bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weak antagonistic fitness effects can maintain an inversion polymorphism
Authors: Pei Yifan , Forstmeier Wolfgang , Knief Ulrich , Kempenaers Bart 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe study of chromosomal inversion polymorphisms has received much recent attention, particularly in cases where inversions have drastic effects on phenotypes and fitness (e.g. lethality of homozygotes). Less attention has been paid to the question of the maintenance of inversion polymorphisms that show only weak effects. Here, we study the maintenance of such an inversion polymorphism that links 250 genes on chromosome Tgu11 in the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata). Based on data from over 6000 captive birds, we estimated the effects of this inversion on a wide range of fitness‐related traits. We found that, compared with the ancestral allele A, the inverted allele D had small additive beneficial effects on male siring success and on female fecundity. These fitness‐enhancing effects may explain the initial spread of the derived D allele (allele frequency 53%). However, individuals that were homozygous for D had a slightly lower survival rate, which may explain why the D allele has not spread to fixation. We used individual‐based simulations to examine how an inversion polymorphism with such antagonistic fitness effects behaves over time. Our results indicate that polymorphisms become stabilized at an intermediate allele frequency if the inversion links an additively beneficial allele of small effect size to a recessive weakly deleterious mutation, overall resulting in weak net heterosis. Importantly, this conclusion remains valid over a wide range of selection coefficients against the homozygous DD (up to lethality), suggesting that the conditions needed to maintain the polymorphism may frequently be met. However, the simulations also suggest that in our zebra finch populations, the estimated recessive deleterious effect of the D allele (on survival in captivity) is not quite large enough to prevent fixation of the D allele in the long run. Estimates of fitness effects from free‐living populations are needed to validate these results.
Simulating the effects of long‐distance dispersal and landscape heterogeneity on the eco‐evolutionary outcomes of range expansion in an invasive riverine fish, Tench (Tinca tinca)
Authors: Bernos Thaïs A. , Day Casey , Hill Jaclyn , Morissette Olivier , Jeffries Kenneth M. , Mandrak Nicholas E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPredicting how quickly populations expand their range and whether they will retain genetic diversity when they are introduced to new regions or track environmental conditions suited to their survival is an important applied and theoretical challenge. The literature suggests that long‐distance dispersal, landscape heterogeneity and the evolution of dispersal influence populations' expansion rates and genetic diversity. We used individual‐based spatially explicit simulations to examine these relationships for Tench (Tinca tinca), an invasive fish expanding its geographical range in eastern North America since the 1990s. Simulated populations varied greatly in expansion rates (1.1–28.6 patches year−1) and genetic diversity metrics, including changes in observed heterozygosity (−19 to +0.8%) and effective number of alleles (−0.32 to −0.01). Populations with greater dispersal distances expanded faster than those with smaller dispersal distances but exhibited considerable variation in expansion rate among local populations, implying less predictable expansions. However, they tended to retain genetic diversity as they expanded, suggesting more predictable evolutionary trajectories. In contrast, populations with smaller dispersal distances spread predictably more slowly but exhibited more variability among local populations in genetic diversity losses. Consistent with empirical data, populations spreading in a longer, narrower dispersal corridor lost more neutral genetic variation to the stochastic fixation of alleles. Given the unprecedented pace of anthropogenic environmental change and the increasing need to manage range‐expanding populations, our results have conservation ramifications as they imply that the evolutionary trajectories of populations characterised by shorter dispersal distances spreading in narrower landscapes are more variable and, therefore, less predictable.
Practical wisdom in medicine through the eyes of medical students and physicians
Authors: Kaldjian Lauris C. , Yoon John , Ark Tavinder K. , Shinkunas Laura , Jotterand Fabrice 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundPractical wisdom is considered a multidimensional virtue of enduring relevance to medicine. Though it has received increasing attention in recent years, proposed frameworks for practical wisdom can differ, and little is known about how medical students and physicians describe its dimensions and relevance.MethodsWe used structured interviews, employing open‐ended and closed‐ended questions, to describe how medical students and physicians understand practical wisdom and identify the kinds of clinical situations they believe require practical wisdom. We interviewed 102 participants at two US medical schools in 2021, comprising a voluntary response sample of 40 pre‐clinical medical students and 40 clinical medical students and a purposive sample of 22 nominated physicians. Interviews were conducted by videoconference using a structured interview guide. Open‐ended responses were coded using qualitative content analysis (directed and conventional) and tabulated; closed‐ended responses were tabulated. Quotations provided qualitative illustrations, and frequencies were used for summative results.ResultsParticipants considered practical wisdom clinically meaningful, broadly relevant and multidimensional. Most described it as deliberative, goal‐directed, context‐sensitive, integrated with ethics and marked by integrity and motivation to act. Many described it as experience‐based, person‐centred or problem‐solving. Participants also selected an average of 15.6 (SD = 4.9) additional virtues as being essential for practical wisdom in medicine and described a broad range of clinical situations that require practical wisdom in medicine.ConclusionsParticipants described practical wisdom as a multidimensional capacity that entails deliberation, depends on a constellation of other virtues and is broadly applicable to medicine. Most agreed it is goal‐directed and context‐sensitive and involves ethics, integrity and motivation. Efforts to teach practical wisdom in medical education should clarify its dimensions and highlight its relationship to virtue ethics, professionalism, clinical judgement and the individualised care of patients as persons.
Interventions for supporting parents of infants requiring neonatal inter‐hospital transport: A systematic review
Authors: Mason Libuse , Marufu Takawira C. , Warren Inga , Nelson David , Cooke Samuel , Laparidou Despina , Manning Joseph C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundNeonatal inter‐hospital transport is associated with heightened stress for parents whose needs may remain unmet around this time.AimTo identify interventions which are used to support parents whose infants require neonatal inter‐hospital transport.Study DesignA systematic literature review approach was used. Six online databases (CINAHL, EMBASE, EMCARE, Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science) were searched up to February 2022. The eligibility criteria included interventional studies published in the English language. Methodological quality was assessed by the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklists. Data were extracted using a predefined framework and synthesized narratively because of heterogeneity of reported outcomes.ResultsA total of 671 articles were screened, with five meeting the eligibility criteria. Three interventions were reported within the five studies: a communication‐based intervention before transport represented by 223 parents in one study, Kangaroo Care during transport, which was carried out with 136 infants in three studies, and video calls after transport evaluated by one study in seven parents versus a control group. The effectiveness of the interventions could not be reliably determined. Neonatal nurses were the main providers of all the interventions pre‐, peri‐, and post‐transport.ConclusionsLimited evidence of mixed quality and inconsistent outcome measurements is available. Future research should focus on developing a contemporary intervention, determining the optimum timing for its implementation, and evaluating it using a robust study design.Relevance to Clinical PracticeNeonatal nurses need to be aware of the importance of their role in supporting parents through the distressing time of neonatal transport.
Investigating the linkage between mesopic spatial summation and variations in retinal ganglion cell density across the central visual field
Authors: Hunter Aoife M. L. , Anderson Roger S. , Redmond Tony , Garway‐Heath David F. , Mulholland Pádraig J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPurposeThe relationship between perimetric stimulus area and Ricco's area (RA) determines measured thresholds and the sensitivity of perimetry to retinal disease. The nature of this relationship, in addition to effect of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) number on this, is currently unknown for the adaptation conditions of mesopic microperimetry. In this study, achromatic mesopic spatial summation was measured across the central visual field to estimate RA with the number of RGCs underlying RA also being established.MethodsAchromatic luminance thresholds were measured for six incremental spot stimuli (0.009–2.07 deg2) and 190.4 ms duration, at four locations, each at 2.5°, 5° and 10° eccentricity in five healthy observers (mean age 61.4 years) under mesopic conditions (background 1.58 cd/m2). RA was estimated using two‐phase regression analysis with the number of RGCs underlying RA being calculated using normative histological RGC counts.ResultsRicco's area exhibited a small but statistically insignificant increase between 2.5° and 10° eccentricity. Compared with photopic conditions, RA was larger, with the difference between RA and the Goldmann III stimulus (0.43°) being minimised. RGC number underlying RA was also higher than reported for photopic conditions (median 70 cells, IQR 36–93), with no significant difference being observed across test locations.ConclusionsRicco's area and the number of RGCs underlying RA do not vary significantly across the central visual field in mesopic conditions. However, RA is larger and more similar to the standard perimetric Goldmann III stimulus under mesopic compared with photopic adaptation conditions. Further work is required to determine if compensatory enlargements in RA occur in age‐related macular degeneration, to establish the optimal stimulus parameters for AMD‐specific microperimetry.
Hypertension in pediatric kidney transplantation
Authors: Seeman Tomáš , Myette Robert L. , Feber Janusz 
Published: April 2023

