bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cluster Preface: Special Issue Honoring Masahiro Murakami’s Contributions to Science
Authors: Martin Ruben 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Ruben Martin (left) was born in Barcelona in 1976. After receiving his PhD at the Universitat de Barcelona with Prof. Antoni Riera, he moved in January 2004 to the Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim, as a Humboldt postdoctoral fellow with Prof. Alois Fürstner, where he worked on iron cross-coupling reactions. In May 2005, he undertook further postdoctoral studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with Prof. Stephen L. Buchwald where he developed new metal-catalyzed C–C and C–N bond-forming reactions. In September 2008, he initiated his independent career as an Assistant Professor at ICIQ (Tarragona). In July 2013, he was promoted to Associate Professor and subsequently to ICREA Research Professor. His research interests concern the discovery and development of synthetically useful organo­metallic methodologies.

Masahiro Murakami (right) studied chemistry at the University of ­Tokyo under the supervision of Professor Mukaiyama, receiving his doctoral degree in science in 1984. He started his career with a research assistant position to Professor Mukaiyama at the same place. In 1987, he moved to Kyoto University to take a research assistant position to the late Professor Yoshihiko Ito (1937–2006). He took a leave from May in 1991 to March in 1992 to work for Professor Albert Eschenmoser at ETH Zürich as a post-doctoral fellow. He then returned to Kyoto, being promoted to Associate Professor in 1993 and Professor in 2002. In March 2022, he retired from Kyoto University. His research interests include the development of synthetically useful, yet mechanistically interesting, organic sections, and the utilization of photo-energy for organic synthesis.
Acupuncture Clinical Trials on Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Gong Changzhen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe outcomes of eight acupuncture clinical trials on knee osteoarthritis were published in well-regarded English-language mainstream medical journals between 1975 and 2022. Reported trial results were equally balanced between positive and negative outcomes, thus producing an overall impression of ambiguity in regard to the efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. This paper reviews these trials, analyzes the factors taken into account in each trial, and has posited two reasons for the continuing lack of consensus in regard to the medical effectiveness of acupuncture: the difficulty of designing scientifically consistent clinical-trial studies; and an institutional bias toward ambiguity on the part of scientific and medical journals.
Pituitary Hormonal Disturbances in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Moura Jose Carlos de , Azevedo Hildo Rocha Cirne de , Valença Marcelo Moraes , Vidal Claudio Henrique Fernandes , Moura Samuel Miranda de , Rodrigues Mateus de Sousa 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective The objective of the present study was to assess the hormonal alterations that occurred in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Methods This is a case series with 21 patients diagnosed with subarachnoid hemorrhage of aneurysmal etiology up to 30 days after the ictus. The following hormonal measurements were performed in these patients: cortisol, GH, testosterone, prolactin, estradiol, FSH, LH, FSH, T3, T4 and free T4. The hormonal results of the cases were compared with the results of twelve volunteers from the control group and correlated with findings in brain tomography, cerebral angiography, Hunt-Hess scale, and vasospasm.
Results The main altered hormones were cortisol (52.6%), GH (42.9%) and TSH (28.6%). There was a trend towards more severe cases in the following groups of patients: Hunt-Hess scale > 2, Fisher scale > 1, aneurysmal topography in the anterior communicating artery and those who had vasospasm.
Conclusion The present study observed the tendency of pituitary hormonal changes in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage of aneurysmal etiology, corroborating the need for dosage of hormones from the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in the management of these cases.
Mitophagy Regulation by Kangxian Yixin Granule in a Mouse Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Liu Shunyu , Hei Xuanding , Wu Hong , Wang Zhentao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective Kangxian Yixin granule (KXYXG) has been found to be effective in the clinical treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). We aim to explore the effect of KXYXG and the underlying mechanism in a mouse model of DCM.
Methods Thirty specific pathogen-free (SPF) male cTnTR141W mice with DCM were randomly divided into the model group, KXYXG (20.4 g/kg/d) group and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) (1.5 mg/kg/d) group; 10 SPF male C57BL/6J mice were included to form the normal group. The mice in KXYXG group and CoQ10 group were administered by oral gavage for 8 weeks. M-echocardiography was used to evaluate the cardiac function in mice, and hematoxylin and eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy were performed to observe morphological characters. The colocalization and expression levels of mitophagy-related proteins were observed using immunofluorescence and western blot.
Results Compared with the normal group, the model group showed ventricular remodeling, cardiac insufficiency, disordered arrangement of cardiomyocytes, as well as disordered mitochondria and irregular and diffuse swelling. Furthermore, the model group had lower mitophagy protein colocalization and autophagy flux. Furthermore, PINK1 and Parkin expression levels decreased in the mice with DCM (p < 0.05). KXYXG could decrease the left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters and mitochondrial injury, rescue cardiac dysfunction and remodeling, and protect against myocardial ultrastructure changes in the mice with DCM. KXYXG also increased the colocalization levels of mitophagy-related proteins and PINK1 and Parkin expression levels compared with those in the model group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion KXYXG can protect against heart injury by possibly activating the PINK1/Parkin pathway and mitophagy in mice with DCM.
