bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Killing of Schistosomula of Schistosoma Mansoni by BCG and C. Parvum-Activated Macrophages
Authors: Mahmoud Adel A. F. , Peters Pierre A. S. , Civil Richard H. , Remington Jack S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Resistance to Schistosoma mansoni infection in the mouse has been induced either specifically by a primary infection with this parasite or nonspecifically by a variety of immunostimulants such as BCG. In the present study we developed an in vitro system to examine the effector mechanism of nonspecifically induced resistance. Activated macrophage monolayers obtained from BCG- or Corynebacterium parvum-treated mice killed a respective mean of 32 ± 6% and 48 ± 5% of schistosomula after 24 hr incubation. The killing of the parasites was verified by their inability to mature to adult worms upon injection into normal mice. The activated macrophage-mediated killing was related to cell:parasite ratio, and was partially lost if the macrophage monolayers were kept in cultures for 24 hr before incubation with the organism. Supernatants of macrophages cultured in the presence of schistosomula killed a mean of 51 ± 3% of the organisms whereas those from cells cultured alone resulted in a mean killing of 25 ± 3%. Furthermore, toxic supernatants could be generated equally well on incubation with S. mansoni schistosomula or Trichinella spiralis larvae. Our data show that activated macrophage monolayers through soluble mediators destroy a significant proportion of the multicellular parasite S. mansoni schistosomula in vitro.
An Allotypic Marker on Chicken Immunoglobulin Light Chains
Authors: Foppoli James M. , Benedict Albert A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The first chicken immunoglobulin light (L) chain allotypic specificity (L-1.1) to be described that was present on IgM, 7S Ig, Fab, and L chains was detected by radioimmunoassay. The gene controlling the expression of L-1.1 is inherited in a simple Mendelian fashion at an autosomal locus and is unlinked to a constant region heavy chain locus, four blood group loci and three loci determining lymphocyte cell surface alloantigens.
Macrophage Cell Lines Produce a Cytotoxin
Authors: Aksamit Robert R. , Kim K. Jin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cytotoxic activity, measured by release of tritium from 3H-(methyl)-thymidine-labeled 7943 cells, was found in culture fluids from four of five macrophage cell lines. In the P388D1 cell line, cytotoxic activity was highest after 7 days of culture, 2 days after the cells reached confluence. The activity was not lost upon dialysis or lyophilization. When culture fluids were chromatographed on Sephadex G-200, two activity peaks were obtained: one in the void volume and the other corresponding to a m.w. of 40,000 to 50,000.
The Effects of Neuraminidase and Galactose Oxidase on Murine Lymphocytes
Authors: Kuppers Rudolf C. , Henney Christopher S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Normal murine spleen cell populations treated sequentially with neuraminidase (NA) followed by galactose oxidase (GO) failed to mount cytotoxic responses to alloantigen. Such unresponsiveness was shown to be due to the induction of a suppressor T cell after NAGO treatment. Suppressor cell induction did not require cell proliferation, although mitogenic concentrations of galactose oxidase (0.019 units/ml after 50 units/ml NA) were needed. The NAGO-induced suppressor T cell was shown to be capable of suppressing both primary and secondary cytotoxic responses to alloantigen and to develop more readily in young (&lt; 4-month-old) C57BL/6 spleen cell populations than in spleens from older mice. The suppressive activity of NAGO-treated spleen cells increased when they were cultured (1 to 3 days) before testing.
In contrast to the antigen-unresponsiveness of normal spleen cells after NAGO treatment, spleens from alloantigen-primed mice still responded vigorously to the priming antigen after NAGO treatment, although their primary responses to other alloantigens were suppressed. Antigen priming per se did not markedly affect the induction of suppressor T cells by NAGO; the differences between the ability of normal vs primed spleen cells to mount cytotoxic responses after NAGO treatment seemed largely to reflect the relative insusceptibility of secondary cytotoxic responses to the action of suppressor T cells.
