bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antifeedant and insecticidal effects of alfalfa saponins in the management of the Japanese beetle Popillia japonica
Authors: Iovinella Immacolata , Barbieri Francesco , Biazzi Elisa , Sciandra Chiara , Tava Aldo , Mazza Giuseppe , Marianelli Leonardo , Cini Alessandro , Roversi Pio Federico , Torrini Giulia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPopillia japonica is a quarantine pest of priority interest for the EU, given its potentially important economic, social and environmental impacts. Alternative strategies to chemical methods are essential to limit its spread in newly infested areas with favourable climatic and environmental conditions. Saponins are biologically active molecules widely distributed in plants, displaying a well‐known repellent activity combined with a mortality effect against insects. In this context, saponins were extracted from alfalfa Medicago sativa, where medicagenic and zanhic acid glycosides and Soyasaponin I were the most abundant compounds and used in the laboratory and semi‐field experiments for treating leaves of susceptible host plants for P. japonica. Under laboratory conditions, a food deterrence effect and a significant mortality rate were observed using Corylus avellana leaves treated at increasing saponin concentrations, ranging from 1% to 5% w/v. Semi‐field condition experiment supported the food deterrence effect, as a significant food preference was observed for untreated plants of Vitis vinifera compared to treated plants. The promising results obtained suggest that alfalfa saponins could represent a potential eco‐friendly approach for Japanese beetle control.
Encapsulation of atomized erythrocytes in liposomes as source of heme iron for oral supplementation strategies
Authors: Valdés Fabrizzio , Carrillo Raúl , Campos Francisca , Sáenz Leonardo , Valenzuela Carolina 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis work aimed to develop and characterize liposomes of atomized bovine erythrocytes (ABE‐liposomes) for potential use as a heme iron supplement or to fortify food with heme iron. Soy lecithin (SL) and Tween 80 (T80) were chosen to prepare empty liposomes (8 types), and ABE‐liposomes (16 types) by a rotary‐evaporated film method. Variables of interest for our study were: ABE concentration, proportion of SL:T80 and ultrasonic bath time. ABE‐liposomes were characterized according to appearance, color, morphology, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), size, zeta potential, total iron content, encapsulation efficiency (EE) and in vitro iron release under gastrointestinal conditions. ABE‐liposomes presented a brown color and spherical shape. Hydrogen bridges were the main interactions in ABE‐liposomes. Their size ranged from 379 to 964 nm, the zeta potential from −56 to −74 mV, the iron concentration range was 0.8–9.0 mg/100 mL, and EE ranged from 29% to 48%. Ultrasonic bath time was the most important variable on the reduction of ABE‐liposomes' size and EE. Under in vitro gastrointestinal conditions, iron release from ABE‐liposomes occurred mainly at the intestinal level. In conclusion, ABE‐liposomes were effectively developed, which could become a complement for supplementation or food fortification strategies with nonheme for the prevention of iron deficiency anemia.Practical ApplicationsIn this study atomized bovine erythrocytes (ABE)‐liposomes were developed, due to the: (1) lack of supplements or products to fortify foods based on heme iron, (2) higher bioavailability of heme iron than nonheme iron, especially when working with ABE, and (3) ABE is a low value‐added product that is generated in slaughter plants and in turn is an excellent source of underutilized heme iron. In this study it was possible to develop ABE‐liposomes, where ABE was encapsulated inside liposomes, obtaining a product that could be used as a complement in iron supplementation strategies or food fortification to prevent or treat iron deficiency or iron deficiency anemia, especially in developing countries that have low consumption of heme iron.
