bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of sub-pyramid texturing as the next step towards high efficiency silicon heterojunction solar cells
Authors: Chu Feihong , Qu Xianlin , He Yongcai , Li Wenling , Chen Xiaoqing , Zheng Zilong , Yang Miao , Ru Xiaoning , Peng Fuguo , Qu Minghao , Zheng Kun , Xu Xixiang , Yan Hui , Zhang Yongzhe 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe interfacial morphology of crystalline silicon/hydrogenated amorphous silicon (c-Si/a-Si:H) is a key success factor to approach the theoretical efficiency of Si-based solar cells, especially Si heterojunction technology. The unexpected crystalline silicon epitaxial growth and interfacial nanotwins formation remain a challenging issue for silicon heterojunction technology. Here, we design a hybrid interface by tuning pyramid apex-angle to improve c-Si/a-Si:H interfacial morphology in silicon solar cells. The pyramid apex-angle (slightly smaller than 70.53°) consists of hybrid (111)0.9/(011)0.1 c-Si planes, rather than pure (111) planes in conventional texture pyramid. Employing microsecond-long low-temperature (500 K) molecular dynamic simulations, the hybrid (111)/(011) plane prevents from both c-Si epitaxial growth and nanotwin formation. More importantly, given there is not any additional industrial preparation process, the hybrid c-Si plane could improve c-Si/a-Si:H interfacial morphology for a-Si passivated contacts technique, and wide-applied for all silicon-based solar cells as well.
Hybrid-DIA: intelligent data acquisition integrates targeted and discovery proteomics to analyze phospho-signaling in single spheroids
Authors: Martínez-Val Ana , Fort Kyle , Koenig Claire , Van der Hoeven Leander , Franciosa Giulia , Moehring Thomas , Ishihama Yasushi , Chen Yu-ju , Makarov Alexander , Xuan Yue , Olsen Jesper V. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAchieving sufficient coverage of regulatory phosphorylation sites by mass spectrometry (MS)-based phosphoproteomics for signaling pathway reconstitution is challenging, especially when analyzing tiny sample amounts. To address this, we present a hybrid data-independent acquisition (DIA) strategy (hybrid-DIA) that combines targeted and discovery proteomics through an Application Programming Interface (API) to dynamically intercalate DIA scans with accurate triggering of multiplexed tandem mass spectrometry (MSx) scans of predefined (phospho)peptide targets. By spiking-in heavy stable isotope labeled phosphopeptide standards covering seven major signaling pathways, we benchmark hybrid-DIA against state-of-the-art targeted MS methods (i.e., SureQuant) using EGF-stimulated HeLa cells and find the quantitative accuracy and sensitivity to be comparable while hybrid-DIA also profiles the global phosphoproteome. To demonstrate the robustness, sensitivity, and biomedical potential of hybrid-DIA, we profile chemotherapeutic agents in single colon carcinoma multicellular spheroids and evaluate the phospho-signaling difference of cancer cells in 2D vs 3D culture.
All-ferroelectric implementation of reservoir computing
Authors: Chen Zhiwei , Li Wenjie , Fan Zhen , Dong Shuai , Chen Yihong , Qin Minghui , Zeng Min , Lu Xubing , Zhou Guofu , Gao Xingsen , Liu Jun-Ming 
Published: June 2023

