bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Curriculum, instruction, and assessment: A snapshot of world language education in Massachusetts
Authors: Ritz Catherine , Sherf Nicole 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis large‐scale study used a survey to collect data on K‐12 world language classrooms in Massachusetts public schools, focusing on core instructional practices, curriculum, and assessment. The study resulted in 383 individual teacher completed responses, representing 188 districts, which was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results indicate encouraging signs in the adoption of core proficiency‐based instructional practices, thematic curriculum design, and the use of performance‐based assessments. Further support for teachers in how to implement these practices is needed, along with attention to school leaders who may have no background in world language education but are tasked with supporting and evaluating world language teachers. Survey data were collected at the beginning of school closures due to COVID‐19, capturing a picture of K‐12 world language education and a point of comparison for future research.
Spatial genetic differentiation correlates with species assemblage turnover across tropical reef fish lineages
Authors: Vilcot Maurine , Albouy Camille , Donati Giulia Francesca Azzurra , Claverie Thomas , Julius Pagu , Manel Stéphanie , Pellissier Loïc , Leprieur Fabien 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimEvaluating the similarity of diversity patterns across micro‐ to macroevolutionary scales in natural communities, such as species–genetic diversity correlations (SGDCs), may inform on processes shaping community assembly. However, whether SGDCs not only hold across communities but also across lineages has never been explored so far. Here we investigated SGDCs across co‐distributed taxa for different spatial components (α, β, γ), and formally tested the influence of dispersal traits on β‐SGDCs.LocationWestern Indian Ocean.Time period2016–2017.Major taxa studiedTropical reef fish species with contrasting dispersal traits.MethodsUsing double‐digest restriction‐site associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) Single Nucleotide Polymorphism data for 20 tropical reef fishes and distribution data of 2,446 species belonging to 12 families, we analysed the correlations between within‐species genetic diversity and within‐family species diversity (i.e., lineage diversity) for the three spatial components (α, β, γ‐SGDCs). We then related the strength of β‐SGDCs per species to proxies of larval dispersal abilities.ResultsWe detected positive and significant lineage‐based SGDC only for the β component, that is, the families showing the greatest level of species turnover among sites contain the species with the greatest levels of genetic differentiation. We showed that the Monsoon Drift mainly explained the β‐diversity patterns at both intraspecific and interspecific levels. Higher β‐SGDCs were found for species with short pelagic larval duration and weak larval swimming capacity.Main conclusionsOur study reveals a strong correlation between genetic and species β‐diversity, a result explained by the presence of a ‘soft’ barrier and mediated by larval dispersal processes. This suggests that vicariance and dispersal limitation are major processes shaping β‐diversity patterns from microevolutionary to macroevolutionary scales in tropical reef fishes.
Does speaking or writing Italian make differences?
Authors: Ghio Daniela , Bratti Massimiliano , Bignami Simona 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAlthough researchers acknowledge the key role of language in immigrant integration, empirical analyses on how proficiency in Italian differently shape the social outcomes of immigrants living in Italy are limited. Using the Italian Survey on Social Condition and Integration of Foreign Citizens, we model individual demographic and linguistic patterns, setting apart communication ability from other linguistic skills. Clustering immigrants by mother tongue linguistic group, we leverage the age at arrival and knowledge of Italian during childhood to address endogeneity. Findings reveal how deficiencies in Italian affect integration outcomes of immigrants: the magnitude of effects due to poor proficiency in communication (understanding and speaking) is larger when compared to more formal linguistic skills (reading and writing). Women suffer from higher linguistic barriers in the employment outcomes than men do. Results give empirical argumentations to support immigrant integration through the development of language‐training programmes in destination languages tailored on immigrants' demographic and linguistic profiles.
