bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Livestock producers' perceptions of the American black vulture conflict in the midwestern United States
Authors: Wahl Marian L. , McWherter Brooke , Zollner Patrick A. , Ma Zhao , Burcham Grant N. , Humberg Lee A. , Kluever Bryan M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHuman‐wildlife interactions are present wherever both humans and wildlife are found. Interactions can be positive or negative for humans and can include impacts that range from damage to property, agriculture, health and human safety, to emotional effects. Livestock‐wildlife interactions form a major component of human‐wildlife conflicts with foci often centered on the implications of livestock predation by wildlife. While most vulture species are obligate scavengers, several species, including the American black vulture (Coragyps atratus), may attack weak or newborn livestock. Black vulture populations and distributions are expanding in the Midwestern U.S., and attacks create a novel problem for livestock producers. We used online and printed surveys to determine the experiences and perceived losses of producers in Indiana and Kentucky. Surveys were distributed March–July 2021. Losses to black vultures were reported by 22% of goat producers, 24% of sheep producers, 38% of cattle producers, and 44% of mixed‐livestock producers. The criteria used to determine a perceived predation event were presence of vultures on the carcass, followed by missing eyes or tongue, damage to the perineal area, reported visual observation of the kill, or presence of feathers around the carcass. Sixty‐two percent of livestock producers employed at least one mitigation technique. Common mitigation techniques included the removal of carcasses and afterbirth, followed by nonlethal harassment of vultures, modifying farm management practices, use of guard animals, lethal control, and use of effigies. With the exception of nonlethal harassment, all mitigation techniques were rated as being effective by the majority of respondents. Fifty‐three percent of respondents indicated a willingness to acquire a lethal control permit from the federal government, 70% from the state government, and 56% from the state Farm Bureau, assuming the permit was free. We found that perceived losses to black vultures generally did not exceed losses to other causes and varied widely with livestock species and age class. For cattle producers, mitigation employment and vulture sightings during the calving seasons best predicted reported predation by black vultures. For mixed livestock producers, vulture sightings during the birthing season and losses to causes other than black vultures best predicted producers reporting predation by black vultures. Our results quantify producer perceptions of conflict between livestock producers and black vultures in the Midwestern U.S. Our results can be used to develop strategies to address growing conflicts between black vultures and livestock producers.
The Dutch Approach to Ethics: Integrity Management in the Military
Authors: de Graaff Miriam Carla , Zalm Claire 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntegrity management in the context of the military relates to due care, to doing justice and decency and to reliability with respect to both soldiers and civilians. This contribution outlines the pillars of the integrity management system of the Netherlands armed forces, in which integrity management is approached as a three-layered framework of individual competencies, ethical climate and organisational design. Integrity management based on these three layers promotes that decisions are made professionally, prudently and in such a way as to do justice to all parties involved. This Dutch approach is not put forward as a one-size-fits-all solution, but as a discussion starter within the field of military ethics on how integrity management can be carried out in environments that are highly demanding.
‘Moresfare’ and the Resilience Paradox: Ethics as the Terra Incognita of Hybrid Warfare and Its Challenges
