bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anomaly detection using spatial and temporal information in multivariate time series
Authors: Tian Zhiwen , Zhuo Ming , Liu Leyuan , Chen Junyi , Zhou Shijie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractReal-world industrial systems contain a large number of interconnected sensors that generate a significant amount of time series data during system operation. Performing anomaly detection on these multivariate time series data can timely find faults, prevent malicious attacks, and ensure these systems safe and reliable operation. However, the rarity of abnormal instances leads to a lack of labeled data, so the supervised machine learning methods are not applicable. Furthermore, most current techniques do not take full advantage of the spatial and temporal dependencies implied among multiple variables to detect anomalies. Hence, we propose STADN, a novel Anomaly Detection Network Using Spatial and Temporal Information. STADN models the relationship graph between variables for a graph attention network to capture the spatial dependency between variables and utilizes a long short-term memory network to mine the temporal dependency of time series to fully use the spatial and temporal information of multivariate time series. STADN predicts the future behavior of each sensor by combining the historical behavior of the sensor and its neighbors, then detects and locates anomalies according to the prediction error. Furthermore, we improve the proposed model’s ability to discriminate anomaly and regularity and expand the prediction error gap between normal and abnormal instances by reconstructing the prediction errors. We conduct experiments on two real-world datasets, and the experimental results suggested that STADN achieves state-of-the-art outperformance.
Monopolar electrocautery versus sharp dissection in the neck dissection: a retrospective study
Authors: Obermeier Katharina Theresa , Liokatis Paris , Smolka Wenko 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe cold scalpel/scissors (CS) and the monopolar electrocautery (ME) are still the most commonly used instruments for neck dissection in head and neck oncology. However, a direct comparison of these techniques does not exist. This study aims to compare these techniques concerning blood loss, the decline of hemoglobin levels, and surgery duration. Data on 200 patients who received tumor resection, neck dissection and either a radial forearm free flap (RFFF)or a primary closure (PC) were examined retrospectively. The patients were divided according to the performed defect closure (RFFF or PC) and the main instrument usedfor the beck dissection (Group 1: RFFF and ME, Group 2: RFFF and CS, Group 3: PC and ME Group 4: PC and CS). The intraoperative blood loss, decline of hemoglobin values and surgery duration were analyzed and compared between the corresponding groups. The patients where the ME was used lost on average 409.93 ml (group 1 vs. 2) and 242.4 ml (group 3 vs. 4) less blood. The median decrease in the hemoglobin levels was by 1.01 g/dL (group 1 vs. 2) and 0.85 g/dL (group 3 vs. 4) lower for the ME. The median surgery duration was by 102 min (group 1 vs. 2) and 83 min (group 3 vs. 4) shorterfor the ME. All differences were statistically significant. Traditional scalpel and scissors used for neck dissection lead to significantly higher blood loss and longer operation time than the monopolar electrocautery.
Production of neutralizing antibody fragment variants in the cytoplasm of E. coli for rapid screening: SARS-CoV-2 a case study
Authors: Tungekar Aatir A. , Recacha Rosario , Ruddock Lloyd W. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGlobal health challenges such as the coronavirus pandemic warrant the urgent need for a system that allows efficient production of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Antibody treatments against SARS-CoV-2 were developed with an unprecedented pace and this enormous progress was achieved mainly through recombinant protein production technologies combined with expeditious screening approaches. A heterologous protein production system that allows efficient soluble production of therapeutic antibody candidates against rapidly evolving variants of deadly pathogens is an important step in preparedness towards future pandemic challenges. Here, we report cost and time-effective soluble production of SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) variants as well as an array of neutralizing antibody fragments (Fabs) based on Casirivimab and Imdevimab using the CyDisCo system in the cytoplasm of E. coli. We also report variants of the two Fabs with higher binding affinity against SARS-CoV-2 RBD and suggest this cytoplasmic production of disulfide containing antigens and antibodies can be broadly applied towards addressing future global public health threats.
