bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glucose-induced enhanced anti-oxidant activity inhibits apoptosis in goose fatty liver
Authors: Sun Qingyun , Dai Erpeng , Chen Meng , Zhang Jinqi , Mu Ji’an , Liu Long , Geng Tuoyu , Gong Daoqing , Zhang Yanjun , Zhao Minmeng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe development of mammalian nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with oxidative stress, reduced mitochondrial function, and increased apoptosis in hepatocytes; however, the expressions of mitochondria-related genes are elevated in goose fatty liver, suggesting that there may be a unique protective mechanism in goose fatty liver. The aim of the study was to investigate this protective mechanism in terms of anti-oxidant capacity. Our data showed no substantial differences in the mRNA expression levels of the apoptosis-related genes including B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), BCL2-associated X (Bax), cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3), and cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-9 (Caspase-9) in the livers of the control and overfeeding Lander geese groups. The protein expression levels of Caspase-3 and cleaved Caspase-9 were not markedly different between the groups. Compared with the control group, malondialdehyde content was significantly lower (P &lt; 0.01), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, glutathione (GSH) content, and mitochondrial membrane potential levels were higher (P &lt; 0.01) in the overfeeding group. The mRNA expression levels of the anti-oxidant genes superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), and glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPX2) were increased in goose primary hepatocytes after 40 mM and 60 mM glucose treatment. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were significantly reduced (P &lt; 0.01), whereas the mitochondrial membrane potential was maintained at normal levels. The mRNA expression levels of the apoptosis-related genes Bcl-2, Bax, and Caspase-3 were not substantial. There were no significant differences in the expression levels of Caspase-3 and cleaved Caspase-9 proteins. In conclusion, glucose-induced enhanced anti-oxidant capacity may help protect the function of mitochondria and inhibit the occurrence of apoptosis in goose fatty liver.
Critical Market Tipping Points for High-Grade White Oak Inventory Decline in the Central Hardwood Region of the United States
Authors: Dhungel Gaurav , Rossi David , Henderson Jesse D , Abt Robert C , Sheffield Ray , Baker Justin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study expands the spatial scope of the Subregional Timber Supply (SRTS) model to include states in the central hardwood region and examine critical market tipping points of high-grade (large diameter) white oak under a set of illustrative scheduled demand scenarios. In light of the growing concern for future white oak timber supply, we illustrate the sensitivity of future inventory tipping points to market structure and price responsiveness. Particularly, we examined the importance of market demand parameters, including growth rates for product demand and supply/demand elasticities, in influencing future inventory trajectories in different subregions over the projection horizon. Results of this study indicate that more elastic demand and more inelastic supply response concomitantly defers the time before inventory culminates. This modeling framework shows promise in examining key ecological, climatic, and economic interrelationships that will drive future resource changes.
An application of Saddlepoint approximation for period detection of stellar light observations
Authors: Derezea Efthymia , Kume Alfred , Froebrich Dirk 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOne of the main features of interest in analysing the light curves of stars is the underlying periodic behaviour. The corresponding observations are a complex type of time series with unequally spaced time points. The main tools for analysing these type of data rely on the periodogram-like functions constructed with a desired feature so that the peaks indicate the presence of a potential period. We explore a particular periodogram for the irregularly observed time series. We identify the potential periods by implementing the saddlepoint approximation, as a faster and more accurate alternative to the simulation based methods that are currently used. The power analysis of the testing methodology is reported together with applications using light curves from the Hunting Outbursting Young Stars citizen science project.
The Power of Cooperation: A Quantitative Analysis of the Benefit of Civilian Partnerships on the Academic Output of Military Surgeons
Authors: Fannon Elise E H , Learn Peter A , Horton John D , Latham Kerry P , Valerio Ian L 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Military–civilian partnerships are crucial to maintaining the skills of active duty surgeons and sustaining readiness. There have been no publications to date that report the quantitative effect of these partnerships on academic research. To address this question, the Hirsch indices (H-indices) of active duty surgeons with a civilian affiliation (CA) were compared to those without. As a secondary outcome, H-indices of military surgeons with and without an appointment to the Uniformed Services University (USU) were similarly compared. We hypothesized that military surgeons with a CA would have a higher H-index as compared to those without.

