bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy Utilization and Flight Muscle Development in Chrysoperla sinica (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) Female Adults: Relationship With Age and Flight Behavior
Authors: Liu Zhongfang , Chen Zhenghao , Sun Xiaoting , Zhang Pengjiu , Yang Jing , Gao Yue , Fan Renjun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We investigated the accumulation of energy substances, dynamics of flight muscle development, changes in energy substances accumulation, and flight muscle structure after flight activities in female adults of the green lacewing Chrysoperla sinica (Tjeder), a common natural enemy of various insect pests in China. Virgin individuals were chosen at 24, 72, and 120 h after eclosion for energy substance determination and flight muscle observation in this study. Individuals with strong flight ability at 72 h after eclosion were selected for tethered flight assays, followed by detection of energy substances, and flight muscle observation. The results showed that virgin female adults had the highest fat content 72 h after eclosion. Sarcomere length and myofibril diameter changed significantly with age, with the lowest at 24 h after eclosion. With an increase in flight distance, the fat and glycogen contents, sarcomere length, and volume fraction of the transverse tubular system (T-system) decreased and myofibril diameters increased. The volume fraction of the mitochondria did not significantly change, but the structure of the mitochondrial membrane was destroyed, inclusions were reduced, and cavities appeared. The reserves of energy substances, especially lipids, are closely related to the flight ability of C. sinica. The observational results of both flight muscle structure and morphology of mitochondria build a strong relationship with flight behavior. This research should help reveal the regulatory mechanism of flight activity of C. sinica.
Craft Matters: Seven Tips for Legal Scholars
Authors: Fisher Liz 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this commentary, the metaphor of craft is deployed to provide seven tips for legal scholars. These seven tips are forms of practical advice, which also raise questions about how legal scholarship is understood. These tips are based on the experience of editing the Journal of Environmental Law between 2012 and 2022. The seven tips are: producing legal scholarship takes time; don't get distracted from focusing on quality; read widely; know what you are trying to produce; fidelity to material matters; cherish refereeing and revision; and recognise the value of scholarly communities.
Forms of knowledge and forms of philosophy
Authors: Smith Richard 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Paul Hirst’s work on the nature of knowledge and its significance for education is still important, in at least two respects. One is the defence he offers of a distinctively liberal education: this is widely acknowledged, but its importance in our own time deserves greater recognition. The other, which is less often noticed, is Hirst’s avoidance of the widespread tendency to think of science as the model that all knowledge should attempt to emulate. This tendency, which in its extreme form is called scientism, represents less respect for science—which of course science deserves—than veneration of it. Wider discussion here of the part that the idea of knowledge plays in educational thinking today touches on recent work on virtue epistemology, the importance but complexity of the ideas of truth and reason, the curious rise of ‘powerful knowledge’, and recent work on the importance of philosophy in its ancient role of orienting us to reality as the home of thinking: a theme anticipated in some of the late work of Paul Hirst.
The rationale for the teaching of literature: soundings in Paul Hirst's epistemology
Authors: Williams Kevin , Williams Patrick A 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Paul Hirst’s reconceptualization of his epistemology provides a basis for this exploration of the various aspects of the rationale for teaching literature. The article reflects the close analysis of knowledge and the curriculum in his early work and develops insights in his later work. This leads to the identification of five strands that form the rationale for the role of literature within the curriculum. The first strand refers to the knowledge of context, cultural background, or information necessary to engage with many works of literature. The second strand concerns the role of literature in providing pleasure. The third strand considers the role of literature in offering multiple forms of understanding and insight. Strands four and five address the place of literature in the educational context. The fourth strand refers to the possibilities offered for education in language by the close study of literary texts. The fifth strand concerns the honing of the ability to propose and defend arguments in the interpretation of texts as a conduit to the development of one aspect of practical reason.
Should I stay or should I go: the functional importance and regulation of lipid diffusion in biological membranes
Authors: Béziat Chloé , Jaillais Yvon 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Biological membranes are highly dynamic, in particular due to the constant exchange of vesicles between the different compartments of the cell. In addition, the dynamic nature of membranes is also caused by their inherently fluid properties, with the diffusion of both proteins and lipids within their leaflets. Lipid diffusion is particularly difficult to study in vivo but recent advances in optical microscopy and lipid visualization now enable the characterization of lipid lateral motion, and here we review these methods in plants. We then discuss the parameters that affect lipid diffusion in membranes and explore their consequences on the formation of membrane domains at different scales. Finally, we consider how controlled lipid diffusion affects membrane functions during cell signaling, development, and environmental interactions.
