bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NON-NUTRITIVE SWEETENERS AND ITS HEALTH IMPLICATIONS -A REVIEW
Authors: Channesh Patel  , Sathya Kumaresan  
Published: January 2023

Nonnutritive sweeteners (NNS) have been widely used in various therapeutic and dairy products and have become an inseparable part of our routine life. They deliver far less calories and intense sweetness than their sugar-containing counterparts. The United States Food and Drug Administration recognizes Aspartame, saccharine, sucralose, neotame, acesulfame-K, and stevia safe for consumption by diabetics. They also aid in weight loss. However, there is inconclusive evidence to support most of their uses. In addition, the lack of interventional studies has proven inadequate to evaluate their efficacy in different populations like pregnant, breastfeeding women. Furthermore, the susceptible population comprising of diabetics, epileptic patients are more likely to sustain the deteriorating effects of NNS-containing products. The current review signifies the benefits and the potential risks of using them based on dietary guidelines.
El oncólogo práctico: El sidedness
Authors: Jankilevich Gustavo 
Published: January 2023

El cáncer de colon y recto es uno de los tumores más frecuentes y mortales en el hemisferio occidental.
En las últimas décadas hubo cambios importantes merced al desarrollo de campañas de prevención eficientes, cambios en la dieta, conocimiento de la oncogénesis, nuevos tratamientos y entrenamiento de centros y equipos de salud.
En la Argentina está dentro de las primeras cuatro causas de incidencia y mortalidad en ambos sexos y el número de casos, a diferencia de otros tumores, se incrementó en los últimos años1.
El acceso a la atención y tratamientos también están fragmentados en nuestro país, y muchas veces fuera de protocolo o sin gestión de calidad.
Para el oncólogo práctico y el equipo multidisciplinario del cual es parte, los factores pronósticos clásicos son el TNM y el perfomance status, estratificando a los pacientes y permitiendo su correcto plan de tratamiento.
Guías terapéuticas y consensos convergen sobre esos factores pronósticos y agregan predictivos (como el RAS y probablemente el BRAF) y propios de situaciones especiales (población “resecable” u “only”). Ello se ve reflejado en las guías de ESMO de 20162.
El colon, entendido como un órgano homogéneo, se trata de tal forma y constituye la base de nuestra asistencia diaria.
Sin embargo, en los últimos dos años han emergido dos nuevas piezas que nos ayudan a entender la fisiopatología del cáncer de colon y recto: la inmunología y el reconocimiento del colon como un órgano heterogéneo desde el plano fisiológico y molecular.
Spontaneous Volunteers in Emergencies and Disasters
Authors: Yükseler Mustafa , Yazgan Jale 
Published: January 2023

Spontaneous volunteers are often involved in response and relief efforts during and after emergencies and disasters. These volunteers perform various tasks: search and rescue, first aid, response to fires, distributing food and water, cleaning debris, and caring for animals. It is clear that spontaneous volunteers have played a vital role in preventing the loss of life and property following emergencies and disasters in the past. However, the lack of organization and knowledge about emergencies and disasters among these volunteers creates challenges and risks like liability and security issues. These factors make professional responders reluctant to use spontaneous volunteers in emergencies and disasters. By completing a literature review on the benefits, challenges, and risks of spontaneous volunteers in emergency and disaster response and relief activities, we aim that this study will speed up the fundamental studies on the topic. Creating strategies for these volunteers’ efficient usage and incorporating them into the current emergency and disaster management systems can significantly reduce disaster risks.
The Relationship between Microfinance Saving Services and SMEs Growth in Kenya: A Case Study of Manyatta Sub-Location, Kisumu, Kenya
Authors: Okoth Denis , Ogweno Jacob O , Okeyo Churchill 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The Purpose of the study was to establish the relationship between microfinance saving services and Small and Medium Enterprises’ growth in Manyatta Sub-County-Kisumu County.
Methodology: The research was anchored on the classic microfinance theory of change. The study employed correlation research design. Data was analyzed using Pearson’s correlation analysis, with a population size of 2500 small and medium enterprises. Using probability sampling technique, a sample size of 71 respondents was drawn from owners of the small and medium enterprises. Primary data was collected by administering questionnaires, observations and interviews and secondary data was collected from relevant books, journals and periodicals. Data was presented using frequency tables. The data was for the period 2011 to 2015. The test-retest coefficient was obtained to establish reliability of the research instruments as established by Fishers’ 0.7 coefficients.
Findings: The study found that the correlation coefficient between loan amount and problem servicing loan was (r = -0.299), favorable interest rates and income was (r = 0.322), favorable interest rates and profit was (r = 0.272). Also, favorable interest rates and loan investment was (r = 0.292) implying that there was statistical significance. The study also found out that the correlation coefficient between savings expand business and business expanded after one year was (r =0.385), profits and income was (r =0.369), income and investment was (r =0.321). This showed that there existed a relationship.
Conclusion: The study concluded that there exist a positive effect of Microfinance saving services on the growth of small and medium enterprises in Manyatta Sub-County in Kisumu County, Kenya.
Recommendations: The study recommends MFIs to offer financial training to assist SMEs in understanding the importance of savings to scale up economic growth. The study also recommends further research to establish more facts between savings and economic growth.
Nonsalivary Primary Adenocarcinomas of the Base of the Tongue: A Single Tertiary-Care Oncology Center Series of 6 Cases
Authors: Yadav Subhash , Mittal Neha , Rane Swapnil U. , Bal Munita , Patil Asawari , Ankathi Suman Kumar , Nair Deepa 
Published: January 2023

