bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Shifting Nature of Relationality in the Blurred Boundaries of Hybrid Organizational Ethnography
Authors: Alcadipani Rafael , Cunliffe Ann L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTechnology's impact on conducting organizational research is axiomatic. Studies on the topic focus on how digital technologies are used to collect data and how people use or interact with technology in online spaces. Although it is generally agreed that boundaries between online and offline realms are becoming increasingly blurred, few studies exist on the impact of digital technologies on the work and life of organizational ethnographers. Our contribution lies in alerting new and experienced ethnographers engaging in hybrid ethnography – a developing methodology encompassingbothface‐to‐faceandonline interactions – to how boundaries may blur between space and time, professional and personal, participation and observation, and what is real and what isn't. We emphasize the importance of anticipating relational shifts – understanding how new forms of sociality emerge when digital and physical interactions are an integral part of the field; and we examine subsequent advantages and challenges. To illustrate, we offer examples from a hybrid ethnography conducted in an investigative police force, where smartphones and WhatsApp are embedded in work and consequently became an integral part of the research.
Ideas in Politics in International Context
Authors: Middleton Alex 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article asks how we might rethink the study of ‘ideas in politics’ in modern Britain. It suggests that historians need to set the problem in its international contexts in a more structured way. Focussing on the nineteenth century, the article reflects on conceptual angles opened up by ‘global intellectual’ and ‘entangled’ approaches to political ideas and behaviour. While stressing that these methods have their pitfalls, the article argues that a reconsideration of the seams where international and intellectual contexts meet can help to reconnect modern British political history with wider historical debates.
Exciting, boring, and nonexistent skylines: Vertical building gaps in global perspective
Authors: Barr Jason , Jedwab Remi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDespite the widespread prevalence and economic importance of tall buildings, little is known about how their patterns vary across space and time. We aim to quantify differences across major world regions over time (1950–2020). To do so, we exploit novel data on the location, height (above 55 m), and year of construction of nearly all tall buildings in the world. We propose a new methodology to estimate the extent to which some world regions build up more than othersgivensimilar economic and geographic conditions, city size distributions, and other features. Our analyses reveal that many skylines may visually appear more prominent than they really are once one includes all tall buildings and core controls, which alters how regions are ranked in terms of tall building stocks. Using results by city size, centrality, height of buildings, and building function, we classify world regions into different groups, finding that tall building stocks are likely driven byboring skylinesof residential high‐rises, and to a lesser extentexciting skylinesof skyscrapers and office towers. Finally, land‐use regulations and preferences, not historical preservation nor dispersed ownership, may account for most observed differences.
The event‐based influence of incentivizing and physical contexts on daily alcohol initiation and consumption
Authors: Howe Lindy K. , Finn Peter R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundYoung adults often decide to engage in heavy drinking. Learning more about the real‐time factors that predict decisions to initiate a drinking episode and how much is consumed in any single drinking episode is necessary in developing our understanding of momentary alcohol use and discrete decisions surrounding alcohol use.MethodsThe current study examined the association between contextual factors and decisions to initiate and consume alcohol in 104 young adult individuals over 2 weeks via mobile daily diary. Participants responded to daily notifications about decisions to drink or not and the contextual factors surrounding each event. The contextual factors included the situation (e.g., bar setting and pregaming) and incentives (e.g., alcohol, social, and mood enhancement).ResultsMultilevel analyses revealed that incentives predicted both the initiation of drinking and the amount consumed. Event‐based alcohol and mood incentives predicted the initiation of drinking, while alcohol, mood, and social/party incentives predicted how much was consumed at a specific event. However, context had a more complex association with drinking outcomes. Being in a bar, alone, or at a residence predicted decisions to initiate drinking, while being in a bar, pregaming situation, or other party situation with others who are drinking predicted how much a person drank.ConclusionsThe results highlight the importance of studying event‐specific predictors of drinking decisions and the complex association between context/location and the type of drinking decision or outcome.
