bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced methodologies for the cleaning of works of art
Authors: Casini Andrea , Chelazzi David , Baglioni Piero 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCultural heritage assets constitute a fundamental socioeconomic resource, but the actual works of art need to be maintained, counteracting degradation processes, to transfer these benefits to future generations. In particular, the removal of soil, aged coatings, and vandalism/overpaints is one of the most needed interventions in art restoration. Traditional cleaning methodologies, based on classical solution and polymer chemistry, only grant limited control of the cleaning interventions, with the risk of affecting the original components of the artifacts, and often involving the use of toxic or non-environmentally friendly compounds. Alternatively, materials science, colloids, and soft matter have provided valuable and safe solutions in the last decades. This review provides a selection of the most recent and advanced methodologies for the wet cleaning of works of art, spanning from nanostructured cleaning fluids (microemulsions, surfactants swollen micelles) to physical and chemical gels. The new methodologies work on different physico-chemical mechanisms, such as processes for detaching/dewetting, to selectively remove the unwanted layers in sustainable and cost-effective interventions. The best performing systems, like microemulsions confined in “twin-chain” polyvinyl alcohol gels, have been assessed in the cleaning of masterpieces such as works by Pablo Picasso, Jackson Pollock and Roy Lichtenstein. Particular attention is dedicated to “green” chemistry systems, using low-toxicity solvents or bio-based/waste materials to build gel networks. Finally, current trends and future perspectives are given, showing that advanced systems for art cleaning link with transversal fields of crucial importance even beyond Cultural heritage conservation, e.g., detergency, tissue engineering, drug-delivery, food industry and cosmetics.
Few Interventions Support the Affected Other on Their Own: a Systematic Review of Individual Level Psychosocial Interventions to Support Those Harmed by Others’ Alcohol Use
Authors: Shorter G. W. , Campbell K. B. D. , Miller N. M. , Epton T. , O’Hara L. , Millen S. , Gunnarsson K. Ulfsdotter , Berry E. , Bendtsen M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOver
100 million individuals worldwide experience negative outcomes as a function of a family member or loved one’s substance use. Other reviews have summarized evidence on interventions; however, success often depends on the behavior of the individual causing harm, and they may not be ready or able to change. The aim of this study was to identify and describe evaluations of psychosocial interventions which can support those affected by alcohol harm to others independent of their drinking relative or friend. A systematic review/narrative synthesis of articles from 11 databases pre-registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021203204) was conducted. Those experiencing the harm were spouses/partners or adult children/students who have parents with alcohol problems. Studies (n = 7) were from the UK, the USA, Korea, Sweden, Mexico, and India. Most participants were female (71–100%). Interventions varied from guided imagery, cognitive behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing, and anger management. Independent interventions may support those affected by another’s alcohol use, although there was considerable variation in outcomes targeted by the intervention design. Small-scale studies suggest psychosocial interventions ease suffering from alcohol’s harm to others, independent of the drinking family member. Understanding affected others’ experience and need is important given the impact of alcohol’s harm to others; however, there is a lack of quality evidence and theoretical underpinning informing strategies to support these individuals.
Aluminum Nitride in Al–Si–Mg Alloy
Authors: Arya Samira M. , Griffiths W. D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhen liquid aluminum is exposed to air, an oxide layer instantaneously forms on the surface of the melt, which, when enfolded, becomes a double oxide film defect (bifilm), producing entrained air pockets forming voids, cracks, and areas of stress. Studies of the reactions between the air trapped inside the bifilms and the surrounding melt have produced reaction products such as AlN. In this study, examination of the fracture surfaces of an Al–7Si–0.3Mg (2L99) as-cast alloy revealed AlN apparently of a different “nodular” morphology of approximately 15 μm in length. In contrast to the “feather-shaped” AlN morphology grown through holding in nitrogen or the addition of Mo to 2L99 observed in previous research, the observed nodular morphology in this study was thought to be less permeable. This confirmed the hypothesis of Nyahumwa et al. (AFS Trans 106:215–223, 1998), who suggested that the entrapped air in bifilms can react with the surrounding liquid melt by initially consuming oxygen to form oxides, such as spinel (MgAl2O4), followed by the consumption of the nitrogen to form AlN. The AlN observed has been proposed to reduce the size of bifilms and correspondingly improve the mechanical properties of the alloy. In this work, AlN was also grown by holding alloys in a controlled nitrogen gas environment at 850 °C at various holding times to reveal AlN morphologies.
