bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A density-constrained model for chemotaxis
Authors: Kim Inwon , Mellet Antoine , Wu Yijing 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We consider a model of congestion dynamics with chemotaxis: the density of cells follows a chemical signal it generates, while subject to an incompressibility constraint. The incompressibility constraint results in the formation of patches, describing regions where the maximal density has been reached. The dynamics of these patches can be described by either Hele-Shaw or Richards equation type flow (depending on whether we consider the model with diffusion or the model with pure advection). Our focus in this paper is on the construction of weak solutions for this problem via a variational discrete time scheme of JKO type. We also establish the uniqueness of these solutions. In addition, we make more rigorous the connection between this incompressible chemotaxis model and the free boundary problems describing the motion of the patches in terms of the density and associated pressure variable. In particular, we obtain new results characterising the pressure variable as the solution of an obstacle problem and prove that in the pure advection case the dynamic preserves patches.
Integrable systems in cosymplectic geometry
Authors: Jovanović Božidar , Lukić Katarina 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMotivated by the time-dependent Hamiltonian dynamics, we extend the notion of Arnold–Liouville and noncommutative integrability of Hamiltonian systems on symplectic manifolds to that on cosymplectic manifolds. We prove a variant of the non-commutative integrability for evaluation and Reeb vector fields on cosymplectic manifolds and provide a construction of cosymplectic action–angle variables.
Water Quality Index Application to Evaluate the Ground Water Quality in Kalar City- Kurdistan Region- Iraq
Authors: Karim Al-Jaf Hnar Ali 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe study is aimed to identify and classify the quality of ground water in Kalar city- Kurdistan region- Iraq through a single number that achieves by water quality index (WQI). Weight arithmetic water quality index (WAWQI) was used to assess 14 physicochemical water parameters such as turbidity, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), total alkaline (TA), electric conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), sodium (Na+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), sulfate (SO42−), chloride (Cl−), nitrate (NO3−) and potassium (K+). Ground water samples were taken from 5 stations in different locations in Kalar city during the period of March and April 2021. In addition, 20 samples were taken for 5 stations in total, 4 samples for each station, 2 samples in March and 2 in April, the interval period for taking samples was 2 weeks. Water quality indices of stations 1, 2, 3 are 53.10, 51.95 and 51.08 respectively, they are in poor quality range, thus the water quality of these station is moderately polluted, while water quality indices of stations 4 and 5 are 42.23 and 44.66 respectively, which are in good quality range. The study concluded that the ground water in kalar city is slightly to moderately polluted. Calcium and magnesium contaminants in Kalar ground water are high and must be decreased into safe range. TDS, TH, DO, pH and turbidity values are in allowable ranges in all 5 stations, but they are critical and need treatment to get an excellent water quality.
Using Stable Isotopes To Identify Spatial-Temporal control on Groundwater Recharge Between Lower Zab and Tigris River South of Al-Shirqat City-Iraq.
Authors: Al-Kubaisi Q.Y , Hassan A. S , Nada K. B. , Ajeena Ali. R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes were used as natural tracers to identify spatial-temporal control on groundwater wells recharge and basic physico-chemical parameters between lower Zab and Tigris river South of AlShirqat city-Iraq. the search aimed to study the relationships in isotope compositions to evaluate the source of groundwater recharge. Seven wells water samples were analyzed for stable isotopes for two periods, (dry and wet), 2021. There is a special and temporal variations in the distribution of δD and δ 18O values in the studied area, the δD values are distributed from -39.4 to -16.2 ‰, and from -42.2 to -18.14 ‰ in dry and wet periods, respectively, while the δ 18O values are distributed from -7 to -2.83 ‰, and from -7.26 to -3.08 ‰ in dry and wet periods, respectively. The data suggest that the groundwater is sourced mainly from local meteoric water line of Iraq (LMWL) with some interaction between lower Zab and Tigris river.
Removal of Acetaminophen from Aqueous Solutions by Hybrid Fenton Oxidation and Adsorption
