bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Generation of Eocene Mafic Dike Swarms During the Exhumation of a Core Complex, Biarjmand Area, NE Iran
Authors: Azizi Hossein , Daneshvar Narges , Asahara Yoshihiro , Minami Masayo , Anma Ryo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Several swarms of parallel E–W dikes cuts late Neoproterozoic- to early Paleozoic (540 Ma) basement in the Biarjmand area, NE Iran. The microgabbroic to doleritic dike are several hundred meters long and 0.5 to 3 meters wide. U–Pb dating of their zircon grains yields a crystallization age of 46.0 ± 7.1 Ma for the dike swarms. The dikes have SiO2 contents of 46.0–49.3 wt%, and Fe2O3 contents of 9.80–14.8 wt% with variable MgO (4.92–9.16 wt%), TiO2 (1.47–2.65 wt%), and K2O contents (0.33–1.13 wt%). The dikes have low contents of high field strength elements (HFSEs), and have some similarities to transitional mid-ocean ridge basalts (T-MORB) based on their chemical composition. Positive ${\varepsilon}_{Nd}(t)$ values of +5.2 to +6.0 for the dike samples imply that the basaltic magma was generated from depleted lithospheric mantle. After the closure of the Sabzevar ocean and obduction of the large mantle peridotite body over the continental crust in the late Cretaceous-Paleocene, the gravitational instability in the central Iran/Eurasia plate collision zone triggered exhumation of old basement coeval with injection of the mafic magma. During exhumation, mylonitic deformation with brittle-ductile structures affected the basement metagranite and the host rocks. The metagranite and dike swarms cut the Cretaceous Sabzevar ophiolite, and the disparting of ophiolite members probably occurred during basement exhumation in the Cenozoic. The similar ages of the mafic dike swarms and other Eocene magmatic rocks of the Urumiah (Urmia) Dokhtar magmatic arc (UDMA), western Iran, is consistent with a rapid extensional regime over the Sabzevar suture zone on an earlier collision zone in NE Iran. This process provided a suitable setting for the exhumation of the old basement, the emplacement of the parallel dike swarm, and the development of shallow basins in this area.
Hyper-anti-freezing bionic functional surface to −90°C
Authors: Wang Zhaolong , Xie Mingzhu , Guo Qing , Liao Yibo , Zhang Ce , Chen Yongping , Dong Zhichao , Duan Huigao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Freezing phenomenon has troubled people for centuries, and efforts have been made to lower the liquid freezing temperature, raise the surface temperature, or mechanical deicing. Inspired by the elytra of beetle, we demonstrate a novel functional surface for directional penetration of liquid to reduce icing. The bionic functional surface is fabricated by projection microstereolithography (PµSL) based three dimensional printing technique with the wettability on its two sides tailored by TiO2 nanoparticle sizing agent. A water droplet penetrates from the hydrophobic side to the superhydrophilic side of such a bionic functional surface within 20 ms, but it is blocked in the opposite direction. Most significantly, the penetration time of a water droplet through such a bionic functional surface is much shorter than the freezing time on it, even though the temperature is as low as −90°C. This work opens a gate for the development of functional devices for liquid collection, condensation, especially for hyperantifogging/freezing.
Coupling sum rules and oblique corrections in gauge-Higgs unification
Authors: Hosotani Yutaka , Funatsu Shuichiro , Hatanaka Hisaki , Orikasa Yuta , Yamatsu Naoki 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In grand-unified-theory-inspired SO(5) × U(1)X × SU(3)C gauge-Higgs unification (GHU) in the Randall–Sundrum warped spacetime, the W- and Z-couplings of all 4D fermion modes become nontrivial. The W- and Z-couplings of zero-mode quarks and leptons slightly deviate from those in the SM, and the couplings take the matrix form in the space of Kaluza–Klein (KK) states. In particular, the 4D couplings and mass spectra in the KK states depend on the Aharonov–Bohm phase θH in the fifth dimension. Nevertheless there emerge three astonishing sum rules among those coupling matrices, which guarantees the finiteness of certain combinations of corrections to vacuum polarization tensors. We confirm by numerical evaluation that the equality in the sum rules holds with 5- to 7-digit accuracy. Based on the sum rules we propose improved oblique parameters in GHU. Oblique corrections due to fermion 1-loop diagrams are found to be small.
Is parental unemployment associated with increased risk of adverse childhood experiences? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Judd Natasha , Hughes Karen , Bellis Mark A , Hardcastle Katie , Amos Rebekah 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Unemployment has adverse consequences for families and can put children at risk of harm. This study presents a systematic review and meta-analysis of global evidence on associations between parental unemployment and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs).

