bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A holistic human activity recognition optimisation using AI techniques
Authors: Li Zhenghui , Liu Yushi , Liu Bo , Le Kernec Julien , Yang Shufan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBuilding on previous radar‐based human activity recognition (HAR), we expand the micro‐Doppler signature to 6 domains and exploit each domain with a set of handcrafted features derived from the literature and our patents. An adaptive thresholding method to isolate the region of interest is employed, which is then applied in other domains. To reduce the computational burden and accelerate the convergence to an optimal solution for classification accuracy, a holistic approach to HAR optimisation is proposed using a surrogate model‐assisted differential evolutionary algorithm (SADEA‐I) to jointly optimise signal processing, adaptive thresholding and classification parameters for HAR. Two distinct classification models are evaluated with holistic optimisation: SADEA‐I with support vector machine classifiers (SVM) and SADEA‐I with AlexNet. They achieve an accuracy of 89.41% and 93.54%, respectively. This is an improvement of ∼11.3% for SVM and ∼2.7% for AlexNet when compared to the performance without SADEA‐I. The effectiveness of our holistic approach is validated using the University of Glasgow human radar signatures dataset. This proof of concept is significant for dimensionality reduction and computational efficiency when facing a multiplication of radar representation domains/feature spaces and transmitting/receiving channels that could be individually tuned in modern radar systems.
A novel system to control and forecast QoX performance in IoT‐based monitoring platforms
Authors: Martinez‐Caro Jose‐Manuel , Tasic Igor , Cano Maria‐Dolores 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCommunication architectures based on the Internet of Things (IoT) are increasingly frequent. Commonly, these solutions are used to carry out control and monitoring activities. It is easy to find cases for manufacturing, prediction maintenance, Smart Cities, etc., where sensors are deployed to capture data that is sent to the cloud through edge devices or gateways. Then that data is processed to provide useful information and perform additional actions if required. As crucial as deploying these monitoring solutions is to verify their operation. In this article, we propose a novel warning method to monitor the performance of IoT‐based systems. The proposal is based on a holistic quality model called Quality of X (QoX). QoX refers to the use of a variety of metrics to measure system performance at different quality dimensions. These quality dimensions are data (Quality of Data, QoD), information (Quality of Information, QoI), users' experience (Quality of user Experience, QoE), and cost (Quality Cost, QC). In addition to showing the IoT system performance in terms of QoX in real‐time, our proposal includes (i) a forecasting model for independent estimation of QoX applying Deep Learning (DL), specifically using a Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM) and time series, and (ii) the warning system. In light of our results, our proposal shows a better capacity to forecast quality drops in the IoT‐based monitoring system than other solutions from the related literature.
Assessment of the CRD approximation for the observer’s frame RIII redistribution matrix
Authors: Riva Simone , Guerreiro Nuno , Janett Gioele , Rossinelli Diego , Benedusi Pietro , Krause Rolf , Belluzzi Luca 
Published: September 2023

Context. Approximated forms of the RII and RIII redistribution matrices are frequently applied to simplify the numerical solution of the radiative transfer problem for polarized radiation, taking partial frequency redistribution (PRD) effects into account. A widely used approximation for RIII is to consider its expression under the assumption of complete frequency redistribution (CRD) in the observer’s frame (RIII−CRD). The adequacy of this approximation for modeling the intensity profiles has been firmly established. By contrast, its suitability for modeling scattering polarization signals has only been analyzed in a few studies, considering simplified settings.
Aims. In this work, we aim to quantitatively assess the impact and the range of validity of the RIII−CRD approximation in the modeling of scattering polarization.
Methods. We first present an analytic comparison between RIII and RIII−CRD. We then compare the results of radiative transfer calculations, out of local thermodynamic equilibrium, performed with RIII and RIII−CRD in realistic one-dimensional atmospheric models. We focus on the chromospheric Ca I line at 4227 Å and on the photospheric Sr I line at 4607 Å.
