bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Memory in the digital age
Authors: Mandolessi Silvana 
Published: August 2023

This article explores the configuration of collective memory under the impact of the digital turn. In recent debates, there has been a marked tendency to interpret ‘digital memory’ as a new type of memory, which is radically different from the traditional conceptualization. Even leading authors in the field claim that the digital revolution implies the end of collective memory. However, I argue that despite the transformations that memory undergoes in the digital age, these changes do not imply a new ontology of memory but rather a materialization of the theoretical claims made by Memory Studies since the field's inception. To support this hypothesis, I analyze digital memory in relation to three topics: first, I focus on the problematic definition of collective memory to demonstrate how the digital realm allows us to rethink the social nature of memory through a different concept of the social. By contrasting Halbwachs' notion of the social, which forms the basis of memory studies, with the alternative proposal of Gabriel Tarde, I argue that the latter enables us to refine the concept of the ‘collective’ that we have inherited from the founding figure of memory studies. Second, I delve into the new ontology of the digital archive showing how it materializes one of the defining features of collective memory: its mobile, dynamic, and procedural nature. Lastly, I address the inversion of the dialectic between memory and forgetting to highlight the specificity of these practices in the digital environment. I demonstrate how these changes effectively implement, surpassing older technologies, the concept of collective memory as a distributed and dynamic technological process that shapes our shared representations of the past.
COVID-19 vaccination and leprosy–A UK hospital-based retrospective cohort study
Authors: de Barros Barbara , Pierce Rachel , Sprenger Cathryn , Ong Eugene Liat Hui , Walker Stephen L. 
Published: August 2023

Background
Individuals with leprosy are at risk of leprosy reactions, T-cell mediated immunological complications, which lead to nerve function impairment. Leprosy reactions require systemic immunosuppression which is a risk factor for severe COVID-19. Vaccination for SARS-CoV-2 infection is recommended in the UK and became widely available in 2021 with individuals at increased risk of severe disease, including the immunosuppressed, prioritised.
Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 may provoke a T cell response. The latter poses a theoretical risk of provoking an immunological response to latent Mycobacterium leprae infection leading to clinical disease or in those with clinical disease triggering a leprosy reaction. BCG vaccination is associated with the development of leprosy in a small proportion of healthy contacts of people with leprosy within twelve weeks of administration. BCG causes a Th1 immune response.

Methodology/Principal findings
We performed a retrospective cohort study to determine the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status of individuals diagnosed with leprosy attending the Leprosy Clinic in 2021 and whether any had developed leprosy or experienced a new leprosy reaction within twelve weeks of receiving a dose of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. The electronic patient records were used to retrieve data.
Fifty-two individuals with leprosy attended the clinic in 2021 of which five people were newly diagnosed with leprosy. Thirty-seven (71%) were male and the median age was 48.5 years old (Range 27–85 years). Eight (15.4%) individuals were taking multi-drug therapy (MDT) and eight (15.4%) had completed MDT within three years of the study. Twenty-two (41.5%) individuals were prescribed a systemic immunosuppressant drug during 2021. Ten (18.9%) individuals have one or more risk factors for severe COVID-19. The SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status of fifty (96%) were recorded of which forty-nine were vaccinated (98%). One individual had declined vaccination.
One individual was diagnosed with borderline tuberculoid (BT) leprosy having developed red skin lesions with reduced sensation (which increased in size and number) and thickened peripheral nerves one week after a second dose of BNT162b2 vaccine. Another individual who had completed MDT more than three years earlier developed red plaques and tender thickened nerves consistent with a leprosy Type 1 reaction eight weeks after a single dose of BNT162b2 vaccine (having received two doses of CoronaVac vaccine three months earlier).

Conclusions/Significance
The development of BT leprosy and a Type 1 reaction in another individual shortly after a dose of BNT162b2 vaccine may be associated with vaccine mediated T cell responses. The benefits of vaccination to reduce the risk of severe COVID-19 outweigh these unwanted events but data from leprosy endemic countries may provide further information about potential adverse effects of augmented T cell responses in individuals with leprosy or latent M. leprae infection.
