bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graduation Project as an Application of COVID-19 Impact on Students’ Experience—Case Study Medical Center Al Ain, UAE
Authors: Bande Lindita , Alblooshi Asma Mohamed Abdulla , Alnehayan Alyazeia Tahanoon Mohammed , Alsereidi Fatmah Saeed Rashed , Haidar Salma Salem , Gomez Ariel , Albattah Mohammed , Young Kim 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe pandemic had a significant impact on the medical environment. With a surge of patients and limited facilities, managing the patients was challenging. This pandemic taught us how to redesign medical facilities in our cities for future events of such magnitude. In the academic environment, especially in the architectural engineering field, designing facilities that can operate as per the needs of the population is crucial. Based on the students’ individual experiences during the challenging time of COVID-19, Medical Center as a graduation project came to life. There are several Medical Center facilities in the UAE. Unfortunately, some of those facilities cannot provide enough treatment spaces, basic needs, and facilities that they would need. The project discussed in this report is COVID Ready Medical Facilities Construction Design and Management. The methodology follows the below main points:

Define the project's objectives: This project's purpose is to provide medical facilities in UAE and build temporary Center that can be assembled on site and dismantled when required. The building must be assembled, dismantled, and removed easily and as fast as possible.

Define the main points of sustainability and innovation: Innovative building technologies methods are intended to be used, as well as renewable sources of energy are applied. The building should be able to respond to various public health issues and future challenges.

Based on the pandemic experience and the standards: Some suggested services are discussed as well to provide private, mediative, and natural light for patients and workers that intend to spend their time in the medical facility.

Define construction systems for a sustainable building: Appropriate construction methods Analysis, risk management, and estimations for cost studies will be applied.

Lessons learned and future applications in graduate project.

The aim of this research is to show how the pandemic situation and the personal experience of students can have an impact on designing a Medical Center that can be moved and assembled in any site as required, also that can be dismantled later leaving the same condition of the site before assembly, the construction method should be easy and fast as the pandemic can occur at any time. The lessons learned and applied are an example of how experience can improve the academic environment.
An Exploration of Direct Instruction: Why Teaching Matters
Authors: Shammas Nicole 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWhy Teaching Matters is a question at the heart of all instruction. While the answer seems obvious, actual teacher-led teaching, or direct instruction, has taken backstage in the last decade to a more constructivist approach where student-centered; project-based learning, and inquiry inform students learning. This paper argues that alongside this student-centered approach, there is a need, depending on the context, for a teacher-led, direct instruction approach. Studies show that direct instruction is indeed a robust pedagogy leading to student attainment in both short-term retention and long-term proficiency. The author invites readers to consider direct instruction as a potent teaching and learning model, replacing the dichotomy of teacher-centered versus student-centered with a collaboration between the two. This paper presents findings from a study by the researcher illustrating teachers and learners’ perspectives on Direct Instruction. Findings indicate a preference from the learners for this approach and a flexibility among teachers to adopt the methodology most appropriate for their context. This paper contributes to knowledge by filling a gap in the field on the perspectives of learners and teachers on Direct Instruction and by bringing to the forefront an alternative discussion around teaching pedagogy.
Effect of Blending Alum Sludge and Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag as Cement Replacement to Mitigate Alkali-Silica Reaction
Authors: Duan W. , Zhuge Y. , Liu Y. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe alkali–silica reaction (ASR) is a severe durability issue in cement-based materials. Although using calcium-rich supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) such as ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) is beneficial for improving mechanical performance, it can lead to critical ASR-induced damage, primarily when high-reactive aggregates are used. We used alum sludge, a byproduct of drinking water treatment processes, and found it to have high efficiency in mitigating ASR in mortars containing GGBS as cement replacement and waste glass as high-reactive aggregate. The raw alum sludge was calcined for 2 h at 800 ℃ and ground to pass a 75-µm sieve. Ternary blended binders were made by replacing 10, 20 and 30% of cement with the mixture of alum sludge and GGBS (ratio 1:1). The mortar samples exhibited a considerable compressive strength and significant ASR resistance when 30% of cement was replaced with the mixture of alum sludge and GGBS compared with the reference samples. Microstructural characterization using X-ray diffraction, backscattered electron images and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy indicated that increasing the aluminum content of the alum sludge could prevent the formation of detrimental Ca-rich and low-flowable ASR gels. The hindering effect was attributed to the alkaline binding ability and the extra precipitation of calcium aluminum silicate hydrate phases due to the abundant Al in the binder.