Authors: Khalaf N N , Alabdraba W M Sh. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPharmaceutical compounds have recently been identified as Pollutants of Emerging Concern in wastewater due to potential health hazards, and a number of methods are being developed to remove this contaminant from wastewater and water bodies. The goal of this study is to use the Fenton process for the removal of acetaminophen (ACT), followed by an adsorption process. The effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), ferrous ions (Fe+2), adsorbent dose, temperature, and pH were evaluated. During Fenton’s process, the first portion of degradation was achieved in 3 minutes under optimum conditions of Fe+2- 15 mg/l, H2O2– 150 mg/l, and pH – 3.0, while the second part of degradation was obtained in one hour under an optimization dose of adsorbent nano zero valent aluminum (nZVAL) of 600 mg/l and PH-8. We observed 88% of removal efficiency under these conditions. The study concluded that the Fenton process followed by the adsorption process is more efficient than the Fenton process alone in the degradation of ACT.
Assessment the ability of water with different ionic strength to dissolve and precipitate carbonate minerals according to omega(Ω) and saturation index (SI)
Authors: AL-Shamaa R N N , Ahmad H M 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The study included five locations in Kurdistan Region, Iraq, represented by the soils of Zawita, Zakho, Dukan, Smaquli and Aqrah, in order to know the solubility and precipitation of carbonate minerals based on the values of omega (Ω) and saturation index (SI) using water of different ionic strength (chloride water, sulfur water, Tigris river water).the results showed that the dolomite mineral was more precipitated in term of omega (9.38 * 108) and the saturation index (8.97) in the case of chloride water, while magnesite was soluble where the value of omega was)0.01) and saturation index (-1.85), then when using sulfur water the same behavior appeared for the same mineral (dolomite) in term of precipitation (SI = 9.08) and magnesite in term of solubility (SI = -0.94). The same applies to the water of the Tigris River. As a general conclusion, the dolomite was more precipitated and the magnesite was more soluble in the presence of chloride water compared with the water of the Tigris River and the sulfur water.
Representative map analysis and assessment of groundwater quality for agricultural uses in Northwest of Khanaqeen, Diyala, Iraq
Authors: Ali Shagul Abubaker , Sarhat Abdulmutalib Raafat , Muhammed Aram Hassan , Qamber Vyan Akram 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Hydro-chemical study of groundwater is considered as one of the most significant tools to evaluate its suitability for irrigation uses. The samples of groundwater were collected from eighteen deep wells in Khanaqeen District. A number of physicochemical parameters were analysed and interpreted with some irrigation indexes including: Sodium Adsorption Ratio SAR, Sodium Percent SP, Kelly Ratio KR, Permeability PI, Magnesium Hazard Ratio (MH %) and Residual Sodium Carbonate RSC. The parameters showed that electrical conductivity values ranged between (559-1985) micromhos/cm, TDS values were (233-1330) mg/l, SAR values varies from (2.63-19.30), and Na % values varied between (5.66-56.89). Also, it was observed that the most of groundwater samples are suitable for irrigation.
Rheology, rheometers, and matching models to experiments
Authors: Scott L Ridgway 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We consider the general problem of matching rheological models to experiments. We introduce the concept of identifiability of models from a given set of experiments. To illustrate this in detail, we study two rheology models, the grade-two and Oldroyd 3-parameter models, and consider two hypothetical rheometers to see if the coefficients of the rheology models are identifiable from experimental measurements or not. For the Oldroyd models, we show that the coefficients can be estimated from experiments from the two rheometers. But for the grade-two model, it is not possible to distinguish the two nonNewtonian parameters, only their sum can be estimated, and thus the grade-two model is not identifiable by the two hypothetical rheometers. However, our results imply that a different rheometer may be able to do that.
Simulation on the transition of electrostatic instabilities in EAST steady-state scenario
Authors: MA Lianjie , ZHANG Debing , YU Limin , XUE Erbing , ZHANG Xianmei , HUANG Juan , XIAO Yong , GONG Xianzu , QIAN Jinping 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The parameter dependence of transition between electrostatic instabilities is studied using gyrokinetic simulation based on a real discharge of steady-state scenario in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak. The scan of radial locations shows that trapped electron mode (TEM) dominates around the core while the ion temperature gradient mode (ITG) simultaneously dominates outside. The maximum growth rate of TEM appears around ρ = 0.24, where the maximum electron temperature gradient R/L

