bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increase in educational inequalities in alcohol‐related mortality in Spain during a period of economic growth
Authors: Donat Marta , Regidor Enrique , Barrio Gregorio , Ambrosio Emilio , Sordo Luis , Guerras Juan Miguel , Politi Julieta , Belza María J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and aimsAlcohol‐related mortality risk is almost always greater in lower than higher socio‐economic positions (SEPs). There is little information on the evolution of this SEP gradient and its relationship with the economic cycle. Some results suggest that during economic expansions, there is a hypersensitivity of low‐SEP people to harmful drinking. The main objective of this study was to measure the evolution of educational inequality in alcohol‐related and non‐alcohol related mortality by sex and age group in Spain during 2012–19.Design, Setting and MeasurementsThis is a repeated cross‐sectional study. This study includes all residents in Spain aged 25 years and over from 2012 to 2019. (1) We calculated age‐standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) from strongly/moderately alcohol‐related causes (directly alcohol‐attributable, unspecified liver cirrhosis, liver and upper aerodigestive tract cancers and moderately alcohol‐related), weakly alcohol‐related causes and other causes by educational level. (2) We used age‐adjusted relative index of inequality (RII) and slope index of inequality (SII) to measure relative and absolute educational inequality in mortality, respectively. (3) Age‐adjusted annual percentage change (APC) was also used to measure linear trends in mortality by educational level. RII, SII and APC were obtained from negative binomial regression.FindingsBetween 2012–15 and 2016–19, economic growth accelerated, the RII in mortality from strongly/moderately alcohol‐related causes increased from 2.0 to 2.2 among men and from 1.1 to 1.3 among women, and the SII in deaths/100 000 person‐years from 181.4 to 190.9 among men and from 18.9 to 46.5 among women. It also increased relative and absolute inequality in mortality from weakly alcohol‐related and other causes of death in both men and women. These increases in inequality were due primarily to a flattening or even reversal of the downward mortality trend among low‐ and medium‐educated people.ConclusionsDuring the economic expansion of 2012–19 in Spain, changes in mortality risk from strongly/moderately alcohol‐related causes were especially unfavourable among low‐ and medium‐educated people.
Repeatability of biometry in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction before and after vectored thermal pulsation therapy: A randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Schlatter Andreas , Palkovits Stefan , Ruiss Manuel , Fisus Andreea‐Dana , Hirnschall Nino , Schmidl Doreen , Garhöfer Gerhard , Findl Oliver 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the effect of vectored thermal pulsation therapy (VTPT) on the repeatability of biometry readings of two different optical biometers in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).MethodsPatients affected by MGD were included in this prospective, randomized, controlled, investigator‐masked study. One eye was randomized to VTPT (LipiFlow®, Johnson & Johnson), and the contralateral eye served as a control. Three visits were scheduled at baseline, 2 weeks and 3 months after the treatment. The main outcome parameter of the study was the repeatability of three calculations of emmetropic intraocular lens power (EIOLP) at the 3 months visit as compared to baseline using an optical biometer (IOLMaster® 700, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG). Repeatability of different keratometry values obtained by the optical biometer and a Placido‐disc topographer (MS‐39®, CSO) served as secondary outcome parameters.ResultsTwenty‐nine patients were included in the final analysis. While tear film parameters improved in the study eyes, there were no significant differences regarding the repeatability of three EIOLP measurements between baseline and 3‐months‐visit in both eyes (p > 0.05) and keratometry measurements in both the optical biometer and the Placido‐disc topographer. Remarkably, throughout all study visits, there were some outliers regarding the repeatability of measurements.ConclusionWhile both devices showed high repeatability regarding EIOLP and keratometry, future studies are needed to detect high‐risk patients for poor repeatability.
