bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pilot study: Application of paired ultrasound simulator training in obstetrics
Authors: Kegel Samantha , Elsamadicy Emad , Seger Lindsey , Ahmed Amiya A. , Makar Erica , Turan Ozhan , Turan Sifa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveMedical trainees in obstetrics must develop competency in fetal ultrasonography. To date, no studies have utilized ultrasound simulator training for basic fetal anatomy with paired didactic coursework. We hypothesize that ultrasound simulator training with paired didactics improves medical trainee competency in fetal ultrasonography.MethodsA prospective observational study was performed at a tertiary care center during the 2021–2022 academic year. Medical trainees in obstetrics without prior simulator experience could participate. Participants completed ultrasound simulator training with standardized paired didactics and subsequent real‐time patient scanning. All images were reviewed by the same physician for competency. Trainees completed 11‐point Likert scale surveys at three time points: pre‐simulator, post‐simulator, and post‐real‐time patient scanning. Two‐tailed student's t‐tests with 95% confidence intervals were performed, and p‐values <0.05 were considered significant.ResultsOf the 26 trainees that completed the training, 96% reported that simulation positively impacted their confidence and ability to perform real‐time scanning of patients. Self‐reported knowledge of fetal anatomy, ultrasound techniques, and application to clinical obstetrics all significantly increased after simulator training (p < 0.01).ConclusionsPaired ultrasound simulation with didactic instruction significantly improves medical trainees' knowledge of fetal anatomy and ability to perform fetal ultrasonography. Implementing an ultrasound simulation curriculum may become an essential tool for obstetric residency programs.
Person‐centered analyses in quantitative studies about broadening participation for Black engineering and computer science students
Authors: Reeping David , Lee Walter , London Jeremi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere have been calls to shift how engineering education researchers investigate the experiences of engineering students from racially minoritized groups. These conversations have primarily involved qualitative researchers, but an echo of equal magnitude from quantitative inquiry has been largely absent.PurposeThis paper examines the data analysis practices used in quantitative engineering education research related to broadening participation. We highlight practical issues and promising practices focused on “racial difference” during analysis.Scope/MethodWe conducted a systematic literature review of methods employed by quantitative studies related to Black students participating in engineering and computer science at the undergraduate level. Person‐centered analyses and variable‐centered analyses, coined by Jack Block, were used as our categorization framework, backdropped with the principles of QuantCrit.ResultsForty‐nine studies qualified for review. Although each article involved some variable‐centered analysis, we found strategies authors used that aligned and did not align with person‐centered analyses, including forming groups based on participant attitudes and using race as a variable, respectively. We highlight person‐centered approaches as a tangible step for authors to engage meaningfully with QuantCrit in their data analysis decision‐making.ConclusionsOur findings highlight four areas of consideration for advancing quantitative data analysis in engineering education: operationalizing race and racism, sample sizes and data binning, claims with race as a variable, and promoting descriptive studies. We contend that engaging in deeper thought with these four areas in quantitative inquiry can help researchers engage with the difficult choices inherent to quantitative analyses.
Against unifying homology concepts: Redirecting the debate
Authors: Gouvêa Devin Y. , Brigandt Ingo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe term “homology” is persistently polysemous, defying the expectation that extensive scientific research should yield semantic stability. A common response has been to seek a unification of various prominent definitions. This paper proposes an alternative strategy, based on the insight that scientific concepts function as tools for research: When analyzing various conceptualizations of homology, we should preserve those distinguishing features that support particular research goals. We illustrate the fruitfulness of our strategy by application to two cases. First, we revisit Lankester's celebrated evolutionary reappraisal of homology and argue that his analysis has been distorted by assimilation to modern agendas. His “homogeny” does not mean the same thing as modern evolutionary “homology,” and his “homoplasy” is no mere antonym. Instead, Lankester uses both new terms to pose a question that remains strikingly relevant—how do mechanistic and historical causes of morphological resemblance interact? Second, we examine the puzzle of avian digit homology, which exemplifies disciplinary differences in homology conceptualization and assessment. Recent progress has been fueled by the development of new tools within the relevant disciplines (paleontology and developmental biology) and especially by increasing interdisciplinary cooperation. Conceptual unification has played very little role in this work, which instead seeks concrete evolutionary scenarios that integrate all the available evidence. Together these cases indicate the complex relationship between concepts and other tools in homology research.