Soil cadmium stress affects the phyllosphere microbiome and associated pathogen resistance differently in male and female poplars
Authors: Lin Tiantian , Lu Qi , Zheng Zhenlei , Li Shuying , Li Shujiang , Liu Yinggao , Zhu Tianhui , Chen Lianghua , Yang Chunlin , Han Shan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMicroorganisms associated with the phyllosphere play a crucial role in protecting plants from diseases, and their composition and diversity are strongly influenced by heavy metal contaminants. Dioecious plants are known to exhibit sexual dimorphism in metal accumulation and tolerance between male and female individuals. Hence, in this study we used male and female full-siblings of Populus deltoides to investigate whether the two sexes present differences in their phyllosphere microbiome structures and in their associated resistance to the leaf pathogenic fungus Pestalotiopsis microspora after exposure to excess soil cadmium (Cd). We found that Cd-treated male plants grew better and accumulated more leaf Cd than females. Cd stress reduced the lesion areas on leaves of both sexes after pathogen infection, but male plants exhibited better resistance than females. More importantly, Cd exposure differentially altered the structure and function of the phyllosphere microbiomes between the male and female plants, with more abundant ecologically beneficial microbes and decreased pathogenic fungal taxa harbored by male plants. In vitro toxicity tests suggested that the sexual difference in pathogen resistance could be attribute to both direct Cd toxicity and indirect shifts in the phyllosphere microbiome. This study provides new information relevant for understanding the underlying mechanisms of the effects of heavy metals involved in plant–pathogen interactions.
Above- and belowground linkages during extreme moisture excess: leveraging knowledge from natural ecosystems to better understand implications for row-crop agroecosystems
Authors: Sprunger Christine D , Lindsey Alex , Lightcap Ainsley 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Above- and belowground linkages are responsible for some of the most important ecosystem processes in unmanaged terrestrial systems including net primary production, decomposition, and carbon sequestration. Global change biology is currently altering above- and belowground interactions, reducing ecosystem services provided by natural systems. Less is known regarding how above- and belowground linkages impact climate resilience, especially in intentionally managed cropping systems. Waterlogged or flooded conditions will continue to increase across the Midwestern USA due to climate change. The objective of this paper is to explore what is currently known regarding above- and belowground linkages and how they impact biological, biochemical, and physiological processes in systems experiencing waterlogged conditions. We also identify key above- and belowground processes that are critical for climate resilience in Midwestern cropping systems by exploring various interactions that occur within unmanaged landscapes. Above- and belowground interactions that support plant growth and development, foster multi-trophic-level interactions, and stimulate balanced nutrient cycling are critical for crops experiencing waterlogged conditions. Moreover, incorporating ecological principles such as increasing plant diversity by incorporating crop rotations and adaptive management via delayed planting dates and adjustments in nutrient management will be critical for fostering climate resilience in row-crop agriculture moving forward.
Thefalse widowlink between neutron star X-ray binaries and spider pulsars
Authors: Knight Amy H , Ingram Adam , van den Eijnden Jakob , Buisson Douglas J K , Rhodes Lauren , Middleton Matthew 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTThe discovery of transitional millisecond pulsars (tMSPs) provided conclusive proof that neutron star (NS) low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) comprise part of the evolutionary pathway towards binary millisecond pulsars (MSPs). Redback and black widow ‘spider’ pulsars are a subcategory of binary MSPs that ‘devour’ their companions through ablation – the process through which material is lifted from the stellar surface by a pulsar wind. In addition to reducing the companion star’s mass, ablation introduces observable characteristics like extended, energy-dependent, and asymmetric eclipse profiles in systems observed at a sufficiently high inclination. Here, we present a detailed study and comparison of the X-ray eclipses of two NS LMXBs: Swift J1858.6 − 0814 and EXO 0748 − 676. Some of the X-ray eclipse characteristics observed in these two LMXBs are similar to the radio eclipse characteristics of eclipsing redback and black widow pulsars, suggesting that they may also host ablated companion stars. X-ray irradiation or a pulsar wind could drive the ablation. We conduct orbital phase-resolved spectroscopy for both LMXBs to map the column density, ionization, and covering fraction of the material outflow. From this, we infer the presence of highly ionized and clumpy ablated material around the companion star in both systems. We term LMXBs undergoing ablation, false widows, and speculate that they may be the progenitors of redback pulsars under the assumption that ablation begins in the LMXB stage. Therefore, the false widows could provide a link between LMXBs and spider pulsars. The detection of radio pulsations during non-accreting states can support this hypothesis.
