bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mycotoxin exposure through the consumption of processed cereal food for children (< 5 years old) from rural households of Oshana, a region of Namibia
Authors: Angula Maria A. , Ishola Anthony , Tjiurutue Muvari , Sulyok Michael , Krska Rudolf , Ezekiel Chibundu N. , Misihairabgwi Jane 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Mycotoxin exposure from contaminated food is a significant global health issue, particularly among vulnerable children. Given limited data on mycotoxin exposure among Namibian children, this study investigated mycotoxin types and levels in foods, evaluated dietary mycotoxin exposure from processed cereal foods in children under age five from rural households in Oshana region, Namibia. Mycotoxins in cereal-based food samples (n = 162) (mahangu flour (n = 35), sorghum flour (n = 13), mahangu thin/thick porridge (n = 54), oshikundu (n = 56), and omungome (n = 4)) were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1, 35.8%), zearalenone (27.2%), fumonisin B1 (FB1, 24.1%), citrinin (CIT, 12.4%) and deoxynivalenol (10.5%) were the major mycotoxins quantified. Food samples (35.8% (n = 58) and 6.2% (n = 10)) exceeded the 0.1 µg/kg AFB1 and 200 µg/kg FB1 EU limit for children’s food, respectively. Several emerging mycotoxins including the neurotoxic 3-nitropropionic acid, moniliformin (MON), and tenuazonic acid were quantified in over 50% of all samples. Co-occurrence of AFB1, CIT, and FB1 detected in 4.9% (n = 8) samples, which could heighten food safety concerns. Regarding exposure assessment and risk characterization, average probable dietary intake for AFB1 from all ready-to-eat-foods was 0.036 µg/kg bw/day, which resulted in margin of exposures (MOE) of 11 and 0.65 risk cancer cases/year/100,000 people, indicating a risk of chronic aflatoxicosis. High tolerable daily intake values for FB1, and MOE for beauvericin and MON exceeded reference values. Consumption of a diversified diet and interventions including timely planting and harvesting, best grain storage, and other standard postharvest food handling practices are needed to mitigate mycotoxin exposure through contaminated cereal foods and to safeguard the health of the rural children in Namibia.
Evaluation of pig farming residue as substrate for biomethane production via anaerobic digestion
Authors: Häner Jurek , Neradko Alexej , Weinrich Sören , Gausling Marcel , Krüp Björn , Wetter Christof , Nelles Michael 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Livestock farming and manure management contribute substantially to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in agriculture. Anaerobic digestion (AD) of manure is a promising strategy for mitigating these emissions. This study aimed to assess the biomethane potential (BMP) of various types of pig slurry, investigate factors that influence biomethane production, analyze degradation kinetics, and propose AD process optimization approaches. Thus, substrate analysis, BMP tests in batch assays, kinetic modeling, and principal component analysis (PCA) were conducted. In order to further quantify the effects of different substrate qualities in full-scale operation, biomethane production was simulated under steady-state conditions. Results indicated that piglet slurry had the highest volatile solids (VS)–specific BMP (203 ± 72 L kg−1 VS), followed by mixed slurry (202 ± 132 L kg−1 VS), fattening pig slurry (117 ± 56 L kg−1 VS), and sow slurry (86 ± 17 L kg−1 VS). The PCA revealed different substrate types and significant roles for VS, crude fat, volatile fatty acids concentration, and the carbon/nitrogen ratio in achieving high BMPs. First-order two-step kinetic modeling identified hydrolysis as the rate-limiting step, showing a determinant of rate-limiting step of < 0 for each sample. The simulation of continuous operation revealed notable differences in daily biomethane production (36.7–42.7 L day−1) between the different slurries at the same hydraulic retention time and BMP. This research underscores the variability in pig slurry characteristics, exemplified by a total solids range of 1.4–12.1%, and provides crucial insights for optimizing AD processes in livestock waste management.
Mapping and Assessment of Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems (GDEs) Services – An Expert-based Land Use/Land Cover Scoring Approach
Authors: Charchousi Despoina , Goula Athina , Papadopoulou Maria P. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Threats on groundwater quantity and quality impose the need for monitoring and protection of Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems (GDEs) and their related services. The present study aims to the development of a GDEs and related services management framework, with emphasis on preliminary but practical monitoring and mapping tools, such as the Groundwater Footprint (GWF) and the land-scoring mapping technique. The main objectives of the paper are to: (a) provide an overview on existing GDEs and related services monitoring tools, as well as on the related legislation; (b) propose a GDEs services classification in order to set the basis for a common language and framework; (c) link GDEs services with UN Sustainable Development Goals; and (d) further elaborate the GWF concept based on the land use/land cover matrix assessment. In this context, an expert opinion survey on the links between land uses and the two major groundwater-related components of GWF (i.e., groundwater abstraction C and groundwater contribution to the environmental flow E) was conducted. Policymakers may use the survey findings as a tool to map GDEs services such as supply potential. Additionally, the developed assessment matrices provide information on potential hotspots of anthropogenic activities impacting components C and E.
