bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decreased plasma neuropeptides in first-episode schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder: associations with clinical symptoms and cognitive function
Authors: Yu Hua , Ni Peiyan , Zhao Liansheng , Tian Yang , Li Mingli , Li Xiaojing , Wei Wei , Wei Jinxue , Deng Wei , Du Xiangdong , Wang Qiang , Guo Wanjun , Ma Xiaohong , Coid Jeremy , Li Tao 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundThere is an urgent need to identify differentiating and disease-monitoring biomarkers of schizophrenia, bipolar disorders (BD), and major depressive disorders (MDD) to improve treatment and management.MethodsWe recruited 54 first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients, 52 BD patients, 35 MDD patients, and 54 healthy controls from inpatient and outpatient clinics. α-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (α-MSH), β-endorphin, neurotensin, orexin-A, oxytocin, and substance P were investigated using quantitative multiplex assay method. Psychotic symptoms were measured using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), manic symptoms using the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), and depressive symptoms using 17 item-Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD). We additionally measured cognitive function by using a battery of tests given to all participants.Resultsα-MSH, neurotensin, orexin-A, oxytocin, and substance P were decreased in the three patient groups compared with controls. Neurotensin outperformed all biomarkers in differentiating patient groups from controls. There were no significant differences for 6 neuropeptides in their ability to differentiate between the three patient groups. Higher neurotensin was associated with better executive function across the entire sample. Lower oxytocin and higher substance p were associated with more psychotic symptoms in FES and BD groups. β-endorphin was associated with early morning wakening symptom in all three patient groups.ConclusionOur research shows decreased circulating neuropeptides have the potential to differentiate severe mental illnesses from controls. These neuropeptides are promising treatment targets for improving clinical symptoms and cognitive function in FES, BD, and MDD.
Unraveling the pathophysiology of schizophrenia: insights from structural magnetic resonance imaging studies
Authors: Adamu Mohammed Jajere , Qiang Li , Nyatega Charles Okanda , Younis Ayesha , Kawuwa Halima Bello , Jabire Adamu Halilu , Saminu Sani 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundSchizophrenia affects about 1% of the global population. In addition to the complex etiology, linking this illness to genetic, environmental, and neurobiological factors, the dynamic experiences associated with this disease, such as experiences of delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, and abnormal behaviors, limit neurological consensuses regarding mechanisms underlying this disease.MethodsIn this study, we recruited 72 patients with schizophrenia and 74 healthy individuals matched by age and sex to investigate the structural brain changes that may serve as prognostic biomarkers, indicating evidence of neural dysfunction underlying schizophrenia and subsequent cognitive and behavioral deficits. We used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to determine these changes in the three tissue structures: the gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). For both image processing and statistical analysis, we used statistical parametric mapping (SPM).ResultsOur results show that patients with schizophrenia exhibited a significant volume reduction in both GM and WM. In particular, GM volume reductions were more evident in the frontal, temporal, limbic, and parietal lobe, similarly the WM volume reductions were predominantly in the frontal, temporal, and limbic lobe. In addition, patients with schizophrenia demonstrated a significant increase in the CSF volume in the left third and lateral ventricle regions.ConclusionThis VBM study supports existing research showing that schizophrenia is associated with alterations in brain structure, including gray and white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid volume. These findings provide insights into the neurobiology of schizophrenia and may inform the development of more effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on some modifiable risk factors of dementia in an aging, rural Indian population
Authors: Sundarakumar Jonas S. , Mensegere Abhishek L. , Malo Palash K. , Ravindranath Vijayalakshmi ,   on behalf of SANSCOG Collaborators
Published: May 2023