Distribution and Characteristics of Carpal Bone Tumors: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chughtai Morad , Orriols Adrienne M. , Saengchote Supreeya A. , Kim Jongmin , Wright Thomas W. , Dell Paul C. , Matthias Robert C. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background Carpal bone tumors are rare in the literature, making it difficult to identify their clinical presentation.
Purpose This systematic review analyzes the characteristics of published carpal bone tumor cases to identify the most frequent patterns in diagnoses. Attention is paid to the carpal bone involved and type, and patient demographics was performed to summarize published findings.
Methods A systematic review was searched on PubMed, Ovid, and Cochrane databases gathering literature on carpal bone tumors. After applying specific criteria, final analysis of the literature yielded 151 patients with 156 carpal bone neoplasms.
Results The most common carpal bones involved were the scaphoid (48, 31%), capitate (31, 20%), and hamate (24, 15%). Benign tumors represented the largest majority (133, 85%), followed by metastatic (17, 11%) and primary malignant (7, 5%). The most frequent tumor types were osteoid osteoma (37, 24%), osteoblastoma or giant cell tumor (24, 15%), intraosseous ganglia (21, 13%), and chondroblastoma (14, 9%). Within the metastatic category, most tumors derived from lung carcinoma (10, 59%), followed by renal cell carcinoma (2, 12%). There were three types within the malignant category: chondrosarcoma (3, 43%), hemangioendothelial sarcoma (3, 43%), and osteosarcoma (1, 14%).
Conclusion The most frequent carpal bones observed were the scaphoid, capitate, and hamate. Most tumors were benign. The most common tumor types were osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma, and giant cell tumor. Metastatic carpal tumors were most commonly from lung carcinoma. Chondrosarcoma and hemangioendothelial sarcoma were the most common primary malignancies.
Citizens’ candidates? Labour market experiences and radical right-wing candidates in the 2014 Swedish municipal elections
Authors: Helske Satu , Kawalerowicz Juta 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article uses Swedish register data to study the labour market experiences of radical right-wing candidates standing in local elections. We look at different measures of economic insecurity (labour market participation trajectories, experience of unemployment in social networks and relative growth in the number of jobs for foreign-born workers vis-a-vis natives) and examine whether they are predictors of candidates running for the Sweden Democrats, the main radical right-wing party in Sweden, as opposed to running for mainstream political parties. We find that the labour market trajectories of such candidates are markedly different from those of mainstream party candidates. Those with turbulent or out-of-labour market trajectories are much more likely to run for the Sweden Democrats, as opposed to other parties. The same is also true for candidates embedded in social networks with higher levels of unemployment, while working in a high-skilled industry markedly lowers the probability of running for the Sweden Democrats, especially for male candidates with low educational attainment. We find mixed results for the ethnic threat hypothesis.
Experimental and numerical investigations of heat transfer and flow characteristics during flow boiling in straight and diverging PDMS microchannel
Authors: Alugoju Uday Kumar , Dubey Satish Kumar , Javed Arshad 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Recent trends of miniaturization and densely packed circuits have necessitated the development of novel cooling methods, especially for emerging fields like flexible microelectronics, biotechnology, and nanotechnology. A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based microchannel flow boiling heat sink can be used for these applications due to its unique properties as such as unique mechanical properties, biocompatibility, optical transparency, etc. PDMS microchannels are fabricated using soft lithography techniques, which involve using a mould to pattern the PDMS material. The mould is created using photolithography, and the PDMS is poured over the mould and cured to create the microchannels. In this study, an effort is made to compare the flow and heat transfer performance of a PDMS microchannel heat sink with different channel shapes, i.e. straight and diverging microchannel heat sinks for different heat flux and mass flux conditions. The PDMS microchannel was fabricated using the soft lithography technique and a flexible laser-induced graphene heater was fabricated and integrated with the developed PDMS microchannel to act as a heat source. Experimentally, the parameters like bubble pattern, pressure drop, exit vapour quality, and corresponding heat transfer coefficient were determined at varying mass and heat flux ranging from 19 to 114 kg m−2s−1 and from 13.3 to 156.6 kW m−2 respectively for both the microchannels. It was observed that the flow in the diverging microchannel is more stable and has a 13% higher heat transfer coefficient value compared to the straight microchannel under similar conditions. Further, a 3D numerical study was carried out to corroborate and elaborate on the results. The heat transfer, flow characteristics, and bubble pattern results show an excellent agreement with experimental results. This work has significant relevance in designing flexible microchannel heat sinks.
Geometry of the energy input of a shockwave generated by a nanosecond laser-induced breakdown
Authors: Rudz Steve , Shetty Prathika Prathap , Hanus Jean-Luc , Pellerin Stéphane , Bauchire Jean-Marc , Wartel Maxime 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The spatio-temporal evolution of the shock wave generated by a laser induced breakdown is often investigated and interpreted in the framework of the theory of shock similarity solutions. This work is a discussion about the choice of the most relevant geometry (spherical or cylindrical) to be used in the Jones modelling to track the intermediate-strength shockwave trajectory coming from a laser-induced non-resonant breakdown in argon. Laser incident energies ranging from 10 to 200 mJ with initial pressure of argon from 250 to 2500 mbar are investigated using a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser operating at a wavelength of 532 nm with a 6 ns pulse duration. Experimental results show that using the radial component

