bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel frequency-dependent lattice Boltzmann model with a single force term for electromagnetic wave propagation in dispersive media
Authors: Ma Huifang , Tang Mingming , Ren Hao , Guo Wenyue , Zhang Kexin , Chen Yefei , Jiang Wanshun , Wang Ying , Wu Bin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractElectromagnetic wave simulation is of pivotal importance in the design and implementation of photonic nano-structures. In this study, we developed a lattice Boltzmann model with a single extended force term (LBM-SEF) to simulate the propagation of electromagnetic waves in dispersive media. By reconstructing the solution of the macroscopic Maxwell equations using the lattice Boltzmann equation, the final form only involves an equilibrium term and a non-equilibrium force term. The two terms are evaluated using the macroscopic electromagnetic variables and the dispersive effect, respectively. The LBM-SEF scheme is capable of directly tracking the evolution of macroscopic electromagnetic variables, leading to lower virtual memory requirement and facilitating the implementation of physical boundary conditions. The mathematical consistency of the LBM-SEF with the Maxwell equations was validated by using the Champman-Enskog expansion; while three practical models were used to benchmark the numerical accuracy, stability, and flexibility of the proposed method.
Spin transport in non-Hermitian quantum systems
Authors: Lima Leonardo S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTransport in non-Hermitian quantum systems is studied. The goal is a better understanding of transport in non-Hermitian systems like the Lieb lattice due to its flat bands and the integrability of the Ising chain which allows transport in that model to be computed analytically. This is a very special feature that is not present in a generic non-Hermitian system. We obtain the behaviour of the spin conductivity as a function of the non-Hermitian parameters of each system with aim to verify the influence of variation them on conductivity. For all models analyzed: Ising model as well as noninteracting fermion models, we obtain a little influence of the non-Hermitian parameters on conductivity and thus, a small effect over transport coefficients. Furthermore, we obtain an influence of opening of the gap in the spectrum in these models on longitudinal conductivity as well.
Macrophages play a leading role in determining the direction of astrocytic migration in spinal cord injury via ADP-P2Y1R axis
Authors: Ono Gentaro , Kobayakawa Kazu , Saiwai Hirokazu , Tamaru Tetsuya , Iura Hirotaka , Haruta Yohei , Kitade Kazuki , Iida Keiichiro , Kawaguchi Kenichi , Matsumoto Yoshihiro , Tsuda Makoto , Tamura Tomohiko , Ozato Keiko , Inoue Kazuhide , Konno Dai-Jiro , Maeda Takeshi , Okada Seiji , Nakashima Yasuharu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAfter spinal cord injury (SCI), inflammatory cells such as macrophages infiltrate the injured area, and astrocytes migrate, forming a glial scar around macrophages. The glial scar inhibits axonal regeneration, resulting in significant permanent disability. However, the mechanism through which glial scar-forming astrocytes migrate to the injury site has not been clarified. Here we show that migrating macrophages attract reactive astrocytes toward the center of the lesion after SCI. Chimeric mice with bone marrow lacking IRF8, which controls macrophage centripetal migration after SCI, showed widely scattered macrophages in the injured spinal cord with the formation of a huge glial scar around the macrophages. To determine whether astrocytes or macrophages play a leading role in determining the directions of migration, we generated chimeric mice with reactive astrocyte-specific Socs3−/− mice, which showed enhanced astrocyte migration, and bone marrow from IRF8−/− mice. In this mouse model, macrophages were widely scattered, and a huge glial scar was formed around the macrophages as in wild-type mice that were transplanted with IRF8−/− bone marrow. In addition, we revealed that macrophage-secreted ATP-derived ADP attracts astrocytes via the P2Y1 receptor. Our findings revealed a mechanism through which migrating macrophages attract astrocytes and affect the pathophysiology and outcome after SCI.
