bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
H-2 Restriction of the Activity of Allogeneic Effect Factor
Authors: Delovitch Terry L. , Sohn U. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The helper activity of allogeneic effect factors (AEF) derived from mixed lymphocyte culture reactions (MLR) between activated responder cells and either I-region, I-subregion, or Mls-region incompatible irradiated stimulator spleen cells was analyzed. An AEF generated across either an a) entire I-region, b) I-A, I-B and I-J, c) I-J or d) I-E and I-C subregion incompatibility helps B cells of only the stimulator haplotype, or of haplotypes which carry I-subregions selectively expressed by the stimulator cells and not the responder cells. An AEF generated across an Mls-region difference provides weak help for B cells only of haplotypes which share both an Mls and I-region identity with the stimulator haplotype. The observed lack of help for B cells of the responder haplotypes is not due to a suppressor factor activity in these H-2 restricted AEFs. These results are consistent with those obtained for another genetically restricted AEF produced by Ia negative activated responder cells and H-2 incompatible irradiated T-cell-depleted stimulator cells.
Mouse Natural Killer Cells: Induction Specificity, and Function
Authors: Welsh Raymond M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Attention has recently focused on the possible significance of natural killer (NK)2 lymphocytes in the surveillance of tumors by the immune system (1). This is because NK cells from several species preferentially lyse transformed target cells in vitro (2–5). NK lymphocytes from mouse and man have both been studied in detail, but the manipulability of the mouse model has allowed for the better resolution of NK cell properties. In this review I will restrict most of my comments to the mouse NK cell system. The properties of human NK cells have recently been reviewed elsewhere (6).
Characterization and tissue distribution. It is agreed that mouse NK cells are x-ray-resistant (7) lymphocytes lacking cell surface immunoglobulin (8, 9). They are thought to be derived from bone marrow since their activity is removed by depletion of bone marrow cells with anti-bone marrow antibody or with 89Strontium (7, 10).
Relation of the Urinary Cancer-Related Glycoprotein EDC1 to Plasma Inter-α -Trypsin Inhibitor
Authors: Chawla Rajender K. , Wadsworth Allan D. , Rudman Daniel 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Previous studies showed 30 to 60% of patients with disseminated neoplastic disease excrete in their urine 100 to 500 mg/day of a novel glycoprotein, m.w. 27,000, labeled EDC1. Normal urine contains &lt;1 mg/day. Both normal and cancer plasmas contain a large m.w. factor that cross-reacted with antiserum to EDC1.
Immunoelectrophoresis (IEP) of normal plasma versus rabbit antiserum to EDC1 shows one precipitin line that is of slower mobility than EDC1. Gel filtration of plasma on Sephadex G-150, and analysis of the effluent by double immunodiffusion (DID), IEP, and radioimmunoassay (RIA) with antiserum to EDC1, reveal that the plasma EDC1-immunoreactive component has a m.w. of about 150,000.
Among antisera to 45 purified plasma proteins, only that to inter-α trypsin inhibitor (IATI) m.w. 170,000, reacts with EDC1. This finding suggests that the large EDC1-immunoreactive component is IATI. This is confirmed by the following observations with purified IATI: EDC1 and IATI give a reaction of partial identity in DID versus anti-EDC1 and versus anti-IATI; IATI and plasma give a line of identity in DID versus anti-EDC1; IATI and the immunoreactive component in plasma have the same mobility in IEP versus anti-EDC1. Furthermore, EDC1 possesses an antiproteolytic property closely similar to that of IATI (both proteins inhibit trypsin and chymotrypsin but not plasmin, pepsin, elastase, or exopeptidases).
We conclude that cancer-related urinary glycoprotein EDC1 is related antigenically and chemically to IATI and may be a cleavage product of the latter.
Characterization of Immune Complexes in Serum by Adsorption on Staphylococcal Protein A: Model Studies and Application to Sera of Rats Bearing a Gross Virus-Induced Lymphoma
Authors: Tucker Derek F. , Begent Richard H. J. , Hogg Nancy M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A procedure to isolate soluble IgG-containing immune complexes from serum was developed, which combined Sephadex G-150 filtration with affinity chromatography on Staphylococcal protein A-Sepharose. The effectiveness of the method was shown by isolating model immune complexes of 125I bovine plasma albumin (BPA) and antibody to BPA from serum. Functionally intact antibody and antigen were recovered from these complexes by chromatography on Sephadex G-150 at low pH and the degree of purification was demonstrated by NaDod.SO4 polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and autoradiography of the immune complexes and their components.
