bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of branched-chain amino acids to lysine ratios in corn distillers dried grains with solubles containing diets on growth performance, plasma nitrogen profile, carcass traits, and economic analysis in growing–finishing pigs
Authors: Hong Jinsu , Clizer David , Cline Paul , Samuel Ryan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A study was conducted to identify the effects of standardized ileal digestible (SID) branched-chain amino acids (BCAA):lysine (Lys) ratios on the growth performance, plasma nitrogen (N) profile, carcass traits, and economic analysis of growing–finishing pigs fed diets with high corn distillers dried grains with solubles (cDDGS) inclusions. A total of 1,140 pigs (initial body weight [BW] = 28.7 ± 2.0 kg) were housed in 45 pens of 25 or 26 pigs and fed one of five diets in a randomized complete block design. Experimental diets were fed in four phases based on BW. Dietary treatments were a corn–soybean meal (SBM) based diet (PC), a corn–SBM-cDDGS-based diet (NC) with SID BCAA:Lys ratio of PIC (2020) recommendation and NC diets with SID BCAA:Lys ratios targeted for the 73% SID Val:Lys, 60% SID Ile:Lys, and 144% SID Leu:Lys during the growing phases (25 to 80 kg, Grow), targeted for the 78% SID Val:Lys, 70% SID Ile:Lys, and 160% to 170% SID Leu:Lys during the finishing phases (80 to 120 kg, finish), and both during the growing and finishing phases (Grow–Finish). One pig from each pen was bled at the end of 7 and 13 wk. After the 11-wk-feeding trial, pigs were sent to a commercial abattoir to investigate carcass traits. Pigs fed the Finish diet had a greater overall average daily gain (P &lt; 0.05) than pigs fed the other cDDGS diets. Dietary treatments did not affect the hot carcass weight. However, feeding the Finish diet increased (P &lt; 0.05) the iodine value of pork belly samples and decreased (P &lt; 0.05) carcass yield. The plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) concentration at the end of the growing phase and plasma concentrations of Leu and Val were greater (P &lt; 0.05) in pigs fed the Finish diet compared to the other cDDGS diets. Feeding pigs the cDDGS diets with different BCAA:Lys ratios had no difference in income over feed cost and income over feed and facility costs compared to the corn–SBM diet. Therefore, feeding pigs cDDGS diets with SID BCAA:Lys ratios adjusted for the previously determined finishing phase (from 80 to 120 kg of BW) recommendations by SBM inclusion supported growth performance and economic benefits equal to the corn–SBM diet.
Phylogeny of the microcormorants, with the description of a new genus
Authors: Kennedy Martyn , Salis Alexander T , Seneviratne Sampath S , Rathnayake Dilini , Nupen Lisa J , Ryan Peter G , Volponi Stefano , Lubbe Pascale , Rawlence Nicolas J , Spencer Hamish G 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The aptly named microcormorants (currently placed in the genus Microcarbo) form a morphologically diminutive and distinct clade sister to all other living cormorants and shags. However, the relationships within Microcarbo are largely speculative. Sequence data resolve these relationships unambiguously, with our phylogeny suggesting that the microcormorants separated from the other cormorants ~16 Mya and showing that the two African species [the reed (or long-tailed) cormorant, Microcarbo africanus, and the crowned cormorant, Microcarbo coronatus] are closely related sister taxa, forming a clade that diverged from the other microcormorants ~12 Mya. The deep split between the African microcormorants and the others is considerably older than many well-recognized generic splits within the cormorants (e.g. Leucocarbo and Phalacrocorax). Thus, we suggest that the African microcormorants warrant their own genus, and we erect Afrocarbo, with type species Pelecanus africanus. Within the reduced Microcarbo, we estimate that the little pied cormorant (Microcarbo melanoleucos of Australasia) separated from the sister pair of the Javanese and pygmy cormorants (respectively, Microcarbo niger from south/southeast Asia and Microcarbo pygmaeus from Europe) ~9 Mya and that the latter two species split ~2 Mya. Given the age of these splits, the microcormorants appear to represent another example of morphological conservatism in the Suliformes.
Migrainous infarction
Authors: Johnson Emily , Grosel John 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Migrainous infarction is a rare neurologic condition that stems from an ordinary migraine with aura, and can cause ischemic stroke in young women. The pathophysiology of migrainous infarction is not entirely understood. An aura that is similar to previous auras but lasts longer than 60 minutes, along with evidence of acute ischemia on MRI, are diagnostic of migrainous infarction. Treatment aimed at minimizing migraine with aura is the most important preventive measure clinicians can take to help patients avoid this complication of migraine.
Diagnostic Yield of Combined Lumbar Puncture and Brain MRI in Critically Ill Patients With Unexplained Acute Encephalopathy: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Nothem Meghan E. , Salazar Alan G. , Nanchal Rahul S. , Bergl Paul A. 
Published: June 2023