Portrayals of older adults in over 3000 films around the world
Authors: Ng Reuben , Indran Nicole , Yang Wenshu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundPresently, most film analyses related to older adults are peculiar to American cinema. However, film industries outside the United States are influential in their own right. As ageism is a pan‐cultural phenomenon, it is important to explore filmic representations of older persons globally. This study is the first to offer a portrait of how filmic portrayals of older persons differ across regions.MethodsWe leveraged a 200‐million‐word movie corpus comprising over 25,000 scripts from 88 countries in 11 regions. The movies span a period of nearly 90 years, from 1930 to 2018. We identified synonyms of “older adult(s)” and compiled the top descriptors that co‐occurred most frequently with them. Seventeen thousand five hundred and eight descriptors were generated from 3384 movies. Using these descriptors, we calculated the valence of filmic portrayals of older adults on a scale of 1 (most negative) to 5 (most positive) in each region.ResultsPositive representations of older adults in movies were lacking in all 11 regions. Four regions fell into the neutral zone and the remaining seven in the negative zone. Representations of older persons were the least negative in East Asia and South Asia, and most negative in Southeast Asia as well as the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Our topic modeling revealed that older adults were portrayed as venerable in both South and East Asia. Meanwhile, older people were associated with death in MENA. The idea that society is ill‐equipped to handle an aging population was hinted at in Southeast Asia.ConclusionsAs societies worldwide navigate a major demographic turning point, it is vital that filmmakers rethink portrayals of old age. In articulating the filmic narratives surrounding old age in different regions, our study lays the foundation to combat ageism on the big screen.
Working memory training in children with neurodevelopmental disorders and intellectual disabilities, the role of coaching: A double‐blind randomised controlled trial
Authors: Roording‐Ragetlie S. L. , Pieters S. , Wennekers E. , Klip H. , Buitelaar J. , Slaats‐Willemse D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundWorking memory training (WMT) can offer therapeutic benefits to patients with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) and mild to borderline intellectual disability (MBID). However, consistent evidence for treatment benefits of WMT over placebo training is missing. So far, participants in double‐blind research designs did receive non‐specific coaching, whereas active coaching based on individual training results might increase the efficacy of WMT. Furthermore, the intensity and duration of WMT is often too stressful for these children. This study therefore investigated whether a less intensive but more prolonged WMT, with active personalised coaching and feedback, would reduce behavioural symptoms and improve neurocognitive functioning and academic achievements in children with NDD and MBID.MethodA double‐blind randomised controlled trial in children (aged 10;0–13;11) with MBID (60 < IQ < 85) and ADHD and/or ASD evaluated the effects of a less intensive but prolonged version of the original Cogmed WMT (30 min a day, 4 days a week, 8 weeks in total). Eighteen participants received active, personalised coaching and feedback, based on their actual individual performance during training. Twenty‐two received general non‐personalised coaching for the same amount of time. Executive functioning, academic achievements and several behavioural measurements were administered, before and after training, with a 6‐months follow‐up.ResultsWe observed a significant effect of time on both primary and secondary outcome measures, indicating that all children improved in working memory performance and other neurocognitive and academic outcomes. The interaction between time and group was not significant.DiscussionThis study was unable to document superior effects of active personalised coaching and feedback compared with general non‐personalised coaching and no feedback in an adaptive WMT in children with MBID and NDD. The objectively documented changes over time suggest that for these vulnerable children, a regular, structured and structural contact with a coach and adapted exercises is enough to develop therapy fidelity, boost motivation and improve neurodevelopmental task performance. Further research is needed to examine which possible subgroups within this heterogenic group of children profit more from WMT compared with other subgroups.
Does workplace violence affect healthcare workers' turnover intention?
Authors: Liang Leilei , Wang Zhi , Hu Yueyang , Yuan Tongshuang , Fei Junsong , Mei Songli 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to explore the association between workplace violence and turnover intention among Chinese healthcare workers and explore the role of gender as a moderator in this relation.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey recruited 692 healthcare workers from a single center in a Chinese province. The content included a questionnaire regarding workplace violence, authoritarian leadership, and turnover intention. The moderated mediation effects were analyzed using the PROCESS tool in SPSS and bootstrap method was used to extract 5000 samples to estimate the 95% confidence interval of each effect.ResultsThe results indicated that the effect of workplace violence on turnover intention was mediated by authoritarian leadership. In addition, gender moderated the association between authoritarian leadership and turnover intention.ConclusionsHealthcare worker managers should establish a workplace violence intervention system and change the leadership style of direct leaders to reduce healthcare workers' turnover intention.
Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease mediates the effect of obesity on arterial hypertension
Authors: Pirola Carlos J. , Sookoian Silvia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundIt has been consistently shown that obesity contributes directly to arterial hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD), independently of other risk factors. Likewise, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is acknowledged as a contributor and a risk enhancer for CVD.ObjectivesWe tested the hypothesis of a causal role of NAFLD in the effect of obesity on arterial hypertension.MethodsUsing causal mediation analysis, we quantified the magnitude of the body mass index (BMI) effect on arterial hypertension and CV‐traits mediated by NAFLD. First, we analysed data from 1348 young adults in the Bogalusa Heart Study (BHS), a cohort aimed at assessing the natural history of CVD. Then, we used data from 3359 participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2017–2018 cycle, NHANES) to replicate the findings.ResultsWe found that roughly 92% of the effects of BMI on arterial hypertension in the BHS and 51% in the NHANES population are mediated by NAFLD. In addition, indirect effects of BMI on systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, and heart rate (HR) through NAFLD explained up to 91%, 93%, and 100% of the total effect, respectively, in the BHS. In the NHANES survey, indirect effects of BMI through NAFLD on CV traits explain a significant proportion of the total effects (SBP = 60.4%, HR = 100%, and pulse pressure = 88%).ConclusionNAFLD mediates a substantial proportion of the effect of obesity on the presence of hypertension and CV‐parameters independently of relevant covariates. This conclusion has implications for clinical management.
Preface to the 9th Biennial COAST Conference: Harnessing Technology and Biomedicine for Personalized Orthodontics
Authors: Frazier‐Bowers S. A. , Allareddy V. , Rengasamy Venugopalan S. , Lamani E. , Vora S. R. , Kapila S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe Consortium on Orthodontic Advances in Science and Technology (COAST) convened for its 9th biennial conference titled ‘Harnessing Technology and Biomedicine for Personalized Orthodontics’ to explore cutting‐edge craniofacial research towards building the foundations for precision care in orthodontics.Setting and Sample PopulationSeventy‐five faculty, scholars, private practitioners, industry, residents and students met at the UCLA Arrowhead Lodge on 6–9 November 2022 for networking, scientific presentations and facilitated discussions. Thirty‐three speakers provided state‐of‐the‐art, evidence‐based scientific and perspective updates in craniofacial and orthodontic‐related fields. The overall format included an Education Innovation Award Faculty Development Career Enrichment (FaCE) workshop focused on faculty career development, three lunch and learns, keynote or short talks and poster presentations.Material and MethodsThe 2022 COAST Conference was organized thematically to include (a) genes, cells and environment in craniofacial development and abnormalities; (b) precision modulation of tooth movement, retention and facial growth; (c) applications of artificial intelligence in craniofacial health; (d) precision approaches to Sleep Medicine, OSA and TMJ therapies; and (e) precision technologies and appliances.ResultsThe collective advances in orthodontics and science represented in the manuscripts of this issue fulfil our goal of laying solid foundations for personalized orthodontics. Participants elevated the need for stronger industry‐academic research partnerships to leverage knowledge gained from large datasets with treatment approaches and outcomes; systematizing the potential of big data including through multi‐omics and artificial intelligence approaches; refining the genotype: phenotype correlation to create biotechnology that will rescue inherited dental and craniofacial defects; evolving studies of tooth movement, sleep apnoea and TMD treatment to accurately measure dysfunction and treatment successes; and maximizing the integration of newer orthodontic devices and digital workflows.ConclusionsTechnological advances combined with those in biomedicine and machine learning are rapidly changing the delivery of health care including that in orthodontics. These advances promise to lead to enhanced customization, efficiencies and outcomes of patient care in routine orthodontic problems and in severe craniofacial problems, OSA and TMD.
