bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing China REACH and the Jamaica Home Visiting Program
Authors: Zhou Jin , Heckman James J. , Liu Bei , Lu Mai , Chang Susan M. , Grantham-McGregor Sally 
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVES
Delayed child skill development is a common phenomenon in low- and middle-income countries. Effective and low-cost strategies suitable for application to less-developed countries are needed. We summarize empirical findings from recent papers that study a replication of the Jamaica Reach Up and Learn home visiting program in China, China REACH, and compare child skill growth profiles in the China Reach Up and Jamaica interventions.

METHODS
Different interventions often use different measures for assessing early childhood skill development. To estimate the growth of underlying skills across programs, we address the challenge that different programs use different assessments. We use a modified version of the Rasch model to anchor scores on common items to estimate skill development.

RESULTS
Language skill growth curves are comparable for both interventions. This pattern is consistent for the treatment and control groups across the interventions. Skill growth curves are not statistically significantly different between China REACH and Jamaican interventions. We find evidence of the importance of early investment.

CONCLUSIONS
The China REACH intervention significantly improves the development of multiple skills. At the same ages, treatment effect sizes and skill growth curves are comparable across the Jamaica and China REACH interventions, despite differences in scale and cultural settings. The scale of the program is much greater in China than in Jamaica, showing that the Jamaican curriculum can be effectively expanded to larger populations. Annual costs per child are roughly $500 (2015 US dollars).
Loteamentos fechados em Itupeva-SP: uma forma de morar em expansão
Authors: Macedo Adilson Costa , Sigolo Leticia Moreira , Imbronito Maria Isabel , Silva Sandra Pinheiro da 
Published: May 2023

Desde os anos 1990, assiste-se à proliferação de loteamentos residenciais fechados em diversas cidades brasileiras. A partir de um levantamento quantitativo e qualitativo dos loteamentos fechados em Itupeva-SP, buscou-se consolidar um estudo sobre o modelo de desenvolvimento urbano disperso, em ascensão neste município, caracterizado pela crescente presença de loteamentos fechados e pela progressiva ampliação de seu perímetro urbano. À luz deste processo em curso, pretende-se contribuir para a reflexão sobre a dinâmica do crescimento urbano segregado, o desenvolvimento destes loteamentos fechados e sua integração com a malha urbana. A metodologia empregada consiste em levantamento de dados fornecidos pela prefeitura de Itupeva e por loteamentos; visita técnica aos locais de estudo; revisão da legislação que incide sobre o fenômeno; identificação, mapeamento e caracterização dos vetores da expansão urbana de Itupeva que concentram os loteamentos, que foram, neste trabalho, denominados setores. Com o objetivo de compreender os impactos urbanísticos positivos e negativos desse fenômeno, buscou-se construir um panorama da presença destes loteamentos em Itupeva e aferir seu impacto nas questões de transporte público e infraestrutura urbana.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Loteamento residencial fechado; legislação de parcelamento do solo; impactos urbanísticos e ambientais; Itupeva/SP.
A journey through pedestrian mobility and the sustainable city: discussing walkability
Authors: Carvalho Gabriel Lincoln Lopes , Silva Emmanoel Marques da , Silveira José Augusto Ribeiro da , Canova César Renato , Negrão Ana Gomes 
Published: May 2023

The form of the built environment, walkability, and society are directly related, being points that influence not only mobility but several structural areas of a city, ranging from its social dynamics as well as the health of individuals, local and global politics, economy, comfort, safety, the identity of spaces, attractiveness and several other influencing factors. The perception of passers-by is influenced by several aspects, such as lighting, sense of safety, the width of sidewalks, attractiveness of facades and of the public space itself, as well as the potential of the space to promote social interaction, which is one of the essential focuses of contemporary urban planning. This research has the general objective of listing the essential factors when analyzing the walkability of spaces, discussing the aspects of the form of the built environment that favors walkability, thus expressing concepts, indexes, methods, and studies that enable and contextualize pedestrian mobility and its relationship with users, urban form and its potentials. As a methodological contribution, bibliographic review research was used, using studies already done in the thematic axes to systematize and generate the result that meets the objectives of the work. Therefore, a dynamic portrait was obtained concerning walkability and its multisystemic relations with the city, as well as applications in techniques and methods of urban studies.
Lesão de septo nasal em recém-nascidos hospitalizados: estudo descritivo exploratório
Authors: Grebinski Ana Tamara Kolecha Giordani , Silva Cristiane Cosmo da , Tonial Daniela Aparecida , Zilly Adriana , Silva Rosane Meire Munhak da 
Published: May 2023

