bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dear neighbor: Trees with extrafloral nectaries facilitate defense and growth of adjacent undefended trees
Authors: Staab Michael , Pietsch Stefanie , Yan Haoru , Blüthgen Nico , Cheng Anpeng , Li Yi , Zhang Naili , Ma Keping , Liu Xiaojuan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPlant diversity can increase productivity. One mechanism behind this biodiversity effect is facilitation, which is when one species increases the performance of another species. Plants with extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) establish defense mutualisms with ants. However, whether EFN plants facilitate defense of neighboring non‐EFN plants is unknown. Synthesizing data on ants, herbivores, leaf damage, and defense traits from a forest biodiversity experiment, we show that trees growing adjacent to EFN trees had higher ant biomass and species richness and lower caterpillar biomass than conspecific controls without EFN‐bearing neighbors. Concurrently, the composition of defense traits in non‐EFN trees changed. Thus, when non‐EFN trees benefit from lower herbivore loads as a result of ants spilling over from EFN tree neighbors, this may allow relatively reduced resource allocation to defense in the former, potentially explaining the higher growth of those trees. Via this mutualist‐mediated facilitation, promoting EFN trees in tropical reforestation could foster carbon capture and multiple other ecosystem functions.
Paired environmental DNA and dive surveys provide distinct but complementary snapshots of marine biodiversity in a temperate fjord
Authors: Robinson Kristin Meagher , Prentice Carolyn , Clemente‐Carvalho Rute , Hall Kyle , Monteith Zachary L. , Morien Evan , Olson Angeleen M. , Pontier Ondine , Hessing‐Lewis Margot , Kellogg Colleen T. E. , Lemay Matthew A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMarine biodiversity is a key indicator of ecosystem health and can be assessed using a variety of methods, including environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling. However, the ecology of eDNA in physically dynamic nearshore environments remains uncertain, particularly with regards to how eDNA stratifies with depth. Here, we paired eDNA sampling with dive surveys at six sites in Knight Inlet, British Columbia, Canada. eDNA samples were collected from the surface, midwater column and bottom (8–25 m depth) at each site, while dive surveys focused on the bottom (benthic) habitat. Amplicon sequencing using the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene (targeting fish) and the COI gene (targeting marine invertebrates and algae) resolved significant differences in community composition in surface waters compared with midwater and bottom. Differences by depth were greater than differences across sites, with surface waters dominated by salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) and rotifer DNA, and midwater and bottom samples largely dominated by Pacific herring, copepods, and mussels. eDNA samples collected at the surface, therefore, may not accurately capture benthic communities, particularly in systems with high levels of freshwater input such as coastal temperate fjords. Over small spatial scales, particularly in systems with strong stratification, adding samples from different depths may be more effective at maximizing inferred diversity rather than sampling more sites. In general, there was low overlap in species detection between dive and eDNA surveys (less than 10% for each taxonomic group – fish, invertebrates, and algae). However, we observed clear strengths for each method – dive surveys provided better taxonomic resolution, while eDNA resolved greater total diversity. These results suggest that the two survey methods can be used in tandem to provide distinct and complementary snapshots of marine biodiversity in the nearshore environment.
