bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Host Phylogeny Structures the Gut Bacterial Community Within Galerucella Leaf Beetles
Authors: An Yueqing , Braga Mariana P. , Garcia Sarahi L. , Grudzinska-Sterno Magdalena , Hambäck Peter A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGut microbes play important roles for their hosts. Previous studies suggest that host-microbial systems can form long-term associations over evolutionary time and the dynamic changes of the intestinal system may represent major driving forces and contribute to insect dietary diversification and speciation. Our study system includes a set of six closely related leaf beetle species (Galerucella spp.) and our study aims to separate the roles of host phylogeny and ecology in determining the gut microbial community and to identify eventual relationship between host insects and gut bacteria. We collected adult beetles from their respective host plants and quantified their microbial community using 16S rRNA sequencing. The results showed that the gut bacteria community composition was structured by host beetle phylogeny, where more or less host-specific gut bacteria interact with the different Galerucella species. For example, the endosymbiotic bacteria Wolbachia was found almost exclusively in G. nymphaea and G. sagittariae. Diversity indicators also suggested that α- and β-diversities of gut bacteria communities varied among host beetle species. Overall, our results suggest a phylogenetically controlled co-occurrence pattern between the six closely related Galerucella beetles and their gut bacteria, indicating the potential of co-evolutionary processes occurring between hosts and their gut bacterial communities.
Evaluation of the Artificial Intelligence Chatbot on Breast Reconstruction and Its Efficacy in Surgical Research: A Case Study
Authors: Xie Yi , Seth Ishith , Rozen Warren M. , Hunter-Smith David J. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
ChatGPT is an open-source artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot that uses deep learning to produce human-like text dialog. Its potential applications in the scientific community are vast; however, its efficacy on performing comprehensive literature searches, data analysis and report writing in aesthetic plastic surgery topics remains unknown. This study aims to evaluate both the accuracy and comprehensiveness of ChatGPT’s responses to assess its suitability for use in aesthetic plastic surgery research.

Methods
Six questions were prompted to ChatGPT on post-mastectomy breast reconstruction. First two questions focused on the current evidence and options for breast reconstruction post-mastectomy, and remaining four questions focused specifically on autologous breast reconstruction. Using the Likert framework, the responses provided by ChatGPT were qualitatively assessed for accuracy and information content by two specialist plastic surgeons with extensive experience in the field.

Results
ChatGPT provided relevant, accurate information; however, it lacked depth. It could provide no more than a superficial overview in response to more esoteric questions and generated incorrect references. It created non-existent references, cited wrong journal and date, which poses a significant challenge in maintaining academic integrity and caution of its use in academia.

Conclusion
While ChatGPT demonstrated proficiency in summarizing existing knowledge, it created fictitious references which poses a significant concern of its use in academia and healthcare. Caution should be exercised in interpreting its responses in the aesthetic plastic surgical field and should only be used for such with sufficient oversight.

