bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating black hole spin from AGN SED fitting: the impact of general-relativistic ray tracing
Authors: Hagen Scott , Done Chris 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Accretion disc model fitting to optical/UV quasar spectra requires that the highest mass black holes have the highest spin, with implications on the hierarchical growth of supermassive black holes and their host galaxies over cosmic time. However, these accretion disc models did not include the effects of relativistic ray tracing. Here, we show that gravitational redshift cancels out most of the increase in temperature and luminosity from the smaller radii characteristic of high spin. Disc models which include the self-consistent general relativistic ray tracing do not fit the UV spectra of the most massive quasars (log M/M⊙ ≥ 9.5), most likely showing that the disc structure is very different to that assumed. We extend the relativistic ray tracing on more complex disc models, where the emission is not limited to (colour-temperature-corrected) blackbody radiation but can instead be emitted as warm and hot Comptonization. We demonstrate this on the broad-band (UV/X-ray) spectrum of Fairall 9, a local intensively monitored ‘bare’ active galactic nucleus (no significant intrinsic cold or warm absorption). We show that including relativistic corrections does make a difference even to these more complex models, but caution that the inferred black hole spin depends on the assumed nature and geometry of the accretion flow. Additionally, we make our model code publicly available, and name it relagn.
Revisiting mass–radius relationships for exoplanet populations: a machine learning insight
Authors: Mousavi-Sadr M , Jassur D M , Gozaliasl G 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
The growing number of exoplanet discoveries and advances in machine learning techniques have opened new avenues for exploring and understanding the characteristics of worlds beyond our Solar system. In this study, we employ efficient machine learning approaches to analyse a data set comprising 762 confirmed exoplanets and eight Solar system planets, aiming to characterize their fundamental quantities. By applying different unsupervised clustering algorithms, we classify the data into two main classes: ‘small’ and ‘giant’ planets, with cut-off values at Rp = 8.13R⊕ and Mp = 52.48M⊕. This classification reveals an intriguing distinction: giant planets have lower densities, suggesting higher H–He mass fractions, while small planets are denser, composed mainly of heavier elements. We apply various regression models to uncover correlations between physical parameters and their predictive power for exoplanet radius. Our analysis highlights that planetary mass, orbital period, and stellar mass play crucial roles in predicting exoplanet radius. Among the models evaluated, the Support Vector Regression consistently outperforms others, demonstrating its promise for obtaining accurate planetary radius estimates. Furthermore, we derive parametric equations using the M5P and Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods. Notably, our study reveals a noteworthy result: small planets exhibit a positive linear mass–radius relation, aligning with previous findings. Conversely, for giant planets, we observe a strong correlation between planetary radius and the mass of their host stars, which might provide intriguing insights into the relationship between giant planet formation and stellar characteristics.
A radio bridge connecting the minihalo and phoenix in the Abell 85 cluster
Authors: Raja Ramij , Rahaman Majidul , Datta Abhirup , Smirnov Oleg M 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Galaxy clusters are located at the nodes of cosmic filaments and therefore host a lot of hydrodynamical activity. However, cool core clusters are considered to be relatively relaxed systems without much merging activity. The Abell 85 cluster is a unique example where the cluster hosts both a cool core and multiple ongoing merging processes. In this work, we used 700 MHz uGMRT as well as MeerKAT L-band observations, carried out as part of the MeerKAT Galaxy Cluster Legacy Survey (MGCLS), of the Abell 85. We reconfirm the presence of a minihalo in the cluster centre at 700 MHz that was recently discovered in MGCLS. Furthermore, we discovered a radio bridge connecting the central minihalo and the peripheral radio phoenix. The mean surface brightness, size, and flux density of the bridge at 700 MHz are found to be ∼0.14 µJy arcsec−2, ∼220 kpc, and ∼4.88 mJy, respectively, with a spectral index of $\alpha _{700}^{1.28} = -0.92$. Although the origin of the seed relativistic electrons is still unknown, turbulent reacceleration caused by both the spiralling sloshing gas in the intracluster medium and the post-shock turbulence from the outgoing merging shock associated with the phoenix formation may be responsible for the bridge.
Assessment of clinical and radiological characteristics of Japanese patients with synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis syndrome
Authors: Mori Yu , Izumiyama Takuya , Okuno Hiroshi , Watanuki Munenori , Kanabuchi Ryuichi , Yoshida Shinichiro , Iwatsu Jun , Mori Naoko , Aizawa Toshimi 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective
This study aimed to analyse the radiological characteristics and clinical diversity of Japanese patients with synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome, a heterogeneous disorder.