Te locates, ρ is the normalized poloidal flux. Effects of the parameters on the transition between TEM and ITG instability are studied at ρ = 0.24. It is found that TEM dominates in the scanning with individually changing R/L

Te from 2.50 to 25.02 or the density gradient R/L

n
from 1.38 to 13.76. Meanwhile, the electron-ion temperature ratio T
e/T
i is found to destabilize TEM, the effect of T
e is more sensitive than that of T
i. The dominant instability diagrams in the (R/L

Te, R/L

Ti) plane at different T
e/T
i and R/L

n
are numerically obtained, which clearly show the parameter range of the dominant TEM or dominant ITG instability region. It is found that the dominant TEM region becomes narrower in the plane by decreasing R/L

n
when T
e/T
i > 0.5.
An Anatomic Analysis of the Bony Vault: From the Perspective of Osteotomy in Rhinoplasty
Authors: Kim Su Jin , Kim Tae Hyun , Lee Kun Hee 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Osteotomy is one of the most traumatic but critical procedures in rhinoplasty. A detailed preoperative analysis of the bony vault is essential to performing a successful osteotomy.

Objectives
This study aimed to analyze bone thickness along the osteotomy path in primary rhinoplasty patients.

Methods
Preoperative 3-dimensional facial bone computed tomography images of 250 patients who underwent primary rhinoplasty were analyzed, and their bony vaults categorized based on symmetry. The bone thickness was measured at 3 points along the lateral and at 2 points along the medial and intermediate osteotomy paths.

Results
Of the 250 patients analyzed, 88 (35.2%) had asymmetric and 162 (64.8%) had symmetric bony vaults. The mean thickness of the bony vault was thickest at the middle level of the lateral osteotomy path, and the bony vault was thicker in male patients at all points of medial and lateral osteotomies. Furthermore, in the asymmetric bony vault, the deviated side was thicker than the contralateral side along all osteotomy paths. In particular, the deviated side was thicker, and the contralateral side was thinner, in the asymmetric bony vault than in the symmetric bony vault at the middle level of the lateral osteotomy path.

Conclusions
The thickness of the bony vault differs according to osteotomy path and gender. The lateral osteotomy, especially at the midpoint of the deviated side in male patients, is crucial in achieving a more controlled fracture.
The incremental value of multi-organ assessment of congestion using ultrasound in outpatients with heart failure
Authors: Pugliese Nicola Riccardo , Pellicori Pierpaolo , Filidei Francesco , Del Punta Lavinia , De Biase Nicolò , Balletti Alessio , Di Fiore Valerio , Mengozzi Alessandro , Taddei Stefano , Gargani Luna , Mullens Wilfried , Cleland John G F , Masi Stefano 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Aims
We investigated the prevalence and clinical value of assessing multi-organ congestion by ultrasound in heart failure (HF) outpatients.

Methods and results
Ultrasound congestion was defined as inferior vena cava of ≥21 mm, highest tertile of lung B-lines, or discontinuous renal venous flow. Associations with clinical characteristics and prognosis were explored. We enrolled 310 HF patients [median age: 77 years, median NT-proBNP: 1037 ng/L, 51% with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) &lt;50%], and 101 patients without HF. There were no clinical signs of congestion in 224 (72%) patients with HF, of whom 95 (42%) had at least one sign of congestion by ultrasound (P &lt; 0.0001). HF patients with ≥2 ultrasound signs were older, and had greater neurohormonal activation, lower urinary sodium concentration, and larger left atria despite similar LVEF. During a median follow-up of 13 (interquartile range: 6–15) months, 77 patients (19%) died or were hospitalized for HF. HF patients without ultrasound evidence of congestion had a similar outcome to patients without HF [reference; hazard ratio (HR) 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.86–1.35], while those with ≥2 ultrasound signs had the worst outcome (HR 26.7, 95% CI 12.4–63.6), even after adjusting for multiple clinical variables and NT-proBNP. Adding multi-organ assessment of congestion by ultrasound to a clinical model, including NT-proBNP, provided a net reclassification improvement of 28% (P = 0.03).

