bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
More than the Sum of their Parts?
Authors: Coward Fiona 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Cognitive evolution is driven by network variables, including adaptive changes in group size, population density and effective population size, and the connectivity among individuals and groups. Concepts and methods developed to study networks offer enormous potential for studying cognitive evolution, providing practical analytical methods for handling the archaeological and anthropological data sets that comprise the only hard evidence for it. In addition, they also offer valuable tools for understanding key features of hominin cognition and the selective pressures driving its evolution. Accordingly, this chapter reviews the theoretical and practical bases for the application of network concepts and methods to the investigation of hominin and human cognition.
Understanding Family Policy Transformation in the Light of Critical Political Economy
Authors: Ferragina Emanuele 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The chapter aims to address the ways by which family policy transformation relates to the political economy of welfare state change and the commodification of social reproduction. The chapter is based on the fact that childcare expansion in the context of family policy transformation is considered a key element in promoting female employment, gender equality, and the conciliation of paid and unpaid work, as well as in mitigating the social reproduction crisis. The author interprets this transformation critically, arguing that family policy transformation—in conjunction with welfare state change—is part of a bidirectional movement: toward commodification (especially for lower-class women) and the liberalization of the labor market, as well as toward increasing freedom from care and domestic tasks for women (especially middle- and upper-class women). The chapter illustrates these two movements by connecting the literature on comparative social policy and on critical political economy.
Parenting Leave Policies and Their Variations
Authors: Dobrotić Ivana 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
There is striking cross-country variation in leave policy, with a lot of ambiguity and complexity in policy development and design. This chapter reveals and thinks through some of these complexities by analyzing the main trends in parenting leave policy, with particular emphasis on gender and social inequalities. The chapter starts with a literature review, focusing on studies considering the relationship between leave policy and gender and social inequalities in employment and care. It then utilizes this strand of literature to explore cross-country and intra-country variations in leave policy in OECD countries, providing a deeper insight into (1) gender orientations underlying leave policy development and their implications; (2) the heterogeneity of leave entitlements within countries (i.e., their variation on a number of dimensions, such as socioeconomic status, territory, family status, or sexual orientation); and (3) the importance of how leave policies relate to and shape broader work-care policies and norms. By pointing out some of the “mechanisms” through which policies frame inequalities in parents’ abilities to engage in care and employment, the chapter calls for further research to yield a better understanding of heterogeneities and contradictions embedded in leave policies within countries, as well as the congruence between leaves and other policies and provisions.
Welfare State Policies toward Financial Solidarity between Generations
Authors: Frericks Patricia 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The chapter aims to explore how current welfare state policies in Europe regulate financial solidarity between generations by demanding solidarity from society, on the one hand, and solidarity from family, on the other, while also examining how far the welfare regime typology contributes to the explanation of the differences. The main focus is on the regulations on resources flowing from the family and from society to the family, particularly in pension policies. The chapter introduces the findings of a comparative analysis for six European welfare states that represent different types of welfare regimes, using a new method devised by the author (“systematic comparison of qualitative data,” or SCQual). The chapter concludes that the regulation of solidarity from society and from family is very complex and follows concepts other than those applied in the widely acknowledged and further developed regime typology.
Process Tracing
Authors: Dowding Keith 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Process tracing systematizes qualitative historical description to enable inferences about token causal processes. Contrary to some claims it does not provide a rival account of causation to large-n studies rather it answers questions posed at a different level of detail. Large-n and small-n analyses pose questions at different levels of analysis. By drawing an analogy with the external and internal validity of experiments we can view many historical disputes in terms of what causal aspects are foregrounded (as a “cause”) and what backgrounded (as “background conditions”). Process tracing examines detailed processes within type-mechanistic explanation. While it can demonstrate that specific mechanisms do not apply to the case under consideration, case studies on their own cannot test theoretically generated mechanistic claims, nor empirical generalization. Debates over what constitutes critical junctures usually concern the level of appropriate explanation and what aspects in a causal account are to be foregrounded.
