bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic value of reduced left atrial compliance during ergometry exercise in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Harada Tomonari , Kagami Kazuki , Shina Takayuki , Sorimachi Hidemi , Yuasa Naoki , Saito Yuki , Naito Ayami , Yoshida Kuniko , Kato Toshimitsu , Wada Naoki , Ishii Hideki , Obokata Masaru 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimsDiagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains challenging in patients presenting with chronic dyspnoea. We sought to determine the diagnostic value of reduced left atrial (LA) compliance during exercise to diagnose HFpEF.Methods and resultsErgometry exercise stress echocardiography was performed in 225 patients with HFpEF and 262 non‐heart failure controls (non‐cardiac dyspnoea [NCD]) in Protocol 1, where the diagnosis of HFpEF was defined by the HFA‐PEFF algorithm. In Protocol 2, the diagnosis of HFpEF was ascertained by exercise right heart catheterization in 67 participants (49 HFpEF and 18 NCD). Speckle‐tracking echocardiography was performed at rest and during exercise to determine LA compliance (ratio of LA reservoir strain to E/e'). As compared with NCD, patients with HFpEF demonstrated decreased LA reservoir strain and compliance at rest, and these differences further increased during exercise in Protocol 1. Exercise LA compliance discriminated HFpEF from NCD (area under the curve 0.87, p < 0.0001), with a superior diagnostic ability to exercise E/e' ratio (DeLong p = 0.005). Exercise LA compliance demonstrated incremental diagnostic value over clinical factors (age, systemic hypertension, and atrial fibrillation) and resting LA compliance (χ2 212.4 vs. 166.2, p < 0.0001). These findings were confirmed in Protocol 2.ConclusionLeft atrial compliance during exercise demonstrated superior diagnostic ability to exercise E/e' ratio, with incremental diagnostic value over the resting LA compliance. Exercise LA compliance may enhance the diagnosis of HFpEF among patients with dyspnoea.
Response surface methodology for optimizing the pulsed spray deposition of Co‐doped Bi2O3 photocatalytic thin films
Authors: El‐Kalliny Amer S. , Obaida M. , Moussa I. , Gad‐Allah Tarek A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo cumbersome separation of the very fine photocatalyst particles from the treated water, uniform, homogenic, and well‐adhered immobilized cobalt‐modified bismuth oxide thin films were deposited on glass substrates using the pulsed spray pyrolysis technique. The parameters of films deposition were optimized using the response surface method (RSM). Three preparation variables, namely, the time of deposition, the temperature, and the Co‐ratio have been studied to investigate their effects on the degradation rate constant of ofloxacin as a response. Furthermore, structural, morphological, and optical properties of the deposited films were measured by X‐ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscope, and UV–Visible spectrophotometer, whereas the photocatalytic activities were investigated by degradation of ofloxacin as a model pharmaceutical water pollutant. The experimental results showed a maximum rate constant of ofloxacin degradation of 0.092 , which is in a good agreement with the predictable results obtained from RSM. Therefore, RSM optimized successfully the spraying parameters to have the best film for use in the treatment of water pollutants.
Informal employment and catastrophic health expenditures: Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Kishwar Shabana , Bashir Saima , Hussain Akseer , Alam Khorshed 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWorkers in informal employment suffered significant out‐of‐pocket healthcare expenditures (OOPHEs) due to their low earnings and a lack of a social safety net or health insurance. There is little or no evidence of impoverishment caused by OOPHEs in the context of labor market categorization. Therefore, this study examines the economic burden of OOPHEs and its associated consequences on households, whose members are in informal employment. This study estimates the incidence of catastrophic health expenditures (CHEs) and impoverishment across the households in formal and informal employment and their key determinants in Pakistan by employing the data from the two rounds of the Household Integrated Economic Survey (2015‐16, 2018‐19). For measuring CHEs and impoverishment, the budget share and capacity‐to‐pay approaches are applied. Various thresholds are used to demonstrate the sensitivity of catastrophic measures. We found a higher incidence of catastrophic healthcare payments among the informal workers, that is, 4.03% and 7.11% for 2015‐16 and 2018‐19, respectively, at a 10% threshold, while at a 40% threshold, the incidence of CHEs is found to be 0.40% and 2.34% for 2015‐16 and 2018‐19, respectively. These OOPHEs caused 1.53% and 3.66% of households who are in informal employment to become impoverished, compared with their formal counterparts. The study demonstrates that the probability of incurring CHEs and becoming impoverished is high among informal workers, compared with their formal counterparts. This result has clear policy implications, in which to protect the informal workers, it is necessary to expand the insurance coverage, particularly during the COVID‐19 response and recovery efforts.
