bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive review and meta-regression analysis of randomized controlled trials examining the impact of vitamin B12 supplementation on homocysteine levels
Authors: Sohouli Mohammad Hassan , Almuqayyid Faisal , Alfardous Alazm Aya , Ziamanesh Fateme , Izze da Silva Magalhães Elma , Bagheri Seyedeh Elaheh , Rodrigues de Oliveira Bianca , Alfardous Alazm Mahmoud , Adi Abdul Rahman , Alomar Sara , Abu-Zaid Ahmed 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Context
Although some research suggests that vitamin B12 (hereafter, B12) supplements can lower homocysteine (Hcy) levels and treat hyperhomocysteinemia, these results are still ambiguous when B12 is taken as an isolated supplement.

Objective
This study sought to determine how existing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) could be used to examine the effects of B12 supplementation on Hcy.

Data Sources
To find pertinent RCTs up to June 2022, databases, including PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Embase, were searched.

Data Extraction
All selected RCTs investigated the impact of B12 supplements on Hcy. A meta-analysis of the eligible studies was performed using the random-effects model.

Data Analysis
This review included a total of 21 RCTs (N = 1625 participants). Hcy levels were significantly lower after B12 supplementation compared with the control group (pooled weighted mean difference, –4.15 μmol/L; 95% confidence interval, –4.86, –3.45; P &lt; 0.001), and this reduction was even greater with intervention durations ≥12 weeks and doses &gt;500 µg/d. Furthermore, the effect of B12 supplementation in the form of hydroxocobalamin on the reduction of Hcy level was greater compared with other forms.

Conclusion
In conclusion, this meta-analysis shows that B12 supplementation has a positive impact on lowering blood Hcy levels, particularly when administered for a longer period and at a larger dose.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022364066
The psychological basis of hunger and its dysfunctions
Authors: Stevenson Richard J 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This article describes a new and emerging psychological perspective on hunger, together with the implications of that perspective, which is based upon learning and memory. Hunger is a psychological state characterized by a desire to eat. Historically, conceptions of hunger have largely been expressed in terms of physiology (eg, biological process X causes hunger). However, physiology neither offers a psychological account of hunger nor explains why memory impairment can eliminate hunger. Two forms of hunger are identified – specific and general. Specific hunger is for particular palatable foods. It involves recollecting episodic memories of eating that food, when an associated cue is encountered (eg, an advert). General hunger is a desire to eat triggered by temporal (eg, it is lunchtime) or interoceptive (eg, tummy rumble) cues. It involves semantic memory retrieval, which then augments the expected – remembered – pleasure for any food. Both hungers are supported by the medial temporal lobe memory system. Damage to this system can occur from eating a Western-style diet and, longer-term, from obesity and its consequences. Medial temporal lobe memory damage may cause deficits in specific hunger, but most especially in general hunger, resulting in little motivation to eat foods that the individual considers to be of low-to-moderate palatability, such as fruit and vegetables. The implications of this account for teaching people hunger, for how hunger is affected by diet, for public education, and pharmaceutical intervention, are discussed. Psychological concepts of hunger are widely used in nutritional practice. This article provides a new and emerging perspective on the psychological basis of hunger and its implications.
Activation of Strigolactone Biosynthesis by the DWARF14-LIKE/KARRIKIN-INSENSITIVE2 Pathway in Mycorrhizal Angiosperms, but Not in Arabidopsis, a Non-mycorrhizal Plant
Authors: Mashiguchi Kiyoshi , Morita Ryo , Tanaka Kai , Kodama Kyoichi , Kameoka Hiromu , Kyozuka Junko , Seto Yoshiya , Yamaguchi Shinjiro 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are a class of plant hormones that regulate many aspects of plant growth and development. SLs also improve symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the rhizosphere. Recent studies have shown that the DWARF14-LIKE (D14L)/KARRIKIN-INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2) family, paralogs of the SL receptor D14, are required for AMF colonization in several flowering plants, including rice. In this study, we found that (−)-GR5, a 2′S-configured enantiomer of a synthetic SL analog (+)-GR5, significantly activated SL biosynthesis in rice roots via D14L. This result is consistent with a recent report, showing that the D14L pathway positively regulates SL biosynthesis in rice. In fact, the SL levels tended to be lower in the roots of the d14l mutant under both inorganic nutrient-deficient and -sufficient conditions. We also show that the increase in SL levels by (−)-GR5 was observed in other mycorrhizal plant species. In contrast, the KAI2 pathway did not upregulate the SL level and the expression of SL biosynthetic genes in Arabidopsis, a non-mycorrhizal plant. We also examined whether the KAI2 pathway enhances SL biosynthesis in the liverwort Marchantia paleacea, where SL functions as a rhizosphere signaling molecule for AMF. However, the SL level and SL biosynthetic genes were not positively regulated by the KAI2 pathway. These results imply that the activation of SL biosynthesis by the D14L/KAI2 pathway has been evolutionarily acquired after the divergence of bryophytes to efficiently promote symbiosis with AMF, although we cannot exclude the possibility that liverworts have specifically lost this regulatory system.
Trends in cause-specific mortality: deaths of despair in Spain, 1980–2019
Authors: Piñeiro Bárbara , Spijker Jeroen J A , Trias-Llimós Sergi , Blanes Llorens Amand , Permanyer Iñaki 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Research from various countries has shown increases in alcohol- and drug-related deaths and suicide, known as ‘deaths of despair’ over recent decades, particularly among low-educated middle-aged individuals. However, little is known about trends in death-of-despair causes in Spain. Therefore, we aim to descriptively examine this among 25–64-year-olds from 1980 to 2019 and by educational attainment for the years 2017–19.

