bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristic time scales of evaporation from a subarctic reservoir
Authors: Pierre Adrien , Nadeau Daniel F. , Thiboult Antoine , Rousseau Alain N. , Tremblay Alain , Isabelle Pierre‐Erik , Anctil François 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWater bodies such as lakes and reservoirs affect the regional climate by acting as heat sinks and sources through the evaporation of substantial quantities of water over several months of the year. Unfortunately, energy exchange observations between deep reservoirs and the atmosphere remain rare in northeastern North America, which has one of the highest densities of water bodies in the world. This study characterizes the dynamics of turbulent heat fluxes by analysing in‐situ observations of a compact and dimictic reservoir (50.69° N, 63.24° W) located in a subarctic environment. The reservoir is characterized by a mean depth of 44 m and a surface area of 85 km2. Two eddy covariance (EC) systems, one on a raft and one onshore, were deployed from 27 June 2018 to 12 June 2022. The thermal regime of the reservoir was monitored using two vertical chains of thermistors. Results indicate a mean annual evaporation rate of 590 ± 66 mm, which is equivalent to ≈51% of the annual precipitation, with 84% of the evaporation occurring at a high rate from August to freeze‐up in late December through episodic pulses. It was difficult to close the energy balance because of the magnitude and the large time lag of the heat storage term. To circumvent this problem, we opted to perform calculations for a year that started from the first of March, as the heat storage in the water column was at its lowest at that point and could thus be ignored. From June to December, monthly Bowen ratios increased from near‐zero negative values to about 1.5. After September, due to smaller vapour pressure deficits, latent heat fluxes steadily decreased until the reservoir had a complete ice cover. Opposite diurnal cycles of sensible and latent heat fluxes were revealed during the open water period, with sensible heat fluxes peaking at night and latent heat fluxes peaking in the afternoon.
Stereo Jones Matrix Holography with Longitudinal Polarization Transformation
Authors: Zhao Ruizhe , Wei Qunshuo , Li Yuzhao , Li Xin , Geng Guangzhou , Li Xiaowei , Li Junjie , Wang Yongtian , Huang Lingling 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMetasurfaces have exhibited powerful abilities for manipulating multiple fundamental properties of light including amplitude, phase, polarization, and so on. However, these strategies are commonly concentrated on the modulations at a single transverse plane of output light. The spatial evolutions of these properties, especially the polarizations along longitudinal direction, are rarely investigated. Here, a stereo Jones matrix holography method is presented for understanding the spatial evolution including polarization, amplitude, and phase variations along the longitudinal direction. Stereo holographic algorithms in matrix framework are developed to generate multiplane and even continuously varied vectorial holographic images that exhibit distinct polarization states at each transverse plane. This method provides a benchmark of longitudinal polarization transformations as well as beam modulations by simply using a single planar metasurface without extra burdens on optical path. In addition, the obtained propagation‐dependent features can favor the realizing of on‐demand transverse and longitudinal spatial evolution from the perspective of the holographic method. Furthermore, it may also promote the development of related areas including polarization‐switchable devices, optical trapping, microscopy, laser processing, etc.
Preparation and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) by Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid
Authors: Abdulraheem Israa M. , Khodair Ziad T. , Habeeb Ammar A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this study, the technique of pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) is used to prepare colloidal silver (Ag) nanoparticles in distilled water (D.W.). The optical properties and the synthesis of the nanoparticles are characterized by UV‐visible spectrophotometer, photoluminescence (PL), infrared Fourier transforms (FT‐IR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurement. The optical characteristics of (Ag) nanoparticles are investigated using (UV–vis) analysis on all colloidal samples, which reveal a large peak at wavelengths of (405–410 nm) for silver nanoparticles created using PLAL technology. The infrared Fourier transforms (FT‐IR) study determines the functional groups of silver nanoparticles in D.W. The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have a spherical form, and their diameters range from 12 to 20 nm, according to the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements. The photoluminescence (PL) data reveal two peaks, one in the visible region, which is responsible for the production of silver nanoparticles, and the other in the UV region, where the size of the nanoparticles grows as the number of laser pulses increases.
A comparative Assessment of Aspergillus niger and Fusarium pallidoroseum for Synthesizing Metal‐Nanoparticles of Zinc and Silver
Authors: Shukla Gyanika , Singh Amardeep , Gaurav Shailendra Singh , Rani Poonam 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe present study is carried to establish and compare the mycogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) synthesizing ability of two fungi, Aspergillus niger and Fusarium pallidoroseum. A 2 mM solution of silver nitrate and zinc nitrate hexahydrate is used as the precursor solution for the synthesis of silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles respectively using 1 g and 100 mg fungal biomass per 100 mL of the precursor solution. The synthesis of nanoparticles is preliminarily confirmed by UV–Vis Spectroscopy and further characterization is done through the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X‐Ray (EDX), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Fourier Transform Infra‐Red (FTIR), and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS) to characterize the nanoparticles in terms of shape, size, and concentration. The particles synthesized by using 100 mg fungal biomass are much agglomerated and bulky in size. The study concludes that 1 g F. pallidoroseum biomass showed much efficacy toward synthesizing fine‐sized ZnONPs as compared to A. niger, whereas, although the AgNPs synthesized by A. niger are more monodispersed with least agglomeration, the efficacy of A. niger and F. pallidoroseum is found to be mostly comparable in synthesizing AgNPs.
