bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonfatal Injuries From Falls Among U.S. Military Personnel Deployed for Combat Operations, 2001-2018
Authors: Stern Caryn A , Liendo Jessica A , Graham Brock A , Johnson Grant M , Kotwal Russ S , Shackelford Stacy , Gurney Jennifer M , Janak Jud C 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Falls are a leading mechanism of injury. Hospitalization and outpatient clinic visits due to fall injury are frequently reported among both deployed and non-deployed U.S. Military personnel. Falls have been previously identified as a leading injury second only to sports and exercise as a cause for non-battle air evacuations.

Materials and Methods
This retrospective study analyzed the Department of Defense Trauma Registry fall injury data from September 11, 2001 to December 31, 2018. Deployed U.S. Military personnel with fall listed as one of their mechanisms of injury were included for analysis.

Results
Of 31,791 injured U.S. Military personnel captured by the Department of Defense Trauma Registry within the study time frame, a total of 3,101 (9.8%) incurred injuries from falls. Those who had fall injuries were primarily 21 to 30 years old (55.4%), male (93.1%), Army (75.6%), and enlisted personnel (56.9%). The proportion of casualties sustaining injuries from falls generally increased through the years of the study. Most fall injuries were classified as non-battle injury (91.9%). Falls accounted for 24.2% of non-battle injury hospital admissions with a median hospital stay of 2 days. More non-battle-related falls were reported in Iraq-centric military operations (62.7%); whereas more battle-related falls were reported in Afghanistan-centric military operations (58.3%).

Conclusions
This study is the largest analysis of deployed U.S. Military personnel injured by falls to date. Highlighted are preventive strategies to mitigate fall injury, reduce workforce attrition, and preserve combat mission capability.

Level of Evidence
Level III Epidemiologic.
Modelling the CO streamers in the explosive ejection of Orion BN/KL region
Authors: Rodríguez-González A , Rivera-Ortiz P R , Castellanos-Ramírez A , Raga A C , Hernández-Martínez L , Cantó J , Zapata L A , Robles-Valdez F 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
We present reactive gasdynamic, axisymmetric simulations of dense, high-velocity clumps for modelling the CO streamers observed in Orion BN/KL. We have considered 15 chemical species, a cooling function for atomic and molecular gas, and heating through cosmic rays. Our numerical simulations explore different ejection velocities, interstellar medium density configurations, and CO content. Using the CO density and temperature, we have calculated the CO (J = 2 → 1) emissivity, and have built CO maps and spatially resolved line profiles, allowing us to see the CO emitting regions of the streamers and to obtain position velocity diagrams to compare with observations. We find that in order to reproduce the images and line profiles of the BN/KL CO streamers and H2 fingers, we need to have clumps that first travel within a dense cloud core, and then emerge into a lower-density environment.
The VISCACHA survey – VI. Dimensional study of the structure of 82 star clusters in the Magellanic Clouds
Authors: Rodríguez M Jimena , Feinstein C , Baume G , Dias B , Maia F S M , Santos J F C , Kerber L , Minniti D , Pérez-Villegas A , De Bórtoli B , Parisi M C , Oliveira R A P 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a study of the internal structure of 82 star clusters located at the outer regions of the Large Magellanic Cloud and the Small Magellanic Cloud using data of the VISCACHA Survey. Through the construction of the minimum spanning tree, which analyses the relative position of stars within a given cluster, it was possible to characterize the internal structure and explore the fractal or subclustered distribution for each cluster. We computed the parameters $\overline{m}$ (which is the average length of the connected segments normalized by the area), $\overline{s}$ (which is the mean points separation in units of cluster radius), and Q (the ratio of these components). These parameters are useful to distinguish between radial, homogeneous, and substructured distributions of stars. The dependence of these parameters with the different characteristics of the clusters, such as their ages and spatial distribution, was also studied. We found that most of the studied clusters present a homogeneous stellar distribution or a distribution with a radial concentration. Our results are consistent with the models, suggesting that more dynamically evolved clusters seem to have larger Q values, confirming previous results from numerical simulations. There also seems to be a correlation between the internal structure of the clusters and their galactocentric distances, in the sense that for both galaxies, the more distant clusters have larger Q values. We also paid particular attention to the effects of contamination by non-member field stars and its consequences finding that field star decontamination is crucial for these kinds of studies.
A Salmonella enterica Serovar Oranienburg Clone Caused a Cluster of Bacteremia Cases in Persons With No Recognizable Underlying Diseases in Japan
Authors: Ooka Tadasuke , Gotoh Yasuhiro , Hatanaka Shigeki , Yoshimori Miyuki , Nishitarumizu Kazutaka , Kojo Kanami , Kosakamoto Hiroki , Sameshima Koji , Kuroki Yoichi , Chibana Naomi , Doi Yuriko , Yoshino Shuji , Harada Tetsuya , Seto Kazuko , Ikeda Tetsuya , Miyanohara Hiroaki , Nakayama Koichiro , Gokuden Mutsuyo , Imuta Naoko , Kawamura Hideki , Ogura Yoshitoshi , Hayashi Tetsuya , Nishi Junichiro 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Oranienburg (SO) is a foodborne pathogen but rarely causes systemic infections such as bacteremia. Between July and September 2018, bacteremia cases caused by SO were identified in 12 persons without any underlying medical conditions in the southern Kyushu area of Japan.

