bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatially-resolved single cell transcriptomics reveal a critical role for γδ T cells in the control of skin inflammation and subcutaneous adipose wasting during chronic Trypanosoma brucei infection
Authors: Quintana Juan , Sinton Matthew , Chandrasegaran Praveena , Lestari Agatha , Heslop Rhiannon , Cheaib Bachar , Ogunsola John , Ngoyi Dieudonne Mumba , Swar Nono Kuispond , Cooper Anneli , Coffelt Seth , MacLeod Annette 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
African trypanosome parasites colonise the skin in a process important for parasite transmission. However, how the skin responses to trypanosome infection remain unresolved. Here, using a combination of spatial and single cell transcriptomics, coupled with in vivo genetic models, we investigated the local immune response of the skin in a murine model of infection. First, we detected a significant expansion of IL-17A-producing γδT cells (primarily Vγ6+) in the infected murine skin compared to naïve controls that occur mainly in the subcutaneous adipose tissue. Second, interstitial preadipocytes located in the subcutaneous adipose tissue upregulate several genes involved in inflammation and antigen presentation, including T cell activation and survival. In silico cell-cell communication suggests that adipocytes trigger γδ T cell activation locally via Cd40, Il6, Il10, and Tnfsf18 signalling, amongst others. Third, mice deficient in IL-17A-producing γδ T cells show extensive inflammation, increased frequency of skin-resident IFNγ-producing CD8+ T cells and limited subcutaneous adipose tissue wasting compared to wild-type infected controls, independent of TH1 CD4+ T cells and parasite burden. Based on these observations, we proposed a model whereby adipocytes as well as Vγ6+ cells act concertedly in the subcutaneous adipose tissue to limit skin inflammation and tissue wasting. These studies shed light onto the mechanisms of γδ T cell-mediated immunity in the skin in the context of African trypanosome infection, as well as a potential role of immature and mature adipocytes as homeostatic regulators in the skin during chronic infection.
Inheritance Taxes and Human Capital Accumulation
Authors: Dudek Maciej , Kruszewski Robert , Kudła Janusz , Walczyk Konrad 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The paper examines the relationship between inheritance taxation and human capital formation. We analyze the standard problem in three different settings and show that the results are sensitive to modeling specifications. The relation of human capital to physical capital and the accumulation rate of both types of capital may be affected by the inheritance tax or not, depending on the perspective of an agent. If human capital is intangible and proxied by wages, the inheritance tax on physical capital detrimentally impacts wages which may indirectly decrease human capital accumulation. If, on the other hand, human capital is purposefully formed by forward-looking economic agents, the rate of investment in human capital accumulation is not affected by the inheritance tax, but the ratio of human to physical capital in equilibrium is higher than it would be if the inheritance was not taxed. Finally, for short-term looking agents, the tax increases the rate of investment in human capital only if tax revenue is rebated to taxpayers. These results suggest that taxing inheritance, coupled with tax rebates, may act as an incentive to increase human capital accumulation.
JEL: E20, H21, H24, J24
Predictors and consequences of subclinical renal impairment in patients with vascular disease
Authors: Somkereki Cristina , Nicoară Tunde Renata , Oprica Mădălina , Demian Liliana , Scridon Alina 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is the most widely used biomarker of kidney function. However, measurement of biomarkers more sensitive than eGFR may be required to detect subtle renal changes and to identify additional predictors and consequences of kidney injury. In the present study, we aimed to identify predictors and consequences of subclinical renal impairment, as reflected by the levels of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and cystatin C.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was performed in 71 consecutive patients with vascular disease. Demographic and anthropometric data, medical history, and ongoing drug therapy were recorded for each patient. Total blood count, hemoglobin, plasma potassium, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, serum creatinine, uric acid, NGAL and cystatin C levels, and eGFR were evaluated in all patients. Potential predictors and consequences of increased NGAL and cystatin C levels were assessed.
Results
History of hypertension, diabetes, and ongoing diuretic therapy were the only independent predictors of decreased eGFR (all p < 0.01). Meanwhile, increased white blood cell count and diuretic usage were independently associated with higher NGAL and cystatin C levels, respectively, and increased uric acid levels were independently associated with higher levels of both biomarkers of kidney injury (all p < 0.05). At their turn, increased NGAL and cystatin C levels were independently associated with lower albumin and HDL-C levels, and increased cystatin C levels were also associated with higher serum potassium (all p < 0.05).
Conclusions
In this study, eGFR values were independently associated with widely known risk factors for impaired renal function. Meanwhile, NGAL and cystatin C evaluation identified more subtle hematologic and biochemical changes related to subclinical kidney injury. These data reinforce the role of NGAL and cystatin C as not only biomarkers of subclinical kidney injury, but also as predictors of subclinical kidney injury-related abnormalities.
