bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exact and Approximate Digraph Bandwidth
Authors: Jain Pallavi , Kanesh Lawqueen , Lochet Willian , Saurabh Saket , Sharma Roohani 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Note: Please see pdf for full abstract with equations.
In this paper, we introduce a directed variant of the classical BANDWIDTH problem and study it from the view-point of moderately exponential time algorithms, both exactly and approximately. Motivated by the definitions of the directed variants of the classical CUTWIDTH and PATHWIDTH problems, we define DIAGRAPH BANDWIDTH as follows. Given a digraph D and an ordering σ of its vertices, the digraph bandwidth of σ with respect to D is equal to the maximum value of σ(v) − σ(u) over all arcs (u, v) of D going forward along σ (that is, when σ(u) < σ(v)). The DIAGRAPH BANDWIDTH problem takes as input a digraph D and asks to output an ordering with the minimum digraph bandwidth. The undirected BANDWIDTHeasily reduces to DIAGRAPH BANDWIDTH and thus, it immediately implies that DIAGRAPH BANDWIDTH is NP-hard. While an O⋆(n!)∗ time algorithm for the problem is trivial, the goal of this paper is to design algorithms for DIAGRAPH BANDWIDTH which have running times of the form 2O(n). In particular, we obtain the following results. Here, n and m denote the number of vertices and arcs of the input digraph D, respectively.
• DIAGRAPH BANDWIDTH can be solved in O⋆(3n · 2m) time. This result implies a 2O(n) time algorithm on sparse graphs, such as graphs of bounded average degree (planar graphs).
• Let G be the underlying undirected graph of the input digraph. If the treewidth of G is at most t, then DIAGRAPH BANDWIDTH can be solved in time O⋆(2n+(t+2) log n). This result implies a 2n+O(√ n log n) algorithm, for directed planar graphs and, in general, for the class of digraphs whose underlying undirected graph excludes some fixed graph H as a minor.
• DIAGRAPH BANDWIDTH can be solved in min{O∗(4n · bn),O∗(4n · 2b log b log n)} time, where b denotes the optimal digraph bandwidth of D. This allow us to deduce a 2O(n) algorithm in many cases, for example when b ≤ n / log2n.
• Finally, we give a (Single) Exponential Time Approximation Scheme for DIAGRAPH BANDWIDTH. In particular, we show that for any fixed real ϵ > 0, we can find an ordering whose digraph bandwidth is at most (1+ϵ) times the optimal digraph bandwidth, in time O∗(4n · (⌈4/ϵ⌉)n).
∗The O⋆ notation hides the polynomial factors in the instance size.
Target focus capture system based on enhancement learning and impedance variable structure control
Authors: Zhang Zhihuan , Hu Chao , Zhang Sheng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
For the robotic detecting and grasping of the digestive tract, a cyber-physical system of focus capturing based on a physician's vision and the high-performance robot impedance control method are proposed in this study. The structure of the cyber-physical system for the focus information is given, which includes the physician, the network, the robot, and the digestive tract. The structure is controlled remotely by physicians through a 5G network, and is divided into two layers. The upper layer is mainly for physicians to capture the target of digestive tract focus through enhancement learning, and send instructions to the lower layer robot impedance control set and joint controller through space conversion and 5G network. In this way, the lower layer robot joint can quickly find the target of the digestive tract focus according to the instruction. At the same time, the optimal performance of target capturing, target trajectory processing of Akima, and time-varying nonlinear mapping between robot workspace and joint space are discussed. Finally, the Target Focus Capture system based on enhancement learning and new variable structure impedance control is first proposed for the Doctor-Robot system, and the simulation results show that the remote control method is feasible. In addition, it can be used for reference in COVID-19 prevention and control. At the same time, it is of great help to the examination and operation of unskilled professional physicians.
Balance Assessment in Selected Stages of Parkinson’s Disease Using Stock Exchange Indices
Authors: Wodarski Piotr , Jurkojć Jacek , Michalska Justyna , Kamieniarz Anna , Juras Grzegorz , Gzik Marek 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Balance disorders in patients diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease (PD) are associated with a change in balance-keeping strategy and reflex disorders which regulate the maintenance of vertical body posture. Center of foot pressure (COP) displacement signals were analyzed during quiet standing experiments to define such changes. The research aimed to apply stock exchange indices based on the trend change analyses to the assessment of a level of the Parkinson disease progression on the grounds of the analysis of the COP signals.
