bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying the relationship between changes in vegetation indices and the anthropogenic activities in the tropical Semarang City of Indonesia using space imagery
Authors: Sudarmanto B , Suranto S , Suntoro S , Sutrisno J 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The existence of vegetation in the watershed area as a function of maintaining the continuity of the process of soil infiltration, erosion resistance, and landslide resistance is essential. Studies that measure the existence of vegetation through vegetation index parameters by utilizing optical-based satellite imagery maps, as well as radiometric waves or Radio Detection and Ranging (RADAR), have been widely carried out. However, attempts to test it to formulate it into vegetation resilience indices on the scale of functional areas such as watersheds are still a challenge in itself. In this study, the vegetation resilience index was measured by looking for spatial change patterns from Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) in 2015-2021. This spatial pattern change is associated with anthropogenic factors represented by the dynamics of changes in vegetation to housing and population distribution. The use of residential land is obtained from the interpretation of optical-based satellite imagery maps from Google Earth sources mitigated by the administrative boundaries of villages. The population change was obtained from statistical data on the village’s population in the same year. The change in vegetation index, residential, and inhabitants were examined by the Spatial Autocorrelation (SA) using the Global Moran’s Index (GMI). Finally, the changes in the spatial patterns in vegetation indices, residentials index, and inhabitant index were conducted with correlation analysis to determine the relationship between these parameters. The results of GMI indicate a tendency towards dispersion in NDVI and SAVI, which showed a linear index decline in the dry season but weak linear indices incline in the wet season. The trend of dispersion patterns also occurs in residential and inhabitants, showing a linear index decline with a high confidence level (R2=0.9171 in residentials and R2=0.5872 in inhabitants). The relationship between pattern changes in NDVI and SAVI and Residential and Inhabitant found by the following formula; NDVI = 0.214173 -3.12952 * Residential + 6.457788 * Inhabitant; SAVI = 0.101544 + 0.120294 * Residential + 1.963223 * Inhabitant.
Effects of cathodic protection potential on microbiologically induced corrosion behavior of X70 steel in a near-neutral pH solution
Authors: Chen Xu , Cui Wenxuan , Wang Yuhan , Li Chengyuan , Wang Kun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) are considered as one of the main causes for the failures of buried metal pipes. Although many researchers reported that more negative cathodic protection potential was required in environments containing SRB, SRB would increase the concentration of hydrogen adsorbed on steel surface and thus lead to hydrogen embrittlement. In the study, the optimum cathodic protection (CP) potentials of X70 steel in bacterial and sterile media were evaluated with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The morphology and composition of corrosion products were characterized by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), an energy dispersion x-ray spectrometer (EDS), and an x-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS). The corrosion morphology of X70 steel in NS4 medium was pits and the corrosion in the bacterial medium was more serious than that in the sterile medium. The corrosion products of X70 steel were FeOOH and Fe2O3 in the sterile medium, whereas its corrosion products in the bacterial medium were FeOOH and FeS. When CP potential was −775 mV, SRB growth was promoted and the optimal protection effect on X70 steel was achieved in the bacterial NS4 medium. Pits were still observed under the biofilm and the corresponding corrosion mechanism was extracellular electron transfer (EET). When CP potential was −875 mV, X70 steel realized the optimal protection in the sterile NS4 solution. However, CO2 hydrolysis and SRB metabolism in the bacterial medium resulted in hydrogen-induced pits. When CP potential was −1025 mV, the growth of SRB was inhibited and severe hydrogen evolution corrosion occurred on X70 steel in bacterial and sterile NS4 media. The optimal CP potential for pipeline steel in the sterile medium may lead to hydrogen corrosion in the bacterial medium when H+ concentration was high.
The dynamics of external water conduction in the dryland moss Syntrichia
Authors: Jauregui-Lazo Javier , Wilson Marielle , Mishler Brent D 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Syntrichia relies on external water conduction for photosynthesis, survival, and reproduction, a condition referred to as ectohydry. Capillarity spaces are abundant in Syntrichia, but the link between function and morphology is complex. The aim of this study was to provide a better understanding of species-specific morphological traits underlying the functions of water conduction and storage. We used an environmental scanning electron microscope and confocal microscopy for observing anatomical characters in the leaves of Syntrichia species. We also measured hydration/dehydration curves to understand the rate of conduction and dehydration by experimental approaches. Syntrichia is an ectohydric moss that can externally transport and store water from the base of the stem using capillary action. We propose a new framework to study ectohydric capabilities, which incorporates three morphological scales and the timing of going from completely dehydrated to fully hydrated. Characters of interest in this model include cell anatomy (papillae development, hyaline basal cells and laminar cells), architecture of the stem (concavity and orientation) and whole clump characteristics (density of stems). We report significant variations in the speed of conduction, water holding capacity and hydration associated with each species studied (11 in total). All Syntrichia species are capable of external water conduction and storage, but the relevant traits differ among species. These results help to understand potential evolutionary and ecological trade-offs among speed of water conduction, water holding capacity, ontogeny, and differing habitat requirements. An integrative view of ectohydry in Syntrichia contributes to understanding the water relationships of mosses.