Land use change and forest patch analysis as a decision‐making tool to sustainably develop plantation agriculture and optimize biodiversity conservation
Authors: Yevide Sedami Igor Armand , Cobbina Nana Darko , Loescher Henry W. , Khan Ahmed S. , Baffoe Abraham 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEstablished for biodiversity conservation, protected areas (PAs) have been downsized, downgraded, and/or degazetted for socioeconomic development including plantation agriculture. Although studies have highlighted causes, implications for biodiversity conservation, and the need for policies governing Protected Area Downsizing, Downgrading, and Degazettement (PADDD), no study has proposed a methodology to inform PADDD events to help decision making that balance economic growth pursuit with ecological and environmental commitments. A methodology based on land use change and forest patch analysis has been applied to Buvuma Island to guide the choice of PAs that can undergo PADDD as well as identification of new areas that can be declared as PAs. Our results revealed that, over the last decade, natural vegetation of Buvuma Island has been highly degraded with forest depletion from 45.0% in 2007 to 15.8% in 2016. About 65% of the initial forest cover were lost. The average yearly forest loss rate was 3.2% or 712.8 ha. A total number of 19 PAs covering 3103 ha including 2816 ha of existing PAs and 287 ha of identified forest patches were selected for biodiversity conservation. This flexible methodology can be applied at various spatial and temporal scale to ensure sustainable plantation agriculture development.
Bruch's membrane and Brücke's muscle in the pars plana region
Authors: Jonas Jost B. , Jonas Rahul A. , Jonas Shefali B. , Panda‐Jonas Songhomitra 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPurposeTo examine Bruch's membrane (BM) in association with the longitudinal part of the ciliary muscle (LPCM) in the pars plana region.MethodsUsing light microscopy, we histomorphometrically assessed BM and the LPCM in the pars plana region.ResultsThe histomorphometric study included 51 eyes (51 patients; mean age: 60.8 ± 15.0 years; axial length: 26.0 ± 3.3 mm; range: 21.0–36.0 mm). The LPCM (total length: 4.60 ± 1.10 mm) ended 1.15 ± 0.56 mm anterior to the ora serrata. Within the pars plana region, the LPCM (length: 2.58 ± 0.98 mm) had direct contact with BM for 1.95 ± 0.99 mm (71.1 ± 18.4% of the BM undersurface), while a capillary layer was interposed between the BM and the LPCM for 0.70 ± 0.40 mm (29.0 ± 18.4%). In the pars plana region free of LPCM close to the ora serrata, the percentage of BM covered by the capillary layer was higher than in the pars plana region containing the LPCM (63.0 ± 42.1% vs. 29.0 ± 18.4%; p < 0.001). At the LPCM end, BM was in direct contact with a collagenous tissue from the LPCM and was focally thickened as compared to BM with an underlying capillary layer (9.5 ± 5.3 μm vs. 4.3 ± 1.2 μm; p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe direct contact of BM with the LPCM in the pars plana in association with focal BM thickening at the LPCM end suggests an insertion of LPCM on the BM. Taking into account the biomechanical strength of BM, it may imply a functional unit of the LPCM with BM in the process of accommodation with a secondary movement of the posterior BM and tertiary thickening of the subfoveal choroidal space.
The importance of clinician courtroom testimony for children exposed to domestic violence
Authors: Puccia Ellen , Smaldone Aurora , Hoffmann Frances Rebecca 
Published: April 2023

AbstractChildren exposed to domestic violence account for as many as a third of all children in the United States. Many of these children will seek mental health treatment for symptoms of trauma. The clinicians who provide their treatment are often called as witnesses in family law proceedings, especially child protection and custody cases. Clinicians are often anxious when they receive subpoenas to testify and prefer to avoid testimony. Training about court proceedings, subpoenas and how to prepare for testimony would be beneficial for clinicians and will help clinicians be more confident in the courtroom. Additionally, becoming designated as expert witnesses can only help mental health clinicians provide a greater understanding of the issues encountered by children experiencing domestic violence, and these clinicians can provide recommendations that will take into account child safety without exacerbating trauma symptoms.
