bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of time profile of FEV1 across the onset of potential COPD: a retrospective cohort study using medical checkup data in Japan
Authors: Suzuki Masaru , Matsumoto Isao , Ishida Masato , Horie Yoshiharu , Ban Hideyuki , Takeuchi Wataru , Nakagawa Shunki , Nakagawa Tohru , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Muro Shigeo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study compared the time profile of FEV1 after COPD diagnosis among rapid decliners, slow decliners, and sustainers in the year of COPD diagnosis. COPD subjects were identified from the annual medical checkup records of Hitachi, Ltd., employees in Japan (April 1998-March 2019). Subjects were categorized into 3 groups (rapid decliner [decrease of FEV1 ≥ 63 mL/year], slow decliner [< 63 and ≥ 31 mL/year], and sustainer [< 31 mL/year]) for 5 years. The time profile of FEV1 was compared using mixed-effects model for 5 years after diagnosis; risk factors of rapid decliner were detected using logistic model/gradient boosting decision tree. Of 1294 eligible subjects, 18.6%, 25.7%, and 55.7% were classified as rapid decliners, slow decliners, and sustainers, respectively. The annual rates of FEV1 decline were similar 3 years before and until COPD diagnosis. The mean FEV1 in rapid decliners was 2.82 ± 0.04 L in year 0 and 2.41 ± 0.05 L in year 5, and in sustainers, it was 2.67 ± 0.02 L and 2.72 ± 0.02 L (year 0, p = 0.0004). In conclusion, FEV1 declined yearly before diagnosis and the time profiles of FEV1 were different in the 3 groups after COPD diagnosis. Therefore, appropriate treatment of the 3 groups with regular lung function tests is necessary to follow FEV1 decline after COPD onset.
A dynamically coherent pattern of rhythms that matches between distant species across the evolutionary scale
Authors: Kembro J. M. , Flesia A. G. , Nieto P. S. , Caliva J. M. , Lloyd D. , Cortassa S. , Aon M. A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe address the temporal organization of circadian and ultradian rhythms, crucial for understanding biological timekeeping in behavior, physiology, metabolism, and alignment with geophysical time. Using a newly developed five-steps wavelet-based approach to analyze high-resolution time series of metabolism in yeast cultures and spontaneous movement, metabolism, and feeding behavior in mice, rats, and quails, we describe a dynamically coherent pattern of rhythms spanning over a broad range of temporal scales (hours to minutes). The dynamic pattern found shares key features among the four, evolutionary distant, species analyzed. Specifically, a branching appearance given by splitting periods from 24 h into 12 h, 8 h and below in mammalian and avian species, or from 14 h down to 0.07 h in yeast. Scale-free fluctuations with long-range correlations prevail below ~ 4 h. Synthetic time series modeling support a scenario of coexisting behavioral rhythms, with circadian and ultradian rhythms at the center of the emergent pattern observed.
Analysis of fatality impact and seroprevalence surveys in a community sustaining a SARS-CoV-2 superspreading event
Authors: Richter Enrico , Liebl Dominik , Schulte Bianca , Lehmann Nils , Fuhrmann Christine , Jöckel Karl-Heinz , Ioannidis John P. A. , Streeck Hendrik 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThere is an ongoing debate on the COVID-19 infection fatality rate (IFR) and the impact of COVID-19 on overall population mortality. Here, we addressed these issues in a community in Germany with a major superspreader event analyzing deaths over time and auditing death certificates in the community.18 deaths that occurred within the first six months of the pandemic had a positive test for SARS-CoV-2. Six out of 18 deaths had non-COVID-19 related causes of death (COD). Individuals with COVID-19 COD typically died of respiratory failure (75%) and tended to have fewer reported comorbidities (p = 0.029). Duration between first confirmed infection and death was negatively associated with COVID-19 being COD (p = 0.04). Repeated seroprevalence essays in a cross-sectional epidemiological study showed modest increases in seroprevalence over time, and substantial seroreversion (30%). IFR estimates accordingly varied depending on COVID-19 death attribution. Careful ascertainment of COVID-19 deaths is important in understanding the impact of the pandemic.