Adaptation in the face of internal conflict: the paradox of the organism revisited
Authors: Patten Manus M. , Schenkel Martijn A. , Ågren J. Arvid 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTThe paradox of the organism refers to the observation that organisms appear to function as coherent purposeful entities, despite the potential for within‐organismal components like selfish genetic elements and cancer cells to erode them from within. While it is commonly accepted that organisms may pursue fitness maximisation and can be thought to hold particular agendas, there is a growing recognition that genes and cells do so as well. This can lead to evolutionary conflicts between an organism and the parts that reside within it. Here, we revisit the paradox of the organism. We first outline its conception and relationship to debates about adaptation in evolutionary biology. Second, we review the ways selfish elements may exploit organisms, and the extent to which this threatens organismal integrity. To this end, we introduce a novel classification scheme that distinguishes between selfish elements that seek to distort transmission versus those that seek to distort phenotypic traits. Our classification scheme also highlights how some selfish elements elude a multi‐level selection decomposition using the Price equation. Third, we discuss how the organism can retain its status as the primary fitness‐maximising agent in the face of selfish elements. The success of selfish elements is often constrained by their strategy and further limited by a combination of fitness alignment and enforcement mechanisms controlled by the organism. Finally, we argue for the need for quantitative measures of both internal conflicts and organismality.
Reworking wild bootstrap‐based inference for clustered errors
Authors: Webb Matthew D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCluster‐robust inference is increasingly common in empirical research. With few clusters, inference is often conducted using the wild cluster bootstrap. With conventional bootstrap weights the set of valid ‐values can create ambiguities in inference. I consider several modifications to the bootstrap procedure to resolve these ambiguities. Monte Carlo simulations provide evidence that both a new 6‐point bootstrap weight distribution and a kernel density estimation approach improve the reliability of inference. A brief empirical example highlights the implications of these findings.
A deeper dive, a wider pool: Preschool benefits sustain to first grade on a broader set of outcomes
Authors: Johnson Anna D. , Partika Anne , Martin Anne , Horm Diane , Phillips Deborah A. ,   the Tulsa SEED Study Team
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe current study provides new evidence on the sustained benefits of preschool attendance on a broader range of skills—both academic and executive functioning (EF)—than many prior studies have examined. Using propensity score methods, we predicted children's (N = 920, M age at 1st = 6.5 years) literacy, language, math, and EF skills in kindergarten and again at first‐grade (2020–2021) based on whether they had attended public preschool (school‐based pre‐k; Head Start) versus no preschool. In our race‐ethnically diverse sample of children (48% Hispanic/Latinx; 21% Black; 14% White; 9% Native American; 9% multiracial) from low‐income families, preschool attenders showed advantages on English literacy, English language, and math in kindergarten, which mostly persisted into first‐grade. Preschool did not boost EF in kindergarten or first‐grade.
Methods in open policy analysis: An application to California's building energy codes
Authors: Holian Matthew J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHave building energy codes lowered energy consumption, and have their benefits outweighed costs? Using 2000 Census data, I estimate household energy expenditures by decade of home construction, controlling for household and home characteristics. I find homes built in the 1980s used $35 less in electricity and $46 less in natural gas, per year, compared to 1970s era homes. For Sacramento, energy codes pass a cost‐benefit test when low‐end policy costs are used, but fail with base‐case costs. This study also clarifies how a cost‐benefit analysis (CBA) for a representative household fits into a comprehensive CBA.
Is Identity Essentialism a Fundamental Feature of Human Cognition?
Authors: Machery Edouard , Olivola Christopher Y. , Cheon Hyundeuk , Kurniawan Irma T. , Mauro Carlos , Struchiner Noel , Susianto Harry 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe present research examines whether identity essentialism, an important component of psychological essentialism, is a fundamental feature of human cognition. Across three studies (Ntotal= 1723), we report evidence that essentialist intuitions about the identity of kinds are culturally dependent, demographically variable, and easily malleable. The first study considered essentialist intuitions in 10 different countries spread across four continents. Participants were presented with two scenarios meant to elicit essentialist intuitions. Their answers suggest that essentialist intuitions vary dramatically across cultures. Furthermore, these intuitions were found to vary with gender, education, and across eliciting stimuli. The second study further examined whether essentialist intuitions are stable across different kinds of eliciting stimuli. Participants were presented with two different scenarios meant to elicit essentialist intuitions—the “discovery” and “transformation” scenarios. Their answers suggest that the nature of the eliciting stimuli influences whether or not people report essentialist intuitions. Finally, the third study demonstrates that essentialist intuitions are susceptible to framing effects. Keeping the eliciting stimulus (i.e., the scenario) constant, we show that the formulation of the question eliciting a judgment influences whether or not people have essentialist intuitions. Implications of these findings for identity essentialism and psychological essentialism, in general, are discussed.
