bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy is capable of precise differentiation between re-dyed hair samples
Authors: Higgins Samantha , Kurouski Dmitry 
Published: May 2023

AbstractScalp hairs are readily present at most crime scenes because an average person sheds around 100 hairs a day. Forensic experts analyze hair found at crime scenes to identify suspects involved in a crime. Many people color their hair on a regular basis. Therefore, confirmatory analysis of hair colorants can be extremely useful in forensic investigation of hair evidence. However, most currently available methods for analysis of hair colorants are invasive, destructive, or not reliable. Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a minimally invasive, fast, and highly accurate technique that can be used to identify colorants present on hair. SERS is based on 106–108 enhancement of Raman scattering from molecules present in the close proximity to noble metal nanostructures. In this study, we investigate the extent to which SERS can be used to reveal coloration history of hair. We found that SERS enables nearly 100% identification of dyes of different color if those were applied on hair in the sequential order. The same accuracy was observed for colorants of different brand and type. Furthermore, SERS was capable of revealing the order in which two colorants were applied on hair. Finally, we demonstrated that SERS could be used to reveal hair coloration history if two randomly selected dyes of different color, brand and type were used to color the hair. These findings facilitate the need for forensic experts to account for hair that has been redyed and can be identified against a library of the same colorant combinations.
Time and event-specific deep learning for personalized risk assessment after cardiac perfusion imaging
Authors: Pieszko Konrad , Shanbhag Aakash D. , Singh Ananya , Hauser M. Timothy , Miller Robert J. H. , Liang Joanna X. , Motwani Manish , Kwieciński Jacek , Sharir Tali , Einstein Andrew J. , Fish Mathews B. , Ruddy Terrence D. , Kaufmann Philipp A. , Sinusas Albert J. , Miller Edward J. , Bateman Timothy M. , Dorbala Sharmila , Di Carli Marcelo , Berman Daniel S. , Dey Damini , Slomka Piotr J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractStandard clinical interpretation of myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) has proven prognostic value for predicting major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). However, personalizing predictions to a specific event type and time interval is more challenging. We demonstrate an explainable deep learning model that predicts the time-specific risk separately for all-cause death, acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and revascularization directly from MPI and 15 clinical features. We train and test the model internally using 10-fold hold-out cross-validation (n = 20,418) and externally validate it in three separate sites (n = 13,988) with MACE follow-ups for a median of 3.1 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 1.6, 3.6). We evaluate the model using the cumulative dynamic area under receiver operating curve (cAUC). The best model performance in the external cohort is observed for short-term prediction – in the first six months after the scan, mean cAUC for ACS and all-cause death reaches 0.76 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.75, 0.77) and 0.78 (95% CI: 0.78, 0.79), respectively. The model outperforms conventional perfusion abnormality measures at all time points for the prediction of death in both internal and external validations, with improvement increasing gradually over time. Individualized patient explanations are visualized using waterfall plots, which highlight the contribution degree and direction for each feature. This approach allows the derivation of individual event probability as a function of time as well as patient- and event-specific risk explanations that may help draw attention to modifiable risk factors. Such a method could help present post-scan risk assessments to the patient and foster shared decision-making.
Definitive Endodermal Cells Supply an in vitro Source of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells
Authors: Zhang Yumeng , Yi Ye , Xiao Xia , Hu Lingling , Xu Jiaqi , Zheng Dejin , Koc Ho Cheng , Chan Un In , Meng Ya , Lu Ligong , Liu Weiwei , Xu Xiaoling , Shao Ningyi , Cheung Edwin Chong Wing , Xu Ren-He , Chen Guokai 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMesenchymal stem/Stromal cells (MSCs) have great therapeutic potentials, and they have been isolated from various tissues and organs including definitive endoderm (DE) organs, such as the lung, liver and intestine. MSCs have been induced from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) through multiple embryonic lineages, including the mesoderm, neural crest, and extraembryonic cells. However, it remains unclear whether hPSCs could give rise to MSCs in vitro through the endodermal lineage. Here, we report that hPSC-derived, SOX17+ definitive endoderm progenitors can further differentiate to cells expressing classic MSC markers, which we name definitive endoderm-derived MSCs (DE-MSCs). Single cell RNA sequencing demonstrates the stepwise emergence of DE-MSCs, while endoderm-specific gene expression can be elevated by signaling modulation. DE-MSCs display multipotency and immunomodulatory activity in vitro and possess therapeutic effects in a mouse ulcerative colitis model. This study reveals that, in addition to the other germ layers, the definitive endoderm can also contribute to MSCs and DE-MSCs could be a cell source for regenerative medicine.
