bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Predictors of Adverse Events and Mortality Risk Associated With IL‐6 Inhibitors: A Pharmacovigilance Study Using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System Database
Authors: Fang Meilin , Li Jinglin , Zhuang Boyang , Liang Weijie , Wang Ling , Wang Cunze , Chen Wujin , Cai Fangqing , Ruan Junshan , Huang Zhuiliang , Jin Yishun 
Published: January 2025

Aim: This study aimed to investigate post‐marketing adverse events (AEs) of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) inhibitors, and to explore risk factors for death.Method: Disproportionality analyses were conducted on adverse event cases of IL‐6 inhibitors reported to the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) from the time of drug launch until the fourth quarter of 2023. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out utilizing patient‐related clinical information, and prediction models for IL‐6 inhibitor‐related mortality risk were developed by incorporating patient age and weight factors.Results: A total of 63,445 reports were retrieved, with the majority of known age groups falling between 18 and 64 years. Most reports were submitted by consumers and physicians, predominantly from the United States. Tocilizumab was associated with AEs such as drug intolerance and infection, while sarilumab showed symptoms of pain and condition aggravated. Siltuximab was linked to disease progression and thrombocytopenia. The median time to AEs with IL‐6 inhibitors was 74 days (interquartile range [IQR] 10‐311), mostly occurring within 1 month. Factors such as age, propionic acid derivative, infections and infestations, nervous system disorders, and immune system disorders were independent risk factors for deaths related to IL‐6 inhibitor use (p < 0.05). The mortality risk prediction model demonstrated good discriminatory power and clinical applicability in both the training set (AUC 0.6968) and the validation set (AUC 0.7502).Conclusion: Our postmarketing pharmacovigilance analysis revealed the types and incidence of AEs related to IL‐6 inhibitors. Column line diagrams may be useful for clinical assessment of the occurrence of death and have high clinical utility.
Occupational Performance in the Discipline of Occupational Therapy During COVID‐19 at a Public University in KwaZulu‐Natal
Authors: Ndaba N. , Govender P. , Naidoo D. 
Published: January 2025

Introduction: The application of the person–environment–occupation–performance (PEOP) model in occupational therapy education offers valuable insights into the interaction between person, environment, and occupational factors and how these elements influenced the strategies used to adapt and navigate the transformation of health professions education during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This study explored how individual characteristics, contextual demands, and the nature of educational occupations shaped the adaptation and performance of educators and students.Materials and Methods: The study used a qualitative, exploratory research design at a public higher education institution (HEI) in South Africa, focusing on the occupational therapy program. Purposive sampling was used to recruit key participants (n = 44), including management, academic educators, clinical supervisors (academics), academic support educators, and occupational therapy students. Data collection occurred via the Zoom platform for 45–60‐min semistructured interviews. Thematic analysis, guided by the PEOP model, was employed to analyze qualitative data, which was recorded, transcribed, and coded using NVivo (Version 12 Pro). The study ensured trustworthiness and adherence to ethical principles.Results: The PEOP model was used as a framework to formulate the themes, namely, (1) person, (2) environment, (3) occupation, (4) occupational performance, and (5) occupational performance and participation. In the context of occupational therapy education, particular emphasis was placed on the adaptations and responses of educators and students as they navigated the demands of their educational occupations during the pandemic.Discussion: The curriculum underwent rapid adjustments, requiring theoretical instruction and clinical practice modifications. These changes posed significant challenges and highlighted pre‐existing gaps within HEIs, as experienced by educators and students.Conclusions: This study highlighted the importance of supporting optimal occupational performance among educators and students, emphasizing the necessity of providing adequate resources and support. This ensures the well‐being of educators and students, enabling effective engagement and participation as they navigate the evolving educational landscape.
Pretargeted Trop-2 ImmunoPET for Rapid, Selective Detection of Pancreatic Tumors
Authors: Pratt Edwin C. , Mandleywala Komal , Bauer David , Bolaender Alexander , Chao Grace , Castanares Mark A. , Collins Emily C. , Lewis Jason S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose:
Recent clinical advances with the approval of antibody–drug conjugates targeting trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (Trop-2), such as sacituzumab govitecan and datopotamab deruxtecan, have garnered tremendous interest for their therapeutic efficacy in numerous tumor types, including breast and lung cancers. ImmunoPET can stratify tumor avidity, clarifying patient eligibility for antibody–drug conjugate therapy as well as a diagnostic companion during therapy. Slow antibody circulation requires days to reach optimal imaging timepoints. To overcome this shortfall, bioorthogonal click chemistry for pretargeting can be employed, decoupling antibody circulation time and the delivery of the radionuclide.

