bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of Mannheim’s Peritonitis Index in Predicting Outcome of Peritonitis in Patients with Hollow Viscous Perforation
Authors: Akash Raya  , Aditya Prakash Yadav  , Sanjiv Kumar Shahi  , Binod Kr Rai  
Published: May 2023

INTRODUCTION
Peritonitis due to hollow viscous perforation is one of the common causes for emergency surgery requiring immediate surgical intervention. Scoring systems that provide objective descriptions of the patient’s conditions at speciﬁc points in the disease process aid our understanding of these problems. Hence this study is undertaken to study the effectiveness of Mannheim’s peritonitis index in predicting the outcome in peritonitis patient.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
This study was carried out in Department of Surgery of National Medical College and Teaching Hospital. A total of 44 patients with diagnosis of peritonitis due to hollow viscous perforation over period 2 years was included in this study. History and detailed clinical examination were performed as per the working proforma. Blood investigation was done. Data analysis was done using SPSS (Statistical Package for social sciences) version 25.
RESULTS
In this study 44 cases of peritonitis due to hollow viscous perforation were included. The mean age of patients was 38.16 ± 21.09 years. Abdominal pain and abdominal distension were most common presentation. MPI scoring system done in all patients depending on preoperative and intra-operative and patients were categorized into three categories, <21, 21 to 29, and >29 where 50% of patients had MPI less than 21, 25% of patient had MPI score 21-29 and 25% of patient had MPI score >29.
CONCLUSION
MPI scoring system is required to predict the outcome in peritonitis patients and whether the line of management taken is appro- priate or needs to be changed.
Evaluation of the Role of Potential Biochemical Markers to Assess The Severity of Hospitalized Patients With Covid 19: A Tertiary Hospital Care Study
Authors: Sundar Pandey  , Shrijana Chapagain  
Published: May 2023

INTRODUCTION
Coronavirus disease has become a universal health problem and has resulted in millions of hospitalization and deaths. Coronavi- rus is a multi-system infection predominantly affecting the respiratory system, resulting in various hematological and biochemical alterations reﬂected in various investigations. Multitudes of research establishing the role of biomarkers in coronavirus infection are ongoing globally. This study aimed at studying the common biochemical markers like CRP, LDH, and D-dimer to access the severity of the disease and hospital outcome.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
This was a retrospective cross-sectional study performed at a tertiary care hospital in western Nepal among RT-PCR-positive ICU patients who were ≥ 18 years for a period of six months (May 1 to October 30, 2020). Demographic, clinical, and laborato- ry data were collected from hospital records and the results were analyzed.
RESULTS
Among 110 admitted patients, 56 were females and 54 were males. The mean age of presentation was 56.5 years. Shortness of breath, cough, and fever were the main presenting complaints. CRP was high in 95% of patients, LDH in 94.5%, and D-dimer in 81.67% of patients. Mechanical ventilation was required in 19.9%, complications were observed in 67.27% and in-hospital mortality was 11.6%. The most common cause of death was acute respiratory distress syndrome.
CONCLUSION
Biomarkers like CRP, LDH, and D-dimer can be used for stratifying coronavirus disease patient’s severity and clinical outcome which may later be helpful in identifying risk patients and taking immediate actions in terms of treatment, care, and evaluation.
Training Workshop on Assessment for Faculty Members of Bilawal Medical College, Jamshoro: Feedback of Participants at New World Kirkpatrick' Model Level-2
Authors: Rano Mal Piryani  , Nudrat Zeba  , Suneel Piryani  , Abdul Ghani Soomro  
Published: May 2023

