bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical study of unsteady bioconvective transport of oxytactic microorganisms over a stretching cone
Authors: Rao Pentyala Srinivasa , Chowdhury Sandip , Gorai Debasish 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe bio‐convective transport of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Casson nanofluid carrying oxytactic microorganisms across a stretching cone with thermal radiation, and chemical reaction in Darcy–Brinkman–Forchheimer (DBF) porous medium is considered to predict the behavior of fluid. The random movement and thermophoresis processes are revealed by the Buongiorno model. By using a suitable similarity transformation, the governing PDEs are converted into coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The resulting ODEs are dealt with numerically, converting the boundary value problem to a simplified initial value problem using BVP4C and shooting technique with predetermined parameters such as thermal radiation, chemical reaction, and so forth. The study reveals that the velocity field is adversely influenced by the Forchheimer number and porosity parameter. The Sherwood number of oxygen concentration is significantly influenced by chemical reactions. Sherwood number of microorganisms is significantly influenced by bioconvection Peclet number.
Impact of thermal radiations and viscous dissipation during the boundary layer non‐Newtonian fluid flow past a slender needle: Probed by machine learning
Authors: Yao Hongxing , Ullah Asad , Ikramullah  , Widyan Adel M. , Althobaiti Ali , Khalifa Hamiden Abd El‐Wahed 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWe examine a new model for the Casson fluid (CF) migration near a thin needle. The needle is moving along the free stream with constant velocity. The impacts of nonlinear thermal radiation, Joule heating, magnetic fields, and viscous dissipation are considered in the flow. The flow is modeled with the basic equations, whose complexity is reduced with the similarity transformations. We introduced the artificial neural network (ANN) to tackle the first‐order system of equations. ANN is trained with the numerical methods (bvp4c) solution that uses the Levenberg‐Marquardt algorithm by choosing the best possible weights. A comprehensive graphical description is provided with varying heating parameters, Eckert number, radiation parameter, velocity ratio parameter, Prandtl number, and the size of the thin needle. The rise in the needle size and velocity ratio reduce the velocity flux and increases the thermal transport. The CF parameter increases the velocity gradient. The Eckert number and radiation parameter increase the thermal profile with their increasing values. The regression plots display that data is utilized in the curve fitting, while the error histograms depict the minimal zero error. Furthermore, the mean square error and performance validation for each varying parameter are presented. For validation, the present numerical results are compared in tabular form with the published literature, where the current approach is validated.
Influence of electroosmosis, thermal radiation, magnetic field, and activation energy on the peristaltic motion of Hyperbolic tangent nanofluid in an asymmetric channel
Authors: Tamizharasi P. , Magesh A. , Kumar P. Praveen 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis paper aims to provide insight into the response of a non‐Newtonian nano liquid driven by peristaltic motion in an asymmetric conduit. Additionally, activation energy and thermal radiation are considered. The investigation of activation energy and thermal radiation as energy transfer is crucial and intriguing for scientists due to their implications in cancer therapy. As a result, heat kills cancer cells and shrinks tumours, transforming hyperthermia therapy into a state‐of‐the‐art cancer remedy. The momentum, temperature, and concentration equations of Hyperbolic tangent nanofluids were formulated. The Partial differential equations are reduced to Ordinary differential equations using long wavelength and small Reynolds number approximation. The resulting equations were solved by the numerical computations by the NDSolve command using Mathematica software. The impact of important fluid parameters was discussed in detail through the graphs. The current investigation's findings demonstrate that a drop in temperature and a rise in concentration are the results of raising the temperature ratio parameter. The investigation further displays how expanding the dimensionless reaction rate significantly raises the reactant's kinetic energy, enabling additional particle collisions and increasing the temperature field.
Two non‐circular compressible liquid inclusions in an infinite elastic matrix
Authors: Wang Xu , Schiavone Peter 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWe derive an analytical solution to the plane strain problem associated with two interacting identical non‐circular compressible liquid inclusions embedded in an infinite isotropic elastic matrix subjected to uniform remote in‐plane normal stresses. The pair of analytic functions characterizing the elastic field in the matrix is derived using a conformal mapping function for quadrature domains by Crowdy (2015) and the technique of analytic continuation. The internal uniform hydrostatic stress field within each one of the two equal symmetric liquid inclusions and the hoop stress along each liquid‐solid interface on the matrix side are studied in detail.
