bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor‐Specific Peroxynitrite Overproduction Disrupts Metabolic Homeostasis for Sensitizing Melanoma Immunotherapy
Authors: Yang Lijun , Wang Dianyu , Jia Haixue , Yang Cuihong , Zhang Yumin , Li Hui , Liu Jinjian , Liu Jianfeng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTumor cells elicit metabolic reprogramming to establish an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) for escaping from immunosurveillance. Therefore, interrupting the metabolic adaptation of tumor cells may be a promising strategy for TME immunomodulation, favoring immunotherapy. In this work, a tumor‐specific peroxynitrite nanogenerator APAP‐P‐NO is constructed that can selectively disrupt metabolic homeostasis in melanoma cells. Stimulated by melanoma‐characteristic acid, glutathione, and tyrosinase, APAP‐P‐NO can efficiently generate peroxynitrite through the in situ coupling of the produced superoxide anion and released nitric oxide. Metabolomics profiling reveals that the accumulated peroxynitrite induces a great decrease in metabolites in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Meanwhile, the glycolysis‐produced lactate drops sharply both intracellularly and extracellularly under peroxynitrite stress. Mechanistically, peroxynitrite impairs the activity of glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase in glucose metabolism through S‐nitrosylation. The metabolic alterations effectively reverse the immunosuppressive TME to evoke potent antitumor immune responses, including polarization of M2‐like macrophages to M1phenotype, reduction of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells, and restoration of CD8+ T cell infiltration. Combining APAP‐P‐NO with anti‐PD‐L1 achieves a significant inhibition against both primary and metastatic melanomas without systemic toxicities. Collectively, a tumor‐specific peroxynitrite overproduction approach is developed and the possible mechanism of peroxynitrite‐mediated TME immunomodulation is explored, providing a new strategy for facilitating immunotherapy sensitivity.
Improved Performance of Organic Thermoelectric Generators Through Interfacial Energetics
Authors: Petsagkourakis I. , Riera‐Galindo S. , Ruoko T.‐P. , Strakosas X. , Pavlopoulou E. , Liu X. , Braun S. , Kroon R. , Kim N. , Lienemann S. , Gueskine V. , Hadziioannou G. , Berggren M. , Fahlman M. , Fabiano S. , Tybrandt K. , Crispin X. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe interfacial energetics are known to play a crucial role in organic diodes, transistors, and sensors. Designing the metal‐organic interface has been a tool to optimize the performance of organic (opto)electronic devices, but this is not reported for organic thermoelectrics. In this work, it is demonstrated that the electrical power of organic thermoelectric generators (OTEGs) is also strongly dependent on the metal‐organic interfacial energetics. Without changing the thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) of polythiophene‐based conducting polymers, the generated power of an OTEG can vary by three orders of magnitude simply by tuning the work function of the metal contact to reach above 1000 µW cm−2. The effective Seebeck coefficient (Seff) of a metal/polymer/metal single leg OTEG includes an interfacial contribution (Vinter/ΔT) in addition to the intrinsic bulk Seebeck coefficient of the polythiophenes, such that Seff = S + Vinter/ΔT varies from 22.7 µV K−1 [9.4 µV K−1] with Al to 50.5 µV K−1 [26.3 µV K−1] with Pt for poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):p‐toluenesulfonate [poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4‐styrenesulfonate)]. Spectroscopic techniques are used to reveal a redox interfacial reaction affecting locally the doping level of the polymer at the vicinity of the metal‐organic interface and conclude that the energetics at the metal‐polymer interface provides a new strategy to enhance the performance of OTEGs.
