bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Many Patients Do You Need?Investigating Trial Designs for Anti-Seizure Treatment in Acute Brain Injury Patients
Authors: Parikh Harsh , Sun Haoqi , Amerineni Rajesh , Rosenthal Eric S. , Volfovsky Alexander , Rudin Cynthia , Westover M. Brandon , Zafar Sahar F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesEpileptiform activity (EA) worsens outcomes in patients with acute brain injuries (e.g., aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage [aSAH]). Randomized trials (RCTs) assessing anti-seizure interventions are needed. Due to scant drug efficacy data and ethical reservations with placebo utilization, RCTs are lacking or hindered by design constraints. We used a pharmacological model-guided simulator to design and determine feasibility of RCTs evaluating EA treatment.MethodsIn a single-center cohort of adults (age >18) with aSAH and EA, we employed a mechanistic pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic framework to model treatment response using observational data. We subsequently simulated RCTs for levetiracetam and propofol, each with three treatment arms mirroring clinical practice and an additional placebo arm. Using our framework we simulated EA trajectories across treatment arms. We predicted discharge modified Rankin Scale as a function of baseline covariates, EA burden, and drug doses using a double machine learning model learned from observational data. Differences in outcomes across arms were used to estimate the required sample size.ResultsSample sizes ranged from 500 for levetiracetam 7 mg/kg vs placebo, to >4000 for levetiracetam 15 vs. 7 mg/kg to achieve 80% power (5% type I error). For propofol 1mg/kg/hr vs. placebo 1200 participants were needed. Simulations comparing propofol at varying doses did not reach 80% power even at samples >1200.InterpretationOur simulations using drug efficacy show sample sizes are infeasible, even for potentially unethical placebo-control trials. We highlight the strength of simulations with observational data to inform the null hypotheses and assess feasibility of future trials of EA treatment.
Spatiotemporal molecular dynamics of the developing human thalamus
Authors: Kim Chang N , Shin David , Wang Albert , Nowakowski Tomasz J 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe thalamus plays a central coordinating role in the brain. Thalamic neurons are organized into spatially-distinct nuclei, but the molecular architecture of thalamic development is poorly understood, especially in humans. To begin to delineate the molecular trajectories of cell fate specification and organization in the developing human thalamus, we used single cell and multiplexed spatial transcriptomics. Here we show that molecularly-defined thalamic neurons differentiate in the second trimester of human development, and that these neurons organize into spatially and molecularly distinct nuclei. We identify major subtypes of glutamatergic neuron subtypes that are differentially enriched in anatomically distinct nuclei. In addition, we identify six subtypes of GABAergic neurons that are shared and distinct across thalamic nuclei.One-Sentence SummarySingle cell and spatial profiling of the developing thalamus in the first and second trimester yields molecular mechanisms of thalamic nuclei development.
Does corporate social responsibility always lead to positive effects?
Authors: Seo HaeJin , Liu Xiyuan , Song Tae Ho 
Published: August 2023

Purpose
Brand crisis has become an increasingly common phenomenon recently. While corporate social responsibility (CSR) plays a role in mitigating the negative consequences of brand crisis, it is not always effective, especially for foreign companies. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the differential effects of CSR on brand crisis, considering the impact of country of origin and consumer ethnocentrism.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used a 2 (country of origins: domestic vs foreign) × 2 (consumer ethnocentrism: high vs low) × 2 (CSR: before vs after related information is presented) between-subjects experiment to simulate a brand crisis. A fictional WeChat Moment posting was used as a stimulus. Data from 210 Chinese respondents were analyzed.

Findings
When consumer ethnocentrism is high, the impact of CSR on consumer attitude toward the company undergoing a crisis was greater for domestic than for foreign companies. Conversely, for consumers with low ethnocentrism, the effectiveness of CSR in attenuating the negative impact of the brand crisis (i.e. the insurance-like effect of CSR) was insignificant across domestic and foreign companies.

Originality/value
This study extends the prior literature and clarifies the unclear results of previous studies on the effect of CSR on brand crisis by examining the impact of country of origin and consumer ethnocentrism. Novel insights into the insurance-like effect of CSR in brand crises were obtained.
Approach using interpretive structural model and MICMAC analysis for identifying barriers influencing e-administration implementation in Egypt
Authors: Hassan Rasha 
Published: August 2023

Purpose
This study aims to identify and analyze the key barriers that obstruct the effective implementation of Egypt’s e-administration.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on a literature review and experts’ opinions, 14 key barriers were identified and classified into dependent, independent and linkage barriers using interpretive structural modeling with the help of MICMAC analysis.

