bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The origins of Italian human capital divides: new evidence from marriage signatures, ca. 1815
Authors: Martinez Marco 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper provides new evidence on the geography of literacy rates in pre-unitary Italy. I provide direct estimates based on a novel and balanced random sample of marriage certificates in 1815. The new figures are disaggregated by gender, area, and skill levels, and are compared to the relevant alternative estimates available. Literacy rates are generally low, and North versus South difference in 1815 literacy was as low as 13.7 percentage points, with the Southern literacy rate of about 50% that of Northern Italy. The North–South gap is much smaller for women than for men, and the average female literacy rate across Italy is a lower 9%. Literacy rates in Central Italy were almost identical to that of Southern Italy, arguably because the schooling systems of Central and Southern Italy were more elitist than the Northern Italian one. This evidence suggests that, although partially present also before 1815, the wide magnitude of North–South gaps in literacy which characterized the country on the eve of the political unification (1861) originated after the Napoleonic period. Primary school centralization reforms might have helped women to rapidly improve literacy rates, leading to a first, regionally unequal, ‘Silent Revolution’ (Cappelli and Vasta in Cliometrica 15:1–27, 2020a).
Generalized Kannan-type contraction and fixed point theorems
Authors: Han Yan , Xu Shao-yuan , Ma Chao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the generalized Kannan-type contraction in cone metric spaces over Banach algebras is introduced. The fixed point theorems satisfying generalized contractive conditions are obtained, without appealing to completeness of X or normality of the cone. The continuity of the mapping is relaxed. Furthermore, we prove that the completeness in cone metric spaces over Banach algebras is necessary if the generalized Kannan-type contraction has a fixed point in X. These results greatly generalize several well-known comparable results in the literature.
Towards Stable Free Lead Mixed Halide Perovskite Thin Films on FTO-Coated Glass Substrate
Authors: Doumbia Youssouf , Bouich Amal , Soucase Bernabé Mari , Soro Donafologo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAll-inorganic cesium (Cs) lead perovskites have better thermal and chemical stability than organic–inorganic hybrids. They therefore represent a hope for stability and increased performance of perovskites as absorber layers in photovoltaic solar cells. In the present work, we have deposited different layers on FTO-coated glass substrates using the one-step spin-coating method. The results of the lead substitution are presented and critically discussed. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show four peaks for all three samples. The main peaks of the different films are located at the 2θ angles of 26.45° and 51.50° for the Muller indices (220) and (242), respectively. These two main peaks indicate that the prepared thin films all have two preferred crystallographic orientations. Beyond these two main peaks, we have two other smaller peaks at 2θ of 33.67° and 37.70° corresponding to the Muller indices of (210) and (211), respectively. The smoother the surface of the thin films, the more light they reflect, resulting in poor light absorption by the films. It is therefore important to obtain a surface image of the prepared films, as the larger the surface image, the better the film. With this in mind, we carried out a scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, which gave us the surface images. Figure 3 shows the SEM images of thin CsPb1−xSnxI1.5Br1.5 layers (x = 0, 0.5, and 1) grown on FTO-coated glass substrate with different [Pb]/[Sn] ratios. As can be seen from the figure, the effect of the [Pb]/[Sn] ratio is visible in the surface images of the different thin films. The smallest grain size is that of the unsubstituted CsPbI1.5Br1.5, while the largest grain size corresponds to the partially Pb-substituted layer (CsPb0.5Sn0.5I1.5Br1.5). The fully Pb-substituted layer (CsSnI1.5Br1.5) has an intermediate grain size. The surface images of the films show that the surfaces are well coated with grain sizes that vary greatly depending on the layer. The best grain size is that of the thin film with partial lead substitution (CsPb0.5Sn0.5I1.5Br1.5). Regarding the UV-visible absorption of the different films, we can say that the films absorb the maximum amount of light in the wavelength range of 350–550 nm. Above 550 nm, the absorption coefficients drop significantly. The absorption coefficients of the tin-free (Sn) layer remain higher than the coefficients of the other layers throughout the UV-visible spectrum. The degradation study revealed that the Sn-free layer retains good light absorption compared to the other layers after 4 weeks of exposure to the ambient environment. The crystal structure of all the layers shows good resistance to the elements during the 4 weeks, as shown by the renewed XRD results after the 4 weeks of exposure.
Investigation of Heavy Metal Analysis on Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Skin Cancer by Traditional Practitioners in Pretoria
Authors: Oladeji Oluwaseun Mary , Kopaopa Boikanyo Genneyrolter , Mugivhisa Liziwe Lizbeth , Olowoyo Joshua Oluwole 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe use of medicinal plants for the treatment of diseases, including cancer, is acknowledged and accepted in many African nations. Heavy metal contamination of plant materials poses a potential health risk, particularly for populations that are already vulnerable. This study determines the levels of heavy metals in medicinal plant samples used for treatment of skin cancer and evaluate the health risk caused by heavy metals to the adult population in Pretoria, South Africa using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The concentrations of metals were as follows; As (<0.2 – 1.04±0.026), Cd (0.02 ±0.00026 – 0.167±0.006), Pb (0.38 ±0.01 – 2.27±0.05), Cr (5.31±0.21– 26.9 ±3.96) mg/kg, and Hg which were lesser than 0.02 mg/kg. The mean concentrations of all analyzed heavy metals are above permissible limit except for Hg which are lower than the permissible limit. The Hazard Quotient (THQ) was less than 1 for all the heavy metals, suggesting that there are no obvious non-carcinogenic health risks associated with the consumption of these medicinal plants for now even though the prolonged use may result in health risks. The ingestion route was identified as the primary contributor to the overall risk by the health index (HI) values in the present study, which were more than 1, indicating that the combined effects of the heavy metal contaminants present in a particular herbal preparation pose health risk in the long term. Our findings support the need for close monitoring of potential heavy metal concentrations in medicinal plants given to patients from herbal shops.
Activation of IGFBP4 via unconventional mechanism of miRNA attenuates metastasis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Tao Liye , Wang Yali , Shen Zefeng , Cai Jingwei , Zheng Junhao , Xia Shunjie , Lin Zhongjie , Wan Zhe , Qi Haiou , Jin Renan , Wang Ling , Xu Junjie , Liang Xiao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is the second most common primary liver malignancy. Although its incidence is lower than that of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), ICC has a worse prognosis, and it is more prone to recur and metastasize, resulting in a far greater level of malignancy.

