bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experience of loneliness and depression due to spousal separation in long-term care residents and their spouses: a qualitative systematic review protocol
Authors: Robertson Madison A. , Petersen Erika E. , Ross-White Amanda , Egan Rylan 
Published: March 2023

Objective:
The objective of this review is to describe the experience of loneliness and/or depression due to spousal separation when one or both spouses are admitted into a long-term care facility.

Introduction:
Loneliness and depression are important concerns for the health and well-being of older adults separated from their spouses due to long-term care placement. Social relationships, specifically spousal relationships, have a significant impact on the mental health of older adults. However, there is limited research on the experience or effect of spousal separation on long-term care residents’ and their spouses’ experience of loneliness and/or depression.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will include long-term care residents and their spouses who are over the age of 50 and have a spouse they are separated from due to long-term care placement. Studies will be included in this review if they explore the experiences of loneliness and/or depression due to spousal separation with one or both spouses living in a long-term care facility.

Methods:
This review will be conducted in line with the JBI methodology for systematic reviews of qualitative evidence. MEDLINE was used for the initial search. A full search strategy was then developed for MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, and PsycINFO. The JBI approach to study selection, critical appraisal, data extraction, data synthesis, and assessment of confidence will be used. Two reviewers will pilot test the screening criteria and data extraction protocol.

Review registration:
PROSPERO CRD42022333014
Stability Analysis of a One Degree of Freedom Robot Model With Sampled Digital Acceleration Feedback Controller in Turning and Milling
Authors: Bartfai Andras , Barrios Asier , Dombovari Zoltan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This study is interested in the stability of robots in machining. The goal is to improve the dynamic performance of robots using an additional acceleration signal fed back through the conventional built-in proportional-derivative controller provided by the manufacturer. The structure of the robot is modelled with a simple one degree-of-freedom lumped model and the control signals are fed back via a linear spring and damping. The time delays of the feedback controllers are considered as zero-order holds, which results in sawtooth-like time-periodic time delays. The resulting equation of motion is an advanced delay differential equation. The semidiscretization method is shown for such systems having multiple sampled digital delays and continuous delays. First, we establish the stable regions in the plane of the sampling delay and the gain of the acceleration signal without machining. Then, we show the possibility to improve stability in turning and milling using the additional acceleration feedback controller compared to the cases without any controller or using only the built-in proportional-derivative controller.
Changes in health-related quality of life and associations with improvements in clinical efficacy: a Phase 2 study of mirikizumab in patients with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Dubinsky Marla C , Jairath Vipul , Feagan Brian G , Naegeli April N , Tuttle Jay , Morris Nathan , Shan Mingyang , Arora Vipin , Lissoos Trevor , Agada Noah , Hibi Toshifumi , Sands Bruce E 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveMirikizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the interleukin-23 p19 subunit, was effective in a Phase 2 study (NCT02589665) of moderately-to-severely active ulcerative colitis (UC). We studied mirikizumab’s impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL).DesignHRQoL was evaluated using the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) Physical Component Score (PCS) and Mental Component Score (MCS). Mixed effects models for repeated measures compared score changes between mirikizumab and placebo groups. Additional analyses evaluated associations between HRQoL score changes and achievement of efficacy endpoints at weeks 12 and 52.ResultsAt week 12, IBDQ improved compared with placebo for all mirikizumab groups except mirikizumab 50 mg (50 mg, p=0.073; 200 mg, p<0.001; 600 mg, p<0.001). SF-36 PCS was significantly higher in all mirikizumab groups at week 12 (50 mg, p=0.011; 200 mg, p=0.022; 600 mg, p=0.002); MCS was significantly higher in mirikizumab 200 and 600 mg groups compared with placebo (50 mg, p=0.429; 200 mg, p=0.028; 600 mg, p<0.001). Achievement of clinical response and remission were associated with greater HRQoL improvements at week 12. Improvements in HRQoL scores were sustained through week 52. Of the clinical symptoms evaluated, reduction in rectal bleeding was associated with greater improvements in IBDQ and SF-36 scores.ConclusionMirikizumab improved HRQoL in patients with moderately-to-severely active UC.
Evaluating equity in performance of an electronic health record-based 6-month mortality risk model to trigger palliative care consultation: a retrospective model validation analysis
Authors: Teeple Stephanie , Chivers Corey , Linn Kristin A , Halpern Scott D , Eneanya Nwamaka , Draugelis Michael , Courtright Katherine 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveEvaluate predictive performance of an electronic health record (EHR)-based, inpatient 6-month mortality risk model developed to trigger palliative care consultation among patient groups stratified by age, race, ethnicity, insurance and socioeconomic status (SES), which may vary due to social forces (eg, racism) that shape health, healthcare and health data.DesignRetrospective evaluation of prediction model.SettingThree urban hospitals within a single health system.ParticipantsAll patients ≥18 years admitted between 1 January and 31 December 2017, excluding observation, obstetric, rehabilitation and hospice (n=58 464 encounters, 41 327 patients).Main outcome measuresGeneral performance metrics (c-statistic, integrated calibration index (ICI), Brier Score) and additional measures relevant to health equity (accuracy, false positive rate (FPR), false negative rate (FNR)).ResultsFor black versus non-Hispanic white patients, the model’s accuracy was higher (0.051, 95% CI 0.044 to 0.059), FPR lower (−0.060, 95% CI −0.067 to −0.052) and FNR higher (0.049, 95% CI 0.023 to 0.078). A similar pattern was observed among patients who were Hispanic, younger, with Medicaid/missing insurance, or living in low SES zip codes. No consistent differences emerged in c-statistic, ICI or Brier Score. Younger age had the second-largest effect size in the mortality prediction model, and there were large standardised group differences in age (eg, 0.32 for non-Hispanic white versus black patients), suggesting age may contribute to systematic differences in the predicted probabilities between groups.ConclusionsAn EHR-based mortality risk model was less likely to identify some marginalised patients as potentially benefiting from palliative care, with younger age pinpointed as a possible mechanism. Evaluating predictive performance is a critical preliminary step in addressing algorithmic inequities in healthcare, which must also include evaluating clinical impact, and governance and regulatory structures for oversight, monitoring and accountability.
Association of age with 1-year outcome in patients with acute ischaemic stroke treated with thrombectomy: real-world analysis in 18 506 patients
Authors: Beuker Carolin , Köppe Jeanette , Feld Jannik , Meyer Christian Lennart , Dröge Patrik , Ruhnke Thomas , Günster Christian , Wiendl Heinz , Reinecke Holger , Minnerup Jens 
Published: March 2023

