bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood Pressure Levels, Cardiovascular Events, and Renal Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease Without Antihypertensive Therapy: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Wu Shujing , Li Mian , Lu Jieli , Tang Xulei , Wang Guixia , Zheng Ruizhi , Niu Jingya , Chen Li , Huo Yanan , Xu Min , Wang Tiange , Zhao Zhiyun , Wang Shuangyuan , Lin Hong , Qin Guijun , Yan Li , Wan Qin , Chen Lulu , Shi Lixin , Hu Ruying , Su Qing , Yu Xuefeng , Qin Yingfen , Chen Gang , Gao Zhengnan , Shen Feixia , Luo Zuojie , Chen Yuhong , Zhang Yinfei , Liu Chao , Wang Youmin , Wu Shengli , Yang Tao , Li Qiang , Mu Yiming , Zhao Jiajun , Ning Guang , Bi Yufang , Wang Weiqing , Xu Yu ,   for the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort (4C) Study Group†
Published: January 2023

Background:
High blood pressure (BP) is highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease. However, the thresholds to initiate BP-lowering treatment in this population are unclear. We aimed to examine the associations between BP levels and clinical outcomes and provide evidence on potential thresholds to initiate BP-lowering therapy in people with chronic kidney disease.

Methods:
This nationwide, multicenter, prospective cohort study included 12 523 chronic kidney disease participants without antihypertensive therapy in mainland China. Participants were followed up during 2011 to 2016 for cardiovascular events (nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, hospitalized or treated heart failure, and cardiovascular death) and renal events (≥20% decline in the estimated glomerular filtration rate, end-stage kidney disease, and renal death).

Results:

Overall, 652 cardiovascular events and 1268 renal events occurred during 43 970 person-years of follow-up. We observed a positive and linear relationship between systolic BP and risks of cardiovascular and renal events down to 90 mm Hg, as well as between diastolic BP and risks of renal events down to 50 mm Hg. A J-shaped trend was noted between diastolic BP and risks of cardiovascular events, but a linear relationship was revealed in participants <60 years (
P
for interaction <0.001). A significant increase in the risk of cardiovascular and renal outcomes was observed at systolic BP ≥130 mm Hg (versus 90–119 mm Hg) and at diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg (versus 50–69 mm Hg).

Conclusions:
In people with chronic kidney disease, a higher systolic BP/diastolic BP level (≥130/90 mm Hg) is significantly associated with a greater risk of cardiovascular and renal events, indicating potential thresholds to initiate BP-lowering treatment.
β-Bursts over Frontal Cortex Track the Surprise of Unexpected Events in Auditory, Visual, and Tactile Modalities
Authors: Tatz Joshua R. , Mather Alec , Wessel Jan R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
One of the fundamental ways in which the brain regulates and monitors behavior is by making predictions about the sensory environment and adjusting behavior when those expectations are violated. As such, surprise is one of the fundamental computations performed by the human brain. In recent years, it has been well established that one key aspect by which behavior is adjusted during surprise is inhibitory control of the motor system. Moreover, because surprise automatically triggers inhibitory control without much proactive influence, it can provide unique insights into largely reactive control processes. Recent years have seen tremendous interest in burst-like β frequency events in the human (and nonhuman) local field potential—especially over (p)FC—as a potential signature of inhibitory control. To date, β-bursts have only been studied in paradigms involving a substantial amount of proactive control (such as the stop-signal task). Here, we used two cross-modal oddball tasks to investigate whether surprise processing is accompanied by increases in scalp-recorded β-bursts. Indeed, we found that unexpected events in all tested sensory domains (haptic, auditory, visual) were followed by low-latency increases in β-bursting over frontal cortex. Across experiments, β-burst rates were positively correlated with estimates of surprise derived from Shannon's information theory, a type of surprise that represents the degree to which a given stimulus violates prior expectations. As such, the current work clearly implicates frontal β-bursts as a signature of surprise processing. We discuss these findings in the context of common frameworks of inhibitory and cognitive control after unexpected events.
Taleng Phai: A Chakrabhand Puppet Play: Characteristics of Performance Literature
Authors: Ratchatakorntrakoon Ratchaneekorn 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This research examines literary techniques used in the adaptation of Lilit Taleng Phai to a Chakrabhand puppet play and analyzes characteristics of Taleng Phai: A Chakrabhand Puppet Play as performance literature. The study reveals that four literary techniques were used to make this adaptation: 1) adaptation of the content; 2) the characters; 3) the pattern; and 4) the presentation. These adaptations contribute to the characteristics of puppet play as performance literature through five conventions: 1) use of an invocation for puppet performance; 2) inclusion of puppet songs; 3) insertion of jokes; 4) method of delivery of puppets to the stage; and 5) not ending with the death of a character. Importantly, the play includes three innovations of puppet performance: 1) the creation of a puppet play from historical literature; 2) the creation of an atmosphere in a puppet performance; and 3) the creation of songs and a singing format.
Governing aid coordination in regional platforms: the G20 Compact with Africa case
Authors: Fabiani Beatrice , Frondizi Rocco , Rossi Noemi 
Published: January 2023

