bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multilevel Trap‐Controlled Bright Mechanoluminescence of Sr/CaGa2S4: Eu2+ for Stress Sensing Applications
Authors: Shao Yuhe , Chang Jianqing , Liu Hongzhen , Song Zhen , Zhang Jun‐Cheng , Liu Quanlin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBrighter, recoverable, and more practical green mechanoluminescence (ML) materials are urgently required in diverse fields such as visual stress sensing and advanced display lighting. Ce3+/Eu2+ doping, leveraging efficient f‐d transition, remains one of the most promising approaches for achieving high‐performance green ML. However, intense competition between afterglow and ML necessitates precise control of trap depths to develop high‐brightness and recoverable ML materials in Ce3+/Eu2+ doped trap‐controlled systems. In this work, the concept of multilevel trap control is introduced into Eu2+‐doped MGa2S4 (M = Sr, Ca) materials and, for the first time, elucidate the mechanism underlying irradiation‐induced ML recovery in powdered MGa2S4: Eu2+ (M = Sr, Ca) materials dominated by shallow‐level traps. By optimizing activator doping concentration, depth and distribution of multilevel traps are effectively fine‐tuned, achieving remarkable ML peak intensity compared with renowned SrAl2O4 materials (~57.3% for SrAl2O4: Eu2+, Dy3+, and ~84.3% for (Sr, Ca)Al2O4: Eu2+, Dy3+) while minimizing afterglow interference. Finally, the practical application potential of SrGa2S4:Eu2+ is demonstrated by employing fluorescent coatings to visualize crack propagation and stress distribution in construction materials. This study explores broader potential applications of SrGa2S4: Eu2⁺ in ML technologies and offers novel insights and strategies for developing high‐performance ML materials.
Determining polyamide dynamic fracture resistance under plane strain conditions by High‐Speed Double Torsion tests
Authors: López‐Cabrera H. R. , Figueroa‐López U. , Guevara‐Morales A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPolyamide 12 (PA12) has emerged as a high‐performance alternative to high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) for gas pipeline applications, particularly under high‐pressure conditions exceeding 10 bar. A critical challenge in polymer pipelines is rapid crack propagation (RCP), which highlights the importance of accurate characterization of dynamic fracture resistance. In this study, the high‐speed double torsion (HSDT) test was employed to evaluate the dynamic fracture resistance under plane strain conditions () of PA12 at 0°C. Experiments were performed at impact speeds of ~13, 20, and 31 m/s, and results showed that decreases as impact and crack speeds increase, consistent with semicrystalline polymer behavior. Compared with reported values for pipe‐grade HDPE, PA12 demonstrated superior fracture resistance, with values of 10.13 kJ/m2 at an impact speed of ~31 m/s. Predictions from a dynamic‐linear‐elastic model supported the reliability of the estimated values. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed distinct fracture zones, and crack front shapes transitioned from flat to curved with increasing impact speed, confirming plane strain behavior. These findings reinforce the suitability of PA12 for high‐pressure applications and demonstrate the effectiveness of HSDT for characterizing dynamic fracture resistance under plane strain conditions in thermoplastic materials.Highlights
HSDT test effectively measures plane strain dynamic fracture resistance ().
PA12 exhibits higher dynamic fracture resistance than reported HDPE values.
decreases as impact and crack speeds increase, following polymer behavior.
PA12 crack front shape during HSDT confirms plane strain behavior.