Avoiding scar tissue formation of peripheral nerves with the help of an acellular collagen matrix
Authors: Aman Martin , Mayrhofer-Schmid Maximilian , Schwarz Daniel , Bendszus Martin , Daeschler Simeon C. , Klemm Tess , Kneser Ulrich , Harhaus Leila , Boecker Arne H. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionExtensive scar tissue formation after peripheral nerve injury or surgery is a common problem. To avoid perineural scarring, implanting a mechanical barrier protecting the nerve from inflammation processes in the perineural environment has shown promising results for functional recovery. This study investigates the potential of an acellular collagen-elastin matrix wrapped around a peripheral nerve after induction of scar tissue formation.Materials and methodsIn the present study, 30 Lewis rats were separated into three groups and sciatic nerve scarring was induced with 2.5% glutaraldehyde (GA-CM) or 2.5% glutaraldehyde with a supplemental FDA-approved acellular collagen-elastin matrix application (GA+CM). Additionally, a sham group was included for control. Nerve regeneration was assessed by functional analysis using the Visual Statisc Sciatic Index (SSI) and MR neurography during the 12-week regeneration period. Histological and histomorphometry analysis were performed to evaluate the degree of postoperative scar tissue formation.ResultsHistological analysis showed an extensive scar tissue formation for GA-CM. Connective tissue ratio was significantly (p < 0.009) reduced for GA+CM (1.347 ± 0.017) compared to GA-CM (1.518 ± 0.057). Similarly, compared to GA+CM, MR-Neurography revealed extensive scar tissue formation for GA-CM with a direct connection between nerve and paraneural environment. Distal to the injury site, quantitative analysis presented significantly higher axon density (p = 0.0145), thicker axon diameter (p = 0.0002) and thicker myelinated fiber thickness (p = 0.0008) for GA+CM compared to GA-CM. Evaluation of functional recovery revealed a significantly faster regeneration for GA+CM.ConclusionThe supplemental application of an acellular collagen-elastin matrix showed beneficial effects in histological, radiological, and functional analysis. Therefore, applying a collagen-elastin matrix around the nerve after peripheral nerve injury or surgery may have beneficial effects on preventing scar tissue formation in the long run. This represents a feasible approach to avoid scar tissue formation in peripheral nerve surgery.
Biokapazitive Resilienz – Leitbild und Strategie zum Aufbau einer schützenden Raumökologie. Steuerungschancen für die Raumordnungspraxis im Kontext einer klimaresilienten Entwicklung?
Authors: Hüppauff Jakob 
Published: August 2023

Merely safeguarding ecologically spatial functions is not (or no longer) sufficient to maintain their ability to function in the course of climate change and under increasing pressure of use. Rather, a fundamental change of perspective also in spatial planning practice is required to build up a resilience-proof spatial ecology, especially due to the tension between biomass production, carbon storage and biodiversity protection. In this context, biocapacity resilience is put forward for discussion as an impetus for a guiding vision of spatial development. Possible opportunities for the actors of spatial planning are elaborated to better fulfil their regional steering mandate in the sense of precautionary planning under the lens of global challenges despite limited resources.
Optogenetic ion pumps differ with respect to the secondary pattern of K+ redistribution
Authors: Parrish R. Ryley , Jackson‐Taylor Tom , Voipio Juha , Trevelyan Andrew J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe recently reported that strong activation of the optogenetic chloride pump, halorhodopsin leads to a secondary redistribution of K+ ions into the cell, through tonically open, “leak” K+ channels. Here we show that this effect is not unique to halorhodopsin but is also seen with activation of another electrogenic ion pump, archaerhodopsin. The two opsins differ however in the size of the rebound rise in extracellular potassium, [K+]o, after the end of activation, which is far larger with halorhodopsin than for archaerhodopsin activation. Multiple linear regression modeling indicates that the variance in the postillumination surge in [K+]o was explained both by the size of the preceding, illumination‐induced drop in [K+]o and also by the type of opsin. These data provide additional support for the hypothesis that intense chloride‐loading of cells, as occurs naturally following intense bursts of GABAergic synaptic bombardment, or artificially following halorhodopsin activation, is followed by extrusion of both Cl− and K+ coupled together. We discuss this with respect to the pattern of [K+]o rise that occurs at the onset of seizure‐like events.
