bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Activation-Assisted Recovery of Valuable Metals from Black Mass in the Form of Fe/Cu Alloys
Authors: Babanejad Safoura , Ahmed Hesham , Andersson Charlotte , Heikkinen Eetu-Pekka 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPyrometallurgy is a popular industrial method that is employed in the recovery of valuable elements from black mass (BM), which is produced by pretreatment of Li-ion batteries. This method struggles with some downsides, such as the incineration of graphite and high energy consumption. In this study, the goal is to utilize graphite in the BM to produce a master alloy in an attempt to decrease the energy input requirement. To achieve this, metal oxides (Fe2O3 and CuO) are added to the BM to produce an Fe/Cu-based alloy containing Co/Ni as alloying elements. Mechanical activation is also employed to decrease the energy requirement and to increase the amount of metal oxide that can be reduced by the graphite in the BM. The results revealed that it is possible to produce the aforementioned alloys, the efficiency of which can be improved by applying mechanical activation. After 1 h of milling, the required heat flow for producing Fe- and Cu-based alloys is lowered for ~10 and ~25 kWh, respectively. Plus, the direct CO2 emission decreases for 13–17% in the iron system and 43–46% in the copper system.
Graphical Abstract
Combining Membrane and Zero Brine Technologies in Waste Acid Treatment for a Circular Economy in the Hot-Dip Galvanizing Industry: A Life Cycle Perspective
Authors: Lorenz Manuel , Seitfudem Georg , Randazzo Serena , Gueccia Rosa , Gehring Florian , Prenzel Tobias M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAn innovative approach of combining membrane and zero brine technologies for a joint treatment of industrial liquid waste is investigated regarding its environmental impacts compared to the existing liquid waste treatment. The object of investigation is the generation of waste acid solution by a hot dip galvanizing plant in Sicily, Italy. The waste acid solution contains hydrochloric acid, iron and zinc, which makes it a hazardous waste according to EU classifications. Environmental impacts are studied for two scenarios in the Tecnozinco hot-dip galvanizing plant in Sicily, Italy: (i) the current process of pickling with linear disposal of waste acid and (ii) the pickling combined with in-situ treatment of the waste acid using a combination of diffusion dialysis (DD), membrane distillation (MD) and a precipitation reactor. Results are obtained via an attributional life cycle assessment (LCA) approach focusing on the water footprint profile of the process. The linear disposal path creates significant costs, environmental burdens and risks during the 1500 km transport of hazardous liquid waste. The combination of DD and MD, complemented with a zero-brine precipitation reactor, closes internal material loops, could save local water resources and reduces costs as well as environmental impacts. Reduction potentials of 70–80% regarding most LCA impact categories can be expected for the application of the novel technology combination supporting the galvanizing pre-treatment process under study. Therefore, the application of such technology on the way forward to a more circular economy is recommended from an environmental viewpoint, especially in process plants similar to the investigated one.
Graphical Abstract
Popular Religion or Lived Religion? Exploring Indigenous Religious Festival Practice in Mexico
Authors: Rieger Ivy Alana 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article investigates the practice of lived religion in two contemporary indigenous communities in Mexico (San Juan Mixtepec, Oaxaca and El Espíritu, Hidalgo) by examining some of their unique religious festive traditions to analyze the ways in which human and non-human social actors interact with one another to create networks of symbolic meaning and senses of belonging. Specific examples of embodied practices and materiality in the festive cycle of each community are analyzed as the basis for their religious identities which also, the author suggests, create dynamic senses of community and self through the mutual sharing of symbolically significant cultural discourses. By analyzing different elements of traditional religious festivals in these two communities from the perspective of actor-network theory, the article reveals how the concept of “lived religion” can be used to express the realities of indigenous religious life in Mexico and as an alternative to “popular religion,” which typically resonates more frequently throughout the literature.
Electric-impulse-technology: results of a basic investigation into the use of the technology as a selective demolition method in the construction industry
Authors: Hammel Lukas , Otto Jens , Will Frank , Lehmann Franziska , Anders Erik , Voigt Matthias 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA large proportion of today's building projects are realized in existing buildings. This almost always requires the sensitive deconstruction of existing building fabric. Deconstruction technologies have to fulfill high requirements particularly in inner-city residential areas and during ongoing building use, both for construction projects in the existing building stock and for new construction activities. Currently used demolition technologies rarely meet the growing requirements in building practice. Common demolition and separation methods are characterized by high emissions, such as vibrations and noise, large quantities of blasting material, slow performance progress or high physical effort. An alternative technology is the electrodynamic Electric-Impulse-Technology (EIT). The process technology, initially developed for applications in mining and special civil engineering, is based on the destruction of solid materials by high-voltage pulses. On the basis of large-scale tests in mining dimensions, it was possible to demonstrate high dissolving capacities with low energy input. The research project aimed to investigate the basics for transferring the EIT to low-emission and selective material removal in civil and structural engineering. Extensive laboratory tests were conducted on sand-lime and concrete specimens to verify the adaptation of the EIT. It was found out that the technology is suitable for use in the construction industry. Further research is to be conducted to investigate the identified areas of application in greater depth and to further develop EIT for practical use.
