bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Planting Spaces and Basgran Herbicide on Growth and Yield of Pisum sativum L. and Weeds Accompanying It
Authors: Thanon A. I. , Hussain Z. M. , Antar S. H. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The experiment was carried out at winter agricultural season (2021-2022) at two location Al-Rashedia and Talkef, the experiment include two factors, planting space, (25, 50 and 75 cm) between the rows and four doses of Basgran herbicide (750, 1500 and 3000 ml / h−1 in addition the control). The experiment applied according factorial experiments system using Randomize Complete Block Design with three replication. the seeds of the Spanish cultivar were sown on 10 and 11 of December the data was analyzed according to the factorial experiments system using R.C.B.D significantly different treatments were distinguished with different letters. The most important results can be summarized as follow : the second distance exceeded than another at decrease the number and dry weight of broad leaves weed at Al-Rashedia location but non-significant differences among the planting space at Talkef location whether at number and dry weight of narrow and broad leaves weeds. The second distance exceeded than another at the yield seeds at Al-Rashedia location while the third distance exceeded at Talkef location.non-significant differences among the doses of Basagran herbicide at effect on No and dry weight of broad and narrow leaves weeds at Talkef location and broad leaves weed at Al-Rashedia location.non-significant differences among the doses of Basagran herbicide at effect on seed yield of Pea at two location.
Evaluation the Effect of some Plant Extracts in Controlling the Oriental Hornet vespa orientalis Linnaeus, 1771 Near the Apiaries
Authors: Augul R. S. , Al-Saffar H. H. , Abed I. J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA significant amount of apiaries is destroyed in most areas of Iraq by attacking of the hornetVespa orientalisLinnaeus, 1771, as well as the deterioration of European honey bees’ Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 productivity recently because the environmental changes and pollutions; this effect was evident in the economy and plant production, because the bees as the most popular species of pollinator of crops globally. There is no effective and environmentally safe method yet; Therefore, this study suggested to use essential oils of Mediterranean cypressCupressus sempervirensL., 1753 (Pinales: Cupressaceae), and testing as a repellant substance. In the current investigations, we used three concentrations: 25000, 50000 and 100000 ppm to test efficacy the essential oil as a repellant with cow spleen as attractive bait for this wasp, in addition to, the extract was tested it within the apiary beehives to prevent wasps attacking and catching the worker bees. The result showed that the concentrations of 50000 and 100000 ppm were high repellant material, without finding any significant difference in statistical analysis; although it’s found between these concentrations and other treatments including the control. Therefore, we recommend using the concentration 50000 ppm in the apiaries to give it amazing results and a clear repellant of wasps, as they avoid getting close to the beehives openings at a distance of 45 cm. In addition, this essential oil did not effect on the activity of bees during the field observations.
Effect of Zinc and Wheat Variety on Grain Content of (Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn) Grown in Calcareous Soil
Authors: Kashmola Ammar Y. , Al-Niemi Sadullah N. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The seeds of eight cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were divided into two size groups (the first had its seeds trapped in a sieve with holes diameter of 3.41 mm mesh, and the second seeds had trapped in 2.36 mm mesh). Seeds of the eight varieties were planted in plastic pots under greenhouse conditions, and five treatments for zinc (0, 0,3, 0,9, 2,7, 8,1 mg Zn kg−1 soil) and two seed sizes were added to study the combined effect of zinc and wheat variety on Grain content of Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn. The results showed that the addition of zinc led to an increase in the zinc content of grains and a decrease in their content of cupper and manganese at high levels of zinc application While there was no clear effect on iron content.