Methods
Systematic literature searches across four databases identified cross-sectional, cohort or case–control studies measuring associations between parental employment and individual or cumulative ACEs in children. Available risk estimates were extracted and pooled odds ratios calculated using random-effects models.

Results
Of 60 included studies, 37 provided risk estimates suitable for pooling across seven ACE types. Paternal/any parental unemployment was associated with a 29% increased risk of sexual abuse, 54% increased risk of neglect, 60% increased risk of physical abuse and around 90% increased risk of child maltreatment and parental mental illness. No associations were found between maternal unemployment and ACEs. Pooling estimates from representative general population studies also identified increased risk of child maltreatment with paternal/any parental unemployment (82%) but not maternal unemployment.

Conclusions
Children who grow up with parental unemployment can be at increased risk of ACEs. A combination of socioeconomic measures to increase employment opportunities and parental support targeting fathers and mothers may help break multigenerational cycles of abuse and deprivation.
Optimal Capital Structure and Risk Management Policies of Banks That Use CoCo Futures to Hedge Financial-Sector Risk
Authors: Goldstein Robert S , Yang Fan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We investigate the joint optimal risk management and capital structure decisions of banks when they use contingent-convertible (CoCo) futures contracts to hedge financial-sector risk. In spite of banks choosing significantly higher leverage ratios, their default probabilities drop appreciably while their equity values increase, allowing banks to compete more favorably with the shadow-banking system. Banks’ value-maximizing decision to hedge financial-sector risk unintentionally leads to an economy with extremely low aggregate bank default rates across all future states of nature. Thus, CoCo futures offer a powerful microprudential and macroprudential policy tool. That banks choose not to hedge financial-sector risk in practice is consistent with managers internalizing bank bailouts.
Change of iron content in brain regions after intravenous iron therapy in restless legs syndrome: quantitative susceptibility mapping study
Authors: Kim Tae-Joon , Kim Min Hye , Kim Jung Hwan , Jun Jin-Sun , Byun Jung-Ick , Sunwoo Jun-Sang , Shin Jung-Won , Gho Sung-Min , Sohn Chul-Ho , Jung Ki-Young 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Study Objectives
The pathomechanism of restless legs syndrome (RLS) is related to brain iron deficiency and iron therapy is effective for RLS; however, the effect of iron therapy on human brain iron state has never been studied with magnetic resonance imaging. This study aimed to investigate the change of brain iron concentrations in patients with RLS after intravenous iron therapy using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM).

Methods
We enrolled 31 RLS patients and 20 healthy controls. All participants underwent initial baseline (t0) assessment using brain magnetic resonance imaging, serum iron status, and sleep questionnaires including international RLS Study Group rating scale (IRLS). RLS patients underwent follow-up tests at 6 and 24 weeks (t1 and t2) after receiving 1000 mg ferric carboxymaltose. Iron content of region-of-interest on QSM images was measured for 13 neural substrates using the fixed-shaped method.

Results
RLS symptoms evaluated using IRLS were significantly improved after iron treatment (t0: 29.7 ± 6.5, t1: 19.5 ± 8.5, t2: 21.3 ± 10.1; p &lt; .001). There was no significant difference in susceptibility values between the controls and RLS patients at t0. In the caudate nucleus, putamen, and pulvinar thalamus of RLS patients, the QSM values differed significantly for three timepoints (p = .035, .048, and .032, respectively). The post-hoc analysis revealed that the QSM values increased at t1 in the caudate nucleus (66.8 ± 18.0 vs 76.4 ± 16.6, p = .037) and decreased from t1 to t2 in the putamen (69.4 ± 16.3 vs 62.5 ± 13.6, p = .025). Changes in the QSM values for the pulvinar and caudate nuclei at t1 were positively and negatively correlated with symptomatic improvement, respectively (r = 0.361 and −0.466, respectively).

