bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the First COVID-19 Pandemic Wave on Hospitalizations and Deaths Caused by Geriatric Syndromes in France: A Nationwide Study
Authors: Torres Marion J , Coste Joël , Canouï-Poitrine Florence , Pouchot Jacques , Rachas Antoine , Carcaillon-Bentata Laure 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe fear of contracting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the preventive measures taken during the health crisis affected both people’s lifestyles and the health system. This nationwide study aimed to investigate the impact of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitalizations and mortality related to geriatric syndromes (GS) in older adults in France.MethodsThe French National Health Data System was used to compare hospital admissions (excluding the main diagnosis of COVID-19) and mortality rates (using multiple-cause and initial-cause analyses, and both including or excluding confirmed/probable COVID-19) related to 10 different GS (dementia, other cognitive disorders and symptoms, delirium/disorientation, depression, undernutrition/malnutrition, dehydration, pressure ulcer, incontinence, fall/injury and femoral neck fracture) from January to September 2020 to rates observed in previous years. Analyses were stratified by age, sex, place of residence or place of death, and region.ResultsHospitalization rates for all GS decreased during the first lockdown compared to the same periods in 2017-19 (from −59% for incontinence to −13% for femoral neck fractures). A dose–response relationship was observed between reduced hospitalizations and COVID-19-related mortality rates. Conversely, for almost all GS studied, excess mortality without COVID-19 was observed during this lockdown compared to 2015-17 (from +74% for delirium/disorientation to +8% for fall/injury), especially in nursing homes and at home.ConclusionsIn France, during the first lockdown, a substantial decrease in hospitalizations for GS was accompanied by excess mortality. This decline in the use of services, which persisted beyond lockdown, may have a mid- and long-term impact on older adults’ health.
The Longitudinal Association Between Frailty, Cognition, and Quality of Life in Older Europeans
Authors: Hu Wei , Chu Jiadong , Zhu Yixian , Chen Xuanli , Sun Na , Han Qiang , Li Tongxing , Feng Zhaolong , He Qida , Wu Jun , Shen Yueping 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Evidence on the association between frailty and quality of life (QoL) is mostly limited to cross-sectional studies. Thus, the temporal order and potential mechanisms of this association are largely unknown. Our study examines both the directionality of this association and the role of cognition in this association in longitudinal data.

Methods
Cross-lagged panel models were employed to examine the temporal relationship between frailty and QoL, as well as cognition’s role among 19,649 older adults in Europe. Frailty, QoL, and cognition were assessed using the health deficit index, CASP-12, and 3 standard cognitive tests, respectively.

Results
We observed a bidirectional association between frailty and QoL and their dynamics. High initial levels of frailty predicted poorer QoL later and vice versa (β = −0.151 and −0.052, p &lt; .001). The early change in frailty predicted the late change in QoL, and vice versa (β = −0.093 and −0.061, p &lt; .001). Frailty or its early change drives this interrelationship. Cognition at Wave 5 partially mediated frailty’s effect at Wave 4 on QoL at Wave 6 (indirect effect: β = −0.005, 95% confidence interval = −0.006, −0.004).

