bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
50 Jahre Unterrichtswissenschaft – Themen der Forschung über das Lehren und Lernen im Wandel
Authors: Kubsch Marcus , Neumann Knut , Rochnia Michael , Gräsel Cornelia 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungSeit 50 Jahren fokussiert die Zeitschrift Unterrichtswissenschaft auf die Erforschung von Fragen rund um das Lehren und Lernen, insbesondere in institutionalisierten Settings und im deutschsprachigen Raum. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick darüber, welche Themen die Zeitschrift in den letzten 50 Jahren behandelt hat und wie sich die Themen im Verlauf der Entwicklung verändern. Es stellt sich die Frage, mit welchen Methoden man die historische Themenentwicklung erfasst. Eine Möglichkeit wäre, erfahrene Expert*innen zu befragen, die die Entwicklung nicht nur lange verfolgt, sondern auch mitgestaltet haben. Die persönliche Expertise würde aber Gedächtnisverzerrungen und individuelle Bewertungen implizieren. Deshalb wurde im vorliegenden Beitrag auf das Verfahren der Computational Grounded Theory zurückgegriffen. Computational Grounded Theory basiert auf der Methode der Grounded Theory und nutzt KI-gestützte Verfahren, wie z. B. Natural Language Processing, um die subjektiven Teile des Interpretationsprozesses zu dokumentieren. Konkret wurde topic modeling genutzt, um aus den Abstracts sämtlicher in der 50-jährigen Geschichte der Unterrichtswissenschaft erschienenen Beiträge Themen zu destillieren. Die identifizierten Themen wurden durch die Autor*innen mit den ihnen zugeordneten Beiträgen abgeglichen und gegebenenfalls adaptiert, bevor anschließend die (relative) Bedeutung der Themen im Verlauf der Geschichte untersucht wurde. Die Ergebnisse werden auch in Bezug zur Entwicklung der Lehr-Lernforschung der letzten 50 Jahre interpretiert.
High-impact weather in Italy: a workshop to exchange the experience of weather forecasters and researchers
Authors: Miglietta Mario Marcello , Turato Barbara , Salvati Marta Rosa , Grazzini Federico , Marsigli Chiara , Alberoni Pier Paolo , Capecchi Valerio , Pucillo Arturo , Sudati Francesco , Cassola Federico , Iengo Antonio , Cacciamani Carlo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A workshop on high-impact meteorological events in Italy was jointly organized by the newly formed Italia Meteo Agency (AIM) and the Italian Association of Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology (AISAM) on September 27, 2022. The aim of the workshop was to promote the sharing of the experiences that all operational and research meteorological centers in Italy have gained on specific types of high-impact events, favoring the establishment of a common know-how of Italian operational meteorology.
The effect of a plasma next-generation sequencing test on antimicrobial management in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients—A single-center retrospective study
Authors: Francisco Denise Marie A. , Woc-Colburn Laila , Carlson Travis J. , Lasco Todd , Barrett Miriam , Al Mohajer Mayar 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective:
To describe the use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and to determine whether NGS leads to changes in antimicrobial management.

Design and setting:
This retrospective cohort study included patients aged ≥18 years admitted to a single tertiary-care center in Houston, Texas, with an NGS test performed between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2018.

Patients:
In total, 167 NGS tests were performed. Most patients were of non-Hispanic ethnicity (n = 129), white (n = 106), and male (n = 116), with a mean age of 52 years (SD, 16). Moreover, 61 patients were immunocompromised: solid-organ transplant (n = 30), patients with human immunodeficiency virus (n = 14), and rheumatology patients on immunosuppressive therapy (n = 12).

Results:
Of the 167 NGS tests performed, 118 (71%) were positive. Test results associated with a change in antimicrobial management were found in 120 (72%) of 167 cases, with an average of 0.32 (SD, 1.57) fewer antimicrobials after the test. The largest change in antimicrobial management was in glycopeptide use (36 discontinuations) followed by antimycobacterial drug use (27 additions among 8 patients). Also, 49 patients had negative NGS results, but only 36 patients had their antibiotics discontinued.

Conclusions:
Plasma NGS testing is associated with a change in antimicrobial management in most cases. We observed a decrease in glycopeptide use after NGS results, which highlights physicians’ comfort in withdrawing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) coverage. In addition, antimycobacterial coverage increased, corresponding with early mycobacterial detection by NGS. Further studies are needed to determine effective ways to use NGS testing as an antimicrobial stewardship tool.
