bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating river–aquifer interactions using heat as a tracer in the Silala river transboundary basin
Authors: Suárez Francisco , Sandoval Victoria , Sarabia Andrés , Muñoz José F. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article reviews scientific studies in which heat was used as a natural tracer to investigate stream–aquifer interactions in the Silala River in Chile and provide evidence that was used to support a legal dispute between Chile and Bolivia over the status and use of the waters of this watercourse. Streambed temperature time series at various locations downstream of the Chile‐Bolivia international border showed that water flows downwards through the streambed sediments, from the river towards the fluvial aquifer. These findings are consistent with hydraulic head measurements performed at the study site. Additionally, fiber‐optic distributed temperature sensing (FO‐DTS) methods were employed to observe river temperatures with a spatial resolution of the order of 0.5 m in a river reach of ~1.3 km. FO‐DTS technology allowed detection of various warm springs that discharged their waters into the Silala River, as well as the location of an artesian well that supplies the river with ~90 L/s of deep groundwater at ~20 °C. The results provided improved understanding of the Silala River hydrogeology, and were used to calibrate and validate a groundwater model of the system, reported elsewhere. Both methodologies demonstrated that the river is indeed a system of surface waters and groundwaters interacting as a unitary whole, a key aspect of the definition of an international watercourse, and generated valuable scientific evidence to support a major international legal dispute.This article is categorized under:
Science of Water > Hydrological Processes
Science of Water > Methods
Introduction to Policing in the Pacific
Authors: Watson Danielle , Howes Loene , Dinnen Sinclair , Bull Melissa , Amin Sara N. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractResearch on policing in the Pacific Islands draws from multiple disciplines, reflecting the multifaceted nature of policing in local contexts that neither fit a Western model of statehood nor adopt an analytic position from the global North. This chapter sets the scene for a focused, contextualised and interdisciplinary discussion of policing in Pacific Islands countries and territories. It recognises the need to analyse policing both within the broader context of the global dynamics of policing, crime and (in)security, and within the specific, complex, and diverse countries and territories of the region. The chapter outlines the structure of the book and provides an overview of the chapters that follow.
Dapagliflozin protects against dilated cardiomyopathy progression by targeting NLRP3 inflammasome activation
Authors: Hu Jiaxin , Xu Jiamin , Tan Xi , Li Dong , Yao Dejiang , Xu Biao , Lei Yuhua 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the major cause of heart failure and has a poor prognosis. The accumulating evidence points to an essential role of the inflammatory component in the process of DCM. Inhibitors of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) are widely used to treat heart failure patients due to their cardiac benefits. However, their role in DCM remains unclear. We used the doxorubicin (Dox)-induced DCM model for our study. The SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin (Dapa) improved cardiac function in mice treated with doxorubicin and attenuated the activation of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway and the expression of inflammatory factors. In addition, dapagliflozin suppresses NLRP3 activation by decreasing p38-dependent toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression. In our study, dagliflozin improves cardiac function in DCM by inhibiting the activity of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
Graphical Abstract
NOTCH3 missense mutations as predictor of long-term response to gemcitabine in a patient with epithelioid hemangioendothelioma
Authors: Schmidt Moritz , Mattern Sven , Singer Stephan , Schulze Martin , Biskup Saskia , Krumm Patrick , Lauer Ulrich M. , Zender Lars , Hinterleitner Clemens , Hinterleitner Martina 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) as a very rare malignant vascular tumor belongs to the heterogenous group of soft-tissue sarcomas. Depending on the clinical course of the disease, interdisciplinary treatment concepts are required, including surgery, radiotherapy and systemic cancer therapy. However, due to its uncommonness, standard treatment options are lacking so far, especially in advanced disease with distant metastases.

Methods and results
Here we report on an unusual case of a patient with metastasized EHE showing long-term response to second line treatment with gemcitabine over almost 2 decades. Cancer genome sequencing of the patient’s tumor tissue detected a NOTCH3 missense mutation which could provide an explanation for these clinical findings. NOTCH3 is known to be a mediator of resistance towards gemcitabine-based cancer treatment, at least in pancreatic cancer and non-small cell lung cancer.

