bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic value of intraoperative fine‐needle aspiration cytologic diagnosis versus frozen section‐based histopathologic diagnosis in thoracic malignancies: A single institution's experience
Authors: Mohamed Anas , Donthi Deepak , Malik Preeti , Rizvi Areeba , Ali Ahlam , Sutton Ann , Geisinger Kim 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrimary lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Most lung cancers are diagnosed in an outpatient setting, but a subset requires intraoperative diagnosis. Two intraoperative diagnostic methods are available, frozen section (FS) and fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology. This study compares intraoperative FNA cytology and FS based diagnosis in thoracic malignancies within the same clinical practice.MethodsPathology reports from thoracic intraoperative FNA cytology or FS (January 2017–December 2019) were reviewed. Resection diagnosis was the gold standard. If unavailable, concurrent biopsy and final FNA cytology diagnosis were the gold standard.ResultsOf 300 FNA specimens (155 patients), 142 (47%) cases were benign, and 158 (53%) were malignant. Adenocarcinoma was the most common malignant diagnosis (40%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (26%), neuroendocrine tumors (18%), and other (16%). Intraoperative FNA yielded 88% sensitivity, 99% specificity, and 92% accuracy (p < .001).Of 298 FS specimens (252 patients), 215 (72%) cases were malignant and 83 (28%) were benign. Adenocarcinomas was the most common malignant diagnosis (48%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (25%), metastatic carcinomas (13%), and other (14%). FS yielded 97% sensitivity, 99% specificity, and 97% accuracy (p < .001).ConclusionOur findings confirm FS is the gold standard for intraoperative diagnosis. FNA cytology may be useful as a non‐invasive, inexpensive initial diagnostic tool intraoperatively, given the similar specificity (99% FNA, 99% FS) and accuracy (92% FNA, 97% FS). Negative FNA could be followed by the costlier and invasive FS. We encourage surgeons to utilize intraoperative FNA first.
Frequency of new psychoactive substances in hair and urine samples of individuals subject to drug testing in driving license regranting—A toxicological perspective
Authors: Fels Helena , Musshoff Frank , Graw Matthias , DeVol Don , Wagner Thomas , Holzer Anna 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn recent years, numerous new psychoactive substances (NPS) have emerged on the illicit drug market. The assumed non‐detectability of these drugs is often a key motivation for individuals subject to drug testing, such as those in driving license regranting programs. In these programs, NPS are not routinely tested for, and thus, subjects who have to prove abstinence from common drugs of abuse might switch to NPS to avoid positive drug tests. The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of these substances in the hair and urine samples of individuals undergoing drug testing in driving license regranting. A total of 1037 samples (577 hair and 460 urine samples) collected from 949 subjects between February 2017 and December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed for designer drugs and synthetic cannabinoids by liquid chromatography–quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight–mass spectrometry (LC‐QTOF‐MS). For a more sensitive analysis of synthetic cannabinoids and their metabolites, additional testing was performed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). Overall, 42 hair and two urine samples, which were obtained from 40 subjects, tested positive for NPS resulting in a frequency of 4.2%. While synthetic cannabinoids were detected in all cases, designer drugs were only found in three of these cases. With regard to the 577 hair samples analyzed, 7.3% screened positive, whereas only 0.4% of the 460 tested urine samples contained NPS. The results of this study indicate that synthetic cannabinoid use seems to be popular among this population, and therefore, testing for synthetic cannabinoids should be requested more often preferably using hair analysis.
