bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Switching Monomer‐to‐Excimer Fluorescence by Noncovalent Interaction Competition Strategy
Authors: Zhang Xiangyu , Wang Shiyin , Fu Zhiyuan , Wang Chunyu , Yang Zhiqiang , Gao Ying , Liu Haichao , Zhang Shi‐Tong , Gu Cheng , Yang Bing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNoncovalent fluorescence switching materials with specific molecular packing motifs for desired performance are difficult to design accurately due to the complexity of intermolecular interactions. Herein, a noncovalent interaction competition strategy to design fluorescence‐switching materials by fine‐modulating hydrogen‐bond and π–π interactions is proposed. Hydrogen bonds are generated by nitrogen/oxygen‐containing units while π–π interactions are generated between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. After these two interactions are balanced in strength, they attempt to induce the formation of respective molecule assemblies stably under controllable conditions. Through thermal stimulus produced by a laser, a reversible assembly transition with high‐contrast monomer‐to‐excimer fluorescence switching is achieved, which demonstrates promising applications in rewritable optical recording and time‐dependent anti‐counterfeiting. This strategy provides a crucial step toward the controllable switching of supramolecular assembly for information handling.
Efficient Nanoscale Exciton Transport in Non‐Fullerene Organic Solar Cells Enables Reduced Bimolecular Recombination of Free Charges
Authors: Riley Drew B. , Sandberg Oskar J. , Zarrabi Nasim , Kim Yong Ryun , Meredith Paul , Armin Ardalan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe highest‐efficiency organic photovoltaic (OPV)‐based solar cells, made from blends of electron‐donating and electron‐accepting organic semiconductors, are often characterized by strongly reduced (non‐Langevin) bimolecular recombination. Although the origins of the reduced recombination are debated, mechanisms related to the charge‐transfer (CT) state and free‐carrier encounter dynamics controlled by the size of donor and acceptor domains are proposed as underlying factors. Here, a novel photoluminescence‐based probe is reported to accurately quantify the donor–acceptor domain size in OPV blends. Specifically, the domain size is measured in high‐efficiency non‐fullerene acceptor (NFA) systems and a comparative conventional fullerene system. It is found that the NFA‐based blends form larger domains but that the expected reductions in bimolecular recombination attributed to the enhanced domain sizes are too small to account for the observed reduction factors. Further, it is shown that the reduction of bimolecular recombination is correlated to enhanced exciton dynamics within the NFA domains. This indicates that the processes responsible for efficient exciton transport also enable strongly non‐Langevin recombination in high‐efficiency NFA‐based solar cells with low‐energy offsets.
One‐Pot, Three‐Phase Recycling of Metals from Li‐Ion Batteries in Rotating, Concentric‐Liquid Reactors
Authors: Quintana Cristóbal , Cybulski Olgierd , Mikulak‐Klucznik Barbara , Klucznik Tomasz , Grzybowski Bartosz A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEfficient recycling of spent lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) is essential for making their numerous applications sustainable. Hydrometallurgy‐based separation methods are an indispensable part of the recycling process but remain limited by the extraction efficiency and selectivity, and typically require numerous binary liquid–liquid extraction steps in which the capacity of the extracting organic phase or partition coefficient of extracted metals become an overall bottleneck. Herein, rotating reactors are described, in which the aqueous feed, organic extractant, and aqueous acceptor phases are all present in the same rotating vessel and can be vigorously stirred and emulsified without the coalescence of aqueous layers. In this arrangement, the extractant molecules are not equilibrated with the feed and, instead, “shuttle” between the feed/extractant and the extractant/acceptor interfaces multiple times, with each such molecule ultimately transferring approximately ten metal ions. This shuttling allows for using extractant concentrations much lower than in previous designs even for extremely concentrated feeds and, simultaneously, ensures unprecedented speed and selectivity of the one‐pot processes. These experimental results are accompanied by theoretical considerations of the selectivity versus speed trends as well as discussion of parameters essential for system upscaling.
