bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF NON‐PENETRATING CARDIOTHORACIC TRAUMA
Authors: Anderson D R 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYThe management of trauma to any organ system follows a clearly defined pattern of five steps. For convenience these are known as the 5 Rs and are resuscitation, review, repair, recovery and finally rehabilitation. It is unusual for a single system to be injured in isolation and therefore in the management of trauma it is important to consider the patient as a whole and to direct attention to the vital systems first before moving on to consider non‐life threatening injuries. The management of cardiothoracic trauma is no exception to this dictum.
IS THERE ANY RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PICA AND LIVER FAILURE ?
Authors: Ergün Y , Paydas S , Seyrek N , Seyrek E 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYPica is defined as the compulsive eating of anything and has been known for more than a hundred years. It is a worldwide problem which can be seen in every race, age, sex and geographic region. Its true incidence is not known and may be greater than expected. Although it is a widespread phenomenon, the causes and risk factors of pica are not well established. Clinical signs and symptoms of pica syndrome are numerous but liver disorder associated with this syndrome is not widely reported. We reported here liver disorder possibly related with pica.
PERIORBITAL NECROTIZING FASCIITIS: TRIVIAL FACIAL INJURY RESULTING IN CARDIAC ARREST
Authors: Kiely P D W , Gilvarry A 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYFacial injuries in the context of alcohol abuse are a common presentation to casualty departments. While the majority are self limiting, the presence of periorbital or facial oedema should alert physicians to the development of periorbital necrotizing fasciitis. Here, a case illustrates this unusual manifestation of streptococcal infection, and emphasises the rapid onset and devastating systemic and local cosmetic consequences of this condition.
Stressful experiences and coping strategies of parents of young children with Down syndrome: A qualitative study
Authors: Celik Pelin , Kara Uzun Aysun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have focused mostly on the negative experiences of parents of children with Down syndrome. We aimed to explore both the stressful experiences and coping strategies of parents from a non‐Western country.MethodsTwenty‐six parents of children aged 8–48 months with Down syndrome were included. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted, and the data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThe main themes of the stressful experiences were emotional burdens, caregiving burdens, struggle against stigma and discrimination, concerns about the future, challenges related to health, education, and financial issues. Parents used a variety of coping strategies to overcome the challenges by seeking support and help, searching for information, accepting and adapting, and adopting optimistic attitudes.ConclusionAlthough being a parent of a child with Down syndrome has many challenges, most parents effectively used coping strategies and adapted their lives to their new parental roles in their child's early years.
Model and experiment of shrinkage effect during hypobaric storage of Agaricus bisporus
Authors: Dai Bin , Kan Ankang , Xie Jing , Wang Ning , Song Liji 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study presents a comprehensive multiphase porous media model with thermo‐hydro‐mechanical (THM) bi‐directional coupling for hypobaric storage of porous food. Agaricus bisporus is used as a case study, and the proposed model is compared to the thermo‐hydro (TH) coupling model, which does not consider product shrinkage. The results indicate that the THM model is more sensitive to pressure changes, accurately simulates the development of the evaporation front, and considers the edge gradient effect. The model is validated through experiments and provides a deeper understanding of the mechanism of heat and mass transfer of porous food under low pressure. Increasing humidity reduces product shrinkage. The model's average relative errors for pressure, temperature, weight loss, and shrinkage are 3.64%, 0.06%, 6.07%, and 4.76%, respectively. This model can be used to optimize the hypobaric storage process and improve product quality.Practical applicationsIn this manuscript, a multiphase porous media model with THM bi‐directional coupling for the process of hypobaric storage was developed. Taking A. bisporus as an example, pressure, temperature, weight loss, and shrinkage were predicted. In addition, the effect of humidity on shrinkage of porous food during hypobaric storage has also been studied. In engineering practice, the model can be used to optimize the hypobaric storage process and evaluate product quality.