Construction and validation of the perioral moisture‐related skin damage (PMASD) risk prediction model in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Wang Hui , Jiang Guichun , Wang Yihan , Jia Hongyu , Qu Huan , Yong Xiuwei , Ma Lina 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study aims to analyse the risk factors of Peristomal Moisture‐Associated Skin Damage (PMASD) in colorectal cancer patients, construct a prediction model, and verify its effect. A total of 375 patients who underwent rectal cancer stoma surgery at the Liaoning Cancer Hospital between January and December 2020 were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The clinical data were retrospectively analysed for modelling and internal validation (modelling group). According to the same criteria, the clinical data of 242 patients from January and June 2021 were retrospectively analysed for external validation (validation group). Baseline patient data were recorded. Patients in the modelling group were divided into those with and without PMASD based on the occurrence of PMASD during hospitalisation. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the factors of PMASD and the PMASD nomogram model of colorectal cancer. Internal model validation was performed with the Bootstrap method, using the ROC and H‐L goodness of fit test to evaluate the differentiation and calibration of the model. Last, external validation of the model was performed. In the modelling group, 212 patients with colorectal cancer developed PMASD. According to the results of the logistic regression analysis, high fasting plasma glucose and fasting blood glucose (FPG), a history of radiotherapy, the height of the stoma opening (i.e., flat or lower than the skin surface), and skin folds around the stoma are risk factors for PMASD (OR > 1, P < 0.05). The stool shaping and colostomy are protective factors for PMASD in patients with colorectal cancer (OR < 1, P < 0.05). To establish the prediction of colorectal cancer, patient development of PMASD line, graph model, and internal verification was carried out using the Bootstrap method: H‐L test P = 0.846, area under curve, area under the ROC curve (0 > 0.75, 95% CI: 0.778–0, AUC = 0.820). The external validation included the H‐L test (P = 0.137, AUC [0.862] > 0.75, 95% CI: 0.815–0.909), with the maximum value of the Youden index as the best cut‐off value for the model. The ROC curve had a Youden index of 0.559, a sensitivity of 0.877, and a specificity of 0.657. The prompt model area showed good calibration and discrimination. The PMASD in patients with colorectal cancer is affected by defecation traits, the stoma opening height, stoma type, FPG, skin folds around the stoma, and previous radiotherapy history. The nomogram model can provide an effective means to reasonably predict the risk of PMASD in patients with colorectal cancer.
Design of a modified atmosphere packaging for apple using concept of mathematical modeling for phytochemicals stability and shelf‐life enhancement
Authors: Mangaraj Shukadev , Thakur Rajeev Ranjan , Nishad Praween 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the present investigation, experiments were conducted to model the rate of apple respiration at various temperatures using enzyme kinetics approach and Arrhenius equation. Thereafter, a governing mathematical model based on the mass balance concept was developed to design a modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) system for apple. The respiration rate model and developed equation employed in the MAP design process was verified and proved to be suitable, as indicated by moduli (E < 10%). Thereafter, a combination of biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film having thickness of 30 and 50 μm, respectively was prepared by tailoring method to match the targeted gas permeability requirement of apple. The MAP system for apple was developed by packaging 1 kg of apple in the prepared film and the packages were stored at 2°C for further quality evaluation. The quality attributes of apple in terms of physico‐chemical properties, individual phenolic compounds, total phenolic content and total antioxidant capacity were assessed at a regular interval of time during storage. Based on physiological weight loss (<10%) and retention of other physicochemical and phytochemical quality till the end of storage period, the shelf life of apple was recorded as 180 days.Practical applicationThe lack of adequate cold storage systems in the supply chain, improper handling and storage facilities for fresh fruits including apple, is the leading source of post‐harvest loss of perishable commodity. The modeling of respiration rate at transient state and design of perm selective modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) system could be an alternative technology which can facilitate the shelf life enhancement of apple during handling and distribution. The uniqueness in the study involves the effect of MAP system on phytochemical compounds of whole apple during storage which has been rarely reported so far. The retention of overall quality of stored apple has proved that MAP is a promising technique for quality retention and achieving better market value.
