bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moringa oleifera fruit extract as a potential antioxidant against liver injury by 2-Nitropropane induction in obese male mice model: pre-clinical study
Authors: Thadeus Maria Selvester , Susantiningsih Tiwuk , Muktamiroh Hikmah , Fauziah Cut , Citrawati Mila , Irmarahayu Agneta , Wahyuningsih Sri , Harjono Hadiwiardjo Yanti , Yusmaini Hany , Bahar Meiskha , Zulfa Fajriati , Agustini Diana , Chairani Aulia 
Published: March 2023

Background: Moringa oleifera fruit extract contains beneficial chemical compounds. This study was conducted to observed the power of antioxidant against liver injury by 2-Nitropropane induction in an obese male mice model. Methods: This research was in vivo laboratory experimental study with a post-test control design group only. The population was obese male mice models, Swiss strain, aged 6–8 weeks, weighing between 60–80 gr. The research sample was determined by Federer's formula for a complete randomized design experimental test, group N (control), O1 (induced by 2-Nitropropane intraperitoneal (i.p) once), O2 (induced by 2-Nitropropane i.p twice), P1 (induced by 2-Nitropropane i.p. once and gavage with M. oleifera fruit extract 500mg/kg bodyweight (BW) once a day), P2 (induced by 2-Nitropropane i.p. twice and gavage of M. oleifera fruit extract 500mg/kg BW once a day), and P3 (induced by 2-Nitropropane i.p. twice and gavage of vitamin C 500mg/kg BW once a day). Antioxidant potential parameters were measured by levels of malondialdehide (MDA), glutation (GSH), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), catalase activity, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT). This research was held at the Biochemistry laboratory of Medicine Faculty, UPN Veteran Jakarta in May–September 2020. Analysis was carried out using SPSS version 20.0. The parameters were tested using ANOVA. Results: MDA levels decreased, GSH increased, 8-OHdG decreased, catalase activity increased, MnSOD activity increased and SGOT, SGPT levels decreased. M. oleifera fruit extract was statistically proven to be a candidate for potential antioxidant against liver injury of 2-Nitropropane induction in obese male mice model. Conclusions: M. oleifera fruit extract was statistically evident as an antioxidant substance that reduces oxidative stress in acute liver injury caused by 2-Nitropropane induction.
Influence of leftover antibiotics on self-medication in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Al-Mehmadi Bader , Alsubaie Saad , Al-Morikhi Omar , Alqahtani Fawaz , Almutairi Waad , Al-Mutairi Maryam , Alotaibi Mohammed , Alenazi Saud , Alanazi Khalid 
Published: March 2023

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is increasing at an alarming rate. The use of antibiotics without a prescription by a patient or other family members and their inappropriate storage have caused serious health issues as it would lead to antibiotic resistance and exposure to risk of harmful adverse effects unnecessarily. Exploring causes behind their storage in homes and reuse will help us identify the problem in depth and help in recommending effective solutions. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Our target study population was the residents of Saudi Arabia. Data were collected by an online questionnaire and analysed by SPSS. Results: A total of 738 participants answered the online questionnaire, from all ages, genders, nationalities, and different socioeconomic backgrounds residing in different regions across the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 76.42% knew that an antibiotic is a chemical substance used to treat infections. The participants were questioned about when do they start using antibiotics, to which 95.66% (n=706) responded, after consulting a physician, 3.25% (n=24) said when they felt ill for any reason, and 1.08% (n=8) replied after first attempting herbal medicine. 147 participants admitted that they store excess pills of antibiotics after being prescribed for an infection and re-use them later on for symptoms like sore throat and fever. Conclusions: Although strict measures have been put into effect from the Saudi Ministry of Health to reduce antimicrobial resistance caused by misuse of antibiotics by restricting the dispense of antibiotics from pharmacies without a medical prescription, a large portion of the population regardless of age, level of education, or professional background, have continued to store excess pills of antibiotics after an infection treatment and re-use them once they think they need them for new symptoms. This advises for further revision of the current measures to fill those gaps and reduce this habit.
A first Tunisian pilot study investigating sexual dysfunctions in patients with hemophilia.
Authors: Zahra Kmira , Bouselama Emna , cherif wided , aidli rim , Bannour Rania , amamou badii , fathallah neila , zaier monia , ben sayed nesrine , ben youssef yosra , Regaieg Haifa , Khelif Abderrahim 
Published: March 2023

