bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature acclimation of leaf dark respiration inCorylus avellana: the role of relative growth rate
Authors: Grisafi Francesca , Tombesi Sergio 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRelative growth rate (RGR) is a standardized measure of growth that accounts for the difference in initial organ size. Relative growth rate sets the sink strength potential that, in combination with dark respiration (Rd), determines the carbon need of organs. Total Rd is the sum of maintenance respiration and growth respiration (Rg). The first provides energy for the maintenance of the existing cell structures, while the latter provides energy for growth. Dark respiration is mainly driven by temperature, but it varies during the season according to temperature acclimation and organ growth. Temperature acclimation is defined as the variation of Rd following the exposure to short or long periods of different temperatures. Temperature strongly affects growth and drives the Rg component of Rd. We hypothesized that RGR has a fundamental role in Rd variation during the season. The aims of the study were to determine the following: (i) if there was a variation of leaf Rd over the season and if such variation could be due to acclimation and/or RGR; (ii) the type of acclimation (i.e., Type I or II) on fully expanded leaves and newly formed leaves; and finally, (iii) if acclimation or RGR should be included to model Rd variation over the season. Leaf Rd was measured in field-grown plants from bud break to summer. Different cohorts of leaves were used to test the effect of exposure to different temperature regimes during leaf formation. The only case of acclimation was found in fully expanded leaves. It was an acclimation of Type II. Under field conditions, acclimation of filbert leaves, Rd to temperature was limited since most of the Rd variation during the season was explained by RGR. Our work suggests that RGR is a fundamental parameter that should be included in addition to temperature to model seasonal Rd pattern.
Carbon use strategies in shoot and acorn growth of two evergreen broadleaf trees unraveled by seasonal carbohydrate measurements and carbon isotope analysis
Authors: Han Qingmin , Kabeya Daisuke , Inagaki Yoshiyuki , Kawasaki Tatsuro , Satake Akiko 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWoody species have evolved carbon (C) storage processes that meet needs for reserves associated with asynchronies between C supply and demand. However, our understanding of storage dynamics is still elusive in mature trees, especially when reproduction is involved. Integrated analyses of isotope ratios, concentrations and biomass may enhance understanding of stored C fractions’ dynamics and roles. Thus, we monitored starch and soluble sugars (SSs), C isotope ratios and biomass, in leaves, twigs and reproductive organs of two mature evergreen broadleaf trees, Quercus glauca Thumb. and Lithocarpus edulis Nakai, for 2 years. During the growing season, no starch was observed in twigs, while constant starch levels were observed in leaves. Increase in SSs for winter hardening was earlier in L. edulis than in Q. glauca, in line with L. edulis acorns’ earlier ripening. Decrease in SSs and increase in starch occurred simultaneously in the next spring. In addition, sucrose accounted for &lt;10% of total SSs in leaves of both species, whereas mannose accounted for up to 75% in Q. glauca and myo-inositol up to 23% in L. edulis, indicating species-specific sugar composition. These results indicate that seasonal variation of SSs fraction was more reflective of climatic change and nonstructural carbohydrate storage was less influenced by reproduction. No starch was detected in acorn organs of either Q. glauca or L. edulis except in ripening seeds. The biomass of ripe acorns was 1.7- and 6.4-fold greater than that of current-year twigs in Q. glauca and L. edulis, respectively. Bulk twigs and reproductive organs were ca 1.0‰ 13C enriched relative to bulk leaves, which was lower than in deciduous trees. These results indicate that a new photo-assimilate is the predominant C source for reproductive growth. These findings provide new insights into the dynamics of C storage in relation to reproduction in evergreen broadleaf trees.
Through the normative prism: a critical appraisal of the PICC’s provisions on anticipatory non-performance
Authors: Mohamed Hassan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The position of the Unidroit Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) as a potential unifying influence and resource within the global competitive market for law is indelibly linked to the justifiability and desirability of the black letter rules embodied in the instrument. This article critically analyses the PICC’s provisions on anticipatory non-performance using two common law-oriented normative paradigms: economic efficiency and relational norms. It argues that the PICC’s remedial scheme for anticipatory non-performance satisfies the normative prescriptions of economic analysis of law in that the self-help measures available represent majoritarian default rules and facilitate early mitigation of loss, thereby maximizing the parties’ net exchange surplus. Furthermore, the article contends that the PICC’s remedial scheme is sensitive to the relational nature of commercial contracts such that it fosters the parties’ commitment, communication, cooperation, and trust, which are vital values in developing and maintaining relational assets.
