bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PADA DINAS PEMADAM KEBAKARAN JAKARTA BARAT
Authors: Febrian Wenny Desty Febrian 
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini berjudul Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Pada Dinas Pemadam Kebakaran Jakarta Barat, yang beralamat di Jalan Tanjung Duren Raya No. 1, RT.12/RW.2, Tanjung Duren Utara, Grogol Petamburan, RT.12/RW.2, Tj. Duren Utara, Kec. Grogol petamburan, Kota Jakarta Barat, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta.. Populasi dan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh anggota operasional pada Dinas Pemadam Kebakaran yang berjumlah 134 orang. Metode pengambilan sampel sacara purposive random sampling, dan mendapatkan jumplah sampel yakni 57 orang. Selanjutnya data tersebut diolah dengan metode kuantitatif yaitu menggunakan alat bantu SEM PLS 3. Kriteria pengambilan keputusan dalam pengujian validitas konvergen didasarkan pada nilai hasil pengujian yang lebih besar dari 0.7. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian diketahui bahwa seluruh nilai hasil uji validitas konvergen lebih besar daripada 0.7. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa indikator untuk menggambarkan variabel dinyatakan valid. Kriteria pengujian validitas diskriminan didasarkan pada nilai variabel pengujian yang lebih besar daripada nilai variabel lainnya. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian diketahui bahwa variabel Y sebesar 0.781. hal ini berarti bahwa variabel X mampu menjelaskan pengaruh dengan variabel Y sebesar 78.1%. sedangkan sisanya sebesar 21.9% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain diluar penelitian ini. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian diketahui bahwa nilai P. value dari hasil pengujian antara variabel x terhadap y sebesar 0.000. maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Kepemimpinan berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja karyawan.

Kata Kunci : Kepemimpinan, Kinerja Karyawan
جرائم التخريب والتهريب الماسة بالاستثمار الأجنبي في المواقع النفطية (دراسة مقارنة)
Authors: Nasser Karimish Khader Aljorany  , Hameed Yasir Raddad  
Published: August 2023

توفر الحماية من جرائم التخريب والتهريب الماسة بالاستثمار الأجنبي في المواقع النفطية ضمانات من أن تتعرض المشاريع الاستثمارية لجرائم تؤدي الى تخريب الاقتصاد الوطني، وسواء كان الغرض منها لمجرد التخريب أم لأغراض إرهابية أو لمنع دخول المستثمرين الأجانب الى البلد 0
وإن لتوفير الحماية من جرائم التخريب والتهريب الماسة بالاستثمار الأجنبي في المواقع النفطية أهمية كبيرة في الحفاظ على الاقتصاد الوطني من الاعتداء عليه، من خلال توفير البيئة الاستثمارية المناسبة لدخول المستثمرين الأجانب الى داخل البلد، ومن ثم يؤدي ذلك الى انتعاش الاقتصاد وخلق فرص عمل مختلفة للعديد من الشرائح، من خلال معاقبة الأشخاص الذين يقومون بارتكاب هذه الجرائم الخطيرة التي تمس الاستثمار الأجنبي، وسواء كان هذا العقاب مقرراً استناداً الى القواعد العامة في قانون العقوبات العراقي النافذ، أو بما تحتويه القوانين الخاصة المعنية بموضوع النفط والغاز والاستثمار الأجنبي، كقانون الحفاظ على الثروة الهيدروكربونية النافذ، وقانون مكافحة تهريب النفط ومشتقاته النافذ، وقانون الاستثمار الخاص بتصفية النفط الخام النافذ، من جزاءات موضوعية يتم فرضها على مرتكبي هذا النوع من الجرائم ذات الخطورة العالية على المجتمع، لكي تؤدي هذه الإجراءات الى جذب الاستثمارات الأجنبية واتخاذ كافة الإجراءات القانونية التي تسهل كذلك على المستثمرين الأجانب، الى البلد .
وإن عدم توفير تلك الحماية يؤدي الى عزوف المستثمرين من دخول إي بلد خوفاً على حياتهم وأموالهم التي يرمون استثمارها في الدولة، وفي العادة فأن الاستثمارات الأجنبية داخل البلد توفر الأموال الكبيرة التي يتم إدخالها الى الدولة، وزيادة مستوى التنمية الاقتصادية ولا سيما في الدول التي لا تمتلك الموارد اللازمة لغرض استثمار ثرواتها الطبيعية أو حتى لا توجد فيها الكوادر المدربة على القيام بهذا الموضوع .
المركز القانوني لمراكز التحكيم في العراق ( دراسة مقارنة )
Authors: Hussaln jabar lazim  , Hassan alwan lefta  
Published: August 2023

