bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐pharmacological interventions for people living with young‐onset dementia and their carers: A scoping review focussing on the support of participants' needs
Authors: Kim Iktae , Yang Yoosun , Cheon Hongjin , Kim Jiyeon , Song Jun‐Ah 
Published: July 2023

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?

Young‐onset dementia (YOD) refers to a phenomenon in which dementia symptoms appear under age 65. Diagnosing YOD is difficult and its progression is fast. Furthermore, it limits the socio‐economic careers of people living with YOD, regardless of their needs.

People living with YOD and their carers have unstable occupational status and their dependents also have to face a high burden of care. They claim that existing social support for dementia is limited to the elderly and is not suitable for them.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

The characteristics of non‐pharmacological intervention studies for people living with YOD and/or their carers so far, and an analysis of the needs supported via the applied interventions.

A theoretical basis and direction for the interventions to be studied in the future.

What are the implications for practice?

Research and intervention development should focus more on the needs of people living with YOD. In addition, it is necessary to understand and reflect on carers who directly care for people living with YOD.

A multidisciplinary programme that supports wide area of the needs should be developed.

AbstractIntroductionYoung‐onset dementia (YOD) is a highly influential disease that exerts force on the normal life of those who still have to continue social life. Research has been lacking in spite of its seriousness, which accounts for about 9% of all dementia cases.AimThis study aimed to examine non‐pharmacological interventions for people living with YOD and/or their carers, and to analyse how those interventions support their needs.MethodA scoping review methodology was utilized to search the studies examining interventions for people living with YOD and/or their carers, and in English or Korean. The information was extracted, summarized and analysed in CANE categories.ResultsSixteen studies were included in the review. Five types of interventions were drawn. ‘Memory’ was the most covered part of the needs by the interventions.DiscussionThis study found that interventions currently do not match the needs of people living with YOD and their carers. Multidisciplinary research would be eligible to cover the subjects' wide range of the needs as much as possible.Implications for PracticeWe suggest the development of a specialized needs assessment tool and specialized interventions for people living with young‐onset dementia and their carers.
Bulk mineralogy, water abundance, and hydrogen isotope composition of unequilibrated ordinary chondrites
Authors: Grant Helen , Tartèse Romain , Jones Rhian , Piani Laurette , Marrocchi Yves , King Ashley , Rigaudier Thomas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe origin and transport of water in the early Solar System is an important topic in both astrophysics and planetary science, with applications to protosolar disk evolution, planetary formation, and astrobiology. Of particular interest for understanding primordial water transport are the unequilibrated ordinary chondrites (UOCs), which have been affected by very limited alteration since their formation. Using X‐ray diffraction and isotope ratio mass spectrometry, we determined the bulk mineralogy, H2O content, and D/H ratios of 21 UOCs spanning from petrologic subtypes 3.00–3.9. The studied UOC falls of the lowest subtypes contain approximately 1 wt% H2O, and water abundance globally decreases with increasing thermal metamorphism. In addition, UOC falls of the lowest subtypes have elevated D/H ratios as high as those determined for some outer Solar System comets. This does not easily fit with existing models of water in the protoplanetary disk, which suggest D/H ratios were low in the warm inner Solar System and increased radially. These new analyses confirm that OC parent bodies accreted a D‐rich component, possibly originating from either the outer protosolar nebula or from injection of molecular cloud streamers. The sharp decrease of D/H ratios with increasing metamorphism suggests that the phase(s) hosting this D‐rich component is readily destroyed through thermal alteration.
Proposed quality indicators and recommended standard reporting items in performance of EBUS bronchoscopy: An official World Association for Bronchology and Interventional Pulmonology Expert Panel consensus statement
Authors: Steinfort Daniel P. , Evison Matthew , Witt Ashleigh , Tsaknis Georgios , Kheir Fayez , Manners David , Madan Karan , Sidhu Calvin , Fantin Alberto , Korevaar Daniel A. , Van Der Heijden Erik H. F. M. ,   the WABIP Taskforce on Quality Indicators in EBUS Bronchoscopy
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundSince their introduction, both linear and radial endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) have become an integral component of the practice of Pulmonology and Thoracic Oncology. The quality of health care can be measured by comparing the performance of an individual or a health service with an ideal threshold or benchmark.The taskforce sought to evaluate quality indicators in EBUS bronchoscopy based on clinical relevance/importance and on the basis that observed significant variation in outcomes indicates potential for improvement in health care outcomes.MethodsA comprehensive literature review informed the composition of a comprehensive list of candidate quality indicators in EBUS. A multiple‐round modified Delphi consensus process was subsequently performed with the aim of reaching consensus over a final list of quality indicators and performance targets for these indicators. Standard reporting items were developed, with a strong preference for items where evidence demonstrates a relationship with quality indicator outcomes.ResultsTwelve quality Indicators are proposed, with performance targets supported by evidence from the literature. Standardized reporting items for both radial and linear EBUS are recommended, with evidence supporting their utility in assessing procedural outcomes presented.ConclusionThis statement is intended to provide a framework for individual proceduralists to assess the quality of EBUS they provide their patients through the identification of clinically relevant, feasible quality measures. Emphasis is placed on outcome measures, with a preference for consistent terminology to allow communication and benchmarking between centres.
