bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Students' technological ambivalence toward online proctoring and the need for responsible use of educational technologies
Authors: Johri Aditya , Hingle Ashish 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 has led to an unprecedented increase in the use of technology for teaching and learning in higher education institutions (HEIs), including in engineering, computing, and technology programs. Given the urgency of the situation, technologies were often implemented with a short‐term rather than long‐term view.PurposeIn this study, we investigate students' perceptions of the use of video‐based monitoring (VbM) for proctoring exams to better assess its impact on students. We leverage technological ambivalence as a framing lens to analyze students' experiences and perceptions of using VbM and draw implications for responsible use of educational technology.MethodQualitative data were collected from students using focus group interviews and discussion board assignments and analyzed inductively to understand students' experiences.FindingsWe present a framework of how a technological shift of existing practice triggered ambivalence that manifested itself as a sustained negative outlook among students regarding the use of VbM, as well as their institution and instructors. Students accepted the inevitability of the technology but were unconvinced that the benefits of VbM outweighed its risks.ConclusionsAs instructors use educational technologies that are inherently driven by user data and algorithms that are not transparent, it is imperative that they are attentive to the responsible use of technology. To educate future engineers who are ethically and morally responsible, engineering educators and engineering institutions need to exhibit that behavior in their own practices, starting with their use of educational technologies.
Bisphenol S exposure promotes cell apoptosis and mitophagy in murine osteocytes by regulating mtROS signaling
Authors: Shan Weiyan , Niu Wanting , Lin Qiao , Shen Yuchen , Shen Fangmin , Lou Kai , Zhang Yun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBisphenol S (BPS), a safer alternative to bisphenol A, is commonly used as a plasticizer to manufacture various food‐packaging materials. The accumulated BPS inhibits osteoblastic bone formation and promotes osteoclastogenesis, thereby accelerating remarkable bone destruction, but it is unclear whether BPS affects osteocytes, comprising over 95% of all bone cells. This study aimed to investigate the biological effect of BPS on osteocytes in vitro, as well as the detailed mechanism. Results showed that BPS (200, 400 μmol/L) exposure caused dose‐dependently cell death of osteocytes MLO‐Y4, and increased cell apoptosis. BPS induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and mitochondria impairment. Furthermore, BPS upregulated expressions of mitophagy‐related proteins including microtubule‐associated protein light chain 3 (LC‐3) II and PTEN‐induced putative kinase (PINK) 1, accompanied by elevation of autophagy flux and the accumulation of acidic vacuoles; whereas p62 level was downregulated after BPS treatment. Additionally, BPS triggered the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial ROS (mtROS), while it decreased expression levels of nuclear factor E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) and quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). The specific mtROS scavenger MitoTEMPO reversed cell apoptosis and mitophagy, suggesting that mtROS contributes to BPS exposure‐induced apoptosis and mitophagy in MLO‐Y4 cells. Our data first provide novel evidence that apoptosis and mitophagy as cellular mechanisms for the toxic effect of BPS on osteocytes, thereby helping our understanding of the potential role of osteocytes in the adverse effect of BPS and its analogs on bone growth, and supporting strategies targeting bone destruction caused by BPS.
