bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complete chloroplast genome of Lens lamottei reveals intraspecies variation among with Lens culinaris
Authors: Kurt Selda , Kaymaz Yasin , Ateş Duygu , Tanyolaç Muhammed Bahattin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLens lamottei is a member of the Fabaceae family and the second gene pool of the genus Lens. The environmental factors that drove the divergence among wild and cultivated species have been studied extensively. Recent research has focused on genomic signatures associated with various phenotypes with the acceleration of next-generation techniques in molecular profiling. Therefore, in this study, we provide the complete sequence of the chloroplast genome sequence in the wild Lens species L. lamottei with a deep coverage of 713 × next-generation sequencing (NGS) data for the first time. Compared to the cultivated species, Lens culinaris, we identified synonymous, and nonsynonymous changes in the protein-coding regions of the genes ndhB, ndhF, ndhH, petA, rpoA, rpoC2, rps3, and ycf2 in L. lamottei. Phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast genomes of various plants under Leguminosae revealed that L. lamottei and L. culinaris are closest to one another than to other species. The complete chloroplast genome of L. lamottei also allowed us to reanalyze previously published transcriptomic data, which showed high levels of gene expression for ATP-synthase, rubisco, and photosystem genes. Overall, this study provides a deeper insight into the diversity of Lens species and the agricultural importance of these plants through their chloroplast genomes.
Unveiling the dynamics of emotions in society through an analysis of online social network conversations
Authors: Sener Begum , Akpinar Ezgi , Ataman M. Berk 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSocial networks can provide insights into the emotions expressed by a society. However, the dynamic nature of emotions presents a significant challenge for policymakers, politicians, and communication professionals who seek to understand and respond to changes in emotions over time. To address this challenge, this paper investigates the frequency, duration, and transition of 24 distinct emotions over a 2-year period, analyzing more than 5 million tweets. The study shows that emotions with lower valence but higher dominance and/or arousal are more prevalent in online social networks. Emotions with higher valence and arousal tend to last longer, while dominant emotions tend to have shorter durations. Emotions occupying the conversations predominantly inhibit others with similar valence and dominance, and higher arousal. Over a month, emotions with similar valences tend to prevail in online social network conversations.
Wireless pressure insoles for measuring ground reaction forces and trajectories of the centre of pressure during functional activities
Authors: Cudejko T. , Button K. , Al-Amri M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWireless pressure insoles may enable the assessment of movement biomechanics in a real-world setting, and thus play an important role in the recommendation of clinical management, but they are not yet a gold standard due to the unknown accuracy and reliability with respect to different functional activities. Here, we compare novel wireless pressure insoles with force plates and examine the test–retest reliability of the insoles for measuring vertical ground reaction forces (vGRFs) and trajectories of the center of pressure (COP). In this observational study, healthy adults underwent two data collection sessions during one day. The Bland–Altman analysis was used to compare the outcomes measured with the two instruments during squats, jumps, and the sit-to-stand test. Test–retest reliability was assessed by the interclass correlation coefficient and the standard error of measurement for the outcomes during squats, jumps, walking, and stair ambulation. Trajectories of the COP in the anterior–posterior direction were comparable between the two systems during all activities. The insoles consistently measured shorter trajectories of the COP in the medial–lateral direction (except jumps) and lower vGRFs than the force plates. Test–retest reliability of the insoles was fair to high or excellent for all outcomes during all activities. In conclusion, the insoles provide reliable measures of vGRFs and trajectories of the COP during multiple functional activities in healthy adults. Although the insoles do not produce identical results to the force plate, the qualitative similarity and consistency between the two systems confirm the insoles can be used to measure these outcomes, based on the purpose and accuracy required.
