bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigations on Seed-Borne Fungi Associated with Maize Varieties and Their Control
Authors: Lal Dewan Keshive , Wagan Khadim Hussain , Hajano Jamal-U-Ddin , Mushatque Shakira , Ehsan Shabana , Chaudhary Neelam 
Published: February 2025

Maiz is one of the important crops being grown at Pakistan and worldwide. The study investigates seed-borne fungi in maize varieties and recommends fungicides and plant extracts for enhancing seed germination and plant health. Six different fungi were isolated from maize seeds, with Aspergillus niger being the predominant fungus, followed by Penicillium spp., Fusarium oxysporum, Curvularia lunata, Rhizopus oryzae, and Macrophomina phaseolina. Infected seeds showed reduced germination compared to healthy seeds, indicating the negative impact of seed-borne fungi on germination percentage. All six fungi were present in both the seed coat and endosperm, with slightly lower diversity observed in the embryo axis. Aspergillus niger was dominant in the seed coat, while Rhizopus oryzae and Macrophomina phaseolina were notably absent from the embryo axis. Carbendazim treatment showed effective results to minimize the disease, while Topsin M, Aliette, and Acrobat had intermediate effects compared to untreated controls. Neem extract was the most effective, followed by Datura, Nazboo, and Khabar. Carbendazim consistently had the most positive impact on plant height and weight. The untreated, uninoculated control exhibited the highest plant growth, emphasizing the negative impact of fungal inoculation. Neem extract consistently had the most positive impact on plant height and weight among plant extracts. The untreated, uninoculated control consistently had the highest values, indicating the absence of fungal inoculation positively influenced plant growth. Neem extract proved to be a promising alternative for managing seedborne fungi.
Oral Vaccination of Dogs in India as a Strategy for Elimination of Rabies: Scope of Implementation
Authors: Prathapan Athira , Debbarma Shibajee , Haripriya H , Pandey Sanjay 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
India contributes one-third of the global burden of rabies. In 2021, the National Action Plan for Rabies Elimination (NAPRE) was introduced to eliminate dog-mediated human rabies. The major challenges in the path of eliminating dog-mediated rabies are toward achieving the high level of dog vaccination coverage and its sustenance, as well as rigorous tracking of dogs and continuous outreach activities. Oral vaccination of dogs (OVD) is a measure that has been implemented in several countries. For a deeper understanding of the OVD strategy, a systematic search was conducted and free full-text articles related to feasibility of OVD adoption and field trials published in the past ten years were included in the present review. Based on evidence, OVD can be implemented in India along with existing government initiatives as a pilot project in selected hotspots and subsequently expanded to improve vaccination coverage.
Prevalence and Determinants of Institutional Delivery among Teenage Mothers (15–19 years) in India: Evidences from the NFHS-5 Survey
Authors: Longchar Wapangjungla , Kodali Prakash Babu , Hense Sibasis 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background:
Maternal conditions are among the top five leading causes of disability-adjusted life years and deaths among girls aged 15–19 years, as they are at a greater risk of complications when pregnant. However, most maternal deaths can be averted with timely care, and institutional delivery is an established strategy for reducing maternal mortality and morbidity. This study estimated the prevalence and examined the determinants of institutional delivery among teenage mothers (15–19 years) across Indian states and analyzed the factors influencing institutional delivery.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted analytical cross-sectional study using data from the fifth round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) (2019–2021). A sample of 4882 teenage mothers aged 15–19 years who had given birth before the survey were included in the study. Sample weights were applied to ensure representation. Binary logistic regression established significant association between institutional delivery and predictor variables.

Results:
An increasing trend in institutional delivery of teenage mothers from 84.7% in the fourth round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) to 90.6% in NFHS-5 was observed. However, regional differences across states persist in the country. A multitude of socio-demographic, cultural economic, and health system factors were found significant. Teen mothers in the age group of 15–17 years (AOR = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.47–3.24), belonging to male-headed household (AOR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.03–1.69), had at least primary education (AOR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.22–2.32), and those who received a minimum one antenatal care (ANC) (AOR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.13–2.06) had higher odds of institutional delivery. In contrast, mothers who are Muslim (AOR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.46–0.81), scheduled tribes (AOR = 0.55, 95%CI = 0.38–0.80), scheduled caste (AOR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.51–0.99), and from northeastern (AOR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.23–0.74) and central India (AOR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.32–0.95) had lower odds of institutional delivery.