Background: Little data is actually available on sexual health problems with sexual activity, and intimacy (sexual difficulty) in patients with hemophilia (PWH). We conducted this study to determine the prevalence of sexual difficulty in PWH and to determine factors associated with erectile dysfunction (ED). Methods: Based on The International Index of Erectile Function 15 (IIEF-15) questionnaire, we evaluated ED and other sexual problems in PWH. Results: Forty-Three (43) PWH were included in our study. The mean age was 33 years. Fourteen (32.6%) respondents were identified as having severe disease. The majority (93%) suffered from erectile dysfunction. Lack of desire and orgasm was observed in 76.7% of cases each. Lack of sexual satisfaction and global satisfaction were noted in 83.7% of cases and 88.4% of cases, respectively. Among PWH, older age was associated with ED. Conclusion: Our study illustrates the need for programs to assess and improve the sexual health of PWH in comprehensive hemophilia care.
Effect of anti-retroviral regimen on proximal tubular function in Zambian adolescents and young adults living with HIV: A cross sectional study
Authors: Mweemba Aggrey , Kelly Paul , Heimburger Douglas C. , Mutale Wilbroad , Nzala Selestine , Wester C. William , Banda Justor , Mulenga Lloyd , Siwingwa Mpanji , Todd Jim 
Published: March 2023

Background: Tenofovir regimens remain the preferred formulations in the HIV guidelines for adolescents and young adults in Zambia and globally. However, some adolescents and young adults are maintained on abacavir by clinicians because of anxiety about possible proximal tubular dysfunction from tenofovir. We assessed the effect of two regimens on proximal tubular function in adolescents and young adults living with HIV. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 180 participants with HIV receiving either tenofovir or abacavir for ≥12 months at the largest tertiary teaching hospital. Two first-morning urine and blood specimens were collected and analyzed for proximal tubular markers, glomerular function, electrolytes, and routine monitoring tests. Proximal tubular function was determined by measuring the fractional excretion of phosphate (FePO4). Proximal tubular dysfunction was defined by FePO4 ≥20% regardless of serum phosphate and FePO4 ≥10-20% when serum phosphate was below 0.81mmol/L. Results: The prevalence of proximal tubular dysfunction was 6% and was higher in the tenofovir group than the abacavir (10% vs. 2%, p<0.058). However, after adjusting for potential confounders, tenofovir was not associated with worse proximal tubular function. Age, urine b2-microglobulin: creatinine ratio, C-reactive protein, and urine protein: creatinine ratio was all associated with worsening proximal tubular dysfunction. Reduced estimated glomelurar filtration rate (eGFR) was found in four (2.2%) participants; three of which were on tenofovir. Conclusions: Proximal tubular dysfunction defined by FePO4 was more prevalent in the tenofovir group than the abacavir group, but not after adjusting for age. Our findings should be interpreted with caution as age differences between the two groups confounded the results.
Complex motivations of Japanese medical students to an online medical English course during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Azuma Miu , Nomura Osamu , Sakuma Takaya , Soma Yuki 
Published: March 2023

