bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Value of Preexisting Structures for Digital Access: Modelling the Resolutions of the Dutch States General
Authors: Koolen Marijn , Hoekstra Rik , Oddens Joris , Sluijter Ronald , Van Koert Rutger , Brouwer Gijsjan , Brugman Hennie 
Published: March 2023

The Resolutions of the Dutch States General (1576–1796) is an archive covering over two centuries of decision making and consists of a heterogeneous series of handwritten and printed documents. The archive, which has recently been digitised, is a rich source for historical research. However, owing to the archive’s heterogeneity and dispersion of information, historians and other researchers find it hard to use the archive for their research.
In this article, we describe how we deal with the challenges of structuring and connecting the information in this archive. We focus on identifying the existing structural elements, to turn the archive from a set of pages into a set of meeting dates and individual resolutions, with rich metadata for each resolution. To deal with the challenges of historical language change, spelling variation, and text recognition mistakes, we exploit the repetitive nature of the language of the resolutions and use fuzzy string searching to identify structural elements by the formulaic expressions that signal their boundaries. We also discuss and provide an analysis of the value of extracting different types of entities from the text and argue that the choice of which types of entities to focus on should be made based on how they support relevant research questions and methods. In the resolutions, we choose to prioritise person qualifications such as profession, legal status, or title, over person names. Qualifications allow users to select certain groups of people and to meaningfully combine with other layers of metadata, whereas person names lack contextual information to disambiguate them, making it unclear which and how many persons are referred to by selecting a specific person name. We show how our methodology results in a computational platform that allows users to explore and analyse the archive through many connected layers of metadata.
Coreference Resolution through a seq2seq Transition-Based System
Authors: Bohnet Bernd , Alberti Chris , Collins Michael 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMost recent coreference resolution systems use search algorithms over possible spans to identify mentions and resolve coreference. We instead present a coreference resolution system that uses a text-to-text (seq2seq) paradigm to predict mentions and links jointly. We implement the coreference system as a transition system and use multilingual T5 as an underlying language model. We obtain state-of-the-art accuracy on the CoNLL-2012 datasets with 83.3 F1-score for English (a 2.3 higher F1-score than previous work [Dobrovolskii, 2021]) using only CoNLL data for training, 68.5 F1-score for Arabic (+4.1 higher than previous work), and 74.3 F1-score for Chinese (+5.3). In addition we use the SemEval-2010 data sets for experiments in the zero-shot setting, a few-shot setting, and supervised setting using all available training data. We obtain substantially higher zero-shot F1-scores for 3 out of 4 languages than previous approaches and significantly exceed previous supervised state-of-the-art results for all five tested languages. We provide the code and models as open source.1
From the Universal Brotherhood to the Lodge of Soldiers
Authors: Hess Karolina Maria 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The article analyses the idea of service in Theosophy, and the initiatives directly related to the theme in the Theosophical structures. The main focus are three organizations active in Poland: Theosophical Association of Service, League of Service (operating as the league of the Theosophical Order of Service), and the Order of the Brothers of Service, and their connections to the international initiatives. The analyses of archival sources show, on the one hand, how Polish Theosophists were influenced by local political and historical context of newly regained national independence, and on the other how leading Theosophists, especially George S. Arundale influenced the Polish discourse about national identity in the Theosophical context. It also shows how various ideas of service crystalized as military service during the Second World War and lead to establishing the Polish speaking lodge in London.
Investor-State Arbitration and Indigenous Rights
Authors: Kwan-Parsons Inigo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Investment treaties and investor-state dispute settlement (isds) have significantly affected indigenous rights, and led to legal developments regarding both the substantive rights in investments treaties (such as the inclusion of ‘carve out clauses’ intended to preserve the rights of indigenous peoples from foreign investors), and how tribunals deal with indigenous rights when adjudicating disputes. This article examines developments in this niche jurisprudence and discusses the implications thereof. It firstly considers the various rights of indigenous peoples seen to be at play in an international law context, and the various legal instruments in which some of those rights are reflected and derived from. Secondly, the article examines a selection of relevant investment treaties which have provisions affecting the rights of indigenous peoples that have been considered by tribunals. More recent investment treaties that have developed provisions which affect indigenous rights are also considered. Thirdly, this article examines how indigenous rights have been applied by tribunals in isds. Fourthly, it explores how indigenous rights may be further applied in isds and considers the practical application thereof. In doing so, it is argued that the development of isds jurisprudence in cases concerning indigenous rights, indicates an openness to considering, incorporating, and applying indigenous rights in isds.
الزواج في مجتمع بلاد الرافدين في ضوء النصوص المسمارية
Authors: الأنصاري داليا 
Published: March 2023

