bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological detoxification and metabolism of inhibitors in corncob acid hydrolysate using Aspergillus niger
Authors: Yin Jinbao , Wang Chen , Li Yilian , Lv Bo , Lv Haosheng , Xue Yuyuan , Zhang Jianan , Wu Jing 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The complex structure of lignocellulosic raw materials requires pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis to convert them into monosaccharides for further microbial utilization. During pretreatment, the main inhibitory compounds produced are acetic acid, furfural, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), which are significant factors limiting the microbial growth and fermentation of lignocellulosic materials. Biological detoxification is an efficient, gentle, and environmentally friendly method for removing fermentation inhibitors in lignocellulose hydrolysate.
Results
Aspergillus niger (A. niger) M13 efficiently metabolizes acetic acid, furfural, and HMF at concentrations of at least 7.50, 1.81, and 1.02 g/L, respectively. Among these inhibitors, furfural exerts the strongest inhibitory effect on cell growth. Both M13 spores and mycelial balls can completely remove the major inhibitors in the hydrolysate, with spores exhibiting a higher removal efficiency than mycelial balls. The detoxification rates of acetic acid, furfural, and HMF by M13 spores were 0.1566, 0.1125, and 0.015 g/L/h, respectively. This strain prefered to consume furfural first, followed by HMF, and then simultaneously consumes acetic acid and glucose. Finally, M13 spores can produce a small amount of citric acid (about 6 g/L) directly from the non-detoxified hydrolysate.
Conclusions
Using A. niger M13 spores for detoxification is a highly feasible option. These spores can completely remove the main inhibitory substance from the hydrolysate within 1–2 days while retaining the carbon source for subsequent fermentation production. Biodetoxification by A. niger M13 provided a fast and efficient biodetoxification method for removing inhibitors generated during intensive lignocellulose pretreatment, and its advantages made it possible for potential industrial application.
Prevalence of Dermatoses in Geriatric Singaporeans in the Community - A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Juay Lester , Bhupendrabhai Monil Nagad , Ahmad Siti Hafizah , Wong Hung Chew , Chong Justin Wee-Min , Tan Wee Hian , Chandran Nisha Suyien 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background: Little is known about the prevalence of dermatoses in “skin-well” geriatric Singaporeans. We aim to identify the prevalence of dermatoses and their associations within the geriatric population in Singapore, and to understand the distribution of dermatological encounters presenting to primary care physicians, and the resultant referral behaviour.
Methods: A joint quantitative-qualitative study was performed across 8 months. Patients aged 65 years and above who visited a local polyclinic for management of non-dermatological chronic diseases were recruited. They were administered questionnaires, and underwent full skin examinations. Online surveys were disseminated to polyclinic physicians under the same healthcare cluster.
Results: 201 patients and 53 physicians were recruited. The most common dermatoses identified in patients were benign tumours and cysts (97.5%), and asteatosis (81.6%). For every 1-year increase in age, the odds of having asteatosis increased by 13.5% (95% CI 3.4% to 24.7%, p=0.008), and urticarial disorders by 14.6% (95% CI 0.3% to 30.9%, p=0.045). Patients who used any form of topical preparations on a daily basis had higher odds of having eczema and inflammatory dermatoses (OR 2.51, 95% CI 1.38 to 4.56, p=0.003). Physicians reported dermatological conditions involving 20% of all clinical encounters. Eczema represented the most commonly reported dermatosis within the first visit. 50% of dermatology referrals were done solely at the patient's own request.
Conclusion: The prevalence of dermatoses in the elderly in Singapore is high, especially asteatosis. Prompt recognition by the primary healthcare provider potentially prevents future morbidity. Outreach education for both primary care physicians and the general public will be key.
Influenza Neuraminidase Virus Like Particles (NA-VLP) displaying small peptide antigen: a new carrier for an Angiotensin II (AngII) peptide hypertension vaccine
Authors: Khanefard Najmeh , Trianti Irisa , Akeprathumchai Saengchai , Mekvichitsaeng Phenjun , Poomputsa Kanokwan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are composed of multiple protein subunits with structures that resemble natural virus particles and have been known for their efficiency in inducing immune responses. VLPs functions could also be extended to display or deliver small molecules such as drugs or antigens. A new and simple VLP, NA-VLP, was developed for displaying Angiotensin II (AngII) octapeptide hormones that raise blood pressure, as a potential antigen for the hypertension vaccine.
Methods and Results
NA-VLPs, which were solely made of an influenza A (H5N1) structural protein, neuraminidase (NA), had been constructed and further modified to have AngII peptides incorporated into the NA structure, immediately above the stalk, at the bottom of its head. Stably transformed insect cells were genetically engineered to produce these NA-AngII VLPs. High numbers of repetitive AngII peptides were displayed on the NA-VLP’s surface, and they were able to raise anti-AngII antibodies after one injection into hypertensive rats and decreases in the systolic blood pressure of the rats were observed.
