bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IMPACT OF AN ONLINE SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE TRAINING PROGRAM ON CUSTODIAL GRANDMOTHERS’ WELL-BEING
Authors: Dolbin-MacNab Megan , Smith Gregory , Infurna Frank , Webster Britney , Hu Luxin , Castro Saul , Crowley Max , Musil Carol 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Despite widespread evidence that the circumstances leading to care, combined with the stress of full-time parenting, have profound effects on psychological, physical, and social functioning of custodial grandmothers (CGM) and their adolescent grandchildren (GC), evidence-based interventions for these families are scarce. To address this gap, we conducted a randomized clinical trial (RCT) with 349 nationally recruited CGMs which compared an online social intelligence training intervention (SIT; n=185) to an attention-control (AC; n=164) condition. The SIT focused on enhancing CGMs’ capacity to develop and sustain positive social ties; an important goal since working models of attachment and caregiving are challenged and re-shaped by the off-time and demanding nature of parenting a GC. To investigate initial impact of SIT, we conducted multi-domain latent difference score models (Mplus 8) on a full intent-to-treat basis comparing the two RCT conditions on changes across key outcomes from baseline to immediate post-intervention. In comparison to AC, SIT yielded statistically significant improvement in CGMs’ depressed affect, self-esteem, relationship quality with the GC, and attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety with GC. Contrary to expectations, no significant differences were found between the two conditions on outcomes indicative of social competence (e.g., perspective taking, social awareness, social information processing, social self-monitoring). We conclude that CGMs may have applied information obtained from the SIT primarily to their relationship with GC. Our findings point to the potential benefits of the self-guided SIT, given that it can be delivered online and therefore has widespread reach to a vulnerable population. [Funded by R01AG054571]
MEASURING OLDER ADULT LONELINESS ACROSS COUNTRIES
Authors: Newmyer Lauren , Verdery Ashton , Margolis Rachel , Pessin Lea 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The topic of older adult loneliness commands increasing media and policy attention around the world. Are surveys of aging equipped to measure it? We assess the measurement of loneliness in large-scale aging studies in 31 countries. In each country, we document available loneliness measures, examine correlations between different measures, and assess how these correlations differ by gender and age group. There is substantial heterogeneity in available measures of loneliness across countries. Within countries with multiple measures, the correlations between measures are high (range .38-.78). Differences by age and gender group are relatively small. Correlations between loneliness measures and living alone and being without a spouse are positive and similar in magnitude across countries, supporting construct validity. We establish that even single-item measures of loneliness contribute meaningful information in diverse contexts, with reliable and consistent measurement properties within many countries.
MULTIDIMENSIONAL SLEEP HEALTH AND RECURRENT FALLS: THE OSTEOPOROTIC FRACTURES IN MEN STUDY (MROS)
Authors: Cauley Jane , Harrison Stephanie , Cawthon Peggy , Kubala Andrew , Ensrud Kristine , Crandall Carolyn , Buysse Daniel , Stone Katie 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Prospective studies have reported associations between individual dimensions of sleep and subsequent falls. Considering sleep as a multidimensional construct may provide a more comprehensive assessment. Using data from the MrOS Sleep study, we calculated a multidimensional index of sleep, operationalized as the number of disturbances in 5 dimensions of sleep (self-reported “poor”: satisfaction, duration, daytime sleepiness, latency and sleep midpoint) and categorized as: 0, 1-2, &gt;=3. A total of 3111 men, mean age 76.4 years, were studied. Logistic regression generalized estimating equations were used to model repeated measures of annually self-reported recurrent falls (≥2 falls) over 4 years of follow-up. Compared to men with no poor sleep dimensions, the Odds Ratio (OR) of recurrent falls in men with scores of 1 or 2 was 1.13 (95% Confidence Intervals, 0.96, 1.34), and in men with scores &gt;3, the OR was 1.46(1.15, 1.84). Worse multidimensional sleep health was associated with recurrent falls.
DOES RESILIENCE OR SES PREDICT OLDER ADULTS FINDING A SILVER LINING DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC?
