bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF GOVERNANCE UNDER THE 2004 CONSTITUTION OF AFGHANISTAN
Authors: Noori Mojaddadi Noorullah , Sayed Muaaz 
Published: April 2023

The first republic in Afghanistan was established by Sardar mohammad Daood Khan in 1973 and the second was established after 2001 under the Bonn Agreement. According to the Agreement the first will establish an interim government and after it a transitional government. Transitional administration had the task of drafting a constitution and to Facilitate presidential elections.The republic until 2021, ruled by two presidents, Hamid Karzai and Mohammad Ashraf Ghani, and collapsed with the re-establishment of the Islamic Emirate. This study discusses the nature of the form of government in accordance with the constitution and what problems it had.The significance of this study lies in the fact that the government in light of the "Constitution" in Afghanistan has identified shortcomings that have made governance controversial. Identifying these shortcomings can help create a system in the future that is capable of doing good governance.
The methodology is qualitative in nature and secondary sources have been used and examined. The secondary source includes Books, Laws, Magazines, Journals and Newspapers etc.
Finally achieved that the government in Afghanistan through 2004 constitution was centralized in which local government had the role of Implementer of plans which would be created by the central administrations. The separation of powers and balance was overshadowed by a powerful executive branch.Relatively weak parliament and increased control of the executive branch on judiciary were some of the issues that plagued governance and caused constant controversy between the government and parliament.
الجهود النسوية المساندة للحروب الإسلامية الصليبية خلال القرنيين 6 – 7 هـ / 12-13م
Authors: المقدم ا.د.م/ محمد 
Published: April 2023

اشتركت النساء في الجهود المساعدة للأعمال الحربية في مراحل الحروب الصليبية المختلفة، وأسهمن بجهود متنوعة ومتفاوتة قبل المعارك وأثناءها، ويهدف البحث إلى إبراز الجهود النسوية في سياق التحضير للحملات العسكرية، وأدوارها المساندة للأعمال القتالية في البلاد الشامية زمن الحروب الصليبية؛ سواءً في الجبهة الداخلية، أم في خطوط الإمداد ودعم المواجهات بين القوى الإسلامية والصليبية، ويرصد الحوافز والمعوقات الدينية، والاجتماعية، والاقتصادية لمشاركة النساء، وأدوارهنَّ المتنوَّعة في المجالات المعاونة للأعمال العسكرية.
Effect of qat on the oral health
Authors: Researcher\Adel Researcher\Adel , Al-Tayer Researcher\Barakat 
Published: April 2023

This study is descriptive, and was conducted in the Faculty of Oral Medicine and Dentistry - University of Alsaeed, The purpose of this study was the presentation of various facial –oral and dental lesions in Yemeni patients who were using qat.
Materials methods : eight hundreds and eighty five patients Yemeni were examined. All of who were chewing qat. All patients were adults 18 years of age or older , were then selected for the study, oral and hard tissues lesion were classified according to their clinical impression, location, size &their association with the use of qat chewing.
The result : Diagnosed oral lesions were distributed as follow: - periodontitis 31.8%, severe attrition 21.0%, cervical caries 12%, Cervical none carious lesion 7%, Proxamil caries 8%, hyperkeratosis 3.8%, unilateral missing teeth 9.7%, unilateral heavy calculus 9.4% and bilateral missing teeth 3.75%, masseter muscle hypertrophy4%,TMJ associated symptoms1% and gingival pain 1% . Recommendations: carrying out analytical studies to determine the association between qat chewing and oral lesions .
Biodegradation of Crude Oil Contaminated Soil in Sudan Using Sudanese Plant Acacia seyal Del
Authors: Abdallah Amel Hassan , Elhussein Adil Ali , Ibrahim Dafaalla Ali 
Published: April 2023

