bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural assessment of an historical steel railway bridge in the north of Spain
Authors: Carpintero Ismael , Rueda Jorge 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAt the beginning of the 20th century, some railway lines were built in the north of Spain to support industrialization in this area. In the region there were coal and iron mines, as well as ports to market the products, reason why it was one of the first Spanish regions to develop. Due to the rugged relief, it was necessary to adapt the layout of the lines to the terrain, so many bridges were built for that purpose. At the same time, steelmaking was transitioning from manual to industrial metallurgical furnaces and processes. These processes determined the structural and durability characteristics of the metallic material used for those bridges. Nowadays, the maintenance of this type of bridges is conditioned by the difficulty of access to inspect, the structural typology of the details, and the mechanical characteristics of the material; and also the insufficient training of the technicians who inspect this type of structures. The case study is an old steel bridge that served the trade of an important regional factory. Routine inspections found no major structural defects; however, thanks to a complete historical and structural study that was being developed, significant damage was detected that made it necessary to immediately stop traffic on the bridge.
A new Post‐Installed Reinforcement System to Extend Life Time of Existing Structures as Contribution to Sustainability
Authors: Feix Jürgen , Lechner Johannes 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMost of the infrastructure structures in Central Europe were erected between 1960 and 1990 and are therefore now between 30 and 60 years old. As recalculations of bridges show, frequently deficits in load‐bearing capacity arise due to aging of the structures, the increasing loads on these structures and the changes in the design codes. Often, a complete replacement of these structures is planned, which leads to high investment costs but also to massive traffic disruptions due to the complete or partial closure of the structure. Investigations show clearly that strengthening of existing structures is far more sustainable than building a new bridge. Therefore, in the last decade, research has been conducted at the University of Innsbruck on new, efficient post‐installed reinforcement systems with the help of which the lifetime of existing infrastructure buildings can be significantly extended. These new systems have to be installed in the existing structure as quickly as possible and with a minimum disruption of the traffic. This is the only way to keep traffic disruption and thus environmental impact to a minimum. The development of new systems for the strengthening of existing structures is shown and the positive effects to the environmental impact are figured out at some project examples.
Concept for ai‐supported information allocation based on IFC data
Authors: Faltin Fabian , Gille Jonathan , Jäkel Jan‐Iwo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAcross the different phases of a construction project, many actors are involved in the design, the construction, and the operation of the structure. Each actor and all stakeholders in the project require different information structures. Unifying these information structures has great benefits for the recipients of the information. This way, inspection routines, certifications or approvals could be automated. Within the framework of the BIM methodology, there are already solutions like the Level of Information Need (LOIN) or attribute mapping via translation tables. But the required effort to tailor the information for all stakeholders is considerable. Therefore actors or stakeholders who often receive IFC data from different sources with different structures face difficulties to automate their processes. In this paper, a concept is presented that uses deep learning techniques to translate between specific information structures of different stakeholders. In this way, the effort of providing information can be reduced. The proof of concept shows that a LSTM model can extract the desired information from an IFC file. It is also weighed up how the concept is to be evaluated, what opportunities and challenges the application may face.
Performance‐Based Assessment of a Long Span Bridge
Authors: Makhoul Nisrine , Schmidt Franziska 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Normandy Bridge is an important asset in northern France, as it is a road cable‐stayed bridge that links Honfleur to Le Havre, spanning over the Seine River in the region of Normandy. When it was opened in 1995, it was the longest cable‐stayed bridge in the world with a 2143‐meters total length and had the greatest distance between cable‐stayed bridge piers (250 meters), its height is 214.77 meters. The bridge benefited for a while from a Bridge Weight in Motion (BWIM) system to monitor its traffic, to assess the fatigue of the bridge due to increased traffic.The paper aims to assess the performance of the Normandy bridge. For that purpose, first, the Normandy bridge is introduced, along with available monitoring helping assess the state of the bridge and manage it. Second, the performance indicators and the key performance indicators are estimated for this bridge. The objective is to verify if the bridge fulfills the pre‐specified performance goals. In the end, a quality control plan for the Normandy bridge is suggested for implementation.
