bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Religion, religiosity and spirituality: Conceptual differences in Brazilian psychotherapists' point of view
Authors: da Cunha Vivian Fukumasu , Feliciano Thayná Andressa Soares , Scorsolini‐Comin Fabio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe study aimed at identifying conceptions of Brazilian psychotherapists about “religion,” “religiosity” and “spirituality.” This is an exploratory study with a qualitative approach. Twenty‐four psychotherapists from two cities, one in the state of São Paulo and the other in the state of Minas Gerais, with a mean of 10.54 years in clinical practice, participated in the study. The participants completed a semistructured interview, and the data were organised through content analysis. It was identified that the participants have vague or incomplete knowledge about these concepts and their differences when comparing the Psychology and Health literature. This seems to be justified by the historical–scientific social context of the training process and by the fact that they do not always attribute real importance to the theoretical precision of these terms in clinical management with their patients. The absence of more precise definitions and discussions of these concepts and terms can increase the chances of the issue being neglected or infrequently addressed in sessions. This can affect the performance, the bond with the patient and the behaviour itself in sessions.
Anti‐Alzheimer's Activity of Polyphenolic Stilbene‐Rich Acetone Fraction of the Oil‐Removed Seeds of Passiflora edulis: in Vivo and in Silico Studies
Authors: Mostefa Nadjet , Djebli Noureddine , Khanh Pham Ngoc , Ha Nguyen Xuan , Anh Hoang Thi Ngoc , Ha Vu Thi , Huong Tran Thu , Anh Dang Viet , Cuong Nguyen Manh 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe stilbene‐rich acetone fraction in high yield (6.6 %, PEAS) of Passiflora edulis Sims was prepared and evaluated for neuroprotective activity in murine Alzheimer's disease model induced by aluminum chloride and D‐galactose. The phytochemical and HPLC‐DAD‐MS analysis of the polyphenolic stilbene‐rich acetone fraction showed that it contained different stilbenes including trans‐piceatannol, scirpusins A−B and cassigarol E. The total phenolic content (TPC) of PEAS was 413.87±1.71 mg GAE eqv/g. The neuroprotective activity of PEAS is typically presented in the Morris water maze‐reference Spatial Memory test, where the Alzheimer's mice treated at 100 mg/kg (Alz‐ED1) and 200 mg/kg (Alz‐ED2) spent less than 47 % and 66 % of the time, respectively, than the Alzheimer's model mice (Alz). Two simple stilbenes, trans‐piceatannol and trans‐resveratrol, showed selectively inhibitory activity in silico against acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Two stilbene dimers, cassigarol E and scirpusin A, exhibited low nanomolar inhibitory potential against AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), significantly lower than those of the positive control, donepezil and tacrine. These findings suggest that the stilbenes from P. edulis seeds, particularly the stilbene dimers, warrant further investigation as potential neuroprotective candidates in the prevention of cognitive deficits associated with Alzheimer's disease.
Design, Synthesis, and Insecticidal Activities of Novel N‐Pyridylpyrazole Amide Derivatives Containing a Maleimide
Authors: Zhang Lu , Kong Yijin , Shao Xusheng , Li Zhong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo discover ‘me‐better’ insecticidal active molecules targeting ryanodine receptors (RyRs), a series of novel N‐pyridylpyrazole amide derivatives containing a maleimide were designed and synthesized in accordance with the prior investigations of our group. Preliminary bioassay findings indicated some compounds containing a maleimide exhibited good larvicidal activities against lepidopteran pests at a concentration of 500 mg L−1. Compound 9 j showed 60 % larvicidal activities against M. Separata at 50 mg L−1. Compound 9 b exhibited 40 % larvicidal activities against P. xylostella at 50 mg L−1. Molecular docking study indicated that H‐bonds, π–π interaction and cation‐π interaction made for the binding of compounds 9 b, 9 j with P. Xylostella RyR. These results indicated that compounds 9 b and 9 j could be developed as novel and promising insecticidal leads.