Dust mitigation by a water droplet in between movable and modified wetting states surfaces
Authors: Hassan Ghassan , Abubakar Abba Abdulhamid , Sami Yilbas Bekir , Al-Sharafi Abdullah , Al-Qahtani Hussain 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA novel approach for mitigating environmental dust from hydrophobic surfaces using a water droplet is presented. A sessile droplet is sandwiched between two parallel plates, one of which is moveable and hydrophilic while the other is stationary and hydrophobic. Investigations are conducted into how plate spacing affects the dust mitigation rate and the droplet's level motion. The high-speed camera analyzes the droplet motion for various plate spacing, dusty regions, and droplet sizes. In a controlled laboratory setting, the movement of fluid and dust particles inside a droplet is simulated. The results showed that when a droplet is still, it effectively reduces dust. The droplet meniscus expands by decreasing the gap between the droplet and the surface, increasing the dust removal rate. While the Magdeburg force and surface tension influence the droplet's adhesion to a hydrophobic surface, surface tension remains the primary factor affecting droplet pinning on a hydrophilic plate, more so than pinning on a dusty hydrophobic surface. When compressing, a current is created in the droplet fluid, greatly accelerating the rate at which dust is removed from the hydrophobic surface. We also move a dangling droplet over a dirty surface to evaluate its cleaning effectiveness and find that a 60 µL droplet has a 97% cleaning effectiveness and can remove dust from up to 450 mm2 of surface area. Our study provides insight into the unique method of removing dust from active surfaces and sheds light on droplet pinning forces generated by the Magdeburg effect in nano-cavities during vertical and horizontal movement.
A proof-of-concept study of vicarious extinction learning and autonomic synchrony in parent–child dyads and posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Heyn Sara A. , George Grace , Hamm Emily , Olson Christy , Harari Julia H. , Marin Marie-France , Milad Mohammed R. , Herringa Ryan J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThough threat-extinction models continue to inform scientific study of traumatic stress, knowledge of learning and extinction as mechanisms linking exposure to psychopathology remains critically limited among youth. This proof-of-concept study advances the study of threat-extinction in youth by determining feasibility of electrodermal stimulation (EDS), vicarious extinction learning via their parent, and social threat learning in pediatric PTSD (pPTSD). Typically developing (TD) and PTSD-diagnosed youth in 45 mother–child dyads completed an extinction learning paradigm. The use of EDS was first investigated in a cohort of TD youth (n = 20) using a 2-day paradigm without vicarious extinction, while direct (for TD and pPTSD) and vicarious (for pPTSD) extinction were investigated in a 3-day paradigm (n = 25). Threat acquisition and extinction were monitored using skin-conductance response (SCR) and behavioral expectations of EDS. Using Bayesian modeling to accommodate this pilot sample, our results demonstrate: (1) EDS-conditioning to be highly feasible and well-tolerated across TD and trauma-exposed youth, (2) Successful direct and vicarious extinction learning in trauma-exposed youth, and (3) PTSD-associated patterns in extinction learning and physiological synchrony between parent–child dyads. In summary, these novel approaches have the potential to advance translational studies in the mechanistic understanding of parent–child transmission of risk and youth psychopathology.
Accelerated wound healing induced by spinach extract in experimental model diabetic rats with streptozotocin
Authors: Rahati Sara , Kamalinezhad Mohammad , Ebrahimi Abdolali , Eshraghian Mohammadreza , Pishva Hamideh 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPatients with diabetes often have difficult-to-heal wounds. Spinacia oleracea extract comprises anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative compounds; this research, therefore, studied the impact of Spinacia oleracea extracts on ulcer regeneration. This study was conducted on 72 adult Wistar rats (200$$\pm$$±20 g). They were randomly divided into six groups of twelve. A: Diabetic group receiving normal saline. B: Non-diabetic group receiving normal saline. C: Diabetic group receiving spinach aqueous extract. D: Diabetic group receiving spinach alcoholic extract. E: preventive group that received aqueous extract for 2 months. F: preventive group that received alcoholic extract for 2 months. Ulcer regeneration, vascular endothelium growth factor, blood sugar, and weight changes were measured on days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 30. Macroscopic investigation of the wounds non-diabetic control group, diabetic group, as well as spinach aqueous and alcoholic extract groups, were compared and there were significant changes (P < 0.05). Pathologic examination in the spinach aqueous and alcoholic extract groups, and nondiabetic group than in the diabetic group revealed significant advances (P <  0.05). On the third and seventh days, Vascular endothelium growth factor detected significant differences between groups (P < 0.05). Results indicate that, in regenerating diabetic ulcers, Spinacia oleracea may be effective. It influences the ulcer structure and speed.
