bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mediating Roles of Stress, Anxiety, and Depression in the Relationship between Constipation and Sleep Quality among the Elderly: Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)
Authors: Papi Shahab , Barmala Azin , Amiri Zeynab , Vakili-Basir Ahmad , Cheraghi Maria , Nejadsadeghi Elham 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction Sleep quality is an important health index in the elderly. As age increases, changes occur in sleep quality leading to sleep disorders and recurrent complaints. Sleep quality management of the elderly requires identification of its determinants. The present study aimed to determine the mediating roles of stress, anxiety, and depression in the relationship between constipation and sleep quality among the elderly using structural equation modeling (SEM).
Materials and Methods A correlational design was used in the present study through structural equation modeling. In this work, 363 elderlies were examined by multi-stage random sampling. Data collection tools included four questionnaires, namely a demographic information questionnaire, the constipation questionnaire (ROME III), the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-short form, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), which were completed by interview and the self-report method. The SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 22.0, and SPSS AMOS (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) were used to analyze the data.
Results The results indicated that the proposed model had an acceptable fit (p < 0.000, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.062, comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.83, goodness-of-fit index [GFI] = 0.87, and Χ2/df = 1.94). The fitted model could explain 60% of the sleep quality variance. According to the proposed model, constipation could significantly predict sleep quality due to the mediation of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05).
Conclusion The constructs of this model (constipation, stress, anxiety, and depression) can be used as a reference framework to design effective interventions and improve sleep quality in old people.
Beliefs about Healthy Sleep Habits in Adults with Diabetes Compared to Adults without Diabetes: A Reasoned Action Approach Elicitation Study
Authors: Vézina-Im Lydi-Anne , Morin Charles M. , Lapointe Annie , Desroches Sophie 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objective Sleep is part of a healthy lifestyle and in adults with diabetes, inadequate sleep is associated with risks of developing complications. The objective was to compare beliefs about healthy sleep habits (HSHs) in adults with versus without diabetes based on the Reasoned Action Approach.
Methods A total of 56 adults with and 98 without diabetes answered open-ended questions regarding their beliefs about: avoiding screen use in bed; having a regular sleep schedule; or avoiding caffeine, alcohol, and cigarettes before bedtime. A qualitative content analysis was used to identify the most important beliefs, similarities, and differences between both groups.
Results Both groups reported that adopting HSHs could improve sleep. Having a regular sleep schedule was perceived to facilitate diabetes management in adults with diabetes. Negative consequences specific to adopting each HSH were identified in both groups. Adopting HSHs was associated with mainly negative emotions (e.g., stress, anxiety, fear) in both groups. Avoiding screen use in bed was associated with anxiety of not knowing blood glucose levels at night in adults with diabetes. Partners, parents, and friends were considered the most important individuals who would approve of adopting HSHs, but they were often perceived as unlikely to adopt HSHs themselves in both groups. Adults with diabetes perceived more barriers to adopting HSHs. Facilitating factors for both groups included removing triggers of unhealthy sleep habits, behavior substitution, using reminders, time management, and social support.
Discussion These beliefs can guide the development of behavioral sleep interventions, including interventions specifically for adults with diabetes.
Taking Heart: Cardiac Symptoms and Nightmares Differentiate Nightmare Proneness and Psychological Distress among Young Adults
Authors: Kelly William E. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction Nightmare proneness, a trait-like disposition to experience frequent nightmares, has been strongly related to psychological distress. The aim of the present study was to examine if cardiac symptoms and hypothetically-related variables, nightmares, and perceived physical health could be used to differentiate nightmare proneness and psychological distress.
Materials and Methods In the present cross-sectional study, 254 young adults completed measures of nightmare proneness, psychological distress, cardiac symptoms, nonspecific and posttraumatic nightmares, nightmare distress, health behaviors, perceptions of physical health, perceived stress, Type-D personality, sleep fragmentation, and dream recall.
Results After controlling for psychological distress, nightmare proneness remained significantly correlated with nightmares, nightmare distress, cardiac symptoms, sleep fragmentation, physical health, perceived stress, and Type-D personality. After controlling for nightmare proneness, distress remained correlated with perceived stress and Type-D personality. Regression analyses indicated that after accounting for all variables, nightmare distress, physical health, and nightmare proneness predicted cardiac symptoms. Posttraumatic nightmares, sleep fragmentation, distress, perceived stress, Type-D personality, and chest pain predicted nightmare proneness.
Conclusion Nightmare proneness and psychological distress can be considered separate constructs. The findings were consistent with those of previous research and supported the theoretical propositions that nightmare proneness includes hyperarousal, vulnerability to stressors, and concretization, a mental process in which vague internal states are made more concrete.
Platelet-Released Extracellular Vesicle Characteristics Differ in Chronic and in Acute Heart Disease
Authors: Vilella-Figuerola Alba , Cordero Alberto , Mirabet Sònia , Muñoz-García Natàlia , Suades Rosa , Padró Teresa , Badimon Lina 
Published: April 2023

Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs), shed in response to cell activation, stress, or injury, are increased in the blood of patients with cardiovascular disease. EVs are characterized by expressing parental-cell antigens, allowing the determination of their cellular origin. Platelet-derived EVs (pEVs) are the most abundant in blood. Although not universally given, EVs generally express phosphatidylserine (PS) in their membrane.Objectives To investigate pEVs in chronic and acute conditions, such as chronic heart failure (CHF) and first-onset acute coronary syndrome (ACS), in patients treated as per guidelines.Methods EVs in CHF patients (n = 119), ACS patients (n = 58), their respective controls (non-CHF [n = 21] and non-ACS [n = 24], respectively), and a reference control group (n = 31) were characterized and quantified by flow cytometry, using monoclonal antibodies against platelet antigens, and annexin V (AV) to determine PS exposure.Results CHF patients had higher EVs-PS− numbers, while ACS had predominantly EVs-PS+. In contrast to ACS, CHF patients had significantly reduced numbers of pEVs carrying PECAM and αIIb-integrin epitopes (CD31+/AV+, CD41a+/AV+, and CD31+/CD41a+/AV+), while no differences were observed in P-selectin-rich pEVs (CD62P+/AV+) compared with controls. Additionally, background etiology of CHF (ischemic vs. nonischemic) or ACS type (ST-elevation myocardial infarction [STEMI] vs. non-STEMI [NSTEMI]) did not affect pEV levels.Conclusion PS exposure in EV and pEV-release differ between CHF and ACS patients, with tentatively different functional capacities beyond coagulation to inflammation and cross-talk with other cell types.
Distal Nerve Exploration in the Palm Avoids Nerve Transfer in a Posttraumatic Ulnar Nerve Injury with a Claw Hand
Authors: Jerome J. Terrence Jose 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPosttraumatic low ulnar nerve injuries develop claw hand and poor hand function. Transferring the opponens pollicis branch of the thenar branch at the palm to the terminal division of the deep branch of the ulnar nerve is an effective distal nerve transfer to restore pinch in low ulnar nerve injuries. The author describes the surgical technique for a 4-month-old low ulnar nerve injury in a 25-year-old man with inconclusive electrodiagnostic findings and no clinical findings of distal nerve recovery. The intraoperative electrical stimulation of the nerve in the palm is a simple method to ensure the reinnervation of the ulnar nerve in a claw hand and muscle wasting. Therefore, all postcut injuries with a low ulnar nerve palsy with claw hands may not need a distal nerve transfer. However, performing distal nerve exploration in the palm is vital in cases of doubtful nerve recovery in a low ulnar nerve palsy with a claw hand.
Effect of Antibiotics and Gut Microbiota on the Development of Sepsis in Children with Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplants
Authors: Potes Daniela , Benavides Iván Darío , Rivera-Franco Nelson , Portilla Carlos A. , Ramirez Oscar , Castillo Andrés , López-Medina Eduardo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objective To describe the association between antibiotic use, gut microbiota composition, and the development of sepsis in pediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Methods A cohort of pediatric patients was followed up between days −30 (pre-HSCT) and +30 (post-HSCT), and sequential stool samples were collected for analysis of the taxonomic composition of bacterial communities by comparing the sequences of the 16s ribosomal RNA gene. Clinically, patients were divided into those with or without sepsis according to their clinical and laboratory data. Gut microbiota was categorized as potentially pathogenic or commensal and was described according to antibiotic use in patients with and without sepsis.
