bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Joint Control With Passive Damping for a Planar Two-Link Tendon-Driven Flexible Manipulator
Authors: Ezeanya Emeka K. , Barhorst Alan A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Flexibility and compliance are intrinsic qualities of continuum (soft) robots which make them desirable and extend their applicability beyond the level readily obtainable in the traditional rigid link robots. Thus, continuum robots can be used in manipulation, exploration, inspection, and surveillance tasks, in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) applications, and robotic rehabilitation devices. Unfortunately, the desirable qualities of these robotic systems lead to nonlinearities and complex deformations which must be clearly understood to develop a good model. At present, various modeling methods exist. However, this research employs a uniquely different approach based on the Hybrid Parameter Multiple Body Systems (HPMBS) methodology for the dynamic modeling and control of a two-link tendon-driven flexible manipulator. Owing to the benefits offered by this modeling approach, a high accurate, low order model for the complex deformations of the flexible manipulator system will be developed. Model simulations demonstrating joint position control with passive damping will be presented, whereby the manipulator can be accurately moved to various joint positions, with vibrations completely suppressed. As a result, the accurate, low order model could facilitate real time dynamic simulations and controls as may be required for various soft robotic applications.
Assembly for Enhanced Repeatability Under Planar Constraints
Authors: Bordoloi Jishnu , Khatait Jitendra P. , Mukherjee Sudipto 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In dies used to cure preformed material, the top die is actuated to significant force levels. To ensure repeatability, three external V-grooves are used to guide so that the two halves are located accurately in the plane perpendicular to the designed approach direction. The kinematics of this assembly process is revealed by analysis. Infinitesimal screw theory describing the instantaneous motion, or the velocity and the corresponding reciprocal space, that of the possible force system are used to characterize the motion of the top die. Dynamic simulation with force input equations governing the local trajectory of the top die as it progressively engages with the grooves is established. We record the excursion of the top die in the plane normal to the nominal approach direction to characterize the motion. The two die halves mating before the V-grooves form line contacts is seen to be a necessary condition for self-alignment. We show that on reassembly from randomly perturbed initial conditions, only on specific design of the V groove system, the CG is moved towards a fixed position by the nesting force.
An Analytical Vehicle Kano Model Development Integrating With QFD and TRIZ Methods
Authors: Liu Chang , Chen Jiaquan , Chang Yin-ping 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The rapid development of science and technology has resulted in ever-shortening product development cycle and varies customers’ wants and needs tremendously. To keep the pace of market developments and customers’ needs, a shorter product developing process and cycle is necessary. During the process of engineering design and development, there is always a gap between customers and engineers.
This research creates a new Customer to Engineering (C2E) system by integrating the Kano model, QFD and S-Curve in TRIZ method. The C2E system is the bridge to close the gap between the customers and engineers by constructing an engineering design chain from customers’ voices all the way to the engineering system. In this paper, an optimized analytical Kano model is developed, and a new classification method is conducted. Based on the classification and balance model of vehicle performance indices, two new parameters, Kano Classification Coefficient and Customer Perception Factor are introduced. Then the Relative Important Degree and the Ultimate Customer Perception Factor are derived with the concept of QFD to further optimize Kano model and digitalize HoQ (House of Quality) diagram with geometric progression for further analyses. The corresponding relationship between Kano model and S-Curve is introduced to identify the development stage of the engineering system for the first time. Once the stage is identified, further design modifications can be applied to the engineering system according to the S-Curve analyses.
Effect of Number of Contact Points on the Fretting Wear Estimation of a Frictionally Damped Blade Platform
Authors: Cardak Aykut , Cigeroglu Ender 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Frictional interfaces, which induce energy dissipation in the system, are intentionally included in bladed disk system of gas turbine engines. By this way, resonant amplitude of the blade is decreased while high cycle fatigue failure of these structures is postponed. Mathematical modeling of the problem becomes complicated due to the nonlinear nature of the frictional contact which also adds difficulty to the solution of the problem. Time domain solution methods are expensive compared to frequency domain method for the determination of steady state response of nonlinear systems. Therefore, Harmonic Balance Method (HBM) is employed to constitute the set of algebraic equations to be solved numerically. Alternating Frequency Time (AFT) Method is utilized to find the Fourier coefficients of the friction force in an iterative way. In addition, analytical Jacobian formulation is implemented to the friction model to enhance the solution performance. Although various friction dampers have been designed, mathematically modeled, and discussed before, fretting wear which is the inevitable outcome of the dry friction is underemphasized up until today. In this work, a blade platform system which represents a simplified underplatform damper is studied to investigate the effect of number of macroslip friction elements on wear estimation and the effect of wear on the dynamic response of the system.
