bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational modeling of low‐density lipoprotein accumulation at the carotid artery bifurcation after stenting
Authors: Johari Nasrul H. , Menichini Claudia , Hamady Mohamad , Xu Xiao Y. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRestenosis typically occurs in regions of low and oscillating wall shear stress, which also favor the accumulation of atherogenic macromolecules such as low‐density lipoprotein (LDL). This study aims to evaluate LDL transport and accumulation at the carotid artery bifurcation following carotid artery stenting (CAS) by means of computational simulation. The computational model consists of coupled blood flow and LDL transport, with the latter being modeled as a dilute substance dissolved in the blood and transported by the flow through a convection‐diffusion transport equation. The endothelial layer was assumed to be permeable to LDL, and the hydraulic conductivity of LDL was shear‐dependent. Anatomically realistic geometric models of the carotid bifurcation were built based on pre‐ and post‐stent computed tomography (CT) scans. The influence of stent design was investigated by virtually deploying two different types of stents (open‐ and closed‐cell stents) into the same carotid bifurcation model. Predicted LDL concentrations were compared between the post‐stent carotid models and the relatively normal contralateral model reconstructed from patient‐specific CT images. Our results show elevated LDL concentration in the distal section of the stent in all post‐stent models, where LDL concentration is 20 times higher than that in the contralateral carotid. Compared with the open‐cell stents, the closed‐cell stents have larger areas exposed to high LDL concentration, suggesting an increased risk of stent restenosis. This computational approach is readily applicable to multiple patient studies and, once fully validated against follow‐up data, it can help elucidate the role of stent strut design in the development of in‐stent restenosis after CAS.
Transient power angle stability analysis and improvement strategy for parallel system of virtual synchronous generator and static var generator
Authors: Xiao Changlin , Jiang Fei , Su Bin , Gao Yan , Peng Xing , Liu Xiaoxiao 
Published: September 2023

SummaryVirtual synchronous generators (VSGs) can actively support the frequency and voltage of the grid and are widely used in new energy power plants. Static var generators (SVGs) can improve the reactive power–voltage drop characteristics of the VSG and increase its ability to cope with complex operating conditions. However, the interaction between the VSG and the SVG can affect the output characteristics of the VSG and thus its transient power angle stability. Therefore, this paper proposes a method for analyzing the transient power angle stability of a VSG–SVG parallel system and its improvement strategy. Firstly, based on the equivalent circuit of the parallel system, the interaction‐coupled power model and the transient power angle characteristic model are derived. On this basis, the influence law of various parameters on the transient stability of VSG is analyzed based on the phase plane method. Secondly, a strategy is proposed to improve the transient power angle stability of the VSG–SVG parallel system based on the adaptive regulation of active power, and the feasibility of the strategy is verified by comparing the phase plane diagrams before and after the improved control. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model and strategy is verified by Matlab/Simulink simulation.
Dynamic spectrum access‐based augmenting coverage in narrow band Internet of Things
Authors: Gnanaselvam R. , Vasanthi M. S. 
Published: September 2023

SummaryThe Third Generation Partnership Project launched the Narrowband Internet of Things (NB‐IoT) as part of 5G technology under Release‐13. These networks are authorized Low Power Wide Area Networks. It uses less power and sends message over long distances. The NB‐IoT is can be used widely in industries, environment, and home for automation. While comparing NB‐IoT to regular Long Term Evaluation Machine Type Communication, the repetition in uplink is 128. The extreme coverage by 164 dB in terms of Maximum Coupling Loss. The NB‐IoT is employed in deep coverage for users. If we use many repetitions in NB‐IoT technology, the results are shorter battery life and higher maintenance cost. Hence, we suggest abandoning the random spectrum access strategy in favor of a novel technique termed Dynamic Spectrum Access, which uses reinforcement learning algorithm to eliminate the shortcomings. This method is used to decrease the number of re‐transmissions so that NB‐IoT system power goes to less and augments coverage.