Governance Feminism and Distributional Analysis
Authors: Ahmed Aziza 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
An emerging genre of scholarship puts distributional analysis at the center of the study of law and critical theory. Distributional analysis refers not just to an overall cost-benefit accounting but to an analysis of where the consequences fall and along what social, economic, and cultural fault lines. In tracing the history of feminist distributional analysis in legal scholarship, the chapter begins by describing the key analytic and theoretical frames that critical legal theory has contributed to the understanding of law and distribution. The chapter then considers the way feminist, gender, and queer legal scholarship, coming out of the critical theory tradition, has taken on questions of distribution. In doing so, the chapter offers several accounts of how a distributional analysis can shape how we understand the consequences of feminist legal reform projects.
Cross-Cultural Variation in Relationship Initiation
Authors: Karandashev Victor 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Biological and cultural evolutionary perspectives complement each other to explain many processes in relationship initiation. The chapter shows how biological and social evolution interact to account for cultural variation in mate preferences and romantic relationship initiation. The influence of biological, ecological, socioeconomic, and cultural factors varies between and within types of societies. In isolated tribal, subsistence-based societies, biological and ecological factors play major roles. In traditional societies, besides these factors, socioeconomic and cultural factors play important roles. In modern societies, socioeconomic and cultural factors become dominant, with decreasing influences for biological and ecological factors. Ecological, socioeconomic, and cultural parameters, which affect practices of relationship initiation in subsistence-based, traditional, and modern societies, are propinquity, homogamy, social and relationship mobility, modernization of society, cultural values, cultural conception of individuality in interdependent versus independent societies, power distance and social equality, gender roles, and gender equality. The chapter addresses culturally evolved practices of relationship initiation, such as tribal gatherings, traditional courtship, dating, partnership, and social media and web-based communication and reviews the societal and cultural factors that affect these practices. The chapter concludes with a brief review of implications for future research on cultural variation in relationship initiation in terms of theoretical and empirical methodology.
Partner Evaluation and Selection
Authors: Li Norman P. , Choy Bryan K. C. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Not all mates are equally reproductively fit. As such, it makes sense that humans have evolved mate preferences to guide the evaluation and selection of partners who offer more versus less reproductive value. This chapter examines theory and empirical work on evolved preferences for long- and short-term mates and considers the emergence of new forms of casual, hybrid relationships. It examines basic sex-differentiated preferences for physical attractiveness and resources, as well as the prioritization of these traits, and developments in uncovering the processes that underlie the holistic valuation of a potential mate’s value. The chapter then discusses the criticisms and debates on the validity of mate preferences and research on mate preferences fluctuating adaptively with women’s menstrual cycle. Finally, the chapter closes with a consideration of principles of evolutionary mismatch, which may explain why there is a disconnect between theory and findings and why humans and other species are mating with human-made objects rather than their conspecifics.
Political Theory and Borges’s Work
Authors: Salinas Alejandra M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Many of Borges’s stories, essays, and poems find inspiration in the fields of ideas, institutions, and events dealing with the organization and governing of society. Some philosophical questions will be used here as a lens to interpret Borges’s literary treatment of the political: what should a good political order be, and how is it preserved? What may be desirable political standards or ideals? Are they valid universally? The texts being analyzed show a particular concern with free political orders and the threats and challenges they undergo. This chapter also touches on Borges’s approach to the wars of conquest, revolution, the spirit of patriotism, and the spread of nationalism and populism.
Integration versus Minimization of Emotional Experiences
Authors: Roth Guy , Benita Moti 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Much of the research on emotion regulation describes the regulation of emotions as turning a volume button up or down, thus focusing on changes in intensity. Because strong negative emotions can disrupt functioning, many approaches to healthy emotion regulation focus on diminishing negative experiences. However, grounded in an organismic view of wellness, self-determination theory (SDT) views adaptive emotion regulation as represented by integrated and harmonious functioning. In this perspective, emotions are not obstacles that stand in the way of adaptive functioning but informational inputs that can help in the choice and self-guidance of actions. The chapter begins with SDT’s definition of integrative emotion regulation (IER), compares it to controlled and amotivated regulation, and notes the differences between SDT’s approach and other dominant approaches. It reviews research on consequences of IER, as well as research on its socialization. The chapter concludes with a discussion of future research directions.
