bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early adaptations of true flies (Diptera) to moist and aquatic continental environments
Authors: Peñalver Enrique , Matamales‐Andreu Rafel , Nel André , Pérez‐de la Fuente Ricardo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInsect colonization of continental aquatic ecosystems and their immediate surroundings was paramount for the establishment of complex trophic nets and organic‐matter recycling in those environments. True flies and other insects such as mayflies developed crucial ecological roles in early continental aquatic ecosystems, as early as the Triassic. However, the mode and tempo of these processes remain poorly known, partly due to a critical fossil record gap before the Middle Triassic. Here we study the dipterans from the early Middle Triassic Konservat‐Lagerstätte of Pedra Alta (Aegean, early Anisian, Spain), which yields the oldest records of the order. Protoanisolarva juarezi gen. et sp. nov., based on an exceptionally preserved larva, shares key features with the extant nematoceran family Anisopodidae. Developing in inferred moist terrestrial environments contiguous with pools inhabited by aquatic organisms, it represents the only known Triassic dipteran larva with terrestrial affinities indicating that the amphipneustic respiratory system of insect larvae extends back to c. 247 Ma. Two nematoceran aquatic pupae are also described: one classified as Voltziapupa cf. cornuta, and the other as an indeterminate taxon. Finally, an egg cluster belonging to the ootaxon Clavapartus latus is likely to have been produced by chironomids. These eggs were included in a mucilaginous matrix, a probable adaptation against predation and/or changing conditions, including desiccation. These new findings provide key data on the early evolutionary history of the mega‐diverse order Diptera, the ecology of their ancestral pre‐adult forms, and the functioning of early Middle Triassic continental aquatic ecosystems.
Anatomy, palaeoautecology and phylogenetic affinity of tubular Glossolites magnus from the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota, South China
Authors: Sun Haijing , Zhao Fangchen , Zhu Maoyan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA number of well‐preserved fossil taxa from the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota of South China have played important roles in the construction and analysis of the early evolutionary tree of metazoans. Certain other Chengjiang taxa, erected based on limited characters, have yielded little or no information concerning key aspects of their palaeobiology, and consequently their phylogenetic significance has been difficult to assess. One such taxon is the large conical animal Glossolites magnus. Exceptionally preserved new material of this soft‐bodied species herein, bearing oral tentacles and internal structures, indicates that G. magnus is not, as previously proposed, a hyolith. This work provides further information about possible biological affinities and palaeoautecology, which still remain open questions.
Analytical reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography method development for silodosin and solifenacin in bulk and marketed formulation using analytical quality by design approach
Authors: Dhiman Shubham , Kurmi Balak Das , Asati Vivek 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA reliable HPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of Silodosin and Solifenacin was developed using the quality by design approach. In this study, the main goal was to find a dependable chromatographic system for acceptable component separation. The peaks were sharp within a reasonable run time. For the risk measurement related to the study, critical quality attributes were evaluated. To create an analytical design and a control strategy, the quantitative relationship between critical materials attributes and critical quality attributes was built utilizing the Box‐Behnken design. The optimum and ideal mobile phase ratio selected as per the quality by design approach was acetonitrile:methanol:buffer (50:20:30, v/v/v) which has a pH 4.5 flow rate of 1 ml/min. The buffer system used in this mobile phase was potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate. The retention time for Silodosin and Solifenacin determined was 3.626 and 5.754 min. respectively at λmax = 210 nm. The R2 value calculated for Silodosin and Solifenacin was 0.9994 and 0.9982, respectively. The related standard deviation was less than 2% for the developed method showing good reproducibility and recovery. A simple, precise, and repeatable high‐performance liquid chromatography method for regular quality control testing was developed simultaneously by applying a quality by design approach.
