bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Der ‚Tabes-Syphilis-Streit‘ Ein Disput über
die Ursache der Tabes dorsalis und der progressiven Paralyse am Ende des 19.
Jahrhunderts
Authors: Steinberg Holger 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungSeit einigen Jahren steigt die Inzidenz der Syphilis und neuroluetischer
Krankheitsbilder. Damit gewinnen auch Tabes dorsalis und progressive Paralyse
wieder an Relevanz in der Neurologie. Um das Verständnis der
Ätiologie dieser Krankheitsbilder wurde in den letzten beiden
Jahrzehnten des 19. Jahrhunderts gerade auch in der deutschen Nervenheilkunde
eine hitzige Debatte geführt, der sogenannte
‚Tabes-Syphilis-Streit‘. Wilhelm Erb hatte 1879 in einem viel
beachteten Vortrag die deutsche Nervenärzteschaft dazu aufgerufen,
endlich zielstrebig die Klärung der Ursache der Tabes dorsalis
anzugehen. Er selbst postulierte v. a. auf Grund von
Krankheitsstatistiken eine vorherige syphilitische Infektion als
hauptsächliches Moment. Die Lösung dieser Frage drängte,
denn der Anteil der Patienten in den psychiatrischen Anstalten, die an
progressiver Paralyse litten, bei der enge Parallelen zur Tabes gesehen wurden,
nahm rapide zu. Die Berliner Nervenärzte Carl Westphal, Ernst Julius
Remak, Martin Bernhardt und Ernst Victor von Leyden empfanden Erbs These als
Fehdehandschuh. Sie sahen die Ursachen von Tabes und progressiver Paralyse in
sozialen Verelendungsprozessen wie feucht-kalten Wohnverhältnissen, in
körperlich einseitigen Arbeitsüberlastungen oder in den
Strapazen von Soldaten im Heer. Als Anlass einer traumatischen Tabes nahmen sie
Erschütterungen oder Prellungen an. Der Leipziger Nervenarzt Paul Julius
Möbius sprach als Erster zwischen 1890 und 1897 aus, dass die einzige
Ursache von Tabes und progressiver Paralyse eine vorherige Syphilis sei.
Konsequent schloss er alle anderen ätiologischen Theorien aus. Vor allem
die bakteriologische und mikrobiologische Forschung der Folgejahre gab
Möbius recht. Somit konnten 40 Jahre nach Erbs Vortrag neben
diagnostischen auch therapeutische Verfahren gezielt entwickelt und angewendet
werden.
Psychedelika in der Psychiatrie – Entwicklungen und die
Stellung in Deutschland
Authors: Herwig Uwe , Mertens Lea , Rosal Sergio Pérez , Koller Gabriele , Jungaberle Andrea , Borgwardt Stefan , Gründer Gerhard 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungIn den letzten Jahren erlebte die klinische Forschung zur therapeutischen
Wirksamkeit von Psychedelika eine Art Renaissance. Der aktuelle Stand
wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse zur Wirksamkeit bei verschiedenen
psychiatrischen Indikationen, wie auch die bereits unter bestimmten
Voraussetzungen genehmigungsfähige Anwendung einiger psychedelischer
Substanzen in der klinischen Praxis in manchen Ländern der Welt, legen
die Möglichkeit einer zukünftigen Anwendung im klinischen
Setting auch in Deutschland nahe. Dabei steht das Feld noch vor großen
Herausforderungen inklusive der Notwendigkeit einer kritischen Gestaltung der
Rahmenbedingungen für einen möglichen klinischen Einsatz. In
diesem Artikel wird auf die historischen Hintergründe der klinischen
Anwendung von Psychedelika eingegangen, um dann Aspekte wie
Psychophänomenologie, Wirkmodelle, mögliche Indikationen und
Pharmakosicherheit zu beleuchten. Anschließend wird der aktuelle Stand
der Forschung und auch der Organisation von Fachgesellschaften in Deutschland im
historischen und internationalen Kontext betrachtet, wie auch kritische Aspekte
und noch zu klärende Fragen in dem Themenfeld.
