bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Self-Contained Karma Economy for the Dynamic Allocation of Common Resources
Authors: Elokda Ezzat , Bolognani Saverio , Censi Andrea , Dörfler Florian , Frazzoli Emilio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper presents karma mechanisms, a novel approach to the repeated allocation of a scarce resource among competing agents over an infinite time. Examples include deciding which ride hailing trip requests to serve during peak demand, granting the right of way in intersections or lane mergers, or admitting internet content to a regulated fast channel. We study a simplified yet insightful formulation of these problems where at every instant two agents from a large population get randomly matched to compete over the resource. The intuitive interpretation of a karma mechanism is “If I give in now, I will be rewarded in the future.” Agents compete in an auction-like setting where they bid units of karma, which circulates directly among them and is self-contained in the system. We demonstrate that this allows a society of self-interested agents to achieve high levels of efficiency without resorting to a (possibly problematic) monetary pricing of the resource. We model karma mechanisms as dynamic population games and guarantee the existence of a stationary Nash equilibrium. We then analyze the performance at the stationary Nash equilibrium numerically. For the case of homogeneous agents, we compare different mechanism design choices, showing that it is possible to achieve an efficient and ex-post fair allocation when the agents are future aware. Finally, we test the robustness against agent heterogeneity and propose remedies to some of the observed phenomena via karma redistribution.
Influence maximization in social networks: a survey of behaviour-aware methods
Authors: Zareie Ahmad , Sakellariou Rizos 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSocial networks have become an increasingly common abstraction to capture the interactions of individual users in a number of everyday activities and applications. As a result, the analysis of such networks has attracted lots of attention in the literature. Among the topics of interest, a key problem relates to identifying so-called influential users for a number of applications, which need to spread messages. Several approaches have been proposed to estimate users’ influence and identify sets of influential users in social networks. A common basis of these approaches is to consider links between users, that is, structural or topological properties of the network. To a lesser extent, some approaches take into account users’ behaviours or attitudes. Although a number of surveys have reviewed approaches based on structural properties of social networks, there has been no comprehensive review of approaches that take into account users’ behaviour. This paper attempts to cover this gap by reviewing and proposing a taxonomy of such behaviour-aware methods to identify influential users in social networks.
Connective Adaptive Resistance Exercise (CARE) Machines for Accentuated Eccentric and Eccentric-Only Exercise: Introduction to an Emerging Concept
Authors: Nuzzo James L. , Pinto Matheus D. , Nosaka Kazunori 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEccentric resistance exercise emphasizes active muscle lengthening against resistance. In the past 15 years, researchers and practitioners have expressed considerable interest in accentuated eccentric (i.e., eccentric overload) and eccentric-only resistance exercise as strategies for enhancing performance and preventing and rehabilitating injuries. However, delivery of eccentric resistance exercise has been challenging because of equipment limitations. Previously, we briefly introduced the concept of connected adaptive resistance exercise (CARE)—the integration of software and hardware to provide a resistance that adjusts in real time and in response to the individual’s volitional force within and between repetitions. The aim of the current paper is to expand this discussion and explain the potential for CARE technology to improve the delivery of eccentric resistance exercise in various settings. First, we overview existing resistance exercise equipment and highlight its limitations for delivering eccentric resistance exercise. Second, we describe CARE and explain how it can accomplish accentuated eccentric and eccentric-only resistance exercise in a new way. We supplement this discussion with preliminary data collected with CARE technology in laboratory and non-laboratory environments. Finally, we discuss the potential for CARE technology to deliver eccentric resistance exercise for various purposes, e.g., research studies, rehabilitation programs, and home-based or telehealth interventions. Overall, CARE technology appears to permit completion of eccentric resistance exercise feasibly in both laboratory and non-laboratory environments and thus has implications for researchers and practitioners in the fields of sports medicine, physiotherapy, exercise physiology, and strength and conditioning. Nevertheless, formal investigations into the impact of CARE technology on participation in eccentric resistance exercise and clinical outcomes are still required.
