bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Draft Genome Sequence of a Primate Isolate of Kazachstania pintolopesii
Authors: James Steve A. , Parker Aimee , Purse Catherine , Telatin Andrea , Baker David , Evans Rhiannon , Holmes Sandy , Funnell Simon G. P. , Carding Simon R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractKazachstania pintolopesii is an opportunistic mammalian pathobiont from the K. telluris species complex. No draft genomes of this species are currently available. Here, we report the first draft genome sequence of a primate isolate of K. pintolopesii (NCYC 4417).
Compound heatwave and drought hotspots and their trends in Southeast Australia
Authors: Laz Orpita U. , Rahman Ataur , Ouarda Taha B. M. J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCompound extreme natural events cause a significantly larger impact than individual extreme events. Therefore, the urgency of exploring the climatology of compound events is growing. This paper is aimed to identify the current hotspots of compound heatwaves and droughts (CHD) and trends in their occurrence in southeast Australia. In this context, 61 weather stations were selected from the study area, and analyses were carried out over the extended summer season of the time period 1971–2021. The hotspots of CHDs in southeast Australia were identified considering both the total count of CHD days and 90th percentile of CHDs during the study period. The study period was divided into two periods 1971–2000 and 2001–2021, to assess the change in hotspots spatially and temporally. Four different attributes of CHDs based on the number, duration, severity and amplitude of CHDs were also calculated, and Mann–Kendall (MK) test followed by Sen’s slope was adopted to detect the trends in all these four attributes of CHDs. Trends in CHD indices were also calculated for the two periods of 1971–2000 and 2001–2021. For calculating the CHD, excess heat factor (EHF) was used to identify the heatwaves. In the case of drought identification, SPEI and SPI drought indices were adopted with aggregation of 3 and 126 antecedent months, and three different threshold values were selected to consider three levels of dry conditions, e.g. 0, − 0.5 and − 1.0. It has been found that more CHDs occurred on the eastern side of NSW and Queensland states. Furthermore, the total count of CHD days increased notably during the last two decades. The trends in CHD indices were found to be significant in the recent period (2001–2021), and there was no trend in the earlier period (1971–2000). The findings of this study will help to plan heat and drought-related emergency management in the study area.
Relevance as difference-making: a generalized theory of relevance and its applications
Authors: Schurz Gerhard 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this paper a generalized account of relevance as difference-making is developed. It is argued that relevance should not be considered as a particular relation, but as a (higher-order) property of instances of arbitrary relations: namely the property that variations of the relata of the relation instance make a difference for its truth. This generalized account of relevance can be fruitfully applied in many domains, such as (i) logical reasoning with applications to explanation, confirmation, verisimilitude, is-ought inference, (ii) probabilistic reasoning with applications to explanation and confirmation, (iii) nomological and causal implication, (iv) communication, (v) grounding and (vi) essentiality. In conclusion, difference-making relevance is a highly unifying and fruitful philosophical concept.
More human than human: measuring ChatGPT political bias
Authors: Motoki Fabio , Pinho Neto Valdemar , Rodrigues Victor 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe investigate the political bias of a large language model (LLM), ChatGPT, which has become popular for retrieving factual information and generating content. Although ChatGPT assures that it is impartial, the literature suggests that LLMs exhibit bias involving race, gender, religion, and political orientation. Political bias in LLMs can have adverse political and electoral consequences similar to bias from traditional and social media. Moreover, political bias can be harder to detect and eradicate than gender or racial bias. We propose a novel empirical design to infer whether ChatGPT has political biases by requesting it to impersonate someone from a given side of the political spectrum and comparing these answers with its default. We also propose dose-response, placebo, and profession-politics alignment robustness tests. To reduce concerns about the randomness of the generated text, we collect answers to the same questions 100 times, with question order randomized on each round. We find robust evidence that ChatGPT presents a significant and systematic political bias toward the Democrats in the US, Lula in Brazil, and the Labour Party in the UK. These results translate into real concerns that ChatGPT, and LLMs in general, can extend or even amplify the existing challenges involving political processes posed by the Internet and social media. Our findings have important implications for policymakers, media, politics, and academia stakeholders.
Self-assessment of health: how socioeconomic, functional, and emotional dimensions influence self-rated health among Italian nonagenarians
Authors: Strozza Cosmo , Egidi Viviana , Vannetti Federica , Cecchi Francesca , Macchi Claudio , Pasqualetti Patrizio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSelf-Rated Health (SRH) is currently one of the most popular indicators of population health. Studies show that SRH has a strong association with physical functioning, well-being, and mortality across a variety of populations and ages. Despite its wide use, the different elements that act and interact when an individual assesses their own health are still not clear. To date, only one study has focused on the process of self-assessment of health among the oldest-old individuals. The aim of this paper is to explore direct and indirect effects of socioeconomic status, presence of disease, functional health, and emotional health on the good self-assessment of health among Italian nonagenarians. By applying Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) on Mugello Study data, we find a strong direct effect of both emotional and functional health on SRH, confirming their key roles in the process of self-assessment of health among the oldest-old individuals. Furthermore, we find indirect effects of socioeconomic status, presence of disease, and functional health on SRH. This is in line with existing literature on younger adults and elderly people.