إن التطورات التي شهدها ميدان التجارة الدولية كانت السبب الرئيس في ظهور نوع من التحكيم إلا وهو التحكيم المؤسسي. إذ أضحت الحاجة ماسة لوجود تحكيم منظّم بموجبه يعهد إلى مؤسسات مهمتها الأشراف وإدارة عملية التحكيم بمقتضى قواعد إجرائية موضوعة سلفاً من قبل هذه المؤسسات. وقد أطلق على هذه الأخيرة تسمية مراكز التحكيم. ونتيجة لنجاح هذه التجربة فقد انتشرت مراكز ومنظمات التحكيم في معظم دول العالم.
وفي الآونة الأخيرة شهد العراق إنشاء عدد من مراكز التحكيم. ومن هنا خاض البحث عن المركز القانوني لمراكز التحكيم في العراق. من حيث التعريف بهذه المراكز، والوظائف التي تؤديها والأساس القانوني لإنشائها في العراق. فقد افتتحت على أنها منظمات مجتمع مدني؛ وذلك لعدم وجود قانون خاص بأنشاء مراكز التحكيم في العراق فأضحى قانون المنظمات غير الحكومية العراقي يمثل الأساس القانوني لإنشائها. إذ رتب لها حقوق شخصية ومالية، كما رتب عليها من التزامات تجاه الدولة و أشخاص القانون الخاص المتعاملين مع هذه المراكز
الجزاءات التأديبية في الوظيفة العامة دراسة مقارنة
Authors: Mohammed Muthar Yahya Albazzaz  
Published: August 2023

لما كانت الوظيفة العامة تكليف وطني وخدمة اجتماعية يستهدف القائم بها المصلحة العامة وخدمة المواطنين في ضوء القواعد القانونية النافذة ، لذا فإن الوظيفة العامة ليست امتيازا أو تسلطا للقائمين على شؤونها بل هي خدمة اجتماعية ومن هذا المنطلق فان اخلال الموظف العام بواجباته يعد امرا من شأنه إثارة مسؤوليته الانضباطية فضلا عن انه يمكن ان يثير المسؤولية الجزائية ، ومن هنا تدخل المشرع لتنظيم عملية مساءلة الموظف من خلال ما يعرف بالنظام الانضباطي في الوظيفة العامة والذي يقصد به مجموعة القواعد القانونية التي تنظم عملية مساءلة الموظف العام عن اخلاله بمهامه الوظيفية وذلك لردعه وزجره.
وتتناول هذه القواعد القانونية تحديد الاجراءات المتبعة في مساءلة الموظف بما يضمن عدم اساءة استخدام السلطة ضده من قبل الادارة ، فضلا عن تحديد العقوبات التي يمكن فرضها عليه ، وبيان الجهات او السلطات التي تمتلك حق فرضها وتحديد الجهة المختصة بالنظر في الطعون المقدمة ضد تلك العقوبات وطرق ابطالها .
لذا فقد جاءت دراستنا الموسومة بالجزاءات التأديبية في الوظيفة العامة دراسة مقارنة لتفسير إشكالات متنوعة، منها ما تتعلق بمدى التزام السلطة المختصة بالتأديب بالمبادئ القانونية التي تحكم الجزاء التأديبي ، ومدى احترامها للضمانات الممنوحة للموظف المعاقب ، وما تترتب على الجزاء التأديبي من آثار قانونية ملزمة لطرفي العلاقة التأديبية الموظف والادارة ، وعليه فقد قسمت الدراسة الى ثلاثة مباحث ، خصص الاول لمفهوم الجزاء التأديبي، من خلال تعريفه وبيان خصائصه والمبادئ التي تحكمه ، فيما خصص الثاني لأنواع الجزاءات التأديبية في القانون المقارن والقانون العراقي من خلال طرح عدة معايير لتصنيفها تبعاً لها . بينما جاء المبحث الثالث لبيان انقضاء الجزاء التأديبي وقد خلصت الدراسة الى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات والتوصيات
Physical Activity in Individuals Newly Diagnosed With Multiple Sclerosis Through the Lens of the COM-B Model
Authors: Huynh Trinh L. T. , Neal Whitney N. , Barstow Elizabeth A. , Motl Robert W. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:
Physical activity (PA) is a promising intervention for disease modification and symptom management in multiple sclerosis (MS); however, there is a lack of research focusing on PA behavior change interventions for persons newly diagnosed with MS. Such PA behavior change interventions should be developed based on a strong empirical foundation of understanding the behavior and its determinants (ie, what to target for changes to occur). To that end, this qualitative study examined factors explaining PA in persons newly diagnosed with MS and identified potential targets for future behavior change intervention development based on the Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behavior (COM-B) model.