Predictive maintenance analytics and implementation for aircraft: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Stanton Izaak , Munir Kamran , Ikram Ahsan , El‐Bakry Murad 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe increase in available data from sensors embedded in industrial equipment has led to a recent rise in the use of industrial predictive maintenance. In the aircraft industry, predictive maintenance has become an essential tool for optimizing maintenance schedules, reducing aircraft downtime, and identifying unexpected faults. Despite this, there is currently no comprehensive survey of predictive maintenance applications and techniques solely devoted to the aircraft manufacturing industry. This article is an in‐depth state‐of‐the‐art systematic literature review of the different data types, applications, projects, and opportunities for predictive maintenance in this industry. The goal of this review is to identify, and highlight the challenges and opportunities for future research in this field. This review found that the current focus of research is too biased towards aircraft engines due to a lack of publicly available data sets, and that greater automation is an important step to optimize aircraft maintenance to its full potential.
A Pandemic Partnership: Preservice Teachers and Fourth Graders Engage in Virtual Book Clubs
Authors: Kelly Katie , Cameron Likens Alyssa 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhen preservice teachers were no longer able to visit schools due to the pandemic, their university professor partnered with an alum who teaches fourth grade to design and implement virtual book clubs. The preservice teachers created book trailers for the fourth graders to view and choose from for their book club. The groups connected using a variety of digital platforms and modalities to discuss the selected books. Through this virtual experience, the preservice teachers learned how to individualize their responses using the Four‐N‐Framework as a guide to nurture and nudge each reader through virtual book club conversations.
Differentiating Strongylus vulgaris‐associated, non‐strangulating intestinal infarctions from idiopathic peritonitis and acute colitis in horses
Authors: Poulsen Lea , Henriksson Frida V. , Dahl Melissa , Honoré Marie Louise , Olsen Susanne N. , Leifsson Páll S. , Stærk‐Østergaard Jacob , Jacobsen Stine , Pihl Tina H. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundHorses with non‐strangulating intestinal infarction (NSII) are often misdiagnosed with idiopathic peritonitis or acute colitis. Early diagnosis is essential to ensure early surgical intervention and improve survival.MethodsClinical and laboratory data from horses admitted to the University of Copenhagen Large Animal Teaching Hospital with NSII, idiopathic peritonitis or acute colitis between 2009 and 2018 were used for univariate comparisons and a multivariable logistic regression model for prediction of NSII.ResultsTwo hundred and thirty‐one horses were included. A multivariable model for the prediction of NSII included gastric reflux (more than 5 L) (odds ratio [OR] 8.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.1–36.2), abnormal findings palpated per rectum (intestinal dilatations/impactions [OR 4.43; 95% CI 1.43–13.38], colon displacements [OR 23.16; 95% CI 5.26–101.97] or intestinal mass [OR 179.7; 95% CI 23.5–1375.5]), white blood cell count (OR 1.2; 95% CI 1.1–1.4), packed cell volume (OR 0.9; 95% CI 0.8–0.9), age (OR 0.9; 95% CI 0.8–1.0) and heart rate (OR 1.1; 95% CI 1.0–1.1). The model had a low false positive rate (5%), but a high false negative rate (50%).LimitationsDue to the retrospective nature of the study, sample collection was inconsistent, resulting in missing values.ConclusionThe model had some capability in predicting NSII. However, the high risk of false negatives means that exploratory laparotomy should be considered in horses with peritonitis of unknown aetiology in areas where Strongylus vulgaris is prevalent and occurrence of idiopathic peritonitis is low.
Skeletal muscle dissemination in a dog with T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Magni Tommaso , Signore Francesca Del , Vignoli Massimo , Terragni Rossella , Poli Alessandro , Parisi Francesca , Sampaolo Michele , Boari Andrea , Miglio Arianna , Crisi Paolo Emidio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA 5‐year‐old spayed female American Staffordshire was referred for weakness, reluctance to move and distension of the abdomen. Three weeks before, the dog underwent surgery for excision of a nodular mass suspected to be a non‐epitheliotropic cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (NE‐CTCL). Computed tomography revealed heterogeneous enhancing mesenteric masses and nodular lesions of soft tissue density, and infiltration of the abdominal muscular wall. Moreover, a pattern of diffuse muscle nodules in the skeletal muscles was visible, with lesions showing homogenous, heterogeneous or ring enhancement. Necrosis was histologically observed and these lesions were infiltrated by CD3‐positive and CD20‐, CD79a‐ and Iba1‐negative neoplastic lymphocytes. On the basis of the immunopathological features metastatic NE‐CTCL was suspected. Skeletal muscle metastasis has been rarely reported in small animals and this case report further confirms that this possibility should be considered in dogs with lymphoma.
