bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ammonia oxidation and nitrate reduction marker genes are key indicators of nitrogen losses in temperate forest catchments
Authors: Tahovská Karolina , Kaštovská Eva , Choma Michal , Čapek Petr , Bárta Jiří , Oulehle Filip 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChronic nitrogen inputs can alleviate N limitation and potentially impose N losses in forests, indicated by soil enrichment in 15N over 14N. However, the complexity of the nitrogen cycle hinders accurate quantification of N fluxes. Simultaneously, soil ecologists are striving to find meaningful indicators to characterise the “openness” of the nitrogen cycle. We integrate soil δ15N with constrained ecosystem N losses and the functional gene potential of the soil microbiome in 14 temperate forest catchments. We show that N losses are associated with soil δ15N and that δ15N scales with the abundance of soil bacteria. The abundance of the archaeal amoA gene, representing the first step in nitrification (ammonia oxidation to nitrite), followed by the abundance of narG and napA genes, associated with the first step in denitrification (nitrate reduction to nitrite), explains most of the variability in soil δ15N. These genes are more informative than the denitrification genes nirS and nirK, which are directly linked to N2O production. Nitrite formation thus appears to be the critical step associated with N losses. Furthermore, we show that the genetic potential for ammonia oxidation and nitrate reduction is representative of forest soil 15N enrichment and thus indicative of ecosystem N losses.
Cultural reflexivity and the referral problem: A discourse analysis of three initial sessions of intercultural couple therapy
Authors: Cadenhead Raphael A. , Fellin Lisa Chiara 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUsing a combination of macro‐ and micro‐analytic approaches in discourse analysis, this article examines transcripts from three initial sessions of DVD‐recorded conjoint couple therapy with an intercultural couple. We analyse the strategies of power employed by therapy participants to promote their preferred construction of the referral problem. Focusing on the intersections of gender, psychopathology and culture, we explore how wider sociocultural discourses play out in the micro‐context of participants' discursive exchanges. We also consider how the therapist's interventions privilege and marginalise client discourses in both strategic and unintended ways. This article offers some clinical techniques to address the dilemmas and difficulties identified in our analysis. We conclude by underscoring the value of reviewing recordings and transcripts of therapy dialogues to enhance cultural reflexivity.
Promoting foundational linguistic skills for reading development in young Chinese language learners: A 1‐year intervention study
Authors: Wong Yu Ka , Zang Xuan , Inoue Tomohiro 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundUsing a 1‐year longitudinal design, we evaluated the effectiveness of an intervention programme to improve reading attainments among Chinese‐as‐a‐second‐language (CSL) learners. Using the simple view of reading as a theoretical framework, the intervention focused on students' orthographic knowledge, word reading and listening comprehension to facilitate reading comprehension.MethodA total of 186 Grade 4 CSL students (mean age = 9.22, SD = 0.56) participated in the study and were grouped into the treatment (N = 96) and control (N = 90) groups. A range of Chinese language and literacy skills were assessed before and after the intervention.ResultsThe path analysis showed that the intervention significantly affected orthographic knowledge, word reading and listening comprehension directly and reading comprehension indirectly through the three componential skills after controlling for nonverbal reasoning, vocabulary and autoregressors.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that orthographic knowledge, word reading and listening comprehension may be promising targets for instructing young CSL learners.
Does using social media increase or decrease happiness? An empirical study of Facebook users in Taiwan
Authors: Lee Ming‐Hsuan , Liu Ya‐Ming , Yu Clarence 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn 2022, approximately 90% of the entire population in Taiwan actively used social media. Although several studies have examined emotional changes among social media users in Taiwan, the endogeneity problem stemming from reverse causality has not been recognized and properly addressed. Therefore, this study examines the effect of social media usage on negative emotions using ‘the frequency of using mobile phones as opposed to landline phones’ and ‘the frequency of using the Internet to run errands’ as instrumental variables for social media usage. Using data collected from the 2017 ‘Taiwan Social Change Survey’, our estimation results showed that Facebook usage significantly increased the frequency with which users experienced negative emotions, including envy, feelings of inferiority, and depression. The findings suggested that the negative emotions caused by social comparison via social media likely outweighed the happiness derived from social media, resulting in Facebook users experiencing more negative emotions. One important implication of our study is that reducing social media usage can alleviate mood swings.
