bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospects to Enhance Arthropod Diversity of Crop Ecosystems
Authors: Jayasekharan B. Sailaja , Venkateswarlu V. , Sree U. , Madhav M. Sheshu , Pratheepa M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Arthropods are key constituents of agro ecosystems in maintaining the stability and sustainability of the ecosystem. Their occurrence and abundance were estimated in tobacco crop ecosystem. Samples were collected periodically using pitfall traps, preserved, identified and classified taxonomically to calculate biodiversity indices. During the crop season, as many as 1691 arthropods were collected across various crop ecosystems. About 74 arthropod species were recorded belonging to about 58 families. Biodiversity indices indicate that chickpea and mustard crop ecosystems have the highest species richness of 1.8, relative to FCV planted crop and FCV nursery (1.6 each). Evenness index was also relatively higher for chickpea and mustard crops (0.67 each). It was observed that intercropping tobacco with crops such as chickpea and mustard will enhance the arthropod abundances and their ecosystem services, playing key roles in maintaining a healthy crop ecosystem.
Characterization of the combining ability of maize inbred lines containing temperate germplasm using Striga resistant testers
Authors: Adekunle Dorcas , Mengesha Wende , Abe Ayodeji , Meseka Silvestro , Bossey Bunmi , Menkir Abebe 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Temperate maize inbred lines are potential sources of desirable alleles for tropical germplasm improvement. To date, the benefit of the temperate inbred lines as a potential source of beneficial alleles for Striga hermonthica resistance breeding to enhance genetic gain in tropical maize has not been fully exploited. This study was conducted to define the heterotic resemblances of the temperate inbred lines using two tropical testers and determine the impact of the temperate inbred lines when used as a parent to improve economically important agronomic traits under normal and Striga infested conditions.
Thirty-two temperate lines and two testers were crossed using line x tester mating design. The resulting 64 hybrids plus 4 checks were evaluated for two years using 17x4 alpha lattice design with 2 replications under infested and non-infested conditions at Abuja and Mokwa in Nigeria.
The mean performance of testcrosses for grain yield was generally higher under non-infested than under infested condition. Grain yield (GY) ranged from 1973.00 to 4714.00 kg/ha under Striga infested condition, and 1964.00 to 5428.00 kg/ha under non-infested condition. Ten temperate inbred lines had positive GCA effects for GY under both conditions and seventeen testcrosses had positive specific combining ability (SCA) for GY. There were significant mean square differences due to line GCA for days to 50% silking and days to 50% pollen shed and SCA of lines ×tester interaction was significant for grain yield under Striga infestation, indicating that the performance of temperate lines in testcrosses varies with the testers. These results could facilitate systematic introgression of the temperate inbred lines into the existing Striga resistant heterotic groups in IITA. The temperate inbred lines with positive GCA effects and producing high grain yields in hybrid combinations could be useful parents for enhancing Striga resistance and agronomic performance of tropical maize germplasms.
Insoluble surfactant spreading over a deep layer of a Power-law fluid
Authors: Baños Ruben , Arcos José , Bautista Oscar , Méndez Federico 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this work, a numerical study is conducted to analyze the spreading dynamics of an insoluble and non-diffusive surfactant through the Marangoni convection mechanism on the surface of a deep layer of a shear thickening fluid, whose behavior follows the power-law fluid rheological model. The momentum and convective-diffusion equations are non-dimensionalized and solved numerically by an implicit finite-difference scheme. The dynamic of the physical problem depends on dimensionless parameters that control the decay of the temporal variations in the surfactant concentration: the Reynolds number $Re$, the power index $n$, and $\varepsilon$, the latter denoting the influence of the inertia of the fluid. The main findings show that opposite to shear-thinning fluids, shear-thickening fluids require less time to reach the uniform condition in the surfactant distribution due to a lower response to the inertia of the fluid; this time is even less than that needed for Newtonian fluids. Besides, both types, pseudoplastic and dilatant fluids, showed a similar response when varying the Reynolds number; as this parameter increases, the temporal decay of the surfactant concentration on the fluid surface increases while the distance over which the fluid motion is diffused towards the bottom of the fluid layer decreases.
Census of the avian richness of the W Benin Park
Authors: Justine KOTIN M. , Jean-Cosssi GANGLO 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Observations were made in the W Park to inventory the avian fauna of this site. This study was undertaken to determine the avian wealth of the Park W Benin. Periodic and regular observations from 2010 to 2017 have helped to establish a list of different species of birds found in the park, in order to develop strategies for good conservation and tourism development of this part of the biodiversity of the Park. A total of 14034 observation points were georeferenced.
Towards sub-second Solution Exchange Dynamics in Liquid-Phase TEM Flow Reactors