Context.—
Nonsalivary primary adenocarcinomas of the base of the tongue (PABOTs) are extremely rare and worth reporting.

Objective.—
To study the detailed clinicopathologic features of PABOT.

Design.—
Cases of PABOT diagnosed on pathology material were retrieved from the archived electronic surgical pathology records.

Results.—
Six cases in 4 men and 2 women (M:F ratio, 2:1), with an age range of 31 to 76 years, satisfied the criteria. The tumor epicenter was the base of the tongue in all (6 of 6; 100%), with extension to the epiglottis in 50% (3 of 6), nodal metastasis in 66.7% (4 of 6), and distant metastasis in 33.3% (2 of 6). On histology, all but one were pure adenocarcinoma. Five of 6 cases (83.3%) had a gastrointestinal (GI) phenotype, of which 2 (40%) had a colonic/lower-GI–type (small groups of cells floating in mucin, CK20+, SATB2+, and CDX2+) and 3 (60%) had an upper-GI–like adenocarcinoma (UGI-LA; malignant glands with intracellular mucin, CK7+) histology. Cystic structure suggestive of teratomatous origin was identified in 2 of 5 cases (40%), both with UGI-LA phenotype. The non–GI-type case had a unique histology with squamous differentiation in addition to adenocarcinoma areas, diffuse nuclear β-catenin on immunohistochemistry, and a corresponding exon 3 CTNNB1 mutation. One patient succumbed to disease, and 4 are alive with disease (follow-up of 1–9 months after completion of therapy).

Conclusions.—
We suggest using the broad term primary adenocarcinomas of the base of tongue (PABOTs), which can be further subdivided into colonic-type adenocarcinoma of the tongue and oral cavity, UGI-LA, and not otherwise specified categories, and reiterate a need for recognition and distinction of PABOT from salivary gland tumors. A subset originates from teratoid/duplication cysts, necessitating extensive sampling. Multicentric studies are essential to clinically and biologically prognosticate each of these categories.
Whole Mitochondrial Genome Analysis in Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Reveals Unique Tumor-Specific Somatic Mutations
Authors: Kim Moon-Young , Kim Hajin , Sung Jung-A , Koh Jaemoon , Cho Sohee , Chung Doo Hyun , Jeon Yoon Kyung , Lee Soong Deok 
Published: January 2023

Context.—
Mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA have been suggested to play a role in cancer initiation and progression. Knowledge of mitochondrial DNA could provide a breakthrough to advance cancer management.

Objective.—
To identify the mitochondrial DNA landscape in non–small cell lung carcinoma.

Design.—
The adenocarcinoma set consisted of 365 pairs of adenocarcinomas and normal lung tissues, whereas the metastasis set included 12 primary non–small cell carcinomas, 15 metastatic tumors, and their normal counterparts. Tumor-specific somatic variants were identified, and if a variant showed heteroplasmy, the proportion of minor alleles was evaluated. Variants with greater than 10% change in allele frequency between tumor and normal pairs were identified as “heteroplasmic shifts.”