Management of acral vitiligo using Narrow band UVB, microneedling with and without platelet rich plasma
Authors: Tawfik Yasmin M. , ELazim Nagwa E. Abd , Bakr Radwa M , Abdel-Khalek Lamiaa A , Gomaa Ahmed S. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Acral vitiligo is usually more resistant to medical management due to minimal density of hair follicles and greater chance of repeated friction or trauma. Objective: To determine efficacy and safety of adding topical platelet rich plasma (PRP) to automated micro needling and narrow band ultra violet B (NB- UVB) in treatment of resistant acral vitiligo and to assess the best treated sites with this combination therapy.
Patients and methods: Forty-two patients with stable acral vitiligo were recruited. lesions at the hand were classified according to their sites into (Dorsum, periungual, knuckles and inversed knuckles)while lesions at the feet were classified into (Dorsum, lateral side and medial side of the feet). One side was treated with automated micro needling and topical PRP (group A) and the other side with automated micro needling only (group B) twice monthly for 3 months. Both sides received NB-UVB phototherapy twice weekly.
Results: One month after the last session, in both groups A and B, a statistically significant better percent of pigmentation was noticed at the dorsum of the hands 38.95 ± 39.81 and 42.11 ± 33.51 respectively followed by inverted knuckles 28.42 ± 37.01 and 25.53 ± 37.19 respectively , while no significant difference was noted in comparing both groups A and B either at the hands or the feet lesions, regarding the percent of regimentation, the percent of change in VASI, change in number of the lesions and color match.
Conclusion: Adding PRP to NB-UVB and micro needling has no significant advantage in treating patients with resistant acral vitiligo. The response to treatment is better in area with hair follicles as the dorsum of the hand and inverted knuckles, while areas over bony prominences (knuckles) and devoid of hair follicles (periungual) are resistant to this combination therapy.
El Barrancazo: a new locality of possible semi-aquatic turtle tracks from the Upper Triassic of Cortes de Pallás (Eastern Iberia)
Authors: Navarro Óscar , Moratalla Joaquín 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This work describes the new vertebrate tracksite named El Barrancazo, located in Cortes de Pallás (Eastern Iberia). The footprints are presented as natural casts distributed in isolated blocks belonging to the Manuel Formation (K2, Keuper facies), deposited during the Carnian Humid Episode (Late Triassic). The blocks come from two beds of the same outcrop. The tracks are made up of sub-parallel digital impressions, displaying occasional curved traces, often without forming a complete outline, and showing a set of features such as lateral and posterior overhangs, longitudinal striations or digital reflectures, among others. These features, taken together with the sedimentological analysis carried out, suggest that animals moving in totally or partially buoyant conditions in a fluvial environment produced most of these tracks. The size and morphology of these paleoichnological impressions suggest that they were probably produced, in some cases, by turtles, adding to the understanding of the paleoenvironmental and paleofaunistic conditions of the Late Triassic of Iberia during the Carnian, a key period in the evolution of different groups of continental vertebrates. The area of Cortes de Pallás concentrates the largest number of vertebrate footprints from the Upper Triassic of Iberia, which allows, by means of the comparative study of the three sites described to date, the analysis of the interaction of the trackmaker organism, animal behavior and substrate in the resulting morphology of the tracks made under subaqueous conditions.
Evaluation of Indoor Air Quality by Indoor Environmental Index in Market Places in Istanbul/Türkiye during Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: GÜNEY Hakan , SAADA Bayan , SARI Bülent , KESKİNKAN Olcayto 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

This is the first study to evaluate the indoor air quality of markets using the “Indoor Environmental Index”. In the study, carbon dioxide (CO2), relative humidity, temperature, particulate matter, and total volatile organic compounds were measured as indoor air quality parameters in four different markets in Istanbul during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were analyzed and evaluated using IBM SPSS Statistics 22 program. While CO2, PM2.5, PM10, humidity, and temperature had a statistically significant difference in different markets, no statistically significant difference was found for NO2 and total volatile organic compounds (p > 0.05). Considering the different hours in a day, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference for all parameters. The highest and strongest correlation between the parameters was found between PM2.5 and PM10 (r = 0.703, p < 0.01). The IEI values for 4 different markets in different time intervals in a day were found as 6.862, 6.775, 8.816, and 6.244, respectively. The highest and lowest Indoor Environmental Index values were calculated in market2 (7,525) and market4 (4,936), respectively. Indoor air quality parameters had an impact on the IEI results as they affected the pollution index and the discomfort index. As a result of the study, it was seen that the density of customers and products, the size of the closed area of the markets, and the capacity of ventilation equipment affect the indoor air quality. All these results were evaluated and suggestions were made about the visit times to the markets.