AbstractReservoir computing (RC) offers efficient temporal information processing with low training cost. All-ferroelectric implementation of RC is appealing because it can fully exploit the merits of ferroelectric memristors (e.g., good controllability); however, this has been undemonstrated due to the challenge of developing ferroelectric memristors with distinctly different switching characteristics specific to the reservoir and readout network. Here, we experimentally demonstrate an all-ferroelectric RC system whose reservoir and readout network are implemented with volatile and nonvolatile ferroelectric diodes (FDs), respectively. The volatile and nonvolatile FDs are derived from the same Pt/BiFeO3/SrRuO3 structure via the manipulation of an imprint field (Eimp). It is shown that the volatile FD with Eimp exhibits short-term memory and nonlinearity while the nonvolatile FD with negligible Eimp displays long-term potentiation/depression, fulfilling the functional requirements of the reservoir and readout network, respectively. Hence, the all-ferroelectric RC system is competent for handling various temporal tasks. In particular, it achieves an ultralow normalized root mean square error of 0.017 in the Hénon map time-series prediction. Besides, both the volatile and nonvolatile FDs demonstrate long-term stability in ambient air, high endurance, and low power consumption, promising the all-ferroelectric RC system as a reliable and low-power neuromorphic hardware for temporal information processing.
Enabling long-cycling aqueous sodium-ion batteries via Mn dissolution inhibition using sodium ferrocyanide electrolyte additive
Authors: Liang Zhaoheng , Tian Fei , Yang Gongzheng , Wang Chengxin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAqueous sodium-ion batteries (AIBs) are promising candidates for large-scale energy storage due to their safe operational properties and low cost. However, AIBs have low specific energy (i.e., <80 Wh kg−1) and limited lifespans (e.g., hundreds of cycles). Mn-Fe Prussian blue analogues are considered ideal positive electrode materials for AIBs, but they show rapid capacity decay due to Jahn-Teller distortions. To circumvent these issues, here, we propose a cation-trapping method that involves the introduction of sodium ferrocyanide (Na4Fe(CN)6) as a supporting salt in a highly concentrated NaClO4-based aqueous electrolyte solution to fill the surface Mn vacancies formed in Fe-substituted Prussian blue Na1.58Fe0.07Mn0.97Fe(CN)6 · 2.65H2O (NaFeMnF) positive electrode materials during cycling. When the engineered aqueous electrolyte solution and the NaFeMnF-based positive electrode are tested in combination with a 3, 4, 9, 10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide-based negative electrode in a coin cell configuration, a specific energy of 94 Wh kg–1 at 0.5 A g−1 (specific energy based on the active material mass of both electrodes) and a specific discharge capacity retention of 73.4% after 15000 cycles at 2 A g−1 are achieved.
The environmental controls on efficiency of enhanced rock weathering in soils
Authors: Deng Hang , Sonnenthal Eric , Arora Bhavna , Breunig Hanna , Brodie Eoin , Kleber Markus , Spycher Nicolas , Nico Peter 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEnhanced rock weathering (ERW) in soils is a promising carbon removal technology, but the realistically achievable efficiency, controlled primarily by in situ weathering rates of the applied rocks, is highly uncertain. Here we explored the impacts of coupled biogeochemical and transport processes and a set of primary environmental and operational controls, using forsterite as a proxy mineral in soils and a multiphase multi-component reactive transport model considering microbe-mediated reactions. For a onetime forsterite application of ~ 16 kg/m2, complete weathering within five years can be achieved, giving an equivalent carbon removal rate of ~ 2.3 kgCO2/m2/yr. However, the rate is highly variable based on site-specific conditions. We showed that the in situ weathering rate can be enhanced by conditions and operations that maintain high CO2 availability via effective transport of atmospheric CO2 (e.g. in well-drained soils) and/or sufficient biogenic CO2 supply (e.g. stimulated plant–microbe processes). Our results further highlight that the effect of increasing surface area on weathering rate can be significant—so that the energy penalty of reducing the grain size may be justified—only when CO2 supply is nonlimiting. Therefore, for ERW practices to be effective, siting and engineering design (e.g. optimal grain size) need to be co-optimized.
Simulated nanoindentation into single-phase fcc Fe$$_{x}$$Ni$$_{1-x}$$ alloys predicts maximum hardness for equiatomic stoichiometry
Authors: Alabd Alhafez Iyad , Deluigi Orlando R. , Tramontina Diego , Ruestes Carlos J. , Bringa Eduardo M. , Urbassek Herbert M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe investigate by molecular dynamics simulation the mechanical behavior of concentrated alloys under nanoindentation for the special example of single-phase fcc Fe$$_{x}$$

x

Ni$$_{1-x}$$

1
-
x

alloys. The indentation hardness is maximum for the equiatomic alloy, $$x=0.5$$

x
=
0.5

. This finding is in agreement with experimental results on the strength of these alloys under uniaxial strain. We explain this finding with the increase of the unstable stacking fault energy in the alloys towards $$x=0.5$$