Chloride Penetration in Low-Carbon Concrete with High Volume of SCM: A Review Study
Authors: Xue C. , Sirivivatnanon V. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLow-carbon concrete (LCC) uses supplementary cementitious material (SCM) to partially replace cement as a method for reducing its carbon footprint. Previous laboratory and field studies had provided substantial support and experience for using LCC in marine structures, which are the most susceptible to chloride-induced corrosion. Some short-term test methods have provided reliable assessment of the ability of LCC to resist chloride penetration, but the long-term chloride penetration depends on a great many factors and thus could differ from the results obtained from laboratory tests. However, the lack of a correlation between the data from short-term and long-term tests has limited the use of abundant laboratory results for service life design of LCC. This study presents an overview of results obtained when LCCs were exposed to chlorides. The key outcome of this study is a broader synthesis of the available data regarding the relationship between the mix design and the performance of LCCs in various chloride environments, which helps find the possible correlation and fully appreciate the value of the short-term tests.
Effect of Different Additives on the Compressive Strength of Very High-Volume Fly Ash Cement Composites
Authors: Roychand R. , Li J. , Saberian M. , Kilmartin-Lynch S. , Islam M. M. Ul , Maghfouri M. , Chen F. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe cement industry is responsible for about 5–7% of global greenhouse gas emissions and with the rapid rise in global warming, it is imperative to produce an ecofriendly alternative to Portland cement. Fly ash (FA) is an abundantly available and least utilized industrial byproduct with good pozzolanic properties that can help reduce the carbon footprint of cement composites. We investigated replacing 80% of the cement content with different blends of FA, nanosilica (NS) and silica fume (SF). Hydrated lime and a set accelerator were used to increase the pozzolanic reactivity of the blended cement composites. The portlandite released with 20% cement content was insufficient for the pozzolanic reaction of the blended cement composites containing FA and SF, requiring externally added hydrated lime. The addition of a set accelerator significantly increased the pozzolanic reaction and the resultant compressive strength, and these increased with the increasing content of the set accelerator. The replacement of SF with NS led to a remarkable increase in the pozzolanic reaction. The corresponding compressive strength of FA mixed with cement composites increased with increasing percentage composition of NS.
Insights into the Size Effect of the Dynamic Characteristics of the Perovskite Solar Cell
Authors: Li Q. , Wu D. , Gao W. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDriven by government policy and incentives, solar power production has soared in the past decade and become a mainstay during the worldwide clean-power transition process. Among the various next-generation photovoltaic technologies, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are the most important emerging area of research due to their outstanding power conversion efficiency and affordable scale-up operation. We adopted the nonlocal strain gradient theory and the first-order shear deformation plate theory to investigate the size-dependent free vibration behavior of PSCs. The size-dependency in the nanostructure of the PSCs was captured by coupling the nonlocal and strain gradient parameters. In accordance with the Hamilton principle, the governing equations set was derived. Subsequently, the Galerkin procedure was applied to address the dynamic characteristics analysis of PSCs with simply supported and clamped edges. Compared with the size-insensitive traditional continuum plate model, the current multiscale framework revealed a size effect on the free vibration of the PSC. Moreover, some parametric experiments were conducted to explore the impacts of scale length parameter, nonlocal parameter, and boundary conditions on the natural frequency of the PSC.
Submicroscopic Evaluation Studies to Minimize Delayed Ettringite Formation in Concrete for a Sustainable Industry and Circular Economy
Authors: Ramu Yogesh Kumar , Thomas Paul Stephen , Vessalas Kirk , Sirivivatnanon Vute 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe high cost of maintenance, repair and retrofitting of concrete infrastructure to keep these structures durable and serviceable is not sustainable, so the design process needs to consider all aspects of deterioration mechanism/s that can potentially occur in a concrete structure. The ideal solution should contribute to sustainability by enhancing the durability of concrete elements and supporting a circular economy. We studied delayed ettringite formation (DEF), a potential deterioration mechanism, including mitigation measures, in various heat-cured cementitious systems. The results showed that continuously connected pore/crack paths at the submicroscopic level favor the transportation of DEF-causing ions in heat-cured systems. DEF increases the chance of developing cracks, which is a durability concern. To mitigate DEF, fly ash produced from an Australian bituminous coal-burning power station was incorporated in the binder to support the circular economy concept. Changes in heat-cured cementitious systems were evaluated using expansion, electrical resistivity, dynamic modulus, and microstructural studies. The pozzolanicity of fly ash was found to greatly enhance the formation of denser calcium-silica-hydrate, which in turn restricted the transportation of DEF-causing ions at the submicron level, leading to less DEF occurrence and enhancement of the durability and sustainability of concrete in field structures.
