bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of burst properties between FRB 20190520B and FRB 20121102A
Authors: Lyu Fen , Liang En-Wei 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
A comparative analysis of the individual bursts between FRB 20190520B and FRB 20121102A is presented by compiling a sample of bursts in multiple wavelengths. It is found that the peak frequency (νp) distribution of the bursts of FRB 20190520B illustrates four discrete peaks in ∼1–6 GHz and their spectral width distribution can be fitted with a lognormal function peaking at 0.35 GHz. The discrete νp distribution and the narrow-banded spectral feature are analogous to FRB 20121102A. The burst duration of FRB 20190520B in the rest frame averages to 10.72 ms, longer than that of FRB 20121102A by a factor 3. The specific energy $\left(E_{\rm\mu_{\rm c}}\right)$ at 1.25 GHz of FRB 20190520B observed with the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope narrowly ranges in [0.4, 1] × 1038 erg, different from the bimodal $E_{\rm \mu _{\rm c}}$ distribution of FRB 20121102A. Assuming a Gaussian spectral profile of the bursts, our Monte Carlo simulation analysis suggests that a power law (PL) or a cut-off power-law (CPL) energy function can comparably reproduce the $E_{\rm \mu _{\rm c}}$ distribution of FRB 20190520B. The derived energy function index of the PL model is 4.46 ± 0.17, much steeper than that of FRB 20121102A ($1.82^{+0.10}_{-0.30}$ ). For the CPL model, we obtain an index of 0.47 and a cut-off energy of 7.4 × 1037 erg. Regarding the predicted νp distribution in 1–2 GHz, the CPL model is more preferred than the PL model. These results indicate that FRB 20190520B and FRB 20121102A share similar spectral properties, but their energy functions are intrinsically different.
A variational encoder–decoder approach to precise spectroscopic age estimation for large Galactic surveys
Authors: Leung Henry W , Bovy Jo , Mackereth J Ted , Miglio Andrea 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Constraints on the formation and evolution of the Milky Way Galaxy require multidimensional measurements of kinematics, abundances, and ages for a large population of stars. Ages for luminous giants, which can be seen to large distances, are an essential component of studies of the Milky Way, but they are traditionally very difficult to estimate precisely for a large data set and often require careful analysis on a star-by-star basis in asteroseismology. Because spectra are easier to obtain for large samples, being able to determine precise ages from spectra allows for large age samples to be constructed, but spectroscopic ages are often imprecise and contaminated by abundance correlations. Here we present an application of a variational encoder–decoder on cross-domain astronomical data to solve these issues. The model is trained on pairs of observations from APOGEE and Kepler of the same star in order to reduce the dimensionality of the APOGEE spectra in a latent space while removing abundance information. The low dimensional latent representation of these spectra can then be trained to predict age with just ∼1000 precise seismic ages. We demonstrate that this model produces more precise spectroscopic ages ($\sim 22~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ overall, $\sim 11~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for red-clump stars) than previous data-driven spectroscopic ages while being less contaminated by abundance information (in particular, our ages do not depend on [α/M]). We create a public age catalogue for the APOGEE DR17 data set and use it to map the age distribution and the age-[Fe/H]-[α/M] distribution across the radial range of the Galactic disc.
2D k-th nearest neighbour statistics: a highly informative probe of galaxy clustering
Authors: Yuan Sihan , Zamora Alvaro , Abel Tom 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Beyond standard summary statistics are necessary to summarize the rich information on non-linear scales in the era of precision galaxy clustering measurements. For the first time, we introduce the 2D k-th nearest neighbour (kNN) statistics as a summary statistic for discrete galaxy fields. This is a direct generalization of the standard 1D kNN by disentangling the projected galaxy distribution from the redshift-space distortion signature along the line-of-sight. We further introduce two different flavours of 2D kNNs that trace different aspects of the galaxy field: the standard flavour which tabulates the distances between galaxies and random query points, and a ‘DD’ flavour that tabulates the distances between galaxies and galaxies. We showcase the 2D kNNs’ strong constraining power both through theoretical arguments and by testing on realistic galaxy mocks. Theoretically, we show that 2D kNNs are computationally efficient and directly generate other statistics such as the popular two-point correlation function (2PCF), voids probability function, and counts-in-cell statistics. In a more practical test, we apply the 2D kNN statistics to simulated galaxy mocks that fold in a large range of observational realism and recover parameters of the underlying extended halo occupation distribution (HOD) model that includes velocity bias and galaxy assembly bias. We find unbiased and significantly tighter constraints on all aspects of the HOD model with the 2D kNNs, both compared to the standard 1D kNN, and the classical redshift-space 2PCF.
Allosteric regulation and crystallographic fragment screening of SARS-CoV-2 NSP15 endoribonuclease
