bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Super-Unsupervised’ Classification for Labelling Text: Online Political Hostility as an Illustration
Authors: Hebbelstrup Rye Rasmussen Stig , Bor Alexander , Osmundsen Mathias , Petersen Michael Bang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe live in a world of text. Yet the sheer magnitude of social media data, coupled with a need to measure complex psychological constructs, has made this important source of data difficult to use. Researchers often engage in costly hand coding of thousands of texts using supervised techniques or rely on unsupervised techniques where the measurement of predefined constructs is difficult. We propose a novel approach that we call ‘super-unsupervised’ learning and demonstrate its usefulness by measuring the psychologically complex construct of online political hostility based on a large corpus of tweets. This approach accomplishes the feat by combining the best features of supervised and unsupervised learning techniques: measurements of complex psychological constructs without a single labelled data source. We first outline the approach before conducting a diverse series of tests that include: (i) face validity, (ii) convergent and discriminant validity, (iii) criterion validity, (iv) external validity, and (v) ecological validity.
Perfection for semigroups
Authors: Laan Valdis , Lepik Alvin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe call a semigroup right perfect if every object in the category of unitary right acts over that semigroup has a projective cover. In this paper, we generalize results about right perfect monoids to the case of semigroups. In our main theorem, we will give nine conditions equivalent to right perfectness of a factorizable semigroup. We also prove that right perfectness is a Morita invariant for factorizable semigroups.
Brain transcriptome-wide association study implicates novel risk genes underlying schizophrenia risk
Authors: Zhang Chengcheng , Li Xiaojing , Zhao Liansheng , Guo Wanjun , Deng Wei , Wang Qiang , Hu Xun , Du Xiangdong , Sham Pak Chung , Luo Xiongjian , Li Tao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo identify risk genes whose expression are regulated by the reported risk variants and to explore the potential regulatory mechanism in schizophrenia (SCZ).MethodsWe systematically integrated three independent brain expression quantitative traits (eQTLs) (CommonMind, GTEx, and BrainSeq Phase 2, a total of 1039 individuals) and GWAS data (56 418 cases and 78 818 controls), with the use of transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS). Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging was utilized to quantify the integrity of white matter bundles and determine whether polygenic risk of novel genes linked to brain structure was present in patients with first-episode antipsychotic SCZ.ResultsTWAS showed that eight risk genes (CORO7, DDAH2, DDHD2, ELAC2, GLT8D1, PCDHA8, THOC7, and TYW5) reached transcriptome-wide significance (TWS) level. These findings were confirmed by an independent integrative approach (i.e. Sherlock). We further conducted conditional analyses and identified the potential risk genes that driven the TWAS association signal in each locus. Gene expression analysis showed that several TWS genes (including CORO7, DDAH2, DDHD2, ELAC2, GLT8D1, THOC7 and TYW5) were dysregulated in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of SCZ cases compared with controls. TWS genes were mainly expressed on the surface of glutamatergic neurons, GABAergic neurons, and microglia. Finally, SCZ cases had a substantially greater TWS genes-based polygenic risk (PRS) compared to controls, and we showed that fractional anisotropy of the cingulum-hippocampus mediates the influence of TWS genes PRS on SCZ.ConclusionsOur findings identified novel SCZ risk genes and highlighted the importance of the TWS genes in frontal-limbic dysfunctions in SCZ, indicating possible therapeutic targets.
The growth trajectories of morphological awareness and its predictors
Authors: Inoue Tomohiro , Georgiou George K. , Parrila Rauno 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the early growth of morphological awareness and its predictors. We followed 172 English-speaking Canadian children (82 girls, 90 boys, Mage = 75.56 months at the first assessment point) from Grade 1 to Grade 3 and assessed them on nonverbal IQ, phonological short-term memory, phonological awareness, letter knowledge, and vocabulary at the beginning of Grade 1 and on morphological awareness at the end of Grade 1, beginning and end of Grade 2, and beginning of Grade 3. Results of growth curve modeling showed different growth patterns for Word Analogy and Sentence Analogy. In addition, vocabulary and phonological awareness were associated with the initial status of morphological awareness, and phonological awareness and letter knowledge predicted the growth rate of morphological awareness. These findings suggest that code-related skills drive the development of morphological awareness during the early years of literacy instruction.
