bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prosecutor‐Led Bail Reform: An Observational Case Study in Philadelphia
Authors: Jones Sarah D. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTJurisdictions nationwide have taken to implementing bail reform, with some pursuing the broad abolition of cash bail. Depending on the actor leading the reform, these efforts face differing obstacles to successful implementation. Philadelphia has been a leader in prosecutor‐led bail reform, as the progressive District Attorney's Office (DAO) implemented its second round of reform, which attempts to simulate a no‐cash bail system by limiting pretrial recommendations to either $999,999 bail or release. Drawing on observational case‐level data (n = 96) and the framework of sociolegal gap studies, the current study aims to document the policy's application. First, by capturing departures by the DAO and agreement by judicial magistrates, the presence of a gap between the policy's vision and its implementation is detected. Second, to understand why a gap may be occurring, responses to the policy are qualitatively analyzed. Findings demonstrate that guidelines were adhered to by the DAO and agreed to by judicial magistrates in only 16.7% of cases. Qualitative results suggest that the reform faces considerable challenges in implementation, including institutional resistance/hesitation and courtroom workgroup adaptations. This research, despite its convenience sampling and limited generalizability, has significant policy implications, both within Philadelphia and for the broader progressive prosecutor movement.
The Melanocyte and Nerve Fiber Cross‐Talk, Facilitated Also by Semaphorin‐4A, Enhances UV‐B‐Induced Melanogenesis
Authors: Egriboz Onur , Fehrholz Markus , Tsutsumi Moe , Sousa Marta , Cheret Jeremy , Funk Wolfgang , Kückelhaus Maximilian , Paus Ralf , Kajiya Kentaro , Piccini Ilaria , Bertolini Marta 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTEpidermal melanocytes form synaptic‐like contacts with cutaneous nerve fibers, but the functional outcome of these connections remains elusive. In this pilot study we used our fully humanized re‐innervated skin organ culture model to investigate melanocyte‐nerve fiber interactions in UV‐B‐induced melanogenesis. UV‐B‐irradiation significantly enhanced melanin content and tyrosinase activity in re‐innervated skin compared to non‐innervated controls, indicating that neuronal presence is essential for exacerbating pigmentation upon UV‐B irradiation in long‐term culture. Comparative transcriptomic analysis between laser‐capture‐microdissected melanocytes from freshly embedded human skin and published microarray data on in vitro primary melanocytes identified Semaphorin‐4A (SEMA4A) as possible mediator of melanocyte‐nerve fibers interactions. SEMA4A protein levels in Gp100+‐epidermal melanocytes were significantly higher in re‐innervated skin, and reduced by UV‐B treatment. Analysis of melanocytes in vitro showed reduced SEMA4A protein expression 24 h after UV‐B‐irradiation while SEMA4A secretion into the medium was increased. Beta‐tubulin expression and axon growth in sensory neurons were stimulated by conditioned media (CM) from UV‐B irradiated melanocytes. When this neuronal‐conditioned medium was transferred to fresh melanocytes, melanin content increased, but only if neurons had been treated with CM from UV‐B irradiated melanocytes. These findings highlight the importance of melanocyte‐neuron interactions for UV‐B‐induced melanogenesis and suggest that secreted proteins (e.g., SEMA4A) can function as a novel target to treat hypo‐ and hyperpigmentation disorders.
Evaluation of the Effect of Exosomes From Adipose Derived Stem Cells on Changes in GSH/ROS Levels During Skin Photoaging
Authors: Wang Yiping , Shen Xu , Song Shenghua , Chen Nian , Wang Yihao , Liao Wanxing , Jia Chiyu , Zeng Li 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveExosomes (Exos) from adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) can delay skin photoaging, but their effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between adipose derived stem cell exosomes (ADSCs‐Exos) in anti‐photoaging of skin and glutathione (GSH)/ ROS expression in human fibroblasts.MethodsA skin photoaging model was established by irradiating human fibroblasts with ultraviolet B (UVB) light in vitro. Next, exosomes from ADSCs were isolated for treating the photoaged fibroblasts. Afterwards, the alterations in photoaged fibroblasts were analyzed by a series of assays including senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐Gal) staining, p16 expression, ROS staining, and GSH content.ResultsAfter a human fibroblast photoaging model was subjected to ADSCs‐Exos treatment, we found that the high concentration exosome group had the highest GSH content. Cellular staining showed that levels of SA‐β‐Gal, p16, and ROS of the high concentration‐treated group were lower than other groups.ConclusionsADSCs‐Exos can protect skin fibroblasts from photoaging via increasing the ratio of GSH/ROS.