Developing Insoluble Polyoxometalate Clusters to Bridge Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Water Oxidation Photocatalysis
Authors: Hu Qiyu , Chen Shoushun , Wågberg Thomas , Zhou Hongshan , Li Shujun , Li Yiding , Tan Yilan , Hu Wenqi , Ding Yong , Han Xinbao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCluster catalysts are attractive for their atomically precise structures, defined compositions, tunable coordination environments, uniform active sites, and their ability to transfer multiple electrons, but they suffer from poor stability and recyclability. Here, we report a general approach to the direct insolubilization of a water soluble polyoxometalate (POM) [{(B‐α‐PW9O34)Co3(OH)(H2O)2(O3PC(O)‐(C3H6NH3)PO3)}2Co]14− (Co7) and formation of a series of POM‐based solid catalysts with the counter‐cations Ag+, Cs+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Pb2+, Y3+, and Ce3+. They exhibit improved catalytic activities for visible‐light‐driven water oxidation following the trend CsCo7>SrCo7>AgCo7>CeIIICo7>BaCo7>YCo7>PbCo7. While CsCo7 exhibits mainly homogeneous catalysis, the others are predominantly heterogeneous catalysts. An optimal oxygen yield of 41.3 % and a high apparent quantum yield (AQY) of 30.6 % for SrCo7 is obtained, which is comparable to that of the parent homogeneous POM. Band gap structures, UV/Vis spectra, and real‐time laser flash photolysis experiments collectively suggest that easier electron transfer from the solid POM catalyst to the photosensitizer promotes photocatalytic water oxidation performance. These solid POM catalysts exhibit good stability, which is directly confirmed by a combination of Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction patterns, Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, five cycles of tests, and poisoning experiments.
The spirit of time and the spirit of depth: Psychodynamic approaches in public mental health services in Israel
Authors: Lakh Elana 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article examines the interplay between psychodynamic psychotherapy and other approaches to psychotherapy in mental health services in Israel, describing the history of psychotherapy approaches, education and training, current dilemmas and service examples. Israel has a system of universal healthcare, education and social care which includes mental health services for all citizens and permanent residents. Mental health services and interventions are provided by psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, educational psychologists, social workers, clinical criminologists and creative arts therapists. Despite being public, accessibility is undermined by long waiting times, inequitable geographic distributions and cultural‐linguistic barriers. The interplay between approaches is clearly visible in public mental health services. Many therapists are trained primarily in psychodynamic approaches and receive psychodynamic‐oriented supervision. However, public services often cannot provide suitable conditions for psychodynamic oriented psychotherapy, and the therapists are required to adjust their interventions to treatment plans, reimbursement and reporting. This paper describes in detail two programs that implement psychodynamic approaches in the medical and education systems respectively. The first is “Lkol Nefesh” (“for every soul”) that provides long‐term intensive psychoanalytic psychotherapy for individuals suffering from severe mental disorders. The second is the system of creative arts therapies delivered in schools that provide psychotherapy as part of special education services. The paper concludes with a discussion of the influence of the spirit of time on psychotherapy, and the opposite tendencies evident in the state of affairs of psychodynamic psychotherapy in Israel.
Convergence properties concerning Lebesgue‐p norm of iterative learning control for a class of fractional differential systems
Authors: Li Lei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the monotonic convergence and speed comparison of first‐ and second‐order proportional‐α‐order‐integral‐derivative‐type (
type) iterative learning control (ILC) schemes for a linear time‐invariant (LTI) system, which is governed by the fractional differential equation with order
. By introducing the Lebesgue‐p (
) norm and utilizing the property of the Mittag‐Leffler function and the boundedness feature of the fractional integration operator, the sufficient condition for the monotonic convergence of the first‐order updating law is strictly analyzed. Therewith, the sufficient condition of the second‐order learning law is established using the same means as the first one. The obtained results objectively reveal the impact of the inherent attributes of system dynamics and the constructive mode of the ILC rule on convergence. Based on the sufficient condition of first/second‐order updating law, the convergence speed of first‐ and second‐order schemes is determined quantitatively. The quantitative result demonstrates that the convergence speed of second‐order law can be faster than the first one when the learning gains and weighting coefficients are properly selected. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed methods is illustrated by the numerical simulations.
Life Sciences undergraduate students' preferences on online learning
Authors: Lee Zheng‐Wei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOnline learning is implemented in response to emergency remote teaching during global pandemic. We conducted a survey on Life Sciences undergraduate students on their preferences on mode of lesson delivery, mode of learning and learning activities. Students across different study years responded in a similar order ranking blended learning delivery as highly favorable. The survey gathered insightful understandings on Life Sciences undergraduates' learning preferences on online learning which inform future purposeful learning design taking student's preferences into consideration.
