bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complexity parameters of solar-wind magnetic fluctuations at 1 AU during SC23 and SC24
Authors: Acosta-Tripailao B. , Pastén Denisse , Moya Pablo S. 
Published: January 2023

Context. The solar wind develops a highly turbulent character during its expansion, where plasma and electromagnetic fluctuations coexist. Considering the presence of turbulence in the plasma as a complex system, the turbulence in the solar wind in general has been measured and studied using different techniques from a systems science point of view. These techniques provide the opportunity to obtain preliminary information even before much of the physics can be assimilated and integrated.
Aims. We describe this plasma as a complex system in order to understand solar wind dynamics from a new perspective. Several missions provide a wide range of data concerning critical astrophysical phenomena. This poses a challenge to implement new effective methods to complement the characterization of the constantly new, and sometimes highly reduced information, especially when dealing with observational data with intermittent gaps.
Methods. We work with magnetic fluctuation time series data obtained from the Wind mission at 1 AU in order to characterize the fast and slow solar wind behavior during solar cycles 23 (SC23) and 24 (SC24). We applied the horizontal visibility graph (HVG) method to obtain the evolution of measurements of Kullback-Leibler divergence (KLD), D, and the characteristic exponent, γ, over time. Both are complexity parameters extracted from the degree distributions of the networks.
Results. By contrasting our complexity parameters, γ and D, with solar activity characterized by the number of sunspots and solar wind speed, we obtain significant intercorrelations among them during both cycles and ascending, descending, minimum, and maximum phases. According to γ values, the magnetic fluctuations of the solar wind are a correlated stochastic time series at 1 AU. Also, the divergence D recognizes SC23 as the most dissipative and identifies the slow wind as more variable than the fast wind, with a better anti-correlation in the minima phases. This study reveals that in terms of solar phases γmin > γdes > γasc > γmax, and Dmin < Ddes < Dasc < Dmax. We show that the HVG technique leads to results that are consistent with the complex nature of solar wind turbulence.
Clinical Assessment for Lower Eyelid Blepharoplasty with Attention on Negative Prognostic Indicators
Authors: Vroegop Anneclaire V. , Faris Callum 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the present report, a comprehensive approach on the assessment of the lower eyelid for blepharoplasty is provided. Important items such as anatomical key areas and surgical factors are discussed. Proper management of lower eyelid deformities requires an understanding of both intrinsic and extrinsic anatomical factors resulting in the unfavorable outcome.
Time series transcriptome analysis implicates the circadian clock in the
Drosophila melanogaster
female’s response to sex peptide
Authors: Delbare Sofie Y. N. , Venkatraman Sara , Scuderi Kate , Wells Martin T. , Wolfner Mariana F. , Basu Sumanta , Clark Andrew G. 
Published: January 2023

