bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
US RACIAL AND ETHNIC DISPARITIES IN DEMENTIA LIFE EXPECTANCY, RISK/PROTECTIVE FACTORS, AND CAREGIVING STRESSORS
Authors: Aranda Maria 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The health, emotional, and economic impacts of dementia are far-reaching and impossible to fully calculate. Late-life dementia is not equitably distributed across population subgroups including older people and racial/ethnic minorities. Clear evidence underscores disparities in social/personal resources, environmental exposures, racism/discrimination, increased burden of caregiving, and uneven access to quality care especially for Blacks and Hispanics and caregivers. Each paper in this symposium addresses high-priority, disparity research areas highlighted in the recent NASEM Decadal Survey of Behavioral and Social Science Research on ADRD: characteristics of population groups that influence disease ascertainment and dementia life expectancy; quantification of mid- and late-life risk/protective factors; pesticide exposure and cognition, and caregiving stressors among racial/ethnic minorities. All presentations utilize nationally representative data on older people in the US. Garcia et al. utilize HRS data to create dementia life expectancy estimates using four competing algorithmic classifications of dementia status by race/ethnicity (Blacks, Whites), nativity status (US-, non-US-born Latinos), and gender. Applying the Lancet Commission Dementia Prevention framework to HRS data, Ferdows and Aranda examine risk/protective factors and quantify the relative contribution of individual variables in explaining racial/ethnic dementia disparities. Chanti-Ketterl et al. elucidate the association between organochlorines pesticides (total scores, specific type) and cognition based on NHANES data to ascertain racial/ethnic differences. Based on NHATS, Moon et al. explore differences in primary stressors by dementia care and race (Blacks, Whites) during COVID-19. Findings provide evidence of potential multi-level targets for interventions and public policies. All primary authors are early-career scholars dedicated to mitigating ADRD health disparities.
A NEW STEP TO PREVENT ELDER ABUSE IN JAPAN
Authors: Tsukada Noriko , Ikeda Naoki , Katsumata Asako 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper first introduces major aspects of the Japanese Act on the Prevention of Elder Abuse, including trends in substantiated elder abuse cases in both institutional and domestic settings, definitions of elder abuse, and abusers and reporting systems. It then introduces the recent amendment of operational standards in institutional settings made by ministerial ordinance. The amendment includes a requirement to develop a committee to prevent occurrence and recurrence of elder abuse and to appoint a designated individual to establish guidelines and implement training. It is hoped to further prevent elder abuse in Japan.
DETECTION OF ELDER ABUSE IN JAPAN NOT COVERED BY THE ELDER ABUSE PREVENTION LAW IN COMPARISON WITH WHO DEFINITION
Authors: Wada Tadashi , Suda Hitoshi , Satoh Kana 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The Elder Abuse Prevention Law mainly defines “elder abuse” inflicted by caregivers. Elder abuse by non-caregivers is therefore rarely covered by the law. We investigated domestic elder abuse reported in Matsudo City, Chiba, Japan, to determine the number of domestic elder abuse cases excluded from legal protection but constituting elder abuse defined by WHO. From April 2017 to March 2020, the municipal elder protection services agency received 525 reports of domestic elder abuse. We studied the effective records of 497 of these cases. 299 cases were confirmed elder abuse cases defined by the law, with 198 excluded. However, 176 out of the 198 excluded cases constitute elder abuse defined by WHO. In these 176 cases, abuse was perpetrated by non-caregivers. Due to the current formation of the law, this abuse went undetected and unprotected. We think amendment of the law is required to protect these excluded cases.
NEED FOR SUPPORT FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES IN ELDER ABUSE
Authors: Suda Hitoshi , Wada Tadashi , Satoh Kana 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Among the elder abuse cases reported to Matsudo City, Chiba Prefecture (population 487,091 as of April 1, 2017) from fiscal year (FY) 2017 to FY 2019. Of the 525 reported cases, 497 for which records could be judged to be accurate were included in the study. There were 119 cases (23.9%) in which the abusers were presumed to have a disability. Out of these 119 cases, the abusers of 86 (72.3%) cases were not involved with health and welfare policies for people with disabilities or such involvement had been suspended. If the abuser had received support in the field of health and welfare for the disabled or as a person in need at an early stage, the elder abuse might not have occurred. Support for people with disabilities and support for persons in financial need are required before they become abusers.