On an Assmus–Mattson type theorem for type I and even formally self‐dual codes
Authors: Miezaki Tsuyoshi , Nakasora Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the present paper, we give an Assmus–Mattson type theorem for near‐extremal Type I and even formally self‐dual codes. We show the existence of 1‐designs or 2‐designs for these codes. As a corollary, we prove the uniqueness of a self‐orthogonal 2‐ design.
Valorization of sea buckthorn seed protein to hydrolysates: Impact on morphological, structural, functional, and antioxidant properties
Authors: Khan Zakir Showkat , Sodhi Navdeep Singh , Fayaz Shemilah , Bakshi Rayees Ahmad , Siddiqi Raashid Ahmad , Dar Basharat N. , Mishra Hari N. , Dhillon Bhavnita 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing concerns about nutritional deficiency, food security, and sustainability have emphasized work on exploring alternative and sustainable sources of protein. In this study, an initiative to extract and utilize protein concentrates, and hydrolysates from sea buckthorn seed, otherwise a waste material, is undertaken. The effect of hydrolysis using various enzymes namely pepsin (pH 2.0 and 37°C), trypsin (pH 7.0 and 37°C), and protamex (pH 7.0 and 50°C), for different time durations, namely, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min, on the structural and functional properties of sea buckthorn seed protein concentrate (SSPC), was elucidated.ResultsThe emulsifying activity index and solubility of pepsin‐hydrolysed SSPC increased significantly and were higher than those of trypsin and protamex hydrolysed SSPC samples. A Fourier transformation infrared study revealed that the enzyme hydrolysis treatment reduced the peak intensity in amide I, II, and III bands. A significant change was found in the β‐sheet, β‐turn and random coiling of the secondary structure of SSPC protein by enzymatic hydrolysis. The particle size ranged from 295.8 to 440, 388 to 713.6, 399 to 890 nm for pepsin, trypsin, and protamex, respectively. The microstructure of pepsin‐treated samples showed a more porous and loose structure than native, trypsin and protamex. Antioxidant activity increased significantly for all the samples with enzyme treatments carried out for different periods.ConclusionThe results indicate that the protein‐rich hydrolysates could create new opportunities for the development of effective techno‐functional additives for use in a wide range of food formulations.
Effect of cationic surfactant on Ru(III) catalyzed L‐glutamic acid oxidation by hexacyanoferrate(III)
Authors: Srivastava Abhishek , Goswami Madhav Krishna , Dohare Rajeev Kumar , Srivastava Neetu , Srivastava Krishna 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn CTAB micellar medium, the kinetic investigation of Ru(III) promoted oxidation of L‐glutamic acid (Glu) by [Fe(CN)6]3− was carried out by recording the decline in absorbance at 420 nm, which corresponds to [Fe(CN)6]3−. By adjusting one variable at a time, the progression of the reaction has been inspected as a function of [OH−], ionic strength, [CTAB], [Ru3+], [Glu], [Fe(CN)63−], and temperature using the pseudo‐first‐order condition. The findings demonstrate that [OH−], [CTAB], and [Glu] are the key parameters that have a discernible impact on reaction rate. In the studied concentration range of Ru(III), [Fe(CN)6]3−, and at lower [Glu] and [OH−], the reaction displays first‐order kinetics. The incremental trend in reaction rate with electrolyte concentration demonstrates a positive salt effect. CTAB substantially catalyzes the process, and after reaching a maximum, the rate remains nearly constant at increased [CTAB]. The observed decline in the CMC of CTAB may be caused by the reduced repulsion between the positively charged heads of the surfactant molecules caused by the negatively charged OH−, and [Fe(CN)6]3−. The activation parameters also support the outer‐sphere electron transfer mechanism as recommended by us.
