bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perovskite modified catalysts with improved coke resistance for steam reforming of glycerol to renewable hydrogen fuel
Authors: Umar Ahmed , Thotyl Musthafa Ottakam 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCatalytic steam reforming of renewable feedstock to renewable energy or chemicals always goes with intense coking activities that produce carbonaceous products leading to low performance and eventual catalyst deactivation. Supported metal catalyst such as Ni/Al2O3 is known to catalysed gasification and decomposition of biomass feedstock largely for renewable fuel production with promising results. Catalyst deactivation from high carbon deposition, agglomeration and phase transformations resulting to rapid deactivation are some of the issues identified with the use of the catalyst. In this work, improvement on the coke resistance and catalytic properties of Ni/Al2O3 catalyst is sought via the use of a thermally stable and coke‐resistant perovskite La0.75Sr0.25Cr0.5Mn0.5O3‐δ (LSCM) as catalyst promoter/modifier and involving Zirconia‐doped Ceria (Ce‐Zr) as alternative support in steam reforming of pure and by‐product glycerol. The stabilizing influence of the LSCM on the Ni catalyst has improved stability against agents of deactivation with a consequent significant improvement of catalytic activity of Ni/Al2O3 in H2 production and robust suppression of carbon deposition. Particularly, the synergy between the LSCM promoter and alternative Ce0.75Zr0.25O2 support enhanced the basic and redox properties known for Ce0.75Zr0.25O2 support in contrast to the week acid centres in γ‐Al2O3 support which further improved nickel stability, catalyst–support interaction with a resultant high catalytic activity and robust coke suppression as a result of enhanced oxygen mobility. There is correlation between the product distribution, nature of coke deposited and reforming temperature as well as type of support and structural modification. Hence, integration of a robust perovskite material as a catalyst promoter and choice of support could be tailored in design and development of robust catalyst systems to improve the performance of supported metal catalysts, particularly the suppression of carbon deposition for hydrocarbon and biomass conversion to renewable fuel or chemicals.
Evaluation of bone marrow aspirates using the automated hematology analyzer Sysmex XN‐3000
Authors: Tsuchiya Koji , Kimura Konobu , Ai Tomohiko , Yamamoto Takamasa , Nagasaka Kaori , Takemura Hiroyuki , Edahiro Yoko , Saito Kaori , Horiuchi Yuki , Misawa Shigeki , Takaku Tomoiku , Ando Jun , Ando Miki , Miida Takashi , Uchihashi Kinya , Tabe Yoko 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionThis study evaluated the feasibility of the Sysmex XN‐3000 automated hematology analyzer for the assessment of total nucleated cells (TNC) and bone marrow (BM) cell density in routine bone marrow aspiration (BMA) samples.MethodsA total of 54 BMA samples from 39 hematological patients were evaluated. The number of megakaryocytes was calculated by a specific gating algorithm using the body fluid mode of the WBC differential (WDF) channel. Lipid contents were calculated through a newly developed algorithm utilizing the WDF channel. The ratio of lipid particles over TNCs by the WNR channel was compared with the BM cellularity assessed by the BM biopsy. The myeloid/erythroid (M/E) ratio was calculated by measuring the number of myeloid cells in the WDF channel and the number of nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs) in the WNR channel.ResultsXN‐3000 counts and microscopic results showed a linear correlation in TNC (R2 = .98, p < .001), megakaryocytes (R2 = .59, p = .002), NRBC (R2 = .84, p < .001), and M/E ratio (R2 = .59, p < .001). There were significant differences in the lipid/TNC ratios of hypercellular, normocellular, and hypocellular BMs measured by XN‐3000 (p < .001). Receiver‐operating characteristic analysis detected cut‐off values of the lipid/TNC ratio of >0.4054 for hypoplasia and <0.157 for hyperplasia. The sensitivity and specificity for hypoplasia were 100% and 88%, and for hyperplasia were 89% and 86%, respectively.ConclusionXN‐3000 provides a quantitative assessment of BM cellularity, supporting the qualitative assessment by myelogram and BM biopsy.
