bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
External validation of a multivariable prediction model for identification of pneumonia and other serious bacterial infections in febrile immunocompromised children
Authors: Martin Alexander James , van der Velden Fabian Johannes Stanislaus , von Both Ulrich , Tsolia Maria N , Zenz Werner , Sagmeister Manfred , Vermont Clementien , de Vries Gabriella , Kolberg Laura , Lim Emma , Pokorn Marko , Zavadska Dace , Martinón-Torres Federico , Rivero-Calle Irene , Hagedoorn Nienke N , Usuf Effua , Schlapbach Luregn , Kuijpers Taco W , Pollard Andrew J , Yeung Shunmay , Fink Colin , Voice Marie , Carrol Enitan , Agyeman Philipp K A , Khanijau Aakash , Paulus Stephane , De Tisham , Herberg Jethro Adam , Levin Michael , van der Flier Michiel , de Groot Ronald , Nijman Ruud , Emonts Marieke 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveTo externally validate and update the Feverkids tool clinical prediction model for differentiating bacterial pneumonia and other serious bacterial infections (SBIs) from non-SBI causes of fever in immunocompromised children.DesignInternational, multicentre, prospective observational study embedded in PErsonalised Risk assessment in Febrile illness to Optimise Real-life Management across the European Union (PERFORM).SettingFifteen teaching hospitals in nine European countries.ParticipantsFebrile immunocompromised children aged 0–18 years.MethodsThe Feverkids clinical prediction model predicted the probability of bacterial pneumonia, other SBI or no SBI. Model discrimination, calibration and diagnostic performance at different risk thresholds were assessed. The model was then re-fitted and updated.ResultsOf 558 episodes, 21 had bacterial pneumonia, 104 other SBI and 433 no SBI. Discrimination was 0.83 (95% CI 0.71 to 0.90) for bacterial pneumonia, with moderate calibration and 0.67 (0.61 to 0.72) for other SBIs, with poor calibration. After model re-fitting, discrimination improved to 0.88 (0.79 to 0.96) and 0.71 (0.65 to 0.76) and calibration improved. Predicted risk <1% ruled out bacterial pneumonia with sensitivity 0.95 (0.86 to 1.00) and negative likelihood ratio (LR) 0.09 (0.00 to 0.32). Predicted risk >10% ruled in bacterial pneumonia with specificity 0.91 (0.88 to 0.94) and positive LR 6.51 (3.71 to 10.3). Predicted risk <10% ruled out other SBIs with sensitivity 0.92 (0.87 to 0.97) and negative LR 0.32 (0.13 to 0.57). Predicted risk >30% ruled in other SBIs with specificity 0.89 (0.86 to 0.92) and positive LR 2.86 (1.91 to 4.25).ConclusionDiscrimination and calibration were good for bacterial pneumonia but poorer for other SBIs. The rule-out thresholds have the potential to reduce unnecessary investigations and antibiotics in this high-risk group.
Impact of adapting paediatric intensive care units for adult care during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review
Authors: Hill Katie , McCabe Catherine , Brenner Maria 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesThe objectives were to categorise the evidence, map out the existing studies and explore what was known about the organisation of paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) during the first 18 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, this review set out to identify any knowledge gaps in the literature and recommend areas for future research.DesignScoping review.MethodsThis study used Arksey and O’Malley’s six-stage scoping review framework. A comprehensive search was conducted using the following databases, CINAHL Complete; MEDLINE; PsycINFO; PsycARTICLES and EMBASE and grey literature search engines. A search strategy with predefined inclusion criteria was used to uncover relevant research in this area. Screening and data collection were done in duplicate.Results47 631 articles were obtained through searching. However, only 25 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Three dominant themes emerged from the literature: (1) the reorganisation of space for managing increased capacity; (2) increased staffing and support; and (3) the resulting challenges.ConclusionCOVID-19 has strained institutional resources across the globe. To relieve the burden on intensive care units (ICUs), some PICUs adjusted their units to care for critically ill adults, with other PICUs making significant changes, including the redeployment of staff to adult ICUs to provide extra care for adults. Overall, PICUs were collectively well equipped to care for adult patients, with care enhanced by implementing elements of holistic, family-centred PICU practices. The pandemic fostered a collaborative approach among PICU teams and wider hospital communities. However, specific healthcare guidelines had to be created to safely care for adult patients.
