bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The genome of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) provides insights into its genome evolution and high nutrient content
Authors: Wang Ruyu , Li Wei , He Qiang , Zhang Hongyu , Wang Meijia , Zheng Xinyuan , Liu Ze , Wang Yu , Du Cailian , Du Huilong , Xing Longsheng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is an important vegetable crop with high nutritional value. However, the mechanism underlying its high nutrient content remains poorly understood. Here, we present a chromosome-scale genome of okra with a size of 1.19 Gb. Comparative genomics analysis revealed the phylogenetic status of A. esculentus, as well as whole-genome duplication (WGD) events that have occurred widely across the Malvaceae species. We found that okra has experienced three additional WGDs compared with the diploid cotton Gossypium raimondii, resulting in a large chromosome number (2n = 130). After three WGDs, okra has undergone extensive genomic deletions and retained substantial numbers of genes related to secondary metabolite biosynthesis and environmental adaptation, resulting in significant differences between okra and G. raimondii in the gene families related to cellulose synthesis. Combining transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis, we revealed the relationship between gene expression and metabolite content change across different okra developmental stages. Furthermore, the sinapic acid/S-lignin biosynthesis-related gene families have experienced remarkable expansion in okra, and the expression of key enzymes involved in the sinapic acid/S-lignin biosynthesis pathway vary greatly across developmental periods, which partially explains the differences in metabolite content across the different stages. Our study gains insights into the comprehensive evolutionary history of Malvaceae species and the genetic basis that underlies the nutrient content changes in okra, which will facilitate the functional study and genetic improvement of okra varieties.
Coherence Improvement of Dual-Lens Electron Holography
Authors: Wang Yun-Yu , Wang Zhouguang , Jin Qiang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Coherence is one of the limiting factors in off-axis electron holography applications. This paper reports methods to improve coherence ∼18-fold by using a smaller biprism and implementing a direct electron counting camera (K-camera) in combination with an imaging filter system. We achieved 0.4 nm fringe spacing with a 1.5 μm field-of-view and ∼33% fringe contrast. The maximum coherence number, N′, of ∼1.8 × 103 was achieved, where N′ is defined as the number of fringes times fringe contrast. High spatial resolution junction profile images (nm scale) of n-channel and p-channel field-effect transistors (nFET and pFET) are demonstrated with a large field-of-view (μm scale).
The impact of human expert visual inspection on the discovery of strong gravitational lenses
Authors: Rojas Karina , Collett Thomas E , Ballard Daniel , Magee Mark R , Birrer Simon , Buckley-Geer Elizabeth , Chan James H H , Clément Benjamin , Diego José M , Gentile Fabrizio , González Jimena , Joseph Rémy , Mastache Jorge , Schuldt Stefan , Tortora Crescenzo , Verdugo Tomás , Verma Aprajita , Daylan Tansu , Millon Martin , Jackson Neal , Dye Simon , Melo Alejandra , Mahler Guillaume , Ogando Ricardo L C , Courbin Frédéric , Fritz Alexander , Herle Aniruddh , Acevedo Barroso Javier A , Cañameras Raoul , Cornen Claude , Dhanasingham Birendra , Glazebrook Karl , Martinez Michael N , Ryczanowski Dan , Savary Elodie , Góis-Silva Filipe , Arturo Ureña-López L , Wiesner Matthew P , Wilde Joshua , Valim Calçada Gabriel , Cabanac Rémi , Pan Yue , Sierra Isaac , Despali Giulia , Cavalcante-Gomes Micaele V , Macmillan Christine , Maresca Jacob , Grudskaia Aleksandra , O’Donnell Jackson H , Paic Eric , Niemiec Anna , de la Bella Lucia F , Bromley Jane , Williams Devon M , More Anupreeta , Levine. Benjamin C 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
We investigate the ability of human ‘expert’ classifiers to identify strong gravitational lens candidates in Dark Energy Survey like imaging. We recruited a total of 55 people that completed more than 25 per cent of the project. During the classification task, we present to the participants 1489 images. The sample contains a variety of data including lens simulations, real lenses, non-lens examples, and unlabelled data. We find that experts are extremely good at finding bright, well-resolved Einstein rings, while arcs with g-band signal to noise less than ∼25 or Einstein radii less than ∼1.2 times the seeing are rarely recovered. Very few non-lenses are scored highly. There is substantial variation in the performance of individual classifiers, but they do not appear to depend on the classifier’s experience, confidence or academic position. These variations can be mitigated with a team of 6 or more independent classifiers. Our results give confidence that humans are a reliable pruning step for lens candidates, providing pure and quantifiably complete samples for follow-up studies.
Diagnostic criteria of chronic conjunctivitis: atopic keratoconjunctivitis and vernal keratoconjunctivitis
Authors: Leonardi Andrea , Righetti Giuseppe , Giovannini Giulia , De Marchi Vittorio , Occhiuto Matteo 
Published: June 2023

