bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Synthesis of N−N Bond Bearing Organic Frameworks by Advanced Heterogeneous Metal Catalysis
Authors: Panjacharam Paranimuthu , Rajasekhara Reddy Sabbasani 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe most significant task in synthetic organic chemistry is developing organic reactions from a green and sustainable perspective. In these ways, heterogeneous catalysts are essential in many organic reactions. Thus, this study focuses on the synthesis of N−N bond bearing organic frameworks, particularly aromatic azo compounds and indazoles, using a heterogeneous metal catalyst. Organic molecules containing nitrogen‐nitrogen bonds are greatly sought after in the synthesis of dyes, photochemical switches, food additives, and bioactive chemicals due to industry and human requirements. Finally, this review provides an overview of synthetic routes for the formation of N−N bonds by using various heterogeneous metal catalytic systems.
Effect of Beta vulgaris L. as feed ingredient on muscle growth, nutritional factors, and quality of common carp, Cyprinus carpio
Authors: Amiri Nahid , Aberoumand Ali , Ziaei‐nejad Saeed 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the utilization of Beta vulgaris powder as feed ingredient in the diet of Cyprinus carpio for a period of 56 days. Common carp fry with an average weight of 20 ± 0.2 g were fed using the diet containing B. vulgaris leaves with different concentrations. Fry of Cyprinus carpio were equally distributed in four feeding groups having three replicates each. The study was conducted indoors, in FRP tanks, and aeration was provided to individual rearing units, and it was a flow‐through system. The basal diet was replaced at 0.5%, 1%, and 2% with B. vulgaris powder. The basal diet without B. vulgaris powder (0%) served as control (T1). Significantly higher feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, and fat and protein indices were recorded in fish fed with B. vulgaris powder in treatments. Different feeding groups showed greater acceptability of B. vulgaris powder mixed diet without any adverse behavioral response. The protein and fat average percentages were 43.32 and 10.79 g, when fish reached commercial weight (48.02, 11.85 g) after 56 days for treatment 2%. After fish feeding with the B. vulgaris, for treatment 2% lower moisture than the control was recorded. The carp fish diet containing 1% B. vulgaris leaf powder caused a significant decrease in the fish fat content. It can be concluded that the diet containing 2% B. vulgaris leaf powder in the common carp led to better growth performance. The presence of B. vulgaris leaves in the fish diet increased the fillet protein and ash content.
Potential greenhouse gas emissions and reduction from municipal solid waste management in Phnom Penh municipality
Authors: Pheakdey Dek Vimean , Van Quan Nguyen , Xuan Tran Dang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study evaluates greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and reduction potential from municipal solid waste management (MSWM) following the IPCC 2006 guidelines. Under different MSWM scenarios of Phnom Penh municipality, this study quantifies GHG emissions from transportation, open burning, composting, recycling, anaerobic digestion (AD), incineration, and landfilling municipal solid waste. The study also considers the GHG emissions avoided as a benefit of recycling and electricity generation from incineration and AD. Various waste separation rates are used to evaluate the effectiveness of source segregation in GHG mitigation. The results show that the most significant net GHG emission saving is under scenario 5, avoiding about 1.15 M kg CO2‐eq/day with treatment affords 389 t/day of organic waste, 714 t/day of mixed recyclables, 777 t/day of digestible food waste, and 1,280 t/day of commingled waste via composting, recycling, AD, and incineration, respectively. The worst‐case scenario represents the current MSWM method, which generates the highest GHG emissions of 3.13 M kg CO2‐eq/day. This is due to the open burning of uncollected waste (211 t/day) and landfilling (2,835 t/day). Based on the analysis, an integrated MSWM system along with source separation for recycling and resource recovery purposes is highly recommended as it leads to the most significant reduction in environmental impacts. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the practical implications of policy frameworks for MSWM, specifically in terms of GHG emissions reduction. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combined treatment with crizotinib and temsirolimus is an effective strategy in mantle cell lymphoma and can overcome acquired resistance to temsirolimus
Authors: Moosburner Marie , Alibegovic Lamija , Hasselmann Korbinian , Gaiderov Anton , Hildebrand Johannes , Philippou‐Massier Julia , Blum Helmut , Fischer Luca , Dreyling Martin , Silkenstedt Elisabeth 
Published: June 2023