The infected diabetic foot: Risk factors for re‐infection after treatment for diabetic foot osteomyelitis
Authors: Lavery Lawrence A. , Reyes Mario C. , Najafi Bijan , Coye Tyler L. , Sideman Matthew , Siah Michael C. , Tarricone Arthur N. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOur objective was to evaluate risk factors for re‐infection in patients after treatment for diabetic foot osteomyelitis (OM). We used pooled patient level data from two RTCs that evaluated patients with diabetic foot infections. We evaluated 171 patients with OM. OM was confirmed with bone culture or histopathology. Data from the 12‐month follow‐up were used to determine clinical outcomes. Re‐infection occurred in 47 (27.5%) patients. Risk factors for re‐infection were Toe Brachial Index <0.40 (25.7% vs. 9.8%, p = 0.02), skin perfusion pressure <40 mmHg (6.3% vs. 5.9%, p = 0.04), wound healing (55.3% vs. 75.0%, p = 0.01), time to heal (156.0, 69.5–365 vs. 91.5, 38.8–365, p = 0.001), and history of MI (14.9% vs. 3.2%, p = 0.005). During 12‐month follow‐up, patients with re‐infections were 198.8 times more likely to require a foot related hospitalisation (81.8% vs. 0.0%, p = 0.001), 10.4 times more likely have an all‐cause hospitalisation (70.2% vs. 18.5%, p = 0.001) and 9.4 times more likely to need an amputation (36.2% vs. 5.6%, p = 0.001). Patients with re‐infection had a significantly longer median length of hospitalisation (20.0, 13.5–34.5 vs. 14.0, 10.0–22.0, p = 0.003) and median length of antibiotic duration (55.0, 35.0–87.0 vs. 46.0, 22.8–68.0, p = 0.03). Patients with re‐infection are less likely to heal and have more foot‐related hospitalizations and amputations.
Generation of chimeric forms of rhesus macaque rhadinovirus expressing KSHV envelope glycoproteins gH and gL for utilization in an NHP model of infection
Authors: Estep Ryan D. , Li Helen , Govindan Aparna N. , McDonald Kaidlyn A. , Axthelm Michael K. , Wong Scott W. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a human gammaherpesvirus associated with Kaposi’s sarcoma and B cell malignancies. Like all herpesviruses, KSHV contains conserved envelope glycoproteins (gps) involved in virus binding, entry, assembly, and release from infected cells, which are also targets of the immune response. Due to the lack of a reproducible animal model of KSHV infection, the precise functions of the KSHV gps during infection
in vivo
are not completely known. Fortunately, a nonhuman primate (NHP) model of KSHV infection and disease has been established utilizing closely related rhesus macaque rhadinovirus (RRV) that naturally infects rhesus macaques (RM) and possesses analogous gps to KSHV. To address the roles conserved envelope gps gH and gL play during KSHV infection
in vivo
, we utilized the pathogenic RRV
17577
BAC to generate chimeric forms of RRV expressing KSHV gL or KSHV gH/gL, as well as an RRV mutant lacking gL expression. These viruses incorporate KSHV gH and gL into infectious virions, and although they display variable replication and differing plaque phenotypes in primary rhesus fibroblasts, they retain the ability to infect human B cells
in vitro
. Importantly, we also demonstrate that RRV gp chimeras can infect RM and induce the development of antibodies against KSHV. Overall, this work demonstrates that RRV gp chimeras can serve as important tools to assess the role of KSHV gH/gL in infection and disease while also providing an NHP model for testing the efficacy of KSHV gH and gL neutralizing antibodies and vaccine strategies to prevent and treat KSHV infection.