AbstractArterial hypertension (HTN) in children after kidney transplantation is an important risk factor not only for graft loss but also for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of posttransplant HTN ranges between 60% and 90%. The etiology of posttransplant HTN is multifactorial and includes residual chronic native kidney disease, immunosuppressive therapy, and chronic allograft dysfunction among other causes. Clinic blood pressure (BP) should be measured at each outpatient visit. However, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is the gold standard method for BP evaluation in children after kidney transplantation, as it often reveals masked and nocturnal HTN; given this, it should be regularly performed in each transplanted child. All classes of antihypertensive drugs are used in the treatment of posttransplant HTN because it has never been proven that one class is better than another. However, in several retrospective studies, the use of calcium channel blockers is associated with better graft function. The optimal target BP for transplanted children is still a matter of debate; it is recommended to target the same BP as for healthy children, that is, <95th percentile. Control of HTN in transplanted children remains poor – only 20%–50% of treated children have normal BP. There is a great potential for improvement of antihypertensive treatment that could potentially result in improvement of both graft and patient survival in children after kidney transplantation.
Event‐related potentials during the ultimatum game in people with symptoms of depression and/or social anxiety
Authors: Nicolaisen‐Sobesky Eliana , Paz Valentina , Cervantes‐Constantino Francisco , Fernández‐Theoduloz Gabriela , Pérez Alfonso , Martínez‐Montes Eduardo , Kessel Dominique , Cabana Álvaro , Gradin Victoria B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDepression and social anxiety are common disorders that have a profound impact on social functioning. The need for studying the neural substrates of social interactions in mental disorders using interactive tasks has been emphasized. The field of neuroeconomics, which combines neuroscience techniques and behavioral economics multiplayer tasks such as the Ultimatum Game (UG), can contribute in this direction. We assessed emotions, behavior, and Event‐Related Potentials in participants with depression and/or social anxiety symptoms (MD/SA, n = 63, 57 females) and healthy controls (n = 72, 67 females), while they played the UG. In this task, participants received fair, mid‐value, and unfair offers from other players. Mixed linear models were implemented to assess trial level changes in neural activity. The MD/SA group reported higher levels of sadness in response to mid‐value and unfair offers compared to controls. In controls, the Medial Frontal Negativity associated with fair offers increased over time, while this dynamic was not observed in the MD/SA group. The MD/SA group showed a decreased P3/LPP in all offers, compared to controls. These results indicate an enhanced negative emotional response to unfairness in the MD/SA group. Neural results reveal a blunted response over time to positive social stimuli in the MD/SA group. Moreover, between‐group differences in P3/LPP may relate to a reduced saliency of offers and/or to a reduced availability of resources for processing incoming stimuli in the MD/SA group. Findings may shed light into the neural substrates of social difficulties in these disorders.
Comparative risk perception of the monkeypox outbreak and the monkeypox vaccine
Authors: Yang Janet Z. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBased on survey data collected from a nationally representative sample (N = 1,000), this study applies the psychometric paradigm to demonstrate that the American public perceived the monkeypox outbreak as a more dreaded risk than the monkeypox vaccine, but they also viewed the monkeypox vaccine as a more unknown risk. These perceptions influenced their overall risk judgment toward the monkeypox outbreak, support for public health responses and government assistance measures, and likelihood to get vaccinated. Contributing to research on risk perception, these findings indicate that the dread and unknown dimensions offer a more intricate assessment of risk perception beyond perceived susceptibility and perceived severity. Guiding risk communication practice, these results suggest that it is important to highlight to the public that the monkeypox vaccine is a mature technology and getting vaccinated before exposure provides the best protection for high‐risk populations.
A fungal microRNA‐like RNA regulated effector promotes pathogen infection by targeting a host defense‐related transcription factor