To evaluate the efficacy of Feracrylum as a haemostatic agent following minor oral surgery
Authors: Singh Heera , Khan Zaid Ali , Kishor Krishna , Singh Abhishek 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Purpose- The purpose of this study was to evaluate the versatility of Feracrylum as a haemostatic agent following minor oral surgery, without altering the regimen of an anti-platelet drug. Method- The post-operative bleeding was assessed in 100 patients on anti-platelet drug following minor oral surgical procedure by comparing the Feracrylum group with the saline-soaked gauze as pressure pack. Result- In group 1, 100% of the patients has an ooze from the surgical site while group 2 only 18% of the patients had an ooze from the surgical site after 2 minutes and 5 minutes with the p-value of 0.012. In group 1 the bleeding was significant while in group 2 the bleeding was not significant at 24 hrs, 2nd and 3rd post-operative day with the p-value of 0.01 and 0.135 respectively. Conclusion- Feracrylum is an effective way to stop the bleeding locally following minor surgery in the oral cavity for patients taking anti-platelet drug with least absorption of the drug into systemic circulation.
Quantitative Assessment of Software Security by Quantum Technique Using Fuzzy TOPSIS
Authors: Nadeem Mohd. , Ahmad Masood , Ansar Syed Anas , Pathak Prabhash Chandra , Khan Raees Ahmad 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Quantum computer development attracts the security experts of software. The rapid development of number of qubit in quantum computer makes the present security mechanism of software insecure. Software developers need to pay attention to the development of quantum computers in terms of software security. Software security evaluation focuses on the fundamental security features of software as well as the quantum enable security alternatives. The software security evaluation is the most crucial part of surveying, controlling, and administering security in order to further improve the properties of safety. It's crucial to understand that performing a security assessment early on in the development process can help you find bugs, vulnerabilities, faults, and attacks. In this quantitative study, the definition and use of the quantum computing security approach in software security will be covered. The cryptographic calculations had to secure our institutions based on computer and network. The Fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Situation (Fuzzy-TOPSIS) is to quantitatively assess the rank of the quantum enable security alternatives with security factors. The Quantum Key Distribution, quantum technique of security has got the top priority in the estimation of software security during the era of quantum computer. The quantum mechanism of computing makes the classical computing insecure. The assessment of software security is tried to evaluate factors and its impact on alternatives mathematically.
Polymorphism of Nicotinamide Riboside Chloride and Crystal Structure Determination of the Most Stable Crystalline Form
Authors: Wu Dedong , Wu Branden , Wei Pingrong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Three crystalline forms of nicotinamide riboside chloride (NR-Cl), namely Form A, Form B and Form C, were prepared and characterized. Form A and Form B are true polymorphs of anhydrous forms, while Form C is a pseudo-polymorph of a methanolate solvate form. Physical stability relationship among these three crystalline forms was established, and the crystal structure of the most stable form, Form B, was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
Influence of Diamond Tool Quality on Surface Roughness and Methods of Improving Surface Roughness
Authors: Zhuang Guilin , Liu Hanzhong , Zong Wenjun , Cui Zhipeng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Spherical/aspherical mirrors are widely used in optical and imaging systems, but their reflectivity is influenced by the surface roughness values. In this paper, the influence of the quality of diamond tool on the surface roughness of workpiece is systematically studied. The quality of diamond tools can be divided into two categories: the waviness of tool tip and the quality of cutting edge of diamond tools. The full arc waviness of diamond tools is obtained by Gauss filtering method, and the evaluation accuracy is equivalent to that of commercial testing equipment. According to Hertz contact theory and three-dimensional topography of diamond cutting edge surface, the friction coefficient model between cutting edge and workpiece is established. According to the stress of the material, the relationship between the three-dimensional shape of the cutting edge and the elastic recovery is obtained. Passivating the cutting edge of the tool improves the quality of the cutting edge and finally improves the quality of the machined surface. In order to ensure the waviness of the tool tip arc, this paper puts forward a method to restrain the wear of diamond tools. In order to restrain tool wear, the combination of diamond tool crystal plane and diamond material were optimized in this paper. Through the above theoretical analysis and influence law, it can provide guidance for the subsequent high-quality machining of spherical/aspheric surfaces.