Methods
We obtained mortality and population data from the National Institute of Statistics to estimate age-standardized mortality rates and assess educational inequalities using the relative index of inequality (RII).

Results
Deaths of despair as a share of total mortality slightly increased from 2000 onwards, particularly among 25–64-year-old men (from 9 to 10%). Only alcohol-related mortality declined relatively more since 1980 compared with all-cause mortality. Regarding educational differences, low-educated men presented higher mortality rates in all death-of-despair causes (alcohol-related: RII 3.54 (95% CI: 2.21–5.66); drug-related: RII 3.49 (95% CI: 1.80–6.77); suicide: RII 1.97 (95% CI: 1.49–2.61)). Women noteworthy differences were only observed for alcohol-related (RII 3.50 (95% CI: 2.13–5.75)).

Conclusions
Findings suggest an increasing proportion of deaths of despair among 25–64-year-olds since 2000, particularly among men. Public health policies are needed to reduce and prevent these premature and preventable causes of mortality.
Patient skin dose measurement and risk of deterministic effect during fluoroscopy cardiac procedures
Authors: Nana Ruth Njantang , Inkoom Stephen , Moyo Maurice Ndontchueng , Mvoufo Fokou , Hasford Francis , Owusu-Manteaw Philip , Motapon Ousmanou 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study aimed at assessing patient’s peak skin doses (PSD) during fluoroscopy cardiac procedures and proposed a look up table to enhance patient’s dose management. Perspex phantom and thermoluminescent dosemeters (TLD) were irradiated for different dose levels with X-ray equipment (Philips Azurion 7). It was found that PSD measures were higher than the kerma at the interventional reference point [K (IRP)] reported with factors 1.55, 1.75 and 2.88 for anterior posterior (AP0o), left anterior oblique (LAO45o) and right anterior oblique (RAO45o), respectively. The equations describing the correlation between the PSD measured kerma area product and cumulative air kerma were found with R-square values of 0.98 and 0.99, respectively. The statistical analysis shows a strong linear correlation between PSD and K (IRP) (P-value = 0.05). It was also found that 27% of the patients population considered in this work, received a skin dose higher than the threshold of deterministic effect of 2 Gy and a look up table with the equation of fitness were proposed to be implemented in the facility for K (IRP) higher than 500 mGy.
Midfrontal theta as an index of conflict strength in approach–approach vs avoidance–avoidance conflicts
Authors: Levy Ariel , Enisman Maya , Perry Anat , Kleiman Tali 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The seminal theory of motivational conflicts distinguishes between approach–approach (AP-AP) conflicts, in which a decision is made between desirable alternatives, and avoidance–avoidance (AV-AV) conflicts, in which a decision is made between undesirable alternatives. The behavioral differences between AP-AP and AV-AV conflicts are well documented: abundant research showed that AV-AV conflicts are more difficult to resolve than AP-AP ones. However, there is little to no research looking into the neural underpinnings of the differences between the two conflict types. Here, we show that midfrontal theta, an established neural marker of conflict, distinguished between the two conflict types such that midfrontal theta power was higher in AV-AV conflicts than in AP-AP conflicts. We further demonstrate that higher midfrontal theta power was associated with shorter decision times on a single-trial basis, indicating that midfrontal theta played a role in promoting successful controlled behavior. Taken together, our results show that AP-AP and AV-AV conflicts are distinguishable on the neural level. The implications of these results go beyond motivational conflicts, as they establish midfrontal theta as a measure of the continuous degree of conflict in subjective decisions.
Determining the phosphorus release curve for Smizyme TS G5 2,500 phytase from 500 to 2,500 FTU/kg in nursery pig diets
