bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TorchDIVA: An extensible computational model of speech production built on an open-source machine learning library
Authors: Kinahan Sean P. , Liss Julie M. , Berisha Visar 
Published: February 2023

The DIVA model is a computational model of speech motor control that combines a simulation of the brain regions responsible for speech production with a model of the human vocal tract. The model is currently implemented in Matlab Simulink; however, this is less than ideal as most of the development in speech technology research is done in Python. This means there is a wealth of machine learning tools which are freely available in the Python ecosystem that cannot be easily integrated with DIVA. We present TorchDIVA, a full rebuild of DIVA in Python using PyTorch tensors. DIVA source code was directly translated from Matlab to Python, and built-in Simulink signal blocks were implemented from scratch. After implementation, the accuracy of each module was evaluated via systematic block-by-block validation. The TorchDIVA model is shown to produce outputs that closely match those of the original DIVA model, with a negligible difference between the two.
We additionally present an example of the extensibility of TorchDIVA as a research platform. Speech quality enhancement in TorchDIVA is achieved through an integration with an existing PyTorch generative vocoder called DiffWave. A modified DiffWave mel-spectrum upsampler was trained on human speech waveforms and conditioned on the TorchDIVA speech production. The results indicate improved speech quality metrics in the DiffWave-enhanced output as compared to the baseline. This enhancement would have been difficult or impossible to accomplish in the original Matlab implementation. This proof-of-concept demonstrates the value TorchDIVA can bring to the research community. Researchers can download the new implementation at: https://github.com/skinahan/DIVA_PyTorch.
Prevalence and incidence of hypertension in a heavily treatment-experienced cohort of people living with HIV in Uganda
Authors: Byonanebye Dathan M. , Polizzotto Mark N. , Parkes-Ratanshi Rosalind , Musaazi Joseph , Petoumenos Kathy , Castelnuovo Barbara 
Published: February 2023

Introduction
The effect of long-term exposure to antiretroviral therapy (ART) on hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa remains unclear. We aimed to determine the prevalence and incidence of hypertension in people living with HIV (PLWH) with more than 10 years of ART in Uganda.

Methods
The analysis was performed within a cohort of adult PLWH with more than 10 years of ART at an HIV clinic in Kampala, Uganda. Participants were eligible for this analysis if they had ≥2 follow-up visits. Hypertension was defined as two consecutive systolic blood pressure (SBP) measures greater than 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) greater than 90 mmHg, and/or documented diagnosis and/or the initiation of antihypertensives. We determined the proportion of PLWH with hypertension at baseline and used multivariable logistic regression to determine the factors associated with prevalent hypertension. To determine the incidence of hypertension, follow-up began from the cohort baseline date and was censored at the last clinic visit or date of the event, whichever occurred earlier. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to determine the adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRR) of hypertension according to demographic, ART, and clinical characteristics.

Results
Of the 1000 ALT participants, 970 (97%) had ≥2 follow-up visits, and 237 (24.4%) had hypertension at baseline. The odds of prevalent hypertension were 1.18 for every 5-year increase in age (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.18, 95% CI 1.10–1.34) and were higher among males (aOR 1.70, 95% CI 1.20–2.34), participants with diabetes mellitus (aOR 2.37, 95% CI 1.10–4.01), obesity (aOR 1.99, 95% CI 1.08–3.60), high cholesterol (aOR 1.47, 95% CI 1.16–2.01), and those with prior exposure to stavudine (aOR 2.10, 95% CI 1.35–3.52), or nevirapine (aOR 1.90, 95% CI 1.25–3.01). Of the 733 participants without hypertension at baseline, 116 (15.83%) developed hypertension during 4671.3 person-years of follow-up (incidence rate 24.8 per 1000 person-years; 95% CI 20.7–29.8). The factors associated with incident hypertension were obesity (adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) 1.80, 95% CI 1.40–2.81), older age (aIRR 1.12 per 5-year increase in age, 95% CI 1.10,1.25), and renal insufficiency (aIRR1.80, 95% CI 1.40–2.81).

