bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sociodemographic factors associated with tracheostomy and mortality in bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Smith Michael A. , Steurer Martina A. , Mahendra Malini , Zinter Matt S. , Keller Roberta L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesWe sought to investigate how race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status relate to tracheostomy insertion and post‐tracheostomy mortality among infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).MethodsThe Vizient Clinical Database/Resource Manager was queried to identify infants born ≤32 weeks with BPD admitted to US hospitals from January 2012 to December 2020. Markers of socioeconomic status were linked to patient records from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's Social Determinants of Health Database. Regression models were used to assess trends in annual tracheostomy insertion rate and odds of tracheostomy insertion and post‐tracheostomy mortality, adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical factors.ResultsThere were 40,021 ex‐premature infants included in the study, 1614 (4.0%) of whom received a tracheostomy. Tracheostomy insertion increased from 2012 to 2017 (3.1%–4.1%), but decreased from 2018 to 2020 (3.3%–1.6%). Non‐Hispanic Black infants demonstrated a 25% higher odds (aOR 1.25, 1.09–1.43) and Hispanic infants demonstrated a 20% lower odds (aOR 0.80, 0.65–0.96) of tracheostomy insertion compared with non‐Hispanic White infants. Patients receiving public insurance had increased odds of tracheostomy insertion (aOR 1.15, 1.03–1.30), but there was no relation between other metrics of socioeconomic status and tracheostomy insertion within our cohort. In‐hospital mortality among the tracheostomy‐dependent was 14.1% and was not associated with sociodemographic factors.ConclusionsDisparities in tracheostomy insertion are not accounted for by differences in socioeconomic status or the presence of additional neonatal morbidities. Post‐tracheostomy mortality does not demonstrate the same relationships. Further investigation is needed to explore the source and potential mitigators of the identified disparities.
Development and validation of a prediction model to predict school‐age asthma in preschool children
Authors: Zhao Yan , Patel Jenil , Xu Ximing , Zhang Guangli , Li Qinyuan , Yi Liangqin , Luo Zhengxiu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo develop and validate a clinical prediction model to identify school‐age asthma in preschool asthmatic children.Study DesignIn this retrospective prognosis cohort study, asthmatic children aged 3–5 years were enrolled with at least 2 years of follow‐up, and their potential variables at baseline and the prognosis of school‐age asthma were collected from medical records. A clinical prediction model was developed using Logistic regression. The performance of prediction model was assessed and quantified by discrimination of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and calibration of Brier score. The model was validated by the temporal‐validation method.ResultsIn the development dataset, 2748 preschool asthmatic children were included for model development, and 883 (32.13%) children were translated to school‐age asthma. The independent prognostic variables with an increased risk for school‐age asthma were used to develop the prediction model, including: age, parental asthma, early frequent wheezing, allergic rhinitis, eczema, allergic conjunctivitis, obesity, and aeroallergen of dust mite. While assessing model performance, the discrimination power of AUC was moderate [0.788 (0.770–0.805)] with sensitivity (81.5%) and specificity (60.9%), and the calibration of Brier score was 0.169, supporting the calibration ability. In the temporal‐validation dataset of 583 preschool asthmatic children, our model showed satisfactory discrimination (AUC 0.818) and calibration (Brier score 0.150). The prediction model was presented by the web‐based calculator (https://casthma.shinyapps.io/dynnomapp/) and a nomogram for clinical application.ConclusionIn preschool asthmatic children, our prediction model could be used to predict the risk of school‐age asthma.
Generalized homogeneous control with integral action
Authors: Zhou Yu , Polyakov Andrey , Zheng Gang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA generalized homogeneous control with integral action for a multiple‐input plant operating under uncertainty conditions is designed. The stability analysis is essentially based on a special version of the nonsmooth Lyapunov function theorem for differential equations with discontinuous right‐hand sides. A Lyapunov function for analysis of the closed‐loop system is presented. For negative homogeneity degree, this Lyapunov function becomes a strict Lyapunov function allowing an advanced analysis to be provided. In particular, the maximum control magnitude and the settling‐time of the closed‐loop system are estimated and a class of disturbances to be rejected by the control law is characterized. The control parameters are tuned by solving a system of Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs), whose feasibility is proved at least for small (close to zero) homogeneity degrees. The theoretical results are illustrated by numerical simulations.
A set of 99 healthy city indicators for application in urban planning and design
Authors: Ziafati Bafarasat Abbas , Cheshmehzangi Ali , Ankowska Ania 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDespite much interest in healthy, sustainable cities, currently they are often on the margins of urban planning and design, not the centre. Part of the reason for this is technical. Many planners are interested in designing healthier cities but wonder how to link their objectives with actions. This study develops 99 indicators for a healthy city. The basis for the development of indicators was the 11 objectives of a healthy city according to the World Health Organisation. Application of these indicators helps push healthy city objectives to the centre of urban planning and design in two ways: (I) the indicators can show gap with each objective; and (II) monitoring the indicators over time can show the performance of solutions for each objective. It is possible to explore synergies and trade‐offs between the 11 objectives of healthy cities by examining the relationships between their 99 indicators. Trade‐offs between healthy city objectives in some contexts might require local adjustment of these objectives. This, in turn, would require adjustment of their indicators. Thus, the set of 99 indicators can be used as a starting point in an iterative process of adapting healthy city objectives and indicators to local circumstances.
Identification of carbon‐containing phases in electrodeposited hard Fe–C coatings with intentionally codeposited carbon
Authors: Marcoen Kristof , Gauvin Mélanie , De Cleene Ansbert , Obitsø Nielsen Jacob , Baert Kitty , Terryn Herman , De Strycker Joost , Hauffman Tom , Pantleon Karen 
Published: January 2023

