bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Our parents kiss in front of us”: Reasons for early sexual debut among in-school youth in the Manzini Region in Eswatini
Authors: Nxumalo Nomathemba C. , Shongwe Mduduzi Colani , Gwebu Nontobeko , Ngcamphalala Cebisile , Nsibandze Bonisile S. , Nkambule Rejoice , Nuwagaba-Biribonwoha Harriet 
Published: March 2023

Background
Early sexual debut (i.e., sex before the age of 15 years), especially if it is unprotected, may increase the risk of acquiring HIV, sexually transmitted infections, and unwanted pregnancies. We investigated the reasons for early sexual debut among in-school youth in Eswatini, a setting with high HIV incidence among youth.

Methods
This was a qualitative, exploratory-descriptive study whereby data were collected from 81 sexually active in-school youth through seven focus group discussions (FGDs) in four purposively selected public high schools (two urban and two rural) in the Manzini region, Eswatini. In each school, except one, two FGDs (one for boys and one for girls) were conducted. Qualitative data were coded and analyzed thematically in Dedoose version 8.2.14.

Results
Nearly 40% of the participants reported having initiated sexual activity before 18 years. Six major themes emerged from the data: i) Intrapersonal factors (feeling mature, religiosity, nutritional or dietary patterns); ii) Parenting and household factors (living arrangement, lack of sexuality education, working parents, negative role-modeling from adults); iii) Peer and partner pressure (pressure from friends, threats from sexual partners, intergenerational sexual partnerships and transactional sex, testing sexual prowess, desire to fit in); iv) Contextual factors (neighborhood, location); v) Mass media (cell phone ownership, social media, and television shows or movies); and vi) Cultural factors (attending traditional ceremonies, loss of cultural norms, values, and traditions, and dress code).

Conclusion and recommendations
The poor monitoring and negative role-modeling by elders highlight the importance of involving parents or guardians as key stakeholders when designing interventions targeting risky sexual behavior among youth. The multifaceted nature of the cited reasons for early sexual debut calls for interventions aimed at curbing risky sexual behavior to be culturally sensitive and responsive to the themes identified in this study.
Mitotic CDK1 and 4E-BP1 II: A single phosphomimetic mutation in 4E-BP1 induces glucose intolerance in mice
Authors: Cao Simon , Jurczak Michael J. , Shuda Yoko , Sun Rui , Shuda Masahiro , Chang Yuan , Moore Patrick S. 
Published: March 2023

Objective
Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1)/cyclin B1 phosphorylates many of the same substrates as mTORC1 (a key regulator of glucose metabolism), including the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1). Only mitotic CDK1 phosphorylates 4E-BP1 at residue S82 in mice (S83 in humans), in addition to the common 4E-BP1 phospho-acceptor sites phosphorylated by both CDK1 and mTORC1. We examined glucose metabolism in mice having a single aspartate phosphomimetic amino acid knock in substitution at the 4E-BP1 serine 82 (4E-BP1S82D) mimicking constitutive CDK1 phosphorylation.

Methods
Knock-in homozygous 4E-BP1S82D and 4E-BP1S82A C57Bl/6N mice were assessed for glucose tolerance testing (GTT) and metabolic cage analysis on regular and on high-fat chow diets. Gastrocnemius tissues from 4E-BP1S82D and WT mice were subject to Reverse Phase Protein Array analysis. Since the bone marrow is one of the few tissues typically having cycling cells that transit mitosis, reciprocal bone-marrow transplants were performed between male 4E-BP1S82D and WT mice, followed by metabolic assessment, to determine the role of actively cycling cells on glucose homeostasis.

Results
Homozygous knock-in 4E-BP1S82D mice showed glucose intolerance that was markedly accentuated with a diabetogenic high-fat diet (p = 0.004). In contrast, homozygous mice with the unphosphorylatable alanine substitution (4E-BP1S82A) had normal glucose tolerance. Protein profiling of lean muscle tissues, largely arrested in G0, did not show protein expression or signaling changes that could account for these results. Reciprocal bone-marrow transplantation between 4E-BP1S82D and wild-type littermates revealed a trend for wild-type mice with 4E-BP1S82D marrow engraftment on high-fat diets to become hyperglycemic after glucose challenge.

