bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pemphigus and pemphigoids: Clinical presentation, diagnosis and therapy
Authors: Didona Dario , Schmidt Morna F. , Maglie Roberto , Solimani Farzan 
Published: August 2023

SummaryPemphigus and pemphigoid are two potentially life‐threatening groups of autoimmune diseases, characterized by autoantibodies targeting structural components of desmosomes or hemidesmosomes, respectively. Affected patients typically show itchy/painful plaques or blistering skin lesions and/or impairing mucosal blistering and erosions, which may strongly impact their quality of life. Since the milestone work of Walter Lever in 1953, who differentiated these two groups of diseases by histopathological analysis of the level of antibody‐mediated skin cleavage, enormous progresses occurred. Achievements made in laboratory diagnostics now allow to identify antigen specific structural proteins of the skin that are targeted by pathogenic autoantibodies. These progresses were accompanied by an increased understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases thanks to the establishment of animal models reproducing disease and on studies on skin and blood of affected individuals, which have been leading to novel and disease‐specific treatments. Yet, given their phenotypical overlap with more common dermatological diseases, correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment are often delayed, in some cases leading to irreversible sequelae, including organ dysfunction (i.e., loss of vision in mucous membrane pemphigoid). Here, we provide a concise overview of the clinical appearance, diagnosis and therapeutic management of pemphigus and pemphigoid diseases.
Associations between maternal gestational diabetes metformin or insulin treatment and offspring growth trajectories from birth to 60 months of age: Findings from the Born in Bradford (BiB) study
Authors: Martine‐Edith Gilberte , Johnson William , Petherick Emily S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate the associations between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) metformin or insulin treatment and offspring growth trajectories from 0 to 60 months.MethodsParticipants were from the Born in Bradford birth cohort study. Using covariate‐adjusted multilevel linear spline models (4 splines: 0–1.6, 1.6–6, 6–17 and 17–60 months), we compared weight, height and body mass index (BMI) z‐score trajectories of: (1) 76 offspring exposed to metformin (OGDM‐Metformin) and 420 offspring exposed to insulin (OGDM‐Insulin); (2) OGDM‐Metformin and 9171 offspring not exposed to GDM (No‐GDM); (3) OGDM‐Insulin and No‐GDM.Results(1) OGDM‐Metformin had comparable growth trajectories to OGDM‐Insulin from 0 to 60 months. (2) OGDM‐Metformin had a lower mean birthweight z‐score than No‐GDM. OGDM‐Metformin had faster changes in height z‐score (0.13 [95% CI 0.026, 0.24]) from 17 to 60 months and by 60 months, had comparable mean BMI z‐score to No‐GDM. (3) OGDM‐insulin had lower mean birthweight and height z‐scores than No‐GDM. OGDM‐Insulin had faster changes in weight (0.32 [0.021, 0.62]) and height (0.50 [0.087, 0.91]) from 1.6 to 6 months and by 60 months, had comparable mean BMI z‐score to No‐GDM.ConclusionsGDM metformin treatment was not associated with differences in offspring growth trajectories compared to insulin treatment. Both metformin and insulin‐exposed offspring had comparable BMI z‐score to No‐GDM by 60 months.
Atrial septal hematogenous cyst with calcification mimicking myxoma: A rare case
Authors: Li Xuejie , Luo Hongying , Hou Jianglong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA 61‐year‐old female presented with right atrial mass during physical examination. Contrast‐enhanced left heart echocardiography revealed a mass with the size of 32*23 mm in the right atrium, attached to the atrial septum; there was a certain degree of activity and deformation. MRI showed a mass of about 35*22 mm in the right atrium adjacent to the atrial septum, which was diagnosed with right atrial myxoma. Intraoperative TEE showed that the mass was located in the atrial septum close to the inferior vena cava and spontaneous echo contrast with hyperechoic images within the mass. The lesion was resected under cardiopulmonary bypass. Pathological examination revealed that the filling defect was an atrial septal hematogenous cyst with calcification.
