bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneity of Surface Heat Exchange of Slopes and Potential Drivers of the Initiation of Thaw Slump, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Authors: Fan Xingwen , Li Wenjiao , Wu Xuyang , Yao Miaomiao , Niu Fujun , Lin Zhanju 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn the mountainous permafrost area, most thaw slumps are distributed in north or northeast-facing shady slope areas. It is commonly known that there is a heterogeneity in permafrost between different slope aspects, but there has been a lack of detailed measured data to quantitatively evaluate their relationships, and in-depth understandings on how the slope aspects are linked to the distribution of thaw slumps. This study examined the heterogenous thermal regime, soil moisture content, and surface radiation at two slope sites with opposing aspects in a warming permafrost region on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). The results indicate that similar air temperatures (Ta) were monitored on the two slopes, but there were significant differences in ground temperature and moisture content in the active layer from 2016 to 2021. The sunny slope exhibited a higher mean annual ground surface temperature (Ts), and over the five years the mean annual temperature at the top of permafrost was 1.3–1.4℃ warmer on the sunny slope than the shady slope. On the contrary, the near-surface soil moisture content was about 10–13% lower on the sunny slope (~22–27%) than the shady slope (~35–38%) during the thawing season (June–September). Radiation data indicate that significantly higher shortwave downward radiation (DR) appeared at the sunny slope site. However, due to the greater surface albedo, the net radiation (Rn) was lower on the sunny slope. Slope aspect also affects the ground ice content due to its influence on ground temperature, freeze-thaw cycles, and soil moisture. Shady slopes have a shallower burial of ice-rich permafrost compared to sunny slopes. The results highlight greatly different near-surface ground thermal conditions at the two slope sites with different aspects in a mountainous permafrost region. This helps identify the slope-related causes of increasing thaw slumps and provides a basis for predicting their future development.
International Prevalence of Self-exclusion From Gambling: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Bijker Rimke , Booth Natalia , Merkouris Stephanie S. , Dowling Nicki A. , Rodda Simone N. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The international rise in gambling opportunities has increased focus on gambling harm reduction tools including self-exclusion. The primary aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the international prevalence of self-exclusion from gambling in the general adult population and by level of problem gambling risk (low-risk, moderate-risk, and problem gambling). The secondary aim was to estimate the prevalence of awareness of self-exclusion programmes overall and by problem gambling risk.

Recent Findings
Grey literature (through gambling repositories, gambling research institutes, Google) and peer-reviewed literature (through ProQuest, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus) were searched for gambling prevalence studies from 2010 onwards reporting on use or awareness of self-exclusion (defined as an agreement between an individual and gambling operator to have a period of prohibited access to gambling venues or websites/apps). Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The international prevalence of self-exclusion was 0.26% (95%CI 0.16–0.43, k = 11). The prevalence of self-exclusion was significantly higher among participants in the problem gambling category (15.20%, 95%CI 11.00–19.39, k = 5) than those in the moderate-risk gambling (2.50%, 95%CI 1.32–4.69, p < 0.001, k = 5), and low-risk gambling (0.53%, 95%CI 0.05–5.48, p < 0.001, k = 5) categories. The prevalence of self-exclusion awareness was 11.09% (95%CI 6.67–17.89, k = 5). Awareness was significantly higher among participants in the problem gambling category compared to the low-risk gambling category (p = 0.029, k = 2).

Summary
One in 40 moderate-risk gamblers and 1 in 7 people with problem gambling have used self-exclusion. Just over one in 10 people who gamble have awareness of self-exclusion to reduce gambling harm.