Authors: Merkens Stefan , Tollan Christopher , De Salvo Giuseppe , Bejtka Katarzyna , Fontana Marco , Chiodoni Angelica , Grzelczak Marek , Seifert Andreas , Chuvilin Andrey 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Liquid Phase-Transmission Electron Microscopy research increasingly relies on liquid flow reactors to monitor nanoscale dynamics. Current challenges comprise fast mass transport dynamics inside the central nanochannel of the liquid cell, typically flow cells, and reliable fixation of the specimen in the limited imaging area. In this work, we present a novel liquid cell concept, the diffusion cell, that satisfies these seemingly contradictory requirements by providing additional on-chip bypasses to allow high convective transport around the nanochannel in which the diffusive transport predominates. Diffusion cell prototypes were developed using numerical mass transport models and fabricated on the base of existing two-chip MEMS-setups. Important hydrodynamic parameters such as the total flow resistance, the flow velocity in the imaging area and the time constants of mixing were improved by ~2-3 orders of magnitude compared to existing setups. Obtained solution replacement dynamics within seconds already matches the mixing timescales of many ex situ scenarios, with further improvements possible. Diffusion cells can be easily integrated into existing Liquid Phase Transmission Electron Microscopy workflows, provide correlation of results with ex-situ experiments, and can create entirely new research directions for fast nanoscale processes in liquids.
Ambiguous identity: Arab women students in STEM graduate programs in the United States
Authors: Hamad Fadwa , Pleasants Brandy 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This study focuses on Arabic women in STEM graduate programs in the US. Arab women lack visibility because there are few Arab women in STEM, and it is difficult to study Arab women given their categorization as white or Asian – rather than Arab - on census documents. If we consider the religious, cultural, and language differences, in addition to the long history of sexism against women in STEM in the US, Arab women students are unlikely to be given the same opportunities and freedom to engage in STEM fields as others. Using the intersectionality framework and previous literature, this study examines the additive effect of having multiple identities for Arab women in STEM. Through in-depth interviews with Arab women graduate students in STEM, this study presents the prominent identities that Arab women value in STEM and their perceptions of experiencing challenges because of their multiple identities. In addition, this study examines how intersecting identities influence their dynamic interactions with others and impacts their success in STEM. Findings highlighted the significant impact of Muslim identity on their experiences, the role of the hijab, the conflation of their Arab and Muslim identities, the reluctance to use school resources to help with discrimination, and their high levels of self-efficacy. The results of this study shed light on his hidden population, identifying challenges to their success in STEM graduate programs in the US.
Investigation of the molecular mechanism of Xiangsha Liujun Pill in the treatment of gastritis based on network pharmacology and molecular docking
Authors: Wei Jiaen , Li Zhengxiu , Tang Tingting , Yu Ruolan , Cao Xuejing , Liu Yong , Huang Zunnan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractXiangsha Liujun Pill (XSLJP) is a traditional Chinese medical complex prescription containing ten herbs and is widely used to treat gastrointestinal diseases. This study aims to investigate the mechanism of XSLJP treating gastritis. We first identified 327 targets based on 118 active components using the TCMSP, SwissTargetPrediction and STITCH databases and 180 gastritis-related targets using the DisGeNET database. Their intersection revealed that 26 common targets may play crucial roles in gastritis therapy by XSLJP. Then, we identified 12 key active components and eight hub proteins from the ‘drug-component-common target’ network. Finally, KEGG and GO enrichment analyses revealed that the therapeutic targets of XSLJP were mainly related to inflammation and cancer pathways, such as TNF, JAK/STAT and MAPK signalling pathway. This study not only provides new ideas for further exploring the specific mechanism of XSLJP treating gastritis but also offers a theoretical basis for future research on its active components.
An improved and convenient petri plate-based method for studying the root growth of plants
Authors: Kaachra Anish , Suri Anantika , Kumar Sanjay 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Plant scientists across the globe are interested in studying the root growth architecture of plants to understand different processes determining growth and development in plants. In the majority of cases, root growth-related experiments are carried out on petri plates filled with solid nutrient media. However, plants growing in these plates are often exposed to conditions that are not close to the natural conditions. Also, it is difficult to pour two different media on the same plate which is quite a useful feature to study the effect of specific treatment on plant growth. In the present work, we describe an improved and easy-to-use petri plate system useful for studying root growth characteristics of young plants grown over solid nutrient media. In comparison to the conventional methods, the present plate system offers an advantage in terms of facilitating the pouring of two different media in the same plate, avoiding contact of the aerial part of the plant with nutrient media, and ensuring the growth of roots under dark conditions. Briefly, two sections with horizontal apertures are provided across the length of the plate. While the upper section ensures that the aerial part of plants does not come in contact with nutrient media, the lower section facilitates the growth of roots in a second media having different nutrient compositions. The upper section is kept black, and a self-adhesive black film is provided to cover the root-growing region of the plate ensuring the growth of roots under dark conditions. The described plate, therefore, provides a convenient system to study root growth under conditions close to natural conditions and hence minimizing experimental artifacts.
