bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pretreatment brain CT perfusion thresholds for predicting final infarct volume in distal medium vessel occlusions
Authors: Yedavalli Vivek , Hamam Omar , Mohseni Alireza , Chen Kwan , Wang Richard , Heo Hye‐Young , Heit Jeremy , Marsh Elisabeth Breese , Llinas Raf , Urrutia Victor , Xu Risheng , Gonzalez Fernando , Albers Greg , Hillis Argye , Nael Kambiz 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeQuantitative CT perfusion (CTP) thresholds for assessing the extent of ischemia in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) have been established; relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) <30% is typically used for estimating estimated ischemic core volume and Tmax (time to maximum) >6 seconds for critical hypoperfused volume in AIS patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO). In this study, we aimed to identify the optimal threshold values for patients presenting with AIS secondary to distal medium vessel occlusions (DMVOs).MethodsIn this retrospective study, consecutive AIS patients with anterior circulation DMVO who underwent pretreatment CTP and follow‐up MRI/CT were included. The CTP data were processed by RAPID (iSchemaView, Menlo Park, CA) to generate estimated ischemic core volumes using rCBF <20%, <30%, <34%, and <38% and critical hypoperfused volumes using Tmax (seconds) >4, >6, >8, and >10. Final infarct volumes (FIVs) were obtained from follow‐up MRI/CT within 5 days of symptom onset. Diagnostic performance between CTP thresholds and FIV was assessed in the successfully and unsuccessfully recanalized groups.ResultsFifty‐five patients met our inclusion criteria (32 female [58.2%], 68.0 ± 12.1 years old [mean ± SD]). Recanalization was attempted with intravenous tissue‐type plasminogen activator and mechanical thrombectomy in 27.7% and 38.1% of patients, respectively. Twenty‐five patients (45.4%) were successfully recanalized. In the successfully recanalized patients, no CTP threshold significantly outperformed what is used in LVO setting (rCBF < 30%). All rCBF CTP thresholds demonstrated fair diagnostic performances for predicting FIV. In unsuccessfully recanalized patients, all Tmax CTP thresholds strongly predicted FIV with relative superiority of Tmax >10 seconds (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = .875, p = .001).ConclusionIn AIS patients with DMVOs, longer Tmax delays than Tmax > 6 seconds, most notably, Tmax > 10 seconds, best predict FIV in unsuccessfully recanalized patients. No CTP threshold reliably predicts FIV in the successfully recanalized group nor significantly outperformed rCBF < 30%.
Climatic niche evolution in Smilacaceae (Liliales) drives patterns of species diversification and richness between the Old and New World
Authors: Qi Zhe‐Chen , Li Pan , Wu Jun‐Jie , Gamisch Alexander , Yang Tuo , Zhao Yun‐Peng , Xu Wu‐Qing , Chen Shi‐Chao , Cameron Kenneth M. , Qiu Ying‐Xiong , Fu Cheng‐Xin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGeographical variation in species richness in plant groups is determined by the interplay between historical, evolutionary, and ecological processes. However, the processes underlying the striking disparity in species richness between Asia and the Americas remain poorly understood. Here, we synthesize global phylogenetic and macroecological data on the diversification of Smilacaceae, deciphering potential drivers underlying the species diversity pattern biased toward Asia. We compiled global distributions of all Smilacaceae species, and reconstructed the biogeographic history and niche evolution using a new time‐calibrated phylogeny (eight genes, 135 species). Integrating these data sets, we estimated evolutionary histories and diversification rates for each region, and tested correlations among species diversification, niche evolution, and niche divergence. Smilacaceae probably originated during the Late Cretaceous/Early Palaeocene and began to diversify in middle to low latitudes in Central America and Eurasia during the Late Eocene. Both the Old and New World clades exhibited a steady, albeit slight, increase of species diversification from the Late Eocene to Early Miocene. However, the Old World clade experienced an abrupt increase in net diversification during the Late Miocene. Our findings also revealed that species diversification rates were positively correlated with ecological niche evolution and niche divergence. Niche shifts and climatic niche evolution since the Middle Miocene played crucial roles in species diversification dynamics within Smilacaceae. The high plant richness in Asia may be explained by greater diversification in this region, potentially promoted by heterogeneous environments.