Stimuli‐responsive magnesium‐based materials for biomedical applications: A review
Authors: Wang Xianli , Zhao Yanbin , Dong Qiangsheng , Chu Chenglin , Xue Feng , Wang Cheng , Bai Jing 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAs one of the revolutionizing biodegradable metals, Magnesium (Mg) has gained global attention from researchers due to positive clinical feedback in bone fixation and cardiovascular repair. In many cases, researchers attributed its biological effects to the degradation products of Mg, overlooking the interactions between Mg and the microenvironment within bodies, as well as the additional effects of physical/chemical reactions induced by endogenous and exogenous stimuli on tissues. In recent years, the academic community has increasingly focused on the stimuli responsiveness of Mg‐based materials for tissue repair and disease treatment. However, there is a lack of systematic summaries on the “composition‐structure‐function” relationships when Mg‐based materials are applied in various physiological scenarios. To address this gap, this review summarizes the biological effects of Mg‐based materials under endogenous and exogenous stimuli over the past decade. Endogenous stimuli mainly include changes in spontaneously released Mg2⁺ ions concentration, pH variations, body fluid infiltration, reactive oxygen species intervention, temperature changes, and enzyme involvement. Exogenous stimuli primarily involve external fields such as photo‐irradiation, electric field, magnetic field, ultrasound, and mechanical stress. By activating these endogenous/exogenous stimuli, the specific functions of Mg‐based materials can be triggered as needed, leading to more pronounced therapeutic effects compared to the non‐stimulated state. Accordingly, we also analyze the mechanisms underlying the enhanced biological impact. Based on existing research, this review further examines the limitations of studies under different stimulation scenarios and proposes suggestions for future research improvements. Ultimately, we hope this review could provide new insights for the efficient clinical application of Mg‐based materials in the future.
The Anthropocene and Complexity: A Survey of Ideas
Authors: Mesjasz Czeslaw 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Complexity-related ideas were directly referred to in the discussion on the Anthropocene a few years after its origins. Later, after 2010, the number of publications on the Anthropocene and complexity rapidly increased. They cover a great many ideas, beginning from mathematical models and simulation models through various applications of complexity-related analogies and metaphors to qualitative concepts reflecting the complexity of interacting natural and human systems. The aim of this chapter is to identify, systematise and evaluate preliminarily the applications of broadly defined complexity-related ideas in the development of the concept of the Anthropocene and in the Anthropocene-related areas of environmental studies. The chapter can be treated as a preliminary guide enumerating selected issues, providing directions for more profound studies of the links between complexity-related research and the Anthropocene.
The Anthropocene and German Political Science: A Case Study
Authors: Simonis Georg 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Thisarticle attempts to explain why political science in the German-speaking research area has so far only marginally dealt with the concept of the Anthropocene, although a drastic structural change between the Holocene and the Anthropocene is becoming apparent. At the centre of the explanatory approach is the hypothesis of an incongruence between political scienceand Earth scienceresearch. In the dominant political science discourse, environmental conditions are seen as constant and the focus is on political actors coping with the problems of the present. Earth science, on the other hand, ignores political actors and their struggle for political consensus as restrictive variables for planetary governance. The third part of the article presents a political science perspective that addresses the problems facing politics in the new Anthropocene era. Here, the thesis is developed that in the Anthropocene, the structural conditions of politics and political governance are undergoing lasting change.
Structural Changes in South Korean Employment (2000–2021)
Authors: Hong Minki 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Using a job-based methodology, this chapter studies structural shifts in employment in the South Korean labour market from 2000 to 2021. The methodology follows the approach suggested and applied in the reports published in the context of the European Jobs Monitor, such as Eurofound (Upgrading or polarization? Long-term global shifts in the employment structure: European Jobs Monitor 2015, Publications Office of the European Union, 2015, Occupational change and wage inequality: European Jobs Monitor, Publication Office of the European Union, 2017). This study segments the analysis duration into three periods: 2000–2009, 2009–2019 and 2019–2021. The patterns of change in the employment structure between 2000–2009 and 2009–2019 vary greatly. Employment in higher-paid jobs increased between 2000 and 2009. Employment polarization, on the other hand, emerged between 2009 and 2019. Since 2000, changes in the employment structure have been influenced by a combination of increasing demand for highly skilled labour, deindustrialization, increased trade and changes in the employment protection system. As the population ages rapidly in the 2010s, employment in health and social work services is increasing rapidly. The 2019–2021 period was set aside to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the employment structure. Due to the spread of COVID-19, employment in face-to-face education and food services decreased in 2020 but quickly recovered in 2021.