Conclusion
The prevalence and incidence of hypertension were high in this heavily treated PLWH cohort. Therefore, with increasing ART coverage, HIV programs in SSA should strengthen the screening for hypertension in heavily treated PLWH.
BİREYSEL MÜŞTERİLERİN BANKA HİZMET KANALI TERCİH FAKTÖRLERİ
Authors: İNCİRKUŞ Abdullah , KALPAKLIOĞLU Nur Ündey 
Published: February 2023

Bugün gelinen nokta itibariyle banka kuruluşlarının hizmetlerini müşterilerine ulaştırabilmek için kullandığı
hizmet kanallarının çeşitliliği, bankacılık uygulamalarının başladığı ilk zamanlardan bugüne kadar geçen
süre içerisinde ve özellikle 21. yüzyılın bu ilk çeyreğinde teknolojinin gelişmesiyle sağlanan yeni imkânlar sayesinde,
daha önce hiç olmadığı kadar artmıştır. Özellikle son yıllarda dijital teknoloji uygulamalarının insanların
hayatında daha fazla yer almaya başlaması, hizmetlerini müşterilerine ulaştırmak ve sunmak için bankaları dijital
teknoloji kanallarının imkânlarını olabildiğince kullanmaya yöneltmiştir.
Bu çalışmanın amacı, bireysel müşterilerinin dijital hizmet kanalı tercih faktörlerinin neler olduğunu ölçümlemeye
yönelik, günümüz bankacılık alanındaki dijital gelişmelerine uygun bir ölçek geliştirilmesi amacıyla
Açıklayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA) ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA) yapılmıştır. Türkiye genelinde yapılan ankete
bireysel banka müşterisi olan 1.163 katılımcı iştirak etmiştir. Katılımcılara dijital hizmet kanalı tercihlerini
öğrenmeye yönelik 14 soru ifadesi yöneltilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler ile SPSS 26 programında AFA, AMOS 24
programında ise DFA analizi yapılmıştır.
Her iki analiz sonucunda geliştirilen ölçeğin uygun olduğu ve bireysel müşterilerin banka hizmet kanalı tercihleri
üzerinde etkili olan faktörlerin “Teknolojik ve Kullanışlı, Yenilikçi ve Pratik, Güvenli ve Sağlam” faktörleri
olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Manejo de muestras lipémicas en el Laboratorio Clínico
Authors: Fernández-Prendes Carla , Castro Castro María J. , Sánchez Navarro Lourdes , Rapún Mas Loreto , Morales-Indiano Cristian , Arrobas Velilla Teresa 
Published: February 2023

Resumen
Las interferencias analíticas en el laboratorio clínico pueden causar errores en la interpretación de los resultados de diversas magnitudes biológicas por parte del médico peticionario. Las interferencias analíticas más frecuentemente observadas en el laboratorio clínico son la hemólisis, ictericia y lipemia. La lipemia se define como la turbidez de la muestra causada por la acumulación de lipoproteínas, principalmente lipoproteínas de muy baja densidad (VLDL) y quilomicrones. Existen diversos métodos de detección de muestras lipémicas, como por ejemplo, el índice lipémico o la determinación de triglicéridos en muestras de suero o plasma o la Concentración de Hemoglobina Corpuscular Media (CHCM) en muestras de sangre. Las empresas de diagnóstico in vitro son las responsables, según la Directiva Europea 98/79/CE, de realizar el estudio de las sustancias interferentes que pueden afectar a la medición de una magnitud. Existe una necesidad urgente de estandarizar la forma en que se realizan y se reportan los estudios de interferencia por parte de los fabricantes. La interferencia por lipemia puede ser eliminada por diferentes métodos permitiendo la determinación de magnitudes biológicas de manera exacta. El laboratorio clínico debe decidir los protocolos de actuación ante muestras lipémicas dependiendo de la magnitud biológica que se quiere analizar.
Handling of lipemic samples in the clinical laboratory
Authors: Fernández Prendes Carla , Castro Castro María José , Sánchez Navarro Lourdes , Rapún Mas Loreto , Morales Indiano Cristian , Arrobas Velilla Teresa 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Interferences in the clinical laboratory may lead physicians misinterpret results for some biological analytes. The most common analytical interferences in the clinical laboratory include hemolysis, icterus and lipemia. Lipemia is defined as turbidity in a sample caused by the accumulation of lipoproteins, mainly very-low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and chylomicrons. Several methods are available for the detection of lipemic samples, including the lipemic index, or triglyceride quantification in serum or plasma samples, or mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCHC) concentration in blood samples. According to the European Directive 98/79/CE, it is the responsibility of clinical laboratories to monitor the presence of interfering substances that may affect the measurement of an analyte. There is an urgent need to standardize interference studies and the way interferences are reported by manufacturers. Several methods are currently available to remove interference from lipemia and enable accurate measurement of biological quantities. The clinical laboratory should establish a protocol for the handling of lipemic samples according to the biological quantity to be tested.
Collective intelligence improves probabilistic diagnostic assessments
Authors: Stehouwer Nathan R. , Torrey Keith W. , Dell Michael S. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Collective intelligence, the “wisdom of the crowd,” seeks to improve the quality of judgments by aggregating multiple individual inputs. Here, we evaluate the success of collective intelligence strategies applied to probabilistic diagnostic judgments.