Findings
Resistance to change, lack of HR specialized in information and communication technologies and lack of financial support were found to be the most crucial driving barriers to implementing e-administration developments.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the barriers to e-administration in Egypt using these methods and is expected to provide useful contributions to help decision-makers better understand e-administration implementation barriers in Egypt.
Contract and Aqd, are they functionally different?
Authors: Al-Umari Mohammad Rasmi , Alqudah Mutasim Ahmad 
Published: August 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to determine whether there is any fundamental difference in the meaning of contract in these two legal systems by analysing some of the essential principles of contract particularly parties’ agreement and consideration.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper seeks to investigate the degree of equivalency of the term contract and its Islamic law counterpart “Aqd”. To implement this task, it applies some comparative law techniques to examine certain contractual elements under common law and Islamic law.

Findings
The argument that “contract” and “Aqd” are not equivalent is superficial, and it is not well-supported by concrete evidence. The examples used to build this argument are merely limited exceptions to the general principles of contract, and some of them even exist under both legal systems in a similar manner such as “deed” and “Hibah”.

Practical implications
The paper is of interest to legal practitioners and professionals working in cross-cultural or international contexts, as understanding points of conformity and disconformity between “contract” and “Aqd” can help in multiple ways. These may include negotiating international transactions, contract drafting and dispute-resolution processes involving parties from Western and Islamic law-based jurisdictions. It may also aid policymaking and lawmaking processes aiming to harmonize contract principles across different jurisdictions.

Social implications
The research paper is important for public attitude, as understanding similarities and differences between “contract” and “Aqd” fosters mutual respect, tolerance and cooperation between individuals and communities adhering to different legal systems.

Originality/value
There is a common belief that the term “contract” substantially differs from “Aqd”, and it is by no means safe to presume that every “Aqd” qualifies as a contract. The current research introduces a new point view on the degree of conceptual equivalency of the two terms by showing resemblances in aspects relating to some contractual elements which have always been viewed as an area of divergence rather than convergence.
Resilience in service firms: the impact of social capital on firm performance during turmoil
Authors: Ergen Keleş Fatma Hilal , Keleş Emrah 
Published: August 2023