Objetivo: Identificar recém-nascidos que apresentaram lesão de septo nasal em uso de Ventilação Não Invasiva, descrever os fatores relacionados e o tratamento utilizado. Método: Pesquisa descritiva, exploratória, com coleta de dados documental entre janeiro/2020 a dezembro/2021, por meio de um instrumento estruturado, com análise dos resultados por estatística descritiva. Resultados: A incidência de lesão de septo nasal foi 19,0%. O Estágio da lesão mais frequente foi I, tratado com Askina spray + rodízio de prongas, seguida de Hidrocoloide + Dersani Hidrogel, entre 1-7 dias (36,4%). O peso <1.500 gramas (27,3%-18,2%), tempo de tratamento >7 dias (27,3%) e maior tempo de hospitalização (18,2%) foram relacionadas ao Estágio II e III. Conclusão: A equipe de enfermagem depara-se em seu cotidiano com dificuldades na abordagem ao recém-nascido submetido a ventilação não invasiva com pronga, tornando-se relevante o investimento na qualificação desses profissionais para o dese
Effect of Style of Faulting on the Orientation of Maximum Horizontal Earthquake Response Spectra
Authors: Poulos Alan , Miranda Eduardo 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Horizontal earthquake ground motions have intensities that vary with changes in orientation, that is, they depend on the azimuth. Previous studies have found that the maximum horizontal spectral acceleration at mid-to-long periods is more likely to be closer to the strike-normal orientation than to the strike-parallel orientation for ground motions recorded very close to earthquake ruptures. However, this trend disappears relatively quickly as the distance to the rupture increases and becomes almost nonexistent for rupture distances longer than 5 km. Using a database of ground motions from shallow crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regimes, this work studies the orientation of maximum horizontal spectral acceleration of ground motions from earthquakes with strike slip and reverse faulting. For strike-slip earthquakes, these orientations of maximum intensity are found to be close to the transverse orientation, that is, an orientation that is perpendicular to the line segment between the recording station and the earthquake epicenter. Contrary to what occurs with respect to the previously studied strike-normal orientation, the orientation of maximum spectral response remains close to the transverse orientation regardless of source-to-site distance. Moreover, on average, the orientations of maximum spectral response tend to become closer to the transverse orientation as the period increases. On the other hand, ground motions from reverse earthquakes do not show any trend in the orientation of maximum spectral response relative to the transverse orientation. Probability distributions of the angular difference between the orientation of maximum spectral response and the transverse orientation for strike-slip earthquakes were fitted at several periods between 0.01 and 10 s. These directionality effects from strike-slip earthquakes could be considered in future seismic hazard analyses.
Ventilator associated events:incidence, microbiological profile and outcome in the intensive care unit in a tertiary hospital of eastern Nepal
Authors: Jha Dharnish Kumar , Khanal Basudha , Sah Birendra Prasad , Baral Ratna 
Published: May 2023