Dyadic inter-brain EEG coherence induced by interoceptive hyperscanning
Authors: Balconi Michela , Angioletti Laura 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPrevious single-brain studies suggested interoception plays a role in interpersonal synchronization. The aim of the present study was to assess the electrophysiological intersubject coherence through electrophysiological (EEG) hyperscanning recording during simple dyadic synchronization tasks when the participants focused on their breath. To this aim, the neural activity of 15 dyads of participants was collected during the execution of a cognitive and motor synchronization task in two distinct IA conditions: focus and no focus on the breath condition. Individuals’ EEG frequency bands were recorded through EEG hyperscanning and coherence analysis was performed. Results showed greater EEG coherence was observed for the alpha band in frontopolar brain regions (Fp1, Fp2) and also in central brain regions (C3, C4) within the dyads, during the focus on the breath condition for the motor compared to the cognitive synchronization task; during the same experimental condition, delta and theta band showed augmented inter-individual coherence in the frontal region (Fz) and central areas (C3, C4). To conclude, the current hyperscanning study highlights how the manipulation of the interoceptive focus (obtained through the focus on the breath) strengthens the manifestation of the EEG markers of interpersonal tuning during a motor synchronization task in specific brain areas.
Intergenerational impact of dietary protein restriction in dairy ewes on epigenetic marks in the perirenal fat of their suckling lambs
Authors: Fonseca Pablo A. S. , Suárez-Vega Aroa , Pelayo Rocio , Marina Hector , Alonso-García María , Gutiérrez-Gil Beatriz , Arranz Juan-José 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn sheep, nutrition during the prepubertal stage is essential for growth performance and mammary gland development. However, the potential effects of nutrient restriction in a prepuberal stage over the progeny still need to be better understood. Here, the intergenerational effect of maternal protein restriction at prepubertal age (2 months of age) on methylation patterns was evaluated in the perirenal fat of Assaf suckling lambs. In total, 17 lambs from ewes subjected to dietary protein restriction (NPR group, 44% less protein) and 17 lambs from control ewes (C group) were analyzed. These lambs were ranked based on their carcass proportion of perirenal and cavitary fat and classified into HighPCF and LowPCF groups. The perirenal tissue from 4 NPR-LowPCF, 4 NPR-HighPCF, 4 C-LowPCF, and 4 C-HighPCF lambs was subjected to whole-genome bisulfite sequencing and differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified. Among other relevant processes, these DMRs were mapped in genes responsible for regulating the transition of brown to white adipose tissue and nonshivering thermoregulation, which might be associated with better adaptation/survival of lambs in the perinatal stage. The current study provides important biological insights about the intergenerational effect on the methylation pattern of an NPR in replacement ewes.
Development of Ti–Al–V alloys for usage as single-axis knee prostheses: evaluation of mechanical, corrosion, and tribocorrosion behaviors
Authors: Pinto B. O. , Torrento J. E. , Grandini C. R. , Galindo E. L. , Pintão C. A. F. , Santos A. A. , Lisboa-Filho P. N. , Pontes F. M. L. , Correa D. R. N. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSingle-axis knee prosthesis is an artificial biomechanical device that provides motion to amputees without the need for assistance appliances. Besides it is mainly composed of metallic materials, the current commercial materials did not group adequate properties for long-term usage or accessible cost. This study produced and characterized Ti-(10 −x)Al-xV (x = 0, 2, and 4 wt.%) alloys for potential use as single-axis knee prostheses. The samples exhibited a gradual decrease in the density values, with proper chemical mixing of the alloying elements on the micro-scale. The phase composition exhibited a primary α phase with a minor α′ + β phase for the Ti-8Al-2V and Ti-6Al-4V samples. Due to their different atomic radius compared to Ti, the addition of alloying elements changed the cell parameters. Their selected mechanical properties (Young’s modulus, Vickers microhardness, and damping factor) performed better values than the CP-Ti grade 4. The samples also exhibited good corrosion properties against the simulated marine solution. The tribocorrosion resistance of the samples was better than the reference material, with the wear tracks composed of some tribolayers and grooves resulting from adhesive and abrasive wear. The Ti-10Al alloy displayed the best properties and estimated low cost to be used as single-axis knee prostheses.
