bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of Integrity Loss Detection and Quantification Due to Cracking in Cemented Wells
Authors: Alberdi-Pagola P. , Fischer G. 
Published: January 2023

Summary
The loss of well integrity in oil and gas and CO2 injection wells provokes leaks that potentially pollute underground water reservoirs and the surrounding environment. The present publication reviews the existing literature investigating the loss of well integrity due to damage development in the cement sheath, focusing on qualitative and mainly quantitative information regarding cracks, effective permeability, and leak flows. Methods applied for leak detection on-site are reviewed, and the difficulties of these methods in providing quantitative results are highlighted. The outputs of laboratory experiments and computer simulations, considered essential to complement on-site measurements, are also reported. The review of the existing literature shows that for most of the damaged cement sheaths the observed crack widths range between 1 and 500 µm, the permeability ranges from 10−17 to 10−12 m2, and the leak rates range between 10 and 10 000 mL/min for gas leaks and between 1 and 1000 mL/min for oil leaks.
Carbonated Water Injection Effects on Lacustrine Carbonates of Mupe Member, Lower Purbeck Group (Upper Jurassic), United Kingdom
Authors: de Albuquerque Isabela D. , Bermudez Silvia L. B. , Stael Giovanni C. , Rabe Claudio , Harper Christopher 
Published: January 2023

Summary
This paper describes the study of dissolution and mineralogical alteration caused by saline carbonated water injection (CWI) and its effects on the petrophysical properties (porosity and permeability) of limestone samples from the Mupe Member, composed of lacustrine microbialites from the Upper Jurassic, part of the Purbeck Group lower portion. These limestones are a partial analog of the Brazilian presalt Aptian carbonates, the most important oil reservoir in Brazil. These reservoirs present large amounts of CO2 that are reinjected into the formation, which given the high reactivity of carbonate rocks in the presence of carbonic acid generated by the reaction between CO2 and water, can cause damage to the rock’s pore space. To achieve the proposed objectives, four laminated/massive samples with very low permeability (&lt;5 md) and two vuggy/microbial samples with very high permeability (&gt;1,700 md) underwent laboratory tests carried out before, during, and after CWI, including gas porosity and permeability measurement, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), microcomputed tomography (micro-CT), and ion chromatography. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and petrographic thin-section observations were also performed. The experimental results showed that samples with high permeability showed a small decrease in permeability, possibly indicating formation damage, while low-permeability samples presented a significant increase in permeability with little change in porosity, indicating feasibility for carbon capture and storage (CCS) in similar samples in likewise experimental conditions (20°C and 500 psi). For samples with more pore volumes injected, the pressure stabilization seems to have favored dissolution in the later injection stages, indicated by the highest output of calcium ions. In all samples occurred salt precipitation during injection, especially in the more heterogeneous rocks, presenting a possible issue.
New Formulas for the Trigonometry of Isosceles Triangles
Authors: King Noah 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper discusses a new formula to solve for the angle of isosceles triangles given proportion of differentiated unequivalent edge length versus the always-equivalent edges. The equation is equal to the arcsine of (X/2) multiplied by two. This formula is to be called ‘isn^-1(x)’, short for inverse isosceles sine equivalent. Also discussed is the non-inverse ‘isn(x)’ which is the cyclic function which is determined to correspond as the equivalent of the classic sine formula to isosceles triangles. The formula set is clearly superior and powerful at calculating the angle and measure of any given obtuse or acute triangle of an unclassified type, as well as unifying a simplest-fit formula across all types of triangle. Also discussed are two transform approximation formulas, which help to analyze graphs and samples. Finally, other methods your author has obtained to calculate angles are discussed and disproven in their effectiveness against this article’s formulas at focus, as with any other known angle formulas.
