bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“The Dregs of the Mau Mau Barrel”: Permanent Exile and the Remaking of Late Colonial Kenya, 1954–61
Authors: Boender Niels 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article seeks to illustrate the emergence and significance of permanent exile in the latter years of British rule in Kenya. Drawing on concepts of the “state of exception” in the imperial context, the analysis places Kenyan policy into a longer history of penal practice. Exile as a mode of punishment was a permanent fixture in the repertoire of the British Empire as a method of controlling rebellious subjects. In Kenya, it was a tool to ostracize “troublemakers” from their home community, stabilizing the body politic in fractious moments. However, during the State of Emergency declared against the anti-colonial Mau Mau movement, the legal and spatial production of spaces of exception, settlements in the far-flung corners of the colony, reached its apotheosis. Drawing on long histories of colonial banishment, and specific legal precedents shrouded in liberal language, administrators hoped to make Kenya safe for a loyalist ascendancy by excising the “irreconcilables.” Critically, permanent exile was deemed necessary for a section of the population “infected” with Mau Mau ideology. In large exile settlements, rebellious subjects were expected to be remade into pacified workers. Colonial correspondence, as well as the petitions of the displaced, reveal the production of exile during these years as well as its misdiagnosis of the various imaginations of the exiled. “Settlers,” at exile camps like Hola, retained an autonomous vision of “land and freedom,” refusing their forced migration, and eventually precipitating the collapse of the scheme.
Soil nitrogen fertilization reduces relative leaf nitrogen allocation to photosynthesis
Authors: Waring Elizabeth F , Perkowski Evan A , Smith Nicholas G 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The connection between soil nitrogen availability, leaf nitrogen, and photosynthetic capacity is not perfectly understood. Because these three components tend to be positively related over large spatial scales, some posit that soil nitrogen positively drives leaf nitrogen, which positively drives photosynthetic capacity. Alternatively, others posit that photosynthetic capacity is primarily driven by above-ground conditions. Here, we examined the physiological responses of a non-nitrogen-fixing plant (Gossypium hirsutum) and a nitrogen-fixing plant (Glycine max) in a fully factorial combination of light by soil nitrogen availability to help reconcile these competing hypotheses. Soil nitrogen stimulated leaf nitrogen in both species, but the relative proportion of leaf nitrogen used for photosynthetic processes was reduced under elevated soil nitrogen in all light availability treatments due to greater increases in leaf nitrogen content than chlorophyll and leaf biochemical process rates. Leaf nitrogen content and biochemical process rates in G. hirsutum were more responsive to changes in soil nitrogen than those in G. max, probably due to strong G. max investments in root nodulation under low soil nitrogen. Nonetheless, whole-plant growth was significantly enhanced by increased soil nitrogen in both species. Light availability consistently increased relative leaf nitrogen allocation to leaf photosynthesis and whole-plant growth, a pattern that was similar between species. These results suggest that the leaf nitrogen–photosynthesis relationship varies under different soil nitrogen levels and that these species preferentially allocated more nitrogen to plant growth and non-photosynthetic leaf processes, rather than photosynthesis, as soil nitrogen increased.
Carbon dredge-up required to explain the Gaia white dwarf colour–magnitude bifurcation
Authors: Blouin Simon , Bédard Antoine , Tremblay Pier-Emmanuel 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
The Gaia colour–magnitude diagram reveals a striking separation between hydrogen-atmosphere white dwarfs and their helium-atmosphere counterparts throughout a significant portion of the white dwarf cooling track. However, pure-helium atmospheres have Gaia magnitudes that are too close to the pure-hydrogen case to explain this bifurcation. To reproduce the observed split in the cooling sequence, it has been shown that trace amounts of hydrogen and/or metals must be present in the helium-dominated atmospheres of hydrogen-deficient white dwarfs. Yet, a complete explanation of the Gaia bifurcation that takes into account known constraints on the spectral evolution of white dwarfs has thus far not been proposed. In this work, we attempt to provide such a holistic explanation by performing population synthesis simulations coupled with state-of-the-art model atmospheres and evolutionary calculations that account for element transport in the envelopes of white dwarfs. By relying on empirically grounded assumptions, these simulations successfully reproduce the bifurcation. We show that the convective dredge-up of optically undetectable traces of carbon from the deep interior is crucial to account for the observations. Neither the convective dilution/mixing of residual hydrogen nor the accretion of hydrogen or metals can be the dominant drivers of the bifurcation. Finally, we emphasize the importance of improving theoretical models for the average ionization level of carbon in warm dense helium, which governs the shape of the diffusive tail of carbon and in turn the predicted amount of dredged-up carbon.