Designing Educational Futures: Imagine a Collaborative Bloom
Authors: Abegglen Sandra , Burns Tom , Heller Richard , Sinfield Sandra 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis commentary is a working out loud of what a liberatory education might entail that builds on partnership and co-creation. Proposed is the addition of collaboration as a central element to education, to break individuality and hierarchy – for collective, socially just action. The perquisites for this is openness – and the abandonment of the neoliberal competitive approach to education as well as the conscious development and use of Open EdTech for connection. Why? Because we need the collective intelligence to address the challenges of the twenty-first century and beyond.
Underactuated embedded constraints gripper for grasping in toxic environments
Authors: Achilli Gabriele Maria , Logozzo Silvia , Malvezzi Monica , Valigi Maria Cristina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper a soft gripper is proposed and designed to achieve some of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) described by United Nations (UN) and in particular SDG3, SDG8, SDG 9 and SDG 12. In fact, the presented gripper is conceived for application in the waste industry for helping or partially replacing human operations which could lead to risks or hazards for human health. The device can artificially reproduce the action of human hands allowing a more sustainable work, focusing the attention on worker’s health. Also the design characteristics are oriented to sustainability by using eco-friendly materials. Furthermore, the device is an underactuated soft gripper with modular elements and without sensors. There are no electronic components, and the damageable and non-recyclable parts are minimized. After the description of gripper and mechanical analysis, three different configurations (wearable, with extension and mounted on a cobot) are presented where it is possible to notice that the ends of the gripper (the fingers) are far from the most delicate and less recyclable components such as the motor. Thus, thanks to the modularity of the fingers, it is easy to replace damaged fingers: they have a lower environmental impact than electronic components. In this way, the presented project falls in “the circular design for sustainability” in robotics.
Mapping social capital across Wales (UK) using secondary data and spatial analysis
Authors: Irfan Muhammad , Buckley Kelly , Cheung Sin Yi , Lewis James J. , Koj Aleksandra , Thomas Hywel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSocial capital, a powerful community resource based on trust, relationships, norms, culture, values, networks and belonging, could shape the acceptance, cooperation, and involvement of citizens towards new policies or interventions. In past, connections of social capital have been studied in relation to human health, wellbeing, social and economic development. More recently, social capital has been studied with respect to human resilience and adaptation to climate change. We argue that social capital could also play a vital role in our efforts to reduce carbon footprint through behaviour change, a shift on shared local renewable energy resources, and adoption of low carbon technologies. In Wales (UK) there is no national scale dataset, reflecting its social capital landscape, that could be used for designing the right policies/interventions in this context, based on an expected level of trust, cooperation, and support within the communities. This paper is an effort to fill this data gap using secondary datasets. Firstly, a literature review is carried out to identify the indicators of social capital (cognitive and participatory). Secondary datasets have then been identified and acquired. Geospatial analysis has been carried out to produce the criterion maps for various indicators of social capital. Finally, Analytical Hierarchy Process is applied to generate a social capital map of Wales combining these indicators together. For validation of the produced data, social capital’s known correlations were tested with crime rates, income level and multiple deprivations.
Degree distributions in recursive trees with fitnesses
Authors: Iyer Tejas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe study a general model of recursive trees where vertices are equipped with independent weights and at each time-step a vertex is sampled with probability proportional to its fitness function, which is a function of its weight and degree, and connects to
$\ell$
new-coming vertices. Under a certain technical assumption, applying the theory of Crump–Mode–Jagers branching processes, we derive formulas for the limiting distributions of the proportion of vertices with a given degree and weight, and proportion of edges with endpoint having a certain weight. As an application of this theorem, we rigorously prove observations of Bianconi related to the evolving Cayley tree (Phys. Rev. E66, paper no. 036116, 2002). We also study the process in depth when the technical condition can fail in the particular case when the fitness function is affine, a model we call ‘generalised preferential attachment with fitness’. We show that this model can exhibit condensation, where a positive proportion of edges accumulates around vertices with maximal weight, or, more drastically, can have a degenerate limiting degree distribution, where the entire proportion of edges accumulates around these vertices. Finally, we prove stochastic convergence for the degree distribution under a different assumption of a strong law of large numbers for the partition function associated with the process.