Authors: Godoy Andre Schutzer , Nakamura Aline Minalli , Douangamath Alice , Song Yun , Noske Gabriela Dias , Gawriljuk Victor Oliveira , Fernandes Rafaela Sachetto , Pereira Humberto D Muniz , Oliveira Ketllyn Irene Zagato , Fearon Daren , Dias Alexandre , Krojer Tobias , Fairhead Michael , Powell Alisa , Dunnet Louise , Brandao-Neto Jose , Skyner Rachael , Chalk Rod , Bajusz Dávid , Bege Miklós , Borbás Anikó , Keserű György Miklós , von Delft Frank , Oliva Glaucius 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The NSP15 endoribonuclease enzyme, known as NendoU, is highly conserved and plays a critical role in the ability of the virus to evade the immune system. NendoU is a promising target for the development of new antiviral drugs. However, the complexity of the enzyme's structure and kinetics, along with the broad range of recognition sequences and lack of structural complexes, hampers the development of inhibitors. Here, we performed enzymatic characterization of NendoU in its monomeric and hexameric form, showing that hexamers are allosteric enzymes with a positive cooperative index, and with no influence of manganese on enzymatic activity. Through combining cryo-electron microscopy at different pHs, X-ray crystallography and biochemical and structural analysis, we showed that NendoU can shift between open and closed forms, which probably correspond to active and inactive states, respectively. We also explored the possibility of NendoU assembling into larger supramolecular structures and proposed a mechanism for allosteric regulation. In addition, we conducted a large fragment screening campaign against NendoU and identified several new allosteric sites that could be targeted for the development of new inhibitors. Overall, our findings provide insights into the complex structure and function of NendoU and offer new opportunities for the development of inhibitors.
Roles of the leader-trailer helix and antitermination complex in biogenesis of the 30S ribosomal subunit
Authors: Warner Benjamin R , Bundschuh Ralf , Fredrick Kurt 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRibosome biogenesis occurs co-transcriptionally and entails rRNA folding, ribosomal protein binding, rRNA processing, and rRNA modification. In most bacteria, the 16S, 23S and 5S rRNAs are co-transcribed, often with one or more tRNAs. Transcription involves a modified RNA polymerase, called the antitermination complex, which forms in response to cis-acting elements (boxB, boxA and boxC) in the nascent pre-rRNA. Sequences flanking the rRNAs are complementary and form long helices known as leader-trailer helices. Here, we employed an orthogonal translation system to interrogate the functional roles of these RNA elements in 30S subunit biogenesis in Escherichia coli. Mutations that disrupt the leader-trailer helix caused complete loss of translation activity, indicating that this helix is absolutely essential for active subunit formation in the cell. Mutations of boxA also reduced translation activity, but by only 2- to 3-fold, suggesting a smaller role for the antitermination complex. Similarly modest drops in activity were seen upon deletion of either or both of two leader helices, termed here hA and hB. Interestingly, subunits formed in the absence of these leader features exhibited defects in translational fidelity. These data suggest that the antitermination complex and precursor RNA elements help to ensure quality control during ribosome biogenesis.
Prediction of cooperative homeodomain DNA binding sites from high-throughput-SELEX data
Authors: Cain Brittany , Webb Jordan , Yuan Zhenyu , Cheung David , Lim Hee-Woong , Kovall Rhett A , Weirauch Matthew T , Gebelein Brian 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Homeodomain proteins constitute one of the largest families of metazoan transcription factors. Genetic studies have demonstrated that homeodomain proteins regulate many developmental processes. Yet, biochemical data reveal that most bind highly similar DNA sequences. Defining how homeodomain proteins achieve DNA binding specificity has therefore been a long-standing goal. Here, we developed a novel computational approach to predict cooperative dimeric binding of homeodomain proteins using High-Throughput (HT) SELEX data. Importantly, we found that 15 of 88 homeodomain factors form cooperative homodimer complexes on DNA sites with precise spacing requirements. Approximately one third of the paired-like homeodomain proteins cooperatively bind palindromic sequences spaced 3 bp apart, whereas other homeodomain proteins cooperatively bind sites with distinct orientation and spacing requirements. Combining structural models of a paired-like factor with our cooperativity predictions identified key amino acid differences that help differentiate between cooperative and non-cooperative factors. Finally, we confirmed predicted cooperative dimer sites in vivo using available genomic data for a subset of factors. These findings demonstrate how HT-SELEX data can be computationally mined to predict cooperativity. In addition, the binding site spacing requirements of select homeodomain proteins provide a mechanism by which seemingly similar AT-rich DNA sequences can preferentially recruit specific homeodomain factors.
The sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin ameliorates the fluid-retaining effect of the endothelin A receptor antagonist zibotentan
Authors: Veenit Vandana , Heerspink Hiddo J L , Ahlström Christine , Greasley Peter J , Skritic Stanko , van Zuydam Natalie , Kohan Donald E , Hansen Pernille B L , Menzies Robert I 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Endothelin A receptor antagonists (ETARA) slow chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression but their use is limited due to fluid retention and associated clinical risks. Sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) cause osmotic diuresis and improve clinical outcomes in CKD and heart failure. We hypothesized that co-administration of the SGLT2i dapagliflozin with the ETARA zibotentan would mitigate the fluid retention risk using hematocrit (Hct) and bodyweight as proxies for fluid retention.

