bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Material symmetry recognition and property prediction accomplished by crystal capsule representation
Authors: Liang Chao , Rouzhahong Yilimiranmu , Ye Caiyuan , Li Chong , Wang Biao , Li Huashan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLearning the global crystal symmetry and interpreting the equivariant information is crucial for accurately predicting material properties, yet remains to be fully accomplished by existing algorithms based on convolution networks. To overcome this challenge, here we develop a machine learning (ML) model, named symmetry-enhanced equivariance network (SEN), to build material representation with joint structure-chemical patterns, to encode important clusters embedded in the crystal structure, and to learn pattern equivariance in different scales via capsule transformers. Quantitative analyses of the intermediate matrices demonstrate that the intrinsic crystal symmetries and interactions between clusters have been exactly perceived by the SEN model and critically affect the prediction performances by reducing effective feature space. The mean absolute errors (MAEs) of 0.181 eV and 0.0161 eV/atom are obtained for predicting bandgap and formation energy in the MatBench dataset. The general and interpretable SEN model reveals the potential to design ML models by implicitly encoding feature relationship based on physical mechanisms.
Glycerol 3-phosphate phosphatase/PGPH-2 counters metabolic stress and promotes healthy aging via a glycogen sensing-AMPK-HLH-30-autophagy axis in C. elegans
Authors: Possik Elite , Klein Laura-Lee , Sanjab Perla , Zhu Ruyuan , Côté Laurence , Bai Ying , Zhang Dongwei , Sun Howard , Al-Mass Anfal , Oppong Abel , Ahmad Rasheed , Parker Alex , Madiraju S.R. Murthy , Al-Mulla Fahd , Prentki Marc 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMetabolic stress caused by excess nutrients accelerates aging. We recently demonstrated that the newly discovered enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate phosphatase (G3PP; gene Pgp), which operates an evolutionarily conserved glycerol shunt that hydrolyzes glucose-derived glycerol-3-phosphate to glycerol, counters metabolic stress and promotes healthy aging in C. elegans. However, the mechanism whereby G3PP activation extends healthspan and lifespan, particularly under glucotoxicity, remained unknown. Here, we show that the overexpression of the C. elegans G3PP homolog, PGPH-2, decreases fat levels and mimics, in part, the beneficial effects of calorie restriction, particularly in glucotoxicity conditions, without reducing food intake. PGPH-2 overexpression depletes glycogen stores activating AMP-activate protein kinase, which leads to the HLH-30 nuclear translocation and activation of autophagy, promoting healthy aging. Transcriptomics reveal an HLH-30-dependent longevity and catabolic gene expression signature with PGPH-2 overexpression. Thus, G3PP overexpression activates three key longevity factors, AMPK, the TFEB homolog HLH-30, and autophagy, and may be an attractive target for age-related metabolic disorders linked to excess nutrients.
Electron counting detectors in scanning transmission electron microscopy via hardware signal processing
Authors: Peters Jonathan J. P. , Mullarkey Tiarnan , Hedley Emma , Müller Karin H. , Porter Alexandra , Mostaed Ali , Jones Lewys 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTransmission electron microscopy is a pivotal instrument in materials and biological sciences due to its ability to provide local structural and spectroscopic information on a wide range of materials. However, the electron detectors used in scanning transmission electron microscopy are often unable to provide quantified information, that is the number of electrons impacting the detector, without exhaustive calibration and processing. This results in arbitrary signal values with slow response times that cannot be used for quantification or comparison to simulations. Here we demonstrate and optimise a hardware signal processing approach to augment electron detectors to perform single electron counting.
Impact of inherent energy barrier on spin-orbit torques in magnetic-metal/semimetal heterojunctions
Authors: Gao Tenghua , Qaiumzadeh Alireza , Troncoso Roberto E. , Haku Satoshi , An Hongyu , Nakayama Hiroki , Tazaki Yuya , Zhang Song , Tu Rong , Asami Akio , Brataas Arne , Ando Kazuya 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSpintronic devices are based on heterojunctions of two materials with different magnetic and electronic properties. Although an energy barrier is naturally formed even at the interface of metallic heterojunctions, its impact on spin transport has been overlooked. Here, using diffusive spin Hall currents, we provide evidence that the inherent energy barrier governs the spin transport even in metallic systems. We find a sizable field-like torque, much larger than the damping-like counterpart, in Ni81Fe19/Bi0.1Sb0.9 bilayers. This is a distinct signature of barrier-mediated spin-orbit torques, which is consistent with our theory that predicts a strong modification of the spin mixing conductance induced by the energy barrier. Our results suggest that the spin mixing conductance and the corresponding spin-orbit torques are strongly altered by minimizing the work function difference in the heterostructure. These findings provide a new mechanism to control spin transport and spin torque phenomena by interfacial engineering of metallic heterostructures.
