bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atrial fibrillation in UK South Asian hospitalized ischemic stroke patients: The BRAINS study
Authors: Aurelius Taylor , Ken-Dror Gie , Sharma Sapna D. , Amlani Sageet , Gunathilagan Gunaratnam , Cohen David L. , Rajkumar Chakravarthi , Maguire Stuart , Ispoglou Sissi , Balogun Ibrahim , Parry Anthea , Sekaran Lakshmanan , Syed Hafiz , Lawrence Enas , Singh Ravneeta , Hassan Ahamad , Wharton Chris , Javaid Khalid , Goorah Neetish , Carr Peter , Abdus Sami Eman , Sharma Pankaj 
Published: February 2023

Introduction
South Asian diaspora comprise one of the largest ethnic minority groups in the world yet data about atrial fibrillation (AF) in this demographic is understudied. Our aim is to identify differences in AF prevalence and treatment between South Asians and white British stroke patients.

Method
The UK arm of a prospective ongoing large international repository on stroke was analysed. Ethnic differences in AF prevalence and management in those with ischemic stroke were analysed.

Results
Of the 3515 individuals recruited with ischemic stroke, 1482 (men: 972, women: 510) were South Asian and 2033 (men:1141, women:892) of white British ethnicity. AF was present in 462 white British and 193 South Asians stroke patients, with South Asians displaying a lower prevalence of AF (South Asians: 13.0% vs white British 22.7%, P<0.001). Despite adjustment for traditional AF risk factors, South Asians had a significantly lower OR of AF compared to white British stroke patients (OR: 0.40, 95%CI: 0.33:0.49, P<0.001). Among confirmed AF cases, 31.8% of South Asians and 41.4% of white British were untreated at admission (P = 0.02). Antiplatelet treatment was significantly higher among South Asians at both admission (South Asian: 47.4% vs. white British: 29.9%, P<0.001) and discharge (South Asian: 49.5% vs. white British: 34.7%, P = 0.001), although anticoagulation treatment was similar across both ethnic groups at admission (South Asian: 28.5% vs white British: 28.1%, P = 0.93), and discharge (South Asian: 45.1% vs white British: 43.1%, P = 0.64).

Conclusion
Stroke patients of South Asian descent are at significantly lower risk of AF but more likely to be on antiplatelet treatment compared to their white British counterparts.
The effects of microbiome-targeted therapy on cognitive impairment and postoperative cognitive dysfunction—A systematic review
Authors: Sugita Saiko , Tahir Peggy , Kinjo Sakura 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundThe gut-brain axis involves bidirectional communication between the gut-microbiota and central nervous system. This study aimed to investigate whether probiotics and/or prebiotics, known as Microbiome-targeted Therapies (MTTs), improve cognition and prevent postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD).MethodsRelevant animal and human studies were identified using a systematic database search (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science), focusing on the effects of MTTs on inflammation, perioperative and non-perioperative cognitive impairment. Screening and data extraction were conducted by two independent reviewers. The Risk of bias was assessed using the SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool for animal studies. The revised Cochrane risk of bias tool (RoB 2) was used for human studies.ResultsA total of 24 articles were selected; 16 of these involved animal studies, and 8 described studies in humans. In these papers, the use of MTTs consistently resulted in decreased inflammation in perioperative and non-perioperative settings. Out of 16 animal studies, 5 studies (2 associated with delirium and 3 studies related to POCD) were conducted in a perioperative setting. MTTs improved perioperative cognitive behavior and reduced inflammation in all 5 animal studies. Eleven animal studies were conducted in a non-perioperative setting. In all of these studies, MTTs showed improvement in learning and memory function. MTTs showed a positive effect on levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and biomarkers related to cognitive function. Among the 8 human studies, only one study examined the effects of perioperative MTTs on cognitive function. This study showed a reduced incidence of POCD along with improved cognitive function. Of the remaining 7 studies, 6 suggested that MTTs improved behavioral test results and cognition in non-perioperative environments. One study failed to show any significant differences in memory, biomarkers of inflammation, or oxidative factors.ConclusionIn the studies we examined, most showed that MTTs decrease inflammation by down-regulating inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in both perioperative and non-perioperative settings. In general, MTTs also seem to have a positive effect on cognition through neural, immune, endocrine, and metabolic pathways. However, these effects have not yet resulted in a consensus regarding preventative strategies or treatments. Based on these current research results, MTTs could be a potential new preventative strategy for cognitive impairment after surgery.
Pretreatment with antibiotics is associated with reduced therapeutic response to atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Maesaka Kazuki , Sakamori Ryotaro , Yamada Ryoko , Doi Akira , Tahata Yuki , Ohkawa Kazuyoshi , Oshita Masahide , Miyazaki Masanori , Yakushijin Takayuki , Nozaki Yasutoshi , Matsumoto Kengo , Tanaka Satoshi , Kaneko Akira , Iio Sadaharu , Nawa Takatoshi , Yamada Yukinori , Morishita Naoki , Usui Takeo , Hiramatsu Naoki , Doi Yoshinori , Sakakibara Mitsuru , Imanaka Kazuho , Yoshida Yuichi , Kodama Takahiro , Hikita Hayato , Tatsumi Tomohide , Takehara Tetsuo 
Published: February 2023