Idiopathic pancreatic haematoma in a lurcher dog
Authors: Henry Perrine , Loane Samantha , Peschard Anne‐Lorraine , Greville‐Heygate Oliver , Skelly Barbara 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA 5‐year‐old, male, neutered lurcher dog was presented for investigation of a cranial abdominal mass and suspected acute pancreatitis. Advanced diagnostic imaging revealed the presence of a cavitated mass, multiple splenic nodules and coeliac lymphadenopathy. Fluid analysis from ultrasound‐guided mass‐lesion aspiration was suggestive of a pancreatic origin. After medical stabilisation, the dog underwent celiotomy where partial left limb pancreatectomy, splenectomy and coeliac lymphadenectomy were performed. Histopathological examination was consistent with a chronic pancreatic haematoma, splenic nodular hyperplasia with sinus histiocytosis and sinus erythrocytosis of the coeliac lymph node. Post‐operatively, the dog recovered rapidly with supportive care. Re‐examination 3 months later showed that it remained clinically normal with no symptoms of pancreatitis, and no evidence of recurrence of the haematoma or metastatic disease. This report describes the presentation of a large pancreatic lesion, compatible with a haematoma, and its successful surgical treatment in a dog.
A retrospective study of choke (oesophageal obstruction) in 64 one‐hump Dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Zabady Mohamed K. , Shawaf Turke 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundChoke (oesophageal obstruction) is an important oesophageal disorder in large domestic animals. Published studies on choke in the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) are few in number and deal with small number of cases.MethodsSixty‐four camels with choke were presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, King Faisal University. History, breed, age, sex, duration of obstruction and clinical signs were recorded. The diagnosis was established using examination with a stomach tube, oesophageal radiography and endoscopy. Choke was managed either by using alligator forceps guided endoscope or by cervical oesophagotomy.ResultsChoke was recorded in camels less than 1 year old (84.38%) more than camels more than 1 year of age (15.62%) and complete obstruction more than partial. Most cases had obstruction involving the cervical oesophagus (96.87%). In the majority of obstructive masses, there were pieces of fabric (48.44%) and plastic bags (35.94%). Most obstructive masses were slightly radio‐opaque (62.5%). Surgical and non‐surgical managements were effective (91.3% and 94.44%, respectively) in resolving the choke.ConclusionsChoke was most likely in animals less than 1 year of age with complete obstruction of the cervical oesophagus. Surgical and non‐surgical methods were effective in resolving the choke in the dromedary camels. It was not practical to use forceps extraction in all adult camels due to the limited length of the alligator forceps.
A survey of smoothing techniques based on a backfitting algorithm in estimation of semiparametric additive models
Authors: Ahmed Syed Ejaz , Aydın Dursun , Yılmaz Ersin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to present an overview of Semiparametric additive models. An estimation of the finite‐parameters of semiparametric regression models that involve additive nonparametric components is explained, including their historical background. In addition, three different smoothing techniques are considered in order to show the working procedures of the estimators and to explore their statistical properties: smoothing splines, kernel smoothing and local linear regression. These methods are compared with respect to both their theoretical and practical behaviors. A simulation study and a real data example are carried out to reveal the performances of the three methods. Accordingly, the advantages and disadvantages of each method regarding semiparametric additive models are presented based on their comparative scores using determined evaluation metrics for loss of information.This article is categorized under:
Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Modeling Methods
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Multivariate Analysis
Statistical Models > Semiparametric Models
Core Optimizations
Authors: Wang Liang , Zhao Jianxin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPerhaps one of the most important questions in a numerical library or software is, “how to make it run faster?” You can never have a piece of scientific computation program that runs too fast or takes too little memory. That is surely also the primary concern when we are designing Owl. In this chapter, we discuss the optimization of the module, the core module that underlies almost all computation in Owl. We first introduce this module and how it interfaces to C code. Next, we briefly introduce the basic principles in optimizing numerical code, including some common techniques. Then we use the code examples in Owl to demonstrate how these techniques are applied in Owl. We finish this chapter with a bit of touch on the topic of automatic performance tuning in numerical libraries.
