bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current observations on shifts in malaria vector biting behavior and changing vulnerability to malaria transmission in contrasting ecosystems in Western Kenya
Authors: Nzioki Irene , Machani Maxwell G. , Onyango Shirley A. , Kabui Kevin K. , Githeko Andrew K. , Ochomo Eric , Yan Guiyun , Afrane Yaw A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: Designing, implementing, and upscaling effective malaria vector control strategies necessitates understanding of when and where transmission occurs. This study assessed the biting patterns of potentially infectious malaria vectors at various hours, locations, and human behavior in different ecological settings in western Kenya.
Methods: Hourly indoor and outdoor catches of human-biting mosquitoes were sampled from 1900 to 0700 hours for four consecutive nights in four houses per village using human landing collection method. The nocturnal biting activities of each Anopheles species were expressed as the mean number of mosquitoes landing per person per hour. The human behavior study was conducted via observations and questionnaire surveys. Species within Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus complexes were differentiated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the presence of Plasmodium falciparumcircumsporozoite proteins (CSP) determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Results: Altogether, a total of 2,037 adult female Anophelines were collected comprising of An. funestus s.l. (76.7%), An.gambiae s.l.(22.8%) and Anopheles coustani (0.5%). Overall, Anopheles funestus was the predominant species collected in Ahero (96.7%) while An. gambiae s.l was dominant in Kisian (86.6%) and Kimaeti (100%) collections. PCR results revealed that An. arabiensis constituted 80.5% and 79% of the An.gambiae s.l samples analysed from Ahero and Kisian respectively. An. gambiae s.s (hereafter An.gambiae)(98.1%) was the dominant species collected in Kimaeti. All the An. funestus s.l samples analysed belonged to An. funestus s.s ( hereafter An. funestus). Indoor biting densities of Anopheles gambiae and An. funestus exceeded the outdoor biting densities in all sites. The peak biting occurred early morning between 0430-0630 hours in the lowlands for An. funestus both indoors and outdoors. In the highlands (Kimaeti), the peak biting of An.gambiae occurred between 0100-0200 hours indoors. Over 50% of the study population stayed outdoors from 1800 to 2200 hours and woke up at 0500 hours coinciding with the times highest numbers of vectors were collected. The sporozoite rate was higher in vectors collected outdoors, with An. funestus being the main malaria vector in the lowlands and An. gambiaein the highland.
Conclusion: The study shows heterogeneity of Anophelines distribution, high outdoor malaria transmission, and peak biting activity by An. funestus (early morning ) when humans are not protected by bed nets in the lowland sites. Additional vector control efforts targeting the behaviors of these vectors i.e using non-pyrethroids-based indoor residual spraying and spatial repellents outdoors are needed.
Validity of neural networks in determining lower limb kinematics in stationary cycling
Authors: Bini Rodrigo Rico , Nascimento Vitor Bertoli , Nibali Aiden 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Increasing access to marker-less technology has enabled practitioners to obtain kinematic data more quickly. However, the validation of many of these methods is lacking. Therefore, the validity of pre-trained neural networks was explored in this study compared to reflective marker tracking from sagittal plane cycling motion.
Methods: Twenty-six cyclists were assessed during stationary cycling at self-selected cadence and moderate intensity exercise. Standard video from their sagittal plane was obtained to extract joint kinematics. Hip, knee, and ankle angles were calculated from marker digitisation and from two deep learning-based approaches (TransPose and MediaPipe).
Results: Typical errors ranged between 1-10°for TransPose and 3-9°for MediaPipe. Correlations between joint angles calculated from TransPose and marker digitalization were stronger (0.47-0.98) than those from MediaPipe (0.25-0.96).
Conclusion: TransPose seemed to perform better than MediaPipe but both methods presented poor performance when tracking the foot and ankle. This seems to be associated with the low frame rate and image resolution when using standard video mode.
Ileoileal knotting a rare cause of double loop small bowel obstruction,diagnostic and intraoperative challenge at Ethiopian Leku district hospital,sidama region,April 2023 ,case report
Authors: Kibret Asfaw 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Baground

Intestinal obstruction is common cause for abdominal surgeries. Among the causes for intestinal obstruction ileal knotting is the unusual and rare cause with very few case reports in the globe and in Ethiopia.Almost all cases were intraoperative surprises.We report a case of strangulated closed loop obstruction caused by ileoileal knotting at distal ileum near ileocecal junction,its diagnostic and management challenges and the roll of the “Integrated Emergency surgical officers’’ early emergency surgica interventions role in district primary hospitals in Ethiopia where there is scarce general specialist surgeon.

