bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gefährliches Zusammenspiel: erhöhtes Lipoprotein(a) bei fortgeschrittener Niereninsuffizienz
Authors: Bernhardt Wanja M. 
Published: June 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGLipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) ist ein Lipidpartikel, dessen Proteinanteil aus einem Apolipoprotein(a) (Apo(a)) und einem Apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100) besteht. Im Wesentlichen ist die Konzentration von Lp(a) im Blut genetisch determiniert. Bei etwas mehr als 20 % der kaukasischen Bevölkerung finden sich erhöhte Lp(a)-Werte (> 50 mg/dl; > 70 nmol/l). Ein erhöhter Lp(a)-Wert ist ein unabhängiger kardiovaskulärer Risikofaktor, der u. a. durch aktuelle Medikamentenentwicklungen zunehmend in den klinischen und therapeutischen Fokus gerät. Insbesondere steigt bei einer erhöhten Lp(a)-Konzentration das Risiko für eine progrediente koronare Herzerkrankung oder eine Aortenklappenstenose. Gleichzeitig nimmt das kardiovaskuläre Risiko aufgrund einer fortgeschrittenen Niereninsuffizienz stark zu. Darüber hinaus führt eine fortgeschrittene Niereninsuffizienz zu negativen Veränderungen des Lipidprofils, einschließlich der Veränderungen der Lp(a)-Konzentration im Blut. Aktuell ist als einzige mögliche Therapieoption für Patienten mit einer klinisch signifikanten Lp(a)-Erhöhung und einer progredienten kardiovaskulären Erkrankung die Durchführung einer therapeutischen Lipoproteinapherese (LA) verfügbar. Die LA senkt bei diesen Patienten erheblich das kardiovaskuläre Risiko. Allerdings existieren zur Epidemiologie und Therapie von Patienten mit einer fortgeschrittenen Niereninsuffizienz und einer erhöhten Lp(a)-Konzentration weniger Daten. In diesem Beitrag wird die Rolle von einem erhöhten Lp(a)-Wert bei einer fortgeschrittenen Niereninsuffizienz ebenso diskutiert wie der gegenseitige Einfluss von einer chronischen Niereninsuffizienz (CKD: „chronic kidney disease“) auf die Lp(a)-Konzentration im Blut. Zudem wird die Evidenzlage und das daraus abzuleitende therapeutische Vorgehen bei einer erhöhten Lp(a)-Konzentration bei einer fortgeschrittenen Niereninsuffizienz dargestellt.
Präinterventionelle Klappenbildgebung in der CT: TAVR, TMVR und mehr
Authors: Langenbach Isabel L. , Foldyna Borek , Maintz David , Langenbach Marcel C. 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungKlappenerkrankungen zählen zu den häufigsten Herzerkrankungen, werden häufiger und können immer besser behandelt werden. Zwar benötigt nicht jede Klappenerkrankung zwingend eine
radiologische Bildgebung, doch insbesondere für die Aorten- und Mitralklappe spielt die radiologische Beurteilung eine wichtige Rolle. In diesem Beitrag steht vor allem die CT vor
Klappeneingriffen im Vordergrund.
Entscheidungshilfe für die Nierenersatztherapie bei Nierenerkrankungen im Endstadium
Authors: Shi Yu , Jiang-Siebert Qiumei 
Published: June 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEs wurde eine Entscheidungshilfe für die Nierenersatztherapie auf der Grundlage des Ottawa-Entscheidungshilfe-Scores entwickelt und in der klinischen Praxis anhand eines 6-stufigen Krebsmeldungsmodells angewendet. Für die Studie wurden Patienten mit End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) ausgewählt, die zwischen Juli 2020 und Juli 2021 unser Krankenhaus aufsuchten. 26 Fälle aus der Zeit von Juli–Dezember 2020 waren in der Kontrollgruppe und 27 Fälle aus der Zeit von Januar–Juli 2021 in der Studiengruppe, also insgesamt 53 Fälle. Die Studiengruppe verwendete Entscheidungshilfen, während die Kontrollgruppe traditionelle Methoden der Gesundheitserziehung erhielt. Die beiden Gruppen wurden hinsichtlich des Entscheidungskonflikt-Scores, der Wahl der Nierenersatztherapie und der Häufigkeit der Verwendung eines temporären Katheters verglichen. Die Studiengruppe hatte einen niedrigeren Entscheidungskonflikt-Score und eine niedrigere Rate an temporären intravenösen Kathetern als die Kontrollgruppe (p < 0,05) und eine bessere Rate.
The Little Prince
Authors: Rosenhouse Judith 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper studies translations of Antoine de Saint Exupéry’s The Little Prince into Hebrew and
Arabic, genealogically related Semitic languages. The discussion in the paper focuses on three questions related to subjects
already raised in the translation literature: What does the word count of any translated text contribute to translation study? How does comparing different translations of the same text into the same language contribute to translation research? Will translating one text into
genealogically related languages reveal similarities between the translations? The research hypothesizes that (1) similarities and
differences will be found between the translations, but (2) they will not affect target language rules. The main findings are that
(1) total word sums were smaller in the translations than word sums in the source text. (2) The differences reflect the style and
register considerations (formal versus daily lexical and structural elements) rather than grammatical issues. The research
hypotheses appear to be correct, at least for these languages.
Korean speech styles and Finnish terms of address from the
perspective of KFL learners
Authors: Kim Jeong-Young 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Korean speech styles (hapsyo-chey and
hayyo-chey in particular) are compared with Finnish terms
of address from the perspective of KFL learners, focusing on three variables,
namely “power”, “distance”, and “imposition” (Brown and Levinson, 1987). The comparison is based on
Peterson (2010), which the
current study replicates. The data were collected during a Discourse Completion
Task: seventy-eight native speakers of Korean were provided with seven scenarios
depicting everyday situations. The results underpin the common belief that
hayyo-chey is the most common speech style in Korean
society. On the pedagogical level, therefore, it should be considered unmarked,
meaning that no explication such as “informal polite” is required. However,
hapsyo-chey should be introduced as a speech style that may
be mixed with hayyo-chey, but also as the norm exclusively used
in some restricted formal and writing contexts. Other speech styles may be
explained in a similar manner in the KFL classroom.
Opportunities and Challenges of Community-based Eco-cultural Tourism Development: A Case of Gwirize Cultural Village in Malawi
Authors: Bello Felix G. , Lambulira Mathews 
Published: June 2023