Level of Evidence IV
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Data-driven irrigation scheduling increases the crop water use efficiency of Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines
Authors: Schlank Rochelle , Kidman Catherine M. , Gautam Deepak , Jeffery David W. , Pagay Vinay 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the context of water management in agriculture, irrigation scheduling is critically important as it optimises water application to crops and can also target specific production goals. However, there is no consensus on the ideal irrigation scheduling strategy regarding crop water use efficiency (WUEc). In a premium Cabernet Sauvignon vineyard in Coonawarra, South Australia, over three growing seasons, irrigation scheduling strategies based on experience or historical knowledge (‘GROW’ treatment) were compared to data-driven strategies including crop evapotranspiration, and plant and soil water status thresholds to evaluate their effects on leaf- and vine-level WUEs. A final treatment, GROW + , that doubled the GROW level of irrigation was also evaluated in the third season. The WUE metrics were determined at the leaf, vine, and fruit scales as intrinsic WUE (WUEi), crop WUE (WUEc), and carbon isotope ratio (δ13C), respectively. Furthermore, the irrigation strategies were evaluated in the background of two contrasting soil types: Terra Rossa (light clay, well-drained) and Rendzina (heavier clay, poorly drained). Seasonal soil and vine water status, leaf gas exchange, and light interception were measured, and yield components and pruning weights were obtained following harvest. The amount of seasonal irrigation water based on the data-driven strategies was up to 65% lower across both soil types compared with the GROW or GROW + approaches. WUEi and δ13C were largely similar between treatments. However, for vines grown on Terra Rossa soil, little to no yield penalty was observed when data-driven irrigation scheduling was applied, in addition to increased WUEc values of up to 41%. It can be concluded that irrigation scheduling decisions based on data were superior to the conventional irrigation scheduling method on account of reducing irrigation water volume and increasing WUE, particularly in Terra Rossa soils.
Photon-counting CT for diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism: potential for contrast medium and radiation dose reduction
Authors: Pannenbecker Pauline , Huflage Henner , Grunz Jan-Peter , Gruschwitz Philipp , Patzer Theresa S. , Weng Andreas M. , Heidenreich Julius F. , Bley Thorsten A. , Petritsch Bernhard 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the image quality of an ultra-low contrast medium and radiation dose CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) protocol for the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism using a clinical photon-counting detector (PCD) CT system and compare its performance to a dual-energy-(DE)-CTPA protocol on a conventional energy-integrating detector (EID) CT system.

Methods
Sixty-four patients either underwent CTPA with the novel scan protocol on the PCD-CT scanner (32 patients, 25 mL, CTDIvol 2.5 mGy·cm) or conventional DE-CTPA on a third-generation dual-source EID-CT (32 patients, 50 mL, CTDIvol 5.1 mGy·cm). Pulmonary artery CT attenuation, signal-to-noise ratio, and contrast-to-noise-ratio were assessed as objective criteria of image quality, while subjective ratings of four radiologists were compared at 60 keV using virtual monoenergetic imaging and polychromatic standard reconstructions. Interrater reliability was determined by means of the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Effective dose was compared between patient cohorts.

Results
Subjective image quality was deemed superior by all four reviewers for 60-keV PCD scans (excellent or good ratings in 93.8% of PCD vs. 84.4% of 60 keV EID scans, ICC = 0.72). No examinations on either system were considered “non-diagnostic.” Objective image quality parameters were significantly higher in the EID group (mostly p < 0.001), both in the polychromatic reconstructions and at 60 keV. The ED (1.4 vs. 3.3 mSv) was significantly lower in the PCD cohort (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
PCD-CTPA allows for considerable reduction of contrast medium and radiation dose in the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism, while maintaining good to excellent image quality compared to conventional EID-CTPA.

Clinical relevance statement
Clinical PCD-CT allows for spectral assessment of pulmonary vasculature with high scan speed, which is beneficial in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism, frequently presenting with dyspnea. Simultaneously PCD-CT enables substantial reduction of contrast medium and radiation dose.

Key Points
• The clinical photon-counting detector CT scanner used in this study allows for high-pitch multi-energy acquisitions.
• Photon-counting computed tomography allows for considerable reduction of contrast medium and radiation dose in the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism.
• Subjective image quality was rated best for 60-keV photon-counting scans.
The role of MRI in the prenatal diagnosis and classification of fetal microtia
Authors: Zhang Xiaodan , Zheng Weizeng , Feng Yan , Yu Na , Qin Jiale , Li Kui , Yan Guohui , Zou Yu , Li Baohua 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the role of MRI in the diagnosis and classification of fetal microtia.

Methods
Ninety-five fetuses with suspected microtia based on ultrasound and MRI performed within 1 week were enrolled in this study. The diagnosis based on MRI was compared with postnatal diagnosis. Among the microtia cases suspected on the basis of MRI, mild and severe cases were further classified. In addition, external auditory canal (EAC) atresia was evaluated by MRI in 29 fetuses with a gestational age > 28 weeks, and the accuracy of MRI in the diagnosis and classification of microtia was determined.

