bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Touch to learn: Multisensory input supports word learning and processing
Authors: Seidl Amanda H. , Indarjit Michelle , Borovsky Arielle 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInfants experience language in rich multisensory environments. For example, they may first be exposed to the word applesauce while touching, tasting, smelling, and seeing applesauce. In three experiments using different methods we asked whether the number of distinct senses linked with the semantic features of objects would impact word recognition and learning. Specifically, in Experiment 1 we asked whether words linked with more multisensory experiences were learned earlier than words linked fewer multisensory experiences. In Experiment 2, we asked whether 2‐year‐olds’ known words linked with more multisensory experiences were better recognized than those linked with fewer. Finally, in Experiment 3, we taught 2‐year‐olds labels for novel objects that were linked with either just visual or visual and tactile experiences and asked whether this impacted their ability to learn the new label‐to‐object mappings. Results converge to support an account in which richer multisensory experiences better support word learning. We discuss two pathways through which rich multisensory experiences might support word learning.
When social assistance meets market power: A mixed duopoly view of health insurance in the United States
Authors: Ranasinghe Ashantha , Su Xuejuan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe develop a mixed duopoly model with quality‐differentiated products. The public firm offers its product for free to eligible individuals, while the private firm chooses its product quality and price to maximize profit. We calibrate the model to health insurance for the U.S. working‐age population, with Medicaid being the public firm. We examine distributional implications of policies that expand Medicaid to various degrees. Despite potentially significant inefficiency of Medicaid, its expansion is welfare improving. Central to these findings is the significant market power of the private firm when left unchecked, which is increasingly disciplined as more individuals become Medicaid eligible.
The 2022 European postgraduate (residency) programme in neurology in a historical and international perspective
Authors: Bassetti Claudio L. A. , Soffietti Riccardo , Vodušek David B. , Schoser Benedikt , Kuks Jan B. M. , Rakusa Martin , Cras Patrick , Boon Paul A. J. M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeNeurology residency programmes, which were first established at the beginning of the 20th century, have become mandatory all over Europe in the last 40–50 years. The first European Training Requirements in Neurology (ETRN) were published in 2005 and first updated in 2016. This paper reports the most recent revisions of the ETRN.MethodsMembers of the EAN board performed an in depth revision of the ETNR 2016‐version, which was reviewed by members of the European Board and Section of Neurology of the UEMS, the Education and Scientific Panels, the Resident and Research Fellow Section and the Board of the EAN, as well as the presidents of the 47 European National Societies.ResultsThe new (2022) ETRN suggest a 5‐year training subdivided in three phases: a first phase (2 years) of general neurology training, a second phase (2 years) of training in neurophysiology/neurological subspecialties and a third phase (1 year) to expand clinical training (e.g., in other neurodisciplines) or for research (path for clinical neuroscientist). The necessary theoretical and clinical competences as well as learning objectives in diagnostic tests have been updated, are newly organized in four levels and include 19 neurological subspecialties. Finally, the new ETRN require, in addition to a programme director, a team of clinician‐educators who regularly review the resident's progress.The 2022 update of the ETRN reflects emerging requirements for the practice of neurology and contributes to the international standardization of training necessary for the increasing needs of residents and specialists across Europe.
Catering and cash savings
Authors: Chen Hsuan‐Chi , Chou Robin K. , Lu Chien‐Lin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe examine the catering of managers to investors' preference for cash holdings. We find that cash is positively related to the cash‐holding premium as represented by the difference in the market‐to‐book ratios between cash‐rich and noncash‐rich firms. This positive effect can be attributed to different sources such as internal and external financing, and firms may switch their sources for holding cash when catering to investors' preference. Issuing firms benefit from catering to cash holdings by obtaining higher valuations from the stock market. The catering theory helps explain cash savings especially for firms without a good timing window or financing need.