METHODS:
Twenty individuals diagnosed with MS within the past 2 years underwent one-on-one semistructured interviews using questions developed based on the COM-B model. Data were analyzed using reflective thematic analysis, and the identified themes were then mapped with the COM-B model.

RESULTS:
Factors explaining PA in the study sample were identified across the COM-B components. The typical factors include knowledge and skills to sufficiently engage in PA with appropriate approaches, ability to adapt and navigate through new environmental and social difficulties after diagnosis, and motivation resulting from a combination of factors, such as outcome expectation, belief of capabilities, role/identity, reinforcement, and emotions.

CONCLUSIONS:
The COM-B model was applied successfully in this study to understand PA behavior and identify potential targets for behavior change in individuals newly diagnosed with MS. Future behavior change interventions should consider addressing these factors to generate effective PA behavior change in this population.
Exogenous glutathione maintains the postharvest quality of mango fruit by modulating the ascorbate-glutathione cycle
Authors: Zhou Yan , Liu Jiameng , Zhuo Qiongyi , Zhang Keying , Yan Jielin , Tang Bingmei , Wei Xiaoyun , Lin Lijing , Liu Kaidong 
Published: August 2023

Background
Mango fruit is prone to decay after harvest and premature senescence, which significantly lowers its quality and commercial value.

Methods
The mango fruit (Mangifera indica L.cv. Guixiang) was treated with 0 (control), 2, 5, and 8 mM of reduced glutathione (GSH) after harvest. The fruit was stored at 25 ± 1 °C for 12 days to observe the changes in the antioxidant capacity and postharvest quality.

Results
Compared with the control, the 5 mM GSH treatment significantly decreased the weight loss by 44.0% and 24.4%, total soluble solids content by 25.1% and 4.5%, and soluble sugar content by 19.0% and 27.0%. Conversely, the 5 mM GSH treatment increased the firmness by 25.9% and 30.7% on days 4 and 8, respectively, and the titratable acidity content by 115.1% on day 8. Additionally, the 5 mM GSH treatment decreased the malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents and improved the antioxidant capacity of mango fruit by increasing the superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities and upregulating the expression of the encoding genes. Meanwhile, the higher levels of monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione reductase enzyme activities and gene expressions accelerated the AsA-GSH cycle, thereby increasing the accumulation of AsA and GSH and maintaining the redox balance.