Conclusions
The NA-VLPs could effectively display AngII peptides and stimulate the hypertensive rat immune system to produce antibodies, which could neutralize the AngII peptides and lower its systolic blood pressure. The NA-AngII VLPs could be developed into a new hypertension vaccine. The NA-VLPs are therefore promising carriers for peptide antigens.
Significance of CD103+ tissue-resident memory T cells for predicting the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors in esophageal cancer
Authors: Natsuki Seiji , Tanaka Hiroaki , Nishiyama Masaki , Deguchi Sota , Miki Yuichiro , Yoshii Mami , Tamura Tatsuro , Toyokawa Takahiro , Lee Shigeru , Maeda Kiyoshi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including nivolumab, have been approved to treat esophageal cancer. However, these remedies are not fit for all patients with esophageal cancer; therefore, a predictive surrogate marker is needed to assess their effectiveness. CD103+CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, defined as tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM), are promising indicators of response to ICIs, but it remains to be elucidated. This study investigated the association between the efficacy of ICIs and TRM.
Methods
The relationships between TRM infiltrating esophageal cancer, clinicopathological features, and prognosis after nivolumab initiation were examined using immunostaining. Tissue samples were obtained from surgically resected specimens of 41 patients with esophageal cancer who received nivolumab as a secondary or subsequent therapy. In addition, TRM infiltration was compared with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and blood count parameters as predictors of nivolumab effectiveness.
Results
TRM-rich patients had a significant survival benefit after nivolumab initiation and experienced immune-related adverse events more frequently than TRM-poor patients. TRM infiltration was weakly correlated with PD-L1 positivity, but TRM may indicate more sensitive response to ICIs than PD-L1 expression in this study. Some blood test parameters also weakly correlated with TRM but did not impact prognosis.
Conclusions
TRM-rich patients have a favorable prognosis after nivolumab initiation. Our results suggest that TRM are vital for antitumor immunity and are a promising predictor of ICIs effectiveness.
Assessing land-surface feedback flux and its drivers during tropical cyclones using Weather Research and Forecasting Model
Authors: Mandal Subhadeep , SAHOO BHABAGRAHI , Mishra Ashok 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Accurate estimation of regional evapotranspiration (ET) is essential for managing water resources of a river basin, which is a challenging task during cyclonic storm events under data-scarce scenarios. For assessing the actual ET using the Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) model, the best working Land Surface Models (LSMs) along with Numerical Weather Prediction modelling was used for a typical tropical Phailin Cyclone event. The suitability of different WRF parameterization scheme combinations (PSCs) were evaluated in the Brahmani River basin in eastern India to reproduce the observed gridded weather variables of 2-m surface air temperature, precipitation and atmospheric pressure at hourly and daily temporal resolutions during the pre-, at-, and post-cyclone events. The results indicate that the ‘Rapid Update Cycle’ (RUC) LSM with ‘Purdu Lin’ microphysics and ‘Arakawa convective’ cumulus scheme performs the best. The 2-m surface air temperature was better simulated than the precipitation during the short timeframe of the extreme event, whereas the overall regional pressure simulation shows a constant bias. As a comparative assessment, the WRF-LSM that accounts for the local and global advection effects, simulated ET flux better than the remote-sensing-based MODIS derived MOD16A2 8-daily dataset and the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO)-56 Penmen-Monteith (PM) equation. The local feedback of the Phailin cyclone over the land-surface ET flux and its climatic and land-surface drivers (soil moisture) during the pre-, at-, post-cyclone events reveals that the negative Bowen Ratio estimates during the heavy rainfall resulted in a reduced ET flux, wherein the negative sensible heat flux during this period facilitates for flow of heat from surface to atmosphere, cooling the soil of the river basin. Overall, this study aids in a better understanding of the moisture flux and energy transfer dynamics between the land-atmosphere system during the onset of a cyclone.
Incorporating Praxis in the Community Engagement-Self Monitoring Strategy for Social Innovations in Health – Pilot Implementation in the Philippines
Authors: Tiangco Pauline Marie Padilla , Mier-Alpaño Jana Deborah , Cruz Jose Rene Bagani , Awitan Wilfredo P. , Escauso Joey G. , II Alfredo M. Coro , Amazigo Uche , Halpaap Beatrice , Ongkeko Arturo M. , Pilar-Labarda Meredith Del 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background Social Innovation in Health Initiative Philippines introduced the community engagement self-monitoring (CE-SM) strategy in two community-managed social innovations in 2021. The first phase demonstrated the viability of the strategy which involved identification of community “local monitors” (LM), selection of indicators, monitoring, and feedback sessions. In 2022, a second phase was implemented to improve the process by integrating capacity-building activities and to gather insights regarding the sustainability of the strategy.