Methods
30 patients in two stages of PD, 40 elderly participants, and 20 individuals at a young age were studied. Each person was subjected to 3 measurements with open and closed eyes. A technical analysis of the COP displacement signal was performed, and the following quantities were determined: indices related to the number of trend changes (TCI), indices defining a mean time (TCI_dT), and mean displacement (TCI_dS) and mean velocity (TCI_dV) between such changes.
Results
The results indicate a higher TCI value for PD than for CG (p < 0.05). In the case of PD patients, there was also an increase in the TCI_dS value by 2–5 mm, which mainly contributed to the increase in TCI_dV. Statistically significant differences for the TCI_dT values occurred between all groups in which differences in the average COP velocity were noted.
Conclusions
The TCI and TCI_dV results obtained for the healthy participants enabled the development of indices supporting PD diagnostics. The causes of the TCI_dV changes in patients were determined, i.e., whether they resulted from an increase in the TCI_dT or TCI_dS between the moments of trend changes indicated by the developed algorithm. The developed methodology provides new information on the impact of PD on the strategy of maintaining balance, which was impossible to obtain using currently used analyses. The use of this method to differentiate the stage of PD requires further research.
Trial registration:
The conducted research is an observational study and does not include a health care intervention. Participants gave their consent to participate in the research and the procedure was approved by the Institutional Bioethics Committee.
A Novel Framework for Mobile Forensics Investigation Process
Authors: Moreb Mohammed , Salah Saeed , Amro Belal 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Investigating digital evidence by gathering, examining, and maintaining evidence that was stored in smartphones has attracted tremendous attention and become a key part of digital forensics. The mobile forensics process aims to recover digital evidence from a mobile device in a way that will preserve the evidence in a forensically sound condition, this evidence might be used to prove to be a cybercriminal or a cybercrime victim. To do this, the mobile forensics process lifecycle must establish clear guidelines for safely capturing, isolating, transporting, storing, and proving digital evidence originating from mobile devices. There are unique aspects of the mobile forensics procedure that must be taken into account. It is imperative to adhere to proper techniques and norms in order for the testing of mobile devices to produce reliable results. In this paper, we develop a novel methodology for the mobile forensics process model lifecycle named Mobile Forensics Investigation Process Framework (MFIPF) which encompasses all the necessary stages and data sources used to construct the crime case. The developed framework contributes to identifying common concepts of mobile forensics through the development of the mobile forensics model that simplifies the examination process and enables forensics teams to capture and reuse specialized forensic knowledge. Furthermore, the paper provides a list of the most commonly used forensics tools and where can we use them in our proposed mobile forensic process model.
Chemical pancreatectomy in non-human primates ablates the acini and ducts and enhances beta-cell function
Authors: Kalsi Ranjeet S. , Kreger Alexander M. , Saleh Mohamed , Yoshida Shiho , Sharma Kartikeya , Fusco Joseph , Saloman Jami L. , Zhang Ting , Thomas Madison , Sehrawat Anuradha , Wang Yan , Reif Jason , Mills Juliana , Raad Sarah , Zengin Bugra , Gomez Ana , Singhi Aatur , Tadros Sameh , Slivka Adam , Esni Farzad , Prasadan Krishna , Gittes George 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis is a debilitating disease affecting millions worldwide. These patients suffer from bouts of severe pain that are minimally relieved by pain medications and may necessitate major surgeries with high morbidity and mortality. Previously, we demonstrated that “chemical pancreatectomy,” a pancreatic intraductal infusion of dilute acetic acid solution, ablated the exocrine pancreas while preserving the endocrine pancreas. Notably, chemical pancreatectomy resolved chronic inflammation, alleviated allodynia in the cerulein pancreatitis model, and improved glucose homeostasis. Herein, we extensively tested the feasibility of a chemical pancreatectomy in NHPs and validated our previously published pilot study. We did serial computed tomography (CT) scans of the abdomen and pelvis, analyzed dorsal root ganglia, measured serum enzymes, and performed histological and ultrastructural assessments and pancreatic endocrine function assays.  Based on serial CT scans, chemical pancreatectomy led to the loss of pancreatic volume. Immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated exocrine pancreatic ablation with endocrine islet preservation. Importantly, chemical pancreatectomy did not increase pro-nociceptive markers in harvested dorsal root ganglia. Also, chemical pancreatectomy improved insulin secretion to supranormal levels in vivo and in vitro. Thus, this study may provide a foundation for translating this procedure to patients with chronic pancreatitis or other conditions requiring a pancreatectomy.