The Cas9-gRNA ribonucleoprotein complex-mediated editing of pyrG in Ganoderma lucidum and unexpected insertion of contaminated DNA fragments
Authors: Eom Hyerang , Choi Yeon-Jae , Nandre Rutuja , Han Hui-Gang , Kim Sinil , Kim Minseek , Oh Youn-Lee , Nakazawa Takehito , Honda Yoichi , Ro Hyeon-Su 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGene editing is a promising alternative to traditional breeding for the generation of new mushroom strains. However, the current approach frequently uses Cas9-plasmid DNA to facilitate mushroom gene editing, which can leave residual foreign DNA in the chromosomal DNA raising concerns regarding genetically modified organisms. In this study, we successfully edited pyrG of Ganoderma lucidum using a preassembled Cas9-gRNA ribonucleoprotein complex, which primarily induced a double-strand break (DSB) at the fourth position prior to the protospacer adjacent motif. Of the 66 edited transformants, 42 had deletions ranging from a single base to large deletions of up to 796 bp, with 30 being a single base deletion. Interestingly, the remaining 24 contained inserted sequences with variable sizes at the DSB site that originated from the fragmented host mitochondrial DNA, E. coli chromosomal DNA, and the Cas9 expression vector DNA. The latter two were thought to be contaminated DNAs that were not removed during the purification process of the Cas9 protein. Despite this unexpected finding, the study demonstrated that editing G. lucidum genes using the Cas9-gRNA complex is achievable with comparable efficiency to the plasmid-mediated editing system.
Derivation of embryonic stem cells from wild-derived mouse strains by nuclear transfer using peripheral blood cells
Authors: Watanabe Naomi , Hirose Michiko , Hasegawa Ayumi , Mochida Keiji , Ogura Atsuo , Inoue Kimiko 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWild-derived mouse strains have been extensively used in biomedical research because of the high level of inter-strain polymorphisms and phenotypic variations. However, they often show poor reproductive performance and are difficult to maintain by conventional in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. In this study, we examined the technical feasibility of derivation of nuclear transfer embryonic stem cells (ntESCs) from wild-derived mouse strains for their safe genetic preservation. We used leukocytes collected from peripheral blood as nuclear donors without sacrificing them. We successfully established 24 ntESC lines from two wild-derived strains of CAST/Ei and CASP/1Nga (11 and 13 lines, respectively), both belonging to Mus musculus castaneus, a subspecies of laboratory mouse. Most (23/24) of these lines had normal karyotype, and all lines examined showed teratoma formation ability (4 lines) and pluripotent marker gene expression (8 lines). Two male lines examined (one from each strain) were proven to be competent to produce chimeric mice following injection into host embryos. By natural mating of these chimeric mice, the CAST/Ei male line was confirmed to have germline transmission ability. Our results demonstrate that inter-subspecific ntESCs derived from peripheral leukocytes could provide an alternative strategy for preserving invaluable genetic resources of wild-derived mouse strains.
Comparison between bone–implant interfaces of microtopographically modified zirconia and titanium implants
Authors: Thu Myint Kyaw , Kang Young Suk , Kwak Jeong Min , Jo Ye-Hyeon , Han Jung-Suk , Yeo In-Sung Luke 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the surface characteristics and evaluate the bone–implant interfaces of injection molded zirconia implants with or without surface treatment and compare them with those of conventional titanium implants. Four different zirconia and titanium implant groups (n = 14 for each group) were prepared: injection-molded zirconia implants without surface treatment (IM ZrO2); injection-molded zirconia implants with surface treatment via sandblasting (IM ZrO2-S); turned titanium implants (Ti-turned); and titanium implants with surface treatments via sandblasting with large-grit particles and acid-etching (Ti-SLA). Scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy were used to assess the surface characteristics of the implant specimens. Eight rabbits were used, and four implants from each group were placed into the tibiae of each rabbit. Bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone area (BA) were measured to evaluate the bone response after 10-day and 28-day healing periods. One-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s pairwise comparison was used to find any significant differences. The significance level was set at α = 0.05. Surface physical analysis showed that Ti-SLA had the highest surface roughness, followed by IM ZrO2-S, IM ZrO2, and Ti-turned. There were no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) in BIC and BA among the different groups according to the histomorphometric analysis. This study suggests that injection-molded zirconia implants are reliable and predictable alternatives to titanium implants for future clinical applications.