Sex peptide (SP), a seminal fluid protein of
Drosophila melanogaster
males, has been described as driving a virgin-to-mated switch in females, through eliciting an array of responses including increased egg laying, activity, and food intake and a decreased remating rate. While it is known that SP achieves this, at least in part, by altering neuronal signaling in females, the genetic architecture and temporal dynamics of the female’s response to SP remain elusive. We used a high-resolution time series RNA-sequencing dataset of female heads at 10 time points within the first 24 h after mating to learn about the genetic architecture, at the gene and exon levels, of the female’s response to SP. We find that SP is not essential to trigger early aspects of a virgin-to-mated transcriptional switch, which includes changes in a metabolic gene regulatory network. However, SP is needed to maintain and diversify metabolic changes and to trigger changes in a neuronal gene regulatory network. We further find that SP alters rhythmic gene expression in females and suggests that SP’s disruption of the female’s circadian rhythm might be key to its widespread effects.
Politeness in Catalan Sign Language (LSC)
Authors: Moya-Avilés Berta , Barberà Gemma , Bach Carme 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper focuses on politeness in Catalan Sign Language (LSC), concretely on criticisms. The main goal is to analyze linguistic mitigation, specifically through the discourse strategy that consists of expressions for restricting opinions. The data comes from a TV show in LSC, which features real and spontaneous productions of Deaf adult signers. The results show the existence of three different strategies: lexical units that work as hedges of subjectivization, the use of the first-person pronoun to emphasize the personal point of view, and the use of the vertical palm sign with a mitigating function. Moreover, particular non-manual markers are also involved, namely, shrugs, head tilts or raised eyebrows, which work at the prosodic and pragmatic level for mitigation purposes.
Multimodality and subtitles
Authors: Claudel Chantal 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This article examines, in a corpus of eight mainstream Japanese films with French subtitles, the forms of realization of certain im/polite Japanese multimodal behaviors (verbal rituals, kneeling, bowing, clothing, deferential vs casual attitude), and also the impact of the contextual environment on the choices made by the subtitlers. It shows the importance of multimodality for the non-Japanese spectator who, due to a non-overlap between the formulas of each language and/or in the absence of subtitles, can rely on these nonverbal and situational elements to re-establish the gap between the source language-culture and the target language-culture, to interpret the degree of deference that exists between the characters and/or to imagine the forms of realization of the asymmetry of the relationships.
A regularization method based on level-sets for the problem of crack detection from electrical measurements
Authors: De Cezaro A , Hafemann E , Leitão A , Osses A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We investigate regularization methods for solving the problem of crack detection in bounded planar domains from electrical measurements on the boundary. Based on the multiple level-set approach introduced in Álvarez et al (2009 J. Comput. Phys.
228 5710–21) and on the regularization strategy devised in De Cezaro et al (2009 Inverse Problems
25 035004), we propose a Tikhonov type method for stabilizing the inverse problem. Convergence and stability results for this Tikhonov method are proven. An iterative method of (multiple) level-set type is derived from the optimality conditions for the Tikhonov functional, and a relation between this method and the iterated Tikhonov method is established. The proposed level-set method is tested on the same benchmark problem considered in Álvarez et al (2009 J. Comput. Phys.
228 5710–21). The numerical experiments demonstrate its ability to identify cracks in different scenarios with high accuracy even in the presence of noise.
Ultralow voltage (1 μV) electrical switching of SnS thin films driven by a vertical electric field
Authors: Dragoman Mircea , Dragoman Daniela , Dinescu Adrian , Avram Andrei , Vulpe Silviu , Aldrigo Martino , Braniste Tudor , Suman Victor , Rusu Emil , Tiginyanu Ion 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we show in a series of experiments on 10 nm thick SnS thin film-based back-gate transistors that in the absence of the gate voltage, the drain current versus drain voltage (I
D–V
D) dependence is characterized by a weak drain current and by an ambipolar transport mechanism. When we apply a gate voltage as low as 1 μV, the current increases by several orders of magnitude and the I
D–V