Families in the Mesopotamian society are based on strong relations, such as marriage, which is accepted by traditions, customs and laws. Many marriage contracts were authenticated on muddy boards (tablets).
Marriage is a social, legislative and legal union between man and woman, its aim is to produce children, to establish a family and create social, economic relations that will have an effect on the future. The impact of these relations will affect many of the families that have a direct relationship between the husband and the wife.
The economic situations, the social status and the intellectual aspects of the Mesopotamian society have contributed to identifying the marriage system. Although there is no sufficient information about the first aspects of marriage in Mesopotamia, it may be affected by different phases which affect also primitive unions before they were civilized.
Through studying the legal items and analyzing the daily documents of marriage, it is revealed that its rules were developed and made complicated in Mesopotamia and they did not differ from the rules of marriage in the Eastern communities of our present time.
Marriage has specific rituals according to customs and traditions. Marriage rituals differ according to those prevalent in each community; depending on the environmental circumstances and the social and culture aspects of the community.
The agricultural communities are similar to the community of Mesopotamia; marriage in the rural community is a necessary demand up till now, aiming at bringing children to the world or motivating women to help men in their work, such as sowing the land.
Persianate Fiqh in Indonesia: Majmuʿih-yi Khani as a Rare Legal Manuscript in a Cosmopolitan Context
Authors: Daneshgar Majid 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
It is often said that the Shafiʿi school of law was the main source of the Malay-Indonesian Islamic legal tradition and codes during the last couple of centuries. However, one may wonder if further Islamic legal schools were welcomed in the archipelago and, if so, how and under what circumstances. On this subject, the author examines a rare, thick, fragile, and rare Persian manuscript. Copied in the seventeenth century, the manuscript in question is a work that was not only in the possession of Malay-speaking people. The manuscript clearly shows an attempt to translate it into local languages and to expand its jurisprudential clauses. Being a comprehensive source for the study and practice of Islamic law, it includes both Sunni and Shiʿi classical legal treatises, their Qurʾanic commentaries on “legal verses,” and relevant theological comments. This source has the potential to invite scholars to re-examine the context of seventeenth and eighteenth-century Southeast Asian manuscripts which used to be known as the turning point towards “Shariatization” by means of Arabo-Sunni legal and theological treatises, and to raise a more robust conjecture about the cosmopolitan nature of the Indonesian archipelago.
Entangled Impurities in Contemporary Sindh: Some Evidence from Law and Bureaucracy
Authors: Farrukhi Ghazal Asif 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This article lays out a framework for conceptualizing how religious differences and hierarchical, hereditary inequality consolidate in contemporary Sindh. I argue that the terms Hindu, Dalit, and hari are often conflated due to their entangled trajectories. Addressing this conflation sheds light on how structural inequality and discrimination function in Sindh. The article begins by focusing on a government document that limits potential applicants for a sanitation job to “non-Muslims.” Next, it explores how the religious category of Hindu has become, over time, susceptible to ritual stigmas, social marginalization, caste oppression, and hierarchization. Last, it addresses a legal judgment that hinges on recognizing caste inequality but cannot say so. Analysis of the decision reveals how the entanglement of Hindu, Dalit, and hari legal categories produces certain citizen-subjects as perpetual legal minors requiring the state’s paternalistic protection. Throughout, the article illustrates how the production of multiple hierarchies in the social fabric of Sindh and Pakistan broadly operates through the deployment of caste stigma as a public secret.
بلاغة الأمل في قصيدة ”إرادة الحياة“ لأبي القاسم الشابّي (1909–1934)
Authors: Al Mabkhout (شكري المبخوت) Shokri 
Published: March 2023

