bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data Driven Shear Wave Velocity Prediction in a Carbonate Reservoir Using Conventional Well Logs
Authors: Esmaeilpour S. , Ispas I. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Geomechanical characteristics such as Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, and Lamé parameters may be estimated using a combination of compressive and shear velocities. The static characteristics of formations and in-situ stresses may be estimated using these parameters. Sonic logs aren't typically available, especially for older wellbores. Additionally, on several occasions where the sonic logs have been made accessible, they are usually P-waves, and shear wave velocities are not present. Unfortunately, because of the significant expense associated with this log, it is not extensively utilized. Obtaining the shear wave velocity of rocks in a more efficient and cost-effective manner is necessary. Since well logs are vital in the reservoir characterization and development process, methods for approximating missing log information are essential. According to the literature, there is no specific straightforward correlation that could be utilized to accurately determine shear wave travel times based on well log data. The primary objective of this study is to predict shear wave velocity logs from conventional wire-line logs at the Wellington oil field in south central Kansas. This leads to the study's main idea. This research focuses on establishing a meaningful correlation between conventional logs and shear wave velocity in a cost-effective manner utilizing various approaches and data mining. The Wellington oil field, located in south central Kansas, is the subject of this research. Empirical correlations, linear regression, and neural networks were used initially to predict shear wave velocity. Ultimately, the data-driven model developed using standard well logs accurately predicts shear wave velocity in the Wellington oil field, demonstrating its reliability and effectiveness. Therefore, while direct measurement of shear wave sonic velocities is preferable, derived values can still provide useful insights when direct measurements are not possible or practical.

INTRODUCTION
Characterizing variations in petrophysical parameters over an oil and gas field's sedimentary interval is essential to its development (Archie, 1950). Consequently, laboratory measurements on core plugs, analysis of petrophysical well logs, and seismic inversion all contribute to the development of valuable estimations of reservoir physical parameters. The optimum way for determining uncertainty in predictions is to combine these several approaches, which have direct consequences for risk control in drilling operations (Pennington, 2001).
Blue Hydrogen Production from Oil Using Partial Oxidation and Aquathermolysis
Authors: Fakher Sherif , Tamer Sara , Eltohamy Mohamed , Abdelaty Bassel , Ali Maryam 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Hydrogen is currently viewed as an extremely promising future source of energy that is both energy dense and environmentally friendly. One of the main issues with hydrogen is its production, which is extremely costly and thus results in a higher energy input than output. This research proposes a new method for hydrogen production using oil to reduce the reliance on freshwater and reduce the overall cost of the hydrogen generation. The research reviews all the conventional processes of producing blue hydrogen using natural gas, and studies the applicability of using oil as the feedstock instead of gas. The research then introduces a novel experimental setup to study hydrogen production from oil and highlights the advantages and limitations of the process. Finally, the research investigates the utilization of ash as a catalyst for blue hydrogen production from oil. This research can help increase the production of blue hydrogen by increasing the sources that can be used for blue hydrogen production. It also helps highlight the advantages and limitations of blue hydrogen production from oil and the main industrial methods that can be used for this application based on existing hydrogen production plants.

INTRODUCTION
Hydrogen is considered one of the main energy contributors of the future. It is usually produced from a hydrogen rich compound, mainly hydrocarbons or water (Fakher, S. et al., 2020; 2021; 2022). Due to the vast number of hydrogen production methods, hydrogen is usually classified as a color based on its source, process used to produce it, and if any greenhouse gas emissions are associated with its production (Fakher, S. and Fakher, A., 2021). Figure 1 shows all the common hydrogen colors, their source, and the main processes used to produce them (Fakher, S., 2020). As shown in Figure 1, several hydrogen colors are associated with fossil fuels. In order for the hydrogen to be classified as blue, it must originate from a hydrocarbon and have no emissions. This is achieved by coupling the process of hydrogen production with a carbon capture technology (Fakher, S. and Khlaifat, A., 2022).
An Adaptative Well Trajectory Control Method for Drilling Automation
Authors: Junlong Chen , Xueping Tang , Xinmiao Teng , Wenkai Gao 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
It is necessary to take some activities to correct the well-trajectory when it deviated from the designed well-path for the complex structural wells. In order to reduce the deviation from the planned well-path, we proposed a path following algorithm by backstepping method. The relative distance between the bit and planned well-path was calculated by the true vertical depth (TVD). The first and second order differential equations of the offset were established as the control function. Lyapunov function was constructed not only to verify the global consistent asymptotic stability of the system but also form a build-up rate control method. When the deviation between the real drilling trajectory and the planned well-path has exceeded the allowable threshold value, the algorithm automatically calculates the relative distance and angle, analyses and send the optimal strategy to the steering tools. The results show that the above algorithm can quickly track the designed well-path and ensure to avoiding oscillation. This method can be used in the future downhole closed-loop system.

