bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-domain lifestyle intervention in older adults after myocardial infarction: rationale and design of the PIpELINe randomized clinical trial
Authors: Tonet Elisabetta , Raisi Andrea , Zagnoni Silvia , Chiaranda Giorgio , Pavasini Rita , Vitali Francesco , Gibiino Federico , Campana Roberta , Boccadoro Alberto , Scala Antonella , Canovi Luca , Amantea Veronica , Matese Camilla , Berloni Maria Letizia , Piva Tommaso , Zerbini Valentina , Cardelli Laura Sofia , Pasanisi Giovanni , Mazzoni Gianni , Casella Gianni , Grazzi Giovanni , Campo Gianluca 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Traditional cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is effective in improving physical performance and prognosis after myocardial infarction (MI). Anyway, it is not consistently recommended to older adults, and its attendance rate is low. Previous studies suggested that alternative, early and tailored exercise interventions are feasible and effective in improving physical performance in older MI patients. Anyway, the demonstration that they are associated also with a significant reduction of hard endpoints is lacking.

Aim
To describe rationale and design of the “Physical activity Intervention in Elderly patients with myocardial Infarction” (PIpELINe) trial.

Methods
The PIpELINe trial is a prospective, randomized, multicentre study with a blinded adjudicated evaluation of the outcomes. Patients aged ≥ 65 years, admitted to hospital for MI and with a low physical performance one month after discharge, as defined as short physical performance battery (SPPB) value between 4 and 9, will be randomized to a multi-domain lifestyle intervention (including dietary counselling, strict management of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors, and exercise training) or health education. The primary endpoint is the one-year occurrence of the composite of cardiovascular death or re-hospitalization for cardiovascular causes.

Results
The recruitment started in March 2020. The estimated sample size is 456 patients. The conclusion of the enrolment is planned for mid-2023. The primary endpoint analysis will be available for the end of 2024.

Conclusions
The PIpELINe trial will show if a multi-domain lifestyle intervention is able to reduce adverse events in older patients with reduced physical performance after hospitalization for MI.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04183465.
Looking China Youth film project: untold stories a small handbook on documentary or how to shooting successfully in unknown circumstances
Authors: Velinovic Predrag 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTheoretical and practical work in the education of students of film and television directing are important and somehow go hand in hand. The choice of the topic, the director’s attitude, the question of the concept, are themes that are thought about more and more as the level of knowledge and understanding increases. What happens when a student faces with an unexpected challenge, with an unknown topic, in a new environment? How much education, and how much coping, intuitiveness, talent, are important for making the decisions?
Reinforcement-learning-based parameter adaptation method for particle swarm optimization
Authors: Yin Shiyuan , Jin Min , Lu Huaxiang , Gong Guoliang , Mao Wenyu , Chen Gang , Li Wenchang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractParticle swarm optimization (PSO) is a well-known optimization algorithm that shows good performances in solving different optimization problems. However, the PSO usually suffers from slow convergence. In this article, a reinforcement-learning-based parameter adaptation method (RLAM) is developed to enhance the PSO convergence by designing a network to control the coefficients of the PSO. Moreover, based on the RLAM, a new reinforcement-learning-based PSO (RLPSO) algorithm is designed. To investigate the performance of the RLAM and RLPSO, experiments on 28 CEC 2013 benchmark functions were carried out to compare with other adaptation methods and PSO variants. The reported computational results showed that the proposed RLAM is efficient and effective and that the proposed RLPSO is superior to several state-of-the-art PSO variants.
Promises and partner-switch
Authors: Di Bartolomeo Giovanni , Dufwenberg Martin , Papa Stefano 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBuilding on a partner-switching mechanism, we experimentally test two theories that posit different reasons why promises breed trust and cooperation. The expectation-based explanation (EBE) operates via belief-dependent guilt aversion, while the commitment-based explanation (CBE) suggests that promises offer commitment power via a (belief-independent) preference to keep one’s word. Previous research performed a similar test, which we argue should be interpreted as concerning informal agreements rather than (unilateral) promises.