Electrodeposition from an environmentally friendly iron sulfate electrolyte with citric acid as carbon source has gained attention recently, because of excellent mechanical properties of the resulting Fe–C coatings with intentionally codeposited high‐carbon concentrations. While being very attractive as protective coatings and sustainable alternatives for hard chrome coatings, comprehensive understanding of the coatings' chemical constitution including the type and location of carbon‐containing phases is still lacking. The amount of codeposited carbon of up to about 0.8 wt.% significantly exceeds the solubility of carbon in ferrite, although carbon‐free ferrite is the only unambiguously reported phase in as‐deposited Fe–C coatings so far. In the present work, time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and soft X‐ray emission spectroscopy have been applied to identify the carbon‐containing phases, which are present as minor secondary phases in the coatings but are known to have an important influence on the coatings' properties. Three carbon‐containing phases could be distinguished, homogeneously distributed in the nanocrystalline ferrite base material. Iron acetates, amorphous carbon, and carbides were found in both as‐deposited and annealed Fe–C coatings up to 300°C, but their fraction changes during postdeposition annealing.
A dimer of the negatively charged carbonyl cluster {Ir4(CO)11−}2 bonded by a single Ir−Ir bond, and comparison with the singly bonded (C60−)2 dimer.
Authors: Sobov Pavel A. , Shestakov Alexander F. , Kuzmin Alexey V. , Khasanov Salavat S. , Otsuka Akihiro , Yamochi Hideki , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Konarev Dmitri V. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractReduction of the Ir4(CO)12 cluster by two equivalents of Cp*2Cr (Cp* is η5‐Me5C5) produces the (Cp*2Cr+)2{Ir4(CO)11−}2 ⋅ 4 C6H4Cl2 complex. Two Ir4(CO)11− anions are bonded by a single Ir−Ir bond in the anionic {Ir4(CO)11−}2 dimer. The bond length is 2.8339(5) Å at 100 K. Therefore, clusters can form metal‐metal bonded dimers under reduction. The {Ir4(CO)11−}2 dimers do not dissociate to paramagnetic species up to 340 K and even higher temperatures that indicates their high stability. DFT calculations show that dimerization of clusters can occur due to the loss of one CO group in neutral or anionic clusters. Dimerization of anionic transition metal cluster is to a certain extend similar to dimerization of negatively charged carbon cluster – fullerene C60⋅− and here we compare both types of dimers.
Feynman rules for forced wave turbulence
Authors: Rosenhaus Vladimir , Smolkin Michael 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIt has long been known that weakly nonlinear field theories can have a late-time stationary state that is not the thermal state, but a wave turbulent state with a far-from-equilibrium cascade of energy. We go beyond the existence of the wave turbulent state, studying fluctuations about the wave turbulent state. Specifically, we take a classical field theory with an arbitrary quartic interaction and add dissipation and Gaussian-random forcing. Employing the path integral relation between stochastic classical field theories and quantum field theories, we give a prescription, in terms of Feynman diagrams, for computing correlation functions in this system. We explicitly compute the two-point and four-point functions of the field to next-to-leading order in the coupling. Through an appropriate choice of forcing and dissipation, these correspond to correlation functions in the wave turbulent state. In particular, we derive the kinetic equation to next-to-leading order.
Softly broken symmetries in the 2HDM — an invariant formulation
Authors: Ferreira P. M. , Grzadkowski B. , Ogreid O. M. , Osland P. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Soft breaking of a symmetry requires an invariance of the dimension-4 part of the Lagrangian and non-trivial variation of the lower-dimensional part. However, in general, separation between the dim-4 and lower-dimensional Lagrangian is not invariant with respect to basis transformations of fields. Therefore, a natural question of the physical meaning of soft symmetry breaking arises. This problem is addressed here in the framework of two-Higgs-Doublet Models (2HDM). It has been shown, within these models, that in spite of the ambiguity corresponding to the separation between dim-4 and the lower-dimension Lagrangian, implications of the soft symmetry breaking could be formulated in terms of observables, i.e., they are physical and measurable. There are six global symmetries that can be imposed on the scalar sector of the generic 2HDM. Necessary and sufficient tree-level conditions for soft breaking of all of them have been formulated in terms of observables.
In vivo assessment of artefacts in MRI images caused by conventional twistflex and various fixed orthodontic CAD/CAM retainers
Authors: Roser Christoph J. , Hilgenfeld Tim , Saleem Muhammad Abdullah , Rückschloß Thomas , Heiland Sabine , Bendszus Martin , Lux Christopher J. , Juerchott Alexander 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To assess magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) artefacts caused by different computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) retainers in comparison with conventional hand bent stainless steel twistflex retainers in vivo.