Results
Of 95 fetuses, 83 were considered to have microtia on the basis of MRI, 81 were confirmed to have microtia, and 14 were found to be normal according to postnatal diagnosis. Among 190 external ears in 95 fetuses, 40 ears were suspected to have mild microtia, and 52 ears were suspected to have severe microtia on the basis of MRI. According to the postnatal diagnosis, mild and severe microtia were confirmed in 43 and 49 ears, respectively. Among the 29 fetuses with a gestational age > 28 weeks, 23 ears were suspected to have EAC atresia according to MRI and 21 ears were ultimately confirmed to have EAC atresia. The accuracy of MRI in diagnosing microtia and EAC atresia was 93.68% and 93.10%, respectively.

Conclusion
MRI shows good performance in diagnosing fetal microtia and has the potential to evaluate its severity on the basis of classification and EAC status.

Clinical relevance statement
This study was aimed at investigating the role of MRI in the diagnosis and classification of fetal microtia. MRI shows good performance and can help evaluate microtia severity and EAC atresia, thus allowing for better clinical management.

Key Points
• MRI is a useful adjunct to prenatal ultrasound.
• MRI has a higher accuracy rate than ultrasound in diagnosing fetal microtia.
• The accurate classification of fetal microtia and the diagnosis of external auditory canal atresia through MRI may help guide clinical management.
PALAEOASSOCIA as a methodological tool for phytosociological analyses is further developed
Authors: Brinkkemper Otto , Schepers Mans , Van Tongeren Onno 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe earlier version of PALAEOASSOCIA involved a considerable input of manual labour in sorting species tables with association data to identify plant communities that could have been present. A large archaeobotanical dataset from the site of Best (The Netherlands) was used to judge whether this manual sorting results in subjective results. As these were found, we developed a fully automatic version of PALAEOASSOCIA, including this sorting process. Likelihood clustering with prior probability yielded the highest number of associations recovered from four samples, and was therefore chosen as the optimal clustering method. The sorted tables are automatically converted to syntaxonomical groups. The hierarchical level of these groups can be pre-defined by the user of the program. Syntaxa that are highly improbable geographically cannot be ruled out a priori, but need to be removed manually. PALAEOASSOCIA is not meant to replace other methods of ecological interpretations of archaeobotanical data, but instead as a tool to obtain a more detailed result.
Long-term follow-up suggests high satisfaction rates for bulbomembranous radiation-induced urethral stenoses treated with anastomotic urethroplasty
Authors: Barnard John , Liaw Aron , Gelman Joel 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To analyze patients who underwent anastomotic urethroplasty for radiationinduced bulbomembranous urethral stricture/stenosis (RIS) due to prostate cancer treatment with up to 19 years of follow-up and assess long-term patient reported outcomes (PROMs). Long-term follow-up with the inclusion of urethroplasty specific PROMs is lacking in the available research.

Methods
Patients who underwent anastomotic urethroplasty for RIS were identified from 2002 to 2020. Inclusion criteria included completion of 4-month post-operative cystoscopy and PROMs including IPSS, SHIM, MSHQ-EF, 6Q-LUTS, and global satisfaction queries at 4 months. PROMs were assessed annually thereafter, and cystoscopy was performed for adverse change in PROMs or worsening uroflow/PVR parameters. PROMs were compared at pre-op, post-op, and most recent follow-up.

Results
23 patients met inclusion criteria. Short-term anatomic success was 95.7%. At a mean follow-up of 73.1 months (9.1–228.9), one late recurrence occurred for an overall success of 91.3%. Significant and sustained objective improvement was identified in voiding scores, quality of life, and urethroplasty specific PROMs. Satisfaction was 91.3% despite sexual side effects, and 95.7% of patients stated they would have surgery again knowing their outcome at a mean of over 6 years’ follow up.

