bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERDAGANGAN LADA DI SUNDA ABAD XVI
Authors: Fitriansyach Ashanty Thania , Wijaya Daya Negri 
Published: January 2025

Artikel ini mengkaji perdagangan lada yang dilakukan oleh Kerajaan Sunda pada abad 16. Topik perdagangan lada dipilih karena lada merupakan salah satu komoditas utama yang memainkan peran penting dalam perekonomian dan hubungan internasional Kerajaan Sunda. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji peran lada sebagai komoditas utama Kerajaan Sunda terhadap hubungan sosial dan ekonomi Kerajaan Sunda. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian sejarah yang terdiri dari lima tahap, yaitu pemilihan topik, heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengkaji (1) Kerajaan Sunda dan perdagangan lada, (2) Kedatangan Portugis di Malaka, (3) Geopolitik Jawa abad 16, (4) Perdagangan lada abad 16. Kerajaan Sunda memiliki karakter agraris dan maritim, dengan fokus pada pertanian di pedalaman dan perdagangan di wilayah pesisir. Kerajaan ini menanam lada pada wilayah pedalaman, yang kemudian didistribusikan pada bandar bandar besar yang dimiliki Kerajaan Sunda untuk diperdagangkan. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan menunjukan bahwa lada yang dihasilkan Kerajaan Sunda merupakan lada yang memiliki kualitas yang baik. Sehingga, menarik perhatian Portugis untuk menjalin hubungan diplomatik. Namun, upaya tersebut dicegah oleh perlawanan kuat dari kerajaan-kerajaan lokal terutama Demak. Posisi strategis Kerajaan Sunda dalam jaringan perdagangan maritim tercermin dari luasnya interaksi ekonomi, termasuk hubungan dagang dengan China, Malaka, dan lainnya. Keragaman jaringan dan intensitas perdagangan ini menegaskan pengaruh lada dalam menentukan situasi politik dan ekonomi pada masa itu.
Antibiotic-Resistant Genes and Polymorphisms of blaTEM1 gene in Multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli from Chicken Eggs and Cloacal Swabs in Sleman, Yogyakarta: The Impact on Public Health
Authors: Nastiti Niken Irfa , Asmara Widya , Putri Khrisdiana 
Published: January 2025

Antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic bacteria is a serious problem in public health. Antibiotic-resistant pathogens are the cause of many deaths. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the bacteria that experienced multi-drug resistance (MDR). Infection of Escherichia coli in humans occurs through transmission of fecal-oral. This study, conducted at the Veterinary Public Health Laboratory of Gadjah Mada University, aimed to assess MDR E. coli prevalence in 200 chicken egg samples sourced from poultry farms and supermarkets, alongside 63 cloacal swab samples from broiler poultry in Sleman, Yogyakarta. The study focused on detecting resistance genes including tetA, aadA1, aph(3)IIa, and blaTEM1, also analyzing polymorphisms in the blaTEM1 gene associated with antibiotic resistance. Identification technique of E. coli positivity refers to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 2897:2008, then E. coli identification was performed using the Analytical Profile Index (API) Test 20E Kit. Antibiotic sensitivity was determined by the Kirby Bauer method. Detection of antibiotic resistance genes in E. coli were determine using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. Sequencing and analysis of polymorphism and phylogenetic were performed only in blaTEM1. There were 12 samples identified as having E. coli (1 from chicken eggs and 11 from cloacal swabs), resistance percentages were highest for erythromycin (100%), ampicillin (91.7%), ciprofloxacin (91.7%), sulfamethoxazole (83.3%), streptomycin (83.3%) gentamicin (75%), tetracycline (41.7%), and chloramphenicol (25%). respectively. All of 12 E. coli samples were bacteria with MDR. Resistant genes were prevalent, notably blaTEM1 and aadA1 (100% each), with aph(3)IIa and tetA genes also detected in 58.3% of samples each. Sequencing of the blaTEM1 gene revealed polymorphisms in isolate A8. However, these did not alter its antibiotic resistance phenotype. Sequences of E. coli isolates showed similarities to strains from Vietnam, China, and India, countries with high antibiotic consumption, particularly ampicillin.
Artificial Intelligence Governance and Regulation: A Roadmap to Developing Legal Policies for Artificial Intelligence Deployment
Authors: Trisnawati  
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) presents substantial challenges for global regulation and governance. This study explores various approaches adopted by countries and industries in formulating legal policies that promote the responsible and innovative use of AI. It examines regulatory frameworks in the European Union, the United States, and China, alongside the deployment of AI in the automotive and healthcare sectors. Empirical evidence suggests that stringent regulations, such as those in the European Union, enhance legal clarity and foster public trust but impose higher compliance costs and hinder innovation. Conversely, the United States' more lenient approach promotes innovation but leads to legal ambiguity. Key global challenges, including standards harmonization, algorithm transparency, and accountability, remain critical issues for stakeholders. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for an equilibrium between innovation and regulation, achieved through international collaboration to establish robust, secure, and sustainable AI governance frameworks.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, AI policy, AI governance, AI regulation