Recellularized lymph node scaffolds with human adipose-derived stem cells enhance lymph node regeneration to improve lymphedema
Authors: Kang Hyo Jin , Moon Soo Young , Kim Baek-Kyu , Myung Yujin , Lee Ju-Hee , Jeong Jae Hoon 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo overcome the limitations of lymphedema treatment, human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) were injected into decellularized lymph nodes to produce a recellularized lymph node-scaffold, and the effect of lymphangiogenesis was investigated in lymphedema animal models. Axillary lymph nodes were harvested from Sprague Dawley rats (7 weeks old, 220–250 g) for decellularization. The decellularized lymph nodes were performed and PKH26-labeled hADSCs (1 × 106/50 µL) were injected in the decellularized lymph node-scaffolds. Forty rats were equally divided into four groups: lymphedema as control group, hADSC group, decellularized lymph node-scaffold group, and recellularized lymph node-scaffold group. The lymphedema model was made by removing inguinal lymph nodes, and hADSCs or scaffolds were transplanted. Histopathological assessments were performed by hematoxylin and eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining. Lymphangiogenesis was evaluated by Immunofluorescence staining and western blot. Decellularized lymph nodes showed virtually complete absence of cellular material and maintenance of lymph node architecture. The hADSCs were significantly observed in recellularized lymph node-scaffolds group. The recellularized lymph node-scaffold group was histologically similar to normal lymph nodes. The vascular endothelial growth factor A and lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE-1) in immunofluorescence staining were highly expressed in recellularized lymph node-scaffolds group. Also, the expression of LYVE-1 protein significantly increased in recellularized lymph node-scaffold group compared with others. Recellularized lymph node -scaffold had a much better therapeutic effect than stem cells or decellularized lymph node-scaffold alone, and induced stable lymphangiogenesis.
Impact of frailty on long-term mortality in older patients receiving intensive care via the emergency department
Authors: Inaba Mototaka , Naito Hiromichi , Yorifuji Takashi , Nakamichi Chikaaki , Maeyama Hiroki , Ishikawa Hideki , Shime Nobuaki , Uemori Sadayori , Ishihara Satoshi , Takaoka Makoto , Ohtsuka Tsuyoshi , Harada Masahiro , Nozaki Satoshi , Kohama Keisuke , Sakurai Ryota , Sato Shuho , Muramatsu Shun , Yamashita Kazunori , Mayumi Toshihiko , Aita Kaoruko , Nakao Atsunori ,   the LIFE Study Investigators, Mochizuki Satoshi , Itoh Hirofumi , Senda Asase , Otani Kana , Gon Chison , Taito Shunsuke , Ohnishi Takeshi , Taguchi Yuji , Miike Toru , Umeda Koki , Kondo Yuji , Arai Takao , Tsurukiri Junya , Masuda Kaoru 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate whether frailty was associated with 6-month mortality in older adults who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with an illness requiring emergency care. The investigation was a prospective, multi-center, observational study conducted among the ICUs of 17 participating hospitals. Patients ≥ 65 years of age who were admitted to the ICU directly from an emergency department visit were assessed to determine their baseline Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) scores before the illness and were surveyed 6 months after admission. Among 650 patients included in the study, the median age was 79 years old, and overall mortality at 6 months was as low as 21%, ranging from 6.2% in patients with CFS 1 to 42.9% in patients with CFS ≥ 7. When adjusted for potential confounders, CFS score was an independent prognostic factor for mortality (one-point increase in CFS, adjusted risk ratio with 95% confidence interval 1.19 [1.09–1.30]). Quality of life 6 months after admission worsened as baseline CFS score increased. However, there was no association between total hospitalization cost and baseline CFS. CFS is an important predictor of long-term outcomes among critically ill older patients requiring emergent admission.
Growth origin of large-scale fiberform nanostructures in He–W co-deposition environment
Authors: Hori Kenta , Kajita Shin , Zhang Rongshi , Tanaka Hirohiko , Ohno Noriyasu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhen tungsten (W) is deposited with helium (He) plasma (He–W co-deposition) on W surface, enhanced growth of fiberform nanostructure (fuzz) occurs, and sometimes it grows into large-scale fuzzy nanostructures (LFNs) thicker than 0.1 mm. In this study, different numbers of mesh opening (apertures) and W plates with nanotendril bundles (NTBs), which are tens of micrometers high nanofiber bundles, were used to investigate the condition for the origin of the LFN growth. It was found that the larger the mesh opening, the larger the area where LFNs are formed and the faster the formation tends to be. On NTB samples, it was found that NTBs grew significantly when exposed to He plasma with W deposition, especially when the size of the NTB reached $$\sim 0.1$$

∼
0.1

mm. The concentration of the He flux due to the distortion of the shape of the ion sheath is proposed as one of the reasons to explain the experimental results.