Methods
Bioinformatics analysis and qRT-PCR were applied to assess the level of miR-122-5p and IGFBP4. Western blot, transwell assays, wound-healing assays, real-time cellular invasion monitoring, in vivo study were applied to explore the function of miR-122-5p and IGFBP4. Dual luciferase reporter assays and chromatin isolation by RNA purification (ChiRP) were applied to explore the regulation of IGFBP4 by miR-122-5p.

Results
Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data set, Sir Run Run Shaw hospital data set and bioinformatics analyses, we identified miR-122-5p as a potential tumor suppressor in ICC and validated its suppressive effect in metastasis and invasion of ICC. Transcriptome sequencing, rescue and complement experiments were used to identify insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4 (IGFBP4) as a target of miR-122-5p. The mechanism by which miR-122-5p regulates IGFBP4 was clarified by chromatin separation RNA purification technology, and dual-luciferase reporter assays. We discovered a rare novel mechanism by which miR-122-5p promotes IGFBP4 mRNA transcription by binding to its promoter region. Furthermore, in mouse orthotopic metastasis model, miR-122-5p inhibited the invasion of ICC.

Conclusion
In summary, our study revealed a novel mechanism of miR-122-5p and function of the miR-122-5p/IGFBP4 axis in the metastasis of ICC. We also highlighted the clinical value of miR-122-5p and IGFBP4 in inhibiting ICC invasion and metastasis.
Acinetobacter baumannii–ein Krankenhauskeim mit zwei Gesichtern
Authors: Ebersberger Ingo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAcinetobacter baumannii infections pose a grave risk to hospitalized patients due to their resistance to antimicrobial substances. This necessitates the urgent development of novel therapeutic strategies. By comparing the genetic repertoire between pathogenic and non-pathogenic Acinetobacter we discovered genetic traits that offer surprising insights into how the pathogen interacts with humans. However, much remains to be learned about the pathogen’s phenotypic diversity.
Live Cell Imaging funktionaler Parameter von Kardiomyozyten
Authors: Papadopoulos Symeon , Sachinidis Agapios 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBecause of the advantages of dynamic, non-invasive live cell imaging techniques (LCIT) over static visualisation methods, the former are increasingly applied in various disciplines such as biomedicine, cell biology, pharmacology, and developmental biology, to obtain more reliable results than with fixed cells. We prove and discuss the advantages of LCIT via its application in real-time visualization of sarcomeres, Ca2+ changes and ROS in cardiomyocytes from human induced pluri-potent stem cells.
Per Anhalter ins Axon: Neuronale Mitochondrien transportieren mRNA
Authors: Rühmkorf Alina , Harbauer Angelika B. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLocal translation of mRNAs supports the survival and identity of the axonal and dendritic neuronal sub-compartments. Interestingly, one of the largest categories of locally synthesized proteins are mitochondrial proteins. Recent advances have shown that axonal RNA transport is linked to the transport of several organelles. Here, we describe how mitochondrial hitch-hiking provides an elegant solution to transport mRNAs into the axon to sustain local mitochondrial homeostasis.
Ultrastruktur in 3D: neue Ansichten und Einsichten in der Zellbiologie
Authors: Arcalís Elsa , Hörmann-Dietrich Ulrike , Stöger Eva 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThree-dimensional electron microscopy (EM) has irrupted in the field of cell biology to provide exciting information at the structural level, including the shape and volume of organelles and their spatial distribution within the cell. Here, we present some examples of the application of 3D EM to the study of the plant endomembrane system, demonstrating the enormous potential of these techniques.
