bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Potential Resuscitation Route on Battlefield: Immediate Intraperitoneal Fluid Administration Post-burn Shows Satisfactory Fluid Absorption and Anti-shock Effects
Authors: Liu Zhaoxing , Li Dawei , Ma Jinglong , Liu Xinzhu , Zhang Bohan , Qi Zhaolai , Zhang Wen , Yuan Huageng , Niu Yuezeng , Shen Chuanan 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Timely fluid resuscitation remains the key to the early treatment of severe burns. Intraperitoneal (IP) fluid administration is a simple, rapid resuscitation strategy via a puncture in the abdominal wall. This study aimed to evaluate the fluid absorption and anti-shock effects of IP delivery in the early stage after severe burns.

Materials and Methods
A 30% total body surface area full-thickness burn model was established using male C57BL/6 mice. A total of 126 mice were randomly assigned into six groups (n = 21): the sham injury group (SHAM), the burn group without fluid resuscitation (NR), and the four IP resuscitation groups (IP-A/B/C/D, each being intraperitoneally administered with 60, 80, 100, and 120 mL/kg of sodium lactate Ringer’s solution post-injury). Three-hour post-burn, six mice in each group were randomly selected and sacrificed for blood and tissue sampling to detect the IP fluid absorption rate and evaluate organ damage because of low perfusion. The remaining 15 mice in each group were observed for the vital signs within 48-h post-injury, and their survival rate was calculated.

Results
The 48-h survival rate increased in the IP-A (40.0%), IP-B (66.7%), IP-C (60.0%), and IP-D (13.3%) groups, compared with the NR group (0%). The mean arterial pressure, body temperature, and heart rate of mice were significantly stabilized in the IP groups. For the first 3-h post-injury, the absorption rates of groups IP-A (74.3% ± 9.5%) and IP-B (73.3% ± 6.9%) were significantly higher than those of groups IP-C (59.7% ± 7.1%) and IP-D (48.7% ± 5.7%). The levels of arterial blood pH, partial pressure of oxygen, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, lactate, and hematocrit were better maintained in the IP groups. Intraperitoneal resuscitation remarkably reduced the injury scores in burn-induced histopathology of the liver, kidneys, lungs, and intestines, accompanied by decreased alanine transaminase, creatinine, interleukin-1, and tumor necrosis factor-α in plasma, and augmented superoxide dismutase 2 and inhibited malondialdehyde in tissues. Group IP-B has the best performance for these indices.

Conclusions
Intraperitoneal administration of isotonic saline post-burn can be adequately and rapidly absorbed, thereby boosting circulation and perfusion, precluding shock, alleviating organ damage caused by ischemia and hypoxia, and significantly increasing the survival rate. This technique, with a potential to be a supplement to existing resuscitation methods on the battlefield, is worth further investigation.
National Guard Deployment in Support of COVID-19: Psychological and Behavioral Health
Authors: Mash Holly B Herberman , Fullerton Carol S , Adler Amy B , Morganstein Joshua C , Biggs Quinn M , Ursano Robert J 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The National Guard (NG) served as a critical component of the USA’s response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, while concurrently managing their personal responses to the pandemic. Determining whether the activation of NG service members in response to the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a greater psychological strain can identify NG’s needs for mental health support.

Materials and Methods
We surveyed 3993 NG unit (NGU) service members (75% Army NG, 79% enlisted, 52% 30-49 years old, and 81% males) during the COVID-19 pandemic, with surveys administered between August and November 2020. Almost half (46%) of NGU service members reported being activated in response to COVID-19 (mean activation length = 18.6 weeks). Activated service members completed the survey approximately 2 to 3 months post-activation. Surveys assessed demographics, service-related characteristics, unit cohesion and positive leadership skills (leadership), and COVID-19 activation, and outcomes including probable post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), clinically significant anxiety and depression, and anger. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were conducted. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences in Bethesda, MD.

