bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pilot study protocol of a randomized controlled trial for the potential effects of creatine monohydrate on persistent post-concussive symptoms
Authors: Bødker Ronni Lykke , Marcussen Michael 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundMild traumatic brain injury or concussion is a global public concern, with an estimated annual incidence between 48 million and 96 million worldwide. It is a socioeconomical problem, and almost one-third of individuals with concussion suffer from severe persistent post-concussive symptoms (PPCS), with an increased risk of unemployment or terminating their studies. To date, no single treatment is available with guaranteed success. Creatine monohydrate (CrM) has shown potential as a treatment for post-concussive symptoms, having a positive impact on cognitive function, chronic fatigue, depression, and anxiety. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of CrM on PPCS assessed using the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ).MethodsThe study is designed as a double-blinded randomised controlled trial. Study participants are found through neurological outpatient clinics in Denmark or through social media. They will be between 25 and 35 years of age, will have suffered from PPCS for 6–12 months prior to inclusion, and will have no comorbidities. The participants will be randomly allocated to either an intervention group (INT), placebo group (PLA), or control group (CG). Baseline data will be collected immediately after inclusion, and the study period will be 7 weeks. Follow-up data will be collected 1 week after the end of the study period. The primary outcome of the study is changes in RPQ score. Changes in weight and training status will be adjusted for as potential confounders.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol is approved by the National Committee on Health Research (97508) and by the Danish Data Protection Agency 11.651. The investigators intend to submit their study findings for publication in peer-reviewed journals and disseminate the findings via presentation at academic meetings/conferences.Clinical Trial registration: NCT05562232, registered September 30, 2022.
Economic evaluation of bailing capsules for patients with diabetic nephropathy in China
Authors: He Yumei , Li Wei , Zhu He , Han Sheng 
Published: July 2023

Background: Diabetic nephropathy is a major microvascular complication and the main cause of end-stage renal disease in diabetic patients. The therapeutic effects of Bailing capsules for diabetic nephropathy have already been demonstrated; however, the cost-effectiveness of Bailing capsules remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Bailing capsules combined with Western medicine compared with Western medicine alone in diabetic nephropathy from a Chinese healthcare system perspective.Methods: A Markov model was established to simulate the disease process of patients over a 20-year period. Clinical efficacy data were obtained from a meta-analysis, and transition probability was estimated based on microsimulation. Direct costs and utility values were collected from the Chinese Drug Bidding Database (https://www.shuju.menet.com.cn) and published literature. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was measured, and one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to observe model stability.Results: A total of 34 randomized controlled trials involving 3,444 patients with diabetic nephropathy were selected for the meta-analysis. Compared to Western medicine alone, the addition of Bailing capsules resulted in an increase of 0.39 quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and additional costs of Chinese Yuan (CNY) 24,721, yielding an ICER of CNY 63,001 per QALY gained. The ICER was lower than the threshold of willingness-to-pay of CNY 80,976 (The GDP per Capita in China). The reliability and stability of the results were confirmed by the sensitivity analysis.Conclusion: We found that Bailing capsules may be a cost-effective treatment choice for patients with diabetic nephropathy in the Chinese population.
Random regression for modeling soybean plant response to irrigation changes using time-series multispectral data
Authors: Sakurai Kengo , Toda Yusuke , Hamazaki Kosuke , Ohmori Yoshihiro , Yamasaki Yuji , Takahashi Hirokazu , Takanashi Hideki , Tsuda Mai , Tsujimoto Hisashi , Kaga Akito , Nakazono Mikio , Fujiwara Toru , Iwata Hiroyoshi 
Published: July 2023

Plant response to drought is an important yield-related trait under abiotic stress, but the method for measuring and modeling plant responses in a time series has not been fully established. The objective of this study was to develop a method to measure and model plant response to irrigation changes using time-series multispectral (MS) data. We evaluated 178 soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) accessions under three irrigation treatments at the Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Japan in 2019, 2020 and 2021. The irrigation treatments included W5: watering for 5 d followed by no watering 5 d, W10: watering for 10 d followed by no watering 10 d, D10: no watering for 10 d followed by watering 10 d, and D: no watering. To capture the plant responses to irrigation changes, time-series MS data were collected by unmanned aerial vehicle during the irrigation/non-irrigation switch of each irrigation treatment. We built a random regression model (RRM) for each of combination of treatment by year using the time-series MS data. To test the accuracy of the information captured by RRM, we evaluated the coefficient of variation (CV) of fresh shoot weight of all accessions under a total of nine different drought conditions as an indicator of plant’s stability under drought stresses. We built a genomic prediction model (MTRRM model) using the genetic random regression coefficients of RRM as secondary traits and evaluated the accuracy of each model for predicting CV. In 2020 and 2021,the mean prediction accuracies of MTRRM models built in the changing irrigation treatments (r = 0.44 and 0.49, respectively) were higher than that in the continuous drought treatment (r = 0.34 and 0.44, respectively) in the same year. When the CV was predicted using the MTRRM model across 2020 and 2021 in the changing irrigation treatment, the mean prediction accuracy (r = 0.46) was 42% higher than that of the simple genomic prediction model (r =0.32). The results suggest that this RRM method using the time-series MS data can effectively capture the genetic variation of plant response to drought.
