bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aesthetic Surgery Training and Practice in India: A Survey
Authors: Kapadia Abizer , Nair Mahesh 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction Aesthetic surgery is a rapidly evolving subspecialty in high demand worldwide. To be considered a fully trained plastic surgeon, all the requirements of the curriculum must be met through to successful completion, including aesthetic surgery. At present, a disparity exists between the demand and provision of aesthetic surgery training in India. This survey evaluation highlights the responses, concerns, and possible solutions regarding training and practice of cosmetic surgery in India.
Methods A meticulously crafted survey comprising of 19 questions discussing the background, training, and practice of cosmetic plastic surgery, was sent across to all accessible plastic surgeons trained or training in India. A total of 506 responses were received. The responses were analyzed and have been presented in this study.
Results The survey was completed with all participants answering all the questions. Pertinent questions regarding practice setup, percentage of aesthetic work in practice, exposure of trainees to aesthetic procedures, and merits of an aesthetic fellowship revealed a lot about aesthetic training in India. The participants also expressed their level of satisfaction with their principal plastic surgery training. Summarizing these findings, suggestions for improvements in training were made.
Conclusion Plastic surgery residency programs need to ensure that residents receive comprehensive exposure to both surgical and nonsurgical cosmetic procedures to ensure maintenance of service standards and optimum patient care. The information collected can help us formulate strategies to improvise the current cosmetic surgery training across India. Steps taken toward the same are also highlighted in the study.
Expression of PD-L1 in malignant soft tissue neoplasm and their correlation with clinicopathological parameters
Authors: Mishra Ashutosh , Singh Anurag , Kumar Madhu , Sagar Mala , Kumari Malti , Qayoom Sumaira , Kumar Vijay 
Published: July 2023

Objectives:
Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression in malignant epithelial neoplasms has been the subject of numerous studies; however, less data on its application to sarcomas are available. This research focused on the expression of PD-L1 and how it correlated with clinicopathological characteristics in soft tissue sarcomas.

Materials and Methods:
The anti-PD-L1 antibody and Ki-67 were stained in 50 cases of sarcoma that had been confirmed by biopsy and immunohistochemistry. The tumor cell percentage with complete or incomplete membrane staining was calculated. Sarcomas were categorized as positive (>1% of tumor cells with complete or incomplete membrane staining) or negative (≤1% of tumor cells with complete or incomplete membrane staining). The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21.0.

Statistical Analysis:
Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, IBM Inc., United States), version 21.0. The independent sample t-test for continuous variables and the chi-square test for discrete variables were used to investigate the relationships between PD-L1 expression and clinicopathologic factors. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
The soft tissue sarcomas showing marked pleomorphic morphology were significantly linked to positive PD-L1 expression than other subtypes of sarcomas (p = 0.042). Proliferation index grade III accounts for 62.5% of cases with positive PD-L1 expression, followed by proliferation index grade II with 25% cases and grade I with 12.5% cases. On comparing statistically, this difference was found to be significant (p = 0.013). A significant association was found between PD-L1 expression and the poor outcome of follow-up (p = 0.024).

