bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nature and timing of Sn mineralization in southern Hunan, South China: Constraints from LA-ICP-MS cassiterite U-Pb geochronology and trace element composition
Authors: Ren Tao , Li Huan , Algeo Thomas J. , Girei Musa Bala , Wu Jinghua , Liu Biao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Accurately determining the timing and mechanism of metallogenesis of ore deposits is essential for developing a robust genetic model for their exploration. In this paper, we analyze the formation conditions of cassiterite in five major deposits of southern Hunan Province, one of the most important tungsten-tin (W-Sn) provinces in South China, using a combination of cathodoluminescence imaging, in situ U-Pb geochronology, and trace-element concentration data. In situ cassiterite U-Pb geochronology constrains the main period of Sn mineralization to between 155.4 and 142.0 Ma, demonstrating a temporal and genetic relationship to silicic intrusive magmatism in the same area. Three stages of magmatic activity and metallogenic evolution are recognized: (1) Early Paleozoic and Triassic: the initial enrichment stage of tungsten and tin; (2) Jurassic: the metasomatic mineralization stage; and (3) Cretaceous: the magmatic-hydrothermal superposition stage. The cassiterite in these deposits takes four forms, i.e., quartz vein-type, greisen-skarn-type, greisen-type, and granite-type, representing a progression characterized by the increasing content and decreasing range of variation of high field strength elements (HFSEs), and reflecting a general increase in the degree of evolution of the associated granites. Rare earth element (REE) concentrations suggest that precipitation of cassiterite was insensitive to the redox state of the fluid and that precipitation of cassiterite in the southern Hunan Sn deposits did not require a high-fO2 environment. These findings provide new insights into tin mineralization processes and exploration strategies.
The role of albumin replacement therapy in the treat ment of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Turkina A. A. , Maevskaya M. V. , Zharkova M. S. , Ivashkin V. T. 
Published: May 2023

Introduction. It is often observed that decompensated liver cirrhosis is accompanied by hepatic encephalopathy. The role of violation of the structural and functional properties of albumin in the development of this pathology is currently not defined.Aim. Was to evaluate the effect of albumin replacement therapy on the clinical manifestations of hepatic encephalopathy and the severity of structural and functional changes in serum albumin.Materials and methods. The study included 28 adult patients with decompensated cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy divided into two comparable groups. In addition to the standard examination, the properties of the albumin molecule were evaluated using the EPR test. The dynamics of indicators was assessed in the groups of standard treatment and standard treatment + albumin. Mathematical processing was carried out in the StatTech v. 3.1.4 (developer Stattech LLC, Russia).Results and discussion. It was revealed that patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis have serious disturbances in the albumin configuration, which lead to a decrease in its functional activity. The ability to bind, transport and detoxify were impaired in the vast majority of patients. The native conformation of the molecule was abnormal in all patients. Against the background of albumin replacement therapy, these disorders are able to recover to normal values. Along with this, we found that albumin replacement therapy reduced the severity of hepatic encephalopathy to a greater extent than standard treatment.Conclusion. Violation of the structural and functional albumin properties is associated with the progression of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with liver cirrhosis. Transfusions of highly concentrated human albumin lead to the normalization of the molecule properties and the encephalopathy regression.
Metabolic Reprogramming of Immune Cells Following Vaccination:
From Metabolites to Personalized Vaccinology
Authors: Mussap Michele , Puddu Melania , Fanos Vassilios 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
Identifying metabolic signatures induced by the immune response to vaccines
allows one to discriminate vaccinated from non-vaccinated subjects and decipher the
molecular mechanisms associated with the host immune response. This review illustrates
and discusses the results of metabolomics-based studies on the innate and adaptive immune
response to vaccines, long-term functional reprogramming (immune memory), and
adverse reactions. Glycolysis is not overexpressed by vaccines, suggesting that the immune
cell response to vaccinations does not require rapid energy availability as necessary
during an infection. Vaccines strongly impact lipids metabolism, including saturated
or unsaturated fatty acids, inositol phosphate, and cholesterol. Cholesterol is strategic for
synthesizing 25-hydroxycholesterol in activated macrophages and dendritic cells and stimulates
the conversion of macrophages and T cells in M2 macrophage and Treg, respectively.
In conclusion, the large-scale application of metabolomics enables the identification
of candidate predictive biomarkers of vaccine efficacy/tolerability.
Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model for Older Adults and Its Application in Geriatric Drug Research
Authors: Wu Xinyi , Sia Jie En Valerie , Hai Min , Lai Xuan , Li Haiyan , Cui Cheng , Liu Dongyang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:Drug-related adverse events are higher in older patients than in non-older patients, increasing the risk of medication and reducing compliance. Aging is accompanied by a decline in physiological functions and metabolic weakening. Most tissues and organs undergo anatomical and physiological changes that may affect the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) characteristics of drugs. Clinical trials are the gold standard for selecting appropriate dosing regimens. However, older patients are generally underrepresented in clinical trials, resulting in a lack of evidence for establishing an optimal dosing regimen for older adults. The physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model is an effective approach to quantitatively describe the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs in older adults by integrating physiological parameters, drug physicochemical properties, and preclinical or clinical PK data. The PBPK model can simulate the PK/PD characteristics of clinical drugs in different scenarios, ultimately compensating for inadequate clinical trial data in older adults, and is recommended by the Food and Drug Administration for clinical pharmacology studies in older adults. This review describes the effects of physiological changes on the PK/PD process in older adults and summarises the research progress of PBPK models. Future developments of PBPK models are also discussed, together with the application of PBPK models in older adults, aiming to assist the development of clinical study strategies in older adults.
Effects of Advanced Glycation End Products via Oxidative Stress on Beta
Cells: Insights from in vitro and in vivo Studies and Update on Emerging
Therapies
Authors: Anastasiou Ioanna A. , Tentolouris Konstantinos N. , Lambadiari Vaia , Eleftheriadou Ioanna , Tektonidou Maria , Tentolouris Nikolaos 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Protein, lipid, and nucleic acid glycation reactions begin and continue as a
result of persistent hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus. Advanced glycated end products
(AGEs) are a complex group of chemical moieties that are formed as a result of the glycation process
and play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. When AGEs interact with their
cellular receptor (RAGE), numerous signaling pathways, including nuclear factor kappa-light-chainenhancer
of activated B cells (NF-κB), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and mitogen-activated protein
kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK), are activated, increasing oxidative stress.

