bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lyman-α feedback prevails at Cosmic Dawn: implications for the first galaxies, stars, and star clusters
Authors: Nebrin Olof , Smith Aaron , Lorinc Kevin , Hörnquist Johan , Larson Åsa , Mellema Garrelt , Giri Sambit K 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Radiation pressure from Lyman-$\alpha$ (Ly$\alpha$) scattering is a potentially dominant form of early stellar feedback, capable of injecting up to $\sim 100 \, \times$ more momentum into the interstellar medium (ISM) than ultraviolet continuum radiation pressure and stellar winds. Ly$\alpha$ feedback is particularly strong in dust-poor environments and is thus especially important during the formation of the first stars and galaxies. As upcoming galaxy formation simulations incorporate Ly$\alpha$ feedback, it is crucial to consider processes that can limit it to avoid placing Lambda-cold dark matter in apparent tension with recent JWST observations indicating efficient star formation at Cosmic Dawn. We study Ly$\alpha$ feedback using a novel analytical Ly$\alpha$ radiative transfer solution that includes the effects of continuum absorption, gas velocity gradients, Ly$\alpha$ destruction (e.g. by $2p \rightarrow 2s$ transitions), ISM turbulence, and atomic recoil. We verify our solution for uniform clouds using extensive Monte Carlo radiative transfer (MCRT) tests, and resolve a previous discrepancy between analytical and MCRT predictions. We then study the sensitivity of Ly$\alpha$ feedback to the aforementioned effects. While these can dampen Ly$\alpha$ feedback by a factor $\lesssim \textrm {few} \times 10$, we find it remains $\gtrsim 5 - 100 \, \times$ stronger than direct radiation pressure and therefore cannot be neglected. We provide an accurate fit for the Ly$\alpha$ force multiplier $M_{\rm F}$, suitable for implementation in subgrid models for galaxy formation simulations. Our findings highlight the critical role of Ly$\alpha$ feedback in regulating star formation at Cosmic Dawn, and underscore the necessity of incorporating it into simulations to accurately model early galaxy evolution.
Signatures of high-redshift galactic outflows in the thermal Sunyaev Zel’dovich effect
Authors: Sun Guochao , Furlanetto Steven R , Lidz Adam 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Anisotropies of the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) effect serve as a powerful probe of the thermal history of the universe. At high redshift, hot galactic outflows driven by supernovae (SNe) can inject a significant amount of thermal energy into the intergalactic medium, causing a strong y-type distortion of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) spectrum through inverse Compton scattering. The resulting anisotropies of the y-type distortion are sensitive to key physical properties of high-z galaxies pertaining to the launch of energetic SNe-driven outflows, such as the efficiency and the spatio-temporal clustering of star formation. We develop a simple analytic framework to calculate anisotropies of y-type distortion associated with SNe-powered outflows of galaxies at $z\gt 6$. We show that galactic outflows are likely the dominant source of thermal energy injection, compared to contributions from reionized bubbles and gravitational heating. We further show that next-generation CMB experiments such as LiteBIRD are likely to detect the contribution to y anisotropies from high-z galactic outflows through the cross-correlation with surveys of Lyman-break galaxies by e.g. the Roman Space Telescope. Our analysis and forecasts demonstrate that thermal SZ anisotropies can be a promising probe of SN feedback and outflows in early star-forming galaxies.
Selecting genes for analysis using historically contingent progress: from RNA changes to protein–protein interactions
Authors: Lalit Farhaan , Jose Antony M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Progress in biology has generated numerous lists of genes that share some property. But advancing from these lists of genes to understanding their roles is slow and unsystematic. Here we use RNA silencing in Caenorhabditis elegans to illustrate an approach for prioritizing genes for detailed study given limited resources. The partially subjective relationships between genes forged by both deduced functional relatedness and biased progress in the field were captured as mutual information and used to cluster genes that were frequently identified yet remain understudied. Some proteins encoded by these understudied genes are predicted to physically interact with known regulators of RNA silencing, suggesting feedback regulation. Predicted interactions with proteins that act in other processes and the clustering of studied genes among the most frequently perturbed suggest regulatory links connecting RNA silencing to other processes like the cell cycle and asymmetric cell division. Thus, among the gene products altered when a process is perturbed could be regulators of that process acting to restore homeostasis, which provides a way to use RNA sequencing to identify candidate protein–protein interactions. Together, the analysis of perturbed transcripts and potential interactions of the proteins they encode could help prioritize candidate regulators of any process.
Predicting critical surgical characteristics of intracranial meningiomas on MRI—A prospective study on 100 consecutive patients
Authors: Winter Fabian , Furtner Julia , Dunst Astrid , Kasprian Gregor , Weber Michael , Woehrer Adelheid , Roessler Karl , Dorfer Christian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to identify magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers predictive of essential surgical characteristics in meningiomas, including consistency, ease of dissection of meningioma from surrounding brain tissue, and vascularity, which are crucial for surgical decisions and outcomes.