Methods
Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was performed to investigate the genetic similarity of the 12 bacteremia-related strains and other Japanese isolates. Furthermore, a series of whole-genome sequence (WGS)–based phylogenetic analyses was performed with a global SO strain set (n = 1648).

Results
The resolution power of RAPD was insufficient to investigate the genetic similarity between the bacteremia-related strains and other strains. WGS-based phylogenetic analyses revealed that the bacteremia-related strains formed a tight cluster along with 2 strains isolated from asymptomatic carriers in 2018 in the same area, with a maximum within-cluster single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) distance of 11. While several strains isolated in the United States and the United Kingdom were found to be closely related to the bacteremia-related strains, 2 strains isolated in 2016 in the southern Kyushu area were most closely related, with SNP distances of 4–11 and 5–10, and had the same plasmids as the bacteremia-related strains.

Conclusions
The 12 bacteremia cases identified were caused by a single SO clone. As none of the bacteremia patients had any underlying diseases, this clone may be prone to cause bacteremia. Although further analyses are required to understand its virulence, particular attention should be given to this clone and its close relatives in the surveillance of nontyphoidal salmonellae.
A Longitudinal Study of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antibody Response in a Subset of United States Blood Donors
Authors: Tonnetti Laura , Dodd Roger Y , Burke Donna D , Saá Paula , Spencer Bryan R , Xu Meng , Haynes James M , Stramer Susan L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Blood donors were tested for antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); resulting antibody levels were monitored over time.

Methods
Donors reactive to anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S1-total antibodies) participated in a follow-up study of 18 months. Testing for nucleocapsid antibodies distinguished between vaccination and infection. Vaccination and symptom information were collected for anti-S1-reactive donors by completing a survey.

Results
The majority of 249 followed donors were over 60 years old (54%), White (90%), and female (58%); 83% had not been vaccinated at enrollment, but by study completion, only 29% remained nonvaccinated. Of the 210 (84%) anti-N-reactive donors, 138 (66%) reported vaccination, whereas 37 (95%) of donors vaccinated and anti-N negative at enrollment remained uninfected. Vaccinated (2 doses) and infected donors showed a steady increase in anti-S1 that increased markedly for vaccinated donors after a booster and infected donors after vaccination (slightly higher for those with hybrid immunity), whereas anti-N levels declined. Most surveyed nonvaccinated donors (65%) reported symptoms, whereas 85% of vaccinated donors were asymptomatic. A coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis was reported by 48 (31%) nonvaccinated and 3 (8%) vaccinated donors. Of asymptomatic donors, 38% never tested diagnostically for COVID-19, and 35% tested negative, suggesting an absence of knowledge of the infection.