IntroductionThe impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdowns is likely to have caused adverse changes in lifestyle-related/cardiovascular risk factors and other such modifiable risk factors of dementia. We aimed to examine the pandemic’s impact on some modifiable risk factors of dementia among rural Indians belonging to a large, prospective aging cohort—Srinivaspura Aging, NeuoSenescence, and COGnition (SANSCOG).MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study among adults aged ≥ 45 years (n = 3,148; 1,492 males and 1,656 females) residing in the villages of Srinivaspura in Karnataka state, India. SANSCOG study data (clinical and biochemical assessments) of these participants were obtained from three distinct periods: (i) the “pre-COVID period”—before India’s nationwide lockdown on 24 March 2020, (ii) the “COVID period”—during the first and second waves of the pandemic, wherein the social restrictions were prominent (25 March 2020 to 30 September 2021), and (iii) the “post-COVID period”—after easing of restrictions (from 1 October 2021 onward). Proportions of participants with diabetes, hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia (diagnosed using standard criteria), and depression (diagnosed using the Geriatric Depression Scale) were compared between the above three periods.ResultsThe odds of having obesity, abnormal triglycerides, and depression among individuals in the COVID period were 1.42 times, 1.38 times, and 2.65 times more than the odds in the pre-COVID period, respectively. The odds of having hypertension, obesity, abnormal total cholesterol, abnormal triglycerides, abnormal LDL, and depression among individuals in the post-COVID period were 1.27 times, 1.32 times, 1.58 times, 1.95, 1.23, and 3.05 times more than the odds in the pre-COVID period, respectively. The odds of diabetes did not differ between any of the three periods.DiscussionWe found significantly higher odds of some of the studied risk factors in the COVID and post-COVID periods compared to the pre-COVID period, suggesting that the pandemic adversely impacted the physical and psychological health of this marginalized, rural Indian population. We call for urgent public health measures, such as multimodal, lifestyle-based, and psychosocial interventions, to mitigate this negative impact and reduce the future risk of dementia.
Rural-urban disparities in healthcare factors and long-term health outcomes in individuals with pediatric-onset spinal cord injury
Authors: Deane Kyle C. , Kurapati Nikhil , Gill Emma , Vogel Lawrence C. , Zebracki Kathy 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveAdults with pediatric-onset spinal cord injury (SCI) require long-term care and demonstrate elevated risk of secondary health conditions and psychosocial challenges. Medical providers are typically found in more populous and wealthy areas, resulting in a relative lack of providers in rural areas, a discrepancy even more pronounced among specialty providers. As a result, those who reside in rural regions potentially have unmet medical needs, representing a significant public health concern. The purpose of this study was to assess differences between rural and urban-residing participants with pediatric-onset SCI in factors affecting healthcare usage (e.g., employment, income, access to private insurance, community integration) and long-term healthcare outcomes (i.e., secondary health conditions and psychosocial functioning).MethodsData were gathered from an ongoing study examining long-term outcomes of adults with pediatric-onset SCI. Participants (N = 490) completed measures of sociodemographics, injury characteristics, and medical outcomes. Participant zip codes were classified as rural or urban using the ProximityOne database based on the ZIP Code Tabulation Areas from the 2020 census.ResultsIndividuals residing in rural regions report lower levels of education, income, employment rates, private health insurance, and community integration (mobility, occupation, and social engagement), as well increased incidence of pressure injuries, urinary tract infections, hospitalizations, bowel incontinence, sleep difficulties, and perceived physical health. No differences in incidence of psychosocial functioning were identified.ConclusionMitigating identified disparities and obstacles to treatment of SCI due to residing in rural environments would result in important improvements in treatment outcomes and future prevention efforts of secondary health complications, improving the overall health of adults with pediatric-onset SCI.
Measuring digital capital in Italy
Authors: Addeo Felice , D'Auria Valentina , Delli Paoli Angela , Punziano Gabriella , Ragnedda Massimo , Ruiu Maria Laura 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionThis paper aims to theoretically and empirically investigate the concept of digital capital in the Italian context. Digital Capital can be conceived as independent individual capital whose lack within a population can be a cause of digital inequality. Our paper draws from recent works that have measured the Digital Capital as a combination of digital access and digital competences, and have tested this operational definition through an online survey on a UK sample. The results of such research proved the construct validity of the operational definition, thus showing that Digital Capital could be empirically measured. However, a measurement model needs to be tested and validated over time and in different socio-cultural contexts in order to be refined and strengthened, and eventually disseminated on a large scale.MethodThis is the reason why this paper will show the results of a funded research project (named DigiCapItaly) carried out to test the validity of the Digital Capital measure in a different country, i.e., Italy. The data were collected with an online survey using a representative sample (by age, gender and geographical area) of individuals living in Italy aged 18 years or more. The creation of a composite index to measure Digital Capital followed a two-stage Principal Component Analysis approach.ResultsFirst, the paper provides a methodological framework for facing challenges and pitfalls in operationalizing and assessing a complex concept in social research. Secondly, results show that Digital Capital operational definition works in Italy as well as in the UK, thus legitimizing its recognition as an independent capital.
Incidence and Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer After Heart Transplantation: Data From the Spanish Post-Heart Transplant Tumor Registry
Authors: Sagastagoitia-Fornie Marta , Morán-Fernández Laura , Blázquez-Bermejo Zorba , Díaz-Molina Beatriz , Gómez-Bueno Manuel , Almenar-Bonet Luis , López-Granados Amador , González-Vílchez Francisco , Mirabet-Pérez Sonia , García-Romero Elena , Jose M. Sobrino-Márquez , Rábago Juan-Aracil Gregorio , Castel-Lavilla Maria Angels , Blasco-Peiro Teresa , Garrido-Bravo Iris , De La Fuente-Galán Luis , Muñiz Javier , Crespo-Leiro María G. 
Published: May 2023

