bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Perioperative Prophylaxis With Enterococcus Activity on Risk of Surgical-Site Infection After Pancreas Transplantation
Authors: Yetmar Zachary A. , McCord Molly , Lahr Brian D. , Kudva Yogish C. , Seville Maria Teresa , Bosch Wendelyn , Lemke Adley , Katariya Nitin N. , Reddy Kunam S. , Perry Dana K. , Huskey Janna L. , Jarmi Tambi , Kukla Aleksandra , Dean Patrick G. , Bernard Stacy A. , Beam Elena 
Published: June 2023

Background.
Surgical-site infection (SSI) is the most common early infectious complication after pancreas transplantation (PT). Although SSI has been shown to worsen outcomes, little data exist to guide optimal choices in perioperative prophylaxis.

Methods.
We performed a retrospective cohort study of PT recipients from 2010–2020 to examine the effect of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis with Enterococcus coverage. Enterococcus coverage included antibiotics that would be active for penicillin-susceptible Enterococcus isolates. The primary outcome was SSI within 30 d of transplantation, and secondary outcomes were Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) and a composite of pancreas allograft failure or death. Outcomes were analyzed by multivariable Cox regression.

Results.
Of 477 PT recipients, 217 (45.5%) received perioperative prophylaxis with Enterococcus coverage. Eighty-seven recipients (18.2%) developed an SSI after a median of 15 d from transplantation. In multivariable Cox regression analysis, perioperative Enterococcus prophylaxis was associated with reduced risk of SSI (hazard ratio [HR] 0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.35-0.96; P = 0.034). Anastomotic leak was also significantly associated with elevated risk of SSI (HR 13.95; 95% CI, 8.72-22.32; P < 0.001). Overall, 90-d CDI was 7.4%, with no difference between prophylaxis groups (P = 0.680). SSI was associated with pancreas allograft failure or death, even after adjusting for clinical factors (HR 1.94; 95% CI, 1.16-3.23; P = 0.011).

Conclusions.
Perioperative prophylaxis with Enterococcus coverage was associated with reduced risk of 30-d SSI but did not seem to influence risk of 90-d CDI after PT. This difference may be because of the use of beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations, which provide better activity against enteric organisms such as Enterococcus and anaerobes compared with cephalosporin. Risk of SSI was also related to anastomotic leak from surgery, and SSI itself was associated with subsequent risk of a poor outcome. Measures to mitigate or prevent early complications are warranted.
HLA Sensitization in Patients Bridged to Lung Transplantation With Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Goetz Ryan L. , Kaleekal Thomas S. , Wille Keith M. , Orozco-Hernandez Erik , Gongora Enrique , Hoopes Charles W. , Rusanov Victoria 
Published: June 2023

Background.
Lung transplantation is a definitive therapy for many end-stage lung pathologies. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is increasingly being used as a bridge to lung transplantation (BTT). HLA sensitization is a major barrier to lung transplantation. The development of HLA sensitization while undergoing ECMO support as a BTT has recently been reported in a 2-patient series.

Methods.
We performed a retrospective analysis of patients undergoing ECMO as a BTT at a single large academic medical center from January 2016 to April 2022. The study was approved by the institutional review board. We selected patients who had undergone ECMO support for at least 7 d with either negative HLA before cannulation or initial negative HLA on ECMO (3 patients).

Results.
We identified 27 patients bridged to lung transplantation with available HLA data. Of this group, 8 patients (29.6%) developed significant HLA sensitization (>10%). We did not identify any factors predisposing to sensitization, including infection episodes or blood product transfusion. Sensitized patients demonstrated a trend toward an increased primary graft dysfunction rate, a need for posttransplant ECMO support, and a decreased 1-y survival; however, these did not meet statistical significance.