4E analysis and optimization of cold thermal-energy storage under partial operating mode and demand-limiting mode for air-conditioning systems
Authors: Hosseinjany Salar , Ahmadi-Danesh-Ashtiani Hossien , Khoshgard Ahmad , Fazaeli Reza 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Cold thermal energy storage is an active method for reducing the peak electrical demand and electricity consumption of air conditioners. This paper investigates two different cases: partial operating mode–load levelling (POM–LL) and demand-limiting mode (DLM). 4E (energy, exergy, economic, environment) analyses along with a multi-objective optimization process based on a genetic algorithm is applied to determine optimal design values. Exergy efficiency, total annual cost and payback-period time are considered as objective functions in this study. The results have shown that POM and DLM decreased the electricity consumption by 10.36% and 11.29%, respectively, resulting in raising the annual costs by 11.08% and 11.42%. Also, their annual payback periods were 4.36 and 4.18 years each. In addition, using off-peak hours instead of on-peak hours for electricity consumption and reducing electricity consumption are the two main ways of decreasing CO2 emissions during electricity generation. Therefore, the CO2 emissions through POM and DLM are 13.31% and 13.72% less than those of conventional systems, respectively.
Techno-economic optimization of a sustainable system to cogenerate power and water for remote areas
Authors: Akhavan Shams Sina , Ahmadi Rouhollah 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this study, a new water and power cogeneration plant, employing photovoltaic (PV) and photovoltaic–thermal (PVT) panels simultaneously, is designed and optimized for a village struggling to provide energy and potable water in Iran. The system includes a solar energy unit to generate clean electricity and heat, and a reverse osmosis unit to produce drinking water. Techno-economic optimization is performed by implementing a genetic algorithm, and a comprehensive water and energy management strategy is designed and presented in detail, expandable for future works. A new method, the logarithmic model, is used to calculate the depth of discharge (DOD) of lithium-ion batteries, which was previously a fixed and predetermined value in previous papers. Various indices, the constraints of the optimization process, are also introduced to measure the reliabilities of different units. The effects of the system components on total cost are investigated and a comprehensive sensitivity analysis is performed to find the best solution to increase the penetration of renewable-energy systems. The results reveal that considering the depth of discharge of batteries and water storage tank capacity as decision variables reduces the system’s life-cycle cost (by 5.1% for changeable DODs). Furthermore, the simultaneous use of PV and PVT panels decreases the life-cycle cost considerably by ≤19% compared with the use of only PVT panels. Additionally, the cost of the battery causes a decrease in the cost of electricity storage and the cost of producing and storing fresh water.
Availability, sustainability and accessibility of agro crop residue production and solar radiation in Egypt for producing highly chemical products through pyrolysis processes
Authors: A. El-Sayed Saad , Ismail Mohamed A , Mostafa Mohamed E , Noseir Emad H , Khass Tarek M 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study examines the large amount of agricultural waste produced in Egypt between 2010 and 2019 by analysing data from various departments within the Agriculture Ministry. It also provides a comprehensive database on the biomass available from agricultural waste in Egypt and its potential applications for producing power, heat and chemical products. When biomass-pyrolysis systems powered by solar energy are used, research demonstrates the potential to convert agricultural waste into a variety of chemical compounds. This approach utilizes solar energy, a clean and renewable source, and has wide-ranging industrial and power generation applications. Despite Egypt’s reliance on agriculture, the country currently utilizes little biomass for energy production and has not previously used it as a source for creating chemical products, which could potentially save on the imported oil used in these industries. The findings of the study are graphically presented using histograms, pie charts, etc. The overall production of residues reached the 30-Mt level in 2019. Because it contains the most rice-cultivated land, Dakahlia (Lower Egypt region) produces the highest percentage of the total residue (37.17%). Qena governorate (Upper Egypt region) produces 1.14 metric tons of residues, with sugarcane accounting for 20.3% of the total.
The development of sniffing
Authors: Johnson Natalie L , Wesson Daniel W 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Sniffing is a commonly displayed behavior in rodents, yet how this important behavior adjusts throughout development to meet the sensory demands of the animals has remained largely unexplored. In this issue of Chemical Senses, Boulanger-Bertolus et al. investigates the ontogeny of odor-evoked sniffing through a longitudinal study of rats engaged in several olfactory paradigms from infancy to adulthood. The results of this study yield a cohesive picture of sniffing behavior across three developmental stages, while also providing direct comparisons within subjects between these timepoints. As we discuss herein, these results advance the field in relation to existing literature on the development of odor-evoked sniffing behavior in several important ways.