Conclusions:
Our study showed a significant relationship between malignant soft tissue tumor positivity for PD-L1 and pleomorphic morphology, a higher proliferation index grade, and a poorer prognosis.
The Contribution of Argentine Neurologists to the Description of Infantile Epileptic Spasms Syndrome and Related Epileptic and Nonepileptic Neurological Conditions
Authors: Espeche Alberto , Valenzuela Gabriela Reyes , Caraballo Roberto 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn the latest report of the International League against Epilepsy Task Force on Nosology and Definitions on the methodology for classification of epilepsy syndromes, the term infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS) was chosen for what were previously called infantile spasms, including West syndrome and infantile epileptic spasms without hypsarrhythmia.Different Argentine groups have contributed to the description of IESS and related epileptic and nonepileptic syndromes. Here we aimed to review studies by different Argentine authors that contributed to the development of the definitions of IESS and its most important benign differential diagnosis.In 1949, Vazquez and Turner from Argentina first recognized a clinical-electroencephalographic correlate of the entity described by Dr. West defining the triad of epileptic spasms, diffuse paroxysmal cerebral dysrhythmia, and psychomotor impairment. Subsequently, in 1976 Fejerman first reported 10 neurologically normal infants with recurrent spells that resembled epileptic spasms. As neurological status, electroencephalogram (EEG), and outcomes were normal, these infants were clearly different from those with West syndrome or epileptic spasms without hypsarrhythmia.Since 2003, Caraballo et al have published different series of patients with epileptic spasms in clusters without hypsarrhythmia occurring in infancy. Before the onset of the epileptic spasms in clusters, these infants were often normal and they had focal or generalized EEG abnormalities.Publication in local journals in languages other than English may lead to the loss of important data found by colleagues from different geographic areas. Therefore, this should be followed by publication in English in peer-reviewed journals.
The Development and Preliminary Exploratory Validation of the PEdiatric Delirium Scale: Assessing the Feasibility and Accessibility of a Novel Delirium Scale
Authors: Dodenhoff Emily C. , Gupta Neha , Craig Lauren , Pate Marjorie L. , Petrusnek Sarah D. , Yang Nianlan , Smith Kimberly , Woolley Allison , Yoon Yesie , Mehta Tapan , Hayes Leslie W. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDelirium screening and identification in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) can be a diagnostic challenge. Primarily, the burden of screening falls on the bedside nurses, who are juggling countless tasks throughout their shift. The nursing staff at the researcher's institution were concerned that the existing screen, Cornell Assessment for Pediatric Delirium (CAPD), detracted from workflow. The PEdiatric Delirium Scale (PEDS) was developed to accurately identify delirium in children of all developmental abilities and improve nursing workflow. This is a single-center, double-blinded, preliminary exploratory validation study that assesses the feasibility and accessibility of PEDS. This study was performed in a busy 24-bed quaternary PICU serving a diverse, noncardiac patient population. Enrolled patients underwent screening for delirium using the CAPD and PEDS. These results were compared to the gold standard psychiatric evaluation to determine the validity of the novel screen. Finally, the surveyed nurses reviewed their experience with CAPD and PEDS. The primary outcome was to explore the validation of PEDS in the PICU. Using the Youden index, an overall sensitivity of 79% for the detection of delirium (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.61–0.91) and a specificity of 68% (95% CI: 0.64–0.73) were achieved with an optimal cut-point of 4, on a scale of 0 to 10. PEDS demonstrated a higher predictive value compared to CAPD. Elicited nursing feedback favored PEDS over CAPD, with 86% of respondents citing a shorter time to perform the screen. PEDS is a streamlined tool that can be used to detect pediatric delirium regardless of developmental abilities. Nursing surveys revealed improved workflow when comparing PEDS to CAPD.
The Medial Triquetrohamate Portal: A New Portal in Wrist Arthroscopy. Anatomical Study
Authors: Lucas Francisco J. , Carratalá Vicente , Miranda Ignacio , Pombo Alonso Sergio 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction Continuing advances in wrist arthroscopy and better understanding of carpal conditions have created the need to design new wrist access portals that facilitate the implementation of new surgical techniques. The aim of this study was to define and verify the safety of the medial triquetrohamate (MTH) portal.
Description of the technique The MTH portal is located about 5-10 mm ulnar and 2-3 mm distal to the midcarpal ulnar portal, ulnar to the extensor digitorum communis (EDC) tendon of the fourth and fifth fingers, and radial to the extensor digiti quinti (minimi) (EDQ) tendon.
Methods An anatomical study was performed on 15 upper limb specimens from 15 human cadavers. Iatrogenic injuries to potentially at-risk neurovascular and tendinous structures were assessed, and the distance from the portal to these structures was measured.
Results There were no iatrogenic injuries to the structures at risk. Mean distances from the MTH portal to the EDC tendon of the fourth and fifth fingers and to the EDQ tendon were 4.67 ± 0.35 mm and 7.27 ± 0.18 mm, respectively. No differences were observed between the left and right wrists. The distance from the MTH portal to the dorsal sensory branch of the ulnar nerve was 15.07 ± 0.44 mm. The structure with the highest risk of injury was the EDC tendon of the fourth and fifth fingers, with a distance of less than 5 mm.
Conclusions The MTH portal is safe, reproducible and facilitates the implementation of various techniques related to midcarpal pathology.
Induction heating for desorption of surface contamination for high-repetition laser-driven carbon-ion acceleration
Authors: Kojima Sadaoki , Miyatake Tatsuhiko , Sakaki Hironao , Kuroki Hiroyoshi , Shimizu Yusuke , Harada Hisanori , Inoue Norihiro , Dinh Thanh Hung , Hata Masayasu , Hasegawa Noboru , Mori Michiaki , Ishino Masahiko , Nishiuchi Mamiko , Kondo Kotaro , Nishikino Masaharu , Kando Masaki , Shirai Toshiyuki , Kondo Kiminori 
Published: July 2023