IMPORTANCE

Rhesus macaque rhadinovirus (RRV) is a rhesus macaque homolog of KSHV and serves as a model system for examining Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection and pathogenesis
in vivo
. KSHV and RRV both encode conserved herpesvirus envelope glycoproteins, including gH and gL, that are important for regulating entry into host cells. In this study, we utilized the RRV BAC system to generate chimeric forms of RRV expressing KSHV gH and gL, as well as a mutant form of RRV lacking gL expression. Although these mutant and chimeric viruses can replicate
in vitro
, they do display growth properties different from wild-type RRV. Importantly, we demonstrate that RRV gp chimeras are capable of infecting rhesus macaques
in vivo
, inducing B cell hyperplasia, and promoting the development of anti-viral antibody responses that can also recognize KSHV antigens. RRV gp chimeras provide a novel system that allows for the examination of the role of KSHV gH and gL during infection
in vivo
.
Feasibility of engaging parents attending an adult weight management programme with child weight management support: a mixed methods study
Authors: Mears Ruth , Searle Aidan , Sharp Deborah , Jago Russell , Shield Julian PH 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveTo explore whether parents’ attendance at a commercial adult weight management programme (WMP) offers an opportunity to identify and signpost families to child weight management support, if appropriate to a child’s weight status.DesignMixed methods study including a cross-sectional online survey and semistructured telephone interviews.Setting and participantsParents attending Slimming World (UK-based adult commercial WMP), with one or more children aged 5–11 years, were invited to take part. There were 396 survey and 18 telephone interview participants.ResultsMost parents (78%) attending the adult WMP and worried about their child’s weight were receptive to being offered support for their child. Nearly all (98%) of these parents were happy for the adult WMP to signpost to this support. Nearly half of parents (47%, n=122/262) not worried about their child’s weight were still interested in a child height and weight check. The preferred intervention format and delivery possibilities differed among parents, with ‘no-one size fits all’, while recognising that change takes time, and weekly sessions may be too frequent. Parents were clear that the focus of support should be on healthy lifestyle not weight. Many parents felt a parent ‘peer support’ group would be helpful.ConclusionsParents actively addressing their own weight, through an adult WMP, are receptive to being offered and signposted to support for their child, where they have concerns about their child’s weight. These findings support a new referral pathway into child weight management services, through parents attending an adult WMP.
Diagnostic performance of shape-sensing robotic-assisted bronchoscopy for pleural-based and fissure-based pulmonary lesions
Authors: Fernandez-Bussy Sebastian , Yu Lee-Mateus Alejandra , Barrios-Ruiz Alanna , Valdes-Camacho Sofia , Lin Katherine , Ibrahim Mohamed I , Vaca-Cartagena Bryan F , Funes-Ferrada Rodrigo , Reisenauer Janani , Robertson Kelly S , Hazelett Britney N , Chadha Ryan M , Abia-Trujillo David 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundSampling of peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs) abutting the pleura carries a higher risk of pneumothorax and complications. Although typically performed with image-guided transthoracic biopsy, the advent of shape-sensing robotic-assisted bronchoscopy (ssRAB) provides an alternative diagnostic procedure for this subtype of lesions.MethodsA retrospective study on PPL attached to the peripheral pleura (PP), comprising costal and diaphragmatic pleura, mediastinal pleura (MP), and fissural pleura (FP) sampled by ssRAB, from January 2020 to December 2023. Clinicodemographic data, PPL characteristics and procedure-related details were recorded. Primary outcome was diagnostic yield, defined as all conclusive diagnoses, malignant or benign, over the total number of procedures. Secondary outcomes were safety profile, defined as the number of procedure-related complications, and diagnostic yield with the use of mobile cone-beam CT (mCBCT) and by biopsy tool.Results182 nodules were sampled from 178 patients. PPLs were grouped as: PP (n=95), MP (n=30) and FP (n=57). Overall diagnostic yield was 80.2% (146/182) and sensitivity for malignancy was 83.2% (104/125). Diagnostic yield was associated with upper location (OR 2.86; 95% CI 1.35 to 6.03, p=0.006), mCBCT (OR 2.27; 95% CI 1.06 to 4.86, p=0.036) and cryobiopsy (OR 2.90; 95% CI 1.31 to 6.47, p=0.009). Pneumothorax requiring chest tube was reported in five patients (2.8%), and a Nashville Scale grade 3 bleeding occurred in one patient (0.6%).ConclusionFor pleural-based and fissure-based nodules, ssRAB showed a high diagnostic yield with low complications. The addition of mCBCT and cryobiopsy improved the diagnostic performance for this subtype of lesions.