Predicting the Onset of Ischemic Stroke With Fast High‐Resolution 3D MR Spectroscopic Imaging
Authors: Lin Zengping , Meng Ziyu , Wang Tianyao , Guo Rong , Zhao Yibo , Li Yudu , Bo Bin , Guan Yue , Liu Jun , Zhou Hong , Yu Xin , Lin David J. , Liang Zhi‐Pei , Nachev Parashkev , Li Yao 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundNeurometabolite concentrations provide a direct index of infarction progression in stroke. However, their relationship with stroke onset time remains unclear.PurposeTo assess the temporal dynamics of N‐acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine, choline, and lactate and estimate their value in predicting early (<6 hours) vs. late (6–24 hours) hyperacute stroke groups.Study TypeCross‐sectional cohort.PopulationA total of 73 ischemic stroke patients scanned at 1.8–302.5 hours after symptom onset, including 25 patients with follow‐up scans.Field Strength/SequenceA 3 T/magnetization‐prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo sequence for anatomical imaging, diffusion‐weighted imaging and fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery imaging for lesion delineation, and 3D MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) for neurometabolic mapping.AssessmentPatients were divided into hyperacute (0–24 hours), acute (24 hours to 1 week), and subacute (1–2 weeks) groups, and into early (<6 hours) and late (6–24 hours) hyperacute groups. Bayesian logistic regression was used to compare classification performance between early and late hyperacute groups by using different combinations of neurometabolites as inputs.Statistical TestsLinear mixed effects modeling was applied for group‐wise comparisons between NAA, creatine, choline, and lactate. Pearson's correlation analysis was used for neurometabolites vs. time. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsLesional NAA and creatine were significantly lower in subacute than in acute stroke. The main effects of time were shown on NAA (F = 14.321) and creatine (F = 12.261). NAA was significantly lower in late than early hyperacute patients, and was inversely related to time from symptom onset across both groups (r = −0.440). The decrease of NAA and increase of lactate were correlated with lesion volume (NAA: r = −0.472; lactate: r = 0.366) in hyperacute stroke. Discrimination was improved by combining NAA, creatine, and choline signals (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.90).Data ConclusionHigh‐resolution 3D MRSI effectively assessed the neurometabolite changes and discriminated early and late hyperacute stroke lesions.Evidence Level1.Technical EfficacyStage 2.
Inhibiting cardiac autophagy suppresses Zika virus replication
Authors: Ma Xin , Jia Yinnong , Yuan Jing , Tang Qiu‐Ju , Gao Wen‐Cong , Zhou Guang‐Feng , Yang Ren‐Hua , Pang Wei , Zheng Chang‐Bo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractZika Virus (ZIKV) infection is a global threat. Other than the congenital neurological disorders it causes, ZIKV infection has been reported to induce cardiac complications. However, the precise treatment plans are unclear. Thus, illustrating the pathogenic mechanism of ZIKV in the heart is critical to providing effective prevention and treatment of ZIKV infection. The mechanism of autophagy has been reported recently in Dengue virus infection. Whether or not autophagy participates in ZIKV infection and its role remains unrevealed. This study successfully established the in vitro cardiomyocytes and in vivo mouse models of ZIKV infection to investigate the involvement of autophagy in ZIKV infection. The results showed that ZIKV infection is both time and gradient‐dependent. The key autophagy protein, LC3B, increased remarkably after ZIKV infection. Meanwhile, autophagic flux was detected by immunofluorescence. Applying autophagy inhibitors decreased the LC3B levels. Furthermore, the number of viral copies was quantified to evaluate the influence of autophagy during infection. We found that autophagy was actively involved in the ZIKV infection and the inhibition of autophagy could effectively reduce the viral copies, suggesting a potential intervention strategy for reducing ZIKV infection and the undesired complications caused by ZIKV.
Needle‐free injection system delivery of ZyCoV‐D DNA vaccine demonstrated improved immunogenicity and protective efficacy in rhesus macaques against SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Yadav Pragya D. , Kumar Sanjay , Agarwal Kshitij , Jain Mukul , Patil Dilip R. , Maithal Kapil , Mathapati Basavaraj , Giri Suresh , Mohandas Sreelekshmy , Shete Anita , Sapkal Gajanan , Patil Deepak Y. , Dey Ayan , Chandra Harish , Deshpande Gururaj , Gupta Nivedita , Abraham Priya , Kaushal Himanshu , Sahay Rima R. , Tripathy Anuradha , Nyayanit Dimpal , Jain Rajlaxmi , Kumar Abhimanyu , Sarkale Prasad , Baradkar Shreekant , Rajanathan Chozhavel , Raju Hari Prasad , Patel Satish , Shah Niraj , Dwivedi Pankaj , Singh Dharmendra 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe apprehension of needles related to injection site pain, risk of transmitting bloodborne pathogens, and effective mass immunization have led to the development of a needle‐free injection system (NFIS). Here, we evaluated the efficacy of the NFIS and needle injection system (NIS) for the delivery and immunogenicity of DNA vaccine candidate ZyCoV‐D in rhesus macaques against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Briefly, 20 rhesus macaques were divided into 5 groups (4 animals each), that is, I (1 mg dose by NIS), II (2 mg dose by NIS), III (1 mg dose by NFIS), IV (2 mg dose by NFIS) and V (phosphate‐buffer saline [PBS]). The macaques were immunized with the vaccine candidates/PBS intradermally on Days 0, 28, and 56. Subsequently, the animals were challenged with live SARS‐CoV‐2 after 15 weeks of the first immunization. Blood, nasal swab, throat swab, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid specimens were collected on 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 days post infection from each animal to determine immune response and viral clearance. Among all the five groups, 2 mg dose by NFIS elicited significant titers of IgG and neutralizing antibody after immunization with enhancement in their titers postvirus challenge. Besides this, it also induced increased lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine response. The minimal viral load post‐SARS‐CoV‐2 challenge and significant immune response in the immunized animals demonstrated the efficiency of NFIS in delivering 2 mg ZyCoV‐D vaccine candidate.