Bridging geographical disparities across 368 townships with healthcare system and socioeconomic factors in Taiwan
Authors: Hsieh Chia-Ling , Chung Chia-Yu , Chen Hsin-Yu , Shieh Shwn-Huey , Hsieh Ming-Shun , Hsieh Vivian Chia-Rong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA universal health insurance program such as the National Health Insurance in Taiwan offers a wide coverage and increased access to healthcare services. Despite its ongoing efforts to enhance healthcare accessibility, differences in health for people living in urban and resource-deprived areas remain substantial. To investigate the longitudinal impact of the healthcare system and other potential structural drivers such as education and economic development on geographical disparities in health, we designed a panel study with longitudinal open secondary data, covering all 368 townships in Taiwan between 2013 and 2017. Our findings indicated higher mortality rates in the mountainous and rural areas near the east and south regions of the island in both years. Multivariate analyses showed an increase in the density of primary care physicians (PCP) was associated with lower all-cause mortality (β = − 0.72, p < 0.0001) and cardiovascular disease mortality (β = − 0.41, p < 0.0001). Effect of PCP is evident, but merely focusing on access to healthcare is still not enough. Additional measures are warranted to address the health disparities existing between urban and underprivileged areas.
Bacillus velezensis DSM 33864 reduces Clostridioides difficile colonization without disturbing commensal gut microbiota composition
Authors: Larsen Ida Søgaard , Chenaux Megan , Collins Fergus W. J. , Mandic Ana , Hansen Lea B. S. , Lauridsen Caroline A. S. , Haller Rune F. , Elvig-Jørgensen Signe , Horwell Ed , Christiansen Jeanett , Silva Ana , Vehreschild Maria J. G. T. , Cutting Simon M. , Roggenbuck-Wedemeyer Michael , Kristensen Nanna Ny 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUp to 25% of the US population harbor Clostridioides difficile in the gut. Following antibiotic disruption of the gut microbiota, C. difficile can act as an opportunistic pathogen and induce potentially lethal infections. Consequently, reducing the colonization of C. difficile in at-risk populations is warranted, prompting us to identify and characterize a probiotic candidate specifically targeting C. difficile colonization. We identified Bacillus velezensis DSM 33864 as a promising strain to reduce C. difficile levels in vitro. We further investigated the effects of B. velezensis DSM 33864 in an assay including human fecal medium and in healthy or clindamycin-treated mouse models of C. difficile colonization. The addition of B. velezensis DSM 33864 to human fecal samples was shown to reduce the colonization of C. difficile in vitro. This was supported in vivo where orally administered B. velezensis DSM 33864 spores reduced C. difficile levels in clindamycin-treated mice. The commensal microbiota composition or post-antibiotic reconstitution was not impacted by B. velezensis DSM 33864 in human fecal samples, short-, or long-term administration in mice. In conclusion, oral administration of B. velezensis DSM 33864 specifically reduced C. difficile colonization in vitro and in vivo without adversely impacting the commensal gut microbiota composition.
A randomized controlled simulation trial comparing video-assisted with telephone-assisted and unassisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation performed by non-healthcare university students
Authors: Szöllősi Vivien , Horváth Balázs , Németh Dániel , Bánfai-Csonka Henrietta , Betlehem József , Bánfai Bálint 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOur randomized controlled simulation study aimed to compare the CPR quality, time-related factors, attitude and self-assessment of non-healthcare university students (aged 18–25) compared video-assisted (V-CPR, n = 50) with telephone-assisted (T-CPR, n = 49) and unassisted (U-CPR, n = 48) CPR in a simulation setting. Regarding to chest compression depth, no difference was found between the three groups (p = 0.065): 41.8 mm, SD = 9.9 in the V-CPR; 35.9 mm, SD = 11.6 in the T-CPR; and 39.4 mm, SD = 15.6 in the U-CPR group. The mean chest compression rate was the best in the V-CPR group (100.9 min−1, SD = 17.1) which was superior to the T-CPR (82.4 min−1, SD = 35.4; p = 0.005), and the U-CPR (84.2 min−1, SD = 30.6; p = 0.013) groups. The overall proportion of correct hand position was the highest in the V-CPR group (48, 96%), compared to the T-CPR (28, 57.1%; p = 0.001), and the U-CPR (34, 70.8%; p = 0.001) groups. V-CPR led to a delay in the time to the first chest compression compared with the U-CPR group (77.5 s, SD = 19.2 vs. 31.3 s, SD = 13.3, p < 0.001). Although V-CPR technology holds the potential to improve overall CPR quality, the importance of appropriate chest compression depth should be emphasized in training for laypeople and dispatchers, as well. Our study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05639868, 06/12/2022).