Comparison of Three Machine Learning Models for the Detection of Emails Spam
Authors: Khattab Shadi Ahmed , Alkaied Raed Naser , Ma'aitah Mohammad Khaleel Sallam 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Recently, machine learning has been applied into different major areas such as text classification, machine translation, and spam detection. The great performance of machine learning algorithms into several fields provided the humans with opportunities to tackle some of their hard jobs to be handled by machine learning systems. These tasks seem effortless for machines, and need less time as the amount of texts or spams need to be classified is huge. Hence, in his paper, we propose three different models for the task of emails spam detection. The three models are trained and validated on a public spam dataset. Experimentally, the models performed differently and it was seen that the Naïve Bayes outperformed the other machine learning algorithms in terms of accuracy and other evaluation metrics.
A novel approach to CSF pressure measurement via lumbar puncture that shortens the clinical measurement time with a high level of accuracy
Authors: Yücel Duygu , Ülgen Yekta 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Intracranial pressure (ICP) is an important parameter in clinical management and diagnosis of several neurological diseases. ICP is indirectly measured via lumbar puncture (LP) using a spinal manometer in clinical practice. In routine measurements of cerebrospinal fluid pressure (PCSF) from lumbar region, prolonged measurement times and low accuracy are of great concern. This measurement system consists of a spinal needle used for LP and a spinal manometer to measure PCSF. In this study, the spinal needle-spinal manometer combination was modelled with a first-order differential equation and a time constant (τ ) was defined as the product of the resistance to flow of the needle with the bore area of the manometer divided by the dynamic viscosity of CSF, i.e. τ = RA/ρCSF. Each needle/manometer combination had a unique constant as a predictor of the equilibrium pressure. The fluid pressure in the manometer rose in an exponential manner which was tested in a simulated environment using 22G spinal needles namely Braun-Spinocan, Pajunk-Sprotte and M.Schilling. Curve fitting of the manometer readings were obtained with regression coefficients of R2 ≥ 0,99 to determine measurement time constants. The residual differences between predicted and true values were less than 1,18 cmH2O. For a given needle/manometer combination, time required to reach equilibrium pressure was identical for all pressure levels. PCSF measured at reduced times can easily be interpolated to their equilibrium level allowing clinicians to obtain PCSF values with high accuracy within seconds. This method can be used as an indirect estimation of ICP in routine clinical practice.
Gut microbiota in patients with kidney stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yuan Tianhui , Xia Yuqi , Li Bojun , Yu Weimin , Rao Ting , Ye Zehua , Yan Xinzhou , Song Baofeng , Li Lei , Lin Fangyou , Cheng Fan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Mounting evidence indicates that the gut microbiome (GMB) plays an essential role in kidney stone (KS) formation. In this study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the composition of gut microbiota in kidney stone patients and healthy individuals, and further understand the role of gut microbiota in nephrolithiasis;
Results
Six databases were searched to find taxonomy-based comparison studies on the GMB until September 2022. Meta-analyses were performed using RevMan 5.3 to estimate the overall relative abundance of gut microbiota in KS patients and healthy subjects. Qualitatively summarized the altered diversity, genetic functions and detection capability of gut microbiota in stone patients; Eight studies were included with 356 nephrolithiasis patients and 347 healthy subjects. The meta-analysis suggested that KS patients had a higher abundance of Bacteroides (34.95% vs 21.18%) and Escherichia (4.39% vs 1.78%, P < 0.05), and a lower abundance of Prevotella (8.51% vs 10.4%); Beta-diversity was different between the two groups in four out of the eight studies (P < 0.05). Three studies reported that ten taxa (Bacteroides, Phascolarctobacterium, Faecalibacterium, Flavobacterium, Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, P. aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Rhodobacter and Gordonia) helped the detection of kidney stones P < 0.05). Four studies reported genes or protein families of the GMB involved in oxalate degradation, glycan synthesis, and energy metabolism were altered in patients (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
There is a characteristic gut microbiota dysbiosis in kidney stone patients. Individualized therapies like microbial supplementation, probiotic or synbiotic preparations and adjusted diet patterns based on individual gut microbial characteristics of patients may be more effective in preventing stone formation and recurrence.