INTRODUCTION
Faculty training in understanding basics of assessment is among key tasks of medical school and faculty members. So, Bilawal Medical College Jamshoro, organized 1-day Training Workshop on Assessment in Medical Education. As feedback is necessary for bringing improvement in conducting such workshops in future, so, feedback from faculty participants was taken and evaluated at New-World Kirkpatrick' Model Level-2.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
This cross-sectional study was conducted utilizing self-administered questionnaire having 4-parts: 1) Demographics; 2) Retro-pre-questionnaire on knowledge and understanding about basics of assessment at Likert-scale 1-4 (1=not-understand; 4=completely-understand); 3) Retro-pre-questionnaire on participants’ conﬁdence on Likert-scale 1-4 (1=Not-conﬁdent, 4=Extremely-conﬁdent); and 4) Open-ended questions on strengths and areas for improvement. Data was analyzed for frequency and central tendency and mean of items of before and after participation compared using paired t-test. Open-ended questions’ data was examined manually.
RESULTS
Signiﬁcant improvement (p<0.001) in knowledge and understanding on items related to basics of assessment, such as difference between evaluation, assessment and research; fundamentals- why to assess, why assessment needed, what to assess, when to assess, how to assess; Miller’s Pyramid; curricular alignment; tools for assessment; blueprinting for assessment; developing blueprint; purpose of assessment; formative and summative assessment; utility, reliability and validity of tools; why multiple tools used for assessment; and criteria for effective assessment. The conﬁdence of participants signiﬁcantly enhanced (p<0.001) in developing blueprint and choosing tools for assessment.
CONCLUSION
Gain in participants knowledge and understanding related to basics of assessment was signiﬁcant and participants conﬁdence was signiﬁcantly enhanced in developing blueprint and choosing tools.
इन्द्रचोकको साँस्कृतिक सम्पदाको अध्ययन {The Study of the Cultural Heritages of Indrachok}
Authors: Rajopadhyaya Shreelochan 
Published: May 2023

लिच्छविकालमै विकास भइसकेको ग्राम क्षेत्रअन्तर्गत इन्द्रचोक पनि एक हो । इन्द्रचोकबाट ६ वटा विभिन्न टोल जाने बाटो छन् । यसै ६ टोलहरुको केन्द्रविन्दुका रुपमा इन्द्रचोकलाई मानिएको छ । इन्दचोकमै आकाश भैरव मन्दिर छ । आकाश भैरवलाई किराँती पहिलो राजा यलम्बरसँग जोडिएर हेरिन्छ । त्रेता युगमा महाभारत युद्धको समयमा यलम्बर युद्ध हेर्न गएका थिए । यलम्बरले युद्धमा पराजित हुने समूहको पक्षमा आफू लड्ने निर्णय लिए । श्रीकृष्णले महादेवको अंशरुपी यलम्बर कौरवको पक्षबाट युद्ध लड्दा पाण्डव पराजित हुने भयले यलम्बरको शिर छेडने गरे । यलम्बरको त्यहीँ शिर आकाश मार्ग हुँदै इन्द्रचोकमा पुग्यो । विहान भएकाले शिर भैरवको रुपमा परिणत भएको देखिन्छ । हिन्दु र बौद्धमार्गीहरुले आकाश भैरवलाई फरक–फरक रुपमा पूजा गर्दै आइरहेका छन् । हिन्दुहरुले भैरव र बौद्ध धर्म मान्नेहरुले अक्षोभ्य बुद्धका रुपमा आकाश भैरवलाई पूजा गर्छन् । इन्द्रचोकको मध्यभागमै कान्तिश्वर महादेव छ । यहीँ कान्तिश्वर महादेवबाट कान्तिपुर सहरको नामाकरण भएको देखिन्छ । इन्द्रचोकको सम्वन्धमा पूर्ण कलशका घडासँग जोडिएर अनुसन्धान गर्न सकिन्छ । इन्द्रचोकलाई नेपाल भाषामा वंघः भनिन्छ । यसै घडाबाट नै इन्द्रचोकको नाम रहन गएको हो । संस्कृतिको अध्ययन अनुसन्धान विधिको आधारमा संस्कृतिको अध्ययन गुणात्मक विधि अन्तर्गत पर्दछ । यस अनुसन्धान आलेखमा गुणात्मक अनुसन्धान विधि अवलम्बन गरिएको छ । यो अनुसन्धानमा नमूना छनोट गर्दा उद्देश्यमुलक नमूना छनोट गरिएको छ । जसमा अन्तर्वार्ता र सहभागी अवलोकन गरिएको छ ।
{There are 6 different roads from Indrachok. Indrachok is considered as the main point of these 6 tolls. There is Akash Bhairav temple at Indchok. Akash Bhairava is seen in connection with Yalambar, the first king of Kiranti. Yalambar went to fight the battle during the Mahabharata war in Treta Yuga. Yalambar decided to fight for the side of the defeated group in the war. When Lord Krishna came to know this, before Yalambar joined the Kauravas, he cut off the head of Yalambar, fearing that the Pandavas would be defeated. The belief persists that the same head of Yalambar reached Indrachok through the sky. In the morning, the head transformed into the form of Bhairav. Hindus and Buddhists have been worshiping Akash Bhairav ​​in different ways. Hindus worship Bhairava and Buddhists worship Akash Bhairava as Akshobhaya Buddha. There is Kantishwar Mahadev at the center of Indrachok. It seems that the city of Kantipur was named after this Kantishwar Mahadev. Purna Kalash is connected with Ghada in relation to Indrachok. Indrachok is called Wangha in Nepal Bhasa language. It is from this time that the name of Indrachok came to be. The study of cultural heritages is based on the qualitative research method. A purposive sample has been selected in this research and interviews and participant observation has been done in order to collect data}.
PELATIHAN PENINGKATAN MOTIVASI DAN KEPEMIMPINAN PADA GENERASI MUDA DENGAN MENELADANI TOKOH-TOKOH BESAR ISLAM
Authors: Nugroho Mahfud , Astuti Fitria Yuni 
Published: May 2023