Methods
We conducted preoperative MRI using a standardized protocol to measure signal intensities (SI) within meningiomas. Additionally, we administered intraoperative questionnaires and performed histological analyses on each tumor.

Results
A total of 100 consecutive patients (mean age, 58 years ± 13, 69 female) were enrolled in this prospective clinical trial. Meningioma volumes varied (0.4–185.6 cm3) with surgeries lasting on average 176 min (range 35–610 min). SI measurements on T1-weighted, time-of-flight (TOF), and T2-weighted imaging were significantly associated with tumor consistency and vascularity. Specifically, the sensitivity and specificity for predicting consistency grades above 3 (on a 1–5 grade scale) were 75% and 55% postcontrast on T1-weighted imaging (SI ≥ 711) and 73% and 70% on TOF imaging (SI ≥ 124.5). For vascularity grades above 5 (on a 1–10 grade scale), the values were 73% sensitivity and 54% specificity on TOF imaging (SI ≥ 123). No correlation was found between the surgical cleavage plane and MRI data; however, dissection plane type significantly influenced surgery duration and hospitalization length. A lower SI on T2-weighted imaging correlated with specific histological features.

Conclusion
Key surgical aspects of meningiomas can be predicted using conventional MRI sequences. This may improve patient counseling and surgical planning.
When politicians feel pressure to represent: Evidence from South Africa
Authors: Mugglin Leonie , Murahwa Brian , Ruedin Didier 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article explores whether representatives from minority groups feel under pressure to represent the group they are associated with. We use a representative survey experiment in South Africa (N = 1,252), combined with semi-structured interviews with elected representatives (N = 25). In the survey, there are clear expectations in the population that groups should be represented by a member of ‘their’ group. However, in the survey experiment which captures a behavioural response, members of the general population do not trust representatives of ‘their’ group more. In the interviews, the representatives confirm that they are aware of the expectations of the population, and to some extent feel under pressure to represent the group they are associated with and its interests. They often express a reluctance to represent groups because they want to focus on substantive issues. From their perspective, there is a tension between representing groups and norms against clientelism.
Red peel regulator 1 links ethylene response factor 25 and β-citraurin biosynthetic genes to regulate ethylene-induced peel reddening in citrus
Authors: Sun Quan , He Zhengchen , Wei Ranran , Ye Junli , Chai Lijun , Cheng Yunjiang , Xu Qiang , Deng Xiuxin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The reddish apocarotenoid β-citraurin, produced by CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE 4b (CsCCD4b), is responsible for peel reddening in citrus (Citrus spp.). Ethylene induces the characteristic red color of citrus peel, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unclear. Here, we identified red peel regulator 1 (CsRP1), a trihelix transcriptional activator that regulates ethylene-induced peel reddening by directly binding to a key V-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog (MYB)-binding site in the CsCCD4b promoter, thus activating its transcription. Furthermore, 2 drought-responsive cis-elements in the CsRP1 promoter are bound by the ethylene response factor ethylene response factor 25 (CsERF25). We reconstructed the CsERF25–CsRP1–CsCCD4b transcriptional regulatory cascade through transient expression of CsERF25 and CsRP1 in citrus peel and via stable transformation of citrus calli. In this cascade, CsERF25 expression was induced by ethylene to activate CsRP1 expression, and then, CsRP1 directly induced CsCCD4b transcription to catalyze β-citraurin biosynthesis. CsRP1 and CsERF25 also bound to the promoters of other carotenogenic genes and induced their transcription, thereby promoting β-citraurin accumulation. Collectively, our findings reveal a complex regulatory network modulating ethylene-induced citrus peel reddening and provide innovative strategies for improving the nutritional and esthetic values of citrus and other fruit crops.
Repertoires of research value: performing societal impact across countries
Authors: Williams Kate , Michalska Sandra 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In recent years, research policy has increasingly prioritized the societal impact of academic work, emphasizing external relevance, public value, and collective benefit. In many countries, a wealth of data has been generated by national assessments that require universities to submit narratives on their contributions outside the academy. Despite this, limited attention has been paid to variation in the expression of research value between countries with similar policy frameworks. This article draws on a mixed method analysis, integrating a quantitative embeddings approach and qualitative content analysis, to analyse a dataset of 7,275 impact case studies from the United Kingdom, Hong Kong and Australia. By examining ‘cultural repertoires’—the knowledge, skills, and symbols that inform action—the study reveals that, despite convergence in research policy and assessment, the expression of research value diverges significantly across countries. The findings highlight the nuanced connection between global policy trends and local cultural contexts, offering new insights into how research value is performed in diverse national settings.
Treatment-emergent major adverse cardiovascular and thromboembolic events were infrequent during clinical trials of pegloticase
Authors: Troum Orrin M , Duong Mai , Obermeyer Katie , Padnick-Silver Lissa , LaMoreaux Brian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Long-term maintenance of serum urate levels &lt;6 mg/dl reduces gout flare frequency. However, urate-lowering therapy (ULT) initiation can induce gout flare. The incidence of thromboembolic (TE) and cardiovascular (CV) events has been shown to increase in the 30 and 120 days following gout flare, respectively; therefore, the question of ULT initiation increasing patient risk for CV/TE events has been raised. Here, we investigate CV/TE event incidence following pegloticase initiation in clinical trials.