First perihelion of EUI on the Solar Orbiter mission
Authors: Berghmans D. , Antolin P. , Auchère F. , Aznar Cuadrado R. , Barczynski K. , Chitta L. P. , Gissot S. , Harra L. , Huang Z. , Janvier M. , Kraaikamp E. , Long D. M. , Mandal S. , Mierla M. , Parenti S. , Peter H. , Rodriguez L. , Schühle U. , Smith P. J. , Solanki S. K. , Stegen K. , Teriaca L. , Verbeeck C. , West M. J. , Zhukov A. N. , Appourchaux T. , Aulanier G. , Buchlin E. , Delmotte F. , Gilles J. M. , Haberreiter M. , Halain J.-P. , Heerlein K. , Hochedez J.-F. , Gyo M. , Poedts S. , Renotte E. , Rochus P. 
Published: May 2023

Context. The Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUI) on board Solar Orbiter consists of three telescopes: the two High Resolution Imagers, in EUV (HRIEUV) and in Lyman-α (HRILya), and the Full Sun Imager (FSI). Solar Orbiter/EUI started its Nominal Mission Phase on 2021 November 27.
Aims. Our aim is to present the EUI images from the largest scales in the extended corona off-limb down to the smallest features at the base of the corona and chromosphere. EUI is therefore a key instrument for the connection science that is at the heart of the Solar Orbiter mission science goals.
Methods. The highest resolution on the Sun is achieved when Solar Orbiter passes through the perihelion part of its orbit. On 2022 March 26, Solar Orbiter reached, for the first time, a distance to the Sun close to 0.3 au. No other coronal EUV imager has been this close to the Sun.
Results. We review the EUI data sets obtained during the period 2022 March–April, when Solar Orbiter quickly moved from alignment with the Earth (2022 March 6), to perihelion (2022 March 26), to quadrature with the Earth (2022 March 29). We highlight the first observational results in these unique data sets and we report on the in-flight instrument performance.
Conclusions. EUI has obtained the highest resolution images ever of the solar corona in the quiet Sun and polar coronal holes. Several active regions were imaged at unprecedented cadences and sequence durations. We identify in this paper a broad range of features that require deeper studies. Both FSI and HRIEUV operated at design specifications, but HRILya suffered from performance issues near perihelion. We conclude by emphasizing the EUI open data policy and encouraging further detailed analysis of the events highlighted in this paper.
La biocalcification bactérienne en milieu marin et ses applications
Authors: Vincent Julia , Colin Béatrice , Lanneluc Isabelle , Refait Philippe , Sabot René , Jeannin Marc , Sablé Sophie 
Published: May 2023

La précipitation du carbonate de calcium (CaCO3) biologiquement induite en milieu marin joue un rôle important dans le cycle biogéochimique du carbone. Cette biocalcification est gouvernée par quatre facteurs clés : le taux de carbone inorganique dissous dont dépend le taux de carbonates (CO32−) dans le système, le taux d’ions calciques (Ca2+), le pH et la disponibilité des sites de nucléation c’est-à-dire des zones de cristallisation primaire de la phase solide du minéral. Les bactéries impliquées dans la biocalcification marine vont alors agir sur un ou plusieurs de ces facteurs. Ce processus naturel, qui se produit dans divers contextes géologiques, peut être imité afin de développer un certain nombre de technologies permettant la séquestration des métaux lourds, la protection des métaux contre la corrosion, la restauration et le renforcement de matériaux préexistants et la consolidation de matériaux granulaires. Cette étude passe en revue les différentes activités métaboliques microbiennes menant à la précipitation du CaCO3 ainsi que leurs applications potentielles en milieu marin.
