bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen production in fixed-bed reactors with combined reformer-burner modules by steam-ethanol reforming at different temperatures
Authors: Chen Junjie 
Published: February 2023

Use of ethanol is attracting increasing attention both as primary
feedstock and as an alternative to increase the feedstock flexibility in
a given unit. However, steam reforming of ethanol is not a straight
forward process. Equilibrium of the reaction is shifted towards the
production of hydrogen even at low temperature. However, in practice,
ethanol is also converted to ethylene. The present study is focused
primarily upon the production of hydrogen in fixed-bed reactors by
steam-ethanol reforming under different temperature conditions.
Computational fluid dynamics is used to model fluid flow, heat and mass
transfer, and chemical reactions. The governing integral equations are
solved for the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy and other
scalars such as laminar flow and chemical species. Steady-state analyses
are performed using computational fluid dynamics. The reaction rates are
computed by the laminar finite-rate model. The present study aims to
explore how to effectively produce hydrogen in fixed-bed reactors by
steam-ethanol reforming at different temperatures. Particular emphasis
is placed upon the effect of temperature on the transport and reaction
characteristics of fixed-bed reactors for polymer electrolyte membrane
fuel cell applications. The results indicate that under a thermodynamic
point of view, high temperatures and steam-ethanol molar ratios promote
hydrogen yield. Low ethylene content is obtained at high pressure and
low temperature. At high temperatures the contribution of steam
reforming reactions results in a marked increasing of overall enthalpy,
enhancing process endothermicity, whereas the exothermic contribution of
water-gas shift and methanation reactions reduces the external heat
supply and the overall energy penalty at lower temperature. Although the
equilibrium of the water-gas shift reaction favors the products
formation at lower temperatures, reaction kinetics are faster at higher
temperatures. The typical products distribution of ethanol steam
reforming reaction, according to thermodynamic evaluations, results in
considerable hydrogen production rates at higher temperatures and high
methane yields at lower temperatures. The majority of supported metals
as catalysts expresses better performance at high temperatures, and the
production of oxygenated products increases and the formation of coke is
thermodynamically favored at low temperatures. Low reaction temperatures
generally favor the Boudouard reaction mechanism while methane
decomposition is the main route at high temperatures.
Keywords: Hydrogen; Ethanol; Reformers; Burners; Reforming;
Combustion
Design of gas turbine combustors for the reduction of nitrogen oxides emissions by heterogeneous catalysis
Authors: Chen Junjie 
Published: February 2023