Electrochemical CO2 Reduction over In Alloy Electrodes and Depth‐Profiled Interfacial Electronic Structures
Authors: Yang Seo Young , Maeng Ju Young , Hwang Seon Young , Eun Park Go , Rhee Choong Kyun , Sohn Youngku 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIndium (In) in the p‐block of the periodic table has demonstrated a high Faradaic efficiency (FE) for formate production in electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (EC CO2 RR). Therefore, In‐based alloys have been extensively employed to improve performance. However, the effects of alterations in surface elemental composition and interfacial electronic structure have not been investigated in detail. In this study, we introduced In and In‐based alloys (InGaAg, InSn, and InSnBi) electrodes for EC CO2 RR. The experimental conditions employed in the demonstrated tests encompass various factors, such as applied potentials, electrolytes and their concentrations, as well as the effects of light, including UV and infrared light radiation. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy confirmed formate production with high FE (97.7 %) and selectivity (98.5 %). Minor amounts of CO, CH4, and H2 were also detected by gas chromatography. Depth‐profiling X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to examine the effects of alloying, potential‐induced exposed surface elemental compositions, and interfacial electronic structures. The study found that the elemental distribution was substantially altered after EC CO2 RR. These unique results provide valuable information for the improvement and theoretical modeling of In‐based alloy electrocatalysts for CO2 recycling.
Revealing the Surface Species Evolution on Low‐loading Platinum in an Electrochemical Redox Reaction by Operando Ambient‐Pressure X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Authors: Yang Chueh‐Cheng , Tsai Meng‐Hsuan , Yang Zong‐Ren , Tseng Yuan‐Chieh , Wang Chia‐Hsin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe stability and activity of Platinum catalysts under the redox process are the key parameters affecting catalytic performance. Here, we investigated the surface species evolution of low‐loading Pt catalyst deposited on a Nafion membrane through e‐beam deposition during redox reactions by using in situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) combined with a static electrochemical cell. Operando ambient‐pressure XPS measurement revealed the oxide species (Ptδ+, Pt2+, and Pt4+) evolution over different potentials in the water layer constructed by an acid solution. The amount of Pt2+ increased with an increment of the anodic potential, whereas Pt4+ suddenly formed when the threshold voltage of the oxygen evolution reaction was crossed. Hysteresis of Pt2+ was revealed as Pt4+ was completely reduced when returning to the open circuit potential. Incorporating depth‐profiling studies enabled us to uncover the mechanism of oxide species evolution between the surface and subsurface of the Pt catalyst during a redox reaction.
Systematic reviewers' perspectives on sharing review data, analytic code, and other materials: A survey
Authors: Nguyen Phi‐Yen , McKenzie Joanne E. , Hamilton Daniel G. , Moher David , Tugwell Peter , Fidler Fiona M. , Haddaway Neal R. , Higgins Julian P. T. , Kanukula Raju , Karunananthan Sathya , Maxwell Lara J. , McDonald Steve , Nakagawa Shinichi , Nunan David , Welch Vivian A. , Page Matthew J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere are many benefits of sharing data, analytic code, and other materials, yet these items are infrequently shared among systematic reviews (SRs). It is unclear which factors influence authors' decisions to share data, code, or materials when publishing their SRs. Therefore, we aimed to explore systematic reviewers' perspectives on the importance of sharing review materials and factors that might influence such practices.MethodsWe searched PubMed for SRs published from January to April 2021, from which we randomly allocated 50% to this survey and 50% to another survey on the replication of SRs. We sent an electronic survey to authors of these SRs (n = 4671) using Qualtrics. Quantitative responses were summarized using frequency analysis. Free‐text answers were coded using an inductive approach.ResultsThe response rate was 9% (n = 417). Most participants supported routine sharing of search strategies (84%) but fewer for analytic code (43%) or files documenting data preparation (38%). Most participants agreed that normative practices within the discipline were an important facilitator (78%). Major perceived barriers were lack of time (62%) and suitable sharing platforms (31%). Few participants were required by funders (19%) or institutions (17%) to share data, and only 12% of participants reported receiving training on data sharing. Commonly perceived consequences of data sharing were lost opportunities for future publications (50%), misuse of data (48%), and issues with intellectual property (40%). In their most recent reviews, participants who did not share data cited the lack of journal requirements (56%) or noted the review did not include any statistical analysis that required sharing (29%).ConclusionCertain types of review materials were considered unnecessary for sharing, despite their importance to the review's transparency and reproducibility. Structural barriers and concerns about negative consequences hinder data sharing among systematic reviewers. Normalization and institutional incentives are essential to promote data‐sharing practices in evidence‐synthesis research.