Genomic comparison of two Streptococcus suis serotype 1 strains recovered from porcine and human disease cases
Authors: Hatrongjit Rujirat , Fittipaldi Nahuel , Jenjaroenpun Piroon , Wongsurawat Thidathip , Visetnan Suwattana , Zheng Han , Gottschalk Marcelo , Kerdsin Anusak 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStreptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen that causes invasive infections in humans and pigs. Although S. suis serotype 2 strains are most prevalent worldwide, other serotypes are also occasionally detected. Herein, we investigated the genomes of two S. suis serotype 1 strains belonging to the clonal complex 1, which were recovered from a human patient and an asymptomatic pig, respectively. The genomes differed in pathotype, virulence-associated gene (VAG) profile, minimum core genome (MCG) typing, and antimicrobial resistance gene content. The porcine serotype 1 strain was sequence type (ST) 237 and MCG1, whereas the human serotype 1 strain was ST105 and MCG ungroupable. Both strains were susceptible to several antibiotics consisting of β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and chloramphenicol. Resistance to tetracycline, macrolides, and clindamycin was observed, which was attributed to the genes tet(O) and erm(B). Analysis of 99 VAG revealed Hhly3, NisK, NisR, salK/salR, srtG, virB4, and virD4 were absent in both serotype 1. However, the porcine strain lacked sadP (Streptococcal adhesin P), whereas the human strain harbored sadP1. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that human S. suis ST105 strains from Vietnam were genetically the closest to the human serotype 1 strain, whereas porcine S. suis ST11 strains from China and Thailand were genetically the closest to the porcine strain.
Prediction of dynamic allostery for the transmembrane domain of the sweet taste receptor subunit, TAS1R3
Authors: Sanematsu Keisuke , Yamamoto Masato , Nagasato Yuki , Kawabata Yuko , Watanabe Yu , Iwata Shusuke , Takai Shingo , Toko Kiyoshi , Matsui Toshiro , Wada Naohisa , Shigemura Noriatsu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe sweet taste receptor plays an essential role as an energy sensor by detecting carbohydrates. However, the dynamic mechanisms of receptor activation remain unclear. Here, we describe the interactions between the transmembrane domain of the G protein-coupled sweet receptor subunit, TAS1R3, and allosteric modulators. Molecular dynamics simulations reproduced species-specific sensitivity to ligands. We found that a human-specific sweetener, cyclamate, interacted with the mouse receptor as a negative allosteric modulator. Agonist-induced allostery during receptor activation was found to destabilize the intracellular part of the receptor, which potentially interfaces with the Gα subunit, through ionic lock opening. A common human variant (R757C) of the TAS1R3 exhibited a reduced response to sweet taste, in support of our predictions. Furthermore, histidine residues in the binding site acted as pH-sensitive microswitches to modulate the sensitivity to saccharin. This study provides important insights that may facilitate the prediction of dynamic activation mechanisms for other G protein-coupled receptors.
Sub-millisecond conformational dynamics of the A2A adenosine receptor revealed by single-molecule FRET
Authors: Maslov Ivan , Volkov Oleksandr , Khorn Polina , Orekhov Philipp , Gusach Anastasiia , Kuzmichev Pavel , Gerasimov Andrey , Luginina Aleksandra , Coucke Quinten , Bogorodskiy Andrey , Gordeliy Valentin , Wanninger Simon , Barth Anders , Mishin Alexey , Hofkens Johan , Cherezov Vadim , Gensch Thomas , Hendrix Jelle , Borshchevskiy Valentin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe complex pharmacology of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is defined by their multi-state conformational dynamics. Single-molecule Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (smFRET) is well suited to quantify dynamics for individual protein molecules; however, its application to GPCRs is challenging. Therefore, smFRET has been limited to studies of inter-receptor interactions in cellular membranes and receptors in detergent environments. Here, we performed smFRET experiments on functionally active human A2Aadenosine receptor (A2AAR) molecules embedded in freely diffusing lipid nanodiscs to study their intramolecular conformational dynamics. We propose a dynamic model of A2AAR activation that involves a slow (>2 ms) exchange between the active-like and inactive-like conformations in both apo and antagonist-bound A2AAR, explaining the receptor’s constitutive activity. For the agonist-bound A2AAR, we detected faster (390 ± 80 µs) ligand efficacy-dependent dynamics. Our work establishes a general smFRET platform for GPCR investigations that can potentially be used for drug screening and/or mechanism-of-action studies.