AbstractConstitutive activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR‐pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), leading to approval of the mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus for relapsed or refractory MCL. Yet, despite favorable initial response rates, early relapses under treatment have been observed. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms of temsirolimus resistance and developing strategies to overcome it is highly warranted. Here, we established a new temsirolimus‐resistant MCL cell line to evaluate the molecular background of resistance to this drug. Transcriptome profiling and gene set enrichment analysis comparing temsirolimus‐sensitive and ‐resistant cell lines showed significant upregulation of PI3K/AKT/mTor‐, RAS signaling‐ and the RTK‐dependent PDGFR‐, FGFR‐, Met‐ and ALK‐signaling‐pathways in the resistant cells. Furthermore, MET, known as important proto‐oncogene and mediator of drug resistance, was among the most upregulated genes in the resistant cells. Importantly, Met protein was overexpressed in both, MCL cells with acquired as well as intrinsic temsirolimus resistance, but could not be detected in any of the temsirolimus sensitive ones. Combined pharmacological inhibition of mTOR and Met signaling with temsirolimus and the RTK inhibitor crizotinib significantly restored sensitivity to temsirolimus. Furthermore, this combined treatment proved to be synergistic in all MCL cell lines investigated and was also active in primary MCL cells. In summary, we showed for the first time that overexpression of MET plays an important role for mediating temsirolimus resistance in MCL and combined treatment with temsirolimus and crizotinib is a very promising therapeutic approach for MCL and an effective strategy to overcome temsirolimus resistance.
Evaluation of clinical ethics in Iranian hospitals: Employing a 360° approach—A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Malekzadeh Roya , Ziapour Arash , Assadi Touraj 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsClinical ethics is defined as recognizing and resolving value conflicts that arise from providing care in medical centers. This study aimed to evaluate the practice of clinical ethics in Iranian hospitals with a 360° approach.MethodsThe study was conducted by employing a descriptive‐analytical method in 2019. The statistical population included staff, patients, and managers of public, private, and insurance hospitals in Mazandaran province. The sample size for each group was 317, 729, and 36, respectively. The data collection tool was a researcher‐made questionnaire. The appearance and content validity of the questionnaire were confirmed by expert opinion and construct validity was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. The reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data were analyzed by one‐way analysis of variance and Tukey's post‐hoc test. We used SPSS software version 21 to analyse the data.ResultsThe obtained mean score of clinical ethics from the perspective of service providers (0.56 ± 4.45) was higher than the perspective of service presenters (4.35 ± 0.65) and service recipients (0.79 ± 4.22), which was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Among the eight dimensions of clinical ethics, respect for the patient's right (0.68 ± 4.09) illustrated the highest score and medical error management (0.63 ± 4.33) presented the lowest score.ConclusionBased on the findings of the study, the level of clinical ethics in the hospitals of Mazandaran province is favorable, and among the dimensions of clinical ethics, respect for patient rights gained the lowest score and communication with other colleagues gained the highest score. Therefore, informing and teaching medical professionals in the field of clinical ethics, formulating binding laws, and paying serious attention to this issue in ranking and accrediting hospitals are recommended.
Hydration effects on the vibrational properties of carboxylates: From continuum models to QM/MM simulations
Authors: Porwal Vishal Kumar , Carof Antoine , Ingrosso Francesca 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe presence of carboxyl groups in a molecule delivers an affinity to metal cations and a sensitivity to the chemical environment, especially for an environment that can give rise to intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Carboxylate groups can also induce intramolecular interactions, such as the formation of hydrogen bonds with donor groups, leading to an impact on the conformational space of biomolecules. In the latter case, the protonation state of the amino groups plays an important role. In order to provide an accurate description of the modifications induced in a carboxylated molecule by the formation of hydrogen bonds, one needs a compromise between a quantum chemical description of the system and the necessity to take into account explicit solvent molecules. In this work, we propose a bottom‐up approach to study the conformational space and the carboxylate stretching band of (bio)organic anions. Starting from the anions in a continuum solvent, we then move to calculations using a microsolvation approach including one explicit water molecule per polar group, immersed in a continuum. Finally, we run QM/MM molecular dynamics simulations to analyze the solvation properties and to explore the anions conformational space. The results thus obtained are in good agreement with the description given by the microsolvation approach and they bring a more detailed description of the solvation shell and of the intermolecular hydrogen bonds.
