bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Aesthetics of Melancholia
Authors: López González Luis F. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis book explores the intersection between medicine and literature in medieval Iberian literature and culture. Its overarching argument is that thirteenth- and fourteenth-century Iberian authors revalorized the interconnection between the body, the mind, and the soul in light of the evolving epistemology of medicine. Prior to the reintroduction of classical medical treatises through Arab authors into European cultures, mental disorders and bodily diseases were primarily attributed to moral corruption, demonic influence, and superstition. The introduction of novel regimens of health as well as treatises on melancholia into academic institutions and into the cultural landscape provided the tools for newly minted authors to understand that psychosomatic illnesses stemmed from malfunctions of the body’s biochemical composition. This book demonstrates that the earliest books written in the Iberian vernaculars contain the seeds that effect the shift from a theocentric worldview to a humanistic one. I support my argument with the close readings of multiple texts, including medical treatises and religious writings, and King Alfonso X’s Cantigas de Santa Maria, Juan Manuel’s Conde Lucanor, and Juan Ruiz’ Libro de buen amor. Even though these texts differ in literary genre, rhetorical strategy, and even purpose, this study proves that they collectively employ humoral pathology and melancholic discourses as a means of underscoring the frailty and transience of human life by showing how somatic conditions sicken the body, mind, and soul of man unto death.
Introduction
Authors: Cappelletti Marco 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This section is an introduction to Part 3 of the book, which sets out the comparative analysis of the arguments used to justify strict liability in the four legal systems. This introduction begins by clarifying which arguments are going to be explored comparatively throughout Part 3, and it then briefly explains why it does not consider certain ideas such as cost internalization, enterprise liability, fairness, and pure causation as distinctive justifications for the imposition of strict liability. Section 3.1 then outlines the framework of analysis which is relied upon to explore the various patterns of reasoning and the significance of the arguments in and across the four laws. In particular, in relation to the patterns of legal argumentation, section 3.1 introduces and explains concepts such as stand-alone, combined, and juxtaposed arguments, as well as the idea of context dependence and the distinction between arguments as means and arguments as goals. In relation to the significance of arguments, it explains that the book will characterize the arguments as used across the four laws on the basis of their justificatory weight, and it will do so by relying on the distinction between key, secondary, and make-weight arguments. Finally, section 3.1 explains why the book analyses both interpretive and normative justifications: first, it may be difficult to understand whether legal actors (and especially legal scholars) are putting forward an interpretive or normative justification and, secondly, it is doubtful whether reasoning which is being presented as merely interpretive does not include any normative dimension.
Deep Pockets
Authors: Cappelletti Marco 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This section explores the deep-pockets argument as put forward to justify the imposition of strict liability in the four legal systems studied. First, the section presents the idea behind this argument and explains why it is useful to keep it distinct from the loss-spreading justification. Secondly, it unravels the patterns of use that characterize the deep-pockets argument in the four legal systems, while also assessing its justificatory significance and paying attention to the contexts of liability in relation to which it is invoked. The section shows that the deep-pockets argument has limited importance in all four legal systems, partly for reasons common to all of them (ie the availability of spreading mechanisms), and partly for reasons which may be found in some systems but not in others (eg the conflict between the deep-pockets argument and a vision of tort law as a system of bilateral justice, which can be found in England and in the United States but not in France and Italy).
Reduction in Administrative Costs
Authors: Cappelletti Marco 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This section explores administrative cost reduction as a justification put forward to explain or support the imposition of strict liability in the four legal systems studied. First, the section explains how this argument works but also emphasizes that it can be turned on its head and be used to question the desirability of strict liability. Secondly, it unravels the patterns of use that characterize this argument in the four legal systems, it assesses its justificatory significance and pays attention to the contexts of liability in relation to which this argument is invoked. The section shows that administrative cost reduction is not a particularly prominent justification in any of the four systems considered and that, while it has some significance in the United States and Italy thanks to ‘law and economics’, it carries very little justificatory weight in England and in France. The reasons for its limited significance lie in part in a lack of knowledge and empirical data concerning the effects of liability rules on administrative costs, and in part in the idea that administrative savings are largely irrelevant to what are perceived to be the main functions of strict liability.