Flammable mixtures of most fuels are normally burned at relatively high
temperatures, which inherently results in the formation of substantial
emissions of nitrogen oxides. In the case of gas turbine combustors, the
formation of nitrogen oxides can be greatly reduced by limiting the
residence time of the combustion products in the combustion zone.
However, even under these circumstances, undesirable quantities of
nitrogen oxides are nevertheless produced. Additionally, limiting such
residence time makes it difficult to maintain stable combustion even
after ignition. The present study relates to the design of gas turbine
combustors for the reduction of nitrogen oxides emissions by
heterogeneous catalysis. Steady-steady simulations are performed using
computational fluid dynamics. The fluid viscosity, specific heat, and
thermal conductivity are calculated from a mass fraction weighted
average of species properties, and the specific heat of each species is
calculated using a piecewise polynomial fit of temperature. Natural
parameter continuation is performed by moving from one stationary
solution to another. Particular emphasis is placed upon the sustained
combustion of at least a portion of fuel under essentially adiabatic
conditions at a rate which surmounts the mass transfer limitation. The
results indicate that it is possible to achieve essentially adiabatic
combustion in the presence of a catalyst at a reaction rate many times
greater than the mass transfer limited rate. Flammable mixtures of
carbonaceous fuels normally burn at relatively high temperatures, and
substantial amounts of nitrogen oxides inevitably form if nitrogen is
present. Complete catalytic combustion of a target species can only
occur when oxygen gas is found in molar stoichiometric excess; a
condition which is easily met when the target species is present in
trace quantity in air. In combustion systems utilizing a catalyst, there
is little or no nitrogen oxides formed in a system which burns the fuel
at relatively low temperatures. In the mass transfer limited zone, the
reaction rate cannot be increased by increasing the activity of the
catalyst because catalytic activity is not determinative of the reaction
rate. Among the unique advantages of the catalytically supported thermal
combustion in the presence of a catalyst is the fact that mixtures of
fuel and air which are too fuel-lean for ordinary thermal combustion can
be burned efficiently.
Keywords: Heterogeneous catalysis; Nitrogen oxides; Gas
turbines; Flammable mixtures; Thermodynamic properties; Combustion
phenomena
Association between arch width changes and long-term stability 20 years after orthodontic treatment with and without extractions
Authors: Perkovic Vjera , Alexander Moody , Greer Preston , Kamenar Ervin , Anic-Milosevic Sandra 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo investigate long-term stability 20 years after orthodontic treatment and the association with arch width changes during treatment.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study investigated 103 patients with Class I and II malocclusions treated with fixed appliances with and without extractions. The sample was treated by one experienced orthodontist and collected from a private orthodontic office. Dental casts were obtained pretreatment (T1), posttreatment (T2), and long-term postretention (T3); they were scanned and converted to STL files. Measurements were evaluated in for the upper and lower arch: intercanine width (IC), intermolar (IM) width, Little's irregularity index (LII).ResultsThere were 73 female and 30 male patients. Class I was present in 74 patients and Class II in 29. Average postretention time was 17.2 (±6.5) years after an average active retention time of 3.4 (±1.17) years. Extraction was performed in 55 patients while 48 received nonextraction treatment. Bonferroni Post Hoc test showed that LII in the upper and lower arches at T1 was significantly higher in the extraction group (P &lt; .001). Upper and lower arch LII at T3 was slightly higher in extraction cases but remained under 2.05 mm. LII at T3 in the upper and lower arches showed negative correlation with IM T3 in the upper arch (Pearson, N = 103, P = .047), while IC in the upper and lower arches at T3 correlated with IM T3 in the upper and lower (N = 103, P &lt; .001).ConclusionsClinically relevant long-term stability in both arches was found in extraction and nonextraction cases. Intermolar width and its change during orthodontic treatment was an influential factor on long-term stability in extraction cases.
The Impact of Different Implantation Sites and Sex on the Differentiation of Human Pancreatic Endoderm Cells Into Insulin-Secreting Cells In Vivo
Authors: Saber Nelly , Ellis Cara E. , Iworima Diepiriye G. , Baker Robert K. , Rezania Alireza , Kieffer Timothy J. 
Published: February 2023

Few studies have examined the differentiation of human embryonic stem cell (hESC)–derived pancreatic endoderm cells (PECs) in different implantation sites. Here, we investigate the influence of implantation site and recipient sex on the differentiation of hESC-derived PECs in vivo. Male and female mice were implanted with 5 × 106 hESC-derived PECs under the kidney capsule, in the gonadal fat pad, or subcutaneously within macroencapsulation (TheraCyte) devices. PECs implanted within TheraCyte devices developed glucose-stimulated human C-peptide secretion faster than cells implanted under the kidney capsule or in the gonadal fat pad. Interestingly, hESC-derived PECs implanted under the kidney capsule in females developed glucose-stimulated human C-peptide faster than in males and secreted higher levels of arginine-stimulated glucagon and glucagon-like peptide 1 than other implantation sites. Furthermore, hESC-derived grafts collected from the kidney capsule and gonadal fat pad sites displayed a mix of endocrine and ductal cells as well as contained cysts, whereas TheraCyte device grafts displayed mostly endocrine cells and cysts were not observed. Here we demonstrate that the macroencapsulated subcutaneous site and the female recipient can promote faster differentiation of hESC-derived PECs to endocrine cells in mice.

