bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability and validity study of the Chinese version of the Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome Scale in patients with cerebellar injury
Authors: Guo Jing , Zhang Yi , Chen Lu , Wang Chaolan , Yuan Xiaofang , Xie Fan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
To preliminarily investigate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome Scale (CCAS scale) in the cerebellar injury population. In this study, 40 patients with cerebellar injury and 39 normal individuals hospitalized in a stroke center were assessed using the Chinese version of the CCAS scale A, MMSE, and PHQ2, and the results were analyzed using content validity, structural validity, internal consistency, inter-rater agreement, and retest reliability.
RESULTS: The correlation coefficients of semantic fluency, phonemic fluency, category switching, digit span forward, digit span backward, cube, verbal recall, similarities and Go No-Go subscores in the Chinese version of the CCAS scale A were 0.586-0.831 (P≤0.05) with the total score, but there was no significant correlation between the affect and the total score (P=0.110). the total cognitive score of the Chinese version of the CCAS scale A was correlated with the(r=0.807, P≤0.01), and the total score of the Chinese version of the CCAS scale A affect was correlated with the total score of PHQ2 (r=0.884, P≤0.01). The 2 factors were extracted using principal component analysis, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was59.633%. The factor loadings of each of the corresponding factors were > 0.5, indicating good structural validity of the Chinese version of the CCAS scale A. Cronbach α=0.827 indicated good internal consistency, and inter-rater reliability (ICC>0.95) and retest reliability (ICC=0.717-0.895) indicated that the Chinese version of the CCAS scale A had good inter-rater reliability and retest reliability.
Conclusion: The Chinese version of the CCAS scale A has good reliability and validity in the cerebellar injury population and is useful for screening cerebellar cognitive-emotional syndrome.
Disambiguator for Hindi negation : A rule based approach
Authors: Pathak Madhu Priya 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A word, phrase, or sentence is ambiguous if it has more than one meaning. Ambiguity resolution has always been the most important testing ground in linguistics for parsing models. Ambiguity arises due to negation in Hindi. There are three negative particles in Hindi ‘na, nəhīn and mət’. In machine translation of negative particles are not appropriate and correct, this is because sometimes negation also use in positive senses. Sometimes ‘mət’ is translated as ‘view’ because ‘mət’ has two meanings- 1.Negation 2. View and opinion. ‘na’ is translated as negation but sometimes it is positive particle use for emphasis and tag question. Thus handling Hindi negations become challenges for natural language processing. In this research paper, I proposed a computational framework for disambiguation of ‘na, nahi, and mət’ which is based on rule based approach.
The lecturer-tutor in undergraduate medical education; navigating complexity as “a recruiter, a timetabler, an administrator, a counsellor”
Authors: O’Connor Enda , Doyle Evin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Introduction
The importance of undergraduate medical education (UGME) tutors is highlighted in validated clinical environment evaluation tools and by the World Federation for Medical Education. These roles commonly involve competing clinical, educational and research commitments. We sought to obtain a rich description of these posts from doctors working in them.
Methods
We used a pragmatist, sequential explanatory mixed-methods design with a sampling frame of clinical lecturer/tutors in 5 Irish medical schools. Purposive sampling and third party participant contact were used for recruitment. Quantitative data collected from an online survey were used to inform a semi-structured interview question guide. Thematic analysis was conducted independently by both researchers. Quantitative and qualitative mixing occurred during data collection and data reporting.
Findings
34 tutors completed the online survey with 7 volunteers for interview. Most (27; 79.4%) took the job to gain experience in educational practice. Major themes to emerge were the diverse interactions with students, balancing multiple identities, role-autonomy, perception by non-tutor colleagues, work-life balance and unpredictable work demands. Using a complexity theory lens, the tutor was defined by their relational interactions with numerous stakeholders, all in the context of an environment that changed regularly and in an unpredictable manner. We propose a complexity theory framework to improve tutor-led UGME.
Conclusions
The undergraduate tutor works within a complex adaptive system. An understanding of the system interactions recognises the non-linearity of the role but also acknowledges how the tutor can facilitate “co-evolution” and “emergence” within the system, thereby reducing role conflict, and improving educational delivery.
Comparative evaluation of homogeneous charge compression ignition and early pilot modes in a waste plastic pyrolysis –diesel dual fuel engine
Authors: R Jyothu Naik. , K Thirupathi Reddy. , Sulakhe Vishal Narayanrao 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this paper presents the external homogeneous charge preparation (EHCP) is an important and best charge preparation technique for reducing oxides of nitrogen and soot emissions. In this method, the injector is to be found at the intake manifold, Hence the fuel travels along with the air owing the suction stroke. Experiments were carried out in a computerized 4-stroke single-cylinder diesel engine that was converted into HCCI mode. In this experiment, we use diesel, bio-diesel plastic oil as fuel mixing blends (WPPO 20% by volume) of biodiesel. The experimental result found that the cylinder peak pressure and heat release rate obtained were 38.18 % and 24.46 % for plastic oil 20. External homogeneous charge preparation plastic oil 20% blend has 37 % higher brake thermal efficiency than early pilot direct injection D100 at full load. On other hand drastically reduction of NOx and smoke opacity by 32.77%, 30.74%.