Application of these methods to a Gross virus-induced rat lymphoma model tested their potential for characterizing naturally occurring circulating immune complexes (CIC). Sera from these animals were shown by Raji cell immunofluorescence to contain high concentrations of CIC 15 to 21 days after tumor inoculation. CIC could be isolated from these sera by the procedures developed for model complexes. Analysis by PAGE indicated that they contained primarily a protein of apparent m.w. 79,000 complexed with IgG. This putative antigen component of CIC (79,000 daltons) reacted with a rabbit antiserum directed against the murine leukemia virus (MuLV) envelope glycoprotein, gp70. Techniques using protein A affinity chromatography may also be applicable to characterization of both antigen and antibody components of CIC in human diseases including cancer.
A Subpopulation of Adherent Accessory Cells Bearing Both I-A and I-E or C Subregion Antigens Is Required for Antigen-Specific Murine T Lymphocyte Proliferation
Authors: Cowing Carol , Pincus Seth H. , Sachs David H. , Dickler Howard B. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A murine T lymphocyte proliferation assay that used antigen-primed lymph node T cells, was antigen specific, and required exogenous accessory cells was used to characterize the accessory cells that supported proliferation. These cells were Thy 1.2 negative, radioresistant, glass-adherent, and were functional only if alive. The accessory cell function of spleen adherent cells was much greater than that of peritoneal cells. Also, the accessory cell function of spleen adherent cells was proportional to the length of time such cells were incubated with antigen and very small numbers of such cells provided accessory cell function. Cytotoxic studies with subregion-restricted anti-Ia antibodies and complement indicated that accessory cell function resided in a subpopulation of spleen adherent cells that bore both I-A and I-E or C subregion antigens. The function of such cells was not related to a selective ability (vs other spleen adherent cells) to take up antigen. These data indicate that antigen-specific stimulation of T lymphocyte proliferation requires at least one specific subpopulation of spleen adherent cells that can be phenotypically identified by its expression of Ia antigens and are consistent with the possibility that Ia antigens may be Ir gene products.
Role of Prostaglandin Synthesis in Rabbit Platelet Activation Induced by Basophil-Derived Platelet-Activating Factor
Authors: Shaw J. O. , Printz M. P. , Hirabayashi K. , Henson P. M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Rabbit platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a lipid released from IgE-sensitized basophils and mast cells during challenge with antigen. PAF induces shape change, aggregation, and secretion of granule-associated 3[H]-serotonin in rabbit platelets. This study investigated the capacity of PAF to initiate rabbit platelet prostaglandin synthesis and the requirement for generated prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane A2 in PAF-induced platelet aggregation and secretion. PAF in submaximal concentrations induced synthesis in rabbit platelets of PGE2, PGF2α, and prostaglandin endoperoxides in amounts comparable to that initiated by collagen, but greater than that caused by thrombin. PAF stimulation of platelets preloaded with 14[C]-arachidonic acid caused platelet production of 14[C]-thromboxane B2, the stable derivative of 14[C]-thromboxane A2. When compared kinetically to secretion, PAF induced platelet endoperoxide production peaked just before maximal release of granular 3[H]-serotonin content. However, the cyclooxygenase inhibitors, aspirin and indomethacin, failed to alter PAF-induced platelet shape change or aggregation. Similarly, secretion was unaffected by indomethacin except for a slight attenuation seen at the lowest stimulus concentrations examined. Platelet production of endoperoxides occurred throughout the range of PAF concentrations examined, even those causing barely detectable levels of secretion. PAF thus initiates platelet synthesis of prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane A2, but aggregation and secretion induced by PAF occur independent of these products of the cyclooxygenase pathway.