Pellino‐1 expression is associated with epidermal proliferation and enhanced Th17 cell infiltration in psoriatic lesions
Authors: Cho Haeyon , Park Nora Jee‐Young , Ko Jiwon , Lee Chang‐Woo , Lee Jin‐Kwan , Maeng Young‐In , Go Heounjeong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPellino‐1 plays a crucial role in cellular proliferation and regulates inflammatory processes. This study investigated Pellino‐1 expression patterns and their relationship with CD4+ T‐cell subsets in psoriasis patients. Group 1 comprised primarily biopsied psoriasis lesions from 378 patients, multiplex‐immunostained for Pellino‐1, CD4 and representative T helper (Th) cells (T‐bet [Th1], GATA3 [Th2], and RORγt [Th17] and regulatory T cell [FoxP3] markers). Ki‐67 labeling was evaluated in the epidermis. Group 2 comprised 43 Pellino‐1‐positive cases immunostained for Pellino‐1 in both lesion and non‐lesion skin biopsy samples. Five normal skin biopsies served as controls. Among 378 psoriasis cases, 293 (77.5%) were positive for Pellino‐1 in the epidermis. Pellino‐1‐positivity was higher in psoriasis lesions than in non‐lesions and normal skin (52.55% vs. 40.43% vs. 3.48%, p < 0.001; H‐score, 72.08 vs. 47.55 vs. 4.40, p < 0.001, respectively). Pellino‐1‐positive cases also had a significantly higher Ki‐67 labeling index (p < 0.001). Epidermal Pellino1‐positivity was significantly associated with higher RORγt+ (p = 0.001) and FoxP3+ (p < 0.001) CD4+ T cell ratios but not T‐bet+ and GATA3+ CD4+ T cell ratios. Among the CD4+Pellino‐1+ T‐cell subsets, the CD4+Pellino‐1+RORγt+ ratio was significantly associated with epidermal Pellinio‐1 expression (p < 0.001). Pellino‐1 expression is thus increased in psoriasis lesions and associated with increased epidermal proliferation and CD4+ T‐cell subset infiltration, especially Th17 cells. This suggests that Pellino‐1 could be a therapeutic target that simultaneously regulates psoriasis epidermal proliferation and immune interactions.
Nursing home caregivers' acceptance of, and experiences with, a new digital intervention for oral healthcare: A qualitative feasibility study
Authors: Lee Hannah Haewon , Melbye Elisabeth Lind 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesThe objectives of the present study were to qualitatively investigate nursing home caregivers' acceptance of, and experiences with, a new digital intervention for oral healthcare after a period of real‐life testing in three nursing homes located in Rogaland county, Norway.BackgroundNursing home caregivers report numerous barriers when it comes to provision of adequate oral care for care‐dependent older adults. Among the reported barriers are lack of knowledge and skills, care‐resistant behaviours, lack of adequate routines and documentation systems for oral health, a high workload, and unclear responsibilities. To overcome these barriers, a digital tool named SmartJournal was developed to assist caregivers in preserving nursing home residents' oral health.Materials and methodsSemistructured interviews were performed with selected caregivers (n = 12) taking part in SmartJournal testing. A theory‐driven thematic analysis based on technology acceptance model was conducted.ResultsSmartJournal was generally described as a userfriendly and useful tool. The initial reaction of the participants was mixed; some were positive, some had concerns, but many seemed to have a neutral stance to the intervention. Both barriers and facilitating factors for SmartJournal usage were revealed. Interestingly, the usage gradually changed from norm‐based to routine‐based behaviour during the test period. Although the tool was well‐accepted, as demonstrated with study participants' willingness to use it in the future, they had several suggestions for improvements to further adapt it to a nursing home setting.ConclusionResults from the present study provide valuable information on questions about SmartJournal acceptance and intervention delivery, thereby preparing the ground for a larger scale evaluation study assessing measurable effects of SmartJournal usage in nursing homes.
