bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A survey of American paired teachers in dual language Chinese immersion programs
Authors: Hill Sean R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOne Mandarin immersion programming model involves a pair of partner teachers switching cohorts of students. Many programs meet their staffing needs with international teachers that remain with the school district for 1–3 years. Due to transient staffing, many partner teachers find themselves as mentors to their immersion teachers and maintain the program's institutional knowledge. A national survey of 106 American teachers examined their attitudes regarding collaboration with their Chinese teacher, identification as a mentor, perceived administrative support, and school climate. Many participants worked in public elementary one‐way immersion programs classified as schools within a school; about 20% worked in full immersion schools. The partner teachers agreed that they felt connected to and supported by other staff in their building, and reported positive structures in place for student success. Respondents signaled a need for more professional development on immersion education, Chinese culture, and the partner teacher role. Some indicated administrators would promote the program without understanding it. Many reported the immersion teachers' needs for more targeted professional development about American culture and the education system because of misunderstandings at the building level. Despite concerns, partner teachers found the role challenging but professionally rewarding.
Coral adaptive capacity insufficient to halt global transition of coral reefs into net erosion under climate change
Authors: Cornwall Christopher Edward , Comeau Steeve , Donner Simon D. , Perry Chris , Dunne John , van Hooidonk Ruben , Ryan James S. , Logan Cheryl A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractProjecting the effects of climate change on net reef calcium carbonate production is critical to understanding the future impacts on ecosystem function, but prior estimates have not included corals' natural adaptive capacity to such change. Here we estimate how the ability of symbionts to evolve tolerance to heat stress, or for coral hosts to shuffle to favourable symbionts, and their combination, may influence responses to the combined impacts of ocean warming and acidification under three representative concentration pathway (RCP) emissions scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). We show that symbiont evolution and shuffling, both individually and when combined, favours persistent positive net reef calcium carbonate production. However, our projections of future net calcium carbonate production (NCCP) under climate change vary both spatially and by RCP. For example, 19%–35% of modelled coral reefs are still projected to have net positive NCCP by 2050 if symbionts can evolve increased thermal tolerance, depending on the RCP. Without symbiont adaptive capacity, the number of coral reefs with positive NCCP drops to 9%–13% by 2050. Accounting for both symbiont evolution and shuffling, we project median positive NCPP of coral reefs will still occur under low greenhouse emissions (RCP2.6) in the Indian Ocean, and even under moderate emissions (RCP4.5) in the Pacific Ocean. However, adaptive capacity will be insufficient to halt the transition of coral reefs globally into erosion by 2050 under severe emissions scenarios (RCP8.5).
GOODHART'S LAW AND MACHINE LEARNING: A STRUCTURAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Hennessy Christopher A. , Goodhart Charles A. E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe develop a simple structural model to illustrate how penalized regressions generate Goodhart bias when training data are clean but covariates are manipulated at known cost by future agents. With quadratic (extremely steep) manipulation costs, bias is proportional to Ridge (Lasso) penalization. If costs depend on absolute or percentage manipulation, the following algorithm yields manipulation‐proof prediction: Within training data, evaluate candidate coefficients at their respective incentive‐compatible manipulation configuration. We derive analytical coefficient adjustments: slopes (intercept) shift downward if costs depend on percentage (absolute) manipulation. Statisticians ignoring manipulation costs select socially suboptimal penalization. Model averaging reduces these manipulation costs.
Characterisation of gluten‐free breads made with sorghum, teff, and yacon flour using rapid sensory characterisation methodologies
Authors: Pelinson Tridapalli Luiza , Cardoso Flávia Aparecida Reitz , Iwamura Lucas Shinti , Droval Adriana Aparecida , Marques Leila Larisa Medeiros , Bona Evandro , Beneti Stéphani Caroline , Cristaldo Heck Stênio , Fuchs Renata Hernandez Barros 
Published: March 2023

SummaryReplacing gluten‐containing flours with gluten‐free ingredients is a challenge for the food industry due to the technological properties of this protein. This work aimed to evaluate, through the acceptance test, Flash Profile, and Just About Right (JAR), gluten‐free bread formulations made with sorghum, teff, and yacon flours. Through experimental design, nine formulations were submitted to acceptance test, which provided the formulation optimised by the overall acceptance scores of the samples. In the subsequent trials, four formulations were evaluated, F1 (100% sorghum), F2 (100% teff), F3 (100% yacon), and F4 (optimised formulation, with 33.33% of each flour). F1 was described by bread yeast odour, crumb texture, and salty taste. F2 presented a salty taste and bread flavour. F3 was characterised by softness, crumb texture, moisture, chewiness, and porosity. F4 was described by pleasant aroma, yeast odour, sweet taste, crumb texture, and porosity, and being the best evaluated in terms of overall acceptance. The descriptive sensory profile of the formulations highlighted attributes that enabled the use of sorghum, teff, and yacon in the preparation of gluten‐free bread and highlighted that the mixture of the three in the optimised formulation positively influences the sensory characteristics of the product, improving flavour, taste, and texture.