Improvement of tomato yield and quality using slow release NPK fertilizers prepared by carnauba wax emulsion, starch-based latex and hydrogel nanocomposite combination
Authors: Motamedi Elaheh , Safari Marzieh , Salimi Mehri 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe modern agriculture is working on introducing new generation of fertilizers that apt to slow down the nutrients release to be more in synchrony with plant’s need throughout growth season, enhance fertilizer performance, and decrease nutrient losses into the environment. The aim of this research was to develop an advanced NPK slow-release fertilizer (SRF) and investigate its effect on yield, nutritional and morphological responses of tomato plant (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) as a model crop. To this goal, three water-based bio-polymeric formulations including starch-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) nanocomposite hydrogel, starch-g-poly(styrene-co-butylacrylate) latex, and carnauba wax emulsion were synthesized and used for production of NPK-SRF samples. Different samples of coated fertilizers (urea, potassium sulfate, and superphosphate granules) were prepared using different ratios of latex and wax emulsion, and for phosphorus and potash (R-treatment). Moreover, some of coated fertilizers (15 and 30 wt.%) was replaced with nanocomposite hydrogel containing fertilizers, named D and H treatments, respectively. The effect of SRF samples were compared with commercial fertilizers (NPK treatment) and a commercial SRF (T treatment), on the growth of tomato in the greenhouse, at two different levels (100 and 60). The efficiency of all the synthesized formulations were higher than NPK and T treatments, and among them, H100 significantly improved the morphological and physiological characteristics of tomato. For instance, amount of residual elements (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) as well as micro elements of calcium, iron and zinc in tomato cultivation bed and accordingly the uptake of these elements in the roots, aerial parts and fruits were increased in the R, H, and D treatments. The highest yield (1671.54 g), highest agricultural agronomy efficiency of fertilizer, and the highest dry matter percentage (9.52%) were obtained in H100. The highest amount of lycopene, antioxidant capacity and vitamin C was also observed in H100. Nitrate accumulation in tomato fruit in the synthesized SRF samples were decreased significantly compared to NPK100, and the lowest amount was observed in H100, which was 55.24% less than NPK100. Accordingly, it is suggested that combination of natural-based nanocomposite hydrogels along with coating latexes and wax emulsions can be a successful method to synthesize efficient NPK-SRF formulations for improvement of crop growth and quality.
The genome of the glasshouse plant noble rhubarb (Rheum nobile) provides a window into alpine adaptation
Authors: Feng Tao , Pucker Boas , Kuang Tianhui , Song Bo , Yang Ya , Lin Nan , Zhang Huajie , Moore Michael J. , Brockington Samuel F. , Wang Qingfeng , Deng Tao , Wang Hengchang , Sun Hang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGlasshouse plants are species that trap warmth via specialized morphology and physiology, mimicking a human glasshouse. In the Himalayan alpine region, the highly specialized glasshouse morphology has independently evolved in distinct lineages to adapt to intensive UV radiation and low temperature. Here we demonstrate that the glasshouse structure – specialized cauline leaves – is highly effective in absorbing UV light but transmitting visible and infrared light, creating an optimal microclimate for the development of reproductive organs. We reveal that this glasshouse syndrome has evolved at least three times independently in the rhubarb genus Rheum. We report the genome sequence of the flagship glasshouse plant Rheum nobile and identify key genetic network modules in association with the morphological transition to specialized glasshouse leaves, including active secondary cell wall biogenesis, upregulated cuticular cutin biosynthesis, and suppression of photosynthesis and terpenoid biosynthesis. The distinct cell wall organization and cuticle development might be important for the specialized optical property of glasshouse leaves. We also find that the expansion of LTRs has likely played an important role in noble rhubarb adaptation to high elevation environments. Our study will enable additional comparative analyses to identify the genetic basis underlying the convergent occurrence of glasshouse syndrome.
Construction and validation of a gene expression classifier to predict immunotherapy response in primary triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Ensenyat-Mendez Miquel , Orozco Javier I. J. , Llinàs-Arias Pere , Íñiguez-Muñoz Sandra , Baker Jennifer L. , Salomon Matthew P. , Martí Mercè , DiNome Maggie L. , Cortés Javier , Marzese Diego M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) improve clinical outcomes in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. However, a subset of patients does not respond to treatment. Biomarkers that show ICI predictive potential in other solid tumors, such as levels of PD-L1 and the tumor mutational burden, among others, show a modest predictive performance in patients with TNBC.