A characterisation of atomicity
Authors: TRINGALI SALVATORE 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn a 1968 issue of the Proceedings, P. M. Cohn famously claimed that a commutative domain is atomic if and only if it satisfies the ascending chain condition on principal ideals (ACCP). Some years later, a counterexample was however provided by A. Grams, who showed that every commutative domain with the ACCP is atomic, but not vice versa. This has led to the problem of finding a sensible (ideal-theoretic) characterisation of atomicity.The question (explicitly stated on p. 3 of A. Geroldinger and F. Halter–Koch’s 2006 monograph on factorisation) is still open. We settle it here by using the language of monoids and preorders.
The synergistic effect of genetic and environmental factors in the development of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in children and adolescents
Authors: Leffa Douglas Teixeira , Caye Arthur , Belangero Sintia I. , Gadelha Ary , Pan Pedro Mario , Salum Giovanni Abrahão , Rohde Luis Augusto 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGene-environment interactions (GxE) have been increasingly explored in psychiatry but with low replication rates. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a suitable candidate for studying GxE due to its high heritability and well-defined environmental risk factors. Here, we explored GxE using polygenic risk score (PRS) to represent the genetic liability to ADHD (ADHD-PRS) and environmental risk score (ERS) to represent the combined effects of environmental risk factors. We analyzed longitudinal data of 2,046 individuals (6-14 years of age at baseline and 14-23 at the last follow-up) from the Brazilian High-Risk Cohort Study for Psychiatric Disorders. Psychiatric evaluation included the Child Behavior Checklist and the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Statistical analyses were performed using mixed-effects models. We observed statistically significant interactions between ADHD-PRS and ERS, suggesting that environmental and genetic factors act synergistically in the development of ADHD symptoms. These effects were not present for depression or anxiety symptoms. No evidence of GxE correlation was detected. Mechanistically, our findings suggest that environmental stressors modulate the genetic risk for ADHD. Future studies should investigate whether the reduction of environmental risks can prevent the development of symptoms of ADHD, especially in children with a family history of the disorder.
Developmental antecedents of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in middle childhood: The role of father-child interactions and children’s emotional underregulation
Authors: Aquino Gabriela A. , Perry Nicole B. , Aviles Ashleigh I. , Hazen Nancy , Jacobvitz Deborah 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe present study examined the influence of fathers’ parenting quality during infancy on children’s emotion regulation during toddlerhood and, subsequently, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in middle childhood. Fathers and their 8-month-old infants (N = 124) were followed over time to obtain home observations of parenting quality at 8 and 24 months, laboratory observations of children’s emotion regulation at 24 months, and teacher reports of children’s ADHD symptoms at 7 years. A path analysis revealed that fathers’ emotional disengagement in infancy and minimizing responses to children’s distress in toddlerhood forecast children’s development of ADHD symptoms in middle childhood. Further, a significant indirect effect was found such that fathers’ parenting at 8 and 24 months predicted subsequent development of ADHD symptoms at age 7 through toddlers’ difficulty regulating emotion. Implications of this study for early intervention and directions for future research are discussed.
