bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Halogens as Potential Thyroid Disruptors – In Sílico Simulation and Mathematical Model for Triggering Autoimmune Thyroiditis
Authors: Andrade Luis Jesuino de Oliveira , de Oliveira Luis Matos , Bittencourt Alcina Maria Vinhaes , de Oliveira Luisa Correia Matos , de Oliveira Gabriela Correia Matos 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Introduction

The halogens are the non-metallic chemical elements belonging to group 17 of the Periodic Table, namely: fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, astate, and teness. Halogens are biologically atypical components, however are frequent as replacement in the binders of the thyroid hormones and inhibitors, binding precisely to nucleic acids and proteins.

Objective

Simulate in sílico and through a mathematical model the interactions between the ionic changes in the thyroxine (T4) molecule in the process of autoimmunity induction.

Methods

We used an online application to simulate the docking of fluorine, chlorine, and bromine in the T4 molecule in place of iodine. A hypothetical-deductive mathematical model was assembled to evaluate halogen substitution in the T4 molecule and immune system and its correlation with the development of autoimmune thyroiditis.

Results

Simulation of the coupling of fluorine, chlorine and bromine, instead of iodine, to T4 were successful using the induced fit docking program. Positioning of each halogen ion in replacing the iodine at position 5 of T4 was achieved. The mathematical model used demonstrated that the change of the halogen ion in the T4 molecule has been shown to be the trigger for the autoimmune trigger of thyroiditis.

Conclusion

The findings from this study suggest that halogens of lower atomic weight than iodine may act as a trigger for the onset of autoimmune thyroiditis.
Evaluation of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine residents’ diagnostic accuracy in lung ultrasound interpretation in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study at two public teaching hospitals
Authors: Beyene Temesgen 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: Point of Care ultrasound is defined as a goal-directed ultrasound exam performed by the treating physician to answer a well-defined question relevant to the immediate care of a patient. Currently, lung ultrasound is increasingly used in critically ill patients as an alternative to bedside chest radiography. Point of care ultrasound is a mandatory training for emergency and critical care physicians but there are no published papers on the diagnostic accuracy of lung ultrasound performed by emergency medicine residents. This study aims to assess the diagnostic accuracy of emergency medicine residents’ chest ultrasound interpretation at two public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study targeting senior emergency residents in two hospitals in comparison with radiologists. The study was conducted from June 2022 to August 2022 by using a structured questionnaire. There were a total of 70 emergency residents at these hospitals. The completed data was coded, manually checked, and exported to SPSS version 25 for data analysis.
Results: 60 emergency and critical care medicine residents were enrolled in this study among which 28 (46.7%) were from Addis Ababa University and 32 (53.3%) were from St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College. The overall accuracy in the interpretation of chest ultrasound was low. The sensitivity of residents in detecting normal chest ultrasounds was 95%. Most residents correctly identified pneumothorax at 96.7% and the lowest rate of interpretation was lung metastasis at 5%. There is a moderate agreement between emergency residents and radiologists (kappa 0.4). There is no factor identified that has a significant association with the outcome of interpreting chest ultrasound scans.
Conclusion: The skills of residents in interpreting chest ultrasound results are low regardless of the prevalence of the condition in the emergency room or the relative clinical importance of the condition. Poor sensitivity results with misinterpretations were common. Recommendation: we recommend the need for continuous training and assessment of the reside nts on lung ultrasound scanning. Further studies should be done, to fill the gaps and improve the quality of teaching.
How I Motivate and Communicate with Clients in My Practice
Authors: Johnson Andrew 
Published: February 2023

Motivating yourself and your client to improve their operation is something that I try and work with on a daily basis
The thing that I think is important is that we need to think of the client's needs first, not ours, but what is our client's need and our client's want to be successful. The dairymen's needs have changed treatment to production medicine and the question that I have is: Do we fit those needs? I guess I've had trouble thinking that we've done a poor job fitting those needs and we'd have to change. Listen to what the dairymen want and then we must provide it. Let's not provide what we want, but let's provide what those dairymen need. Let's listen to his needs and figure out what he has and what he wants to be successful.
Clinical Effect of Dimethylsulphoxide in Sheep Suffering froin Heartwater
Authors: Tutt C. L. C. , Van Amstel S. R. , Reyers F. 
Published: February 2023