Conclusions
Overall, the experimental results suggest that 5 mM GSH maintains high antioxidant capacity and postharvest quality of mangoes and can use as an effective preservation technique for postharvest mangoes.
Paper Mill Effluent is an Alternate for Irrigation and Nutrient Sources in Improving Soil Health and Agricultural Productivity
Authors: Dhanushkodi V. , Balamurugan R. , Baskar M. , Rathika S. , Shenbagavalli S. , Hemavathy A. Thanga , Anitha R. , Sangeetha S. 
Published: August 2023

Consumption of huge fresh water and the generation of a huge volume of toxic wastewater are two most important environmental concerns associated with paper industries. Hence, it is necessary to study the impact of these effluents on soil and crop before they recommended for agricultural purpose. Paper mill effluent is rich in dissolved solids as well as varying amounts of suspended organic materials. Besides, it contain some trace metals like Hg, Pb, and Cr. Discharge from effluents through paper mill, which contain bleach and black liquor, directly reached water bodies, thus causing serious environmental related issues. It contains recalcitrant dissolved organic matter and further it induces a high biochemical oxygen demand. On the other hand, treated paper mill effluent is considered a resource in agriculture and that can be applied for productive uses since it contains nutrients that have the potential for use in agriculture and other activities. So, use of this wastewater efficiently for agricultural crops can be an alternated source for fertilizer as well as irrigation water.
The Influence of Soil’s Physicochemical Properties and Land Use Systems on the Abundance of Actinomycetes Populations
Authors: Gitari Judith M. , Muraya Moses M. , Onyango Benson O. , Maingi John M. 
Published: August 2023

Aims: In this study, we assessed the effect of physicochemical properties of soils from different land use systems on the population of Actinomycetes.
Study Design: A cross sectional survey design in line transect sampling was used in collection of samples from land use systems. A 4×6×3 factorial experiments laid in completely randomized design was used in determining Actinomycetes population in land use system and media type culture.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Meru south sub-county, Kenya, between January 2019 and July 2019.
Methodology: Cultural growth of Actinomycetes was determined using four different media type culture. The physicochemical properties of soil were evaluated using standard laboratory methods. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance and significantly means were separated using Least Significance Difference at α = 0.05 in SAS version 9.4. Correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between soil physicochemical properties and Actinomycetes population. Actinomycetes population varied significantly (p < 0.05) among the different land use systems.
Results: The study's findings revealed significant variations (p < 0.05) in Actinomycetes populations across the different land use systems. The type of media used significantly influenced the growth and proliferation of Actinomycetes colonies, with the Starch casein medium exhibiting the highest number of colonies (3.4 × 105 cfu/ml of soil sample) and the modified Luria Bertani (M1) medium showing the lowest (1.7 × 105 cfu/ml). The Actinomycetes populations demonstrated significant variations (p < 0.05) among the different land use systems. Correlation analysis revealed a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.63407; p < 0.0001) between Actinomycetes population and soil pH, as well as weaker positive correlations (r = 0.3375; p = 0.012) between soil moisture content and Actinomycetes population, and available potassium and Actinomycetes load (r = 0.31483; p < 0.0001).
Conclusion: The study concludes that the population of Actinomycetes was affected by soil physicochemical properties and consequently land uses.
Screen Time at Age 1 Year and Communication and Problem-Solving Developmental Delay at 2 and 4 Years
Authors: Takahashi Ippei , Obara Taku , Ishikuro Mami , Murakami Keiko , Ueno Fumihiko , Noda Aoi , Onuma Tomomi , Shinoda Genki , Nishimura Tomoko , Tsuchiya Kenji J. , Kuriyama Shinichi 
Published: August 2023