Investigation of fracture properties and microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) restoration in coal mining areas within the diverse Terrain of Northern Shaanxi, China
Authors: Gao Ying , Mohamad Ismail Mohd Ashraf , Li Tao , Yan Jingwang , Sun Qiang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The complex and diverse nature of coal mining sites, including different landforms and working conditions, presents challenges for rehabilitation efforts. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive experimental study focusing on microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) remediation, considering the fracture characteristics of coal mining sites. The MICP-restored samples were subjected to confined/unconfined compressive strength, uniaxial/triaxial permeability, and souring tests to assess their restoration efficacy. The results showed that under similar mining conditions, the average depth of parallel fractures was 0.185 m for loess ridges, 0.16 m for the valley, and 0.146 m for the blown-sand region, while the average depth for boundary fractures was 0.411 m for loess ridges, 0.178 m for the valley, and 0.268 m for the blown-sand region. Notably, parallel fractures showed negligible filling in all landforms, whereas boundary fractures in the blown-sand region were completely filled with wind-deposited sand. The valley landform was filled with alluvium and wind-deposited sand, whereas the loess landform was filled with wind-deposited sand and loess. MICP-restored soil samples in all landforms achieved a strength comparable to remolded fracture-free soil samples. Across all landforms, the maximum permeability coefficient of MICP-restored soil samples closely matched that of remolded fracture-free soil samples. Under similar topographic and rainfall conditions MICP restorations scoured 31.3 g on blown-sand region, 19.3 g on loess ridges, and 17.6 g on valleys. These research findings provide an experimental foundation for MICP repair of coal mining ground fractures.
»Deutsch, eine nagelneue Sprache«
Authors: Künkel Veronika Elisabeth 
Published: January 2025

Zusammenfassung
Das Verhältnis zwischen Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft ist in der Germanistik immer wieder Gegenstand innerfachlicher Debatten. Nach Phasen der Entfremdung sind aktuell Tendenzen der Annäherungen entlang von Inhalten zu verzeichnen, in die auch der vorliegende Beitrag einzuordnen ist. Von der kulturwissenschaftlichen Linguistik kommend und mit einem Fokus auf Fragen der Interkulturalität wendet er sich dem Themenkomplex Sprache(n) und Zugehörigkeit(en) in literarischen Texten mehrsprachiger Schriftsteller*innen zu. Konkret wird danach gefragt, welche subjektgebundenen Erfahrungen der In- und Exklusion, welche Emotionalisierungen und welche diskursiven Positionierungen entlang von Sprache in diesen Texten sichtbar werden. Den Ausgangspunkt hierfür bildet das Konzept des Spracherlebens, das mit der Positioning Theory bzw. Analysis verbunden wird, um ein linguistisches Verfahren der subjektorientierten Mehrsprachigkeitsforschung zur Analyse literarischer Texte zu entwickeln. Unter Rückgriff auf einen Ausschnitt aus Dinçer Güçyeters Roman Unser Deutschlandmärchen wird exemplarisch veranschaulicht, welche Einblicke dadurch in sprachgebundene Fragen der Zugehörigkeit, damit verbundene Emotionalisierungen und diskursive Positionierungen gewonnen werden können. So zeigt der Beitrag einerseits, inwiefern literarische Texte als wichtige Stimmen – v. a. Gegenstimmen – in öffentlichen Diskursen über Sprache(n) und Zugehörigkeit(en) zu werten sind. Andererseits wird veranschaulicht, welche Schnittstellen zwischen Linguistik und Literaturwissenschaft sich über die Auseinandersetzung mit Themen und Inhalten ergeben.
An unusual association of emphysema and interstitial disease
Authors: Damiani Ferretti Margherita , Rimondi Maria Rita , Zompatori Maurizio 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Many lung diseases are smoking-related. Among them, tumors, centrilobular and bullous paraseptal emphysema and fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (fibrosing ILDs), especially those with a usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern, are the most important entities. One may think it is easy to recognize emphysema on a chest X-ray (CXR) or on a high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). However, the combination of emphysema and fibrosis can be found in many interstitial lung diseases, characterized by different radiologic features, course and prognosis. Moreover, quite frequently more than just one pattern can be detected in a single patient on biopsy, lung function tests and imaging. This may lead to diagnostic challenges and consequent misdiagnosis, as it all depends on the radiologist’s knowledge and experience. However, these entities are well known and the purpose of this article is to describe the less common radiologic features of the association of emphysema and fibrosis. In fact, we will discuss the case of a patient affected by airspace enlargement with fibrosis (AEF), which is thought to have a stable course, without exacerbations and progressive worsening of symptoms, lung function tests and imaging. However, our patient, whose lung samples also underwent pathologic evaluation, is an exception.
