bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring NV center depth in real time taking advantage of maximum likelihood estimation: a proof-of-concept simulation study
Authors: Ota Tomoki , Chanuntranont Akirabha , Kobayashi Yuka , Saito Daiki , Miyake Yuto , Sekiguchi Ken , Oda Arisa , Usui Shuntaro , Shinada Takahiro , Tanii Takashi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We present a method for the on-line estimation of the depth of single shallow NV centers in diamond. This method combines photon detection simulation with maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) to produce faster results and can be performed at the same time as data arrives. The results show that MLE produces a depth estimate close to the true NV center depth in a shorter measurement duration, as compared to the conventional data fitting of the power spectral density. Also, real-time estimation with this technique is feasible using a computer equipped with hardware accelerators, such as high-performance graphical processing units.
Broadband anomalous reflection and high-efficiency circular polarization conversion based on phase gradient metasurface
Authors: Liu Ruiya , Tang Bin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Anomalous reflection and polarization conversion are distinct optical phenomena arising from the manipulation of light through engineered surfaces, enabling beam steering and polarization control. In this paper, we theoretically and numerically propose a phase gradient metasurface that can simultaneously achieve the broadband anomalous reflection and polarization conversion for the circularly polarized lights in terahertz region. When the circularly polarized lights are vertically incident on the metasurface, there exists an anomalous reflection with reflection angle ranging from 24.7° to 48.6°. Moreover, the anomalous reflection angles obtained from theoretical calculations are in good agreement with the simulation results. Meanwhile, the polarization conversion can be achieved, with polarization conversion ratio of 100%. In addition, we investigate the sensing properties of the anomalous reflection metasurface as a refractive index sensor. The refractive index sensitivity of the designed metasurface is 25.7°/RIU, which has promising applications in the field of biochemical sensing and special environmental detection.
Ampere-class double pulse testing of half-inch H-terminated diamond MOSFET chip
Authors: Takaesu Keita , Sano Daisuke , Ota Iku , Otsuka Keiko , Takeuchi Daisuke , MAKINO Toshiharu , UMEZAWA Hitoshi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
400 metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) were fabricated on a half-inch diamond substrate. The performance of each device was evaluated, and an H-terminated diamond MOSFET chip was created by connecting over 300 of the well performing MOSFETs in parallel, resulting in a gate width of 32 cm. This chip was used for double pulse testing, with its switching characteristics being evaluated at 2.5 A. The results show a fall/rise time of 19/32 ns, respectively, and switching losses during turn-off/turn-on of 4.65/1.24 μJ. This study demonstrated switching operation at large currents in diamond power MOSFETs.
Analisis Kesediaan Membayar Pengunjung Untuk Keberlanjutan Pengelolaan Wilayah Pesisir Pantai Di Kota Mataram Dan Kabupaten Lombok Barat
Authors: Khairunnas Arifal , Wijimulawiani Baiq Saripta , Hak Muhamad Bai’ul 
Published: February 2025

