bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Situ Synthesis of Porous Plate‐Like Li4Ti5O12 Lithium‐Ion Battery Anode with Advanced Li+ Storage Mechanism and Enhanced Electrochemical Kinetics
Authors: Zhang Jin , Feng Qi , Cheng Weijie , Zhang Lifeng , Huang Jianfeng , Wang Yong , Kong Xingang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSpinel Li4Ti5O12 as the anode material for lithium‐ion batteries possessed “zero strain” characteristics, high safety, good stability, rapid Li+ diffusion rate, and fast charging and discharging performance, and has been used commercially. In this work, a porous plate‐like structure for Li4Ti5O12 is constructed via an economic in situ topological reaction with H1.07Ti1.73O4·H2O as the precursor. In terms of Li+ storage, not only the typical intercalation reaction of Li4Ti5O12 can be fully carried out, but also the Li+ storage in the form of pseudocapacitance can be introduced due to its porous structure, thus the enhanced Li+ storage mechanism can be realized and the reversible capacity in the work (197 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1) break the bottleneck of 175 mAh g−1 for Li4Ti5O12. In terms of electrochemical reaction kinetics, its plate‐like shape effectively avoids agglomeration of particles reducing the charge transfer resistance, and the micropores increase the diffusion rate of Li+ (3.3 times faster than the commercial Li4Ti5O12 nanoparticles). During the practical test, it can maintain the reversible capacity of 134 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at the huge current density of 1.0 A g−1 and show good compatibility with commercial LiFePO4 cathode, which proves its great practical potential for LIBs.
Characterizing bubble behavior in a pseudo‐2D fluidized bed of wet particles
Authors: Xu Qiushi , Guan Xiaoping , Ocone Raffaella , Yang Ning 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBy applying digital image analysis on the bubble characteristics in a two dimensional wet‐particle fluidized‐bed, we report two‐stage evolution of bubble characteristics with increasing liquid content. In the first stage, bubble number and uniformity of bubble fraction increase, while bubble average diameter and aspect ratio decrease. In the second stage, these characteristics shift toward an opposite direction. This two‐stage evolution of bubble characteristics are analogous to that of reducing particle size in dry‐particle fluidization, and the fluidizing properties of particles shifts from Geldart Group B to Group A and then to Group C. Furthermore, liquid addition causes a continuous decrease of bubble fraction and bubble flow rate. This is different from dry‐particle fluidization, in which reducing particle size causes an increase trend. An explanation for this difference is that liquid addition increases the equivalent size of agglomerates in wet‐particle fluidization, which is opposite to the effect of reducing particle size.
Is artificial intelligence getting too much credit in medical genetics?
Authors: Alkuraya Imen F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractArtificial intelligence has lately proven useful in the field of medical genetics. It is already being used to interpret genome sequences and diagnose patients based on facial recognition. More recently, large‐language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT have been tested for their capacity to provide medical genetics information. It was found that ChatGPT performed similarly to human respondents in factual and critical thinking questions, albeit with reduced accuracy in the latter. In particular, ChatGPT's performance in questions related to calculating the recurrence risk was dismal, despite only having to deal with a single disease. To see if challenging ChatGPT with more difficult problems may reveal its flaws and their bases, it was asked to solve recurrence risk problems dealing with two diseases instead of one. Interestingly, it managed to correctly understand the mode of inheritance of recessive diseases, yet it incorrectly calculated the probability of having a healthy child. Other LLMs were also tested and showed similar noise. This highlights a major limitation for clinical use. While this shortcoming may be solved in the near future, LLMs may not be ready yet to be used as an effective clinical tool in communicating medical genetics information.