Weakened AMOC related to cooling and atmospheric circulation shifts in the last interglacial Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Levy Elan J. , Vonhof Hubert B. , Bar-Matthews Miryam , Martínez-García Alfredo , Ayalon Avner , Matthews Alan , Silverman Vered , Raveh-Rubin Shira , Zilberman Tami , Yasur Gal , Schmitt Mareike , Haug Gerald H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThere is limited understanding of temperature and atmospheric circulation changes that accompany an Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) slowdown beyond the North Atlantic realm. A Peqi’in Cave (Israel) speleothem dated to the last interglacial period (LIG), 129–116 thousand years ago (ka), together with a large modern rainfall monitoring dataset, serve as the base for investigating past AMOC slowdown effects on the Eastern Mediterranean. Here, we reconstruct LIG temperatures and rainfall source using organic proxies (TEX86) and fluid inclusion waterd-excess. The TEX86data show a stepwise cooling from 19.8 ± 0.2° (ca. 128–126 ka) to 16.5 ± 0.6 °C (ca. 124–123 ka), whiled-excessvalues decrease abruptly (ca. 126 ka). Thed-excessshift suggests that rainfall was derived from more zonal Mediterranean air flow during the weakened AMOC interval. Decreasing rainfalld-excesstrends over the last 25 years raise the question whether similar atmospheric circulation changes are also occurring today.
Microglial REV-ERBα regulates inflammation and lipid droplet formation to drive tauopathy in male mice
Authors: Lee Jiyeon , Dimitry Julie M. , Song Jong Hee , Son Minsoo , Sheehan Patrick W. , King Melvin W. , Travis Tabor G. , Goo Young Ah , Lazar Mitchell A. , Petrucelli Leonard , Musiek Erik S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease, the most common age-related neurodegenerative disease, is characterized by tau aggregation and associated with disrupted circadian rhythms and dampened clock gene expression. REV-ERBα is a core circadian clock protein which also serves as a nuclear receptor and transcriptional repressor involved in lipid metabolism and macrophage function. Global REV-ERBα deletion has been shown to promote microglial activation and mitigate amyloid plaque formation. However, the cell-autonomous effects of microglial REV-ERBα in healthy brain and in tauopathy are unexplored. Here, we show that microglial REV-ERBα deletion enhances inflammatory signaling, disrupts lipid metabolism, and causes lipid droplet (LD) accumulation specifically in male microglia. These events impair microglial tau phagocytosis, which can be partially rescued by blockage of LD formation. In vivo, microglial REV-ERBα deletion exacerbates tau aggregation and neuroinflammation in two mouse tauopathy models, specifically in male mice. These data demonstrate the importance of microglial lipid droplets in tau accumulation and reveal REV-ERBα as a therapeutically accessible, sex-dependent regulator of microglial inflammatory signaling, lipid metabolism, and tauopathy.
Propensity of selecting mutant parasites for the antimalarial drug cabamiquine
Authors: Stadler Eva , Maiga Mohamed , Friedrich Lukas , Thathy Vandana , Demarta-Gatsi Claudia , Dara Antoine , Sogore Fanta , Striepen Josefine , Oeuvray Claude , Djimdé Abdoulaye A. , Lee Marcus C. S. , Dembélé Laurent , Fidock David A. , Khoury David S. , Spangenberg Thomas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe report an analysis of the propensity of the antimalarial agent cabamiquine, a Plasmodium-specific eukaryotic elongation factor 2 inhibitor, to select for resistant Plasmodium falciparum parasites. Through in vitro studies of laboratory strains and clinical isolates, a humanized mouse model, and volunteer infection studies, we identified resistance-associated mutations at 11 amino acid positions. Of these, six (55%) were present in more than one infection model, indicating translatability across models. Mathematical modelling suggested that resistant mutants were likely pre-existent at the time of drug exposure across studies. Here, we estimated a wide range of frequencies of resistant mutants across the different infection models, much of which can be attributed to stochastic differences resulting from experimental design choices. Structural modelling implicates binding of cabamiquine to a shallow mRNA binding site adjacent to two of the most frequently identified resistance mutations.