One-step photodeposition of spatially separated CuOx and MnOx dual cocatalysts on g-C3N4 for enhanced CO2 photoreduction
Authors: Tian Fengyu , Wu Xinyao , Yan Xuemin , Liao Guangfu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Photocatalytic CO2 conversion into valuable chemicals has been proved to be a promising strategy for relieving energy shortage and environmental pollution. Nevertheless, the rapid recombination of photogenerated carriers of photocatalyst greatly limits their actual application. In this work, dual CuOx and MnOx cocatalysts are decorated on g-C3N4 nanosheets via a one-step photodeposition strategy. Benefiting from the repulsion between Cu2+ and Mn2+ cations, a novel g-C3N4-based heterostructure loaded with spatially separated CuOx nanoparticles and MnOx nanosheets dual cocatalysts has been successfully fabricated. The Cu favors the trapping of electrons, while MnOx tends to collect holes. Moreover, the Cu2O/g-C3N4 p-n heterojunction also accelerates the charge separation. As a result, the photogenerated holes and electrons flow into and out of the photocatalyst, respectively, resulting in enhanced charge separation for achieving efficient CO2 photoreduction over CuOx/g-C3N4/MnOx. Impressively, the optimized CuOx/g-C3N4/MnOx exhibits an improved CO production rate of 5.49 µmol g− 1 h− 1, which exceeds over 27.5 times than bare g-C3N4. This work designs a promising photocatalyst for CO2 photoreduction and develops a novel one-step photodeposition route for decorating spatially separated dual cocatalysts on a photocatalyst.
Blood biomarker-based classification study for neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Kelly Jack , Moyeed Rana , Carroll Camille , Luo Shouqing , Li Xinzhong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
As the population ages, neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are becoming more prevalent, making it crucial to comprehend the underlying disease mechanisms and identify biomarkers to allow for early diagnosis and effective screening for clinical trials. Thanks to advancements in gene expression profiling, it is now possible to search for disease biomarkers on an unprecedented scale.
Here we applied machine learning (ML) approaches to identify blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) with the application of multiple feature selection methods. In addition to traditional ML approaches, deep learning (DL) algorithms were also utilized for comparison.
One optimal random forest (RF) model was discovered for AD with 159 gene markers (ROC-AUC = 0.886) while one optimal RF model was discovered for PD (ROC-AUC = 0.743). The convolutional neural network (CNN) performs consistently well across both AD and PD, suggesting its potential in biomarker identification and disease detection.
Design, Expression and Characterization of Lactiscin—a Novel Broad-Spectrum Peptidic Bacteriocin
Authors: Rukying Neeranuch , Ajingi Ya’u Sabo , Usman Jiddah Nafiu , Ruengvisesh Songsirin , Rattanarojpong Triwit , Pason Patthra , Angsuthanasombat Chanan , Jongruja Nujarin , nokyod Santi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Bacteria-derived antimicrobial peptides known as peptidic bacteriocins offer a promising alternative to traditional antibiotics in the face of the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Here, a nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding Lactococcus lactis-derived peptidic bacteriocin designated as lactiscin selectively identified from the GenBank® database was synthesized with an added 6⋅His sequence and cloned into Escherichia coli. Upon low-temperature expression at 16°C, the His-tagged peptide could be produced in both soluble form and insoluble inclusions. Efficient purification of the soluble His-tagged peptide was achieved via immobilized-Ni2+ affinity chromatography (IMAC) and its estimated molecular mass of ~ 13.4 kDa was determined by tricine-sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified peptide was highly active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as it exhibited a minimal inhibitory concentration of 0.45 mg/mL, 0.15 mg/mL, 0.35 mg/mL and 0.45 mg/mL against. Escherichia coli, Vibrio parachemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus, respectively. In addition, the lactiscin peptide still retained antimicrobial activity over a pH range of 3.0–12.0 and heat stability of 100°C for 30 minutes. A membrane integrity study revealed that this peptidic bacteriocin was able to induce E. coli membrane permeabilization in a concentration-dependent manner, albeit it showed a negligible toxic effect on erythrocytic cells. Gel retardation assay demonstrated that the lactiscin bacteriocin could suppress the migration of genomic DNA extracted from pathogenic bacteria, suggesting the presence of bacteriocin-responsive binding genomic. Our findings of lactiscin—a novel broad-spectrum bacteriocin would be a valuable additive for the application of food industry as a potential bio-preservative.