A Novel Radiographic Analysis System for Subaxial Cervical Spine Pedicle Screw Placement
Authors: Ding Baozhi , Zhou Tangjun , Ma Hui , Zhao Jie 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Precise pedicle screw placement of the subaxial cervical spine is difficult. Not every hospital is equipped with a guidance system that can provide effective help. Computed tomography (CT) scanning is almost a routine preoperative examination for cervical spine surgery in all hospitals. Appropriate measurement and analysis of the CT images could assist optimal cervical pedicle screw placement. The purpose of this study is to propose a new and universal method using computed tomography (CT) morphological parameters analysis to assist optimal cervical pedicle screw placement from C3 to C7.
Methods
A localization system with six parameters was designed based on preoperative CT reconstruction to guide subaxial cervical spine pedicle screw placement. The six parameters were distance from the starting point to the midline [D1], distance from the starting point to the lower edge of the inferior articular process [D2], transverse section angle [TSA], sagittal section angle [SSA], pedicle width [PW], and pedicle height [PH]. The six parameters were analyzed in 53 participants.
Results
Combining D1 and D2 could localize the entrance of the pedicle screw, and we concluded that D1 and TSA and D2 and SSA could be a new standard for determination of the transverse and sagittal orientation of the pedicle screw. The six parameters were closely related to the patient’s gender, height, and weight. PH and PW were linearly correlated and could guide selection of the appropriate pedicle screw. SSA was an independent parameter of the relevant vertebral body, and changes in SSA had nothing to do with the curvature or posture of the cervical spine.
Conclusions
Understanding and applying the six-parameter localization system are essential for achieving accurate and optimal pedicle screw placement in subaxial cervical spine, regardless of cervical sagittal alignment.
Monitoring of soil nutrient levels by an EC sensor during spring onion (Allium fistulosum) cultivation under different fertilizer treatment
Authors: Vyavahare Govind , Lee Yejin , Seok Yeong Ju , Kim Hanna , Sung Jwakyung , Park Jin Hee 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Balanced nutrients are essential for healthy plant growth, but there is no sensor available to monitor essential nutrients such as N and K. Electrical conductivity (EC) is one of the key parameters that could be adopted to monitor these nutrient contents because soil EC is influenced by available nutrients. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to examine the effects of different basal fertilizers including inorganic, organic, and compost fertilizers, and the application ratio of basal and additional fertilizers on nutrient contents by EC sensor. The applied basal and additional fertilizer ratios were N 30:70, K 40:60, and N 20:80, K 20:80, respectively, for each fertilizer treatment. EC sensor value was positively associated with water content. Soil EC response increased with the application of inorganic fertilizer and fertigation and was positively correlated with soluble nutrients and exchangeable ammonium. The principal component analysis also determined that inorganic fertilizer was positively associated with sensor EC, soluble Na, Ca, Mg, and nitrate among the variables. This work suggested that soil available nutrients especially N can be monitored by an EC sensor which can be used to control soil nutrient status for better plant growth.
A novel oxidative stress-related gene signature to predict prognosis in cervical cancer
Authors: Wang Zhao , Feng Yue , Liu Xueting , Liu Yujie , Sun Di , Zhang Yunyan , Dong Kexian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background Oxidative stress is closely correlated with tumor development and progression, which can act as a latent treatment target for cancer. The purpose of this study was to identified the oxidative stress-related gene (OSRG) profile of cervical cancer and established a novel prognostic prediction model.
Methods Differentially expressed OSRGs between cervical cancer and paired normal tissues were extracted from the GeneCards and GEPIA databases. Clinical information was collected from patients with cervical cancer in TCGA cohort. Univariate Cox analysis together with the LASSO algorithm were used to determine prognosis-related genes, construct an OSRG-signature, and derive risk scores. Kaplan–Meier (K-M) survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to verify the predictive ability of the risk scores. At the same time, the correlation between risk scores and tumor immune cell infiltration and chemosensitivity was observed.
Results An 10-OSRG signature was constructed. Patients with cervical cancer were categorized as high-risk or low-risk through the median risk score derived from the 10-OSRG signature. As shown by survival analysis, the median overall survival (OS) time of high-risk patients was significantly shorter than that of low-risk patients. The ROC curves also demonstrated the usefulness of the 10-OSRG signature for predicting the prognosis of cervical cancer patients. The risk scores derived from the 10-OSRG signature and 5 clinical variables were used to develop a nomogram, which can be used to predict 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates in patients with cervical cancer. Immunological analysis suggested that the tumor killer immune cells in the low-risk group were higher than those in the high-risk group. The sensitivity of the two subgroups to various chemotherapy drugs were different.
Conclusion A novel 10-OSRG signature was constructed and verified to forecast the prognosis of patients with cervical cancer and provide novel insights and directions for cervical carcinoma.