bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Level of Knowledge and Extent of Use of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids among Physical Education University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study from Palestine
Authors: Hattab Suhaib , Zyoud Saed , Saleh Bashar , Qasarweh Laith , Draidi Mahmoud 
Published: July 2023

Background: Androgenic-anabolic steroids (AAS) use has increased in the last years, especially among athletes, due to their effect on body shape and performance. These agents could have serious side effects among this highly susciptable population.
Methods: Cross-sectional study that included physical education students at An-Najah National University over the period of November 2020 to January 2021, using an electronic questionnaire. The main outcome was to measure the level of knowledge and use of AAS.
Results: A total of 380 students were included. The mean age of the students was 21 years (SD= 4.2), and study participants were distributed almost equally according to sex. About one fourth of the students were smokers. Eighty percent of the study participants are from West Bank while the remaining 20 % are from Jerusalem and 48 territories. Furthermore, most of the students live with their families, half of them live in cities, while about 40% live in villages and only 8% in camps. The average level of knowledge about AAS was 2.95 over 8 (37/100) with a median of three. Furthermore, only 36 (10%) participants had satisfactory knowledge, scoring 80% or more. Regarding the use of AAS, eleven participants (2.9%), all males, confirmed that they are currently using AAS. Additionally, about 28 (7%) had previously used them while 30 (8%) are planning to try them in the future. Overall, 221(58%) confirmed using vitamins and minerals.
Conclusion: Our study showed that the majority of participants have a substantial lack of information regarding the potential side-effects of AAS while the level of use is comparable with other populations.
Development of Child-Friendly Oral Formulations Containing Celecoxib: Biopharmaceutical Considerations for Formulation Scientists
Authors: Shawahna Ramzi , Zyoud Ahed , Haj-Yahia Aseel , Taya Raheek 
Published: July 2023

Purpose: Recently, different international regulatory agencies and task forces have encouraged the pharmaceutical industry to develop child-friendly oral dosage forms. The biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) has emerged as a tool that facilitates the development of traditional, reformulated, and novel oral dosage forms. Little research was conducted to evaluate the applicability of the BCS in developing child-friendly oral dosage forms. This study was conducted to assess the effects of age-related developmental changes in the composition and volume of gastrointestinal fluids on the solubility and performance of oral formulations containing celecoxib.
Methods: Solubility studies were conducted at 37 ºC in the pH range of 1.2 to 6.8 in 13 different age-appropriate biorelevant media that reflected the gastric and proximal small environments in fasted and fed states for adults and pediatric populations. Quantities of celecoxib were determined using a validated HPLC method. The permeability class of celecoxib was determined using in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters, and experimental and computational molecular descriptions.
Results: The solubility of celecoxib in the adult fed-state simulated gastric fluid was lower than that in the pediatric fed-state gastric media representative of neonates (birth to 28 days) fed soy-based formula. Similarly, the solubility of celecoxib in adult fasted-state simulated intestinal media was lower than that in the pediatric fasted-state intestinal media formulated with bile salt concentrations 50% of the adult levels. However, solubility values of celecoxib were lower in the other pediatric media compared to adult media. The age-appropriate pediatric to adult solubility ratios were outside the 80 to 125% range in 3 and was borderline in 1 out of 9 pediatric to adult solubility ratios.
Conclusions: The solubility ratios of celecoxib exhibited significant variability in about 44.4% of the media. This indicated that significant age-related variability could be predicted for oral formulations containing celecoxib intended for pediatric use. Formulation scientists should consider the significant biopharmaceutical considerations when developing child-friendly oral formulations.
Community Pharmacists’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Towards Dispensing Antibiotics without Prescription (DAwP) in the West Bank, Palestine
Authors: Dweib Mohammad 
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Non-prescription dispensing of antibiotics is common in the West Bank and this could contribute to the emergence of microbial resistance.
Objectives: To evaluate knowledge, attitude, and practices of community pharmacists towards dispensing antibiotics without prescription (DAwP) in the West Bank, Palestine.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between April and May 2022 using a structured, validated, and pilot-tested questionnaire. Participants were community pharmacists who completed a 28-item questionnaire either in English or Arabic language based on their personal preference. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential analyses. Main outcome measure Knowledge, perception and practices towards dispensing antibiotics without prescription.
Results: Of the 650 community pharmacists approached, 580 completed the questionnaire (response rate: 89.3%). More than half (53.5%) of the pharmacists were not aware that DAwP is illegal practice. Lack of patient willingness to consult a physician for a non-serious infection (71.2%) and an inability to afford a consultation with a physician (63.4%) were the most common reasons claimed for DAwP. A statistically significant association was found between the number of antibiotics dispensed and educating patients about the importance of adherence and completion of the full course of antibiotics (p <0.05).
Conclusions: In general, community pharmacists have inadequate understanding of the regulations prohibiting the over-the-counter sale of antibiotics in the West Bank, explaining the high rate of DAwP in the region. A complicated approach consisting of educational interventions and improving the access to and affordability of healthcare facilities for the general public is required to efficiently reduce DAwP and its negative consequences on public health.
Preparation and characterization of drug-loaded, electrospun nanofiber mats formulated with zein or zein-based mixtures for wound healing applications.
Authors: Aljamal Salah , Sotari Shrouq , Tarawneh Ola , Al-Hashimi Nabil , Hamed Saja , Al-Hussein Mahmoud , AlKhatib Hatim S. 
Published: July 2023

