bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Laser Shock Peening on Back Stress of Additively Manufactured Stainless Steel Parts
Authors: Over Veronica , Donovan Justin , Lawrence Yao Y. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This work studies the use of laser shock peening (LSP) to improve back stress in additively manufactured (AM) 316L parts. Unusual hardening behavior in AM metal due to tortuous microstructure and strong texture poses additional design challenges. Anisotropic mechanical behavior complicates application for mechanical design because 3D printed parts will behave differently than traditionally manufactured parts under the same loading conditions. The prevalence of back-stress hardening or the Bauschinger effect causes reduced fatigue life under random loading and dissipates beneficial compressive residual stresses that prevent crack propagation. LSP is known to improve fatigue life by inducing compressive residual stress and has been applied with promising results to AM metal parts. It is here demonstrated that LSP may also be used as a tool for mitigating tensile back-stress hardening in AM parts, thereby reducing anisotropic hardening behavior and improving design use. It is also shown that the method of application of LSP to additively manufactured parts is key for achieving effective back-stress reduction. Back stress is extracted from additively manufactured dog bone samples built in both XY and XZ directions using hysteresis tensile. Both LSPed and as-built conditions are tested and compared, showing that LSPed samples exhibit a significant reduction to back stress when the laser processing is applied to the sample along the build direction. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) performed under these conditions elucidates how grain morphologies and texture contribute to the observed improvement. Crystal plasticity finite element (CPFE) modeling develops insights as to the mechanisms by which this reduction is achieved in comparison with EBSD results. In particular, the difference in plastic behavior across build orientations of identified crystal planes and grain families are shown to impact the degree of LSP-induced back-stress reduction that is sustained through tensile loading.
Vane–Probe Interactions in Transonic Flows
Authors: Torre Antonino Federico Maria , Patinios Marios , Lopes Gustavo , Simonassi Loris , Lavagnoli Sergio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this article, a numerical investigation of the effect of a miniaturized five-hole probe downstream of a transonic low-pressure turbine vane row is presented. First, a numerical calibration of the probe was performed in uniform flow conditions, as is the case for any traditional calibration, for a wide range of Mach number, yaw angle, and pitch angle conditions. The effect of the probe on the general flow field throughout the turbine vane segments was then evaluated by performing a comparison between a setup with vanes only (no probe) and with vanes and probes. It was found that, as the probe traverses downstream the vane, the probe impact on the vane isentropic Mach number depends on the probe circumferential position. The highest impact was observed when the probe is located at the upper mid-passage (θ = 0.5), consisting of a relatively small reduction of the isentropic Mach number on the vane suction side of just 0.02. To assess the accuracy of the quantities “measured” by the probe, the probe-determined flow field was compared to the flow field of the vanes-only setup. A nonnegligible modification of the probe-determined local distributions of Mach number, yaw angle, and pitch angle is revealed with respect to the undisturbed flow. Further investigation involving stagnation point tracking showed that the artificial high circumferential variation of the yaw angle is not caused by a modification of the vane outlet flow angle, but is induced by nonuniform flow conditions downstream of the vanes. With knowledge of the above, a two-step correction is used to account for the effects of the nonuniformity of the flow, and its impact is evaluated on 2D and 3D flow regions. A significative effect of the correction was found on the probe-determined yaw angle, in which the difference from the vanes-only data was reduced to below 1 deg, except near the endwalls where larger discrepancies remain due to probe–endwall interactions. A shortfall of the correction was instead observed on the probe-determined Mach numbers. Finally, the pitch-wise averaged quantities were evaluated. It was observed that the highest differences between probe-determined and undisturbed data occur where radial gradients of total pressure are stronger and that the two-step correction had almost negligible impact on the pitch-wise averaged quantities.
Aerodynamic Performance and Leakage Flow in Turbine Cascades With Sweeping Jet Actuators
Authors: Chen Shaowen , Li Weihang , Yang Pengcheng , Liu Yueqi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In recent years, unsteady flow-control technology has been considered as more promising for reducing secondary flow loss in turbines. Sweeping jet actuators (SJAs), in particular, have steadily been used in turbomachinery to reduce loss due to their wide sweeping range. However, most of the preliminary studies were focused mainly on computational fluid dynamics calculations, with very few on wind tunnel experiments to verify the flow-control effectiveness. To fill this gap, an innovative attempt to investigate experimentally the influences of SJAs on the aerodynamic performance and leakage flow is presented in a high-pressure turbine cascade. Comparing SJAs and hole-type steady jet actuators (HSJAs), the influence on the tip leakage flow and the loss characteristics at various incidences and injection frequencies are discussed in detail. The results indicate that the SJAs effectively reduce the magnitude and extension of the leakage vortex and the passage vortex, and weaken the interactions between them. The loss at the cascade outlet drops by up to 10.3% when the jet flow of an SJA equals 0.2% of the inlet flow, which is significantly better than that with an HSJA (6.3%).