Nuclear star clusters as probes of dark matter haloes: the case of the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy
Authors: Herlan Robin , Mastrobuono-Battisti Alessandra , Neumayer Nadine 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
The Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal (Sgr dSph) galaxy is currently being accreted and disrupted by the tidal field of the Milky Way. Recent observations have shown that the central region of the dwarf hosts at least three different stellar populations, ranging from old and metal-poor over intermediate metal-rich to young metal-rich. While the intermediate-age metal-rich population has been identified as part of the galaxy, the oldest and youngest populations belong to M54, the nuclear star cluster (NSC) of the Sgr dSph galaxy. The old metal-poor component of M54 has been interpreted as at least one decayed globular cluster (GC) that was initially orbiting its host galaxy. The youngest population formed in situ from gas accreted into M54 after its arrival at the centre of the host. In this work, we use the observed properties of M54 to explore the shape of the inner density profile of the Sgr dSph galaxy. To do so, we simulate the decay of M54 towards the centre of the dark matter (DM) halo of its host. We model the DM density profile using different central slopes, and we compare the results of the simulations to the most recent observations of the structural properties of M54. From this comparison, we conclude that a GC that decays in a DM halo with a density profile ∝ r−γ and γ ≤ 1 shows a rotational signal and flattening comparable to those observed for M54. Steeper profiles produce, instead, highly rotating and more flattened NSCs which do not match the properties of M54.
Formation of the warped debris disc around β Pictoris
Authors: Smallwood Jeremy L 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
In light of the recent confirmation of an eccentric orbit giant planet, β Pic c, I revisit the formation and evolution of the warped debris disc in the system. β Pic c is interior to β Pic b, and the debris disc is exterior to both planets. Previous N-body simulations have shown that β Pic b is responsible for exciting the inclination of the debris disc. With hydrodynamical simulations, I model a protoplanetary gas disc misaligned with the planets. I find that the gas disc does not exhibit significant long lasting inclination excitation from the planets even for the observed disc size. The warp that is excited by the planets propagates through the entire disc with a time-scale much less than the gas disc lifetime. Therefore, the observed warp in the debris disc must be produced after the gas disc has dispersed. With analytical secular theory calculations, I show that two secular resonances are exterior to β Pic b, located at $\sim 20$ and $\sim 25\, \rm au$. This agrees with my N-body simulations that show that these secular resonances shape the inner edge of the β Pic debris disc at a radius that agrees with observations.
Associations of disease duration and anti-citrullinated peptide antibody status with the effectiveness of abatacept in biologic-naïve patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Post hoc analysis of a multicentre, real-world observational study in Japan (ORIGAMI)
Authors: Misaki Kenta , Tamura Naoto , Azuma Takanori , Shinoda Koichiro , Tanaka Masao , Fujiwara Hiroshi , Tsuboi Hideki , Kasama Tsuyoshi , Yoshimi Ryusuke , Hanyu Tadamasa , Kusaka Yoshiaki , Hirao Makoto , Onishi Makoto , Uchino Ayumi , Izumiyama Tomomasa , Yang Kwang-Seok , Ogawa Noriyoshi , Matsui Kiyoshi , Kurasawa Kazuhiro , Kawaai Satoshi , Yasuoka Hidekata , Okumura Noriaki , Ueda Yo , Tanaka Eiichi , Inoue Eisuke , Tsuritani Katsuki , Matsumoto Shigeru , Yamanaka Hisashi , Harigai Masayoshi 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives
The aim of the article is to investigate the associations of disease duration and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA) status with the effectiveness of abatacept in biologic-naïve patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods
We performed post hoc analyses of the Orencia® Registry in Geographically Assembled Multicenter Investigation (ORIGAMI) study of biologic-naïve RA patients aged ≥20 years with moderate disease activity who were prescribed abatacept. Changes in the Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) and Japanese Health Assessment Questionnaire (J-HAQ) at 4, 24, and 52 weeks of treatment were analysed in patients divided according to ACPA serostatus (positive/negative), disease duration (&lt;1/≥1 year), or both.