A mixed‐methods assessment of off‐duty police shootings in a media‐curated database
Authors: Asabor Emmanuella Ngozi , Lett Elle , Mosely Brein , Boone Cheriko A. , Sundaresan Saahil , Wong Tian An , Majumder Maimuna S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine rates of killings perpetrated by off‐duty police and news coverage of those killings, by victim race and gender, and to qualitatively evaluate the contexts in which those killings occur.Data Sources and Study SettingWe used the Mapping Police Violence database to curate a dataset of killings perpetrated by off‐duty police (2013–2021, N = 242). We obtained data from Media Cloud to assess news coverage of each off‐duty police‐perpetrated killing.Study DesignOur study used a convergent mixed‐methods design. We examined off‐duty police‐perpetrated killings by victim race and gender, comparing absolute rates and rates relative to total police‐perpetrated killings. [Correction added on 26 June 2023, after first online publication: ‘policy‐perpetrated’ has been changed to ‘police‐perpetrated’ in the preceding sentence.] We also conducted race‐gender comparisons of the frequency of news media reporting of these killings, and whether reporting identified the perpetrator as an off‐duty officer. We conducted thematic analysis of the narrative free‐text field that accompanied quantitative data using grounded theory.Principal FindingsBlack men were the most frequent victims killed by off‐duty police (39.3%) followed by white men (25.2%), Hispanic men (11.2%), white women (9.1%), men of unknown race (9.1%), and Black women (4.1%). Black women had the highest rate of off‐duty/total police‐perpetrated killings relative to white men (rate = 12.82%, RR = 8.32, 95% CI: 4.43–15.63). There were threefold higher odds of news reporting of a police‐perpetrated killing and the off‐duty status of the officer for incidents with Black and Hispanic victims. Qualitative analysis revealed that off‐duty officers intervened violently within their own social networks; their presence escalated situations; they intentionally obscured information about their lethal violence; they intervened while impaired; their victims were often in crisis; and their intervention posed harm and potential secondary traumatization to witnesses.ConclusionsPolice perpetrate lethal violence while off duty, compromising public health and safety. Additionally, off‐duty police‐perpetrated killings are reported differentially by the news media depending on the race of the victim.
Public trust is earned: Historical discrimination, carceral violence, and the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Anderson Andrew , Lewis Demar F. , Shafer Paul , Anderson Jordan , LaVeist Thomas A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess whether knowledge of Tuskegee, the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agency's detainment of children, and satisfaction with the George Floyd death investigation were associated with trust in actors involved in the development and distribution of coronavirus vaccines.Data Sources and Study SettingNational survey with a convenience sample of Black (n = 1019) and Hispanic (n = 994) adults between July 1 and 26, 2021.Study DesignObservational study using stratified adjusted logistic regression models to measure the association between ratings of the trustworthiness of actors involved in the development and distribution of coronavirus vaccines.Principal FindingsAmong Black respondents, lower satisfaction with the George Floyd death investigation was associated with lower trustworthiness ratings of pharmaceutical companies (ME: −0.09; CI: −0.15, 0.02), the FDA (ME: −0.07; CI: −0.14, −0.00), the Trump Administration (ME: −0.09; CI: −0.16, −0.02), the Biden Administration (ME: −0.07, CI: −0.10, 0.04), and elected officials (ME: −0.10, CI: −0.18, −0.03). Among Hispanic respondents, lower satisfaction was associated with lower trustworthiness ratings of the Trump Administration (ME: −0.14, CI: −0.22, −0.06) and elected officials (ME: −0.11; CI: −0.19, −0.02). Greater knowledge of ICE's detainment of children and families among Hispanic respondents was associated with lower trustworthiness ratings of state elected officials (ME: −0.09, CI: −0.16, 0.01). Greater knowledge of the US Public Health Service Study of Syphilis in Tuskegee was associated with higher trustworthiness ratings of their usual source of care (ME: 0.09; CI: 0.28, 0.15) among Black respondents (ME: 0.09; CI: 0.01, 0.16).ConclusionsAmong Black respondents, lower satisfaction with the George Floyd death investigation was associated with lowered levels of trust in pharmaceutical companies, some government officials, and administrators; it was not associated with the erosion of trust in direct sources of health care delivery, information, or regulation. Among Hispanic respondents, greater knowledge of the ICE detainments was associated with lower trustworthiness ratings of elected state officials. Paradoxically, higher knowledge of the Study of Syphilis in Tuskegee was associated with higher trustworthiness ratings in usual sources of care.