Base Vibration Effects on Additive Manufactured Part Quality
Authors: Jensen N. J. , Parker G. G. , Blough J. R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAdditive Manufacturing (AM) has opened the door for portable and self-sufficient fabrication. However, environments with base vibration degrade part quality during production. This work focuses on investigating and mitigating the effects of base vibration on AM part quality. Factors influencing part quality initiated the approach, followed by experiments on an extrusion-type printer to inspect and minimize vibration effects. Part roughness was used as the part quality metric based on preliminary experimental observations. A modal impact test identified the print bed and print head gantry as vibration-sensitive components at ≈ 40 Hz. These vibration modes were targeted with experiments to evaluate and reduce vibration effects. Vibration originating from machine operation and vertical base vibration were compared. Part quality was impacted by base vibration 600 × more than by machine operation. Part roughness correlated with vertical base vibration intensity as the roughness standard deviation increased over 85%, from 187.71 μ in to 349.01 μ in, for parts printed with base vibration compared to parts printed without. This result indicated base vibration as the primary vibration source that leads to part quality degradation. A passive vibration control scheme was implemented resulting in a 93% reduction in the relative motion between the print head and bed, from 23.71 to 1.75 g/g, and a 16% improvement in part surface roughness, from 1015.60 to 850.39 μ in. This research provides direction for extending AM to harsh operational environments.
A techno-economic approach for decision-making in metal additive manufacturing: metal extrusion versus single and multiple laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Parenti Paolo , Puccio Dario , Semeraro Quirico , Colosimo Bianca Maria 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis work presents a decision-making methodology that allows the merging of quantitative and qualitative decision variables for selecting the optimal metal Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology. The approach is applied on two competing technologies in the field of metal AM industry, i.e., the metal extrusion AM process (metal FFF) and the Laser Powder Bed Fusion process (LPBF) with single and multiple lasers, which represent the benchmark solution currently on the market. A comprehensive techno-economical comparison is presented where the two processes are analysed in terms of process capabilities (quality, easiness of use, setup time, range of possible materials, etc.) and costs, considering two different production scenarios and different parts’ geometries. In the first scenario, the AM system is assumed to be dedicated to one single part production while in this second scenario, the AM system is assumed to be saturated, as devoted to producing a wide mix of part types. For each scenario, two different part types made of 17–4 PH stainless steel are considered as a reference to investigate the effect of shape complexity, part size and production times to select the best technology when metal FFF and LPBF must be considered. The first part type refers to an extrusion die, to represent typical shapes of interest in the tooling industry, while the second part type is an impeller which can be used in many different industrial sectors, ranging from oil and gas to aerospace. In order to include quantitative and qualitative criteria, a decision-making model based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is proposed as the enabler tool for decision making. The proposed approach allows to determine the most effective solution depending on the different production configurations and part types and can be used as a guideline and extended to include other technologies in the field of metal AM. On the other side, the critical discussion of the criteria selected, and the results achieved allow to highlight the pros and cons of the competing technologies, thus defining the existing limits to define directions for future research.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Evaluation of image segmentation and multi class object recognition algorithm based on machine learning
Authors: Zhang Le 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper mainly updates the image segmentation and multi-target recognition algorithm through the support vector machine algorithm in ML, and verifies the reliability of the new proposed algorithm through simulation experiments, and determines that the ML-based image segmentation and multi-target recognition algorithm can have stronger processing capability in image recognition and processing. Finally, the performance of traditional image segmentation and multi class object recognition algorithms and the image segmentation and multi class object recognition algorithms proposed in this paper were compared through experiments. The results showed that the performance of the ML based image segmentation and multi class object recognition algorithms proposed in this paper has increased by 29.1% on average in all aspects.
