bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RESPIRATION-RELATED VARIATIONS IN CENTRAL VENOUS PRESSURE AS PREDICTORS OF FLUID RESPONSIVENESS IN SPONTANEOUSLY BREATHING PATIENTS
Authors: Bourel Claire , Durand Arthur , Ter Schiphorst Benoit , Martin Claire , Onimus Thierry , De Jonckheere Julien , Howsam Michael , Pierre Alexandre , Favory Raphael , Preau Sebastien 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective: The hemodynamic parameters used to accurately predict fluid responsiveness (FR) in spontaneously breathing patients (SB) require specific material and expertise. Measurements of the central venous pressure (CVP) are relatively simple and, importantly, are feasible in many critically ill patients. We analyzed the accuracy of respiration-related variations in CVP (vCVP) to predict FR in SB patients and examined the optimization of its measurement using a standardized, deep inspiratory maneuver. Patients and Methods: We performed a monocentric, prospective, diagnostic evaluation. Spontaneously breathing patients in intensive care units with a central venous catheter were prospectively included. The vCVP was measured while the patient was spontaneously breathing, both with (vCVP-st) and without (vCVP-ns) a standardized inspiratory maneuver, and calculated as: Minimum inspiratory v-wave peak pressure − Maximum expiratory v-wave peak pressure. A passive leg raising-induced increase in the left ventricular outflow tract velocity-time integral ≥10% defined FR. Results: Among 63 patients, 38 (60.3%) presented FR. The vCVP-ns was not significantly different between responders and nonresponders (−4.9 mm Hg [−7.5 to −3.1] vs. −4.1 mm Hg [−5.4 to 2.8], respectively; P = 0.15). The vCVP-st was lower in responders than nonresponders (−9.7 mm Hg [−13.9 to −6.2] vs. −3.6 mm Hg [−10.6 to −1.6], respectively; P = 0.004). A vCVP-st < −4.7 mm Hg predicted FR with 89.5% sensitivity, a specificity of 56.0%, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.72 (95% CI, 0.58 to 0.86) (P = 0.004). Conclusion: When a central venous catheter is present, elevated values for vCVP-st may be useful to identify spontaneously breathing patients unresponsive to volume expansion. Nevertheless, the necessity of performing a standardized, deep-inspiration maneuver may limit its clinical application.
Evaluation of CYFRA 21-1, Angiopoetin-2, Pentraxin-3, sRAGE, IL-6 and IL-10 in polytraumatized patients with concomitant thoracic trauma - helpful markers to predict pneumonia?
Authors: Vollrath Jan Tilmann , Schindler Cora Rebecca , Herrmann Eva , Verboket René D. , Henrich Dirk , Marzi Ingo , Störmann Philipp 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Pneumonia is a frequent complication after polytrauma. This study aims to evaluate the ability of different serum markers to identify patients at risk of developing pneumonia after polytrauma.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data in polytraumatized patients with concomitant thoracic trauma (ISS ≥16, AISThorax ≥ 3) was performed. The study cohort was divided into patients with and without pneumonia during the clinical course. Serum levels of lung epithelial (CYFRA 21-1), endothelial (Ang-2) and inflammatory (PTX-3, sRAGE, IL-6, IL-10) markers were measured upon arrival in the trauma room and on days two and five.

Results
A total of 73 patients and 16 healthy controls were included in this study. Of these, 20 patients (27.4%) developed pneumonia. Polytraumatized patients showed significantly increased CYFRA 21-1 levels with a distinct peak after admission compared to healthy controls. Serum PTX-3 significantly increased on day two in polytraumatized patients compared to healthy controls. ISS and demographic parameters were comparable between both groups (pneumonia vs. no pneumonia). No statistically significant difference could be observed for serum levels of CYFRA 21-1, Ang-2, PTX-3, sRAGE, IL-6 and IL-10 between the groups (pneumonia vs. no pneumonia) on all days. Logistic regression revealed a combination of IL-6, IL-10, sRAGE and PTX-3 to be eventually helpful to identify patients at risk of developing pneumonia and our newly developed score was significantly higher on day 0 in patients developing pneumonia (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
The investigated serum markers alone are not helpful to identify polytraumatized patients at risk of developing pneumonia, whilst a combination of IL-6, IL-10, PTX-3 and sRAGE might be.
Predicting Cirrhosis and Poor Outcomes of Bile Drainage Surgery for Biliary Atresia
Authors: Tomita Hirofumi , Shimojima Naoki , Sasaki Hideyuki , Shimotakahara Akihiro , Yamada Yohei , Kuroda Tatsuo , Nio Masaki , Hirobe Seiichi 
Published: August 2023

Objective:
To identify patients with biliary atresia (BA) with extremely poor outcomes of bile drainage surgery using the infant BA liver fibrosis (iBALF) score, a liver fibrosis marker based on standard blood analysis.