Electrospun zein mats are known to have poor mechanical and water uptake properties limiting their usefulness as wound dressings.
In this study, the effects of the solvent system used, the incorporation of the polymeric additives; polyethylene glycol 20000 (PEG20K) and polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVPK30); and the crosslinking agent Tannic Acid (TA) on the mechanical and water uptake characteristics of zein – based nanofiber mats were investigated.
The incorporation of either PEG20K or PVPK30 resulted in an improvement in water vapor sorption and a reduction in water contact-angle of the nanofiber mats. In addition, the incorporation of PEG20K and PVPK30 reduced the ultimate tensile strength, and Young’s modulus while increasing the percent elongation of the nanofiber mats. The use of tannic acid as a crosslinking agent led to an increase in the water vapor sorption, ultimate tensile strength, and Young’s modulus of the nanofiber mats.
Mats with smaller average fiber diameter, greater ultimate tensile strength, higher Young's modulus, and greater water vapor sorption were obtained when using 80% (v/v) aqueous ethanol as a solvent system during the preparation of the nanofiber mats when compared to those produced using 60% (v/v) aqueous ethanol. In addition, using solutions with lower zein concentration resulted in mats with lower average fiber diameter, lower ultimate tensile strength and Young’s modulus, and higher percent elongation.
Selected formulations were loaded with tetracycline hydrochloride and drug release was evaluated in bulk liquid and using Franz diffusion cells. The use of Franz diffusion cells allowed the discrimination between formulation performance as a function of composition and water uptake properties. Drug release from nanofiber mats was also confirmed by observing the formation of an inhibition zone in cultures of E. coli and S. aureus using the agar diffusion assay.
Improved performance of zein nanofiber mats was achieved using polymeric modifiers and crosslinking with tannic acid improving their suitability for wound dressing applications.
Preparation, in vitro and in vivo evaluation of solid-in-oil dispersion-based formulation the anti-glaucoma drug, timolol maleate
Authors: Barakat Noor , Jaber Mai , AlKhatib Hatim S. 
Published: July 2023