Graphene-Induced Nano- and Microscale Modification of Polymer Structures in Cement Composite Systems
Authors: Naseem Z. , Sagoe-Crentsil K. , Duan W. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRedispersible polymers such as ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) have attracted attention in construction due to their enhanced flexural strength, adhesion, flexibility and resistance against water penetration. However, EVA particles cluster in a highly alkaline cementitious matrix and exhibit poor interaction with the cement matrix. The underlying mechanism of poor dispersibility of EVA is attributed to hydrophobic groups of polymers, a variation in the adsorption rate and molecular diffusion to the interface where they cluster together. This phenomenon can negatively affect the fresh properties of cement and produce a weak microstructure, adversely affecting the resulting composites’ performance. This study highlights how graphene oxide (GO) nanomaterial alters the nano- and microscale structural characteristics of EVA to minimize the negative effects. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the GO sheets modify EVA’s clustered nanostructure and disperse it through electrostatic and steric interactions. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed altered microscale structural characteristics (viz. surface features) by GO. The altered and enhanced material scale engineering performance, such as the compressive strength of the resulting cement composite, was notable.
Nanosilica-Modified Hydrogels Encapsulating Bacterial Spores for Self-healing Concrete
Authors: Feng J. , Qian S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMicrobially induced calcium carbonate precipitation is effective in achieving self-healing of concrete cracks when the bacteria are well protected in concrete with a high pH and dense microstructure. Calcium alginate hydrogels are appropriate for encapsulating bacteria in concrete due to the mild environment with rich moisture in the hydrogels. Nevertheless, the low alkaline tolerance and breakage ratios of the hydrogels after concrete cracking restrict their applications in concrete. To address these problems, nanosilica was doped into calcium alginate hydrogels with encapsulated bacterial spores to react with the Ca(OH)2 surrounding hydrogels in concrete. Due to the modification by nanosilica, the bond of the hydrogels with cement matrix was enhanced as needle-like C–S–H was generated at the interface after hydration for 7 days. Moreover, the urease activity of the encapsulated spores in the modified hydrogels was higher than that in plain hydrogels after submersion in saturated Ca(OH)2 solution or simulated concrete solution for 7 days. Therefore, it can be concluded that nanosilica holds promise for modifying hydrogels to improve the effectiveness of encapsulated bacterial spores for self-healing of concrete.
Bosonization, duality, and the C-theorem in the non-abelian Thirring model
Authors: Santos Rodrigo Corso B. , Hernaski Carlos A. , Gomes Pedro R. S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We revisit the two dimensional non-Abelian Thirring model in order to investigate its fixed point structure and the corresponding renormalization group (RG) flow. For this purpose we discuss the bosonization of the model, and we present different, but of course equivalent, bosonic versions of the theory. The bosonic theories are illuminating in that they exhibit the fixed points in a manifest way, and also possess a remarkable strong/weak duality that sheds light on the fixed point structure of the theory. We study the RG flow through the computation of the Zamolodchikov C-function and of the β-function in the large-level limit. Within this framework, we discuss how close to the infrared fixed point the RG flow can reach, since this point is strictly unachievable due to an emergent gauge invariance.
The LBK theorem to all orders
Authors: Engel Tim 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We study the soft limit of one-photon radiation at next-to-leading power (NLP) in the framework of heavy-quark effective theory (HQET) to all orders in perturbation theory. We establish the soft theorem that for unpolarised scattering the radiative contribution up to NLP is entirely determined by the non-radiative amplitude. This generalises the Low-Burnett-Kroll (LBK) theorem for QED to all orders. All hard matching corrections can be calculated by applying the LBK differential operator to the non-radiative amplitude. The virtual corrections in the effective theory vanish beyond one loop, resulting in a one-loop exact soft function. As a first, non-trivial application we calculate the real-virtual-virtual electron-line corrections to muon-electron scattering at NLP in the soft limit.
