bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gregor Mendel and the theory of species multiplication
Authors: van Dijk Peter J , Noel Ellis T H 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
According to the revisionist interpretation of Mendel’s pea crosses, his primary aim was not to study the inheritance of traits. Instead, he was interested in the question raised by Linnaeus as to whether new species could arise from the hybridization of existing species. The genetic interpretation is therefore seen as ahistorical by the revisionists. This view goes back to the 1979 article “Mendel no Mendelian?” by the historian of science R.C. Olby. A closer analysis shows that Olby implicitly assumed Mendel adhered to the unusual strictest species definition for Pisum. However, we argue that Mendel only mentions the hypothetical application of this strict definition in his 1866 paper. Like most of his contemporaries, Mendel accepted variation within species where the differences between varieties and species were a matter of degree. After researching variable hybrids in peas (Pisum; 1854–1863), Mendel also studied constant hybrids in hawkweeds (Hieracium; 1866–1873), which he considered to be new species. There is no debate about the latter, but the matter becomes muddled because Olby lumps Pisum and Hieracium together, despite their having completely different reproduction systems. Based on newly discovered historical sources, we also dispute several other assumptions made by Olby. We do not consider Olby’s claim that Mendel conducted the Pisum experiments to investigate species multiplication to be tenable.
Distinct clusters of human pain gene orthologs in Caenorhabditis elegans regulate thermo-nociceptive sensitivity and plasticity
Authors: Jordan Aurore , Glauser Dominique A 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The detection and avoidance of harmful stimuli are essential animal capabilities. The molecular and cellular mechanisms controlling nociception and its plasticity are conserved, genetically controlled processes of broad biomedical interest given their relevance to understand and treat pain conditions that represent a major health burden. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a rich set of polymorphisms related to different pain conditions and pointed to many human pain gene candidates, whose connection to the pain pathways is however often poorly understood. Here, we used a computer-assisted Caenorhabditis elegans thermal avoidance analysis pipeline to screen for behavioral defects in a set of 109 mutants for genes orthologous to human pain-related genes. We measured heat-evoked reversal thermosensitivity profiles, as well as spontaneous reversal rate, and compared naïve animals with adapted animals submitted to a series of repeated noxious heat stimuli, which in wild type causes a progressive habituation. Mutations affecting 28 genes displayed defects in at least one of the considered parameters and could be clustered based on specific phenotypic footprints, such as high-sensitivity mutants, nonadapting mutants, or mutants combining multiple defects. Collectively, our data reveal the functional architecture of a network of conserved pain-related genes in C. elegans and offer novel entry points for the characterization of poorly understood human pain genes in this genetic model.
Long-term Impact of a 10-Year Intensive Lifestyle Intervention on a Deficit Accumulation Frailty Index: Action for Health in Diabetes Trial
Authors: Evans Joni K , Usoh Chinenye O , Simpson Felicia R , Espinoza Sara , Hazuda Helen , Pandey Ambarish , Beckner Tara , Espeland Mark A 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Multidomain lifestyle interventions may slow aging as captured by deficit accumulation frailty indices; however, it is unknown whether benefits extend beyond intervention delivery.

Methods
We developed a deficit accumulation frailty index (FI-E) to span the 10 years that the Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) randomized controlled clinical trial delivered interventions (a multidomain lifestyle intervention focused on caloric restriction, increased physical activity, and diet compared to a control condition) and to extend across an additional 8 years post-delivery. The study cohort included 5 145 individuals, aged 45–76 years at enrollment, who had type 2 diabetes and either obesity or overweight.

Results
Overall, FI-E scores were relatively lower among lifestyle participants throughout follow-up, averaging 0.0130 [95% confidence interval: 0.0104, 0.0156] (p &lt; .001) less across the 18 years. During Years 1–8, the mean relative difference between control and lifestyle participants’ FI-E scores was 0.0139 [0.0115, 0.0163], approximately 10% of the baseline level. During Years 9–18, this average difference was 0.0107 [0.0066, 0.0148]. Benefits were comparable for individuals grouped by baseline age and body mass index and sex but were not evident for those entering the trial with a history of cardiovascular disease.