Microbiome biodiversity associated with Midgut and Salivary gland of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus
Authors: Baral Sunita , Gautam Ishan , Singh Anjana , Chaudhary Ramesh , Shrestha Pramod , Tuladhar Reshma 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Dengue, a mosquito borne arbo-viral disease transmitted by Aede saegypti (primary vector) and Aedes albopictus cause significant morbidity and mortality in most part of the world including Nepal.The gut and salivary gland contain diverse micro biota and play an important role in vector competence and disease transmission. This study aimed to screen the salivary gland and mid gut micro biota associated with Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus from Kathmandu and Lalitpur districts of Nepal.
Methods
An analytical cross sectional study was conducted from April 2017 to October 2017from Kathmandu and Lalitpur Districts of Nepal. The field collected mosquitoes larvae were reared in the laboratory until the adult emergence and identified morphologically using standard key. The dissected salivary gland and gut samples were homogenized, suspended in Phospate buffered saline and inoculated in the culture media for bacterial growth which were further identified.
Results
Pseudomonas aeruginosa was predominant bacteria in the gut and salivary gland of Ae. aegypti. Similarly, in Ae. albopictus, Serratia marcescens was predominant in gut while, Acinetobacter spp.was predominant in salivary gland. Simpsons diversity index (D), Shannon weaver diversity index (H) and Evenness (E) were found to be the highest viz, 0.81, 1.83 and 0.88 in the gut of Ae. aegypti .
Conclusion
This study had provided a comprehensive overview of the bacterial population in the gut and salivary gland of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. It has been found that the most bacterial genera were common to both vectors though some variation was found in gut and salivary gland. This distribution suggests that there are no host specific bacterial genera.
The diversity and metabolism of culturable nitrate-reducing bacteria from the photic zone of the Western North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Jiang Zhichen , Liu Sizhen , Zhang Dechao , Sha Zhongli 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
To better understand bacterial communities and metabolism under nitrogen deficiency, 154 seawater samples were obtained from 0-200 m at 22 stations in the photic zone of the Western North Pacific Ocean and, from them, 634 nitrate-utilizing bacteria were isolated using selective media and culture-dependent methods. Twenty-nine of 94 representative nitrate-utilizing isolates were found to be nitrate reducers, among which Qipengyuania flava, Roseibium aggregatum, Erythrobacter aureus, Vibrio campbellii, and Stappia indica were identified from all tested seawater layers of the photic zone and at almost all stations. The presence of multiple genes for chitin degradation and extracellular peptidases may indicate that almost all nitrate-reducing isolates (28/29) can use chitin and proteinaceous compounds as important sources of carbon and nitrogen. Most strains contained assimilatory nitrate reduction or dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia genes suggesting that nitrate and nitrite could act as electron acceptors to generate ammonia. All of the nitrate-reducing isolates contained genes encoding the assimilatory sulfate reduction pathway, and six of the nitrate-reducing isolates encoded sulfur oxidization genes, indicating that they could oxidize sulfur. Five nitrate-reducing isolates obtained near the chlorophyll a-maximum layer contained a dimethylsulfoniopropionate synthesis gene and three of them contained both dimethylsulfoniopropionate synthesis and cleavage genes. This suggests that nitrate-reducing isolates may participate in dimethylsulfoniopropionate synthesis and catabolism in photic seawater. Collectively, these results reveal nitrate-reducing bacterial diversity and have implications for understanding the role of such strains in the ecology and biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen, carbon, and sulfur in the oligotrophic marine photic zone.
Biofuel Production From Wood Shavings
Authors: Adewumi Idowu Olugbenga 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this study, wood shavings were sourced from a sawmill in Ibadan, Nigeria and treated to a 12% moisture content for size reduction using a hammer mill. A measuring balance was used to weigh the samples in increments of 1kg, and the wood shavings were processed with the assistance of the hammer mill for size reduction. The particles were then passed on to a pre-treatment chamber where water and tetraoxosulphate VI acid were added to the blend. The mixture was then pumped into a fermentation chamber where heat was introduced by a heater up to 100C. The experiment was conducted for various masses of wood shavings, and the amount of biofuel produced was measured in liters. The efficiency of the hammer mill was 84.6%, with a throughput capacity of 13.63 kg/hr. The mean efficiency of the pre-treatment chamber was calculated to be 82.29% with throughput capacity of 38.4 kg/hr. The final product, ethanol, was assessed for its physical and chemical properties in a laboratory setting, and it was found to be combustible and supported ignition. The amount of ethanol produced increased with the amount of feedstock used.