Individual Responsibility
Authors: Cappelletti Marco 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This section explores individual responsibility as a justification put forward to explain or support the imposition of strict liability in the four legal systems studied. First, the section explains the idea behind this argument, clarifying that a high number of conceptions of individual responsibility exist and that they treat strict liability very differently. Secondly, the section unravels the patterns of use that characterize this argument in the four legal systems, it assesses its justificatory significance and pays attention to the contexts of liability in relation to which this argument is invoked. The section shows that individual responsibility is not a particularly prominent justification for strict liability in any of the four systems considered, though with variations across them. The argument has some significance in the United States and England, where several legal scholars have a keen interest in moral philosophy and view tort law as based on norms of individual responsibility and justice. By contrast, it is basically absent from the Italian and French contexts, where strict liability is typically justified by reference to wider societal goals, and norms of individual responsibility are, at most, relevant to liability for fault.
‘Watery Empire’ in Pericles
Authors: Borlik Todd Andrew 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The third chapter reveals that the depleted North Sea fisheries were a whale-sized bone of contention in Anglo-European politics around the time Shakespeare and Wilkins co-wrote Pericles. As a court entertainment centred on a sea-faring ruler whose name evokes naval supremacy, Pericles lends qualified support to royalist fantasies of oceanic sovereignty not only over the blue fisheries but also over sea-creatures harvested to manufacture purple dye, a key signifier of monarchy synonymous with Pericles’ hometown of Tyre. While the play’s tragic sea storms throw cold water on the representation of the ocean in court masques and seascapes—debunking human dominion over the sea and the apotheosis of the Stuarts as the heirs of Neptune by alluding to the 1607 Bristol Channel Flood and the threat of coastal erosion—the comic resolution holds out hope that the Stuarts might achieve a sustainable pan-European fisheries policy through inter-dynastic marriage.
Welsh Mountains, Alpine Pastoral, and Eco-Masculinity in Cymbeline
Authors: Borlik Todd Andrew 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Chapter 4 surveys the Welsh scenes in Cymbeline to challenge the prevailing view that early moderns despised mountains as barren warts prior to the Romantic sublime. Classifying Shakespeare’s romance as an early example of alpine pastoral, I argue that the development of Renaissance landscape art, the Cambrophilia of early modern antiquarians, the installation of a new Prince of Wales, and the Jacobean elite’s belief in hunting as the pastime of the manly warrior combined to bestow a more picturesque glow on mountains in the early seventeenth century. In tension with the georgic impulse to plunder uplands for timber, minerals, and stone, Cymbeline hints that the preservation of both Britishness and masculinity may depend on the preservation of mountain wilderness.
Introduction
Authors: Prevot Andrew 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This Introduction discusses ways in which the Christian tradition of mystical theology, started by the sixth-century Syrian monk Dionysius, can be developed and expanded today in relation to diverse forms of ordinary life. It distinguishes between grace-based and consciousness-based definitions of mysticism and between normative and quotidian senses of the ordinary. It argues that male theorists of mysticism ought to engage feminist scholarship and that feminist interpretations of mysticism ought to employ an intersectional method that analyzes interconnected gender, racial, and socioeconomic factors in the experience of divine union. It clarifies recent theological, philosophical, and feminist treatments of mysticism by thinkers such as Grace Jantzen, Amy Hollywood, Catherine Keller, and Sarah Coakley. Finally, it highlights the unique—Catholic theological, postmodern, and intersectional—contributions of this book.
Obedience, Love, and Suffering
Authors: Prevot Andrew 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter offers a constructive feminist reading of mystical theological texts by an influential Catholic theologian of the twentieth century (Balthasar) and the lay contemplative woman who was central to much of his work (Speyr). It embraces feminist critiques of their gender essentialism and certain problematic aspects of their relationship, while proposing a feminist appropriation of their gender-inclusive and gender-fluid hagiography. It scrutinizes their controversial arguments for mystical obedience to the Word of God, mystical marriage between Christ and the soul, and mystical participation in Christ’s suffering and death, while suggesting ways in which these arguments may be reformulated to avoid patriarchy and other kinds of oppression.
Immanence and Alterity
Authors: Prevot Andrew 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter contrasts two postmodern philosophical approaches to the mysticism of ordinary life: one based on a phenomenological account of the inner experience of the flesh (Henry), the other informed by psychoanalytic, historiographic, and cultural-studies theories about the self’s relation to the other (Certeau). It argues that these interpretations of the immanence and alterity of everyday life depend on creative readings of the Christian mystical tradition, especially Meister Eckhart and Jean-Joseph Surin. It proposes ways in which these postmodern mystical styles might be held together and appropriated by a contemporary, philosophically attuned Christian mystical theology.