Night‐to‐night variability in sleep and amyloid beta burden in normal aging
Authors: Jouvencel Aurore , Baillet Marion , Meyer Marie , Dilharreguy Bixente , Lamare Frederic , Pérès Karine , Helmer Catherine , Dartigues Jean‐François , Amieva Hélène , Mayo Willy , Catheline Gwenaëlle 
Published: September 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONAlzheimer's disease is associated with sleep disturbances and accumulation of cerebral amyloid beta. The objective was to examine whether actigraphy‐detected sleep parameters might be biomarkers for early amyloid burden.METHODSParticipants underwent a week of actigraphy and an amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) scan. Sleep duration and continuity disruption (sleep fragmentation and nocturnal awakenings) were extracted and compared between amyloid‐positive and amyloid‐negative participants. Then multiple linear regressions were used between mean or night‐to‐night intra‐individual variability (standard deviation) of sleep parameters and brain amyloid burden in a voxel‐wise analysis.RESULTSEighty‐six subjects were included (80.3 ± 5.4 years; 48.8% of women). Amyloid‐positive participants had a higher variability of sleep fragmentation compared to amyloid‐negative participants. This parameter was associated with a higher amyloid burden in the frontal and parietal regions, and in the precuneus, in the whole sample.DISCUSSIONThis study highlights the relevance of using variability in sleep continuity as a potential biomarker of early amyloid pathogenesis.
Consensus recommendations for clinical assessment tools for the diagnosis of posterior cortical atrophy syndrome from the Atypical AD PIA of ISTAART
Authors: Pelak Victoria S. , Tang‐Wai David F. , Boeve Bradley F. , Bouwman Femke H. , Graff‐Radford Jonathan , Rabinovici Gil , Holden Samantha K. , Townley Ryan A. , Day Gregory S. , Whitwell Jennifer , Ossenkoppele Rik , Boon Baayla D. C. , Putcha Deepti , Onyike Chiadi U. , Snyder Heather , Crutch Sebastian , Yong Keir X. X. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONDelay in diagnosis of posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) syndrome is common, and the lack of familiarity with assessment tools for identifying visual cortical dysfunction is a contributing factor. We propose recommendations for the approach to the evaluation of PCA clinical features during the office visit, the neuropsychological evaluation, and the research setting. A recommended screening battery for eye clinics is also proposed.METHODSRecommendations were developed using results from a web‐based survey of members of Alzheimer's Association International Society to Advance Alzheimer's Research and Treatment (ISTAART) Atypical Alzheimer's Disease Professional Interest Area (PIA), literature review, and consensus by the PCA assessment working party of the Atypical Alzheimer's Disease PIA.RESULTSSurvey results revealed robust agreement for assessment tool preferences for PCA features, and many respondents indicated that they reserve assessment tools for use only when PCA is suspected. For some PCA features, curated tools were preferred over validated battery tools, particularly for the office visit. Consensus recommendations superseded survey preferences for two core cognitive features within the 2017 PCA diagnostic criteria.DISCUSSIONThese consensus recommendations provide an evaluation framework for PCA clinical features and can facilitate timely and accurate recognition and diagnosis of PCA. Broader use of these tools should be sought, and development and validation of novel PCA clinical outcome assessments are needed to improve our understanding of atypical AD and other dementias and support the inclusion of those with PCA in treatment trials.
Discovery of novel pyrido[3,2‐d]pyrimidine derivatives as selective and potent PI3Kδ inhibitors
Authors: Bai Huanrong , Sun Jiajia , Lei Hao , Zhang San‐Qi , Yuan Bo , Ma Mengyan , Xin Minhang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe δ isoform of class I PI3K (PI3Kδ) has been shown as a promising target for the treatment of hematologic malignancies and immune diseases. Herein, a series of pyrido[3,2‐d]pyrimidine derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for the preliminary bioactivity. Compared with idelalisib, compound S5 exhibited excellent enzyme activity against PI3Kδ (IC50 = 2.82 nM) and strong antiproliferation activity against SU‐DHL‐6 cells (IC50 = 0.035 μM). Besides, S5 inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt, which is downstream of PI3Kδ, in concentration‐dependent manner. In view of the significant improvement in potency of PI3Kδ and selectivity over other PI3K isoforms, Compound S5 deserved further investigation as a promising PI3Kδ inhibitor.