Design and modeling of cyclotron proton circuit with helium Source
Authors: Fatemeh.zaheri  , ghapanvari Erfan , Marziye.nadi  
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Today, the need to build high-energy and efficient accelerators for laboratory and industrial work is more than ever. In this article, we investigate and model the behavior of protons inside a cyclotron with a helium source, which releases protons through the ionization process of electric discharge. helium source as a new source for cyclotron increases productivity. we will examine all methods and positions, as well as kinetic energy and phase change. the amount of electric and magnetic field considered in this accelerator is experimental and operational.
Pengaruh Penambahan Ekstrak Daun Stevia ( Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni)) terhadap Daya Terima, Kandungan Gizi, dan Aktifitas Antioksidan Kefir Susu Kambing
Authors: Hardiansyah Angga , Halimah Hesti Arum , Widiastuti Widiastuti 
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding stevia leaf extract to the acceptability test, nutritional quality content, and antioxidant activity content of goat milk kefir. This research method used an experimental method with a completely randomized design with four treatments and two repetitions. Treat P0, namely 0% control, 5% P1, 10% P2, and 15% P3, with the addition of stevia leaf extract. The modified sample was tested on 30 untrained panelists. Data analysis for organoleptic tests used the Kruskall-Wallis analysis method, and if there were significant differences, it was continued with the Mann-Whitney test. Laboratory test analysis data is used using the independent sample t test analysis method to determine the difference between the selected formula and the control. Acceptability test results on the aspect of preference (overall) showed that the most preferred formula was P3 (15% addition of stevia leaf extract) with an average value of 4.00 (P=0.001). Statistical test results for differences in control formula (P0) and selected formula (P3) on water content (P=0.051), ash content (P=0.301), fat content (P=0.010), protein content (P=0.029), sugar content total (P=0.025) and antioxidant activity (P=0.001). The addition of stevia leaf extract increased the acceptability and antioxidant activity of goat's milk kefir. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh penambahan ekstrak daun stevia terhadap daya terima, kandungan gizi, dan aktivitas antioksidan kefir susu kambing. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimental menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan empat perlakukan dan dua kali pengulangan. Perlakukan P0 yaitu 0% kontrol, P1 dengan 5% penambahan ekstrak daun stevia, P2 10% dan P3 15%. Produk diujikan pada 30 panelis tidak terlatih. Hasil organoleptik diuji menggunakan uji Kruskall Wallis dan uji Mann-Whitney. Uji laboratorium menggunakan metode analisis Independent sample t test untuk mengetahui perbedaan antarformula. Hasil uji daya terima pada aspek kesukaan (overall) menunjukkan formula paling disukai yaitu P3 (15% daun stevia ) dengan nilai rata-rata 4,00 (P=0,001). Hasil uji statistik perbedaan formula kontrol (P0) dan formula terpilih (P3) pada kadar air (P=0,051), kadar abu (P=0,301), kadar lemak (P=0,010), kadar protein (P=0,029), kadar gula total (P=0,025) dan aktivitas antioksidan (P=0,001). Penambahan ekstrak daun stevia meningkatkan daya terima dan aktivitas antioksidan kefir susu kambing.
Modelling of clear water scour depth around bridge piers using M5 tree and ANN-PSO
Authors: Kumar Amarjeet , Baranwal Anubhav , Das B. S. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Scouring refers to the process by which bed sediment in a river is eroded around the periphery of a bridge abutment or pier. Many empirical models are available to estimate the scour depth for different flow, geometry, and bed roughness condition. However, none of them provide a better estimation of scour depth for a wide range of input parameters. Thus, in this paper, the scour depth around bridge piers has been modelled using M5 tree and hybrid artificial neural network (ANN)-particle swarm optimisation (PSO) techniques by considering the wide range of datasets. The clear-water scouring (CWS) datasets are collected from the literature and five different non-dimensional influencing parameters are selected as input parameters to model the scour depth. A Gamma test (GT) was performed to choose the best input parameter combinations. Based on the lowest gamma value and V-ratio, 4 out of 26 distinct input combinations for CWS depth modelling were chosen in the GT. According to statistical measures, the proposed M5 tree model predicts scour depth better than empirical approaches. Additionally, the developed ANN-PSO model is suitable for determining scour depth in both rectangular and circular shapes of piers. The results of both developed models are compared with other existing models and found to be satisfactory.
Therapeutic Potential of Plant Metabolites in Bone Apoptosis: A Review
Authors: Devi Kadirvel , Shanmugarajan Thukani Sathanantham 
Published: August 2023