Defamiliarizing Reality for Mental and Physical Subjection: Rereading Harold Pinter’s The Room and The Dumb Waiter as Political Comedies
Authors: Khaled Ahmed Abdulkhair Abulmagd 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWhile Pinter's earliest plays have been recognized in the modernist history of theatre as comedies of menace and his later plays as political comedies, this article argues that his earliest plays are equally very liable to be interpreted as political comedies. Regardless of their absurdist dramatization of people's helpless exposure to external, unidentifiable threats, a common post-WWII characteristic feature of human experience, I claim thatThe RoomandThe Dumb Waiter(both written 1957, staged 1960), two model examples of Pinter's earliest oeuvres, do not simply follow the aesthetic of absurdist theatre to express human futility. The audience's experience of viewing the theatrical performances of both plays in terms of discursive cyclicality or character normality is subverted into one of changeability, strangeness, and contradiction. To foreground the political implications of such revolutionary theatrical experience, Pinter's plays are examined in the light of his unique use of defamiliarization, relying not on Brecht’s traditional techniques of singing, dancing, image-projecting, or captioning, but on a simple, dual technique of image destruction and creation. It consists of divesting characters of their normality and portraying them instead as individuals who identify only with unusual images of place, time, body, and consciousness. Using this special technique of defamiliarization, both plays are examined to reveal Pinter's central political theme of undermining reality for purposes of mental and physical subjections.
Intent with knowledge-aware multiview contrastive learning for recommendation
Authors: Tao Shaohua , Qiu Runhe , Cao Yan , Zhao Huiyang , Ping Yuan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUser–item interactions on e-commerce platforms involve various intents, such as browsing and purchasing, which require fine-grained intent recognition. Existing recommendation methods incorporate latent intent into user–item interactions; however, they overlook important considerations. First, they fail to integrate intents with semantic information in knowledge graphs, neglecting intent interpretability. Second, they do not exploit the structural information from multiple views of latent intents in user–item interactions. This study established the intent with knowledge-aware multiview contrastive learning (IKMCL) model for explanation in recommendation systems. The proposed IKMCL model converts latent intent into fine-grained intent, calculates intent weights, mines latent semantic information, and learns the representation of user–item interactions through multiview intent contrastive learning. In particular, we combined fine-grained intents with a knowledge graph to calculate intent weights and capture intent semantics. The IKMCL model performs multiview intent contrastive learning at both coarse-grained and fine-grained levels to extract semantic relationships in user–item interactions and provide intent recommendations in structural and semantic views. In addition, an intent-relational path was designed based on multiview contrastive learning, enabling the capture of semantic information from latent intents and personalized item recommendations with interpretability. Experimental results using large benchmark datasets indicated that the proposed model outperformed other advanced methods, significantly improving recommendation performance.
Biochar contributes to resistance against root rot disease by stimulating soil polyphenol oxidase
Authors: Ge Shaohua , Gao Jian , Chang Dong , He Tianyi , Cai Heqing , Wang Maoxian , Li Caibin , Luo Zhenbao , E Yang , Meng Jun , Gao Mingxuan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBiochar has been considered an effective approach as soil amendment for decreasing incidences of disease and regulating microbial populations in continuous-cropping soil. Although researches have extensively focused on changes of soil microbes and unbalance of nutrition in continuous-cropping soil, the relationship between soil properties and pathogens by biochar application remains poorly understood. In this study, we applied ITS ribosomal RNA gene profiling to analyze tobacco root microbiota of biochar and non-biochar treatment in a 3-year continuous-cropping tobacco field, comparing firstly planting tobacco as control. We found that biochar application decreased the relative abundance of the soil fungal pathogens (Ceratobasidium and Monosporascus), which are the prime pathogens of tobacco root rot in continuous-cropping soil. Using RDA, co-occurrence and PLS-PM approaches, we provided evidence that there was a negative correlation between fungal genera (especially for Ceratobasidium and Monosporascus) and soil polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity (R2incidence rate = − 0.930, R2disease index = − 0.905, both p < 0.001). The PPO was up-regulated by different biochar treatment intensities. Together, we demonstrated that biochar in continuous-cropping soil regulated the soil PPO activity to suppress pathogens, and further decrease incidence of root rot. Notably, biochar application forward continuous cropping was more effective for the continuous-cropping soil improvement than the other treatments. The data should help in appropriate timing of biochar application for alleviating continuous-cropping obstacle.