Association between sarcopenia and frailty in elderly patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Wang Che , Guo Xinru , Xu Xieguanxuan , Liang Shuang , Wang Wenling , Zhu Fanglei , Wang Siyang , Wu Jie , Zhang Li , Sun Xuefeng , Chen Xiangmei , Cai Guangyan ,   The Chinese observational prospective study of ageing population with chronic kidney disease (C‐OPTION)
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundFrailty and sarcopenia are prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD) populations and could increase the risk for adverse health outcomes. Few studies assess the correlation between frailty, sarcopenia and CKD in non‐dialysis patients. Therefore, this study aimed to determine frailty‐associated factors in elderly CKD stage I–IV patients, expected to early identify and intervene in the frailty of elderly CKD patients.MethodsA total of 774 elderly CKD I–IV patients (>60 years of age) recruited from 29 clinical centers in China between March 2017 and September 2019 were included in this study. We established a Frailty Index (FI) model to evaluate frailty risk and verified the distributional property of FI in the study population. Sarcopenia was defined according to the criteria of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to assess the associated factors for frailty.ResultsSeven hundred seventy‐four patients (median age 67 years, 66.0% males) were included in this analysis, with a median estimated glomerular filtration rate of 52.8 mL/min/1.73 m2. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 30.6%. The FI exhibited a right‐skewed distribution. The age‐related slope of FI was 1.4% per year on a logarithmic scale (r2 = 0.706, 95% CI 0.9, 1.8, P < 0.001). The upper limit of FI was around 0.43. The FI was related to mortality (HR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.00, 1.12, P = 0.041). Multivariate multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that sarcopenia, advanced age, CKD stage II–IV, low level of serum albumin and increased waist–hip ratio were significantly associated with high FI status, while advanced age and CKD stage III–IV were significantly associated with for median FI status. Moreover, the results from the subgroup were consistent with the leading results.ConclusionsSarcopenia was independently associated with an increased risk for frailty in elderly CKD I‐IV patients. Patients with sarcopenia, advanced age, high CKD stage, high waist–hip ratio and low serum albumin level should be assessed for frailty.
How many microplastic particles are present in Canadian biosolids?
Authors: Sivarajah Branaavan , Lapen David R. , Gewurtz Sarah B. , Smyth Shirley Anne , Provencher Jennifer F. , Vermaire Jesse C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractApplication of treated sewage sludge (biosolids) from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to farmlands is an important pathway through which microplastic particles (MPs) enter terrestrial ecosystems. Yet, microplastic concentrations in Canadian biosolids have only been estimated in samples from four WWTPs previously. We aimed to fill this knowledge gap by quantifying microplastics in biosolids from 22 WWTPs located in nine provinces and two commercial fertilizer producers in Canada. All samples had substantial microplastic concentrations ranging from 228 to 1353 particles per gram dry weight (median = 636 particles), which are orders of magnitude greater than MPs reported from earlier investigations of biosolids from other countries. Fibers (median: 86%) were the most common type of MPs observed, followed by fragments (median: 13%). There were no statistically significant differences in the amount of microplastics observed in the biosolids from different geographical regions, WWTP types, and sludge treatment processes. This suggests that diverse combinations of local sewershed characteristics, site‐specific treatment approaches, and daily flow at WWTPs may be influencing concentrations of microplastics in biosolids. Our results indicate that microplastic concentrations in biosolids are substantially higher than they are in other environmental matrices, and this has important implications to managing microplastic pollution in terrestrial ecosystems.