T‐tubule recovery after detubulation in isolated mouse cardiomyocytes
Authors: Tamkus Greta , Uchida Keita , Lopatin Anatoli N. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRemodeling of cardiac t‐tubules in normal and pathophysiological conditions is an important process contributing to the functional performance of the heart. While it is well documented that deterioration of t‐tubule network associated with various pathological conditions can be reversed under certain conditions, the mechanistic understanding of the recovery process is essentially lacking. Accordingly, in this study we investigated some aspects of the recovery of t‐tubules after experimentally‐induced detubulation. T‐tubules of isolated mouse ventricular myocytes were first sealed using osmotic shock approach, and their recovery under various experimental conditions was then characterized using electrophysiologic and imaging techniques. The data show that t‐tubule recovery is a strongly temperature‐dependent process involving reopening of previously collapsed t‐tubular segments. T‐tubule recovery is slowed by (1) metabolic inhibition of cells, (2) reducing influx of extracellular Ca2+ as well as by (3) both stabilization and disruption of microtubules. Overall, the data show that t‐tubule recovery is a highly dynamic process involving several central intracellular structures and processes and lay the basis for more detailed investigations in this area.
Importance of mechanical cues in regulating musculoskeletal circadian clock rhythmicity: Implications for articular cartilage
Authors: Dintwa Lekau , Hughes Clare E. , Blain Emma J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe circadian clock, a collection of endogenous cellular oscillators with an approximate 24‐h cycle, involves autoregulatory transcriptional/translational feedback loops to enable synchronization within the body. Circadian rhythmicity is controlled by a master clock situated in the hypothalamus; however, peripheral tissues are also under the control of autonomous clocks which are coordinated by the master clock to regulate physiological processes. Although light is the primary signal required to entrain the body to the external day, non‐photic zeitgeber including exercise also entrains circadian rhythmicity. Cellular mechano‐sensing is imperative for functionality of physiological systems including musculoskeletal tissues. Over the last decade, mechano‐regulation of circadian rhythmicity in skeletal muscle, intervertebral disc, and bone has been demonstrated to impact tissue homeostasis. In contrast, few publications exist characterizing the influence of mechanical loading on the circadian rhythm in articular cartilage, a musculoskeletal tissue in which loading is imperative for function; importantly, a dysregulated cartilage clock contributes to development of osteoarthritis. Hence, this review summarizes the literature on mechano‐regulation of circadian clocks in musculoskeletal tissues and infers on their collective importance in understanding the circadian clock and its synchronicity for articular cartilage mechanobiology.
Dirichlet problems involving the Hardy-Leray operators with multiple polars
Authors: Chen Huyuan , Chen Xiaowei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOur aim of this article is to study qualitative properties of Dirichlet problems involving the Hardy-Leray operatorℒV≔−Δ+V{{\mathcal{ {\mathcal L} }}}_{V}:= -\Delta +V, whereV(x)=∑i=1mμi∣x−Ai∣2V\left(x)={\sum }_{i=1}^{m}\frac{{\mu }_{i}}{{| x-{A}_{i}| }^{2}}, withμi≥−(N−2)24{\mu }_{i}\ge -\frac{{\left(N-2)}^{2}}{4}being the Hardy-Leray potential containing the polars’ setAm={Ai:i=1,…,m}{{\mathcal{A}}}_{m}=\left\{{A}_{i}:i=1,\ldots ,m\right\}inRN{{\mathbb{R}}}^{N}(N≥2N\ge 2). Since the inverse-square potentials are critical with respect to the Laplacian operator, the coefficients{μi}i=1m{\left\{{\mu }_{i}\right\}}_{i=1}^{m}and the locations