An Integrally Formed Janus Hydrogel for Robust Wet‐Tissue Adhesive and Anti‐Postoperative Adhesion
Authors: Wang Haiyan , Yi Xin , Liu Tao , Liu Jing , Wu Qinan , Ding Yonghui , Liu Zhenzhen , Wang Qingwen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFacile fabrication of asymmetrically adhesive hydrogel with robust wet tissue adhesion simultaneously with effective anti‐postoperative adhesion still remains a great challenge. In this work, an integrally formed Janus hydrogel is facilely fabricated in one step by controlling the interfacial distribution of free carboxyl groups on the two sides of hydrogels. At a lower stirring speed, the generated bigger sized emulsion droplets mainly occupy the top surface of hydrogel, which effectively hinders the exposition of carboxyl groups on the top surface, driving them to be more distributed on the bottom surface, ultimately resulting in the poor adhesion of top surface but robust adhesion of bottom surface to various wet tissue even underwater. The difference in adhesive strength achieves as high as 20 times between the two surfaces. In vivo rabbit experiment outcomes clearly validate that the bottom surface of hydrogel firmly adheres to the stomach defect, and the other opposite surface can efficiently address the postoperative adhesion problem. Besides, this hydrogel exhibits superior mechanical toughness and conductivity which has been used as a highly adhesive strain sensor to real‐time monitor the beating heart in vivo. This simple yet effective strategy provides a much more feasible approach for creating Janus hydrogels bioadhesives.
Impact of Highly Concentrated Alkaline Treatment on Mesostructured Cobalt Oxide for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Budiyanto Eko , Ochoa‐Hernández Cristina , Tüysüz Harun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCommercial alkaline water electrolysis cells typically use highly concentrate KOH as electrolyte, which strongly influences alteration of catalyst and its performance. Herein, the impact of alkaline treatment toward the structural alteration and electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity of well‐defined ordered mesoporous Co3O4 is systematically studied. The overall morphology of mesostructured Co3O4 is relatively resilient to the exposure of highly concentrated alkaline solution up to 13 m KOH. The spectroscopic analyses, including in situ diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy, reveal the presence of carbonate‐based species after the alkaline treatment due to impurities of the commercial KOH. The pre‐treated samples exhibit a higher electrochemically active surface area, decreased charge transfer resistance, and increased current density from 103 to 155 mA cm−2 at 1.7 V versus RHE. The in situ electrochemical Raman spectroscopy investigation supports formation of active CoOOH phase on KOH pre‐treated Co3O4, which might play a key role toward enhanced OER activity.
Ultrasensitive Linear Capacitive Pressure Sensor with Wrinkled Microstructures for Tactile Perception
Authors: Lv Chunyu , Tian Chengcheng , Jiang Jiashun , Dang Yu , Liu Yang , Duan Xuexin , Li Quanning , Chen Xuejiao , Xie Mengying 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUltrasensitive flexible pressure sensors with excellent linearity are essential for achieving tactile perception. Although microstructured dielectrics have endowed capacitive sensors with ultrahigh sensitivity, the compromise of sensitivity with increasing pressure is an issue yet to be resolved. Herein, a spontaneously wrinkled MWCNT/PDMS dielectric layer is proposed to realize the excellent sensitivity and linearity of capacitive sensors for tactile perception. The synergistic effect of a high dielectric constant and wrinkled microstructures enables the sensor to exhibit linearity up to 21 kPa with a sensitivity of 1.448 kPa−1 and a detection limit of 0.2 Pa. Owing to these merits, the sensor monitors subtle physiological signals such as various arterial pulses and respiration. This sensor is further integrated into a fully multimaterial 3D‐printed soft pneumatic finger to realize material hardness perception. Eight materials with different hardness values are successfully discriminated, and the capacitance of the sensor varies linearly (R2 > 0.975) with increasing hardness. Moreover, the sensitivity to the material hardness can be tuned by controlling the inflation pressure of the soft finger. As a proof of concept, the finger is used to discriminate pork fats with different hardness, paving the way for hardness discrimination in clinical palpation.