Evaluating the utility of effective breeding size estimates for monitoring sea lamprey spawning abundance
Authors: Weise Ellen M. , Scribner Kim T. , Boeberitz Olivia , Bravener Gale , Johnson Nicholas S. , Robinson John D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) is an invasive species that is a significant source of mortality for populations of valued fish species across the North American Great Lakes. Large annual control programs are needed to reduce the species' impacts; however, the number of successfully spawning adults cannot currently be accurately assessed. In this study, effective breeding size (Nb) and the minimum number of spawning adults (Ns) were estimated for larval cohorts from 17 tributaries across all five Great Lakes using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) genotyped via RAD‐capture sequencing. Reconstructed larval pedigrees showed substantial variability in the size and number of full‐ and half‐sibling groups, Nb (<1–367), and Ns (5–545) among streams. Generalized linear models examining the effects of stream environmental characteristics and aspects of sampling regimes on Nb and Ns estimates identified sample size, the number of sampling sites, and drainage area as important factors predicting Nb and Ns. Correlations between Nb, Ns, and capture–mark–recapture estimates of adult census size (Nc) increased when streams with small sample sizes (n < 50) were removed. Results collectively indicate that parameters estimated from genetic data can provide valuable information on spawning adults in a river system, especially if sampling regimes are standardized and physical stream covariates are included.
Forest resilience and regeneration dynamics following wildfire disturbance
Authors: Bushey Devan , Osmer Mikayla , Green Harleigh , Garneau Danielle , Lesser Mark 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSpecies that are adapted to specific disturbance regimes may be sensitive to changes such as severity, frequency, and extent of ecosystem perturbation. Along range margins, these sensitivities may be exacerbated by concurrent changes in climate resulting in loss of resilience and shifts to alternative ecosystem states. Pinus banksiana (jack pine) is a serotinous species dependent on fire disturbance to open cones, release seed, reduce understory competition, and expose mineral soil. The Altona Flat Rock in northern New York is a globally rare sandstone pine barrens, at the southern edge of jack pine's range. In the summer of 2018, a wildfire burned approximately 200 ha of the Flat Rock barrens, providing the opportunity to study post‐disturbance jack pine and understory resilience. We aimed to establish if jack pine regeneration would occur, and if so, would it be influenced by fire severity, pre‐fire stand characteristics, and competition. We predicted that higher seedling densities would be associated with higher burn severity, higher pre‐fire jack pine stand density, and lesser understory competition. We collected seedling density and understory composition data annually from 2019 to 2022 across 45 plots spanning the disturbed and adjacent undisturbed barrens. In 2021 and 2022, seedling heights were also collected. Seedling densities following the disturbance ranged from 275,385 to 390,513 ha−1; = 357,821 ha−1. Jack pine seedling density was positively associated with fire severity and moss abundance for all years. Pre‐fire stand density along with ericaceous shrub, grass, and duff abundance were also positively associated with seedling density in some years. Seedling height was positively associated with fire severity along with grass and blueberry abundance. These factors, for both establishment/survival and growth, point to the importance of seed supply, microsite conditions, and facilitation in jack pine regeneration success. At this point, it does not appear that the interaction of disturbance with changing climate has shifted enough to prevent the recovery of this ecosystem to its pre‐disturbance jack pine‐dominated state. However, ongoing climate change may still have an impact on seedlings/saplings as this forest continues to mature.