Experimental Design:
Here, we report the characterization of a new full-length Trop-2.2 antibody showing high affinity for Trop-2–positive cancers and leverage different site-selective labeling and pretargeting radionuclide combinations to yield rapid imaging with minimal radionuclide footprint after imaging. Three pretargeting strategies for fluorine-18, copper-64, and zirconium-89 were explored in addition to site-specific bioconjugation.

Results:
We found that pretargeting with [64Cu]Cu-sarcophagine-tetrazine yielded the best images, identifying Trop-2–positive tumors with optimal tumor-to-background ratios. Intriguingly, we found that the full-length antibody, when directly conjugated, yielded rapid accumulation, starting at 3 hours after injection, and led to more than 50% injected activity per gram in the tumor before 24 hours.

Conclusions:
[89Zr]Zr-deferoxamine-Trop-2 and pretargeting with [64Cu]Cu-sarcophagine-tetrazine are viable imaging strategies to quickly identify Trop-2–positive tumors for subsequent Trop-2 therapies.
Probing for intentions: The early readiness potential does not reflect awareness of motor preparation
Authors: Gavenas Jake , Schurger Aaron , Maoz Uri 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Voluntary actions are typically preceded by the readiness potential (RP), a negative midfrontal electroencephalography (EEG) deflection that begins ~2 s before movement. What cognitive and neural process the RP reflects and how it relates to conscious intention remain unclear due to conflicting findings. We investigated the neural basis and cognitive significance of the RP in a novel probe-based paradigm. Contrary to prior reports, we found that pre-probe RP buildups were not related to reported awareness of motor preparation. Computational modeling suggested that the best explanation for these results is via metacognitive access to stochastic accumulation. Reported preparation was also related to beta desynchronization over contralateral motor cortex shortly before probe onset. We conclude that the RP may be metacognitively accessible in response to external task demands but does not reflect the onset of a conscious intention. We discuss implications of these findings for voluntary action initiation and intention awareness.
The effect of public funding on long-term relocation of experienced researchers: An analysis of the Marie Curie Career Integration Grant
Authors: Seeber Marco , Cattaneo Mattia , Debernardi Carlo , Pina David G. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Scientific mobility often benefits researchers’ productivity and networks but may lead to unbalanced flows from less to more attractive countries. This is the first quantitative study to examine a mobility program aimed at tackling this problem by favoring relocation within a geographical domain, by supporting the long-term relocation of experienced researchers: the Career Integration Grant (CIG), a funding scheme of the Marie Curie Actions under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme. The CIG aimed to reinforce the European Research Area and counter the European brain drain to third countries by supporting the long-term relocation of experienced researchers in EU member states or associated countries. We consider three yearly calls between 2011 and 2013 and explore the effect on the chances of long-term relocation at country and institutional level. We find that obtaining the grant related to greater chances of long-term relocation in the host institution (+9.4%) and country (+8.2%). The grant was particularly effective for applicants’ subcategories that typically have less access to alternative funding sources: (1) nontenured, (2) scientists from soft sciences, (3) non “returnees,” and (4) moving to nonhigh-ranked institutions. We do not find a relationship with the probability of obtaining a tenured position or on scientific productivity.
Highly Cited Researchers: Anatomy of a list
Authors: Chaignon Lauranne 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The list of Highly Cited Researchers (HCR) published each year by Clarivate occupies a special place in the academic landscape, due to its use in the Shanghai rankings. This article looks at the evolution of this list, based on material communicated between 2001 and 2023 by its various producers (the Institute for Scientific Information, Thomson Reuters, and Clarivate) on their respective websites. Three main phases in its trajectory have then been identified. The first is characterized by the creation of a database (2001–2011), the second by the affirmation of an indicator (2012–2018), and the third by the weakening of a strategy (2019–2023). An analysis of this trajectory provides a better understanding of the importance of this list and the challenges it faces today, in a context where some of the key issues of research evaluation and scientific integrity are being called into question.
To See the Kingdom Through a New Lens
Authors: Foley Sean 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Despite the recent boom in Saudi Arabia’s film industry, scholarly literature addressing the topic remains limited. This article fills the gap by drawing on my extensive research of the Saudi film industry, which has made innovative contributions to rethinking how we approach Saudi film and the Kingdom’s culture more broadly. Here I include interviews conducted in Saudi Arabia and Japan between October 2023 and May 2024. Among the individuals interviewed were leading film professionals, key figures in Film AlUla and other new Saudi film institutions, and a Saudi partner in Japan’s anime industry—many of whose perspectives have not been included in previous scholarly works. In addition, I discuss Mandoob and other recent Saudi films. Ultimately, I aim to provide a fresh vision of the industry’s history, its recent achievements and the factors shaping its future.
Describing Seasonal Mixtures of Cloud Regimes via “Regimes of Regimes”
Authors: Cho Nayeong , Oreopoulos Lazaros , Lee Dongmin , Tan Jackson , Jin Daeho 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We propose a new type of cloud classification, relevant to monthly or longer time scales, but which inherently still encompasses cloud subgrid variability information at ∼100-km scales. Our proposed classification partitions the frequencies of occurrence over these scales of previously defined cloud regimes (CRs). We call the resulting distinct cloud entities regimes of regimes (RORs). While the CRs have been previously shown to successfully classify daily mesoscale subgrid variability via distributions of cloud fraction within distinct combinations of cloud-top pressure and cloud optical thickness, the RORs essentially represent the prevalent seasonal mixtures of these CRs. RORs thus embody the seasonal cloudiness of a mesoscale region. We show that each ROR can still be associated with more traditional cloud classifications via composites of coincident active (lidar and cloud radar) cloud views. In a first application that gauges the potential utility of RORs, we pair them with Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System Energy Balanced and Filled (CERES EBAF) radiative fluxes to gain insight into recent trends of the cloud radiative effect. The ROR corresponding to an environment of shallow convection stands out in this analysis largely because of its declining population. Our study demonstrates the potential of RORs to categorize globally mesoscale cloudiness at monthly/seasonal scales and to serve as proxies of different atmospheric states at these scales.
Meteorologically Related Factors Leading to the 2008, 2018, and 2019 Major Spring Floods in the Transboundary Saint John River (Wolastoq) Basin
Authors: Rickard Lisa J. , Déry Stephen J. , Stewart Ronald E. , Thériault Julie M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The flood-prone Saint John River (SJR, Wolastoq), which lies within a drainage basin of 55 110 km2, flows a length of 673 km from its source in northern Maine, United States, to its mouth in southern New Brunswick, Canada. Major industries in the basin include forestry, agriculture, and hydroelectric power. During the 1991–2020 reference period, the SJR basin (SJRB) experienced major spring flood events in 2008, 2018, and 2019. As part of the Saint John River Experiment on Cold Season Storms, the objective of this research is to characterize and contrast these three major spring flood events. Given that the floods all occurred during spring, the hypothesis being tested is that rapid snowmelt alone is the dominant driver of flooding in the SJRB. There were commonalities and differences regarding the contributing factors of the three flood years. When averaged across the upper basin, they showed consistency in terms of positive winter and spring total precipitation anomalies, positive snow water equivalent anomalies, and steep increases in April cumulative runoff. Rain-on-snow events were a prominent feature of all three flood years. However, differences between flood years were also evident, including inconsistencies with respect to ice jams and high tides. Certain factors were present in only one or two of the three flood years, including positive total precipitation anomalies in spring, positive heavy liquid precipitation anomalies in spring, positive heavy solid precipitation anomalies in winter, and positive temperature anomalies in spring. The dominant factor contributing to peak water levels was rapid snowmelt.
Functioning, disability, and health of individuals with Hikikomori (prolonged social withdrawal) and their families: A systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies
Authors: Nonaka Shunsuke , Kubo Hiroaki , Takeda Tomoya , Sakai Motohiro 
Published: January 2025