Conclusions.
Our study is the largest series today describing the association between HLA sensitization and ECMO therapy. We suggest that interaction between the immune system and ECMO circuit contributes to allosensitization pretransplant, similar to that occurring with ventricular assist device. Further work is needed to better characterize the incidence of HLA sensitization in a multicenter cohort and to identify potentially modifiable factors associated with HLA sensitization.
Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Outcome of New-onset Systolic Heart Failure After Liver Transplantation: A Single-center Cohort
Authors: Souki Fouad G. , Raveh Yehuda , Sancassani Rhea , Livingstone Joshua , Shatz Vadim , Ashrafi Behrouz , Shuman Miryam , Nicolau-Raducu Ramona 
Published: June 2023

Background.
New-onset systolic heart failure (HF) after liver transplantation (LT) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality; however, its characteristics are still insufficiently delineated. HF may involve the left ventricle (LV), right ventricle (RV), or both ventricles. We explored the incidence, characteristics, etiologies, risks, involved cardiac chambers, and outcomes of HF after LT.

Methods.
This study included 528 adult patients with preoperative LV ejection fraction ≥ 55% who underwent LT between 2016 and 2020. The primary outcome was new-onset systolic HF, defined by the presence of clinical signs, symptoms, and echocardiographic evidence of reduced LVejection fraction <50% and RV dysfunction within the first year after LT.

Results.
Thirty-one patients (6%) developed systolic HF within a median of 9 d (1–364). Of those, 23% of patients had ischemic HF, whereas 77% had nonischemic HF. Nonischemic HF was caused by stress (11), sepsis (8), or other factors (5). Nonischemic HF was secondary to isolated LV failure in 58% of patients or RV ± LV failure in 42% of patients. Recursive partitioning identified subgroups with varying risks and uncovered interaction between variables. HF risk increased from 4.2% to 13% when epinephrine and/or norepinephrine drips were used intraoperatively (P < 0.01). When no epinephrine and/or norepinephrine were used, HF risk increased from 3.1% to 38.5% if baseline hemoglobin was <7.2 g/dL (P < 0.01). When baseline hemoglobin was ≥7.2 g/dL, HF risk increased from 0% to 5.2% when ≥3500 mL crystalloid was used intraoperatively (P < 0.01). Posttransplant first-year survival and reversibility of HF depended on the etiology (stress, sepsis, ischemia, etc) and cardiac chamber involvement (isolated LV or RV ± LV). RV dysfunction was associated with inferior recovery of cardiac function and poorer survival than nonischemic isolated LV dysfunction (50% versus 70%, respectively).

Conclusions.
Posttransplant new-onset HF is mostly nonischemic in nature and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality.
Cytomegalovirus Immunity Assays Predict Viremia but not Replication Within the Lung Allograft
Authors: Li Jenny , Gardiner Bradley J. , Stankovic Sanda , Oates Clare V. L. , Cristiano Yvonne , Levvey Bronwyn J. , Brooks Andrew G. , Snell Gregory I. , Westall Glen P. , Sullivan Lucy C. 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection causes significant morbidity and mortality in lung transplant recipients. Current guidelines use pretransplant donor and recipient CMV serostatus to predict the risk of subsequent CMV replication and length of antiviral prophylaxis. Immunological monitoring may better inform the risk of CMV infection in patients, thereby allowing for improved tailoring of antiviral prophylaxis. In this study, we compared 2 commercially available assays, the QuantiFERON-CMV (QFN-CMV) and T-Track-CMV (enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay), to predict the risk of CMV disease in lung transplant recipients.

Methods:
We performed CMV immunity assays on 32 lung transplant recipients at risk of CMV disease as defined by serostatus (CMV-seropositive recipients, n = 26; or CMV-seronegative lung transplant recipient receiving a CMV-seropositive donor organ, n = 6). QFN-CMV and T-Track were performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and episodes of CMV replication in both serum and bronchoalveolar lavage were found to be correlated to the CMV immune assays. The predictive ability of the assays was determined using Kaplan–Meier curves.

