bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation of Centrifugally Driven Convection in Jovian Inner Magnetosphere Using the Rice Convection Model
Authors: Wang Yuxian , Yang Jian , Guo Xiaocheng , Wang Chi , Blanc Michel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe dynamics of the Jovian inner magnetosphere are dominated by centrifugally driven convection. We use the newly developed Rice Convection Model‐Jupiter to simulate the interchange instability and the plasma transport in the Jovian inner magnetosphere (L < 20 RJ). The model explicitly incorporates the active Io plasma source and its related pickup effect. A series of runs are performed to parametrically investigate how ionospheric conductances and Io source rate affect the convection system. Simulation results show that the iogenic plasma is transported outward in the form of elongated fingers. The outflow radial velocity in the quasi‐steady state increases with further distances, reaching a value of over ∼30 km/s at L = 20 RJ, and is in general higher than that of the inflow. It is found that the interchange instability and the convection can be significantly affected by the conductance and Io source rate. A larger Pedersen conductance or a lower source rate produces a slower radial inflow/outflow and a less prominent corotation lag of the outflow throughout the inner magnetosphere, while the angular velocity for the inflow is always near zero and not significantly affected. Furthermore, a uniform Hall conductance () exerts little influence on the convection system, while the inhomogeneity of can significantly regulate the plasma convection.
Recovery of the Alberta Basin Sedimentary Structures in Southern‐Central Alberta Using Nonlinear Inversions of Receiver Functions
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Gu Yu Jeffrey , Dokht Ramin M. H. , Chen Yunfeng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSecondary converted waves from receiver functions are highly sensitive to physical properties below the Earth's surface. When modeled properly, the waveforms of converted waves offer direct constraints on the impedance contrast, depth, and P‐to‐S velocity ratio pertaining to sedimentary, crustal and mantle interfaces. In this study we introduce a nonlinear waveform inversion algorithm that matches the first 5 s of receiver functions recorded in the Alberta Basin within the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB). Our algorithm searches for the optimal thickness of the sedimentary cover and shear velocities of appropriately selected layers within and below it. Combining inversions with forward simulations, we determine the supracrustal stratigraphy from 80 regional broadband seismic stations in the WCSB. The inverted models show east tapering sedimentary layers with their thicknesses ranging from ∼6 km beneath the foothills of the Canadian Rocky Mountains to 3–4 km beneath the Alberta Basin. This finding is consistent with the sedimentary strata determined from regional well‐logging data. The sedimentary layer contains low velocity zones of variable thicknesses and amplitudes that, depending on the locations, may be caused by mechanisms involving deposition, composition or deformation history. Our shear velocity models near the top of the basement complement the existing sonic‐logs or single component seismic data and offer new constraints on the subsidence history of the WCSB. The resolved range of depths (0–14 km) effectively bridges the gap between the vertical scales of well logging (0–6 km) and those of traditional broadband analysis (>10 km) involving receiver functions and surface waves.
Long-term cardiovascular consequences of adolescent anorexia nervosa
Authors: Springall Gabriella A. C. , Caughey Michelle , Zannino Diana , Kyprianou Kypros , Mynard Jonathan P. , Rudolph Subashini , Cheong Jeanie , Yeo Michele , Cheung Michael M. H. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with maladaptive cardiovascular changes. This study investigated whether individuals who recovered from AN during adolescence experience long-term cardiovascular risk in early adulthood.

Methods
Former AN patients discharged from the Royal Children’s and Monash Children’s Hospital Eating Disorder Services in Melbourne, Australia underwent cardiovascular testing. Measurements were performed using an oscillometric device for blood pressure and pulse wave velocity, ultrasound for carotid wall structure/function, resting electrocardiogram for heart-rate variability, and the EndoPat 2000 (Itamar) system for endothelial function. Patient measures were compared to healthy controls and/or normal thresholds.

Results
Ninety-one percent of the former AN patients (N = 22) and controls (N = 66) were female, aged approximately 25 years, with a healthy body mass index. The mean time interval from AN recovery to participation was 7.4 years. Pulse wave velocity was lower in the former AN patients than controls. Carotid intima–media thickness was not different; however, carotid distensibility and compliance were lower, and the elastic modulus higher in the former AN patients. Greater vagal tone was observed and endothelial dysfunction was evident in 46% of the former patients.