The utility of p63, CK7, and CAM5.2 staining in differentiating pagetoid intraepidermal carcinomas
Authors: Wieland Rebekah , Adhikari Prajesh , North Jeffrey 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundExtramammary Paget disease (EMPD), pagetoid squamous cell carcinoma in situ (PSCCIS), and Paget disease of the breast (PD) are intraepidermal carcinomas with overlapping histopathologic features. CK7 and CAM5.2 stains are frequently utilized to distinguish PSCCIS from EMPD and PD. However, some cases of PSCCIS can stain positively for CAM5.2 and CK7, indicating a potential pitfall with these stains. p63 has been shown to distinguish PSCCIS from EMPD. We assessed p63 staining in PD and compared it to p63 staining of PSCCIS and EMPD.MethodsA retrospective search for 15 examples each of PSCCIS, EMPD, and PD with remaining tissue in the paraffin block was performed. The diagnosis was confirmed by a board‐certified dermatopathologist and immunostaining for p63, CK7, and CAM5.2 was performed. Staining >55% was scored as positive. Staining <55% was scored as negative and an approximate percentage of positive cells was recorded.ResultsDiffuse nuclear expression for p63 was detected in 100% (15/15) of PSCCIS cases, 0% (0/15) of PD cases, and 0% (0/15) of EMPD cases. CK7 and CAM5.2 stains were positive in 100% of PD. CAM5.2 was positive in 100% of EMPD and CK7 was positive in 93% of EMPD. CAM5.2 was positive in 0% of PSCCIS biopsy specimens, but partial staining was seen in 20%. CK7 was positive in 13%, but partial staining was seen in 47%.Conclusionsp63 immunostaining is a highly sensitive and specific method for differentiating between PSCCIS and PD or EMPD. While CAM5.2 and CK7 are also useful ancillary stains in this differential diagnosis, false‐positive and false‐negative staining occurs with these two markers.
Glycaemia and cardiac arrhythmias in people with type 1 diabetes: A prospective observational study
Authors: Hagelqvist Per G. , Andersen Andreas , Maytham Kaisar , Andreasen Christine R. , Engberg Susanne , Lindhardt Tommi B. , Forman Julie L. , Pedersen‐Bjergaard Ulrik , Knop Filip K. , Vilsbøll Tina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate the impact of hypoglycaemia, hyperglycaemia and glycaemic variability on arrhythmia susceptibility in people with type 1 diabetes.Materials and MethodsThirty adults with type 1 diabetes were included in a 12‐month observational exploratory study. Daytime and night‐time incident rate ratios (IRRs) of arrhythmias were determined for hypoglycaemia (interstitial glucose [IG] <3.9 mmol/L), hyperglycaemia (IG >10.0 mmol/L) and glycaemic variability (standard deviation and coefficient of variation).ResultsHypoglycaemia was not associated with an increased risk of arrhythmias compared with euglycaemia and hyperglycaemia combined (IG ≥ 3.9 mmol/L). However, during daytime, a trend of increased risk of arrhythmias was observed when comparing time spent in hypoglycaemia with euglycaemia (IRR 1.08 [95% CI: 0.99‐1.18] per 5 minutes). Furthermore, during daytime, both the occurrence and time spent in hyperglycaemia were associated with an increased risk of arrhythmias compared with euglycaemia (IRR 2.03 [95% CI: 1.21‐3.40] and IRR 1.07 [95% CI: 1.02‐1.13] per 5 minutes, respectively). Night‐time hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia were not associated with the risk of arrhythmias. Increased glycaemic variability was not associated with an increased risk of arrhythmias during daytime, whereas a reduced risk was observed during night‐time.ConclusionsAcute hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia during daytime may increase the risk of arrhythmias in individuals with type 1 diabetes. However, no such associations were found during night‐time, indicating diurnal differences in arrhythmia susceptibility.
