bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supportive interventions for carers of men with prostate cancer: systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Winter Natalie , Jongebloed Hannah , Green Anna , Ugalde Anna , Livingston Patricia M 
Published: June 2023

PurposeThe objective of this study was to summarise the literature on current interventions available for carers of men with prostate cancer and analyse the outcomes of these interventions in supporting carers’ needs.MethodsA systematic review was conducted, searching databases MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus and Cochrane, using terms related to prostate cancer, carers and interventions. Randomised controlled trials and non-randomised controlled trials of interventions for informal carers with or without patients were included. Data were analysed using descriptive and frequency statistics; interventions and their impact on carers’ outcomes were reported on narratively. The SwiM guidelines were applied to guide data synthesis.ResultsOverall, 24 articles were included in the review. On average, participants were spouses (92%) and women (97%). Interventions largely rwere delivered face-to-face (42%) or used a combination of face to face and online modalities (38%). Two-thirds (63%) showed a significant improvement in carer’s outcomes including psychological, sexual, physical and relationship/marital. The majority of studies (79%) tailored contents to carers’ circumstances, most within a couples counselling format. Over one-third (42%) of studies focused on a range of supportive care needs, most commonly were psychological (58%), sexual (42%) and informational (25%).ConclusionsInterventions for carers of men with prostate cancer were largely face to face, patient–spouse focused and two-thirds had some measurable impact on carer’s outcomes. Research continues to underserve other patient–carer roles, including non-spousal carers. Interventions delivered solely for carers are required to meet gaps in care, and determine the impact on carer outcomes. Further research and more targeted interventions are needed.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021249870
Effects of Clostridium butyricum on Growth Performance, Intestinal Health, and Disease Resistance of Hybrid Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus
♀
× E. lanceolatus
♂
) Fed with Cottonseed Protein Concentrate (CPC) Replacement of Fishmeal
Authors: Pan Ling , Li Weikang , Xie Ruitao , Liu Hongyu , Tan Beiping , Dong Xiaohui , Yang Qihui , Chi Shuyan , Zhang Shuang 
Published: June 2023

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of C. butyricum on the growth performance, microbiota, immunity response, and disease resistance in hybrid grouper fed with cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) replacement of fishmeal. Six groups of isonitrogenous and isolipid diets were formulated including a positive control group (50% fishmeal, PC), a negative control group (CPC replaced 50% of fishmeal protein, NC), and Clostridium butyricum supplemented with 0.05% (C1,

5
×

10

8

CFU/kg), 0.2% (C2,

2
×

10

9

CFU/kg), 0.8% (C3,

8
×

10

9

CFU/kg), and 3.2% (C4,

3.2
×

10

10

CFU/kg), respectively, to the NC group. The results showed that weight gain rate and specific growth rate were significantly higher in the C4 group than that in the NC group (

P
<
0.05

). After supplementation with C. butyricum, the amylase, lipase, and trypsin activities were significantly higher than the NC group (

P
<
0.05

; except group C1), and the same results were obtained for intestinal morphometry. The intestinal proinflammatory factors were significantly downregulated, and the anti-inflammatory factors were significantly upregulated in the C3 and C4 groups compared with the NC group after supplementation with 0.8%-3.2% C. butyricum (

P
<
0.05

). At the phylum level, the PC, NC, and C4 groups were dominated by the Firmicutes and the Proteobacteria. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Bacillus in the NC group was lower than that in the PC and C4 groups. After supplementation with C. butyricum, grouper in the C4 group showed significantly higher resistance to V. harveyi than the NC group (

