bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultra-Wideband Multi-Octave Planar Interconnect for Multi-Band THz Communications
Authors: Iwamatsu Shuya , Ali Muhsin , Fernández-Estévez José Luis , Tebart Jonas , Kumar Ashish , Makhlouf Sumer , Carpintero Guillermo , Stöhr Andreas 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
An ultra-wideband (UWB) interconnect technology using indium phosphide (InP)-based transitions for coupling the output signals from terahertz (THz) photodiodes featuring coplanar waveguide (CPW) outputs to low-loss dielectric rod waveguides (DRWs), is presented. The motivation is to exploit the full bandwidth offered by THz photodiodes without limitations due to standard rectangular waveguide interfaces, e.g., for future high data rate THz communications. Full electromagnetic wave simulations are carried out to optimize the electrical performance of the proposed InP transitions in terms of operational bandwidth and coupling efficiency. The transitions are fabricated on 100-µm thin InP and integrated with silicon (Si) DRWs. Experimental frequency domain characterizations demonstrate efficient THz signal coupling with a maximum coupling efficiency better than -2 dB. The measured 3-dB and 6-dB operational bandwidths of 185 GHz and 280 GHz, respectively, prove the multi-octave ultra-wideband features of the developed interconnect technology. The 6-dB operational bandwidth covers all waveguide bands between WR-12 to WR-3, i.e., a frequency range between 60 and 340 GHz. In addition, the multi-octave performances of the fabricated interconnects were successfully exploited in proof-of-concept THz communication experiments. Using intermediate frequency orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), THz communications are demonstrated for several frequency bands using the same interconnect. Considering soft-decision forward error correction, error-free transmission with data rates of 24 Gbps at 80 GHz and 8 Gbps at 310 GHz is achieved.
Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of chalcone: A highly sensitive and selective fluorescent chemosensor for the detection of Fe 3+ in aqueous media
Authors: Khan Salman A. , Alam Md. Zafer , Mohasin Md. , Ahmad Suhail , Salma Umme , Parveen Humaira , Mukhtar Sayeed , Al-Anazi Menier , Alotaibi Fatimah A. , Abdelaziz Mahmoud A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The chalcone compound DHPO was synthesized through a chemical reaction between 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-ethanone and 3,4-dimethoxy benzaldehyde under ultrasound irradiation. The interaction between the DHPO compound and several metal ions was studied using fluorescence behavior, revealing that the chalcone function as a “turn on and turn off” switch fluorescent sensor, for selectively and sensitively detecting Fe3+ ions. The process of fluorescence quenching and complexation of DHPO with Fe3+ ion was further studied using methods such as Benesi-Hildebrand, Stern-Volmer plot, and job plot.
The effect of chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia improving liver damage in metabolic syndrome rats through ferritinophagy
Authors: Cui Fang , Mi Haichao , Wang Ruotong , Du Yutao , Li Fan , Chang Shiyang , Su Yangchen , Liu Aijing , Shi Min 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background and aim
Studies have confirmed that hepatic iron overload is one of the important factors causing liver damage in metabolic syndrome (MS). As a special form of autophagy, ferritinophagy is involved in the regulation of iron metabolism. Our previous studies have shown that chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIHH) can improve the iron metabolism disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate how CIHH improves liver damage through ferritinophagy in rats with MS.
Methods
Male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 8–10 weeks were randomly divided into four groups: control (CON), CIHH (exposed to hypoxia at simulated altitude of 5000 meters for 28 days, 6 hours daily), MS model (induced by 16-week high fat diet and 10% fructose water feeding) and MS + CIHH (exposed to CIHH after 16-week MS inducement) groups. Liver index, liver function, iron content, tissue morphology, ferritinophagy, ferroptosis and iron metabolism related protein expression were measured, and the ferritinophagy flux in liver was further analyzed.