Purpose of review
Chronic ocular allergies, vernal (VKC) and atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) are relatively rare conditions that require definite diagnostic criteria to the most appropriate therapeutical approach.

Recent findings
The diagnosis of both VKC and AKC is generally based on clinical history, signs and symptoms, and the results of allergic tests, which allow to identify the different diseases phenotypes. However, other subtypes of the two diseases and/or overlaps may occur making the diagnosis non always so clear, such as VKC and AKC overlaps or adult-like VKC disease. Each of these phenotypes may be sustained by different mechanisms which are still not well defined but not only related to a type 2 inflammation. The further challenges will be to correlate clinical or molecular biomarkers to a single subtype or disease severity.

Summary
Definite criteria of chronic allergies will further guide to more specific therapeutical approaches.
Deep Learning Model for Automated Trainee Assessment During High-Fidelity Simulation
Authors: Siddiqui Asad , Zhao Zhoujie , Pan Chuer , Rudzicz Frank , Everett Tobias 
Published: June 2023

Problem
Implementation of competency-based medical education has necessitated more frequent trainee assessments. Use of simulation as an assessment tool is limited by access to trained examiners, cost, and concerns with interrater reliability. Developing an automated tool for pass/fail assessment of trainees in simulation could improve accessibility and quality assurance of assessments. This study aimed to develop an automated assessment model using deep learning techniques to assess performance of anesthesiology trainees in a simulated critical event.

Approach
The authors retrospectively analyzed anaphylaxis simulation videos to train and validate a deep learning model. They used an anaphylactic shock simulation video database from an established simulation curriculum, integrating a convenience sample of 52 usable videos. The core part of the model, developed between July 2019 and July 2020, is a bidirectional transformer encoder.

Outcomes
The main outcome was the F1 score, accuracy, recall, and precision of the automated assessment model in analyzing pass/fail of trainees in simulation videos. Five models were developed and evaluated. The strongest model was model 1 with an accuracy of 71% and an F1 score of 0.68.

Next Steps
The authors demonstrated the feasibility of developing a deep learning model from a simulation database that can be used for automated assessment of medical trainees in a simulated anaphylaxis scenario. The important next steps are to (1) integrate a larger simulation dataset to improve the accuracy of the model; (2) assess the accuracy of the model on alternative anaphylaxis simulations, additional medical disciplines, and alternative medical education evaluation modalities; and (3) gather feedback from education leadership and clinician educators surrounding the perceived strengths and weaknesses of deep learning models for simulation assessment. Overall, this novel approach for performance prediction has broad implications in medical education and assessment.
Employee Perceptions of an Established Health and Wellness Coaching Program to Improve Behavior
Authors: Torres Georgia , Mukoma Gudani , Neophytou Natalia , Gradidge Philippe Jean-Luc 
Published: June 2023

Objective
There is limited evidence, particularly qualitative analysis, of health and wellness interventions within the South African workplace. The purpose of this study is to explore whether health and wellness coaching when offered as part of an employee wellness program has potential for developing lifestyle change in a South African workplace.