Linking climate policy across economic sectors: A case for green growth in Nepal
Authors: Baniya Bishal 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWhile the energy sector is the largest global contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the agriculture, forestry, and other land use (AFOLU) sector account for up to 80% of GHG emissions in the least developed countries (LDCs). Despite this, the nationally determined contributions (NDCs) of LDCs, including Nepal, focus primarily on climate mitigation in the energy sector. This paper introduces green growth—a way to foster economic growth while ensuring access to resources and environmental services—as an approach to improving climate policy coherence across sectors. Using Nepal as a case country, this study models the anticipated changes in resource use and GHG emissions between 2015 and 2030, that would result from implementing climate mitigation actions in Nepal's NDC. The model uses four different scenarios. They link NDC and policies across economic sectors and offer policy insights regarding (1) energy losses that could cost up to 10% of gross domestic product (GDP) by 2030, (2) protection of forest resources by reducing the use of biomass fuels from 465 million gigajoules (GJ) in 2015 to 195 million GJ in 2030, and (3) a significant reduction in GHG emissions by 2030 relative to the business‐as‐usual (BAU) case by greater use of electricity from hydropower rather than biomass. These policy insights are significant for Nepal and other LDCs as they seek an energy transition towards using more renewable energy and electricity.
Mouthfeel subqualities in wines: A current insight on sensory descriptors and physical–chemical markers
Authors: Paissoni Maria Alessandra , Motta Giulia , Giacosa Simone , Rolle Luca , Gerbi Vincenzo , Río Segade Susana 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAstringency and more generally mouthfeel perception are relevant to the overall quality of the wine. However, their origin and description are still uncertain and are constantly updating. Additionally, the terminology related to mouthfeel properties is expansive and extremely diversified, characterized by common traditional terms as well as novel recently adopted descriptors. In this context, this review evaluated the mention frequency of astringent subqualities and other mouthfeel attributes in the scientific literature of the last decades (2000–August 17, 2022). One hundred and twenty‐five scientific publications have been selected and classified based on wine typology, aim, and instrumental–sensorial methods adopted. Dry resulted as the most frequent astringent subquality (10% for red wines, 8.6% for white wines), while body—and related terms—is a common mouthfeel sensation for different wine types, although its concept is still vague. Alongside, promising analytical and instrumental techniques investigating and simulating the in‐mouth properties are discussed in detail, such as rheology for the viscosity and tribology for the lubrication loss, as well as the different approaches for the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the interaction between salivary proteins and astringency markers. A focus on the phenolic compounds involved in the tactile perception was conducted, with tannins being the compounds conventionally found responsible for astringency. Nevertheless, other non‐tannic polyphenolic classes (i.e., flavonols, phenolic acids, anthocyanins, anthocyanin‐derivative pigments) as well as chemical–physical factors and the wine matrix (i.e., polysaccharides, mannoproteins, ethanol, glycerol, and pH) can also contribute to the wine in‐mouth sensory profile. An overview of mouthfeel perception, factors involved, and its vocabulary is useful for enologists and consumers.