Results. The RIII−CRD approximation provides accurate results for the Ca I 4227 Å line. Only when velocities are included can some appreciable discrepancies be found, especially for lines of sight close to the disk center. The approximation performs well also for the Sr I 4607 Å line, especially in the absence of magnetic fields or when a micro-turbulent field is included. However, some appreciable errors appear when deterministic magnetic fields or bulk velocities are considered.
Conclusions. Our results show that the RIII−CRD approximation is suited for the PRD modeling of the scattering polarization signals of strong chromospheric lines, both in the core and wings. With a few minor exceptions, this approximation is also suitable for photospheric lines, although PRD effects generally play a minor role in their modeling.
Dust attenuation law in JWST galaxies at z ∼ 7–8
Authors: Markov V. , Gallerani S. , Pallottini A. , Sommovigo L. , Carniani S. , Ferrara A. , Parlanti E. , Di Mascia F. 
Published: September 2023

Context. Understanding the wavelength dependence of dust attenuation is vital for inferring the properties of galaxies from their spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting. The dust attenuation curves in star-forming galaxies depend on the complex interplay between the intrinsic physical dust properties and dust-to-star geometry. Due to the lack of observational constraints at high redshift, dust attenuation and extinction laws measured in the local Universe (e.g., the Calzetti attenuation law and the Small Magellanic Cloud and Milky Way extinction laws) have been employed to describe the dust attenuation at early epochs.
Aims. We exploit the high sensitivity and spectral resolution of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to constrain dust attenuation laws in z ∼ 7–8 galaxies. Our goals are to: i) check whether dust attenuation curves at high-z differ from the ones measured in the local Universe and ii) quantify the dependence of the inferred galaxy properties on the assumed dust attenuation law.
Methods. We developed a modified version of the SED fitting code BAGPIPES by including a detailed dust attenuation curve parameterization. We applied our method to the JWST Near Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) spectra in the ∼0.6–5.3 µm range to probe the nebular line (Hα, Hβ, Hγ, [O II] λ3727, [O III] λλ4959, 5007, [Ne III] λ3869) and continuum emissions of three star-forming galaxies at z = 7–8. Dust attenuation parameters and global galaxy properties are derived from the fit to the data.
Results. We find that the attenuation curves of the analyzed high-z galaxies differ from local templates. One out of the three galaxies shows a characteristic 2175Å bump, typically associated with the presence of small carbonaceous dust grains such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This is among the first pieces of evidence suggesting the presence of PAHs in early galaxies. Galaxy properties such as the stellar mass (M*) and star formation rate (SFR) inferred from the SED fitting are affected by the assumed attenuation curve (with deviations of up to ∼0.35 dex), however, the adopted star formation history plays the dominant role (up to ∼0.4 dex for the same galaxy properties).
Conclusions. Our results highlight the importance of accounting for the potential diversity among dust attenuation laws when analyzing the spectra of high-z galaxies, whose dust properties and dust-to-star geometry are still poorly understood. The application of our method to a larger sample of galaxies observed with JWST can provide important insights into the properties of dust and galaxies in the early Universe.
Efficacy of a novel integrated biliary stent and nasobiliary catheter system for accidental tube deviation in biliary drainage
Authors: Yamaguchi Atsushi , Kato Naohiro , Sugata Syuhei , Hamada Takuro , Furuya Nao , Mizumoto Takeshi , Tamaru Yuzuru , Kusunoki Ryusaku , Kuwai Toshio , Kouno Hirotaka , Kohno Hiroshi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic nasobiliary drainage is accompanied by a risk of accidental removal of the nasobiliary drainage (NBD) tube, especially through self-removal in elderly patients. We studied the usefulness of an integrated biliary stent and nasobiliary catheter system (UMIDAS NB stent) for biliary drainage in case of accidental NBD tube removal.
Patients and methods From April to November 2022, we placed a UMIDAS NB stent in 30 patients with acute cholangitis or obstructive jaundice. We evaluated the plastic stent (PS) position at the time of accidental stent removal and before the planned endoscopic procedure. In addition, we studied the ratio of successful biliary drainage and complications based on the usage of UMIDAS.