Conclusions
Young adults who recovered from adolescent AN exhibit persistent cardiovascular adaptations. Routine cardiovascular monitoring could manage potential disease risk.

Impact

Cardiovascular complications are common in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and population studies have revealed that developmental adaptations in response to undernutrition have long-term consequences for cardiovascular health.

In this study of young adults treated for AN during adolescence, there was evidence of increased carotid artery stiffness, reduced aortic stiffness, vagal hyperactivity, and endothelial dysfunction in early adulthood when compared to healthy controls.

It is important to consider the cardiovascular health of patients with AN beyond achieving medical stability.

Interventions that monitor cardiovascular health could minimise the burden of future cardiovascular disease.
Alcohol-specific transcriptional dynamics of memory reconsolidation and relapse
Authors: Goltseker Koral , Garay Patricia , Bonefas Katherine , Iwase Shigeki , Barak Segev 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRelapse, a critical issue in alcohol addiction, can be attenuated by disruption of alcohol-associated memories. Memories are thought to temporarily destabilize upon retrieval during the reconsolidation process. Here, we provide evidence for unique transcriptional dynamics underpinning alcohol memory reconsolidation. Using a mouse place-conditioning procedure, we show that alcohol-memory retrieval increases the mRNA expression of immediate-early genes in the dorsal hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex, and that alcohol seeking is abolished by post-retrieval non-specific inhibition of gene transcription, or by downregulating ARC expression using antisense-oligodeoxynucleotides. However, since retrieval of memories for a natural reward (sucrose) also increased the same immediate-early gene expression, we explored for alcohol-specific transcriptional changes using RNA-sequencing. We revealed a unique transcriptional fingerprint activated by alcohol memories, as the expression of this set of plasticity-related genes was not altered by sucrose-memory retrieval. Our results suggest that alcohol memories may activate two parallel transcription programs: one is involved in memory reconsolidation in general, and another is specifically activated during alcohol-memory processing.
A lncRNA-encoded mitochondrial micropeptide exacerbates microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Zheng Xintong , Wang Mingwei , Liu Shuting , Chen Haiqiao , Li Yifei , Yuan Fa , Yang Ludong , Qiu Suo , Wang Hongwei , Xie Zhi , Xiang Mengqing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAs a common pathology of many ocular disorders such as diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma, retinal ischemia/reperfusion (IR) triggers inflammation and microglia activation that lead to irreversible retinal damage. The detailed molecular mechanism underlying retinal IR injury, however, remains poorly understood at present. Here we report the bioinformatic identification of a lncRNA 1810058I24Rik (181-Rik) that was shown to encode a mitochondrion-located micropeptide Stmp1. Its deficiency in mice protected retinal ganglion cells from retinal IR injury by attenuating the activation of microglia and the Nlrp3 inflammasome pathway. Moreover, its genetic knockout in mice or knockdown in primary microglia promoted mitochondrial fusion, impaired mitochondrial membrane potential, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, diminished aerobic glycolysis, and ameliorated inflammation. It appears that 181-Rik may trigger the Nlrp3 inflammasome activation by controlling mitochondrial functions through inhibiting expression of the metabolic sensor uncoupling protein 2 (Ucp2) and activating expression of the Ca2+ sensors S100a8/a9. Together, our findings shed new light on the molecular pathogenesis of retinal IR injury and may provide a fresh therapeutic target for IR-associated neurodegenerative diseases.
ERK1/2-dependent TSPO overactivation associates with the loss of mitophagy and mitochondrial respiration in ALS