Uterine Lipoleiomyoma in a Perimenopausal Woman
Authors: Santamonkunrot Pornchanit , Kantathavorn Nuttavut , Nakpalat Katanyuta 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background

Uterine lipoleiomyoma is a rare tumor of uterus. The authors reported a case of submucosal uterine lipoleiomyoma that presented with vaginal spotting. The clinical presentation, ultrasound imaging, hysteroscopy, and histopathological findings are documented in this report.

Case presentation

A 53-year-old perimenopausal woman presented to our gynecology clinic with vaginal spotting that did not correlate with her menstruation. She had experienced vaginal spotting almost every day for 2 months, but her normal menstruation had occurred 3 months previously. Pelvic examination was unremarkable. Transvaginal ultrasound showed a retroverted uterus with irregularities in the endometrial lining that were suspicious for endometrial polyps as well as an approximately 37- × 39-mm hyperechoic mass with hypoechoic borders at the anterior wall of the uterus. Both ovaries were unremarkable. Endometrial polyps and uterine leiomyoma were suspected. Endometrial sampling revealed endometrial polyps. Hysteroscopy showed a submucosal uterine mass; tissue was sent for pathology, and lipoleiomyoma was confirmed.

Conclusion

Uterine lipoleiomyoma is a rare variant of uterine leiomyoma. No previous reports have described malignant transformation. Therefore, conservative treatment is acceptable if asymptomatic. After the procedure, our patient went into a menopausal transition period and had no symptoms.
Design and analysis of a desktop multi-axis hybrid milling-filament extrusion CNC machine tool for non-metallic materials
Authors: Krimpenis Agathoklis , Iordanidis Dimitrios M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Additive Manufacturing has unlocked the ability to introduce new concepts for parts of very high complexity to the industrial landscape, which could not be manufactured with traditional manufacturing processes in a single or in a small number of steps. However, surface quality of 3D printed parts and process repeatability are low to medium, at least in an industrial context. This study proposes a new design of a fully automated multi-axis hybrid Additive and Subtractive Computerized Numerical Control machine tool for non-metallic parts, which can overcome the drawbacks of both Additive and Subtractive Numerical Manufacturing. It combines the operation a 5-axis CNC machining center with a 5-axis extrusion 3D printer with automated tool head change, which is able to make parts made of polymer and special 3D printing materials (eg. carbon fiber reinforced filaments) of high complexity which require minimal post-processing to produce the final product in the shortest possible time. The design process also includes static, dynamic and harmonic response analysis with the Finite Elements Method, so as to improve design features of the machine tool structure. Results are presented and commented on in terms of machine efficiency to cope with applied loads during operation.
Smell Dysfunction in Patients with Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome: impact on quality of life
Authors: Al-Ezzi Minan , Khan Khalid Saeed , Tappuni Anwar R 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Patients with primary Sjögren’s Syndrome (pSS) often report smell and taste disturbance. However, a correlation between the smell impairment and mucosal dryness is not well understood. The objectives of this study were to investigate: 1) The prevalence of smell hypofunction in patients with SS. 2) The impact of smell hypofunction on the quality of life (QoL) 3) Whether the smell is corelated to xerostomia. 4) Whether the smell function is affected by taste hypofunction, disease duration, age, smoking or with self-reported neuropathy.
Methodology:
An ethically approved cross-sectional study was conducted on 65 female patients with SS and 62 sex-matched healthy controls. The smell was assessed using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test. The taste acuity was assessed using Taste Strips Test. Visual analogue scale was used for self-assessment of the smell and taste functions. Xerostomia was assessed by salivary flow rate, the clinical oral dryness score and Xerostomia Inventory. The QoL and mental health well-being were assessed using validated questionnaires.
Results
In the SS group, the smell function was impaired in 27/65 compared with controls (15/62 p < 0.05) and it did not correlate with the severity of xerostomia, taste acuity (r = 0.05, p = 0.6) or with the self-reported nasal dryness (r=-0.02, p = 0.7). In the patients group, the smell hypofunction was not correlated with disease duration (β = 0.1, 95% CI=-0.07-0.1), or smoking (β=-0.02, 95% CI=-8-7). Age was not correlated with the smell function in the patients’ group (β=-0.1, P = 0.5), but correlated significantly with the smell in the healthy participants group (β=-0.3, P = 0.02). Neuropathy affected 81.2% of the patients group. The QoL and mental health well-being were not affected by the smell hypofunction.
