bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“I would be lost without it but it's not the same” experiences of adults with intellectual disabilities of using information & communication technology during the COVID‐19 global pandemic
Authors: Chadwick Darren D. , Buell Susan , Burgess Emma , Peters Vince 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 is a life‐threatening virus which has circulated the globe resulting in unprecedented effects on the daily lives of people across the world. Countries across the globe have advocated measures, including self‐isolation and maintaining social distance to reduce the spread of COVID‐19. The pandemic has seen an increase in the use of information and communication technology (ICT) for many aspects of life. This study aimed to find out from people with intellectual disabilities what it was like using ICT during COVID‐19 and how this affected their lives.MethodInterviews and focus groups were conducted with 19 people with learning disabilities throughout the COVID pandemic. The qu/alitative data gathered was analysed using longitudinal thematic framework analysis to identify the main ways technology use had impacted on people's lives and the challenges and facilitators of technology use during this time.FindingsTechnology played an important role in the lives of the people with learning disabilities who took part in the study. Technology facilitated continuation and maintenance of important daily activities and roles in people's lives (e.g., jobs, getting support and leisure), keeping people meaningfully occupied and maintaining social contact which reduced feelings of loneliness and isolation. People adapted and learned new skills, with help from friends, family and support staff, which boosted self‐confidence. Despite some identified barriers, prior technology use, tenacity and a positive attitude towards ICT supported learning new skills and adaptation to increased ICT use.ConclusionsSupporting the development of digital competence, confidence and persistence in people with learning disabilities was important during this international crisis and has had a fundamental positive effect on wellbeing.
Friends or foes: The mononuclear phagocyte system in ischemic stroke
Authors: Ziqing Zhang , Yunpeng Liu , Yiqi Liu , Yang Wang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIschemic stroke (IS) is a major cause of disability and death in adults, and the immune response plays an indispensable role in its pathological process. After the onset of IS, an inflammatory storm, with the infiltration and mobilization of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), is triggered in the brain. Microglia are rapidly activated in situ, followed by waves of circulating monocytes into the ischemic area. Activated microglia and monocytes/macrophages are mainly distributed in the peri‐infarct area. These cells have similar morphology and functions, such as secreting cytokines and phagocytosis. Previously, the presence of the MPS was considered a marker of an exacerbated inflammatory response that contributes to brain damage. However, recent studies have suggested a rather complicated role of the MPS in IS. Here, we reviewed articles focusing on various functions of the MPS among different phases of IS, including recruitment, polarization, phagocytosis, angiogenesis, and interaction with other types of cells. Moreover, due to the characteristics of the MPS, we also noted clinical research addressing alterations in the MPS as potential biomarkers for IS patients for the purposes of predicting prognosis and developing novel therapeutic strategies.
Isolation, characterization and anticancer activity of secondary metabolites from Verbascum speciosum
Authors: Demirci Serpil , Alp Cemalettin , Akşit Hüseyin , Ulutaş Yakup , Altay Ahmet , Yeniçeri Esma , Köksal Ekrem , Yaylı Nurettin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHerein, two iridoid glucosides aucubin (1) and ajugol (2), and two phenyl ethanoids, verbascoside (3) and poliumoside (4) were isolated from the methanol extract of the aerial parts of Verbascum speciosum and used to study about their anticancer activity for the first time. The structures of all compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic data (IR, 1D and 2D NMR, LC‐TOF/MS). Antiproliferative activities of Aucubun (1) and Verbascoside (3) were tested against A‐549 (human colon cancer), MDA‐MD‐453 (human breast cancer) and 3T3‐L1 (mouse fibroblast)cell lines by XTT assay. In addition, the anticarcer mechanism of action of aucubin (1) was investigated on MDA‐MB‐453 cells for the first time. XTT result showed that both applied compounds exhibited antiproliferative effect at different dose ranges depending on the cancer type, as well as selectivity between cancer and healty cell lines. Flow cytometry analyzes revealed that aucubin (1) exerts its cytotoxic effect in MDA‐MB‐453 cells by directing cells to early apoptosis and inhibiting the P13K/AKT signaling pathway.