<p>IPNU IPPNU merupakan salah satu organisasi diluar sekolah yang sumber daya manusianya sangat besar. Kebanyakan para kadernya adalah para santri dan anak sekolah umum. Hal yang paling penting bagi generasi muda adalah membangun karakter yang baik dan mengembangkan potensi dalam diri mereka. Organisasi IPNU IPPNU merupakan salah satu wadah yang bisa diharapkan dapat membantu membentuk karakter yang Islami dan adat istiadat bangsa Indonesia sekaligus sebagai sarana untuk mengembangkan potensi diri. Dalam organisasi pemuda ini perlu adanya pelatihan SDM supaya generasi muda memiliki karakter yang baik khususnya bagi para kader baru. Arahan, bimbingan dan motivasi perlu dilakukan secara intensif supaya mereka tahu kemana arah tujuan hidup mereka dan bagaimana menjalani kehidupan dimasa remaja supaya terarah kepada kegiatan yang bermanfaat. Tujuan dari pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah untuk memberikan pelatihan peningkatan motivasi dan kepemimpinan kepada kader baru IPNU IPPNU desa Ujungnegoro, Kandeman, Batang. Pelatihan ini diharapkan dapat memberikan motivasi untuk terus belajar dan berorganisasi supaya karakter yang baik dari setiap kader ini bisa terbangun dengan ditambah ilmu kepemimpinan yang harapannya setiap kader dapat menjadi pemimpin bagi diri sendiri dan orang lain. Metode pelaksanaan dalam pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah melalui pelatihan dengan metode ceramah dan alat peraga seperti foto para Tokoh-Tokoh pemimpin Islam. Hasil dari Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Ini pemahaman mengenai teori motivasi dan kepemimpinan disertai dengan tauladan dari para tokoh-tokoh besar Islam. </p>
PENGEMBANGAN E-COMIC MATERI RELASI DAN FUNGSI MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN REALISTIC MATHEMATICS EDUCATION (RME) UNTUK MEMFASILITASI PEMAHAMAN KONSEP
Authors: Faoziah Rohmah Nur , Azka Raekha 
Published: May 2023

