bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tanggungjawab Hukum Direksi Atas Kelalain Perusahaan Yang Mengakibatkan Kebakaran Hutan Di Wilayah Perkebunan (Studi Kasus PT Wana Subur Sawit Indah)
Authors: Fahlevi Muhammad Reza Syah , Saputra Rahmat , Syahruddin Erwin 
Published: February 2025

Hutan merupakan sumber penghidupan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat kini semakin langka. Akibat alih fungsi hutan menjadi perkebunan, luas hutan terus berkurang dari tahun ke tahun. Kebanyakan pelaku kebakaran hutan adalah perusahaan/ korporasi yang membuka lahan untuk memperluas area perkebunannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertanggung jawaban pidana direksi atas kelalaian perusahaan yang mengakibatkan kebakaran hutan dan pertimbangan hukum hakim mengesampingkan pertanggungjawaban direksi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yuridis normatif. Pendekatan yang digunakan melalui perundang – undangan, kasus dan konseptual. Metode pengumpulan data melalui studi dokumen. Analisis data menggunakan analisis kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini bahwa Pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi dibidang lingkungan hidup dikenakan kepada badan hukum dan pengurusnya (direktur, manager, pemegang saham dan komisaris) secara bersama – sama apabila kegiatan usaha korporasi menimbulkan kerusakan lingkungan hidup dan pertimbangan hukum hakim mengesampingkan pertanggungjawaban direksi dikarenakan tidak terbuktinya kesalahan direksi, untuk itu pertanggungjawaban pidana dibebankan kepada korporasi.
Temperature and Vibration Monitoring System on Electric Motors From Wireless Remote Control Using Blynk App
Authors: Dwi Santoso Agus , Eka Mahendra Dani , Dirhamsyah Dirhamsyah 
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this research is to create a device that can track the temperature and vibration of an electric motor. It has two sensors: a thermocouple sensor and a piezoelectric sensor. When the electric motor is operating, the device displays digital data in the form of numbers on the monitor screen wirelessly. This research shows that the electric motor can be effectively monitored remotely. The Blynk app can connect with the unit within 0-200 meters without any obstacles. However, if the unit is blocked by a barrier, the distance that can be covered by the Blynk application is 0-160 meters. The test results show that the average electric motor temperature measured is 31.7°C, and the percentage of error value obtained is -1.01%.
Effect of Heat Treatment and 1,5% Magnesium Addition on Density, Hardness, and Tensile Strength of Al-Cu-Mg Alloys
Authors: Junipitoyo Bambang , Said Djamaaludin , Dwiyanto Dwiyanto 
Published: February 2025

This research focuses on adding aluminum 1100 combinations by adding magnesium (Mg) as much as 1.5% and varying the percentage of copper (Cu). 3.9%, 4.1%, 4.3%/ with heat treatment at temperatures of 1000C, 2000C, 3000C, and 4000C with a holding time at each temperature of 120 minutes, then tested the aluminum combination's density, Vickers hardness, and tensile strength. The final results of this study showed that in the density test, the highest density value obtained was 4.24 gr/cm3 in a mixture of 1.5% magnesium and 4.3% copper (Cu) with a temperature of 2000C. In the Vickers hardness test, the highest hardness value was 83.9 HVN in a mixture of 1.5% magnesium and 4.3% copper with a temperature of 4000C. The final result of the research conducted was to obtain the tensile strength results of each specimen by obtaining the maximum tensile strength of the 4.1% Cu mixture specimen with a temperature of 4000C of 163.2698 Mpa and the highest strain value in the 4.3% Cu mixture specimen with a temperature of 4000C of 0.0472 %, for the results of the lowest elastic modulus value in the 4.3% Cu mixture specimen with a temperature of 2000C of 3147.319 Mpa and the highest value of the 4.1 % Cu mixture specimen with a temperature of 4000C of 5947.898 Mpa.
The mountain papaya may be a possible reservoir of the Kashmir bee virus
Authors: Faúndez-Acuña Jorge Y. , Verdugo Diego , Vergara David , Olivares Gerardo , Ballesteros Gabriel I. , Quiroz Karla , Villarroel Carlos A. , González Gloria 
Published: February 2025

Background
The Kashmir bee virus (KBV) infects many species of Hymenoptera, including bees, wasps, and other pollinators, potentially contributing to honeybee population declines. KBV can cause death of bees. KBV can infect through both vertical transmission (from queen to larvae and vice versa) and horizontal transmission (via food contamination). Plants pollinated by bees may be a source of horizontal transmission, through fecal contamination of pollen and flowers by infected pollinators, both intra- and interspecifically. Pollinated plants constitute a source of KBV intra- and inter-species horizontal transmission, particularly by the contamination of pollen and flowers by feces of KBV-infected pollinators.