Battle Paintings after Lepanto by Giorgio Vasari and Matteo Pérez d’Aleccio
Authors: Cibelli Deborah 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study focuses on the genre of military painting by comparing Giorgio Vasari’s frescoes referring to the Battle of Lepanto of 1571 for the Sala Regia in the Vatican to the fresco cycle depicting the Siege of Malta of 1565 produced by Matteo Pérez d’Aleccio working for the Knights of the Sovereign Military Order of Saint John in Malta from 1577–1581. The visual analysis of the artists’ frescoes encompasses a discussion of the style and iconography of their work. Further assessment of the reception of the paintings considers ideologies relevant to the Christian Holy League and the knights of Malta involved in conflicts with forces from the Ottoman empire and theoretical issues related to Mediterranean studies.
The Institution of the Accademia delle Arti del Disegno in Medici Florence
Authors: Carrara Eliana 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The essay aims to draw attention to the initial moments of the Accademia del Disegno in Florence, the main players on the artistic and cultural scene, and the reasons behind its formation. Founded in 1563, the institution responded to a series of needs that originated both within the regime of Cosimo I and in the quarrelsome world of the Florentine workshops, constantly in search of rich and prestigious commissions. My paper will attempt to highlight the most significant instances in order to enucleate the decisive political and educational role entrusted to the new city body, rigidly organized internally in a series of offices that were accessed after an equally rigorous training.
Effects of mirror therapy on upper limb motor function of patients with stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Saragih Ita Daryanti , Priyanti Ratna Puji , Batubara Sakti Oktaria , Lee Bih-O 
Published: January 2025

Objectives This study aimed to investigate and review the effects of mirror therapy on upper limb function, including improvements in shoulder, elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand function, as well as coordination between the upper extremities, in patients with stroke. Data sources Six databases, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, Medline Complete, PubMed, and Web of Science, were searched from database inception to 15 October 2024, as well as manual searching of Google Scholar, for relevant trials. Review methods The methodological quality of the trials was assessed using version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool with five domains. A random-effects model was applied to calculate the pooled mean difference of dichotomous variables using the 95% confidence interval. The variance in effect estimation in a forest plot for each trial was then quantified using I2. Results Eighteen studies, representing 633 patients with stroke, were included in this study. Mirror therapy significantly improved upper limb motor function (mean difference [MD] = 1.79; 95% CI = 0.04–3.54; p = 0.04) and hand function (MD = 1.48; 95% CI = 0.17–2.78; p = 0.03) in patients with stroke. Subgroup analyses of overall upper limb function showed that mirror therapy was effective in improving function when delivered more than 5 times a week (MD = 2.75; 95% CI = 1.02–4.48) over a period of ≤ 4 weeks (MD = 3.26; 95% CI = 1.19–5.33). The results of the methodology assessment using RoB-2 on all the trials included in the analysis showed that 16 trials were considered to have some concerns. Conclusion Mirror therapy appears to be beneficial for improving upper limb motor function after stroke. More trials are needed to determine the effects of mirror therapy on shoulder/elbow/forearm, wrist, and hand function and coordination between upper extremities after stroke.
Delirium prevention in hospices: Opportunities and limitations – A focused ethnography
Authors: Featherstone Imogen , Johnson Miriam J , Sheldon Trevor , Kelley Rachael , Hawkins Rebecca , Bravington Alison , Callin Sarah , Dixon Rachael , Obita George , Siddiqi Najma 
Published: January 2025

Background: Delirium is common and distressing for hospice in-patients. Hospital-based research shows delirium may be prevented by targeting its risk factors. Many preventative strategies address patients’ fundamental care needs. However, there is little research regarding how interventions need to be tailored to the in-patient hospice setting. Aim: To explore the behaviours of hospice in-patient staff in relation to delirium prevention, and the influences that shape these behaviours. Design: Focused ethnography supported by behaviour change theory. Observation, semi-structured interviews and document review were conducted. Setting/participants: A total of 89 participants (multidisciplinary staff, volunteers, patients and relatives) at two UK in-patient hospice units. Results: Hospice clinicians engaged in many behaviours associated with prevention of delirium as part of person-centred fundamental care, without delirium prevention as an explicit aim. Carrying out essential care tasks was highly valued and supported by adequate staffing levels, multidisciplinary team engagement and role clarity. Patients’ reduced physical capability limited some delirium prevention behaviours, as did clinicians’ behavioural norms related to prioritising patient comfort. Delirium prevention was not embedded into routine assessment and care decision-making, despite its potential to reduce patient distress. Conclusions: The value placed on fundamental care in hospices supports delirium prevention behaviours but these require adaptation as patients become closer to death. There is a need to increase clinicians’ understanding of the potential for delirium prevention to reduce patient distress during illness progression; to support inclusion of delirium prevention in making decisions about care; and to embed routine review of delirium risk factors in practice.