PurposeThis study aims to examine whether social capital contributes to service firms' resilience during crisis.Design/methodology/approachThis study measures social capital via environmental and social (ES) ratings and firm performance via buy-and-hold-abnormal returns derived from Refinitiv ESG and CRSP databases. Using a sample of 404 US service firms, this study runs cross-sectional regressions to estimate the effect of social capital on service firms' crisis returns.FindingsThis study finds that high-social capital service firms outperformed in the first quarter of 2020. The crisis response is heterogeneous among service sub-sectors and diverges (i.e. calming or deepening) over time depending on social capital. Service sub-sector analysis notably posits that social capital impact is positively related to returns of Health- and Business Services and firms with utilitarian nature. The study also indicates that ES commitments targeting internal stakeholders contribute more to resilience. Overall, social capital might be a relevant value driver, generate real impact and provide insurance-like protection for service firms during turmoil.Originality/valueThe service industry is one of the most severely hit industries during COVID-19. However, there is limited knowledge about whether and when social capital creates value in the service industry during crises. This study makes two main contributions: first, it extends to the continuous efforts toward the role of social capital in firm performance, and second, it provides important insights related to the resilience search for service firms.
The association between care integration and care quality
Authors: Aaron Micah B. , Kerrissey Michaela , Novikov Zhanna , Tietschert Maike V. , Scherling Adam , Bahadurzada Hassina , Phillips Russell S. , Sinaiko Anna D. , Singer Sara J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe study aims to analyze the relationship between care integration and care quality, and to examine if the relationship varies by patient risk.Data Sources and Study SettingThe key independent variables used validated measures derived from a provider survey of functional (i.e., administrative and clinical systems) and social (i.e., patient integration, professional cooperation, professional coordination) integration. Survey responses represented data from a stratified sample of 59 practice sites from 17 health systems. Dependent variables included three quality measures constructed from patient‐level Medicare data: colorectal cancer screening among patients at risk, patient‐level 30‐day readmission, and a practice‐level Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) composite measure of publicly reported, individual measures of ambulatory clinical quality performance.Data Collection/Extraction MethodWe obtained quality‐ and beneficiary‐level covariate data for the 41,966 Medicare beneficiaries served by the 59 practices in our survey sample.Study DesignWe estimated hierarchical linear models to examine the association between care integration and care quality and the moderating effect of patients' clinical risk score. We graphically visualized the moderating effects at ±1 standard deviation of our z‐standardized independent and moderating variables and performed simple slope tests.Principal FindingsOur analyses uncovered a strong positive relationship between social integration, specifically patient integration, and the quality of care a patient receives (e.g., a 1‐point increase in a practice's patient integration was associated with 0.31‐point higher HEDIS composite score, p < 0.01). Further, we documented positive and significant associations between aspects of social and functional integration on quality of care based on patient risk.ConclusionsThe findings suggest social integration matters for improving the quality of care and that the relationship of integration to quality is not uniform for all patients. Policymakers and practitioners considering structural integrations of health systems should direct attention beyond structure to consider the potential for social integration to impact outcomes and how that might be achieved.
Application of Gaussian Beam Summation Migration in Reflected In‐seam Wave Imaging
Authors: HAN Jianguang , LÜ Qingtian , ZHANG Zhiheng , YANG Shun , WANG Shuo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe geological conditions for coal mining in China are complex, with various structural issues such as faults and collapsed columns seriously compromising the safety of coal mine production. In‐seam wave exploration is an effective technique for acquiring detailed information on geological structures in coal seam working faces. However, the existing reflected in‐seam wave imaging technique can no longer meet the exploration precision requirements, making it imperative to develop a new reflected in‐seam wave imaging technique. This study applies the Gaussian beam summation (GBS) migration method to imaging coal seams' reflected in‐seam wave data. Firstly, with regard to the characteristics of the reflected in‐seam wave data, methods such as wavefield removal and enveloped superposition are employed for the corresponding wavefield separation, wave train compression and other processing of reflected in‐seam waves. Thereafter, imaging is performed using the GBS migration technique. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method for reflected in‐seam wave imaging are validated by conducting GBS migration tests on 3D coal‐seam fault models with different dip angles and throws. By applying the method to reflected in‐seam wave data for an actual coal seam working face, accurate imaging of a fault structure is obtained, thereby validating its practicality.
Unfavorable cancer mortality‐to‐incidence ratios in patients with schizophrenia: A nationwide cohort study in Taiwan, 2000–2019