Ventilator associated events (VAE) refer to new surveillance definition developed by Centre for Disease Control and prevention (CDC)/ National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) is in use since the year 2013, switching the focus of surveillance from ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) to ventilator associated events (VAE). A number of studies have been conducted in the United States and other Western countries to evaluate its practicality. However, information on VAE in Asian countries is scarce. The purpose of this preliminary study was to illuminate the incidence and microbiological profile of VAEs in tertiary hospital in Nepal, as a first step in the effort to determine its practicality.The objective of the study was to determine the incidence, etiological agent and mortality of VAE in patients on mechanical ventilation in medical Intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary hospital. Patients admitted in ICU on Mechanical Ventilation were evaluated daily using the VAE surveillance criteria. At least 2 days of stable or decreasing ventilator settings followed by at least 2 days of increased ventilator settings was used as definition of VAE. Three tiered approach of VAE, namely Ventilator-Associated Condition (VAC), Infection-related Ventilator-Associated Complication (IVAC) and Possible VAP (PVAP) was used for the final classification of cases. Of the 313 patients admitted to the ICU over the period of one year, 52 patients received MV for ≥2 days and met baseline criteria for VAEs Surveillance. Out of 52 patients, 14(27%) developed VAC only, 13(25%) developed IVAC only and 25(48%) patients developed PVAP. Endotracheal aspirate culture was positive in 25 patients (48%). The organisms isolated 14(53.84%), 7(26.92%), 4(15.38%), and 1(3.84%). Polymicrobial growth was observed in one Almost all the isolates 25 (96%) being multidrug resistant. Overall mortality rate in patients with VAE was 36.5% with highest mortality rate in PVAP (44%). Early onset PVAP was observed in 9 (36%) where as 16 (64%) had late‑ onset VAP.VAE mostly being health care associated event and prevalence of multidrug resistance in as observed in this study warrant clinician to practices infection control measures and rationale use of antimicrobials as effective measures for infection control.
Use of antibiotics in surgical setup in tertiary healthcare hospital
Authors: Goswami Kanishka , Kumar Satish , Solanki Seema , Rana Jyoti 
Published: May 2023

Surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis refers to brief course of an antimicrobial agent which is initiated just before surgery, to prevent any infections at the surgical site. It is one of the most widely accepted practices in surgery. However, despite the evidence of the effectiveness and the publication of guidelines for the antimicrobial prophylaxis, its use is often found to be suboptimal. However, between 30-90% of this prophylaxis is inappropriate.Hence, this study was planned in order to examine the prevalent practices in the tertiary care hospital regarding the use of antimicrobials for surgical prophylaxis, with respect to the choice of the antimicrobial agent, the timing of its administration, the intraoperative reposing and the total duration of the prophylaxis, in order to detect any inappropriateness, so that corrective measures could be suggested.A survey was conducted across the various departments undergoing surgery of 213 patients and was followed till their discharge. The age of patients varied from 5 to 85 years. Following risk factors were also included like anemia, smoking, alcohol, prolonged duration of surgery. All the cases in our study received prophylactic antimicrobials prior to surgery, even though prophylactic systemic antimicrobials are not typically indicated for the patients who underwent clean surgical site operations.Though, this aspect was also the basis of forming two groups viz. group A and group B; this mode of treatment prior to surgery was found effective. Males are more prone to treatment failure, as suggested by the study. While recovery in females with the preliminary line of treatment continues in a positive way. A 75 cases out of 213 undergoing surgeries which are given planned regimes of antibiotic prophylaxis still end up with surgical site infection which is many a times not notified. To overcome this, change in antimicrobial regime is employed.
Prevalence and Its Related Factors of Undernutrition among Under 5-Year-Old Children, Fars, Iran 2017-2018
Authors: Derakhshandeh-Rishehri Seyedeh-Masomeh , Farmani Azam , Zarmehrparirouy Mina , Hemmati Abdolrasool , Faghih Shiva , Shenavar Razieh 
Published: May 2023