Abstrak
Pesatnya perkembangan kecerdasan buatan (AI) membawa tantangan yang signifikan dalam hal regulasi dan tata kelola global. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memeriksa pendekatan berbagai negara dan industri dalam mengembangkan kebijakan hukum yang mendukung penerapan AI yang bertanggung jawab dan inovatif. Studi ini menyoroti peraturan di Uni Eropa, Amerika Serikat, dan Cina, serta penerapan AI di sektor otomotif dan perawatan kesehatan. Data empiris menunjukkan bahwa meskipun peraturan yang ketat, seperti di Uni Eropa, memberikan kejelasan hukum dan meningkatkan kepercayaan publik, itu juga menambah beban biaya dan memperlambat inovasi. Di sisi lain, pendekatan yang lebih longgar di Amerika Serikat mendorong inovasi tetapi menciptakan ketidakpastian hukum. Tantangan global dalam harmonisasi standar, transparansi algoritma, dan akuntabilitas adalah masalah utama yang harus ditangani oleh para pemangku kepentingan. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa keseimbangan antara inovasi dan regulasi diperlukan melalui kolaborasi internasional untuk menciptakan tata kelola AI yang tangguh, aman, dan berkelanjutan.
Kata kunci: Kecerdasan Buatan, kebijakan AI, Tata Kelola AI, dan Regulasi AI.
Perception of Residency Program Diversity Is Associated With Vulnerability to Race and Gender Stereotype Threat Among Minority and Female Orthopaedic Trainees
Authors: Reid Risa T. , Odum Susan M. , Rosopa Patrick J. , Brooks Jaysson T. , Scannell Brian P. , Poon Selina , Williams Tyler , Patt Joshua C. , Ode Gabriella E. ,   the Collaborative Orthopaedic Educational Research Group (COERG)
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
Stereotype threat (ST) is a psychological phenomenon in which perceived fear of confirming negative stereotypes about one's identity group leads to impaired performance. Gender and racial ST has been described in various academic settings. However, it is prevalence in orthopaedic surgery, where women and minorities are underrepresented, has not been examined. This study analyzes the prevalence of ST among orthopaedic surgery residents and fellows.

Methods:
US orthopaedic trainees completed a voluntary anonymous survey, which included demographics, perceived program diversity based on percentage of racial-ethnic and gender-diverse faculty and trainees, and a validated, modified version of the Stereotype Vulnerability Scale (SVS). Higher scores indicate greater ST vulnerability. ST prevalence was analyzed with descriptive statistics, and associations between program diversity, resident demographics, and ST vulnerability were compared using nonparametric tests.

Results:
Of 1,127 orthopaedic trainees at 40 programs, 322 responded (response rate 28.6%). Twenty-five percent identified as female, and 26% identified as an underrepresented minority in medicine (i.e., Asian, Black, or Hispanic). Asian (12 points), Black (12.5 points), and Hispanic (13.5 points) trainees had significantly higher SVS scores than White trainees (9 points) (p = 0.0003; p < 0.0001; p = 0.0028, respectively). Black trainees at perceived racially nondiverse residencies had the highest mean SVS scores (16.4 ± 1.03 points), while White trainees at perceived racially nondiverse residencies had the lowest SVS scores (9.3 ± 0.3 points), p = 0.011. Women had significantly higher gender stereotype vulnerability than men (p < 0.0001) in both gender-diverse (17.9 ± 0.2 vs. 9.0 ± 0.3 points) and gender nondiverse residencies (16.4 ± 0.4 vs. 9.6 ± 0.2 points).

