bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relational Voluntary Environmental Agreements with Unverifiable Emissions
Authors: Cesi Berardino , D’Amato Alessio 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Environmental regulation and pollution control may clash against the presence of unverifiable tasks, like source-specific emissions. To tackle this issue, we reshape a voluntary agreement instrument, already available in the existing literature, from a dynamic perspective by means of a relational contracting approach. We define a Relational Voluntary Environmental Agreement (RVEA) in an N firms symmetric context, and show that even if emissions are not contractible across firms, and therefore enforcement cannot be delegated to a third party, if firms are sufficiently patient, a self-enforcing RVEA induces the achievement of the environmental objective. Finally, our welfare analysis reveals a notable result: our RVEA can imply less free riding and be welfare-improving with respect to a Voluntary Environmental Agreement enforced by a third party (along the lines of McEvoy, D. M., and J. K. Stranlund. 2010. “Costly Enforcement of Voluntary Environmental Agreements.” Environmental and Resource Economics 47: 45–63).
From volume to value: a watershed moment for the clinical laboratory
Authors: Tomaiuolo Rossella , Banfi Giuseppe 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The clinical laboratory is often evaluated for the volume of testing. However, it is undeniable that laboratory tests affect clinical decision-making and are included in many clinical guidelines, meaning their contribution to determining clinical outcomes. Therefore, the clinical laboratory professional has the task of enhancing laboratory tests by optimizing the request and reporting phase and addressing patient outcomes. This opinion paper, presenting practical examples of managing value-based health care in the clinical laboratory context, underlines the need to shift towards value-based management to optimize outcome-based health care.
Assessing the status of European laboratories in evaluating biomarkers for chronic kidney diseases (CKD) and recommendations for improvement: insights from the 2022 EFLM Task Group on CKD survey
Authors: Cavalier Etienne , Makris Konstantinos , Portakal Oytun , Nikler Ana , Datta Pradip , Zima Tomas , Delanaye Pierre 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health issue, ranking as the third leading cause of death worldwide. CKD diagnosis and management depend on clinical laboratory tests, necessitating consistency for precise patient care. Global harmonization of CKD testing through clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) is recommended. Prior to CPG development, assessing the current CKD testing landscape is crucial. In 2022, the European Federation of Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) conducted an online survey among European laboratories associated with EFLM, evaluating CKD testing practices, including new glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation methods. This report summarizes the 2022 survey findings and offers recommendations for improving CKD test standardization.

Methods
An online survey was conducted in November 2022 using a questionnaire hosted on LimeSurvey sent to European laboratories affiliated with the EFLM. The survey results were recorded in Excel files and analysed.

Results
The results highlight significant discrepancies among countries in unit expression, methods, cystatin C use, and GFR calculation equations. Additionally, limited attention to pediatric renal biology specifics, varied proteinuria and albuminuria result expressions, and limited awareness of GFR measurement methods through iohexol clearance are noted.

