bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of the Chemical Composition of the Fruits of Sea Buckthorh Rockthroom, Growing in the Territory of the Central Black Earth Region
Authors: Trineeva O. V. 
Published: February 2023

Introduction. The chemical composition of plants is a combination of all primary and secondary metabolites and can be considered as the result of the implementation of genetic information, a «link» between the genotype and phenotype. The complex of biologically active substances (BAS) of most medicinal plants and medicinal herbal preparations derived from them is a multicomponent system that is in interaction, the composition of which is not always fully known. Sea buckthorn is one of the valuable plants with a wide distribution area. Sea buckthorn fruits contain a large number of classes of various BAS. The study of the variability of the chemical composition depending on the climatic conditions of growth, harvesting and drying in order to accumulate and generalize information for the development of unified scientifically based standards for raw material quality indicators is an important area for study.Aim. The purpose of this work was to study the chemical composition of the fruits of sea buckthorn, which grows in the Central Chernozem region.Materials and methods. The raw materials for the analysis were whole fresh fruits of sea buckthorn, harvested in the territory of the Central black earth region of the Russian Federation (Voronezh region). In the work, the TLC method was used to study the composition of various groups of BAS and their identification in extracts from the studied raw materials. In the process of a comprehensive study of the chemical composition of fruits, the determination of carotenoids, flavonoids, tannins, amino acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, anthocyanins, organic acids, sugars, some macroelements and vitamins was carried out.Results and discussion. The fruits of sea buckthorn, growing in the conditions of the Central black earth region, accumulate free amino acids, tannins, organic acids and polysaccharides in significant quantities. The composition of free water-soluble simple sugars, organic acids, B vitamins, as well as the complete amino acid composition was studied in the fruits of sea buckthorn using capillary electrophoresis. A significant content of riboflavin and choline, as well as malic and succinic acids has been established. The results of HPLC analysis showed that flavonoids in the fruits of sea buckthorn growing in the conditions of the Central black earth region are represented by flavonol glycosides – derivatives of quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin. Minor flavolglycosides 3-rutinoside-7-rhamnosides of isorhamnetin, quercetin and kaempferol, 3-sophoroside-7-rhamnosides of quercetin and kaempferol, rutin, 3-glucoside and 3-rhamnoside of isorhamnetin can be used as chemomarkers.Conclusion. The obtained data on the component composition of the phenolic fraction of the fruits of the studied samples of sea buckthorn are similar to the literature data on sea buckthorn of the same species of various varieties harvested in the conditions of the Central zone of the Russian Federation (Moscow region).
ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-ОБЧИСЛЮВАЛЬНА КОМПЕТЕНТНІСТЬ МАЙБУТНІХ ФАХІВЦІВ З ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ
Authors: Капітон Алла Мирославівна 
Published: February 2023

Розглянуто ключові компетентності майбутніх фахівців як нову парадигму результатів вищої освіти. Вивчено зарубіжний досвід професійної підготовки ІТ-фахівців зарубіжних вузів. Доведено, що фахова компетентність фахівців не є простою сумою предметних знань у випускників університетів, а є результатом сформованої сукупності загальнокультурних, професійних і загальних компетентностей.
Досліджено зміст загальних компетентностей майбутніх фахівців у галузі знань «Інформаційні технології». Доведено недосконалість та можливість доповнення структури спеціальних компетентностей майбутніх фахівців з інформаційних технологій шляхом виокремлення її інформаційно-обчислювального компонента.
Визначено інформаційно-обчислювальну компетентність фахівця з інформаційних технологій, що може бути додана до переліку спеціальних компетентностей. Обґрунтовано, що інформаційно-обчислювальна компетентність фахівця з інформаційних технологій не лише повинна бути додана до переліку спеціальних компетентностей, а являє собою інтегративну особистісну якість, сутністю якої є готовність майбутнього спеціаліста ефективно використовувати набуті під час навчання знання та вміння для вирішення завдань з інформаційно-обчислювальної діяльності, що виникають в процесі професійної діяльності, зокрема усвідомлення ним соціальної значущості цієї діяльності, його особистої відповідальності за її результати.