The proof of concept of uninterrupted push‐pull electromagnetic propulsion and energy conversion systems for drones and planet landers
Authors: VR Sanal Kumar , Mariappan Amrith , Thianesh U. K. , Sukumaran Ajith , Kumar Ashish , Lal V. K. Vijil , John Jerin , Sharma Raunak , Singh Sanjay 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlthough numerous models of aerial‐robots/drones and planet landers have been demonstrated to fly autonomously in natural and manmade environments for far‐reaching scientific and technological change to help humankind, no drone flowed yet with a push‐pull dual‐head electromagnetic propulsion (EMP) system ensuring unrestricted flight endurance. The precept of EMP is eminent as it hastens an object using a flowing electrical current, either to charge a field or opposing a magnetic field for locomotive use. Here we present a proof of concept to demonstrate the capability of a newly invented variable speed propulsion and energy conversion system for uninterruptedly generating the reciprocating motion of a magnetic piston by a solar battery‐driven polarity changer timing circuit together with a laser‐based timing circuit for redundancy. The reciprocating crusade of the magnetic piston could be successfully converted into rotary motion to generate continuous power for various multidisciplinary applications on Earth and the other planets effectively in lieu of long‐lasting rechargeable batteries. The proposed concept can also be used for devising various systems and subsystems from underwater to outer space by using light weight supermalloy, which ensures high magnetic fluxes with relatively low current. Lucrative applications include nanomaterial‐enabled locomotive applications. Aerial robots regulated with the EMP system could be used for fostering pharmaceutical florae in the international space station for drug design to negate the recently discovered phenomenon of Sanal flow choking in cardiovascular system at gravity and/or microgravity conditions. This concept is originated from mind and aimed for lucrative product developments of yocto to yotta scale energy systems and beyond by discovering new magnetic materials through the fourth industrial revolution. Herein, a proof of the concept of an unrestricted solar‐battery driven push‐pull electromagnetic propulsion and energy conversion device by use of light weight high power magnetic materials is presented.
Integrating human iPSC‐derived macrophage progenitors into retinal organoids to generate a mature retinal microglial niche
Authors: Usui‐Ouchi Ayumi , Giles Sarah , Harkins‐Perry Sarah , Mills Elizabeth A. , Bonelli Roberto , Wei Guoqin , Ouchi Yasuo , Ebihara Nobuyuki , Nakao Shintaro , Friedlander Martin , Eade Kevin T. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the retina, microglia are resident immune cells that are essential for development and function. Retinal microglia play a central role in mediating pathological degeneration in diseases such as glaucoma, retinitis pigmentosa, age‐related neurodegeneration, ischemic retinopathy, and diabetic retinopathy. Current models of mature human retinal organoids (ROs) derived from iPS cell (hiPSC) do not contain resident microglia integrated into retinal layers. Increasing cellular diversity in ROs by including resident microglia would more accurately represent the native retina and better model diseases in which microglia play a key role. In this study, we develop a new 3D in vitro tissue model of microglia‐containing retinal organoids by co‐culturing ROs and hiPSC‐derived macrophage precursor cells (MPCs). We optimized the parameters for successful integration of MPCs into retinal organoids. We show that while in the ROs, MPCs migrate to the equivalent of the outer plexiform layer where retinal microglia cells reside in healthy retinal tissue. While there, they develop a mature morphology characterized by small cell bodies and long branching processes which is only observed in vivo. During this maturation process these MPCs cycle through an activated phase followed by a stable mature microglial phase as seen by the down regulation of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and upregulation of anti‐inflammatory cytokines. Finally, we characterized mature ROs with integrated MPCs using RNAseq showing an enrichment of cell‐type specific microglia markers. We propose that this co‐culture system may be useful for understanding the pathogenesis of retinal diseases involving retinal microglia and for drug discovery directly in human tissue.
Oligodendrocyte progenitor development from the postnatal rat subventricular zone is regulated by the p75 neurotrophin receptor
Authors: Joshi Subhashini , Frondelli Michelle J. , Zanin Juan P. , Levison Steven W. , Friedman Wilma J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe precise timing of neural progenitor development and the correct balance between proliferation and differentiation are crucial to generating a functional brain. The number, survival, and differentiation of neural progenitors during postnatal neurogenesis and gliogenesis is a highly regulated process. Postnatally, the majority of brain oligodendrocytes are generated from progenitors residing in the subventricular zone (SVZ), the germinal niche surrounding the lateral ventricles. In this study, we demonstrate that the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) is highly expressed by OPCs in the postnatal male and female rat SVZ. Whereas the p75NTR is known to initiate apoptotic signaling after brain injury, it is highly expressed by proliferating progenitors in the SVZ, suggesting that it may have a different function during development. Lack of p75NTR reduced progenitor proliferation and caused premature oligodendrocyte differentiation and maturation both in vitro and in vivo, leading to aberrant early myelin formation. Our data reveal a novel role for p75NTR as a rheostat for oligodendrocyte production and maturation during myelin formation in the postnatal rat brain.
