bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rossby numbers of fully and partially convective stars
Authors: Landin N R , Mendes L T S , Vaz L P R , Alencar S H P 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
We investigate stellar magnetic activity from the theoretical point of view, by using stellar evolution models to calculate theoretical convective turnover times (τc) and Rossby numbers (Ro) for pre-main-sequence and main-sequence stars. The problem is that the canonical place where τc is usually determined (half a mixing length above the base of the convective zone) fails for fully convective stars and there is no agreement on this in the literature. Our calculations were performed with the ATON stellar evolution code. We concentrated our analysis on fully and partially convective stars motivated by recent observations of slowly rotating fully convective stars, whose X-ray emissions correlate with their Rossby numbers in the same way as in solar-like stars, suggesting that the presence of a tachocline is not required for magnetic field generation. We investigate the behaviour of τc over the stellar radius for stars of different masses and ages. As Ro depends on τc, which varies strongly with the stellar radius, we use our theoretical results to determine a better radial position at which to calculate it for fully convective stars. Using our alternative locations, we fit a sample of 847 stars in the rotation–activity diagram (LX/Lbol versus Ro) with a two-part power-law function. Our fit parameters are consistent with previous work, showing that stars with ${\rm \mathit {Ro}}\, \le \, {\rm \mathit {Ro}_{sat}}$ are distributed around a saturation level in LX/Lbol and, for stars with ${\rm \mathit {Ro}}\, \gt \, {\rm \mathit {Ro}_{sat}}$, LX/Lbol clearly decays with Ro with an exponent of −2.4 ± 0.1.
Intake, growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of feedlot lambs fed novel anthocyanin-rich corn cobs
Authors: Quadros Danilo G , Kerth Chris R , Miller Rhonda , Tolleson Douglas R , Redden Reid R , Xu Wenwei 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Feeding anthocyanin- and antioxidant-rich forages to sheep and dairy cows can improve performance and product quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of feeding anthocyanin-rich (Hi-A) corn cobs on the growth performance and meat quality of lambs. A total of 30 eight-month-old Rambouillet ewe lambs (body weight 30.7 ± 1.2 kg) were fed for 63 days with three diets consisting of 80% concentrate and 20% roughage: Hi-A corn cobs (Hi-A), regular corn cobs (Low-A), and bermudagrass hay (BGH). A completely randomized design trial with 10 lambs per treatment was used. Data were collected on dry matter intake (DMI), body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), gain:feed ratio (G:F), carcass traits, meat color, fatty acid (FA) profile, volatile aroma compounds, and sensory panels. After feeding for 63 days, lambs were harvested, and the carcasses were evaluated. Boneless lamb loin chops were fabricated and submitted to FA, aroma, and sensory analysis. The corn cob diets did not affect BW, ADG, or G:F of the lambs compared to BGH diet, but DMI (P &lt; 0.01) was decreased. The dressing percentage was greater (P &lt; 0.05) in lambs fed BGH than in those fed Hi-A, while lambs fed Low-A did not differ from the other two diets. Loin chop instrumental color characteristics were not influenced by diets, except the hue angle, which was greater (P &lt; 0.05) in lambs fed Hi-A than Low-A, while BGH did not differ from lambs fed either cob diet. There was no significant difference in the meat fatty acid profile. Five volatile compounds were affected by diets. The 2-butanone (P = 0.07) and 2,3-butanedione (P = 0.05) were greater in chops from lambs fed BGH relative to lambs fed Hi-A and neither differed (P &gt; 0.05) from lambs fed Low-A diet. The 2-propanone was greater (P = 0.01) in chops from lambs fed BGH than in those fed either the Low-A or Hi-A diets. Both 3-methyl-butanal and methyl benzene were lower (P = 0.01 and P = 0.02, respectively) in chops from lambs fed the Hi-A diet than in those fed either the BGH or Low-A diet. Replacing 20% bermudagrass hay with corn cobs in the diets of feedlot lambs did not affect sheep growth performance, meat fatty acid profile, sensory traits, and most carcass characteristics and meat color parameters. Hi-A corn diet improved aroma in cooked boneless loin chops, but sensory traits were not affected. This study showed the Hi-A corn cobs can be safely used for roughage and feed for lambs and for improving meat aroma in cooked boneless loin chops.
Parent Decision-Making With Fetal Surgery for Myelomeningocele
Authors: Hansen Kara , Trowbridge Kelly , Wayne Allie 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionThe objectives of this study were to understand how parents made the decision to do maternal–fetal surgery for myelomeningocele and to determine the influence of the shared decision-making model on their choice.MethodThis is a qualitative study of parents in a fetal care center after fetal surgery. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. Analysis was completed using iterative code development, and thematic saturation was reached.ResultsRapid decision making, often before seeing fetal care professionals, was present, parental agency drove the decision for surgery, exposure to other parents via the Internet was key to reducing uncertainty and increasing hope for the future, positive interactions with the healthcare team played a role in parental choice for surgery, and mothers were surprised by unanticipated pain and discomfort following surgery.DiscussionTenets of shared decision making, such as patients feeling supported by their healthcare professionals, were present. Results learned from this study could be used to tailor interactions with parents seeking fetal surgery.
Epigenetic Regulation as a New Therapeutic Target for Middle Ear Cholesteatoma
Authors: Yamamoto-Fukuda Tomomi , Akiyama Naotaro , Hirabayashi Motoki , Shimmura Hajime , Kojima Hiromi 
Published: January 2023