Field ready: Development of a rapid LAMP‐based colorimetric assay for the causal agent of white pine blister rust, Cronartium ribicola
Authors: Kozhar Olga , Ibarra Caballero Jorge R. , Burns Kelly S. , Stewart Jane E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe invasive fungal pathogen Cronartium ribicola causes white pine blister rust which is considered one of the most destructive diseases of five‐needle (white) pines in North America. The disease has a life cycle that requires two hosts: white pines and Ribes spp., although other non‐Ribes species, including Castilleja and Pedicularis, have been demonstrated as alternate hosts as well. Detection of this disease can be difficult because of the ephemeral nature of sporulation on pine hosts with ambiguity in other symptoms, and the alternate hosts for C. ribicola can also be an alternate host for other pine rust species. We used the previously published C. ribicola genome and species‐specific real‐time PCR assay to develop a field‐ready loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) specific colorimetric assay for this pathogen. Specificity results across regionally identified pine rust pathogens showed the assay is highly specific to C. ribicola and can detect as little as 40 pg of pathogen DNA. We also developed a simple DNA extraction method that works with several tissue types (bark/phloem, aeciospores, and urediniospores/telia) to prepare the DNA samples for the LAMP assay. The DNA extraction and LAMP assay take ~70 min to complete and require a relatively small investment in equipment. This tool enables quick and efficient detection of white pine blister rust.
Time‐dependent risk factors for epileptic seizures in glioblastoma patients: A retrospective analysis of 520 cases
Authors: Stritzelberger Jenny , Gesmann Anna , Fuhrmann Imke , Brandner Sebastian , Welte Tamara M. , Balk Stefanie , Eisenhut Felix , Dörfler Arnd , Coras Roland , Adler Werner , Schwab Stefan , Putz Florian , Fietkau Rainer , Distel Luitpold , Hamer Hajo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveEpilepsy is a common comorbidity of glioblastoma. Seizures may occur in various phases of the disease. We aimed to assess potential risk factors for seizures in accordance with the point in time at which they occurred.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed medical files of adult patients with de novo glioblastoma treated at our institution between January 2006 and January 2020. We categorized seizures as preoperative seizures (POS), early postoperative seizures (EPS; before initiation of radio[chemo]therapy [RCT]), seizures during radiotherapy (SDR; during or <30 days after RCT), and posttherapeutic seizures (PTS; ≥30 days after completion of RCT). We addressed associations between patients' characteristics and their seizures.ResultsIn the final cohort (N = 520), 292 patients experienced seizures. POS, EPS, SDR, and/or PTS occurred in 29.6% (154/520), 6.0% (31/520), 13.8% (70/509), and 36.1% (152/421) of patients, respectively. POS occurred more frequently in patients with higher Karnofsky Performance Scale scores (odds ratio [OR] = 3.27, p = .001) and tumor location in the temporal lobe (OR = 1.51, p = .034). None of the parameters we analyzed was related to the occurrence of EPS. SDR were independently associated with tumor location (parietal lobe, OR = 1.86, p = .027) and POS, but not EPS, and were independent of RCT. PTS were independently associated with tumor progression (OR = 2.32, p < .001) and with occurrence of SDR (OR = 3.36, p < .001), and negatively correlated with temporal lobe location (OR = .58, p < .014). In patients with tumors exclusively located in the temporal lobe, complete tumor resection was associated with a decreased risk of postoperative seizures.SignificanceSeizures in glioblastoma patients have various, time‐dependent risk factors. Temporal lobe localization was a risk factor for preoperative seizures; surgery may have had a protective effect in these patients. RCT did not have dose‐dependent pro‐ or anticonvulsive effects. PTS were associated with tumor progression.
Exploring the perceptions and motivations of Gen Z and Millennials toward sustainable clothing
Authors: Manley Amy , Seock Yoo‐Kyoung , Shin Jeongah 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study explores consumers' perceptions of sustainable clothing and motivations for purchasing it. An analysis of 682 Generation Z and Millennial consumers shows both similarities and differences in their perceptions as well as their perceived importance, value, and need for sustainable clothing consumption. Descriptive statistics, t‐tests, and text mining were used for analysis. Respondents were aware that sustainable clothing plays an important role in the overall environmental movement and has ecological benefits. However, researchers, educators, and businesses need stronger communication on other aspects of sustainable clothing. Understanding consumers' priorities and knowledge gaps can help the industry encourage sustainable clothing consumption.