Systematic reviewers' perspectives on replication of systematic reviews: A survey
Authors: Nguyen Phi‐Yen , McKenzie Joanne E. , Hamilton Daniel G. , Moher David , Tugwell Peter , Fidler Fiona M. , Haddaway Neal R. , Higgins Julian P. T. , Kanukula Raju , Karunananthan Sathya , Maxwell Lara J. , McDonald Steve , Nakagawa Shinichi , Nunan David , Welch Vivian A. , Page Matthew J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundReplication is essential to the scientific method. It is unclear what systematic reviewers think about the replication of systematic reviews (SRs). Therefore, we aimed to explore systematic reviewers' perspectives on (a) the definition and importance of SR replication; (b) incentives and barriers to conducting SR replication; and (c) a checklist to guide when to replicate an SR.MethodsWe searched PubMed for SRs published from January to April 2021, from which we randomly allocated 50% to this survey and 50% to another survey on data sharing in SRs. We sent an electronic survey to authors of these SRs (n = 4669) using Qualtrics. Quantitative responses were summarized using frequency analysis. Free‐text answers were coded using an inductive approach.ResultsThe response rate was 9% (n = 409). Most participants considered “replication of SRs” as redoing an SR (68%) or reanalyzing originally collected data (61%), using the same or similar methods. Participants also considered updating an SR, either one's own (42%) or others (43%), equivalent to replication. Most participants agreed that replication of SRs is important (89%). Although 54% of participants reported having conducted a replication of a SR, only 22% have published a replication within 5 years. Those who published a replication (n = 89) often found their replication supported (47%) or expanded the generalizability of the original review (51%). The most common perceived barriers to replicating SRs were difficulty publishing (75%), less prestige (65%), fewer citations (56%), and less impact on career advancement (55%) compared to conducting an original SR. A checklist to assess the need for replication was deemed useful (79%) and easy to apply in practice (69%) by participants.ConclusionReviewers have various perceptions of what constitutes a replication of SRs. Reviewers see replication as important and valuable but perceive several barriers to conducting replications. Institutional support should be better communicated to reviewers to address these perceptions.
Polythiophene Derivatives Carbonized Polymer Dots: Aggregation Induced Solid‐State Fluorescence Emission†
Authors: Li Jian , Zhao Fanghao , Nan Fuchun , Wang Jian , Zhang Yunxiu , Liang Ke , Xue Xiaokuang , Chen Tiejin , Kong Lin , Ge Jiechao , Wang Pengfei 
Published: April 2023

Comprehensive SummaryCurrently, solid‐state fluorescent carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) have attracted attention increasingly due to their applications for optoelectronic display. However, designing CPDs possessing solid‐state fluorescence and clarifying the fluorescence mechanism remain challenging. Herein, we initially synthesized a novel type of polythiophene derivatives CPDs, poly‐4,4’‐(thiophene‐3,4‐diyl)dibenzoic acid carbonized polymer dots (PDBA‐CPDs) with solid‐state fluorescence. Subsequently, the structural and optical characterization revealed that the solid‐state fluorescence originated from the aggregation induced emission of the CPDs. In brief, in aggregation state, the remaining polymer structure groups on the surface of the CPDs overlapped and weakened the non‐radiative transition, enhancing solid‐state fluorescence emission. Thirdly, three polythiophene‐derived CPDs were designed to further demonstrate the aggregation induced solid‐state fluorescence mechanism. Finally, owing to their unique properties of solid‐state fluorescence, the white LEDs (light emitting diodes) were fabricated with high color rendering index (CRI) of 82.7 and CIE coordinates of (0.37, 0.39) using commercial 460 nm chip. This work facilitates the development of CPDs’ solid‐state fluorescence mechanisms and advances the application of CPDs in the field of optoelectronics.