Authors: Magrì Andrea , Lipari Cristiana Lucia Rita , Risiglione Pierpaolo , Zimbone Stefania , Guarino Francesca , Caccamo Antonella , Messina Angela 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMitochondrial dysfunction and the loss of mitophagy, aimed at recycling irreversibly damaged organelles, contribute to the onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurodegenerative disease affecting spinal cord motor neurons. In this work, we showed that the reduction of mitochondrial respiration, exactly oxygen flows linked to ATP production and maximal capacity, correlates with the appearance of the most common ALS motor symptoms in a transgenic mouse model expressing SOD1 G93A mutant. This is the result of the equal inhibition in the respiration linked to complex I and II of the electron transport chain, but not their protein levels. Since the overall mitochondrial mass was unvaried, we investigated the expression of the Translocator Protein (TSPO), a small mitochondrial protein whose overexpression was recently linked to the loss of mitophagy in a model of Parkinson’s disease. Here we clearly showed that levels of TSPO are significantly increased in ALS mice. Mechanistically, this increase is linked to the overactivation of ERK1/2 pathway and correlates with a decrease in the expression of the mitophagy-related marker Atg12, indicating the occurrence of impairments in the activation of mitophagy. Overall, our work sets out TSPO as a key regulator of mitochondrial homeostasis in ALS.
ASAP1 activates the IQGAP1/CDC42 pathway to promote tumor progression and chemotherapy resistance in gastric cancer
Authors: Xie Wangkai , Han Zheng , Zuo Ziyi , Xin Dong , Chen Hua , Huang Juanjuan , Zhu Siyu , Lou Han , Yu Zhiqiang , Chen Chenbin , Chen Sian , Hu Yuanbo , Huang Jingjing , Zhang Fabiao , Ni Zhonglin , Shen Xian , Xue Xiangyang , Lin Kezhi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAbnormal expression and remodeling of cytoskeletal regulatory proteins are important mechanisms for tumor development and chemotherapy resistance. This study systematically analyzed the relationship between differential expression of cytoskeleton genes and prognosis in gastric cancer (GC). We found the Arf GTP-activating protein ASAP1 plays a key role in cytoskeletal remodeling and prognosis in GC patients. Here we analyzed the expression level of ASAP1 in tissue microarrays carrying 564 GC tissues by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that ASAP1 expression was upregulated in GC cells and can be served as a predictor of poor prognosis. Moreover, ASAP1 promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells both in vitro and in vivo. We also demonstrated that ASAP1 inhibited the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of IQGAP1 and thus enhanced the activity of CDC42. The activated CDC42 upregulated the EGFR-MAPK pathway, thereby promoting the resistance to chemotherapy in GC. Taken together, our results revealed a novel mechanism by which ASAP1 acts in the progression and chemotherapy resistance in GC. This may provide an additional treatment option for patients with GC.
DNALI1 deficiency causes male infertility with severe asthenozoospermia in humans and mice by disrupting the assembly of the flagellar inner dynein arms and fibrous sheath
Authors: Wu Huan , Liu Yiyuan , Li Yuqian , Li Kuokuo , Xu Chuan , Gao Yang , Lv Mingrong , Guo Rui , Xu Yuping , Zhou Ping , Wei Zhaolian , Hua Rong , He Xiaojin , Cao Yunxia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe axonemal dynein arms (outer (ODA) and inner dynein arms (IDAs)) are multiprotein structures organized by light, intermediate, light intermediate (LIC), and heavy chain proteins. They hydrolyze ATP to promote ciliary and flagellar movement. Till now, a variety of dynein protein deficiencies have been linked with asthenospermia (ASZ), highlighting the significance of these structures in human sperm motility. Herein, we detected bi-allelic DNALI1 mutations [c.663_666del (p.Glu221fs)], in an ASZ patient, which resulted in the complete loss of the DNALI1 in the patient’s sperm. We identified loss of sperm DNAH1 and DNAH7 rather than DNAH10 in both DNALI1663_666del patient and Dnali1−/− mice, demonstrating that mammalian DNALI1 is a LIC protein of a partial IDA subspecies. More