bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between the optical and microstructural characteristics and surface wettability transition of In2O3:Sn/ZnO nanostructured bilayer system for self-cleaning application
Authors: Soltanian Asma , Ghasemi Mohsen , Eftekhari Leila , Soleimanian Vishtasb 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this research, in the Glass/In2O3: Sn/ZnO nanostructured bilayers system, In2O3: Sn and ZnO thin films were deposited onto glass using thermal evaporation and spray pyrolysis, respectively. The thin films were annealed at 350, 400‚ 450‚ 500‚ and 550 °C for 90 min. The primitive purpose of this study was to explain the effect of annealing temperature on the wettability, optical, microstructural, and morphological properties of the bilayers using UV–vis spectrophotometer, advanced x-ray diffraction (XDA) analysis, atomic force microscope (AFM), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Various parameters were determined, including the transmission and reflection coefficients, optical energy band gap, extinction coefficient, refractive index, lattice strain, dislocation density, root mean square roughness, and water contact angle for the samples before UV exposure. The wettability results showed that the hydrophobicity of the In2O3: Sn/ZnO nanostructured thin films without UV radiation was improved by increasing the annealing temperature due to the increase in root mean square (RMS) roughness. Microstructural analysis indicated that increasing the annealing temperature increased crystallite size and decreased the lattice strain. The contact angles of the samples were significantly reduced, and the surface wettability of the layers changed from hydrophobic to hydrophilic after the UV treatment. Finally, the correlation between the optical, microstructural, morphological, and wettability features of the samples was determined. The effective optical band gap was observed to have a linear, inverse square, and quadratic correlation with strain, crystallite size, and dislocation density, respectively.
Feasibility of raised inner strike point equilibria scenario in ITER for detritiation from beryllium co-deposits
Authors: Park Jae-Sun , Bonnin Xavier , Pitts Richard , Gribov Y. , Wauters Tom , Kavin A.A. , Lukash V.E. , Khayrutdinov R.R. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In ITER, tritium retention primarily occurs through co-deposition with beryllium. To avoid exceeding the strict tritium inventory limit, efficient tritium recovery techniques are essential. Baking is the ITER baseline for tritium recovery, but its effectiveness in removing tritium from thick beryllium layers is limited. A raised strike point scenario is considered an alternative method for removing tritium from the ITER inner vertical divertor target by heating components via plasma flux. This paper presents SOLPS-ITER code simulations conducted under various conditions, assessing the divertor performance and tritium outgassing of the raised strike point scenario. As the strike point is raised, recycled neutrals are not efficiently baffled by the dome and scrape-off layer, significantly changing the neutral trajectory and ionization source distribution. This improves detachment accessibility but worsens core-edge compatibility compared to the baseline scenario. However, in the partially detached condition, the impact of raising the strike point, perpendicular transport, and q
95 on target heat flux is not significant, as it primarily scales with the input power. Target heat flux is translated to target surface temperature using a simplified heat transfer model that considers the 3D target monoblock geometry and active cooling condition, excluding Be layer thermal properties. For partially detached divertor conditions, the bulk tungsten monoblock surface temperature remains below the baking temperature, which is insufficient for efficient tritium outgassing under the actively cooled ITER divertor condition. However, considering the potential thermal contact resistance between the beryllium and tungsten layers, which may significantly impact temperature distribution, the temperature of the beryllium layer can be raised to a level sufficient for efficient tritium outgassing. Therefore, the raised strike point scenario can be considered as an alternative in-vessel tritium removal technique.
SOLPS-ITER predictive simulations of the impact of ion-molecule elastic collisions on strongly detached MAST-U Super-X divertor conditions
Authors: Myatra O. , Moulton D. , Dudson B. , Lipschultz B. , Newton S. , Verhaegh K. , Fil A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The role of ion-molecule (