x
=
0.5

. With increasing Fe content, loop emission from the plastic zone under the indenter becomes less pronounced and the plastic zone features a larger fraction of screw dislocation segments; simultaneously, the length of the dislocation network and the number of atoms in the stacking faults generated in the plastic zone increase. However, the volume of twinned regions in the plastic zone is highest for the elemental solids and decreases for the alloys. This feature is explained by the fact that twinning proceeds by the glide of dislocations on adjacent parallel lattice planes; this concerted motion is less efficient in the alloys. Finally, we find that surface imprints show increasing pile-up heights with increasing Fe content. The present results will be of interest for hardness engineering or generating hardness profiles in concentrated alloys.
Human mobility patterns are associated with experienced partisan segregation in US metropolitan areas
Authors: Zhang Yongjun , Cheng Siwei , Li Zhi , Jiang Wenhao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPartisan sorting in residential environments is an enduring feature of contemporary American politics, but little research has examined partisan segregation individuals experience in activity spaces through their daily activities. Relying on advances in spatial computation and global positioning system data on everyday mobility flows collected from smartphones, we measure experienced partisan segregation in two ways: place-level partisan segregation based on the partisan composition of its daily visitors and community-level experienced partisan segregation based on the segregation level of places visited by its residents. We find that partisan segregation experienced in places varies across different geographic areas, location types, and time periods. Moreover, partisan segregation is distinct from experienced segregation by race and income. We also find that partisan segregation individuals experience is relatively lower when they visit places beyond their residential areas, but partisan segregation in residential space and activity space is strongly correlated. Residents living in predominantly black, liberal, low-income, non-immigrant, more public transit-dependent, and central city communities tend to experience a higher level of partisan segregation.
Optoelectronic performance of indium tin oxide thin films structured by sub-picosecond direct laser interference patterning
Authors: Heffner Herman , Soldera Marcos , Lasagni Andrés Fabián 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA route to increase the efficiency of thin film solar cells is improving the light-trapping capacity by texturing the top Transparent Conductive Oxide (TCO) so that the sunlight reaching the solar absorber scatters into multiple directions. In this study, Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) thin films are treated by infrared sub-picosecond Direct Laser Interference Patterning (DLIP) to modify the surface topography. Surface analysis by scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy reveals the presence of periodic microchannels with a spatial period of 5 µm and an average height between 15 and 450 nm decorated with Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS) in the direction parallel to the microchannels. A relative increase in the average total and diffuse optical transmittances up to 10.7% and 1900%, respectively, was obtained in the 400–1000 nm spectral range as an outcome of the interaction of white light with the generated micro- and nanostructures. The estimation of Haacke’s figure of merit suggests that the surface modification of ITO with fluence levels near the ablation threshold might enhance the performance of solar cells that employ ITO as a front electrode.
The intensity ratio variation of the Si IV 1394/1403 Å lines during solar flares
Authors: Yu H. C. , Hong J. , Ding M. D. 
Published: June 2023