Result
We test for the presence of KBV sequences in the transcriptomes of Vasconcellea pubescens, a commercially valuable plant species known as mountain papaya. We mapped transcriptomes from fruit, leaves, and root tissues to the KBV reference genome with 91% coverage, from which we produced a consensus sequence denominated Kashmir bee virus ch. phylogenetic analysis revealed that KBV-Ch shares 97% nucleotide identity with the reference genome, and groups with other KBV strains isolated from Spain, Chile and New Zealand.
Isolation, Purification and Characterization of Cellulose-degrading Bacteria from Soil in Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Shrivastava Ayushi , Dash Diptimayee 
Published: February 2025

Waste mainly contains cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose and among them cellulose is the most abundant organic polymer on earth, playing a vital role in the structural integrity of plant cells. They are structurally difficult to break which result in their accumulation affecting environment. Biological method involving certain microorganisms, notably cellulose-degrading bacteria is considered as a sustainable method to combat such problems. In this current research work, isolation and characterization of cellulose-degrading bacteria was carried out to evaluate their cellulose-degrading efficiency. Isolation was carried out from dump area and forest soil using CMC agar media plating. Cellulase degrading ability was screened on the basis of halo zone formation by isolates which was performed using Congo red and NaCl solution as staining agent in CMC plate. Out of all, 4 potential isolates were screened and their hydrolytic capacity ranged from 1.2-2.0. Bacterial characterization was done by following Bergey’s manual of determination. All the isolates were found negative for citrate test whereas they had mixed result for other biochemical characters. Isolate GNR-1 and S-17 showed gram positive reaction whereas isolate S-15 and SG-1 showed negative gram reaction. Isolate; GNR-1 & S-17 were found positive reaction for catalase assay. Their morphological study was also carried out that shows variations among all the isolates. The applications of these bacteria in waste management are quite useful, highlighting their potential for improving sustainability.
Low‐dose vaginal misoprostol for induction of labor with a live fetus
Authors: Bugalho A. , Bique C. , Machungo F. , Faúndes A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To test the effectiveness and safety of low‐dose vaginal misoprostol for induction of labor with a live fetus. Methods: Labor was induced in 666 pregnant women with a live fetus in the cephalic position, who had no medical complications and no history of uterine surgery. One‐fourth of a 200‐μg tablet of misoprostol (50 μg) was placed in the posterior vaginal fornix every 12 h for a maximum of four doses or until active labor commenced. Time from induction to delivery, side effects and neonatal outcome were evaluated. Results: Labor was successfully induced in all cases. The mean time from induction to delivery was 10.4 h. The cesarean section rate was 7.8%. There were eight perinatal deaths, six of which occurred in low birth weight fetuses. There was one case of abruptio placenta, which was less than that expected in the study population. Conclusion: Vaginal misoprostol, in very low doses, was a remarkably efficient and safe method for induction of labor with a live fetus.
Sexual differences in moult–breeding overlap and female reproductive costs in pied flycatchers, Ficedula hypoleuca
Authors: Hemborg Christer. 
Published: July 2002

1. In this study I show that a sexual difference in timing of the post‐nuptial moult frequently occurs in a sub‐arctic population of the pied flycatcher. 2. Most pairs started to moult after fledging of their young, but an overlap between moult and nestling feeding was more common among males than females. This sexual difference in moult–breeding overlap increased as the season progressed. 3. Females with moult–breeding overlap laid smaller clutches than non‐moulting females. In addition to many other factors explaining the seasonal decline in clutch size that has been found for many bird species, it is possible that females adjust their clutch size according to their own risk of having to start moulting while still feeding the nestlings. 4. Nearly 24% of the females were deserted by their mate before the young fledged. Desertion imposed no fitness costs to males in terms of fledgling number or quality, suggesting that their females managed to adjust their care for the loss of male care. 5. Deserted females started moulting later than aided females, which may be a result of their increased reproductive investment. 6. Deserted females and females aided by moulting males had lower survival rate than females aided by non‐moulting males. 7. These findings suggests that delayed moult may be one mechanism causing inter‐annual reproductive costs in birds, and the relationship between a sexual difference in timing of moult and its fitness consequences may be widespread among passerine birds.
The effect of rainfall on the survivorship and establishment of a biocontrol agent
Authors: Norris R.J. , Memmott J. , Lovell D.J. 
Published: July 2002