The Other Within
Authors: Prevot Andrew 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter clarifies how two major representatives of the postmodern philosophical discourse known as “French feminism” engage with Christian mystical sources to theorize the conditions of women’s subjectivity and flourishing. It traces the development of their ideas from the 1970s through the 2000s. It begins with Irigaray’s early account of women’s mystical ecstasy as a subversion of phallocentric metaphysics and Kristeva’s early association of mysticism with a maternal, semiotic eruption in the paternal, symbolic order. It then highlights mystical aspects of Irigaray’s creative interpretations of elemental nature and Christological, Mariological, and pneumatological grace and Kristeva’s theory of primary narcissism as the inner ground of hatred and love. It critiques certain gender-essentialist and Eurocentric features of their political writings. It explains the ways the practice of yoga influences Irigaray’s most recent works and the reasons why Teresa of Avila has become a focal point of Kristeva’s reflections. It concludes that contemporary Christian mystical theology has much to gain from a nuanced reception of these thinkers.
New Directions NeededExponential Inequalities and the Limits of Equality Law
Authors: O’Cinneide Colm 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Equality law has had a good run. Over the last half century, it has put down deep roots in the legal systems of most liberal democracies. However, recent events have exposed its limitations. For all its doctrinal and conceptual sophistication, equality law has not succeeded in eliminating overt forms of discrimination, let alone its more subtle manifestations—as highlighted by the revelations that triggered the #MeToo and Black Lives Matter campaigns of 2015 to 2021, and the exponential inequalities generated by the systemic shock of Covid-19. Radical new thinking is needed, about how to inject new dynamism into equality law—which may require rethinking old shibboleths, and breaking with some of the established orthodoxies of the last half century.
More than an Afterthought? Equality Law in Ireland during the Pandemic
Authors: Bell Mark 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores whether equality law has functioned effectively during the pandemic through a case study of the experience in Ireland. It focuses on the impact of equality law on the actions of public bodies during this emergency. The chapter begins with an overview of data from Ireland on the disparate effects of the pandemic on certain groups in society, such as women and migrants. The chapter finds that, so far, there has been limited litigation under equality laws that directly relates to the state’s responses to the pandemic. In contrast, there are several examples of instances where measures that the state adopted, such as emergency employment supports, were contested politically due to their alleged inconsistency with equality laws. In some cases, this did result in subsequent revision of the original scheme. Irish law places public bodies under a duty to pay due regard to equality and human rights in performing their functions. This should have ensured that equality issues were taken into account during pandemic decision-making, but the chapter finds that there is limited evidence that this duty functioned effectively. The chapter concludes by arguing that the public sector equality duty needs to be strengthened. It also identifies the important role of state equality bodies in providing a voice for equality issues during a time of crisis.
A Public Policy Approach to Inequality
Authors: Clarke Jessica 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses diverging legal and public policy definitions of equality in the United States and explains the implications of this divergence for addressing exponential inequalities such as those unleashed by the Covid-19 pandemic. Over the past several decades, an increasingly conservative US Supreme Court has narrowly construed the project of equality law. It has marginalized theories of indirect discrimination and narrowed the scope of permissible remedial programmes that identify beneficiaries based on race. It is generally sceptical of statistical evidence of discrimination. These developments have rendered US civil rights law ill-equipped to address the disparate effects of Covid-19 based on race, gender, and other social categories. But more capacious understandings of equality have continued to influence US policy-makers, acting through legislatures, government agencies, and non-governmental organizations. These more capacious understandings of equality have inspired data collection efforts to identify disparities, to explore the causes and consequences of these disparities, and to design interventions to mitigate them. To avoid legal challenge, interventions to mitigate disparities are crafted to avoid the perception of zero-sum conflict with majority group interests. Over the longer term, as public policy approaches to equality are proven effective, they may inform legal developments, hastening the demise of legal rules that are out of sync with new understandings of what equality demands.
A Life Course Approach to Addressing Exponential Inequalities
Authors: Blackham Alysia 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter argues that age is an exponential amplifier of inequality. It puts forward a life course perspective as a nuanced lens for enriching our understanding of discrimination and its impacts over time. A life course approach offers a targeted focus for addressing exponential inequalities, drawing our attention to discrimination at critical transition points. Building on this life course perspective, experiences of discrimination over time can be seen as non-linear and multi-directional, but still interlinked and biographic, punctuating and shaping life stories in unpredictable ways. These ideas are illustrated through a case study of gendered ageism at work, drawing on empirical evidence to map how gender inequality is amplified with age and time, and further exacerbated by the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic. Viewed with this life course lens, this chapter argues that discrimination law appears fundamentally ill-adapted for responding to exponential inequalities. The chapter therefore considers the extent to which ‘next generation’ positive duties—like the Gender Equality Act 2020 (Vic)—might address these concerns.