The influence of intervertebral disc overloading on nociceptor calcium flickering
Authors: Gewiess Jan , Eglauf Janick , Soubrier Astrid , Grad Sibylle , Alini Mauro , Peroglio Marianna , Ma Junxuan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionMechanical overloading can trigger a degenerative‐like cascade in an organ culture of intervertebral disc (IVD). Whether the overloaded IVD can influence the activation of nociceptors (i.e., the damage sensing neurons) remains unknown. The study aims to investigate the influence of overloaded IVD conditioned medium (CM) on the activation of nociceptors.MethodsIn the static loading regime, force‐controlled loading of 0.2 MPa for 20 h/day representing “long‐term sitting and standing” was compared with a displacement‐controlled loading maintaining original IVD height. In the dynamic loading regime, high‐frequency‐intensity loading representing degenerative “wear and tear” was compared with a lower‐frequency‐intensity loading. CM of differently loaded IVDs were collected to stimulate the primary bovine dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cultures. Calcium imaging (Fluo‐4) and calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) immunofluorescent labeling were jointly used to record the calcium flickering in CGRP(+) nociceptors.ResultsForce‐controlled loading led to a higher IVD cell death compared to displacement‐controlled loading. Both static and dynamic overloading (force‐controlled and high‐frequency‐intensity loadings) elevated the frequency of calcium flickering in the subsurface space of CGRP(+) nociceptors compared to their mild loading counterparts.ConclusionIn the organ culture system, IVD overloading mediated an altered IVD‐nociceptor communication suggesting a biological mechanism associated with discogenic pain.
Crystallizability of Free and Tethered Chains in Nanometer‐Sized Droplets
Authors: Or Wing Kit , Hassan Alaa Youssef Amin , Tress Martin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractConfining polymers to nanometric sizes often interferes with the characteristic length scales of structure formation and thus significantly alters crystallization or nucleation behavior at the nanoscale. To investigate such effects in nanometric samples, past studies relied either on heavily constraining environments like block copolymer mesophases or on deposited droplets that exhibit significant variation in size, thus requiring extensive analysis to assign size classes. This studypresents a novel method to create nanometer‐sized polymer droplets of narrow volume distribution and to study their dynamic and thermodynamic behavior using the change in orientational polarization. A combination of gold‐nanoparticle deposition with a grafting‐to reaction and a nanostructured electrode setup enabled the measurement of poly‐ε‐caprolactone (PCL) droplets consisting of ten chains on average for a relatively small molecular weight. Distinct crystallization and melting signatures in spin‐cast droplets demonstrate the sensitivity of this approach. In contrast, the grafted aggregates exhibit no signs of crystallization, which is attributed to considerable constraints in this configuration, like limited chain motion or too wide chain spacing. Nevertheless, the presented setup is capable of studying ensembles of individualized (macro‐) molecules.
Self‐Limited Hyperbranching Polymerization of Di‐N‐Phenoxycarbonyl N‐Substituted Diglycines
Authors: Wang Siqi , Shen Tianlun , Hao Kai , Tao Xinfeng , Sun Jihong , Ling Jun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHyperbranched poly(α‐amino acid)s have caught great attention due to their excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and bioactivity. However, hyperbranched polypeptoids are rarely reported because of the challenge of synthesis. Herein, unique polymerizations of N,N'‐diphenoxycarbonyl‐N,N'‐(1,4‐phenylenebismethylene)–diglycine (di‐NNPC, an A*B*‐A*B*‐type monomer) which uncommonly result in hyperbranched polypeptoids rather than gels after the complete consumption of di‐NNPC are reported. The molecular weights of the hyperbranched polypeptoids are controlled by the degree of branching via tuning the initial concentrations of monomer and basic catalyst. N‐Phenyloxycarbonyl glycine pendant groups plentifully remained on the polymer chains are used for Gd3+ complexation and post‐modification, which makes the hyperbranched polypeptoids multifunctional single molecular micelles applicable as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents and photoluminescence probes.
