bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Where less is more: Limited feedback in formative online multiple‐choice tests improves student self‐regulation
Authors: Say Richard , Visentin Denis , Saunders Annette , Atherton Iain , Carr Andrea , King Carolyn 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundFormative online multiple‐choice tests are ubiquitous in higher education and potentially powerful learning tools. However, commonly used feedback approaches in online multiple‐choice tests can discourage meaningful engagement and enable strategies, such as trial‐and‐error, that circumvent intended learning outcomes. These strategies will not prepare graduates as self‐regulated learners, nor for the complexities of contemporary work settings.ObjectivesTo investigate whether providing only a score after formative online multiple‐choice test attempts (score‐only feedback) increases the likelihood of students to engage in self‐regulated learning compared with more directive feedback. Measurable outcomes included deeper learning, collaboration, information seeking, and satisfaction.MethodsData in this mixed methods study were collected from nursing students through surveys, test results, focus groups, and student discussion board contributions. A quasi‐experimental design was used for quantitative data, and qualitative data were analysed thematically against domains of self‐regulated learning.Results and ConclusionsStudents receiving score‐only feedback were more cognitively engaged with the content, collaborated constructively, and sought out richer sources of information. However, it was also associated with lower satisfaction. In this study, minimal feedback created states of uncertainty, which resulted in the activation of self‐regulatory actions.Implications for PracticeProviding overly directive feedback for formative online multiple‐choice tests is conducive to surface‐level learning strategies. By minimising feedback and allowing for extended states of uncertainty, students are more likely to regulate their learning through self‐assessment and problem‐solving strategies, all of which are required by graduates to meet the challenges of real‐world work settings.
Sialic acid biosynthesis pathway blockade disturbs neuronal network formation in human iPSC‐derived excitatory neurons
Authors: Mijdam Rachel , Bijnagte‐Schoenmaker Chantal , Dyke Emma , Moons Sam J. , Boltje Thomas J. , Nadif Kasri Nael , Lefeber Dirk J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractN‐acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid) is present in large quantities in the brain and plays a crucial role in brain development, learning, and memory formation. How sialic acid contributes to brain development is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of reduced sialylation on network formation in human iPSC‐derived neurons (iNeurons). Using targeted mass spectrometry and antibody binding, we observed an increase in free sialic acid and polysialic acid during neuronal development, which was disrupted by treatment of iNeurons with a synthetic inhibitor of sialic acid biosynthesis. Sialic acid inhibition disturbed synapse formation and network formation on microelectrode array (MEA), showing short but frequent (network) bursts and an overall lower firing rate, and higher percentage of random spikes. This study shows that sialic acid is necessary for neuronal network formation during human neuronal development and provides a physiologically relevant model to study the role of sialic acid in patient‐derived iNeurons.image
The efficacy of the combination of topical minoxidil and oral spironolactone compared with the combination of topical minoxidil and oral finasteride in women with androgenic alopecia, female and male hair loss patterns: A blinded randomized clinical trial
Authors: Sadeghzadeh Bazargan Afsaneh , Tavana Zeynab , Dehghani Abbas , Jafarzadeh Alireza , Tabavar Anahita , Alavi Rad Ehsan , Goodarzi Azadeh 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionAndrogenic alopecia (AGA) is the most common cause of hair loss in women, affecting their quality of life. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the combined effect of topical minoxidil and oral spironolactone with the combined effect of topical minoxidil and oral finasteride in women with AGA, female and male hair loss patterns.MethodThis clinical study was performed on 60 women suffering from AGA. The patients were divided into two groups receiving spironolactone 100 mg/day and finasteride 5 mg/day. In addition, a 2% minoxidil solution was used in all patients in addition to treatment with finasteride or spironolactone. At 2 months after initiation and at the end of treatment, patients were evaluated using the Ludwig/Norwood–Hamilton scale and the degree of physician and patient satisfaction.ResultsAfter 2 months, hair density, hair thickness, and hair loss had improved in both groups; however, statistically, there was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to these parameters (p > 0.05). After 4 months, a significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of treatment response (physician satisfaction), hair density, and hair loss severity. So that, the drugs used were ineffective in 6.7% of cases in the minoxidil‐spironolactone group and in 16.7% of cases in the minoxidil‐finasteride group. In addition, 43.3% of cases in the minoxidil‐spironolactone group and 53% in the minoxidil‐finasteride group responded well to treatment. The treatment effect was excellent in 56.7% and 0% of the mentioned groups, respectively, and the mentioned difference was statistically significant (p: 0.01). The response to treatment in female pattern hair loss (FPHL) was not statistically significant (p: 0.52), but there was a significant difference in the response to both treatments in male pattern hair loss (MPHL; p: 0.007). In terms of patient satisfaction, minoxidil‐spironolactone treatment was significantly better than minoxidil‐finasteride regarding hair density and severity of hair loss (p: 0.01). Finally, in terms of treatment complications, the patients in two groups did not have any serious adverse effects.ConclusionThe combination of minoxidil and spironolactone could be considered a more effective treatment than the combination of minoxidil and finasteride in women with AGA, FPHL, and MPHL.
Religious Service Attendance and Religious and Secular Organizational Engagement in the United Kingdom
Authors: Son Joonmo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe study uses nationally representative data to examine whether the moral freighting Putnam and Campbell (2010) propose, based on American experiences, may apply to overall British society. Specifically, it tests whether religious service attendance increases religious or secular organizational activities, possibly due to moral freighting that encourages religious congregants to practice their faith, transcending ego boundaries and self‐interest. It is also necessary to determine if engagement in religious or secular organizational activities elevates the degree of religious service attendance, thus forming a bidirectional association. The study employs the maximum likelihood‐structural equation modeling (ML‐SEM) method to verify the proposed reciprocity. The empirical tests confirm that a synergistic reciprocal relationship is established between religious service attendance and religious organizational engagement, and that religious service attendance increases secular organizational engagement. However, secular organizational engagement does not make a bidirectional contribution to religious service attendance.
Diagnostic and prognostic performance of the SAFE score in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Li Guanlin , Lin Huapeng , Sripongpun Pimsiri , Liang Lilian Y. , Zhang Xinrong , Wong Vincent W.S. , Wong Grace L.H. , Kim W. Ray , Yip Terry C.F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground & AimsThe steatosis‐associated fibrosis estimator (SAFE) score was developed to detect clinically significant liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD in the United States. We compare the performance of the SAFE score and other non‐invasive tests to diagnose liver fibrosis and to correlate the scores with liver‐related outcomes in patients with NAFLD in Hong Kong.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study involving two data sets. The first cohort was a biopsy cohort of NAFLD patients (n = 279), and the second was a territory‐wide cohort of NAFLD patients (n = 4603) retrieved from a territory‐wide electronic healthcare database in Hong Kong.ResultsIn detecting significant fibrosis, liver stiffness measured by transient elastography had the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) (.844), followed by SAFE score (.773). SAFE score had the highest AUROC among blood‐based algorithms (.773 vs. .746 for FIB‐4, .697 for APRI). Based on cut‐off values of SAFE score (0 and 100 points), 854 (18.6%), 1596 (34.6%) and 2153 (46.8%) were in the low‐, intermediate‐ and high‐risk groups, respectively, in the territory‐wide cohort. Six (.7%), 15 (.9%) and 59 (2.7%) developed liver‐related events in those three groups respectively. Among patients who had liver‐related events at 5 years, using the high cut‐off, SAFE score could predict 84.9% of patients accurately, compared to 40.9% for FIB‐4 and 27.2% for APRI.ConclusionThe SAFE score performed well and better than other blood‐based markers in diagnosing significant fibrosis and predicting liver‐related events in Asian patients with NAFLD.
