bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of kynurenic acid and choline on lipopolysaccharide-induced cyclooxygenase pathway
Authors: Baris Elif , Simsek Oguzhan , Yoca Ozge Uysal , Demir Ayse Banu , Tosun Metiner 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Inflammation can be endogenously modulated by the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway via calcium (Ca2+)-permeable alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) ion channel expressed in immune cells. α7nAChR agonist choline and tryptophan metabolite kynurenic acid (KYNA) produces immunomodulatory effects. This study aimed to determine the effects of the choline and KYNA on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 pathway.

Methods

In vitro inflammation model was produced via LPS administration in macrophage cells. To determine the effective concentrations, choline and KYNA were applied with increasing concentrations and LPS-induced inflammatory parameters investigated. The involvement of nAChR mediated effects was investigated with the use of non-selective nAChR and selective α7nAChR antagonists. The effects of choline and KYNA on COX-2 enzyme, PGE2, TNFα, NF-κB and intracellular Ca2+ levels were analyzed.

Results
LPS-induced COX-2 expression, PGE2 TNFα and NF-κB levels were decreased with choline treatment while intracellular calcium levels via α7nAChRs increased. KYNA also showed an anti-inflammatory effect on the same parameters. Additionally, KYNA administration increased the effectiveness of choline on these inflammatory mediators.

Conclusions
Our data suggest a possible interaction between the kynurenine pathway and the cholinergic system on the modulation of LPS-induced inflammatory response in macrophages.
Cell envelope growth of Gram‐negative bacteria proceeds independently of cell wall synthesis
Authors: Oldewurtel Enno R , Kitahara Yuki , Cordier Baptiste , Wheeler Richard , Özbaykal Gizem , Brambilla Elisa , Boneca Ivo Gomperts , Renner Lars D , van Teeffelen Sven 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAll bacterial cells must expand their envelopes during growth. The main load‐bearing and shape‐determining component of the bacterial envelope is the peptidoglycan cell wall. Bacterial envelope growth and shape changes are often thought to be controlled through enzymatic cell wall insertion. We investigated the role of cell wall insertion for cell shape changes during cell elongation in Gram‐negative bacteria. We found that both global and local rates of envelope growth of Escherichia coli remain nearly unperturbed upon arrest of cell wall insertion—up to the point of sudden cell lysis. Specifically, cells continue to expand their surface areas in proportion to biomass growth rate, even if the rate of mass growth changes. Other Gram‐negative bacteria behave similarly. Furthermore, cells plastically change cell shape in response to differential mechanical forces. Overall, we conclude that cell wall‐cleaving enzymes can control envelope growth independently of synthesis. Accordingly, the strong overexpression of an endopeptidase leads to transiently accelerated bacterial cell elongation. Our study demonstrates that biomass growth and envelope forces can guide cell envelope expansion through mechanisms that are independent of cell wall insertion.
Pediatric Distraction Tools for Prehospital Care of Pain and Distress: A Systematic Review
Authors: Robinson Natasha , Delorenzo Ashleigh , Howell Stuart , Smith Karen , Cameron Peter , Stock Amanda , Eastwood Kathryn 
Published: June 2023

CONTEXT
Distraction therapies are widely used in emergency departments to manage pediatric pain and distress. Little is known about which distraction techniques would translate best into the prehospital environment.

OBJECTIVE
To identify emergency department-based distraction techniques for managing pain and/or distress in pediatric patients who may be suitable for the prehospital environment.

DATA SOURCES
Ovid Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane library, World Health Organization Clinical Trials Registry and Google Scholar were searched from their beginning to May 2022.

STUDY SELECTION
Studies were included if they reported on: (1) distraction techniques, (2) pediatric ED patients, (3) with pain and/or distress, and (4) used interventional or observational study designs. Studies utilizing interventions not feasible in the prehospital setting were excluded.

DATA EXTRACTION
Three authors independently assessed eligibility and completed data extraction.

RESULTS
The search yielded 4516 records, and 29 studies were included. Risk of bias across all studies was moderate to high. Children were 3 months to 18 years old. Digital, nondigital, and environmental distractors were tested using 12 pain and 15 distress measurement tools. No significant negative outcomes were reported. Fifteen studies reported reductions in self-reported pain and/or distress. Active, nondigital distractors most consistently reduced pain. There was insufficient evidence to support a distraction type for distress.