Management of gynecologic adnexal tumors and tumor-like lesions in children and adolescents: experience at a cancer center
Authors: Costa João , Alves Sara , Silva Fernanda , Leite Filipa , Bartosch Carla 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Tumors and tumor-like lesions of the uterine adnexa in children and adolescents are uncommon but may carry devastating consequences.
Methods
We conducted an observational retrospective cohort study, to describe patients aged 0–19 years diagnosed with tumors and tumor-like lesions of the uterine adnexa at our institution between 2000–2018.
Results
Eighty-nine patients with 105 adnexal lesions were included. Thirty-seven(41.6%) patients presented with benign tumors, 13(14.6%) with borderline tumors, 25(28.1%) with malignant tumors and 14(15.7%) with tumor-like lesions. Germ cell tumors(n = 45|42.9%) were the most frequent, followed by epithelial tumors(n = 30|28.6%). No significant differences were found in the age distribution of the lesions by malignant potential or histologic group. Most patients(n = 80|89.9%) were treated primarily with conservative surgery, including cystectomy(n = 25|28.1%) and unilateral oophorectomy/adnexectomy(n = 54|60.7%). Thirty-four(38.2%) underwent surgical staging (partial omentectomy and peritoneal biopsies). Twenty(22.5%) patients with borderline and malignant tumors were submitted to chemotherapy. Four(4.5%) patients with borderline or malignant tumors relapsed, one of which died from disease.
Conclusion
Pediatric gynecological lesions encompass a wide range of rare histological tumor subtypes, requiring evaluation by experienced pathologists. Most tumors were diagnosed at early stages, with low relapse and mortality rates. Conservative management, with fertility sparing surgery and limited use of adjuvant chemotherapy, is of utmost importance.
Unveiling the spatial and sectoral characteristics of a high-resolution emission inventory of air pollutants in Shaanxi during 2017-2020
Authors: Zhao Jie , Yuan Linjiang , Guan Panbo , Jia Ce 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
With the implementation of the ultra-low emission policy in China, the pollutant emission factors (EFs) of industrial enterprises have changed greatly. The emission inventory prepared using the proposed EF has a high degree of uncertainty and is difficult to achieve a high temporal resolution. In 2017, based on the continuous emission monitoring system (CEMS), detailed emission data of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) were obtained from industrial enterprises in Shaanxi Province. These data are used to prepare hourly emission inventories and to design the latest EF for typical industries. The emissions of SO2, NOx and PM usually reach the ultra-low emission limit. The total emissions of SO2, NOx and PM are 1826 tons, 3771 tons and 412tons respectively. The emissions of SO2, NOx and PM show similar monthly changes, reaching peak values in winter and summer. SO2, NOx and PM emissions show similar monthly changes. Weekend night emissions are higher than working days. EFs based on CEMS are one or two orders of magnitude lower than EF. The new emission inventory and updated EF enable us to better understand the uncertainty caused by the over estimation of EF after the implementation of the temporary ultra-low emission technology.
Prediction of Land Cover and Land Use Changes in the Greater Gaborone Area of Botswana
Authors: Suh Celestine Neba , Rejoice Tsheko , Kayombo Benedict , Thebeetsile Scott Moroke , Tchoffo Eddy Franck Chi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Changes in land cover and land use (LCLU) have been observed in the greater Gaborone area of Botswana since the 1980s. These changes are driven by human and livestock population pressures, rapid urbanization, and socioeconomic and industrial development. Being able to predict LCLU changes is useful for policy and land use planning. Advances in geospatial modelling techniques have become central to the monitoring and assessment of past and future LCLU changes. This study employed the Module for Land Use Change Evaluation (MOLUSCE) to simulate LCLU in 2042 based on the current LCLU. Classified Landsat images from 1988 and 2002 and Sentinel 2A images were used to simulate the likely LCLU changes between 2022 and 2042. Model validation was done by comparing the Kappa statistics for the simulated and actual 2022 LCLUs. The Kappa coefficients for the actual and simulated images were 0.93 and 0.79, respectively. The simulation results showed a projected increase of 65.81 km2 and 28.19 km2 in the shrubland and built-up classes between 2022 and 2042, respectively, while the tree cover, cropland, bare land, and water body classes are expected to decrease by 56.69 km2, 25.05 km2, 11.89 km2, 21.89 km2, and 0.36 km2, respectively. These dramatic changes in future LCLUs could negatively impact the environment, and jeopardize water quality and quantity and food security. The results from this study provide useful information to land use planners to make better decisions about improving future land use policies within the framework of sustainable land use planning.