Decreased kynurenine in cerebrospinal fluid and potential role in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Authors: Peng Fuhua , She Hongda , Wang Yuge , Xu Li , Shan Yilong , Chang Yanyu , Zhong Xiaonan , Li Rui , Qiu Wei , Shu Yaqing , Tan Sha 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTryptophan (Trp) metabolism has been implicated in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders, but its relationship with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is unclear. In this pilot study, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was prospectively collected from 26 NMOSD patients in relapse and 16 controls with noninflammatory diseases and 6 neurometabolites in the tryptophan metabolic pathway, including 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT), kynurenine (KYN), melatonin (MLT), 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA), 3‐hydroxy‐o‐aminobenzoic acid (3‐HAA), and kynurenic acid (KYA), were measured by ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS). The association of Trp metabolites with NMOSD and its clinical parameters was evaluated. The role of KYN, which is a Trp metabolite involved in the binding of NMOSD‐IgG antibody to aquaporin 4 (AQP4), was also evaluated in vitro. CSF KYN was significantly decreased in patients with relapsing NMOSD compared to controls, and CSF KYN was associated with CSF white blood cells in NMOSD. In vitro experiments showed that NMOSD‐IgG specifically recognized KYN, which reversed the NMOSD‐IgG‐induced downregulation of AQP4 expression. Our results show that abnormal Trp metabolism occurs in NMOSD and that KYN might be a potential target for the treatment of AQP4‐IgG‐positive NMOSD patients.image
Clinical and histological evaluation of microneedle fractional radiofrequency treatment on facial fine lines and skin laxity in Koreans
Authors: Suh Dong Hye , Cho Minah , Kim Hyeong Seob , Lee Sang Jun , Song Kye Yong , Kim Hei Sung 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundFacial wrinkles and sagging are the most visible signs of aging and can cause profound distress. Microneedle fractional radiofrequency (MFR) is a minimally invasive procedure, which utilizes both microneedling and radiofrequency energy to rejuvenate the skin.ObjectiveTo describe the safety and efficacy of a temperature‐controlled MFR device on facial fine lines and laxity.Patients and MethodsA retrospective chart & histology review was performed on individuals who received bipolar MFR for facial rejuvenation. A total of 15 Koreans with a median age of 46 years were included. All participants underwent a single treatment session. The results were assessed objectively using serial photography and subjectively based on the participants' satisfaction scores. Histologic changes before, immediately after MFR and at 4 months follow‐up was examined. Complications were also recorded.ResultsPartially denatured collagen fibers and dermal shrinkage was observed immediately after MFR whereas an increase in elastin and collagen was noted at 4 months follow‐up. 86.7% of recipients considered the results satisfactory. Consensus ratings by two independent dermatologists on the objective outcomes at 4‐month follow‐up were very much improved (53.3%), much improved (26.7%) and improved (20%). Treatment was well tolerated and did not cause any significant long‐lasting discomfort.ConclusionTemperature‐controlled bipolar MFR is a minimally invasive treatment option to consider for facial fine lines and laxity via neo‐collagenesis and neo‐elastogenesis. The procedure was safe and clinically effective.