Shining a Light on Dissipative Supramolecular Assemblies
Authors: Schmidt Bernd M. , Nieland Esther , Voss Jona 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe recently reported photoresponsive, dissipative, and dynamic covalent macrocycles that use visible-light photoswitching. Several other exciting contributions involving the use of metal–organic and metal-free supramolecular assemblies have been published back-to-back; here, we have a closer look at these contributions, together with an in-depth insight into our macrocyclic system.1	Introduction2	Photoswitchable Dissipative Supramolecular Systems3	Photoresponsive Dynamic Covalent Imine Macrocycles4	Conclusion
Common Key Genes in Differentiating Parathyroid Adenoma From Thyroid Adenoma
Authors: Lin Yanbin , He Jinxuan , Mou Zhixiang , Tian Yuchen , Chen Huiting , Guan Tianjun , Chen Lan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated the close relationship between parathyroid adenoma (PA) and thyroid follicular adenoma (FTA). However, the underlying pathogenesis remains unknown. This study focused on exploring common pathogenic genes, as well as the pathogenesis of these two diseases, through bioinformatics methods. This work obtained PA and FTA datasets from the Integrated Gene Expression Database to identify the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of two diseases. The functions of the genes were investigated by GO and KEGG enrichment. The program CytoHubba was used to select the hub genes, while receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted to evaluate the predictive significance of the hub genes. The DGIbd database was used to identify gene-targeted drugs. This work detected a total of 77 DEGs. Enrichment analysis demonstrated that DEGs had activities of 3′,5′-cyclic AMP, and nucleotide phosphodiesterases and were associated with cell proliferation. NOS1, VWF, TGFBR2, CAV1, and MAPK1 were identified as hub genes after verification. The area under the curve of PA and FTA was>0.7, and the hub genes participated in the Relaxin Signaling Pathway, focal adhesion, and other pathways. The construction of the mRNA-miRNA interaction network yielded 11 important miRNAs, while gene-targeting drug prediction identified four targeted drugs with possible effects. This bioinformatics study demonstrated that cell proliferation and tumor suppression and the hub genes co-occurring in PA and FTA, have important effects on the occurrence and progression of two diseases, which make them potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Screening of Therapeutic Targets for Pancreatic Cancer by
Bioinformatics Methods
Authors: Xiao Xiaojie , Wan Zheng , Liu Xinmei , Chen Huaying , Zhao Xiaoyan , Ding Rui , Cao Yajun , Zhou Fangyuan , Qiu Enqi , Liang Wenrong , Ou Juanjuan , Chen Yifeng , Chen Xueting , Zhang Hongjian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPancreatic cancer (PC) has the lowest survival rate and the highest mortality
rate among all cancers due to lack of effective treatments. The objective of the
current study was to identify potential therapeutic targets in PC. Three
transcriptome datasets, namely GSE62452, GSE46234, and GSE101448, were analyzed
for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between cancer and normal samples.
Several bioinformatics methods, including functional analysis, pathway
enrichment, hub genes, and drugs were used to screen therapeutic targets for PC.
Fisher’s exact test was used to analyze functional enrichments. To
screen DEGs, the paired t-test was employed. The statistical significance was
considered at p <0.05. Overall, 60 DEGs were detected. Functional
enrichment analysis revealed enrichment of the DEGs in “multicellular
organismal process”, “metabolic process”, “cell
communication”, and “enzyme regulator activity”. Pathway
analysis demonstrated that the DEGs were primarily related to
“Glycolipid metabolism”, “ECM-receptor
interaction”, and “pathways in cancer”. Five hub genes
were examined using the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Among these
hub genes, 10 known drugs targeted to the CPA1 gene and CLPS gene were found.
Overall, CPA1 and CLPS genes, as well as candidate drugs, may be useful for PC
in the future.
Ligand-Free Palladium-Catalyzed Substoichiometric Base ­Mediated Carbonylation of Aryl Iodides with Alkenylboronic Acids under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Tang Lili , Gao Yanqun , Ouyang Yuejun , Han Wei , Chen Junjie , Yang Linlin , Xiao Bing , Shen Ge 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA highly efficient, practical, and ligand-free palladium-catalyzed carbonylation of aryl iodides with alkenylboronic acids has been developed. A variety of chalcones and α-branched enones were isolated in satisfactory to good yields with good substrate compatibilities under an ambient pressure of CO at room temperature. Moreover, the transformation proceeds well in the presence of a substoichiometric amount of base. The merit of this strategy as a late-stage functionalization platform has been demonstrated by modifications of complex substrates derived from estrone and 3-phenyl-l-alanine.