Covid-19 and Exponential Reproductive Rights-related Inequalities in Brazil
Authors: Machado Marta , Penteado Taís 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The exponentiation of gender inequalities during the pandemic and the centrality of care work and sexual violence in this equation make the Covid-19 crisis a critical juncture that exposes the inextricable relation between sexual and reproductive rights and equality. Aggravating the situation, during the Covid-19 crisis, the Brazilian government accelerated the process of hollowing out the access to contraception and legal abortion services in the public health system. This has taken many forms—the most serious being the issuing of an executive measure imposing new formal barriers to access the right to legal abortion (Ordinance No 2282 of 27 August 27 2020). By using the Reproductive Justice Framework as a critical lens, this chapter unearths the inequality dimensions of reproduction—exponentiated by the combination of the Covid-19 crisis and the government’s attacks on reproductive rights. Grounded in empirical data, it proposes the formulation of legal challenges to the Ordinance through the mobilization of the substantive equality approach. The equality-based argument envisioned in the chapter has as premise the idea that intersectional inequalities are related to social hierarchies and that equality, in turn, would demand the dismantling of such relations. It is argued that restrictions on abortion, when seen in context, emerge as issues that arise from, are permeated by, and perpetuate inequalities and, as such, should be legally treated accordingly.
War and Democratic Conflict
Authors: Arterton F. Christopher 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter confronts the reality that war and politics are two ends of a spectrum defined by the management of social conflict. The differences are instructive. Democratic politics takes place within institutions that define appropriate conduct. In contrast, the existential threats faced by a nation may justify military actions that otherwise would be considered unethical. Military strategists must consider the importance of thinking long term and the necessity of preparedness for the enemy’s actions. In both war and politics, it is essential to rise above the day-to-day tactical complications and focus upon larger and enduring objectives. Reliance upon predictability of the opponent’s movements focuses one’s attention squarely on the aspects of the conflict that one can control and those that one cannot. Both military leaders and political managers must function in the face of substantial volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity.
Strategic Planning
Authors: Arterton F. Christopher 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The most common conception of “strategy” refers to careful planning to achieve one’s goals. Formal planning leads the reader through stages emphasizing the importance of specifying, in concrete detail, one’s goals, resources, and assumptions. Rational decision-making should be based upon four key factors that we refer to as a SOAR analysis: Situation, Objectives, Assumptions, and available Resources. These elements define the strategic layer of planning in a political context. The biggest shortcoming of the planning process, however, is that it tends to focus the political manager’s attention on the actions she/he can take while downplaying the importance of predicting the moves and reactions of the opponent. Political managers must give particular attention to the tasks of defining the objective(s) to be achieved and the assumptions upon which the strategy rests. If the assumptions prove to be wrong, the strategy will most likely need to be revised.
Strategic Political Communications
Authors: Arterton F. Christopher 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The heart of politics lies in effective communication. The understandings imparted here take place in the realm of election politics where political managers wish to induce large-scale behavioral compliance. But the same principles of effective messaging also apply to governing and in managing issues in the public’s thinking. Readers should concentrate their attention on two crucial factors in communicating on a strategic level: the audiences to be reached and the messages that need to be delivered. How to undertake these communications is important but tactical and therefore secondary. Effective communications demand three strategic guidelines: simplicity, repetition, and responsiveness. At a tactical level, ongoing and significant changes in the technologies and processes of communications are occurring in the 21st century and will continue to grow and change in the future. However, the evolving forms of technological capacity will not change the fundamental strategic dynamics of political communications.
Strategy and Negotiations in Politics
Authors: Arterton F. Christopher 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Because exercising power in politics is essential to accomplishing its purposes, strategy will inevitably emphasize Machiavellian actions. But that is not the only way to achieve and exercise political power. This chapter discusses the dynamics of finding agreement through negotiations as an alternative means of securing desired objectives. The other party should be treated as a “counterpart,” not an enemy, even recognizing that they will have interests that conflict with yours. Before entering a negotiation, you should always calculate your minimum acceptable demand (MAD), consider your best alternative to a negotiated agreement (BATNA), and diagnose whether there exists a zone of possible agreement (ZOPA). Need, desire, competition, time deadlines, and sunk costs all work to diminish the parties’ leverage over the outcome. Given that negotiations in the political realm more commonly produce coalitions and enduring relationships, political managers should act to achieve at least some minimal benefit for all parties.