Background: The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and related factors of under-nutrition among under 5-year-old children in Fars province, Iran.
Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted during 2017-2018 in Fars province of Iran. The study consisted of 606 children (0-59 months) from 13 regions of Fars province. A structured questionnaire collected the data, and under-nutrition indices, including stunting, wasting, and underweight, were investigated by the mixed-effects ordinal logistic regression model.
Results: The prevalence of stunting, underweight, and wasting were 2%, 4%, and 4.1%, respectively. Low birth weight was a risk factor for three undernutrition indices (P < 0.001; P < 0.001; and P = 0.004). Urban children were significantly more underweight and wasted than rural children (P = 0.001; and P = 0.002, respectively). Under-nutrition rates were impressed by the family size, mother's education, and father's occupation.
Conclusion: The prevalence of undernutrition in children can be reduced by identifying and controlling significant factors, including birth weight, maternal education, type of settlement, family size, and father's occupation.
Downhill Running Increases Bone Mass Accumulation and Bone Tissues Morphology through the TGF-β/Smad Pathway in the Bone of Growing Mice
Authors: Chen Xianghe , Sun Peng , Chen Aiguo , Peng Haixia , Zhang Xianliang , Yang Kang , Yu Huilin , Zhao Renqing 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: Substantial evidence has demonstrated that impact exercise can help adolescents to accumulate more bone mass. However, the effect of OB (osteoblast) on promoting bone formation during impact exercise remains to be explored. This study aimed to examine the mechanism for downhill running promoting bone formation ability and bone mineralization ability by activating the TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β)/Smad pathway in growing mice.
Methods: Four-week-old C57BL/6 female mice (n = 28) were randomly divided into exercise and control groups. Mice in the exercise group received a forty-minute downhill training on a descending treadmill (descent 9o) every day for eight weeks. After eight weeks, BMSCs (bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells) were collected and cultured for assessment of osteoblastic differentiation and the capacity of osteoblastic mineralization. We determined the protein and mRNA expression of TGF-β, Smad2/3/4, and Runx2 (runt-related transcription factor 2) in bone tissues. The BMD (bone mineral density) and histomorphological changes were also examined.
Results: The study showed that the eight-week downhill training significantly increased BMD and ALP (alkaline phosphatase-positive) activity in the tibial epiphysis. Also, downhill running promoted BV/TV (bone volume fraction), Tb.N (trabecular number), and Tb.Th (trabecular thickness), while it decreased Tb.Sp (trabecular separation). Additionally, the numbers of ALP+CFU-f (colony forming units-fibroblastic) cells and the area of mineralized nodule formation were significantly higher in the exercise group compared with that of the control group. Lastly, the mRNA expression of TGF-β, Smad2/3/4, and Runx2 was significantly elevated in the exercise group, and the protein expression of p-Smad2/3/4, and Runx2 was also increased.
Conclusions: The findings indicated that downhill running enhanced bone mass accumulation and bone tissue morphology in growing mice by activating the TGF-β/Smad pathway.
A new pathway for H2 and hydrocarbon formation in Earth’s subsurface
Authors: Cho Young Sang , Oh In Hwan , Kim Ju-Hee , Kim Jae Ik , Na In Wook , Lee Kang-Bong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Abstract
The recent discovery of seemingly-inexhaustible CH4 emissions to the hydrosphere through cold seeps and hydrothermal vents supports the occurrence of abiotic H2 and CH4. Abiotic H2 is known to be formed by the reduction of water during serpentinization reactions, while abiotic CH4 forms through Fischer–Tropsch type reactions. However, these pathways for the formation of abiotic H2 and CH4 may not be adequate to explain the enormous CH4 reserves found on the sea bed of continental margins and CH4 production in the earth subsurface. Here we show that various rock constituents (solid acids) must play a catalytic role in H2 production via H2O dissociation, as well as in hydrocarbon formation reactions by thermal dissociation of biomass and synthesis with inorganic carbons. In addition to conventional serpentinization and Fischer–Tropsch type reactions, we propose a new mechanism and alternative pathway for abiotic H2, aliphatic, and aromatic hydrocarbon formation in the subsurface.
The effects of observing, imagining, and imitating the instructor’s depictive gestures on learning from instructional videos