Psychological impacts of transition to distance learning due to COVID‐19 on nursing students
Authors: Rayan Ahmad 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess the psychological impacts of the abrupt transition to distance learning due to COVID‐19 and associated factors among Jordanian nursing students. A cross‐sectional online survey with a sample of 224 nursing students in three universities was carried out. The survey measured students' depression, anxiety, stress, post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), academic self‐efficacy, and demographic and distance learning‐related data. Students have moderate levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Depression, anxiety, stress, and PTSD were significantly associated with various demographic, disease‐related, and distance learning‐related variables. Further work is required to prepare professional psychological help for nursing students and develop future teaching plans that take into consideration factors underlying students' negative symptoms.
Informal workers and Kenya’s National Hospital Insurance Fund: Identifying barriers to voluntary participation
Authors: Indimuli Raphael , Torm Nina , Mitullah Winnie , Riisgaard Lone , Kamau Anne W. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article investigates the barriers to informal workers’ voluntary participation in Kenya’s national health insurance scheme – the National Hospital Insurance Fund. Based on primary data from both qualitative and quantitative methods, we find that the key determinants of enrolment include social factors, such as marital status, which create demand for insurance, and the role of informal workers’ associations that promote the voluntary uptake of health insurance and prevent default through contribution support. Participation barriers and reasons for inactiveness stem from the nature of informal work characterized by irregular earnings, which combine with apprehension about having to pay penalty charges for the late payment of premiums, inadequate levels of knowledge about health insurance schemes, institutional constraints such as complex registration procedures, as well as premium costs and poor‐quality services, all of which discourage enrolment or the reactivation of lapsed membership. There is thus a need for health insurance schemes, such as Kenya’s National Hospital Insurance Fund, to educate informal workers on insurance services and protocols and to improve services to encourage uptake and reduce default behaviour.
Opting for Opt‐outs? National Identities and Support for a Differentiated EU
Authors: Moland Martin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAn extensive literature investigates individual support for European integration. However, support for differentiated integration has only recently become an important topic of study for public opinion scholars. Previous literature on this issue has not probed how differentiated integration is shaped by exclusively national identities and whether the effect varies by how differentiation has been framed. Using survey data from 2020 to 2021, I show that exclusively national citizens are most likely to support differentiated integration that allows for greater national autonomy and may oppose differentiation whose primary goal is to facilitate further integration. However, I find no clear link between elite framing of differentiated integration and popular support for it. This raises important questions both about what kind of differentiated integration will enjoy public legitimacy and how cues shape support for European Union (EU) differentiation.
Phylogenomics of novel ploeotid taxa contribute to the backbone of the euglenid tree
Authors: Lax Gordon , Cho Anna , Keeling Patrick J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEuglenids are a diverse group of flagellates that inhabit most environments and exhibit many different nutritional modes. The most prominent euglenids are phototrophs, but phagotrophs constitute the majority of phylogenetic diversity of euglenids. They are pivotal to our understanding of euglenid evolution, yet we are only starting to understand relationships amongst phagotrophs, with the backbone of the tree being most elusive. Ploeotids make up most of this backbone diversity—yet despite their morphological similarities, SSU rDNA analyses and multigene analyses show that they are non‐monophyletic. As more ploeotid diversity is sampled, known taxa have coalesced into some subgroups (e.g. Alistosa), but the relationships amongst these are not always supported and some taxa remain unsampled for multigene phylogenetics. Here, we used light microscopy and single‐cell transcriptomics to characterize five ploeotid euglenids and place them into a multigene phylogenetic framework. Our analyses place Decastava in Alistosa; while Hemiolia branches with Liburna, establishing the novel clade Karavia. We describe Hemiolia limna, a freshwater‐dwelling species in an otherwise marine clade. Intriguingly, two undescribed ploeotids are found to occupy pivotal positions in the tree: Chelandium granulatum nov. gen. nov. sp. branches as sister to Olkasia, and Gaulosia striata nov. gen. nov. sp. remains an orphan taxon.