Solar Cycle and Solar Wind Dependence of the Occurrence of Large dB/dt Events at High Latitudes
Authors: Milan S. E. , Imber S. M. , Fleetham A. L. , Gjerloev J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe investigate sharp changes in magnetic field that can produce Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GICs) which damage pipelines and power grids. We use one‐minute cadence SuperMAG observations to find the occurrence distribution of magnetic field “spikes.” Recent studies have determined recurrence statistics for extreme events and charted the local time distribution of spikes; however, their relation to solar activity and conditions in the solar wind is poorly understood. We study spike occurrence during solar cycles 23 and 24, roughly 1995 to 2020. We find three local time hotspots in occurrence: the pre‐midnight region associated with substorm onsets, the dawn sector often associated with omega band activity, and the pre‐noon sector associated with the Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability (KHI) occurring at the magnetopause. Magnetic field perturbations are mainly North‐South for substorms and KHI, and East‐West for omega bands. Substorm spikes occur at all phases of the solar cycle, but maximize in the declining phase. Omega‐band and KHI spikes are confined to solar maximum and the declining phase. Substorm spikes occur during moderate solar wind driving, omega band spikes during strong driving, and KHI spikes during quiet conditions but with high solar wind speed. We show that the shapes of these distributions do not depend on the magnitude of the spikes, so it appears that our results can be extrapolated to extreme events.
Stress‐Based and Convolutional Forecasting of Injection‐Induced Seismicity: Application to the Otaniemi Geothermal Reservoir Stimulation
Authors: Kim Taeho , Avouac Jean‐Philippe 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInduced seismicity observed during Enhanced Geothermal Stimulation at Otaniemi, Finland is modeled using both statistical and physical approaches. The physical model produces simulations closest to the observations when assuming rate‐and‐state friction for shear failure with diffusivity matching the pressure build‐up at the well‐head at onset of injections. Rate‐and‐state friction implies a time‐dependent earthquake nucleation process which is found to be essential in reproducing the spatial pattern of seismicity. This implies that permeability inferred from the expansion of the seismicity triggering front (Shapiro et al., 1997, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1997.tb01215.x) can be biased. We suggest a heuristic method to account for this bias that is independent of the earthquake magnitude detection threshold. Our modeling suggests that the Omori law decay during injection shut‐ins results mainly from stress relaxation by pore pressure diffusion. During successive stimulations, seismicity should only be induced where the previous maximum of Coulomb stress changes is exceeded. This effect, commonly referred to as the Kaiser effect, is not clearly visible in the data from Otaniemi. The different injection locations at the various stimulation stages may have resulted in sufficiently different effective stress distributions that the effect was muted. We describe a statistical model whereby seismicity rate is estimated from convolution of the injection history with a kernel which approximates earthquake triggering by fluid diffusion. The statistical method has superior computational efficiency to the physical model and fits the observations as well as the physical model. This approach is applicable provided the Kaiser effect is not strong, as was the case in Otaniemi.
New Insights Into the Rift‐To‐Drift Process of the Northern South China Sea Margin Constrained by a Three‐Dimensional Wide‐Angle Seismic Velocity Model
Authors: Zhang Jiazheng , Zhao Minghui , Ding Weiwei , Ranero César R. , Sallares Valenti , Gao Jinwei , Zhang Cuimei , Qiu Xuelin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA three‐dimensional (3D) P‐wave seismic velocity (Vp) model of the crust in the northern South China Sea margin drilled by IODP Expeditions 367/368/368X has been obtained with first‐arrival travel‐time tomography using wide‐angle seismic data from a network of 49 OBSs and 11 air‐gun shot lines. The 3D Vp distribution constrains the extent, structure and nature of the continental, continent to ocean transition (COT), and oceanic domains. Continental crust laterally ranges in thickness from ∼8 to 20 km, a ∼20 km‐width COT contains no evidence of exhumed mantle, and crust with clear oceanic seismic structure ranges in thickness from ∼4.5 to 9 km. A high‐velocity (7.0–7.5 km/s) lower crust (HVLC) ranges in thickness from ∼1 to 9 km across the continental and COT domains, which is interpreted as a proxy of syn‐rift and syn‐breakup magma associated to underplating and/or intrusions. Continental crust thinning style is abrupter in the NE segment and gradual in the SW segment. Abrupter continental thinning exhibits thicker HVLC at stretching factor (β) < ∼3, whereas gentler thinning associates to thinner HVLC at β > ∼4. Opening of the NE segment thus occurred by comparatively increased magmatism, whereas tectonic extension was more important in the SW segment. The Vp distribution shows the changes in deformation and magmatism are abrupt along the strike of the margin, with the segments possibly bounded by a transfer fault system. No conventional model explains the structure and segmentation of tectonic and magmatic processes. Local inherited lithospheric heterogeneities during rifting may have modulated the contrasting opening styles.