Methods
There were four, 45-minute focus group discussions, where employees discussed their experiences of the workplace health and wellness intervention program.

Results
Main categories identified from the coding of the transcripts were purpose of the health and wellness coaching program, as well as employees’ program experience and improvement to the program. Common barriers to engagement, positive and negative experiences, and suggested improvements were defined by the employees.

Conclusions
The study highlighted the need of understanding employee perceptions in the development and implementation of a workplace health and wellness program.
Steroid Phobia in Patients With Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus
Authors: Delpero Emily , Sriharan Abi , Selk Amanda 
Published: June 2023

Objective
Steroid phobia in people with dermatologic conditions is associated with noncompliance with topical corticosteroids (TCS). Although it has not been studied in those with vulvar lichen sclerosus (vLS), first-line therapy is lifelong maintenance TCS, and noncompliance is associated with impaired quality of life, progression of architecture changes, and vulvar skin cancer. The authors aimed to measure steroid phobia in patients with vLS and determine their most valued sources of information to direct future interventions to address this phenomenon.

Methods
The authors adapted a preexisting, validated scale for steroid phobia (TOPICOP), which is a 12-item questionnaire that produces a score of 0 = no phobia and 100 = maximum phobia. The anonymous survey was distributed across social media platforms with an in-person component at the authors’ institution. Eligible participants included those with clinical or biopsy-proven LS. Participants were excluded if they did not consent or did not communicate in English.

Results
The authors obtained 865 online responses over a 1-week period. The in-person pilot obtained 31 responses, with a response rate of 79.5%. Mean global steroid phobia score was 43.02 (21.9)% and in-person responses were not significantly different (40.94 [16.03]%, p = .59). Approximately 40% endorsed waiting as long as they can before using TCS and stop as soon as possible. The most influential sources to improve patient comfort with TCS were physician and pharmacist reassurance over online resources.

Conclusions
Steroid phobia is common in patients with vLS. Focused efforts to address steroid phobia among health care providers is the next best step toward improving patient comfort with TCS.
Recurrent High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion After Loop Excision Procedure Versus Loop Procedure With Top Hat
Authors: Francoeur Alex A. , Furey Katelyn B. , Ramirez Juan , Klomhaus Alexandra M. , Holschneider Christine , Garcia Lisa M. 
Published: June 2023

Objective
To evaluate single-pass loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP-SP) versus LEEP with top hat (LEEP-TH) in terms of treatment failure defined as high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) cytology within 2 years’ follow-up.

Methods
This single-institution cohort study used a prospectively collected cervical dysplasia database including all patients who underwent LEEP-SP or LEEP-TH for biopsy-proven cervical intraepithelial neoplasia between 2005 and 2019.

Results
Of 340 patients included, 178 underwent LEEP-SP and 162 LEEP-TH. The LEEP-TH patients were more likely to be older (mean age, 40.4 vs 36.5 years; p < .001) and have a positive preprocedure endocervical sampling (68.5% vs 11.8%; p < .001). Positive margins were found in 23 LEEP-SP (12.9%) and in 25 LEEP-TH (15.4%; p = .507). There was no significant difference in depth of excision between LEEP-SP (13.21 ± 23.19 mm) and LEEP-TH (17.37 ± 28.26 mm; p = .138). At 2 years, there was no difference in the rates of HSIL cytology (5.2% vs 6.3%; p = .698), any positive human papillomavirus test, or HSIL cytology (25% vs 15%; p = .284). The 57 patients undergoing repeat excision were more likely to be older (mean age, 40.95 vs 37.52 years; p = .023), have had a LEEP-TH (26.3% vs 73.7%; p < .001), and have initial cytologic HSIL (64.9% vs 35.0%; p < .001).

