bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal Feedback Control for the Proportion of Energy Cost in the Upper-Arm Reaching Movement
Authors: Taniai Yoshiaki 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The minimum expected energy cost model, which has been proposed as one of the optimization principles for movement planning, can reproduce many characteristics of the human upper-arm reaching movement when signal-dependent noise and the co-contraction of the antagonist’s muscles are considered. Regarding the optimization principles, discussion has been mainly based on feedforward control; however, there is debate as to whether the central nervous system uses a feedforward or feedback control process. Previous studies have shown that feedback control based on the modified linear-quadratic gaussian (LQG) control, including multiplicative noise, can reproduce many characteristics of the reaching movement. Although the cost of the LQG control consists of state and energy costs, the relationship between the energy cost and the characteristics of the reaching movement in the LQG control has not been studied. In this work, I investigated how the optimal movement based on the LQG control varied with the proportion of energy cost, assuming that the central nervous system used feedback control. When the cost contained specific proportions of energy cost, the optimal movement reproduced the characteristics of the reaching movement. This result shows that energy cost is essential in both feedforward and feedback control for reproducing the characteristics of the upper-arm reaching movement.
Was Medusa a Priestess of Athena?
Authors: Henry John 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In Book 4 of Ovid’s Metamorphoses, the famous backstory of the Gorgon Medusa is related by her slayer Perseus: Neptune raped her in the temple of Minerva, and the goddess turned her hair into snakes out of divine vengeance for the desecration of her sanctuary. With few exceptions, most Ovid scholars are hesitant to posit any explanation for Medusa’s appearance at the temple, which does not appear to be justified in Ovid’s poem as it stands. In this article, the possibilities will be further explored: was Medusa (1) a priestess, (2) a suppliant or (3) simply a young woman of otherwise unspecified status? On further examination of the Book 4 passage, it will be argued that Ovid presents the metamorphosis myth of Medusa as an allusion, and that earlier sources were more likely to be forthcoming in their identification of the character.
“What’s the Purpose of Having a Say If I Cannot Participate?”
Authors: Strømland Monica , Bahus Marianne K. , Andersen Anders J.W. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The aim of this study was qualitatively to describe, explore and reflect upon young people’s experiences of being heard and to participate in decision-making processes made in their best interests when in contact with child welfare services (cws) in Norway. Despite children’s right to be heard according to national and international legislation, three out of nine interviewees expressed an overall experience of this when in contact with professionals. Positive experiences of being heard and experienced opportunities of participation formed a basis for personal well-being and trustful relations, whereas negative experiences were associated with mistrust and discontent. We analysed the interviews in light of child participation theory and the Capability Approach, using thematical content analysis. Based on our findings we suggest the Capability Approach in combination with theory of participation to operationalise children’s right to be heard.
Diagnostic performance of two versions of an artificial intelligence system in interval breast cancer detection
Authors: Çelik Levent , Güner Davut Can , Özçağlayan Ömer , Çubuk Rahmi , Arıbal Mustafa Erkin 
Published: September 2023

Background Various versions of artificial intelligence (AI) have been used as a diagnostic tool aid in the diagnosis of breast cancer. One of the most important problems in breast screening progmrams is interval breast cancer (IBC). Purpose To compare the diagnostic performance of Transpara v1.6 and v1.7 in the detection of IBC. Material and Methods Reports of screening mammograms of a total 2,248,665 of women were evaluated retrospectively. Of 2,129,486 mammograms reported as Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BIRADS) 1 and 2, the IBC group consisted of 323 cases who were diagnosed as having cancer on mammography and were correlated with pathology in second mammogram taken >30 days after first mammogram. Four hundred and forty-one were defined as the control group because they did not change over 2 years. Cancer risk scores of both groups were determined from 1 to 10 with Tranpara v1.6 and v1.7. Diagnostic performances of both versions were evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results Cancer risk scores 1 and 10 in v1.7 increased compared to v1.6 ( P < 0.001). In all cases, sensitivity for v1.6 was 56.6%, specificity was 90%, and, for v1.7, sensitivity was 65.9% and specificity was 90%, respectively. In all cases, area under the curve values were 0.812 for v1.6 and 0.856 for v1.7, which was higher in v1.7 ( P < 0.001). Diagnostic performance of v1.7 was higher than v1.6 at the 7–12-month period ( P < 0.001). Conclusion The present study showed that Tranpara v1.7 has a higher specificity, sensitivity and diagnostic performance in IBC determination than v1.6. AI systems can be used in breast screening as a secondary or third reader in screening programs.
Unproductive Labor and the Smile Curve
Authors: Quentin Clair 
Published: September 2023

