bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dimensions of women’s mobility, livelihoods, and vulnerability in artisanal and small-scale mining-induced local economy
Authors: Arthur-Holmes Francis , Yeboah Thomas , Busia Kwaku Abrefa 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Dominant artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) narratives highlight the invisibility of women’s livelihoods and gendered struggles in the sector. Indeed, the dimensions of women’s livelihoods in ASM, how daily mobilities aid this, and the specific vulnerabilities various women face in ASM settings are still understudied and undertheorised. Drawing on a local economy perspective and qualitative research involving semi-structured interviews and field observations in Ghana, we explore the livelihood dimensions of different women engaged in ASM within the context of an open rural economy. Our findings highlight diverse groups of women building livelihoods in ASM: young girls and women during school holidays, young junior high school students and apprentices working during weekends, young girls awaiting their Basic Education Certificate Examination results, young women in need of money for learning a vocation, pregnant teens/young women, and women in pursuit of money to set up micro enterprises (petty-trading) build a temporary livelihood in ASM to deal with their dire economic situations. However, destitute women, single, divorced/separated, married women, migrants, and widows who face economic hardships, as well as those who struggle to have better alternative livelihood options in the rural economy, choose to create a permanent source of income from ASM through their participation as diggers, selectors, or carriers of ore. The third livelihood dimension is the indirect livelihood opportunities ASM offer to women through 'san ban ho’ (side-work livelihood based on credit conditions); petty-trading in ASM spaces; home-based trading; and market-day trading; commuting trading; underground pit ‘ghetto’ sponsorship. While daily mobility shapes the viability of livelihood-building efforts in ASM, in most cases, women experience different health and economic vulnerabilities that affect their health-related quality of life and livelihood gains. Some of these vulnerabilities include sexual exploitation and teenage pregnancies among young women and girls of school-going age, and economic hardships caused by the state-imposed ban on ASM on the livelihood of women such as ‘san ban ho’ and commuting traders who indirectly depend on the boom in ASM communities. We argue that formalisation efforts and policies ought to advance employment opportunities for women who directly and indirectly participate in the ASM sector without displacing them and destroying the livelihoods of women whose income, daily survival and very existence are dependent on ASM.
The effects of oxygen fugacity and sulfur on the pressure of vapor-saturation of magma
Authors: Hughes Ery C. , Liggins Philippa , Saper Lee , Stolper Edward M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Geobarometers are commonly used to determine the pressure (and hence depth) of magmatic bodies. For instance, at equilibrium, the concentration of dissolved volatiles in a vapor-saturated melt can be used as a barometer: this is the pressure of vapor-saturation (Psatv). Most determinations of Psatv assume that melt and vapor contain only oxidized C-O-H species. However, sulfur is the third most abundant volatile element in magmas, and oxygen fugacity (fO2) exerts a strong influence on the speciation of the melt and vapor. To explore how S and fO2 affect calculations of Psatv, we model a Hawaiian tholeiite that contains both reduced and oxidized C-O-H-S species in the melt and vapor. We find that excluding reduced C-O-H species in the system can result in significant underestimations of Psatv under reducing conditions (ΔFMQ &lt; 0). The effect of S on Psatv is small except in the vicinity of the “sulfur solubility minimum” (SSmin; 0 &lt; ΔFMQ &lt; +2), where excluding S-bearing species can result in underestimates of Psatv.
The implications of these results depend on the volatile concentration of the system being investigated, its fO2, and the melt composition and temperature. Our results suggest there will be little impact on Psatv calculated for mid-ocean ridge basalts because their fO2 is above where reduced C-O-H species become important in the melt and vapor and yet below the SSmin. However, the fO2 of ocean island and arc basalts are close enough to the SSmin and their S concentrations high enough to influence Psatv. However, high-CO2 and high-H2O concentrations are predicted to reduce the effect of the SSmin. Hence, Psatv calculated for shallowly trapped melt inclusions and matrix glass are more affected by the SSmin than deeply trapped melt inclusions. Lunar and martian magmas are typically more reduced than terrestrial magmas, and therefore accurate Psatv calculations for them require the inclusion of reduced C-O-H species.
Urbanization effects on the groundwater potential recharge of the aquifers in the southern part of the Basin of Mexico
Authors: Ávila-Carrasco José Roberto , Hernández-Hernández Mario Alberto , Herrera Graciela S. , Hernández-García Guillermo De Jesús 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Collection, processing, and analysis of GIS and satellite data were performed in this work to estimate temporal groundwater recharge changes, which are needed as input in numerical groundwater-flow models. Layers of geological alignments, land use, drainage network, lithology, topography, and precipitation were collected. This information was spatialized, then layer importance was calculated using an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) based on infiltration capacity to define Potential Recharge (PR) regions. A water budget equation was used to calculate PR volumes. The analysis was done every five years from 1970-19, considering average urban area changes. For all study periods, an increase in urban area was calculated from 16 to 28% of the total study area, while potential recharge decreased from 23 to 19% of the mean precipitation values for each 5-year period. The most significant urban expansion was from 1980-94 and 2010-19, which match periods of potential recharge decrease. However, a slight increase in PR from 2000-09, unrelated to urban area change, may be due to temperature variations. The results account for the spatial and temporal dynamics of the recharge in the study area and can be used as input data to calibrate the actual recharge in a groundwater numerical model.
A Fast and Minimal System to Identify Depression Using Smartphones: Explainable Machine Learning–Based Approach
Authors: Ahmed Md Sabbir , Ahmed Nova 
Published: April 2023

