bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible Genetic Algorithm for Complex Optimization Problems
Authors: Hemmak Allaoua 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this work we propose to specify, describe and test a variant of a more powerful and flexible genetic algorithm that could be better suitable to tackle complex optimization problems such as in dynamic, stochastic or robust optimization. Our main goal is to give a new strong tool more efficient in terms of both solution quality and time processing for complex NP-hard optimization problems, which know great importance these past few decades in economy, management, manufacturing and many other fields. This algorithm gives a significant improvement to the basic genetic algorithm of J. Holland in order to imitate and simulate as close as possible the naturel selection phenomenal established in the theory of C. Darwin. Thus, in the evolution process of generations, the population should not keep a fixed size, but it should evolve over the generations. In the other hand, the population should contain several breeds of the species under study. Therefore, much kind of crossovers could be applied randomly such as crossover of pure or hybrid breeds. In addition, many types of mutation would be possible such as substitution, addition or deletion which could also happen randomly in the nature. The main idea is based on the maximal projection of the evolution theory on the optimization field to tackle complex problems. We aim to design flexible genetic algorithm by looking empirically for good compromise of adjusting the genetic parameters on sample cases.
Characterization and Treatment Performance of an Atmospheric Pressure Plasma-Jet- Operated Spinning Disc Reactor for the Treatment of Rhodamine B Dye
Authors: Ganzallo Foluke Jennifer , Su Xudong , Yatom Shurik , Vasilev Mikhail , Mededovic Selma 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A spinning disc reactor is a design widely adopted in chemical process industries because of its capability to produce thin fast-moving films, which enhance the diffusive and convective transport of solutes. However, this configuration has yet to be explored for plasma-based water treatment, where mass transport limitations in the bulk liquid often limit reactor degradation efficiency. This study presents a novel plasma spinning disc reactor (PSDR) for degrading rhodamine B dye and characterizes its performance. The impact of discharge power, gas flowrate, liquid flowrate, disc rotational speed, and bulk liquid concentration on dye degradation was investigated. The results indicate that mass transport limitations within the fluid were the primary limitation to efficient degradation. Higher degradation rates were achieved primarily through changes in the plasma area, fluid velocity across the disc, and increased bulk liquid concentration, resulting in enhanced contact between the solute and the plasma. Residence time, a function of plasma area and fluid velocity, was used to describe and predict degradation rates on the PSDR using a 1-D fluid element model, which indicated that lower residence times favored dye degradation, especially for systems limited by small plasma areas.
The HIF-1/ BNIP3 pathway mediates mitophagy to inhibit the pyroptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Hong Zhongyang , Zhang Feng , Zhang Lingling 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: Synovial hypoxia is a crucial pathological characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that significantly contributes to synovitis and synovial hyperplasia. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) respond to hypoxic conditions by undergoing adaptive changes that involve the modulation of gene expression, with hypoxia inducible factors (HIF) playing a pivotal role. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the abnormal activation of FLS in response to hypoxia.
Methods: The study employed Western blot and immunohistochemistry techniques to identify the presence of mitophagy in synovial tissue affected by rheumatoid arthritis. Mitophagy was further confirmed through the use of Western blot, immunofluorescence, qPCR, and CUT&Tag assays conducted under hypoxic conditions. Pyroptosis was observed through electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and Western blot analysis. The level of ROS was assessed using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. The silencing of HIF-1α and BNIP3 was achieved through the transfection of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) into cells. Chloroquine was utilized to inhibit mitochondrial autophagy.
Results: The present study observed a significant increase in the expressions of BNIP3 and LC3B in the synovial tissue of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Following exposure to hypoxia, BNIP3-mediated mitophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis were activated in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) of RA. Furthermore, the activation of mitophagy was found to significantly inhibit hypoxia-induced pyroptosis by reducing the intracellular content of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Conclusion: In summary, BNIP3-mediated mitophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis are both involved in the activation of FLS in RA patients under hypoxia. And mitophagy could inhibits hypoxia-induced FLS pyroptosis by clearing ROS and inhibiting HIF-1α/NLRP3 pathway.