Authors: Xu Ming , Gao Chen , Ji Lin , Zhu Lihua , Gao Yuqi , Feng Hao , Huang Lili 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYEffectors play important roles in facilitating the infection of plant pathogenic fungi. However, the gene expression regulatory mechanism of effector genes, in particular at the post‐transcriptional level, is largely unknown. In this study, we uncovered the post‐transcriptional regulation of an effector gene VmSP1 by a miRNA‐like RNA (Vm‐milR16) facilitating the infection of the apple tree Valsa canker pathogen Valsa mali. Genetic and molecular biological assays indicated that the expression of VmSP1 could be suppressed by Vm‐milR16‐mediated mRNA cleavage in a sequence‐specific manner. During V. mali infection, Vm‐milR16 was downregulated, whereas VmSP1 was upregulated, which further indicated the regulation relationship. VmSP1 was further demonstrated to be a secreted protein and could suppress plant immunity. Deletion of VmSP1 did not affect the vegetative growth but significantly reduced the virulence of V. mali. Further study indicated that VmSP1 could interact with the transcription factor MdbHLH189 of apple. Transiently overexpression of MdbHLH189 enhanced host resistance to V. mali by enhancing the expression of apple defense‐related genes, together with the increased callose deposition. Silencing of MdbHLH189 compromised host resistance to V. mali. Our findings uncovered the novel epigenetic regulation mechanism of a virulence‐associated effector gene mediated by a fungal milRNA at the post‐transcriptional level, and the results enriched the understanding of the function and action mechanism of effectors in tree pathogenic fungi.
Effect of gentamicin on CD3+ T‐lymphocyte proliferation for treatment of equine recurrent uveitis: An in vitro study
Authors: Smith Hannah L. , Berglund Alix K. , Robertson James B. , Schnabel Lauren V. , McMullen Richard J. , Gilger Brian C. , Oh Annie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the study was to determine the effect of gentamicin on CD3+ T‐lymphocyte proliferation and cell viability using an in vitro cell culture model as a means of investigating the mechanism of action of low‐dose intravitreal gentamicin injection.Animals StudiedThree adult horses with no evidence of ophthalmic or systemic disease.ProcedurePeripheral blood lymphocytes were treated with gentamicin at concentrations 37.5 μg/mL, 112.5 μg/mL, 187 μg/mL, 375 μg/mL, or 750 μg/mL then stimulated to proliferate with concanavalin A (ConA). 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI) and carboxyfluoroscein succinimidyl ester (CSFE) were used as markers of cell viability and cell proliferation, respectively. Following 5‐day culture, live cell counts and CSFE fluorescent intensity data were collected via automated cell count and flow cytometry. The experimental design was duplicated using preservative‐free gentamicin and a proprietary brand formulation. Statistical analysis was performed using two‐way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparison test.ResultsNo statistically significant comparisons in CD3+ T‐lymphocyte live cell counts and geometric mean fluorescent intensity of CSFE were identified between gentamicin concentrations or formulations.ConclusionsGentamicin had no effect on equine peripheral blood CD3+ T‐lymphocyte cell viability and proliferation in concentrations ranging from “safe” to “retinotoxic” in relation to intravitreal injection volumes. Low‐dose intravitreal gentamicin may not suppress the Th1‐ and Th17‐mediated immune response.
Carotid body contribution to the physio‐pathological consequences of intermittent hypoxia: role of nitro‐oxidative stress and inflammation
Authors: Iturriaga Rodrigo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), characterized by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), is considered to be an independent risk for hypertension. The pathological cardiorespiratory consequences of OSA have been attributed to systemic oxidative stress, inflammation and sympathetic overflow induced by CIH, but an emerging body of evidence indicates that a nitro‐oxidative and pro‐inflammatory milieu within the carotid body (CB) is involved in the potentiation of CB chemosensory responses to hypoxia, which contribute to enhance the sympathetic activity. Accordingly, autonomic and cardiovascular alterations induced by CIH are critically dependent on an abnormally heightened CB chemosensory input to the nucleus of tractus solitarius (NTS), where second‐order neurons project onto the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), activating pre‐sympathetic neurons that control pre‐ganglionic sympathetic neurons. CIH produces oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the NTS and RVLM, which may contribute to the long‐term irreversibility of the CIH‐induced alterations. This brief review is mainly focused on the contribution of nitro‐oxidative stress and pro‐inflammatory molecules on the hyperactivation of the hypoxic chemoreflex pathway including the CB and the brainstem centres, and whether the persistence of autonomic and cardiorespiratory alterations may depend on the glial‐related neuroinflammation induced by the enhanced CB chemosensory afferent input.
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Validación de la Escala de Valoración de Agencia de Autocuidado Revisada en una muestra colombiana
Authors: Berrío García Nathaly , Sánchez Escudero Juan Pablo , Vieco Gómez Germán Fernando 
Published: April 2023