Results
Compared with CON rats, MS rats had increased liver index, damaged liver tissue morphology and function, increased total iron and free iron content, disrupted iron metabolism, significantly increased oxidative stress indicators in the liver, significantly increased expression of ferroptosis-related proteins, reduced expression of nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) and ferritinophagy flux. After CIHH treatment, the degree of liver damage and various abnormal indicators in MS rats were significantly improved.
Conclusions
CIHH may improve liver damage by promoting NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy, reducing iron overload, and alleviating ferroptosis in MS rats.
Genetic diversity of kale (Brassica oleracea L. var acephala) using agro-morphological and SSR markers
Authors: Pipan Barbara , Neji Mohamed , Meglič Vladimir , Sinkovič Lovro 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Kale (Brassica oleracea. acephala) is a nutrient-rich green leafy vegetable consumed as food and used in traditional medicine worldwide. An essential step in describing the available genetic resources and ensuring their effective use in breeding programs is to characterize the genetic diversity of available germplasm. In this study, the genetic diversity and structure of 26 kale accessions from South-East Europe were examined using 26 agro-morphological traits collected in the field and 12 SSR markers. Considerable agro-morphological variability was found in most quantitative (CV = 17.26–42.42%) and qualitative (H' = 0.61–1.79) traits. Multifactorial analysis (MFA) showed that country of origin (33.01%) and morphotype (32.30%) significantly influenced kale diversification. Leaf blade shape (20.62%), leaf incision (19.43%), anthocyanin distribution (16.43%), and leaf colour (15.55%) were the traits that most clearly differentiated accessions. The three common commercial kale varieties were identified as independent outliers that differed from the other kale accessions in both MFA and UPGMA clustering analysis. The SSR markers were highly informative with 108 alleles and polymorphic information content ranging from 0.395 to 0.856. Strong genetic diversity was detected at the accession level (H' = 0.58) while genetic differentiation was low (Fst = 0.05). Similar to UPGMA clustering, Bayesian clustering suggests that the kale collection can be divided into four clusters with a high degree of admixture and no geographic grouping pattern is apparent. Overall, the study showed that the kale collection studied represents a valuable reservoir of genetic and agro-morphological variability that could be used for future breeding initiatives.
Lap. Nissen Fundoplication leads to better respiratory Symptom Control than Toupet in the long-term of 20 years
Authors: Gehwolf Philipp , Agerer Teresa , Stacul Nadine , Kienzl-Wagner Katrin , Schäfer Aline , Berchtold Valeria , Cakar-Beck Fergül , Elisabeth Gasser , Wykypiel Heinz 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction:
Since we are performing anti-reflux surgery for thirty years, it was worth re-examining our patients on the long-term to enlarge the body of evidence, if classical and extraesophageal symptoms are differently controlled by Nissen- or Toupet Fundoplication.
Objectives:
We report a cohort of 155 GERD patients who underwent fundoplication within a tailored approach between 1994-2000. Alterations in the perioperative functional outcome, GERD symptoms and quality of life are analyzed 10 and 20 years after the operation.
Results:
The operation resulted in a superior quality of life compared to a patient cohort treated with PPI therapy. We found that both surgical methods (laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication and laparoscopic Toupet fundoplication) cure classical symptoms equally (heartburn, regurgitation and dysphagia). However, GERD patients receiving a Toupet fundoplication are more likely to suffer from extraesophageal GERD symptoms 10 and 20 years after surgery than patients with a Nissen fundoplication. However, some patients with Nissen fundoplication report dysphagia even 10 and 20 years after surgery.
Conclusion:
The laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication seems to be superior in controlling extraesophageal reflux symptoms but at the expense of dysphagia. In summary, tailoring the operation based on symptoms seems to be advantageous.