Immunomodulatory activity of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors in immune‐related diseases
Authors: Drakul Marija , Čolić Miodrag 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4), also known as CD26, is a 110‐kDa cell surface glycoprotein with enzymatic and signal transducing activity. DPP‐4/CD26 is expressed by various cells, including CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and NK cells. DPP‐4 inhibitors (DPP‐4i) were introduced to clinics in 2006 as new oral antihyperglycemic drugs approved for type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment. In addition to glucose‐lowering effects, emerging data, from clinical studies and their animal models, suggest that DPP‐4i could display anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects as well, but the molecular and immunological mechanisms of these actions are insufficiently investigated. This review focuses on the modulatory activity of DPP‐4i in the immune system and the possible application of DPP‐4i in other immune‐related diseases in patients with or without diabetes.
Aldol/Brook/Carbon Skeletal Rearrangement Cascade Reactions of β‐Silyl Ketones with Aldehydes
Authors: Nowaki Aya , Kawano Mizuki , Hori Fuka , Fuse Yurika , Yoshimura Tomoyuki , Matsuo Jun‐ichi 
Published: September 2023

Abstractβ‐Silyl ketones reacted with aldehydes by treatment with KMMDS in the presence of 18‐crown‐6 to give β,γ‐unsaturated ketones accompanied with a skeletal rearrangement. The reactions proceeded by aldol reaction of β‐silyl ketones with aldehydes followed by [1,4]‐Brook rearrangement and intramolecular 1,2‐addition to form cyclopropanol derivatives, in which carbon‐carbon bond cleavage took place to afford β,γ‐unsaturated ketones. The β,γ‐unsaturated ketones were prepared in a one‐pot manner by conjugate addition of silyl anions to α,β‐unsaturated ketones followed by reactions with aldehydes. The Brook rearrangement proceeded with complete inversion of configuration at the carbon center.
Design of experiments for micellar electrokinetic chromatography method development for the monitoring of water‐soluble vitamins in cell culture medium
Authors: van der Burg Debbie , Wätzig Hermann , Sänger – van de Griend Cari E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBiopharmaceutical production takes place in complex processes which should be thoroughly understood. Therefore, the iConsensus project focuses on developing a monitoring platform integrating several process analytical technology tools for integrated, automated monitoring of the biopharmaceutical process. Water‐soluble vitamin monitoring using (microchip) capillary electrophoresis (CE) is part of this platform. This work comprises the development of conventional CE methods as the first part towards integrated vitamin monitoring. The vitamins were divided based on their physical–chemical properties to develop two robust methods. Previously, a method for the analysis of cationic vitamins (pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, thiamine and nicotinamide) in cell culture medium was developed. This work focused on the development of a micellar electrokinetic chromatography method for anionic and neutral vitamins (riboflavin, d‐calcium pantothenate, biotin, folic acid, cyanocobalamin and ascorbic acid). By employing multivariate design of experiments, the background electrolyte (BGE) could be optimised within one experiment testing only 11 BGEs. The optimised BGE conditions were 200 mM borate with 77 mM sodium dodecyl sulphate at a pH of 8.6. Using this BGE, all above‐mentioned cationic, anionic and neutral vitamins could be separated in clean samples. In cell culture medium, most anionic and neutral vitamins could be separated. Combining the two methods allows for analysis of cationic, anionic and neutral vitamins in cell culture medium samples. The next step towards integrated vitamin monitoring includes transfer to microchip CE. Due to the lack of fast and reliable methods for vitamin monitoring, the developed capillary methods could be valuable as stand‐alone at‐line process analytical technology solutions as well.
Security analysis of fog computing environment for ensuring the security and privacy of information
Authors: Gola Kamal Kumar , Arya Shikha , Khan Gulista , Devkar Chetna , Chaurasia Nishant 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn fog computing, the management, measurement, configuration, control, communication, and storage tasks are carried out collaboratively by one or more near‐user or end users. Fog computing is widely utilized in major application domains like centralized fog utilized in a shopping complex (UXFog), agriculture domain (FoAgro), health‐care domain (MediFog), vehicle parking system, and energy Lattices. The execution of fog computing at the system's edge provides the elevated quality of service (QoS), promotes area mindfulness, and minimal dormancy for the continuous and online streaming application areas. Fog networking is extremely concerned about wireless system security due to the prevalence of wireless communication in fog computing. Sniffer attacks, Jamming assaults, and several other intrusions are considered examples of security issues. While considering network storage issues, factors like interaction management, dynamic workload, and low dormancy are the most challenging aspects of designing the network model. Thus, privacy and security issues are crucial while designing the network model, accomplished through intrusion detection, access control and authentication methods. Therefore, the security analysis of fog computing based on authentication, access control and intrusion detection mechanisms are analyzed in this research to design a novel technique with enhanced security and privacy features for sharing and accessing information.