Resumen
Introducción: la Escala de Valoración de Agencia de Autocuidado Revisada es un instrumento diseñado para valorar el autocuidado de la salud en población clínica; sin embargo, se desconocen estudios sobre sus propiedades psicométricas en población general no-clínica colombiana. Objetivo: validar la Escala de Valoración de Agencia de Autocuidado Revisada en una muestra de 306 participantes voluntarios en Colombia. Método: estudio de diseño metodológico psicométrico realizado entre octubre y diciembre de 2021. Para el análisis de la validez de estructura se aplicaron técnicas de análisis factorial, exploratorio y confirmatorio. De manera complementaria, se evaluó la validez de contenido a través de un panel de expertos. Finalmente, como evidencia de la confiabilidad del instrumento se analizó su consistencia interna mediante el coeficiente Omega de McDonald. Resultados: los hallazgos muestran que el ASA-R muestra una estructura unidimensional que explica el 61,99 % de la varianza total. La valoración de la relevancia, claridad, precisión y comprensión de los ítems tuvo resultados cuyo promedio osciló entre una V de Aiken de 0,79 y 0,99. La consistencia interna mostró un índice satisfactorio para la escala total (ω=0,93). Conclusiones: la versión del ASA-R presentada en este artículo posee propiedades métricas adecuadas y se recomienda su uso para medir agencia de autocuidado de la salud en población sana colombiana.
Scrutinizing a hidden SM-like gauge model with corrections to oblique parameters
Authors: Tran Van Que , Nguyen Thong T. Q. , Yuan Tzu-Chiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn view of the recent high precision measurement of the Standard Model W boson mass at the CDF II detector, we compute the contributions to the oblique parameters S, T and U coming from the two additional Higgs doublets (one inert and one hidden) as well as the hidden neutral dark gauge bosons and extra heavy fermions in the gauged two-Higgs-doublet model (G2HDM). While the effects from the hidden Higgs doublet and new heavy fermions are found to be minuscule, the hidden gauge sector $$SU(2)_H \times U(1)_X$$

S
U

(
2
)

H

×
U

(
1
)

X

with gauge coupling strength $$\gtrsim 10^{-2}$$

≳

10

-
2

and gauge boson mass $$\gtrsim 100$$

≳
100

GeV can readily explain the W boson mass anomaly but is nevertheless excluded by the dilepton high-mass resonance searches at the Large Hadron Collider. On the other hand, the new global fits to the oblique parameters due to the new W boson mass measurement can give discernible impacts on the mass splitting and mixing angle for the inert Higgs doublet in G2HDM. We also study the impact on the signal strength of diphoton mode of the 125 GeV Higgs boson $$h \rightarrow \gamma \gamma $$

h
→
γ
γ

and the detectability of the yet to be observed process $$h \rightarrow Z \gamma $$

h
→
Z
γ

at the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider. Current constraints for the dark matter candidate $$W^\prime $$

W
′

including the dark matter relic density, dark matter direct detections and invisible Higgs decays are also taken into account in this study.