Aim
Alterations in microbial composition of gut microbiota due to antibiotics (ATB) may lead to resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). This study aimed to assess the impact of ATB use on therapeutic response in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) receiving atezolizumab plus bevacizumab.

Methods
This study retrospectively analyzed 105 patients with HCC treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab as a primary systemic therapy from prospectively-registered, multicenter, cohorts. Nineteen patients who received prior ATB were included in the ATB (+) group; 86 patients who did not receive prior ATB were included in the ATB (-) group. The therapeutic outcomes were compared between the two groups.

Results
Most of the patients’ baseline characteristics were not significantly different between the two groups. The objective response rates according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 (RECIST v1.1) (30.1% vs. 11.1%; p = 0.143) and modified RECIST (mRECIST) (44.6% vs. 27.8%; p = 0.190) were not significantly different between the ATB (-) and ATB (+) groups. The disease control rates were higher in the ATB (-) group than in the ATB (+) group according to RECIST v1.1 (74.7% vs. 44.4%; p = 0.012) and mRECIST (78.3% vs. 50.0%; p = 0.020). Prior ATB use was found to be independently associated with radiological progressive disease of the first therapeutic assessment. The median progression-free survival according to RECIST v1.1 (9.1 months vs. 3.0 months; p = 0.049) and mRECIST (9.1 months vs. 3.0 months; p = 0.036), and overall survival (not reached vs. 11.4 months; p = 0.015) were longer in the ATB (-) group than in the ATB (+) group.

