bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon Dioxide Huff and Puff as Environmentally Friendly Method for Enhanced Heavy Oil Recovery
Authors: Al-Rubaye Ameer H. , Ameen Hawzhen Fateh M. , Jasim Dheyaa J. , Al-Assal Jawad R. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Heavy oil and bitumen are making up approximately 70 percent of the remaining estimated hydrocarbon reserves. Many Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) methods such as chemical flooding, thermal recovery, gas injection, etc., were developed to make advances in the production of unconventional oil. Among all the variety of EOR methods, thermal recovery produces practically all of the heavy oil and bitumen among the various EOR methods. But at the same time, throughout its application, there are several disadvantages were revealed such as it is an expensive and not environmentally friendly process, heat loss in surface facilities and distribution lines, the efficiency is low after injection, increases in the extracted oil’s surface viscosity have caused polymerization reactions of free radicals created during the steam injection process, and the requirement for continuous steam injection is attempting to keep a hot oil-water interface at the front of the flow. For these reasons, the solvent-based non-thermal recovery method can be used to enhance heavy oil and bitumen recovery in unconventional reservoirs (thin or deep reservoirs) to prevent or reduce unwanted effects as described above. Toluene, carbon dioxide (CO2), ethane, propane, normal butane, and mixture solvents, among others, can be used as the injection solvent for the solvent-based non-thermal recovery method. That is why the researchers have concentrated on carbon dioxide as a solvent with Huff & Puff method to develop the production of heavy oil and bitumen to overcome all these negative issues because CO2 has several characteristics that make it an excellent option for this application. In this paper, the CO2 Huff and Puff method is reviewed. The CO2 Huff and Puff method’s viscosity reduction and oil swelling procedures have been the most significant factors in increasing heavy oil production. As a results, impacts of oil swelling at various temperatures and pressures as well as the viscosity reduction ratio with CO2 injection have been studied.
Measuring the Variability and Humidity of Apis mellifera Honeybee Hives by the Effect of some Ventilation and Indoor Fires During the Autumn Season Using a New System
Authors: Mohamed Maher Youssef , Mansor Mohammed Shakir 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted in the Al-Hadid-Baquba/Diyala governorate during the months of September, October and November of 2021 to increase ventilation and reduce the humidity inside the bee colonies by the use of ventilation holes and the addition of waterers to increase the thermal balance inside the hive. 24 Beehives were used in the experiment and divided into eight treatments. T1 control treatment (beehives with no ventilation holes and without waterers ), T2: Beehives containing waterers, T3, T4 and T5 Beehives contain one, two, and three ventilation holes without waterers; T6, T7, and T8, contain one, two, and three ventilation holes with waterers, respectively. The statistical data obtained from the computer monitoring system showed that the treatments led to a highly significant decrease (P≤0.01) in the temperature and relative humidity recorded inside the beehives. The average temperature during The autumn was 37.50, 36.20, 34.44, 33.90, 33.45, 33.33, 33.49 and 33.96 ° C, while the humidity was 65.59, 67.96, 56.01, 56.23, 61.39, 52.39, 53.18 and 53.96% in treatments T1, T2, T3, T4, T6, T7 and T8 respectively.
Effect the Different Concentrations of Hydrogen Peroxide and Addition Soil Amendments on Growth and Nutrient Balance in Ranunculus Asiaticus L. Grown under Salinity Conditions
Authors: Zaidan O. H. , Abdullatif S. A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
An experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at research station (A) / College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences / University of Baghdad to study the impact of exogenous application of hydrogen peroxide and soil amendments (zeolite and Disper osmotic regulator) in the physiological traits of the Ranunculus asiaticus L. grown in saline soils. The experiment included three factors, soil (S) at two kinds (2.17, 5.8 dsm), soil amendments at includes 3 levels of zeolite (0,4,8 gm kg-1 soil), and two levels Disper Osmotic (1,2 gm l-1), hydrogen peroxide application (0,5,10 mmol l-1). results showed saline soils caused a significant decrease in vegetative and flowering growth, and the leaf content of N, P, K. While a significant increase in the leaf content of Na was observed, is an indicator of oxidative stress. The addition of soil amendments (M3) (1 gm l) to plants grown under salinity stress caused a significant increase in the leaf content of N, P, K and plant height, leaf area and all flowering growth characteristics. Exogenous application of hydrogen peroxide at a concentration (5 mmol l-1) had a significant effect on most of the vegetative and flowering growth characteristics.