An Open‐Door Policy: How Removal of a Visual Barrier Improved Welfare in Zoo‐Housed Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)
Authors: Hart Alexis M. , Augustin Dominique , Troxell‐Smith Sandra M. , McGuire Molly 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBirds of prey are renowned for their excellent visual acuity, but they are often not given visual access consistent with their natural behavior when housed under managed care. Often, these birds are housed under managed care after sustaining injuries, which prohibits their return to the wild. In addition, many of these rescued raptors do not have the same history of acclimation to human presence as other zoo animals due to being wild‐hatched. These factors lead to a potential welfare concern for raptors under managed care, which may not appropriately address their natural and individual histories. We assessed how the removal of a visual barrier (two large doors) may have affected behavior and space use of two bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) housed at Zoo Miami. Before the visual barrier being removed, the eagles could not see people approaching their habitat from one out of two possible sides. We found that for one individual, stress behaviors such as gular fluttering significantly decreased after the removal of the visual barrier, and resting significantly increased. The birds also utilized their habitat more evenly after the visual barrier was removed and were seen at higher, more species‐typical altitudes within the habitat. These findings suggest that increased environmental visual access for zoo‐housed raptors may be a simple way to improve their overall welfare.
Bounds on the bubble wall velocity
Authors: Ai Wen-Yuan , Laurent Benoit , van de Vis Jorinde 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Determining the bubble wall velocity in first-order phase transitions is a challenging task, requiring the solution of (coupled) equations of motion for the scalar field and Boltzmann equations for the particles in the plasma. The collision terms appearing in the Boltzmann equation present a prominent source of uncertainty as they are often known only at leading log accuracy. In this paper, we derive upper and lower bounds on the wall velocity, corresponding to the local thermal equilibrium and ballistic limits. These bounds are completely independent of the collision terms.
For the ballistic approximation, we argue that the inhomogeneous plasma temperature and velocity distributions across the bubble wall should be taken into account. This way, the hydrodynamic obstruction previously observed in local thermal equilibrium is also present for the ballistic approximation. This is essential for the ballistic approximation to provide a lower bound on the wall velocity. We use a model-independent approach to study the behaviour of the limiting wall velocities as a function of a few generic parameters, and we test our developments in the singlet extended Standard Model.
An investigation of the curvature variation in rolling a stiffened panel
Authors: Alfawzan Yasir , Lv Jiaxin , Shi Zhusheng , Lin Jianguo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Integral aluminium-stiffened panel, recognised for their light weight and superior performance, holds great potential for manufacturing through a combination of extrusion and subsequent rolling. Rolling these panels often leads to undesired curved shape due to their asymmetrical cross-sections; a careful control of rolling parameters for asymmetrical rolling is therefore essential to achieve the target shape—either straight or with specific curvature. The key influencing factors and their influencing mechanisms, however, have not been clarified. This study investigates the effects of various rolling parameters on panel curvature through finite element simulations. The results reveal that the primary influencing factors are plate thickness reduction, stiffener reduction, and speed ratio at a given geometry, while secondary factors include roll diameter, friction coefficient, temperature, roll speed, and panel material. Increasing the plate thickness reduction increases the curvature, while increasing the stiffener reduction reduces it. A higher speed ratio also decreases the curvature. Additionally, maintaining equal reductions in the plate thickness and stiffener can produce the most geometrically accurate panels, preventing material underfill or overfilling of the groove during rolling. The findings suggest that appropriate combination of rolling parameters enables the precise control over the curvature, contributing to the development of an efficient, high-performance rolling process for aluminium-stiffened panels.
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of eukaryotic elongation factor 1B gamma (eEF1Bγ) reduces Tobacco etch virus accumulation in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Kang Bomi , Venkatesh Jelli , Lee Joung-Ho , Kim Jung-Min , Kwon Jin-kyung , Kang Byoung-Cheorl 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Key message