Comprehensive treatment obtained complete remission in recurrent refractory metastatic esophageal cancer
Authors: Luo Yunxiu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background To explore the efficacy and toxicity of multimodal radical radiotherapy and systematic therapy in refractory recurrent metastatic esophageal cancer.
Patient and Methods. A 57-year-old man with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) presented with supraclavicular lymph nodes and bone metastases six years after radical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy. After multiline systemic therapy, the tumor progressed with the involvement of lymph nodes in the left neck, supraclavicular, subclavian, and axillary regions, as well as the C6 vertebral bone. The patient exhibited Horner’s syndrome on the left side as well as brachial plexus nerve injury with serious pain. Adaptive intensity-modulate radiotherapy (IMRT) combined with high-dose branchy radiotherapy (BRT), and stereotactic radiotherapy (SBRT) was applied to control local foci, together with systemic treatment using target and immunotherapy as maintenance.
Results The patient showed complete remission (CR) of symptoms and signs, including the complete disappearance of the left neck metastatic lymph nodes, CR of the left upper-neck metastatic lymph nodes, and satisfactory local control of bone metastases. The progression-free survival (PFS) was more than 20 months, with CR of pulmonary metastases, satisfactory control of hepatic metastases, and PFS for lung and liver foci of over 17 months. No significant adverse events were observed, and the overall survival (OS) was more than 30 months.
Conclusions Adaptive IMRT combined with high-dose branchy implantation radiotherapy and maintenance therapy can effectively improve both local control and PFS in patients with refractory recurrent metastatic esophageal cancer.
The outcome of total hip arthroplasty without subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy and in severe developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Meybodi Mohammad Kazem Emami , Shirvani Shahram , Jannesari Morteza , Mohammadnabi Sajjad , Shater Mohammad Mahdi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a surgical technique to correct Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Various THA-based techniques have been described for the management of end-stage osteoarthritis in patients with DDH Crowe type III or IV. In this study we evaluate the Harris Hip Score (HHS) before and after THA without subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy (STO) in patients with DDH Crowe type III or IV who were candidates for THA, as well as the complications and the need for revision operation.Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted retrospectively on patients with DDH crown type III and IV, who were candidate for THA with Watson Jones technique without shortening STO. HHS was calculated and recorded in their medical files before the operation. Patients with missed or uncompleted medical files, without written informed consent, neurovascular diseases, use of immunosuppressive drugs, congenital bone and articular anomalies, low back pain with spread to the lower extremities, existence of simultaneous fractures, positive history of lower extremities fractures or articular infection were excluded. HHS was recalculated in the outpatient follow-up. Neurovascular defects and the need for reoperation were also evaluated. All data were recorded and then analyzed.Results: Thirty-two patients were enrolled with mean ± SD age of 50.34 ± 15.45 years, and most of them were women (75%). The patients were followed range 2 to 5 years. The nerve defect after the operation was seen in only 1 (3.1%) patient. Also hip reoperation was performed in 1 (3.1%) patient. The mean ± SD of HHS before the operation was 50.10 ± 12.48, which was raised to 77.99 ± 15.60 after the operation, significantly (P < 0.001). Moreover, HHS before and after the intervention were evaluated in both gender, separately, that in each gender, HHS raised significantly.Conclusion: THA without shortening osteotomy could improve HHS in patients with DDH Crowe III and IV and deliver satisfactory outcomes in these patients. On the other hand, complications such as neurological defects and the need for reoperation are negligible in this method.
Acute changes in the metabolome following resistance exercise combined with intake of different protein sources (cricket, pea, whey)
Authors: Lanng Sofie Kaas , Oxfeldt Mikkel , Johansen Frank Ted , Risikesan Jeyanthini , Hansen Mette , Bertram Hanne Christine 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Separately, both exercise and protein ingestion have been shown to alter the blood and urine metabolome. This study goes a step further and examines changes in the metabolome derived from blood, urine and muscle tissue extracts in response to resistance exercise combined with ingestion of three different protein sources.