Background
To evaluate the association of age with long-term outcome after thrombectomy.

Methods
In a retrospective cohort study based on routine healthcare data from Germany between 2010 and 2018, we included 18 506 patients with acute ischaemic stroke treated with mechanical thrombectomy. Association between age and mortality, disability, and level of care at 1 year was assessed.

Results
The median age was 76 years, 36.3% were aged ≥80 years and 55.8% were women. Patients aged ≥80 compared with those <80 years had a higher mortality (55.4% vs 28.5%; adjusted HR 1.13; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.31), more often had moderate/severe disability (35.5% vs 33.2%, adjusted HR 1.14; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.23) and less frequently had no/slight disability (17.4% vs 41.0%) at 1 year. Older age was associated with a higher likelihood of living in a nursing home (13.4% vs 9.2%, adjusted HR 1.09; 95% CI 0.97 to 1.22) and a lower likelihood of living at home (33.8% vs 62.8%) at 1 year. These associations were also robust when analysed in patients with no disability prior to stroke. Factors most strongly associated with worse 1-year outcomes in elderly patients were chronic limb-threatening ischaemia (67.9% vs 56.4%; HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.38 to 1.82), dementia at baseline (65.2% vs 47.3%; HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.44) and ventilation >48 hours (79.3% vs 52.2%; HR 2.91, 95% CI 2.66 to 3.18).