D
+

−

D
2

) elastic collisions in strongly detached divertor conditions has been studied in the MAST-U Super-X configuration using SOLPS-ITER. Two strongly detached steady state solutions were compared, one obtained through a main-ion fuelling scan and the other through a nitrogen seeding scan at fixed fuelling rate. A significant difference in the electron–ion recombination (EIR) levels was observed; significant EIR in strongly detached conditions in the fuelling scan and negligible EIR throughout the seeding scan. This is partly because the fuelling scan achieves electron temperatures (

T

e

) as low as 0.2 eV near the divertor target, compared to 0.8 eV in the seeding scan (EIR increases strongly below

T

e

≈
1

eV), and partly due to higher divertor plasma densities achieved in fuelling scan. Features of the strongly detached seeded cases, i.e. higher temperatures and negligible EIR, are recovered in the fuelling scan by turning off

D
+

−

D
2

elastic collisions. Analysis suggests that dissipation mechanisms like line radiation and charge exchange (important for detachment initiation) become weak when

T

e

falls below 1 eV, and that

D
+

−

D
2

elastic collisions are necessary for further heat dissipation and access to strongly recombining conditions in the fuelling scan. In the seeding scan, heat dissipation through

D
+

−

D
2

elastic collisions is weak. This could be because our nitrogen seeding simulations do not include interactions between nitrogen ions and neutrals, and the strongly detached cases contain high levels of

N
+

in the divertor. As a result, the

N
+

acts like a reservoir of energy and momentum which appears to weaken the impact of