Summary

The weather is believed to affect the establishment of insect biological control agents in the field, in particular heavy rainfall immediately after release, but few studies have quantified this impact.
A rain simulator was used to quantify the effect of rainfall duration and intensity on the post‐release survivorship of a gorse biological control agent, the thrips Sericothripsstaphylinus. This information was then used to predict the effect of rainfall on the establishment of thrips in the field.
Rainfall significantly decreased the numbers of thrips remaining on the plants, but significantly increased the numbers of thrips found dead and missing. As rain duration increased, the numbers of thrips remaining on the plants decreased. However, the relationship was not linear: the majority of thrips were washed off the plants within 30 min of the 120‐min experiment.
Thrips survivorship was significantly affected by rainfall intensity (moderate, heavy and violent rainfall). Increasing rainfall intensity caused a significant decrease in the numbers of thrips remaining on the plants and significant increases in the numbers missing or found dead.
The relationship between rainfall, thrips release size and their probability of establishment was determined by combining published data on their probability of establishment with the results of our experiments. Rainfall is likely to change the relationship between the release size and the probability of establishment.
We advocate that biological control practitioners should be cognisant of weather conditions prior to any release. Control agents at risk from rain might be released in protective cages, while smaller sequential releases might be preferable to single large releases if adverse conditions are likely. This study demonstrates the value of controlled environments in understanding the effects of weather on biocontrol, and for invasion ecology more generally.
Children at play: The death and injury pattern in New South Wales, Australia, July 1990 – June 1994
Authors: Ross LT LAM, FI , Cass DT 
Published: July 2002

Objectives: To describe and to understand the pattern of play‐related deaths and injury (excluding organized sports) among children in New South Wales (NSW), Australia.Methodology: This study utilized a state‐wide prospective surveillance data collection of paediatric traumatic deaths and injuries at the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children. Deaths and injury cases were selected from the NSW Trauma Death Registry and Childsafe NSW database. Information including basic demographics, the surrounding circumstances of death and injury incidents, and the required treatment was collected.Results: There were 30 play‐related deaths and 92 drownings over the 4‐year period. The male to female ratio was about 2:1. Excluding drowning, which has been reported elsewhere, and sports, the leading causes of play‐related deaths were burns (eight) and asphyxiation (eight). An average of 6444 presentations to the emergency departments per year were recorded with sex ratio and age distribution pattern similar to the deaths. The home was the most common place (55.5%) of play‐related injury, specifically the living and sleeping area. Falls, both under and above 1 metre, were the most common causes of injury (50.9%). The leading mechanism was cuts and lacerations (21.2%). Nearly one‐third (32.7%) of all injuries were to the head, with face, cheek, forehead and scalp as the most common injured body part. Significant associations between place of injury, injured body parts and age were observed.Conclusions: Play‐related injury is common among children, and in some cases causes severe injury and death. To tackle the problem of play‐related deaths and injuries, a holistic approach is suggested. This includes the provision of a safe environment, supervision by parents, education of children and detailed data collection.
Residual Type 1 Immunity in Patients Genetically Deficient for Interleukin 12 Receptor β1 (IL-12Rβ1)
Authors: Verhagen Claudia E. , de Boer Tjitske , Smits Hermelijn H. , Verreck Frank A.W. , Wierenga Eddy A. , Kurimoto M. , Lammas D. Anthony , Kumararatne Dinakanthe S. , Sanal Ozden , Kroon Frank P. , van Dissel Jaap T. , Sinigaglia Francesco , Ottenhoff Tom H.M. 
Published: July 2002

