bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Baseline assessment of knowledge, attitude, practice, and adherence toward antimicrobials among women living in two urban municipalities in Lalitpur district, Nepal
Authors: Jha Nisha , Kafle Sajala , Joshi Mili , Pandey Aakriti , Koirala Prakriti , Bhandary Shital , Shankar Pathiyil Ravi 
Published: January 2025

Introduction
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant problem in developing, low- and middle-income countries like Nepal. Community engagement can be an important means to address the problem. Knowledge, attitude, practice, and adherence of women regarding antibiotics and AMR was studied.

Methods
This baseline study was conducted in two urban municipalities of Lalitpur district as preparation for a larger intervention study (Mahalaxmi municipality will be the intervention and Godawari the comparison/control area). The study population was women belonging to the mother’s groups of 45 female community health volunteers (FCHVs) from each municipality. The study was done from September 2023 to January 2024. A total of 1207 individuals (580 in Mahalaxmi and 627 in Godawari) were involved. Data on demographics, knowledge, attitude, practice, and adherence was collected using a pre-validated structured questionnaire.

Results
The average age, educational status, monthly income, occupation, presence of respiratory disease, chronic diseases and communicable diseases were found to be not different among the two municipalities. Work experience, presence of respiratory disease and of health worker in the household was different in the baseline survey among the two locations. Knowledge was higher in Mahalaxmi municipality, but adherence was higher in Godawari municipality (p <0.0001). No significant difference was seen in attitude and practice scales. Knowledge, attitude, practice and adherence scores among different subgroups of respondents in the two municipalities were found to be significantly different for occupation (p <0.0001), and education (p <0.0001). The attitude scores were also significantly different according to presence/absence of respiratory disease in the household (p = 0.027).

Conclusion
At baseline the two study sites were broadly comparable in terms of participants’ demographic characteristics. There was higher knowledge and lower adherence in Mahalaxmi municipality. An educational intervention to improve KAP and adherence is required and will be conducted.
Grit and foreign language achievement among Chinese university EFL students: a mixed-methods approach
Authors: Ding Feng , Wu Yanting , Chen Ming 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Studies examining the relationship between grit and foreign language (FL) achievement have yielded inconsistent results. Furthermore, research on factors influencing grit is limited and primarily employs quantitative methodologies. To address these gaps, this study aims to reevaluate the link between grit and FL achievement among Chinese university students and identify factors influencing their grit by using a mixed-methods approach. In this study, 260 third- and fourth-year English major students participated in a questionnaire survey, and 35 of them also underwent semi-structured interviews. Through multiple regression analysis of the questionnaires, it was found that grit and FL achievement significantly and positively correlated with each other and grit significantly predicted FL achievement. The interview results showed that four major factors, namely individual-related factors, significant others, achievement-related experiences, and important external factors, affected grit. These results corroborate the positive role of grit in second language acquisition (SLA) and offer valuable pedagogical insights for L2 educators.
The evaluation of point-of-care testing for determining hemoglobin levels in geriatric intensive care patients
Authors: Honca Tevfik , Honca Mehtap 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The aim of the present study was to compare hemoglobin (Hb) levels determined by point-of-care testing (POCT) HemoCue® and arterial blood gas analyzer using an automated hematology analyzer in critically ill geriatric patients.

Methods
Forty geriatric patients requiring intensive care treatment were included in the study. Arterial blood sample was analyzed using HemoCue® (HemoCue®; Hb 201+, Angelholm, Sweden) (HbHemoCueArterial), blood gas analyzer (Techno Medica, Gastat1800 series, Japan) (HbBGA) and an automated hematology analyzer (Cell Dyne 3700 System, Abbott Laboratories, USA) (HbLab) as a reference method. Capillary blood measurements were performed (HbHemoCueCapillary) using HemoCue® at bedside. Bland-Altman analysis was applied to the results.

Results
We found a positive correlation between the Hb measurements of HemoCueCapillary, HemoCueArterial and automated hematology analyzer (r-values were 0.799 and 0.922, respectively) and p<0.001. There was also a positive correlation between the Hb measurements of blood gas analyzer and automated hematology analyzer (r = 0.878) and p<0.001. The bias and limits of agreement were 0.32 and −2.5±3.14 g/dL for the HbHemoCueCapillary, 0.64 and −1.03±2.31 g/dL for the HbHemoCueArterial and −1.2 and −4.45±2.05 g/dL for the HbBGA. Inotropic agent administration did not affect the Hb values in all groups.

