bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune cell proportions correlate with clinicogenomic features and ex vivo drug responses in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Romine Kyle A. , Bottomly Daniel , Yashar William , Long Nicola , Viehdorfer Matthew , McWeeney Shannon K. , Tyner Jeffrey W. 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionThe implementation of small-molecule and immunotherapies in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been challenging due to genetic and epigenetic variability amongst patients. There are many potential mechanisms by which immune cells could influence small-molecule or immunotherapy responses, yet, this area remains understudied.MethodsHere we performed cell type enrichment analysis from over 560 AML patient bone marrow and peripheral blood samples from the Beat AML dataset to describe the functional immune landscape of AML.ResultsWe identify multiple cell types that significantly correlate with AML clinical and genetic features, and we also observe significant correlations of immune cell proportions with ex vivo small-molecule and immunotherapy responses. Additionally, we generated a signature of terminally exhausted T cells (Tex) and identified AML with high monocytic proportions as strongly correlating with increased proportions of these immunosuppressive T cells.DiscussionOur work, which is accessible through a new “Cell Type” module in our visualization platform (Vizome; http://vizome.org/), can be leveraged to investigate potential contributions of different immune cells on many facets of the biology of AML.
Case Report: Effects of multiple myeloma therapy on essential thrombocythemia and vice versa: a case of synchronous dual hematological malignancy
Authors: Krishnan Nupur , Price Russell , Kotchetkov Rouslan 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundDual hematological malignancies, asynchronous or synchronous, are underrecognized entities and are usually suspected when clinical, hematological, or biochemical features cannot be explained by the primary malignancy alone. We present a case of synchronous dual hematological malignancies (SDHMs), where the patient was diagnosed with symptomatic multiple myeloma (MM) and essential thrombocythemia (ET), when excessive thrombocytosis occurred following initiation of MPV (melphalan–prednisone–bortezomib) antimyeloma therapy.Case descriptionAn 86-year-old woman presented to the emergency in May 2016 with confusion, hypercalcemia, and acute kidney injury. She was diagnosed with free light chain (FLC) lambda and Immunoglobulin G (IgG) lambda MM and started MPV (standard of care at that time) treatment with darbopoietin support. At diagnosis, she had normal platelet count since the ET was likely masked by bone marrow suppression due to active MM. After she reached stringent complete remission with no MP detected on serum protein electrophoresis or immunofixation, we noticed that her platelet counts increased to 1,518,000 × 109/L. She was tested positive for mutation in exon 9 of calreticulin (CALR). We concluded that she had concomitant CALR-positive ET. After bone marrow recovery from MM, the ET became clinically apparent. We started hydroxyurea for ET. Treatment for MM with MPV did not affect the course of ET. Presence of concomitant ET did not decrease the efficacy of sequential antimyeloma therapies in our elderly and frail patient.ConclusionThe possible mechanism underlying the occurrence of SDHMs is unclear but is likely due to stem cell differentiation defects. SDHMs can be challenging to treat and warrant several considerations. In the absence of clear guidelines on how to manage SDHMs, management decisions depend on several factors including disease aggressiveness, age, frailty, and comorbidities.
A retinal origin of nystagmus—a perspective
Authors: Kamermans Maarten , Winkelman Beerend H. J. , Hölzel M-B. , Howlett Marcus H. C. , Kamermans Wouter , Simonsz H. J. , de Zeeuw C. I. 
Published: June 2023

Congenital nystagmus is a condition where the eyes of patients oscillate, mostly horizontally, with a frequency of between 2 and 10 Hz. Historically, nystagmus is believed to be caused by a maladaptation of the oculomotor system and is thus considered a disease of the brain stem. However, we have recently shown that congenital nystagmus associated with congenital stationary night blindness is caused by synchronously oscillating retinal ganglion cells. In this perspective article, we discuss how some details of nystagmus can be accounted for by the retinal mechanism we propose.
