bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning-driven power prediction in continuous extrusion of pure titanium for enhanced structural resilience under extreme loading
Authors: Abdulameer Ahmed Ghazi , Mrah Muhannad M. , Bazerkan Maryam , Al-Haddad Luttfi A. , Al-Karkhi Mustafa I. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe increasing demand for advanced materials capable of withstanding extreme loading conditions, such as those encountered during impact or blast events, underscores the need for innovative approaches in material processing. This study focuses on leveraging machine learning (ML) to enhance predictive accuracy in the continuous extrusion of CP-Titanium Grade 2, a material vital for structural resilience in critical applications. Specifically, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model optimized using Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) was introduced to forecast power requirements with high precision. The analysis utilized a published dataset that comprises theoretical, numerical, and experimental power calculations as a robust foundation for validation and comparison. A visualization highlighted the influence of process parameters, such as feedstock temperature and extrusion wheel velocity, on structural performance to align with the thematic focus of resilient material design. The ANN-SGD model achieved an RMSE of 0.9954 and a CVRMSE of 11.53% which demonstrated significant improvements in prediction accuracy compared to traditional approaches. By achieving superior alignment with experimental results, the model validated its efficacy as a reliable and efficient tool for understanding and optimizing complex manufacturing processes. This research emphasizes the potential of ML to revolutionize material processing for extreme conditions and contribute to the broader goals of structural resilience and sustainable manufacturing.
Interplay of Magnetic Reconnection and Current Sheet Kink Instability in the Earth's Magnetotail
Authors: Cozzani G. , Alho M. , Zaitsev I. , Zhou H. , Hoilijoki S. , Turc L. , Grandin M. , Horaites K. , Battarbee M. , Pfau‐Kempf Y. , Ganse U. , Papadakis K. , Palmroth M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMagnetic reconnection and current sheet kink instability often develop concurrently in current sheets, yet their dynamic interplay remains unclear. We investigate their interaction in the magnetotail of a 3D global magnetospheric hybrid‐Vlasov simulation. We identify the instability growth and saturation phase and estimate the evolution of the reconnection rate during the same interval. Our findings indicate that the reconnection rate decreases during the instability growth phase, especially at locations where the current sheet undergoes significant perturbations. These results highlight the intricate three‐dimensional relationship between reconnection and kink instabilities, suggesting that the kink instability plays a significant role in modulating the reconnection rate.
Tidal Modulation of the Fraser River Plume
Authors: Li Shumin , Pawlowicz Rich 
Published: January 2025

AbstractProperties of the Fraser River plume in the Strait of Georgia, BC, are significantly influenced by the tide. However, the dynamics and magnitude of this tidal influence on the plume area are not known. Here, we use 17 years of daily satellite observations of suspended particulate matter to understand the tidal variability of the plume area. A consistent inverse relationship between the Fraser River plume area and the tidal elevation with a phase lag of 1–2 hr is revealed from two independent analyses: one by correcting for temporal aliasing and extracting tidal signal from the whole image set and the other using only same‐day image pairs. The plume area increases/decreases by about 20% after ebb/flood tides, and a lower river discharge typically leads to a more dramatic tidal variation in the plume area. A simple analytical model based on the volume conservation and salinity balance equations is developed to analyze the mechanism of the tidal variability in the plume size. The observed tidal patterns of the plume area are largely reproduced using tidally modulated plume salinity (observed from instrumented ferries) and river discharge (from numerical model outputs). Tidal flux in both river discharge and entrainment rate is found to be important in explaining plume area variability.