Equation of State and Spin Crossover of (Al, Fe)‐Phase H
Authors: Strozewski Benjamin , Buchen Johannes , Sturhahn Wolfgang , Ishii Takayuki , Ohira Itaru , Chariton Stella , Lavina Barbara , Zhao Jiyong , Toellner Thomas S. , Jackson Jennifer M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe transport of hydrogen into Earth's deep interior may have an impact on lower mantle dynamics as well as on the seismic signature of subducted material. Due to the stability of the hydrous phases δ‐AlOOH (delta phase), MgSiO2(OH)2 (phase H), and ε‐FeOOH at high temperatures and pressures, their solid solutions may transport significant amounts of hydrogen as deep as the core‐mantle boundary. We have constrained the equation of state, including the effects of a spin crossover in the Fe3+ atoms, of (Al, Fe)‐phase H: Al0.84Fe3+ 0.07Mg0.02Si0.06OOH, using powder X‐ray diffraction measurements to 125 GPa, supported by synchrotron Mössbauer spectroscopy measurements on (Al, Fe)‐phase H and δ‐(Al, Fe)OOH. The changes in spin state of Fe3+ in (Al, Fe)‐phase H results in a significant decrease in bulk sound velocity and occurs over a different pressure range (48–62 GPa) compared with δ‐(Al, Fe)OOH (32–40 GPa). Changes in axial compressibilities indicate a decrease in the compressibility of hydrogen bonds in (Al, Fe)‐phase H near 30 GPa, which may be associated with hydrogen bond symmetrization. The formation of (Al, Fe)‐phase H in subducted oceanic crust may contribute to scattering of seismic waves in the mid‐lower mantle (∼1,100–1,550 km). Accumulation of 1–4 wt.% (Al, Fe)‐phase H could reproduce some of the seismic signatures of large, low seismic‐velocity provinces. Our results suggest that changes in the electronic structure of phases in the (δ‐AlOOH)‐(MgSiO2(OH)2)‐(ε‐FeOOH) solid solution are sensitive to composition and that the presence of these phases in subducted oceanic crust could be seismically detectable throughout the lower mantle.
Synoptic Drivers of Atmospheric River Induced Precipitation Near Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica
Authors: Baiman Rebecca , Winters Andrew C. , Lenaerts Jan , Shields Christine A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAtmospheric rivers (ARs) that reach the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) transport anomalous moisture from lower latitudes and can impact the AIS via extreme precipitation and increased downward longwave radiation. ARs contribute significantly to the interannual variability of precipitation over the AIS and thus are likely to play a key role in understanding future changes in the surface mass balance of the AIS. Dronning Maud Land (DML) is one of four maxima in AR frequency over coastal East Antarctica, with AR precipitation explaining 77% of the interannual variability in precipitation for this region. We employ a 16‐node self‐organizing map (SOM) trained with MERRA‐2 sea‐level pressure anomalies to identify synoptic‐scale environments associated with landfalling ARs in and around DML. Node composites of atmospheric variables reveal common drivers of precipitation associated with ARs reaching DML including anomalous high‐low surface pressure couplets, anomalously high integrated water vapor, and coastal barrier jets. Using a quasi‐geostrophic framework, we find that upward vertical motion associated with the occlusion process of attendant cyclones dominates atmospheric lift in AR environments. We further identify mechanisms that explain the variability in AR precipitation intensity across nodes, such as the lift associated with the occlusion process of attendant cyclones and the spatial coincidence of ascent induced by the occlusion process and frontogenesis. The latter suggests that ARs making landfall during the mature phase of cyclogenesis result in higher precipitation intensity compared to landfalling ARs that occur during the occluded phase.
