bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Study on the effect of Bi-level Positive Airway Pressure Therapy on COPD complicated with Anxiety and Depression
Authors: Zhang Chang-hong , Liu Jian-hua , Zhao Jian-qing , Zhang Zhi-hua , Gu Xin 
Published: July 2023

Objectives: To investigate the effect of bi-level positive airway pressure (BIPAP) therapy on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) complicated with anxiety and depression.
Methods: This is a retrospective study. One hundred patients with COPD complicated with anxiety and depression who were admitted to the Respiratory Department of The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from August 2021 to August 2022 were selected and randomly divided into two groups. Patients in the control group were given conventional symptomatic treatment, while those in the observation group were given BIPAP therapy in addition to the treatment in the control group. The two groups were compared and analyzed in terms of respiratory function indicators, the changes in the scores of St. George’s Hospital Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and COPD assessment test (CAT), blood gas analysis indicators, the levels of serum neurokinin A (NKA), serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), and serum serotonin (5-HT), as well as the changes in the scores of Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD).
Results: After treatment, the levels of lung function indicators in both groups increased, SGRQ and CAT scores decreased, and pH levels remained unchanged. In addition, PaO2 levels increased, PCO2, 5-HT, NKA and IL-6 levels decreased, and HAMA and HAMD scores decreased. The improvement degree of each indicator in the observation group was superior to that in the control group.
Conclusion: In the clinical treatment of COPD complicated with anxiety and depression, BIPAP boasts effective amelioration of lung function and relief of anxiety and depression symptoms, and its mechanism of action may have a close bearing on ameliorating the levels of 5-HT, NKA, and IL-6 in patients.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.5.7259
How to cite this: Zhang C, Liu J, Zhao J, Zhang Z, Gu X. Clinical Study on the effect of Bi-level Positive Airway Pressure Therapy on COPD complicated with Anxiety and Depression. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.5.7259
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Insulin requiring Gestational Diabetes: Risk factors and correlation with postpartum diabetes and prediabetes
Authors: Ghamri Kholoud 
Published: July 2023

Objective: A2 gestational diabetes mellitus (A2GDM) is a more severe form of GDM that requires additional medical intervention, such as insulin or oral antidiabetic drug (OAD). The present study explored the determinants of A2GDM and analyzed the associated risk of post-partum diabetes or prediabetes.
Methods: This retrospective study included 247 pregnant women, diagnosed with GDM and followed up until delivery at the Obstetric Medicine Clinic of King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, between January 2014 and January 2018. Women with personal history of diabetes or prediabetes were excluded. Collected data included patient’s age, body mass index, personal history of thyroid dysfunction and GDM, HbA1c level at diagnosis, management of GDM (diet only, insulin, or OAD), and postpartum metabolic assessment.
Results: The prevalence of A2GDM was 29.6%, of which 21.5% were insulin-requiring and 8.1% were OAD-requiring cases. The risk of A2GDM was independently associated with a positive history of GDM (OR=3.19, 95% CI = 1.41-7.20) and HbA1c >7% (OR=8.66, 95%CI = 2.15- 34.94); the model explained 20% of the variance of A2GDM. The postpartum assessment showed that 10.1% have developed prediabetes, while no one developed overt diabetes. Postpartum prediabetes was independently predicted by age category ≥45 years (OR=39.94, 95%CI = 4.62-345.06), history of GDM (OR=0.18, 95%CI = 0.03 – 0.97), and A2GDM (OR=6.96, 95%CI = 1.91-25.42).
Conclusion: Approximately one-third of GDM patients in our institution require insulin or OAD for glycemic control and are at high risk of developing prediabetes postpartum. Adherence to and effectiveness of medical nutrition therapy should be further explored among GDM patients to improve their glycemic control and both maternal and fetal prognosis.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.5.7648
How to cite this: Ghamri KA. Insulin requiring Gestational Diabetes: Risk factors and correlation with postpartum diabetes and prediabetes. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.5.7648
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Which combination cause less inflammatory response during laparoscopic hysterectomy? Ligasure plus monopolar cautery or harmonic plus bipolar cautery?
Authors: Töz Emrah , Kanmaz Ahkam Göksel , İnan Abdurrahman Hamdi , Karaca İbrahim , Yıldırım Karaca Suna , Demir Ahmet 
Published: July 2023