The Classification of Carbon Dots and the Relationship between Synthesis Methods and Properties
Authors: Zhao Xin‐Xiang , Tao Song‐Yuan , Yang Bai 
Published: April 2023

Comprehensive SummaryThe carbon dots (CDs), as emerging carbon based nanomaterials, are a kind of fluorescent materials with wide application prospects. Highly luminous CDs can simply be synthesized by a wide variety of easily accessible precursors. CDs have excellent optical properties, high biocompatibility and low toxicity, which makes them be used in the fields of optics, biology, energy, and so on. In this review, the classification, nomenclature, photoluminescence mechanism and property regulation of CDs are reviewed. Finally, the future research interests and potential challenges of CDs are prospected.
Divergent Synthesis of Organofluorinated Molecules from Titanium Mediated Deoxygenation of Free Alcohols
Authors: Tian Hongjun , Zhang Ruifeng , Shi Lei , Zhao Can , Wang Xiaoming 
Published: April 2023

Comprehensive SummaryAlcohols as among the most widely occurring organic compounds known, deoxygenative transformations of free alcohols as partners in radical addition reactions remain formidable challenges with great opportunities to achieve new and useful transformations. Herein, we report a protocol via C—O bond cleavage and C—C bond‐forming reaction of trifluoromethyl alkenes with free alcohols assisted by titanium reagents via a deoxygenative radical strategy, enabling the divergent synthesis for functional‐group‐rich organofluorinated compounds in high efficiencies. In this transformation, tertiary alcohols by Ti‐catalysis could be converted to trifluoromethyl alkanes without defluorination in acidic conditions, while benzyl alcohols are employed by Ti‐mediated activation to supply the gem‐difluoroalkenes with defluorination in the presence of a base. This protocol is applicable for a broad range of trifluoromethyl alkenes with good functional group tolerance and a variety of tertiary alcohols and benzyl alcohols (including primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols), and is scalable to the gram level. Remarkably, the utility of this protocol is demonstrated by several derivatizations and late‐stage functionalization of drug molecules. The successful applications in scale up reactions and late‐stage functionalization of several drug molecules demonstrate its potential synthetic value in drug discovery settings.
Actin's C‐terminus coordinates actin structural changes and functions
Authors: Steffensen Karl E. , Dawson John F. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractActin is essential to eukaryotic cellular processes. Actin's C‐terminus appears to play a direct role in modulating actin's structure and properties, facilitating the binding and function of actin‐binding proteins (ABPs). The structural and functional characterization of filamentous actin's C‐terminus has been impeded by its inherent flexibility, as well as actin's resistance to crystallization for x‐ray diffraction and the historical resolution constraints associated with electron microscopy. Many biochemical studies have established that actin's C‐terminus must retain its flexibility and structural integrity to modulate actin's structure and functions. For example, C‐terminal structural changes are known to affect nucleotide binding and exchange, as well as propagate actin structural changes throughout extensive allosteric networks, facilitating the binding and function of ABPs. Advances in electron microscopy have resulted in high‐resolution structures of filamentous actin, providing insights into subtle structural changes that are mediated by actin's C‐terminus. Here, we review existing knowledge establishing the importance of actin's C‐terminus within actin structural changes and functions and discuss how modern structural characterization techniques provide the tools to understand the role of actin's C‐terminus in cellular processes.