Is playing violent video games a risk factor for aggressive behaviour? Adding narcissism, self-esteem and PEGI ratings to the debate
Authors: Olejarnik Szymon Zbigniew , Romano Daniela 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionAggressive behaviour is a challenge for society. There continues to be considerable debate over whether the consumption of violent video games affects aggression, as violent video game content has become more accessible in recent years due to the growing use of online distribution platforms. Personality traits often linked to aggression, such as narcissism and self-esteem, have been considered in the context of violent video game play and their relationship with aggression.MethodsWe surveyed an international population of 166 game players on their personality traits and their three favourite video game choices, which were classified as violent or non-violent, using Pan European Game Information (PEGI) 16 and 18 ratings.ResultsWe found that violent video game choice is a predictor of verbal aggression alongside narcissism, and hostility alongside self-esteem. A categorical regression highlighted the desire to impersonate society’s undesirable role models (e.g., ‘be a thief or a killer’) as one of the motivations for aggression and violent video game choice.DiscussionThese findings show that video game violence should be considered a risk factor for aggression, as in other violent media, as it provides a social reinforcement of aggressive behaviour and observational learning of aggressive models, calling for the introduction of stricter online age verification procedures on online game platforms to safeguard children from violent video game content; and increased use of parental controls on content fruition. More granularity should be considered in the PEGI classifications.
The effect of physical and psychological stress on the oral microbiome
Authors: Stoy Savanna , McMillan Alexandra , Ericsson Aaron C. , Brooks Amanda E. 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundThe oral microbiome is incredibly complex, containing a diverse complement of microbiota that has previously been categorized into 6 broad phyla. While techniques such as next-generation sequencing have contributed to a better understanding of the composition of the oral microbiome, the role it plays in human health and disease is still under investigation. Previous studies have identified that a more diverse microbiome is advantageous for health. Therefore, alterations to the physical or mental health that are of interest in this study, such as stress, are the factors that decrease microbial diversity, leading to the potential for dysbiosis and disease disposition. Intensive Surgical Skills Week (ISSW) is a hyper-realistic simulation training week for military medical students that takes place at the Strategic Operations (STOPS) facility in San Diego, CA. This training week puts students through mass causality simulations and requires them to work through distinct roles within the healthcare team, providing an almost ideal environment to assess the impact of acute stress on oral microbiome diversity. Based on the literature on stress and microbiota, we hypothesized that the high stress simulation events at ISSW will impact the composition and diversity of the oral microbiome.MethodsTo investigate this hypothesis, thirty-seven (n = 37) second-or third-year medical students who are enlisted in a branch of the military and who attended ISSW in July of 2021 were included in the study. Student participants were divided into 7 teams to complete the hyper-realistic simulations (SIMs) at ISSW. A pilot of sixty-four buccal samples (n = 64) from three of the seven teams were sent for analysis at the University of Missouri Metagenomic Center.ResultsWe saw an overall increase in species richness at the end of ISSW when looking at all samples (n = 64). Fourteen significantly different bacteria were identified from the beginning to the end of data collection. Additionally, third year medical students appear to have a greater species richness compared to second year medical students. Further, third year medical students had a statically significant difference in their oral microbiome richness from beginning to end of data collection (p = 0.008).ConclusionOur preliminary data indicates that physical and psychological stress can impact the composition of the oral microbiome. The analyses in this study show that using the oral microbiome as an indicator of stress is promising and may provide evidence to support stress management practices.