Regulation, Taxation, and Economic Development
Authors: McDermott John , Sáenz Luis Felipe 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this paper we construct a model with increasing returns stemming from product variety to explore the different effects of regulations and taxes on economic development, real activity, and growth. Regulations raise fixed and variable costs, while taxes primarily increase variable costs. This is important because fixed costs determine the extent of specialization, which in our model plays an important role in human capital accumulation and development. Given the choice, taxation is preferred to regulation, because of regulation's negative effects on the growth of human capital. Empirical tests using panel data across countries provide support for the theory. (JEL Codes: O41, O33, O14, E24, E23)
Lost at sea: interference with navigational senses and failed social route learning may drive offshore vagrancy in passerines
Authors: Brooks William E. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background Migratory birds possess remarkable navigational adaptations. Vagrants, few individuals who migrate to incorrect locations, offer a unique opportunity to study how navigation is accomplished. Vagrancy may occur due to external factors forcing birds off course, such as strong wings, or navigational errors. Natural disruptions in the Earth’s magnetic field may cause navigational errors interfering with bird magnetoreception. Failures of other navigation tools like visual landmark recognition and social route learning may also contribute to vagrancy, but these factors are difficult to quantify.Methods I used eBird, a community science dataset comprising millions of bird observations, to study the relative likelihood of offshore vagrancy under different external factors including weather, geomagnetic disturbance, and solar activity using mixed effects logistic regression. Then, I studied how variation in species vagrancy propensity is be driven by morphology and migration distance using multiple linear regression, or inheritances of vagrancy alleles with phylogenetic analysis.Results High geomagnetic disturbance and low visibility increased offshore vagrancy, and winds did not appear to blow birds off course. Most variation in offshore vagrancy stemmed species specific differences, best explained by an interaction between wing pointedness and migration. A longer migration distance was strongly correlated with increased vagrancy in birds with rounded wings, but the relationship was absent in birds with a pointed wing shape. Brown-headed Cowbirds were notably more prone to vagrancy than any other passerine.Conclusions External factors primarily cause vagrancy by interfering with magnetic and visual senses, rather than physically forcing birds off course. Species with longer migrations have more time to encounter these vagrancy causing events, but a more pointed wing shape may allow birds to reorient more efficiently. While migration routes are primarily genetic in passerines, I found evidence of an overlooked role of social learning in route inheritance. I contend that as a brood parasite, solitary juvenile Brown-headed Cowbirds experience more difficulty in joining migratory flocks, thus missing out on social route learning opportunities. These results clarify the relative role of different navigational adaptations in migratory birds and demonstrate the utility of studying vagrants to understand bird migration.
Characterizing non-governmental organizations and local government collaborations in urban forest management across Canada
Authors: Doucet Tyler , Duinker Peter , Charles John , Steenberg James , Zurba Melanie 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Urban forests are being threatened by rapid urbanization, biodiversity crises, and climate variability. In response, governments are increasingly collaborating with the public for solutions to these mounting challenges. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are dominant players in these collaborations because of their ability to deliver on communities’ environmental issues. Despite their growing visibility in forest management, there is a lack of attention directed to the forms of NGO relationships and their range of collaborative activities. This study focuses on addressing these gaps and examining collaborations between local governments and NGOs in urban forest programming by characterizing their components including mandates, relationship ties, accountability, resource exchange, and power dynamics. We collected data using semi-structured interviews with three groups: leaders of NGOs, municipal government officials in an urban forest or public works departments, and urban-forest experts who have observed their interactions. The participants represent 32 individuals in nine Canadian cities. Our results indicate that NGO-government collaborations have relational ties and accountability processes that are both formal and informal in nature; however, formality in collaborations is associated with the amount of funding, proximity to government, or size of the NGO. Additionally, our findings suggest that NGOs present an opportunity to local governments to supplement their resources and capacity. While the strength and formality of collaborations may be a product of NGO size and budgets, public servants should hesitate to engage smaller, grassroots NGOs to realize their public service mandates. Characterizing the components of these governance processes provides a benchmark for practitioners participating in similar public-civic interactions and arms them with the knowledge to navigate collaborative decision-making.
