bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Readability Formula for Instructional Materials in Science
Authors: Bayogan Jonathan 
Published: May 2023

The study developed and validated a readability formula using measurable variables of readability for physics instructional materials. In developing the formula, .30 reading passages of no less than 100 words each were selected from 18 different books used in Philippine schools. These books were used in the elementary, secondary and collegiate levels. The passages were assigned a readability level by teachers engaged in education for at least 9 years. The readability level scale was from 4 to 16, representing the primary grades (Level 4) up to advanced or graduate level (Level 16). Twelve (12) variables were measured based on the textual and graphical characteristics of the passages. Measurable readability variables used were: Presence/absence of mathematical equation (MEQ), percentage of mathematical words (PMW), percentage of words associated to physics (PWAP), and average sentence length (ASL); Percentage of derived concept words (PDCW), percentage. of words specific (PWSP), average word length (AWL), and presence/absence of graphics element (GRA); and Percentage of PEP (people, events, places) words (PPEP.W), and percentage of PEP sentences (PPEPS). Multiple regression analysis using readability level as criterion resulted in three equally plausible readability formulas. Comparative analysis of the three formulas' proportion of explained variance, residuals, scatterplots and outliners led to the selection of the best model. This was called the 1B Formula and is stated as (PDS = 5.5516 + 0.0949 ASL + 0.0951 PMW +0.0506PWSP) where (ROS = Reading Difficulty Score), ASL (Average Sentence Length), PMW (Proportion of Mathematical Words), and PWSP (Proportion of Words Specific to Physics).
Hubungan antara Perkembangan Bahasa dengan Kemampuan Interaksi Sosial pada Down Syndrome di Malang
Authors: Mailinda Adinda Talia , Setyaningsih Wiwik , Putra Sinar Perdana 
Published: May 2023

Interaksi sosial adalah hubungan antara dua atau lebih individu dimana kelakuan individu yang satu mempengaruhi, mengubah, atau memperbaiki kelakuan individu yang lain atau sebaliknya. Perkembangan bahasa merupakan modalitas yang harus dimiliki anak down syndrome. Down Syndrome adalah kelainan genetik yang diakibatkan oleh terbentuknya kromosom 21 sehinnga memiliki ciri khusus pada fisik dan memiliki keterbelakangan mental. Hal ini mengakibatkan mereka untuk bersosialisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran perkembangan bahasa dan kemampuan interaksi sosial pada anak down syndrome Desain penelitian ini menggunakan uji korelatif dengan jenis penelitian kuantitatif. Ukuran sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 30 sampel. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan uji Spearman’s rho dan didapat hasil bahwa nilai Sig. 0.000 yang berarti nilai Sig. < 0.05 dengan Correlation Coefficient 0.734 sehingga hipotesis alternatif (Ha) diterima yaitu terdapat hubungan antara perkembangan bahasa dengan kemampuan interaksi sosial dengan sifat keakuratan kuat. terdapat hubungan antara perkembangan bahasa dengan kemampuan interaksi sosial pada anak down syndrome. Disamping itu, faktorfaktor lain seperti keadaan anak down syndrome itu sendiri.dapat memengaruhi Kemampuan perkembangan bahasa dan kemampuan interaksi sosial.
Hubungan Level Gangguan Pendengaran pada Kemampuan Artikulasi Anak Usia Sekolah di Surakarta
Authors: Kirana Dwi Witari  , Hafidz Triantoro Aji Pratomo  
Published: May 2023

Latar Belakang: Anak gangguan pendengaran akan mengalami hambatan dalam berkomunikasi, baik yang memiliki level gangguan pendengaran ringan hingga yang berat. Hambatan tersebut dapat mempengaruhi kemampuan bahasa dan artikulasinya. Bagi anak gangguan pendengaran untuk mengembangkan kemampuan berbicara merupakan suatu proses yang kompleks, karena salah satu syarat penting yang dibutuhkan dalam kemampuan berbicara adalah kemampuan mendengar. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran tentang “hubungan level gangguan pendengaran pada kemampuan artikulasi anak usia sekolah di Surakarta”. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional. Teknil pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling dengan jumlah sampel 30 anak gangguan pendengaran di Surakarta. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat. Uji statistik yang digunakan yaitu uji Spearman Rank. Hasil: Hasil analisis data diperoleh nilai p (Sig) tes BERA telinga kanan adalah 0.089 Sedangkan, pada tes BERA telinga kiri diperoleh nilai p (Sig) 0.442. Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini memberikan kesimpulan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara level gangguan pendengara pada kemampuan artikulasi anak usia sekolah di Surakarta.
Hubungan Pola Asuh Orang Tua dengan Feeding Problems pada Anak Prasekolah di TK Aisyiyah Banyudono Ponorogo
Authors: Astri Dina Nugeraheny  , Kliwon  , Kiyat Sudrajad  
Published: May 2023

