bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exogenous CD5L inhibits liver hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and role of CD5L as prognostic marker
Authors: Gao Zhaowei , Wu Xianan , Yang Lan , Liu Chong , Wang Xi , Wang Huiping , Dong Ke 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background:
CD5 molecular-like (CD5L) plays an important role in lipid metabolism and immune regulation. This study aimed to investigate the roles of CD5L on liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC).

Methods:
We analyzed the CD5L mRNA expression and its potential prognostic value based on The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to investigate the CD5L levels in LIHC tissues. Serum CD5L levels in LIHC were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to investigate the effect of CD5L treatment on HepG2 and QSG-7701 cell proliferation. CD5L expression correlated genes were exhumed based on the LinkedOmics. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses for CD5L associated genes were performed. The correlation between CD5L and tumor immune infiltration was analyzed by using Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) 2.0.

Results:
CD5L mRNA and protein levels were significantly decreased in LIHC tumor tissue compared with non-tumor control tissues. Moreover, serum CD5L levels were significantly lower in LIHC patients than that in healthy subjects. Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 and Kaplan-Meier plotter analysis showed that a high-CD5L expression was correlated with favorable overall survival in LIHC patients, except the LIHC patients with hepatitis virus. CCK-8 results showed that CD5L treatment significantly decreased HepG2 cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner, and CD5L treatment had no effect on the proliferation of non-tumor hepatocyte line QSG-7701. CD5L associated genes were enriched in the immune response biological process, and CD5L expression levels were positively correlated with the immune infiltrates of CD8+ T cell and M1 macrophage cells but negatively correlated with CD4+ T cells and M0 macrophage cell infiltration.

Conclusions:
Exogenous CD5L inhibits liver hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation. CD5L may act as a role of prognostic marker.
Research progress in the application of time in range: more than a percentage
Authors: Wan Jintao , Lu Jingyi , Li Cheng , Ma Xiaojing , Zhou Jian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Glucose monitoring is an important part of medical care in diabetes mellitus, which not only helps assess glycemic control and treatment safety, but also assists with treatment adjustment. With the development of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), the use of CGM has increased rapidly. With the wealth of glucose data produced by CGM, new metrics are greatly needed to optimally evaluate glucose status and guide the treatment. One of the parameters that CGM provides, time in range (TIR), has been recognized as a key metric by the international consensus. Before the adoption of TIR in clinical practice, several issues including the minimum length of CGM use, the setting of the target range, and individualized TIR goals are summarized. Additionally, we discussed the mounting evidence supporting the association between TIR and diabetes-related outcomes. As a novel glucose metric, it is of interest to compare TIR with other conventional glucose markers such as glycated hemoglobin A1c. It is anticipated that the use of TIR may provide further information on the quality of glucose control and lead to improved diabetes management.
Skin Barrier Function and Its Relationship With IL-17, IL-33, and Filaggrin in Malar Melasma
Authors: Castanedo-Cázares Juan Pablo , Cortés-García Juan Diego , Pérez-Coronado Gabriela , Hernández-Blanco Diana , Torres-Alvarez Bertha 
Published: March 2023