Conclusions
4E-BP1S82D is a single amino acid substitution that induces glucose intolerance in mice. These findings indicate that glucose metabolism may be regulated by CDK1 4E-BP1 phosphorylation independent from mTOR and point towards an unexpected role for cycling cells that transit mitosis in diabetic glucose control.
Pediatric residents’ burnout in Indonesia: a national survey during the pandemic
Authors: Moelyo Annang Giri , Findyartini Ardi , Tridjaja Bambang , Hendarto Aryono 
Published: March 2023

Background The uncertain and somewhat chaotic clinical learning environment during the COVID-19 pandemic may potentially trigger burnout in pediatric residents.
Objective To investigate the prevalence of burnout in pediatric residents in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify potential risk factors associated with burnout.
Methods This analytic observational study was conducted between April and June 2020. A questionnaire-based survey using an Indonesian translation of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey was conducted online across 15 pediatric training institutions treating COVID-19 patients in Indonesia. Results were interpreted in accordance with the inventory guidelines. The chi-square test was used to analyze for possible associations between each subscale and gender, marital status, training stage, as well as institution of origin. One-way ANOVA of each subscale was performed on pediatric training institutions located in different regions.
Results Of 983 respondents (82% average response rate), the prevalences of high emotional exhaustion and high depersonalization were 28.0% and 15.8%, respectively, while more than half of respondents (50.2%) had a low sense of personal accomplishment. Most respondents felt more exhausted than depersonalized. The location of pediatric training institution (Java or outside Java) was the only significant factor associated with burnout (P=0.003).
Conclusion In the early stages of the pandemic, more than half of pediatric residents in Indonesia had a low sense of personal accomplishment. The only significant factor associated with burnout among was the location of training institution (Java or outside Java), suggesting a potential role of differences in hospital situation and clinical learning environment during the pandemic between Java and outside Java.
Scoring model to predict early-onset bacterial sepsis at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang
Authors: Fitriana Lilik , Ramadanti Afifa , Indrayady Indrayady 
Published: March 2023

Background Early-onset bacterial neonatal sepsis (bacterial EONS) is one of the most common causes of death and illness in newborns. Assessment of risk factors is important to identify infants who are more susceptible to bacterial EONS. A scoring model based on maternal and infant risk factors would be useful for predicting bacterial EONS.
Objective To develop a scoring model to predict bacterial EONS by examining maternal and neonatal risk factors.
Methods This diagnostic test study was conducted at Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang between January-September 2021 using various maternal and infant risk factors. Subjects were newborns suspected of having early-onset bacterial sepsis with birth weight >1000 grams. The potential risk factors evaluated consisted of premature rupture of membranes >18 hours, greenish-thick-and-foul-smelling amniotic fluid, maternal body temperature >38°C, maternal leukocytosis >15.000/?L, gestational of <37 weeks, birth weight of <2500 grams, and APGAR score of <7 at 1 minute. One hundred sixty-two subjects were selected consecutively. Analyses included odds ratio, logistic regression test, and ROC curve to assess sensitivity and specificity of each risk factor.
Results Premature rupture of membranes >18 hours, greenish-thick-and-foul-smelling amniotic fluid, male sex, and gestation of <37 weeks were risk factors for bacterial EONS. In the multivariate analysis, premature rupture of membranes >18 hours had an OR of 5.94 (95%CI 1.69 to 20.86, P=0.005), greenish-thick-and-foul-smelling amniotic fluid had an OR of 3.74(95%CI 1.16 to 12.02, P=0,027), male sex had an OR of 4.28 (95%CI 1.14 to 16.02, P=0.031), and gestation of <37 weeks had an OR of 3.1 (95%CI 0.82 to 11.72, P=0.094). In the scoring model, each of these four risk factors were assigned a score of 2 (for maternal risk factors) and 1 (for neonatal risk factors). Using a cut-off score of 2.5 to predict bacterial EONS, the scoring system had a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 47%.
Conclusion Our scoring model of maternal and infant risk factors can be used to screen for possible bacterial EONS at an earlier stage of illness, although with limited specificity.
Cluster Analysis of the Expenditures for Environmental and Technological Innovations in Sustainable Development Policy Formation
Authors: TSENINA Ekaterina Vladimirovna , DANKO Tamara Petrovna , KISELEV Vladimir Mikhailovich , CHAYKOVSKAYA Lyubov Alexandrovna , EPSTEIN Nikita Dmitrievich , RAUSKIENE Ona , SEKERIN Vladimir Dmitriyevich 
Published: March 2023