A Tandem Reaction in the Synthesis of New 4,8‐Disubstituted‐pyrimido[5,4‐d]pyrimidine Derivatives
Authors: Rocha Ashly , Lopes André , Teixeira Sofia , Carvalho M. Alice 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPyrimido[5,4‐d]pyrimidines are biologically important compounds with diverse activity depending on the substituent groups around the heterocycle. The 3,4‐dihydropyrimido[5,4‐d]pyrimidines are efficiently converted to the aromatic derivatives by Dimroth rearrangement promoted by reaction with piperidine, in a very slow process. Subsequently, the aromatic derivatives are converted to new 4,8‐disubstituted‐pyrimido[5,4‐d]pyrimidine derivatives by reaction with aldehydes in an acidic medium. The 4,8‐disubstituted‐pyrimido[5,4‐d]pyrimidines are also obtained much more efficiently by a tandem reaction between the 3,4‐dihydropyrimido[5,4‐d]pyrimidines, piperidine and a variety of aldehydes. The cascade reaction approach has a broad application since phenyl, haloaryl, alkoxy‐aryl, hydroxy‐aryl, and heteroaryl aldehydes are compatible with the reaction conditions. The reactions were studied by 1H NMR. These studies support the reaction mechanisms proposals. The tandem approach involves the formation of ionic reactive intermediates that allows explain this approach's efficiency.
Artificial intelligence for dementia genetics and omics
Authors: Bettencourt Conceicao , Skene Nathan , Bandres‐Ciga Sara , Anderson Emma , Winchester Laura M. , Foote Isabelle F. , Schwartzentruber Jeremy , Botia Juan A. , Nalls Mike , Singleton Andrew , Schilder Brian M. , Humphrey Jack , Marzi Sarah J. , Toomey Christina E. , Kleifat Ahmad Al , Harshfield Eric L. , Garfield Victoria , Sandor Cynthia , Keat Samuel , Tamburin Stefano , Frigerio Carlo Sala , Lourida Ilianna ,   the Deep Dementia Phenotyping (DEMON) Network, Ranson Janice M. , Llewellyn David J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGenetics and omics studies of Alzheimer's disease and other dementia subtypes enhance our understanding of underlying mechanisms and pathways that can be targeted. We identified key remaining challenges: First, can we enhance genetic studies to address missing heritability? Can we identify reproducible omics signatures that differentiate between dementia subtypes? Can high‐dimensional omics data identify improved biomarkers? How can genetics inform our understanding of causal status of dementia risk factors? And which biological processes are altered by dementia‐related genetic variation? Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning approaches give us powerful new tools in helping us to tackle these challenges, and we review possible solutions and examples of best practice. However, their limitations also need to be considered, as well as the need for coordinated multidisciplinary research and diverse deeply phenotyped cohorts. Ultimately AI approaches improve our ability to interrogate genetics and omics data for precision dementia medicine.Highlights
We have identified five key challenges in dementia genetics and omics studies.
AI can enable detection of undiscovered patterns in dementia genetics and omics data.
Enhanced and more diverse genetics and omics datasets are still needed.
Multidisciplinary collaborative efforts using AI can boost dementia research.
Temporal Pattern of Cortical Hypoxia in Multiple Sclerosis and Its Significance on Neuropsychological and Clinical Measures of Disability
Authors: Adingupu Damilola D. , Evans Taelor , Soroush Ateyeh , Hansen Ayden , Jarvis Scott , Brown Lenora , Dunn Jeff F. 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and axonal damage. It has been hypothesized that hypoxia plays a role in the pathogenesis of MS. This study was undertaken to investigate the reproducibility of non‐invasively measured cortical microvascular hemoglobin oxygenation (StO2) using frequency domain near‐infrared spectroscopy (fdNIRS), investigate its temporal pattern of hypoxia in people with MS (pwMS), and its relationship with neurocognitive function and mood.MethodsWe investigated the reproducibility of fdNIRS measurements. We measured cortical hypoxia in pwMS, and the relationships between StO2, neurocognitive function, fatigue, and measures of physical disability. Furthermore, we cataloged the temporal pattern of StO2 measured at 1‐week intervals for 4 weeks, and at 8 weeks and ~1 year.ResultsWe show that fdNIRS parameters were highly reproducible in 7 healthy control participants measured over 6 days (p > 0.05). There was low variability between and within subjects. In line with our previous findings, we show that 33% of pwMS (n = 88) have cortical microvascular hypoxia. Over 8 weeks and at ~1 year, StO2 values for normoxic and hypoxic groups did not change significantly. There was no significant association between cognitive function and StO2. This conclusion should be revisited as only a small proportion of the relapsing‐remitting MS group (21%) was cognitively impaired.InterpretationThe fdNIRS parameters have high reproducibility and repeatability, and we have demonstrated that hypoxia in MS is a chronic condition, lasting at least a year. The results show a weak relationship between cognitive functioning and oxygenation, indicating future study is required. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:1067–1079