INTRODUCTION
Downhole closed-loop steering drilling technology primarily employs automatic control systems to achieve dynamic adjustment of wellbore trajectory through real-time monitoring and analysis of borehole trajectory, and to ultimately achieve targeted drilling along the optimal borehole trajectory. After the downhole data is transmitted to the ground in real time, the ground system will dynamically analyse the downhole working conditions, send control instructions to the downhole executive mechanism, and form closed-loop control through two-way transmission of information in order to achieve real-time optimisation of drilling parameters and significantly increase drilling speed and reservoir drilling rate. The design of the downhole closed-loop control is predicated on the mechanical analysis and structure of the drilling instruments. The controller outputs the target curvature results by inputting the current position data (measured depth, inclination, and azimuth), the position and attitude of the target point, and the utmost dogleg that the drilling instrument is capable of achieving. The result of the controller is transmitted to the steering tools, and the interior structures of the bottom hole assembly (BHA) adapt to accommodate the new drilling trajectory.
Formation Evaluation Using in Situ Penetration Testing and Simulation Data
Authors: Shen Xinpu , Fehr Cory 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Values of uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and tensile strength (TS) are two key rock properties which determine the mechanical response of rock under penetration loading. Penetration testing is a popular means for obtaining values of UCS and TS of rock. A novel method has been developed for rock formation parameter identification with in situ penetration testing data obtained in the in situ, intact state. The workflow includes two parts: 1) developing a set of numerical models for simulating the rock penetration process within the in-situ environment. These models include the penetration cone and the rock to be penetrated. Continuum Damage Mechanics (CDM) is used for simulating the fracturing process of rock during penetration. Frictional contact is assigned to the cone-rock interaction. 2) developing a regularized least squares method for parameter identification with the measured data from the in-situ penetration test. A sensitivity matrix is derived for identification of values of UCS and TS of the rock being penetrated. Methodology validation was completed through parameter identification of UCS and TS of a concrete barrel. The values of UCS and TS of the concrete were obtained with a set of lab tests which are conventional processes for UCS and TS measurement. With a given displacement loading of the penetration cone, the 3D numerical model simulated the penetration process. By using the least squares method, a numerical solution of parameter identification for UCS and TS is obtained with a given accuracy tolerance. Contours of damage variables during penetration are presented along with the curves of penetration force vs time. These numerical resultant values of UCS and TS are consistent with the values of UCS and TS obtained with conventional tests. In conclusion, the method was proven to be practical and reliable in identifying the values of UCS and TS with data obtained by the in-situ penetration test
Induced Mechanism of Stope Roof Rockbursts in Underground Excavation
Authors: Deng J. , Wang X. Q. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
A rockburst is defined as a sudden and violent disruption of rock in underground excavation. Rockbursts have been regarded as the least understood and the most feared mining disasters. Excavation-induced stress redistribution may lead to slippage of some pre-existing faults or even a new faulting in the near field of an underground opening. Both fault slippage and faulting generate seismic waves that propagate from the hypocenter outward in the rock mass. It was observed that rockbursts are induced by a seismic event when the seismic waves arrive at the free surface of the underground opening. This paper is aimed to study the mechanism of stope roof rockbursts induced by seismic waves using the dynamic buckling theory. The roof is regarded as a beam on elastic foundations under axial seismic waves. The seismic wave is modelled as an excitation with multiple frequencies. A new numerical algorithm is proposed to construct rockburst (instability) diagrams. Our study shows that the amplitude and frequency of the seismic wave play a critical role in the occurrence of roof rockbursts in terms of the mechanisms of perturbation effect and parametric resonance. Based on the mechanism analysis, insights are provided to alleviate the hazard of roof rockbursts.