Role of Surfactants Against Covid‐19: A Scientific Approach
Authors: Tripathy Divya Bajpai , Bhati Kajol , Gupta Anjali 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPandemic emerged due to the spread of SARS‐COV‐2 has become a most serious problem faced by today's world. Even after about 8 months, neither there is any decrease in its magnitude or in the spread. In some countries, it has reached the peak of its horrors, while some countries are still forced to guess only what will be the peak maxima of number of Covid‐19 patients. People are compelled to maintain social distancing, cleanliness, and high level of hygiene. Right from the beginning of this epidemic, it has been concluded that washing hands every hour with soap (surfactants) can help people to protect themselves from this disease. Surfactants can play a major role in stopping the spread of this epidemic? In this review article, the role of surfactants to stop the spread of Covid‐19 has been discussed. In addition, some of the other prospects of surfactants in Covid‐19 such as a drug delivery of pulmonary drugs have also been explained.
Fabrication of Graphene Oxide Reinforced Bio‐Nanocomposite Films with Antibacterial Potential
Authors: Das Mamata , Panda Rupayana , Ray Lipsa , Sethy Chinmayee , Kundu Chanakya Nath , Tripathy Jasaswini 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe antimicrobial properties of graphene oxide (GO) have triggered a strong interest in the development of GO‐based antimicrobial polymer nanocomposites. GO incorporated polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) blend‐based polymer nanocomposites are developed for antibacterial applications. The successful synthesis of GO is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy while the fabrication of CMC/PVP blend and CMC/PVP/GO is confirmed through FT‐IR spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The morphological characteristics of polymer nanocomposites are studied using scanning electron microscopy. The films are also characterized using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) which reveals the successful inclusion of the GO sheets in the polymeric matrix. The antibacterial efficacy of polymeric nanocomposite is tested against Gram –ve bacterial strain (Escherichia coli The CMC/PVP/GO nanocomposites exhibited inhibition of bacterial cell growth.
An Ultrasonic Study to Explore Interactions between Fertilizer and Aqueous Saline Salt Solutions
Authors: Mishra Paritosh L. , Lad Ajay B. , Manik Urvashi P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe acoustic (obtained thorough ultrasonic [NDT] characterization), thermodynamic, and volumetric parameters help to forecast and understand the behavior of intermolecular interactions, strength, or weakness as well as the ilk of the liquid mixture. In this paper, an attempt is carried out to understand the structural or molecular alterations of fertilizer in saline soil salts which results from several solute–solvent, solvent–solvent, and ion–solvent interactions present in the systems to find a way to control the problem of salinity of the soil. Because of the above facts, the ultrasonic velocity (U) and density (ρ) measurements studies on fertilizer name as ammonium sulfate having the number of concentrations varying from 0.02 to 0.2 mol kg−1 in water also in 0.5 mol kg−1 aqueous soil salt solution at different temperatures. The various acoustical, thermo‐dynamical, and volumetric parameters that can be calculated are adiabatic compressibility (β), acoustic impedance (Z), intermolecular free length (Lf), specific heat ratio (γ), non‐linear parameter (B/A), isothermal compressibility (kT), Pseudo‐Grüneisen parameter (Γ), and internal pressure (πi). Hence, the present study exposes the structural sense of the experimental liquid mixture and results have been described in the light of intermolecular interaction existing in between the fertilizer–water–saline salt solutions.
A Review Study on the Performance of Flexible Pavements
Authors: Jain Rohit , Pandey Satya Prakash , Saxena Anil Kumar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPavements are significant resources of expressway infrastructure. The nation has seen colossal expansion in the vehicle population and expanded hub stacking design during the last decade, leaving its street network overemphasized and prompting untimely disappointment. The kind of weakening present in the asphalt ought to be considered for deciding if it has a useful or underlying inadequacy, so that suitable overlay type and configuration can be created. The structural properties of asphalt are redirection and it is completed by Benkelman Beam & deflectometer test. The evaluation of street conditions is needed to distinguish the explanations behind disintegration before any restoration work is completed. The fundamental boundaries including in the appraisal of street conditions are avoidance and unpleasantness estimation which decided utilizing different test, for example, FWD, Benkelman shaft test, profilometer, and slide obstruction test. This appraisal additionally helps in focusing on the upkeep works as indicated by the necessity. A few procedures are utilized to evaluate the road conditions and contrast and standard standards. In this concentrate on a stretch of road is break down for similar where techniques utilized are visual strategy, Benkelman beam test and slide opposition test. The structural and useful assessment are dissected and created by different specialists. The paper presents an itemized audit of different asphalt exhibitions on primary and utilitarian assessment of adaptable asphalt to inspect the job of components identified with asphalt materials, surface deflection, ecological conditions, sort of traffic and volume of traffic, and to distinguish the constraints and holes in the current information on such examinations.