Phytoremediation is an environmental technology in which plants are used for decontamination of organic and inorganic pollutants from soils and water. Acacia seyal Delile was tested for it is ability to degrade crude oil contaminated soil in four concentrations 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2% (w/w) of crude oil. Plant parameters, degradation percentage, retention time and bacterial count were calculated. Results showed that at the end of the growth period of A. seyal Del no such adverse effect was observed on the shoot length and it is better than that of the control at the 2% concentration by the end of the growth period. This result highlights the ability of A. seyal Del to grow under stress of oil contamination. A. seyal root length has substantially increased at two and four month’s interval and no significant difference was observed at these two intervals. A. seyal Del shoot biomass was significantly (p<0.05) negatively affected by crude oil at four month intervals, Root weight of A. seyal Del have decreased steadily. Degradation percentage was found to be in the range between 49-54%. Penadecane is the first compound appear in most cases and the retention time was between 13.7-32.9 min. Number of compounds detected in the rhizosphere those were 57, 70 and 167 compound after two, four and six month of growth respectively. Viable count of the dominant bacteria showed that there is no significant different between concentrations (P=0.699), also there is no significant difference between intervals (P=0.08) in bacterial number. This study reveals the visibility of using tropical plant Acacia seyal in crude oil degradation.
Mortality After Postcolonoscopy Colorectal Cancer in the Veterans Affairs Health Care System
Authors: Kahi Charles J. , Myers Laura J. , Monahan Patrick O. , Barker Barry C. , Stump Timothy E. , Imperiale Thomas F. 
Published: April 2023

ImportancePostcolonoscopy colorectal cancer (PCCRC) refers to colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosed after a colonoscopy in which no cancer was found and is reflective of colonoscopy quality at the individual and system levels. Colonoscopy is widely performed in the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system, but the prevalence of PCCRC and its associated mortality are unknown.ObjectiveTo examine PCCRC prevalence and its all-cause mortality (ACM) and CRC-specific mortality (CSM) within the VA health care system.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study used VA-Medicare administrative data to identify 29 877 veterans aged 50 to 85 years with newly diagnosed CRC between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2013. Patients whose colonoscopy occurred less than 6 months before CRC diagnosis with no other colonoscopy within the previous 36 months were categorized as having detected CRC (DCRC). Those who had a colonoscopy that did not detect CRC between 6 and 36 months before CRC diagnosis were categorized as having postcolonoscopy CRC (PCCRC-3y). A third group included patients with CRC and no colonoscopy within the prior 36 months. The final analysis of the data was performed in September 2022.ExposuresPrior receipt of colonoscopy.Main Outcomes and MeasuresCox proportional hazards regression (with censoring, last follow-up December 31, 2018) analyses were conducted to compare PCCRC-3y and DCRC for 5-year ACM and CSM after CRC diagnosis.ResultsOf 29 877 patients with CRC (median [IQR] age, 67 [60-75] years; 29 353 [98%] male; 5284 [18%] Black, 23 971 [80%] White, and 622 [2%] other), 1785 (6%) were classified as having PCCRC-3y and 21 811 (73%) as having DCRC. The 5-year ACM rates were 46% vs 42% for patients with PCCRC-3y vs patients with DCRC. The 5-year CSM rates were 26% vs 25% for patients with PCCRC-3y vs patients with DCRC. In multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, there was no significant difference in ACM and CSM between patients with PCCRC-3y (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.04; 95% CI, 0.98-1.11; P = .18) and patients with DCRC (aHR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.95-1.13; P = .42). However, compared with patients with DCRC, patients with no prior colonoscopy had significantly higher ACM (aHR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.70-1.82; P &amp;lt; .001) and CSM (aHR, 2.22; 95% CI, 2.12-2.32; P &amp;lt; .001). Compared with patients with DCRC, patients with PCCRC-3y had significantly lower odds of having undergone colonoscopy performed by a gastroenterologist (odds ratio, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.43-0.53; P &amp;lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found that PCCRC-3y constituted 6% of CRCs in the VA system, which is similar to other settings. Compared with patients with CRC detected by colonoscopy, those with PCCRC-3y have comparable ACM and CSM.
Modeling Posttreatment Prognosis of Skin Lesions in Patients With Psoriasis in China
Authors: Yang Zhihui , Han Shasha , Wu Peng , Wang Mingyue , Li Ruoyu , Zhou Xiao-Hua , Li Hang 
Published: April 2023