Complete genome analyses of G12P[8] rotavirus strains from hospitalized children in Surabaya, Indonesia, 2017–2018
Authors: Yamani Laura Navika , Utsumi Takako , Doan Yen Hai , Fujii Yoshiki , Dinana Zayyin , Wahyuni Rury Mega , Gunawan Emily , Soegijanto Soegeng , Athiyyah Alpha Fardah , Sudarmo Subijanto Marto , Ranuh Reza Gunadi , Darma Andy , Soetjipto  , Juniastuti  , Bawono Rheza Gandi , Matsui Chieko , Deng Lin , Abe Takayuki , Shimizu Hiroyuki , Ishii Koji , Katayama Kazuhiko , Lusida Maria Inge , Shoji Ikuo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRotavirus A (RVA) is a major viral cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide. G12 RVA strains have emerged globally since 2007. There has been no report of the whole genome sequences of G12 RVAs in Indonesia. We performed the complete genome analysis by the next‐generation sequencing of five G12 strains from hospitalized children with AGE in Surabaya from 2017 to 2018. All five G12 strains were Wa‐like strains (G12‐P[8]‐I1‐R1‐C1‐M1‐A1‐N1‐T1‐E1‐H1) and were clustered into lineage‐III of VP7 gene phylogenetic tree. STM430 sample was observed as a mixed‐infection between G12 and G1 strains: G12/G1‐P[8]‐I1‐R1‐C1‐M1‐A1‐N1‐T1‐E1‐H1. A phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that all five Indonesian G12 strains (SOEP379, STM371, STM413, STM430, and STM433) were genetically close to each other in all 11 genome segments with 98.0%–100% nucleotide identities, except VP3 and NSP4 of STM430, suggesting that these strains have originated from a similar ancestral G12 RVA. The VP3 and NSP4 genome segments of STM430‐G12P[8] were separated phylogenetically from those of the other four G12 strains, probably due to intra‐genotype reassortment between the G12 and G1 Wa‐like strains. The change from G12P[6] lineage‐II in 2007 to G12P[8] lineage‐III 2017–2018 suggests the evolution and diversity of G12 RVAs in Indonesia over the past approximately 10 years.
