bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Woody species response to altered herbivore pressure at Isle Royale National Park
Authors: Sanders Suzanne , Kirschbaum Jessica 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHerbivores shape vegetative communities via numerous mechanisms, including browse. We used vegetation monitoring data from Isle Royale National Park to examine woody species change across a nine‐year interval, coinciding with herbivore escalation. Here, moose and snowshoe hare are the dominant herbivores, while the gray wolf is the apex predator. Our initial sampling period (2010) followed six years of low moose abundance, while our second sampling event (2019) followed a nine‐year escalation in moose density. We tested for change in both saplings and shrubs and compared diameter size distributions of common tree species in three island sections. We found a decline in large saplings of sugar maple, a species limited to the west section of the island. We also saw declines in small saplings of sugar maple, paper birch, and trembling aspen. For some species, including black spruce and white spruce, taxa that are unpalatable to moose, diameter distributions were proportionally larger (i.e., indicative of fewer small individuals) in 2019 than in 2010. In contrast, diameter distributions of black ash in the central section and trembling aspen in the central and east sections of the island were proportionally smaller (indicative of more small individuals) in 2019 than in 2010. We found that ~50% of common shrub taxa were more abundant during the second sampling event, while none declined. Our work here brings to light several unanticipated results. While we demonstrated partial recovery of trembling aspen, likely originating during the earlier period of low moose abundance, our results suggest further changes may be attributable to other island herbivores. The response of black ash, a hydric species, may be stemming from a sixfold increase in active beaver sites, while that of spruce may be attributable to a historic spike in snowshoe hare density. We currently have only a limited understanding of the impacts of the island's lesser studied herbivores on overstory regeneration. Further research on these linkages can inform decisions addressing controls on forest structure.
Food scarcity and disease concern reduce interdependence when people eat together
Authors: Guevara Beltran Diego , Whisner Corrie M. , Krems Jaimie A. , Todd Peter M. , Aktipis Athena 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFood sharing is central to the human experience, serving biological and sociocultural functions. Historically, food sharing has allowed people to manage food shortages, creating positive interdependence among those who pool calories and other sources of risk. However, sharing food may lead to negative outcomes when food is scarce, or when there is a threat of disease. We found that sharing food (compared with sharing pencils) led to reduced cooperation with an experiment partner (Study 1) and that perceived scarcity partially mediated a negative association between zero‐sum orientation and perceived interdependence with people involved in a recently shared meal (Studies 2–3). Disgust was also associated with lower perceived interdependence toward people involved in a shared meal (Study 3; NTotal = 1126). Our results suggest that scarcity and disgust can interfere with the positive feelings people might otherwise experience when eating together, warning against lay beliefs that ‘breaking bread’ necessarily brings people together.
Refining the electroclinical spectrum of NPRL3‐related epilepsy: A novel multiplex family and literature review
Authors: Dainelli Alice , Iacomino Michele , Rossato Sara , Bugin Samuela , Traverso Monica , Severino Mariasavina , Gustincich Stefano , Capra Valeria , Di Duca Marco , Zara Federico , Scala Marcello , Striano Pasquale 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveNPRL3‐related epilepsy (NRE) is an emerging condition set within the wide GATOR‐1 spectrum with a particularly heterogeneous and elusive phenotypic expression. Here, we delineated the genotype–phenotype spectrum of NRE, reporting an illustrative familial case and reviewing pertinent literature.MethodsThrough exome sequencing (ES), we investigated a 12‐year‐old girl with recurrent focal motor seizures during sleep, suggestive of sleep‐related hypermotor epilepsy (SHE), and a family history of epilepsy in siblings. Variant segregation analysis was performed by Sanger sequencing. All previously published NRE patients were thoroughly reviewed and their electroclinical features were analyzed and compared with the reported subjects.ResultsIn the proband, ES detected the novel NPRL3 frameshift variant (NM_001077350.3): c.151_152del (p.Thr51Glyfs*5). This variant is predicted to cause a loss of function and segregated in one affected brother. The review of 76 patients from 18 publications revealed the predominance of focal‐onset seizures (67/74–90%), with mainly frontal and frontotemporal (32/67–47.7%), unspecified (19/67–28%), or temporal (9/67–13%) onset. Epileptic syndromes included familial focal epilepsy with variable foci (FFEVF) (29/74–39%) and SHE (11/74–14.9%). Fifteen patients out of 60 (25%) underwent epilepsy surgery, 11 of whom achieved complete seizure remission (11/15–73%). Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) type 2A was the most frequent histopathological finding.SignificanceWe reported an illustrative NPRL3‐related epilepsy (NRE) family with incomplete penetrance. This condition consists of a heterogeneous spectrum of clinical and neuroradiological features. Focal‐onset motor seizures are predominant, and almost half of the cases fulfill the criteria for SHE or FFEVF. MRI‐negative cases are prevalent, but the association with malformations of cortical developments (MCDs) is significant, especially FCD type 2a. The beneficial impact of epilepsy surgery in patients with MCD‐related epilepsy further supports the inclusion of brain MRI in the workup of NRE patients.