Background:The pathogenesis of melasma remains unclear. Interleukin (IL)-17, a proinflammatory mediator, disturbs barrier function. Filaggrin (FLG) is a protein involved in epidermal barrier homeostasis and may be affected by IL-17 and IL-33.Objective:To evaluate epidermal barrier function in malar melasma and its association with the expression of FLG, IL-17, and IL-33.Methods:Twenty patients with malar melasma were included in this study. Colorimetric and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was measured in lesional and adjacent unaffected skin at baseline and 30 minutes after barrier disruption using the tape-stripping test. Biopsies from melasma and perilesional skin were performed to evaluate the presence of FLG by immunohistochemistry, and profilaggrin, IL-17, and IL-33 expression were analyzed by reverse transcription–qualitative polymerase chain reaction.Results:After the stripping test, the erythema and TEWL values were higher in the melasma than in the unaffected skin (P= 0.01). Thirty minutes later, TEWL diminished, but it remained higher than in the perilesional skin. Profilaggrin increased as TEWL gradually decreased (R = −0.68,P= 0.04). FLG and IL-17 were higher in the melasma than in the perilesional skin (P= 0.003). IL-17 and profilaggrin expression were positively associated (R = 0.60,P= 0.04). IL-33 expression was higher in the adjacent normal skin than in the melasma (P= 0.01).Conclusion:This study found subclinical inflammation in the skin adjacent to the melasma, dysfunction of the epidermal barrier in lesions associated with chronic inflammation, and an abnormal differentiation process promoting an increase in FLG. These findings highlight the need to preserve the integrity of the facial stratum corneum in these patients.
Gain of CCND1 May Occur Too Infrequently in Cutaneous Melanoma, and Too Late in Melanomagenesis, to Be Diagnostically Useful: Genomic Analysis of 88 Cases
Authors: McFadden Jason R. , Chaudhari Advaita S. , Stevanovic Mirjana , Tsongalis Gregory J. , Hughes Edward G. , Sriharan Aravindhan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract:
Genomic analysis is an important tool in the diagnosis of histologically ambiguous melanocytic neoplasms. Melanomas, in contrast to nevi, are characterized by the presence of multiple copy number alterations. One such alteration is gain of the proto-oncogene CCND1 at 11q13. In melanoma, gain of CCND1 has been reported in approximately one-fifth of cases. Exact frequencies of CCND1 gain vary by melanoma subtype, ranging from 15.8% for lentigo maligna to 25.1% for acral melanoma. We present a cohort of 72 cutaneous melanomas from 2017–2022 in which only 6 (8.3%) showed evidence of CCND1 gain by chromosomal microarray. This CCND1 upregulation frequency falls well below those previously published and is significantly lower than estimated in the literature (P < 0.05). In addition, all 6 melanomas with CCND1 gain had copy number alterations at other loci (most commonly CDKN2A loss, followed by RREB1 gain), and 5 were either thick or metastatic lesions. This suggests that CCND1 gene amplification may be a later event in melanomagenesis, long after a lesion would be borderline or equivocal by histology. Data from fluorescence in situ hybridization, performed on 16 additional cutaneous melanomas, further corroborate our findings. CCND1 gain may not be a common alteration in melanoma and likely occurs too late in melanomagenesis to be diagnostically useful. We present the largest chromosomal microarray analysis of CCND1 upregulation frequencies in cutaneous melanoma, conjecture 3 hypotheses to explain our novel observation, and discuss implications for the inclusion or exclusion of CCND1 probes in future melanoma gene panels.
Routine Rehabilitation as a Treatment Component for Patients With Pulmonary Arterial or Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertensions
Authors: Barret Thomas , Degano Bruno , Bouvaist Hélène , Pison Christophe , Noirclerc Marianne , Vanzetto Gérald , Rocca Cécile 
Published: March 2023

Purpose:
Patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) have long been advised to avoid exercise in fear of deterioration in right-sided heart function. Since the 2009 European Society of Cardiology guidelines, rehabilitation in expert centers is considered to have a specific role in care of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). We report routine rehabilitation effects in patients with PH as a component of real-life multimodal treatment.

Methods:
Patients with PAH or CTEPH were recommended for either in- or outpatient rehabilitation in addition to their usual care, unless there were practical problems or the patient declined. Assessment was conducted according to New York Heart Association classes, adverse events, 6 min-walk test, hemodynamics, and risk stratification after rehabilitation.

Results:
Forty-one patients, 61% female, age 60 ±18 yr were included between March 2010 and May 2019. No major adverse events or deaths related to progression of right-sided heart failure were reported. Nevertheless, 22% of participants suffered adverse events in most cases not linked with physical activity. Rehabilitation as add-on to medical therapy and/or arterial deobstruction improved New York Heart Association class: mean difference, −0.39 (95% CI, −0.68 to −0.10), 6-min walk test: mean difference, 80 m (95% CI, 46-114), and was associated with improved right-sided heart hemodynamics. The risk assessment grade improved by −0.25 points (95% CI, −0.44 to −0.06) after rehabilitation.