The diversity and increasing number of development actors is a factor of complexity for recipient countries that puts at risk the efficiency of assistance delivery and undermines country ownership. The G20 Leaders have called on the international community to promote country platforms, owned by governments, to foster coordination among development partners and mobilize private investments. The objective of this study is to analyse the coordination exercise of the G20 Compact with Africa, a regional platform initiated under the Germany G20 Presidency in 2017, in line with its mandate to leverage private financing. In particular, we will investigate how the international community pursues common goals in the sectors of operations under the Compact with Africa and how Compact's countries structure their national development and sectoral strategies in synergy with development partners. The analysis will be triangulated through a documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews to assess how country platforms can contribute to promoting a coordinated approach among development partners in the definition of government priorities and attract private sector investments. Points for practitioners The implications of this work emphasize that country platforms can act as a vehicle to harmonize, monitor, and narrow the number of development priorities in a country. For this mechanism to be effective, country leadership and ownership should be inclusive of all development partners and in line with governments’ needs and targets.
Effect of exercise therapy on PICC-associated venous thromboembolism: A meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Aiping , Liu Xiaoqing , Li Zhaoyang , Lai Chunyan , Tan Jing 
Published: January 2023

Background Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) is widely used in clinical practice because of its long retention time and easy maintenance. However, PICC-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the most serious complication of PICC. Guidelines recommend exercise therapy to prevent PICC-associated VTE. However, inconsistent findings have been reported across the literature. This study conducted a meta-analysis to further evaluate the effect of exercise therapy on PICC-associated VTE. Methods We searched CNKI, Wanfang database, Chinese Science and Technology Journal Full Text Database, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases and included all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of exercise therapy for the prevention of PICC-associated VTE. Two investigators independently screened the literature, extracted information, and evaluated the risk of bias for eligible RCTs. Meta-analysis was conducted by RevMan5.4 software. Results Eleven RCTs were included, including 1919 patients. Meta-analysis showed that the incidence of PICC-associated VTE was lower in the exercise therapy group than in the usual care group (RR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.22–0.41, p < 0.00001).Exercise therapy increased the axillary vein maximum velocity (SMD = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.58–1.28, p < 0.00001) and the axillary vein time-mean flow velocity (SMD = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.53–1.20, p < 0.00001). Subgroup analysis showed statistically significant differences for the incidence of PICC-associated VTE for intervention times<4 weeks (RR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.17–0.40, p < 0.00001) and intervention times≥4 weeks (RR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.22–0.54, p < 0.00001). For axillary vein maximum velocity, the difference was statistically significant for both intervention time <4 weeks (SMD = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.55–0.91, p < 0.00001) and intervention time ≥4 weeks (SMD = 1.18, 95% CI: 0.18–2.19, p = 0.02). For axillary vein time-mean flow velocity, the intervention time <4 weeks (SMD = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.46–1.04, p < 0.00001), and the difference was statistically significant; while ≥4 weeks, the difference was not statistically significant (SMD = 1.14, 95% CI: −0.07 to 2.35, p = 0.06). Conclusions Exercise therapy improved venous blood flow velocity and effectively reduced the incidence of PICC-associated VTE. However, RCTs with large samples and high quality are needed to further evaluate the effectiveness of exercise therapy in PICC patients.
Finding Order in Disorder: Continuities in the 9–11 Response
Authors: Dynes Russell R. 
Published: January 2023

The events of September 11th in the United States prompted speculation about the capacity of modern societies to deal with such collective traumas. Here, comparisons are made to past situations, primarily Hamburg after intensive bombing in 1943. Such comparisons indicate immediate and persistent efforts to re-establish the continuity of social life. Such continuity is in contrast to popular images of individual and collective disorganization as well as the presumption that urban areas are especially fragile. After 9/11, effective efforts were frequently attributed to American exceptionalism. While the social sciences have a number of concepts to deal with social disorganization, there are fewer to characterize stability and adaptability. Illustrations of the importance of social capital and organizational resilience in the New York case are offered. By contrast, post 9/11 discussions have often been dominated by the recycling of disaster myths, especially the belief in widespread panic, the necessity of command and control and the assumption that “people “ are the primary problem. Many of those ideas have since become embedded in the implementation of “homeland security”.
A Study of Mass Media Reporting in Emergencies
Authors: Hiroi Osamu , Mikami Shunji , Miyata Kakuko 
Published: January 2023