Age- and trait-dependent breeding responses to environmental variation in a short-lived songbird
Authors: Martyka Rafał , Arct Aneta , Kotowska Dorota , Gustafsson Lars 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBreeding responses of organisms to environmental changes may profoundly depend on an individual’s age, as an age-environment interaction may be expected to affect the expression of reproductive traits. However, little is known about how this interaction affects short-lived species that experience various environmental conditions in adulthood. Here, we used a 32-year dataset from the collared flycatcher, Ficedula albicollis, population to test whether and how the environment interacts with age to shape female age-specific reproduction. To characterise environmental variation, we applied the remotely sensed normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), estimating vegetation productivity, and used it as a surrogate for habitat quality. Then, we analysed how within-individual age and NDVI determine patterns in laying date, clutch size, offspring production, and recruitment. We found that young and old females, but not middle-aged females, breeding under low NDVI started to lay eggs later and produced smaller clutches than females of the same age breeding under higher NDVI. No such effects were observed for offspring production or recruitment. Our study provides evidence that both an individual’s age and the environmental variation experienced during adulthood may be crucial for shaping reproductive patterns in short-lived avian species, as has been found in long-lived birds.
Association between the triglyceride-glucose index and calcified aortic stenosis in elderly patients: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hu Zhihui , Xiong Tiantian , Chen Chunling , Chen Tao , Li Ming , Liang Jia , Chen Kunying , Zhang Jialing , Chen Xu , Chen Qi , Li Guoming 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInsulin resistance (IR) is associated with a variety of cardiovascular diseases, but there are few studies on the correlation between IR and calcified aortic stenosis (CAS). In this study, the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, which reflects IR, was used to investigate the correlation between IR and CAS. The study included 183 elderly patients who were diagnosed with CAS by transthoracic echocardiography. The patients were matched 1:1 according to age and sex, and elderly patients who were hospitalized during the same period and underwent transthoracic echocardiography without aortic stenosis were included as the control group. The relationship between the TyG index and CAS was analyzed by a multivariable logistic regression model, curve fitting and trend test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the TyG index as a continuous variable was negatively associated with CAS (P < 0.001); trend tests and curve fitting further supported this association. Our study showed that the TyG index was negatively associated with CAS in elderly patients, which may be related to the impairment of insulin receptors and signaling pathways in IR.