Discussion
Our findings supported that early prevention of frailty and its risk factors may have more influential protective effects on later physical and mental health, as well as the need for ongoing screening for mental health in aging population. Also, the maintenance of good cognitive performance may help interrupt this possible vicious cycle linking frailty and QoL decline.
Suicide Risk Help-Seeking Among Middle- to Old-Age Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wang Xiaochuan , Beltran Susanny , Burns Rachael , Hamel Marie , Gray Sydney , Gryglewicz Kim 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSuicide has become a major public health concern worldwide and in the United States. Rates of suicide increase during the life course and are highest among middle- to old-age adults. Help-seeking represents a crucial coping mechanism that can mitigate suicide risk. Yet, less is known about suicide risk help-seeking, especially among these age groups. To address this knowledge gap, a systematic review of existing literature was performed to obtain a refined understanding of help-seeking for suicide risk among middle- to old-age adults.Research Design and MethodsUsing Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, electronic databases and key journals with suicide and/or gerontology focuses were searched to identify peer-reviewed publications in English between 2010 and 2020. A total of 4 732 unduplicated publications were screened for relevance based on titles and abstracts, of which 52 were reviewed in full text.ResultsTwenty-four articles met inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis. These articles discussed a range of topics, including the prevalence of service utilization, service use prior to a suicide death, and correlates of help-seeking. In general, the prevalence of service utilization was low and varied by suicidal history (eg, higher prevalence among individuals with a history of suicide attempts than those with suicide ideation only). Key facilitators (eg, current or history of suicidal thoughts, plans, or attempts) and barriers (eg, stigma) for service use and help-seeking were also identified.Discussion and ImplicationsFindings highlight the need for future studies and tailored services to improve age-appropriate and culturally responsive suicide prevention and intervention strategies for middle- to old-age adults.
POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF FOOD ON A NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM (DDS) TO DELIVER A THERAPEUTIC COMPOUND IN THE COLON
Authors: Lee Shaoying Nikki , Stork Cheryl , Razag Ghesal , Quintana Nelson , Wahl Chris , Singh Sharat 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The clinical remission rate in moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) has plateaued at ~15-20% despite the approval of multiple therapeutics. Research has shown that an inadequate amount of drug at the disease site in the colon may be responsible for limited clinical benefit. The Drug Delivery System (DDS) is an ingestible electronic targeted delivery device containing a localization system to autonomously identify colon entry based on gastrointestinal (GI) anatomy, independent of the variable GI physiological conditions, and deliver a bolus of a liquid drug formulation to the colon mucosa to improve efficacy and reduce systemic toxicity. In this study, we aim to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and functionality of the DDS devices in fasted and fed states in normal healthy volunteers (NHV).
NHV were enrolled and administered a single DDS device at each week in either the fasted state or in 1 of 3 possible fed schedules over ~ 4 weeks. Subjects were fasted overnight and were dosed in the morning (fasted schedule) or fasted overnight and consumed a light breakfast with equivalent calories and protein/fat content of egg-beater meal either immediately before administration of DDS device (fed schedule #1), 30 minutes post-dose (fed schedule #2), or 2 hours pre-dose (fed schedule #3). Devices were recovered from the feces, and data were extracted from the capsule to confirm the function of the colon entry call and activation of payload release.
A total of twelve NHV (N=12) were enrolled in this study. Eleven subjects completed all four fasted/fed dosing schedules over 4 weeks, while one subject was withdrawn due to non-compliance with device recovery. Overall, the DDS device was well-tolerated in all enrolled subjects with a total of 46 devices dosed in this study. Mild AEs were reported as possibly related to the device in two subjects, including vomiting (N=1) and nausea (N=1) following device administration which was resolved on the same day. No other device-related AEs were reported in this study.
Out of 44 devices administered to 11 subjects, 43 were successfully recovered, and device data was successfully recovered from 39 devices for device function evaluation. Thirty-nine devices for which data was recovered (100%) had successfully identified colon entry calls (S4) and activated H2 gas cells for delivery in all fasted/fed schedules (Table 1). Thirty-eight (38) out of 39 recovered devices (97.4%) had successfully activated the payload release function, and one did not (Table 1).
The results from this study demonstrated that the DDS device was well-tolerated and functioned as intended in NHV subjects in these four fasted/fed dosing schedules and confirmed that the potential food effect of a light breakfast meal on the device function of the DDS device is minimal.
EVALUATION OF CLINICAL VARIABLES, RADIOLOGICAL VISUAL ANALOG SCORING, AND RADIOMICS FEATURES ON CT ENTEROGRAPHY FOR CHARACTERIZING SEVERE INFLAMMATION AND FIBROSIS IN STRICTURING CROHN’S DISEASE
Authors: Sleiman Joseph , Chirra Prathyush , Gandhi Namita , Gordon Ilyssa , Viswanath Satish , Rieder Florian 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

PURPOSE
25% of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) develop severe stricturing disease which is non-responsive to standard-of-care medication. Early and non-invasive determination of the extent of inflammation and fibrosis within the stricture via CT enterography (CTE) could facilitate the selection of targeted therapy or earlier surgical resection to improve patient outcomes; but currently there is no validated and reliable approach for this differentiation. We present initial results for machine-reader evaluation of severe inflammation and fibrosis in CD strictures via quantitative radiomic features and expert radiologist scoring on CTE.