Effect of Soaking with Gibberellin and Treatment with Fungal and Bacterial Biofertilizers on the Growth and Flowering of Lilium spp.
Authors: Sadiq S. M. , Abdullatif S. A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at Janat AlNakheel located in khazmiah/Baghdad from 1/9/2020 to 1/6/2021 and aimed to study the effect of gibberellin (GA3) soaking and inoculation with fungous and bacterial biofertilizers on growth and flowering of lilium bulbs (Lilium spp.). The experiment was executed as factorial experiment utilizing the randomly complete block design (RCBD) with two factors. The results showed that soaking with gibberellin prior to planting along with inoculation with biofertilizers and their interaction enhanced vegetative growth traits in which a significant increase in plant height (48.85)cm, stem diameter (9.7)mm, number of leaves (110.56) leaves, leaf area (811.0)mm2, chlorophyll content in leaves (54.24) unit spad, dry weight percentage (12.68)%, and NPK percentage (2.61,0.40,3.07)% was noticed. In addition, flowering traits were also enhanced flowering duration (27.89) days, flower diameter (16.53)cm, dry weight percentage (11.26)%, number of flower buds (8.33)buds, flower content of total dissolved saccharides (11.84) and carotene pigments (2.724), and vase life (20.89) days.
Response of Date Palm Trees Phoenix dactylifera L. Khastawi Cultivar to Chemical, Organic and Biological Fertilization
Authors: Kredi Elaf Hashem Mohammed , Al-Ali Hameed Hamdan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The study was conducted in one of the own palm orchards located in the area of the village of Albu Assaf - Al-Dawwar, which is 10 km west of Ramadi city / Anbar Governorate, during the 2020-2021 season to know the effect of three levels of fertilizer combinations F0:0, F1: 600 g of urea (N 276) + 350 g of triple superphosphate (P2O5 168 ) + 500 g of potassium sulfate (K2O 240), 1200 g urea (552 N) + 700 g triple superphosphate (P2O5 336) + 1000 g potassium sulfate (K2O 480) and three levels of humic acid H0:0, H1:15, H2:30 ml. L-1 and two levels of a combination of biofertilizers, Trichoderma(Trichoderma harzianum) and Mycorrhizal(Glomus mosseae) B0:0, B1:300 ml Trichoderma + 400 g Mycorrhizal, with three replications for each treatment, To find out the effect of three levels of fertilizer combinations, three levels of humic acid and two levels of bio-fertilizer combination on the vegetative growth characteristics of date palm trees of the Khastawi cultivar. The results indicated the superiority of the level of F2 chemical fertilization in vegetative traits, including the dry matter of leaves, leaflet length, leaflet width, leaf length and increase in the leaves number of gave47.6372 %, 0.7128cm, 0.2436cm, 22.1039cm, 8.5000 leaves, respectively. The H2 of humic acid achieved the best values in the characteristics of the leaves dry matter percentage (%), the length and width of the leaflet, leaf length, and increased leaves number gave 48.1889 %, 0.6872cm, 0.2132cm, 21.8745cm, 8.5556 leaves, respectively, results also indicated the superiority of level B1 of the biofertilizer mixture in the characteristics of leaf dry matter percentage, leaflet width, leaf length and increase in leaf number, 45.5852%, 0.2122cm, 21.6867cm, 8.4444 leaves, respectively. The triple interaction F2H2B1 treatment achieved high averages in the characteristics of the dry matter percentage of leaves, leaflet length, leaf length and the increase in the number of leaves, 50.6900 %, 0.7400cm, 24.0662cm, 9.3333 leaves.
Effect of Biochar Application and Foliar Application of Gibberellin and Cytokinin on Growth and Flowering of Chinese Carnations Dianthus chinensis
Authors: Alwan Samer Hussein , Owen Mazen Amer , Omar Omar Arshad , Salih Ziad Khalaf 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The experiment was carried out in the Horticulture Department and Landscaping, College of Agriculture, Tikrit University, during the Agricultural season 2021-2022 to study the response of Chinese carnation to biochar and growth regular carried out with two factors Add biochar at two levels without adding and adding 10 g under the seedlings, the second factor was spraying with gibberellin and cytokinin growth regulators at four levels (no spray, spraying-1 with gibberellin at a concentration of 100 mg L-1 Cytokine spray at a concentration of 100 mg. Liter-1 and spraying with a mixture of gibberellin and cytokine). The experiment was in a randomized complete block design RCBD, and three replicates, results show that superiority of the treatment of adding charcoal and it gave the highest plant height of 77.26 cm and the highest branches numbers and dry weight 25.24 branches plant-1 and 76.15 g, Spraying with a mixture of gibberellins and cytokinin superior in the rest studied traits which were dry weight 16.02 g and NPK 1.60%, 0.26% and 1.75%, and flowers numbers 49.38 plant flowers-1, and flower diameter 3.36 cm.