Methods
Radiographs and clinical information from 115 Japanese patients (female/male: 81/34; mean age at onset: 48.7 years) diagnosed with SAPHO syndrome between January 2007 and December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Additionally, the treatment for SAPHO syndrome was explored.

Results
Among the 115 patients, 70 patients had complications, including palmoplantar pustulosis, acne, or psoriasis. Imaging studies included bone scintigraphy, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and positron emission tomography in 71, 58, 70, and 23 patients, respectively. The most frequent lesions were arthritis and hyperostosis of the sternoclavicular joints in 96 patients; spinal lesions, including sacroiliac arthritis, were observed in 85 patients. Peripheral aseptic osteitis was observed in 22 patients, and the tibia was involved in 12. The treatments consisted of analgesics, bisphosphonates, conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, and biologics (tumour necrosis factor inhibitors and interleukin-23p19 inhibitors) in 85, 15, 23, and 10 patients (8 and 2 patients), respectively.

Conclusions
Sternoclavicular hyperostosis and pustulosis are frequently observed in patients with SAPHO syndrome. Biological agents were more frequently used in patients with peripheral osteitis and arthritis.
Models for Mozart’s Transitions: A Transatlantic Exchange
Authors: Martin Nathan John , Kaiser Ulrich 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis research note comprises two interlinked texts. The first is a short essay that, developing ideas from Ulrich Kaiser’s (2009) article on Mozart’s transitions, isolates and theorizes a particular transition pattern (the “Prinner transition”) and then illustrates with a series of analyses. The second is a response from Kaiser clarifying the difference between Gjerdingen’s Prinner and his own 4^−1^ (fa–ut) model. The immediate theoretical issues in play involve the relationship between schema theory, formal functions, and voice-leading reduction as well as differences between Anglo-American and Germanic understandings of schemata and models.
Poroelastic behavior and water permeability of human skin at the nanoscale
Authors: Oftadeh Ramin , Azadi Mojtaba , Donovan Mark , Langer Jessica , Liao I-Chien , Ortiz Christine , Grodzinsky Alan J , Luengo Gustavo S 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Topical skin care products and hydrating compositions (moisturizers or injectable fillers) have been used for years to improve the appearance of, for example facial wrinkles, or to increase “plumpness”. Most of the studies have addressed these changes based on the overall mechanical changes associated with an increase in hydration state. However, little is known about the water mobility contribution to these changes as well as the consequences to the specific skin layers. This is important as the biophysical properties and the biochemical composition of normal stratum corneum, epithelium, and dermis vary tremendously from one another.
Our current studies and results reported here have focused on a novel approach (dynamic atomic force microscopy-based nanoindentation) to quantify biophysical characteristics of individual layers of ex vivo human skin. We have discovered that our new methods are highly sensitive to the mechanical properties of individual skin layers, as well as their hydration properties. Furthermore, our methods can assess the ability of these individual layers to respond to both compressive and shear deformations. In addition, since human skin is mechanically loaded over a wide range of deformation rates (frequencies), we studied the biophysical properties of skin over a wide frequency range. The poroelasticity model used helps to quantify the hydraulic permeability of the skin layers, providing an innovative method to evaluate and interpret the impact of hydrating compositions on water mobility of these different skin layers.
Evaluation of belimumab in treatment of Chinese childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: a prospective analysis from a multicentre study
Authors: Wang Li , Liang Xiaohua , Cao Zhilang , Wang Dahai , Luo Ying , Feng Yuan , Luo Chong , Zhi Shufeng , Huang Yiling , Fan Zhidan , Wang Chaoying , Liu Haimei , Liu Jinxiang , Zhang Tianyu , Cheng Qiuting , Xie Xue , Shuai Lanjun , Rong Zanhua , Zeng Ping , Yu Haiguo , Lu Meiping , Sun Li , Yang Sirui , Zhao Dongmei , Zhang Wei , Wu Xiaochuan , Li Qiu , Wang Yajun , Zhang Qiuye , Yang Jun , Li Xiaoqing , Song Hongmei , Tang Xuemei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study is to identify whether low lupus disease activity status (LLDAS) and clinical remission (CR) of belimumab plus standard of care (SoC) therapy are achievable goals in childhood-onset SLE (cSLE).