P
<
0.05

). Above all, taking into account the effects of immunity and disease resistance, it was recommended to supplement 3.2% C. butyricum in the diet of grouper fed the replacement of 50% fishmeal protein by CPC.
Predicting the Abscopal Effect: Associated Tumor Histologic Subtypes and Biomarkers
Authors: Nelson Blessie Elizabeth , Adashek Jacob J. , Sheth Aakash Akshay , Subbiah Vivek 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Radiotherapy is a pillar of cancer treatment, which has historically been used primarily to treat localized disease with curative intent. With the increasing role of radiotherapy for metastatic disease and rapid integration of immunotherapy into the standard of care for various cancers, it has been observed that local radiation to one malignant site can lead to shrinkage of tumors at other sites, a phenomenon termed the “abscopal effect.” Historically, there was little mechanistic elucidation as to how this phenomenon occurs. However, multiple groups have recently identified associated immuno-prognostic factors, such as high post-radiotherapy absolute lymphocyte count, neoantigens, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and NK cells. The concomitant use of immunotherapy with radiotherapy has been documented to induce the abscopal effect. As immunotherapies continue to be incorporated into most cancer treatment approaches, understanding which patients are more likely to benefit from an abscopal effect may allow for optimization of both systemic and radiotherapeutic strategies. This review highlights the tumor histologic subtypes and biomarkers of the greatest utility for the recognition and identification of patients likely to benefit from the abscopal effect.
Abstract 18: Cervical Cancer Prevention and Control in the Pacific: A Comprehensive Systems Based Approach in Yap State, Federated States of Micronesia
Authors: Palafox Neal , Edilyong James , Reichhardt Martina 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose: The US Affiliated Pacific Islands, is composed of 3 US Territories (Guam, American Samoa, Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas) and 3 Sovereign Nations (Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), Republic of the Marshall Islands, Republic of Palau. The cervical cancer incidence in several of these island nations are amongst the highest globally. This project is designed to implement a sustainable comprehensive cervical cancer (CC) control program to eliminate CC in the island nations. Yap State, FSM an LMIC is a current project site.
Planning, over 7 years, was through the Cancer Council of the Pacific Islands. Funding is primarily through a CDC Prevention and Control Capacity Building Grant, and other grant funds.
To eliminate cervical cancer in Yap State, FSM through enhanced evidence based public health practices. The primary objective is to increase sustainable capacity to control cervical cancer.
Methods: This non-research project is guided by the principles of community-based participatory development/engagement (CBPE), implementation science, transdisciplinary approach, and capacity building.
The team is composed of 4 working cores, coordinated and led by an implementation core. The 4 cores are 1.) medical protocol and laboratory support 2.) community engagement and outreach 3.) data and informatics 4.) medical modeling and micro-costing. Capacity building through training and infrastructure development is a key component.
Each core works synergistically and interfaces with the Yap Community Advisory Board, which has decision making authority.
Results: Working towards cervical cancer control in a small island LMIC nation, with human resource and health infrastructure limitations, geographic challenges require flexibility and patience. The project processes involve multiple iterations, are culturally/geographically nuanced, and requires constant adjustment to national and international agency and medical regulatory bodies. Strong partnerships with health policy leaders, vaccination programs, clinicians is essential. Modelling projections to understand potential outcomes is necessary.
Conclusions: Cervical Cancer Prevention and Control in Yap State, FSM an LMIC can be done with close and trusting community engagement that is participatory and capacity building. Building strong relationships with local, national, and international programs necessary.
Citation Format: Neal Palafox, James Edilyong, Martina Reichhardt. Cervical Cancer Prevention and Control in the Pacific: A Comprehensive Systems Based Approach in Yap State, Federated States of Micronesia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Closing the Research-to-Implementation Gap; 2023 Apr 4-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 18.
Abstract 2: A Model of Public Health Campaign on the Awareness of Alcohol Flushing and Prevention of Upper Aerodigestive Tract Cancers in East Asia