A rare coexistence: Hammock mitral valve and aortopulmonary window
Authors: Simsek Baran , Ozyuksel Arda , Saygi Murat 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCongenital mitral stenosis is a broad-spectrum pathology in which blood flow to the left ventricle is obstructed both functionally and anatomically. Hammock mitral valve, also known as anomalous mitral arcade, is a rare congenital anomaly particularly in infants and children. Hammock mitral valve may not be suitable for repair regarding the advanced dysplastic mitral valve structure. Aortopulmonary window is an unusual cardiac anomaly which is defined as a communication between the main pulmonary artery and the ascending aorta. As a result of the excessive left-to-right shunt, early intervention and surgical closure deemed mandatory to avoid development of severe pulmonary hypertension and its consequences. All patients with an aortopulmonary window necessitates prompt repair immediately. In this brief report, mitral valve replacement with a mechanical valve and repair of aortopulmonary window with a Dacron patch were performed simultaneously in a 5-month-old patient with a hammock mitral valve and accompanying aortopulmonary window.
A eunuch at the threshold: mediating access and intimacy in the Mughal world
Authors: Kalb Emma 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAcross the early modern Islamicate world, the phenomenon of eunuch slavery constitutes a significant aspect of courtly contexts and royal households. Although Mughal historiography has focused on the eunuch primarily in relation to the harem, this article analyses the function of such figures in regulating elite male space, in order to explore how these practices shaped both the representation of courtly life as well as the dynamics animating the Mughal court and the inner palace. As is shown in both textual and visual materials, enslaved, castrated men appear as figures both marking and mediating the perimeters of such spaces. In the process they played an important part in the spatial formation of access, intimacy, and hierarchical relations. However, their formative role in mediating elite social interactions at times entangled eunuchs in political conflict. The article concludes with an examination of a particularly dense archive of evidence from the reign of Aurangzeb dealing with royal princes. This material underlines the sometimes-precarious situation of eunuchs in moments of intrafamilial struggle, a fact which suggests the complicated reality of these kinds of intimate roles not only in Mughal princely households but wherever they took on such proximate positions.
Global Urban Land Expansion Tends To Be Slope Climbing: A Remotely Sensed Nighttime Light Approach
Authors: Shi Kaifang , Cui Yuanzheng , Liu Shirao , Wu Yizhen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe slope climbing of urban land expansion (SE) has become an increasingly prevalent phenomenon, and it has resulted in unique characteristics in terms of urban form, landscape, and governance with challenges for sustainable urban development worldwide. However, relatively little concern has been given to the SE with a long time series worldwide. On the basis of urban entities extracted from Suomi National Polar‐Orbiting Partnership Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite‐like (SNPP‐VIIRS‐like) data, we attempted to quantify and evaluate global SE with the help of slope spectrum analysis from different scales (e.g., global, continental, national, and city scales) during the period of 2000–2020. Our study proves that urban entities not only identify physical scopes but also reflect the intensity differences of socioeconomic development, which can provide an accurate approach to evaluate the SE. We found that global urban entities increased from 157,733 km2 in 2000 to 470,632 km2 in 2020, representing a 1.98‐fold increase. The global average slope of urban entities was on an upward trend, from 0.85° by 2000 to 0.96° by 2020, an increase of about 0.11°. Asia, Africa, and South America have experienced an evident SE process, while North America has exhibited a slow SE trend. A remarkable phenomenon has been found in China, where rapid SE has occurred due to the country's unprecedented urbanization process. The change value of the upper limit slope of urban land and the average slope climbing index of urban land have also experienced a volatile growth trend at global, continental, national, and city scales. Our study suggests that sustainable urban development should take the SE phenomenon into considerations, and that reasonable governance policies and strategies should be formulated to address its potential impacts.
Observed Relationships Between Tropical Cyclone Vortex Height, Intensity, and Intensification Rate
Authors: DesRosiers Alexander J. , Bell Michael M. , Klotzbach Philip J. , Fischer Michael S. , Reasor Paul D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAs a tropical cyclone (TC) intensifies, the tangential wind field expands vertically and increases in magnitude. Observations and modeling support vortex height as an important TC structural characteristic. The Tropical Cyclone Radar Archive of Doppler Analyses with Recentering data set provides kinematic analyses for calculation of the height of the vortex (HOV) in observed storms. Analyses are azimuthally‐averaged with tangential wind values taken along the radius of maximum winds. A threshold‐based technique is used to determine the HOV. A fixed threshold HOV strongly correlates with current intensity. A dynamic HOV metric quantifies vertical decay of tangential wind with reduced dependency on intensity. Statistically significant differences are present between dynamic HOV values in groups of steady‐state, intensifying, and rapidly‐intensifying cases categorized by subsequent changes in pressure. A tall vortex is always observed in cases meeting a pressure‐based rapid intensification definition. Taller vortices are also evident with slower intensification. Results suggest HOV may be a helpful predictor for TC intensification.