D
+

−

D
2

elastic collisions on the divertor plasma energy and momentum balance, making it more difficult to access recombining conditions. This suggests that some of the differences between seeding and fuelling scans could be because energy and momentum exchange between impurities and neutrals is not sufficiently captured in our simulations.
Dynamic Mode Decomposition of merging wind turbine wakes
Authors: Zormpa M. , Le Clainche S. , Ferrer E. , Vogel C.R. , Willden R.H.J. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The design and operation of wind farms is significantly affected by the impact that upstream turbine wakes have on the power production and fatigue loading of subsequent turbines; often called the wake effect. In this work, two types of flows are considered: the wake of a single turbine with a laminar inflow and the combined wake of two turbines operating in-line where the upstream wake results in an unsteady inflow for the downstream turbine. Those two scenarios are simulated using large eddy simulation (LES) and the actuator line method (ALM). The spatio-temporal velocity fields are analyzed by means of high order dynamic mode decomposition (HODMD), a well established variant of the DMD. The results show that most of the higher frequencies characterizing the laminar case are instead dominated by the lower frequency modes in the combined wake. This suggests that structures emerging from the blade rotations in a wind turbine wake may be less significant for describing the wake dynamics when the rotor is operating in the unsteady wake of an upstream rotor.
Investigations of Farm-to-Farm Interactions and Blockage Effects from AWAKEN Using Large-Scale Numerical Simulations
Authors: Cheung Lawrence , Hsieh Alan , Blaylock Myra , Herges Thomas , deVelder Nathaniel , Brown Kenneth , Sakievich Philip , Houck Daniel , Maniaci David , Kaul Collen , Rai Raj , Hamilton Nicholas , Rybchuk Alex , Scott Ryan , Thedin Regis , Brazell Michael , Churchfield Matthew , Sprague Michael 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A large-scale numerical computation of five wind farms was performed as a part of the American WAKE experimeNt (AWAKEN). This high-fidelity computation used the ExaWind/AMR-Wind LES solver to simulate a 100 km × 100 km domain containing 541 turbines under unstable atmospheric conditions matching previous measurements. The turbines were represented by Joukowski and OpenFAST coupled actuator disk models. Results of this qualitative comparison illustrate the interactions of wind farms with large-scale ABL structures in the flow, as well as the extent of downstream wake penetration in the flow and blockage effects around wind farms.
Can we yet do a fairer and more complete validation of wind farm parametrizations in the WRF model?
Authors: Peña Alfredo , García-Santiago Oscar , Kosović Branko , Mirocha Jeffrey D. , Juliano Timothy W. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Wind-farm parametrizations in numerical weather prediction models continue to be developed and used to study the impact of wind farms on both the local climate and other wind farms. Therefore, it is important to evaluate their accuracy in simulating the wind field. Here, we evaluate the Fitch scheme, which is the in-built wind-farm parametrization of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model by simulating a small wind farm through idealized simulations in the WRF model. We simulate the wind-farm impact on the atmosphere by using two planetary boundary layer schemes, one of these designed for the terra incognita, a range of scales finer than used for traditional mesoscale simulations, yet still too coarse for large-eddy simulation (LES). For both schemes, we use two horizontal grid spacings, 960 and 240 m, which are typical within the terra incognita. We compare these simulations using the Fitch wind farm parametrization with wakes modelled at high-resolution using the LES capability of the WRF model combined with an actuator disk wind turbine model designed for LES. From this preliminary assessment, we find that the simulations at the coarsest resolution are in better agreement with spatially-averaged outputs of the LES compared to that of the medium-range resolution simulations with LES, which are spatially averaged to the medium size spacing. The medium-range resolution simulations show the greatest velocity differences between the simulations without and with wakes.
Experimental analysis of the wake behind a small wind-turbine model in yaw
Authors: Micheletto D , Segalini A , Fransson J H M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this work we study the wake of a yawed wind-turbine model immersed in an atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). The ABL is replicated in the wind tunnel by means of a barrier-spires and distributed roughness configuration and is representative of a rural terrain. We quantify the properties of the wake in the horizontal plane at hub height and compare the predictions of available wake models to our data for different yaw angles. It is found that the model based on lifting-line theory performs best in predicting the velocity deficit without the need of tuning the parameters to the current setup. However, the wake deflection is slightly underestimated, most notably at the transition between near and far wake. Furthermore, a comparison with the turbine in a uniform incoming flow highlights the enhanced downward deflection of the wake which results from its interaction with the ABL.
Transient phenomena study in wind energy by means of LES simulations: impact of wind direction changes