Authors: Gaffield Katelyn N , Williams Hadley R , Becker Larissa L , DeRouchey Joel M , Woodworth Jason C , Tokach Mike D , Goodband Robert D , Gebhardt Jordan T , Faser Jill M 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A total of 320 pigs (Line 241 × 600, DNA, Columbus, NE; initially 11.9 ± 0.22 kg) were used in a 21-d growth study to determine the available P (aP) release curve for Smizyme TS G5 2,500 (Barentz, Woodbury, MN). At approximately 19 d of age, pigs were weaned, randomly allotted to pens, and fed common starter diets. Pigs were blocked by average pen body weight (BW) and randomly allotted to one of eight dietary treatments on day 18 postweaning, considered day 0 of the study. Dietary treatments were derived from a single basal diet and ingredients including phytase, monocalcium P, limestone, and sand were added to create the treatment diets. Treatments included three diets containing increasing inorganic P from monocalcium P (0.11%, 0.20%, and 0.28% aP), or five diets with increasing phytase (500, 1,000, 1,500, 2,000, or 2,500 FTU/kg) added to the diet containing 0.11% aP. All diets were corn–soybean meal–canola meal-based and were formulated to contain 1.24% standardized ileal digestibility Lys, 0.30% phytate P, and an analyzed Ca:P ratio of 1.10:1. Prior to the beginning of the study, all pigs were fed a diet containing 0.11% aP for a 2-d period (days 16 to 18 postweaning). At the conclusion of the study, one pig, closest to the mean weight of each pen, was euthanized and the right fibula, rib, and metacarpal were collected to determine bone ash, density, and total bone P. Bones were weighed while suspended in a vessel of water and the weights used to calculate bone density (Archimedes’ principle). For bone ash, bones were processed using the non-defatted method. For the overall experimental period, pigs fed increasing inorganic P had increased (quadratic, P ≤ 0.033) average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and final BW and a tendency for increased (quadratic, P ≤ 0.090) gain:feed ratio (G:F). Pigs fed increasing phytase had increased (quadratic, P ≤ 0.004) ADG, G:F, and final BW and increased (linear, P = 0.019) ADFI. For fibula, rib, and metacarpal characteristics, pigs fed increasing aP from inorganic P had increased (linear, P &lt; 0.001) bone ash weight, percentage bone ash, bone density, and bone P concentration. Additionally, pigs fed increasing phytase had increased (linear or quadratic, P &lt; 0.05) bone ash weight, percentage bone ash, bone density, and bone P. TheaP release curve generated for Smizyme TS G5 2,500 for percentage bone ash using data generated from all three bones is aP = (0.228 × FTU/kg) ÷ (998.065 + FTU/kg).
Engaging Mature-Age Workers Through Mature-Age Practices: Examining the Roles of Focus on Opportunities and Work Centrality
Authors: Zhou Lian , Zhan Yujie , Peng Jiamin , Chen Jian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Given the global trend of labor force aging and the ongoing challenge of engaging mature-age workers, researchers have begun to explore human resource practices that are tailored to the needs of mature-age workers. However, knowledge about how such practices influence older individuals’ motivation at work is limited. Drawing upon signaling theory, we developed and examined a model that specifies why and when mature-age practices are helpful in engaging mature-age workers. Using time-lagged data from 135 Chinese workers aged 40 years or above, we found that mature-age practices are associated with mature-age workers’ focus on opportunities. Moreover, mature-age practices had a positive indirect effect on mature-age workers’ work engagement through their focus on opportunities. This positive indirect effect of mature-age practices on work engagement via focusing on opportunities was stronger for mature-age workers with lower rather than higher work centrality. The findings are discussed in terms of their theoretical implications for the aging workforce management literature and practical implications are provided for managers seeking to engage mature-age workers.
Ocular involvement in allergic drug reactions
Authors: Fernandez Edward , Phillips Elizabeth , Saeed Hajirah N. 
Published: July 2023