Changes in Tropical Cyclones Undergoing Extratropical Transition in a Warming Climate: Quasi‐Idealized Numerical Experiments of North Atlantic Landfalling Events
Authors: Jung Chunyong , Lackmann Gary M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe current study extends earlier work that demonstrated future extratropical transition (ET) events will feature greater intensity and heavier precipitation to specifically consider potential changes in the impacts of landfalling ET events in a warming climate. A quasi‐idealized modeling framework allows comparison of highly similar present‐day and future event simulations; the model initial conditions are based on observational composites, increasing representativeness of the results. The future composite ET event features substantially more impactful weather conditions in coastal areas, with heavier precipitation and greater storm intensity. Specifically, a Category 2 present‐day storm attained Category 4 Saffir‐Simpson intensity in the future simulation and maintained greater intensity throughout the entire life cycle, although the storm undergoes less reintensification during the post‐ET process, a result of reduced baroclinic conversion. These findings suggest increased potential for coastal hazards due to stronger tropical cyclone winds and heavier rainfall, leading to more severe coastal flooding and storm surge.
On the Lateral Entrainment Instability in the Inner Core Region of Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Zhu Ping , Zhang Jun A. , Marks Frank D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEntrainment of dry moat air with low equivalent potential temperature laterally into the eyewall and rainbands is a unique turbulent process in the inner‐core region of a tropical cyclone (TC). By analyzing in‐situ aircraft measurements collected by the reconnaissance flights that penetrated the eyewalls and rainbands of Hurricanes Rita (2005), Patricia (2015), Harvey (2017), and Michael (2018), as well as numerical simulations of Hurricanes Patricia (2015), and Michael (2018), we show that the moat air entrained into the eyewall and rainbands meets the instability criterion, and therefore, sinks unstably as a convective downdraft. The resultant positive buoyancy fluxes are an important source for the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) in the eyewall and rainband clouds. This mechanism of TKE generation via lateral entrainment instability should be included in the TKE‐type turbulent mixing schemes for a better representation of turbulent transport processes in numerical forecasts of TCs.
A Numerical Model Approach Toward a Settling Process and Feedback Loop of Ocean Microplastics Absorbed Into Phytoplankton Aggregates
Authors: Yoshitake M. , Isobe A. , Song Y. K. , Shim W. J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo quantify the settling velocity of buoyant oceanic microplastics absorbed into phytoplankton (algae) aggregates heavier than seawater, a vertical two‐dimensional numerical particle tracking model (PTM) representing the motion of both particles and their interaction in oceanic turbulence was developed. The model incorporated “in silico phytoplankton,” and could generate an aggregate particle with phytoplankton and microplastic particles positioned close to the “aggregation radius.” The model included the dense phytoplankton concentrations typically observed in the spring/autumn boom or red tides, and reproduced sinking microplastics with settling velocities of Ο (10−5–10−4) m/s, which were comparable to the vertical velocities ubiquitously observed in oceans, by the absorption into phytoplankton aggregates. The model reproduced the observed vertical distribution of microplastic abundance, showing subsurface maxima and a rapid decrease in particles smaller than 1 mm in the water column, while only an equilibrium between rise velocity of buoyant microplastic particles and vertical diffusion by oceanic turbulence could not reproduce the observed abundance. Buoyant microplastics, therefore, are likely to settle to the deep layer by the absorption into phytoplankton aggregates in the actual oceans. A feedback loop was suggested in which the settling velocities of aggregates were also dependent on the abundance of microplastics in the ambient water. However, a further in‐depth examination is required to confirm the feedback by including ambient ocean circulations as well as oceanic turbulence, and by replacing the settling velocity with an alternative formula appropriate for aggregates absorbing lightweight microplastics, which might decrease the velocity more rapidly than expected.