Response of Two Potato Cultivars to Spraying with Biozyme-TF and Azosprillum on some Growth and Yield Indicators
Authors: Munem Turk H. A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This research was conducted in one of the private fields in the East Canal area in Baghdad Governorate, to study the effect of spraying with the biostimulant Biozyme-TF and adding the bio-fertilizer Azosprillum on the growth indicators and the yield of two cultivars of potato plant in the spring season of the agricultural season 2017, the first factor with three levels, the first spraying with a biostimulant at a concentration of 10 ml.l-1, and the second add bio-fertilizer at a level of 15 kg. hectare-1, In addition to the comparison treatment, and the second factor is two types of potatoes: Bellini and Santa. The results showed a significant superiority of Bellini cultivar with the addition of the bio-fertilizer Azosprillum at a level of 15 kg. ha-1 in the characteristics of each plant length 92.43 cm and number of leaves 83.52 leaves. Plant-1, total yield 31.18 tons.ha-1, and chlorophyll content of 74.28 mg.100-1, in comparison with Santa variety, which decreased to 78.29 cm and 75.33 leaves.plant-1, 21.86 tons.ha-1 and 73.25 mg. 100-1 for each of plant height, number of leaves, total yield and leaf content of chlorophyll, while Santa cultivar showed with the biozyme-TF foliar spray treatment at a level of 10 ml.l-1 superiority in the nitrogen content of leaves reached 2.58% and the tuber protein content amounted to 1.30 % compared to the comparison treatment, which gave the lowest values, which were 1.50% and .0.49%, respectively.
Estimate of some Effective Compounds of the Four O’clock Rose Plant Callus Mirabilis jalapa L. Outside in vivo
Authors: Al-Qasam Ahmed Mohammed , Ghanim Nadhim Salim 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Seeds of the plant Mirabilis jalapa were collected from private nurseries in the Salah al-Din governorate and analyzed at the laboratory of plant cell and tissue transplantation in the department of horticulture engineering in the Faculty, of Agriculture at the University of Tikrit, and after the success of the process of sterilization of the seeds of the plant of Mirabilis jalapa and the induction of callus, some of the active compounds within the callus of the plant internode were estimated and compared with the use of growth regulators of different concentrations, When using a combination of Bracinolide at a concentration of 0.01 mg L-1 and sodium chloride salt at a concentration of 100 mmol liters, the highest concentration of P-Coumaric was given at 128.9 μg/gm.
Effect of Foliar Feeding with Copper Nanoparticles on Growth and Yield of Broccoli Crosses
Authors: Al-Shamry Aziz Mahdi Abd , Abbas Diana Khudair 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The test was conducted in 2021-2022 at the Horticulture and Landscape Department fields - agriculture collage – Diyala University. The study was to examin the result of foliar spray through nano and chelated copper on the growth and production of broccoli hybrids. The foliar spray was used at three levels (0 mg.L-1, 10 mg.L-1, 20 mg.L-1, 40 mg.L-1) whereas five cultivars (v) of broccoli were used and these are: Jassmine (V1), 2004 (V2), Zen (V3), Masturi (V4), and Danar (V5). The results have shown that foliar application of nano copper has significantly affected on the crop growth and production. The highest production was 67.82 t.h-1 and and most of the vegetative and fruitful growth traits were at a concentration of nano-copper 20 mg.L-1. Whereas the results of the effect of foliar spray on broccoli varieties, the V2 has the highest florets 1.363 kg and the total yield was (56.81 h-1) and the chlorophyll index in the leaves was 0.801, and the florets content of carbohydrates, the Danar variety excelled in the leaf area, which amounted to 175.49, while the Matsuri variety excelled in the height of the plant, with an average height of 98.55 cm.