Authors: Cheng Chu‐Syuan , Chen Wen‐Yin , Chang Hu‐Ming , Pan Chun‐Hung , Su Sheng‐Siang , Tsai Shang‐Ying , Chen Chiao‐Chicy , Kuo Chian‐Jue 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesStudies on cancer incidence and mortality in patients with schizophrenia have reported inconsistent findings. In this study, we simultaneously investigated cancer incidence and mortality in patients with schizophrenia and evaluated the cancer mortality‐to‐incidence ratio (MIR), which is rare in the literature.MethodsFrom the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database, we collected the data of 107,489 patients who received a diagnosis of schizophrenia between 2000 and 2019. Data regarding cancer incidence and mortality were obtained from the Taiwan Cancer Registry and National Mortality Database, respectively. In total, 3881 incident cancer cases and 2288 cancer mortality cases were identified. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs), mortality rate ratios (MRRs), and MIRs were compared between patients with schizophrenia and the general population.ResultsThe overall rate of cancer incidence was slightly lower (SIR: 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.92–0.98; p < 0.001) and that of cancer mortality was higher (MRR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.23–1.3; p < 0.001) in patients with schizophrenia than in the general population. The MIR for overall cancer was significantly higher in the patients with schizophrenia. The relative MIR (MIR of patients with schizophrenia divided by that of the general population) was 1.36 (95% CI: 1.30–1.42).ConclusionThe MIR was significantly higher in the patients with schizophrenia than in the general population, indicating the possible presence of healthcare disparities. Additional studies are required to investigate the potential association between the significantly higher MIR in patients with schizophrenia and healthcare disparities.
Sesame eliciting and safe doses in a large sesame allergic population
Authors: Nachshon Liat , Westerhout Joost , Blom W. Marty , Remington Benjamin , Levy Michael B. , Goldberg Michael R. , Epstein‐Rigbi Naama , Katz Yitzhak , Elizur Arnon 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundSesame is a significant food allergen causing severe and even fatal reactions. Given its increasing prevalence in western diet, sesame is listed as an allergenic food requiring labeling in the United States and EU. However, data on the population reaction doses to sesame are limited.MethodsAll sesame oral food challenges (OFCs), performed either for diagnosis or for threshold identification before the beginning of sesame oral immunotherapy (OIT) between November 2011 and July 2021 in Shamir medical center were analyzed for reaction threshold distribution. Safe‐dose challenges with 90–120 min intervals were also analyzed.ResultsTwo hundred and fifty patients underwent 338 positive OFCs, and additional 158 safe‐dose OFCs were performed. The discrete and cumulative protein amounts estimated to elicit an objective reaction in 1% (ED01) of the entire cohort (n = 250) were 0.8 mg (range 0.3–6.3) and 0.7 mg (range 0.1–7.1), respectively, and those for 5% of the population (ED05) were 3.4 mg (range 1.2–20.6) and 4.5 mg (range 1.2–28.8), respectively. Safe‐dose OFCs showed similar values of ED01 (0.8, 0.4–7.5 mg) and ED05 (3.4, 1.2–22.9 mg). While doses of ≤1 mg sesame protein elicited oral pruritus in 11.6% of the patients, no objective reaction was documented to this amount in any of the challenges, including safe‐dose OFCs.ConclusionsThis study provides data on sesame reaction threshold distribution in the largest population of allergic patients studied, with no right or left censored data, and with validation using a safe‐dose OFC. It further supports the current methods for ED determination as appropriate for establishing safety precautions for the food industry.
Outcomes of primary leadless pacemaker implantation: A systematic review
Authors: Noor Tayyiba Ahmed , Rana Muhammad Omer Rehman , Kumari Sapna , Umer Bakht , Malik Jahanzeb , Ashraf Amna , Faraz Maria , Hussain Tabligh , Awais Muhammad , Mehmoodi Amin , Hayat Azmat 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundDuring the last decade, leadless pacemakers (LPMs) have turned into a prevalent alternative to traditional transvenous (TV) pacemakers; however, there is no consolidated data on LPM implantation in emergencies.MethodsDigital databases were searched for this review and four relevant studies, including 1276 patients were included in this review with procedure duration, fluoroscopic time, major complications, and mortality as primary outcomes and pacing threshold, impedance, sensing of LPM, and hospital stay as secondary outcomes.ResultsGonzales et al. and Marschall et al. showed the duration of the procedure to be 180 ± 45 versus 324.6 ± 92 and 39.9 ± 8.7 versus 54.9 ± 9.8, respectively. Zhang et al. demonstrated the duration of the procedure and fluoroscopy time to be 36 ± 13.4 and 11.1 ± 3.1, respectively. Similarly, Schiavone et al. exhibited intermediate times of implantation at 60 (45–80) versus 50 (40–65) and fluoroscopic times at 6.5 (5–9.7) versus 5.1 (3.1–9). Hospital stay was more with a temp‐perm pacemaker as compared to LPM and pacing parameters were not significantly different in all the studies.ConclusionFor underlying arrhythmias, whenever appropriate, our review shows that LPMs may be a better option than temporary pacemakers, even as an urgent treatment.
Case Report: CAR‐T cells and subsequent maintenance with ponatinib in an adult Philadelphia acute lymphoblastic leukemia patient with hematological and extramedullary relapse after allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Canale Filippo Antonio , Pitea Martina , Alati Caterina , Porto Gaetana , Pratico Giulia , Utano Giovanna , Germanò Jessyca , Imbalzano Lucrezia , Ferreri Anna , Verduci Chiara , Santoro Ludovica , Policastro Giorgia , Loteta Barbara , Pugliese Marta , Martino Massimo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRelapsed or refractory (r/r) Philadelphia chromosome–positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) still represent an unmet clinical need despite the new immune therapies available for these patients. We report the case of a Ph + ALL relapsed one year after allogeneic stem cell transplant. After one DLI was started CAR‐T program with brexucabtageneautoleucel, using as bridging treatment ponatinib, vincristine and prednisone. Brexu‐cel infusion was performed in 2023, without CRS or ICANS onset. One month after Brexu‐cel infusion BM aspirate and CT‐PET showed recovery of full donor chimerism, MRD negativity and complete metabolic remission. Subsequently was started maintenance with ponatinib: at last follow‐up, the patient persisted in leukemia‐free status. CAR‐T cells represent the most powerful treatment for r/r Ph + ALL but there is no consensus about the optimal bridging strategy and also regarding the management algorithm during “post CAR‐T phase”. Here, we report the efficacy of ponatinib as a bridge to anti‐CD19 CAR‐T cell therapy and as post CAR‐T maintenance. Our experience suggests that a preserving approach with TKI associated to low‐dose chemotherapy can be the optimal bridging therapy prior to CAR‐T and that an “MRD‐guided” and “TKI‐based” maintenance strategy can represent the best choice for Ph + ALL which satisfactorily responds to CAR‐T.