Methods Two communities in a rural island municipality implementing a social innovation called the “Seal of Health Governance” were chosen for the extended CE-SM pilot. Profiling of local monitors and self-assessment of competencies were facilitated. Capacity-building activities and praxis sessions guided by people-centered principles were conducted in between the actual implementation of the monitoring process. Topics discussed included principles of community engagement and approaches to data processing and analysis. Discussions on how local monitors can make sense of their data and how these can inform decision-making were also conducted.
Results Local monitors from both communities showed determination in performing their responsibilities but differed in levels of participation. Their appreciation of their role increased as it broadened from merely collecting data to understanding and using it to advocate for their community’s needs. The minimum requirements for communities to implement the strategy include financial mechanisms to provide transportation and food allowance and ensure the availability of resources. Profiling of local monitors revealed that a high educational attainment is not a prerequisite but rather, active participation in initiatives is integral. Moreover, having good communication and social skills, and familiarity with the community are deemed to be important qualities local monitors must possess. Lastly, it was also observed that local monitors improved their ability to analyze the realities of their communities particularly in terms of health leadership and governance.
Conclusions CE-SM is a feasible and sustainable strategy for monitoring and evaluating health interventions if adequate support in the form of supplies, allowances, and political support are provided, and complemented by capacity-building and praxis sessions. It promotes listening to the community and empowering them to participate in decision-making which are vital in fostering ownership and sustainability of social innovations in health.
Catalpol inhibits HHcy-induced EndMT in endothelial cells by modulating ROS/NF-κB signaling
Authors: Wu Chengyan , Wang Libo , Wang Xuehui 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground:Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis (AS), the molecular mechanisms of its pathogenesis are not fully understood. Endothelial dysfunction is the key initiating link in AS. However, whether endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is involved in the regulation of HHcy-induced endothelial dysfunction and the role of catalpol in it remain unexplored.Methods and Results:In vitroHHcy-treated primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used to construct a model of endothelial dysfunction, and the antioxidants N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and catalpol were administered.In vivoC57BL/6N mice were given a diet fed with 4.4% high methionine chow to construct a HHcy mice model and were treated with catalpol. The results showed that catalpol significantly inhibited HHcy-induced endothelial cell morphological transformation, reduced HHcy-induced increase in intracellular ROS content and α-SMA, N-cadherin, p-p65 protein expression, increased HHcy-induced decrease in VE-cadherin, CD31 protein expression, and was able to protect against endothelial pathological changes in the aortic root and reduce aortic endothelial ROS content.Conclusions:Catalpol inhibits HHcy-induced EndMT, and the underlying mechanism may be related to the ROS/NF-κB signaling pathway. Catalpol may be a potential drug for the treatment of HHcy-related AS.
The influence of phosphorus availability on rice root traits driving iron plaque formation and dissolution, and implications for phosphorus uptake
Authors: Martinengo Sara , Santoro Veronica , Schiavon Michela , Celi Luisella , Martin Maria , Said-Pullicino Daniel 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background and aims Iron (Fe) plaque which normally coats rice roots has a strong affinity for phosphorus (P), with a debated effect on plant P uptake. Furthermore, plant responses to P availability shape the rhizospheric environment, possibly affecting the rates of Fe plaque formation and dissolution. The role of Fe plaque to serve as a sink or source of available P may depend on root traits, themselves influenced by P availability. However, the underlying mechanism regulating these interactions remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of P availability on root traits, Fe plaque dynamics and their implications for P uptake and rice plant growth.Methods Plants were hydroponically grown for 60 days under P-sufficiency or P-deficiency, with or without Fe plaque. Root traits, rhizosphere acidification, and the rates of Fe plaque formation and dissolution were investigated and linked to differences in rice P content and growth.Results P-deficient conditions stimulated root development and promoted Fe plaque formation on the root surface compared to P-sufficient conditions. However, P limited plants exhibited a faster Fe plaque dissolution, along with increased net proton exudation. After 60 d, P-deficient plants showed higher P uptake in the presence of Fe plaque, whereas the opposite was observed in P-sufficient plants, where Fe plaque limited plant P uptake.Conclusions The role of Fe plaque in regulating P uptake highly depends on the dynamic nature of this Fe pool that is strictly linked to P availability and regulated by plant responses to P deficiency.