Case presentation

Here we discuss a 78yrs old male Ethiopian patient presented to our district hospital with sign symptoms of strangulated small bowel obstruction and exploratory laparatomy was done with intraoperative surprise of ileoileal knot with gangreneous closed loop obstruction at ileocecal junction.The gangreneous segment was resected and ileo ascending colon anastomosis was done.The post operative stay was uneventful and patient discharged on his 7th post operation date.

Conclusion

Here we present this case to highlight difficulty of preoperative diagnosis and the need of high index of suspicion as well as the management challenges of resection anastomosis when the knot is near to ileocecal junction and the undeniable role of emergency surgical officers for early intervension such emergency cases who need early intervensios.
Patch seriation to visualize data and model parameters
Authors: Lasfar Rita , Tóth Gergely 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

We developed a new seriation merit function for enhancing the visual information of data matrices. A local similarity matrix is calculated, where the average similarity of a neighbouring objects is calculated in a limited variable space and a global function is constructed to maximize the local similarities and cluster them into patches by simple row and column ordering. The method identifies data clusters in a powerful way, if the similarity of objects is caused by some variables and these variables differ for the distinct clusters. The method can be used in the presence of missing data and also on more than two-dimensional data arrays. We show the feasibility of the method on different data sets: on QSAR, chemical, material science, food science, cheminformatics and environmental data in two- and three-dimensional cases. The method can be used during the development and the interpretation of artificial neural network models by seriating different features of the models. It helps to identify interpretable models by elucidating clusters of objects, variables and hidden layer neurons.
Role of Point of Care Ultrasound in the Absence of Radial pulse and unrecordable Blood pressure during the Assessment of Shock: Case report
Authors: Getachew Melaku , Alemayehu Amanuel , Weldesilase Dereje , Degefu Natanim , Jufara Tilahun Jiru , Yewedalsew Selome Fantahun , Jauhal Sonja , Kalantari Hossein , Hassen Getaw Worku 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has been an integral part of patient evaluation in the Emergency Department. It has been used increasingly for the evaluation of critically ill and trauma patients. We report a case of 60-year-old male patient who presented to the Emergency department with flank pain and urinary symptoms suggesting pyelonephritis with unrecordable blood pressure indicating potential septic shock, but the absence of bilateral radial pulses triggered the use of POCUS which reveal bilateral radial artery occlusion.
Development and Validation of a Model including Arterial Enhancement Fraction to Predict the Progression in HCC Patients Undergoing Chemoembolization
Authors: Chai Bin , Xiang Dongqiao , Wang Wei , Ren Yanqiao , Wang Fuquan , Wang Jihua , Li Yi , Zhou Guofeng , Zheng Chuansheng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Arterial enhancement fraction of residual tumor (AEF-RT) has been recently reported as a potential prognostic predictor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with drug-eluting beads transarterial chemoembolization (DEB-TACE). We aim to establish a prognostic model including AEF-RT for predicting progression-free survival (PFS) in HCC patients after DEB-TACE.
Methods
The Cox model for PFS was derived in a training cohort (n = 56) and tested in a temporal validation cohort (n = 55). Model performance was assessed using the concordance index (C-index) and integrated Brier score (IBS) and was compared with existing prognostic models.
Results
The final model, termed ADMN, incorporated AEF-RT, Diameter, Margin appearance, and Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. High-risk patients defined by ADMN had 3.92 times greater progression risk than low-risk ones in the training cohort (p < 0.001) and 2.52 times greater in the validation cohort (p = 0.005). The C-index of ADMN was significantly higher than that of other models in the training cohort (0.76) and remained numerically higher in the validation cohort (0.71). The ADMN model manifested the lowest IBS at 6 and 12 months in the training cohort. Although the IBS at 6 and 12 months remained at a satisfactorily low level in the validation cohort, there was no superiority of ADMN IBS over other prognostic models at 12 months.
Conclusion
The ADMN model enabled progression risk stratification and individualized estimation of PFS in HCC patients undergoing DEB-TACE and yielded better performance than existing models. Further external validation with a larger sample size is required.