Clinical heartwater, an often-fatal tick-borne disease, is caused by the rickettsia Cowdria ruminantium transmitted by the Amblyomma tick species. This disease is characterized by pyrexia (rectal temperature exceeding 40°C/104°F), listlessness and depression, inappetence and forestomach atony, hyperesthesia, hypermetria, lateral recumbency and agonal paddling of the limbs. Petechiation of the mucous membranes is common and chemosis (edema) of the conjunctiva may be evident. There are numerous strains of the causative organism that result in various presentations of clinical disease. The disease is the third most important cause of financial loss to livestock farmers in sub-Saharan Africa.
Heartwater is known to occur on Guadeloupe, and it has been suggested that the disease may spread to the American mainland either via subclinically infected imported livestock or on migrating cattle egrets that carry the vector. Climatic conditions suitable for establishment of the vector exist, and large populations of susceptible white-tailed deer offer the possibility of widescale spread of the disease.
Oxytetracyclines are the therapeutic drug group of choice in treatment of the disease. While anecdotal evidence of the beneficial effects of other symptomatic treatments exist none of these have been subjected to scientific scrutiny. Dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), an aprotic hygroscopic solvent that, by its oxygen radical scavenging effect, displays anti-inflammatory properties, has been used as a symptomatic treatment with anecdotal beneficial effect. In a trial comparing anti-inflammatory agents in the treatment of mice suffering from heartwater, the group treated with DMSO had a higher survival rate. Based on this data, a trial was designed to gauge the clinical effect of DMSO in sheep suffering from heartwater.
Client Perception = Your Reality
Authors: Bonvicini Kathleen A. 
Published: February 2023

Despite a consensus of the importance of technical competence in veterinary care, clients rate the most important characteristics for choosing a veterinarian to be the ability to communicate understanding, compassion, and respect, and provide information in clear and simple language. Similarly, veterinarians value the importance of communication skills as necessary for practice success, yet many veterinarians state inadequate training in this area.
Providing quality animal care involves more than just technical competency. Regardless of the health care needs of the patient, clear and compassionate communication on the part of the veterinary team is critical to enhancing the overall experience for both animal and client, before, during and after the clinical visit. Effective communication is considered to be the essence of quality veterinary care and one of the necessary skills required in clinical practice and expected by clients.
Factors Influencing Bovine Respiratory Disease in Stocker and Feeder Cattle
Authors: Smith Robert A. 
Published: February 2023

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) continues to be the major health problem of stocker and feeder cattle, despite many years of research and technological advances. Animal husbandry practices that reduce stress have long been shown to reduce BRD morbidity, such as reducing commingling, weaning/preconditioning, performing routine surgeries early in life, nutritional management, and biosecurity. These management practices complement vaccination programs by reducing stress, and ultimately morbidity rates.
This paper is not an in-depth review of management practices that influence morbidity, but rather cites several examples of how animal husbandry practices can reduce stress and associated morbidity rates.
Tri-County Steer Carcass Futurity Data
Authors: Busby Darrell 
Published: February 2023

Consignors to the Iowa Tri-County Steer Carcass Futurity are able to utilize growth, health, and carcass data to make changes in their cowherd. Non-weaned calves were 3.4 times more likely to experience bovine respiratory disease (BRD) than weaned calves, independent of differences in age, test center, or vaccine status. Calves vaccinated with killed vaccines were 2.2 times more likely to experience BRD than calves vaccinated with modified-live virus vaccines, independent of other factors.
Other factors influencing net return and carcass traits are discussed in detail.
influence of different nutritional planes in the dry period on immunoglobulin G concentration of bovine colostrum
Authors: Mann S. , Leal Yepes F. , Overton T. R. , Nydam D. 
Published: February 2023

High-quality colostrum is important for successful rearing of calves. Parity and length of dry period have been discussed as factors influencing the quality of colostrum. However, the role of the nutritional plane of the cow during the dry period and its effect on the colostral immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration remains unclear. Results from studies carried out in sheep suggest that colostrum volume as well as composition can be affected by different energy levels prepartum. Furthermore, recent publications in the field of human medicine have found lower concentrations of IgG in colostrum from women suffering from an altered insulin response. Because dry cows on a high-energy diet are at increased risk to develop insulin resistance, and their colostrum volume and IgG concentration might be affected in a similar manner as that in other species, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different nutritional planes during the dry period on colostrum composition.
Fatty acids and fat supplements in lactating dairy cow rations
Authors: Lock Adam L. , De Souza Jonas 
Published: February 2023

In most Federal Milk Market Orders milk fat and protein yield are the major contributors to the price that producers receive for milk. The addition of supplemental fatty acid (FA) sources to diets is a common practice in dairy nutrition to increase dietary energy density and to support milk production. The ability to understand and model FA, the effects of individual FA, and different FA supplements on production parameters has direct impact on dairy industry recommendations and the usefulness of FA supplementation strategies. The emphasis of the current paper is on biological processes and quantitative changes during the metabolism of FA in the rumen and the effect this has on FA availability to the dairy cow, the digestibility of these FA, and their overall impact on performance. We will focus on recent research supplementing palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0)-enriched supplements, on feed intake, digestibility, milk production, and milk composition, and energy partitioning.
Investigation of the relationship between udder towel hygiene, udder towel management and intramammary infection in late lactation dairy cows
Authors: Rowe S. M. , Godden S. M. , Royster E. E. , Timmerman J. A. , Boyle M. 
Published: February 2023

