bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extensive Copy Number Variation Explains Genome Size Variation in the Unicellular Zygnematophycean Alga, Closterium peracerosum–strigosum–littorale Complex
Authors: Kawaguchi Yawako W , Tsuchikane Yuki , Tanaka Keisuke , Taji Teruaki , Suzuki Yutaka , Toyoda Atsushi , Ito Motomi , Watano Yasuyuki , Nishiyama Tomoaki , Sekimoto Hiroyuki , Tsuchimatsu Takashi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Genome sizes are known to vary within and among closely related species, but the knowledge about genomic factors contributing to the variation and their impacts on gene functions is limited to only a small number of species. This study identified a more than 2-fold heritable genome size variation among the unicellular Zygnematophycean alga, Closterium peracerosum–strigosum–littorale (C. psl.) complex, based on short-read sequencing analysis of 22 natural strains and F1 segregation analysis. Six de novo assembled genomes revealed that genome size variation is largely attributable to genome-wide copy number variation (CNV) among strains rather than mating type-linked genomic regions or specific repeat sequences such as rDNA. Notably, about 30% of genes showed CNV even between strains that can mate with each other. Transcriptome and gene ontology analysis demonstrated that CNV is distributed nonrandomly in terms of gene functions, such that CNV was more often observed in the gene set with stage-specific expression. Furthermore, in about 30% of these genes with CNV, the expression level does not increase proportionally with the gene copy number, suggesting presence of dosage compensation, which was overrepresented in genes involved in basic biological functions, such as translation. Nonrandom patterns in gene duplications and corresponding expression changes in terms of gene functions may contribute to maintaining the high level of CNV associated with extensive genome size variation in the C. psl. complex, despite its possible detrimental effects.
O-214 interaction of air pollution and meteorological factors on IVF outcomes: a multicenter study in China
Authors: Wu S , Tan J , Zhang Y , Hao G , Chen X , Wu X , Haiqin R 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Study question
Is there an interaction between air pollution and meteorological factors on IVF outcomes?

Summary answer
The correlation between air-pollutant exposure and IVF outcomes was modified by meteorological conditions, especially temperature and wind speed.

What is known already
Previous studies revealed associations between air-pollutant exposure and in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes. However, modification effects of air pollution on IVF outcomes by meteorological conditions remain elusive.

Study design, size, duration
Multicenter retrospective cohort study, 2015–2020.

Participants/materials, setting, methods
This multicenter retrospective cohort study included 15,217 women from five northern Chinese cities during 2015–2020. Daily average concentrations of air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, O3, NO2, SO2, and CO) and meteorological factors (temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and sunshine duration) during different exposure windows were calculated as individual approximate exposure. Generalized estimating equations and stratification models were used to assess the associations of air pollution and meteorological conditions with IVF outcomes and estimated potential interactions.

Main results and the role of chance
Exposure to PM2.5, SO2, and O3 was adversely correlated with pregnancy outcomes in fresh IVF cycles. Positive associations of wind speed and sunshine duration with pregnancy outcomes were detected. In addition, we observed that embryo transfer in spring and summer had a higher likelihood to achieve a live birth compared with winter. In stratified models, pieces of evidence of interaction between meteorological factors and air pollutants on pregnancy outcomes were detected. Negative associations of PM2.5 with clinical pregnancy were only significant at lower temperatures and wind speeds. Moreover, the effects of O3 on live birth were enhanced by higher quartiles of wind speed.

Limitations, reasons for caution
First of all, we used the data from monitoring stations to estimate the individual exposure, which was inaccurate and may introduce bias. Second, due to data limitations, this study did not discuss socio-economic factors, which were reported to be associated with spatial-temporal variations of air pollutants and reproductive outcomes.

Wider implications of the findings
Pregnant women should be advised to reduce outdoor time when the air quality was poor, particularly at lower temperatures.

Trial registration number
not applicable
P-008 Acetate ameliorates doxorubicin-induced testicular toxicity by modulating Nrf2/NFkB pathway and apoptotic signaling
Authors: Akhigbe R , Adeyemi D , Hamed M , Akhigbe T 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Study question
Will acetate treatment ameliorate doxorubicin-induced testicular toxicity when used concomitantly?

Summary answer
Acetate ameliorated doxorubicin-induced testicular toxicity by modulating Nrf2/NFkB and apoptotic signaling.

What is known already
Doxorubicin is an antineoplastic agent that is effective in the management of several forms of cancers. However, a major limitation of this drug is its testicular toxicity. Studies have revealed that doxorubicin impairs male fertility by inducing testicular injury via downregulation of Nrf2 and upregulation of NFkB and apoptotic signaling. On the other hand, acetate upregulates Nrf2 and downregulates NFkB and apoptotic signaling. Yet, no study has reported the impact of acetate on doxorubicin-induced testicular toxicity.