Summary Background Data:
Although primary liver transplantation (LTx) is beginning to be considered as an alternative to bile drainage surgery in patients with BA, those most likely to benefit from this procedure have not yet been identified.

Methods:
The medical records of 380 patients with BA with bile drainage surgery between 2015 and 2019 were collected for retrospective analysis from 60 participating hospitals. To predict native liver survival at age 1 year, a receiver-operating characteristic curve was drawn for the iBALF score. The cutoff value was determined as the point indicating >99% sensitivity.

Results:
The median age at surgery was 56 days (range: 4–183 d), and native liver survival at age 1 year was achieved in 258 (67.9%) patients. An iBALF score of 5.27 was chosen as the cutoff, and 18 patients (4.7%) were found to have an iBALF score >5.27; of these, only two (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4–34.7%) had native liver survival at age 1 year, indicating a significantly poorer outcome than in the other patients (95% CI: 65.7–75.4%). Moreover, patients with an iBALF score >5.27 had significantly higher mortality and younger age at salvage LTx.

Conclusions:
Patients with BA having a preoperative iBALF score >5.27 had extremely poor outcomes of bile drainage surgery and may be considered as candidates for primary LTx.
Multisensory decisions from self to world
Authors: Zaidel Adam , Salomon Roy 
Published: August 2023

Classic Bayesian models of perceptual inference describe how an ideal observer would integrate ‘unisensory’ measurements (multisensory integration) and attribute sensory signals to their origin(s) (causal inference). However, in the brain, sensory signals are always received in the context of a multisensory bodily state—namely, in combination with other senses. Moreover, sensory signals from both interoceptive sensing of one's own body and exteroceptive sensing of the world are highly interdependent and never occur in isolation. Thus, the observer must fundamentally determine whether each sensory observation is from an external (versus internal, self-generated) source to even be considered for integration. Critically, solving this primary causal inference problem requires knowledge of multisensory and sensorimotor dependencies. Thus, multisensory processing is needed to separate sensory signals. These multisensory processes enable us to simultaneously form a sense of self and form distinct perceptual decisions about the external world. In this opinion paper, we review and discuss the similarities and distinctions between multisensory decisions underlying the sense of self and those directed at acquiring information about the world. We call attention to the fact that heterogeneous multisensory processes take place all along the neural hierarchy (even in forming ‘unisensory’ observations) and argue that more integration of these aspects, in theory and experiment, is required to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of multisensory brain function.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Decision and control processes in multisensory perception’.
Crossmodal visual predictions elicit spatially specific early visual cortex activity but later than real visual stimuli
Authors: Stange Liesa , Ossandón José P. , Röder Brigitte 
Published: August 2023

Previous studies have indicated that crossmodal visual predictions are instrumental in controlling early visual cortex activity. The exact time course and spatial precision of such crossmodal top-down influences on the visual cortex have been unknown. In the present study, participants were exposed to audiovisual combinations comprising one of two sounds and a Gabor patch either in the top left or in the bottom right visual field. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded to these frequent crossmodal combinations (standards) as well as to trials in which the visual stimulus was omitted (omissions) or the visual and auditory stimuli were recombined (deviants). Standards and deviants elicited an ERP between 50 and 100 ms of opposite polarity known as the C1 effect commonly associated with retinotopic processing in early visual cortex. By contrast, a C1 effect was not observed in omission trials. Spatially specific omission and mismatch effects (deviants minus standards) started only later with a latency of 230 ms and 170 ms, respectively. These results suggest that crossmodal visual predictions control visual cortex activity in a spatially specific manner. However, visual predictions do not modulate visual cortex activity with the same timing as visual stimulation activates these areas but rather seem to involve distinct neural mechanisms.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Decision and control processes in multisensory perception’.
Multisensory interactions of face and vocal information during perception and memory in ventrolateral prefrontal cortex
Authors: Romanski Lizabeth M. , Sharma Keshov K. 
Published: August 2023