The Gender Gap in Environmental Concern: Support for an Ecofeminist Perspective and the Role of Gender Egalitarian Attitudes
Authors: Echavarren José M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractQuantitative studies analysing individual differences in environmental concern (i.e., apprehension about the quality of nature and natural resources including air, water, soil and animal and plant species) have consistently found differences between men and women, whereby women are more likely to display pro-environmental attitudes, although the underlying reasons remain largely unclear. Understanding the gender gap in environmental concern is crucial for designing and targeting environmental policies and for developing environmental education programmes. This paper examines five prominent theories that address the gender gap: Socialisation theory, Economic Salience theory, Parenthood Status theory, the Class-Gender effect and Ecofeminism. Ecofeminism constitutes a theoretical perspective which, despite offering a joint analysis of feminism and environmentalism, has rarely been employed in applied research regarding the gender gap in environmental concern. Using hierarachical regression techniques and data from the World Values Survey (N = 51,763) across 45 countries, this study finds that attitudes of gender equality are positively correlated with environmental concern. The present study supports ecofeminist theory by highlighting the positive role played by gender egalitarian attitudes in environmental concern. This research is the first of its kind to study the influence of gender egalitarian attitudes on environmental concern with such a large representative sample of countries, using hierarchical models to evaluate the effect of contextual factors.
Simulation Study of sc-CO2 Based Silylation for Decreasing Severity of Water Blockage and Salt Precipitation during Geological CO2 Storage in Deep Saline Aquifers
Authors: Pratama Egi A. , Myers Matthew , Permadi Asep K. , Saeedi Ali 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDeep saline aquifers are often favorable for underground CO2 sequestration due to their large capacity and relatively low likelihood for resource conflicts. However, many possible issues can arise during CO2 injection. Often these aquifers have a significant salinity level (as these often present minimal resource conflict issues) and as such salt precipitation near the injection wellbore can be problematic. Furthermore, when water blockage occurs, salt precipitation can be exacerbated since large amounts of water remain near the wellbore. Altering the rock wettability towards less water-wet can alleviate water blockage and in turn reduce the likelihood or severity of salt precipitation. Previous lab experiments have shown that supercritical CO2 (sc-CO2)-based silylation can effectively functionalize rock surfaces with hydrophobic silanes. In this study, numerical models were constructed to evaluate the combined effects of multi-phase fluid flow, water evaporation and salt precipitation assuming a change in wettability (thus impacting the relative permeability characteristics of the reservoir) resulting from the silylation process. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of this chemical treatment to address near wellbore salt precipitation induced by CO2 injection. According to the simulation results, a decrease in injectivity due to salt precipitation is more significant when water blockage is also present. Injectivity is deteriorated prominently in high salinity reservoirs with water blockage since evaporation into the injected CO2 phase will cause significant salt precipitation. In a representative formation, the injectivity decline is worse (up to 68.6% relative injectivity change (RIC)) when both salt precipitation and water blockage are considered since the latter provides more trapped brine inducing more salt accumulation around the wellbore. With hydrophobic silylation, the combined effects of salt precipitation and water blockage on RIC are decreased on an absolute basis by up to 7%. Depending on techno-economic considerations, this method is encouraged to be implemented as early as possible during a CO2 injection program to minimize salt accumulation from the outset.
Genealogical structure of the Colombian Romosinuano Creole cattle
Authors: Cañas–Álvarez Jhon Jacobo , Ossa-Saraz Gustavo Alfonso , Garcés-Blanquiceth Jorge Luis , Burgos–Paz William Orlando 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Romosinuano cattle breed is one of the most important Creole genetic resources in Colombia, and interesting traits like adaptation or reproductive efficiency have promoted its use in different countries in America. To consolidate the genealogical historical records, the review of very first yield records in this population was used to reconstruct the genealogy of the breed since the first animals incorporated to the in vivo germplasm bank and estimate different demographic parameters. The complete genealogy comprises 17,136 animals with 5.8 years of generation interval for two pathways. The estimated average inbreeding for the population and inbred animals was 2.53% and 6.32% respectively, with a progressive increase of inbred animals across the generations. Almost 48% of the total animals presented some level of consanguinity. Effective population size (Ne) based on the inbreeding rate estimated by regression in all generations was 120 animals whereas Ne estimated by equivalent generations was 69 animals. Effective number of founders (Fe), effective number of ancestors (Fa), and ancestors explaining 50% of variability were 75, 48, and 22, respectively. The relation between Fa/Fe of 64% indicates a genetic bottleneck effect in the population studied.
Concentrations and total mass storage of fine sediment, potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and phosphorus in the channel bed of an urban river: a multi-year study
Authors: Owens Philip N. , Rutherford P. Michael 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Given the rapid growth of people living in urban and peri-urban areas, this study examined the downstream trends in concentrations and determined the total storage of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and phosphorus (P) associated with fine-grained sediment (0.45 to 63 µm) stored in the channel bed of an urban river.