Abstract:
Osteoporosis is one of the skeletal diseases of major health concern worldwide. Homeostasis
of bone occurs with the help of cells, namely, osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Physiological and
pathological conditions involve the death of the cells by apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis. Apoptosis
is a key factor in the growth, development, and maintenance of the skeleton. Apoptosis is generated
by two pathways: the intrinsic (mitochondria) and extrinsic (death receptor) pathways. Osteoblast
apoptosis is governed by the factors like B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family proteins, extracellular
signal-regulated kinase (ERK), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), phosphoinositide-
3-kinase/ protein kinase B (PI3-K/Akt), Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), bone morphogenetic protein
(BMP), and bone matrix protein. Cytokines interact with osteocytes and induce apoptosis. A pro-inflammatory
signal stimulates osteocyte apoptosis and increases osteocyte cytokines production.
Current therapies have adverse effects which limit their applications. Various plant metabolites
have shown beneficial effects on bone. The present review converses about normal bone
metabolism and the mechanism of apoptosis leading to bone deterioration. Furthermore, it discusses
the role of plant metabolites on bone apoptosis with related indications of efficacy in various experimental
models.
Prognostic Value of Red Blood Cell Distribution Width and Hemoglobin in
Patients with Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Xu Jiaping , Sun Xin , Cao Weiyin , Wu Huan , Pan Xinjia , Wang Linchi , Zhou Yi , Zhai Wanqing , You Shoujiang , Cao Yongjun 
Published: August 2023