Latar Belakang: Setiap orang tua pasti menginginkan yang terbaik bagi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anaknya. Misalnya pada setiap hari, tubuh anak semakin bertambah besar dan bertambah tinggi. Maka dari itu, kebutuhan nutrisi makanan yang bergizi seimbang harus tercukupi. Namun, ada beberapa anak mengalami feeding problems. Dimana anak kekurangan kebutuhan nutrisi yang bisa mempengaruhi psikologis, maupun medis tertentu. Hal ini menjadikan feeding problems salah satu kekhawatiran yang diungkapkan oleh pengasuh atau orang tua tentang memberikan makan pada anak mereka. Tujuan: penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pola asuh orang tua dengan feeding problems pada anak prasekolah di TK Aisyiyah Banyudono Ponorogo. Metode: Menggunakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif. Dengan desain penelitian deskriptif korelasional. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling. Data yang telah terkumpul dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat. Dengan menggunakan teknik uji statistik koefisien kontingensi. Hasil: Hasil analisis menunjukkan nilai ρ = 0.018 yang berarti H0 ditolak sehingga ada korelasi atau hubungan antara pola asuh orang tua dengan feeding problems pada anak prasekolah di TK Aisyiyah Banyudono Ponorogo, dan nilai koefisien korelasi (r) = 0.355 dengan kategori lemah dan arah korelasi yang positif. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan pola asuh orang tua dengan feeding problems pada anak prasekolah di TK Aisyiyah Banyudono Ponorogo.
Cultural Problems of Elderly Women in Rural and Urban Areas of Nuh and Hisar District of Haryana, India
Authors: Mor Amita , Kathpalia Jatesh , Tyagi Rashmi , Mehta Shruti , Kumari Vinod 
Published: May 2023

Ageism can be very detrimental for the old age groups. The study was conducted on the bases of cultural zone Hisar from Bagar and Nuh from Ahirwati. This is descriptory as well as exploratory type of study which is designed to get specific required information on cultural problems faced by them. Sample for this study has been collected data from urban and rural areas of each district was taken to make a total sample size of 256 old aged women respondents.The objectives of the study is to know the level of Cultural problems areas related to new generation of the elderly women along with socio economic factors associated with cultural problems. Most of the elderly women (45.70%) of both the districts were ‘agree’ that the changing dress pattern was a threat for preservation of culture followed by ‘neutral’ (34.00%) and ‘disagree’ (20.30). Most of the elderly women (47.70%) of both the districts were ‘agree’ (47.70%) that fast food replaced the home made and simple food. Most of the elderly women (49.60%) of both the districts were ‘agree’ (49.60%) that girls should not be allowed to stay in hostels followed by ‘neutral’ (35.20%) and ‘disagree’ (23.80). Most of the elderly women (43.80%) of both the districts were ‘agree’ (43.80%) that inter caste was marriage perceived as cultural diffusion. The cultural problems among the elderly women were found significantly (P ≤0.01, Z = 4.58) higher in rural area (49.68). To sustain dignity of old women awards should be instituted for the women who are serving to the best of their in-laws by the village panchayat /local bodies.. Most of the elderly women with age group ‘60-70 years’ (47.7%) in rural areas were found significantly associated with the cultural problems with a chi square statistic c2 = 13.80 at a = 0.01 level.
The Mediating Effects of Classroom Management and the Relationship between Differentiated Instruction in Teaching and Student Engagement
Authors: Aldanese Precilla Gay B. , Limpot Marilou Y. 
Published: May 2023