IMPORTANCE:
Critically ill patients frequently experience acute encephalopathy, often colloquially termed “altered mental status” (AMS); however, there are no consensus guidelines or criteria about performing lumbar puncture (LP) and advanced neuroimaging in medical ICU patients with unexplained encephalopathy.

OBJECTIVES:
We sought to characterize the yield of combined LP and brain MRI (bMRI) in such patients as determined by both the frequency of abnormal results and the therapeutic efficacy of these investigations, that is, how often results changed management.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:
Retrospective cohort study of medical ICU patients admitted to a tertiary academic center between 2012 and 2018 who had documented diagnoses of “AMS” and/or synonymous terms, no clear etiology of encephalopathy, and had undergone both LP and bMRI.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES:
The primary outcome was the frequency of abnormal diagnostic testing results determined objectively for LP using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings and subjectively for bMRI through team agreement on imaging findings deemed significant through retrospective chart review. We subjectively determined the frequency of therapeutic efficacy. Finally, we analyzed the effect of other clinical variables on the likelihood of discovering abnormal CSF and bMRI findings through chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression.

RESULTS:
One hundred four patients met inclusion criteria. Fifty patients (48.1%) had an abnormal CSF profile or definitive microbiological or cytological data by LP, 44 patients (42.3%) had bMRI with significant abnormal findings, and 74 patients (71.2%) had abnormal results on at least one of these investigations. Few clinical variables were associated with the abnormal findings in either investigation. We judged 24.0% (25/104) of bMRI and 26.0% (27/104) of LPs to have therapeutic efficacy with moderate interobserver reliability.

CONCLUSIONS:
Determining when to perform combined LP and bMRI in ICU patients with unexplained acute encephalopathy must rely on clinical judgment. These investigations have a reasonable yield in this selected population.
Comparison of clinical outcomes among total knee arthroplasties using posterior-stabilized, cruciate-retaining, bi-cruciate substituting, bi-cruciate retaining designs: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Sun Kaibo , Wu Yuangang , Wu Limin , Shen Bin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Backgrounds:
Despite the advent of innovative knee prosthesis design, a consistent first-option knee implant design in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remained unsettled. This study aimed to compare the clinical effects among posterior-stabilized (PS), cruciate-retaining (CR), bi-cruciate substituting (BCS), and bi-cruciate retaining designs for primary TKA.

Methods:
Electronic databases were systematically searched to identify eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies from inception up to July 30, 2021. The primary outcomes were the range of knee motion (ROM), and the secondary outcomes were the patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and complication and revision rates. Confidence in evidence was assessed using Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis. The Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed for synthesis.

Results:
A total of 15 RCTs and 18 cohort studies involving 3520 knees were included. The heterogeneity and inconsistency were acceptable. There was a significant difference in ROM at the early follow-up when PS was compared with CR (mean difference [MD] = 3.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.07, 7.18) and BCS was compared with CR (MD = 9.69, 95% CI 2.18, 17.51). But at the long-term follow-up, there was no significant difference in ROM in any one knee implant compared with the others. No significant increase was found in the PROMs and complication and revision rates at the final follow-up time.

Conclusions:
At early follow-up after TKA, PS and BCS knee implants significantly outperform the CR knee implant in ROM. But in the long run, the available evidence suggests different knee prostheses could make no difference in clinical outcomes after TKA with extended follow-up.
Description and Initial Evaluation of a Postdischarge Intervention to Support Transition of Care in Substance Use Disorder Treatment
Authors: Beyraghi Narges , Cuperfain Ari B. , Ghazavi Yasaman , Kaduri Pamela , Ling Sara 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
This paper describes an interdisciplinary outpatient service developed during the COVID-19 pandemic to support and ensure continuity of care for patients with substance use and concurrent mental health disorders.