Conclusions
In an effort to enhance the standardization of crucial biomarkers utilized in nephrology for evaluating renal function and diagnosing kidney injuries, the EFLM Task Group on CKD suggests nine practical recommendations tailored for European laboratories. The group is confident that implementing these measures will minimize result expression discrepancies, ultimately leading to enhanced patient care.
Effect of gamma rays irradiation in the structure, optical, and electrical properties of samarium doped bismuth titanate ceramics
Authors: Gatasheh Mansour K. , Alkathy Mahmoud S. , Kassim Hamoud Abdoh , Goud Jakkapally Pundareekam , Eiras Jose A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCeramics have enormous potential in several emerging technologies, including nuclear reactors. Materials with chemical inertness, high-temperature operation, and physical properties stability under applied radiation with high energy are all desired in this field of technology. Given these broad specifications, bismuth titanate ceramics may prove to be a valuable material. Regarding this task, the effect of gamma rays on the structural, optical, and ferroelectric properties of samarium-modified bismuth titanate ceramics was investigated. The Bi3.15Sm0.85Ti3O12(BSmT) compound was irradiated for 0, 50, 100, and 200 kGy using a60Co gamma source at a dose rate of 10 kGy h−1. The phase structure confirmed the orthorhombic, single-phase nature even after gamma irradiation. The results show that the unit cell volume decreases from 966.39 to 962.38 Å3with an increase in gamma dose from 0 to 200 kGy. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study shows an irradiation-induced defect in the host matrix. The results show that the bandgap energy, dielectric constant, Curie temperatures, and remnant polarization slightly decreased with an increase in gamma irradiation. According to the findings of this study, the BSmT exhibits adequate stability against gamma irradiation, which offers tremendous promise in their utilization in nuclear reactor technology.
Human emotion recognition with a microcomb-enabled integrated optical neural network
Authors: Cheng Junwei , Xie Yanzhao , Liu Yu , Song Junjie , Liu Xinyu , He Zhenming , Zhang Wenkai , Han Xinjie , Zhou Hailong , Zhou Ke , Zhou Heng , Dong Jianji , Zhang Xinliang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
State-of-the-art deep learning models can converse and interact with humans by understanding their emotions, but the exponential increase in model parameters has triggered an unprecedented demand for fast and low-power computing. Here, we propose a microcomb-enabled integrated optical neural network (MIONN) to perform the intelligent task of human emotion recognition at the speed of light and with low power consumption. Large-scale tensor data can be independently encoded in dozens of frequency channels generated by the on-chip microcomb and computed in parallel when flowing through the microring weight bank. To validate the proposed MIONN, we fabricated proof-of-concept chips and a prototype photonic-electronic artificial intelligence (AI) computing engine with a potential throughput up to 51.2 TOPS (tera-operations per second). We developed automatic feedback control procedures to ensure the stability and 8 bits weighting precision of the MIONN. The MIONN has successfully recognized six basic human emotions, and achieved 78.5 % accuracy on the blind test set. The proposed MIONN provides a high-speed and energy-efficient neuromorphic computing hardware for deep learning models with emotional interaction capabilities.
Ultrasound and x-ray examination at lung edema of domestic cat
Authors: Lykholat Tetіana , Grushanska Nataliіa , Sharandak Pavlo , Kostenko Vitalii , Rozumniuk Andrii 
Published: September 2023

The aim: This study aims to determine the diagnostic value of lung ultrasound compared with radiography for respiratory distress in cats.
Materials and methods: The database of the veterinary center was analyzed. 130 animals diagnosed with pulmonary edema were selected. The lungs of sick cats were examined ultrasonographically; The line was counted in 4 anatomical sections on each hemithorax. A site was evaluated as positive when > 3 "B-lines" were detected. Animal treatment protocols were studied to clarify the final diagnosis (reference standard), and the sensitivity and specificity of lung ultrasound and chest X-ray for the diagnosis of pulmonary edema were calculated.
Result: Cats with a final diagnosis of cardiogenic pulmonary edema had a greater number of positive areas on ultrasound than those, in which respiratory distress was caused by non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema. The overall sensitivity and specificity of US for the diagnosis of pulmonary edema were 87 % and 89 %, respectively, and these values were similar to those of chest radiography (85 % and 86 %, respectively). The use of ultrasound led to a false diagnosis of cardiogenic pulmonary edema (ie, a false-positive result) in animals with diffuse interstitial or alveolar changes.
Conclusions: Ultrasound examination of the lungs in cats with respiratory distress syndrome is a promising diagnostic method. Emergency diagnosis of pulmonary edema in cats is difficult, especially in patients with severe shortness of breath, and limits the diagnostic evaluation. Chest x-rays are considered the standard diagnostic test, but the results are sometimes ambiguous and the process of obtaining the x-rays can increase respiratory distress in the animal.
According to the results of the study, it was established, that ultrasound examination of the lungs can be used to differentiate the causes of shortness of breath (cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic) with sufficiently high sensitivity and specificity and less influence of the iatrogenic factor on the development of respiratory distress in cats, compared to chest radiography
Analysis of methods of managing the environmental safety of the navigation passage of ships of maritime transport
Authors: Sagin Sergii V. , Sagin Sergii S. , Madey Volodymyr 
Published: September 2023