Synthesis, high yield strategy and application of nisin: A review
Authors: Wang Rui , Yu Shuang , Huang Yueying , Liu Yanan 
Published: March 2023

SummaryNisin is a peptide with antibacterial activity against a variety of pathogens. It was originally obtained from a Lactococcus lactis. It is classified as a class I bacteriocin, as it is synthesised by ribosomes and post‐translationally modified. It has been studied extensively and has a wide range of applications in the food industry, biomedicine, veterinary, and research fields. It is approved as a food preservative by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). What's more, nisin, the only antimicrobial peptide that has generally considered as safe (GRAS) status from both World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA), has the potential to become an important natural antibiotic as bacteria become more resistant to traditional antibiotics. However, nisin purified from biological sources usually results in low yields and high production costs, limiting industrial‐scale manufacturing and application in other fields. Hence, more methods need to be used to optimise the production of nisin. Therefore, this paper aimed to understand the structure and biosynthesis mechanism of nisin and to summarise the innovative methods for increasing the production of nisin using biosynthesis regulation.
Administration of intravenous iron through a home‐based infusion strategy is safe and has high patient acceptance
Authors: Liu Dorothy , Atienza Eloisa , Santamaria Lynne , Sinnappu Rabin , Garg Mayur 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsTo evaluate the safety and patient experience of a hospital‐initiated home‐based iron infusion service in patients with iron deficiency with or without anaemia.MethodsRetrospective cohort study, including adult patients who received intravenous iron through a Hospital in The Home service in a single tertiary centre between August 2020 and 2021. A chart review was conducted for documented adverse events (AEs). A telephone survey assessed patient acceptance with three questions on a 5‐point Likert scale: (i) How do you perceive the experience of having your infusion given in the home? (ii) Would you like to have the infusion in the same location if you require one in the future? and (iii) Do you feel safe having your infusion at home?Outcome measuresPercentage of patients experiencing AEs and patient acceptance of a home‐based iron infusion strategy.ResultsOne hundred ninety‐seven patients were included (181 ferric carboxymaltose and 16 ferric derisomaltose). Six (3%) patients (2 of 181 patients who received ferric carboxymaltose compared with 4 of 16 patients who received ferric derisomaltose, P < 0.001, Fisher's exact) experienced AEs, mostly headache and pruritus. Most patients who participated in the telephone survey had a positive experience (57/58 (98%)), felt safe (57/58 (98%)) and preferred future infusions to occur at home (52/58 (90%)).ConclusionA home‐based iron infusion strategy was safe and well accepted by patients. Larger studies evaluating the safety profile of different iron formulations in the home setting are required.
CD226 deficiency exacerbated intestinal immune dysregulation in mice with dinitrochlorobenzene‐induced atopic dermatitis
Authors: Wang Tingting , Qiao Wei , Xie Yang , Ma Jingchang , Hu Wei , Yang Lu , Li Xuemei , Duan Chujun , Wu Shuwen , Wang Yuling , Cheng Kun , Zhang Yuan , Zhuang Ran 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntestinal mucosal immunity plays a pivotal role in host defence. In this study, we found that cluster of differentiation 226 (CD226) gene knockout (KO) led to more severe atopic dermatitis (AD)‐related skin pathologies and bowel abnormalities in a 2,4‐dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)‐induced AD‐like mouse model. Following DNCB administration, the expression of CD226 was elevated in intestinal mucosal tissues, including group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) and CD4+ T cells of Peyer's patches (PPs). CD226 deficiency led to an overactive intestinal immune response in the AD‐like mice, as evidenced by increased inflammation and Th1/Th2‐related cytokine levels as well as increased Paneth cell numbers and antimicrobial peptide (AMP) expression, which was likely due to the higher interleukin (IL)‐22 production in the lamina propria. Additionally, CD226 deficiency increased the production of IL‐4 and IL‐17 in mesenteric lymph nodes as well as the number of PPs and expression of immunoglobulin (Ig) A in B cells. Moreover, insufficient expression of CD226 affected the characterization of intraepithelial and lamina propria lymphocytes in the intestinal mucosa. Finally, the number of PPs was increased in CD4+ T cell‐specific CD226 KO and regulatory T (Treg) cell‐specific CD226 KO mice; thus, loss of CD226 in Treg cells resulted in impaired Treg cell‐suppressive function. Therefore, our findings indicate that CD226 deficiency alters intestinal immune functionality in inflammatory diseases.