GABRA1‐Related Disorders: From Genetic to Functional Pathways
Authors: Musto Elisa , Liao Vivian W. Y. , Johannesen Katrine M. , Fenger Christina D. , Lederer Damien , Kothur Kavitha , Fisk Katrina , Bennetts Bruce , Vrielynck Pascal , Delaby Delphine , Ceulemans Berten , Weckhuysen Sarah , Sparber Peter , Bouman Arjan , Ardern‐Holmes Simone , Troedson Christopher , Battaglia Domenica I. , Goel Himanshu , Feyma Timothy , Bakhtiari Somayeh , Tjoa Linda , Boxill Martin , Demina Nina , Shchagina Olga , Dadali Elena , Kruer Michael , Cantalupo Gaetano , Contaldo Ilaria , Polster Tilman , Isidor Bertrand , Bova Stefania M. , Fazeli Walid , Wouters Leen , Miranda Maria J. , Darra Francesca , Pede Elisa , Le Duc Diana , Jamra Rami Abou , Küry Sébastien , Proietti Jacopo , McSweeney Niamh , Brokamp Elly , Andrews Peter Ian , Gouray Garcia Marie , Chebib Mary , Møller Rikke S. , Ahring Philip K. , Gardella Elena 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveVariants in GABRA1 have been associated with a broad epilepsy spectrum, ranging from genetic generalized epilepsies to developmental and epileptic encephalopathies. However, our understanding of what determines the phenotype severity and best treatment options remains inadequate. We therefore aimed to analyze the electroclinical features and the functional effects of GABRA1 variants to establish genotype–phenotype correlations.MethodsGenetic and electroclinical data of 27 individuals (22 unrelated and 2 families) harboring 20 different GABRA1 variants were collected and accompanied by functional analysis of 19 variants.ResultsIndividuals in this cohort could be assigned into different clinical subgroups based on the functional effect of their variant and its structural position within the GABRA1 subunit. A homogenous phenotype with mild cognitive impairment and infantile onset epilepsy (focal seizures, fever sensitivity, and electroencephalographic posterior epileptiform discharges) was described for variants in the extracellular domain and the small transmembrane loops. These variants displayed loss‐of‐function (LoF) effects, and the patients generally had a favorable outcome. A more severe phenotype was associated with variants in the pore‐forming transmembrane helices. These variants displayed either gain‐of‐function (GoF) or LoF effects. GoF variants were associated with severe early onset neurodevelopmental disorders, including early infantile developmental and epileptic encephalopathy.InterpretationOur data expand the genetic and phenotypic spectrum of GABRA1 epilepsies and permit delineation of specific subphenotypes for LoF and GoF variants, through the heterogeneity of phenotypes and variants. Generally, variants in the transmembrane helices cause more severe phenotypes, in particular GoF variants. These findings establish the basis for a better understanding of the pathomechanism and a precision medicine approach in GABRA1‐related disorders. Further studies in larger populations are needed to provide a conclusive genotype–phenotype correlation. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:27–41
Preparation of microcellular polycaprolactone/cellulose nanocrystal/carbon black conductive composites using the Pickering emulsion method combined with supercritical batch foaming technology
Authors: Huang Jie , Li Zhiyi , Liu Fengxia , Wei Wei , Xu Xiaofei , Liu Zhijun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe “two‐step” strategy composed of Pickering emulsion method and supercritical batch foaming technology is successfully conducted to prepare the microcellular polycaprolactone (PCL)/cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)/carbon black (CB) conductive composites. Benefitting from the segregated CNC/CB networks established in the PCL matrix, the obtained microcellular conductive composites can present improved electrical and mechanical performance, and uniform foam structures. The percolation threshold (φc) is estimated as low as ~0.84 wt%, and the minimum tensile strain and strength belonging to the foamed composite with 10 wt% of CB content still maintain 15% and 3.95 MPa, respectively. This study hopes to provide an attempt to prepare microcellular conductive composites with great comprehensive performance.