Results All 11 patients with accidental stent removal exhibited correct PS position in X-ray fluoroscopy. Of the 19 patients with planned NBD tube removal, three had complete PS migration into the common bile duct and three had incomplete migration (the duodenal side flap entered the bile duct). In summary, 80% (24/30) of PS were in the correct position, and all patients had successful biliary drainage and no complications.
Conclusions The UMIDAS NB stent might be useful for biliary drainage in patients with a high risk of NBD tube self-removal.
Impacts of Knee Arthroplasty on Activity Level and Knee Function in Young Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Williams Jonathan , Albuquerque II João B. de , Nuelle Clayton W. , Stannard James P. , Cook James L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe annual demand for knee arthroplasty has been steadily rising, particularly in younger patients. The primary objective of this systematic review was to determine the impact of knee arthroplasties on knee function and activity levels in young (≤55 years) patients. A PubMed search from inception (1977) to March 2022 to identify eligible studies produced 640 peer-reviewed studies for consideration. A total of 18 studies including 4,186 knee arthroplasties in 3,200 patients (mean patient age at the time of surgery: 47.4 years, range: 18–55 years) were ultimately included for analysis. Mean final follow-up (FFU) duration was 5.8 years (range: 2–25.1 years). Mean FFU improvement in Knee Society Clinical Score was 48.0 (1,625 knees, range: 20.9–69.0), Knee Society Function Score was 37.4 (1,284 knees, range: 20–65). Mean FFU for the Tegner and Lysholm activity scale was 2.8 (4 studies, 548 knees, range: 0.7–4.2); University of California Los Angeles Physical Activity Questionnaire score was 2.8 (3 studies, 387 knees, range: 1.2–5); lower extremity activity scale was 1.84 (529 knees). The available evidence suggest that young patients typically realize sustained improvements in knee function compared to preoperative levels; however, these improvements do not typically translate into a return to desired activity levels or quality of life, and this patient population should expect a higher and earlier risk for revision than their older counterparts. Further research, including robust registry data, is needed to establish evidence-based indications, expectations, and prognoses for outcomes after knee arthroplasty in young and active patients.
Accuracy of Conventional Instrumentation is Dependent on Alignment Philosophy Using the Identical Surgical Technique in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Koutp Amir , Clar Clemens , Leitner Lukas , Fischerauer Stefan , Reinbacher Patrick , Leithner Andreas , Klasan Antonio , Sadoghi Patrick 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe objective of this prospective study was to assess the precision of restoring the anatomical tibial obliquity, as measured by the medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) on conventional X-rays, in relation to the surgical technique employed. Specifically, the study aimed to compare the accuracy of tibial obliquity restoration between kinematic alignment (KA) and conventional mechanical alignment (MA) in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Two-hundred-and-sixty patients underwent either mechanically aligned TKA (n = 139) or kinematically aligned TKA (n = 121) using conventional instrumentation (CI). Pre- and postoperative X-rays were measured twice by two observers, with a 2-week interval. Inter- and intraclass correlations were calculated, and postoperative tibial obliquity was compared to the preoperative anatomy. In the group of 139 patients with mechanically aligned TKA, no cases with an MPTA deviation greater than 1 degree from 90 degrees were observed. Sixteen percent of the cases (n = 22) had a deviation of 0 to 1 degree. The remaining 84% of the cases (n = 117) had their MPTA of 90 degrees achieved. In the group of 121 patients with kinematically aligned TKA, no cases had a deviation greater than 1 degree compared with the preoperative MPTA. Thirty-one percent of the cases (n = 37) had a deviation of 0 to 1 degree with respect to preoperative MPTA. The remaining 69% of the cases (n = 84) had their tibial obliquity restored. Mechanically aligned TKA revealed statistically significant smaller deviations of accuracy compared to kinematically aligned TKA (p = 0.005). The inter- and intraclass correlations indicated substantial agreement of all measurements (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] < 0.90). Both mechanically aligned and kinematically aligned TKA demonstrated satisfactory outcomes in terms of restoring tibial obliquity or a neutral MPTA of 90 degrees using CI. However, MA showed superior results regarding precision compared to KA. When starting with kinematical alignment using CI, the surgeons should be aware that the learning curve according to accuracy differs to MA. It was a Prospective Level II study.