This paper examines the operations of mass media in disasters, the content of messages in disaster reporting, and the distortion in reporting warnings and disasters, based on empirical studies in several communities in Japan. In the warning stage, we found that the broadcast media are the primary source of information in most cases. However, the warnings often did not reach a complete range of audience, nor could it induce an adaptive response among these recipients. As for the mass media operation during and after the disasters, we found that the difficulties in mobilizing resources, uncertainties in reliable news sources, and malfuntioning communication channels were the main obstacles in reporting damages. The main characteristics of the content of mass media reporting in disasters are described. Six types of information are found in the disaster reporting of the broadcast media: Information on (1) advice or directions, (2) disaster agent, (3) safety message, (4) damage, (5) countermeasures, and (6) restoration. The results of the content analysis of the broadcast of two stations on the day of the Nihonkai-Chuubu Earthquake shows that personal messages and damages information were the most heavily broadcast. This did not always match the information needs of the residents. The media in Japan tend to exaggerate damages in disasters, leading to the distorted perception of hazards. They also tend not to report sufficiently the news people want to get. The reasons for these inaccurate reportings are: (1) journalist's attitude to news editing and reporting, and (2) distorted images or myths among journalists. The content of newspaper reporting of a false warning was analyzed as a case study.
Preparation of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel containing chlorogenic acid microspheres and its evaluation for use in skin wound healing
Authors: Chahardoli Faezeh , Pourmoslemi Shabnam , Soleimani Asl Sara , Tamri Pari , Haddadi Rasool 
Published: January 2023

Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a phenolic compound widely found in plants. Several studies have shown that CGA possesses antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties. Because of their three-dimensional structure, good permeability, excellent biocompatibility and moisturizing properties, hydrogels are ideal candidates for wound dressing. The aim of the present study was to preparation and characterization of Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel containing CGA microspheres and evaluation its wound healing activity. The double-emulsion solvent evaporation technique was applied for preparing the CGA containing microspheres. The microspheres were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and subsequently incorporated in the structure of a PVA hydrogel. The effects of prepared hydrogel on NIH3T3 cell line viability were evaluated using MTT method and wound healing activity was investigated in full thickness wound model in rabbit. SEM images showed formation of homogenous CGA microspheres with diameters in the range of 1–2 μm, embedded in the porous structure of the hydrogel. Infra-red results indicated successful incorporation of CGA microspheres into PVA hydrogel. The NIH3T3 cell viability percentage in CGA 2.5% hydrogel treated group significantly ( p < .05) increased after 24 h and 48 h comparing to control group. In vivo studies showed that CGA hydrogel significantly ( p < .001) stimulated the rate of wounds closures. Histological studies revealed that administration of CGA hydrogel significantly increased epithelialization and production of collagen fibers compared to the control group. It can be concluded that the CGA microsphere loaded PVA hydrogel has the potential for wound healing.
“I Have a Wish”: Anti-Asian Racism and Facing Challenges Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Asian International Graduate Students
Authors: Dong Fanghong , Hwang Yeji , Hodgson Nancy A. 
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Although Asian international graduate students (AIGS) were at risk for mental health problems during the pandemic, little is known about the experience of international students during COVID-19. This study aimed to examine the experiences of AIGS who lived in the United States during COVID-19. Method: This qualitative descriptive study included 22 participants from five large universities in Philadelphia. Semi-structured interviews were conducted during September and October 2020, and a thematic analysis was used for data analyses. Results: Three themes were found: (a) “We are left alone here”: Being an international student; (b) “Stay busy” and “Do something”: Being a graduate student; and (c) “I have a wish”: Seeking for support, perceived support, and preferred counseling services as a self-advocator. Discussion: Help is needed for AIGS to navigate uncertainties, provide proper coping skills, make efforts against anti-Asian racism, and provide culturally based mental health resources.
The Innovative Use of Technological Tools (the ABCs and Ps) to Help Adult Learners Decrease Transactional Distance and Increase Learning Presence
Authors: Howell Scott L. , Johnson Michael C. , Hansen Jana C. 
Published: January 2023

One of the pedagogical benefits that emerged from the pandemic period for adult learners was that teachers, in addition to supporting institutions, were more willing to consider and introduce technological innovations to the learning experience. For 2 years, teachers and institutions had no choice. Unanticipatedly, some of these innovative strategies also engaged and empowered otherwise hesitant instructors and marginalized adult learners. This article briefly introduces categories of instructional technology tools that emerged from this period to help democratize adult learning—giving all adults opportunities to be heard, manage anxiety and introverted tendencies, to work with others, and to inform learning decisions for instructor and student alike, etc. These practices are briefly contextualized and referenced within the field using both Michael Moore’s Theory of Transactional Distance and Garrison, Anderson and Archer’s Community of Inquiry theoretical framework. The four categories of instructional technology tools featured in this article include: (1) Annotation (social) tools; (2) Backchanneling tools; (3) Collaboration tools; and (4) Polling (student response systems) tools.
Review of Dual Biologics in Specialty Pharmacy Practice
Authors: Quiroga Lauren C. , Sabourin Ashley A. 
Published: January 2023

