bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Early Feeding Alterations Among Preterm Infants and Their Relationship to Early Neurobehavior
Authors: Grabill Molly , Smith Joan , Ibrahim Carolyn , Pineda Roberta 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Importance: Feeding difficulties are common among preterm infants during neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) hospitalization. Although most preterm infants achieve full oral feeding by term-equivalent age, whether feeding difficulties persist despite the infant taking full volume and whether these difficulties may relate to other neurobehavioral challenges remain unclear.
Objective: To identify the prevalence of feeding problems among preterm infants and the relationships between infant feeding behaviors and neurobehavior at term-equivalent age.
Design: Cohort study.
Setting: Level 4 NICU with 85 beds.
Participants: Thirty-nine very preterm infants born ≤32 wk gestation (range = 22–32 wk). Exclusion criteria were congenital anomalies, &gt;32 wk gestation at birth, and lack of feeding or neurobehavioral assessment at term-equivalent age.
Outcomes and Measures: Standardized feeding assessments using the Neonatal Eating Outcome Assessment and standardized neurobehavioral evaluation using the NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale.
Results: Thirty-nine infants (21 female) were included in the final analysis. The mean Neonatal Eating Outcome Assessment score was 66.6 (SD = 13.3). At term-equivalent age, 10 infants (26%) demonstrated feeding challenges, 21 (54%) demonstrated questionable feeding issues, and 8 (21%) demonstrated normal feeding performance. Lower Neonatal Eating Outcome Assessment scores (poorer feeding performance) at term-equivalent age were associated with more suboptimal reflexes (p = .04) and hypotonia (p &lt; .01).
Conclusions and Relevance: Feeding challenges and questionable feeding performance were prevalent among preterm infants at term-equivalent age and appeared in conjunction with suboptimal reflexes and hypotonia. Understanding this finding enables therapists to take a holistic approach to addressing feeding difficulties.
What This Article Adds: Elucidating the relationships between feeding performance and neurobehavior during the neonatal period allows for a better understanding of potential contributors to early feeding challenges and identifies targets for intervention.
Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran Blended Learning Pada Program Diklat Pelaut Berbasis Kebutuhan Industri
Authors: Widiatmaka Pambudi , Navy Abritia Rufiajid , Nurhidayati Indah 
Published: May 2023

Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran Semarang has one of the trainings for seafarers, ATT II training. The current education model is still considered not to provide optimal competence, so competency improvement is needed. This research was conducted by analyzing and discussing the current learning model with various parties. This study emphasizes a combination of learning after student officers have received the material face-to-face and in the laboratory. It is necessary to carry out learning using blended learning so that it is expected to improve practical competence. This research was conducted using research and development methods. The stages of the model made are factual models, theoretical models, hypothetical models, model trials, and final models. The research results on the factual model show that several aspects can still be improvised, namely in planning, organization, implementation, and monitoring (evaluation). Based on the development of existing theories, a blended learning model is compiled that can provide an innovative and valuable learning experience for students. Blended learning combined with experiential learning in the field, known as fieldwork programs, will encourage competencies and skills, especially psychomotor aspects. The trial test results show a significant difference with a sig value of 0.000, the initial group value was 79.71, and the final group was 85.10. The final model tested and validated by experts shows that blended learning can improve students' competence.
HISTOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CAFFEINATED SOFT DRINK AND ENERGY DRINK ON THE HEPATOCYTE OF THE ADULT RATS
Authors: SAIRA MUNAWAR  , MUHAMMAD SUHAIL  , GODFREY PAUL WILLIAM  
Published: May 2023

