bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BMPR2
Mutation and Metabolic Reprogramming in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Cuthbertson Iona , Morrell Nicholas W. , Caruso Paola 
Published: January 2023

Abstract:

Pulmonary arterial hypertension forms the first and most severe of the 5 categories of pulmonary hypertension. Disease pathogenesis is driven by progressive remodeling of peripheral pulmonary arteries, caused by the excessive proliferation of vascular wall cells, including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts, and perivascular inflammation. Compelling evidence from animal models suggests endothelial cell dysfunction is a key initial trigger of pulmonary vascular remodeling, which is characterised by hyperproliferation and early apoptosis followed by enrichment of apoptosis-resistant populations. Dysfunctional pulmonary arterial endothelial cells lose their ability to produce vasodilatory mediators, together leading to augmented pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell responses, increased pulmonary vascular pressures and right ventricular afterload, and progressive right ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure. It is recognized that a range of abnormal cellular molecular signatures underpin the pathophysiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension and are enhanced by loss-of-function mutations in the
BMPR2
gene, the most common genetic cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension and associated with worse disease prognosis. Widespread metabolic abnormalities are observed in the heart, pulmonary vasculature, and systemic tissues, and may underpin heterogeneity in responsivity to treatment. Metabolic abnormalities include hyperglycolytic reprogramming, mitochondrial dysfunction, aberrant polyamine and sphingosine metabolism, reduced insulin sensitivity, and defective iron handling. This review critically discusses published mechanisms linking metabolic abnormalities with dysfunctional BMPR2 (bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2) signaling; hypothesized mechanistic links requiring further validation; and their relevance to pulmonary arterial hypertension pathogenesis and the development of potential therapeutic strategies.
Assessing Brain Tissue Viability on Nonenhanced Computed Tomography After Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Alzahrani Awad , Zhang Xinyu , Albukhari Adel , Wardlaw Joanna M. , Mair Grant 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Treatment for ischemic stroke can be offered beyond conventional time limits for patients with favorable computed tomography perfusion (CTP), but this is not universally available. We sought a threshold for brain attenuation on nonenhanced computed tomography (NECT) to differentiate CTP-defined penumbra vs core, and correlated NECT features with CTP.

Methods:
We retrospectively assessed consecutive patients presenting to King Abdulaziz University Hospital with ischemic stroke (2017–2020), baseline NECT, and a visible defect on concurrent CTP. Using CTP as the reference standard, we measured the attenuation of ischemic and healthy contralateral brain on NECT to produce attenuation ratios (ischemic/normal) for penumbra and core. We used area under the receiver operating characteristic curve to estimate the optimal computed tomography (CT) attenuation ratio for penumbra. Per patient, we qualitatively assessed 8 regions within the affected cerebral hemisphere: on NECT as normal, hypoattenuating (with/out swelling), or isolated swelling and on CTP as normal, penumbra, or core. We sought associations between isolated swelling and penumbra, and between hypoattenuation and core.

Results:

We include 142 patients (86 male), mean age 61±14 years. Median 261 minutes (interquartile range, 173–382) to NECT. We measured 206 ischemic lesions (124 penumbra, 82 core). Optimal CT attenuation ratio for identifying penumbra was >0.87, with 86% sensitivity 91% specificity (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.92–0.98];
P
<0.0001). We qualitatively assessed 976 cerebral regions (72 isolated swelling, 254 hypoattenuation). On NECT, isolated swelling usually corresponded to CTP penumbra (70/72, 97%), whereas visible NECT hypoattenuation was found with core (141/254, 56%) and penumbra (109/254, 43%). CTP core lesions were rarely normal on NECT (13/155, 8%).