Analysis of Beliefs Acquired from a Conversational AI: Instruments-based Beliefs, Testimony-based Beliefs, and Technology-based Beliefs
Authors: Freiman Ori 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSpeaking with conversational AIs, technologies whose interfaces enable human-like interaction based on natural language, has become a common phenomenon. During these interactions, people form their beliefs due to the say-so of conversational AIs. In this paper, I consider, and then reject, the concepts of testimony-based beliefs and instrument-based beliefs as suitable for analysis of beliefs acquired from these technologies. I argue that the concept of instrument-based beliefs acknowledges the non-human agency of the source of the belief. However, the analysis focuses on perceiving signs and indicators rather than content expressed in natural language. At the same time, the concept of testimony-based beliefs does refer to natural language propositions, but there is an underlying assumption that the agency of the testifier is human. To fill the lacuna of analyzing belief acquisition from conversational AIs, I suggest a third concept: technology-based beliefs. It acknowledges the non-human agency-status of the originator of the belief. Concurrently, the focus of analysis is on the propositional content that forms the belief. Filling the lacuna enables analysis that considers epistemic, ethical, and social issues of conversational AIs without excluding propositional content or compromising accepted assumptions about the agency of technologies.
The unique Late Paleolithic artifactual bone assemblage from the Volchia Griva site, Western Siberia
Authors: Leshchinskiy Sergey V. , Zenin Vasiliy N. , Burkanova Elena M. , Kuzmin Yaroslav V. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn 2020, a unique bone assemblage was found at the Late Paleolithic site Volchia Griva. Its base is made of a distal mammoth femur minus epiphysis, in which a cavity has been hollowed out. Impact notches along the edges of the cavity and holes in the metaphysis prove the human-made nature of this specimen. A portion of a polar fox cranium, half of a fox hemimandible, a fox tooth, and a large mammal rib fragment were enclosed in the cavity. The mammoth femur was previously used as a retoucher, as evinced by the impressions and cut marks. Incisions were detected on the polar fox cranium, indicating skinning. According to two 14C dates, the age of the remains is 19.3–19.1 ka BP. Palynological analysis of the cavity fill shows a forb-grass steppe at that time. The assemblage, which has no known analogues, is a reflection of prehistoric culture. This extraordinary find most likely is evidence of the ritual behavior of people who lived in the south of Western Siberia during the last glacial maximum. The assemblage was accompanied by a large number of fox remains, and lithic artifacts identical to bladelet-based Late Paleolithic industries of Siberia and the Middle Urals.
The Deportations and First Anfal of Faily Kurds in Iraq
Authors: Ketuly Kamal Aziz 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOn April 4th, 1980, Saddam Hussein's government initiated a mass deportation of Iraqi citizens to Iran. In total, an estimated one million people were deported between 1980 and 1990. At the same time, thousands of the relatives of these deportees were detained as hostages, an estimated 4,000 of whom are still missing. This is considered the first Anfal operation undertaken by the Baʿthist regime against the Kurds.
The Inaugural Goldstein Memorial Lecture — Some challenging new applications for basic mathematical methods in the mechanics of fluids that were originally pursued with aeronautical aims
Authors: Lighthill James 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe lecture recalls great Manchester traditions in the mechanics of fluids and in related areas of mathematics which were brilliantly renewed from 1945 onwards through Sydney Goldstein’s work as Beyer Professor of Applied Mathematics. Goldstein brought to this important task not only his own personal distinction in those fields but also his great experience in leading interacting groups working in experimental and theoretical fluid dynamics with largely aeronautical objectives. The University has continued strongly to maintain these traditions.The lecture celebrates also two fine pieces of research where gifted biologists have successfully used certain key mathematical ideas and methods in the mechanics of fluids to solve problems of importance in the field of animal locomotion. The first example is the work of C. J. Pennycuick, J. M. V. Rayner and G. R. Spedding in determining the character of the vortex wake behind a steadily moving bird in horizontal flapping flight. Typically, this takes the form of a “concertina wake” of fluctuating width but approximately constant circulation, exerting forces which are greater in the downstroke (which sheds a wide wake) and less in the upstroke (which sheds a narrower wake). Some notable advantages of the concertina wake are indicated.Finally, work by Sir Eric Denton, Sir John Gray and Dr J. H. S. Blaxter on schooling behaviour in herrings and other clupeoid fishes is described. These fishes’ mechanisms for advantageously maintaining well coordinated motion of the school as a whole depend not only on eye vision but also on certain specialised organs admirably fitted to the sensing of hydrodynamic pressure fields (associated with the motions of other fishes) and of their lateral and longitudinal gradients.