Conclusions
Authors: Hurley John , Fernández-Macías Enrique , Torrejón Pérez Sergio 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This final chapter concludes by synthesizing key takeaways and implications. Expanding beyond the US and European contexts, the study includes countries from North America, Asia and South America, incorporating updated analyses that include data from the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings indicate that while the share of primary sector employment has markedly declined globally—advanced economies having largely completed the process of deagrarianization—agriculture remains a significant sector in some developing countries. Manufacturing has also experienced a continuous decline due to technological advancements and globalization, leading to deindustrialization. Conversely, the tertiary sector has expanded, with services absorbing most new employment. The ‘service transition’ highlights growth in both private and public services, where private services contribute to employment polarization and public services to job upgrading, though South Korea stands as a notable exception. More generally, the chapter identifies various employment shift patterns across different countries and periods. Some countries exhibit clear trends of upgrading or polarization, while others display hybrid or unique patterns. It also examines the impact of business cycles on labour market reallocations and the role of gender in influencing employment shifts. Notably, there has been significant feminization of the workforce, with differing effects on employment patterns by gender. Theoretically, while technological advances play a central role in understanding employment trends, other factors such as trade, labour market institutions and socio-economic changes are also crucial. The diverse employment shift patterns observed across different contexts highlight the need for a nuanced perspective that goes beyond single narratives, emphasizing the influence of both local and national factors alongside global trends.
Approach and Methods
Authors: Fernández-Macías Enrique , Hurley John , Torrejón Pérez Sergio 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter outlines the approach and methodology used in our comparative analysis of employment changes across global economies. The core methodology is a jobs-based approach, which shifts the unit of analysis from individual workers to jobs defined as specific combinations of occupation and sector, ranked by job quality metrics such as average wages. We detail the essence of this approach and the common methodological guidelines applied across participating countries. We also emphasize the flexibility and adaptability needed to account for national data specificities and socio-economic contexts. To illustrate this, we also present key deviations from the common guidelines observed in different countries, ensuring both broad comparability and sensitivity to local conditions. This methodology facilitates an efficient and systematic exploration of employment trends by gender, sector and other factors, laying the groundwork for cross-national comparisons of occupational change.
Employment Shifts in Europe from 1997 to 2021: The Cases of Ireland, France, Spain, Germany, the Czech Republic, Italy, Sweden and Romania
Authors: Torrejón Pérez Sergio , Hurley John , Fernández-Macías Enrique , Staffa Elisa 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study analyses shifts in employment structures in a selection of eight EU countries (Ireland, France, Spain, Germany, Czechia, Italy, Sweden and Romania) as well as employment dynamics at the aggregate EU level. This is done for four periods, separated by the financial crisis and the outbreak of the COVID-19 crisis. Results show that there is a wide diversity of patterns of structural change across periods and countries in Europe. During the expansive phase of the business cycle, the pattern that was more widespread was job upgrading, with the number of workers increasing more in high-paid jobs (especially in private and public services). During the financial crisis (2008–2010) and the following period (2011–2019), the patterns of structural change were much more diverse. Still, some general lines can be traced. Workers that were hardest hit by the financial crisis were located in the middle of the wage structure. The global financial crisis impacted hardest on male workers and workers that were employed in construction and manufacturing, while the number of workers in public services continued increasing. From 2011, net employment growth was mainly driven by the increase in the size of service jobs, with employment in private services growing in a polarized way and public services promoting upgrading. Finally, the COVID-19 crisis had an asymmetric impact, impacting mainly employment in low-paid in-person service activities and agriculture.