Smart breeding driven by advances in sequencing technology
Authors: Zhang Chenji , Jiang Sirong , Tian Yangyang , Dong Xiaorui , Xiao Jianjia , Lu Yanjie , Liang Tiyun , Zhou Hongmei , Xu Dabin , Zhang Han , Luo Ming , Xia Zhiqiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCrop breeding has undergone numerous advancements throughout history with the next revolution being uncertain. This review provides an overview of breeding techniques from traditional selective breeding and crossbreeding to modern breeding based on molecular marker‐assisted and genomic selection. Systematic analysis of the mainstream genotyping approaches based on principle, application scenario and supporting software revealed that the changes in genotyping technology have led to an explosion in data. This data expansion will drive a breakthrough in sequencing technology and integrate artificial intelligence with automation. The review also discusses the technological changes associated with breeding during the big data era, including breeding models, genotyping technologies and future intelligent breeding, to provide references for crop breeders. The paper highlights the potential of smart breeding technologies driven by advances in sequencing technology, which will lead to the development of new breeding strategies and accelerate the breeding process.
A method for Kashin‐Beck disease auxiliary diagnosis based on the features in regions of the potential lesion
Authors: Qiao Yongkang , Li Hu , Niu Kai , Wang Lu , Lin Jianhao , He Zhiqiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundKashin‐Beck disease (KBD) is a severe arthropathy that causes deformity. Patients with advanced stages of KBD often show symptoms, such as short stature. Early‐stage diagnosis and treatment can effectively prevent the disease from worsening. Diagnosis of early‐stage patients is usually made by X‐ray examination. However, the time‐consuming image recognition and the lack of professional doctors may delay the patient's condition. Therefore, a method that can efficiently complete the auxiliary diagnosis is necessary.PurposeThis study presents a KBD auxiliary diagnosis method based on radiographs, which uses deep learning to locate potential lesion regions and extract features for accurate diagnosis.MethodsThis work presents a method that relies on hand radiographs to locate eight regions of the potential lesion (RoPL) and finally make the KBD auxiliary diagnosis. The localization of RoPL is achieved through a two‐step model, with the first step predicting a rough location and a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) with attention mechanism used to generate precise center coordinates based on the previous step's results.Based on the localization result, regional features are extracted, which provides information about the joints and textures of RoPL from a finer granularity. Another DCNN is utilized to obtain general features from hand radiographs, which provide morphological and structural information about the entire hand bone These features offer a concatenated feature for categorization to raise accuracy. A doctor‐like approach is adopted to diagnose based on regional features to enhance performance, and a final decision is made using a vote that considers diagnostic outcomes from all aspects.The dataset used in our study was collected by our research team in KBD‐endemic areas of Tibet since 2017, containing 373 diseased and 764 normal images.ResultOur model guarantees that over 95% of the predicted coordinates are within five pixels of the real coordinates according to Euclidean distance. The accuracy of the diagnostic network achieved 91.3%, with precision and recall achieving 83% and 87%, respectively. Compared to the approach without exact localization of the illness region on the same test set, our method achieved a roughly 6% increase in accuracy and nearly 30% increase in recall rate.ConclusionsBased on hand radiographs, this study suggests a novel method for KBD diagnosis. The high‐precision localization network guarantees precise extraction of lesion‐prone regional features, and the multi‐scale features and innovative classification method further enhance model performance compared to related approaches.
Stochastic optimization of three‐dimensional non‐Cartesian sampling trajectory
Authors: Wang Guanhua , Nielsen Jon‐Fredrik , Fessler Jeffrey A. , Noll Douglas C. 