Seasonal Presence of White Fly Species on Jujube Trees in Nineveh Governorate
Authors: Al-Jalal Haitham Mohieldin Muhammad , Al-Dulaimy Manal Hussein Hamood 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The study was conducted in the gardens of Mosul University from September 2019 to September 2020 in order to determine the types of white flies that infest Jujube trees and their seasonal activity. The results showed that Jujube trees, Zizyphus spina Christi, were infected with the following species: Acaudaleyrodes rachipora (Singh), Aleurolobus marlatti (Quan), and Aleuroclava jasmini (Takahashi). The percentage of leaf infection was highest in November, followed by September and August with an average 98.95, 94.85 and 94.63%, respectively. The insect preferred upper surface of the leaf than its lower surface, as the average number of nymphs was 15,11, and 1,39 nymphs/leaf, respectively, and the number of nymphs peaked during the autumn months. Direction had no effect on the rate of leaves infection, and no significant differences appeared between the treatments, while the density of nymphs in the leaves was affected by the direction factor, as the southern direction was significantly superior at a rate of 18.85 nymphs/leaf, and no significant differences were recorded between the other three directions. The results of the weekly catch also showed that the density of adults ranged between (1.28-168) adult /trap, peaking in October, while the adult were absent from the traps during January and February. Some predators were seen preying on the stages of the white fly, Lasiochilus pallidulus (Reuter), Oenepia conglobate (L.), Chrysoperla carnea (Stepheus).
Response of Vegetative Growth Traits of Several Soybean Cultivars to Spraying with the Growth Regulator Triacontanol (TRIA)
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed A. , AbdulKafoor Adil H. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out in the fields of a farmer in the (Al-Boouda) area of Al-Karmah district - Al-Anbar Governorate during the summer season of 2022, to study the effect of spraying with several concentrations of the growth regulator (triacontanol) on the vegetative growth characters of soybean cultivars. The experiment was carried out in split plots arrangement, according to the RCBD design, with three replications. Four concentrations of growth regulator TRIA (0, 40, 50, 60) mg L−1 were allocated to the main plots, while three cultivars of soybean (Lee, Shama, Se-220) were allocated to the sub-plots. The result indicates that the Lee cultivar outperformed in most of the vegetative growth characters over the rest of the other cultivars such as the number of branches (6.91 branches Plant−1), plant height (98.08 cm), leaf area (38.62 cm2 Plant−1) and leaf area index (2.05). While the cultivar Shama was earlier to reached the stage of beginning flowering, and it took the least number of 57.00 days, compared to other cultivars. Whereas the cultivar Se-220 outperformed with highest mean of chlorophyll index in the leaves, reaching 37.43 spad. The results showed that the treatments sprayed with a growth regulator at a high concentration (60 mg L−1) were superior in most of the studied growth characteristics, and their average number of branches was (7.40 branches Plant−1), plant height (110.0 cm), and leaf area and leaf area index (44.87 cm2 Plant−1 and 2.38) respectively, and it needed the least number of days to reach the stage of the beginning of flowering at 58.33 days compared to the other concentrations. The results also indicated that the interaction between the study factors had a significant effect on most of the vegetative growth characters, where the Lee cultivar plant sprayed with a concentration of (60 mg L−1) of the growth regulator achieved the highest averages for several characters, including number of branches, plant height, and leaf area, while the two-way interaction did not affect significantly the number of days from planting to the beginning of flowering and the leaf area index.
The Effect of the Method and Date of Planting on the Growth and the Blooming of Matthiola incana L.
Authors: Ahmed Zainab Abdulmunem , Qasim Ali F. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The current study was conducted in the greenhouse at the department of Horticulture and Gardens Engineering / College of Agriculture and Forestry / University of Mosul for the period from October 1st 2021 until June 10th 2022 on the series Hot Cakes of Matthiola incana L. The experiment was conducted using split-plot systems with a random complete block design. The planting factor was put in the main boards, which included the uncovered and covered planting. The factor of planting date was put in the secondary boards, which included three senga gnitnalp, namely 1/10, 15/10 and 1/11. The results show that the plants that were planted using the uncovered planting system gave the highest values in terms of the leaf area (169 cm2) and the number of flowerets (54.64) floweret. As for the covered planting, it was convenient to increase the diameter of the first floweret (33.54 mm) and the height of the plant (28.62 cm). it was also observed that in the late period of planting, which was on 1/11/2021, the leaf area improved (181.34 cm2) and leaf area (170 cm2plant−1).