Bleomycin alters intratumoral immune response of EBV-associated gastric cancer by ENTPD8 and PCOLCE2
Authors: Chen Long 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background EBV-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) with high PD-L1 level, is most likely to be the next subgroup benefited from immunotherapy. However, complicated with histological and aetiological heterogeneity, tolerance persists which was usually alleviated by clinical adjuvant chemotherapy (bleomycin). Identifying biomarkers of intratumoral immune response was critical for further understanding the direct mechanism of immunotherapy effectiveness. Method Firstly, to identify gene sets involved in both GC tumorigenesis and EBV infection, a transcriptome sequencing data (GSE51575) was collected for different expression gene (DEG) screening and functional enrichment analysis. Through constructing a prognostic model based on 25 repeated DEGs and evaluating immune correlations subsequently, the influence of ENTPD8 and PCOLCE2 in prognosis and immunotherapy was confirmed. In addition, the binding energy between bleomycin and targets was calculated based on hydrogen bond. Result A total of 572 down- and 162 up-regulated genes in normal tissue vs. GC tissue while 196 down- and 240 up-regulated genes in EBVnGC vs. EBVaGC were detected with logFC ≥ 2 and p-value ≤ 0.05. Among them, ENTPD8 and PCOLCE2 were reduced in EBVaGC which was associated with prognosis significantly and mediated dysregulation of immune response inversely. Besides, the expression trends of ENTPD8 (positive) and PCOLCE2 (negative) were also opposite when binding to bleomycin with the most stable binding energy-4.589 kcal/mol and − 4.025 kcal/mol, respectively. Conclusion Summarily, the improvement of immunotherapy caused by bleomycin as an adjuvant chemotherapy drug may mainly depend on the fluctuation of intratumoral immune response in EBVaGC mediated by the expression of ENTPD8 and PCOLCE2.
Sarcosine dehydrogenase as an immune infiltration-associated biomarker for the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Xie Haixiang , YANG KEJIAN , QIN CHONGJIU , ZHOU XIN , LIU JUNQI , NONG JUSEN , LUO JIANZHU , WEI YONGGUANG , HUA HUASHENG , HAN CHUANGYE , LIAO XIWEN , YANG CHENGKUN , SU HAO , ZHU GUANGZHI , YE XINPING , PENG TAO 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

This study was aimed to investigate the prognostic value and clinical significance of sarcosine dehydrogenase (SARDH) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to explore the underlying mechanisms. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), HPA and CPTAC databases were adopted to analyze the expression of SARDH mRNA and protein between normal liver tissue and HCC, and examine their relationship with clinicopathological features. Kaplan-Meier analysis, Cox regression, as well as nomogram were adopted to explore the prognostic value of SARDH in HCC. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Gene and Genome Encyclopedia (KEGG) together with Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were adopted to analyze the molecular mechanisms and biological functions of SARDH in HCC; while MethSurv, STRING, GeneMANIA, TIMER database data and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) algorithm were used for other bioinformatic analysis. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry was used to verify the expression of SARDH. Compared to normal liver tissue, SARDH expression was markedly lower in HCC. A lower SARDH expression was linked with Pathologic T stage (T3&T4), pathologic stage (Stage III&IV), and histologic grade (G3&4), which further indicates worse prognosis. Besides, results of bioinformatic analysis proved that SARDH expression was correlated with immune infiltration. In addition, SARDH hypermethylation was related to a poorer prognosis. SARDH expression was related to several key genes in the Ferroptosis pathway.