Associations between abdominal obesity indices and pathological features of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: Chinese visceral adiposity index
Authors: Li Ruifang , Liu Jie , Han Ping , Shi Ruifang , Zhao Lili , Li Jia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and AimMany abdominal obesity indices such as waist circumference (WC), lipid accumulation product (LAP), visceral obesity index (VAI), and Chinese VAI (CVAI) have been considered to be associated with the risk of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the association between abdominal obesity indices and the pathological features of NAFLD is uncertain. This study aims to explore the associations between these indices and the pathological features of NAFLD.MethodsA total of 147 patients with biopsy‐confirmed NAFLD were enrolled in the final analysis. General information, biochemical tests, and pathological information of patients were collected. VAI, LAP, and CVAI were calculated. Spearman's correlation analysis and logistics regression analysis were applied to assess the relationship between abdominal obesity indices and the pathological features of NAFLD. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were used to assess the value of abdominal obesity indices in predicting liver fibrosis and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis.ResultsNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease activity score (NAS) ≥ 5 significantly correlated with WC, LAP, VAI, and CVAI both in univariate and multivariate analyses (P < 0.05). Fibrosis was significantly and positively correlated with WC, LAP, and CVAI (P < 0.05). After adjustment for potential confounders, fibrosis remained associated with CVAI (P < 0.05).ConclusionCVAI is significantly associated with the pathological features of NAFLD, and CVAI shows the most superior efficacy in diagnosing fibrosis among these indices.
PrabotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of glabellar lines in adults, 65 years of age and older: The fourth in a series of post hoc analyses of the phase III clinical study data
Authors: Cox Sue Ellen , Ascher Benjamin , Avelar Rui L. , Beer Kenneth R. , Carruthers Jean , Cartier Hugues , Fagien Steven , Solish Nowell 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite the absence of Phase III clinical trial data to support their use, 3.4% of all neurotoxin treatments performed internationally for esthetic purposes in 2020 were performed in patients 65 years of age and older.ObjectivesTo investigate the efficacy and safety of prabotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of moderate to severe glabellar lines in the subset of Phase III clinical trial participants who were 65 years of age and older.MethodsPost hoc analyses were performed on all patients who had been treated with a single dose of 20 U prabotulinumtoxinA in the three 150‐day, placebo‐controlled Phase III glabellar line clinical studies. Patients were grouped by age: ≥65 years (n = 70) versus <65 years (n = 667). The endpoints of primary interest were the proportion of responders with a ≥1‐point improvement from baseline at maximum frown on the 4‐point Glabellar Line Scale and treatment‐related adverse events.ResultsFor the efficacy endpoint of primary interest, responder rates among patients 65 years of age and older were numerically less than those of patients less than 65 years by an absolute mean difference of just −2.7% across all visits; none of the differences at any visit were statistically significant. The most common treatment‐related adverse event was headache, occurring in 5.7% of those 65 years of age and older and in 9.7% of those less than 65 years.Conclusions20 U prabotulinumtoxinA administered for the treatment of glabellar lines was efficacious in patients 65 years of age and older; it was also well tolerated by this cohort.
Longitudinal trends in temporomandibular joint disorder symptoms, the impact of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment: A 20‐year prospective study
Authors: Myllymäki Emmi , Heikinheimo Kaisa , Suominen Auli , Evälahti Marjut , Michelotti Ambrosina , Svedström‐Oristo Anna‐Liisa , Rice David P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundStudies on the association between malocclusion and temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) have reported conflicting results.ObjectivesTo determine the impact of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment on symptoms of TMD.MethodsAt 12 years, 195 subjects fulfilled a questionnaire regarding TMD symptoms and participated in an oral examination including preparation of dental casts. The study was repeated at ages 15 and 32. The occlusions were assessed by applying the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) Index. Associations between the changes in PAR scores and TMD symptoms were analysed with the chi‐square test. A multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of TMD symptoms at 32 years predicted by sex, occlusal traits and orthodontic treatment history.ResultsOne in three subjects (29%) was orthodontically treated. Sex was associated with more self‐reported headaches by females at 32 years (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.05–5.4; p = .038). At all time points, any crossbite was significantly associated with greater odds for self‐reported temporomandibular joint (TMJ) sounds at 32 years (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.1–11.6; p = .037). More specifically, association occurred with posterior crossbite (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.1–9.9; p = .030). At 12 and 15 years, boys whose PAR score increased were more likely to develop TMD symptoms (p = .039). Orthodontic treatment had no impact on the number of symptoms.ConclusionsPresence of crossbite may increase the risk of self‐reported TMJ sounds. Also, longitudinal changes in occlusion may have an association with TMD symptoms while orthodontic treatment is not associated with the number of symptoms.