Optimizing electromechanical performance of multilayered multiwalled carbon nanotube/silicone rubber composites via filler content distribution modulation
Authors: Sun Yue , Chen Tao , Zhang Yan‐ting , Wu Chong‐gang , Gong Xing‐hou , Hu Tao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDielectric elastomers are widely used as electroactive polymer materials due to their high energy density, high strain, and low loss. However, the practical applications are limited sometimes by their low electromechanical strain ability due to relatively low dielectric permittivity for polymers. Herein, multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) filled silicone rubber (SR) composites with a five‐layered structure are prepared with the outer two layers of neat SR while the middle three layers are MWCNT filled SR, in which the former functions as insulating layers while the latter acts as the dielectric permittivity enhancement layers. Further, by differing the MWCNT content within the middle three layers, we find that as the concentration distribution increases from 1:1:1 to 1:2:1 and 1:3:1, both Young's modulus and dielectric permittivity gradually improve while dielectric loss remains extremely low even though the total MWCNT content reaches 1.6 wt%. With the combined effects of dielectric permittivity and modulus, the composite with evenly distributed MWCNT content (1:1:1) shows the highest actuation strain under a given electric field strength. Meanwhile, the electric breakdown strength of the composite 1:1:1 is also the highest, leading ultimately to a maximum actuation strain of 10.87% at the breakdown strength of 14.6 kV/mm.
Improvement of electrical insulation performance of silicone rubber cables due to exposure to heat and radiation
Authors: Ohki Yoshimichi , Hirai Naoshi , Tanaka Yasuhiro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThermal treatments, with and without co‐irradiation with gamma rays, were given to safety‐related cables insulated with silicone rubber for nuclear power plants (NPPs). To examine the effects of the above treatments on the insulation properties of the cables, DC voltages were applied to them and the induced changes in leakage current were measured by the current integration method. As a result, it has become clear that the leakage current is the largest in the pristine untreated cable. In addition, almost no leakage current flows in the cables heated at 200°C or 290°C for several hundred hours. The leakage current remains small when the co‐irradiation with gamma rays was given at 100°C or 200°C for relatively long periods exceeding 1000 h. The reason for these results seems to be that the silicone rubber insulation becomes hardened as a result of the thermal or concurrent treatment, and the transport of ionic carriers becomes difficult. The above results indicate experimentally that the degradation is not a matter of great concern for the insulation performance of silicone‐rubber‐insulated safety‐related cables in NPPs.
A novel biocomposite based on lignocellulose modified with epoxidized soybean oil resin
Authors: Gao Baoshan , Huang Siqi , Liu Yi , Shi Xueqian , Jiang Runfang , Shu Zuju 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWood is one of the high‐quality biomass raw materials due to its excellent performance. However, wood cannot be directly processed plastically because of its rigidity, limiting the utilization of its high added value. This study was conducted to develop a novel biocomposite based on the flexible delignified wood (FDW) modified with epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) resin. FDW, as wood template, was obtained by delignification of plantation poplar slices with poor quality, and then impregnated with the ESO pre‐polymerized solution formed by the reaction of ESO with citric acid (CA). Finally, the impregnated FDWs were heated and cured to get the novel lignocellulosic composite (ESOCA/FDW). The effects of ESOCA prepolymer on the morphology, chemical composition, and physical properties of lignocellulosic composites were studied by testing and characterization. The results showed that ESOCA/FDW‐0.6 had the best performance. Its instantaneous contact angle reached 98.87° and was still about 93.52° at 60 s. The maximum pyrolysis temperature was 395°C. Therefore, ESOCA/FDW is a novel and fully bio‐based transparency composite with flexibility, hydrophobicity and thermal stability. It can be directly utilized in packaging, medical, and other fields, or be further developed as a flexible substrate, which makes ESOCA/FDW have a broad application prospect.Highlights
A novel lignocellulosic composite was developed using poplar as raw material by a simple top‐down method.