Associations between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and allergic diseases: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhang Xiangyu , Zhang Runlong , Zhang Yuanfeng , Lu Tao 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundIn some observational studies, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder has been linked to allergic diseases, but the findings are debatable. This study aimed to determine whether attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is causally related to allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, pollen allergy, allergic urticaria, and allergic conjunctivitis using the two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) approach.MethodsWe did a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study, which chose single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are highly associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) levels from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) on 20,183 cases and 35,191 controls as our instruments. Outcomes datasets included genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis (n = 1,415,804). The summary statistics of outcome data were obtained from the FinnGen datasets including allergic asthma (10,877 cases and 180,942 controls), allergic rhinitis (8,430 cases and 298,829 controls), pollen allergy (4555cases and 301,734 controls), allergic urticaria (1792 cases and 299,491 controls) and allergic conjunctivitis (15,567 cases and 293,587 controls). Inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger, weighted median, were used to estimate the causal association between ADHD and allergic diseases. Cochran’s Q test was used to quantify the heterogeneity of instrumental variables. MR-Egger intercept test, leave-one-out analysis, and the funnel plot were all used in sensitivity analyses.ResultsThe Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis indicated that ADHD in inverse variance weighted [odds ratio (OR) = 1.0612; 95% confidence interval (CI):1.0192–1.1049; p = 0.0039] lightly increased the risk of allergic asthma. In MR sensitivity analyses of the weighted median, a similar association was found. But no evidence for an effect of ADHD on allergic asthma risk was found in additional methods: MR-Egger (OR = 0.9592, 95% CI: 0.8384–1.0974, p = 0.5457), and weighted median (OR: =1.0341, 95% CI: 0.9785–1.0929, p = 0.2330). Also, no strong evidence for an effect of ADHD on other allergic diseases (allergic rhinitis, pollen allergy, allergic urticaria, and allergic conjunctivitis) incidence was found using the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, weighted median method, and MR-Egger regression.ConclusionAlthough several studies have found a link between ADHD and allergic diseases, our findings do not support that ADHD could increase allergic diseases incidence. Randomized controlled trials or Mendelian randomization studies with larger samples are still needed to draw more precise conclusions.
Can the evaluation of marker placement confidence be used as an indicator of gait kinematic variability?
Authors: Fonseca Mickael , Gasparutto Xavier , Lena Carcreff , Grouvel Gautier , Bonnefoy-Mazure Alice , Dumas Raphaël , Armand Stéphane 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionThree-dimensional gait analysis is widely used for the clinical assessment of movement disorders. However, measurement error reduces the reliability of kinematic data and consequently assessment of gait deviations. The identification of high variability is associated with low reliability and those parameters should be ignored or excluded from gait data interpretation. Moreover, marker placement error has been demonstrated to be the biggest source of variability in gait analysis and may be affected by factors intrinsic to the evaluators such as the evaluator's expertise which could be appraised through his/her experience and confidence in marker placement.ObjectivesIn the present study, we hypothesized that confidence in marker placement is correlated with kinematic variability and could potentially be used as part of a score of reliability. Therefore, we have proposed a questionnaire to evaluate qualitatively the confidence of evaluators in lower-limb marker placement. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the presented questionnaire. The secondary objective was to test a possible relationship between marker placement confidence and kinematics variability.MethodsTo do so, test-retest gait data were acquired from two different experimental protocols. One protocol included data from a cohort of 32 pathological and 24 asymptomatic subjects where gait analysis was repeated three times, involving two evaluators. A second protocol included data from a cohort of 8 asymptomatic adults with gait analysis repeated 12 times, per participant, and involving four evaluators with a wider range of experience.ResultsResults demonstrated that the questionnaire proposed is valid and reliable to evaluate qualitatively the confidence of evaluators in placing markers. Indeed, confidence scores were correlated with the actual variability of marker placement and revealed the evaluator's experience and the subjects' characteristics. However, no correlation was observed between confidence scores and kinematic variability and the formulated hypothesis was not supported.
Portrayal of oral hygiene and risk behaviours in animated movies
Authors: Kitsaras George , Goodwin Michaela 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundBehaviours depicted in movies and TV shows can significantly affect one's behaviour. Children are particularly susceptible to these effects as their habits are still forming. Oral hygiene behaviours play a crucial role in preventing or slowing down the progression of dental diseases, which are among the most common yet preventable diseases in the world. Therefore, it is important to understand if popular movies include oral hygiene behaviours or risk-related behaviours, which can in effect influence children's behaviour.AimThe aim of this study is to review the top grossing animated movies of all time to record and collect on screen portrayals of oral hygiene practices and risk behaviours related to oral health.MethodologyTop 30 highest grossing animated feature films (over 40 min duration) were coded using a structured coding instrument to capture oral hygiene and risk-related behaviours related to oral health. Two coders performed coding using the standardised instrument.ResultsOverall, 93% of behaviours were coded as a risk behaviour, with 7% coded as positive oral hygiene behaviour. Within the risk behaviour category, the majority (74%) were based around the consumption of sugar with risk behaviour occurring in 23 out of 30 movies (76%), while oral hygiene practices occurred in 6 out of 30 movies (20%); one movie depicted neither oral hygiene nor oral health risk behaviours. About 53% of behaviours were purely visual, 10% verbal, and 37% a combination of verbal and visual. Anthropomorphic characters and movie settings resulted in more behaviours related to oral health, either hygiene or mainly risk behaviours, depicted.ConclusionDespite their importance in shaping habits and attitudes, animated movies portrayed a significant number of risk behaviours related to oral health with depiction of beneficial behaviours remaining limited. Consideration should be given on how to best portray behaviours that promote and enhance optimal oral hygiene behaviours to achieve and sustain better oral health for children.
