bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ABI5 promotes heat stress-induced chlorophyll degradation by modulating the stability of MYB44 in cucumber
Authors: Liu Weikang , Chen Guangling , He Mingming , Wu Jianqiang , Wen Wenxu , Gu Qinsheng , Guo Shirong , Wang Yu , Sun Jin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The yellowing of leaves caused by the decomposition of chlorophyll (Chl) is a characteristic event during senescence, which can be induced by various environmental stresses. However, the molecular mechanisms of high temperature-induced Chl degradation in horticultural plants remain poorly understood. Here, we found that heat stress induced Chl degradation and the expression of ABI5 and MYB44 in cucumber. Silencing of ABI5 compromised heat stress-induced Chl degradation, and the transcription of pheophytinase (PPH) and pheophorbide a oxygenase (PAO), two key genes in Chl catabolic pathway, but silencing of MYB44 exhibited the opposite results. Furthermore, ABI5 interacted with MYB44 in vitro and in vivo. ABI5 positively regulated heat stress-induced Chl degradation through two pathways. ABI5 directly bound to PPH and PAO promoters to promote their expression, leading to accelerating Chl degradation. On the other hand, the interaction between ABI5 and MYB44 reduced the binding of MYB44 to PPH and PAO promoters and led to the ubiquitination-depended protein degradation of MYB44, thereby alleviating the transcription inhibitory effect of MYB44 on PPH and PAO. Taken together, our findings propose a new regulatory network for ABI5 in regulating heat stress-induced Chl degradation.
Growth and diet of a larval myctophid across distinct upwelling regimes in the California Current
Authors: Swieca K , Sponaugle S , Schmid M S , Ivory J , Corrales-Ugalde M , Sutherland K R , Cowen R K 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Eastern boundary systems support major fisheries of species whose early stages depend on upwelling production. However, upwelling can be highly variable at the regional scale, leading to complex patterns of feeding, growth, and survival for taxa that are broadly distributed in space and time. The northern California Current (NCC) is characterized by latitudinal variability in the seasonality and intensity of coastal upwelling. We examined the diet and larval growth of a dominant myctophid (Stenobrachius leucopsarus) in the context of their prey and predators in distinct NCC upwelling regimes. Larvae exhibited significant differences in diet and growth, with greater seasonal than latitudinal variability. In winter, during reduced upwelling, growth was substantially slower, guts less full, and diets dominated by copepod nauplii. During summer upwelling, faster-growing larvae had guts that were more full from feeding on calanoid copepods and relying less heavily on lower trophic level prey. Yet, our findings revealed a dome-shaped relationship with the fastest growth occurring at moderate upwelling intensity. High zooplanktivorous predation pressure led to above average growth, which may indicate the selective loss of slower-growing larvae. Our results suggest that species whose spatio-temporal distributions encompass multiple regional upwelling regimes experience unique feeding and predation environments throughout their range with implications for larval survivorship.
Predictors of 5-Year Persistence of Antibody Responses to Zoster Vaccines
Authors: Weinberg Adriana , Scott Schmid D , Leung Jessica , Johnson Michael J , Miao Congrong , Levin Myron J 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Protection against herpes zoster is primarily conferred by cell-mediated immunity. However, anti–varicella-zoster virus (VZV) glycoprotein (anti-gp) antibody responses to zoster vaccine live (ZVL) are correlated with protection, suggesting a potential protective role for antibody. Detailed studies of antibody responses to the recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) are provided.

Methods
We compared enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay–measured anti–VZV glycoproteins (anti-gp) and glycoprotein E (anti-gE) antibody levels and avidity in 159 participants randomized to RZV (n = 80) or ZVL (n = 79) recipients over 5 years after vaccination and identified predictors of antibody persistence.

Results
The comparison between vaccine groups showed higher anti-gE and anti-gp antibody levels after RZV than after ZVL over the 5-year study duration. RZV recipients also had higher anti-gE avidity for 5 years and higher anti-gp avidity in the first year after vaccination. Compared with prevaccination levels, RZV recipients maintained higher levels of anti-gE antibodies and avidity for 5 years, whereas ZVL recipients only maintained higher anti-gE avidity. Anti-gp antibody levels and avidity decreased to prevaccination levels or below beyond 1 year after vaccination in both groups. Independent predictors of persistence of antibody levels and avidity included vaccine type, prevaccination and peak antibody levels and avidity, prevaccination and peak cell-mediated immunity, and age. Sex or prior ZVL administration did not affect persistence.