Lowering Intraocular pressure (IOP) is a main therapeutic objective in glaucoma patients because IOP is an important risk factor for glaucoma progression. The objective of this work was to formulate and evaluate, in vitro and in vivo, a stable and effective Solid in Oil (S/O) topical formulation of the antiglaucoma drug, timolol maleate (TM). S/O dispersions were prepared by emulsification of aqueous TM solutions in cyclohexane using different amount of the span 85 then lyophilizing the emulsion to produce TM – Span 85 complexes. The complexes were then dispersed in castor oil using tip sonicator to produce S/O nanodispersions. S/O nanodispersions were evaluated in terms of particle size, polydispersity index, encapsulation efficiency, morphology, physical stability, as well as transcorneal permeation and accumulation of TM. In addition, the in vivo tolerability and efficacy of the prepared formulation in lowering intraocular pressure were evaluated in rabbits.
Spherical nanoparticles of TM with a particle size of about 134-155 nm were successfully prepared and found to be physically stable. The encapsulation efficiency was high and was found to be dependent on the level of Span 85 used.
In comparison to TM solution, S/O nanodispersion enhanced TM permeation and decreased accumulation in transcorneal diffusion studies. In addition, application TM S/O nanodispersion onto rabbit eyes resulted in a significant reduction in IOP in comparison to TM aqueous solution.
Video-based teach-to-goal intervention on inhaler technique on adults with asthma and COPD: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Al-Kharouf Mohammad , Abdeljalil Mariam , Obeidat Nathir , Al Oweidat Khaled , Awwad Oriana 
Published: July 2023

The incorrect use of inhalers is highly associated with poor patient outcomes. This randomized controlled trial investigated the impact of a novel video-based teach-to-goal (TTG) intervention on the following outcomes; mastery of inhaler technique, disease control, medication adherence, and disease-related QoL over time among patients with asthma and COPD.
After baseline assessment, participants received either a verbal (control group) or a video-based (intervention group) TTG strategy and were assessed after three months for the impact of the intervention on the intended outcomes. At baseline, intervention (n=51) and control (n=52) groups had comparable characteristics. At follow-up, inhaler technique and medication adherence improved among the intervention group compared to control group ((93.4% vs 67%) and (88.2% to 61.5%), respectively (p<0.05)) as well as to baseline ((93.4% to 49.5%) and (88.2% to 66.7%), respectively (p<0.05)). Similarly, disease control was also ameliorated among the intervention group compared to baseline (35.3% to 54.9%) (p<0.05). QoL scores improved significantly among asthma patients (intervention group) at follow-up in comparison to baseline. Better scores were also observed for COPD patients compared to controls, (p<0.05).
Interventions using video-based TTG education are effective in enhancing and retaining the inhaler technique over time, with a positive impact on disease outcomes among patients with asthma and COPD.
Expediente v. 2, n. 1, 2023 - Edição Especial SEMUCE
Authors: Rocha Luis , Andrade dos Santos Camila , Lima Marcio Soares 
Published: July 2023

A revista [re]Design é uma publicação acadêmica-científica semestral do Núcleo de Design e Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação, vinculado a Editora IFMA e ao Instituto Federal do Maranhão, e que tem como objetivo promover, apoiar e valorizar a ciência por meio da reflexão e do diálogo sobre os estudos ligados interdisciplinarmente ao campo da Arquitetura, Artes e do Design, possibilitando a democratização do acesso ao conhecimento tecnológico de forma construtiva e inclusiva. A revista [re]Design apoia-se em princípios de produção de editorial científica de qualidade, transparente e inclusiva para oferecer um conteúdo científico que alcance públicos diversos. A revista atua na divulgação de conteúdo no qual os autores mantêm os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Atribuição-Não Comercial 4.0 Internacional (CC BY NC 4.0), que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista. As opiniões e conteúdos nos resumos e textos completos publicados são de responsabilidade exclusiva de seus autores e não necessariamente refletem as opiniões dos membros da revista, bem como pela devida permissão para uso das ilustrações ou tabelas publicadas de outras fontes, são de exclusiva responsabilidade dos autores. Este periódico também não aceita e tampouco tolera artigos com conteúdos de caráter discriminatório, calunioso, e/ou difamatório e/ou que viole todo e qualquer tipo de direitos privados e/ou comerciais de terceiros.
Design of High-Frequency, High-Power Class Φ2 Inverter Through On-Resistance and Output Capacitance Loss Reduction in 650 V Parallel eGaN Transistors for Optimal Thermal Performance
Authors: Sawant Kamlesh , Zhou Yu , Palanisamy Keerti , Choi Jungwon 
Published: July 2023