Results:
There was a degree of concordance between tests, with 44% of recipients positive for both tests and 28% negative for both tests; however, test results were discordant in 28% of cases. A negative result in either the QFN-CMV (P < 0.01) or T-Track (P < 0.05) assays was obtained in a significantly higher number of recipients who experienced CMV replication in the blood. Using these assays together gave higher predictability of CMV replication, with only 1 recipient experiencing CMV replication in the blood who obtained a positive test result for both assays. Neither assay was able to predict recipients who experienced CMV replication in the lung allograft.

Conclusions:
Our study demonstrates that CMV immunity assays can predict viremia; however, the lack of association with allograft infection suggests that CMV-specific T-cell immunity in the circulation is not associated with the control of CMV replication within the transplanted lung allograft.
Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals HIF1A as a severity-sensitive immunological scar in circulating monocytes of convalescent comorbidity-free COVID-19 patients
Authors: May Lilly , Chu Chang-Feng , Zielinski Christina E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCOVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is characterized by a wide range of clinical symptoms and a poorly predictable disease course. Although in-depth transcriptomic investigations of peripheral blood samples from COVID-19 patients have been performed, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying an asymptomatic, mild or severe disease course, particularly in patients without relevant comorbidities, remain poorly understood. While previous studies have mainly focused on the cellular and molecular dissection of ongoing COVID-19, we set out to characterize transcriptomic immune cell dysregulation at the single-cell level at different time points in patients without comorbidities after disease resolution to identify signatures of different disease severities in convalescence. With single-cell RNA sequencing we reveal a role for hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1A) as a severity-sensitive long-term immunological scar in circulating monocytes of convalescent COVID-19 patients. Additionally, circulating complexes formed by monocytes with either T cells or NK cells represent a characteristic cellular marker in convalescent COVID-19 patients irrespective of their preceding symptom severity. Together, these results provide cellular and molecular correlates of recovery from COVID-19 and could help in immune monitoring and in the design of new treatment strategies.
Anti-Viral and Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutic Effect of RAGE-Ig Protein Against Multiple SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern Demonstrated in K18-hACE2 Mouse and Syrian Golden Hamster Models
Authors: Dhanushkodi Nisha Rajeswari , Prakash Swayam , Quadiri Afshana , Zayou Latifa , Srivastava Ruchi , Shaik Amin Mohammed , Suzer Berfin , Ibraim Izabela Coimbra , Landucci Gary , Tifrea Delia F , Singer Mahmoud , Jamal Leila , Edwards Robert A , Vahed Hawa , Brown Lawrence , BenMohamed Lbachir 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTSignificanceSARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern (VOCs) continue to evolve and re-emerge with chronic inflammatory long-COVID sequelae necessitating the development of anti-inflammatory therapeutic molecules. Therapeutic effects of the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End products (RAGE) were reported in many inflammatory diseases. However, a therapeutic effect of the RAGE in COVID-19 has not been reported. In the present study, we investigated whether and how the RAGE-Ig fusion protein would have an anti-viral and anti-inflammatory therapeutic effect in the COVID-19 system.MethodsThe protective therapeutic effect of RAGE-Ig was determined in vitro in K18-hACE2 transgenic mice and Syrian