bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atomistic simulations of pristine and nanoparticle reinforced hydrogels: A review
Authors: Kumar Raju , Parashar Avinash 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHydrogel is a three‐dimensional cross‐linked hydrophilic network that can imbibe a large amount of water inside its structure (up to 99% of its dry weight). Due to their unique characteristics of biocompatibility and flexibility, it has found applications in diversified fields, including tissue engineering, drug delivery, biosensors, and agriculture. Even though hydrogels are widely used in the biomedical field, their lower mechanical strength still limits their application to its full potential. Hydrogels can be reinforced with organic, inorganic, and metal‐based nanofillers to improve their mechanical strength. Due to improved computational power, computational‐based techniques are emerging as a leading characterization technique for nanocomposites and hydrogels. In nanomaterials, atomistic description governs the mechanical strength and thermal behavior that realized atomistic level simulations as an appropriate approach to capture the deformation governing mechanism. Among atomistic simulations, the molecular dynamics (MD)‐based approach is emerging as a prospective technique for simulating neat and nanocomposite‐based hydrogels' mechanical and thermal behavior. The success and accuracy of MD simulation entirely depend on the force field. This review article will compile the force field employed by the research community to capture the atomistic interactions in different nanocomposite‐based hydrogels. This article will comprehensively review the progress made in the atomistic approach to study neat and nanocomposite‐based hydrogels' properties. The authors have enlightened the challenges and limitations associated with the atomistic modeling of hydrogels.This article is categorized under:
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science
Molecular and Statistical Mechanics > Molecular Dynamics and Monte‐Carlo Methods
Software > Molecular Modeling
A survey of online video advertising
Authors: Zhang Haijun , Mu Xiangyu , Yan Han , Ren Lang , Ma Jianghong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWith the development of social media and the ubiquity of the Internet, recent years have witnessed the rapid development of online video advertising among publishers and advertisers. Video advertising, as a new type of advertisement, has gained significant research attention from both academia and industry, coinciding with the ever‐growing volume of online videos. In this research, we provide a comprehensive survey of online video advertising in the fields of social science and computer science. We investigate state‐of‐the‐art articles from 1990 to the present and provide a new taxonomy of extant research topics based on these articles. We also highlight the factors that cause advertising to affect people and the most popular video advertising techniques used in computer science. Finally, on the basis of the analytics of the surveyed papers, future challenges are identified and potential solutions to these are discussed.This article is categorized under:
Algorithmic Development > Multimedia
Application Areas > Internet and Web‐Based Applications
ANEC on stress-tensor states in perturbative λ ϕ4 theory
Authors: Bautista Teresa , Casarin Lorenzo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We evaluate the Average Null Energy Condition (ANEC) on momentum eigenstates generated by the stress tensor in perturbative λ ϕ4 and general spacetime dimension. We first compute the norm of the stress-tensor state at second order in λ; as a by-product of the derivation we obtain the full expression for the stress tensor 2-point function at this order. We then compute the ANEC expectation value to first order in λ, which also depends on the coupling of the stress-tensor improvement term ξ. We study the bounds on these couplings that follow from the ANEC and unitarity at first order in perturbation theory. These bounds are stronger than unitarity in some regions of coupling space.
Revisiting thermodynamic topologies of black holes
Authors: Fang Chaoxi , Jiang Jie , Zhang Ming 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In the generalized off-shell free energy landscape, black holes can be treated as thermodynamic topological defects. The local topological properties of the spacetime can be reflected by the winding numbers at the defects, while the global topological nature can be classified by the topological number which is the sum of all local winding numbers. We propose that the winding numbers can be calculated via the residues of isolated one-order pole points of characterized functions constructed from the off-shell free energy. Using the residue method, we show that the topologies of black holes can be divided into three classes with the topological numbers being -1, 0, and 1, respectively, being consistent with the results obtained in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 191101 (2022)] by using the topological current method. Moreover, we point out that standard defect points, generation and annihilation points, and critical points can be distinguished by coefficients of the Laurent series of the off-shell characterized function at those singular points.