Objective: We aimed to compare the inflammatory response with alterations in hemogram parameters, in patients who underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for benign gynecologic conditions with ligasure plus monopolar cautery or harmonic plus conventional bipolar cautery.
Methods: Patients who underwent Laparoscopic hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy between January 2017 and January 2022 for benign gynecologic pathology were identified. Patients were divided into two group, according to instruments used during surgery. Instruments were used according to surgeons preference. Preoperative and postoperative in the first 24 hours hematocrit (HCT), WBC, trombocyt, neutrophil- lymphocyte (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte (PLR) ratio, mean platelet volume- lymphocyte ratio (MPVLR) and red cell distribution width- platelet ratio (RPR) values were compared.
Results: During study period, a total of 462 patients underwent hysterectomy for benign gynecologic pathology. After exclusion, 212 patients were included in the study. İn the study group, 147 patients were operated with ligasure plus monopolar electrocauter and 65 with harmonic scalpel plus bipolar electrocautery. İn the postoperative period, regardless of the procedure, WBC and RPR count increase, hematocrit and trombocyt decrease in both group but the inflammatory markers lymphocyte count, neutrophyl, NLR, PLR and MPVLR count changed less in the harmonic plus bipolar cautery group which shows less inflamatuar response in this group.
Conclusions: Ligasure plus monopolar cautery group compared with harmonic plus bipolar cautery group cause more inflammatory changes in complete blood count values. However, further studies are needed to show whether these changes in laboratory findings affect clinical situations.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.5.7668
How to cite this: Toz E, Kanmaz AG, Inan AH, Karaca I, Karaca SY, Demir A. Which combination cause less inflammatory response during laparoscopic hysterectomy? Ligasure plus monopolar cautery or harmonic plus bipolar cautery?. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.5.7668
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Clinical and seasonal pattern of dengue: Persistent hyper-endemicity of a vector borne disease from Southern-West Coastal India
Authors: BB Darshan , Holla Ramesh , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Achappa Basavaprabhu , Poovattil Robin , Sharma Ashir , Simmy Shawna , Prateek Suryansh 
Published: July 2023

Background: Dengue is an emerging global viral disease with an increase 30-fold in incidence in the past fifty years. In the past decade it was restricted to only few a states of South and Northern India but in the recent past it has affected almost all the states in India. The objective of this study was to assess the clinical profile, trends and outcome of dengue cases. Methods: This retrospective record based cross-sectional study was conducted in tertiary hospitals, Mangaluru in Southern India. The study population included all clinical dengue positive cases over a period of five years. Information from pre-recorded case sheets were used for data collection. The data collected was entered and analyzed in SPSS Version 20. Results were expressed in percentages, means and graphs. Results: The study included 401 dengue cases. Most cases were in the age range of 20-40 years with a male to female ratio of 3:2. Overall seropositivity rate was 23.94% with High IgM prevalence. Monthly distribution showed a maximum incidence in the months of June and July and minimum incidence in January and February. Among the study participants, 91.5% of patients recovered completely and 1.7% of patients had died. 8.7% of patients were discharged against medical advice. Conclusions: Dengue continues to be major public health problem which indirectly hints towards the hyper endemic nature of this disease in this part of the globe affecting mainly the working age group. Low seropositivity with High IgM prevalence makes dengue an important differential for febrile illness of vague nature and invokes the need for robust public health response to curb the hyper-endemicity.
Novel five-phase model for understanding the nature of misophonia, a conditioned aversive reflex disorder
Authors: Dozier Thomas , Mitchell Nathanael 
Published: July 2023