Objective:
The aim of this review was to summarize in vitro and in vivo studies underlining the involvement
of AGEs on beta cell dysfunction and death via oxidative stress.

Methods:
A literature search of publications published between 1912 and December 2022 was conducted
using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library, with restrictions on articles written in
English.

Results:
Recent insights have revealed that oxidative stress has a crucial role in the development of
beta cell dysfunction and insulin resistance, the major hallmarks of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Studies
also revealed that AGEs decrease insulin synthesis and secretion in the pancreatic beta cells and induce
cell apoptosis.

Conclusion:
Experimental data have shown that both AGEs and oxidative stress contribute to beta
cell dysfunction and development as well as to the progression of diabetic complications. Many anti-
AGE therapies are being developed; however, it remains to be seen whether these therapies can help
maintain beta cell function and prevent diabetes complications.
The mTOR Signaling Pathway and mTOR Inhibitors in Cancer:
Next-generation Inhibitors and Approaches
Authors: Ihlamur Murat , Akgul Busra , Zengin Yağmur , Korkut Şenay Vural , Kelleci Kübra , Abamor Emrah Şefik 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
mTOR is a serine/threonine kinase that plays various roles in cell growth,
proliferation, and metabolism. mTOR signaling in cancer becomes irregular. Therefore,
drugs targeting mTOR have been developed. Although mTOR inhibitors rapamycin and
rapamycin rapalogs (everolimus, rapamycin, temsirolimus, deforolimus, etc.) and new
generation mTOR inhibitors (Rapalink, Dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors, etc.) are used in
cancer treatments, mTOR resistance mechanisms may inhibit the efficacy of these
drugs. Therefore, new inhibition approaches are developed. Although these new
inhibition approaches have not been widely investigated in cancer treatment, the use of
nanoparticles has been evaluated as a new treatment option in a few types of cancer.

:
This review outlines the functions of mTOR in the cancer process, its resistance
mechanisms, and the efficiency of mTOR inhibitors in cancer treatment. Furthermore, it
discusses the next-generation mTOR inhibitors and inhibition strategies created using
nanoparticles.