LIMITATIONS
The heterogeneity in study design, distractors, measurement tools, and reporting restricted statistical analysis.

CONCLUSIONS
Distraction tools that effectively reduce pediatric pain and/or distress in the ED exist and could be adapted to the prehospital environment. Further research is required to determine feasibility and effectiveness.
Bitlis İngiliz Konsolosu Walter John Heathcote'un 1904 II. Sason Olayı Sırasındaki Faaliyetleri Ve İddiaları
Authors: KESKİN Tülay 
Published: June 2023

1894 yılında Sason bölgesinde başlattıkları isyan ile hedeflerine ulaşamayan Ermeni komiteciler, 1901 yılının yaz aylarından itibaren Bitlis vilayetinde faaliyetlerini arttırmaya başladılar. Özellikle Sason bölgenin pek çok yerine silah, mühimmat ve yiyecek taşımışlardır. Her sene yaz mevsiminde bölgeye gelen Kürt aşiretlerine saldırarak şiddetli çatışmaların meydana gelmesine sebep olmuşlardır. 1903 ve 1904’te Sason civarında Ermeni komitecilerinin faaliyetleri yoğunlaşınca Bitlis'teki İngiliz Yardımcı Konsolosluğunun önemi de artmaya başlamıştır. Bu yıllar arasında İngiliz Bitlis Konsolosluğunda Walter John Heathcote görev yapmaktaydı. Konsolos Heathcote görev süresi boyunca Ermeni komitecilerin faaliyetleriyle ilgili bilgi toplamak için sık sık Muş’a gidip gelmiştir.
Walter J. Heathcote, 1903 yılının mayıs ayında göreve başlamasından itibaren Bitlis vilayetindeki gelişmeler hakkında birçok rapor kaleme almıştır. Raporlarının konusu genel olarak Sason’da meydana gelen Ermeni isyanı ve onlara karşı yapılan askeri faaliyetler, Ermeni komiteciler ile askeri birlikler arasında yaşanan çatışmalar, seyyar jandarmanın kurulması ve Vali Hüsnü Bey’in ölümü üzerine Ferid Bey’in tayin edilmesi hakkındadır. Heathcote, Bitlis’e yeni bir konsolosun atanmasıyla birlikte 29 Kasım 1905’te Bitlis’ten ayrılmıştır.
Effects of sintering temperature on the characteristics of aluminum oxide ceramics obtained without pressure using sintering additives of the Al2O3‒SiO2‒CaO system
Authors: Ding Donghai , Guan Yue , Xiao Guoqing , Mao Zhaoyuan , Shi Xiaoqi , Gao Kaiqiang , Chong Xiaochuan , Luo Jiyuan , Lei Changkun 
Published: June 2023

The alumina ceramics with high compressive strength were prepared by pressureless sintering, and the kaolinite and calcium carbonate were added as Al2O3‒SiO2‒CaO sintering additives. The effects of sintering temperature on the volume shrinkage, bulk density, water absorption and compressive strength of the alumina ceramics were studied. The phase composition, crystal cell parameters, average grain size and microstructure of the ceramic were analyzed by XRD, SEM and EDS. The results show that the lattice tends to packed with the increase of sintering temperature. The bonding between grains is the most compact after sintering at 1700 ℃. The volume shrinkage increases with the increase of sintering temperature. The water absorption of alumina ceramics after sintering at 1700 °С reaches the minimum value of 0,06 %. The bulk density and compressive strength increase first and then decrease with the increase of sintering temperature. At 1700 ℃, optimized mechanical properties of alumina ceramics is obtained, with a bulk density of 3,80 g/cm3 and a compressive strength of 1323 MPa. Ill. 10. Ref. 41. Tab. 4.
Material distribution in the channel heightin critical regimes of vertical two-phase flows
Authors: Barsky E. 
Published: June 2023

Many problems arising at the development of a mathematical model of critical regimes of two-phase flows are connected with the necessary account for differently directed motion of particles at all levels of the channel simultaneously. These problems were solved by developing a discrete-stationary model of the process. Recurrent equations allowing us to determine solid phase distribution both in ordinary conditions and in optimal separation regimes were derived and solved. Ill. 1. Ref. 3.
Hygiene behaviors and nutritional status of children living in orphanages in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Mohammad Shamsal , M. Yahya Fazle Siddique , Ashraf M. Mahfuz , Hossain Mohammad Iqbal 
Published: June 2023