Study design, size, duration
This is a prospective experimental study using animal model. Thirty two sexually mature litter-mate male Wistar rats of comparable weight were used for the study. The study lasted 8 weeks.

Participants/materials, setting, methods
Animals were acclimatized for two weeks, then randomized into four groups (n = 8). The control rats received 0.5mL of distilled water as vehicle p.o for 14 days, acetate-treated rats received 200 mg/kg/day of acetate p.o for 14 days, doxorubicin-treated rats received 7 mg/kg of doxorubicin i.p on day 8, while acetate + doxorubicin-treated rats received treatment as acetate-treated and doxorubicin-treated. The doses of drugs used were the Human Equivalent doses for rats.

Main results and the role of chance
Acetate ameliorated doxorubicin-induced rise in testicular activities of gamma glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase activity, and lactate levels. Also, acetate ameliorated doxorubicin-induced decline in the activities of testicular superoxide dismutase and catalase, and glutathione and Nrf2 concentrations. Acetate also alleviated doxorubicin-induced rise in testicular MPO activities, malondialdehyde, TNF-α, IL-1β, and NF-kB levels. More so, acetate ameliorated doxorubicin-induced reduction in spermatogenic indices and sperm quality, circulatory levels of FSH, LH, and testosterone, and testicular concentrations of 3β-HSD, 17β-HSD, and testosterone. These events were associated with dampening of doxorubicin-induced upregulation of Bax, caspase 3 and caspase 9 activities and doxorubicin-induced downregulation of BCl-2 by acetate.

Limitations, reasons for caution
This study was conducted in a rat model; therefore the results of the present study should be extrapolated to human with caution. Clinical trials are recommended to validate these findings.

Wider implications of the findings
The present study demonstrated the ameliorative effect of acetate treatment on doxorubicin-induced testicular toxicity. These findings provide substantive evidence of the possible protective role of acetate in doxorubicin-induced testicular toxicity.

Trial registration number
Not applicable
P-114 Abdominal obesity in Polycystic ovary syndrome patients can increase endometrial stromal cells decidualization
Authors: Shalchian Z , Taheri S , Hafezi M , Shirvanizadeh F , Nasiri N , Eftekhari yazdi P 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Study question
Whether abdominal obesity can change the decidualization induction potential in PCOS patients?

Summary answer
We hypothesized that considering the inflammatory origin of abdominal obesity, it may affect decidualization potential of endometrial stromal cells (ESCs).

What is known already
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) as a chronic inflammatory disease is the most common hormonal disorder in women of reproductive age, which is often associated with subfertility or infertility due to ovulation disorders and subsequently low pregnancy rate, live birth rate and a high miscarriage rate. Inflammatory Abdominal obesity (AO) is the most common phenotype in PCOS patients, which has a high association with PCOS pathogenesis. Embryo-endometrium cross-talk has a key role in successful embryo implantation, which contains inflammatory phase (decidualization induction). Followed by inflammatory phase for pregnancy support.

Study design, size, duration
Our study population were consisting of 53 infertile women including PCOS diagnosed according to Rotterdam criteria (n = 25) and normal oogenesis women (male factor infertility) (n = 28) with in vitro fertilization (IVF) / intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and frozen embryo transfer (FET) indication. All patients were aged 25-35 referred to Royan Institute between 1st May until 1st December in 2021 for infertility treatments.

Participants/materials, setting, methods
The embryos were subdivided into four groups: PCOS with AO, PCOS without AO, nonPCOS with AO, and nonPCOS without AO patients. The embryos from each group were single cultured up to the blastocyst stage. Their embryo condition media (ECM) were pooled and added to the culture media of healthy ESCs monolayer to investigate their effects on decidualization potential via gene and protein expression analysis and ESCs migration assay.

Main results and the role of chance
Results showed that ECM generally can improved decidualization capacity in ESCs. Morphological analysis, migration assay, protein and gene expressional analysis showed PCOS with AO had the highest decidualization potential and revealed by higher expression of decidualization markers (P ≤ 0.05). NonPCOS individuals without AO had the lowest level of both gene and protein decidualization markers (P ≤ 0.05).

Limitations, reasons for caution
Due to small sample population and the ECM volume limitation, the present study remained focused on the some main decidualization markers rather than extended study.

Wider implications of the findings
Inflammation may increase endometrial receptivity, allowing more suboptimal embryos to implant; this could explain the high rate of abortion in these cases. Controlling the inflammation in PCOS patients with AO may correct the decidualization profile of these patients.