Oxytocinergic Projection from the Hypothalamus to Supramammillary Nucleus Drives Recognition Memory in Mice
Authors: Takahashi Junpei , Yamada Daisuke , Nagano Wakana , Sano Yoshitake , Furuichi Teiichi , Saitoh Akiyoshi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Oxytocin (OXT) neurons project to various brain regions and its receptor expression is widely distributed. Although it has been reported that OXT administration affects cognitive function, it’s unclear how endogenous OXT plays roles in cognitive function. The present study examined the role of endogenous OXT in mice cognitive function. OXT neurons were specifically activated by OXT neuron-specific excitatory Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drug (DREADD) expression system and following administration of clozapine-N-oxide (CNO). Object recognition memory (ORM) was assessed with the novel object recognition task (NORT). Moreover, we observed the expression of c-Fos by immunohistochemical staining to confirm the neuronal activity. In NORT, the novel object exploration time percentage significantly increased in CNO-treated mice. CNO-treated mice showed a significant increase in the number of c-Fos-positive cells in the supramammillary nucleus (SuM). In addition, we found that the OXT-positive fibers from PVN were identified in the SuM. Furthermore, mice injected locally with CNO into the SuM to activate OXTergic axons projecting from the PVN to the SuM significantly increased the percentage time of novel object exploration. Taken together, we proposed that ORM in mice could be modulated by OXT neurons in PVN projecting to SuM.
Treatment of distal radius fractures with steel plate fixation through the bone channel of the inferior pronator quadratus
Authors: xiaowei Wang , Buyun Li , Yongjie Guo , Zhanghui Wan , Yun Liu , Fei Sheng , Jun Liu , Jian Xu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective: The study aimed to investigate the effect of internal fixation with steel plate through the inferior pronator quadratus bone channel on wrist function in patients with unstable distal radius fractures.
Methods: 52 patients were divided into two groups: the observation group (modified Henry approach with inferior pronator quadratus bone channel with steel plate fixation, n=26) and the control group (modified Henry approach with pronator quadratus open-suturing and steel plate fixation,n=26). Various parameters of the two groups such as operation time, postoperative creatine kinase（CK）,myoglobin (Mb), fracture healing time, reduction efficacy and wrist range of motion were analyzed. Gartland Werley functional score and DASH score were compared between the two groups after 1 year of follow-up.
Results: There was no significant difference in the operation time, fracture healing time and reduction efficacy between the two groups. The amount of postoperative creatine kinase（CK）and myoglobin (Mb) were lower in the observation group than those of the control group(P<0.05). The wrist joint range of motion was higher in the observation group 1 year after the operation than those of the control group (P<0.05). Lower Wrist Pain VAS Score was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The Gartland Werley score in the observation group was lower than that in the control group at the same time(P<0.05).
Conclusion: The study concludes that the modified Henry approach with inferior pronator quadratus bone channel with steel plate fixation effectively promoted the healing of unstable distal radius fractures and the recovery of wrist joint function. It is safe and reliable without any complications.
Perspectives of women and partners from migrant and refugee backgrounds accessing the Cross Cultural Worker Service in maternity and early childhood services - a survey study
Authors: Rogers Helen J , Homer Caroline SE , Henry Amanda 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Migrant and refugee backgrounds women living in high-income countries have increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes and report lower satisfaction with care. In Sydney, Australia, a new service known as the Cross Cultural Workers (CCWs) in Maternity and Child and Family Health Service (the CCW Service) was implemented to support such women and families from pregnancy to the early parenting period. This study aimed to ascertain the experiences of women and their partners engaging with the CCW Service.
Methods
A survey study was undertaken. Women accessing the CCW Service were recruited during pregnancy and were asked to complete surveys at three time points: in the third trimester of pregnancy, at 6 and 12 months postpartum. Their partners were invited at 6 months postpartum. Survey data were analysed to compare satisfaction, usefulness, number of CCW interactions, cultural sensitivity, and service improvement recommendations across all timepoints.
Results
A total of 231 surveys were received: 113 during pregnancy, 50 at 6-months postpartum, 44 at 12-months postpartum, and 24 partner surveys. Participants in all surveys reported the CCW Service to be useful (84–94%), stating that it increased their understanding of pregnancy, birth and parenting (95–100%), and that they would recommend the CCW Service (92–98%). Participants experienced a high level of satisfaction (88–95%) irrespective of the number of CCW interactions (p = 0.42). Thoughts on becoming a mother or parent were more positive after meeting the CCW than before for both women (p = 0.01) and partners. Suggestions for CCW Service improvement were to were 1) increase the provision of information, specifically financial entitlements, postnatal depression, and support services, 2) increase involvement of partners in care, 3) the CCW workforce.
Conclusion
The CCW Service was associated with positive experiences and high rates of satisfaction at all timepoints. This service has the potential to inform the implementation of similar models of care that improve accessibility, the perinatal experience, and respond to the unique needs of women and families from migrant and refugee backgrounds.