Circulating hemopexin modulates anthracycline cardiac toxicity in patients and in mice
Authors: Liu Jing , Lane Sarah , Lall Rahul , Russo Michele , Farrell Laurie , Debreli Coskun Melis , Curtin Casie , Araujo-Gutierrez Raquel , Scherrer-Crosbie Marielle , Trachtenberg Barry H. , Kim Jonghan , Tolosano Emanuela , Ghigo Alessandra , Gerszten Robert E. , Asnani Aarti 
Published: December 2022

Anthracyclines such as doxorubicin (Dox) are effective chemotherapies, but their use is limited by cardiac toxicity. We hypothesized that plasma proteomics in women with breast cancer could identify new mechanisms of anthracycline cardiac toxicity. We measured changes in 1317 proteins in anthracycline-treated patients (
n
= 30) and replicated key findings in a second cohort (
n
= 31). An increase in the heme-binding protein hemopexin (Hpx) 3 months after anthracycline initiation was associated with cardiac toxicity by echocardiography. To assess the functional role of Hpx, we administered Hpx to wild-type (WT) mice treated with Dox and observed improved cardiac function. Conversely,

Hpx
−/−

mice demonstrated increased Dox cardiac toxicity compared to WT mice. Initial mechanistic studies indicate that Hpx is likely transported to the heart by circulating monocytes/macrophages and that Hpx may mitigate Dox-induced ferroptosis to confer cardioprotection. Together, these observations suggest that Hpx induction represents a compensatory response during Dox treatment.
Dating of a large tool assemblage at the Cooper’s Ferry site (Idaho, USA) to ~15,785 cal yr B.P. extends the age of stemmed points in the Americas
Authors: Davis Loren G. , Madsen David B. , Sisson David A. , Becerra-Valdivia Lorena , Higham Thomas , Stueber Daniel , Bean Daniel W. , Nyers Alexander J. , Carroll Amanda , Ryder Christina , Sponheimer Matt , Izuho Masami , Iizuka Fumie , Li Guoqiang , Epps Clinton W. , Halford F. Kirk 
Published: December 2022

The timing and character of the Pleistocene peopling of the Americas are measured by the discovery of unequivocal artifacts from well-dated contexts. We report the discovery of a well-dated artifact assemblage containing 14 stemmed projectile points from the Cooper’s Ferry site in western North America, dating to ~16,000 years ago. These stemmed points are several thousand years older than Clovis fluted points (~13,000 cal yr B.P.) and are ~2300 years older than stemmed points found previously at the site. These points date to the end of Marine Isotope Stage 2 when glaciers had closed off an interior land route into the Americas. This assemblage includes an array of stemmed projectile points that resemble pre-Jomon Late Upper Paleolithic tools from the northwestern Pacific Rim dating to ~20,000 to 19,000 years ago, leading us to hypothesize that some of the first technological traditions in the Americas may have originated in the region.
Revised age and regional correlations of Cenozoic strata on Bat Mountain, Death Valley region, California, USA, from zircon U-Pb geochronology of sandstones and ash-fall tuffs
Authors: Schwartz Theresa M. , Souders A. Kate , Lundstern Jens-Erik , Gilmer Amy K. , Thompson Ren A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Basin analysis and tectonic reconstructions of the Cenozoic history of the Death Valley region, California, USA, are hindered by a lack of volcanic (tuff) age control in many stratigraphic successions exposed in the Grapevine and Funeral Mountains of California, USA. Although maximum depositional ages (MDAs) interpreted from detrital zircon U-Pb data may be a promising alternative to volcanic ages, arguments remain regarding the calculation of MDAs including, but not limited to, the number of “young” grains to consider (i.e., the spectrum of dates used to calculate the MDA); which grains, if any, should be ignored; which approaches yield results that are statistically rigorous; and ultimately, which approaches result in ages that are geologically reasonable. We compare commonly used metrics of detrital zircon MDA for five sandstone samples from the Cenozoic strata exposed on Bat Mountain in the southern Funeral Mountains of California—i.e., the youngest single grain (YSG), the weighted mean of the youngest grain cluster of two or more grains at 1σ uncertainty (YC1σ(2+)) and of three or more grains at 2σ uncertainty (YC2σ(3+)), the youngest graphical peak (YPP), and the maximum likelihood age (MLA). Every sandstone sample yielded abundant Cenozoic zircon U-Pb dates that formed unimodal, near-normal age distributions that were clearly distinguishable from the next-oldest grains in each sample and showed an apparent up-section decrease in peak age. Benchmarked against published K/Ar and 40Ar/39Ar ages and five new zircon U-Pb ages of ash-fall tuffs, our analysis parallels prior studies and demonstrates that many MDA metrics—YSG, YC1σ(2+), YC2σ(3+), and YPP—drift toward unreasonably young or old values. In contrast, the maximum likelihood estimation approach and the resulting MLA metric consistently produce geologically appropriate estimates of MDA without arbitrary omission of any young (or old) zircon dates. Using the MLAs of sandstones and zircon U-Pb ages of interbedded ash-fall tuffs, we develop a new age model for the Oligocene–Miocene Amargosa Valley Formation (deposited ca. 28.5–18.5 Ma) and the Miocene Bat Mountain Formation (deposited ca. 15.5–13.5 Ma) and revise correlations to Cenozoic strata across the eastern Death Valley region.