Conclusions:
After ischemic stroke, brain tissue viability can be assessed using NECT. Isolated swelling is highly specific to penumbra. Visible hypoattenuation does not always represent core, nearly half of such lesions were penumbral on concurrent CTP and can be differentiated by measuring lesion attenuation.
Landmark-dependent Navigation Strategy Declines across the Human Life-Span: Evidence from Over 37,000 Participants
Authors: West Greg L. , Patai Zita Eva , Coutrot Antoine , Hornberger Michael , Bohbot Véronique D. , Spiers Hugo J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Humans show a remarkable capacity to navigate various environments using different navigation strategies, and we know that strategy changes across the life span. However, this observation has been based on studies of small sample sizes. To this end, we used a mobile app–based video game (Sea Hero Quest) to test virtual navigation strategies and memory performance within a distinct radial arm maze level in over 37,000 participants. Players were presented with six pathways (three open and three closed) and were required to navigate to the three open pathways to collect a target. Next, all six pathways were made available and the player was required to visit the pathways that were previously unavailable. Both reference memory and working memory errors were calculated. Crucially, at the end of the level, the player was asked a multiple-choice question about how they found the targets (i.e., a counting-dependent strategy vs. a landmark-dependent strategy). As predicted from previous laboratory studies, we found the use of landmarks declined linearly with age. Those using landmark-based strategies also performed better on reference memory than those using a counting-based strategy. These results extend previous observations in the laboratory showing a decreased use of landmark-dependent strategies with age.
Mapping the use of Google Scholar in evaluative bibliometric or scientometric studies: A bibliometric review
Authors: Pereira Fabiana Andrade , Mugnaini Rogério 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Google Scholar (GS) has aroused a good deal of interest among the bibliometric and scientometric community, owing to its capacity for gathering publication data, tracking citations, and creating metrics. This has led to reflections on its potential value as a means of enhancing evaluative procedures. However, despite being a useful tool because of its wide coverage, it has been monitored by specialists. For this reason, we aimed to map out the publications in the areas of Information Science & Library Science and/or Computer Science that make use of GS through a bibliometric review. Comprising data retrieved from the WoS and Dimensions, the results drew the attention of the bibliometric and scientometric community to the range of research problems in studies using GS. They also made it possible to identify the most prolific countries and authors and their preferred sources for publication. The presence of non-Anglophone countries and those from Latin America highlights the importance of alternative information sources to bibliometric and scientometric studies.
Bayesian history of science: The case of Watson and Crick and the structure of DNA
Authors: Small Henry 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA naïve Bayes approach to theory confirmation is used to compute the posterior probabilities for a series of four models of DNA considered by James Watson and Francis Crick in the early 1950s using multiple forms of evidence considered relevant at the time. Conditional probabilities for the evidence given each model are estimated from historical sources and manually assigned using a scale of five probabilities ranging from strongly consistent to strongly inconsistent. Alternative or competing theories are defined for each model based on preceding models in the series. Prior probabilities are also set based on the posterior probabilities of these earlier models. A dramatic increase in posterior probability is seen for the final double helix model compared to earlier models in the series, which is interpreted as a form of “Bayesian surprise” leading to the sense that a “discovery” was made. Implications for theory choice in the history of science are discussed.
Matter of Opinion: Assessing the Role of Individual Judicial Opinions at the International Criminal Court
Authors: Wigard Kyra 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This article takes a closer look at the individual opinions of judges at the International Criminal Court (icc). The issuance of separate opinions is one of the most effective ways to investigate individual judicial behaviour, because a judge will only issue opinions if in her/his estimation the benefits outweigh the costs. The number of opinions a judge issues is an important measurement as is their timing. Building on an original dataset, the article identifies patterns by uncovering the predominant issuers, the cases and trial phases where individual opinions are most frequently issued, the dominant topics, and developments over time. Using a probabilistic topic modelling approach, this article suggests that opinions are a common way for several icc judges to engage in judicial politics about several topics with limited judicial restraint and finds that a small group of judges is most avid in using opinions as a judicial tool.
Favor Reparationis in Environmental Criminal Law
Authors: Bernasconi Costanza 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The most recent guidelines of criminal policy at the European Union level pay particular attention to enhancing the forms of reparation for harm caused to interests as a result of a crime. Environmental criminal law is not immune to this trend and, on the contrary, it seems to offer a fertile ground for analysing the multiple ways in which remedial conduct may assume relevance in the various phases of the punitive process. This paper therefore aims to carry out a survey of the different models of interaction between favor reparationis and criminal liability for environmental crimes provided for under Italian law, within the framework of supranational guidelines.
Friendship, Humility, and the Complicated Morality of E. B. White’s Charlotte’s Web
Authors: Boonpromkul Phacharawan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Charlotte’s Web (1952) by E. B. White is a classic children’s book praised for the memorable friendship between its two protagonists. This article explores the problematic bond that results from Wilbur’s greater demand on Charlotte and Charlotte’s act of devotion. It also examines the moral value of humility, from the word “humble” which Charlotte weaves to praise Wilbur, which can be questionable as it is intertwined with innocence or ignorance, and better suits Charlotte who is reticent of her accomplishment. That she must pass on without recognition casts doubt on the author’s presentation of friendship and the said moral value. Looking beyond White’s fictional work, it is not surprising to discover his lack of respect for traditional morality. Even so, the article finds that White does offer certain moral guidance to his young readers, but it is far from straightforward due to his frequent employment of evasion, humor, and irony.
The Dynamics of Kha Phra Kaeo Identity in the Context of Thai-Lao History and Politics
Authors: Bangperng Kiattisak 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This research reports on findings from an ethnographic study on the Kha Phra Kaeo ethnicity to uncover its formation and to analyze its dynamics and cultural negotiations in the context of Thai-Lao history and politics. The ethnonym Kha Phra Kaeo designates an ethnic group descended from the Bru, with a consistent cultural structure, language and belief system. They were first perceived as an ethnic group due to events connected to the possession of a contested Buddha image called Phra Kaeo Phaluek Mok. They are seen as more distinctly Kha Phra Kaeo than the Bru, to whom they were related. Due to state power and political changes in Laos, The Kha Phra Kaeo underwent cultural assimilation and formed a distinct cultural group based on their legends and ritual reproductions, which are related to the Buddha image, to emphasize the group’s historical significance and to negotiate a higher place for the group within the Lao social hierarchy. The Kha Phra Kaeo people have the ability to adapt to changes while constructing a distinct ethnic and cultural identity.
Empathic Accuracy Task: Indian Adaptation and Validation
Authors: Sinha Preeti , Mehta Urvakhsh M. , S.N. Anuradha , Srivastava Prerna 
Published: January 2023