Background
Existing robust, pervasive device-based systems developed in recent years to detect depression require data collected over a long period and may not be effective in cases where early detection is crucial. Additionally, due to the requirement of running systems in the background for prolonged periods, existing systems can be resource inefficient. As a result, these systems can be infeasible in low-resource settings.

Objective
Our main objective was to develop a minimalistic system to identify depression using data retrieved in the fastest possible time. Another objective was to explain the machine learning (ML) models that were best for identifying depression.

Methods
We developed a fast tool that retrieves the past 7 days’ app usage data in 1 second (mean 0.31, SD 1.10 seconds). A total of 100 students from Bangladesh participated in our study, and our tool collected their app usage data and responses to the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. To identify depressed and nondepressed students, we developed a diverse set of ML models: linear, tree-based, and neural network–based models. We selected important features using the stable approach, along with 3 main types of feature selection (FS) approaches: filter, wrapper, and embedded methods. We developed and validated the models using the nested cross-validation method. Additionally, we explained the best ML models through the Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) method.

Results
Leveraging only the app usage data retrieved in 1 second, our light gradient boosting machine model used the important features selected by the stable FS approach and correctly identified 82.4% (n=42) of depressed students (precision=75%, F1-score=78.5%). Moreover, after comprehensive exploration, we presented a parsimonious stacking model where around 5 features selected by the all-relevant FS approach Boruta were used in each iteration of validation and showed a maximum precision of 77.4% (balanced accuracy=77.9%). Feature importance analysis suggested app usage behavioral markers containing diurnal usage patterns as being more important than aggregated data-based markers. In addition, a SHAP analysis of our best models presented behavioral markers that were related to depression. For instance, students who were not depressed spent more time on education apps on weekdays, whereas those who were depressed used a higher number of photo and video apps and also had a higher deviation in using photo and video apps over the morning, afternoon, evening, and night time periods of the weekend.

Conclusions
Due to our system’s fast and minimalistic nature, it may make a worthwhile contribution to identifying depression in underdeveloped and developing regions. In addition, our detailed discussion about the implication of our findings can facilitate the development of less resource-intensive systems to better understand students who are depressed and take steps for intervention.
Artificial Intelligence Supporting the Training of Communication Skills in the Education of Health Care Professions: Scoping Review
Authors: Stamer Tjorven , Steinhäuser Jost , Flägel Kristina 
Published: April 2023

Background
Communication is a crucial element of every health care profession, rendering communication skills training in all health care professions as being of great importance. Technological advances such as artificial intelligence (AI) and particularly machine learning (ML) may support this cause: it may provide students with an opportunity for easily accessible and readily available communication training.

Objective
This scoping review aimed to summarize the status quo regarding the use of AI or ML in the acquisition of communication skills in academic health care professions.