Authors: Barile DA , Navarro Diaz GP , Sosa R , Otero AD 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Transient phenomena such as abrupt changes in wind direction occur frequently during the operation of wind farms. The wakes produced behind wind turbines are affected by these situations, modifying the impact on nearby turbines, both in power output and life expectancy of the blades. In this work, a group of 4 turbines in a wind farm is analysed via Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulations during wind shifts. Large Eddy Simulations (LES) are carried out by means of the open-source software OpenFOAM, including the SOWFA libraries. Once the wakes reach a time average stationary solution the wind direction is modified by means of a pressure gradient forcing, imposing different change rates. An actuator disk with the ability to correct yaw misalignment is used to represent turbines. Besides, neutral Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) flows are considered. Results show that for higher change rates the greatest impact on the downwind turbine is produced when turbines are no longer collinear with wind direction due to the wake curvature. Also, higher change rates produce a higher curvature modifying the impact on power output of downwind turbines. This study provides a deeper understanding of the cause of greater deficits in wind farm output.
Modelling of wind turbine wakes over forests along the diurnal cycle
Authors: Olivares-Espinosa Hugo , Arnqvist Johan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This work presents a methodology for the Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) of the continuous transition of atmospheric stability over forests along the diurnal cycle and its effect on the turbulence characteristics of wind turbine wakes. The forest is modelled as a porous surface where temperature changes, transferred to the air via sensible transport, are caused by the variation of net radiation and in proportion to the tree height and leaf density. The flow is driven by a pressure gradient including Coriolis forcing to allow for the development of nocturnal inertial oscillations. An actuator disk is employed to model the wake of a wind turbine located in Ryningsnäs, Sweden, for which metmast measurements are available to carry out a comparison. Results show a good prediction of the inflow and wake characteristics during daytime whereas turbulence fluctuations seem to be overestimated during night periods, attributed to a combination of an excess in geostrophic velocity and coarse mesh resolution. Observations of velocity, heat flux, potential temperature, velocity spectra and other higher order statistics are used to characterize the diurnal variations both in the inflow and across the wake. The results show that the model is capable of representing the turbulence flow dynamics during the diurnal stability transition, hence laying the ground to future studies to assess the performance of wind parks over forested areas.
Study on flow and noise characteristics of composite NACA64418 blade under different inlet velocities
Authors: Qiao Juanjuan , Jia Jiahao , Liu Tingrui 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This paper conducts an analytical study on the composite NACA64418 blade. The study uses the large eddy simulation (LES) method to calculate the unsteady flow field of NACA64418 at different inlet velocities, and the trend of flow field characteristics with different inlet velocities was analysed. It was found that the energy characteristics of the wing increased continuously with the growth in velocity. However, based on the trend of the lift-to-drag ratio, it is presumed that the lift-to-drag ratio will eventually remain constant or may even decrease when a certain inlet velocity is reached. The Q-criteria was used to identify the vortex structure. It is found that the flow state on the wing surface at high velocities can be clearly distinguished according to the vortex morphology, containing laminar, transitional and turbulent regions. Finally, the aerodynamic noise of the far-field wing is obtained by solving the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) equation, and the noise characteristics are analysed. We obtain that the noise around the wing increases with the increase of velocity. The noise value increases more significant in Φ=90° and 270°, but the noise increase ratio is more evident in Φ=0° and 180°.
Application of Moving Particle Simulation Method on Water-skipping
Authors: Ren Fantao , Jiang Yi , Niu Yusen , Yang Baosheng , Su Zhengyu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Inspired by the phenomenon of stone-skipping in life, the problem of continuous water-skipping in trans-media vehicles is widely concerned, which is characterized by multiphase flow-solid coupling, dynamic boundary, liquid surface fragmentation and high impact loads. Based on the Moving Particle Semi-implicit numerical method, this paper investigates the disc’s motion characteristics and liquid surface variation, focusing on the influence of the water entry parameters on the sloshing phenomenon of the water-skipping. The simulation results indicate that the disc water skipping process can be divided into three stages: water entry, sliding and re-flying, during which the disc is with large impact loads and the water surface is with large scale breaking and droplet splashing. With certain rotation velocity, the disc could maintain a smooth water skipping, while there will be a lateral displacement due to the Magnus effect. The larger the water-entry velocity and angel is, the larger impact load is, the faster velocity decay rate is, the larger vacuole area is, and larger the water surface broking area and the droplet splashing is. Predicted water-skipping phenomenon agrees well with the experimental result obtained from high-speed photography.
Positioning accuracy estimation of spacecraft simulator based on Monte Carlo and Anderson-Darling test