Methods
Experiments were performed in 4% salt fed WKY rats. First, we determined the effect of zibotentan (30, 100 or 300 mg/kg/day) on Hct and bodyweight. Second, we assessed the effect of zibotentan (30 or 100 mg/kg/day) alone or in combination with dapagliflozin (3 mg/kg/day) on Hct and bodyweight.

Results
Hct at Day 7 was lower in zibotentan versus vehicle groups [zibotentan 30 mg/kg/day, 43% (standard error 1); 100 mg/kg/day, 42% (1); and 300 mg/kg/day, 42% (1); vs vehicle, 46% (1); P &lt; .05], while bodyweight was numerically higher in all zibotentan groups compared with vehicle. Combining zibotentan with dapagliflozin for 7 days prevented the change in Hct [zibotentan 100 mg/kg/day and dapagliflozin, 45% (1); vs vehicle 46% (1); P = .44] and prevented the zibotentan-driven increase in bodyweight (zibotentan 100 mg/kg/day + dapagliflozin 3 mg/kg/day = –3.65 g baseline corrected bodyweight change; P = .15).

Conclusions
Combining ETARA with SGLT2i prevents ETARA-induced fluid retention, supporting clinical studies to assess the efficacy and safety of combining zibotentan and dapagliflozin in individuals with CKD.
Mitogen-induced defective mitosis transforms neural progenitor cells
Authors: Omairi Hiba K , Grisdale Cameron J , Meode Mathieu , Bohm Alexandra K , Black Sophie , Adam Nancy J , Chapman Cassidy P , Maroilley Tatiana , Kelly John J , Tarailo-Graovac Maja , Jones Steven J M , Blough Michael D , Cairncross John Gregory 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Chromosome instability (CIN) with recurrent copy number alterations is a feature of many solid tumors, including glioblastoma (GBM), yet the genes that regulate cell division are rarely mutated in cancers. Here, we show that the brain-abundant mitogen, platelet-derived growth factor-A (PDGFA) fails to induce the expression of kinetochore and spindle assembly checkpoint genes leading to defective mitosis in neural progenitor cells (NPCs).