Conclusion:
Minority and female orthopaedic trainees had higher ST vulnerability, especially in programs perceived as lacking racial or gender diversity. While perceived program diversity may offer some protection for minority and women trainees, women trainees still met the threshold for high vulnerability regardless of program gender diversity. Future strategies to mitigate ST should be explored in orthopaedic training.
Promoting Wellness Among Orthopaedic Surgeons
Authors: Ross Phara P. , Okafor Lauren C. , Rumps Mia V. , Mulcahey Mary K. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
» Wellness encompasses multiple dimensions of well-being, including physical, mental, emotional, social, and spiritual health. Prioritizing physician wellness is crucial for ensuring high-quality patient care and reducing the risks of burnout, depression, and other mental health issues. Poor wellness among physicians not only affects their personal and professional lives but also has a ripple effect on patient care. It is associated with higher rates of medical errors, lower patient satisfaction, and an increased risk of mental health disorders including anxiety, depression, substance abuse, and suicide.
» Burnout is a significant issue among healthcare professionals, particularly physicians. It can lead to severe consequences like increased medical errors, job dissatisfaction, and a decline in both personal and professional well-being. Addressing burnout through coping mechanisms and better work-life balance is essential. Moral injury occurs when physicians are forced to act against their moral beliefs due to systemic flaws, leading to inner conflict. Unlike burnout, which is often attributed to individual resilience, moral injury points to issues within the medical system itself.
» Anxiety and depressive disorders can alter an individual's ability to participate in work and daily function. Among orthopedic surgeons, burnout has been described as an occupational hazard associated with medical errors, as well as with physical and mental exhaustion. Orthopedic surgeons face a burnout rate ranging between 40% and 60%. Tragically, they also have the highest suicide rate, comprising 28.2% of surgeon suicides from 2007 to 2013.
» More flexible work hours, adequate time off, and efficient workflow are methods that can be used to improve the work environment, as well as providing easy access to mental health counseling and confidential support groups. Research has shown that residents do not utilize employee assistance programs; however, programs with directors that regularly inquire about well-being has led to increased well-being and use of assistance programs and groups.
Anterior Knee Pain and Knee Functional Scores Following Common Approaches to Tibial Shaft Fractures
Authors: Parikh Sarthak , Marsh Laurel , Anderson Mateao , Scott Jeremy , Patel Amar , Hendrix Christopher , Abtahi Keivan 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Tibial shaft fractures are common, causing substantial morbidity. Intramedullary nailing offers advantages but often leads to anterior knee pain and functional issues.

Methods:
Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we conducted a systematic review on outcomes for different surgical approaches—suprapatellar (SP), infrapatellar (IP), medial parapatellar (MPP), and lateral parapatellar (LPP). Searches across Ovid, Embase, and PubMed identified studies from 2000 to 2023, including retrospective and prospective studies, randomized controlled trials, and case series on anterior knee pain and functional outcomes postsurgery. Bias was assessed using Cochrane's RoB2.

Results:
Of 27 studies, 8 were noncomparative (3 SP, 3 IP, 1 MPP, 1 LPP), showing varied anterior knee pain and function outcomes. Comparative studies (12 SP vs. IP, 5 MPP vs. IP) indicated better patient-reported outcomes for SP over IP in anterior knee pain and knee function. Comparative data for MPP and LPP remain limited. Overall RoB was low.

Conclusion:
SP has better patient-reported outcomes and lower anterior knee pain than IP. MPP and LPP approaches are promising but lack robust comparative data. Further large, prospective trials are needed to clarify optimal approaches for tibial shaft fractures.