A self-biased non-reciprocal magnetic metasurface for bidirectional phase modulation
Authors: Yang Weihao , Qin Jun , Long Jiawei , Yan Wei , Yang Yucong , Li Chaoyang , Li En , Hu Juejun , Deng Longjiang , Du Qingyang , Bi Lei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNon-reciprocal metasurfaces can encode optical functions on forward- and backward-propagating waves, and could be used to create non-reciprocal antennas and radomes for full-duplex wireless communication and radar systems. However, such metasurfaces typically require external electric- or magnetic-field biasing or rely on non-linear effects, which makes practical implementation challenging. Here we report a self-biased non-reciprocal metasurface based on magnetic meta-atoms made from lanthanum-doped barium hexaferrite. The metasurface offers a transmittance of up to 77% and an operation angle of ±64°. We show that they can be used for on-demand bidirectional phase modulation, which provides non-reciprocal functionalities including microwave isolation, non-reciprocal beam steering, non-reciprocal focusing and non-reciprocal holography. The approach could also be potentially extended to megahertz and optical frequencies by using different self-biased magnetic materials.
Turbulent processing of PAHs in protoplanetary discs
Authors: Lange K. , Dominik C. , Tielens A. G. G. M. 
Published: March 2023

Context. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been detected in numerous circumstellar discs. Despite the correlation between stellar temperature and low PAH detections rates, the diversity of PAH detections and non-detections at similar stellar properties is not well understood.
Aims. We propose the continuous processing of PAHs through clustering, adsorption on dust grains, and their reverse-processes as key mechanisms to reduce the emission-capable PAH abundance in protoplanetary discs. This cycle of processing is driven by vertical turbulence in the disc mixing PAHs between the disc midplane and the photosphere.
Methods. We used a theoretical Monte Carlo model for photodesorption in the photosphere and a coagulation code in the disc midplane to estimate the relevance and timescale of these processes in a Herbig Ae/Be disc environment. By combining these components in a 1D vertical model, we calculated the gas-phase depletion of PAHs that stick as clusters on dust grains.
Results. Our results show that the clustering of gas-phase PAHs is very efficient, and that clusters with more than 100 monomers can grow for years before they are able to freeze out in the disc midplane. Once a PAH cluster is frozen on the dust grain surface, the large heat capacity of these clusters prevents them from evaporating off the grains in UV-rich environments such as the photosphere. Therefore, the clustering of PAHs followed by freeze-out can lead to a depletion of gas-phase PAHs in protoplanetary discs. We find that this mechanism is more efficient when the PAH species has fewer carbon atoms. In contrast, PAH monomers and very small clusters consisting of a few monomers can easily detach from the grain by absorption of a single UV photon. Evaluated over the lifetime of protoplanetary discs, we find a depletion of PAHs by a factor that ranges between 50 and 1000 compared to the standard ISM abundance of PAHs in the inner disc through turbulent processing.
Conclusions. Through these processes, we favour PAHs smaller than circumovalene (C66H20) as the major gas-phase emitters of the disc photosphere as larger PAH monomers cannot photodesorb from the grain surface. These gas-phase PAHs co-exist with large PAH clusters sticking on dust grains. We find a close relation between the amount of PAHs frozen out on dust grains and the dust population, as well as the strength of the vertical turbulence.
Autler–Townes splitting in the trap-loss fluorescence spectroscopy due to single-step direct Rydberg excitation of cesium cold atomic ensemble
Authors: Wang Xin , Hou Xiaokai , Lu Feifei , Chang Rui , Hao Lili , Su Wenjing , Bai Jiandong , He Jun , Wang Junmin 
Published: March 2023

We experimentally investigate trap-loss spectra of the cesium 6S1/2(F = 4) → 71P3/2 Rydberg transition by combining the cesium atomic magneto-optical trap with the narrow-linewidth, continuously tunable 318.6 nm ultraviolet laser. Specifically, the atoms in the magneto-optical trap are excited to the Rydberg state due to the ultraviolet laser single-step Rydberg excitation, which leads to the reduction of atomic fluorescence. Based on the trap-loss spectroscopy technology, the Autler–Townes (AT) splitting due to a strong cooling laser is observed, and the parameter dependence of the AT splitting interval of trap-loss spectroscopy is investigated. The effective temperature of cold atoms is measured by using simplified time-of-flight fluorescence imaging. In addition, closed-loop feedback power stabilization of 318.6 nm ultraviolet laser is carried out. This lays the foundation for further experimental research related to the Rydberg atoms using ultraviolet lasers, which is of great significance for the development of quantum computing and quantum information.