Fucoidan promotes angiogenesis and accelerates wound healing through AKT/Nrf2/HIF‐1α signalling pathway
Authors: Wen Wenting , Yang Liangliang , Wang Xin , Zhang Hongyu , Wu Fangfang , Xu Ke , Chen Shaodong , Liao Zhiyong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAfter skin injury, wound repair involves a complex process in which angiogenesis plays a crucial role. Previous research has indicated that fucoidan may aid in wound healing; we therefore hypothesised that fucoidan may speed up the process by promoting angiogenesis. In this study, we investigated the potential molecular mechanism underlying fucoidan's ability to accelerate wound healing by promoting angiogenesis. Using a full‐cut wound model, we observed that fucoidan significantly intensified wound closure and promoted granulation formation and collagen deposition. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that fucoidan also promoted wound angiogenesis, specifically by accelerating the migration of new blood vessels to the middle area of the wound. Furthermore, fucoidan demonstrated the ability to enhance the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) damaged by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and to improve the formation of endothelial tubes. Mechanistic studies revealed that fucoidan upregulated the protein levels of the AKT/Nrf2/HIF‐1α signalling pathway, which plays a crucial role in angiogenesis. This was further confirmed using the inhibitor LY294002, which reversed the promotion of endothelial tube formation by fucoidan. Overall, our findings suggest that fucoidan can promote angiogenesis via the AKT/Nrf2/HIF‐1α signalling pathway and accelerate wound healing.
Electrophoretic deposition of ZrB2 coatings in NaCl‐KCl‐AlF3 melt containing synthesized ZrB2 nanoparticles
Authors: Pang Jie , Kou Qian , Ge Chuntao , Xie Lingling , Jin Weiliang , Qi Wenjuan , Zhang Jun , Zhu Hongmin , Xiao Saijun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA novel method for preparation of ZrB2 coatings has been proposed by combination of molten salt synthesis of ZrB2 nanoparticles and subsequent electrophoretic deposition of the as‐synthesized ZrB2 nanoparticles in the same molten system in this paper. Nanoscale ZrB2 particles have been produced by borothermal reduction of ZrO2 in NaCl‐KCl‐AlF3 melt at 980°C. Then electrophoretic deposition of the as‐synthesized ZrB2 nanoparticles has been achieved in the resulting molten suspension at a reduced temperature of 900°C, yielding relatively dense ZrB2 coatings on graphite substrates with a thickness of around 25 μm. Moreover, the effect of different cell voltages ranging from 0.8 V to 1.4 V (i.e., electric field 0.4–0.7 V/cm) on the prepared ZrB2 coatings has been investigated. Finally, during the tests at 600°C–800°C in air, ZrB2 coatings deposited at a cell voltage of 1.2 V have exhibited good high‐temperature oxidation resistance.
Direct comparison of surface crystal growth kinetics in chalcogenide glass measured by microscopy and DSC
Authors: Shánělová Jana , Honcová Pavla , Málek Jiří , Perejón Antonio , Pérez‐Maqueda Luis A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSurface crystallization in fine powder Se70Te30 chalcogenide glass was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and optical microscopy. A complex kinetic analysis of these experimental data reveals that the contracting sphere mechanism (R3 model) is the rate determining step of crystal growth, and the conventional Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov model cannot be used in this case. Moreover, it is clearly shown that the particle size distribution should be considered in crystallization studies. Actually, when the particle size effect is taken into account, the simulated DSC curves for the R3 model agree very well with the experimental data over the entire temperature range. The crystallization kinetics determined from the nonisothermal DSC data are consistent with previously reported isothermal crystallization data for the same powder fraction. The crystal growth rate calculated from isothermal and nonisothermal DSC data agrees very well with the microscopically measured surface and bulk crystal growth rate.
Alteration of synergistic immune response in gut–liver axis of white crucian carp (Carassius cuvieri) after gut infection with Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Wang Fei , Qin Zi‐Le , Luo Wei‐Sheng , Xiong Ning‐Xia , Huang Ming‐Zhu , Ou Jie , Luo Sheng‐Wei , Liu Shao‐Jun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAeromonas hydrophila can pose a great threat to the survival of farmed fish. In current study, we investigated the pathological characteristics and immune response in gut–liver axis of white crucian carp (WCC) upon gut infection. WCC anally intubated with A. hydrophila exerted a tissue deformation in damaged midgut with elevated levels of goblet cells along with a significant decrease in tight junction proteins and villi length‐to‐width ratios. In addition, immune‐related gene expressions and antioxidant properties increased dramatically in gut–liver axis of WCC following gut infection with A. hydrophila. These results highlighted the immune modulation and redox alteration in gut–liver axis of WCC in response to gut infection.