FRÖLICHER SPECTRAL SEQUENCE AND HODGE STRUCTURES ON THE COHOMOLOGY OF COMPLEX PARALLELISABLE MANIFOLDS
Authors: KASUYA H. , STELZIG J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFor complex parallelisable manifolds Γ\G, with G a solvable or semisimple complex Lie group, the Frölicher spectral sequence degenerates at the second page. In the solvable case, the de Rham cohomology carries a pure Hodge structure. In contrast, in the semisimple case, purity depends on the lattice, but there is always a direct summand of the de Rham cohomology which does carry a pure Hodge structure and is independent of the lattice.
Revision der anatomischen Schulterprothese
Authors: Mauch Frieder , Huth Jochen 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungMit der steigenden Anzahl der Primärprothetik nehmen die Revisionen der anatomischen Prothese einen immer höheren Stellenwert ein. Die häufigsten Revisionsgründe sind Glenoidlockerung, einschließlich Protrusion, Insuffizienz der Rotatorenmanschette, einschließlich Instabilität, und Früh‑/Spätinfekt. Der glenoidale Defektaufbau kann mit einem Autograft oder Allograft erfolgen. Er wird je nach Größe und Situation ein- oder zweizeitig durchgeführt. Die in den letzten Jahren immer häufiger eingesetzten metaphysär verankerten Prothesen und Kurzschaftprothesen haben die humerale Revision deutlich vereinfacht. Einen anderen Weg beschreiten die Plattformsysteme mit der Möglichkeit der Konversion ohne höhergradige Eingriffe am Glenoid oder Wechsel des Schaftes. Intraoperative Komplikationen treten vor allem humeral auf. Postoperative Komplikationen sind neben der Luxation die Komponentenlockerung und der Infekt. Der Wechsel einer anatomischen Prothese auf eine inverse Prothese zeigt bessere klinische Ergebnisse, sowie niedrigere Komplikationsraten als der Wechsel auf nochmals eine anatomische Prothese.
Euthanasie im Nationalsozialismus – Untersuchungen an drei Skeletten der Kriegsgräberstätte Idstein-Kalmenhof (Hessen)
Authors: Holz F. , Verhoff M. A. , Mückenberger K. , Kántor F. , Schulte J. E. , Krause V. , Kozlowski J. , Birngruber C. G. , Wunder C. , Zehner R. , Fischer S. , Betz W. , Kölzer S. C. 
Published: January 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Der Kalmenhof wurde 1888 vom „Verein für die Idiotenanstalt zu Idstein“ gegründet. Während der NS-Zeit wurden in der „Kinderfachabteilung“ hunderte Kinder und Jugendliche von Ärzten und Pflegern getötet.

Material und Methoden
Nachdem ein historisches Gutachten und Georadaruntersuchungen Hinweise auf Gräber außerhalb einer als Kriegsgräberstätte ausgewiesenen Fläche erbrachte, erfolgten im Sommer 2020 Grabungen.

Ergebnisse
Außerhalb der Kriegsgräberstätte fanden sich keine Gräber. Innerhalb des Areals wurde eine Mehrfachbestattung von drei Individuen in einer 160 × 65 cm großen Grube entdeckt. Die knöchernen Überreste wurden exhumiert und makroskopisch, radiologisch, toxikologisch und molekulargenetisch untersucht. Zwei Individuen waren männlich, das Sterbealter betrug etwa 2,0 bis 2,25 Jahre und 2,5 Jahre. Das dritte Individuum war eine Jugendliche, die Untersuchungen ihrer sterblichen Überreste erbrachten Hinweise auf wiederholte und längere Zeit bestehende Phasen mit unzureichender Nährstoffversorgung. An keinem der Individuen fanden sich Zeichen einer körperlichen Behinderung, prä- oder perimortale Verletzungen. Die toxikologischen Untersuchungen verliefen für alle Individuen negativ. Für die beiden kindlichen Skelette konnte ein vollständiges STR-Profil erstellt werden, an dem jugendlichen Skelett gelang lediglich eine Geschlechtsbestimmung.