A method for bone marrow extraction of diatoms for forensic science applications
Authors: Marshall Michelle , Chraïbi Victoria , Morgan Ryan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDiatoms show potential as trace evidence indicators, particularly as evidence of drowning. Often, the diatom test to diagnose drowning is done on soft tissue or bone marrow from a recently deceased individual. This method presented here combines elements from previous forensic literature and methods of diatom isolation in phycology to extract diatoms from bone marrow of skeletal remains for forensic use. This diatom extraction method is time‐efficient, minimizes contamination risk, and produces samples of intact diatoms. This method is designed to complete sample preparation within 24 h, sampling the bone for diatoms internally and externally. This method was developed using porcine long bones submerged in water with live diatoms for up to 3 months. Three marrow samples were extracted from each bone so the method was developed using 102 marrow samples. Additionally, 132 surficial bone and environmental samples were collected and prepared during method development. To briefly summarize the method, the bone joints were cut off with an angle grinder in a biosafety hood to expose the marrow, which was removed from the hip, knee, and shaft as separate samples. The marrow was digested with nitric acid at 400°C in glass beakers before being centrifuged with DI water, plated onto microscope slides, and observed with a compound microscope. Observation found good preservation of unbroken diatom cell walls throughout the process. This method can be used to prepare diatoms as forensic trace evidence.
Higher levels of the lipophilic antioxidants coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E in long‐lived termite queens than in short‐lived workers
Authors: Tasaki Eisuke , Yamamoto Yorihiro , Iuchi Yoshihito 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTermite queens and kings live longer than nonreproductive workers. Several molecular mechanisms contributing to their long lifespan have been investigated; however, the underlying biochemical explanation remains unclear. Coenzyme Q (CoQ), a component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, plays an essential role in the lipophilic antioxidant defense system. Its beneficial effects on health and longevity have been well studied in several organisms. Herein, we demonstrated that long‐lived termite queens have significantly higher levels of the lipophilic antioxidant CoQ10 than workers. Liquid chromatography analysis revealed that the levels of the reduced form of CoQ10 were 4 fold higher in the queen's body than in the worker's body. In addition, queens showed 7 fold higher levels of vitamin E, which plays a role in antilipid peroxidation along with CoQ, than workers. Furthermore, the oral administration of CoQ10 to termites increased the CoQ10 redox state in the body and their survival rate under oxidative stress. These findings suggest that CoQ10 acts as an efficient lipophilic antioxidant along with vitamin E in long‐lived termite queens. This study provides essential biochemical and evolutionary insights into the relationship between CoQ10 concentrations and termite lifespan extension.
Revisiting the relationship between age, employment, and recidivism
Authors: Nguyen Holly , Thomas Kyle J. , Tostlebe Jennifer J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEmployment theoretically serves as a source of informal social control that can promote desistance from crime (Sampson & Laub, 1993). Findings from studies assessing the effects of employment, however, have been mixed. In a seminal study, Uggen (2000) reanalyzed data from the National Supported Work (NSW) Demonstration Project and found that employment significantly reduced the rate of recidivism among individuals aged 27 and older but had no impact on younger individuals. We reproduce and replicate Uggen's (2000) findings with data from four distinct employment programs: The National Supported Work Program (1975–1979), the Transitional Aid Research Project (1976–1977), the Employment Services for Ex‐Offenders (1981–1984), and the Enhanced Services for the Hard‐to‐Employ Center for Employment Opportunities (2004–2008). We closely reproduced Uggen's original findings in the NSW but found evidence that the statistically significant interaction between age and employment in the NSW was only present at the year 3 follow‐up and the observed effect is highly sensitive to minor threats to internal validity. Furthermore, a significant age–employment interaction was not observed in the three other data sources. These findings should encourage scholars to continue to investigate the age‐graded nature of employment and crime, especially through a sociohistorical lens.
The Passage of the Welsh Church Bill under the 1911 Parliament Act and the Impact of War
Authors: Jones David W. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn 1910, David Lloyd George, who was serving as chancellor of the exchequer in the Liberal government, opined that: ‘Wales had been solid for disestablishment for 40 years’ (The Times, 18 Jan. 1910, p.12). According to Lloyd George, this aspiration had been thwarted by the political reality that: ‘if a Bill went up to the House of Lords it would not have the slightest chance of getting through’. At its core, the quest for the disestablishment of the Anglican church in Wales was viewed as an unprecedented constitutional and political change. It threatened to dismember one of the pillars of the English state and thereby sever a church/state relationship which, it was argued, predated parliament itself. This article will address the democratic deficit in Wales where the desire of the electorate had been repeatedly frustrated over decades, and the way disestablishment legislation would eventually be enacted through the provisions of the Parliament Act 1911. The final ignominy was that the delay inherent in the new parliamentary process would jeopardise the disestablishment that it had enabled, and this was evident in the first years of the Great War.