Total Synthesis of Fused Polycyclic Alkaloids Based on Oxidative Phenolic Couplings and Aza-Michael Reactions
Authors: Odagi Minami , Nagasawa Kazuo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAlkaloids with fused polycyclic frameworks are attractive targets for synthetic organic chemists because of their structural complexity and biological activities, and a variety of strategies for their synthesis have been developed. Herein, we describe our strategy of utilizing oxidative phenolic coupling and a regioselective intramolecular aza-Michael reaction to generate fused polycyclic structural frameworks, and its application for the total syntheses of (+)-gracilamine and various hasubanan alkaloids.1	Introduction2	Total Synthesis of (+)-Gracilamine3	Synthetic Studies on Monoterpene Indole Alkaloids4	Total Synthesis of Hasubanan Alkaloids5	Summary
COVID-19 Vaccine-Associated Immune Thrombosis and Thrombocytopenia (VITT): Diagnostic Discrepancies and Global Implications
Authors: Zidan Ali , Noureldin Abdelrahman , Kumar Shreya Anil , Elsebaie Abdelrahman , Othman Maha 
Published: January 2023

AbstractVaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) has been reported in association with the coronavirus disease 2019 preventative adenovirus vector-based vaccines ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Oxford/AstraZeneca) and Ad26.COV2.S (Janssen/Johnson & Johnson) in hundreds of recipients across the globe. VITT is characterized by thrombosis, typically at unusual sites, low fibrinogen, and elevated plasma D-dimer, generally manifesting between 4 and 28 days following vaccination. Detection of anti-platelet factor antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is often confirmatory. Although several similar principles subside in most diagnostic criteria for VITT, the presentation of a positive ELISA assay, use of expert hematology and neurology opinion, and exclusion of possible VITT cases outside the “standard” 4 to 28-day timeframe have contributed a lack of global standardization for defining VITT. Accordingly, the global and regional incidence of VITT differs according to the diagnostic pathway and case definition used. This has influenced the public perception of VITT's severity and the decision to use adenovirus vector-based vaccines for limiting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. We hereby delineate the recognized pathogenic mechanisms, global incidence, discrepancies in diagnostic criteria, recommended treatments, and global implications to vaccine hesitancy from this coagulopathy.
Scaling waveguide-integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detector solutions to large numbers of independent optical channels
Authors: Häußler Matthias , Terhaar Robin , Wolff Martin A. , Gehring Helge , Beutel Fabian , Hartmann Wladick , Walter Nicolai , Tillmann Max , Ahangarianabhari Mahdi , Wahl Michael , Röhlicke Tino , Rahn Hans-Jürgen , Pernice Wolfram H. P. , Schuck Carsten 
Published: January 2023

Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors are an enabling technology for modern quantum information science and are gaining attractiveness for the most demanding photon counting tasks in other fields. Embedding such detectors in photonic integrated circuits enables additional counting capabilities through nanophotonic functionalization. Here, we show how a scalable number of waveguide-integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors can be interfaced with independent fiber optic channels on the same chip. Our plug-and-play detector package is hosted inside a compact and portable closed-cycle cryostat providing cryogenic signal amplification for up to 64 channels. We demonstrate state-of-the-art multi-channel photon counting performance with average system detection efficiency of (40.5 ± 9.4)% and dark count rate of (123 ± 34) Hz for 32 individually addressable detectors at minimal noise-equivalent power of (5.1 ± 1.2) · 10−18 W/Hz. Our detectors achieve timing jitter as low as 26 ps, which increases to (114 ± 17) ps for high-speed multi-channel operation using dedicated time-correlated single photon counting electronics. Our multi-channel single photon receiver offers exciting measurement capabilities for future quantum communication, remote sensing, and imaging applications.
A plano–convex thick-lens velocity map imaging apparatus for direct, high resolution 3D momentum measurements of photoelectrons with ion time-of-flight coincidence
Authors: Davino Michael , McManus Edward , Helming Nora G. , Cheng Chuan , Moǧol Gönenç , Rodnova Zhanna , Harrison Geoffrey , Watson Kevin , Weinacht Thomas , Gibson George N. , Saule Tobias , Trallero-Herrero Carlos A. 