Acute systemic myeloid inflammatory and stress response in severe food allergic reactions
Authors: Sharma Ankit , Rijavec Matija , Tomar Sunil , Yamani Amnah , Ganesan Varsha , Krempski James , Schuler Charles F. , Bunyavanich Supinda , Korosec Peter , Hogan Simon P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionFood allergic reactions can be severe and potentially life‐threatening and the underlying immunological processes that contribute to the severity of reactions are poorly understood. The aim of this study is to integrate bulk RNA‐sequencing of human and mouse peripheral blood mononuclear cells during food allergic reactions and in vivo mouse models of food allergy to identify dysregulated immunological processes associated with severe food allergic reactions.MethodsBulk transcriptomics of whole blood from human and mouse following food allergic reactions combined with integrative differential expressed gene bivariate and module eigengene network analyses to identify the whole blood transcriptome associated with food allergy severity. In vivo validation immune cell and gene expression in mice following IgE‐mediated reaction.ResultsBulk transcriptomics of whole blood from mice with different severity of food allergy identified gene ontology (GO) biological processes associated with innate and inflammatory immune responses, dysregulation of MAPK and NFkB signalling and identified 429 genes that correlated with reaction severity. Utilizing two independent human cohorts, we identified 335 genes that correlated with severity of peanut‐induced food allergic reactions. Mapping mouse food allergy severity transcriptome onto the human transcriptome revealed 11 genes significantly dysregulated and correlated with severity. Analyses of whole blood from mice undergoing an IgE‐mediated reaction revealed a rapid change in blood leukocytes particularly inflammatory monocytes (Ly6Chi Ly6G−) and neutrophils that was associated with changes in CLEC4E, CD218A and GPR27 surface expression.ConclusionsCollectively, IgE‐mediated food allergy severity is associated with a rapid innate inflammatory response associated with acute cellular stress processes and dysregulation of peripheral blood inflammatory myeloid cell frequencies.
Epigenome alterations in food allergy: A systematic review of candidate gene and epigenome‐wide association studies
Authors: Safar Ramia , Oussalah Abderrahim , Mayorga Lina , Vieths Stefan , Barber Domingo , Torres Maria Jose , Guéant Jean‐Louis 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to systematically review the evidence across studies that assessed DNA methylome variations in association with food allergy (FA).DesignA systematic review of the literature and meta‐analysis were carried out within several databases. However, the risk of bias in the included articles was not evaluated.Data sourcesPubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Web of Science were used to search up to July 2022.Eligibility criteriaWe included targeted and epigenome‐wide association studies (EWASs) that assessed DNA methylome alterations in association with FA in adult or paediatric populations.ResultsAmong 366 publications, only 16 were retained, which were mainly focused on FA in children. Seven candidate gene‐targeted studies found associations in Th1/Th2 imbalance (IL4, IL5, IL10, INFG, IL2 and IL12B genes), regulatory T cell function (FOXP3 gene), Toll‐like receptors pathway (TLR2, CD14 genes) and digestive barrier integrity (FLG gene). Nine EWAS assessed the association with peanut allergy (n = 3), cow's milk allergy (n = 2) or various food allergens (n = 4). They highlighted 11 differentially methylated loci in at least two studies (RPS6KA2, CAMTA1, CTBP2, RYR2, TRAPPC9, DOCK1, GALNTL4, HDAC4, UMODL1, ZAK and TNS3 genes). Among them, CAMTA1 and RPS6KA2, and CTBP2 are involved in regulatory T cell function and Th2 cell differentiation, respectively. Gene‐functional analysis revealed two enriched gene clusters involved in immune responses and protein phosphorylation. ChIP‐X Enrichment Analysis 3 showed eight significant transcription factors (RXRA, ZBTB7A, ESR1, TCF3, MYOD1, CTCF, GATA3 and CBX2). Ingenuity Pathway Analysis identified canonical pathways involved, among other, in B cell development, pathogen‐induced cytokine storm signalling pathway and dendritic cell maturation.ConclusionThis review highlights the involvement of epigenomic alterations of loci in Th1/Th2 and regulatory T cell differentiation in both candidate gene studies and EWAS. These alterations provide a better insight into the mechanistic aspects in FA pathogenesis and may guide the development of epigenome‐based biomarkers for FA.