Complexity and Predictability of Daily Actual Evapotranspiration Across Climate Regimes
Authors: Di Chongli , Wang Tiejun , Han Qiong , Mai Mai , Wang Lichun , Chen Xi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEstimation of actual evapotranspiration (ETa) is challenging due to its complex interactions with surrounding environments; thus, understanding the complexity and predictability of ETa along with its influencing factors is essential to improve ETa estimation. Based on the FLUXNET and ChinaFLUX datasets, we first examined whether daily ETa exhibited chaotic behaviors, and then investigated how daily ETa complexity and predictability varied across climate regimes and ecosystems using the chaos theory. The results of recurrence plot and correlation dimension (CD) analysis suggested the existence of chaotic behaviors in daily ETa, implying the system controlling ETa processes was deterministic with a limited number of controlling variables. The recurrence quantification analysis further revealed a varying degree of complexity for ETa processes (e.g., determinism‐DET with a range from 0.01% to 40.7%) across the sites. Specifically, daily ETa featured stronger deterministic properties (e.g., higher DET and lower CD values) and thus higher predictability in humid and arid regions; whereas, higher degrees of daily ETa complexity emerged in sub‐humid and semi‐arid regions due to more complex interactions with environmental factors. Moreover, primary environmental controls on daily ETa complexity varied with climatic and land surface conditions. Results showed that energy and water supplies along with average daily temperature and relative humidity were the primary controls on the ETa complexity across the sites, while leaf area index also played an important role at drier sites. As a first attempt, this study provides additional avenues to understand the complexity of ETa processes from a global perspective using the chaos theory.
Is It Possible to Quantify Irrigation Water‐Use by Assimilating a High‐Resolution Satellite Soil Moisture Product?
Authors: Jalilvand Ehsan , Abolafia‐Rosenzweig Ronnie , Tajrishy Masoud , Kumar Sujay V. , Mohammadi Mohammad Reza , Das Narendra N. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIrrigation is the largest human intervention in the water cycle that can modulate climate extremes, yet irrigation water use (IWU) remains largely unknown in most regions. Microwave remote sensing offers a practical way to quantify IWU by monitoring changes in soil moisture caused by irrigation. However, high‐resolution satellite soil moisture data is typically infrequent (e.g., 6–12 days) and thus may miss irrigation events. This study evaluates the ability to quantify IWU by assimilating high‐resolution (1 km) SMAP‐Sentinel 1 remotely sensed soil moisture with a physically based land surface model (LSM) using a particle batch smoother (PBS). A suite of synthetic experiments is devised to evaluate different error sources. Results from the synthetic experiments show that unbiased simulations with known irrigation timing can produce an accurate irrigation estimate with a mean annual bias of 0.45% and a mean R2 of 0.97, relative to observed IWU. Unknown irrigation timing can significantly deteriorate the model performance, resulting in an increased mean annual bias to 23% and decreased mean R2 to 0.36. Adding random noise to synthetic observations does not significantly decrease model performance except for the experiments with low observation frequency (>12 days). In real‐world experiments, the PBS data assimilation approach underestimates observed IWU by 18.6% when the timing of IWU is known. IWU estimates are consistently significantly higher over irrigated pixels compared to the non‐irrigated pixels, indicating data assimilation skillfully conveys irrigation signals to the LSM.