Розроблено освітній програмний продукт, який впроваджено в освітній процес університету на етапі оцінювання рівня сформованості фахових компетентностей здобувачів вищої освіти в галузі знань з інформаційних технологій. При виконанні роботи визначено та вирішено задачі фахового освітнього проєкту, що передбачає оцінку формування інформаційно-обчислювальної компетентності майбутніх ІТ-фахівців. Доведено, що доповнення складових розробленого програмного продукту має вплив на підвищення рівня сформованості спеціальних компетентностей майбутніх фахівців з інформаційних технологій, зокрема шляхом виокремлення його інформаційно-обчислювального компонента. Визначена потреба в постійному вдосконаленні в зазначеному вигляді професійної діяльності. Визначено подальші напрями вдосконалення структури професійних компетентностей майбутніх фахівців з інформаційних технологій.
Transcriptome analysis reveals the regulation of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels in response to exogenous abscisic acid and calcium treatment under drought stress in tomato
Authors: Shi Jinyan , Du Xiangge 
Published: February 2023

Background: Drought stress can limit the growth and development of tomato seedlings and cause considerable loss of tomato yield. Exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and calcium (Ca2+) can effectively alleviate the damage of drought stress to plants in part because Ca2+ acts as a second messenger in the drought resistance pathway. Although cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels (CNGCs) are common non-specific Ca2+ osmotic channels in cell membranes, a thorough understanding of the transcriptome characteristics of tomato treated with exogenous ABA and Ca2+ under drought stress is necessary to characterize the molecular mechanism of CNGC involved in tomato drought resistance.Results: There were 12,896 differentially expressed genes in tomato under drought stress, as well as 11,406 and 12,502 differentially expressed genes after exogenous ABA and Ca2+ application, respectively. According to functional annotations and reports, the 19 SlCNGC genes related to Ca2+ transport were initially screened, with 11 SlCNGC genes that were upregulated under drought stress and downregulated after exogenous ABA application. After exogenous Ca2+ application, the data showed that two of these genes were upregulated, while nine genes were downregulated. Based on these expression patterns, we predicted the role of SlCNGC genes in the drought resistance pathway and their regulation by exogenous ABA and Ca2+ in tomato.Conclusion: The results of this study provide foundational data for further study of the function of SlCNGC genes and a more comprehensive understanding of drought resistance mechanisms in tomato.
Quantitative pupillary light reflex assessment for prognosis of carbon monoxide poisoning
Authors: Cha Yong Sung , Ko Sang-Bae , Go Tae-Hwa , Lee Dong Keon 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundA non-reactive pupil in standard pupillary light reflex (sPLR) is regarded as a factor predicting neurological sequelae at 1-month after carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. An automated pupillometer is used in the intensive care unit to quantitatively assess PLR. Quantitative PLR (qPLR) was superior to sPLR using penlight for prognosis of various neurological diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze whether quantitative pupillary variables (neurological Pupil index [NPi] and qPLR) are superior to sPLR in predicting 1-month neurocognitive sequelae after acute CO poisoning.MethodsWe performed a prospective observational study of consecutive patients with acute CO poisoning admitted to an emergency department (ED) between August 2019 and December 2020 in a single academic medical center. sPLR and pupillometer examinations (qPLR and NPi) were performed by emergency physicians at the ED on hospital days 0–2. The lowest values among those recorded within 24 h and during the total measurement period were considered the 24-h and total lowest values, respectively. Global Deterioration Scale scores were measured at 1 month as an outcome and were dichotomized into favorable (1–4) or poor (5–7) outcomes.ResultsWe analyzed the data of 104 adult patients with acute CO poisoning. qPLR was significantly higher in the favorable outcome group than in the poor outcome group 24-h and total lowest values (21.2% vs. 15.0%, p = 0.006 and 21.0% vs. 14.8%, p = 0.006). qPLR &lt;18% had fair predictive power for poor neurocognitive outcomes [area under the curve (AUC), 0.70; 95% confidence interval (0.60–0.78)]. Among the patients with decreased mental status (Glasgow Coma Scale ≤12), the power of NPi and qPLR increased [AUC, 0.72 and AUC, 0.80]. NPi &lt; 1 and qPLR &lt;18% showed sensitivity (9.5% vs. 76.2%) and specificity (98.8% vs. 67.5%) for the prediction of poor outcomes. qPLR was significantly superior to sPLR in predicting poor neurocognitive outcomes at 1 month after CO poisoning (p = 0.007).ConclusionqPLR and NPi were superior to sPLR in terms of predicting poor neurocognitive outcomes. qPLR and NPi measured from hospital days 0–2 may be valuable in predicting neurocognitive outcome.