Changes in the Employment Structure and the Debate on Occupational Polarization in Latin America: The Cases of Argentina, Chile and Mexico
Authors: Maurizio Roxana , Monsalvo Ana Paula , Catania Sol , Martínez Silvana 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter examines the changes in the structure of employment and income in three Latin American countries (Argentina, Chile and Mexico) during different sub-periods over the first two decades of the new millennium. It applies the ‘jobs approach’, which combines occupation type and branch of activity. The study is carried out for all workers and for different subgroups defined on the basis of gender, age, educational level and formality status. The results show a wide variation of structural change patterns between periods and countries. In Argentina, an inverted U-shaped pattern is found in employment growth for the period 2003–2012, while a certain polarizing trend is observed between 2012 and 2019. In Chile, no clear pattern is identified between 2000 and 2009, and a certain pattern of upgrading is found from 2009 until 2017. In Mexico, there is no evidence of significant changes between 2006 and 2010, while an inverted U-shaped pattern is found in the following decade. In the three countries, when the nearly two decades under analysis are considered as a whole, a reallocation of jobs from the lower end of the distribution to jobs in the middle and upper part of the distribution can be observed. Lastly, mean wages behaved differently from what was observed in jobs, as lower-income occupations experienced greater increases during the studied period.
Changes in the Employment Structure in India from 2012 to 2020: A Trend Towards Job Upgrading and De-routinization
Authors: Sarkar Sudipa , Torrejón Pérez Sergio 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper analyses employment growth across occupations and sectors in India for the period that goes from 2011–12 to 2019–20. Using data from the National Sample Survey Organisation and the Periodic Labour Force Survey, this study finds evidence of mid-upgrading (relatively higher employment growth in low-mid paid and high-paid jobs) in India during the study period, where jobs are ranked using median daily wages in 2011–12. A decomposition analysis reveals that this pattern is due to the employment growth in jobs in Construction, Wholesale & retail trade, and Transport, storage and communication industries in India. The study also finds a reduction in the employment share of routine task-intensive occupations along with a growth in employment in non-routine task-intensive occupations (both manual and cognitive) in both rural and urban India.
Entscheidungsmodell
Authors: Reimer Maximilian Vincent 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
Als Motivation für das Newsvendor-typische Recyclingkapazitätsmodell werden ingenieurstechnische Relevanz und Nachhaltigkeitsaspekte herausgestellt. Es werden dabei Eigenschaften des Newsvendor-Modells genutzt und erweitert, um ein Modell für das Kapazitätsmanagement angesichts mehrperiodischer zufälliger Rückflussmengen zu erhalten.
Systematisches Review zur Effektivität von Lokalanästhetika bei der Therapie von neuropathischen Schmerzen oder Phantomschmerzen
Authors: Kastelik Joanna , Schwerdtfeger Karsten , Stolle Annette , Schäfer Michael , Tafelski Sascha 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund
Im September 2023 wurde die überarbeitete S3-Leitlinie Versorgung peripherer Nervenverletzungen publiziert. Multimodale schmerztherapeutische Behandlungsstrategien haben hierbei Eingang in die Leitlinie gefunden und schließen systemische und lokal-medikamentöse, physiotherapeutische und ergotherapeutische Maßnahmen mit ein. Eine zentrale Fragestellung bewertete dabei die viel diskutierte Behandlungsoption mittels perineuraler Lokalanästhesie.

Ziel der Arbeit
Um die Effektivität lokaler Infiltrationen bei der Behandlung von neuropathischen Schmerzen nach einer Nervenverletzung darzustellen, erfolgen eine systematische Literaturrecherche und Evidenzbewertung mittels Metaanalyse.

Material und Methoden
Nach Formulierung einer entsprechenden PICO(„patient/population, intervention, comparison and outcomes“)-Frage (Infobox 1) innerhalb der Leitliniengruppe erfolgte eine selektive Literaturanalyse zu klinischen Studien in Datenbanken (PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials – CENTRAL) bis zum 31.07.2023. Zwei Reviewer bewerteten die Literatur und prüften systematische Reviews auf zusätzliche Literaturverweise.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt wurden 357 Publikationen identifiziert. Nach Entfernung von Duplikaten (n = 15) wurden n = 327 Publikationen bewertet. In der vertiefenden Literaturanalyse wurde schlussendlich eine relevante Studie identifiziert und in die Evidenzbewertung eingeschlossen.