D dependence changes drastically, with the SnS behaving as a p-type semiconductor. This happens because the current flows from the source (S) to the drain (D) electrode through a discontinuous superficial region of the SnS film when no gate voltage is applied. On the contrary, when minute gate voltages are applied, the vertical electric field applied to the multilayer SnS induces a change in the flow path of the charge carriers, involving the inner and continuous SnS layer in the electrical conduction. Moreover, we show that high gate voltages can tune significantly the SnS bandgap.
Dosimetric delivery validation of dynamically collimated pencil beam scanning proton therapy
Authors: Nelson Nicholas P , Culberson Wesley S , Hyer Daniel E , Geoghegan Theodore J , Patwardhan Kaustubh A , Smith Blake R , Flynn Ryan T , Yu Jen , Gutiérrez Alonso N , Hill Patrick M 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective. Pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy target dose conformity can be improved with energy layer-specific collimation. One such collimator is the dynamic collimation system (DCS), which consists of four nickel trimmer blades that intercept the scanning beam as it approaches the lateral extent of the target. While the dosimetric benefits of the DCS have been demonstrated through computational treatment planning studies, there has yet to be experimental verification of these benefits for composite multi-energy layer fields. The objective of this work is to dosimetrically characterize and experimentally validate the delivery of dynamically collimated proton therapy with the DCS equipped to a clinical PBS system. Approach. Optimized single field, uniform dose treatment plans for 3 × 3 × 3 cm3 target volumes were generated using Monte Carlo dose calculations with depths ranging from 5 to 15 cm, trimmer-to-surface distances ranging from 5 to 18.15 cm, with and without a 4 cm thick polyethylene range shifter. Treatment plans were then delivered to a water phantom using a prototype DCS and an IBA dedicated nozzle system and measured with a Zebra multilayer ionization chamber, a MatriXX PT ionization chamber array, and Gafchromic™ EBT3 film. Main results. For measurements made within the SOBPs, average 2D gamma pass rates exceeded 98.5% for the MatriXX PT and 96.5% for film at the 2%/2 mm criterion across all measured uncollimated and collimated plans, respectively. For verification of the penumbra width reduction with collimation, film agreed with Monte Carlo with differences within 0.3 mm on average compared to 0.9 mm for the MatriXX PT. Significance. We have experimentally verified the delivery of DCS-collimated fields using a clinical PBS system and commonly available dosimeters and have also identified potential weaknesses for dosimeters subject to steep dose gradients.
Low-loss, broadband MMI coupler based on thin film lithium niobate platform
Authors: Li Mengyuan , Rao Lan , He Xiaoying , Tian Feng , Pan Xiaolong , Xin Xiangjun 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A low-loss broadband power splitter based on X-cut lithium niobate is proposed by utilizing the multimode interference coupler with a shallow-etched slot, wedge-shaped structure and SiO2 cladding. The multimode waveguide with a shallow-etch slot could reduce the sensitivity of multi-mode region on the wavelength and reach to high-quality imaging requirements. Results show that there is an excess loss around 0.01 dB at the operation wavelength of 1550 nm, a broad operation bandwidth of ∼ 1314 nm and large tolerance in the shallow-etching. Additionally, our proposed device has been compared with the published and conventional multimode interference coupler for presenting good low-loss and broad bandwidth.
Positron annihilation studies of methylammonium lead bromide perovskite
Authors: Moshat Sudipta , Ray Partha Pratim , Sil Sayantan , Dhar Joydeep , Sanyal Dirtha 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Methylammonium lead halide-based perovskite has shown excellent optoelectronic properties. But their performances and stability are critically affected by the ionic defects present in the crystal lattice. In this article, we have investigated the presence of ionic vacancy mediated defects formation in ball mill ground methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) which has applications in tandem solar cell, light emitting diodes and laser devices. The evaluation of those point defects with temperature was analysed by employing the positron annihilation spectroscopic (PAS) studies. The phase transition from tetragonal to cubic phases around 260 K was exactly correlated with the temperature-dependent ‘S parameter’ determination from PAS analysis and with dc conductivity measurement. From coincidence Doppler broadening (CDB) spectroscopy significant proportion of defects arising from lead vacancy was observed whose magnitude reduces from the low-temperature tetragonal phase to higher temperature cubic phases.
Non-singular bouncing model in energy momentum squared gravity
Authors: Yousaf Z , Bhatti M Z , Aman H , Sahoo P K 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This work is concerned to study the bouncing nature of the Universe for an isotropic configuration of fluid