Drivers of intra‐seasonal δ13C signal in tree‐rings of Pinus sylvestris as indicated by compound‐specific and laser ablation isotope analysis
Authors: Rinne‐Garmston Katja T. , Tang Yu , Sahlstedt Elina , Adamczyk Bartosz , Saurer Matthias , Salmon Yann , Carrasco María del Rosario Domínguez , Hölttä Teemu , Lehmann Marco M. , Mo Lan , Young Giles H. F. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCarbon isotope composition of tree‐ring (δ13CRing) is a commonly used proxy for environmental change and ecophysiology. δ13CRing reconstructions are based on a solid knowledge of isotope fractionations during formation of primary photosynthates (δ13CP), such as sucrose. However, δ13CRing is not merely a record of δ13CP. Isotope fractionation processes, which are not yet fully understood, modify δ13CP during sucrose transport. We traced, how the environmental intra‐seasonal δ13CP signal changes from leaves to phloem, tree‐ring and roots, for 7 year old Pinus sylvestris, using δ13C analysis of individual carbohydrates, δ13CRing laser ablation, leaf gas exchange and enzyme activity measurements. The intra‐seasonal δ13CP dynamics was clearly reflected by δ13CRing, suggesting negligible impact of reserve use on δ13CRing. However, δ13CP became increasingly 13C‐enriched during down‐stem transport, probably due to post‐photosynthetic fractionations such as sink organ catabolism. In contrast, δ13C of water‐soluble carbohydrates, analysed for the same extracts, did not reflect the same isotope dynamics and fractionations as δ13CP, but recorded intra‐seasonal δ13CP variability. The impact of environmental signals on δ13CRing, and the 0.5 and 1.7‰ depletion in photosynthates compared ring organic matter and tree‐ring cellulose, respectively, are useful pieces of information for studies exploiting δ13CRing.
B‐Box proteins BBX28 and BBX29 interplay with PSEUDO‐RESPONSE REGULATORS to fine‐tune circadian clock in Arabidopsis
Authors: Yu Yingjun , Su Chen , He Yuqing , Wang Lei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAs an endogenous time‐keeping mechanism, the circadian clock benefits plant fitness and adaptation to the rhythmically changed diel environments. The key components within the core oscillator of plant circadian clock have been extensively characterised, however, the fine‐tuning circadian regulators are still less identified. Here, we demonstrated that BBX28 and BBX29, the two B‐Box V subfamily members lacking DNA‐binding motifs, are involved in the regulation of Arabidopsis circadian clock. Over‐expressing either BBX28 or BBX29 significantly lengthened circadian period, whereas loss‐of‐function of BBX28 rather than BBX29 displayed a modestly long period in free‐running condition. Mechanistically, BBX28 and BBX29 interacted with core clock components PRR5, PRR7 and PRR9 in nucleus to augment their transcriptional repressive activities. RNA‐sequencing analysis further revealed that BBX28 and BBX29 shared 686 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including a subset of known direct transcriptional targets of PRR proteins within core oscillator, including CCA1, LHY, LNKs and RVE8 etc. Intriguingly, PRR proteins can feedback repress BBX28 and BBX29 transcription by associating with their promoters. Together, our findings unmasked an exquisite mechanism in which BBX28 and BBX29 interplay with PRR proteins to fine‐tune the circadian pace.
Social justice attitudes of undergraduate nursing students: The impact of praxis
Authors: Doyle Beth A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundSocial justice is a foundational concept in nursing, yet studies on how best to impact change in nursing students’ attitudes toward social justice are few.ObjectivesThe intent of this work was to quantify the impact on attitudes of undergraduate nursing students toward social justice, after extended interactions with adults living in poverty.MethodsUndergraduate nursing students from three programs, university medical center, private university, and community college were given a validated survey of social justice attitudes before and after a clinical rotation with low‐income adults in an inner‐city neighborhood. All students did home social visits through the same social service agency. Students from the medical center were also involved with active care coordination for assigned clients.ResultsEach group showed significant increases in social justice attitudes following their experience. Students doing care coordination did not have significantly greater changes in overall scores but did show significant improvement in subtests others did not.ConclusionClinical opportunities placing nursing students in direct interaction with marginalized populations are recommended to increase social justice awareness.