Article Highlights
Few studies have directly compared the differentiation of human embryonic stem cell–derived progenitors in different implantation sites in male and female recipients. We investigated whether the site of implantation and/or the sex of the recipient influenced the differentiation of pancreatic progenitors in vivo in mice. Mice implanted with cells in macroencapsulation devices contained fewer off-target structures and developed stimulated insulin release faster than other implant sites, while females implanted with cells under the kidney capsule developed stimulated insulin release before males. Macroencapsulation devices reduced the formation of off-target cells from human embryonic stem cell–derived progenitors, a useful characteristic for clinical applications.
Polygenic Scores Help Reduce Racial Disparities in Predictive Accuracy of Automated Type 1 Diabetes Classification Algorithms
Authors: Deutsch Aaron J. , Stalbow Lauren , Majarian Timothy D. , Mercader Josep M. , Manning Alisa K. , Florez Jose C. , Loos Ruth J.F. , Udler Miriam S. 
Published: February 2023

OBJECTIVEAutomated algorithms to identify individuals with type 1 diabetes using electronic health records are increasingly used in biomedical research. It is not known whether the accuracy of these algorithms differs by self-reported race. We investigated whether polygenic scores improve identification of individuals with type 1 diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe investigated two large hospital-based biobanks (Mass General Brigham [MGB] and BioMe) and identified individuals with type 1 diabetes using an established automated algorithm. We performed medical record reviews to validate the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. We implemented two published polygenic scores for type 1 diabetes (developed in individuals of European or African ancestry). We assessed the classification algorithm before and after incorporating polygenic scores.RESULTSThe automated algorithm was more likely to incorrectly assign a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in self-reported non-White individuals than in self-reported White individuals (odds ratio 3.45; 95% CI 1.54–7.69; P = 0.0026). After incorporating polygenic scores into the MGB Biobank, the positive predictive value of the type 1 diabetes algorithm increased from 70 to 97% for self-reported White individuals (meaning that 97% of those predicted to have type 1 diabetes indeed had type 1 diabetes) and from 53 to 100% for self-reported non-White individuals. Similar results were found in BioMe.CONCLUSIONSAutomated phenotyping algorithms may exacerbate health disparities because of an increased risk of misclassification of individuals from underrepresented populations. Polygenic scores may be used to improve the performance of phenotyping algorithms and potentially reduce this disparity.
Neoaortic Bicuspid Valve Replacement in Patient After Arterial Switch Operation to Correct Dextro-Transposition of the Great Arteries
Authors: Selyaev V. S. , Redkoborody A. V. , Rubtsov N. V. , Kornoukhov O. Yu. , Niyazov S. S. , Bikbova N. M. , Muslimov R. Sh. 
Published: February 2023

INTRODUCTION Transposition of the great arteries is the second most common cyanotic congenital heart defect after tetralogy of Fallot. The arterial switch procedure (А. Jatene, 1975) is the surgical treatment of choice. Neoaortic root dilatation and valve regurgitation are quite common among the patients who underwent surgery for transposition of the great arteries. However, there are a lot of conflicting data about their direct connection.CLINICAL CASE This article describes surgical repair of neoaortic bicuspid valve regurgitation, by it successful implantation, in an 18-year-old patient after arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries in the neonatal period.CONCLUSION Neoaortic valve insufficiency can develop primarily as well as secondary to neoaortic root dilatation, however, the questions about valve repair or aortic root replacement with or without neoaortic valve implantation remains debatable. At this stage, decision making is based only on unsystematic clinical experience, surgeon’s intuition, the basics of anatomy and pathophysiology, as well as close interaction of “pediatric” and “adult” cardiac surgeons.
KH. MUHAMMAD HARUN NAFSI DALAM PEMBINAAN KEAGAMAAN DI SAMARINDA
Authors: Samsir Samsir 
Published: February 2023