From crisis to sustainability: The politics of knowledge production on rural Europe
Authors: Arora‐Jonsson Seema , McAreavey Ruth 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWhat does it mean to study places in ‘crisis’ and how does that affect the research done on the ‘rural’? To be considered to be in crisis is not really new as any literature review of rural studies indicates. And yet, we live now in a new context, with new challenges for ‘rural’ research, in particular that of sustainability. Sustainability is the new policy focus and is increasingly reflected in research on rural Europe. Although scholars are beginning to theorize on what is sustainable in and for rural areas, our intention is to take this further. We theorize on what the focus on crisis and, increasingly on sustainability, means for the research we do and the knowledge we produce on rural Europe. Our aim is to bring attention to the politics of past and present knowledge production on the rural to be able to imagine just and sustainable futures. In an analysis of literature primarily from Sweden and the UK, we argue that two construals, that of a rural crisis and that of rural–urban polarization, have set the tone for rural studies and may have overshadowed a more plural approach. We outline what might be needed from rural research to meet future challenges and what the notion of sustainability, with its emphasis on the entanglements of the social, economic and environmental, might mean for the future of rural research.
Clinical outcomes in cats with renal carcinoma undergoing nephrectomy: A retrospective study
Authors: Kenny Shannon A. , Cook Matthew R. , Lenz Jennifer A. , Maritato Karl C. , Skorupski Katherine A. , Wustefeld‐Janssens Brandan G. , Pellin MacKenzie A. , Silveira Catrina J. , Veytsman Stan , Selmic Laura E. , Husbands Brian D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRenal carcinomas (RC) are uncommonly encountered in feline medicine. Limited information regarding clinical presentation and postoperative outcomes is available. The purpose of this multi‐institutional, retrospective study was to describe the presenting features and clinical outcomes of cats with RC undergoing nephrectomy. Thirty‐six client‐owned cats were included. Medical records from participating institutions were searched to identify cats that had a histopathologic diagnosis of RC and underwent nephrectomy from January 2001 to October 2021. The most common presenting complaints were weight loss (36.1%) and hyporexia (30.6%). Based on preoperative imaging and intraoperative findings, eight cats had suspected metastasis at the time of surgery (22.2%). Twenty‐eight cats survived to discharge (77.8%). Median progression free interval (PFI) could not be determined, as only six cats developed suspected recurrence (16.7%) and seven cats developed suspected metastasis (19.4%). The all‐cause median survival time (MST) was 203 days (95% confidence interval [CI]: 84, 1379 days). When cases that died prior to discharge were excluded, MST increased to 1217 days (95% CI: 127, 1641 days). One‐year, two‐year, and three‐year survival rates were all 40.4%. Neither renal tumour histologic subtype nor the presence of preoperative azotemia, anaemia, erythrocytosis, haematuria, or suspected metastasis at diagnosis were found to influence survival. For cats surviving to discharge, prolonged survival times were possible. Further studies are necessary to elucidate other potential prognostic factors, the utility of postoperative adjuvant treatment, and to identify cats at‐risk of mortality in the perioperative period.
On the parity conjecture for abelian surfaces
Authors: Dokchitser Vladimir , Maistret Céline 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAssuming finiteness of the Tate–Shafarevich group, we prove that the Birch–Swinnerton–Dyer conjecture correctly predicts the parity of the rank of semistable principally polarised abelian surfaces. If the surface in question is the Jacobian of a curve, we require that the curve has good ordinary reduction at 2‐adic places.
Influenza H3 hemagglutinin vaccine with scrambled immunodominant epitopes elicits antibodies directed toward immunosubdominant head epitopes
Authors: Chiba Shiho , Kong Huihui , Neumann Gabriele , Kawaoka Yoshihiro 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Vaccination is the most effective countermeasure to reduce the severity of influenza. Current seasonal influenza vaccines mainly elicit humoral immunity targeting hemagglutinin (HA). In particular, the amino acid residues around the receptor-binding site in the HA head domain are predominantly targeted by humoral immunity as “immunodominant” epitopes. However, mutations readily accumulate in the head domain due to high plasticity, resulting in antigenic drift and vaccine mismatch, particularly with influenza A (H3N2) viruses. A vaccine strategy that targets more conserved immunosubdominant epitopes is required to attain a universal vaccine. Here, we designed an H3 HA vaccine antigen with various amino acids at immunodominant epitopes of the HA head domain, termed scrambled HA (scrHA). In ferrets, scrHA vaccination induced lower serum neutralizing antibody levels against homologous virus compared with wild-type (WT) HA vaccination; however, similar levels of moderately neutralizing titers against antigenically distinct H3N2 viruses were observed. Ferrets vaccinated with scrHA twice and then challenged with homologous or heterologous virus showed the same level of reduced virus shedding in nasal swabs as WT HA-vaccinated animals but reduced body temperature increase, whereas WT HA-vaccinated ferrets exhibited body temperature increases similar to those of mock-vaccinated animals. scrHA elicited antibodies against HA immunodominant and -subdominant epitopes at lower and higher levels, respectively, than WT HA vaccination, whereas antistalk antibodies were induced at the same level for both groups, suggesting scrHA-induced redirection from immunodominant to immunosubdominant head epitopes. scrHA vaccination thus induced broader coverage than WT HA vaccination by diluting out the immunodominancy of HA head epitopes.