Graphical abstract
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Research on Data Analysis of Efficient Innovation and Entrepreneurship Practice Teaching Based on LightGBM Classification Algorithm
Authors: Huang Binbin , Wang Ciyu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe transformation of innovation and entrepreneurship practice teaching and education methods has put forward higher requirements for the intelligence and personalization of online education platforms. The aim of this study is to predict learning outcomes based on students' learning outcomes and habits, identify weak areas of knowledge, and provide targeted guidance and recommend the most suitable teaching resources. According to the concept of LightGBM model and the method of Feature selection, the research puts forward an integrated classification model ELO–LightGBM based on Elo Rating System (ELO) scoring system and Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), trying to further mine the potential information of the practical teaching management data set. The model obtained a score of 0.7928 when using the dataset training, and a large number of comparative experiments were carried out between the ELO–LightGBM model and other classification models in different public datasets. The experimental results proved that the ELO–LightGBM model is more accurate than other classification models. In the comparative experiment on the practical teaching data set, the accuracy of the ELO–LightGBM model also surpassed the LightGBM model and the linear support vector machine model that performed well in small data sets, and the model was in the accuracy rate. The accuracy rate of winners in the comparison of micro-average is as high as 82.6%. It can be seen that the ELO–LightGBM model is of great significance to the intelligence and personalization of the online education platform.
Policing the COVID-19 Outbreak, Accounts of Misconduct, and the Imperatives of Procedural Justice Training for Nigerian Police Officers
Authors: Aborisade Richard Abayomi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGlobally, questions have been asked on how police utilized additional powers created to manage the spread of the COVID-19 virus without negatively impacting police legitimacy. This was particularly a concern in countries that had hitherto recorded high incidents of police misconduct prior to the emergence of the pandemic. Using a victim-centered approach, a qualitative study was conducted to examine the dimensions of unlawful use of force, human rights violations, and other police misconduct which prevailed during the enforcement of the COVID-19 lockdown in Nigeria. In all, 82 interviews with victims of police violence were conducted, and a thematic analysis of the narratives was carried out. Findings indicate negative perceptions of police legitimacy to intervene in public health crises. In building better community relations that will engender public compliance with police directives, the police authority is advised to purge itself of its militarized system, with officers undergoing procedural justice training and imbibing its principles.
A question of dominance: Statistically approaching grammatical variation in German standard language across borders
Authors: Scherr Elisabeth , Ziegler Arne 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper revisits the question of national varieties in German, a concept that still has not found solid empirical proof, at least not from a quantitative-etic perspective. The question raised is how data collected in the course of the international research project, Variantengrammatik des Standarddeutschen (Handbook of Grammatical Variation in Standard German), and the application of spatial statistical methods to geographical variant distribution patterns can contribute to this discussion. With the aid of Factor Analysis and spatially modified clustering of variant distribution patterns it is shown that—at least from a quantitative/corpus linguistic point of view—there is no evidence for assuming nation-specific varieties. Importantly, this result does not imply the existence of a homogenous German standard language; rather, it is argued that geographical variation does not self-evidently legitimize the assumption of standard varieties.
The Chaîne Opératoire as an Approach to Distinguish between the Ceramic Production of the Viru and the Moche Polities on the North Coast of Peru
Authors: Espinosa Alicia , Druc Isabelle , Millaire Jean-François , Prieto Gabriel , Bracamonte Edgar , Alva Walter 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCeramics play a central role in the debates around the relationship between the Viru and the Moche. A recent model considers Negative and Moche-decorated ceramics produced by potters affiliated with the elites to be the cultural markers of the Viru and Moche populations, respectively. Due to the similarity of Viru and Moche plain-wares and the presence of Castillo Decorated ceramics in Viru and Moche contexts, this model sees both types of ceramics as domestic traditions, produced by independent potters and sharing a common technique. The research we present here supports this recent model by reconsidering the social and cultural meaning associated with these ceramic types: it uses a novel approach for South America of reconstructing the chaîne opératoire by studying the traces visible on ceramics at a macroscopic and microscopic scale. The study demonstrates how these potters used their own traditions to produce decorated and undecorated ceramics. Furthermore, we found that Castillo Decorated is a type produced only by Viru potters, and we argue that its presence in Moche contexts is evidence of the numerous exchanges maintained by these two populations.