Randomized Split Face Controlled Study to Evaluate Low Level Laser Therapy for Treatment of Acne Vulgaris in Adolescents
Authors: Tawfik Abeer , Alsharnoubi Jehan , Rafeea Maha , Yakout Hend 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Acne vulgaris as a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaeous unit, and is the most common skin disorder regardless of gender, skin colour or ethinity. No mortality but significant physical and psychological morbidity. Acne therapies, associated with acne,topical or systemic, targeting one of its pathogenic factors, have many drawbacks and poor compliance. Laser and light therapy greatly enhance acne management. Promising results with infrared laser had been reported. Also, photobiostimulation of acne vulgaris was more effective than many pharmacological products.
Objective : To evaluate the effectiveness of low level laser therapy for treatment of acne vulgaris in adolescents .
Methods: Half-face of twenty cases, four males and sixteen females between eleven and eighteen years treated with 905- nm Giotto diode laser for thirty minutes. The other half is control. Two sessions per week for eight weeks and three month follow up after treatment was done.
Results: Reduction in acne lesion count 32.78% after two weeks of treatment,46.4% after four weeks. Significant reduction (63.35%) at the end of eight weeks treatment(p=0.002) and 59.87% (p=0.002) after three months follow up as regards the control side. Scoring of relation to the control side acne lesion severity using GAGS showed significant decrease inafter four weeks of treatment(p=0.002),high significance after eight weeks (p-value<0.001) and persistent high significance after three months follow up (p-value<0.001).No detectable side effects and high significant patient satisfaction.
Conclusion: Treatment of acne vulgaris in adolescents with low level diode laser is safe and effective.
Origin and diversification of the genera Aratinga, Eupsittula and Psittacara (Aves: Psittacidae)
Authors: Padilla-Jacobo Gabriela , Monterrubio-Rico Tiberio C. , Cano-Camacho Horacio , Zavala-Páramo María Guadalupe 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

The arrival of psittacines in North America is well known but undefined. It is widely accepted that these birds originated in South America, and it has been suggested that different factors have promoted the biodiversity of birds in Mexico. However, in general, for North American psittacines, there are no proposed divergence times, and the possible influence of different geological events on these processes is unknown.In this study, phylogenetic relationships, divergence times and the ancestral areas of the generaAratinga,EupsittulaandPsittacaraand related genera were estimated to propose hypotheses of origin, diversification, and dispersal of groups under a Bayesian inference framework based on mitochondrial molecular markers. We found that of the seven monophyletic clades within the Arini tribe, four coincided with the generaPsittacara,Eupsittula,Rhynchopsitta, andPyrrhura, and three clades were integrated by different genera. The generaAratingaandEupsittulaoriginated during the Miocene, and the genusPsittacaraoriginated at the Miocene-Pliocene boundary.Aratingais the oldest, followed byEupsittulaand the youngest isPsittacara.Biogeographic reconstruction suggests that the most likely origin of these genera is the Amazonian or Chaco regions. The diversification of these groups is related to geoclimatic events associated with the uplift of the central and northern portions of the Andes and the closure of the Isthmus of Panama. We propose dispersion routes from south to north in the Neotropics and the use of the Greater and Lesser Antilles as a northward path.