Authors: Verweij Desiree 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe connection between violence, power and law and the crucial role of the psychological and ethical dimension therein remains largely underexposed in discussions on present-day conflicts. The author argues that a systemic ethical approach is needed with a keen eye for the values that are at stake for the system as a whole. Such an approach can detect the ‘moresfare’ (misuse and manipulation of values) present in hybrid warfare and the countering thereof both by fighting ‘the enemy’ and by aiming to increase the resilience of a society.
Transformative Action and the Structure of Reflexivity: Aspects of Enterprise Teaching and Quality Pedagogy
Authors: Omeihe Kingsley Obi , Omeihe Ibiyemi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis chapter suggests that the key to quality entrepreneurship education lies in reflective action learning. In elaborating this perspective, this study draws on the reflective experiences of third-year entrepreneurship students and educators in providing interpretations of the learning and teaching process. The concept of transformative reflexivity, which presupposes an introspection of entrepreneurship teaching and learning methods located within social contexts, is introduced. At the centre, we contend that entrepreneurship education demands an approach to developing student and educator competence, with a rich emphasis on reflexive practice. This we believe creates a unique climate for quality experiential experience. Our main results facilitate a rich understanding of the positive effects of enabling greater student ownership of the learning process. The theoretical import of the study is in part a plea to solidify and interpret, in the face of scholarly differences, a unified stance that challenges and extends existing entrepreneurship knowledge within the limits of critical bounding assumptions.
Using Technology to Teach International Entrepreneurship: State-of-the-Art Practices and Opportunities
Authors: Peoples Cathryn , Kotwal Siddhesh 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWith a perspective that experience may be the best teacher, international entrepreneurship (IE) has long been exposed to limited ability to immerse oneself in a local opportunity, without undertaking a potentially large risk (in terms of, for example, cost, relevance of the entrepreneurship opportunity until in position, travel). However, the availability of and involvement with online technologies are changing the educational landscape in general, with the impact of introducing new opportunities which can benefit, specifically we believe, the international entrepreneurship learning experience. In this chapter, we therefore examine the modern approaches to using technology in support of teaching and learning pedagogy, with a view to recognising the contributions and benefits it can introduce. We recognise that technology is widely underutilised in the opportunities it introduces for immersing oneself in a remote international entrepreneurship opportunity, and we argue that there is an opportunity to support more realistic IE teaching and learning through its use. In this chapter, we therefore review the ways in which technology has been used to support teaching and learning in domains other than IE, before we consider its relevance in relation to IE education.
EFT analysis of New Physics at COHERENT
Authors: Bresó-Pla Víctor , Falkowski Adam , González-Alonso Martín , Monsálvez-Pozo Kevin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Using an effective field theory approach, we study coherent neutrino scattering on nuclei, in the setup pertinent to the COHERENT experiment. We include non-standard effects both in neutrino production and detection, with an arbitrary flavor structure, with all leading Wilson coefficients simultaneously present, and without assuming factorization in flux times cross section. A concise description of the COHERENT event rate is obtained by introducing three generalized weak charges, which can be associated (in a certain sense) to the production and scattering of νe, νμ and $$ {\overline{\nu}}_{\mu } $$