of polars{Ai}\left\{{A}_{i}\right\}play an important role in the properties of solutions to the related Poisson problems subject to zero Dirichlet boundary conditions. LetΩ\Omegabe a bounded domain containingAm{{\mathcal{A}}}_{m}. First, we obtain increasing Dirichlet eigenvalues:ℒVu=λuinΩ,u=0on∂Ω,{{\mathcal{ {\mathcal L} }}}_{V}u=\lambda u\hspace{1.0em}{\rm{in}}\hspace{0.33em}\Omega ,\hspace{1.0em}u=0\hspace{1.0em}{\rm{on}}\hspace{0.33em}\partial \Omega ,and the positivity of the principle eigenvalue depends on the strengthμi{\mu }_{i}and polars’ setting. When the spectral does not contain the origin, we then consider the weak solutions of the Poisson problem(E)ℒVu=νinΩ,u=0on∂Ω,\left(E)\hspace{1.0em}\hspace{1.0em}{{\mathcal{ {\mathcal L} }}}_{V}u=\nu \hspace{1em}{\rm{in}}\hspace{0.33em}\Omega ,\hspace{1.0em}u=0\hspace{1em}{\rm{on}}\hspace{0.33em}\partial \Omega ,whenν\nubelongs toLp(Ω){L}^{p}\left(\Omega ), withp>2NN+2p\gt \frac{2N}{N+2}in the variational framework, and we obtain a global weightedL∞{L}^{\infty }estimate whenp>N2p\gt \frac{N}{2}. When the principle eigenvalue is positive andν\nuis a Radon measure, we build a weighted distributional framework to show the existence of weak solutions of problem(E)\left(E). Moreover, via this weighted distributional framework, we can obtain a sharp assumption ofν∈Cγ(Ω¯\Am)\nu \in {{\mathcal{C}}}^{\gamma }\left(\bar{\Omega }\setminus {{\mathcal{A}}}_{m})for the existence of isolated singular solutions for problem(E)\left(E).
Tracking behavioral changes of confined sows from the first mating to the third parity
Authors: Lv Fanglu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The occurrence pattern of stereotypic behavior in high-parity confined sows is still unclear. We continually observed the behavioral changes in activity-restricted sows from the first mating to the end of the third parity. The results showed that the second- or third-parity weaned sows exhibited more vacuum chewing and total oral behavior than the first-parity sows. The vacuum chewing of sows in the second and third pregnancies was significantly more than that of the first-pregnancy sows at each stage of pregnancy, and the total oral behavior changed similarly. The sitting of sows in the second and third pregnancies was significantly more than that of the first-pregnancy sows in the early stage of pregnancy, whereas sitting behavior in the third pregnancy was significantly more than that in the middle stages of the first and second pregnancies. Vacuum chewing or sitting was positively correlated with confinement duration. In summary, vacuum chewing and sitting behaviors in sows confined from the first mating were significantly affected by parity. From the late stage of the first pregnancy to the middle stage of the second pregnancy is the key period of stereotypic behavior development for low-parity sows.
Thek-Generalized Lucas Numbers Close to a Power of 2
Authors: Açikel Abdullah , Irmak Nurettin , Szalay László 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTLetk≥ 2 be a fixed integer. Thek-generalized Lucas sequence{Ln(k)}n≥0\[{{\left\{ L_{n}^{\left( k \right)} \right\}}_{n\ge 0}}\]starts with the positive integer initial valuesk, 1, 3, …, 2k−1– 1, and each term afterward is the sum of thekconsecutive preceding elements. An integernis said to be close to a positive integermifnsatisfies|n−m|<m\[\left| n-m \right|<\sqrt{m}\]. In this paper, we combine these two concepts. We solve completely the diophantine inequality|Ln(k)−2m|<2m/2\[\left| L_{n}^{\left( k \right)}-{{2}^{m}} \right|<{{2}^{m/2}}\]in the non-negative integersk,n, andm. This problem is equivalent to the resolution of the equationLn(k)=2m+t\[L_{n}^{\left( k \right)}={{2}^{m}}+t\]with the condition |t| < 2m/2,t∈ℤ\[t\in \mathbb{Z}\]. We also discovered a new formula forLn(k)\[L_{n}^{\left( k \right)}\]which was very useful in the investigation of one particular case of the problem.