Conclusions:
The findings call for strengthening the continuum of maternal healthcare approach to improve institutional delivery specifically in low-performing states with poor maternal health service utilization among less-educated, rural, deprived, young women, and their parents, as they are less likely to choose ANC, institutional delivery, and post-natal care.
A prospective study on the administration and titration of oxygen therapy in mechanically ventilated patients
Authors: Chandrakar Saurabh , Agarwal Ankit , Jain Gaurav , Udhayachandhar R , Cherian Davis , Patel Nupur B. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background and Aims:
Medical oxygen (O2) is a lifesaving therapy in the intensive care unit (ICU). However, overzealous use and poorly defined O2 targets in ICU patients can increase the risk of hyperoxemia. We aimed to assess the administration and titration of O2 therapy in ICU patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) support.

Material and Methods:
In this prospective observational study, all adult patients requiring IMV for more than 24 hours were included over 1 year (December 2020–November 2021). Patients who refused to give consent or required IMV support for less than 24 hours, did not have arterial blood gas data, were at risk for imminent death, or required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or hyperoxemia therapy were excluded. We calculated the incidence of hyperoxemia (SpO2 > 98%), physicians’ response to hyperoxemia, and factors associated with hyperoxemia. Multivariable logistic regression (MLR) analysis was done to assess factors associated with hyperoxemia.

Results:
Among 400 recruited patients and 4631 observations, 211 patients and 1669 observations had hyperoxemia. In 398 observations, oxygen was decreased. Physicians were reluctant to decrease oxygen when hyperoxemia was observed at lower inspired oxygen (χ2 = 182.1, P value < 0.001). On MLR analysis, the duration of IMV, minute ventilation, and inspired and partial pressure of oxygen were statistically significantly associated with hyperoxemia.

Conclusions:
Hyperoxemia was observed in approximately one-third of observations noted in mechanically ventilated patients. Physicians were reluctant to decrease oxygen when hyperoxemia was encountered at lower inspired oxygen.
Practices and diversities in plexus and peripheral nerve blocks: A survey
Authors: Singh Neha , Ponde Vrushali , Jagannathan Balavenkatasubramanian , Agarwal Gaurav , Roy Ritesh , Dixit Amit 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background and Aims:
Regional anesthesia plays a crucial role in perioperative medicine, influencing both immediate and long-term outcomes. However, there is a lack of data regarding the utilization and practices of plexus and peripheral nerve blocks. We attempted to investigate the practices of plexus and peripheral nerve blocks using a validated questionnaire.

Material and Methods:
A questionnaire was validated by 14 experts and was distributed online for the response. There were 1020 responses, and the data are expressed as frequencies and percentages. There were 58.2% females and 41.8% males, including 32.3% of the respondents with more than 20 years of experience and 27.5% having 10–20 years of experience. Participants from teaching hospitals, government, and private college comprised 49.7%, while those from the corporates and private practitioners constituted 50.2%.

Results:
Most participants fell into the age range of 31–40 years, followed by 41–50 years. The regional blocks were performed daily by 21.8%, weekly by 23.8%, every 15 days by 38.4%, and monthly by 16% of the participants. Furthermore, 43.6% of the participants discussed the block plan with the patients. The most common blocks of the upper limb and lower limb were the supraclavicular approach of the brachial plexus block (90.8%) and the fascia iliaca (82.5%), respectively.

Conclusions:
The present survey highlights the details about the present practices, advantages, and limiting factors for using plexus and peripheral nerve blocks. This is the first data acquired with a validated survey from a South Asian Country, which can be used to compare changes in future practices.
Correlation between Serum Caspase-1, IL-10, HOMA-IR, FAI, Dyslipidemia, and Oxidative Stress Status in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Gusain Neelam , Anjankar Ashish , Ambad Ranjit 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy characterized by hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Inflammation and oxidative stress play critical roles in its pathogenesis. This observational cross-sectional study evaluated the relationship between serum Caspase-1, interleukin-10 (IL-10), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), free androgen index (FAI), lipid profiles, and oxidative stress markers in women with PCOS.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 150 women diagnosed with PCOS participated in this study. Serum levels of Caspase-1, IL-10, HOMA-IR, FAI, lipid profiles (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured.

Results:
The results revealed significant elevations in Caspase-1, HOMA-IR, and lipid profiles, while IL-10 levels were lower compared to normal populations. Additionally, oxidative stress markers, including MDA, were significantly increased, while SOD levels showed a decline. Positive correlations were observed between Caspase-1, HOMA-IR, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress markers.

Conclusion:
These findings suggest a crucial link between inflammation, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress in PCOS, contributing to its complex pathophysiology.
Vaccine Marketing: Strategies for Promoting Public Health and Enhancing Vaccine Acceptance
Authors: Haider Rehan , Das Geetha Kumari , Ahmed Zameer , Zameer Sambreen 
Published: February 2025

Vaccine marketing serves as an essential tool in advancing community health by brightening the acceptance and rudeness of vaccines. In essence, it includes the calculated dissemination of information tailored to anticipate and address community concerns and perceptions. The overarching aim is to efficiently communicate the benefits of immunization while supporting trust and confidence in additional doses of vaccine programs.