Methods
We conducted a comprehensive literature search across the PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science Core Collection, and CINAHL databases to identify articles that covered the use of AI or ML in communication skills training of undergraduate students pursuing health care profession education. Using an inductive approach, the included studies were organized into distinct categories. The specific characteristics of the studies, methods and techniques used by AI or ML applications, and main outcomes of the studies were evaluated. Furthermore, supporting and hindering factors in the use of AI and ML for communication skills training of health care professionals were outlined.

Results
The titles and abstracts of 385 studies were identified, of which 29 (7.5%) underwent full-text review. Of the 29 studies, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 (3.1%) were included. The studies were organized into 3 distinct categories: studies using AI and ML for text analysis and information extraction, studies using AI and ML and virtual reality, and studies using AI and ML and the simulation of virtual patients, each within the academic training of the communication skills of health care professionals. Within these thematic domains, AI was also used for the provision of feedback. The motivation of the involved agents played a major role in the implementation process. Reported barriers to the use of AI and ML in communication skills training revolved around the lack of authenticity and limited natural flow of language exhibited by the AI- and ML-based virtual patient systems. Furthermore, the use of educational AI- and ML-based systems in communication skills training for health care professionals is currently limited to only a few cases, topics, and clinical domains.

Conclusions
The use of AI and ML in communication skills training for health care professionals is clearly a growing and promising field with a potential to render training more cost-effective and less time-consuming. Furthermore, it may serve learners as an individualized and readily available exercise method. However, in most cases, the outlined applications and technical solutions are limited in terms of access, possible scenarios, the natural flow of a conversation, and authenticity. These issues still stand in the way of any widespread implementation ambitions.
Fibroblast Activation Protein Overexpression in Gastrointestinal Tumors: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Sunami Yoshiaki , Ronellenfitsch Ulrich , Kleeff Jorg , Rebelo Artur 
Published: April 2023

Background
A hallmark of gastrointestinal cancer, especially pancreatic cancer, is the dense stromal tumor microenvironment in which cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) represent the major stromal cell type. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that depletion of fibroblast activation protein (FAP)–positive CAFs results in increased survival.

Objective
We present the protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis that aim to assess the currently available evidence on the effect of FAP expression on survival and clinical characteristics in gastrointestinal cancers.

Methods
The literature search and data analysis will be conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2020 statement. The databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov will be searched via their respective online search engines. A meta-analysis comparing patients with and without FAP overexpression with the following outcomes will be performed: postoperative survival (overall and median survival; 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates), histological differentiation (grading), local tumor invasion, lymph node metastases, and distant metastases. Odds ratios will be calculated for binary data, and weighted mean differences and relative SD differences will be determined for continuous data. The 95% CI, heterogeneity measures, and statistical significance will be reported for each outcome. The chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests will be used to evaluate statistical significance. A P value of <.05 will be considered statistically significant.

Results
Database searches will commence in April 2023. The meta-analysis will be completed by December 2023.

Conclusions
In recent years, several publications on FAP overexpression in gastrointestinal tumors have been published. The only published meta-analysis on this topic dates to 2015. It included 15 studies on various solid tumors and only 8 studies focusing exclusively on gastrointestinal tumors. The expected results of the present analysis will provide new evidence on the prognostic value of FAP in gastrointestinal tumors and thereby support health care professionals and patients in their decision-making.

Trial Registration
PROSPERO CRD42022372194; https://tinyurl.com/352ae8b8

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/45176
Pathogenic Gene Spectrum and Clinical Implication in Chinese Patients with Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Zhang Changming , Han Xu , Jin Ying , Chen Xiang , Gong Cheng , Peng Jiahui , Wang Yusha , Luo Xiaoxin , Yang Zhaohui , Zhang Yangyang , Wan Weiguo , Liu Xiaohui , Mao Jianhua , Yu Haiguo , Li Jingyi , Liu Li , Sun Li , Yang Sirui , An Yu , Liu Zhengzhao , Gao Erzhi , Zhu Honghao , Chen Yinghua , Yu Xiaomin , Zhou Qing , Liu Zhihong 
Published: April 2023

Background
Lupus nephritis is a rare immunological disorder. Genetic factors are considered important in its causation. We aim to systematically investigate the rare pathogenic gene variants in patients with lupus nephritis.