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Global Cognitive Functioning and Ability in Daily Life Activities in Post-stroke Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lyu Zecai , Liu Fang , Xiu Huoqin , Tu Shuzhen , Lin Ruhui 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective
To determine the efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on global cognition and ability in daily life activities (ADL) of patients with Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI).

Design
Nine electronic databases were searched from their respective inceptions through Jan 2022. We included the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that used tDCS for PSCI and included at least one global cognitive function or ADL outcome indicators. Two reviewers appraised the risks of bias through the Cochrane Collaboration's tool and performed the meta-analysis. We followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines.

Results
Twenty-two studies (1198 participants) were included. Most studies had no significant bias in the quality of the methodology. Meta-analyses found that compared with the control group, tDCS increased Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), Mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Loewenstein occupational therapy cognitive assessment (LOTCA), total effective rate of cognition, modified Barthel index (MBI) and decreased P300 latency (all P < 0.05). These results showed tDCS can improve cognitive function and ADL in PSCI.

Conclusion
The tDCS may have a significant rehabilitation effect on global cognitive functioning and ADL of patients with PSCI.
DEVELOPMENT OF SCORE SYSTEM BASED ON POINT-OF-CARE ULTRASOUND TO PREDICT VASOPRESSOR REQUIREMENT FOR EMERGENCY PATIENTS WITH CARDIOPULMONARY SYMPTOMS
Authors: Kim Hayoung , Kim Ki Hong , Park Yun Seong , Kim Jin Hee , Choi Yun Ang , Park Joong Wan , Lee Yong Hee , Jung Jae Yun 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives: Patients with cardiopulmonary symptoms admitted to the emergency department (ED) have high mortality and intensive care unit admission rates. We developed a new scoring system comprising concise triage information, point-of-care ultrasound, and lactate levels to predict vasopressor requirements. Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary academic hospital. Patients with cardiopulmonary symptoms who visited the ED and underwent point-of-care ultrasound between January 2018 and December 2021 were enrolled. The influence of demographic and clinical findings on the requirement for vasopressor support within 24 h of ED admission was investigated. A new scoring system was developed using key components after stepwise multivariable logistic regression analysis. Prediction performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). Results: A total of 2,057 patients were analyzed. A stepwise multivariable logistic regression model showed high predictive performance in the validation cohort (AUC, 0.87). Eight key components were selected: hypotension, chief complaint, and fever at ED admission, and way of ED visit, systolic dysfunction, regional wall motion abnormalities, inferior vena cava status, and serum lactate level. The scoring system was developed based on the β coefficients of each component: accuracy, 0.8079; sensitivity, 0.8057; specificity, 0.8214; PPV, 0.9658; and NPV, 0.4035, with a cutoff value according to the Youden index. Conclusions: A new scoring system was developed to predict vasopressor requirements in adult ED patients with cardiopulmonary symptoms. This system can serve as a decision-support tool to guide efficient assignment of emergency medical resources.