The seasonal variation of physical activity and quality of life during the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Finnish older golfers: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kettinen Julia , Venojärvi Mika , Murray Andrew , Tikkanen Heikki 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsThe COVID‐19 pandemic was associated with reduced physical activity and increased sedentary behavior. Golf is a health‐enhancing outdoor exercise and is associated with low risk of viral transmission. The purpose of this study was to describe the seasonal differences in physical activity and quality of life during the first wave of COVID‐19 pandemic in 2020 in Finnish older golfers.MethodsOlder golfers (n = 325) from eight golf clubs retrospectively responded to a questionnaire in summer 2020 on their physical activity and golf activity in winter 2019/20 (pre‐COVID‐19 winter season) and summer season 2020. In addition, they reported their quality of life after the first wave of pandemic in summer 2020. To evaluate the seasonal differences in physical activity, life quality and its association with golf activity, the data were analyzed using the Mann–WhitneyU test, Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, Spearman's correlation test, and linear regression analysis.ResultsDespite COVID‐19 restrictions, golfers' physical activity increased by 24% (p < 0.001) during the COVID‐19 restrictions in the summer of 2020. Moderate physical activity increased by 37% (p < 0.001), walking activity increased by 26% (p < 0.001), and sitting decreased by 21% (p < 0.001) compared with the pre‐COVID‐19 winter season. The full 18‐hole golf round activity was positively associated with moderate physical activity both in the summer and winter season, and with walking in the summer season. Over 90% of golfers reported good quality of life during the 2020 summer restrictions.ConclusionIn contrast to physical activity levels generally decreasing during the first wave of pandemic, physical activity levels in Finnish golfers increased, and these golfers reported a good quality of life. Golf can provide health enhancing physical activity and older golfers seems to be physically active throughout the year.
Global analysis of the COVID‐19 policy activity levels and evolution patterns: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Chen Meiqian , Dong Yucheng , Shi Xiaoping , Zhuang Jun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsSince the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), a large number of government policies have been implemented worldwide in response to the global spread of COVID‐19. This paper aims at developing a data‐driven analysis to answer the three research questions: (a) Compared to the pandemic development, are the global government COVID‐19 policies sufficiently active? (b) What are the differences and characteristics in the policy activity levels at the country level? (c) What types of COVID‐19 policy patterns are forming?MethodsUsing the Oxford COVID‐19 Government Response Tracker data set, we present a global analysis of the COVID‐19 policy activity levels and evolution patterns from January 1, 2020 to June 30, 2022, based on the differential expression‐sliding window analysis (DE‐SWAN) algorithm and the clustering ensemble algorithm.ResultsWithin the period under study, the results indicate that (a) the global government policy responses to COVID‐19 are very active, and the policy activity levels are significantly higher than those of global pandemic developments; (b) a high activity of policy is positively correlated to pandemic prevention at the country level; and (c) a high human development index (HDI) score is negatively correlated to the country policy activity level. Furthermore, we propose to categorize the global policy evolution patterns into three categories: (i) Mainstream (152 countries); (ii) China; and (iii) Others (34 countries).ConclusionThis work is one of the few studies that quantitatively explores the evolutionary characteristics of global government policies on COVID‐19, and our results provide some new perspectives on global policy activity levels and evolution patterns.