Blood Oxygen Level‐Dependent MR Imaging of Lower Extremities in Peripheral Artery Disease and Its Correlation With Walking Performance
Authors: Yu Xiaoxi , Liu Zhaoxi , Shao Jiang , Qu Jianxun , Lai Zhichao , Yuan Ling , Ma Jiangyu , Fan Xiaoyuan , Ye Luming , Li Kang , Zhang Yan , Wang Fengdan , Liu Bao , Jin Zhengyu , Feng Feng 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundA noninvasive and reliable approach to quantitatively measure muscle perfusion of lower extremity is needed to aid the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral artery disease (PAD).PurposeTo verify the reproductivity of using blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) imaging to evaluate perfusion in lower extremities, and explore its correlation with walking performance in patients with PAD.Study TypeProspective observational study.SubjectsSeventeen patients with lower extremity PAD (mean age: 67 ± 6 years, 15 males) and eight older adults (controls).Field Strength/SequenceDynamic multi‐echo gradient echo T2* weighted imaging at 3T.AssessmentPerfusion was analyzed in regions of interest according to muscle groups. Perfusion parameters were measured, such as minimum ischemia value (MIV), time to peak (TTP), and gradient during reactive hyperemia (Grad) by two independent users. Walking performance experiments including short physical performance battery (SPPB) and 6‐minute walk were tested in patients.Statistical TestsBOLD parameters were compared using Mann–Whitney U test and Kruskal–Wallis test. Relations between parameters and walking performance were assessed by Mann–Whitney U test and Spearman's correlation coefficient.ResultsGood to perfect agreement was demonstrated for all perfusion parameters of interuser reproducibility, and the interscan reproducibility of MIV, TTP, and Grad was good. The TTP of the patients was longer than that of the controls (87.85 ± 38.85 s vs. 36.54 ± 7.27 s), while the Grad of patients was smaller (0.16 ± 0.12 msec/s vs. 0.24 ± 0.11 msec/s). Among PAD patients, the MIV was significantly lower in the low SPPB subgroup (score 6–8) than in the high SPPB group (score 9–12), and the TTP was negatively correlated with 6‐minute walk distance (ρ = −0.549).Data ConclusionBOLD imaging method had overall good reproducibility for the perfusion assessment of calf muscles. The perfusion parameters were different between PAD patients and controls, and were correlated with lower extremity function.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 2
Low anterior resection syndrome
Authors: Hernandez Matthew C. , Wong Paul , Melstrom Kurt 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLow anterior resection syndrome represents a clinical state wherein a constellation of gastrointestinal symptoms is a direct result of anatomic changes to the rectum. Patients who undergo operations to create a neorectum often develop persistent symptoms of increased frequency, urgency, diarrhea, and these symptoms are debilitating and impact patients' quality of life. A stepwise approach to treatment can improve many patients' symptoms with the most invasive options reserved for highly refractory symptoms.
Colorectal cancer screening: A review of current screening options, timing, and guidelines
Authors: Williams J. Ryan , Ayscue Jennifer M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractScreening for colon and rectal cancer has been associated with reduced incidence over the past few decades. However, shown a paradoxical increase in colon and rectal cancer in those younger than 50 years has also been recently shown. This information, along with the introduction of new screening modalities, has lead to updates in the current recommendations. We present some of the data supporting the use of current screening modalities, as well as summarize current guidelines.
Neoadjuvant immunotherapy in microsatellite unstable colorectal cancer: Are we in the era of nonoperative management?
Authors: Khalil Miriam , Abbass Mohammad Ali 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMicrosatellite unstable (MSI‐H) colorectal cancers (CRC) are the hallmark of Lynch Syndrome. Advances in immunotherapy have yielded a change in the treatment of those cancers. Recent publications about neoadjuvant immunotherapy in CRC are triggering a high interest to use under the umbrella of achieving a complete clinical response. Although we do not know the extent of this response over time, avoiding surgical morbidity seems to be on the horizon for this subset of CRC.