Background: The Empathic Accuracy Task (EAT) is an objective measure to assess empathic accuracy. Due to the variability in the number and linked emotions of the narrated events, we adapted EAT for the Indian sociocultural setting as Indian EAT (I-EAT). Methods: Eight videos were adapted in three languages (English, Hindi, and Kannada), narrating emotional events with a uniform representation of age groups, different emotions, and sex. The adapted I-EAT was then validated by cross-sectional comparison with different tests similar to EAT and those that assessed concepts different from or similar to empathy, in 29 healthy young adults, 23 healthy older adults (aged ≥60 years) along with clinical groups of 15 young people with depression, 15 older people with depression, and 15 young people with schizophrenia. Results: We selected eight videos with good content validity and internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.73. We obtained satisfactory concurrent validity of the EAT scores with the self-reported empathic assessments using the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (Cognitive empathy score = 0.29, p = .034; Total score = 0.29, p = .035) and Interpersonal Reactivity Index (Empathic concern score = 0.45, p = .001). Good divergent validity was revealed in the high inverse correlation recorded with the Apathy Evaluation Scale ( = –0.67, p < .001). I-EAT did not correlate significantly with measures of social cognition. Known-groups validity was adequate in young adults with the significantly lower EAT scores (Cohen’s d: 0.77 to 1.15) in the Schizophrenia group and higher EAT-N scores (Cohen’s d: 0.51) in the Depression group, compared to the Healthy group. The Healthy group of the geriatric population also achieved significantly higher EAT scores (Cohen’s d: 0.71 to 0.85) than the Depression group. Conclusion: With a good validity and internal consistency, I-EAT can be used in the Indian population to assess empathic accuracy without compromising performance of the original EAT.
The Family as a Life-Saver in Disaster
Authors: Clason Christine 
Published: January 2023

In discussing the subject of “Family and Disaster” the implicit assumption is that the family is the ‘instrument’ which supports the existing, societal organization and therefore the most common approach is to consider how families cope with disaster. There is confusion as to whether one is speaking about the family on an institutional level or about family units. In this paper we have tried to answer two questions: are individuals better able to cope with disaster on a large scale when living in families(units); does the individualized conjugal family unit with clear-cut divisions of labour and roles offer better chances than other family types? To explore these questions we used the situation in Japanese camps for civilians during World War II. We reach the conclusion that it is not living in family units which gives a better chance of survival, but the ability to engage in a caring relation with other(s). The ability to adapt to changing situations, without losing one's self control and a ‘fighting’ spirit seem to be very important in order to survive. The conjugal family type prepares women much better in all respects than men.
Dilemmas and Opportunities of International Collective Behavior/Social Movements Research: A Case Study
Authors: Wood James L. , Wood Patricia A. 
Published: January 2023