Conclusion
The observation that this missense mutation of NOTCH3 is associated with an increased response to treatment with gemcitabine in EHE can be used prospectively to assess NOTCH3 as potential biomarker for predicting therapy response to gemcitabine.
Geometry of charged rotating discs of dust in Einstein-Maxwell theory
Authors: Rumler David , Kleinwächter Andreas , Meinel Reinhard 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWithin the framework of Einstein-Maxwell theory geometric properties of charged rotating discs of dust, using a post-Newtonian expansion up to tenth order, are discussed. Investigating the disc’s proper radius and the proper circumference allows us to address questions related to the Ehrenfest paradox. In the Newtonian limit there is an agreement with a rotating disc from special relativity. The charged rotating disc of dust also possesses material-like properties. A fundamental geometric property of the disc is its Gaussian curvature. The result obtained for the charged rotating disc of dust is checked by additionally calculating the Gaussian curvature of the analytic limiting cases (charged rotating) Maclaurin disc, electrically counterpoised dust-disc and uncharged rotating disc of dust. We find that by increasing the disc’s specific charge there occurs a transition from negative to positive curvature.
Dissociation Between Linguistic and Nonlinguistic Statistical Learning in Children with Autism
Authors: Hu Anqi , Kozloff Violet , Owen Van Horne Amanda , Chugani Diane , Qi Zhenghan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractStatistical learning (SL), the ability to detect and extract regularities from inputs, is considered a domain-general building block for typical language development. We compared 55 verbal children with autism (ASD, 6–12 years) and 50 typically-developing children in four SL tasks. The ASD group exhibited reduced learning in the linguistic SL tasks (syllable and letter), but showed intact learning for the nonlinguistic SL tasks (tone and image). In the ASD group, better linguistic SL was associated with higher language skills measured by parental report and sentence recall. Therefore, the atypicality of SL in autism is not domain-general but tied to specific processing constraints related to verbal stimuli. Our findings provide a novel perspective for understanding language heterogeneity in autism.
Dietary traits of the ungulates from the Middle Pleistocene sequence of Lazaret Cave: palaeoecological and archaeological implications
Authors: Rivals Florent , Cohen Jessica , Desclaux Emmanuel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDietary traits in ungulates from Lazaret Cave were analysed for possible changes in ecological niches throughout the marine isotopic stage (MIS) 6 sequence of the site and to investigate the duration of the occupations corresponding to the accumulation of ungulate remains by human groups. The analysis revealed changes in dietary diversity throughout the sequence related to the climatic and environmental changes of the MIS 6. These changes affected the availability of vegetal resources, competition among species, and the distribution and movement of the ungulates in the territory. Human groups were also affected by these changes, as the archaeological record of Lazaret Cave in the duration of occupations at the different levels shows. The response of the large mammal communities to persistent climatic instability is reflected in differences between the sites of southern France of the MIS 6, where species show different dietary traits.
Assessment of water quality and its effect on prawn abundance in three tributaries of Shiwalik rivers: Chenab and Ravi of Jammu, India—a case study
Authors: Slathia Nidhi , Langer Seema , Jasrotia Raman 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe freshwater rivers from Shiwalik Himalayas have abundant prawn resources of high economic value and play a major role in the livelihood of local fishermen. The present study aimed to determine the variation in prawn abundance explained by changes in water quality among three different streams (Gho Manhasa stream, Chadwal stream and Nagri stream). The highest abundance of prawns was found in the Gho Manhasa during the premonsoon season and lowest in the Chadwal stream during the monsoon season. Chadwal stream witnessed maximum anthropogenic activities resulting in the decline of the water quality affecting prawn fauna. Cluster analysis based on similarity in terms of prawn abundance revealed that the Chadwal stream is different from the other two streams whereas non-metric multidimensional scaling plot based on species abundance corresponding to different seasons and physiochemical parameters showed the water quality of the monsoon season of the Chadwal stream to be extremely different. Principal component analysis showed clear separation across various sites and seasons based on physicochemical parameters. Karl Pearson correlation coefficient and canonical correspondence analysis indicated that the turbidity, total dissolved solids, nitrate, chloride, calcium, magnesium and dissolved oxygen are significant parameters influencing the abundance of prawns. The population ofMacrobrachiumdayanumandMacrobrachiumkistnensewas very less in the Chadwal stream owing to unfavorable physicochemical parameters. Therefore, conservation measures are suggested which should be immediately implemented before the streams witness a further decline in their populations.