Breastfeeding moderates childhood obesity risk associated with prenatal exposure to excessive gestational weight gain
Authors: Matias Susana L. , Anderson Christopher E. , Koleilat Maria 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGaining excessive gestational weight may increase obesity risk in the offspring, while breastfeeding lowers that risk. Using data from the Special Supplemental Nutrition Programme for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) in Southern California, we examined the associations between gestational weight gain (GWG), breastfeeding during infancy and childhood obesity at 2–4 years, and determined whether breastfeeding moderated the association between GWG and childhood obesity. GWG was based on weight measurements collected during the first trimester and within a month before delivery. GWG values were standardized by gestational age (GWG z‐scores), per maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and categorized into tertiles. Fully breastfeeding duration was determined by WIC infant package data indicating the amount of infant formula received monthly. Children's length (or height) and weight measurements were used to calculate BMI‐for‐age z‐scores and identify obesity (z‐score ≥ 95th percentile). Multivariable linear and modified Poisson regression analyses were conducted. Fully breastfeeding moderated the association between GWG z‐scores tertile and obesity in the offspring. Each additional month of fully breastfeeding was associated with 3%–5% obesity risk reduction for each age group and GWG z‐scores tertile, except at age 4 years for children whose mothers had low GWG z‐scores (tertile 1). Shorter fully breastfeeding duration was associated with greater obesity risk among children of mothers with high GWG z‐scores (tertile 3), but not for those whose mothers had low GWG z‐scores. Longer fully breastfeeding duration may provide greater protection against obesity among children at higher risk due to intrauterine exposure to high gestational weight gain.
Development of single‐tube real‐time PCR assay for the rapid detection of Aspergillus and Fusarium—The two most common causative agents in fungal keratitis
Authors: Tawde Yamini , Das Sourav , Gupta Amit , Sharma Savitri , Basak Soham , Shrimali Twishi , Singh Shreya , Rudramurthy Shivaprakash M. , Kaur Harsimran , Ghosh Anup 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo compare the performance of conventional, semi‐nested and real‐time panfungal ITS PCRs for diagnosing fungal keratitis (FK) and develop genus‐specific real‐time PCR for the most common aetiology of FK.MethodsThis multicentric study includes 232 corneal samples from suspected FK patients from four centres across India between November 2019 through August 2021. A total of 87 corneal buttons were included for the comparison of conventional, semi‐nested and real‐time ITS PCRs, of which 68 were from confirmed FK patients. Of these 87 samples, 44 (microscopy and culture positive for Aspergillus sp. and/or Fusarium sp.) were used for the standardisation of genus‐specific real‐time primers/probes. Subsequently, the best method showing highest sensitivity and specificity was validated in 188 samples.ResultsOn Bayesian comparison, conventional ITS2 PCR showed best performance (sensitivity and specificity of 55.88% and 100%, respectively). Since, real‐time ITS2 PCR was also considerably efficient (sensitivity and specificity of 51.47% and 84.21%, respectively) in comparison with the conventional PCR but faster, cost‐effective, and less labor‐intensive, ITS‐2 real‐time PCR is a suitable method that can be applied along with culture and microscopy. During validation, real‐time PCR with genus‐specific primers showed 61.76% and 91.18% sensitivity with specificity of 98.05% and 79.22%, respectively, for Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp. Aspergillus probe, Fusarium probe and duplex PCR showed sensitivity of 52.94%, 50% and 54.41% with specificity of 92.86%, 82.47% and 75%, respectively. No cross‐reactivity of genus‐specific PCRs was observed during standardisation.ConclusionsITS‐2 real‐time PCR can be applied as an adjunct with conventional methods for the diagnosis of FK. The genus‐specific duplex real‐time PCRs are rapid which reduces the turnaround time (TAT) avoiding the need for sequencing.