There is a national focus to much collective behavior/social movements research. However, when the investigation takes place in a foreign country, certain dilemmas-and opportunities-may arise. Three sets of dilemmas and opportunities in relation to conducting research on social movements abroad are explored: 1. the decision to describe the movement, or test a general hypothesis about social movements; 2. the decision to study the social movement at one point in time, or to study it over a longer time periods 3. the decision to use observational methods, or survey research methods. The way research goals can be modified according to the practical constraints encountered is illustrated by a case study of Britain's Nuclear Diearmament Movement, with particular focus on the Peace Camps such as Greenhorn Common and CND (Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament). The peace camps represented a new form of social protest. Although the Greenhorn Common camp had received coverage in the media, almost no information was available concerning the 14 or so other camps. Practical constraints and situational factors are discussed which influenced the investigation of the peace camps to become a descriptive, observational study within a shorter time frame. Yet contrasting experience with a study of CND illustrates circumstances favoring at least some hypothesis testing even within a shorter time period. Finally, a possible middle ground between description and hypothesis testing is suggested, whereby descriptive data are collected within a specific theoretical framework.
The efficacy of induction treatment in Thai patients with lupus nephritis: Observational cohort analysis
Authors: Pichaiwong Warangkana , Lawanaskol Suppachai , Phinyo Phichayut , Kitumnuaypong Tasanee 
Published: January 2023

Background For active proliferative lupus nephritis (LN), intravenous cyclophosphamide (IVCYC) is a standard therapy whereby mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is less effective than IVCYC, according to the clinical trials in non-Asians. In this observational study, the clinical outcomes will be compared among Thai patients. Methods We had analyzed 93 adult patients who underwent a renal biopsy for active proliferative LN confirmation between January 2013 and June 2021. The assessment of the response outcomes compared the induction treatment of IVCYC versus MMF. The primary endpoint had achieved complete remission (CR) at 24 weeks, while the secondary endpoint is overall remission (OR) and urine protein creatinine ratio (UPCR) changed over time. Results 93 LN patients were separated into two groups; 40 in IVCYC and 53 in MMF. In the 24th week, based on unadjusted analysis, patient had achieved CR 20.0% of IVCYC, whereas 28.3% of MMF had achieved CR. Unadjusted CR Risk difference was −0.08 (95% CI −0.26, −0.09, p-value = 0.351) and the adjusted CR risk difference was −0.19 (95% CI −0.42, 0.04, p-value = 0.098). The unadjusted OR risk difference was −0.06 (95% CI −0.26, 0.14, p-value = 0.553) while adjusted OR risk difference was −0.24 (95% CI −0.50, 0.02, p-value = 0.067). Unadjusted UPCR mean was −0.29 (95% CI −0.77, 0.17, p-value = 0.210) and adjusted UPCR mean was −0.27 (95% CI −0.88, 0.32, p-value = 0.366). Conclusions The induction treatment with either IVCYC or MMF had similar efficacy in Thai LN patients. The decision of treatment should be taken by applying an individualized therapeutic strategy and balancing risks, costs, and benefits.
An evaluation of clinical psychology input into burns multidisciplinary follow-up clinics
Authors: Potter Melissa , Aaron David , Mumford Rachel , Ward Lucy 
Published: January 2023

Introduction Research highlights the complex psychological needs that patients and their families can face following a burn injury, regardless of the objective severity of the injury and often beyond the timeframe of physical healing. Identification of psychological needs at different stages post-burn recovery is therefore a key role of clinical psychologists working in burn care services. Method This paper presents audit data collected across a two-year period in routine paediatric and adult multidisciplinary team follow-up clinics in a UK burns service. 808 clinical contacts (331 adults, 477 paediatrics) were recorded. Data gathered related to the identification of patient and/or family psychological need and the level of psychology input within clinic. Results For 43% of adult patients and 46% of paediatric patients seen in clinic, some degree of psychological need for the patient and/or family was identified during the consultation. A large majority of concerns related directly to the burn injury. This is consistent with previous research into the psychological impact of burns. Even for patients with no identified psychological needs, psychology presence enabled the opportunity for brief screening, preventative advice or signposting to take place during clinic. Discussion A substantial number of individuals and families presented with some level of psychological concern in relation to a burn injury when attending burns multidisciplinary team follow-up clinics. Conclusion A substantial number of patients and families presented with psychological needs in relation to a burn injury when attending burns MDT follow-up clinics. The presence of Clinical Psychologists at burns MDT follow-up clinics is beneficial for the identification of burns and non-burns related psychological concerns and is a valuable use of psychological resources within a burns service. Lay Summary The Regional Burns Centre holds regular outpatient scar clinics to monitor recovery and healing. As well as the medical professionals, the clinics are joined by Clinical Psychologists who can assess, refer, and support individuals struggling with their burn or scarring on a mental level. Over 15 months, data was collected about patients attending the clinics and the involvement of the psychologists. 43% of adult patients and 46% of paediatric patients were identified as having some psychological need, either related to their burn or to other aspects of their life. This demonstrates the benefits of having psychology presence within scar clinics, as nearly half of the patients seen in clinic received an assessment and further support (such as signposting and referrals to psychological support). Burns staff also felt that psychology presence enhanced conversations and increased collaboration with decision making around treatment.