Automated Interpretation of Place Descriptions: Determining Entity Types for Querying OSM
Authors: Yousaf Madiha , Schwartz Tobias , Wolter Diedrich 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper is concerned with interpretation of natural language place descriptions, as they are a rich source of geographic information. A place description is interpreted by matching geographic entities occurring in the text against the OpenStreetMap (OSM) database. This paper is mainly concerned with interpretation of paraphrased places, i.e., entities for which no name is given and which may only by described. Our objective is to determine suitable entity types that allow querying the OpenStreetMap database for the respective place. For example, if we wish to identify a place to eat, we have to check for entities of an a-priori unknown type (cafe, restaurant, etc.). Challenges arise from the open-endedness of language, its ambiguity, and context-sensitivity as well as from mismatches between human conceptualization of place and database ontologies. The contributions of this paper are, first, to present a hard problem that is key to geo-information retrieval beyond named entities. Second, we propose context-sensitive methods for identifying place types based on semantic word similarity. We evaluate the methods on text extracted from Wikipedia and travel blogs, revealing their contribution to advancing automated interpretation of place descriptions to paraphrased places.
Analysis of rotorcraft ground resonance with generic inter-blade damper configurations
Authors: Muscarello Vincenzo , Quaranta Giuseppe 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe paper investigates the effect of inter-blade dampers with generic in-plane and out-of-plane attachment offsets on ground resonance stability proneness. An analytical formulation, considering dampers with radial offsets only is initially proposed. Sensitivity analyses show that the increase of radial offset reduces the cyclic lead-lag damping and stiffness, providing a non-zero contribution to collective terms. The analytical formulation is suitable, in a preliminary design phase, to define the optimal location of the inter-blade attachment points to avoid ground resonance phenomena and to stabilize the engine drive-train dynamics. A more detailed numerical approach is then presented to consider generic in-plane and out-of-plane attachment offsets. Ground resonance stability analyses are performed also for cases with dissimilar dampers. It is found that out-of-plane offset leads to a modification on the blade pitch-lag coupling, acting on the helicopter stability margins. However, to capture these effects it is necessary to include the overall blade motions, considering flap, lag, and pitch dynamics, together with the corresponding generalized aerodynamics forces, usually neglected in classical ground resonance analysis. Finally, the periodic stability with one damper inoperative shows how, with the radial offsets, the hybridized lead-lag collective and cyclic modes may fall into resonance conditions due to super-harmonics.
Regional gradient observability for fractional differential equations with Caputo time-fractional derivatives
Authors: Zguaid Khalid , El Alaoui Fatima-Zahrae , Torres Delfim F. M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe investigate the regional gradient observability of fractional sub-diffusion equations involving the Caputo derivative. The problem consists of describing a method to find and recover the initial gradient vector in the desired region, which is contained in the spatial domain. After giving necessary notions and definitions, we prove some useful characterizations for exact and approximate regional gradient observability. An example of a fractional system that is not (globally) gradient observable but it is regionally gradient observable is given, showing the importance of regional analysis. Our characterization of the notion of regional gradient observability is given for two types of strategic sensors. The recovery of the initial gradient is carried out using an expansion of the Hilbert uniqueness method. Two illustrative examples are given to show the application of the developed approach. The numerical simulations confirm that the proposed algorithm is effective in terms of the reconstruction error.