The requirements of the MARPOL international convention on ensuring the environmental performance of marine diesel engines in relation to the emission of sulfur oxides, as well as marine fuels during navigation passages of sea transport vessels in special ecological areas, are given. The use of scrubber cleaning of exhaust gases and the use of fuel mixtures, which include biodiesel fuel, are considered as methods that meet these requirements. The research was carried out on ships of the Bulker Carrier class with deadweight of 63,246 tons during the navigation transition between the ports of Northern Europe. One of the vessels used scrubber cleaning of exhaust gases as a method of environmental safety management. The other is the use of fuel mixtures, which include biodiesel fuel. Both vessels are equipped with a 5S60ME-C8.2 MAN-Diesel&Turbo marine diesel engine as the main engine, and three 6EY18ALW Yanmar diesel engines as auxiliary engines. The ratio of sulfur oxides to carbon oxides – SO2/CO2 – was chosen as an indicator for evaluating the effectiveness of environmental safety management methods. This value was monitored and regulated by an automatic monitoring system. It was found that both methods meet the requirements of the MARPOL convention, namely, they will support the SO2/CO2 ratio in the range of 2.29–4.17 (when in special environmental control zones) and in the range of 6.46–20.83 (when in outside the zone of special environmental control). The use of environmental safety management methods increases energy costs for ensuring this process. When using exhaust gas scrubbing, additional power losses reach 237–278 kW. In the case of using a fuel mixture that includes biodiesel fuel, power losses amount to 18–20 kW. It has been experimentally confirmed that the use of a fuel mixture that includes biodiesel fuel is characterized by a lower level of environmental sustainability. At the same time, compared to the use of scrubber cleaning of exhaust gases, this method requires less energy consumption and is also characterized by simpler additional equipment. In this regard (and also taking into account that all the requirements of Annex VI MARPOL are provided), it is recommended as the main one to ensure the environmental safety of navigation passages of sea transport vessels.
Development and analysis of the loading characteristic of accumulate fuel injection system Common Rail of the engine 50 RT-flex
Authors: Polovinka Edward , Tabulinsky Igor 
Published: September 2023

The object of research are hydrodynamical processes in fuel delivery system of marine diesel engine of type RT-flex with accumulate fuel injection system of type Common Rail. The problem, being solved, is maintenance of an effective operation of the specified diesel engines due to perfection work of their fuel equipment.
The results of simulation modeling of the injection process by accumulator fuel delivery system Common Rail of the 50RT-flex engine are presented. On the basis of the functional diagram of system, a calculation model has been compiled that provides a description of the operation of the systems main blocks.
The load characteristic of the fuel equipment is built in the traditional version – the dependence of the fuel delivery parameters from the engine load at a constant speed. For the system under consideration, the control element is the valve assembly connecting the injection control unit (ICU) with injectors. The parameters of the load characteristic in this study are modes with a constant engine speed n=124 rpm and a change in the opening angle of the control valve in the range – jv=6.6–14.4 °CA.
The parameters of the devices that largely determine the characteristics of the fuel delivery and the quality of the working processes of a diesel engine are considered in more details. Such an element of the system is ICU, the working body of which is the dosing piston. The main parameters of its operation when delivering fuel are the magnitude and speed of the stroke. For the load characteristics in the accepted range of the valve control valve opening angle jv from 6.6 to 14.4 °CA (2.18 times), the piston stroke was hp=4.29–8.61 mm (2.0 more). In this case, the dependence of hp on jv is linear.
Area of use of the data received during research, ship crews and the shore services providing operation of vessels are. A material is applied in process of high school and is already used in various educational forms. The given researches are useful to developers and builders of marine diesel engines of a considered class.
Estado del arte sobre la educación en museos (2000-2020): demarcación de un estudio acerca de los procesos educomunicativos en museos de ciencias
Authors: Gomez Mendoza Yolanda 
Published: September 2023