Ukraine’s Membership Application As a Trigger to Reform the EU Enlargement Policy
Authors: Kaveshnikov N. Yu. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The European Union’s successive enlargements had a qualitative impact on the nature of the integration organization, entailing changes in the agenda and priorities, institutions, and decision-making process and also changing the attitude of other international actors towards the European Union. The EU’s decision to grant candidate status to Ukraine reflects a fundamental change in the logic and goals of the enlargement policy and will have a strategic impact on the design of integration processes both within the EU and on its periphery. This article is devoted to two aspects of the ongoing changes: (1) the geopoliticization of the enlargement policy and (2) the further development of differentiation processes and the prospect for new forms of external differentiation (partial membership).
Wellbeing Discourses in an Environment of “Unsustainable Development”: Bridging the Past and the Future
Authors: Semenenko I. S. , Khaynatskaya T. I. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Recent developments in expert discourse regarding transformations of the welfare state and its future are discussed. The research field embraces international organizations’ visions and national strategic program documents of members of the Wellbeing Economy Governments partnership (New Zealand, Scotland, Iceland, Wales, and Finland), international rankings data, expert discussion papers, and research literature. The wellbeing economy model—the key focus in this discussion—is part of the sustainable development framework, and its advocates and supporters seek to contribute to the mainstream discourse on development. These models are now facing severe systemic limitations, due to emerging challenges in the context of resource scarcity and growing international and political tensions. Promoting universal models appears to be an unsustainable challenge; in an international environment of “unsustainable development,” a reference framework for development relies on a diversity of approaches to progress in wellbeing and on principles encompassing a dialogue culture and on responsible commitment.
EU Anti-Russian Sanctions (Restrictive Measures): Compliance with International Law
Authors: Voynikov V. V. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The EU sanctions policy against Russia began back in 2014 as a response to the aggravation of the crisis in Ukraine. In 2022, sanctions (restrictive measures) against Russia were significantly strengthened and acquired a large-scale and unpredictable character. The purpose of this article is to identify the essential characteristics of the EU anti-Russian sanctions and to determine the legal nature of the sanctions, as well as their compliance with international law. It is concluded that the unilateral EU sanctions, contrary to their purpose, are intended to punish Russia by causing maximum damage. International law does not forbid states and their associations to impose unilateral restrictive measures in the economic sphere if they are justified by security considerations. In this context, the verification of the validity of the EU sanctions should be assessed individually for each measure. The author believes that a number of EU restrictive measures taken against the Russian Federation go beyond the scope of the permissions established by international law. This is especially true regarding measures taken in 2022. Moreover, the practice of implementing the adopted restrictive measures is becoming increasingly sophisticated, indicating that the European Union and its individual members are abusing their position.
Transformation of Right-Wing Populism in Italy in 2018−2022: From Sovereignism to Patriotism
Authors: Alekseenkova E. S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The transformation of the discourse of right-wing populist parties in Italy from 2018 to 2022 is considered. Based on analysis of the discourse of the programs and electoral rhetoric of the parties the Brothers of Italy, the League, and Forward Italy, the author concludes that Italian right-wing populism is becoming more moderate, replacing the concepts of sovereignism with “patriotism and conservatism” and rejecting Euroscepticism. Although nationalism is still characteristic of the right-wing parties in Italy, it is changing: a legalist approach to migrants is gradually replacing the ethnocultural and socioeconomic approaches. Populism remains the basic strategy of the right-wing parties, but the role of the main “enemy” of the Italian people is shifting from the European bureaucracy to the domestic mainstream Center–Left (i.e., the Democratic Party). The authoritarianism of the right-wing populists has undergone the least change in terms of ideological content between 2018 and 2022, but its importance has increased with the growing public demand for political stability and the increasing personalization of politics. This article contributes to the study of the phenomenon of right-wing populism.