Materials and Methods
Rosters of active duty military surgeons were obtained confidentially through each branch consultant. H-indices were found on Scopus. Graduation dates and hospital affiliations were identified via public Doximity, LinkedIn profiles, and hospital biographies. Rosters were cross-referenced with USU appointments. Stata software was used for final analysis.

Results
Military surgeons without a civilian association have a median H-index of 2 versus 3 in those with such an affiliation (P = .0002). This pattern is also seen in average number of publications, at 3 and 5 articles (P &lt; .0001). When further stratified by branch, Air Force surgeons have median H-indices of 2.5 and 1 with and without a CA, respectively (P = .0007). The Army surgeons follow a similar pattern, with median H-indices of 5 and 3 for those with and without affiliations, respectively (P = .0021). This significance does not hold in the Naval subgroup. Similar results are found for the secondary outcome of USU appointment, with median H-indices of 3 and 2 in those with and without CAs, respectively (P &lt; .0001). In the multivariable negative binomial regression model, both CA and USU appointment significantly increased H-index in the overall cohort, with incidence rate ratios of 1.32 (95% CI = 1.08, 1.61) and 1.56 (95% CI = 1.28, 1.91), respectively.

Conclusion
This article provides objective evidence that there is a benefit to military–civilian partnerships on the academic output of military surgeons. These relationships should continue to be fostered and expanded.
A shared ‘vulnerability code’ underpins varying sources of DNA damage throughout paternal germline transmission in mouse
Authors: Burden Frances , Ellis Peter J I , Farré Marta 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDuring mammalian spermatogenesis, the paternal genome is extensively remodelled via replacement of histones with protamines forming the highly compact mature sperm nucleus. Compaction occurs in post-meiotic spermatids and is accompanied by extensive double strand break (DSB) formation. We investigate the epigenomic and genomic context of mouse spermatid DSBs, identifying primary sequence motifs, secondary DNA structures and chromatin contexts associated with this damage. Consistent with previously published results we find spermatid DSBs positively associated with short tandem repeats and LINE elements. We further show spermatid DSBs preferentially occur in association with (CA)n, (NA)n and (RY)n repeats, in predicted Z-DNA, are not associated with G-quadruplexes, are preferentially found in regions of low histone mark coverage and engage the remodelling/NHEJ factor BRD4. Locations incurring DSBs in spermatids also show distinct epigenetic profiles throughout later developmental stages: regions retaining histones in mature sperm, regions susceptible to oxidative damage in mature sperm, and fragile two-cell like embryonic stem cell regions bound by ZSCAN4 all co-localise with spermatid DSBs and with each other. Our results point to a common ‘vulnerability code’ unifying several types of DNA damage occurring on the paternal genome during reproduction, potentially underpinned by torsional changes during sperm chromatin remodelling.
Toward the unknown: consciousness and pain
Authors: Ambron Richard 
Published: February 2023

AbstractStudies of consciousness are hindered by the complexity of the brain, but it is possible to study the consciousness of a sensation, namely pain. Three systems are necessary to experience pain: the somatosensory system conveys information about an injury to the thalamus where an awareness of the injury but not the painfulness emerges. The thalamus distributes the information to the affective system, which modulates the intensity of the pain, and to the cognitive system that imparts attention to the pain. Imaging of patients in pain and those experiencing placebo and hypnosis-induced analgesia shows that two essential cortical circuits for pain and attention are located within the anterior cingulate cortex. The circuits are activated when a high-frequency input results in the development of a long-term potentiation (LTP) at synapses on the apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons. The LTP acts via α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, and an anterior cingulate cortex–specific type-1 adenylate cyclase is necessary for both the LTP and the pain. The apical dendrites form an extensive network such that the input from serious injuries results in the emergence of a local field potential. Using mouse models, I propose experiments designed to test the hypothesis that the local field potential is necessary and sufficient for the consciousness of pain.
Nivolumab with or without ipilimumab in pediatric patients with high-grade CNS malignancies: Safety, efficacy, biomarker, and pharmacokinetics—CheckMate 908
Authors: Dunkel Ira J , Doz François , Foreman Nicholas K , Hargrave Darren , Lassaletta Alvaro , André Nicolas , Hansford Jordan R , Hassall Tim , Eyrich Matthias , Gururangan Sridharan , Bartels Ute , Gajjar Amar , Howell Lisa , Warad Deepti , Pacius Misena , Tam Rachel , Wang Yu , Zhu Li , Cohen Kenneth 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Therapeutic options are limited in pediatric CNS malignancies. CheckMate 908 (NCT03130959) is an open-label, sequential-arm, phase 1b/2 study investigating nivolumab (NIVO) and NIVO + ipilimumab (IPI) in pediatric patients with high-grade CNS malignancies.