Prognostic Role of Diastolic Left Ventricular Mechanical Dyssynchrony by Gated Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in Post-Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ha Le Ngoc , Trung Nguyen Thi Thanh , Son Mai Hong , Chien Do Van , Paeng Jin Chun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective This study is aimed to assess the prognostic value of diastolic left ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony (LVMD) measured by gated-single photon emission computed tomography (GSPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) in post-myocardial infarction (MI).
Subjects and Methods The study was conducted on 106 post-MI from January 2015 to January 2019. First, the indices of diastolic LVMD phase standard deviation (PSD) and histogram bandwidth (HBW) of post-MI were measured using the Cardiac Emory Toolbox. Subsequently, the post-MI patients were followed up, and the primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACEs). Finally, the prognostic value of dyssynchrony parameters for MACE was analyzed by the receiver-operating characteristics curve and survival analyses.
Results With the cut-off values of 55.5 degrees of PSD, the sensitivity and specificity in prediction of MACE were 75% and 80.8%, with the cut-off values of 174.5 degrees of HBW, the sensitivity and specificity were 75% and 83.3% respectively. There was a significant difference of time to MACE between groups of PSD less than 55.5 degrees and more than 55.5 degrees. PSD, HBW, and left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) assessed on GSPECT were significant factors in the prediction of MACE.
Conclusion Diastolic LVMD parameters of PSD and HBW derived from GSPECT are significant prognostic factors in predicting MACE in post-MI patients.
An Experimental Prospective Study on Effectiveness of Brief Heartfulness-Based Start ‘U’p Program on Anxiety and Perceived Stress in Allied Health Students
Authors: Philip Sanjana T. , Thimmapuram Jayaram , Gupta Himanshu , Fatima Tahreem Hussain , Rahate Subodh , Yeram Neelam , Thakur Kapil , Thakur Mansee 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Aim and Objectives Health care education is an important issue in the development of countries. Stress and anxiety among health care students and workers are an area of increasing concern worldwide. Meditative practices have been shown to improve overall wellness. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy and feasibility of a brief Heartfulness-Based Start ‘U’p program to reduce anxiety and perceived stress in allied health students of Mahatma Gandhi Mission School of Biomedical Sciences (MGMSBS), Mahatma Gandhi Mission Institute of Health Sciences (MGMIHS), Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. The objective of this study was first to study the prevalence of anxiety and perceived stress in allied health students of MGMSBS, MGMIHS, Navi Mumbai, and then to study the effect of heartfulness meditation on measures of said emotional wellness.
Methods Seven sessions of Start ‘U’p Heartfulness Meditation of 2-hour duration once in every week was held over the course of 7 weeks. Two hundred and three participants enrolled for the heartfulness intervention. Changes in stress levels, anxiety levels, and mindfulness skills were assessed. Three self-reporting questionnaire tools—Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)—were used to determine the categorical scales (low, medium, and high) for anxiety and stress among students from baseline to post-intervention.
Results Our study revealed an improvement in anxiety and perceived stress post-intervention of brief Heartfulness-Based Start ‘U’p Program. Out of 203 students in this study, 75.86% were female and 24.14% were male. Students' BAI scores dropped an average of 2.91 points, whereas PSS scores dropped an average of 1.61 points. The largest increase in mindfulness was seen for nonjudging, with an average increase of 2.1 points (p ≤ 0.05) in categorical data from pre- to post-intervention based on the FFMQ tool.
Conclusion Our results indicate that heartfulness meditation practice offers an accessible and efficient method by which students' anxiety and stress can be improved. This may also improve their engagement in learning-oriented approaches and class activities.
Attitude and Perception of Dental Students and Dentists toward Efficacy of Typhodont Exercise Practiced as a Part of Preclinical Conservative Dentistry Curriculum for Routine Clinical Practice
Authors: Mulla Sayem Anwarhussain , Munshi Fatima Sajid , Patil Amit Hemraj , Mali Sheetal Dayaram , Saoji Hrishikesh Ashok , Jaiswal Himmat Chhedi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective Dentistry is a blend of both surgery and medicine. Cavity preparation in dentistry is a routine procedure used to remove defects or dental caries, which is irreversible and requires advanced skills. Preclinical training is done on typhodont, which are replicas of teeth that exhibit tooth morphology, as part of the dental curriculum. The aim of this study was to assess the attitude of dental professionals toward the efficacy of typhodont exercise in clinical practice.