Conclusions
RIS are challenging problems, but durable symptomatic relief is achievable in well-selected patients. Patients with bulbomembranous RIS should be appropriately counseled regarding the risk of urinary incontinence and sexual side effects after anastomotic urethroplasty. However, long-term success is high, and overall QoL will have sustained subjective improvement in most cases.
On the Omnipresence of Spurious Local Minima in Certain Neural Network Training Problems
Authors: Christof Constantin , Kowalczyk Julia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe study the loss landscape of training problems for deep artificial neural networks with a one-dimensional real output whose activation functions contain an affine segment and whose hidden layers have width at least two. It is shown that such problems possess a continuum of spurious (i.e., not globally optimal) local minima for all target functions that are not affine. In contrast to previous works, our analysis covers all sampling and parameterization regimes, general differentiable loss functions, arbitrary continuous nonpolynomial activation functions, and both the finite- and infinite-dimensional setting. It is further shown that the appearance of the spurious local minima in the considered training problems is a direct consequence of the universal approximation theorem and that the underlying mechanisms also cause, e.g., $$L^p$$

L
p

-best approximation problems to be ill-posed in the sense of Hadamard for all networks that do not have a dense image. The latter result also holds without the assumption of local affine linearity and without any conditions on the hidden layers.
Nonunion of the so-called acromion: a systematic review with consideration of the terminology
Authors: Ogawa Kiyohisa , Matsumura Noboru , Yoshida Atsushi , Inokuchi Wataru 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Introduction
There is no widely accepted standard for the classification and treatment of traumatic acromion/scapular spine fracture nonunion due to the scarcity of this condition and the confusion of terminology.

Materials and methods
PubMed and Scopus were searched using “scapular fracture” and “acromion fracture” or “scapular spine fracture” as search terms. The inclusion criteria were English full-text articles concerning acromion/scapular spine fracture nonunion that described patient characteristics and presented appropriate images. The exclusion criteria were cases without appropriate images. Citation tracking was conducted to find additional articles and notable full-text articles written in other languages. Fractures were classified using our newly proposed classification system.

Results
Twenty-nine patients (19 men, 10 women) with 29 nonunions were identified. There were four type I, 15 type II, and 10 type III fracture nonunions. Only 11 fractures were isolated. The mean period from initial injury to final diagnosis was 35.2 ± 73.2 months (range 3–360 months) (n = 25). The most frequent cause of delayed diagnosis was conservative treatment for fracture in 11 patients, followed by oversight by the physician in 8. The most common reason for seeking medical advice was shoulder pain. Six patients received conservative therapy, and 23 received operative treatment. Fixation materials included various plates in 15 patients, and tension band wiring in 5. Bone grafting was performed in 16 patients (73%, 16/22). Of the 19 surgically treated patients with adequate follow-up, the outcome was rated excellent in 79%.

Conclusions
Isolated acromion/scapular spine fracture nonunion is rare. Fracture type II and III, arising in the anatomical scapular spine, accounted for 86% of the fractures. Computed tomography is required to prevent fracture oversight. Surgical therapy produces good stable results. However, it is important to select the appropriate surgical fixation method and material after considering the anatomical characteristics of the fracture and stress on the fractured portion.

Level of evidence
V
Much higher prevalence of keratoconus than announced results of the Gutenberg Health Study (GHS)
Authors: Marx-Gross Susanne , Fieß Achim , Münzel Thomas , Wild Philipp Sebastian , Beutel Manfred Elmar , Schmidtmann Irene , Lackner Karl Johannes , Pfeiffer Norbert , Schuster Alexander Karl-Georg 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Keratoconus appears to be a rare corneal disease with a prevalence previously estimated at 1:2000. The aim of our study was to investigate the prevalence of keratoconus in a large German cohort and to evaluate possible associated factors.