Conclusions
Healthy blood donors were vaccinated at high rates and remained mostly asymptomatic and noninfected, whereas approximately two thirds of infected donors reported symptoms. Anti-S1 levels increased while anti-N decreased over 18 months but remained comparable between vaccinated and hybrid immune individuals with dramatic anti-S1 increases after vaccination or boosting.
Mucilage protects the planktonic desmid Staurodesmus sp. against parasite attack by a chytrid fungus
Authors: Van Den Wyngaert Silke , Kainz Martin J , Ptacnik Robert 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Zoosporic fungi of the phylum Chytridiomycota are ubiquitous parasites of phytoplankton in aquatic ecosystems, but little is known about phytoplankton defense strategies against parasitic chytrid attacks. Using a model chytrid-phytoplankton pathosystem, we experimentally tested the hypothesis that the mucilage envelope of a mucilage-forming desmid species provides protection against the parasitic chytrid Staurastromyces oculus. Mucilage-forming Staurodesmus cells were not accessible to the chytrid, whereas physical removal of the mucilage envelope rendered the same Staurodesmus sp. strain equally susceptible to chytrid infections as the original non-mucilage-forming host Staurastrum sp. Epidemic spread of the parasite only occurred in Staurastrum sp., whereas non-mucilage-bearing Staurodesmus sp. allowed for co-existence of host and parasite, and mucilage-bearing Staurodesmus sp. caused parasite extinction. In addition to the mucilage defense barrier, we also demonstrate the ability of both Staurastrum sp. and Staurodesmus sp. to resist infection by preventing chytrid development while still remaining viable and being able to reproduce and thus recover from an infection. This study extends our knowledge on phytoplankton defense traits and the functional role of mucilage in phytoplankton as a physical barrier against fungal parasites.
Let the Worst One Fail: A Credible Solution to the Too-Big-To-Fail Conundrum
Authors: Philippon Thomas , Wang Olivier 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe study time-consistent bank resolution mechanisms. The key constraint is that governments cannot avoid bailouts that are ex post efficient. Contrary to common wisdom, we show that the government may still avoid moral hazard and implement the first-best allocation by using the distribution of bailouts across banks to provide incentives. We analyze properties of credible tournament mechanisms that provide support to the best-performing banks and resolve the worst-performing ones. We extend our mechanism and show that it continues to perform well when banks are imperfect substitutes, when they are differentially interconnected as long as bailout funds can be earmarked, and when their risk-taking is driven by overoptimism instead of moral hazard.
Artificial intelligence in osteoarthritis: repair by knee joint distraction shows association of pain, radiographic and immunological outcomes
Authors: Jansen Mylène P , Salzlechner Christoph , Barnes Eleanor , DiFranco Matthew D , Custers Roel J H , Watt Fiona E , Vincent Tonia L , Mastbergen Simon C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Knee joint distraction (KJD) has been associated with clinical and structural improvement and SF marker changes. The current objective was to analyse radiographic changes after KJD using an automatic artificial intelligence-based measurement method and relate these to clinical outcome and SF markers.

Methods
Twenty knee osteoarthritis patients were treated with KJD in regular care. Radiographs and WOMAC were collected before and ∼1 year post-treatment. SF was aspirated before, during and after treatment; biomarker levels were assessed by immunoassay. Radiographs were analysed to obtain compartmental minimum and standardized joint space width (JSW), Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) grades, compartmental joint space narrowing (JSN) scores, and osteophytosis and sclerosis scores. Results were analysed for the most affected compartment (MAC) and least affected compartment. Radiographic changes were analysed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test for categorical and paired t-test for continuous variables. Linear regression was used to calculate associations between changes in JSW, WOMAC pain and SF markers.

