bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in State-Level Mammography Use, 2012 and 2020
Authors: Howard David H. , Tangka Florence K.L. , Miller Jacqueline , Sabatino Susan A. 
Published: March 2023

Objectives: Mammography is a screening tool for early detection of breast cancer. Uptake in screening use in states can be influenced by Medicaid coverage and eligibility policies, public health outreach efforts, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention–funded National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program. We described state-specific mammography use in 2020 and changes as compared with 2012. Methods: We estimated the proportion of women aged ≥40 years who reported receiving a mammogram in the past 2 years, by age group, state, and demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, using 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data. We also compared 2020 state estimates with 2012 estimates. Results: The proportion of women aged 50-74 years who received a mammogram in the past 2 years was 78.1% (95% CI, 77.4%-78.8%) in 2020. Across measures of socioeconomic status, mammography use was generally lower among women who did not have health insurance (52.0%; 95% CI, 48.3%-55.6%) than among those who did (79.9%; 95% CI, 79.3%-80.6%) and among those who had a usual source of care (49.4%; 95% CI, 46.1%-52.7%) than among those who did not (81.0%; 95% CI, 80.4%-81.7%). Among women aged 50-74 years, mammography use varied across states, from a low of 65.2% (95% CI, 61.4%-69.0%) in Wyoming to a high of 86.1% (95% CI, 83.8%-88.3%) in Massachusetts. Four states had significant increases in mammography use from 2012 to 2020, and 8 states had significant declines. Conclusion: Mammography use varied widely among states. Use of evidence-based interventions tailored to the needs of local populations and communities may help close gaps in the use of mammography.
An α7 nAChR approach for the baseline-dependent modulation of deviance detection in schizophrenia: A pilot study assessing the combined effect of CDP-choline and galantamine
Authors: Choueiry Joëlle , Blais Crystal M. , Shah Dhrasti , Smith Dylan , Fisher Derek , Labelle Alain , Knott Verner 
Published: March 2023

Background: Cognitive operations including pre-attentive sensory processing are markedly impaired in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) but evidence significant interindividual heterogeneity, which moderates treatment response with nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists. Previous studies in healthy volunteers have shown baseline-dependency effects of the α7 nAChR agonist cytidine 5′-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline) administered alone and in combination with a nicotinic allosteric modulator (galantamine) on auditory deviance detection measured with the mismatch negativity (MMN) event-related potential (ERP). Aim: The objective of this pilot study was to assess the acute effect of this combined α7 nAChR-targeted treatment (CDP-choline/galantamine) on speech MMN in patients with SCZ ( N = 24) stratified by baseline MMN responses into low, medium, and high baseline auditory deviance detection subgroups. Methods: Patients with a stable diagnosis of SCZ attended two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled and counter-balanced testing sessions where they received a placebo or a CDP-choline (500 mg) and galantamine (16 mg) treatment. MMN ERPs were recorded during the presentation of a fast multi-feature speech MMN paradigm including five speech deviants. Clinical measures were acquired before and after treatment administration. Results: While no main treatment effect was observed, CDP-choline/galantamine significantly increased MMN amplitudes to frequency, duration, and vowel speech deviants in low group individuals. Individuals with higher positive and negative symptom scale negative, general, and total scores expressed the greatest MMN amplitude improvement following CDP-choline/galantamine. Conclusions: These baseline-dependent nicotinic effects on early auditory information processing warrant different dosage and repeated administration assessments in patients with low baseline deviance detection levels.
Patterns of cytokine and chemokine expression in peripheral blood of patients with COVID-19 associated with disease severity
Authors: Trifonova Iva , Ngoc Kim , Nikolova Maria , Emilova Radoslava , Todorova Yana , Gladnishka Teodora , Christova Iva 
Published: March 2023