Long‐term safety and efficacy of adjunctive brivaracetam in pediatric patients with epilepsy: An open‐label, follow‐up trial
Authors: Lagae Lieven , Klotz Kerstin Alexandra , Fogarasi András , Floricel Florin , Reichel Christoph , Elshoff Jan‐Peer , Fleyshman Sofia , Kang Harriet 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study was undertaken to evaluate the long‐term safety, tolerability, and efficacy of adjunctive brivaracetam (BRV) treatment in pediatric patients with epilepsy.MethodsA phase 3, open‐label, multicenter, long‐term follow‐up trial (N01266; NCT01364597) was conducted on patients (aged 1 month to <17 years at core trial entry; direct enrollers aged 4 to <17 years) treated with BRV. Outcomes included treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs), behavior assessments (Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist [CBCL], Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function [BRIEF]/BRIEF‐Preschool version [BRIEF‐P]), and efficacy outcomes (percent change in focal seizure frequency, 50% responder rate for all seizure types for patient subgroups <2 years and ≥2 years of age using daily record card data).ResultsOf 257 patients with ≥1 dose of BRV (141 [54.9%] male; mean age = 8.0 years [SD = 4.5]), 36 patients were <2 years of age, and 72.0% of patients had a history of focal seizures. Mean BRV exposure was 3.2 patient‐years. At least one TEAE occurred in 93.4% patients, and 32.3% had serious TEAEs. Seven patients died during the trial; no deaths were considered treatment‐related. Patients ≥2 years of age had a median decrease in 28‐day adjusted focal seizure frequency of 62.9%, and 50.9% had a ≥50% response in all seizures. Patients <2 years of age had a median decrease in 28‐day adjusted focal seizure frequency of 96.9%, and 68.2% had a ≥50% response in all seizures. Kaplan–Meier estimated treatment retention was 72.7%, 64.5%, 57.8%, 53.3%, 50.1%, and 44.8% at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 years, respectively. Mean changes (baseline to last evaluation) for all Achenbach CBCL and BRIEF‐P/BRIEF subscale scores were negative, reflecting stability/slight improvement.SignificanceLong‐term adjunctive BRV treatment was generally well tolerated and efficacious in reducing seizure frequency, and had high retention rates, with generally stable cognitive/behavioral scores in pediatric patients with epilepsy.
How important is temperature for strike success of ectotherms? Thermal effects on predator–prey interactions of free‐ranging pit vipers (Gloydius blomhoffii)
Authors: Kodama Tomonori , Mori Akira 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAmong various environmental factors, temperature has been considered a main determinant of outcomes of predator–prey interactions involving ectotherms. Although numerous studies have aimed to examine temperature effects on those interactions, few studies have been conducted under fully natural conditions. In this study, we examined the degree to which temperature affects the outcomes of encounters between a Japanese pit viper (Mamushi, Gloydius blomhoffii) and its prey under natural conditions. We continuously recorded ambushing behaviors and body temperatures of these snakes in the field using videography. We found that, over the range of temperatures at which Mamushi hunted, (1) temperature has only limited effects on whether Mamushis initiate a strike at prey and whether strikes successfully hit the prey; (2) prey reactions to strikes, such as whether they dodge the strike or the latency from strike initiation to dodge, are not affected by temperature; and (3) factors such as distance to prey and prey dodging movements are greater determinants than temperature on the outcomes of encounters between free‐ranging Mamushi and their prey. Our results suggest that temperature effects on the outcomes of free‐ranging snake–prey interactions may be smaller than hitherto considered.