Phase Evolution at the Interface between Liquid Solder Sn-Zn-Ag and Cu Substrate Studied by In Situ Heating Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Czaja Paweł , Dybeł Aleksandra , Pstruś Janusz 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWetting phenomena concerning Sn-Zn eutectic alloys with Ag addition were studied in contact with Cu substrate at 250 °C and in the presence of ALU33 flux. The chosen wetting time was 5 s. Then in situ STEM isothermal heating at 150 °C lasting for 10, 40 and 70 min was conducted to establish the sequence of phase appearance. The intermetallic phases within the Cu-Zn system were identified. The formation sequence and interface microstructure were determined. It is demonstrated that the ε-Cu(Ag)Zn4 phase appears first and it is followed by the γ-Cu(Ag)5Zn8. The resulting Cu saturated solder transforms into γ phase taking scallop-like shape.
Lamb–Mössbauer factor of powders determined by Mössbauer spectroscopy with resonant detector
Authors: Novák Petr , Schlattauerová Tereza , Procházka Vít , Kopp Josef , Vrba Vlastimil 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Lamb–Mössbauer factor is a crucial material parameter for the proper quantitative analysis of Mössbauer experiments. We report on a method for determining the Lamb–Mössbauer factor of powdered samples. It utilizes a resonant Mössbauer spectrometer together with a customized sample preparation, which ensures a homogeneous thickness of the powdered absorbers. Compared with other methods of Lamb‒Mössbauer factor determination, the presented approach is direct and requires only a single Mössbauer measurement. To demonstrate this method, the Lamb–Mössbauer factor of iron(II) oxalate dihydrate samples with varying thickness was measured. The resulting value of the Lamb–Mössbauer factor was 0.38 ± 0.03. The presented approach can be used for a large variety of powdered materials.
Knowledge gap in a cross section of Irish general practitioners prescribing denosumab for osteoporosis
Authors: Reilly Eimear O’ , Fitzpatrick Donal , Lannon Rosaleen , McCarroll Kevin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Denosumab is commonly used by general practitioners (GPs) in Ireland to treat osteoporosis though drug holidays are not recommended with rebound bone loss and risk of vertebral fractures if stopped. We aimed to investigate GP practice and knowledge regarding denosumab including use and reasons for use, therapy duration, blood monitoring and recommended vitamin D status/calcium intake on treatment, staff administering, methods of recall, delays in receiving injections, management of and awarenes of guidelines if stopped, reasons for stopping and concerns about same.

Methods
GPs were contacted (n = 846) by email and invited to complete an online anonymous survey comprising 25 questions in January 2022. We collated responses and explored for differences between GP principals/trainers and GP trainees.

Results
There were 146 responses. Sixty-seven percent were female and 50% were GP principal/trainers. Forty-three percent used denosumab as a first line therapy citing convenience in 32% of cases. Half (50%) envisaged therapy for 3–5 years and 15% lifelong use. A fifth (21%) had no concerns about it being stopped (11% trainors vs 31% trainees, P = 0.002). If stopped, 41% cited opting for a drug holiday with monitoring. Forty percent of GPs gave patients a reminder card for the next injection and 27% had an alert system.

Conclusion
We identified a knowledge gap in denosumab prescribing among a sample of Irish GPs. Findings suggest a need for education to increase awareness around denosumab use and to consider recall systems in GP practices as suggested elsewhere to ensure persistence with therapy.
Production method of the Königsaue birch tar documents cumulative culture in Neanderthals
Authors: Schmidt Patrick , Koch Tabea J. , Blessing Matthias A. , Karakostis F. Alexandros , Harvati Katerina , Dresely Veit , Charrié-Duhaut Armelle 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBirch tar is the oldest synthetic substance made by early humans. The earliest such artefacts are associated with Neanderthals. According to traditional interpretations, their study allows understanding Neanderthal tool behaviours, skills and cultural evolution. However, recent work has found that birch tar can also be produced with simple processes, or even result from fortuitous accidents. Even though these findings suggest that birch tar per se is not a proxy for cognition, they do not shed light on the process by which Neanderthals produced it, and, therefore, cannot evaluate the implications of that behaviour. Here, we address the question of how tar was made by Neanderthals. Through a comparative chemical analysis of the two exceptional birch tar pieces from Königsaue (Germany) and a large reference birch tar collection made with Stone Age techniques, we found that Neanderthals did not use the simplest method to make tar. Rather, they distilled tar in an intentionally created underground environment that restricted oxygen flow and remained invisible during the process. This degree of complexity is unlikely to have been invented spontaneously. Our results suggest that Neanderthals invented or developed this process based on previous simpler methods and constitute one of the clearest indicators of cumulative cultural evolution in the European Middle Palaeolithic.
A taxonomy of data governance decision domains in data marketplaces
Authors: Abraham Rene , Schneider Johannes , vom Brocke Jan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCommercializing data and data-related services has gained in importance in recent years. Driven by digitalization and the Internet-of-Things (IoT), companies and individuals continuously generate vast amounts of data. Data marketplaces have emerged to support these data providers in selling their data to different data consumers. However, data marketplaces face challenges in different data governance decision domains that inhibit their adoption. To get a better understanding of how data marketplaces counteract these challenges, this paper develops a taxonomy of data governance decision domains in data marketplaces. We used a taxonomy development method to inspect 13 data marketplaces from eight countries. The resulting taxonomy shows an overview of mechanisms concerning data quality, data security, data architecture, metadata, data lifecycle, data storage, and data pricing. We discuss common instantiation patterns, highlight gaps, and propose possible solutions. The taxonomy sets a foundation for further research and theory-building on data marketplaces. Practitioners can use the taxonomy to develop customized data governance strategies for data marketplaces.
CT based intratumor and peritumoral radiomics for differentiating complete from incomplete capsular characteristics of parotid pleomorphic adenoma: a two-center study
Authors: Li Shuang , Su Xiaorui , Ning Youquan , Zhang Simin , Shao Hanbing , Wan Xinyue , Tan Qiaoyue , Yang Xibiao , Peng Juan , Gong Qiyong , Yue Qiang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective
Capsular characteristics of pleomorphic adenoma (PA) has various forms. Patients without complete capsule has a higher risk of recurrence than patients with complete capsule. We aimed to develop and validate CT-based intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics models to make a differential diagnosis between parotid PA with and without complete capsule.

Methods
Data of 260 patients (166 patients with PA from institution 1 (training set) and 94 patients (test set) from institution 2) were retrospectively analyzed. Three Volume of interest (VOIs) were defined in the CT images of each patient: tumor volume of interest (VOItumor), VOIperitumor, and VOIintra-plus peritumor. Radiomics features were extracted from each VOI and used to train nine different machine learning algorithms. Model performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the curve (AUC).

Results
The results showed that the radiomics models based on features from VOIintra-plus peritumor achieved higher AUCs compared to models based on features from VOItumor. The best performing model was Linear discriminant analysis, which achieved an AUC of 0.86 in the tenfold cross-validation and 0.869 in the test set. The model was based on 15 features, including shape-based features and texture features.

Conclusions
We demonstrated the feasibility of combining artificial intelligence with CT-based peritumoral radiomics features can be used to accurately predict capsular characteristics of parotid PA. This may assist in clinical decision-making by preoperative identification of capsular characteristics of parotid PA.
Machine learning techniques in estimation of eggplant crop evapotranspiration
Authors: Cemek Bilal , Tasan Sevda , Canturk Aslıhan , Tasan Mehmet , Simsek Halis 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study predicted the daily evapotranspiration of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) under full and deficit irrigation in the Bafra district of Samsun province, Turkey, using machine learning methods. Artificial neural networks (ANNs), deep neural networks (DNN), M5 model tree (M5Tree), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbor (kNN), and adaptive boosting were investigated as machine learning approaches. Determination of evapotranspiration in this study consists of three methods: (i) The reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was obtained from the Food and Agriculture Organization-56 Penman–Monteith equation, (ii) the values of evapotranspiration (ETc) calculated by multiplying the reference evapotranspiration by the crop coefficient (Kc), and (iii) the values of evapotranspiration (ETa) measured using soil water balance between successive soil water measurements as the outputs. The model’s performance in ETo estimation was higher when minimum and maximum temperature (Tmax and Tmin), wind speed (u2), average relative humidity (RHavg), solar radiation (Rs), and days of the year were used as inputs. The best performance was obtained in the ANN model with a coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.984, a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.098 mm d−1, a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.153 mm d−1, and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.983. The model’s performance in ETc estimation was significantly improved with the addition of leaf area index (LAI) and crop height (hc) to the climate parameters (MAE and RMSE values decreased by 22.6 and 23.2%, respectively). The accuracy of ETc estimation for some plant traits (hc and LAI) and average temperature (Tavg) was sufficient. The best statistical performance in estimating ETa was obtained by the RF model (Tavg, u2, RHavg, and Rs) using climate parameters. DNN proved to be the least successful model compared to the other six models in predicting ETo, ETc, and ETa.
Is Transparency a ‘Free Lunch’? Evidence from the Italian Local Health Authorities
Authors: Ferrara Paolo Lorenzo , Guccio Calogero , Scaglioni Carla 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe healthcare is often considered one of the sectors most prone to corruption, and transparency policies have been proposed in several countries to fight bribery and corruption. Indeed, the transparency of public bodies potentially plays a relevant role in preventing misbehaviour and favouring accountability. This study contributes to a broader understanding of the role of transparency in the healthcare sector using Italy as a case study. For this purpose, we first built a composite indicator to assess the differences in transparency, performance, and integrity between Italian local health authorities (LHAs) retrieving the administrative data available on their websites. Then, we used both non-parametric method and multivariate regression to explore the relationship between the performance of different expenditure functions (total production costs, administrative costs, and medical and non-medical-related service costs) at the LHA level and the transparency index. Our results show a wide difference in transparency, performance, and integrity among LHAs that does not always follow the classic north–south divide in Italy. In addition, we find results consistent with the idea that transparency is generally associated with a better capability of LHAs in the containment of healthcare expenditure while imposing larger administrative burdens. Overall, reforms promoting transparency impose administrative costs, which policymakers should bear in mind to develop less burdensome transparency measures, as they might not be a ‘free lunch’.