<p>This paper presents a class Φ2 inverters for high-power applications using multiple enhancement-mode gallium nitride (eGaN) switching devices operating at 13.56 MHz. The eGaN devices are beneficial in high-frequency, high-power applications such as plasma processing, thanks to the low switching and conduction losses. In addition, the small size of eGaN devices increases power density while reducing the impact of parasitic package components. However, their small package size makes it challenging to manage power dissipation, particularly at higher frequencies where additional conduction losses due to dynamic R<sub>DS(on)</sub> and switching losses due to C<sub>OSS </sub>can significantly increase power dissipation. To address these challenges, we investigate the individual contributions of dynamic R<sub>DS(on)</sub> and C<sub>OSS</sub> to power losses at high frequencies by paralleling multiple devices. We also propose criteria for selecting the optimum number of parallel eGaN devices to decrease power dissipation per device by reducing conduction losses greater than the addition in C<sub>OSS</sub> losses. This approach helps to alleviate thermal stress in the devices. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by designing a 1 kW single inverter and a 2 kW push-pull inverter at 13.56 MHz, which achieve over 90% drain efficiency while reducing thermal stress in the device.</p>
STT-MRAM Technology For Energy-Efficient Cryogenic Memory Applications
Authors: Garzon Esteban , yavits leonid , Teman Adam , Lanuzza Marco 
Published: July 2023

<p>This work explores non-volatile (NV) embedded memories implemented by spin-transfer torque magnetic random access memories (STT-MRAMs). Our designs are based on state-of-the-art perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) along with a commercial 65 nm planar CMOS Bulk technology node, both operating at the liquid nitrogen temperature, 77 K. We evaluate the impact of cooling down to 77 K of the STT-MRAMs based on single- and double-barrier MTJ (SMTJ and DMTJ), and DMTJ with the relaxed non-volatility. All NV designs were benchmarked against the six-transistor SRAM (6T-SRAM) baseline. Simulation analysis relies on a 512 kB cache memory operating at 77 K. Overall, results show that the implementation of STT-MRAMs with DMTJ devices, and in particular when using the non-volatility approach by reducing the cross-section area, excel in terms of energy consumption, leading to energy savings for write/read access of about 35%/54%. This saving is obtained while also dissipating less leakage power and requiring a smaller bitcell footprint. Moreover, it presents reduced write latency overhead (as much as 1.9 × lower), at the expense of increased read latency and reduced sensing margins of about 1.8 × and 88%, respectively. The results suggest that STT-MRAM technology can be a solid alternative for energy-efficient cryogenic memory applications. </p>
Zero Trust Context-Aware Access Control Framework for IoT Devices in Healthcare Cloud AI Ecosystem
Authors: Al-hammuri Khalid , Gebali Fayez , Kanan Awos , Mamun Mohammad , Hazratifar Seyed Mehdi , Alfar Hamza 
Published: July 2023

<p>Abstract :</p>
<p>It is essential for modern healthcare systems to utilize the Internet of Things (IoT) devices that facilitate and establish the infrastructure for smart hospitals and telehealth. The advancement in telehealth technology and the increasing penetration of IoT devices make them vulnerable to different types of attacks, which require additional research and development for security tools. This article proposes a zero trust context-aware framework to manage the access of the main components in the cloud ecosystem, the users, IoT devices and output data. The framework also considers regulatory compliance and maintains the chain of trust by proposing a critical and bond trust scoring assessment that is based on a set of features and cloud-native micro-services, including authentication, encryption, logging, authorizations and machine learning like the word2vec model within Cloud AI ecosystem. </p>
A study of metonymical and metaphorical shift of meaning In selected examples
Authors: Ghan Ali 
Published: July 2023