Vaccinatie Twijfeltelefoon als laagdrempelige en onafhankelijke hulplijn tijdens de COVID-19-pandemie
Authors: van der Kleij Willemijn , Groen Chris , Sana Shakib , Peeters Robin 
Published: June 2023

SamenvattingVaccine hesitancy vormt een grote bedreiging voor de wereldwijde gezondheid. Tijdens de COVID-19-pandemie en de bijbehorende grootschalige vaccinatiecampagnes kwam dit in vele landen, inclusief Nederland, duidelijk naar voren. Medisch professionals hebben een relatief groot vertrouwen van de bevolking en lijken daarmee een belangrijke rol bij de informatievoorziening rond COVID-19-vaccinaties te spelen. Daarom heeft het Erasmus MC, samen met de regionale huisartsenkringen en vier andere universitaire centra, in november 2021 de Vaccinatie Twijfeltelefoon geïnitieerd om persoonlijke voorlichting en medisch advies over de COVID-19-vaccinaties laagdrempelig beschikbaar te maken. Het aantal telefoontjes geeft de potentie weer van deze vorm van informatievoorziening, en de grote reikwijdte en het laagdrempelige en onafhankelijke karakter vormen het fundament van deze landelijke telefoonlijn. Onze ervaringen met de Vaccinatie Twijfeltelefoon tijdens de COVID-19-pandemie lijkt erop te wijzen dat deze vorm van informatievoorzienig in de toekomst mogelijk ook breder ingezet kan worden voor andere grote medische vraagstukken.
A Review on the Neurotoxic Effects of Doxorubicin
Authors: Kamińska Katarzyna , Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska Agnieszka 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAnthracyclines, a class of drugs considered as most effective anticancer drugs, used in the various regimens of cancer chemotherapy, induce long-term impairment of mitochondrial respiration, increase reactive oxygen species, and induce other mechanisms potentially leading to neurotoxicity. According to literature findings, one drug of this class - doxorubicin used to treat e.g. breast cancer, bladder cancer, lymphoma, and acute lymphocytic leukemia may induce such effects in the nervous system. Doxorubicin has poor penetration into the brain due to the lack of drug penetration through the blood-brain barrier, thus the toxicity of this agent is the result of its peripheral action. This action is manifested by cognitive impairment and anatomical changes in the brain and peripheral nervous system found in both preclinical and clinical studies in adult patients. Furthermore, more than 50% of children with cancer are treated with anthracyclines including doxorubicin, which may affect their nervous system, and lead to lifelong damage in many areas of their life. Despite ongoing research into the side effects of this drug, the mechanism of its neurotoxicity action on the central and peripheral nervous system is still not well understood. This review aims to summarize the neurotoxic effects of doxorubicin in preclinical (in vitro and in vivo) research and in clinical studies. Furthermore, it discusses the possible mechanisms of the toxic action of this agent on the nervous system.
HSF1 is a novel prognostic biomarker in high-risk prostate cancer that correlates with ferroptosis
Authors: Jia GaoZhen , Wu WenBo , Chen Lei , Yu Yang , Tang QiLin , Liu HaiTao , Jiang Qi , Han BangMin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common cancer in older men in Europe and the United States and has the second highest death rate among male cancers. The transcription of heat shock proteins by Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is known to regulate cell growth and stress. Nevertheless, the impact of HSF1 on ferroptosis in PC through heat shock protein 10 (HSPE1) remains unexplored.