ImportanceWhether some domains of child development are specifically associated with screen time and whether the association continues with age remain unknown.ObjectiveTo examine the association between screen time exposure among children aged 1 year and 5 domains of developmental delay (communication, gross motor, fine motor, problem-solving, and personal and social skills) at age 2 and 4 years.Design, Participants, and SettingThis cohort study was conducted under the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study. Pregnant women at 50 obstetric clinics and hospitals in the Miyagi and Iwate prefectures in Japan were recruited into the study between July 2013 and March 2017. The information was collected prospectively, and 7097 mother-child pairs were included in the analysis. Data analysis was performed on March 20, 2023.ExposureFour categories of screen time exposure were identified for children aged 1 year (&amp;lt;1, 1 to &amp;lt;2, 2 to &amp;lt;4, or ≥4 h/d).Main Outcomes and MeasuresDevelopmental delays in the 5 domains for children aged 2 and 4 years were assessed using the Japanese version of the Ages &amp;amp; Stages Questionnaires, Third Edition. Each domain ranged from 0 to 60 points. Developmental delay was defined if the total score for each domain was less than 2 SDs from its mean score.ResultsOf the 7097 children in this study, 3674 were boys (51.8%) and 3423 were girls (48.2%). With regard to screen time exposure per day, 3440 children (48.5%) had less than 1 hour, 2095 (29.5%) had 1 to less than 2 hours, 1272 (17.9%) had 2 to less than 4 hours, and 290 (4.1%) had 4 or more hours. Children’s screen time was associated with a higher risk of developmental delay at age 2 years in the communication (odds ratio [OR], 1.61 [95% CI, 1.23-2.10] for 1 to &amp;lt;2 h/d; 2.04 [1.52-2.74] for 2 to &amp;lt;4 h/d; 4.78 [3.24-7.06] for ≥4 vs &amp;lt;1 h/d), fine motor (1.74 [1.09-2.79] for ≥4 vs &amp;lt;1 h/d), problem-solving (1.40 [1.02-1.92] for 2 to &amp;lt;4 h/d; 2.67 [1.72-4.14] for ≥4 vs &amp;lt;1 h/d), and personal and social skills (2.10 [1.39-3.18] for ≥4 vs &amp;lt;1 h/d) domains. Regarding risk of developmental delay at age 4 years, associations were identified in the communication (OR, 1.64 [95% CI, 1.20-2.25] for 2 to &amp;lt;4 h/d; 2.68 [1.68-4.27] for ≥4 vs &amp;lt;1 h/d) and problem-solving (1.91 [1.17-3.14] for ≥4 vs &amp;lt;1 h/d) domains.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, greater screen time for children aged 1 year was associated with developmental delays in communication and problem-solving at ages 2 and 4 years. These findings suggest that domains of developmental delay should be considered separately in future discussions on screen time and child development.
Large positive ecological changes of small urban greening actions
Authors: Mata Luis , Hahs Amy K. , Palma Estibaliz , Backstrom Anna , Johnston Nikolas , King Tyler , Olson Ashley R. , Renowden Christina , Smith Tessa R. , Vogel Blythe , Ward Samantha 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

The detrimental effects of environmental change on human and non‐human diversity are acutely manifested in urban environments. While urban greenspaces are known to mitigate these effects and support functionally diverse ecological communities, evidence of the ecological outcomes of urban greening remains scarce.

We use a longitudinal observational design to provide empirical evidence of positive ecological changes brought about by greening actions. We collected a plant–insect interactions data set 1 year before, and for 3 years after, a greenspace received a small greening action within a densely urbanised municipality. We then assessed how (i) insect species richness; (ii) the probabilities of occurrence, survival and colonisation of the insect community; and (iii) the plant–insect network structure varied across the 4 years of the study. As we understand, this is the first study to apply statistical and network analytical frameworks to quantitatively track how positive ecological changes accrue over time at a site after the implementation of a specific urban greening action.

We show how a small greening action quickly led to large positive changes in the richness, demographic dynamics and network structure of a depauperate insect community. An increase in the diversity and complexity of the plant community led to, after only 3 years, a large increase in insect species richness, a greater probability of occurrence of insects within the greenspace and a higher number and diversity of interactions between insects and plant species.