Hypothesis
To evaluate the effectiveness of the menin-MLL inhibitor, MI503, as a conservative treatment of middle ear cholesteatoma (cholesteatoma) in a mouse model and to confirm its safety profile regarding auditory function in vivo.

Background
Cholesteatoma is a mass formed by the keratinizing squamous epithelium in the tympanic cavity and/or mastoid and subepithelial connective tissue and by the progressive accumulation of keratin debris with/without a surrounding inflammatory reaction. Although the main treatment is surgical therapy, the techniques to prevent recurrence remain a critical area of research. Recently, the use of MI503 in experiments resulted in the inhibition of the growth of cholesteatoma in vivo under histone modification.

Methods
After cholesteatoma was induced in ICR mice (n = 7) by keratinocyte growth factor expression vector transfection, MI503 (50 μM) or phosphate-buffered saline was topically injected for 14 days. The effects of MI503 against cholesteatoma were analyzed by micro–computed tomography images. For the in vivo ototoxicity study, a single intratympanic injection of MI503 (50 or 500 μM) or phosphate-buffered saline (n = 4 each) was done in the ICR mice. An auditory brainstem response was performed at days 0, 1, and 14. For morphological analysis, immunostaining for Phalloidin/F-actin and Myo7a was performed.

Results
MI503 reduced keratinocyte growth factor–induced cholesteatoma in vivo (4 of 4 [100%]). No difference was found in the mean variation of the average of the auditory brainstem response thresholds between the three groups in the in vivo ototoxicity study, thus confirming its safety profile regarding auditory function. MI503 does not demonstrate any deleterious effects on murine hair cells when assessed by immunostaining.

Conclusion
These findings demonstrate an encouraging safety profile for the use of menin-MLL inhibitor for the conservative treatment of cholesteatoma.
Safety of Crossing Donor-specific Antibodies in Lung Transplantation
Authors: Wang Melissa , Campbell Patricia , Lien Dale C. , Varughese Rhea , Weinkauf Justin , Nagendran Jayan , Hirji Alim , Li David , Halloran Kieran 
Published: January 2023

Background.
Donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) have been associated with antibody-mediated rejection, chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD), and increased mortality in lung transplant recipients. Our center performs transplants in the presence of DSA, and we sought to evaluate the safety of this practice with respect to graft loss, CLAD onset, and primary graft dysfunction (PGD).

Methods.
We reviewed recipients transplanted from 2010 to 2017, classifying them as DSA positive (DSA+) or negative. We used Kaplan-Meier estimation to test the association between DSA status and time to death or retransplant and time to CLAD onset. We further tested associations with severe PGD and rejection in the first year using logistic regression and Fisher exact testing.