Case Report: Off-label treatment of idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome with Omalizumab
Authors: Zhang Zhiyu , Sun Yingxin , Chen Su-Ning 
Published: June 2023

Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (IHES) is a rare disease characterized by causeless persistent hypereosinophilia and eosinophilia-associated end-organ damage. Current treatment modalities don’t meet the needs due to adverse events of steroids as first-line therapy and the limited efficacy of second-line treatments, underscoring the need for new therapeutic strategies. Here we presented two cases of IHES with different clinical manifestations that were both refractory to corticosteroids. Patient #1 experienced rashes, cough, pneumonia, and steroid-induced side effects. Patient #2 had severe gastrointestinal symptoms attributed to hypereosinophilia. They both had high levels of serum IgE, didn’t respond well to second-line treatments of interferon-α (IFN-α) and imatinib, and Mepolizumab was not accessible. We then innovatively switched to Omalizumab, an anti-IgE monoclonal antibody approved for allergic asthma and chronic idiopathic urticaria. Patient #1 was treated with Omalizumab 600 mg per month for 20 months; his absolute eosinophil count (AEC) decreased significantly and has stabilized at around 1.0×109/L for 17 months, with complete relief from erythra and cough. Patient #2 recovered promptly from severe diarrhea with a sharp drop in AEC after 3 months of treatment with omalizumab at 600 mg per month. Therefore, we concluded that Omalizumab may be a seminal therapeutic strategy for IHES patients who are refractory to corticosteroids, whether as long-term management of AEC or as an urgent intervention to address severe symptoms caused by eosinophilia.
The role of the SGK3/TOPK signaling pathway in the transition from acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease
Authors: Shu Huapan , Wang Yumei , Zhang Hui , Dong Qingqing , Sun Lulu , Tu Yuchi , Liao Qianqian , Feng Li , Yao Lijun 
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Profibrotic phenotype of renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) featured with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and profibrotic factors secretion, and aberrant accumulation of CD206+ M2 macrophages are the key points in the transition from acute kidney injury (AKI) to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms involved remain incompletely understood. Serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase (SGK) is a serine/threonine protein kinase, required for intestinal nutrient transport and ion channels modulation. T-LAK-cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK) is a member of the mitogen activated protein kinase family, linked to cell cycle regulation. However, little is known about their roles in AKI-CKD transition.Methods: In this study, three models were constructed in C57BL/6 mice: low dose and multiple intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin, 5/6 nephrectomy and unilateral ureteral obstruction model. Rat renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E) were dealt with cisplatin to induce profibrotic phenotype, while a mouse monocytic cell line (RAW264.7) were cultured with cisplatin or TGF-β1 to induce M1 or M2 macrophage polarization respectively. And co-cultured NRK-52E and RAW264.7 through transwell plate to explore the interaction between them. The expression of SGK3 and TOPK phosphorylation were detected by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and western blot analysis.Results:In vivo, the expression of SGK3 and p-TOPK were gradually inhibited in TECs, but enhanced in CD206+ M2 macrophages. In vitro, SGK3 inhibition aggravated epithelial to mesenchymal transition through reducing the phosphorylation state of TOPK, and controlling TGF-β1 synthesis and secretion in TECs. However, SGK3/TOPK axis activation promoted CD206+ M2 macrophage polarization, which caused kidney fibrosis by mediating macrophage to myofibroblast transition (MMT). When co-cultured, the TGF-β1 from profibrotic TECs evoked CD206+ M2 macrophage polarization and MMT, which could be attenuated by SGK3/TOPK axis inhibition in macrophages. Conversely, SGK3/TOPK signaling pathway activation in TECs could reverse CD206+ M2 macrophages aggravated EMT.Discussion: We revealed for the first time that SGK3 regulated TOPK phosphorylation to mediate TECs profibrotic phenotype, macrophage plasticity and the crosstalk between TECs and macrophages during AKI-CKD transition. Our results demonstrated the inverse effect of SGK3/TOPK signaling pathway in profibrotic TECs and CD206+ M2 macrophages polarization during the AKI-CKD transition.