Conclusions
Antibody responses and avidity were higher and more persistent in RZV than in ZVL recipients. The effect of age on antibody persistence in RZV recipients is novel.
Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity of Messenger RNA Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Booster Administered by Intradermal or Intramuscular Route in Thai Older Adults
Authors: Assantachai Prasert , Niyomnaitham Suvimol , Chatthanawaree Wichai , Intalapaporn Somboon , Muangpaisan Weerasak , Phannarus Harisd , Saichompoo Rangsimatiti Binda , Sura-amonrattana Unchana , Wongprompitak Patimaporn , Toh Zheng Quan , Licciardi Paul V , Srisutthisamphan Kanjana , Chokephaibulkit Kulkanya 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Intradermal (ID) vaccination may alleviate COVID-19 vaccine shortages and vaccine hesitancy.

Methods
Persons aged ≥65 years who were vaccinated with 2-dose ChAdOx1 12–24 weeks earlier were randomized to receive a booster vaccination by either ID (20 µg mRNA-1273 or 10 µg BNT162b2) or intramuscular (IM) (100 µg mRNA-1273 or 30 µg BNT162b2) route. Anti–receptor-binding domain (RBD) immunoglobulin G (IgG), neutralizing antibody (NAb), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ)–producing cells were measured at 2–4 weeks following vaccination.

Results
Of 210 participants enrolled, 70.5% were female and median age was 77.5 (interquartile range, 71–84) years. Following booster dose, both ID vaccinations induced 37% lower levels of anti-RBD IgG compared with IM vaccination of the same vaccine. NAb titers against ancestral and Omicron BA.1 were highest following IM mRNA-1273 (geometric mean, 1718 and 617), followed by ID mRNA-1273 (1212 and 318), IM BNT162b2 (713 and 230), and ID BNT162b2 (587 and 148), respectively. Spike-specific IFN-γ responses were similar or higher in the ID groups compared with IM groups. ID route tended to have fewer systemic adverse events (AEs), although more local AEs were reported in the ID mRNA-1273 group.

Conclusions
Fractional ID vaccination induced lower humoral but comparable cellular immunity compared to IM and may be an alternative for older people.

Clinical Trials Registration
TCTR20220112002.
195 Fescue Toxicosis: Understanding the Fungal Cause and the Fungal Solution
Authors: Young Carolyn A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Dr. Young has been internationally recognized for research on seed transmitted fungal endophytes and their impact on forage grazing systems, endophyte diversity in native grasses and crop wild relatives, pecan scab and a root rot pathogen of alfalfa. She has discovered genes for the synthesis of bioprotective alkaloids, identified and described new endophyte species, and developed genomic and culture resources. Dr. Young will share research on utilizing genomic techniques to better understand the various endophyte species in forage grazing systems.
33 Supplementation Level Effects on Early-Weaned Beef Calves Receiving Annual Ryegrass
Authors: Lazarin Joao , Vendramini Joao , Moriel Philipe , Silva Hiran , Izquierdo Vinicius , Garzon Jaime , Lage Nauara 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of concentrate supplementation levels on performance and DM intake of early-weaned beef calves consuming annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorium). The experiments were conducted at the UF/IFAS Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona, FL from January to May 2022. In experiment 1, treatments were two levels of concentrate supplementation (0.75% or 1.0% of BW) distributed in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Concentrate was fed daily and had 18% CP and 78% TDN. Thirty-two Angus crossbred calves were weaned with 90 ± 14 kg BW at 76 ± 10 d of age and allocated to 1 of 8 annual ryegrass pastures (experimental units; 0.3 ha/pasture; 4 calves/pasture) with a continuous and fixed stocking rate. Herbage mass and nutritive value were estimated every 14 d and calves were weighed every 28 d. There was no difference in herbage mass (mean = 1.300 kg DM/ha; P = 0.44; SE = 0.46), herbage allowance (mean = 0.86 kg DM/kg LW; P = 0.66; SE = 0.03), CP (mean = 24.4%; P = 0.46; SE = 0.78), and in vitro digestible organic matter (mean = 77%; P = 0.49; SE = 1) concentration between treatments. There was a treatment × month interaction on ADG and the interaction occurred because calves receiving 1% BW had greater ADG than 0.75% BW in April (1.0 vs. 0.8 kg/d; P = 0.04; 0.03) but there were no differences between treatments in February, March, and May. In experiment 2, treatments were supplementation with 0.75% or 1.0% BW concentrate distributed in a complete randomized design with seven replicates. Fourteen steers calves (166 ± 17 kg BW) from experiment 1 were maintained in the same treatment, transferred to a drylot (1 steer/pen), and evaluated for forage and total DM intake, and in vivo DM digestibility. Ground annual ryegrass hay (11% CP, 58% IVDOM) was offered and adjusted to allow 10% refusals. There was no difference in forage DM intake (mean = 1.8 kg DM/d; P = 0.3; SE = 0.06) between treatments but calves receiving 1.0% BW had greater total DM intake (2.7 vs. 2.5 kg DM/d; P = 0.05; SE = 0.06) and in vivo DM digestibility (77 vs. 75%; P &lt; 0.01; SE = 0.53) than 0.75% BW. Decreasing concentrate supplementation level from 1.0 to 0.75% BW may be a viable management practice to reduce cost of developing early weaned beef calves grazing annual ryegrass.