:
Since mTOR resistance mechanisms prevent the effects of mTOR inhibitors used in
cancer treatments, new inhibition strategies should be developed. Inhibition approaches
are created using nanoparticles, and one of them offers a promising treatment option
with evidence supporting its effectiveness.
An Up-to-date Review on Protein-based Nanocarriers in the Management
of Cancer
Authors: Almalki Waleed H. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
A big health issue facing the world's population is cancer. An alarming increase
in cancer patients was anticipated by worldwide demographic statistics, which showed that the
number of patients with different malignancies was rapidly increasing. By 2025, probably 420 million
cases were projected to be achieved. The most common cancers diagnosed are breast, colorectal, prostate,
and lung. Conventional treatments, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, have
been practiced.

Objective:
In recent years, the area of cancer therapy has changed dramatically with expanded studies
on the molecular-level detection and treatment of cancer. Recent advances in cancer research have seen
significant advances in therapies such as chemotherapy and immunotherapy, although both have limitations
in effectiveness and toxicity.

Methods:
The development of nanotechnology for anticancer drug delivery has developed several potentials
as nanocarriers, which may boost the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of the drug
product and substantially reduce the side effects.

Results:
The advancement in non-viral to viral-based protein-based nanocarriers for treating cancer has
earned further recognition in this respect. Many scientific breakthroughs have relied on protein-based
nanocarriers, and proteins are essential organic macromolecules for life. It allows targeted delivery of
passive or active tumors using non-viral-based protein-based nanocarriers to viral-based protein
nanocarriers. When targeting cancer cells, both animal and plant proteins may be used in a formulation
process to create self-assembled viruses and platforms that can successfully eradicate metastatic cancer
cells.

Conclusion:
This review, therefore, explores in depth the applications of non-viral to viral proteinbased
noncarriers with a specific focus on intracellular drug delivery and anti-cancer drug targeting
ability.
The Experiences of Families Raising an Autistic Child: A Rapid Review
Authors: Phetoe Boitumelo K. , Coetzee Heleen K. , Erasmus Petro , Tsabedze Wandile F. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Autism is becoming more prominent in South Africa and in the rest of the world. A family raising an autistic child plays a key role in the treatment and lifelong management. This responsibility goes with demanding challenges, which are unique to every child and situation. A deeper understanding of the psychosocial experiences and impact of autism and its symptoms on the involved families is ultimately essential in the development of relevant and scientifically based interventions and support programmes.

Objectives:
The aim of this review was to conduct a rapid review to explore, synthesise, and integrate existing scientific literature on the pre- and post-diagnostic psychosocial experiences of families that raise an autistic child.

Methods:
A comprehensive and systematic keywords search were conducted, and 142 relevant studies were found. These studies were then screened for relevance with regard to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Nine articles, published between 2008 and 2018, were identified for final inclusion in the study. Data were analysed using a thematic synthesis approach.

Results:
The thematic synthesis revealed three main themes and ten sub-themes that were anchored on families’ psychosocial experiences of raising an autistic child, both pre- and post-diagnosis. The themes include psychological experiences (emotions experienced, grieving process, parenting, and family dynamics), social experiences (lack of support services, and social awareness), and psychosocial coping strategies (isolation, information seeking, meaning-making, and support system).

Conclusion:
The analyses and synthesis of the identified articles indicated that the identified psychosocial experiences of families raising an autistic child were multidimensional and fit well within a contextual and systemic perspective. The family quality of life (FQOL) framework provides a positive approach that seeks to improve and optimise the quality of life of families that raise a child with a disability. It is recommended that families need to be informed of services available for autism and psychosocially supported so that they feel empowered to deal with the challenges at hand.
Development and Characterization of a Gel Formulation Containing
Golden Cherry Exosomes (Physalis minima) as a Potential Anti-Photoaging
Authors: Setiadi Vincent Evan , Adlia Amirah , Barlian Anggraini , Ayuningtyas Fitria Dwi , Rachmawati Heni 
Published: May 2023

Aim:
The present study aims to produce a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of
photoaging.

Background:
Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PDENs) are nano-sized vesicles containing biomolecules
released by multivesicular bodies. Recently, studies have shown the efficacy of exosomes in
treating photoaging through increasing collagen synthesis and decreasing collagen degradation. In addition,
some PDENs were also proven to contain bioactive metabolites, which also have potential antioxidant
activity to mitigate the risk of photoaging.

Objective:
Formulating and developing a gel and incorporating it with exosomes derived from golden
cherry (Physalis minima).