Genetic lack of interleukin 12 receptor β1 (IL-12Rβ1) surface expression predisposes to severe infections by poorly pathogenic mycobacteria or Salmonella and causes strongly decreased, but not completely abrogated, interferon (IFN)-γ production. To study IL-12Rβ1–independent residual IFN-γ production, we have generated mycobacterium–specific T cell clones (TCCs) from IL-12Rβ1–deficient individuals. All TCCs displayed a T helper type 1 phenotype and the majority responded to IL-12 by increased IFN-γ production and proliferative responses upon activation. This response to IL-12 could be further augmented by exogenous IL-18. IL-12Rβ2 was found to be normally expressed in the absence of IL-12Rβ1, and could be upregulated by IFN-α. Expression of IL-12Rβ2 alone, however, was insufficient to induce signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)4 activation in response to IL-12, whereas IFN-α/IFN-αR ligation resulted in Stat4 activation in both control and IL-12Rβ1–deficient cells. IL-12 failed to upregulate cell surface expression of IL-18R, integrin α6, and IL-12Rβ2 on IL-12Rβ1–deficient cells, whereas this was normal on control cells. IL-12–induced IFN-γ production in IL-12Rβ1–deficient T cells could be inhibited by the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP) kinase inhibitor SB203580 and the MAP kinase kinase (MEK) 1/2 inhibitor U0126, suggesting involvement of MAP kinases in this alternative, Stat4-independent, IL-12 signaling pathway.
Collectively, these results indicate that IL-12 acts as a partial agonist in the absence of IL-12Rβ1. Moreover, the results reveal the presence of a novel IL-12Rβ1/Stat4–independent pathway of IL-12 responsiveness in activated human T cells involving MAP kinases. This pathway is likely to play a role in the residual type 1 immunity in IL-12Rβ1 deficiency.
Stride‐to‐Stride Fluctuations of Human Gait Are Affected By Chronobiology: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Vaz João R. , Silva Luís M. , Stergiou Nick 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPhysiological processes present daily oscillations of ≈24 h, called circadian rhythms. Motor performance, for example, reaches its peak in the afternoon, although this can be affected by chronotype. Certain motor activities, for example, walking, can also be affected by circadian rhythms. Healthy walking exhibits stride‐to‐stride fluctuations with a fractal‐like structure that enables adaptability. While pathology and aging are shown to lead to random‐like fluctuations; and, therefore, decreased adaptability; the influence of circadian rhythms remains unknown. This study investigates how these fluctuations present in healthy gait are affected by the time of day and chronotype. Eighteen young adults walk for 10 min every 2 h, from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. Footswitches are used to determine heel‐strike and calculate stride time. Then, detrended fluctuation analysis is used to calculate fractal scaling. A mixed‐model Analysis of Variance is used and followed by a backward stepwise elimination process. Tukey's tests are used for pairwise comparisons. The statistical model shows the effect of time during the day (12 p.m. exhibits a higher fractal scaling compared to 8 a.m.); and chronotype (evening‐types exhibit higher fractal scaling compared to morning‐types). This study reveals the influence of chronobiology on stride‐to‐stride fluctuations. These findings open new perspectives to integrate circadian medicine in biomechanics.
Acetyl‐11‐keto‐β‐boswellic Acid Confers Protection in DSS‐Induced Colitis via the JNK–p38 MAPK and NF‐κB Signaling Pathways
Authors: Zhang Peng , Jiang Hua 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe present study aims to explore the effect and mechanism of acetyl‐11‐keto‐β‐boswellic acid (AKBA) on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The IBD‐mouse model is established by replacing normal water intake with 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) aqueous solution, and 50 mg kg−1 of AKBA treatment is administered. The experimental mice are randomly divided into four groups, including control, AKBA , DSS, and DSS + AKBA groups. AKBA therapy conspicuously ameliorates the adverse symptoms caused by DSS in mice and inhibits the reduction of colon length and the rise of disease activity index score. Hematoxylin–eosin staining results suggest that AKBA strikingly improves the pathological conditions of the colon and small intestine tissues in IBD mice. AKBA prominently inhibits the DSS‐induced increase of proinflammatory factor contents and the upregulation of the c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK)–p38/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) pathways’ protein levels in the colon tissues of IBD mice. AKBA alleviates DSS‐induced colonic inflammatory injury in IBD mice by repressing the activation of the JNK–p38/MAPK and NF‐κB pathways.
Bioengineering and Clinical Translation of Human Lung and its Components