Autumn outmigrants in brown trout (Salmo trutta) are not a demographic dead‐end
Authors: Wynne Robert , Kaufmann Joshka , Coughlan Jamie , Phillips Karl. P. , Waters Catherine , Finlay Ross W. , Rogan Ger , Poole Russell , McGinnity Philip , Reed Thomas E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGenetic identity analysis and PIT (passive integrated transponder) tagging were used to examine the freshwater return rates and phenotypic characteristics of n = 1791 downstream migrating juvenile Salmo trutta in the Burrishoole catchment (northwest Ireland) across the period September 2017 to December 2020. In this system, juveniles out‐migrate (move from freshwater into brackish or marine habitats) in every month of the year, with distinct seasonal peaks in spring (March through June; mostly silvered smolts) and autumn (September through December; mostly younger, unsilvered fry or parr). Both types exhibited a sex‐bias towards females, which was stronger in spring (78% females) than in autumn outmigrants (67%). Sixty‐nine returning fish were matched back to previous juvenile outmigrants, and similar return rates were found for spring outmigrants (5.0%), autumn outmigrants (3.3%) and fish that out‐migrated outside of spring or autumn (2.8%). Spring and autumn outmigrants returned at similar dates (typically mid to late July), but autumn fish were away for longer periods (median = 612 days; spring outmigrants = 104 days). Autumn outmigrants were 25% smaller than spring outmigrants at outmigration and 6% smaller on their return, and within both groups smaller/younger outmigrants spent longer away than larger/older outmigrants. Autumn outmigrants were more likely to return unsilvered as “slob” trout (84%) than spring outmigrants (31%), suggesting they make greater use of brackish habitats that might be safer, but less productive, than fully marine habitats. Nonetheless, both types also produced silvered “sea trout” (≥1+ sea‐age), implying neither is locked into a single life‐history strategy. The findings emphasise that autumn outmigrants and the transitional habitats that support their persistence should not be overlooked in salmonid management and conservation.
Association of low occlusal force as an oral hypofunction with the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in Japanese adults
Authors: Okuyama Yusuke , Matsui Daisuke , Ozaki Etsuko , Watanabe Yoshiyuki 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and AimWe investigated whether oral‐dental conditions may be associated with the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in a cross‐sectional study in Japan.MethodsInformation on lifestyle and abdominal symptoms was collected, and oral‐dental examinations were performed from 2013 to 2017. To investigate the association between oral‐dental conditions and IBS, this study used logistic regression analyses adjusted for relevant confounding factors, such as age, sex, BMI, stress, and eating between meals.ResultsThe prevalence of IBS was 484 (13.4%) among 3626 participants. The mean maximum occlusal force in the IBS group was significantly lower than that in the non‐IBS group (0.306 ± 0.192 kN vs. 0.329 ± 0.205 kN, P = 0.014). The maximum occlusal force of the constipation‐type IBS was significantly lower than that of other types of IBS without constipation type (0.269 ± 0.164 kN vs. 0.317 ± 0.198 kN, P = 0.010). Compared with those who had high values of maximum occlusal force (≧0.265 kN), those with a low value of maximum occlusal force (<0.265 kN) had a significantly greater risk for IBS (OR, 1.426; 95% CI, 1.135–1.792; P = 0.002), by multivariate analyses, across different categories of oral‐dental condition in women, not in men. Women who had lowest third occlusal force (<0.206 kN) had approximately 35% significantly greater odds of having IBS compared with those who had highest third occlusal force (≧0.386 kN).ConclusionsResults suggest that a reduction in the maximum occlusal force increases the risk of IBS in Japanese women.