Conclusions
In this large ‘real-world’ cohort, outcomes after mechanical thrombectomy were strongly associated with age. Of patients aged ≥80 years more than half were dead and less than one-fifth were functionally independent at 1 year. Certain comorbidities and ventilation >48 hours were associated with even worse outcomes.
Consensus statement on aortic valve replacement via an anterior right minithoracotomy in the UK healthcare setting
Authors: Vohra Hunaid A , Salmasi M Yousuf , Mohamed Fatemazahra , Shehata Monica , Bahrami Bardia , Caputo Massimo , Deshpande Ranjit , Bapat Vinayak , Bahrami Toufan , Birdi Inderpaul , Zacharias Joseph 
Published: March 2023

The wide uptake of anterior right thoracotomy (ART) as an approach for aortic valve replacement (AVR) has been limited despite initial reports of its use in 1993. Compared with median sternotomy, and even ministernotomy, ART is considered to be less traumatic to the chest wall and to help facilitate quicker patient recovery. In this statement, a consensus agreement is outlined that describes the potential benefits of the ART AVR. The technical considerations that require specific attention are described and the initiation of an ART programme at a UK centre is recommended through simulation and/or use of specialist instruments in conventional cases. The use of soft tissue retractors, peripheral cannulation, modified aortic clamping and the use of intraoperative adjuncts, such as sutureless valves and/or automated knot fasteners, are important to consider in order to circumvent the challenges of minimal the altered exposure via an ART.A coordinated team-based approach that encourages ownership of the programme by team members is critical. A designated proctor/mentor is also recommended. The organisation of structured training and simulation, as well as planning the initial cases are important steps to consider.
On electrical transport and thermoelectric performance in Half-Heusler phase ScNiSb
Authors: Ciesielski Kamil , Kaczorowski Dariusz 
Published: March 2023

Half-Heusler (HH) phases are among the most extensively studied thermoelectric materials. Bipolar thermal conductivity analysis performed for their sub-group based on rare-earth (R) metals, RNiSb, indicated high mobility ratio in favor of electrons. The result motivated studies of ScNiSb[Formula: see text]Tex series in which n-type-doped samples shown higher mobility and significantly improved thermoelectric performance [K. Ciesielski et al., Phys. Rev. Appl. 15, 044047 (2021)]. Recently, Kajikawa attempted alternative interpretation of transport properties in ScNiSb, where multi-parameter fit led to mobility ratio in favor of holes [Y. Kajikawa, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 2250071 (2022)]. In this work we discuss the details of electrical properties and thermoelectric performance of ScNiSb in the context of structural disorder and the most recent experimental literature on a related chemical system. The paper considers also relevant assumptions regarding band degeneracy and scattering mechanisms for effective mass modeling in ScNiSb. Last, technical difficulties of the model proposed by Kajikawa are addressed. We believe that the provided insight will be useful for understating electrical transport in HH compounds, which can contribute to further improvement of their thermoelectric performance.
Between Written and Visual Communication: CIDOC CRM Ontology for Medieval and Early Modern European Graffiti
Authors: Trentin Mia , Felicetti Achille 
Published: March 2023

The development of graffiti studies during the last couple of decades highlighted the relevance and potential of graffiti as a complementary source for understanding different aspects of past societies. Moreover, the availability of digital documentation techniques crucially increased data production, showing the widespread presence of graffiti in Medieval and Early Modern contexts across Europe.
However, the approach to historical graffiti has not been yet structured. Guidelines, specific analytical tools, and descriptors are still missing due to various reasons. First, graffiti are a multiform and multimodal graphic expression, so texts, signs, and images must be considered together despite their different communicative nature. Secondly, due to their variety in forms and contents, graffiti have been studied from many perspectives (e.g., epigraphy, palaeography, history, art history, maritime studies), following the specific interests of each scholar. Consequently, the numerous and extensive contributions concerning graffiti highlight the lack of shared standards and approaches, hindering data analysis and interoperability. The panorama emerging is fragmentary and unstructured.