Optimal Design of Integrated Solar Combined Cycle and Desalination Systems
Authors: Pietrasanta Ariana M. , Mussati Sergio F. , Aguirre Pio A. , Morosuk Tatiana , Mussati Miguel C. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper addresses the optimization of dual-purpose desalination plants (DPDPs) for simultaneous generation of electricity and fresh water. The optimization problem is finding the optimal design and operating conditions to meet desired electricity generation and freshwater amount at a minimal total annual cost. The multi-effect distillation (MED) desalination and/or reverse osmosis (RO) processes are the candidates to produce the required freshwater production. Thus, the selection of the desalination process represents a model decision. First, a conventional DPDP is defined and used as the base case. Then, upgrading the optimized conventional DPDP (base case) is investigated by adding a solar collector and keeping unchanged the sizes of the process units of the optimized DPDP. The optimal process configuration is selected from different candidate configurations. For instance, (a) one solar collector/combined cycle/MED; and (b) one or two solar collectors/combined cycle/MED/RO.
Two new optimization problems are solved: (a) the optimization of the operating conditions of the entire process to maximize the electricity generation keeping the same fuel consumption, and (b) the optimization of the operating conditions of the entire process to minimize the fuel consumption keeping the same electricity generation.
By keeping the same process units obtained for the optimized conventional DPDP and by adding a solar collector, the electricity generation can be increased up to 5.62 MW, and the fuel consumption can be reduced by 2310 ton/yr and thereby 6352 CO2 ton/year.
Potentials and Limitations of Concentrator Silicon Solar Cells Energy Utilization
Authors: Elsabahy Mohamed M. , Emam Mohamed , Sekiguchi Hidetoshi , Ahmed Mahmoud 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The maximum allowable concentration ratio of the silicon-based solar cells and their potential for thermal utilization applications are investigated. A three-dimensional thermal-fluid model is developed for silicon-based concentrator photovoltaics integrated with a generic heat sink. The generic heat sink is characterized by the heat transfer coefficient, resembling different scenarios of thermal management, and the heat sink temperature to reveal the potential of the CPV to provide high exergetic thermal energy. Under each combination, a wide range of concentration ratios are tested to obtain the performance characteristic maps of the solar cell, which assure the safe operation of the cell under 85°C (as recommended by manufacturers). The highest concentration ratio for the presented cell is ∼25 when the intensive cooling is applied at a heat transfer coefficient ranging from 104 – 105W/m2K under average heat sink temperature (i.e., 31°C) near the ambient one (i.e., 30°C). In addition, raising the heat sink temperature (e.g., 50°C) for thermal utilization reduces the maximum allowable concentration ratio (e.g., ∼17). Although the thermal utilization intuitively holds a higher potential at a high concentration ratio, the reverse is recommended for the solar cell when the safe operation is considered. This is attributed to the necessity of sufficiently reducing the temperature of the heat sink to draw the massive heat flux at a high concentration through the predefined solar cell thermal resistance. Consequently, low-quality thermal energy is extracted as indicated by thermal exergy efficiency. To conclude, if the objective of the CPV system is only power, working at a high concentration is recommended with a heat sink having a high heat transfer coefficient and working at a temperature nearly equal to the ambient temperature. On the other hand, if combined heat and power are intended, increasing the heat sink temperature to the target application is obtained at the cost of reducing the maximum allowable concentration ratio.
Introduction to Composite Materials in a Finite Element Method Course
Authors: Monterrubio Luis E. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The motivation of the work presented here is to include hands-on labs relevant to a finite element method (FEM) course. Hands-on laboratories are highly encouraged by ABET and results and surveys show that these types of labs help keeping students engage in this course.
Theory of composite materials is presented to students including an introduction to types of composite materials; a review of stress-strain relationships of isotropic, orthotropic, and transverse isotropic materials; elastic constants, stiffness and compliance matrices, manufacturing processes and models to determine mechanical properties of laminated structures, such as the rule of mixtures (ROM) and the Chamis model.