Projections of Heavy Precipitation Characteristics Over the Greater Alpine Region Using a Kilometer–Scale Climate Model Ensemble
Authors: Estermann Rebekka , Rajczak Jan , Velasquez Patricio , Lorenz Ruth , Schär Christoph 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study presents a detailed analysis of the CORDEX‐FPS multi‐model ensemble of convection‐permitting climate simulations over the greater Alpine region. These simulations cover 10‐year time slices and were obtained by downscaling global climate model (GCM) projections, using regional climate models (RCMs) and kilometer‐scale convection‐permitting models (CPMs). Our analysis over the Alpine area agrees with previous studies in terms of projected summer precipitation changes for the end of the century, in particular regarding a decrease in mean precipitation and increases in hourly precipitation intensities. In addition, we assess projected changes over different subregions, provide analyses at monthly and seasonal basis for temporal aggregations ranging from 1 hr to 5 days, address different extreme precipitation indices, and present validation against an Alpine‐scale daily precipitation data set and an hourly precipitation product based on 3 Doppler radars. The evaluation reveals that CPMs show a refinement of spatial patterns, reduce the overestimation of precipitation frequency, and better capture intense precipitation characteristics. The improvements are especially apparent on the sub‐daily scale and in the summer season. Convection‐Permitting Model climate projections show an increase in precipitation intensity for all seasons and across all temporal aggregations in all regions, except for the Mediterranean in summer. The projections from different CPMs qualitatively agree, despite significant differences in the GCMs circulation changes, suggesting that the increase in heavy events is primarily due to thermodynamic effects. We also present a hypothesis explaining why projections of relative changes in hourly precipitation percentiles are similar between CPMs and RCMs, despite large biases in RCMs.
A UK population-based case-control study of blood tests before cancer diagnosis in patients with non-specific abdominal symptoms
Authors: Rafiq Meena , White Becky , Barclay Matthew , Abel Gary , Renzi Cristina , Lyratzopoulos Georgios 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Abnormal results in commonly used primary care blood tests could be early markers of cancer in patients presenting with non-specific abdominal symptoms.

Methods
Using linked data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) and national cancer registry we compared blood test use and abnormal results from the 24-months pre-diagnosis in 10,575 cancer patients (any site), and 52,875 matched-controls aged ≥30 presenting, with abdominal pain or bloating to primary care.

Results
Cancer patients had two-fold increased odds of having a blood test (odds ratio(OR):1.51–2.29) and 2-3-fold increased odds of having an abnormal blood test result (OR:2.42–3.30) in the year pre-diagnosis compared to controls. Raised inflammatory markers were the most common abnormality (74–79% of tested cases). Rates of blood test use and abnormal results progressively increased from 7 months pre-diagnosis in cancer patients, with relatively small corresponding increases in symptomatic controls. In cancer patients, the largest increases from baseline were raised platelets in males with abdominal pain (increased 33-fold), raised white blood cell count in males with abdominal bloating (increased 37-fold) and low albumin in females with either symptom (increased 22–41 fold).

Conclusions
Common blood test abnormalities are early signals of cancer in some individuals with non-specific abdominal symptoms and could support expedited cancer diagnosis.
Sequential addition of cations increases photoluminescence quantum yield of metal nanoclusters near unity
Authors: Wang Xue , Zhong Yuan , Li Tingting , Wang Kunyu , Dong Weinan , Lu Min , Zhang Yu , Wu Zhennan , Tang Aiwei , Bai Xue 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPhotoluminescence is one of the most intriguing properties of metal nanoclusters derived from their molecular-like electronic structure, however, achieving high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of metal core-dictated fluorescence remains a formidable challenge. Here, we report efficient suppression of the total structural vibrations and rotations, and management of the pathways and rates of the electron transfer dynamics to boost a near-unity absolute PLQY, by decorating progressive addition of cations. Specifically, with the sequential addition of Zn2+, Ag+, and Tb3+ into the 3-mercaptopropionic acids capped Au nanoclusters (NCs), the low-frequency vibration of the metal core progressively decreases from 144.0, 55.2 to 40.0 cm−1, and the coupling strength of electrons-high-frequency vibration related to surface motifs gradually diminishes from 40.2, 30.5 to 14.4 meV. Moreover, introducing cation additives significantly reduces electron transfer time from 40, 27 to 12 ps in the pathway from staple motifs to the metal core. This benefits from the shrinkage of the total structure that speeds up the shell-core electron transition, and in particular, the Tb3+ provides a hopping platform for the excited electrons as their intrinsic ladder-like energy level structure. As a result, it allows a remarkable enhancement in PLQY, from 51.2%, 83.4%, up to 99.5%.