We demonstrate how large positive ecological changes may be derived from investing in small greening actions and how these contribute to bring indigenous species back to greenspaces where they have become rare or been extirpated by urbanisation. Our findings provide crucial evidence that supports best practice in greenspace design and contributes to re‐invigorate policies aimed at mitigating the negative impacts of urbanisation on people and other species.
Modeling the importance of fish condition, overall health, and disease on the fecundity of White Perch in the Choptank River
Authors: Shaner Jacob T. , Harrell Reginal M. , Jacobs John M. , Yonkos Lance T. , Townsend Howard 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective
Modeling of fecundity with allometric, nutritional, and environmental covariates has increased sensitivity of reproductive metrics in many fish species. In estuaries with heavy anthropogenic influence, resident species often experience sublethal health impacts because of increased stress, which can include increases in gonadal pathology, intersex, or potential reproductive failure. This study models the fecundity of the estuarine species White Perch Morone americana in response to health parameters identified as signals of habitat stress, including gross pathology presentation, nutritional condition, and disease presence.

Methods
Subpopulation fecundity in the Choptank River (Maryland) of the Chesapeake Bay was estimated using stereological fecundity sampling methods and modeled using information-theoretic approaches of model selection. Nutritional and health parameters identified through health assessment techniques, specific somatic indices, and disease presence were selected as covariates.

Result
Nutrition demonstrated limited influence on model fit as compared to models with only conventional allometric variables such as weight and length. Of the health variables, gross pathology and somatic indices showed minimal influence on selection, but mycobacterial infection, a chronic condition in the Chesapeake Bay among temperate basses, showed measurable influence. Models with mycobacteriosis included were 40 times more likely the best fit when compared to models with only allometric parameters.

Conclusion
Whether this has a region-wide influence on all subpopulations will require further research and sampling of the magnitude of mycobacteriosis infection.
X‐Ray Tomoscopy Reveals the Dynamics of Ice Templating
Authors: Kamm Paul H. , Yin Kaiyang , Neu Tillmann R. , Schlepütz Christian M. , García‐Moreno Francisco , Wegst Ulrike G. K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLittle experimentally explored and understood are the complex dynamics of microstructure formation by ice‐templating when aqueous solutions or slurries are directionally solidified (freeze cast) into cellular solids. With synchrotron‐based, time‐resolved X‐ray tomoscopy it is possible to study in situ under well‐defined conditions the anisotropic, partially faceted growth of ice crystals in aqueous systems. Obtaining one full tomogram per second for ≈270 s with a spatial resolution of 6 µm, it is possible to capture with minimal X‐ray absorption, the freezing front in a 3% weight/volume (w/v) sucrose‐in‐water solution, which typically progresses at 5–30 µm s−1 for applied cooling rates of = 1–10 °C min−1. These time and length scales render X‐ray tomoscopy ideally suited to quantify in 3D ice crystal growth and templating phenomena that determine the performance‐defining hierarchical architecture of freeze‐cast materials: a complex pore morphology and “ridges”, “jellyfish cap”, and “tentacle”‐like secondary features, which decorate the cell walls.
A Biodegradable Nucleotide Coordination Polymer for Enhanced NSCLC Therapy in Combination with Metabolic Modulation
Authors: Zhang Jie , Li Xiaoyang , Yin Yue , Cao Guoliang , Wang Hai 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEpidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR‐TKIs) in the treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) still face challenges of acquired resistance and non‐negligible side effects. To overcome these limitations, a biodegradable coordination polymer using guanine deoxynucleotide and ferrous iron (dGNP) is developed for targeted delivery of EGFR‐TKIs. dGNPs can efficiently target nucleoside transporters in tumor cells that are regulated by fasting‐mimicking diet (FMD). Meanwhile, FMD can augment the therapeutic efficacy of EGFR‐TKIs by suppressing EGFR tyrosine kinase phosphorylation and related downstream pathways. In vivo results demonstrate that EGFR‐TKIs‐laden dGNPs combined with FMD treatment exhibit superior antitumor efficacy and reduced side effect. This study provides an innovative approach to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of EGFR‐TKIs through nucleotide nanocarrier and metabolic modulation.