Aims: To determine the Mediating Effects of Classroom Management and the Relationship of Differentiated Instruction to Teaching and Student Engagement.
Study Design: Quantitative non-experimental design.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted through online survey in public schools of Division of Davao City, Davao del Sur during the school year 2021-2022.
Methodology: The respondents were 300 teachers from public schools in Division of Davao City, Davao del Sur, Region XI, Southern Mindanao, Philippines. The selection of respondents was carried out through a stratified sampling technique. The data were collected using google forms.
Results: It shows that the relationship between the variables differentiated instruction, student engagement and classroom management was significant. Further, this study rejected the Ho that indicated no significant mediator between Classroom Management and Differentiated Instruction's teaching and student engagement relationship. Therefore, it appears that there is full mediation occurring in this study.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between Student Engagement and Differentiated Instruction, as well as classroom management and Differentiated instruction. Therefore, it was described in this study that there is full mediation in the Mediating effect of classroom management and the relationship of differentiated instruction of teaching and student engagement. The Schlechty's Student Engagement Continuum theory can be linked to this research, which proves that it requires involvement in the activity to make students' learning more positive. However, students will be more interested in learning because of good lesson planning, methods, strategies and techniques of the teacher that will result in interactive student engagement.
Control Efficacy of Jingdusha against Corynespora cassiicola (Hyphomycetales: Dematiaceae) on Cucumber
Authors: Ma Zhangtong , Hong Jinghang , Zhao Juyong , Zuo Mingke , Song Tiefeng 
Published: May 2023

Aims: The paper aimed to clarify the effect of cucumber target leaf spot (TLS) under the Jingdusha (JDS) treatment.
Study Design: We applied the method of artificial inoculation in the pot, and analyzed the changes in growth indexes and physiological characteristics.
Place and Duration of Study: In 2018, these experiments were conducted in College of Bioscience and Biotechnology of Shenyang Agricultural University (Lab 240).
Methodology: The seedlings in the two-leaf period were induced by the best application scheme of JDS, then inoculated Corynespora cassiicola for 24 h. Cucumber seedlings of each treatment group were randomly selected for photographing and growth index determination after inoculation for 5 d. The leaves of cucumber seedlings in each treatment group were randomly collected at 1 d, 3 d, 5 d, 7 d, and 9 d after inoculation for the determination of physiological and biochemical indicators.
Results: When C. cassiicola infects cucumber, JDS can effectively improve the growth and photosynthetic pigment content of cucumber, reduce the degradation of chlorophyll (Chl) under the stress of C. cassiicola, strengthen the variety of metabolic responses in the plant, repair the enzyme protection system of cucumber leaves, reduce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, shorten the process of membrane lipid peroxidation in blades.
Conclusion: Taken together, these results suggest that JDS can improve the resistance of cucumber seedlings to C. cassiicola by regulating growth indexes and physiological characteristics. This work will provide a theoretical basis for further elucidating the molecular mechanism of JDS in cucumber defense against C. cassiicola.
Studies on the Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Physical Parameters of Sapota [Manilkara achras (Mill.) Forsberg] cv. Cricket Ball under Agro-climatic Condition of Chhattisgarh Plains
Authors: Sahu Roshan Lal , Singh Prabhakar , Panigrahi Hemant Kumar , Rana Gangaram 
Published: May 2023