Background: Malnutrition is considered a complicated public health issue and depends on multiple factors. Hygienic behavior is related to orphan children’s growth, nutritional outcomes, and sound health. The study’s aim was to assess the hygiene behaviors and nutritional status of orphan students in Bangladesh.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted in three orphanage centers. A total of 120 respondents were interviewed. A descriptive analysis of the collected data was performed.
Results: The monthly mean and median expenditure of orphans was 2000±475 BDT (20$). The number of toilets and waiting time for the orphan to use them are closely associated (χ2= 33.38; Cramer’s V=0.44, df=13; Sig; p<0.001). On average, an orphan waits 32.20 minutes to use the toilet facility when they need it. Orphan family income and disposal of waste in the toilet of the orphan center are strongly associated (χ2=99.19; Cramer’s V=0.49, df=39; Sig; p<0.001). There was a significant association between attending toilet-related hygiene and types of diseases. Hair fall, muscle wasting, fever, and xerosis of the skin were common diseases among orphans. Types of diseases orphans and schedule for the dietary chart are strongly associated (χ2=23.35; Cramer’s V=0.37, df=24; Sig; p<0.001).
Conclusions: Integrated approach is required to counter the extent of malnutrition among orphans. Teachers of orphanages should receive proper training so that they are able to take care of the physical and mental health of the orphan children.
A randomised controlled study for the comparison of functional outcome of femoral tunnel fixation devices, aperture fixation by screw vs suspensory fixation by endo-button in arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Mahawar Sanjeev , Prajapati Paras , Bansal Vishal , Tiwari Ashish , Bagga Mani 
Published: May 2023

: The goal of this study was to compare suspensory and aperture fixation methods for restoring soft tissue allografts in the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL).: 30 patients were chosen and randomly allocated to one of two experimental groups, suspensory fixation or aperture fixation, following the completion of a prospective analysis, permission from the institutional review board, and patient agreement. All of the patients underwent ACL reconstruction surgery using soft tissue allografts made of hamstring tendon. The procedures were either (1) femoral and tibial fixation with a femoral cannulated interference screw and a tibial cannulated interference screw (aperture) or (2) femoral cortical buttons (suspensory) and a tibial cannulated interference screw. The subjective anterior drawer test analysis and changes in the International Knee Documentation Committee knee examination rating were employed as end measures.: All of the patients who had received treatment (100%) had successfully completed a clinical assessment at the 1-month, 4-month, 8-month, and 12-month follow-ups. Out of the 30 patients who were included, 15 (50%) underwent suspensory fixation treatment and the other 15 (50%) underwent aperture fixation treatment. The primary outcome measure—AP stability at 25 degrees of knee flexion—did not differ across groups at a 12-month follow-up. Also, at the 1-month and 4-month evaluations, secondary data revealed a statistically significant difference between the groups.: Our data showed no meaningful differences in knee AP stability or other outcomes between ACL allograft reconstruction using aperture fixation and ACL allograft reconstruction utilising suspensory fixation at the 12-month mark, while aperture fixation performed better at the first and fourth months. One of our main outcome measures was the grading of knee anteroposterior (AP) stability (clinical judgments).: Level II, lesser-quality randomised controlled trial with a follow-up of 1 year.
Pembuatan Video Tutorial Bedak Dingin Berbahan Dasar Beras dan Ekstrak Singkong
Authors: Gabby Rizky Nindy Putri  , Mari Okatini  
Published: May 2023

