bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A physiological approach to applying CPAP in the preterm infant
Authors: Polin Richard A. , Sahni Rakesh 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is increasingly used for respiratory support in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome at birth and after extubation from mechanical ventilation. Controversies with CPAP use still exists due to non‐uniformity of devices and interfaces used, equivalence of testing conditions for different CPAP systems, differences in study designs, and short study periods that may be insufficient to detect important and relevant clinical outcomes. Compared with ventilator‐derived constant‐pressure flow‐opposition CPAP, variable fluidic flow‐opposition CPAP systems may be advantageous and offer some clinical benefits. The distinction between constant‐flow fluid‐sealed bubble CPAP and variable‐flow fluidic flow‐opposition systems is less clear. Appropriately designed randomized clinical trials that separately address the controversies with CPAP use in various clinical settings, are necessary to determine which CPAP system results in best outcomes.
Tactics targeting circular mRNA biosynthesis
Authors: Chen Xinjie , Wang Chen , Lu Yuan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFaced with the development of mRNA technology in the field of medicine and vaccine, circular mRNA (circmRNA) becomes a strong alternative to mRNA for its circular secondary structure and higher stability. At present, the synthesis of circmRNAs has been realized by ligating linear mRNA precursors and is limited by poor efficiency. To solve this challenge, this study started with ribozyme catalysis and enzymatic reaction to explore different circmRNA biosynthesis strategies. In terms of ribozyme method, by screening different group I intron self‐splicing system sequences, the sequence from thymidylate synthase (Td) gene of phage T4 showed the highest ligation efficiency. In terms of enzyme method, with the help of 20‐bp homologous arm, T4 Rnl 2 was determined as the ligation method with the highest ligation efficiency. By comparing the two ligation methods, the expression level of circmRNA ligated by T4 Rnl 2 was 86% higher than that ligated by Td ribozyme. Based on these ligation methods, the screening results of internal ribosome entry site (IRES) sequences showed that mud crab dicistrovirus IRES was an IRES sequence with high ribosome binding ability and could be widely used in circmRNAs for efficient and stable translation in mammalian cells. These results should provide positive guidance for the industrial production of circmRNAs and the development of mRNA vaccines. Eventually, circmRNAs could widely function in the field of biomedicine.
Amino‐Ene Click Reaction of Electron‐Deficient π‐Conjugated Molecules with Negative Activation Enthalpies
Authors: Sanematsu Haruki , Nagata Yuuya , Takeuchi Masayuki , Takai Atsuro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAn amino‐ene click reaction is a type of aza‐Michael addition reaction that is congruent with click chemistry in terms of its reaction efficiency and rate under mild conditions. The amino‐ene click reaction is increasingly recognized as a prominent synthetic tool to form C−N bonds in the context of organic materials chemistry and polymer chemistry. Herein, an unconventional amino‐ene click reaction with negative activation enthalpies, in which an electron‐deficient π‐conjugated molecule, such as a naphthalenediimide, reacts with an amine faster at lower temperatures is reported. The detailed study of the reaction mechanism reveals that the amino‐ene click reaction proceeds via a pre‐equilibrium reaction, the key to which is the formation of a stable reaction intermediate due to the solvation and charge delocalization on the π‐core. By optimizing the reaction conditions, it was demonstrated that the amino‐ene click reaction proceeded faster at 273 K than at 347 K, which was easily observed visually.