Increasing the Selectivity of Light‐Active Antimicrobial Agents – Or How To Get a Photosensitizer to the Desired Target
Authors: Grimmeisen Michael , Jessen‐Trefzer Claudia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPhotosensitizers combine the inherent reactivity of reactive oxygen species with the sophisticated reaction control of light. Through selective targeting, these light‐active molecules have the potential to overcome certain limitations in drug discovery. Ongoing advances in the synthesis and evaluation of photosensitizer conjugates with biomolecules such as antibodies, peptides, or small‐molecule drugs are leading to increasingly powerful agents for the eradication of a growing number of microbial species. This review article, therefore, summarizes challenges and opportunities in the development of selective photosensitizers and their conjugates described in recent literature. This provides adequate insight for newcomers and those interested in this field.
Computational Mechanistic Investigations of Biocatalytic Nitrenoid C−H Functionalizations via Engineered Heme Proteins
Authors: Zhang Yong , Chu Jia‐Min 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEngineered heme proteins were developed to possess numerous excellent biocatalytic nitrenoid C−H functionalizations. Computational approaches such as density functional theory (DFT), hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM), and molecular dynamics (MD) calculations were employed to help understand some important mechanistic aspects of these heme nitrene transfer reactions. This review summarizes advances of computational reaction pathway results of these biocatalytic intramolecular and intermolecular C−H aminations/amidations, focusing on mechanistic origins of reactivity, regioselectivity, enantioselectivity, diastereoselectivity as well as effects of substrate substituent, axial ligand, metal center, and protein environment. Some important common and distinctive mechanistic features of these reactions were also described with brief outlook of future development.
Unusual cause of cerebral calcifications in an 8‐year‐old girl
Authors: Boussetta Abir , Jellouli Manel , Maamouri Rym , Garagah Tahar 
Published: May 2023

Key Clinical MessageGenetic counseling and genetic screening for hyperoxaluria should be recommended for children with urinary lithiasis for early management to avoid progression to oxalosis especially if there is a family history of lithiasis.Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is caused by a deficiency of the liver peroxisomal enzyme alanine–glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT) resulting in overproduction of calcium oxalates. In its later stage, a systemic deposit of calcium oxalates is observed. We present the case of an 8‐year‐old girl with exceptional neurological involvement secondary to this disease.
Left ventricular thrombus in a patient with recurrent ischemic stroke events—The role of echocardiography
Authors: Stylianou Vasiliki Vanesa , Tsampasian Vasiliki , Pavlou Marios , Georgiou Panagiota , Patestos Dimitrios , Kapetis Lorentzos , Vassiliou Vassilios S. , Eftychiou Christos , Tsielepis Michalis , Bazoukis George 
Published: May 2023

Key Clinical MessageCardiac ultrasound is recommended in investigating ischemic stroke events. There is increasing evidence that direct oral anticoagulants can be safely used instead of vitamin K antagonists in the setting of left ventricular thrombus.AbstractCardioembolic stroke is responsible for an increasing number of ischemic strokes. Compared to other causes of stroke, cardioembolic strokes affect a larger brain area. Left ventricular (LV) thrombi account for up to 10% of cardioembolic strokes. It is essential to identify patients at high risk of LV thrombus formation, such as patients with a history of myocardial infarction, patients with reduced ejection fraction, or patients with cardiomyopathies. We present a patient with an ischemic stroke, and the cardiac ultrasound revealed a reduced ejection fraction and the presence of LV thrombus at the apex. The patient had no prior history of cardiovascular diseases. Even in a resource‐limited setting, cardiac ultrasound is recommended to investigate stroke or transient ischemic attack events, especially in patients with a prior history of myocardial infarction. Although patients with LV thrombus should be treated with oral anticoagulants for at least 3 months, the role of direct oral anticoagulants and the optimal period of anticoagulation in this setting needs further investigation.