Purpose of review
Many systemic medications have been observed to cause ocular toxicity. A subset of these reactions is thought to involve immunomodulation or a hypersensitivity reaction. As new medications are developed, ocular adverse effects are becoming increasingly prevalent. Herein we review immune-mediated drug reactions affecting they eye with special attention to the hypersensitivity mechanisms leading to ocular toxicity.

Recent findings
Recent work has focused on mechanisms and risk of immune-mediated ocular adverse drug reactions including genetic susceptibility and loss of ocular immune privilege.

Summary
Given the consequences of immune-mediated ocular adverse drug reactions, clinicians must be aware of these to facilitate early recognition and management. The prompt involvement of an ophthalmologist for diagnosis and management is often essential to preserve vision and avoid long-term morbidity.
Education via a mobile application improves health literacy after orthopaedic trauma
Authors: Brostowitz Norah J. , Heimke Isabella M. , Alejo Andrew , Vallier Heather A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objectives:
Health literacy is often poor among trauma patients. We introduced an educational mobile application to newly injured patients. We hypothesized that patients who utilized the app would be more informed about their injury and treatment recommendations, and that app users would demonstrate greater adherence to treatment recommendations.

Design:
Prospective, cohort study

Setting:
Level 1 trauma center
Patients/participants: Adult patients with acute orthopaedic injury

Intervention:
App with educational information about injuries, treatment, and recovery. bit.ly/traumaapp

Main Outcome Measurements:
Survey regarding knowledge about injury and treatment, and adherence to recommendations

Results:
339 patients were enrolled: 187 received information about the app; 105 of them used the app. Another 234 patients had no prior knowledge about the app. App users were more often female (56.2% vs. 37.6%, p=0.002). App users were more likely to have completed college (34.3% vs. 13.7%, p<0.0001). Better health literacy was noted among app users in all measurements, including knowledge of: fracture location (69% vs. 39%, p<0.0001), treatment (100% vs. 93%, p=0.002), weightbearing status (96% vs. 88%, p=0.001), estimated healing time (63% vs. 26%, p<0.0001), and DVT prophylaxis (93% vs. 81%, p=0.003).

Conclusions:
Patients who used the app were more likely to have accurate knowledge in all assessed categories, with over 99% reporting adherence to weightbearing recommendations. It is probable that this level of knowledge and engagement will enhance various outcomes after injury.

Level of evidence:
Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Soft Tissue Releases With Simultaneous Guided Growth Decrease Risk of Spastic Hip Displacement Recurrence
Authors: Hsu Cheng-Min , Sheu Huan , Lee Wei-Chun , Kao Hsuan-Kai , Yang Wen-E , Chang Chia-Hsieh 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Soft tissue release (STR) is an established treatment for spastic hip displacement, but recurrence of hip displacement is not uncommon. This study aims to (1) evaluate the recurrence of hip displacement after STR, (2) define associated factors of recurrence, and (3) elucidate the effects of guided growth on hip displacement recurrence.