Visceral hypersensitivity induced by mild traumatic brain injury via the corticotropin‐releasing hormone receptor: An animal model
Authors: Mizoguchi Akinori , Higashiyama Masaaki , Wada Akinori , Nishimura Hiroyuki , Tomioka Akira , Ito Suguru , Tanemoto Rina , Nishii Shin , Inaba Kenichi , Sugihara Nao , Hanawa Yoshinori , Horiuchi Kazuki , Okada Yoshikiyo , Kurihara Chie , Akita Yoshihiro , Narimatu Kazuyuki , Komoto Shunsuke , Tomita Kengo , Kawauchi Satoko , Sato Shunichi , Hokari Ryota 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundMild blast‐induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) induces various gut symptoms resembling human irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) as one of mental and behavioral disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated whether the extremely localized brain impact extracranially induced by laser‐induced shock wave (LISW) evoked IBS‐like phenomenon including visceral hypersensitivity and intestinal hyperpermeability in rats.MethodsThe rats were subjected to LISW on the scalp to shock the entire brain. Visceral hypersensitivity was evaluated by the threshold pressure of abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) using a colorectal distension test. Permeability was evaluated by the concentration of penetrating FITC‐dextran from intestine and the mRNA expression levels of tight junction family proteins. Involvement of corticotropin‐releasing factor receptor (CRFR) 1 and 2 was examined by evaluating mRNA expression and modulating CRFR function with agonist, recombinant CRF (10 μg/kg), and antagonist, astressin (33 μg/kg). High‐throughput sequencing of the gut microbiota was performed by MiSeqIII instrument and QIIME tool.Key ResultsThe thresholds of the AWR were significantly lowered after LISW. Permeability was increased in small intestine by LISW along with decreased expression of tight junction ZO‐1. LISW significantly increased CRFR1 expression and decreased CRFR2 expression. Visceral hypersensitivity was significantly aggravated by CRFR agonist and suppressed by CRFR antagonist. The α‐ and β‐diversity of the fecal microbiota was altered after LISW.Conclusions and InferencesLISW provoked visceral hypersensitivity, small intestinal hyperpermeability, altered expression of CRFRs and changes in the microbiota, suggesting that genuine bTBI caused by LISW can induce a pathophysiology comparable to that of human IBS.
From ‘if‐then’ to ‘what if?’ Rethinking healthcare algorithmics with posthuman speculative ethics
Authors: Smith Jamie , Klumbyte Goda , Britton Ren Loren 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article discusses the role that algorithmic thinking and management play in health care and the kind of exclusions this might create. We argue that evidence‐based medicine relies on research and data to create pathways for patient journeys. Coupled with data‐based algorithmic prediction tools in health care, they establish what could be called health care algorithmics—a mode of management of healthcare that produces forms of algorithmic governmentality. Relying on a critical posthumanist perspective, we show how healthcare algorithmics is contingent on the way authority over bodies is produced and how predictive health care algorithms can reproduce inequalities of the worlds from which they are made, centreing possible futures on existing normativities regulated through algorithmic biopower. In contrast to that, we explore posthuman speculative ethics as a way to challenge understanding of ‘ethics’ and ‘care’ in healthcare algorithmics. We suggest some possible avenues towards working speculative ethics into health care while still being critically attentive to algorithmic modes of management and prediction in health care.
FERMT2 upregulation in CAFs enhances EMT of OSCC and M2 macrophage polarization
Authors: Ma Xiangrui , Zhao Dan , Liu Shan , Zuo Jinhua , Wang Wenlong , Wang Fang , Li Yourui , Ding Zhangfan , Wang Jing , Wang Xiaoyi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesFERMT2 upregulation was associated with malignant tumor behaviors, including epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal (EMT). This study aimed to characterize the expression profile of FERMT2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to explore its involvement in the tumor microenvironment sculptured by oral cancer‐associated fibroblasts (OCAFs).MaterialsPrevious bulk‐seq (TCGA‐HNSC) and single‐cell RNA‐seq data sets were retrieved for bioinformatic analysis. Human OSCC lines SCC15 and CAL27, primary normal oral fibroblasts (NOFs), OCAFs, and THP‐1 cells were used for intro studies.ResultsFERMT2 expression was significantly higher in CAFs compared with OSCC tumor cells and normal fibroblasts. Higher FERMT2 expression might independently predict unfavorable disease‐specific survival (DSS) in patients with OSCC. Knockdown of FERMT2 suppressed the expression and secretion of IGFBP7, SPARC, TIMP3, COL4A1, and IGFBP4 in OCAFs. OCAFs with FERMT2 knockdown had significantly weakened capability to induce the invasion of OSCC cells and the expression of mesenchymal markers. FERMT2 knockdown impaired the inducing effect of OCAFs on the migration of M0 macrophages and the expression of M2 macrophage markers.ConclusionsFERMT2 could modulate the production and secretion of IGFBP7, SPARC, COL4A1, and IGFBP4 in OCAFs, thereby inducing the EMT of OSCC and M2 macrophage polarization.