On the utility of Ensemble Rainfall Forecasts over River Basins in India
Authors: Dube Anumeha , Ashrit Raghavendra 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Rivers form a lifeline for the agriculture based economy in India, but recent heavy rainfall events have caused major floods in the rivers resulting in loss of life and property. In order to accurately forecast the stream flow from the rivers firstly, an accurate forecast of rainfall over the river basins (RB) is required. Until recently, for operational flood forecasting in India, rainfall forecasts from deterministic models were used. Deterministic models often result in incorrect forecasts as they do not contain the uncertainty information. Ensemble prediction systems (EPS) sample this uncertainty and can add value to the deterministic forecasts. This study seeks to address the question ‘whether the ensemble rainfall forecasts over RBs in India are ready for hydrological applications?’ In order to answer this and generate more confidence in using probabilistic rainfall forecasts from an EPS for hydrological purposes the accuracy of the forecasts has to be established. For this purpose, we have carried out an in-depth verification of the probabilistic rainfall forecasts obtained from the NCMRWF EPS (NEPS) over 8 major RBs of India during the southwest monsoon (SWM) seasons of 2018 to 2021. The basin averaged rainfall forecasts from NEPS and observations from the Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) are used in this study. It was seen from the study that the model possesses good skill in predicting low to moderate rainfall over Himalayan rivers like Ganga and peninsular rivers like Tapi, Narmada, Cauvery, and Krishna. This is seen in terms of a low Brier Score (BS), high Brier Skill Score (BSS) and low Continuous Ranked Probability Score (CRPS), as well as lower RMSE in the ensemble mean. The skill of the model is further confirmed by comparing the RMSE in the mean with the spread in the members. The best match between the RMSE in ensemble mean and spread is seen for Ganga RB. The Relative Economic Value (REV) determines the economic value of forecasts and it shows that over Ganga, Mahanadi, and Narmada the rainfall forecasts show the maximum economic value. However, the model shows relatively poorer skill in predicting rainfall over the Brahmaputra RB located in northeastern India. From this study it can be concluded that NEPS model has reasonably good skill in predicting rainfall over RBs in northern and peninsular parts of India and it would be beneficial to use these forecasts for forecasting floods.
About the possibility to liberate fixed cations from smectites by hydrothermal treatment
Authors: Kaufhold Stephan , Dohrmann Reiner , Gröger-Trampe Jens 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The chemical analysis of pure smectites exchanged by one of the typical CEC-index cations (e.g. Cu-trien) often still shows significant Na-, Ca-, and K-contents which in contrast to Mg are not expected to occur in the octahedral sheet. These so called non-structural cations were obviously not exchanged for the index cation although they are supposed to act as “gegenions” (outside the TOT layer). Such cations are termed “fixed cations”. The study proved that at least part of the fixed cations of smectites can be rendered exchangeable (liberated) by extensive water treatment before an index cation is added. The increased amount of exchangeable cations was accompanied by a decrease of the CEC which can be probably explained by partial smectite dissolution. Increasing the solid/liquid ratio in order to suppress smectite dissolution resulted in a lower amount of liberated cations but also less CEC decrease. The fixed cations, therefore, are thought to be strongly bound and can only be liberated if the smectite structure is affected. On average, low charged smectites showed less liberated cations than high charged smectites but the correlation was poor and hence does not allow to unambigously conclude an effect of the layer charge density (LCD).
Analysis of influenza epidemics in northern China during 2018-2021 and exploration of early diagnosis on influenza B
Authors: Wang Bo , Zhang Longyan , Cui Yingchun , Li Li , Guan Jianying , Chen Zhenyu , Liu Tao 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: Research on the impacts of COVID-19 towards influenza and the early diagnosis of influenza B is limited. This study aimed to analyze the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on influenza epidemics in northern China and explore the early-diagnosis indicators of influenza B.
Methods: 1. Data of influenza-like illness (ILI) and influenza virological surveillance in northern China during 2018-2021 winter influenza season were collected to analyze the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on influenza epidemics. 2. Clinical characteristics of 38 influenza B positive patients and 38 influenza B negative patients confirmed during 2021 winter influenza season were retrospectively observed. Clinical symptoms and blood routine indicators of both groups were compared and analyzed.
Results: 1. During 2020 and 2021 winter influenza season, ILI% and influenza virus positive rate in northern China were both lower than those in 2018 and 2019, with the influenza B (Victoria) dominating. 2. Compared with influenza B negative group, the systemic symptoms in influenza B positive group were significantly increased. The value of white blood cell, neutrophils%, C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A in influenza B positive group were significantly lower than those in negative group, while the lymphocytes% and monocytes% were higher than those in negative group and both could be regarded as the diagnostic indicators of influenza B.
Conclusions: Influenza epidemics were greatly reduced during COVID-19 pandemic, with influenza B rebounding from 2021, and continuous surveillance is still needed. Both clinical features and blood routine indicators can be helpful towards the early diagnosis on influenza B.
Extra-musculoskeletal manifestations driving the therapeutic decision-making in patients with Spondyloarthritis: a 12-month follow-up cohort
Authors: Annunciato Danielle R , Oliveira Thauana L , Magalhães Vanessa O , Pinheiro Marcelo de Medeiros 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: The extra-musculoskeletal manifestations (EMMs) such as recurrent acute anterior uveitis (rAAU), psoriasis (Ps), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), are related to the spondyloarthritis (SpA), as well as they are associated with disease activity and poor prognosis. However, there are no data addressing its relevance regarding therapeutic decision-making in clinical practice.
Objective: To evaluate the impact of EMMs to drive the treatment decision-making in patients with SpA in a 12-month follow-up.