The role of organizational language in gaining legitimacy from the perspective of new institutional theory
Authors: Coşkun Recai , Arslan Salih 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis research addresses the role of organizational language in the establishment of legitimacy from the perspective of New Institutional Theory. Several conceptual and methodical contributions have been made. First, by pairing cultural-cognitive legitimacy with phenomenological institutionalism and socio-political legitimacy with social organizational institutionalism, we have proposed a new way of classifying legitimacy. Second, we made connections between language strategies of organizations and cultural-cognitive and socio-political legitimacy. Finally, by re-categorizing language strategies aimed at legitimacy, we have provided a framework that is applicable in studying the relationship between different language strategies and legitimacy. Using this framework, we conducted an empirical study in which we analyzed the press releases of five major Turkish business groups. It was found that their language strategies were generally similar and mostly aimed at socio-political legitimacy.
Poisoned Babies, Shot Fathers, and Ruined Experiments: Experimental Evidence in Favor of the Compositionality Constraint of Actual Causation
Authors: Bauer Alexander Max , Kornmesser Stephan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLivengood and Sytsma (2020) challenge thecompositionality constraint of actual causation(CCAC), according to which each intermediary of a causal chain is an effect of its predecessor and a cause of its successor link. In several studies, they find support for their hypothesis that the CCAC is not in accordance with the ordinary causal attributions of laypeople. We argue that there are three interrelated problems in their studies’ design that we call thecausality-responsibility confusion(CRC), theintermediary-ontology confusion(IOC), and thecause-end questioning(CEQ). Avoiding the CRC, the IOC, and the CEQ leads to strong empirical support for the CCAC.
Multiscale Modeling in Neuroethology: The Significance of the Mesoscale
Authors: Bursten Julia R. S. , Dhein Kelle 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRecent accounts of multiscale modeling investigate ontic and epistemic constraints imposed by relations between component models at varying relative scales (macro, meso, micro). These accounts often focus especially on the role of the meso, or intermediate, relative scale in a multiscale model. We aid this effort by highlighting a novel role for mesoscale models: functioning as a focal point, and explanation, for disagreement between researchers who otherwise share theoretical commitments. We present a case study in multiscale modeling of insect behavior to illustrate, arguing that the cognitive map debate in neuroethology research is best understood as a mesoscale disagreement.
Are Dynamic Shifts Dynamical Symmetries?
Authors: Jacobs Caspar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractShifts are a well-known feature of the literature on spacetime symmetries. Recently, discussions have focused on so-called dynamic shifts, which by analogy with static and kinematic shifts enact arbitrary linear accelerations of all matter (as well as a change in the gravitational potential). But in mathematical formulations of these shifts, the analogy breaks down: while static and kinematic shift act on the matter field, the dynamic shift acts on spacetime structure instead. I formulate a different, “active,” version of the dynamic shift which does act on matter, and analyse the consequences of this reformulation for Newton–Cartan theory and Maxwell gravitation.
Absolutely Zero Evidence
Authors: Vieland Veronica J. , Seok Sang-Cheol 
Published: February 2023

AbstractStatistical analysis is often used to evaluate the strength of evidence for or against scientific hypotheses. Here we consider evidence measurement from the point of view of representational measurement theory, focusing in particular on the 0-points of measurement scales. We argue that a properly calibrated evidence measure will need to count up from absolute 0, in a sense to be defined, and that this 0-point is likely to be something other than what one might have expected. This suggests the need for a new theory of statistical evidence in the context of which calibrated evidence measurement becomes tractable.
Episodic Memory and Unrestricted Learning
Authors: Brown Simon Alexander Burns 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOur thinking often uses rich memories of particular past events. Yet frequently we would do better to use other forms of memory. I show that existing accounts of the function of episodic memory cannot account for such cases, then develop an account which can. Roughly: rich representations of particular past events are required for Unrestricted Learning, learning which is not limited in how much of the world’s complexity it can capture; and episodic memory’s selection for Unrestricted Learning could explain its ubiquitous (and often inappropriate) use for other tasks. This proposal suggests many avenues for further empirical and computational research.
A Dialogue among Recent Views of Entity Realism
Authors: Khalili Mahdi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper concerns the recent revival of entity realism. Having been started with the work of Ian Hacking, Nancy Cartwright, and Ronald Giere, the project of entity realism has recently been developed by Matthias Egg, Markus Eronen, and Bence Nanay. The paper opens a dialogue among these recent views on entity realism and integrates them into a more advanced view. The result is an epistemological criterion for reality: the property-tokens of a certain type may be taken as real insofar as only they can be materially inferred from the evidence obtained in a variety of independent ways of detection.