Methods
Using a recently reported in vitro model of the initiation of high-grade gliomas from murine NPCs, we investigated the immediate effects of PDGFA exposure on the nuclear and mitotic phenotypes and patterns of gene and protein expression in NPCs, a putative GBM cell of origin.

Results
NPCs divided abnormally in defined media containing PDGFA with P53-dependent effects. In wild-type cells, defective mitosis was associated with P53 activation and cell death, but in some null cells, defective mitosis was tolerated. Surviving cells had unstable genomes and proliferated in the presence of PDGFA accumulating random and clonal chromosomal rearrangements. The outcome of this process was a population of tumorigenic NPCs with recurrent gains and losses of chromosomal regions that were syntenic to those recurrently gained and lost in human GBM. By stimulating proliferation without setting the stage for successful mitosis, PDGFA-transformed NPCs lacking P53 function.

Conclusions
Our work describes a mechanism of transformation of NPCs by a brain-associated mitogen, raising the possibility that the unique genomic architecture of GBM is an adaptation to defective mitosis that ensures the survival of affected cells.
The “Serial Generation”
Authors: Borio Gianmario 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Often praised or rejected for its technicity, serialism should not be situated only within the field of compositional techniques or through its ideological background, but rather considered as an attitude toward composition that involved a great number of composers born in the 1920s. A comparative reading of philological studies and of the sources related to the compositional process sheds light on the operational horizon of the “serial generation” that goes beyond the stylistic peculiarities of each one of its members. In order to substantiate this hypothesis, this chapter shows that these composers elevated music analysis and theoretical thinking to permanent components of their creativity, which can be observed in both the editorial and analytical stakes of their working method. Finally, the chapter demonstrates that the new listening experience was an essential part of their aesthetic project.
An artificial intelligence-powered, patient-centric digital tool for self-management of chronic pain: a prospective, multicenter clinical trial
Authors: Barreveld Antje M , Rosén Klement Maria L , Cheung Sophia , Axelsson Ulrika , Basem Jade I , Reddy Anika S , Borrebaeck Carl A K , Mehta Neel 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective
To investigate how a behavioral health, artificial intelligence (AI)-powered, digital self-management tool affects the daily functions in adults with chronic back and neck pain.

Design
Eligible subjects were enrolled in a 12-week prospective, multicenter, single-arm, open-label study and instructed to use the digital coach daily. Primary outcome was a change in Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information Systems (PROMIS) scores for pain interference. Secondary outcomes were changes in PROMIS physical function, anxiety, depression, pain intensity scores and pain catastrophizing scale (PCS) scores.

Methods
Subjects logged daily activities, using PainDrainerTM, and data analyzed by the AI engine. Questionnaire and web-based data were collected at 6 and 12 weeks and compared to subjects’ baseline.

Results
Subjects completed the 6- (n = 41) and 12-week (n = 34) questionnaires. A statistically significant Minimal Important Difference (MID) for pain interference was demonstrated in 57.5% of the subjects. Similarly, MID for physical function was demonstrated in 72.5% of the subjects. A pre- to post-intervention improvement in depression score was also statistically significant, observed in 100% of subjects, as was the improvement in anxiety scores, evident in 81.3% of the subjects. PCS mean scores was also significantly decreased at 12 weeks.

Conclusion
Chronic pain self-management, using an AI-powered, digital coach anchored in behavioral health principles significantly improved subjects’ pain interference, physical function, depression, anxiety, and pain catastrophizing over the 12-week study period.
Problematic technology use and sleep quality in young adulthood: novel insights from a nationally representative twin study
Authors: Madrid-Valero Juan J , Matthews Timothy , Barclay Nicola L , Odgers Candice L , Moffitt Terrie E , Caspi Avshalom , Arseneault Louise , Gregory Alice M 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Study Objectives
Digital technology use is associated with poor sleep quality in adolescence and young adulthood although research findings have been mixed. No studies have addressed the association between the two using a genetically informative twin design which could extend our understanding of the etiology of this relationship. This study aimed to test: (1) the association between adolescents’ perceived problematic use of digital technology and poor sleep quality, (2) whether the association between problematic use of technology and poor sleep quality remains after controlling for familial factors, and (3) genetic and environmental influences on the association between problematic use of technology and poor sleep quality.