The potential role of astroglial GABAA receptors in autoimmune encephalitis associated with GABAA receptor antibodies and seizures
Authors: Ismail Fatme Seval , Faustmann Pedro M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory transmitter in the central nervous system and GABA receptors mediate the inhibitory synaptic transmission. GABA binding to neuronal GABAAR leads to a rapid hyperpolarization and a higher excitation threshold due to an increase in membrane Cl− permeability. The synaptic GABAAR is mostly composed of two α(1–3), two β, and one γ subunit with the most abundant configuration α1β2γ2. Recently, antibodies (Abs) against α1, β3, and γ2 subunits of GABAAR were detected in a severe form of autoimmune encephalitis with refractory seizures, status epilepticus, and multifocal brain lesions, affecting gray and white matter. Experimental studies confirmed multiple mechanisms and direct functional effects of GABAAR Abs on neurons with decreased GABAergic synaptic transmission and increased neuronal excitability. The expression of GABAAR on astrocytes is well established. However, extensive studies about the effects of autoimmune GABAAR Abs on astrocytic GABAAR are missing. We hypothesize that GABAAR Abs may lead additionally to blocking astrocytic GABAARs with impaired Ca2+ homeostasis/spreading, astrocytic Cl− imbalance, dysfunction of astrocyte‐mediated gliotransmission (e.g., decreased adenosine levels) and accumulation of excitatory neurotransmission, all this contributing to seizures, variable clinical/MRI presentations, and severity. The most abundant expressed GABAAR subunits in rodent astrocytes are α1, α2, β1, β3, and γ1 localized in both white and gray matter. Data about GABAAR subunits in human astrocytes are even more limited, comprising α2, β1, and γ1. Overlapping binding of GABAAR Abs to neuronal and astroglial receptors is still possible. In vitro and in vivo animal models can be helpful to test the effects of GABAAR Abs on glia. This is from an epileptological point of view relevant because of the increasing evidence, confirming the glial involvement in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Taken together, autoimmune disorders are complex and multiple mechanisms including glia could contribute to the pathogenesis of GABAAR encephalitis with seizures.
Mid‐career faculty peer mentoring: Rationale and program design
Authors: Sotirin Patty , Goltz Sonia M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhile formal early career mentoring is considered significant for faculty success, few universities have instituted programmatic mid‐career mentoring. We review the reasons mid‐career mentoring is important especially for under‐represented (URM) faculty and consider the ways the entrenched model of one‐on‐one mentoring can fail URM faculty. We advocate for a feminist‐inspired peer mentoring approach using a Community of Practice model that supports mentoring as advocacy. We then describe how our own mid‐career mentoring program enacts this approach and offer lessons learned that include the need to make a cost‐analysis case.
Engineering Host–Guest Interactions in Organic Framework Materials for Drug Delivery
Authors: Ernst Michelle , Gryn'ova Ganna 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOF) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are promising nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery. Noncovalent interactions between frameworks and drugs play a fundamental role in the therapeutic uptake and release of the latter. However, the scope of framework functionalizations and deliverable drugs remains underexplored. Using a multilevel approach combining molecular docking and density functional theory, we show for a range of drugs and frameworks that experimentally reported release metrics are in good agreement with the in silico computed host–guest interaction energies. Functional groups within the framework significantly impact the strength of these host–guest interactions, while a given framework can serve as an efficient delivery agent for drugs beyond the prototypical few. Our findings identify the interaction energy as a reliable and relatively easy to compute descriptor of organic framework materials for drug delivery, able to facilitate their high‐throughput screening and targeted design towards extended‐release times.
Revisiting the predictive role of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computerized tomography on treatment outcome in early‐stage favorable Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Gallamini Andrea , Sudria Axel , Kurlapski Michał , Gastaud Lauris 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the present manuscript Gallamini et al. comment the results of three large, phase III, randomized clinical trials in early‐stage favorable Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL), aimed at exploring the non‐inferiority of ABVD chemotherapy alone compared to combined‐modality treatment with ABVD and Involved Field/Node Radiotherapy (INRT). The authors also report the preliminary results of risk‐stratification in the first 60 enrolled patients in the phase 2, prospective, international study RAFTING: RAdiotherapy Free Treatment IN Good‐prognosis early‐stage HL (National Trial Identifier 04866654). In this trial patients are stratified, before treatment onset, according to the risk of therapy failure in a single patient basis, taking into account non only the results of interim and End‐of‐Therapy PET, but also the value of new metrics extracted from the baseline PET/CT such as the Large Nodal Mass (LNM) and Total Metabolic Tumor Volume (TMTV). Treatment intensity, consisting in ABVD chemotherapy, INRT and Nivolumab maintenance, is modulated on the presence/absence of the above factors, in a personalized‐medicine approach. The most frequently detected factors driving treatment intensity were LNM and TMTV, while the results of interim and end‐of‐treatment PET were also determinant, albeit in a lower percentage of cases.