Summary
The paradigm of community-based eco-cultural tourism has garnered recognition as a support system for sustainable tourism due to its ability to extend the benefits of tourism to rural and marginalized communities. This approach serves as a means to promote social and economic development and encourages local participation in tourism development. This case focuses on the impact, opportunities and challenges of community-based eco-cultural tourism at Gwirize Cultural Village in Malawi. The cultural village has had a positive impact on the community through the creation of a direct source of income, stimulation of local businesses, improvement of access to clean water, provision of entertainment and preservation of cultural heritage. However, the cultural village also faces numerous challenges, including lack of managerial and marketing expertise, inadequate skills to provide a diverse range of tourist services and lack of coordination with other tourism service providers in the district. It is recommended that capacity-building programmes be implemented to enhance local managerial skills and tourism services, and that management and operational frameworks be developed to guide communities involved in community-based eco-cultural tourism initiatives.

Information
© The Authors 2023
Using Bernoulli maps to accelerate mixing of a random walk on the torus
Authors: Iyer Gautam , Lu Ethan , Nolen James 
Published: June 2023

We study the mixing time of a random walk on the torus, alternated with a Lebesgue measure preserving Bernoulli map. Without the Bernoulli map, the mixing time of the random walk alone is

O
(
1

/

ε
2

)

O(1/\varepsilon ^2)

, where

ε
\varepsilon

is the step size. Our main results show that for a class of Bernoulli maps, when the random walk is alternated with the Bernoulli map

φ
\varphi

the mixing time becomes

O
(
|
ln
⁡
ε
|
)

O(\lvert \ln \varepsilon \rvert )

. We also study the dissipation time of this process, and obtain

O
(
|
ln
⁡
ε
|
)

O(\lvert \ln \varepsilon \rvert )

upper and lower bounds with explicit constants.
Stomatal development and orientation: a phylogenetic and ecophysiological perspective
Authors: Rudall Paula J 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Oriented patterning of epidermal cells is achieved primarily by transverse protodermal cell divisions perpendicular to the organ axis, followed by axial cell elongation. In linear leaves with parallel venation, most stomata are regularly aligned with the veins. This longitudinal patterning operates under a strong developmental constraint and has demonstrable physiological benefits, especially in grasses. However, transversely oriented stomata characterize a few groups, among both living angiosperms and extinct Mesozoic seed plants.