A Randomized Controlled Study Assessing Convalescent Immunoglobulins vs Convalescent Plasma for Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus 2019
Authors: Maor Yasmin , Shinar Eilat , Izak Marina , Rahav Galia , Brosh-Nissimov Tal , Kessler Asa , Rahimi-Levene Naomi , Benin-Goren Odeda , Cohen Dani , Zohar Iris , Alagem Noga , Castro Sharon , Zimhony Oren 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
It is unknown whether convalescent immunoglobulins (cIgGs) are better than convalescent plasma (CP) for patients with coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods
In this randomized controlled trial, we assigned high risk COVID-19 patients with ≤10 days of symptoms, to receive cIgGs or CP. The primary endpoint was improvement on day 14 according to the World Health Organization scale. Secondary endpoints were survival on day 14, and improvement, survival, and percent of ventilated patients on day 28, and treatment response in unvaccinated and vaccinated patients.

Results
A total of 319 patients were included: 166 received cIgGs and 153 CP. Median age was 64 to 66 years. A total of 112 patients (67.5%) in the cIgG group and 103 patients (67.3%) in the CP group reached the primary endpoint. Difference between groups was 0.1 (95% confidence interval, −10.1 to 10.4; P = .026), failing to reach noninferiority. More patients receiving cIgG improved by day 28 (136 patients [81.9%] and 108 patients [70.6%], respectively; 95% confidence interval, 1.9–20.7; P &lt; .001; for superiority P = .018). Seventeen patients in the cIgG group (10.2%) and 25 patients (16.3%) in the CP group required mechanical ventilation (P = .136). Sixteen (9.6%) and 23 (15%) patients, respectively, died (P = .172). More unvaccinated patients improved by day 28 in the cIgG group (84.1% vs 66.1%; P = .024), and survival was better in the cIgG group (89.9% vs 77.4%; P = .066).

Conclusions
cIgGs failed to reach the primary noninferiority endpoint on day 14 but was superior to CP on day 28. Survival and improvement by day 28 in unvaccinated patients treated with cIgGs were better. In the face of new variants, cIgGs are a viable option for treating COVID-19.

Trial registration number
My Trials MOH_2021-01-14_009667.
From dissident to recognized belligerent? The Free French and the Red Cross Movement, 1940–1943
Authors: Desgrandchamps Marie-Luce , Humbert Laure 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article explores how the Free French, who were obsessed with establishing legitimacy and obtaining resources on the international scene, sought to create links with the Red Cross Movement. First, it highlights the significance attached to affiliation with the Red Cross by a political committee-in-exile operating outside the traditional diplomatic framework. Although de Gaulle was relatively successful in this quest and obtained a partial diplomatic recognition within the Red Cross apparatus in 1943, this only extended to the transmission of information about prisoners of war. Secondly, it expands and deepens the history of the Red Cross Movement by illustrating the complexity of Red Cross philanthropy and the plurality of its transnational networks on the ground. In the Free French ‘archipelago’, local Red Cross structures, often led by women, were complicated by their own unique dynamics, entangled both in the geopolitics of the time and the local politics of their respective spaces.
Unsupervised Deep Learning Can Identify Protein Functional Groups from Unaligned Sequences
Authors: David Kyle T , Halanych Kenneth M 
Published: May 2023

AbstractInterpreting protein function from sequence data is a fundamental goal of bioinformatics. However, our current understanding of protein diversity is bottlenecked by the fact that most proteins have only been functionally validated in model organisms, limiting our understanding of how function varies with gene sequence diversity. Thus, accuracy of inferences in clades without model representatives is questionable. Unsupervised learning may help to ameliorate this bias by identifying highly complex patterns and structure from large data sets without external labels. Here, we present DeepSeqProt, an unsupervised deep learning program for exploring large protein sequence data sets. DeepSeqProt is a clustering tool capable of distinguishing between broad classes of proteins while learning local and global structure of functional space. DeepSeqProt is capable of learning salient biological features from unaligned, unannotated sequences. DeepSeqProt is more likely to capture complete protein families and statistically significant shared ontologies within proteomes than other clustering methods. We hope this framework will prove of use to researchers and provide a preliminary step in further developing unsupervised deep learning in molecular biology.
