bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mediators of Black–White inequities in cardiovascular mortality among survivors of 18 cancers in the USA
Authors: Sung Hyuna , Hyun Noorie , Ohman Rachel E , Yang Eric H , Siegel Rebecca L , Jemal Ahmedin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
This study aims to quantify Black–White inequities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality among US survivors of 18 adult-onset cancers and the extent to which these inequities are explained by differences in socio-economic and clinical factors.

Methods
Survivors of cancers diagnosed at ages 20–64 years during 2007–16 were identified from 17 Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results registries. Associations between race and CVD mortality were examined using proportional hazards models. Mediation analyses were performed to quantify the contributions of potential mediators, including socio-economic [health insurance, neighbourhood socio-economic status (nSES), rurality] and clinical (stage, surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy) factors.

Results
Among 904 995 survivors, 10 701 CVD deaths occurred (median follow-up, 43 months). Black survivors were more likely than White survivors to die from CVD for all 18 cancers with hazard ratios ranging from 1.30 (95% CI = 1.15–1.47) for lung cancer to 4.04 for brain cancer (95% CI = 2.79–5.83). The total percentage mediations (indirect effects) ranged from 24.8% for brain (95% CI=–5.2–59.6%) to 99.8% for lung (95% CI = 61.0–167%) cancers. Neighbourhood SES was identified as the strongest mediator for 14 cancers with percentage mediations varying from 25.0% for kidney cancer (95% CI = 14.1–36.3%) to 63.5% for lung cancer (95% CI = 36.5–108.7%). Insurance ranked second for 12 cancers with percentage mediations ranging from 12.3% for leukaemia (95% CI = 0.7–46.7%) to 31.3% for thyroid cancer (95% CI = 10.4–82.7%).

Conclusions
Insurance and nSES explained substantial proportions of the excess CVD mortality among Black survivors. Mitigating the effects of unequal access to care and differing opportunities for healthy living among neighbourhoods could substantially reduce racial inequities in CVD mortality among cancer survivors.
Remarks on Symmetric Fusion Categories of Low Rank in Positive Characteristic
Authors: Czenky Agustina 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We give lower bounds for the rank of a symmetric fusion category in characteristic $p\geq 5$ in terms of $p$. We prove that the second Adams operation $\psi _{2}$ is not the identity for any non-trivial symmetric fusion category, and that symmetric fusion categories satisfying $\psi _{2}^{a}=\psi _{2}^{a-1}$ for some positive integer $a$ are super-Tannakian. As an application, we classify all symmetric fusion categories of rank 3 and those of rank 4 with exactly two self-dual simple objects.
Anxious Politics: Contesting Fantasies Surrounding the Removal of Statues of Slavery and the Confederacy
Authors: Zevnik Andreja 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The summer of 2020 saw a global mobilization protesting the murder of George Floyd, during which statues glorifying white supremacy were toppled. Drawing on the narratives surrounding the removal of the Colston statue in Bristol and the Confederacy statues in New Orleans and Charlottesville, the paper examines the role of statues in the construction of political identities and social fantasies through Lacan’s theory of anxiety. For Lacan, anxiety tells us what subjects identify as threatening or familiar is not a reflection of objective circumstances but individual desires. By proposing the concepts of working against anxiety and working with anxiety, the paper examines (1) fantasies that aim to re-establish the old narratives and identities that were challenged in the process of statue removal and (2) practices that dwell in the moment of anxiety in an attempt to repair historical violences. The paper makes three contributions: firstly, to the literature on anxiety, the paper shows why anxiety is not an emotion but a building block of subject formation. Secondly, to the literature on commemoration, the paper demonstrates how statues affirm some identities while negate others, re-producing (racialized) violence; and to the literature on resistance, the paper demonstrates how deeply entrenched anxieties continue to constrict social progress.