Transversus abdominis plane block improves postoperative recovery following cesarean delivery under general anesthesia: A propensity score matched retrospective cohort study
Authors: Tao Shengnan , Ning Meng , Lu Yao , Hu Chengyang , Chen Lijian , Yang Yuanyuan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block on postoperative recovery 24 h after cesarean delivery under general anesthesia.MethodsA propensity‐score‐matched, retrospective cohort study was used. A total of 173 pregnancies resulting in elective cesarean delivery under general anesthesia between March 2021 and March 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. Patients receiving TAP block were compared with those receiving only intravenous analgesia. The Quality of Recovery 15 (QoR‐15) score, assessed 24 h postoperatively using a 15‐item questionnaire, was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included time to first ambulation, time to first flatus postoperatively, ability to tolerate ambulation, visual analog scale (VAS) score, hospitalization cost, and postoperative nausea and/or vomiting.ResultsThe total QoR‐15 score 24 h postoperatively in the TAP group was significantly higher than in the Control group (P < 0.001). Patients in the TAP group had higher Bruggemann comfort scale scores (P < 0.001), could better tolerate early postoperative ambulation (P < 0.001), and had shorter time to first ambulation (P < 0.001) and flatus (P < 0.001). Correlation analysis demonstrated an inverse relationship between the cumulative VAS pain scores, time to first postoperative ambulation, time to first flatus, and total QoR‐15 score 24 h postoperatively.ConclusionsFollowing cesarean delivery under general anesthesia, TAP block combined with intravenous analgesia can improve postoperative recovery and shorten the time to postoperative ambulation and recovery of intestinal function.
Role of aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio in the prediction and prognosis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: A case–control study from a tertiary center
Authors: Peker Ayça , Tanaçan Atakan , İpek Göksun , Ağaoğlu Zahid , Şahin Dilek 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio (APRI) score as a predictive and prognostic test in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP).MethodsThis study was conducted in 198 patients diagnosed with ICP and 204 healthy pregnant women who presented to a tertiary center between 2019 and 2022. APRI scores; laboratory findings in the first, second, and third trimesters; and perinatal outcomes were compared between the two groups. The ICP group was evaluated for correlation between APRI scores and composite adverse outcomes. Two different receiver operating characteristic analyses were performed to determine optimal cutoff values of predictive APRI score of ICP and composite adverse outcomes in patients with ICP.ResultsAspartate aminotransferase values and APRI scores were significantly higher in the ICP group in all trimesters (P < 0.001). The optimal cutoff values of APRI scores to predict ICP for the first, second, and third trimesters were 0.101 (79.7% sensitivity, 79.6% specificity), 0.103 (78.4% sensitivity, 76.3% specificity), and 0.098 (72.5% sensitivity, 72% specificity), respectively. APRI scores were statistically higher in patients with ICP with composite adverse outcomes in all trimesters (P values of 0.03, 0.04, and 0.01, respectively).ConclusionAPRI score was found to be a valuable predictor of ICP and its adverse outcomes during the entire pregnancy.