Results
SDAI scores decreased from baseline in all groups. SDAI scores tended to decrease more in the ACPA-positive group and disease duration &lt;1-year group than in the ACPA-negative group and disease duration ≥1-year group, respectively. In the disease duration &lt;1-year group, SDAI tended to decrease more in the ACPA-positive group than in the ACPA-negative group. Disease duration was independently associated with the change in SDAI and SDAI remission at Week 52 in multivariable regression models.

Conclusions
These results suggest that starting abatacept within 1 year of diagnosis was associated with greater effectiveness of abatacept in biologic-naïve patients with RA and moderate disease activity.
Tunable quantum anomalous Hall effects in ferromagnetic van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Xue Feng , Hou Yusheng , Wang Zhe , Xu Zhiming , He Ke , Wu Ruqian , Xu Yong , Duan Wenhui 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
The quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) has unique advantages in topotronic applications, but it is still challenging to realize the QAHE with tunable magnetic and topological properties for building functional devices. Through systematic first-principles calculations, we predict that the in-plane magnetization induced QAHE with Chern numbers C = ±1 and the out-of-plane magnetization induced QAHE with high Chern numbers C = ±3 can be realized in a single material candidate, which is composed of van der Waals (vdW) coupled Bi and MnBi2Te4 monolayers. The switching between different phases of QAHE can be controlled in multiple ways, such as applying strain or (weak) magnetic field or twisting the vdW materials. The prediction of an experimentally available material system hosting robust, highly tunable QAHE will stimulate great research interest in the field. Our work opens a new avenue for the realization of tunable QAHE and provides a practical material platform for the development of topological electronics.
A Survey of Orthopedic Surgical Management of Pressure Ulcer–Related Pelvic Osteomyelitis
Authors: Russell Clark D , Tsang Shao-Ting Jerry , Dudareva Maria , R. W. Simpson Alasdair Hamish , Sutherland Rebecca K , McNally Martin A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Pressure-ulcer related pelvic osteomyelitis is managed with little high-quality evidence. We undertook an international survey of orthopedic surgical management, covering diagnostic parameters, multidisciplinary input, and surgical approaches (indications, timing, wound closure, and adjunctive therapies). This identified areas of consensus and disagreement, representing a starting point for future discussion and research.
Bacterium-enabled transient gene activation by artificial transcription factors for resolving gene regulation in maize
Authors: Zhao Mingxia , Peng Zhao , Qin Yang , Tamang Tej Man , Zhang Ling , Tian Bin , Chen Yueying , Liu Yan , Zhang Junli , Lin Guifang , Zheng Huakun , He Cheng , Lv Kaiwen , Klaus Alina , Marcon Caroline , Hochholdinger Frank , Trick Harold N , Liu Yunjun , Cho Myeong-Je , Park Sunghun , Wei Hairong , Zheng Jun , White Frank F , Liu Sanzhen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Understanding gene regulatory networks is essential to elucidate developmental processes and environmental responses. Here, we studied regulation of a maize (Zea mays) transcription factor gene using designer transcription activator-like effectors (dTALes), which are synthetic Type III TALes of the bacterial genus Xanthomonas and serve as inducers of disease susceptibility gene transcription in host cells. The maize pathogen Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum was used to introduce 2 independent dTALes into maize cells to induced expression of the gene glossy3 (gl3), which encodes a MYB transcription factor involved in biosynthesis of cuticular wax. RNA-seq analysis of leaf samples identified, in addition to gl3, 146 genes altered in expression by the 2 dTALes. Nine of the 10 genes known to be involved in cuticular wax biosynthesis were upregulated by at least 1 of the 2 dTALes. A gene previously unknown to be associated with gl3, Zm00001d017418, which encodes aldehyde dehydrogenase, was also expressed in a dTALe-dependent manner. A chemically induced mutant and a CRISPR-Cas9 mutant of Zm00001d017418 both exhibited glossy leaf phenotypes, indicating that Zm00001d017418 is involved in biosynthesis of cuticular waxes. Bacterial protein delivery of dTALes proved to be a straightforward and practical approach for the analysis and discovery of pathway-specific genes in maize.