Use of Interferon-Gamma Release Assays in Children &lt;2 Years Old
Authors: Turner Nicholas A , Ahmed Amina , Haley Connie A , Starke Jeffrey R , Stout Jason E 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
While interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) are widely used for detecting tuberculosis (TB) infection, tuberculin skin tests (TSTs) remain preferred for children under the age of 2 years. The preference for TST stems from concern over IGRA sensitivity in young children. However, TSTs are susceptible to false-positive results following Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination, which is common in infancy, and exposure to nontuberculous mycobacteria. We reviewed available data for IGRA performance in children under age 2 years. Across four cohorts of high-risk children under age 2 (mostly case contacts or those born in tuberculosis endemic regions), 0 of 575 untreated children with negative IGRA test results progressed to tuberculosis disease—including 0 of 70 who were TST positive but IGRA negative. While neither TSTs nor IGRAs are perfectly sensitive for the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection, IGRAs are an acceptable alternative to TST in children &lt;2 years of age.
A Tweedie Markov process and its application in fisheries stock assessment
Authors: Zheng Nan , Lim Yongho , Cadigan Noel G 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Tweedie distribution is a useful tool to model zero-inflated non-negative continuous data. However, the Tweedie dispersion relationship (DR) is not general enough to cover some important forms such as quadratic dispersion, and an easy and fast-to-implement Tweedie AR(1) model (first-order autoregressive model) needs to be developed for spatio-temporal modelling. In this research we extend the Tweedie distribution to accommodate flexible DRs, and propose a Tweedie Markov process (TMP) with the AR(1) autocorrelation structure. This TMP is simple to implement and requires only the Tweedie probability density function. Simulation studies and real data analysis are conducted to validate our new approach.
The Bax inhibitor GmBI-1α interacts with a Nod factor receptor and plays a dual role in the legume–rhizobia symbiosis
Authors: Yuan Songli , Ke Danxia , Liu Bo , Zhang Mengke , Li Xiangyong , Chen Haifeng , Zhang Chanjuan , Huang Yi , Sun Shuai , Shen Jiafang , Yang Shuqi , Zhou Shunxin , Leng Piao , Guan Yuefeng , Zhou Xinan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The gene networks surrounding Nod factor receptors that govern the symbiotic process between legumes and rhizobia remain largely unexplored. Here, we identify 13 novel GmNFR1α-associated proteins by yeast two-hybrid screening, and describe a potential interacting protein, GmBI-1α. GmBI-1α had the highest positive correlation with GmNFR1α in a co-expression network analysis, and its expression at the mRNA level in roots was enhanced by rhizobial infection. Moreover, GmBI-1α–GmNFR1α interaction was shown to occur in vitro and in vivo. The GmBI-1α protein was localized to multiple subcellular locations, including the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane. Overexpression of GmBI-1α increased the nodule number in transgenic hairy roots or transgenic soybean, whereas down-regulation of GmBI-1α transcripts by RNA interference reduced the nodule number. In addition, the nodules in GmBI-1α-overexpressing plants became smaller in size and infected area with reduced nitrogenase activity. In GmBI-1α-overexpressing transgenic soybean, the elevated GmBI-1α also promoted plant growth and suppressed the expression of defense signaling-related genes. Infection thread analysis of GmBI-1α-overexpressing plants showed that GmBI-1α promoted rhizobial infection. Collectively, our findings support a GmNFR1α-associated protein in the Nod factor signaling pathway and shed new light on the regulatory mechanism of GmNFR1α in rhizobial symbiosis.