Single-centre, non-randomised clinical trial at a tertiary care centre to investigate 1-year changes in social experiences and biomarkers of well-being after bariatric surgery in individuals with severe obesity: protocol for the Bariatric Surgery and Social Experiences (BaSES) study
Authors: Pfabigan Daniela Melitta , Hertel Jens Kristoffer , Svanevik Marius , Lindberg Morten , Sailer Uta , Hjelmesæth Jøran 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionObesity is linked to increased loneliness and less enjoyment of social interactions. While bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment targeting severe obesity, there is limited understanding as to whether patients experience social interactions differently after surgery. The Bariatric Surgery and Social Experiences study is designed to assess potential changes in how much patients enjoy and engage in daily social interactions 1 year after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG).Methods and analysisSingle-centre, non-randomised clinical trial carried out at the Department of Endocrinology, Obesity and Nutrition at Vestfold Hospital Trust, Norway. Eligible patients (N=113) will undergo either RYGB, SG or single anastomosis sleeve ileal (SASI) bypass. The primary outcome measure is change in the social experience score (assessed with a questionnaire) from a presurgery to a follow-up assessment 1 year after RYGB and SG. The respective changes after SASI bypass will be assessed and considered exploratory.Ethics and disseminationThe most recent protocol version of this study was reviewed and approved by the Regional Committee for Medical Research Ethics South East Norway (REK sør-øst A) on 29 August 2022 (ref: 238406). The results will be disseminated to academic and health professional audiences and the public via publications in international peer-reviewed journals and conferences.Trial registration numberNCT05207917.
Perspectives on how to build bridges between regulation, health technology assessment and clinical guideline development: a qualitative focus group study with European experts
Authors: Hogervorst Milou A , Møllebæk Mathias , Vreman Rick A , Lu Ting-An , Wang Junfeng , De Bruin Marie Louise , Leufkens Hubert G M , Mantel-Teeuwisse Aukje , Goettsch Wim 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveImproving synergy among regulation, health technology assessment (HTA) and clinical guideline development is relevant as these independent processes are building on shared evidence-based grounds. The two objectives were first to assess how convergence of evidentiary needs among stakeholders may be achieved, and second, to determine to what extent convergence can be achieved.DesignQualitative study using eight online dual-moderator focus groups.SettingDiscussions had a European focus and were contextualised in four case studies on head and neck cancer, diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis and myelodysplastic syndromes.ParticipantsForty-two experienced (over 10 years) European regulators, HTA representatives and clinicians participated in the discussion.InterventionsParticipants received information on the case study and research topic in advance. An introductory background presentation and interview guide for the moderators were used to steer the discussion.ResultsConvergence may be achieved through improved communication institutionalised in multistakeholder early dialogues, shared definitions and shared methods. Required data sets should be inclusive rather than aligned. Deliberation and decision-making should remain independent. Alignment could be sought for pragmatic clinical trial designs and patient registries. Smaller and lower-income countries should be included in these efforts.ConclusionActors in the field expressed that improving synergy among stakeholders always involves trade-offs. A balance needs to be found between the convergence of processes and the institutional remits or geographical independence. A similar tension exists between the involvement of more actors, for example, patients or additional countries, and the level of collaboration that may be achieved. Communication is key to establishing this balance.
WAFER trial: a study protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled trial comparing wide-awake local anaesthesia no tourniquet (WALANT) to general and regional anaesthesia with tourniquet for flexor tendon repair
Authors: Kanapathy Muholan , Faderani Ryan , Bray Juliette , Dehbi Hakim-Moulay , Panca Monica , Vindrola-Padros Cecilia , Prasad Anjana , Burr Nicola , Williams Norman R , Al-Ajam Yazan , Bhat Waseem , Wong Jason , Mosahebi Afshin , Nikkhah Dariush 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionFlexor tendons are traditionally repaired under either general anaesthesia (GA) or regional anaesthesia (RA), allowing for the use of an arm tourniquet to minimise blood loss and establish a bloodless surgical field. However, the use of tourniquets exposes the patient to certain risks, including skin, muscle and nerve injuries. A recent advancement in anaesthesia delivery involves the use of a wide-awake approach where no sedation nor tourniquets are used (wide-awake local anaesthesia no tourniquet (WALANT)). WALANT uses local anaesthetic with epinephrine to provide pain relief and vasoconstriction, reducing operative bleeding. Several studies revealed potential benefits for WALANT compared with GA or RA. However, there remains a paucity of high-quality evidence to support the use of WALANT. As a result of this uncertainty, the clinical practice varies considerably. We aim to evaluate the feasibility of WALANT as an alternative to GA and RA in patients undergoing surgical repair of flexor tendon injuries. This involves addressing factors such as clinician and patient support for a trial, clinical equipoise, trial recruitment and dropout and the most relevant outcomes measures for a future definitive trial.Methods and analysisWAFER is a multicentre, single-blinded, parallel group, randomised controlled trial (RCT) to assess the feasibility of WALANT versus RA and GA. The target population is patients with acute traumatic flexor tendon injuries, across 3 major hand surgery units in England involving a total of 60 participants. Outcome assessors will be blinded. The primary outcome will be the ability to recruit patients into the trial, while secondary outcomes include difference in functional outcome, patient-reported outcome measures, health-related quality of life, cost-effectiveness and complication rates.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the London—City and East Research Ethics Committee (22/PR/1197). Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication, conferences, patient information websites and social media networks.Trial registration numberISRCTN identifier: 15052559.