Methods
Patients (N = 166) in 5 cohorts received NIVO 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks (Q2W) or NIVO 3 mg/kg + IPI 1 mg/kg every 3 weeks (4 doses) followed by NIVO 3 mg/kg Q2W. Primary endpoints included overall survival (OS; newly diagnosed diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma [DIPG]) and progression-free survival (PFS; other recurrent/progressive or relapsed/resistant CNS cohorts). Secondary endpoints included other efficacy metrics and safety. Exploratory endpoints included pharmacokinetics and biomarker analyses.

Results
As of January 13, 2021, median OS (80% CI) was 11.7 (10.3–16.5) and 10.8 (9.1–15.8) months with NIVO and NIVO + IPI, respectively, in newly diagnosed DIPG. Median PFS (80% CI) with NIVO and NIVO + IPI was 1.7 (1.4–2.7) and 1.3 (1.2–1.5) months, respectively, in recurrent/progressive high-grade glioma; 1.4 (1.2–1.4) and 2.8 (1.5–4.5) months in relapsed/resistant medulloblastoma; and 1.4 (1.4–2.6) and 4.6 (1.4–5.4) months in relapsed/resistant ependymoma. In patients with other recurrent/progressive CNS tumors, median PFS (95% CI) was 1.2 (1.1–1.3) and 1.6 (1.3–3.5) months, respectively. Grade 3/4 treatment-related adverse-event rates were 14.1% (NIVO) and 27.2% (NIVO + IPI). NIVO and IPI first-dose trough concentrations were lower in youngest and lowest-weight patients. Baseline tumor programmed death ligand 1 expression was not associated with survival.

Conclusions
NIVO ± IPI did not demonstrate clinical benefit relative to historical data. The overall safety profiles were manageable with no new safety signals.
Molecular changes underlying decay of sensory responses and enhanced seizure propensity in peritumoral neurons
Authors: Tantillo Elena , Scalera Marta , De Santis Elisa , Meneghetti Nicolò , Cerri Chiara , Menicagli Michele , Mazzoni Alberto , Costa Mario , Mazzanti Chiara Maria , Vannini Eleonora , Caleo Matteo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Glioblastoma growth impacts on the structure and physiology of peritumoral neuronal networks, altering the activity of pyramidal neurons which drives further tumor progression. It is therefore of paramount importance to identify glioma-induced changes in pyramidal neurons, since they represent a key therapeutic target.

Methods
We longitudinal monitored visual evoked potentials after the orthotopic implant of murine glioma cells into the mouse occipital cortex. With laser microdissection, we analyzed layer II-III pyramidal neurons molecular profile and with local field potentials recordings we evaluated the propensity to seizures in glioma-bearing animals with respect to control mice.

Results
We determine the time course of neuronal dysfunction of glioma-bearing mice and we identify a symptomatic stage, based on the decay of visual response. At that time point, we microdissect layer II-III pyramidal neurons and evaluate the expression of a panel of genes involved in synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability. Compared to the control group, peritumoral neurons show a decrease in the expression of the SNARE complex gene SNAP25 and the alpha1 subunit of the GABA-A receptor. No significant changes are detected in glutamatergic (ie, AMPA or NMDA receptor subunit) markers. Further reduction of GABA-A signaling by delivery of a benzodiazepine inverse agonist, DMCM (methyl-6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate) precipitates seizures in 2 mouse models of tumor-bearing mice.