Conclusion
Smell hypofunction appears to be a clinical manifestation in patients with SS, but it does not seem to be associated with the severity of mucosal dryness or with taste disturbance.
Study on Genetic Stability of Wild Rubus sachalinensis Leveille Based on Tissue Rapid Propagation Techniques and ISSR-PCR Reaction System
Authors: Zhu Wenjing , Wang Yanli , Bao Baoquan , Zhao Hongmei , Zhang Ying , Zhang Jinqiao , Xu Jingguang , Zhang Ping , Yue Xin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background： By establishing the tissue rapid propagation system, the rapid propagation and large yield were not affected by external factors, and the scarcity of wild resources was effectively solved. Analysis of test-tube plantlets and wild plantlets by ISSR molecular marker technology to detect the stability of genetic characteristics of test-tube plantlets is of great significance to the study of germplasm resources and medicinal value of Leptospiraea japonica.
Result： The regeneration system of Rubus sachalinensis Leveille was established in this paper by using axillary buds as explants in vitro culture. The results showed that axillary buds of Rubus sachalinensis Leveille were sterilized in 75% alcohol for 40 s and then in 0.1% HgCl2 for 8 min had the best effect, the pollution and the browning rate of the explants reached a rather low level, with the survival rate of 78.34%. The optimum compositions for proliferation culture, strong plant culture and root inducing were MS + 6-BA 2.0 mgL-1 + KT 0.5 mgL-1 + NAA 0.1 mgL-1 + IBA 0.05 mgL-1, MS + 6-BA 2.0 mgL-1 + KT 0.5 mgL-1 + NAA 0.1 mgL-1 + IBA 0.1 mgL-1 + GA3 0.5 mgL-1 and 1/2 MS + IBA 1.5 mgL-1. The proliferation coefficient and rooting rate on these media were up to 7.71, 6.60, and 97.04% respectively. The most suitable transplanting medium for test-tube plantlets was a mixed medium of humus, vermiculite and perlite ( 2 : 1 : 1 v / v ), and the survival rate of transplanting was 100 %. This study was conducted to acquire a large quantity of wide Rubus sachalinensis Leveille plantlets and provide a basis for large-scale production.The tissue culture seedlings were amplified by PCR with simple repeat interval.
Conclusion ：The results showed that the tissue culture seedlings had high genetic stability and low mutation rate compared with wild seedlings.This study not only opens up a new way for the tissue rapid propagation technology of L. japonica, but also lays a foundation for the maintenance of excellent traits and resource protection of L. japonica.
Musashi2 promotes the proliferation and migration of colorectal cancer by down-regulating Numb protein
Authors: Liu Gang , Zhou Jianping , Wang Xu , Gao Wei , Tang Jingtong , Dong Ming 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Several studies have shown that Musashi 2 (MSI2), a posttranscriptional regulator, plays an important role in cancer development. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common form of cancer worldwide. Recent research suggests that MSI2 may be a potential biomarker for liver metastases in patients with colorectal cancer. MSI2 is yet to be studied in terms of its biological functions and mechanisms in CRC.Results Compared to paired normal pancreas, PC tissues showed higher Musashi2 protein levels (P<0.05). IHC staining revealed the expression of MSI2 in 146 patients' colorectal cancer specimens as well as in control samples. An analysis of the correlation between MSI2 expression and clinicopathological variables was performed, which showed that MSI2 is positively associated with the UICC stage (P=0.013) , lymph node metastasis (P=0.017) and Distance metastasis (P=0.037).When MSI2 is silenced, CRC cells are suppressed in proliferation and migration, while Numb knockdown can restore normal functions as a result of downregulation of MSI2. Mechanistically, a Co-immunoprecipitation experience showed that MSI2 is structurally combined with Numb and interacts with downstream proteins (PTEN and N-Cadherin) in CRC cells. In conclusion, these findings indicated that MSI2 regulates the Numb protein, contributing to the development and progression of CRC. CRC development and progression are heavily dependent on MSI2-Numb interaction.