Patients and methods: SpA patients, according to the axial and peripheral ASAS classification criteria, as well as CASPAR criteria, with any active EMM, defined as main entry criteria, were included in this longitudinal cohort study. Individuals with a history of any disease or condition that could be associated with some of the studied endpoints, including neoplasms and infectious diseases, were excluded. Specific tools related to each EMM, including Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI), ophthalmologic evaluation, according to the Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) criteria, and gut complaints were used at baseline and during the 3-, 6- and 12-month of follow-up as outcomes measures over time. Descriptive and inferential analyses were used appropriately, including Pearson’s correlation test, chi-squared test, and ANOVA. P-value less than 0.05 was considered as significant.
Results: A total of 560 patients were enrolled, of whom 472 meet the eligibility criteria. The majority (N=274; 59.6%) had one or more EMM related to SpA umbrella concept. Regarding their value in decision-making (N=141/274, 51.5%), Ps was the most prevalent (N=78/139; 28.5%), followed by rAAU (N=48/111; 17.5%) and IBD (N=15/24; 5.5%). Clinical improvement of EMMs outcomes was observed in most patients over 12-month follow-up, especially in those with rAAU and IBD (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Our results showed that EMMs guided the therapeutic decision-making in half of SpA patients, regardless of musculoskeletal condition, suggesting the inter-disciplinarity among the rheumatologist, ophthalmologist, dermatologist, and gastroenterologist plays a crucial role to manage them.
Effect of multidimensional physiotherapy on non-specific chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bemani Sanaz , Sarrafzadeh Javad , Dehkordi Shohreh Noorizadeh , Talebian Saeed , Salehi Reza , Zarei Jamileh 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: Many people with non-specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP) do not recover with current conventional management. Systematic reviews show multidimensional treatment improves pain better than usual active interventions. It is unclear whether multidimensional physiotherapy improves pain better than usual physiotherapy. This study determines the effectiveness of this treatment to reduce pain and disability and improve quality of life, pain cognitions, and brain function in individuals with NSCLBP.
Methods: 70 eligible participants aged 18 to 50 years with NSCLBP were randomized into either the experimental group (multidimensional physiotherapy) or the active control group (usual physiotherapy). Pain intensity was measured as the primary outcome. Disability, quality of life, pain Catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, fear Avoidance Beliefs, active lumbar range of motion, and brain function were measured as secondary outcomes.
The outcomes were measured at pre-treatment, post-treatment, 10, and 22 weeks. Data were analyzed using intention-to-treat approaches.
Results: There were 17 men and 18 women in the experimental group (mean [SD] age, 34.57 [6.98] years) and 18 men and 17 women in the active control group (mean [SD] age, 35.94 [7.51] years). Multidimensional physiotherapy was not more effective than usual physiotherapy at reducing pain intensity at the end of treatment. At the 10 weeks and 22 weeks follow-up, there were statistically significant differences between multidimensional physiotherapy and usual physiotherapy (mean difference at 10 weeks, -1.54; 95% CI, -2.59 to -0.49 and mean difference at 22 weeks, -2.20; 95% CI, –3.25 to –1.15). The standardized mean difference and their 95% confidence intervals (Cohen's d) revealed a large effect of pain at 22 weeks: (Cohen’s d, -0.89; 95% CI (-1.38 to-0.39)). There were no statistically significant differences in secondary outcomes.
Conclusions: In this randomized controlled trial, multidimensional physiotherapy resulted in statistically and clinically significant improvements in pain compared to usual physiotherapy in individuals with NSCLBP at 10 and 22 weeks.
Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04270422; IRCT IRCT20140810018754N11.
Prediction of settlement velocity of sludge area based on image analysis
Authors: GUO Shuo , CHAI Xiaohui , TANG Shixian , Lijie ZHAO , HONG Yue 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The sedimentation performance of sludge affects the operation of the entire treatment process. It is important to measure the zone settling velocity accuracy and high efficiency which can reflect the sedimentation performance of sludge. Traditional methods often rely entirely on manual implementation. Long hours of manual measurement work brings physical strain to the operator, low efficiency of the entire measurement work and a large error in the measurement results. Therefore, the method combining image processing and neural network to realize automatic recognition of the scale value of sludge water interface in sludge sedimentation video is proposed. Based on the recognized scale value, overall sedimentation change curve is drew, and the sludge sedimentation rate is calculated. Then, the activated sludge was examined by phase contrast microscope to obtain sludge image. The flocs, filamentous bacteria and other targets in the image are segmented with Labelme, the characteristics of flocs and sedimentation rate of the previous day are taken as input of deep stochastic configuration network, and the calculated sludge sedimentation rate is output for predicting layered sedimentation rate. Through experimental analysis, the prediction error is within a reasonable range. The intelligent prediction of sludge regional sedimentation velocity is realized.