Spermine deficiency shifts the balance between jasmonic acid and salicylic acid‐mediated defence responses in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhang Chi , Atanasov Kostadin E. , Murillo Ester , Vives‐Peris Vicente , Zhao Jiaqi , Deng Cuiyun , Gómez‐Cadenas Aurelio , Alcázar Rubén 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPolyamines are small aliphatic polycations present in all living organisms. In plants, the most abundant polyamines are putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm). Polyamine levels change in response to different pathogens, including Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000). However, the regulation of polyamine metabolism and their specific contributions to defence are not fully understood. Here we report that stimulation of Put biosynthesis by Pst DC3000 is dependent on coronatine (COR) perception and jasmonic acid (JA) signalling, independently of salicylic acid (SA). Conversely, lack of Spm in spermine synthase (spms) mutant stimulated galactolipids and JA biosynthesis, and JA signalling under basal conditions and during Pst DC3000 infection, whereas compromised SA‐pathway activation and defence outputs through SA–JA antagonism. The dampening of SA responses correlated with COR and Pst DC3000‐inducible deregulation of ANAC019 expression and its key SA‐metabolism gene targets. Spm deficiency also led to enhanced disease resistance to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea and stimulated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signalling in response to Pst DC3000. Overall, our findings provide evidence for the integration of polyamine metabolism in JA‐ and SA‐mediated defence responses, as well as the participation of Spm in buffering ER stress during defence.
Relationships between xylem embolism and tree functioning during drought, recovery, and recurring drought in Aleppo pine
Authors: Wagner Yael , Volkov Mila , Nadal‐Sala Daniel , Ruehr Nadine Katrin , Hochberg Uri , Klein Tamir 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRecent findings suggest that trees can survive high levels of drought‐induced xylem embolism. In many cases, the embolism is irreversible and, therefore, can potentially affect post‐drought recovery and tree function under recurring droughts. We examined the development of embolism in potted Aleppo pines, a common species in hot, dry Mediterranean habitats. We asked (1) how post‐drought recovery is affected by different levels of embolism and (2) what consequences this drought‐induced damage has under a recurring drought scenario. Young trees were dehydrated to target water potential (Ψx) values of −3.5, −5.2 and −9.5 MPa (which corresponded to ~6%, ~41% and ~76% embolism), and recovery of the surviving trees was measured over an 8‐months period (i.e., embolism, leaf gas‐exchange, Ψx). An additional group of trees was exposed to Ψx of −6.0 MPa, either with or without preceding drought (Ψx of −5.2 MPa) to test the effect of hydraulic damage during repeated drought. Trees that reached −9.5 MPa died, but none from the other groups. Embolism levels in dying trees were on average 76% of conductive xylem and no tree was dying below 62% embolism. Stomatal recovery was negatively proportional to the level of hydraulic damage sustained during drought, for at least a month after drought relief. Trees that experienced drought for the second time took longer to reach fatal Ψx levels than first‐time dehydrating trees. Decreased stomatal conductance following drought can be seen as “drought legacy,” impeding recovery of tree functioning, but also as a safety mechanism during a consecutive drought.
Rhizobacteria‐enhanced drought tolerance and post‐drought recovery of creeping bentgrass involving differential modulation of leaf and root metabolism
Authors: Errickson William , Huang Bingru 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRhizobacteria that produce 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase (ACCd) that inhibits ethylene production may mitigate stress damages. The objectives of this study were to examine whether a novel strain of ACCd‐producing bacteria, Paraburkholderia aspalathi “WSF23,” promotes plant tolerance to drought stress and post‐stress recovery and determine changes in metabolic profiles in leaves and roots associated with the positive ACCd‐bacteria effects in cool‐season perennial grass species. Creeping bentgrass (Agrostis Stolonifera L. cv. “Penncross”) plants were inoculated with P. aspalathi “WSF23” and exposed to drought by withholding irrigation for 35 days, followed by re‐watering for 15 days in growth chambers. Inoculated plants demonstrated increased turf quality, canopy density, and root growth during drought stress and more rapid re‐growth upon re‐watering. Metabolomic analysis demonstrated that inoculation with P. aspalathi “WSF 23” increased the content of metabolites in the metabolic pathways related to stress defense, including osmoregulation, cell wall stability, and antioxidant protection in both leaves and roots, as well as nitrogen metabolism in roots of creeping bentgrass exposed to drought stress. The promotion of post‐stress recovery by P. aspalathi “WSF 23” was mainly associated with enhanced carbohydrate and pyrimidine metabolism and zeatin biosynthesis pathways in leaves and increased carbohydrates, biosynthesis of DNA and proteins, cellular metabolism, and TCA cycle activity in roots. These results provide insights into the metabolic pathways regulated by “WSF23,” with the PGPR conferring improvements in drought stress tolerance and post‐drought recovery in a perennial grass species.