Clinical outcomes in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease patients: a systematic review of prospective studies
Authors: Van Hecke Jonathan , Wauters Lucas , Veereman Gigi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and AimWe studied response and remission rates in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease whose real‐world data were collected prospectively.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed in MEDLINE, Embase, and the Improve Care Now registry from inception until March 17, 2022. Inclusion criteria were prospective studies with patients < 18 years at diagnosis (M0) and minimum follow‐up of 1 year (M12) mentioning disease phenotype and disease activity. Exclusion criteria were (i) reporting disease activity only at diagnosis, (ii) retrospective studies, and (iii) outcome limited to steroid‐free remission. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses Protocols guidelines and the Newcastle‐Ottawa scale were applied. Proportions between groups were compared using a chi‐square test (α = 0.05).ResultsThe search yielded 394 records and 7 inclusions with a sample size ranging from 33 to 390 patients (total population: 888) and a median follow‐up of 1–5 years. Proportions of disease activity differed between M0 and M12 (P < 0.0001) with more inactive (χ2 = 5.5) and less moderate‐to‐severe disease (χ2 = 23) at M12. Interestingly, disease activity after 1 year did not differ globally (P = 0.53). Proportions of disease activity in Crohn's disease only and limited to Belgium significantly differed from baseline after 5 years (P < 0.0001 for evolution) but not between 1‐ and 5‐year follow‐up (P = 0.94).ConclusionsThe few available prospective cohorts reported a significant decrease in disease activity after 1 year, with no global differences. Proportions of disease activity did not differ between 1‐ and 5‐year follow‐up in the Belgian Crohn's disease cohort, suggesting stable disease activity.
Iron, ferroptosis, and ischemic stroke
Authors: Guo Jun , Tuo Qing‐zhang , Lei Peng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOver 30 million people suffer from the consequences of ischemic stroke. The precise molecular mechanism of neuronal damage during ischemic stroke remains unclear; therefore, the effective treatment of post‐ischemic stroke remains a critical challenge. Recently, iron has emerged as a crucial factor in post‐reperfusion injuries, participating in cell peroxidation, excitotoxicity, and a distinctive cell death pathway, namely, ferroptosis. Since iron is tightly regulated in the brain and important for brain functions, the imbalance of its metabolism, including its overload and deficiency, has been shown to impact ischemic stroke outcomes. This review summarizes the current understanding of pathological events associated with iron in ischemic stroke and discusses relevant drug development.image
Automated immunohistochemical quantification of hypoxia biomarkers shows correlation with dysplastic epithelial changes
Authors: Kujan Omar , Siddiqui Ismail , Lee Christopher , Idrees Majdy , Shearston Kate , Farah Camile S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundDysregulation of the hypoxia‐aerobic system has been postulated in various malignancies. Nonetheless, the contribution of hypoxia to oral carcinogenesis is yet to be elucidated. Understanding this mechanism is important for improving diagnostic tools and targeted therapies. This study aimed to assess the dysregulation of hypoxia‐related factors during different stages of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) development.MethodsNinety‐two patients diagnosed clinically with oral leukoplakia or OSCC were included and classified according to their histopathological diagnoses. A panel of seven hypoxia‐related antibodies were used for immunohistochemical staining of each case. Automated quantification of immunostaining was used for objective reporting. Microvessel density was also assessed.ResultsSignificant associations were reported for non‐dysplastic epithelial changes and malignancy for Glut1, HIF‐1α, vascular endothelial growth factor, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(p < 0.005). Similarly, microvessel density significantly increased with the severity of epithelial disorders. A multiple regression model including the H‐score of HIF‐1α and microvessel density could statistically significantly predict the grade of epithelial disorder (p < 0.005). The associated diagnostic accuracy of this approach was 88%.ConclusionsHypoxia‐associated events are observed during early epithelial dysplastic changes and have a potential role in oral carcinogenesis. The level of hypoxia may assist in stratifying the severity of epithelial changes among patients with oral leukoplakia.