ImportanceUnderstanding the posttreatment prognosis of skin lesions in patients with psoriasis is essential for improving patients’ treatment satisfaction.ObjectivesTo model the prognosis of skin lesions for patients with psoriasis after 3 types of therapy.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prospective cohort study included patients with psoriasis who visited a dermatologist and were enrolled in the platform of the Psoriasis Standardized Diagnosis and Treatment Center in China from August 2020 to December 2021.InterventionsBiologic, traditional, and systemic therapy for psoriasis.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSkin lesions were measured by the Investigator’s Global Assessment (IGA) scale subsumed into 4 stages of severity (IGA 0/1, IGA 2, IGA 3, and IGA 4), with higher scores indicating higher severity. The matching method was used to balance baseline covariates between patients receiving each of the 3 treatments. Transition probabilities from IGA scores at baseline to 0 to 1 month and 1 to 12 months were estimated.ResultsA total of 8767 patients were included in the final analysis (median age, 38.6 years [IQR, 28.7-52.8 years]; 5809 [66.3%] male). Across the 3 therapies, as the follow-up duration increased, the probability of improvement transition into a less severe IGA stage (from IGA 4 to IGA 0/1) increased from 0.19 (95% CI, 0.18-0.21) in 0 to 1 month to 0.36 (95% CI, 0.34-0.37) in 1 to 12 months. Biologic therapy was associated with greater improvement transitions for severe conditions, with transition probabilities from IGA 4 to IGA 0/1 increasing by 0.06 (95% CI, 0.02-0.09) vs traditional therapy and by 0.06 (95% CI, 0.03-0.09) vs systemic therapy in 0 to 1 month and by 0.08 (95% CI, 0.04-0.12) vs traditional therapy and 0.11 (95% CI, 0.07-0.14) vs systemic therapy in 1 to 12 months.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study modeling psoriasis prognosis provided a complete prognosis of skin lesions, and biologic therapy was associated with improved prognosis of moderate to severe psoriasis compared with traditional and systemic therapies. The study provides insight on using transition diagrams to assess psoriasis prognosis and to communicate with patients in clinical practice.
Long-term Mortality in Individuals Diagnosed With Cancer During Pregnancy or Postpartum
Authors: Cairncross Zoe F. , Shack Lorraine , Nelson Gregg , Friedenreich Christine M. , Ray Joel , Fell Deshayne B. , Lisonkova Sarka , Bhatti Parveen , Sikdar Khokan , McMorris Carly , Metcalfe Amy 
Published: April 2023

ImportanceOutcomes among patients with pregnancy-associated cancers (diagnosed during pregnancy or 1-year postpartum) other than breast cancer have received relatively little research attention. High-quality data from additional cancer sites are needed to inform the care of this unique group of patients.ObjectiveTo assess mortality and survival in premenopausal women with pregnancy-associated cancers, with a particular focus on cancers other than those of the breast.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based retrospective cohort study included premenopausal women (aged 18-50 years) living in 3 Canadian provinces (Alberta, British Columbia, and Ontario) diagnosed with cancer between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2016, with follow-up until December 31, 2017, or date of death. Data analysis occurred in 2021 and 2022.ExposuresParticipants were categorized as being diagnosed with cancer during pregnancy (from conception to delivery), during the postpartum period (up to 1 year after delivery), or during a time that was remote from pregnancy.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOutcomes were overall survival at 1 and 5 years and time from diagnosis to death due to any cause. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate mortality adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for age at cancer diagnosis, cancer stage, cancer site, and days from diagnosis to first treatment. Meta-analysis was used to pool results across all 3 provinces.ResultsDuring the study period there were 1014, 3074, and 20 219 participants diagnosed with cancer during pregnancy, postpartum, and periods remote from pregnancy, respectively. One-year survival was similar across the 3 groups, but 5-year survival was lower among those diagnosed with cancer during pregnancy or postpartum. Overall, there was a greater risk of death due to pregnancy-associated cancer among those diagnosed during pregnancy (aHR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.51-2.13) and postpartum (aHR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.33-1.67); however, these results varied across cancer sites. Increased hazard of mortality was observed for breast (aHR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.58-2.56), ovarian (aHR, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.12-6.03), and stomach (aHR, 10.37; 95% CI, 3.56-30.24) cancers diagnosed during pregnancy, and brain (aHR, 2.75; 95% CI, 1.28-5.90), breast (aHR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.32-1.95), and melanoma (aHR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.02-3.30) cancers diagnosed postpartum.Conclusions and RelevanceThis population-based cohort study found that pregnancy-associated cancers had increased overall 5-year mortality, though not all cancer sites presented the same risk.
Association Between Social Determinants of Health and Examination-Based Vision Loss vs Self-reported Vision Measures
Authors: Alfaro Hudak Katelin M , Wittenborn John S. , Lamuda Phoebe A. , Lundeen Elizabeth A. , Saaddine Jinan , Rein David B. 
Published: April 2023