Scope
This review examines comparative and developmental data on stomatal patterning in a broad phylogenetic context, focusing on the evolutionary and ecophysiological significance of guard-cell orientation. It draws from a diverse range of literature to explore the pivotal roles of the plant growth hormone auxin in establishing polarity and chemical gradients that enable cellular differentiation.

Conclusions
Transverse stomata evolved iteratively in a few seed-plant groups during the Mesozoic era, especially among parasitic or xerophytic taxa, such as the hemiparasitic mistletoe genus Viscum and the xerophytic shrub Casuarina, indicating a possible link with ecological factors such as the Cretaceous CO2 decline and changing water availability. The discovery of this feature in some extinct seed-plant taxa known only from fossils could represent a useful phylogenetic marker.
Development of a novel fluorogenic assay method for screening inhibitors of bovine leukemia virus protease and identification of mitorubrinic acid as an anti-BLV compound
Authors: Murakami Hironobu , Fujikawa Yuuta , Mori Masaya , Mosu Nozomi , Taguchi Akihiro , Hayashi Yoshio , Inoue Hideshi , Kamisuki Shinji 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) causes enzootic bovine leukosis, a fatal cattle disease that leads to significant economic losses in the livestock industry. Currently, no effective BLV countermeasures exist, except testing and culling. In this study, we developed a high-throughput fluorogenic assay to evaluate the inhibitory activity of various compounds on BLV protease, an essential enzyme for viral replication. The developed assay method was used to screen a chemical library, and mitorubrinic acid was identified as a BLV protease inhibitor that exhibited stronger inhibitory activity than amprenavir. Additionally, the anti-BLV activity of both compounds was evaluated using a cell-based assay, and mitorubrinic acid was found to exhibit inhibitory activity without cytotoxicity. This study presents the first report of a natural inhibitor of BLV protease—mitorubrinic acid—a potential candidate for the development of anti-BLV drugs. The developed method can be used for high-throughput screening of large-scale chemical libraries.
The impact of resource allocation during the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiac surgical practice and patient outcomes: a systematic review
Authors: EL-Andari Ryaan , Fialka Nicholas M , Nagendran Jayan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has shaken the world and placed enormous strain on healthcare systems globally. In this systematic review, we investigate the effect of resource allocation on cardiac surgery programs and the impact on patients awaiting elective cardiac surgery.

METHODS
PubMed and Embase were systematically searched for articles published from 1 January 2019 to 30 August 2022. This systematic review included studies investigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on resource allocation and the subsequent influence on cardiac surgery outcomes. A total of 1676 abstracts and titles were reviewed and 20 studies were included in this review.

RESULTS
During the COVID-19 pandemic, resources were allocated away from elective cardiac surgery to help support the pandemic response. This resulted in increased wait times for elective patients, increased rates of urgent or emergent surgical intervention and increased rates of mortality or complications for patients awaiting or undergoing cardiac surgery during the pandemic.