ste artículo presenta resultados de la revisión analítica sobre un corpus de educación en museos, cuyo propósito fue mostrar algunos alcances, posibles tendencias y vacíos, a partir de un análisis de la información con miras a demarcar un estudio acerca de los procesos educomunicativos en un museo de ciencias. Así pues, se configuró un corpus de 65 estudios: nueve para establecer los antecedentes con publicaciones de últimas décadas del siglo xx, y 56 publicados durante un lapso de 20 años a partir del año 2000. De esta forma, fueron implementados seis descriptores a posteriori, en los estados del arte, la alfabetización científica, el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, los educadores de museo, el lenguaje y experiencia, y finalmente, en el análisis semiótico. El análisis sugiere un vínculo entre la educación en museos y aprendizaje, constituyéndose una continuidad en el desarrollo del tema y en la manera de concebir la educación con diferentes acepciones del aprendizaje; este hallazgo resulta revelador debido al carácter cambiante de la institución museal. Además, a partir de las representaciones multimodales usadas tanto en las ciencias como en su enseñanza, emerge el concepto de código semiótico, vinculado a la alfabetización científica en su sentido fundamental, manteniendo abierto el debate acerca de las múltiples modalidades semióticas y el aprendizaje de las ciencias. Finalmente, se concluye que la investigación en el campo concentra su tradición en la dimensión pragmática del fenómeno orientado hacia aspectos psíquicos y sociales, evidenciándose una brecha de conocimiento para su comprensión, pues resulta relevante demarcar un estudio acerca de los procesos educomunicativos como objeto formal para esclarecer la forma en que el conocimiento está siendo recodificado para su transmisión en museos de ciencias.
El análisis sugiere un vínculo entre educación en museos y aprendizaje, constituyéndose en una continuidad en el desarrollo del tema y en la manera de concebir la educación, aunque con diferentes acepciones del aprendizaje; este hallazgo resulta revelador debido al carácter cambiante de la institución museal. Además, a partir de las representaciones multimodales usadas tanto en las ciencias como en su enseñanza emerge el concepto de código semiótico, vinculado a la alfabetización científica en su sentido fundamental. Se mantiene abierto el debate acerca de las múltiples modalidades semióticas y el aprendizaje de las ciencias.
Se concluye que, la investigación en el campo concentra su tradición en la dimensión pragmática del fenómeno orientado hacia aspectos psíquicos y sociales, evidenciándose una brecha de conocimiento para su comprensión. Resulta relevante demarcar un estudio acerca de los procesos educomunicativos como objeto formal para esclarecer la forma en que el conocimiento está siendo recodificado en su transmisión en museos de ciencias.
Management of separation anxiety in pediatric patients in a dental setting
Authors: Kalra Nupur , Sharma Nikita , Bhatia Muskan , Sharma Naresh , Sood Shveta 
Published: September 2023

To inculcate a better understanding and facilitate a better management of separation anxiety seen in children in dental clinic. Separation anxiety is often seen in pediatric patients. Although, not much thought is given to it as parents presume the anxiety to be merely a byproduct of a new environment and unfamiliar faces. It was significant to compile separation anxiety seen in children with a special emphasis on its dental aspect which will aid pedodontists as well as general practitioners in a swift recognition of the symptoms followed by prompt management of pediatric separation anxiety patients in a dental setting.
Investigating the understanding and attitudes of medical practitioners towards the interlink between periodontitis and systemic diseases: A Cross-sectional questionnaire survey
Authors: Ahmed Osama , Mookhtiar Hussain , Shaikh Romaan , Syed Eemaan , Fatema Farooqui Mehvish , Shaikh Imadoddin 
Published: September 2023