Tobacco etch virus accumulation declined in Nicotiana benthamiana eEF1Bγ gene-edited lines, suggesting that eEF1Bγ may be a host factor for this virus.

Abstract
Viruses use host factors to replicate and move from cell to cell. Therefore, the editing of genes encoding viral host factors that are not essential for plant survival enables the rapid development of plants with durable virus resistance. Eukaryotic initiation factors, such as eIF4E and eIF4G, function as host factors for viral infection, and loss-of-function mutations of these factors lead to virus resistance. Broadening the spectrum of host factor targets would help expand resources for engineering virus resistance. In this study, we tested whether editing the eukaryotic translation elongation factor gene eEF1Bγ would produce virus-resistant plants. Accordingly, we targeted the four eEF1Bγ genes in Nicotiana benthamiana for editing using virus-induced gene editing (VIGE) with Tobacco rattle virus (TRV). Although we attempted to obtain plants edited for all four eEF1Bγ homologs, we failed to identify such plants. Instead, we obtained plants with three of the four homologs knocked out, harboring 1-bp insertion/deletions resulting in premature stop codons. These eEF1Bγ-edited plants did not exhibit resistance to Potato virus X (PVX), Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), or Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) but showed reduced accumulation of Tobacco etch virus (TEV) compared to wild-type plants. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of conferring resistance in plants through gene editing of eEF1Bγ, underscoring the importance of exploring diverse host factor targets for comprehensive virus resistance.
Thanatochemistry and the role of hypoxanthine in the post-mortem interval estimation: a systematic literature review
Authors: Cardinale Andrea Nicola , Di Lorenzo Antonio , Bellino Mara , Strisciullo Giuseppe , Mussi Valentina , Sablone Sara 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The estimation of post-mortem interval (PMI) is of utmost importance for forensic pathologists due to its implication in medico-legal evaluations. Research over the last thirty years has sought new methods for estimating the time of death, particularly focused on human biomarkers whose concentration changes over time after death. Although most studies are based on potassium (K+) concentrations in blood and vitreous humor (VH), hypoxanthine (Hx) has shown great promise in assessing PMI. Following PRISMA guidelines, this systematic review addresses the PICO question: "In human cadavers, what is the role of hypoxanthine, where, and with what analytical techniques is it currently used for post-mortem interval estimation?". Twenty-four papers were retrieved. The results indicate that Hx concentration can be estimated in various biofluids, VH being the most commonly accounted for. Furthermore, different pre-analytical procedures are resorted to for sample preparation, such as several methodologies utilized to detect Hx concentration. The relationship between the so-obtained Hx levels and PMI is expressed quantitively (through regressions or correlation coefficients) or semi-quantitatively (by changes in nuclear magnetic resonance spectra). PMI estimation accuracy improves significantly when additional factors are considered (such as ambient and rectal temperature, urea concentration, body weight, and cause of death) or when new methodologies providing flexible regression models are applied. Despite the promising potential, many limitations remain. Notably, the heterogeneity of sample selection and pre-analytical/analytical phases leads to inconsistent results. Thus, much more should be done to lay procedural standards and optimize biochemistry and Hx utilization in PMI-related forensic investigations.
Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown on cancer stage distribution and time to treatment initiation using cancer registry data of the Swiss cantons of Zurich and Zug from 2018 to 2021
Authors: Suter Flurina , Wanner Miriam , Wicki Andreas , Korol Dimitri , Rohrmann Sabine 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Swiss healthcare institutions conducted only urgent procedures during the COVID-19 lockdown, potentially leading to a lack of care for other severe diseases, such as cancer. We examined the effects of the pandemic on cancer stage distribution and time between cancer diagnosis and treatment initiation using population-based cancer registry data.

Methods
The study was based on data of the cancer registry of the cantons of Zurich and Zug from 2018 to 2021. Cancer stage distribution was analysed descriptively and with a Pearson’s Chi-squared test. Time between cancer diagnosis and treatment initiation was determined in days and analysed descriptively and by fitting Quasipoisson regression models.