Shocks and the determinants of resilience: Fish and shrimp value chains in Bangladesh after Covid‐19
Authors: Kabir Razin Iqbal , Bin Khaled Muhammad Nahian , Narayanan Sudha , Rashid Shahidur 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThere is little systematic evidence on the resilience of South Asian agri‐food value chains since the onset of Covid‐19. Using two rounds of surveys of 1751 fish and shrimp value chain actors in Bangladesh, this paper undertakes two sets of tasks: (a) analyzes business continuity (closures and resumptions) and its implications for household food security, and (b) adapts a ten‐item measure of subjective resilience and examines its predictors: diversity, scope, scale, vertical integration, and cluster effects. Results show that recent closures are linked to Covid‐19, suggesting that firms were only able to sustain operations for a period of 8–9 months before folding due to cumulative stresses; and that the degree of resilience varies significantly across value chains and the segments within them. Interestingly, contrary to established stylized facts, clusters appear to be negatively correlated with resilience, indicating that cooperation among value chain actors within a cluster breaks down under large‐scale covariate shocks. The implications of these and other key findings are discussed.
Winter cover crop impact on soil health in Texas Rolling Plains dryland cotton
Authors: Hux Brian A. , DeLaune Paul B. , Schirmarcher Marie T. , Gentry Terry J. , Mubvumba Partson 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Rolling Plains of Texas are historically semi‐arid with sporadic, high intensity storms followed by periods of long drought. Fallow management is a common practice intended to store soil water, but leaves the bare soil exposed to erosive forces that can diminish the soil productivity. Cover crops in no‐till (NT) agriculture have been proposed to increase soil health under environments with low precipitation as an alternative to fallow management. This study evaluated multiple treatments in a dryland cotton system including: (1) conventional tillage (CT); (2) NT; and NT with the following cover crops: (3) wheat; (4) Austrian winter pea; (5) crimson clover; (6) hairy vetch; and (7) mixed species cover. Soil samples were collected at 0, 3, and 6 weeks after cover crop termination and analyzed for soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, inorganic N, water‐extractable organic carbon, water‐extractable organic nitrogen, carbon mineralization, and phospholipid fatty acid analysis. For all parameters tested, there was no significant difference between CT and NT at any date or depth, so the addition of cover crops to NT cotton systems might be needed in order to enhance NT in regard to soil function. The multi‐species mixed treatment was predicted to perform the best out of the cover crop treatments due to its combined benefits from grasses and legumes. However, the single‐species Austrian winter pea treatment had 24% and 28% higher soil carbon and nitrogen than no‐till without a cover crop, and can be a useful alternative to fallow management under these dryland agriculture conditions.
Origin of Surface Reconstruction in Lattice Oxygen Oxidation Mechanism Based‐Transition Metal Oxides: A Spontaneous Chemical Process
Authors: Wu Chao , Wang Xiaopeng , Tang Ying , Zhong Haoyin , Zhang Xin , Zou Anqi , Zhu Jiliang , Diao Caozheng , Xi Shibo , Xue Junmin , Wu Jiagang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA fundamental understanding of surface reconstruction process is pivotal to developing highly efficient lattice oxygen oxidation mechanism (LOM) based electrocatalysts. Traditionally, the surface reconstruction in LOM based metal oxides is believed as an irreversible oxygen redox behavior, due to the much slower rate of OH− refilling than that of oxygen vacancy formation. Here, we found that the surface reconstruction in LOM based metal oxides is a spontaneous chemical reaction process, instead of an electrochemical reaction process. During the chemical process, the lattice oxygen atoms were attacked by adsorbed water molecules, leading to the formation of hydroxide ions (OH−). Subsequently, the metal‐site soluble atoms leached from the oxygen‐deficient surface. This work also suggests that the enhancement of surface hydrophilicity could accelerate the surface reconstruction process. Hence, such a finding could add a new layer for the understanding of surface reconstruction mechanism.