Noise‐insensitive defocused signal and resolution enhancement for optical‐resolution photoacoustic microscopy via deep learning
Authors: Wang Rui , Zhang Zhipeng , Chen Ruiyi , Yu Xiaohai , Zhang Hongyu , Hu Gang , Liu Qiegen , Song Xianlin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOptical‐resolution photoacoustic microscopy suffers from narrow depth of field and a significant deterioration in defocused signal intensity and spatial resolution. Here, a method based on deep learning was proposed to enhance the defocused resolution and signal‐to‐noise ratio. A virtual optical‐resolution photoacoustic microscopy based on k‐wave was used to obtain the datasets of deep learning with different noise levels. A fully dense U‐Net was trained with randomly distributed sources to improve the quality of photoacoustic images. The results show that the PSNR of defocused signal was enhanced by more than 1.2 times. An over 2.6‐fold enhancement in lateral resolution and an over 3.4‐fold enhancement in axial resolution of defocused regions were achieved. The large volumetric and high‐resolution imaging of blood vessels further verified that the proposed method can effectively overcome the deterioration of the signal and the spatial resolution due to the narrow depth of field of optical‐resolution photoacoustic microscopy.
Vitamin C Deficiency Deteriorates Bone Microarchitecture and Mineralization in a Sex-Specific Manner in Adult Mice
Authors: Blouin Stéphane , Khani Farzaneh , Messmer Phaedra , Roschger Paul , Hartmann Markus A. , van Wijnen Andre J. , Thaler Roman , Misof Barbara M. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Vitamin C (VitC) is essential for bone health, and low VitC serum levels increase the risk for skeletal fractures. If and how VitC affects bone mineralization is unclear. Using micro-computed tomography (μCT), histologic staining, as well as quantitative backscattered electron imaging (qBEI), we assessed the effects of VitC on femoral structure and microarchitecture, bone formation, and bone mineralization density distribution (BMDD) in the VitC incompetent Gulo−/− mouse model and wild-type mice. In particular, VitC-supplemented, 20-week-old mice were compared with age-matched counterparts where dietary VitC intake was excluded from week 15. VitC depletion in Gulo−/− mice severely reduced cortical thickness of the diaphyseal shaft and bone volume around the growth plate (eg, bone volume of the primary spongiosa −43%, p &lt; 0.001). Loss of VitC also diminished the amount of newly formed bone tissue as visualized by histology and calcein labeling of the active mineralization front. BMDD analysis revealed a shift to higher calcium concentrations upon VitC supplementation, including higher average (~10% increase in female VitC deficient mice, p &lt; 0.001) and peak calcium concentrations in the epiphyseal and metaphyseal spongiosa. These findings suggest higher bone tissue age. Importantly, loss of VitC had significantly more pronounced effects in female mice, indicating a higher sensitivity of their skeleton to VitC deficiency. Our results reveal that VitC plays a key role in bone formation rate, which directly affects mineralization. We propose that low VitC levels may contribute to the higher prevalence of bone-degenerative diseases in females and suggest leveraging this vitamin against these conditions. © 2023 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Abstract
Vitamin C deficiency disrupts bone microarchitecture, as well as bone formation and mineralization in Gulo−/− mice, which emphasizes the importance of this micronutrient for the skeleton. Importantly, the female skeleton is significantly more sensitive to vitamin C deficiency than the male skeleton, indicating sex-specific differences in vitamin C requirements for bone.