Level of Evidence:

Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Neurofeedback for Anorexia — RelaxNeuron — Aimed in Dissolving the Root Neuronal Cause
Authors: Matsuyanagi Kana 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by an relentless pursuit of thinness and strict restriction of food. The current therapeutic approaches for AN predominantly revolve around outpatient psychotherapies, which create significant financial barriers for the majority of affected patients, hindering their access to treatment. Nonetheless, AN exhibits one of the highest mortality and relapse rates among psychological disorders, underscoring the urgent need to provide patients with an affordable self-treatment tool, enabling those unable to access conventional medical intervention to address their condition autonomously. To this end, a novel neurofeedback software, termed RelaxNeuron, was developed with the objective of providing an economical and portable means to aid individuals in self-managing AN. Electroencephalography was chosen as the preferred modality for RelaxNeuron, as it aligns with the study's goal of supplying a cost-effective and convenient solution for addressing AN. The primary aim of the software is to ameliorate the negative emotional responses towards food stimuli and the accompanying aberrant eye-tracking patterns observed in AN patients, ultimately alleviating the profound fear towards food—an elemental symptom and, conceivably, the fundamental etiology of AN. The core functionality of RelaxNeuron hinges on the acquisition and analysis of Electroencephalography signals, alongside an electrocardiogram signal, to infer the user's emotional state while viewing dynamic food-related imagery on the screen. Moreover, the software quantifies the user's performance in accurately tracking the moving food image. Subsequently, these two parameters undergo further processing in the subsequent algorithm, informing the delivery of either negative or positive feedback to the user. Preliminary test results have exhibited promising outcomes, suggesting the potential advantages of employing RelaxNeuron in the treatment of AN, as evidenced by its capacity to enhance emotional regulation and attentional processing through repetitive and persistent therapeutic interventions.
Spin-dependent thermoelectric properties of a hybrid ferromagnetic metal/quantum dot/topological insulator junction
Authors: Trocha Piotr 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The thermoelectric properties of hybrid system based on a single-level quantum dot coupled to a ferromagnetic metallic lead and attached to the surface states of a three-dimensional topological insulator are theoretically investigated. On the surface of a three-dimensional topological insulator, massless helical Dirac fermions emerge.We calculate the thermoelectric coefficients, including electrical conductance, Seebeck coefficient (thermopower), heat conductance, and the figure of merit, using the nonequilibrium Green’s function technique. The results are analyzed in terms of the emergence of new effects. The calculations are performed within the Hubbard I approximation concerning the dot's Coulomb interactions. Additionally, the spin-dependent coupling of the quantum dot to the ferromagnetic lead lifts the spin degeneracy of the dot's level, which influences the transport properties of the system. We incorporate this effect perturbatively to obtain the spin-dependent renormalization of the dot's level.We also consider the case of finite spin accumulation in the ferromagnetic electrode, which leads to spin thermoelectric effects.
TP53 mutation at codon 179 metabolically reprograms cancer cells to promote invasion
Authors: Mehta Sunali , Sarkar Debina , Gyanwali Gaurav , Patel Jaishree , Shevchuk Polina , Woolley Adele , Wang Selena , Sardari Maryam , Siddiqui Halima , Ratajska Magdalena , Sarwar Makhdoom , Drummond Catherine , McKinney Cushla , Antony Jisha , McCormick Sally , Braithwaite Antony 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Mutations in the tumor suppressor, TP53, are prevalent in human cancers; yet their functional implications remain unclear. Through comprehensive pan-cancer database analysis, we identified H179 mutations in TP53 as significantly associated with poor disease-free survival across multiple cancer types. Functional studies in lung, ovarian, and prostate cancer cells overexpressing the p53H179R/Y mutants revealed that these mutants are not only defective in tumor-suppressive functions but also actively promote tumor progression. These mutants induce metabolic reprogramming by increasing neutral lipid levels, lipid droplet formation, and the expression of apolipoprotein E (APOE), leading to enhanced invasiveness in 3D collagen models compared to p53 null cells. Moreover, APOE levels were also elevated in patients whose tumor had mutations at codon 179 of TP53. These findings underscore the critical role of TP53 codon 179 mutations in driving cancer progression and highlight potential therapeutic targets for mitigating their impact.
Around the world in 1500 SNPs: cross-kingdom genomics across global taxa highlights optimised sampling for accurate genetic diversity assessments
Authors: Brunton Aaron , Farleigh Keaka , Brunton Elizabeth , Cristescu Romane , Ross  , Hohweiler Katrin , Holmes Bonnie , Kozakiewicz Chris , Levengood Alexis , Schoeman David , Ogbourne Steven , Conroy Gabriel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Population genetics is rapidly evolving in the genomics era, with next-generation sequencing providing researchers with access to vast and diverse genetic datasets. While these advancements present significant opportunities, key questions remain about the optimal sample sizes and number of genetic markers, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), needed for robust studies. This is particularly relevant to conservation genetics, where large sample sizes may be impractical for rare species or fragmented populations. To address these challenges, we analysed a global dataset of genotypes derived from various DNA sources (scat, blood, animal tissue, leaf) to explore how sample size and SNP count affect estimates of genetic diversity. Our findings showed that a sample size of ten individuals, combined with 1500 SNP markers, can provide accurate genetic diversity estimates across diverse taxa and sequencing approaches. Sensitivity analysis and random resampling revealed that a small sample size can reliably capture within-population diversity with minimal error, challenging traditional assumptions that larger sample sizes are always necessary for meaningful genomic insights. Although some taxa displayed instability in heterozygosity indices at smaller sample sizes, stability was typically reached within two to ten individuals and between 500-1500 SNPs. This study not only provides practical guidelines for efficient genomic assessments but also emphasises the potential for smaller, more targeted sampling strategies in biodiversity conservation. By integrating empirical findings with theoretical frameworks, we lay the groundwork for future research and resource-efficient approaches that address contemporary conservation challenges without compromising data accuracy.
A Feasibility Study of Urban Green Space Design in the Form of Smart Arid Landscaping with Rainwater Harvesting
Authors: Askari Kaveh Ostad Ali 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

