bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of ocean acidification on the early life history processes of the breadcrumb sponge Halichondria panicea
Authors: Rickborn Alissa J. , Glidden Caroline K. , Menge Bruce A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOcean acidification (OA) is predicted to result in reduced survival, growth, reproduction, and overall biodiversity of marine invertebrates, and yet we lack information about the response to OA of some major groups of marine organisms. In particular, we know relatively little about how OA will impact temperate sponges, which will experience more extreme low pH conditions than tropical species. In this study, we quantified OA‐induced changes in early life history patterns (larval mortality and condition, settlement rate, recruit survival, and size) in the non‐calcifying breadcrumb sponge Halichondria panicea collected from a temperate intertidal site in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem. Sponge larvae were exposed to OA conditions for 15 days, and early life history patterns were observed. Compared with baseline (“present”) conditions, larval mortality and settlement rates increased in the acidified treatment (“future”). This effect was restricted to larval stages; treatment had no effect on the growth and survival of recruits. This study is significant in that it shows that H. panicea may be particularly vulnerable to changes in ocean pH during the larval stage, which could ultimately reduce total sponge abundance by diminishing the number of larvae that survive to settlement.
Whose problem is it anyway? Confronting myths of ‘problems’ in health professions education
Authors: Thomas Aliki , Ellaway Rachel H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe growing interest in knowledge translation and implementation science, both in clinical practice and in health professions education (HPE), is reflected in the number of studies that have sought to address what are believed to be evidence‐practice gaps. Though this effort may be intended to ensure practice improvements are better aligned with research evidence, there is a common assumption that the problems researchers explore and the answers they generate are meaningful and applicable to practitioner needs.MethodsThis Mythology paper considers the nature of problems from HPE as the focus of HPE research and the ways in which they may or may not be aligned. The authors argue that, in an applied field such as HPE, it is vital that researchers better understand how their research problems relate to practitioner needs and what the limitations on evidence uptake might be. Not only can this establish clearer paths between evidence and action, but it also requires a rethink of much of knowledge translation and implementation science thinking and practice.ResultsThe authors explore five myths: whether everything in HPE is a problem; whether practitioner needs involve problem solving; whether practitioner problems are resolvable with sufficient evidence; whether researchers effectively target practitioner problems; and whether studies that focus on solving practitioner problems make significant contributions to the literature.ConclusionsTo advance the conversation on the connections between problems and HPE research, the authors propose ways in which knowledge translation and implementation science might be approached differently.
Mapping guideline‐informed care for chronic non‐specific low back pain with the biopsychosocial approach: A rapid review
Authors: Leach Matthew J. , Climstein Mike , Fryer Gary , Kumar Saravana , Agnew Tamara 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundCurrent evidence favors a multidisciplinary biopsychosocial approach to the management of chronic non‐specific low back pain (CLBP). However, it is unclear whether such an approach is facilitated by current clinical guidelines. This rapid review set out to examine the extent to which clinical guideline recommendations for managing CLBP address domains of the biopsychosocial approach.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the gray literature were searched for any clinical guidelines targeting the management of CLBP, published within the last 6 years. Title/abstract and full‐text screening were undertaken by two reviewers using the accelerated approach. Data extraction and critical appraisal were completed by two reviewers, independently. Extracted data were synthesized in narrative form.ResultsFifteen guidelines met the review inclusion criteria. One‐half of the guidelines were considered to be of medium quality. All guidelines provided management recommendations addressing the biological domain of the biopsychosocial approach; 13 (87%) guidelines reported recommendations addressing the psychological domain, and 8 (53%) guidelines presented recommendations addressing the social domain. Only 53% (8/15) of guidelines reported recommendations addressing all three domains of the biopsychosocial approach. Guideline recommendations both across and within the biopsychosocial domains were varied and inconsistent.ConclusionsThe CLBP clinical guidelines included in this review provided detailed guidance on the biological domain, yet limited attention and detail were afforded to the psychological and social domains. Several recommendations are presented on how to improve the quality of future CLBP guidelines, and to help foster the provision of a biopsychosocial approach to CLBP management.