Conclusions
Both HemoCueCapillary and HemoCueArterial are sufficiently accurate and correlated with automated hematology analyzer in geriatric critically ill patients if used correctly. In terms of Hb levels, arterial and capillary blood sample measurements with HemoCue® provided more clinically acceptable accuracy than blood gas analysis system.
Crystal structure of 5-hydroxy-3,5,8a-trimethyl-4a,5,6,7,8a,9-hexahydronaphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,8-dione, C15H18O4
Authors: Wang Mei-Ling , Wu Jie , Cai Pan-Feng , Ye Jiang-Hai , Zou Juan , Li Qi-Ji , Liu Ya-Hua , Li Ji-Xin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
C15H18O4, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 6.7517(6) Å, b = 9.0117(8) Å, c = 11.5876(10) Å, α = 108.039(2), β = 100.136(2)°, γ = 90.748(2), V = 658.20(10) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0608, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1634, T = 273 K.
Pulp and paper industry side-stream materials as feed for the oleaginous yeast species Lipomyces starkeyi and Rhodotorula toruloides
Authors: Gamage Shiromini , Norström Sara , Olofsson Madelen , Bylund Dan , Asadollahi Mojtaba , Hedenström Erik 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The pulp and paper industry in Sweden annually produce millions of tons of side-stream materials as black liquor, pulp and paper mill sludge, sulfite liquor and lignosulfonate. These lignocellulosic based materials can be more utilized today in biorefinery processes with microorganisms to produce high-value products as lipids, proteins and biofuels. In this work, we used five side-stream materials as carbon source in fermentation with two oleaginous yeasts, Lipomyces starkeyi and Rhodotorula toruloides. We analyzed lipid production, fatty acid profiles, inhibitors, phenolics, free sugars and metals before and after batch fermentation in 2 L bioreactors. Steam-exploded hardwood media was used as reference as it’s known to be a good substrate for the oleaginous yeast species and after fermentation the lipid yield for R. toruloides was 17 % (w/w) and for L. starkeyi 13 % (w/w). The side-stream materials contained less than 30 % of free sugar compared to the reference media and the total lipid yield was thus less than 2.7 %, (w/w). R. toruloides utilized various sugars during fermentation and L. starkeyi mostly consumed glucose and xylose. Both yeast species also showed a possible ability to utilize various phenolics indicating their metabolic potential to convert depolymerized lignin along with wood-based sugars to lipids and proteins.
Foreseeability and Prior Fault: Examining the Assessment Framework for Intoxication, Blame and Criminal Responsibility
Authors: Goldberg Anna Elisabeth 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Prior fault in cases of intoxication prevents any mental impairments stemming from the intoxication from having exculpatory or mitigatory effects. This article critically examines the pitfalls of using ‘foreseeability’ as a main requirement to establish prior fault in such cases in the Netherlands, with brief comparative references to Polish law. The appropriateness of foreseeability as a criterion strongly depends on the approach taken. When foreseeability is interpreted in an abstract manner, the ability to adequately differentiate between situations of prior fault is greatly reduced. Specifically for intoxication combined with addiction or other mental disorders, this approach to foreseeability may cause over-criminalization. The article provides suggestions for a more appropriate assessment framework, which could include a more concrete foreseeability requirement and a volitional criterion.
Considerations Regarding the Typology of Counter-Detection Measures in the Light of Quantitative Research on Organised Crime Groups that Recruit Football Hooligans
Authors: Chlebowicz Piotr , Safjański Tomasz 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Through the application of counter-detection activities, football hooligan groups in Poland have created organised crime networks, that are able to identify, locate and neutralise police intelligence activities. In the 20th and 21st centuries, the issue of counter-detection activities undertaken by members of organised crime groups has not been acknowledged by researchers. Therefore, the existing body of work on forensic tactics as a scientific discipline needs to be critically analysed, and new definitions need to be adopted. The scope of the study includes definitions of forms of counter-detection activities (e.g. counter-surveillance or inverse surveillance), as well as the classification and functions of counter-detection activities. The article seeks to establish a framework and define the conceptual grid and key assumptions underlying the concept of counter-detection activities. It is the first desk-research analysis to systematise knowledge on the counter-detection activities of criminal groups. Analysis results are the basis for the creation of a theory of anti-forensics,: its typology is presented with the example of groups of football hooligans. The authors define the concept of counter-detection activities and its purpose, and seek to delineate the basic forms and strategies of counter-detection. The knowledge presented is also referred to as ‘anti-forensics’, which in fact, is a specific area of knowledge on how to prevent the detection of crimes and criminals. This follows directly from the wording of the cardinal rule of all crime-fighting: ‘Think like a criminal’.
The Observance of Human Rights and Freedoms during the Covert Obtaining of Information in Criminal Proceedings
Authors: Babikov Oleksandr , Fedorenko Ihor , Omelchenko Oleksandr , Lyseiuk Andrii , Panova Oksana 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article focuses on the analysis of problematic aspects of the system of internal control and judicial review over the protection of human rights and freedoms in the context of covert obtaining of information for the needs of criminal justice. Focusing on control measures and striking a balance between justice and human rights, the article dwells upon the effectiveness of supervision mechanisms and the factors affecting their efficiency. Analysis of legislation and case law of various European countries is therefore carried out to assess the effectiveness of control measures. Various factors that determine the effectiveness of control measures are examined. In addition, ways of solving these issues in the legislation of European countries and other jurisdictions are considered. As a result, the main problems and obstacles in ensuring the rights and freedoms of citizens while secretly obtaining information for criminal justice are identified. Furthermore, the effectiveness of mechanisms of internal control and judicial review in criminal proceedings is evaluated. Finally, a course of actions is suggested to maintain the balance of interests between criminal justice and human rights and freedoms.
New diagnostic approach to central hypothyroidism after traumatic brain injury in children and adolescents
Authors: Graca Geraldo Miranda , Aguiar Luiz Roberto , De Lacerda Luiz 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundPituitary lesions after traumatic brain injury (TBI) are frequent in children and adolescents, but the rate of post-TBI central hypothyroidism remains uncertain.ObjectiveTo identify the long-term incidence of post-TBI CH and the clinical and laboratory characteristics of this complication in children and adolescents.MethodsThe analysis included 31 patients with a history of TBI with at least 1 year of follow-up. Patients were evaluated at hospital admission and every 3 months thereafter. Assessments included clinical evaluation, brain CT and hormone assessments (basal fT4, IGF-1, cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone; insulin tolerance test/thyrotropin-releasing hormone test with TSH, growth hormone and cortisol measurement; and corticotropin-releasing hormone test, if indicated). The CH diagnosis was based on clinical and laboratory findings and a therapeutic trial with levothyroxine.ResultsOverall, five patients (16%) developed CH (3 with associated adrenal insufficiency). At 3 and 12 months, median fT4 values were lower in patients with CH compared with those without anterior pituitary dysfunction (n = 18; P = 0.01). Patients with CH received levothyroxine and progressed with clinical resolution and increased median fT4 (from 0.92 to 1.47 ng/dL) and IGF-1 (from −2.08 to −0.22 standard deviation scores (SDS)) levels. Temporary suspension of levothyroxine was accompanied by decreased median fT4 (1.02 ng/dL) and IGF-1 (−1.07 SDS) levels and reappearance of clinical symptoms, which resolved once levothyroxine was reinitiated.ConclusionsThe longer follow-up, valorization of clinical manifestations, nontraditional laboratory approach and therapeutic trial with levothyroxine in the present study revealed a higher rate of post-TBI CH in children and adolescents than that reported in the literature.
Perceived Psychological Well-Being of Lithuanian Judges
Authors: Valickas Gintautas , Vanagaitė Kristina 
Published: January 2025