A New Albite Microanalytical Reference Material from Piz Beverin for Na, Al and Si Determination, and the Potential for New K‐Feldspar Reference Materials
Authors: Allaz Julien M. , Guillong Marcel , Tavazzani Lorenzo , Spiekermann Georg , Zehnder Lydia , Bullock Emma , DesOrmeau Joel , Jercinovic Michael J. , Krause Joachim , Marxer Felix , Nachlas William O. , Spratt John 
Published: June 2023

Determination of alkali elements is important to Earth scientists, yet suitable and reliable microanalytical reference materials are lacking. This paper proposes a new albite reference material and evaluates the potential for future K‐feldspar reference materials. The proposed Piz Beverin albite reference material from Switzerland yields a homogeneous composition at the centimetre‐ to micrometre‐scale for Si, Al and Na with < 2000 μg g‐1 total trace elements (mostly heterogeneously distributed Ca, K and Sr). EPMA and LA‐ICP‐MS measurements confirm a composition of 99.5(2)% albite component, which is supported further by bulk XRF measurements. A round robin evaluation involving nine independent EPMA laboratories confirms its composition and homogeneity for Si, Al and Na. In addition, a set of five distinct clear K‐feldspar samples was evaluated as possible reference materials. The first two crystals of adular and orthoclase yield unacceptable inhomogeneities with > 2% relative local variations of Na, K and Ba contents. The three other investigated sets of K‐feldspar crystals are yellow sanidine crystals from Itrongay (Madagascar). Despite distinct compositions, EPMA confirms they are each homogeneous at the centimetre to micrometre scale for Si, Al and K and have no apparent inclusions; further investigation to find larger amounts of these materials is therefore justified.
Serial increase and high alpha‐fetoprotein levels predict the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in 6 months
Authors: Su Tung‐Hung , Chang Shan‐Han , Chen Chi‐Ling , Liao Sih‐Han , Tseng Tai‐Chung , Hsu Shih‐Jer , Hong Chun‐Ming , Liu Chen‐Hua , Yang Hung‐Chih , Liu Chun‐Jen , Chen Pei‐Jer , Kao Jia‐Horng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimAlpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) checkup with abdominal ultrasonography for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance remains controversial. We evaluated a serial AFP‐increase and high AFP levels in the prediction of HCC.MethodsAt‐risk patients with chronic liver disease underwent HCC surveillance with trimonthly AFP measurement were included and categorized into HCC and non‐HCC groups. Their AFP levels at 12, 9, and 6 months (−6M) before the outcome date were evaluated. Group‐based trajectory analysis and multivariable regression analysis were performed to identify AFP trajectories as risk predictors for HCC.ResultsOverall, 2776 patients were included in the HCC (n = 326) and non‐HCC (n = 2450) groups. Serial AFP levels were significantly higher in the HCC than the non‐HCC groups. Trajectory analysis identified AFP‐increase group (11%) increased 24‐fold risks of HCC compared with the AFP‐stable (89%) group. Compared with patients without the AFP‐increase, a serial 3‐month AFP‐increase ≥10% elevated HCC risk by 12.1‐fold (95% CI: 6.5–22.4) in 6 months, and the HCC risks increased 13–60 fold in patients with cirrhosis, hepatitis B, or C receiving antiviral therapy, or AFP levels <20 ng/ml. Combining serial AFP‐increase ≥10% and AFP ≥20 ng/ml at −6M significantly increased 41.7‐fold (95% CI: 13.8–126.2) HCC risks. In patients who underwent biannual AFP checkups, those with both 6‐month AFP‐increase ≥10% and AFP ≥20 ng/ml increased 22.1‐fold (95% CI: 12.52–39.16) HCC risks in 6 months. Most HCCs were detected at an early stage.ConclusionsSerial 3–6‐month AFP‐increase of ≥10% previously and AFP level of ≥20 ng/ml significantly increased HCC risks in 6 months.
Composition and implications of foreign‐language anxiety among American study‐abroad students in Morocco
Authors: Bensalem Elias , Trevethan Robert 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this study, the foreign‐language anxiety (FLA) of American students of Arabic on three study‐abroad programs in Morocco was examined. Exploratory factor analyses (EFAs) of the students’ data based on items from the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale yielded four distinct factors, or domains, of FLA: Somatic Distress, Self‐Doubt, Nonengagement, and Apprehension. Although the students had a moderate level of self‐doubt concerning their studies as well as a moderate level of apprehension about being with Arabic L1 users, they tended to report engagement and absence of somatic distress in relation to Arabic. Scores among all four factors differed significantly from each other, apart from the comparison between Self‐Doubt and Apprehension. In addition to having implications for pedagogical practice and study‐abroad programs, this research is an attempt to demonstrate best practice in EFA.