Barriers and Challenges to Effective Medical Research Among Nigerian Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bassey Effiom Victory , Udohchukwu Okereke Promise , Ahmed K. Awad , Maduka Ejikem Mazpa ,   5.	Akubukor, Franklyne Chinenye Franklyne Chinenye, Tukur Mustapha Aminu Tukur Aminu , Jesuyajolu Damilola , Ejikem Maif Uchenna 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objectives: Research is an essential part of improving health care which plays an integral role in medicine and clinical practice. The study aimed to assess the barriers to research by medical students of the different universities in Nigeria and find adequate strategies for managing them.
Methods: This was­­­ ­­­­a cross-sectional study using a cultured online questionnaire adopted from a previous study containing 29 items on institutional barriers, environmental barriers, academic barriers, individual barriers, practical barriers, and barriers due to research standards and outcomes. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the independent-samples t-test. Where the p value was set at 0.05.
Results: our study included 421 medical students from 37 different private and public medical schools in Nigeria. Medical students hold a neutral stance towards institutional and personal barriers to clinical research with scores of 2.98±0.41 and 2.69±0.93 respectively. However, they recognize environmental, academic, and practical barriers as significant hindrances to research with mean scores of 3.57±0.31, 3.08±0.48, and 3.51 +_ 0.37 respectively. The majority of barriers towards research among medical students appeared to be time, the bulkiness of academic tasks, inadequate equipment for carrying out research, inadequate payments for research-related activities, expensive nature of research-related services, and lack of proper scientific and research atmosphere in the University.
Conclusion: The most significant barriers to medical student research are environmental, followed by practical, academic, and institutional. Improving the situation requires a joint effort from medical students, medical institution management, and government support in promoting education and research.
Self-immolative nanocapsules precisely regulate depressive neuronal microenvironment for synergistic antidepression therapy
Authors: Liu Ziyao , Chen Bei , Xiang Shijun , Hu Shuo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Pharmacotherapy constitutes the first-line treatment for depression. However, its clinical use is hindered by several limitations, such as time lag, side effects, and narrow therapeutic windows. Nanotechnology can be employed to shorten the onset time by ensuring permeation across the blood brain barrier (BBB) to precisely deliver more therapeutic agents; unfortunately, formidable challenges owing to the intrinsic shortcomings of commercial drugs remain.
Results: Based on the extraordinary capability of monoamines to regulate the neuronal environment, we engineer a network nanocapsule for delivering serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and catalase (CAT) to the brain parenchyma for synergistic antidepression therapy. The nanoantidepressants are fabricated by the formation of 5-HT covalent bonds and simultaneous payload CAT, following by surface modifications using human serum albumin and rabies virus glycoprotein. The virus-inspired nanocapsules benefit from the surface-modifying strategies and exhibit pronounced BBB penetration. Once nanocapsules reach the brain parenchyma, the mildly acidic conditions trigger the release of 5-HT from the sacrificial nanocapsule. Releasing 5-HT further positively regulate moods, relieving depressive symptoms. Meanwhile, cargo CAT alleviates neuroinflammation and enhances therapeutic efficacy of 5-HT.
Conclusion: Altogether, the results offer detailed information encouraging the rational designing of nanoantidepressants and highlighting the potential of nanotechnology in mental health disorder therapies.
AI-Based Efficient Wireless Technologies and Infrastructure-Based Networks With VANET For Smart Transportation High Performance
Authors: Xia Xiong , Li Xin , Hou Wei , Hua Shiyu , Huang Quan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
VANETs (Vehicular Ad-hoc NETworks) were deemed most suitable communication network for supporting the dissemination of alert messages due to their low dissemination delays as well as extensive vehicle coverage in vicinity of an emergency. With the introduction of cooperative ITS services, it is envisaged that emerging vehicular networks will progressively rely on Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) communication lines, which are expected to be nominally accessible with certain temporary as well as time-limited connectivity losses. This study proposes a novel method for VANET-based efficient vehicle clustering and routing based on network infrastructure for high-performance smart transportation. the vehicle clustering using infrastructure-based fuzzy K-means convolutional neural networks. then the energy-efficient cluster-based multi-hop distributed routing. the experimental analysis in terms of latency, network lifetime, throughput, QoS, energy efficiency, and packet delivery ratio. In addition, empirical equations that can be used to predict speed recommendations for drivers are derived from the result.