This study reports the first experimental demonstration of surface contamination cleaning from a high-repetition supply of thin-tape targets for laser-driven carbon-ion acceleration. The adsorption of contaminants containing protons, mainly water vapor and hydrocarbons, on the surface of materials exposed to low vacuum (&gt;10−3 Pa) suppresses carbon-ion acceleration. The newly developed contamination cleaner heats a 5-μm-thick nickel tape to over 400 °C in 100 ms by induction heating. In the future, this heating method could be scaled to laser-driven carbon-ion acceleration at rates beyond 10 Hz. The contaminant hydrogen is eliminated from the heated nickel surface, and a carbon source layer—derived from the contaminant carbon—is spontaneously formed by the catalytic effect of nickel. The species of ions accelerated from the nickel film heated to various temperatures have been observed experimentally. When the nickel film is heated beyond ∼150 °C, the proton signal considerably decreases, with a remarkable increase in the number and energy of carbon ions. The Langmuir adsorption model adequately explains the temperature dependence of desorption and re-adsorption of the adsorbed molecules on a heated target surface, and the temperature required for proton-free carbon-ion acceleration can be estimated.
Assessing knowledge of English verb placement and subject-verb agreement among multilingual students in grades 5–7 in Norway
Authors: Walla Dianna 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study investigates knowledge of English verbal morphosyntax among multilingual students and their L1 Norwegian peers in grades 5–7 in Norway. L1 Norwegian speakers have previously shown transfer from Norwegian to verb placement or subject-verb agreement in L2 English, but their multilingual peers may have an advantage in acquiring these properties in L3 English due to their knowledge of other languages. A written test examining verb placement in verb-second (V2) contexts and subject-verb agreement was used to compare L1 Norwegian students with their multilingual peers, who spoke a variety of different L1s in the home. The results showed that the difference in mean scores alone was not significant between the L1 Norwegian group and the multilingual group, but when grade level and academic achievement were controlled for, linguistic group membership did significantly predict better performance by the multilingual group for some, but not all, grammatical conditions examined.
The effect of hearing loss on balance in subjects with cognitive disorders
Authors: Baydan-Aran Mine , Aksoy Songul , Şahin Ülkü Kezban , Caliskan Hatice , Kırdı Nuray , Doğu Burcu Balam 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Falls among older adults are a major health issue. Cognitive impairment is known to be an independent risk factor for falls with around 60% of people with cognitive impairment falling each year. Presbycusis is also associated increased risk of falls in older adults.

Objective:
The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between hearing loss and balance in subjects with cognitive disorders.

Methods:
Pure tone air and bone conduction thresholds, speech recognition thresholds and discrimination were measured. The Sensory Organization Test (SOT) and Adaptation Test (ADT) were performed.

Results:
Subjects with mild hearing loss has the highest scores on SOT and composite scores while subjects with severe hearing loss has worst scores. There was no statistically significant difference between groups on ADT scores.