RTEL1 is required for silencing and epigenome stability
Authors: Olivier Margaux , Hesketh Amy , Pouch-Pélissier Marie-Noëlle , Pélissier Thierry , Huang Ying , Latrasse David , Benhamed Moussa , Mathieu Olivier 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Transcriptional silencing is an essential mechanism for controlling the expression of genes, transgenes and heterochromatic repeats through specific epigenetic marks on chromatin that are maintained during DNA replication. In Arabidopsis, silenced transgenes and heterochromatic sequences are typically associated with high levels of DNA methylation, while silenced genes are enriched in H3K27me3. Reactivation of these loci is often correlated with decreased levels of these repressive epigenetic marks. Here, we report that the DNA helicase REGULATOR OF TELOMERE ELONGATION 1 (RTEL1) is required for transcriptional silencing. RTEL1 deficiency causes upregulation of many genes enriched in H3K27me3 accompanied by a moderate decrease in this mark, but no loss of DNA methylation at reactivated heterochromatic loci. Instead, heterochromatin exhibits DNA hypermethylation and increased H3K27me3 in rtel1. We further find that loss of RTEL1 suppresses the release of heterochromatin silencing caused by the absence of the MOM1 silencing factor. RTEL1 is conserved among eukaryotes and plays a key role in resolving DNA secondary structures during DNA replication. Inducing such aberrant DNA structures using DNA cross-linking agents also results in a loss of transcriptional silencing. These findings uncover unappreciated roles for RTEL1 in transcriptional silencing and in stabilizing DNA methylation and H3K27me3 patterns.
In the Realm of the Senses
Authors: Han Irene 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The chapter centers on the phenomenon of metabolē or change in Republic Book VIII. While previous books of the dialogue are dedicated to building the ideal city, what is a “beautiful city” (kallipolis), Socrates explains that even such a constitution is subject to fade away and degeneration (Pl. Resp. 546a–d). In order to describe the process of transformation, Socrates relies on a feminine presence and invokes the Muses, who oversee what becomes of the kallipolis, as it declines into other forms, timocracy, oligarchy, democracy, and, finally, tyranny. The chapter asks why the feminine frame is brought into play at this particular moment and the female voice, as Diotima is in the Symposium and Aspasia in the Menexenus. An injection of the female voice into the narrative in Socrates’ tale of decline is deliberate and essential—it is a necessary move because metabolē consists in a ladder of becoming, reproductive cycles, and portrays generational change, which depends on and is driven by the quintessential feminine task: pregnancy, maternity, and childbirth.
Untitled
Authors: Han Irene 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The fourth chapter, “Untitled,” traces the vitalist outlines of Magnesia, the utopian model delineated in the Laws, and the “second-best city” because it is not inhabited by gods or a number of the children of gods, but still ideal because the city’s laws impose the greatest possible unity in the state (Pl. Leg. 739d–e). In this paradigm, a distinctly Magnesian subjectivity is found, and it is predicated on feminine difference, in a mixed constitution between monarchy and democracy, one that participates in material political folds. That is, with their porous bodies, citizens create Deleuzian folds in which distinctions between subject and object, self and other meet, combine, and dissolve. Furthermore, the chapter locates a similar trajectory in Laws Book III to what we see in Republic Book VIII; the Athenian Stranger embarks on a historical survey, by providing a history of various cities and political systems that have risen and fallen, in other words, a survey of historical metabolē. In what amounts to both an overarching and selective review, he starts from the primitive era, after the event of a deluge, which washes away and destroys human civilizations, and moves to the more recent past, in his treatment of the Persian monarchy and Athenian democracy. In this way, Plato has the Athenian provide lessons from history and takes an inductive approach to constructing Magnesia, starting from particular observations in order to arrive at a universal. The chapter argues that, in contrast to Republic Book VIII, the Athenian’s account is not a decline narrative but, rather, portrays the generation of politics and a materialistic vision of history, compelled by the abstract feminine principle of becoming.
