bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness and durability of a second COVID-19 booster against severe outcomes among older people in Norway: a population-based cohort study comparing mono- and bivalent booster doses
Authors: Stecher Melanie , Kristoffersen Anja Bråthen , Lie Kristian , Andersen Svein Rune , Meijerink Hinta , Starrfelt Jostein 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Evidence on the durability of the protection of a fourth dose of a monovalent or bivalent messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccine against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among older people during the predominant Omicron period is needed.

Methods
We performed a population-based cohort study in Norway covering the time from 1 July 2022 to 15 January 2023, including individuals ≥75 years of age who had received at least a third dose. Using Cox proportional hazard models on severe COVID-19-associated outcome measures and all-cause mortality, we estimated the vaccine effectiveness of mono- and bivalent vaccines, comparing fourth- to third-dose recipients (&gt;24 weeks ago). Vaccine status was included as a time-varying covariate and models were adjusted for potential confounders.

Results
We included 408 073 individuals. A fourth dose with either monovalent or bivalent mRNA vaccine showed increased protection against COVID-19-associated mortality relative to a third dose in individuals ≥75 years of age. We estimated a protective effect for the bivalent BA.1 vaccine [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.08, 95% CI 0.02–0.32] relative to the bivalent BA.4–5 (aHR 0.27, 95% CI 0.14–0.56) and a monovalent dose (aHR 0.34, 95% CI 0.26–0.45) 2–9 weeks after vaccination compared with recipients with a third dose &gt;24 weeks ago. The increased protective effect waned with no added protection for the monovalent vaccine after 33 weeks compared with a third dose.

Conclusions
Our results indicate an increased protective effect of a fourth dose against severe outcomes compared with a third dose, with decreasing effect with time since the last dose.
Intersection Theory of Polymatroids
Authors: Eur Christopher , Larson Matt 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPolymatroids are combinatorial abstractions of subspace arrangements in the same way that matroids are combinatorial abstractions of hyperplane arrangements. By introducing augmented Chow rings of polymatroids, modeled after augmented wonderful varieties of subspace arrangements, we generalize several algebro-geometric techniques developed in recent years to study matroids. We show that intersection numbers in the augmented Chow ring of a polymatroid are determined by a matching property known as the Hall–Rado condition, which is new even in the case of matroids.
Modelling Marburg Virus Disease in Syrian Golden Hamsters: Contrasted Virulence Between Angola and Ci67 Strains
Authors: Cross Robert W , Fenton Karla A , Foster Stephanie L , Geisbert Joan B , Geisbert Thomas W 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Marburg virus (MARV) has caused numerous sporadic outbreaks of severe hemorrhagic fever in humans. Human case fatality rates of Marburg virus disease (MVD) outbreaks range from 20% to 90%. Viral genotypes of MARV can differ by over 20%, suggesting variable virulence between lineages may accompany this genetic divergence. Comparison of existing animal models of MVD employing different strains of MARV support differences in virulence across MARV genetic lineages; however, there are few systematic comparisons in models that recapitulate human disease available.

Methods
We compared features of disease pathogenesis in uniformly lethal hamster models of MVD made possible through serial adaptation in rodents.

Results
No further adaptation from a previously reported guinea pig-adapted (GPA) isolate of MARV-Angola was necessary to achieve uniform lethality in hamsters. Three passages of GPA MARV-Ci67 resulted in uniform lethality, where 4 passages of a GPA Ravn virus was 75% lethal. Hamster-adapted MARV-Ci67 demonstrated delayed time to death, protracted weight loss, lower viral burden, and slower histologic alteration compared to GPA MARV-Angola.