Effect of finish line location and saliva contamination on the accuracy of crown finish line scanning
Authors: An Hongseok , Mickesh Grant J. , Cho David , Sorensen John A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeIntraoral scanners are used widely as an alternative to conventional impressions, but studies on the influence of finish line location and saliva contamination on scanning trueness are lacking. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of finish line location and saliva contamination on the scanning trueness of crown finish lines.Materials and methodsThree ivorine teeth were prepared for all‐ceramic crowns with finish lines placed equigingivally, 0.5 mm subgingivally, and 1.0 mm subgingivally. A single‐cord technique was used for gingival retraction, and a total of 180 intraoral scans were made using two intraoral scanners (Emerald; Planmeca USA Inc., Hoffman Estates, IL, USA & Trios 3; 3Shape A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark). The prepared teeth were separated from the dentoform and scanned using the same intraoral scanners to create reference scans. All scans were imported to the design software (Dental System 2019; 3Shape A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark). After marking the finish lines of prepared teeth, intraoral scans were aligned to the reference scans for comparisons. Vertical and horizontal marginal discrepancies were measured at four different measuring points (buccal, lingual, mesial, and distal) and analyzed. Two‐way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests were used for statistical analysis (α = 0.05).ResultsThe average vertical and horizontal discrepancies from various groups ranged from −33 to 440 µm. For both intraoral scanners, subgingival finish line groups showed greater vertical and horizontal discrepancies compared with equigingival finish line groups. Saliva contamination significantly increased both vertical and horizontal discrepancies for all finish line locations. The discrepancy increases due to saliva contamination were greater for the subgingival groups.ConclusionsSubgingival finish lines were not accurately captured using the intraoral scanners. The presence of saliva significantly reduced scanning trueness, and this was amplified when the finish lines were located subgingivally.
A cross‐national study on adolescent substance use: Intentions, peer substance use, and parent‐adolescent communication
Authors: Defoe Ivy N. , Dubas Judith Semon , van Aken Marcel A. G. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis longitudinal two‐wave cross‐national study investigated whether intentions, friends' substance use, and parent‐adolescent substance‐use specific communication predict adolescent alcohol and cannabis use 1 year later, while estimating reversed links. The temporal order between these two substances was also examined. We used multi‐group cross‐lagged panel modeling on data from 2 ethnically and socioeconomically diverse samples: Sint Maarten (N = 350;Mage = 14.19) and the Netherlands (N = 602;Mage = 13.50). Results showed that in the Netherlands, cannabis use predicts more subsequent problems (alcohol use, intention to use cannabis, and affiliation with cannabis‐using friends). But for Sint Maarten, alcohol use predicts more subsequent problems (cannabis use, intention to use alcohol, and affiliation with alcohol‐using friends). These opposing results demonstrate that caution is warranted when generalizing results across countries.
An invasive human commensal and a native marsupial maintain tick populations at the urban fringe
Authors: Taylor Casey L. , Egan Siobhon L. , Gofton Alexander W. , Irwin Peter J. , Oskam Charlotte L. , Hochuli Dieter F. , Banks Peter B. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTicks (Acari: Ixodidae) are major disease vectors globally making it increasingly important to understand how altered vertebrate communities in urban areas shape tick population dynamics. In urban landscapes of Australia, little is known about which native and introduced small mammals maintain tick populations preventing host‐targeted tick management and leading to human–wildlife conflict. Here, we determined (1) larval, nymphal, and adult tick burdens on host species and potential drivers, (2) the number of ticks supported by the different host populations, and (3) the proportion of medically significant tick species feeding on the different host species in Northern Sydney. We counted 3551 ticks on 241 mammals at 15 sites and found that long‐nosed bandicoots (Perameles nasuta) hosted more ticks of all life stages than other small mammals but introduced black rats (Rattus rattus) were more abundant at most sites (33%–100%) and therefore important in supporting larval and nymphal ticks in our study areas. Black rats and bandicoots hosted a greater proportion of medically significant tick species including Ixodes holocyclus than other hosts. Our results show that an introduced human commensal contributes to maintaining urban tick populations and suggests ticks could be managed by controlling rat populations on urban fringes.