Results
For all-cancer and colorectal, lung, and prostate cancer statistically significant evidence for a difference in cancer stages distribution among the incidence years was observed. Based on the all-cancer regression models, longer time to treatment initiation (TTI) was observed for patients diagnosed in 2021 and receiving surgery (Rate Ratio = 1.08 [95% confidence interval 1.03, 1.14]) or hormone therapy (1.20 [1.03, 1.40]) compared to those diagnosed in 2018/19 receiving those therapies. We observed no difference in TTI between cancer patients diagnosed in 2020 compared to 2018/19 for any of the therapies investigated, except for chemotherapy with shorter TTI (0.92 [0.86, 0.98]).

Conclusion
The observed effects on cancer outcomes in 2020 and 2021 compared to 2018/19 coincided with the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland in 2020 onwards. Short- and long-term effects of the pandemic on cancer outcomes and the public healthcare system were observed. However, we cannot exclude that the implementation of the new Swiss law on cancer registration in 2020 explains part of our observations.
The effect of medical comorbidity on HOOS/KOOS/FAOS: a national register-based cohort study of 7850 representative citizens
Authors: Larsen Peter , Elsoe Rasmus 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Despite extensive validation, the impact of medical comorbidities on the outcomes of the Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS), Knee Injury Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) remains underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of medical comorbidities on HOOS, KOOS, and FAOS subscales using a large, nationally representative sample.

Methods
This national register-based cohort study invited 26,877 participants to complete HOOS, KOOS, or FAOS questionnaires. Medical comorbidities—including diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/asthma, rheumatological diseases, osteoporosis, stroke, obesity, and heart disease—were identified through the Danish National Patient Register.

Results
A total of 7850 participants (29%) responded, with 1863 (24%) having medical comorbidities. HOOS/KOOS/FAOS subscale scores were significantly worse in patients with comorbidities, particularly in the Sport/Rec, ADL, and QOL subscales. Mean score differences between participants with and without comorbidities were pain (− 5.7, 95% CI − 6.6 to − 4.7), symptoms (− 4.6, 95% CI − 5.5 to − 3.6), ADL (− 7.1, 95% CI − 8.0 to − 6.1), Sport/Rec (− 10.4, 95% CI − 11.9 to − 8.9), and QOL (− 6.9, 95% CI − 8.2 to − 5.7). Diabetes, rheumatological diseases, and obesity were associated with the greatest complaints.

Conclusion
Patients with medical comorbidity reported significantly lower HOOS/KOOS/FAOS subscale scores compared to participants without medical comorbidity. Diabetes, chronic rheumatological diseases, and adiposities were observed with the most complaints.

Key Points• Medical comorbidity predicts considerably lower HOOS/KOOS/FAOS subscale scores.• Diabetes, rheumatological diseases, and obesity exerted the most pronounced negative effects on the HOOS/KOOS/FAOS.• Findings underscore the importance of considering comorbidities when interpreting HOOS/KOOS/FOAS subscale scores.
Finding search directions in quasi-Newton methods for minimizing a quadratic function subject to uncertainty
Authors: Peng Shen , Canessa Gianpiero , Ek David , Forsgren Anders 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We investigate quasi-Newton methods for minimizing a strongly convex quadratic function which is subject to errors in the evaluation of the gradients. In particular, we focus on computing search directions for quasi-Newton methods that all give identical behavior in exact arithmetic, generating minimizers of Krylov subspaces of increasing dimensions, thereby having finite termination. The BFGS quasi-Newton method may be seen as an ideal method in exact arithmetic and is empirically known to behave very well on a quadratic problem subject to small errors. We investigate large-error scenarios, in which the expected behavior is not so clear. We consider memoryless methods that are less expensive than the BFGS method, in that they generate low-rank quasi-Newton matrices that differ from the identity by a symmetric matrix of rank two. In addition, a more advanced model for generating the search directions is proposed, based on solving a chance-constrained optimization problem. Our numerical results indicate that for large errors, such a low-rank memoryless quasi-Newton method may perform better than a BFGS method. In addition, the results indicate a potential edge by including the chance-constrained model in the memoryless quasi-Newton method.
The immersion poset on partitions
Authors: Johnston Lisa , Kenepp David , Nguyen Evuilynn , Paul Digjoy , Schilling Anne , Simone Mary Claire , Zhou Regina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We introduce the immersion poset

$$({\mathcal {P}}(n), \leqslant _I)$$

(
P

(
n
)