Penelitian dilakukan di kawasan Pesisir pantai Kota Mataram dan Kabupaten Lombok Barat, yang bertujuan untuk (1) menghitung kesediaan membayar (WTP) dari perspektif pengunjung untuk keberlanjutan wisata pesisir pantai Kota Mataram dan Kabupaten Lombok Barat; (2) mengidentifikasi permasalahan di wilayah pesisir pantai Kota Mataram dan Kabupaten Lombok Barat; (3) menganalisis faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi kesediaan membayar (WTP). Penelitian ini dilakukan pengumpulan data menggunakan metode observasi, dokumentasi, serta wawancara langsung. Dari pengumpulan data didapatkan sejumlah 82 responden dari 8 pantai di Kota Mataram dan Kabupaten Lombok Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Contigent Valuation Method dan analisis Regresi Linier berganda dengan menggunakan aplikasi STATA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 57% responden bersedia membayar lebih untuk pengelolaan kawasan pesisir pantai, Sedangkan 43% responden tidak bersedia membayar lebih. Adapun responden yang bersedia membayar untuk mendukung keberlanjutan kawasan pesisir sebesar Rp 4,357 per kunjungan. Pengunjung mengeluhkan permasalahan sampah (74%), minimnya fasilitas umum (15%), dan permasalahan infrastruktur (4%). Hasil uji Statistik didapati faktor usia dan pendidikan mempunyai pengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan. Sedangkan faktor pendapatan dan kesadaran lingkungan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap WTP
Exoplanet Ephemerides Change Observations (ExoEcho). I. Transit Timing Analysis of 37 Exoplanets Using HST/WFC3 Data
Authors: Ma Xinyue , Wang Wenqin , Zhang Zixin , Yu Cong , Chen Dichang , Xie Jiwei , Liu Shangfei , Zhou Li , Ma Bo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The ExoEcho project is designed to study the photodynamics of exoplanets by leveraging high-precision transit timing data from ground- and space-based telescopes. Some exoplanets are experiencing orbital decay, and transit timing variation (TTV) is a useful technique to study their orbital period variations. In this study, we have obtained transit middle-time data from the Hubble Space Telescope observations for 37 short-period exoplanets, most of which are hot Jupiters. To search for potential long- and short-term orbital period variations within the sample, we conduct TTV model fitting using both linear and quadratic ephemeris models. Our analysis identifies two hot Jupiters experiencing strong periodic decays. Given the old age of the host stars of the hot Jupiter population, our findings call for a scenario where HJs are continuously being destructed and created. Our study demonstrates the importance of incorporating high-precision transit timing data to TTV study in the future.
The Radio Counterpart to the Fast X-Ray Transient EP240414a
Authors: Bright Joe S. , Carotenuto Francesco , Fender Rob , Choza Carmen , Mummery Andrew , Jonker Peter G. , Smartt Stephen J. , DeBoer David R. , Farah Wael , Matthews James , Pollak Alexander W. , Rhodes Lauren , Siemion Andrew 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Despite being operational for only a short time, the Einstein Probe mission, with its large field of view and rapid localization capabilities, has already significantly advanced the study of rapid variability in the soft X-ray sky. We report the discovery of luminous and variable radio emission from the Einstein Probe fast X-ray transient EP240414a, the second such source with a radio counterpart. The radio emission at 3 GHz peaks at ∼30 days postexplosion and with a spectral luminosity ∼2 × 1030 erg s−1 Hz−1, similar to what is seen from long gamma-ray bursts, and distinct from other extragalactic transients including supernovae and tidal disruption events, although we cannot completely rule out emission from engine driven stellar explosions, e.g., the fast blue optical transients. An equipartition analysis of our radio data reveals that an outflow with at least a moderate bulk Lorentz factor (Γ ≳ 1.6) with a minimum energy of ∼1048 erg is required to explain our observations. The apparent lack of a reported gamma-ray counterpart to EP240414a could suggest that an off-axis or choked jet could be responsible for the radio emission, although a low-luminosity gamma-ray burst may have gone undetected. Our observations are consistent with the hypothesis that a significant fraction of extragalactic fast X-ray transients are associated with the deaths of massive stars.
The Puzzling Superorbital Period Variation of the Low-mass X-Ray Binary 4U 1820–30
Authors: Chou 周 Yi 翊 , Wu 吳 Jun-Lei 君磊 , Chen 陳 Bo-Chun 泊錞 , Chang 張 Wei-Yun 瑋芸 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Because of the previously observed stability of the 171 days period, the superorbital modulation of the low-mass X-ray binary 4U 1820–30 was considered a consequence of a third star orbiting around the binary. This study aims to further verify this triple model by testing the stability of the superorbital period using the light curves collected by X-ray sky-monitoring/scanning telescopes from 1987 to 2023. Both power spectral and phase analysis results indicate a significant change in the superorbital period, from 171 to 167 days, over this 36 yr span. The evolution of the superorbital phase suggests that the superorbital period may have experienced an abrupt change between early 2001 and mid 2003 or changed gradually with a period derivative of

P
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=
(
−
4.20
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1