Authors: Chen Che-Hong , Mochly-Rosen Daria , Hou Su-I 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to share a model of public health campaign on the awareness of alcohol flushing and prevention of upper aerodigestive tract cancers in East Asia. East Asians suffers the highest cancer burden attributable to alcohol use with a particularly high incidences of esophageal cancer and other upper aerodigestive trac (UADT) cancers. Alcohol use and carrying the common East Asian-specific dysfunctional mutation in the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) gene are two major and synergistic risk factors. Alcohol flushing or alcohol intolerance is the better-known manifestation of ALDH2 deficiency following alcohol consumption. Although UADT cancers are highly preventable, there is a lack of awareness and education on alcohol flushing and its associated health risks in East Asian countries and Asian communities in the U.S.
Methods: Several small-scale university-based studies have shown that alcohol flushing education and awareness could reduce alcohol consumption, indicating that a promising model for community-based public health campaign. In Taiwan, we have successfully created such a model by establishing a non-profitable advocacy group (Taiwan Alcohol Intolerance Education Society, TAIES) and collaborate with community leaders, universities, hospitals, volunteers, and government health promotion agencies to educate the public. Educational materials such as fliers, posters, animation videos, interviews were produced and disseminated widely in public exhibitions, conferences, university/community outreach events and via government websites and news/social media.
Results: An interview with a popular social media influencer reached more than 500,000 viewers within one week. A national “Taiwan No Alcohol Day” on May 9th (59 =無酒, a homophone in Chinese) was also launched to raise awareness since 2019. ‘No Alcohol Day’ received endorsements from the government and more than 150 organizations. A pilot study to incorporate ALDH2 genetic test and education in oral cancer prevention program in Taiwan has been initiated.
Conclusion: Our public health campaign model demonstrated wide reach and strong community and government support. Similar public health campaign on alcohol flushing and cancer risk should also be translated and disseminated in other East Asian countries and to the nearly 19 million Asian Americans in the U.S.
Citation Format: Che-Hong Chen, Daria Mochly-Rosen, Su-I Hou. A Model of Public Health Campaign on the Awareness of Alcohol Flushing and Prevention of Upper Aerodigestive Tract Cancers in East Asia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Closing the Research-to-Implementation Gap; 2023 Apr 4-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 2.
Abstract 29: Detection of Protein Kinase C Isoenzymes in Patients at Risk of Schistosoma Haematobium Induced Bladder Cancer
Authors: Abdulsalam Zanna , Inuwa Adamu , Zailani Sambo Bello 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose: The Detection of Protein Kinase C Isoenzymes in Patients at risk of Schistosoma haematobium induced Bladder Cancer attending University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital (UMTH) was carried out. The study comprised of fifty six (56) patients aged ten to fifty six (10-56) years with clinical features of schistosomiasis and confirmed for the presence of S .haematobium eggs in urine samples.
Methods: Twenty milliliters (20ml) of urine was centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 10 min to obtain the sediment. The supernatants were then discarded and the sediment (pellet) re-suspended for S. haematobium. A drop of the sediment were transferred to a glass slide, covered with a cover slip and examined using × 40 objective lens. The urine samples were observed for red blood cells and deposits that might contain proteins. The extraction of total urine template RNA was carried out according to Bioneer Specification and protocol; fifty six (56) of the S. haematobium samples of the patients were used. AccuPrep® Universal RNA Extraction Kit (K-3141) from Bioneer Corporation was used and one page protocol was followed for RNA Extraction. Pre- Denaturation was done for 5min at 94oC, Denaturation for 30sec at 94oC, Annealing for 30sec at 52oC, Extension for 1min at 72oC 35 cycles, Final extension for 5min at 72oC.
Results: Result was run on 2% agarose gel. The study was able to investigate and detect the putative involvement of different PKC isoforms (alpha, beta, and delta) in patient with risk of schistosoma related bladder cancer. Out of the fifty six (56) Multiplex PCR Amplification of PKC Alpha, PKC Beta and PKC Delta from cDNA of extracted RNA template of S. haematobium infected urine sample investigated, only twenty seven (27) showed detection base pairs predicted size from Lane 1-9; of which PKC Alpha (325bp) has two (2) lane; PKC Beta (490bp) has seven (7) lane; and PKC Delta (404bp) has eighteen (18) lane of predicted base pair according to the cDNA size marker, some empty-zero (0) bands lanes and Unpredicted base pair band size were also seen.