MLL-AF4 cooperates with PAF1 and FACT to drive high-density enhancer interactions in leukemia
Authors: Crump Nicholas T. , Smith Alastair L. , Godfrey Laura , Dopico-Fernandez Ana M. , Denny Nicholas , Harman Joe R. , Hamley Joseph C. , Jackson Nicole E. , Chahrour Catherine , Riva Simone , Rice Siobhan , Kim Jaehoon , Basrur Venkatesha , Fermin Damian , Elenitoba-Johnson Kojo , Roeder Robert G. , Allis C. David , Roberts Irene , Roy Anindita , Geng Huimin , Davies James O. J. , Milne Thomas A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAberrant enhancer activation is a key mechanism driving oncogene expression in many cancers. While much is known about the regulation of larger chromosome domains in eukaryotes, the details of enhancer-promoter interactions remain poorly understood. Recent work suggests co-activators like BRD4 and Mediator have little impact on enhancer-promoter interactions. In leukemias controlled by the MLL-AF4 fusion protein, we use the ultra-high resolution technique Micro-Capture-C (MCC) to show that MLL-AF4 binding promotes broad, high-density regions of enhancer-promoter interactions at a subset of key targets. These enhancers are enriched for transcription elongation factors like PAF1C and FACT, and the loss of these factors abolishes enhancer-promoter contact. This work not only provides an additional model for how MLL-AF4 is able to drive high levels of transcription at key genes in leukemia but also suggests a more general model linking enhancer-promoter crosstalk and transcription elongation.
Persistent dynamic magnetic state in artificial honeycomb spin ice
Authors: Guo J. , Ghosh P. , Hill D. , Chen Y. , Stingaciu L. , Zolnierczuk P. , Ullrich C. A. , Singh D. K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTopological magnetic charges, arising due to the non-vanishing magnetic flux on spin ice vertices, serve as the origin of magnetic monopoles that traverse the underlying lattice effortlessly. Unlike spin ice materials of atomic origin, the dynamic state in artificial honeycomb spin ice is conventionally described in terms of finite size domain wall kinetics that require magnetic field or current application. Contrary to this common understanding, here we show that a thermally tunable artificial permalloy honeycomb lattice exhibits a perpetual dynamic state due to self-propelled magnetic charge defect relaxation in the absence of any external tuning agent. Quantitative investigation of magnetic charge defect dynamics using neutron spin echo spectroscopy reveals sub-ns relaxation times that are comparable to the relaxation of monopoles in bulk spin ices. Most importantly, the kinetic process remains unabated at low temperature where thermal fluctuation is negligible. This suggests that dynamic phenomena in honeycomb spin ice are mediated by quasi-particle type entities, also confirmed by dynamic Monte-Carlo simulations that replicate the kinetic behavior. Our research unveils a macroscopic magnetic particle that shares many known traits of quantum particles, namely magnetic monopole and magnon.
Occipital transcranial direct current stimulation in episodic migraine patients: effect on cerebral perfusion
Authors: Pohl Heiko , Sandor Peter S. , Moisa Marius , Ruff Christian C. , Schoenen Jean , Luechinger Roger , O’Gorman Ruth , Riederer Franz , Gantenbein Andreas R. , Michels Lars 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCerebral blood flow differs between migraine patients and healthy controls during attack and the interictal period. This study compares the brain perfusion of episodic migraine patients and healthy controls and investigates the influence of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the occipital cortex. We included healthy adult controls and episodic migraineurs. After a 28-day baseline period and the baseline visit, migraine patients received daily active or sham anodal tDCS over the occipital lobe for 28 days. All participants underwent a MRI scan at baseline; migraineurs were also scanned shortly after the stimulation period and about five months later. At baseline, brain perfusion of migraine patients and controls differed in several areas; among the stimulated areas, perfusion was increased in the cuneus of healthy controls. At the first visit, the active tDCS group had an increased blood flow in regions processing visual stimuli and a decreased perfusion in other areas. Perfusion did not differ at the second follow-up visit. The lower perfusion level in migraineurs in the cuneus indicates a lower preactivation level. Anodal tDCS over the occipital cortex increases perfusion of several areas shortly after the stimulation period, but not 5 months later. An increase in the cortical preactivation level could mediate the transient reduction of the migraine frequency.Trial registration: NCT03237754 (registered at clincicaltrials.gov; full date of first trial registration: 03/08/2017).