Communication campaigns are a cornerstone of marketing efforts. These campaigns utilize various platforms such as traditional radio, social media, and community outreach programs to reach diverse audiences. By engaging in target messaging, marketers can address particular mathematical, educational, and socioeconomic factors that can influence curing rude answers. For instance, campaigns may stress the significance of immunization for vulnerable populations or climax the security and efficacy of vaccines through tributes and experimental evidence.

Stakeholder engagement is another crucial aspect of vaccine marketing. This involves colluding and accompanying healthcare providers, community rulers, policymakers, and advancement groups to spread accurate news and address concerns in a convenient class. By partnering with trustworthy sources, vaccine marketers can strengthen their message and build credibility within communities.

Transparency and believeableness are fundamental standards that underpin favorable cure marketing initiatives. Providing clear and correct facts about the growth, safety, and productiveness of vaccines helps to lighten misstatements and build trust among all. Additionally, continuous listening and evaluation of marketing campaigns allow marketers to perfect their strategies and adapt them to evolving needs and challenges.

In summary, cure marketing plays an important role in advancing public health by supporting the agreement and uptake of vaccines. Through targeted messaging, partner engagement, and a commitment to transparency, marketers can help guarantee that vaccines reach those who need them most.
Проблемы использования цифровых технологий при совершении пожертвований в Русской Православной Церкви
Authors: Котляров И.Д. 
Published: February 2025

Статья посвящена проблемам внедрения цифровых технологий в повседневную жизнь Русской Православной Церкви на примере цифровых инструментов для совершения пожертвований и подачи треб. Показано, что непродуманное использование этих технологий может приводить к спорным практикам (пожертвование в кредит и извлечение прибыли коммерческими структурами из подачи пожертвований) и к взаимному отчуждению прихожан и приходов. При этом цифровые практики значительно различаются в разных приходах, а у Русской Православной Церкви отсутствует единый подход к цифровой трансформации, что повышает вероятность реализации данных рисков. Необходимы разработка единого подхода Русской Православной Церкви к использованию цифровых инструментов и ведение соответствующей информационной и просветительской работы как среди прихожан, так и среди священнослужителей, что позволит минимизировать риски, связанные с цифровой трансформацией церковной и приходской жизни.
The paper is dedicated to problems of implementation of digital technologies in the everyday life of the Russian Orthodox Church. The analysis is based on digital tools for occasional offices. It is demonstrated that premature use of these technologies may lead to dubious practices (use of credit for donation, monetization of donations by for-profit companies) and to mutual alienation of parishioners and parishes. Moreover, digital practices demonstrate a high level of differentiation for different parishes, while the Russian Orthodox Church did not work out a unified approach towards digital transformation. It increases the risks of emergence of these dubious practices. The Russian Orthodox Church should develop a unified approach towards use of digital tools and organize information and educational work among priests as well as among parishioners in order to minimize risks of digital transformation of everyday life of parishes and churches.
Традиционные ценности православия как нравственные ориентиры в формировании социальной направленности личности
Authors: Астэр И.В. 
Published: February 2025

В данной статье анализируются традиционные ценности православия как морально-нравственные регуляторы социальной деятельности. Исследуется их место и роль в конструировании стремления человека к духовному самосовершенствованию и формированию социальной направленности личности. В статье рассмотрено два рода ценностей в православном христианстве: терминальные (христоцентризм, Триединый Бог, святость, Церковь, любовь и др.) и инструментальные (вера, уважение к личности, честность, свобода, ответственность и др.), относительно их социальной значимости — важнейшего фактора влияния на ход общественного и культурного развития. Автор выявляет ценностные основания церковной социальной деятельности (в узком ее понимании — как направленной на оказание содействия людям и социальным группам в преодолении трудной жизненной ситуации). Приведены результаты социологического исследования, полученные методом экспертного полуструткурированного интервью. Экспертами выступили руководители социально-ориентированных структурных подразделений Русской Православной Церкви и некоммерческих организаций социального профиля, учрежденных при церковной поддержке, а также преподаватели социальных дисциплин.
The article analyzes traditional values of Orthodoxy as moral regulators of social activity. Their place and part in construction of a person’s desire for spiritual self-improvement and formation of a personal social orientation are studied. The article examines two types of values in Orthodox Christianity: terminal (Christocentrism, the Triune God, holiness, the Church, love, etc.) and instrumental (faith, hope, respect for personality, honesty, freedom, responsibility, etc.), taking into consideration their social significance that is the most important factor influencing the course of social and cultural development. Identified are the value foundations of church social activity (in its narrow sense meaning activity aimed at assisting people and social groups to overcome difficult life situations). Sociological study results obtained by the method of expert semi-structured interview are presented. The experts were the heads of socially oriented structural units of the Russian Orthodox Church and non-profit social organizations established with church support, as well as lecturers of social disciplines.
К вопросу о преподавании канонического / церковного права в светских и церковных учебных заведениях Беларуси
Authors: Веремеев С.Ф. 
Published: February 2025