Conclusions
These data suggest isolate-dependent virulence differences are maintained even after serial adaptation in rodents and may serve to guide choice of variant and model used for development of vaccines or therapeutics for MVD.
“It’s Just How Things Are Done”: Social Ecologies of Sexual Violence in Humanitarian Aid
Authors: de Koeijer Valerie , Parkinson Sarah E , Smith Sofia J 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Increasing research on the humanitarian sector examines how its organizational cultures affect both aid outcomes and humanitarian workers’ private lives. The #MeToo movement and several public scandals have brought to light patterns of sexual violence in crisis zones perpetrated by humanitarian aid workers; surveys suggest rates of sexual assault within the humanitarian community comparable to, if not higher than, those on US college campuses. How do the conditions that produce sexual violence persist in a sector governed by strong, mission-centric principles, professional codes of conduct, and oversight?
This article uses participant observation in Iraq and Uganda, in-depth interviews, and textural analysis to examine the social origins of sexual violence in humanitarian communities. It builds on studies of aid organizations to argue that the humanitarian sector operates similarly to a “total institution” (Goffman 1961). Then, it draws upon recent work on sexual violence to demonstrate how within-sector social ecologies and informal socialization practices create the conditions of possibility for sexual violence. It identifies two key factors that constitute the emergency aid world—sexual scripts and projects, and sector-specific sexual geographies—and argues that they produce conditions that facilitate sexual violence while labeling them “just how things are done.”
Sensing technologies, digital inclusion, and disability diversity
Authors: Nectoux Sarah , Magee Liam , Soldatic Karen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article focuses on uses and experiences of everyday sensory technologies by racially and ethnically diverse persons with disabilites, bringing our research to the junction of critical technology studies, migration studies, and critical disability studies. We draw on a large-scale qualitative project that involves new and second-generation migrants with disabilities from a socio-economically disadvantaged area in Sydney, Australia. Findings show the negotiated exchanges of inclusion and exclusion that disabled people from diverse racial and ethnic minority backgrounds encounter with sensory and other technologies. While such technologies have rightfully been criticized for their roles in the surveillance, regulation, exclusion, and financialization of disability and ethnically diverse groups, these negotiations show how processes of agency, awareness, and peer support produce and in turn benefit from encounters with technology in complex ways. We argue the continued emergence of automation warrants both critique and cautious ongoing experimentation.
Nalaquq (“it is found”): a knowledge co-production framework for environmental sensing and communication in Indigenous arctic communities
Authors: Gleason Sean , Lim Jonathan , Church Lynn Marie , Jones Warren , Nicolai Carl , Pleasant Joe , Church Willard , Watterson Alice , Strunk Lonny Alaskuk , Knecht Richard , Hillerdal Charlotta 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In 2007, the Yup’ik village of Quinhagak contacted archaeologists after locals found precontact artifacts on a nearby beach. This collaboration led to the subsequent excavation of Nunalleq, an important ancestral site threatened by climate change. Since then, an international research team has partnered with Yup’ik leadership in Quinhagak to address the larger impact of climate change. In turn, this article introduces Nalaquq—our framework for combining custom sensor networks with traditional knowledge to study ellavut (trans. “Our land and weather”). Doing so provides a guide for communication scholars interested in working alongside Indigenous circumpolar communities to visualize and communicate climate science.
Digital parenting divides: the role of parental capital and digital parenting readiness in parental digital mediation
Authors: Zhao Pengfei , Bazarova Natalie N , Valle Natercia 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This study investigates digital parenting divides, or how parents' strategies for regulating their children’s online activities differ based on their available resources and digital parenting readiness (i.e., digital parenting self-efficacy, attitudes, and knowledge). We conducted a survey of 530 parents that reflected the composition of the U.S. population to explore how parents’ resources and digital parenting readiness predict their digital mediation strategies. The results indicate that parents’ economic, social, and cultural resources, as well as their digital parenting readiness, play a significant role in how they approach digital mediation. Furthermore, digital parenting readiness has emerged as an underlying mechanism explaining the relationship between parental resources and parental mediation strategies. The presence of digital parenting divides highlights the need for tailored interventions to support parents in effectively using digital mediation strategies based on their family’s circumstances.