Results.—
Tumor-specific variants appeared throughout the whole mitochondrial genome, without a common hot spot. Distinct variant profiles were seen in 289 (79.18%) of all individual adenocarcinomas. The presence of a unique profile and the number and loading of heteroplasmic shifts in tumors increased with higher stage or lymph node metastasis, and were related to shorter survival. In the metastasis set, the primary tumor variants were generally found in metastatic tumors.

Conclusions.—
This study shows that somatic mitochondrial DNA mutations present with diverse locations and unique profiles in each individual tumor, implying their clinicopathologic utility.
Pathology Job Search and Interview: Perspectives on the United States Experience
Authors: Singh Gurmukh , Savage Natasha M. , Bollag Roni J. , Booker David 
Published: January 2023

Context.—
Pathology training is focused on the attainment of clinical, diagnostic, and administrative skills. Preparation for employment search and the interview process are often neglected. Given that a near majority of pathology trainees in the United States are graduates of foreign medical schools, training in the job search and interview process according to local customs, norms, and expectations has greater salience for individuals new to the United States.

Objective.—
To offer perspectives on 2 components of the job search process: (1) finding a suitable job opening in academic and private practice settings and (2) preparing for an interview. We have provided a set of common interview questions and suggested preparatory methodology. The differences in the process and expectations in academic settings and private practice operations are highlighted. Engaging in the job search process early and networking are emphasized. We have also suggested approaches for pathology teachers and mentors in guiding trainees in a job search and preparation for an interview.

Data Sources.—
The information and opinions expressed in this communication are based on the personal experiences of 4 senior pathologists in academic and private practice settings.

Conclusions.—
Start networking early. Leverage contacts with teachers, attending pathologists, senior residents, and people at national meetings to locate appropriate job opportunities. Seek assistance from attending pathologists in preparing a curriculum vitae and cover letter. Prepare for the questions that may come up in an interview. A dress rehearsal for an interview is strongly recommended.
Incidence and Progression of Chorioretinal Folds During Long-Duration Spaceflight
Authors: Ferguson Connor R. , Pardon Laura P. , Laurie Steven S. , Young Millennia H. , Gibson C. Robert , Brunstetter Tyson J. , Tarver William J. , Mason Sara S. , Sibony Patrick A. , Macias Brandon R. 
Published: January 2023