CONCLUSIONS
While the finite resources available during the pandemic were often insufficient to meet the needs of all patients as well as the influx of new COVID-19 patients, resource allocation away from elective cardiac surgery resulted in prolonged wait times, more frequent urgent or emergent surgeries and negative impacts on patient outcomes. Understanding the impacts of delayed access to care with regards to urgency of care, increased morbidity and mortality and increased utilization of resources per indexed case needs to be considered to navigate through pandemics to minimize the lingering effects that continue to negatively impact patient outcomes.
Hierarchical modelling approach to estimate the abundance of data-limited cetacean species and its application to fishery-targeted and rarely seen delphinid species off Japan
Authors: Kanaji Y , Sasaki H , Hakamada T , Okamura H 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAn assessment of the abundances and their trends is urgently needed for the conservation and management of fishery-targeted and rarely seen cetacean species (FTCS and RSCS, respectively); however, such assessment is often challenging because of the paucity of available data. In particular, the number of sightings is smaller than the general requirement for the reliable estimation of a detection function, and the spatial coverage of many cetacean surveys is insufficient. To address these issues, we propose a Bayesian approach that uses the previous abundance estimation of the same species or a species with similar biological traits as prior information. Therefore, we obtained the latest abundance estimates for six FTCS and two RSCS. For FTCS, we also estimated abundance trends by fitting an exponential population dynamics model with random effects accounting for interannual changes in animal distributions to the posterior samples of the Bayesian abundance estimates. Our approach enables us to (1) facilitate stakeholders’ consensus by maintaining previously agreed abundances while updating the conservation information; (2) identify the species of greater concern and prioritize conservation efforts towards those species; and (3) monitor the abundance and trends of data-limited cetacean species.
The role of the radiologist in diagnosing placenta percreta: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Elharras Yahya , Choayb Safaa , Lrhorfi Najlae , Allali Nazik , Chat Latifa , Elhaddad Siham 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Placenta percreta is the most severe and least common form of placental insertion abnormalities. The increasing frequency of C-Section deliveries has led to more of these abnormalities. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have a key role in diagnosing these abnormal adherences since it shows best transmural extension of the placental tissue. We report a case of a woman with a previous cesarean delivery who had been diagnosed with a placenta preavia on ultrasound and a suspicion of transmural extension with her MRI later showing a placenta percreta.
Bivalves Present the Largest and Most Diversified Repertoire of Toll-Like Receptors in the Animal Kingdom, Suggesting Broad-Spectrum Pathogen Recognition in Marine Waters
Authors: Saco Amaro , Novoa Beatriz , Greco Samuele , Gerdol Marco , Figueras Antonio 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the most widespread class of membrane-bound innate immune receptors, responsible of specific pathogen recognition and production of immune effectors through the activation of intracellular signaling cascades. The repertoire of TLRs was analyzed in 85 metazoans, enriched on molluscan species, an underrepresented phylum in previous studies. Following an ancient evolutionary origin, suggested by the presence of TLR genes in Anthozoa (Cnidaria), these receptors underwent multiple independent gene family expansions, the most significant of which occurred in bivalve molluscs. Marine mussels (Mytilus spp.) had the largest TLR repertoire in the animal kingdom, with evidence of several lineage-specific expanded TLR subfamilies with different degrees of orthology conservation within bivalves. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that bivalve TLR repertoires were more diversified than their counterparts in deuterostomes or ecdysozoans. The complex evolutionary history of TLRs, characterized by lineage-specific expansions and losses, along with episodic positive selection acting on the extracellular recognition domains, suggests that functional diversification might be a leading evolutionary force. We analyzed a comprehensive transcriptomic data set from Mytilus galloprovincialis and built transcriptomic correlation clusters with the TLRs expressed in gills and in hemocytes. The implication of specific TLRs in different immune pathways was evidenced, as well as their specific modulation in response to different biotic and abiotic stimuli. We propose that, in a similar fashion to the remarkable functional specialization of vertebrate TLRs, the expansion of the TLR gene family in bivalves attends to a functional specification motivated by the biological particularities of these organisms and their living environment.
Not Quite Lost in Translation: Mistranslation Alters Adaptive Landscape Topography and the Dynamics of Evolution
Authors: Schmutzer Michael , Wagner Andreas 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Mistranslation—the erroneous incorporation of amino acids into nascent proteins—is a source of protein variation that is orders of magnitude more frequent than DNA mutation. Like other sources of nongenetic variation, it can affect adaptive evolution. We study the evolutionary consequences of mistranslation with experimental data on mistranslation rates applied to three empirical adaptive landscapes. We find that mistranslation generally flattens adaptive landscapes by reducing the fitness of high fitness genotypes and increasing that of low fitness genotypes, but it does not affect all genotypes equally. Most importantly, it increases genetic variation available to selection by rendering many neutral DNA mutations nonneutral. Mistranslation also renders some beneficial mutations deleterious and vice versa. It increases the probability of fixation of 3–8% of beneficial mutations. Even though mistranslation increases the incidence of epistasis, it also allows populations evolving on a rugged landscape to evolve modestly higher fitness. Our observations show that mistranslation is an important source of nongenetic variation that can affect adaptive evolution on fitness landscapes in multiple ways.
A HEAD-TO-HEAD COMPARISON OF PULSE TRANSIT TIME USING SECOND-DERIVATIVE AND INTERSECTING TANGENTS METHODS
Authors: Tairi Amira , Obeid Hasan , Khataei Sanam , Fortier Catherine , Agharazii Mohsen 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
Determination of aortic stiffness as measured by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (CFPWV) is based on pulse transit time (PTT). PTT is determined by identification of the foot of the pressure wave using either the peak of the second-derivative or the intersecting tangents algorithm. The aim of this study was to examine if there are any differences when these algorithms are performed on the same arterial pressure waveforms.