Conclusion
Simultaneous assessment of pulmonary, venous, and kidney congestion by ultrasound is feasible, fast, and identifies a high prevalence of sub-clinical congestion associated with poor outcomes.
Environmental stress during the last trimester of gestation in pregnant cows and its effect on offspring growth performance and response to glucose and adrenocorticotropic hormone
Authors: Nickles Kirsten R , Relling Alejandro E , Garcia-Guerra Alvaro , Fluharty Francis L , Parker Anthony J 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWinter and spring precipitation are predicted to increase in the Midwest region of the United States, causing muddy conditions. In a previous experiment, Angus cows (8 per treatment) were paired based on initial body weight (BW) and one cow from each pair was randomly allocated to either the mud or control treatment. Though cows consumed the same amount of dry matter, cows in the mud treatment weighed 37.4 kg less than cows in the control treatment by day 269 of gestation. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate developmental programming effects of steers born to cows in the mud treatment (MUD; n = 7) or the control treatment (CON; n = 6). Steers were weighed at birth and then weekly from approximately 56 d of age until weaning and were subjected to a glucose tolerance test (GTT) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) challenge after weaning. Steers were then placed in the feedlot for an 84-d growing phase and were weighed weekly and 12th rib back fat (BF) and ribeye area (REA) were imaged every 28 d using ultrasonography. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design with repeated measurements when appropriate (SAS 9.4). Although there was a 37.4 kg decrease in BW of cows by the end of gestation, there was no evidence of a pen treatment effect on calf birth weight (P = 0.60) or weaning weight (P = 0.99). Additionally, there was no evidence of a pen treatment × day effect for steer BW from birth to weaning (P = 0.67) or growing phase BW (P = 0.60). There was evidence of a treatment × day of growing phase effect (P = 0.02) for BF, such that CON steers had greater BF on day 28 of the growing phase; however, there was no evidence of a treatment × day effect for REA (P = 0.20). Furthermore, there was no evidence of a pen treatment effect for the growing phase average daily gain (P = 0.74), dry matter intake (P = 0.65), gain:feed (P = 0.48), plasma glucose concentration (P = 0.67) or plasma insulin concentration (P = 0.61) in response to the GTT, or plasma cortisol concentration in response to the ACTH challenge (P = 0.51). These results indicate that while mud increased net energy requirements for cows in the MUD treatment, there were no subsequent effects observed for steer BW, gain:feed, or response to glucose and ACTH during the growing phase.
Post-weaning management of modern dairy cattle genetics for beef production: a review
Authors: Jaborek Jerad R , Carvalho Pedro H V , Felix Tara L 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe contribution of dairy steers to the U.S. fed beef supply has increased from 6.9% to 16.3% over the last two decades; in part, due to declining beef cow numbers and the increased use of sexed dairy semen to produce genetically superior replacement heifers from the best dairy cows. Raising dairy cattle for beef production offers unique opportunities and challenges when compared with feeding cattle from beef breeds. Dairy steers offer predictable and uniform finishing cattle performance (ADG, DMI, G:F) as a group and more desirable quality grades on average compared with their beef steer counterparts. However, dairy steers have lesser dressing percentages and yield 2%–12% less red meat compared with beef steers due to a greater ratio of bone to muscle, internal fat, organ size, and gastrointestinal tract weight. In addition, carcasses from dairy steers can present problems in the beef packing industry, with Holstein carcasses being longer and Jersey carcasses being lighter weight than carcasses from beef breeds. Beef × dairy crossbreeding strategies are being implemented on some dairy farms to increase the income generated from dairy bull calves, while beef × dairy crossbreeding strategies can also improve the G:F and red meat yield of beef produced from the U.S. dairy herd. This alternative model of beef production from the dairy herd is not without its challenges and has resulted in variable results thus far. Successful adoption of beef × dairy crossbreeding in the cattle industry will depend on the proper selection of beef sires that excel in calving ease, growth, muscling, and marbling traits to complement the dairy genetics involved in beef production.