Sensors as media and sensor-mediated communication: an introduction to the special issue
Authors: Özkul Didem , Halegoua Germaine R , Wilken Rowan , Humphreys Lee 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This special issue examines mediated communication through the rise of sensors. Sensors are increasingly in the phones we carry, in the cars we drive, and throughout the homes and communities in which we live. In this introduction to the special issue, we define sensor-mediated communication (SMC) and argue the embedded, automatic, and datafied nature of sensors belie the glitches and biases in sensor mechanisms, networks, and infrastructure. The collection of articles in this issue explores SMC across a variety of contexts and cases, including municipal infrastructure, community, health, industry, and the domestic. They represent studies of voice assistants, self-tracking apps, self-driving cars, fitness games, home health care, as well as municipal sensor networks in urban, indigenous, and rural communities. Across them all we see the different ways through which mediated communication is initiated, transformed, and maintained by sensing technologies. Together they represent an important evolution in the study of computer-mediated communication.
Experimental research on the instability characteristics of the overlying strata structure that characterizes shallow interval goaf mining
Authors: Wang Bin , Zhang Jie , Qi Xiao Hua , Li Tong , Gao Shou Shi , Wang Li 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Here, we analyze the instability characteristics of the overlying strata structure that characterize shallow-depth seams under insufficient goaf in Yushenfu mining area. To simulate the No. 20107 longwall interval working face situated in Nanliang Coal Mine, physical simulation, an acoustic emission (AE) monitoring system, a stress acquisition system and a total station were used. The results indicate that during interval goaf formation, which is correlated with mining, the immediate roof collapses, and the main roof strata remains stable. Gradually, the stress that acts on the temporary coal pillar (TCP) gradually exhibits the ‘uniform increase–accelerated increase catastrophe instability’ change characteristics. Due to the concentrated load of the overlying strata, the bearing capacity of the TCP gradually deteriorates until the catastrophic instability occurs, and the unstable roof strata forms a ‘W-shaped voussoir beam’ structure. The research results provide evidence for the strata control that is associated with shallow-seam mining.
Definitive treatment for head and neck mucosal melanoma
Authors: Nomura Motoo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Head and neck mucosal melanoma is a rare clinical subtype of melanoma or head and neck cancer. Mucosal melanoma is aetiologically and molecularly distinct from cutaneous melanoma. The therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors for head and neck mucosal melanoma remains unclear. Surgery is considered as the mainstay of treatment for locally advanced head and neck mucosal melanoma, and adjuvant radiotherapy has a role in local disease control. New treatment modalities, such as targeted therapy and immunotherapy, have changed the treatment of cutaneous melanoma. However, patients with mucosal melanoma have been excluded from most Phase III clinical trials. Due to its rarity, outcome data for locally advanced head and neck mucosal melanoma are scarce and are mainly based on retrospective studies with limited case numbers. The objective of this review was to provide an update and overview of clinical trials, prospective observational studies and retrospective studies and discuss future directions for multimodal treatment of locally advanced head and neck mucosal melanoma.
OPtimal Treatment by Invoking biologic clusters in renal cell carcinoma (OPTIC RCC)
Authors: Beckermann Kathryn , Haake Scott , Reddy Anupama , Shyr Yu , Kimryn Rathmell W , Pal Sumanta , Ornstein Moshe , Barata Pedro , Zhang Tian , Rini Brian 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
The first-line treatment for metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mccRCC) includes immune oncology (IO) based combination therapy. The current standard includes a PD-1 inhibitor plus either an anti-CTLA-4 inhibitor (IO/IO) or an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (VEGF TKI) (IO/TKI). Currently, there is no evidence to guide a physician’s choice between an IO/IO versus an IO/TKI combination. The phase III IMmotion 151 trial performed RNA-seq from 823 ccRCC tumors and established seven biologically distinct gene expression clusters of ccRCC (Motzer and Rini et al., Cancer Cell 2020). The seven clusters showed differential responses to immune checkpoint inhibitor and may serve as a predictive biomarker to select clusters to assign patients with mccRCC to either an IO/IO (ipilimumab/ nivolumab) or an IO/TKI (nivolumab/cabozantinib) regimen.