Methods
Whole-exome sequencing was used to screen pathogenic gene variants in 1886 probands with lupus nephritis. Variants were interpreted on the basis of known pathogenic variants or the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines and studied by functional analysis, including RNA sequencing, quantitative PCR, cytometric bead array, and Western blotting.

Results
Mendelian form of lupus nephritis was confirmed in 71 probands, involving 63 variants in 39 pathogenic genes. The detection yield was 4%. The pathogenic genes enriched in nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), type I interferon, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/serine/threonine kinase Akt (PI3K/AKT), Ras GTPase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (RAS/MAPK), and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathways. Clinical manifestation patterns were diverse among different signaling pathways. More than 50% of the pathogenic gene variants were reported to be associated with lupus or lupus nephritis for the first time. The identified pathogenic gene variants of lupus nephritis overlapped with those of autoinflammatory and immunodeficiency diseases. Inflammatory signatures, such as cytokine levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, IFNα, IFNγ, and IP10 in serum and transcriptional levels of interferon-stimulated genes in blood, were significantly higher in patients with pathogenic gene variants compared with controls. The overall survival rate of patients with pathogenic gene variants was lower than those without pathogenic gene variants.

Conclusions
A small fraction of patients with lupus nephritis had identifiable pathogenic gene variants, primarily in NF-κB, type I interferon, PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT, RAS/MAPK, and complement pathways.
EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL E OS HÁBITOS DE MANEJO DOS RESÍDUOS DOMICILIARES DOS MORADORES DO MUNICÍPIO DE GUARUJÁ, BRASIL
Authors: Kumschlies Marcia Celia Galinski , Schalch Valdir 
Published: April 2023

O desenvolvimento mundial das últimas décadas conjugado ao crescimento na produção de bens de consumo tem impactado diretamente na produção dos resíduos sólidos urbanos, tornando-se um grande problema socioambiental. Foi nesse cenário que em 2010 foi instituída a Lei 12.305 denominada Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, regulamentada pelo Decreto 10.936/2022. A efetividade das ações necessárias e preconizadas por esta legislação está consolidada no Programa Nacional de Educação Ambiental e na Política de Educação Ambiental. O objetivo geral deste estudo foi conhecer o nível de consciência ambiental e os hábitos de descarte dos resíduos domiciliares dos moradores de Guarujá, Brasil. A metodologia adotada se apoiou em uma pesquisa descritiva com abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa. Foi realizada uma pesquisa com 384 estudantes universitários do município. Os resultados permitiram concluir que existe uma moderada consciência ambiental no que concerne ao conhecimento sobre a forma correta do descarte dos resíduos, entretanto, é possível afirmar que eles não estão engajados para a adoção de comportamentos ambientalmente responsáveis, haja vista, que a pesquisa revelou que 77% dos respondentes descartam os resíduos recicláveis junto com a coleta regular. Neste cenário, a educação ambiental deve ser fomentada como um processo participativo e contínuo, devendo promover a capilaridade da sociedade e o diálogo com as diferentes instâncias de poder, despertando atitude cidadã por meio de uma consciência crítica e a aquisição de hábitos ecologicamente corretos e responsáveis do manejo dos resíduos que contribuem para diminuir ou mitigar a degradação ambiental.
Pengembangan Kawasan Taman Magenda Payangan Bali Sebagai Wisata Spiritual
Authors: Luxiana I Wayan Suky , Runa I Wayan , Parwata I Wayan , Kurniawan Agus 
Published: April 2023