Finite element analyses (FEA) are carried out and compared to published results. The commercial finite element code Abaqus was used to set up a finite element frequency analysis of the composite plate setting the elastic mechanical properties in two different ways: using engineering constants or lamina. Results show that lamina results are marginally higher, but both approaches can model the composite material adequately.
A Computational Model for Analyisis of Field Force and Particle Dynamics in a Ferro-Magnetic Microfluidic System
Authors: Edwards Maegan , Hewlin Rodward L. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper presents the development of a computational model for analyzing the magnetic field, particle dynamics, and capture efficiency of magnetic and non-magnetic microparticles in a ferro-magnetic microfluidic system. This computational model demonstrates a proof-of-concept of a method for greatly enhancing magnetic bio-separation in microfluidic systems using an array of conductive elements arranged in quadrature. In contrast to previous works, our approach theoretically uses a microfluidic device with an electronic chip platform consisting of integrated copper electrodes that carry currents to generate programmable magnetic field gradients locally. In practice, alternating currents would be applied to the electrodes in quadrature to create a periodic magnetic field pattern that travels along the length of the microchannel. This work is a phase 1 study that analyzes particle dynamics in a static magnetic field. The model, which is described in more detail in the methods section, combines a Eulerian-Lagrangian and two-way particle-fluid coupling CFD analysis with closed-form magnetic field analysis that be used to predict magnetic separation considering dominant magnetic and hydrodynamic forces similar to our previous work in magnetic drug targeting. The result of this analysis show that the proposed magnetic capture configuration provides substantially enhanced particle capture efficiency relative to conventional systems.
Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage in Shell and Tube With PCM and Metal Foam in LTNE With External Heat Losses
Authors: Buonomo Bernardo , Golia Maria Rita , Manca Oronzio , Nardini Sergio , Plomitallo Renato Elpidio 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Energy storage systems have become increasingly important to reduce environmental impact and to solve the mismatch between temporal and methodical energy demanded and the energy produced.
The purpose of this paper is to describe the results obtained from the numerical simulation of the Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage System (LHTESS) with a geometry of a vertical shell and tube, made of aluminum metal foam filled with a paraffin wax phase change material (PCM). In the numerical simulations the inner surface of the hollow cylinder is assumed to be at a constant temperature above the PCM melting temperature, the external surface to lose heat toward the outside external ambient, and the top and bottom surfaces are considered adiabatic. The phase change process is modeled with the enthalpy-porosity theory, while the Darcy-Forchheimer model and the Local Thermal Non-Equilibrium (LTNE) assumption are adopted to analyze the aluminum foam-filled by the paraffin. The results of numerical simulations, concerning LHTESS charging phase, are reported as a function of time and are compared in terms of melting time, average temperature, and energy storage rate. The presence of the metal foam is known to significantly improve heat transfer in the LHTESS, and the obtained results show that it is necessary to consider systems with an external heat loss to simulate real operating conditions and understand how this different heat transfer coefficient affects system storage.
Effect of Network Polydispersity on Finite Deformation Elasticity of Vitrimers
Authors: Sarvestani Alireza S. , Field Ryan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Recent advancements in polymer chemistry have introduced a new class of stimuli-responsive networks, called vitrimers. Due to the dynamic covalent reactions occurring above a certain temperature, vitrimers hold great promise as adaptive materials capable of shape reconfigurability, welding, and self-healing. Despite extensive experimental studies, the theoretical models for thermo-viscoelastic behavior of vitrimer networks are rare and often built upon simplifying assumptions on the network microstructure. One a priori assumption is that the constitutive strands of vitrimer networks are of uniform length. Transesterification reactions, however, are statistical processes that yield networks with polydisperse chain lengths. This contribution lays out a theoretical framework to study the effect of network polydispersity on viscoelastic properties of vitrimer networks subjected to finite deformations. To this end, the well-known 8-chain model for rubber elasticity is modified to account for vitrimer polydispersity. Assuming that the crosslinking process is uncorrelated along the primary chains, a Poisson distribution is obtained for the strand length in a random network. The free energy of the random network and consequently the components of Cauchy stress are calculated in closed form. The predictions of this constitutive model show a better agreement with the experimental results compared to the models assuming uniform chain length for the network.