115 A Challenging and Motivational Presentation to Past, Present and Future Animal and Forage Scientists and Professionals
Authors: Ballerstedt Peter J 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Today’s 20-something graduate students will be close to 50-something professionals by midcentury. They have the opportunity, perhaps even the ethical and moral duty, to sustainably increase supply of animal source foods in humanity’s global food supply. The world these animal and forage science professionals will serve will contain perhaps 2 billion more human beings, with most of this increase coming from people living to 70 years old and beyond. Malnutrition, broadly and properly understood, is already an existential crisis today. Global agriculture will be required to produce not just more food, but food of greater nutritional value. Animal agriculture in general, and ruminant animal agriculture in particular, is an essential part of all food systems. Any sincere conversation about sustainable food systems must include efforts to increase the affordability and accessibility of culturally appropriate animal source foods. Improved livestock-cropping systems, which will include forages of various types, offer the potential to produce more food from the same land without increasingly expensive inputs of fertilizer and energy while stewarding precious resources. The unique ecological role of ruminant animals and their essential role in converting human-inedible biomass into high-quality sources of essential nutrition will be a fundamental part of these systems. The sustainable intensification of global animal agriculture must become a high priority of funding for research and teaching during the next two and one half decades. These realities exist, however, in a climate dominated by anti-animal agriculture messaging in media and political debates. What can we older professionals be doing to recruit, train and equip the next generation(s) of animal and forage scientists who must meet this challenge?
74 Ovulatory Follicle and Corpus Luteum Development ofBos Taurus Cows Under Nutrient Restriction
Authors: Craun Hannah , Goncherenko Guillermo , Pancini Stefania , Dias Nicholas W , Vidlund Trinity , Klonicke Zachary , White Baker , Seekford Emma , Pent Gabriel J , Henry Darren H , Ealy Alan , Biase Fernando , Pohler Ky , Lamb Cliff C , Mercadante Vitor R G 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Establishment and maintenance of pregnancy is a central concern to the cattle industry, as it strongly impacts efficiency and profitability of beef cow-calf operations. The objective of this study was to determine if nutrient restriction impacts ovulatory follicle size and corpus luteum (CL) volume of Angus cows enrolled in estrous synchronization. A total of 26 Angus cows were housed at the Virginia Tech – Shenandoah Valley Agricultural Research and Education Center (SVAREC) equipped with a Calan gate system for individual animal intake, stratified by body weight (BW) and randomly assigned to one of two treatments: 1) a maintenance diet that provided 100% of nutrient requirements (MTN; n = 13) or 2) a diet providing 70% of nutrient requirements (REST; n = 13). Nutrient requirements were calculated and adjusted weekly based on BW using the 2016 NRC version of Beef Cattle Nutrient Requirements Model Software. Cattle underwent an acclimation period of4 days and were exposed to nutritional treatments for 30 days before estrous synchronization. Body weight was measured daily using an automated scale, and a conventional livestock scale at the beginning and end of the experiment. Cows were synchronized using a 7-day CO-synch + CIDR protocol beginning on day -10. An estrus alert patch was applied on day -3 and read on day 0 to assess expression of estrus. Ultrasonography of the ovaries was performed at each event of the estrous synchronization protocol. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Initial BW was similar between treatments (P = 0.07; 600 ± 32 kg), but MTN compared with REST cows had greater final BW (P &lt; 0.01; 687 ± 24 and 556 ± 27 kg, respectively) and greater average daily gain (1.35 ± 0.18 and -0.72 ± 0.21 kg/d, respectively). Estrus expression was numerically greater (P = 0.185) MTN (84.62%) than REST (61.54%) cows. Diameter of the largest follicle was similar (P = 0.851) between treatments at the CIDR insertion (12.6 ± 0.6 mm) and CIDR removal (12.9 ± 0.4 mm), but were greater for MTN than REST cows at 60 hours after CIDR removal (14.01 ± 0.6 and 12.37 ± 0.5 mm, respectively). Volume of CL was similar (P &gt; 0.01) at 5 (3211 ±13 mm3) and 7 (5280.3 ± 212 mm3) days after ovulation. In conclusion, nutrient restriction during estrous synchronization negatively affects diameter of the ovulatory follicle, but it did not affect subsequent CL volume in mature Angus cows.