Conclusions
Multidomain lifestyle intervention may slow biological aging long term, as captured by an FI-E.
Clinical Trials Registration Number: NCT00017953
Genetic study reveals local differentiation persisting in the face of high connectivity and a genomic inversion likely linked with sexual antagonism in a common marine fish
Authors: Jansson Eeva , André Carl , Quintela María , Halvorsen Kim T , Besnier François , Ayllon Fernando , Faust Ellika , Knutsen Halvor , Strand Åsa , Glover Kevin A 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSustainable harvest of wild populations requires knowledge of the underlying population structure. The focus of this study is on goldsinny wrasse (Ctenolabrus rupestris), a small marine fish inhabiting coastal waters of the north-eastern Atlantic. This species is caught in large numbers to serve as cleaner fish in salmonid aquaculture. We genotyped 2073 goldsinny wrasse from 43 sites along the Scandinavian coastline with 143 SNPs. Seven of the SNPs were linked and likely reside within a large genomic inversion dominated by one haplotype. The heterokaryotype of the putative inversion displayed sex-specific growth patterns, potentially resolving sexual antagonism for this trait. The unlinked 134 SNPs showed modest isolation-by-distance with samples from the northernmost locations showing highest divergence, whereas sites farther south were much more interconnected. Genetic divergence (FST) was highly variable among sites within regions, suggesting a varying degree of connectivity and local divergence. We conclude that despite a high degree of gene-flow mediated through pelagic dispersal in early life stages, regional and some local population structure remains due to limited adult movement in addition to other unidentified factors. Consequently, the species might be more vulnerable to local disturbances than previously anticipated.
Experimental investigations into thermal performance of phase change emulsion in a fin-and-tube heat exchanger
Authors: Wei Cai , Shao Jingjing , Darkwa Jo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPhase change emulsions (PCMEs) are always identified as potential working fluids that could be used to reduce circulating pump energy consumption in chill water air conditioning systems. But how PCME behaves in a fin-and-tube heat exchanger is still unclear, which limited the application of such material. The paper focused on experimental studies of performance of a novel PCME, named as PCE-10, in a fin-and-tube heat exchanger. The research analyzed heat transfer and flow behavior in fin-and-tube heat exchangers and the experimental results are compared with numerical studies published. Both studies showed that PCE-10 had its advantages as a cold storage medium, as PCE-10 did help to improve the heat transfer rate of heat exchanger by factor of 1.1–1.3 at the same flow rate compared with water.
Simulation and investigation of bioethanol production considering energetic and economic considerations
Authors: Alaiwi Yaser , Abed Azher M , Smaisim Ghassan Fadhil , Aly Mohamed Aly Saad , Hadrawi Salema K , Morovati Reza 
Published: March 2023