Results
In all, 9.7% met the criteria for probable PTSD, 7.6% reported clinically significant anxiety and depression, and 13.2% reported feeling angry/anger outbursts. Multivariate logistic regression analyses, adjusting for demographic and service-related characteristics, indicated that COVID-19 activation was not associated with a greater risk of PTSD, anxiety and depression, or anger. Regardless of activation status, NGU service members with low levels of unit cohesion and leadership were more likely to report PTSD and anger, and low levels of unit cohesion were associated with clinically significant anxiety and depression.

Conclusions
COVID-19 activation did not increase the risk of mental health difficulties among NGU service members. However, low levels of unit cohesion were associated with the risk of PTSD, anxiety and depression, and anger, and low levels of leadership were associated with the risk of PTSD and anger. The results suggest a resilient psychological response to COVID-19 activation and the potential for strengthening all NG service members through enhancing unit cohesion and leadership support. Future research on specific activation exposures, including the type of work tasks in which service members are engaged, particularly those associated with high-stress work conditions, is needed to help better understand their activation experience and how it may influence post-activation responses.
Myotonometry is Capable of Reliably Obtaining Trunk and Thigh Muscle Stiffness Measures in Military Cadets During Standing and Squatting Postures
Authors: McGowen Jared M , Hoppes Carrie W , Forsse Jeff S , Albin Stephanie R , Abt John , Koppenhaver Shane L 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Low back and lower extremity injuries are responsible for the highest percentage of musculoskeletal injuries in U.S. Army soldiers. Execution of common soldier tasks as well as army combat fitness test events such as the three-repetition maximum deadlift depends on healthy functioning trunk and lower extremity musculature to minimize the risk of injury. To assist with appropriate return to duty decisions following an injury, reliable and valid tests and measures must be applied by military health care providers. Myotonometry is a noninvasive method to assess muscle stiffness, which has demonstrated significant associations with physical performance and musculoskeletal injury. The aim of this study is to determine the test–retest reliability of myotonometry in lumbar spine and thigh musculature across postures (standing and squatting) that are relevant to common soldier tasks and the maximum deadlift.

Materials and Methods
Repeat muscle stiffness measures were collected in 30 Baylor University Army Cadets with 1 week between each measurement. Measures were collected in the vastus lateralis (VL), biceps femoris (BF), lumbar multifidus (LM), and longissimus thoracis (LT) muscles with participants in standing and squatting positions. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs3,2) were estimated, and their 95% CIs were calculated based on a mean rating, mixed-effects model.

Results
The test–retest reliability (ICC3,2) of the stiffness measures was good to excellent in all muscles across the standing position (ICCs: VL = 0.94 [0.87–0.97], BF = 0.97 [0.93–0.98], LM = 0.96 [0.91–0.98], LT = 0.81 [0.59–0.91]) and was excellent in all muscles across the squatting position (ICCs: VL = 0.95 [0.89–0.98], BF = 0.94 [0.87–0.97], LM = 0.96 [0.92–0.98], LT = 0.93 [0.86–0.97]).