Materials and methods
MRI scans (3 Tesla) were performed on a male volunteer with different CAD/CAM retainers (cobalt–chromium, CoCr; nickel–titanium, NiTi; grade 5 titanium, Ti5) and twistflex retainers inserted. A total of 126 landmarks inside and outside the retainer area (RA; from canine to canine) were evaluated by two blinded radiologists using an established five-point visibility scoring (1: excellent, 2: good, 3: moderate, 4: poor, 5: not visible). Friedman and two-tailed Wilcoxon tests were used for statistical analysis (significance level: p < 0.05).

Results
Twistflex retainers had the strongest impact on the visibility of all landmarks inside (4.0 ± 1.5) and outside the RA (1.7 ± 1.2). In contrast, artefacts caused by CAD/CAM retainers were limited to the dental area inside the RA (CoCr: 2.2 ± 1.2) or did not impair MRI-based diagnostics in a clinically relevant way (NiTi: 1.0 ± 0.1; Ti5: 1.4 ± 0.6).

Conclusion
The present study on a single test person demonstrates that conventional stainless steel twistflex retainers can severely impair the diagnostic value in head/neck and dental MRI. By contrast, CoCr CAD/CAM retainers can cause artefacts which only slightly impair dental MRI but not head/neck MRI, whereas NiTi and Ti5 CAD/CAM might be fully compatible with both head/neck and dental MRI.
Location-specific ASPECTS does not improve Outcome Prediction in Large Vessel Occlusion compared to Cumulative ASPECTS
Authors: Neuberger Ulf , Vollherbst Dominik F. , Ulfert Christian , Schönenberger Silvia , Herweh Christian , Nagel Simon , Ringleb Peter A. , Möhlenbruch Markus A. , Bendszus Martin , Vollmuth Philipp 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Individual regions of the Alberta Stroke Programme Early CT Score (ASPECTS) may contribute differently to the clinical symptoms in large vessel occlusion (LVO). Here, we investigated whether the predictive performance on clinical outcome can be increased by considering specific ASPECTS subregions.