Methods:
The study subjects included 66 individuals with spastic cerebral palsy treated by STR with or without guided growth for hip displacement. The treatment goal was the maintenance of migration percentage (MP) to <40%. Recurrence was defined by a rebound of the MP by 5% or more after the first postoperative year. Children with recurrence were compared with those without recurrence using the Mann-Whitney U test and the χ2 test. The risk factors for recurrence were evaluated using multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results:
Nineteen individuals (29%) had a recurrence of hip displacement after the first postoperative year. They sustained a 2-fold increase in the rate of treatment failure (P < 0.001) and reoperation (P = 0.04). Age, sex, motor function, and preoperative radiographic parameters were comparable between individuals with and without recurrence. The use of guided growth was associated with less risk of recurrence than without (5% and 39%, respectively, odds ratio = 0.01 to 0.45, respectively) despite the similar risk of failure (35% and 48%, respectively, odds ratio = 0.15 to 4.82).

Conclusions:
Recurrence of the MP >5% after the first postoperative year is an important early indicator for failure to control MP to <40% and reoperation. Guided growth not only decreases coxa valga but also reduces the risk of recurrent hip displacement after STR.

Level of Evidence:
Level III; case-control study.
Clinical and Radiographic Assessment of Adult Function After Blount Disease in Childhood: An Exercise in Futility
Authors: Makarov Marina R. , Polk Jordan L. , Shivers Claire R. , Jo Chan-Hee , Rathjen Karl E. , Birch John G. 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Few studies evaluate long-term function of patients with Blount disease. We sought to document patient radiographic and functional status 20 to 30 years after sugical treatment for infantile or adolescent Blount disease.

Methods:
We reviewed the medical records and radiographs of patients operated at our institution for Blount disease between 1985 and 1995. Over a 4-year period, we recruited subjects for an IRB-approved call-back study.

Results:
One hundred five patients were eligible for the call-back study. Thirty-one (30%) had a criminal record, 18 of sufficient gravity to preclude invitation to return. Of the remaining 87, 40 (46%) could not be contacted. Of 47 with valid contact information, 10 (21%) were reported as deceased (although this could not be objectively confirmed), 20 (43%) did not respond or failed to show for assessment, and 1 (2%) declined to participate. 16 subjects returned at average age 36, 22 to 31 years post-index surgery. Body mass index (BMI) averaged 45.8 (range 23.9 to 67.6). Physical Score correlated most strongly and inversely with BMI (P<0.01). Satisfaction with life correlated strongly and inversely with mechanical axis deviation (P=0.02) and radiographic osteoarthritis of the knee (P=0.02), but not BMI. There also was no correlation between severity of radiographic osteoarthritis and mechanical axis deviation (P=0.46) or BMI (P=0.52).

Conclusions:
The small fraction of patients returning for evalutation minimize clinical conclusions that can be drawn from this study, despite an intensive 4-year effort to conduct it. Management of obesity and other socioeconomic characteristics are likely the most important aspects of treatment of patients with Blount disease. Our primary conclusion is that meaningful long-term functional studies of pediatric orthopaedic conditions will not be answered by retrospective call-back studies, and must be conducted within prospective registries and regular longitudinal follow-up.

Level of Evidence:
III—Case-controlled study
Computerized Cognitive Training and 24-Month Mortality in Heart Failure
Authors: Jung Miyeon , Smith Asa B. , Giordani Bruno , Clark David G. , Gradus-Pizlo Irmina , Wierenga Kelly L. , Lake Kittie Reid , Pressler Susan J. 
Published: July 2023

Background
Cognitive dysfunction predicts mortality in heart failure (HF). Computerized cognitive training (CCT) has shown preliminary efficacy in improving cognitive function. However, the relationship between CCT and mortality is unclear. Aims were to evaluate (1) long-term efficacy of CCT in reducing 24-month mortality and (2) age, HF severity, global cognition, memory, working memory, depressive symptoms, and health-related quality of life as predictors of 24-month mortality among patients with HF.

Methods
In this prospective longitudinal study, 142 patients enrolled in a 3-arm randomized controlled trial were followed for 24 months. Logistic regression was used to achieve the aims.

Results
Across 24 months, 16 patients died (CCT, 8.3%; control groups, 12.8%). Computerized cognitive training did not predict 24-month mortality (odds ratio [OR], 0.65). Older age (OR, 1.08), worse global cognition (OR, 0.73), memory (OR, 0.81), and depressive symptoms (OR, 1.10) at baseline predicted 24-month mortality.

Conclusions
Efficacious interventions are needed to improve global cognition, memory, and depressive symptoms and reduce mortality in HF.