Methods
This post hoc analysis of pooled data from four trials examined treatment-emergent gout flare and CV/TE events in patients with uncontrolled gout. Studies included two phase 3 trials (NCT00325195), the MIRROR open-label trial (NCT03635957), and the MIRROR randomized controlled trial (NCT03994731). Per protocol, pegloticase (8 mg) was administered every 2 (all trials) or 4 weeks (phase 3 trials); data from the first 24 weeks of therapy were included in this analysis. Some MIRROR patients received MTX (15 mg/week) as co-therapy. Based on prior studies, the high-risk window for CV/TE events was defined as 120 days following flare onset.

Results
Overall, 5/328 (1.5%) patients experienced ≥1 CV/TE event during pegloticase treatment, including 3/244 (1.2%) patients who received on-label (biweekly) dosing (35.4 events/1000 person-years). All events occurred within the 120-day gout flare exposure window.

Conclusions
CV/TE event incidence during pegloticase treatment was similar to the general gout population (31.7 events/1000 person-years). These findings suggest that pegloticase initiation does not put patients at a higher risk for CV/TE events.
The One Health approach to Strongyloides stercoralis
Authors: Lyu Jiayin , Fu Xiaoyin , Liu Dengyu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The One Health concept systematically considers the health of humans, animals and the environment, emphasizing population and ecosystem health based on individual health. Strongyloides stercoralis is a soil-transmitted opportunistic pathogenic parasite that can cause strongyloidiasis in both humans and animals, potentially leading to severe disease or even death in immunocompromised hosts. This article outlines the epidemiological status, diagnosis and treatment methods of strongyloidiasis. It also discusses effective response strategies based on the One Health approach to actively cope with the zoonotic risk of S. stercoralis and promote human health development.
EU antitrust law’s resilience: the good, the bad, and the ugly
Authors: Kalintiri Andriani 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Is European Union (EU) antitrust law resilient in the face of change? This question has come into the spotlight amidst the many crises and disruptions of recent times, such as COVID-19, climate change, and digitalization. This article contributes to knowledge by developing a conceptual and analytical framework for understanding and assessing legal resilience and by applying it to Articles 101 and 102 TFEU with a view to investigating their resilience in a methodologically rigorous manner. As the analysis demonstrates, the legal resilience framework has descriptive and explanatory value and its application to EU antitrust law yields two important conclusions. On the one hand, the current regime is clearly not unable to deal with change, crises, and disruptions, and claims to this effect would be unfounded. On the other hand, EU antitrust law might struggle to embrace epistemic developments and address problems in circumstances of uncertainty and complexity, at least not without its predictability, coherence, and legitimacy becoming undermined. With these lessons in mind, the article considers how EU antitrust law’s resilience may be strengthened and offers various recommendations, taking into account ongoing policy initiatives and the recently published Draghi Report.
Sleep, Pain Catastrophizing, and Pain Intensity in Treatment Seeking Adults With Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Ault Abagail , Wilkerson Allison K. , McCauley Jenna L. , Muzzy Wendy , Mappin Georgia M. , Yonce Shayla , Barth Kelly S. , Brady Kathleen T. , George Mark S. , Wedin Sharlene , Christon Lillian M. , Flanagan Julianne C. , Yates-Johnson Anjinetta , Tutek Joshua , Lin Tao , Uhde Thomas W. , Borckardt Jeffrey J. 
Published: January 2025