Methods
A consecutive series of patients with LVO affecting the middle cerebral artery territory and subsequent endovascular treatment (EVT) between January 2015 and July 2020 was analyzed, including affected ASPECTS regions. A multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess the individual impact of ASPECTS regions on good clinical outcome (defined as modified Rankin scale after 90 days of 0–2). Machine-learning-driven logistic regression models were trained (training = 70%, testing = 30%) to predict good clinical outcome using i) cumulative ASPECTS and ii) location-specific ASPECTS, and their performance compared using deLong’s test. Furthermore, additional analyses using binarized as well as linear clinical outcomes using regression and machine-learning techniques were applied to thoroughly assess the potential predictive properties of individual ASPECTS regions and their combinations.

Results
Of 1109 patients (77.3 years ± 11.6, 43.8% male), 419 achieved a good clinical outcome and a median NIHSS after 24 h of 12 (interquartile range, IQR 4–21). Individual ASPECTS regions showed different impact on good clinical outcome in the multivariate logistic regression, with strongest effects for insula (odds ratio, OR 0.56, 95% confidence interval, CI 0.42–0.75) and M5 (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.29–0.97) regions. Accuracy (ACC) in predicting good clinical outcome of the test set did not differ between when considering i) cumulative ASPECTS and ii) location-specific ASPECTS (ACC = 0.619, 95% CI 0.58–0.64 vs. ACC = 0.629, 95% CI 0.60–0.65; p = 0.933).

Conclusion
Cumulative ASPECTS assessment in LVO remains a stable and reliable predictor for clinical outcome and is not inferior to a weighted (location-specific) ASPECTS assessment.
Investigation of material removal mechanisms of laser-structured Si3N4 via single diamond grit scratching
Authors: Paknejad Masih , Azarhoushang Bahman , Zahedi Ali , Khakrangin Mehdi , Kadivar Mohammad Ali 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGrinding hard-brittle materials like silicon nitride is faced with some challenges, including sub-surface damage, high tool wear, and low grinding efficiency. Ultrashort-pulse laser structuring of hard materials prior to the grinding process significantly reduces the cutting forces and temperature and increases the achievable material removal rate of the grinding process. These effects are partially due to controllable induced damages into the subsurface of the structured workpieces. However, the impacts of this surface structuring technique on the material removal mechanism of advanced ceramics, such as Si3N4, are not yet thoroughly investigated. The dominant material removal mechanism in grinding hard and brittle materials, such as silicon nitride (Si3N4), defines the surface integrity of the workpiece. For the first time, in-depth single diamond grit scratching experiments are carried out to investigate the changes in the dominant material removal mechanisms at various chip thicknesses by laser structuring of Si3N4. Two different structuring ratios (25% and 50%) were generated on sample surfaces by a femtosecond laser. The effects of laser structuring on material removal mechanism, pile-up area, area and width of the groove, grit path, normal and tangential forces, and specific cutting energy have been investigated. The results indicate that laser structuring considerably affects the reduction of depth ratio, normal (up to 89%) and tangential (up to 82%) forces, and specific cutting energy. The specific cutting energy of laser-structured Si3N4 workpieces converged to about 5 J/mm3, much lower than that of unstructured workpieces.
Cardiac magnetic resonance shows increased adverse ventricular remodeling in younger patients after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Guo Ruifeng , Wang Xiao , Guo Qian , Yan Yan , Gong Wei , Zheng Wen , Zhao Guanqi , Wang Hui , Xu Lei , Nie Shaoping 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Young patients account for about half of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients and display a unique risk profile compared with old patients. Whether these differences are related to disparities in ventricular remodeling remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate age-related differences in ventricular remodeling after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) for STEMI.

Methods
In this observational study, consecutive STEMI patients between October 2019 and March 2021 who underwent serial cardiovascular magnetic resonance at index admission (3 to 7 days) and 3 months after PPCI were enrolled. Adverse remodeling was defined as ≥ 10% enlargement in left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVi), while reverse remodeling was defined as a decrease in left ventricular end-systolic volume index (LVESVi) of more than 10%.