Effect of Cr Content on the High Temperature Oxidation of Low Alloy Steels
Authors: Kwon Gihoon , Park Hyunjun , Choi Byoungho , Lee Young-Kook , Moon Kyoungil 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In the case of low carbon steel (AISI 1015, AISI 8617, AISI 4115 steel), the high-temperature oxidation behavior at different temperatures (600, 700, 800, 900, 1000 ℃) was studied by mass gain analysis, phase analysis (metallographic microscope, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction). The oxidation process was performed from 2 to 100 min. As the oxidation time increased, the trend of mass gain per unit area switched from linear to parabolic law regardless of steel grades used in this study. As the chromium content increases, the duration of time during which the oxidation rate follows a linear relationship decreases. The structure of oxides can generally be classified into two types: outer oxide and inner oxide. The outward diffusion of Fe cations primarily leads to the formation of outer oxide, while the inward diffusion of O anions is responsible for the formation of chromium and inner oxides. In the low-alloy steel with higher chromium content, the thickness of the mixed oxide layer containing Cr increased, and the oxidation rate decreased at all oxidation temperatures.
Design and Preparation Of a Novel Antibacterial Hydrogel Based on Maleimide–Thiol Conjugation
Authors: jiang song , Liu Yue , Wang Taoqing , Luo Yige 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article synthesized and characterized a novel antibacterial hydrogel, which is formed using maleimide–thiol conjugation. Two precursors chitosan functionalized thiol groups and dextran functionalized maleimide groups prepared and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Key features of the hydrogel, such as gelation time, swelling behavior, viscoelastic properties, and degradation rate, were thoroughly examined. From gelation time result, we found that formed hydrogel gelation time could be changed with diffident weight percentage of precursors. Based on references, we found the best formular for the gelation and it was also determined for other studies. The swelling study indicated hydrogel has good flexibility and the degradation test indicated hydrogel is biodegradable. The viscoelastic test indicated hydrogel is an elastic solid. Given these attributes, this novel hydrogel has significant potential for use in various biomedical applications. Finally, colony-counting tests revealed that the hydrogel has an excellent antibacterial ability. Given these attributes, this novel hydrogel has significant potential for use in various biomedical applications.
HH-A, a modified honokiol, protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion induced brain injury in rodent via Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways
Authors: Zhang Yuying , Zhang Pingping , Zhang Xin , Liu Ye 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Honokiol, a bioactive component of Magnolia officinalis, has been shown to protect against ischemic stroke in animal models. However, the poor water solubility of honokiol has hindered its clinical applications. In this study, we introduced a hydrophilic building block on the aromatic ring of honokiol and obtained four new compounds (HH-A, -B, -C and -D) with significantly improved water solubility. We investigated their neuroprotective effects against brain injury in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (tMCAO/R) mouse and rat models. We found that (S)-6-((3',5-diallyl-2,4'-dihydroxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)amino)-6-oxohexane-1,5-diaminium chloride (i.e., HH-A) significantly reduced the infarct volume and edema of the experimental animal brains showing a distinct efficiency comparing to the other three compounds. HH-A also significantly improved neurological deficits in a dose-dependent manner. In the brain of tMCAO/R rat model, treatment with HH-A resulted in significant upregulations of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). HH-A also significantly reduced the up-regulation of 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), a major end-product of oxidation. Further, HH-A treatment reduced the increased expression of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and reverted the reduced expression of Bcl-2, suggesting its anti-apoptotic effect, which is supported by the reduced number of TUNEL positive cells. Collectively, the neuroprotection of HH-A against the brain injury observed in this study may be via targeting the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
Scalable optical convolutional neural network based on free-space optics using lens arrays and a spatial light modulator
Authors: Ju Young-Gu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A scalable optical convolutional neural network (SOCNN) based on free-space optics and Koehler illumination was proposed to address the limitations of the previous 4f correlator system. Unlike Abbe illumination, Koehler illumination provides more uniform illumination and reduces crosstalk. SOCNN allows for scaling up of the input array and the use of incoherent light sources. Hence, the problems associated with 4f correlator systems can be avoided. We analyzed the limitations in scaling the kernel size and parallel throughput and found that SOCNN can offer a multilayer convolutional neural network with massive optical parallelism.