In this observational and multicenter study, that included all patients who underwent a heart transplantation (HT) in Spain from 1984 to 2018, we analyzed the incidence, management, and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) after HT. Of 6,244 patients with a HT and a median follow-up of 8.8 years since the procedure, 116 CRC cases (11.5% of noncutaneous solid cancers other than lymphoma registered) were diagnosed, mainly adenocarcinomas, after a mean of 9.3 years post-HT. The incidence of CRC increased with age at HT from 56.6 per 100,000 person-years among under 45 year olds to 436.4 per 100,000 person-years among over 64 year olds. The incidence rates for age-at-diagnosis groups were significantly greater than those estimated for the general Spanish population. Curative surgery, performed for 62 of 74 operable tumors, increased the probability of patient survival since a diagnosis of CRC, from 31.6% to 75.7% at 2 years, and from 15.8% to 48.6% at 5 years, compared to patients with inoperable tumors. Our results suggest that the incidence of CRC among HT patients is greater than in the general population, increasing with age at HT.
Polyphenolic Acid Changes in Stem Cuttings of Rosa Cultivars in Relation to Phenological Stage and Rooting Enhancers
Authors: Monder Marta Joanna , Pacholczak Andrzej 
Published: May 2023

Biostimulants and rooting enhancers, i.e., auxins, affect many aspects of plant development. The experiment in this paper focused on the response of single-node rose semi-woody cuttings to rhizogenesis-enhancing preparations based on plant extracts in terms of changes in polyphenolic acid content. The shoots were cut at four stages of flowering development: (i) flower buds closed, (ii) open flower, (iii) immediately after petal shedding, (iv) 7–14 days after petal shedding. The experimental material consisted of six old, once-flowering rose cultivars (‘Duchesse d’Angoulême’, ‘Hurdals’, ‘Maiden’s Blush’, ‘Mousseuse Rouge’, Rosa beggeriana ‘Polstjårnan’, R. helenae ‘Semiplena’). The following rooting-enhancers were applied: commercial powder containing (i) 0.4% indolebutyric acid (IBA) or (ii) 0.2% naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) or commercial plant-extract mixtures named in the experiment, i.e., (iii) Seaweed Preparation, (iv) Humic Preparation, and (v) Plant Preparation, and (vi) the control cuttings, which remained untreated. The level of polyphenolic acids was determined before and after rooting. The content of polyphenolic acids had a tendency to decrease during the period of rhizogenesis for all cultivars and all phenological stages. Changes in polyphenolics were affected by all the rooting enhancers, but the contents of these compounds before and after rooting was not found to unambiguously correlate with either the final rooting percentage or quality of cuttings.
The Reducing Agents in Sonochemical Reactions without Any Additives
Authors: Yasui Kyuichi 
Published: May 2023