Maternal‐neonatal events resulting from medications for preventing hypertensive disorders in high‐risk pregnant women: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Liabsuetrakul Tippawan , Yamamoto Yoshiko , Kongkamol Chanon , Ota Erika , Mori Rintaro , Noma Hisashi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere have been few studies reporting on maternal and neonatal events in high‐risk pregnant women receiving medications for preventing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP).ObjectiveTo identify placental abruption, postpartum hemorrhage, neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage, and neonates with small for gestational age (SGA) or growth restriction resulting from medications for preventing HDP in high‐risk pregnant women using a network meta‐analysis.Search strategyAll randomized controlled trials comparing the most commonly used medications (antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, antioxidants, nitric oxide, and calcium) for preventing HDP in high‐risk pregnant women were searched from the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth's Specialized Register of Controlled Trials until July 31, 2020, without language restriction.Selection criteriaTwo of the authors independently selected the eligible trials.Data collection and analysisTwo authors independently extracted the data and assessed the methodological quality of the included trials. Pairwise and network meta‐analyses were used to determine comparative risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals.Main resultsThe 51 included trials involved 69 669 pregnant women. Compared with placebo/no treatment, antioxidants slightly reduced placental abruption with high‐certainty evidence. Antiplatelet agents probably reduced SGA with low‐certainty evidence and slightly increased neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage with moderate‐certainty evidence.ConclusionAntiplatelet agents probably reduce SGA, but neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage should be monitored.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO, CRD42018096276.
Soybean crop coefficients under different seeding rates and full and limited irrigation and rainfed management
Authors: Irmak Suat , Sandhu Rupinder 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe effects of soybean seeding rates on evapotranspiration (ETc) and grass‐ and alfalfa‐reference crop coefficients (Kco and Kcr) were investigated under five seeding rates (185,250, 247,000, 308,750, 370,500 and 432,250 seeds ha−1) (62, 82, 103, 124 and 144% of the recommended seeding rate of 300,000 seeds ha−1 in the experimental region) and different irrigation strategies (i.e. full irrigation treatment [FIT], limited irrigation of 75% FIT and 50% FIT and rainfed treatment). Kco and Kcr values were developed for each soybean growth stage. The seasonal ETc ranged from 460 mm for rainfed to 489 mm for FIT in 2014 under the same seeding rate of 247,000 seeds ha−1. In 2015, ETc ranged from 308 mm for rainfed conditions under the highest seeding rate (432,250 seeds ha−1) to 395 mm for FIT conditions under 308,750 seeds ha−1. Greater differences in weekly ETc were observed across irrigation levels than seeding rates, indicating that water availability has a greater impact on ETc than seeding rates. Kc values were strongly correlated with days after emergence (DAE) and growing degree days (GDD). The seasonal maximum Kco varied among seeding rates and was observed between GDDs of 924 and 1200°C, corresponding to the R5 (beginning seed) and R6 (full seed) growth stages.
Nanotextured porous titanium scaffolds by argon ion irradiation: Toward conformal nanopatterning and improved implant osseointegration
Authors: Civantos Ana , Mesa‐Restrepo Andrea , Torres Yadir , Shetty Akshath R. , Cheng Ming Kit , Jaramillo‐Correa Camilo , Aditya Teresa , Allain Jean Paul 
Published: June 2023

AbstractStress shielding and osseointegration are two main challenges in bone regeneration, which have been targeted successfully by chemical and physical surface modification methods. Direct irradiation synthesis (DIS) is an energetic ion irradiation method that generates self‐organized nanopatterns conformal to the surface of materials with complex geometries (e.g., pores on a material surface). This work exposes porous titanium samples to energetic argon ions generating nanopatterning between and inside pores. The unique porous architected titanium (Ti) structure is achieved by mixing Ti powder with given amounts of spacer NaCl particles (vol % equal to 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70%), compacted and sintered, and combined with DIS to generate a porous Ti with bone‐like mechanical properties and hierarchical topography to enhance Ti osseointegration. The porosity percentages range between 25% and 30% using 30 vol % NaCl space‐holder (SH) volume percentages to porosity rates of 63%–68% with SH volume of 70 vol % NaCl. Stable and reproducible nanopatterning on the flat surface between pores, inside pits, and along the internal pore walls are achieved, for the first time on any porous biomaterial. Nanoscale features were observed in the form of nanowalls and nanopeaks of lengths between 100 and 500 nm, thicknesses of 35‐nm and heights between 100 and 200 nm on average. Bulk mechanical properties that mimic bone‐like structures were observed along with increased wettability (by reducing contact values). Nano features were cell biocompatible and enhanced in vitro pre‐osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. Higher alkaline phosphatase levels and increased calcium deposits were observed on irradiated 50 vol % NaCl samples at 7 and 14 days. After 24 h, nanopatterned porous samples decreased the number of attached macrophages and the formation of foreign body giant cells, confirming nanoscale tunability of M1–M2 immuno‐activation with enhanced osseointegration.