Background: Misophonia is a recently identified condition in which a person perceives a subtle stimulus (e.g., eating sounds, hair twirling) and has an intense, negative emotional response. Misophonia cannot be classified with established nosological systems. Methods: We present a novel five-phase model of misophonia from a cognitive-behavioral framework. This model identifies a learned reflex of the autonomic nervous system as the primary etiology and maintenance of misophonia. Phase one is anticipatory anxiety and avoidance. Phase two is a conditioned physical reflex (for example, the tensing of calf muscles) that develops through stimulus-response Pavlovian conditioning. Phase three includes intense negative emotional responses and accompanying physiological distress, thoughts, urges, and emotion-driven behavior. Phase four is the individual’s coping responses to emotional distress, and phase five is the environmental response and resulting internal and external consequences of the coping behaviors. Each phase helps explain the maintenance of the response and the individual’s impairment. Results: Anticipatory anxiety and avoidance of phase one contributes to an increased arousal and awareness of triggers, resulting in increased severity of the trigger experience. Both the Pavlovian-conditioned physical reflex of phase two and the emotion-driven behavior caused by the conditioned emotional response of phase three increase with in vivo exposure to triggers. Phase four includes internal and external coping behaviors to the intense emotions and distress, and phase 5 includes the consequences of those behaviors. Internal consequences include beliefs and new emotions based on environmental responses to anger and panic. For example, the development of emotions such as shame and guilt, and beliefs regarding how ‘intolerable’ the trigger is. Conclusions: We assert misophonia is a multi-sensory condition and includes anticipatory anxiety, conditioned physical reflexes, intense emotional and physical distress, subsequent internal and external responses, and environmental consequences.
It’s not my sense of self that’s unstable, it’s the world’s sense of me: the harms of the construct of ‘personality disorders’ towards transgender communities
Authors: Porter Hattie 
Published: July 2023

Research indicates transgender people are more likely to be diagnosed with a personality disorder than cisgender people. While this interrelationship is complex and multifaceted, this article discusses the disproportionate rates of personality disorder diagnosis in transgender people as rooted within social and historical contexts; suggesting transgender people are not more likely to have a personality disorder, rather they are more likely to be diagnosed with a personality disorder.
Transgender identities have historically been framed as a manifestation of mental illness as opposed to an identity and inherent aspect of personhood. This is argued to confine understanding of transgender identities to the parameters of pathology, silencing and marginalising transgender communities. I suggest the disproportionate rate of diagnosis of personality disorders in transgender people is an extension of this historical pathologisation.
Clinician bias may contribute to inappropriate diagnosis of personality disorders in transgender people due to personal values and unfamiliarity with transgender experiences. However, bias is also more deeply rooted within the construct of personality disorders itself, which appears to inherently pathologise deviation from rigid gender norms and expectations. This has implications for the ethical and ontological basis of the diagnostic construct.
Effect of Promotion on The Satisfaction Levels of Teachers in Public Secondary Schools in Kilifi County, Kenya
Authors: Kisaka Joseph 
Published: July 2023

The study set out to investigate the effects of promotion on influencing job satisfaction levels among public secondary school teachers in Kilifi County in the Republic of Kenya. The study was guided by the objectives of determining the effect of gender and promotion on Job satisfaction levels of teachers in public secondary schools in Kilifi County. The study adopted the Descriptive Survey Design to address the statement of the problem and research questions. Information was generated through questionnaires given to teachers within Kilifi County. Using Stratified Sampling technique, 38 schools were selected from public secondary schools in Kilifi County and a semi-structured 5-likert rating scale questionnaire schedule issued to 418 teachers where systematic sampling technique was used. From the sample identified for the study, only 379 were completed and returned. The Questionnaire return rate was 90.6%. During the pilot study, three academic staff members from Pwani University validated the data collection instrument. The instrument had reliability co-efficient of 0.75 found using Pearson’s Product Moment correlation Co-efficient method. The data collected was analysed using Descriptive Statistics such as means, frequencies and percentages provided by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), and presented in form of tables, pie charts and Bar graphs. The study found out that gender, as well as promotion of teachers had an effect on their level of job satisfaction. The main recommendations of the study was fair Promotion opportunities if increased may enhance high retention in the profession and improve their job satisfaction of teachers.
Non-degeneracy of multi-peak solutions for the Schrödinger-Poisson problem
Authors: Chen Lin , Ding Hui-Sheng , Li Benniao , Ye Jianghua 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this article, we consider the following Schrödinger-Poisson problem:

−

ε

2

Δ
u
+
V

(

y

)

u
+
Φ

(

y

)

u
=

∣
u
∣

p
−
1

u
,

y
∈

R

3

,

−
Δ
Φ

(

y

)

=

u

2

,

y
∈

R

3

,

\left\{\begin{array}{ll}-{\varepsilon }^{2}\Delta u+V(y)u+\Phi (y)u={| u| }^{p-1}u,& y\in {{\mathbb{R}}}^{3},\\ -\Delta \Phi (y)={u}^{2},& y\in {{\mathbb{R}}}^{3},\end{array}\right.

where

ε
>
0

\varepsilon \gt 0

is a small parameter,

1
<
p
<
5

1\lt p\lt 5

, and

V

(

y

)

V(y)

is a potential function. We construct multi-peak solution concentrating at the critical points of

V

(

y

)

V(y)

through the Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction method. Moreover, by using blow-up analysis and local Pohozaev identities, we prove that the multi-peak solution we construct is non-degenerate. To our knowledge, it seems be the first non-degeneracy result on the Schödinger-Poisson system.
Utility of methylene blue mixed with autologous blood in preoperative localization of pulmonary nodules and masses
Authors: Feng Zhi , Liao Qiu-Xia , Xie Jin-Bao , Chen Jian-Feng , Qiu Ming-Lian , Li Xu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The value of CT-guided puncture with methylene blue mixed with autologous blood in preoperative localization of pulmonary nodules and masses was explored. A total of 113 patients with 146 nodules and masses were treated with methylene blue mixed with autologous blood for preoperative localization and thoracoscopic surgery in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University between October 2021 and October 2022. The localization effect, complications, and pathological conditions were observed. The localization success rate was 98.63% (144/146). The localization failed nodules and masses could still be located by looking for needle eyes and reading films. The whole group successfully completed thoracoscopic surgery. The average interval of operation after puncture was 22.16 ± 6.22 h. There was a small amount of suspicious hemothorax after puncture. There was no pneumothorax after puncture in the whole group. There were no hemoptysis, irritating dry cough, and other reactions. The overall complication rate was 2.65%, and no special treatment was given. It is safe and effective to use methylene blue mixed with autologous blood for CT-guided preoperative puncture and localization of small pulmonary nodules and masses.
A Multilevel Extension of the GDSW Overlapping Schwarz Preconditioner in Two Dimensions
Authors: Heinlein Alexander , Rheinbach Oliver , Röver Friederike 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Multilevel extensions of overlapping Schwarz domain decomposition preconditioners of Generalized Dryja–Smith–Widlund (GDSW) type are considered in this paper.
The original GDSW preconditioner is a two-level overlapping Schwarz domain decomposition preconditioner, which can be constructed algebraically from the fully assembled stiffness matrix.
The FROSch software, which belongs to the ShyLU package of the Trilinos software library, provides parallel implementations of different variants of GDSW preconditioners.
The coarse problem can limit the parallel scalability of two-level GDSW preconditioners.
As a remedy, in the past, three-level GDSW approaches have been proposed, which can significantly extend the range of scalability.
Here, a multilevel extension of the GDSW preconditioner is introduced and analyzed.
Finally, parallel results for the implementation in FROSch for up to 40 000 cores of the SuperMUC-NG supercomputer at Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (LRZ) and to 48 000 cores of the JUWELS supercomputer at Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC) are presented.
Strategies of Localizing Video Games into Arabic: A Case Study of PUBG and Free Fire