Objectives Cytokine dysregulation has been proposed as one of the main culprits for severe COVID-19 and poor prognosis. We examined the parallel presence of lymphopoietic, proinflammatory, Th1, Th2, regulatory cytokines, and chemokines in the serum of 47 patients with mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19 and evaluated the association between cytokine concentrations and disease severity. Methods A multiplex quantitative cytokine analysis ProcartaPlex™ immunoassay was applied, using the LuminexTM 200X detection system (Invitrogen). Results The concentrations of twelve cytokines: IL-18, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha; IL-21; IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-22; IL-10, IL-1RA; IL-7 and IFN-alpha were consistently elevated in the studied serum samples. All examined chemokines—Eotaxin, GRO-alpha, IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, SDF-1alpha, and RANTES, were detectable in all studied groups, confirming their importance in mediating the adaptive immune response regardless of disease severity. The serum concentrations of six mediators: IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-18, IL-10, IL-8, and IP-10, showed statistically significant differences among the groups with different disease severity. IL-6, IL-1beta, and IL-10 were more significantly elevated in severe cases while milder symptoms were associated with lower levels of IL-8 and IP-10. Conclusion Overall, the studied chemokines demonstrated an associated production in acute COVID-19 infection. A strong correlation was observed between the Th1 mediators IL-18 and IL-10 and the proinflammatory IL-6 in the severe COVID-19 group. Our results indicated that severe COVID-19 was characterized by a dysregulated cytokine pattern whereby the Th1 immune response is outweighed by the immunoregulatory response, while inhibitory signals cannot balance the hyperinflammatory response.
Adherence to Hepatitis C Treatment Among Underserved Patients With Substance Use Disorder in a Pharmacist-led Treatment Model
Authors: McKenzie Anthony J. , Noble Brie N. , Herink Megan C. , Viehmann Megan M. , Furuno Jon P. 
Published: March 2023

Background Treatment with medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) may improve hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment outcomes by providing additional contact with health care professionals to support patient engagement. Objective: We describe a pharmacist-led HCV treatment model and assessed the effect of MOUD on adherence to direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) in an underserved patient population. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of adults (age≥18 years) treated for HCV infection with DAAs at a Federally Qualified Health Center in Portland, Oregon, between March 1, 2019, and March 16, 2020. Patients were followed to 12 weeks to assess adherence to DAAs by MOUD status. Results: Among 59 eligible patients, 16 (27%) were prescribed MOUD. Baseline characteristics were similar between patients who did and did not receive MOUD. Adherence to DAAs was overall high and not significantly different between the groups (median: 98.5% vs median: 100%; P = .06). Five patients missed at least one dose due to an adverse drug effect and two of these patients discontinued HCV therapy due to these effects. Conclusion: Adherence to HCV therapy was nearly 100% among underserved patients in a pharmacist-led HCV treatment model and did not differ by MOUD engagement.
Enterobacter cloacae Infection After Surgical Treatment of Ankle Fractures, a Multicenter Observational Study
Authors: García Cardona Carlos , Bernaus Johnson Martí Carles , Martínez Ros Javier , Hernández-Gonzalez Nerea , Auñon Rubio Álvaro , Anglès Crespo Francesc , Arteagoitia-Colino Iraia , Coifman-Lucena Ismael , Esteban-Moreno Jaime , Moral Escudero Encarnación , Gómez García Lucía , Nóvoa Martínez Ricardo , Ortega Columbrans Ana , Veloso Duran Margarita , Font-Vizcarra Lluís 
Published: March 2023

Background: Infection is one of the challenging complications after open reduction and internal fixation for ankle fractures. Previously published case series conclude that Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequent causative microorganism. An unexpected increase in Enterobacter cloacae infections after this surgery was observed in a preliminary analysis of data at the promoting center of the study. In traumatology, its incidence has been reported in chronic osteomyelitis, prosthetic infections, septic osteoarthritis, open fractures in children and adults, and fractures other than the ankle. Because of this unexpected finding, we decided to perform this study to analyze the demographic and microbiological variables of acute osteosynthesis infection after ankle fracture and determine the distinctive features of the patients with E cloacae infection. Methods: We performed a retrospective multicenter study including 4 university hospitals. All patients diagnosed with acute osteosynthesis infection after ankle fracture fixation between January 2015 and December 2018 were included. We analyzed demographic data, type of fracture, surgical technique, and microorganisms responsible for the infection. We performed a descriptive statistical analysis of the variables. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis were performed to compare patients with E cloacae infection to patients with infection caused by other microorganisms. Results: A total of 65 patients were included. A predominance of polymicrobial infections (24.62%), followed by infections caused by S aureus (23.07%) and E cloacae (23.07%) was observed. When E cloacae isolated in polymicrobial infections were added, the incidence of E cloacae as a causative microorganism increased to 32.3%. Patients with E cloacae infection were older (64/53, P = .008) and had a higher requirement of negative-pressure therapy after surgical debridement (71%/40%, P = .017). Conclusion: A high incidence of E cloacae infections was observed. Patients with E cloacae infection were generally older and required a higher use of negative-pressure therapy after debridement. Level of Evidence: Level V, mechanism-based reasoning.
Radiation therapy for pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation: A case series and literature review
Authors: Liu Cassie , Carmicheal Joseph , Baine Michael J. , Zhang Chi 
Published: March 2023

Pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation (PPTID) is a rare, primary tumor of the pineal gland. Due to its rarity, there is no consensus on optimal therapeutic strategies or standard characterization of the tumor’s behavior. Here, we report 2 new cases of PPTID and an extensive review of the literature involving the use and extent of radiation therapy. Patient 1 is a 54-year-old male who presented with PPTID and drop metastases in the spinal cord, received cranial spinal irradiation (CSI), and experienced recurrence 3.5 years after treatment. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) helped the patient into remission for 9 months. Patient 2 is a 32-year-old male with a local PPTID at presentation who went on to receive surgical resection followed by focused adjuvant radiation therapy to the pineal tumor bed. He then presented 6 years after treatment with extensive disseminated recurrence and died due to leptomeningeal disease (LMD) about 4 years after recurrence. The available literature on PPTID is limited and reported cases of LMD with ongoing follow-up in PPTID are scarce. Our report adds to the current known PPTID cases, contributing to the information available regarding prognosis and treatment response. Although an optimal therapeutic strategy for PPTID still cannot be determined, data from the literature suggest that utilizing radiation therapy in patients with low-risk disease and gross total resections as well as the use of upfront CSI have the potential to improve patient progression and survival outcomes.
English as a heritage language: The effects of input patterns and contact with Hebrew
Authors: Gordon Sidney , Meir Natalia 
Published: March 2023

Purpose: This study examines the extent to which language skills of adult speakers of heritage language (HL) English in a Hebrew-speaking society are affected by individual HL input patterns and cross-linguistic influence. Methodology: Adult HL-English speakers who grew up in families with one ( N = 22) or two ( N = 25) English-speaking parents were compared to a baseline group of native English speakers who emigrated to Israel as adults ( N = 20). Data: Proficiencies in morphosyntactic and lexical domains were measured based on formal test performance and error types and frequencies in narratives. Detailed histories of speakers’ linguistic input were documented. Findings: Results showed near-ceiling performance across the three groups in the morphosyntactic domain, while significant differences were observed between the baseline and HL groups in the lexical domain. No differences were found between HL-English speakers who grew up in families with one or two English-speaking parents. Individual HL input patterns explained a larger proportion of the variance in the lexical abilities, compared to morphosyntactic ones. Evidence of cross-linguistic influence from Hebrew was not detected in the morphosyntactic domain, but only in the lexicon, in the form of minor lexical production errors and calques. Originality: The HL examined here was English which, unlike other HLs, is heard and used in a variety of contexts outside the home. In most previous studies on HLs, English was the dominant societal language. Implications: The results suggest that morphosyntactic divergences, unlike lexical divergences, are not necessarily found in all HLs—morphosyntactic structures acquired in childhood, reinforced periodically in the societal environment, may be well-maintained because of the language’s ubiquity and relatively sparse morphology.
Does L2 influence on use of L1 animacy constraints depend on alignment of syntactic and semantic features?: Evidence from Japanese–English bilinguals
Authors: Lebkuecher Amy , Malt Barbara C. 
Published: March 2023

Aims and Objectives: English allows inanimate objects to be sentence subjects (e.g., “The knife cut the bread”) but Korean and Japanese restrict subjects of causal sentences on the basis of animacy. In previous work, we found that Korean speakers relaxed their native grammatical animacy constraint when immersed in English (e.g., found knives to be acceptable sentence subjects in Korean). We suggested this L2 influence occurred because the Korean animacy constraint does not map cleanly onto the semantic representation of animacy—some inanimate objects (e.g., “fire”) can be subjects of causal sentences. In the current study, we further test this idea by examining the case of Japanese–English bilinguals. We predict that because the Japanese animacy constraint aligns well with the semantic representation of animacy, it will be less susceptible to L2 influence. Methodology: We first independently assessed the semantic representation of animacy by comparing animacy ratings from native speakers of Korean, Japanese, and English for 60 objects. We then asked Japanese–English bilinguals and Japanese monolinguals to provide grammaticality judgments for sentences that varied in subject animacy. Data and Analysis: We analyzed participants’ animacy ratings and grammaticality judgments using mixed-effects models. Findings: Animacy ratings supported a closer correspondence between semantic representation of animacy and the grammatical animacy constraint for Japanese grammar than for Korean grammar. In contrast to previous results for Korean speakers, Japanese–English bilinguals’ grammaticality judgments did not significantly differ from those of Japanese monolinguals. Originality: The current study is unique in that it suggests the vulnerability of structures at the syntax–semantics interface to L2 influence varies across different language groups based on the alignment between syntactic and semantic features. Implications: The current findings support the possibility that representations at the syntax–semantics interface may only be vulnerable to influence when syntax is incongruent with semantic features.
Language-dependent emotions in heritage and second language bilinguals: When physiological reactions deviate from feelings
Authors: Thoma Dieter 
Published: March 2023