FOSTERING MULTIPARTNERSHIP IN DEVELOPING A DEMENTIA-FRIENDLY COMMUNITY WITH AN OPEN DEMENTIA DAY CENTER IN TAIWAN
Authors: Chang Ling-Hui , Pan Men-An , Wu Li-Xue , Lu Chi-pang , Sung Liwen , Huang Pai--Chuan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Introduction. Supporting persons with dementia without increasing the demands of formal care is an issue that many countries face today. Pingtung County proposed an innovative practice of an open dementia day center situated in a dementia-friendly community (DFC), where people with dementia in the center can freely go outside and enjoy community living. This presentation examines the experience of an university academic team in fostering a municipality-academic-community partnership as we tried to “flip” the care of a traditional dementia day center to adopt an “open” care model and concurrently to make the nearby community dementia-friendly. Method. A pragmatic research paradigm was adopted to address the socially situated situation in which we encountered when building a dementia-friendly community and the strategies we adopted to respond to the problem. Results/Discussion. Three themes: (1) Partnering with local government, e.g. to reduce the cognitive and physical barriers for outdoors activities and to increase the competence of local officials in DFC. (2) Partnering with local community and business: e.g. to increase the DFC awareness of community volunteers and to initiate a DFC business project, (3) building an academic team: e.g. to engage faculties who were motivated to pioneer an innovative practice, to fulfill their social responsibility, bridge the gap between theory, research, and practice. Conclusion. Significant changes were made in the community and the day center towards DFC. Community stigma towards dementia and community inertia was major obstacles. The allocation of city resources, personal drive towards DFC, and regular communication were key, despite the process was fraught with compromise, power dynamics, and conflicts of interests.
RACIAL/ETHNIC DISADVANTAGE IN PARENTAL DEATH ACROSS THE LIFE COURSE, SOCIAL ISOLATION, AND HEALTH IN LATER LIFE
Authors: Donnelly Rachel , Lin Zhiyong , Umberson Debra 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Prior research has not considered how exposure to parental death across the life course may contribute to lasting social isolation and, in turn, poor health among aging adults. The present study uses longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS; 1998-2016) to consider linkages of parental death, social isolation, and health (self-rated health, functional limitations) for Black, Hispanic, and White older adults. Findings suggest that exposure to parental death before later life is associated with higher levels of isolation, greater odds of fair/poor self-rated health, and more functional limitations in later life. Moreover, social isolation partially explains associations between parental bereavement and later-life health. Racial disparities in bereavement are central to disadvantage: Black and Hispanic adults are more likely to experience parent death early in the life course and this differential exposure to bereavement has implications for racial and ethnic disparities in social isolation and health throughout life.
PERSONALITY TRAITS AND END-OF-LIFE ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIORS IN OLDER ADULTS: EVIDENCE FROM SHARE
Authors: Ryser Valerie-Anne , Vilpert Sarah , Borasio Gian Domenico , Maurer Jürgen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Personality traits (PTs) - Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to experience, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness - are related to decision-making styles, as well as to specific end-of-life (EOL) healthcare preferences. Building on this knowledge, our study aims to explore the association of PTs with attitudes and behaviours towards the EOL in general and EOL care planning in particular. Our analyses are based on a paper-and-pencil self-completion questionnaire (n=1’524) administered as part of wave 6 and 7 of SHARE in Switzerland. PTs are measured with the Big-Five inventory ten (BFI-10). Attitudes and behaviours related to EOL are: outlook −avoid thinking about death, think about and discuss EOL preferences−, administrative arrangements −testament, power of attorney−, approval and completion of advance care planning. Results show that older adults with higher scores on openness are more likely to think, plan and discuss EOL, as well as to have made arrangement in advance such as a testament, and a power of attorney. Higher scores on extraversion are linked with having a testament. Individuals who express higher scores on neuroticism more often think about their wishes for EOL, whereas those scoring higher on agreeableness are less likely to be in favour of advance care planning. To conclude, older adults in Switzerland remain unfamiliar with EOL topics, since only individuals with higher openness to experience are more prone to prepare for the EOL. PTs should be taken into account when educating and encouraging people to plan for their EOL.