Underestimated Interannual Variability of Terrestrial Vegetation Production by Terrestrial Ecosystem Models
Authors: Lin Shangrong , Hu Zhongmin , Wang Yingping , Chen Xiuzhi , He Bin , Song Zhaoliang , Sun Shaobo , Wu Chaoyang , Zheng Yi , Xia Xiaosheng , Liu Liyang , Tang Jing , Sun Qing , Joos Fortunat , Yuan Wenping 
Published: March 2023

AbstractVegetation gross primary production (GPP) is the largest terrestrial carbon flux and plays an important role in regulating the carbon sink. Current terrestrial ecosystem models (TEMs) are indispensable tools for evaluating and predicting GPP. However, to which degree the TEMs can capture the interannual variability (IAV) of GPP remains unclear. With large data sets of remote sensing, in situ observations, and predictions of TEMs at a global scale, this study found that the current TEMs substantially underestimate the GPP IAV in comparison to observations at global flux towers. Our results also showed the larger underestimations of IAV in GPP at nonforest ecosystem types than forest types, especially in arid and semiarid grassland and shrubland. One cause of the underestimation is that the IAV in GPP predicted by models is strongly dependent on canopy structure, that is, leaf area index (LAI), and the models underestimate the changes of canopy physiology responding to climate change. On the other hand, the simulated interannual variations of LAI are much less than the observed. Our results highlight the importance of improving TEMs by precisely characterizing the contribution of canopy physiological changes on the IAV in GPP and of clarifying the reason for the underestimated IAV in LAI. With these efforts, it may be possible to accurately predict the IAV in GPP and the stability of the global carbon sink in the context of global climate change.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug target gene associations with major depressive disorders: a Mendelian randomisation study integrating GWAS, eQTL and mQTL Data
Authors: He Qian , Wu Kevin Chun Hei , Bennett Adam N. , Fan Beifang , Liu Jundong , Huang Ruixuan , Kong Alice P. S. , Tian Xiaoyu , Kwok Man Ki Maggie , Chan Kei Hang Katie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPrevious observational studies reported associations between non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and major depressive disorder (MDD), however, these associations are often inconsistent and underlying biological mechanisms are still poorly understood. We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) study to examine relationships between genetic variants and NSAID target gene expression or DNA methylation (DNAm) using publicly available expression, methylation quantitative trait loci (eQTL or mQTL) data and genetic variant-disease associations from genome-wide association studies (GWAS of MDD). We also assessed drug exposure using gene expression and DNAm levels of NSAID targets as proxies. Genetic variants were robustly adjusted for multiple comparisons related to gene expression, DNAm was used as MR instrumental variables and GWAS statistics of MDD as the outcome. A 1-standard deviation (SD) lower expression of NEU1 in blood was related to lower C-reactive protein (CRP) levels of −0.215 mg/L (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.128–0.426) and a decreased risk of MDD (odds ratio [OR] = 0.806; 95% CI: 0.735–0.885; p = 5.36 × 10−6). A concordant direction of association was also observed for NEU1 DNAm levels in blood and a risk of MDD (OR = 0.886; 95% CI: 0.836–0.939; p = 4.71 × 10−5). Further, the genetic variants associated with MDD were mediated by NEU1 expression via DNAm (β = −0.519; 95% CI: −0.717 to −0.320256; p = 3.16 × 10−7). We did not observe causal relationships between inflammatory genetic marker estimations and MDD risk. Yet, we identified a concordant association of NEU1 messenger RNA and an adverse direction of association of higher NEU1 DNAm with MDD risk. These results warrant increased pharmacovigilance and further in vivo or in vitro studies to investigate NEU1 inhibitors or supplements for MDD.
Targeted DNA demethylation of the ZNF334 promoter inhibits colorectal cancer growth
Authors: Yang Bin , Tang Haiyu , Wang Nan , Gu Jian , Wang Qin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Aberrant regulation of DNA methylation in promoters of tumor suppressor genes or proto-oncogenes is one of the fundamental processes driving the initiation and progression of CRC. Zinc-finger proteins (ZNFs) are one of the most abundant groups of proteins and function in many important biological processes related to tumorigenesis. Herein, we detected abnormal hypermethylation of the ZNF334 gene in CRC tissues compared with normal tissues, and this modification downregulated the expression of ZNF334. Furthermore, ten-eleven translocation 1 (TET1) was identified to be involved in regulating the methylation level of ZNF334. Next, a dCas9-multiGCN4/scFv-TET1CD-sgZNF334-targeted demethylation system was constructed to reverse the expression of ZNF334 through sgRNA targeting the ZNF334 promoter. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated the targeted demethylation system upregulated ZNF334 expression and inhibited CRC growth. Collectively, targeted DNA demethylation of the ZNF334 promoter sheds light on the precise treatment of CRC.