Taxonomic revision ofIsochelesStimpson, 1858 andLoxopagurusForest, 1964 (Decapoda: Anomura: Diogenidae) using morphological and multigene data, with the description of a new Eastern Pacific species
Authors: Vera-Silva Ana L , Mantelatto Fernando L 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe genera IsochelesStimpson, 1858 and LoxopagurusForest, 1964 are endemic to America and occur in tropical and subtropical waters. There are five species of Isocheles, two of them are found in the Western Atlantic (I. sawayaiForest & de Saint Laurent, 1968 and I. wurdemanniStimpson 1859) and three in the Eastern Pacific (I. pilosus (Holmes, 1900), I. pacificusBouvier, 1907, and I. aequimanus (Dana, 1852)). Loxopagurus is a monotypic genus and occurs only in southeastern South America. These two genera are morphologically similar, with differences in shape and size of chelae. The published information on the taxonomy of these genera is scant, and there have been some recent doubts about their phylogenetic relationship. Our study aimed to elucidate the phylogenetic relationship of Isocheles and Loxopagurus and evaluate their taxonomic validity and contextualization in Diogenidae Ortmann, 1892. We performed an integrative analysis using multigene data (16S rRNA, COI, and H3) and a detailed morphological evaluation, including redescriptions, seeking characters that allow the clear identification of these species. The type specimens of I. aequimanus, I. pilosus, and L. loxochelis (Moreira, 1901) were lost and errors are common regarding the identification of the species of Isocheles. Characters that clearly delimit these species, such as the ornamentation and shape of the chelipeds and the number of teeth on the second article of the antenna, were stated. The morphological and molecular analyses corroborated the taxonomical validity of Isocheles and Loxopagurus as two distinct genera based on the differences of the shield and chelipeds, on the topology of the trees, and on the genetic divergence inferred from three molecular markers. We also verified that the five amplified species of Isocheles constitute five distinct clades and described a new species of Isocheles, using both molecular and morphological differences from congeners. An identification key for Isocheles is proposed. Although the type material of two out of the five species of Isocheles and the holotype of Loxopagurus loxochelis were lost, the designation of neotypes is not recommended in these cases.
Changed epidemiology of narcolepsy before, during, and after the 2009 H1N1 pandemic: a nationwide narcolepsy surveillance network study in mainland China, 1990–2017
Authors: Wang Xiling , Xiao Fulong , Wang Yiping , Deng Xiaowei , Chen Zhiyuan , Dong Xiaosong , Wang Wei , Li Chenyang , Xu Zhifei , Wu Huijuan , Yu Huan , Su Changjun , Wang Zan , Tang Xiangdong , Lv Yunhui , Li Yun , Sun Shuchen , Huang Junying , Hao Lijuan , Wei Xuan , Deng Liying , Huang Yu-Shu , Zhang Jihui , Wing Yun-Kwok , Zhang Jun , Mignot Emmanuel , Han Fang , Yu Hongjie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractStudy ObjectivesIncreased incidence of narcolepsy was reported in children during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic following Pandemrix, a H1N1 flu vaccine. A link with A(H1N1) pdm09 infections remains controversial. Using nationwide surveillance data from China (1990 to 2017), the epidemiology of narcolepsy was analyzed.MethodsIndividual records of narcolepsy patients were collected from 15 of 42 hospitals across China known to diagnose cases. Incidence was estimated assuming the representativeness of these hospitals. Age-specific incidence, epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients were evaluated before, during, and after the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. Sensitivity analyses were conducted by including NT1 cases only and excluding the effect of the 2009 H1N1 vaccination.ResultsAverage annual incidence was 0.79 per 100 000 person-years (PY) from 1990 to 2017 and 1.08 per 100 000 PY from 2003 to 2017. Incidence increased 4.17 (95% CI 4.12, 4.22) and 1.42 (95% CI 1.41, 1.44) fold during and after the 2009 H1N1 pandemic when compared to baseline. These results were robust in sensitivity analyses. Patients with the onset of narcolepsy during the pandemic period were younger (notably in 5–9-year-old strata), and the age shift toward younger children reversed to baseline following the pandemic.ConclusionsIncreased incidence of narcolepsy was observed during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic period. This is likely to be associated with the circulation of the wild type A(H1N1)pdm09 virus. This observation should be considered for future influenza pandemic preparedness plans.