Authors: Derman Irem Deniz , Singh Yogendra Pratap , Saini Shweta , Nagamine Momoka , Banerjee Dishary , Ozbolat Ibrahim T. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractClinical lung transplantation has rapidly established itself as the gold standard of treatment for end‐stage lung diseases in a restricted group of patients since the first successful lung transplant occurred. Although significant progress has been made in lung transplantation, there are still numerous obstacles on the path to clinical success. The development of bioartificial lung grafts using patient‐derived cells may serve as an alternative treatment modality; however, challenges include developing appropriate scaffold materials, advanced culture strategies for lung‐specific multiple cell populations, and fully matured constructs to ensure increased transplant lifetime following implantation. This review highlights the development of tissue‐engineered tracheal and lung equivalents over the past two decades, key problems in lung transplantation in a clinical environment, the advancements made in scaffolds, bioprinting technologies, bioreactors, organoids, and organ‐on‐a‐chip technologies. The review aims to fill the lacuna in existing literature toward a holistic bioartificial lung tissue, including trachea, capillaries, airways, bifurcating bronchioles, lung disease models, and their clinical translation. Herein, the efforts are on bridging the application of lung tissue engineering methods in a clinical environment as it is thought that tissue engineering holds enormous promise for overcoming the challenges associated with the clinical translation of bioengineered human lung and its components.
Creation of Assembled Plasmonic Network Architectures with Selective Capture of Guest Molecules in Hotspots Region
Authors: Sun Fuwei , Tian Li , He Guokang , Gao Ning , Zhao Hongwei , Liu Weigang , Liu Chao , An Qi , Wang Chen , Li Guangtao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPlasmonic networks attract increasing attention owing to their strong plasmon coupling effects at hotspot regions, where intriguing, collective optical behavior and field enhancement occur. Engineering network architectures with flexible control over density and intensity of hotspots, thus fine‐tuning electromagnetic field is the prerequisite for fully exploiting their potential use in diverse plasmon‐based applications, but it represents a great challenge. Herein, a cage‐assisted bottom‐up self‐assembly strategy is proposed to construct a series of cage‐bridged complex network architectures with a high degree of flexibility in hotspot modulation. Critical parameters associated with plasmonic networks, including interparticle distance, the density and intensity of hotspots, as well as molecule accessibility of hotspot can be simultaneously and flexibly adjusted at will. Importantly, the integration of host–guest chemistry of molecular cages into interparticle regions of networks endows selective molecule trapping capability in hotspots, offering tremendous opportunities for broader plasmon‐based applications. The present study not only develops efficient plasmonic networks with enhanced density of hotspots and intense electromagnetic fields, but also provides new avenues for artificially engineering network architectures with advanced functionalities and facilitates further applications in sensing and optoelectronics.
Investigation of CdSe and ZnSe as Potential Back Surface Field Layers for CdTe‐Based Solar Cells: A Study from First Principles Calculations
Authors: Ray Subhasmita , Tarafder Kartick 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA class of II–VI semiconductors, especially CdTe, is a highly photo‐reactive compound that would be suitable for photovoltaic applications. However, being a highly resistive material, CdTe produces considerable contact resistance and drastically reduces the efficiency of photovoltaic devices. Introducing a back surface field layer at the contact region may significantly improve the device's performance. This work investigates the suitability of using ZnSe and CdSe layer as a back‐surface‐field layer in CdTe‐based solar cells through accurate electronic structure calculations using the hybrid‐density functional theory method. The calculations show that both ZnSe/CdTe and CdSe/CdTe behave as type‐II heterojunctions with band gaps of 2.0 and 1.1 eV, respectively. The Mulliken electronegativity method is used to determine the correct band edge positions concerning the vacuum level for all the pristine semiconductors and their interfaces. Calculation shows that a significant charge redistribution in the interface leads to the formation of an effective local field near the contact region for both ZnSe/CdTe and CdSe/CdTe heterostructures. This local field may help to separate the photogenerated electron–hole pairs in the active layer by pushing the opposite charges into the two different sections of the heterojunction. Additionally, the heterojunctions also exhibit better light‐absorption characteristics in the visible light range.