Comparison of culture media reveals that non‐essential amino acids strongly affect the phenotype of human monocyte‐derived macrophages
Authors: Antonsen Kristian W. , Friis Henriette N. , Sorensen Boe S. , Etzerodt Anders , Moestrup Søren K. , Møller Holger J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMacrophages are important innate immune cells with the ability to adapt their phenotype to environmental cues. Research on human macrophages often uses monocyte‐derived macrophages cultured in vitro, but it is unclear if culture medium affects macrophage phenotype. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of culture medium composition on monocyte‐derived macrophage phenotype. Monocyte‐derived macrophages were generated in different formulations of culture media (RPMI 1640, DMEM, MEM, McCoy's 5a and IMDM). Viability, yield and cell size were monitored, and RT‐qPCR, flow cytometry or ELISA was used to compare levels of phenotype markers (CD163, CD206, CD80, TNFα, IL‐10, SIRPα, LILRB1 and Siglec‐10). Yield, cell size, gene expression, membrane protein levels and release of soluble proteins were all affected by changes in culture medium composition. The most pronounced effects were observed after culture in DMEM, which lacks the non‐essential amino acids asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and proline. Supplementation of DMEM with non‐essential amino acids either fully or partly reversed most effects of DMEM on macrophage phenotype. The results suggest culture medium composition and amino acid availability affect the phenotype of human monocyte‐derived macrophages cultured in vitro.
Prevalence and incidence of venous leg ulcers—A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Probst Sebastian , Saini Camille , Gschwind Géraldine , Stefanelli Alessio , Bobbink Paul , Pugliese Marie‐Thérèse , Cekic Sezen , Pastor Damien , Gethin Georgina 
Published: June 2023

AbstractVenous leg ulcers (VLU) represent a major public health challenge. Little is known about the prevalence and incidence of VLU internationally. Published studies are usually reporting different estimates because of disparities in study designs and measurement methods. Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature review and meta‐analysis to identify the prevalence and incidence of VLU internationally and to characterise the population as reported in these studies. Studies were identified from searches in Medline (PubMed), CINAHL Complete (EBSCOhost), Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, LiSSa (Littérature Scientifique en Santé), Google Scholar and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews up to November 2022. Studies were included if their primary outcomes were reported as a period prevalence or point prevalence or cumulative incidence or incidence VLU rate. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria, 10 reporting estimates of prevalence, three reporting both prevalence and incidence estimates and one incidence. All were included in meta‐analyses. The results show a pooled prevalence of 0.32% and a pooled incidence of 0.17%. Our results highlighted an extreme heterogeneity across effect sizes for both prevalence and incidence, which prevent a meaningful interpretation of pooled indexes and argue for further studies with specific prevalence‐type reported and target population under study.
Improving diagnostic accuracy of 3 Screen ICA ELISA kit in the identification of Japanese type 1 diabetes
Authors: Kawasaki Eiji , Jinnouchi Hideaki , Maeda Yasutaka , Okada Akira , Ito Yoshihisa , Kawai Koichi 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTAim/IntroductionThis study aimed to investigate the clinical utility of 3 Screen ICA ELISA in identifying immune‐mediated type 1 diabetes in Japanese subjects.MethodsWe compared the positivity of 3 Screen ICA were compared with autoantibodies against GAD, IA‐2, and ZnT8 in 638 patients with type 1 diabetes and 159 healthy control subjects.ResultsWith a cut‐off value of 20.0 index, 67.4% of acute‐onset type 1 diabetic patients, 71.8% of slowly progressive type 1 diabetic (SPIDDM) patients, and none of the fulminant type 1 diabetic patients showed 3 Screen ICA levels above this threshold. The prevalence of 3 Screen ICA was 14.2% higher in acute‐onset type 1 diabetes and 1.6% higher in SPIDDM than in GADA. 3 Screen ICA‐positive cases were found in 4.8% of cases of individual autoantibody‐negative acute‐onset type 1 diabetes and 3.8% of SPIDDM, indicating improved diagnostic sensitivity with the 3 Screen ICA. Among individual autoantibody‐negative patients, the sum of each autoantibody level was significantly lower in fulminant type 1 diabetes than in acute onset type 1 diabetes and in SPIDDM (P < 0.0001). Additionally, 84.2% of patients negative for individual autoantibodies but positive for 3 Screen ICA had a sum of individual autoantibody levels of ≥4.7 U/mL. Furthermore, 3 Screen ICA levels were significantly higher in patients with type 1 diabetes with other autoimmune diseases than in those without (P < 0.0001).ConclusionOur findings suggest that the 3 Screen ICA ELISA may be a valuable screening tool for Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes, potentially increasing the diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy beyond the existing GADA, IA‐2A, and ZnT8A tests.