WORKING MEMORY MODERATES DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AFTER PARTNER MORTALITY: HEALTH AND RETIREMENT STUDY
Authors: Brush David , Paulson Daniel , Dvorak Robert 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Grief is conceptualized as a process after which the individual becomes better adapted to changed living conditions after a loss. The Selection, Optimization, and Compensation with Emotion Regulation (SOC-ER) model posits that working memory may be necessary for mitigation and resolution of grief. This study examined the hypothesis that working memory facilitates successful grieving following the loss of an intimate partner. Participants include 3,599 respondents of the longitudinal Health and Retirement Study (HRS) who experienced spousal mortality between 1994 and 2014. Working memory was measured assessed using Serial 7’s, and depressive symptoms were assessed using the 8-question CES-D. Latent-growth models were used to estimate rate of change in depressive symptoms up to loss-of-spouse (baseline event), and then subsequent to that loss. Missing data were handled using full-information maximum likelihood. Sample participants had an average age 78.04 (SD = 7.32) at the time of their spouse’s death and were disproportionately female (69.10%), White/Caucasian (82.30%), non-Hispanic (92.37%), and completed an average of 11.61 (SD = 3.42) years of education. The hypothesized level 2 model fit the data very well: χ2(56)=61.323, p=.29 RMSEA=0.005 [0.000 0.012]; CFI=0.998, SRMR=0.028. Initial depressive symptom endorsement was significantly related to working memory ability. Working memory also moderated the relationship between depressive symptom endorsement and time, where individuals with better working memory tended to report lower depressive symptoms and demonstrated a lesser increase in depressive symptoms. In conclusion, working memory may be one determinant of successful bereavement. Findings support application of the SOC-ER model to the study of grief.
THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MEDITERRANEAN DIET ADHERENCE AND ALLOSTATIC LOAD IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Fiocco Alexandra , Obomsawin Anik , D'Amico Danielle 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Allostatic load (AL) is a multisystemic index of biological wear and tear which is associated with poor health outcomes. In recent years, researchers have examined the association between dietary pattern intake and AL; however, no studies to date have examined the relationship between AL and consumption of a Mediterranean diet. Blood and urine samples were collected from 201 community-dwelling older adults who completed a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). A Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) was calculated based on previous recommendations and a sex-based AL index was calculated using a count-based approach for 16 biomarkers associated with neuroendocrine, immune, cardiovascular, or metabolic function. It was hypothesized that a higher MDS would associate with lower AL, and that this association would be particularly robust for the immune and metabolic subcomponents of the AL index. In support of the study hypotheses, generalized linear models revealed a significant inverse relationship between MDS and AL (ß = -0.03, P = 0.037). Furthermore, higher MDS was significantly associated with lower immune (ß = -0.06, P = 0.38) and metabolic (ß = -0.05, P = 0.039) subsystem scores, but was not associated with cardiovascular or neuroendocrine subsystem scores. Exploratory analyses further showed that the association was more robust in male than female participants. The current findings are interpreted with caution given the study design and sample characteristics. However, these findings contribute to the literature supporting the Mediterranean diet as an important lifestyle behavior that may support healthy aging.
