bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying people requiring special care dentistry: A scoping review
Authors: Bogner Marie‐Sophie , Eschevins Caroline , Faulks Denise 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsThis scoping review aimed to document tools designed to identify persons requiring special care dentistry (SCD) and to provide a better understanding of the factors that justify adaptation in the provision of care.MethodsA scoping review methodology was applied. An electronic search was performed in April 2021 using Pubmed and Embase. Additional tools were sought using hand searches and informal professional networking.ResultsTen tools were identified that either predict the complexity of dental management or that retrospectively judge the complexity of care, of which two are as yet unpublished. Some had been developed for a specific population (e.g., patients with Alzheimer's disease, with learning disability, elderly persons) whilst others were applicable for any population (case mix tools). Factors considered included the patient's medical history, ability to cooperate, physical and cognitive autonomy, communication skills, anxiety, need for sedation, oral risk factors, ability to consent and the administrative burden for the dentist.ConclusionIdentifying persons requiring SCD is possible by looking at various factors that influence the provision of dental care. There may be need for adaptation of tools to local circumstances and to the intended usage of the tool at a health services, systems or policy level.
Clay minerals in soils and sediment as tracers of provenance: The case study of the N'fis watershed, Morocco
Authors: Gourfi Abdelali , Daoudi Lahcen , Daoud Najat Ben , Fagel Nathalie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractReservoir siltation remains a complex and challenging problem worldwide. Understanding the sources of sedimentation will be of great interest to preserving reservoir storage capacity as well as addressing land loss. This study selected the Takerkouste reservoir, at the outlet of the N'fis basin (High Atlas of Morocco). Four sediment cores and 30 soil samples were collected in the basin. Size distribution and mineralogy of soil and sediment samples were compared and used as tracers to identify the provenances of the sediments reaching the reservoirs from different tributaries. Results show that sediments in the Takerkouste reservoir are illite‐rich minerals with high crystallinity mainly originating from the erosion of schist formations situated in the northern part of the watershed. In parallel, mineralogy, illite crystallinity and chemistry indices of sediments in the reservoir indicate a change in sources because of the construction of a new dam upstream.
The control of collisional tectonics over valley morphology: the case of the largest glacier in the European Alps
Authors: Musso Piantelli Ferdinando , Truttmann Sandro , Herwegh Marco 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUnderstanding how bedrock properties influence the valley‐forming processes of Alpine landscapes is an outstanding challenge. A multi‐methodological approach was used to uniformly quantify fault frequency, orientation, and rock hardness of crystalline basement rocks to evaluate their impact on the erosional processes that shaped the valley of the Aletsch Glacier, Switzerland. We show how variations in fault frequency and orientations, imposed by the inherited collisional framework of the area, controls the local erodibility of the valley, affecting both hillslopes and channel erosion processes. Our results highlight how tectonic preconditioning exerts a first‐order control on the efficiency of erosion in the mountain chain, elucidating an integral link between deep‐seated collisional dynamics and surface‐based mountain shaping. Moreover, our results express the importance of a uniform, quantitative characterization of bedrock properties to comprehend the interaction and variability of erosional processes and hazards distributed within the valley systems.