Aims and objectives: Whether bilinguals show language-dependent emotions often depends on the emotion measure used. Here, we examine if differences between automatic pupil reactions and self-reported feelings in response to an emotional narrative presented in a first, second, or heritage language (HL) indicate different stages of emotion processing. Methodology: German HL speakers of Russian and Turkish ( n = 72) and German second language (L2) speakers of English and French ( n = 89) listened to a video-based emotional narrative in German or their other language and rated how they felt about it (arousal and valence). We contrasted pupil diameter during the video with a language-specific baseline. Age of acquisition, language use frequency in emotional contexts, and language proficiency were used to verify that HL speakers were balanced simultaneous and L2 speakers unbalanced sequential bilinguals. Data and analysis: Linear mixed-effects models were fitted to the pupillometry data and ordinal logistic models to the self-report data. Findings and conclusions: HL speakers showed similar automatic reactions in both languages but rated the German narrative less emotional. L2 speakers showed weaker automatic reactions in L2 yet rated the narrative similar in both languages. This reversed pattern confirmed that automatic and conscious emotion measures tap into different stages of bilingual emotion processing. Furthermore, language-dependent emotions in self-reports seem to be linked to sociocultural frames that go beyond the scope of context and processing-based explanations. Originality: The study is among the first to systematically examine discrepancies between automatic and conscious measures of bilingual language-dependent emotions with different types of bilinguals and within one experimental paradigm. Significance: The findings imply that theories of bilingual emotions need further development to explain consistently and explicitly why language-dependent emotional reactions vary with bilingualism and emotion measures. Methodologically, the findings advocate for multi-measure approaches to enhance the validity of future research.
The Effects of Light Therapy on Sleep, Agitation and Depression in People With Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Fong Kenneth NK , Ge Xiangyang , Ting KH , Wei Minchen , Cheung Hilda 
Published: March 2023

Objective To evaluate the effects of light therapy on the alleviation of sleep disturbances, agitation and depression in people with dementia. Methods A search was performed in PubMed, Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, for studies published between 2000 and 2021. Results A total of 4315 articles were screened. Sixteen articles were eligible for this review and 11 randomized controlled studies were included in the meta-analysis. Light therapy had a significant effect on reducing the number of awakenings in sleep ( n = 4; 95% CI = −.56, −.05; I2 = 0%; SMD = −.31) but was not significant in reducing the wake after sleep onset ( n = 3; 95% CI = −.14, .59; I2 = 0%; SMD = .23), agitation ( n = 4; 95% CI = −1.02, .45; I2 = 87%; SMD = −.28) and depression ( n = 6; 95% CI = −.80, .40, I2 = 85%; SMD = −.20). Conclusion Light therapy appeared to be more effective in terms of alleviating sleep disturbances, rather than reducing agitation and depression, but its long-term effects remain unclear.
Evaluating Statin Knowledge-Perceptions and Receptivity Following a Comprehensive Lifestyle Modification Program
Authors: Pupulin Alaina , Ball Jillian , Bajaj Ravi , Alter David A. 
Published: March 2023

Background Though clinical guidelines for cholesterol-lowering therapies advocate for both a trial of lifestyle modification and the initiation of statin medication when appropriate, the extent to which lifestyle modification may alter a patient’s knowledge-perceptions and receptivity towards statins remains unclear. Methods Following completion of a 6-month comprehensive lifestyle modification program, perceived changes in knowledge and receptivity towards statins were examined across prespecified subgroups of age, sex, and statin eligibility using a mixed-methods questionnaire. Quantitative and qualitative analyses incorporated binomial tests, McNemar’s test, and thematic analyses. Results Among 192 patients who completed the program and exit questionnaire between December 15, 2020 and July 2, 2021, 88.4% of patients indicated a perceived improvement in cholesterol and/or statin knowledge (P < . 0001). 48.2% of patients acknowledged that their receptivity towards taking statins increased (P = . 61). Changes in receptivity were attributed to several identified program themes including improvements in health knowledge and awareness, motivation and empowerment. Patients who noted improvements in their mental health also reported significantly increased receptivity towards statins (P < . 001). Conclusions Patients’ perceived knowledge and receptivity towards statins may improve following participation in a comprehensive therapeutic lifestyle modification program. Future research must evaluate the impact of these programs on statin uptake, compliance and outcomes.