Background: In response to globalism, many East-Asian countries now include a Medical English course in their undergraduate medical education syllabus. Traditional didactic educational culture is a potential barrier for teaching and learning medical English in East-Asian countries. Online technology-based learning has been recognized as an effective instructional strategy for teaching medical English in the East. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the related attribute factors of students' motivation to learn medical English through an online modality. Methods: Of 134 eligible fourth-year medical students who participated in an online medical English course at a Japanese medical school, 105 were enrolled in this single cohort study. The participants completed pre- and post-course surveys regarding their motivation during the course, including perceived academic control and task value, and their assignment scores. A structural equation model was used to examine the hypothesized relationship of constructs, based on control-value theory. Results: The model showed a good fit for the data (χ 2[df=7] = 1.821, p=0.969, CFI = 1.000, RMSEA < 0.001, SRMR < 0.05, GFI = 0.993, AGFI = 0.980). The latent variables of the perceived course achievement related to the observed variables of academic control and task value scale scores, and negatively predicted willingness for self-study after course completion. In addition, the preference of English as the course language negatively predicted willingness for self-study of medical English. Conclusion: Choice of English as the language of instruction and perceived high course achievement negatively predicted students’ motivation for further English self-study after the class. The importance of incorporating the perspective of lifelong learning into the teaching of medical English was recognized.
Public engagement by early career researchers in East Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic: case studies from East Africa
Authors: K. Milugo Trizah , V. Mosha Mary , Wampande Eddie , Philemon Rune , N. Lwanga Immaculate , Seeley Janet , K. Sewankambo Nelson 
Published: March 2023

Background: Community engagement and involvement (CEI) in research usually depends on face-to-face interactions. However, the COVID-19 pandemic prevented such interactions because of national lockdowns and social distancing. This paper highlights the ways in which early career researchers from East Africa tackled CEI activities during the pandemic. Methods: We provide four case examples that illustrate how early-career researchers based in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania, deployed different approaches and initiatives to community-engaged research during the pandemic to encourage participation and uptake of research findings. Results: All the three early-career researchers attempted to use virtual/digital means to implement the CEI. However, in each country, this attempt was unsuccessful because of poor connectivity, as well as many poorer students lacking access to telephones and computers. Nevertheless, the researchers effectively engaged the students using different activities (making up songs, drawing comics, and taking part in quizzes) once the schools reopened. Conclusion: These results highlight the complexity of implementing community engagement and involvement in health research when face-to-face interaction is not possible. The findings are relevant to researchers who wish to incorporate community engagement in their research and initiatives.
Protocol for a systematic review of the evidence-based knowledge on the distribution, associated risk factors, the prevention and treatment modalities for noma
Authors: Maguire Brittany J. , Shrestha Poojan , Rashan Sumayyah , Shrestha Rujan , Harriss Elinor , Varenne Benoit , Guérin Philippe J. 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Noma (cancrum oris) is a devastating opportunistic infection resulting in severe tissue destruction that affects mouth and oro-facial structures. There are substantial gaps in our current knowledge and understanding of its aetiology, pathogenesis, prevention and treatment efficacy, as well as its distribution and burden. Although observed worldwide, the disease impacts the most vulnerable and marginalised populations, and is most reported in young children from sub-Saharan Africa. Noma often presents alongside conditions of extreme poverty, malnutrition and poor environmental sanitation. This protocol paper outlines the methodology for a systematic review planned to exhaustively synthesize the findings of the available noma literature. The project aims to generate an account of the present state of knowledge about the various aspects of noma to aid in framing effective strategies and interventions to curb this disease which disproportionately afflicts the poorest in society. Methods and analysis: The following databases have been searched by a medical librarian from database inception to 7 December 2022: OVID (MEDLINE/ Embase/ CAB abstracts/ Global Health), Scopus, Web of Science, African Index Medicus, African Journals Online: Health, French language search: Pascal, ClinicalTrials.gov, and WHO ICTRP. All primary research studies reporting on patients of any age diagnosed with noma will be eligible for inclusion in the review, including clinical trials, cohort studies, case-control, cross-sectional, other observational studies, case studies and case series. Data will be extracted from included studies to analyse the current evidence-based knowledge on the distribution, risk factors, microbiology, prevention and treatment modalities, and outcomes of noma. Ethics and dissemination: Results of this systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal upon completion. PROSPERO Registration: CRD42019124839 (08/03/2019)
Healthcare workers affected by COVID-19 in a midwife obstetric unit in Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Mnyani Coceka N , Mukendi Aurélie , Lembethe Nelisiwe M , Kubheka Thembelihle Q , Sherman Gayle G 
Published: March 2023