Background: Currently, paradoxical findings exist regarding the level of functioning in individuals with Hikikomori (prolonged social withdrawal). Aims: This systematic review aimed to clarify the functioning, disability, and health of individuals with Hikikomori and their families in comparison to those without Hikikomori. Method: Relevant studies were searched from April 22 to 25, 2022, using MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, and two Japanese databases. Functions were categorized into ‘body functions”; “structure”; and “activity and participation’, which were further classified into subcategories. Results: Of the 8,181 studies screened, 24 studies with 1,769 individuals with Hikikomori were included. Twelve, three, and four indicators from six studies on depression and anxiety, three on addiction, and two on thought problem symptoms, respectively, were higher in the Hikikomori group than in the comparison group, with at least moderate effect sizes. Three indicators from three studies on interpersonal relationships were worse in the Hikikomori group, with at least moderate effect sizes. The meta-analyses showed that internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms, and thought disorders were significantly higher in the Hikikomori group than those in the comparison group with moderate-to-high effect sizes. Contrastingly, communication/interpersonal interactions were significantly lower in the Hikikomori group than those in the comparison group. No significant differences were observed in daily life/social life and the families’ communication/interpersonal interactions and relationship. Conclusions: The study limitations include a high risk of bias and heterogeneity. Overall, individuals with Hikikomori often have impaired mental and interpersonal interaction functions; thus, comorbidities of this condition should be carefully assessed. PROSPERO: CRD42022320592.
2024 British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH) UK national guideline on the management of vulval conditions
Authors: Edwards Sarah K , Lewis Fiona , Fernando Imali , Haddon Lisa , Grover Deepa 
Published: January 2025

Background The management of vulval disorders in Genitourinary Medicine (GUM) clinics requires targeted approaches due to the wide range of conditions affecting the vulva. Vulval diseases encompass various aetiologies, including dermatoses, pain syndromes, and pre-malignant conditions, necessitating specialized care often involving multidisciplinary collaboration. Purpose This guideline aims to provide evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of specific vulval conditions that may present in GUM clinics. The focus is on conditions commonly managed by Genitourinary Physicians, either independently or in partnership with other specialists, depending on available local expertise. Additionally, guidance on onward referral is included to ensure optimal patient care. Study Sample The guideline primarily addresses the management of individuals aged 16 years and older presenting to GUM clinics with non-infective vulval conditions. Data Collection Recommendations within this guideline are derived from a review of existing literature, clinical expertise, and consensus among specialists. Emphasis is placed on diagnostic tests and treatment regimens tailored to the following conditions: Lichen sclerosus, Lichen planus, Eczema, Lichen simplex, Psoriasis, Vulval high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (previously vulval intraepithelial neoplasia), Vulval pain syndromes, and Non-sexually acquired acute genital ulceration (Ulcer of Lipschütz). Conclusions This guideline offers practical recommendations for the effective management of specific vulval disorders in GUM settings. It is not intended to be a comprehensive review of all vulval diseases but rather a focused resource to assist clinicians in providing high-quality, patient-centred care. Onward referral pathways are also outlined to support collaborative and multidisciplinary management of complex cases.
The prevalence of hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome at a gender-affirming primary care clinic
Authors: Stein Theo , Collins Shannon , St. Louis Joshua 
Published: January 2025

Objective: This study utilized a sample of trangender, nonbinary, and gender-diverse (TGD) patients to build on emerging literature that suggests that hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome may be overrepresented in TGD populations. The objective of this retrospective chart review was to determine the prevalence of hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome syndrome at a gender-affirming primary care clinic. Methods: A retrospective chart review of medical records was conducted with records between May 2021 and June 2024. Eligible participants were active patients at the gender-affirming primary care clinic, who were over the age of 16, were TGD, and had a diagnosis of hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome. Of 2180 patients over the age of 16, 59 patients met the criteria. The primary outcome was the prevalence of hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome in the sample, summarized by frequency and percentage. Secondary outcomes were the prevalence of associated clinical features within the sample of TGD patients with hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome. Results: The prevalence of hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome syndrome was 2.7%. Within the sample of patients with hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, 81.4% were found to have diagnoses of anxiety, depression, or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, 50.8% had a history of migraines or dysautonomia, 39.0% had a history of gastroesophageal reflux disease, irritable bowel syndrome, nausea, diarrhea, or gastroparesis, 16.9% had history of mast cell activation disorder, 32.2% had postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, 30.5% had dysmenorrhea, 83.1% reported chronic pain, and 44.1% reported chronic fatigue. Conclusions: We found that 2.7% of the 2180 patients had a diagnosis of hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome syndrome. The sample had notably high rates of medical comorbidities as well as anxiety, depression, or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, consistent with emerging research. The results support the intersecting psychological and healthcare vulnerabilities of TGD patients with hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome. Further research in this intersection could support mitigation of health care disparities that affect TGD patients with hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome syndrome.
Virtual horizons: Enhancing rehabilitation of neuromuscular diseases through virtual reality and gamification
Authors: Calderone Andrea , Latella Desirèe , De Luca Rosaria , Gangemi Antonio , Impellizzeri Federica , de Pasquale Paolo , Corallo Francesco , Manuli Alfredo , Quartarone Angelo , Portaro Simona , Calabrò Rocco Salvatore 
Published: January 2025

Background Neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) encompass a diverse range of disorders that impair muscle function, often leading to progressive weakness and loss of independence. Objective This systematic review aims to synthesize research on how virtual reality (VR) and gamified rehabilitation approaches enhance patient engagement and outcomes, ultimately reshaping rehabilitation practices for individuals with NMDs. Methods Studies were identified from an online search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases with a search time range from 2014 to 2024. This review has been registered on Open OSF (n) RCNHE. Results Robotics, VR, and biofeedback, in turn, enriched by gamification, represent the improvement of motor function, motivation, and psychosocial well-being within rehabilitation concerning NMDs. Using emerging technologies seems promising to improve engagement, delay functional decline, and enhance quality of life. Conclusions This systematic review identified that VR and gamification provide the potential to enhance rehabilitation outcomes in patients suffering from NMDs. The future will doubtless have more subjects included and optimization of interventions to best personalize treatments, hence best practice recommendations can be made towards wider clinical implementations.