A Design of the Real-Time Simulation for Wind Turbine Modeling with Machine Learning
Authors: Kim Jeong-Hwan , Park Rae-Jin , Kang Sungwoo , Cho Seokheon , Jung Seungmin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPower system operators have recently introduced some AI-based techniques in load prediction, fault diagnosis, scheduling, and maintenance. Operators require a grid analysis that includes wind turbines to mitigate impacts by environmental factors. Among them, a method for modeling wind turbines that reflects the dynamic characteristics and their output characteristics is receiving attention. Recently, a data-based power curve modeling method has been adopted for a simplified model that characteristics as much as possible. However, the simplified EMT simulation is difficult to reflect the output characteristics according to nonlinear wind conditions accurately. This paper proposes a wind turbine model based on artificial neural network techniques using real supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) data from a wind farm. The proposed strategy derive the similar to real output value through the trained wind turbine model in various wind scenarios. For the verification of the proposed strategy, the case study was conducted using a real-time digital simulator (RTDS).
Olympic Class Sailing Injuries and Illness: A 15-Year Study of a World Cup Regatta Venue
Authors: Landsberg Carolyn M. , Hunt Shawn E. 
Published: April 2023

Introduction Olympic class sailing injuries are a minimally researched topic. Our study includes 15 y of data from medical coverage of the Miami venue during the Sailing World Cup. The objective was to examine the nature of Olympic class sailing injuries and illnesses during competition. Methods The records of the medical clinic encounters of a World Cup Sailing regatta were reviewed. Summary statistics and nominal categorized data regarding demographics, onset, mechanism, nature of condition, and referral were collected. Results There were 740 clinic encounters, ranging from 20 to 70 annually. Five hundred fifty-five (75%) were musculoskeletal in nature, and 184 (25%) were related to medical concerns. Twelve athletes were referred to the emergency department (ED), averaging <1 per year. However, 6 (50%) of the ED referrals came from NACRA 17, 49er, and 49er F-X classes, representing a 16% ED referral rate by fleet per year. In contrast, the remainder of the classes had a 0.04% ED referral rate. The lumbar spine, cervical spine, and foot/ankle were the most common body regions treated. Laser Radial sailors had 71(10%) visits, the most per class. Coaches and staff represented 59 (8%) visits. Conclusions Olympic class sailing venue medical coverage should be equipped to treat a variety of acute and chronic injuries and illnesses among athletes as well as coaches and staff. Overall, rates of ED or other off-site referrals are low but higher for 49er, 49er F-X, and North American Catamaran Racing Association (NACRA)-17 classes.
Party Affiliation, District-Level Incentives and the Use of Parliamentary Questions in Chile's Presidential Democracy
Authors: Mimica Nicolás , Navia Patricio , Cárcamo Ignacio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe issuance of parliamentary questions (PQ) in presidential democracies reflects an effort to connect with the electoral constituency to advance the legislator's career. We postulate six hypotheses on the association between party affiliation, career advancement and district-level incentives and the issuance of PQs in Chile's presidential multiparty democracy. We test them using a novel dataset containing 68,424 inquiries (oficios legislativos) issued by Chamber of Deputies legislators in three legislative terms (2006–2018). Though district-level variables play a role in the issuance of PQs, incentives of political ambition do not. As opposition coalition legislators make more use of PQs than ruling coalition legislators, there is preliminary evidence to associate PQs with a possible oversight role.
Approaching the coupon collector’s problem with group drawings via Stein’s method
Authors: Betken Carina , Thäle Christoph 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe study the coupon collector’s problem with group drawings. Assume there are n different coupons. At each time precisely s of the n coupons are drawn, where all choices are supposed to have equal probability. The focus lies on the fluctuations, as
$n\to\infty$
, of the number
$Z_{n,s}(k_n)$
of coupons that have not been drawn in the first
$k_n$
drawings. Using a size-biased coupling construction together with Stein’s method for normal approximation, a quantitative central limit theorem for
$Z_{n,s}(k_n)$
is shown for the case that
$k_n=({n/s})(\alpha\log(n)+x)$
, where
$0<\alpha<1$
and
$x\in\mathbb{R}$
. The same coupling construction is used to retrieve a quantitative Poisson limit theorem in the boundary case
$\alpha=1$
, again using Stein’s method.