105 Effects of Monensin on Intake, Growth Performance, and Health of Newly-Received Feedlot Calves
Authors: Foster Ryan C , Gouvêa Vinícius N , Proctor Jarret A , Smithyman Mackenzie M , Beck Matthew R , Long Nathan S , Smith Jason K , Duff Glenn C 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Monensin is an ionophore commonly fed to feedlot cattle to increase feed efficiency (gain:feed ratio; G:F) typically by decreasing dry matter intake (DMI) when fed at the commonly adopted dose of 33 mg∙kg DM-1. During the receiving period when intake is often suppressed due to management stressors, feeding monensin to light-weight feedlot calves may be detrimental to DMI and consequently to growth performance. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of feeding sodium monensin to newly-received feedlot calves. A total of 380 crossbred beef steers [initial body weight (BW) = 231 ± 25 kg and approximately 8 months of age] were sourced from local auctions in Delhi, LA and transported approximately 16 h to Clayton, NM. Upon arrival, steers were processed, blocked by off-truck shrunk BW, randomly assigned to 20 pens (19 animal∙pen-1), and pens were then randomly assigned to one of two dietary treatments (n = 10 pens/treatment): control (CON; no feed additive) or sodium monensin at 170 mg∙animal-1∙day-1 (MON; Rumensin 90; Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN). The basal diet consisted of a complete starter feed composed predominantly of wet corn gluten feed (RAMP; Cargill Sweet Bran, Dalhart, TX). The experiment was 56 days in length. The amount of feed offered to each pen was adjusted based on the DMI of the previous day and bunks were managed to contain trace amounts of feed at 0600 h. Body weight was recorded on days 0, 14, 28, and 56 for average daily gain (ADG) and G:F calculation. Dietary net energy for maintenance (NEm) and gain (NEg) were estimated based on observed growth performance. Daily animal health evaluations were performed using a 4-point scale method based on depression, appetite, respiration, and temperature throughout the experiment. All data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design using SAS with pen serving as the experimental unit. Feeding MON did not affect feed intake (P = 0.58) compared with CON, yet ADG was increased (P &lt; 0.01) by 12.5% in steers fed MON compared with CON. Thus, there was a 10.7% increase (P &lt; 0.01) in G:F for MON, which corresponds with a greater (P = 0.02) observed NEm and NEg for MON compared with CON. Feeding MON tended (P = 0.07) to elicit a 2.9% increase in final BW compared with CON. Additionally, there was no treatment effect (P ≥ 0.57) on morbidity based on the number of therapeutic treatments among calves which were treated for indications of bovine respiratory disease. Moreover, treatments did not affect mortality rate. In summary, feeding monensin at 170 mg∙animal-1∙d-1 (26 mg∙kg DM-1) increases growth performance of light-weight, newly-received feedlot cattle without influencing DMI or animal health.