Results.
Three hundred thirteen patients met inclusion criteria, 30 (10%) of whom were DSA+. DSA+ patients were more likely to be female, bridged to transplant, and receive induction therapy. There was no association between DSA status and time to death or retransplant (log rank P = 0.581) nor death-censored time to CLAD onset (log rank P = 0.278), but DSA+ patients were at increased risk of severe PGD (odds ratio 2.88; 95% confidence interval, 1.10-7.29; P = 0.031) and more frequent antibody-mediated rejection in the first posttransplant year.

Conclusions.
Crossing DSA at time of lung transplant was not associated with an increased risk of death or CLAD in our cohort, but patients developed severe PGD and antibody-mediated rejection more frequently. However, these risks are likely manageable when balanced against the benefits of expanded access for sensitized candidates.
Impaired humoral immunity to BQ.1.1 in convalescent and vaccinated patients
Authors: Dewald Felix , Pirkl Martin , Ahmadov Elvin , Paluschinski Martha , Kühn Joachim , Elsner Carina , Schulte Bianca , Schlotz Maike , Oral Göksu , Knüfer Jacqueline , Bernhard Michael , Michael Mark , Luxenburger Maura , Andrée Marcel , Hennies Marc Tim , Hafezi Wali , Müller Marlin Maybrit , Kümpers Philipp , Risse Joachim , Kill Clemens , Manegold Randi Katrin , Frantzki Ute von , Richter Enrico , Emmert Dorian , Monzon-Posadas Werner O. , Gräff Ingo , Kogej Monika , Büning Antonia , Baum Maximilian , Teipel Finn , Mochtarzadeh Babak , Wolff Martin , Gruell Henning , Cristanziano Veronica Di , Burst Volker , Streeck Hendrik , Dittmer Ulf , Ludwig Stephan , Timm Jörg , Klein Florian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDetermining SARS-CoV-2 immunity is critical to assess COVID-19 risk and the need for prevention and mitigation strategies. We measured SARS-CoV-2 Spike/Nucleocapsid seroprevalence and serum neutralizing activity against Wu01, BA.4/5 and BQ.1.1 in 1,411 individuals who received medical treatment in five emergency departments in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. We detected Spike-IgG in 95.6%, Nucleocapsid-IgG in 24.0% and neutralization against Wu01, BA.4/5 and BQ.1.1 in 94.4%, 85.0%, and 73.8% of participants, respectively. Neutralization against BA.4/5 and BQ.1.1 was reduced 5.6- and 23.4-fold compared to Wu01. Accuracy of S-IgG detection for determination of neutralizing activity against BQ.1.1 was reduced substantially. Furthermore, we explored previous vaccinations and infections as most important correlates of improved BQ.1.1 neutralization using multivariable and Bayesian network analyses. Given an adherence to COVID-19 vaccination recommendations of only 67.7% of all participants, we highlight the need for improvement of vaccine-uptake to reduce the COVID-19 risk in upcoming infection-waves with immune evasive variants.
Usability and performance of the MicroGEM Sal6830™, an RT-PCR saliva-based point-of-care platform to detect SARS-CoV-2 in primary healthcare settings with non-laboratory trained operators
Authors: Mills Vanessa , Owens Tyson Teresa , Helton Rachel , Hill-Collins Paula , Hubbard Sarah , Scott Anchi , Hickey Jeff A. , Root Brian E. , O’Brien Rory , Conte Jillian , Stanton Jo-Ann L. , Chapman Jeff D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated how few point-of-care diagnostic tools were available that could be safely and easily operated by healthcare workers with no laboratory training. The gold-standard test, and initially the only test, used RT-PCR with nasal pharyngeal swabs (NPS). Two issues quickly emerged: 1) RT-PCR required central laboratory processing leading to significant time delays and 2) NPS collection causes discomfort, is inappropriate for ongoing repeat sampling of individuals (e.g., frontline healthcare workers) and poses difficulty when obtaining samples from some sections of the population (e.g. some elderly and young children). The Sal6830™ platform is a fully self-contained, RT-PCR point-of-care device for detecting SARS-CoV-2 from saliva that takes less than thirty minutes to complete. In this study we tested the usability of the Sal6830™ platform by healthcare workers unfamiliar with the instrument at two community clinics: Care 4 U Community Health Center (Miami, Florida, USA) and St. Mary’s Health Wagon (Wise, Virginia, USA). Staff participated in three tests: 1) determining SARS-CoV-2 status from blinded positive and negative saliva samples, 2) a clinical study comparing SARS-CoV-2 detection with a comparator point-of-care technology from the same patient and 3) completing a survey designed to measure comfort and confidence using the Sal6830™ point-of-care device having received no training. Participants overwhelming found the Sal6830™ platform easy and intuitive to use, successfully called SARS-CoV-2 status of contrived, blinded samples and measured a 93.3% overall percent agreement when comparing patient samples across two point-of-care technologies.