Blood test result communication in primary care: mixed-methods systematic review protocol
Authors: Nankervis Helen , Huntley Alyson , Whiting Penny , Hamilton William , Singh Hardeep , Dawson Sarah , Sprackman Jane , Ferguson Montague Anna , Watson Jessica 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundAfter testing, ensuring test results are communicated and actioned is important for patient safety, with failure or delay in diagnosis the most common cause of malpractice claims in primary care worldwide. Identifying interventions to improve test communication from the decision to test through to sharing of results has important implications for patient safety, GP workload, and patient engagement.AimTo assess the factors around communication of blood test results between primary care providers (for example GPs, nurses, reception staff) and their patients and carers.Design & settingA mixed methods systematic review including primary studies involving communication of blood test results in primary care.MethodThe review will use a segregated convergent synthesis method. Qualitative information will be synthesised using a meta-aggregative approach, and quantitative data will be meta-analysed or synthesised if pooling of studies is appropriate and data are available. If not, data will be presented in tabular and descriptive summary form.ConclusionThis review has the potential to provide conclusions about blood test result communication interventions and factors important to stakeholders, including barriers and facilitators to improved communication.
Chlorophycées et matières grasses
Authors: Lesage Jules 
Published: July 2023

Les Chlorophycées, algues vertes, microscopiques, qui entrent dans la constitution de l’humus ou matière noire du sol, sont capables d’utiliser certains corps gras pour leur nutrition.
En créant ces «globules verts», qui se trouvent en abondance à la surface du globe dans tous les endroits où séjourne un peu d’humidité, la prévoyante nature paraît avoir eu en vue d’en faire, non seulement des agents épurateurs des eaux et des fixateurs de carbone dans la terre végétale, mais encore des régénérateurs en cycle fermé du phosphore organique.
Quant aux matières grasses, elles favorisent l’action dissolvante exercée par ces Chlorophycées sur les phosphates sédimentaires du sol et, par cela même, jouent un rôle dans la vie de la terre.
Les tourteaux, que l’on utilise comme engrais, agissent donc non seulement par l’azote, l’acide phosphorique et la potasse qu’ils renferment, mais aussi par les résidus gras de la fabrication de l’huile.
Ces résidus contribuent à refaire la «vieille graisse» de la terre pauvre et il est logique de penser, qu’à l’image de ce qui se passe dans un organisme animal, ces matières grasses ne reçoivent leur utilisation qu’après leur dédoublement, en présence des bases alcalines ou alcalino-terreuses, en glycérine qui devient libre et en acide gras qui se fixe sur la base pour former un savon.
MAIN DIRECTIONS OF IMPROVING THE ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC MECHANISM OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE AGRO-FOOD MARKET IN THE SIBERIAN FEDERAL DISTRICT
Authors: Bykov Aleksandr , Zadkov A. , Shapovalov D. 
Published: July 2023

The developed agri-food market is an indicator of the economic well-being of the region and guarantees the provision of the local population with products of its own production in volume and assortment, regardless of imports. Despite the fact that the Siberian Federal District is the largest producer of agricultural products and food products in Russia, significant volumes of food products are imported to its regions from other regions of the country, supplies are coming from countries near and far abroad. This indicates that local producers are not able to fully meet the domestic demand of consumers for products.
The methodological basis of the study was the scientific works of researchers in the field of the theory of the agro-food market. During the research, methods and techniques were used: abstract-logical, economic-statistical, statistical groupings, monographic.
The study made it possible to determine the trends in the production and consumption of basic agricultural products in the regions of the Siberian Federal District, as well as the volume of imports in physical and value terms. The basic principles determining the effectiveness of the organizational and economic mechanism of development and functioning of the agro-food market of the district are highlighted. Based on the results of the scientific research, the main directions of improving the organizational and economic mechanism of the functioning of the agro-food market of the Siberian Federal District are proposed, taking into account the development of interregional and interstate food relations, which are the basis for its effective functioning and providing the population with high-quality food products in the assortment produced in the region.