Method
In the population-based, prospective, monocentric cohort study, Gutenberg Health Study, 12,423 subjects aged 40–80 years were examined at the 5-year follow-up. Subjects underwent a detailed medical history and a general and ophthalmologic examination including Scheimpflug imaging. Keratoconus diagnosis was performed in two steps: all subjects with conspicuous TKC analysis of corneal tomography were included in further grading.
Prevalence and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to investigate association with age, sex, BMI, thyroid hormone, smoking, diabetes, arterial hypertension, atopy, allergy, steroid use, sleep apnea, asthma, and depression.

Results
Of 10,419 subjects, 75 eyes of 51 subjects were classified as having keratoconus. The prevalence for keratoconus in the German cohort was 0.49% (1:204; 95% CI: 0.36–0.64%) and was approximately equally distributed across the age decades. No gender predisposition could be demonstrated.
Logistic regression showed no association between keratoconus and age, sex, BMI, thyroid hormone, smoking, diabetes, arterial hypertension, atopy, allergy, steroid use, sleep apnea, asthma, and depression in our sample.

Conclusion
The prevalence of keratoconus disease in a mainly Caucasian population is approximately tenfold higher than previously reported in the literature using latest technologies (Scheimpflug imaging). Contrary to previous assumptions, we did not find associations with sex, existing atopy, thyroid dysfunction, diabetes, smoking, and depression.
Refining vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Chen San-Ni , Chen Shih-Jen , Wu Tsung-Tien , Wu Wei-Chi , Yang Chang-Hao , Yang Chung-May 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) is the main treatment modality for patients with severe diabetic retinopathy. With the development of systems for microincision, wide-angle viewing, digitally assisted visualization, and intraoperative optical coherence tomography, contemporary PPV for diabetic retinopathy has been performed on a wider range of indications than previously considered. In this article, we reviewed, in conjunction with our collective experiences with Asian patients, the applications of new technologies for PPV in eyes with diabetic retinopathy and highlighted several important procedures and entities not generally reiterated in the literature, in order for vitreoretinal surgeons to optimize their approaches when facing the challenges imposed by the complications in diabetic eyes.
Effect of ghrelin administration on postoperative inflammatory response and bodyweight loss in patients with oesophageal cancer undergoing oesophagectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Forshaw Elizabeth , Hajibandeh Shahin , Hajibandeh Shahab 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the effect of postoperative ghrelin therapy on postoperative inflammatory response and bodyweight loss in patients undergoing an oesophagectomy for oesophageal cancer.

Methods
We conducted a systematic search using electronic information databases in accordance to PRISMA standards to identify studies comparing outcomes after oesophagectomy in patients who were and were not administered ghrelin in the postoperative period. Meta-analysis of the outcomes using random effects modelling was conducted. The Cochrane collaboration’s tool and ROBINS-I tool were used for risk of bias assessment of the included studies.

Results
Five studies including 192 patients were selected for analysis. Ghrelin therapy was associated with a significantly shorter duration of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) (MD: − 2.72, P = 0.0001), lower CRP level on postoperative day 3 (MD: − 3.64, P < 0.0001), and less total bodyweight loss (MD: − 1.87, P = 0.14). There was no differences between the two groups in IL-6 level on postoperative day 3 (MD: − 19.65, P = 0.32), total lean body weight loss (MD: − 1.87, P = 0.14), total body fat loss (MD: 0.15, P = 0.84), pulmonary complications (OR: 0.47, P = 0.12), anastomotic leak (OR: 1.17, P = 0.78), wound complications (OR: 1.64, P = 0.63), postoperative bleeding (OR: 0.32, P = 0.33), arrhythmia (OR: 1.22, P = 0.77).

Conclusions
Administration of ghrelin following oesophagoectomy may reduce duration of postoperative SIRS and bodyweight loss. Whether shorter duration of SIRS and less bodyweight loss resulted from postoperative ghrelin therapy can translate into improved morbidity or mortality outcomes remains unknown. There is a need for randomised controlled trials with robust statistical power to investigate the role of postoperative ghrelin therapy on morbidity and mortality outcomes in patients undergoing oesophagectomy.