Published: April 2023

PurposeOptimizing three‐dimensional (3D) k‐space sampling trajectories is important for efficient MRI yet presents a challenging computational problem. This work proposes a generalized framework for optimizing 3D non‐Cartesian sampling patterns via data‐driven optimization.MethodsWe built a differentiable simulation model to enable gradient‐based methods for sampling trajectory optimization. The algorithm can simultaneously optimize multiple properties of sampling patterns, including image quality, hardware constraints (maximum slew rate and gradient strength), reduced peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS), and parameter‐weighted contrast. The proposed method can either optimize the gradient waveform (spline‐based freeform optimization) or optimize properties of given sampling trajectories (such as the rotation angle of radial trajectories). Notably, the method can optimize sampling trajectories synergistically with either model‐based or learning‐based reconstruction methods. We proposed several strategies to alleviate the severe nonconvexity and huge computation demand posed by the large scale. The corresponding code is available as an open‐source toolbox.ResultsWe applied the optimized trajectory to multiple applications including structural and functional imaging. In the simulation studies, the image quality of a 3D kooshball trajectory was improved from 0.29 to 0.22 (NRMSE) with Stochastic optimization framework for 3D NOn‐Cartesian samPling trajectorY (SNOPY) optimization. In the prospective studies, by optimizing the rotation angles of a stack‐of‐stars (SOS) trajectory, SNOPY reduced the NRMSE of reconstructed images from 1.19 to 0.97 compared to the best empirical method (RSOS‐GR). Optimizing the gradient waveform of a rotational EPI trajectory improved participants' rating of the PNS from “strong” to “mild.”ConclusionSNOPY provides an efficient data‐driven and optimization‐based method to tailor non‐Cartesian sampling trajectories.
Micafungin pharmacodynamics predict clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with candidemia caused by certain Candida species
Authors: Zaki Ahmed , Gonzales‐Luna Anne J. , Beyda Nicholas D. , Lasco Todd , Garey Kevin W. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStudy ObjectiveEchinocandins are guideline‐preferred therapies for invasive candidiasis (IC). Fixed dosing of echinocandins is commonly used despite variations in body mass index and echinocandin susceptibility. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical outcomes of micafungin based on population‐predicted pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) factors and susceptibility.Design and SettingCandida isolate results were screened from bloodstream or intraabdominal cultures of hospitalized patients admitted to a quaternary‐care teaching hospital. Patients with a first episode of IC who received micafungin for at least 48 h were included. Patients with mixed cultures or Candida species with no minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) differences were excluded. Breakpoints for micafungin MIC and area under the curve (AUC)/MIC ratio were calculated using classification and regression tree (CART) analysis and related to clinical outcomes. Primary efficacy outcome was candida‐contributable mortality, defined as mortality within 28 days of positive culture with concomitant micafungin treatment failure; secondary outcome was micafungin treatment failure within 28 days,Main ResultsSeventy‐two patients were included of whom 15 (21%) had Candida‐contributable mortality and 34 (47%) experienced micafungin treatment failure. C. albicans and C. tropicalis did not have differing MICs and these patients were excluded from the study. Mortality using a CART‐derived MIC breakpoint of ≥1.0 mg/L was 38% compared to 9% in patients infected with lower MIC strains (p = 0.003). Patients with a CART‐derived AUC/MIC value >138.5 had a mortality rate of 9% compared to 41% for patients with AUC/MIC values below the breakpoint (p = 0.0013). Results were similar for treatment failure rates, and both were confirmed using multivariable models.ConclusionsCART‐derived micafungin MIC and AUC/MIC breakpoints predicted patient mortality and treatment failure for certain Candida species. These results support the need for further PK/PD studies to optimize echinocandin dosing and improve patient outcomes.
Registration of ‘Giant’ forage cowpea
Authors: Smith G. R. , Rouquette F. M. , DeLaune P. , Kochan K. , Wheeler T. , Wolff N. C. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract‘Giant’ (Reg. no. CV‐348, PI 701902) is a southern root‐knot nematode (Meloidgyne incognita race 3 and race 4)–resistant forage cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] developed by Texas A&M AgriLife Research at Overton, TX. Giant is intended for use as a warm‐season cover crop, a forage and hay crop, and supplemental browse for white‐tailed deer. Giant is an indeterminate, forage type cowpea that produces biomass from May through September in northeast Texas but also flowers 25 days earlier than ‘Iron & Clay’ cowpea, allowing seed production in northeast Texas before the first average frost date. Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis confirmed the variety mix Iron & Clay as the parental source population for Giant. Forage production of Giant at Overton, TX, in 2019 and 2020 was 5.3 and 6.0 Mg dry matter (DM) ha−1, respectively. Forage production of Giant in 2019 at Prairie and Starkville, MS, was 2.8 and 2.9 Mg DM ha−1, respectively. Protein content of Giant in 2019 at Prairie and Starkville was 21.1 and 21.2%, respectively. Forage production of Giant in 2019 at Chillicothe, TX and Lockett, TX, was 2.6 and 3.6 Mg DM ha−1, respectively. Top growth nitrogen (N) yield of Giant in 2019 at Chillicothe, TX, and Lockett, TX, was 67 and 65 kg N ha−1, respectively. Based on very low nematode reproduction, Giant is rated resistant and partially resistant to southern root‐knot nematode race 3 and race 4, respectively.
