bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wild orangutans can simultaneously use two independent vocal sound sources similarly to songbirds and human beatboxers
Authors: Lameira Adriano R , Hardus Madeleine E 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Speech is among the most complex motoric tasks humans ever perform. Songbirds match this achievement during song production through the precise and simultaneous motor control of two sound sources in the syrinx. Integrated and intricate motor control has made songbirds comparative models par excellence for the evolution of speech, however, phylogenetic distance with humans prevents an improved understanding of the precursors that, within the human lineage, drove the emergence of advanced vocal motor control and speech. Here, we report two types of biphonic call combination in wild orangutans that articulatorily resemble human beatboxing and that result from the simultaneous exercise of two vocal sound sources: one unvoiced source achieved through articulatory maneuvering of the lips, tongue, and jaw as typically used for consonant-like call production, plus one voiced source achieved through laryngeal action and voice activation as typically used for vowel-like call production. Orangutan biphonic call combinations showcase unappreciated levels of, and distinct neuromotor channels for, vocal motor control in a wild great ape, providing a direct vocal motor analogy with birdsong based on the precise and simultaneous co-control of two sound sources. Findings suggest that speech and human vocal fluency likely built upon complex call combination, coordination and coarticulation capacities that involved vowel-like and consonant-like calls in an ancestral hominid.
Coproduction and Usability of a Smartphone App for Falls Reporting in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Wales Jill , Moore Jason , Naisby Jenni , Ratcliffe Natasha , Barry Gill , Amjad Annee , Godfrey Alan , Standerline Gerry , Webster Elaine , Morris Rosie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study was to coproduce a smart-phone application for digital falls reporting in people with Parkinson disease (PD) and to determine usability using an explanatory mixed-methods approach.

Methods
This study was undertaken in 3 phases. Phase 1 was the development phase, in which people with PD were recruited as co-researchers to the project. The researchers, alongside a project advisory group, coproduced the app over 6 months. Phase 2 was the implementation phase, in which 15 people with PD were invited to test the usability of the app. Phase 3 was the evaluation phase, in which usability was assessed using the systems usability scale by 2 focus groups with 10 people with PD from phase 2.

Results
A prototype was successfully developed by researchers and the project advisory group. The usability of the app was determined as good (75.8%) by people with PD when rating using the systems usability scale. Two focus groups (n = 5 per group) identified themes of 1) usability, 2) enhancing and understanding management of falls, and 3) recommendations and future developments.

Conclusions
A successful prototype of the iFall app was developed and deemed easy to use by people with PD. The iFall app has potential use as a self-management tool for people with PD alongside integration into clinical care and research studies.

Impact
This is the first digital outcome tool to offer reporting of falls and near-miss fall events. The app may benefit people with PD by supporting self-management, aiding clinical decisions in practice, and providing an accurate and reliable outcome measure for future research.

Lay Summary
A smartphone application designed in collaboration with people who have PD to record their falls was acceptable and easy to use by people with PD.
Approaches to Studying and Improving Social Motivation in Schizophrenia
Authors: Catalano Lauren T , Green Michael F 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Social motivation impairments, or “asociality,” have long been considered a core clinical feature of schizophrenia. Although the prevalence and pervasive negative impact of poor social motivation is well-documented, our understanding is limited regarding causal mechanisms. Advances in definition, conceptualization, and characterization are needed to inform research aimed at understanding these mechanisms and developing effective interventions. This theme issue is intended to accelerate efforts to study and treat social motivation in schizophrenia by synthesizing the current knowledge and providing new frameworks to guide future research in this area.
Thinking Outside the West: Religious Change from the Nation-State to the Global-Market Regime
Authors: Gauthier François 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article proposes to question the sociology of religion’s Western-centrism by taking a sidestep and looking at key religious changes in the non-Western world. It does so by examining religious change in Indonesia and China over the course of the last century. This exercise shows with some clarity that religion in these countries has gone through two radically different historical phases: a first in which religion (as all other social dimensions) was shaped by the nation-state (differentiated and “churched”) and a second in which consumerism and marketization appear as major forces behind bottom-up religious booms. The article argues that this shift in religious regimes can be generalized to global societies, including in the West, thereby significantly refreshing many ongoing debates and diagnoses and enabling a new appraisal of the limits of the “secularization” and “Rational Choice” narratives for understanding religion in the world today.
Functional response and resistance to drought in seedlings of six shrub species with contrasting leaf traits from the Mediterranean Basin and California
Authors: Parra Antonio , Pratt R Brandon , Jacobsen Anna L , Chamorro Daniel , Torres Iván , Moreno José M 
Published: June 2023