Validation of a clinically applicable device for fast and accurate quantification of blood volume
Authors: Breenfeldt Andersen Andreas , Bonne Thomas C. , Hansen Joar , Oturai Peter , Lundby Carsten 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionDetermination of blood volume (BV) using the dual‐isotope (e.g., 99mTc‐labeled red blood cells [99mTc‐RBC] and 125I‐labeled human serum albumin [125I‐HSA]) injection method is limited in medicine due to the long isotope half‐life. However, BV has been determined in laboratory settings for 100 years using the carbon monoxide (CO)‐rebreathing‐based procedure, which allows frequent BV measurements.MethodsWe investigated the reliability and accuracy of a semi‐automated CO‐rebreathing device by comparing it against the dual‐isotope methodology and its ability to detect a known blood removal. In study A, BV was determined three times in ~2 h; twice using the device with rebreathing protocols lasting 2 (CO2min) and 10 min (CO10min) and once with the dual‐isotope technique. In study B, the accuracy of the device was assessed by its ability to detect a 2% removal of BV.ResultsA good correlation was observed between both the CO‐rebreathing protocols (r2 = 0.89–0.98; p < 0.001) and the dual‐isotope approach (r2 = 0.89–0.95; p < 0.001). In absolute terms BV was 425 ± 263 mL and 491 ± 388 mL lower (p < 0.001) when quantified with the dual‐isotope compared to the CO‐rebreathing protocols. When reducing BV by 132 ± 25 mL (2%), the device quantified a lower (p < 0.001) BV of 150 ± 45 mL.ConclusionThis study emphasizes that the semi‐automated device accurately determines small changes (i.e., 2%) in BV and that a high correlation with the dual‐isotope methodology exists. The findings are clinically relevant owing to the method's simple and fast nature (the absence of radioactive tracers and reduced time requirements, i.e., ~15 min vs. ~180 min) and the possibility for repeated measurements within a single day.
Live‐cell imaging reveals redox metabolic reprogramming during zygotic genome activation
Authors: Sun Hao , Zhang Zhuo , Li Tianda , Li Ting , Chen Weicai , Pan Tianshi , Fang Sen , Liu Chao , Zhang Ying , Wang Leyun , Feng Guihai , Li Wei , Zhou Qi , Zhao Yuzheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMetabolic programming is deeply intertwined with early embryonic development including zygotic genome activation (ZGA), the polarization of zygotic cells, and cell fate commitment. It is crucial to establish a noninvasive imaging technology that spatiotemporally illuminates the cellular metabolism pathways in embryos to track developmental metabolism in situ. In this study, we used two high‐quality genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors, SoNar for NADH/NAD+ and iNap1 for NADPH, to characterize the dynamic regulation of energy metabolism and redox homeostasis during early zygotic cleavage. Our imaging results showed that NADH/NAD+ levels decreased from the early to the late two‐cell stage, whereas the levels of the reducing equivalent NADPH increased. Mechanistically, transcriptome profiling suggested that during the two‐cell stage, zygotic cells downregulated the expression of genes involved in glucose uptake and glycolysis, and upregulated the expression of genes for pyruvate metabolism in mitochondria and oxidative phosphorylation, with a decline in the expression of two peroxiredoxin genes, Prdx1 and Prdx2. Collectively, with the establishment of in situ metabolic monitoring technology, our study revealed the programming of redox metabolism during ZGA.