Moderate COVID‐19 Disease Is Associated With Reduced Bone Turnover
Authors: Kerschan‐Schindl Katharina , Dovjak Peter , Butylina Maria , Rainer Anna , Mayr Bernhard , Röggla Veronika , Haslacher Helmuth , Weber Michael , Jordakieva Galateja , Pietschmann Peter 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV2) infection has been associated with musculoskeletal manifestations, including a negative effect on bone health. Bone formation was found to be reduced in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients. The aim of this case–control study was to determine whether bone metabolism is coupled or uncoupled in COVID‐19 patients with moderately severe disease, the latter expressed by the requirement of hospitalization but not intensive care treatment, no need for mechanical ventilation, and a C‐reactive protein level of (median [quartiles], 16.0 [4.0; 52.8]) mg/L in serum. Besides standard biochemical markers, serum levels of C‐terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen, tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase, osteocalcin, bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase, sclerostin, dickkopf‐1, and osteoprotegerin were evaluated in COVID‐19–infected patients at the time of hospital admission, along with those of age‐ and sex‐matched noninfected controls. The median age of the 14 female and 11 male infected patients included in the matched‐pair analysis was (67 [53; 81]) years. C‐terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen was significantly lower in COVID‐19 patients (0.172 [0.097; 0.375] ng/mL) than in controls (0.462 [0.300; 0.649] ng/mL; p = 0.011). The patients' osteocalcin levels (10.50 [6.49; 16.26] ng/mL) were also lower than those of controls (15.33 [11.85, 19.63] ng/mL, p = 0.025). Serum levels of sclerostin and dickkopf‐1 were significantly higher in infected patients relative to controls. The remaining parameters did not differ between cases and controls. A limitation of the study was that patients and controls were recruited from different hospitals. Nevertheless, due to the geographical proximity of the two centers, we assume that this fact did not influence the results of the study. Given this limitation, the investigation showed that bone metabolism is altered but remains coupled in patients with moderately severe COVID‐19. Therefore, it is important to evaluate bone turnover markers and fracture risk in these patients during the postinfection period. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Non‐bank financing of small and medium size firms in developing economies: Effect of management control systems including large firm affiliation
Authors: Nketia Joseph , Asare Enoch Kusi , Ampofo Akwasi A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between Management Control Systems (MCS) of Small to Medium Size Enterprise (SME) and how that can sway financing of working capital (short‐term) and long‐term assets by non‐bank sponsors/investors. Based on the World Bank enterprise survey, we examined elements within the data that we classified as key components of management control mechanisms that can affect the effective running of SMEs to attract non‐bank financing. We developed six hypotheses to test the vigor of the association of financial report systems and/or subsidiaries status of SMEs and the financing of working capital and/or long‐term assets by non‐banks. The results of our tests illustrate that generally firms with sound financial systems and/or that are subsidiaries of a parent company entice non‐banks sponsors to finance the working capital and long‐ term assets of SMEs. This study contributes to the financing literature by examining MCS employed by non‐banks to extend financing to SMEs.
Intrinsic factors behind long‐COVID: I. Prevalence of the extracellular vesicles
Authors: El‐Maradny Yousra A. , Rubio‐Casillas Alberto , Uversky Vladimir N. , Redwan Elrashdy M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIt can be argued that the severity of COVID‐19 has decreased in many countries. This could be a result of the broad coverage of the population by vaccination campaigns, which often reached an almost compulsory status in many places. Furthermore, significant roles were played by the multiple mutations in the body of the virus, which led to the emergence of several new SARS‐CoV‐2 variants with enhanced infectivity but dramatically reduced pathogenicity. However, the challenges associated with the development of various side effects and their persistence for long periods exceeding 20 months as a result of the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, or taking available vaccines against it, are spreading horizontally and vertically in number and repercussions. For example, the World Health Organization announced that there are more than 17 million registered cases of long‐COVID (also known as post‑COVID syndrome) in the European Union countries alone. Furthermore, by using the PubMed search engine, one can find that more than 10 000 articles have been published focusing exclusively on long‐COVID. In light of these enormous and ever‐increasing numbers of cases and published articles, most of which are descriptive of the various long‐COVID symptoms, the need to know the reasons behind this phenomenon raises several important questions. Is long‐COVID caused by the continued presence of the virus or one/several of its components in the recovering individual body for long periods of time, which urges the body to respond in a way that leads to long‐COVID development? Or are there some latent and limited reasons related to the recovering patients themselves? Or is it a sum of both? Many observations support a positive answer to the first question, whereas others back the second question but typically without releasing a fundamental reason/signal behind it. Whatever the answer is, it seems that the real reasons behind this widespread phenomenon remain unclear. This report opens a series of articles, in which we will try to shed light on the underlying causes that could be behind the long‐COVID phenomenon.