Associations between mental health and HIV status among sexual minority and heterosexual adolescents in Nigeria
Authors: Folayan Morenike Oluwatoyin , Oginni Olakunle , Ibigbami Olanrewaju Ibikunle , Philip Uma , Mfam Nserd Ntonoba , Mbam Chinedu , Ganyam Amos , Salem Agada A , Osuji Christopher , Bradley Cory , Lusher Joanne , Sam-Agudu Nadia Adjoa 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundWe aimed to determine associations between the mental health status of adolescents by self-reported sexual identity; and to determine associations between the mental health status of sexual minority adolescents living with and without HIV.MethodsThis cross-sectional study collected data from Nigerians aged 13–19 years old using an online survey. We collected information on dependent (sexual identity) and independent (presence of depressive symptoms, generalised anxiety disorder, suicidal attempt/ideation, HIV status) study variables. A multivariate regression model determined associations between the dependent and independent variables. A second multivariate regression model was developed to establish associations between HIV status among sexual minority individuals and the dependent variables. All models were adjusted for age, sex assigned at birth and education level.ResultsAmong 1247 respondents living in Nigeria, 497 (39.9%) identified as sexual minority individuals. Compared with their heterosexual peers, sexual minority adolescents had significantly higher odds of reporting depressive symptoms (adjusted OR (AOR): 5.54; 95% CI: 4.10 to 7.47; p<0.001), high general anxiety (AOR: 3.56; 95% CI: 2.64 to 4.79; p<0.001) and history of suicidal attempt/ideation (AOR: 2.95; 95% CI: 2.20 to 3.94; p<0.001). Sexual minority adolescents living with HIV had significantly higher odds of high general anxiety (AOR: 2.42; 95% CI: 1.21 to 4.84; p=0.013), while those with unknown HIV status had significantly higher odds of depressive symptoms (AOR: 3.82, 95% CI: 2.78 to 5.27; p<0.001), high general anxiety (AOR: 3.09; 95% CI: 2.29 to 4.17; p<0.001) and suicidal attempt/ideation (AOR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.22 to 2.24; p=0.001).ConclusionSexual minority adolescents reported poorer mental health status than heterosexual adolescents. Although there was no significant difference in the mental health status of sexual minority adolescents living and not living with HIV, sexual minority adolescents with unknown HIV status reported worse mental health than their HIV-negative peers. Sexual minority adolescents in Nigeria need comprehensive rights-based care that improves access to mental health services, and those with unknown HIV status may need both HIV and mental health screening and care.
How the Esther Network model for coproduction of person-centred health and social care was adopted and adapted in Singapore: a realist evaluation
Authors: Lim Esther Li Ping , Khee Giat Yeng , Thor Johan , Andersson Gäre Boel , Thumboo Julian , Allgurin Monika 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesThe Esther Network (EN) model, a person-centred care innovation in Sweden, was adopted in Singapore to promote person-centredness and improve integration between health and social care practitioners. This realist evaluation aimed to explain its adoption and adaptation in Singapore.DesignAn organisational case study using a realist evaluation approach drawing on Greenhalghet al(2004)’s Diffusion of Innovations in Service Organisations to guide data collection and analysis. Data collection included interviews with seven individuals and three focus groups (including stakeholders from the macrosystem, mesosystem and microsystem levels) about their experiences of EN in Singapore, and field notes from participant observations of EN activities.SettingSingHealth, a healthcare cluster serving a population of 1.37 million residents in Eastern Singapore.ParticipantsPolicy makers (n=4), EN programme implementers (n=3), practitioners (n=6) and service users (n=7) participated in individual interviews or focus group discussions.Primary and secondary outcome measuresOutcome data from healthcare institutions (n=13) and community agencies (n=59) were included in document analysis.ResultsSingapore’s ageing population and need to transition from a hospital-based model to a more sustainable community-based model provided an opportunity for change. The personalised nature and logic of the EN model resonated with leaders and led to collective adoption. Embedded cultural influences such as the need for order and hierarchical structures were both barriers to, and facilitators of, change. Coproduction between service users and practitioners in making care improvements deepened the relationships and commitments that held the network together.ConclusionsThe enabling role of leaders (macrosystem level), the bridging role of practitioners (mesosystem level) and the unifying role of service users (microsystem level) all contributed to EN’s success in Singapore. Understanding these roles helps us understand how staff at various levels can contribute to the adoption and adaptation of EN and similar complex innovations systemwide.