Conclusions
Prior ATB use was associated with reduced therapeutic responses in patients with HCC receiving atezolizumab plus bevacizumab.
ETHICAL IMPLICATION OF GOD CONCEPT IN JAVANESE PRAYERS
Authors: Sartini Sartini 
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini didasari oleh fenomena ketidakpahaman maksud ritual dan doa yang sering menimbulkan klaim kekafiran sehingga menjadi pemicu konflik di masyarakat. Kebudayaan Jawa yang penuh ritual dan variasi doa menjadi salah satu objek yang menarik untuk dikaji. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi pengertian doa, macam doa Jawa, konsep Tuhan di dalam doa Jawa, dan implikasi etik dari doa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pustaka mengenai konsep yang ada di masyarakat. Untuk mendapatkan hasil penelitian dilakukan pengumpulan sumber bacaan, pembacaan referensi, deskripsi, klasifikasi, analisis dan penyimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa doa merupakan ucapan atau ungkapan keinginan berupa pernyataan eksistensi, pemujaan, permohonan, kepasrahan, kesyukuran dan ungkapan terima kasih kepada Tuhan atau entitas Supranatural. Doa Jawa dibagi dua yaitu doa Slametan dan mantra. Kebanyakan doa Slametan dan doa mantra yang bersifat baik, mengandung unsur nama Tuhan, sebagian lain mengandung unsur Nabi, sahabat Nabi, wali, dan nenek moyang. Hal ini bermakna keyakinan atas kekuasaan Tuhan dan penghormatan kepada para pihak yang berperan dalam hidup. Doa mantra yang cenderung bersifat negatif terindikasi tidak menyebut nama Tuhan dan tokoh kehidupan yang dihormati. Doa Slametan lebih bersifat baik dan komunal, bermuatan etik, mengarahkan pada laku baik. Doa Slametan juga berisi harapan untuk kebaikan diri pendoa dan semua manusia.
Capabilities and skills for manufacturing planning in an automotive use case scenario
Authors: Grimm Stephan , Haselböck Alois , Neidig Jörg , Perry Kevin , Peschke Jörn , Scharm Oliver , Schnittger Jens 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe necessity for increased flexibility in production and handling of high-variant product families is a strong trend in Industry 4.0 scenarios. A promising approach to achieve this is to replace the rigid programming of the manufacturing management systems by a declarative description of machines and their functionality. This allows for a dynamic allocation of tasks to resources. This paper reports the ongoing work on applying the concept of capabilities and skills to an industrial application example in order to investigate its potential benefits. To apply the abstract concept of capabilities and skills to the production scenario it is implemented using specific technologies. These include Semantic Web ontologies, constraint solving methods and OPC UA for skill invocation and communication.
Content removal bias in web scraped data: A solution applied to real estate ads
Authors: Marconi Gabriele 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
I propose a solution to content removal bias in statistics from web scraped data. Content removal bias occurs when data is removed from the web before a scraper is able to collect it. The solution I propose is based on inverse probability weights, derived from the parameters of a survival function with complex forms of data censoring. I apply this solution to the calculation of the proportion of newly built dwellings with web scraped data on Luxembourg, and I run a counterfactual experiment and a Montecarlo simulation to confirm the findings. The results show that the extent of content removal bias is relatively small if the scraping occurs frequently compared with the online permanence of the data; and that it grows larger with less frequent scraping.
Fully Nonparametric Methods for Multivariate Data in Factorial Designs. Asymptotics, Finite Sample Approximations, and Implementation in R
Authors: Kiefel Maximilian , Bathke Arne C. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This article methodologically complements the R package nparMD, and it presents the follow-up to a previous article that had built the foundation for the procedure implemented initially within the package. We consider non-parametric rank-based inference methods for multivariate samples in completely randomized factorial designs. Assumption on the data are minimal: the variables need to be at least ordinal (including binary), and the multivariate observation vectors from different experimental units are assumed independent although there may be dependencies within the vectors. Different endpoints may be measured on different scales. That is, multivariate observation vectors with a count variable, a continuous metric response, and ordinal endpoints, are allowed for.
Two different asymptotic settings are considered: (1) sample sizes are large while the number of factor levels is small and bounded, (2) small samples while the number of factor levels is large. Special attention is paid to deriving inference methods for the interaction effect, as here the variance-covariance matrix does not simplify under the null. In addition, we discuss some finite sample approximations and demonstrate application of the methods using real data from a psychological study on Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), also commonly referred to as Winter depression
A simple PCR-SSP method for detection of HLA-B*15:02, *15:13, and *15:21
Authors: Musa Nurfadhlina , Govindasamy G. Saravana , Hoong Chew Beng , Annuar Aziati Azwari , Mohamed Noor Dzul Azri , Daud Nur Aizati Athirah 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objectives
This study aims to develop a simple polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequence-specific primer method, which will be used to genotype HLA-B*15:02, HLA-B*15:13, and HLA-B*15:21.

Methods
DNA was extracted from whole blood using a commercial DNA extraction kit. New specific primers were designed. The PCR was optimized for reproducibility and specificity. Parameters investigated included concentrations of MgCl2, primers concentration, and annealing temperature, to produce specific bands of interest. Known DNA samples were selected at random and tested using the PCR method.