Results
Sixteen patients could be evaluated. JSW, KL and JSN improved in around half of the patients, significant only for MAC JSW (P &lt; 0.05). MAC JSW change was positively associated with WOMAC pain change (P &lt; 0.04). Greater monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and lower TGFβ-1 increases were significantly associated with changes in MAC JSW (P &lt; 0.05). MCP-1 changes were positively associated with WOMAC pain changes (P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusion
Automatic radiographic measurements show improved joint structure in most patients after KJD in regular care. MAC JSW increased significantly and was associated with SF biomarker level changes and even with improvements in pain as experienced by these patients.
Myricetin treatment has ameliorative effects in DNFB-induced atopic dermatitis mice under high-fat conditions
Authors: Gao Jie-Fang , Tang Liu , Luo Fei , Chen Lu , Zhang Yi-Yuan , Ding Hong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory cutaneous disorder. Obesity is associated with increased prevalence and severity of AD for reasons that remain poorly understood. Myricetin, a dietary flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables, is known to have anti-inflammatory effects, but its role in AD is unclear. Thus, we investigated the effects of obesity on exacerbation AD lesions and evaluated the effects of myricetin on obese AD. Mice were fed normal diet (ND) or high-fat diet, and then 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene was used to induce AD-like lesions. We found that obesity exacerbated AD lesions, and myricetin topical administration ameliorated symptoms and skin lesions of obsess AD mice, such as dermatitis scores, scratching behavior, epidermal thickness, and mast cell infiltration. In addition, myricetin reduced the levels of immunoglobulin E and histamine, inhibited the infiltration of CD4+T cells, and modulated the expression of Th1, Th2, Th17, and Th22 cytokines and pro-inflammatory factors (CCL17, CCL22, IL-1β, and TGF-β). Moreover, myricetin restored impaired barrier function by reducing transepidermal water loss, increasing lamellar body secretion, as well as upregulating the mRNA and protein expression of filaggrin. Western blot results showed that significantly increased levels of phosphorylated IκB and NF-κB p65 was observed in the obese AD mice compared with the AD mice fed ND, whereas the myricetin could downregulated the phosphorylations of IκB and NF-κB, and inhibited mRNA expression of iNOS and COX2. Taken together, our results suggest that myricetin treatment exhibits potentially protective effects against the obeseassociated AD by inhibiting inflammatory response and restoring skin barrier function.
Exploring Mentoring Relationships Among Novice Nurse Faculty: A Grounded Theory
Authors: Busby Katie Ruth , Draucker Claire Burke , Reising Deanna L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

AIM
The aim of this study was to develop a theoretical framework that describes the mentoring process from the perspectives of novice nurse faculty.

BACKGROUND
Additional nurse faculty are needed to help combat the nurse faculty shortage, but many who enter the faculty role come from professional and educational backgrounds that may not equate to success with the tripartite faculty role. Mentoring is promoted as an intervention for career development. Little is known about the process of mentoring relationships and the transition among novice nurse faculty into academia.

METHOD
Grounded theory was used to interview full-time novice nurse faculty (N = 21) with three years or less in the faculty role from US nursing programs.

RESULTS
The theoretical framework Creating Mentorship Pathways to Navigate Academia captures the process of mentoring as experienced by novice nurse faculty.

CONCLUSION
Participants created mentorship pathways to navigate academia by acquiring knowledge, meeting expectations, and functioning in the faculty role.
Short-term outcomes of perilunate dislocations and perilunate fracture-dislocations: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Shariatzadeh Hooman , Najd Mazhar Farid , Hosseinzadeh Danial 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Perilunate dislocations (PLD) and perilunate fracture-dislocations (PLFD) are rare, but serious wrist injuries. This study reports the radiographic and clinical outcomes of PLD/PLFD in a series of 30 patients.

Methods:
Thirty patients with PLD (n=4) or PLFD (n=26) and a mean follow-up of 17.2 mo (range 12 to 21) were included in this retrospective study. Radiographic outcomes included the scapholunate angle, scapholunate interval, and carpal height ratio. Clinical outcomes included the wrist range of motion (ROM), pinch, and grip strength. Wrist function was assessed by a modified Mayo wrist score.

Results:
At the final follow-up, the scapholunate angle and interval were above the normal value in 10 and three patients, respectively. The carpal height ratio was normal in all patients. The mean wrist flexion was 44.2±15.8 degrees. The mean wrist extension was 28.3±15.4 degrees. The mean radial deviation was 14.3±4.3 degrees. The mean ulnar deviation was 18.4±6.3 degrees. The mean grip strength was 50.4±11.6 lb. in the involved wrist and 54.6±13.3 lb. in the noninvolved wrist (P=0.27). The mean pinch strength was 9.1±2.1 lb. in the involved wrist and 9.5±1.8 lb. in the noninvolved wrist (P=0.15). The mean modified Mayo score of the patients was 65.5±10. Postoperative stiffness, pain, and carpal instability were observed in six, five, and nine patients, respectively.