Lung Tumor-Reactive Cytotoxic Lymphocytes Generated in Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction Between C3HfeB/HeN (H-2kb) and C3H/HeN (H-2k) Strain Mice
Authors: Imamura Masahiro , Gipson Thomas G. , Bensky Norman , Justice Robert , Martin W. John 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The tumor-associated transplantation antigen expressed by several transplacentally induced lung tumors of C3HfeB/HeN mice (H-2kb haplotype) has previously been shown to exist as a normal tissue alloantigen in mice of known H-2k and H-2α haplotypes. This antigen is not expressed in normal tissues of C3HfeB/HeN mice but is expressed in C3H/HeN mice, the strain from which the C3HfeB/HeN mice were originally derived. The present study indicates that spleen cells from C3HfeB/HeN and C3H/HeN mice respond reciprocally in the mixed lymphocyte reaction. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for the tumor-associated alloantigen can be readily generated in mixed lymphocyte reactions in which spleen cells from C3HfeB/HeN mice are reacted with x-irradiated spleen cells from C3H/HeN or A strain mice. These cells are effective in suppressing the growth of the C3HfeB/HeN-derived lung tumor 85 in x-irradiated syngeneic recipients.
Measurement of Human Type-Specific Antibody to Adenovirus Type 5 Hexon and Fiber Using a Fab′-Blocked Antigen Probe
Authors: Scott Jane V. , Dreesman Gordon R. , Kasel Julius A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A radioimmunoassay (RIA) has been developed whereby antibodies to the type-specific antigenic determinants on the hexon or fiber subunits of adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) are selectively measured in the presence of group- and subgroup-reactive antibodies. To achieve this purpose, Fab′ fragments from rabbit antibody prepared against the most closely related serotype, Ad6, were used to block group- and subgroup-reactive determinants on the Ad5 proteins. The Ad6 Fab′ fragments were preincubated with purified iodinated Ad5 fiber or hexon. These Fab′-blocked 125I-labeled subunits were then used as type-specific antigenic probes in a conventional RIA. Serum specimens obtained from 20 volunteers, obtained before and after vaccination with purified Ad5 hexon or fiber subunit vaccine, were tested for antibody by using the Fab′-blocked Ad5 antigen probes. The results obtained demonstrated that i) the two noncross-reacting type-specific antibodies made against fiber or hexon are selectively detected by this procedure, ii) the relative mean concentrations of type-specific antibody ranged from 0.31 to 0.41% and 4.0 to 4.1% of the total antibody for hexon and fiber antigen, respectively, and iii) the levels of antibody activity were similar when the same sera were tested by a competition RIA in which group- and subgroup-specific antibodies were adsorbed from the test sera before incubation with 125I-Ad5 hexon of fiber.
Evidence for a Common Mucosal Immunologic System
Authors: McDermott Mark R. , Bienenstock John 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The origins of immunoglobulin-containing cells in intestinal, respiratory, mammary, and genital tissues were studied in CBA/J female mice by using an adoptive lymphocyte transfer method. Within 24 hr after transfer, [3H]thymidine-labeled donor mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells were observed in recipient gut, cervix and vagina, uterus, mammary glands, and MLN, where approximately 60% contained IgA and 25% IgG. In peripheral lymph nodes (PLN), 44% of the labeled cells after MLN transfer contained IgG, whereas only 8% were of the IgA isotype. The preference of the MLN to populate mucosal sites was clear from the results. Labeled PLN cells were transferred and the majority of these returned to their sites of origin and contained IgG. Of the small number of labeled PLN cells found in mucosal tissues, approximately equal percentages (30%) of IgA- and IgG-containing cells were seen. Dividing cells prepared from mediastinal (bronchial) lymph nodes (BLN) showed a propensity to localize in the lungs rather than the intestine. However, the predominant immunoglobulin content of these donor cells in gut, lungs, and MLN was IgA. In recipient PLN, most labeled BLN cells contained IgG. These data support the concept of a common mucosal immunologic system.