Continuous positive airway pressure versus high‐flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Nagata Kazuma , Yokoyama Toshiki , Tsugitomi Ryosuke , Nakashima Harunori , Kuraishi Hiroshi , Ohshimo Shinichiro , Mori Yoshihiro , Sakuraya Masaaki , Kagami Ryogo , Tanigawa Motoaki , Tobino Kazunori , Kamo Tetsuro , Kadowaki Toru , Koga Yasutaka , Ogata Yoshitaka , Nishimura Naoki , Kondoh Yasuhiro , Taniuchi Satsuki , Shintani Ayumi , Tomii Keisuke ,   the JaNP‐Hi Study Investigators
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThe relative effectiveness of initial non‐invasive respiratory strategies for acute respiratory failure using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or high‐flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is unclear.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter, open‐label, parallel‐group randomized controlled trial to compare the efficacy of CPAP and HFNC on reducing the risk of meeting the prespecified criteria for intubation and improving clinical outcomes of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. The primary endpoint was the time taken to meet the prespecified criteria for intubation within 28 days.ResultsEighty‐five patients were randomly assigned to the CPAP or HFNC group. Eleven (28.9%) in the CPAP group and twenty (42.6%) in the HFNC group met the criteria for intubation within 28 days. Compared with HFNC, CPAP reduced the risk of meeting the intubation criteria (hazard ratio [HR], 0.327; 95% CI, 0.148–0.724; p = 0.006). There were no significant between‐group differences in the intubation rates, in‐hospital and 28‐day mortality rates, ventilator‐free days, duration of the need for respiratory support, or duration of hospitalization for respiratory illness. Pulmonary oxygenation was significantly better in the CPAP group, with significantly lower pH and higher partial pressure of carbon dioxide, but there were no differences in the respiratory rate between groups. CPAP and HFNC were associated with few possibly causal adverse events.ConclusionCPAP is more effective than HFNC at reducing the risk of meeting the intubation criteria in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure.
Pollution haven or pollution halo? The role of global value chains in Belt and Road economies
Authors: Ali Muhammad Uzair , Wang Ying 
Published: August 2023

Abstract“Global value chains” (GVCs) participation brings countless economic and environmental benefits to “Belt and Road Initiative” (BRI) economies. As the nations associated with BRI are crucial members of GVCs, analyzing the influence of GVCs on environmental quality in BRI economies is of great significance. By joining regression models with “multi‐region input–output” analyses, current study inspects the influence of GVCs on environmental quality in 82 BRI economies from 2002 to 2018. This study considered different GVCs participation modes and national heterogeneity to check “pollution haven hypothesis and pollution halo hypothesis” theories. The GVC position worsened environmental quality in the full BRI panel and validated the pollution haven hypothesis theory. Forward and backward participation improves environmental quality and confirms the pollution halo hypothesis. Moreover, income‐specific outcomes showed divergent patterns related to GVCs and environmental quality. GVCs' position of GVCs promotes the environmental quality of developed and emerging countries and exacerbates that of developing and underdeveloped economies. Moreover, the links of forward and backward participation with environmental quality showed mixed results for the pollution haven and halo theories in all subpanels. The results propose that the BRI should focus on upgrading GVCs and adopting region‐specific green policies to ensure a sustainable environment.