0

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day day−1. We conclude that the superorbital period of 4U 1820–30 was not as stable as anticipated by the triple model, which strongly challenges this hypothesis. Instead, we propose an irradiation-induced mass-transfer instability scenario to explain the superorbital modulation of 4U 1820–30.
Prediction of Halo Coronal Mass Ejections Using SDO/HMI Vector Magnetic Data Products and a Transformer Model
Authors: Zhang Hongyang , Jing Ju , Wang Jason T. L. , Wang Haimin , Abduallah Yasser , Xu Yan , Alobaid Khalid A. , Farooki Hameedullah , Yurchyshyn Vasyl 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We present a transformer model, named DeepHalo, to predict the occurrence of halo coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Our model takes as input an active region (AR) and a profile, where the profile contains a time series of data samples in the AR that are collected 24 hr before the beginning of a day, and predicts whether the AR would produce a halo CME during that day. Each data sample contains physical parameters, or features, derived from photospheric vector magnetic field data taken by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory. We survey and match CME events in the Space Weather Database Of Notification, Knowledge, Information and the Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph CME Catalog, and we compile a list of CMEs, including halo CMEs and nonhalo CMEs, associated with ARs in the period between 2010 November and 2023 August. We use the information gathered above to build the labels (positive vs. negative) of the data samples and profiles at hand, where the labels are needed for machine learning. Experimental results show that DeepHalo with a true skill statistic (TSS) score of 0.907 outperforms a closely related long short-term memory network with a TSS score of 0.821. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the transformer model has been used for halo CME prediction.
New distribution records of wild bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) in South Tyrol (Italy): expanding the wild bee database
Authors: Zanini Sebastiano , Dainese Matteo , Kopf Timo , Obwegs Lisa , Anderle Matteo , Leitinger Georg , Tappeiner Ulrike 
Published: February 2025

Throughout South Tyrol, in northern Italy, there is a data deficiency relating to wild bee species pool. Here, we present significant findings from the collection of 3,313 wild bees gathered over two separate studies conducted in consecutive years. Our research focused on the impact of landscape heterogeneity, temperature and land-use change on wild bee communities and their pollination services in an agricultural and mountainous landscape. This article provides a detailed account of the 150 identified wild bee species collected using coloured pan traps. We report habitat type, occurrence data, threat status, sociality, nesting strategy and diet breadth. In Italian regions where information on wild bee distribution is lacking or outdated, sharing data is crucial for developing conservation policies.
The compiled species list strengthens regional and national wild bee database by providing new distribution data for extinction-threatened species, such as Dufourea dentiventris (Nylander, 1848), Dufourea inermis (Nylander, 1848), Lasioglossum brevicorne (Schenck, 1870), Lasioglossum laevigatum (Kirby, 1802), Lasioglossum monstrificum (Morawitz, 1891), Nomada mutica Morawitz, 1872 and Nomada villosa Thomson, 1870. Additionally, we present recent findings of species that are valuable for understanding range expansions, recording species previously unreported in South Tyrol and updating historical data for the region.
Sex and gender reporting in neurosurgical journals: A cross-sectional study on enactment of the SAGER guidelines
Authors: Hângan Anda-Cosmina , Ognean Andrei , Orlický Michal , Prižmić Karlo , Karuc Dorian , Baric Hrvoje 
Published: February 2025

