bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Politicisation of Islam and a Culture of Atrocities against Religious Minorities in Modern-Day Pakistan
Authors: Rashid Khadija 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Since independence, the politicisation of Islam in Pakistan has fostered a culture of atrocities against religious minorities. This explains why Pakistan tops the list of countries at the risk of mass killings. The Islamic revivalist movement that emerged under the military dictatorship of General Zia-ul-Haq during the 1970s-80s is often equated with Pakistan’s descent into religious intolerance. The controversial blasphemy laws modified under his regime continue to abet atrocity crimes across Pakistan. This article reflects on the constitutional and legal frameworks to understand the prevalence of hate speech and incitement in the country. Through case studies of recent episodes of violence, it sheds light on the state’s complex governance structures, its struggle to counter episodes that incite violence, and the barriers to implementing rule of law. Furthermore, the article highlights the need for key reforms on both national and international level to push for the implementation of atrocity prevention frameworks.
Imperforate tracheary element classification for studies of xylem structure-function relations
Authors: Olson Mark E. 
Published: May 2023

Summary
Discovering how xylem function emerges from xylem structure requires approaches that are distinct from those invented for wood identification. I exemplify this need for different approaches by discussing the classification of imperforate tracheary elements, the cells that go by names such as “fibers,” tracheids, fiber-tracheids, and libriform fibers. Currently, there are two classification systems, one for wood identification and one championed by Sherwin Carlquist for research on xylem function. I emphasize that neither is globally “correct” for all applications, but instead each is appropriate for the aims of its field. Wood identification uses an easily-applied classification of imperforate tracheary elements, designed to remain stable over the long term. This stability allows anatomists to build large databases of wood data that are maximally useful for wood identification. In contrast, functional xylem biologists need flexible definitions that serve as hypotheses of imperforate tracheary element function to be tested, modified, and tested again, in an open-ended process of refining knowledge of xylem structure-function relations. I highlight some of the many open questions that the functional classification points to, such as the morphological correlates of the conductive/nonconductive imperforate tracheary element distinction, how imperforate tracheary element features are associated with vessel grouping, whether the libriform fiber-fiber tracheid distinction is arbitrary or not, and other topics. Recognizing that the purpose of a functional classification is to drive research shifts focus away from debates about whether a given cell type classification is “correct” and onto the empirical priorities that need study. While there is a solid tradition within comparative wood anatomy of training in wood identification, there is a need to train functional comparative wood anatomists, who can guide and interact with xylem physiologists to build more robust explanations of xylem structure and function.
Topic Initiation by Korean and Chinese Speakers on Reality Dating Shows
Authors: Zhu Weihua , Chen Xi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study examined topic initiation in first encounters in an underexplored language pair – Korean and Chinese. It focused on the beginning stage of intimate relationships documented on two reality dating shows, Sun Da Bang in South Korea and Find Me The One in mainland China. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted to compare the focus of topics, the shift between them, and the influence of gender. Significant differences were found in topic orientation across the groups and in the effect of gender on topic initiation in Korean.
¡Basta Ya! The Basque Civic Movement and Nonviolent Resistance to eta’s Terrorism
Authors: Argomaniz Javier 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This paper examines the impact that the Basque civic movement had in the civil resistance against the armed separatist group Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (eta). The ‘civic’ or ‘constitutionalist’ movement, whose best-known representative was the social movement organization ¡Basta Ya!, emerged to demand the protection of Basque citizens’ human and political rights, which were routinely abused by eta and their sympathisers. The movement impacted on the cycle of contention against terrorism through the diffusion of democratic norms and anti-eta political narratives, by sustaining civil resistance against terrorism while enduring persecution by their militants and sympathisers and by protecting the social fabric through the channelling of non-nationalist grievances into collective action that was pro-democratic and nonviolent. The case highlights the crucial parallels that exist between civil resistance to authoritarian regimes and non-state groups and the crucial role that civil society actors can play in the social delegitimisation of terrorist organisations.
A Statewide Analysis of Predictors of Trauma Center Transfer: The Burden of Non-Clinical Factors
Authors: Aldridge Joshua R. , Quinn Seth A. , Peine Brandon S. , Irish William D. , Toschlog Eric A. 
Published: May 2023