Cost‐effectiveness, fairness and adverse selection in mutual aid
Authors: Chen Ze , Feng Runhuan , Wei Li , Zhao Jiaqi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOnline mutual aid (MA) is a novel form of ex‐post risk sharing empowered by InsurTech to provide critical illness coverage without involving an insurer. In this paper, we first provide a rigorous examination of the underpinning theory and analyze MA model's cost‐effectiveness. In addition, we theoretically investigate the condition for MA's actuarial fairness among all participants. Our numerical illustration also shows that current MA plans lack the consideration of actuarial fairness as they differentiate members only by gender and age group of large bandwidths. Last, our empirical analysis confirms the existence of adverse selection due to the lack of actuarial fairness.
Green SPACs
Authors: Dimic Nebojsa , Goodell John W. , Piljak Vanja , Vulanovic Milos 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe examine the structural characteristics of special purpose acquisition companies (SPACs) focused on green causes. We explain their ecosystem, primary determinants of initial public offering (IPO) size, and speed of going public, and we calculate their returns around merger announcements and subsequent acquisition. Green SPAC size depends on CEO characteristics, choice of exchange and specialisation of respective stakeholders. The speed to IPO is related to the respective concentration of legal counsel. Green SPACs exhibit cumulative market‐adjusted returns in the range 6%–12% around the merger announcement. Merger returns are positive at the merger date but quickly become negative (−1% to −9%) and decline further with time.
The 5‐factor modified frailty index is a novel predictive marker of death from other diseases after curative gastrectomy for gastric cancer
Authors: Maeda Yuto , Eto Kojiro , Yoshida Naoya , Iwatsuki Masaaki , Iwagami Shiro , Ogawa Katsuhiro , Sawayama Hiroshi , Baba Yoshifumi , Miyamoto Yuji , Baba Hideo 
Published: August 2023

AimThe 5‐factor modified frailty index (MFI‐5) is a stratification tool to evaluate a patient's frailty. This study determined whether the MFI‐5 is associated with short‐ and long‐term outcomes after curative gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 447 consecutive patients who underwent curative gastrectomy, and evaluated their overall survival (OS), relapse‐free survival (RFS) and cancer‐specific survival.ResultsA total of 75 patients (16.8%) had high MFI‐5 scores (MFI‐5 ≥3). A high MFI‐5 score was significantly associated with advanced age, male sex and severe postoperative complications. Patients with high MFI‐5 scores had significantly poorer OS and RFS than those with low MFI‐5 scores (5‐year OS, 80.3% vs 59.7%, P < 0.01; 5‐year RFS, 77.4% vs 54.9%, P < 0.01). Additionally, a high MFI‐5 score was an independent predictor for OS (hazard ratio 1.69, 95% CI 1.09–2.61; P = 0.02) and RFS (hazard ratio, 1.80, 95% CI 1.19–2.74; P = 0.01). However, cancer‐specific survival was not significantly different between the two groups.ConclusionsThe MFI‐5 score can be predictive of postoperative morbidity and deaths from other disease after curative gastrectomy after curative gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 750–756.
Collaborative evaluation of a pilot involvement opportunity: Cochrane Common Mental Disorders Voice of Experience College
Authors: Knowles Sarah , Morley Karen , Foster Rob , Middleton Amy , Pinar Semra , Rose Fiona , Williams Emma , Hendon Jessica , Churchill Rachel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundInvolving consumers in systematic reviews can make them more valuable and help achieve goals around transparency. Systematic reviews are technically complex and training can be needed to enable consumers to engage with them fully. The Cochrane Common Mental Disorders group sought to engage people with lived experience of mental health problems in the Voice of Experience College, three workshops introducing them to systematic review methods and to opportunities to contribute as Cochrane consumers. We aimed to collectively evaluate the College from the perspective of both facilitators and consumers, to critically reflect on the experience, and to identify how the College could be sustained and spread to other review groups.MethodsThis study was a longitudinal qualitative and collaborative evaluation, structured around normalisation process theory. Both facilitators and consumers were involved in not only providing their perspectives but also reflecting on these together to identify key learning points.ResultsThe workshops were positively evaluated as being engaging and supportive, largely due to the relational skills of the facilitators, and their willingness to engage in joint or two‐way learning. The College suffered from a lack of clarity over the role of consumers after the College itself, with a need for greater communication to check assumptions and clarify expectations. This was not achieved due to pandemic disruptions, which nevertheless demonstrated that resources for involvement were not prioritised as core business during this period.ConclusionsSoft skills around communication and support are crucial to effective consumer engagement. Sustaining involvement requires sustained communication and opportunities to reflect together on opportunities and challenges. This requires committed resources to ensure involvement activity is prioritised. This is critical as negative experiences later in the involvement journey can undermine originally positive experiences if contributors are unclear as to what their involvement can lead to. Open discussions about this are necessary to avoid conflicting assumptions. The spread of the approach to other review groups could be achieved by flexibly adapting to group‐specific resources and settings, but maintaining a core focus on collaborative relationships as the key mechanism of engagement.Patient and Public ContributionPublic contributors were collaborators throughout the evaluation process and have co‐authored the paper.