Pharmacokinetics and Safety Evaluation of Maribavir in Healthy Japanese and Matched White Participants: A Phase 1, Open‐Label Study
Authors: Song Ivy , Suttle Ben , Wu Jingyang , Ilic Katarina 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis phase I study compared pharmacokinetics and safety of maribavir in Japanese and White participants, and evaluated dose proportionality in Japanese participants. Under fasting conditions, 12 healthy adult participants of Japanese descent and 12 matched White participants received a single 400‐mg dose of maribavir. Japanese participants received 2 further doses of maribavir: 200 mg and 800 mg, or 800 mg and 200 mg, separated by a ≥72‐hour washout period. Serial blood samples were collected up to 24 hours after dosing for pharmacokinetic assessments. Following the 400‐mg dose, the geometric mean ratios (90% confidence interval) of Japanese versus White participants were 110% (91.7%–133%) for maximum plasma concentration, 122% (96.8%–155%) for area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) from time of dosing to the last measurable concentration, and 125% (98.0%–160%) for AUC extrapolated to infinity. In Japanese participants, maribavir AUC extrapolated to infinity and AUC from time of dosing to the last measurable concentration increased in a dose‐proportional fashion over 200–800 mg; maximum plasma concentration increased less than dose proportionally. Seven participants reported treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs; Japanese participants, 400 mg: 2 [16.7%], 200 mg: 1 [8.3%]; White participants, 400 mg: 4 [33.3%]), all mild and most commonly dysgeusia. No serious TEAEs or TEAEs leading to discontinuation were reported. This study demonstrated higher maribavir systemic exposure in Japanese than White participants and similar safety outcomes. This difference in exposure is not considered clinically important and its significance remains to be determined.
Hydrogenation Influences on the Structural, Optical, and Insulating Properties of (Bi+Cr) Codoped Anatase TiO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Dakhel A. A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper presents the investigation results for pure and (Bi/Cr) codoped TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by using a hydrothermal precipitation technique. The synthesized NPs are characterized by using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and optical spectroscopy. The XRD patterns show a single anatase phase of an average nano‐crystallite size ≈6–9 nm. In addition, it was noticed that the hydrogenation of the NPs of the ceramic samples reduced the crystallite sizes due to the creation of O‐vacancies and microstrain. The optical absorption spectra show redshift of the bandgap. Moreover, an absorption hump in the high‐wavelength range of 630–800 nm is observed and attributed to the d‐d transitions in Cr3+ ions. Then, it is studied hydrogenation's significant effect on the absorption spectrum for λ > 370 nm, which attributes to the creation of a high density of point defects and structural microstrain that enhances the redshift of bandgap. The permittivity at 1 kHz of the prepared (Bi/Cr):TiO2 ceramic is found to be of large value (≈670), which is enhanced up to ≈103 by the hydrogenation. It is concluded that the hydrogenation in the present investigation supports the effects of the Bi3+ ions on the dielectric properties rather than that of Cr3+ ions, which mostly substitute the Ti ions (TiCr) due to the similarity of Ti3+ and Cr3+ ions. Thus, the measured dielectric constant of the hydrogenated sample [(Bi/Cr):TiO2‐H] is almost equal to that value of the host TiO2 doped with only Bi ions (Bi:TiO2). Moreover, it is concluded that the hydrogenation has a negligible effect on the effective polaron hopping energy, but increases the sample maximum barrier height (WM) by ≈55% causing an increase in the measured values of the permittivity.
Electric‐Field‐Induced Organic Transformations
Authors: Kareem Shaik , Vali Shaik Ramjan , Reddy B. V. Subba 
Published: April 2023

AbstractExperiments showed that the existence of electric fields in non‐redox processes may alter the catalytic activity, rate enhancement, and selection of organic reactions. It is expected that the interaction between electric fields and chemical reactions will create new avenues for producing materials with desired properties in several chemical disciplines, including synthetic organic chemistry, catalysis, nanotechnology, membrane technology, and enzyme catalysis. Specifically, in this review, we discuss the elegant experimental investigations carried out using the scanning tunneling microscope, the interfacial electric field, and designed local electric fields. The results of these studies are remarkable, leading to new information on the function of electric fields in controlling chemical reactivity and selectivity in different reactions and offering a glimpse of the great potential of electrostatic fields. This article not only presents the core concepts of field‐induced chemical transformations but also illustrates the potential use of electric field catalysis in chemistry and other fields.