This article thus aims to offer a first step toward the development of a specific methodology for the analysis and study of Medieval and Early Modern European graffiti. Precisely, a specific ontology adopting CIDOC CRM for Medieval and Early Modern graffiti will be presented, as developed in a preliminary form within the DIGIGRAF project

1

with the support of the ARIADNEplus

2

network.
EBV-Upregulated B7-H3 Inhibits NK cell–Mediated Antitumor Function and Contributes to Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Progression
Authors: Chen Haiwen , Duan Xiaobing , Deng Xiaohong , Huang Yingping , Zhou Xiang , Zhang Shanshan , Zhang Xiao , Liu Pingjuan , Yang Chaopin , Liu Guojun , Ren Qinqin , Xiong Yan , Zhu Bo , Zhang Jiexia , Xiang Tong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)–associated epithelial malignancy characterized by the presence of prominent infiltration of lymphocytes, including natural killer (NK) cells. Although NK cells can directly target EBV-infected tumor cells without restriction by the MHC, EBV-positive (EBV+) NPC cells often develop resistance mechanisms that allow them to evade immune surveillance by NK cells. Elucidating the mechanisms involved in EBV-induced NK-cell dysfunction will contribute to the design of novel NK cell–based immunotherapies to treat NPC. Herein, we confirmed that the cytotoxic function of NK cells was impaired in EBV+ NPC tissues and found that EBV infection–induced expression of B7-H3 in NPC negatively correlated with NK-cell function. The inhibitory effect of EBV+ tumor expression of B7-H3 on NK-cell function was clarified in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway via EBV latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) was responsible for EBV infection–induced upregulation of B7-H3 expression. In an NPC xenograft mouse model with adoptive transfer of primary NK cells, deletion of B7-H3 on tumor cells in combination with anti–PD-L1 treatment restored NK cell–mediated antitumor activity and significantly improved the antitumor efficacy of NK cells. On the basis of our findings, we conclude that EBV infection can inhibit NK cell–mediated antitumor function by inducing upregulation of B7-H3 expression and provide a rationale for NK cell–based immunotherapies in combination of PD-L1 blockade and overcoming the immunosuppression of B7-H3 to treat EBV-associated NPC.
Efficacy of Antihypertensive Drugs of Different Classes After Renal Denervation in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Hohl Mathias , Lauder Lucas , Sevimli Özlem , Tokcan Mert , Wagmann Lea , Götzinger Felix , Schneider Clara , Hübner Ulrich , Lehnert Ulrike , Meyer Markus R. , Böhm Michael , Mahfoud Felix 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Renal denervation (RDN) lowers blood pressure (BP) in patients with uncontrolled hypertension. Limited data exist on the effectiveness of different antihypertensive medications following RDN on BP and maladaptive cardiac phenotypes.

Methods:
Eighty-nine male spontaneously hypertensive rats with continuous BP recording underwent RDN or sham operation. Ten days postsurgery, spontaneously hypertensive rats were randomized to receive no antihypertensive medication, amlodipine, olmesartan, hydrochlorothiazide, bisoprolol, doxazosin, or moxonidine for 28 days. Cardiac remodeling was determined histologically, and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system was explored.

Results:

Before initiation of antihypertensive drugs, RDN reduced mean arterial pressure (−12.6 mm Hg [95% CI, −14.4 to −10.8];
P
<0.001). At study end, mean arterial pressure was lower in RDN compared with sham operation in drug-naïve controls (
P
=0.006), olmesartan (
P
=0.002), amlodipine (
P
=0.0004), hydrochlorothiazide (
P
=0.006), doxazosin (
P=
0.001), and bisoprolol (
P
=0.039) but not in animals receiving moxonidine (
P
=0.122). Compared with pooled BP change of all other drug classes, mean arterial pressure change was largest for olmesartan (−15.9 mm Hg [95% CI, −18.6 to −13.2];
P
<0.001) and amlodipine (−12.0 mm Hg [95% CI, −14.7 to −9.3];
P
<0.001). In drug-naïve controls, RDN reduced plasma renin activity (−5.6%¸
P
=0.03) and aldosterone concentration (−53.0%;
P
=0.005). In the presence of antihypertensive medication, plasma renin activity and aldosterone remained unchanged after RDN. Cardiac remodeling was not affected by RDN alone. In animals receiving olmesartan after RDN, cardiac perivascular fibrosis was attenuated. Amlodipine and bisoprolol following RDN reduced cardiomyocyte diameter.

