at epilepsy onset, cognitive impairment, and a history of status epilepticus were associated with DRE.SignificanceIn the DNPR, we found a PPV of the epilepsy diagnosis of 79%. Among persons with confirmed epilepsy, 14% fulfilled ILAE criteria for DRE. Early age at epilepsy onset, cognitive impairment, and a history of status epilepticus were independently associated with drug resistance.
Embryonic development of natural annual killifish populations of the genus Austrolebias: Evolutionary parallelism and the role of environment
Authors: Polačik Matej , García Daniel , Arezo Maria J. , Papa Nicolas , Schlueb Hellen , Blanco Daniel , Podrabsky Jason E. , Vrtílek Milan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Repeated, independent emergence of the same trait within different phylogenetic lineages is termed parallel evolution. It typically occurs as a result of similar selective pressures. Annual killifish have adapted to survive in the extreme habitat of temporary pools on three continents and present an especially amenable system for studying fundamental principles of evolutionary parallelism. When the pools dry, annual killifish embryos survive through the dry phase in the bottom substrate in a stage of dormancy—a diapause. The diapause is a complex set of three different developmental stages, none of which is obligate, thus leading to a multitude of potential developmental trajectories. While the intricacy of the killifishes' embryonic development has been thoroughly studied in the laboratory, information on their natural development is virtually absent. We hypothesised that the natural development of annual killifishes is largely synchronised and governed by ambient conditions as shown in the lineage of the African genus Nothobranchius.

We sampled wild embryo banks of the South American genus Austrolebias, which evolved its diapause independently of the African lineage. We sampled during two consecutive dry seasons, using both longitudinal and snapshot monitoring, and conducted transplant experiments to determine the extent of the evolutionary parallelism and role of the environment in Austrolebias spp. embryo development.

Main habitat phases were characterised by largely synchronised embryo banks. Different inter‐seasonal or local environmental conditions were reflected in a different developmental profile of the embryo banks, suggesting a high degree of environmental control.

We found striking similarity in the habitat phase–embryo stage associations between the two lineages. The diapause in the two annual killifish lineages represents a unique example of evolutionary parallelism, with the analogy manifested in very close detail. We highlight the similarity of the selective forces in the two genera despite the different geographic origins, climate zones and reversed seasonality. The repeatedly occurring strict association of the same developmental stages with the same habitat conditions suggests a limited array of developmental settings that can be applied to cope with the given environmental challenges.
Exploring the sources of cervical cancer screening self‐efficacy among rural females: A qualitative study
Authors: Zhang Mengyue , Sit Janet W. H. , Wang Tingxuan , Chan Carmen W. H. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimEvidence showed self‐efficacy was relevant to rural females' cervical cancer screening behaviour. However, little is known about sources of self‐efficacy in cervical cancer screening among rural females. This study aimed to explore sources of self‐efficacy in cervical cancer screening among rural females.DesignA qualitative descriptive study was conducted. Both users and providers of cervical cancer screening services in rural areas of China were recruited through maximum variation sampling.MethodsIndividual semi‐structured interviews through telephone calls were conducted. Data were analysed via six main stages of the framework method, with the social cognitive theory as a reference.ResultsFour main sources were identified, including personal screening experience, hearing about other women's screening experiences, professional health education and consultation, and emotional status. Personal screening experience included enactive mastery of completing the screening behaviour and cognitive mastery of internalisation of the screening. Only the experience of completing cervical cancer screening behaviour was not strong enough to improve self‐efficacy. Cognitive mastery showed more critical influence.ConclusionThese four sources of rural females' cervical cancer screening self‐efficacy matched with the major sources of self‐efficacy of the social cognitive theory. Cognition was critical to influencing the screening self‐efficacy. Intervention strategies aimed at enhancing rural females' cervical cancer screening self‐efficacy can be developed from these four major sources.Public ContributionA registered nurse with rich experience in cervical cancer‐related research and qualitative study was the interviewer of this study. Rural females and cervical cancer screening services providers (healthcare professionals and village staff) were recruited as interviewees. The interview guides were developed by the research team and evaluated by an expert panel including two nurse leaders of gynaecological cancer, one doctor specialised in cervical cancer, and one medical director in a local rural hospital.
Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio as new possible minor criteria for diagnosis of polycythemia vera
Authors: Kim Min Jung , Kwon Seong Soon , Ji Young Sok , Lee Min‐Young , Kim Kyoung Ha , Lee Namsu , Park Sung Kyu , Won Jong‐Ho , Yoon Seug Yun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of polycythemia vera (PV) is important. The presence of JAK2 mutations is important in the diagnosis of PV, and serum levels of erythropoietin (EPO) also play a supporting role. However, serum EPO levels show some limitations. The neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are a readily available marker of inflammation. Thus, we examined whether NLR & PLR might diagnose PV in erythrocytosis patients. We compared NLR & PLR and EPO diagnostic values.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed clinical and laboratory data from two referral hospitals. Two hundred and eighty‐five patients with erythrocytosis who underwent a test for the JAK2 mutation were included. It wac classified as the PV group and the secondary polycythemia (SP) group.ResultsThe median NLR & PLR in the PV group (n = 70) was significantly higher than that in the SP group (n = 170) (NLR: 6.04 vs. 1.77, PLR: 283.18 vs. 101.56, respectively, p < 0.001). In the receiver operating characteristic analysis, the area under the curve of NLR & PLR was significantly higher than that of serum EPO (NLR vs EPO: 0.921 vs. 0.827, p = 0.003; PLR vs EPO: 0.917 vs 0.827, p = 0.003).ConclusionIn conclusion, NLR & PLR were higher in PV than in SP and showed better diagnostic value than serum EPO level, highlighting their potential as minor diagnostic criteria in patients with PV.
Effect of endoscopic retrograde appendicitis therapy on surgical site wound infection and hospital stay in patients with acute appendicitis: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Yin , Ma Lan , Lu Xingjun , Yan Xiuxia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this meta‐analysis, we comprehensively evaluated the effect of endoscopic retrograde appendicitis therapy (ERAT) on surgical site infections and other perioperative outcomes in patients with acute appendicitis. Relevant studies on ERAT for acute appendicitis were retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Data, from database inception to June 2023. Statistical analyses were performed using RevMan 5.4. Heterogeneity among the included studies was analysed, and odds ratios (ORs) or standardised mean differences (SMDs), along with their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were calculated. In total, 24 studies involving 1937 patients were included in the meta‐analysis. ERAT reduced the surgical duration (SMD: −1.70, 95% CI: −2.24 to −1.16, p < 0.001) and length of hospital stay (SMD: −2.09, 95% CI: −2.64 to −1.53, p < 0.001) significantly more than open appendectomy (OA) did. Furthermore, ERAT decreased the incidence of surgical site wound infections (OR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.13–0.37, p < 0.001) and postoperative complications (OR: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.11–0.21, p < 0.001) more than OA did. This study demonstrated that ERAT is a safe and effective endoscopic treatment modality for acute appendicitis, contributing to a significant reduction in the surgical duration, length of hospital stay, and incidence of surgical site wound infections and postoperative complications. Hence, ERAT has clinical significance and the potential for further application and dissemination.
Exploring the similarities and differences amongst service users with and without learning disabilities attending Saint Marys Sexual Assault Referral Centre
Authors: Majeed‐Ariss Rabiya , Mattison Michelle , Rodriguez Pablo M. , White Catherine 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundPeople with learning disabilities are over‐represented amongst Sexual Assault Referral Centre service users. This work aims to explore the similarities and differences between service users with and without learning disabilities.MethodMedical notes of 52 service users likely to have a learning disability were compared with 52 service users not likely to have a learning disability (according to the Learning Disability Screening Questionnaire); all of whom attended Saint Marys SARC for a forensic medical examination during a 12‐month period.ResultsSignificant associations were found between the likelihood of learning disability and relationship to perpetrator; location of assault; alcohol use; time taken to present to SARC; domestic violence; self‐harm; suicide attempts and mental health service involvement.ConclusionsPeople with learning disabilities in the sexually assaulted population are more likely to present with intersecting vulnerabilities emphasising the need for timely, accessible and appropriate patient‐centred care for this group.
Infant and preschool attachment, continuity and relationship to caregiving sensitivity: findings from a new population‐based Australian cohort
Authors: McIntosh Jennifer E. , Opie Jessica , Greenwood Christopher J. , Booth Anna , Tan Evelyn , Painter Felicity , Messer Mariel , Macdonald Jacqui A. , Letcher Primrose , Olsson Craig A. ,   ATPG3 MAC Lab and Consortium
Published: July 2023