Abstrak

Pembuatan Video Tutorial Bedak Dingin Berbahan Dasar Beras dan Ekstrak Singkong, Tugas Akhir: Program Studi Diploma 3 Tata Rias, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, 2022.
Bedak dingin atau yang bisa juga disebut masker tradisional merupakan produk kecantikan tradisional yang dibuat secara turun temurun oleh nenek moyang yang berasal dari bahan dasar beras putih yang dicampur air mawar. Dalam proses pembuatannya bedak dingin terbagi dari berbagai macam bahan dasar, diantaranya beras dan ekstrak singkong. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menambah ilmu bagi peneliti dan pembaca dalam video tutorial bedak dingin berbahan dasar beras dan ekstrak singkong. Penilaian video tutorial bedak dingin ini dilakukan uji kelayakan oleh 2 ahli, ahli materi dan ahli media dengan aspek sebagai berikut aspek isi, aspek visual, aspek audio, aspek bahasa, dan aspek tipografi. berdasarkan penilaian dengan ahli materi dan media, “Pembuatan Video Tutorial Bedak Dingin Berbahan Dasar Beras dan Ekstrak Singkong” dinyatakan layak.
Heterogeneous Subcontinental Lithospheric Mantle below the South Margin of the Siberian Craton: Evidence from Composition of Paleoproterozoic Mafic Associations
Authors: Turkina O.M. , Izokh A.E. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
—Paleoproterozoic mafic associations of the Irkut block from the Sharyzhalgai uplift are gabbro-dolerite dikes and small gabbronorite and monzodiorite massifs, which formed at 1.87–1.84 Ga and were coeval with granitoids and basite intrusions of the South Siberian magmatic belt (SSB). All the Paleoproterozoic mafic associations of the Irkut block are characterized by the presence of biotite and alkali feldspar, enrichment in K2O, LILE, Th, and light REE, highly fractionated multielement spectra with sharp Nb and Ti depletion, and extremely low εNd(T) from –5.1 to –10.1. In these compositional features, they are similar to mafic complexes in the central and eastern parts of the SSB (the Baikal uplift and the western Aldan shield). Their geochemical and isotopic characteristics did not result from crustal contamination but point to derivation from the subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) enriched by reaction with felsic subduction-related and OIB-like mafic melts formed at a low degree of melting. The geochemically contrasting Paleoproterozoic gabbronorites in the Onot block of the Sharyzhalgai uplift are marked by depletion in K2O, Ba, LILE, Th, and light REE, weak depletion in Nb, and higher εNd(T) from –0.3 to –1.4. The gabbronorites indicate not only an increase in the contribution of a depleted source to their genesis but also the heterogeneity of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle below the south margin of the Siberian Craton. The formation of enriched SCLM domains throughout the South Siberian belt was mainly the result of Archean subduction-related metasomatic processes. The wide distribution of Paleoproterozoic mafic complexes with subduction geochemical signatures and negative εNd(T) on most early Precambrian cratons is due to global change in the composition and an increase in the heterogeneity of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle toward the end of the Archean.
Root inoculation with Herbaspirillum seropedicae RAM10 reveals structural and functional shifts in the wheat seed-borne microbiota associated with improved plant phenotype
Authors: Carril Pablo , Ngendahimana Ephrem , Tenreiro Rogerio , Cruz Cristina 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Exploiting the beneficial features of the plant microbiota is a promising approach to improve cereal growth and health in a more sustainable manner. Seed-borne endophytic microbiota can intimately colonize the plant’s endosphere and influence plant responses efficiently. Understanding their structure and functions is a critical step towards the formulation of microbial inoculants that can promote plant-beneficial microbiota functions. In this study, both 16S and ITS metabarcoding analyses were employed to explore the structure of the endophytic seed-borne microbiota in wheat seeds as well as in roots either non-inoculated or inoculated with the endophytic bacterium Herbaspirillum seropedicae RAM10. Furthermore, machine learning tools were employed to predict the ecological functions associated to these structural shifts. Inoculation with H. seropedicae markedly changed the composition of the seed-borne endophytic community. This compositional shift mirrored a predicted functional diversification, which was manifested by the differential enrichment of OTUs involved in bacterial nitrogen fixation, nitrate metabolism and aerobic chemoheterotrophy as well as by changes in fungal life strategies. These results suggest that endophytic inoculants could represent suitable vehicles to effectively promote desired plant traits through the modulation of the wheat seed-borne microbiota in the root endosphere.
5-AzaC enhances the Aluminum tolerance of grapes by reducing the DNA methylation level
Authors: Zhang Yongfu , Qiao Zuqin , Li Xiaoqin , Ren Zhen , Xu Shiqin , Liu Zhao , Wang Kai 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