The effect of shift in physiological and anatomical traits on light use efficiency under cotton domestication
Authors: Lei Zhangying , Han Jimei , Chen Yunrui , Zhang Wangfeng , Cai Xiaoyan , Liu Fang , Zhang Yali 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe effect of crop domestication on photosynthetic productivity has been well‐studied, but at present, none examines its impacts on leaf anatomy and, consequently, light use efficiency in cotton. We investigated leaf and vein anatomy traits, light use efficiency (LUE) and gas exchange in 26 wild and 30 domesticated genotypes of cotton grown under field conditions. The results showed that domestication resulted in a higher photosynthetic rate, higher stomatal conductance, and lower lamina mass per area. Higher LUE was underpinned by the thicker leaves, greater vein volume, elongated palisade and higher chlorophyll content, although there was no difference in the apparent quantum yield. The lower vein mass per area in domesticated genotypes contributed to the reduction of lamina mass per area, but there was no decrease in vein length per area. Our study suggests that domestication has triggered a considerable shift in physiological and anatomical traits to support the increase in LUE.
Integrated bioinformatic and physiological analyses reveal the pivotal role of hydrogen sulfide in enhancing low‐temperature tolerance in alfalfa
Authors: Gao Shuanghong , Wang Yifan , Zeng Zhen , Zhang Menglei , Yi Na , Liu Bowen , Wang Ruijia , Long Si , Gong Jiongjiong , Liu Tieyuan , Xu Yuefei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important gaseous signal molecule that regulates plant growth and stress resistance. However, research on the H2S synthase (HSase) genes is still limited in the model legume plant Medicago truncatula Gaertn. In the present study, a total of 40 HSase family members were first identified and analyzed in the M. truncatula genome, and these genes distributed across eight chromosomes and were clustered into five groups (I–V) based on their conserved gene structures and protein motifs. Expression analysis revealed that the MtHSase genes were expressed in all the tested abiotic stresses, albeit with expression level differences. This study also showed that H2S improves low temperature tolerance of alfalfa seedlings by regulating the antioxidant defense system and enhancing photosynthetic capacity. Thus, the study provides new insights into how the H2S signal regulates tolerance to low‐temperature stress and provides the basis for further gene function and detection.
Effectiveness of dental implants in patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck cancer: An umbrella review
Authors: Zarzar Adriana Machado , Sales Pedro Henrique da Hora , Barros Ana Waleska Pessoa , Arreguy Ingrid Melo Schuler , Carvalho Alessandra Albuquerque Tavares , Leão Jair Carneiro 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this overview is to evaluate the effectiveness of dental implants placed in patients who underwent radiotherapy for the treatment of head and neck cancer, as well as to assess the methodological quality of the included systematic reviews.MethodsThe study was conducted in four PubMed, Lilacs, Dare Cochrane and Google Scholar databases until July 2022, using the descriptors “Radiotherapy,” “Dental implants,” and “Head and Neck Cancer.” Results: 958 studies were found in the initial search and after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, fifteen systematic reviews were selected to compose this overview and had their methodological quality evaluated by the AMSTAR 2 tool.Results24,996 implants in 5487 patients were evaluated with a rate of success rate of 86.2% in patients who underwent radiotherapy and 95.2% in patients who did not undergo radiotherapy. Only one of the systematic reviews was of high quality according to AMSTAR 2.ConclusionOral rehabilitation with dental implants in patients with a history of head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy is a valid therapy. However, given the level of evidence found, further studies with better design are necessary to provide greater confidence in the clinical decision.
Critical approaches to private education in the Global South
Authors: Inglis Patrick 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article highlights the key themes that animate the critical discourse on private education initiatives targeting poor children in the Global South. Scholars in the field remain skeptical that public‐private partnerships, low‐fee private schools, and various subsidy and voucher programs are best suited to addressing the underlying issues of equity and quality that plague public education systems in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Most, however, tend to adopt one of two different, though complementary, lines of analysis in drawing attention to the issue. Some scholars, for instance, use empirical evidence to show how low‐fee private schools fall short of delivering on promises to address the needs of all children and enhancing basic literacy and numeracy scores in comparison to public schools. Other scholars, however, map networks of people and money to reveal how private education in the Global South is guided by power and profit. The paper outlines the moral and analytic interests that guide these two approaches to the challenge private education presents, while also making the case for an additional mode of analysis that would test the democratic and social justice claims that feature in mission statements of larger foundations and institutions set in vulnerable societies.