Synthesis and Characterization of Sol–Gel Screen Printed Zn:CdO (ZCO) Film for Optoelectronic Technologies
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Kumari Renu , Sharma Dhirendra Kumar , Shukla Sweta , Agrwal Akansha , Sachan V. K. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn present report on Zn doped (5%) CdO thick film is synthesized on to the glass substrate (pre‐cleaned) via sol–gel screen printing process. The synthesized sintered Zn:CdO film are then characterized via XRD, SEM, EDX, UV–vis spectroscopy, PL spectroscopy, and dark conductivity measurement examinations. The XRD examination of sintered film informs the polycrystalline nature and authenticates that Zn:CdO film holds the cubic crystalline structure. SEM examination dispenses the information on morphology of Zn:CdO film. The EDX examination supports the existence of Cd, O, and Zn in the sintered film. The UV–vis spectroscopy via reflectance mode substantiates the direct transition of band gap with a value of 2.60 eV. PL spectra of the sintered film manifest a strong near band edge emission located around 500 nm. The Arrhenius plot (log σDC vs 1000/T) attests the semiconducting nature for the sintered film.
Air Pollution Impact on Human Health and its Management: A Review
Authors: Khonyongwa Oliver , Kumar Suman , Kumar Naresh , Jha Ajay Kumar , Jain Manish Kumar , Pandey Shri Prakash 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAir contamination is one of the ecological concerns of developing countries including India, where most people are experiencing poor air quality. Most of the metropolis cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Chennai of India are being suffered from the tremendously high concentration of air contaminants. Acquaintance to air impairment is a principal aspect for both long‐ and short‐term effects on human health and is also a major environmental degradation factor. Its origin is causing health‐related problems. The national and state governments have recognized the various adverse effect of air pollution. So, it is important to address this problem among the various individuals. Moreover, continued efforts, likely the implementation of various standards, highlight the requirement to raise public consciousness about the worth of the air they inhale. A shift to non‐conventional sources of energy is a part of the plan to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. Different ministries and department should draw a long‐term integrated and comprehensive plan to address air pollution problem and ensure that citizens breathe clean air.
Utilization of Information and Communication Technology Based Resources and Services in Knowledge Resources Centers: An Analytical Study
Authors: Shrivastava Satish Kumar , Alam Rahat , Pandey Shri Prakash , Babel Praveen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe study is examined that the present scenario of Information Communication Technology in the Engineering College Libraries of Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh. Recent technological developments have aided in the creation of a digital learning environment through the usage of libraries. Various ICT‐based enabling technologies that can be used to store and disseminate information The specialized function of ICT in Academic Libraries and Information Centres has become an absolute requirement. The research is carried out using a questionnaire survey of librarians and users restricted to engineering college libraries with ICT‐based resources and services.
Synchronized Control Strategy of UPQC to Mitigate the Sag and Swell of Voltage
Authors: Bhardwaj Prashant , Verma Anuj , Jaiswal Shiva Puajn , Lata Suman 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper demonstrates efficacy of the control strategy of Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) for improvement of three‐phase power quality. UPQC contains a couple of active power filters (APF), one is connected in series and another is shunt. Series APF belongs to the Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS), it is a promising device for the improvement of transmission efficiency. The Voltage Source Converter (VCS) acts as the brain of series APF while the shunt APF is another part of the UPQC. This series‐connected component injects the compensating voltages that are generated by voltage source inverter (VSI). The entire system of UPQC (series and shunt APF) deals with the voltage dip and voltage swell on the consumer end of the network. Among the major advantages of the system is that this conditioner can captivate or insert true power. It can inject the voltage from 0° to 360° as per the phase angle requirement of the base voltage. It is the major reason why it can work in three different modes. This series APF acts as an active power deliverer for sag condition in the aspect of voltage. The Matlab/Simulink software is used to investigate the analysis and results.