Effect of swirl on mixing of co-axial jets
Authors: Singh S. N. , Agrawal D. P. , Malhotra R. C. , Raghava A. K. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The imposition of swirl on co-axial jets exhausting into confined space, akin to a combustor model, has far reaching effects on their mixing and flow development. In the present paper, the influence of swirl on both the jets has been determined in terms of velocity and pressure distributions in the confined space. It has been shown that swirl in the central jet leads to faster mixing whereas higher swirl in the annular jet improves both mixing and development.
Free vibration of laminated beams and stiffened plates using a high-order element
Authors: Mukherjee Abhijit 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFree vibration analysis of laminated composite beams, plates and stiffened plates using the finite element method has been presented. To give due importance to the shear deformation in composite materials, a high-order element which considers the quadratic variation of shear strain along the thickness of the element has been developed. The element has been developed using the quadratic isoparametric shape functions. Therefore, it can accommodate curved boundaries. Moreover, the stiffener element can have an arbitrary planform and it need not pass through any nodal point. The stiffener element has been developed in such a fashion to make the mesh division free from the location of the stiffener. This is extremely advantageous for optimisation of the path of the stiffener in a stiffened plated structure, while it is not necessary to modify the mesh division whenever the stiffener path is modified. Two different shape functions — the eight-node Serendipity and the nine-node Lagrangian — have been employed and a comparison between their performances has been presented. Two schemes for the generation of mass matrix, namely the lumped mass scheme and the consistent mass scheme, have been developed. The elements have been implemented in the ASKA element library and they can be used along with any standard ASKA element.
Technical Note — Aerodynamics at the speed of sound
Authors: Denning R. M. 
Published: March 2023

This is a summary of work detailed in a more comprehensive paper which contains a major re-examination of, and challenge to, the assumptions of aerodynamics theory as applied to infinite flow fields at the speed of sound and their consequent relevance to the reality of free flight.In steady-state flow fields generally, fore-bodies are embedded in the flow by a process based on the contraction of the streamline cross-sections. In subsonic flow this is achieved by velocity increase whereas in supersonic flow it is by velocity decrease. A primary reason for the challenge to accepted theory lies in the fact that, in a steady-state sonic field streamlines can only increase from their undisturbed area (Fig. 1) and this leads to fundamental difficulties in the construction of the forward flow field which in turn lead to the various theoretical anomalies.
Heat transfer measurements on a biconic in
hypervelocity nitrogen flow
Authors: Gai S. L. , Cain T. , Joe W. S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHeat transfer rates on a straight biconic, an attractive configuration for an aero-assisted orbital transfer vehicle, were made in the ANU T3 shock tunnel at various angles of attack and a stagnation enthalpy of 26 MJ/kg, equivalent to a flight speed of 7-2 km/s. The heat transfer database at this higher enthalpy has been compared with the data obtained on the same model in hypersonic and hypervelocity facilities elsewhere. The non-equilibrium flow effects on the model have been discussed in terms of the Hornung reaction rate parameter Ω.
Solution of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations for transonic aerofoil flows
Authors: Johnston L. J. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryA computational method to predict the viscous transonic flow development around two-dimensional aerofoil sections is described. The Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations applicable to turbulent flow are discretised in space using a cell-centred finite-volume formulation. A multi-stage, explicit, time-marching scheme is used to advance the unsteady flow equations in time to a steady-state solution. Turbulence closure is achieved using either the Baldwin-Lomax algebraic model, or a one-equation model based on the turbulent kinetic energy equation. This latter equation is solved using essentially identical procedures to those for the mean-flow equations. Results are presented for the RAE 2822, RAE 5225, CAST 7 and MBB-A3 transonic aerofoil sections. The relative performance and limitations of the two turbulence models are discussed.
The application of high pressure ejectors to reaction control systems
Authors: Miller P. , Seel M. W. R. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryA study of the thrust augmentation arising from the application of ejectors to high pressure reaction control systems typical of VSTOL aircraft is presented. A numerical analysis was undertaken to identify parameters critical to the attainment of high performance. A novel technique for improving mixing in confined ejector flows was investigated experimentally.Theoretical work considered configurations with both sonic and supersonic primary flows. The studies show that thrust augmentation ratios ⋍ 1·3 are possible at pressure ratios around 15 using an ejector area ratio of 35. Little benefit accrues from diffusion at high pressure and performance is sensitive to mixing efficiency in terms of the mixing duct exit flow uniformity and primary nozzle losses.Jets issuing from underexpanded nozzles fitted with castellations around their exit were compared experimentally with those leaving plain nozzles. Significant improvements in jet entrainment rates arise from the castellations. Strong correlation is observed between the free jet mixing rate and ejector secondary thrust. The level of thrust augmentation is low in conventional terms but constitutes a significant improvement over plain nozzle ejectors and non-augmented convergent nozzles.