Results A cohort of eight patients provided 34 stool samples at different time points during their pre- and post-HSCT periods. There was a greater diversity in the microbial composition in patients who did not develop sepsis. In contrast, patients who developed sepsis had low microbiota diversity, a slight dominance of the genus Bacteroides and order Enterobacterales, and a low abundance of the genus Akkermansia. The use of antibiotics was associated with a low relative abundance of commensal bacteria, a high relative abundance of potentially pathogenic microbiota, and a risk of sepsis.
Conclusion Our results suggest that gut microbiota sequencing in pediatric HSCT recipients could predict the clinical course and guide direct interventions to improve patient outcomes. Accordingly, short-spectrum, tailored antibiotic therapy could be provided to patients with fever pre- and post-HSCT to prevent dysbiosis and reduce the risk of sepsis.
Schottky effect on the wavelength threshold for the photo-detachment from charged metallic nanoparticles
Authors: Shneider Mikhail N , Raitses Yevgeny , Yatom Shurik 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Laser-stimulated electron photo-detachment (LSPD) from nanoscale dust particles is predicted to strongly depend on the particle size. A theory of the electron photo-detachment from charged spherical metallic nanoparticles is presented. This theory is relevant to laser-stimulated photo-detachment applied to measurements of charge of nanoparticles in plasmas. Our theory predicts that the charging of nanoparticles in plasma leads to the appearance of an additional electric field, causing a change in the potential barrier at the particle boundary and consequently, a change in the effective work function, due to the Schottky effect. In this case, the critical wavelength of the laser depends not only on the work function, but also on the charge of the nanoparticles and their size.
Transport of a passive scalar in wide channels with surface topography: An asymptotic theory
Authors: Roggeveen J V , Stone H A , Kurzthaler C 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We generalize classical dispersion theory for a passive scalar to derive an asymptotic long-time convection–diffusion equation for a solute suspended in a wide, structured channel and subject to a steady low-Reynolds-number shear flow. Our asymptotic theory relies on a domain perturbation approach for small roughness amplitudes of the channel and holds for general surface shapes expandable as a Fourier series. We determine an anisotropic dispersion tensor, which depends on the characteristic wavelengths and amplitude of the surface structure. For surfaces whose corrugations are tilted with respect to the applied flow direction, we find that dispersion along the principal direction (i.e. the principal eigenvector of the dispersion tensor) is at an angle to the main flow direction and becomes enhanced relative to classical Taylor dispersion. In contrast, dispersion perpendicular to it can decrease compared to the short-time diffusivity of the particles. Furthermore, for an arbitrary surface shape represented in terms of a Fourier decomposition, we find that each Fourier mode contributes at leading order a linearly-independent correction to the classical Taylor dispersion diffusion tensor.
Superradiant emission in a high-mobility two-dimensional electron gas
Authors: Barman B , Linn A G , O’Beirne A L , Holleman J , Garcia C , Mapara V , Reno J L , McGill S A , Turkowski V , Karaiskaj D , Hilton D J 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We use terahertz time-domain spectroscopy to study gallium arsenide two-dimensional electron gas samples in external magnetic field. We measure cyclotron decay as a function of temperature from 0.4 to