ImportanceRecent evidence suggests that social determinants of health (SDOH) affect vision loss, but it is unclear whether estimated associations differ between clinically evaluated and self-reported vision loss.ObjectiveTo identify associations between SDOH and evaluated vision impairment and to assess whether these associations hold when examining self-reported vision loss.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based cross-sectional comparison included participants 12 years and older in the 2005 to 2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), participants of all ages (infants and older) in the 2019 American Community Survey (ACS), and adults 18 years and older in the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS).ExposuresFive domains of SDOH that are based on Healthy People 2030: economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPresenting vision impairment of 20/40 or worse in the better-seeing eye (NHANES) and self-reported blindness or serious difficulty seeing, even with glasses (ACS and BRFSS).ResultsOf 3 649 085 included participants, 1 873 893 were female (51.1%) and 2 504 206 were White (64.4%). SDOH across domains of economic stability, educational attainment, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social context were significant predictors of poor vision. For example, higher income (poverty to income ratio [NHANES]: OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.85-0.98; [ACS]: OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.93-0.94; categorical income [BRFSS:&amp;lt;$15 000 reference]: $15 000-$24 999; OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.91-0.91; $25 000-$34 999: OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.80-0.80; $35 000-$49 999: OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.71-0.72; ≥$50 000: OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.49-0.49), employment (BRFSS: OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.66-0.66; ACS: OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.54-0.55), and owning a home (NHANES: OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.73-1.00; BRFSS: OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.82-0.82; ACS: OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.79-0.79) were associated with lower odds of vision loss. The study team identified no differences in the general direction of the associations when using either clinically evaluated or self-reported vision measures.Conclusions and RelevanceThe study team found evidence that associations between SDOH and vision impairment track together when using either clinically evaluated or self-reported vision loss. These findings support the use of self-reported vision data in a surveillance system to track trends in SDOH and vision health outcomes within subnational geographies.
Protein translocation in mitochondria: Sorting out the Toms, Tims, Pams, Sams and Mia
Authors: Herrmann Johannes M , Bykov Yury 
Published: April 2023