DNA methylation entropy is associated with DNA sequence features and developmental epigenetic divergence
Authors: Fang Yuqi , Ji Zhicheng , Zhou Weiqiang , Abante Jordi , Koldobskiy Michael A , Ji Hongkai , Feinberg Andrew P 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEpigenetic information defines tissue identity and is largely inherited in development through DNA methylation. While studied mostly for mean differences, methylation also encodes stochastic change, defined as entropy in information theory. Analyzing allele-specific methylation in 49 human tissue sample datasets, we find that methylation entropy is associated with specific DNA binding motifs, regulatory DNA, and CpG density. Then applying information theory to 42 mouse embryo methylation datasets, we find that the contribution of methylation entropy to time- and tissue-specific patterns of development is comparable to the contribution of methylation mean, and methylation entropy is associated with sequence and chromatin features conserved with human. Moreover, methylation entropy is directly related to gene expression variability in development, suggesting a role for epigenetic entropy in developmental plasticity.
Notified occupational mental disorders: associations with health and income
Authors: Ladegaard Y , Dalgaard V L , Conway P M , Eller N H , Skakon J , Maltesen T , Scheike T , Netterstrøm B 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundStudies indicate that workers’ compensation claim processes may affect patients’ health negatively. However, few studies focus on patients with mental health claims, and the claim process varies between countries.AimsThe aims of this study were to examine whether being notified to the Danish Labour Market Insurance with an occupational mental health condition was associated with changes in visits to the general practitioner (GP), use of medicine and annual income.MethodsStudy participants were 965 patients with a mental disorder examined at a department of occupational medicine. Of these, 669 patients were notified with an occupational mental disorder, 296 were not. Health-related outcomes, including GP visits and prescriptions of psychotropic drugs, were estimated at baseline during the year of medical examination, while annual income was estimated a year before the examination. The follow-up was the year after the year of examination for all outcomes. Outcomes were collected from the Danish National Bureau of Statistics. Analyses were conducted using Poisson regression and conditional logistic regression.ResultsAll measured outcomes decreased from baseline to follow-up in both groups. These changes were not significantly different depending on notification status at baseline.ConclusionsThis study suggests that being notified with an occupational mental disorder does not significantly affect health-related outcomes. A significant decrease in annual income over time was seen in both groups, the notified and the unnotified group, highlighting the importance of providing support to all employees with a mental disorder.
Association of Cytomegalovirus Serostatus With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccine Responsiveness in Nursing Home Residents and Healthcare Workers
Authors: Freeman Michael L , Oyebanji Oladayo A , Moisi Daniela , Payne Michael , Sheehan Maegan L , Balazs Alejandro B , Bosch Jürgen , King Christopher L , Gravenstein Stefan , Lederman Michael M , Canaday David H 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundLatent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is immunomodulatory and could affect mRNA vaccine responsiveness. We sought to determine the association of CMV serostatus and prior severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection with antibody (Ab) titers after primary and booster BNT162b2 mRNA vaccinations in healthcare workers (HCWs) and nursing home (NH) residents.MethodsNursing home residents (N = 143) and HCWs (N = 107) were vaccinated and serological responses monitored by serum neutralization activity against Wuhan and Omicron (BA.1) strain spike proteins, and by bead-multiplex immunoglobulin G immunoassay to Wuhan spike protein and its receptor-binding domain (RBD). Cytomegalovirus serology and levels of inflammatory biomarkers were also measured.ResultsSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-naive CMV seropositive (CMV+) HCWs had significantly reduced Wuhan-neutralizing Ab (P = .013), anti-spike (P = .017), and anti-RBD (P = .011) responses 2 weeks after primary vaccination series compared with responses among CMV seronegative (CMV−) HCWs, adjusting for age, sex, and race. Among NH residents without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, Wuhan-neutralizing Ab titers were similar 2 weeks after primary series but were reduced 6 months later (P = .012) between CMV+ and CMV− subjects. Wuhan-neutralizing Ab titers from CMV+ NH residents who had prior SARS-CoV-2 infection consistently trended lower than titers from SARS-CoV-2 experienced CMV− donors. These impaired Ab responses in CMV+ versus CMV− individuals were not observed after booster vaccination or with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection.ConclusionsLatent CMV infection adversely affects vaccine-induced responsiveness to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, a neoantigen not previously encountered, in both HCWs and NH residents. Multiple antigenic challenges may be required for optimal mRNA vaccine immunogenicity in CMV+ adults.