Conclusions:
Hearing loss and cognitive disorders are independent risk factors for impaired balance among older adults with cognitive decline. Hearing and balance assessment and rehabilitation should be considered in the routine evaluations of older adults.
Clockwork cosmology
Authors: Wood Kieran , Saffin Paul M. , Avgoustidis Anastasios 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The higher order generalisation of the clockwork mechanism to gravitational interactions provides a means to generate an exponentially suppressed coupling to matter from a fundamental theory of multiple interacting gravitons, without introducing large hierarchies in the underlying potential and without the need for a dilaton, suggesting a possible application to the hierarchy problem. We work in the framework of ghost free multi-gravity with “nearest-neighbour” interactions, and present a formalism by which one is able to construct potentials such that the theory will always exhibit this clockwork effect. We also consider cosmological solutions to the general theory, where all metrics are of FRW form, with site-dependent scale factors/lapses. We demonstrate the existence of multiple deSitter vacua where all metrics share the same Hubble parameter, and we solve the modified Einstein equations numerically for an example clockwork model constructed using our formalism, finding that the evolution of the metric that matter couples to is essentially equivalent to that of general relativity at the modified Planck scale. It is important to stress that while we focus on the application to clockwork theories, our work is entirely general and facilitates finding cosmological solutions to any ghost free multi-gravity theory with “nearest-neighbour” interactions. Moreover, we clarify previous work on the continuum limit of the theory, which is generically a scalar-tensor braneworld, using the Randall-Sundrum model as a special case and showing how the discrete-clockwork cosmological results map to the continuum results in the appropriate limit.
Science with the Einstein Telescope: a comparison of different designs
Authors: Branchesi Marica , Maggiore Michele , Alonso David , Badger Charles , Banerjee Biswajit , Beirnaert Freija , Belgacem Enis , Bhagwat Swetha , Boileau Guillaume , Borhanian Ssohrab , Brown Daniel David , Leong Chan Man , Cusin Giulia , Danilishin Stefan L. , Degallaix Jerome , De Luca Valerio , Dhani Arnab , Dietrich Tim , Dupletsa Ulyana , Foffa Stefano , Franciolini Gabriele , Freise Andreas , Gemme Gianluca , Goncharov Boris , Ghosh Archisman , Gulminelli Francesca , Gupta Ish , Kumar Gupta Pawan , Harms Jan , Hazra Nandini , Hild Stefan , Hinderer Tanja , Siong Heng Ik , Iacovelli Francesco , Janquart Justin , Janssens Kamiel , Jenkins Alexander C. , Kalaghatgi Chinmay , Koroveshi Xhesika , Li Tjonnie G.F. , Li Yufeng , Loffredo Eleonora , Maggio Elisa , Mancarella Michele , Mapelli Michela , Martinovic Katarina , Maselli Andrea , Meyers Patrick , Miller Andrew L. , Mondal Chiranjib , Muttoni Niccolò , Narola Harsh , Oertel Micaela , Oganesyan Gor , Pacilio Costantino , Palomba Cristiano , Pani Paolo , Pasqualetti Antonio , Perego Albino , Périgois Carole , Pieroni Mauro , Piccinni Ornella Juliana , Puecher Anna , Puppo Paola , Ricciardone Angelo , Riotto Antonio , Ronchini Samuele , Sakellariadou Mairi , Samajdar Anuradha , Santoliquido Filippo , Sathyaprakash B.S. , Steinlechner Jessica , Steinlechner Sebastian , Utina Andrei , Van Den Broeck Chris , Zhang Teng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Einstein Telescope (ET), the European project for a third-generation gravitational-wave detector, has a reference configuration based on a triangular shape consisting of three nested detectors with 10 km arms, where each detector has a 'xylophone' configuration made of an interferometer tuned toward high frequencies, and an interferometer tuned toward low frequencies and working at cryogenic temperature. Here, we examine the scientific perspectives under possible variations of this reference design. We perform a detailed evaluation of the science case for a single triangular geometry observatory, and we compare it with the results obtained for a network of two L-shaped detectors (either parallel or misaligned) located in Europe, considering different choices of arm-length for both the triangle and the 2L geometries. We also study how the science output changes in the absence of the low-frequency instrument, both for the triangle and the 2L configurations. We examine a broad class of simple 'metrics' that quantify the science output, related to compact binary coalescences, multi-messenger astronomy and stochastic backgrounds, and we then examine the impact of different detector designs on a more specific set of scientific objectives.
Monte Carlo averaging for uncertainty estimation in neural networks