151 Effect of Neogen Igenity Beef Index Scores on Performance of Steers During Finishing
Authors: De Vries Jacee k , Farran Garrett , Beck Paul A , Briggs Emma A , Moore Mikayla F , Major Mike , Lalman David 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Genomic testing of feeder cattle is reported to be beneficial in selecting cattle for the feedlot, as well as making management and marketing decisions. The objective of this study was to determine differences in performance and efficiency of finishing steers with a range of Neogen Igenity Beef scores for average daily gain (ADG) and milk. Spring born steer calves from the Oklahoma State University Range Cow Research Center (n = 83, BW = 419 ± 31.9) of Angus ancestry were placed on feed at the Willard Sparks Beef Research Center on May 5, 2022, after grazing wheat pasture for 155 d. The steers were grouped based on Igenity ADG Score [low (1-4), medium (5-6), or high (7-10)] and Milk Score [low (1-5) or high (6-10)] based on the Igenity results. Steers were allocated into pens (n = 5 steers/pen) in heavy and light BW blocks. Steers were fed a step-up diet for 30 d before being switched to a finishing ration diet (8% prairie hay, 20% Sweet Bran and 62% dry-rolled corn). Cattle were fed ractopamine for 30 d before slaughter. The heavy block were on feed for 119 d, while the light block were on feed for 148 d. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design using the mixed procedure of SAS (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary NC) with pen as the experimental unit. Steers with high growth (HG) scores gained weight more rapidly during finishing and weighed more at slaughter than medium growth (MG) and low growth (LG; P &lt; 0.01); while steers with high milk (HM) gained faster (P &lt; 0.01) and tended (P = 0.06) to be heavier at slaughter than low milk (LM). Growth score was shown to have an effect on dry matter intake (P &lt; 0.01) with HG consuming more feed than MG or LG. Cattle with HM scores were less efficient than LM scores (P = 0.01), but there was no difference (P = 0.37) in feed efficiency due to ADG score. Those with high growth and milk scores had a higher average daily gain (P &lt; 0.01). These data indicate that Igenity ADG scores can be used to select cattle with higher performance and bodyweight at slaughter with no adverse effect on feed efficiency. Steers with higher Igenity Milk scores were less efficient than those with LM scores. Igenity Milk scores can be used to predict efficiency, according to these data.
162 The Effect of Innate Immune Receptor Activation on Differential Breed Responses toHaemonchus Contortus in Sheep
Authors: Johnson Samanthia R , Middleton Denzel D , Bowdridge Scott L , Greiner Scott P 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Previous studies have indicated the importance of Nod-like receptor pyrin containing domain 3 (NLRP3) to early immune response in St. Croix (STC) sheep. NLRP3 is important to Th2 immune response, which is the classical response to Haemonchus contortus larval antigen (HcLA). Th2 response is driven by interleukin (IL) -4 and IL-13 cytokine production and early production prevents parasite establishment and further resistance as seen in STC response to LPS, classical NLRP3 activation. Distinct differences have been seen in the structure of NLRP3 between both STC and SUF. STC upregulates inflammatory genes NLRP3, TLR4 and TLR2 in response to LPS, while SUF showed delayed responses leading to their susceptibility. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of NLRP3 in differential breed response, in the context of Hc infection. P Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from both SUF and STC were isolated and stimulated with HcLA antigen only, HcLA antigen in combination with pharmacological inhibitor of NLRP3 (MCC950) and complete media for 6 hours. Gene expression revealed that treatment with MCC950 upregulated TLR2 (P &lt; 0.001), TLR4 (P &lt; 0.001), STAT6 (P &lt; 0.001), IL-4 and IL-10 (P &lt; 0.001) in SUF PBMC while STC showed an increase in IL-1β (P &lt; 0.001). This indicates that inhibition of NLRP3 improves response of SUF to Hc antigen and confirms importance of NLRP3 to immune response in STC.
S1PR1-dependent migration of ILC3s from intestinal tissue to the heart in a mouse model of viral myocarditis
Authors: Tian Yu , Gong Xiangmei , Qin Demeng , Cao Yuwen , Zhang Shiqing , Xia Lin , Liu Fang , Su Zhaoliang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Type 3 innate lymphocytes have recently been reported as key factors in inflammatory diseases, but their role in viral myocarditis is unclear. By flow cytometry, coxsackievirus B3–induced myocarditis mice were detected to increase the number of type 3 innate lymphocytes, and their main type was NKp46+ type 3 innate lymphocytes. In contrast, application of CD90.2 neutralizing antibody in T-cell–deficient mice reduced the number of innate lymphocytes and improved myocarditis. Innate lymphocytes from CD45.1 mouse intestinal lamina propria lymphocytes were adoptively transferred into recipient mice, and a comparable proportion of CD45.1+ cells were observed in the hearts of coxsackievirus B3–infected recipient mice. The upregulation of S1PR1, KLF2, CXCR6, and CXCL16 in the hearts of coxsackievirus B3–infected mice, as well as the greatly reduced numbers of innate lymphocytes infiltrating the hearts after S1PR1 inhibition, suggests that intestinal innate lymphocytes may migrate to the hearts via the CXCL16/CXCR6 axis. Taken together, our results demonstrate that increased type 3 innate lymphocytes in the heart during viral myocarditis may contribute to inflammatory progression and that this increased population of type 3 innate lymphocytes likely originates from the intestine.