Methods
This study employed a range of analytical techniques, including proteomics sequencing, LC–MS/MS, CHIP-qPCR, Western blotting, immunohisto -chemistry, JC-1, CKK-8, MDA, and ROS assays. Bioinformatics analysis was performed using the UALCAN,GEPIA, PCaDB and Metascape platforms.

Results
Compared with levels observed in tumor-adjacent tissue, the levels of proteins associated with fatty acids, amino acids and the oxidative phosphorylation metabolic pathway were significantly upregulated in high-risk PC tissue (Gleason score ≥ 8). HSF1 mRNA and protein levels in high-risk PC tissues were significantly higher than those observed in medium-risk PC (Gleason score = 7) and low-risk PC (Gleason score ≤ 6) tissues. ssGSEA showed that HSF1 was involved in the proliferation and anti-apoptotic processes of PC. Further bioinformatics analysis showed that HSF1 potentially affects the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system by targeting HSPE1. In addition, HSF1 alleviates ROS and MDA levels to enhance the resistance of prostate cancer cells to ferroptosis by regulating HSPE1 in vitro, and HSF1 knockout promotes the susceptibility of PC to RSL3 treatment by increasing ferroptosis in vivo.

Conclusion
Collectively, our findings suggest that HSF1 exerts a significant influence on PC. HSF1 may represent a promising biomarker for identifying high-risk PC, and the elimination of HSF1 could potentially enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of RSL3.
TOM40 regulates the progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma through ROS-mediated AKT/mTOR and p53 signaling
Authors: Ran Hong , Zhang Jin , Zeng Xiaoxia , Wang Zhen , Liu Peng , Kang Chenglin , Qiu Shuqi , Zeng Xianhai , Zhang Peng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a prevalent cancer in Southern China, North Africa, and Southeast Asia. The translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) 40 is a transporter of mitochondrial proteins, and is involved in ovarian cancer cell growth. However, its role in the progression of NPC is still unclear. We found that TOM40 levels were upregulated in NPC tissues and multiple NPC cell lines. In addition, high TOM40 expression in the tumor tissues was associated with poor overall survival and disease specific survival. TOM40 knockdown in the NPC cell lines inhibited their proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, TOM40 silencing also increased intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Mechanistically, the anti-tumor effects of TOM40 silencing were dependent on the inhibition of AKT/mTOR signaling and activation of p53 signaling. To summarize, TOM40 mediates NPC progression through ROS-mediated AKT/mTOR and p53 signaling. Our findings highlight the potential of TOM40 as a therapeutic target for NPC.
Development and validation of a predictive model in diagnosis and prognosis of primary glioblastoma patients based on Homeobox A family
Authors: Zheng Zong-Qing , Yuan Gui-Qiang , Zhang Guo-Guo , Nie Qian-Qian , Wang Zhong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Homeobox A (HOXA) family is involved in the development of malignancies as either tumor suppressors or oncogenes. However, their roles in glioblastoma (GBM) and clinical significance have not been fully elucidated.

Methods
HOXA mutation and expressions in pan-cancers were investigated using GSCA and Oncomine, which in GBM were validated by cBioPortal, Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets. Kaplan–Meier analyses were conducted to determine prognostic values of HOXAs at genetic and mRNA levels. Diagnostic roles of HOXAs in tumor classification were explored by GlioVis and R software. Independent prognostic HOXAs were identified using Cox survival analyses, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, quantitative real-time PCR, and immunohistochemical staining. A HOXAs-based nomogram survival prediction model was developed and evaluated using Kaplan–Meier analysis, time-dependent Area Under Curve, calibration plots, and Decision Curve Analysis in training and validation cohorts.