Conclusions
These studies reveal novel molecular changes that occur in the principal cells of the tumor-adjacent zone. These modifications may be therapeutically targeted to ameliorate patients’ quality of life.
Ming Poetry 1522–1644: New Literary Traditions
Authors: Lin Tsung-Cheng 
Published: February 2023

From the foundation of the Ming dynasty until the early sixteenth century, archaism, and its emphasis on the supremacy of Tang poetry, dominated poetic thought. As time passed, however, literati were increasingly confronted by the question of how to modernize Ming literature. While the literati strived toward contemporaneity, Wang Yangming’s 王阳明 (b. 1472–d. 1529) xinxue心学 (Philosophy of Mind) emerged as the leading mode of thought in opposition to archaism. Xinxue, stressing the importance of “mind” over “learning” and emphasizing the importance of contemporaneity and spontaneity, strongly resonated with the literati’s concerns. Due to its consistency with xinxue thought, xingling性灵 (native sensibility) poetics began to attract special attention in literary circles. The early sixteenth century was an important age for Chinese vernacular literature. During this period, public literacy reached a new historic high and was accompanied by significant development in the publishing industries. Consequently, vernacular literature, particularly drama and fiction, grew in popularity, drawing a large readership and attracting a considerable number of poets to the two genres. In response to the flourishing vernacular literature, Ming poets began to adopt popular literary devices and subjects as part of their project of modernization. By incorporating the devices of popular literature into poetry, Ming poets promoted considerable dialogue between poetry and other literary genres, which significantly influenced the poetic transition following 1522. Just as xinxue and xingling poetics were prevailing among literati circles, the archaist Later Seven Masters became the leading school of poetics. Shortly after their archaism became mainstream, however, a robust anti-archaist movement commenced. This literary movement was initiated by Xu Wei 徐渭 (b. 1521–d. 1593), Li Zhi 李贽 (b. 1527–d. 1602), and Tang Xianzu 汤显祖 (b. 1550–d. 1616), who were succeeded by the Gongan 公安and Jingling 竟陵 schools. During this stage, xingling poetics developed substantially and laid the foundation for further literary development in later centuries. During the final two decades of the Ming dynasty, after xingling poetics had prevailed in literati circles for some time, a new popular archaist movement headed by Chen Zilong 陈子龙 (b. 1608–d. 1647) rose to preeminence. This final rise of archaism not only opposed xingling poetics, but also asserted the urgency of promoting traditional cultural identity. Restating the importance of the past allowed poets to sustain their cultural identity in the face of distressing political crises, particularly the imminent Manchu military invasion, and the cultural threat that these entailed.
A Mineralogical Model for Thermal Transport Properties of Rocks: Verification for Low-Porosity, Crystalline Rocks at Ambient Conditions
Authors: Merriman Jesse D , Whittington Alan G , Hofmeister Anne M 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThermal conductivity (K) describes the response of matter to temporal or spatial variations in temperature (T). To quantify the effect of varying mineralogy on heat transport of rocks, an accurate (±2%) contact-free heat transfer method was applied at ambient T to multiple sections from 33 different low porosity, continental, igneous and metamorphic rocks. Thermal diffusivity (Dheat) was measured using laser-flash analysis, which was previously used to construct our large mineralogical database and which mitigates spurious radiative transfer found in other techniques. These measurements constrain K, because K is the product of Dheat with the known (or calculable) properties of density and specific heat measured at constant pressure (P). Compositions, proportions, and orientations of minerals, plus rock density, average grain-size (L), and porosity were characterized for 61 sections from 29 silicate rocks plus 5 sections from 3 marbles. Our database was used to evaluate component summation (averaging) formulae that were recently developed by considering Fourier’s laws, and to quantify the dependence of K and/or Dheat on key rock descriptors. We found that: (1) phase proportions and compositions are the main cause of variations; (2) minor porosity and foliation have minor effects; and (3) within ~5%, isotropic rocks follow Dheat = ½{[Σ(fi/Di)]−1 + Σ(fiDi)} where fi is volumetric mineral fraction, analogous to the Voigt-Reuss-Hill average for elastic moduli. Using this formula predictively depends on the accuracy of fi and Di. Quartzo-feldspathic rocks can be described by a new formula that uses only quartz fraction and plagioclase composition. Combining our mineralogical model with a universal formula for Dheat(T) and a thermodynamic identity for K(P) accurately constrains conductive thermal transport for Earth’s low porosity, crystalline rock layers.