Measurements, Simulation, Analysis and Geolocation in a Digital Twin tool for bridge management
Authors: Chacón Rolando , Ramonell Carlos , Posada Hector , Tomar Rahul , de la Rosa Christian Martínez , Stipanovic Irina 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a digital‐twin based tool that can be used for bridge management. The tool offers various capabilities that include embedding BIM geometries, simulations, measurements, GIS location, and performance analysis. These features enable efficient and effective management of bridges by providing detailed information and analysis of the bridge's performance, which can help in identifying potential issues and implementing appropriate solutions. The methodology represents one of the outcomes of Ashvin, an H2020 project aimed to providing assistant solution for design, construction and management of infrastructure systems. The hitherto obtained findings include this digital tool which can be of practical and beneficial use for bridge owners and operators, as it can help them to organize and centralize the bridge data in a way it helps making informed decisions regarding the maintenance, repair, and replacement of bridges. Overall, this paper highlights the importance of embracing technology in the management of critical infrastructure such as bridges, which can significantly improve their performance and extend their lifespan.
DATA‐INFORMED SAFETY ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURES
Authors: Darò Paola , Longo Monica , Mancini Giuseppe , Negri Serena , Vliet Agnieszka Bigaj‐van , Allaix Diego Lorenzo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBridges and tunnels are critical elements of the transport infrastructures network as they have often reached their design service life and are subject to unforeseen effects due to accidental actions, climate change or degradation processes. A thorough assessment process of the existing structures, aimed to support a preventive maintenance approach, is crucial at both European and national level. The assessment of existing concrete structures differs from the design of new assets, as the resisting models given are no longer valid with ongoing deterioration mechanisms. It is recommended to formulate the limit states considering the suspected damage mechanisms, with respect to adjusted target reliability levels in verifications. Existing assets also benefits from the availability of information related to the structural condition and the action effect on structures. As such, the EU Commission opened in 2019 the CSA call “Monitoring and safety of transport infrastructure”, granted to the IM‐SAFE project consortium and addressed in this paper, which specifically focuses on the proposal for further amendments to the existing EU standards on reliability assessment considering inspections, monitoring and testing and a new standard for preventive maintenance of transport infrastructure.
How to close the gap between applied strategies for infrastructure maintenance planning and the current state of research?
Authors: Köhler Jochen , Allaix Diego Lorenzo , Vliet Agnieszka Bigaj‐van 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBridges and tunnels are the critical parts of the transport infrastructure. The efficient maintenance of their structural performance during service life requires strategies for scheduling inspections and possible structural and/or organization interventions over time. Infrastructure owners have developed such strategies that are characterized by a corrective (failure based) and predetermined preventive (e.g. time‐based or use‐based) maintenance approach. It is broadly recognized that the currently applied strategies do not provide the basis for the optimal allocation of resources into maintenance of bridges and tunnels of the traffic infrastructure. The complexity of defining efficient and proactive maintenance strategies of structures is also well recognized by the academia, and promising solutions for maintenance decision‐making based on structural reliability methods and Bayesian Decision Theory have been developed and broadly discussed in the last decades. The suggested methods have, in principle, the potential to become the basis for efficient decision making in bridge and tunnel maintenance. However, they are not yet well implemented in a practical context.In the current contribution we identify the gap between the technological developments in research and the corresponding applied knowledge in practice. Furthermore, we discuss how this gap might be closed. Special emphasis is directed to the corresponding role of standardization and education.
Multiple hazard assessment of bridges considering interdependencies
Authors: Stefanidou Sotiria , Markogiannaki Olga , Mikes Ioannis , Fragiadakis Michalis 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBridges are in direct interaction with the environment and thus are exposed to various natural hazards such as earthquakes and floods, that may result in severe damage and substantial direct and indirect losses. The multiple hazard events may be subsequent single events (e.g., a flood event followed by an earthquake) or combined multi‐hazard events (e.g., cascading ground failure event after an earthquake). The effect of multiple hazards on bridge fragility is related to the damage level of the bridge components and the associated failure mechanisms that may compromise the roadway network functionality. The scope of this work is to propose an approach for the multiple‐hazard assessment of bridges considering subsequent events and different damage scenarios of critical bridge components, i.e. piers, bearings and abutments. Therefore, the effect of the damage level of critical bridge components and their interdependence on the fragility assessment for subsequent hazard events is investigated. Different damage scenarios and hazard sequences are studied, providing insight into the damage mechanisms and the accumulation of damage. The approach is applied to the multiple hazard assessment of a case study typical riverine bridge in Greece and the results are comparatively discussed.