This study is entitled "The Role of KH. Muhammad Harun Nafsi In Religious Coaching of Samarinda City ". Background Coaching is basically a conscious effort carried out by planned to improve the atmosphere of a better life and in accordance with the teachings of the Islamic religion. Coaching that should be done continuously so as to get what is expected is a safe, peaceful, happy, prosperous life and get the pleasure of Allah SWT. The purpose is to find out how the role of KH. Muhammad Harun Nafsi in religious formation in the city of Samarinda. This type of research is a qualitative description that explains in more detail through in-depth analysis of the subject under study.
The study used field research using a qualitative descriptive approach. The location of this research is in Samarinda. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis.
The results of this study are KH. Muhammad Harun Nafsi, founded a HEP Cokroaminoto SMEP and Middle School, Islamic boarding school and a school called At-Taqwa Harun al-Rasyid, better known by the local community as "Arab School" in 1977. As a preacher acted by KH. Muhammad Harun Nafsi preached to Sangkulirang. Forming the majelis ta ‟lim located in his own home on Jalan Cokroaminoto, Samarinda Seberang. The Ta‟ lim assemblies were attended by the community around KH. Harun Nafsi. This assembly is usually called "Assembly of the Village.
DEVELOPMENT OF FUN THINKERS BOOK LEARNING MEDIA ON THE MATERIAL INVERTEBRATA CLASS X SMA NEGERI 12 BONE
Authors: Ainul Dzakina  , Ahmad Ali  , Hamansah  
Published: February 2023

Fun thinkers book learning media is a collection of several game sheets packaged in a set of books full of educational activities, and quizzes to hone students' thinking skills and make learning activities more enjoyable. Fun thinkers book learning media has several advantages such as encouraging students to participate in learning, focusing attention, increasing student activities and learning outcomes. Thisresearch is a type of research and development (Research and Development) that uses the ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) development model. This study aims to develop fun thinkers book learning media on Invertebrata material as a valid, practical, and effective learning media. The product developed is in the form of a fun thinkers book learning media which is tested through validity tests, practicality tests, and effectiveness tests. The subjects of this study were students of class X Science 2 SMA Negeri 12 Bone which totaled 25 people. Research instruments in the form of validation sheets to obtain product validity data, questionnaires of student and educator responses to obtain product practicality data, and learning outcomes test items to obtain product effectiveness. The results of the research showed that the fun thinkers book learning media on the Invertebrata material developed had a validity level of 3.63 with a very valid category. Assessment of student responses and educator responses with practicality levels is in the practical category with an average total score of 4.8. The test of student learning outcomes using fun thinkers book learning media on Invertebrata material is categorized as very effective because it reaches 92% of the completeness value. So that the fun thinkers book learning media that is worth using because it meets the criteria of being valid, practical, and effective
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN DENGAN MEDIA BOOKLET TERHADAP MOTIVASI PASIEN DM TIPE II DALAM MELAKUKAN PERAWATAN KAKI
Authors: Narmawan  , Siti Hadrayanti Ananda  , Helma  
Published: February 2023

Penderita DM mempunyai resiko terjadinya ulkus kaki diabetik dan membutuhkan biaya tinggi untuk pengobatan bahkan amputasi. Pendidikan kesehatan tentang perawatan kaki merupakan upaya pencegahan primer untuk mencegah kejadian amputasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk pengaruhpemberian pendidikan kesehatandengan media booklet terhadap motivasi pasien DM Tipe II dalam melakukan perawatan kaki di ruang rawat inap RS Bahteramas. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan metode pre experimental design dengan one group pre-test post-test design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pasien DM tipe II yang dirawat periode Januari-April 2020 sebanyak 68 dengan jumlah sampel 41 orang diambil dengan teknik Proportional Random Sampling. Variabel penelitian adalah motivasi dimana dilakukan pretest sebelum diberikan pendidikan kesehatan dan posttest setelah diberikan pendidikan kesehatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan motivasi prestest sebagian besar memiliki kategori kurang sebesar 51.2% dan setelah diberikan intervensi terjadi peningkatan kategori baik yakni sebesar 90.2% dan analisis bivariat diperoleh nilai p value 0.000 < 0.05. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah ada pengaruhpemberian pendidikan kesehatandengan media booklet terhadap motivasi pasien DM tipe II dalam melakukan perawatan kaki di ruang rawat inap RS Bahteramas
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GUIDED IMAGERY ON DEPRESSION AND CORTISOL LEVELS IN COLON RECTAL CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: Saleh Ariyanti , Syahrul Ningrat  , Wa Ode Nurisna  , Aulia Insani Latif  
Published: February 2023