Single probe light reflectance spectroscopy and parameter spectrum feature extraction in experimental skin cancer detection and classification
Authors: Abookasis David , Shemesh David , Litwin Arik , Siegelmann Hava T. , Didkovsky Elena , Ad‐El Dean D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSkin cancer, an anomalous development of skin cells in the epidermis, is among the most common types of cancer worldwide. Because of its clinical importance and to improve early diagnosis and patient management, there is an urgent need to develop noninvasive, accurate medical diagnostic tools. To this aim, light reflectance spectroscopy over the visible and near‐infrared spectral range (400–1000 nm) based on a single‐fiber six‐around‐one optical probe was applied to extract nine features used for diagnostics. These features include skewness, entropy, energy, kurtosis, scattering amplitude, and others, and are spread over each of four different spectral signatures, namely, light reflectance, absorbance, scattering profile approximation, and absorption/scattering ratio. Our preliminary studies focused on 11 adult patients with diagnoses of malignant melanoma (n = 4), basal cell carcinoma (n = 5), and squamous cell carcinoma (n = 2) in a variety of locations on the body. Measurements were taken first in vivo before surgery, at the site of the lesion and from healthy skin of the same patient, and ex vivo after surgical excision, where the lesion was rinsed in saline solution and measurements of the reflected light from the “inside” facing plane of the tissue were taken in the same manner. Overall, experimental results demonstrate that by examining a variety of wavebands, features, and statistical metrics, we can detect and distinguish cancer from normal tissue and different cancer subtypes. Nevertheless, discrepancies in results between in vivo and ex vivo tissue were observed and explanations for these discrepancies are discussed.
Automatic segmentation of the cerebellum using volBrain software in normal paediatric population
Authors: Turamanlar Ozan , Kundakci Yunus Emre , Saritas Alperen , Bilir Abdülkadir , Atay Emre , Gökaslan Cigdem Ozer 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundMorphological differences that can lead to cerebellar volume changes are associated with the pathogenesis of paediatric diseases. The aim of this study was to examine cerebellum volume in a healthy paediatric population.Materials and methodsTo provide MRI‐based volumetric measurements of the cerebellum, images from the years 2019 to 2021 were scanned retrospectively. A total of 100 images, including the paediatric population aged 0–15 years, were imported into the volBrain software. Volumetric segmentations were obtained automatically, and each lobular cerebellar volume was obtained. The samples were divided into groups of 0–2 years (n = 18), 3–5 years (n = 24), 6–11 years (n = 34) and 12–15 years (n = 24). Obtained cerebellar volumes, age groups, gender and bilateral side comparisons were made.ResultsIn the comparative analyses performed for the total cerebellum and each of the 12 lobular segments, statistically significant differences were found between the age groups in all measurements except Crus II, lobules VIIB, VIIIA and VIIIB (p < 0.05). In multiple comparison tests, statistically significant differences were found between defined age groups, especially infants and toddlers and early adolescence groups (p < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between the ages of the subjects and their cerebellum volumes (p < 0.05). Statistically significant differences were found in lobules I–II, VI, VIIIB, IX and X in right and left side volumes (p < 0.05).ConclusionThere is a tendency to increase in cerebellar volume during the transition from childhood to adolescence. The cerebellum has volumetric differences in the first years of life and during adolescence. When the development of a healthy cerebellum is analysed based on volumetric segmentation, differences are observed. The findings of this study may be useful in confirming various theories attributed to the cerebellum in the clinic.
A mouse mutant deficient in both neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis‐associated proteins CLN3 and TPP1
Authors: Sleat David E. , Banach‐Petrosky Whitney , Larrimore Katherine E. , Nemtsova Yuliya , Wiseman Jennifer A. , Najafi Allison , Johnson Dymonn , Poole Timothy A. , Takahashi Keigo , Cooper Jonathan D. , Lobel Peter 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLate‐infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (LINCL) and juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL) are inherited neurodegenerative diseases caused by mutations in the genes encoding lysosomal proteins tripeptidyl peptidase 1 (TPP1) and CLN3 protein, respectively. TPP1 is well‐understood and, aided by animal models that accurately recapitulate the human disease, enzyme replacement therapy has been approved and other promising therapies are emerging. In contrast, there are no effective treatments for JNCL, partly because the function of the CLN3 protein remains unknown but also because animal models have attenuated disease and lack robust survival phenotypes. Mouse models for LINCL and JNCL, with mutations in Tpp1 and Cln3, respectively, have been thoroughly characterized but the phenotype of a double Cln3/Tpp1 mutant remains unknown. We created this double mutant and find that its phenotype is essentially indistinguishable from the single Tpp1−/− mutant in terms of survival and brain pathology. Analysis of brain proteomic changes in the single Tpp1−/− and double Cln3−/−;Tpp1−/− mutants indicates largely overlapping sets of altered proteins and reinforces earlier studies that highlight GPNMB, LYZ2, and SERPINA3 as promising biomarker candidates in LINCL while several lysosomal proteins including SMPD1 and NPC1 appear to be altered in the Cln3−/− animals. An unexpected finding was that Tpp1 heterozygosity significantly decreased lifespan of the Cln3−/− mouse. The truncated survival of this mouse model makes it potentially useful in developing therapies for JNCL using survival as an endpoint. In addition, this model may also provide insights into CLN3 protein function and its potential functional interactions with TPP1.