Diasporic Consciousness in African Immigrants’ Support for #BlackLivesMatter
Authors: Alao Temi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe goal of this research is to provide a diaspora-centered analysis of Black identity politics by illustrating how African populations navigate their diasporic identities and imposed racial boundaries when engaging with social movements like #BlackLivesMatter. Extending scholarship on Black immigration and Black politics, the present study highlights the processes by which racial histories, U.S. racial hierarchies, and gender hegemony guide African immigrants’ and children of African immigrants’ individual conceptions of Blackness as well as their political engagements. Using a qualitative design (N = 28 semi-structured interviews), I examine first-, 1.5-, and second-generation Africans’ connections to #BlackLivesMatter, a racial justice social movement mobilized in response to the police killings of African American men and women. Findings illustrate that while all participants express an implicit connection to #BlackLivesMatter by drawing attention to the visual aspects of their superordinate Black racial identity, there are certain sources ofdiasporic fragmentationthat lead to racial distancing, intraracial group contention, and subsequent disconnections from the movement. Deconstructing the notion of Black political behavior as homogeneous, findings also suggest that political solidarity does not require uniformity in interests: when engaging in collective action, it is possible to express racial linked fate while also expressing substantial differences in culture and knowledge systems.
Deriving Sea Subsurface Temperature Fields From Satellite Remote Sensing Data Using a Generative Adversarial Network Model
Authors: Zhang Jiali , Ning Pengfei , Zhang Xuefeng , Wang Xidong , Zhang Anmin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAccurately inverting global and regional subsurface temperature (ST) by multisource satellite observations is a challenging but hot topic. This study proposes a new method to invert daily ST from the sea surface information in China's marginal seas based on generative adversarial network (GAN) model. The proposed GAN‐based model can project the STs from sea surface information (SLA, SSTA, SST) with a high resolution of 1/12°. A traditional regression‐based model, Modular Ocean Data Assimilation System (MODAS), is set up same experiments for comparison. The results show that the averaged root mean square error results are less than 1.45°C in the upper 200 m and the highest averaged R2 of 0.97 at the 70 m level, which is better than that of MODAS. Errors analysis and typical oceanographic phenomena analysis results show the superiority of the proposed GAN‐based model in this study. This study can provide high‐precision daily ST data from sea surface information, which can be expanded to further studies on the interior ocean variation characteristics.
Variations in Volcanism and Tectonics Along the Hotspot‐Influenced Reykjanes Ridge
Authors: Le Saout M. , Pałgan D. , Devey C. W. , Lux T. S. , Petersen S. , Thorhallsson D. , Tomkowicz A. , Brix S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMapping and sampling four sections of the slow‐spreading Reykjanes Ridge provide insight into how tectonic and volcanic activity varies with distance from the Iceland plume. The studied areas are characterized by significant variations in water depth, lava chemistry, crustal thickness, thermal structure, and ridge morphology. For each study area, fault pattern and dimension, tectonic strain, seamount morphology, and density are inferred from 15 m‐resolution bathymetry. These observations are combined with geochemical analysis from glass samples and sediment thickness estimations along Remotely Operated Vehicle‐dive videos. They reveal that (a) tectonic and volcanic activity along the Reykjanes Ridge, do not systematically vary with distance from the plume center. (b) The tectonic geometry appears directly related to the deepening of the brittle/ductile transition and the maximum change in tectonic strain related to the rapid change in crustal thickness and the transition between axial‐high and axial valley (∼59.5°N). (c) Across‐axis variations in the fault density and sediment thickness provide similar widths for the neo‐volcanic zone except in regions of increased seamount emplacement. (d) The variations in seamount density (especially strong for flat‐topped seamounts) are not related to the distance from the plume but appear to be correlated with the interaction between the V‐shape ridges (VSR) flanking the ridge and the ridge axis. These observations are more compatible with the buoyant upwelling melting instability hypothesis for VSR formation and suggest that buoyant melting instabilities create many small magma batches which by‐pass the normal subaxial magmatic plumbing system, erupting over a wider‐than‐normal area.