r
b

of the ellipsoidal shape of the shockwave with a cylindrical geometry best describes the shockwave trajectory over time. Moreover, the deduced characteristic length

r
0

allows us to observe a shockwave shape similarity for all tested laser energies at a given pressure.
Opportunities and challenges for DNA in atomic and close-to-atomic scale manufacturing
Authors: Cai Zhuang , Yang Bei , Gao Rui , Liu Huajie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The revolutionary products obtained from atomic and close-to-atomic scale manufacturing (ACSM) has motivated people to conduct more in-depth research. There is a pressing need to surpass the constraints of current technology and achieve precise construction at the atomic scale. The emergence of DNA nanotechnology has enabled DNA to serve as a template for precisely localizing functional components. These advantages of DNA in bottom-up manufacturing give it great potential in ACSM. From this perspective, we review the ability of DNA to accurately build complex structures and discuss its application and prospects in precise atomic manipulation. Finally, opportunities and challenges for DNA in ACSM are systematically summarized.
The INFN proton computed tomography system for relative stopping power measurements: calibration and verification
Authors: Scaringella Monica , Bruzzi Mara , Farace Paolo , Fogazzi Elena , Righetto Roberto , Rit Simon , Tommasino Francesco , Verroi Enrico , Civinini Carlo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective. This paper describes the procedure to calibrate the three-dimensional (3D) proton stopping power relative to water (SPR) maps measured by the proton computed tomography (pCT) apparatus of the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN, Italy). Measurements performed on water phantoms are used to validate the method. The calibration allowed for achieving measurement accuracy and reproducibility to levels below 1%. Approach. The INFN pCT system is made of a silicon tracker for proton trajectory determination followed by a YAG:Ce calorimeter for energy measurement. To perform the calibration, the apparatus has been exposed to protons of energies ranging from 83 to 210 MeV. Using the tracker, a position-dependent calibration has been implemented to keep the energy response uniform across the calorimeter. Moreover, correction algorithms have been developed to reconstruct the proton energy when this is shared in more than one crystal and to consider the energy loss in the non-uniform apparatus material. To verify the calibration and its reproducibility, water phantoms have been imaged with the pCT system during two data-taking sessions. Main results. The energy resolution of the pCT calorimeter resulted to be