The Energy behind Human Flourishing
Authors: Frederick Christina , Ryan Richard M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter reviews the history of theory and research on subjective vitality within self-determination theory (SDT). Research on subjective vitality, defined as the phenomenal experience of aliveness and of having energy available to the self, has demonstrated the centrality of this experience of energy to wellness and flourishing. Research has shown that subjective vitality varies not only with physical conditions but also with different types and conditions of motivation. Generally, more autonomous motives are associated with enhanced vitality, whereas controlled motives diminish subjective energy. Findings also show that satisfaction of basic psychological needs enhances subjective vitality, whereas need frustrations deplete one’s sense of energy and aliveness. Experimental work on “ego depletion,” in which self-controlling motives are induced, leading to lowered energy, is consistent with this SDT-based theorizing. Subjective vitality has been studied in many domains, beginning with exercise and physical activity and extending to areas such as health and wellness, sleep, energy in the workplace, and the importance of nature to the experience of vitality. Across contexts and characters, subjective vitality remains one of the most phenomenally accessible and predictive indicators of wellness available.
The Role of Motivation in the Lifecycle of Personal Goals
Authors: Holding Anne C. , Koestner Richard 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Personal goals are central to the attainment of well-being because they organize people’s lives and help them to realize visions for their future. However, not every goal is accomplished, and not every accomplished goal translates into greater well-being. This chapter provides a critical review and synthesis of the self-determination theory research on personal goal striving, highlighting how motivation for personal goals has important implications for outcomes related to the goal (e.g., performance, persistence) and the person (e.g., vitality, well-being). To do so the chapter examines the lifecycle of personal goals, arguing that across each phase in goal striving—from the early stage of goal setting to the possibility of goal disengagement—issues of autonomous versus controlled motivation are pivotal. Also discussed is the role of personality (nature) and other people (nurture) in goal pursuit, suggesting that the fate of our goals is partly determined by who we are and by who we surround ourselves with.
A Lifespan Perspective on the Importance of the Basic Psychological Needs for Psychosocial Development
Authors: Soenens Bart , Vansteenkiste Maarten 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
According to self-determination theory (SDT), people have a natural propensity to develop toward higher levels of psychosocial maturity. This growth tendency requires ongoing support for the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Using Erikson’s theory as an organizing framework, this chapter provides an overview of SDT-based developmental research on the role of psychological need satisfaction in psychosocial adjustment across the lifespan. This research increasingly shows that psychological need satisfaction contributes to age-specific and cumulative psychosocial strengths in every stage of human life. Although support for the basic psychological needs (e.g., by attachment figures) is crucial throughout the lifespan, the specific manifestations of contextual need support differ somewhat depending on individuals’ developmental stage. Moreover, as they age, people increasingly contribute in proactive ways to their own need-based experiences. Ultimately, satisfaction of the basic psychological needs and contextual need support represent essential resources for people to tackle developmental challenges and to experience psychosocial growth.
Self-Determination Theory and the Education of Learners with Disabilities
Authors: Wehmeyer Michael L. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The development of interventions to promote the self-determined learning of students with disabilities has its roots in understandings of causal agency, intrinsic motivation, and autonomous functioning described in early research in self-determination theory (SDT) and in applications of SDT in the context of positive psychology and education. In the early 1990s, the field of special education recognized that students themselves were the missing actors in efforts to improve post-school and life outcomes. As the field moved toward strengths-based approaches to disability after the turn of the 21st century, research in SDT, positive psychology, and positive education, including work on the application of SDT to educational settings, was critical in efforts in special education to enhance self-determined learning. This chapter overviews this progression, describes a model of the development of self-determination derived from SDT and causal agency theory, and overviews an intervention, the Self-Determined Learning Model of Instruction, that has strong evidence of efficacy and potential to contribute to enhancing self-determined learning for all students, with and without disabilities.
Self-Determination Theory and Technology Design
Authors: Peters Dorian , Calvo Rafael A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter reviews the breadth of work applying self-determination theory (SDT) to digital technology with a focus on how it informs design. SDT is especially well-suited and actionable within the technology design context. The chapter reviews advancements within specific domains, highlighting fields that have been productive with respect to SDT in technology, including games, health, and education. It then shifts to work that applies SDT to user experience and technology design across domains, including the METUX model, and it describes efforts to provide practitioners with SDT-based tools that bridge academic theory to design practice. The chapter concludes by identifying gaps and opportunities for future work. The aim is to pull together the disparate work across domains that has constituted SDT for technology research and provide a coherent foundation for building on this work synergistically into the future.