Naturalness and the Forward-Looking Justification of Scientific Principles
Authors: Fischer Enno 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIt has been suggested that particle physics has reached the “dawn of the post-naturalness era.” I explain the current shift in particle physicists’ attitude toward naturalness. I argue that the naturalness principle was perceived to be supported by theories it has inspired. The potential coherence between major beyond the standard model (BSM) proposals and the naturalness principle led to an increasing degree of credibility of the principle among particle physicists. The absence of new physics at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has undermined the potential coherence and has led to the principle’s loss of significance.
Theistic expansive naturalism: which God?
Authors: Eastwood Jessica 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article looks at the question of whether and how there can be a theistic expansive naturalism. In light of Fiona Ellis's work, I will identify a crucial issue for this research programme moving forward, namely, the question of ‘which God?’. Ellis seeks to develop a metaphysical framework that offers a rationale for incorporating theism into naturalism, and the acceptance of God comes through a reflection on our relation to value. Offering a sympathetic interpretation of her position, the article will suggest that Ellis's conception of God has been significantly modified in her more recent writings, moving from a rather ‘thick’ conception of God to more a modest account. I will suggest a move toward a ‘less thick’ position is preferable.
God's Brigands: People, Party, and Sect in Flavius Josephus'sBellum Judaicum
Authors: Orwin Clifford 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRenowned as a historian, Flavius Josephus enjoys little reputation as a political thinker. As heir to the classical historical tradition of Thucydides, however, considerations of the regime remained primary for him. All the more so given his most important task not inherited from them: the defense of the Jewish law and people against their pagan detractors. Josephus defended the law as having specified the best political regime (which he called “theocracy” but by which he meant a rigorous natural aristocracy). He defended the people as faithful to that law and as innocent of the terrible excesses of the great uprising of 66 CE. In so doing he was compelled to confront a phenomenon unknown to his classical predecessors: a politics not of class divisions but of sectarian ones. His response to it uncannily anticipated features of the modern (post-Machiavellian) reinterpretation of politics in terms of “peoples” and “elites.”
Exploring Social Entrepreneurship Co-Production Processes in the Disability Sector: Individual and Collection Action Views
Authors: Shang Liang , Chandra Yanto 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFrom a humble experiment to tackle social problems, social enterprises (SEs) have transformed into key co-producers for a wide range of social services. However, despite an increasing interest in co-production, most SE studies in the field adopted a single-sided view of co-production, thereby limiting what co-production entails and how it works in SE. Drawing upon the New Public Governance (NPG) framework and an integrative view of co-production that embraces individual and collective action, we explored how the co-production process is enacted and designed from a service provider’s perspective and presented qualitative insights from eight SEs in providing work-integration services for people with disabilities. Our findings revealed strategic, operational and identity dimensions of co-production in SE. We also showed the different roles that SEs and their stakeholders play in co-production and how these affect the processes. We offer a new contribution to SE co-production literature by highlighting a multi-dimensional co-production process model of SEs in their quest to deliver social services.
The evolutionary roots of goal-directed mechanisms: A communication account
Authors: Badets Arnaud 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Unleashed expressions for cooperation are mainly based on the expected perceptual effects of behaviours and not the behaviours themselves. From an evolutionary viewpoint, this goal-directed mechanism allows for a comprehensive story for the theory proposed by Heintz & Scott-Phillips. Over the past 2 million years, this situated mechanism has been reused for tool use and the language development for hominids.
The co-evolution of cooperation and communication: Alternative accounts
Authors: Mussavifard Nima , Csibra Gergely 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We challenge the proposal that partner-choice ecology explains the evolutionary emergence of ostensive communication in humans. The good fit between these domains might be because of the opposite relation (ostensive communication promotes the evolution of cooperation) or because of the dependence of both these human-specific traits on a more ancient contributor to human cognitive evolution: the use of technology.
Structuring unleashed expression: Developmental foundations of human communication
Authors: Rorot Wiktor , Skowrońska Katarzyna , Nagórska Ewa , Zieliński Konrad , Zubek Julian , Rączaszek-Leonardi Joanna 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The target article highlights the sources of open-endedness of human communication. However, the authors' perspective does not account for the structure of particular communication systems. To this end, we extend the authors' perspective, in the spirit of evolutionary extended synthesis, with a detailed account of the sources of constraints imposed upon expression in the course of child development.