Results
Simultaneously six duplex PCRs were successfully optimized using 1.0 mM MgCl2 and an annealing temperature of 62 °C. The method was also reproducible and specific. The results from the method showed 100% concordance with known DNA samples.

Conclusions
This study has successfully developed a simple and specific method to simultaneously genotype HLA-B*15:02, HLA-B*15:13, and HLA-B*15:21 using in-house developed PCR-SSP.
Research Data Management and Data Sharing for Reproducible Research—Results of a Community Survey of the German National Research Data Infrastructure Initiative Neuroscience
Authors: Klingner Carsten M. , Denker Michael , Grün Sonja , Hanke Michael , Oeltze-Jafra Steffen , Ohl Frank W. , Radny Janina , Rotter Stefan , Scherberger Hansjörg , Stein Alexandra , Wachtler Thomas , Witte Otto W. , Ritter Petra 
Published: February 2023

AbstractScience is changing: the volume and complexity of data are increasing, the number of studies is growing and the goal of achieving reproducible results requires new solutions for scientific data management. In the field of neuroscience, the German National Research Data Infrastructure (NFDI-Neuro) initiative aims to develop sustainable solutions for research data management (RDM). To obtain an understanding of the present RDM situation in the neuroscience community, NFDI-Neuro conducted a comprehensive survey among the neuroscience community. Here, we report and analyze the results of the survey. We focused the survey and our analysis on current needs, challenges, and opinions about RDM. The German neuroscience community perceives barriers with respect to RDM and data sharing mainly linked to (1) lack of data and metadata standards, (2) lack of community adopted provenance tracking methods, (3) lack of secure and privacy preserving research infrastructure for sensitive data, (4) lack of RDM literacy, and (5) lack of resources (time, personnel, money) for proper RDM. However, an overwhelming majority of community members (91%) indicated that they would be willing to share their data with other researchers and are interested to increase their RDM skills. Taking advantage of this willingness and overcoming the existing barriers requires the systematic development of standards, tools, and infrastructure, the provision of training, education, and support, as well as additional resources for RDM to the research community and a constant dialogue with relevant stakeholders including policy makers to leverage of a culture change through adapted incentivization and regulation.
The Orienting Reflex Reveals Behavioral States Set by Demanding Contexts: Role of the Superior Colliculus
Authors: Zhou Ji , Hormigo Sebastian , Busel Natan , Castro-Alamancos Manuel A. 
Published: February 2023

Sensory stimuli can trigger an orienting reflex (response) by which animals move the head to position their sensors (e.g., eyes, pinna, whiskers). Orienting responses may be important to evaluate stimuli that call for action (e.g., approach, escape, ignore), but little is known about the dynamics of orienting responses in the context of goal-directed actions. Using mice of either sex, we found that, during a signaled avoidance action, the orienting response evoked by the conditioned stimulus (CS) consisted of a fast head movement containing rotational and translational components that varied substantially as a function of the behavioral and underlying brain states of the animal set by different task contingencies. Larger CS-evoked orienting responses were associated with high-intensity auditory stimuli, failures to produce the appropriate signaled action, and behavioral states resulting from uncertain or demanding situations and the animal's ability to cope with them. As a prototypical orienting neural circuit, we confirmed that the superior colliculus controls and codes the direction of spontaneous exploratory orienting movements. In addition, superior colliculus activity correlated with CS-evoked orienting responses, and either its optogenetic inhibition or excitation potentiated CS-evoked orienting responses, which are likely generated downstream in the medulla. CS-evoked orienting responses may be a useful probe to assess behavioral and related brain states, and state-dependent modulation of orienting responses may involve the superior colliculus.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHumans and other animals produce an orienting reflex (also known as orienting response) by which they rapidly orient their head and sensors to evaluate novel or salient stimuli. Spontaneous orienting movements also occur during exploration of the environment in the absence of explicit, salient stimuli. We monitored stimulus-evoked orienting responses in mice performing signaled avoidance behaviors and found that these responses reflect the behavioral state of the animal set by contextual demands and the animal's ability to cope with them. Various experiments involving the superior colliculus revealed a well-established role in spontaneous orienting but only an influencing effect over orienting responses. Stimulus-evoked orienting responses may be a useful probe of behavioral and related brain states.
Childhood Abuse, Intimate Partner Violence in Young Adulthood, and Welfare Receipt by Midlife
Authors: Domond Pascale , Orri Massimiliano , Vergunst Francis , Bouchard Samantha , Findlay Leanne , Kohen Dafna , Hébert Martine , Vitaro Frank , Tremblay Richard E. , Geoffroy Marie-Claude , Côté Sylvana 
Published: February 2023