Methods:
This service provides 2 weeks of intensive mental health and addiction support to patients recently discharged from the hospital. Here we describe the formation of the service, data on service utilization, and initial qualitative evaluation of the patient experience with this service.

Results:
Patients accessing this service had high rates of treatment engagement, with an average of 5.6 visits per patient, and were most commonly receiving treatment for alcohol (68.0%), stimulant (47.7%), and opioid (37.3%) use disorders. Patients reported positive experiences with the service, valuing the high frequency and low-barrier contact.

Conclusions:
Interdisciplinary teams providing brief and intensive interdisciplinary support to patients with substance use disorders after inpatient hospitalizations are feasible and well-received by patients.

Objectifs:
Cet article décrit un service ambulatoire interdisciplinaire mis en place pendant la pandémie de COVID-19 pour soutenir et assurer la continuité des soins pour les patients souffrant de toxicomanie et de troubles mentaux concomitants.

Méthodes:
Ce service offre deux semaines de soutien intensif en matière de santé mentale et d’addiction à des patients récemment sortis de hôpital. Nous décrivons ici la création du service, des données sur l’utilisation du service et l'évaluation qualitative initiale de l’expérience des patients avec ce service.

Résultats:
Les patients qui accèdent à ce service ont des taux élevés d’engagement dans le traitement, avec une moyenne de 5,6 visites par patient et reçoivent le plus souvent un traitement pour un trouble lié à l’usage d’alcool (68,0%), de stimulants (47,7%) et d’opioïdes (37,3%). Les patients ont fait part d’expériences positives avec le service, appréciant la fréquence élevée et les contacts à faibles barrières.

Conclusions:
Les équipes interdisciplinaires fournissant un soutien interdisciplinaire bref et intensif aux patients souffrant de troubles liés à l’utilisation de substances psychoactives après une hospitalisation sont réalisables et bien accueillies par les patients.
Efficacy, tolerability, and endometrial safety of ospemifene compared with current therapies for the treatment of vulvovaginal atrophy: a systematic literature review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Simon James A. , Ferenczy Alex , Black Denise , Castonguay Alex , Royer Catherine , Marouf Rafik , Beauchemin Catherine 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Importance
Ospemifene is a novel selective estrogen receptor modulator developed for the treatment of moderate to severe postmenopausal vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA).

Objective
The aim of the study is to perform a systematic literature review (SLR) and network meta-analysis (NMA) to assess the efficacy and safety of ospemifene compared with other therapies used in the treatment of VVA in North America and Europe.

Evidence Review
Electronic database searches were conducted in November 2021 in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Randomized or nonrandomized controlled trials targeting postmenopausal women with moderate to severe dyspareunia and/or vaginal dryness and involving ospemifene or at least one VVA local treatment were considered. Efficacy data included changes from baseline in superficial and parabasal cells, vaginal pH, and the most bothersome symptom of vaginal dryness or dyspareunia, as required for regulatory approval. Endometrial outcomes were endometrial thickness and histologic classifications, including endometrial polyp, hyperplasia, and cancer. For efficacy and safety outcomes, a Bayesian NMA was performed. Endometrial outcomes were compared in descriptive analyses.

Findings
A total of 44 controlled trials met the eligibility criteria (N = 12,637 participants). Network meta-analysis results showed that ospemifene was not statistically different from other active therapies in most efficacy and safety results. For all treatments, including ospemifene, the posttreatment endometrial thickness values (up to 52 wk of treatment) were under the recognized clinical threshold value of 4 mm for significant risk of endometrial pathology. Specifically, for women treated with ospemifene, endometrial thickness ranged between 2.1 and 2.3 mm at baseline and 2.5 and 3.2 mm after treatment. No cases of endometrial carcinoma or hyperplasia were observed in ospemifene trials, nor polyps with atypical hyperplasia or cancer after up to 52 weeks of treatment.