Being ostensive (reply to commentaries on “Expression unleashed”)
Authors: Heintz Christophe , Scott-Phillips Thom 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOne of our main goals with “Expression unleashed” was to highlight the distinctive, ostensive nature of human communication, and the many roles that ostension can play in human behavior and society. The commentaries we received forced us to be more precise about several aspects of this thesis. At the same time, no commentary challenged the central idea that the manifest diversity of human expression is underpinned by a common cognitive unity. Our reply is organized around six issues: (1) languages and their cultural evolution; (2) the pervasiveness of expression in human behavior; (3) artificial intelligence and ostensive communication; (4) communication in other animals; (5) the ecology and evolution of ostensive communication; and (6) biolinguistics and pragmatics.
Ethical Implications in Making Use of Human Cerebral Organoids for Investigating Stress—Related Mechanisms and Disorders
Authors: Bassil Katherine , Horstkötter Dorothee 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe generation of three-dimensional cerebral organoids from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) has facilitated the investigation of mechanisms underlying several neuropsychiatric disorders, including stress-related disorders, namely major depressive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. Generating hPSC-derived neurons, cerebral organoids, and even assembloids (or multi-organoid complexes) can facilitate research into biomarkers for stress susceptibility or resilience and may even bring about advances in personalized medicine and biomarker research for stress-related psychiatric disorders. Nevertheless, cerebral organoid research does not come without its own set of ethical considerations. With increased complexity and resemblance to in vivo conditions, discussions of increased moral status for these models are ongoing, including questions about sentience, consciousness, moral status, donor protection, and chimeras. There are, however, unique ethical considerations that arise and are worth looking into in the context of research into stress and stress-related disorders using cerebral organoids. This paper provides stress research-specific ethical considerations in the context of cerebral organoid generation and use for research purposes. The use of stress research as a case study here can help inform other practices of in vitro studies using brain models with high ethical considerations.
Relationship of Public Interest in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation with Cardiac Arrest Epidemiology and National Socioeconomic Indicators: Exploratory Infodemiology Study
Authors: Birkun Alexei A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractStudy Objective:Web-based big data analytics provides a great opportunity to measure public interest in cardiac arrest (CA) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This study aimed to examine associations of online interest in CPR and CA with epidemiological characteristics of out-of-hospital CA (OHCA) and national socioeconomic indicators in a set of European countries.Methods:Country-level online search popularity data for CPR and CA topics measured in relative search volume (RSV) with Google Trends (GT), published OHCA epidemiological indicators, and World Bank’s socioeconomic statistics of 28 European countries for the year 2017 were analyzed for correlation using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (rS).Results:Whereas OHCA incidence, bystander CPR rate, and hospital survival did not correlate with RSV for CPR or CA, the rate of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) demonstrated a positive correlation with RSV for CPR (rS = 0.388; P = .042). Further, RSV for CPR positively correlated with countries’ gross domestic product and health expenditure (rS = 0.939 and 0.566; P ≤.002) and negatively correlated with mortality caused by road traffic injury (rS = –0.412; P = .029).Conclusion:For the sample of European countries, public interest in CPR or CA showed no relationship with real bystander CPR rates and therefore could not be recommended as a proxy of community readiness to attempt resuscitation. The association of RSV for CPR with the rate of ROSC and countries’ socioeconomic characteristics suggests it could be used for identifying geographies with poor performance of prehospital systems in terms of managing CA, in particular where effective epidemiological surveillance for CA may be unavailable.
Causality‐Based Deep Learning Forecast of the Kuroshio Volume Transport in the East China Sea
Authors: Qian Junkai , Wang Qiang , Wu Yanling , Zhu Xiao‐Hua , Shi Yong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Kuroshio volume transport (KVT) in the East China Sea has enormous impacts on navigation, circulation structure, ecological environment, and local climate. In this study, we aim to forecast the daily variability of the KVT at three different sections using the deep learning method. We train the deep learning model using data from 1982 to 2008 and validate the model with data of 2009–2010 and subsequently test it with data of 2011–2015. Four deep learning models, including Artificial Neural Network, Temporal Convolutional Network, Gated Recurrent Unit, and Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM) models, are first tested to choose the best prediction model. As a result, the LSTM has the best performance for the KVT prediction at each section. We then employ a multivariate causal analysis method to identify the factors affecting the KVT at the current section, such as upstream and downstream KVT, regional mean wind stress, sea surface height and temperature and combine this method with the LSTM model to construct an information flow causality‐based LSTM (IFC‐LSTM) model for predicting daily KVT variability. The results indicate that IFC‐LSTM has the highest forecast skill compared to the standard LSTM (only input KVT at the current section into the LSTM), ALL‐LSTM (input all nine variables into the LSTM), multiple linear regression, and persistence model, which can forecast the KVT variability from 23 to 27 days in advance at the three sections with relative improvement rates of 12.5%–50%.