Objectives:
Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a large, growing, and difficult-to-treat problem. It has been associated with poor sleep, which has a relationship of mutual exacerbation with pain. These interrelationships have prompted interest in how pain catastrophizing (pain-related distortions of cognition), interacts with pain and sleep quality and quantity in those with OUD.

Methods:
Participants with chronic pain and OUD (N = 105) completed a battery of self-report assessments. A subset of these participants (N = 63) wore an actigraphy watch for 2 weeks. Six mediation models were evaluated in this cross-sectional study interrelating pain intensity, pain catastrophizing, and sleep in previously published work were run 3 times each, measuring global sleep quality through the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, self-reported total sleep time (TST) through Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and objective TST through actigraphy.

Results:
Three models yielded statistically significant results: (1) the relationship between global sleep quality and pain intensity mediated by pain catastrophizing (z = −2.00, P = 0.045), (2) the relationship between objective TST and pain intensity mediated by pain catastrophizing (z = −2.15, P = 0.032), and (3) the relationship between pain intensity and objective TST mediated by pain catastrophizing (z = −2.36, P = 0.018).

Conclusion:
Pain catastrophizing is a significant mediator of the relationship between the mutually exacerbating factors of sleep quality and pain intensity, and is, therefore, an important treatment target in this population. In addition, objective TST and self-reported TST were only moderately correlated and behaved differently in mediation models, suggesting that more research is needed to understand the relationship between perceived sleep quality and sleep quantity.
Comparison between unilateral and bilateral clubfoot treated with Ponseti method at walking age: static and dynamic assessment
Authors: Sapienza Marco , Testa Gianluca , Vescio Andrea , Scuderi Beatrice , de Cristo Claudia , Lucenti Ludovico , Vaccalluzzo Marco Simone , Caldaci Alessia , Canavese Federico , Pavone Vito 
Published: January 2025