The major task of the present work is to identify the main problems of cluster analysis on environmental and technological innovations in the formation of regional sustainable development policy, as well as modeling the expenditures for technological and environmental innovations. The number of innovative enterprises increases rapidly, and they are developing at a rapid pace. Measures to reduce the impact on the environment, such as improving technological equipment, recycling waste, implementing technologies aimed at preserving natural resources, creating new types of products with long service life and the possibility of recycling, employing advanced purification technologies, etc. will require in the vast majority of cases not only financial expenditures but the implementation of innovative solutions.
The authors are intended to study out and optimize this work and improve the research framework.
The Role of International Legislation in Protecting the Environment
Authors: ALHENDI Noor 
Published: March 2023

This study deal with the role of international legislation in protecting the environment, and it is a legal issue worthy of international attention. The study revealed that the environment is the ocean that includes living and non-living organisms and what it contains of materials and what surrounds it of air, water and soil and the interactions of any of them and what the human constructs in it. The environment is in the natural, artificial, land, water, and air environment, so it must be protected from pollution with legal texts. And Pollution is the introduction of substances or energy by humans, either directly or indirectly, into the environment, which results in harmful effects that threaten human health, harm living resources or ecosystems, undermine the enjoyment of the environment.
The health importance of the environment lies in the impact of the environment on the human being to leave his clear fingerprints on his health. The study proposes the text on provision of criminal penalties to be applied to anyone who harms and pollutes the environment, and the results of the study were that international legislation provided legal protection for the environment, in the law of an international environment, international conventions, and international organizations, and the study relied on the descriptive method to clarify this matter.
Basic Income at Municipal Level: Insights from the Barcelona B-MINCOME Pilot
Authors: Riutort Sebastià , Laín Bru , Julià Albert 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Between 2017 and 2019, Barcelona was one of the first European cities to implement a basic income experiment, the B-MINCOME pilot, aimed at reducing poverty and social exclusion in a low-income area of the city. A new cash grant was designed along with a package of active policies. Four modalities of participation were then established depending on two criteria: whether attending these policies was mandatory or not, and whether participants’ additional income altered the amount of the grant or was instead net added on top. The context which initially moulded the pilot is firstly explained. Then, the cash schema and the active policies are described followed by an explanation of its experimental design. The main results at individual, community and institutional levels formerly released in the official reports are now integrated and jointly addressed. Finally, conclusions discuss some issues raised by the pilot’s results in light of the findings gathered in other similar basic income experiments.
Rousseau’s Herbarium, or The Art of Living Together
Authors: Ytre Arne Synne 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In his botanical writings, Jean-Jacques Rousseau repeatedly returns to the idea that botanising exercises our faculty of attentive observation and teaches us to “see well.” Through botanical practice, we learn to transfer our attention from the self to what lies outside it and, specifically, to perceive other individual realities as they really are. To Rousseau, seeing well is not a matter of mere accuracy, but of disinterestedness and attention to the particularities of others, and the perceptual competences that he thought we might attain from botany have parallels in moral perception. Teasing out some of these parallels, this article’s main objective is to establish that the botanical gaze that Rousseau cultivates in his final years is moral in character and that it promotes wisdom and virtues indispensable to the moral education of man.
Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with KRAS-mutant advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Gu Xiaodong , Si Jinfei , Guan Yelan , Xu Yibing , Shao Lan , Zhang Yiping , Xu Chunwei , Pan Weiwei , Lu Yuanzhi , Song Zhengbo , Wang Wenxian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) on KRAS-mutant advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains controversial. This retrospective study compared the effects of ICIs treatment and chemotherapy on the prognosis of patients with KRAS-mutant advanced NSCLC and different mutant subtypes in the real world. The study included 95 patients with KRAS-mutant advanced NSCLC. Patients treated with first-line ICIs plus platinum-containing chemotherapy had better progression-free survival (PFS) (7.4 vs 4.5 months, P = 0.035) and overall survival (OS) (24.1 vs 13.2 months, P = 0.007) than those receiving platinum-containing chemotherapy alone, and second-line ICI monotherapy was associated with better PFS (4.8 vs 3.0 months, P = 0.043) and OS (18.0 vs 13.8 months, P = 0.013) than chemotherapy monotherapy. There was no significant difference in PFS (5.267 vs 6.734 months, P = 0.969) and OS (19.933 vs 20.933 months, P = 0.808) between patients with KRAS-mutant and KRAS-wild-type NSCLC treated with ICIs or between KRAS G12C and KRAS non-G12C patients (PFS: 8.1 vs 4.8 months, P = 0.307; OS: 21.3 vs 21.8 months, P = 0.434). In summary, patients with advanced NSCLC with KRAS mutations can benefit from ICIs, but no difference between KRAS mutant subtypes was observed.
Taste-Odor Association Learning Alters the Dynamics of Intraoral Odor Responses in the Posterior Piriform Cortex of Awake Rats
Authors: Maier Joost X. , Idris Ammar , Christensen Brooke A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHow an odor is perceived is to a large extent dependent on the context in which that odor is (or has been) experienced. For example, experiencing an odor in mixture with taste during consumption can instill taste qualities in the percept of that odor (e.g., vanilla, an odor, has a gustatory quality: sweet). How associative features of odors are encoded in the brain remains unknown, but previous work suggests an important role for ongoing interactions between piriform cortex and extraolfactory systems. Here, we tested the hypothesis that piriform cortex dynamically encodes taste associations of odors. Rats were trained to associate one of two odors with saccharin; the other odor remained neutral. Before and after training, we tested preferences for the saccharin-associated odor versus the neutral odor, and recorded spiking responses from ensembles of neurons in posterior piriform cortex (pPC) to intraoral delivery of small drops of the same odor solutions. The results show that animals successfully learned taste-odor associations. At the neural level, single pPC neuron responses to the saccharin-paired odor were selectively altered following conditioning. Altered response patterns appeared after 1 s following stimulus delivery, and successfully discriminated between the two odors. However, firing rate patterns in the late epoch appeared different from firing rates early in the early epoch (<1 s following stimulus delivery). That is, in different response epoch, neurons used different codes to represent the difference between the two odors. The same dynamic coding scheme was observed at the ensemble level.
Single-Trial Dynamics of Competing Reach Plans in the Human Motor Periphery
Authors: Selen Luc P. J. , Corneil Brian D. , Medendorp W. Pieter 
Published: March 2023