Goa Pesiraman Bhatari lingsir, Pura Dalem Agung Payangan (Taman Magenda) merupakan misteri Keangkeran Pura Dalem Agung Payangan dikarenakan Pura Dalem ini sebagai tempat melinggihnya sekaligus Parahyangan ida Bhatari Dalem lingsir. Taman Magenda terletak di Payangan yang merupakan salah satu Kecamatan di kabupaten Gianyar yang berada diketinggian 600 meter diatas permukaan laut dan berbatasan langsung dengan wilayah bukit Kintamani Bangli sehingga daerah ini terkenal sangat subur terutama dalam pertanian maupun perkebunan sayur-mayur,kopi,coklat dan lain-lain. Pada jaman dahulu nama Payangan adalah Parahyangan yang berarti Kahyangan dikarenakan jauh sebelum kedatangan Rsi Markandeya ke Nusa Dawa (Bali) tempat ini adalah pancer Hyang suci berstana dengan kata lain Bumi Parahyangan adalah sebagai stana tempat melinggihnya para Hyang Bhatara-Bhatari di Bali sehingga pada jaman dahulu bernama Parahyangan yang secara singkat pada saat ini pengucapannya menjadi Payangan. Tujuan dari Penelitian ini adalah untuk memanfaatkan potensi warisan budaya pura untuk dikelola menjadi kawasan yang tertata dan nyaman dikunjungi oleh umat Hindu, Taman Magenda sangat berpotensi sebagai wisata spiritual karena alam yang masih asli namun belum ada infrastruktur dan fasilitas penunjang yang memadai ke objek tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Tujuan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan informan dan menggunakan informan kunci. Hasil penelitian adalah dimana dalam pengolahan dibagi menjadi tiga zona yaitu zona utama (penataan areal utama pura, perkerasan pada jalan setapak, pembuatan toilet dan ruang ganti bagi pengunjung. Zona kedua adalah berupa fasilitas penunjang berupa wantilan sebagai tempat pertunjukan dan pesandekan. Zona ketiga yang dikatagorikan ke dalam area service penataan tempat parkir, loket, lesehan dan warung. Prinsip atau konsep yang digunakan dalam pengembangan adalah konsep ekowisata yaitu konservasi, partisipatif, pendidikan, ekonomi dan kepuasan pengunjung.
SYINTAK PEMBELAJARAN MENGGUNAKAN VIDEO PEMBELAJARAN KARAKTER BAGI ANAK USIA DINI DI KOTA PADANG
Authors: Hidayati Abna , Bentri Alwen 
Published: April 2023

Pengembangan video pembelajaran karakter bagi anak usia dini di Kota Padang akanberlangsung efektif jika disesuaikan dengan sintax atau urutan pembelajaran. Dalam hal inipenggunaan metode pembelajaran kooperatif menjadi penting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmenemukan syntaks pembelajaran menggunakan video pembelajaran karakter bagi anak usiadini di Kota Padang.Penelitian ini menggunakan model pengembangan Addie dengan tahapan desain,pengembangan, development, implementasi dan evaluasi. Pada bagian ini dibahas mengenaisyntaks pembelajaran menggunakan media video pendidikan karakter bagi anak usia dini.Syntaks ini divalidasi oleh pakar dari media pembelajaran dan anak usia dini. Syntakspembelajaran telah diberikan masukan oleh praktisi pendidikan yakni guru pada lembagaPaud di Kota Padang.Adapun hasil penelitian berupa urutan pembelajaran (syntaks) pada anak usia diniyakni diadopsi dari model ICARE atau Introduction, Connection, Application, Reflection danExtension yang dikembangkan oleh Bob Hoffman (1997) sebagai berikut, 1) Introductiondilakukan dengan mengenalkan nilai nilai karakter dengan membentuk skemata anak tentangnilai karakter, 2) Connection dilakukan dengan menghubungkan aktivitas yang dilakukandengan implementasi nilai karakter melalui video pembelajaran, 3) Application dilakukandengan cara menerapkan nilai karakter yang diperoleh melalui video pembelajaran danmembahasnya bersama anak tentang implementasinya. Berikutnya tahap 4) Reflectiondilakukan dengan merefleksikan aktivitas penanaman nilai karakter yang dilakukan dan tidakdilakukan, 5) Extention dilakukan dengan memberikan tantangan lebih luas kepada pesertadidik untuk mengoptimalkan implementasi nilai karakter. Setelah adanya hasil penelitiandisarankan guru mengoptimalkan pembelajaran karakter melalui impelementasi videopembelajaran dengan menerapkan syntak yang ditetapkan.