σ

E

E

≅
0.9
%

at 196.5 MeV. The average values of the water SPR in fiducial volumes of the control phantoms have been calculated to be 0.995±0.002. The image non-uniformities were below 1%. No appreciable variation of the SPR and uniformity values between the two data-taking sessions could be identified. Significance. This work demonstrates the accuracy and reproducibility of the calibration of the INFN pCT system at a level below 1%. Moreover, the uniformity of the energy response keeps the image artifacts at a low level even in the presence of calorimeter segmentation and tracker material non-uniformities. The implemented calibration technique allows the INFN-pCT system to face applications where the precision of the SPR 3D maps is of paramount importance.
Advanced repeated structuring and learning procedure to detect acute myocardial ischemia in serial 12-lead ECGs
Authors: Sbrollini Agnese , ter Haar C Cato , Leoni Chiara , Morettini Micaela , Burattini Laura , Swenne Cees A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objectives. Acute myocardial ischemia in the setting of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) may lead to myocardial infarction. Therefore, timely decisions, already in the pre-hospital phase, are crucial to preserving cardiac function as much as possible. Serial electrocardiography, a comparison of the acute electrocardiogram with a previously recorded (reference) ECG of the same patient, aids in identifying ischemia-induced electrocardiographic changes by correcting for interindividual ECG variability. Recently, the combination of deep learning and serial electrocardiography provided promising results in detecting emerging cardiac diseases; thus, the aim of our current study is the application of our novel Advanced Repeated Structuring and Learning Procedure (AdvRS&LP), specifically designed for acute myocardial ischemia detection in the pre-hospital phase by using serial ECG features. Approach. Data belong to the SUBTRACT study, which includes 1425 ECG pairs, 194 (14%) ACS patients, and 1035 (73%) controls. Each ECG pair was characterized by 28 serial features that, with sex and age, constituted the inputs of the AdvRS&LP, an automatic constructive procedure for creating supervised neural networks (NN). We created 100 NNs to compensate for statistical fluctuations due to random data divisions of a limited dataset. We compared the performance of the obtained NNs to a logistic regression (LR) procedure and the Glasgow program (Uni-G) in terms of area-under-the-curve (AUC) of the receiver-operating-characteristic curve, sensitivity (SE), and specificity (SP). Main Results. NNs (median AUC = 83%, median SE = 77%, and median SP = 89%) presented a statistically (P value lower than 0.05) higher testing performance than those presented by LR (median AUC = 80%, median SE = 67%, and median SP = 81%) and by the Uni-G algorithm (median SE = 72% and median SP = 82%). Significance. In conclusion, the positive results underscore the value of serial ECG comparison in ischemia detection, and NNs created by AdvRS&LP seem to be reliable tools in terms of generalization and clinical applicability.
Thermal dynamics of leader decay and reactivation in long air gap discharges
Authors: Huang Yubin , He Hengxin , Liu Lipeng , Ding Yujian , Chen Shen , Wu Yutong , Luo Bin , Cheng Chen , Chen Weijiang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this study, we present a comprehensive investigation of positive leader discharges, with the aim of enhancing our understanding of leader decay and reactivation. Our approach involved a detailed experimental and computational analysis of the phenomena. Specifically, we employed a time-resolved quantitative Schlieren platform, which provided us with high spatial resolution (60.0 μm pixel−1) and short exposure times (0.37 μs frame−1), allowing us to capture the 2D spatial–temporal evolution of gas temperature in positive leaders with a gap length of up to three meters. In addition, we employed a detailed thermal-hydrodynamic model coupled with a comprehensive kinetic scheme, consisting of 28 chemical species and 125 chemical reactions. Our simulations showed good agreement with the measured mean gas temperature and expansion rate of thermal radius. We conducted experiments under the same applied conditions to obtain both stable and decaying leaders. Our results show that once a positive leader starts to decay, the temperature drops below 3000 K. At the same time, both the electric field and conductivity decrease significantly compared to a stable leader. In addition, before the temperature drops below 2000 K and transforms into an aborted leader, a decaying leader might be reactivated.