Management of Lateral Wall Insufficiency
Authors: Liu Sara W. , Lyford-Pike Sofia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLateral wall insufficiency is a commonly encountered etiology of nasal obstruction, resulting from dynamic collapse at the level of the internal or external nasal valve. Various management strategies exist to strengthen the lateral wall or stent the nasal valves to relieve nasal obstruction, and range from noninvasive devices, minimally invasive implants, or surgical reconstructive techniques. Surgical options to address the nasal valves are selected based on each patient's anatomic findings, aesthetic and functional goals, and surgeon preference. This article describes the anatomy and physiology of the nasal sidewall and nasal valves and diagnosis of lateral wall insufficiency, and provides a framework for treatment options.
Neonatal Ampicillin/Gentamicin Exposure and the Risk of Childhood Obesity in South Bronx Pediatric Population
Authors: Awujoola Adeola , Torga Ana Patricia , Abdul Ghayum Mohamed Aashiq , Mousa Nadeem , Olorunsogo Tolulope , DeSilva Samantha , Avades Meriam , Prince Olaseni , Ankola Pratibha 
Published: September 2023

Objective This study aimed to assess the association between neonatal antibiotic exposure and the risk of childhood obesity.
Study Design This retrospective cohort study enrolled neonates born between 2011 and 2015 and followed up until 5 years. The incidence of obesity at 5 years old, and other characteristics were compared between the antibiotic-exposed and unexposed groups. Chi-square test was conducted on categorical variables and Student's t-test for normally distributed continuous variable. Significant variables (p < 0.05) in bivariate analysis were modelled in a stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis to ascertain independent predictors of obesity at 5 years.
Results Of the 1,447 subjects, 749 (51.8%) received ampicillin and gentamicin, and 333 (23%) were obese. Neonates exposed to antibiotics were more likely to be obese compared with those unexposed (26 vs. 20%, p = 0.01). In the adjusted model, this association persisted (adjusted odds ratio: 1.37, p = 0.02).
Conclusion Neonatal antibiotic exposure is associated with early childhood obesity and may play a significant role in the weight trajectories of these children. Hence, antibiotic stewardship in this period cannot be overemphasized.
Key Points
Three-Dimensional Morphometric Analysis of Anterior Cerebral Circulation Aneurysms
Authors: Saal-Zapata Giancarlo , Walker Melanie , Cervantes-Medina Rosa , Rodríguez-Varela Rodolfo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article assesses the association between anterior circulation morphometry and the presence of intracranial aneurysm using three-dimensional rotational angiography (3DRA). A retrospective analysis at a Peruvian academic medical center between December 2018 and February 2020 identified 206 patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms and matched controls who underwent 3DRA. Angiographic images were obtained per standard of care, and measurements of the vasculature were performed using 3DRA vascular automated software. A total of 163 aneurysms and 43 control angiograms were evaluated. Women represented 82.5% of the cases and the mean age was 55.9 years (standard deviation ± 14.2). In multivariate analysis, five specific features were found to be statistically significant predictors for presence of an anterior circulation aneurysm: female sex (odds ratio [OR] = 2.71; p = 0.048), C-shape of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) (OR = 2.73; p = 0.018), distal internal carotid artery (ICA) diameter (OR = 3.42; p = 0.012), ICA bifurcation angle (OR = 1.02; p = 0.036), and length of the carotid siphon (OR = 1.08; p = 0.047). Features detected on 3DRA suggest morphological characteristics of the ICA and MCA may be predictive for intracranial aneurysm. Our findings build from prior reports by demonstrating five specific patient and imaging features associated with anterior circulation aneurysms. While 3DRA is the standard of care in many settings, medical centers with resource limitations may not have access to this technique. The demographic and morphological features identified in our study may have correlates that if detected on contrast computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging studies, may be used to help screen for a higher level of care in select patients.