The Molecular Identification of Two Serologically Defined Gene Products of the Rat Major Histocompatibility Complex
Authors: Natori Takashi , Ohhashi Tatsuhiko , Kotani Tomio , Katagiri Makoto , Aizawa Miki 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The two SD gene products of the rat major histocompatibility complex were identified by immunochemical means with rat alloantisera. WKA anti-TO antiserum contained anti-TO reactivity possibly detecting a unique private specificity for the Tokyo strain or rats, as well as some other cross-reactivity against common public specificities among ACI, Spd, LEJ, and TO. WKA anti-TO antiserum could react with 125I-labeled AgB4 preparation. The immunoprecipitates gave two peaks of radio-activity on SDS-PAGE corresponding to positions of 37,000 and 12,000 daltons, respectively, showing the basic structure of AgB antigens as described previously. These components were confirmed, by a sequential immunoprecipitation test with rabbit anti-H-2K,D and rabbit anti-HLA-A,B antiserum, to be of the rat major histocompatibility antigens. Two different SD gene products were identified by sequential immunoprecipitation tests in which 125I-labeled AgB4 preparation was first treated with WKA anti-TO antiserum and the residual supernatants were allowed to react with a test antiserum, TO anti-ACI antiserum. Pretreatment of the antigen with WKA anti-TO antiserum could not remove the antigen molecules reactive with TO anti-ACI antiserum. Conversely, pretreatment of the antigen preparation with TO anti-ACI antiserum removed concomitantly the molecules detectable by WKA anti-TO antiserum, suggesting that both molecules carry the same private and/or public specificity(ies). The two SD antigens were inherited together in backcross animals of (ACI × WKA)F1 × WKA, indicating a close linkage of the two SD loci. There was one discrepant animal out of 63 rats tested, suggesting a dissociation of the two loci.
The Separate Roles of Hapten and of Carrier in the Conformation of T Cell-Reactive Determinants on Aba-Protein Conjugates
Authors: Ray Alex , Ben-Sasson Schlomo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
When new antigenic determinants were formed on a protein by modifying it with p-azobenzenearsonate (ABA), those of the new determinants that were recognized by and activated a T cell-immune response contained functionally separate contributions from the hapten and from the carrier protein. Those parts of the determinant that actually reacted with the T cell recognition site were contributed by the carrier molecule, whereas the hapten contribution was toward specifying the structural arrangement of those parts of the carrier molecule. The indirect nature of the haptenic contribution to the conjugate determinant explains why p-azobenzenearsonic acid on the autologous carrier guinea pig albumin (GPA) cross-reacted with p-azobenzoic acid on the same protein, whereas p-azobenzenearsonic acid in its free form on tyrosine did not cross-react with conjugates of p-azobenzoic acid. Although identity of the hapten components of the autologous albumin conjugates were not necessary for inducing cross-reactive immunity, neither was identity of both hapten and protein moiety sufficient to induce cross-reaction, since ABA-GPA did not induce immunity to ABA-Actyr GPA, and ABA-Actyr-GPA induced only a very weak immunity to ABA-GPA. Thus, the manner or site of attachment of ABA to protein was a major factor in determining the conformation of the determinant that it induced on the protein.
In spite of the finding of some cross-reaction between different protein conjugates of ABA, there was no evidence that the conjugate determinants had induced T cell immunity to any structure containing the hapten in an immunologically recognizable form. ABA-protein immune cells did not respond to ABA-amino acids nor to ABA on the amino acid copolymers GT or GL. Enrichment of the cross-reactive population of ABA-OA or ABA-GPA immune T cells by in vitro selection on macrophage pulsed with the cross-reacting antigen did not amplify any small population of hapten-reactive cells that might have been undetectable by direct testing of an unenriched cell population with ABA-amino acids.
Ultraviolet (UV) Sensitive Leukocyte Allostimulation Cross-Reacts with UV Resistant Sperm
Authors: Levis William R. , Dattner Alan M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Our group has previously reported that human sperm cells are capable of stimulating allogeneic lymphocytes. We now report that the HLA-D on sperm cells is resistant to ultraviolet (UV) light in contrast to HLA-D on leukocytes, which is very sensitive to UV light in the dosage range employed in these experiments. Responder leukocytes were cultured with varying concentrations of stimulating blood leukocytes and varying concentrations of sperm cells washed free of the highly suppressive seminal plasma factor(s). Stimulator blood and sperm cells were exposed simultaneously to UV light delivered from a G.E. cold quartz No. G 15-T8 (2537 Å germicidal) lamp at doses varying from 800 to 25,000 ergs/mm2 as measured by an IL 770 photometer with a narrow band NB254 filter. Even the lowest dosage of UV completely or nearly totally abrogated the stimulating capability of leukocytes whereas sperm cells showed excellent stimulating ability with as much as 25,000 ergs/mm2. We have also been able to clonally prime lymphocytes with sperms. After 10 to 14 days in first or primary culture, sperm-stimulated blast-derived lymphocytes were recultured. The allogeneic responding lymphocytes showed accelerated 3HTdR incorporation to leukocytes from the original sperm donor. We conclude that the UV-resistant HLA-D on sperms share some determinants with the UV-sensitive HLA-D on leukocytes.