Conclusions:
For patients with PAH or CTEPH, supervised rehabilitation as add-on to medical therapy and/or arterial deobstruction is safe and effective in improving patient and clinically related outcomes.
Nurse Staffing Level, Length of Work Experience, and Risk of Health Care–Associated Infections Among Hospital Patients
Authors: Peutere Laura , Terho Kirsi , Pentti Jaana , Ropponen Annina , Kivimäki Mika , Härmä Mikko , Krutova Oxana , Ervasti Jenni , Koskinen Aki , Virtanen Marianna 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Nurse understaffing may have several adverse consequences for patients in hospitals, such as health care–associated infections (HAIs), but there is little longitudinal evidence available on staffing levels and HAIs with consideration of incubation times to confirm this. Using daily longitudinal data, we analyzed temporal associations between nurse understaffing and limited work experience, and the risk of HAIs.

Methods:
The study was based on administrative data of 40 units and 261,067 inpatient periods for a hospital district in Finland in 2013–2019. Survival analyses with moving time windows were used to examine the association of nurse understaffing and limited work experience with the risk of an HAI 2 days after exposure, adjusting for individual risk factors. We reported hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs.

Results:
Neither nurse understaffing nor limited work experience were associated with the overall risk of HAIs. The results were inconsistent across staffing measures and types of HAIs, and many of the associations were weak. Regarding specific HAI types, 1-day exposure to low proportion of nurses with >3 years of in-hospital experience and low proportion of nurses more than 25 years old were associated with increased risk of bloodstream infections (HR=1.30; 95% CI: 1.04–1.62 and HR=1.40; 95% CI: 1.07–1.83). Two-day exposure to low nursing hours relative to target hours was associated with an increased risk of surgical-site infections (HR=2.64, 95% CI: 1.66–4.20).

Conclusions:
Data from time-varying analyses suggest that nursing staff shortages and limited work experience do not always increase the risk of HAI among patients.
Multidrug-Resistant Trichomoniasis: Successful Treatment With 3 Months of Twice-Daily Intravaginal Boric Acid
Authors: Seyedroudbari Sara , McCloskey Kyle , Muzny Christina A. , Graziani Amy , Momplaisir Florence 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Trichomoniasis is the most common nonviral sexually transmitted infection.
1
For patients with resistance to standard treatment with 5-nitroimidazoles, alternative therapies are limited. We present a case of a 34-year-old woman with multidrug-resistant trichomoniasis who was successfully treated with 600 mg intravaginal boric acid twice daily for 3 months.
The Transoral Alar Batten (TAB) Graft: A Functional Rhinoplasty Technique for the Orthognathic Jaw Surgery Patient
Authors: Garg Ravi K. , Vance Dylan T. , O’Connor Michaela K. 
Published: March 2023

Summary:
Many patients seeking orthognathic jaw surgery also experience nasal obstruction. Currently transoral functional rhinoplasty techniques include septoplasty and inferior turbinate reduction, which are performed through the mouth following maxillary downfracture. Although powerful, these interventions do not treat dynamic nasal sidewall collapse. Here we describe a novel transoral alar batten (TAB) graft. Using the maxillary vestibular approach, septal cartilage is harvested and delivered from the maxillary vestibule into the nasal alar-sidewall junction through a small tunnel. This procedure is simple, versatile, and carries minimal morbidity, enabling the orthognathic jaw surgeon to support the nasal sidewall through a minimal access approach and improve the patient’s nasal function and airway.
“Structure and Mechanical Performance Biomimetic Costal Cartilage Models for Ear Framework Handcraft Simulation.”
Authors: Wang Di , Lin Lin , Yang Qinghua , Song Yupeng , Zhou Jiayu , Zhang He , Yang Yang , Pan Bo , Jiang Haiyue 
Published: March 2023