OBJECTIVE
To investigate prospective associations between type of child abuse (physical, sexual, both), timing (childhood, young adulthood, both), and welfare receipt into middle-age.

METHODS
Database linkage study using the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Kindergarten Children cohort born in 1980 and government administrative databases (N = 3020). We assessed parental tax returns, family and personal background characteristics (1982–1987). At age 22 years, participants answered retrospective questionnaires on experienced childhood abuse (physical, sexual abuse &lt; age 18 years) and intimate partner violence (IPV) (ages 18–22). Main outcome was years on social assistance, on the basis of participant tax returns (ages 23–37 years). Analysis included weights for population representativeness.

RESULTS
Of 1690 participants (54.4% females) with available data, 22.4% reported childhood abuse only, 14.5% IPV only, and 18.5% both. Prevalence of childhood physical, sexual, and both was 20.4%, 12.2%, and 8.3%, respectively. Adjusting for socioeconomic background and individual characteristics, we found that childhood physical abuse alone and physical or sexual abuse combined were associated with a two-fold risk of welfare receipt, as compared to never-abused (adjusted incidence risk ratio 2.43, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.65–3.58; and adjusted incidence risk ratio 2.04, 95% CI, 1.29–3.23, respectively). Repeated abuse (childhood abuse combined with adult IPV) had a three-fold risk (adjusted incidence ratio 3.59, 95% CI, 2.39–5.37).

CONCLUSIONS
Abuse across several developmental periods (childhood and young adulthood) is associated with increased risks of long-term welfare receipt, independently of socioeconomic background. Results indicate a dose-response association. Early prevention and targeted identification are crucial to preventing economic adversity that may potentially lead to intergenerational poverty.
Temporalidades juvenis e impactos do contexto pandêmico
Authors: Koerich Bruna Rossi , Pimenta Melissa de Mattos 
Published: February 2023

Este artigo objetiva refletir sobre os impactos do contexto de pandemia nos modos como jovens experienciam o tempo. Para tanto, partimos de conversas mediadas pelas redes sociais com quatro jovens de diferentes idades, percursos escolares e contextos de vida, todos residentes em Porto Alegre (RS), Brasil. A análise do campo empírico se amparou em autores que vêm se dedicando a compreender diferentes dimensões das temporalidades juvenis, como Carmen Leccardi e José Machado Pais. Foi possível constatar mudanças nas percepções de temporalidade, que puderam ser observadas em duas dimensões: na organização do tempo cotidiano e nas projeções acerca do futuro. Para alguns jovens, o tempo pareceu ter acelerado enquanto para outros, o tempo pareceu mais arrastado e entediante. Além disso, alterações nas trajetórias escolares foram apontadas por alguns jovens como geradoras de mudanças em suas expectativas de futuro.
COMUNIDADES VULNERABLES Y DERECHOS HUMANOS
Authors: Camacho Monge Daniel 
Published: February 2023

La categoría “derechos humanos” no es inmóvil ni definitiva ni es la misma en toda circunstancia de espacio y tiempo. Más que una categoría general, es una dinámica de lucha por la dignidad de personas y grupos según el momento y el lugar. En ese proceso de lucha ha surgido la categoría de comunidades vulnerables para referirse a sectores que, por su subordinación cultural, económica y social están expuestos al desconocimiento e irrespeto de sus derechos y su dignidad.