Methods
Participants were 2232 study members (18-year-old twins) of the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study. The sample was 48.9% male, 90% white, and 55.6% monozygotic. We conducted regression and twin difference analyses and fitted twin models.

Results
Twin differences for problematic use of technology were associated with differences for poor sleep quality in the whole sample (p &lt; 0.001; B = 0.15) and also when we limited the analyses to identical twins only (p &lt; 0.001; B = 0.21). We observed a substantial genetic correlation between problematic use of technology and sleep quality (rA = 0.31), whereas the environmental correlation was lower (rE = 0.16).

Conclusions
Adolescent reported problematic use of digital technology is associated with poor sleep quality—even after controlling for familial factors including genetic confounds. Our results suggest that the association between adolescents’ sleep and problematic digital technology use is not accounted for by shared genetic liability or familial factors but could reflect a causal association. This robust association needs to be examined in future research designed to test causal associations.
Pain Management Interventions for the Treatment of Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Mekhail Nagy , Eldabe Sam , Templeton Erin , Costandi Shrif , Rosenquist Richard 
Published: April 2023

Objective:
Determine the relative effectiveness and safety profiles of percutaneous and minimally invasive interventions for chronic low back pain.

Methods:
A systematic search was performed for randomized controlled trials published in the past 20 years reporting on radiofrequency ablation of the basivertebral, disk annulus and facet nerve structures, steroid injection of the disk, facet joint, and medial branch, biological therapies, and multifidus muscle stimulation. Outcomes evaluated included Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain scores, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores, quality of life (SF-36 and EQ-5D) scores, and serious adverse event (SAE) rates. Basivertebral nerve (BVN) ablation was chosen as the subject of comparison to all other therapies using a random-effects meta-analysis.

Results:
Twenty-seven studies were included. BVN ablation was found to provide statistically significant improvements in VAS and ODI scores for 6-, 12- and 24-month follow-up (P≤0.05). Biological therapy and multifidus muscle stimulation were the only 2 treatments with both VAS and ODI outcomes not significantly different from BVN ablation at 6-, 12-, and 24-month follow-up. All outcomes found to be statistically significant represented inferior results to those of BVN ablation. Insufficient data precluded meaningful comparisons of SF-36 and EQ-5D scores. The SAE rates for all therapies and all reported time points were not significantly different from BVN ablation except for biological therapy and multifidus muscle stimulation at the 6-month follow-up.

Conclusions:
BVN ablation, biological therapy, and multifidus stimulation all provide significant, durable improvements in both pain and disability compared with other interventions, which provided only short-term pain relief. Studies on BVN ablation reported no SAEs, a significantly better result than for studies of biological therapy and multifidus stimulation.
Human leucocyte antigen-B27 testing in clinical practice: a global perspective
Authors: Ziade Nelly 
Published: April 2023

Purpose of review
The association between human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 and spondyloarthritis (SpA) was described half a century ago. New insights about pathophysiologic pathways and their role in bone formation were reported in recent years and will be discussed in this review.

Recent findings
There is a considerable variation in the association between HLA-B27 and SpA across the globe, with the strongest association reported in populations of Northern European and Asian descent and the lowest in the Middle East and Africa. Other genes are also involved in disease susceptibility, highlighting the importance of newly proposed weighted genetic scores to support the diagnosis. On the global level, the interaction between genetic background and gut dysbiosis seems critical for disease predisposition. As for the individual patient, the presence of HLA-B27 can have a significant influence on SpA diagnosis and disease phenotype. More importantly, new studies suggested a role for HLA-B27 in radiographic damage in the sacroiliac joints and the progression of bone formation in the spine.

Summary
Findings in recent years have enhanced our understanding of the role of HLA-B27 in the pathophysiology and in disease-related bone formation in SpA, which may pave the way for new therapeutic targets.