INTRODUCTION
In Ontario, Canada, more and more underground mines are operating at depths approximately 3000 meters. With the increase of mining depth, underground mines are generally more prone to ground instability incidents. In underground mines in Ontario, ground instability has been one of the main claims of fatalities. According to statistics, nearly 50 workers were critically injured, and 10 workers died due to rock falls of ground or rockbursts in underground mines in Ontario between 2000 and 2019.
A rockburst is defined as a sudden and violent disruption of rock or disturbances of roof or walls in underground excavation, which is caused by or accompanied by a "shock" or tremor (seismic event) of sufficient magnitude, to cause obvious damage to support and excavations, or widespread simultaneous fall of rock. Rockbursts can be classified in terms of the source mechanism and the damage mechanism (Durrheim 1999).
Predicting Ground Surface Deformation Induced by Pressurized Fractures Using Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Salimzadeh S. , Kasperczyk D. , Kadeethum T. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Hydraulic fracturing has been widely applied in subsurface to facilitate hydrocarbon flow or as a preconditioning method to promote normal caving behavior in mining operations. The success of the method prominently relies on the geometry of the induced fractures in the host rock. An array of high-resolution tiltmeters is commonly used to measure the displacement gradient (tilt angle) of ground surface during hydraulic fracturing operation, and to infer the geometry of the induced fractures. In this work, we present a machine-learned model that is capable of predicting the surface tilt resulting from a pressurized fracture, using Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (cGAN). Fracture apertures along horizontal and vertical planes are given as input while surface tilt vectors are provided as output for the forward model. A 3D finite element model with discrete fractures is utilized as the Full Order Model (FOM) to create training data. The fractures are pressurized uniformly to induce a displacement at the ground surface. Images of the fracture aperture in XY and XZ planes, and surface tilt vector components (tilt X and tilt Y) are used for the training process. Three different loss functions are used, and the predicted tilts are compared to the real (FOM) tilts. The results show that the trained cGAN with Wasserstein loss and gradient penalty (W-model) can predict the ground surface tilt due to the pressurized fractures at variable dip angles.

INTRODUCTION
Hydraulic fracturing has been frequently applied as a preconditioning method to promote normal caving behavior in mining operations. The success of the method prominently relies on the geometry of the induced fractures in the stiff overburden layer. An array of high-resolution tiltmeters is commonly used to measure the displacement gradient (tilt angle) of ground surface during hydraulic fracturing operation, and to infer the geometry of the induced fractures or pressure plumes using simplified models (Lecampion et al., 2005; Salimzadeh et al., 2022).
Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Magnetic High-Titanium Lunar Regolith Simulant for Geotechnical Engineering Application
Authors: Ningxi Zhou , Jian Chen 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
The moon exploration has progressed to the phase of in-situ resource utilization. It is critical to comprehend the unique mechanical response and engineering properties of lunar regolith for successful exploration. Currently, most experimental studies on the mechanical properties of lunar regolith have been conducted on Earth, ignoring the effects of the low-gravity environment of the lunar surface. The geomechanical magnetic model test can simulate the lunar surface's low-gravity environment more accurately using magnetic fields. However, current lunar regolith simulants lack magnetism and cannot meet the requirements of magnetic model tests. To address this, a high-titanium lunar regolith simulant with certain magnetism called IRSM-1 is developed using volcanic ash and titanomagnetite. The new simulant's properties are evaluated, including composition, particle distribution and morphology, magnetic properties, shear strength, and compressibility. The results are compared with published data for lunar regolith samples and widely used simulants. The IRSM-1 simulant is found to have similar composition and geotechnical properties to real lunar regolith. Additionally, the simulant possesses sufficient magnetism to meet the requirements of magnetic model tests. In conclusion, the high-titanium magnetic IRSM-1 simulant displays considerable potential for use in geotechnical engineering applications and may prove instrumental in supporting successful lunar exploration missions.