It has been experimentally reported that not only oxidation reactions but also reduction reactions occur in aqueous solutions under ultrasound without any additives. According to the numerical simulations of chemical reactions inside an air or argon bubble in water without any additives under ultrasound, reducing agents produced from the bubbles are H, H2, HO2 (which becomes superoxide anion (O2−) in liquid water), NO, and HNO2 (which becomes NO2− in liquid water). In addition, H2O2 sometimes works as a reducing agent. As the reduction potentials of H and H2 (in strongly alkaline solutions for H2) are higher than those of RCHOH radicals, which are usually used to reduce metal ions, H and H2 generated from cavitation bubbles are expected to reduce metal ions to produce metal nanoparticles (in strongly alkaline solutions for H2 to work). It is possible that the superoxide anion (O2−) also plays some role in the sonochemical reduction of some solutes. In strongly alkaline solutions, hydrated electrons (e−aq) formed from H atoms in liquid water may play an important role in the sonochemical reduction of solutes because the reduction potential is extremely high. The influence of ultrasonic frequency on the amount of H atoms produced from a cavitation bubble is also discussed.
Inference of the Life Cycle of Environmental Phages from Genomic Signature Distances to Their Hosts
Authors: Arnau Vicente , Díaz-Villanueva Wladimiro , Mifsut Benet Jorge , Villasante Paula , Beamud Beatriz , Mompó Paula , Sanjuan Rafael , González-Candelas Fernando , Domingo-Calap Pilar , Džunková Mária 
Published: May 2023

The environmental impact of uncultured phages is shaped by their preferred life cycle (lytic or lysogenic). However, our ability to predict it is very limited. We aimed to discriminate between lytic and lysogenic phages by comparing the similarity of their genomic signatures to those of their hosts, reflecting their co-evolution. We tested two approaches: (1) similarities of tetramer relative frequencies, (2) alignment-free comparisons based on exact k = 14 oligonucleotide matches. First, we explored 5126 reference bacterial host strains and 284 associated phages and found an approximate threshold for distinguishing lysogenic and lytic phages using both oligonucleotide-based methods. The analysis of 6482 plasmids revealed the potential for horizontal gene transfer between different host genera and, in some cases, distant bacterial taxa. Subsequently, we experimentally analyzed combinations of 138 Klebsiella pneumoniae strains and their 41 phages and found that the phages with the largest number of interactions with these strains in the laboratory had the shortest genomic distances to K. pneumoniae. We then applied our methods to 24 single-cells from a hot spring biofilm containing 41 uncultured phage–host pairs, and the results were compatible with the lysogenic life cycle of phages detected in this environment. In conclusion, oligonucleotide-based genome analysis methods can be used for predictions of (1) life cycles of environmental phages, (2) phages with the broadest host range in culture collections, and (3) potential horizontal gene transfer by plasmids.
Contextualizing Hypertext: Its Literary Status
Authors: Dohal Gassim H. 
Published: May 2023

Hypertext refers to the electronic links of texts. In the traditional texts, readers have to follow the linearity, and fixity of the book they are reading. Now computers give them a chance to escape this sort of restriction.
Computer is a medium for the creation and the reading of texts. Hypertext or digital text, as we know, takes the form of a series of links. These links are adaptable, flexible, and interactive. They question the unity of the text, and the roles of both the reader and the author. Hence, hypertext requires redefining the concepts of author, reader, text, and structure--concepts of great importance to postmodernists. In addition, hypertext consists of fragments, pastiches, different styles and genres. It ignores boundaries, and addresses the mass.
In brief, hypertext develops and brings to live many postmodern concepts such as decentering, intertextuality, writerly text and rejection of linearity and fixity of linear narrative. My paper is about hypertext in the light of postmodern theory.
Du βάθος au bathos : la traduction à l’épreuve de la théorie stylistique
Authors: Jeltikova Eugénia 
Published: May 2023

Based on a survey of various translations of the word βα ´ θο in the Longinian theory of the sublime issued since the seventeenth century, this paper shows the impact of the history of literature, and especially of stylistic theorisations, on the partly unconscious positioning of a new translator facing this difficult passage of the first-century treatise. The introduction of the transliterated word bathos in English with Pope’s Peri Bathous,
and the entry of this notion into encyclopediae of poetics favor the injection, into Longinus’ phrase, of concepts which novelty is each time valued as being worthy of
Longinus’ historical originality. This eventually leads to specify an autonomous stylistical meaning of the noun βα ´ θο , which, once included in Ancient Greek dictionaries, induces a lasting distortion in the understanding of this word.
Desenvolvimento de aplicativo como estratégia no rastreio do Câncer colorretal baseada na ação do agente comunitário de saúde
Authors: Costa Fernando Gomes de Barros , De Menezes Pedro Lemos , Alves Junior Mozart de Melo , Cavalcanti Martina Frazão Lopes , Rocha Victor Maranhão 
Published: May 2023