المستخلص
‫يحلّل المقال قصيدة ”إرادة الحياة“ لأبي القاسم الشابّي انطلاقًا من فرضيّة مفادها أنّ دلالة الأمل في هذه القصيدة لا تُدرَك إلّا داخل العالم الشعريّ الذي بناه الشابّي في مدوّنته، وهو عالم لا تناقُض فيه بين ”بلاغة الأمل“ و”بلاغة اليأس،“ فلكلتا البلاغتين عمق خياليّ وفكريّ غير الظاهر منه في هذه القصيدة أو تلك. وللوصول إلى تحديد مآتي الأمل في شعر الشابّي، يقارب المقال عالمه الشعريّ داخل إطارين نظريّين: أوّلهما ما تقترحه علينا نظريّة الاستعارة التصوّريّة لدى لايكوف (Lakoff ) وجونسن (Johnson)، ومن سار على نهجهما، من طرقٍ في بنْيَنَة النسيج اللغويّ-الاستعاريّ-التصوّريّ للأمل في القصيدة؛ وثانيهما ما نجده في نظريّة جلبار دوران (Gilbert Durand) من منطلقات وتصوّرات في شأن الأبنية الأنتروبولوجيّة للخيال، عسى أن نصل إلى تحديد الكون الخياليّ لدى الشابّي، وموقع موضوع الأمل فيه، وشبكة الصور والرموز التي تبنيه وتولّده شعريًّا. ويبيّن التحليل أنّ للبعد ”الثوريّ المتفائل“ في البيتين اللّذين اشتُهرا من قصيدة ”إرادة الحياة“ منابتَ أعمق تُستمدّ جذورها من الفضاء الاستعاريّ الخياليّ الذي يغذّي شعر الشابّي كلّه. ويصل عن طريق ذلك إلى صياغة أولى لما يمكن أن نسمّيه ”بلاغة الأمل“ (أو ”شعريّة الأمل“)، وهي بلاغة لا تكتفي بالظاهر اللغويّ للقول بل تحاول وصله بالأساس التصوّريّ-الخياليّ.‬
Seasonal Dependence of TC–ISO Relationship and Its Potential Effect on the Intensification of TCs in the Western North Pacific since the Early 2000s
Authors: Hong Chi-Cherng , Chang Chi-Chun , Chen Kuan-Chieh , Tsou Chih-Hua 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This study reported that the intensification of tropical cyclones (TCs) to major TCs (MTCs) in the western North Pacific (WNP) region exhibited strong difference between boreal autumn (SON) and summer (JJA) since the early 2000s; the ratio of MTCs to the total number of TCs (MTC ratio) has continuously increased in SON but not in JJA. Due to this difference, more MTCs form and pass through the western flank of the WNP region in SON. The increase of the MTC ratio in SON was associated with interdecadal variability in TC activity and 30–60-day intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) variability. The mean genesis location of TCs and ISOs accompanied by a negative outgoing longwave radiation anomaly shrunk and shifted westward simultaneously in SON since the early 2000s due to the westward extension of the WNP subtropical high. However, this change was not observed in JJA. This westward shift of ISO substantially modulated large-scale thermodynamic and dynamic conditions, which in turn enhanced the TC–ISO interaction and accelerated energy conversion between TC and ISO. The kinetic energy budget along the MTC track was further analyzed to understand the TC–ISO interaction. Both the lower-level barotropic energy conversion (CK) and upper-level baroclinic energy conversion (CE) contributed to the intensification of TCs. CK mainly resulted from the scale interaction between TCs and ISO, whereas CE resulted from TC-related perturbations.

Significant Statement
This study reported the seasonality of TC intensification in the WNP during the early 2000s. Here, we extended the previous work to present that the interdecadal increase of the ratio of TC developing to major TC (MTC; ≥category 3; referred to MTC ratio) exhibits strong seasonal dependence. That is, the MTC ratio stays stationary approximately in 30% for JJA, but it jumps from 40% to 50% in SON. Consequently, more MTCs form and pass through the western flank of the WNP region in SON. The possible physical processes behind the increase of MTC ratio were discussed. These results may advance our knowledge about the TC intensification and were helpful for TC prediction.
Spatial Market Integration, Price Transmission and Transaction Costs in Major Onion Markets of India
Authors: Ahmed Mumtaz , Singla Naresh 
Published: March 2023