Materials and Methods This study was a cross-sectional study conducted on dental professionals to understand the efficacy of typhodont exercise in clinical practice. The questionnaire consisted of 23 close-ended questions. The responses were coded as number/score (1–10). Responses were compiled on a MS Excel Worksheet and subjected to SPSS package. Chi-squared test and Mann–Whitney U test were used to analyze data.
Results A total of 250 responses were collected. About 72.8% participants stated that it helped them get oriented to the operating position. Regarding the preclinical exercises relevance to clinical exercise, a score of about 7 was obtained. However, the simulation of gingiva received a score of 5. Suggestions like integration of augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), haptic technology along with extracted teeth as a conjunct to the typhodont exercise were received.
Conclusion This study suggested that preclinical typhodont exercises help the students in preparing for the upcoming clinical postings. However, the augmentation of typhodont exercise with AR, VR, haptic technology, and use of extracted teeth can furbish the current state of preclinical curriculum for conservative dentistry.
Surgical Site and Blood Stream Infections in Children with Delayed Sternal Closure after Cardiopulmonary Bypass Surgery: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Hubara Evyatar , Serencev Irena , Kriger Or , Rachel Shatzman Steuerman , Keizman Eitan , Nellis Marianne E. , Mishali David , Lerner Reut Kassif , Katz Uriel , Skorchin Yelena , Barkai Galia , Pessach Itai 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective Delayed sternal closure (DSC) is a frequent strategy for optimizing hemodynamics for patients after complicated cardiac surgery. However, this practice is associated with increased risk for infection and mortality. Despite the importance of antibiotic prophylaxis during open chest management, no clear recommendations are available. We sought to describe our practice with single-agent prophylactic antibiotic treatment for children with DSC.
Methods We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical record of children with delayed chest closure after stage 1 palliative surgery, between January 2009 and December 2020. Demographics, antibiotic treatment, and data regarding postoperative infection occurrence were collected. The primary outcomes were surgical site infection (SSI) and blood stream infection (BSI) rates within 28 days of repair.
Results Sixty-eight patients were identified with single ventricle physiology, who underwent Damus–Kaye–Stansel or a modified Norwood procedure, remained with an open chest postoperatively, and were treated with prophylactic cefazolin. Sixty-three percent (43/68) of the children were male with a median (interquartile range) age of 9 (6–16) days. Eleven patients (16%) had an SSI or BSI identified postoperatively. Those with infections were significantly older (8 vs. 14 months, p = 0.037), had longer central line time (11 vs. 7 days, p = 0.004), had a central line location other than internal jugular (p = 0.022), and had a dialysis line (p = 0.022).
Conclusion Our study demonstrates a relatively low occurrence rate of postoperative SSIs and bacteremia with prophylactic cefazolin therapy among children with DSC suggesting that single-agent, narrow antimicrobial treatment may be sufficient in this high-risk population.
Morphopragmatic analysis of reduplication in Nigerian Pidgin (Naija)
Authors: Odiegwu Nancy Chiagolum , Romero-Trillo Jesús 
Published: May 2023

AbstractReduplication has a strong presence in creoles and expanded Pidgins. It has been studied for the several grammatical functions it performs in these languages. The present study is based on morphopragmatics theory, and explores reduplication in Nigerian Pidgin with the goal of identifying the pragmatic meanings it conveys. To achieve this, we analysed data from Wazobia FM, a Nigerian Pidgin-based radio station in Nigeria. The analysis process involved interviews and a focus group discussion with native informants. Our results show that in addition to more prototypical iconic meanings, some categories of reduplication in Nigerian Pidgin convey secondary meanings that are often heavily pragmatically and pejoratively charged, and which speakers strategically use to mark in-group and out-group associations, as well as to neutralize or attenuate the inherent negative meanings of the simplex forms.