Recent advances in the role of Yes‐associated protein in dermatosis
Authors: Jia Xiaorong , He Li , Yang Zhi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundDermatosis is a general term for diseases of the skin and skin appendages including scleroderma, psoriasis, bullous disease, atopic dermatitis, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. These diseases affect millions of individuals globally and are a serious public health concern. However, the pathogenesis of skin diseases is not fully understood, and treatments are not optimal. Yes‐associated protein (YAP) is a transcriptional coactivator that plays a role in the regulation of gene transcription and signal transduction.AimsTo study the role of Yes‐associated protein in skin diseases.Materials and MethodsThe present review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the role of YAP in skin diseases, current treatments that target YAP, and potential avenues for novel therapies.ResultsAbnormal YAP expression has been implicated in occurrence and development of dermatosis. YAP regulates the cell homeostasis, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, angiopoiesis, and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition, among other processes. As well as, it serves as a potential target in many biological processes for treating dermatosis.ConclusionsThe effects of YAP on the skin are complex and require multidimensional investigational approaches. YAP functions as an oncoprotein that can promote the occurrence and development of cancer, but there is currently limited information on the therapeutic potential of YAP inhibition for cancer treatment. Additional studies are also needed to clarify the role of YAP in the development and maturation of dermal fibroblasts; skin barrier function, homeostasis, aging, and melanin production; and dermatosis.
Building reflective spaces for junior doctors to promote ethical, legal and professional learning relating to clinical practice
Authors: Machin Laura L. , Baker Paul 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundConcerns have been raised surrounding the training of Foundation Doctors on the ethical, legal and professionalism (ELP) aspects of clinical practice, leading to some to claim a degree of educational neglect. Foundation Doctors are junior doctors in the United Kingdom within the first 2 years of their medical career since graduating from medical school.ApproachLancaster University and Health Education England North West (HEE NW) introduced a series of training materials specially created to meet the ELP training needs of Foundation Doctors, which were piloted by Foundation Schools.EvaluationThe training was delivered to Foundation Doctors in first and second year of their training either online or in person. The facilitators were clinical senior doctors and did not have an academic qualification in ELP. Some large Foundation Schools used two training packs to provide an optional ELP day for their Foundation Doctors, while individual hospitals within a Foundation School used the training packs to provide training as part of their mandatory weekly training for Foundation Doctors. Feedback was gathered from Foundation Doctors and training facilitators when a training pack was piloted.ImplicationsFoundation Doctors were able to make links between the messages delivered in the training to their own clinical practice. Foundation Schools have incorporated the training packs into the 2‐year Foundation Programme, which creates the possibility for ELP training to become standardised across Foundation Schools.
Media coverage and speculation about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide: a content analysis of UK news
Authors: Marzano Lisa , Hawley Monica , Fraser Lorna , Lainez Yasmine , Marsh James , Hawton Keith 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesSince the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been much concern and speculation about rises in suicide rates, despite evidence that suicides did not in fact increase in the first year of the pandemic in most countries with real-time suicide data. This public narrative is potentially harmful, as well as misleading, and is likely to be perpetuated by sensational news coverage.MethodUsing a bespoke database, we analysed the quality and content of print and online UK news (including opinion pieces) on the impact of COVID-19 on suicidality, based on adherence to international recommendations. χ2tests were conducted to examine variability in relation to key characteristics (eg, type of publication) and to four ‘restriction phases’ (based on UK government official lockdown measures) over the first 14 months of the pandemic.ResultsWe identified 372 stories about COVID-19 and suicidality in online and print news between the first UK lockdown (March 2020) and May 2021 (when restrictions were significantly eased in the UK). Throughout this period, over a third of articles (39.2%) and headlines (41.4%) claimed or predicted a rise in suicide, often attributed to feelings of entrapment and poor mental health (especially among young people) and fueled by expert commentary and speculation. Almost a third of reports were rated as being of negative quality (116, 31.2%), and at least half included no signposting to help and support. However, reporting improved in phases of less stringent COVID-19 restrictions and over time, with later articles and headlines including fewer negative statements and predictions about rises in suicides, and greater reliance on academic evidence.ConclusionsAs the longer-term consequences of the pandemic develop, and other national and global events unfold, it is increasingly important that the media, and the wider community of experts shaping its narratives, strive for a positive and evidence-informed approach to news coverage of suicide.