Utilization of a Population Pharmacokinetic Model to Improve a Busulfan Test‐Dose Strategy in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients
Authors: Dunlap Tyler C. , Weiner Daniel L. , Kemper Ryan M. , Kardouh Miramar , DeVane Susanna C. , Symonds Allison , Shaw J. Ryan , Armistead Paul M. , Ptachcinski Jonathan R. , Crona Daniel J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBusulfan is an alkylating agent used as part of conditioning chemotherapy regimens prior to allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (allo‐HCT). Pharmacokinetic (PK)‐guided test‐dose strategies have been shown to improve the number of patients achieving busulfan exposure goals and improve clinical outcomes. However, current practices require extensive PK sampling. In this study, PK data were retrospectively collected from busulfan drug monitoring records from adult allo‐HCT recipients who received once‐daily intravenous busulfan at the University of North Carolina Medical Center (UNCMC). A population pharmacokinetic (popPK) model was developed to identify sources of interindividual variability and evaluate alternative PK sampling strategies. A 2‐compartment model, with covariate effects of actual body weight and sex, best described the data. The typical value of clearance for an 83 kg male was estimated to be 11.21 L/h. Fifty‐nine percent of allo‐HCT recipients were estimated to have met the UNCMC institutional myeloablative conditioning (MAC) exposure goal based on model post hoc estimates of clearance using all PK samples obtained following MAC dosing. Fifty‐seven percent of patients were estimated to have met this goal based on post hoc estimates using a single PK sample. Our results indicate once‐daily, intravenous busulfan PK in adult allo‐HCT recipients receiving MAC dosing can be reasonably described by a popPK model, and the use of a sparse PK sampling strategy may be feasible for determining target exposure attainment following MAC dosing. Use of a popPK model and sparse PK sampling strategy to carry out busulfan test‐dose procedures could reduce health care costs and inconvenience to patients.
Post‐translational regulation of muscle growth, muscle aging and sarcopenia
Authors: Zhong Qian , Zheng Kun , Li Wanmeng , An Kang , Liu Yu , Xiao Xina , Hai Shan , Dong Biao , Li Shuangqing , An Zhenmei , Dai Lunzhi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSkeletal muscle makes up 30–40% of the total body mass. It is of great significance in maintaining digestion, inhaling and exhaling, sustaining body posture, exercising, protecting joints and many other aspects. Moreover, muscle is also an important metabolic organ that helps to maintain the balance of sugar and fat. Defective skeletal muscle function not only limits the daily activities of the elderly but also increases the risk of disability, hospitalization and death, placing a huge burden on society and the healthcare system. Sarcopenia is a progressive decline in muscle mass, muscle strength and muscle function with age caused by environmental and genetic factors, such as the abnormal regulation of protein post‐translational modifications (PTMs). To date, many studies have shown that numerous PTMs, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, glycosylation, glycation, methylation, S‐nitrosylation, carbonylation and S‐glutathionylation, are involved in the regulation of muscle health and diseases. This article systematically summarizes the post‐translational regulation of muscle growth and muscle atrophy and helps to understand the pathophysiology of muscle aging and develop effective strategies for diagnosing, preventing and treating sarcopenia.
Sonication and heat‐mediated synthesis, characterization and larvicidal activity of sericin‐based silver nanoparticles against dengue vector (Aedes aegypti)
Authors: Summer Muhammad , Tahir Hafiz Muhammad , Ali Shaukat 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFabrication, characterization and evaluation of the larvicidal potential of novel silk protein (sericin)‐based silver nanoparticles (Se‐AgNPs) were the prime motives of the designed study. Furthermore, investigation of the sericin as natural reducing or stabilizing agent was another objective behind this study. Se‐AgNPs were synthesized using sonication and heat. Fabricated Se‐AgNPs were characterized using particle size analyzer, UV spectrophotometry, FTIR and SEM which confirmed the fabrication of the Se‐AgNPs. Size of sonication‐mediated Se‐AgNPs was smaller (7.49 nm) than heat‐assisted Se‐AgNPs (53.6 nm). Being smallest in size, sonication‐assisted Se‐AgNPs revealed the significantly highest (F4,10 = 39.20, p = .00) larvicidal activity against fourth instar lab and field larvae (F4,10 = 1864, p = .00) of dengue vector (Aedes aegypti) followed by heat‐assisted Se‐AgNPs and positive control (temephos). Non‐significant larvicidal activity was showed by silver (without sericin) which made the temperature stability of silver, debatable. Furthermore, findings of biochemical assays (glutathione‐S transferase, esterase, and acetylcholinesterase) showed the levels of resistance in field strain larvae. Aforementioned findings of the study suggests the sonication as the best method for synthesis of Se‐AgNPs while the larvicidal activity is inversely proportional to the size of Se‐AgNPs, i.e., smallest the size, highest the larvicidal activity. Conclusively, status of the sericin as a natural reducing/stabilizing agent has been endorsed by the findings of this study.Research Highlights
Incorporation of biocompatible and inexpensive sericin as a capping/reducing agent for synthesis of Se‐AgNPs.