Caudal Duplication Of Hind Gut And Lower Genitourinary Tract In A Female Child
Authors: Yadava Dr. V.N.S. , Prasad Dr. Jina Raghwendra , Prasad Dr. Kushwaha Komal 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTwo year old, with congenital anomaly of duplication of hind gut upto sigmoid flexor with one open end and other closed, as well as double bladder and double urethra opening below two clitoris and two vaginal vaults is presented.
Immunoglobulines And Protein Profiles in Burn Patients
Authors: Arora Dr. Anupama , Mehta Dr. Satish K. , Singh Dr. Kartar 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Serum immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, and IgM following burns remain subnormal for 7 days and return to normalcy by 14th to 21st day. Infection, infusion of ammino acids or antimicrobial agents used, have little effect.
Serum Protein Levels Following Amniotic Membrane Application in Burns
Authors: Barier Dr. L.M. , Bhat Dr. F.A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFifty patients in 18 months were subjected to this study. On second and on fifteenth day serum protein levels were studied. Both groups under study gave raised levels. Control group where burn surfaces were treated by antimicrobial cream showed 3% rise and those treated with amniotic membrane gave 11% rise in serum protein levels.
Chlorpromazine And Graft Survival An Experimental Study
Authors: Keswani Dr. N.K. , Misra Dr. Tatsat , Srivastava Dr. D.C. , Bansal Dr. Ajai 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLarge number of drugs have been used to make the longer length of the flap to survive in experimental animals. In present study, chlorpromazine has been used in experimental rats. In all, thirty albino rats were experimented. Longer length treated flap survival rate was observed in chlorpromazine group.
Problem And Principles Of Surgical Treatment Of Haemangiomas
Authors: Prasanna Dr. Mita 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSurgical excision of haemangiomas in selected cases is the quickest and surest method of cure. However, this treatment modality has never been very popular because of problems of bleedings, recurrence and need for reconstruction later. A study of 25 cases of various types of haemangiomas treated surgically is presented.
Composite Conchal Graft In Failed Rhinoplasty
Authors: Bhiwapurkar Dr. Rajan 
Published: September 2023

SummaryRhinoplasty to improve aesthetic appeal is now being carried out in ever larger numbers. Failure rate has also in recent times shown a rise. In best of experienced hands too, Augumentation Rhinoplasty some times fails to achieve desired results due to various reasons. One of them is when alar spring does not maintain its natural shape, producing a pinched nose look. How to correct this by a skin cartalage composite conchal graft is discussed here in this article.
A solenoid injector based drop-on-demand system for generating large droplets
Authors: Coşar Veli Can , Şen Onur , Ertunç Özgür , Qureshi Sarmad , Bebek Özkan 
Published: September 2023

This paper proposes a drop-on-demand (DOD) system that can produce single droplets of highly repeatable size in the order of 2 mm. This system utilizes an on-the-shelf solenoid injector used in automotive applications. The design methodology is explained along with the necessary measurements and numerical simulations of droplet generation. The invention consists of a solenoid injector that produces monodisperse single or in-series droplets with the help of a developed pulse width modulated signal generator. Mass per injection is measured over a range of supply pressures and injection durations to find the operation window to generate 2 mm droplets. Later, various nozzle geometries are designed and tested by flow simulations. The contracting nozzle is found suitable for generating single droplets, so the design is implemented at the tip of the solenoid injector. The effects of different opening times, pressures, and nozzle’s orifice diameters were tested to observe the operating window of the newly designed DOD system and the repeatability of generated droplets by utilizing a coherent circular Hough transform image processing algorithm to measure droplet sizes. The standard deviation of measured diameters is less than 5% of the mean droplet diameter, which is in the range of 1.68–2.07 mm. Next, the voltage and current signals are measured per injection, and exact instants for the initiation and ending for both opening and closing are determined to construct transient mass flow rate functions for flow simulations in which the dependence of droplet formation on the speed of closing is revealed. The numerical and experimental results indicate the repeatability and consistency of the invention.