SARS‐CoV‐2 seroprevalence among blood donors in Uganda: 2019–2022
Authors: Bloch Evan M. , Kyeyune Dorothy , White Jodie L. , Ddungu Henry , Ashokkumar Swetha , Habtehyimer Feben , Baker Owen , Kasirye Ronnie , Patel Eshan U. , Grabowski M. Kate , Musisi Ezra , Moses Khan , Hume Heather A. , Lubega Irene , Shrestha Ruchee , Motevalli Mahnaz , Fernandez Reinaldo E. , Reynolds Steven J. , Redd Andrew D. , Wambongo Musana Hellen , Dhabangi Aggrey , Ouma Joseph , Eroju Priscilla , de Lange Telsa , Fowler Mary Glenn , Musoke Philippa , Stramer Susan L. , Whitby Denise , Zimmerman Peter A. , McCullough Jeffrey , Sachithanandham Jaiprasath , Pekosz Andrew , Goodrich Raymond , Quinn Thomas C. , Ness Paul M. , Laeyendecker Oliver , Tobian Aaron A. R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe true burden of COVID‐19 in low‐ and middle‐income countries remains poorly characterized, especially in Africa. Even prior to the availability of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines, countries in Africa had lower numbers of reported COVID‐19 related hospitalizations and deaths than other regions globally.MethodsUgandan blood donors were evaluated between October 2019 and April 2022 for IgG antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid (N), spike (S), and five variants of the S protein using multiplexed electrochemiluminescence immunoassays (MesoScale Diagnostics, Rockville, MD). Seropositivity for N and S was assigned using manufacturer‐provided cutoffs and trends in seroprevalence were estimated by quarter. Statistically significant associations between N and S antibody seropositivity and donor characteristics in November–December 2021 were assessed by chi‐square tests.ResultsA total of 5393 blood unit samples from donors were evaluated. N and S seropositivity increased throughout the pandemic to 82.6% in January–April 2022. Among seropositive individuals, N and S antibody levels increased ≥9‐fold over the study period. In November–December 2021, seropositivity to N and S antibody was higher among repeat donors (61.3%) compared with new donors (55.1%; p = .043) and among donors from Kampala (capital city of Uganda) compared with rural regions (p = .007). Seropositivity to S antibody was significantly lower among HIV‐seropositive individuals (58.8% vs. 84.9%; p = .009).ConclusionsDespite previously reported low numbers of COVID‐19 cases and related deaths in Uganda, high SARS‐CoV‐2 seroprevalence and increasing antibody levels among blood donors indicated that the country experienced high levels of infection over the course of the pandemic.
Ripple effects in regional value chains: Evidence from an episode of the US–China trade war
Authors: Hayakawa Kazunobu , Pyun Ju Hyun , Yamashita Nobuaki , Yang Chih‐hai 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study empirically examines the ripple effect of demand shocks on upstream suppliers in regional value chains. Specifically, we investigate how changes in US imports from China alter China's imports of intermediate inputs in machinery industries from Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. The analysis of China's monthly imports from the three supplier economies during 2018–2019 finds that the decrease in China's output exports to the US caused by the Trump tariffs reduced China's input imports from supplier economies. Also, this adverse ripple effect was the most significant in Taiwan, where multinational enterprises use China as an export platform.
Accelerating Chemical Kinetics Calculations With Physics Informed Neural Networks
Authors: Almeldein Ahmed , Van Dam Noah 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Detailed chemical kinetics calculations can be very computationally expensive, and so various approaches have been used to speed up combustion calculations. Deep neural networks (DNNs) are one promising approach that has seen significant development recently. Standard DNNs, however, do not necessarily follow physical constraints such as conservation of mass. Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are a class of neural networks that have physical laws embedded within the training process to create networks that follow those physical laws. A new PINN-based DNN approach to chemical kinetics modeling has been developed to make sure mass fraction predictions adhere to the conservation of atomic species. The approach also utilizes a mixture-of-experts (MOE) architecture where the data is distributed on multiple subnetworks followed by a softmax selective layer. The MOE architecture allows the different subnetworks to specialize in different thermochemical regimes, such as early stage ignition reactions or post-flame equilibrium chemistry, then the softmax layer smoothly transitions between the subnetwork predictions. This modeling approach was applied to the prediction of methane-air combustion using the GRI-Mech 3.0 as the reference mechanism. The training database was composed of data from 0D ignition delay simulations under initial conditions of 0.2–50 bar pressure, 500–2000 K temperature, an equivalence ratio between 0 and 2, and an N2-dilution percentage of up to 50%. A wide variety of network sizes and architectures of between 3 and 20 subnetworks and 6,600 to 77,000 neurons were tested. The resulting networks were able to predict 0D combustion simulations with similar accuracy and atomic mass conservation as standard kinetics solvers while having a 10-50× speedup in online evaluation time using CPUs, and on average over 200× when using a GPU.