A novel sonication method was used for the fabrication of Se‐AgNPs which were thoroughly characterized by particle size analyzer, UV–visible spectrophotometry, SEM and FTIR.
Analysis of enzymatic (GSTs, ESTs) levels in field and lab strains of Aedes aegypti larvae for evaluation of insecticides resistance.
Raman spectroscopic signals of carotenoid distribution during stages of cell growth of unicellular organisms and plant cells
Authors: Badgujar Pooja Manik , Lin Yu‐Chung , Lin Zhe‐Rui , Lin Ming‐Der , Cheng Chia‐Liang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUnderstanding life at the molecular level is inherently difficult, as no precise method can very specifically determine “The activities of life.” The feasibility to observe the activation of life in an organism using molecular information through Raman spectroscopy in various biological systems is investigated in this work. The idea of determining the “dormant” state to the “growing state” state in complex organisms using specific Raman spectral bands is explained in this study. We found the Raman spectral evidence of carotenoids molecule that shows its appearance from freshwater worms to germinated and non‐germinated seeds. This study investigates the molecular functions of carotenoids in different biosystems. Given the complexity of biological systems, observations from Raman spectroscopic measurements indicate that carotenoids show strong molecular activity when life is growing as compared with a dormant state. We conclude that carotenoid's Raman bands can be considered as the biomarker of growing states in living organisms.
Age represents the main driver of surgical decision making in patients candidate to radical cystectomy
Authors: Dell'Oglio Paolo , Tappero Stefano , Panunzio Andrea , Antonelli Alessandro , Salvador Daniel , Xylinas Evanguelos , Alvarez‐Maestro Mario , Hurle Rodolfo , Salas Rafael Sanchez , Colomer Anna , Simone Giuseppe , Hendricksen Kees , Peroni Angelo , Lonati Chiara , Olivero Alberto , Rouprêt Morgan , Roumiguié Mathieu , Soria Francesco , Umari Paolo , D'Andrea David , Terrone Carlo , Galfano Antonio , Moschini Marco , Trapani Ettore Di ,   The European Association of Urology‐Young Academic Urologists (EAU‐YAU): Urothelial Carcinoma Working Group
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAge might influence the choice of surgical approach, type of urinary diversion (UD) and lymph node dissection (LND) in patients candidate to radical cystectomy (RC) for urothelial bladder cancer (UBC). Similarly, age may enhance surgical morbidity and worsen perioperative outcomes. We tested the impact of age (octogenarian vs. younger patients) on surgical decision making and peri‐ and postoperative outcomes of RC.MethodsNon‐metastatic muscle‐invasive UBC patients treated with RC at 18 high‐volume European institutions between 2006 and 2021 were identified and stratified according to age (≥80 vs. <80 years). Intraoperative Complications Assessment and Reporting with Universal Standards and European Association of Urology guidelines recommendations were accomplished in collection and reporting of, respectively, intraoperative and postoperative complications. Multivariable logistic regression models (MVA) tested the impact of age on outcomes of interest. Sensitivity analyses after 1:3 propensity score matching were performed.ResultsOf 1955 overall patients, 251 (13%) were ≥80‐year‐old. Minimally invasive RC was performed in 18% and 40% of octogenarian and younger patients, respectively (p < 0.001). UD without bowel manipulation (ureterocutaneostomy, UCS) was performed in 31% and 7% of octogenarian and younger patients (p < 0.001). LND was delivered to 81% and 93% of octogenarian and younger patients (p < 0.001). At MVA, age ≥80 years independently predicted open approach (odds ratio [OR]: 1.55), UCS (OR: 3.70), and omission of LND (OR: 0.41; all p ≤ 0.02).Compared to their younger counterparts, octogenarian patients experienced higher rates of intraoperative (8% vs. 4%, p = 0.04) but not of postoperative complications (64% vs. 61%, p = 0.07). At MVA, age ≥80 years was not an independent predictor of length of stay, intraoperative or postoperative transfusions and complications, and readmissions (all p values >0.1). These results were replicated in sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsAge ≥80 years does not independently portend worse surgical outcomes for RC. However, octogenarians are unreasonably more likely to receive open approach and UCS diversion, and less likely to undergo LND.