Methods
This multicentre, one arm pre-post intervention study was conducted at 15 centres in China. The primary end point was to describe the proportion of patients who achieved LLDAS and CR after 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment with belimumab plus SoC therapy. A multiple regression model was used to impute missing data. A Poisson regression model was used to calculate the effect of belimumab treatment on the reduced risk of serious diseases and the incidence of new damage.

Result
A total of 193 (92.2% female) with active cSLE from 15 centres were included. At 3, 6 and 12 months, the proportion of LLDAS (CR) was 12.4% (1.0%), 25.6% (4.5%) and 70.3% (29.7%), respectively. The mean SELENA-SLEDAI score decreased from 11.0 at baseline to 3.7, 2.9 and 1.7 at 3, 6 and 12 months. At baseline, all patients received steroids at a mean (s.d.) prednisone equivalent dose of 31.0 (18.2) mg/day, which decreased to 19.4 (10.8) mg/day at month 3, 12.6 (7.2) mg/day at month 6 and 6.7 (5.3) mg/day at month 12. The symptoms and immunological indicators were also significantly improved.

Conclusion
This is the first and largest sample size prospective clinical intervention study of cSLE patients treated with belimumab in China. LLDAS and CR were attainable treat-to-target of belimumab plus SoC therapy in cSLE.
Automated Generation of hiPSC-Derived Hepatic Progeny by Cost-Efficient Compounds
Authors: Vanmarcke Gert , Sai-Hong Chui Jonathan , Cooreman Axelle , De Vos Kristof , Cleuren Lana , Van Rossom Rob , García-Llorens Guillem , Izuel Idoype Teresa , Boon Ruben , Kumar Gautam Manoj , Castell José V , Annaert Pieter , Lluis Frederic , Verfaillie Catherine M 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) hold great promise for liver disease modeling, drug discovery, and drug toxicity screens. Yet, several hurdles still need to be overcome, including among others decrease in the cost of goods to generate HLCs and automation of the differentiation process. We here describe that the use of an automated liquid handling system results in highly reproducible HLC differentiation from hPSCs. This enabled us to screen 92 chemicals to replace expensive growth factors at each step of the differentiation protocol to reduce the cost of goods of the differentiation protocol by approximately 79%. In addition, we also evaluated several recombinant extracellular matrices to replace Matrigel. We demonstrated that differentiation of hPSCs on Laminin-521 using an optimized small molecule combination resulted in HLCs that were transcriptionally identical to HLCs generated using the growth factor combinations. In addition, the HLCs created using the optimized small molecule combination secreted similar amounts of albumin and urea, and relatively low concentrations of alfa-fetoprotein, displayed similar CYP3A4 functionality, and a similar drug toxicity susceptibility as HLCs generated with growth factor cocktails. The broad applicability of the new differentiation protocol was demonstrated for 4 different hPSC lines. This allowed the creation of a scalable, xeno-free, and cost-efficient hPSC-derived HLC culture, suitable for high throughput disease modeling and drug screenings, or even for the creation of HLCs for regenerative therapies.
The 2022 FASEB Virtual Catalyst Conference on the Cardiac Interatrial Septum and Stroke Risk, December 7, 2022
Authors: Schilling Jonathan , Lin Jeannette P. , Mankad Sunil V. , Krishnam Mayil S. , Ning MingMing , Patel Pranav M. , Kim Chi Kyung , Kapoor Ruchi , Di Tullio Marco R. , Jung Jinman , Kim Jin Kyung , Fisher Mark J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThere is emerging evidence that the cardiac interatrial septum has an important role as a thromboembolic source for ischemic strokes. There is little consensus on treatment of patients with different cardiac interatrial morphologies or pathologies who have had stroke. In this paper, we summarize the important background, diagnostic, and treatment considerations for this patient population as presented during the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB) Virtual Catalytic Conference on the Cardiac Interatrial Septum and Stroke Risk, held on December 7, 2022. During this conference, many aspects of the cardiac interatrial septum were discussed. Among these were the embryogenesis of the interatrial septum and development of anatomic variants such as patent foramen ovale and left atrial septal pouch. Also addressed were various mechanisms of injury such as shunting physiologies and the consequences that can result from anatomic variants, as well as imaging considerations in echocardiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment options including anticoagulation and closure were addressed, as well as an in‐depth discussion on whether the left atrial septal pouch is a stroke risk factor. These issues were discussed and debated by multiple experts from neurology, cardiology, and radiology.
Evaluation of the Role of Preoperative Oral Amisulpride as Part of a Multimodal Antiemetic Prophylaxis Regime on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Undergoing Craniotomy: A Prospective, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Study
Authors: Gupta Anubha , Gupta Devendra , Gupta Pragya , Haldar Rudrashish , Verma Ruchi , Mishra Prabhaker , Srivastava Shashi 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Patients undergoing craniotomy are at high risk for postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) despite the use of prophylactic antiemetics. We hypothesized that a single preoperative oral dose of amisulpride as part of a multimodal antiemetic regimen would decrease the incidence of PONV in patients undergoing craniotomy for intracranial tumor surgery.