Influence of interfacial recombination on hysteresis in the J-V curves of TiO2/MAPbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD solar cells
Authors: Wang Yuqiang , Wang Jianping , Lu Shulong , Ji Lian 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this study, the drift-diffusion model incorporating mobile ions is adopted to study the effect of recombination at different interfaces on the hysteresis of the J-V curves in TiO2/MAPbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD solar cells. The simulation results show that the recombination at different interfaces has different effects on the hysteresis, especially the open circuit voltage. The surface recombination at the perovskite/hole transport layer interface has greater effects than that at the perovskite/electron transport layer interface. This is mainly due to the different permittivity of the electron and hole transport layer. Our simulation also investigated the influence of energy alignment of between perovskite and charge transport layer. We find that a better energy alignment can reduce the influence of interface recombination on the hysteresis.
Direct-current-sputtered nickel oxide (NiO) films with improved p-type conduction characteristic: impact of substrate temperature on structure, optical and electrical properties
Authors: Gao Xiaoyong , Meng Xue , Li Binqi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Nickel oxide (NiO) films are direct current sputtered at different substrate temperatures (Tsub) using high sputtering power density and sputtering pressure. The improvement in crystallization of the films with Tsub results in the decrease of concentration of the coexisting Ni vacancies and interstitial O atoms, thereby increasing the hole mobility and resistivity. All the films have an approximate near-violet absorption edge of ca. 3.6 eV. The only difference is the rate of increase of transmittance that is attributed to the tail states produced by the tensile stress. The polycrystalline NiO film with 200 °C Tsub can be used as the hole-transporting layer material of inverse-architecture perovskite solar cells due to the maximum free hole concentration, minimum resistivity and intermediate hole mobility.
Manipulating vortices with a rotating laser beam in Bose–Einstein condensates
Authors: Di Xuefeng , Nie Yu-Hang , Yang Tao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We investigate the influence of a rotating laser beam on the dynamics of a topological vortex excitation in single-component and binary two-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensates loaded in harmonic traps. The vortex dynamics show different characters by considering the relative position of the vortex and the laser beam and the excitations in the condensates with respect to the rotating frequency and the size of the laser beam. We show the dynamic phase diagrams of single-component condensates with radial isotropy and anisotropy and binary condensates with the vortex and the laser beam being in the same component and different components. Interesting dynamical states such as bound-state, free-state, chaotic-state, free-chaotic-state and bound-chaotic-state are identified for different systems within certain parameter regions.
Triple-dip La Niña in 2020–23: understanding the role of the annual cycle in tropical Pacific SST
Authors: Jiang Song , Zhu Congwen , Hu Zeng-Zhen , Jiang Ning , Zheng Fei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The triple-dip La Niña in 2020–23 is characterized by persisting southeasterly wind anomalies over the tropical central and eastern Pacific. Our results show that the wind anomalies are associated with the anomalously negative phase of the first two leading modes of the annual cycle (antisymmetric and symmetric modes about the equator) of sea surface temperature (SST) in the tropical Pacific. The two modes account for 82.2% and 13.5% of the total variance, linking to the seasonal swing of SST between the northern and southern hemispheres and the temporal evolution of El Niño-Southern Oscillation, respectively. During 2020–23, the persistently and anomalously negative phase of the symmetric mode enhances easterly wind over the tropical central Pacific, while the antisymmetric mode strengthens the southeasterly wind over the tropical eastern Pacific. The anomalously negative phase of the antisymmetric mode is associated with the contrast of SST anomalies between the northern and southern hemispheres, which provided a favorable background for the triple-dip La Niña in 2020–23.