Noncanonical Pyroptosis Triggered by Macrophage‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Chondrocytes Leading to Cartilage Catabolism in Osteoarthritis
Authors: Ebata Taku , Terkawi Mohamad Alaa , Kitahara Keita , Yokota Shunichi , Shiota Junki , Nishida Yoshio , Matsumae Gen , Alhasan Hend , Hamasaki Masanari , Hontani Kazutoshi , Shimizu Tomohiro , Takahashi Daisuke , Endo Tsutomu , Onodera Tomohiro , Kadoya Ken , Iwasaki Norimasa 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveThe severity of osteoarthritis (OA) and cartilage degeneration is highly correlated with the development of synovitis, which is mediated by the activity of inflammatory macrophages. A better understanding of intercellular communication between inflammatory macrophages and chondrocytes should aid in the discovery of novel therapeutic targets. We undertook this study to explore the pathologic role of inflammatory macrophage extracellular vesicles (EVs) in cartilage degeneration.MethodsMacrophages were stimulated by treatment with bacterial lipopolysaccharides to mimic the state of inflammatory macrophages, and the resulting EVs were harvested for chondrocyte stimulation in vitro and for intraarticular injection in a mouse model. The stimulated chondrocytes were further subjected to RNA‐sequencing analysis and other functional assays. The action of caspase 11 was disrupted in vitro using a specific small interfering RNA or wedelolactone, and in experimental murine OA models by intraarticular injection of wedelolactone.ResultsStimulated chondrocytes exhibited a significant elevation in the expression of chondrocyte catabolic factors. Consistent with these results, RNA‐sequencing analyses of stimulated chondrocytes indicated that up‐regulated genes were mainly categorized into apoptotic process and tumor necrosis factor signaling pathways, which suggests the induction of apoptotic process. Moreover, these chondrocytes exhibited a significant elevation in the expression of pyroptosis‐related molecules that were correlated with the expression of chondrocyte catabolic factors. The disruption of caspase 11 significantly alleviated pyroptotic and catabolic processes in stimulated chondrocytes and pathologic changes in collagenase‐induced and joint instability–induced OA models.ConclusionOur results provide new insight into the pathologic mechanisms of OA and suggest that noncanonical pyroptosis in chondrocytes represents an attractive therapeutic target for treatment.image
Online anatomy education during the Covid‐19 pandemic: Opinions of medical, speech therapy, andBScAnatomy students
Authors: Khan Johara , Baatjes Karin J. , Layman‐Lemphane Jodie I. , Correia Janine 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWith the emergence of the Covid‐19 pandemic in 2020, it was difficult to predict if the “cadaveric‐based (golden) standard” of teaching anatomy would be possible in the unforeseeable future. This forced traditional anatomical teaching and learning practices to be transitioned to remote online platforms. This study explored the opinions of anatomy students (n = 51), on their online learning experience of anatomy during the Covid‐19 pandemic. A mixed methods approach using a descriptive, exploratory study design was conducted, by use of an online survey. The survey consisted of a six‐point Likert scale and was assembled into four sub‐categories. Likert scale options ranged from; strongly disagree, to strongly agree, and not applicable. Results obtained seem to tally with expectations, indicating an adequate theoretical course component with room to improve practical online teaching. Most participants had a positive perception of the theoretical course content, duration, and platforms of communication. Virtual classes were simple to navigate with few technical difficulties experienced by the participants. Students also noted having access to sufficient study material, videos, and additional online material. Overall, more than half of all participants reported adapting well to the remote learning environment, however, the greatest challenge experienced highlighted a sense of deprivation from the lack of cadaver exposure and hands‐on instruction. This research highlighted the effects of the pandemic on the modality of anatomy education and how it affected students. Although anatomy is multi‐modal, it can be concluded that it is possible to achieve academic success by using online learning methods.