Magnitude and Risk of Livelihood Asset Damage due to Climate Change-Induced Disasters of the Coastal Fisher of Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md. Shahidul , Islam Md. Jahirul , Shahrear Rezwan , Talukder Mohammad Mahbub Alam , Mahatabuddin Sheikh , Haque Md. Mansurul 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study was to assess the magnitude and risk of livelihood asset damage due to climate change-induced disasters for the coastal fishermen of Bangladesh.
Method
Using a random sampling technique, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 338 coastal dwelling fishers and other coastal fishery actors from 11 coastal districts. A pretested, semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data following the face-to-face interview method. Data were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences).
Results
Findings revealed that more than 90% of the participants lived within 3.5 kilometers of the coastal zones and had to struggle against at least three (range: 1–8) moderate to highly severe CCI disasters, including recurring floods, waterlogging, and cyclones, within the last five years. Consequently, 92% of C&MFs have lost livelihood assets, including physical and financial assets (living houses, fisheries, household livestock, and poultry). It was found that each C&MF (coastal and marine fishermen) household is recurrently losing an average of 9183 BDT annually in only three physical assets. Consequently, only about 0.6 million registered C&MFs are losing around 5,509 million BDT (equivalent to about $64.81 million US dollars) annually in Bangladesh. Thus, every one million HH of coastal and marine fishermen and other coastal fishery actors face financial losses of 9183 million BDT (equivalent to about $108.04 million) every year only in three physical assets. Each million C&MF households, on the other hand, borrows approximately 7301 million BDT (equivalent to $85.89 million) per year to cover household expenditure shortfalls caused by insufficient income and physical asset damage caused by CCI disasters.
Conclusion
Climate-resilient livelihoods, such as improving technological fishing skills to increase fish production and generating alternate income sources in different IGA (income-generating activity) trades during off-fishing seasons, have the potential to save C&MF's living standards and thus mitigate the negative effects of CCI disasters on the national economy.
LDL-C/HDL-C ratio:a strong metabolic risk factor of invasive breast cancer
Authors: Fan Kexin , Sun Tengfei , Yin Fuzai 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objective:Our study aims to evaluate whether low density lipoprotein cholesterol/high density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C/HDL-C) can act as a metabolic risk factor of invasive breast cancer (BC) in females.
Methods: From January,2022 to December, 2022,505 females invasive BC and 505 age-matched controls were prospectively enrolled in our study. Data were obtained via medical records and questionnaires.We used Student’s t-test and Pearson’s χ2 test to assess the baseline characterisitcs, and binary logistic regression was utilized to clarify the metabolic risk factors of invasive BC. Finally, stratified analyses were performed according to estrogen receptor(ER) status.
Results: LDL-C/HDL-C,waist circumference (WC),coronary heart disease and family history of cancer were independent risk factors of invasive BC. Among the metabolic factors,higher LDL-C/HDL-C ratio(OR,25.19,95%CI,13.15-48.25) and WC(OR,1.20,95%CI,1.15-1.24) were associa-
-ted with higher BC risk(P<0.05) after adjustment for the potential confounders. Stratified analyses according to ER state also demonstrated that LDL-C/HDL-C and WC were still independent risk factors regardless of whether ER status was positive or negative(P＜0.05).
Conclusions: We find that LDL-C/HDL-C ratio is a strong metabolic risk factor of invasive
BC regardless of whether ER status was positive or negative.
TLR7 agonists modulate the activation of human conjunctival epithelial cells induced by IL-1β via the ERK1/2 signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Ling , Li Shixu , Cai Kaihong , Xiao Yu , Ye Lin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Conjunctival epithelia cells take an important role in the development of allergic reactions. TLR7 agonists have been shown in studies to increase the body's immunological tolerance by controlling the proportion of Th1/Th2 cells, although it is still unknown what impact this has on conjunctival epithelial cells. In this study, we examined the effect of TLR7 agonists on the inflammatory-activation of conjunctival epithelial cells induced by IL-1β. Quantitative PCR and ELISA analysis confirmed that TLR7 agonists could impair the proinflammatory cytokines releasing by the epithelia cells, whereas pro-inflammatory cytokines led to subsequent reactive oxygen species and neutrophil chemotaxis. Phosphorylation analysis and nucleocytoplasmic separation further confirmed that TLR7 agonists inhibit IL-1β-induced epithelia cells activation and ATP depletion via modulating the cytoplasmic resides of ERK1/2. Our finding indicated that TLR7 of conjunctival epithelia cells could be as a potent anti-inflammatory target for the ocular surface. And TLR7 agonists may become a potential new drug for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.