Improvement of Nodularity Value of Graphite in Ductile Iron and Its Effect on Mechanical Properties
Authors: Singh Sudesh , Yadav Susheel , Kumar Amitesh 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDuctile iron is becoming popular in many industrial applications due to its comparatively high strength and a considerable amount of ductility, which is because of the presence of spheroidal graphite in the microstructure. An effort has been made to improve the nodularity value of graphite in ductile iron by varying the fineness of inoculant, that is, ferro‐silicon (Fe‐Si) and section thickness of the casting. Further, the effects on mechanical properties are also studied. The spheroidal graphite iron specimens for different inoculant treatments, such as without any inoculation, in‐mold inoculation with coarse, and fine Fe‐Si, are prepared. The results have shown that the nodularity increased with in‐mold inoculation with Fe‐Si, and for the same amount of inoculated Fe‐Si, the nodularity is higher for fine Fe‐Si. Ultimate tensile strength is also found to increase with the increase in nodularity, and maximum strength of ≈460 MPa is recorded for a specimen having in‐mold inoculation with fine Fe‐Si. Stepped bar specimens of different thicknesses are also prepared by casting with the same composition for studying the effect of section thickness, and nodularity value is found to be higher for the thinnest section and is about ≈48%.
Polymerization of N‐Butyl Vinyl Ether Catalyzed by Iron‐Containing Imidazolium‐Based Ionic Liquid
Authors: Agner Tamara , Zimermann Amadeo , Machado Fabricio , Neto Brenno A. D. , de Araújo Pedro H. H. , Sayer Claudia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe iron‐containing imidazolium‐based ionic liquids (ILs) 1‐n‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium heptachlorodiferrate (BMI.Fe2Cl7) and 1‐n‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate (BMI.FeCl4) are applied as catalysts in the homogeneous polymerization of n‐butyl vinyl ether. Both solventless conditions as well as using different organic solvents, catalyst concentrations, temperatures, and reaction times are tested to assess the polymerization conditions that lead to the highest molecular weights of poly(n‐butyl vinyl ether). The Lewis acidic IL BMI.Fe2Cl7 proves to be highly efficient, even at low catalyst concentrations. In bulk polymerization, polymers with 142 kg mol−1 are obtained using a 1:10000 molar ratio of catalyst to monomer. In solution polymerization, the monomer consumption is also rapid and the molecular weight of the polymer is related to the catalyst concentration used. These results indicate the potential of this catalyst for industrial applications. In contrast with the acidic IL, the neutral iron‐containing imidazolium‐based IL BMI.FeCl4 does not show any catalytic activity.
Pregnant Women's experiences with intimate partner violence one year after the COVID‐19 pandemic in Jordan
Authors: Abujilban Sanaa , AbuAbed Asma’a , Mrayan Lina , Nashwan Abdulqadir J. , Al‐Modallal Hanan , Damra Jalal , Alrousan Dheaya , Hamaideh Shaher 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimTo assess the prevalence and compare the levels of intimate partner violence (IPV) before and during the pandemic and to identify the factors that associated with physical IPV among Jordanian pregnant women.DesignA cross‐sectional, correlational design. Women were asked to report their experience with IPV twice: during and before the pandemic.MethodsA convenience sampling technique was used to select pregnant women from National Woman's Health Care Center from 15 April to 1 September 2021. The Domestic Violence Questionnaire Screening Tool (DVQST) was used to assess the levels of IPV.ResultsThe women (n = 232) who participated in the study experienced considerable levels of IPV before (69% control IPV, 59.90% psychological, 46.10% physical, 43.10% sexual) and during (75.90% control IPV, 64.20% psychological, 46.10% physical, 40.90% sexual) the pandemic. There were statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) higher mean DVQST scores for control IPV and psychological IPV during the pandemic (control IPV mean = 9.78, psychological mean = 7.03) versus before the pandemic (control IPV mean = 8.95, psychological mean = 6.62). Woman's educational level, marriage duration, woman's employment status, and level of mutual understanding were inversely associated with physical IPV during the pandemic.Patient or Public ContributionIPV is a global public health problem and a major violation of human rights. The levels of control IPV and psychological IPV increased during the COVID‐19 pandemic, while the levels of physical and sexual IPV stayed the same. Antenatal screening for IPV is crucial to save women and their offspring from suffering this type of violence.
P1$$ {P}_1 $$‐nonconforming quadrilateral finite element space with periodic boundary conditions: Part II. Application to the nonconforming heterogeneous multiscale method
Authors: Yim Jaeryun , Sheen Dongwoo , Sim Imbo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA homogenization approach is one of effective strategies to solve multiscale elliptic problems approximately. The finite element heterogeneous multiscale method (FEHMM) which is based on the finite element makes possible to simulate such process numerically. In this paper we introduce a FEHMM scheme for multiscale elliptic problems based on nonconforming elements. In particular we use the noconforming element with the periodic boundary condition introduced in the companion paper. Theoretical analysis derives a priori error estimates in the standard Sobolev norms. Several numerical results which confirm our analysis are provided.