Background: In 2016, the SAGER (sex and gender equity in research) guidelines were developed to standardize research reporting and to facilitate the generalizability of research findings for women and men, thereby impacting clinical practice.
Objectives: To assess the extent to which the SAGER guidelines have been implemented in neurosurgical publications.
Methods: Original research articles from leading neurosurgical journals indexed in Google Scholar under the category &lsquo;Neurosurgery&rsquo; were examined and assessed for the extent to which the articles conformed to the SAGER guidelines. Data were extracted on subjects (sample size and relative proportions of sex or gender) and on adherence to the SAGER guidelines (one item for general principles and five items from recommendations for each section of the article) and summarized.
Results: We included 98 articles from 10 leading neurosurgical journals. The average number of subjects for a journal was 4728, of which 2056 (43.5%) were women. Only nine (9.2%) of the 98 articles used the terms &lsquo;sex&rsquo; and &lsquo;gender&rsquo; appropriately. The outcomes were disaggregated by sex in 16 (16.3%) articles; sex differences were acknowledged in the introduction in six (6.1%) articles; considered in the &lsquo;Methods&rsquo; section in five (5.1%) articles; the differing numbers of women and men were justified in the methods in two (2%) articles; and the generalizability of the results to women or men was discussed in five (5.1%) articles. The journals showed no differences in the extent to which they adhered to the guidelines.
Conclusions: Reporting sex and gender equity in neurosurgical journals is negligible for the most screened SAGER items as is the endorsement of the guidelines. The results likely reflect the lack of awareness of both the importance of disaggregating data by sex or gender and the existence of pertinent guidelines.
Enhanced methods fulfilling early discharge criteria for total hip and knee arthroplasty patients
Authors: Kougioumtzis Ioannis , Iliopoulos Efthymios , Tottas Stylianos , Tilkeridis Konstantinos , Ververidis Athanasios , Drosos Georgios 
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Enhanced recovery strategies have resulted in significant reductions in length of hospitalization and postoperative morbidity in total hip (THA) and total knee (TKA) arthroplasties. The success and safety of the arthroplasties are characterized by the establishment of evidence-based criteria, which offer safe hospitalization and postoperative care.
Aim: The objective of the present survey was to investigate components related to fast-track recovery, discharge criteria, delayed discharge, complications, and readmissions.
Materials and methods: The following methods were employed: the ASA grade, the Charlson index, the neuropathic pain (DN4) questionnaire, and the patient health (PHQ-9) questionnaire. Additionally, the study included an examination of comorbidities, hospitalization, era deliver discharge standards, and 90-day readmission. The visual analogue pain scale, complications, and demographics were also examined in the retrospective study for the research. The study was conducted f om November 2017 to January 2020.
Results: Two hundred and thirty-five patients underwent TKA (n=134) and THA (n=101), the mean age was 68±8.7 years and BMI was 32.4±5.4 kg/m2. On average, the patients had 1.6±1.1 comorbidities, the Charlson index was 2.4±1.3 and the ASA grade was 2.1±0.5. The exit rules were attained at 1.9±0.75 days postoperatively. However, the actual infirmary care was 3.06±1.01 days, with a waiting span of 62.5% or 1.2 days. THA succeeded in departure principles more quickly (1.8 days vs. 2 days for TKA). Sex (p=0.04), age (p=0.009), and the Charlson index (p=0.046) were strongly related to the instant to fulfil the release norm in the TKA. While in THA, the length of ward stay was statistically significant and correlated with both age (p=0.05) and the Charlson index (p=0.05). In addition, the superPATH approach had a strong effect on the consummation of the delivery measures (1.48 days vs. 1.89 days for the Hardinge approach) (p=0.002) and shorter treatment (p=0.04).
Conclusion: Achieving safe release goals and reducing hospitalization were associated with modifiable (superPATH approach) and unmodifiable (age, sex, and Charlson index) foretold agents. These indexes could offer reproducible results with limitation of postoperative complications, morbidity, and readmissions.
Clinical significance of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), cancer antigen 125 (CA125), the risk of ovarian malignancy algorithm (ROMA), and Copenhagen index (CPH-I) for the diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Koleva Vesselina , Shefket Sevim , Stoencheva Snezhana 
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the most common gynecological cancer among women, and in more than 90% of cases, the initial manifestation of the disease is postmenopausal bleeding. Unfortunately, despite early diagnosis and treatment, EC often recurs. Among the many serum tumor markers studied, human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) and cancer antigen 125 (CA125) show the most promise as tools for EC diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring.
Aim: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of HE4 and CA125, tested either as single markers or in combination by including them in the Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithms (ROMA) and in Copenhagen index (CPH-I).
Material and methods: In this retrospective study, 1262 women (74 with confirmed EC) were included. The patients with EC had significantly higher values for HE4, CA125, ROMA, and CPH-I (p&lt;0.001) than the healthy women and patients with benign diseases. The subgroup analysis based on the histological type of EC revealed that the highest markers and algorithms were recorded in type II EC group.
Results: The ROC curve analysis showed that the best diagnostic performance for detecting EC among patients with benign diseases was the ROMA index (AUC=0.869; 95% CI: 0.818-0.920), followed by CPH-I (AUC=0.822; 95% CI: 0.757-0.887), and HE4 (AUC=0.816; 95% CI: 0.750-0.881). Tested alone, CA125 presented unsatisfactory results for this purpose. Both algorithms proved to have a correlation with the disease stage and progression better than the markers alone (HR=1.046 vs. HR=1.018).
Conclusion: In summary, the ROMA index, CPH-I, and, to a lesser extent, standalone HE4 testing can supplement imaging methods as reliable tools for diagnosing and distinguishing patients with EC from those with benign conditions. They have potential as prognostic markers for advanced disease and could help gynecological oncologists to develop a therapeutic strategy.
Relationships between the deep chlorophyll maximum and hydrographic characteristics across the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans
Authors: Estrada Miyares Marta , Latasa Mikel , Cabello Ana M. , De la Fuente Patricia , Guallar Carles , Mozetič Patricija , Riera-Lorente Max , Vidal Montserrat , Blasco Dolors 
Published: February 2025