This study proposes a method for designing a smart arid landscaping for urban green spaces, industrial and administrative units together with rainwater harvesting. Considering the zone with a suitable slope and two permeable and impermeable layers with a drainage network between them, runoff from rainfall can be harvested. To avoid installation of various drainages with no economic benefits, rhombus-shaped systems are created collect and carry the rainfall into the enterance of the drainages that transport water to the target reservoir. This method significantly increases the economic profitability, reduces water consumption, optimally uses harvested water and help maintaining water reservoirs. Environmental data, including daily rainfall, runoff from rainfall, evaporation and temperature of the soil, are monitored to assess the design. Results from this design indicate that runoff from rainfall and soil moisture increase up to twice and 5%, respectively. Another benefit is that soil heat and evaporation declining which leads to reduction of water consumption in target green spaces.
Cacao Plant Disease Detection and Classification
Authors: Tovurawa Emmanuel , Dlamini Blessing , Moore Stephen E. , Marivate Vukosi , Modupe Abiodun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Food security is a vital aspect of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which aims to promote sustainable farming in the world. Farming-driven economies such as Ghana are faced with challenges due to plant diseases. Cacao, a vital crop in Ghana is severely impacted with diseases which affect its yield and decrease exports revenue through reduced exports. Leveraging deep learning techniques offers an effective solution for early detection of diseases in cacao plants. This study adopts a comprehensive approach, starting with an Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) of the dataset containing images of both healthy and diseased cacao plants from Ghanaian farms. Using exploratory data analysis (EDA), we can identify patterns and understand the characteristics of the dataset, laying a solid foundation for developing robust machine learning models tailored to the specific challenges faced by Ghanaian cacao farmers. Our approach involves developing and evaluating deep learning models to detect and classify cacao plant diseases. These models are designed with the Predictability, Compatibility, and Stability (PCS) framework in mind, ensuring reliability and effectiveness in disease detection. The custom convolution neural network (CNN) model outperformed other models considered in experimental analysis. This study aims to revolutionize cacao farming through precise, stable, and ethical deep learning solutions, ultimately enhancing crop resilience, productivity, and the livelihood of Ghanaian farmers.