METHODS AND MATERIALS
IRB approved, retrospective, single center study. 100 patients (n=66 for discovery; n=34 for hold-out validation) confirmed with stricturing CD on histopathology and CTE within 15 weeks of surgery. Histopathological Stenosis Therapy & Research (STAR) scoring of specimens (range 0-100, scores &gt; 50 =severe) used as reference standard for inflammation and fibrosis each. An expert radiologist annotated the resected strictures on CTE and provided a global assessment of inflammation and chronic non-inflammatory findings (fibrosis) using a 0-100 visual analog score (VAS). Radiomics features to capture severe inflammation and fibrosis were separately extracted from the annotated strictures. Radiomics models and VAS scores evaluated against pathology-defined severe inflammation and fibrosis, via ROC analysis.

RESULTS
Two distinct sets of radiomic features capturing textural heterogeneity (patterns, wavelets, local entropy) within strictures were significantly associated (p&lt;0.01) with severe inflammation and severe fibrosis; across both discovery (AUC=0.69, 0.69) and hold-out validation (AUCs =0.72,0.67). Radiological VAS had an AUC=0.64 for identifying severe inflammation and AUC =0.62 for identifying severe fibrosis (Figure 1). Clinical variables including sex, age, Montreal classification and stricture type were not significantly associated with severe inflammation or fibrosis, across discovery and validation groups (Table 1).

CONCLUSIONS
Radiomic analysis shows improved performance in identifying severe inflammation and severe fibrosis in CD strictures on CTE compared to radiological visual assessment scoring. Supplementing radiological visual assessment with quantitative radiomics could enable more accurate phenotyping of CD strictures potentially improving outcomes by personalizing treatment pathways.
YIELD OF SERIAL TESTING FOR TUBERCULOSIS EXPOSURE IN THE STUDY OF A PROSPECTIVE ADULT RESEARCH COHORT WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES (SPARC IBD)
Authors: Lapp Sean , Bewtra Meena , Lewis James 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
More than 2 million Americans have Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), including Crohn’s Disease or Ulcerative Colitis. Although tuberculosis is uncommon in the United States, patients with IBD are at an increased risk for active tuberculosis infection due to the immunosuppressant therapies used to treat IBD. Due to this risk, testing for latent tuberculosis is recommended prior to and intermittently throughout administration of most IBD medications. The utility of this practice in a country with a low incidence and prevalence of tuberculosis is unknown. We aimed to determine the proportion of initial and subsequent tuberculosis tests that are positive, negative, or indeterminate.

METHODS
Data were acquired from SPARC IBD, a component of the Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation’s IBD Plexus research platform. SPARC IBD is a prospective cohort study conducted at 18 centers throughout the USA and includes more than 4,000 patients. Data are collected from SPARC IBD case report forms and the IBD Smartform, diagnoses, test results and prescriptions within the linked electronic medical records. Patients with one or more interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) test for latent tuberculosis were included in this study. The outcome investigated was a positive, negative, or indeterminate lab result. The proportion of positive and indeterminate tests were computed with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Fisher’s exact test was used to detect a change in positive test proportions following a negative test compared to initial lab results.