AbstractExtreme drought events during post-fire regeneration are becoming increasingly frequent in Mediterranean-type ecosystems. Understanding how plants with different traits and origins respond to such conditions during early life stages is therefore critical for assessing the effect of climate change. Here, seedlings of three Cistus (semi-deciduous malacophylls from the Mediterranean Basin) and three Ceanothus (evergreen sclerophylls from California) species, two post-fire seeder genera with contrasting leaf traits, were subjected to complete water deprivation for 3 months in a common garden experiment. The leaf and plant structure and plant tissue water relations were characterized before the drought, and the functional responses (water availability, gas exchange and fluorescence) were monitored during the drought. Both genera exhibited contrasting leaf structure and tissue water relations traits, with higher leaf area and specific leaf area as well as higher osmotic potential at maximum turgor and turgor loss point in Cistus than Ceanothus. During drought, Ceanothus showed a more conservative use of water than Cistus, with a water potential less sensitive to decreasing soil moisture and a strong decline in photosynthesis and stomatal conductance in response to water deficit, but also a level of fluorescence more responsive to drought than Cistus. However, we could not find a different degree of drought resistance between the genera. This was particularly clear between Cistus ladanifer L. and Ceanothus pauciflorus DC., the two most functionally contrasting species, but at the same time, the two most drought-resistant. Our findings demonstrate that species with different leaf traits and functional responses to water stress may not differ in their degree of drought resistance, at least during the seedling stage. This underlines the need to take general categorizations by genus or functional types with caution and to deepen our knowledge about the Mediterranean-type species ecophysiology, especially during early life stages, in order to anticipate their vulnerability to climate change.
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species modify extracellular vesicles secretion rate
Authors: Nørgård Mikkel Ø. , Lund Philip M. , Kalisi Nazmie , Andresen Thomas L. , Larsen Jannik B. , Vogel Stefan , Svenningsen Per 
Published: June 2023