MRI‐based measurement of in vivo disc mechanics in a young population due to flexion, extension, and diurnal loading
Authors: Meadows Kyle D. , Peloquin John M. , Newman Harrah R. , Cauchy Peter J. K. , Vresilovic Edward J. , Elliott Dawn M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundIntervertebral disc degeneration is often implicated in low back pain; however, discs with structural degeneration often do not cause pain. It may be that disc mechanics can provide better diagnosis and identification of the pain source. In cadaveric testing, the degenerated disc has altered mechanics, but in vivo, disc mechanics remain unknown. To measure in vivo disc mechanics, noninvasive methods must be developed to apply and measure physiological deformations.AimThus, this study aimed to develop methods to measure disc mechanical function via noninvasive MRI during flexion and extension and after diurnal loading in a young population. This data will serve as baseline disc mechanics to later compare across ages and in patients.Materials & MethodsTo accomplish this, subjects were imaged in the morning in a reference supine position, in flexion, in extension, and at the end of the day in a supine position. Disc deformations and vertebral motions were used to quantify disc axial strain, changes in wedge angle, and anterior–posterior (A‐P) shear displacement. T2 weighted MRI was also used to evaluate disc degeneration via Pfirrmann grading and T2 time. All measures were then tested for effect of sex and disc level.ResultsWe found that flexion and extension caused level‐dependent strains in the anterior and posterior of the disc, changes in wedge angle, and A‐P shear displacements. Flexion had higher magnitude changes overall. Diurnal loading did not cause level‐dependent strains but did cause small level‐dependent changes in wedge angle and A‐P shear displacements.DiscussionCorrelations between disc degeneration and mechanics were largest in flexion, likely due to the smaller contribution of the facet joints in this condition.ConclusionIn summary, this study established methods to measure in vivo disc mechanical function via noninvasive MRI and established a baseline in a young population that may be compared to older subjects and clinical disorders in the future.
Comparison of two methods for ginsenosides quantitation
Authors: Moldoveanu Serban C. , Gan Huamin 
Published: January 2023

The present study provides a comparison of two liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry methods for ginsenosides analysis. The two methods have the same liquid chromatography separation procedure, and both use tandem mass spectrometry detection. However, one method uses multiple reaction monitoring transitions commonly recommended in the literature starting with [M + Na]+ as the molecular ions and with detection of specific fragment ions from the molecules M, while the other is an original method using [M + Cs]+ as molecular ions and Cs+ as fragment ion. The method using [M + Cs]+ as molecular ion has a very high sensitivity allowing the measurement of concentrations in the injecting solutions as low as 4 ng/ml with peaks at this concentration showing signal to noise ratio of 20 or higher. The procedures were utilized for the measurement of eight ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf (S), Rg1, and Rg2), although the method using [M + Cs]+ has the potential for measuring other ginsenosides. As an application, the ginsenosides were measured in several types of ginseng root, several dietary supplements containing ginseng extracts, four energy drinks, and a sample of ashwagandha.
Clinical prognosis of surgical resection versus transarterial chemoembolization for single large hepatocellular carcinoma (≥5 cm): A propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Hsieh Pei‐Min , Hsiao Pojen , Chen Yaw‐Sen , Yeh Jen‐Hao , Hung Chao‐Ming , Lin Hung‐Yu , Ma Ching‐Hou , Tang TaoQian , Huang Yu Wei , Cheng Pin‐Nan , Hsieh Kun‐Chou , Hu Kuang‐Chun , Bair Ming‐Jong , Lin Chih‐Wen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFavorable prognostic factors and therapeutic strategies are important for patients with single large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This retrospective study aimed to investigate the prognostic factors in patients with single large (≥5 cm) HCC with Child‐Pugh (CP) class A patients and to recommend therapeutic strategies. Overall, 298 HCC patients with single and large (≥5 cm) tumors with CP class A, but without distant metastasis and macrovascular invasion were included, and their clinicopathological data, overall survival (OS), and progression‐free survival (PFS) were recorded. OS and PFS was analyzed by the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression analysis. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed. The 298 HCC patients were 79.2% male and median age of 64 years. For the initial treatment, surgical resection (SR) and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) was 50.8% and 49.2%, respectively. The OS and PFS were significantly higher in patients receiving SR than those receiving TACE before and after PSM. Furthermore, in multivariate analysis, cirrhosis (Hazard ratio [HR]: 2.04; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.35–3.03, p < 0.001, CP class A5/6 [HR: 4.01; 95% CI: 2.43–6.66, p < 0.001], and initial treatment [SR vs. TACE HR = 3.23; 95% CI: 2.13–5.01, p < 0.001]) remained significantly associated with mortality. Moreover, in multivariate analysis, CP class A5/6 (HR: 3.23; 95% CI: 1.89–5.88, p < 0.001), and initial treatment (Resection vs. TACE; HR = 4.17; 95% CI: 1.64–8.33, p = 0.039) remained significantly associated with recurrence. In conclusion, SR was associated with significantly higher OS and PFS rates than TACE before and after PSM for single large HCC patients.