ν
¯

μ

on the nuclear target. Our results are presented in a convenient form that can be trivially applied to specific New Physics scenarios. In particular, we find that existing COHERENT measurements provide percent level constraints on two combinations of Wilson coefficients. These constraints have a visible impact on the global SMEFT fit, even in the constrained flavor-blind setup. The improvement, which affects certain 4-fermion LLQQ operators, is significantly more important in a flavor-general SMEFT. Our work shows that COHERENT data should be included in electroweak precision studies from now on.
Mapping class group orbit closures for non-orientable surfaces
Authors: Erlandsson Viveka , Gendulphe Matthieu , Pasquinelli Irene , Souto Juan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLet S be a connected non-orientable surface with negative Euler characteristic and of finite type. We describe the possible closures in $$\mathcal M\mathcal L$$

M
L

and $$\mathcal P\mathcal M\mathcal L$$

P
M
L

of the mapping class group orbits of measured laminations, projective measured laminations and points in Teichmüller space. In particular we obtain a characterization of the closure in $$\mathcal M\mathcal L$$

M
L

of the set of weighted two-sided curves.
Haploid Algebras in $$C^*$$-Tensor Categories and the Schellekens List
Authors: Carpi Sebastiano , Gaudio Tiziano , Giorgetti Luca , Hillier Robin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe prove that a haploid associative algebra in a$$C^*$$C∗-tensor category$$\mathcal {C}$$Cis equivalent to a Q-system (a special$$C^*$$C∗-Frobenius algebra) in$$\mathcal {C}$$Cif and only if it is rigid. This allows us to prove the unitarity of all the 70 strongly rational holomorphic vertex operator algebras with central charge$$c=24$$c=24and non-zero weight-one subspace, corresponding to entries 1–70 of the so called Schellekens list. Furthermore, using the recent generalized deep hole construction of these vertex operator algebras, we prove that they are also strongly local in the sense of Carpi, Kawahigashi, Longo and Weiner and consequently we obtain some new holomorphic conformal nets associated to the entries of the list. Finally, we completely classify the simple CFT type vertex operator superalgebra extensions of the unitary$$N=1$$N=1and$$N=2$$N=2super-Virasoro vertex operator superalgebras with central charge$$c<\frac{3}{2}$$c<32and$$c<3$$c<3respectively, relying on the known classification results for the corresponding superconformal nets.
Ultrafast cadmium-zinc-telluride-based renal single-photon emission computed tomography: clinical validation
Authors: Dietz Matthieu , Jacquet-Francillon Nicolas , Bani Sadr Alexandre , Collette Boris , Mure Pierre-Yves , Demède Delphine , Pina-Jomir Géraldine , Moreau-Triby Caroline , Grégoire Bastien , Mouriquand Pierre , Janier Marc , Flaus Anthime 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
One of the main limitations of 99mtechnetium-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scan is the long acquisition time.

Objective
To evaluate the feasibility of short DMSA scan acquisition times using a cadmium-zinc-telluride-based single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) system in children.

Materials and methods
The data of 27 children (median age: 4 years; 16 girls) who underwent DMSA SPECT were retrospectively analyzed. Both planar and SPECT DMSA were performed. SPECT images were analyzed using coronal-simulated planar two-dimensional images. A reduction in SPECT acquisition time was simulated to provide 4 series (SPECT-15 min, SPECT-10 min, SPECT-5 min and SPECT-2.5 min). A direct comparison of the planar and SPECT series was performed, including semi-quantification reproducibility, image quality (mean quality score on a scale of 0 to 2) and inter- and intra-observer reproducibility of the scintigraphic patterns.

Results
The overall image quality score (± standard deviation) was 1.3 (± 0.6) for the planar data set, 1.6 (± 0.5) for the SPECT-15 min data set, 1.4 (± 0.5) for the SPECT-10 min data set, 1.0 (± 0.5) for the SPECT-5 min data set and 0.6 (± 0.6) for the SPECT-2.5 min data set. Median Kappa coefficients for inter-observer agreement between planar and SPECT images were greater than 0.83 for all series and all readers except one reader for the SPECT-2.5 min series (median Kappa coefficient = 0.77).

Conclusion
Shortening SPECT acquisitions to 5 min is feasible with minimal impact on images in terms of quality and reproducibility.

Graphical Abstract
Hydrophobe Oberflächeneigenschaften hydrophiler Acryllinsen schützen nicht vor Kalzifikation
Authors: Britz Leoni , Schickhardt Sonja Katrin , Yildirim Timur Mert , Auffarth Gerd Uwe , Lieberwirth Ingo , Khoramnia Ramin 
Published: May 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Eintrübung hydrophiler Acryllinsen durch Kalzifikation ist eine schwerwiegende Komplikation der Kataraktchirurgie, welche meist in einer Linsenexplantation resultiert. Im Prozess der Linsenkalzifikation spielt das Material der Kunstlinse eine entscheidende Rolle: Es wurde bisher lediglich über die Kalzifikation hydrophiler Acryllinsen berichtet. Hydrophobe Acryllinsen zeigen keine Kristallbildung innerhalb des Polymers. Hydrophile Acryllinsen einiger Hersteller weisen hydrophobe Oberflächeneigenschaften auf. Es stellt sich die Frage, welchen Einfluss diese hydrophoben Oberflächeneigenschaften auf das Kalzifikationsrisiko haben.

Zielsetzung
In der vorliegenden Studie wurde untersucht, ob hydrophobe Oberflächeneigenschaften hydrophiler Acryllinsen vor Kalzifikation schützen.