Algorithmic Differentiation
Authors: Wang Liang , Zhao Jianxin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDifferentiation is key to numerous scientific applications including maximizing or minimizing functions, solving systems of ODEs, physical simulation, etc. Of existing methods, algorithmic differentiation, or AD, is a computer-friendly technique for performing differentiation that is both efficient and accurate. AD is a central component of the architecture design of Owl. In this chapter, we will show, with hands-on examples, how the AD engine is designed and implemented in Owl. AD will be used in some of the other chapters to show its application in optimization and machine learning.
Computation Graph
Authors: Wang Liang , Zhao Jianxin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA computation graph is a basic theoretical tool that underlines modern deep learning libraries. It is also an important component in Owl. This chapter first gives a bird’s-eye view on the computation graph in Owl and its importance in computing. We then demonstrate how to use it in Owl with some examples. Then we will continue to cover the design and implementation details of the computation graph module and how it is fitted into Owl’s functor stack.
Performance Accelerators
Authors: Wang Liang , Zhao Jianxin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) has become one of the most important types of hardware accelerators. It is designed to render 3D graphics and videos and still is core to the gaming industry. Besides creating stunning visual effects, programmers also take advantage of the GPU’s advantage in parallel processing in many fields to perform computing-heavy tasks, such as in health data analytics, physical simulation, artificial intelligence, etc.
Compiler Backends
Authors: Wang Liang , Zhao Jianxin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFor a numerical library, it is always beneficial and challenging to extend to multiple execution backends. We have seen how we support accelerators such as the GPU by utilizing a symbolic representation and computation graph standard such as ONNX. In this chapter, we introduce how Owl can be used on more edge-oriented backends, including JavaScript and unikernel.
Fluid-electromagnetic helicities and knotted solutions of the fluid-electromagnetic equations
Authors: Nastase Horatiu , Sonnenschein Jacob 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this paper we consider an Euler fluid coupled to external electromagnetism. We prove that the Hopfion fluid-electromagnetic knot, carrying fluid and electromagnetic (EM) helicities, solves the fluid dynamical equations as well as the Abanov Wiegmann (AW) equations for helicities, which are inspired by the axial-current anomaly of a Dirac fermion. We also find a nontrivial knot solution with truly interacting fluid and electromagnetic fields. The key ingredients of these phenomena are the EM and fluid helicities. An EM dual system, with a magnetically charged fluid, is proposed and the analogs of the AW equations are written down. We consider a fluid coupled to a nonlinear generalizations for electromagnetism. The Hopfions are shown to be solutions of the generalized equations. We write down the formalism of fluids in 2+1 dimensions, and we dimensionally reduce the 3+1 dimensional solutions. We determine the EM knotted solutions, from which we derive the fluid knots, by applying special conformal transformations with imaginary parameters on un-knotted null constant EM fields.
Electron beam weld penetration depth prediction improved by beam characterisation
Authors: Yin Yi , Kennedy Andrew , Mitchell Tim , Sieczkiewicz Norbert , Jefimovs Vitalijs , Tian Yingtao 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Predicting the penetration depth during electron beam welding (EBW) is important, but the accuracy of current predictive models is highly varied, depending on the type and number of data used. This paper develops and compares several penetration depth prediction models for EBW and uniquely compares the influence of the number and type of data used, as well as the measurement and modelling methods. Although accelerating voltage, beam current and welding speed data are essential modelling inputs, additional data for beam focal position and beam shape, measured using a novel 4-slit beam probing method, greatly improve the accuracy of predictions for models based on an empirical equation, a second-order regression and an artificial neural network (ANN). Optimised models predict weld depths that deviate, on average, by less than 5% from measured depths, are valid for very broad linear electron beam power density ranges (86–324 J/mm) and are close to the estimated 4% inherent variability in the process and its measurement. Within this linear electron beam power density range, the ANN yields accurate and reliable depth predictions, demanding as few as 36 welding trials, decreasing the number required for models that do not consider beam focal position and shape, for the same targeted accuracy, by more than 60%. Adding large volumes of virtual data generated by less reliable analytical or regression models did not improve the predictive capability for the ANN developed in this study.