From 2D kaolinite to 3D amorphous cement
Authors: Carrio Juan A. G. , Donato Ricardo K. , Carvalho Alexandra , Koon Gavin K. W. , Donato Katarzyna Z. , Yau Xin Hui , Kosiachevskyi Dmytro , Lim Karen , Ravi Vedarethinam , Joy Josny , Goh Kelda , Emiliano Jose Vitorio , Lombardi Jerome E. , Neto A. H. Castro 
Published: January 2025

AbstractKaolinite is a single 2D layer of kaolin or metakaolin (MK), common clays that can be characterized as layered 3D materials. We show that because of its chemical composition, kaolinite can be converted into an amorphous 3D material by chemical means. This dimensional transformation is possible due to the large surface to volume ratio and chemical reactivity of kaolinite. We investigate the formation and influence of quasi- or nanocrystalline phases in MK-based alkali-activated materials (AAM) that are related to the Si/Al ratio. We analyze the formation of an AAM from a MK precursor, which is a 3D bonded network that preserves the layered structure at the nanometer scale. We also exfoliate the remaining layered phase to examine the effects of the alkali-activation in the final sheet structures embedded within the amorphous network. The final material can be used as a cement with no carbon dioxide produced by the transformation reaction.
Preparation and mechanical performance of fluorite tailings geopolymer precursor under alkaline heat activation
Authors: Qiu Hao , Su Hongtao , Liu Hengyuan , Guo Zhijian , Zhang Huifang , Ma Juntao , Wang Xiao 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAs one of the bulk solid wastes in the Yellow River basin in China, fluorite tailings urgently need to be utilized as resources. In this paper, NaOH and Na2CO3 were used for alkali thermal activation of ground fluorite tailings under different temperature conditions, and the reactivity was analyzed by XRD, SEM and compressive strength after hydration, so as to evaluate the feasibility of fluorite tailings as geopolymer precursor. The results show that the fluorite tailings can exhibit certain reactivity under alkaline heat excitation, and significant amorphous glass phase can be detected. The better heat excitation temperature is 1000 °C, while there is not enough amorphous glass phase for hydration reaction at the lower or higher temperature. The compressive strength of the tailings harden paste can reach 7.2 MPa at 28d after excitation with 50%NaOH at 1000 °C, which is expected to be used as geopolymer precursor after excitation.
Ecofriendly spectrophotometric methods for simultaneous determination of remdesivir and moxifloxacin hydrochloride as co administered drugs in corona virus treatment
Authors: Madbouly Eman A. , El-Shanawani Abdalla A. , El-adl Sobhy M. , Abdelkhalek Ahmed S. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRemdesivir and moxifloxacin hydrochloride are among the most frequently co-administered drugs used for COVID-19 treatment. The current work aims to evaluate green spectrophotometric methodologies for estimating remdesivir and moxifloxacin hydrochloride in different matrices for the first time. The proposed approaches were absorbance subtraction, extended ratio subtraction and amplitude modulation methods. In order to determine the absorbance of the investigated medications in combination at the isoabsorptive point, the pure moxifloxacin hydrochloride absorbance factor is applied using the absorbance subtraction method, which modifies the zero absorption spectra of the drugs under investigation at the isoabsorptive point (229 nm). The spectrum of moxifloxacin hydrochloride is more extended in the plateau area between 340 and 400 nm, where remdesivir exhibits no absorption. So, also, the ratio spectra were successfully manipulated for quantification of the two drugs. Regarding the pharmacokinetic profile of remdesivir (Cmax 4420 ng/mL) and moxifloxacin hydrochloride (Cmax 3.56 µg/mL), the proposed methods were effectively used to spectrophotometrically determine remdesivir and moxifloxacin hydrochloride in plasma matrix. The new approach was validated using the ICH guidelines for specificity, linearity, precision, and accuracy. The greenness of the reported methodologies was evaluated using two metrics: the analytical eco-scale and the green analytical procedure index.