Prepared to stop: how sense of agency in a preceding trial modulates inhibitory control in the current trial
Authors: Ren Qiaoyue , Kaiser Jakob , Gentsch Antje , Schütz-Bosbach Simone 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Feeling in control of actions and events can enhance motivation for further actions. How this sense of agency (SoA) in fact influences flexible motor control remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effect of SoA on subsequent response inhibition in a modified go/no-go task with EEG recordings. We manipulated participants’ SoA by varying the presence, predictability, and emotional valence of a visual outcome for a given motor action. When participants unexpectedly did not receive any visible outcome following their action on trial n – 1, they exhibited slower responses and lower hit rates to the go signal but higher rates of successful inhibition to the no-go signal on trial n, regardless of the emotional valence of the expected action outcome. Furthermore, enhanced inhibitory tendencies were accompanied by reduced N2 and P3 amplitudes, midfrontal theta power, and theta synchronization between midfrontal and medial to parietal areas, indicating that less top-down control is required for successful response inhibition on trial n after experiencing low SoA on trial n – 1. These findings suggest that feeling less in control in a preceding trial makes it easier to implement inhibitory control in the current trial, thereby providing new insights into the role of SoA in goal-directed behavior.
Efficacy of a 4-Antigen Staphylococcus aureus Vaccine in Spinal Surgery: The STaphylococcus aureus suRgical Inpatient Vaccine Efficacy (STRIVE) Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Hassanzadeh Hamid , Baber James , Begier Elizabeth , Noriega David C , Konishi Hiroaki , Yato Yoshiyuki , Wang Michael Y , Le Huec Jean Charles , Patel Vikas , Varga Peter , Liljenqvist Ulf , Conly John , Sabharwal Charu , Munjal Iona , Cooper David , Radley David , Jaques Anna , Patton Michael , Gruber William C , Jansen Kathrin U , Anderson Annaliesa S , Gurtman Alejandra ,   for the STaphylococcus aureus suRgical Inpatient Vaccine Efficacy Investigator Team, Zenilman Jonathan , Salata Robert , Schaffner William , Blackwelder William , Leaper David 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Staphylococcus aureus is a global pathogen that is frequently responsible for healthcare-associated infections, including surgical site infections (SSIs). Current infection prevention and control approaches may be limited, with S. aureus antibiotic resistance remaining problematic. Thus, a vaccine to prevent or reduce S. aureus infection is critically needed. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of an investigational 4-antigen S. aureus vaccine (SA4Ag) in adults undergoing elective open posterior spinal fusion procedures with multilevel instrumentation.

Methods
In this multicenter, site-level, randomized, double-blind trial, patients aged 18–85 years received a single dose of SA4Ag or placebo 10–60 days before surgery. SA4Ag efficacy in preventing postoperative S. aureus bloodstream infection and/or deep incisional or organ/space SSIs was the primary end point. Safety evaluations included local reactions, systemic events, and adverse events (AEs). Immunogenicity and colonization were assessed.

Results
Study enrollment was halted when a prespecified interim efficacy analysis met predefined futility criteria. SA4Ag showed no efficacy (0.0%) in preventing postoperative S. aureus infection (14 cases in each group through postoperative day 90), despite inducing robust functional immune responses to each antigen compared with placebo. Colonization rates across groups were similar through postoperative day 180. Local reactions and systemic events were mostly mild or moderate in severity, with AEs reported at similar frequencies across groups.

Conclusions
In patients undergoing elective spinal fusion surgical procedures, SA4Ag was safe and well tolerated but, despite eliciting substantial antibody responses that blocked key S. aureus virulence mechanisms, was not efficacious in preventing S. aureus infection.
Clinical Trials Registration. NCT02388165.
Fed Up: The Global Ascension of the Federal Reserve in the Era of Migration
Authors: Connell Brendan J , Shin Adrian J 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn recent decades, the Federal Reserve has emerged as a global lender of last resort. In this article, we investigate whether the prospect of unwanted migration has driven lawmakers’ support for the Fed's increased international role. During an economic crisis, declines in investor confidence and capital flight to developed economies often cause economic hardship in the developing world, thus encouraging increased migration into advanced industrial economies. Concerned about voter opposition to increased immigration, immigration-averse policymakers of migrant-receiving states will seek ways to reduce the economic distress of migrant-sending states. To corroborate our argument, we analyze congressional voting on the “Audit the Fed” bills in the US House of Representatives from 2012 to 2015. Using the district-level foreign-born population as an indicator of migration pressure, our evidence suggests that anti-immigrant lawmakers are more likely to support the Federal Reserve's international initiatives when their districts face a disproportionately high level of migrant pressure.