The ventral frontal lobe is a critical node in the circuit that underlies communication, a multisensory process where sensory features of faces and vocalizations come together. The neural basis of face and vocal integration is a topic of great importance since the integration of multiple sensory signals is essential for the decisions that govern our social interactions. Investigations have shown that the macaque ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), a proposed homologue of the human inferior frontal gyrus, is involved in the processing, integration and remembering of audiovisual signals. Single neurons in VLPFC encode and integrate species-specific faces and corresponding vocalizations. During working memory, VLPFC neurons maintain face and vocal information online and exhibit selective activity for face and vocal stimuli. Population analyses indicate that identity, a critical feature of social stimuli, is encoded by VLPFC neurons and dictates the structure of dynamic population activity in the VLPFC during the perception of vocalizations and their corresponding facial expressions. These studies suggest that VLPFC may play a primary role in integrating face and vocal stimuli with contextual information, in order to support decision making during social communication.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Decision and control processes in multisensory perception’.
Metacognitive awareness in the sound-induced flash illusion
Authors: Maynes Randolph , Faulkner Ryan , Callahan Grace , Mims Callie E. , Ranjan Saurabh , Stalzer Justine , Odegaard Brian 
Published: August 2023

Hundreds (if not thousands) of multisensory studies provide evidence that the human brain can integrate temporally and spatially discrepant stimuli from distinct modalities into a singular event. This process of multisensory integration is usually portrayed in the scientific literature as contributing to our integrated, coherent perceptual reality. However, missing from this account is an answer to a simple question: how do confidence judgements compare between multisensory information that is integrated across multiple sources, and multisensory information that comes from a single, congruent source in the environment? In this paper, we use the sound-induced flash illusion to investigate if confidence judgements are similar across multisensory conditions when the numbers of auditory and visual events are the same, and the numbers of auditory and visual events are different. Results showed that congruent audiovisual stimuli produced higher confidence than incongruent audiovisual stimuli, even when the perceptual report was matched across the two conditions. Integrating these behavioural findings with recent neuroimaging and theoretical work, we discuss the role that prefrontal cortex may play in metacognition, multisensory causal inference and sensory source monitoring in general.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Decision and control processes in multisensory perception’.
Device-measured physical activity type, posture, and cardiometabolic health markers: pooled dose-response associations from the ProPASS Consortium
Authors: Ahmadi Matthew N. , Blodgett Joanna M , Atkin Andrew J , Chan Hsiu-Wen , del Pozo Cruz Borja , Suorsa Kristin , Bakker Esmee A , Pulsford Richard M , Mielke Gregore I , Johansson Peter J. , Hettiarachchi Pasan , Thijssen Dick H.J. , Stenholm Sari , Mishra Gita D , Teixeira-Pinot Armando , Rangul Vegar , Sherar Lauren B , Ekelund Ulf , Hughes Alun D. , Lee I-Min ,   ProPASS collaboration, Holtermann Andreas , Koster Annemarie , Hamer Mark , Stamatakis Emmanuel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAims/hypothesisTo examine the dose-response associations between device-measured physical activity types and posture (sitting and standing time) with cardiometabolic health.MethodsAn individual participant harmonised meta-analysis of 12,095 adults (mean age±SD= 54.5±9.6 years; Female=54.8%) from 6 cohorts with thigh-worn accelerometry. Associations of average daily duration of walking, stair climbing, running, standing and sitting with composite cardiometabolic health score (based on standardised z-scores) and individual cardiometabolic markers (body mass index, waist circumference, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glycated haemoglobin, and total cholesterol) were examined cross-sectionally using generalised linear modelling and cubic splines.ResultsWe observed more favourable composite cardiometabolic health (i.e. z-score <0) at approximately 64 minutes/day walking (z-score [95%CI] = -0.14 [-0.25, - 0.02]) and 5 minutes/day stair climbing (-0.14 [-0.24, -0.03]). We observed an equivalent magnitude of association at 2.6 hours/day standing. Any amount of running was associated with better composite cardiometabolic health. We did not observe an upper limit to the magnitude of the dose-response associations for any activity type or standing. There was an inverse dose-response association between sitting time and composite cardiometabolic health that became markedly less favourable when daily durations exceeded 12.1 hours/day. Associations for sitting time were no longer significant after excluding participants with prevalent cardiovascular disease or medication use. The dose-response pattern was generally consistent between activity and posture types and individual cardiometabolic health markers.Conclusions/interpretationIn the first activity-type specific analysis of device-based physical activity, ∼64 minutes/day of walking and ∼5.0 minutes/day of stair climbing, was associated with a favourable cardiometabolic risk profile. The deleterious associations of sitting time were fully attenuated after exclusion of participants with prevalent cardiovascular disease and medication use. Our findings on cardiometabolic health and durations in different activity-types and posture may inform clinicians and future interventions to provide personalised prescription options.
Exploration of Short-range Neonatal Seizure Forecasting with Quantitative EEG Based Deep Learning
Authors: Kim Jonathan , Glass Hannah C , Amorim Edilberto , Rao Vikram R , Bernardo Danilo 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn this study, we utilize robust feature selection of quantitative encephalography (QEEG) features for inclusion into a deep learning (DL) model for short-range forecasting of neonatal seizure risk.MethodsWe used publicly available EEG seizure datasets with a total of 132 neonates. The Boruta algorithm with Shapley values was used for QEEG feature selection into a convolutional long short-term memory (ConvLSTM) DL model to classify preictal versus interictal states. ConvLSTM was trained and evaluated with 10-fold cross-validation. Performance was evaluated with varying seizure prediction horizons (SPH) and seizure occurrence periods (SOP).ResultsBoruta with Shapley values identified statistical moments, spectral power distributions, and RQA features as robust predictors of preictal states. ConvLSTM performed best with SPH 3 min and SOP 7 min, demonstrating 80% sensitivity with 36% of time spent in false alarm, AUROC of 0.80, and AUPRC of 0.23. The model demonstrated ECE of 0.106, consistent with moderate calibration. Evaluation of forecasting skill with BSS under varying SPH demonstrated a peak BSS of 0.056 and a trend for decreasing BSS with increasing SPH.ConclusionStatistical moments, spectral power, and recurrence quantitative analysis are predictive of the preictal state. Short-range neonatal seizure forecasting is feasible with DL models utilizing these features.
Protein aggregation of DISC1, as assayed by insolubility, varies across the brain of an individual with schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Samardžija Bobana , Renner Éva , Palkovits Miklós , Bradshaw Nicholas J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveSubgroups of mental illness patients have been seen to display disturbed proteostasis, with specific proteins aggregating in their brain, which is generally determined by assaying protein insolubility in thepost mortemsamples. Such studies typically only look at one region of the brain, and therefore we aimed to determine the distribution of protein across a single brain, using this insolubility-based approach.MethodsWe looked at 20 postmortemtissue samples from across the brain of a single patient, with schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease, determined which protein(s) aggregated in his brain relative to controls, based on purification of insoluble protein fractions. The individual samples were then similarly analysed.ResultsDisrupted in Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) protein was seen to be insoluble in the patient’s brain, however in a very heterogenous picture, with differences in insoluble DISC1 even between samples of the same region, but opposite hemispheres.ConclusionsWhile caution must be taken in extrapolating from a single individual, this raises the possibility that aggregates of DISC1 may spread throughout the brain, as is the case for proteins in neurodegenerative disorders, and suggests that current studies looking at single brain regions may be underestimating the prevalence of protein aggregates in schizophrenia.
The effect of conflict on medical facilities in Mariupol, Ukraine: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Poole Danielle N. , Andersen Daniel , Raymond Nathaniel A. , Parham Jack , Howarth Caitlin , Hathaway Oona A. , Khoshnood Kaveh ,   Yale Humanitarian Research Lab
Published: August 2023