Sensitivity of Model Estimates of CME Propagation and Arrival Time to Inner Boundary Conditions
Authors: James Lauren A. , Scott Christopher J. , Barnard Luke A. , Owens Mathew J. , Lang Matthew S. , Jones Shannon R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAccurately forecasting the arrival of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) at Earth is important to enabling mitigation of the associated space weather risks to society. This is only possible with accurate modeling of the event. To do so, we must understand the propagation of a CME through the heliosphere and quantify the performance of models through comparison with spacecraft observations. For the 12 December 2008 Earth‐directed CME event, we compute ensembles using the HUXt solar wind model to analyze CME distortion with a structured solar wind and explore hindcast arrival time error (ATE). By highlighting the impact CME shape has on Root‐Mean‐Square‐Error (RMSE) values, we show that time‐elongation profiles of fronts captured by the Heliospheric Imager (HI) instruments onboard NASA's STEREO mission match those of the modeled CME nose and flank and can therefore be used to infer details of the longitudinal extent of the CME. We then show that accounting for CME distortion is important to enable accurate estimates of the CME arrival at Earth. This can be achieved by either using observations of multiple features in HI data to infer CME evolution or mapping the solar wind back to a lower inner boundary to allow CMEs to be distorted close to the Sun. For the event studied we show that these approaches resulted in reduced RMSEs of 0.73° and 0.64° with an ATE of 1 hour and 3 hours respectively.
Preventive and therapeutic benefits of nelfinavir in rhesus macaques and human beings infected with SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Xu Zhijian , Shi Danrong , Han Jian-Bao , Ling Yun , Jiang Xiangrui , Lu Xiangyun , Li Chuan , Gong Likun , Ge Guangbo , Zhang Yani , Zang Yi , Song Tian-Zhang , Feng Xiao-Li , Tian Ren-Rong , Ji Jia , Zhu Miaojin , Wu Nanping , Wu Chunhui , Wang Zhen , Xu Yechun , Peng Cheng , Zheng Min , Yang Junling , Du Feifei , Wu Junliang , Wang Peipei , Shen Jingshan , Zhang Jianliang , Zheng Yong-Tang , Yao Hangping , Zhu Weiliang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEffective drugs with broad spectrum safety profile to all people are highly expected to combat COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2. Here we report that nelfinavir, an FDA approved drug for the treatment of HIV infection, is effective against SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Preincubation of nelfinavir could inhibit the activity of the main protease of the SARS-CoV-2 (IC50 = 8.26 μM), while its antiviral activity in Vero E6 cells against a clinical isolate of SARS-CoV-2 was determined to be 2.93 μM (EC50). In comparison with vehicle-treated animals, rhesus macaque prophylactically treated with nelfinavir had significantly lower temperature and significantly reduced virus loads in the nasal and anal swabs of the animals. At necropsy, nelfinavir-treated animals had a significant reduction of the viral replication in the lungs by nearly three orders of magnitude. A prospective clinic study with 37 enrolled treatment-naive patients at Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, which were randomized (1:1) to nelfinavir and control groups, showed that the nelfinavir treatment could shorten the duration of viral shedding by 5.5 days (9.0 vs. 14.5 days, P = 0.055) and the duration of fever time by 3.8 days (2.8 vs. 6.6 days, P = 0.014) in mild/moderate COVID-19 patients. The antiviral efficiency and clinical benefits in rhesus macaque model and in COVID-19 patients, together with its well-established good safety profile in almost all ages and during pregnancy, indicated that nelfinavir is a highly promising medication with the potential of preventative effect for the treatment of COVID-19.