A common data environment for value‐driven data management in German road construction
Authors: Matthei Jonathan , Gölzhäuser Peter , Klemt‐Albert Katharina , Schulze Christian , Moharekpour Milad , Plattenteich Andreas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the BIM method has been increasingly used in pilot projects for the planning and realization of road construction projects. Due to the strong political demand to expand the applications fields of BIM, there is also an increasing demand for a common data environment (CDE), as the central component of a successful and consistent BIM application [1]. In this context, uniform requirements, which currently exist only to a limited extent, are necessary to implement and successfully use a CDE in road construction. Based on a qualitative research approach questioning employees of state road administrations and a market analysis conducted through a qualitative study with CDE suppliers, a specification book for further CDE usage in road construction is being provided. In this context, functional and non‐functional requirements must be complied in order to implement and use a CDE in road construction successfully. Future research needs to take an in‐depth look at the operational phase and the challenges that arise when most state road administrations implement a CDE area‐wide.
Assessment of artificial intelligence‐ based techniques for the estimation of pile group scour depth
Authors: Jafari‐Asl Jafar , Seghier Mohamed El Amine Ben , Panagiotis Spyridis , Strauss Alfred 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe scour phenomenon around piles is regarded as one of the main causes of serious damages to the pile‐supported structures such as bridges, jetties, wind turbines, and offshore platforms threatening their stability and sustainability in the long term. Thus, accurate forecast of scouring is vital for the design and operation of these structures. In this paper, three artificial intelligence‐based techniques including support vector regression, artificial neural network and random forest were applied to predict the local scour depth around pile groups. An experimental dataset is collected and used to construct the machine learning‐based models. The sediment number, shields parameter spacing, Keulegan‐Carpenter number and pile Reynolds number were used as input variables for the model development. Results assessment indicate that the artificial neural network model anticipated the highest performance among the three machine learning based models, with coefficient of determination of 0.97, and root mean square error of 0.15.
Vulnerability to traffic loads of typical Italian bridges in relation to the evolution of the code framework
Authors: Bozza Stefano , Fasan Marco , Noè Salvatore 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOver the last century, the definition of the design traffic loads for Italian road bridges has undergone a continuous evolution, starting from the first code in 1933 up to the current code. The changes in the arrangement and in the intensity of the design loads that have occurred over the years resulted in significant variations, both decreasing and increasing the overall static demand required to the bridges compared to previous codes.As part of a broader study on the structural risk of existing bridges with respect to traffic loads, it is certainly of interest to investigate the influence of the adopted design code on the risk itself. The paper presents some of the results of a study conducted with this purpose, regarding Prestressed Concrete beam‐and slab bridges with simply supported spans, one of the most common typology among bridges with medium‐small span.The comparison between historical codes and current one is carried out in terms of internal forces of the most stressed girder, taking into account the transverse distribution of loads. The study can provide useful elements for the definition of a fast procedure for the preliminary assessment of typical existing Italian bridges based on the geometric characteristics of the decks and their design age.
Load‐Bearing Capacity of Support Block for Temporary Bridge Girder End with L‐Shaped Notch
Authors: Li Ruoxi , Chen Yu , Matsuda Isao , Azuma Hirotoshi , Yamaguchi Takashi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRecently, temporary bridges have been developed to facilitate rescue operations and minimize damage to affected areas. High‐strength bolts are preferred for end‐plate connections to expedite construction, reducing the bolt count. Regarding parts reusability, we propose an I‐girder designed with an L‐shaped notch and a novel support block as a structural member. Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis was conducted to investigate the girder end's buckling behavior and failure mode and to verify the effect of the support block's geometry and bolt arrangement on load‐bearing capacity. The findings indicate that the load‐bearing capacity of the girder end with the support block is equivalent to that of a standard I‐girder end, despite reducing the area of the support block's effective compression area by 40% under shear force and bending moment.
Incorporating measurement data to improve the fatigue assessment of steel bridges
Authors: Kwapisz Maciej , Pissermayr Sebastian , Lachinger Stefan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFatigue calculations of steel bridges are particularly vulnerable to inaccuracies in stress assessment. Their accurate evaluation ensures structural safety and can contribute to extending the remaining service life of many structures. The following study deals with the incorporation of measured data into fatigue assessment based on FE calculations using the trains operating on site. The bridge under study was equipped with a large number of strain gauges to capture the global and local effects of train passages. In addition, some strain gauges were placed on both rails to determine train speeds and axle forces. A detailed finite element model of the bridge was created and the strains caused by selected detected trains were blindly compared with measured values. Although a fairly good agreement was obtained for most strain gauges without the need for model updating, some sensors did not comply with the measured values. In order to achieve better agreement, a model update was performed. The authors concluded with a comparison of the original and updated models and the determined operating trains with regard to the fatigue calculations and discussed the added value.