Requirement for an Ia-Bearing Accessory Cell in Con A-Induced T Cell Proliferation
Authors: Ahmann Gerald B. , Sachs David H. , Hodes Richard J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Preatment of murine lymphoid cells with anti-Ia and C abrogated the proliferative response of these cells to Con A, but not to PHA. Reconstitution experiments demonstrated that T cell-enriched populations failed to restore Con A responsiveness and that T cell-depleted populations were more effective in restoring responsiveness to Con A. In particular, a population of 1000 R resistant, glass-adherent, non-T spleen cells was capable of completely restoring responsiveness to Con A when added in numbers as low as 4% of cultured cells. These splenic adherent cells were found to express Ia determinants encoded by at least two genes: one in I-A and the other in I-B, I-J, and/or I-E/C, and it was demonstrated that determinants encoded in these two regions were expressed on the same cell. These results demonstrate that non-T accessory cells may be the Ia+ cells entirely responsible for the anti-Ia and C-induced abrogation of T cell proliferative responses to Con A.
Studies on Immunosuppression by Cobra Venom Factor
Authors: Matsuda T. , Martinelli G. P. , Osler A. G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have reassessed the effects of CVF administration on the humoral responses to two T-independent immunogens: DNP·Ficoll and DNP·Polyacrylamide. With high immunogen doses, little or no evidence of suppression was found. However when the immunizing dose was reduced, suppression of both IgG and IgM responses became apparent. As indicated in a previous report, the immunosuppressive effect of CVF on T-dependent responses may result not only from C depletion but also from the generation of C cleavage products that may impair the auxiliary contribution of macrophages to the generation of these humoral responses. A similar mechanism may be applicable to the suppression of antibody production to DNP·Ficoll and DNP·PAA in view of recent reports showing a macrophage requirement for the response to these immunogens.
Proliferative Response to Anti-IgM Antibodies of Various B Lymphocyte Subpopulations Isolated by Cell Sorting
Authors: Sidman Charles L. , Unanue Emil R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have utilized several methods to isolate populations of murine splenic B lymphocytes bearing different classes of surface Ig molecules. Antibody and complement-mediated cytotoxicity was used to remove IgD-bearing B cells, and fluorescein-conjugated anti-IgM and polyspecific anti-Ig-F(ab′)2 antibody fragments were used with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter to isolate cells bearing IgM or all Ig classes. First, the technique of isolating cells in the sorter was evaluated. It was found that among cells sorted as negative for Ig there was always a certain percentage where IgM reappeared on the membrane after ovenight culture. Second, evidence is presented that surface IgM is present on and controls the proliferation of the majority of B lymphocytes in an adult mouse spleen. This includes cells bearing predominantly IgM and cells bearing predominantly IgD. Finally, a theory of B cell stimulation is presented, based on distinctive roles for surface IgM and IgD molecules, as well as a balance between their signals to an individual cell.
Syngeneic GvH Induced in Popliteal Lymph Nodes by Spleen Cells of Old C57BL/6 Mice
Authors: Gozes Yeoshua , Umiel Tehila , Meshorer Asher , Trainin Nathan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The frequency of autoimmune processes seems to increase with age. We have studied here whether lymphoid cells of aged mice have the potential to express autoreactivity by the use of the in vivo graft-vs-host (GvH) assay. It was found that spleen cells from old (104 weeks) C57BL mice caused significant enlargement of the popliteal lymph node upon injection into the footpads of syngeneic young or old recipients. Histologically this enlargement presented characteristics of a GvH reaction. This effect, which was not abolished by irradiation of the hosts, was totally cancelled by in vitro irradiation or by anti-θ treatment of the donor cells. These results indicate that T cells from aged mice have the potential to manifest autoimmune reactivity.
Increased Spontaneous Polyclonal Activation of B Lymphocytes in Mice with Spontaneous Autoimmune Disease
Authors: Izui Shozo , McConahey Patricia J. , Dixon Frank J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Early in life, mice of four kinds [NZB, (NZB × NZW)F1, MRL/1, and male BXSB] with autoimmune disease spontaneously produced far more (&gt;3 S.D.) anti-hapten antibody-forming cells in spleens and greater concentrations of anti-hapten antibodies in sera than immunologically normal strains of mice (AKR, BALB/c, C3H, C57BL/6, DBA/1J, DBA/2J, LB/J, 129, NZW, and female BXSB). This increased nonspecific antibody production by the abnormal animals' B cells correlated well with the spontaneous development of anti-single-stranded DNA antibodies, but not with serum levels of the viral envelope glycoprotein, gp70. These results suggest that the spontaneous formation of autoantibodies in mice whose immunologic disorder is manifested by a lupus-like disease may result from polyclonal activation of B cells by endogenous or exogenous B cell activators.