α
β

and Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker metric scheme. This work is carried out under the novel

f
(

,



α
β



α
β

)

gravitation by assuming a specific model i.e.

f
(

,



2

)

=


+
α



2

+

2
λ



2

with α and λ are constants, serving as free parameters. The terms



and



2

served as an Gauss-Bonnet invariant and square of the energy-momentum trace term as an inclusion in the gravitational action respectively, and is proportional to



2

=



α
β



α
β

. A specific functional form of the Hubble parameter is taken to provide the evolution of cosmographic parameters. A well known equation of state parameter,

ω
(
t
)
=
−

k
log
(
t
+
ϵ
)

t

−
1

is used to represent the dynamical behavior of energy density, matter pressure and energy conditions. A detailed graphical analysis is also provided to review the bounce. Furthermore, all free parameters are set in a way, to make the supposed Hubble parameter act as the bouncing solution and ensure the viability of energy conditions. Conclusively, all necessary conditions for a bouncing model are checked.
Estimation of laser light propagation in biological tissue during laser-tissue bonding using Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Alam Zoya , Poddar Raju 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Monte Carlo simulations are an elementary approach towards modeling light propagation in tissues. The detection of subsurface temperature in tissues during laser mediated therapies and microsurgeries is crucial for estimating associated thermal damage. MC simulation provides with the possibility to optimize the process. The approach has been used to model light propagation, associated energy deposition, and the temperature distribution inside the tissue. Understanding the extent of laser light transmittance and heat distribution within the tissue is crucial for minimizing damage to the adjacent biological tissues. The total photon weight absorbed estimates the total heat distribution within the volume. A three-layer heterogeneous tissue was specified consisting of only the epidermis, dermis, and the subcutaneous fat tissue. The hop, drop, and spin trail of photons depends on the optical properties of these layers. The energy deposition and temperature distribution estimation are obtained by the MC simulation method. A real-time measurement of the temperature profile was also performed. The experimental results were in close congruence with the simulation result. The simulation results show good reproducibility of the real temperature distribution. Monte Carlo method can, thereby, be used in estimation and optimization laser induced processes.
Evaluation and optimization of geometry parameters of GAGG scintillator-based Compton Camera for medical imaging by Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Zarei H. , Razaghi S. , Nagao Y. , Itoh M. , Yamaguchi M. , Kawachi N. , Ay M.R. , Watabe H. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In nuclear medicine, the development of portable imaging
devices that provide high imaging resolution and sensitivity,
capable of imaging gamma rays with a wide energy range and multiple
radioisotopes tracing capabilities, is so important. These goals
have been possible thanks to developing a compact Compton camera, a
collimatorless detector coupled to compact silicon
photomultiplier(SiPM) array, using scintillator crystal. In this
study, the portable segmented GAGG:Ce scintillator-based Compton
camera (CC) is optimized with the GATE, a Monte Carlo simulation
toolkit based on Geant4, to maximize its performance for a wide
range of gamma-ray energy (364–1000 keV). The geometrical
parameters are selected as optimization parameters to investigate
their effects on CC's performance, including imaging resolution and
absolute detection efficiency (DE
a
). The geometry parameters of
CC include the planner area of scatterer and absorber detectors,
their thicknesses, and the distance between them. The results for
the energy range of 364–1000 keV show that the most important
contributions to the spatial resolution and DE
a
of the camera
are SAD (scatterer to absorber distance) and the scatterer area
while changing absorber area (AA
) showed the most negligible
impact. In the short SADs, imaging resolution and DE
a
are
significantly affected by the detector's size and thickness. On the
other hand, in the long SADs (> 4 cm), both spatial resolution and
DE
a
are significantly affected by the detector's area but less
affected by the detector's thickness. Decreasing the scatterer's
thickness and the absorber's size or thickness improves imaging
resolution without significantly reducing DE
a
. The simulation
study's findings presented here will provide valuable guidelines for
researchers choosing a desired CC's design according to particular
objectives, manufacturing limitations in scintillator growth, cost,
etc.
Simulation study for an in-situ calibration system for the measurement of the snow accumulation and the index-of-refraction profile for radio neutrino detectors
Authors: Beise J. , Glaser C. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Sensitivity to ultra-high-energy neutrinos (E > 17 eV) can