Effect of Organic Fertilizer Spraying from Various Sources and Agricultural Sulfur in the Growth and Harvest of Garlic
Authors: Al-Obeidi Mustafa Mohammed Hussein , Al-Obeidi Hamid Saleh Hammad 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The field experiment was conducted during the season 2021-2022 in Baquba nursery affiliated to Diyala Agriculture Directorate. In order to study the effect of organic fertilizer and agricultural sulfur on the growth and yield of garlic, the study included two factors; The first is sulfur: without addition (control), agricultural sulfur, ground addition 75 kg ha-1, and spraying with liquid sulfur 2 ml L-1. The second factor was spraying with five types of organic fertilizers, namely: spraying with aqueous extract of sheep manure at a concentration of 100%, spraying with polyamine at a concentration of 2 g L-1, spraying with humic acid 1 ml L-1, and spraying with compost tea at a concentration of 100% in addition to a treatment without spraying (control treatment). The experiment included fifteen treatments and three replications, so the total of the experimental units became forty-five experimental units. A factorial experiment was applied in the split-cut system within the Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D). Results showed that spraying with liquid sulfur 2ml-1 (exceeds in all characteristics of vegetative growth and the yield The number of leaves (9.06 leaf.plant-1), the leaf area (7.56 dm2 plant-1) and the relative content of total chlorophyll (1.58 mg 100 g-1 fresh weight) and the number of lobes per head (39.63 clove. head-1) Head weight (75.27 gm head-1) and total yield (22.58 tons h-1) Measured by the low comparison treatment and gave the lowest values at 8.08 leaf plant-1 and 6.30 dcm2 plant-1, 1.32 mg 100 g-1 fresh weight and 35.86 clove head-1 and 59.25 g head-1 and 17.77 tons h-1 respectively. As regards spraying with organic fertilizer, the results show that the humic acid treatment (1 ml-1) was significantly higher than the control treatment in terms of the number of leaves (9.55 leaf plant-1) and leaf area (8.27 dcm2 plant-1) and relative content Number of cloves per head (42.05, head-weight (81.33gm) and total yield (24.39 ton.h-1). The results of control treatment were 7.42 leaf plant-1 and 4.72 dcm2 plant-1 and 1.00 mg 100 g-1 tender weight 31.85 clove head-1, 50.03 grams head-1 and 15.01 tons h-1, in order. The interaction between sul[hur liqid 2 ml L-1 and humic acid 1 ml L-1 had a significant effect on the leaf number per plant (10.33) leaf area (9.14 dcm2 plant-1) and relative content of total chlorophyll in leaves (1.95mg 100gm-1 fresh weight), cloves (45.66 clove head-1) and head weight (92.55gm head-1) and the total output of the heads (27.76 tons h1) compared to the comparative treatment of 7.20 leaf head-1, 4.39 dcm2 plant-1, 0.97 mg 100g-1 fresh weight, 31.58 clove head-1, 48.33 gm head-1 and 14.50 tons h.1 respectively.
Phytochemical Screening of Rheum ribes Root, Leaves and Flowering Stem and Biological Activity of the Root
Authors: Amin Hawre Dhahir M. , Lazim Zaynab Sabah , Nashi Taghreed A.W. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Rheum ribes is one of the most important medicinal plants spread wildly in Iraqi Kurdistan, and its roots are used traditionally in the treatment of Obesity and obesity-related disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and hypercholesterolemia which are considered the major cause of mortality worldwide and since the therapeutic medication failed to prevent their progression. Here comes the importance of medical plants as rich sources of natural bioactive substances that are used to treat many disorders. The current study intended to examine the phytochemical contents of roots (rhizome), leaves, and flowering stems of R. ribes L. that have been collected from five locations: Qandil, Kanitoo, Sharbazher, Penjwen, and Hawraman and to analyze the active compounds by HPLC technique, and also to study the potential of ethanolic extract of R. ribes root in the hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic points of view by using diet-induced obese and diabetic rats. The results showed that roots collected from Qandil had a higher concentration of total phenol and flavonoids and HPLC analysis results found that active compounds found in the plant root were: Gallic acid, Ellagic acid, Quercetin, Catechin, Rutin, Cinnamic acid, Tannic acid, Emodin, Aloe-emodin, and Physcion. Leaves and flowering stems contained all the mentioned compounds except Cinnamic acid and Tannic acid. The ethanolic extract of the roots significantly lowered the level of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides(TG), and low-density lipoprotein(LDL)level (p<0.05) in the blood of rats and also had a positive effect on the body weight loss in rats, especially at a dose of (60 mg/kg).