Authors: Wilder Jocelyn , Lauderdale Diane , Finch Laura , Hawkley Louise 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has stretched our limits physically, mentally, and economically; however, some older adults report that it led to a positive life change. We used data from the NSHAP COVID-19 supplement to understand whether resilience and SES (both measured in 2015-16) are predictors of older adults’ likelihood of endorsing a positive change during the pandemic. Additionally, we examined whether resilience and SES predict specific positive changes described in open-ended responses. Higher education significantly predicted reporting a positive change during the pandemic. Adjusting for resilience (OR 1.0, p= 0.185), the odds of endorsing any positive change were 1.9 times higher for those with an associate degree (p=0.027) and 3.3 times higher for those with a bachelor’s degree or higher (p&lt;0.001) compared to those who did not complete high school. Specific positive change domains also differed by SES. Additional research is needed to understand how SES and benefit-finding contribute to well-being.
FINANCIAL SCAMS TARGETING OLDER ADULTS DURING COVID-19
Authors: Beach Scott , Czaja Sara , Schulz Richard , Loewenstein David , Lichtenberg Peter 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The COVID pandemic afforded financial scammers with new opportunities to target older adults. This paper presents data from a telephone survey conducted June–September, 2020 with 380 participants from a larger National Institute of Aging study examining financial exploitation among older adults. The survey assessed COVID-related scams in three areas: (1) products, testing, treatments; (2) financial assistance (e.g., stimulus checks); and (3) charities. Questions focused on scam exposure / attempts, mode of contact, responses, and whether the older adult reported it to someone. The sample (284 Pittsburgh; 96 New York City) was 64% female; mean age = 73.6; and 47% White, 41% African American, 12% Hispanic. Across all scam types, 18.4% reported scam attempts / exposure; 24% of those exposed engaged / responded without getting scammed (11%); or were actually scammed (13%); and 40% told someone about it. The most frequent modes of contact were: telephone (54%), internet / email (40%), or mail (29%). Controlling for socio-demographics, participants from NYC were more likely to be exposed (OR = 1.91; p=.036); as were those reporting more loneliness (8-item UCLA scale; OR = 1.06; p=.042); and those reporting that COVID had worsened their emotional well-being to a greater extent (OR = 1.57; p=.032). Older adults who were more socially isolated / lonely were also more likely to have been scammed and less like to tell anyone about it. Psychosocial factors play an important role in exposure and response to scams during pandemics. Implications for policy, intervention, and general scam susceptibility are discussed.
CHARACTERIZING AVOIDABILITY OF NURSING HOME RESIDENTS: COMPARING THE CLAIMS-BASED ALGORITHM AND NURSE ASSESSMENT
Authors: Blackburn Justin , Carnahan Jennifer , Hickman Susan , Sachs Greg , Unroe Kathleen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The elevated risks associated with transferring nursing home residents to the hospital are problematic, but identifying which transfers can be avoided is complex. Using billing claims to determine “avoidability” based on hospital discharge diagnostic codes ignores resource constraints, clinical comorbidities, and asymmetrical information between nursing home staff making the transfer decision at the onset of clinical changes and hospital billing departments following treatment and diagnostic procedures. Conversely, relying on clinical staff assessments at the time of transfer may be an impractical and resource-intensive strategy to drive payment reform and improve quality. Using Medicare claims data representing emergency department and hospitalization transfers from 38 nursing facilities in Indiana from 2016-2020, we compared classification of transfers using a claims-based algorithm and trained nurse assessments of avoidability. Among 960 transfers, nurses judged 48.4% were potentially avoidable while 30.8% were classified as such using claims data. Of concordant assessments, 15.3% were avoidable and 36.0% as not avoidable. Of discordant assessments, 33.1% were judged avoidable by nurses only and 15.5% via the claims-based algorithm (Kappa=0.0153). Discordance was most frequent among transfers with heart failure (64%, n=42), psychosis (74.5%, n=34), acute renal disease (50%, n=28); and lowest among urinary tract infections (31.3%, n=64). No resident demographic or clinical characteristics were associated with discordance (age, race, sex, cognitive function scale, activities of daily living, or CHESS scale). High discordance in determining avoidability may be driven by presentation of symptoms or other condition-specific factors. Policies to reduce avoidable hospitalizations must not rely on overly simplistic approaches for identification.