The Statistical Fragility of Functional Outcomes for Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair With and Without Acromioplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Clark David S. , Tingey Benjamin C. , Shi Jeffrey L. , Somerson Jeremy S. 
Published: January 2025

Background: Views surrounding acromioplasty at the time of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (RCR) have shifted dramatically over time. In recent years, various studies have argued against acromioplasty, citing equivocal functional outcomes after arthroscopic RCR with or without acromioplasty. Purpose: To assess the statistical fragility of functional outcomes after arthroscopic RCR with and without acromioplasty using the reverse continuous fragility index (RCFI). Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed including all randomized controlled trials through February 5, 2024 investigating arthroscopic RCR with and without acromioplasty. The RCFI, defined as the number of qualifying data points required to be moved from the lower mean group to the higher mean group to alter the significance, was calculated for the Welch t test, Student t test, and Wilcoxon rank-sum test under various data assumptions. The reverse continuous fragility quotient (RCFQ) was determined by dividing the RCFI by the sample size. Results: A total of 6 clinical trials consisting of 609 patients with functional outcome scores were analyzed. Using the Welch t test, the median RCFI across all study outcomes was 20 (interquartile range [IQR], 17-24). For the Student t test, the median RCFI across all study outcomes was 14 (IQR, 13-19), with a median RCFQ of 0.18 (IQR, 0.15-0.20). For the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, the median RCFI was 14 (IQR, 13-17), with a median RCFQ of 0.17 (IQR, 0.13-0.19). While using the Welch t test, 64% of study outcomes had an RCFI greater than the loss to follow-up (LTFU). When using the other tests, 32% of study outcomes had an RCFI greater than the LTFU. Conclusion: The fragility of these studies was largely dependent on the statistical test used to analyze the results. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test and Student t test appeared to be most appropriate to find differences in treatment arms. When using these tests, we found the results to be fragile. This, in combination with a small number of studies and the LTFU close to or exceeding 20%, indicates an overall lack of strong evidence to support previously accepted conclusions.
High unmet needs for cervical cancer screening among women living with HIV in six African countries: A population-based study
Authors: Alpar Annabelle D , Ndiaye Cathy , Guillaume Dominique , Limaye Rupali J , Rosen Joseph G 
Published: January 2025

Background Cisgender women living with HIV (WLWH) are disproportionately impacted by cervical cancer. Nevertheless, disparities in uptake and implementation of cervical cancer services persist in sub-Saharan Africa, where population-level estimates of screening coverage remain scarce. Methods We pooled data from nationally representative Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (PHIA) surveys conducted in Ethiopia, Malawi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe (2015–2019). After estimating the prevalence of self-reported lifetime cervical cancer screening (overall and by country), survey-weighted multivariable log-binomial regression identified socio-demographic and clinical correlates of screening uptake among WLWH aged 25–64 years. Results Overall, 6933 WLWH (mean age: 39.6 years) were included in the multi-country sample. The pooled prevalence of lifetime cervical cancer screening was 18.5% (range: 8.5% [Rwanda] to 25.3% [Zambia]). Screening uptake varied by HIV clinical status, with serostatus-aware (21.3% vs 9.0%), antiretroviral therapy-experienced (22.0% vs 10.5%), and virally suppressed (22.1% vs 11.6%) WLWH, respectively, reporting significantly ( p < 0.001) higher screening rates. Screening was especially low among WLWH aged <35 years (14.7%), with no formal education (12.1%), in the poorest households (7.9%), and residing in rural areas (14.0%). Conclusions Fewer than one-fifth of WLWH had ever screened for cervical cancer, suggesting expanded availability and access to tailored, integrated services are critically needed.