SUMMARY:
Ear framework handcraft simulation using costal cartilage models is crucially important for ear reconstruction surgery education. Fabricating proper models mechanically and structurally comparable to their native counterparts is an unmet challenge. Herein, the authors developed structure and mechanical performance bio-mimetic costal cartilage models used for practicing and simulating handcraft of ear framework. High-tensile silicone and three-dimensional techniques were utilized to fabricate bio-mimetic models. The models well replicated the three-dimensional structure of human costal cartilage. Proved by comprehensive mechanical tests, high-tensile silicone models had similar stiffness, hardness, and suture retention ability to their native counterparts, which was distinctly superior to commonly used materials for costal cartilage simulation. This kind of model satisfied surgeons and contributed to outstanding ear frameworks. The recreated models were used in ear framework handcrafting workshops. Novices’ surgical simulation performance with different models was compared and analyzed. People who used high-tensile silicone models enjoy greater progress and confidence after training. Using high-tensile silicone costal cartilage models is an excellent choice for practicing and simulating the fabrication of ear frameworks manually. They benefit practitioners and students much in practicing handcraft ear frameworks and surgical skill gains.
Prognostic Factors for Speech Outcome among Patients with Submucous Cleft Palate Managed by Furlow Palatoplasty or Posterior Pharyngeal flap
Authors: Zhang Bei , Shi Bing , Zheng Qian , Li Jingtao 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Submucous cleft palate (SMCP) is a particular subtype of cleft deformity with the optimal surgical timing and technique still under debate. This study aimed to identify potential prognostic factors for the speech outcome of patients with SMCP and provide evidence for further management strategy optimization.

Methods:
We reviewed patients with nonsyndromic SMCP who received either Furlow palatoplasty (FP) or posterior pharyngeal flap (PPF) between 2008 and 2021 in a tertiary hospital-based cleft center. Both univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were employed to screen preoperative variables including cleft type (overt or occult), age at surgery, mobility of velum and pharyngeal wall, velopharyngeal closure ratio and pattern. Receiver operating characteristic curve was utilized to determine the cut-off value of the significant predictors for subgroup comparison.

Results:
A total of 131 patients were enrolled, with 92 receiving FP and 39 receiving PPF. Age at operation and cleft type were identified with significant impacts on FP outcome. Patients operated before 9.5 years demonstrated significantly higher velopharyngeal competence (VPC) rate than those operated after. The speech outcome among patients with occult SMCP was significantly worse than overt cases after FP treatment. No preoperative variable was found as correlated with PPF outcome. PPF yield higher VPC rate than FP among patients operated above 9.5 years.

Conclusions:
The prognosis of FP treated SMCP patients is sensitive to age at surgery and cleft type. PPF may be considered for aged patients in settings with limited access to multiple surgeries, especially when occult SMCP is diagnosed.
No long-term effect of past Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia on pulmonary function in people with HIV
Authors: Oomen Patrick G.A. , Bronsveld Inez , Hoepelman Andy I.M. , van Welzen Berend J. , Mudrikova Tania 
Published: March 2023

Objective:
To assess the impact of past Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) on the pulmonary diffusion capacity in people with HIV (PWH) with a history of advanced immunodeficiency.

Design:
Prospective cross-sectional study.

Methods:
Adult PWH with past PJP >1 year ago were included as the study group. The control group consisted of PWH with a nadir CD4+ lymphocyte count <200 cells/mm3, matched by age, sex, smoking status and time since HIV diagnosis. All PWH completed a pulmonary function test (PFT) consisting of pre-bronchodilation spirometry, body plethysmography and single-breath carbon monoxide transfer factor (TLCO) measurement. TLCO, diffusion impairment (defined as a TLCO Z-score <−1.645), total lung capacity (TLC) and forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) Z-scores were assessed. Multivariable regression analyses were conducted with Z-scores and odds of diffusion impairment as outcomes.

Results:
PFTs of 102 participants were analyzed, 51 of whom had past PJP with a median of 10 years since PJP. Mean TLCO Z-score and diffusion impairment rate did not differ significantly between groups (P = 0.790; P = 0.650). Past PJP was not independently associated with TLCO Z-score [β = 0.14; 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.30–0.57], diffusion impairment (odds ratio 1.00; 95% CI 0.36–2.75) nor TLC or FEV1/FVC Z-scores, whereas current (vs. never) smoking was associated with more diffusion impairment and lower TLCO Z-scores.