Conclusion: The major findings in the present study were the detection of PKC isoenzymes base pairs (band) which indicated the risk level of schistoma induced bladder cancer and stages of the patients using the analysis that proves Isoenzymes are detected by electrophoresis. Snail control, sanitation, avoid contacts with bullinus species and focus on early detection and diagnosis of patients infected with S. haematobium.
Citation Format: Zanna Abdulsalam, Adamu Inuwa, Sambo Bello Zailani. Detection of Protein Kinase C Isoenzymes in Patients at Risk of Schistosoma Haematobium Induced Bladder Cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Closing the Research-to-Implementation Gap; 2023 Apr 4-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 29.
Abstract 46: Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination and Its Determinants Among Adolescent Girls Aged 14 Years Old in Hai District of Kilimanjaro Region in Northern Tanzania
Authors: Josephat Jojet 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccination is a key primary prevention method against cervical cancer which is given to young girls before onset of sexual activity. In Tanzania, cervical cancer is the most frequent occurring cancer among women and is the leading cause of cancer mortality. The HPV Vaccination program was rolled-out in Tanzania in 2018 for adolescent girls aged 9-14 years old to receive two doses at a six months interval, with the annual vaccine uptake of 46.1%. In 2019, the uptake of the HPV vaccine was 64%, where as the national coverage target is 75%. This study is aimed at assessing the determinants of HPV vaccination among adolescent girls in Hai district, Kilimanjaro region, northern Tanzania.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between July and August 2020 among 14 years old girls in selected secondary schools within Hai district. Close ended questionnaire interviews were conducted to the girls on the study. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20 and odds ratio was used to assess the association between several factors and HPV vaccination.
Results: A total of 301 adolescent girls aged 14 years consented to the study. HPV vaccination uptake was 65% (196). More than three fifth (60.7%, 119) reported to have received the two required doses. Knowledge of HPV (OR = 5.68 95% CI (0.72- 44.96); p-value = 0.01) and HPV vaccine (OR = 20.11 95% CI (10.88- 37.99); p-value = 0.01) contributed significantly to HPV vaccine uptake among the adolescent girls in the study. More than one-third (34.9%, 105) of the participants were not vaccinated, main reasons adduced for not being vaccinated include lack of proper information about HPV vaccine (60.0%), fear of side effects (14%) and parental refusal (11%).
Conclusion: HPV vaccination is globally accepted as a pivotal primary prevention means against cervical cancer. Emphasizing dissemination of clear and comprehensible information to the society, especially to the adolescent girls, about HPV, cervical cancer and HPV vaccine will significantly increase HPV vaccination among the adolescent girls. Utilizing health care workers and policy makers in providing such education will facilitate its successful implementation.
Citation Format: Jojet Josephat. Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination and Its Determinants Among Adolescent Girls Aged 14 Years Old in Hai District of Kilimanjaro Region in Northern Tanzania [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Closing the Research-to-Implementation Gap; 2023 Apr 4-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 46.
Abstract 60: Low-Income is a Negative Prognostic Factor in Patients With MPNST: An NCDB Analysis
Authors: Kennard Jared , Braaten Marco , Silberstein Peter 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors (MPNST) are a form of soft tissue tumor that forms from the Schwann cell lineage. Previous studies have noted that treatment at income is generally associated with improved survival in cancer patients. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the influence of patient income level on overall survival for patients with MPNST.
Methods: The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was used to identify patients diagnosed with MPNST from 2004 to 2019 using the ICD-O-3 histology code 9540. Median Income Quartiles were identified as assigned by the Commission on Cancer Accreditation program and re-classified into three categorical variables: high (HI= &gt;$46,000) middle (MI =$30,000 – $45,999) and low (LI =&lt;$29,000). Descriptive statistics and Kaplan Meier curves were used to measure survival in these patients and Chi-square analyses were used to evaluate differences in demographics. Data was analyzed using SPSS and statistical significance was set at α = 0.05.