Methods
We compared the performance of individual and collective intelligence judgments on two series of clinical cases requiring probabilistic diagnostic assessments, or “forecasts”. We assessed the quality of forecasts using Brier scores, which compare forecasts to observed outcomes.

Results
On both sets of cases, the collective intelligence answers outperformed nearly every individual forecaster or team. The improved performance by collective intelligence was mediated by both improved resolution and calibration of probabilistic assessments. In a secondary analysis looking at the effect of varying number of individual inputs in collective intelligence answers from two different data sources, nearly identical curves were found in the two data sets showing 11–12% improvement when averaging two independent inputs, 15% improvement averaging four independent inputs, and small incremental improvements with further increases in number of individual inputs.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that the application of collective intelligence strategies to probabilistic diagnostic forecasts is a promising approach to improve diagnostic accuracy and reduce diagnostic error.
Digital Advertising in the 2022 Midterms
Authors: Fowler Erika Franklin , Franz Michael M. , Neumann Markus , Ridout Travis N. , Yao Jielu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This analysis focuses on candidate-sponsored digital advertising spending in federal races in the 2022 midterm elections. We focus the analysis on spending on Meta (which includes Facebook and Instagram) and Google (which includes YouTube and search-related ads). We identify just under $150 million in candidate spending in federal races on these two platforms. We find, perhaps surprisingly, that combined spending on Meta and Google was lower in federal races compared to 2020 as a share of media spending. We also focus our analysis on measuring the tone of digital ads on Meta and identifying the goals pursued by candidates in these digital ad buys. Our results confirm prior work that digital advertising remains more positive than television (and less issue-focused than television ads), and we find that nearly half of the candidate-sponsored spending on Meta in the 2022 general election period made appeals for donations, with significant variation across campaigns. The Meta and Google ad libraries are invaluable sources of data for measuring the digital strategies of campaigns, but the declines from 2020, particularly on Meta, suggest candidates are likely pursuing diverse digital investments across platforms, some with no transparency or capacity to track spending and content.
“This Research has Important Policy Implications…”
Authors: Gleditsch Kristian Skrede 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The COVID 19 pandemic has generated much interest in the relationship between research and policy. It has drawn new attention to the limitations of a linear model, where policy is based on first observing prior scientific research and then designed in response to this. Conflict researchers often motivate the importance of their work by claiming that their “research has important policy implications”, but the proposals offered are often at best incomplete. I identify a number of common limitations in claims about policy implications, including a lack of discussion of objectives and priorities, stating objectives themselves as if they were policies, claims about targeting factors without discussing the effectiveness of possible interventions, and a failure to consider uncertainty and potential tensions with other objectives or unintended effects. Research can potentially inform policy discussions and improve decisions, but the incentives in academic research are very different from policy decisions, and the latter often calls for very different evidence than what is offered by the former. Rather than attempting to offer policy prescriptions as an afterthought to academic articles, research can be more helpful to policy by trying to inform debates, focusing on what we know from the cumulative body of research than individual manuscripts, and providing new data and empirical material that allow for better problem description and analysis.
The association between βeta 2-microglobulin and bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Ceran Burak , Kadıoğlu Şimşek Gülsüm , Beşer Esra , Tayman Cüneyt , Canpolat Fuat Emre , Kanmaz Kutman Hayriye Gözde 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Previous studies showed that increased urinary Beta 2-microglobulin (β2-M) level is associated with fetal inflammatory response and successfully predict bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). We aimed to investigate the clinical utility of serum β2-M levels to predict BPD in preterm infants.