AbstractToday, the use of alternative fuels that have plant origin has attracted the attention of most countries because these fuels emit less pollution. In this research, bioethanol production has been evaluated considering solar energy sources. In the present study, the possibility of developing net-zero energy concepts in a bioethanol production plant as one of the most consumed energy industries in the field of bio-systems of the country from a technical and economic perspective was investigated. The purpose of this research is to model the bioethanol production plant with the aim of achieving zero net energy using a photovoltaic system. In addition, technical and economic analyses have been used in different approaches for a more detailed investigation. According to the modeling done, in the zero net energy approach, the results showed that the maximum production of electrical energy by the photovoltaic cell is 76.6 GWh/y. For this approach, the return on investment is 10.7 years. The area required to install photovoltaic modules in this approach is very large and equal to 88 334 m2.
Economic assessment of cellulase production in batch and semi-batch solid-state fermentation processes
Authors: Taiwo Abiola Ezekiel , Tom-James Andykan , Musonge Paul 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe vast range of applications for enzymes in the production of biofuels has led to a major increase in market demand in recent years. Cellulase's high cost and poor catalytic efficiency are two key barriers to the industrial usage of lignocellulosic biomass as feedstocks for fuels in biorefineries. In this study, the economic evaluation of cellulase production in solid-state fermentation was done by designing two process routes (batch and semi-batch) to optimize the process. SuperPro Designer Software has been used to create a process model that assessed the economics of fermentation operations while Monte Carlo Software was used to conduct the sensitivity analysis investigation. The impacts of cellulase yield, productivity, aeration rate and specific power input on the unit production cost (UPC) of cellulase enzyme were studied. The batch procedure requires more sterilized air for the aerobic fermentation process than the semi-batch approach, according to the results. In comparison to the batch fermentation process, the semi-batch approach had a payback period of less than 2 years, an internal rate of return of 39.14% and a net present value of $142 089 000. The semi-batch process approach has a higher economic feasibility when compared with the batch fermentation process since it is more certain to attain its base case value of UPC at the maximum. This research was key to developing a process pathway that reduces cellulase production costs in solid-state fermentation while improving market supply for its use in a biorefinery to produce sustainable fuel.
Revolutionary encapsulating solution of solar PV panels: vacuum glazing with zero H2O and O2 replacing EVA/PVB films
Authors: Tang Yingxi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDue to the shortage of energy in the world, solar energy has received widespread attention as an inexhaustible new green energy and as one of the main sources of power. Many researchers have studied the various materials and efficiencies of solar cells; however, how to extend the life of solar cells has rarely been studied. At present, the main encapsulating method of solar cells is to seal their surface with films such as ethylene-vinyl acetate and polyvinyl butyral. The main problem that has been encountered is that the erosion of water and oxygen leads to a reduction in the service life and efficiency of solar cells. Inspired by the solar panels of satellites in space, a revolutionary vacuum-glazing encapsulating solution with zero H2O and O2 has been invented. The experimental results have nearly doubled the 30–35-year service life of solar cells, based on deep learning predictions. Therefore, the building integrated photovoltaic can be used for the 70-year life of a building. The method is applicable to various solar cells, such as crystalline Si cells, CIGS, CdTe and perovskite film cells, etc. In practice, the main problems encountered in the encapsulation of vacuum glazing include the following: ensuring that the supporting pillar does not pierce the thin film PV and that it is placed accurately between the band gaps; ensuring that the emission of heat is not conducted in a vacuum; ensuring that the sealing sheet covers cover the exhausting port on the glass accurately; maintaining the vacuum degree for a long time; insulating the edge of the sealing materials, as well as other issues. The above problems have been solved perfectly through machine learning of computer vision and the design structure of the thin film PV.
Literary Indiscernibles, Referential Forgery, and the Possibility of Allographic Art
Authors: Spinella Jake 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Peter Lamarque, in chapter 4 of his 2010 book Work and Object, argues that certain art forms, like music and literature, are such that there can be no forgeries that purport to be of an actually existing work—what Lamarque calls “referential forgeries.” Put more clearly, any attempt at referentially forging a musical or literary work just results in making a copy of that work. Lamarque motivates this claim via appeal to another distinction, first made by Nelson Goodman, between “allographic” and “autographic” artforms. This article will evaluate Lamarque’s argument that allographic literary works are unable to be referentially forged and will find that it does not pass muster. In so doing, the distinction between allographic and autographic artforms will also be called into question. In Section I, I will characterize referential forgery and Lamarque’s definition of allographic and autographic artforms. Section II will critically examine Lamarque’s argument against the possibility of referential forgery in allographic artforms. Section III will offer a case where it appears that a putatively allographic text’s type membership is sensitive to facts about its causal-intentional provenance. This case will serve as pretext for Section IV’s identification of this causal-intentional relation with the sanctioning relation of Sherri Irvin (2005). On the basis of considerations treated in Sections I through IV, Section V will question the tenability of the allographic/autographic distinction.
Proximal endoscopic repair of the hamstring tendons: a cadaveric anatomical study of posterior hip portals
Authors: Ranzoni Lucas Verissimo , Guberovich Matheus Almeida , Ejnisman Leandro , Miyahara Helder Souza , Rath Ehud , Gurgel Henrique Melo de Campos , Jacomo Alfredo Luiz 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTArthroscopy and endoscopic hip surgery have attracted increasing attention in the orthopedic field. In the case of arthroscopy, portals and their relationships with neurovascular bundle structures at risk are well established. However, studies on endoscopic portals used for the repair of hamstring tendon injuries are insufficient. Hamstring injuries are the most common muscle injury in sports medicine, and up to 12% can present as a tendon rupture. Endoscopic surgery is advantageous because it has a lower rate of bleeding and avoids excessive handling of the gluteal muscles. The objective of this study is to perform an anatomical evaluation of endoscopic portals for hamstring repair and measure their distance to neurovascular structures—mainly sciatic nerve and posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (PFCN). Fifteen hips from frozen and formalized cadavers were evaluated. Specimens that showed any modification in their anatomy were excluded. Portals were simulated using Steinmann pins, and anatomical dissection was performed. Distances from neurovascular structures were measured using a digital caliper. Four male cadaver hips (26%) and eleven female cadaver hips (74%) were included. Two dissected hips presented PFCN injury through the posterolateral portal— mean 20.28 mm (±8.14), and one through the distal accessory portal— 21.87 mm (±12.03). The injury rate for PFCN was 3/15 or 20%. None of the portals presented sciatic nerve injury. Conclusion: There is an imminent risk of nerve injury to the PFCN by performing the lateral portals for hamstring repair. To avoid this, we recommend starting the procedure through the most medial (posteromedial) portal, and the other portals must be performed under direct visualization.
Intensity-modulated radiation therapy for intermediate-risk prostate cancer: does ADT still have an impact in the dose-escalated external beam radiation therapy era?
Authors: Soyano Takashi , Kozuka Takuyo , Kashihara Kenichi , Murakami Yu , Yonese Junji , Sasamura Kazuma , Shimoyachi Nana , Kashihara Tairo , Yoshioka Yasuo , Oguchi Masahiko 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to investigate the effect of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) on the survival of intermediate-risk prostate cancer (IR-PCA) patients treated with dose-escalated external beam radiation therapy (DE-EBRT), and to determine the group that will benefit from ADT.