A synthetic control approach to estimate the effect of total allowable catches in the high seas
Authors: Lawson Julia Margaret , Smith Conner Muir 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTotal allowable catch restrictions (hereafter referred to as catch quotas) play an important role in maintaining healthy fish stocks. While studies have identified a positive relationship between catch quota implementation and improved stock status, these methods are subject to selection bias as catch quotas are typically applied to stocks that are depleted. We address this challenge using the synthetic control method, which estimates the causal effect of catch quotas on fishing mortality and biomass by predicting a synthetic counterfactual outcome. We focus on high seas stocks (tunas, billfishes, and sharks) managed by tuna Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (tRFMOs), first providing an overview of stock status and current management measures in place. We find that implementation of catch quotas by tRFMOs has more than doubled over the past decade. Second, we predict the hypothetical fishing mortality and biomass trajectory for seven high seas quota‐managed stocks in absence of a catch quota. These “synthetic non‐quota stocks” are predicted using a weighted selection of high seas non‐quota stocks. Credibility of the synthetic non‐quota stocks is evaluated through diagnostic checks, and robustness tests assess sensitivity to study design. Five credible fishing mortality synthetic controls are predicted: three add support to the hypothesis that catch quotas successfully reduce fishing mortality, while two find that catch quotas increase fishing mortality. While our analysis is limited in scope, given that all seven quota‐managed stocks are managed under a single tRFMO, we highlight the potential for the synthetic control method in fisheries management evaluation.
Stage‐specific drivers of Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) recruitment in the California Current Ecosystem
Authors: Vestfals Cathleen D. , Marshall Kristin N. , Tolimieri Nick , Hunsicker Mary E. , Berger Aaron M. , Taylor Ian G. , Jacox Michael G. , Turley Brendan D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUnderstanding environmental drivers of recruitment variability in marine fishes remains an important challenge in fish ecology and fisheries management. We developed a conceptual life‐history model for Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) along the west coast of the United States and Canada to generate stage‐specific and spatiotemporally‐specific hypotheses regarding the oceanographic and biological variables that likely influence their recruitment. Our model included seven life stages from pre‐spawning female conditioning through pelagic juvenile recruitment (age‐0 fish) for the coastal Pacific hake stock. Model‐estimated log recruitment deviations from the 2020 hake assessment were used as the dependent variable, with predictor variables drawn primarily from a regional ocean reanalysis for the California Current Ecosystem. Indices of prey and predator abundance were also included in our analysis, as were predictors of local‐ and basin‐scale climate. Five variables explained 59% of the recruitment variability not accounted for by the stock–recruitment relationship in the hake assessment. Recruitment deviations were negatively correlated with May–September eddy kinetic energy between 34.5° and 42.5°N, the North Pacific Current Bifurcation Index, and Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) biomass during the spawner preconditioning stage, alongshore transport during the yolk‐sac larval stage, and the number of days between storm events during the first‐feeding larval stage. Other important predictors included upwelling strength during the preconditioning stage, the number of calm periods during the first‐feeding larval stage, and age‐1 hake predation on age‐0 pelagic juveniles. These findings suggest that multiple mechanisms affect Pacific hake survival across different life stages, leading to variability in population‐level recruitment.
Factors associated with frailty transitions among the old‐old in a community
Authors: Li Jiaojiao , Zhu Minglei , Zhao Songqi , Liu Xiaohong 
Published: April 2023

AimThe study aimed to explore the factors associated with frailty transitions among the old‐old (aged ≥75 years) in a community.MethodsThe participants were all from a prospective cohort study in a community in Beijing, China. Frailty states were assessed using FRAIL at baseline and at 1‐year follow‐up. The association between factors, including comprehensive geriatric assessment and laboratory indicators, and frailty transitions were explored by binary logistic regression. The predicted value of the factors associated with frailty transitions was analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and the area under the ROC (AUC) for each factor was calculated.ResultsIn total, 183 older adults (mean age: 83.9 ± 4.4 years; women, 59%) completed the frailty state assessment at baseline and 1‐year follow‐up. After adjusting for age and sex, physical function, including walking speed, timed up‐and‐go test and short physical performance battery, serum albumin and serum high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) were associated with worsening of the frailty state. Cognitive function was associated with improving the frailty state. ROC analysis showed that low walking speed (AUC: 0.81), long timed up‐and‐go test time (AUC: 0.77), low short physical performance battery score (AUC: 0.75), low serum albumin (AUC: 0.68) and high serum hsCRP (AUC: 0.80) could predict the decline in frailty state. Good cognitive function (AUC: 0.69) predicted an improvement in the frailty state.ConclusionsThe frailty state of the old‐old with poor physical function, low serum albumin and high serum hsCRP was likely to decline, but it could improve with good cognitive function. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 405–410.