Human brain solute transport quantified by glymphatic MRI-informed biophysics during sleep and sleep deprivation
Authors: Vinje Vegard , Zapf Bastian , Ringstad Geir , Eide Per Kristian , Rognes Marie E. , Mardal Kent-Andre 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTWhether you are reading, running or sleeping, your brain and its fluid environment continuously interacts to distribute nutrients and clear metabolic waste. Yet, the precise mechanisms for solute transport within the human brain have remained hard to quantify using imaging techniques alone. From multi-modal human brain MRI data sets in sleeping and sleep-deprived subjects, we identify and quantify CSF tracer transport parameters using forward and inverse subject-specific computational modelling. Our findings support the notion that extracellular diffusion alone is not sufficient as a brain-wide tracer transport mechanism. Instead, we show that human MRI observations align well with transport by either substantially enhanced (3.5×) extracellular diffusion in combination with local clearance rates corresponding to a tracer half-life of up to 5 hours, or by extracellular diffusion augmented by advection with brain-wide average flow speeds on the order of 1–9µm/min. Reduced advection fully explains reduced tracer clearance after sleep-deprivation, supporting the role of sleep and sleep deprivation on human brain clearance.
Site-suitability difference and the expectation of species richness difference in stochastic two-subcommunities models
Authors: Iritani Ryosuke 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUnderstanding how community assembly during the initial faunization phases determines the difference in species richness is a fundamental question in ecology. However, there are few predictions for when and to what degree the differences in species richness between subcommunities will emerge. Here, we investigate the expectation of richness difference in a pair of subcommunities, assuming that species may have different and independent presence probabilities. We then introduce several indices and examine how expected richness difference is determined by the indices. We found that (i) species differences (the average of species presence probabilities in two subcommunities divided by the total presence probability) have inconsistent effects on richness difference; (ii) the degree of spatial heterogeneity (average of differences in species presence probabilities in two subcommunities across species) may, but not always, have a good predictive ability for richness difference; and (iii) the absolute difference in average presence probabilities (site-suitability difference) has robust predictive ability for richness difference unless richness difference is very small. This work provides a theoretical framework for predicting and analyzing species richness difference from presence-absence data based on null models.
Pore-like diffusion barriers in murine cardiac myocytes
Authors: Deisl Christine , Chung Jay A. , Hilgemann Donald W. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUsing both optical and electrical methods, we document that solute diffusion in the cytoplasm of BL6 murine cardiac myocytes becomes restricted >30-fold as molecular weight increases from 30 to 2000, roughly as expected for pores with dimensions of cardiac porin channels. The Bodipy-FL ATP analogue diffuses ∼50-fold slower in BL6 cardiac cytoplasm than in free water. From several fluorophores analyzed, our estimates of bound fluorophore fractions range from 0.1 for a 2 kD FITC-labeled polyethylene glycol to 0.93 for sulforhodamine. We estimate that diffusion coefficients of unbound fluorophores range from 0.5 to 8 x 10-7cm2/s. Analysis of Na/K pump and veratridine-modified Na channel currents confirms that Na diffusion is nearly unrestricted (time constant for equilibration with the pipette tip, ∼20 s). Using three different approaches, we estimate that ATP diffuses 8 to 10-times slower in the cytoplasm of BL6 myocytes than in free water. To address whether restrictions are caused more by cytoplasmic protein or membrane networks, we verified first that a protein gel, 10 gram% gelatin, restricts solute diffusion with strong dependence on molecular weight. Solute diffusion in membrane-extracted cardiac myofilaments, confined laterally by suction into large-diameter pipette tips, is however less restricted than in intact myocytes. Notably, myofilaments from equivalently extracted