Association between neonatal phototherapy and sleep: The Japan Environment and Children's Study
Authors: Hotta Masashi , Ueda Kimiko , Ikehara Satoyo , Tanigawa Kanami , Nakayama Hirofumi , Wada Kazuko , Kimura Tadashi , Ozono Keiichi , Sobue Tomotaka , Iso Hiroyasu ,   Japan Environment and Children's Study Group
Published: April 2023

SummaryThis observational cohort study aimed to evaluate the association between the duration of neonatal phototherapy and sleep‐and‐wakefulness states at 1 month, 1.5 years, and 3 years of age. We analysed data from 77,876 infants using the Japan Environment and Children's Study, a nationwide birth cohort study. The participants were divided into three groups: no phototherapy, short phototherapy (1–24 h), and long phototherapy (>24 h). Multiple regression analysis was performed to assess the effect of phototherapy duration on infant sleep at each age after adjusting for potential risk factors. A longer duration of phototherapy was associated with a shorter sleep time over 24 h at 1 month of age (β, −0.62; SE, −0.77 to −0.47) when compared with a shorter duration of, or no, phototherapy, following the adjustment of confounding factors. Contrastingly, the short duration group, when compared with the no phototherapy group, was associated with later sleep onset (β, 0.04; SE, 0.00–0.08) and later sleep offset (β, 0.05; SE, 0.01–0.09) at 1.5 years of age. We concluded that the duration of phototherapy may be transiently associated with sleep duration in infants, as emphasised by the shortening of the total sleep time per 24 h at 1 month of age.
Value chains and market access for aquaculture products
Authors: Ababouch Lahsen , Nguyen Kim Anh Thi , Castro de Souza Marcio , Fernandez‐Polanco Jose 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAquaculture contributes significantly to global food security, poverty alleviation, and international fish trade. Aquaculture products have become some of the most globalized food commodities, attracting the interest of diverse stakeholders that scrutinize industry developments, through the lenses of the global value chain (GVC) approach to analyze and understand the dynamics and roles at value chain nodes of key players, economic costs and benefits, value addition and value creation and to develop policy options and suitable market instruments for the promotion of sustainable aquaculture. Key characteristics of the aquaculture GVC are that most of the production takes place in developing countries, involving mostly small‐scale operators, while 60 to 70% of the demand (in value) occurs in Europe, North America, and Japan. As a consequence, the institutional and operational capacity of the producing countries is challenged to comply with increasingly demanding regulations and standards for consumer protection, social, and environmental requirements in order to participate actively in the aquaculture GVC. This article reviews the current status and the issues facing aquaculture value chains. It focuses on the challenges and perspectives for aquaculture value chain development, their main drivers, implications, and opportunities for the future of the aquaculture GVC.