Empires of the Dead
Authors: Heaney Christopher 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Empires of the Dead is a history of the collection of Inca, Andean, and ancient Peruvian mummies and skulls, from 1532 to the present. That history started with Spain’s invasion of the Inca empire of Tawantinsuyu in 1532, which revealed that South America was home to the world’s oldest cultures of artificial mummification. Those cultures’ climax were the Inca rulers and sacred Andean ancestors who commanded rains, lightning, and their descendants after death. To convert those descendants to Christianity, the Spanish confiscated these ancestors—the first European collection of Indigenous remains in the Americas. They destroyed many but studied others, such that by the end of colonial rule, in 1821, scholars believed that “Inca mummies” and “ancient Peruvian” skulls could be collected and measured to question the antiquity and “civilization” of the American “race.” Peruvian and foreign scholars populated their museums and nineteenth-century world’s fairs with these Indigenous human remains, encouraging the looting of Indigenous American tombs elsewhere. Yet Peruvian and Indigenous scholars like archaeologist Julio César Tello (1880–1947) also studied that dead as an anti-racist gesture, arguing that mummification and a pre-Hispanic cranial surgery named trepanation were ancient Andean bodily knowledges disrupted by colonialism. By mapping the exhumation and movement of these Peruvian ancestors of American anthropology, this book explains how “ancient Peruvians” became the single largest population in the Smithsonian and many other museums in Peru and around the world, and it explores what their recollection means to the researchers and communities who seek and curate them today.
Introduction
Authors: Heaney Christopher 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
When the Smithsonian Institution’s Hall of Physical Anthropology opened in 1965, visitors were greeted by 160 Andean skulls fixed to the wall like a mushroom cloud. Empires of the Dead explains that Skull Wall’s origins, and this introduction establishes its scope: a history from 1532 to the present of how the collection of Inca mummies, Andean crania, and the pre-Hispanic surgery of “trepanation” made “ancient Peruvians” the largest single population of human remains in the Smithsonian and many other museums in Peru, the Americas, and the world. This introduction argues that the Hall of Physical Anthropology displayed these collections while hiding their foundation on Indigenous, Andean, and Peruvian cultures of healing and science. These “Peruvian ancestors” of American anthropology reveal the importance of Indigenous and Latin American science and empire to global history, and their relevance to debates over museums and Indigenous human remains today.
Curing Incas
Authors: Heaney Christopher 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter synthesizes Inca and Andean chronicles, Peruvian ethnohistory, and archaeology to survey the varied cultures of healing, mummification, and ancestor veneration specific to the Andes and its Inca Empire prior to Spain’s invasion in 1532. Drawing from the Huarochirí manuscript and the study of a trepanned Yauyo skull today in Harvard’s Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, it explains how Andean cultures used healing, ancestor-making, and environment to extend communities’ health and navigate relationships with others, like the Incas’ empire of Tawantinsuyu. It details how Tawantinsuyu expanded over the Andes, and how Sapa Inkas (emperors) like Pachacutic intervened on the mummification and mortuary practices of the Incas and their subjects. They made the royal Inca dead into flashing and lithic mummies, yllapas. They collected the sacred ancestors (mallkis) and huacas of their subjects. And they ritually killed subjects to make capacocha offerings to the cosmos.
Embalming Incas
Authors: Heaney Christopher 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter uses the death and afterlife of the Sapa Inka (emperor) Huayna Capac to explain why Spanish conquistadors and colonizers confiscated the yllapas (sacred mummies) of the Incas, following the invasion of their empire Tawantinsuyu in 1532. Spaniards studied the nature of Inca “embalming” to contest Inca descendants’ belief in the yllapas’ lasting power. Yet they were unable to rule in Andean terms until 1559, when they collected the mummies of Pachacutic Yupanqui, Huayna Capac, and his mother, Mama Ocllo, displaying and possibly dissecting them in the Hospital of San Andrés. Inca royal families, meanwhile, kept the yllapas of Huayna Capac’s heirs on the move until 1572, when the Viceroy Francisco de Toledo confiscated Manco Inca’s yllapa, executed his son Tupa Amaru, and likely sent the heart-filled sun icon Punchao to Spain. This first European collection of Indigenous American remains turned sacred ancestors into scientific specimens of idolatry.