A production boundary consistent with Marx’s theory of value may be drawn around labor that is quantitatively predicated by output at the point of exchange, as opposed to being merely causally predicated. The key difference between that production boundary and received Marxist doctrine on unproductive labor is that all other labor is excluded, rather than only such other labor that also falls to be treated as forming part of the “sphere of circulation.” Alternatively put, both sides of the “smile curve” are unproductive of value, rather than just the right-hand side. This conclusion substantiates the analytical nexus as between material production and global inequality to be found in critical global value chain literature. JEL Classification: B51, D43, D46, F66, O34
Early outcomes of peritoneal dialysis in a middle-income country: A retrospective cohort study of a large dialysis network in Colombia
Authors: Rivera Angela S , Vesga Jasmin I , Páez Sergio , Astudillo Kindar , Aldana Andrea , Alba Yolima , Niño Luz E , Castillo Juan C , Sanabria Mauricio , Lindholm Bengt , Rutherford Peter 
Published: September 2023

Background: The first year of dialysis is critical given the significant risk for complications following dialysis initiation. We analysed complications during the first year among incident peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Methods: This retrospective cohort study comprised adult kidney failure patients starting PD in Baxter Renal Care Services in Colombia, receiving their first PD catheter between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2020 and were followed up for up to 1 year. We analysed incidence, causes and factors associated with complications using logistic regression and transfer to haemodialysis (HD) using the Fine–Gray regression model. Results: Among 4743 patients receiving their first PD catheter: 4628 (97.6%) of catheter implantations were successful; 377 (7.9%) patients experienced early complications. The incidence rate of complications during the year was 0.51 events per patient-year (95% CI: 0.48–0.54). Age, obesity and urgent start were associated with higher probability of complications after catheter implantation. The cumulative incidence of transfer to HD within 1 year of PD initiation was 10.1% [95% CI: 9.2–11.1%]. The hazard function for transfer to HD showed an accelerating pattern during the first month followed by progressive decrease during the first year. Conclusions: In this large population of incident PD patients, there is a high primary catheter placement success rate. Urgent start, age ≥65 years, obesity, centre size ≥150 PD patients and diabetes were risk factors associated with early complications. The follow-up of the cohort from day 1 of PD treatment showed that the risk for transfer to HD was higher during the first month.
Prescription analgesic medication use among osteoarthritis patients
Authors: Huang Zhenzhen , Chen Xinxin , Gan Xihong , Chen Jiajia 
Published: September 2023

Objective Pharmacotherapy is the most common strategies to reduce pain for osteoarthritis (OA) patients. To analyze the trend and pattern of prescription analgesic medication use in American OA patients. Besides, our study also tried to figure out the demographic characteristics of opioid use among OA population which may helpful for managing the use of opioids. Methods We included 2214 OA patients from 2007 to 2018. We extracted data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. We compared analgesics and anti-depression medications use by category between survey participants with OA and without. Results For OA patients, NSAIDs, acetaminophen and gabapentinoid were the mostly highly used analgesics (10.2%, 9.0% and 8.9%, respectively). However, we also found that opioids use was very common in OA patients (7.7%) and the duration of opioids use was significantly long. In addition, the opioids use did not decrease from 2007 to 2018, while gabapentinoid increased rapidly from recent decade (From 5.0% to 12.1%). The common analgesic combination used by OA population was opioids with acetaminophen and gabapentinoid with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (2.9% and 2.7%, respectively). Conclusion The use of gabapentinoid increased rapidly from recent decade, while opioids use did not decrease. The long-term excessive use of opioids was also a serious problem for OA pain control. More improvements such as focusing more on healthcare education and paying more attention on non-pharmacotherapy and the psychological situation of patients are needed.
Lower Leg Lateral Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome: Prospective Surgical Treatment Outcomes for Isolated or Combined Lateral Fasciotomy
Authors: van Zantvoort Aniek P. M. , de Bruijn Johan A. , Hundscheid Henricus P. H. , Teijink Joep A. W. , Scheltinga Marc R. 
Published: September 2023