Results: Of the 2222 patients with MPNST queried, 2,023 met selection criteria for Kaplan-Meier analysis. Patients in the high-income bracket experienced the longest median survival (83.6 months) compared to 47 and 37 months for the median- and low-income groups, respectively. A Log-Rank test found the difference in survival by income groups to be statistically significant. A Cox Proportional Hazards Model revealed that increased income was not significantly associated with decreased hazard (death), however being in the lowest income bracket was associated with a 41% increase in the relative risk of death (HR 1.41; 95% CI 1.19-1.67). Low-income patients did not present with more advanced disease, however, they experienced a longer average delay in the onset of treatment and were significantly more likely to be uninsured and of Black or Native American) race.
Conclusion: This retrospective cohort study found that for patients with MPNST, low income was independently associated with inferior survival. These patients were more likely to be a minority race and presented with less insurance coverage. They thus experienced a longer duration between diagnosis and the initiation of therapy compared to patients with higher incomes.
Citation Format: Jared Kennard, Marco Braaten, Peter Silberstein. Low-Income is a Negative Prognostic Factor in Patients With MPNST: An NCDB Analysis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Closing the Research-to-Implementation Gap; 2023 Apr 4-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 60.
Abstract 7: Assessment of Baseline Nutritional Status of Pediatric Cancer Patients Treated in the Pediatric Oncology Unit of Jimma University Medical Center: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Gebremedhin Rediet , Abebe Melku Tsefaye 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Childhood cancer becomes a public health problem in developing countries which aggravates the burden of childhood mortality through infectious diseases and malnutrition. Even though it has been shown that malnutrition affects the clinical outcome, survivability and quality of life of cancer patients, studies are still scarce to explore the magnitude of nutritional status and its determinants among pediatric cancer patients in Ethiopia and the study area in particular. Therefore the purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of malnutrition and its associated factor among pediatrics cancer patients.
Methods: A 1-Year retrospective study was carried out among all patients less than 15 years old admitted between May 2016 to October 2017 to the pediatric oncology unit of Jimma University Medical Center, southwest Ethiopia. Medical charts were reviewed. Sociodemographic and anthropometric measurements were taken. Data were entered into Epidata and analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical package.
Results: A total of eighty-nine pediatrics cancer patients were admitted at Jimma University Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Unit (POHU). From this, thirty-one (34.8%) were ⇐5 years, and 65.2% were between 6 and 15 years with the mean age of 8 years. Majority, forty eight (53.9%) of pediatrics cancer patients were male. Fourty (44.9%) had hematologic malignancy, thirty six (40.4%) had solid tumors and other Malignancies were about thirty (14.6%). eleven (12.4%), nine (10.1%) were moderately and mildly wasted, respectively based on MUAC and WFH. Fourty (44.9%) of the patients were underweight based on BMI and WFA and twenty (22.5%) were stunted based on HFA. From the total of 27 SAM patients, sixteen (18.0%) were non edematous type of malnutrition, six (6.7%) were edematous types of malnutrition and five (5.6%) were Marasmic kwashakor.
Conclusion: considerable cases of malnutrition were observed among the study population. Therefore Further studies are required to examine the effect of malnutrition on patient prognosis and its effect over the various cancer medications. Strengthening the pediatric oncology unit to identify malnourished children on admission, providing nutritional supplements and identifying and treating infection that could result in malnutrition, early intervention of cancer and creating awareness about malnutrition for the parents could minimize the burden and improve survival of cancer patients.
Citation Format: Rediet Gebremedhin, Melku Tsefaye Abebe. Assessment of Baseline Nutritional Status of Pediatric Cancer Patients Treated in the Pediatric Oncology Unit of Jimma University Medical Center: A Cross-Sectional Study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Closing the Research-to-Implementation Gap; 2023 Apr 4-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 7.