Polymeric Surfactants: Recent Advancement in Their Synthesis, Properties, and Industrial Applications
Authors: Aleid Ghada Mohamed , Alshammari Anoud Saud , Tripathy Divya Bajpai , Gupta Anjali , Ahmad Shahzad 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPolymeric surfactants are a special class of the polymers that have amphiphilic characteristics of surfactants. In selective solvents, polymeric surfactants exhibit interesting association processes and develop self‐assembled structures. Their capacity to create micellar aggregates with stimuli‐responsive behavior in aqueous solutions, enables the creation of smart materials for many applications. The only restrictions to the creation of polymeric surfactants with complicated structures using current synthetic methods are the researchers' interests and creativity. The chemical structure of the polymer and its aqueous solution characteristics (viscosity and surface tension) should be demonstrated as having a distinct and commonly accepted connection. Unavailability of systematic and updated review on these important molecules demands a comprehensive compilation and consistent discussion on key physical aspects, characterization, synthetic techniques, and their useful applications like enhanced recovery of oil, antimicrobial potential, water treatment, pharmaceutical, etc.
Shortwave Infrared Photodetection with oCVD Polythiophene
Authors: Vella Jarrett H. , Benasco Anthony R. , Nikodemski Stefan , Vakil Mohammad I. , Azoulay Jason D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractShortwave infrared (SWIR, λ = 1–3 µm) photodetectors typically use compound semiconductors that are fabricated using high‐temperature epitaxial growth and require active cooling. New technologies that overcome these constraints are the focus of intensive current research. Herein, oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD) is used for the first time to create a room temperature, vapor‐phase deposited SWIR photoconductive detector with a unique tangled wire film morphology that detects nW‐level photons emitted from a 500 °C cavity blackbody radiator—a rarity for polymer systems. A new, window‐based process that greatly simplifies device fabrication is used to construct doped polythiophene‐based SWIR sensors. The detectors feature an 8.97 kΩ dark resistance and are limited by 1/f noise. They feature an external quantum efficiency (gain‐external quantum efficiency) product of 395% and have a measured specific detectivity (D*) of 106 Jones, with the potential to reach D* = 1010 Jones after 1/f noise is minimized. Still, the measured D* is only a factor of 102 lower than a typical microbolometer and after optimization, the newly described oCVD polymer‐based IR detectors will be in a category competitive with commercially available, room temperature lead salt photoconductors and within reach of room temperature photodiodes.
Sensitivity and specificity of phrenic nerve electrophysiology to predict mechanical ventilation in the Guillain‐Barré syndrome
Authors: Naresh Kancha , Roy Anupama , Srivastava Shreya , Premkumar Paul , Nair Aditya , Mani Arun Mathai , Shaikh Atif , Thirumal Prabhakar Appaswamy , Sivadasan Ajith , Mathew Vivek , Premkumar Prasanna Samuel , Benjamin Rohit 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroduction/AimsIn Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), the sensitivity and specificity of phrenic compound muscle action potential (CMAP) measurements to predict endotracheal mechanical ventilation are unknown. Hence, we sought to estimate sensitivity and specificity.MethodsWe performed a 10‐year retrospective analysis of adult GBS patients from our single‐center laboratory database (2009 to 2019). The phrenic nerve amplitudes and latencies before ventilation were recorded along with other clinical and demographic features. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis with area under the curve (AUC) was used to determine the sensitivity and specificity with 95% confidence interval (CI) for phrenic amplitudes and latencies in predicting the need for mechanical ventilation.ResultsTwo hundred five phrenic nerves were analyzed in 105 patients. The mean age was 46.1 ± 16.2 years, with 60% of them being male. Fourteen patients (13.3%) required mechanical ventilation. The average phrenic amplitudes were lower in the ventilated group (P = .003), but average latencies did not differ (P = .133). ROC analysis confirmed that phrenic amplitudes could predict respiratory failure (AUC = 0.76; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.91; P < .002), but phrenic latencies could not (AUC = 0.60; 95% CI, 0.46 to 0.73; P = .256). The best threshold for amplitude was ≥0.6 mV, with sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 85.7%, 58.2%, 24.0%, and 96.4%, respectively.DiscussionOur study suggests that phrenic CMAP amplitudes can predict the need for mechanical ventilation in GBS. In contrast, phrenic CMAP latencies are not reliable. The high negative predictive value of phrenic CMAP amplitudes ≥0.6 mV can preclude mechanical ventilation, making these a useful adjunct to clinical decision‐making.