10

K

and a quantum confinement dependence of the cyclotron decay time below

T

0

=
1.2

K

. In the wider quantum well, we observe a dramatic enhancement in the decay time due to the reduction in dephasing and the concomitant enhancement of superradiant decay in these systems. We show that the dephasing time in 2DEG’s depends on both the scattering rate and also on the distribution of scattering angles.
A hybrid intelligent rolling bearing fault diagnosis method combining WKN-BiLSTM and attention mechanism
Authors: Wang Jiang , Guo Junyu , Wang Lin , Yang Yulai , Wang Zhiyuan , Wang Rongqiu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFault diagnosis of rolling bearings helps ensure mechanical systems’ safety. The characteristics of temporal and interleaved noise in the bearing fault diagnosis data collected in the industrial field are addressed. This paper proposes a hybrid intelligent fault diagnosis method (WKN-BiLSTM-AM) based on WaveletKernelNetwork (WKN) and bidirectional long-short term memory (BiLSTM) network with attention mechanism (AM). The WKN model is introduced to extract the relevant impact components of defects in the vibration signals, reduce the model training parameters and facilitate the processing of signals containing noise. Then, the fusion of spatial-temporal features is achieved by combining BiLSTM networks to compensate for the lack of individual networks that ignore the dependent information between discontinuous sequences. Finally, the AM module is introduced to improve the feature coding performance of BiLSTM and fault diagnosis accuracy. Comparison and validation between the proposed WKN-BiLSTM-AM method and other state-of-the-art models are given on the Case Western Reserve University and Paderborn University datasets. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed model in bearing fault diagnosis, and the model’s generalization capability.
Gyrokinetic simulation of electromagnetic instabilities in the high β
p scenario on EAST
Authors: Zheng S Y , Zhang D B , Yu L M , Zhang X M , Xue E B , Ma L J , Tang R Z , Huang J , Xiao Y , Wu M Q , Ye L , Gong X Z 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
High poloidal beta scenarios with favorable plasma performance (

β

p

∼
2.0
,

H

98

∼
1.3

) have be achieved on Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) since the 2018 international atomic energy agency (IAEA). Linear electromagnetic gyrokinetic simulations using gyrokinetic toroidal code (GTC) code are performed based on the experimental data of a typical high

β

p

discharge on EAST. In the core region of plasma, an electromagnetic instability with similar

β

e

dependence and mode structure with kinetic ballooning mode (KBM) but exhibits positive or nearly zero frequency is observed. This instability is referred as unconventional KBM (UKBM). Simulation results demonstrate that UKBM occurs in low ion–electron temperature ratio conditions and UKBM will transit to KBM when ion–electron temperature is high. Further investigation shows the driven mechanism of UKBM differs at different electron beta region. When the electron beta exceeds the threshold of electrostatic instability to UKBM, UKBM is driven by electron pressure gradient. When electron beta is close to the beta threshold of UKBM, the main driven mechanism is