Impact of intensive care-related factors on outcome in stroke patients, results from the population-based Brest Stroke Registry: an observational study
Authors: Ariès Philippe , Bailly Pierre , Baudic Thibaut , Garrec Fanny Le , Consigny Maëlys , L’Her Erwan , Timsit Serge , Huet Olivier 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known on the burden of ICU care for stroke patients. The aim of this study was to provide a description of management strategies, resource use, complications and their association with prognosis of stroke patients admitted to ICU.MethodsUsing a population-based stroke registry, we analyzed consecutive stroke patients admitted to 3 ICU with at least one organ failure between 2008 and 2017. The study period was divided into two periods corresponding to the arrival of mechanical reperfusion technique.Predictors of ICU mortality were separately assessed in two multivariable logistic regression models, a “clinical model” and an “intervention model”. The same analysis was performed for predictors of functional status at hospital discharge.Results215 patients were included. Stroke etiology was ischemia in 109 patients (50.7%) and hemorrhage in 106 patients (49.3%). Median NIHSS score was 20.0 (9.0; 40.0). The most common reason for ICU admission was coma (41.2%) followed by acute circulatory failure (41%) and respiratory failure (27.4%). 112 patients (52%) died in the ICU and 20 patients (11.2%) had a good functional outcome (mRS≤3) at hospital discharge.In the “clinical model,” factors independently associated with ICU mortality were: age (OR = 1.03 [95%CI, 1.0 to 1.06];p=0.04) and intracranial hypertension (OR = 6.89 [95%CI, 3.55 to 13.38];p<0.0001). In the “intervention model,” the need for invasive mechanical ventilation (OR = 7.39 [95%CI, 1.93 to 28.23];p=0.004), the need for vasopressor therapy (OR = 3.36 [95%CI, 1.5 to 7.53];p=0.003) and decision of withholding life support treatments (OR = 19.24 [95%CI, 7.6 to 48.65];p<0.0001) were associated with bad outcome.ConclusionOur study showed the very poor prognosis of acute stroke patients admitted to ICU. These results also suggest that the clinical evolution of these patients during ICU hospitalization may provide important information for prognostication.
Accuracy of Expired BinaxNOW Rapid Antigen Tests
Authors: Vaeth Mary Jane E. , Abdullah Omar , Cheema Minahil , Sun Kristie , Elhabashy Maryam , Mitchell Asia , Foyez Maisha , Talla Mahita , Cheema Aamna , Locke Charles , Kantsiper Melinda , Pekosz Andrew , Mostafa Heba H. , Siddiqui Zishan K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe widespread existence of expired antigen testing kits in households and potential coronavirus outbreaks necessitate evaluating the reliability of these expired kits. Our study examined BinaxNOW COVID-19 rapid antigen tests 27 months post-manufacture and 5 months past their FDA extended expiration dates, using SARS-CoV-2 variant XBB.1.5 viral stock. We conducted testing at two concentrations: the Limit of Detection (LoD) and 10 times the LoD. 100 expired and unexpired kits were tested at each concentration for a total of 400 antigen tests. At the LoD (2.32x10^2 TCID50/mL), both expired and unexpired tests displayed 100% sensitivity (95% CI 96.38% to 100%), with no statistical difference (95% CI -3.92% to 3.92%). Similarly, at 10 times the LoD, unexpired tests retained 100% sensitivity (95% CI 96.38% to 100%), while expired tests exhibited 99% sensitivity (95% CI 94.61% to 99.99%), demonstrating a statistically insignificant 1% difference (95% CI -2.49% to 4.49%, p=0.56). Expired rapid antigen tests had fainter lines than the unexpired tests at each viral concentration. The expired rapid antigens tests at LoD were only just visible. These findings carry significant implications for waste management, cost efficiency, and supply chain resilience in pandemic readiness efforts. They also provide critical insights for formulating clinical guidelines for interpreting results from expired kits. In light of expert warnings of a potential outbreak of a severity rivaling the Omicron variant, our study underscores the importance of maximizing the utility of expired antigen testing kits in managing future health emergencies.