The price information is one of the prime objectives of marketing strategies, and the farmers are unable to determine the marketing strategies without knowing the price movements of the agricultural commodities. In this context, the study has examined the spatial price integration among four major onion markets using the threshold vector error correction model (TVECM) that takes into account transaction costs in the price adjustment process. Augmented Dickey–Fuller and Phillips–Perron tests for unit root suggest that the time series is I(1). The application of the Johansen cointegration technique supports the presence of long-run price association and equilibrium in all pairs of onion markets. The Granger Causality test unveils that Bengaluru Granger causes all the markets except Kolkata. The Hansen and Seo supreme Lagrange Multiplier ( SupLM) test of linearity suggests that non-linear TVECM with one threshold and two regimes is best fit for the underlying data for three pairs of markets. While the rest of the three pairs, the SupLM test rejects the null of linearity, therefore, linear vector error correction model (VECM) is estimated. Finally, VECM and TVECM results reveal that Mumbai and Bengaluru are dominant markets in price formation in rest of the markets. Against these findings, it is suggested that the prices should be stabilised in the dominant markets so that the price shocks are not transferred to other markets. The threshold parameter, which is analogous to transaction cost, reveals the high transaction costs between the selected markets pairs, especially Mumbai and Delhi. One of the reasons for the high transaction costs may be the inefficiencies in infrastructure and communication. While a more correct explanation for this difference can be attributed to the differences in marketing fees, taxes, commission charges, license fees, etc., across the spatially separated agricultural markets. JEL Codes: Q1, Q13, D4, C22, D23
Mechanical and optical performance evaluations of embedded polyimide and PEEK coated distributed optical sensors in glass fibre reinforced composites with vinyl ester resin systems
Authors: Nagulapally Prashanth , Shamsuddoha Md , Herath Thinu , Djukic Luke , Prusty Gangadhara B 
Published: March 2023

Embedded optical fibre sensors (OFSs) offer the potential to monitor the internal strains at various stages during the manufacturing and service life of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite structures. Various aspects associated with the embedment of OFSs, such as integration, material compatibility, and sensing performance of the embedded sensor needs to be investigated to develop reliable OFSs based internal sensing platform for composite structures. In this study, Polyimide (PI) and Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) coated optical fibres (OF) were embedded into glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites to evaluate four important aspects associated with the embedment of OFs, which include; i). Structural integrity of the OFs against chemical reactions from vinyl ester resin and its additives through immersion testing, ii). Methods of integrating the OFs into layered glass fibres for the vacuum resin infusion manufacturing process, iii). Sensing performance of the embedded OFs during manufacturing and structural testing (tensile and compressive), and iv). Internal structural integrity of the embedded OFs and the host composite structure using X-Ray micro-computerised tomography technique (μ-CT). The results from the immersion testing and manufacturing process monitoring showed that both PEEK and PI coated OFs can resist the chemical and mechanical stresses caused by resin polymerisation during curing process. The subsequent mechanical testing showed a similar sensing performance by the PI and PEEK coated OFs. Under tensile loads, the OFs monitored the tensile strain distribution up to 7,000 με and compressive strain distribution up to −1,200 με under flexural loading without compromising their optical performance. Finally, the μ-CT scanning results had shown a minimal structural deterioration of the embedded OFs and host composite structure. The outcomes from this detailed experimental investigation on the embedment of OFS in GFRP structures provided useful information towards the integration and performance of optical sensors in composite structures.
Characteristics of Decedents With COVID-19–Related Mortality in Kentucky, July 1–August 13, 2021
Authors: Cavanaugh Alyson M. , Raparti Likhita , Bhurgri Mishaal , Herrington Amy , Holladay Claire , Arora Vaneet , Spicer Kevin B. , Thoroughman Douglas A. , Winter Kathleen 
Published: March 2023