The present investigation was undertaken during the year July/2020-June/21 and July/2021- June/22 at experimental field of Horticulture Instructional Farm, Department of Fruit Science College of Agriculture, IGKV, Raipur (C.G.), India. The experiment was conducted on twenty years old trees of sapota, Cricket Ball with foliar spray of different concentrations of plant growth regulators applied at 50 per cent flowering and pea stage of fruit growth. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with twenty five treatments, and three replication for each treatment. Thus, a total of 75 data collection made available at each time. Physical parameters of fruit viz., fruit weight (126.36 g ±31.07g), fruit volume (121.59 ml ±29.07 ml), fruit diameter (6.69 cm ±1.33 cm), fruit length (6.92 cm ±2.01 cm) and pulp weight (112.61 g ± 2.01 g) of sapota fruits were increased with the treatment GA3 @ 150 ppm, while, the peel weight (8.79 g ± 1.72 g) was reduced under the same treatment. The specific gravity (1.045 g ± 0.015 gml-1) was recorded maximum under the treatment ethrel @ 1000 ppm. However, a reduction in number of seeds per fruit (4.50 ± 2.08) and seed weight (4.38 g ± 0.78 g) was observed by the foliar feeding of NAA @ 100 ppm treatment. The consumer demand, which is usually based on physical characteristics of sapota fruit, can be improved by the application of plant growth regulators. On the basis of the experience gained and results obtained after completion of present investigation, the most appropriate concentration and their time of application should be standardized for different cultivars of sapota.
Epitaxial 2D PbS Nanosheet‐Formamidinium Lead Triiodide Heterostructure Enabling High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Xuanling , Wu Ziyi , Zhong Han , Wang Xuanyu , Yang Jianfei , Zhang Ziling , Han Jianhua , Oron Dan , Lin Hong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNanomaterials such as quantum dots and 2D materials have been widely used to improve the performance of perovskite solar cells due to their favorable optical properties, conductivity, and stability. Nevertheless, the interfacial crystal structures between perovskites and nanomaterials have always been ignored while large mismatches can result in a significant number of defects within solar cells. In this work, cubic PbS nanosheets with (200) preferred crystal planes are synthesized through anisotropy growth. Based on the similar crystal structure between cubic PbS (200) and cubic‐phase formamidinium lead triiodide (α‐FAPbI3) (200), a nanoepitaxial PbS nanosheets‐FAPbI3 heterostructure with low defect density is observed. Attribute to the epitaxial growth, PbS nanosheets‐FAPbI3 hybrid polycrystalline films show decreased defects and better crystallization. Optimized perovskite solar cells perform both improved efficiency and stability, retaining 90% of initial photovoltaic conversion efficiency after being stored at 20 °C and 20% RH for 2500 h. Notably, the significantly improved stability is ascribed to the interfacial compression strain and chemical bonding between (200) planes of PbS nanosheets and α‐FAPbI3 (200). This study provides insight into high‐performance perovskite solar cells achieved by manipulating nanomaterial surfaces.
Organic Solar Cells with Over 19% Efficiency Enabled by a 2D‐Conjugated Non‐Fullerene Acceptor Featuring Favorable Electronic and Aggregation Structures
Authors: Liu Kerui , Jiang Yuanyuan , Liu Feng , Ran Guangliu , Huang Fei , Wang Wenxuan , Zhang Wenkai , Zhang Cheng , Hou Jianhui , Zhu Xiaozhang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe π‐expansion of non‐fullerene acceptors is a promising method for boosting the organic photovoltaic performance by allowing the fine‐tuning of electronic structures and molecular packing. In this work, highly efficient organic solar cells (OSCs) are fabricated using a 2D π‐expansion strategy to design new non‐fullerene acceptors. Compared with the quinoxaline‐fused cores of AQx‐16, the π‐expanded phenazine‐fused cores of AQx‐18 induce more ordered and compact packing between adjacent molecules, affording an optimized morphology with rational phase separation in the blend film. This facilitates efficient exciton dissociation and inhibited charge recombination. Consequently, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.2% with simultaneously increasing Voc, Jsc, and fill factor is achieved in the AQx‐18‐based binary OSCs. Significantly, AQx‐18‐based ternary devices fabricated via a two‐in‐one alloy acceptor strategy exhibit a superior PCE of 19.1%, one of the highest values ever reported for OSCs, along with a high Voc of 0.928 V. These results indicate the importance of the 2D π‐expansion strategy for the delicate regulation of the electronic structures and crystalline behaviors of the non‐fullerene acceptors to achieve superior photovoltaic performance, aimed at significantly promoting further development of OSCs.
In Situ Activation of Snap‐Through Instability in Multi‐Response Metamaterials through Multistable Topological Transformation
Authors: Wu Lei , Pasini Damiano 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSnap‐through instability has been widely leveraged in metamaterials to attain non‐monotonic responses for a specific subset of applications where conventional monotonic materials fail to perform. In the remaining more plentiful set of ordinary applications, snap‐through instability is harmful, and current snapping metamaterials become inadequate because their capacity to snap cannot be suppressed post‐fabrication. Here, a class of topology‐transformable metamaterials is introduced to enable in situ activation and deactivation of the snapping capacity, providing a remarkable level of versatility in switching between responses from monotonic to monostable and bistable snap‐through. Theoretical analysis, numerical simulations, and experiments are combined to unveil the role played by contact in the topological transformation capable of increasing the geometry incompatibility and confinement stiffness of selected architectural members. The strategy here presented for post‐fabrication reprogrammability of matter and on‐the‐fly response switching paves the way to multifunctionality for application in multiple sectors from mechanical logic gates, and adjustable energy dissipators, to in situ adaptable sport equipment.
Boosting the Photoluminescence Efficiency of InAs Nanocrystals Synthesized with Aminoarsine via a ZnSe Thick‐Shell Overgrowth
Authors: Zhu Dongxu , Bahmani Jalali Houman , Saleh Gabriele , Di Stasio Francesco , Prato Mirko , Polykarpou Nefeli , Othonos Andreas , Christodoulou Sotirios , Ivanov Yurii P. , Divitini Giorgio , Infante Ivan , De Trizio Luca , Manna Liberato 
Published: May 2023