Extended safety and tolerability of subcutaneous CAP256V2LS and VRC07-523LS in HIV-negative women: study protocol for the randomised, placebo-controlled double-blinded, phase 2 CAPRISA 012C trial
Authors: Mahomed Sharana , Garrett Nigel , Potloane Disebo , Sikazwe Izukanji T , Capparelli Edmund , Harkoo Ishana , Gengiah Tanuja Narayansamy , Zuma Nonhlanhla Yende , Osman Farzana , Mansoor Leila , Archary Derseree , Myeni Nqobile , Radebe Precious , Samsunder Natasha , Rose Nicole Doria , Carlton Kevin , Gama Lucio , Koup Richard A , Narpala Sandeep , Serebryannyy Leonid , Moore Penny , Williamson Carolyn , Pozzetto Bruno , Hankins Catherine , Morris Lynn , Karim Quarraisha Abdool , Abdool Karim Salim 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionWomen-controlled HIV prevention technologies that overcome adherence challenges of available daily oral pre-exposure prophylaxis and give women a choice of options are urgently needed. Broadly neutralising monoclonal antibodies (bnAbs) administered passively may offer a valuable non-antiretroviral biological intervention for HIV prevention. Animal and human studies have demonstrated that bnAbs which neutralise HIV can prevent infection. The optimal plasma antibody concentrations to confer protection against HIV infection in humans is under intense study. The Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA) 012C trial will evaluate extended safety and pharmacokinetics of CAP256V2LS and VRC07-523LS among young HIV-negative South African and Zambian women. The study design also allows for an evaluation of a signal of HIV prevention efficacy.Methods and analysisCAPRISA 012 is a series of trials with three distinct protocols. The completed CAPRISA 012A and 012B phase 1 trials provided critical data for the CAPRISA 012C trial, which is divided into parts A and B. In part A, 90 participants were randomised to receive both CAP256V2LS and VRC07-523LS at 20 mg/kg or placebo, subcutaneously every 16 or 24 weeks. Part B will enrol 900 participants in South Africa and Zambia who will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio and receive an initial loading dose of 1.2 g of CAP256V2LS and VRC07-523LS or placebo followed by 600 mg of CAP256V2LS and 1.2 g of VRC07-523LS or placebo subcutaneously every 6 months. Safety will be assessed by frequency and severity of reactogenicity and other related adverse events. Pharmacokinetics of both antibodies will be measured in systemic and mucosal compartments over time, while participants will be monitored for breakthrough HIV infections.Ethics and dissemination of study findingsThe University of KwaZulu-Natal Biomedical Research Ethics Committee and South African Health Products Regulatory Authority have approved the trial (BREC/00002492/2021, SAHPRA20210317). Results will be disseminated through conference presentations, peer-reviewed publications and the clinical trial registry.Trial registration numberPACTR202112683307570.
Silver Trauma Review Clinic: a novel model of care to manage non-operative injuries in older patients
Authors: Smyth Hannah , Breslin Deirdre , Mullany Lorcán , Ramiah Vinny , Riches Roisin , Laguna Rico , Morgan Paula , Byrne Colm 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundIncreasing numbers of older patients are presenting to the ED following trauma. These patients require multidisciplinary care that the traditional trauma model fails to provide. A Silver Trauma Review Clinic (STRC) was developed in conjunction with the geriatric ED and multidisciplinary services to improve the post-discharge care of patients with non-operative traumatic injuries.We aimed to assess the STRC by reviewing the journey and outcomes of patients who attended the clinic.MethodsA retrospective review of electronic chart data was performed on all patients who attended the clinic over the initial 1-year period. Data were collected on patient demographics, medical history, medications, timelines, trauma assessments and further investigations, fracture types, occult injuries, geriatric assessments (Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment, Clinical Frailty Scale, bone health, falls, Orthostatic Hypotension (OH), cognitive screening, mobility), number of reviews and discharge destination.Results137 patients were reviewed with a median age of 80 years (IQR 74–86) and 69% were female. The median Clinical Frailty Scale was 3 with a median time from the patient’s initial ED presentation to clinic of 15 days (IQR 9.75–21) and median time from initial review to discharge 20 days (IQR 1–35). 71% of presentations were as a result of falls under 2 m. Tertiary survey in the STRC identified previously unrecognised injuries in 24 patients (18%). In total, 56 patients were reviewed with vertebral fractures. 87% of these patients (n=49) were further investigated with a CT or MRI and 95% of patients (n=53) were referred for physiotherapy. Patients attending the STRC had a comprehensive geriatric assessment with abnormal Mini-Cog assessments found in 29%, a new diagnosis of osteoporosis in 43% and orthostatic hypotension diagnosed in 13% of patients. 61% were discharged to primary care and 19% linked into a specialist geriatric clinic.ConclusionThe STRC is a novel approach allowing timely, patient-focused, comprehensive and collaborative trauma care of older patients following non-operative injuries.