The Social Conditions for Human Flourishing
Authors: Ryan Richard M. , DeHaan Cody R. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this chapter we review recent conceptualizations and research regarding the impact of political and economic systems on people’s thriving through their effects on basic needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Self-determination theory (SDT) particularly stresses how thriving requires both access to resources (e.g., education, healthcare) and freedoms (e.g., rights for identity choice, freedom from discrimination). Illustrating this are studies using economic and philosophical models of capabilities and social primary goods, the positive effects of which are largely mediated by SDT’s basic needs. The chapter also includes discussion of how governments create compliance by either controlling or autonomy-supportive means, with differing effects. SDT supplies a critical and comparative perspective on both economic and political policies and practices using its criteria of meeting human needs.
Education as Flourishing
Authors: Ryan Richard M. , Reeve Johnmarshall , Kaplan Haya , Matos Lennia , Cheon Sung Hyeon 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In the perspective of self-determination theory the central aim of education should be that of enhancing students’ flourishing. Flourishing involves not only the development of cognitive capacities but also capacities for agency, prosocial relationships, and psychological wellness. Strong evidence within self-determination theory, reviewed herein, shows how teaching styles that support students’ basic needs for autonomy, relatedness, and competence foster these aspects of flourishing, enhancing the quality of students’ engagement, learning, and social relationships. Also highlighted are how students’ motivation and agency reciprocally influence teachers’ tendency to be need supportive, such that interventions on both sides of the teacher-student relationship can enhance learning climates. Nonetheless, this body of evidence concerns optimizing need supports within existing school environments, which too often remain mired in policies, practices, and omnipresent evaluations that are not designed for student flourishing, and which instead often harm both students’ and teachers’ well-being and motivation. The chapter’s conclusion includes a call to broaden the criteria by which schools are evaluated to include process as well as outcome targets. Creating the best schools we can imagine entails the assessment and cultivation of what really matters (i.e., process targets) to student flourishing in both their present and future lives.
The Historical Political Economy of Colonialism
Authors: Guardado Jenny 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter surveys the literature on whether and which are the long-run economic legacies of European colonization today. From these works stands out the diversity of development experiences across and even within formerly colonized countries depending on the conditions encountered by colonizers, the latter’s identity, or the length of colonization, to name a few. However, most of these studies are based on comparisons among different types of colonization experiences and not vis-à-vis a scenario of no colonization, constituting a potential avenue for future research. Nonetheless, available findings allow researchers to identify and rank the effect of different colonial policies on key drivers of economic disparities today.
The Present and Future of Verbal Lie Detection
Authors: Vrij Aldert , Granhag Pӓr Anders , Leal Sharon , Fisher Ronald P. , Kleinman Steven M. , Ashkenazi Tzachi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The last thirty years has seen a transformation in deception research from passively observing subjects’ nonverbal behavior to actively interviewing subjects to elicit verbal cues to deceit. Although significant progress has been made, there is still much work to do in the rapidly developing field of verbal lie detection. In this contribution, we briefly discuss the current status of the field. We outline the four interview protocols most frequently discussed in the scientific literature to date—Assessment Criteria Indicative of Deception (ACID), Cognitive Credibility Assessment (CCA), Strategic Use of Evidence (SUE), and Verifiability Approach (VA)—followed by the empirical support for these protocols. We then present ideas on how to move the field of verbal lie detection forward.
Human Factors in Forensic Science
Authors: Kukucka Jeff , Dror Itiel E. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Forensic science evidence has long been accepted in court and is widely considered infallible. However, the forensic sciences have recently come under intense scrutiny, as forensic science errors have been implicated in an alarming number of wrongful convictions. In working to better understand and prevent such errors, researchers have discovered that they are often an unfortunate by-product of innate psychological processes. This chapter first reviews evidence that forensic science examiners, like all humans, are vulnerable to unconscious biases that can lead to erroneous judgments. Second, the chapter identifies barriers to mitigating the pernicious effects of bias in forensic laboratories and courtrooms, including widespread misconceptions about its causes and effects. Third, proposed reforms are offered to strengthen forensic science, with descriptions of some progress that has already been made in that regard.