skeletal (diaphragm) myocytes restrict diffusion less than cardiac myofilaments. Solute diffusion in myocytes with sarcolemma permeabilized by β-escin (80 µM) is similarly restricted as in intact myocytes. Diffusion restriction in cardiac myocytes is strain-dependent, being about two-fold greater in BL6 myocytes than in myocytes with a CD1/J6/129svJ background. Furthermore, diffusion is 2.5-fold more restricted in CD1/J6/129svJ myocytes lacking the mitochondrial porin, Vdac1, than in WT CD1/J6/129svJ myocytes. We conclude that both myofilaments and mitochondria networks restrict diffusion in cardiac myocytes. As a result, long-range solute diffusion may preferentially occur via passage through porin channels and intramembrane mitochondrial spaces, where diffusion is less restricted than in myofilament spaces.
Incorporating models of subcortical processing improves the ability to predict EEG responses to natural speech
Authors: Lindboom Elsa , Nidiffer Aaron , Carney Laurel H. , Lalor Edmund 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe goal of describing how the human brain responds to complex acoustic stimuli has driven auditory neuroscience research for decades. Often, a systems-based approach has been taken, in which neurophysiological responses are modeled based on features of the presented stimulus. This includes a wealth of work modeling electroencephalogram (EEG) responses to complex acoustic stimuli such as speech. Examples of the acoustic features used in such modeling include the amplitude envelope and spectrogram of speech. These models implicitly assume a direct mapping from stimulus representation to cortical activity. However, in reality, the representation of sound is transformed as it passes through early stages of the auditory pathway, such that inputs to the cortex are fundamentally different from the raw audio signal that was presented. Thus, it could be valuable to account for the transformations taking place in lower-order auditory areas, such as the auditory nerve, cochlear nucleus, and inferior colliculus (IC) when predicting cortical responses to complex sounds. Specifically, because IC responses are more similar to cortical inputs than acoustic features derived directly from the audio signal, we hypothesized that linear mappings (temporal response functions; TRFs) fit to the outputs of an IC model would better predict EEG responses to speech stimuli. To this end, we modeled responses to the acoustic stimuli as they passed through the auditory nerve, cochlear nucleus, and inferior colliculus before fitting a TRF to the output of the modeled IC responses. Results showed that using model-IC responses in traditional systems analyses resulted in better predictions of EEG activity than using the envelope or spectrogram of a speech stimulus. Further, it was revealed that model-IC derived TRFs predict different aspects of the EEG than acoustic-feature TRFs, and combining both types of TRF models provides a more accurate prediction of the EEG response.x
Genomic relationships among diploid and polyploid species of the genusLudwigiaL. sectionJussiaeausing a combination of molecular cytogenetic, morphological, and crossing investigations
Authors: Barloy D. , Portillo - Lemus L. , Krueger-Hadfield S. A. , Huteau V. , Coriton O. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe genusLudwigiaL. sectionJussiaeais composed of a polyploid species complex with 2x, 4x, 6x and 10x ploidy levels, suggesting possible hybrid origins. The aim of the present study is to understand the genomic relationships among diploid and polyploid species in the section Jussiaea. Morphological and cytogenetic observations, controlled crosses, genomicin situhybridization (GISH), and flow cytometry were used to characterize species, ploidy levels, ploidy patterns, and genomic composition across taxa. Genome sizes obtained were in agreement with the diploid, tetraploid, hexaploid, and decaploid ploidy levels. Results of GISH showed that progenitors ofLudwigia stolonifera(4x) wereLudwigia peploidessubsp.montevidensis(2x) andLudwigia helminthorrhiza(2x), which also participated for one part (2x) to theLudwigia ascendensgenome (4x).Ludwigia grandiflorasubsp.hexapetala(10x) resulted from the hybridization betweenL. stolonifera(4x) andLudwigia grandiflorasubsp.grandiflora(6x). One progenitor ofL. grandiflorasubsp.grandiflorawas identified asL. peploides(2x). Our results suggest the existence of several processes of hybridization, leading to polyploidy, and possibly allopolyploidy, in the section Jussiaea due to the diversity of ploidy levels. The success of GISH opens up the potential for future studies to identify other missing progenitors inLudwigiaL. as well as other taxa.