bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity in a superlattice of antiferromagnetic perovskite oxides without ferroelectric polarization
Authors: Rout Paresh C. , Ray Avijeet , Schwingenschlögl Udo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe study the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of the SrCrO3/YCrO3 superlattice and their dependence on epitaxial strain. We discover that the superlattice adopts A-type antiferromagnetic (A-AFM) ordering in contrast to its constituents (SrCrO3: C-AFM; YCrO3: G-AFM) and retains it under compressive strain while becoming ferromagnetic (5 μB per formula unit) at +1% strain. The obtained ferroelectric polarization is significantly higher than that of the R2NiMnO6/La2NiMnO6 (R = Ce to Er) series of superlattices [Nat. Commun. 5, 4021 (2014)] due to a large difference between the antipolar displacements of the Sr and Y cations. The superlattice is a hybrid-improper multiferroic material with a spontaneous ferroelectric polarization (13.5 μC/cm2) approaching that of bulk BaTiO3 (19 μC/cm2). The combination of ferromagnetism with ferroelectricity enables multistate memory applications. In addition, the charge-order-driven p-type semiconducting state of the ferromagnetic phase (despite the metallic nature of SrCrO3) is a rare property and interesting for spintronics. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate a magnetic critical temperature of 90 K for the A-AFM phase without strain and of 115 K for the ferromagnetic phase at +5% strain, for example.
Monthly quasi-periodic eruptions from repeated stellar disruption by a massive black hole
Authors: Evans P. A. , Nixon C. J. , Campana S. , Charalampopoulos P. , Perley D. A. , Breeveld A. A. , Page K. L. , Oates S. R. , Eyles-Ferris R. A. J. , Malesani D. B. , Izzo L. , Goad M. R. , O’Brien P. T. , Osborne J. P. , Sbarufatti B. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn recent years, searches of archival X-ray data have revealed galaxies exhibiting nuclear quasi-periodic eruptions with periods of several hours. These are reminiscent of the tidal disruption of a star by a supermassive black hole. The repeated, partial stripping of a white dwarf in an eccentric orbit around an ~105 M⊙ black hole provides an attractive model. A separate class of periodic nuclear transients, with much longer timescales, have recently been discovered optically and may arise from the partial stripping of a main-sequence star by an ~107 M⊙ black hole. No clear connection between these classes has been made. We present the discovery of an X-ray nuclear transient that shows quasi-periodic outbursts with a period of weeks. We discuss possible origins for the emission and propose that this system bridges the two existing classes outlined above. This discovery was made possible by the rapid identification, dissemination and follow-up of an X-ray transient found by the new live Swift-XRT transient detector, demonstrating the importance of low-latency, sensitive searches for X-ray transients.
Applying FAIR4RS principles to develop an integrated modeling environment for the magnetic confinement fusion
Authors: Liu Xiaojuan , Yu Zhi , Xiang Nong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOver the decades, the integrated modeling (IM) environment for magnetically confined fusion has evolved from a single, isolated, proprietary numerical computing software to an open, flexible platform emphasizing sharing, communication, and workflow. This development direction is consistent with the FAIR4RS principles put forward by the scientific community in recent years. In this article, we describe how the FAIR4RS principles were put into practice during the development of the IM management tool FyDev for the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). FyDev integrates the process of building, deploying, and invoking research software, automating the entire process. FyDev can also assign a unique ID for each software, convert the software ID to a Python module, and encapsulate a package management tool to enhance the software building process, ensuring consistency throughout the entire phase of the research software find, access, use, and invocation in a uniform contextual environment.
Quantifying the behavioural consequences of shark ecotourism
Authors: Gayford Joel H. , Pearse William D. , De La Parra Venegas Rafael , Whitehead Darren A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractShark populations globally are facing catastrophic declines. Ecotourism has been posited as a potential solution to many of the issues facing shark conservation, yet increasingly studies suggest that such activity may negatively influence aspects of shark ecology and so further pressure declining populations. Here we combine UAV videography with deep learning algorithms, multivariate statistics and hidden Markov models (HMM) to quantitatively investigate the behavioural consequences of ecotourism in the whale shark (Rhincodon typus). We find that ecotourism increases the probability of sharks being in a disturbed behavioural state, likely increasing energetic expenditure and potentially leading to downstream ecological effects. These results are only recovered when fitting models that account for individual variation in behavioural responses and past behavioural history. Our results demonstrate that behavioural responses to ecotourism are context dependent, as the initial behavioural state is important in determining responses to human activity. We argue that models incorporating individuality and context-dependence should, wherever possible, be incorporated into future studies investigating the ecological impacts of shark ecotourism, which are only likely to increase in importance given the expansion of the industry and the dire conservation status of many shark species.