<p align="left">Dalam mempelajari matematika tidak lepas dari pemahaman konsep karena pemahaman konsep merupakan salah satu dasar agar siswa dapat menguasai materi yang disampaikan oleh guru. Selain itu, pemahaman konsep matematika juga merupakan landasan penting dalam berpikir untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan matematika maupun dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Maka dari itu perlu dilakukan suatu perubahan dalam pembelajaran untuk membantu siswa memahami konsep matematika, salah satunya adalah dengan mengembangkan suatu media pembelajaran. Pada penelitian ini media pembelajaran yang dikembangkan ialah <em>E-Comic </em>Relasi dan Fungsi dengan menggunakan pendekatan <em>Realistic Mathematics Education </em>(RME) dengan tujuan untuk memfasilitasi pemahaman konsep pada kelas VIII SMP/MTs. Penelitian pengembangan ini menggunakan model pengembangan<em> </em>Borg and Gall yang dimodifikasi menjadi tiga tahapan, yaitu tahap pendahuluan, tahap pengembangan, dan tahap evaluasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan sampai tahap evaluasi yang meliputi penilaian, validasi, dan revisi produk. Penilaian dan validitas produk ini dilakukan oleh dua ahli materi dan dua ahli media. Produk yang dinilai oleh ahli materi diperoleh rata-rata skor keidealan sebesar 3,14 dengan kualifikasi Baik dan oleh ahli media diperoleh rata-rata skor keidealan 3,46 dengan kualifikasi Sangat Baik, sehingga produk dinyatakan valid. Dari hasil penilaian siswa melalui proses uji coba terhadap produk yang dikembangkan, diperoleh rata-rata skor secara keseluruhan sebesar 3,37 dengan kualifikasi Sangat Baik. Sehingga media pembelajaran <em>E-Comic </em>ini<em> </em>dikatakan praktis dan layak digunakan untuk memfasilitasi pemahaman konsep materi Relasi dan Fungsi. </p><p align="left"> </p><div> </div>
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN NUMERASI PADA TIPE KEPRIBADIAN EKSTROVERT DAN INTROVERT SISWA SMP
Authors: Yuzianah Dita , Darmono Prasetyo Budi , Fatkhiyah Hafidhah Nurul 
Published: May 2023

<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan numerasi pada tipe kepribadian ekstrovert dan introvert siswa SMP. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Subjek penelitian ini yaitu 3 siswa dengan tipe kepribadian ekstrovert dan 2 siswa dengan tipe kepribadian introvert. Teknik pengampilan subjek yang digunakan adalah teknik purposive sampling. Pemilihan subjek dilakukan dengan menggunakan tes setara PISA konten ruang dan bentuk (space and shape) yang didasarkan pada hasil jawaban dari tes EPI dengan tujuan untuk mengelompokan siswa yang memiliki tipe kepribadian ekstrovert dan introvert. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan tes EPI, tes setara PISA konten space and shape, catatan lapangan, dan wawancara. Teknik analisis data menggunakan tiga tahap yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Uji validitas dalam penelitian ini adalah uji kredibilitas dengan triangulasi teknik yaitu tes, catatan lapangan, dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: (1) Kemampuan numerasi siswa ekstrovert mampu mencapai semua indikator pada level 1 dan level 2. (2) Kemampuan numerasi siswa introvert mampu mencapai semua indikator pada level 1 sampai dengan level 4.</p>
Studi Kejadian Ikutan Pasca Imunisasi (KIPI) Vaksin Covid-19 Pada Pelajar Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Bojong I
Authors: Efendi Jamaludin Al Jamaludin , Fitria Sukma Eka 
Published: May 2023