golden hamsters infected with six various VOCs of SARS-CoV-2. The underlying anti-viral mechanism of RAGE-Ig was determinedin vitroin SARS-CoV-2-infected human lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B).ResultsFollowing treatment of K18-hACE2 mice and hamsters infected with various SARS-CoV-2 VOCs with RAGE-Ig, we demonstrated: (i) significant dose-dependent protection (i.e. greater survival, less weight loss, lower virus replication in the lungs); (ii) a reduction of inflammatory macrophages (F4/80+/Ly6C+) and neutrophils (CD11b+/Ly6G+) infiltrating the infected lungs; (iii) a RAGE-Ig dose-dependent increase in the expression of type I interferons (IFN-α, and IFN-β) and type III interferon (IFNλ2) and a decrease in the inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8) in SARS-CoV-2-infected human lung epithelial cells; and (iv) a dose-dependent decrease in the expression of CD64 (FcgR1) on monocytes and lung epithelial cells from symptomatic COVID-19 patients.ConclusionOur pre-clinical findings revealed type I and III interferons-mediated anti-viral and anti-inflammatory therapeutic effects of RAGE-Ig protein against COVID-19 caused by multiple SARS-CoV-2 VOCs.
An evolutionarily conserved strategy for ribosome binding and inhibition by β-coronavirus non-structural protein 1
Authors: Maurina Stephanie F. , O’Sullivan John P. , Sharma Geetika , Pineda Rodriguez Daniel C. , MacFadden Andrea , Cendali Francesca , Henen Morkos A. , Kieft Jeffrey S. , Glasgow Anum , Steckelberg Anna-Lena 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAn important pathogenicity factor of SARS-CoV-2 and related coronaviruses is Nsp1, which suppresses host gene expression and stunts antiviral signaling. SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1 binds the ribosome to inhibit translation through mRNA displacement and induces degradation of host mRNAs through an unknown mechanism. Here we show that Nsp1-dependent host shutoff is conserved in diverse coronaviruses, but only Nsp1 from β-CoV inhibits translation through ribosome binding. The C-terminal domain of all β-CoV Nsp1s confers high-affinity ribosome-binding despite low sequence conservation. Modeling of interactions of four Nsp1s to the ribosome identified few absolutely conserved amino acids that, together with an overall conservation in surface charge, form the β-CoV Nsp1 ribosome-binding domain. Contrary to previous models, the Nsp1 ribosome-binding domain is an inefficient translation inhibitor. Instead, the Nsp1-CTD likely functions by recruiting Nsp1’s N-terminal “effector” domain. Finally, we show that a viralcis-acting RNA element has co-evolved to fine-tune SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1 function, but does not provide similar protection against Nsp1 from related viruses. Together, our work provides new insight into the diversity and conservation of ribosome-dependent host-shutoff functions of Nsp1, knowledge that could aide future efforts in pharmacological targeting of Nsp1 from SARS-CoV-2, but also related human-pathogenic β-coronaviruses. Our study also exemplifies how comparing highly divergent Nsp1 variants can help to dissect the different modalities of this multi-functional viral protein.
Experimental study of the operating parameters on the performance of a single-stage Stirling cryocooler cooling infrared sensor for space application
Authors: Kharadi Fayaz , A Karthikeyan , Bhojwani Virendra , Dixit Prachi , Kanu Nand Jee , Jain Nidhi 
Published: June 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to achieve lower and lower temperature as infrared sensors works faster and better used for space application. For getting good quality images from space, the infrared sensors are need to keep in cryogenic temperature. Cooling to cryogenic temperatures is necessary for space-borne sensors used for space applications. Infrared sensors work faster or better at lower temperatures. It is the need for time to achieve lower and lower temperatures.