Material und Methoden
Mithilfe eines in vitro Modells der Kalzifikation wurden zwei hydrophile Linsen mit hydrophoben Oberflächeneigenschaften im Vergleich zu zwei hydrophilen Linsen und einer hydrophoben Negativkontrolle auf das Risiko einer Kalzifikation hin untersucht. Die Linsen wurden anschließend mittels Lichtmikroskopie, Alizarinrot- und Von-Kossa-Färbung, Rasterelektronenmikroskopie (REM) und energiedispersiver Röntgenspektroskopie (EDS) analysiert.

Ergebnisse
Alle vier hydrophilen Linsenmodelle zeigten eine Kalzifikation innerhalb des Polymers. Es konnte kein Unterschied zwischen den hydrophilen Linsen und den hydrophilen Linsen mit hydrophoben Oberflächeneigenschaften in Bezug auf die Kristallbildung gefunden werden. Die Negativkontrolle aus hydrophobem Acrylat zeigte keine Kalzifikation.

Schlussfolgerung
Die in dieser Studie unter standardisierten Bedingungen durchgeführte Untersuchung konnte zeigen, dass hydrophobe Oberflächeneigenschaften hydrophiler Acryllinsen nicht vor Kalzifikation schützen und somit auch bei diesen Linsenmodellen das Risiko einer Eintrübung besteht.
Effects of randomness and piezomagnetic coupling on the appearance of stop-bands in heterogeneous magnetorheological elastomers
Authors: Eraslan Sinan , Gitman Inna , Askes Harm , de Borst René 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPhononic crystals (PCs) consist of a periodic arrangement of inclusions in a matrix material, and have garnered a great deal of interest owing to a phenomenon known as band gap frequencies in which particular frequency ranges are not able to propagate through the PCs. The aim of this work is to study the effects of magneto-elastic coupling and other parameters such as randomness in geometrical properties, volume fraction and size of inclusions on longitudinal wave propagation and, in particular, on the appearance of stop-band frequencies. The results indicate that the most important parameters deciding whether a frequency is in a stop-band or a pass-band are the randomness in geometrical properties and piezomagnetic coupling. It was observed that piezomagnetic coupling can lead to a widening of the first stop-band range for a periodic microstructure. Moreover, while randomness in particle size leads to a stop-band range and reduced wave transmission in the second pass region, randomness in particle position leads to removal of the pass band ranges compared to periodic structures. Additionally, the influence of piezomagnetic coupling becomes insignificant in fully random structures.
Foliar functional and genetic variation in a keystone Hawaiian tree species estimated through spectroscopy
Authors: Seeley M. M. , Stacy E. A. , Martin R. E. , Asner G. P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractImaging spectroscopy has the potential to map closely related plant taxa at landscape scales. Although spectral investigations at the leaf and canopy levels have revealed relationships between phylogeny and reflectance, understanding how spectra differ across, and are inherited from, genotypes of a single species has received less attention. We used a common-garden population of four varieties of the keystone canopy tree, Metrosideros polymorpha, from Hawaii Island and four F1-hybrid genotypes derived from controlled crosses to determine if reflectance spectra discriminate sympatric, conspecific varieties of this species and their hybrids. With a single exception, pairwise comparisons of leaf reflectance patterns successfully distinguished varieties of M. polymorpha on Hawaii Island as well as populations of the same variety from different islands. Further, spectral variability within a single variety from Hawaii Island and the older island of Oahu was greater than that observed among the four varieties on Hawaii Island. F1 hybrids most frequently displayed leaf spectral patterns intermediate to those of their parent taxa. Spectral reflectance patterns distinguished each of two of the hybrid genotypes from one of their parent varieties, indicating that classifying hybrids may be possible, particularly if sample sizes are increased. This work quantifies a baseline in spectral variability for an endemic Hawaiian tree species and advances the use of imaging spectroscopy in biodiversity studies at the genetic level.
A domain-region based evaluation of ML performance robustness to covariate shift