Objective: Although vaccination reduces the risk of severe COVID-19, fatal COVID-19 cases after vaccination can occur. We examined the characteristics of decedents with COVID-19–related mortality to help inform discussions about vaccination, boosters, and mitigation strategies. Methods: We examined COVID-19–related deaths in Kentucky resulting from infections occurring from July 1 through August 13, 2021. We used records from case investigations, medical records, the Kentucky Health Information Exchange, and the Kentucky Immunization Registry to determine demographic information, vaccination status, and underlying health conditions, including calculation of the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). We calculated mortality incidence rates by vaccination status by using data for unvaccinated and fully vaccinated populations in Kentucky as of July 1, 2021. Results: In total, 777 COVID-19–related deaths occurred in Kentucky during the study period; 592 (76.2%) occurred among unvaccinated people. Compared with unvaccinated decedents, fully vaccinated decedents were older (median age, 77 vs 65 years; P < .001), had higher comorbidity levels (median CCI, 3 vs 1; P < .001), and were more likely to have immunocompromised health status (26.4% vs 16.0%; P = .003). Diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, and chronic lung disease were more common among vaccinated decedents than among unvaccinated decedents. Unvaccinated adults had a significantly higher risk of death than fully vaccinated adults (incidence rate ratio for age 20-49 years: 20.5 [95% CI, 6.5-64.8]; 50-64 years: 14.6 [95% CI, 9.4-22.7]; ≥65 years: 10.2 [95% CI, 8.3-12.4]). Conclusions: Immunocompromised health status, older age, and higher comorbidity were prevalent among fully vaccinated decedents, suggesting adults with these characteristics may benefit from additional protection strategies. Further understanding of the protection of additional and booster doses is needed.
Provisional Entrants, Exemptions, and Kindergarteners Up-to-Date on Vaccination Before and After a Regulatory Change in Pennsylvania, 2015-2019
Authors: Delamater Paul L. , Goel Varun , Strack Claire N. , Yang Y. Tony 
Published: March 2023

Objectives: Before the 2017-2018 school year, Pennsylvania shortened the grace period for provisional entrants—kindergarteners who are not up-to-date on vaccination and do not have medical or nonmedical exemption—from 8 months to 5 days. We analyzed the impact of this change on school-entry vaccination status. Methods: Using data from the Pennsylvania Department of Health for school years 2015-2016 through 2018-2019, we examined state-level trends in Pennsylvania kindergarteners’ vaccination status, including the percentage who were up-to-date on each required vaccine, provisionally enrolled, medically exempted from vaccination, and nonmedically exempted from vaccination. Using the Spearman correlation coefficient, we assessed associations at the school level among changes in kindergarteners’ vaccination status after the grace period was shortened. Results: From 2016-2017 to 2017-2018, the provisional entrance rate of kindergarteners in Pennsylvania decreased substantially after the change in the grace period (from 8.1% to 2.2%), the medical exemption rate remained stable, and the nonmedical exemption rate increased slightly (from 1.8% to 2.5%). The percentage of kindergarteners up-to-date on required vaccines increased or remained stable across the study period except for polio, which decreased from 97.9% in 2015-2016 to 96.2% in 2018-2019. The change in provisional entrance rate was negatively associated with change in kindergarteners up-to-date on required vaccines (ρ range, −0.30 to −0.70) but not with change in medical or nonmedical exemptions (ρ range, −0.01 to −0.08). Conclusions: Efforts to reduce provisional entrants may increase the percentage of kindergarteners up-to-date on vaccinations at school entry without a corresponding increase in exemptions.
Biocomposites Films Based on Polylactic Acid and Olive Wood-Flour: Investigation on Physical, Thermal and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Taktak Imen , Mansouri Afef , Souissi Slim , Etoh Marie-Annie , Elloumi Ahmed 
Published: March 2023

Considerable interest has been shown in the development of biocomposite films for food packaging in recent years. In this study, biocomposite films based on polylactic acid (PLA) were prepared with varying levels of olive wood flour (OWF) (0, 1, 3, 5, and 10 wt%) using the solvent casting method. To achieve better dispersion, 2% ethanol was added during the casting of the biocomposite films. The effect of OWF content on the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the PLA films was investigated. Interaction between the OWF cellulose and the PLA matrix was revealed by FTIR spectroscopy analysis, and the addition of ethanol was found to be suitable for better dispersion of OWF, which resulted in decreased agglomeration rate in the biocomposites. The biocomposite films with the addition of 1% of OWF (OW1) exhibited the best dispersion, thermal stability, and tensile strength, with a gain of 31.07% (29.65 ± 6.6 MPa) and an increase in Young’s modulus of 15% (1199.18 ± 98 MPa). It was demonstrated that the properties of the PLA/OWF biocomposites make them suitable for green applications, including as film packaging for food products.