Diskussion
Lokalanästhetikainfiltrationen stellen eine Therapieoption von Neuropathien nach Amputationen dar. Ein RCT (Randomisierte kontrollierte Studie) zeigte über 4 Wochen nach mehrtägiger perineuraler Lokalanästhetikainfiltration eine Reduktion von Schmerzen und schmerzbedingter Funktionseinschränkung. Weitere Studien sind erforderlich, um einen höheren Evidenzgrad zur Effektivität dieser Therapieform ableiten zu können.

Graphic abstract
The Faecal Microbiome Analysed from Healthy, Free-Roaming Giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis)
Authors: Grobbelaar Andri , Osthoff Gernot , Deacon Francois , Cason Errol D. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Similar to other herbivores, healthy giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis) rely on a variety of symbiotic microorganisms in their digestive systems to break down cellulose and hemicellulose. In this study, we investigate the impact that external stimuli might have on the faecal prokaryote composition of healthy, free-roaming giraffes. Faecal samples were collected from six male and seven female giraffe individuals, over a 2-year period, during the wet and dry seasons, from six locations within the Free State Province, South Africa. Giraffe populations were exposed to one of two feeding practices which included provision of supplemental feed or only naturally available vegetation. Seventeen (17) different prokaryotic phyla, consisting of 8370 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), were identified from the 13 healthy, adult, free-roaming giraffes included in the study. Overall, the bacterial phyla with the largest relative abundance included Fusobacteria (22%), followed by Lentisphaera (17%) and Cyanobacteria (16%), which included 21 dominant prokaryotic ASVs. The relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae UCG 014 and Treponema 2 were found to be significantly (P < 0.05) higher and Escherichia / Shigella, Romboutsia and Ruminococcus 1 significantly lower for giraffes receiving supplemental feed compared to natural available vegetation. This is the first study to investigate the composition of the faecal prokaryotic communities of healthy, free-roaming giraffes. The analysis of faecal prokaryotes contributes to the development of non-invasive methods for assessing the nutritional status and identifying health issues in giraffe populations. Ultimately, such advances are beneficial towards the larger-scale conservation, determining nutritional needs and management of other sensitive wildlife species, as well.
Analysis of turbulent flows by simultaneous fluorescent and Mie-scattering PIV
Authors: Parikh Agastya , Okada Mizuki , Bertelli Federico , Lavagnoli Sergio , Kähler Christian J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Many flows have a multi-constituent nature, where understanding the transfer of mass and momentum between different parts of the flow is key. While experiments in liquid media have long used flow tagging techniques such as dye injection to isolate parts of the flow, analogous methods that do not compromise full-field velocimetry in gas flows are highly impractical. The recent introduction of a solution of Pyrromethene 567 (P567) in di-ethyl-hexyl-sebacate (DEHS) to produce a seeding fluid capable of fluorescent emission in addition to Mie scattering promises to address this need. By locally seeding a secondary flow of interest with the modified DEHS, the fluorescent signal can be used for tagging; global seeding of main flow with standard DEHS, which only produces Mie scattering of incident laser light, is used to obtain full-field velocimetry with established PIV techniques. Performing morphological image processing and intensity-based thresholding on the fluorescent particle images yields a continuum representation of the secondary flow. This can then be combined with velocimetric information from PIV to conduct quantitative zonal analyses. This technique has been applied to the flow behind an active synthetic-jet turbulence grid and a turbulent boundary layer (TBL). With the new zonal decomposition capabilities offered, data relating to the intermittency of the flows, statistical structure of the phenomena, turbulent/non-turbulent interface (TNTI) and entrainment and detrainment can be extracted.