Clinical influence of exercise therapy on sarcopenia in patients with chronic pancreatitis: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Yoh Kazunori , Nishikawa Hiroki , Enomoto Hirayuki , Iwata Yoshinori , Ishii Akio , Yuri Yukihisa , Ishii Noriko , Miyamoto Yuho , Hasegawa Kunihiro , Nakano Chikage , Takata Ryo , Nishimura Takashi , Aizawa Nobuhiro , Sakai Yoshiyuki , Ikeda Naoto , Takashima Tomoyuki , Iijima Hiroko , Nishiguchi Shuhei 
Published: May 2023

Introduction and purposeChronic pancreatitis (CP) involves progressive inflammatory changes to the pancreas and can lead to permanent structural damage and impairment of both endocrine and exocrine functions. Current reports highlight a rise in the incidence and prevalence of CP. However, there is limited data currently available concerning patients with CP undergoing exercise therapy (ET). We aim to prospectively examine the influence of ET on sarcopenia in patients with CP.Methods and analysisA detailed evaluation of the nutritional condition and the daily physical activities of each participant will be conducted prior to entering the study. Our patients will be randomly allocated to either: (1) the ET group or (2) the control group. In the ET group, our patients with CP will receive nutritional guidance once a month. The patients with CP will also be instructed to perform exercises with >3 metabolic equivalents (mets; energy consumption in physical activities/resting metabolic rate) for 60 min/day and to perform exercises >23 mets/week. The primary end point will be an improvement in sarcopenia, defined as an increase in muscle mass and muscle strength, at 3 months postrandomisation. A comparison of the amelioration of sarcopenia in the two groups will be undertaken.Ethics and disseminationThe Institutional Review Board at Hyogo College of Medicine approved this study protocol (approval no. 2766). Final data will be publicly announced. A report releasing the study results will be submitted for publication to an appropriate journal.Trial registration numberUMIN000029263; Pre-results. No patient is registered at the submission of our manuscript.
HiatoGast 1: an exploring, semiblinded trial establishing a new endoscopical categorisation of axial hiatal hernias
Authors: Eckhardt Daniel , Engel Matthias A , Golcher Henriette , Krautz Christian , Grützmann Robert , Elshafei Moustafa 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionAxial hiatal hernias are a common incidental finding in endoscopical examinations, but reflux symptoms do not necessarily correspond to the presence of hiatal hernias. Diagnosing a reflux disease is difficult due to a leak of existing distinct criteria, especially in order to evaluate a surgical indication. Also a preoperative measurement of the hernia is necessary to choose between surgical options.Methods and analysisWe planned a semiblinded trial including a questionnaire and an oesophagogastroduodenoscopy afterwards. While the endoscopy is done, the hiatus oesophagi should be measured in inversion technique under maximum insufflation including length, width and herniated volume. A sample of 210 participants until December 2020 is determined to evaluate the primary endpoint: we look forward to evaluate the anatomical parameters of reflux and non-reflux participants.Ethics and DisseminationThe study has been approved by the local ethics committee on 12th February 2019, the data will bei published after closure of inclusion.Trial registration numberGerman Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00016863).
Evaluation of hospital readmission rates as a quality metric in adult cardiac surgery
Authors: Ebrahimian Shayan , Bakhtiyar Syed Shahyan , Verma Arjun , Williamson Catherine , Sakowitz Sara , Ali Konmal , Chervu Nikhil L , Sanaiha Yas , Benharash Peyman 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveTo assess the reliability of 30-day non-elective readmissions as a quality metric for adult cardiac surgery.BackgroundUnplanned readmissions is a quality metric for adult cardiac surgery. However, its reliability in benchmarking hospitals remains under-explored.MethodsAdults undergoing elective isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), surgical aortic valve replacement/repair (SAVR) or mitral valve replacement/repair (MVR) were tabulated from 2019 Nationwide Readmissions Database. Multi-level regressions were developed to model the likelihood of 30-day unplanned readmissions and major adverse events (MAE). Random intercepts were estimated, and associations between hospital-specific risk-adjusted rates of readmissions and were assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient (r).ResultsOf an estimated 86 024 patients meeting study criteria across 298 hospitals, 62.6% underwent CABG, 22.5% SAVR and 14.9% MVR. Unadjusted readmission rates following CABG, SAVR and MVR were 8.4%, 9.3% and 11.8%, respectively. Unadjusted MAE rates following CABG, SAVR and MVR were 35.1%, 32.3% and 37.0%, respectively. Following adjustment, interhospital differences accounted for 4.1% of explained variance in readmissions for CABG, 7.6% for SAVR and 10.0% for MVR. There was no association between readmission rates for CABG and SAVR (r=0.10, p=0.09) or SAVR and MVR (r=0.09, p=0.1). A weak association was noted between readmission rates for CABG and MVR (r=0.20, p<0.001). There was no significant association between readmission and MAE for CABG (r=0.06, p=0.2), SAVR (r=0.04, p=0.4) and MVR (r=−0.03, p=0.6).ConclusionOur findings suggest that readmissions following adult cardiac surgery may not be an ideal quality measure as hospital factors do not appear to influence this outcome.