Vortex dynamics of a three-dimensional dipolar Bose–Einstein condensate
Authors: Wang Yuansheng 
Published: August 2023

By numerically solving the Gross–Pitaevskii equation with phenomenological dissipation term, we study the vortex formation properties of a three-dimensional dipolar Bose–Einstein condensate of 164Dy atoms. We studied the influence of the contact interaction between atoms on the formation mechanism of vortices. We also study how the dipole orientation affects the vortex formation properties and the number of vortices. We find that enhancing the interaction of short-range repulsion interaction or dipolar repulsion interaction can shorten the time to form a stable vortex structure and increase the number of vortices.
The question of Arnold on classification of co-artin subalgebras in singularity theory
Authors: Bavula V. V. 
Published: August 2023

In [V. I. Arnold, Simple singularities of curves, Proc. Steklov Inst. Math. 226(3) (1999) 20–28, Sec. 5, p. 32], Arnold writes: ‘Classification of singularities of curves can be interpreted in dual terms as a description of “co-artin” subalgebras of finite co-dimension in the algebra of formal series in a single variable (up to isomorphism of the algebra of formal series)’. In the paper, such a description is obtained but up to isomorphism of algebraic curves (i.e. this description is finer). Let [Formula: see text] be an algebraically closed field of arbitrary characteristic. The aim of the paper is to give a classification (up to isomorphism) of the set of subalgebras [Formula: see text] of the polynomial algebra [Formula: see text] that contains the ideal [Formula: see text] for some [Formula: see text]. It is proven that the set [Formula: see text] is a disjoint union of affine algebraic varieties (where [Formula: see text] is the semigroup of the singularity and [Formula: see text] is the Frobenius number). It is proven that each set [Formula: see text] is an affine algebraic variety and explicit generators and defining relations are given for the algebra of regular functions on [Formula: see text]. An isomorphism criterion is given for the algebras in [Formula: see text]. For each algebra [Formula: see text], explicit sets of generators and defining relations are given and the automorphism group [Formula: see text] is explicitly described. The automorphism group of the algebra [Formula: see text] is finite if and only if the algebra [Formula: see text] is not isomorphic to a monomial algebra, and in this case [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is the conductor of [Formula: see text]. The set of orders of the automorphism groups of the algebras in [Formula: see text] is explicitly described.
Extracranial Carotid Plaque Calcification and Cerebrovascular Ischemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Homssi Moayad , Saha Atin , Delgado Diana , RoyChoudhury Arindam , Thomas Charlene , Lin Matthew , Baradaran Hediyeh , Kamel Hooman , Gupta Ajay 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:
Although coronary calcification quantification is an established approach for cardiovascular risk assessment, the value of quantifying carotid calcification is less clear. As a result, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between extracranial carotid artery plaque calcification burden and ipsilateral cerebrovascular ischemic events.

METHODS:
A comprehensive literature search was performed in the following databases: Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1946 to July 6, 2022; OVID Embase 1974 to July 6, 2022; and The Cochrane Library (Wiley). We performed meta-analyses including studies in which investigators performed a computed tomography assessment of calcification volume, percentage, or other total calcium burden summarizable in a single continuous imaging biomarker and determined the association of these features with the occurrence of ipsilateral stroke or transient ischemic attack.

RESULTS:

Our overall meta-analysis consisted of 2239 carotid arteries and 9 studies. The presence of calcification in carotid arteries ipsilateral to ischemic stroke or in stroke patients compared with asymptomatic patients did not demonstrate a significant association with ischemic cerebrovascular events (relative risk of 0.75 [95% CI, 0.44–1.28];
P
=0.29). When restricted to studies of significant carotid artery stenosis (>50%), the presence of calcification was associated with a reduced risk of ischemic stroke (relative risk of 0.56 [95% CI, 0.38–0.85];
P
=0.006). When the analysis was limited to studies of patients with mainly nonstenotic plaques, there was an increased relative risk of ipsilateral ischemic stroke of 1.72 ([95% CI, 1.01–2.91];
P
=0.04). Subgroup meta-analyses of total calcium burden and morphological features of calcium showed wide variability in their strength of association with ischemic stroke and demonstrated significant heterogeneity.

CONCLUSIONS:
The presence of calcification in carotid plaque confers a reduced association with ipsilateral ischemic events, although these results seem to be limited among carotid arteries with higher degrees of stenosis. Adoption of carotid calcification measures in clinical decision-making will require additional studies providing more reproducible and standardized methods of calcium characterization and testing these imaging strategies in prospective studies.