Trial registration number
Not applicable
P-396 Modified Flare/GnRH antagonist protocol versus GnRH antagonist protocol in oocyte cryopreservation cycles
Authors: Kedem A , Avraham S , Yerushalmi G , Youngster M , Gat I , Gidoni Y , Baruchin O , Landau-Rabbi M , Barkat J , Yakkov O , Hourvitz A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Study question
Is there an advantage for modified flare/ GnRH antagonist protocol in comparison to antagonist protocol in oocyte cryopreservation cycles?

Summary answer
Modified flare/ GnRH antagonist protocol is at least as good as antagonist protocol in oocyte cryopreservation cycles, potentially improving maturity rate in subgroup of patients.

What is known already
Ultrashort flare GnRH agonist (GnRHa)/GnRH -antagonist protocol offer benefits of stimulatory effect of repeated microdose flare on endogenous FSH and the advantages of GnRH antagonist suppression, including the option to use GnRHa ovulation trigger to avoid ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. GnRHa ovulation trigger has been associated with suboptimal response that refers to lesser than expected oocyte yield. Our research group previously demonstrated the value of GnRHa follicular challenge test (FACT) in prediction of suboptimal response assessed by post ovulation trigger LH levels and as a dynamic ovarian reserve test (not published yet).

Study design, size, duration
A retrospective, age- matched, cohort study that included all non-medical oocyte cryopreservation cycles from October 2020 to December 2021. The study group included 110 women that received modified flare/ GnRH antagonist protocol and were matched with 110 women that received antagonist protocol.

Participants/materials, setting, methods
Women in the modified flare/ GnRH antagonist protocol were administered GnRHa (Decapeptyl 0.2 mg) on day 2 to menstrual cycle followed by flexible antagonist protocol. They were compared to age matched women that received flexible antagonist protocol. In both study groups GnRHa final ovulation trigger was administered.

Main results and the role of chance
Among 110 women that underwent non-medical fertility preservation with modified Flare/GnRH antagonist protocol, in comparison to 110 women that received antagonist protocol, a reduced dosage of gonadotropins was consumed with more oocytes retrieved (14.63 vs. 13.86) and more mature oocytes cryopreserved (11.32 vs. 10.14), but differences were not significantly different. In a subgroup with more than 6 oocytes retrieved significantly more mature oocytes were cryopreserved in women that received modified flare/antagonist protocol (14.03± 0.90 vs. 11.63± 0.71, p = 0.03) in comparison to women that received antagonist protocol.

Limitations, reasons for caution
Limitations of our study are its retrospective nature and lack of information on the oocyte’s fertilization competence and pregnancy outcomes.

Wider implications of the findings
Future studies will further explore the advantages of this protocol in terms of higher oocytes maturity rate, intra cycle prediction of ovarian response and suboptimal response to GnRHa triggering.

Trial registration number
not applicable
Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids differs among sources of bakery meal when fed to growing pigs
Authors: Stein Hans H , Adeola Olayiwola , Baidoo Samuel K , Lindemann Merlin D , Adedokun Sunday A ,   North Central Coordinating Committee on Swine Nutrition (NCCC-42), Azain M J , Carter S D , Crenshaw T D , Dilger R , Hill G M , Jha R , Kerr B J , Kim S W , Liao S , Liu Y , Miller P S , Nelssen J L , Patience J F , Shannon M S , Woyengo T , Beitz D 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A multistate experiment involving universities in IL, IN, KY, and MN was conducted as a part of the research efforts by the North-Central Coordinating Committee-42 on swine nutrition. The null hypothesis that there are no differences in the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) among different sources of bakery meal was tested. Eleven sources of bakery meal were procured from swine-producing states in the United States and each source was included in one diet as the sole source of AA. A N-free diet was prepared as well. Diets were prepared in one batch and divided into four sub-batches that were subsequently distributed to the four participating universities. At each university, diets were fed to 12 pigs that had a T- cannula installed in the distal ileum. Pigs were allotted to incomplete Latin square designs with 12 pigs and 4, 5, or 6 periods for a total of 21 replicate pigs per diet. Each period lasted 7 d with ileal digesta being collected from the cannulas on days 6 and 7. Samples were analyzed for AA and the SID of each AA was calculated. Results indicated that there were differences (P &lt; 0.001) in the SID of all AA except Pro among the 11 sources of bakery meal. The differences in SID of AA observed in this experiment were greater than what is usually observed among sources of the same ingredient, indicating that there is more variability among sources of bakery meal than among different sources of other ingredients. This is likely a consequence of different raw materials being used in the production of different sources of bakery meal. Regardless of source of bakery meal, the AA with the least SID was Lys indicating that some of the raw materials in the product streams used to generate the bakery meals may have been overheated. Additionally, the Lys:crude protein ratio in each source of bakery meal was not a good predictor of the SID of Lys, which likely reflects the different raw materials being included in the different meals. In conclusion, the SID of AA varies among different sources of bakery meal and the SID of Lys is less than the SID of all other indispensable AA.
Dietary supplementation of Ocimum