Methods
Patients diagnosed with mccRCC without prior systemic therapy (including in the neoadjuvant or adjuvant setting) and at least one measurable lesion as defined by RECIST 1.1 are eligible for enrollment. RNA-seq will be performed on metastatic tumor specimens and used to assign tumor clusters. Patients with cluster 1/2 tumors will be assigned to the nivolumab/cabozantinib arm. Patients with cluster 4/5 tumors will be assigned to the ipilimumab/nivolumab arm. Cluster 3/6/7 will be excluded. The primary endpoint is overall response rate (ORR) per RECIST 1.1. Key secondary endpoints include progression-free survival, depth of response &gt;80%, and rate of immune-related adverse events (irAEs).
The hypothesis is that use of tumor clusters to assign front-line therapy to either nivolumab/cabozantinib or ipilimumab/nivolumab will lead to a 20% greater ORR compared to unselected historical controls in CheckMate 9ER (ORR 55%) or CheckMate 214 (ORR: 40%). This trial adopts Simon’s MiniMax two-stage design (power: 80%, one-sided alpha: 0.1). For the nivolumab/cabozantinib arm, stage I will enroll 12 eligible patients. If there are 7 or more responders in the first 12 patients, stage II will enroll an additional 14 patients (n=26). For the ipilimumab/ nivolumab arm, stage I will enroll 16 eligible patients. If there are 7 or more responders in the first 16, stage II will enroll an additional 12 patients (n=28). The primary endpoint will be met if there are 15 or more responders (ORR&gt;60%).
This trial is open and enrolling with 12 patients on study at Vanderbilt University Medical Center and additional sites to open including UT Southwestern, City of Hope, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, and Cleveland Clinic.
This trial is funded by the Department of Defense Kidney Cancer Research Program Clinical Trial Award (W81XWH-22-1-1033) (NCT05361720).
CDMRP DOD Funding: yes
Legume nodulation and nitrogen fixation require interaction of DnaJ-like protein and lipid transfer protein
Authors: Chen Dasong , Li Dongzhi , Li Ziqi , Song Yuting , Li Qingsong , Wang Lihong , Zhou Donglai , Xie Fuli , Li Youguo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The lipid transport protein (LTP) product of the AsE246 gene of Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus) contributes to the transport of plant-synthesized lipids to the symbiosome membranes (SMs) that are required for nodule organogenesis in this legume. However, the mechanisms used by nodule-specific LTPs remain unknown. In this study, a functional protein in the DnaJ-like family, designated AsDJL1, was identified and shown to interact with AsE246. Immunofluorescence showed that AsDJL1 was expressed in infection threads (ITs) and in nodule cells and that it co-localized with rhizobium, and an immunoelectron microscopy assay localized the protein to SMs. Via co-transformation into Nicotiana benthamiana cells, AsDJL1 and AsE246 displayed subcellular co-localization in the cells of this heterologous host. Co-immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that AsDJL1 interacted with AsE246 in nodules. The essential interacting region of AsDJL1 was determined to be the zinc finger domain at its C-terminus. Chinese milk vetch plants transfected with AsDJL1-RNAi had significantly decreased numbers of ITs, nodule primordia and nodules as well as reduced (by 83%) nodule nitrogenase activity compared with the controls. By contrast, AsDJL1 overexpression led to increased nodule fresh weight and nitrogenase activity. RNAi-AsDJL1 also significantly affected the abundance of lipids, especially digalactosyldiacylglycerol, in early-infected roots and transgenic nodules. Taken together, the results of this study provide insights into the symbiotic functions of AsDJL1, which may participate in lipid transport to SMs and play an essential role in rhizobial infection and nodule organogenesis.
Comparative Study of Post-Operative Analgesic Effect between Wound Site Infiltration and Bilateral U/S Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block with 0.25% Bupivacaine after Cesarean Section
Authors: Fahmy Adel Mikhail , El-basiony Yasir Ahmed , El-Sayed Abdalla Magdy Abdalla , Mohamed Mohamed Moien 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
The analgesic regimen needs to meet the goals of providing safe, effective analgesia, with minimal side effects for the patient, together with inhibition of trauma –induced nociceptive impulses.