Papular interstitial elastolytic giant cell granuloma concomitant with lichen amyloidosus in a type II diabetes patient
Authors: Hiwatashi‐Okuda Saki , Asano Yoshihide , Fujimura Taku 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe papular variant of elastolytic giant cell granuloma (EGCG) is a rare variant of EGCG, and it is occasionally associated with metabolic comorbidities, including diabetes mellitus (DM). Although the mechanisms of developing EGCG are still unknown, one of the possible mechanisms for ECGC developing in a DM patient might be explained by hyperglycaemia‐induced inflammation. In this report, we described a case of papular interstitial EGCG mainly composed of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐9 bearing cells, concomitant with lichen amyloidosus in a type II DM patient.
A method of obtaining the anisotropic complex moduli of carbon fibers by fitting
Authors: Guan Chengyu , Tang Zi‐Jia , Zhao Fei , Yang Zhiyong , Li Huimin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA novel fitting method of obtaining the anisotropic complex moduli of fibers based on the complex moduli of matrix and composites is presented. The complex longitudinal, transverse and in‐plane shear moduli of the unidirectional T700 carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite and the complex modulus of its matrix are measured using dynamic mechanical analysis. The predicted properties of the composite are calculated using the generalized method of cells (GMC). The complex axial, transverse and axial shear moduli of the carbon fibers are obtained by minimizing the sum of the squares of the modules of the difference between the test properties and predicted properties. Finally, the results of the experiment, finite element analysis, and GMC are compared. The results show that the complex axial and transverse moduli of the carbon fibers can be accurately evaluated, while the complex axial shear modulus cannot be accurately determined.
Structure and function of a hexameric cyanophycin synthetase 2
Authors: Markus Linda M. D. , Sharon Itai , Munro Kim , Grogg Marcel , Hilvert Donald , Strauss Mike , Schmeing T. Martin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCyanophycin is a natural polymer composed of a poly‐aspartate backbone with arginine attached to each of the aspartate sidechains. Produced by a wide range of bacteria, which mainly use it as a store of fixed nitrogen, it has many promising industrial applications. Cyanophycin can be synthesized from the amino acids Asp and Arg by the widespread cyanophycin synthetase 1 (CphA1), or from the dipeptide β‐Asp‐Arg by the cyanobacterial enzyme cyanophycin synthetase 2 (CphA2). CphA2 enzymes display a range of oligomeric states, from dimers to dodecamers. Recently, the crystal structure of a CphA2 dimer was solved but could not be obtained in complex with substrate. Here, we report cryo‐EM structures of the hexameric CphA2 from Stanieria sp. at ~2.8 Å resolution, both with and without ATP analog and cyanophycin. The structures show a two‐fold symmetrical, trimer‐of‐dimers hexameric architecture, and substrate‐binding interactions that are similar to those of CphA1. Mutagenesis experiments demonstrate the importance of several conserved substrate‐binding residues. We also find that a Q416A/R528G double mutation prevents hexamer formation and use this double mutant to show that hexamerization augments the rate of cyanophycin synthesis. Together, these results increase our mechanistic understanding of how an interesting green polymer is biosynthesized.