Optic nerve sheath fenestration for treating papilloedema in the era of cerebral venous sinus stenting
Authors: McCluskey Peter J. , Lam Danny , Ang Timothy , Todd Michael J. , Halmágyi Gábor M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundPseudotumour cerebri (PTC) is the syndrome of intracranial hypertension without intracranial mass or hydrocephalus and is the commonest cause of papilloedema seen in many eye clinics. In the last 10 years, we have increasingly used TSS in patients whose papilloedema was not well controlled with medical treatment and have done fewer ONSFs. Here, we review our experience at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Sydney with ONSF in 35 patients over the period 2002–2021.MethodsRetrospective case series of 35 patients, 30 of whom had primary PTC [i.e., idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH)] and 5 with secondary PTC.ResultsEighteen patients had bilateral ONSF and 17 patients unilateral ONSF, in each case of the worse eye. Thirteen patients then underwent transverse sinus stenting (TSS), in each case following ONSF. The primary outcome measures were visual acuity (VA) and mean deviation (MD) on visual field (VF) testing. MD improved by 5 dB or more in 34 of 70 total eyes (48.6%); VA improved by 0.2 logMAR (two lines on Snellen chart) or more in 21 eyes (30%), and by both in 15 eyes (21.4%). Final MD was −10 dB or better in 38 eyes (54.3%); final VA was 0.3 (6/12) or better in 54 eyes (77.1%), and both in 39 eyes (55.7%).ConclusionsThe results confirm that ONSF can relieve papilloedoema in both eyes and improve both VF and VA, even in cases of fulminant PTC with severe acute visual impairment.
Diagnostic yield from prenatal exome sequencing for non‐immune hydrops fetalis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Al‐Kouatly Huda B. , Shivashankar Kavya , Mossayebi Matthew H. , Makhamreh Mona , Critchlow Elizabeth , Gao Zimeng , Fasehun Luther‐King , Alkuraya Fowzan S. , Ryan Erin E. , Hegde Madhuri , Wodoslawsky Sascha , Hughes Joel , Berger Seth I. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNon‐immune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) has multiple genetic etiologies diagnosable by exome sequencing (ES). We evaluated the yield of prenatal ES for NIHF, and the contribution of additional clinical findings and history. Systematic review was performed with PROSPERO tag 232951 using CINAHL, PubMed, and Ovid MEDLINE from January 1, 2000 through December 1, 2021. Selected studies performed ES to augment standard prenatal diagnostic approaches. Cases meeting a strict NIHF phenotype were tabulated with structured data imputed from papers or requested from authors. Genetic variants and diagnostic outcomes were harmonized across studies using current ACMG and ClinGen variant classification guidelines. Thirty‐one studies reporting 445 NIHF cases had a 37% (95% CI: 32%–41%) diagnostic rate. There was no significant difference between isolated NIHF and NIHF with fetal malformations or between recurrent and simplex cases. Diagnostic rate was higher for consanguineous than non‐consanguineous cases. Disease categories included RASopathies (24%), neuromuscular (21%), metabolic (17%), lymphatic (13%), other syndromes (9%), cardiovascular (5%), hematologic (2%), skeletal (2%), and other categories (7%). Inheritance patterns included recessive (55%), dominant (41%), and X‐linked (4%). ES should be considered in the diagnostic workup of NIHF with and without associated ultrasound findings regardless of history of recurrence or consanguinity.