Conclusions
In this single-institution study, there is no difference in the rate of recurrent HSIL in patients undergoing LEEP-SP versus LEEP-TH. A LEEP-TH may have limited additional benefit over a LEEP-SP in the treatment of cervical HSIL.
Neck Hemorrhage
Authors: Bingham-Abujasen Kaileigh , Schmitt Jessicia , Knight Laura 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Distinguishing artifactual postmortem hypostatic hemorrhages from injury is key to accurately diagnosing strangulation. Despite being a well-known phenomenon, the literature is limited. This retrospective case-control analysis characterizes anterior neck musculature hemorrhage patterns associated with postmortem artifact versus strangulation by comparing incidental neck hemorrhages noted on 20 autopsy reports from 2020 to 2021 to 10 strangulation controls from 2015 to 2021 in Northern Nevada. Cases were analyzed for body position and location/severity of musculature involvement. For artifact cases, 50.0% were prone, 40.0% supine, and 10.0% side-lying. A total of 55.6% of artifact cases and controls demonstrated neck hemorrhage laterality. A total of 80.0% of the prone cases versus 77.8% of supine had diffuse hemorrhage versus focal. A total of 63.2% of artifact cases involved the sternocleidomastoid versus 70.0% controls (P = 1.000), 26.3% involved soft tissues versus 20.0% (P = 1.000), 9.1% the sternohyoid versus 40.0% (P = 0.149), 27.3% the sternothyroid versus 60.0% (P = 0.198), 9.1% the thyrohyoid versus 10.0% (P = 1.000), 18.2% the omohyoid versus 30.0% (P = 0.635), and 10.0% the tongue versus 50.0% (P = 0.026). Despite the limitations, this study demonstrated that while prone positioning is a contributing factor to the development of anterior neck hemorrhages, there are other factors than postmortem hypostasis.
Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia may underestimate task-specific fear of movement in people with and without low back pain
Authors: Tissot Liam-Pierre Mathieu , Evans David William , Kirby Edward , Liew Bernard Xian Wei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
The Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK) is commonly used to assess fear of movement (FoM) in people with low back pain (LBP). However, the TSK does not provide a task-specific measure of FoM, whereas image-based or video-based methods may do so.

Objectives:
To compare the magnitude of FoM when assessed using 3 methods (TSK-11, image of lifting, video of lifting) in 3 groups of people: current LBP (LBP), recovered LBP (rLBP), and asymptomatic controls (control).

Methods:
Fifty-one participants completed the TSK-11 and rated their FoM when viewing images and videos depicting people lifting objects. Low back pain and rLBP participants also completed the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Linear mixed models were used to estimate the effects of methods (TSK-11, image, video) and group (control, LBP, rLBP). Linear regression models were used to assess associations between the methods on ODI after adjusting for group. Finally, a linear mixed model was used to understand the effects of method (image, video) and load (light, heavy) on fear.

Results:
In all groups, viewing images (P = 0.009) and videos (P = 0.038) elicited greater FoM than that captured by the TSK-11. Only the TSK-11 was significantly associated with the ODI (P < 0.001). Finally, there was a significant main effect of load on fear (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Fear of specific movements (eg, lifting) may be better measured using task-specific measures, such as images and videos, than by task-generic questionnaires, such as the TSK-11. Being more strongly associated with the ODI, the TSK-11 still plays an important role in understanding the impact of FoM on disability.
Applied Anatomy of the Lower Eyelids’ Preseptal Space for Treating Ectropion and Retraction with Soft Tissue Fillers
Authors: Hartstein Morris E. , Gildener-Leapman Juliana , Bernardini Francesco P. , Cassuto Daniel , Wulc Allan E. , Ni Garrett , Alfertshofer Michael G. , Cotofana Sebastian 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Lower eyelid malposition can result from age-related changes such as ectropion or post-surgical changes like retraction following lower lid blepharoplasty. The current accepted treatment is surgical, but previously it was indicated that soft tissue fillers can be used as well with good outcome. However, the underlying anatomy is incompletely described when guiding practitioners toward minimally invasive injections of the lower eyelid.

Objective:
To describe a minimally invasive injection technique adjusted to the complex anatomy of the lower eyelid for the treatment of ectropion and retraction of the lower eyelid.