Refocusing Frege’s Other Puzzle: A Response to Snyder, Samuels, and Shapiro
Authors: Hofweber Thomas 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In their recent article ‘Resolving Frege’s other Puzzle’ Eric Snyder, Richard Samuels, and Stewart Shapiro defend a semantic type-shifting solution to Frege’s other Puzzle and criticize my own cognitive type-shifting solution. In this article I respond to their criticism and in turn point to several problems with their preferred solution. In particular, I argue that they conflate semantic function and semantic value, and that their proposal is neither based on general semantic type-shifting principles nor adequate to the data.
Scales of justice. Large dams and water rights in the Tigris–Euphrates basin
Authors: Tinti Alessandro 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The paper explores the politics of scale associated with the top-down planning of large hydraulic infrastructures in the Tigris–Euphrates basin. Against the backdrop of a worsening water crisis and the lack of cooperation between riparian countries, dams and reservoirs across the transboundary river system are sites of contestation between competing claims over dwindling and disputed resources. Drawing on post-structuralist insights from human geography on the politics of scale and the literature on megaprojects, it is argued here that hydraulic infrastructures are materially and discursively implicated in the construction of waterscapes at different scales to sustain broader political imaginaries. Based on ethnographic fieldwork and with a focus on the autonomous Region of Kurdistan in Iraq, the analysis juxtaposes the narratives deployed by state- and non-state actors to support or counter the development of additional dams. While, on the one hand, the Kurdistan Regional Government portrays hydraulic infrastructures as a vital source of security and well-being within the overarching nationalist narrative of Kurdish self-determination, on the other hand, transnational civil society groups under the umbrella of the Save the Tigris and Iraqi Marshes Campaign have mobilized against the adverse impact of megaprojects and appealed to the common Mesopotamian heritage in order to de-escalate political tensions within the transboundary river basin. In both cases, hydraulic infrastructures provide a framework for political action to secure recognition of rights and assert the appropriate scale of governance. Furthermore, bottom-up resistance is accompanied by the promotion of a participatory and inclusive approach to shared waters. From this perspective, the spatial politics of megaprojects intersect with issues of identity, equity, and sustainability.
Singular quiver varieties over extended Dynkin quivers
Authors: Helle Gard Olav 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We classify the singularities in the unframed Nakajima quiver varieties associated with extended Dynkin quivers and the corresponding minimal imaginary root with a small restriction on the parameters and use this to construct a number of hyper-Kähler cobordisms between binary polyhedral spaces.
Risk Classification in Insurance Markets with Risk and Preference Heterogeneity
Authors: Farinha Luz Vitor , Gottardi Piero , Moreira Humberto 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper studies a competitive model of insurance markets in which consumers are privately informed about their risk and risk preferences. We provide a characterization of the equilibria, which depend non-trivially on consumers’ type distribution, a desirable feature for policy analysis. The use of consumer characteristics for risk classification is modeled as the disclosure of a public informative signal. A novel property of signals, monotonicity, is shown to be necessary and sufficient for their release to be welfare improving for almost all consumer types. We also study the effect of changes to the risk distribution in the population as the result of demographic changes or policy interventions. We show that an increase in the risk distribution, according to the monotone likelihood ratio ordering of distribution, leads to lower utility for almost all consumer types. In contrast, the effect is ambiguous when considering the first-order stochastic dominance ordering.