Role of LDL-C level alteration in increased mortality risks in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Jing , Li Gang , Zhu Yajun , Lei Xingwei , Chen Guihu , Zhang Jiachun , Sun Xiaochuan 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundCurrent studies indicate a contradictory relationship between decreased mortality risks of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) and elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Thus, this meta-analysis was designed to examine the involvement of high LDL-C levels in a lower mortality risk of sICH patients.MethodsPubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases were searched up to the date of August 3rd, 2022. Pooled odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was estimated for the higher vs. lower serum LDL-C level groups. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also carried out. Egger's test was applied to detect any potential publication bias.ResultsOf 629 citations reviewed, 8 eligible cohort studies involving 83,013 patients were enrolled in this meta-analysis. Compared with lower serum LDL-C levels containing patients, higher serum LDL-C patients exhibited significantly decreased risks of 3-month mortality (OR: 0.51; 95%CI: 0.33–0.78; I2 = 47.8%); however, the LDL-C level change wasn't significantly associated with in-hospital mortality risks (OR: 0.92; 95%CI: 0.63–1.33; I2 = 91.4%) among sICH subjects. All studies included were classified as high-quality investigations.ConclusionsThis meta-analysis suggests a higher LDL-C level may decrease the mortality risk in sICH patients. LDL-C level increase is inversely associated with the 3-month mortality risks in these patients but not significantly correlated with the in-hospital mortality risks. Further well-designed prospective studies with extended follow-up periods are needed to confirm these findings and explore underlying cross-talks.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022318318, identifier: PROSPERO 2022 CRD42022318318.
Multiple step saccades are generated by internal real-time saccadic error correction
Authors: Ma Wenbo , Zhang Mingsha 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesMultiple step saccades (MSSs) are an atypical form of saccade that consists of a series of small-amplitude saccades. It has been argued that the mechanism for generating MSS is due to the automatic saccadic plan. This argument was based on the observation that trials with MSS had shorter saccadic latency than trials without MSS in the reactive saccades. However, the validity of this argument has never been verified by other saccadic tasks. Alternatively, we and other researchers have speculated that the function of MSS is the same as that of the corrective saccade (CS), i.e., to correct saccadic errors. Thus, we propose that the function of the MSS is also to rectify saccadic errors and generated by forward internal models. The objective of the present study is to examine whether the automatic theory is universally applicable for the generation of MSSs in various saccadic tasks and to seek other possible mechanisms, such as error correction by forward internal models.MethodsFifty young healthy subjects (YHSs) and fifty elderly healthy subjects (EHSs) were recruited in the present study. The task paradigms were prosaccade (PS), anti-saccade (AS) and memory-guided saccade (MGS) tasks.ResultsSaccadic latency in trials with MSS was shorter than without MSS in the PS task but similar in the AS and MGS tasks. The intersaccadic intervals (ISI) were similar among the three tasks in both YHSs and EHSs.ConclusionOur results indicate that the automatic theory is not a universal mechanism. Instead, the forward internal model for saccadic error correction might be an important mechanism.