Laisk measurements in the nonsteady state: Tests in plants exposed to warming and variable CO2 concentrations
Authors: Schmiege Stephanie C , Sharkey Thomas D , Walker Berkley , Hammer Julia , Way Danielle A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Light respiration (RL) is an important component of plant carbon balance and a key parameter in photosynthesis models. RL is often measured using the Laisk method, a gas exchange technique that is traditionally employed under steady-state conditions. However, a nonsteady-state dynamic assimilation technique (DAT) may allow for more rapid Laisk measurements. In 2 studies, we examined the efficacy of DAT for estimating RL and the parameter Ci* (the intercellular CO2 concentration where Rubisco's oxygenation velocity is twice its carboxylation velocity), which is also derived from the Laisk technique. In the first study, we compared DAT and steady-state RL and Ci* estimates in paper birch (Betula papyrifera) growing under control and elevated temperature and CO2 concentrations. In the second, we compared DAT-estimated RL and Ci* in hybrid poplar (Populus nigra L. × P. maximowiczii A. Henry “NM6”) exposed to high or low CO2 concentration pre-treatments. The DAT and steady-state methods provided similar RL estimates in B. papyrifera, and we found little acclimation of RL to temperature or CO2; however, Ci* was higher when measured with DAT compared to steady-state methods. These Ci* differences were amplified by the high or low CO2 pre-treatments. We propose that changes in the export of glycine from photorespiration may explain these apparent differences in Ci*.
Carotenoid sequestration protein FIBRILLIN participates in CmOR-regulated β-carotene accumulation in melon
Authors: Zhou Xuesong , Sun Tianhu , Owens Lauren , Yang Yong , Fish Tara , Wrightstone Emalee , Lui Andy , Yuan Hui , Chayut Noam , Burger Joseph , Tadmor Yaakov , Thannhauser Theodore , Guo Wangzhen , Cheng Lailiang , Li Li 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Chromoplasts are plant organelles with a unique ability to sequester and store massive carotenoids. Chromoplasts have been hypothesized to enable high levels of carotenoid accumulation due to enhanced sequestration ability or sequestration substructure formation. However, the regulators that control the substructure component accumulation and substructure formation in chromoplasts remain unknown. In melon (Cucumis melo) fruit, β-carotene accumulation in chromoplasts is governed by ORANGE (OR), a key regulator for carotenoid accumulation in chromoplasts. By using comparative proteomic analysis of a high β-carotene melon variety and its isogenic line low-β mutant that is defective in CmOr with impaired chromoplast formation, we identified carotenoid sequestration protein FIBRILLIN1 (CmFBN1) as differentially expressed. CmFBN1 expresses highly in melon fruit tissue. Overexpression of CmFBN1 in transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) containing ORHis that genetically mimics CmOr significantly enhances carotenoid accumulation, demonstrating its involvement in CmOR-induced carotenoid accumulation. Both in vitro and in vivo evidence showed that CmOR physically interacts with CmFBN1. Such an interaction occurs in plastoglobules and results in promoting CmFBN1 accumulation. CmOR greatly stabilizes CmFBN1, which stimulates plastoglobule proliferation and subsequently carotenoid accumulation in chromoplasts. Our findings show that CmOR directly regulates CmFBN1 protein levels and suggest a fundamental role of CmFBN1 in facilitating plastoglobule proliferation for carotenoid sequestration. This study also reveals an important genetic tool to further enhance OR-induced carotenoid accumulation in chromoplasts in crops.