Brands in the Metaverse: The Concept of ‘Interdimensional Confusion’ Between the Physical and the Virtual Space under EU Trade Mark Law
Authors: Tenkhoff Christian , Grotkamp Philipp , Burgess-Tate Sylvia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Brands have identified the metaverse, Web3 and NFTs as new means of engaging with their consumer base. Digital fashion, in particular, seems to have a bright future ahead. However, novel forms of virtual counterfeits are also on the rise. Brand owners are concerned that their existing trade mark registrations might not provide sufficient protection against infringements in the virtual space. The present article examines whether a likelihood of confusion within the meaning of Art. 9(2)(b) EUTMR can exist where a trade mark registered for physical goods is used almost identically in respect of their virtual counterparts.
Dopamine alleviates cadmium stress in apple trees by recruiting beneficial microorganisms to enhance the physiological resilience revealed by high-throughput sequencing and soil metabolomics
Authors: Cao Yang , Du Peihua , Zhang Jiran , Ji Jiahao , Xu Jizhong , Liang Bowen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Dopamine has demonstrated promise as a stress-relief substance. However, the function of dopamine in Cd tolerance and its mechanism remains largely unknown. The current study was performed to investigate the mechanism of dopamine on alleviating apple Cd stress through regular application of CdCl2 and dopamine solution to potting soil. The results indicated that dopamine significantly reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Cd accumulation and alleviated the inhibitory effect of Cd stress on the growth of apple plants through activation of the antioxidant system, enhancement of photosynthetic capacity, and regulation of gene expression related to Cd absorption and detoxification. The richness of the rhizosphere microbial community increased, and community composition and assembly were affected by dopamine treatment. Network analysis of microbial communities showed that the numbers of nodes and total links increased significantly after dopamine treatment, while the keystone species shifted. Linear discriminant analysis effect size indicated that some biomarkers were significantly enriched after dopamine treatment, suggesting that dopamine induced plants to recruit potentially beneficial microorganisms (Pseudoxanthomonas, Aeromicrobium, Bradyrhizobium, Frankia, Saccharimonadales, Novosphingobium, and Streptomyces) to resist Cd stress. The co-occurrence network showed several metabolites that were positively correlated with relative growth rate and negatively correlated with Cd accumulation, suggesting that potentially beneficial microorganisms may be attracted by several metabolites (L-threonic acid, profenamine, juniperic acid and (3β,5ξ,9ξ)-3,6,19-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid). Our results demonstrate that dopamine alleviates Cd stress in apple trees by recruiting beneficial microorganisms to enhance the physiological resilience revealed. This study provides an effective means to reduce the harm to agricultural production caused by heavy metals.
Embracing or Rebuffing “the International”? Populist Foreign Policy and the Fourth Wave of Populism in Latin America
Authors: Wajner Daniel F , Wehner Leslie 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Under what conditions do populists embrace or reject “the international”? Some scholars of populism argue that populist leaders tend to neglect political (inter-)action in the international arena due to their stated preference for isolationist, nationalistic, and protectionist stances. Meanwhile, others claim that through their promotion of performative encounters and transnational solidarities between “People(s),” populists are actually more likely to engage with actors, ideas, styles, and agendas coming from abroad. This article explores this apparent contradiction, hypothesizing that three main elements influence the “populist mindset” to narrate the external world and thus adopt or rather resist new contingencies originating internationally: legitimacy, support, and opportunity. To examine the combination of these behavioral patterns, we compare two populist presidents who are paradigmatic of a fourth wave of populism in Latin America: Brazil's Jair Messias Bolsonaro and Mexico's Andrés Manuel Lopez Obrador (AMLO). A comparative analysis of Bolsonaro's and AMLO's discursive responses to numerous foreign policy issues reveals how these three mechanisms condition their engagement or apathy toward external developments in bilateral frameworks of cooperation, regional integration schemes, multilateral organizations, and global governance institutions. The findings of this study can contribute to a greater understanding of populist foreign policies and their outcomes, with a special emphasis on Latin America and the Global South, and more generally to the emerging research on populism in international relations.
Diplomats, Soldiers, and Armed Conflict Databases: Another French Exception?
Authors: Beaumais Louise , Ramel Frédéric 
Published: May 2023

AbstractContemporary governments are awash in quantification, as numbers and algorithms play an ever-greater role in public decision-making processes. In the field of defense and diplomacy, the development of armed conflict databases holds out the promise of improved predictive capacities and early warning systems. While this dynamic can be witnessed across a range of European countries, notably Germany and the Netherlands, it appears to be much less present in France. Diplomats and militaries make only marginal use of the available databases, judged both inadequate in their own right and ill-adapted to strategic analysis. This article proposes two explanatory variables to explain this specific appreciation: not only is a relatively limited training in quantitative methods offered to French diplomats and militaries, which leads to a specific use of numbers, but there is also a broader picture link to the will of protecting “digital sovereignty” in the international realm.