Conclusions
Intravenous iron treatment results in changes in brain iron content which correlate to reductions in RLS severity. This suggests a connection between symptom improvement and the associated specific brain regions constituting the sensorimotor network.
PhyloCoalSimulations: A Simulator for Network Multispecies Coalescent Models, Including a New Extension for the Inheritance of Gene Flow
Authors: Fogg John , Allman Elizabeth S , Ané Cécile 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe consider the evolution of phylogenetic gene trees along phylogenetic species networks, according to the network multispecies coalescent process, and introduce a new network coalescent model with correlated inheritance of gene flow. This model generalizes two traditional versions of the network coalescent: with independent or common inheritance. At each reticulation, multiple lineages of a given locus are inherited from parental populations chosen at random, either independently across lineages or with positive correlation according to a Dirichlet process. This process may account for locus-specific probabilities of inheritance, for example. We implemented the simulation of gene trees under these network coalescent models in the Julia package PhyloCoalSimulations, which depends on PhyloNetworks and its powerful network manipulation tools. Input species phylogenies can be read in extended Newick format, either in numbers of generations or in coalescent units. Simulated gene trees can be written in Newick format, and in a way that preserves information about their embedding within the species network. This embedding can be used for downstream purposes, such as to simulate species-specific processes like rate variation across species, or for other scenarios as illustrated in this note. This package should be useful for simulation studies and simulation-based inference methods. The software is available open source with documentation and a tutorial at https://github.com/cecileane/PhyloCoalSimulations.jl.
Speciation in Coastal Basins Driven by Staggered Headwater Captures: Dispersal of a Species Complex, Leporinus bahiensis, as Revealed by Genome-wide SNP Data
Authors: Ramirez Jorge L , Machado Carolina B , de Mello Affonso Paulo Roberto Antunes , Galetti Pedro M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Past sea level changes and geological instability along watershed boundaries have largely influenced fish distribution across coastal basins, either by dispersal via palaeodrainages now submerged or by headwater captures, respectively. Accordingly, the South American Atlantic coast encompasses several small and isolated drainages that share a similar species composition, representing a suitable model to infer historical processes. Leporinus bahiensis is a freshwater fish species widespread along adjacent coastal basins over narrow continental shelf with no evidence of palaeodrainage connections at low sea level periods. Therefore, this study aimed to reconstruct its evolutionary history to infer the role of headwater captures in the dispersal process. To accomplish this, we employed molecular-level phylogenetic and population structure analyses based on Sanger sequences (5 genes) and genome-wide SNP data. Phylogenetic trees based on Sanger data were inconclusive, but SNPs data did support the monophyletic status of L. bahiensis. Both COI and SNP data revealed structured populations according to each hydrographic basin. Species delimitation analyses revealed from 3 (COI) to 5 (multilocus approach) MOTUs, corresponding to the sampled basins. An intricate biogeographic scenario was inferred and supported by Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) analysis. Specifically, a staggered pattern was revealed and characterized by sequential headwater captures from basins adjacent to upland drainages into small coastal basins at different periods. These headwater captures resulted in dispersal throughout contiguous coastal basins, followed by deep genetic divergence among lineages. To decipher such recent divergences, as herein represented by L. bahiensis populations, we used genome-wide SNPs data. Indeed, the combined use of genome-wide SNPs data and ABC method allowed us to reconstruct the evolutionary history and speciation of L. bahiensis. This framework might be useful in disentangling the diversification process in other neotropical fishes subject to a reticulate geological history.
Rights of beneficiaries: building foundations and trusts, a Czech perspective
Authors: Ronovská Kateřina , Pihera Vlastimil , Dobrovolná Eva 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The aim of this article is first to briefly outline the current Czech legal regulation of the position of beneficiaries of trust funds and private foundations and the breadth of knowledge in this area. The authors point out crucial questions and also suggest possible directions for further consideration, many of which are well known in other jurisdictions where the possibility to create trusts/trust-like and foundation structures for private purposes has been introduced. Hopefully, the Czech perspective (and experience so far) can also be of use to other legal systems which are dealing with similar issues.
Revising Reflection Assignments to Align With Clinical Judgment Measurement Model Language: Maximizing Critical Thinking, Feedback, and Measurement in Simulation
Authors: Williams Marcella S. , Hence Michelle S. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Student reflection stimulates self-awareness, deep learning, insight into patient care challenges, and professional role development. As such, reflection assignments are an ideal target for revision using language associated with the steps of the clinical judgment measurement model (CJMM) to maximize critical thinking. Tanner’s clinical judgment model aligns with the CJMM and underpins the curriculum in many nursing programs. Faculty used the model to update a simulation reflection assignment template, incorporating CJMM language and facilitating improved measurement of clinical judgment. Substantially improved student responses resulted during an initial quality improvement pilot study.
Collaborating With Service Users to Select Psychiatry Residents Committed to Health Equity and Social Justice
Authors: Agrawal Sacha , Nicoll Gina , Carr Rachel H. , Cooper Rachel B. , Fefergrad Mark , Hanson Mark D. , Munro Lauren 
Published: May 2023