INTRODUCTION
Since the start of the 21st century, the strategic significance of the Moon in economic, military, and scientific research has increasingly become more prominent. Humanity is experiencing a renaissance of lunar exploration. The exploration of the Moon and the exploitation of its resources have garnered attention from leading space research institutions worldwide. In 2019, NASA proposed the "Artemis" project, with the aim of establishing a lunar base in 2028. Likewise, in 2021, China and Russia jointly launched the "International Lunar Research Station Roadmap" and the "International Lunar Research Station Partner Guide", officially commencing the International Lunar Research Station (ILRS) project. Additionally, Japan, India, Israel, and various other countries and organizations have joined the ranks of lunar exploration. The Moon has emerged as a new focus of space strategies for multiple countries (Pei et al., 2020).
PDC Bit Wear Condition Judgment Based on Object Detection and Computer Vision
Authors: Yang Donghan , Song Xianzhi , Liu Donglei , Guan Zirui , Pan Tao , Zhu Lin , Zhu Zhaopeng 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
In recent years, due to the remarkable advantage of increasing speed and reducing cost, PDC bits has occupied a dominant position in the drilling bits market, becoming the important drilling tools in the petroleum markets. In the drilling process, the bit will wear itself when breaking formation. The abrasion condition of the bit can be divided into two kinds: one is the normal wear, the cutter and rock produce continuous or intermittent friction to break the rock. The process of the friction between the cutter and the rock produces micro-cutting, scratching, rubbing and so on to make the bit wear and blunt. The other kind of wear is abnormal wear, such as tooth collapse, chip drop, polycrystalline diamond layer falls off. The drilling period and drilling costs are affected by the abrasion of the drilling bits, which can lead to reduce the rock breaking efficiency and slower ROP. Therefore, it is necessary to replace the bit in time to ensure the rate of penetration. So, accurate determination of the PDC bit abrasion is very important to achieve safe and efficient drilling. At present the evaluation of bit condition mainly relies on manual and experience to carry out the wear rating of the drilling bit, which is subjective. To evaluate the state of drill bit more accurately, this experiment uses the computer vision and object detection algorithm to judge the condition of drill bit through the image of the bit.

BACKGROUND
Nowadays, roller cone bits and PDC bits are the most commonly used bits in the field of oil drilling. With the continuous improvement of PDC bit cutter technology, PDC bit has become an important tool in petroleum market. Compared with traditional roller cone bits, PDC bits offer significant advantages in cost, rate of penetration and footage per bit when drilling, especially in deep and high-pressure wells.[1] Although PDC bits has high wear resistance, it is inevitable that the PDC bits being worn out. If the bit abrasion reaches a certain degree, the drilling efficiency of the bit will be significantly reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to judge the wear condition of drilling bit accurately and efficiently to realize the safe and efficient drilling.[2]
Impact of Discontinuities with Slip-Weakening Friction on the Structural Deformation of a High-Speed Railway Tunnel inJointed Stratified Rock Masses Under Cyclic Train Loadings
Authors: Zhang Z. X. , Pan W. B. , Wang S. F. , Lei Q. H. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
It is crucial to assess the performance of a high-speed railway tunnel under dynamic train loading since structural deformations may lead to safety-relevant issues, such as train derailment or rollover. The structural deformation of a high-speed railway tunnel results from the train loading-induced response and interaction of tunnel structures and surrounding rock masses. Our research investigates the slippage behavior of discontinuities with slip-weakening friction around a tunnel under dynamic train loadings, and further analyzes their impacts on structural deformations. A distinct element method-based commercial software (UDEC) is used to build a 2D circular tunnel situated in jointed stratified rock masses. We compare the modeling results by the Coulomb slip model and slip-weakening model, and further conduct parametric studies about the bedding plane dip angle, joint length/spacing, and critical slip distance. We report that discontinuities with slip-weakening friction are more prone to be reactivated and ruptured under dynamic train loadings, and the resultant shear displacements of discontinuities associated with rock block deformations and movements would further induce significant structural deformations. Our simulation results have important implications for assessing the performance of a high-speed railway tunnel as well as the safety of train operations.

INTRODUCTION
The rapid development of high-speed railways in China, e.g., the planned Sichuan-Tibet railway line, imposes an increased demand of tunnel construction (Li et al. 2016). Due to the high performance requirements of high-speed train operation, the structural deformation of a tunnel should be carefully examined and controlled to ensure the safety and smoothness of train tracks (Fu et al. 2022; Qian et al. 2019). Some considerable structural deformations have been observed under dynamic train loadings (Wang et al. 2022), as a result of the interaction of tunnel structures and surrounding rock masses (Wang et al. 2020). Discontinuities are widely present in rock masses like stratified sedimentary formations, a typical lithology through which parts of the Sichuan-Tibet railway pass (Chen et al. 2019; Guo et al. 2020). It is expected that the potential shear slippage of these discontinuities under dynamic train loadings could play an important role in structural deformations.