Methods
We built machine learning models based on pre-ICI treatment gene expression profiles to construct gene expression classifiers to identify primary TNBC ICI-responder patients. This study involved 188 ICI-naïve and 721 specimens treated with ICI plus chemotherapy, including TNBC tumors, HR+/HER2− breast tumors, and other solid non-breast tumors.

Results
The 37-gene TNBC ICI predictive (TNBC-ICI) classifier performs well in predicting pathological complete response (pCR) to ICI plus chemotherapy on an independent TNBC validation cohort (AUC = 0.86). The TNBC-ICI classifier shows better performance than other molecular signatures, including PD-1 (PDCD1) and PD-L1 (CD274) gene expression (AUC = 0.67). Integrating TNBC-ICI with molecular signatures does not improve the efficiency of the classifier (AUC = 0.75). TNBC-ICI displays a modest accuracy in predicting ICI response in two different cohorts of patients with HR + /HER2- breast cancer (AUC = 0.72 to pembrolizumab and AUC = 0.75 to durvalumab). Evaluation of six cohorts of patients with non-breast solid tumors treated with ICI plus chemotherapy shows overall poor performance (median AUC = 0.67).

Conclusion
TNBC-ICI predicts pCR to ICI plus chemotherapy in patients with primary TNBC. The study provides a guide to implementing the TNBC-ICI classifier in clinical studies. Further validations will consolidate a novel predictive panel to improve the treatment decision-making for patients with TNBC.
Radical thioesterification via nickel-catalysed sensitized electron transfer
Authors: Wang Huamin , Liu Zhao , Das Ankita , Bellotti Peter , Megow Sebastian , Temps Friedrich , Qi Xiaotian , Glorius Frank 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMulti-catalytic reaction modes have attracted widespread attention in synthetic chemistry. The merger of nickel catalysis with photoredox catalysis has offered a powerful platform for synthesis of molecules with attractive properties. Nonetheless, the conceptual development of nickel-catalysed, sensitized electron transfer is of pivotal relevance, but is still greatly limited. Here we describe the development of a radical cross-thioesterification process by nickel-catalysed sensitized electron transfer. The strategy can produce diverse methyl thioesters, which are not only found in natural products, materials and pharmaceuticals but also are widespread precursors in synthetic chemistry and biological processes. This catalytic mode features high chemoselectivity, good functional group tolerance and excellent scalability. Perhaps more important was the finding that various drugs and amino acids were successfully functionalized in this system. Experimental studies, nanosecond transient spectroscopic analysis, and density functional theory calculations reveal that the merger of photocatalytic electron transfer, energy transfer and nickel catalysis plays an essential role in this radical thioesterification reaction.
BIO‐inspired fuzzy inference system—For physiological signal analysis
Authors: Suppiah Ravi , Kim Noori , Abidi Khalid , Sharma Anurag 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWhen a person's neuromuscular system is affected by an injury or disease, Activities‐for‐Daily‐Living (ADL), such as gripping, turning, and walking, are impaired. Electroencephalography (EEG) and Electromyography (EMG) are physiological signals generated by a body during neuromuscular activities embedding the intentions of the subject, and they are used in Brain–Computer Interface (BCI) or robotic rehabilitation systems. However, existing BCI or robotic rehabilitation systems use signal classification technique limitations such as (1) missing temporal correlation of the EEG and EMG signals in the entire window and (2) overlooking the interrelationship between different sensors in the system. Furthermore, typical existing systems are designed to operate based on the presence of dominant physiological signals associated with certain actions; (3) their effectiveness will be greatly reduced if subjects are disabled in generating the dominant signals. A novel classification model, named BIOFIS is proposed, which fuses signals from different sensors to generate inter‐channel and intra‐channel relationships. It explores the temporal correlation of the signals within a timeframe via a Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM) block. The proposed architecture is able to classify the various subsets of a full‐range arm movement that performs actions such as forward, grip and raise, lower and release, and reverse. The system can achieve 98.6% accuracy for a 4‐way action using EEG data and 97.18% accuracy using EMG data. Moreover, even without the dominant signal, the accuracy scores were 90.1% for the EEG data and 85.2% for the EMG data. The proposed mechanism shows promise in the design of EEG/EMG‐based use in the medical device and rehabilitation industries.