Interaction of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes with Target Cells
Authors: Whisnant Carol C. , Singer Kay H. , Amos D. Bernard 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
H-2 antigens from EL4 (H-2b) and RL♂ 1 (H-2d) leukemias were solubilized with deoxycholate and partially purified based on their adherence to a Lens culinaris hemagglutinin column. In double reciprocal experiments we have shown that these preparations specifically inhibit conjugate formation between target cells and alloimmune peritoneal lymphocytes, a preparation rich in cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
Mechanisms of Action of “Lymphocyte-Activating Factor” (LAF)
Authors: Katz Stephen P. , Kierszenbaum Felipe , Waksman Byron H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
LAF (lymphocyte-activating factor), a nondialyzable, nonmitogenic substance obtained from rat macrophage-conditioned medium, potentiates the response of LNC to the T cell mitogen PHA and substitutes for macrophages in the DNA synthetic response of mitogen-stimulated, macrophage-depleted (Mφ-) LNC. The active factor has a m.w. between 50,000 and 100,000 as determined by membrane filtration. LAF acts between 12 and 24 hr after mitogen addition, apparently stimulating lymphocytes in G1 to enter S phase of the cell cycle. It induces an increase in the number of stimulated LNC synthesizing DNA without affecting the amount of DNA synthesized, as demonstrated by autoradiographic analysis. Its action is not due to generally enhanced cell survival, to prolongation of the S phase, to a mercaptoethanol effect, or to presence of free cold nucleotides in the LAF preparation. The LAF effect on mitogen-stimulated LNC or Mφ-LNC is associated with a rise in cGMP, starting at 12 to 16 hours, and reaching as much as 10 times normal levels by 24 hr. Addition of exogenous DBcGMP (10-7 M), agents that activate guanylate cyclase such as carbachol (10-8 M), or imidazole, a cGMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor (10-9 M), to PHA-stimulated Mφ-LNC mimics the LAF effect, maximally if the reagents are added 12 hr after mitogen. Inclusion of EGTA, an effective chelator of Ca++ (plus excess Mg++) between 12 and 26 hr of culture ablates both the LAF effect and the concomitant rise in cGMP. The evidence supports the conclusion that LAF acts by raising cGMP in G1 cells.
Studies on Lymphocyte-Mediated Cytolysis
Authors: Ozato Keiko , Henney Christopher S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Lymphocyte and mastocytoma (P815) cell populations incubated with DNP-phosphatidylethanolamine in the form of liposomes displayed cell surface hapten as evidenced by: i) 125I-anti-DNP antibody binding; ii) C-mediated lysis, and iii) K-cell mediated lysis. Under optimal conditions, P815 cells incubated with DNP-liposomes showed a higher DNP density than was obtained by direct surface haptenation with dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS). Moreover, the DNP transferred via cell-liposome interactions persisted on the cell surface at least as long as that introduced by DNBS.
Despite ready accessibility to antibody, the cell surface hapten introduced by cell-liposome interaction was not recognized by hapten-specific cytotoxic T cells. Thus, cells bearing liposome-derived DNP- (or TNP-) could not serve as targets for H-2 restricted hapten-specific effector cells; did not competitively inhibit the lysis of DNBS- (or TNBS-) modified cells; and, furthermore, did not stimulate hapten-specific cytotoxic cells in either primary or secondary responses. Interestingly, membrane preparations obtained from TNBS-treated cells did not “trigger” primary or secondary hapten-specific cytotoxic responses, although the same preparations readily stimulated “primed” allogeneic cells.
In contrast to the results obtained with cells bearing lipid-associated hapten, the addition of haptenated (DNP- or TNP-) bovine serum albumin (BSA) to lymphocyte cultures readily stimulated H-2 restricted, hapten-specific, cytotoxic T cell production. Cells incubated with DNP- (or TNP-) BSA for even brief (60 to 90 min) periods became susceptible to attack by syngeneic hapten-specific effector cells and specifically inhibited the lysis of syngeneic cells modified with the appropriate nitrobenzene sulfonic acid.