Materials and methods
Samples were collected from seven sites along McMillan Creek (watershed area = 55 km2) in the city of Prince George, British Columbia, Canada, between 2010 and 2016 using a resuspension approach. Grabs samples were also collected from two key tributaries and a large culvert.

Results and discussion
Some elements (e.g., As, Mn and P) decreased in a downstream direction due to inputs from agricultural sources in the headwaters, while others (e.g., Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn) increased downstream reflecting inputs from urban sources in the lower part of the watershed. Several PTEs increased significantly due to a large culvert which supplied road-deposited sediment (RDS) and other urban materials. In some cases (e.g., As, Mn, Zn) PTE concentrations exceeded Canadian sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) for the protection of aquatic organisms. While concentrations were similar for most years, they were elevated in 2016 which may reflect higher rainfall prior to sample collection. The average total storage of fine-grained sediment in the channel bed of McMillan Creek was 155 t (4198 g m−2), while for PTEs this ranged from 0.01 kg (0.0002 g m−2) for Hg to 1130 kg (30.7 g m−2) for Mn.

Conclusions
The channel bed of an urban river stored large amounts of fine sediment, PTEs and P, with concentrations that exceeded SQGs for some elements. Given the expected increase of people living in urban and peri-urban areas, more studies are required to assess the impacts of this growth on the amount and quality of fine-grained sediment stored in urban rivers.
Robust utility maximization with nonlinear continuous semimartingales
Authors: Criens David , Niemann Lars 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this paper we study a robust utility maximization problem in continuous time under model uncertainty. The model uncertainty is governed by a continuous semimartingale with uncertain local characteristics. Here, the differential characteristics are prescribed by a set-valued function that depends on time and path. We show that the robust utility maximization problem is in duality with a conjugate problem, and we study the existence of optimal portfolios for logarithmic, exponential and power utilities.
Differences in Telemedicine, Emergency Department, and Hospital Utilization Among Nonelderly Adults with Limited English Proficiency Post-COVID-19 Pandemic: a Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Chang Eva , Davis Teaniese L. , Berkman Nancy D. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The unprecedented use of telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic provided an opportunity to examine its uptake among individuals with limited English proficiency (LEP).

Objective
To assess telemedicine use among nonelderly adults with LEP and the association between use of telehealth and emergency department (ED) and hospital visits.

Design
Cross-sectional study using the National Health Interview Survey (July 2020–December 2021)

Participants
Adults (18–64 years), with LEP (N=1488) or English proficiency (EP) (N=25,873)

Main Measures
Telemedicine, ED visits, and hospital visits in the past 12 months. We used multivariate logistic regression to assess (1) the association of English proficiency on having telemedicine visits; and (2) the association of English proficiency and telemedicine visits on having ED and hospital visits.

Key Results
Between July 2020 and December 2021, 22% of adults with LEP had a telemedicine visit compared to 35% of adults with EP. After controlling for predisposing, enabling, and need factors, adults with LEP had 20% lower odds of having a telemedicine visit than adults with EP (p=0.02). While English proficiency was not associated with ED or hospital visits during this time, adults with telemedicine visits had significantly greater odds of having any ED (aOR: 1.80, p<0.001) and hospital visits (aOR: 2.03, p<0.001) in the past 12 months.

Conclusions
While telemedicine use increased overall during the COVID-19 pandemic, its use remained much less likely among adults with LEP. Interventions targeting structural barriers are needed to address disparities in access to telemedicine. More research is needed to understand the relationship between English proficiency, telemedicine visits, and downstream ED and hospital visits.
Avian Haemosporidians Infecting Short- and Long-Distance Migratory Old World Flycatcher Species and the Variation in Parasitaemia After Endurance Flights
Authors: Emmenegger Tamara , Riello Sara , Schmid Raffaella , Serra Lorenzo , Spina Fernando , Hahn Steffen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Avian haemosporidians are widespread parasites, occurring in many bird families and causing pathologies ranging from rather benign infections to highly virulent diseases. The state of knowledge about lineage-specific intensities of haemosporidian infection (i.e., parasitaemia) is mainly based on infection experiments conducted under laboratory conditions. The levels and range of parasitaemia in natural host–parasite associations as well as their influencing factor remain largely unexplored.