Assessment of a new olfactometer for study of sensory ecology in small aquatic organisms
Authors: Vondriska Clayton , Sikkel Paul C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAll aquatic organisms rely on chemical stimuli at some point during their life cycles. These stimuli are typically associated with essential functions such as food‐, mate‐, or habitat‐finding, or predator avoidance. Historically, research on sensory ecology and behavior of aquatic organisms has been conducted using two‐channel choice flumes, which have many limitations when utilized on small organisms. Here, we describe functional features and results of pilot tests of an aquatic olfactometer, adapted from olfactometers used in studies on terrestrial arthropods, which eliminates these limitations. The initial implementation of this olfactometer is described. The structural integrity, hydrodynamics, and basic function of the olfactometer were tested and verified. The ability to clearly record the movements of a small organism within was also tested. Our experiments verify that the flow rate of water within the choice arena was accurate, water behaved as theorized in prior modeling, and chemical concentrations within each “zone” were distributed as expected based on computer simulations. We further show that video data could be obtained and analyzed using Ethovision XT to provide large amounts of raw data, including position, velocity, and acceleration, which can be used to investigate many potential questions associated with behavior. This olfactometer has the potential to become the new standard for research on chemotaxis and chemical ecology of small aquatic organisms.
Remarks on j−$j-$eigenfunctions of operators
Authors: Edmunds David E. , Lang Jan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe paper is largely concerned with the possibility of obtaining a series representation for a compact linear map T acting between Banach spaces. It is known that, using the notions of eigenfunctions and eigenvalues, such a representation is possible under certain conditions on T. Particular cases discussed include those in which T can be factorized through a Hilbert space, or has certain s‐numbers that are fast‐decaying. The notion of p‐compactness proves to be useful in this context; we give examples of maps that possess this property.
Monte Carlo‐derived 99mTc uptake quantification with commercial planar MBI: Tumor and breast activity concentrations
Authors: Lopez Benjamin P. , Kappadath S. Cheenu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundCurrent molecular breast imaging (MBI) images are limited to qualitative evaluation, not absolute measurement, of 99mTc uptake in benign and malignant breast tissues.PurposeThis work assesses the accuracy of previously‐published and newly‐proposed tumor and normal breast tissue 99mTc uptake MBI measurements using simulations of a commercial dual‐headed planar MBI system under typical clinical and acquisition protocols.MethodsQuantification techniques were tested in over 4000 simulated acquisitions of spherical and ellipsoid tumors with clinically relevant uptake conditions using a validated Monte Carlo application of the GE Discovery NM750b system. The evaluated techniques consisted of four tumor total activity methodologies (two single‐detector‐based and two geometric‐mean‐based), two tumor MBI volume methodologies (diameter‐based and ROI‐based), and two normal tissue activity concentration methodologies (single‐detector‐based and geometric‐mean‐based). The most accurate of these techniques were then used to estimate tumor activity concentrations and tumor to normal tissue relative activity concentrations (RC).ResultsSingle‐detector techniques for tumor total activity quantification achieved mean (standard deviation) relative errors of 0.2% (4.3%) and 1.6% (4.4%) when using the near and far detector images, respectively and were more accurate and precise than the measured 8.1% (5.8%) errors of a previously published geometric‐mean technique. Using these activity estimates and the true tumor volumes resulted in tumor activity concentration and RC errors within 10% of simulated values. The precision of tumor activity concentration and RC when using only MBI measurements were largely driven by the errors in estimating tumor MBI volume using planar images (± 30% inter‐quartile range).ConclusionsPlanar MBI images were shown to accurately and reliably be used to estimate tumor total activities and normal tissue activity concentrations in this simulation study. However, volumetric tumor uptake measurements (i.e., absolute and relative concentrations) are limited by inaccuracies in MBI volume estimation using two‐dimensional images, highlighting the need for either tomographic MBI acquisitions or anatomical volume estimates for accurate three‐dimensional tumor uptake estimates.