Leaf surface traits may influence host specificity in psyllids of Eucalyptus, Spondyliaspis cf. plicatuloides (Froggatt) and Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae)
Authors: Makunde Privilege T. , Joubert Johannes C. , Slippers Bernard , Hurley Brett P. , Hammerbacher Almuth 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSpondyliaspiscf.plicatuloidesandGlycaspis brimblecombei(Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) are invasive insect pests ofEucalyptus, native to Australia. The insects feed on eucalypt sap, and both psyllid species exhibit clear preferences for different species and hybrids ofEucalyptus. The objective of this study was to identify the constitutive morphological and phytochemical characteristics underlying these host preferences. Four preferred and eight non-preferred eucalypt hosts were selected for evaluation. Thirteen leaf morphological features of the 12 eucalypts were analysed. The non-polar and polar metabolites in and on the surface of leaves of each eucalypt species were extracted, and their chemical composition was analysed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The leaf volatile profiles of hosts and non-hosts ofS. cf.plicatuloidesandG. brimblecombeidid not differ sufficiently to explain the host choices of the two eucalypt psyllids. The leaf polar metabolite profiles of the susceptible hosts of the two psyllids differed significantly but did not explain the host preferences of the two psyllid species. However, preferred hosts ofS. cf.plicatuloidesandG. brimblecombeihad some leaf morphological features and wax metabolites in common. Our results show that particular combinations of leaf morphological features and wax metabolites might influence the host choice of eucalypt-feeding lerp psyllids, but no traits explaining the differences in host-selection behaviour betweenS. cf.plicatuloidesandG. brimblecombeiwere identified.
Early surgery and number of injured ligaments are associated with postoperative stiffness following multi‐ligament knee injury surgery: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Özbek Emre Anil , Dadoo Sahil , Grandberg Camila , Runer Armin , Cong Ting , Hughes Jonathan D. , Irrgang James J. , Musahl Volker 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurposeTo perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis to investigate the rate of stiffness after multi‐ligament knee injury (MLKI) surgery and identify potential risk factors associated with postoperative stiffness.MethodsThis study was conducted in accordance with the 2020 PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses) statement. Registration was done on the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42022321849). A literature search of PubMed, Ovid, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted in October 2022 for clinical studies reporting postoperative stiffness after MLKI surgery. A quality assessment was performed using the Methodological Index of Non‐Randomized Studies (MINORS) grading system. The following variables were extracted from studies for correlation to postoperative stiffness: study characteristics, cohort demographics, Schenk classification, neurovascular injury, mechanism of injury, external fixator placement, timing of surgery, and concomitant knee injuries.ResultsThirty‐six studies comprising 4,159 patients who underwent MLKI surgery met the inclusion criteria, including two Level‐II, fourteen Level‐III, and twenty Level‐IV studies. The average MINOR score of the studies was 14. The stiffness rate after MLKI was found to be 9.8% (95% CI 0.07–0.13; p < 0.01; I2 = 87%), and the risk of postoperative stiffness was significantly lower for patients with two ligaments injured compared to patients with ≥ 3 ligaments injured (OR = 0.45, 95% CI (0.26–0.79), p = 0.005; I2 = 0%). The results of the pooled analysis showed early surgery (< 3 weeks) resulted in significantly increased odds of postoperative stiffness compared with delayed surgery (≥ 3 weeks) (OR = 2.18; 95% CI 1.11–4.25; p = 0.02; I2 = 0%). However, age, gender, body mass index, energy of injury, and neurovascular injury were not associated with an increased risk of postoperative stiffness (n.s.).ConclusionPerforming surgery within the first 3 weeks following MLKI, or concomitant injury of ≥ 3 ligaments, are significantly associated with increased risk of postoperative stiffness. These findings can be utilized by surgeons to decide the timing of surgery for MLKI surgeries especially in which ≥ 3 ligaments are injured.Level of evidenceLevel IV.
Effect of printing parameters on extrusion-based additive manufacturing using highly filled CuSn12 filament
Authors: Aruanno Beatrice , Paoli Alessandro , Razionale Armando Viviano , Tamburrino Francesco 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTypical additive manufacturing (AM) processes for producing metal and ceramic parts are highly energy-consuming and expensive to install and maintain. On the other hand, material extrusion AM (MEAM) technologies are conventionally used to produce polymeric parts but only marginally to process metallic materials. A feasible alternative is to process polymeric filaments loaded with metal particles. Debinding and sintering processes are then required to join the metal particles and obtain the final parts. In recent years, highly filled metal filaments consisting of a polymer loaded with a high concentration of metal powder have been commercialized for this purpose. In this study, the printability of a commercial CuSn12 filament was investigated by evaluating the influence of the process parameters on the density, shrinkage, porosity, and mechanical properties of the additively manufactured samples using a low-cost desktop 3D printer. Parameters such as the flow rate and ironing had the greatest influence on the density of the green samples. The correct selection of these parameters may reduce shrinkage after sintering. Furthermore, the obtained bronze had a notable ultimate tensile strength (mean value of 107 MPa), high stiffness (E values range from 38 to 50 GPa), and a greater elongation at break (mean value of 13%) than that of cast bronze of the same CuSn12 type. In this case, the extrusion pattern and ironing had the most significant influence on the final mechanical performance. The study provides insights into the use of highly filled bronze filaments combined with MEAM to produce functional parts for engineering applications.