BackgroundHere, we report new prevalence and temporal stability data for child attachment and parental caregiving behaviour, from infancy (1 year) to preschool (4 years).MethodsAttachment (SSP) and caregiving data (MBQS) were from observations of parents and their infants and preschoolers, who represent the third generation of participants within an Australian longitudinal cohort.ResultsAt 1 year (n = 314 dyads) and at 4 years (n = 368 dyads), proportions assessed secure were 59% and 71%, respectively. Proportions assessed avoidant were 15% and 11%; ambivalent 9% and 6%, and disorganised 17% and 12%, at 1 and 4 years. Continuity of attachment pattern was highest for the infant secure group. Of dyads initially classified disorganised in infancy, 36% remained so at the preschool assessment. Attachment and caregiving continuities across the infancy–preschool period were highest for the stable secure attachment group and lowest for the stable insecure attachment group. Loss of secure attachment to mother by age 4 years correlated with decreased maternal caregiving sensitivity, and acquisition of secure status by age 4 was associated with increased maternal sensitivity. We found no difference in caregiving sensitivity scores for mothers and fathers for female and male preschool children.ConclusionsThe contemporary infant and preschool attachment proportions we report here closely mirror the patterns of those reported in prior decades, with an inclination towards secure base relationships. Our findings alert practitioners anew to the responsiveness of early attachment status to change in caregiving responsiveness and support ongoing investment in early identification of disorganised attachment.
Philosophy as a way of life, spiritual exercises, and palliative care
Authors: Sharpe Matt , Nolan Robert P. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes that resources from philosophy as a way of life (PWL), in particular the prescription of targeted ‘spiritual exercises’ (Hadot) can be used in palliative counselling, addressing Alexandrova's critique that philosophy as ‘big picture’ theories alone are insufficient. Part I shows how the disciplines of philosophy and medicine for a long time intersected, in particular in competing prescriptive notions of ‘regimen’ or ‘way of life’ (diaitês) in the ancient world, in which philosophy was considered widely as PWL. Part II applies PWL work on the ancient philosophical spiritual exercises to contemporary clinical settings. We show how six ancient spiritual exercises respond to patients' needs as persons, whose quality of life is importantly shaped by their beliefs and sense‐making, as they face profound existential or spiritual challenges, as well as forms of physical disability and diminished capabilities which they may never have previously countenanced.