WSSV exploits AMPK to activate mTORC2 signaling for proliferation by enhancing aerobic glycolysis
Authors: Zhang Peng , Fu Hai-Jing , Lv Li-Xia , Liu Chen-Fei , Han Chang , Zhao Xiao-Fan , Wang Jin-Xing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAMPK plays significant roles in the modulation of metabolic reprogramming and viral infection. However, the detailed mechanism by which AMPK affects viral infection is unclear. The present study aims to determine how AMPK influences white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection in shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus). Here, we find that AMPK expression and phosphorylation are significantly upregulated in WSSV-infected shrimp. WSSV replication decreases remarkably after knockdown of Ampkα and the shrimp survival rate of AMPK-inhibitor injection shrimp increases significantly, suggesting that AMPK is beneficial for WSSV proliferation. Mechanistically, WSSV infection increases intracellular Ca2+ level, and activates CaMKK, which result in AMPK phosphorylation and partial nuclear translocation. AMPK directly activates mTORC2-AKT signaling pathway to phosphorylate key enzymes of glycolysis in the cytosol and promotes expression of Hif1α to mediate transcription of key glycolytic enzyme genes, both of which lead to increased glycolysis to provide energy for WSSV proliferation. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism by which WSSV exploits the host CaMKK-AMPK-mTORC2 pathway for its proliferation, and suggest that AMPK might be a target for WSSV control in shrimp aquaculture.
The highest oxidation state observed in graphene-supported sub-nanometer iron oxide clusters
Authors: Perco Deborah , Loi Federico , Bignardi Luca , Sbuelz Luca , Lacovig Paolo , Tosi Ezequiel , Lizzit Silvano , Kartouzian Aras , Heiz Ueli , Baraldi Alessandro 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSize-selected iron oxide nanoclusters are outstanding candidates for technological-oriented applications due to their high efficiency-to-cost ratio. However, despite many theoretical studies, experimental works on their oxidation mechanism are still limited to gas-phase clusters. Herein we investigate the oxidation of graphene-supported size-selected Fenclusters by means of high-resolution X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. We show a dependency of the core electron Fe 2p3/2binding energy of metallic and oxidized clusters on the cluster size. Binding energies are also linked to chemical reactivity through the asymmetry parameter which is related to electron density of states at the Fermi energy. Upon oxidation, iron atoms in clusters reach the oxidation state Fe(II) and the absence of other oxidation states indicates a Fe-to-O ratio close to 1:1, in agreement with previous theoretical calculations and gas-phase experiments. Such knowledge can provide a basis for a better understanding of the behavior of iron oxide nanoclusters as supported catalysts.
War and pandemic do not jeopardize Germans’ willingness to support climate measures
Authors: Rinscheid Adrian , Koos Sebastian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHow do the impacts of acute crises influence citizens’ willingness to support different types of climate measures? An acute crisis can be understood either as an impediment or as an opportunity for climate change mitigation. In the first perspective, crisis impacts would create negative spill-overs and dampen citizens’ willingness to support climate action, while in the second perspective, the opposite would occur. Based on a survey experiment fielded in Germany in 2022 (n = 5438), we find that the economic implications of the Russo-Ukrainian War do not decrease behavioral willingness, while restrictions of civil liberties to combat the COVID-19 pandemic lead to higher climate support, underpinning the crisis-as-opportunity perspective. Willingness to support climate measures is strongest among (1) those most concerned about climate change, and (2) those who trust the government. We conclude that individuals do not wish climate change mitigation to be deprioritized on the back of other crises.
Viruses of a key coral symbiont exhibit temperature-driven productivity across a reefscape
Authors: Howe-Kerr Lauren I , Grupstra Carsten G B , Rabbitt Kristen M , Conetta Dennis , Coy Samantha R , Klinges J Grace , Maher Rebecca L , McConnell Kaitlin M , Meiling Sonora S , Messyasz Adriana , Schmeltzer Emily R , Seabrook Sarah , Sims Jordan A , Veglia Alex J , Thurber Andrew R , Thurber Rebecca L Vega , Correa Adrienne M S 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Viruses can affect coral health by infecting their symbiotic dinoflagellate partners (Symbiodiniaceae). Yet, viral dynamics in coral colonies exposed to environmental stress have not been studied at the reef scale, particularly within individual viral lineages. We sequenced the viral major capsid protein (mcp) gene of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses known to infect symbiotic dinoflagellates (‘dinoRNAVs’) to analyze their dynamics in the reef-building coral, Porites lobata. We repeatedly sampled 54 colonies harboring Cladocopium C15 dinoflagellates, across three environmentally distinct reef zones (fringing reef, back reef, and forereef) around the island of Moorea, French Polynesia over a 3-year period and spanning a reef-wide thermal stress event. By the end of the sampling period, 28% (5/18) of corals in the fringing reef experienced partial mortality versus 78% (14/18) of corals in the forereef. Over 90% (50/54) of colonies had detectable dinoRNAV infections. Reef zone influenced the composition and richness of viral mcp amino acid types (‘aminotypes’), with the fringing reef containing the highest aminotype richness. The reef-wide thermal stress event significantly increased aminotype dispersion, and this pattern was strongest in the colonies that experienced partial mortality. These findings demonstrate that dinoRNAV infections respond to environmental fluctuations experienced in situ on reefs. Further, viral productivity will likely increase as ocean temperatures continue to rise, potentially impacting the foundational symbiosis underpinning coral reef ecosystems.