AbstractMedical facilities are civilian objects specially protected by international humanitarian law. Despite the need for systematic documentation of the effects of war on medical facilities for judiciary accountability, current methods for surveilling damage to protected civilian objects during ongoing armed conflict are insufficient. Satellite imagery damage assessment confers significant possibilities for investigating patterns of war. We leveraged commercially and publicly available satellite imagery and geolocated facility data to conduct a pre-post quasi-experimental study of damage to medical infrastructure in Mariupol, Ukraine as a result of Russia’s invasion. We found that 77% of medical facilities in Mariupol sustained damage during Russia’s siege lasting from February 24 - May 20, 2022. Facility size was not associated with damage, suggesting that attacks on medical facilities are not a residual of physical infrastructure characteristics. This is the first geographically comprehensive pre-post study of the effects of an ongoing conflict on specially protected medical infrastructure.
The post-COVID-19 population has a high prevalence of crossreactive antibodies to spikes from allOrthocoronavirinaegenera
Authors: Singh Gagandeep , Abbad Anass , Kleiner Giulio , Srivastava Komal , Gleason Charles ,   PARIS Study Group, Carreño Juan Manuel , Simon Viviana , Krammer Florian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Orthocoronaviridae subfamily is large comprising four highly divergent genera. Four seasonal coronaviruses were circulating in humans prior to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Infection with these viruses induced antibody responses that are relatively narrow with little cross-reactivity to spike proteins of other coronaviruses. Here, we report that infection with and vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces broadly crossreactive binding antibodies to spikes from a wide range of coronaviruses including members of the sarbecovirus subgenus, betacoronaviruses including Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS CoV), and extending to alpha-, gamma- and delta-coronavirus spikes. These data show that the coronavirus spike antibody landscape in humans has profoundly been changed and broadened as a result of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. While we do not understand the functionality of these crossreactive antibodies, they may lead to enhanced resistance of the population to infection with newly emerging coronaviruses with pandemic potential.