Prediction of corrosion rates in view of climate change with rising temperatures
Authors: Moro Fabrizio , Keβler Sylvia , Landi Filippo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCorrosion of steel in concrete is a complex process with many factors influencing its kinetics. Especially under on‐site condition, the prediction of corrosion rates is a challenge since many influencing factors such as the temperature change constantly. The whole corrosion process is the concert of three sub‐processes: (i) the anodic reaction rate, (ii) the cathodic reaction rate and (iii) the electrolytic conductivity of the concrete. Each of the processes show temperature dependency and existing corrosion monitoring systems record either data to evaluate part of the processes or the resulting corrosion rate. For service life estimates, prediction of corrosion rates is necessary. Consequently, the knowledge on the temperature effect on the corrosion rate is crucial, especially in view of rising temperatures due to climate change. This paper presents an overview on the existing knowledge on the temperature dependency on the corrosion rates; highlights the analysis of temperature data and provides guidance for service life prediction.
Multi‐risk assessment for bridges: the application of the Italian Guidelines
Authors: Sano Silvia Di , Costa Giancarlo , Giordano Pier Francesco , Pregnolato Maria , Limongelli Maria Pina 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBridges are essential elements in the built environment since they underpin the functioning of transportation systems. Nevertheless, they are vulnerable due to aggressive environment, demand beyond the design level, and other contingencies such as extreme events. The management of bridges represents a significant challenge for improving transport performance and ensure the safety of users. In Italy, bridge management is addressed by the recent “Guidelines for risk classification and management, safety evaluation and monitoring of existing bridges” which were issued by the Italian Ministry for Public Work in 2020. The guidelines propose an operational approach with distinctive characteristics: (i) risk‐based, i.e., based on the typical parameters of hazard, vulnerability, and exposure; (ii) multi‐level, i.e., they include six assessment levels (0‐5) of increasing complexity; and (iii) multi‐risk, i.e., they assess structural/foundation, seismic, hydrological and landslide risk. This paper presents a general overview of the 2020 Italian Guidelines and their application to a selected case study. Lessons from the application to the case study are drafted and possible criticalities highlighted.
Analytical Study on Yield Resistance for Staggered Arranged High Strength Bolted Frictional Joints
Authors: Qian Lin , Sakura Ryo , Yamaguchi Takashi , Hayashi Gen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe yield resistance of a high strength bolted frictional joint is evaluated based on the designed net cross‐section area. The Japanese Specifications for Highway Bridges specifies a designed net cross‐section area could be increased by a factor of 1.1 in the verification of the net cross‐section yield resistance at Serviceability Limit State in high strength bolted frictional joint where the bolts are placed in grid arrangement. In the design of a staggered arranged high strength bolted frictional joint, the width of strip to be deducted from the transverse section on account of a staggered arrangement w is used. And the width of strip w is negative when p2/(4g) is larger than d0. However, the designed net cross‐section area of a staggered arranged high strength bolted frictional joint is unclear. In this study, FE analysis of staggered arranged high strength bolted frictional joint was carried out by varying the number of bolts in the top column k and the gauge distance transverse to the loading g as parameters. The results indicated that in some cases, the ratio of the net cross‐section yield resistance predicted by FE analysis to the designed net cross‐section yield resistance may be less than 1.1, but a factor of 1.1 can be applied with a suitable arrangement.
Autonomous IoT for Condition Monitoring, Assessment and Predictive Maintenance ‐ Advances
Authors: Burtscher Stefan L. , Huber Peter , Binder Fritz , Bauer Hannes 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRocket NG is a startup with experts in civil engineering, electronics, and network engineering. We offer and operate a self‐developed end‐to‐end IoT system for condition monitoring, condition assessment and predictive maintenance. The system is reliable and ease to apply.In this paper the autonomous monitoring system is discussed regarding security, reliability, ease of use and artificial intelligence on the edge (smart algorithms used on the nodes). Additionally, the importance of an easy installation and an intuitive data representation are on discussion.Five applications will be presented. The first application is a crack monitoring on a cantilever bridge. There, different data acquisition modes will be shown for the assessment of static loads, dynamic loads and temperature induced displacements. The second application shows the crack width opening due to heavy transport. The third application addresses the wetting and drying of chloride contaminated water in a concrete wall beside a motorway. The fourth is a monitoring of a passive cathodic protection system. Finally, a digitalization of an analog legacy Extensometer is shown.