Background: Chronic exertional compartment syndrome involving the lower leg lateral compartment (lat-CECS) seldom occurs isolated but is usually combined with CECS of the anterior (ant-CECS) or deep posterior compartment (dp-CECS). Patient characteristics in lat-CECS and outcome after surgery are largely unknown. The aim of this prospective case series was to describe patient characteristics and symptoms and to report on outcome following a fasciotomy. Methods: All patients diagnosed with lat-CECS based on exertional lateral lower leg symptoms and elevated intracompartmental pressure (ICP) measurements according to the Pedowitz criteria (ICP ≥ 15 mm Hg at rest, and/or ≥30 mm Hg after 1 minute, and/or ≥20 mm Hg 5 minutes after exercise) were eligible for this study. A standard intake questionnaire scoring symptom patterns was completed by all patients. Patients who were operated for lat-CECS were asked to complete a 3-month and 12-month postoperative questionnaire scoring symptoms and surgical outcome. Patients with a history of CECS surgery, recent lower leg trauma, or peripheral neurovascular disease were excluded. Results: A total of 881 patients with possible lower leg CECS completed an intake questionnaire and 88 (10%) were diagnosed with lat-CECS according to the Pedowitz criteria (isolated lat-CECS n = 10; lat/ant CECS n = 54, lat/ant/dp CECS n = 19, lat/dp CECS n = 5). Severe pain during exercise and moderate tightness during rest were frequently reported. A group of 28 patients (49 legs; isolated lat-CECS n = 2; lat/ant CECS n = 22, lat/ant/dp CECS n = 3, lat/dp CECS n = 1) was analyzed after fasciotomy. Complications were minor (wound infection requiring antibiotics, n = 3; temporary complex regional pain syndrome with spontaneous recovery, n = 1). Superficial peroneal nerve damage was not observed. One year after surgery, 64% rated outcome as excellent or good, whereas 71% had resumed sports activities. Conclusion: One in 10 patients with anterolateral exertional lower leg pain evaluated in a tertiary referral center met diagnostic criteria for lat-CECS. Pain and tightness were present during exertion and were often reported occurring during rest and at night. In this series, we found fasciotomy—either an isolated (lateral) or a multiple (combined with anterior and/or deep posterior) compartment fasciotomy—is safe and beneficial in most patients. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
Should All Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension Undergoing Non-Cardiac Surgery Be Managed by Cardiothoracic Fellowship-Trained Anesthesiologists?
Authors: Bhatia Meena , Scheiber Christopher J. , Arora Simrat , Gustafson Chelsea , Funk Ian , Grosshuesch Craig , Simmers Carter , Li Quefeng , Liu Yutong , Smeltz Alan M. 
Published: September 2023

Objectives To identify differences in practice patterns and outcomes related to the induction of general anesthesia for patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) performed by anesthesiologists who have completed a cardiothoracic fellowship (CTA group) vs those who have not (non-CTA group). Design Retrospective study with propensity score matching. Setting Operating room. Participants All adult patients with PH undergoing general anesthesia requiring intubation at a single academic center over 5 years. Interventions Patient baseline characteristics, peri-induction management variables, post-induction mean arterial pressure (MAP), and other outcomes were compared between CTA and non-CTA groups. Methods and main results: Following propensity scoring matching, 402 patients were included in the final model, 100 in the CTA group and 302 in the non-CTA group. Also following matching, only cases of mild to moderate PH without right ventricular dysfunction remained in the analysis. Matched groups were overall statistically similar with respect to baseline characteristics; however, there was a greater incidence of higher ASA class ( P = .025) and cardiology and thoracic procedures ( P < .001) being managed by the CTA group. No statistical differences were identified in practice patterns or outcomes related to the induction of anesthesia between groups, except for longer hospital length of stay in the CTA group ( P = .008). Conclusions These results provide early evidence to suggest the induction of general anesthesia of patients with non-severe PH disease can be comparably managed by either anesthesiologists with or without a cardiothoracic fellowship. However, these findings should be confirmed in a prospective study.
A case of panuveitis caused by caterpillar setae
Authors: Zhang Ying , Yuan Yuan , Zhao Ruyi , Tan Wei 
Published: September 2023