<p><em>The vaccination program that was intensified by the government for students aged 16-18 years aims to support the preparation for the implementation of limited Face-to-face Learning (PTM) in the regions. Although the vaccines used in Indonesia in the national immunization program are declared safe and effective, there is no single type of vaccine that is guaranteed to be free of side effects or AEFI (Post Immunization Adverse Events)</em><em>. Therefore, this study is being conducted to find out whether there are AEFIs that occur a lot in the Covid-19 vaccine in students in the Bojong I Health Center Work Area</em><em>. This research method uses an observational analytic research method by collecting data using a questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability then data is collected from respondents via google form which is validated via whatsapp, after the data is obtained then univariate analysis is carried out with IBM SPSS version 25 Result : The results showed that there were 135 students who lived in the working area of the Bojong I Health Center aged 16-18 years who had received a phase 2 vaccine dose. The most common AEFIs were muscle pain with the first order occurring in the Moderna vaccine as many as 14 students with 63.63% , the two Pfizer vaccines were 6 students with 42.85%, the three Sinovac vaccines were 32 students with 36.78%, and finally the AstraZeneca vaccine was 14 students with 33.33%, the most common AEFI that occurred next was weakness/sluggishness with the first order occurred in the Moderna vaccine as many as 11 students with 50%, the second Sinovac vaccine with 35 students with 40.22%, the third Pfizer with 5 students with 35.71%, and finally AstraZeneca with 2 students 16.66%</em><em>.</em></p><p> </p><p> </p>
Artificial Intelligence: Its purpose
Authors: Wulf Betancourt Erico Ernesto 
Published: May 2023

Artificial Intelligence is getting more atention as the fields of working with it speed up. More aplications cames along as its potential is still unfolding in the initial stage of further development. Therefore, a lot of questions arise at the same time the implications of Artificially intelligence are in unknown territory. Thus, this article explores some issues close to what may be considered the fundaments of AI. Which is its purpose?. its limitations, Branch and aplications, different kind of AI models, its scope and implications. A preliminary conclusión could be that AI has strenght and weakness, with the later as the one to get more intense scrutiny.
An Analysis of the Humanistic Quality of Modern and Contemporary Literary Works from the Perspective of Reading — Taking "The New Year's Sacrifice" as an Example
Authors: Li Ze 
Published: May 2023

Modern and contemporary Chinese literature, rooted in the soil of the development of modern and contemporary Chinese society, is in an era of extreme turbulence and change, which makes modern and contemporary Chinese literature full of innovation in writing skills and other artistic techniques, and at the same time, extends extremely rich ideological content and humanistic qualities. Taking Lu Xun's "The New Year's Sacrifice" as an example to analyze the humanistic quality of modern and contemporary literary works is conducive to further exploring the new vision of high school Chinese reading under the core quality, so that readers can obtain the improvement of literacy in reading teaching.
The Muallaqat of Imru' al-Qays: The Lost Kingdom and the Alternative Victory
Authors: Abbas Ass. Prof. Dr. Haider Fadel 
Published: May 2023

The Muallaqat are the most famous of the pre-Islamic poetry that reached us, the most versed, the most complete in structure, and the farthest in impact. These muallaqat that we inherited from the pre-Islamic era were not without precedent. Rather, they are a mature end to the initial attempts that preceded and led to them. Poetry in its purest form. It exceeded the scope of admiration and imitation until it became a present text - even if it was absent - in the Code of Arab Poetry. And her poets won this prestige among their peers among the poets of the pre-Islamic era, and Imru’ al-Qais’ commentary is the mediator of the contract, as its owner was the first of the first class among all scholars and critics of Arabic poetry.
Imru' al-Qays's mu'allaqa has accomplished itself outside the limits of time and space, and within the circle of eternity, as it is the genius that keeps its secret.
The apparent structure of Imru’ al-Qais tells that it does not address a specific topic, but rather its verses are distributed in different scenes: the scene of ruins, the scene of storytelling, the scene of the night of tragedy, the scene of the horse, and the scene of rain and torrential rain. However, critical reflection on its inner worlds reveals that these scenes, despite their plurality, lead to their deep structure, which is concentrated in the poet's defense of his grieving self, due to the loss of his possession and that of his father. Therefore, his flirtatious pride and extraordinary chivalry were his alternative victory, so that the end of the battle remains suspended between the vanquished reality and the victorious imagination.
The role of the deputies of Al-Muntafiq in the Iraqi Constituent Assembly in 1924 AD
Authors: Ass. Prof. Dr. Muslim Awadh Kamel  
Published: May 2023