Diskussion
Die Ergebnisse stützen historische Angaben, wonach Gräber mehrfach belegt wurden. Demgegenüber war eine Unterteilung des Friedhofes nach dem Sterbealter nicht nachvollziehbar, ebenso wenig, dass sich auf angrenzenden Grundstücken Gräber befinden. Durch die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse wurde ein konkreter Identitätsverdacht für die drei Individuen erarbeitet. Die knöchernen Überreste wurden am Volkstrauertag 2020 im Rahmen einer Gedenkveranstaltung wieder beigesetzt.
Mastering uncertainty in performance estimations of configurable software systems
Authors: Dorn Johannes , Apel Sven , Siegmund Norbert 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the influence of configuration options on the performance of a software system is key for finding optimal system configurations, system understanding, and performance debugging. In the literature, a number of performance-influence modeling approaches have been proposed, which model a configuration option’s influence and a configuration’s performance as a scalar value. However, these point estimates falsely imply a certainty regarding an option’s influence that neglects several sources of uncertainty within the assessment process, such as (1) measurement bias, choices of model representation and learning process, and incomplete data. This leads to the situation that different approaches and even different learning runs assign different scalar performance values to options and interactions among them. The true influence is uncertain, though. There is no way to quantify this uncertainty with state-of-the-art performance modeling approaches.We propose a novel approach, P4, which is based on probabilistic programming, that explicitly models uncertainty for option influences and consequently provides a confidence interval for each prediction alongside a scalar. This way, we can explain, for the first time, why predictions may be erroneous and which option’s influence may be unreliable. An evaluation on 13 real-world subject systems shows that P4’s accuracy is in line with the state of the art while providing reliable confidence intervals, in addition to scalar predictions. We qualitatively explain how uncertain influences of individual options and interactions cause inaccurate predictions.
Evaluating the role of CHEK2 p.(Asp438Tyr) allele in inherited breast cancer predisposition
Authors: Kumpula Timo A. , Koivuluoma Susanna , Soikkonen Leila , Vorimo Sandra , Moilanen Jukka , Winqvist Robert , Mantere Tuomo , Kuismin Outi , Pylkäs Katri 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCHEK2 is a well-established breast cancer susceptibility gene. The most frequent pathogenic CHEK2 variant is 1100delC, a loss-of-function mutation conferring 2-fold risk for breast cancer. This gene also harbors other rare variants encountered in the clinical gene panels for hereditary cancer. One of these is CHEK2 c.1312 G > T, p.(Asp438Tyr) in the kinase domain of the protein, but due to its rarity its clinical significance for breast cancer predisposition has remained unclear. Here, we tested the prevalence of CHEK2 p.(Asp438Tyr) allele showing enrichment in the Northern Finnish population, in a total of 2284 breast cancer patients from this geographical region. Genotyping was performed for DNA samples extracted from peripheral blood using high-resolution melt analysis. Fourteen CHEK2 p.(Asp438Tyr) carriers were identified (14/2284, 0.6%, P = 0.67): two in the cohort of breast cancer cases with the indication of inherited disease susceptibility (2/281, 0.7%, P = 1.00) and twelve in the breast cancer cohort unselected for the family history of disease and age at disease onset (12/2003, 0.6%, P = 0.66). This frequency did not differ from the frequency in the general population (10/1299, 0.8%). No CHEK2 p.(Asp438Tyr) homozygotes were identified. Our results indicate that CHEK2 p.(Asp438Tyr) carriers do not have an increased risk for breast cancer and the classification of the CHEK2 p.(Asp438Tyr) variant can be changed from the variant of uncertain significance (VUS) to likely benign for breast cancer.