Pre-milking cleaning and teat disinfection is a common practice on US dairy farms. Studies have shown that towel laundering practices can influence levels of bacteria in towels that are used in teat preparation. Consequently, some laboratories offer towel culture services, which are used by practitioners to evaluate the effectiveness of towel laundering systems. However, the impact of poor towel hygiene on udder health is not well understood, and few surveys have been conducted to describe towel hygiene, or management strategies to improve towel hygiene, on US dairy farms.
The objectives of this cross-sectional study are to: 1) describe the levels of bacteria in udder towels on US dairy farms, 2) describe associations between towel total bacteria count (TBC) and intramammary infection (IMI) prevalence for individual pathogens and specific pathogen groups in late lactation cows, 3) identify laundering-related risk factors for high towel bacteria count, and 4) identify critical levels of bacteria in towels, that might be used as cut-points to guide practitioners when interpreting towel culture reports. This study is ongoing, with results currently being assembled. In this abstract we report preliminary results.
Transitioning from film to farm
Authors: Ostrum Peter 
Published: February 2023

As a food animal veterinarian in a rural community, it can sometimes be difficult to appreciate the contributions that our profession provides to the local and global healthcare arena. As trusted and respected professionals, veterinarians may be the ideal messenger to help promote the "One Health” initiative of interdisciplinary collaboration and communication in all aspects of healthcare for humans, animals, and the environment. Modern agricultural trends and demographic changes in recent decades have allowed many consumers to lose touch with their historical agrarian roots. To help bridge this gap, technically proficient veterinarians with excellent communication skills can play a key role to clarify animal agriculture practices in the US today. Drawing on our previous life experiences, our responsibility to the veterinary profession as bovine practitioners is to embrace new challenges with imagination and grace. Recent graduates and seasoned veterans need to remain confident, yet humble, as we realize our personal and professional goals and aspirations.
Mentoring milkers while bridging the language barrier
Authors: Swan Ashley J. 
Published: February 2023

The dairy industry is increasingly reliant on hired employees, much of which is represented by immigrant labor. Thus, there is a growing need for training and education of dairy employees as there is often a lack of previous dairy experience, and employee turnover rates are problematic on many farms. This is especially the case for tasks related to milk quality, i.e., milking, moving cows, housing management, etc. Veterinarians are uniquely qualified to help bridge the gap between the labor needs of the dairy farm and the needs of employees so that they can better engage in the productivity of the farm.
This article will offer personal experiences from the perspective of a private practitioner, on how to develop and sustain an employee training model that not only includes ‘how to do things’, but ‘why they are important’. Cultural and language barriers may intimidate some practitioners from participating in employee training if the farm workforce includes Latino employees. However, these issues can be addressed and economic value for the farm and employee satisfaction can be attained.
Conflict resolution
Authors: Oster Kurt A. 
Published: February 2023

Just mentioning conflict is enough to make some people cringe. However, when thinking of conflict resolution, it is important to remember a few key concepts. First, not all conflict is bad. Second, most conflict does not go away on its own, so it is better to address it sooner than later.
I have always heard that veterinarians avoid conflict. While not every veterinarian is the same, I will say that I have found that the majority of veterinarians I have known certainly do prefer to avoid conflict. On the flip side, a small percentage choose to confront conflict head-on and aggressively, which only serves to push the conflict underground.
What we know is that employees want someone to step up and resolve the conflict so everyone can move on. The realty is you don’t have to always get it right, but you do have to try. Ignoring the conflict and hoping it will resolve itself only makes valuable team members disengage and eventually leave.
In this session we will introduce you to some styles of conflict resolution, but more importantly, to some conflict resolution skills that are universally applicable to all types of conflict at work and at home.
Calf age does not affect test sensitivity or specificity for detection of BVD virus in New Zealand
Authors: McDougall S. , Rhoades J. 
Published: February 2023