AbstractInAs‐based nanocrystals can enable restriction of hazardous substances (RoHS) compliant optoelectronic devices, but their photoluminescence efficiency needs improvement. We report an optimized synthesis of InAs@ZnSe core@shell nanocrystals allowing to tune the ZnSe shell thickness up to seven mono‐layers (ML) and to boost the emission, reaching a quantum yield of ≈70% at ≈900 nm. It is demonstrated that a high quantum yield can be attained when the shell thickness is at least ≈3ML. Notably, the photoluminescence lifetimeshows only a minor variation as a function of shell thickness, whereas the Auger recombination time (a limiting aspect in technological applications when fast) slows down from 11 to 38 ps when increasing the shell thickness from 1.5 to 7MLs. Chemical and structural analyses evidence that InAs@ZnSe nanocrystals do not exhibit any strain at the core‐shell interface, likely due to the formation of an InZnSe interlayer. This is supported by atomistic modeling, which indicates the interlayer as being composed of In, Zn, Se and cation vacancies, alike to the In2ZnSe4 crystal structure. The simulations reveal an electronic structure consistent with that of type‐I heterostructures, in which localized trap states can be passivated by a thick shell (>3ML) and excitons are confined in the core.
A Model of Using the Asymmetric Polydopamine Thin Film for Mimicking Epithelial Folding In Vitro
Authors: Nie Yan , Liu Yue , Xu Xun , Wang Weiwei , Scharnagl Nico , Heuchel Matthias , Lendlein Andreas , Ma Nan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe basement membrane (BM) is a biointeractive ultrathin network with distinct composition and organization of its epithelial and stromal sides, which render BMs with asymmetric biofunctions and mechanical properties. There are difficulties in the recapitulation of the highly hierarchical structure and function of BM. Here, the interfacial assembly method for the generation of BM mimics is applied. Dopamine is the starting material for the polymerization and assembly of polydopamine (PDA) into asymmetric materials. Compared to the PDA coating formed at the solid/liquid interface (≈20 nm), the PDA film formed at the air/liquid interface displays a thickness of ≈100 nm. Moreover, it possesses an asymmetric surface topography and an apparent Young's modulus of ≈1.0 MPa, which is structurally and mechanically similar to natural BMs. Of interest, the airside and the waterside of the PDA film exhibit differences in their adhesion affinity to the human skin keratinocytes. With stronger active mechanical processes between living cells and the waterside of PDA film, epithelial folding could be mimicked. Together, the PDA film is able to recapitulate the structural and mechanical complexity of natural BMs, indicating the prospective future of using PDA films for in vitro modeling cell‐BM interaction and tissue formation.
Advances of Mode‐Locking Fiber Lasers in Neural Imaging
Authors: Fan Sijie , Wang Shuke , Yang Changxi , Wise Frank , Kong Lingjie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNonlinear optical microscopy (NOM) has been widely adopted in neural imaging in vivo for its advantages in deep penetration, three‐dimensional resolution, and low phototoxicity, etc. However, it relies on femtosecond laser sources for signal excitation, which are complex and bulky for conventional solid‐state ultrafast lasers. Alternatively, the development of mode‐locking fiber lasers has successfully promoted their applications in biomedical imaging. This paper focuses on the advances of mode‐locking fiber lasers in neural imaging, based on both multiphoton fluorescence microscopy and parametric NOM. Fiber laser oscillators are summarized for exciting two‐photon microscopy directly and fiber lasers based on nonlinear frequency shifting for exciting three‐photon microscopy. Besides, the applications of mode‐locking fiber lasers in parametric NOM are briefly introduced, including harmonic generation microscopy and coherent Raman microscopy. Moreover, the potentials of mode‐locking fiber lasers are highlighted in two‐photon optogenetics for neural modulation. With the emerging of novel high‐energy fiber lasers, their widespread applications are expected in the study of neuroscience.