Design and method:
Carotid and femoral arterial pressure waveforms were simultaneously recorded using the piezoelectric sensors of the Complior Analyse system. Waveforms were extracted and imported into In-house software (MATLAB; MathWorks, Natick, Massachusetts, USA) to calculate the PTT only on valid pressure waveforms without artifacts that are due to movements.

Results:
In 105 human subjects (59 ± 18 years; 64% men) including a mix of 59% hypertensive, 34% with chronic kidney disease, 16% diabetic and 13% with cardiovascular disease, the average brachial blood pressure was 125 ± 18/73 ± 10 mmHg. A total of 6 203 pairs of simultaneous carotid and femoral arterial pressure waveforms were analysed. The PTT using the second-derivative algorithm was 68.4 ± 18.6 ms (CFPWV: 9.48 ± 3.18 m/s), similar to PTT using the intersecting tangents method that was 68.6 ± 18.8 (CFPWV: 9.45 ± 3.12). This difference while statistically significant given the high number of observation points (P < 0.001), is not considered to be clinically significant.

Conclusions:
Based on our findings, both algorithms perform similarly and can be used interchangeably when high quality acquisition are used. However, device-based algorithms may perform differently given variabilities in quality assessment criteria.
DASH VS. MEDITERRANEAN DIET ON A SALT RESTRICTION BACKGROUND IN ADULTS WITH HIGH NORMAL BLOOD PRESSURE OR GRADE 1 HYPERTENSION: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: Filippou Christina , Thomopoulos Costas , Konstantinidis Dimitrios , Siafi Eirini , Tatakis Fotis , Manta Eleni , Drogkaris Sotiris , Polyzos Dimitrios , Kyriazopoulos Konstantinos , Grigoriou Kalliopi , Tousoulis Dimitrios , Tsioufis Konstantinos 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
Non-pharmacological measures are recommended as the first-line treatment for individuals with high-normal blood pressure (BP) or mild hypertension. Studies directly comparing the BP effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) vs. the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on a salt restriction background are currently lacking. Thus, our purpose was to assess the BP effects of a 3-month intensive dietary intervention implementing salt restriction either alone or in the context of the DASH, and the MedDiet compared to no/ minimal intervention in adults with high normal BP or grade 1 hypertension.

Design and method:
We randomly assigned never drug-treated individuals to a control group (CG, n = 60), a salt restriction group (SRG, n = 60), a DASH diet with salt restriction group (DDG, n = 60), or a MedDiet with salt restriction group (MDG, n = 60). The primary outcome was the attained office systolic BP difference among the randomized arms at the end of the study.

Results:
A total of 240 patients were enrolled, while 204 (85%) completed the study. According to the intention-to-treat analysis, compared to the CG, office and 24h ambulatory systolic and diastolic BP were reduced in all intervention groups. A greater reduction in the mean office systolic BP was observed in the MDG compared to all other study groups (MDG vs. CG: mean difference = -15.1 mm Hg; MDG vs. SRG: mean difference = -7.5 mm Hg, and MDG vs. DDG: mean difference = -3.2 mm Hg, all P-values < 0.001). The DDG and the MDG did not differ concerning the office diastolic BP and the 24h ambulatory systolic and diastolic BP; however, both diets were more efficient in BP-lowering compared to the SRG.

Conclusions:
On a background of salt restriction, the MedDiet was superior in office systolic BP-lowering, but the DASH and MedDiet reduced BP to an extent higher than salt restriction alone.
Registration number: NCT05669404