Dietary monosodium glutamate increases visceral hypersensitivity in a mouse model of visceral pain
Authors: Brant Bailey J. A. , Yu Yang , Omar Amal Abu , Jaramillo Polanco Josue O. , Lopez Lopez Cintya D. , Jiménez Vargas Nestor N. , Tsang Quentin , McDonell Abby , Takami Kaede , Reed David E. , Lomax Alan E. , Vanner Stephen J. , Tuck Caroline J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundMonosodium glutamate (MSG) has been identified as a trigger of abdominal pain in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but the mechanism is unknown. This study examined whether MSG causes visceral hypersensitivity using a water‐avoidance stress (WAS) mouse model of visceral pain.MethodsMice were divided into four groups receiving treatment for 6 days: WAS + MSG gavage, WAS + saline gavage, sham‐WAS + MSG gavage, and sham‐WAS + saline gavage. The acute effects of intraluminal administration of 10 μM MSG on jejunal extrinsic afferent nerve sensitivity to distension (0–60 mmHg) were examined using ex vivo extracellular recordings. MSG was also applied directly to jejunal afferents from untreated mice. Glutamate concentration was measured in serum, and in the serosal compartment of Ussing chambers following apical administration.Key ResultsAcute intraluminal MSG application increased distension responses of jejunal afferent nerves from mice exposed to WAS + MSG. This effect was mediated by wide dynamic range and high‐threshold units at both physiologic and noxious pressures (10–60 mmHg, p < 0.05). No effect of MSG was observed in the other groups, or when applied directly to the jejunal afferent nerves. Serum glutamate was increased in mice exposed to WAS + MSG compared to sham‐WAS + saline, and serosal glutamate increased using WAS tissue (p = 0.0433).Conclusions and InferencesThese findings demonstrate that repeated exposure to MSG in mice leads to sensitization of jejunal afferent nerves to acute ex vivo exposure to MSG. This may contribute to visceral hypersensitivity reported in response to MSG in patients with IBS.
Endocarditis, invasive dental procedures, and antibiotic prophylaxis efficacy in US Medicaid patients
Authors: Thornhill Martin H. , Gibson Teresa B. , Yoon Frank , Dayer Mark J. , Prendergast Bernard D. , Lockhart Peter B. , O'Gara Patrick T. , Baddour Larry M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveAntibiotic prophylaxis is recommended before invasive dental procedures to prevent endocarditis in those at high risk, but supporting data are sparse. We therefore investigated any association between invasive dental procedures and endocarditis, and any antibiotic prophylaxis effect on endocarditis incidence.Subjects and MethodsCohort and case‐crossover studies were performed on 1,678,190 Medicaid patients with linked medical, dental, and prescription data.ResultsThe cohort study identified increased endocarditis incidence within 30 days of invasive dental procedures in those at high risk, particularly after extractions (OR 14.17, 95% CI 5.40–52.11, p < 0.0001) or oral surgery (OR 29.98, 95% CI 9.62–119.34, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, antibiotic prophylaxis significantly reduced endocarditis incidence following invasive dental procedures (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.06–0.53, p < 0.0001). Case‐crossover analysis confirmed the association between invasive dental procedures and endocarditis in those at high risk, particularly following extractions (OR 3.74, 95% CI 2.65–5.27, p < 0.005) and oral surgery (OR 10.66, 95% CI 5.18–21.92, p < 0.0001). The number of invasive procedures, extractions, or surgical procedures needing antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent one endocarditis case was 244, 143 and 71, respectively.ConclusionsInvasive dental procedures (particularly extractions and oral surgery) were significantly associated with endocarditis in high‐risk individuals, but AP significantly reduced endocarditis incidence following these procedures, thereby supporting current guideline recommendations.
Topical clobetasol treatment for oral lichen planus can cause adrenal insufficiency
Authors: Einarsdottir Margret J. , Bankvall Maria , Robledo‐Sierra Jairo , Rödström Per‐Olof , Bergthorsdottir Ragnhildur , Trimpou Penelope , Hasséus Bengt , Ragnarsson Oskar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveGlucocorticoids suppress the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, which may lead to glucocorticoid‐induced adrenal insufficiency. The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of this state in patients with oral lichen planus treated with topical clobetasol propionate.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 30 patients with oral lichen planus receiving long‐term (>6 weeks) clobetasol propionate gel 0.025% were invited to participate. Adrenal function was assessed by measuring morning plasma cortisol after a 48‐h withdrawal of clobetasol treatment. In patients with plasma cortisol <280 nmol/L, a cosyntropin stimulation test was performed.ResultsTwenty‐seven patients were included. Twenty‐one (78%) patients presented with plasma cortisol ≥280 nmol/L (range 280–570 nmol/L), and six (22%) <280 nmol/L (range 13–260 nmol/L). Five of these six patients underwent cosyntropin stimulation that revealed severe adrenal insufficiency in two patients (cortisol peak 150 nmol/L and 210 nmol/L) and mild adrenal insufficiency in three patients (cortisol peak 350–388 nmol/L).ConclusionIn this study, approximately 20% of patients receiving intermittent topical glucocorticoid treatment for oral lichen planus had glucocorticoid‐induced adrenal insufficiency. It is essential for clinicians to be aware of this risk and to inform patients about the potential need for glucocorticoid stress doses during intercurrent illness.