Background: Depression in colon rectal cancer patients can inhibit the healing process, increasing the morbidity and mortality. Purpose of the study: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of guided imagery on the level of depression and cortisol. Guided imagery is a relaxation and comfort therapy that can provide a calm effect. Guided imagery is performed by guiding the patient in imagining a beautiful and comfortable place. Research Method: This study uses experimental design. The study sample consist of 52 patients with colon rectal cancer who undergo the treatment. Depression levels and examination of cortisol levels are carried out before and after the intervention. Guided imagery is given to 26 people in the intervention group, and 26 people in the control group for the standard care. Data analysis using independent t-test and dependent t-test if the data is normally distributed. Results: The use of Guided Imagery therapy can reduce the average level of depression in CRC patients but does not show changes in cortisol levels in patient's body.
PLAY-BASED LEARNING FOR CREATING FUN LANGUAGE CLASSROOM
Authors: Suwastini Ni Komang Arie , Puspawati Ni Wayan Nilam , Nitiasih Putu Kerti , Adnyani Ni Luh Putu Sri , Rusnalasari Zulidyana Dwi 
Published: February 2023

Playing is essential for children. Thus, play-based learning has been argued to create engaging learning. Employing literature review research from George, this study aims to provide a comprehensive review of play-based learning, the types of play-based learning, and their strengths and weaknesses for language learning. The data sources were previous studies published from 2015-2020 in reputable international journals and accredited national journals indexed by Sinta and other relevant sources. Play-based learning can be categorized into three types: child-directed play that results in involuntary creative learning; teacher-directed play, which allows teachers to set up more structured plays; and mutually-directed play, which combines both types of play to provide maximum benefits for both teachers and children. It implies that teachers should select the type of play that suits the children's needs, situation, and learning objectives when choosing to implement play-based learning.
Abstrak:
Bermain sangat penting bagi anak-anak sehingga pembelajaran berbasis bermain dianggap sebagai pembelajaran yang menarik. Dengan menerapkan model Kajian Pustaka dari George, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyajikan paparan komprehensif mengenai pembelajaran berbasis permainan, jenis-jenisnya, serta keunggulan dan kelemahannya untuk pembelajaran bahasa. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah hasil penelitian-penelitian yang diterbitkan pada 2014-2020 di jurnal internasional bereputasi atau jurnal nasional terakreditasi Sinta, serta sumber lain yang relevan. Pembelajaran berbasis permainan dapat dikelompokkan menjadi tiga jenis. Pertama, permainan bebas yang diarahkan anak-anak, yang menghasilkan pembelajaran bahasa spontan dan kreatif tanpa campur tangan guru. Kedua, permainan yang diarahkan guru, yang memungkinkan pembelajaran yang lebih terstruktur dengan arahan guru. Ketiga, permainan kolaborasi yang memberikan manfaat yang maksimal karena baik guru maupun anak-anak merencanakan permainan tersebut. Bagaimanapun, dalam memilih jenis permainan yang akan digunakan, guru diharapkan mempertimbangkan kekuatan dan keterbatasan masing-masing jenis permainan berdasarkan kebutuhan, situasi, dan tujuan pembelajaran anak.