Scapular kinematics and muscle activity during Yi Jin Bang exercises
Authors: Liu Jinde , Hui Stanley Sai-chuen , Yang Yijian , Liu Yanhao , Song Qipeng , Mao Dewei 
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Scapular dyskinesis is commonly associated with subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS). Addressing scapular dyskinesis is widely accepted as an important component of shoulder rehabilitation. Our previous randomized controlled trial showed that Yi Jin Bang (YJB) exercises could effectively manage SAPS, but scapular motions and muscle activity during YJB exercises remain unknown. This study examined scapular kinematics synchronously with scapular muscle activation during YJB exercises.Methods: Thirty healthy participants with no shoulder complaints were enrolled in this study. Three-dimensional (3D) scapular kinematics and electromyography (EMG) activation of the upper trapezius, middle trapezius, lower trapezius, serratus anterior, anterior deltoid, middle deltoid, and posterior deltoid were synchronously measured during nine YJB movements.Results: During all YJB movements, the scapula was upwardly rotated and anteriorly tilted, with more upward rotation and a similar or less anterior tilt than the mean resting scapular angle. Column rotation, arm crossover, shoulder support circle, and armpit support high lift generated more internal rotation than the mean resting scapular angle, with the angles of internal rotation significantly greater than the other five movements (p &lt; 0.001). Regarding EMG activity, all YJB movements elicited low activity (1.42%–19.19% maximal voluntary isometric contraction [MVIC]) from the upper trapezius and posterior deltoid and low to moderate activity (0.52%–29.50% MVIC) from the middle trapezius, lower trapezius, serratus anterior, anterior deltoid, and middle deltoid.Conclusion: YJB exercises could be useful in the middle to later phases of shoulder rehabilitation. For patients with insufficient external rotation, some YJB movements should be prescribed with caution.
Droplet spatial distribution of oil-based emulsion spray
Authors: Gong Chen , Chen Fujun , Cui Bingbo , Wang Aichen , Zhang Zhao , Zhou Zhenjiang , Liu Yufei 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionOil-based emulsion solution is a common pesticide formulation in agricultural spraying, and its spray characteristics are different from that of water spraying. The well understanding of its spray characteristics is the theoretical basis to improve the pesticide spraying technology. The objective of the present study is to deepen the understanding of the spray characteristics of oil-based emulsion.MethodIn this paper, the spatial distribution characteristics of spray droplets of oil-based emulsion were captured visually using the high-speed photomicrography. On the basis of image processing method, the droplet size and distribution density of spray droplets at different spatial locations were analyzed quantitatively. The effects of nozzle configuration and emulsion concentration on spray structures and droplet spatial distribution were discussed.ResultsOil-based emulsion produced a special perforation atomization mechanism compared with water spray, which led to the increase of spray droplet size and distribution density. Nozzle configuration had a significant effect on oil-based emulsion spray, with the nozzle changed from ST110-01 to ST110-03 and ST110-05; the sheet lengths increased to 18 and 28 mm, respectively, whereas the volumetric median diameters increased to 51.19% and 76.00%, respectively. With emulsion concentration increased from 0.02% to 0.1% and 0.5%, the volumetric median diameters increased to 5.17% and 14.56%, respectively.DiscussionThe spray droplet size of oil-based emulsion spray can be scaled by the equivalent diameter of discharge orifice of nozzles. The products of volumetric median diameters and corresponding surface tensions were nearly constant for the oil-based emulsion spray of different emulsion concentrations. It is expected that this research could provide theoretical support for improving the spraying technology of oil-based emulsion and increasing the utilization of pesticide.
Moderating effect of classroom sociable norm on the relations between unsociability and internalizing problems in Chinese adolescents
Authors: Hu Yihao , Bullock Amanda , Zhou Ying , Liu Junsheng 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesThe goal of the present study was to examine the moderating effect of classroom sociable norm on the relations between unsociability and internalizing problems (the indicators included depression, loneliness and self-esteem) in Chinese adolescents.MethodsParticipants wereN = 1,160 adolescents in Grade 4–8 from Shanghai, People’s Republic of China. They completed questionnaires about unsociability, sociability, and social preference via peer nominations, while depression, loneliness, and self-esteem were collected via self-report.ResultsIt was found that unsociability was positively associated with depression and loneliness, and negatively associated with self-esteem. Moreover, the relations between unsociability and indicators of internalizing problems were moderated by classroom sociable norm. More specifically, the significant positive associations between unsociability and depression and loneliness were stronger in classrooms with high sociable norm, and the negative association between unsociability and self-esteem was only significant in such classrooms.ConclusionThe findings suggest that classroom sociable norm plays an important role in unsociable adolescents’ psychological adjustment in China. Researchers should focus more on the influence of classroom environment on adolescents’ development in future.