Background/Aims COVID-19 was first identified in China in December 2019 and was declared a pandemic in March 2020. South Africa reported its first case on 5 March 2020, and by December 2021, the country was battling a fourth wave of COVID-19 infections. This study assessed the impact of COVID-19 infections among healthcare workers in a midwives' obstetric unit in Soweto, South Africa, during the peak of the first wave. Methods Healthcare workers from the unit who were infected with or affected by COVID-19 were interviewed. Data were collected on demographics, presenting symptoms, the need for hospital admission in those who tested positive and the perceived source of infection. Qualitative data were collected on perceptions of testing negative or positive and the impact of testing positive. Results A total of 18 healthcare workers were interviewed, with the majority being midwives (61.1%), or advanced midwives (27.8%). Of the 15 included in quantitative analysis, 53% tested positive for COVID-19, with three (37.5%) requiring hospital admission, but there were no deaths. Of the staff who tested positive, 87.5% thought they became infected at work. None reported managing a patient with confirmed COVID-19. As a result of the high number of staff that tested positive for COVID-19 in the unit, there were staff shortages and anxiety about testing positive. Conclusions There was a high rate of COVID-19 infections in the unit, with the majority thought to have been acquired at work. This created anxiety among staff and had an impact on workload. The COVID-19 pandemic had a devastating impact on healthcare workers globally, and the effects are likely to be felt for years to come.
OUTCOMES AND COMPLICATIONS OF MIDFOOT ARTHRODESIS IN A COHORT OF 108 PATIENTS
Authors: Reynolds A. , Kumar C. S. 
Published: March 2023

Midfoot arthrodesis is the conventional surgical intervention for midfoot arthritis. Arthrodesis aims to stabilise, realign and fuse the affected joints, providing patients with improved pain and function. Current research neglects the measurement of patient reported outcomes.This study aimed to investigate objective, and patient reported outcomes of midfoot arthrodesis. The secondary aim was to identify variables predicting the development of non-union.An automated search of online patient records identified 108 eligible patients (117 feet). The rates of union, re-operations, and complications were calculated using radiographs and medical records. Logistic regression was used to model variables influencing the odds of non-union. All living patients were posted a Manchester Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOx-FQ), a patient reported outcome assessment. Pre-operative MOx-FQ results were available in a minority of cases. Students t-test was used to compare pre- and post-operative MOx-FQ scores.The rate of union achieved was 74%. The rate of re-operations was 35%. The rate of complications was 14%. Bone grafts and staple fixation independently impacted the odds of non-union. Bone grafts decreased the odds of non-union, whilst staple fixation increased the odds. This finding agrees with the opinion of other researchers.We recommend the use of bone grafts, and the avoidance of fixation with staples. Previous attempts have been made to assess patient outcomes. However, this study is the first to use the MOx-FQ, a validated questionnaire. Therefore, this study establishes a baseline for improvements in patient reported outcomes.
OUR CTEV ACHILLES TENOTOMY JOURNEY: FROM CONSULTANT-DELIVERED CARE UNDER GENERAL ANAESTHETIC TO PHYSIOTHERAPY-DELIVERED CARE IN OUTPATIENT CLINIC. OUTCOMES FROM 45 FEET
Authors: Hughes K. , Quarm M. , Paterson S. , Baird E. 
Published: March 2023