Exposure to a sensory functional ingredient in the pig model modulates the blood-oxygen-level dependent brain responses to food odor and acute stress during pharmacological MRI in the frontostriatal and limbic circuits
Authors: Briard Emmanuelle , Serrand Yann , Dahirel Patrice , Janvier Régis , Noirot Virginie , Etienne Pierre , Coquery Nicolas , Eliat Pierre-Antoine , Val-Laillet David 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionIn the present study, we examined the effects of a supplementation with a sensory functional ingredient (FI, D16729, Phodé, France) containing vanillin, furaneol, diacetyl and a mixture of aromatic fatty acids on the behavioural and brain responses of juvenile pigs to acute stress.MethodsTwenty-four pigs were fed from weaning with a standard granulated feed supplemented with the functional ingredient D16729 (FS animals, N = 12) or a control formulation (CT animals, N = 12). After a feed transition (10 days after weaning), the effects of FI were investigated on eating behaviour during two-choice feed preference tests. Emotional reactivity to acute stress was then investigated during openfield (OF), novel suddenly moving object (NSO), and contention tests. Brain responses to the FI and the two different feeds’ odour, as well as to an acute pharmacological stressor (injection of Synacthen®) were finally investigated with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).ResultsFS animals tended to spend more time above the functional feed (p = 0.06) and spent significantly more time at the periphery of the arena during NSO (p &lt; 0.05). Their latency to contact the novel object was longer and they spent less time exploring the object compared to CT animals (p &lt; 0.05 for both). Frontostriatal and limbic responses to the FI were influenced by previous exposure to FI, with higher activation in FS animals exposed to the FI feed odor compared to CT animals exposed to a similarly familiar feed odor without FI. The pharmacological acute stress provoked significant brain activations in the prefrontal and thalamic areas, which were alleviated in FS animals that also showed more activity in the nucleus accumbens. Finally, the acute exposure to FI in naive animals modulated their brain responses to acute pharmacological stress.DiscussionOverall, these results showed how previous habituation to the FI can modulate the brain areas involved in food pleasure and motivation while alleviating the brain responses to acute stress.
Feeding/Eating problems in children: Who does (not) benefit after behavior therapy? A retrospective chart review
Authors: Dumont Eric , Jansen Anita , Duker Pieter C. , Seys Daniel M. , Broers Nick J. , Mulkens Sandra 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundTreating disordered feeding at a young age reduces risks of future feeding problems, but not all children profit equally; can we define predictors of a worse prognosis?ObjectivesIn 252 children, with a mean age of 4; 7 years (SD = 3 years; range 5 months to 17; 10 years), who had undergone behavioral day treatment in the past, several variables were investigated, retrieved from initial consultation (t1) and re-assessed at follow-up (t2).MethodLogistic regressions were carried out with sex, gastro-intestinal problems, refusal of the first nutrition, syndrome/intellectual disability, Down's syndrome, autism spectrum disorder, comorbidity of medical diseases (other than gastro-intestinal problems), restrictive caloric food intake and selective food intake, as the predictor variables from t1, and age-appropriate food intake at t2 as the dependent variable. The potential role of sensory processing problems was reviewed at t2.ResultsAbout 73% had improved towards an age-appropriate food intake. Sex (boys), syndrome/intellectual disability, and a lack of varied nutritional intake at t1 were predictors of a worse prognosis. We found a small, but significant correlation between current selective eating patterns and general sensory processing problems.ConclusionFeeding disordered children, especially boys, with intellectual disabilities or selective eating patterns are at risk for not achieving an age-adequate food intake at a later age, despite behavioral treatment.