Cell surface marker-based capture of neoantigen-reactive CD8+T-cell receptors from metastatic tumor digests
Authors: Chatani Praveen D , Lowery Frank J , Parikh Neilesh B , Hitscherich Kyle J , Yossef Rami , Hill Victoria , Gartner Jared J , Paria Biman , Florentin Maria , Ray Satyajit , Bera Alakesh , Parkhust Maria , Robbins Paul , Krishna Sri , Rosenberg Steven A 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundCellular immunotherapies using autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) can induce durable regression of epithelial cancers in selected patients with treatment-refractory metastatic disease. As the genetic engineering of T cells with tumor-reactive T-cell receptors (TCRs) comes to the forefront of clinical investigation, the rapid, scalable, and cost-effective detection of patient-specific neoantigen-reactive TIL remains a top priority.MethodsWe analyzed the single-cell transcriptomic states of 31 neoantigen-specific T-cell clonotypes to identify cell surface dysfunction markers that best identified the metastatic transcriptional states enriched with antitumor TIL. We developed an efficient method to capture neoantigen-reactive TCRs directly from resected human tumors based on cell surface co-expression of CD39, programmed cell death protein-1, and TIGIT dysfunction markers (CD8+TILTP).ResultsTILTPTCR isolation achieved a high degree of correlation with single-cell transcriptomic signatures that identify neoantigen-reactive TCRs, making it a cost-effective strategy using widely available resources. Reconstruction of additional TILTPTCRs from tumors identified known and novel antitumor TCRs, showing that at least 39.5% of TILTPTCRs are neoantigen-reactive or tumor-reactive. Despite their substantial enrichment for neoantigen-reactive TCR clonotypes, clonal dynamics of 24 unique antitumor TILTPclonotypes from four patients indicated that most in vitro expanded TILTPpopulations failed to demonstrate neoantigen reactivity, either by loss of neoantigen-reactive clones during TIL expansion, or through functional impairment during cognate neoantigen recognition.ConclusionsWhile direct usage of in vitro-expanded CD8+TILTPas a source for cellular therapy might be precluded by profound TIL dysfunction, isolating TILTPrepresents a streamlined effective approach to rapidly identify neoantigen-reactive TCRs to design engineered cellular immunotherapies against cancer.
Individual responses to the implementation of mandatory fitness testing within a fire department
Authors: Martin Joel , Toczko Michael , Lockie Robert G 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesTo examine the effects of implementing a consequential fitness assessment (pull-ups, curl-ups, push-ups, 3 min step test) in a fire department on an individual level.MethodsWe used a repeated-measures design to analyse fitness assessment data from 2019 to 2020 in Northern Virginia. A total of 631 professional firefighters completed the fitness assessment in both years. Repeated measures analysis of variances (ANOVAs) and multiple regression modelling were used to examine the effects of the fitness assessment and factors associated with changes in fitness, respectively.ResultsOverall all aspects of fitness improved over the first year of implementation with a majority of firefighters improved on all components of the fitness assessment except for pull-ups (16.1% improved). Greater levels of baseline fitness and being female were negatively associated with changes in all fitness measures. Older firefighters had smaller changes in pull-up, curl-up and push-up performance.ConclusionsDuring the first year of fitness assessment implementation, the fire department generally improved. The findings suggest that fire departments which enforce mandatory fitness assessments must establish policies for dealing with inadequate performance and offer resources to aid individual firefighters.