Conclusion:
In our study, past PJP was not associated with long-term diffusion impairment. Our findings suggest that smoking plays a more important role in persistent pulmonary function impairment whereas PJP-related changes seem to be reversible.
Improved Breast 2D SWE Algorithm to Eliminate False-Negative Cases
Authors: Barr Richard G. , Engel Aaron , Kim Su , Tran Phuong , De Silvestri Annalisa 
Published: March 2023

Objectives
Two-dimensional shear wave elastography (SWE) has been limited in breast lesion characterization due to false-negative results from artifacts. The aim of this study was to evaluate an updated Food and Drug Administration–approved breast 2D-SWE algorithm and compare with the standard algorithm (SA).

Materials and Methods
This prospective, single-center study was approved by our local institutional review board and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act compliant. From April 25, 2019 to May 2, 2022, raw shear wave data were saved on patients having screening or diagnostic breast ultrasound on a Siemens Sequoia US. After removing duplicate images and those without biopsy diagnosis or stability over 2 years, there were 298 patients with 394 lesions with biopsy-proven pathology or >2-year follow-up. Raw data were processed using the SA and a new algorithm (NA). Five-millimeter regions of interest were placed in the highest stiffness in the lesion or adjacent 3 mm on the SA. Stiffness values (shear wave speed, max) in this location from both algorithms were recorded. Statistics were calculated for comparing the 2 algorithms.

Results
The mean patient age was 56.3 ± 16.1 years (range, 21–93 years). The mean benign lesion size was 10.7 ± 8.0 mm (range, 2–46 mm), whereas the mean malignant lesion size was 14.9 ± 7.8 mm (range, 4–36 mm). There were 201 benign (>2-year follow-up) and 193 biopsied lesions (65 benign; 128 malignant). The mean maximum stiffness for benign lesions was 2.37 m/s (SD 1.26 m/s) for SA and 3.51 m/s (SD 2.05 m/s) for NA. For malignant lesions, the mean maximum stiffness was 4.73 m/s (SD, 1.71 m/s) for SA and 8.45 m/s (SD, 1.42 m/s) for NA. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.87 SA and 0.95 NA when using the optimal cutoff value. Using a threshold value of 5.0 m/s for NA and comparing to SA, the sensitivity increased from 0.45 to 1.00 and the specificity decreased from 0.94 to 0.81; the positive predictive value was 0.72, the negative predictive value was 1.00, and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.00.

Conclusions
Using a new breast SWE algorithm significantly improves the sensitivity of the technique with a small decrease in specificity, virtually eliminating the “soft” cancer artifact. The new 2D-SWE algorithm significantly increases the sensitivity and negative predictive value in characterizing breast lesions as benign or malignant and allows for downgrading all BI-RADS 4 lesions.
Infants With Trigonocephaly Treated With Fronto-Orbital Remodelling and Endocortical Positioning of Resorbable Plates—A Retrospective Cohort Study Including 101 Patients
Authors: Zittel Sven , Ristow Oliver , Moratin Julius , Rückschloß Thomas , Hoffmann Jürgen , El Damaty Ahmed , Freudlsperger Christian , Engel Michael 
Published: March 2023

Purpose:
Fronto-orbital remodeling is the gold standard for surgical treatment of metopic synostosis in many craniofacial centers. For fixation, resorbable materials are widely used. Because of swelling during resorption, the positioning of the plates can be relevant. Therefore, the goal of this study was to investigate whether there are limitations to endocortical positioning of resorbable plates.

Methods:
In this retrospective study, all patients with metopic craniosynostosis resulting in trigonocephaly, who were treated with a standardized fronto-orbital remodeling and endocortical positioning of resorbable plates, between February 2012 and December 2019 were included. The endpoint of this study was the postoperative complications that can be attributed to the material used.

Results:
A total of 101 patients, who were treated at our unit, could be included with a male predominance, 81 (80.2%) boys versus 20 (19.8%) girls. Surgery was performed at a median age of 9 months (±2.56). No complications were seen related to resorbable plates. All patients of our study population were categorized as Whitaker classification I and II.

Conclusion:
This study shows that the risk level in using endocortical resorbable plates positioned on the inner surface of the bone is low. From an aesthetic point of view, we could not detect any disadvantage.