Structure of rosettes in the zona glomerulosa of human adrenal cortex
Authors: Zhu Yumin , Zhang Xuefeng , Hu Changlong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRecent studies in mouse models have demonstrated that the multi‐cellular rosette structure of the adrenal zona glomerulosa (ZG) is crucial for aldosterone production by ZG cells. However, the rosette structure of human ZG has remained unclear. The human adrenal cortex undergoes remodeling during aging, and one surprising change is the occurrence of aldosterone‐producing cell clusters (APCCs). It is intriguing to know whether APCCs form a rosette structure like normal ZG cells. In this study, we investigated the rosette structure of ZG in human adrenal with and without APCCs, as well as the structure of APCCs. We found that glomeruli in human adrenal are enclosed by a laminin subunit β1 (lamb1)‐rich basement membrane. In slices without APCCs, each glomerulus contains an average of 11 ± 1 cells. In slices with APCCs, each glomerulus in normal ZG contains around 10 ± 1 cells, while each glomerulus in APCCs has significantly more cells (average of 22 ± 1). Similar to what was observed in mice, cells in normal ZG or in APCCs of human adrenal formed rosettes through β‐catenin‐ and F‐actin‐rich adherens junctions. The cells in APCCs form larger rosettes through enhanced adherens junctions. This study provides, for the first time, a detailed characterization of the rosette structure of human adrenal ZG and shows that APCCs are not an unstructured cluster of ZG cells. This suggests that the multi‐cellular rosette structure may also be necessary for aldosterone production in APCCs.
Advanced MRI to assess hippocampal injury after incomplete cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion in rats
Authors: Fu Lan , Zhang Li‐Min , Guan Lin‐Na , Song Yan‐Cheng , Zhang Dong‐Xue , Kang Li‐Qing , Liu Feng‐Hai 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate advanced MRI findings in the bilateral hippocampus CA1 region of rats with hemorrhagic shock reperfusion (HSR) and their correlation with histopathological results. Additionally, this study aimed to identify effective MRI examination methods and detection indexes for assessing HSR.MethodsRats were randomized into the HSR and the Sham groups with 24 rats in each group. MRI examination included diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) and 3‐dimensional arterial spin labeling (3D‐ASL). Apoptosis and pyroptosis were evaluated directly from tissue.ResultsIn the HSR group, cerebral blood flow (CBF) was significantly lower than that of the Sham group, while radial kurtosis (Kr), axial kurtosis (Ka), and mean kurtosis (MK) were all higher. In the HSR group, fractional anisotropy (FA) at 12 and 24 hours and radial diffusivity, axial diffusivity (Da), and mean diffusivity (MD) at 3 and 6 hours were lower than in the Sham group. MD and Da at 24 hours in the HSR group were significantly higher. The apoptosis rate and pyroptosis rate were also enhanced in the HSR group. CBF, FA, MK, Ka, and Kr values in the early stage were strongly correlated with apoptosis rate and pyroptosis rate. The metrics were obtained from DKI and 3D‐ASL.ConclusionsAdvanced MRI metrics from DKI and 3D‐ASL, including CBF, FA, Ka, Kr, and MK values, are useful to evaluate abnormal blood perfusion and microstructural changes in the hippocampus CA1 area in the setting of incomplete cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion in rats induced by HSR.