Conclusion
Myotonometry can reliably acquire stiffness measures in trunk and lower extremity muscles of healthy individuals in standing and squatting postures. These results may expand the research and clinical applications of myotonometry to identify muscular deficits and track intervention effectiveness. Myotonometry should be used in future studies to investigate muscle stiffness in these body positions in populations with musculoskeletal injuries and in research investigating the performance and rehabilitative intervention effectiveness.
Modelling supernova nebular lines in 3D with extrass
Authors: van Baal Bart F A , Jerkstrand Anders , Wongwathanarat Annop , Janka Hans-Thomas 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
We present EXplosive TRAnsient Spectral Simulator (extrass), a newly developed code aimed at generating 3D spectra for supernovae in the nebular phase by using modern multidimensional explosion models as input. It is well established that supernovae are asymmetric by nature, and that the morphology is encoded in the line profiles during the nebular phase, months after the explosion. In this work, we use extrass to study one such simulation of a $3.3\, \mathrm{ M}_\odot$ He-core explosion ($M_\text{ejecta}=1.3\, M_\odot$, $E_\text{kin}=1.05\times 10^{51}\,$erg) modelled with the Prometheus-HotB code and evolved to the homologous phase. Our code calculates the energy deposition from the radioactive decay of 56Ni → 56Co → 56Fe and uses this to determine the Non-Local-Thermodynamic-Equilibrium temperature, excitation, and ionization structure across the nebula. From the physical condition solutions we generate the emissivities to construct spectra depending on viewing angles. Our results show large variations in the line profiles with viewing angles, as diagnosed by the first three moments of the line profiles; shifts, widths, and skewness. We compare line profiles from different elements, and study the morphology of line-of-sight slices that determine the flux at each part of a line profile. We find that excitation conditions can sometimes make the momentum vector of the ejecta emitting in the excited states significantly different from that of the bulk of the ejecta of the respective element, thus giving blueshifted lines for bulk receding material, and vice versa. We compare the 3.3 M⊙ He-core model to observations of the Type Ib supernova SN 2007Y.
A mutually embedded perception model for solar corona
Authors: Zhao Jingmin , Feng Xueshang , Xiang Changqing , Jiang Chaowei 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
This paper proposes a new mutually embedded perception model (MEPM) based on the 3D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations of the solar wind plasma to reconstruct the structure of the solar corona. The goal is to embed the physics-based information and gradient into solar wind parameters data through the neural network and leverage the adaptive procedures to improve solution accuracy. The loss term proportional to the divergence is directly introduced to force a divergence-free solution. The established MEPM displays almost the same results as the exact solution for an artificial 3D analytic problem and the Parker solar wind for 1D steady Parker flow with the corresponding boundary conditions. The MEPM can well capture the solar coronal leading structures, recover the results of the traditional numerical schemes, and be consistent with the observations with CR 2068 as an example. When supplementary data (from the results of the MHD simulation or empirical models) are used, the modeled results improve. This implies that in situ satellite observations as supplementary data can be incorporated into the model in the same way.
CLEAN imaging systematics of M87 radio jet
Authors: Pashchenko I N , Kravchenko E V , Nokhrina E E , Nikonov A S 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
The spectral index images of the jet in the nearby radio galaxy M87 have previously been shown with Very Long Baseline Interferometric arrays at 2–43 GHz. They exhibit flattening of the spectra at a location of inner (central) spine and towards outer ridges. This could imply optical depth effects, lower energy cut-off, or stratification of the emitting particles energy distribution. In this paper, we employ simulations of multifrequency VLBI observations of M87 radio jet with various model brightness distributions. CLEAN deconvolution errors produce significant features in the observed images. For intensity images, they result in the appearance of the inner ridge line in the intrinsically edge brightened jet models. For spectral index images, they flatten the spectra in a series of stripes along the jet. Another bias encountered in our simulations is steepening of the spectra in a low surface brightness jet regions. These types of the imaging artefacts do not depend on the model considered. We propose a method for the compensation of the systematics using only the observed data.
Rotation curves and dynamical masses of MaNGA barred galaxies
Authors: Schmidt Eduardo O , Mast Damián , Gaspar Gaia , Weidmann Walter 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