Myocardial Blood Flow Determination From Contrast‐Free Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quantification of Coronary Sinus Flow
Authors: Tingsgaard Jakob Koefoed , Sørensen Martin Heyn , Bojer Annemie Stege , Anderson Robert H. , Broadbent David Andrew , Plein Sven , Gæde Peter , Madsen Per Lav 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundDetermination of myocardial blood flow (MBF) with MRI is usually performed with dynamic contrast enhanced imaging (MBFDCE). MBF can also be determined from coronary sinus blood flow (MBFCS), which has the advantage of being a noncontrast technique. However, comparative studies of MBFDCE and MBFCS in large cohorts are lacking.PurposeTo compare MBFCS and MBFDCE in a large cohort.Study TypeProspective, sequence‐comparison study.Population147 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (age: 56+/−12 years; 106 male; diabetes duration: 12.9+/−8.1 years), and 25 age‐matched controls.Field Strength/Sequences1.5 Tesla scanner. Saturation recovery sequence for MBFDCE vs. phase‐contrast gradient‐echo pulse sequence (free‐breathing) for MBFCS.AssessmentMBFDCE and MBFCS were determined at rest and during coronary dilatation achieved by administration of adenosine at 140 μg/kg/min. Myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) was calculated as the stress/rest ratio of MBF values. Coronary sinus flow was determined twice in the same imaging session for repeatability assessment.Statistical TestsAgreement between MBFDCE and MBFCS was assessed with Bland and Altman's technique. Repeatability was determined from single‐rater random intraclass and repeatability coefficients.ResultsRest and stress flows, including both MBFDCE and MBFCS values, ranged from 33 to 146 mL/min/100 g and 92 to 501 mL/min/100 g, respectively. Intraclass and repeatability coefficients for MBFCS were 0.95 (CI 0.90; 0.95) and 5 mL/min/100 g. In Bland–Altman analysis, mean bias at rest was –1.1 mL/min/100 g (CI −3.1; 0.9) with limits of agreement of −27 and 24.8 mL/min/100 g. Mean bias at stress was 6.3 mL/min/100 g (CI −1.1; 14.1) with limits of agreement of −86.9 and 99.9. Mean bias of MPR was 0.11 (CI: −0.02; 0.23) with limits of agreement of −1.43 and 1.64.ConclusionMBF may be determined from coronary sinus blood flow, with acceptable bias, but relatively large limits of agreement, against the reference of MBFDCE.Level of Evidence1Technical Efficacy Stage2
Activation of periodontal ligament cell cytodifferentiation by juxtacrine signaling from cementoblasts
Authors: Sawada Keigo , Shimomura Junpei , Takedachi Masahide , Murata Mari , Morimoto Chiaki , Kawasaki Kohsuke , Kawakami Kazuma , Iwayama Tomoaki , Murakami Shinya 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundNew cementum forms from existing cementum during periodontal tissue regeneration, indicating that cementoblasts may interact with progenitor cells in the periodontal ligament to enhance cementogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms of this process are currently unknown. This study aims to clarify the role of cell‐cell interactions between cementoblasts and periodontal ligament cells in differentiation into cementoblasts.MethodsTo analyze the role of human cementoblast‐like cells (HCEMs) on human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLs), we mixed cell suspensions of enhanced green fluorescent protein‐tagged HPDLs and HCEMs, and then seeded and cultured them in single wells (direct co‐cultures). We sorted co‐cultured HPDLs and analyzed their characteristics, including the expression of cementum‐related genes. In addition, we cultured HPDLs and HCEMs in a non‐contact environment using a culture system composed of an upper insert and a lower well separated by a semi‐permeable membrane (indirect co‐cultures), and similar analysis was performed. Gene expression of integrin‐binding sialoprotein (IBSP) in cementoblasts was confirmed in mouse periodontal tissues. We also investigated the effect of Wingless‐type (Wnt) signaling on the differentiation of HPDLs into cementoblasts.ResultsDirect co‐culture of HPDLs with HCEMs significantly upregulated the expression of cementoblast‐related genes in HPDLs, whereas indirect co‐culture exerted no effect. Wnt3A stimulation significantly upregulated IBSP expression in HPDLs, whereas inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling suppressed the effects of co‐culture.ConclusionOur results suggest that direct cell interactions with cementoblasts promote periodontal ligament cell differentiation into cementoblasts. Juxtacrine signaling via the canonical Wnt pathway plays a role in this interaction.