Authors: Jarrah Shatha , Haider Ahmad S. , Al-Salman Saleh 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Video game localization is the process of adjusting a current video game to make it available, usable, and culturally appropriate to the target audience. This study aims to investigate the strategies that translators use in localizing PUBG and Free Fire video games into Arabic. The data were extracted from interfaces and in-game captions of the two video games. Due to space constraints, a representative subset of the collected data was then selected and analysed according to the translation strategies proposed by Díaz-Cintas, and Remael (2014). The analysis showed that the localizers have more often used transposition and literal translation strategies. They also tried to adapt the text to suit the target-language culture as much as possible. The findings of this study will be helpful to translators, localizers, and trainers. By adopting the most relevant translation strategies outlined in this article, game localizers will hopefully be better equipped with the mechanisms of video game localization. The current piece of work calls for investing more research efforts towards exploring and targeting a broader array of video game genres in Arabic.
Powerful antibacterial nanocomposites from Corallina officinalis-mediated nanometals and chitosan nanoparticles against fish-borne pathogens
Authors: Tayel Ahmed A. , Elsayes Nancy A. , Zayed Mohamed M. , Alsieni Mohammed A. , Alatawi Fuad A. , Alalawy Adel I. , Diab Amany M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The fish-borne zoonotic bacteria may pose a risk to humans; nanobiotechnological techniques could serve as effective solutions for fighting them. The direct phycosynthesis of metals’ nanoparticles (NPs), silver (AgNPs), and selenium (SeNPs) using Corallina officinalis extract (CoE) was achieved. The construction of nanocomposites (NCs) from phycosynthesized NPs and nano-chitosan (NCht) was also accomplished to evaluate these entire compounds/NCs as antibacterial amalgams against fish-borne bacteria, Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus. The entire agents/NCs were characterized and assessed. The structure and interactions of chemicals and NCs were determined using infrared analysis. CoE/AgNPs, CoE/SeNPs, NCht, NCht/CoE/AgNPs, and NCht/CoE/SeNPs had mean particles’ diameter of 5.52, 12.46, 59.81, 64.59, and 77.16 nm, respectively, which were confirmed by size studies and electron microscopy. The challenged bacteria were entirely susceptible to the inspected agents, using both qualitative and quantitative assays; S. aureus was more resistant, while A. hydrophila was the most sensitive strain. The NCs (NCht/CoE/AgNPs and NCht/CoE/SeNPs) have the utmost bactericidal potentialities, respectively; they exceeded the action of ampicillin. The total distortion, disintegration, and lysis of the treated A. hydrophila cells were highlighted by scanning imaging within 10 h of exposure. The conjugation of CoE-mediated NPs with NCht produced effective and harmless NCs, valid for applications to remove fish-borne pathogens with biosafe characteristics.
Antifungal properties of lauric arginate (LAE) treated wood
Authors: Alorbu Courage , Carey Joshua , McDonald Armando G. , Cai Lili 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study investigated the efficacy of lauric arginate (LAE) as a potential preservative against wood deteriorating fungi. First, the antifungal properties of LAE against two brown rot fungi, Gloeophyllum trabeum (G.t.) and Rhodonia placenta (R.p.), and two white rot fungi, Trametes versicolor (T.v.) and Irpex lacteus (I.l.) were examined using malt-agar media as substrate. Then the biological resistance of LAE-treated wood specimens (10, 20, and 25 % LAE solutions) was tested following American Wood Protection Association (AWPA) E10 soil-block test procedures. The in vitro study showed LAE actively inhibited the growth of all the fungi tested compared to growth in control plates but there were no considerable changes observed in the morphology of fungi hyphae. Wood impregnated with LAE showed increased weight percent gain as a function of treatment concentration. Characterization of LAE-treated wood on a thermogravimetric analyzer showed LAE shifted the thermal degradation temperatures to lower stages but did not significantly improve the thermal stability of the treated specimen. LAE in wood significantly suppressed fungus growth, leading to decreased mass loss but it also leached out from wood specimens during fungi exposure.