Health professionals’ recommendations on the use of fluoride varnish for caries prevention in preschool children
Authors: Couto Flávia Macedo , de Sousa Fernanda Santos de Oliveira , Vicente Gabriela Cristina , Castro Daniel Pereira de Faria , Nadanovsky Paulo , dos Santos Ana Paula Pires , Barja‐Fidalgo Fernanda 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundFluoride varnish (FV) is widely recommended for caries prevention in preschool children, despite its anticaries benefits being uncertain and modest. Dentists often report using clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) as a source of scientific information.AimTo identify and analyze recommendations for clinical practice on the use of FV for caries prevention in preschool children and to assess the methodological quality of the CPG on this topic.DesignTwo researchers independently used 12 search strategies and searched the first five pages of Google Search™ and three guideline databases for recommendations freely available to health professionals on the use of FV for caries prevention in preschoolers. Then, they retrieved and recorded recommendations that met the eligibility criteria and extracted the data. A third researcher resolved disagreements. Each included CPG was appraised using the AGREE II instrument.ResultsTwenty‐nine documents were included. Recommendations varied according to age, patients' caries risk, and application frequency. Of the six CPGs, only one scored above 70% in the AGREE II overall assessment.ConclusionRecommendations on the use of FV lacked scientific evidence, and CPGs were of poor quality. Application of FV is widely recommended despite recent evidence showing an uncertain, modest, and possibly not clinically relevant anticaries benefit. Dentists should be aware that it is necessary to critically appraise CPGs since they may be of poor quality.
ROUX‐EN‐Y LOOP JEJUNAL NECROSIS: ANOTHER PANCREATITIS ASSOCIATED ENTEROPATHY
Authors: Gandi F Saa , Loh A , Jones P A 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYSevere acute pancreatitis is frequently associated with systemic and local complications. Local sequelae include disorders of the stomach, duodenum, small and large bowel, collectively termed pancreatic enteropathies. We describe a patient with post‐gastrectomy acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis which was complicated by necrosis and perforation of an intra‐thoracic Roux‐en‐Y jejunal loop. This does not appear to have been previously reported.
CHILDHOOD CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE IN QATAR
Authors: Ehlayel M S , Akl KF 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYThirty children below the age of 12 with chronic renal failure (CRF) were studied. In 21 patients (70%) the renal failure was secondary to congenital or familial aetiology. Obstructive uropathy (53.3%), mostly due to posterior urethral valves (40%), comprised the majority of cases. Four cases (13.3%) were secondary to reflux nephropathy.It is concluded that the majority of cases of CRF in the state of Qatar are secondary to potentially treatable or preventable conditions. Use of antenatal ultrasonography combined with aggressive management of obstruction and urine infection may help reduce morbidity and mortality.
ARTIFICIAL VENTILATORY MANAGEMENT IN A SEVERE, PREGNANT ASTHMATIC — A CASE REPORT
Authors: Gruteke P , Askari A , Chatterjee TK , Chopra MP , Nwokolo FF 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYA 33‐year‐old pregnant atopic woman, who had never suffered from asthma or atopic‐related disorder, was admitted on three occasions during her fifth pregnancy with severe asthma. On her last admission she required more intensive monitoring and artificial ventilation. We report this patient and discuss the pathogenesis of asthma during pregnancy.Asthma in pregnancy is not uncommon and it may take a severe course in some pregnancies. In one prospective study 42% of the patients required aggressive management, but none required artificial ventilation. However, there was no difference in the outcome of pregnancies between asthmatic and control subjects.1 Here we describe a patient with severe asthma who required artificial ventilation with a successful outcome.