Conclusions and Relevance
Ospemifene is an efficacious, well-tolerated, and safe therapeutic option for postmenopausal women with moderate to severe symptoms of VVA. Efficacy and safety outcomes with ospemifene are similar to other VVA therapies in North America and Europe.
The association between menopausal hormone therapy and gastroesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Aldhaleei Wafa A. , Bhagavathula Akshaya S. , Wallace Michael B. , DeVault Kenneth R. , Faubion Stephanie S. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Importance and Objective
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic condition associated with several risk factors, but little is known about the association between hormone therapy (HT) and GERD in postmenopausal women.

Evidence Review
We investigated the association between ever or current menopausal HT use and GERD using a systematic review and meta-analysis. Studies published between 2008 and August 31, 2022, were pooled using a DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model, and outcomes were reported as adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with a corresponding 95% CI.

Findings
The pooled analysis of five studies found a significant direct association between estrogen use and GERD (aOR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.16-1.66; I
2 = 97.6%), and progestogen use and GERD (two studies: aOR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.15-1.64; I
2 = 0.0%). The use of combined HT was also associated with GERD (1.16; 95% CI, 1.00-1.33; I
2 = 87.9%). Overall, HT use was associated with 29% higher odds for GERD (aOR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.17-1.42; I
2 = 94.8%). The large number of pooled participants, differences in study design, geography, patient characteristics, and outcome assessment resulted in significant high heterogeneity.

Conclusions and Relevance
There is a significant association between ever or current HT use and GERD. However, the results should be interpreted with caution, given the small number of included studies and high heterogeneity. This warrants careful evaluation of GERD risk factors when prescribing HT to reduce the risk of potential GERD complications.
Effect of Tranexamic Acid on the Reduction of Blood Loss in Craniosynostosis Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Alabdulkarim Abdulaziz , Al Qurashi Abdullah A. , Odeh Nour B. , Hashemi Ammar S.A. , Arbili Lana M. , AlSwealh Maab S. , Shakir Malak N. , Banser Sultan M. , Sharaf Lina A. , Alkhonizy Sarah W. , AlBattal Nouf Z. 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Although many published studies have investigated the benefits of tranexamic acid (TXA) in reducing perioperative bleeding, no large meta-analysis has been conducted to demonstrate its overall benefit.

Methods:
A systematic review was performed by following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. PubMed, Cochrane, Ovid, Embase, Web of Science, ClinicalTraisl.Gov, and Scopus databases were searched for articles reporting the benefit of TXA in reducing perioperative bleeding in craniosynostosis surgery from establishment through October 2022. The results of our meta-analysis were pooled across the studies using a random-effects model, and presented as a weighted mean difference with 95% confidence interval (95% CI).

Results:
The database search yielded 3207 articles, of which 27 studies with a corresponding number of 9696 operations were eligible. The meta-analysis included only 18 studies, accounting for 1564 operations. Of those operations, 882 patients received systemic TXA, whereas 682 patients received placebo (normal saline), no intervention, low dose TXA, or other control substances. This meta-analysis demonstrated a significant beneficial effect of TXA in reducing perioperative bleeding, particularly when compared with other controlled substances, with a weighted mean difference of −3.97 (95% CI = −5.29 to −2.28).