Methods
Thus, we explored the parasitaemia of four songbird species (i.e., European Robins, Black and Common Redstarts and Whinchats) during migration by screening individuals upon landing on an insular passage site after extensive endurance flights to (1) describe their natural host–parasite associations, (2) quantify parasitaemia and (3) explore potential host- and parasite-related factors influencing parasitaemia.

Results
We found 68% of Whinchats to be infected with haemosporidians, which is more frequent than any other of the studied host species (30–34%). Furthermore, we confirmed that parasitaemia of Haemoproteus infections was higher than average Plasmodium infections. Median parasitaemia levels were rather low (parasite cells in 0.01% of hosts’ red blood cells) and varied largely among the different parasite lineages. However, we found four individuals hosting infections with parasitaemia higher than typical chronic infections.

Conclusions
Based on the known transmission areas of the respective lineages, we argue that these higher intensity infections might be relapses of consisting infections rather than acute phases of recent primary infections.
Immune disturbance leads to pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 more than classical risk factors: a clinical and histological study
Authors: Cicco Sebastiano , Vacca Antonio , Albanese Federica , Susca Nicola , Desantis Vanessa , Magistro Arianna , Cazzato Gerardo , Cicco Gerolamo , Sablone Sara , Cariddi Christel , Marozzi Marialuisa Sveva , Catena Cristiana , Brosolo Gabriele , Marcante Stefano , Ingravallo Giuseppe , Dalfino Lidia , Lauletta Gianfranco , Pappagallo Fabrizio , Solimando Antonio Giovanni , Grasso Salvatore , Maiorano Eugenio , Introna Francesco , Sechi Leonardo Alberto , Ria Roberto 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCOVID-19 induces endotheliitis and one of the main complications is enhanced coagulation. The incidence of pulmonary embolism (PE) in COVID-19 (CPE) has increased and clinical features for a rigorous analysis still need to be determined. Thus, we evaluated the clinical characteristics in CPE and the immune infiltration that occurred. Between January 1 and December 31, 2021, 38 patients were affected by CPE (9 ICU, 19 males/19 females, 70.18 ± 11.24 years) out of 459 COVID-19 cases. Controls were subjects who were evaluated for PE between January 1 2015, and December 31, 2019 (92 patients, 9 ICU, 48 males/45 females, 69.55 ± 16.59 years). All patients underwent complete physical examination, pulmonary computed tomography, laboratory tests, D-dimer, and blood gas analysis. There were no differences in laboratory tests or D-dimer. In patients with CPE, pO2, alveolar–arterial oxygen difference (A-aDO2), oxygen saturation %, and the ratio between arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), P/F, were significantly increased. There were no differences in PaCO2. Platelet count was inversely correlated to P/F (r = − 0.389, p = 0.02) but directly to A-aDO2 (r = 0.699, p = 0.001) only in patients with CPE. Histology of lung biopsies (7 CPE/7 controls) of patients with CPE showed an increase in CD15+ cells, HMGB1, and extracellular MPO as a marker of NETosis, while no significant differences were found in CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and intracellular MPO. Overall, data suggest that CPE has a different clinical setting. Reduced oxygen content and saturation described in Patients with CPE should not be considered a trustworthy sign of disease. Increased A-aDO2 may indicate that CPE involves the smallest vessels as compared to classical PE. The significant difference in NETosis may suggest the mechanism related to thrombi formation.
Solid-State Additive Manufacturing of AA6060 Employing Friction Screw Extrusion Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Rezaeinejad S. S. , Strik D. H. , Visser R. M. , Bor T. C. , Luckabauer M. , Akkerman R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSolid-state additive manufacturing constitutes a worthwhile alternative for many precipitation-based aluminium alloys that cannot be processed through fusion-based approaches due to metallurgical problems. In this work, the newly developed solid-state friction screw extrusion additive manufacturing (FSEAM) approach has been employed to study the processability of AA6060 T6 as a function of the printing velocity. Various wall-like builds were fabricated at printing velocities of 100 mm/min to 250 mm/min by deposition of 50 layers of 1 mm thickness, 14 mm width, and 150 mm length. No major defects were observed in cross section, and the microstructure showed equiaxed grains with an average size of 2–4 μm for all builds. Promising mechanical properties were obtained for all tensile test specimens extracted in the deposition direction of the layers. For specimens extracted in the build direction, only the builds fabricated with sufficiently high normal force to ensure proper bonding between successively deposited layers showed similar results to the deposition direction. The relatively high temperatures obtained during fabrication led to the dissolution of strengthening precipitates for the 150–250 mm/min samples as indicated by serrated yielding effects. Post-manufacturing heat treatment of these samples was successful, partially restoring the feedstock hardness.