The article examines the psychological well-being of judges. The aim of the study is to reveal the peculiarities of Lithuanian judges’ psychological well-being. The following questions were sought to be answered: (1) what is the character of perceived psychological well-being of judges; (2) does there exist any relation among the psychological well-being of judges, experience accumulated by the participants, and their sociodemographic characteristics. The participants (307 judges from various Lithuanian courts) completed the Psychological Well-Being of Judges questionnaire developed by the authors of this paper. The findings revealed that the psychological well-being of judges perceived by the participants was more positive than negative: from thirteen components of psychological well-being, six components elicit a strong satisfaction, two – moderate and five – weak satisfaction of judges. The judges’ experience of psychological well-being was related with the gender, age, work experience, work place (District Court, County Court, or The Supreme Court of Lithuania, The Supreme Administrative Court of Lithuania, and The Court of Appeal of Lithuania) and size of the city or town they were working in: a metropolitan city (Kaunas, Klaipėda, Panevėžys, Šiauliai, Vilnius) or other towns of Lithuania. The data gathered suggest that psychological well-being is a fairly relevant problem for Lithuanian judges; therefore, the Judicial Council, leaders of the Courts, and the National Courts Administration should devote more attention to it.
Employee Surveillance Using Algorithmic Management Based on Artificial Intelligence Systems
Authors: Breskienė Ineta 
Published: January 2025

The article analyses the legal regulation of employee surveillance managed by employers carried on algorithmic management based on artificial intelligence systems. Employers observe employees and their work so that to smoothly organize work processes at workplaces, ensure efficient use of resources, and manage risks. Through the process of surveillance, personal data of employees are collected, which are later analysed; hence, employees may experience direct legal consequences (for example, termination of employment, violations of work duties, adjusted wages, etc.). Algorithmic management based on artificial intelligence systems generates various risks to employees. Before starting their application, employers have to evaluate various requirements. The key requirements arise from the Artificial Intelligence Act, the General Data Protection Regulation and the practice formed by the European Court of Human Rights which has been established regarding employee surveillance. Also, the employer has the obligation to ensure the employee’s privacy rights, since, when applying algorithmic management, artificial intelligence systems can sometimes make hardly predictable insights and reveal extremely sensitive facts about the employee. The issue of informing and consulting employees and their representatives regarding the implementation and use of algorithmic management based on artificial intelligence systems in the work environment is analysed.
Recovery of Damages for Mental Anguish Relating to Death Grief: the Jurisprudence of Certain Common Law Jurisdictions
Authors: Lytvynenko Anatoliy A. 
Published: January 2025