Real-world study of intranasal ketamine for use in patients with refractory chronic migraine: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Yuan Hsiangkuo , Natekar Aniket , Park Jade , Lauritsen Clinton G , Viscusi Eugene R , Marmura Michael J 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionSubanesthetic ketamine infusion has been used for managing refractory headache in inpatient or outpatient infusion settings. Intranasal ketamine may be an alternative option for outpatient care.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted at a single tertiary headache center to assess the clinical effectiveness and tolerability of intranasal ketamine in patients with refractory chronic migraine. Candidates who received intranasal ketamine between January 2019 and February 2020 were screened through an electronic medical record query. Manual chart reviews and structured telephone interviews were conducted on obtaining informed consent.ResultsOf 242 subjects screened, 169 (79.9% women) of median (IQR) age 44 (22) years were interviewed. They reported a median (IQR) of 30 (9) monthly headache days and tried 4 (1) classes of preventive medications. Overall, they used 6 (6) sprays per day, with a median (IQR) of spray use of 10 (11) days per month. Intranasal ketamine was reported as ‘very effective’ in 49.1% and the quality of life was considered ‘much better’ in 35.5%. At the time of the interview, 65.1% remained current intranasal ketamine users and 74.0% reported at least one adverse event.ConclusionIn this descriptive study, intranasal ketamine served as an acute treatment for refractory chronic migraine by reducing headache intensity and improving quality of life with relatively tolerable adverse events. Most patients found intranasal ketamine effective and continued to use it despite these adverse events. Given the potential for overuse, it should be reserved for those clearly in need of more effective rescue treatment with appropriate safety precautions. Well-designed prospective placebo-controlled trials are necessary to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of intranasal ketamine in patients with migraine.
Clinical, radiological and pathological features of anti-MDA5 antibody-associated interstitial lung disease
Authors: Chen Xixia , Jiang Wei , Jin Qiwen , Peng Qinglin , Zhang Lu , Lin Sang , Lu Xin , Liu Min , Wang Yuli , Song Aiping , Feng Ruie , Wang Guochun 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionTo investigate the clinical, radiographic and pathological features of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in patients with anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis (anti-MDA5+DM).MethodsWe retrospectively analysed the medical records of patients with anti-MDA5+DM who had undergone radiological examination, and lung histopathology was performed on 17 of them.ResultsThis study examined 329 patients with anti-MDA5+DM, of whom 308 (93.6%) were diagnosed with ILD and 177 (53.8%) exhibited rapidly progressive ILD (RPILD). The most common radiographic patterns were organising pneumonia (OP) (43.2%), non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) (26.4%) and NSIP+OP (18.5%). Histological analysis showed NSIP (41.2%) and NSIP+OP (47.1%) to be the predominant patterns. However, in the 17 patients who underwent lung histopathology, the coincidence rate between radiological and histopathological diagnoses was only 11.8%. Compared with patients without RPILD, those with RPILD showed a higher prevalence of NSIP+OP (26.6% vs 10.7%, p=0.001) and a lower prevalence of NSIP pattern (21.5% vs 37.4%, p=0.002) on high-resolution CT. Furthermore, patients with radiographic patterns of NSIP+OP or diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) had more risk factors for poor prognosis, with 12-month mortality rates of 45.9% and 100%, respectively.ConclusionsRPILD was commonly observed in patients with anti-MDA5+DM. OP was identified as the predominant radiographic pattern, which corresponded to a histopathological pattern of NSIP or NSIP+OP. Notably, patients exhibiting radiographic patterns of NSIP+OP or DAD were shown to have a poor prognosis.
Variation in the supercooling points of laboratory-reared Canadian Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae)
Authors: Yunik Matthew E.M. , Dergousoff Shaun J. , Chilton Neil B. 
Published: May 2023

The geographical range of the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say, 1821) in Canada is expanding northwards into areas where ticks experience colder temperatures during winter. Understanding the ability of D. variabilis to cope with freezing temperatures is important for determining what limits the distributional range of this species. In this study, the supercooling point (SCP = the sub-zero temperature at which freezing occurs) was measured for 318 laboratory-reared D. variabilis individuals (109 nymphs and 209 adults). These ticks were reared from questing adult ticks collected from an area adjacent to Blackstrap Provincial Park in Saskatchewan, Canada. The results showed that there was no relationship between the SCP and body weight of adult ticks, and no difference in the SCP of female and male ticks. However, the mean SCP of nymphs (−23.6 °C) was significantly lower than that of adults (−21.6 °C). The biological significance of this finding needs to be explored further given that D. variabilis larvae and adults are the primary overwintering stages at northern latitudes.