Introduction Panuveitis is a serious inflammatory disease. Setae are fibers produced by many insects and plants. Many case reports have described caterpillar and spider fibers entering the eye. These hairs are covered with tiny barbs that help them enter and migrate into the eye tissue, leading to severe inflammation. Normally, they are buried mainly in the conjunctiva and cornea. However, in the present case, they entered the posterior segment of the eye, which is very rare. Case description A female patient presented with a complaint of repeated foreign body sensation, redness, pain, and photophobia in the left eye for 9 years following initial exposure to caterpillars. She visited the doctor in January after aggravation of symptoms. Slit-lamp examination, ultrasound biomicroscopy, ultrasound B-scan, fluorescein angiography, and indocyanine green angiography revealed the presence of a foreign body in the vitreous, which caused discomfort in the patient's left eye and subsequently, panuveitis of the left eye. The symptoms improved significantly after foreign body removal using vitrectomy. Microscopic examination revealed that the foreign body was caterpillar setae. Conclusion Clinicians should be more vigilant about history of contact with caterpillars while examining uveitis that has recurred for many years. Identification of the root cause of the disease can ensure better treatment.
Clinical, imaging, and management features of symptomatic carotid web: Insight from CAROWEB registry
Authors: Olindo Stephane , Gaillard Nicolas , Chausson Nicolas , Turpinat Cedric , Dargazanli Cyril , Bourgeois-Beauvais Quentin , Signate Aissatou , Joux Julien , Mejdoubi Mehdi , Piotin Michel , Obadia Mickael , Desilles Jean-Philippe , Delvoye François , Holay Quentin , Gory Benjamin , Richard Sébastien , Denier Christian , Robinet-Borgomano Emmanuelle , Carle Xavier , Desal Hubert , Guillon Benoit , Viguier Alain , Lamy Matthias , Pico Fernando , Landais Anne , Boulanger Marion , Renou Pauline , Gariel Florent , Jean Papaxanthos , Yann Lhermitte , Papillon Lisa , Marnat Gaultier , Smadja Didier 
Published: September 2023

Background: Although carotid web (CaW) is increasingly diagnosed as a cause of cryptogenic stroke, data are still limited to monocentric small sample cohort. To broaden knowledge on symptomatic CaW, CAROWEB registry has been recently implemented. Aims: In a large cohort of symptomatic CaW patients, we described epidemiologic characteristics, admission clinical and imaging features, and the current management including the secondary preventive strategy choice made in comprehensive French Stroke Units. Methods: CAROWEB is an ongoing French observational multicenter registry enrolling consecutive CaW patients diagnosed after an ipsilateral ischemic stroke (IS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Submitted cases were validated by two experienced neurologist and neuroradiologist. Clinical, imaging, and management features were collected for this study. Results: Between June 2019 and December 2021, 244 cases were submitted by 14 centers, 42 rejected, and 202 included (IS, 91.6%; TIA, 7.9%; retinal infarction, 0.5%; mean age, 50.8 ± 12.2 years; female, 62.9%; Caucasian, 47.5%; Afro-Caribbean, 20.3%). IS patients showed median (interquartile range (IQR)) admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, 8 (2–15); intracranial artery occlusion, 71.8%; ipsilateral chronic cerebral infarction (CCI), 16.3%; and reperfusion treatment, 57.3%. CaW was not identified during the mechanical thrombectomy procedure in 30 of 85 (35.3%) patients. Secondary prevention was invasive in 55.6% (stenting, n = 80; surgery, n = 30). In multivariable analysis, the invasive therapeutic option was associated with ipsilateral CCI (odds ratio (OR): 4.24 (1.27–14.2), p = 0.019) and inversely associated with risk factors (OR: 0.47 (0.24–0.91), p = 0.025) and admission NIHSS score (OR: 0.93 (0.89–0.97), p = 0.001). Conclusion: CaW must be considered in all ethnic groups including Caucasians. Secondary prevention is heterogeneous in large French Stroke Centers. The absence of risk factors, milder severity strokes, and ipsilateral CCI were predictive variables of secondary invasive treatment. The high rate of invasive treatment suggests that medical treatment alone is deemed ineffective to avoid recurrence and emphasize the need of randomized trials.
Obesity and the correlation with full-thickness rotator cuff tears in younger patients
Authors: Romiyo Vineeth , Curry Michael , Wright Branden , Pohl Nicholas , Gentile Pietro M , Hunter Krystal , Fedorka Catherine J 
Published: September 2023