It has been seen that a language may gain or lose lexical items . Additionally , the meaning or the semantic representation of words may change, by becoming broader or narrower, or by shifting. A lexical item may undergo a shift in meaning . For example, the word knight once meant 'youth' but shifted to 'mounted man -at- arms'. Silly used to mean 'happy' in old English. By the middle English period it shifted to mean ''naïve'', and only in modern English does it mean 'foolish'. The present study tries to identify the main differences between the metonymical and metaphorical shift of meanings used in the selected examples. It is hypothesized that both metonymy and metaphor are figures of speech; the former works by contiguity(association) between two concepts, while the latter works by the similarity between them. The steps to be followed in this study are exploring semantic change , identifying its types and investigating the metonymical and metaphorical shift of meanings, showing their differences and correlation used in the selected examples. The analysis of the data has shown that metaphor and metonymy, though quite different in their mechanism, may work together seamlessly. A metaphor produces a new concept in the target domain, a concept that is similar to the origin concept of the source domain because it contains certain elements of the source concept. Metonymy is quite different from metaphor- when talking metonymically, the same domain is remained. An element from the original concept is borrowed, but the links to the other elements are remained. The relations between the general objects and the things or aspects belonging to it are only possible within one domain. A metonymical shifts shift the reference of the word from a standard referent to an essential element of the underlying concept. Finally, it is necessary to observe that metonymy and metaphor are not mutually exclusive, but rather complemented one another . They are interacted in practice to achieve and enhance cohesion and coherence of the utterances.
IMPLEMENTASI PERATURAN DAERAH SULAWESI TENGAH TERHADAP PENGEMBANGAN SARANA DAN PRASARANA WISATA GONG PERDAMAIAN NOSARARA NOSABATUTU
Authors: Sri Yanti Ni putu Ayu , Triawati Komang , Slamet I Nyoman 
Published: July 2023

Penelitian dilakukan di Kota Palu, Sulawesi Tengah pada objek wisata Gong Perdamaian Nosarara Nosabatutu. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi dan dampak Implementasi Peraturan Daerah Sulawesi No. 05 Pasal 05 bagian c prasarana pada objek wisata Gong Perdamaian Nosarara Nosabatutu, yang dianalisis menggunakan teori implementasi kebijakan dan teori kausalitas individualis dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif menguraikan secara deskriptif hasil temuan data di lapangan. Instrumen penelitian terdiri dari pedoman wawancara, pedoman observasi, perekam, pulpen, buku, dan kamera. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Sumber informasi yaitu pengelola objek wisata Gong Perdamaian Nosarara Nosabatutu, anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Sulawesi Tengah, serta Dinas Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah. Hasil implementasi Peraturan Daerah Sulawesi Tengah No.05 Pasal 05 Bagian c pada objek wisata Gong Perdamaian meliputi, Prasasti Gong perdamaian Nusantara dan Tugu Nosarara Nosabatutu, Prasarana akses jalan dan tempat parkir, sarana akomodasi, fasilitas wisata, aktifitas rekrasi, pembelanjaan, komunikasi, pelayanan kesehatan, keamanan, kebersihan serta sarana peribadahan. Dampak implementasi Peraturan Daerah (PERDA) Sulawesi Tengah tahun 2019 No.05 Pasal 05 Bagian c pada objek wisata Gong Perdamaian Nosarara Nosabatutu diharapkan dijadikan sebagai payung hukum untuk mengajukan permohonan bantuan kepada pemerintah oleh masing masing pengelola objek wisata.
Moringa Oleifera Addition to Puding on Organoleptic Test and Nutritional Content
Authors: Afriza Renita , Yuska Defniwita , Yuniarti Elsyie 
Published: July 2023

Efforts are being made to address malnutrition in Indonesia, one of which is food diversification based on innovation and the development of additional food formulations to increase toddler immunity. One of the progs being developed is moringa oleifera. Moringa leaves contain a variety of nutrients, including protein, ß-carotene, vitamin C, iron, zinc, and calcium. Combining jelly with vegetables is one way to help parents deal with their children who don't like vegetables. This study looked at how adding moringa leaf flour to pudding affected the amount of calcium, iron, and zinc, as well as organoleptic testing. This type of study is an actual experiment with four (four) treatments of adding moringa leaf powder and a fully randomized design, namely 0 g, 3 g, 5 g and 7 g. Data analysis utilizing the Mann Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. 25 moderately trained panelists underwent organoleptic testing, and the amounts of Ca, Fe, and Zn were measured at the Baristand Padang. According to the study's findings, pudding with 3g of moringa leaf flour added was the best treatment when combined with Ca 116,53 mg, Fe 2,05 mg, and Zn 5,17 mg. Therefore, it can be inferred that adding moringa leaf flour to pudding has an impact on the organoleptic tests, Ca, Fe, and Zinc levels.