Mitochondrial protein importMitochondria contain 902 (yeast) to 1.136 (mouse, humans) verified proteins. Except for a very small number of mitochondrially encoded core components of the respiratory chain, mitochondrial proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and synthesized in the cytosol. Different import pathways direct proteins to their respective mitochondrial subcompartment (outer membrane, intermembrane space (IMS), inner membrane and matrix). Specific targeting signals in their sequence direct proteins to their target destination and allow the proteins to embark on their respective import pathway. The main import pathways are shown here on the poster and are introduced in the following, using the mitochondrial import system of the baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as example. However, the mitochondrial import system of mammalian cells is highly similar and deviates only in minor aspects. Even the mitochondrial import machineries of less closely related eukaryotes, such as plants and trypanosomes, are very similar and adhere to the same general principles.
Parametric finite element analysis of laminated coupling
Authors: Lu Hongjiang , Tian Zhongxu , Wang Simeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo systematically and efficiently study the relationship between the design parameters and the strength and performance of the laminated coupling, it is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the design and selection of the coupling. Based on ANSYS parametric design language, parametric modeling and analysis were carried out on four different types of membranes, namely circular, multilateral, joint and plum‐pattern membranes. The loads and constraints were parameterized and the automatic grid division and analytical parameter control were realized, so as to obtain the stress distribution rule of the membranes. Based on Python language and parameterized commands, the secondary development of the membrane parametric finite element analysis tool was provided. The influence law of the factors such as angular displacement, torque, thickness, and the number of holes on the membrane performance was studied respectively, so as to achieve efficient finite element analysis. Results show that stress concentration exists near the hole edge of the membranes under the action of torque and angular displacement. Both the increase of torque and angular displacement will maximize the equivalent stress of the membranes, and appropriately reducing the thickness of the single membrane can lower the equivalent stress of the membranes.
Control of Surface Morphology, Adhesion and Friction of Colloidal Gels with Lamellar Surface Interactions
Authors: Deptula Alexander , Rangel‐Galera Jessica , Espinosa‐Marzal Rosa M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDespite recent advances in polyelectrolyte systems, designing responsive hydrogel interfaces to meet application requirements still proves challenging. Here, semicrystalline colloidal gels composed of poly(methacrylamide‐co‐methacrylic acid) are investigated in water with storage moduli in the MPa range. A combination of SEM, X‐ray scattering, and NMR reveals the evolution of the colloidal microstructure, crystallinity, and hydrogen bonding with varying monomer ratio. The gels with the finest colloidal microstructure exhibit the most dissipative rheological behavior and are selected for the study of their interfacial characteristics and underlying interactions. Microstructure stabilization and dynamics results from short‐range (attractive) hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic forces, and long‐range (repulsive) electrostatic interactions—the “SALR” pair potential. Further, the gel's surface exhibits a submicron colloidal topography that greatly determines (colloidal‐like) friction as a result of the viscoelastic deformation of the colloidal network, while electrostatic near‐surface interactions propagate in lamellar adhesion. The dynamic and reversible nature of the involved interactions introduces a stimulus responsive behavior that enables the electrotunability of adhesion and friction. This study advances the knowledge necessary to design complex hydrogel interfaces that enable spatial and dynamic control of surface properties, which is of relevance for applications in biomedical devices, soft tissue design, soft robotics, and other engineered tribosystems.
Floating Catalyst Chemical Vapor Deposition Patterning Nitrogen‐Doped Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Shape Tailorable and Flexible Micro‐Supercapacitors
Authors: Dong Haohao , Zhang Liangzhu , Liao Yongping , Huang Kai , Lian Cheng , Zhou Xinghai , Zhang Zhao , Kauppinen Esko I. , Wu Zhong‐Shuai 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMicro‐supercapacitors (MSCs) as high‐power density energy storage units are designed to meet the booming development of flexible electronics, requiring simple and fast fabrication technology. Herein, a fast and direct solvent‐free patterning method is reported to fabricate shape‐tailorable and flexible MSCs by floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD). The nitrogen‐doped single‐walled carbon nanotubes (N‐SWCNTs) are directly deposited on a patterned filter by FCCVD with designable patterns and facilely dry‐transferred on versatile substrates. The obtained MSCs deliver an excellent areal capacitance of 3.6 mF cm−2 and volumetric capacitance of 98.6 F cm−3 at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1 along with excellent long‐term cycle stability over 125 000 circles. Furthermore, the MSCs show good performance uniformity, which can be readily integrated via connection in parallel or series to deliver a stable high voltage (4 V with five serially connected devices) and large capacitance (5.1 mF with five parallel devices) at a scan rate of 100 mV s−1, enabling powering the light emitting displays. Therefore, this method blazes the trail of directly preparing flexible, shape‐customizable, and high‐performance MSCs.