Anti‐nuclear matrix protein 2 antibody‐positive dermatomyositis with gastrointestinal ulcers: A case report
Authors: Uchio Naohiro , Komaki Shogo , Sudo Takashi , Matsumoto Yusuke , Hao Akihito , Kojima Kentaro , Toda Nobuo , Kitamura Asuka , Maeda Meiko Hashimoto , Kubota Akatsuki , Matsumoto Hideyuki 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGastrointestinal manifestations are a very rare complication of dermatomyositis (DM) and are much less frequent in adult cases than in juvenile cases. Only a few previous papers have reported adult patients who had DM with anti‐nuclear matrix protein 2 (anti‐NXP2) antibodies and who developed gastrointestinal ulcers. Herein, we report a similar case of a 50‐year‐old man who had DM with anti‐NXP2 antibodies followed by relapsing multiple gastrointestinal ulcers. Even after the administration of prednisolone, his muscle weakness and myalgia deteriorated and gastrointestinal ulcers relapsed. In contrast, intravenous immunoglobulin and azathioprine improved his muscle weakness and gastrointestinal ulcers. Based on the parallel disease activity of the muscular and gastrointestinal symptoms, we considered that his gastrointestinal ulcers were a complication of DM with anti‐NXP2 antibodies. We also propose that early intensive immunosuppressive therapy would be required for the muscular and gastrointestinal symptoms in DM with anti‐NXP2 antibodies.
Pulmonary involvement in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody‐associated vasculitides: A single center experience from Turkey
Authors: Yildirim Dogan Hale Gulcin , Yildirim Fatih , Icacan Ozan Cemal , Yalcin Mutlu Melek , Celik Selda , Bes Cemal 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivePulmonary involvement is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)‐associated vasculitis (AAV). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the type and frequency of pulmonary involvement and investigate the potential relationship between thorax computed tomography (CT) signs and other systemic clinical findings in AAV.MethodsA total of 63 patients over the age of 18 and diagnosed with AAV were included in this study. Thoracic CT imaging findings and clinical features of the patients at the time of diagnosis were retrospectively evaluated. The frequency and distribution of detected pathological findings on imaging according to disease types, in addition to the relationship of these findings with other systemic findings and disease severity, were analyzed.ResultsOf 63 patients, 50 (79.4%) had pulmonary symptoms at the time of presentation. Most frequently observed pulmonary finding of thorax CT was nodular opacity. Consolidation, cavitary nodules, bronchiectasis, emphysema and fibrotic sequelae change were more common in the patients with diagnosis of granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Honeycomb, atelectasis, interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary venous congestion and pleural effusion were more common in the patients with diagnosis of microscopic polyangiitis. Ground‐glass appearance, central airway disease, peribronchovascular nodules, pericardial effusion and lymphatic adenomegaly (>10 mm) were more common in the patients with diagnosis of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Interstitial lung disease, pulmonary hemorrhage and severe lung involvement were found significantly increased in patients with myeloperoxidase antibody (MPO)‐ANCA positivity (P < 0.05).ConclusionLung involvement was detected in almost all of the patients with AAV. Both interstitial lung disease and severe lung involvement were more frequently found in patients with MPO‐ANCA positivity compared to other patients. Pulmonary examination by an imaging technique in all patients with AAV may be useful to determine the vasculitis subtype and to determine the extent of the disease.Practitioner Points

Pulmonary involvement is quite common in AAV.

Every patient with suspected AAV should be examined with imaging for lung involvement, even in the absence of respiratory symptoms.

Severe pulmonary involvement is associated with the presence of severe disease and MPO‐ANCA positivity.