Manufacturing an Exact Solution for 2D Thermochemical Mantle Convection Models
Authors: Trim S. J. , Butler S. L. , McAdam S. S. C. , Spiteri R. J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this study, we manufacture an exact solution for a set of 2D thermochemical mantle convection problems. The derivation begins with the specification of a stream function corresponding to a non‐stationary velocity field. The method of characteristics is then applied to determine an expression for composition consistent with the velocity field. The stream function formulation of the Stokes equation is then applied to solve for temperature. The derivation concludes with the application of the advection‐diffusion equation for temperature to solve for the internal heating rate consistent with the velocity, composition, and temperature solutions. Due to the large number of terms, the internal heating rate is computed using Maple™, and code is also made available in Fortran and Python. Using the method of characteristics allows the compositional transport equation to be solved without the addition of diffusion or source terms. As a result, compositional interfaces remain sharp throughout time and space in the exact solution. The exact solution presented allows for precision testing of thermochemical convection codes for correctness and accuracy.
Dominant Role of Arctic Dust With High Ice Nucleating Ability in the Arctic Lower Troposphere
Authors: Kawai Kei , Matsui Hitoshi , Tobo Yutaka 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRecent observations show that dust emitted within the Arctic (Arctic dust) has a remarkably high ice nucleating ability, especially between −20°C and −5°C, but its impacts on the number concentrations of ice nucleating particles (INPs) and radiative balance in the Arctic are not well understood. Here we incorporate an observation‐based ice‐nucleation parameterization indicating the high ice nucleating ability of Arctic dust into a global aerosol‐climate model. A simulation using this parameterization better reproduces INP observations in the Arctic and estimates >100 times higher dust INP number concentrations with ∼100% contribution from Arctic dust in the Arctic lower troposphere (>60°N and >700 hPa) during summer and fall (June–November) than a simulation applying a standard ice‐nucleation parameterization suitable for desert dust to Arctic dust. Our results demonstrate the importance of considering an ice‐nucleation parameterization suitable for Arctic dust when simulating INPs and their effects on aerosol‐cloud interactions in the Arctic.
Lake Level Changes and Holocene Extension Rate Across the NS‐Trending Peiku Co‐Gyirong Faults, Southern Tibet
Authors: Li Kang , Xu Xiwei , Tapponnier Paul , Kang Wenjun , Wang Shiguang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPrecise studies of Quaternary extension rates across NS‐trending normal faults in southern Tibet are important to understand the recent tectonic evolution of the high plateau. As one of the six main, southernmost Tibetan rifts, the ∼NS‐trending Peiku Co‐Gyirong rifts and intervening horst (PGR), co‐involve the west‐dipping Gyirong normal fault (GF) and the east‐dipping Peiku Co normal faults (PKF). Using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) high‐resolution topographic data, 14C dating of lake shorelines, and 10Be cosmogenic exposure dating of alluvial surfaces, we assess the offsets and constrain the ages of fans and lake level variations at four sites along these rift faults. Across the PKF's southern segment, our measurements at three sites are consistent with offsets of ∼4.7–6.5 m during the last ∼12.3 ka. Across the GF, a larger total offset of ∼8.5 m accrued since ∼10.4 ka. Using the average, exposed, 60° dip angle of the PKF implies a total Holocene EW extension rate of 0.72 ± 0.08 mm/yr across the PGR. Overall, our results are in keeping with published extension rates of ∼0.6–1.7 mm/yr across other southern Tibetan rifts, supporting the inference that the total, ≈EW, late Quaternary extension rate throughout southern Tibet is 9 ± 2 mm/yr. That there has been no surface faulting since at least ∼6.9 ka implies that the Gyirong County area, west of Peiku Co, may be at risk of Mw ≈ 6.9? event.