Problem
Advocates have called for health services to be delivered equitably to all. Academic psychiatry must play a role in this work, given its history of creating and perpetuating the marginalization of people experiencing mental health issues. While medical educators have started teaching concepts such as structural competency and cultural safety, careful consideration of who enters the medical workforce and what values they bring is also important.

Approach
The authors report on the first 5 years (2016–2021) of a collaboration with individuals who have used mental health or addiction services or identify as having lived experiences of mental health and/or substance use issues (i.e., service users) to select residents to the general adult psychiatry residency program at the University of Toronto who are committed to working toward health equity and social justice and who bring diverse personal, academic, and community-based experiences. Starting in 2016, a working group of service users and faculty iteratively refined the selection process to add personal letter and interview day writing sample prompts centered on social justice and advocacy.

Outcomes
The working group, coled by service users since 2019, defined the problem (lack of attention to health equity and social justice in resident selection) and codesigned the solution by revising writing prompts used in the selection process and their assessment rubrics to emphasize these missing areas. Further, service users directly participated in the implementation by reviewing candidates’ personal letters and interview day writing samples alongside faculty and residents. This work serves as an example of meaningful service user engagement in action.

Next Steps
To ensure the needs of service users are prioritized, future work must aim for long-term institutional commitment to strengthen service user involvement and power sharing with service user communities in resident selection and at other points along the medical education pathway.
A Survey on Monitoring and Management of Cerebral Vasospasm and Delayed Cerebral Ischemia After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: The Mantra Study
Authors: Picetti Edoardo , Bouzat Pierre , Bader Mary Kay. , Citerio Giuseppe , Helbok Raimund , Horn Janneke , Macdonald Robert Loch. , McCredie Victoria , Meyfroidt Geert , Righy Cássia , Robba Chiara , Sharma Deepak , Smith Wade S. , Suarez Jose I. , Udy Andrew , Wolf Stefan , Taccone Fabio S. 
Published: May 2023

Introduction:
Cerebral infarction from delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a leading cause of poor neurological outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). We performed an international clinical practice survey to identify monitoring and management strategies for cerebral vasospasm associated with DCI in aSAH patients requiring intensive care unit admission.

Methods:
The survey questionnaire was available on the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (May 2021–June 2022) and Neurocritical Care Society (April - June 2022) websites following endorsement by these societies.