UNDERSTANDING AND RESPONDING TO THE NEEDS OF STUDENT CAREGIVERS THROUGH THE AGE-FRIENDLY UNIVERSITY LENS
Authors: Terhune Katherina , Graf Allyson , Wade Kate , Greer Faith 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Caregiving has steadily increased over the years, with approximately 44 million individuals in the U.S. providing over 37 billion hours of unpaid, informal care for adult family members and friends with chronic illnesses or conditions that impact their functionality and daily activities. While much caregiving research has been completed over the years, research on student caregivers is scant, and less is known about the experiences and the needs of students in caregiving roles. This presentation examines data from a campus-wide survey to assess the prevalence and impact of unpaid caregiving on students. Utilizing the Age-Friendly University framework, this study aims to identify sources of unmet caregiving need, as well as community and campus connections to better support students in caregiving roles. Recommendations for assessing student caregiver needs and ways to generate and enhance caregiver support through the AFU lens will be highlighted.
OPPORTUNITIES AND OUTCOMES OF CENTERING OLDER ADULTS IN PATIENT-ORIENTED AND COMMUNITY-ENGAGED RESEARCH
Authors: Leach Carrie , Geary Carol 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Community engagement is critical for achieving context-sensitive and culturally appropriate communication, implementation and research approaches that can lead to better public and patient health outcomes. Though patient and community-engaged approaches are increasingly utilized in social research, the inclusion of older adults remains limited, as are methodologies that will help inform adult-centric programs and interventions. To advance the science of community engagement and implementation, this symposium brings together methodological innovations to help researchers shift from involving older adults as participants in research, toward collaboratively engaging and partnering with older adults in the design and conduct of research. The first presentation centers on place-based health disparities by starting with a statewide survey to identify communities that researchers could engage. The second highlights how the involvement of older adults led to the development of tactics for connecting with the hardly-reached, people over the age of 75, with health enhancing services and support. The third discusses a model for greater involvement of older adults to draw out lessons for implementation science in long-term care. The final presentation demonstrates an innovative approach to pilot new solutions with multidisciplinary and community partners in clinical settings. This CEnR and PPER interest group collaborative symposium concludes by imagining ways to integrate the diverse perspectives to advance the science of engaged research and implementation in community and clinical settings. This symposium represents diverse perspectives on involving community stakeholders meaningfully and equitably with research, to bend the later life health equity arc toward greater inclusion and justice.
COMMUNITY PERSPECTIVES ON COMMUNICATION DISPARITIES IN LATE OLD AGE AND TACTICS TO CONNECT WITH THE HARDLY REACHED
Authors: Leach Carrie , Jankowski Thomas 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Individuals who face the greatest health burdens often have the fewest communication resources to draw from to help them cope. Communication infrastructure theory provides a framework for understanding how communication resources and context constrain and enable connections to health enhancing information. Data collected from 1,609 older adults through in-depth interviews and a random sample survey in one midwestern county in Michigan as part of a multi-year, multi-level community engaged study and a statewide random digit dial telephone survey showed that age influenced integration in a communicative structure. Findings suggest that the dynamics of living into late old age result in communication disparities through diminishing interpersonal resources, activity, and opportunities to congregate. Actionable knowledge and strategies provided to community leaders on how to connect with the hardly reached, individuals age of 75 and older, are presented.
VALIDATION OF THE PITTSBURGH PERFORMANCE FATIGABILITY INDEX FROM USUAL-PACED 400 M WALK
Authors: Qiao Yujia (Susanna) , Harzelak Jaroslaw , Toto Pamela , Moored Kyle , Goodpaster Bret , Santanasto Adam , Nicklas Barbara , Glynn Nancy W 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The Pittsburgh Performance Fatigability Index (PPFI, higher=greater fatigability), a novel accelerometer-based performance fatigability measure, was recently developed for adults aged ≥60 years. We validated PPFI during a usual-paced 400m walk in 429 individuals enrolled in the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (age=76.9±5.3years, 57.6% women, gait speed=1.0±0.2 m/s from 4-meter walk). PPFI quantifies percent of performance decrement (i.e., slowing down) during 400m walk by comparing area under the observed cadence trajectories to the hypothetical area that reflects sustaining maximum cadence for the entire walk. PPFI scores (mean=2.1%±2.5%, range: 0-21.7%) demonstrated convergent validity with Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB, Pearson correlation (r)=-0.32) and mobility (time to walk 400m, r=0.47). PPFI scores discriminated higher versus lower physical function (SPPB: 1.6% (≥10) vs. 2.9% (&lt;10), p&lt;.001), adjusted for age, sex, height, and weight. PPFI is the first validated accelerometer-based objective risk assessment tool for measuring performance fatigability, an established marker of functional decline.