In this paper we analyse a sample of 46 barred galaxies of MaNGA. Our goal is to investigate the stellar kinematics of these galaxies and obtain their rotation curves. Additionally, we aim to derive the total stellar and dynamical masses, as well as the maximum rotation velocity, in order to examine their distributions and scaling relations. Using the Pipe3D dataproducts publicly available we obtained the rotation curves, which were fitted considering two components of an axisymmetric Miyamoto–Nagai gravitational potential. We found a wide range of the maximum rotation velocities (117–340 ${\rm km\, s^{-1}}$), with a mean value of 200 ${\rm km\, s^{-1}}$. In addition we found that the total stellar and dynamical masses are in the range of log(Mstar/M⊙) = 10.1−11.5, with a mean value of log(Mstar/M⊙) = 10.8, and log(Mdyn/M⊙) = 10.4−12.0, with a mean value of log(Mdyn/M⊙) = 11.1, respectively. We found a strong correlation between dynamical mass and maximum velocity, between maximum velocity and magnitude, and between stellar mass and maximum velocity. According to these results, barred galaxies exhibit similar behaviour to that of normal spiral galaxies with respect to these relations, as well as in terms of the distribution of their dynamical mass and maximum rotation velocity. However, we found that the distribution of stellar masses of barred galaxies is statistically different from other samples including non-barred galaxies. Finally, analysing the galaxies that show nuclear activity, we find no difference with the rotation curves of normal galaxies.
The role of soft photon injection and heating in 21 cm cosmology
Authors: Acharya Sandeep Kumar , Cyr Bryce , Chluba Jens 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
The ARCADE radio excess and EDGES measurement remain puzzling. A link between the two has been previously considered, however, in this work we highlight an important related effect that was not analysed in detail before. By performing cosmological thermalization calculations with soft photon injection using cosmotherm, we show that for the 21 cm signal generation, the interplay between enhanced radio spectral distortions and the associated heating can hide a significant radio excess before the reionization era. We illustrate this effect for a simple power-law soft photon source in decaying particle scenarios. Even if simplistic, the uncovered link between CMB spectral distortions and 21 cm cosmology should apply to a much broader range of scenarios. This could significantly affect the constraints derived from existing and future 21 cm observations on the evolution of the ambient radio background. In particular, scenarios that would be ruled out by existing data without heating could become viable solutions once the heating is accounted for in the modelling. Our calculations furthermore highlight the importance of global 21 cm observations reaching into the dark ages, where various scenarios can potentially be distinguished.
An Ancestral Balanced Inversion Polymorphism Confers Global Adaptation
Authors: Kapun Martin , Mitchell Esra Durmaz , Kawecki Tadeusz J , Schmidt Paul , Flatt Thomas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSince the pioneering work of Dobzhansky in the 1930s and 1940s, many chromosomal inversions have been identified, but how they contribute to adaptation remains poorly understood. In Drosophila melanogaster, the widespread inversion polymorphism In(3R)Payne underpins latitudinal clines in fitness traits on multiple continents. Here, we use single-individual whole-genome sequencing, transcriptomics, and published sequencing data to study the population genomics of this inversion on four continents: in its ancestral African range and in derived populations in Europe, North America, and Australia. Our results confirm that this inversion originated in sub-Saharan Africa and subsequently became cosmopolitan; we observe marked monophyletic divergence of inverted and noninverted karyotypes, with some substructure among inverted chromosomes between continents. Despite divergent evolution of this inversion since its out-of-Africa migration, derived non-African populations exhibit similar patterns of long-range linkage disequilibrium between the inversion breakpoints and major peaks of divergence in its center, consistent with balancing selection and suggesting that the inversion harbors alleles that are maintained by selection on several continents. Using RNA-sequencing, we identify overlap between inversion-linked single-nucleotide polymorphisms and loci that are differentially expressed between inverted and noninverted chromosomes. Expression levels are higher for inverted chromosomes at low temperature, suggesting loss of buffering or compensatory plasticity and consistent with higher inversion frequency in warm climates. Our results suggest that this ancestrally tropical balanced polymorphism spread around the world and became latitudinally assorted along similar but independent climatic gradients, always being frequent in subtropical/tropical areas but rare or absent in temperate climates.
Physiological responses of plants to in vivo X-ray damage from X-ray fluorescence measurements: insights from anatomical, elemental, histochemical, and ultrastructural analyses