Objective/Background: Ever rising trend of consuming soft drinks and energy drinks has raised concerns about their safety. Hence, this study was designed to observe the potential adverse effects of most commonly consumed soft drink, Coca Cola (containing caffeine) and energy drink, Red Bull(caffeine and taurine) on the morphology and histology of hepatocyte of rats.
Material and Methods: 45 albino rats were divided into three equal groups, control group A and experimental groups B and C. 11ml/kg body weight of distilled water, Coca Cola and Red Bull were given to groups A, B and C respectively for 8 weeks. Later the rats were sacrificed and livers were dissected and preserved in formaline for histological examination.
Results: Hepatocytes of both experimental groups B and C were rounded and enlarged in comparison to control group with p value of <0.01. Both group B and C had swelling and ballooning of hepatocyte due to hydropic degeneration and appeared vacuolated in comparison to control group (p value <0.001). Hepatocyte of experimental groups had greater diameter in comparison to control (p value <0.001). However, the coca cola receiving experimental group had an average higher diameter in comparison to group receiving Red Bull (p value 0.01).
Conclusion: Both, caffeinated drinks (soft and energy drinks) have adversely affected morphology as well as histology of hepatocyte of adult albino rats. However, the Coca Cola group was affected more in comparison to Red Bull group probably due to its hepatoprotective constituent, taurine in addition to caffeine (which was present in both drinks), somehow reducing its toxic effect.
FEEDING PATTERNS AMONG INFANTS IN URBAN SLUM AREAS OF LAHORE
Authors: MARYAM WAHEED  , TARIQ JAVAID  , ZUMARA BASHIR  , MISS HUMA  , YASIR ALI SHAH  , IRFAN BASHIR  
Published: May 2023

Objective: The present study was designed to determine the feeding patterns and associated limitations in a cohort of 210 infants.
Design: Cross sectional study through quantitative and qualitative data during their first year of life.
Place and Duration of Study: It was conducted in Govt Kot Khawaja Saeed Teaching Hospital affiliated with King Edward Medical University. Duration of study was 1 year from 1st March 2016 to 28th February 2017.
Patients and Methods: Practices related to the feeding of milk and weaning foods of 210 infants were assessed in a defined community of Lahore; 160 Infants from outdoor (Group 1) and 50 infants from immunization clinic (Group 2).
Results: 98.5 % of mothers started breast feeding. Exclusive breast fed was only 40% among them, 38% percent infants were given supplemental bottle feeding during first month. The most common reason for starting supplemental feed was perceived “insufficiency” of breast milk (60%) and work load of mother. The mean age for weaning was 4.2 months, while 36% could not be weaned up to one year of age. Weaning was earlier in infants of poor socioeconomic class. The main reason of failure of weaning was rejection of semisolid feed by infant.
Conclusion: The exclusive breastfeeding was observed in a small proportion of infants. In most cases, weaning was inappropriate and delayed. There is a great need to educate the mothers for early and exclusive breastfeeding for their infants and the use of proper weaning techniques.
NON-OBSTETRICAL VAGINAL TRAUMA: CAUSES AND COMPLICATIONS
Authors: MAIMOONA ASHRAF  , NAZIA TAHIR  , HAFSA  
Published: May 2023

Non-Obstetrical vaginal trauma in a common occurrence but is under reported. It is commonly related to coital trauma but may also be a consequence of direct penetrating trauma. automobile accident and post menopausal atrophy. All these injuries may range from minor vaginal laceration to life threatening hemorrhage. The peculiar thing about these injuries is marked delay in seeking professional help as a patient perceives it as a social stigma. History may be miss- leading, with resistance in examination .under estimation of blood loss leading to erroneous diagnosis and hence delayed prompt treatment.
Objective; Our study intends to the report the relative contribution of various causes leading to non-Obstetrical vaginal trauma with its resultant morbidity and mortality amongst patient managed in its tertiary care hospital and two private hospital during the study period.
Material & Methods: It was descriptive study from 1st July 2015 to 30 June 2016 at Lahore general hospital which is a teaching hospital attached to Ameer ud din medical collage and post graduate medical institute. Researchers also included cases managed in two private hospitals. All cases with suspicion of sexual assault and medicoligal involvement were excluded. These patients underwent examination under anesthesia for exact anatomical location of injury, any collateral damage and primary definite surgical repair along with blood transfusion. They were advised to come for follow up six weeks latter.
Results: Collectively 40 patients of non-Obstetrical vaginal trauma were managed as emergency cases majority 34 cases (85 %) were due to coital trauma and six cases (15%) due to non-coital trauma, commonest mode of presentation was vaginal bleed with varying degree of shock 28 cases (70 %), bilateral valval hematoma four cases (10 %), fecal incontinence from 4th degree perinea tear two cases (05%), urinary incontinence one case (2.5 %) and urinary retention one case (2.5 %). Blood transfusions were required in 37 causes ranging from 02 to 12 units of blood. Transfusion reaction developed in four cases (10.8 %), sepsis in two cases (5.4 %), acute renal failure necessitating dialysis in one case (2.7 %). One patient died of hemorrhagic shocked. Only 11 cases reported for follow up visit, 06 had depression, 03 deep dysparenia and two vaginismus. Rest were lost to follow up.
Conclusion: Our study concluded that the most common cause of non-obstetrical vaginal trauma is coital injury sustained at consummation of marriage. Although majority recovered well yet its prevention poses a great challenge to the gynecologist community.
Fostemsavir (Rukobia)
Authors: CADTH  
Published: May 2023

CADTH recommends that Rukobia be reimbursed by public drug plans for the treatment of HIV type 1 (HIV-1) infection in heavily treatment-experienced adults with multidrug-resistant (MDR) HIV-1 infection for whom it is otherwise not possible to construct a suppressive antiviral regimen due to resistance, intolerance, or safety considerations if certain conditions are met.
Rukobia should be covered for patients living with HIV-1 whose disease does not respond to the majority of antiretroviral therapies (ARVs) available (ARVs in at least 3 classes) because the available ARVs no longer work, for those who cannot tolerate side effects, or for those who have other safety concerns. In addition, patients should have 1 fully active available drug left in no more than 2 ARV classes based on current and/or documented historical resistant testing. Lastly, Rukobia should be covered for patients who have a viral load that suggests poor control of their infection (≥ 400 copies/mL of HIV-1 ribonucleic acid [RNA]).
Rukobia should only be reimbursed if it is initially prescribed by, or in conjunction with, a physician who specializes in the management of HIV-1 infection and if the cost of Rukobia is reduced. Reimbursement of Rukobia should be discontinued if the patient’s viral load is not improving, as this suggests that treatment is not working.
ANALISIS PERSEPSI PETANI TERHADAP USAHA PELAYANAN JASA ALSINTAN (UPJA) DI UPJA TIRTOSARI, GUNUNGKIDUL, D.I. YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Irwanto Irwanto 
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat persepsi petani terhadap Usaha Pelayanan Jasa Alsintan (UPJA) dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi persepsi petani terhadap UPJA. Penelitian dilakukan dengan teknik survey, analisis deskriptif dan statistik inferensial. Lokasi penelitian ditentukan secara purposive yaitu Kabupaten Gunungkidul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Sampel UPJA ditentukan secara purposive yaitu UPJA Tirtosari. Sampel petani ditentukan secara purposive yaitu petani pelanggan UPJA sebanyak 30 responden. Analisis tingkat persepsi petani terhadap UPJA secara statitik deskripstif kuantitatif menggunakan skala Likert dengan skor 1 - 5, dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi persepsi petani menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda dengan metode Ordinary Least Square (OLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persepsi petani terhadap UPJA dengan nilai skor 4.31 dalam kategori sangat baik. Faktor-faktor pembentuk persepsi yaitu lama pendidikan formal, umur, pengalaman bertani, luas lahan, akses informasi, peran penyuluh dan peran kelompok tani secara simultan mempengaruhi persepsi petani terhadap UPJA secara signifikan. Faktor peran kelompok tani mempengarui persepsi petani terhadap UPJA secara sangat signifikan.
Inferring the vertical distribution of CO and CO2 from TCCON total column values using the TARDISS algorithm
Authors: Parker Harrison A. , Laughner Joshua L. , Toon Geoffrey C. , Wunch Debra , Roehl Coleen M. , Iraci Laura T. , Podolske James R. , McKain Kathryn , Baier Bianca C. , Wennberg Paul O. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract. We describe an approach for determining limited information about the vertical distribution of carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide
(CO2) from total column ground-based Total Carbon Column Observation Network (TCCON) observations. For CO and CO2, it has been difficult to retrieve information
about their vertical distribution from spectral line shapes because of the errors in the spectroscopy and the atmospheric temperature profile that
mask the effects of variations in their mixing ratio with altitude. For CO2 the challenge is especially difficult given that these
variations are typically 2 % or less. Nevertheless, if sufficient accuracy can be obtained, such information would be highly valuable for
evaluation of retrievals from satellites and more generally for improving the estimate of surface sources and sinks of these trace gases. We present here the Temporal Atmospheric Retrieval Determining Information from Secondary Scaling (TARDISS) retrieval algorithm. TARDISS uses