This study evaluated the static, postural, dynamic, and clinical outcomes among five groups of patients: a bilateral CTEV (congenital talipes equinovarus) group treated with tenotomy (n = 14), bilateral CTEV group treated conservatively (n = 6), unilateral CTEV group treated with tenotomy (n = 7), unilateral CTEV group treated conservatively (n = 3), and control group (n = 20). Data were collected through baropodometric examinations and clinical evaluations using Pirani, clubfoot assessment protocol, foot and ankle disability index (FADI), and American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society scores. Bilateral CTEV patients treated with tenotomy showed no statistically significant differences compared to healthy controls. Significant differences were found in lateral-lateral variation in the bilateral postural group (P = 0.002) and in static peak pressure in unilateral tenotomy patients (P = 0.046). Dynamic comparisons revealed significant differences in mean pressure between unilateral groups (P = 0.002) and lateral-lateral variation in bilateral groups (P = 0.004). The Pirani score showed significant differences between tenotomy-treated and postural patients (P = 0.000). Statistically significant differences in FADI scores were found between bilateral groups (P = 0.0037), between tenotomy-treated groups (P = 0.0020), and between the bilateral tenotomy-treated group and the unilateral postural group (P = 0.021). Bilateral CTEV patients treated with tenotomy develop static and dynamic values comparable to healthy controls. Bilateral patients develop better dynamic values compared to patients with a unilateral variant.
Level of evidence: III.
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: from echocardiographic characteristics to a cardiovascular damage score in a high-risk hypertensive population
Authors: Leone Dario , Vallelonga Fabrizio , Botta Matteo , Cesareo Marco , Airale Lorenzo , Colomba Anna , Fragapani Salvatore , Bruno Giulia , Mingrone Giulia , Ligato Jacopo , Sanapo Martina , Veglio Franco , Milan Alberto 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a high prevalence condition, with high rates of hospitalization and mortality. Arterial hypertension is the main risk factor for HFpEF. Among hypertensive patients, alterations in cardiac and vascular morphology identify hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD). Cardiac HMOD in terms of ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction is a continuum between the preclinical condition (arterial hypertension) and HFpEF. In hypertensive patients, it is currently unknown what is the prevalence of individuals classifiable as being at high risk of developing HFpEF and whether aortic morphofunctional vascular changes are present.

Aim:
This study seeks to retrospectively assess the prevalence of echocardiographic alterations consistent with the diagnosis of HFpEF in a cohort of patients with essential arterial hypertension, and the prevalence of vascular HMOD (V-HMOD) in different risk categories of patients.

Methods:
Hypertensive outpatients referred at the Hypertension Center of Turin from 2003 to 2021 were retrospectively evaluated. Patients with a previous diagnosis of heart failure and known cardiovascular events were excluded. A predictive model associated with the risk of HFpEF development was calculated using echocardiographic variables. V-HMOD morphological and functional parameters were assessed by ascending aorta diameter and arterial stiffness (carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity, cfPWV).

Results:
Eight hundred and four patients (34.8% women) were analyzed, age 53.1 ± 14 years; left ventricular mass index (LVMi) and E/e′ ratio were impaired in 15.9 and 29.1% of cases, respectively. Dividing them into tertiles according to score: score 1 or less (30.2%); score 2–3 (47.4%); score at least 3 (22.7%). Patients identified at high risk of HFpEF (score ≥3) had higher age, BMI and blood pressure than the other two groups (P < 0.05); they showed a significantly higher prevalence of female patients (42.3%), treatment with at least two antihypertensive drugs (40.1%), diabetes (7.1%), and dyslipidemia (28%; P < 0.05), with a larger ascending aorta diameter (35.5 ± 5.5 mm, P < 0.05) and higher cfPWV (8.8 ± 2.4 m/s, P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
At least one in five hypertensive patients, referred to an outpatient echocardiographic examination, has C-HMOD compatible with a high-risk category of HFpEF and have a significant increase in V-HMOD. This reinforces the notion that arterial hypertension and HFpEF are not two distinctly separate conditions but a continuum of pathophysiologic alterations.
A case of renovascular hypertension due to polyarteritis nodosa
Authors: Ferrao Diana , Nogueira-Silva Luis , Tavares Sofia , Lima Maria J. , Almeida Jorge 
Published: January 2025

In renal vasculitis, luminal narrowing can reduce blood flow and activate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, causing renovascular hypertension.
We present the case of a 47-year-old man with previous intestinal tuberculosis and episodes of lumbar pain, tender erythematous nodules and arthralgias. He had grade 3 hypertension, unresponsive to treatment, with left ventricular concentric hypertrophy and chronic kidney disease. He was admitted to the ICU due to a hypertensive emergency, with acute kidney failure and a large peri-renal hematoma. The computed tomography and angiography showed bilateral renal scarring, intrarenal pseudoaneurysms and irregularities in the renal, common hepatic and mesenteric arteries, suggesting a medium-vessel vasculitis, namely polyarteritis nodosa. Cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids were started. His blood pressure was controlled, and his kidney function remained stable.
Renovascular hypertension is, in infrequent cases, caused by an inflammatory systemic disease. When this is the case, the diagnosis must be considered and appropriately addressed.