Response Growth and Yield of Three Cucumber Hybrids (Cucumis sativus L.) to Nano Fertilizer N20P20K20 under Protected House
Authors: Al-Bayati Hussein J. M. , Al-Harbawy Khaled A. M. , Allela Waleed B. A. , Al-Sabawy Maher M. S. , Ibraheem Fathel F. R. , Al-Taey Duraid K. A. , Mahmood Saad S. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The experiment was run in the spring of 2021 in one of the unheated plastic houses in the Department of Horticulture and Landscape in the College of Agriculture and Forestry at the University of Mosul to examine the impact of two variables: Second: spraying three different concentrations of Nano fertilizer N20 P20 K20 on three different cucumber hybrids (Roni, Modhish, and Baher) alongside a control treatment that received no Nano fertilizer spraying. The hybrid factor was positioned in the main plots, and Nano-fertilizer spray concentrations were positioned in the split plots, all within the context of a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) for the experiment’s layout. The information was recorded, then analyzed statistically, yielding the following findings: Concentrations of 3 mg L-1 of Nano fertilizer sprayed on Roni hybrids significantly increased plant length and leaf area; concentrations of 3 mg L-1 on Modhish hybrids significantly increased yield per plant, fruit yield, and total fruit yield; and concentrations of 3 mg L-1 on Baher hybrids significantly increased the value of leaves per plant.
Combination Influences of NPK Fertilizers and Bradyrhizobium Inoculation on the Yield, Chemical Constituents and Guaran Production of Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Taub.) Plant
Authors: Abdelgawad Mahmoud A. A. , Meawad A. A. , Abdelkader M. A. I. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
At the Experimental Farm (Ghazala Farm) of the Agric. Fac., Zagazig University, Egypt, two field experiments were conducted through the two successive summer seasons in 2019 and 2020. This was an effort to improve the guar plant’s yield and productivity. The experiment was set up as a split-plot design with NPK fertilization as the main plot and bio-fertilization as the sub-plot. The Bradyrhizobium spp. inoculation rates were (0.0, 200 and 400 g/feddan), while the NPK fertilization levels were (0.0, 75, 100, and 125% of recommended level). Ammonium sulphate (20.5% N) at 200 kg/feddan, calcium super phosphate (15.5% P2O5) at 200 kg/feddan, and potassium sulphate (48% K2O) at 100 kg/feddan were the NPK fertilization recommended rates (RR). The obtained results showed that, in comparison to control and the other levels under study, guar plants fertilized with 125% RR significantly increased yield components as well as total carbohydrates content, and NPK percentages in seeds and guaran production. Additionally, compared to the control and lowest inoculation rates of Bradyrhizobium, the maximum inoculation rate (400 g/feddan) considerably recorded the highest values of all the aforementioned parameters. The majority of the study’s findings demonstrated that fertilized guar plants with 125% RR of NPK fertilization, together with 400 g/feddan of Bradyrhizobium inoculation rate, might aid to improve guar plant (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba Taub.) yield, chemical constituents and guaran production.