Stability of Singular Solutions of Nonlinear Equations with Restricted Smoothness Assumptions
Authors: Fischer Andreas , Izmailov Alexey F. , Jelitte Mario 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis work is concerned with conditions ensuring stability of a given solution of a system of nonlinear equations with respect to large (not asymptotically thin) classes of right-hand side perturbations. Our main focus is on those solutions that are in a sense singular, and hence, their stability properties are not guaranteed by “standard” inverse function-type theorems. In the twice differentiable case, these issues have received some attention in the existing literature. Moreover, a few results in this direction are known in the case when the first derivative is merely B-differentiable. Here, we further elaborate on a similar setting, but the main attention is paid to the case of piecewise smooth equations. Specifically, we study the effect of singularity of a solution for some active smooth selection on the overall stability properties, and we provide sufficient conditions ensuring the needed stability properties in the cases when such smooth selections may exist. Finally, an application to a piecewise smooth reformulation of complementarity problems is given.
Carer preparedness improved by providing a supportive educational intervention for carers of patients with high-grade glioma: RCT results
Authors: Halkett Georgia K. B. , Lobb Elizabeth A. , Phillips Jane L. , McDougall Emma , Clarke Jenny , Campbell Rachel , Dhillon Haryana M. , McGeechan Kevin , Hudson Peter , King Anne , Wheeler Helen , Kastelan Marina , Long Anne , Nowak Anna K. ,   the Care-IS Project Team, Newton Jade , Emery Laura , Gilbert Marie , Atwood Robyn , Miller Lisa , Agar Meera , Moorin Rachael , Shaw Therese , Bulsara Max 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
High-grade glioma (HGG) is a rapidly progressing and debilitating disease. Family carers take on multiple responsibilities and experience high levels of distress. We aimed to deliver a nurse-led intervention (Care-IS) to carers to improve their preparedness to care and reduce distress.

Methods
We conducted a randomised controlled trial (ACTRN:12612001147875). Carers of HGG patients were recruited during patients’ combined chemoradiation treatment. The complex intervention comprised four components: (1) initial telephone assessment of carer unmet needs; (2) tailored hard-copy resource folder; (3) home visit; and, (4) monthly telephone support for up to 12 months. Primary outcomes included preparedness for caregiving and distress at 2, 4, 6 and 12 months. Intervention effects were estimated using linear mixed models which included a time by group interaction. Secondary outcomes included anxiety, depression, quality of life, carer competence and strain.

Results
We randomised 188 carers (n = 98 intervention, n = 90 control). The intervention group reported significantly higher preparedness for caregiving at 4 months (model β = 2.85, 95% CI 0.76–4.93) and all follow-up timepoints including 12 months (model β = 4.35, 95% CI 2.08–6.62), compared to the control group. However, there was no difference between groups in carer distress or any secondary outcomes.

Conclusions
This intervention was effective in improving carer preparedness. However, carer distress was not reduced, potentially due to the debilitating/progressive nature of HGG and ongoing caring responsibilities. Future research must explore whether carer interventions can improve carer adjustment, self-efficacy and coping and how we support carers after bereavement. Additionally, research is needed to determine how to implement carer support into practice.
On randomized sketching algorithms and the Tracy–Widom law
Authors: Ahfock Daniel , Astle William J. , Richardson Sylvia 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThere is an increasing body of work exploring the integration of random projection into algorithms for numerical linear algebra. The primary motivation is to reduce the overall computational cost of processing large datasets. A suitably chosen random projection can be used to embed the original dataset in a lower-dimensional space such that key properties of the original dataset are retained. These algorithms are often referred to as sketching algorithms, as the projected dataset can be used as a compressed representation of the full dataset. We show that random matrix theory, in particular the Tracy–Widom law, is useful for describing the operating characteristics of sketching algorithms in the tall-data regime when the sample size n is much greater than the number of variables d. Asymptotic large sample results are of particular interest as this is the regime where sketching is most useful for data compression. In particular, we develop asymptotic approximations for the success rate in generating random subspace embeddings and the convergence probability of iterative sketching algorithms. We test a number of sketching algorithms on real large high-dimensional datasets and find that the asymptotic expressions give accurate predictions of the empirical performance.