Pseudomonadota in the oral cavity: a glimpse into the environment-human nexus
Authors: Leão Inês , de Carvalho Teresa Bento , Henriques Valentina , Ferreira Catarina , Sampaio-Maia Benedita , Manaia Célia M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

The phylum Pseudomonadota is amongst the most represented in the environment, with a comparatively lower prevalence in the human oral cavity. The ubiquity of Pseudomonadota and the fact that the oral cavity is the most likely entry portal of bacteria from external sources underlie the need to better understand its occurrence in the interface environment-humans. Yet, the relevance oral Pseudomonadota is largely underexplored in the scientific literature, a gap that this review aims at addressing by making, for the first time, an overview of the diversity and ecology of Pseudomonadota in the oral cavity. The screening of scientific literature and human microbiome databases unveiled 1328 reports of Pseudomonadota in the oral cavity. Most of these belonged to the classes Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria, mainly to the families Neisseriaceae, Campylobacteriaceae, and Pasteurelaceae. Others also regularly reported include genera such as Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Acinetobacter, Escherichia, Burkholderia, or Citrobacter, whose members have high potential to acquire virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. This review provides evidence that clinically relevant environmental Pseudomonadota may colonize humans via oral cavity. The need for further investigation about Pseudomonadota at the environment-oral cavity interface and their role as vectors potentially involved in virulence and antibiotic resistance transmission is demonstrated.

Key points
• Neisseriaceae, Campylobacteriaceae, and Pasteurelaceae are part of the core oral microbiome
• Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter, or Burkholderia are frequent in the oral microbiome
• Gut dysbiosis may be associated with colonization by ubiquitous oral Pseudomonadota

Graphical abstract
Emergency surgical decompression for spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma in octogenarians: risk factors, clinical outcomes, and complications
Authors: Lenga Pavlina , Knittelfelder Marilena , Gülec Gelo , Kiening Karl , Unterberg Andreas W. , Ishak Basem 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurposeSpontaneous spinal epidural hematoma (SSEH) is a rare but disabling disease. Although several cases have been reported in the literature, their treatment remains unclear, especially in patients with advanced age. We, therefore, aimed to describe the clinical outcomes of cervical SSEH in octogenarians with an acute onset of neurological illness undergoing laminectomy.MethodsElectronic medical records from a single institution between September 2005 and December 2020 were retrieved. Data on patient demographics, neurological conditions, functional status, surgical characteristics, complications, hospital course, and 90-day mortality were also collected.ResultsTwenty-two patients aged ≥ 80 years with SSEH undergoing laminectomy were enrolled in this study. The mean Charlson comorbidity index was 9.1 ± 2.0, indicating a poor baseline reserve. Ten individuals (45.5%) were taking anticoagulant agents with a pathologic partial thromboplastin time (PTT) of 46.5 ± 3.4 s. Progressive neurological decline, as defined by the motor score (MS), was observed on admission (63.8 ± 14.0). The in-hospital and 90-day mortality were 4.5% and 9.1%, respectively. Notably, the MS (93.6 ± 8.3) improved significantly after surgery (p < 0.05). Revision surgery was necessary in 5 cases due to recurrent hematoma. Anticoagulant agents and pathological PTT are significant risk factors for its occurrence. Motor weakness and comorbidities were unique risk factors for loss of ambulation.ConclusionsLaminectomy and evacuation of the hematoma in octogenarians with progressive neurological decline induce clinical benefits. Emergent surgery seems to be the “state of the art” treatment for SSEH. However, potential complications associated with adverse prognostic factors, such as the use of anticoagulants, should be considered.