Photometric classification of quasars from ALHAMBRA survey using random forest
Authors: Arroquia-Cuadros Benjamín , Sánchez Néstor , Gómez Vicent , Blay Pere , Martinez-Badenes Vicent , Nieves-Seoane Lorena 
Published: April 2023

Context. Given the current era of big data in astronomy, machine-learning-based methods have begun to be applied over recent years to identify or classify objects, such as quasars, galaxies, and stars, from full-sky photometric surveys.
Aims. Here we systematically evaluate the performance of random forests (RFs) in classifying quasars using either magnitudes or colours – both from broad- and narrow-band filters – as features.
Methods. The working data consist of photometry from the ALHAMBRA Gold Catalogue, which we cross-matched with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and the Million Quasars Catalogue (Milliquas) for objects labelled as quasars, galaxies, or stars. An RF classifier is trained and tested to evaluate the effects of varying the free parameters and using narrow or broad-band magnitudes or colours on final accuracy and precision.
Results. Best performances of the classifier yielded global accuracy and quasar precision of around 0.9. Varying free model parameters (within reasonable ranges of values) has no significant effects on the final classification. Using colours instead of magnitudes as features results in better performances of the classifier, especially when using colours from the ALHAMBRA survey. Colours that contribute the most to the classification are those containing the near-infrared JHK bands.
Toughness and isolated toughness conditions for path-factor critical covered graphs
Authors: Dai Guowei 
Published: April 2023

Given a graph G and an integer k ≥ 2. A spanning subgraph H of G is called a P≥k-factor of G if every component of H is a path with at least k vertices. A graph G is said to be P≥k-factor covered if for any e ∈ E(G), G admits a P≥k-factor including e. A graph G is called a (P≥k, n)-factor critical covered graph if G – V′ is P≥k-factor covered for any V′ ⊆ V(G) with |V′| = n. In this paper, we study the toughness and isolated toughness conditions for (P≥k, n)-factor critical covered graphs, where k = 2, 3. Let G be a (n + 1)-connected graph. It is shown that (i) G is a (P≥2, n)-factor critical covered graph if its toughness $ \tau (G)>\frac{n+2}{3}$; (ii) G is a (P≥2, n)-factor critical covered graph if its isolated toughness $ I(G)>\frac{n+1}{2}$; (iii) G is a (P≥3, n)-factor critical covered graph if $ \tau (G)>\frac{n+2}{3}$ and |V(G)| ≥ n + 3; (iv) G is a (P≥3, n)-factor critical covered graph if $ I(G)>\frac{n+3}{2}$ and |V(G)| ≥ n + 3. Furthermore, we claim that these conditions are best possible in some sense.
Therapiekonzepte beim Schilddrüsenkarzinom
Authors: Eilsberger Friederike , Kreissl Michael C , Luster Markus , Pfestroff Andreas 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Theranostik über den Natrium-Iodid-Symporter (NIS) bietet bei differenzierten Schilddrüsenkarzinomen eine einzigartige Option. Die diagnostischen und therapeutischen Nuklide weisen eine übereinstimmende Aufnahme und Kinetik auf, sodass der NIS das wichtigste theranostische Target bei dieser Erkrankung darstellt. Radioiodrefraktäre Schilddrüsenkarzinome (RRTC) zeichnen sich durch eine verminderte/fehlende NIS-Expression aus, sodass diese Struktur als theranostisches Ziel entfällt. Auch aufgrund eingeschränkter therapeutischer Optionen gibt es Ansätze, bei RRTC über die Expression von Somatostatinrezeptoren (SSTR) oder das Prostata-spezifische-Membranantigen (PSMA) neue theranostische Targets zu generieren, jedoch lässt die aktuelle Studienlage eine endgültige Bewertung der Erfolgsaussichten noch nicht zu.