Authors: Liu Caixia , Chen Louqi , Pi Zhongling , Yang Jiumin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The instructor’s depictive gestures in instructional videos are beneficial for learning, and learning strategies are crucial to make full use of them. This study adopted a within-subjects design to investigate the effects of learning strategies (i.e., observing, imagining, and imitating the instructor’s depictive gestures) on learning from instructional videos (i.e., learning performance, cognitive load, learning efficiency, learning satisfaction, and attention allocation). The repeated-measures ANOVAs revealed that when using imitation strategy, students showed the best learning performance, learning efficiency, and satisfaction. The Friedman tests results showed that when using imagination and imitation strategies, students’ attention was distracted by the instructor. Additionally, spatial ability played a moderation role in transfer performance. The results lead to a strong recommendation for educational practice when using instructional videos: (1) when watching videos with the instructor’s depictive gestures, students are encouraged to use imitation strategy in preference to imagination strategy, and passive observation is not recommended; and (2) low-spatial-ability students are encouraged to use active learning strategies (i.e., imagining and imitating the instructor’s depictive gestures) to improve transfer performance.
Suid alphaherpesvirus 1 of wild boar origin as a recent source of Aujeszky’s disease in carnivores in Germany
Authors: Freuling Conrad M. , Hlinak Andreas , Schulze Christoph , Sehl Julia , Wysocki Patrick , Szentiks Claudia A. , Schmitt Klaus , Wohlsein Peter , Kluth Gesa , Reinhardt Ilka , Mettenleiter Thomas C. , Müller Thomas 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background The high susceptibility of carnivores to Suid Alphaherpesvirus 1 [SuAHV1, synonymous pseudorabies virus (PrV)], renders them inadvertent sentinels for the possible occurrence of Aujeszky’s disease (AD) in domestic and wild swine populations. The aim of this study was to epidemiologically analyse the occurrence of PrV infections in domestic and wild animals in Germany during the last three decades and to genetically characterise the causative PrV isolates.Methods PrV in dogs were detected using standard virological techniques including conventional and real time PCR, virus isolation or by immunohistochemistry. Available PrV isolates were characterized by partial sequencing of the open gC reading frame and the genetic traits were compared with those of archived PrV isolates from carnivores and domestic pigs from Germany before the elimination of AD in the domestic pig population.Results During 1995 and 2022, a total of 38 cases of AD in carnivores, e.g. dogs and red foxes, were laboratory confirmed. Sequencing and subsequent phylogenetic analysis of PrV isolates established a strong connection between AD cases in carnivores and the occurrence of PrV infections in European wild boars in the end phase of and after elimination of AD from the domestic pig population. While PrV infections occur at low numbers but regularly in hunting dogs, interestingly, PrV was not observed in grey wolves in Germany. In none of 682 dead-found grey wolves and wolf-dog hybrids tested from Germany during 2014–2022 could PrV infection be detected by molecular means.Conclusions Although PrV has been eliminated from domestic pigs, spillover infections in domestic and wild carnivores should always be expected given the endemic presence of PrV in wild pig populations. Since detection of PrV DNA and virus in carnivores is sporadic even in areas with high seroprevalence of PrV in wild pigs, it may not reflect the full diversity of PrV.
Unlocking the 3D georeferencing accuracy potential of Göktürk-1 tri-stereo panchromatic level 2A images by sensor-dependent orientation model
Authors: Aytekin Gürsu , Topan Hüseyin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The panchromatic tri-stereo images of Göktürk-1, the first sub-meter optical remote sensing satellite of Türkiye, was assessed with respect to 3D georeferencing accuracy using sensor-dependent orientation model. The investigated panchromatic images were acquired in tri-stereo mode with 50 cm ground sampling distance at nadir-view, covering Zonguldak (Türkiye) test site. The sensor-dependent orientation model developed for the Pléiades 1A/1B/Neo and SPOT 6/7 satellites were preferred since the characteristics of Göktürk-1’s imaging geometry was identical with them. Two GCP/ICP sets (50/9 and 44/15) were established by in-field GNSS survey, and adjusted georeferencing accuracy were estimated almost millimetre and ~ ± 50 cm ( ~ ± 1 GSD) at GCPs and ICPs, respectively. All process was carried out by Geo3o1 tool of GeoEtrim derived in MATLAB environment.