HEALTH RISKS AMONG OLDER ADULTS ACCORDING TO PRIMARY LANGUAGE: EVIDENCE FROM MEDICARE ANNUAL WELLNESS VISITS
Authors: Alsulaily Amjed , Berg Kristen , Luezas-Shamakian Lorella , Einstadter Douglas , Perzynski Adam 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that older adults benefit from the Medicare Annual Wellness Visit (AWV). Lind and colleagues found that between 2011 and 2016, utilization of the AWV increased from 8.1% to 23.0%. However, compared with non-Hispanic whites, AWV utilization is 11.6% points lower for Hispanic/Latinos and 10.2% lower for non-Hispanic Blacks. AWV differences by primary language have not been previously reported. We examined the rate of AWV utilization for older adults with English vs. Limited English Proficiency (LEP) among patients seen at a large urban health system in northeastern Ohio. Using Bonferroni-corrected chi-square and t-tests, we also evaluated the association between LEP and health risks (e.g., depression, falls, activities of daily living, cognitive status) assessed during the AWV. Using the electronic health record, we identified 41,262 Medicare patients aged 65+ who were eligible for the AWV. Of those identified, 42.8% completed an AWV between 2019 to 2021. Persons who were white (41.7%), Hispanic (37%), male (39.9%), Spanish-speaking (37.2%) or other LEP (41.2%) had lower utilization of AWVs (p&lt;.001). Pain and fatigue ratings, depressive symptoms, and oral health problems and were similar between language groups, while cognitive impairment (p&lt;.001), functional independence (p&lt;.001), and self-rated health (p&lt;.001) were substantially worse among non-English speakers. LEP is associated with a lower rate of AWV utilization and worse self-rated health. A clearer understanding of how speaking a different language from that in which the AWV is conducted is important for clarifying discrepancies and disparities in minority population health.
TRENDS IN FALL-RELATED EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT VISITS INVOLVING ALCOHOL AMONG OLDER ADULTS: 2011–2020
Authors: Haddad Yara , Bergen Gwen , Shakya Iju , Yuan Keming , Law Royal , Moreland Briana , Haileyesus Tadesse 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Falls disproportionately affect older adults (≥65) resulting in three million emergency department (ED) visits annually. The relationship between alcohol and falls is unclear, but side effects of alcohol consumption include gait and balance impairments, which are risk factors for falls. This study examined trends of older adult fall-related ED visits involving alcohol from 2011-2020. Alcohol data are not routinely collected during ED visits. Alcohol involvement was identified from National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program free-text narratives using natural language processing and text analytic techniques. Joinpoint regression was used and cross-validated with SAS to determine significant older adult fall changes from 2011-2020 by sex and to compare older adult trends to adults &lt; 65 (20-34, 35-54, 55-64). From 2011-2020, 2.2% of all ED visits for older adult falls involved alcohol. Alcohol-involved fall ED visit rates for older adults increased annually by 7.2% (95%CI:6.1%-8.4%). These older adult ED visit rates increased by 6.8% (95%CI:5.4%-8.2%) for males and 7.4% (95%CI:6.0%-8.9%) for females annually. For adults aged 20-34 and 35-54, alcohol-involved fall ED visit rates increased annually by 1.3% (95%CI:0.1%-2.6%) and 3.8% (95%CI:2.7%-5.0%), respectively, until 2017 and then decreased by 4.4% (95%CI:1.2%-7.5%) and 4.0% (95%CI:0.3%-7.5%). For adults aged 55-64, ED visit rates increased annually by 8.5% (95%CI:6.8%-10.2%) until 2018 and then stabilized. Documenting alcohol use when treating falls is important for monitoring trends. Assessing alcohol use in conjunction with assessments for other fall risk factors can inform healthcare providers on effective strategies to recommend to reduce fall risk.