Effect of Adding Turmeric Powder and Vitamin C on the Productive Performance of Broilers
Authors: Al-Sanjary Ahmed Khaleel , Ibrahim Azhar Majid , Hamid Shehab Muhammad 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted in the field of poultry Livestock Research Station of the Iraqi Ministry of Agriculture during the period from 27/12/2021 to 8/2/2022 to study the effect of adding turmeric powder and Vitamin C In some physiological and productive traits of broiler chicken. Using 400 one-day-Un Sexed broiler chickens of Ross-308 breed were randomly distributed to four experimental Treatments. 100 birds per treatment. Each treatment included 5 replicates, with birds per replicate. T1(Control ), T2(Add turmeric Powder at a rate 0.05), T3(Addition of vitamin C at a rate of 300 mg / kg), T4 (Add turmeric Powder at a rate 0.05 and vitamin C at a rate of 300 mg/kg). Statistic analysis of data Showed significant increase (P≤0.05) in the mean live body weight, total weight gain, feed conversion ratio, dressing percentage, relative weight (Thigh, Back, Wings, Neck) and mortality rate.
Effect of Adding Turmeric and Vitamin C in Broiler Diets on some Biochemical and Blood Characteristics
Authors: Al-Sanjary Ahmed Khaleel , Hamid Shehab Muhammad , Ibrahim Azhar Majid 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted in the poultry field of the Livestock Research Station of the Iraqi Ministry of Agriculture during the period from 27/12/2021 to 8/2/2022 in order to study the effect of adding turmeric powder and vitamin C on some physiological and productive traits. 400 broiler chicks of Roos-308 strain of one day old were used, distributed randomly, with four experimental treatments for each treatment 100 birds, and each treatment included five replicates and each replicate 20 birds. The treatments were as follows: Treatment T1 (standard diet without addition), T2 (adding turmeric at a rate of 0.5%), (T3) add vitamin C 300 mg / kg, feed (T4) (add turmeric 0.5% and vitamin C 300 mg / kg feed). The results of the statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences at the level of (P≤0.05) in some biochemical characteristics: the ratio of globulin to albumin and the improvement of the parameters of cholesterol, triglycerides, high and low density lipoproteins and AST - ALT enzyme.
Effect of Adding Annatto Seed Powder (Bixa orellana) and Astaxanthin to the Diet in the Productive Performance of Broilers(Ross-308)
Authors: Al-Masoudi Zakariya Abd Al-Ameer , Al-Kafaji Fadhil Rasool 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Researchers from the Al-Anwar Poultry Company conducted the aforementioned study in the Babil Governorate between february 15 and March 22, 2022. The goal of the study was to ascertain the effect of feeding broiler chickens a diet containing annatto seed powder (Bixa orellana) and astaxanthin on their performance and health. The researchers used 225 sexed Ross-308 chickens that were only one day old The chickens were placed in one of 15 different cages, each of which contained one of five different treatments (for a total of 450 birds). There were three duplicates of each treatment, with a total of 15 birds in each replicate for a total of 45 birds in each replication. The following is how the research was conducted: The results showed a highly significant difference at the level of (p 0.01) for the treatments add T2, T3, T4, and T5 regarding final body weight average, with T1 serving as the control treatment and the standard diet not containing any additions. T2 including powdered annatto seeds at a rate of 0.5 grams per kilogram of feed, T3 including powdered annatto seeds at a rate of 1 gram per kilogram of feed, T4 including astaxanthin at At the level of significance (p0.05), Treatments T2, T3, and T5 performed significantly better than the control treatment T1 in terms of the growth in weight, the amount of feed consumed, and the total feed conversion factor.
The Connection Between Molecular Indicators and Morphological Traits in Plants and Other Organisms by using A Special Indicator
Authors: Jabbar Mundher Kh. , Al-Fatlawi Zeyad H. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Molecular and morphological indicators were measured to study the relationship, the RAPD marker was used as a molecular indicator, plant height, grain weight, and grain density were used as morphological traits in bread wheat, and 10 primers which have a type (op) were used in RAPD marker, 10 wheat cultivars were used as genotypes for studying. In study calculated, the number of bands which were appeared in every genotype, plant height, grain weight, and grain density as morphological traits, the results were: the C9 treatment gave a higher number of bands, but C6 which gave a higher value in plant height, C7 superior in grain weight and grain density. Mun indicator appeared high relationship between the C7 genotype and the number of fragments or genes in plant height while the C5 genotype gave less relationship, C7 genotype appeared high relationship between the number of fragments and grain weight trait according to Mun indicator while C5 genotype gave a less relationship. In a grain density trait, the C7 genotype gave a high value in Mun indicator comparison with the C5 genotype which gave less relationship, which means that all genotypes had variations in relationship with molecular indicator effects.