Examining Bullying Victimization, Bullying Perpetration, and Positive Childhood Experiences
Authors: Crouch Elizabeth , Figas Kristen , Radcliff Elizabeth , Hunt Ethan T. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe National Academy of Sciences has recognized bullying as a serious public health issue, with the outcomes of bullying immediate and long‐term. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between 7 selected positive childhood experiences, such as having a mentor, and bullying victimization, and bullying perpetration.MethodsWe used cross sectional data from the 2019‐2020 National Survey of Children's Health, children ages 6 to 17 (n = 43,999). Bivariate analyses were used, with p < .05 deemed significant. To examine the association between experiences and bullying victimization or perpetration, multivariable regression models were used.ResultsChildren who experienced any of the following positive childhood experiences had a lower odds of perpetration of bullying victimization: resilient family; safe neighborhood; supportive neighborhood; or connected caregiver. The following covariates had a lower odds of perpetrating bullying, across all models: race other than white, female sex, age of 13 or older, primary language not English, and a guardian education of a high school diploma or less.Implications for School Health Policy, Practice, and EquitySchools can play a formative role in promoting positive childhood experiences identified herein.ConclusionsFindings from this study may be beneficial for educators, policy makers, and child advocacy stakeholders as they design and implement school or community‐based youth development programs.
β‐1,4‐Cellobiohydrolase is involved in full expression of phcA, contributing to the feedback loop in quorum sensing of Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum strain OE1‐1
Authors: Senuma Wakana , Tsuzuki Masayuki , Takemura Chika , Terazawa Yuki , Inoue Kanako , Kiba Akinori , Ohnishi Kouhei , Kai Kenji , Hikichi Yasufumi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAfter infecting roots of tomato plants, the gram‐negative bacterium Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum strain OE1‐1 activates quorum sensing (QS) to induce production of plant cell wall‐degrading enzymes, such as β‐1,4‐endoglucanase (Egl) and β‐1,4‐cellobiohydrolase (CbhA), via the LysR family transcriptional regulator PhcA and then invades xylem vessels to exhibit virulence. The phcA‐deletion mutant (ΔphcA) exhibits neither the ability to infect xylem vessels nor virulence. Compared with strain OE1‐1, the egl‐deletion mutant (Δegl) exhibits lower cellulose degradation activity, lower infectivity in xylem vessels, and reduced virulence. In this study, we analysed functions of CbhA other than cell wall degradation activity that are involved in the virulence of strain OE1‐1. The cbhA‐deletion mutant (ΔcbhA) lacked the ability to infect xylem vessels and displayed loss of virulence, similar to ΔphcA, but exhibited less reduced cellulose degradation activity compared with Δegl. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the phcA expression levels in ΔcbhA were significantly lower than in OE1‐1, with significantly altered expression of more than 50% of PhcA‐regulated genes. Deletion of cbhA led to a significant change in QS‐dependent phenotypes, similar to the effects of phcA deletion. Complementation of ΔcbhA with native cbhA or transformation of this mutant with phcA controlled by a constitutive promoter recovered its QS‐dependent phenotypes. The expression level of phcA in ΔcbhA‐inoculated tomato plants was significantly lower than in strain OE1‐1‐inoculated plants. Our results collectively suggest that CbhA is involved in the full expression of phcA, thereby contributing to the QS feedback loop and virulence of strain OE1‐1.
Reversible Malignant Cerebral Edema Following Cranioplasty
Authors: Klavansky Dana , Roa Jorge A. , Liang John , Kellner Christopher , Tsetsou Spyridoula 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA 44‐year‐old female underwent cranioplasty 6 months after a malignant right MCA stroke. Three hours later, she became unresponsive, with new left‐gaze deviation and right‐side hemiparesis. CT head showed new right MCA hypodensity and diffuse edema. After aggressive medical management, she returned to baseline. A brain MRI showed no stroke. Malignant cerebral edema after uneventful cranioplasty is a rare and often fatal complication related to sudden intracranial negative pressure and altered cerebral autoregulation. This is a rare case in which a patient developed malignant cerebral edema and status epilepticus after cranioplasty and survived.