Upcycling polyethylene terephthalate wastes for enhancing the performance of polyester from rice straw polyol in HDPE-composites
Authors: Shafik Emad S. , Lotfy Vivian F. , Basta Altaf H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUpscaling the utilization of polymer wastes together with the valorization of undesirable waste rice straw (RS) will minimize the environmental impact of waste disposal by traditional tools. This present work assesses the utilization of polyethylene terephthalate wastes in enhancing the production of polyester-(high density polyethylene) HDPE from Rice straw polyol composites. In this respect, the polyester from rice straw polyol in hybrid with glycolysis polyethylene terephthalate wastes (Gly-WPET) was assessed in comparison with that resulted from RS-polyol, using FTIR, non-isothermal analysis, and mechanical tests. The data showed the positive role of Gly-WPET in hybrid with RS-polyol in production polyester with high thermal stability and mechanical properties. It provided an increase in activation energy of degradation, elongation, Young's Modulus, and modulus of toughness from 184.5 to 1201 kJ/mole, from 4.7 to 9.8%, from 47.5 to 66.5 MPa, and from ~ 4.0 to 23 J/m3, respectively. This behavior was reflected in the properties of HDPE-polyester polyol (PEPO) composites, especially in improving elongation (from 55.4 to 72%). These promising data persuade us to recommend the influential role of Gly-WPET in using PEPO from liquefied RS as a plasticizer.
Immunogenicity of a Plasmodium vivax vaccine based on the duffy binding protein formulated using adjuvants compatible for use in humans
Authors: Martinez Francisco J. , Guillotte-Blisnick Micheline , Huon Christèle , England Patrick , Popovici Jean , Laude Hélène , Arowas Laurence , Ungeheuer Marie-Noëlle , Reimer Jenny M. , Carter Darrick , Reed Steve , Mukherjee Paushali , Chauhan Virander S. , Chitnis Chetan E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe invasion of reticulocytes by Plasmodium vivax merozoites is dependent on the interaction of the Plasmodium vivax Duffy Binding Protein (PvDBP) with the Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC). The N-terminal cysteine-rich region II of PvDBP (PvDBPII), which binds DARC, is a leading P. vivax malaria vaccine candidate. Here, we have evaluated the immunogenicity of recombinant PvDBPII formulated with the adjuvants Matrix-M and GLA-SE in mice. Analysis of the antibody responses revealed comparable ELISA recognition titres as well as similar recognition of native PvDBP in P. vivax schizonts by immunofluorescence assay. Moreover, antibodies elicited by the two adjuvant formulations had similar functional properties such as avidity, isotype profile and inhibition of PvDBPII-DARC binding. Furthermore, the anti-PvDBPII antibodies were able to block the interaction of DARC with the homologous PvDBPII SalI allele as well as the heterologous PvDBPII PvW1 allele from a Thai clinical isolate that is used for controlled human malaria infections (CHMI). The cross-reactivity of these antibodies with PvW1 suggest that immunization with the PvDBPII SalI strain should neutralize reticulocyte invasion by the challenge P. vivax strain PvW1.
Refinement of an ovine-based immunoglobulin therapy against SARS-CoV-2, with comparison of whole IgG versus F(ab′)2 fragments
Authors: Findlay-Wilson Stephen , Easterbrook Linda , Smith Sandra , Pope Neville , Aldridge Matthew , Humphries Gareth , Schuhmann Holger , Ngabo Didier , Rayner Emma , Otter Ashley , Coleman Thomas , Hicks Bethany , Halkerston Rachel , Apostolakis Kostis , Taylor Stephen , Fotheringham Susan , Horton Amanda , CanoCejas Irene , Wand Matthew , Tree Julia A. , Sutton Mark , Graham Victoria , Hewson Roger , Dowall Stuart 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe development of new therapies against SARS-CoV-2 is required to extend the toolkit of intervention strategies to combat the global pandemic. In this study, hyperimmune plasma from sheep immunised with whole spike SARS-CoV-2 recombinant protein has been used to generate candidate products. In addition to purified IgG, we have refined candidate therapies by removing non-specific IgG via affinity binding along with fragmentation to eliminate the Fc region to create F(ab′)2 fragments. These preparations were evaluated for in vitro activity and demonstrated to be strongly neutralising against a range of SARS-CoV-2 strains, including Omicron B2.2. In addition, their protection against disease manifestations and viral loads were assessed using a hamster SARS-CoV-2 infection model. Results demonstrated protective effects of both IgG and F(ab′)2, with the latter requiring sequential dosing to maintain in vivo activity due to rapid clearance from the circulation.