The ESOCA crosslinking network structure was formed in situ in the wood template (FDW), and hydrogen bonds existed between ESOCA and lignocellulose.
The water contact angle of ESOCA/FDW‐0.6 was 98.87° ± 5.13°, which was 39° higher than that of FDW.
The prepared composite materials are all biomass materials with transparency, flexibility and thermal stability.
Degradation of modified polystyrenes having degradable units by near‐infrared light irradiation
Authors: Okamura Haruyuki , Mihono Kiwa 
Published: August 2023

AbstractModified polystyrenes having tertiary ether linkages or carbonate linkages were degrade by irradiation of near‐infrared light (NIR) and subsequent heating. The polymer films containing a photoacid generator and commercially available photon upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP) were decomposed to form isobutene and/or carbon dioxide by irradiation of NIR and subsequent heating. The thermal decomposition behaviors of the polymers were investigated and discussed in terms of the chemical structures of degradable units. The thermal stability of the polymers was found to be in the order: tertiary ester > tertiary carbonate. We believe that the degradation of NIR and subsequent heating contributes easy recycling of composite materials.
Paisley: Preliminary validation of a novel app‐based e‐Screener for ASD in children 18–36 months
Authors: Honaker Makayla G. , Weitlauf Amy S. , Swanson Amy R. , Hooper Madison , Sarkar Nilanjan , Wade Joshua , Warren Zachary E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess the validity of an autism e‐screener, Paisley, when utilized in a clinical research setting via a tablet application. The Paisley application used a series of play‐based activities, all of which incorporated varying aspects of the ASD‐PEDS. Participants included children (18–36 months; n = 198) referred for evaluation of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and community providers (n = 66) with differing levels of familiarity with ASD. Community providers administered the Paisley application to children who then completed a comprehensive psychological evaluation. Based on comprehensive evaluation, 75% of children met diagnostic criteria for ASD. Paisley scores were significantly higher for children diagnosed with ASD (15.06) versus those not diagnosed (9.34). The newly determined cutoff ASD‐PEDS cutoff score of 13 had significantly higher specificity and positive predictive value than the originally proposed cutoff of 11. Results support the use of Paisley by community providers to identify autism risk in toddlers. Limitations and strengths of the work, as well as opportunities for future clinical validation, are described.
Elucidating the structural and functional prophecy of the Rv2326c gene, an ABC transporter of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv through computational approach
Authors: Sharma Priyanka , Kumar Ajit , Meena Laxman S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTuberculosis is a fatal disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. M. tuberculosis becoming drug‐resistant day by day, necessitating to know the mechanism behind the drug resistance and how to overcome this deadly malady. Drug resistance and reduced drug bioavailability are caused by a class of transporter proteins called the ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters, which pump a range of medicines out of cells at the price of ATP hydrolysis. By using computational approaches, we tried to elaborate the probable function of the Rv2326c gene of M. tuberculosis, perhaps involved in drug resistance mechanism. The presence of the signature motif of ABC transporters (LSGGELQRLALAAAL and LSGGQMRRVVLAGLL) and ATP binding motif (GXXXXGKT and GXXXXGKS) in the protein sequence signifying its importance in the ATP binding and transportation of molecules. Further, this manuscript elaborated about tertiary structure and validation, functional category, localization, phosphorylation site prediction, mutational analysis of conserved motifs. Ligand docking study shows the highest affinity with ATP than GTP justified its function as an ATP binding protein. The Rv2326c protein is present in the inner membrane and working as an ATP binding protein and might be playing a dynamic role in transportation. In this study, we found that Rv2326c protein might be working as an ABC transporter by which the drugs and other molecules are imported or exported into the bacterium. As a result, the current study provides a means to better understand its normal functioning and basic biology, which can help in the development of novel therapeutic targeting approaches for Rv2326c protein.