Method
Infants born between May and November 2018 and whose gestational age (GA) was <32 weeks were included into the study. During routine blood work in the first couple of hours of life an extra 0.5 mL blood was drawn to study β2-M levels later on. β2-M levels were compared between infants who developed BPD or not.

Results
Data analysis of 111 infants was performed. Out of 111 infants, 37 died before BPD diagnosis and out of the rest 74 infants, 38 (34.2%) were diagnosed with BPD. Mean GA was 28 ± 1.8 and 29.9 ± 1.4 weeks (p < 0.01) and mean birth weights (BW) were 1,086 ± 316 and 1,395 ± 348 g (p < 0.01) in BPD group and without BPD respectively. Demographic characteristics of the two groups were similar. While the white blood cell count, CRP and IL-6 levels were similar in both groups, β2-M levels were significantly higher in BPD group (4.84 ± 1.0 and 3.79 ± 0.95 mg/L, p = 0.01). Furthermore a weak correlation between β2-M level and BPD was observed (r = 0.23, p = 0.04).

Conclusion
Serum β2-M levels which obtained in the early postnatal life could predict developing BPD. Monitoring β2-M levels in infants who have high clinical risk factors for BPD development may provide additional benefit in predicting BPD.
Welcher Zweck heiligt die Mittel?
Bemerkungen zur Repräsentativitätsdebatte in der Meinungsforschung
Authors: Kohler Ulrich , Post Julia C. 
Published: February 2023

Zusammenfassung
Im Vergleich zu Umfragen an Wahrscheinlichkeitsstichproben bieten Umfragen an Access-Panels, die auf Nicht-Wahrscheinlichkeitsstichproben basieren, unbestreitbare wirtschaftliche Vorteile. Diese Vorteile gehen jedoch mit unvermeidbaren Qualitätseinbußen einher, die auch dann bestehen bleiben, wenn Erstere sehr niedrige Responseraten haben. Daher müssen die wirtschaftlichen Vorteile und die methodischen Einschränkungen gegeneinander abgewogen werden. Es wird argumentiert, dass diese Abwägung anhand normativer Festlegungen erfolgen muss. Unter Anwendung der hier vorgeschlagenen Maßstäbe kommt der Beitrag zu dem Schluss, dass die Qualitätsansprüche an über Massenmedien verbreitete Meinungsumfragen höher sein sollten als für rein (sozial)wissenschaftliche Zwecke.
No effect of the turmeric root phenol curcumin on prednisolone-induced glucometabolic perturbations in men with overweight or obesity
Authors: Hellmann Pernille H , Bagger Jonatan I , Carlander Katrine R , Hansen Katrine B , Forman Julie L , Størling Joachim , Chabanova Elizaveta , Holst Jens , Vilsbøll Tina , Knop Filip K 
Published: February 2023

Objectives
Preclinically, curcumin has been shown to protect against glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance. We evaluated the effect of curcumin administered with prednisolone in healthy overweight or obese men.

Methods
In a double-blind, parallel-group trial, 24 overweight/obese non-diabetic men were randomised to one of three intervention groups (A) prednisolone placebo+curcumin placebo, (B) prednisolone (50 mg/day)+curcumin placebo or (C) prednisolone and curcumin (400 mg/day). Curcumin or curcumin placebo treatment started 1 day prior to 10-day prednisolone or prednisolone placebo treatment. The primary endpoint was change in prednisolone-induced insulin resistance assessed by homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR). Other endpoints included anthropometric measurements, magnetic resonance spectroscopy-assessed hepatic fat content, blood pressure, circulating metabolic markers and continuous glucose monitoring measures.

Results
Baseline characteristics (mean ± s.d): age 44.2 ± 13.7 years, BMI 30.1 ± 3.5 kg/m2, HbAlc 33.3 ± 3.2 mmol/mol, HOMA2-IR 1.10 ± 0.45 and fasting plasma glucose 5.2 ± 0.4 mmol/L. Prednisolone significantly increased HOMA2-IR (estimated treatment difference 0.36 (95% CI 0.16; 0.57)). Co-treatment with curcumin had no effect on HOMA2-IR (estimated treatment difference 0.08 (95% CI −0.13; 0.39)). Prednisolone increased HbAlc, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, blood pressure, mean interstitial glucose, time spent in hyperglycaemia and glucose variability, but no protective effect of curcumin on any of these measures was observed.