Essential anatomy for core clerkships: A clinical perspective
Authors: Keim Sarah A. , Harmon Derek J. , Martindale James R. , Lopez Elisabeth N. , Sanky Charles , Brooks William S. , Cotter Meghan M. , Davies David L. , Doroudi Majid , Fahl Jeffrey C. , Farias Anna , Granite Guinevere , Harrell Kelly M. , Kar Rekha , Kramer Kenneth L. , Jackson Jon , Jones Shiloh , Lackey‐Cornelison Wendy , Laitman Jeffrey T. , Latacha Kimberly , Lewis Steven R. , Lovejoy Mork Amy , Marzban Hassan , McNary Thomas G. , McWhorter David L. , Merchant Aftab , Mussell Jason C. , Quinn Melissa M. , Reidenberg Joy S. , Royer Danielle , Sakaguchi Alan , Sawyer F. Kip , Topping Daniel B. , Wainman Bruce , Wineski Lawrence E. , Zumwalt Ann C. , Hankin Mark H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractClerkships are defining experiences for medical students in which students integrate basic science knowledge with clinical information as they gain experience in diagnosing and treating patients in a variety of clinical settings. Among the basic sciences, there is broad agreement that anatomy is foundational for medical practice. Unfortunately, there are longstanding concerns that student knowledge of anatomy is below the expectations of clerkship directors and clinical faculty. Most allopathic medical schools require eight “core” clerkships: internal medicine (IM), pediatrics (PD), general surgery (GS), obstetrics and gynecology (OB), psychiatry (PS), family medicine (FM), neurology (NU), and emergency medicine (EM). A targeted needs assessment was conducted to determine the anatomy considered important for each core clerkship based on the perspective of clinicians teaching in those clerkships. A total of 525 clinical faculty were surveyed at 24 United States allopathic medical schools. Participants rated 97 anatomical structure groups across all body regions on a 1–4 Likert‐type scale (1 = not important, 4 = essential). Non‐parametric ANOVAs determined if differences existed between clerkships. Combining all responses, 91% of anatomical structure groups were classified as essential or more important. Clinicians in FM, EM, and GS rated anatomical structures in most body regions significantly higher than at least one other clerkship (p = 0.006). This study provides an evidence‐base of anatomy content that should be considered important for each core clerkship and may assist in the development and/or revision of preclinical curricula to support the clinical training of medical students.
Conceptual diagrams in Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Horvath Jorge E. , Rosas Fernandes Rodrigo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractQuantum Mechanics (QM) stands alone as a (very) successful physical theory, but the meaning of its variables and the status of many quantities in the mathematical formalism is obscure. This unique situation prompted the need for attribution of a physical meaning to the latter, a procedure known as interpretation. On the other hand, the study of QM is usually presented, even to future scientists, within the only framework developed by Bohr and the Copenhagen researchers, known as the Copenhagen interpretation. As a contribution to the understanding and teaching of Quantum Mechanics, aimed to a broader and deeper appreciation of its fundamentals, including contemplating alternatives and updated interpretations for physicists and philosophers interested in the study of exact sciences (through Ontology, Epistemology, Logic or the Theory of Knowledge), we present a set of Conceptual Diagrams elaborated and designed to expose and facilitate the visualization of elements intervening in any interpretation of Quantum Mechanics and apply them to several well‐developed cases of the latter.
Genus Streptomyces: Recent advances for biotechnological purposes
Authors: de Lima Júnior Apolonio Alves , de Sousa Ednan Cardoso , de Oliveira Thales Henrique Barbosa , de Santana Raphael Carlos Férrer , da Silva Silvia Katrine Rabelo , Coelho Luana Cassandra Breitenbach Barroso 
Published: March 2023

AbstractActinomycetes are a distinct group of filamentous bacteria. The Streptomyces genus within this group has been extensively studied over the years, with substantial contributions to society and science. This genus is known for its antimicrobial production, as well as antitumor, biopesticide, and immunomodulatory properties. Therefore, the extraordinary plasticity of the Streptomyces genus has inspired new research techniques. The newest way of exploring Streptomyces has comprised the discovery of new natural metabolites and the application of emerging tools such as CRISPR technology in drug discovery. In this narrative review, we explore relevant published literature concerning the ongoing novelties of the Streptomyces genus.
The value of control
Authors: Reis Moritz , Pfister Roland , Schwarz Katharina A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractVoluntary actions are accompanied by a sense of control over this action and its effects. Forming an appropriate sense of control (or sense of agency) has widespread consequences of individual and societal relevance. Moreover, perceived control might serve as a powerful action motivator, although this critical function has been addressed scarcely so far. Thus, in two experiments (N = 101 adults for each study), we directly examined the value of control for human agents by allowing participants to choose between financial gain and situational control. Crucially, a significant share of participants chose to be in control even when this option was less financially rewarding. That is, participants had to be offered 66% (Study 1) and 34% (Study 2) of expected asset earnings as an additional reward to make them predictably waive control. In addition to the value of objective decision rights, we also measured subjectively perceived control. This is a further extension of prior research as similar levels of objective control can lead to substantially different subjective feelings of control. Hereby, we found a share of the participants to create an illusionary sense of agency in situations of little objective control. These results portray perceived control as a powerful motivator for human behavior that comes with a unique and quantifiable value for individual agents.