Authors: Wei Yaqiang , Xu Zhigang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In aerospace ground test system, positioning accuracy estimation of spacecraft simulator has an important influence on the trajectory planning and obstacle avoidance optimization. In this study, the fusion strategy of multi-laser-ranging-sensors is used to analyse the principle of laser ranging in the positioning of spacecraft simulator. On this basis, effect of measurement error on the positioning accuracy of spacecraft simulator is analysed, and theoretical derivation are performed. In order to accurately estimate the positioning accuracy, the algorithm based on Monte Carlo and Anderson-Darling test are introduced. Finally, simulations and experiments were conducted for the above algorithm. The result shows that the fusion strategy of multi-laser ranging sensors is reasonable. Compared with traditional positioning and accuracy estimation methods of spacecraft simulator, the proposed method is more precise for the accuracy estimate and is more convenient for engineers to use.
An Improved NSGA-II for Energy-oriented Hot Rolling Production Scheduling Problems
Authors: Chen Lan , Cao Ling-Ling , Wen Yao-Min , Jiang Sheng-Long 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
With the sharply increasing energy demand and the shortage of energy, the scheduling goal of hot rolling production (HRP) is to select and sequence slabs to reduce cost and energy consumption. A multi-objective HRP optimal scheduling model is formulated and transferred as a multi-objective prize collecting vehicle routing problem (MO-PCVRP) with special constraints that simultaneously minimizes the jump cost of width, thickness, and hardness between adjacent slabs, the total length of unselected slabs, and the energy cost. Furthermore, this paper introduces a greedy strategy to intensify the local search of the standard NSGA-II algorithm, and names it local-intensification NSGA-II (LI-NSGA-II). The comparison experiments show that the LI-NSGA-II algorithm obtains better comprehensive performance than other compared algorithms in solving multi-objective scheduling problems of HRP.
Sea Launch Adapter Response in Rough Sea Conditions Considering Strain Rate Effects
Authors: Deng Wang , Jianshuai Shao , Miao Chen , Yuanyang Zhao , Yi Jiang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The launch vehicle sea launch system is a typical strong nonlinear complex coupled system. There is relative motion between the launch vehicle and the frame-type launcher in the offshore wind and wave environment. The multiple impact loads between the adapters and the guideways are nonlinear and discontinuous. The contact velocities between adapters and guideways are different. The strain rate of polyurethane foam should be considered in the adapter model. Based on the experimental data of polyurethane foam compression, a more accurate modified phenomenology macroscopic model is established. Dynamic models of the sea launch system with and without adapter strain rate effects are established respectively for comparative analysis. The results show that the dynamic effect of adapter strain rate effects on launch vehicle sea launch cannot be ignored.
Data Processing Method of Photoelectric Effect Experiment Based on Grey Prediction
Authors: Fang Yuelei , Zhou Hongxian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In the Planck teaching experiment of photoelectric effect measurement, Due to the limitation of experimental equipment, only a few wavelengths of data can be measured, and the current data processing methods used in experimental teaching are not suitable for the situation of small data capacity, which leads to large errors in experimental results. In this paper, a data processing method of Planck constant based on grey prediction model is proposed, which can effectively improve the measurement accuracy of experiments.
Influence of Al content on the elastic properties and various anisotropies of AlxC rFeCoNiCu high entropy alloys base on the first-principles calculation
Authors: Li Yanzhou , Shi Yan , Chen Rongna , Wang Hongxin , Zhang Peng , Zhou Binjun , Li Defa , Lin Hua , Ding Lin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
First-principles density-functional theory was used to analyze the effects of Al on the mechanical properties, stability, elastic constant, and elastic anisotropy of AlxCrFeCoNiCu (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2) HEAs. The calculations of volume modulus, shear modulus, and Young’s modulus show that the increase of Al content can improve the strength of HEAs, and the degree of influence of Al on Young’s modulus of the HEAs is higher than that of shear modulus and volume modulus. The calculations of Cauchy pressure, Paugh ratio, and Poisson’s ratio show that FeCoNiCrCu, Al0.5CrFeCoNiCu, and AlCrFeCoNiCu have good flexibility and plasticity. AlxCrFeCoNiCu HEAs with different Al contents all exhibit elastic anisotropy.
Study of fluorine-doped tin oxide thin films deposited by pneumatic spray pyrolysis and ultrasonic spray pyrolysis: a direct comparison
Authors: Ramírez-Amador Raquel , Alvarado-Pulido José Joaquín , Martínez-Hernández Haydee Patricia , Cortes- Maldonado Raúl , Alcántara-Iniesta Salvador , Flores-Carrasco Gregorio , Ojeda-Durán Esteban , Malik Oleksandr , Morales-de la Garza Leonardo , Méndez-Rojas Miguel Ángel , Panecatl-Bernal Yesmin , Luna-López José Alberto , López-Salazar Primavera 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A comparative analysis was performed of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) thin films deposited through two different systems: pneumatic spray pyrolysis and ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. The films were deposited on glass substrates at 460 °C, with varying weight ratios of fluorine to tin (F/Sn = 0.35, F/Sn = 0.50, and F/Sn = 0.65). The investigation focuses on the evolution of the film’s crystallinity, structural, morphological, transmittance, optical, and electrical properties. Resonant nuclear reaction (RNR) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) techniques were used to confirm the presence of fluorine in the FTO samples. The results show that the sample with F/Sn = 0.50 deposited through pneumatic spray pyrolysis, with a figure of merit of 34.5 × 10−3 Ω−1, exhibits the best characteristics for use as electrodes in optoelectronic devices, particularly in the fabrication of solar cells.