Conclusions:
To our knowledge, this is the largest meta-analysis in the literature investigating the benefit of TXA in reducing perioperative blood loss in craniosynostosis surgery. We encourage implementing TXA-protocol systems in hospitals after the appraisal of the data presented in this study.
Cutaneous nerve fiber and peripheral Nav1.7 assessment in a large cohort of patients with postherpetic neuralgia
Authors: Fetell Michael , Sendel Manon , Li Thomas , Marinelli Leslie , Vollert Jan , Ruggerio Elizaeth , Houk George , Dockum Marilyn , Albrecht Phillip J. , Rice Frank L. , Baron Ralf 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The mechanisms of pain in postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) are still unclear, with some studies showing loss of cutaneous sensory nerve fibers that seemed to correlate with pain level. We report results of skin biopsies and correlations with baseline pain scores, mechanical hyperalgesia, and the Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory (NPSI) in 294 patients who participated in a clinical trial of TV-45070, a topical semiselective sodium 1.7 channel (Nav1.7) blocker. Intraepidermal nerve fibers and subepidermal Nav1.7 immunolabeled fibers were quantified in skin punch biopsies from the area of maximal PHN pain, as well as from the contralateral, homologous (mirror image) region. Across the entire study population, a 20% reduction in nerve fibers on the PHN-affected side compared with that in the contralateral side was noted; however, the reduction was much higher in older individuals, approaching 40% in those aged 70 years or older. There was a decrease in contralateral fiber counts as well, also noted in prior biopsy studies, the mechanism of which is not fully clear. Nav1.7-positive immunolabeling was present in approximately one-third of subepidermal nerve fibers and did not differ on the PHN-affected vs contralateral sides. Using cluster analysis, 2 groups could be identified, with the first cluster showing higher baseline pain, higher NPSI scores for squeezing and cold-induced pain, higher nerve fiber density, and higher Nav1.7 expression. While Nav1.7 varies from patient to patient, it does not seem to be a key pathophysiological driver of PHN pain. Individual differences in Nav1.7 expression, however, may determine the intensity and sensory aspects of pain.
Mechanisms of education and graded sensorimotor retraining in people with chronic low back pain: a mediation analysis
Authors: Cashin Aidan G. , Lee Hopin , Wand Benedict M. , Bagg Matthew K. , O'Hagan Edel T. , Rizzo Rodrigo R.N. , Stanton Tasha R. , Moseley G. Lorimer , McAuley James H. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
An improved understanding of the biopsychosocial influences that contribute to and maintain pain has promoted the development of new efficacious treatments for chronic low back pain (CLBP). This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of a new treatment—education and graded sensorimotor retraining—on pain and disability. We conducted a preplanned causal mediation analysis of a randomized clinical trial which allocated 276 participants with CLBP to 12 weekly clinical sessions of education and graded sensorimotor retraining (n = 138) or a sham and attention control (n = 138). Outcomes were pain intensity and disability, both assessed at 18 weeks. Hypothesized mediators included tactile acuity, motor coordination, back self-perception, beliefs about the consequences of back pain, kinesiophobia, pain self-efficacy, and pain catastrophizing, all assessed at the end of treatment (12 weeks). Four of 7 mechanisms (57%) mediated the intervention effect on pain; the largest mediated effects were for beliefs about back pain consequences (−0.96 [−1.47 to −0.64]), pain catastrophizing (−0.49 [−0.61 to −0.24]), and pain self-efficacy (−0.37 [−0.66 to −0.22]). Five of 7 mechanisms (71%) mediated the intervention effect on disability; the largest mediated effects were for beliefs about back pain consequences (−1.66 [−2.62 to −0.87]), pain catastrophizing (−1.06 [−1.79 to −0.53]), and pain self-efficacy (−0.84 [−1.89 to −0.45]). When all 7 mechanisms were considered simultaneously, the joint mediation effect explained most of the intervention effect for both pain and disability. Optimizing interventions to target beliefs about the consequences of back pain, pain catastrophizing, and pain self-efficacy is likely to lead to improved outcomes for people with CLBP.
Increased Mortality Associated With Disability Among Workers’ Compensation Claimants With Upper Extremity Neuropathy
Authors: Martin Christopher J. , Woods SueAnn , Bertke Stephen , Pinkerton Lynne , Jin Chuanfang 
Published: June 2023

Objective
The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare mortality after disabling and nondisabling occupational injuries.

Methods
Vital status was ascertained through 2020 for 2077 individuals with a workers’ compensation claim for upper extremity neuropathy in West Virginia in 1998 or 1999. Standardized mortality ratios compared mortality to the West Virginia general population. Hazard ratios (HRs) obtained from Cox regression models compared mortality among those with and without lost work time or permanent disability.

Results
Overall, the standardized mortality ratio for accidental poisoning deaths was elevated (1.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–2.68). All-cause mortality HRs and cancer HRs were elevated for lost work time (HR = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.93–1.28; HR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.09–2.08, respectively) and permanent disability (HR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.04–1.44; HR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.27–2.48, respectively).

Conclusions
Work-related disability was associated with broad elevations in mortality.