importantly, we revealed that DNALI1 loss contributed to asymmetries in the most fibrous sheath (FS) of the sperm flagellum in both species. Immunoprecipitation revealed that DNALI1 might interact with the cytoplasmic dynein complex proteins in the testes. Furthermore, DNALI1 loss severely disrupted the transport and assembly of the FS proteins, especially AKAP3 and AKAP4, during flagellogenesis. Hence, DNALI1 may possess a non-classical molecular function, whereby it regulates the cytoplasmic dynein complex that assembles the flagella. We conclude that a DNALI deficiency-induced IDAs injury and an asymmetric FS-driven tail rigid structure alteration may simultaneously cause flagellum immotility. Finally, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) can effectively resolve patient infertility. Collectively, we demonstrate that DNALI1 is a newly causative gene for AZS in both humans and mice, which possesses multiple crucial roles in modulating flagellar assembly and motility.
Community science designed ribosomes with beneficial phenotypes
Authors: Krüger Antje , Watkins Andrew M. , Wellington-Oguri Roger , Romano Jonathan , Kofman Camila , DeFoe Alysse , Kim Yejun , Anderson-Lee Jeff , Fisker Eli , Townley Jill ,   Eterna Participants, d’Aquino Anne E. , Das Rhiju , Jewett Michael C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFunctional design of ribosomes with mutant ribosomal RNA (rRNA) can expand opportunities for understanding molecular translation, building cells from the bottom-up, and engineering ribosomes with altered capabilities. However, such efforts are hampered by cell viability constraints, an enormous combinatorial sequence space, and limitations on large-scale, 3D design of RNA structures and functions. To address these challenges, we develop an integrated community science and experimental screening approach for rational design of ribosomes. This approach couples Eterna, an online video game that crowdsources RNA sequence design to community scientists in the form of puzzles, with in vitro ribosome synthesis, assembly, and translation in multiple design-build-test-learn cycles. We apply our framework to discover mutant rRNA sequences that improve protein synthesis in vitro and cell growth in vivo, relative to wild type ribosomes, under diverse environmental conditions. This work provides insights into rRNA sequence-function relationships and has implications for synthetic biology.
Long-lived electronic spin qubits in single-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Chen Jia-Shiang , Trerayapiwat Kasidet Jing , Sun Lei , Krzyaniak Matthew D. , Wasielewski Michael R. , Rajh Tijana , Sharifzadeh Sahar , Ma Xuedan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractElectron spins in solid-state systems offer the promise of spin-based information processing devices. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), an all-carbon one-dimensional material whose spin-free environment and weak spin-orbit coupling promise long spin coherence times, offer a diverse degree of freedom for extended range of functionality not available to bulk systems. A key requirement limiting spin qubit implementation in SWCNTs is disciplined confinement of isolated spins. Here, we report the creation of highly confined electron spins in SWCNTs via a bottom-up approach. The record long coherence time of 8.2 µs and spin-lattice relaxation time of 13 ms of these electronic spin qubits allow demonstration of quantum control operation manifested as Rabi oscillation. Investigation of the decoherence mechanism reveals an intrinsic coherence time of tens of milliseconds. These findings evident that combining molecular approaches with inorganic crystalline systems provides a powerful route for reproducible and scalable quantum materials suitable for qubit applications.
Long-lifetime water-washable ceramic catalyst filter for air purification
Authors: Kwon Hyuk Jae , Yang Dong Sik , Koo Min Seok , Ji Sang Min , Jeong Joonseon , Oh Sehyeong , Kuk Su Keun , Heo Hyeon-su , Ham Dong Jin , Kim Mijong , Choi Hyoungwoo , Lee Jong-Min , Shur Joong-Won , Lee Woo-Jin , Bin Chang-Ook , Timofeev Nikolay , Wu Huiqing , Wang Liming , Lee Taewoo , Jacob Daniel J. , Lee Hyun Chul 
Published: February 2023