Results
HOXAs were highly mutated and overexpressed in pan-cancers, especially in CGGA and TCGA GBM datasets. Genetic alteration and mRNA expression of HOXAs were both found to be prognostic. Specific HOXAs could distinguish IDH mutation (HOXA1-7, HOXA9, HOXA13) and molecular GBM subtypes (HOXA1-2, HOXA9-11, HOXA13). HOXA1/2/3/10 were confirmed to be independent prognostic members, with high expressions validated in clinical GBM tissues. The HOXAs-based nomogram model exhibited good prediction performance and net benefits for patients in training and validation cohorts.

Conclusion
HOXA family has diagnostic values, and the HOXAs-based nomogram model is effective in survival prediction, providing a novel approach to support the treatment of GBM patients.
An Improved Framework for Estimating Organic Carbon Content of Mangrove Soils Using loss-on-ignition and Coastal Environmental Setting
Authors: Breithaupt Joshua L. , Steinmuller Havalend E. , Rovai Andre S. , Engelbert Kevin M. , Smoak Joseph M. , Chambers Lisa G. , Radabaugh Kara R. , Moyer Ryan P. , Chappel Amanda , Vaughn Derrick R. , Bianchi Thomas S. , Twilley Robert R. , Pagliosa Paulo , Cifuentes-Jara Miguel , Torres Danilo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe use of loss on ignition (LOI) measurements of soil organic matter (SOM) to estimate soil organic carbon (OC) content is a decades-old practice. While there are limitations and uncertainties to this approach, it continues to be necessary for many coastal wetlands researchers and conservation practitioners without access to an elemental analyzer. Multiple measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV) standards recognize the need (and uncertainty) for using this method. However, no framework exists to explain the substantial differences among equations that relate SOM to OC; consequently, equation selection can be a haphazard process leading to widely divergent and inaccurate estimates. To address this lack of clarity, we used a dataset of 1,246 soil samples from 17 mangrove regions in North, Central, and South America, and calculated SOM to OC conversion equations for six unique types of coastal environmental setting. A framework is provided for understanding differences and selecting an equation based on a study region’s SOM content and whether mineral sediments are primarily terrigenous or carbonate in origin. This approach identifies the positive dependence of conversion equation slopes on regional mean SOM content and indicates a distinction between carbonate settings with mean (± 1 S.E.) OC:SOM of 0.47 (0.002) and terrigenous settings with mean OC:SOM of 0.32 (0.018). This framework, focusing on unique coastal environmental settings, is a reminder of the global variability in mangrove soil OC content and encourages continued investigation of broadscale factors that contribute to soil formation and change in blue carbon settings.
Initial end-to-end testing of the ExacTrac dynamic deep inspiration breath hold workflow using a breath hold breast phantom
Authors: Goodall Simon K. , Rampant Peter L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractExacTrac Dynamic (ETD) provides a Deep Inspiration Breath Hold (DIBH) workflow for breast patients. Stereoscopic x-ray imaging combined with optical and thermal mapping allows localisation against simulation imaging, alongside surface guided breath hold monitoring. This work aimed to determine appropriate imaging parameters, the optimal Hounsfield Unit (HU) threshold for patient contour generation and workflow evaluation via end-to-end (E2E) positioning using a custom breast DIBH phantom. After localisation via existing Image Guidance (IG), stereoscopic imaging was performed with a range of parameters to determine best agreement. Similarly, residual errors in prepositioning were minimised using a range of HU threshold contours. E2E positioning was completed for clinical workflows allowing residual isocentre position error measurement and existing IG comparison. Parameters of 60 kV and 25mAs were determined appropriate for patient imaging and HU thresholds between −600 HU and −200 HU enabled adequate prepositioning. The average and standard deviation in residual isocentre position error was 1.0 ± 0.9 mm, 0.4 ± 1.0 mm and 0.1 ± 0.5 mm in the lateral, longitudinal and vertical directions, respectively. Errors measured using existing IG were −0.6 ± 1.1 mm, 0.5 ± 0.7 mm and 0.2 ± 0.4 mm in the lateral, longitudinal and vertical directions, and 0.0 ± 1.0o, 0.5 ± 1.7o and −0.8 ± 1.8o for pitch roll and yaw. The use of bone weighted matching increased residual error, while simulated reduction of DIBH volume maintained isocentre positioning accuracy despite anatomical changes. This initial testing indicated suitability for clinical implementation during DIBH breast treatments.