Context. The Si IV lines at 1394 Å and 1403 Å form in the solar atmosphere at a temperature of ∼104.8 K. They are usually considered optically thin, but their opacity can be enhanced during solar flares. Traditionally, the intensity ratio of these lines are used as an indicator of the optical thickness. However, observations have shown a wavelength-dependent intensity ratio profile r(Δλ) of the 1394 Å to 1403 Å lines.
Aims. We aim to study the variation of the intensity ratio profile in solar flares and the physical reasons behind it.
Methods. The Si IV lines and their intensity ratio profiles were calculated from the one-dimensional radiative hydrodynamics flare model with nonthermal electron heating.
Results. During flares, r(Δλ) is smaller than two at the line core but larger than two at the line wings. We attribute the deviation of the ratio from two to the following two effects: the resonance scattering effect and the opacity effect. Resonance scattering increases the population ratio of the upper levels of the two lines, and, as a result, increases r(Δλ) in all wavelengths. The opacity effect decreases r(Δλ), especially at the line core where the opacity is larger. These two effects compete with each other and cause the U shape of r(Δλ).
How to Approach Below-the-Ankle Arterial Interventions
Authors: Arslan Bulent , Madassery Sreekumar 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCritical limb ischemia, also referred to as chronic limb-threatening ischemia, is a major medical problem leading to limb amputations if not managed properly with a multispecialty team. Establishment of sufficient arterial flow to the foot is an integral part of this care. During the past two to three decades, arterial revascularization has become primarily endovascular with open surgical approaches significantly diminished in comparison. As techniques, tools, and experiences of the interventionalist have improved, the ability to recanalize more complex lesions has become more commonplace. We are at an age that even the arteries below the ankle can be accessed for complex interventions and even be recanalized if necessary. This article will discuss common arterial interventions performed below the ankle.
Treatment of Difficult, Calcified Lesions: Plaque Modification Strategies
Authors: Haddad Mustafa , Scheidt Matthew J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEndovascular management of peripheral arterial disease is continually evolving. Most changes focus on addressing the challenges that hinder optimal patient outcomes; one of the most significant is how to best treat calcified lesions. Hardened plaque results in a variety of technical issues including impaired device delivery, decreased luminal revascularization, poor stent expansion, heightened risk of in-stent stenosis or thrombosis, and increased procedural time and cost. For this reason, plaque modification devices have been developed to mitigate this issue. This paper will describe these strategies and provide the reader with an overview of devices that can be used to treat chronically hardened lesions.
Controlled-Release Levodopa for the Treatment of Rapid Motor Fluctuations in Parkinson's Disease Subjects with Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation
Authors: Onder Halil , Comoglu Selcuk 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objectives We aimed to investigate the efficiency of controlled-release levodopa/benserazide (Madopar HBS) use during daytime in our pilot study on advanced-stage Parkinson's disease (PD) subjects with deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) therapy.
Methods We have evaluated all PD subjects with STN-DBS who had admitted to our outpatient polyclinic between February 2022 and March 2022. Among these patients, those who were taking levodopa therapy at least five times throughout the day and the efficiency of levodopa lasted less than 3 hours were detected. The standard levodopa therapy was switched to Madopar HBS in all patients who accepted the therapy chance and the clinical evaluation of the patients on Madopar HBS therapy was performed in the second month of the therapy.
Results Ultimately, the follow-up of all four patients in whom the levodopa therapy was changed to Madopar HBS yielded a significant reduction in the “off” periods and improvement in the PSQ-39 scores.
Conclusion We suggest the use of Madopar HBS in PD patients with STN-DBS surgery suffering from motor fluctuations, particularly in the subgroup with milder dyskinesias. Future study results of a large number of PD subjects with STN-DBS therapy are warranted to confirm our observations. The results of these studies may provide critical applications in clinical practice.
Negative Chronotropic Cardiovascular Changes in Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Potential Spinal-Cardiac Reflex?
Authors: Sultan Kashif Ali , Ashraf Mohammad , Chaudhary Attika , Al Salloum Laulwa , Ghulam Naseeruddin , Ahmed Nazir , Ismahel Hassan , Farooq Minaam , Iqbal Javed , Ashraf Naveed 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCardiovascular changes following lumbar spine surgery in a prone position are exceedingly rare. Over the past 20 years, a total of six cases have been published where patients experienced varying degrees of bradycardia, hypotension, and asystole, which could be attributed to intraoperative dural manipulation. As such, there is emerging evidence for a potential neural-mediated spinal-cardiac reflex. The authors report their experience of negative chronotropy during an elective lumbar spine surgery that coincided with dural manipulation and review the available literature. A 34-year-old male presented with a long-standing history of lower back pain recently deteriorating to bilaterally radiating leg pain, with restricted left leg raise, and numbness at the left L5 dermatomal territory. The patient was an athletic police officer with no comorbidities or past medical history. Magnetic resonance imaging lumbosacral spine revealed spinal stenosis most pronounced at L4/L5 and disc bulges at L3/L4 and L5/S1. The patient opted for lumbar decompression surgery. After an unremarkable comprehensive preoperative workup, including cardiac evaluation (electrocardiogram, echocardiogram), the patient was induced general anesthesia in a prone position. A lumbar incision was made from L2 to S1. When the left L4 nerve root was retracted while removing the prolapsed disc at L4/L5, the anesthetist cautioned the surgeon of bradycardia (34 beats per minute [bpm]), and the surgery was immediately stopped. The heart rate improved to 60 bpm within 30 seconds. When the root was later retracted again, a second episode of bradycardia occurred for 4 minutes with heart rate declining to 48 bpm. The surgery was stopped, and after 4 minutes, the anesthetist administered 600 µg of atropine. The heart rate then rose to 73 bpm within 1 minute. Other potential causes for bradycardia were excluded. The total blood loss was estimated to be 100 mL. He remains well at his 6-month follow-up and has returned to work as normal. Akin to previously published cases, each episode of bradycardia coincided with dural manipulation, which may indicate a possible reflex between the spinal dura mater and the cardiovascular system. Such a rare adverse event may occur even in seemingly healthy, young individuals, and anesthetists should caution the operating surgeon of bradycardias to exclude operative manipulation of the dura as the cause. While this phenomenon is only reported in a handful of lumbar spine surgery cases, it provides evidence for a potential spinal-cardiac physiological reflex in the lumbar spine that may be neural mediated and should be investigated further.
Drug-Coated Balloon versus Drug-Eluting Stent: The Debate of Leave Nothing Behind
Authors: Keefe Nicole , Shull Trevor , Botea Lev , McGinigle Katharine 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEndovascular techniques for peripheral artery disease have changed significantly in the past 10 years with advances in technology and data. Treatment of superficial femoral disease is complex secondary to the length, degree of calcification, high rate of chronic total occlusion, and areas of flexion within this vessel. Use of drug-coated devices has increased the interventionalist's toolbox with the objective to improve freedom from target lesion revascularization and primary patency. There remains debate as to which devices may reach these goals while also limiting overall morbidity and mortality. This article aims to highlight recent advances in the literature regarding the use of drug-coated devices.
Discovering selective antiferroptotic inhibitors of the 15LOX/PEBP1 complex noninterfering with biosynthesis of lipid mediators
Authors: Dar Haider H. , Mikulska-Ruminska Karolina , Tyurina Yulia Y. , Luci Diane K. , Yasgar Adam , Samovich Svetlana N. , Kapralov Alexander A. , Souryavong Austin B. , Tyurin Vladimir A. , Amoscato Andrew A. , Epperly Michael W. , Shurin Galina V. , Standley Melissa , Holman Theodore R. , St. Croix Claudette M. , Watkins Simon C. , VanDemark Andrew P. , Rana Sandeep , Zakharov Alexey V. , Simeonov Anton  , Marugan Juan , Mallampalli Rama K. , Wenzel Sally E. , Greenberger Joel S. , Rai Ganesha , Bayir Hülya , Bahar Ivet , Kagan Valerian E. 
Published: June 2023