Statistical analysis of hypersonic glide vehicle radar cross section
Authors: Pinto Jonathan , Whyman Neil L. , Ritchie Matthew A. , Griffiths Hugh 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe capability to design, manufacture and test Hypersonic Glide Vehicles (HGVs) has been demonstrated by a number of nations, and they are increasingly forming part of military inventories, potentially offering capabilities highly unique to this technology. This article reports the simulated Monostatic Radar Cross Section of a generic HGV in five frequency ranges, HF, VHF, UHF, L, and S‐bands associated with different radar types. Full spherical datasets of complex co‐ and cross‐polar data are synthesised so that backscatter resulting from illumination by r.f./microwave energy of linear or circular polarisation can subsequently be computed from the raw dataset. Circular polarisation is commonly employed by ground‐based Ballistic Missile Early Warning Systems and Space Object Surveillance and Identification radars to avoid polarisation mis‐match losses resulting from ionospheric Faraday rotation effects. The data was generated using Ansys' Finite Element Solver at 10, 150 and 430 MHz, with the Geometric Optics/Physical Optics based SBR+ solver employed for 1.3 and 3 GHz data. All data was produced at below the Nyquist sampling interval relevant to the target's electrical size. These datasets were then imported into a Matlab routine which extracted data over limited angular ranges associated with the likely radar line‐of‐sight in particular scenarios, typically having a standard deviation of ±10° about the direction of flight, applying either a Gaussian or Uniform sampling distribution as part of a Monte Carlo analysis. These extracted data were then used to form histograms giving the probability of sampling particular RCS values. Probability density functions and cumulative distribution functions were then fitted, to aid in the representation of statistical target fluctuations for each band and angular sampling range. The HGV exists in either the ‘Rayleigh’, ‘resonance’ or ‘optical’ scattering regimes, depending on its relative electrical size. The results suggest that for this target shape at HF and VHF cases a simple Swerling 0 (fluctuation invariant) approximation is adequate in most instances, whilst a Gamma distribution may be applied for UHF band cases. At L and S‐band a Beta distribution was found to provide a good fit to the available data.
Philosophisch-psychiatrische Reflexionen zur Liebe
Authors: Jordan Wolfgang 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungBezugnehmend auf ein Gedicht „Dialog zweier Liebender“ und eine Fabel „Die letzte Liebe“ werden wesentliche Aspekte der Liebe beschrieben: Liebe als Weltzugang, als Weg zu Weisheit, Selbsterkenntnis und Tugend, Liebe als Angst vor Verlust und der Wunsch nach Verschmelzung, Liebe als Begegnung im Dialog, Liebe als Fürsorge, Liebe als Ekstase, Lustempfinden und Glücksgefühl. Diese beruhen auf drei Theorien zur Liebe aus den Anfängen der Philosophie in der griechischen Antike bei Platon und Aristoteles. Der Beitrag erörtert diese Thesen unter einem philosophisch-psychiatrischen Blickwinkel und ergänzt sie um neuere Interpretationen. Die kurze Beschreibung einzelner psychiatrischer Störungsbilder führt zu einem neuen Liebesverständnis. Ethische Betrachtungen zum Liebesleben in der Psychiatrie legen nahe, dass trotz ihrer gestalterischen Möglichkeiten die Liebe in der Psychiatrie einem Tabu unterliegt. Mögliche Ursachen werden abschließend dargelegt. Der Beitrag regt an, über Liebe in der Psychiatrie nachzudenken.
Wie wir es heute mit der Religion halten. Liebe und Liebesgeschichten als Antwort auf die Gretchenfrage – eine Untersuchung zu Goethe und Honigmann
Authors: Donahue William Collins 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungWie die schraffierte Schnittmenge eines Venn-Diagramms kann auch die Liebe als Überschneidung verstanden werden, als Gleichzeitigkeit von wesentlich religiöser Erfahrung und Moment diesseitiger Transzendenz. Faust deutet das in seiner berühmten Antwort auf Gretchens Frage nach seiner Religion an. Honigmann dreht Fausts „Entgegenkommen“ um und erweitert es zugleich. Sie zeigt, dass die Liebe in der modernen, säkularisierten Gesellschaft überkommene religiöse Zugehörigkeit ersetzen, aber auch ergänzen kann.