Role of the Murine Major Histocompatibility Complex in Macrophage-Mediated Cytolysis
Authors: Somers Scott D. , Zwilling Bruce S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Peritoneal cells from congeneic resistant mice infected with BCG displayed differential cytotoxicity toward tumor cells, destroying more allogeneic tumor cells than syngeneic tumor cells. This observation was made regardless of the tumor cells used or the effector cell source. The responsible effector cell remained in a doubly adherent population, was sensitive to carrageenan and silica, insensitive to anti-thymocyte sera, and is probably a macrophage. Activated macrophages were capable of reacting against tumor cells as well as histoincompatible embryonic cells. These observations may indicate that macrophages are capable of discriminating cell surface components linked to the major histocompatibility complex.
Specific Antibodies to Hemoglobin A1 (anti-Glu) and Hemoglobin S (anti-Val) in the Guinea Pig: Immunologic and Structural Correlations
Authors: Otieno Samuel , Bloor Anita , Karol Robin , Reichlin Morris , Noble Robert W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Like goats and sheep, guinea pigs can produce, in response to human sickle cell hemoglobin (β6 Glu → Val), an antibody population (anti-Val) that will bind sickle cell hemoglobin but not normal hemoglobin HbA. Unlike goats and sheep, guinea pigs can produce in response to human hemoglobin A1 an antibody fraction, anti-Glu, that will not react with human sickle cell hemoglobin. These anti-Glu antibodies have been isolated by affinity chromatography and their specificity confirmed by fluorescence-quenching titrations. The sequence of the first 10 amino acids of the β-chain of guinea pig hemoglobin has been determined. This sequence differs from those of both hemoglobin HbA and sickle cell hemoglobin by two residues, those at positions 5 and 6. This explains the similarity of the immunogenicity of this site on the two human hemoglobins when administered to guinea pigs. Both goats and sheep are identical to hemoglobin A1 at the β-6 position.
Immune Response to Alloantigens in Vitro, Amplification of the Development of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes by Lipopolysaccharide and Polyadenylic:Polyuridylic Acid
Authors: Narayanan P. R. , Kloehn D. B. , Sundharadas G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have examined the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the double stranded RNA, polyadenylic:polyuridylic acid (poly A:U) on the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in a mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) reaction of allogeneic mouse spleen cells. Both LPS and poly A:U augment the generation of cytotoxic cells in responder-stimulator combinations, which differ for the entire H-2 region or only for the H-2K or H-2D subregion. Also, in the presence of optimal concentrations of LPS and poly A:U the dose of antigen required for optimal sensitization and generation of cytotoxic cells is reduced significantly. The cytotoxic cells generated are specific for the sensitizing antigen and they resemble the cytotoxic T lymphocytes in a normal MLC in that they show a log-linear relationship between effector:target ratio and percent cytotoxicity. Furthermore, both LPS and poly A:U appear to bring about their effect by acting on the responding cells as the enhanced generation of cytotoxic cells is brought about if the responding cells are preincubated with these agents and washed before adding the stimulating cells. The effect of poly A:U depends on the presence of adherent cells whereas the effect of LPS is independent of the presence of these cells suggesting that the two agents exert their effect at different steps in the development of the cytotoxic cells. These results suggest that elucidation of the mode of action of LPS and poly A:U in this system might shed light on the mechanisms underlying development of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vitro.
Mouse T Cell-Mediated Cytolysis Specifically Triggered by Cytophilic Xenogeneic Serum Determinants: A Caveat for the Interpretation of Experiments Done under “Syngeneic” Conditions
Authors: Golstein Pierre , Luciani Marie-Françoise , Wagner Hermann , Röllinghoff Martin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have demonstrated by using a combination of in vivo priming and in vitro incubation that the injection into mice of cultured cells can lead to the development of cytolytic T cells as a function of the serum used for growing the injected cells. Moreover, mere injection of xenogeneic serum followed by in vitro incubation of the primed cells in serum-containing medium led to the development of cytolytic T cells. The induction and the cytolysis phases of this system had distinct characteristics. For the induction of the development of cytolytic cells, cytophilic xenogeneic serum determinants were necessary and were recognized in a specific way. For cytolysis, T cells were required, which recognized unidentified antigens (but apparently not xenogeneic serum determinants) at the surface of syngeneic or allogeneic target cells. In addition, different strains of mice had different patterns of reactivity in this system.
These results are discussed from two points of view. First, they lead us to issue a serious caveat for the interpretation of experiments done in “syngeneic” conditions, when the sensitizing cells have been in contact with xenogeneic serum. Second, we underline the interest of this system for further studies on the induction of T cell-mediated cytolysis.