Methods
In an acute parallel study, 52 young males performed one-legged resistance exercise (leg extension, 4 x 10 repetitions at 10 repetition maximum) followed by ingestion of either cricket (insect), pea or whey protein (0.25 g protein/kg fat free mass). Blood and muscle tissue were collected at baseline and three hours after protein ingestion. Urine was collected at baseline and four hours after protein ingestion.
Results
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics resulted in the annotation and quantification of 25 metabolites in blood, 35 in urine and 21 in muscle tissue. Changes in the muscle metabolome after combined exercise and protein intake indicated effects related to the protein source ingested. Muscle concentrations of leucine, methionine, glutamate and myo-inositol were higher after intake of whey protein compared to both cricket and pea protein. The blood metabolome revealed changes in a more ketogenic direction three hours after exercise reflecting that the trial was conducted after overnight fasting. Urinary concentration of trimethylamine N-oxide was significantly higher after ingestion of cricket than pea and whey protein.
Conclusion
The blood, urine and muscle metabolome showed different and supplementary responses to exercise and ingestion of the different protein sources, and in synergy the summarized results provided a more complete picture of the metabolic state of the body.
Neurofibromatosis type I identified in a patient with four concurrent neoplasms (neurofibroma, GIST, pheochromocytoma and ampullary NET): a case report with literature review
Authors: Hanif Sana , Khursheed Soffia , Adil Muhammad Jahangir , Khan Farhanullah 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
BACKGROUND
Neurofibromatosis type-1 (NF1) is a multi-organ and multi-systemic disorder. Diagnostic features include café au lait spots, freckling in axilla or groin, neurofibromas (cutaneous or plexiform) and first-degree relation to a NF1 person. Some people may present with unusual symptoms and tumors, thus remain underdiagnosed.
CASE PRESENTATION
We present a case of 42-year-old laborer from north of Pakistan who was diagnosed with NF1 after he underwent workup for four co-existing tumors i.e., Cutaneous neurofibroma, GIST, pheochromocytoma and ampullary duodenal NET. He presented with 2 months history of melena (4 to 5 episodes/day) & abdominal discomfort. Physical examination showed blood pressure of 160/95 mm hg, multiple cutaneous nodules (1 to 3 cm), café au lait spots and axillary freckling. Ultrasound abdomen showed a complex cystic area at the upper pole of right kidney. Differentials included Pheochromocytoma. CT scan KUB confirmed the above finding. Another small intraluminal lesion in 2nd part of the duodenum along with atrophied pancreas was also seen. Lab investigations showed mildly raise direct bilirubin & significantly raised urinary VMA levels. Biopsy of cutaneous nodules which revealed Neurofibroma on histopathology. Patient underwent exploratory laparotomy & right adrenalectomy, partial gastrectomy, cholecystectomy with partial pancreatectomy & small bowel resection up till jejunum. Adrenalectomy specimen revealed pheochromocytoma on histopathology with diffuse chromogranin positivity. Small bowel showed multiple GISTS on serosal surface which were confirmed on histopathology by diffuse positivity of CD117 and DOG 1. Sections from ampulla showed a well differentiated neuroendocrine tumor that showed ki-67 of < 2%. On follow up, patient was doing well & complains had subsided. Ultrasound abdomen only showed mild hepatic cholestasis due to post surgical edema. All lab investigations & blood pressure of patient were within normal range.
CONCLUSION
It is imperative to investigate extensively all the patients that may come with hallmarks of NF1 such as cutaneous neurofibromas. Presence of synchronous multiple tumors must be investigated for an underlying syndrome. Especially the occurrence of GIST, ampullary NET and pheochromocytoma together must alert the physician to consider the possibility of NF1.