Effects of inulin with different polymerisation degrees on dough rheology and water distribution in the fresh noodles
Authors: Chen Yanyan , Li Xuqin , Xu Fei , Yu Qing , Zhang Qingqing 
Published: August 2023

SummaryOver the past few years, the growing market demand for functional food leads to the development of inulin‐containing staple food. Comparing to previous works, this study investigates the effect of inulin with different polymerisation degrees on dough rheology and water distribution in the fresh noodles. Rheological properties of gluten, either using empirical or fundamental methods illustrate the distinctly improved farinograph properties. The tensile properties of the noodles added with LCI increased. Both SCI and LCI reduced the gelatinisation temperature and viscosity of the mixed powder, inhibited the retrogradation of starch. The relaxation time of weakly bound water of fresh noodles with LCI was shortened, the proportion of tightly bound water increased by 3.33%, and the content of freezable water decreased by 1.97%. Results showed that LCI inhibits the fluidity of water and increases the toughness and stability of gluten protein network structure. Noodles with LCI were of higher quality than those in the control group and those with SCI. Both groups inhibit the fluidity of water in noodles and enhance the toughness and stability of the gluten protein network structure. These results show that comparing to SCI, LCI improve the quality of fresh noodles more effectively.
Revisiting John Gill's Doctrine of Eternal Justification
Authors: Walden Garrett M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRichard Muller situated the English Baptist minister, John Gill (1697–1771), among the Reformed orthodox theologians. However, the Baptist tradition has often looked askance at Gill because of his debated association with hyper‐Calvinism and one of its key pillars: eternal justification. Most historical scholarship has taken for granted that Gill affirmed eternal justification in such a way that renders him out of step with both the Reformed and evangelical traditions. In this essay, I revisit Gill's doctrine of justification and explain key distinctions which are often overlooked, but which are necessary to the coherence of his articulation of the doctrine – the distinctions between justification as an immanent act in God and as a transient act in the Christian, and justification qua esse actu and qua esse representativum. I argue that understanding these distinctions is needed for a more precise articulation of the doctrine of justification and that John Gill is an important interlocutor who passed forward an often‐misunderstood perspective from his Reformed and Puritan forebears.