Quantifying systemic molecular networks affected during high altitude de-acclimatization
Authors: Paul Subhojit , Jain Shikha , Gangwar Anamika , Mohanty Swaraj , Khan Nilofar , Ahmad Yasmin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHigh altitude acclimatization and disease have been the centerpiece of investigations concerning human health at high altitude. Almost all investigations have focused on either understanding and ameliorating high altitude disease or finding better methods of acclimatization/training at high altitude. The aspect of altitude de-induction/de-acclimatization has remained clouded despite the fact that it was documented since the first decade of twentieth century. A few recent studies, particularly in China, have stated unanimously that high altitude de-acclimatization involved multiple observable clinical symptoms ranging from headache to abdominal distention. These symptoms have been collectively referred to as “high altitude de-acclimatization syndrome” (HADAS). However, computational omics and network biology centric investigations concerning HADAS are nascent. In this study, we focus on the quantitative proteo-informatics, especially network biology, of human plasma proteome in individuals who successfully descended from high altitude areas after a stay of 120 days. In brief, the protein list was uploaded into STRING and IPA to compute z-score based cut-offs which were used to analyze the directionality and significance of various identified protein networks as well as the proteins within them. Relevant upstream regulators extracted using computational strategies were also validated. Time-points till the 180th day of de-induction have been investigated to comparatively assess the changes in the plasma proteome and protein pathways of such individuals since the 7th day of arrival at altitude. Our investigation revealed extensive effects of de-induction on lipid metabolism, inflammation and innate immune system as well as coagulation system. This novel study provides a conceptual framework for formulating therapeutic strategies to ease the symptoms of HADAS during de-acclimatization. Such strategies should focus on normalization of lipid metabolism, inflammatory signaling and coagulation systems.
Assessment of the superior photocatalytic properties of Sn2+-containing SnO2 microrods on the photodegradation of methyl orange
Authors: Jorgetto Alexandre de Oliveira , Boldrin Zanoni Maria Valnice , Orlandi Marcelo Ornaghi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA microporous Sn2+-containing SnO2 material presenting microrod morphology and a surface area of 93.0 m2 g–1 was synthesized via a simple hydrothermal route. Sn2+ ions were detected in the interior of the material (15.8 at.%) after the corrosion of a sample through sputtering. The material’s optical properties have demonstrated the absorption of a considerable fraction of visible light up to wavelengths of 671 nm, due to the presence of Sn2+ states in the material’s band structure. The analysis of the internal crystalline structure of a single microrod was carried out with the aid of a focused ion beam microscope and indicated that the material is mesocrystalline down to nanoscale level. It was proposed that the Sn2+ ions occupy intergranular sites in the highly defective crystalline structure of the material and that Sn2+ states, as well as its relatively large surface area, are responsible for the material’s superior photoactivity. The synthesized material was tested as a photocatalyst to decompose hazardous contaminants in water. The photocatalytic performance of the material was much higher than those of commercial TiO2 and SnO2 materials, decomposing nearly all methyl orange (an azo-dye model) content in water (10 mg L–1) in 6 min under UV irradiation for a photocatalyst dose of 5.33 g L–1. The photodegradation of methyl orange was also verified under visible light.