Objectives
This study assessed the postoperative analgesic efficacy of transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block compared to local wound infiltration after cesarean section regarding the pain relief, effect on hemodynamics, requirement of first supplemental doses of analgesia and total number of doses received. All patients were informed with the procedure US guided TAP block and were trained to use the visual analogue scale (VAS).

Patients and Methods
The study was conducted on 90 randomly chosen patients aged 25 to 55 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class I or II scheduled for cesarean section surgery in Ain Shams University Hospitals after approval of the medical ethical committee. They were allocated in two groups of 45 patients each: TAP block Group: received general anesthesia and 20 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine on each side by midaxillary approach under ultrasound guidance. Local wound infiltration: received general anesthesia and with 0.25% bupivacaine 30 ml at surgical site.

Results
The results of the study revealed that the Patients who received TAP block had significantly lower pain scores for 12 h after operation and decreased total need of analgesic in first 12 h post-operative compared with patients who received wound infiltration.

Conclusion
Bilateral TAP block was effective in reducing postoperative pain scores for 12 hours and lower total 12 hours postoperative pethidine consumption after cesarean section under general anesthesia, compared to local wound infiltration. This technique can be a promising mode of postoperative analgesia where epidural catheter insertion is contraindicated.
Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of Treatment with Intravenous Lignocaine and Intravenous Granisetron in Prevention of Pain Due to Intravenous Injection of Propofol
Authors: El-Saied Ghada Mohamed Samir , El-Safty Omar Mohamed Taha , Mohamed Anas Khaled Abdel Moniem , Wahab Wael Abdel Moniem Mohamed Abdel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Propofol is today considered the most common intravenous drug for the induction of general anesthesia. It is a drug with Phenol structure whose common complication is pain at the injection site as well as low blood pressure.

Objective
Comparison of treatment with granisetron versus lignocaine with respect to improvement of pain induced by injection of propofol, in patient admitted for elective surgery under general anesthesia.

Materials and Methods
This study was carried-out for Comparison of treatment with granisetron versus lignocaine with respect to improvement of pain induced by injection of propofol, in patient admitted for elective surgery under general anesthesia. This study was carried-out on 284 patients belonging to American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status (PS) 1 and 2, of either sex, aged 18–60 years, scheduled for various elective surgical procedures under general anesthesia. The patients divided into 2 groups; Group 1 that consist of 142 patients which received injection of intravenous propofol (1-2 mg/kg) after injection with 1 ml of 2% lignocaine. Group 2 consist of another 142 which received injection of intravenous propofol (1-2 mg/kg) after injection with 1 ml of 1 ml of granisetron (1 mg/ml).

Results
The demographic data (age, body weight, sex ratio), physical status and type of surgery are not differ significantly (P &gt; 0.05) among the two groups of this study. Our results on the heart rate, Systolic arterial blood pressure and diastolic arterial blood pressure showed no statistical significance after injection of lignocaine, granisetron and propofol at different points of time. The moderate and severe pain observed after different points of time from the injection of propofol can be reduced by injection of granisetron or lignocaine before propofol administration.

Conclusion
Our results concluded that, propofol commonly used as injection for induction of general anesthesia but it causes severe pain at the site of injection. For obtaining the best results and avoid the pain the patients must be received intravenous injection of granisetron or lignocaine. They can effectively reduce the severity of the pain resulted from propofol injection, granisetron is more effective for pain reduction than lignocaine.