OLDER ADULTS' WORK DISRUPTIONS IN APRIL/MAY 2020: IMPLICATIONS FOR WORK STATUS AND MENTAL HEALTH OVER 6 MONTHS
Authors: Abrams Leah , Finlay Jessica , Kobayashi Lindsay 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Using the COVID-19 Coping Study, we sought to determine how work disruptions for older adults in April/May 2020 related to labor force status in September/October 2020 and mental health throughout those six months (N=2,367). One-third of respondents who lost their job in April/May were unemployed at the end of follow-up, while 15% were unemployed after furloughs and 9% after reduced hours/income. One-quarter of those furloughed in April/May were out of the labor force at follow-up – evidence of a potential pathway from furloughs into retirement. Being employed at follow-up was most common after work-from-home in April/May (90%). Multi-level models revealed differences in mental health trajectories over six months according to baseline work disruptions, including persistently high anxiety following job loss and delayed upticks in anxiety and depressive symptoms when working from home. This research provides insights into longer-term economic and mental health ramifications of pandemic-related work disruptions among older workers.
SOCIAL PLACES: SHIFTING NEIGHBORHOOD PERCEPTIONS AMONG AGING AMERICANS DURING COVID-19
Authors: Meltzer Gabriella , O'Shea Brendan , Esposito Michael , Kobayashi Lindsay , Westrick Ashly , Finlay Jessica 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study examines individual and community factors related to older adults’ perceived losses in places to socialize with people of similar and different ages in their neighborhoods during COVID-19. In the 11-month wave of the COVID-19 Coping Study from March-April 2021, responses to perceived availability were “Less,” “About the Same,” or “More.” Most respondents reported less availability in places to socialize with those of similar (68.0%) or different (68.4%) ages. Ordinal logistic regressions showed respondents who lived alone perceived less availability in places to socialize with those of similar or different ages than those living with others (ORs 0.67, 95% CI 0.47, 0.97). Those living in metropolitan compared to non-metropolitan areas also perceived less availability in places to socialize with those of similar ages (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.39, 0.98). These findings enhance our understanding of COVID-19-related losses in community resources that facilitate healthy aging in place.
PRESIDENTIAL SYMPOSIUM: RACIAL AND ETHNIC HEALTH DISPARITIES ACROSS THE LONG-TERM SERVICES AND SUPPORTS CONTINUUM: NEED FOR POLICY AND ACTION
Authors: Dobbs Debra , Polivka Larry 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The pandemic further exacerbated racial and ethnic health disparities with BIPOC (Black, Indigenous and People of Color) communities experiencing significantly higher infection rates and higher hospitalization rates compared to White populations. Underlying medical conditions that disproportionately affect BIPOC populations (e.g., cardiovascular disease, diabetes, COPD) and social determinants of health (income, community and environmental factors, access to health care and job security) can account in large part for increased rates of morbidity and mortality. Within the long term services and supports (LTSS) continuum, health disparities exist in both who receives and provides care. The four papers in this Social Research Policy and Practice Presidential Symposium will highlight factors that result in health disparities across the LTSS continuum and propose possible policy and practice solutions to address the disparities. The first paper presented will be an overview of existing nursing home workforce issues that continue to impact disparities in the quality of resident care. The second paper presented examines nursing home resident quality of life disparities from a measurement perspective. The third paper will highlight issues on elder abuse and mistreatment of rural elders, American Indian and Alaskan Natives. The fourth paper will present recommendations from key stakeholders of the RAISE Family Caregiving Advisory Council on how to meet the needs of underrepresented groups (AAPI, BIPOC, Indigenous peoples) of family caregivers. Policy and practice solutions to reduce disparities will be discussed.
MECHANISMS TO ADDRESS RACIAL/ETHNIC DISPARITIES IN NURSING HOME QUALITY OF LIFE
Authors: Shippee Tetyana 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Evidence documents racial/ethnic disparities in access, quality of care, and quality of life (QoL) among nursing home (NH) residents who are Black, Indigenous and persons of color. Yet, little is known about mechanisms for these disparities. This presentation examines the mechanisms for racial/ethnic disparities in QoL in high-proportion BIPOC facilities while highlighting variability in QoL disparities across these facilities. The presentation uses data from a 5 year mixed-methods project involving 96 resident interviews; 61 staff interviews; and 614 hours of observations in high proportion BIPOC facilities in MN, coupled with resident clinical Minimum Dataset assessments linked with survey data on residents’ QoL. The findings show significant racial/ethnic disparities in QoL with need for system level changes. Given the increasing racial/ethnic diversity of NHs, ensuring equity in QoL for BIPOC residents is an urgent priority for NHs to remain relevant in the future.