Prognostic value of pretreatment lymphocyte percentage in oral cancer: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Na , Lin Yulan , Shen Liling , Song Haoyuan , Huang Weihai , Huang Jingyao , Chen Fa , Liu Fengqiong , Wang Jing , Qiu Yu , Shi Bin , Lin Lisong , He Baochang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the prognostic role of pretreatment lymphocyte percentage (LY%) for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).MethodsA large‐scale prospective cohort study between July 2002 and March 2021 was conducted. Propensity score‐matched (PSM) analysis and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis were performed to adjust for potential confounders. Using random survival forest (RSF), the relative importance of pretreatment LY% in prognosis prediction was also assessed.ResultsA total of 743 patients were enrolled and followed up (median: 2.75 years, interquartile range: 1.25–4.42 years). A high pretreatment LY% was significantly associated with better disease‐specific survival of patients with OSCC (Hazard ratio [HR] = 0.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.42, 0.84). The same tendency was observed in PSM (HR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.38, 0.85) and IPTW analysis (HR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.40, 0.82). RSF showed that LY% ranked the fifth among importance ranking of all prognostic factors.ConclusionPretreatment LY% showed a moderate predictive ability, suggesting it might be a valuable tool to predict prognosis for patients with OSCC.
The impact of dry eye disease on corneal nerve parameters: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chiang Jeremy Chung Bo , Tran Vincent , Wolffsohn James S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeDry eye disease (DED) is a growing global health problem with a significant impact on the quality of life of patients. While neurosensory abnormalities have been recognised as a contributor to DED pathophysiology, the potential role of in vivo corneal confocal microscopy in detecting nerve loss or damage remains unclear. This systematic review with meta‐analysis (PROSPERO registered CRD42022381861) investigated whether DED has an impact on sub‐basal corneal nerve parameters.MethodsPubMed, Embase and Web of Science Core Collection databases were searched from inception to 9 December 2022. Studies using laser scanning confocal microscopy to compare corneal nerve parameters of DED with healthy eyes were included. Study selection process and data extraction were performed by two independent members of the review team.ResultsTwenty‐two studies with 916 participants with DED and 491 healthy controls were included, with 21 of these studies included in subsequent meta‐analyses. There was a decrease in total corneal nerve length (−3.85 mm/mm2; 95% CI −5.16, −2.55), corneal main nerve trunk density (−4.81 number/mm2; 95% CI −7.94, −1.68) and corneal nerve branch density (−15.52 number/mm2; 95% CI −27.20, −3.84) in DED eyes compared with healthy eyes, with subgroup analysis demonstrating that these differences were more evident in studies using NeuronJ software, a semi‐automated procedure. While this review found evidence of loss of corneal nerve parameters in eyes with DED compared with healthy controls, particularly with the use of a semi‐automated image analysis method, it is evident that there is substantial heterogeneity between studies in terms of corneal nerve imaging methodology.ConclusionsStandardisation is required in terms of terminology and analysis, with more research needed to potentially improve the clinical applicability and practicality of corneal nerve imaging. Further investigation is also required to confirm the diagnostic accuracy of this imaging modality and its potential for monitoring DED treatment efficacy.