Ring buckling and C=N isomerization pathways for efficient photoprotection in two nature‐inspired UVA sunscreens revealed through ultrafast dynamics and high‐level calculations
Authors: Cowden Adam M. , Losantos Raúl , Whittock Abigail L. , Peñín Beatriz , Sampedro Diego , Stavros Vasilios G. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSunscreens provide a frontline defense for our DNA against the damage caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The active ingredients in topically applied sunscreens that provide this defense are UV filters, which preferentially absorb or reflect UV radiation before it penetrates the skin and interacts with photosensitive nucleic acids. However, there are concerns related to human and environmental toxicity of current UV filters, and consequently a shift toward nature‐inspired, particularly microbial, UV filters. In this paper, new physical insight is provided into the fundamental mechanisms of photoprotection in two synthetic analogs of mycosporine‐like amino acid‐type UV filters, demonstrating new methods of protection that are distinct from those of current commercial sunscreens, extending previous work in this area. Transient absorption measurements (both transient electronic absorption spectroscopy and transient vibrational absorption spectroscopy) are combined with steady‐state studies and high‐level computational results to aid our mapping of the experimentally derived lifetimes to real‐time photodynamic processes. The conclusions reached here pave the way toward developing new and more efficient biomimetic DNA photoprotectant materials.
Adenocarcinoma arising in branchioma with a KRAS and TP53 mutation
Authors: Taniguchi Natsuki , Satou Akira , Ito Takanori , Nakaguro Masato , Tsuzuki Toyonori 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBranchioma is a rare benign neoplasm occurring in the lower neck. Occurrence of malignant neoplasms arising in branchioma is extremely rare. Here, we report a case of adenocarcinoma arising in branchioma. A 62‐year‐old man had a right supraclavicular mass measuring 7.5 cm in diameter. The tumor contained an adenocarcinoma component encapsulated in a benign branchioma component. The adenocarcinoma component consisted of high‐ and low‐grade components, with the former accounting for 80% of the adenocarcinoma. The high‐grade component was immunohistochemically characterized by diffuse strong p53 expression, while the low‐grade component and branchioma component were negative for p53. Targeted sequencing analysis for the branchioma and adenocarcinoma components revealed that the adenocarcinoma component harbored pathogenic mutations in KRAS and TP53. No definitive oncogenic drivers were detected in the branchioma component. Based on these immunohistochemical and molecular findings, we suggest that the KRAS mutation contributed to the pathogenesis of the adenocarcinoma, and the TP53 mutation played a key role in the transition from low‐grade to high‐grade adenocarcinoma.
Effect of sleep report feedback using information and communication technology combined with health guidance on improving sleep indicators in community‐dwelling older people: a pilot trial
Authors: Mo Wenping , Yamakawa Miyae , Takahashi Shimpei , Liu Xiaoji , Nobuhara Kodai , Kurakami Hiroyuki , Takeya Yasushi , Ikeda Manabu 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundThis study evaluated the preliminary effect of an integrated novel intervention comprising visualised sleep report feedback using information and communication technology and periodic health guidance on improving sleep indicators among community‐dwelling older people.MethodsThe intervention was implemented among 29 older people in Sakai City, Japan, in a 3 months pilot trial. Non‐worn actigraph devices were placed under participants' bedding to continuously measure their sleep state, and they received monthly sleep reports in writing. Sleep efficiency, total sleep time, sleep latency, and the number of times away from bed were recorded. A trained nurse expertly interpreted participants' sleep data and provided telephone health guidance. The first month's data were used as the baseline (T1), the second month provided data for the first intervention (T2), and the third month provided data for the second intervention (T3). Friedman tests and Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests were used to examine differences in sleep outcomes between different time points.ResultsParticipants' mean age was 78.97 ± 5.15 years, and 51.72% (15/29) were female. Comparison of T2 and T1 showed the intervention decreased participants' sleep latency at T2 (P = 0.038). Compared with T1, the intervention significantly decreased sleep latency (P = 0.004), increased total sleep time (P < 0.001), and improved sleep efficiency (P < 0.001) at T3. When T3 was compared with T2, only total sleep time was significantly increased (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the number of times away from bed across the three time points (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThis visualised sleep report feedback and periodic health guidance intervention for community‐dwelling older people showed promising, albeit small preliminary effects on sleep. A fully powered randomised controlled trial is required to verify the significance of this effect.