EXAMINING PHYSICAL HEALTH AMONG COHORTS OF CENTENARIAN SURVIVORS IN THE HEALTH AND RETIREMENT STUDY
Authors: Arieli Rotem 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This research highlights cohort differences in physical health among centenarians/near-centenarians in the Health and Retirement Study. Across 14 waves, participants aged 98 or older (n=494) were compared by three cohorts (i.e., 1890-1900, 1901-1910, and 1911-1920). Cohorts were examined at respective waves where participants were 96, 98, and 100 years of age. One-way ANOVA results presented significant differences in functional health at age 96 (F[2,324]=5.01, p&lt;.01), subjective health at age 98 (F[2,212]=7.94, p&lt;.001), and health conditions at ages 98 (F[2,213]=12.52, p&lt;.001) and 100 (F[2,115]=3.45, p&lt;.05). The oldest cohort had significantly better functional health than the youngest cohort (age 96), better subjective health than the two younger cohorts (age 98), and fewer health conditions than the youngest cohort (ages 98 and 100). Consistently, the oldest cohort performed better on subjective and objective health markers, providing implications for health care, disease prevention, and policy related to the shrinking “healthspan” among exceptional agers.
FOCUSING ON DIVERSITY: UTMB RECRUITMENT STRATEGY FOR THE D-CARE STUDY
Authors: Samper-Ternent Rafael , Williams Alice , Hirst Roxana , Galloway Rebecca , Volpi Elena 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) is the main healthcare system in Galveston County where about 15% of older adults identify as Hispanic. Our recruitment efforts for the Dementia (D-CARE) study included adapting and translating in Spanish the screening, recruitment, and intervention materials. The study is being conducted by a bilingual team, and actively engages a highly diverse Local Patient and Stakeholder Council. After obtaining a partial HIPAA waiver from the Institutional Review Board, we created a dementia registry in the UTMB Epic (TM) electronic health record which captured patients diagnosed with ICD-9/10 codes of dementia. Referral letters from UTMB primary care and neurology providers authorized us to contact eligible patients. We utilized outpatient clinic appointment schedules, direct referrals, and community outreach to meet our enrollment goal. This recruitment strategy resulted in inclusion of 478 patient-caregiver dyads with 27.4% of participants identifying as Hispanic and 17% as Black.
WHEN LOVE HURTS: AMBIVALENT TIES INFLUENCE THE LINK BETWEEN FUNCTIONAL LIMITATIONS AND WELL-BEING
Authors: Haghighat Misha , Huo Meng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Functional limitations may co-occur with worse emotional well-being in older adulthood. Research has found that this association likely varies by social factors, with social support buffering well-being from physical declines, and strain exacerbating it. Yet, older adults’ functional limitations may contribute to more ambivalence in their social relationships, which involves both support and strain. Such ambivalence may exacerbate older adults’ emotional well-being in the face of physical limitations, but we know little about whether and how this occurs. The current study innovatively examined how older adults’ overall ambivalence moderates the association between functional limitations and depressive symptoms, and captured emotional mood among older adults with functional limitations when they had encounters with ambivalent partners throughout the day. Study participants (N = 313; ages 65+) were from the Daily Experiences and Well-being Study. Participants reported on functional limitations, depressive symptoms, and relationship quality with each social partner in a 2-hour in person interview, followed by reports of social encounters every 3-hours across 5-6 days. We observed a significant moderating effect of overall ambivalence on the association between functional limitations and depressive symptoms, such that this association was more salient among older adults with more ambivalent social networks. Further, only unpleasant encounters with ambivalent social partners, but not those with non-ambivalent social partners, compromised mood among older adults with functional limitations. These findings may advance our understanding of older adults’ ambivalent ties in the context of physical declines, and help identify therapies that may enhance well-being for older adults with health limitations.