Income, education, and policy priorities
Authors: Tausanovitch Chris , Holliday Derek E. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Are people's priorities associated with their income and education levels? There is a long history in political science of claims that priorities are driven by economic interests, but also that low-income and low-education people fail to prioritize their economic interests. In this paper we use measures of revealed importance from [Sides J, Tausanovitch C and Vavreck L (2023) The Bitter End: The 2020 Presidential Campaign and the hallenge to American Democracy. Princeton University Press.] to evaluate the priorities of high- and low-income/education voters with respect to 44 different policies. It is well known that there are substantial differences in the preferences of people with lower incomes or education levels and people with higher incomes or education levels, but conditional on preferences we find very small differences among education and income groups in terms of priorities. Like high-income and high-education voters, lower-income and education voters care most about the major issues of the day. They do not care systematically more or less than other voters about policies that expand social welfare, redistribution, or labor rights.
A new model for radiocarbon dating of marine shells from the Netherlands
Authors: van der Plicht J , Streurman H J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A new model for the interpretation of radiocarbon (14C) dates of Holocene marine shells is presented. For the Netherlands, the size of reservoir effect is difficult to assess, as these shells often lived in an environment of mixed marine- and river waters. Both stable isotopes 13C and 18O of the shell carbonate give insight in the environmental conditions the shells lived in. River water occurs in two main categories, distinguished by 18O: the Rhine which is dominant, and other rivers. This leads to two estuary mixing lines between the North Sea and rivers. The stable isotopes of the shell carbonate are also indicative for additional processes, such as uptake of secondary carbonate from the soil by shells, and exchange of C isotopes between atmosphere and water. Extensions of the main model deal with special cases such as pools of stagnant water and lakes. The model leads to an assessment of the recent 14C activities of the system the shells lived in, called 14aSYS. The measured 14C activities relative to these 14aSYS values determine the 14C age of the shells and include the reservoir effect. This way we circumvent normalizing to δ13C = –25‰, i.e. the terrestrial timescale and the subsequent correction for reservoir effects. The model is applied to a large legacy dataset of marine shells from the Netherlands, obtained during the last 7 decades. It contains 1116 14C dated shells; for the majority of these, the 3 isotopes 13C, 14C and 18O are measured.
Proposing the DN(C)-model of material evidence for well-calibrated claims about past cultures
Authors: Grüning David J. , Grüning Lukas J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Stibbard-Hawkes presents a much-needed case for distinguishing between different types of evidence for cognition in past cultures. However, he does not outline an applicable approach for moving forward in making claims about the cognition of past cultures. We present an initial model for calibrating both absolute and comparative claims about past cultures' cognition and other traits.
Archaeology retains a central role for studying the behavioral and cognitive evolution of our species and genus
Authors: Will Manuel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Our species' behavioral and cognitive evolution constitute a key research topic across many scientific disciplines. Based on ethnographic hunter-gatherer data, Stibbard-Hawkes challenges the common link made between past material culture and cognitive capacities. Despite this adequate criticism, archaeology must retain a central role for studying these issues due to its unique access to relevant empirical evidence in deep time.
Beyond the binary: Inferential challenges and solutions in cognitive archaeology
Authors: Liu Cheng , Stout Dietrich 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We welcome Stibbard-Hawkes's empirical contributions and discussion of interpretive challenges for archaeology, but question some of his characterizations and conclusions. Moving beyond critique, it is time to develop new research methods that eschew simplistic modern/premodern binaries. We advocate an inductive, probabilistic approach using multiple lines of evidence to infer the causes and consequences of behavioral variability across time and space.
“Bringing ‘The Magic Carpet Up to Date’: Imperial Airways in Iraq, 1920–1932”
Authors: Shakir Laith 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Scholars working on mandate Iraq have demonstrated the centrality of indiscriminate air power in the British Empire's “policing” tactics, recognising an intimate link between the Royal Air Force and mandatory rule. Less clear, however, is how Iraq's emergence as a node in interwar commercial aviation routes was also the product of British control. Foregrounding the activities of the British airline Imperial Airways (1924–1939) sheds light on the imperial roots of air tourism in Iraq. Using government records and the archives of Imperial Airways—alongside popular press books, magazines, newspapers, and ephemeral promotional material—this article draws attention to how Imperial Airways’ proponents talked about air travel in Iraq both as a boon for the British Empire and as a means of “developing” the mandated state itself. In this latter vein, promoters of “air-mindedness” emphasised Iraq's antiquity for multiple ends. First, and perhaps most obvious, to make it more enticing for tourists. Second, they juxtaposed an image of Iraq as frozen in the past with aviation's modernising potential. Ultimately, in foregrounding civic aviation, this article aims to contribute to the nascent historiography of tourism in Iraq alongside broader debates about transportation infrastructure, culture, and empire in the interwar period.