Design/methodology/approach
This study presents the investigation of the critical Stirling cryocooler parameters that influence the cold end temperature. In the paper, the design approach, the dimensions gained through thermal analysis, experimental procedure and testing results are discussed.

Findings
The effect of parameters such as multilayer insulation, helium gas charging pressure, compressor input voltage and cooling load was investigated. The performance of gold-plated and aluminized multilayer insulation is checked. The tests were done with multilayer insulation covering inside and outside the Perspex cover.

Practical implications
By using aluminized multilayer insulation inside and outside the Perspex cover, the improvement of 16 K in cool-down temperature was achieved. The cryocooler is charged with helium gas. The pressure varies between 14 and 18 bar. The optimum cooling is obtained for 17 bar gas pressure. The piston stroke increased as the compressor voltage increased, resulting in total helium gas compression. The optimum cool-down temperature was attained at 85 V.

Originality/value
The cryocooler is designed to achieve the cool-down temperature of 2 W cooling load at 100 K. The lowest cool-down temperature recorded was 105 K at a 2 W cooling load. Multilayer insulation is the major item that keeps the thermal radiation from the sun from reaching the copper tip.
Exploring factors influencing the adoption of mobile healthcare technologies: perspectives from designers, consultants and users’ preferences
Authors: Namirad Sepehr , Deiranlou Mehdi , Sajadi Seyed Mojtaba 
Published: June 2023

PurposeToday, the use of smart technologies in healthcare systems is experiencing exponential growth, and the future of healthcare is seemingly closely intertwined with such technologies. Thus, any exploration of the factors that influence human health and healthcare systems inevitably touches upon the subject of new technologies. This study aims to design a conceptual model to investigate the elements that affect individuals' openness to accepting and using mobile healthcare applications (mHealth apps) and their reciprocal effects.Design/methodology/approachAfter a brief review of the literature, the authors identify the influential factors in the acceptance of smart technologies in healthcare systems and present a conceptual model in this regard. Next, the authors analyze the factors and variables and the extent of their impact by a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. The statistical population of this study consists of 421 individuals including the developers, consultants and users (i.e. patients) of mHealth apps. Data analysis was done on the statistical software SPSS v.26, while SEM was carried out using the partial least squares (PLS) method on the modeling software SmartPLS.FindingsThe results indicate that user, consultant and developer preferences have a positive and significant impact on time, quality of life, managing chronic conditions and cooperation, and these constructs (system performance) finally have a positive and significant impact on the acceptance of mobile healthcare technologies.Originality/valueThis paper shows that mHealth apps can have a remarkable role in the prevention and treatment of medical conditions, and it is strongly recommended that this technology be utilized in the studied region.
Unearthing the intellectual structure of board interlocks research: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Dhingra Deepali , Dwivedi Neeraj 
Published: June 2023

Purpose
One of the most active areas of study in the field of corporate governance, board interlocks is a phenomenon that is both pervasive and perplexing. This paper aims to examine and integrate the empirical research on board interlocks to fill the void left by the lack of a recent review.

Design/methodology/approach
The bibliometric analysis methodology, which emphasizes methodological rigor and transparency, was used to analyze the board interlocks literature. Eighty publications published since 2000 were chosen as the subject of this research because they reveal the key contributions to the field of board interlocks. Additionally, their clustering pattern is also identified.

Findings
The authors classify various studies conducted on board interlocks into three clusters: “Social Capitalization”, “Antecedents and Outcomes” and “Corporate Governance”.

Originality/value
This literature review helps better comprehend the board interlocks literature by pointing out several areas of study that, if pursued, would add to the existing body of knowledge and open future research directions.
Impact of micro-credential learning on students' perceived employability: the mediating role of human capital
Authors: Zou Haobo , Ullah Asad , Qazi Zubaida , Naeem Amna , Rehan Sofia 
Published: June 2023

PurposeThis paper examines the influence of micro-credential learning on students' perceived employability. In addition, the study aims to explore different components that will help students to gain knowledge, enhance their careers and develop their human capital (social, cultural and scholastic capital). Hence, the study also analyzed the mediating role of human capital on the aforementioned association.Design/methodology/approachExplanatory research was conducted by utilizing a correlational research design. A questionnaire comprising of closed-ended items was utilized in the study. The data was analyzed by employing PLS-SEM technique.FindingsOur findings stipulate that micro-credential learning is an essential component to improve students' perceived employability. The study identified that micro-credential programs have a positive relationship with students' perceived employability. Moreover, the findings that micro-credential learning significantly impacts students' human capital, i.e. cultural, social and scholastic capital. Additionally, human capital acts as a significant mediator in the relationship between micro-credential learning and students' perceived employability. Moreover, participation in micro-credential learning can ensure that students can identify diverse career directions, seek information about the labor market and educational system, attain relevant qualifications for their vocations, and develop a plan for their future.Originality/valueMicro-credential programs are short and focused educational programs that offer specialized knowledge and skills in a particular area. These programs are becoming increasingly popular in the modern workforce to upskill or reskill quickly and efficiently. However, lack of empirical evidence is the ultimate gap in determining the importance of micro-credential learning; as the limited literature is unable to determine the importance of MCL on students' perceived employability. Thus, the study identifies the impact of micro-credential learning on students' perceived employability.