,

⩽
I

)

on partitions, defined by

$$\lambda \leqslant _I \mu $$

λ

⩽
I

μ

if and only if

$$s_\mu (x_1, \ldots , x_N) - s_\lambda (x_1, \ldots , x_N)$$

s
μ

(

x
1

,
…
,

x
N

)

-

s
λ

(

x
1

,
…
,

x
N

)

is monomial-positive. Relations in the immersion poset determine when irreducible polynomial representations of

$$GL_N({\mathbb {C}})$$

G

L
N

(
C
)

form an immersion pair, as defined by Prasad and Raghunathan [7]. We develop injections

$$\textsf{SSYT}(\lambda , \nu ) \hookrightarrow \textsf{SSYT}(\mu , \nu )$$

SSYT
(
λ
,
ν
)
↪
SSYT
(
μ
,
ν
)

on semistandard Young tableaux given constraints on the shape of

$$\lambda $$

λ

, and present results on immersion relations among hook and two column partitions. The standard immersion poset

$$({\mathcal {P}}(n), \leqslant _{std})$$

(
P

(
n
)

,

⩽

std

)

is a refinement of the immersion poset, defined by

$$\lambda \leqslant _{std} \mu $$

λ

⩽

std

μ

if and only if

$$\lambda \leqslant _D \mu $$

λ

⩽
D

μ

in dominance order and

$$f^\lambda \leqslant f^\mu $$

f
λ

⩽

f
μ

, where

$$f^\nu $$

f
ν

is the number of standard Young tableaux of shape

$$\nu $$

ν

. We classify maximal elements of certain shapes in the standard immersion poset using the hook length formula. Finally, we prove Schur-positivity of power sum symmetric functions on conjectured lower intervals in the immersion poset, addressing questions posed by Sundaram [12].
‘Nurses as Gatekeepers’: Nurses’ Responses to Spiritual Needs of Patients with Primary Malignant Brain Tumors in Austria—Analysis of a Qualitative Vignette Study
Authors: Grabenweger Reinhard , Völz Daniela , Bumes Elisabeth , Best Megan , Paal Piret 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper investigates the nurses’ gatekeeping role for spiritual care in multi-disciplinary teams as a way of responding to the spiritual needs of patients with brain tumors in Austria. Using a validated vignette in an online survey, qualitative data from 56 neurosurgical nurses (30.4% response rate) were analyzed via reflexive thematic analysis. One key theme, Nurses as Gatekeepers – Referral and Working with other Health Care Professionals, highlights nurses’ critical role in spiritual care. Effective referrals depend on nurses’ awareness of spiritual care specialists’ roles, emphasizing their importance in ensuring comprehensive, team-based care for neuro-oncological patients with complex spiritual needs.
General network production theory for good and bad inputs and outputs
Authors: Dyckhoff Harald 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The paper systematically extends a recently developed general production theory for networks of arbitrarily complex structure by utilising multi-criteria analysis to include undesirable objects as inputs and outputs. By embedding Koopmans’ linear activity analysis into the broader framework the approach is generic in that it requires rather weak technological properties, thus allowing non-convex and even discrete production possibilities without any disposability property. The modelling approach can often be more appropriate than conventional ones and can be easily extended to dynamic analyses, since its network flow equations are based on balances that can integrate inventories in cases of material inputs and outputs. Theorems are proved that relate important properties of whole networks (e.g. convexity) or of their activities (e.g. efficiency) to those of their individual production units. Common methods of efficiency measurement are integrated in such a way that network data envelopment analysis for bads as inputs or outputs is embedded as the special case focusing specifically on polyhedral technologies. By applying different types of efficiency measures, a systematic procedure for evaluating the performance of network activities is demonstrated for the example of a two-stage production and abatement network and its subsystem with parallel units.