Authors: Tassi Cedrique Rovile Njieutcheu , Börner Anko , Triebel Rudolph 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Although convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are widely used in modern classifiers, they are affected by overfitting and lack robustness leading to overconfident false predictions (FPs). By preventing FPs, certain consequences (such as accidents and financial losses) can be avoided and the use of CNNs in safety- and/or mission-critical applications would be effective. In this work, we aim to improve the separability of true predictions (TPs) and FPs by enforcing the confidence determining uncertainty to be high for TPs and low for FPs. To achieve this, we must devise a suitable method. We proposed the use of Monte Carlo averaging (MCA) and thus compare it with related methods, such as baseline (single CNN), Monte Carlo dropout (MCD), ensemble, and mixture of Monte Carlo dropout (MMCD). This comparison is performed using the results of experiments conducted on four datasets with three different architectures. The results show that MCA performs as well as or even better than MMCD, which in turn performs better than baseline, ensemble, and MCD. Consequently, MCA could be used instead of MMCD for uncertainty estimation, especially because it does not require a predefined distribution and it is less expensive than MMCD.
Artificial nervous systems – a technology to achieve biologically modeled intelligence and control for robotics
Authors: Narcross Fredric 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Migrating from machine learning and deep learning into the next wave of technology will likely require biological replication rather than biological inspiration. An approach to achieving this requires duplicating entire nervous systems, or at least parts thereof. In theory, these artificial nervous systems (ANS) could reproduce everything required for a system to be biologically intelligent even to the point of being self-aware. This would additionally entail that the resultant systems have the ability to acquire information from both their internal and external environments as well as having the ability to act within the external environment using locomotion and manipulators. Robots are a natural answer for the resultant mechanism and if supplied with an artificial nervous system, the robot might be expected to achieve biologically modelled intelligence (BMI) and control. This paper will provide an overview of the tools for creating artificial nervous systems, as well as provide a roadmap for utilizing the tools to develop robots with general-purpose learning skills and biologically modelled intelligence.
Real-time estimation of altitude and airspeed under large airflow angles in flight test
Authors: Zhubin Fan , Ruikun Yuan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In the flight test, many test subjects need to enter the large airflow angle. Due to the large airflow angle, the position error of air data sensor is big, and the altitude and airspeed of the aircraft are not accurate, which not only affects the effectiveness of the test results, but also affects the safety of the test flight. This paper proposes two real-time altitude and airspeed estimation methods, including the GPS method and constant wind field method. The GPS method is commonly used in the airspeed calibration, which mainly uses the GPS height change to correct the static pressure, but it depends on the aircraft total pressure sensor to get the airspeed. The constant wind field method directly calculates the true airspeed not depending on the pressure measurement, but it is greatly affected by the wind stability. During the flight test, using this method, the real-time monitoring can provide pilots with accurate altitude and airspeed reference.
Research on Monte Carlo simulation of CAT III auto-landing system
Authors: Ru Tan , Zhichao Yao 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Approach/Landing is the phase of most accidents occur to endanger civil aircraft safety. CAT III autoland operation can improve the safety and reliability of aircraft when approach and landing in bad weather conditions, and reduce pilot’s working loads, so CAT III autoland control law design is an important task in advanced flight control system research. However, the most of the related researches are requirement based rather and scenario based. Firstly, the article analyzes the Monte Carlo simulation requirements based on airworthiness requirements of auto-landing system and proposes a Monte Carlo simulation model scheme considering the uncertainty of aircraft dynamic model and the actuator model, the error of sensors and the disturbance of wind, then implements the simulation based on a desktop simulation platform. The simulation result shows that the designed auto-landing system can assure the safe and stable landing of the aircraft on the condition of all kinds of uncertainty, the touchdown point, the vertical landing speed and the attitude are all compliance with the expectation criteria, satisfying the requirement of airworthiness items.