Conclusions:
Surgical treatment of PLD/PLFD provides satisfactory radiographic outcomes. Clinical outcomes seem to be less satisfactory, even after prompt diagnosis and treatment.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV
Internal Fixation Versus Hemiarthroplasty for Nondisplaced Femoral Neck Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sattari Shahab Aldin , Guilbault Ryan , MacMahon Aoife , Salem Hytham S. , Khanuja Harpal S. 
Published: December 2022

Objective:
To compare internal fixation (IF) versus hemiarthroplasty (HA) for elderly individuals (ie, older than 65 years) with nondisplaced (ie, Garden type I or II) femoral neck fracture (FNF).

Data Source:
We searched English literature of MEDLINE, PubMed, and Embase from inception to December 4, 2021.

Study Selection:
Eligibility criteria were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) compared IF versus HA for elderly individuals with nondisplaced FNF. Primary outcomes were Harris hip score (HHS), quality of life per European Quality of Life 5 Dimension (EQ-5D), and mortality. Secondary outcomes were complications, reoperation, intraoperative bleeding, operation duration, and length of hospital stay.

Data Extraction:
Two authors separately extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies using Cochrane risk-of-bias tool.

Data Synthesis:
Three RCTs yielding 400 patients were enrolled, of which 203 (50.7%) underwent IF. Internal fixation was inferior to HA with respect to 6-month HHS [mean difference (MD) = −8.28 (−14.46, −2.10), P = 0.009] and 1-year EQ-5D [MD = −0.07 (−0.14, −0.00), P = 0.04]. The 2 techniques were comparable regarding length of hospital stay (day), HHS at 1 and 2 years, EQ-5D at 2 years, and mortality. IF was inferior to HA in implant-related complication [20.1% vs. 6.0%, relative risk (RR) = 3.18 (1.72, 5.88), P = 0.0002] and reoperation rate [20.1% vs. 6.0%, RR = 3.30 (1.79, 6.08), P = 0.0001]. Hemiarthroplasty had a greater blood loss (mL) [MD = −138.88 (−209.58, −68.18), P = 0.001] and operation duration (min) [MD = −23.27 (−44.95, −1.60), P = 0.04] compared with IF.

Conclusion:
HA is the preferred technique for nondisplaced FNF if early recovery, higher mobility, and better quality of life are priorities. The choice of fixation should be weighed on an individual patient level.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Prehospital Cardiovascular Autoregulatory Disturbances Correlate With the Functional Neuroanatomy of Acute Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Clark Jillian M. , Bednarz Jana M. , Batchelor Peter E. , Skeers Peta , Freeman Brian J.C. 
Published: December 2022

Study Design.
Retrospective study.

Objective.
The importance of attenuating the cardiovascular autoregulatory disturbances accompanying acute spinal cord injury (SCI) has long been recognized. This report assembles SCI emergency service data and correlates cardiovascular parameters to preserved functional neuroanatomy.

Summary of Background Data.
The nascent nature of evidence-based reporting of prehospital cardiovascular autoregulatory disturbances in SCI indicates the need to assemble more information.

Materials and Methods.
SCI data for <24 hours were extracted from ambulance and hospital records. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) was calculated. The International Standard for Neurological Classification of SCI (ISNCSCI) evaluates the primary outcome of motor incomplete injury (grades C/D) at acute presentation. Logistic regression was adjusted for multiple confounders that were expected to influence the odds of grade C/D.

Results.
A cohort of 99 acute SCI cases was retained; mean (SD) age 40.7±20.5 years, 88 male, 84 tetraplegic, 65 grades A/B (motor complete injury), triage time 2±1.6 hours. The lowest recorded prehospital MAP [mean (SD): 77.9±19, range: 45–145 mm Hg] approached the nadir for adequate organ perfusion. Thirty-four (52%) grade A/B and 10 (30%) C/D cases had MAP readings <85 mm Hg. In data adjusted for age, injury level, and triage time a 5 mm Hg increase in the lowest MAP value was associated with a 34% increase in the odds of having motor incomplete injury at acute presentation (adjusted odds ratio=1.34; 95% CI: 1.11–1.61; P=0.002).

Conclusion.
An important observation with implications for timely and selective cardiovascular resuscitation during SCI prehospital care involves significant negative associations between the depth of systemic hypotension and preserved functional neuroanatomy. Regardless of the mechanism, our confounder-adjusted logistic regression model extends in-hospital evidence and provides a conceptual bedside-bench framework for future investigations.