After the events that occurred in the international arena, especially after the First World War, and what happened to those results, at a time when Britain began drawing a new policy at the level of the Arab region, especially in Iraq, and in the midst of those events and during the formation and establishment of the Iraqi government, as the category invested The Iraqi female intellectual participates in national events by showing her attitudes towards the country, thus strengthening her social and political position among the majority of the people.
And at a time when the positions of these people varied, the national category of the Iraqi people varied between support and rejection or turning a blind eye to what was happening in terms of events, as it became a milestone through the exchange of ideas and dialogue adopted by this class and in the atmosphere of democracy whose features became clear through the difference of points of view. divergent.
And after the issuance of the Royal Decree on October 29, 1922, to proceed to the election of the Iraqi Constituent Assembly, and after holding those elections, the elected deputies of Al-Muntafiq had a clear role in discussions and giving views and interventions that varied through the ideas and propositions of these deputies, and in light of that we decided to research this topic through Our research marked (the role of the deputies of the Muntafiq in the Iraqi Constituent Assembly 1924), which was divided into three sections. To the most important findings of the research results.
Forms of Discrimination against Woman in Selected Iraqi Proverbs: A Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors: Badr Lecturer. Huda Hadi 
Published: May 2023

The present study investigates discrimination against a woman in the light of critical discourse analysis (CDA) in selected Iraqi proverbs, specifically those used in Baghdad and Basra. It aims to find out the ideological themes implied in the said proverbs about a woman. The significance of this study is to show the different forms of discrimination against a woman in the these proverbs. The proverbs indicating forms of discrimination against a woman are collected from three important reference books, namely, Aldileeshy(1968), Al-Hanafi (1962), Al-Hanafi (1964) in addition to some proverbs taken from Al-Zubaidi (2019). The proverbs selected for this study are analyzed according to their interpretation in the reference books in which they occur. Moreover, these proverbs are selected on the basis that they seem to have not been tackled from the perspective of CDA. Furthermore, to detect the ideological themes implied in the aforementioned proverbs, a qualitative approach is used. In addition, thirty four proverbs are selected and only nine examples are analyzed to reveal the sexist ideologies whether in the structure or the structure and the function of the previously mentioned proverbs. The findings reached at in the present study include the following forms of discrimination against a woman: hating the birth of a girl child, vilifying a woman, violating her, discriminating against her in terms of gender affinity, marital status and beauty, woman inferiority to a man and undervaluing a woman's work. Additionally, most of the proverbs selected convey discriminatory concepts against a woman through the structure and the function whereas a few of them convey such concepts through the structure only. Further, only one proverb referring to discrimination against a woman through the function occurs.
ЗАГАЛЬНОЄВРОПЕЙСЬКІ РЕКОМЕНДАЦІЇ ЩОДО АКАДЕМІЧНОЇ ДОБРОЧЕСНОСТІ В УМОВАХ ІНТЕГРАЦІЇ ВІТЧИЗНЯНОЇ ОСВІТИ ДО ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО ОСВІТНЬОГО ПРОСТОРУ
Authors: Джурило Аліна 
Published: May 2023

Проаналізовано основні документи ЄС щодо політики академічної доброчесності (Бухарестська декларація, Керівництво для інституційних Кодексів етики в галузі вищої освіти, Паризьке комюніке). Визначено загальні тенденції розвитку академічної чесності, що характерні для університетів Європи. Сформульовано загальноєвропейські рекомендації щодо дотримання академічної доброчесності на національному, інституційному та особистісному рівнях.