Tourism, Space and Agency: Unpacking Māori Guides’ Creation of “Imagined Whakarewarewa”
Authors: Keithley Candida 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the late nineteenth century, the highlight of many Europeans’ visit to New Zealand's ‘thermal wonderland’ was a guided tour of Whakarewarewa – the Māori village and adjoining thermal belt. From the outset, the villagers controlled tourism on their land. However, the settler government was also keen to control tourism in the region. This paper examines the villagers’ resistance to the government's attempts to take over. While initially able to mitigate governmental interference, once they lost ownership of the lucrative thermal belt to the Crown, their physical control over this land receded. However, tourist guiding provided village women with the opportunity to enact another form of agency: to retain control over how the land was (re)presented to others. Indeed, the guides created, controlled and shared their representation of Whakarewarewa with large numbers of tourists. Ignoring the government's imposed ‘legal’ boundaries, the guides incorporated ‘sights’ from both Te Arawa and Crown-owned land, thus constructing imagined Whakarewarewa as a single ‘place.’ While the historiography often focuses on tourism as a tool of colonisation, this paper demonstrates that through guiding the women of Whakarewarewa challenged the supposed substantive sovereignty of the Crown and undermined the cultural processes of colonisation.
Urban temporal infrastructures in nineteenth-century Paris
Authors: Dikeç Mustafa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The nineteenth century was an era of rapid urban growth, increasing temporal awareness, and a rising demand for precision. Time measurement and display became particularly important in this context, not just for scientific or military purposes, but also for administrations, businesses and for the general public. There was, however, one significant problem: making all the public clocks show the same and correct time, which led to the development of urban temporal infrastructures as symbols of urban modernity and a source of civic pride. This article presents an account of the origins of two temporal infrastructures in Paris, focusing particularly on the electrical network devised by the scientists of the Paris Observatory.
Implications of the fair processes for financing UHC report for development assistance: reflections and an application of the decision-making principles to PEPFAR
Authors: Bennett Sara , Merritt Maria W. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The framework presented in the World Bank report Open and Inclusive: Fair processes for Financing Universal Health Coverage effectively connects proposed decision-making principles with practical examples that country governments can use to pursue greater fairness. In this commentary, we consider the suggestion that international development partners might use the report's criteria to examine their own processes. We consider what the report's primary Fair Process principles – equality, impartiality and consistency – imply for development partners. Specifically, we address two questions in turn: (i) how relevant the Fair Processes report is to development assistance for health; (ii) if it is deemed relevant, what practical implications does the report have for how aid works? We address the second question by briefly applying the framework to a particular global health initiative, namely the United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). Our analysis suggests that development partners' additional sets of accountabilities, particularly linked to funding sources, may pose more fundamental challenges to impartiality than to equality and consistency in decision-making processes. A question inviting further examination, then, is how development partners can redesign their processes to optimise impartiality given institutional constraints that bind them independently of the populations they purport to serve.
Χαρτοφυλάκιον/Scrinium: An integrating activity for monitoring and assessing the learning of classical languages
Authors: Villegas-Rodríguez Sofía , Forero-Álvarez Ronald , Calderón-Velasco Fernando Alexander 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article presents an adaptation of the recent e-portfolio learning strategy, named Χαρτοφυλάκιον in ancient Greek and Scrinium in Latin, which significantly enhances the learning and assessment of classical languages in a philosophical academic setting. Developed at the University of La Sabana, this approach synergises constructivist and experiential learning theories to actively involve students in their educational journey, encouraging deeper engagement with the acquisition of ancient Greek and Latin. The e-portfolio encompasses a comprehensive spectrum of student work, from translations and grammatical exercises to philosophical reflections and cultural analyses, all while integrating the creative element of ancient artistic inspiration. The assessment of this didactic strategy employs a custom e-rubric, designed to evaluate organisational skills, independent study, engagement with primary sources, artistic integration, and coherent philosophically reflective insights. Feedback garnered from an anonymous student survey indicates that the e-portfolio not only substantiates students’ intellectual growth but also significantly enriches the learning experience, as evidenced by increased student interest and critical inquiry. The results affirm the e-portfolio’s role in fostering a holistic and interactive learning environment that promotes the students’ autonomy and critical thinking. This research contributes to pedagogical discourse by providing a model for applying reflective, project-based learning frameworks to classical studies. This paper is a product of the project Proteus I: Development of Virtual Environments for Experiential Learning in the Humanities.