Objective: To describe and review the published evidence on use of multiple biologics within specialty pharmacy practice. Data Sources: A search of PubMed and Embase was conducted from October 2021 through September 2022. Keywords included biologics for immune-mediated conditions along with the terms “dual,” “add-on,” and “combination.” Study Selection and Data Extraction: All human studies in the English language were considered. Published abstracts, case reports, case series, randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses were included. Data Synthesis: Although evidence is limited, there are published meta-analyses of combined biologic use within gastroenterology and rheumatology. There are also numerous case reports within dermatology. Clinical trials of dual biologics for severe rheumatologic conditions and inflammatory bowel disease are in progress. Existing evidence for use in pulmonology and allergy suggest dual biologic therapy can be safe and effective, but data are limited. Literature describing use of monoclonal antibodies for other overlapping conditions is lacking. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: This article reviews the evidence describing combination biologic use and outlines remaining knowledge gaps. It also describes the essential role that specialty pharmacists play in managing therapeutic mAbs. Conclusions: High-quality evidence describing combination biologic use is limited and long-term safety data are lacking. Pharmacists should utilize their specialized training to assess appropriateness of therapy, provide patient counseling and monitor for safety and efficacy.
A Retrospective Cohort Study of Clinical Features and Treatment Patterns With Ustekinumab in Patients With Crohn Disease Utilizing a Health Care Database in Japan
Authors: Liu Yanfang , Goh Choo Hua , Qiu Hong , Huang Kuan-Chih , Chung Hsingwen , Saadoun Carine 
Published: January 2023

Background: Biologics are used to treat moderate-to-severe Crohn disease (CD). In Japan, ustekinumab was approved for reimbursement for CD treatment in 2017. However, limited information describes utilization of ustekinumab in real-world settings. Objective: To describe treatment patterns and clinical outcomes of patients with CD treated with ustekinumab in Japan. Methods: A retrospective cohort drug utilization study was conducted using the Japan Medical Data Center employment insurance database. Patients with a diagnosis of CD who initiated treatment with ustekinumab ( International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision [ ICD-10] K50.x) from January 1, 2017, to September 30, 2020, were enrolled. Eligible patients were followed up until disenrollment or study end (September 30, 2020). Results: A total of 622 patients with CD initiated ustekinumab during the study period; 45.7% had no prior history of biologic use (bio-naive) and 54.3% had previously received ≥1 biologic (bio-experienced); 82.8% of patients received an induction dose of whom 97.5% received a dose within the recommended range (260-520 mg) and 90.8% of patients received their first maintenance dose within a 42- to 70-day interval. Median treatment duration was 14.8 months and 90.2% remained on ustekinumab at study end. Compared with the 12-month period prior to ustekinumab initiation, surgical procedures decreased by 88.0%, gastrointestinal complications by 64.6%, enteral nutrition requirements by 41.9%, and CD-related hospitalizations by 62.6% within 12 months after commencing ustekinumab. Conclusions: These first real-world data from Japan, where ustekinumab has been used longest for CD treatment, shows that a majority of patients initiated ustekinumab as per the recommended label. Indirect evidence of clinical impact could be relevant in other settings in Asia.
Can Low-Level Ionizing Radiation Do Us Any Harm?
Authors: Janiak Marek K. , Waligórski Michael P. R. 
Published: January 2023

The current system of radiological protection relies on the linear no-threshold (LNT) hypothesis of cancer risk due to humans being exposed to ionizing radiation (IR). Under this tenet, effects of low doses (i.e. of those not exceeding 100 mGy or 0.1 mGy/min. of X- or γ-rays for acute and chronic exposures, respectively) are evaluated by downward linear extrapolation from regions of higher doses and dose rates where harmful effects are actually observed. However, evidence accumulated over many years clearly indicates that exposure of humans to low doses of radiation does not cause any harm and often promotes health. In this review, we discuss results of some epidemiological analyses, clinical trials and controlled experimental animal studies. Epidemiological data indicate the presence of a threshold and departure from linearity at the lowest dose ranges. Experimental studies clearly demonstrate the qualitative difference between biological mechanisms and effects at low and at higher doses of IR. We also discuss the genesis and the likely reasons for the persistence of the LNT tenet, despite its scientific implausibility and deleterious social consequences. It is high time to replace the LNT paradigm by a scientifically based dose-effect relationship where realistic quantitative hormetic or threshold models are exploited.