Nonsurgical cleaning potential of deep‐threaded implants and titanium particle release: A novel in vitro tissue model
Authors: Fischer Kai R. , Büchel Jasmin , Gubler Andrea , Liu Chun Ching , Sahrmann Philipp , Schmidlin Patrick R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo measure the efficiency of three cleaning modalities on two implant designs with similar diameters but different thread depths as well as the presence of titanium particles.MethodsSixty dyed implants (30 × 4.8 apically tapered (ATAP) and 30 × 5.0 fully tapered (FTAP)) were fixed in plastic models. The horizontal bone defects were surrounded with porcine soft tissue. Three instrumentation modalities were used to clean for 150 s: Curette (CUR), ultrasonic scaler (US), and air powder waterjet device (APWJ) with erythritol powder. Afterward, implants were photographed and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images were taken. Titanium in the soft tissues was quantified in dissolved samples and histologically confirmed.ResultsFor ATAP and FTAP implants, the percentage of the cleaned surface was 26.4 ± 3.0 and 17.1 ± 2.4% for CUR, 33.7 ± 3.8% and 28.1 ± 2.3% for US, and 45.5 ± 4.1% and 24.7 ± 3.8% for APWJ, respectively. SEM images showed significant implant surface changes, especially after instrumentation with CUR and US, whereas APWJ had little to no effect. Most titanium residues were found after cleaning ATAP implants with CUR (152.0 ± 75.5), followed by US (89.5 ± 73.8) and APWJ (0.3 ± 0.8). For the FTAP implants, respective values accounted for 129.5 ± 58.6 μg and 67.0 ± 14.4 μg for CUR and US, respectively. No titanium residues were detected on ATAP with APWJ.ConclusionBased on in vitro data, erythritol‐powered APWJ still appears to be the most efficient and gentle cleaning method. All three instruments, however, were found to have unprocessed areas depending on different implant designs, hence, clinical relevance for non‐surgical approaches remains challenging and warrants further improvement.
The efficacy of laser haemorrhoidoplasty (LHP) in the treatment of symptomatic haemorrhoidal disease: An observational cohort study
Authors: Boerhave Nadim H. P. , Klicks Rutger J. , Dogan Kemal 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimLaser haemorrhoidoplasty (LHP) is an emerging nonexcisional surgical procedure in which the arteriovenous flow of the haemorrhoidal plexus is interrupted through laser coagulation. The aim of this cohort study was to assess efficacy of LHP in treating symptomatic haemorrhoidal disease through patient satisfaction, remission of symptoms (blood loss, pain, itching, soiling, mucosal prolapse) and recurrence of haemorrhoids.MethodsPatients who underwent treatment for symptomatic haemorrhoids (degrees 1–4) through an LHP procedure between 2015 and 2021 were included in the study. A 1470 nm‐diode laser was used. A total of 200 patients (71% male, average age 51 years) were analysed. Primary outcomes were patient satisfaction and/or complete recovery of symptoms. Secondary outcomes were operating time, complications and recurrence rates. Patient satisfaction, postoperative blood loss, pain and complications were evaluated 6–7 weeks postoperatively. Room turnover time and operating time were documented. Recurrence of haemorrhoids following LHP treatment within 1 year was evaluated.ResultsPatient satisfaction regarding LHP treatment was reached in 155 (84,7%) patients. Postoperative blood loss was reported by 44 (24,0%) patients during time of evaluation. Twenty‐four (13,1%) patients reported postoperative pain after 6–7 weeks. Postoperative complications occurred in seven patients (3 anal fissures, 2 perianal abscess, 1 perianal fistula, 1 postoperative anaemia). Room turnover time (patient in to patient out) was 21 min with an average operating time of 7 min. Recurrence of haemorrhoids within 1 year occurred in 50 (27,3%) patients.ConclusionsLaser haemorrhoidoplasty appears to be a promising and effective nonexcisional surgical procedure in the treatment of symptomatic haemorrhoidal disease with high patient satisfaction, acceptable postoperative symptoms, minimal complications and short operating times.