Courts in Common Law jurisdictions usually did not grant the recovery of damages for mental suffering unaccompanied with a physical injury or other wrong until the late 19th century. However, the given maxim changed when American courts allowed recovering damages for mental suffering in cases of improper delivery (or non-delivery) of telegraph messages, which primordially related to the death or serious illness of close relatives. English courts also recognized nervous shock to be recoverable in a handful of cases of the late 19th – early 20th century. In the several subsequent decades, the world of Common Law witnessed a multitude of cases, where the plaintiffs managed to recover damages caused by disinterment of graves, maltreatment of cadavers, negligence in burials and similar causes, where injury to feelings was connected with the demise of a close relative, or, as proposed by the author of the article, for the matter of brevity, death grief. In England, the recovery of damages for mental suffering from death grief was recognized by the judiciary in the case of Owens v. Liverpool Corp. (1938), which became one of paramount cases on recovery of damages for mental suffering relating to death grief, whereas there is a multitude of legal precedents of such recognition in the United States, and the key precedent upon this subject in Canada is the case of Mason v. Westside Cemeteries, Ltd. (1996). The article discusses English, American and Canadian cases, where the given topic is invoked.
Parental and Medical Classification of Neurodevelopment in Children Born Preterm
Authors: Richter Lindsay L. , Janvier Annie , Pearce Rebecca , Bourque Claude Julie , Church Paige T. , Luu Thuy Mai , Synnes Anne 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
The likelihood and severity of neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) affects critical health care decisions. NDI definitions were developed without parental perspectives. We investigated the agreement between parental vs medical classification of NDI among children born preterm.

METHODS
In this multicenter study, parents of children born preterm (&lt;29 weeks) evaluated at 18 to 21 months corrected age (CA) were asked whether they considered their child as developing normally, having mild/moderate impairment, or having severe impairment. Medical categorization was based on hearing, vision, cerebral palsy status, and Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development Third Edition (Bayley-III) scores. Agreement was analyzed using Cohen’s weighted κ. Discrepancies in categorization by NDI components and parental demographics were examined using the Pearson χ2 test, Fisher exact test, or Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

RESULTS
Children (n = 1098, gestational age 26.1 ± 1.5 weeks, birthweight 919 ± 247 g) were evaluated at 19.6 ± 2.6 months CA at 13 clinics. Agreement between parental and medical NDI classification was poor (κ = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.26–0.35). Parents described their child’s development as normal or less impaired. Only 12% of parents of children classified as having a severe NDI according to the medical definition agreed. There were significant disagreements between classification for children based on Bayley-III cognitive, language, and motor scores but not for cerebral palsy. Discrepancies varied by parental education and ethnicity but not by single caregiver status.

CONCLUSIONS
Parent perception of NDI differs from medical categorization, creating a risk of miscommunication. This indicates an overestimation of the impact of disability by clinicians, which may affect life-and-death decisions. Parental perspectives should be considered when reporting and discussing neurodevelopmental outcomes.
HETEROTOPIC PANCREAS OF THE GIT: TWO CASE STUDIES AND LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: V. Bozhkov  , P. Chernopolsky  
Published: January 2025

Heterotopic pancreas is pancreatic tissue that is found outside its anatomical location. It is asymptomatic and is detected accidently. The risk of malignant transformation is low. It can be found in all organs of the GIT. Purpose: We present two clinical cases of heterotopic pancreas. The first patient is a 61-year-old man who presented with pain in the epigastrium, the upper right quadrant, weight loss and history of gallstone disease, gastritis and peptic ulcer. The second case is a 79-year-old woman, hospitalized with complaints of abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Results: The patients were operated. The intraoperative finding was chronically inflamed gallbladder and tumour formation in the pyloro-antral part of the stomach. Cholecystectomy and resection of the tumour formation were performed, followed by pyloroplasty in first patient. Internal incarceration of the ileum with necrosis and Meckel's diverticulum was established. Resection of the small intestine was performed with anastomosis and resection of the Meckel’s diverticulum in the second case. Histological examination of both specimens revealed ectopic pancreatic tissue in the stomach and in the Meckel's diverticulum. Conclusions: Heterotopic pancreas is a rare pathology. Surgical removal of the tumour is the only radical treatment.