Spatial clusters of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli causing community-onset bacteriuria due to repeat infections: cluster analysis from a large urban medical center, San Francisco, 2014-2020
Authors: Raphael Eva , Inamdar Pushkar P. , Belmont Cheyenne , Shariff-Marco Salma , Huang Alison , Chambers Henry 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Urinary tract infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-E. coli) may occur as outbreaks due to common-source exposures. Yet, it is currently unknown if they cluster geographically as would be expected as part of an outbreak.
Methods
We collected electronic health record data on all patients living in San Francisco with culture-documented community-onset E. coli bacteriuria in a safety-net public healthcare system from January 2014 to March 2020 (diagnosed < 48 hours after hospital admission or in outpatient clinical settings without a hospitalization in the past 90 days). We assessed the presence of spatial clusters of (1) ESBL-E. coli bacteriuria episodes, and (2) individuals with any ESBL-E. coli bacteriuria episode, with Global and Local Moran’s I. We evaluated differences in prevalence of bacteriuria recurrence by ESBL-production by Poisson regression.
Results
Out of 4,304 unique individuals, we identified spatial clusters of ESBL-E. coli bacteriuria episodes (n = 461) compared to non-ESBL-E. coli bacteriuria episodes (n = 5477; Global Moran’s p < 0.001). Spatial clusters of individuals with any bacteriuria caused by ESBL-E. coli were not identified (p = 0.43). Bacteriuria recurrence was more likely to occur with ESBL-E. coli (odds ratio [OR] 2.78, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 2.10, 3.66, p < 0.001), particularly after an initial ESBL-E. coli bacteriuria episode (OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.82, 2.83, p < 0.001).
Conclusion
We found spatial clusters of ESBL-E. coli bacteriuria episodes. However, this was partly explained by clustering within individuals more than between individuals, as having an ESBL-E. coli bacteriuria was associated with recurrence with ESBL-E. coli.
Effect of p-GaN Layer and High-k Material in InGaN/GaN LED for Optical Performance Enhancement
Authors: Saranya G , G Saranya , Mangai Siva , Babuji R , Kalaivani C T , Suganthi S 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The p-GaN layer adjacent to the quantum well is proposed for InGaN/GaN Light Emitting Diode (LED), it enhances the output optical power and internal quantum efficiency. The physical simulator Technology Computer-Aided Design (TCAD) is used to analyze the performance of the proposed LED. In the simulation, physics-based models are used to obtain optical properties such as luminous power and recombination rate. The suggested InGaN/GaN LED outperformed conventional LEDs in terms of internal quantum efficiency and luminous power. At the injection current of 700 mA, the output luminous power and internal quantum efficiency in the proposed LED are improved by 24% and 18%, respectively. Furthermore, the suggested InGaN/GaN LED has a smaller Auger recombination than conventional LEDs. Thus, the proposed p-GaN layer technique in GaN LED is a promising one for future solid-state lighting applications due to its high internal quantum efficiency of 90% at 100 mA injection current.
Using the improved YOLOv5 network to detect the real-time and effective position of milk and construct the milk data set
Authors: Xia Shicheng , Wang Lei , Ran Changyan , Xi Hengliu , Yang Caiyun , Yao Guiting 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In order to improve the detection speed of YOLOv5(You Only Look Once v5) in complex environments and dense target scenarios, a target detection method CN-YOLOv5(Cow Milk-You Only Look Once v5) improved YOLOv5 model is proposed. The traditional YOLOv5 network structure is improved, and the ability of the algorithm to extract features is improved by adding the SE (Squeeze and Excitation) attention module structure, and the accuracy of milk identification is improved. By improving the SPP (Spatial Pyramid Pooling) structure to SPPF (Spatial Pyramid Pooling Fast) structure, the detection speed is accelerated, and the CN-PAN (Cow Nipple Path Aggregation Network) model is proposed based on the PAN (Path Aggregation Network) module. Based on the PAN structure in the traditional YOLOv5 network, the iteration of small target detection is lightweight. Based on YOLOv5s, the milk image dataset CNmodel-YOLOV5s(Cow Milk model-You Only Look Once v5) was created. Experimental results show that the two algorithms can be tested before and after the improvement by using the milk dataset CNmodel-YOLOV5s. The improved algorithm on the test equipment increases the detection speed by up to 13% with almost no impact on accuracy. The improved YOLOV5 algorithm can identify milk targets more quickly, which provides theoretical support for subsequent detection of medium and large targets in complex environments and dense target scenarios.