AbstractExtracellular vesicle (EV) secretion rate is stimulated by hypoxia that causes increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) and hypoxia‐induced factor (HIF)‐1 signaling; however, their contribution to the increased EV secretion rate is unknown. We found that the EV marker secretion rate in our EV reporter cell line CD9truc‐EGFP was unaffected by the HIF‐1α stabilizer roxadustat; yet, ETC stimulation by dichloroacetic acid (DCA) significantly increased EV secretion. The DCA‐induced EV secretion was blocked by the antioxidant TEMPO and rotenone, an inhibitor of the ETC's Complex I. Under hypoxic conditions, the limited oxygen reduction impedes the ETC's Complex III. To mimic this, we inhibited Complex III with antimycin A, which increased ROS‐dependent EV secretion. The electron transport between Complex I and III is accomplished by coenzyme Q created by the mevalonate pathway and tyrosine metabolites. Blocking an early step in the mevalonate pathway using pitavastatin augmented the DCA‐induced EV secretion, and 4‐nitrobenzoate—an inhibitor of the condensation of the mevalonate pathway with tyrosine metabolites—increased ROS‐dependent EV secretion. Our findings indicate that hypoxia‐mimetics targeting the ETC modify EV secretion and that ROS produced by the ETC is a potent stimulus for EV secretion.
Verteporfin attenuates trauma‐induced heterotopic ossification of Achilles tendon by inhibiting osteogenesis and angiogenesis involvingYAP/β‐catenin signaling
Authors: Luo Gang , Sun Ziyang , Liu Hang , Yuan Zhengqiang , Wang Wei , Tu Bing , Li Juehong , Fan Cunyi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHeterotopic ossification occurs as a pathological ossification condition characterized by ectopic bone formation within soft tissues following trauma. Vascularization has long been established to fuel skeletal ossification during tissue development and regeneration. However, the feasibility of vascularization as a target of heterotopic ossification prevention remained to be further clarified. Here, we aimed to identify whether verteporfin as a widely used FDA‐approved anti‐vascularization drug could effectively inhibit trauma‐induced heterotopic ossification formation. In the current study, we found that verteporfin not only dose dependently inhibited the angiogenic activity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) but also the osteogenic differentiation of tendon stem cells (TDSCs). Moreover, YAP/β‐catenin signaling axis was downregulated by the verteporfin. Application of lithium chloride, an agonist of β‐catenin, recovered TDSCs osteogenesis and HUVECs angiogenesis that was inhibited by verteporfin. In vivo, verteporfin attenuated heterotopic ossification formation by decelerating osteogenesis and the vessels densely associated with osteoprogenitors formation, which could also be readily reversed by lithium chloride, as revealed by histological analysis and Micro‐CT scan in a murine burn/tenotomy model. Collectively, this study confirmed the therapeutic effect of verteporfin on angiogenesis and osteogenesis in trauma‐induced heterotopic ossification. Our study sheds light on the anti‐vascularization strategy with verteporfin as a candidate treatment for heterotopic ossification prevention.
A patient with rapidly growing axillary masses
Authors: Marshall Jurga , Bhave Priya , Bruza-Augatis Mirela , Fernandez Christine 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
About 85,000 melanomas are diagnosed every year in the United States, but only about 3.2% are diagnosed without a primary site. This article describes a patient who presented with two rapidly growing axillary masses and was found to have metastatic melanoma of the lymph nodes with no known primary site. Melanoma of unknown primary (MUP) site is staged either III or IV level. Management is determined in the same manner as stage-matched melanoma of known primary site.
Should direct oral anticoagulants be used to treat protein C or S deficiency?
Authors: Bennett Kiya K. , Schwier Nicholas C. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Few studies have evaluated the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in patients with major thrombophilias, such as protein C or S deficiency. The data related to use of DOACs in treating protein C or S deficiency are heterogeneous, consisting of various DOACs, inconsistent ranges of dosing, dissimilar patient demographics, and inconsistent clinical endpoints. Vitamin K antagonists and low-molecular-weight heparins are preferred until more robust data are available about using DOACs in patients with protein C or S deficiency.
Minimum 5-Year Results of Elongation Derotation Flexion Casting for Early Onset Scoliosis: The Story Is Not Over Until Skeletal Maturity
Authors: Regan Christina M. , Milbrandt Todd A. , Stans Anthony A. , Grigoriou Emmanouil , Larson A. Noelle 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Early conservative treatment for patients with idiopathic infantile scoliosis (IIS) with elongation derotation flexion (EDF) casting and subsequent serial bracing has become widely utilized. However, the long-term outcomes of patients treated with EDF casting are limited.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective chart review of all patients who had undergone serial elongation derotation flexion casting and subsequent bracing for scoliosis presenting at a single large tertiary center. All patients were followed for a minimum of 5 years or until surgical intervention.

Results:
Our study included 21 patients diagnosed with IIS and treated with EDF casting. At a mean 7-year follow-up, 13 of the 21 patients were considered successfully treated with a mean final major coronal curvature of 9 degrees compared to a pretreatment coronal curve of 36 degrees. These patients, on average, began casting at 1.3 years old and spent 1 year in a cast. Patients that did not have substantial improvement began casting at mean 4 years old and remained in a cast for 0.8 years. Three patients initially had substantial improvement with the correction to <20 degrees at a mean age of 7; however, their curves worsened in adolescence with poor brace compliance. All 3 patients will require surgical intervention. Of the patients not successfully treated with casting, 7 required surgery at a mean 8.2 years of age, 4.3 years after initiation of casting. A significant predictor of treatment failure was older age of cast initiation (P<0.001).