Effects of localization of uterine adenomyosis on clinical features and pregnancy outcome
Authors: Shi Jinghua , Wu Yushi , Li Xiaoyan , Gu Zhiyue , Zhang Chenyu , Yan Hailan , Dai Yi , Leng Jinhua 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to implore the association among clinical features, long-term fertility outcomes and the anatomical location of adenomyosis identified by ultrasound. We collected data of non-pregnant patients between 20 and 40 years old who had undergone surgical exploration for benign gynecological conditions at our institution between January 2010 and December 2017. A total of 158 women met the inclusion criteria and were allocated into three groups according to the ultrasound-determined adenomyosis anatomical location: anterior (Group A), posterior (Group B), both posterior and anterior (Group C). 44.3% (70/158) adenomyosis was located at the posterior side. History of miscarriage and parity were significantly higher in Group C (p = 0.036 and 0.001 respectively). Group C also had a higher concurrence rate of ovarian endometrioma (OEM) (80.4%, p = 0.002), pelvic adhesion (80.4%, P = 0.003) and the revised American Fertility Society (rAFS) Score (median64, range2-100, P < 0.001), while a significantly lower rate of concurrent peritoneal endometriosis (P = 0.01). Group B showed a relative higher rate of coexistent heavy menstrual bleeding (28.6%, p = 0.04) and oviduct obstruction (24.3%, P = 0.038). Group A had a higher proportion of coexistent leiomyoma (53.1%, P = 0.002). There were no significant differences between group A, B, and C in terms of pain symptoms, endometrial polyps, operation time, and endometriosis fertility index score and other basic characters (p > 0.05). During the follow-up, 59.2% (61/103) patients had clinical pregnancies, and 26.2% (16/61) of them experienced pregnancy loss. Total in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer pregnancy rate was 64.6% (42/65) and spontaneous pregnancy rate was 50.0% (19/38). The Kaplan–Meier curves demonstrated significant lower cumulative pregnancy rate in Group C than Group A and Group B (p = 0.01). Severe obstetric complications such as placenta previa, placenta accreta, preeclampsia, and preterm birth were only found in women with adenomyosis located in the posterior side. In conclusion, types of adenomyosis based on sonographic location had different clinical features and pregnancy outcome. Patients with adenomyosis lesion in both anterior and posterior sides had higher combination of OEM, pelvic adhesion and rAFS score.
A new large-scale gravitational complex discovered in the Gulf of Squillace (central Mediterranean): tectonic implications
Authors: Mangano Giacomo , Ceramicola Silvia , Alves Tiago M. , Zecchin Massimo , Civile Dario , Del Ben Anna , Critelli Salvatore 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSeismic reflection (2D/3D), borehole and bathymetric data are used to recognize a new gravitational complex in the Gulf of Squillace, Southern Italy, named the Squillace Complex. The complex has a NE-striking headwall connected to a basal detachment formed between Messinian evaporites and Tortonian shales. Its sense of movement changes to a W–E direction in the toe region. In plan view, the Squillace Complex is marked by the presence of sinuous and continuous seafloor scarps, just a few kilometers offshore, over an elongated morphological high. Seismic-well ties reveal that the complex was initiated in the Zanclean (~ 4 Ma) and continued its movement into the Gelasian (~ 2.1 Ma) at an average rate of 1.9 mm/year. Movement slowed down in the Calabrian (middle Pleistocene) and continued until the present day at a lower rate of 0.1 mm/year. Gravitational collapse of the Squillace Complex correlates with discrete contractional/transpressional events affecting the Calabrian region, which caused basin shortening and the temporary arrest of Calabrian Arc migration. These episodes resulted in tectonic uplift in the study area after 0.45 Ma (Late Pleistocene). Conversely, the complex’s slower movement recorded since the Calabrian (middle Pleistocene) is associated with slab rollback of the Ionian plate under the Calabrian Arc.
Joint effects of individual reading skills and word properties on Chinese children’s eye movements during sentence reading
Authors: Yan Ming , Pan Jinger 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWord recognition during the reading of continuous text has received much attention. While a large body of research has investigated how linguistic properties of words affect eye movements during reading, it remains to be established how individual differences in reading skills affect momentary cognitive processes during sentence reading among typically developing Chinese readers. The present study set out to test the joint influences of word properties and individual reading skills on eye movements during reading among Chinese children. We recorded eye movements of 30 grade 3 (G3) children and 27 grade 5 (G5) children when they read sentences silently for comprehension. Predictors of linear mixed models included word frequency, visual complexity, and launch site distance, in addition to the participants’ offline psychometric performances in rapid naming, morphological awareness, word segmenting, and character recognition. The results showed that word properties affected word recognition during sentence reading in both G3 and G5 children. Moreover, word segmenting predicted the G3 children’s fixation durations and the G5 children’s fixation location, whereas rapid naming predicted the G5 children’s fixation duration. Implications are discussed based on the current findings, in light of how different literacy skills contribute to reading development.
Chaos-based block permutation and dynamic sequence multiplexing for video encryption
Authors: Wen Heping , Lin Yiting , Xie Zhiyu , Liu Tengyu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a video security transmission enhancement algorithm based on block permutation and dynamic multiplexing sequences encryption based on 4D autonomous hyperchaotic system. Firstly, we employ the block permutation encryption and diffusion confusion encryption module, which is based on dynamic multiplexing chaotic sequences, to encrypt the plaintext and obtain the ciphertext. Subsequently, the hash value of this round’s ciphertext is utilized to generate the chaotic key, produced by the multiplexing sequence of this round after mathematical processing. Then, the key is used to generate the chaotic sequence to confuse the N-th of the multiplexed sequence, and the next round of multiplexed sequence is obtained. If the current round of chaotic sequence has been completely confused, the chaotic sequence is re-generated to generate a new multiplex sequence by using the key generated by the current round key and the initial key. Finally, the above steps are repeated for the encryption of each frame of the video. Compared with the traditional permutation coding algorithm, it increases the difficulty of estimation or recognition while ensuring efficiency, and effectively improves the avalanche effect of the algorithm. Through frame by frame ciphertext closed-loop feedback, it has the ability to resist known plaintext attack and selected plaintext attack. The results show that the scheme has high security and significant diffusion characteristics, and can effectively resist various common cryptographic attacks.