Characterizing treatment burden during neoadjuvant therapy for patients with gastrointestinal cancer: A mixed methods analysis
Authors: Bath Natalie M. , Sarna Angela , Palettas Marilly , Monsour Christina , Stevens Lena , Santry Heena , Ejaz Aslam , Kim Alex , Pawlik Timothy , Cloyd Jordan M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionNeoadjuvant therapy (NT) is increasingly used before surgery for patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. Treatment burden is a patient‐centered measure defined as the work of being a patient and characterizes the impact of medical treatment on one's functioning and well‐being. While treatment burden has previously been studied in chronic diseases and cancer survivorship, the treatment burden of undergoing NT is unknown.MethodsAll patients enrolled in a prospective cohort study evaluating the real‐time experience of NT for GI cancers completed either the Patient Experience with Treatment and Self‐management (PETS) survey, a 46‐item validated measure of treatment burden, or the mini‐PETS questionnaire. PETS subsections were scored on a 5‐point Likert scale and then standardized on a 100‐point scale (a higher number means more treatment burden). Semistructured interviews were conducted among a convenience sample of patients (n = 5); qualitative data were coded and then analyzed using an integrated approach.ResultsAmong 126 participants, the mean age was 59 years old, 61% were male, and the mean number of comorbidities was 1.57. The most common cancers were colorectal (46%) and pancreatic (28%). The mean length of NT treatment was 3.7 months and 80.2% of patients underwent surgical resection following NT. The highest standardized treatment burden scores were observed in healthcare services (44 ± 15), social limitations (44 ± 26), exhaustion (41 ± 23), and medical expenses (40 ± 18) whereas the lowest scores were reported in medication use (19 ± 16) and interpersonal challenges (19 ± 17). Commonly experienced emotional symptoms were feeling worn out (43%) or frustrated (32%). No significant differences were observed in mean treatment burden subscores between patients who underwent surgery versus those who did not. Qualitative analysis of treatment burden during NT identified common themes of impact on normal life activities, challenges with healthcare access, impact on relationships, and significant physical and emotional symptoms.ConclusionsNT is associated with a significant treatment burden, particularly in the domains of accessing healthcare services, social limitations, and exhaustion. Given the increasing use of NT for GI cancers, novel patient‐centered approaches are needed to improve quality of life and ensure the completion of multimodality therapy.
Ultrasound Assessment of Abdominal Muscle Thickness With and Without Lumbopelvic Pain in Pregnant Women
Authors: Kawabe Rika , Morino Saori , Ishihara Mika , Shimoura Kanako , Yamashiro Chiaki , Negoro Kaho , Chen Chang Yu , Koshi Masumi , Kato Naoko , Hatanaka Hiroko , Umezaki Fumiko , Yamashita Mamoru , Aoyama Tomoki , Nagai‐Tanima Momoko 
Published: April 2023

ObjectivesLumbopelvic pain (LPP) is a very common cause of discomfort during pregnancy, but its etiology remains unclear. The association between abdominal muscle thickness and LPP in pregnant women has not been studied extensively, despite the significant abdominal changes that occur during pregnancy. This study aimed to examine the relationship between abdominal muscle thickness and LPP in pregnant women.MethodsIn this study, 49 pregnant women in their second trimester participated. The intensity of LPP was assessed using a numerical rating scale. Ultrasound imaging was used to measure the thickness of abdominal muscles, including the rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles. Participants were classified into two groups, the LPP group and non‐LPP group, and the abdominal muscle thickness was compared between the two groups. The statistical significance level was set at P < .05.ResultsThere were 24 and 25 participants in the LPP and non‐LPP groups, respectively. Internal oblique (IO) thickness was significantly thinner in the LPP group than in the non‐LPP group (5.4 ± 0.2 mm versus 6.1 ± 0.2 mm; P = .042). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that IO thickness was significantly associated with LPP (odds ratio, 0.516; 95% confidence interval, 0.284–0.935; P = .019).ConclusionsThis study suggested that LPP in second trimester pregnancy might be related to IO thickness. Further longitudinal studies are needed to understand the role of this muscle as an LPP risk factor for pregnant women.