RESULTS
A total of 687 patients with one or more IGRA test were identified. The median age was 37 (IQR 27-50) with 54% female patients. Of the initial lab results, 644 tests were negative (93.7%, 95% CI, 91.7, 95.4), 37 were indeterminate (5.4%, 95% CI, 3.8, 7.3), and six were positive (0.9%, 95% CI, 0.3, 1.9). Following an initial negative result, 269 patients received a second test, of which five were positive (1.9%, 95% CI, 0.6, 4.3). Following two consecutive negative results, 142 patients received an additional IGRA test, of which one was positive (0.7%, 95% CI, 0.02, 3.9). The proportion of positive tests was not significantly lower following one negative (p = 0.20) or two consecutive negative tests (p &gt; 0.99).

POTENTIAL LIMITATIONS
Many patients only had one test for latent tuberculosis, and it is unclear if the initial IGRA labs in our dataset were their first latent tuberculosis tests.

CONCLUSIONS
Based on the findings of this study, there appears to be value in continued serial testing following a negative result even in the United States, despite the overall low incidence of tuberculosis.
ERGOGENIC AID USE IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE AND MEDICAL PROFESSIONAL COMFORTABILITY IN NUTRITIONAL EDUCATION
Authors: Diefendorf Caitlin , Blatter Michelle , Modiano Nir , Rdesinski Rebecca , Hunter Anna 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
There is concern for the lack of data regarding the efficacy and negative effects of ergogenic aids (sport supplements) in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). This is a prospective research project designed to determine which ergogenic aids are used in pediatric and young adult populations with IBD, the reasons patients use these products, and medical professional comfortability in discussing nutritional concerns with patients.

METHODS
IRB approval was granted by Oregon Health and Science University prior to patient recruitment. A survey was distributed to patients with IBD, ages 10-35. Recruitment occurred through MyChart. A second survey was distributed among medical students, residents, and fully trained professionals of the gastrointestinal healthcare team (fellows, physicians, dieticians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and gastrointestinal psychologists). Recruitment occurred via email. SPSS Statistics and RedCap were utilized for chi-square tests and logistic regression in determining significance. Patients were compensated for their participation with gift cards.

RESULTS
Patient total was n=124; Female 46%; Male 52%; Non-binary 2.1%; Crohn’s Diagnosis 69%; Ulcerative Colitis Diagnosis 31%. There was a significant difference in the number of patients who reported having used at least one ergogenic aid compared to none (n=77, 62%, p-value=&lt;0.001). Excluding caffeine, majority of respondents utilized at least one other ergogenic aid (n=69, 56%). Specific ergogenic aid usage is detailed in Figure 1. Reasons for choosing to use ergogenic aids are detailed in Figure 2.
Medical professional response total was n=157, medical students=93, residents=21, fully trained=43. Majority of medical professionals reported they had not received adequate nutritional training during their didactic curriculum (n=126, 80%) and would have preferred additional nutritional training during their didactic courses (n=135, 86%). Increased comfortability discussing nutrition with patients correlated with an increased level of professional training, p-value=&lt;0.001.

CONCLUSIONS
A statistically significant majority of surveyed IBD patients reported having used ergogenic aids (62%). The most utilized ergogenic aids are detailed in Figure 1. Primary reasons for using ergogenic aids are detailed in Figure 2. Majority of medical professionals reported they had not received adequate nutritional training during their medical school curriculum and were not comfortable discussing nutrition with their patients. This study highlights the prevalence of ergogenic aid usage among pediatric and young adult IBD patients, as well as the importance of improving both IBD patient and medical professional education regarding ergogenic aid safety and effectiveness. We are currently expanding to include a control of healthy patients, ages 10-35.
FOOD ACCESS AND MENTAL HEALTH IN PEDIATRIC INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
Authors: Zeky Nicole , LeBlanc Colleen , McDonough Elizabeth , Moulton Dedrick 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

PURPOSE
It has been estimated that about 25% of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are diagnosed before the age of 18. Food insecurity, limited or lack of access to enough food, has been associated with poor outcomes in childhood health including mental health problems. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) defines a food desert as a census tract that meets criteria for low access to a grocery store and low income. Depression and anxiety have been well documented in pediatric patients with IBD. Functional Disability Inventory (FDI) is a measure of limitations in both physical and psychosocial functioning secondary to physical health. Our hypothesis is that patients in low access areas to healthy food will have more evidence of depression, anxiety and higher disability scores.