Methods:
Adult patients scheduled for elective craniotomy requiring general anesthesia were enrolled and randomized to receive either oral amisulpride 25 mg or placebo 2 hours before surgery in addition to our institution’s usual antiemetic regimen. The primary outcome of the study was the incidence of nausea and/or vomiting during the first 24 hours postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included severity of nausea, use of rescue antiemetic medications, and treatment-related adverse events.

Results:
A total of 100 patients were included in the analysis. More patients in the amisulpride group had no episodes of nausea (90% vs. 40%; P<0.001) and no episodes of vomiting (94% vs. 46%; P<0.001) compared with the placebo group. The severity of nausea was lower in the amisulpride group than in the control group in the first 4 hours after surgery (P<0.05), and fewer patients receiving amisulpride required rescue antiemetics (P<0.001). The incidence of treatment-related adverse events was similar between groups.

Conclusions:
A single preoperative oral dose of amisulpride 25 mg as a component of a multimodal antiemetic regimen decreased the incidence and severity of PONV in patients undergoing craniotomy for intracranial tumor surgery, with no adverse effects.
Sclerotherapy off the Lower Extremities: A Single-Center Retrospective Study of Veins Treated on the Dorsal Hands and Chest
Authors: Verma Kritin K. , Ramesh Malvika , Nguyen Megan , Friedmann Daniel P. 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND
Few studies have evaluated the safety and efficacy of treatment of cosmetic dorsal hand and chest/breast veins.

OBJECTIVE
To retrospectively evaluate results of dorsal hand and chest vein foam sclerotherapy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A retrospective chart review of dorsal hand and chest vein sclerotherapy patients at a dermatology practice was performed between January 2014 and April 2023.