Mining Incas
Authors: Heaney Christopher 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter shows how the post-1870 looting and excavation of Peru’s “Necropolis” of Ancón populated national and foreign museums and fairs with a bundled Andean dead that helped to shift Americanist anthropology’s attentions from racialized skulls to contextualized mortuary customs. At Peru’s fairs, during the Centennial Exposition of Philadelphia (1876) and the Chicago World’s Fair of 1893, whole sections of Andean cemeteries went on display, and for the first time, their human remains remained bundled, creating a new practice for archaeology in which the contents of Indigenous “American” tombs were to be collected in their totality. Peruvian scholars facilitated these exports, which made Andean mummies the face of the nation abroad, but their support for foreign collectors’ ventures into the highlands forced Andean communities to reveal remains they understood as ancestors and antecessors. Their grief, and the dead they exposed, inspired new scholarship, as well as works of art like Edvard Munch’s The Scream.
“Hacia nuevos horizontes”
Authors: Quevedo Marysol 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores a series of developments in Cuban electroacoustic music production beginning in 1979. The composition, presentation, and reception of electroacoustic music all reflected increasingly globalized networks. The effects of globalization and postmodernist theories emerging from Europe impacted how Cuban composers approached their craft, how audiences listened to classical music, and how composers engaged with audiences through their compositions. These developments in shifting aesthetic and worldviews took place when Cuba was undergoing drastic political, economic, and social changes, coinciding with the establishment of institutions and festivals that promoted new and electroacoustic music in national and international audiences through performances and recordings. This chapter examines the Festival de Música Electrónica Primavera en Varadero, the LPs of electroacoustic music by Cuban composers released by the EGREM, and the establishment of institutions designed to meet the needs of composers, researchers, and artists, such as the Asociación Hermanos Saíz and the Taller ICAP de Música Electroacústica (TIME). The composers and works represented in these spaces both reflected and enacted the economic, social, political, and aesthetic shifts that took place in Cuba during the last decade of its diplomatic and economic ties to the Soviet Union. The case studies explored in this final chapter show how one particular genre, electroacoustic music, facilitated compositional innovation and artistic networking for Cuban composers who increasingly viewed their work as both Cuban and global.
Family, Church, and Community
Authors: Chafe William H. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses how Black Americans relied on family, church, and community as a source of strength to achieve freedom. Blacks developed their respective concentric circles of resistance and opportunity in response to the concentric circles of white people’s social control which were used to confine Black people. The chapter cites the solidarity of the Black community that began with family, whose moral compass was rooted in the church. It notes that the foundation of family, church, and community would lift Black Americans out of repression and into the full promise of racial justice. Survival itself was a form of defiance against the period of Jim Crow as it allowed Black people to lay the groundwork for resistance and confrontation.
The 1920s and 1930s
Authors: Chafe William H. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter expounds on the lives of Black people during the 1920s and 1930s. It acknowledges that W. E. B. Du Bois’s call to enter the war full-gear had produced nothing but disillusionment. Even though the Great Migration offered some respite, most Blacks in the South only found solace in mutual self-help and community institution building. The chapter discusses how racist politics became a powerful presence in government. The experience of the 1930s demonstrated the importance of the overall state of the economy, the persistence of Black protest and community-building, and the federal government's willingness to support people who demanded racial justice. Thus, the 1930s proved that some forward progress could occur when Black demands remained high.
The Persistence of Struggle, the Beginning of Hope
Authors: Chafe William H. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores how World War II affected the lives of Black people. It mentions how the Civil War brought freedom, but 10 percent of Union Army casualties were linked with Black people from the North and former slaves from the South. Black activists were intent on using the impending crisis to drive home their demands for change, which resulted in the growing strength of industrial unionism. The chapter also notes how the war triggered a second Great Migration and the skyrocketing figures of Black people’s government employment. It explains that Southern white people were committed to resisting the change and were determined to keep the racist regime of Jim Crow.