Is Every Law for Everyone? Assessing Access to National Legislation through Official Legal Databases around the World
Authors: Nishikawa-Pacher Andreas , Hamann Hanjo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Countries all over the world document their statutory law in official legal databases (OLD), but the extent to which these provide effective access to (statutory) law remains unexamined. Ideally, an OLD should be (i) provided online and free for all without requiring registration or payment, (ii) searchable with regard to statutes’ titles, (iii) searchable with regard to the full texts of statutes, (iv) provided in a reusable text-based format and (v) comprehensive in its coverage of at least the laws currently in force. To highlight the nature of OLDs as consumer products, we borrow a term from business operations research and refer to a database fulfilling these basic criteria as a ‘minimum viable’ OLD. We survey 204 states and jurisdictions to assess how far their country-level OLDs adhere to the minimum viability standard. We find that only 48% of them do; 12% of states do not seem to offer any online OLD at all; and a further 40% of countries offer legal databases that lack at least one of the criteria listed above. The quality of legal access is associated with geographical distribution (with Europe faring the best), economic development and a population’s overall Internet usage. The results suggest that comparative legal research faces considerable hurdles when dealing with the Global South; that metadata-enriched digitalisation of legal corpora still remains a desideratum for at least half the world; and that the inaccessibility of law may carry high costs for legal practitioners and the wider public.
Custodians of the Palace of Westminster
Authors: Meakin Alexandra , Siebert Sabina 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
While the Palace of Westminster, the home of the UK Parliament requires an extensive programme of repairs and action to implement (or even agree) this programme—known as Restoration and Renewal—has been hampered. This article explores the concept of custodianship and poses a question: who are the custodians of the Palace and for whom do they preserve the Palace? Drawing on two research projects, this article explores differing interpretations of custodianship in this context, and whether decisions made about the parliamentary building are made to preserve the history of the Palace, improve working conditions in the present, or with the future of the building (and institution) in mind.
Dehydrogenase MnGutB1 catalyzes 1-deoxynojirimycin biosynthesis in mulberry
Authors: Yang Zhen , Luo Yiwei , Xia Xiaoyu , He Jinzhi , Zhang Jiajia , Zeng Qiwei , Li Dong , Ma Bi , Zhang Shaoyu , Zhai Changxin , Chen Miao , He Ningjia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAs the prevalence of diabetes continues to increase, the number of individuals living with diabetes complications will reach an unprecedented magnitude. Continuous use of some synthetic agents to reduce blood glucose levels causes severe side effects, and thus, the demand for nontoxic, affordable drugs persists. Naturally occurring compounds, such as iminosugars derived from the mulberry (Morus spp.), have been shown to reduce blood glucose levels. In mulberry, 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) is the predominant iminosugar. However, the mechanism underlying DNJ biosynthesis is not completely understood. Here, we showed that DNJ in mulberry is derived from sugar and catalyzed through 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-mannitol (ADM) dehydrogenase MnGutB1. Combining both targeted and nontargeted metabolite profiling methods, DNJ and its precursors ADM and nojirimycin (NJ) were quantified in mulberry samples from different tissues. Purified His-tagged MnGutB1 oxidized the hexose derivative ADM to form the 6-oxo compound DNJ. The mutant MnGutB1 D283N lost this remarkable capability. Furthermore, in contrast to virus-induced gene silencing of MnGutB1 in mulberry leaves that disrupted the biosynthesis of DNJ, overexpression of MnGutB1 in hairy roots and light-induced upregulation of MnGutB1 enhanced DNJ accumulation. Our results demonstrated that hexose derivative ADM, rather than lysine derivatives, is the precursor in DNJ biosynthesis, and it is catalyzed by MnGutB1 to form the 6-oxo compound. These results represent a breakthrough in producing DNJ and its analogs for medical use by metabolic engineering or synthetic biology.
The politics of military megaprojects: discursive struggles in Canadian and Australian naval shipbuilding strategies
Authors: Migone Andrea , Howlett Alexander , Howlett Michael 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLarge-scale military platform procurement is an essential but understudied component of the policy studies of megaprojects. Procurement decisions in this area, from ships to aircraft, are examples of a specific type of often very expensive purchases which feature complex multi-actor and multiyear processes characterized by high degrees of conflict between actors over purchases and planning horizons. This study of military procurement efforts of this type demonstrates the importance of maintaining policy ‘alignment’ between governments and service providers for successful megaproject procurement to occur and suggests several strategies for accomplishing this that can be applied to similar large-scale but nondefense-related projects, ranging from hydroelectric dams to high-speed railway development.