The interpretability of the activity signal detection model for wood‐boring pests Semanotus bifasciatus in the larval stage
Authors: Liu Xuanxin , Chen Zhibo , Zhang Haiyan , Li Juhu , Jiang Qi , Ren Lili , Luo Youqing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe acoustic detection model of activity signals based on deep learning could detect wood‐boring pests accurately and reliably. However, the black‐box characteristics of the deep learning model have limited the credibility of the results and hindered its application. Aiming to address the reliability and interpretability of the model, this paper designed an active interpretable model called Dynamic Acoustic Larvae Prototype Network (DalPNet), which used the prototype to assist model decisions and achieve more flexible model explanation through dynamic feature patch computation.ResultsIn the experiments, the average recognition accuracy of the DalPNet on the simple test set and anti‐noise test set for Semanotus bifasciatus larval activity signals reached 99.3% and 98.5%, respectively. The quantitative evaluation of interpretability was measured by the relative area under the curve (RAUC) and the cumulative slope (CS) of the accuracy change curve in this paper. In the experiments, the RAUC and the CS of DalPNet were 0.2923 and −2.0105, respectively. Additionally, according to the visualization results, the explanation results of DalPNet were more accurate in locating the bite pulses of the larvae and could better focus on multiple bite pulses in one signal, which showed better performance compared to the baseline model.ConclusionThe experimental results demonstrated that the proposed DalPNet had better explanation while ensuring recognition accuracy. In view of that, it could improve the trust of forestry custodians in the activity signals detection model and aid in the practical application of the model in the forestry field. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Development of a population pharmacokinetic model to characterize the pharmacokinetics of intrathecally administered tominersen in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma
Authors: Yamamoto Yumi , Sanwald Ducray Patricia , Björnsson Marcus , Smart Kevin , Grimsey Paul , Vatakuti Suresh , Portron Agnes , Massonnet Benoit , Norris Daniel A. , Silber Baumann Hanna E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTominersen is an intrathecally administered antisense oligonucleotide targeting huntingtin mRNA which leads to a dose‐dependent, reversible lowering of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) mutant huntingtin protein concentration in individuals with Huntington's disease. Nonlinear mixed‐effect population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) modeling was conducted to characterize the CSF and plasma pharmacokinetics (PK) of tominersen, and to identify and quantify the covariates that affect tominersen PKs. A total of 750 participants from five clinical studies with a dose range from 10 to 120 mg contributed CSF (n = 6302) and plasma (n = 5454) PK samples. CSF PK was adequately described by a three‐compartment model with first‐order transfer from CSF to plasma. Plasma PK was adequately described by a three‐compartment model with first‐order elimination from plasma. Baseline total CSF protein, age, and antidrug antibodies (ADAs) were the significant covariates for CSF clearance. Body weight was a significant covariate for clearances and volumes in plasma. ADAs and sex were significant covariates for plasma clearance. The developed PopPK model was able to describe tominersen PK in plasma and CSF after intrathecal administration across a range of dose levels, and relevant covariate relationships were identified. This model has been applied to guide dose selection for future clinical trials of tominersen in patients with Huntington's disease.
Fabrication of an Electrochemical Sensor Based on Silver Nanoparticles Stabilized by Phoenix dactylifera Seed Oils for the Determination of Ornidazole in Milk Samples
Authors: Ettadili Fatima Ez‐zahra , Chhaibi Bilal , Ouatmane Fatima Zahra , Alaoui Ouafa Tahiri , Laghrib Fathellah , Farahi Abdelfettah , Bakasse Mina , Lahrich Sara , EL Mhammedi Moulay Abderrahim 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this study, silver nanoparticles (Ag‐NPs) were synthesized using AgNO3 through a simple route using bio‐oil obtained from flash pyrolysis of Phoenix dactylifera seed powder as reducing as well as capping agent. The acquired bio‐oil was characterized by FT‐IR and GC–mass spectrometry. Besides, the main objective of this study is to construct a highly sensitive sensor to detect ornidazole (ODZ) in real samples. The sensor was elaborated by using carbon paste electrode modified with the synthesized Ag‐NPs (Ag‐NPs /CPE). The synthesized Ag‐NPs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and UV‐Visible (UV‐vis). The resulting sensor demonstrates a significant shift in ODZ reduction peak toward more positive potential (−0.257 V .vs Ag/AgCl) compared to the unmodified CPE (−0.561 V .vs Ag/AgCl). The ODZ peak reduction current Ipc varies linearly with ODZ concentration in the range of 8.0×10−6 to 1.0×10−3 mol L−1 with a detection limit of 9.76×10−7 mol L−1. The proposed method has been successfully used to determine ODZ in milk sample with satisfactory results.