RaiseAuth: a novel bio-behavioral authentication method based on ultra-low-complexity movement
Authors: Zhao Shuo , Guo Zhongwen , Cheng Xu , Jiang Sining , Wang Hao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAuthentication plays an important role in maintaining social security. Modern authentication methods often relies on mass data datasets to implement authentication by data-driven. However, an essential question still remains unclear at data level. To what extent can the authentication movement be simplified? We theoretically explain the rationality of authentication through arm movements by mathematical modeling and design the simplest scheme of the authentication movement. At the same time, we collect a small-sample multi-category dataset that compresses the authentication movement as much as possible according to the model function. On this basis, we propose a method which consists of five different cells. Each cell is matched with a custom data preprocessing module according to the structure. Four cells are composed of neural network modules based on residual blocks, and the last cell is composed of traditional machine learning algorithms. The experimental results show that arm movements can also maintain high-accuracy authentication on small-sample multi-class datasets with very simple authentication movement.
Designing compact features for remote stroke rehabilitation monitoring using wearable accelerometers
Authors: Chen Xi , Guan Yu , Shi Jian Qing , Du Xiu-Li , Eyre Janet 
Published: February 2023

AbstractStroke is known as a major global health problem, and for stroke survivors it is key to monitor the recovery levels. However, traditional stroke rehabilitation assessment methods (such as the popular clinical assessment) can be subjective and expensive, and it is also less convenient for patients to visit clinics in a high frequency. To address this issue, in this work based on wearable sensing and machine learning techniques, we develop an automated system that can predict the assessment score in an objective manner. With wrist-worn sensors, accelerometer data is collected from 59 stroke survivors in free-living environments for a duration of 8 weeks, and we map the week-wise accelerometer data (3 days per week) to the assessment score by developing signal processing and predictive model pipeline. To achieve this, we propose two types of new features, which can encode the rehabilitation information from both paralysed and non-paralysed sides while suppressing the high-level noises such as irrelevant daily activities. Based on the proposed features, we further develop the longitudinal mixed-effects model with Gaussian process prior (LMGP), which can model the random effects caused by different subjects and time slots (during the 8 weeks). Comprehensive experiments are conducted to evaluate our system on both acute and chronic patients, and the promising results suggest its effectiveness.
Effect of common OPRM1, COMT, SLC6A4, ABCB1, and CYP2B6 polymorphisms on perioperative analgesic and propofol demands on patients subjected to thyroidectomy surgery
Authors: Soultati Ioanna , Ntenti Charikleia , Tsaousi Georgia , Pourzitaki Chryssa , Gkinas Dimitris , Thomaidou Evanthia , Alexandrakis Spiros , Papavramidis Theodosios , Goulas Antonis 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Perioperative anesthetic and/or analgesic demand present considerable variation, and part of that variation appears to be genetic in origin. Here we investigate the impact of common polymorphisms in OPRM1, COMT, SLC6A4, ABCB1, and CYP2B6 genes, on the intra-operative consumption of remifentanil and propofol, as well as the postoperative analgesic needs, in patients subjected to thyroidectomy surgery.

Methods
We conducted a prospective cohort study with 90 patients scheduled to undergo elective thyroidectomy, under total intravenous anesthesia achieved by target control infusion (TCI) of propofol and remifentanil. Postoperative analgesics were administered by protocol and on-demand by the individual patient. Genotyping was established by PCR–RFLP methods. Genotyping data, intra-operative hemodynamics, and total consumption of remifentanil and propofol, as well as postoperative analgesic needs and pain perception, were recorded for each individual.