Health‐related quality of life and mild behavioral impairment in older adults without dementia
Authors: Tsai Chia‐Fen , Huang Mao‐Hsuan , Lin Yung‐Shuan , Chen Chun‐Yu , Fuh Jong‐Ling 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe Mild Behavioral Impairment Checklist (MBI‐C) was developed to assess neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) and to identify mild behavioral impairment (MBI). This study validated the Taiwanese version of the MBI‐C and examined its association of health‐related quality of life (HR‐QoL).MethodsWe recruited 242 older individuals without dementia (129 amnestic mild cognitive impairment, 113 cognitively normal). Their family completed the MBI‐C, the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI‐Q), and instrumental activities of daily living scale. Participants completed the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS‐15), the Mini‐Mental State Examination, the 12‐item word recall test, the category verbal fluency test and the EuroQol 5 dimensions questionnaire (EQ‐5D). Cronbach's α was used to evaluate the internal consistency of the MBI‐C. Linear regression models were used to examined the association between MBI‐C score and HR‐QoL assessed using ED‐5D.ResultsThe prevalence of MBI was 12% of all participants. Cronbach's α of the MBI‐C was 0.893. The optimal cut‐off point of MBI‐C was 7.5 for identifying MBI, with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 85%. The MBI‐C total score (β = −0.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.02 to −0.01, p < 0.001), MBI‐C subdomain of decreased motivation (β = −0.04, 95% CI = −0.05 to −0.02, p < 0.001) and emotional dysregulation (β = −0.02, 95% CI = −0.04 to −0.004, p = 0.01) were factors related to EQ‐5D index scores.ConclusionAmong older adults without dementia, the Taiwanese version of the MBI‐C has good reliability and validity for detecting MBI. The total and subdomains of MBI‐C were associated with decreased HR‐QoL among individuals without dementia.
An incidental finding of large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor in an orchidectomy specimen for a separate adenomatoid tumor
Authors: Crone Lauren , Prendergast Sophie C , Mayer Nick , O'Brien Frank 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionLarge cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumors are exceedingly rare. They are most commonly benign, but risks for malignancy include older age, larger size of tumor, and solitary tumors. To the author's knowledge, this is the first case reported of an incidental large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor when an orchidectomy was performed for a separate lesion.Case presentationA 31‐year‐old male presented with a painless testicular lump. Ultrasound demonstrated an exophytic lesion in the superolateral aspect and calcifications were noted inferomedially and inferolaterally in the right testis. On histology from radical orchidectomy, the superolateral lesion was found to be an adenomatoid tumor, and the calcifications inferiorly represented a large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor. The background showed foci of germ cell neoplasia in situ but no evidence of invasive malignancy.ConclusionCalcifications on ultrasound in isolation may represent large cell calcifying Sertoli Cell tumors.
Mitochondrial protein and organelle quality control—Lessons from budding yeast
Authors: Yang Emily Jie‐Ning , Liao Pin‐Chao , Pon Liza 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMitochondria are essential for normal cellular function and have emerged as key aging determinants. Indeed, defects in mitochondrial function have been linked to cardiovascular, skeletal muscle and neurodegenerative diseases, premature aging, and age‐linked diseases. Here, we describe mechanisms for mitochondrial protein and organelle quality control. These surveillance mechanisms mediate repair or degradation of damaged or mistargeted mitochondrial proteins, segregate mitochondria based on their functional state during asymmetric cell division, and modulate cellular fitness, the response to stress, and lifespan control in yeast and other eukaryotes.