A novel nomogram and risk classification system for estimating survival in tracheal cancer patients treated with surgical intervention
Authors: Wei Shi , Ning Yanhong , Xin Liu , Hang Liu , Zhao Chunjuan , Wu Liyun , Luo Shuming , Zhou Jinling 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Although surgery has been considered as the first choice treatment for patients diagnosed with tracheal cancer, the prediction of overall survival (OS) for those who undergo surgical intervention is poor. To address this issue, we developed a nomogram that combines a risk classification system to estimate OS of tracheal cancer patients who have undergone surgical intervention.
Methods
The 525 qualified patients were identified from the SEER database between 1975 and 2018 and randomly divided into training cohort(TC) and validation cohort(VC). The parameters were detemined by Cox regression analyses for predicting OS and to form nomogram and risk classification. The nomogram predictive ability was tested by calibration curves and ROC curves. Kaplan-Meier curves were drawn and compared using the log-rank test for different risk classification groups.
Results
The results indicated that age, stage, histology, and tumor size were independent prognostic factors (PFs) and were included in the predictive model. The calibration plots demonstrated that the 24- and 36-month OS rates generated by the nomograms were in good agreement with the actual observed value of the 24- and 36-month OS rates. The ROC curves suggested that the predictive model had good discrimination ability. Furthermore, in the total cohort, TC and VC, the low-risk group had a better prognosis than the high-risk group.
Conclusions
A novel nomogram system to predict OS and identify independent PFs for tracheal cancer patients who have undergone surgical intervention was established in this study. This model performance has the potential to assist doctors in making decisions about treatment options.
Bridging the Knowledge Gap: Associations between malaria infections, personally used prevention measures, and risk factors in Al Gezira State, Sudan
Authors: Salah Mohamed Ahmed , AbdElbagi Hanadi , Fathelrahman Omnia , Ahmed Abdallah Elssir , Ali Mohamed Sir Alkhatim , Ahmed Mohamed Ali , Osman Duha Isam , Ali Yousif , Abubakr Mustafa , Siddig Emmanuel Edwar , Ahmed Ayman , Mohamed Nouh Saad 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: The burden of malaria continues to disproportionately affect Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Sudan, due to various risk factors that influence malaria transmission. This study aimed at investigating the risk factors associated with malaria in three hyper-endemic areas in Al Gezira state, central Sudan. Where malaria transmission extend from January to September and get interrupted by the heavy rains during October-December.
Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was implemented between January and September 2022. Febrile patients attending to the healthcare facilities seeking medical care in randomly selected healthcare facilities in the three localities were recruited. In addition to the results of malaria diagnosis, we interviewed the participants using a well-established questionnaire to collect data about potential risk factors for malaria infection. The risk estimates with Odds Ratio of 95% Confidence Interval was used to test the association of risk factors with malaria positive cases. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between the risk factors and malaria positive cases. A p-value < 0.5 was considered a statistically significant.
Results: A total of 469 patients were enrolled, of them, 334 (71.2%) tested positive for malaria. The analysis of preventive measures and risk factors showed that wearing protective clothing (covering most of the mosquito-biting body-sites) is significantly protective against malaria, with a negative beta coefficient of -0.757 (p-value 0.003). The relationship of using insecticides and presence of trees with reduced malaria infection was found statistically significant; p-values were 0.040 and 0.035, respectively. Similarly, the presence of stagnant water was a significant risk factor for malaria, with a negative beta coefficient of -0.483 (p-value0.022).
Conclusions:
The study's outcomes highlight the importance of advocating towards using preventive measures such as wearing clothes that reduce mosquito bites, and avoid being close to potential breeding sites (bodies of stagnant water) in malaria-endemic regions.