η

e

. Reversed magnetic shear is found to have a significant stabilize effect on UKBM.
Benchmarking and validation of a hybrid model for electropositive and electronegative capacitively coupled plasmas
Authors: Zhang Yu-Ru , Huang Jia-Wei , Zhou Fang-Jie , Lu Chang , Sun Jing-Yu , Su Zi-Xuan , Wang You-Nian 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this work, a fluid/Monte Carlo collision (fluid/MCC) hybrid model is developed based on the framework of multi-physics analysis of plasma sources. This hybrid model could be highly accurate in predicting the nonequilibrium phenomena in capacitively coupled plasmas and meanwhile avoid the limitation caused by the computational cost. Benchmarking against the well-established particle-in-cell/MCC (PIC/MCC) method and comparison with experimental data have been presented both in electropositive N2 discharges and electronegative O2 discharges. The results indicate that in N2 discharges, the ion density evolves from a uniform distribution to an edge-high profile as power increases. Besides, the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) at the bulk center exhibits a ‘hole’ at about 3 eV, and the ‘hole’ becomes less obvious at the radial edge, because more low energy electrons are generated there. In O2 discharges, the EEDF exhibits a Druyvesteyn-like distribution in the bulk region, and it evolves to a Maxwellian distribution in the sheath, indicating the dominant influence of the electric field heating there. The results obtained by the hybrid model agree well with those calculated by the PIC/MCC method, as well as those measured by double probe, except for a slight discrepancy in absolute values. The qualitative agreement achieved in this work validates the potential of this hybrid model as an effective tool in the deep understanding of plasma properties, as well as in the improvement of plasma processing.
Verification methods for drift–diffusion reaction models for plasma simulations
Authors: DeChant Corey , Icenhour Casey , Keniley Shane , Lindsay Alexander , Gall Grayson , Clein Hizon Kimberly , Curreli Davide , Shannon Steven 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCompared to other computational physics areas such as codes for general computational fluid dynamics, the documentation of verification methods for plasma fluid codes remains under developed. Current analytical solutions for plasma are often highly limited in terms of testing highly coupled physics, due to the harsh assumptions needed to derive even simple plasma equations. This work highlights these limitations, suggesting the method of manufactured solutions (MMSs) as a potential option for future verification efforts. To demonstrate the flexibility of MMS in verifying these highly coupled systems, the Multiphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE) framework was utilized. Thanks to the MOOSE framework’s robustness and modularity, as well as to its physics module capabilities and ecosystem applications (i.e. Zapdos and the chemical reaction network) developed for plasma physics modeling and simulation, this report lays the groundwork for a structured method of conducting plasma fluid code verification.
A sparse, triangle-shaped sensor array for damage orientation and characterization of composite structures
Authors: Qiu Wen , Xu Lei , Liao Yaozhong , Bao Qiao , Wang Qiang , Su Zhongqing 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Since numerous sensors are needed to create a sensor array for the structural health monitoring of large-scale structures, the equipment quantity and cost considerably increase. This study proposes a sparse, triangle-shaped sensor array to identify, orient, and assess the degree of structural damage in composite constructions in order to overcome this shortcoming. The damage-scattered Lamb waves are recorded by the sparse sensor array with a variety of features that are then extracted and fed into the support vector machine (SVM) classification method. The location and severity of the damage in composite constructions can be determined by training the SVM model. The principal component analysis technique is used to compress the wave feature vectors while maintaining the majority of the damage information because the high dimension of the wave feature vectors required a significant amount of calculation during the training phase. Proof-of-concept tests show that the trained model, by utilizing the many properties of Lamb wave signals, can orient and define the degree of damage with excellent accuracy. Multiple Lamb wave properties can be used to make up for the triangle sensor array’s loss of damage information. In conjunction with the SVM, the triangle-shaped sensor array that was proposed in this study can efficiently make it easier to identify and characterize damage to large-scale structures while using fewer sensors.
Controllable plasmonic vortex sequence with on-chip discrete-slit-based metalens
Authors: Fu Yanan , Zhang Shuoshuo , Wang Yulong , Zhang Yuquan , He Yejun , Min Changjun , Yuan Xiaocong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Like free-space vortex beams, surface plasmon polaritons can carry orbital angular momentum to form plasmonic vortices (PVs). Recently, research interest in PV fundamentals and applications has increased. However, generating and manipulating the topological charges of PVs over wide ranges using on-chip devices remains challenging. Here, we propose an on-chip plasmonic metalens structure to generate tunable PV sequence with controllable topological charges at discrete wavelengths. When compared with conventional spiral-slit structures, the designed metalens has additional structural parameters that bring more degrees of freedom to control the range and interval of the topological charge distribution of the PV sequence. Analytical and simulation methods are used to verify the metalens’ functionality. It is proved that the topological charges of the generated PV sequence are symmetrically distributed about the fundamental mode (l = 0), which cannot be realized by a traditional Archimedean helix. In addition, the normalized powers of the PV sequence are all above 0.8, showing that the designed metalens structure has potential for use as an on-chip optical vortex comb device. This work has potential applications in on-chip optical information processing, integrated optical communications, and optical tweezers.