Molecular identification and physiological functional analysis of NtNRT1.1B that mediated nitrate long-distance transport and improved plant growth when overexpressed in tobacco
Authors: Wu Changzheng , Xiang Yucheng , Huang Pingjun , Zhang Mingfa , Fang Ming , Yang Weiqin , Li Wenrui , Cao Fengchun , Liu Lai-Hua , Pu Wenxuan , Duan Shuhui 
Published: February 2023

Although recent physiological studies demonstrate that flue-cured tobacco preferentially utilizes nitrate (NO3−) or ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), and possesses both high- and low-affinity uptake systems for NO3−, little is known about the molecular component(s) responsible for acquisition and translocation in this crop. Here we provide experimental data showing that NtNRT1.1B with a 1,785-bp coding sequence exhibited a function in mediating NO3− transport associated with tobacco growth on NO3− nutrition. Heterologous expression of NtNRT1.1B in the NO3− uptake-defective yeast Hp△ynt1 enabled a growth recovery of the mutant on 0.5 mM NO3−, suggesting a possible molecular function of NtNRT1.1B in the import of NO3− into cells. Transient expression of NtNRT1.1B::green fluorescent protein (GFP) in tobacco leaf cells revealed that NtNRT1.1B targeted mainly the plasma membrane, indicating the possibility of NO3− permeation across cell membranes via NtNRT1.1B. Furthermore, promoter activity assays using a GFP marker clearly indicated that NtNRT1.1B transcription in roots may be down-regulated by N starvation and induced by N resupply, including NO3−, after 3 days’ N depletion. Significantly, constitutive overexpression of NtNRT1.1B could remarkably enhance tobacco growth by showing a higher accumulation of biomass and total N, NO3−, and even NH4+ in plants supplied with NO3−; this NtNRT1.1B-facilitated N acquisition/accumulation could be strengthened by short-term 15N-NO3− root influx assays, which showed 15%–20% higher NO3− deposition in NtNRT1.1B-overexpressors as well as a high affinity of NtNRT1.1B for NO3− at a Km of around 30–45 µM. Together with the detection of NtNRT1.1B promoter activity in the root stele and shoot–stem vascular tissues, and higher NO3− in both xylem exudate and the apoplastic washing fluid of NtNRT1.1B-transgenic lines, NtNRT1.1B could be considered as a valuable molecular breeding target aiming at improving crop N-use efficiency by manipulating the absorption and long-distance distribution/transport of nitrate, thus adding a new functional homolog as a nitrate permease to the plant NRT1 family.
Medical student perceptions of autism education: A qualitative study
Authors: Gallaher Laura , Butler Ceri , Banerjee Sube , Wright Juliet , White Ann , Daley Stephanie 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundThe global prevalence of autism is reported to be at least 1% and is rising. Autistic people have a range of comorbidities resulting in a high use of health services. Doctors of nearly all specialties are likely to encounter autistic people in their practice. Autistic people report dissatisfactory care and encounter disproportionately worse health-related outcomes than non-autistic people, which in part has been attributed to a lack of skill and awareness in the medical workforce. At present, autism education is not always included in undergraduate medical curricula. In England, the Department of Health and Social Care has mandated that autism education should be included in all undergraduate medical curricula but current evidence relating to the delivery and receipt of autism education is poor. A greater understanding of medical student perceptions of autism education is required to inform curriculum development. This qualitative study sought to explore the perceptions of autism education in final year medical students at a medical school in South-East England by 1) assessing their perceived preparedness to care for autistic people once they have graduated from medical school and 2) determining their perceived acceptability of a new undergraduate education programme, Time for Autism (TfA).Materials and methodsA purposeful sample of ten final-year medical students were recruited. Students completed in-depth, individual interviews. Data was analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsFour key themes were identified: Learning environment, Exposure, Relevance and Curricular priority. The findings of this study indicate that medical students perceived greatest value in autism education when it was directly relevant to developing preparedness for practice. Value was influenced by the perceived curricular priority attached to autism education. The new autism programme, Time for Autism was perceived to add relevance and priority to autism education in the existing curriculum in this medical school setting.DiscussionThe study findings shed new light on medical education literature, emphasising the importance of congruence between the provision of autism education and the prioritisation of autism education within the curriculum. Consideration of relevance and curricular priority can be used to support the development of autism education in future medical curricula.