Methods:
A total of n = 39 periorbital regions of n = 31 study participants were retrospectively analyzed using photographs prior and post to reconstruction of the lower eyelid with soft-tissue fillers. Two independent raters assessed the degree of ectropion and lower eyelid retraction (DELER; 0 - 4, best-to-worst) before and after the reconstruction and the overall aesthetic improvement using the Periorbital Aesthetic Improvement Scale (PAIS).

Results:
The median DELER score improved statistically significantly from 3.00 (1.5) to 1.00 (1.0) with p <0.001. The mean volume of soft tissue filler material applied per eyelid was 0.73 cc (0.5). The median PAIS following the treatment was rated as 4.00 (0.5) indicating improvement of the periorbital functional and aesthetic appearance.

Conclusion:
Anatomic knowledge of the lower eyelid and of the preseptal space is of clinical relevance when trying to reconstruct the lower eyelid with soft-tissue fillers. The targeted space provides optimal lifting capacities for improved aesthetic and functional outcome.
Identification of Therapeutic Leads fromFicus hispidaFruit Phytochemicals against Prostate Cancer Using Pharmacoinformatic and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Approach
Authors: Rahman MD. Hasanur , Rahman Md. Ataur , Zahan Md. Sarwar , Biswas Partha , Islam Silme , Reshad Riyan Al Islam , Sohag Abdullah Al Mamun , Gupta Bablu , Islam Redwanul , Hannan Md. Abdul , Kim Woojin , Moon Seungjoon , Uddin Md Jamal , Kim Bonglee 
Published: June 2023

AbstractProstate cancer is one of the leading causes of death and the most common cancer type in men. In this study, potential leads from the phytochemicals ofFicus hispidafruit were screened using in silico tools against androgen receptor (AR), a known target for prostate cancer. PASS online and ADMET tools were used to screen specific phytochemicals that are relevant to prostate cancer treatment and have drug-like properties. Of 13, a total of 10 phytochemicals passed PASS online and ADMET screening. Next, a total of three phytochemicals, including nodakenetin (CID: 26305), isowigtheone hydrate (CID: 66728267), and 7-hydroxycoumarin (CID: 5281426) were selected based on their docking scores (-9.946 to -7.653 kcal/mol) and relevance to selective bioactivity. The MD simulation further confirmed the binding stability of these three phytochemicals with their target AR protein and determined that the main amino acid residues mainly responsible for this stability including RMSD, RMSF, and post simulation binding free energies. These findings suggest that these three phytochemicals ofFicus hispidafruit can further be developed as prospective therapeutics against prostate cancer.
Activation of the TRIF pathway and downstream targets results in the development of precancerous lesions during infection withHelicobacter
Authors: Bali Prerna , Lozano-Pope Ivonne , Hernandez Jonathan , Estrada Monica V , Corr Maripat , Turner Michael A. , Bouvet Michael , Benner Christopher , Obonyo Marygorret 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHelicobacter pylori(H. pylori)infection is an established cause of many digestive diseases, including gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. However, the mechanism by which infection withH. pyloricauses these disorders is still not clearly understood. This is due to insufficient knowledge of pathways that promoteH. pylori-induced disease progression. We have established aHelicobacter-induced accelerated disease progression mouse model, which involves infecting mice deficient in the myeloid differentiation primary response 88 gene (Myd88-/-) withH. felis. Using this model, we report here that that progression ofH. felis-induced inflammation to high-grade dysplasia was associated with activation of type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling pathway and upregulation of related downstream target genes, IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). These observations were further corroborated by the enrichment of ISRE motifs in the promoters of upregulated genes. Further we showed thatH. felis-induced inflammation in mice deficient in Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR)-domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon-β (TRIF,TrifLps2) did not progress to severe gastric pathology, indicating a role of the TRIF signaling pathway in disease pathogenesis and progression. Indeed, survival analysis in gastric biopsy samples from gastric cancer patients illustrated that high expression ofTrifwas significantly associated with poor survival in gastric cancer.