Estimating the Reciprocal of a Binomial Proportion
Authors: Wei Jiajin , He Ping , Tong Tiejun 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThe binomial proportion is a classic parameter with many applications and has also been extensively studied in the literature. By contrast, the reciprocal of the binomial proportion, or the inverse proportion, is often overlooked, even though it also plays an important role in various fields. To estimate the inverse proportion, the maximum likelihood method fails to yield a valid estimate when there is no successful event in the Bernoulli trials. To overcome this zero‐event problem, several methods have been introduced in the previous literature. Yet to the best of our knowledge, there is little work on a theoretical comparison of the existing estimators. In this paper, we first review some commonly used estimators for the inverse proportion, study their asymptotic properties, and then develop a new estimator that aims to eliminate the estimation bias. We further conduct Monte Carlo simulations to compare the finite sample performance of the existing and new estimators, and also apply them to handle the zero‐event problem in a meta‐analysis of COVID‐19 data for assessing the relative risks of physical distancing on the infection of coronavirus.
Nurses' perception of identity, practice and support needed in primary care: A descriptive qualitative study
Authors: Brzozowski Sarah L. , King Barbara , Steege Linsey M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsTo explore how primary care registered nurses (PCRNs) describe their professional identity, their perception of their practice, and the support they need to effectively perform the responsibilities of their role.DesignA qualitative descriptive design using inductive content analysis.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with registered nurses (n = 14) working in primary care settings in the United States between June 2018 and December 2020. Inductive content analysis was used and comprised three phases: preparation, organizing, and reporting. COREQ reporting guidelines were used.ResultsThree categories were discovered related to PCRN identity and practice: Wearing Multiple Hats, Practicing Within Bounds and Change is a Part of Practice. There were also three categories for support needed: Entering In, Ongoing Support and Making it a Better Place. Within each category, subcategories were identified.ConclusionPrimary care registered nurses have a unique professional identity and practice. When entering the setting, nurses must acquire the skills and knowledge to ask the right questions and navigate the system to meet the diverse and complex needs of their patients. PCRNs recognize change is a part of practice and have ideas and visions for what the role of PCRNs could be.Implications for ProfessionRecognizing the unique identity and practice of PCRNs is necessary to create an environment that leverages their skills and knowledge.ImpactWe identified key elements of PCRN identity and practice and the support necessary to meet their needs. Healthcare organizations must ensure nurses new to the practice setting receive training and support for their unique and essential role. Additionally, leaders must partner with nurses to enhance nursing practice and achieve optimal patient outcomes.Reporting MethodAdherence to COREQ guidelines were maintained.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Acute and intensive care nurses' perspectives on suicide prevention with medically hospitalized patients: Exploring barriers, facilitators, interests, and training opportunities
Authors: Darnell Doyanne , Pierson Andria , Whitney Joanne D. , Wolkow Catherine A. , Dorsey Shannon , Boudreaux Edwin D. , Areán Patricia A. , Comtois Katherine Anne 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsTo explore opportunities for acute and intensive care nurses to engage in suicide prevention activities with patients hospitalized for medical, surgical or traumatic injury reasons.DesignA qualitative descriptive study.MethodsWe conducted two studies consisting of 1‐h focus groups with nurses. Study 1 occurred prior to the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic during January and February of 2020 and identified barriers and facilitators of engaging in an eLearning training in suicide safety planning and engaging patients on their units in suicide safety planning. Study 2 occurred in December of 2020 and explored nurses' perspectives on their role in suicide prevention with patients on their units and training needs related to this. The research took place at an urban level 1 trauma center and safety net hospital where nurses universally screen all admitted patients for suicide risk. We conducted a rapid analysis of the focus group transcripts using a top‐down, framework‐driven approach to identify barriers, facilitators, strategies around barriers, and training interests mentioned.ResultsTwenty‐seven registered nurses participated. Nurses indicated they serve a population in need of suicide prevention and that the nursing role is an important part of suicide care. A primary barrier was having adequate uninterrupted time for suicide prevention activities and training; however, nurses identified various strategies around barriers and offered suggestions to make training successful.ConclusionFindings suggest training in suicide prevention is important for nurses in this context and there are opportunities for nurses to engage patients in interventions beyond initial screening; however, implementation will require tailoring interventions and training to accommodate nurses' workload in the hospital context.ImpactAcute and intensive care nurses play a key role in the public health approach to suicide prevention. Understanding perspectives of bedside nurses is critical for guiding development and deployment of effective brief interventions.No public or patient involvementThis study is focused on eliciting and exploring perspectives of acute and intensive care nurses.