ImportanceThe primary contributing factor for development of chorioretinal folds during spaceflight is unknown. Characterizing fold types that develop and tracking their progression may provide insight into the pathophysiology of spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome and elucidate the risk of fold progression for future exploration-class missions exceeding 12 months in duration.ObjectiveTo determine the incidence and presentation of chorioretinal folds in long-duration International Space Station crew members and objectively quantify the progression of choroidal folds during spaceflight.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this retrospective cohort study, optical coherence tomography scans of the optic nerve head and macula of crew members completing long-duration spaceflight missions were obtained on Earth prior to spaceflight and during flight. A panel of experts examined the scans for the qualitative presence of chorioretinal folds. Peripapillary total retinal thickness was calculated to identify eyes with optic disc edema, and choroidal folds were quantified based on surface roughness within macular and peripapillary regions of interest.Interventions or ExposuresSpaceflight missions ranging 6 to 12 months.Main Outcomes and MeasuresIncidence of peripapillary wrinkles, retinal folds, and choroidal folds; peripapillary total retinal thickness; and Bruch membrane surface roughness.ResultsA total of 36 crew members were analyzed (mean [SD] age, 46 [6] years; 7 [19%] female). Chorioretinal folds were observed in 12 of 72 eyes (17%; 6 crew members). In eyes with early signs of disc edema, 10 of 42 (24%) had choroidal folds, 4 of 42 (10%) had inner retinal folds, and 2 of 42 (5%) had peripapillary wrinkles. Choroidal folds were observed in all eyes with retinal folds and peripapillary wrinkles. Macular choroidal folds developed in 7 of 12 eyes (4 of 6 crew members) with folds and progressed with mission duration; these folds extended into the fovea in 6 eyes. Circumpapillary choroidal folds developed predominantly superior, nasal, and inferior to the optic nerve head and increased in prevalence and severity with mission duration.Conclusions and RelevanceChoroidal folds were the most common fold type to develop during spaceflight; this differs from reports in idiopathic intracranial hypertension, suggesting differences in the mechanisms underlying fold formation. Quantitative measures demonstrate the development and progression of choroidal folds during weightlessness, and these metrics may help to assess the efficacy of spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome countermeasures.
Supply process and levels of schoolchild care facilities on a basis of elementary school district in provincial cities: Case studies on Ube and Matsue Cities
Authors: Hosoda Tomohisa , Nakazono Mahito , Mishima Sachiko 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study aims to clarify the supply process in the status of each elementary school district with schoolchild care facilities, in the Ube and Matsue Cities. Since the latter half of the 1970s, Ube city has been advancing the facility supply, and Matsue city has been doing so since the early 1990s, reaching a facility establishment rate of 200% per elementary school district by around 2010. The facilities of the two cities satisfy the criteria for the number of people and area as a city‐wide average; however, the improvement of some overcrowded facilities is an issue.
Mind the Mood: Momentary Depression and Anxiety Moderate the Correspondence Between Subjective and Objective Cognitive Functioning in Fibromyalgia
Authors: Kairys Anson E. , Valentine Thomas R. , Whibley Daniel , Kratz Anna L. 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveSubjective cognitive dysfunction (SCD) affects 55–75% of individuals with fibromyalgia (FM), but those reporting cognitive difficulties often lack corresponding objective deficits. Symptoms of depression and anxiety are prevalent in FM and may account for part of this discrepancy. This study was undertaken to investigate whether momentary (within‐day, across 7 days) changes in mood moderate the relationship between within‐the‐moment SCD and mental processing speed performance.MethodsA total of 50 individuals with FM (mean age 44.8 years, mean education 15.7 years, 88% female, 86% White) completed momentary assessments of subjective cognitive functioning, depressive and anxious symptoms, and a test of processing speed. Assessments were completed 5 times per day for 8 consecutive days on a study‐specific smartphone application.ResultsMomentary ratings of SCD were positively associated with mean reaction time (P < 0.001) and variability of processing speed (P = 0.02). Depressive symptoms moderated the relationship between SCD and processing speed, with lower correspondence when depressive symptoms were higher (P = 0.03). A similar moderating effect was demonstrated for both depression (P = 0.02) and anxiety (P = 0.03) on the association between SCD and variability in processing speed performance.ConclusionIndividuals with FM may have more accurate self‐perception of momentary changes in mental processing speed during periods of less pronounced mood symptoms based on their corresponding objective processing speed performance. However, during moments of heightened depression and anxiety, we found increasingly less correspondence between SCD and objective performance, suggesting that psychological symptoms may play an important role in self‐perception of cognitive dysfunction in FM as it relates to mental processing speed.
Neuro‐adaptive practical prescribed‐time control for pure‐feedback nonlinear systems without accurate initial errors
Authors: Tan Yan , Wu Liucang 
Published: January 2023