To our knowledge, we are the only centre in the UK where Achilles tenotomies (TA) for CTEV Ponseti correction are performed in outpatient clinic under local anaesthetic by an Advanced Physiotherapy Practitioner (APP) in orthopaedics. This study aims to present the outcomes and safety of this practice.Retrospective analysis of cases of idiopathic CTEV undergoing Ponseti correction January 2020 to October 2022. Demographic data: Pirani score and number of casts before boots and bar. Patients were divided into five groups: Group 1: TA performed by an Orthopaedic consultant under general anaesthetic (GA) in theatre. Group 2: TA performed by an Orthopaedic consultant under local anaesthetic (LA) in theatre. Group 3: TA performed by APP under GA in theatre. Group 4: TA performed by APP under LA in theatre. Group 5: TA performed by an APP under LA in outpatient clinic. Complications recorded: revision TA, infection, neurovascular injury or need for re-casting. Mean follow up 18 months.45 feet included. Mean Pirani score 5.5, age started casting 33 days and total number of casts 6. No significant difference in demographic details between groups. 6, 4, 20, 5 and 10 tenotomies were performed in groups 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 respectively. Complications were 1 revision tenotomy from group 2, one from group 4 and 1 renewal of cast from 3.This study demonstrates that TAs performed in outpatient clinic under LA by an APP is safe and feasible. No increase in complications were observed compared to TAs performed by orthopaedic consultants.
A Comparative Analysis Between Timber Industry and Nontimber Forest Products Industry in Relation to Sustainability and Operators' Proactiveness
Authors: Luo Yixuan , Feng Xiao 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The balance among forest industry development, forest operators' well-being, and environmental conservation has been noted as an emerging concern in forest sustainability strategy. In this study, we innovatively adopted a multidimensional assessment method that integrates economic, environmental, and social dimensions to compare the comprehensive sustainability of roundwood, bamboo, tea products, and fruit industries, which are representative subtypes of the timber industry and the nontimber forest products (NTFP) industry. Additionally, our study examined whether a relationship exists between the forest industry's comprehensive sustainability and operators' proactiveness. We collected data on selected types of forest operators involved in productive loans from 115 villages in southern China between 2008 and 2020. Empirical results indicate that an increase in the comprehensive sustainability rank of the subtype forest industry led to growth in forest operators' financing amount. Specifically, the NTFP industry motivated operators' proactiveness more than did the timber industry, the effect of which was considerably greater in company group than in household group. Our findings reveal the necessity of policy interventions in developing countries to encourage the transition to optimizing forest industrial structure and sustainable forestry operations, which could initiate the socio-economic goal of sustained forest resource use and growth in forest sector output through the natural promotion effect posed by the sustainability advantages.
Las tres Cs del turismo caribeño: Contextos, Características y Consecuencias
Authors: Padilla Art , McElroy Jerome L. 
Published: March 2023

La metáfora de las "Tres C" (contexto, características y consecuencias) se emplea para obtener un marco alrededor del cual visualizar el fenómeno del turismo. Cada elemento está estrechamente relacionado con los otros, y cada uno se ve afectado por e insertado en los otros. En conjunto, las Tres C determinan la configuración del turismo en destinos específicos. Es un mecanismo simple pero potente analíticamente que aporta un enfoque multidisciplinario al análisis de los problemas del turismo, lo que permite una comprensión más matizada de las temáticas y los desafíos del turismo internacional. El trabajo intenta destacar dos aspectos. En primer lugar, el estilo o carácter del turismo en un determinado destino resulta de un complejo conjunto interrelacionado de macro fuerzas socio-económicas e históricas -los contextos- que difieren de destino a destino (o de isla a isla). En segundo lugar, la interacción entre el contexto y las características define en gran medida las consecuencias o resultados que se observan, tanto positivos como negativos. Para ilustrar el enfoque de las Tres C, se realizaron análisis contrastados entre la República Dominicana y las Islas Turcas y Caicos, con extensiones a Cuba. Sugerimos el modelo de Tres C es lo suficientemente amplio para adaptarse a una variedad de destinos y puede dar lugar a mejores conclusiones de política regional.