Objectives There is a perception, with mixed literary support, that patients are transferred from community hospitals to tertiary medical centers for non-clinical reasons (ie, payor, race, and admission time). Over-triage risks unequally burdening the tertiary medical centers within a trauma system. This study aims to identify potential non-clinical factors associated with the transfer of injured patients. Methods Using the 2018 North Carolina State Inpatient Database, patients with a primary diagnosis of spine, rib or extremity fractures, or TBI were identified using ICD-10-CM code and admission type of “Urgent,” “Emergency,” or “Trauma.” Patients were divided into cohorts of “retained” (at community hospital) or “transferred” (Level-1 or 2 trauma centers). Results 11,095 patients met inclusion criteria; 2432 (21.9%) patients made up the transfer cohort. The mean ISS for all retained patients was 2.2 (±.9) and 2.9 (±1.4) for all transferred patients. The transfer cohort was younger (mean age 66 v 75.8), underinsured, and more likely to be admitted after 1700 ( P < .001). Similar differences were seen regardless of injury pattern. Conclusions Patients transferred to trauma centers were more likely to be underinsured and be admitted outside of normal business hours. These transferred patients had longer lengths of stay and higher mortality rates. Across all cohorts, similar ISS suggests that a portion of the transfers could be managed at a community hospital. After hours transfers suggest a need for more robust community hospital coverage. Intentional triage of the injured patient encourages appropriate utilization of resources and is crucial to maintaining high-functioning trauma centers and systems.
Prediction of Ureteral Injury During Colorectal Surgery Using Machine Learning
Authors: Chen Kevin A. , Joisa Chinmaya U. , Stem Jonathan M. , Guillem Jose G. , Gomez Shawn M. , Kapadia Muneera R. 
Published: May 2023

Background Ureteral injury (UI) is a rare but devastating complication during colorectal surgery. Ureteral stents may reduce UI but carry risks themselves. Risk predictors for UI could help target the use of stents, but previous efforts have relied on logistic regression (LR), shown moderate accuracy, and used intraoperative variables. We sought to use an emerging approach in predictive analytics, machine learning, to create a model for UI. Methods Patients who underwent colorectal surgery were identified in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database. Patients were split into training, validation, and test sets. The primary outcome was UI. Three machine learning approaches were tested including random forest (RF), gradient boosting (XGB), and neural networks (NN), and compared with traditional LR. Model performance was assessed using area under the curve (AUROC). Results The data set included 262,923 patients, of whom 1519 (.578%) experienced UI. Of the modeling techniques, XGB performed the best, with an AUROC score of .774 (95% CI .742-.807) compared with .698 (95% CI .664-.733) for LR. Random forest and NN performed similarly with scores of .738 and .763, respectively. Type of procedure, work RVUs, indication for surgery, and mechanical bowel prep showed the strongest influence on model predictions. Conclusions Machine learning-based models significantly outperformed LR and previous models and showed high accuracy in predicting UI during colorectal surgery. With proper validation, they could be used to support decision making regarding the placement of ureteral stents preoperatively.
Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Clinic: A Novel Approach to Decrease Time to Intervention
Authors: Alongi Ashlyn M. , Mitchell William D. , Elder Erin A. , Rivere Amy , Fuhrman George 
Published: May 2023

Multidisciplinary clinics (MDCs) were created at high-volume surgical oncology centers to optimize breast cancer care, in which patients are seen by multiple subspecialists at one visit. We aim to evaluate our experience with this novel approach. We examined 492 patients with newly diagnosed invasive breast cancer from January 1, 2020, to September 1, 2022. Patients seen at our MDC had a decreased time to intervention across all measured intervals: 3 days faster (10 vs 13 days) from biopsy to clinic visit [t Sat 2.09 > t critical two tail 1.99], 5 days faster (23 vs 28 days) from diagnosis to initiation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy [t Sat 5.12 > t critical two tail 2.019], and 21 days faster (24 vs 45 days) from surgery clinic visit to operation [t Sat 5.12 > t critical two tail 2.019]. Although early in our experience, we have initiated a strategy for improved breast cancer care.
Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis Protocol: A Single Center Study
Authors: Cruz-Centeno Nelimar , Fraser James A. , Stewart Shai , Marlor Derek R. , Rentea Rebecca M. , Aguayo Pablo , Juang David , Hendrickson Richard J. , Snyder Charles L. , St Peter Shawn D. , Fraser Jason D. , Oyetunji Tolulope A. 
Published: May 2023

Background Initial treatment of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) is correction of electrolyte disturbances with fluid resuscitation. In 2015, our institution implemented a fluid resuscitation protocol based on previous data that focused on minimizing blood draws and allowing immediate ad libitum feeds postoperatively. Our aim was to describe the protocol and subsequent outcomes. Methods We conducted a single-center retrospective review of patients diagnosed with HPS from 2016 to 2023. All patients were given ad libitum feeds postoperatively and discharged home after tolerating three consecutive feeds. The primary outcome was the postoperative hospital length of stay (LOS). Secondary outcomes included the number of preoperative labs drawn, time from arrival to surgery, time from surgery to initiation of feeds, time from surgery to full feeds, and re-admission rate. Results The study included 333 patients. A total of 142 patients (42.6%) had electrolytic disturbances that required fluid boluses in addition to 1.5x maintenance fluids. The median number of lab draws was 1 (IQR 1,2), with a median time from arrival to surgery of 19.5 hours (IQR 15.3,24.9). The median time from surgery to first and full feed was 1.9 hours (IQR 1.2,2.7) and 11.2 hours (IQR 6.4,18.3), respectively. Patients had a median postoperative LOS of 21.8 hours (IQR 9.7,28.9). Re-admission rate within the first 30 postoperative days was 3.6% ( n = 12) with 2.7% of re-admissions occurring within 72 hours of discharge. One patient required re-operation due to an incomplete pyloromyotomy. Discussion This protocol is a valuable tool for perioperative and postoperative management of patients with HPS while minimizing uncomfortable intervention.
Implementation of digital health interventions in rehabilitation: A scoping review
Authors: Pearce Louise , Costa Nathalia , Sherrington Catherine , Hassett Leanne 
Published: May 2023