RESULTS
Fifty-five patients (54 female and 1 male patients) with a mean age of 55.8 ± 10.5 (31–83) years underwent treatment. Mean number of sessions for dorsal hand (n = 41) and chest (n = 14) patients were 1.5 ± 0.9 (1–5) and 1.6 ± 1.2 (1–5), respectively. Both groups were predominantly treated with 0.2% sodium tetradecyl sulfate or 0.5% polidocanol foam. Rate of coagulum formation across all sessions in the dorsal hands and chest was 15.2% and 3.0%, respectively. Vein induration, edema, postsclerotherapy hyperpigmentation, and persistent erythema were rarely seen. No patients experienced superficial venous thrombophlebitis, erosion/ulceration, telangiectatic matting, or neurologic side effects. Seventy-five percent and 63.2% of chest and hand patients, respectively, demonstrated significant clinical improvement at 3-month follow-up, although not systematically evaluated.

CONCLUSION
Foam sclerotherapy of dorsal hand and chest veins with detergent sclerosing agents is safe and effective with mild, self-limited adverse events.
Perceptual Barriers to Becoming a Plastic Surgeon among Underrepresented Medical Students
Authors: Williams Abraham A. , Bruce Madeleine K. , Beiriger Justin W. , Kass Nicolás M. , Littleton Eliza Beth , Nguyen Vu T. , De La Cruz Carolyn , Rubin Joseph Peter , Losee Joseph E. , Goldstein Jesse A. 
Published: August 2023

Background:
The field of plastic surgery has experienced difficulty increasing diversity among trainees, despite significant efforts. Barriers to recruitment of underrepresented in medicine (URM) students are poorly understood. This study assesses URM students’ exposure to plastic surgery, access to mentors and research opportunities, and the importance of diversity in the field.

Methods:
A survey was designed and distributed to members of the Student National Medical Association over 3 months. Survey data were collected using Qualtrics and descriptive statistics, and logistical regressions were performed using SAS.

Results:
Of the 136 respondents, 75.0% identified as Black (n = 102/136), and 57.4% (n = 66/115) reported a plastic surgery program at their home institution. Of the total respondents, 97.7% (n = 127/130) were concerned about racial representation in plastic surgery, and 44.9% (n = 53/114) would be more likely to apply if there were better URM representation. Most respondents disagreed that there was local (73.4%, n = 58/79) or national (79.2%, n = 57/72) interest in URM recruitment. Students whose plastic surgery programs had outreach initiatives were more likely to have attending (OR 11.7, P < 0.05) or resident mentors (OR 3.0 P < 0.05) and access to research opportunities (OR 4.3, P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
URM students feel there is an evident lack of interest in recruiting URM applicants in plastic surgery. Programs with outreach initiatives are more likely to provide URM students access to mentorship and research opportunities, allowing students to make informed decisions about pursuing plastic surgery.
Rates of recurrent retinal detachment following vaginal versus cesarean deliveries: A retrospective analysis and review of the literature
Authors: Shemer Asaf , Zloto Keren , Peretz Ziv , Eting Eva , Or Lior , Pras Eran , Dubinsky-Pertzov Biana 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
to evaluate the risk for a retinal re-detachment in women following vaginal delivery versus cesarean delivery.

Methods:
Retrospective cohort analysis of patients diagnosed with a retinal detachment that had later delivered in one tertiary medical center. Recurrence rates of retinal detachment were obtained from medical charts.

Results:
A total of 967 women with retinal detachments were evaluated and 66 patients met the inclusion criteria. Mean age at the time of retinal detachment was 22.64±5.81 SD years and 21.75±5.47 SD years in the vaginal delivery group and the cesarean-section group, respectively. None of the patients had a history of eye surgery or traumatic eye injury prior to the event of retinal detachment. In all patients, the detached retina was surgically reattached. Retinal detachment was not recorded in the fellow eye during follow-up time. We report four cases of re-detachment following birth in four women. In our study, there was a 5% rate (n=2) of retinal detachment after vaginal delivery as compared to a 7.5% (n=2) re-detachment rate for patients following cesarean delivery (p=0.654).

Conclusions:
The risk for a re-detachment of the retina in women is not increased following a vaginal delivery as compared to cesarean delivery. Therefore, in our opinion, there is no ophthalmic benefit in a cesarean section for a woman with prior retinal detachment.