Democracy, separatist agitation and militarised state response in South East Nigeria
Authors: Amadi Luke A. , Allen Fidelis , Mai-Bornu Zainab L. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
This briefing revisits the dynamics of post-civil-war agitation for a separate state arising from Nigerian state repression in Africa’s largest democracy. It analyses uncertainties among many Nigerians in the south-east of the country and focuses on the recent experience of the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB), a group agitating for a republic of Biafra. It argues for a more democratic order that legitimises equality and social justice as organising principles of democracy.
Black hole information recovery from gravitational waves
Authors: Hamaide Louis , Torres Theo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We study the classical and quantum black hole information in gravitational waves from a black hole’s history. We review the necessary concepts regarding quantum information in many-body systems to motivate information retrieval and content in gravitational waves. We then show the first step in an optimal information retrieval strategy is to search for information in gravitational waves, compared to searching for correlations in Hawking radiation. We argue a large portion of the information of the initial collapsing state may be in the gravitational waves. Using the Zerilli equation for particles falling radially into Schwarzschild black holes, we then describe a method to retrieve full classical information about infalling sources, including masses, infall times and angles.
Multi-dimensional functionally graded insulator for HVDC compact gas insulated apparatus
Authors: Dong Jianan , Du Boxue , Liang Hucheng , Yao Hang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Gas insulated switchgear may be exposed to AC-DC mixed voltages in bipolar high voltage direct current (HVDC) systems. To improve the insulation performance of the epoxy insulator, this paper develops the multi-dimensional functionally graded materials (MFGM), which combines the bulk permittivity graded materials (ϵ-FGM) and the surface nonlinear conductivity materials (SNCM). The ϵ-FGM bulk and the SNCM layer of the MFGM insulator were prepared by the layer-by-layer pouring method and the air spraying technology. Results show that the electric field strength of the MFGM insulator around the HV triple junction is reduced by over 37% and 39% under AC and DC voltages. Compared with the uniform insulator, the AC and the DC flashover voltages of the MFGM insulator are raised by 17.5% and 27.5%, respectively. The MFGM insulator can adapt to both stationary and transient conditions, and thus has a promising application in HVDC compact gas-insulated apparatuses.
High critical current STAR® wires with REBCO tapes by advanced MOCVD
Authors: Galstyan Eduard , Kadiyala Janakiram , Paidpilli Mahesh , Goel Chirag , Sandra Jithin Sai , Yerraguravagari Vamsi , Majkic Goran , Jain Rohit , Chen Siwei , Li Yi , Schmidt Robert , Jaroszynski Jan , Bradford Griffin , Abraimov Dmytro , Chaud Xavier , Song Jungbin , Selvamanickam Venkat 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
RE–Ba–Cu–O (REBCO, RE = rare earth) symmetric tape round (STAR®) wires of 1.5–2.5 mm diameter have been fabricated with 4–12 strands of symmetric REBCO tape made by advanced metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). 1.5 mm diameter STAR® wires made with just four advanced MOCVD tape strands are able to sustain nearly the same critical current (I
c) as 2.5 mm diameter wires made with 12 commercial-grade tape strands. An I
c of 1070 A, corresponding to an engineering current density (J
e) of 597 A mm−2, has been demonstrated at 4.2 K, 30 T in 1.5 mm diameter, four-strand wire at a bend radius of 15 mm. This I
c value exactly matches the I
c expected from the lift factor of the tape strands used in the wire. The 2.5 mm diameter STAR® wires made with 12 advanced MOCVD tape strands exhibit an I
c of 1075 A at 77 K, self-field and sustained currents of 2500–2750 A at 4.2 K, 30 T before burnout, corresponding to a J
e greater than 500 A mm−2. These results show that the cost of STAR® wires can be substantially reduced using fewer tape strands of high-performance advanced MOCVD tapes and that the superior bend performance of STAR® wires can be maintained, even using 12 strands of advanced MOCVD tapes with 4 μm thick REBCO films.