Objective Digital health interventions have potential to enhance rehabilitation services by increasing accessibility, affordability and scalability. However, implementation of digital interventions in rehabilitation is poorly understood. This scoping review aims to map current strategies, research designs, frameworks, outcomes and determinants used to support and evaluate the implementation of digital interventions in rehabilitation. Data sources Comprehensive searches from inception until October 2022 of MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PEDro, SpeechBITE, NeuroBITE, REHABDATA, WHO International Clinical Trial Registry and the Cochrane Library. Methods Two reviewers screened studies against the eligibility criteria. Implementation science taxonomies and methods, including Powell et al.'s compilation of implementation strategies, were used to guide analysis and synthesis of findings. Results The search retrieved 13,833 papers and 23 studies were included. Only 4 studies were randomised controlled trials and 9 studies (39%) were feasibility studies. Thirty-seven discrete implementation strategies were reported across studies. Strategies related to training and educating clinicians (91%), providing interactive assistance (61%), and developing stakeholder interrelationships (43%) were most frequently reported. Few studies adequately described implementation strategies and methods for selecting strategies. Almost all studies measured implementation outcomes and determinants; most commonly, acceptability, compatibility and dose delivered of digital interventions. Conclusion The rigour of implementation methods in the field is currently poor. Digital interventions require carefully planned and tailored implementation to facilitate successful adoption into rehabilitation practice. To keep pace with rapidly advancing technology, future rehabilitation research should prioritise using implementation science methods to explore and evaluate implementation while testing effectiveness of digital interventions.
Mental Health of Royal Canadian Mounted Police at the Start of the Cadet Training Program
Authors: Carleton R. Nicholas , Jamshidi Laleh , Maguire Kirby Q. , Lix Lisa M. , Stewart Sherry H. , Afifi Tracie O. , Sareen Jitender , Andrews Katie L. , Jones Nicholas A. , Nisbet Jolan , Sauer-Zavala Shannon , Neary J. Patrick , Brunet Alain , Krätzig Gregory P. , Fletcher Amber J. , Teckchandani Taylor A. , Keane Terence M. , Asmundson Gordon J.G. 
Published: May 2023

Objective Serving Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) have screened positive for one or more mental disorders based on self-reported symptoms with substantial prevalence (i.e., 50.2%). Mental health challenges for military and paramilitary populations have historically been attributed to insufficient recruit screening; however, cadet mental health when starting the Cadet Training Program (CTP) was unknown. Our objective was to estimate RCMP Cadet mental health when starting the CTP and test for sociodemographic differences. Method Cadets starting the CTP completed a survey assessing self-reported mental health symptoms ( n = 772, 72.0% male) and a clinical interview ( n = 736, 74.4% male) with a clinician or supervised trainee using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview to assess current and past mental health. Results The percentage of participants screening positive for one or more current mental disorders based on self-reported symptoms (15.0%) was higher than the diagnostic prevalence for the general population (10.1%); however, based on clinical interviews, participants were less likely to screen positive for any current mental disorder (6.3%) than the general population. Participants were also less likely to screen positive for any past mental disorder based on self-report (3.9%) and clinical interviews (12.5%) than the general population (33.1%). Females were more likely to score higher than males (all ps<.01; Cohen's ds .23 to .32) on several self-report mental disorder symptom measures. Conclusions The current results are the first to describe RCMP cadet mental health when starting the CTP. The data evidenced a lower prevalence of anxiety, depressive, and trauma-related mental disorders than the general population based on clinical interviews, contrasting notions that more rigorous mental health screening would reduce the high prevalence of mental disorders among serving RCMP. Instead, protecting RCMP mental health may require ongoing efforts to mitigate operational and organizational stressors.
A National Study of Homelessness, Social Determinants of Health, and Treatment Engagement Among Outpatient Medication for Opioid Use Disorder-Seeking Individuals in the United States
Authors: Gaeta Gazzola Marina , Carmichael Iain D. , Christian Nicholaus J. , Zheng Xiaoying , Madden Lynn M. , Barry Declan T. 
Published: May 2023