Value of Adherence to Posttreatment Follow‐Up Guidelines for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Stone Ashley , Liu Jianyou , Lin Juan , Schiff Bradley A. , Ow Thomas J. , Mehta Vikas , Smith Richard V. 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesThe utility of intensive posttreatment surveillance of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has been debated. The objective is to investigate adherence to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) posttreatment follow‐up guidelines and assess the association with recurrence and survival.MethodsA total of 452 patients diagnosed with HNSCC at an academic medical center in a socioeconomically disadvantaged, urban setting were categorized by adherence to NCCN follow‐up guidelines. Survival analyses were conducted to study the association between adherence and the 5‐year overall survival and disease‐specific survival in the entire cohort and subset of patients with documented recurrence.ResultsWe found that 23.5% of patients were adherent to NCCN follow‐up guidelines in the first year after treatment, and 15.9% were adherent over 5 years. Adherence in the first year was significantly associated with 5‐year overall survival (HR 0.634; 95% CI 0.443–0.906; p = 0.0124) and disease‐specific survival (HR 0.556; 95% CI 0.312–0.992; p = 0.0470), but consistent adherence over 5 years did not show a significant association. Among the 21.7% of the cohort with recurrence, adherence was not associated with early‐stage recurrence (AJCC stage I/II). In this subset, first year adherence was associated with improved disease‐specific but not overall survival, and adherence over 5 years was not associated with survival.ConclusionAdherence to NCCN follow‐up guidelines in the first year after treatment was associated with a better chance of 5‐year overall and disease‐specific survival, but this significant association was not observed among those who demonstrated consistent adherence over 5 years.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:708–716, 2024
The dynamic impact of landscape urbanization on ecosystem service multifunctionality in the Chengdu–Chongqing urban agglomeration: A panel VAR approach
Authors: Li Weijie , Kang Jinwen , Wang Yong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the influence mechanism of landscape urbanization on ecosystem services (ESs) will provide useful guides for ecosystem conservation and urban sustainable management. However, the models used in existing studies tended to evaluate the various impacts of landscape urbanization on ES in the same period and fail to reveal the dynamic response of ES to landscape urbanization and the contribution of each impact variable, which is not conducive to the long‐term planning and management of urban ecosystems. To fill the gap, based on the panel data of the 141 counties in the Chengdu–Chongqing urban agglomeration (CCUA) from 2000 to 2015, this study applied the panel vector autoregressive (PVAR) model to investigate the dynamic impact of different aspects (i.e., urban scale, density, shape, and compactness) of landscape urbanization on ES multifunctionality (ESM) and identified the key impact factors. The results showed that (1) the proportion of high‐level ESM decreased by 9.13% in 2000–2010 and then increased by 19.14% in 2010–2015; (2) the ESM of the CCUA existed significant spatial agglomeration, and the high‐level areas were concentrated in the southwestern mountains, while the low‐level areas were mainly located in the central plains and urban areas; (3) There was a strong non‐linear relationship between landscape urbanization and ESM, with variability in the intensity and direction of ESM's response to landscape urbanization shocks as time. Specifically, urban landscape scale and shape (i.e., percentage of landscape, largest patch index (LPI), and landscape shape index) were generally more influential on the ESM than urban landscape density and compactness (i.e., patch density and pacth cohesion index), with LPI making the greatest contribution. These findings will help to clarify the dynamic relationship between landscape urbanization and ESM, which could provide important guidance for ecosystem conservation and urban planning.
Control of particulate manganese (Mn) cycling in halocline Arctic Ocean waters by putative Mn‐oxidizing bacterial dynamics
Authors: Colombo Manuel , LaRoche Julie , Desai Dhwani , Li Jingxuan , Maldonado Maria T. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractParticulate Mn, given its high adsorptive capacity and oxidation potential, has profound impacts on the cycling of various trace elements and organic matter in the ocean. Moreover, particulate Mn acts as a sink (via oxidation and adsorption) or as a source (via remineralization and photoreduction) term of bioactive dissolved Mn(II). In the Canadian Arctic Ocean, particulate Mn distributions in the water column revealed the presence of distinctively high particulate Mn concentrations and an overwhelming dominance of the non‐lithogenic component to the bulk particulate Mn pool. This phenomenon is of particular importance in halocline waters in the Canada Basin, the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and Baffin Bay, and near‐bottom samples in Baffin Bay. Enhanced microbially‐mediated Mn oxidation in the water column is suggested as the main mechanism driving the non‐lithogenic dominance. Indeed, the microbial community composition data associated with high non‐lithogenic particulate Mn (i.e., Mn oxides) display a high relative abundance of taxa (e.g., f.Pirellulaceae, o.Phycisphaerales, f.Cryomorphaceae, g. Moritella) that have been identified in Mn oxide enriched environments. Furthermore, numerous taxa identified in the Canada Basin halocline water, where non‐lithogenic particulate Mn peaked, are phylogenetically related to known (cultured) Mn‐oxidizing bacteria (MnOB; e.g., Rhodobacteraceae, Oceanospirillaceae, Rhizobiaceae, and other Alphaproteobacteria). Putative MnOB appears to proliferate in certain water masses having a unique set of environmental conditions: low light intensity—alleviating photoinhibition—and high dissolved Mn concentrations, the main drivers known to influence MnOB dynamic, and hence, Mn oxidation.