Evidence for Shared Idiotypy Expressed by the IgM, IgG, and IgA Serum Proteins of a Patient with a Complex Multiple Paraprotein Disorder
Authors: Hopper John E. , Haren J. Marie , Kmiecik Thomas E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The results of a comparative idiotypic analysis of multiple Ig paraproteins isolated from the serum of an individual patient, Ca, with Sjögren's syndrome and Waldenström's macroglobulinemia are reported. At initial presentation, Ca serum was found to contain two major paraproteins, an IgMκ and an IgGκ, together with a small elevation in the level of IgA protein. The patient's clinical course was characterized by dramatic and opposing changes in the respective serum levels of the IgMκ and IgGκ paraproteins over an extended time period that coincided in part with received chemotherapy. Idiotypic antigenic analysis of the IgMκ and IgGκ paraproteins revealed that the two monotypic proteins shared identical idiotypic determinants. The Ca IgA serum fraction, specifically isolated by an immunoabsorbent and free of any IgG and IgM, was shown to possess idiotypic determinants identical to the IgG and IgM proteins. In extensive tests of specificity, the idiotypic determinants shared by Ca IgM, IgG, and IgA proteins were not present in large excesses of heterologous IgM and IgG, nor on Ig molecules contained in a large number of normal and myeloma sera.
Surface Expression and Synthesis of I-A and I-E/C Encoded Molecules by B Lymphocytes and Ig-Secreting Cells
Authors: Vitetta Ellen S. , Cook Richard G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Splenocytes from recombinant mice were radiolabeled before or after deletion of subpopulations by cytotoxic anterisera (+C) directed against I-A, I-E/C, IgM, or Ig. Examination of the lysates of the surviving cells by immunoprecipitation demonstrated that 1) virtually all I-A and I-E/C molecules are co-expressed and synthesized by Ig+, IgM+ lymphocytes, 2) I-A, I-E/C, and IgM molecules are present on many of the cells secreting IgM and IgG, and 3) populations of Ig-bearing or Ig-secreting cells that lack detectable I-A and I-E/C antigens can be identified in spleen cell populations. The co-expression of I-A and I-E/C on most cells of the B cell lineage is discussed in terms of our present concepts of Ir gene control of immune responses.
In Vitro Analysis of Allogeneic Lymphocyte Interaction
Authors: Delovitch Terry L. , Sohn Uik 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A helper allogeneic effect factor (AEF) was produced across an incompatibility at the minor histocompatibility loci. This AEF is genetically restricted in its activity since it helps B cells only of the stimulator haplotype and of haplotypes that share both an Mls and I-region identity with the stimulator haplotype. The I-region genes involved here map to the I-A and/or I-C subregions. An anti-LyM immunoadsorbent column but neither an anti-H-2 nor an anti-Ia column adsorbed AEF helper activity. It is suggested that the activation of T helper cells by a positive allogeneic effect across a minor H locus difference and their genetically restricted interaction with allogeneic B cells may in part be due to the acquisition by alloactivated T cells of stimulator cell-derived LyM and/or Mls determinants. The data presented indicate that helper T cells recognize Mls locus alloantigens in the milieu of self Ia antigens.
Functional Analysis of H-2-Linked Genetic Control of Immune Responsiveness to TNP-MSA
Authors: Urba Walter J. , Hildemann William H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The antibody response to trinitrophenyl-conjugated mouse serum albumin (TNP-MSA) in inbred strains of mice is regulated by a gene(s) in the I-B subregion of the H-2 complex. High responsiveness in low H-2k × high H-2b F1 hybrids is inherited as a recessive trait. Various parameters of the immune response to TNP-MSA were investigated to determine whether specific Ir gene activation by TNP-MSA leads to a similar or different type of regulation compared to dominant H-2-linked Ir genes. Analysis of high and low responder sera by radioimmunoassay and isoelectric focusing revealed that Ir-6 controls the production of IgG antibodies in high responder mice. Although both high and low responder immune sera contained equivalent amounts of IgM TNP-antibody, IgG anti-TNP activity was found only in high responder sera. However, low responders could be induced to produce high levels of IgG TNP-antibody after immunization with TNP-MSA complexed to a xenogeneic carrier (MBSA). Adult thymectomy and rabbit antimouse T cell serum treatment of high and low responder animals demonstrated that TNP-MSA is capable of eliciting both a T-independent IgM response and a T-dependent IgG response. The thymus-dependent IgG produced by high responder animals is of restricted heterogeneity as revealed by isoelectric focusing. High responsiveness to TNP-MSA displays either dominant or recessive inheritance in F1 progeny depending on the H-2 haplotype combination. This finding is interpreted in terms of Ir-6 gene product interaction and hierarchical or partial dominance among multiple alleles.