Spontaneous Internal Electric Field in Heterojunction Boosts Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysts for Zinc–Air Batteries: Theory, Experiment, and Application
Authors: Yao Yong , Wu Jiexing , Feng Qiaoxia , Zeng Kui , Wan Jing , Zhang Jincan , Mao Boyang , Hu Kui , Chen Liming , Zhang Hao , Gong Yi , Yang Kai , Zhou Haihui , Huang Zhongyuan , Li Huanxin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHeterojunctions are a promising class of materials for high‐efficiency bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts in both oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, the conventional theories fail to explain why many catalysts behave differently in ORR and OER, despite a reversible path (*O2⇋*OOH⇋*O⇋*OH). This study proposes the electron‐/hole‐rich catalytic center theory (e/h‐CCT) to supplement the existing theories, it suggests that the Fermi level of catalysts determines the direction of electron transfer, which affects the direction of the oxidation/reduction reaction, and the density of states (DOS) near the Fermi level determines the accessibility for injecting electrons and holes. Additionally, heterojunctions with different Fermi levels form electron‐/hole‐rich catalytic centers near the Fermi levels to promote ORR/OER, respectively. To verify the universality of the e/h‐CCT theory, this study reveals the randomly synthesized heterostructural Fe3N‐FeN0.0324 (FexN@PC with DFT calculations and electrochemical tests. The results show that the heterostructural F3N‐FeN0.0324 facilitates the catalytic activities for ORR and OER simultaneously by forming an internal electron‐/hole‐rich interface. The rechargeable ZABs with FexN@PC cathode display a high open circuit potential of 1.504 V, high power density of 223.67 mW cm−2, high specific capacity of 766.20 mAh g−1 at 5 mA cm−2, and excellent stability for over 300 h.
A Stretchable Solid Ionic Electrode‐Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Biomechanical Energy Harvesting and Self‐Powered Sensors
Authors: Bo Xiangkun , Wang Lingyun , Zhao Hong , Almardi Jasim M. , Li Weilu , Daoud Walid A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractStretchable power devices and self‐powered sensors have become increasingly desired for wearable electronics and artificial intelligence. In this study, an all‐solid‐state triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is reported, whose one solid‐state structure prevents delamination during stretch and release cycles and increasing the patch adhesive force (3.5 N) and strain (586% elongation at break). Through the synergetic virtues of stretchability, ionic conductivity, and excellent adhesion to the tribo‐layer, reproducible open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 84 V, charge (QSC) of 27.5 nC, and short‐circuit current (ISC) of 3.1 µA after drying at 60°C or 20,000 contact‐separation cycles are obtained. Apart from contact‐separation, this device shows unprecedented electricity generation through stretch–release of solid materials leading to a linear relationship between VOC and strain. For the first time, this work provides a clear explanation of the working mechanism of contact‐free stretching–releasing and investigates the relationships of exerted force, strain, thickness of the device, and electric output. Benefitting from the one solid‐state structure, this contact‐free device remains stable even after repeated stretch–release cycling, maintaining 100% of its VOC after 2500 stretch–release cycles. These findings provide a strategy toward highly conductive and stretchable electrodes for harvesting mechanical energy and health monitoring.
Regulating the solvation sheath of zinc ions by supramolecular coordination chemistry toward ultrastable zinc anodes
Authors: Zhang Guoqun , Chen Yuan , Fu Lulu , Zheng Lifeng , Fan Kun , Zhang Chenyang , Zou Jincheng , Dai Huichao , Guan Linnan , Cao Yueyue , Mao Minglei , Ma Jing , Wang Chengliang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have attracted extensive interest for the next‐generation batteries, which, however, are facing great challenges due to the poor reversibility of zinc (Zn) anodes and side reactions of water decomposition. Herein, we demonstrated a strategy that the solvation sheath of Zn ions could be facilely regulated by supramolecular coordination chemistry by adding small amounts of cyclodextrins (CDs) and, hence, inhibited the side reactions and side products, widened the electrochemical window, facilitated the homogenous deposition of Zn ions, refined the Zn grains, and enhanced the stability of Zn anodes. Importantly, we demonstrated that compared with α‐ and β‐CD, the γ‐CD showed the best regulation effect of the solvation sheath of Zn ions either at the same molar ratio or at the same mass concentration, which could be ascribed to their difference in supramolecular coordination chemistry and the strongest interaction of γ‐CD with Zn ions. As a result, with γ‐CD, the Zn//Zn symmetric cells showed ultrahigh stability with a cycling lifespan of over 2400 h at a current density of 1 mA/cm2. These results highlight the regulation of solvation sheath by supramolecular coordination chemistry for highly stable Zn anodes and pave a new way to realize high‐performance ZIBs.