Background The purpose of this study is to assess the relationship between obesity and full-thickness rotator cuff (FT-RTC) tears in patients under 50 years of age. Methods A retrospective review of 571 patients aged 18–70 years who underwent FT-RTC repair was conducted. Patients were stratified into less than 50 years old (LT50; n = 84) and greater than or equal to 50 years old (GT50; n = 487) cohorts. Dependent variables included body mass index (BMI ≥ 30, ≥35, and ≥40), comorbidities, sex, race, and social history. Inter-cohort differences were analyzed with Student's t-tests, Pearson Chi-squared tests, and linear regressions. Results The LT50 cohort reported greater mean BMI (37.61 ± 5.62 vs 35.16 ± 4.62; p = 0.002). There was no difference in %BMI ≥30 between cohorts. The LT50 showed a significantly higher %BMI than the GT50 cohort when stratifying by BMI ≥ 35 [34.5% (35.10–51.30) vs 17.5% (35.00–55.30), p < 0.001] and BMI ≥40 [15.5% (40.10–51.30) vs 6.4% (40.19–55.30), p = 0.004], a 2.5- and 2.7-times greater odds, respectively. Linear regressions of the GT50 cohort demonstrated increasing age was associated with decreased odds of obesity ( β = -0.041, p = 0.003, OR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.93–0.99). Discussion Although the incidence of FT-RTCs is lower in patients under 50 years of age, the results of this study are the first to suggest that obesity is positively correlated with premature FT-RTCs. Level of Evidence III.
Outcomes of revision versus re-revision reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: A case–control-matched cohort study
Authors: S O'Keefe Daniel , Teurlings Tyler L , Hao Kevin A , Saengchote Supreeya A , Schoch Bradley S , Wright Thomas W , Farmer Kevin W , Struk Aimee M , King Joseph J 
Published: September 2023

Background The increasing incidence of reverse total shoulder arthroplasties (RTSA) has led to an increase in revision surgery. We aimed to compare patients undergoing re-revision RTSA to a matched cohort undergoing first-revision RTSA. Methods A retrospective review of all revision RTSAs was performed at a single institution. Sixteen shoulders that underwent re-revision RTSA were matched 1:3 to shoulders that underwent revision RTSA with a minimum two-year follow-up. Outcome scores including the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Shoulder Score (ASES), Short-Form 12 (SF-12), Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), and Simple Shoulder Test (SST) scores, range of motion (ROM), and improvement from preoperative to postoperative outcomes after re-revision RTSA were assessed. Additionally, postoperative outcomes after re-revision RTSA were compared to patients that underwent first revision RTSA and subsequently compared to the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) values for the outcome scores and ROM measurements assessed. Results Sixteen shoulders that underwent re-revision RTSA and 78 revision RTSAs met the final inclusion criteria to be included in this study. Significant improvement from preoperative to postoperative re-revision RTSA was seen in the ASES score (p = 0.046), SPADI score (p = 0.044), SST (p = 0.008), abduction (p = 0.016), and elevation (p = 0.025), but not the SF-12 score (p = 0.396), external rotation (p = 0.449), or internal rotation (p = 0.451). Outcomes after revision RTSA were found to be superior to outcomes after re-revision RTSA for all outcome scores (ASES p = 0.029, SF-12 p = 0.018, SPADI p = 0.003) except the SST score (p = 0.080) and all ROM measures (p > 0.05 for all). Internal rotation was equivalent postoperatively between both groups. From preoperative to postoperative re-revision RTSA, the mean improvement exceeded the MCID for the SST score, abduction, forward elevation, and external rotation. When comparing postoperative revision RTSA to postoperative re-revision RTSA, the mean difference between revision and re-revision RTSA exceeded the MCID for the SPADI score and external rotation. The complication rate was 19% in shoulders undergoing first revision and 41% in shoulders undergoing re-revision RTSA. Conclusion Patients undergoing re-revision RTSA receive improvement in clinical outcomes, but do not achieve outcomes comparable to those achieved after first revision RTSA.