Toward High‐Throughput Single‐Spin Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy with Spatially Programmable Laser Illumination
Authors: Cai Mingcheng , Guo Zhongzhi , Li Chunxing , Li Simin , Shi Fazhan , Wang Mengqi , Li Hui , Wang Pengfei , Du Jiangfeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe single nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are shown as a quantum sensor with broad applications in nanoscale sensing of magnetic field, electric field, temperature, and strain. However, the basic technique, namely, optically detected magnetic resonance to manipulate and measure single NV centers needs to be highly sped up for broad and practical applications. Here, this work shows a parallel optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) platform of single NV centers including the programmable excitation laser spots generated by a digital micromirror device, a four‐channel uniform microwave delivery, and the fluorescence detector based on scientific complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor camera. In the viewing field of 26 µm, hundreds of distinguishable fluorescent spots are addressed and 413 NV center spots are recognized. The magnetic resonance spectrum, Rabi oscillation, and spin echo of each NV center spot are measured in parallel. As a result, a preliminary speedup of ≈20‐fold is achieved compared to the confocal‐based ODMR and can be further extended to thousands of folds after updating the digital micromirror device and camera.
Inducing Shifted Edge Modes by the Spin‐Dependent Time‐Periodical Driving and the Corresponding Topological Phase Transitions
Authors: Wang Huan‐Yu , Wu Huai‐Zhi , Zhao Erhai , Wang Ru‐Quan , Wang Xun‐Gao , Liu Wu‐Ming 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTime periodic driving can serve as synthetic gauge fields and plays a key role in simulating dynamical topological materials. The periodically driven systems, where different spins (or sublattices) are engaged in the different dynamical driving processes are investigated. It is demonstrated that spin‐dependent time‐periodical periodic driving can result in shifted topological edge modes with non‐zero (nor ) quasi‐energies. Such shifted topological edge modes are not only related to the spin imbalance at each instantaneous time, but also the details of the dynamical driving. Here, it is also illustrated that the spin‐dependent time‐periodical driving can be conceived as the time‐spin coupling, and similar to the static spatial spin‐orbit coupling, tuning time‐spin coupling parameters can lead to topological phase transitions. Experimental simulations on the spin‐dependent time‐periodic driving are proposed by shaking optical super‐lattices and Raman assisted tunneling.
Robustness of Excitonic Coupling in Ta2NiSe5 Against Electronic Inhomogeneity Introduced by S Substitution for Se
Authors: Hattori Masaki , Tomassucci Giovanni , Hayashi Genki , Okawa Mario , Kopciuszynski Marek , Barinov Alexey , Lu Yangfan , Takagi Hidenori , Saini Naurang L. , Mizokawa Takashi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractElectronic properties of various insulators can be controlled by chemical substitution. For example, exotic superconducting phases are often obtained by chemical substitution in Mott insulators. Compared to Mott insulators, impact of chemical substitution on excitonic insulators is not well explored yet. In the present work, space‐resolved angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy of the model Ta2Ni(Se1‐xSx)5 is reported in which S substitution for Se is used to control the excitonic behavior. The substitution introduces electronic inhomogeneity with the Se 4p/S 3p valence band exhibiting strong position dependence. In contrast, the flat top valence band, which is a signature of the excitonic insulating phase, does not show any appreciable position dependence except the effect of surface corrugation. This indicates that the excitonic coupling in Ta2NiSe5 is robust against the electronic inhomogeneity induced by the S substitution.