IMPORTANCE
Current influenza vaccines mainly elicit antibodies that target the immunodominant head domain, where strain-specific mutations rapidly accumulate, resulting in frequent antigenic drift and vaccine mismatch. Targeting conserved immunosubdominant epitopes is essential to attain a universal vaccine. Our findings with the scrHA developed in this study suggest that designing vaccine antigens that “dilute out” the immunodominancy of the head epitopes may be an effective strategy to induce conserved immunosubdominant epitope-based immune responses.
Improving access to medicines and beyond: the national volume-based procurement policy in China
Authors: Zhu Zheng , Wang Quan , Sun Qiang , Lexchin Joel , Yang Li 
Published: July 2023

.Since 2019, the Chinese central government has taken significant steps to centralize national purchasing power and has implemented a pooled procurement system. In this paper, we provide an in-depth analysis of China's National Volume-Based Procurement (NVBP) policy, which represents a unique approach to pooled procurement within the pharmaceutical sector. The primary objectives of the NVBP are to reduce drug prices, enhance access to affordable medications, and improve the overall functioning of the pharmaceutical industry in China. Our analysis delves into the key features of the NVBP, including its centralized procurement system, volume-based procurement approach, and the guaranteed procurement volumes allocated to winning bidders. We also address the challenges and implications associated with the NVBP, such as its impact on the pharmaceutical industry, the sustainability of price reductions, and the importance of striking a balance between price reduction and industry sustainability. Through a comparative analysis, we shed light on the distinct characteristics of China's approach to pooled procurement and its potential ramifications for healthcare policies and practices. By examining the NVBP within the broader context of China's evolving healthcare landscape, we aim to contribute to a deeper understanding of the implications and effectiveness of this unique policy initiative.
Reorganising and improving quality of care for hyperemesis gravidarum in a Danish hospital: a quality improvement project
Authors: Ostenfeld Anne , Futtrup Tina Bergmann , Løkkegaard Ellen Christine Leth , Westergaard Hanne Brix 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundHyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a pregnancy complication comprising severe nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. It is associated with adverse outcomes for both mother and child. Treatment consists primarily of antiemetics and intravenous fluids; however, support from healthcare professionals is also important.Local problemAt the department of obstetrics at Nordsjællands Hospital, an increasing workload caused challenges regarding patient care and organisation for patients with HG, and exploring possibilities of reorganising HG care to release midwife resources was warranted.MethodsThrough input from staff and patients, possible improvements were identified. Plan–do–study–act cycles were conducted with staff and patients, resulting in adjustments in care and organisation and thus use of resources. The specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and timely aims included patient satisfaction and number of follow-ups conducted via phone.InterventionsHG care was relocated to the department of gynaecology, where it was managed primarily by nurses. Staff and patients were actively involved in the process.ResultsHG care was successfully relocated without compromising patient satisfaction. Additionally, an option of patient-administered home treatment for selected patients was established.ConclusionThis quality improvement project describes the relocation and set-up of hospital care provided to patients with HG, resulting in high patient satisfaction. This project might serve as an inspiration to other departments of obstetrics and gynaecology.
Activator Protein-1 (AP-1) Signaling Inhibits the Growth of Ewing Sarcoma Cells in Response to DNA Replication Stress
Authors: Croushore Emma E. , Koppenhafer Stacia L. , Goss Kelli L. , Geary Elizabeth L. , Gordon David J. 
Published: July 2023

Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of deoxyribonucleosides and is required for DNA replication. Multiple types of cancer, including Ewing sarcoma tumors, are sensitive to RNR inhibitors or a reduction in the levels of either the RRM1 or RRM2 subunits of RNR. However, the polypharmacology and off-target effects of RNR inhibitors have complicated the identification of the mechanisms that regulate sensitivity and resistance to this class of drugs. Consequently, we used a conditional knockout (CRISPR/Cas9) and rescue approach to target RRM1 in Ewing sarcoma cells and identified that loss of the RRM1 protein results in the upregulation of the expression of multiple members of the activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor complex, including c-Jun and c-Fos, and downregulation of c-Myc. Notably, overexpression of c-Jun and c-Fos in Ewing sarcoma cells is sufficient to inhibit cell growth and downregulate the expression of the c-Myc oncogene. We also identified that the upregulation of AP-1 is mediated, in part, by SLFN11, which is a replication stress response protein that is expressed at high levels in Ewing sarcoma. In addition, small-molecule inhibitors of RNR, including gemcitabine, and histone deacetylase inhibitors, which reduce the level of the RRM1 protein, also activate AP-1 signaling and downregulate the level of c-Myc in Ewing sarcoma. Overall, these results provide novel insight into the critical pathways activated by loss of RNR activity and the mechanisms of action of inhibitors of RNR.

Significance:
RNR is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides. Although RNR is the target of multiple chemotherapy drugs, polypharmacology and off-target effects have complicated the identification of the precise mechanism of action of these drugs. In this work, using a knockout-rescue approach, we identified that inhibition of RNR upregulates AP-1 signaling and downregulates the level of c-Myc in Ewing sarcoma tumors.
Life’s Essential 8 and Risk of Stroke: A Prospective Community-Based Study
Authors: Wu Shouling , Wu Zhijun , Yu Dongmei , Chen Shuohua , Wang Aitian , Wang Anxin , Gao Xiang 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:
Data are lacking regarding cardiovascular health (CVH) with Life’s Essential 8 approach and future stroke risk. We sought to elucidate whether the CVH score constructed by the Life’s Essential 8 metrics predicted stroke risk in 2 Chinese ongoing cohorts.

METHODS:
This included 41 043 participants of the Kailuan I study and 27 842 participants of the Kailuan II study who were free of cardiovascular disease or cancer in 2014. CVH score (ranged from 0 to 100) was assessed using the Life’s Essential 8 metrics (body mass index, cigarette smoking, diet quality, physical activity, sleep health, lipid, blood glucose, and blood pressure). A composite of incident stroke events (ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke) was identified via review of medical records. The follow-up period was calculated from the finishing date of the 2014 survey to either the date of stroke occurrence, death, loss to follow-up, or the end of follow-up (December 31, 2020). We also examined the longitudinal association between the CVH score and arterial stiffness status, as assessed by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, in 25 922 participants free of cardiovascular disease during the follow-up. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the association between CVH, based on the 2010 American Heart Association recommendation, and stroke integrating the results of current study and previous studies.

RESULTS:

During a median follow-up of 5.65 years (interquartile range, 5.20–6.09), a total of 1750 incident stroke events were identified in the pooled Kailuan study. The pooled hazard ratios were 0.33 (95% CI, 0.20–0.54) for ideal versus poor health category of CVH (
P
trend
<0.0001). Higher CVH scores were also associated with lower brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity values at baseline and slower increments of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity during follow-up (
P
trend
≤0.001 for both). Arterial stiffness mediated 9.07% (95% CI, 5.83%–15.0%) of the total association between CVH and incident stroke. The pooled hazard ratio comparing 2 extreme CVH categories for stroke was 0.45 (95% CI, 0.35–0.59) when including 10 published studies and the current study.

CONCLUSIONS:
The CVH score as assessed by the Life’s Essential 8 metrics significantly predicted future stroke risk and arterial stiffness status.
Study of the Chinese Members of the Subfamily Anabropsinae (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae) VII: Description of two new subgenera and five new species of Anabropsis from China
Authors: PANG SIYU , LU XIANGYI , BIAN XUN 
Published: July 2023

This paper is further study Chinese Anabropsinae and proposes two new subgenera of Anabropsis from China, Anabropsis (Spinanabropsis) subgen. nov. and Anabropsis (Pseudapteranabropsis) subgen. nov.. Five new species are described, namely Anabropsis (Apteranabropsis) daweishanensis sp. nov., Anabropsis (Spinanabropsis) pengi sp. nov., Anabropsis (Spinanabropsis) erythronota sp. nov., Anabropsis (Pseudapteranabropsis) nigrimaculatis sp. nov. and Anabropsis (Pseudapteranabropsis) flavimaculata sp. nov. All the specimens are deposited in Guangxi Normal University.