Results
A total of 123 patients were included and grouped into young (< 60 years, n = 71) and old (≥ 60 years, n = 52) patients. Despite generally similar baseline structural and infarct characteristics, LVESVi significantly decreased only in old patients during follow-up (p = 0.034). The incidence of adverse remodeling was higher (49.3% vs 30.8%, p = 0.039), while the incidence of reverse remodeling was lower (31.0% vs 53.8%, p = 0.011) in young compared with old patients. Younger age (< 60 years) was associated with a significantly higher risk of adverse remodeling (adjusted OR 3.51, 95% CI 1.41–8.74, p = 0.007) and lower incidence of reverse remodeling (adjusted OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.18–0.97, p = 0.046).

Conclusions
In STEMI patients undergoing PPCI, young patients are at a higher risk of adverse remodeling and less probably develop reverse remodeling than old patients. Equal or more attention should be paid to young patients with STEMI compared with their older counterparts.

Key Points
• In STEMI patients undergoing PPCI, young patients displayed unfavorable remodeling compared with old patients.
• Young patients are at a higher risk of adverse remodeling and less probably develop reverse remodeling than old patients.
• Equal or more attention should be paid to young patients compared with their older counterparts.
Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for management of hydrocephalus associated with Chiari malformation type II in children
Authors: El-Ghandour Nasser M. F. , Salama Mohamed M , Ghoneim Mohamed Adel , Attia Ahmed M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Hydrocephalus is commonly associated with Chiari malformation (CM) particularly CM type II. The traditional treatment of hydrocephalus in these patients has been cerebrospinal fluid diversion by shunts. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) has emerged as an alternative procedure in these patients.

Purpose
Assessment of the clinical and radiological outcomes of ETV in the management of hydrocephalus in children with CM II.

Methods
This is a prospective study conducted on 18 patients with CM II associated with hydrocephalus admitted to Cairo University hospitals between January 2020 and June 2021. These patients had been managed surgically by ETV. Clinical outcome was assessed based on improvement of manifestations of increased intracranial pressure while radiological outcome was based on the findings of postoperative computed tomography. In cases with early failure, serial lumbar puncture (LP) was performed for 2 days.

Results
ETV was performed as a secondary procedure in 4 cases. The overall success rate of the procedure was 72%, and its success rate as a secondary procedure was 100%. Serial LP was effective in decreasing early failure in 44.4% of cases. Radiological regression of hydrocephalic changes was detected in 50% of the cases.

Conclusion
ETV is an efficient and safe procedure in the treatment of hydrocephalus in children with Chiari malformation II, particularly when performed as a secondary procedure. Serial LP following the procedure increases the success rate in patients with early failure.
Healthcare-Seeking Behaviour Due to Cough in Finnish Elderly: Too Much and Too Little
Authors: Kaulamo Johanna Tuulikki , Lätti Anne Marika , Koskela Heikki Olavi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Cough-related healthcare-seeking has not been studied specifically in the elderly, although chronic cough is most prevalent among them. We studied the frequencies and predictors of any (≥ 1) and repeated (≥ 3) doctor’s visits due to any cough episode during the past year, and due to the current cough episode.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional email survey among a Finnish community-based elderly population. Participants with current cough and age ≥ 64 years were included in the analyses (n = 1109).

Results
The proportions of participants with ≥ 1 and ≥ 3 cough-related doctor’s visits during the past year were 25.9% and 7.1%, respectively. Repeated visitors accounted for 55.9% of the visits during the past year. These visits first increased with cough duration but decreased after 5 years. In the multivariate analysis, bronchiectasis [aOR 3.22 (CI95% 1.08–9.58)], asthma [2.62 (1.56–4.40)], chronic sputum production [1.61 (0.94–2.76)], low self-assessed health status [1.40 (1.04–1.88)] and Leicester Cough Questionnaire total score [1.34 per tertile (1.10–1.62)] predicted repeated cough-related doctor’s visits during the past year. The proportions of ≥ 1 and ≥ 3 doctor’s visits due to current cough were 31.8% and 15.5%, respectively. Among participants with current chronic cough, 60.1% had not visited a doctor.

Conclusion
A minority of participants accounted for most of the cough-related doctor’s visits during the past year, whereas most participants with chronic cough had never sought medical help for it. The heavy healthcare users were not those with the longest cough episodes. Repeated visitors due to cough were characterised by chronic phlegmy respiratory conditions, and quality-of-life impairment.