Colonization dynamics of periphytic protozoa in a tropical marine ecosystem
Authors: Bhuain Mohammad Jahed Hasan , Sikder Mohammad Nurul Azim , Haider Sayeed Mahmood Belal , Sharif Abu Sayeed Muhammad , Uddin Sheikh Aftab , Sharifuzzaman SM , Xu Henglong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
For the bioassessment of tropical marine ecosystem, a survey of protozoa colonizing artificial substrate was conducted in the coastal waters of northern Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. Protozoan samples were collected using glass slides from 1 and 2 m water depths at time intervals of 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, and 28 days during winter and monsoon seasons. Thus, the colonization processes of protozoa were assigned into three stages namely the initial (3 days), transitional (7 days), and equilibrium stages (10–28 days) at two depths in two seasons. Regression analyses demonstrated that the colonization dynamics of protozoa were well fitted to the MacArthur-Wilson model and logistic equation. Species richness reached equilibrium after 10–14 days and species abundance was maximum at a depth of 1 m. These results suggest that samples of protozoa can be collected at 1 m depth in winter season for monitoring the ecological health of tropical marine ecosystems.
Forest raptor nest selection traits in Mediterranean forest (Maamora, North Africa): conservation implications
Authors: Segura Amalia , Acevedo Pelayo 
Published: September 2023

SummaryForest raptor nest-site selection is mostly influenced by the quality of the habitat, food resources, and competition. Here, we identified common targets of trees selected as breeding sites and differences in selection traits, i.e. prey availability and intra- and interspecific competition, among Booted Eagle, Long-legged Buzzard, Black Kite, and Common Kestrel in a Mediterranean Cork Oak forest (private protected reserve of 25 km2). Using generalised linear mixed models we developed species-specific models describing nesting habitat selection. We tested the overlap in nesting habitat selection among species using environmental principal component analysis. The densities of forest raptor breeding pairs were high (3.1 pairs/km2) and the distance between occupied territories was short, strongly connected with food availability and competition. The results showed that all the species, with the exception of Common Kestrel, selected for nesting areas characterised by higher conspecific distance, highlighting the importance of conspecific competition. Booted Eagle and Black Kite selected areas with a high abundance of rabbits. The height of the nesting tree, the size and distance between surrounding trees, and the scrub cover were significant habitat characteristics for Booted Eagle and Long-legged Buzzard. Indeed, the environmental analyses showed a moderate nest site overlap between Black Kite and both Booted Eagle and Long-legged Buzzard, and a high overlap between Common Kestrel and both Booted Eagle and Long-legged Buzzard. Our study improves knowledge of the habitat requirements for nest selection and the potential competitive interactions between these raptor species in Mediterranean forests, and highlights the need for implementation of habitat management and conservation strategies.
Financial risk protection in private health insurance: empirical evidence on catastrophic and impoverishing spending from Germany's dual insurance system
Authors: Hengel Philipp , Blümel Miriam , Siegel Martin , Achstetter Katharina , Köppen Julia , Busse Reinhard 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFinancial risk protection from high costs for care is a main goal of health systems. Health system characteristics typically associated with universal health coverage and financial risk protection, such as financial redistribution between insureds, are inherent to, e.g. social health insurance (SHI) but missing in private health insurance (PHI). This study provides evidence on financial protection in PHI for the case of Germany's dual insurance system of PHI and SHI, where PHI covers 11% of the population. Linked survey and claims data of PHI insureds (n = 3105) and population-wide household budget data (n = 42,226) are used to compute the prevalence of catastrophic health expenditures (CHE), i.e. the share of households whose out-of-pocket payments either exceed 40% of their capacity-to-pay or push them (further) into poverty. Despite comparatively high out-of-pocket payments, CHE is low in German PHI. It only affects the poor. Key to low financial burden seems to be the restriction of PHI to a small, overall wealthy group. Protection for the worse-off is provided through special mandatorily offered tariffs. In sum, Germany's dual health insurance system provides close-to-universal coverage. Future studies should further investigate the effect of premiums on financial burden, especially when linked to utilisation.