Putting the ‘Experiment’ back into the ‘Thought Experiment’
Authors: Sartori Lorenzo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPhilosophers have debated at length the epistemological status of scientific thought experiments. I contend that the literature on this topic still lacks a common conceptual framework, a lacuna that produces radical disagreement among the participants in this debate. To remedy this problem, I suggest focusing on the distinction between the internal and the external validity of an experiment, which is also crucial for thought experiments. I then develop an account of both kinds of validity in the context of thought experiments. I show that we can naturally conceptualise internal validity in terms of games of make-believe. Then, I argue that external validity is best defined as accurate representation of a target system. Finally, I turn back to the current debate on thought experiments and show that my diarchic account provides a general framework that can be shared by the competing philosophical views, as well as a fruitful guide for their reconciliation.
Tracking Structural Deactivation of H-Ferrierite Zeolite Catalyst During MTH with XRD
Authors: Capel Berdiell Izar , Braghin Giorgio Bruno , Cordero-Lanzac Tomás , Beato Pablo , Lundegaard Lars F. , Wragg David , Bordiga Silvia , Svelle Stian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe used the methanol-to-hydrocarbon (MTH) reaction as a shape-selective model reaction to investigate coke formation in zeolite H-Ferrierite. Despite being a 2D topology in terms of channel propagation, the FER framework displays a lattice expansion in all three dimensions of space upon deactivation. Therefore, the volume of the unit cell is an excellent X-Ray diffraction (XRD) descriptor for the catalyst deactivation. A model with dummy atoms added, also proved to be an accurate approach to measure the amount of internal coke and/or water inside the pore network correlated with thermogravimetric analysis results. While the catalyst deactivation of the H-Ferrerite during the MTH was fast, a comparably long induction period was observed. We were able to track such fast deactivation with the aforementioned descriptors by means of an operando XRD study by a standard laboratory diffractometer.
Master crack types and typical acoustic emission characteristics during rock failure
Authors: Zhao Tongbin , Zhang Pengfei , Xiao Yaxun , Guo Weiyao , Zhang Yulong , Zhang Xiufeng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAcoustic emission (AE) signals contain substantial information about the internal fracture characteristics of rocks and are useful for revealing the laws governing the release of energy stored therein. Reported here is the evolution of rock failure with different master crack types as investigated using Brazilian splitting tests (BSTs), direct shear tests (DSTs), and uniaxial compression tests (UCTs). The AE parameters and typical modes of each fracture type were obtained, and the energy release characteristics of each fracture mechanism were discussed. From the observed changes in the AE parameters, the rock fracture process exhibits characteristics of staged intensification. The scale and energy level of crack activity in the BSTs were significantly lower than those in the DSTs and UCTs. The proportion of tensile cracks in the BSTs was 65%–75%, while the proportions of shear cracks in the DSTs and UCTs were 75%–85% and 70%–75%, respectively. During the rock loading process under different conditions, failure was accompanied by an increased number of shear cracks. The amplitude, duration, and rise time of the AE signal from rock failure were larger when the failure was dominated by shear cracks rather than tensile ones, and most of the medium- and high-energy signals had medium to low frequencies. After calculating the proposed energy amplitude ratio, the energy release of shear cracks was found to exceed that of tensile cracks at the same fracture scale.
Detection of Inconsistencies in SysML/OCL Models Using OWL Reasoning
Authors: Lu Shan , Tazin Alexey , Chen Yanji , Kokar Mieczyslaw M. , Smith Jeff 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRequirement change management is a challenging issue in software development. One of the main objectives of the Intent-Defined Adaptive Software program is to verify the satisfaction of requirement changes during software development. In this paper, we develop an ontology-based method to detect inconsistencies in Systems Modeling Language (SysML) models with Object Constraint Language (OCL) constraints as a first step of requirement change management. Specifically, we map the SysML/OCL models to Web Ontology Language (OWL), so that the consistency of the corresponding ontology can be checked by OWL reasoners automatically. We propose a set of mapping rules to interpret the components of SysML state machine diagrams, along with OCL constraints, to OWL. Toward this objective, we demonstrate three consistency reasoning tasks over a state machine diagram using OWL reasoners. In each case, the result of reasoning is accompanied by an explanation of the logic behind the decision.