Postgraduate perspectives on mentoring undergraduate researchers for talent development
Authors: Asif Muhammad Zaka , Edison Arthur S , Dolan Erin L 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUndergraduate research experiences are critical for the talent development of the STEM research workforce, and research mentors play an influential role in this process. Given the many life science majors seeking research experiences at universities, graduate and postdoctoral researchers (i.e., postgraduates) provide much of the daily mentoring of undergraduate researchers. Yet, there remains little research on how postgraduates contribute to talent development among undergraduate researchers. To begin to address this knowledge gap, we conducted an exploratory study of the experiences of 32 postgraduates who mentored life science undergraduate researchers. We identified four factors that they perceived as enabling undergraduate researcher talent development: undergraduate researcher characteristics, research project characteristics, and mentoring implementation as well as outcomes for both the postgraduate and undergraduate. We then describe a team‐based approach to postgraduate mentoring of undergraduate researchers that attends to these factors to provide an example that practitioners can adapt or adopt for their own research groups.
Compartmentalisation: A strategy for optimising symbiosis and tradeoff management
Authors: Mohd‐Radzman Nadiatul A. , Drapek Colleen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPlant root architecture is developmentally plastic in response to fluctuating nutrient levels in the soil. Part of this developmental plasticity is the formation of dedicated root cells and organs to host mutualistic symbionts. Structures like nitrogen‐fixing nodules serve as alternative nutrient acquisition strategies during starvation conditions. Some root systems can also form myconodules—globular root structures that can host mycorrhizal fungi. The myconodule association is different from the wide‐spread arbuscular mycorrhization. This range of symbiotic associations provides different degrees of compartmentalisation, from the cellular to organ scale, which allows the plant host to regulate the entry and extent of symbiotic interactions. In this review, we discuss the degrees of symbiont compartmentalisation by the plant host as a developmental strategy and speculate how spatial confinement mitigates risks associated with root symbiosis.
Epistemic probabilities are degrees of support, not degrees of (rational) belief
Authors: Climenhaga Nevin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractI argue that when we use ‘probability’ language in epistemic contexts—e.g., when we ask how probable some hypothesis is, given the evidence available to us—we are talking aboutdegrees of support, rather thandegrees of belief. The epistemic probability of A given B is the mind‐independent degree to which B supports A, not the degree to which someone with B as their evidence believes A, or the degree to which someone would or should believe A if they had B as their evidence. My central argument is that the degree‐of‐support interpretation lets us better model good reasoning in certain cases involving old evidence. Degree‐of‐belief interpretations make the wrong predictions not only about whether old evidence confirms new hypotheses, but about the values of the probabilities that enter into Bayes' Theorem when we calculate the probability of hypotheses conditional on old evidence and new background information.
The effect of inflorescence display size and flower position on pollination success in two deceptive and one rewarding orchid
Authors: Lanzino M. , Palermo A. M. , Pellegrino G. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractInflorescence display size and flower position on the inflorescence play important roles in plant reproduction, in the formation of fruits and are primarily linked to pollinator behaviour. We used three orchids to determine how visitation rates and choice of pollinator depend on number and position of the flowers along the inflorescence.We measured reproductive success in (1) natural conditions, (2) hand‐pollination experiments and (3) an experimental design, by modifying composition of inflorescences in populations of two deceptive orchids,Orchis anthropophoraandO. italica, and one rewarding orchid,Anacamptis coriophorasubsp.fragrans.There were no differences in natural fruit production in relation to flower position on the inflorescence (i.e.upperversuslower part), suggesting no preference of pollinators for different parts of the inflorescence. Hand‐pollination experiments highlighted low pollen limitation inA. coriophorasubsp.fragransbut high limitation inO. italicaandO. anthropophora. Reproductive success of deceptive orchids in experimental plots decreased significantly when flowers on the upper half of the inflorescence were removed leading to reduced floral display, while reproductive success of the nectariferous species did not differ significantly.Our data highlight that in the examined orchids there is no clear relationship between fruit formation and flower position along inflorescences. Thus we can affirm that, for orchids, the entire inflorescence plays a dominant role in insect attraction but the part of the flower spike does not influence the choice of the insect. This implies that all flowers have the same possibility of receiving visits from pollinators, and therefore each flower has the same opportunity to set fruit.