New kink-periodic and convex–concave-periodic solutions to the modified regularized long wave equation by means of modified rational trigonometric–hyperbolic functions
Authors: Alquran Marwan , Najadat Omar , Ali Mohammed , Qureshi Sania 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The significance of different types of periodic solutions in nonlinear equations is vital across various practical applications. Our objective in this study was to uncover novel forms of periodic solutions for the modified regularized long wave equation. This particular model holds great importance in the realm of physics as it characterizes the propagation of weak nonlinearity and space-time dispersion waves, encompassing phenomena like nonlinear transverse waves in shallow water, ion-acoustic waves in plasma, and phonon waves in nonlinear crystals. By employing the methodology of modified rational sine-cosine and sinh–cosh functions, we successfully derived new kink-periodic and convex–concave-periodic solutions. To showcase the superiority of our proposed approach, we conducted a comparative analysis with the alternative Kudryashov-expansion technique. Furthermore, we visually depicted the diverse recovery solutions through 2D and 3D plots to enhance the understanding of our findings.
Design der 5 MN·m Drehmoment-Normalmesseinrichtung
Authors: Kahmann Holger , Geva Kai , Schlegel Christian , Kumme Rolf , Härtig Frank 
Published: August 2023

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Artikel beschreibt den finalen Aufbau und das Funktionsprinzip der neuen 5 MN·m Drehmoment-Normalmesseinrichtung (Dm-NME) der Physikalisch-Technischen Bundesanstalt (PTB). Die Maschine ist für mechanische Mehrkomponentenbelastung ausgelegt und kann neben dem Drehmoment, eine Axialkraft, Biegemomente und Querkräfte auf den Prüfling übertragen. Das Design der Maschine ist so optimiert, daß die Einflüsse parasitärer Komponenten auf das Hauptdrehmoment weitgehend reduziert werden.
Chancensicherung für alle Kinder
Authors: Welskop-Deffaa Eva M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The opportunities of children and young people in social and cultural life in Germany depend to a large extent on the disposable income of their parents. Against this background the question arises: What can be done for poor families to improve opportunities for all children? In addition to a basic guarantee of a family-friendly social infrastructure, the guaranteed child allowance (Kindergrundsicherung) was proposed as a financial contribution to securing opportunities for children. After one year of unfruitful political debate about the funding of the guaranteed child allowance, the support for the project is shrinking.
Effects of Adult Age and Functioning of the Locus Coeruleus Norepinephrinergic System on Reward-Based Learning
Authors: Chen Hsiang-Yu , Marxen Michael , Dahl Martin J. , Glöckner Franka 
Published: August 2023

Age-related impairments in value representations and updating during decision-making and reward-based learning are often related to age-related attenuation in the catecholamine system such as dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE). However, it is unclear to what extent age-related declines in NE functioning in humans affect reward-based decision-making. We conducted a probabilistic decision-making task and applied a Q-learning model to investigate participants’ anticipatory values and value sensitivities. Task-related pupil dilations and locus coeruleus (LC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast, which served as a potential window of the LC-NE functions, were assessed in younger and older adults. Results showed that in both choice and feedback phases, younger adults’ (N= 42, 22 males) pupil dilations negatively correlated with anticipatory values, indicating uncertainty about outcome probabilities. Uncertainty-evoked pupil dilations in older adults (N= 41, 27 males) were smaller, indicating age-related impairments in value estimation and updating. In both age groups, participants who showed a larger uncertainty-evoked pupil dilation exhibited a higher value sensitivity as reflected in the β parameter of the reinforcement Q-learning model. Furthermore, older adults (N= 34, 29 males) showed a lower LC-MRI contrast than younger adults (N= 25, 15 males). The LC-MRI contrast positively correlated with value sensitivity only in older but not in younger adults. These findings suggest that task-related pupillary responses can reflect age-related deficits in value estimation and updating during reward-based decision-making. Our evidence with the LC-MRI contrast further showed the age-related decline of the LC structure in modulating value representations during reward-based learning.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAge-related impairments in value representation and updating during reward-based learning are associated with declines in the catecholamine modulation with age. However, it is unclear how age-related declines in the LC-NE system may affect reward-based learning. Here, we show that compared with younger adults, older adults exhibited reduced uncertainty-induced pupil dilations, suggesting age-related deficits in value estimation and updating. Older adults showed a lower structural MRI of the LC contrast than younger adults, indicating age-related degeneration of the LC structure. The association between the LC-MRI contrast and value sensitivity was only observed in older adults. Our findings may demonstrate a pioneering model to unravel the role of the LC-NE system in reward-based learning in aging.