Calcium phytate reverses high glucose‐inhibited osteogenesis of BMSCs via the MAPK/JNK pathway
Authors: Lv Jiaxin , Wang Qiaona , Liu Dongyu , Chu Catherine Huihan , Zhou Heyang , Li Guoqing , Wu Jin , Cai Kunzhan , Tang Chunbo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesDiabetes mellitus (DM) induces oxidative tissue impairment and suppresses bone formation. Some studies have shown that phytic acid has antioxidant and anti‐diabetic properties. This study aimed to investigate the potential of calcium phytate (Ca‐phytate) to reverse inhibited osteogenesis of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in a high glucose (HG) environment and to determine the underlying mechanism.Materials and MethodshBMSCs were exposed to HG and palmitic acid to simulate DM in vitro. Osteogenic differentiation was measured using alkaline phosphatase staining and activity assay, alizarin red S staining, qRT‐PCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. A critical‐size cranial defect model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats was established to evaluate bone regeneration. A specific pathway inhibitor was used to explore whether the MAPK/JNK pathway was involved.ResultsTreatment with 34 μM Ca‐phytate had the highest effect on osteogenic differentiation in HG. Ca‐phytate improved cranial bone defect healing in T2DM rats. The long‐term HG environment inhibited the activation of the MAPK/JNK signalling pathway, which was restored by Ca‐phytate. Blocking the JNK pathway reduced the Ca‐phytate‐mediated osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs.ConclusionCa‐phytate induced bone regeneration in vivo and reversed HG‐inhibited osteogenesis of hBMSCs in vitro via the MAPK/JNK signalling pathway.
Metabolome and transcriptome analyses of anthocyanin biosynthesis reveal key metabolites and candidate genes in purple wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Liu Xiaoting , Liu Haifu , Tian Baoming , Shi Gongyao , Liu Cheng , Guo Jialin , Cao Gangqiang , Wei Fang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is continuously subjected to genetic improvement to optimize grain quality. Purple wheat has recently gained attention because of its high anthocyanin and nutrient content. In this study, we performed an integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis of the inbred wheat lines ZM152 (white wheat line) and ZM163 (purple wheat line) to elucidate molecular networks and identify potential genes regulating anthocyanin synthesis. A total of 564 metabolites were detected, of which 47 metabolite contents differed significantly between the two lines. Twenty‐five flavonoids, including four anthocyanins, were significantly higher in purple wheat. High contents of cyanidin 3‐rutinoside and malvidin 3‐glucoside might contribute to the purple coloration of the wheat grains. Consistently, gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses revealed that flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis were mostly enriched, and the expression of anthocyanin structural genes was specifically upregulated in purple wheat lines, while transcription factors (TFs) were mostly downregulated in purple wheat lines. Especially, the correlation analysis showed the anthocyanin synthesis‐related genes CHS (TraesCS2B02G048400) and UFGT (TraesCS7A02G155400) were likely regulated negatively by the TFs MYB4 (TraesCS1A02G268800, TraesCS1B02G279400), TT8 (TraesCS1D02G094200, TraesCS1B02G113100, and TraesCS1A02G102400), which thus could be considered important regulatory genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway of purple wheat lines. In summary, these results offer new insights into anthocyanin biosynthesis and accumulation of purple wheat, and provide very useful candidate genes for future colored wheat breeding.