Predictive factors for pentafecta achievement in robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy for intermediate highly complex RENAL tumors (RENAL score ≥ 7)
Authors: Uemura Koichi , Ito Hiroki , Ikeda Maiko , Uehara Koichiro , Tatenuma Tomoyuki , Komeya Mitsuru , Ito Yusuke , Muraoka Kentaro , Hasumi Hisashi , Makiyama Kazuhide 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesTo investigate the predictive factors for pentafecta achievement of robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) for intermediate highly complex renal tumors (RENAL score ≥ 7).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the data of 247 patients with renal tumors with a RENAL score ≥ 7 who underwent RAPN. Baseline characteristics and perioperative outcomes were compared between the pentafecta achieved group and the unachieved group. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify the predictive factors for pentafecta achievement for cT1 renal tumors with a RENAL score ≥ 7.ResultsOf the 247 patients, 75 (30.3%) patients were in the achieved group and 172 (69.7%) patients were in the unachieved group. The median warm ischemia time and total operation time were 18 min versus 23 min (p < 0.001) and 179 min versus 201 min (p < 0.001) in the achieved and unachieved groups, respectively. In the unachieved group, six patients (3.4%) had major perioperative complications (Clavien–Dindo classification system ≥3). The median preservation rates of estimated GFR at the 1‐year postoperative period were 96.5% versus 83.0% (p < 0.001) in the achieved and unachieved groups. Multivariable logistic regression models revealed that age and tumor size were independent predictive factors for pentafecta achievement for cT1 renal tumors with a RENAL score ≥ 7. There were no significant differences in cancer‐free survival between the two groups (p = 0.456).ConclusionAge and tumor size were independent predictive factors for pentafecta achievement, although there was no difference in oncological outcomes between the pentafecta achieved group and the unachieved group in RAPN for cT1 renal tumors with a RENAL score ≥ 7.
Rethinking interculturalism, deconstructing discrimination in Italian schools
Authors: Santagati Mariagrazia , Bertozzi Rita 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDespite the public favour gained in Europe, interculturalism is often reduced to its theoretical abstractions or local implementations. There is scarce evidence to suggest that interculturalism mitigates the systemic discrimination of immigrant‐origin people. Looking at the Italian case, the paper analyses the coexistence of interculturalism and discrimination into multicultural schools, examining school track choices for immigrant‐origin students under the lens of interculturalism. We combine three theoretical perspectives—discrimination at micro level, critical interculturalism and school choice as a process—with an empirical analysis of qualitative data, focussing on the ambivalent relational mechanisms underneath the most discriminatory turning point in the Italian education system, the transition to upper secondary school. Different forms of student–teacher interaction, approaches to school track choice and discriminatory effects are highlighted in the research findings. Three different scenarios of interculturalism are identified and implemented through the negotiation of the school actors. Rethinking interculturalism by deconstructing discrimination appears as a collective task, to be undertaken together with teachers and students with immigrant background: intercultural policy guidelines must be combined with bottom‐up actions.
Ethnic differences in the characteristics of patients with newly diagnosed lung cancer in the Te Manawa Taki region of New Zealand
Authors: Nguyen Ha , Lao Chunhuan , Keenan Rawiri , Laking George , Elwood Mark , McKeage Mark , Wong Janice , Aitken Denise , Chepulis Lynne , Lawrenson Ross 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundMāori have three times the mortality from lung cancer compared with non‐Māori. The Te Manawa Taki region has a population of 900 000, of whom 30% are Māori. We have little understanding of the factors associated with developing and diagnosing lung cancer and ethnic differences in these characteristics.AimsTo explore the differences in the incidence and characteristics of patients with newly diagnosed lung cancer between Māori and non‐Māori.MethodsPatients were identified from the regional register. Incidence rates were calculated based on population data from the 2013 and 2018 censuses. The patient and tumour characteristics of Māori and non‐Māori were compared. The analysis used Χ2 tests and logistic models for categorical variables and Student t tests for continuous variables.ResultsA total of 4933 patients were included, with 1575 Māori and 3358 non‐Māori. The age‐standardised incidence of Māori (236 per 100 000) was 3.3 times higher than that of non‐Māori. Māori were 1.3 times more likely to have an advanced stage of disease and 1.97 times more likely to have small cell lung cancer. Māori were more likely to have comorbidities, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. They also had higher levels of social deprivation and tended to be younger, female and current smokers.ConclusionsThe findings point to the need to address barriers to early diagnosis and the need for system change including the need to introduce a lung cancer screening focussing on Māori. There is also the need for preventive programmes to address comorbidities that impact lung cancer outcomes as well as a continued emphasis on creating a smoke‐free New Zealand.