Integrative blood-based characterization of oxidative mitochondrial DNA damage variants implicates Mexican American’s metabolic risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Reid Danielle Marie , Barber Robert C. , Jones Harlan P. , Thorpe Roland J. , Sun Jie , Zhou Zhengyang , Phillips Nicole R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAlzheimer’s Disease (AD) continues to be a leading cause of death in the US. As the US aging population (ages 65 +) expands, the impact will disproportionately affect vulnerable populations, e.g., Hispanic/Latino population, due to their AD-related health disparities. Age-related regression in mitochondrial activity and ethnic-specific differences in metabolic burden could potentially explain in part the racial/ethnic distinctions in etiology that exist for AD. Oxidation of guanine (G) to 8-oxo-guanine (8oxoG) is a prevalent lesion and an indicator of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Damaged mtDNA (8oxoG) can serve as an important marker of age-related systemic metabolic dysfunction and upon release into peripheral circulation may exacerbate pathophysiology contributing to AD development and/or progression. Analyzing blood samples from Mexican American (MA) and non-Hispanic White (NHW) participants enrolled in the Texas Alzheimer’s Research & Care Consortium, we used blood-based measurements of 8oxoG from both buffy coat PBMCs and plasma to determine associations with population, sex, type-2 diabetes, and AD risk. Our results show that 8oxoG levels in both buffy coat and plasma were significantly associated with population, sex, years of education, and reveal a potential association with AD. Furthermore, MAs are significantly burdened by mtDNA oxidative damage in both blood fractions, which may contribute to their metabolic vulnerability to developing AD.
Clustering microbiome data using mixtures of logistic normal multinomial models
Authors: Fang Yuan , Subedi Sanjeena 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDiscrete data such as counts of microbiome taxa resulting from next-generation sequencing are routinely encountered in bioinformatics. Taxa count data in microbiome studies are typically high-dimensional, over-dispersed, and can only reveal relative abundance therefore being treated as compositional. Analyzing compositional data presents many challenges because they are restricted to a simplex. In a logistic normal multinomial model, the relative abundance is mapped from a simplex to a latent variable that exists on the real Euclidean space using the additive log-ratio transformation. While a logistic normal multinomial approach brings flexibility for modeling the data, it comes with a heavy computational cost as the parameter estimation typically relies on Bayesian techniques. In this paper, we develop a novel mixture of logistic normal multinomial models for clustering microbiome data. Additionally, we utilize an efficient framework for parameter estimation using variational Gaussian approximations (VGA). Adopting a variational Gaussian approximation for the posterior of the latent variable reduces the computational overhead substantially. The proposed method is illustrated on simulated and real datasets.
Changes in health behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic and effect on weight and obesity among older people in England
Authors: Zhu Jingmin , Di Gessa Giorgio , Zaninotto Paola 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDuring COVID-19 lockdown, negative changes in health behaviours have been reported in European older adults. However, less is known about the consequences of these changes on weight gain and obesity, especially in older adults living in England. This study explored the association of health behaviour changes with weight and obesity in English older adults aged 50 years and older, during lockdowns in 2020. We included 4182 participants of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing COVID-19 sub-study in June/July and Nov/Dec 2020 who also had pre-pandemic data. Perceived changes in health behaviours were regressed on weight and obesity, adjusted for pre-pandemic weight or obesity, and several covariates. Results suggested that less exercise, more sedentariness, eating more and alcohol drinking were associated with a significant increase in weight at both timepoints. Meanwhile, less sedentariness and eating less significantly reduced weight in Nov/Dec 2020. A higher risk of obesity at both timepoints was found in adults sitting, eating, or sleeping more than usual. To conclude, during UK lockdown, older people who engaged in risky health behaviours were at higher risks of weight gain and obesity both in the short run and long term. Considering potential health risks associated with obesity and disruptions in routine lifestyle in the older population even after the pandemic, improved weight management interventions are necessary nationwide.