Catastrophic health expenditure of households with hypertension: a comparative study in China
Authors: Zhai Xiaohui , Zhou Zhongliang , Liu Guanping , Lu Jiao , Zhao Yaxin , Cao Dan , Zhao Dantong , Lai Sha , Fan Xiaojing 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to understand the impact of multimorbidity on catastrophic health expenditures for people with hypertension.MethodsData were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2018, 8,342 adults were included in our analysis. Propensity score matching method was used to compare the risk of catastrophic health expenditures between the hypertension patients (treatment group) and those without any chronic disease (control group) in middle-aged and older adults. Patients with hypertension were also divided into two groups: only hypertension and multimorbidity.ResultsHypertension increased the likelihood of CHE by 11.3% in older adults. Further analysis showed that hypertension alone does not increase the risk of CHE, and the risk of CHE in hypertension patients with multimorbidity was 12.9% higher than those without chronic disease.ConclusionOur study highlights the importance of healthy management of patients with only hypertension and preventing them from developing multimorbidity.
Sodium content in processed food items in Sweden compared to other countries: a cross-sectional multinational study
Authors: Karlsson Karin , Rådholm Karin , Dunford Elizabeth , Wu Jason H. Y. , Neal Bruce , Sundström Johan 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundDietary sodium has a dose-response relationship with cardiovascular disease, and sodium intake in Sweden exceeds national and international recommendations. Two thirds of dietary sodium intake comes from processed foods, and adults in Sweden eat more processed foods than any other European country. We hypothesized that sodium content in processed foods is higher in Sweden than in other countries. The aim of this study was to investigate sodium content in processed food items in Sweden, and how it differs from Australia, France, Hong Kong, South Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States.MethodsData were collected from retailers by trained research staff using standardized methods. Data were categorized into 10 food categories and compared using Kruskal-Wallis test of ranks. Sodium content in the food items was compared in mg sodium per 100 g of product, based on the nutritional content labels on the packages.ResultsCompared to other countries, Sweden had among the highest sodium content in the “dairy” and “convenience foods” categories, but among the lowest in “cereal and grain products,” “seafood and seafood products” and “snack foods” categories. Australia had the overall lowest sodium content, and the US the overall highest. The highest sodium content in most analyzed countries was found in the “meat and meat products” category. The highest median sodium content in any category was found among “sauces, dips, spreads and dressings” in Hong Kong.ConclusionThe sodium content differed substantially between countries in all food categories, although contrary to our hypothesis, processed foods overall had lower sodium content in Sweden than in most other included countries. Sodium content in processed food was nonetheless high also in Sweden, and especially so in increasingly consumed food categories, such as “convenience foods”.
Analysis on the factors associated with COVID-19 infection among Chinese residents after the implementation of the 10 new rules to optimize COVID-19 response: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Li Yunshu , Wang Sunyi , Yang Nan , Shi Yuwen , Yang Yingxiao , Zhu Zhixin , Li Xiuyang 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionThis study aimed to investigate the status of COVID-19 infection and the associated factors among Chinese residents after the implementation of the 10 New Rules to optimize COVID response.MethodsParticipants were recruited using convenience sampling. The study used self-filled questionnaires to examine COVID-19 infection and associated factors among Chinese residents, from December 29, 2022, to January 2, 2023. For the statistical analysis, descriptive and quantitative analyses were used. The potential risk factors for COVID-19 infection were identified by multivariable logistic regression analysis.ResultsAfter the adjustments in control strategies against COVID-19, the infection rate of COVID-19 was high among respondents, and 98.4% of individuals who tested positive showed symptoms including cough, fever, fatigue, headache, sore throat, nasal congestion, sputum production, muscle and joint pain, and runny nose. The main problems respondents reported were the shortage of drugs and medical supplies, the increased burden on families, and the unreliable information source of COVID-19 infection. Logistic regression showed that isolating patients with COVID-19 at home was associated with a lower risk of COVID-19 infection (OR = 0.58, 95%CI: 0.42–0.81).ConclusionCOVID-19 infection among residents is closely related to age, gender, and epidemic prevention measures. The government needs to strengthen education for individuals and centrally manage and properly address difficulties that may arise during COVID-19.
Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis—outcome and time to transplant after biliary diversion according to genetic subtypes
Authors: Sahloul Abdulla , Lainka Elke , Kathemann Simone , Swoboda Sandra , Dröge Carola , Keitel Verena , Al-Matary Yahya Saleh , Berger Michael , Schulze Maren 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundProgressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by progressive cholestasis in early childhood. Surgical therapy aims at preventing bile absorption either by external or internal biliary diversion (BD). Several different genetic subtypes encode for defects in bile transport proteins, and new subtypes are being discovered ongoingly. Overall, the literature is scarce, however, accumulating evidence points to PFIC 2 having a more aggressive course and to respond less favorable to BD. With this knowledge, we aimed to retrospectively analyze the long-term outcome of PFIC 2 compared to PFIC 1 following BD in children at our center.MethodsClinical data and laboratory findings of all children with PFIC, who were treated and managed in our hospital between 1993 and 2022, were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsOverall, we treated 40 children with PFIC 1 (n = 10), PFIC 2 (n = 20) and PFIC 3 (n = 10). Biliary diversion was performed in 13 children (PFIC 1, n = 6 and 2, n = 7). Following BD, bile acids (BA) (p = 0.0002), cholesterol (p &lt; 0.0001) and triglyceride (p &lt; 0.0001) levels significantly decreased only in children with PFIC 1 but not in PFIC 2. Three out of 6 children (50%) with PFIC 1 and 4 out of 7 children (57%) with PFIC 2 required liver transplantation despite undergoing BD. On an individual case basis, BA reduction following BD predicted this outcome. Of the 10 children who had PFIC 3, none had biliary diversion and 7 (70%) required liver transplantation.ConclusionIn our cohort, biliary diversion was effective in decreasing bile acids, cholesterol levels as well as triglycerides in the serum only in children with PFIC 1 but not PFIC 2. On an individual case level, a decrease in BA following BD predicted the need for liver transplantation.
Hybrid Coating of Polystyrene–ZrO2 for Corrosion Protection of AM Magnesium Alloys
Authors: Chávez Luis , Veleva Lucien , Sánchez-Ahumada Diana , Ramírez-Bon Rafael 
Published: June 2023

A hybrid material of polystyrene (PS)–ZrO2 was developed by the sol–gel technique and deposited by spin-coating on AM60 and AM60–AlN nanocomposite surfaces to enhance corrosion resistance in marine environments. PS–ZrO2 with an average thickness of ≈305 ± 20 nm was dispersed homogeneously, presenting isolated micro–nano-structure defects with air trapped inside, which led to an increase in roughness (≈4 times). The wettability of the coated substrates was close to the hydrophobic border (θCA=90°–94°). The coated samples were exposed for 30 days to SME solution, simulating the marine–coastal ambience. The initial pH = 7.94 of the SME shifted to more alkaline pH ≈ 8.54, suggesting the corrosion of the Mg matrix through the coating defects. In the meantime, the release of Mg2+ from the PS–ZrO2-coated alloy surfaces was reduced by ≈90% compared to that of non-coated. Localized pitting attacks occurred in the vicinity of Al–Mn and β–Mg17Al12 cathodic particles characteristic of the Mg matrix. The depth of penetration (≈23 µm) was reduced by ≈85% compared to that of non-coated substrates. The protective effect against Cl ions, attributed to the hybrid PS–ZrO2-coated AM60 and AM60–AlN surfaces, was confirmed by the increase in their polarization resistance (Rp) in 37% and 22%, respectively, calculated from EIS data.