Background:
The association between baseline red blood cell distribution width (RDW)
and hemoglobin levels and outcomes after acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is not well studied.
We aimed to investigate the association between baseline RDW and hemoglobin levels with
early hematoma expansion (HE) and mortality at 3 months and 1 year in acute ICH patients.

Methods:
A total of 393 ICH patients from January 2014 to February 2019 were included. Patients
were divided into four groups based on quartiles of RDW and hemoglobin levels at admission, respectively.
Logistic regression models were used to estimate the effect of the levels of RDW and
hemoglobin on early HE (absolute hematoma growth >6 mL from baseline to follow-up) and allcaused
mortality at 3 months and 1 year.

Results:
There were no significant associations between baseline RDW and hemoglobin levels and
early HE. The 3-month mortality (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.88; 95% confidence intervals [CI]
0.96-8.64) and 1-year mortality (adjusted OR 3.16, 95% CI 1.08-9.21) was significantly higher in
patients with the highest RDW level (Q4) compared to those with the lowest RDW level (Q1).
Moreover, patients with the lowest hemoglobin level were significantly associated with increased
odds of all-cause mortality at 3-month (adjusted OR 3.95, 95% CI 1.26-12.4) and 1-year (adjusted
OR 4.42, 95% CI 1.56-12.5) compared to those with highest hemoglobin level.

Conclusion:
In patients with acute ICH, a higher level of RDW at admission significantly increased
the risk of all-cause mortality at 1 year. Moreover, a decreased hemoglobin level at admission
was also associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality at 3 months and 1 year.
Non-traumatic Limping in the Child: A Pediatric Rheumatologist Perspective
on Etiology, Clinical Evaluation, Laboratory Diagnosis, and Diagnostic
Algorithms using Musculoskeletal Ultrasound (MSUS)
Authors: Harjacek Miroslav 
Published: August 2023

Abstract:
Limping refers to an asymmetrical gait that deviates from the typical gait pattern ex-
pected for a child of a certain age. In most children, limping is caused by a mild, self-limiting event,
such as a contusion, strain, or sprain. However, a child's limping is always a pathological finding
that poses a particular diagnostic challenge and necessitates a thorough assessment. The pediatrician
must weigh a wide range of acute and chronic potential causes of a non-traumatic limp, including
infection, neoplasia, and chronic inflammatory disorders. A thorough history and clinical examina-
tion will help us arrive at the correct diagnosis. Understanding the typical gait is essential to recog-
nizing and correctly interpreting the disordered one. The examination of child limping involves us-
ing a variety of diagnostic methods. Efficient and cost-effective diagnosis and treatment of the un-
derlying condition requires a systematic approach. This review provides the pediatric rheumatolo-
gist perspective and approach for evaluating non-traumatic limp in children, with a focus on the use
of point-of-care (PoC) musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) as a crucial tool in daily practice.
Prevalence and Co-prevalence of Comorbidities among Patients with Type
2 Diabetes Mellitus in the MENA Region: A Systematic Review
Authors: Khalil Samir Assaad , Azar Sami , Hafidh Khadija , Ayad George , Safwat Mohamed 
Published: August 2023

Aim:
The management of type 2 diabetes mellitus is affected by the presence of comorbidities.
This meta-analysis aimed to determine how likely it is for individuals with type 2 diabetes
in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region to be living with additional chronic health
conditions.

Methods:
We searched for studies published from January 2010 to December 2020 in the PubMed,
Ovid MEDLINE®, Cochrane CENTRAL, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Studies of
adults with type 2 diabetes in the MENA region were included. We performed a random-effects
meta-analysis of single proportions to calculate each comorbidity's overall prevalence/coprevalence.

Results:
Statistically significant co-prevalence was detected at p < 0.01 for angina (pooled proportion:
0.24, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.49), cerebrovascular accident (pooled proportion: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.08,
0.26), coronary artery disease (pooled proportion: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.16, 0.35), coronary heart disease
(pooled proportion: 0.05, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.12), peripheral vascular disease (pooled proportion: 0.19,
95% CI: 0.13, 0.26), hypertension (pooled proportion: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.43, 0.69), renal impairment
(pooled proportion: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.29), in addition to hyperlipidemia and overweight/
obesity.

Conclusion:
There is evidence of co-prevalence of several comorbidities in patients with type 2
diabetes, highlighting the importance of enhancing communication among healthcare professionals
to develop the optimal management plan for each patient.