g

ratissimum improves growth performance and immune response in broilers under high ambient temperature
Authors: Lin Ping-Hung , Chen Zheng-Wen , Liu Jer-Yuh , Ye Je-Chiuan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Ocimum gratissimum (OG) was found to have immunity boosting effect on Taiwan country chickens and broiler chickens raised in moderate ambient temperature in previous studies, and the current study investigates its potential on the growth performance, blood traits, intestinal traits, and immune responses in Ross 308 broilers raised in high ambient temperature which can induce mild heat-stress (26 to 33 ˚C, average 30 ˚C). Two hundred 1-d-old male/female chicks were randomly assigned to a control group, three OG (1 g/kg, 3 g/kg, and 5 g/kg)/basal diet groups, and one Amoxicillin group. Data collected during the experiment indicated that the weight gain increase of 1742 g/bird to 1815 g/bird comparing control to 5 g/kg OG supplementation was statistically significant. In addition, the production efficiency factor was also noticeably increased by OG, particularly in the 5 g/kg group, and the uric acid levels were decreased in the 3 and 5 g/kg OG groups (from 4.26 to 2.91 and 2.90 mg/dL, respectively), indicating heat-stress alleviation was observed. Several areas of the carcass saw desirable growth changes, including the increase of breast muscle ratio observed in the 5 g/kg OG group, an overall decrease in abdominal fat in all OG groups, as well as dimensional changes in several areas of the digestive system. Lastly, the hemaglutination, hemaglutination inhibition, and phytohemaglutinin tests indicated elevated immuno-response in all OG groups. In conclusion, OG has exhibited the ability to alleviate symptoms of mild heat-stress, leading to improvement of the digestive organ development and increase of carcass mass and mean weight gain for birds, and we find OG to be a potentially beneficial feed supplement for poultry raising in high ambient temperature conditions.
A Venus in the making? Predictions for JWST observations of the ultracool M-dwarf planet LP 890-9 c
Authors: Gomez Barrientos Jonathan , Kaltenegger Lisa , MacDonald Ryan J 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
The recently discovered transiting super-Earth LP 890-9 c is potentially one of the best rocky exoplanets for atmospheric characterization. Orbiting an ultracool M-dwarf at the inner edge of the habitable zone, LP 890-9 c offers a new opportunity to study the climate of rocky planets at the inner edge of the habitable zone. We investigate the molecular detectability with simulated JWST transmission spectra for five potential atmospheres of LP 890-9 c. We find that a small three-transit JWST program can infer evidence of ${\rm {H}_{2}\rm {O}}$ (at 3σ confidence) for a full runaway greenhouse scenario. Alternatively, $\rm {CO_{2}}$-dominated atmospheres resembling Venus without high-altitude terminator clouds can be identified with eight transits. However, these predictions could be complicated by the impact of clouds and/or unocculted starspots. Nevertheless, JWST observations of LP 890-9 c could provide critical insights and potentially distinguish between models of rocky planets at the inner edge of the habitable zone.
Elevational differences in migration phenology of Lazuli Buntings do not support selection-based hypotheses for protandry
Authors: Savides Kim , Rushing Clark S 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Documenting and understanding sex-specific variation in migratory phenology is important for predicting avian population dynamics. In spring, males often arrive on the breeding grounds before females (protandry), though whether these patterns result from fitness benefits vs. sex-specific constraints on arrival timing remains poorly understood. Sex-specific variation in the timing of fall migration is less well-documented than in spring, in part because documenting fall departures is often limited by cryptic behaviors, lower vocalization rates, and shifting territory boundaries during this time of year. We used 2 years of high-resolution encounter data from radio-frequency identification (RFID)-equipped bird feeders to monitor the daily presence of male and female Lazuli Buntings (Passerina amoena) throughout the breeding season at a high and a low-elevation site in Cache County, Utah, USA. These encounter data were used to estimate daily arrival and departure probabilities and to investigate possible differences in migration timing in relation to sex and elevation. At low elevation, male arrival (n = 15) preceded female arrival (n = 16) by ~1 week, consistent with previous research that has documented protandry in other migratory songbirds. At high elevation, however, no significant differences were found between male (n = 19) and female arrival (n = 6). In fall, we found little difference in departure dates between elevation or sex, or between years. Our observations are most consistent with constraint-based hypotheses explaining protandry, possibly relating to sex-specific constraints operating during the nonbreeding period. We additionally emphasize the need for quantifying uncertainty in phenological estimates and importance of addressing potential differences across demographic groups.