Authors: Bayram Firas , Ahmed Bestoun S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMost machine learning methods assume that the input data distribution is the same in the training and testing phases. However, in practice, this stationarity is usually not met and the distribution of inputs differs, leading to unexpected performance of the learned model in deployment. The issue in which the training and test data inputs follow different probability distributions while the input–output relationship remains unchanged is referred to as covariate shift. In this paper, the performance of conventional machine learning models was experimentally evaluated in the presence of covariate shift. Furthermore, a region-based evaluation was performed by decomposing the domain of probability density function of the input data to assess the classifier’s performance per domain region. Distributional changes were simulated in a two-dimensional classification problem. Subsequently, a higher four-dimensional experiments were conducted. Based on the experimental analysis, the Random Forests algorithm is the most robust classifier in the two-dimensional case, showing the lowest degradation rate for accuracy and F1-score metrics, with a range between 0.1% and 2.08%. Moreover, the results reveal that in higher-dimensional experiments, the performance of the models is predominantly influenced by the complexity of the classification function, leading to degradation rates exceeding 25% in most cases. It is also concluded that the models exhibit high bias toward the region with high density in the input space domain of the training samples.
Virtual reality in medical emergencies training: benefits, perceived stress, and learning success
Authors: Mühling Tobias , Späth Isabelle , Backhaus Joy , Milke Nathalie , Oberdörfer Sebastian , Meining Alexander , Latoschik Marc Erich , König Sarah 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMedical graduates lack procedural skills experience required to manage emergencies. Recent advances in virtual reality (VR) technology enable the creation of highly immersive learning environments representing easy-to-use and affordable solutions for training with simulation. However, the feasibility in compulsory teaching, possible side effects of immersion, perceived stress, and didactic benefits have to be investigated systematically. VR-based training sessions using head-mounted displays alongside a real-time dynamic physiology system were held by student assistants for small groups followed by debriefing with a tutor. In the pilot study, 36 students rated simulation sickness. In the main study, 97 students completed a virtual scenario as active participants (AP) and 130 students as observers (OBS) from the first-person perspective on a monitor. Participants completed questionnaires for evaluation purposes and exploratory factor analysis was performed on the items. The extent of simulation sickness remained low to acceptable among participants of the pilot study. In the main study, students valued the realistic environment and guided practical exercise. AP perceived the degree of immersion as well as the estimated learning success to be greater than OBS and proved to be more motivated post training. With respect to AP, the factor “sense of control” revealed a typical inverse U-shaped relationship to the scales “didactic value” and “individual learning benefit”. Summing up, curricular implementation of highly immersive VR-based training of emergencies proved feasible and found a high degree of acceptance among medical students. This study also provides insights into how different conceptions of perceived stress distinctively moderate subjective learning success.
A novel multiwalled carbon nanotube–cyclodextrin nanocomposite for solid-phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in snow samples
Authors: Riboni N. , Bianchi F. , Scaccaglia M. , Bisceglie F. , Secchi A. , Massera C. , Luches P. , Careri M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNovel solid-phase microextraction
coatings based on the use of multiwalled carbon nanotube–cyclodextrin (MWCNT-CD) nanocomposites were developed for the determination of 16-priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at ultratrace levels in snow samples. The performance of both β- and γ-CD was tested to increase the detection capabilities towards the heaviest and most lipophilic compounds, i.e., five- and six-ring PAHs. To facilitate the interactions of MWCNTs with CDs, an oxidation procedure using both HNO3 and H2O2 was applied, obtaining superior results using MWCNTs-H2O2-γ-CD fiber. Detection and quantitation limits below 0.7 and 2.3 ng/L, RSD lower than 21%, and recoveries of 88(± 2)–119.8(± 0.4)% proved the reliability of the developed method for the determination of PAHs at ultratrace levels. The complexation capability of the γ-CD was also demonstrated in solution by NMR and fluorescence spectroscopy studies and at solid state by XRD analysis. Finally, snow samples collected in the ski area of Dolomiti di Brenta were analyzed, showing a different distribution of the 16 priority PAHs, being naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene the only compounds detected in all the analyzed samples.
Graphical Abstract