Nonlinear Mapping Lyapunov Exponents-Based KNN Analysis for Fault Classification
Authors: Atique Md Saifuddin Ahmed , Yang Cai Xia 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Rotating machinery are widely used in industry. Machine failures may result in costly downtime. Without effective fault diagnosis, it is impossible to predict the lead-time to failure. Therefore, conducting effective fault detection and identification are desirable and imperative. However, diagnosing faults in rotating machinery is often a labor-intensive and time-consuming practice. This makes conducting effective and efficient fault diagnosis a challenge for technicians and plant maintainers.
This paper presents a Lyapunov Exponents-Based K-Nearest Neighbor (LE-Based KNN) analysis method for detecting and classifying rotating machinery fault. To distinguish different machine conditions, Lyapunov exponents (LEs) calculated using nonlinear mapping were selected as features in KNN analysis for classifying the signature of different faults from the machine vibration. The LEs from forty-four vibration recordings served as training dataset for KNN analysis, and the machine health conditions were grouped into four categories. Data from unknown machinery health condition were used as testing data. The results show that proposed LE-Based KNN analysis method can achieve reliable fault classification on operating condition. The LE-Based KNN analysis method has potential improvement in classification with modified KNN and optimized feature selection. This approach can be used to acquire a complete machine vibration profile that may predict occurrence of damage in different parts of machine and help to detect and identify the defective machineries at early stages.
Investigation of Velocity and Drag With Spherical and Non-Spherical Particles
Authors: Larsen Kyle , Gharavi Hessam , Gerlick Robert , Bae Heechang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Numerous practical applications exist where dispersed solid particles are transported within a turbulent accelerating or deceleration gaseous flow. The large density variation between phases creates the potential for significant differences in velocity known as slip. Flow over a backward facing step provides a well characterized, turbulent, decelerating flow useful for measuring the relative velocities of the solid and gaseous phases in order to determine velocity slip and particle drag. Numerous investigations have been conducted to determine the gas phase velocity in a backward facing step for both laminar and turbulent flows and therefore the gas phase flow is well known and documented. Furthermore, some studies have also been conducted to determine the velocity of various sizes of spherical particles in a backward facing step and compared with their corresponding gas phase velocities. Few, if any, velocity measurements have been made for non-spherical particles in a backward facing step. In this work, a Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer (PDPA) was used to measure gas and particle phase velocities in a backward facing step. The step produced a 2:1 increase in cross sectional area with a Reynolds number of 22,000 (based on step height) upstream of the step. Spherical particles of 1–10 μm with an average diameter of 4 μm were used to measure the gas phase velocity. At least three sizes in the range of 38–212 μm for four different particle shapes were studied. The shapes included spheres, flakes, gravel, and cylinders. Since the PDPA is not able to measure the size of the non-spherical particles, the particles were first separated into size bins and a technique was developed using the Photo Multiplier Tubes (PMT) gain to isolate the particles size of interest for each size measured. The same technique was also used to measure terminal velocities of particles in quiescent air. This paper will discuss the results of the measurement of the particles and show that for the gas phase velocity and spherical solid phase particles that the measurements were in good agreement with previous measurements in the literature. However, for the non-spherical particles it will be shown that the drag coefficients were an order of magnitude higher in turbulent flows when compared to the literature values which are based on particles moving through a still fluid. This information is valuable for modeling turbulent two-phase flows since most assumptions of the drag are based on correlations from empirical data with particles moving through still fluid.
Cold Spray Helium Recovery System Noise Study
Authors: Young Steven D. , Brungart Timothy A. , Jonson Michael L. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Helium recovery systems require multiple compressors, fans, valves and other mechanical components which are likely to radiate considerable sound to the outdoor environment. To assure compliance with a local residential noise ordinance prior to installation, sound propagation effects were investigated at the future site of a helium recovery system in State College, PA. Sound pressure spectra from a baffled acoustic source were measured at distances of 1 meter to 50 meters away from the planned installation location, and the pressure spectra were found to collapse reasonably well with distance using simple spherical spreading principles. This scaling was then applied to sound pressure spectra acquired from a representative helium recovery system located at the manufacturer’s plant in Box Elder, South Dakota. The overall sound pressure level (OASPL) from the dominant noise source on the representative system (i.e. the compressor exhaust) was measured at 1 meter and scaled to the residential property line located approximately 50 meters away from the future State College, PA site. The predicted OASPL for the new system at the residential property line was 61 dBA, which is 6 dBA above the local township noise ordinance requirement of 55 dBA. Noise control efforts are currently being considered and include the installation of an acoustic attenuator at the compressor exhaust location to reduce the overall noise level.