Periodontitis ranks as the sixth most prevalent global ailment, impacting around 750 million individuals and standing as a prominent cause of adult dental loss. This study aims to investigate the dental awareness, viewpoints, and recognition of severe oral ailments with potential systemic health implications among distinct medical specialists: Gynecologists, Diabetologists, and Psychiatrists.A questionnaire based survey among three groups of specialist’s, viz. gynecologists (Group A), diabetologists (Group B), and psychiatrists (Group C) was done to gather insights into the participants' knowledge of periodontal disease and its links to systemic conditions. The collected data were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis using Microsoft excel 2013.The findings revealed that 100% of diabetologists were cognizant of the correlation between periodontal health and its systemic implications. Among gynecologist’s 67% recognized the relationship between periodontal health, pregnancy, and women's well-being. Meanwhile, the majority of psychiatrists demonstrated appropriate referral practices when necessary. In contrast, only 47% of diabetologists who were aware of the connection initiated referrals for oral health assessments by dentists. Enhancing awareness and referral rates to dental professionals could potentially foster improved oral health, impacting diverse medical conditions. However, there exists an opportunity to motivate patients to seek dental care independently of their primary healthcare provider's specialization.
Developing an Analytical Model for Knife-Edge Slit Collimator Optimization for Prompt Gamma Imaging in Proton Therapy
Authors: Malekzadeh Etesam 
Published: September 2023

Purpose: Gamma cameras are one of the most promising technologies for in-vivo range monitoring in proton therapy. Monte Carlo (MC) simulation is a common calculation-based technique to design and optimize gamma cameras. However, it is prohibitively time-consuming. Analytical modeling speeds up the process of finding the optimal design.
Materials and Methods: We proposed an analytical method using the efficiency-resolution trade-off for optimizing a knife-edge collimator based on the range retrieval precision of protons. Monte Carlo simulation was used for validation of obtained collimator efficiencies.
Results: The model predicts that for the optimal range retrieval precision, the ratio of the source-to-detector distance to the source-to-collimator distance should be ranging from . For a special case, it was found that assuming an ideal detector , the falloff retrieval precision is optimal at independent of the collimator resolution. Moreover, using the optimized camera, the difference between the MC calculated range and the absolute range was 0.5 cm (the relative error is about 3%).
Conclusion: It was found that the collimator parameters are in good agreement in comparison with that of the MC results reported in the literature. The analytical method studied in this work can be used to design and optimize imaging systems based on KE collimators in combination with new detectors in a fast and reliable way.
Role of Nigella sativa L. in the Management of Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ghamari Mojdeh , Salari Masoumeh , Khodashahi Mandana 
Published: September 2023

Because of the anti-inflammatory properties of thymoquinone (TQ), as the main bioactive substance of Nigella sativa L., this systematic review aimed at assessing the therapeutic effects of N. sativa and its main bioactive substance in the management of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) based on the in vivo, in vitro, and in clinical studies. The methodology was adjusted based on the Cochrane Handbook recommendations. All published articles focusing on N. sativa as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of OA or its animal model were searched up to 20 April 2022 in PubMed, Medline, Web of Sciences, and Scopus databases. The search process was carried out using the following keywords: "Nigella sativa", "Black seed', "Black cumin", and "Thymoquinone" in combination with "Osteoarthritis". Finally, 14 articles remained, including five intervention clinical trial, two human studies, and seven animal studies. Four of five intervention studies showed that N. sativa administration led to relief in pain intensity. In the other clinical trial, no difference was reported between the N. sativa and control groups in terms of pain relief among OA patients. Studies demonstrated the anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective effects of TQ as the main bioactive substance of N. sativa. The evidence confirmed the anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective effects of N. sativa in the management of OA patients. Considering the lack of significant adverse effects such as allergic reaction to N. sativa in the aforementioned studies, this substance can be recommended as a safe adjuvant treatment to relieve OA pain, compared to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and other analgesics.