The Malaspina-2010 circumnavigation expedition on board R/V Hesperides surveyed tropical and subtropical regions of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans between December 2010 and July 2011. This article examines the relationships between the distribution of chlorophyll a (Chl a), major inorganic nutrients and other hydrographic variables. A deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) was found at most stations between 60 and 150 m depth; it occurred close to the level of 1% surface photosynthetically active radiation and was associated with the nitracline. There was a negative relationship between total Chl a at surface and the DCM depth, and between Chl a concentration at the DCM and DCM depth. In terms of Chl a concentration, picophytoplankton was the dominant size class at all sampled light intensities (surface, 20% of surface PAR and PAR at DCM), oceans and geoclimatic zones, except at some stations influenced by upwellings or divergences. Within the Chl a concentration ranges found in this study, the proportion of picophytoplankton increased with total Chl a, in contrast with some previous findings. Vertically integrated Chl a was positively correlated with surface Chl a, with similar slopes for the whole data set and for the different oceans and zones. In turn, surface Chl a and sea surface temperature showed a negative correlation for the Indian Ocean and the subtropical zone, a positive correlation for the Atlantic, and non-significant relationships for the remaining oceans and zones.
Real-time per-operative assessment of the lower lateral nasal cartilage morphology in patients undergoing rhinoplasty
Authors: Jhunjhunwala Nikhil , Gambhir Swaroop Singh , Mangal Mahesh 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:
The success or failure of rhinoplasty depends mainly on the surgeon’s awareness of the construction of the nasal cartilaginous framework and the knowledge of the morphology and different dimensions of these cartilages. The anatomy of the lower lateral cartilage (LLC) varies according to the patient ethnicity. Since manipulation of the LLC has become more prevalent in rhinoplasties, understanding its comprehensive anatomy is paramount.

Aims:
To analyse the morphologic profile of lower lateral nasal cartilage in patients undergoing cosmetic rhinoplasty.

Materials and Methods:
All patients aged >16 years who met the inclusion criteria were included in our study. Sixty LLCs from 30 patients of Indian origin who underwent primary open rhinoplasty were dissected and assessed intraoperatively.

Results:
The average length and width of the lateral crura were 15–18 mm and 9–11.5 mm, respectively. The average length and width of the domal segment of the middle crura were 3–4.5 mm and 4–6 mm, respectively. The average length and width of the middle crura lobular segment were 3.5–5 mm and 3–5.5 mm, respectively. The medial crura’s average length and width were 10–12.5 mm and 3–4 mm, respectively. The smooth, convex shape of the lateral crura and the simple-symmetrical relationship between the medial crura are the most common in Indians.

Conclusions:
The morphologic profile of the LLC in Indian noses is different from that in other ethnic groups; therefore, while performing rhinoplasty in Indian noses, these morphologic data should be kept in mind to maintain the aesthetic as well as the ethnic appearance to increase patient satisfaction.