Preparation of capsaicin-loaded ultrafine fiber film and its application in the treatment of oral ulcers in rats
Authors: Wang Xue , Xiong Yu , Zheng Xinxin , Zeng Liang , Chen Jinglin , Chen Lizhen , Zhong Liping , Liu Zhigang , Xu Jia , Jin Youhong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA drug-loaded diaphragm is an easy-to-use and effective drug delivery system that is often used to treat mouth ulcers. In this study, an ultrafine fiber film loaded with capsaicin was successfully prepared using the electrospinning technology. poly-l-lactic acid and gelatin were selected as the matrix materials to form the composite fiber, and trifluoroethanol was used as a co-solvent for poly-l-lactic acid, gelatin and capsaicin to prepare the spinning solution, which was simple to fabricate. The prepared fiber films were characterized based on their microscopic morphology and tested to derive their mechanical properties. Thereafter, the capsaicin release behavior of the film was investigated. In vitro experiments revealed certain anti-inflammatory and antibacterial abilities while animal experiments revealed that the capsaicin-loaded ultrafine fiber film could promote the healing of oral ulcers in rats. Healing of the tongue tissue in rats administered 10% capsaicin-loaded fiber film was found to be better than that in rats administered the commercial dexamethasone patch. Overall, this development strategy may prove to be promising for the development of oral ulcer patch formulations.
Routine hypercapnic challenge after cervical spinal hemisection affects the size of phrenic motoneurons
Authors: Kawamura Kenta , Kobayashi Masaaki , Tomita Kazuhide 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAfter an individual experiences a cervical cord injury, the cell body's adaptation to the smaller size of phrenic motoneurons occurs within several weeks. It is not known whether a routine hypercapnic load can alter this adaptation of phrenic motoneurons. We investigated this question by using rats with high cervical cord hemisection. The rats were divided into four groups: control, hypercapnia, sham, and sham hypercapnia. Within 72 h post-hemisection, the hypercapnia groups began a hypercapnic challenge (20 min/day, 4 times/week for 3 weeks) with 7% CO2 under awake conditions. After the 3-week challenge, the phrenic motoneurons in all of the rats were retrogradely labeled with horseradish peroxidase, and the motoneuron sizes in each group were compared. The average diameter, cross-sectional area, and somal surface area of stained phrenic motoneurons as analyzed by software were significantly smaller in only the control group compared to the other groups. The histogram distribution was unimodal, with larger between-group size differences for motoneurons in the horizontal plane than in the transverse plane. Our findings indicate that a routine hypercapnic challenge may increase the input to phrenic motoneurons and alter the propensity for motoneuron adaptations.
A phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) to identify the health impacts of 4-cresol sulfate in the Nagahama Study
Authors: Ou Huiting , Kawaguchi Shuji , Sonomura Kazuhiro , Kawaguchi Takahisa , Kitada Seri , Yoshiji Satoshi , Brial François , Gauguier Dominique , Xia Jianguo , Matsuda Fumihiko 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGut-microbiota derived metabolites are important regulators of host biology and metabolism. To understand the impacts of the microbial metabolite 4-cresol sulfate (4-CS) on four chronic diseases [type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome (MetS), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and chronic kidney disease (CKD)], we conducted association analyses of plasma 4-CS quantified by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC–MS) in 3641 participants of the Nagahama study. Our results validated the elevation of 4-CS in CKD and identified a reducing trend in MetS. To delineate the holistic effects of 4-CS, we performed a phenome-wide association analysis (PheWAS) with 937 intermediate biological and behavioral traits. We detected associations between 4-CS and 39 phenotypes related to blood pressure regulation, hepatic and renal functions, hematology, sleep quality, intraocular pressure, ion regulation, ketone and fatty acid metabolisms, disease history and dietary habits. Among them, 19 PheWAS significant traits, including fatty acids and 14 blood pressure indices, were correlated with MetS, suggesting that 4-CS is a potential biomarker for MetS. Consistent associations of this gut microbial-derived metabolite on multiple endophenotypes underlying distinct etiopathogenesis support its role in the overall host health, with prospects of probiotic-based therapeutic solutions in chronic diseases.