Methods
We analysed 620 IR-PCA patients treated with DE-EBRT at two institutions. Variables were adjusted using the stabilised inverse probability of treatment weighting method (sIPTW) between radiation therapy (RT) and RT plus ADT groups. Biochemical relapse-free survival (bRFS) rate and overall survival (OS) rate were compared using Kaplan–Meier analysis and log-rank test. Cox proportional hazard analysis (CPH) was conducted to detect unfavorable risk factors.

Results
This study included 405 patients; with 217 and 188 patients in the RT and RT plus ADT groups, respectively. The prescribed radiation dose was 78 Gy in 39 fractions. The median follow-up time was 82.0 months. After sIPTW-adjustment, 214.3 and 189.7 patients were assigned to the RT and RT plus ADT groups, respectively. The 7-year bRFS and OS were 89.3% and 94.6% in RT group and 92.3% and 91.0% in RT plus ADT group, respectively. Before and after sIPTW adjustment, no statistically significant differences were found in these endpoints between treatment groups. Multivariate CPH for bRFS revealed Gleason score (GS) 4 + 3 as an unfavorable risk factor, and ADT improved biochemical control of them.

Conclusion
ADT may not always be effective in all Japanese IR-PCA patients treated with DE-EBRT, but it can improve biochemical control in patients with GS 4 + 3.
Culex (Phenacomyia) lactator (Diptera: Culicidae) in southern Florida, USA: a new subgenus and species country record
Authors: Reeves Lawrence E , Sloyer Kristin E , Tyler-Julian Kara , Heinig Rebecca , Rosales Atom , Domingo Candelaria , Burkett-Cadena Nathan D 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Culex subgenus Phenacomyia is a small and poorly studied group of three mosquito species native to the American tropics. Here, we report the first detections of established populations of Culex (Phenacomyia) lactator Dyar & Knab in three counties of southern Florida. Culex lactator was first detected in May 2018 in southern Miami-Dade County, and, at this locality, was collected in subsequent years from 2018 to 2022 as both adults and immatures. Larvae and adults were subsequently collected in 2022, ~175 km northwest of the initial locality at nine sites in Collier and Lee Counties. Identification of specimens collected in these counties as Cx. lactator is supported by molecular analysis and morphological characters of the adult female, male genitalia, and larva. The host associations and vector competence of Cx. lactator have not been extensively studied, and the public health implications, if any, of the addition of this species to Florida’s mosquito fauna are unclear. These collections represent the first detections of Cx. lactator, or any Phenacomyia species, in the United States, adding to a trend in which detections of established populations of mosquito species from the American tropics in Florida appear to be increasing.
Association of vascular and degenerative brain pathologies and past medical history from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Database
Authors: Scambray Kiana A , Nguyen Hannah L , Sajjadi S Ahmad 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The relationship between past medical histories (PMH) and dementia-related neuropathologies is not well understood. Using the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) database, we explored the relationship between patient-reported PMH and various vascular and degenerative neuropathologies. We examined the following PMH: transient ischemic attack (TIA), stroke, traumatic brain injury, seizures, hypertension, cardiovascular events, hypercholesterolemia, B12 deficiency, diabetes mellitus, and thyroid disease. We dichotomized the following neuropathologies: atherosclerosis, arteriolosclerosis, cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), Alzheimer disease neuropathology (ADNP), Lewy bodies (LB), hippocampal sclerosis, frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), and TAR DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43). Separate logistic regression models assessed the relationship between the outcome of individual neuropathologies and all PMHs. Additional logistic regressions were stratified by sex to further examine these associations. Hypertension history was associated with an increased likelihood of atherosclerosis (OR = 1.7) and arteriolosclerosis (OR = 1.3), but decreased odds of ADNP (OR = 0.81), CAA (OR = 0.79), and LB (OR = 0.78). History of TIA was associated with an increased likelihood of atherosclerosis (OR = 1.3) and arteriolosclerosis (OR = 1.4) and lower odds of ADNP (OR = 0.72). Seizure history was associated with an increased likelihood of ADNP (OR = 1.9) and lower odds of FTLD (OR = 0.49). Hypertension history was associated with a greater likelihood of vascular pathologies yet a lower likelihood of ADNP and other neurodegenerative pathologies.
Monotone response surface of multi-factor condition: estimation and Bayes classifiers
Authors: Cheung Ying Kuen , Diaz Keith M 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe formulate the estimation of monotone response surface of multiple factors as the inverse of an iteration of partially ordered classifier ensembles. Each ensemble (called product-of-independent-probability-escalation (PIPE)-classifiers) is a projection of Bayes classifiers on the constrained space. We prove that the inverse of PIPE-classifiers (iPIPE) exists, and propose algorithms to efficiently compute iPIPE by reducing the space over which optimisation is conducted. The methods are applied in analysis and simulation settings where the surface dimension is higher than what the isotonic regression literature typically considers. Simulation shows that iPIPE-based credible intervals achieve nominal coverage probability and are more precise compared to unconstrained estimation.