В статье впервые предпринята попытка охарактеризовать особенности преподавания канонического / церковного права в светских и церковных (православных и римско-католических) учебных заведениях на территории Республики Беларусь. Исследование проведено на основе анализа материалов, находящихся в открытом доступе в сети Интернет, и сведений, полученных от священнослужителей Белорусского Экзархата Русской Православной Церкви и Римско-Католической Церкви. Проанализировано содержание учебно-методической документации, приведены сведения о количестве учебных часов, выделенных на изучение канонического / церковного права православными и римо-католиками, охарактеризован формат преподавания, дана оценка состояния обеспеченности библиотек учебной и научной литературой. Отмечается, что в последнее время Белорусский Экзархат Русской Православной Церкви предпринимает некоторые усилия с целью популяризации канонического / церковного права в рамках своей катехизаторской деятельности. Вместе с тем автор полагает, что уровень канонического сознания и канонической культуры в Белорусской Православной Церкви и Римско-Католической Церкви в Беларуси остается низким. Статья написана на основе доклада, сделанного автором на конференции «Проблемы преподавания церковного права в церковных и светских вузах» посвященной 5‑летию Общества изучения церковного права им. Т. В. Барсова (Барсовского общества) Санкт-Петербургской Духовной Академии Русской Православной Церкви (Санкт-Петербург, 30 января 2024 г.).
The article is the first attempt to describe some features of teaching canon/church law in secular and church (Orthodox and Roman Catholic) educational institutions in the Republic of Belarus. The study is based on the analysis of materials publicly available on the Internet and information received from the clergy of the Belarusian Exarchate of the Russian Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church. Educational and methodological documents are analyzed. Information on the number of academic hours for the study of canonical/church law in Orthodox and Roman Catholic institutions is presented. The teaching format is described. Libraries’ stock with educational and ac-ademic literature is assessed. It is indicated that the Belarusian Exarchate of the Russian Orthodox Church has recently been putting some efforts to make canon/church law more popular, doing that as part of its catechetical activities. At the same time, the level of canonical consciousness and canoni-cal culture is concluded to be still low in the Belarusian Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church in Belarus. The article is based on the report at the “Problems of Teaching Canon Law in Church and Secular Universities” conference dedicated to the 5th anniversary of the T. V. Barsov Society for the Study of Canon Law (Barsov Society) at St. Petersburg Theological Academy of the Russian Orthodox Church (St. Petersburg, January 30, 2024).
Христологические особенности и проблема авторства 11‑го трактата из Второго собрания преподобного Исаака Сирина
Authors: Скарга Д.С. 
Published: February 2025

В статье приводится критика и ставится под сомнение авторство 11‑го трактата из 2‑го Собрания, приписываемого прп. Исааку Сирину. Предоставляется достаточная фактологическая база для подтверждения этого тезиса. Благодаря проведенному сравнительному анализу выявляется целый комплекс противоречий между автором 11‑го трактата и прп. Исааком Сирином. Терминология, христологические и экзегетические воззрения этих авторов обнаруживают столкновение двух традиций — александрийского и антиохийского богословия. Впервые прослеживается генезис влияния, благодаря которому христология прп. Исаака Сирина приобрела ярко выраженный александрийский характер. С другой стороны, сравнительный анализ учения автора 11‑го трактата позволил обнаружить немалые сходства и, по сути, тождество с учением мар Нарсая. С опорой на данный факт выдвигается тезис о принадлежности 11‑го трактата перу этого видного восточно-сирийского богослова. В статье намечаются методы детального комплексного исследования трактатов 2‑го Собрания, могущие в дальнейшем способствовать выявлению сомнительных и подложных текстов, присутствие которых осталось незамеченным.
The article contains criticism and challenges the authorship of the 11th Treatise from Book II attributed to St Isaac the Syrian. It presents sufficient factual data to support this thesis. Based on comparative analysis, a whole range of contradictions was revealed between the author of the 11th Treatise and St Isaac the Syrian. The terminology, Christological and exegetical views of the authors reveal a clash of two traditions: Alexandrian and Antiochian theologies. For the first time, the genesis of influence is traced, with the Christology of St Isaac the Syrian acquiring a very definite Alexandrian character. On the other hand, the comparative analysis of the teaching of the author of the 11th Treatise made it possible to find out quite considerable similarities and basically, an identity with the teaching of mar Narzai. Drawing on this fact, the thesis that the 11th treatise belongs to this prominent East Syrian theologian is put forward. The article also outlines some methods of detailed and complex studies of the treatises of Book II, which in the future, can facilitate identification of questionable and forged texts whose presence has not been revealed so far.