Metal-Free 2D/2D van der Waals Heterojunction Based on Covalent Organic Frameworks for Highly Efficient Solar Energy Catalysis
Authors: Yan Ge , Sun Xiaodong , Zhang Yu , Li Hui , Huang Hongwei , Jia Baohua , Su Dawei , Ma Tianyi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as a kind of rising star materials in photocatalysis. However, their photocatalytic activities are restricted by the high photogenerated electron–hole pairs recombination rate. Herein, a novel metal-free 2D/2D van der Waals heterojunction, composed of a two-dimensional (2D) COF with ketoenamine linkage (TpPa-1-COF) and 2D defective hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), is successfully constructed through in situ solvothermal method. Benefitting from the presence of VDW heterojunction, larger contact area and intimate electronic coupling can be formed between the interface of TpPa-1-COF and defective h-BN, which make contributions to promoting charge carriers separation. The introduced defects can also endow the h-BN with porous structure, thus providing more reactive sites. Moreover, the TpPa-1-COF will undergo a structural transformation after being integrated with defective h-BN, which can enlarge the gap between the conduction band position of the h-BN and TpPa-1-COF, and suppress electron backflow, corroborated by experimental and density functional theory calculations results. Accordingly, the resulting porous h-BN/TpPa-1-COF metal-free VDW heterojunction displays outstanding solar energy catalytic activity for water splitting without co-catalysts, and the H2 evolution rate can reach up to 3.15 mmol g−1 h−1, which is about 67 times greater than that of pristine TpPa-1-COF, also surpassing that of state-of-the-art metal-free-based photocatalysts reported to date. In particular, it is the first work for constructing COFs-based heterojunctions with the help of h-BN, which may provide new avenue for designing highly efficient metal-free-based photocatalysts for H2 evolution.
Mental Health Concerns and Help-Seeking Behaviors Among Adolescents in High Socioeconomic Status Groups: A Scoping Review
Authors: Matar Jodie. L. , Laletas Stella , Lubman Dan. I. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThere is growing evidence that adolescents in high socioeconomic status groups may be at increased risk for some mental health concerns. This scoping review aims to synthesize empirical literature from 2010 to 2021 on mental health concerns and help-seeking behaviors among this adolescent group. Six comprehensive electronic databases yielded 1316 studies that were systematically reviewed in Covidence to identify relevant research. PRISMA-ScR analysis was used. Eighty-three studies met the eligibility requirements. NVivo was employed for coding, data extraction, and analysis. Key findings suggest substance use, in particular, alcohol, is the main mental health concern among adolescents in high socioeconomic status groups. Other main mental health concerns were externalizing and risk behaviors, bullying, depression, anxiety and stress. These concerns were shown to be influenced by parents, peers, school, and neighborhood contextual factors. Three emerging subgroups were identified as being at higher risk of mental health concerns among adolescents in high socioeconomic status groups. Specifically, adolescents residing in boarding schools, those with high subjective social status (e.g., popular) or low academic performance. Being pressured by parents to perform well academically was identified as a risk-factor for substance use, depression and anxiety. Albeit limited, areas explored for help-seeking behaviors centered on formal, semi-formal and informal support. Further research examining multi-level socioeconomic status factors and mental health concerns and help-seeking behaviors are urgently needed to inform appropriate interventions for this under-represented group.
Automation Strategies for the Photogrammetric Reconstruction of Pipelines
Authors: Hart Lukas , Knoblach Stefan , Möser Michael 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA responsible use of energy resources is currently more important than ever. For the effective insulation of industrial plants, a three-camera measurement system was, therefore, developed. With this system, the as-built geometry of pipelines can be captured, which is the basis for the production of a precisely fitting and effective insulation. In addition, the digital twin can also be used for Building Information Modelling, e.g. for planning purposes or maintenance work. In contrast to the classical approach of processing the images by calculating a point cloud, the reconstruction is performed directly on the basis of the object edges in the image. For the optimisation of the, initially purely geometrically calculated components, an adjustment approach is used. In addition to the image information, this approach takes into account standardised parameters (such as the diameter) as well as the positional relationships between the components and thus eliminates discontinuities at the transitions. Furthermore, different automation approaches were developed to facilitate the evaluation of the images and the manual object recognition in the images for the user. For straight pipes, the selection of the object edges in one image is sufficient in most cases to calculate the 3D cylinder. Based on the normalised diameter, the missing depth can be derived approximately. Elbows can be localised on the basis of coplanar neighbouring elements. The other elbow parameters can be determined by matching the back projection with the image edges. The same applies to flanges. For merging multiple viewpoints, a transformation approach is used which works with homologous components instead of control points and minimises the orthogonal distances between the component axes in the datasets.