AbstractParticulate matter (PM) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are recognised as hazardous air pollutants threatening human health. Disposable filters are generally used for air purification despite frequent replacement and waste generation problems. However, the development of a novel regenerable and robust filter for long-term use is a huge challenge. Here, we report on a new class of facile water-washing regenerable ceramic catalyst filters (CCFs), developed to simultaneously remove PM (>95%) and VOCs (>82%) in single-pass and maximized space efficiency by coating the inner and outer filter channels with an inorganic membrane and a Cu2O/TiO2 photocatalyst, respectively. The CCFs reveal four-fold increase in the maximum dust loading capacity (approximately 20 g/L) in relation to conventional filters (5 g/L), and can be reused after ten regeneration capability with simple water washing retaining initial PM and VOC removal performances. Thus, the CCFs can be well-suited for indoor and outdoor air purification for 20 years, which shows a huge increase in lifetime compared to the 6-month lifespan of conventional filters. Finally, we believe that the development and implementation of CCFs for air purification can open new avenues for sustainable technology through renewability and zero-waste generation.
Local inversion-symmetry breaking in a bismuthate high-Tc superconductor
Authors: Griffitt S. , Spaić M. , Joe J. , Anderson Z. W. , Zhai D. , Krogstad M. J. , Osborn R. , Pelc D. , Greven M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe doped perovskite BaBiO3exhibits a maximum superconducting transition temperature (Tc) of 34 K and was the first high-Tcoxide to be discovered, yet pivotal questions regarding the nature of both the metallic and superconducting states remain unresolved. Although it is generally thought that superconductivity in the bismuthates is of the conventionals-wave type, the pairing mechanism is still debated, with strong electron-phonon coupling and bismuth valence or bond disproportionation possibly playing a role. Here we use diffuse x-ray scattering and Monte Carlo modeling to study the local structure of Ba1-xKxBiO3across its insulator-metal boundary. We find no evidence for either long- or short-range disproportionation, which resolves a major conundrum, as disproportionation and the related polaronic effects are likely not relevant for the metallic and superconducting states. Instead, we uncover nanoscale structural correlations that break inversion symmetry, with far-reaching implications for the electronic physics. This unexpected finding furthermore establishes that the bismuthates belong to the broader classes of materials with hidden spin-orbit coupling and a tendency towards inversion-breaking displacements.
Efficient and stable organic solar cells enabled by multicomponent photoactive layer based on one-pot polymerization
Authors: Liu Bin , Sun Huiliang , Lee Jin-Woo , Jiang Zhengyan , Qiao Junqin , Wang Junwei , Yang Jie , Feng Kui , Liao Qiaogan , An Mingwei , Li Bolin , Han Dongxue , Xu Baomin , Lian Hongzhen , Niu Li , Kim Bumjoon J. , Guo Xugang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDegradation of the kinetically trapped bulk heterojunction film morphology in organic solar cells (OSCs) remains a grand challenge for their practical application. Herein, we demonstrate highly thermally stable OSCs using multicomponent photoactive layer synthesized via a facile one-pot polymerization, which show the advantages of low synthetic cost and simplified device fabrication. The OSCs based on multicomponent photoactive layer deliver a high power conversion efficiency of 11.8% and exhibit excellent device stability for over 1000 h (>80% of their initial efficiency retention), realizing a balance between device efficiency and operational lifetime for OSCs. In-depth opto-electrical and morphological properties characterizations revealed that the dominant PM6-b-L15 block polymers with backbone entanglement and the small fraction of PM6 and L15 polymers synergistically contribute to the frozen fine-tuned film morphology and maintain well-balanced charge transport under long-time operation. These findings pave the way towards the development of low-cost and long-term stable OSCs.
Chemoproteomic discovery of a human RNA ligase
Authors: Yuan Yizhi , Stumpf Florian M. , Schlor Lisa A. , Schmidt Olivia P. , Saumer Philip , Huber Luisa B. , Frese Matthias , Höllmüller Eva , Scheffner Martin , Stengel Florian , Diederichs Kay , Marx Andreas 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRNA ligases are present across all forms of life. While enzymatic RNA ligation between 5′-PO4 and 3′-OH termini is prevalent in viruses, fungi, and plants, such RNA ligases are yet to be identified in vertebrates. Here, using a nucleotide-based chemical probe targeting human AMPylated proteome, we have enriched and identified the hitherto uncharacterised human protein chromosome 12 open reading frame 29 (C12orf29) as a human enzyme promoting RNA ligation between 5′-PO4 and 3′-OH termini. C12orf29 catalyses ATP-dependent RNA ligation via a three-step mechanism, involving tandem auto- and RNA AMPylation. Knock-out of C12ORF29 gene impedes the cellular resilience to oxidative stress featuring concurrent RNA degradation, which suggests a role of C12orf29 in maintaining RNA integrity. These data provide the groundwork for establishing a human RNA repair pathway.