HUMERAL FRACTURES IN ‘ARM WRESTLERS‘
Authors: Owen T D 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYWe report three cases of fractures of the shaft of the humerus occurring during arm wrestling contests, which have now become a common pub — and even professional — sport. We then review all the literature on the subject. This is an unusual injury occurring in arm wrestling, but does occur and it should be remembered that radiological assessment is vital if this injury is not to be missed and the injury mismanaged.
RECTAL ADMINISTRATION OF PERFORATED NIFEDIPINE CAPSULES IN ACUTE SEVERE HYPERTENSION IN CHILDREN
Authors: Uchiyama M , Sakai K 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYNine hypertensive children (mean age: 5.0 years (SD: 4.5), range: 10 months to 15 years) were administered nifedipine (capsule) rectally (0.2 to 0.5 mg/kg) when their blood pressures were over 170 mmHg systolic and/or over 110 mmhg diastolic, independent of their ages. The causes of hypertension were acute glomerulonephritis (n = 2), chronic glomerulonephritis (n = 2), renovascular hypertension (n = 4), and polycystic kidney (n = 1).Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures fell in all children after rectal administration of nifedipine, although the response of blood pressure was weak in one child with renovascular hypertension. Blood pressures were lowest at 30 to 60 minutes, and remained under 140 mmHg systolic and 80 mmHg diastolic at least for three hours. Side‐effects were headache in one child, palpitations in two children, and facial flushing in three. All of these symptoms were mild, and no special treatment was required. These findings suggest that rectal administration of nifedipine may be effective and the most reliable way to treat young children with severe or urgent hypertension.
AORTIC DISSECTION
Authors: Ponraj P , Pepper J 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYAortic dissection, once thought to be rare, is the most common catastrophe of the aorta, being twice as common as ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm.1 In one Inner London borough, aortic dissection accounted for 4.2% of sudden deaths in men over a three‐year period.2 Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial to achieving a successful outcome, because the events that influence survival occur early in the course of the disease.Surgical repair of aortic dissection is an uncommon operation in the United Kingdom. The Cardiac Surgical Register for 1988 (the most recent year available for analysis) reveals that 208 operations were performed to replace the ascending aorta, 12 operations to replace the aortic arch and 15 operations on the descending aorta during that year.
TOO MANY RECTAL EXAMINATIONS? A SURVEY OF NURSING MANAGEMENT OF CONSTIPATION IN ELDERLY PATIENTS
Authors: Davies K N , Mulley G P 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYA survey of nursing practices for the diagnosis and management of constipation in elderly patients in a Department of Medicine for the Elderly showed that up to 100 patients each week were subjected to unsupervised digital rectal examination. This procedure may be distressing to the patients and is probably unnecessary. We question whether this is acceptable or desirable practice.
STEATORRHOEA AND SUB‐TOTAL VILLOUS ATROPHY COMPLICATING MEFENAMIC ACID THERAPY
Authors: Peacey S R , Walls W D 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYWe report a case of steatorrhoea and sub‐total villous atrophy, occurring during therapy with mefenamic acid. The patient recovered on cessation of the drug while continuing a normal diet.
A COMPARISON OF KETOPROFEN SR AND SULINDAC IN THE ELDERLY WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: Ahern M J , Wetherall M , Leslie A , James R H , PhD, FRACP P J Roberts‐Thomson , Rennie G C 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYThe elderly (age >65 years) are more vulnerable to side‐effects induced by non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). We therefore performed a double‐blind comparative study of ketoprofen SR and sulindac in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis, 65 years of age or older. Sulindac was chosen because of its possible renal sparing effects, and ketoprofen SR because of its short half life and sustained release delivery system. Eighty patients were entered.More patients withdrew from the study due to side‐effects in the sulindac group; both treatment groups had a high incidence of side‐effects during this study and during previous exposure to other NSAIDs, demonstrating that the elderly are susceptible to side‐effects from NSAIDs.