DUAL ROLES OF FITNESS AND FATIGABILITY IN THE LIFE-SPACE MOBILITY OF OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Moored Kyle , Qiao Yujia (Susanna) , Rosso Andrea , Toledo Frederico , Cummings Steven R , Goodpaster Bret , Kritchevsky Stephen , Glynn Nancy W 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objective fitness and perceived fatigability may interact to limit mobility within the larger environment (life-space mobility). We assessed this cross-sectionally in SOMMA (N=371, mean age=76.4±5.0). Life Space Assessment scores (range: 0-120, 5-point difference=clinically relevant, e.g., going outside additional 1-3 days/week) incorporated level, frequency, and assistance used for life-space mobility (Mean=82.7±18.8). Fitness was measured as VO2peak (Mean=19.5±4.2 mL/kg/min) from a symptom-limited treadmill test. Higher fatigability was defined as a Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE, range: 6-20) ≥10 after a five-minute steady-state treadmill test. Each 1-SD higher VO2peak was associated with a 2.2-point higher life-space score (95% CI: 0.25-4.07, p=.027). After adjustment for demographic, lifestyle, and health confounders, the association between fitness and life-space mobility was significant only for those with higher fatigability (RPE≥10: B=5.70, 95% CI: 0.79-10.60, p-interaction=.008). Older adults with both lower fitness (objective capacity) and higher fatigability (perceived capacity) may be at greatest risk of reduced real-world mobility.
PERCEIVED FATIGABILITY AND MORTALITY IN MID-TO-LATE LIFE IN THE BALTIMORE LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF AGING
Authors: Wanigatunga Amal , Chen Xiaomeng , Marino Francesca , Simonsick Eleanor , Ferrucci Luigi , Schrack Jennifer 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study hypothesized that perceived fatigability, fatigue standardized to walking, would better discriminate mortality risk than general fatigue symptoms. We leveraged perceived fatigability, self-reported tiredness, self-reported low energy and mortality data from 1,112 participants aged ≥50 years. Hazard ratios (HRs) of all-cause mortality (198 [17.8%] events) by either z-scored fatigability, tiredness, and energy level were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. Model discrimination was compared using Harrell’s C-statistics (C). After full covariate adjustment, 1 SD higher perceived fatigability, tiredness and low energy level were associated with higher mortality risk (HR=1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.05-1.37; HR=1.28, 95% CI:1.11-1.48; HR=1.26, 95% CI:1.10-1.45, respectively). The model for perceived fatigability (C=0.8039) had comparable discrimination to tiredness (C=0.8085,p=0.26) and low energy level (C=0.8067,p=0.41). While perceived fatigability was associated with higher mortality risk, it did not exhibit superior ability to discriminate mortality risk than self-reported fatigue symptoms among persons in mid-to-late life.
ENGAGED RESEARCH: HUMILITY, LISTENING, BETTER QUESTIONS, BETTER ANSWERS
Authors: Gilmore-Bykovskyi Andrea 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The expansive field of aging science comprises diverse disciplines, perspectives, and approaches to address questions that extend from strengthening our understanding of biological aging to promoting wellbeing among diverse aging populations. Engaged research practices represent a cross-cutting series of diverse epistemological beliefs and pragmatic practices in the conduct of research with broad relevance to areas of inquiry across the translational aging research continuum. This presentation will describe experiences with the establishment, maintenance, and continual evolution of engaged research practices in an interdisciplinary program of health services research focused on Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD). Specifically, this presentation will discuss: a) conceptualizations of engagement and its relationship to equitable research, b) engagement as praxis for the conduct of equitable research, c) personal reflections on experiences with and the practice of humility, listening, and valuing stakeholders’ distinctive expertise, and d) practical recommendations for early career scholars approaching engaged research.