ANCA-associated scleritis: impact of ANCA on presentation, response to therapy and outcome
Authors: Perray Laura , Nguyen Yann , Clavel Refregiers Gaëlle , Chazal Thibaud , Héron Emmanuel , Pouchelon Clara , Dunogué Bertrand , Costedoat-Chalumeau Nathalie , Murarasu Anne , Régent Alexis , Puéchal Xavier , Thoreau Benjamin , Lifermann François , Graveleau Julie , Hié Miguel , Froissart Antoine , Baudet Antoine , Deroux Alban , Lavigne Christian , Puigrenier Sébastien , Mesbah Rafik , Moulinet Thomas , Vasco Claire , Revuz Sabine , Pugnet Grégory , Rieu Virginie , Combes Anaïs , Brézin Antoine , Terrier Benjamin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To describe the characteristics, treatment and outcome of isolated ANCA-associated scleritis at diagnosis compared with idiopathic scleritis with negative ANCA tests.

Methods
This retrospective multicentre case–control study was performed within the French Vasculitis Study Group (FVSG) network and in three French tertiary ophthalmologic centres. Data from patients with scleritis without any systemic manifestation and with positive ANCA results were compared with those of a control group of patients with idiopathic scleritis with negative ANCA tests.

Results
A total of 120 patients, including 38 patients with ANCA-associated scleritis and 82 control patients, diagnosed between January 2007 and April 2022 were included. The median follow-up was 28 months (IQR 10–60). The median age at diagnosis was 48 years (IQR 33–60) and 75% were females. Scleromalacia was more frequent in ANCA-positive patients (P = 0.027) and 54% had associated ophthalmologic manifestations, without significant differences. ANCA-associated scleritis more frequently required systemic medications, including glucocorticoids (76% vs 34%; P &lt; 0.001), and rituximab (P = 0.03) and had a lower remission rate after the first- and second-line treatment. Systemic ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) occurred in 30.7% of patients with PR3- or MPO-ANCA, after a median interval of 30 months (IQR 16.3–44). Increased CRP &gt;5 mg/l at diagnosis was the only significant risk factor of progression to systemic AAV [adjusted hazard ratio 5.85 (95% CI 1.10, 31.01), P = 0.038].

Conclusion
Isolated ANCA-associated scleritis is mostly anterior scleritis with a higher risk of scleromalacia than ANCA-negative idiopathic scleritis and is more often difficult to treat. One-third of patients with PR3- or MPO-ANCA scleritis progressed to systemic AAV.
Development of a z-axis tilting technique using a chest phantom to reduce radiation exposure during computed tomography coronary angiography
Authors: Nosaka Rumiko , Shohji Tomokazu , Yanano Nobutaka , Kuriyama Kazuki , Nosaka Hiroki 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Japan has the highest estimated exposure frequency of diagnostic X-rays in the world. Furthermore, the volumetric computed tomography dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) of computed tomography coronary angiography are relatively high in Japanese diagnostic reference levels, and it is important to reduce both dose indices. This study proposed a new exposure reduction technique, the vanishing liver position (VLP), where the body is tilted to the right in the z-axis. The VLP advantages include reduction in the scanning range and overlap between the heart and the liver. Three different electrocardiogram protocols were employed, and changes in the tube current in the z-axis were measured during each protocol. Additionally, changes in the radiation exposure caused by z-axis tilting were evaluated. Our results indicate that this technique reduced CTDIvol and DLP by 6.2 and 8.9%, respectively, at most, indicating that this technique can reduce radiation exposure.