Exploring the similarities and differences of variables collected by burn registers globally: protocol for a data dictionary review study
Authors: Bebbington Emily , Miles Joanna , Peck Michael , Singer Yvonne , Dunn Ken , Young Amber 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionBurn registers can provide high-quality clinical data that can be used for surveillance, research, planning service provision and clinical quality assessment. Many countrywide and intercountry burn registers now exist. The variables collected by burn registers are not standardised internationally. Few international burn register data comparisons are completed beyond basic morbidity and mortality statistics. Data comparisons across registers require analysis of homogenous variables. Little work has been done to understand whether burn registers have sufficiently similar variables to enable useful comparisons. The aim of this project is to compare the variables collected in countrywide and intercountry burn registers internationally to understand their similarities and differences.Methods and analysisBurn register custodians will be invited to participate in the study and to share their register data dictionaries. Study objectives are to compare patient inclusion and exclusion criteria of each participating burn register; determine which variables are collected by each register, and if variables are required or optional, identify common variable themes; and compare a sample of variables to understand how they are defined and measured. All variable names will be extracted from each register and common themes will be identified. Detailed information will be extracted for a sample of variables to give a deeper insight into similarities and differences between registers.Ethics and disseminationNo patient data will be used in this project. Permission to use each register’s data dictionary will be sought from respective register custodians. Results will be presented at international meetings and published in open access journals. These results will be of interest to register custodians and researchers wishing to explore international data comparisons, and countries wishing to establish their own burn register.
Determinants of information needs in patients with coronary artery disease receiving cardiac rehabilitation: a prospective observational study
Authors: Tenbult Nicole , Asten Isabelle van , Traa Simone , Brouwers Rutger W M , Spee Ruud F , Lu Yuan , Brini Alberto , Kop Willem , Kemps Hareld 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesKnowledge on information needs in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) patients is scarce. This study investigates determinants of information needs in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).DesignProspective observational study.ParticipantsA total of 259 patients participated.SettingCR centre serving a general hospital in The Netherlands.MethodsPatients with a coronary event and/or revascularisation referred for CR completed questionnaires assessing their level of information needs with respect to nutrition, physical activity, smoking, medication use and psychological well-being, and potential determinants of information needs (sociodemographic characteristics, health literacy, illness perceptions, anxiety, depression, Type D personality and quality of life).ResultsThe majority (63%) of patients indicated a need for information on at least one of the four topics (nutrition, physical activity, medication use, psychological well-being), with considerable inter-individual variation. Female sex, being employed, higher socioeconomic status, higher levels of anxiety and higher illness perception were associated with higher information needs on specific topics.ConclusionsThe majority of CR patients with CAD have a need for information, with considerable inter-individual variability. Several demographic, socioeconomic and psychosocial characteristics were related to their preference for information topics. These results underline the need for personalised information strategies in patients undergoing CR.
Lung transplantation for interstitial lung disease: evolution over three decades
Authors: Leong Swee W , Bos Saskia , Lordan James L , Nair Arun , Fisher Andrew J , Meachery Gerard 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundInterstitial lung disease (ILD) has emerged as the most common indication for lung transplantation globally. However, post-transplant survival varies depending on the underlying disease phenotype and comorbidities. This study aimed to describe the demographics, disease classification, outcomes and factors associated with post-transplant survival in a large single-centre cohort.MethodsData were retrospectively assessed for 284 recipients who underwent lung transplantation for ILD in our centre between 1987 and 2020. Patient characteristics and outcomes were stratified by three eras: 1987–2000, 2001–2010 and 2011–2020.ResultsMedian patients’ age at time of transplantation was significantly higher in the most recent decade (56 (51–61) years, p<0.0001). Recipients aged over 50 years had worse overall survival compared with younger patients (adjusted HR, aHR 2.36, 95% CI 1.55 to 3.72, p=0.0001). Better survival was seen with bilateral versus single lung transplantation in patients younger than 50 years (log-rank p=0.0195). However, this survival benefit was no longer present in patients aged over 50 years. Reduced survival was observed in fibrotic non-specific interstitial pneumonia compared with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, which remained the most common indication throughout (aHR 2.61, 95% CI 1.40 to 4.60, p=0.0015).ConclusionIn patients transplanted for end-stage ILD, older age and fibrotic non-specific interstitial pneumonia were associated with poorer post-transplant survival. The benefit of bilateral over single lung transplantation diminished with increasing age, suggesting that single lung transplantation might still be a feasible option in older candidates.