Conclusions
In this double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel-group study involving 24 overweight or obese men randomised to one of three treatment arms, curcumin treatment had no protective effect on prednisolone-induced insulin resistance or other glucometabolic perturbations.
У битві за імперію: російські наративи проти історичних реалій
Authors: Литвин Володимир Михайлович 
Published: February 2023

Сто років тому, 30 грудня 1922 р., представники радянських урядів Росії, України, Білорусі та Закавказької Республіки підписали договір про об'єднання в єдину союзну державу — Союз Радянських Соціалістичних Республік, який припинив своє існування 26 грудня 1991 р. У статті автор розмірковує, чому в сучасній РФ на державному рівні вважають розпад СРСР «найбільшою геополітичною катастрофою» і чому таким важливим сьогодні є неупереджене вивчення причин краху Радянського Союзу, усвідомлення його історичної неминучості та неможливості відродження імперського минулого.
PEMBERDAYAAN UMKM MELALUI PROGRAM KAMPUNG BEBAS RENTENIR (KBR) KUBE BERDAYA OLEH RUMAH PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT (RPM) DI PAMULANG, KOTA TANGERANG SELATAN
Authors: Fairuz Hana , Ratnasari WG. Pramita 
Published: February 2023

Abstract Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) are a type of business that is still growing rapidly in Indonesia. There are still many SME actors who have weak economic values, this is due to low business capital ownership so that business actors tend to seek loans with easy and quick access conditions. Loans through moneylenders are considered to be able to help the economic activities of business actors, on the other hand moneylenders have some bad impacts that can harm the borrower because they provide early discounts and interest. This study aims to determine the process and results of empowerment in the Moneylender Kampung Bebas Rentenir. This study uses a qualitative approach. Informants were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data was collected using observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The data was analyzed using the data analysis technique proposed by Miles and Huberman, and Triangulation was used as data validity technique. The results of the research that have been obtained show that in the implementation of empowering SME in the program Kampung Bebas Rentenir, there is an empowerment process including awareness process, knowledge transformation, and intellectual ability improvement. The results of the empowerment of SME carried. The results of the empowerment of SME carried by Rumah Pemberdayaan Masyarakat in program Kampung Bebas Rentenir is to have the ability to fulfill basic needs, to increase income, and to participate in development.
RISK MANAGEMENT ALGORITHM FOR ENSURING THE SANITARY SAFETY OF THE POPULATION IN THE AREA OF THE OIL REFINERY
Authors: Fomenko M. A. , Fomenko G. A. , Skuratova E. A. 
Published: February 2023

The article reveals the main features and characteristics of the algorithm of actions to ensure environmental safety of the population in the areas of oil refineries based on the mechanism of health risk assessment at all stages of the life cycle of environmentally hazardous production facilities. Methodologically, the algorithm implements the provisions of existing standards, regulatory documents and recommendations on health risk assessment of the population and is a sequence of procedures for making informed decisions on ensuring that health risk to the population exposed to potential negative environmental impacts meets the regulatory level. Application of the algorithm ensures compliance with the regulatory level of environmental impacts on the border of the sanitary protection zone of oil refineries and adjacent residential areas.A special emphasis is made on the stages of design and operation of environmentally hazardous objects, when the level of created health risks is especially sensitive to the results of decisions made. Timely identification of hazards and assessment of health risks at the design stage helps to choose the location of environmentally hazardous facilities, considering created risks in specific industrial and urban conditions. At the operation stage, the areas with highest risk levels of the sanitary protection zone boundary and the industrial site are identified, as well as priority production facilities and chemical toxicants (in terms of created risks). This gives a reason for adjusting the programs of industrial and environmental control, for specifying the priority of investment programs and plans of environmental protection measures. In practical terms the specific features of actions in conditions of high risks are defined to ensure the health risk meets the regulatory level in functioning of environmentally hazardous oil refining object, avoiding significant financial environmental costs as a result of making ecologically insufficiently justified planning and technological decisions at the design stage. The algorithm is universal, because it can be used for the existing production facilities and new construction projects, regardless of industry specifics.