Background: Homelessness is an important social determinant of health (SDOH), impacting health outcomes for many medical conditions. Although homelessness is common among people with opioid use disorder (OUD), few studies systematically evaluate homelessness and other SDOH among people enrolled in standard of care treatment for OUD, medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD), or examine whether homelessness affects treatment engagement. Methods: Using data from the 2016 to 2018 U.S. Treatment Episode Dataset Discharges (TEDS-D), patient demographic, social, and clinical characteristics were compared between episodes of outpatient MOUD where homelessness was reported at treatment enrollment versus independent housing using pairwise tests adjusted for multiple testing. A logistic regression model examined the relationship between homelessness and treatment length and treatment completion while accounting for covariates. Results: There were 188 238 eligible treatment episodes. Homelessness was reported in 17 158 episodes (8.7%). In pairwise analysis, episodes involving homelessness were significantly different from those involving independent living on most demographic, social, and clinical characteristics, with significantly greater social vulnerability in most SDOH variables ( P’s < .05). Homelessness was significantly and negatively associated with treatment completion (coefficient = −0.0853, P < 0.001, 95% CI = [−0.114, −0.056], OR = 0.918) and remaining in treatment for greater than 180 days (coefficient = −0.3435, P < 0.001, 95% CI = [−0.371, −0.316], OR = 0.709) after accounting for covariates. Conclusions: Patients reporting homelessness at treatment entry in outpatient MOUD in the U.S. represent a clinically distinct and socially vulnerable population from those not reporting homelessness. Homelessness independently predicts poorer engagement in MOUD confirming that homelessness may be an independent predictor for MOUD treatment discontinuation nationally.
Diagnostic Value of Mean Platelet Volume and Platelet Distribution Width for Early-Onset Neonatal Infection
Authors: Nguyen Thi Thanh Binh , Truong Nguyen Ngoc Quynh , Pham Thi Ny 
Published: May 2023

Objective Neonatal sepsis remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. This study aimed to contribute to the research on whether mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW) can be used as diagnostic markers of early-onset neonatal infection (EONI). Methods This case-control study was conducted with 78 neonates diagnosed with EONI compared with 78 healthy controls in the neonatal care unit of the Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital, Vietnam, from October 2021 to September 2022. All neonates were assessed for maternal risk factors and by clinical examination. The complete blood count including white blood cells, platelets, MPV, and PDW was performed before antibiotic treatment. Results A total of 156 neonates were included in the study. MPV and PDW were significantly higher in the EONI group (10.09 ± 0.65 fL and 10.66 ± 1.22%, respectively) compared to the control group (9.73 ± 0.75 fL and 10.19 ± 1.16%; P <.05). An MPV of 10.0 fL was determined as the predictive cut-off value for EONI (sensitivity 67.7%; specificity 69.2%; Area Under the Curve [AUC] 0.636; P =.003). A PDW of 11.2% was determined as the predictive cut-off value for EONI (sensitivity 63.3%; specificity 87.2%, AUC 0.603; P <.05). Conclusion The findings suggest that MPV and PDW can be considered adjuvant predictors along with WBC and PLT to establish the early diagnosis of EONI.
Prevention of Skeletal-Related Events With Extended-Interval Denosumab: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Keisner Sidney Veach 
Published: May 2023

Objective: To review published clinical trial data related to efficacy and safety of administering denosumab at extended dosing intervals for prevention of skeletal-related events (SREs) in cancer patients. Data Sources: A literature search of PubMed was performed (January 2006 to February 2023) using the following search terms: denosumab, bone metastasis, bone lesions, and lytic lesions. Abstracts from conferences, article bibliographies, and product monographs were also reviewed. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Relevant English-language studies were considered. Data Synthesis: Early phase II denosumab trials included treatment arms that utilized extended-interval denosumab, and various retrospective reviews, meta-analyses, and prospective trials have included extended-interval regimens. Most recently, the ongoing randomized REDUSE trial is comparing the efficacy and safety of extended-interval denosumab to standard dosing. At this time, the best available data are restricted to small, randomized trials not designed to compare efficacy and safety of extended-interval denosumab to conventional dosing and did not use consistent endpoints. Furthermore, primary endpoints of available trials largely consisted of surrogate markers of efficacy that may not be reflective of clinical outcomes. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: Historically, denosumab has been dosed at 4-week intervals for prevention of SREs. If efficacy is maintained, extending the dosing interval could potentially reduce toxicity, drug cost, and clinic visits compared to every 4-week dosing. Conclusions: At this time, data demonstrating efficacy and safety of extended-interval denosumab remain limited, and the results of the REDUSE trial are eagerly anticipated to help answer remaining questions.