be obtained cost-efficiently by exploiting the Askaryan effect in
ice, where a particle cascade induced by the neutrino interaction
produces coherent radio emission that can be picked up by
antennas. As the near-surface ice properties change rapidly within
the upper 𝒪(100 m), a good understanding of the
ice properties is required to reconstruct the neutrino
properties. In particular, continuous monitoring of the snow
accumulation (which changes the depth of the antennas) and the
index-of-refraction n(z) profile are crucial for an accurate
determination of the neutrino's direction and energy. We present an
in-situ calibration system that extends the radio detector station
with two radio emitters to continuously monitor the firn properties
within the upper 40 m by measuring the time differences between
direct and reflected (off the surface) signals (D'n'R). We determine
the optimal positions of two transmitters at all three sites of
current and future in-ice radio detectors: Greenland, Moore's Bay,
and the South Pole. For the South Pole we find that the snow
accumulation Δh can be measured with a resolution of 3 mm
and the parameters of an exponential n(z) profile α and
z
0 with 0.04% and 0.14% precision respectively, which
constitutes an improvement of more than a factor of 10 as compared
to the inference of the n(z) profile from density measurements.
Additionally, as this technique is based on the measurement of the
signal propagation times we are not bound to the conversion of
density to index-of-refraction. We quantify the impact of these ice
uncertainties on the reconstruction of the neutrino vertex,
direction, and energy and find that the calibration device measures
the ice properties to sufficient precision to have negligible
influence.
Potentially underestimated gas flaring activities—a new approach to detect combustion using machine learning and NASA’s Black Marble product suite
Authors: Chakraborty Srija , Oda Tomohiro , Kalb Virginia L , Wang Zhuosen , Román Miguel O 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Monitoring changes in greenhouse gas (GHG) emission is critical for assessing climate mitigation efforts towards the Paris Agreement goal. A crucial aspect of science-based GHG monitoring is to provide objective information for quality assurance and uncertainty assessment of the reported emissions. Emission estimates from combustion events (gas flaring and biomass burning) are often calculated based on activity data (AD) from satellite observations, such as those detected from the visible infrared imaging radiometer suite (VIIRS) onboard the Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20 satellites. These estimates are often incorporated into carbon models for calculating emissions and removals. Consequently, errors and uncertainties associated with AD propagate into these models and impact emission estimates. Deriving uncertainty of AD is therefore crucial for transparency of emission estimates but remains a challenge due to the lack of evaluation data or alternate estimates. This work proposes a new approach using machine learning (ML) for combustion detection from NASA’s Black Marble product suite and explores the assessment of potential uncertainties through comparison with existing detections. We jointly characterize combustion using thermal and light emission signals, with the latter improving detection of probable weaker combustion with less distinct thermal signatures. Being methodologically independent, the differences in ML-derived estimates with existing approaches can indicate the potential uncertainties in detection. The approach was applied to detect gas flares over the Eagle Ford Shale, Texas. We analyzed the spatio-temporal variations in detections and found that approximately 79.04% and 72.14% of the light emission-based detections are missed by ML-derived detections from VIIRS thermal bands and existing datasets, respectively. This improvement in combustion detection and scope for uncertainty assessment is essential for comprehensive monitoring of resulting emissions and we discuss the steps for extending this globally.
A declining trend of methane emissions in the Los Angeles basin from 2015 to 2020
Authors: Yadav Vineet , Verhulst Kristal , Duren Riley , Thorpe Andrew , Kim Jooil , Keeling Ralph , Weiss Ray , Cusworth Dan , Mountain Marikate , Miller Charles , Whetstone James 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Los Angeles (LA) basin was responsible for approximately 20% of California’s methane emissions in 2016. Hence, curtailment of these emissions is required to meet California’s greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets. However, effective mitigation remains challenging in the presence of diverse methane sources like oil and gas production fields, refineries, landfills, wastewater treatment facilities, and natural gas infrastructure. In this study, we study the temporal variability in the surface concentrations from February 2015 to April 2022 to detect a declining trend in methane emissions. We quantify the reduction due to this declining trend through inverse modeling and show that methane emissions in the LA basin have declined by 15 Gg, or ∼7% over five years from January 2015 to May 2020.