A pilot study on the effects of olfactory stimulation with white musk aromatic oil on psychophysiological activity: a crossover study
Authors: Zennifa Fadilla , Nakashima Taisuke , Xu Yanli , Koshio Saki , Tomimatsu Erika , Isa Akiko , Satake Katsuya , Kishida Fumi , Shimizu Kuniyoshi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractStudies on the compounds of aromatic oils and their effects on psychophysiological changes in humans are often conducted separately. To obtain better validation, a suitable protocol is needed that can be extrapolated to large-scale olfactory stimulation experiments. Unfortunately, this type of study is still rarely performed. In this situation, we propose a randomized crossover pilot study on olfactory stimulation with aromatic oils in relation to changes in psychophysiological activity by focusing on white musk aromatic oil due to its popularity in the community. Chemical profiling by TDU-GC-MS (thermal desorption gas chromatography/mass spectrometry) was performed to understand the compounds of the aromatic oils presented. To understand the changes in the participants’ impressions and mood states, POMS 2 (Profile of Mood States 2nd Edition) and VAS (Visual analogue scale) were performed in addition to physiological evaluation by using EEG (electroencephalogram), ECG (electrocardiogram) and salivary amylase measurements. The proposed pilot study showed “gorgeous”, “sweet”, and “like” impression toward white musk aromatic oil under VAS evaluation. Mood evaluation under POMS 2 variables such as Fatigue-Inertia (FI), Tension-anxiety (TA) and TMD (total mood disturbance) were significantly decreased under white musk aromatic oil inhalation. Under current protocol, we can also see the changes in autonomic activity and brain activity during olfactory stimulation. This pilot study could be the first step towards a larger sample size experiment on olfactory stimulation. This experiment has been registered to UMIN Clinical Trials Registry with register ID : UMIN000051972 on 24/08/2023.
Dynamics and development of interhemispheric conflict solving in pigeons
Authors: Manns Martina , Haselhuhn Kevin , Freund Nadja 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe dominance of one hemisphere for cognitive operations and decision making may be an efficient mechanism solving interhemispheric conflicts. To understand the ecological significance of the so-called metacontrol, we need better knowledge of its frequency and ontogenetic foundations. Since in pigeons, embryonic light experiences influence degree and direction of interhemispheric specialization and communication, it is conceivable that light affects metacontrol mechanisms. We therefore trained pigeons (Columba livia) with and without embryonic light stimulation in a colour discrimination task. Each eye/hemisphere learnt a different set of colours. After training, hemispheric-specific information was put into conflict and the analysis of conflict decision pattern allowed the identification of hemispheric dominance under binocular and monocular viewing conditions. A majority of pigeons displayed individual metacontrol independent of embryonic light experiences though not in the first test session. Reaction times indicate that interhemispheric mechanisms are critically involved in mediating the dominance of one hemisphere. The impact of interhemispheric components rises with increasing experience and even affects decision making under monocular seeing conditions. Overall results indicate that the hemispheres do not evaluate information independently and that interhemispheric communication in the pigeon brain is much stronger than previously thought and becomes more important with increasing experience.
Results from the PROmoting Early Childhood Outside cluster randomized trial evaluating an outdoor play intervention in early childhood education centres
Authors: Ramsden Rachel , Mount Dawn , Lin Yingyi , Fox Emily , Herrington Susan , Loebach Janet , Cox Adina , Bundy Anita , Fyfe-Johnson Amber , Hansen Sandseter Ellen Beate , Stone Michelle , Tremblay Mark S. , Brussoni Mariana 
Published: January 2025

AbstractParticipation in outdoor play is beneficial for the health, well-being, and development of children. Early childhood education centers (ECECs) can provide equitable access to outdoor play. The PROmoting Early Childhood Outside (PRO-ECO) study is a pilot randomized trial that evaluates the PRO-ECO intervention on children’s outdoor play participation. The PRO-ECO intervention included four components: ECEC outdoor play policy; educator training; ECEC outdoor space modification; and parent engagement. This study included eight ECECs delivering licensed care to children (n = 217) aged 2.5 to 6 years in Greater Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Using a wait-list control cluster randomized trial design, ECECs were randomly allocated to either the intervention arm (n = 4) or the wait-list control arm (n = 4). Change in the proportion and diversity of observed outdoor play behaviour during scheduled outdoor time was measured. Outcome data were collected at baseline, 6-month follow-up, and 12-month follow-up. The intervention effect on children’s outdoor play participation was examined using logistic regression mixed effect models. Controlling for gender, weather and temperature, there were no changes in children’s outdoor play participation following implementation of the PRO-ECO intervention in the between-group analysis. Within-group comparisons also revealed no change in play participation following the PRO-ECO intervention, however, the intervention group showed a positive effect (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 0.97, 1.70) in play participation 6 months after implementation of the intervention. The findings indicate that further analyses on child- and ECEC-level outcomes collected as part of the PRO-ECO study, including the diversity of children’s play, is required to effectively assess the impact of this intervention.