Murine Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity to Herpes Simplex Virus-Infected Target Cells
Authors: Kohl Steve , Cahall David L. , Walters Deborah L. , Schaffner Vann E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Freshly collected peritoneal cells (PC) and cultured spleen cells (SC) (but not fresh SC) from nonimmune mice could mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against herpes simplex virus (HSV)-infected cells in the presence of mouse or human sera containing antibody to HSV. PC also demonstrated variable natural killer cell cytotoxicity to infected cells.
Both PC and cultured SC required high concentrations of antibody and high effector to target cell ratios for optimal ADCC. The time kinetics of the reaction appeared to depend on the state of activation of the effector cells. In both PC and SC populations, ADCC activity was limited to adherent cells, and was profoundly inhibited by particulate latex or silica.
The murine effector cell found in PC and SC able to mediate ADCC to HSV-infected cells appears to be a macrophage.
Gene Dose Effects in Ir Gene-Controlled Systems
Authors: Dorf Martin E. , Stimpfling Jack H. , Benacerraf Baruj 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
(B10.A × B10.S)F1 hybrid mice produce lower levels of anti-GLφ antibody than B10.S(9R) and B10.HTT mice. To determine whether this difference is due to a gene dose or a cis-trans effect, [B10.S(9R) × B10.S(8R)]F1 mice were immunized with GLφ. These mice carry one dose of the responder Ir gene alleles in the cis position whereas the recombinant B10.S(9R) and B10.HTT mice carry two doses of the relevant genes. Both (B10.A × B10.S) and [B10.S(9R) × B10.S(8R)] F1 mice produced comparably lower amounts of antibodies as compared to the recombinant strains. The data therefore demonstrate that gene dose and not cis-trans effect accounts for the differences between F1 and recombinant strains in their antibody response to GLφ controlled by complementary Ir genes.
The LT System in Experimental Animals
Authors: Hiserodt John C. , Tiangco Gerry J. , Granger Gale A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Lymphocytes or purified T cells obtained from the spleens of alloimmune C57BL/6, DBA/2, or C3H/DiSn mice, when placed on monolayers of lectin-coated allogeneic (L-929 or 3T3) fibroblasts, release into the supernatant various forms of cell lytic material. One form appears to be a high m.w. complex containing an antigen-binding receptor(s) that is highly labile and capable of causing rapid and specific lysis of allogeneic target cells in vitro. Material(s) that could mediate these cell lytic effects were detected in culture supernatants as early as 3 hr after stimulation, peaked at 6 to 9 hr, and declined thereafter. The specific cell lytic activity appeared to be due to high m.w. LT-receptor complexes for the following reasons: a) antisera that could neutralize murine LT activity in vitro could inhibit this effect; b) absorption of supernatants on the specific target cells at 4°C removed both the specific lytic activity and nonspecific LT activity detectable on L-929 cells in vitro; c) this material(s) was highly unstable, as are LT complex forms; and d) fractionation by molecular sieving of these supernatants revealed that cell lysis was mediated by material(s) in the high (&gt;200,000) m.w. complex form(s). The lytic effect did not appear to be due to Ab + C because supernatants that had lost their specific lytic activity could not be reconstituted with fresh sources of C. Since purified alloimmune T lymphocytes yielded more active supernatants than unseparated nonadherent spleen cells, and polyspecific goat anti-mouse Ig sera had virtually no effect on this lytic activity, we feel the receptor(s) in these complexes originates from the T cell(s). The data support the concept that the short-lived specific cell lytic material in these supernatants is a high m.w. complex containing αH m.w. LT subunits in functional association with specific (T cell?) antigen-binding receptor(s) molecules.
These findings strongly corroborate analogous findings in the human and support the concept that the smaller m.w. LT molecules represent a system of weakly lytic but related subunits released by cells that can associate together and functionally associate with antigen-binding receptor(s) to form highly effective cell lytic complexes. Furthermore, these lytic LT-receptor complexes can be directed by the specificity of the receptor with which they are associated.