Effect Infestation by Sesamia cretica L. Insect in some Characteristics of Growth for Varieties of Yellow Corn
Authors: Shallal Mohammed Rakan , Ibrahim Abdul Jabar K. , Alomari Arqam 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This observe changed into carried out in the fields of Al-Hawija location of Kirkuk Governorate for the reason of reading the assessment of a few sorts of yellow corn for contamination through the corn stalk insect (Sesamia cretica L) and the impact of the insect infestation on a few traits and boom of yield of a few yellow corn cultivars. The maximum contamination fee of the ZOAN cultivar changed into 7.50% in comparison to the bottom contamination fee with inside the Samuray 34 cultivar of 0.50 % after a duration of 20 days of germination, however after forty days the contamination fee changed into maximum at the ZOAN cultivar 45% and for the nearby range 37.30% in comparison to the Samuray 34 cultivar 4% only, and after 60 days, the contamination fee changed into 25.75% for the ZOAN variety and for the nearby 19%, in comparison to 4.70% for the Samuray 34 variety. The number of caterpillars for each plant ranged between (0.30-2.70) for each plant for the studied cultivars. As for the average number of shoots for each plant, it ranged between (0.30-3) for each plant for the studied cultivars, as it was the lowest for the Samuray 34 cultivar and the highest for Sweetened (local) cultivar. Sweetened (local) cultivar, Wazawan, recorded the highest percentage of shoot lengths for each plant, as it was 9.30% and 7.50%, respectively, compared with the rest of the studied cultivars, as it was the lowest for the Samuray 34 cultivar, 1.33% of the plant, and for the Konstiz cultivar 3.60%, and for the Jameson cultivar 6%, while there were clear significant differences. In the percentage of shortening in the number of seeds and the values of loss in the weight of 100 grains, as well as the percentage of shortening in the crop, as the percentage of loss in the number of grains for the Samuray 34 variety was 12.33%, and the highest was for the Zawan variety by 18%, compared to the percentage of loss in Sweetened (local) variety amounted to 17.30%. The Samuray 34 cultivar recorded the lowest percentage of shortening in the weight of 100 grains, as it was 6% compared to the ZOAN cultivar, 8.60% compared to the rest of the studied cultivars, which was reflected in the percentage of loss in the total crop, as the percentages ranged between (19-24) %, as the Samuray 34 cultivar recorded the lowest percentage. It amounted to 19%, compared to 22.67% for the Zawan variety, and for Sweetened (local) 24%, compared to the rest of the maize varieties. The best cultivar was the Samuray 34 cultivar for use in breeding programs for corn stalk borer control.
A study of Three Planting Dates and Spraying with Zinc, Boron and Polyamine (Putrescine) on the Qualitative Characteristics of Broccoli
Authors: Al-Issawi Ali Khalif , Al-Mohammedi Omar Hashim Muslah 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The experiment was carried out during the two winter agricultural seasons 2020-2021 AD and 2021-2022 AD in Anbar Governorate / Fallujah District, 60 km west of Baghdad on the banks of the Euphrates River. The factorial experiment included 18 treatments of 2x3x3 using a factorial experimental within split-plot according to the randomized complete block design. Planting dates were placed in the main plot, zinc and boron factors in the sub-plot, and the polyamines puterscine in sub-plot.They distributed randomly within the dates with three replications, so that the treatments become 54, the results showed that the second date was superior in the percentage of chlorophyll, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, reaching 313.99, 299.76 mg 100 g−1, 4.51, 4.30%, 0.37, 0.36%, 1.37, 1.30% for the two seasons, respectively, the third date excelled by giving the highest vitamin C date, which reached 294.07 and 292.97 mg g−1, while the triple interaction showed the superiority of the plants planted on the second date of the first and second seasons between the planting date and spraying with zinc, boron and spraying polyamine, the highest rate in the percentage of chlorophyll and the percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which amounted to 339.70, 325.83 mg 100 gm−1, 4.85, 4.56%, 0.40, 0.44%, 1.58, and 1.56%, compared to the lowest rate for the third date, which amounted to 243.73 and 236.06 mg 100 g−1, 2.97, 2.49%, 0.25, 0.23%, 0.89, 0.96% for the two seasons, respectively.
Effect of Phosphorus and Polyamine Fertilizers on Leaves N, P, K, Chlorophyll, Protein and Carbohydrates Concentrations of Kufi Apple Transplants
Authors: Alah Afraa Esam Saad , Alwan Al Aareji Jassim M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The work was conducted in the Lath-house/Department of Horticulture and landscape design/College of Agriculture and Forestry/University of Mosul on Kufi apple transplants (Malus domestica L.) at one year old planted on plastic containers containing 9 kg of soil, by using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two factors, three replications and four transplants for every experimental unit, First factor was three levels of phosphorus (0,100 and 200 mg P kg soil), second factor was three levels of polyamine fertilizer (0,1.5 and 3 gm l−1) the transplants were fertilized with phosphorus once during a season, first application was done in 26/4/2021, while Polyamine fertilizer was applied five times during the season, 20 days between them, first application was done in 26/4/2021. The results obtained showed that the application of phosphorus especially at a concentration of 200 mg P kg−1 soil and polyamine fertilizer at the concentration of 3 gm l−1, each separately or in combination, significantly increased leaves N, P, K, total chlorophyll, protein and carbohydrates concentrations of Kufi apple transplants compared to the control treatment.