Conclusions:
Following RDN, treatment with amlodipine and olmesartan resulted in the largest BP reduction. Antihypertensive medications mediated heterogeneous effects on renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activity and cardiac remodeling.
Untangling Jurisdictional Complexities for Crew Labour Regulations on Fishing Vessels in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean
Authors: Haas Bianca , Oh Seoyeon , Dalton Kathryn , Chang Shui-Kai , Fitzpatrick Juno , Minami Kengo , Matsui Hiroaki , Xue Guifang (Julia) , An Ji-Eun , Azmi Kamal , Davis Ruth , Lin Han-Yu , Jung Myung-Hwa , Hanich Quentin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The transnational nature of seafood supply chains, including different jurisdictions with varying degrees of responsibility and opportunity, creates a high risk for labour abuse. The ratification of the International Labour Organization’s Work in Fishing Convention, C188, has been low, making the enforcement of national labour regulations very important. This article summarises national labour regulations of key flag States that fish in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean and compare these regulations to C188. The findings highlight the gaps between national regulations and international labour standards. Although the primary responsibility for crew labour standards lies with the flag State, tools at the coastal, crew, port and market State levels are introduced that could support better protection of fishing crew. While the legal infrastructure to address labour issues on fishing vessels exists in theory, more work is needed to increase the performance, enforcement, monitoring and accountability of the existing regulations.
Revisiting the Impacts of Tropical Pacific SST Anomalies on the Pacific Meridional Mode during the Decay of Strong Eastern Pacific El Niño Events
Authors: Fan Hanjie , Yang Song , Wang Chunzai , Lin Shuheng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Pacific meridional mode (PMM) can modulate El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and is also affected by ENSO-related tropical Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs). Two tropical feedbacks on the PMM have been proposed: a positive one of central tropical Pacific SSTAs and a negative one of eastern tropical Pacific (ETP) SSTAs, the latter of which is suggested to be active only during strong eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño events like those in 1982/83 and 1997/98. However, we find that no strong, negative PMM-like SSTAs appeared, although the PMM indices (PMMIs) were strongly negative in spring of 1983 and 1998. Observation and model experiments show that tropical warming in 1983 and 1998 not only occurred in the ETP but also extended to the date line, thus inducing wind anomalies unfavorable for establishing the wind–evaporation–SST feedback for a negative PMM in the subtropics. To understand the discrepancy between the large negative PMMIs and weak PMM-related subtropical cooling during strong EP El Niño events, we isolate the relative contributions of subtropical and tropical SSTAs to the PMMIs by calculating their spatial projections on the PMM. Analysis combined using observation and CMIP6 models shows that despite the large contribution from subtropical SSTAs, the large tropical SSTAs, especially the extreme ETP warming, could cause large negative PMMIs during strong EP El Niño events even without strong, negative subtropical SSTAs. Our study clarifies the impact of ETP warming in causing a negative PMM and indicates the overstatement of negative PMMIs by tropical SSTAs during strong EP El Niño events.

Significance Statement
This paper aims to reevaluate the previously proposed effect of strong eastern Pacific El Niño events, like those in 1982/83 and 1997/98, on exciting a negative Pacific meridional mode (PMM). We find that although the PMM indices were strongly negative during the decay of strong eastern Pacific El Niño events, the large negative PMM sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) could not be observed in the subtropical Pacific. Further diagnosis indicates that the PMM index can be large if strong SSTAs occur in eastern tropical Pacific even without subtropical SSTAs, implying that one should be careful when using the PMM index.