ICRF heating schemes for the HL-2M tokamak
Authors: Lu L.F. , Lu B. , Zhang X.J. , Colas L. , Urbanczyk G. , Wang Z. , Li Z.J. , Hao B.L. , Xue L. , Xue M. , Wang S. , Sun A.P. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The HL-2M tokamak is a new medium-sized tokamak at SouthWestern Institute of Physics. Two of its key missions are to achieve 10 keV ion temperature and investigate the behavior of energetic particles relevant to burning plasmas. A 6 MW ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) heating power is embedded in the next upgrade program of HL-2M. In order to facilitate the engineering design of the ICRF system, this paper analyses the main ICRF heating schemes for HL-2M, in terms of ion heating and energetic ion generation in particular. D(H) minority heating and the 2nd harmonic D will act as the main ion heating schemes, for which the optimal RF frequency range 27–33 MHz, antenna parallel wavenumber k
// ∼ 8 m−1 are proposed and strong single pass absorption is expected under typical HL-2M plasma parameters. Full wave simulations carried out via TORIC/steady-state Fokker–Planck quasilinear solver and TRANSP codes suggest that by adopting three ion scheme or synergetic heating on neutral beam injection D ions by the 2nd harmonic D, energetic ions with energy at MeV level can be produced. This study shows that ICRF heating could play significant roles in ion heating, energetic ion generation in HL-2M.
Propagating quantum microwaves: towards applications in communication and sensing
Authors: Casariego Mateo , Zambrini Cruzeiro Emmanuel , Gherardini Stefano , Gonzalez-Raya Tasio , André Rui , Frazão Gonçalo , Catto Giacomo , Möttönen Mikko , Datta Debopam , Viisanen Klaara , Govenius Joonas , Prunnila Mika , Tuominen Kimmo , Reichert Maximilian , Renger Michael , Fedorov Kirill G , Deppe Frank , van der Vliet Harriet , Matthews A J , Fernández Yolanda , Assouly R , Dassonneville R , Huard B , Sanz Mikel , Omar Yasser 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The field of propagating quantum microwaves is a relatively new area of research that is receiving increased attention due to its promising technological applications, both in communication and sensing. While formally similar to quantum optics, some key elements required by the aim of having a controllable quantum microwave interface are still on an early stage of development. Here, we argue where and why a fully operative toolbox for propagating quantum microwaves will be needed, pointing to novel directions of research along the way: from microwave quantum key distribution to quantum radar, bath-system learning, or direct dark matter detection. The article therefore functions both as a review of the state-of-the-art, and as an illustration of the wide reach of applications the future of quantum microwaves will open.
A 90 nm area and power efficient Carry Select Adder using 2–1 multiplexer based Excess-1 block
Authors: Jeevan B , Bikshalu K , Sivani K 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper proposes a novel architecture of excess-1 adder-based Carry Select Adder (M2CSA) using single leaf cell i.e., 2–1 Multiplexer. M2CSA is designed using a new type of Excess-1 block. The Excess-1 block is designed in a distinct way using 2–1 multiplexers. The architectures of the proposed carry select adder and its internal excess-1 blocks are completely distinct when compared to existing carry select adders. The proposed 4-, 8-, 16-, 32-, and 64-bit M2CSAs use a 2–1 multiplexer only. The complex gates such as XOR gates are eliminated which exist in existing Carry Select Adders (CaSeAs). A 64-bit M2CSA that utilises one kind of 2-1 Mux cell is clearly decomposed to retain outstanding cell regularity. In previous designs, ripple carry adder blocks are substituted with half adders by limiting carry propagation to a particular degree. By avoiding carry propagation over adder blocks, particularly in 32- and 64-bit adders, the performance of M2CSA is initially increased. For CaSeAs, the area is of primary significance; for M2CSAs, it is also diminished by preserving cell regularity. Verilog HDL is utilised in the design of the M2CSA and current CaSeAs. Using Cadence NCLaunch, all of the designs are functionally tested. At a 90nm technology node, all of the designs are generated and executed using Genus and Innovus tools, respectively. As a comparison to prior designs, the 64-bit M2CSA final ASIC architecture is on average 17% less in terms of space. The comparison and result analysis show that 64-bit M2CSA performs 20% and 19% faster than 64-bit SQCSC in terms of performance and power dissipation, respectively.. The proposed 4-, 8-, 16-, 32-, 64- bit M2CSA exhibits less PDP (Power-Delay Product) ranging from 25%–30% concerning SQCSCs. Similarly, EDP (Energy- Delay Product) values for all the designs are calculated. The improvement in EDP for the 4-, 8-, 16-, 32-, 64- bit M2CSA is 41, 38, 42, 43, and 45 percentages compared to 4-, 8-, 16-, 32-, 64- bit SQCSC respectively. Therefore, the M2CSAs outperform the existing designs in terms of EDP by 38%–45%.