Heat Transfer Improvement of Prismatic Lithium-Ion Batteries via a Mini-Channel Liquid-Cooling Plate With Vortex Generators
Authors: Xu Huanwei , Xiong Shizhe , Li Wei , Wu Lingfeng , Wang Zhonglai 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Temperature is a critical factor affecting the performance and safety of battery packs of electric vehicles (EVs). The design of liquid cooling plates based on mini-channels has always been the research hotspots of battery thermal management systems (BTMS). This paper investigates the effect of adding vortex generators (VGs) to the liquid cooling channel on the heat dissipation capacity and temperature uniformity of the battery. The shape of the vortex generators (triangle, trapezoid, and semicircle), placement position (middle, inlet, and outlet of the channel), different flowrates, and different numbers of channels on the heat dissipation of the battery are systematically analyzed. The research results indicate that (1) compared to the triangular and trapezoidal vortex generators, the semicircular vortex generators have a lower cost in terms of pressure drop while maintaining the same heat dissipation efficiency. The pressure drop of the semicircular vortex generators is 15.89% less than that of the trapezoidal vortex generators and 20.49% less than that of the triangular vortex generators. (2) The effect of adding vortex generators is more obvious when the flowrate is small in the cooling channels. When the flow velocity is 0.025 m/s, the heat dissipation performance can be increased by 7.4%. (3) When the cross-sectional area of the inlet is fixed, the heat dissipation effect of more channels is better. The average temperature of three and seven cooling channels decreases from 311.23 K to 310.07 K, with a decrease of 8.87%. (4) The temperature difference can be effectively reduced when the vortex generators are concentrated near the outlet of the flow outlet. Its temperature difference is 1.8 K lower than that when the vortex generators are placed near the inlet, with a decrease of 10.5%.
Physics-Informed Deep Learning-Based Proof-of-Concept Study of a Novel Elastohydrodynamic Seal for Supercritical CO2 Turbomachinery
Authors: Lyathakula Karthik Reddy , Cesmeci Sevki , DeMond Matthew , Hassan Mohammad Fuad , Xu Hanping , Tang Jing 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) power cycles show promising potential of higher plant efficiencies and power densities for a wide range of power generation applications such as fossil fuel power plants, nuclear power production, solar power, and geothermal power generation. sCO2 leakage through the turbomachinery has been one of the main concerns in such applications. To offer a potential solution, we propose an elastohydrodynamic (EHD) seal that can work at elevated pressures and temperatures with low leakage and minimal wear. The EHD seal has a very simple, sleeve-like structure, wrapping on the rotor with minimal initial clearance at micron levels. In this work, a proof-of-concept study for the proposed EHD seal was presented by using the simplified Reynolds equation and Lame’s formula for the fluid flow in the clearance and for seal deformation, respectively. The set of nonlinear equations was solved by using both the conventional Prediction–Correction (PC) method and modern Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN). It was shown that the physics-informed deep learning method provided good computational efficiency in resolving the steep pressure gradient in the clearance with good accuracy. The results showed that the leakage rates increased quadratically with working pressures and reached a steady-state at high-pressure values of 15∼20 MPa, where Q = 300 g/s at 20 MPa for an initial seal clearance of 255 μm. This indicates that the EHD seal could be tailored to become a potential solution to minimize the sCO2 discharge in power plants.
Supplemental Material: Subduction initiation recorded in the Dadeville Complex of Alabama and Georgia, southeastern United States
Authors: Becker Naomi A. , al. et 
Published: August 2023

<p>Item A: Word file detailing the complete methods for mineral separation and chemical abrasion–isotope dilution–thermal ionization mass spectrometry (CA-ID-TIMS) analysis. Item B: Excel file containing all raw data presented in the manuscript. </p>