Results:
There were 292 respondents from 240 centers in 38 countries. In conscious aSAH patients or those able to tolerate an interruption of sedation, neurological examination was the most frequently used diagnostic modality to detect delayed neurological deficits related to DCI caused by cerebral vasospasm (278 respondents, 95.2%), while in unconscious patients transcranial Doppler/cerebral ultrasound was most frequently used modality (200, 68.5%). Computed tomography angiography was mostly used to confirm the presence of vasospasm as a cause of DCI. Nimodipine was administered for DCI prophylaxis by the majority of the respondents (257, 88%), mostly by an enteral route (206, 71.3%). If there was a significant reduction in arterial blood pressure after nimodipine administration, a vasopressor was added and nimodipine dosage unchanged (131, 45.6%) or reduced (122, 42.5%). Induced hypertension was used by 244 (85%) respondents as first-line management of DCI related to vasospasm; 168 (59.6%) respondents used an intra-arterial procedure as second-line therapy.

Conclusions:
This survey demonstrated variability in monitoring and management strategies for DCI related to vasospasm after aSAH. These findings may be helpful in promoting educational programs and future research.
Rate of Cardiovascular Events and Safety Outcomes Seven Years Following Gastric Bypass Versus Sleeve Gastrectomy
Authors: Wildisen Alessia , Peterli Ralph , Werder Gabriela , Mueller Beat , Schuetz Philipp , Kaegi-Braun Nina , Kutz Alexander 
Published: May 2023

Objective:
The study aimed to assess major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), complications requiring revision surgery, and bariatric conversion surgery 7 years after gastric bypass (GB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) using real-world data.

Background:
GB and SG both result in weight loss and improved cardiometabolic health. Whether the long-term rate of MACE differs between the 2 bariatric procedures is unclear.

Methods:
In this population-based retrospective cohort study, we used inhospital National Health Registry data from January 2012 to December 2018. Patients undergoing GB were 1:1 propensity score-matched with patients who had SG. The primary outcome was the incidence of MACE, defined as acute myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, cardiac arrest, or hospitalization for heart failure. Secondary outcomes encompassed individual MACE components, postoperative complications, and the need for bariatric conversion surgery.

Results:
Among 5240 propensity score-matched pairs, the incidence rate per 1000 person-years of MACE was 2.8 among patients undergoing GB and 3.2 among those undergoing SG (hazard ratio [HR], 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62–1.37). Single components of MACE were not different between both groups. Patients after GB had a higher risk of long-term postoperative complications requiring a revision surgery compared with those after SG (HR, 3.53 [95% CI, 2.78–4.49]). Bariatric conversion surgery was less frequently performed among patients undergoing GB compared with patients undergoing SG (HR, 0.09 [95% CI, 0.06–0.13]).

Conclusions:
In this study, the performance of GB versus SG was associated with a similar risk of MACE. While postoperative complications were more frequent among patients undergoing GB, patients following SG had a higher probability of bariatric conversion surgery.
An analysis of 32 orthopaedic society costs and benefits
Authors: Rasmussen Janae , Cannada Lisa , Balch Samora Julie 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Many orthopaedic surgeons belong to specialty groups or societies at the local, state, and national levels. We sought to understand costs and benefits of orthopaedic society memberships.

Methods:
We collected data on the cost of membership and benefits for 32 different orthopaedic societies in 2020 and 2021 by using website information and contacting the society’s administration. We grouped benefits into distinct categories: annual conference, continuing education, educational resources, leadership opportunities, career job listings, research grants, mentorship program, resident/fellow resources, medical student resources, and journal affiliation.

Results:
On average, attending surgeons pay $460 and residents/fellows pay $300 for a single annual membership. However, some organizations, such as the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS), the American Orthopaedic Association (AOA), and the Hip Society have higher annual dues ($1,115, $1,100, and $1,500, respectfully). Over 20 years, a physician belonging to both the AOA and the AAOS pay $44,300 in fees at the current cost. All 32 societies offer an annual conference, continuing education credit opportunities, other educational resources, leadership opportunities, and journal affiliations.

Conclusions:
Membership fees vary and benefits are often difficult to assess without becoming a member. The COVID-19 pandemic has moved society activities online, decreasing opportunities for in-person networking and education, with some societies considering reduced fees. The pandemic has also strained hospital budgets resulting in loss of funds for many physicians at academic organizations that would normally be used toward membership fees. Perhaps increased opportunities for resource pooling, with group access to educational opportunities and mentorship, should be considered.

Level of Evidence:
Level V.