5-Azacitidine (5-AzaC) is a base analog with a reduced methylation level of the genome generated by removing the methyl group from methylated cytosine in the DNA. However, the mechanism of exogenous 5-azaC mediating Al accumulation in grapes at the methylation level remains unclear.
Methods
Using 5-azaC treatment solution to spray the ‘crystal’ grape seedlings under Al stress, and then, observing the agronomic traits of grape, detecting the activity of SOD, POD and MDA, the content of H2O2 and Al, and the rate of oxygen free radical production. Meanwhile, the whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) was used to generate high-coverage cytosine methylation profiles of the grape genome.
Results
After treatment with 5-azaC of the ‘crystal’ grape seedlings under Al stress, the methylation rates of all chromosomes decreased, the DNA methylation level decreased, and the DNA methylation level of promoter increased at CG, CHG, and CHH sites, so that transcription factors could trigger the promoter and induce upregulation of hypo-differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in the genome to counteract Al stress. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis of DMRs demonstrated that 5-azaC treatment could effectively reduce the Al toxicity in grape plants under Al stress by upregulating related genes and effectively reducing the Al stress-induced DNA methylation level of the grape genome.
Conclusion
5-azaC treatment leads to reduced DNA methylation level of the grape genome, and elucidation of the methylation features helped to clarify the molecular mechanism behind the response of grapes to Al stress.
Comparison of the Concentration of Amphotericin B in Periocular Fat Tissue after Retrobulbar and Intravenous Injection
Authors: Baghaei Amir , Shahriari Mansoor , Sayyadi Shahram , Amiri-Andebili Marziyeh , Esmaily Hadi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Mucormycosis is one of the invasive fungal infections, particularly affecting individuals with compromised immune systems. The most common form of Mucormycosis is rhino-orbital-cerebral Mucormycosis. Liposomal amphotericin is a recommended drug for the treatment of this disease according to guidelines and scientific authorities. Recently, some doctors have considered retrobulbar injection of liposomal amphotericin as an alternative to the conventional treatment. The aim of this study is to investigate the concentration of amphotericin B in the fat tissue around the eyes after intravenous, retrobulbar, and combined intravenous with retrobulbar injection.
The study used 45 rats divided into 15 groups of 3. The rats were subjected to different injection methods: intravenous, retrobulbar, and combined intravenous with retrobulbar. Three groups received the same dose of liposomal amphotericin B. At 4, 6, and 24 hours after each injection, the rats were euthanized, and the fatty tissue around their eyes was removed. The concentration of amphotericin B in the tissue was determined using a UV-spectrophotometer.
The concentrations observed at 4, 6, and 24 hours after injection were as follows:
Intravenous injection of 10 mg/kg: 0.0001, 0.1154, and 0.0693 μg/ml.
Intravenous injection of 15 mg/kg: 0.0339, 0.3534, and 0.4209 μg/ml.
Retrobulbar injection: 8.8965, 9.8124, and 9.4156 μg/ml.
Intravenous injection of 10 mg/kg + retrobulbar 0.25 mg/kg: 8.8401, 7.8869, and 8.6409 μg/ml.
Intravenous injection of 15 mg/kg + retrobulbar 0.25 mg/kg: 8.1940, 8.5277, and 9.0889 μg/ml.
Based on the results obtained from this study, retrobulbar injection of liposomal amphotericin B achieved a suitable concentration of the drug in the tissue around the eye. Therefore, in the treatment of rhino-orbital-cerebral Mucormycosis, there may be no need for intravenous injection alone or in combination with retrobulbar injection.
Histopathology Reveals Environmental Stress in Dusky Flounder Syacium papillosum of the Yucatan Peninsula Continental Shelf
Authors: Couoh-Puga E. Danilú , Chávez-Sánchez María Cristina , Vidal-Martínez Víctor M. , Gold-Bouchot Gerardo , Centeno-Chalé O. Arturo , Aguirre-Macedo M. Leopoldina 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

The histological changes in the liver, kidney, spleen, and gills of S. papillosum from the continental shelf of the Yucatan Peninsula, Gulf of Mexico, and their statistical associations with environmental conditions and pollutants were assessed in 2010, 2011, and 2012. We evaluated the extension and severity of the lesions through a degree of tissue change (DTC) and, with the sum of the number of lesion types within each of their DTC stages, we determined the histological alteration index (HAI). The liver and kidney were the most affected organs, with HAI values > 100. Fish with the most severe damage were observed on the Campeche Bank and the Caribbean Sea, in contrast with those collected from the northern Yucatan continental shelf. The presence of foci cellular alteration and abundant melanomacrophage centers indicated that these flatfishes were chronically exposed to environmental stress factors. Redundancy analyses showed strong associations between HAI values and hydrocarbon and heavy metal concentrations in muscle. The integrated evaluation indicated that flatfish tissues respond actively to exposure to xenobiotics in the environment.