Mitigating anthropogenic climate change with aqueous green energy
Authors: Olim Sophia T. , Nickoloff Anna , Moffat Leslie J. , Weaver Andrew J. , Eby Michael 
Published: January 2025

AbstractReaching net zero emissions and limiting global warming to 2 °C requires the widespread introduction of technology-based solutions to draw down existing atmospheric levels and future emissions of CO2. One such approach is direct air CO2 capture and storage (DACCS), a readily available, yet energy-intensive process. The combination of DACCS and ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) allows for independently powered carbon capture plants to inject concentrated carbon into deep marine sediments where storage is generally safe and permanent. OTEC is a form of electricity production that exploits the temperature difference between deep and shallow ocean waters, and can power DACCS on floating platforms at a price competitive with coal-generated electricity. Here we highlight the scale of the challenge facing society. We show that a safe and sustainable level of OTEC-generated electricity powering DACCS for 70 years could result in up to a 35% decrease in the relative global mean temperature warming compared to a business-as-usual emissions scenario.
Climate proofing of public procurement: a gap to be filled
Authors: Bernardini Chiara , Máñez Costa María , Molinari Francesco 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
There is a lack of operable methods, criteria and tools that enable public authorities to purchase goods, services and works that contribute to both climate change mitigation and adaptation. Based on our experience as coordinators of 8 public procurement procedures within an ongoing Horizon Europe project, we suggest a new approach to climate proofing of public procurement, identify urgent research developments and recommend the amendment of public procurement policies to incorporate new criteria.
Strategic design of vacancies and phase in flexible MoS2 for boosting triiodide reduction performance
Authors: Cai Xu , Wang Xuan , Sun Bixue , Yang Chenzhao , Chen Mingzhu , Lu Shuang , Wang Yinglin , Zhang Xintong 
Published: January 2025

The Mo vacancies were introduced into the flexible MoS2 film by H2O2 etching. The synergistic effect increases the number of active sites and improves electron transfer, thus facilitating the triiodide reduction reaction.
Longitudinal velocity control of autonomous driving based on extended state observer
Authors: Gao Hongbo , Yang Hanqing , Zhang Xiaoyu , Ren Xiangyun , Liang Fenghua , Yan Ruidong , Liu Qingchao , Hu Mingmao , Zhang Fang , Gao Jiabing , Bao Siyu , Li Keqiang , Li Deyi , Wang Danwei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractActive Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) possesses robust disturbance rejection capabilities, making it well‐suited for longitudinal velocity control. However, the conventional Extended State Observer (ESO) in ADRC fails to fully exploit feedback from first‐order and higher‐order estimation errors and tracking error simultaneously, thereby diminishing the control performance of ADRC. To address this limitation, an enhanced car‐following algorithm utilising ADRC is proposed, which integrates the improved ESO with a feedback controller. In comparison to the conventional ESO, the enhanced version effectively utilises multi‐order estimation and tracking errors. Specifically, it enhances convergence rates by incorporating feedback from higher‐order estimation errors and ensures the estimated value converges to the reference value by utilising tracking error feedback. The improved ESO significantly enhances the disturbance rejection performance of ADRC. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is validated through the Lyapunov approach and experiments.