Targeted muscle reinnervation in managing post‐amputation related pain: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hagiga Ahmed , Aly Mohamed , Gumaa Mohammed , Rehan Youssef Aliaa , Cubison Tania 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionLimb amputation can cause residual limb pain (RLP) and/or phantom limb pain (PLP). Although targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) was initially introduced to facilitate the control of prosthetic limbs, it has been noted that these patients experience less pain and improved prosthetic functional outcomes. As a result, the use of TMR in managing neuroma‐related RLP is increasing. The aim of this review is to assess the quality and strength of the evidence supporting the effectiveness of TMR in managing amputation‐related pain.MethodsFive different databases, including MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase, were searched from inception to March 2022. The protocol for this systematic review has been registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42020218242). To be included, studies needed to compare pre‐ and postoperative pain outcomes or different techniques for adult patients who underwent TMR following amputation. Eligible studies also needed to use patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMS) and be clinical trials or observational studies published in English. Excluded studies were case reports, case series, reviews, proof of concept studies, and conference proceedings. A meta‐analysis was performed on studies that had similar intervention and control groups to examine treatment effects using a random‐effects model. Studies were weighted using the inverse variance method, and a statistically significant p‐value was considered to be less than or equal to 0.05.ResultsThis review included five studies for qualitative analysis and four studies for quantitative analysis. Reviewed studies enrolled a total of 127 patients. The TMR group was compared with standard treatment at 12 months follow‐up. The TMR group showed significantly better PLP as assessed by the numerical rating score RLP, and PLP assessed using Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) also showed significantly lower pain intensity in the TMR group.ConclusionThere is limited evidence of good quality favoring TMR in reducing postamputation PLP and RLP pain compared with standard care. Randomized clinical trials are encouraged to compare the efficacy of different surgical techniques.
Singlet oxygen lifetime changes in dying glioblastoma cells
Authors: Hovan Andrej , Pevna Viktoria , Huntosova Veronika , Miskovsky Pavol , Bánó Gregor 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTime‐resolved phosphorescence detection was employed to determine the lifetime of singlet oxygen in live cells. Using hypericin as a photosensitizer, singlet oxygen was generated in U87MG glioblastoma cells. The phosphorescence of singlet oxygen was detected in aqueous cell suspensions following pulsed laser excitation. Our goal was to eliminate or reduce the problems associated with lifetime measurements in water‐based cell suspensions. The apparatus enabled simultaneous singlet oxygen phosphorescence and transient absorption measurements, reducing uncertainty in lifetime estimation. The changes in singlet oxygen lifetime were observed during early and late apoptosis induced by photodynamic action. Our findings show that the effective lifetime of singlet oxygen in the intracellular space of the studied glioblastoma cells is 0.4 μs and increases to 1.5 μs as apoptosis progresses. Another group of hypericin, presumably located in the membrane blebs and the plasma membrane of apoptotic cells, generates singlet oxygen with a lifetime of 1.9 μs.
The influence of prior work experience in aged care on nursing students' views on aged care nursing: A systematic review
Authors: Himanen Sari , Salin Sirpa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundNursing students' experiences during clinical training in aged care placements is a well‐studied topic. However, there is less research on the connection between nursing students' prior experiences as assistants in nursing (AIN) and their perception of aged care nursing.AimThe aim of this study was to identify and synthesize undergraduate nursing students' experiences as working as AIN in aged care settings.MethodA systematic review was carried out by searching the CINAHL, Scopus, Medline and Medic databases, supplemented by manual searches. The searches focused on peer‐reviewed scientific empirical research articles published in English, with a 10‐year date limitation. The data were analysed by the qualitative content method.ResultsThe review identified 11 articles, which showed that nursing students' prior work experience shifts their perceptions of older adults' care. The findings were organized under four major themes. Through their employment as AIN, (1) nursing students' ability to reflect and develop skills needed in clinical work strengthened, (2) they became aware of the independent role of the nurse, (3) they feel part of the workplace community and (4) they recognized their feelings and views about aged care as a career.ConclusionStudents' work experience in aged care helps them to observe aged care settings as a unique set up and nursing comprehensively from the perspective of an older adult's care needs and they can observe the dynamics of a workplace community. They can see many positive features in working in aged care and assess their experience with positive descriptions.