Bovine virus diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a common viral infection which results in immunosuppression, gastrointestinal disease, and impaired fertility. Where cattle are less than 150 d pregnant and are exposed to the virus, the fetus may become persistently infected (PI) resulting in lifetime shedding of the virus. Control strategies include testing and removing PI calves based on testing ear-notch tissue samples to minimize the risk of false negative results associated with persistence of maternal antibodies.
This study aimed to define the prevalence at herd and calf level amongst 6-week-old calves from herds that had evidence of BVDV in the lactation preceding the calves’ birth. The objective of this study was to assess test sensitivity when calves are tested at <35 days of age.
Oral electrolyte composition and fluid meal type influence the abomasal environment in Holstein calves
Authors: Kasl B. A. , Hoff C. K. , Silva T. H. , Caetano I. , Machado V. S. , Carroll J. A. , Ballou M. A. 
Published: February 2023

Oral electrolyte solutions (OES) are an important supplemental therapy to reestablish hydration and electrolyte balance in scouring calves. The osmolality and the type of alkalinizing agent in OES must be considered when evaluating commercial products and developing treatment protocols.
Management constraints may restrict OES administration to occur shortly following milk replacer (MR) feeding. Consumption of volumetrically large, nutrient-dense fluid meals may result in prolonged elevations in gastric pH and delayed abomasal emptying rates. Alterations to the functionality and environment of the abomasum may elicit growth of potentially pathogenic bacterial populations, ultimately resulting in clinical abomasal disease (e.g. abomasitis, bloat). The objectives were to determine the effects of OES composition and liquid meal type on the abomasal environment in healthy Holstein calves.
A bibliometric analysis of global research on drinking water and health in low- and lower-middle-income countries
Authors: Bennett Alexa , Demaine Jeffrey , Dorea Caetano , Cassivi Alexandra 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHeightened interest in drinking water research in recent decades has been aimed at narrowing the knowledge gaps surrounding water and health in a global pursuit to provide safely managed drinking water services to populations who continue to lack access. This study used bibliometrics and network analysis to produce a global overview of publications and groups that have contributed to research on drinking water and health in low- and lower-middle-income countries (LLMICs). The United States and the United Kingdom, which have historically dominated the field based on the production and impact of scientific literature, remain at the center of international collaborative research partnerships with emerging countries. However, in recent years, the volume of publications produced by India has surpassed that of the United States while Bangladesh is ranked third for the strongest international collaborations. Iran and Pakistan are also emerging as major producers of research, yet publications out of these countries and India remain disproportionately restricted behind paywalls. Contamination, diarrheal disease, and water resources are the themes that characterize the majority of research on water and health. These findings may be used to accelerate equitable, inclusive research in the realm of water and health, thereby enabling gaps in global drinking water inequalities to be filled.
Evaluation of Serum Humanin and MOTS-c Peptide Levels in Patients
with COVID-19 and Healthy Subjects
Authors: Saracaloglu Ahmet , Mete Ayşe Özlem , Ucar Duran Furkan , Demiryürek Seniz , Erbagcı Enes , Demiryürek Abdullah Tuncay 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a life-threatening and persistent
pandemic with high rates of mortality and morbidity. Although a dysfunction in the mitochondria occurs
in COVID-19 pathogenesis, the contribution of mitochondrial-derived peptides to its pathophysiology
has not yet been completely elucidated. The goals of this research were to assess the circulating
humanin and mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c (MOTS-c) levels in COVID-19
patients and explore the effects of antiviral drug therapy on these peptide levels.

Methods:
Thirty adult COVID-19 patients and 32 gender-matched healthy volunteers were enrolled in
this study. Circulating humanin and MOTS-c levels were detected using the ELISA method during pretreatment
(before drug therapy) and post-treatment (on the 7th day of drug therapy).

Results:
We found that there was significant attenuation of the serum humanin levels in COVID-19
patients (P < 0.001). However, we detected a significant augmentation in serum MOTS-c levels when
compared to controls (P < 0.01 for pre-treatment and P < 0.001 for post-treatment). Interestingly, antiviral
drug therapy did not modify the serum MOTS-c and humanin levels.

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that MOTS-c and humanin were involved in the COVID-19 pathogenesis.
Our data may also imply that elevated MOTS-c could act as a compensatory mechanism to
eliminate the effects of decreased humanin levels.
A Case Report of Cesarean Scar Pregnancy in the Late First Trimester
With an Alive Fetus
Authors: Moosavi Sanaz , Zakariya Nahideh Afshar , Alizadeh Fatemeh Abbas 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Cesarean scar pregnancy is one of the rare and challenging forms of ectopic
pregnancy in treatment. Surgical and medical treatment options are available. Nevertheless, no approach
is superior.

Case Presentation:
The present case reports a 29 years-old lady, presented with 12 weeks and 6 days,
cesarean scar pregnancy without any symptoms, with a live fetus that underwent curettage two times.

Conclusion:
We can use curettage frequently for CSP treatment without methotrexate and, without
side effects of other treatments.