Contemporary motor control theories propose competition between multiple motor plans before the winning command is executed. While most competitions are completed before movement onset, movements are often initiated before the competition has been resolved. An example of this is saccadic averaging, wherein the eyes land at an intermediate location between two visual targets. Behavioral and neurophysiological signatures of competing motor commands have also been reported for reaching movements, but debate remains about whether such signatures attest to an unresolved competition, arise from averaging across many trials, or reflect a strategy to optimize behavior given task constraints. Here, we recorded EMG activity from an upper limb muscle (m. pectoralis) while 12 (8 female) participants performed an immediate response reach task, freely choosing between one of two identical and suddenly presented visual targets. On each trial, muscle recruitment showed two distinct phases of directionally tuned activity. In the first wave, time-locked ∼100 ms of target presentation, muscle activity was clearly influenced by the nonchosen target, reflecting a competition between reach commands that was biased in favor of the ultimately chosen target. This resulted in an initial movement intermediate between the two targets. In contrast, the second wave, time-locked to voluntary reach onset, was not biased toward the nonchosen target, showing that the competition between targets was resolved. Instead, this wave of activity compensated for the averaging induced by the first wave. Thus, single-trial analysis reveals an evolution in how the nonchosen target differentially influences the first and second wave of muscle activity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTContemporary theories of motor control suggest that multiple motor plans compete for selection before the winning command is executed. Evidence for this is found in intermediate reach movements toward two potential target locations, but recent findings have challenged this notion by arguing that intermediate reaching movements reflect an optimal response strategy. By examining upper limb muscle recruitment during a free-choice reach task, we show early recruitment of a suboptimal averaged motor command to the two targets that subsequently transitions to a single motor command that compensates for the initially averaged motor command. Recording limb muscle activity permits single-trial resolution of the dynamic influence of the nonchosen target through time.
Opioid Receptors Modulate Firing and Synaptic Transmission in the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Thalamus
Authors: Hou Guoqiang , Jiang Shaolei , Chen Gaowei , Deng Xiaofei , Li Fengling , Xu Hua , Chen Bo , Zhu Yingjie 
Published: March 2023

The paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) is involved in drug addiction–related behaviors, and morphine is a widely used opioid for the relief of severe pain. Morphine acts via opioid receptors, but the function of opioid receptors in the PVT has not been fully elucidated. Here, we usedin vitroelectrophysiology to study neuronal activity and synaptic transmission in the PVT of male and female mice. Activation of opioid receptors suppresses the firing and inhibitory synaptic transmission of PVT neurons in brain slices. On the other hand, the involvement of opioid modulation is reduced after chronic morphine exposure, probably because of desensitization and internalization of opioid receptors in the PVT. Overall, the opioid system is essential for the modulation of PVT activities.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOpioid receptors modulate the activities and synaptic transmission in the PVT by suppressing the firing rate and inhibitory synaptic inputs. These modulations were largely diminished after chronic morphine exposure.
SIRT3‐dependent delactylation of cyclin E2 prevents hepatocellular carcinoma growth
Authors: Jin Jing , Bai Lin , Wang Dongyao , Ding Wei , Cao Zhuoxian , Yan Peidong , Li Yunjia , Xi Lulu , Wang Yuxin , Zheng Xiaohu , Wei Haiming , Ding Chen , Wang Yi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLysine lactylation (Kla) is a recently discovered histone mark derived from metabolic lactate. The NAD+‐dependent deacetylase SIRT3, which can also catalyze removal of the lactyl moiety from lysine, is expressed at low levels in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and has been suggested to be an HCC tumor suppressor. Here we report that SIRT3 can delactylate non‐histone proteins and suppress HCC development. Using SILAC‐based quantitative proteomics, we identify cyclin E2 (CCNE2) as one of the lactylated substrates of SIRT3 in HCC cells. Furthermore, our crystallographic study elucidates the mechanism of CCNE2 K348la delactylation by SIRT3. Our results further suggest that lactylated CCNE2 promotes HCC cell growth, while SIRT3 activation by Honokiol induces HCC cell apoptosis and prevents HCC outgrowth in vivo by regulating Kla levels of CCNE2. Together, our results establish a physiological function of SIRT3 as a delactylase that is important for suppressing HCC, and our structural data could be useful for the future design of activators.
Macrophage DCLK1 promotes atherosclerosis via binding to IKKβ and inducing inflammatory responses
Authors: Huang Zhuqi , Shen Sirui , Han Xue , Li Weixin , Luo Wu , Lin Liming , Xu Mingjiang , Wang Yi , Huang Weijian , Wu Gaojun , Liang Guang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAtherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Doublecortin‐like kinase 1 (DCLK1), a microtubule‐associated protein kinase, is involved in neurogenesis and human cancers. However, the role of DCLK1 in atherosclerosis remains undefined. In this study, we identified upregulated DCLK1 in macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions of ApoE−/− mice fed an HFD and determined that macrophage‐specific DCLK1 deletion attenuates atherosclerosis by reducing inflammation in mice. Mechanistically, RNA sequencing analysis indicated that DCLK1 mediates oxLDL‐induced inflammation via NF‐κB signaling pathway in primary macrophages. Coimmunoprecipitation followed by LC–MS/MS analysis identified IKKβ as a binding protein of DCLK1. We confirmed that DCLK1 directly interacts with IKKβ and phosphorylates IKKβ at S177/181, thereby facilitating subsequent NF‐κB activation and inflammatory gene expression in macrophages. Finally, a pharmacological inhibitor of DCLK1 prevents atherosclerotic progression and inflammation both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings demonstrated that macrophage DCLK1 promotes inflammatory atherosclerosis by binding to IKKβ and activating IKKβ/NF‐κB. This study reports DCLK1 as a new IKKβ regulator in inflammation and a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory atherosclerosis.