Authors: Montanha Gabriel Sgarbiero , Marques João Paulo Rodrigues , Santos Eduardo , Jones Michael W M , de Carvalho Hudson Wallace Pereira 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) is a powerful technique for the in vivo assessment of plant tissues. However, the potential X-ray exposure damages might affect the structure and elemental composition of living plant tissues, leading to artefacts in the recorded data. Herein, we exposed in vivo soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) leaves to several X-ray doses through a polychromatic benchtop microprobe X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, modulating the photon flux density by adjusting either the beam size, current, or exposure time. Changes in the irradiated plant tissues’ structure, ultrastructure, and physiology were investigated through light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Depending on X-ray exposure dose, decreased K and X-ray scattering intensities and increased Ca, P, and Mn signals on soybean leaves were recorded. Anatomical analysis indicated the necrosis of epidermal and mesophyll cells on the irradiated spots, where TEM images revealed the collapse of cytoplasm and cell wall breaking. Furthermore, the histochemical analysis detected the production of reactive oxygen species and the inhibition of chlorophyll autofluorescence in these areas. Under certain X-ray exposure conditions, e.g. high photon flux density and long exposure time, XRF measurements may affect the soybean leaves structures, elemental composition, and cellular ultrastructure, inducing programmed cell death. Our characterization shed light on the plant's responses to the X-ray-induced radiation damage and might help to establish proper X-ray radiation limits and novel strategies for in vivo benchtop-XRF analysis of vegetal materials.
Lanthanum carbonate, a potent and selective phosphate binder, is transported and absorbed mainly via M cells in gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Huang Hui-Xia , Liu Hui-Xue , Yang Xiao-Gai 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the transportation and absorption mechanism of lanthanum carbonate [La2(CO3)3] through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract using in vitro and in vivo models. The results demonstrated that La2(CO3)3 can be dissolved in gastric fluids and precipitated into lanthanum phosphate as the main transformed specie in intestinal fluid. Using Caco-2 cell monoculture and Caco-2/Raji B cell coculture models to simulate the intestinal epithelium and microfold (M) cells, it was found that the amount of lanthanum transported in Caco-2/Raji B coculture model was significantly higher than that in Caco-2 monoculture model (about 50 times higher), indicating that M cells play an important role in the intestinal absorption of La2(CO3)3. Furthermore, oral administration of La2(CO3)3 to Balb/c mice demonstrated that lanthanum can be absorbed by both Peyer's patches (PPs) and non-PPs intestinal epithelium, with a higher amount of absorption in the PPs per unit weight. This finding further confirmed that the lanthanum absorption in GI tract could be mainly due to the contribution of M cells. Meanwhile, the administration of La2(CO3)3 caused a marked lanthanum accumulation in liver, accompanied by the activation of Kupffer cells. This study clarified how La2(CO3)3 is absorbed through the GI tract to enter the body and would be helpful to evaluate its potential biological consequences of accumulation in human beings.
Defects boost graphitization for highly conductive graphene films
Authors: Zhang Qing , Wei Qinwei , Huang Kun , Liu Zhibo , Ma Wei , Zhang Zehui , Zhang Yanfeng , Cheng Hui-Ming , Ren Wencai 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Fabricating highly crystalline macroscopic films with extraordinary electrical and thermal conductivities from graphene sheets is essential for applications in electronics, telecommunications and thermal management. High-temperature graphitization is the only method known to date for the crystallization of all types of carbon materials, where defects are gradually removed with increasing temperature. However, when using graphene materials as precursors, including graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide and pristine graphene, even lengthy graphitization at 3000°C can only produce graphene films with small grain sizes and abundant structural disorders, which limit their conductivities. Here, we show that high-temperature defects substantially accelerate the grain growth and ordering of graphene films during graphitization, enabling ideal AB stacking as well as a 100-fold, 64-fold and 28-fold improvement in grain size, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, respectively, between 2000°C and 3000°C. This process is realized by nitrogen doping, which retards the lattice restoration of defective graphene, retaining abundant defects such as vacancies, dislocations and grain boundaries in graphene films at a high temperature. With this approach, a highly ordered crystalline graphene film similar to highly oriented pyrolytic graphite is fabricated, with electrical and thermal conductivities (∼2.0 × 104 S cm−1; ∼1.7 × 103 W m−1 K−1) that are improved by about 6- and 2-fold, respectively, compared to those of the graphene films fabricated by graphene oxide. Such graphene film also exhibits a superhigh electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of ∼90 dB at a thickness of 10 μm, outperforming all the synthetic materials of comparable thickness including MXene films. This work not only paves the way for the technological application of highly conductive graphene films but also provides a general strategy to efficiently improve the synthesis and properties of other carbon materials such as graphene fibers, carbon nanotube fibers, carbon fibers, polymer-derived graphite and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite.