bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic analysis of hybrid two-stage CO2 mechanical compression–ejector cooling cycle
Authors: Ierin Volodymyr , Chen Guangming , Hao Xinyue , Volovyk Oleksii 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn the present study, the main results of thermodynamic analysis of the hybrid two-stage carbon dioxide (CO2) transcritical mechanical compression–ejector cooling cycle using R245ca are provided. In the proposed cycle, an increase in the energy efficiency of a mechanical compression refrigeration machine (MCRM) is provided by additional supercooling of CO2 after the gas cooler due to the use of cold obtained in an ejector cooling machine (ECM). The ECM uses part of the superheated vapor heat after the high-pressure compressor and the intermediate pressure heat after the low-pressure compressor. This solution provides intermediate cooling of CO2 vapor without using an external cooling medium. The proposed method of computation makes it possible to determine the optimal parameters of the hybrid cooling cycle for the design conditions, ensuring the maximum possible MCRM efficiency. At the same time, the method considers the need to determine the optimal gas cooler pressure – a parameter that has a significant impact on efficiency growth. The effect of the intermediate pressure is extremely insignificant and is defined as the geometric mean value of the product of the gas cooler and evaporator pressures. The results show an increase in efficiency of the two-stage CO2 MCRM by up to 31.6% at high temperatures of the environment. In addition, as a result of the exergy analysis, components have been identified, the improvement of which can lead to an additional increase in the efficiency of the entire system. As follows from the data obtained, the greatest attention should be paid to improving the ejector and reducing throttle losses in the CO2 cycle.
Perioperative use of gabapentinoids in pediatric patients
Authors: Burjek Nicholas E. , Hafeman Michael , Guthrie David , Desai Amruta , Jin Zhaosheng , Brockel Megan , Moore Robert 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEffective management of pediatric perioperative pain is typically goal-directed and multimodal, requiring various imperfect agents in combination to provide analgesia and support recovery. Gabapentinoids are one such class of agents often used in pediatric analgesic and enhanced recovery pathways. In adults, gabapentinoids have been associated with a modest reduction in pain scores but are often avoided due to undesired side effects. Children may be less susceptible to these unwanted effects, and the reduction in pain, agitation, and post-operative nausea and vomiting seen with these medications may confer significant benefit. While further studies are needed, to date there is no evidence to suggest a significantly increased risk of adverse effects in generally healthy children treated with gabapentinoids in the perioperative period. Although current evidence does not support their indiscriminate use, there appears to be a subset of pediatric surgical patients who stand to benefit from perioperative gabapentinoids. Pediatric use should not be abandoned, but rather further investigated to support thoughtful goal-directed application.
Graphical Abstract
Predicting risk of postpartum hemorrhage using machine learning approach: A systematic review
Authors: Ranjbar Amene , Rezaei Ghamsari Sepideh , Boujarzadeh Banafsheh , Mehrnoush Vahid , Darsareh Fatemeh 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundPostpartum hemorrhage (PPH) could be avoided by identifying high-risk women. The objective of this systematic review is to determine PPH predictors using machine learning(ML) approaches.MethodThis strategy included searching for studies from inception through November 2022 through the database included: Cochrane Central Register, PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, ProQuest, Scopus, WOS, IEEE Xplore, and the Google Scholar database. The search methodology employed the PICO framework (population, intervention, control, and outcomes). In this study, “P” represents PPH populations, “I” represents the ML approach as intervention, “C” represents the traditional statistical analysis approach as control, and “O” represents prediction and diagnosis outcomes. The quality assessment of each included study was performed using the PROBAST methodology.ResultsThe initial search strategy resulted in 2048 citations, which were subsequently refined by removing duplicates and irrelevant studies. Ultimately, four studies were deemed eligible for inclusion in the review. Among these studies, three were classified as having a low risk of bias, while one was considered to have a low to moderate risk of bias. A total of 549 unique variables were identified as candidate predictors from the included studies. Nine distinct models were chosen as ML algorithms from the four studies. Each of the four studies employed different metrics, such as the area under the curve, false positive rate, false negative rate, and sensitivity, to report the accuracy of their models. The ML models exhibited varying accuracies, with the area under the curve (AUC) ranging from 0.706 to 0.979. Several weighted predictors were identified as significant factors in PPH risk prediction. These included pre-pregnancy maternal weight, maternal weight at the time of admission, fetal macrosomia, gestational age, level of hematocrit at the time of admission, shock index, frequency of contractions during labor, white blood cell count, pregnancy-induced hypertension, the weight of the newborn, duration of the second stage of labor, amniotic fluid index, body mass index, and cesarean delivery before labor. These factors were determined to have a notable influence on the prediction of PPH risk.ConclusionThe findings from ML models used to predict PPH are highly encouraging.
Use of Cognitive Aids to Augment Point of Care Hemorrhage Control Skills in Laypersons
Authors: Dadario Nicholas B. , Shleiwet Nicholas H. , Santana Felipes Rachel C. , Cook Brennan , Cooney Joseph V. , Stephenson Karen M. , Elsmore Michelle , Jafri Farrukh N. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjective:The Stop the Bleed course aims to improve bystander hemorrhage control skills and may be improved with point-of-care aids. We sought to create and examine a variety of cognitive aids to identify an optimal method to augment bystander hemorrhage control skills in an emergency scenario.Methods:Randomized trial of 346 college students. Effects of a visual or visual-audio aid on hemorrhage control skills were assessed through randomization into groups with and without prior training or familiarization with aids compared with controls. Tourniquet placement, wound packing skills, and participant comfortability were assessed during a simulated active shooter scenario.Results:A total of 325 (94%) participants were included in the final analyses. Participants who had attended training (odds ratio [OR], 12.67;P= 9.3 × 10−11), were provided a visual-audio aid (OR, 1.96;P= 0.04), and were primed on their aid (OR, 2.23;P= 0.01) were superior in tourniquet placement with less errors (P< 0.05). Using an aid did not improve wound packing scores compared with bleeding control training alone (P> 0.05). Aid use improved comfortability and likelihood to intervene emergency hemorrhage scenarios (P< 0.05).Conclusions:Using cognitive aids can improve bystander hemorrhage control skills with the strongest effects if they were previously trained and used an aid which combined visual and audio feedback that they were previously introduced to during the course training.
Endangered maritime archaeology in North Africa – the MarEA Project
Authors: Nikolaus Julia , Westley Kieran , Breen Colin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIncreasing pressure – such as from conflict, climate change and urbanisation – on maritime cultural heritage in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) led to the establishment of the Maritime Endangered Archaeology (MarEA) Project in 2019. This five-year programme aims to assess rapidly and comprehensively the vulnerability of maritime and coastal heritage in the MENA region and assist in its management in the face of the aforementioned challenges. The two case studies discussed in this article highlight some of the main aspects of MarEA's current work in North Africa by focusing on two different aspects of the methodological approach used: first, the generalised but comprehensive damage and threat assessment, as applied to all sites, and demonstrated for the historic port of Suakin (Sudan); second, site-specific shoreline change assessment for the purpose of assessing the impact of coastal erosion, as demonstrated for the World Heritage Site of Sabratha (Libya).
Truth without truths: Grim's Cantorian paradox and the ontology of the objects of omniscience
Authors: Catterson Troy T. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractI argue that Grim's diagonalization argument against the possibility of omniscience is not sound by arguing that the properties of being a proposition or a truth are not legitimate sortal properties. Thus, the fact that there can be no set corresponding to the extension of these properties does not imply that there is no completed totality of the things possessing it. First, I demonstrate that a correspondence theory of truth implies that propositions are non-linguistic representations of a type that resist determinate and uniform individuation into units and allow for arbitrary division into parts that are also propositions. The property is, therefore, an abstract mass property with no determinate cardinality of individuals that possess it. I then sketch a new theory of omniscience with this as its basis.
Predictors of executive function trajectories in adolescents with and without ADHD: Links with academic outcomes
Authors: Shroff Delshad M. , Dunn Nicholas C. , Green Cathrin D. , Breaux Rosanna , Becker Stephen P. , Langberg Joshua M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractChanges in executive function (EF) occur during adolescence with several factors (e.g., parenting styles, socioeconomic status) influencing the development of EF abilities. These changes are important as EF has been strongly linked with a range of outcomes including academic achievement, job performance, and social–emotional well-being. However, few studies have examined variability in EF trajectories during this critical developmental period, or trajectories in samples known to have specific impairments with EF, such as adolescents diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The present study examined differential trajectories of three domains of parent-rated EF in 302 adolescents (167 males; Mage = 13.17 years) with and without ADHD (53.6% with ADHD) from grade 8 to 10. The study also explored whether adolescent ADHD, parent ADHD, and parents’ own EF predicted EF trajectories in addition to the longitudinal relation between trajectories and academic outcomes. Findings suggest that adolescence is marked by significant variability in EF development due to factors such as ADHD status, parent ADHD, and parent EF ability. Additionally, adolescents who displayed poor EF abilities throughout middle and high school had significantly lower grade point averages and poorer parent-, teacher-, and self-reported academic outcomes. Implications for interventions targeting EF deficits among adolescents with and without ADHD are discussed.
What are the experiences of nurses delivering research studies in primary care?
Authors: Ballintine Azaria , Potter Rachel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground:Clinical research provides evidence to underpin and inform advancements in the quality of care, services and treatments. Primary care research enables the general patient population access and opportunities to engage in research studies. Nurses play an integral role in supporting the delivery of primary care research, but there is limited understanding of nurses’ experiences of this role and how they can be supported to facilitate the delivery of research.Aim:To explore the experiences of nurses delivering research studies in primary care settings.Methods:We identified studies published between 2002 and June 2021 from key electronic databases. A two-level inclusion/exclusion and arbitration process was conducted based on study selection criteria. Data extraction and quality appraisal were performed simultaneously. Data were analysed in the form of a narrative synthesis.Findings:The key themes identified included: (1) what nurses value about primary care research and their motivations for study engagement, (2) the role of nurses in research, (3) working with research teams, (4) study training, (5) eligibility screening, data collection and study documentation, (6) nurse/participant dynamic, (7) gatekeeping, (8) relationships with colleagues and impact on recruitment, (9) time constraints and workload demands, and (10) health and safety.Conclusions:Nurses are integral to the delivery of research studies in primary care settings. The review highlights the importance of good communication by study teams, timely and study-specific training, and support from colleagues to enable nurses to effectively deliver research in primary care.
Nurses’ models of spiritual care: A cross-sectional survey of American nurses
Authors: Mascio Rita , Lynch Sandra , Phillips Jane L. , Hosie Annmarie , Best Megan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesDespite there being many models for how spiritual care should be provided, the way nurses actually provide spiritual care often differs from these models. Based on the premise that the way a person enacts their work role is related to how they understand that role, this study aims to describe the qualitatively different ways that nurses understand their spiritual care role.MethodsA convenience sample of 66 American nurses completed an anonymous, online questionnaire about what spiritual care means for them and what they generally do to provide spiritual care. Their responses were analyzed phenomenographically.ResultsFour qualitatively different ways of understanding emerged: active management of the patient’s experience, responsive facilitation of patient’s wishes, accompaniment on the patient’s dying journey, and empowering co-action with the patient. Each understanding was found to demonstrate a specific combination of 5 attributes that described the spiritual care role: nurse directivity, the cues used for spiritual assessment, and the nurse’s perception of intimacy, the patient, and the task.Significance of resultsThe findings of this study may explain why nurses vary in their spiritual care role and can be used to assess and develop competence in spiritual care.
Performant web-based interactive visualization tool for spatially-resolved transcriptomics experiments
Authors: Sriworarat Chaichontat , Nguyen Annie , Eagles Nicholas J. , Collado-Torres Leonardo , Martinowich Keri , Maynard Kristen R. , Hicks Stephanie C. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
High-resolution and multiplexed imaging techniques are giving us an increasingly detailed observation of a biological system. However, sharing, exploring, and customizing the visualization of large multidimensional images can be a challenge. Here, we introduce Samui, a performant and interactive image visualization tool that runs completely in the web browser. Samui is specifically designed for fast image visualization and annotation and enables users to browse through large images and their selected features within seconds of receiving a link. We demonstrate the broad utility of Samui with images generated with two platforms: Vizgen MERFISH and 10x Genomics Visium Spatial Gene Expression. Samui along with example datasets is available at https://samuibrowser.com.
Exploring Pathways and Obstacles to Well-Being in Victims of Terrorism: A Qualitative Approach
Authors: Pemau Andrés , Marín-Martín Carolina , Hervás Gonzalo , Gómez-Gutiérrez María del Mar , Crespo María 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
On March 11, 2004, Madrid suffered one of the worst terrorist attacks in the history of Spain, leaving more than 190 dead and 2,000 injured. For years, the psychological consequences of the attacks have been studied; however, its long-term effects on symptomatology and especially on well-being remains unknown. This study aims to explore, through a qualitative approach, pathways and obstacles to the well-being of those affected directly or indirectly by the attacks of March 11 in Madrid. Two focus groups were held, one for indirect victims and one for direct victims. Subsequently, a thematic analysis of the materials obtained was carried out. More than 10 years after the attacks, most of the participants reported great difficulty in achieving well-being. Acceptance and victims’ associations seemed to act as key facilitators, while symptoms, political institutions and the media were the main obstacles. Direct and indirect victims presented similar data although aspects such as guilt and family relationships played a different role in their well-being.
Null Effects of Pro-Democracy Speeches by U.S. Republicans in the Aftermath of January 6th
Authors: Wuttke Alexander , Sichart Florian , Foos Florian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHow can political elites strengthen citizen commitment to democratic norms when democracy is under imminent assault? We report results from a pre-registered survey experiment on the persuasive effects of actual speeches given by prominent Republican politicians (Schwarzenegger, McConnell) shortly after the January 2020 insurrection at the U.S. capitol. Although both speeches were widely considered effective at the time, in a survey experiment among Republican voters, we find no impact of one-time exposure to these speeches on the endorsement of democracy, the acceptance of election losses, the rejection of political violence, or the relevance of democratic norms in hypothetical vote choices.
Phanerozoic Tectonic and Sedimentation History of the Arctic: Constraints From Deep‐Time Low‐Temperature Thermochronology Data of Ellesmere Island and Northwest Greenland
Authors: Spiegel Cornelia , Sohi Mohammad S. , Reiter Wolfgang , Meier Katrin , Ventura Barbara , Lisker Frank , Estrada Solveig , Piepjohn Karsten , Berglar Kai , Koglin Nikola , Klügel Andreas , Monien Patrick , Gerdes Axel , Linnemann Ulf 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRocks exposed along both sides of the Smith Sound in Ellesmere Island and NW Greenland record the tectono‐sedimentary evolution of the whole Phanerozoic, including two periods of mountain building—the Palaeozoic Ellesmerian Orogeny and the Palaeogene Eurekan Orogeny—and the formation of two major sedimentary basins, the Franklinian and the Sverdrup Basins. We used geo‐ and thermochronology and apatite chemistry data to unravel this evolution. Apatite fission track and (U‐Th)/He dates vary strongly from >600 to <100 Ma. We present internally consistent thermal history models, which allow to explain the data variations by a unitized exhumation and burial history. Our models suggest that the cratonic areas were buried beneath a several km‐thick succession of Franklinian Basin deposits. During the Ellesmerian Orogeny, the craton acted as sediment source, as also suggested by the composition of apatite and by U‐Pb ages of zircon contained in Devonian foreland sediments. The Ellesmerian foreland was buried by up to 4–5 km thick strata on top of the preserved sedimentary rocks. During the Triassic, the Sverdrup Basin strongly widened and extended at least ∼370 km further toward the east, as compared with previous reconstructions of the basin based on the preservation of Triassic deposits. Thermal history modeling suggests Late Cretaceous to early Cenozoic reheating, which may be caused by deposition associated with the Eurekan Orogeny and/or enhanced heat flow associated with continental breakup. Our data also show that low‐temperature thermochronology is not suitable for resolving potential strike‐slip movements along the Wegener Fault.
A Lagrangian Estimate of the Mediterranean Outflow's Origin
Authors: Vecchioni G. , Cessi P. , Pinardi N. , Rousselet Louise , Trotta F. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe origin of the Mediterranean Outflow is investigated by deploying six millions virtual Lagrangian parcels at the Strait of Gibraltar, and tracing them backward in time using velocity estimates from an eddy‐permitting reanalysis. The Lagrangian parcels are followed until they intercept one of three sections. The hypothesis is that each section is associated with distinct water masses: the Gulf of Lions, related to Western Mediterranean Deep Water and Western Intermediate Water, carries 86% of the Outflow's transport; the Northern Tyrrhenian, related to Tyrrhenian Deep and Intermediate Waters, carries 1% of the transport; the Strait of Sicily, related to Levantine Intermediate Waters, carries 13% of the transport. The median transit times from the sections to the Strait of Gibraltar range from 5 years (Gulf of Lions) to 8 years (Strait of Sicily).
WWLLN Energetic Lightning Events Are Different From Optical Superbolts
Authors: Peterson Michael 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe most powerful optical emissions from lightning have been described as “superbolts” since the 1970s. Holzworth et al. (2019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019jd030975) recently applied the superbolt label to the most energetic Radio Frequency emissions recorded by the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN). We compare the WWLLN energies to optical measurements by the photodiode detector on the Fast On‐orbit Recording of Transient Events satellite and the Geostationary Lightning Mappers on NOAA's Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites to assess whether these energetic WWLLN events coincide with optical superbolts. We find no overlap between optical and WWLLN superbolts. Moreover, extreme WWLLN events occur in a contrasting meteorological context to optical superbolts. Despite similarities in their overall global patterns of occurrence, WWLLN superbolts correspond to a different phenomenon.
Engineering prostate cancer in vitro: what does it take?
Authors: Buskin Adriana , Scott Emma , Nelson Ryan , Gaughan Luke , Robson Craig N. , Heer Rakesh , Hepburn Anastasia C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA key challenge in the clinical management and cause of treatment failure of prostate cancer (PCa) is its molecular, cellular and clinical heterogeneity. Modelling systems that fully recapitulate clinical diversity and resistant phenotypes are urgently required for the development of successful personalised PCa therapies. The advent of the three-dimensional (3D) organoid model has revolutionised preclinical cancer research through reflecting heterogeneity and offering genomic and environmental manipulation that has opened up unparalleled opportunities for applications in disease modelling, high-throughput drug screening and precision medicine. Despite these remarkable achievements of organoid technology, several shortcomings in emulating the complex tumor microenvironment and dynamic process of metastasis as well as the epigenome profile limit organoids achieving true in vivo functionality. Technological advances in tissue engineering have enabled the development of innovative tools to facilitate the design of improved 3D cancer models. In this review, we highlight the current in vitro 3D PCa models with a special focus on organoids and discuss engineering approaches to create more physiologically relevant PCa organoid models and maximise their translational relevance that ultimately will help to realise the transformational power of precision medicine.