Influence of the Frequency‐to‐Place Function on Recognition with Place‐Based Cochlear Implant Maps
Authors: Dillon Margaret T. , Helpard Luke , Brown Kevin D. , Selleck A. Morgan , Richter Margaret E. , Rooth Meredith A. , Thompson Nicholas J. , Dedmon Matthew M. , Ladak Hanif M. , Agrawal Sumit 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveComparison of acute speech recognition for cochlear implant (CI) alone and electric‐acoustic stimulation (EAS) users listening with default maps or place‐based maps using either a spiral ganglion (SG) or a new Synchrotron Radiation‐Artificial Intelligence (SR‐AI) frequency‐to‐place function.MethodsThirteen adult CI‐alone or EAS users completed a task of speech recognition at initial device activation with maps that differed in the electric filter frequency assignments. The three map conditions were: (1) maps with the default filter settings (default map), (2) place‐based maps with filters aligned to cochlear SG tonotopicity using the SG function (SG place‐based map), and (3) place‐based maps with filters aligned to cochlear Organ of Corti (OC) tonotopicity using the SR‐AI function (SR‐AI place‐based map). Speech recognition was evaluated using a vowel recognition task. Performance was scored as the percent correct for formant 1 recognition due to the rationale that the maps would deviate the most in the estimated cochlear place frequency for low frequencies.ResultsOn average, participants had better performance with the OC SR‐AI place‐based map as compared to the SG place‐based map and the default map. A larger performance benefit was observed for EAS users than for CI‐alone users.ConclusionThese pilot data suggest that EAS and CI‐alone users may experience better performance with a patient‐centered mapping approach that accounts for the variability in cochlear morphology (OC SR‐AI frequency‐to‐place function) in the individualization of the electric filter frequencies (place‐based mapping procedure).Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 133:3540–3547, 2023
Ink‐Assisted Laser‐Induced Heterogeneous Permanent/Erasable Nanostructures on Metals
Authors: Li Ruihao , Zhou Yuhao , Liu Shiting , Huang Min , Jiang Shaoji 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStructural color fabrication attracting significant interest for science and art is usually restricted by costly and time‐consuming structuring processes or inerasable characteristics of structures. Herein, by developing a universal, low‐cost technical solution—the nanosecond laser irradiation of ink (Solvent Black 7) layers coated on metal—laser‐induced heterogeneous permanent/erasable nanostructures (LIHPEN) are produced successfully on multiple metals, especially noble metals, without ablation damage to intrinsic surfaces. LIHPEN consist of uniform laser‐induced periodic surface structures produced by surface plasmon polariton excitation of metals and can be extended into 2D hybrid micro/nanostructures by introducing the direct laser interference patterning technique. LIHPEN technology operated under a large processing parameter window can realize space‐selective erasability of prepared structures by controlling processing parameters, which determine the ink‐layer carbonization degree and thus the permanent or erasable characteristic. Because ink layers can be coated manually, in addition to realizing digital scanning patterns, LIHPEN technology can be integrated with traditional artistic techniques to solidify and color artworks without risk of information loss and leakage in digital copying. LIHPEN with good durability can exhibit vivid structural colors on metals, demonstrating its great potential in fields of artwork iridescent coloring, encryption, and anti‐counterfeiting, particularly those requiring customization, personalization, and rewritability.