Evaluation of emergency department treat‐and‐release encounters after major gastrointestinal surgery
Authors: Brajcich Brian C. , Johnson Julie K. , Holl Jane L. , Bilimoria Karl Y. , Ager Meagan S. , Chung Jeanette , Joung Rachel Hae Soo , Iroz Cassandra B. , Odell David D. , Bentrem David J. , Yang Anthony D. , Franklin Patricia D. , Slota Jennifer M. , Silver Casey M. , Skolarus Ted , Merkow Ryan P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesEmergency department (ED) utilization after gastrointestinal cancer operations is poorly characterized. Our study objectives were to determine the incidence of, reasons for, and predictors of ED treat‐and‐release encounters after gastrointestinal cancer operations.MethodsPatients who underwent elective esophageal, hepatobiliary, gastric, pancreatic, small intestinal, or colorectal operations for cancer were identified in the 2015–2017 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient and State Emergency Department Databases for New York, Maryland, and Florida. The primary outcomes were the incidence of ED treat‐and‐release encounters and readmissions within 30 days of discharge.ResultsAmong 51 527 patients at 406 hospitals, 4047 (7.9%) had an ED treat‐and‐release encounter, and 5573 (10.8%) had an ED encounter with readmission. In total, 40.7% of ED encounters were treat‐and‐release encounters. ED treat‐and‐release encounters were most frequently for pain (12.0%), device/ostomy complaints (11.7%), or wound complaints (11.4%). ED treat‐and‐release encounters predictors included non‐Hispanic Black race/ethnicity (odds ratio [OR] 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12–1.37) and Medicare (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.16–1.40) or Medicaid (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.62–2.40) coverage.ConclusionsED treat‐and‐release encounters are common after major gastrointestinal operations, making up nearly half of postdischarge ED encounters. The reasons for ED treat‐and‐release encounters differ from those for ED encounters with readmissions.
6‐Shogaol from Dried Ginger Protects against Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion by Inhibiting Cell Apoptosis via the BDNF/TrkB/PI3K/AKT Pathway
Authors: Li Bin , Wang Yunxiang , Yuan Xin , Liu Guanting , Diao Yunpeng , Liu Jing 
Published: April 2023

ScopeIntestinal ischemia‐reperfusion (II/R) injury is a common pathological process with high morbidity and mortality. Effective prevention and treatment therapies for II/R are clinically necessary. 6‐Shogaol (6‐SG), the main active ingredient in dried ginger, behaviors multiple biological activities, including anti‐inflammation, antioxidation, and anti‐apoptosis. This study aims to elucidate the protective effects and mechanism of 6‐SG against II/R‐induced injury.Methods and resultsSprague‐Dawley rats are pre‐treated orally with 6‐SG and subjected to II/R injury by clamping superior mesenteric artery for 1 h and reperfusion for 2 h. Caco‐2 cells are challenged by hypoxia/reoxygenation to mimic II/R in vitro. 6‐SG pre‐treatment protects against II/R injury by reducing intestinal morphological damage and intestinal barrier injury via inhibiting cell apoptosis. Network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses reveal that 6‐SG has a high affinity with brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) formed homodimer or heterodimer with NT4 instead of the monomer, and thus the dimer configuration is stabilized, activating BDNF/TrkB/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and inhibiting II/R‐induced cell apoptosis. The outcome is further validated both in vivo and in vitro.Conclusion6‐Shogaol protects against II/R injury by inhibiting cell apoptosis through the BDNF/TrkB/PI3K/AKT pathway. This study offers a new understanding of the protection mechanism of 6‐SG against II/R‐induced injury.