several simultaneously obtained total column observations of the same gas from different absorption bands with distinctly different vertical
averaging kernels. The different total column retrievals are combined in TARDISS using a Bayesian approach where the weights and temporal covariance
applied to the different retrievals include additional constraints on the diurnal variation in the vertical distribution for these gases. We assume
that the near-surface part of the column varies rapidly over the course of a day (from surface sources and sinks, for example) and that the upper part of
the column has a larger temporal covariance over the course of a day. Using measurements from the five North American TCCON sites, we find that the retrieved lower partial column (between the surface and
∼ 800 hPa) of the CO and CO2 dry mole fractions (DMFs) have slopes of 0.999 ± 0.002 and 1.001 ± 0.003 with
respect to lower column DMF from integrated in situ data measured directly from aircraft and in AirCores. The average error for our lower column
CO retrieval is 1.51 ppb (∼ 2 %) while the average error for our CO2 retrieval is 5.09 ppm
(∼ 1.25 %). Compared with classical line-shape-derived vertical profile retrievals, our algorithm reduces the influence of forward model
errors such as imprecision in spectroscopy (line shapes and intensities) and in the instrument line shape. In addition, because TARDISS uses the
existing retrieved column abundances from TCCON (which themselves are computationally much less intensive than profile retrieval algorithms), it is
very fast and processes years of data in minutes. We anticipate that this approach will find broad application for use in carbon cycle science.
An automated online field instrument to quantify the oxidative potential of aerosol particles via ascorbic acid oxidation
Authors: Utinger Battist , Campbell Steven John , Bukowiecki Nicolas , Barth Alexandre , Gfeller Benjamin , Freshwater Ray , Rüegg Hans-Rudolf , Kalberer Markus 
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Large-scale epidemiological studies have consistently
shown that exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) is responsible for a
variety of adverse health effects. However, the specific physical and
chemical properties of particles that are responsible for the observed health
effects, as well as the underlying mechanisms of particle toxicity upon
exposure, remain largely uncertain. Studies have widely suggested that the
oxidative potential (OP) of aerosol particles is a key metric to quantify
particle toxicity. OP is defined as the ability of aerosol particle
components to produce reactive oxidative species (ROSs) and deplete
antioxidants in vivo. Traditional methods for measuring OP using acellular
assays largely rely on analyzing PM collected in filters offline. This is
labor intensive and involves a substantial time delay between particle
collection and OP analysis. It therefore likely underestimates particle OP
because many reactive chemical components which contribute to OP are
short-lived and therefore degrade prior to offline analysis. Thus, new
techniques are required to provide a robust and rapid quantification of
particle OP, capturing the chemistry of oxidizing and short-lived, highly
reactive aerosol components and their concentration dynamics in the
atmosphere. To address these measurement shortcomings, we developed a
portable online instrument that directly samples particles into an ascorbic
acid-based assay under physiologically relevant conditions of pH 6.8 and 37 ∘C, providing continuous, accurate OP measurements with a high
time resolution (5 min). The instrument runs autonomously for up to 3 d and has a detection limit of about 5 µg m−3 in an urban environment, which allows the characterization of particle OP even in low-pollution areas.
Implementasi Metode Key Performance Indicator (KPI) dalam Pengukuran Kinerja Receptionist Di Amadea Resort & Villa Seminyak
Authors: Purwahita AAA Ribeka Martha Purwahita , I Ketut Saskara  , Ni Ketut Sutrisnawati  
Published: May 2023