Conclusions:
EDF casting can be an effective cure for IIS patients if initiated at a young age with 15 of 21 patients successfully treated (76%). However, 3 patients had a recurrence in adolescence resulting in an overall success rate of only 62%. Casting should be initiated early to maximize the likelihood of treatment success and periodic monitoring should be continued through skeletal maturity as recurrence during adolescence can occur.
Organoids: approaches and utility in cancer research
Authors: Zhou Bingrui , Feng Zhiwei , Xu Jun , Xie Jun 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Organoids are three-dimensional cellular structures with self-organizing and self-differentiation capacities. They faithfully recapitulate structures and functions of in vivo organs as represented by functionality and microstructural definitions. Heterogeneity in in vitro disease modeling is one of the main reasons for anti-cancer therapy failures. Establishing a powerful model to represent tumor heterogeneity is crucial for elucidating tumor biology and developing effective therapeutic strategies. Tumor organoids can retain the original tumor heterogeneity and are commonly used to mimic the cancer microenvironment when co-cultured with fibroblasts and immune cells; therefore, considerable effort has been made recently to promote the use of this new technology from basic research to clinical studies in tumors. In combination with gene editing technology and microfluidic chip systems, engineered tumor organoids show promising abilities to recapitulate tumorigenesis and metastasis. In many studies, the responses of tumor organoids to various drugs have shown a positive correlation with patient responses. Owing to these consistent responses and personalized characteristics with patient data, tumor organoids show excellent potential for preclinical research. Here, we summarize the properties of different tumor models and review their current state and progress in tumor organoids. We further discuss the substantial challenges and prospects in the rapidly developing tumor organoid field.
Proficiency score as a predictor of early trifecta achievement during the learning curve of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy for high-risk prostate cancer: Results of a multicentric series
Authors: Anceschi Umberto , Flammia Rocco Simone , Tufano Antonio , Morelli Michele , Galfano Antonio , Luciani Lorenzo Giuseppe , Misuraca Leonardo , Dell’Oglio Paolo , Tuderti Gabriele , Brassetti Aldo , Ferriero Maria Consiglia , Bove Alfredo Maria , Mastroianni Riccardo , Prata Francesco , Sperduti Isabella , Petralia Giovanni , Secco Silvia , Di Trapani Ettore , Mattevi Daniele , Cai Tommaso , Bocciardi Aldo Massimo , Simone Giuseppe 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Recently, an innovative tool called “proficiency score” was introduced to assess the learning curve for robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). However, the initial study only focused on patients with low-risk prostate cancer for whom pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) was not required. To address this issue, we aimed to validate proficiency scores of a contemporary multicenter cohort of patients with high-risk prostate cancer treated with RARP plus extended PLND by trainee surgeons.

Material and methods
Between 2010 and 2020, 4 Italian institutional prostate-cancer datasets were merged and queried for “RARP” and “high-risk prostate cancer.” High-risk prostate cancer was defined according to the most recent European Association of Urology guidelines as follows: prostate-specific antigen >20 ng/mL, International Society of Urological Pathology ≥4, and/or clinical stage (cT) ≥ 2c on preoperative imaging. The selected cohort (n = 144) included clinical cases performed by trainee surgeons (n = 4) after completing their RARP learning curve (50 procedures for low-risk prostate cancer). The outcome of interest, the proficiency score, was defined as the coexistence of all the following criteria: a comparable operation time to the interquartile range of the mentor surgeon at each center, absence of any significant perioperative complications Clavien-Dindo Grade 3–5, no perioperative blood transfusions, and negative surgical margins. A logistic binary regression model was built to identify the predictors of 1-year trifecta achievement in the trainee cohort. For all statistical analyses, a 2-sided p < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results
A proficiency score was achieved in 42.3% patients. At univariable level, proficiency score was associated with 1-year trifecta achievement (odds ratio, 8.77; 95% confidence interval, 2.42–31.7; p = 0.001). After multivariable adjustments for age, nerve-sparing, and surgical technique, the proficiency score independently predicted 1-year trifecta achievement (odds ratio, 9.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.83–50.1; p = 0.007).