Evaluation of the Inhibitory and Antioxidant Activity of Ceratonia siliqua Leaf and Seed Extract
Authors: Al-Azzawi Shams Muwaffaq Muhammad , Al-Azzawi Maha Muhammad Nafie Ali 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The current study aimed to estimate the chemical composition of the powder of both leaves and seeds of Ceratonia siliqua, which was purchased from the local market in Iraq/Baghdad. Where the test included (moisture-fat-protein-carbohydrate-ash-fiber), both leaves and seeds were extracted by Soxhlet continuous extraction machine using ethanol solvent. Several chemical tests were conducted on the extracts, which included the following: Detection of phenolic compounds and flavonoids by HPLC technology (high-performance liquid chromatography), where the results showed the appearance of several peaks at a wavelength of 280 nm for several phenolic compounds and at different time lengths. The inhibition activity was evaluated for two types of bacteria (positive/gram-negative), one type of yeast, two types of molds, and four concentrations of extracts (25-50-75-100 mg/ml). The results showed that the alcoholic extract of the leaves of the carob plant was superior to the seeds against all microorganisms. As for the antioxidant activity, it was approved by the DPPH test compared to vitamin C, as it is a natural antioxidant. The results showed that both leaf and seed extracts were superior to vitamin C, as the IC50% of seed extract was 7 ppm 11 and leaf extract was 184. As for vitamin C, the percentage of free radical inhibition was 50%, 373PPM, as it is known that the higher the IC50 value, the lower the antioxidant activity.
Growth Response and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) for Levels of Slow Nitrogen Release
Authors: Al-Asaf Mohammed Ahmed Ibrahim , Aziz Moyassar Mohammed 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The experiment carried out during season (2021-2022), in two locations first in the village of “Abu maria” in the Tal Afar District (51 km) western of Nineveh Governorate, and the second location was in the Hamidat district of “Badoush” (20 km) northwest of Nineveh Governorate, the aim of studying was the response of growth and yield of two Cultivars of Maze (Dragma and Sengunto) for Slow Nitrogen Release fertilization (SNRF) at levels (0, 15, 30, 45 kg.ha−1) and the recommendation of the ministry of agriculture (95 urea and 50 kg di-ammonium phosphate – DAP – per ha−1), the experiment designed with the Complete Randomize Design (RCBD) in the split-plot, as the two cultivars were in the main plots, while the fertilizer treatments were in the subplots, the most important results were summarized as follows: There were significant differences between the cultivars for vegetative characteristics in both locations in: (Male Flowering, and Female Flowering), while in “Badoush” location recorded significant differences in characteristics: (plant height and cob height). The levels (30 and 45 kg.ha−1) in characteristics (plant height, cob height, and the number of leaves at locations of study, while the mentioned treatments were significant in the location of “Badush” for characteristics (Male Flowering and Leaf Area). The interaction between Cultivars and Fertilizer levels was significant (“Sungunto” with Fertilization level (30 kg.ha−1) in Plant height at both locations, While there were significant differences in the interaction mentioned at “Badoush” for leaf area. Regarding the yield and its components, there were significant differences in the characteristics in both locations with two cultivars in the study, where (SNRF) was significantly different in yield, where levels (30, and 45 kg. ha−1) were superior for all characteristics of yield and its components at both locations. In the interaction between cultivars and (SNRL), there were non-significant differences in “Abu Maria” for yield characteristics and its components. However, in “Badoush”, there were significant differences in rows number in cob. Regarding the quality characteristics (protein percentage, and yield of protein), The Cultivars recorded a significant difference in yield of protein at both locations, while the differences were significant in protein percentage in “Badoush”. The protein percentage was non-significant at both Study locations at (SNRL) levels.