An empirical analysis of the effects of the Dodd–Frank Act on determinants of credit ratings
Authors: Ahmed Anwer S. , Wang Dechun , Xu Nina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe study the effects of the Dodd–Frank Act (“Dodd–Frank”) on determinants of credit ratings. We predict that the increase in regulatory oversight and litigation risk prompted by Dodd–Frank, as well as requirements for improved disclosures and governance, motivated credit rating agencies (CRAs) to increase the reliance on verifiable quantitative fundamental information in determining ratings. We find that the power of firm fundamentals in explaining credit ratings increases significantly after Dodd–Frank. Furthermore, we find that the greater reliance on quantitative firm fundamentals at least partially drives the improvement in credit ratings’ ability to predict future defaults. Collectively, our evidence suggests that Dodd–Frank incentivizes CRAs to use more quantitative information in making rating decisions, which improves credit rating quality.
Accuracy of the Apple watch for detection of AF: A multicenter experience
Authors: Wasserlauf Jeremiah , Vogel Kelly , Whisler Cailin , Benjamin Emelia , Helm Robert , Steinhaus Daniel A. , Yousuf Omair , Passman Rod S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe Apple watch (AW) irregular rhythm notification (IRN) feature uses photoplethysmography to identify prolonged episodes of irregular rhythm suggestive of atrial fibrillation (AF). IRN is FDA cleared for those with no previous history of AF, however, these devices are increasingly being used for AF management. The objective of the present study was to determine the accuracy of the IRN in subjects with a previous diagnosis of nonpermanent AF.MethodsSubjects with a history of nonpermanent AF and either an insertable cardiac monitor (ICM) or cardiac implanted electronic device (CIED) with <5% ventricular pacing were fitted with an AW Series 5 for 6 months. AF episodes were compared between the ICM/CIED and IRN. The primary endpoints were sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of the IRN by subject for AF ≥1 h. Secondary endpoints were sensitivity and PPV by AF episode ≥1 h. Analysis was limited to a maximum of 10 ICM/CIED episodes per subject and included only those AF episodes occurring during active AW use confirmed by activity data.ResultsThirty participants were enrolled. Mean age was 65.4 ± 12.2 years and 40% were female. There were 10 ICMs and 20 CIEDs. Eleven subjects had AF on ICM/CIED while the AW was worn, of whom 8 were detected by IRN. There were no false positive IRN detections by subject (“by subject” 72% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% PPV, and 90% NPV). Five subjects had AF only when the AW was not worn. There were a total of 70 AF episodes on ICM/CIED, 35 of which occurred while the AW was being worn. Of these, 21 were detected by IRN with 1 false positive (“by episode” sensitivity = 60.0%, PPV = 95.5%).ConclusionIn a population with known AF, the AW IRN had a low rate of false positive detections and high specificity. Sensitivity for detection by subject and by AF episode was lower. The current IRN algorithm appears accurate for AF screening as currently cleared, but increased sensitivity and wear times would be necessary for disease management.
Ultrasound guidance for femoral venous access in patients undergoing pulmonary vein isolation: A quasi‐randomized study
Authors: Kupo Peter , Riesz Tamas Janos , Saghy Laszlo , Vamos Mate , Bencsik Gabor , Makai Attila , Kohari Maria , Benak Attila , Miklos Marton , Pap Robert 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionRoutine ultrasound (US) guidance for femoral venous access to decrease vascular complications of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation procedures has been advocated. However, the benefit has not been unequivocally demonstrated by randomized‐trial data.MethodsConsecutive patients undergoing pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) on uninterrupted anticoagulant treatment were included. A quasi‐random allocation to either US‐guided or conventional puncture group was based on which of the two procedure rooms the patient was scheduled in, with only one of the rooms equipped with a US machine including a vascular transducer. The same four novice operators in rotation, with no relevant previous experience in US‐guided vascular access performed venous punctures in both rooms. Major and minor vascular complications and the rate of prolonged hospitalization were compared. Major vascular complication was defined as groin hematoma, arteriovenous fistula, or pseudoaneurysm. Hematoma was considered as a major vascular complication if it met type 2 or higher Bleeding Academic Research Consortium criteria (requiring nonsurgical, medical intervention by a health care professional; leading to hospitalization or increased level of care, or prompting evacuation).ResultsOf the 457 patients 199 were allocated to the US‐guided puncture group, while the conventional, palpation‐based approach was performed in 258 cases. Compared with the conventional technique, US guidance reduced the rate of any vascular complication (11.63% vs. 2.01%, p < .0001), including both major (4.26% vs. 1.01%, p = .038) and minor (7.36% vs. 1.01%, p = .001) vascular complications. In addition, the rate of prolonged hospitalization was lower in the US‐guided puncture group (5.04% vs. 1.01%, p = .032).ConclusionThe use of US for femoral vein puncture in patients undergoing PVI decreased the rate of both major and minor vascular complications. This quasi‐randomized comparison strongly supports adapting routine use of US for AF ablation procedures.