Combining rare and common genetic variants improves population risk stratification for breast cancer
Authors: Bolze Alexandre , Kiser Daniel , Schiabor Barrett Kelly M. , Elhanan Gai , Schnell Blitstein Jamie M. , Neveux Iva , Dabe Shaun , Reed Harry , Anderson Alexa , Metcalf William J. , Orlova Ekaterina , Thibodeau Ildiko , Telis Natalie , Jiang Ruomu , Washington Nicole L. , Ferber Matthew J. , Hajek Catherine , Cirulli Elizabeth T. , Grzymski Joseph J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeIn the United States, breast cancer clinical risk assessments are inconsistent and inequitable. The previous success ofBRCA1andBRCA2screening has demonstrated that genetics could be used to reduce these inequities, if they are available and accessible across the population. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of different genetic screening approaches to identify women at high-risk of breast cancer in the general population.MethodsWe did a retrospective study on 25,591 women participating in the Healthy Nevada Project. Electronic Health Records (EHR) data were used to identify women with a family history of, and women who were diagnosed with breast cancer. The genetic analysis assessed the role of rare predicted loss-of-function (pLOF) variants inBRCA1,BRCA2,PALB2,ATMandCHEK2, as well as the combined role of common variants via a polygenic risk score. Women were considered at high-risk of breast cancer if they had greater than 20% probability of being diagnosed with breast cancer by age 70.ResultsFamily history of breast cancer (FHx-BrCa) was ascertained on or after the record of breast cancer for 78% of women with both, indicating that this method for risk assessment is not being properly utilized for early screening. Genetics offered an alternative method for risk assessment. 11.4% of women in HNP were at high-risk of breast cancer based on their genetic risk: having a pLOF variant inBRCA1,BRCA2orPALB2(hazard ratio = 10.4, 95% confidence interval: 8.1-13.5), or a pLOF variant inATMorCHEK2(HR = 3.4, CI: 2.4-4.8), or being in the top 10% of the polygenic risk score distribution (HR = 2.4, CI: 2.0-2.8). We also showed that combining PRS with pLOF inATMandCHEK2allowed a better identification of participants with high risk while minimizing false positives. Women with a pLOF inATMorCHEK2and in the top 50% of the PRS are at high risk (39.2% probability of breast cancer at age 70), while those with a pLOF inATMorCHEK2and in the bottom 50% of the PRS are not at high risk (14.4% probability of breast cancer at age 70).ConclusionThese results suggest that a combined monogenic and polygenic approach may best capture the inherited risk for breast cancer across the population.
Creation of data-driven low-order predictive cardiac excitation models at the tissue scale in augmented state space⋆
Authors: Kabus Desmond , De Coster Tim , de Vries Antoine A.F. , Pijnappels Daniël A. , Dierckx Hans 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTThe quick and easy creation of fast in-silico models of excitable media is, for instance, needed for patient-specific predictions in diagnostics and decision making in cardiac electrophysiology. We here present a model creation pipeline that not only generates new models quickly, but also only requires data from one easily measurable spatio-temporal variable. These data may, for instance, be an optical voltage mapping recording of the electrical waves in cardiac muscle tissue controlling the heart beat. We use exponential moving averages and compute standard deviations to extract additional states from this one variable to span a sparse discretised state space. The standard deviation in a neighbourhood can be used as a proxy for the gradient. To this augmented state space, we fit a simple polynomial model to predict the evolution of this one state variable. For optical voltage mapping data of human atrial myocyte monolayers electrically stimulated by stochastic burst pacing, the data-driven model is able to describe the excitation and recovery of the system, as well as wave propagation. The data-driven model is also able to predict spiral waves only based on data from focal waves. In contrast to conventional models, with our model creation pipeline new models can be generated in a matter of hours from experiment to fitting, rather than months or years.HighlightsModels of excitation waves can be created in minutes from experiment to fitting.One variable in space and time is sufficient to create a working excitation model.A polynomial can predict excitation waves based on useful extracted features.Spiral waves in heart muscle tissue can be predicted from focal wave data.Graphical Abstract
Subtype-specific circadian clock dysregulation modulates breast cancer biology, invasiveness, and prognosis
Authors: Hammarlund Jan A , Li Shi-Yang , Wu Gang , Lian Jia-wen , Howell Sacha J , Clarke Rob , Adamson Antony , Gonçalves Cátia F. , Hogenesch John B , Meng Qing-Jun , Anafi Ron C 
Published: May 2023

SummaryStudies in shift workers and model organisms link circadian disruption to breast cancer. However, molecular rhythms in non-cancerous and cancerous human breast tissues are largely unknown. We reconstructed rhythms informatically, integrating locally collected, time-stamped biopsies with public datasets. For non-cancerous tissue, the inferred order of core-circadian genes matches established physiology. Inflammatory, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and estrogen responsiveness pathways show circadian modulation. Among tumors, clock correlation analysis demonstrates subtype-specific changes in circadian organization. Luminal A organoids and informatic ordering of Luminal A samples exhibit continued, albeit disrupted rhythms. However, CYCLOPS magnitude, a measure of global rhythm strength, varied widely among Luminal A samples. Cycling of EMT pathway genes was markedly increased in high-magnitude Luminal A tumors. Patients with high-magnitude tumors had reduced 5-year survival. Correspondingly, 3D Luminal A cultures show reduced invasion following molecular clock disruption. This study links subtype-specific circadian disruption in breast cancer to EMT, metastatic potential, and prognosis.