METHODS
This study is a retrospective chart review of patients diagnosed with Crohn's Disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) between 2019 to 2022. Patient’s addresses were entered into the USDA food access atlas to determine if they lived in an area of low access. Psychology screening included depression screening (PHQ-9), anxiety screening (GAD-7), and functional disability inventory (FDI). Screening questionnaires including PHQ-9, GAD-7, FDI were completed if patients were 12 years of age or old. If 11 years of old or less, parents completed FDI screening forms.

RESULTS
Our study consisted of 57 patients with an average age of 12.8 years at diagnosis. Thirty-three patients (58%) were non-Hispanic white, 19 (33%) were African American, and 3 were Hispanic (5%). Depression screening was positive in 22 patients (48%) and anxiety screening was positive in 25 patients (60%). Of those living in low access areas, 45% met criteria for depression, 53% met criteria for anxiety. There were comparable rates of depression between the low access group compared to the adequate access group (45% vs 50%, respectively) and rates of anxiety (53% vs. 61%, respectively). Patients in areas of low access had higher disability scores (9.88±11.9) than those in adequate access (5.88±6.1). When considering those who lived in a food desert (11 total), 8 patients were African American, 2 were non-Hispanic white, and 1 was self-described as other. Patients in the food desert group had higher rates of depression (78%) and anxiety (70%) compared to the low access group. Patients in the food desert group had the highest FDI scores (12.7 ±9.7).

CONCLUSION
Pediatric IBD patients had higher rate of depression and anxiety; However, there was no relationship between food access and depression or anxiety. When considering those in a food desert, the rate of depression increased to 78% and anxiety increased to 70%. Patients living in a food desert had the highest FDI scores. More information is needed on how multiple psychosocial factors might affect depression in children with IBD.
AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY DEMONSTARTING THE MEASUREMENT, CHARACTERIZATION AND VALIDATION OF EXPRESSIONS OF CALPROTECTIN IN HUMAN SWEAT THROUGH A SWEAT WEARABLE
Authors: Prasad Shalini , Jagannath Badrinath , Lin Kai-chun , Muthukumar Sriram , Shahub Sarah , Sardesai Abha 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) comprising Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are typically characterized by chronic episodes of inflammation within and through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In many inflammatory conditions including IBD, Calprotectin (CP) is well-studied (systemic and fecal) and employed by clinicians due to assay stability and low cost to effectively guide diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. While, accessing fecal CP is non-invasive, there is significant resistance to continuous fecal CP testing from patient-use and patient enablement aspects due to the challenges is sample collection, hence there is a current unmet need to access CP in a completely non-invasive manner.

METHODS
The sweat sensor device and reference ELISA was used to investigate and quantify CP levels in sweat. The immunoassay on the sweat sensor was developed by immobilizing specific capture probe antibody to capture CP in sweat. The sensor response was measured using impedance spectroscopy. Sweat samples from seven healthy and one IBD subject were collected and correlation analysis between the sweat sensor device and ELISA was performed to evaluate CP levels in sweat.

RESULTS
The sweat sensor device demonstrated a wide dynamic range of 0.1- 10 μg/mL with a limit of detection of 0.1 μg/mL. The sensor was also specific to CP and demonstrated negligible to no response for non-specific inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein, interleukin-6. Excellent correlation was achieved between ELISA and the sweat sensor device with Pearson’s r&gt;0.95. Human subject studies demonstrated that elevated basal levels in IBD subject (500 ng/mL) as compared to healthy cohort (~ 350 ng/mL). Further, 3 times increase in CP levels was observed due to flare-up in the IBD subject with a mean concentration ~1300 ng/mL as compared to the basal levels.

CONCLUSION
This work is the first demonstration of CP in sweat. The pre-clinical results of elevated CP levels will be of significant interest to clinicians as it provides a non-invasive and non-intrusive tracking flare-ups in IBD patients and can aid in better management of the disease.