SummaryThis article studies the problem of practical prescribed‐time tracking for pure‐feedback nonlinear systems, where the transient behavior, steady‐state precision, settling time as well as the rate of convergence can be preset irrespective of initial conditions. With the help of a time‐dependent function and a state‐dependent function, a simple coordinate transformation is established to construct a neuro‐adaptive controller to achieve the tracking purpose. In particular, the proposed controller does not need to update the design parameters in accordance with different initial conditions, which makes the controller more versatile. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated through two practical systems, namely, a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), and a robotic system.
Strategies for Integrating Metal Nanoparticles with Two‐Photon Polymerization Process: Toward High Resolution Functional Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Im Jisun , Liu Yaan , Hu Qin , Trindade Gustavo F. , Parmenter Christopher , Fay Michael , He Yinfeng , Irvine Derek J. , Tuck Christopher , Wildman Ricky D. , Hague Richard , Turyanska Lyudmila 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study reports the successful fabrication of complex 3D metal nanoparticle–polymer nanocomposites using two‐photon polymerization (2PP). Three complementary strategies are detailed: in situ formation of metal nanoparticles (MeNPs) through a single‐step photoreduction process, integration of pre‐formed MeNPs into 2PP resin, and site‐selective MeNPs decoration of 3D 2PP structures. In the in situ formation strategy, a phase‐transfer method is applied to transfer silver and copper ions from an aqueous phase into a toluene solvent to disperse them in photoreactive monomers.The addition of a photosensitive dye, coumarin 30, facilitated the reduction of silver ions and improved the distribution of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). This strategy is successfully used to produce other MeNPs, such as Cu and Au. The integration of pre‐formed MeNPs enabled highly controlled NP size distribution within the 2PP 3D structures with high‐fidelity To enable selective decoration of 2PP 3D surfaces with MeNPs, a multimaterial strategy is developed, with one of the resins designed for thiol‐ene reaction, which demonstrated selective binding to AuNPs. The successful development of complementary strategies for integration of MeNPs into 2PP resins offers exciting opportunities for fabrication of MeNP composites with sub‐micron resolution for applications from photonics to metamaterials and drug delivery.
Radial Sponges Facilitate Wound Healing by Promoting Cell Migration and Angiogenesis
Authors: Li Jiawen , Xiao Lingfei , Gao Shijie , Huang Huayi , Lei Qingjian , Chen Yan , Chen Zhe , Xue Longjian , Yan Feifei , Cai Lin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe topographic cues of wound dressings play important roles in regulating cellular behaviors, such as cellular migration and morphology, and are capable of providing a prolonged stimulus for promoting wound healing. However, 3D porous dressings that can guide wound healing from the periphery to the center are poorly studied. Herein, radial sponges with adjustable lamellar spacing and microridge spacing by ice templating are developed to facilitate wound healing. With denser lamellae and microridges, fibroblasts achieve a more orderly arrangement, a larger elongation, and a greater migration rate. Meanwhile, the elongated state enables human umbilical vein endothelial cells to vascularization. The faster healing rate and a higher degree of vascularization based on radial sponges are further demonstrated in full‐thickness skin defects in rats. Taken together, radial sponges with the densest lamellae and microridges perform the best in guiding the wound from the periphery to the center of the repair environment. It is believed that the proposed structure here can be combined with various biochemical factors to provide dressings with functions.
Construction of Vinyl‐SubstitutedN‐HeterocyclesviaRh(III)‐Catalyzed C−H Functionalization/Annulation of Pyrazolidinones
Authors: Zhang Shurui , Hu Shulei , Wang Kean , Yang Zhao , Liu Hong , Wang Jiang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe transition‐metal‐catalyzed C−H activation and annulation reactions of pyrazolidinones with 4‐vinyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐2‐one or vinylene carbonate are described herein. This protocol provided two types of pyrazolo[1,2‐a]cinnolines as essential assets for the development of bioactive compounds, and the synthetic practicality was performed and explained with 44 examples. The possible mechanism of these two reactions is proposed based on preliminary studies and previous reports, and no oxidant was added to both reactions.magnified image
Electromagnetic Reconfiguration Using Stretchable Mechanical Metamaterials
Authors: Sakovsky Maria , Negele Jan , Costantine Joseph 
Published: January 2023

AbstractResponse to environmental thermomechanical inputs in applications that range from wearable electronics to aerospace structures necessitates agile communication systems driven by reconfigurable electromagnetic structures. Antennas in these systems must dynamically preserve acceptable radiation characteristics while enabling on‐demand performance reconfiguration. However, existing reconfiguration mechanisms through stretchable conductors rely on high‐strain behavior in soft substrates, which limits their applicability. Herein, this work demonstrates the use of mechanical metamaterials for stretchable conductors and dielectrics in antennas. Metamaterials allow conductor stretching up to 30% with substrate base material tensile moduli ranging from 26 MPa to 44 GPa. It is shown, through several antenna designs, that mechanical metamaterials enable similar frequency reduction upon stretching as monolithic conductors, while simultaneously providing a miniaturization effect. The conductor patterning, furthermore, provides control over coupling between mechanical stretching and electromagnetic reconfiguration. This approach enables designing reconfigurable antenna functionality through metamaterial geometry in response to arising needs in applications ranging from body‐adapted electronics to space vehicles.