Macronutrient composition of sea otter diet with respect to recolonization, life history, and season in southern Southeast Alaska
Authors: LaRoche Nicole L. , King Sydney L. , Fergusson Emily A. , Eckert Ginny L. , Pearson Heidi C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe sea otter (Enhydra lutris) population of Southeast Alaska has been growing at a higher rate than other regions along the Pacific coast. While good for the recovery of this endangered species, rapid population growth of this apex predator can create a human‐wildlife conflict, negatively impacting commercial and subsistence fishing. Previous foraging studies throughout the sea otter range have shown they will reduce invertebrate prey biomass when recolonizing an area. The goal of this study was to examine and quantify the energy content of sea otter diets through direct foraging observations and prey collection. Our study area, Prince of Wales Island in southern Southeast Alaska, exhibits a gradient of sea otter recolonization, thus providing a natural experiment to test diet change in regions with different recolonization histories. Sea otter prey items were collected in three seasons (spring, summer, and winter) to measure caloric value and lipid and protein content. We observed 3523 sea otter dives during the spring and summer. A majority of the sea otter diet consisted of clams. Sea otters in newly recolonized areas had lower diet diversity, higher energetic intake rates (EIR, kcal/min), and prey had higher energy content (kcal/g). Females with pups had the highest diet diversity and the lowest EIR. Sea otter EIR were higher in the fall and winter vs. spring and summer. Sea cucumber energy and lipid content appeared to correspond with times when sea otters consumed the highest proportion of sea cucumbers. These caloric variations are an important component of understanding ecosystem‐level effects sea otters have in the nearshore environment.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of nonpharmacological interventions for children and adolescents with selective mutism
Authors: Hipolito Gino , Pagnamenta Emma , Stacey Helen , Wright Emily , Joffe Victoria , Murayama Kou , Creswell Cathy 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundSelective mutism (SM) is an anxiety disorder that often starts in early years with serious and lasting consequences. Nonpharmacological interventions are commonly seen as the preferred first treatment. This systematic review identifies outcome measures used and outcomes achieved for nonpharmacological interventions for children and adolescents with SM.MethodsSystematic searches were conducted using 13 electronic databases and hand searches, including peer‐reviewed and grey literature since 1992.ResultsTwenty‐five studies were identified. While specific measures varied, all studies reported an outcome measure for speaking behaviour and 18 used a measure of anxiety. Few studies reported measures of SM remission (k = 6), well‐being (k = 6), academic impact (k = 2), or quality of life (k = 1). Within subject outcomes for nonpharmacological interventions were variable for improvements in speaking behaviours (very small to large positive effects) and reduction in anxiety symptoms (very small negative to large positive effects). Only five randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the meta‐analysis. Three studies compared a combined systems/behavioural approach with waitlist controls indicating a significant and large effect (Hedges g = 1.06, p < .0001, 95% CI: 0.57–1.56) on improved speaking behaviour. Two of these RCTs showed a large effect for SM remission favouring the intervention (Risk Ratio = 4.25, p = .1774, 95% CI: 0.52–34.84) but this did not reach statistical significance. Non‐significant outcomes for two RCTs with active controls (Hedges g = 0.55, p < .2885, 95% CI: −0.47 to 1.57) showed considerable heterogeneity in approach and outcomes, one with large and one with negligible effects.ConclusionDespite the considerable impairment caused by SM, there has been little systematic evaluation of non‐pharmacological interventions. Although combined systems/behavioural interventions are promising, further systematic evaluations are urgently needed to inform treatment approaches. Cross‐study measurement harmonisation is required to promote learning from all studies, including wider clinical and economic outcomes.Clinical Trial RegistrationNot applicable.