Results
Patients with the ABCB1 3435TT genotype appeared to experience significantly less pain within one hour post-operatively, compared to C carriers [mean VAS (SD) = 0.86 (1.22) vs. 2.42 (1.75); p = 0.017], a finding limited to those seeking rescue analgesic treatment. Intra-operatively, homozygotes patients for the minor allele of OPRM1 A118G and CYP2B6 G516T appeared to consume less remifentanil [mean (SD) = 9.12 (1.01) vs. 13.53 (5.15), for OPRM1 118GG and A carriers] and propofol [median (range) = 14.95 (11.53, 1359.5) vs. 121.4 (1.43, 2349.4), for CYP2B6 516TT and G carriers, respectively] but the difference was not statistically significant in our sample.

Conclusions
The ABCB1 C3435T polymorphism appears to affect the postoperative perception of surgical pain among patients with low pain threshold. The small number of minor allele homozygotes for the OPRM1 A118G and CYP2B6 G516T polymorphisms precludes a definitive conclusion regarding the inclusion of the latter in a TCI-programming algorithm, based on the results of this study.

Clinical trial registration number
ACTRN12616001598471.
Artificial Neural Network Model to Forecast Energy Consumption in Wheat Production in India
Authors: Kaur Karman 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEnergy analysis in agriculture sector require modelling technique that can incorporate complex unknown interactions and non-linearity in systems. In this study Artificial neural network technique is used to model and forecast input energy consumed in wheat production in India and is compared for predictive accuracy with linear models. Household data from 256 farmers revealed that the average input energy consumed in region is 29612.43 MJ/ha with urea (47%), diesel (31.5%) and electricity (9.8%) being three main contributors. Multi-layered feed forward model with 2 hidden layers with 8 and 15 neurons respectively and sigmoidal activation function in hidden layers and output layers under gradient descent training algorithm gave the best results. The R2was 0.99 for training dataset and 0.973 for validation data set, while for MLR model it was 0.95 and 0.73 for respective datasets. The root mean squared error (RMSE) in ANN model was 4779.2 MJ/ha and 2008.96 MJ/ha for training and validation data, respectively. This prediction system could forecast input energy with error margin of ± 7889.83 MJ/ha on training dataset and ± 3298.47 MJ/ha on validation data under various combinations. Sensitivity analysis showed that urea, diesel, and electricity are the important factors in input energy forecasting.
Patterns of brain dynamic functional connectivity are linked with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-related behavioral and cognitive dimensions
Authors: Luo Lekai , Chen Lizhou , Wang Yuxia , Li Qian , He Ning , Li Yuanyuan , You Wanfang , Wang Yaxuan , Long Fenghua , Guo Lanting , Luo Kui , Sweeney John A. , Gong Qiyong , Li Fei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a clinically heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder defined by characteristic behavioral and cognitive features. Abnormal brain dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) has been associated with the disorder. The full spectrum of ADHD-related variation of brain dynamics and its association with behavioral and cognitive features remain to be established.MethodsWe sought to identify patterns of brain dynamics linked to specific behavioral and cognitive dimensions using sparse canonical correlation analysis across a cohort of children with and without ADHD (122 children in total, 63 with ADHD). Then, using mediation analysis, we tested the hypothesis that cognitive deficits mediate the relationship between brain dynamics and ADHD-associated behaviors.ResultsWe identified four distinct patterns of dFC, each corresponding to a specific dimension of behavioral or cognitive function (r= 0.811–0.879). Specifically, the inattention/hyperactivity dimension was positively associated with dFC within the default mode network (DMN) and negatively associated with dFC between DMN and the sensorimotor network (SMN); the somatization dimension was positively associated with dFC within DMN and SMN; the inhibition and flexibility dimension and fluency and memory dimensions were both positively associated with dFC within DMN and between DMN and SMN, and negatively associated with dFC between DMN and the fronto-parietal network. Furthermore, we observed that cognitive functions of inhibition and flexibility mediated the relationship between brain dynamics and behavioral manifestations of inattention and hyperactivity.ConclusionsThese findings document the importance of distinct patterns of dynamic functional brain activity for different cardinal behavioral and cognitive features related to ADHD.