Engineering 3D neuronal networks with directional endogenous neuronal plasticity pathways
Authors: Pagan-Diaz Gelson J , Kilacarslan Evin , Wester Matthew , Rahman Saeedur , Aydin Onur , Gapinske Lauren , Kim Yongdeok , Buoros Daniel , Taher M Saif A , Bashir Rashid 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe forward engineering of the structure and function of three-dimensional millimeter to centimeter scale living Neuronal Tissue Mimics (NTMs) can advance many engineering and biomedical applications. While hydrogels and 3D printing have achieved major breakthroughs in the development of cm-scale neural tissues that mimic structural morphologies in native neural networks, controlling and programming the resulting function of these NTMs have remained elusive. In this work, using human embryonic stem cell derived optogenetic neurons, we report the in-situ formation of the NTMs on a 2-dimensional micro electrode array with an intimate electrical contact between the electrodes and the tissue. These NTMs were optimized during the differentiation phase of the cells to enrich for neuronal populations that expressed receptors responsible for activating spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP). Using an optical stimulation regiment with millisecond temporal and micrometer spatial resolution, we were able to program the otherwise omnidirectional spontaneous firing in the NTMs to demonstrate directional firing across different shapes of the NTMs. Our work can pave the way for developing cellular based computational devices, bio-processors, and biological memories.
Analysis of the Confidence in the Prediction of the Protein Folding by Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Tejera-Nevado Paloma , Serrano Emilio , González-Herrero Ana , Bermejo-Moreno Rodrigo , Rodríguez-González Alejandro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe determination of protein structure has been facilitated using deep learning models, which can predict protein folding from protein sequences. In some cases, the predicted structure can be compared to the already-known distribution if there is information from classic methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, or electron microscopy (EM). However, challenges arise when the proteins are not abundant, their structure is heterogeneous, and protein sample preparation is difficult. To determine the level of confidence that supports the prediction, different metrics are provided. These values are important in two ways: they offer information about the strength of the result and can supply an overall picture of the structure when different models are combined. This work provides an overview of the different deep-learning methods used to predict protein folding and the metrics that support their outputs. The confidence of the model is evaluated in detail using two proteins that contain four domains of unknown function.
Genome-wide association and environmental suppression of the mortal germline phenotype of wildC. elegans
Authors: Frézal Lise , Saglio Marie , Zhang Gaotian , Noble Luke , Richaud Aurélien , Félix Marie-Anne 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe animal germline lineage needs to be maintained along generations. However, someCaenorhabditis eleganswild isolates display a mortal germline phenotype, whereby the lineage becomes sterile after several generations at 25°C. We used a genome-wide association approach to study the genetic basis for this phenotype inC. eleganspopulations. We detected a significant peak on chromosome III around 5 Mb, which was confirmed using introgression lines. These results indicate that a seemingly deleterious genotype is maintained at intermediate frequency in the species. Environmental rescue is a likely explanation and we indeed find that naturally associated bacteria and microsporidia suppressed the phenotype. The tested bacteria also suppressed the temperature-sensitive mortal germline phenotype of mutants in small RNA inheritance (nrde-2) and histone modifications (set-2). EvenEscherichia colistrains of the K-12 lineage suppressed the phenotype compared to B strains. By shifting a strain cultured onE. coliK-12 back toE. coliB, we found thatC. eleganscan keep over several generations the memory of the suppressing conditions. Thus, the mortal germline phenotype of wildC. elegansis lin part revealed by laboratory conditions and may represent variation in epigenetic inheritance and environmental interactions. This study also points to the importance of non-genetic memory in the face of environmental variation.