Home drinking practices among middle‐class adults in midlife during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Material ubiquity, automatic routines and embodied states
Authors: Lyons Antonia C. , Young Jessica , Blake Denise , Evans Penny , Stephens Christine 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionHarmful drinking is increasing among mid‐life adults. Using social practice theory, this research investigated the knowledge, actions, materials, places and temporalities that comprise home drinking practices among middle‐class adults (40–65 years) in Aotearoa New Zealand during 2021–2022 and post the COVID‐19 pandemic lockdowns.MethodsNine friendship groups (N = 45; 26 females, 19 males from various life stages and ethnicities) discussed their drinking practices. A subset of 10 participants (8 female, 2 male) shared digital content (photos, screenshots) about alcohol and drinking over 2 weeks, which they subsequently discussed in an individual interview. Group and interview transcripts were thematically analysed using the digital content to inform the analysis.ResultsThree themes were identified around home drinking practices, namely: (i) alcohol objects as everywhere, embedded throughout spaces and places in the home; (ii) drinking practices as habitual, automatic and conditioned to mundane everyday domestic chores, routines and times; and (iii) drinking practices intentionally used by participants to achieve desired embodied states to manage feelings linked to domestic and everyday routines.Discussion and ConclusionsAlcohol was normalised and everywhere within the homes of these midlife adults. Alcohol‐related objects and products had their own agency, being entangled with domestic routines and activities, affecting drinking in both automatic and intentional ways. Developing alcohol policy that would change its ubiquitous and ordinary status, and the ‘automatic’ nature of many drinking practices, is needed. This includes restricting marketing and availability to disrupt the acceptability and normalisation of alcohol in the everyday domestic lives of adults at midlife.
Physicians' attitudes towards ethical issues and end‐of‐life decision‐making for pediatric patients with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome: An international survey
Authors: Schembs Leah , Racine Eric , Shevell Michael , Jox Ralf J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimWe examined physicians' perspectives on the mental capabilities of pediatric patients with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) and their attitudes towards limiting life‐sustaining treatment (LST) in an international context.MethodA questionnaire survey was conducted among 267 neuropediatricians, practicing in 65 countries. Comparisons were made according to the Human Development Index (HDI) of the countries. The Idler Index of Religiosity was applied to determine religiosity.ResultsParticipants from countries with a very high HDI were generally more favorable to limiting LST (p < 0.001), specifically cardiopulmonary resuscitation (p = 0.021), intubation/ventilation (p = 0.014), hemodialysis/hemofiltration (p < 0.001), and antibiotic therapy (p < 0.001). Treatment costs that were too high had a weaker influence on their decisions (p < 0.001). Participants who found it never ethically justifiable to limit LST had a higher mean Idler Index of private (p = 0.001) and general (p = 0.020) religiosity and were less satisfied with treatment decisions (p < 0.001) and the communication during the process (p = 0.016).InterpretationThe perspectives towards limiting LST for pediatric patients with UWS are markedly different between physicians from countries with very high and lower HDIs.
Risk of dementia associated with body mass index, changes in body weight and waist circumference in older people with type 2 diabetes: The Edinburgh Type 2 Diabetes Study
Authors: Chen Bo‐Jen , Sluiman Anniek J. , Khalid Wardah , Strachan Mark W. J. , Price Jackie F. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAims/HypothesisTo determine the relationship of dementia with preceding body mass index (BMI), changes in body weight and waist circumference in older people with type 2 diabetes.MethodsIn the Edinburgh Type 2 Diabetes Study (1064 men and women with type 2 diabetes, aged 60–75), body weight, waist circumference and BMI were measured at baseline and after 4 years in a subgroup (n = 821). Percentage body weight and waist circumference change over 4 years were calculated. Data on incident dementia was recorded during a median follow‐up time of 10.84 years. Survival models considering a range of co‐variables and/or death as a competing risk were used to estimate the risks of dementia associated with each weight‐related variable.ResultsA total of 105 incident dementia events were recorded. When compared with people in the lowest BMI group (<25 kg/m2), risk of dementia was lower in intermediate BMI groups (25–29.9 kg/m2, HR 0.44, p = 0.002; 30–34.9 kg/m2, HR 0.41, p = 0.001) and the highest BMI group (≧35 kg/m2, HR 0.35, p = 0.001). In the weight change subgroup, 78 incident dementia events were recorded between years 4 and 10. Body weight loss over 5% (compared with ≦5%) was associated with higher incidence of dementia (HR 2.06, p = 0.010). The association between waist circumference change and dementia was not significant.Conclusions/InterpretationsBoth a lower BMI and weight loss over a period of years are indicative of increased dementia risk for older people with type 2 diabetes, while waist circumference changes may be less informative.