A three-electrode dual-power-supply electrochemical pumping system for ultrafast high-energy-efficiency lithium extraction and recovery
Authors: Sasaki Kazuya , Shin-mura Kiyoto , Honda Shunsuke , Tazoe Hirofumi , Niwa Eiki 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The demand for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) for use in electric vehicles, which is key to realizing a decarbonized society, is accelerating. However, the supply of Li resources has recently become a major issue, thereby necessitating the development of economical and sustainable brine/seawater-based Li extraction technologies. Additionally, resource recovery technologies for recycling Li from spent LIBs must be urgently developed to comply with the imminent mandatory requirements being considered by the European Union for selling electric vehicles. This paper presents an innovative electrochemical pumping technology based on a new cell structure for Li extraction/recovery. Using this system, high-purity Li can be collected with high energy efficiency at least 464 times faster than that via conventional electrochemical pumping, even with a commercially available Li-ion electrolyte plate. In principle, the Li collection rate of this new system can be limitlessly increased. Moreover, the mechanisms underlying the excellent performance have been elucidated.
The development of blood protein profiles in extremely preterm infants follows a stereotypic evolution pattern
Authors: Zhong Wen , Danielsson Hanna , Brusselaers Nele , Wackernagel Dirk , Sjöbom Ulrika , Sävman Karin , Pupp Ingrid , Ley David , Nilsson Anders , Fagerberg Linn , Uhlen Mathias , Hellström Ann 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Early diagnosis and interventions are critical to improve the clinical outcomes of extremely premature infants. Here, we have investigated the blood protein profiles during the first months of life in preterm infants to shed light on the role of early extrauterine development. The blood protein levels were analyzed using “next generation blood profiling” on 1335 serum samples, collected longitudinally at nine time points from birth to full term (40 weeks postmenstrual age) from 182 extremely preterm infants. We found a unified pattern of protein development for all included infants, regardless of gestational age and clinical characteristics, suggesting an age-dependent stereotypic development of blood proteins after birth. This knowledge should be considered in neonatal settings and might alter the clinical approach within neonatology, where postmenstrual age is today the most dominant age variable.
Tanshinone IIA inhibits proliferation and migration by downregulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in small cell lung cancer cells
Authors: Jiang Yuxin , Bi Yanli , Zhou Lingjie , Zheng Senwen , Jian Tingting , Chen Jian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most malignant type of lung cancer. Due to the high rates of metastasis and drug resistance, effective therapeutic strategies are lacking. Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) has been reported to exhibit anti-tumor activity. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the ability of Tan IIA to inhibit the metastasis and proliferation of SCLC and the underlying mechanism. Methods H1688 cells were treated in vitro with Tan IIA (0, 1, 2 and 4 µM) and LY294002 (10 µM) for 24, 48, 72 hours. H1688 cell migration was evaluated in wound healing and transwell migration assays. Expression of genes was evaluated by RNA-sequencing. BALB/c nude mice were injected with H1688 cells and treated with Tan IIA group (10 mg/kg/day) or a control. Expression of E-cadherin, vimentin and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway proteins in tumors and in H1688 was investigated by immunohistochemical analysis and western blot, respectively. Results Tan IIA inhibited H1688 cell proliferation without inducing apoptosis and suppressed H1688 cell migration. E-cadherin expression was increased, while vimentin expression was reduced after administration of Tan IIA. The analysis of RNA-sequencing showed that some genes associated with PI3K/Akt signaling pathway were altered by Tan IIA treatment. Furthermore, western blot detected the expression of PI3K and p-Akt was also reduced by Tan IIA treatment. In vivo, Tan IIA inhibited tumor growth. Furthermore, Tan IIA increased tumoral expression of E-cadherin accompanied by downregulation of PI3K and p-Akt. Conclusion Tan IIA suppresses SCLC proliferation and metastasis by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, thus indicating the potential of Tan IIA as a new and relatively safe drug candidate for the treatment of SCLC.