A new static visual field test algorithm: the Ambient Interactive ZEST (AIZE)
Authors: Nomoto Hiroki , Matsumoto Chota , Okuyama Sachiko , Kimura Shinji , Inoue Satoshi , Yamanaka Kenzo , Kusaka Shunji 
Published: September 2023

AbstractVisual field (VF) test is one of the most vital tests in the diagnosis of glaucoma and to monitor the disease worsening. In the past couple of decades, the standard automated perimetry (SAP) test takes a major role in VF test for glaucoma patients. The SAP has been demanded to finish a test in short time without sacrificing accuracy. In this study, we developed and evaluated the performance of a new perimetric algorithm (ambient interactive zippy estimation by sequential testing (ZEST): AIZE) by computer simulation. AIZE is a modification of the ZEST procedure that utilizes the spatial information (weighted likelihood: WL) of neighboring test locations, which varies from the distance to the tested location, to estimate a visual threshold. Ten glaucomatous and 10 normal empirical visual field (VF) test results were simulated with five error conditions [(3% false positives (FP), 3% false negatives (FN)), (9% FP, 9% FN), (15% FP, 15% FN), (3% FP, 15% FN), (15% FP, 3% FN)]. The total number of test presentations and the root mean square error (RMSE) of the estimated visual sensitivities were compared among AIZE, the non-weighted test (WL = 0) and the fixed-weighted test (WL = 0.33). In both glaucomatous (G) and normal (N) VFs, the fixed-weighted test had the lowest number of test presentations (median G 256, N 139), followed by the AIZE (G 285, N 174) and the non-weighted test (G 303, N 195). The RMSE of the fixed-weighted test was lower (median 1.7 dB) than that of the AIZE (1.9 dB) and the non-weighted test (1.9 dB) for normal VFs, whereas the AIZE had a lower RMSE (3.2 dB) than the fixed-weighted test (4.5 dB) and the non-weighted test (4.0 dB) for glaucomatous VFs. Simulation results showed that AIZE had fewer test presentations than the non-weighted test strategy without affecting the accuracy for glaucomatous VFs. The AIZE is a useful time saving test algorithm in clinical settings.
Diagnostic accuracy of brain age prediction in a memory clinic population and comparison with clinically available volumetric measures
Authors: Persson Karin , Leonardsen Esten H. , Edwin Trine Holt , Knapskog Anne-Brita , Tangen Gro Gujord , Selbæk Geir , Wolfers Thomas , Westlye Lars T. , Engedal Knut 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic validity of a deep learning-based method estimating brain age based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to compare it with volumetrics obtained using NeuroQuant (NQ) in a clinical cohort. Brain age prediction was performed on minimally processed MRI data using deep convolutional neural networks and an independent training set. The brain age gap (difference between chronological and biological age) was calculated, and volumetrics were performed in 110 patients with dementia (Alzheimer’s disease, frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and dementia with Lewy bodies), and 122 with non-dementia (subjective and mild cognitive impairment). Area-under-the-curve (AUC) based on receiver operating characteristics and logistic regression analyses were performed. The mean age was 67.1 (9.5) years and 48.7% (113) were females. The dementia versus non-dementia sensitivity and specificity of the volumetric measures exceeded 80% and yielded higher AUCs compared to BAG. The explained variance of the prediction of diagnostic stage increased when BAG was added to the volumetrics. Further, BAG separated patients with FTD from other dementia etiologies with > 80% sensitivity and specificity. NQ volumetrics outperformed BAG in terms of diagnostic discriminatory power but the two methods provided complementary information, and BAG discriminated FTD from other dementia etiologies.
Tailoring exciton dynamics in TMDC heterobilayers in the ultranarrow gap-plasmon regime
Authors: Rahaman Mahfujur , Kim Gwangwoo , Ma Kyung Yeol , Song Seunguk , Shin Hyeon Suk , Jariwala Deep 
Published: September 2023

AbstractControl of excitons in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) and their heterostructures is fundamentally interesting for tailoring light-matter interactions and exploring their potential applications in high-efficiency optoelectronic and nonlinear photonic devices. While both intra- and interlayer excitons in TMDCs have been heavily studied, their behavior in the quantum tunneling regime, in which the TMDC or its heterostructure is optically excited and concurrently serves as a tunnel junction barrier, remains unexplored. Here, using the degree of freedom of a metallic probe in an atomic force microscope, we investigated both intralayer and interlayer excitons dynamics in TMDC heterobilayers via locally controlled junction current in a finely tuned sub-nanometer tip-sample cavity. Our tip-enhanced photoluminescence measurements reveal a significantly different exciton-quantum plasmon coupling for intralayer and interlayer excitons due to different orientation of the dipoles of the respective e-h pairs. Using a steady-state rate equation fit, we extracted field gradients, radiative and nonradiative relaxation rates for excitons in the quantum tunneling regime with and without junction current. Our results show that tip-induced radiative (nonradiative) relaxation of intralayer (interlayer) excitons becomes dominant in the quantum tunneling regime due to the Purcell effect. These findings have important implications for near-field probing of excitonic materials in the strong-coupling regime.