Programmed ferroptotic death eliminates cells in all major organs and tissues with imbalanced redox metabolism due to overwhelming iron-catalyzed lipid peroxidation under insufficient control by thiols (Glutathione (GSH)). Ferroptosis has been associated with the pathogenesis of major chronic degenerative diseases and acute injuries of the brain, cardiovascular system, liver, kidneys, and other organs, and its manipulation offers a promising new strategy for anticancer therapy. This explains the high interest in designing new small-molecule–specific inhibitors against ferroptosis. Given the role of 15-lipoxygenase (15LOX) association with phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)-binding protein 1 (PEBP1) in initiating ferroptosis-specific peroxidation of polyunsaturated PE, we propose a strategy of discovering antiferroptotic agents as inhibitors of the 15LOX/PEBP1 catalytic complex rather than 15LOX alone. Here we designed, synthesized, and tested a customized library of 26 compounds using biochemical, molecular, and cell biology models along with redox lipidomic and computational analyses. We selected two lead compounds, FerroLOXIN-1 and 2, which effectively suppressed ferroptosis in vitro and in vivo without affecting the biosynthesis of pro-/anti-inflammatory lipid mediators in vivo. The effectiveness of these lead compounds is not due to radical scavenging or iron-chelation but results from their specific mechanisms of interaction with the 15LOX-2/PEBP1 complex, which either alters the binding pose of the substrate [eicosatetraenoyl-PE (ETE-PE)] in a nonproductive way or blocks the predominant oxygen channel thus preventing the catalysis of ETE-PE peroxidation. Our successful strategy may be adapted to the design of additional chemical libraries to reveal new ferroptosis-targeting therapeutic modalities.