Satellite Evidence of HONO/NO2 Increase With Fire Radiative Power
Authors: Fredrickson C. D. , Theys N. , Thornton J. A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWildfires are important sources of atmospheric reactive nitrogen. The reactive nitrogen species partitioning generally depends on fire characteristics. One reactive nitrogen compound, nitrous acid (HONO), is a source of hydroxyl radicals and nitric oxide, which can impact the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere and fire plume chemistry and composition. We study the Australian wildfire season of 2019–2020, known as Black Summer, where numerous large and intense wildfires burned throughout the continent. We use HONO and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) and fire radiative power (FRP) from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite to investigate HONO and NO2 relationships with fire characteristics. The ratio of HONO to NO2 increases linearly with FRP both in Australia and globally. Both Australian and global fire relationships depend strongly on land cover type. These relationships can be applied to emission inventories to improve wildfire emission representation in models.
An Assessment of Extra‐Tropical Cyclone Precipitation Extremes Over the Southern Hemisphere Using ERA5
Authors: McErlich Cameron , McDonald Adrian , Renwick James , Schuddeboom Alex 
Published: September 2023

AbstractERA5 reanalysis is used to examine extreme precipitation using a spatially dependent precipitation threshold applied within a cyclone compositing framework. This is used to account for regional variation in precipitation generating processes within Southern Hemisphere mid‐latitude cyclones across the cyclone lifecycle. The spatial extent of extreme precipitation is limited to a smaller region around the cyclone center compared to non‐extreme precipitation, though extreme precipitation displays a good spatial correlation with non‐extreme precipitation. Extreme precipitation occurs more often during the deepening phase of the cyclone before it reaches peak intensity. Precipitation occurrence at the 90th and 98th percentiles reduces to 46% and 30% of the deepening value across the cyclone lifecycle, averaged over the composite. Precipitation fraction at the 90th and 98th percentile reduces to 80% and 60% of the deepening value. Our methodology provides a quantitative assessment of precipitation extremes both spatially and temporally, within a cyclone compositing framework.
Revisiting the Relationship Between Tropical Cyclone Rapid Intensification and the Distribution of Inner‐Core Precipitation
Authors: Shi Donglei , Chen Guanghua , Xie Xinru 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe relationship between tropical cyclone (TC) rapid intensification (RI) and the distribution of inner‐core precipitation preceding RI is reexamined using satellite‐based precipitation measurements and best‐track data. TCs experiencing RI (RITCs) are classified into weakly, moderately and highly asymmetric categories according to the 25th and 75th percentiles of an objective asymmetry index. Composite results indicate that weakly‐to‐moderately asymmetric RITCs experience precipitation axisymmetrization before RI, resulting from increased coverage of both light‐to‐moderate (0.5–10 mm hr−1) and intense rainfall (>10 mm hr−1) upshear. Contrarily, the rainfall asymmetry strengthens significantly before RI in highly asymmetric RITCs due to an outbreak of intense convection downshear left, demonstrating climatologically that RI is not necessarily preceded by rainfall axisymmetrization. It is hypothesized that the different rainfall evolution characteristics may be explained by the balanced intensification theory, and the azimuthal‐mean precipitation rate normalized by TC intensity could be a predictor for RI regardless of the rainfall asymmetry.