Metode Key Performance digunakan dalam mengukur kinerja karyawan dan mengimplementasikan bagi receptionist di Amadea Resort & Villas Seminyak. Hasil keseluruhan pengukuran kinerja receptionist di Amadea Resort & Villas Seminyak didasarkan pada kriteria penilaian dengan metode yang disebut key performance indicator untuk mengukur kinerja secara keseluruhan, dilaksanakan sesuai dengan standar yang telah ditetapkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif, diantaranya observasi, wawancara dan penelaahan dokumen pada receptionist di Amadea Resort & Villas Seminyak. Penentuan responden menggunakan metode total sampling. Adapun yang menjadi kriteria penilaian KPI (Key Performance Indicator) di Amadea Resort & Villas Seminyak adalah excellent Service, Upselling Revenue, Guest Recommendation, Training, Perfect Grooming dan Perfect Attendant
Kata Kunci : metode key performance indicator, pengukuran kinerja, receptionist
Cauchy Residue Theorem’s Application in Improper integrals
Authors: Tan Ziqian 
Published: May 2023

Definite integrals are an essential tool for understanding and calculating many aspects of the natural world. An improper integral, one type of definite integral, has either an infinite interval or an integrand that is not defined at one or more points within the interval of integration. In this research, improper integrals are the main concepts that will be discussed. The function can be expressed in terms of its Laurent series expansion–a general form or representation for analytic functions that includes both negative and positive power series of (z – singularity)–about each of its isolated singularities within the contour. And then, finding the singularities that are inside the contour based on the contour function. Calculating the residue of the singularities. Then, substituting the residue with the calculated value, adding all the residue together. Lastly, the result multiplies by, which is the result, namely the integral of the original functions. With the help of the other two methods, Keyhole Contour, and principal values, it is possible to evaluate the integrals and determine the domain of the function. Keyhole Contour separates the function’s domain and evaluates real integrals. And principal values can be used for determining the specific range of the function, so a single value can be chosen.
Urgent Care Versus Emergency Department Utilization for Foot and Ankle Fractures
Authors: Dhodapkar Meera M. , Gouzoulis Michael J. , Halperin Scott J. , Modrak Maxwell , Yoo Brad J. , Grauer Jonathan N. 
Published: May 2023

Introduction:
Foot and ankle fractures are common injuries for which patients may need urgent evaluation and care. Many such injuries are managed in emergency departments (EDs), but urgent care facilities may sometimes be an appropriate setting. Understanding which foot and ankle fractures are managed at which facility might help define care algorithms, improve patient experience, and suggest directions for containing costs.

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study used the 2010 to 2020 M151 PearlDiver administrative database. Adult patients less than 65 years old presenting to EDs and urgent care facilities for foot and ankle fractures were identified using ICD-9 and ICD-10 diagnosis codes, excluding polytrauma, and Medicare patients. Patient/injury variables associated with urgent care utilization relative to ED utilization and utilization trends of urgent care relative to ED were assessed with univariable and multivariable analyses.

Results:
From 2010 to 2020, 1,120,422 patients with isolated foot and ankle fractures presented to EDs and urgent care facilities. Urgent care visits evolved from 2.2% in 2010 to 4.4% in 2020 (P , 0.0001). Independent predictors of urgent care relative to ED utilization were defined. In decreasing odds ratios (ORs), these were insurance (relative to Medicaid, commercial OR 8.03), geographic region (relative to Midwest, Northeast OR 3.55, South OR 1.74, West OR 1.06), anatomic location of fracture (relative to ankle, forefoot OR 3.45, midfoot 2.20, hindfoot 1.63), closed fracture (OR 2.20), female sex (OR 1.29), lower ECI (OR 1.11 per unit decrease), and younger age (OR 1.08 per decade decrease) (P , 0.0001 for all).

Discussion:
A small but increasing minority of patients with foot and ankle fractures are managed in urgent care facilities relative to EDs. While patients with certain injury types were associated with increased odds of urgent care relative to ED utilization, the greatest predictors were nonclinical, such as geographic regions and insurance type, suggesting areas for optimizing access to certain care pathways.

Level of Evidence:
III