Published: January 2023

Since their inception, velocity map imaging (VMI) techniques have received continued interest in their expansion from 2D to 3D momentum measurements through either reconstructive or direct methods. Recently, much work has been devoted to the latter of these by relating electron time-of-flight (TOF) to the third momentum component. The challenge is having a timing resolution sufficient to resolve the structure in the narrow (&lt;10 ns) electron TOF spread. Here, we build upon the work in VMI lens design and 3D VMI measurement by using a plano–convex thick-lens (PCTL) VMI in conjunction with an event-driven camera (TPX3CAM) providing TOF information for high resolution 3D electron momentum measurements. We perform simulations to show that, with the addition of a mesh electrode to the thick-lens geometry, the resulting plano–convex electrostatic field extends the detectable electron cutoff energy range while retaining the high resolution. This design also extends the electron TOF range, allowing for a better momentum resolution along this axis. We experimentally demonstrate these capabilities by examining above-threshold ionization in xenon, where the apparatus is shown to collect electrons of energy up to ∼7 eV with a TOF spread of ∼30 ns, both of which are improved compared to a previous work by factors of ∼1.4 and ∼3.75, respectively. Finally, the PCTL-VMI is equipped with a coincident ion TOF spectrometer, which is shown to effectively extract unique 3D momentum distributions for different ionic species in a gas mixture. These techniques have the potential to lend themselves to more advanced measurements involving systems where the electron momentum distributions possess non-trivial symmetries.
Preferential decomposition of the major anion in a dual-salt electrolyte facilitates the formation of organic-inorganic composite solid electrolyte interphase
Authors: Qi Feng , Yu Peiping , Zhou Qiwei , Liu Yue , Sun Qitao , Ma Bingyun , Ren Xinguo , Cheng Tao 
Published: January 2023

The performance of a lithium metal battery (LMB) with liquid electrolytes depends on the realization of a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the Li anode surface. According to a recent experiment, a high-concentrated (HC) dual-salt electrolyte is effective in modulating the SEI formation and improving the battery performance. However, the underlying reaction mechanism between this HC dual-salt electrolyte and the lithium metal anode surface remains unknown. To understand the SEI formation mechanism, we first performed 95 ps ab initio Molecular Dynamics (AIMD) simulation and then extend this AIMD simulation to another 1 ns by using Hybrid ab Initio and Reactive Molecular Dynamics (HAIR) to investigate the deep reactions of such dual-salt electrolytes consists of lithium difluorophosphate and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide in dimethoxyethane (DME) solvent at lithium metal anode surface. We observed the detailed reductive decomposition processes of DFP− and TFSI−, which include the formation pathway of CF3 fragments, LiF, and LixPOFy, the three main SEI components observed experimentally. Furthermore, after extending the simulation to 1.1 ns via the HAIR scheme, the decomposition reactions of DME solvent molecules were also observed, producing LiOCH3, C2H4, and precursors of organic oligomers. These microscopic insights provide important guidance in designing the advanced dual-salt electrolytes for developing high-performance LMB.
Using integrative taxonomy to distinguish cryptic halfbeak species and interpret distribution patterns, fisheries landings, and speciation
Authors: Riley Indiana J. , DiBattista Joseph D. , Stewart John , Schilling Hayden T. , Suthers Iain M. 
Published: January 2023

Context Species classification disputes can be resolved using integrative taxonomy, which involves the use of both phenotypic and genetic information to determine species boundaries. Aims Our aim was to clarify species boundaries of two commercially important cryptic species of halfbeak (Hemiramphidae), whose distributions overlap in south-eastern Australia, and assist fisheries management. Methods We applied an integrative taxonomic approach to clarify species boundaries and assist fisheries management. Key results Mitochondrial DNA and morphological data exhibited significant differences between the two species. The low level of mitochondrial DNA divergence, coupled with the lack of difference in the nuclear DNA, suggests that these species diverged relatively recently (c. 500 000 years ago) when compared with other species within the Hyporhamphus genus (>2.4 million years ago). Genetic differences between the species were accompanied by differences in modal gill raker counts, mean upper-jaw and preorbital length, and otolith shape. Conclusions On the basis of these genetic and morphological differences, as well as the lack of morphological intergradation between species along the overlapping boundaries of their geographical distributions, we propose that Hyporhamphus australis and Hyporhamphus melanochir remain valid species. Implications This study has illustrated the need for an integrative taxonomic approach when assessing species boundaries and has provided a methodological framework for studying other cryptic fish species in a management context.