Conclusions
Our findings support the use of proficiency scores in patients and require extended PLND in addition to RARP.
Twelve Steps to Financial Freedom for Plastic Surgeons
Authors: Zelenova Kateryna , Raine Brielle , Chen Ricki , Williams Rachel E. , Davis Anna E. , Loree Thom , Burke Mark , Nagai Michael , Frey Jordan 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Financial stress and lack of financial well-being are significant contributors to physician burnout. Many trainees believe little can contribute to developing financial freedom during their training years. However, residency is a pivotal moment in a young attending’s life; strategic financial steps taken during this time can lead to a path of financial freedom and well-being for years to come.

Methods:
We introduce 12 effective financial steps physicians can take at the start of their careers. These essential steps were compiled both anecdotally and from published financial resources such as White Coat Investigator and the Millionaire Next Door. Steps include building your “why,” becoming financially educated, eliminating debt, attaining insurance, optimizing contracts, awareness of self-net worth, budgeting, maximizing investment strategies, smart investing, wise spending, K.I.S.S, and creating a personal financial plan.

Results:
As an example, an IRA is a retirement account set up by you, and to take advantage of the tax benefits, you must have a modified adjusted gross income of less than $124,000 as a single tax filer for 2022. Most physicians are compensated at a rate higher than this; however, there is a legal loophole to take advantage of to allow earners to still contribute to a Roth IRA that is discussed.

Conclusions:
Financial education is the first step toward a path to financial success in a young physician’s life. Implementation of these 12 financial steps early in a physician’s career will enrich one’s financial freedom and well-being.
Autologous Skin Grafts, versus Tissue-engineered Skin Constructs: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kianian Sara , Zhao Kelley , Kaur Jasleen , Lu Kimberly W. , Rathi Sourish , Ghosh Kanad , Rogoff Hunter , Hays Thomas R. , Park Jason , Rafailovich Miriam , Simon Marcia , Bui Duc T. , Khan Sami U. , Dagum Alexander B. , Singh Gurtej 
Published: June 2023

Background:
For over 100 years, autologous skin grafts have remained the gold standard for the reconstruction of wounds but are limited in availability. Acellular tissue-engineered skin constructs (acellular TCs) and cellular tissue-engineered skin constructs (cellular TCs) may address these limitations. This systematic review and meta-analysis compare outcomes between them.

Methods:
A systematic review was conducted using PRISMA guidelines, querying MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane to assess graft incorporation, failure, and wound healing. Case reports/series, reviews, in vitro/in vivo work, non-English articles or articles without full text were excluded.

Results:
Sixty-six articles encompassing 4076 patients were included. No significant differences were found between graft failure rates (P = 0.07) and mean difference of percent reepithelialization (p = 0.92) when split-thickness skin grafts were applied alone versus co-grafted with acellular TCs. Similar mean Vancouver Scar Scale was found for these two groups (p = 0.09). Twenty-one studies used at least one cellular TC. Weighted averages from pooled results did not reveal statistically significant differences in mean reepithelialization or failure rates for epidermal cellular TCs compared with split-thickness skin grafts (p = 0.55).

Conclusions:
This systematic review is the first to illustrate comparable functional and wound healing outcomes between split-thickness skin grafts alone and those co-grafted with acellular TCs. The use of cellular TCs seems promising from preliminary findings. However, these results are limited in clinical applicability due to the heterogeneity of study data, and further level 1 evidence is required to determine the safety and efficacy of these constructs.