O Câncer colorretal (CCR) é a quarta maior causa de morte por câncer do mundo. No Brasil, estima-se que entre 2020-2022, 20.540 novos casos em homens e 20.470 em mulheres apareçam. Na população masculina o CCR é o segundo mais prevalente nas regiões Sudeste e Centro-Oeste, e o terceiro na região Sul, ocupando a quarta posição nas regiões Nordeste e Norte. Nas mulheres, é o segundo mais prevalente nas regiões Sul e Sudeste, mas nas regiões Centro-Oeste, Nordeste e Norte é o terceiro mais incidente. Porém, para a profilaxia de qualidade, faz-se necessária a educação e a conscientização dos pacientes, e uma das ferramentas para facilitar as atividades educativas em saúde são as tecnologias criadas. Diante desse contexto, esse estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver um aplicativo móvel com tecnologia multiplataforma, que possa ser usado pelo agente comunitário de saúde para identificar indivíduos que devem ser incluídos no programa de rastreamento do câncer colorretal. Trata-se de um estudo tecnológico, que será realizado de junho de 2021 a junho de 2022, dividido em três fases: I. Estruturação do aplicativo, II. Desenvolvimento do protótipo e III. Avaliação do desempenho. o aplicativo possui três módulos assim definidos: cadastro dos usuários, dados relevantes dos antecedentes pessoais, familiares e socioeconômico dos pacientes. A partir das informações obtidas o algoritmo utilizado foi capaz de determinar o risco para o desenvolvimento de câncer colorretal, sugerir o que o agende de saúde dever fazer para prevenir seu desenvolvimento do mesmo, e alertar as autoridades para que as mesmas possam tomar as devidas providências e elaborar estratégias de saúde públicas mais assertivas para esse tipo de problema. Fica claro a necessidade da criação de programas de rastreio para prevenção do câncer colorretal, pois a detecção precoce é a melhor forma de combate.
Current State of the Problem of Poliomyelitis Eradication: Epidemiological Surveillance, Vaccination and Laboratory Containment of Polioviruses
Authors: Самойлович Е.О. , Ермолович М.А. 
Published: May 2023

Представлена информация по глобальной ситуации по полиомиелиту на начало 2023 г., стратегии вакцинопрофилактики и обеспечению безопасного хранения полиовирусов. Проведен анализ выполнения завершающего этапа глобальной ликвидации полиомиелита в Республике Беларусь. Представлены результаты надзора за заболеваниями с синдромом острого вялого паралича и дополнительных видов надзора при применении схем иммунизации, включающих и не включающих использование живой оральной полиомиелитной вакцины. Показано, что надзор за полиомиелитом полностью соответствует критериям ВОЗ. Проведенная идентификация выделенных в рамках надзора за полиомиелитом вирусов показывает, что они представлены энтеровирусами (вирусами Коксаки и Экхо) и аденовирусами. Ни дикие, ни вакцинородственные полиовирусы не были изолированы. Выполняются все необходимые мероприятия по созданию базового учреждения по полиовирусам (РНПЦ эпидемиологии и микробиологии) и обеспечению лабораторного контейнмента полиовирусов.
Information is provided on the global poliomyelitis situation at the beginning of 2023, the strategy of vaccination and safe storage of polioviruses. The analysis of the implementation of the final stage of global poliomyelitis eradication in the Republic of Belarus is carried out. The results of surveillance of diseases with acute flaccid paralysis syndrome and additional types of surveillance in the application of immunization schemes, including and not including the use of live oral poliomyelitis vaccine, are presented. It is shown that poliomyelitis surveillance fully meets the WHO criteria. The identification of the viruses isolated in the framework of poliomyelitis surveillance shows that they are represented by enteroviruses (Coxsackie and Echo viruses) and adenoviruses. Neither wild nor vaccine- related polioviruses have been isolated. All necessary measures are being carried out to create a basic institution for polioviruses (The Republican Research and Practical Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology) and to provide a laboratory container for polioviruses.