Multi-functional application potential of Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite-based heterostructure PtSe2/Cs2PbI4 with tunable electronic properties
Authors: Liao Cheng-Sheng , Liu Biao , Yang Jun-Liang , Cai Meng-Qiu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Heterogeneous stacking based on two-dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) perovskite is a desired strategy for the reasonable combination of stability and efficiency. Constructing heterostructures with tunable optoelectronic properties further provide opportunities to design multi-functional devices. Herein, we present a first-principle research to investigate the geometric and electronic structures of RP perovskite heterostructure PtSe2/Cs2PbI4 and its tunable electronic properties induced by thickness modulation and external strains. The results indicate that the heterostructure based on Cs2PbI4 monolayer and PtSe2 monolayer has a type-II band alignment, which is suitable for the photovoltaic applications. With the layer number of PtSe2 in heterostructure increases from monolayer to bilayer, the band alignment of PtSe2/Cs2PbI4 heterostructure can switch from type-II to type-I, which is beneficial for the luminescence device applications. However, when the thickness of PtSe2 in heterostructure further increases to trilayer, the heterostructure exhibits metallic characteristic with a p-type Schottky barrier. In addition, we find the strain engineering is an effective knob in tuning the electronic properties of PtSe2/Cs2PbI4 heterostructures with different thickness. These findings reveal the potential of PtSe2/Cs2PbI4 heterostructure as a tunable hybrid material with substantial prospect in multi-functional applications.
Impact of humidity and flowrate on the thoron measurement sensitivity of electrostatic radon monitors
Authors: He Chunyu , Wang Hao , Zhang Lei , Guo Qiuju 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The accurate measurement of thoron activity concentration is an important issue in both thoron exposure evaluation and in reducing its influence on radon measurement. For radon monitors based on electrostatic collection technique and an alpha spectrometry analyser, air humidity and sampling flowrate are key factors influencing the sensitivity of thoron activity concentration measurement. For the purpose of improving thoron measurement sensitivity and stability, theoretical derivation and experimental studies were systemically performed in this study. The results show that thoron measurement sensitivity decreases as a negative exponential function with absolute humidity increasing, and the sensitivity of thoron is much lower than that of radon under the same conditions, which is mainly caused by the small value of the concentration ratio of thoron inside to outside of the chamber. When the air exchange rate of the measurement chamber (sampling flowrate/inner volume) increases, the measurement sensitivity of thoron gas first increases rapidly and then decreases slowly after reaching its maximum at the air exchange rate of 0.24 s−1. In practice, in the normal air exchange rate range (for example <0.05 s−1), increasing the sampling flowrate could greatly improve the thoron measurement sensitivity, which consequently suggests an effective way to update thoron measurement under the present conditions of the monitor.
Novel absolute length measurement method for etalon sensor using optical comb pulsed interference and harmonic etalon reflections
Authors: Masuda Shusei , Kadoya Shotaro , Michihata Masaki , Takahashi Satoru 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A Fabry–Perot interferometer, also called an etalon, is used in various applications such as resonant structures for lasers, wavelength filters, length and frequency standards, and sensors. When the etalon is used as sensor, both the high resolution and simplicity of the measurement mechanism are required. We propose a method using an optical comb and an etalon harmonically. Using this method, it is possible to achieve measurements with resolution of less than a few nanometers and improved sensitivity. This method can be implemented with a simple system, and traceability can be easily achieved from the characteristics of the optical comb without the need for a high-precision wavelength meter. In this study, in addition to proposing a method, we implemented measurement system including a repetition frequency scanning optical comb and verified it experimentally. The repeatability of the measurement was approximately 3.0 nm (σ = 2) when 175 mm etalon was used. The measured absolute value of the etalon length was compared to the coordinate measuring machine (CMM) measurement results and difference between the two values was <1 μm that indicated the absolute values agreed well with the maximum permissible length error range of the CMM. The etalon displacement was measured, and the result was compared to that of the conventional He–Ne interferometer. The difference between the two was less than 1 nm, indicating the validity of the measurement and its applicability as sensor. These results demonstrated that the proposed measurement method is feasible and functional for etalon sensor.