Optical profilometry for forensic bloodstain imaging
Authors: Vale Brayden , Orr Amanda , Elliott Colin , Stotesbury Theresa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the physical, chemical and biological changes that occur during the drying of a bloodstain is important in many aspects of forensic science including bloodstain pattern analysis and time since deposition estimation. This research assesses the use of optical profilometry to analyze changes in the surface morphology of degrading bloodstains created using three different volumes (4, 11, and 20 μL) up to 4 weeks after deposition. We analyzed six surface characteristics, including surface average roughness, kurtosis, skewness, maximum height, number of cracks and pits, and height distributions from the topographical scans obtained from bloodstains. Full and partial optical profiles were obtained to examine long‐term (minimum of 1.5‐h intervals) and short‐term (5‐min intervals) changes. The majority of the changes in surface characteristics occurred within the first 35 min after bloodstain deposition, in agreement with current research in bloodstain drying. Optical profilometry is a nondestructive and efficient method to obtain surface profiles of bloodstains, and can be integrated easily into additional research workflows including but not limited to time since deposition estimation.

Optical profilometry is a non‐contact tool to scan bloodstains in ambient conditions
Drying phases are observable in small drip bloodstains
Significant surface morphology changes occur within 35 min after deposition
Local orthogonality dimension
Authors: Attias Inon , Haviv Ishay 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAn orthogonal representation of a graph over a field is an assignment of a vector to every vertex of , such that for every vertex and whenever and are adjacent in . The locality of the orthogonal representation is the largest dimension of a subspace spanned by the vectors associated with a closed neighborhood in the graph. We introduce a novel graph parameter, called the local orthogonality dimension, defined for a given graph and a given field , as the smallest possible locality of an orthogonal representation of over . This is a local variant of the well‐studied orthogonality dimension of graphs, introduced by Lovász, analogously to the local variant of the chromatic number introduced by Erdös et al. We investigate the usefulness of topological methods for proving lower bounds on the local orthogonality dimension. Such methods are known to imply tight lower bounds on the chromatic number of several graph families of interest, such as Kneser graphs and Schrijver graphs. We prove that graphs for which topological methods imply a lower bound of on their chromatic number have local orthogonality dimension at least over every field, strengthening a result of Simonyi and Tardos on the local chromatic number. We show that for certain graphs this lower bound is tight, whereas for others, the local orthogonality dimension over the reals is equal to the chromatic number. More generally, we prove that for every complement of a line graph, the local orthogonality dimension over coincides with the chromatic number. This strengthens a recent result by Daneshpajouh, Meunier, and Mizrahi, who proved that the local and standard chromatic numbers of these graphs are equal. As another extension of their result, we prove that the local and standard chromatic numbers are equal for some additional graphs, from the family of Kneser graphs. We also study the computational aspects of the local orthogonality dimension and show that for every integer and a field , it is NP‐hard to decide whether the local orthogonality dimension of an input graph over is at most . We finally present an application of the local orthogonality dimension to the index coding problem from information theory, extending a result of Shanmugam, Dimakis, and Langberg.
Rudolph Hermann Lotze's philosophically informed psychology
Authors: Vagnetti Michele 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis essay deals with four main topics: the notion of philosophical psychology; the idea that physical events and mental events cannot be compared to one another; psychophysical mechanism; and the theory of local signs. These are all key elements in the Medicinische Psychologie of Rudolph Hermann Lotze (1817‒1881). By philosophical psychology, Lotze understands not only the collection of experimental data regarding physiological and mental states but also their philosophical processing outlining an interpretation of the real nature of the mind‒body connection. Within this framework, Lotze introduces the psychophysical mechanism as based on a key philosophical idea: mind and body are incomparable, but, nevertheless, they are in reciprocal relation (Wechselwirkung). In virtue of said special relation, movements that take place in the mental sphere of reality are transferred or translated in the bodily sphere and vice versa. This rearrangement (Umgestaltung) from one sphere of reality to the other is termed by Lotze “transformation to equivalent.” Through the concept of equivalence, Lotze supports the idea that the mind and the body form an organic whole. However, psychophysical mechanisms should not be seen as not a fixed series of physical changes followed by an equally fixed series of mental changes: physical changes are “read,” organized, and then transformed by the mind into something purely mental. This, in turn, produces new mechanical force and more physical changes. Lotze's legacy and long‐term impact is finally read against the background of his contributions.