Methods:
The formulation was developed by first preparing various base formulations with different
compositions and selecting the best through evaluation tests. The results showed that only polymer base
natrosol with a concentration of 0.25% was suitable for incorporating exosomes. The selected base was
then incorporated with various concentrations of golden cherry exosomes and was evaluated regarding
its physical and stability profile.

Result:
The result demonstrates that the incorporated gel displayed pleasant organoleptic properties
and a pH compatible with the skin, with pseudoplastic flow and a suitable viscosity for topical application.
The stability study also only revealed minor changes in viscosity and pH without affecting the
general stability of the formulation. Formulation incorporating 0.25% golden cherry exosomes had
shown the best stability profile compared to other concentrations. On characterization, although the incorporated
exosomes showed heterogeneous particle size distribution (PI &gt; 0.3), they still maintained
their structural integrity. In addition, the incorporated exosomes showed antioxidant activity with
IC50 of 372.435 μg/mL, which can help mitigate the risk of photoaging.

Conclusion:
Golden cherry exosomes have been successfully incorporated into gel and, thus, can be potentially
utilized as a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of photoaging.
The Effectiveness of Digital Apps Providing Personalized Exercise Videos: Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis
Authors: Davergne Thomas , Meidinger Philippe , Dechartres Agnès , Gossec Laure 
Published: May 2023

Background
Among available digital apps, those providing personalized video exercises may be helpful for individuals undergoing functional rehabilitation.

Objective
We aimed to assess the effectiveness of apps providing personalized video exercises to support rehabilitation for people with short- and long-term disabling conditions, on functional capacity, confidence in exercise performance, health care consumption, health-related quality of life, adherence, and adverse events.

Methods
In this systematic review, we searched MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and Embase databases up to March 2022. All randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of apps providing personalized video exercises to support rehabilitation for any condition requiring physical rehabilitation were included. Selection, extraction, and risk of bias assessment were performed by 2 independent reviewers. The primary outcome was functional capacity at the end of the intervention. The secondary outcomes included confidence in exercise performance, care consumption, health-related quality of life, adherence, and adverse events. A meta-analysis was performed where possible; the magnitude of the effect was assessed with the standardized mean difference (SMD).

Results
From 1641 identified references, 10 papers (n=1050 participants, 93% adults) were included: 7 papers (n=906 participants) concerned musculoskeletal disorders and 3 (n=144 participants) concerned neurological disorders. Two (n=332 participants) were employee based. The apps were mostly commercial (7/10); the videos were mostly elaborated on by a physiotherapist (8/10). The duration of app use was 3-48 weeks. All included studies had a high overall risk of bias. Low-quality evidence suggested that the use of apps providing personalized video exercises led to a significant small to moderate improvement in physical function (SMD 0.35, 95% CI 0.19-0.51; Phet=.86; I2=0%) and confidence in exercise performance (SMD 0.67; 95% CI 0.37-0.96; Phet=.22; I2=33%). Because of the very low quality of the evidence, the effects on quality of life and exercise adherence were uncertain. Apps did not influence the rate of adverse events.

Conclusions
Apps providing personalized video exercises to support exercise performance significantly improved physical function and confidence in exercise performance. However, the level of evidence was low; more robust studies are needed to confirm these results.

Trial Registration
PROSPERO CRD42022323670; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=323670
Forecasting Artificial Intelligence Trends in Health Care: Systematic International Patent Analysis
Authors: Benjamens Stan , Dhunnoo Pranavsingh , Görög Márton , Mesko Bertalan 
Published: May 2023

Background
Artificial intelligence (AI)– and machine learning (ML)–based medical devices and algorithms are rapidly changing the medical field. To provide an insight into the trends in AI and ML in health care, we conducted an international patent analysis.

Objective
It is pivotal to obtain a clear overview on upcoming AI and MLtrends in health care to provide regulators with a better position to foresee what technologies they will have to create regulations for, which are not yet available on the market. Therefore, in this study, we provide insights and forecasts into the trends in AI and ML in health care by conducting an international patent analysis.

Methods
A systematic patent analysis, focusing on AI- and ML-based patents in health care, was performed using the Espacenet database (from January 2012 until July 2022). This database includes patents from the China National Intellectual Property Administration, European Patent Office, Japan Patent Office, Korean Intellectual Property Office, and the United States Patent and Trademark Office.

Results
We identified 10,967 patents: 7332 (66.9%) from the China National Intellectual Property Administration, 191 (1.7%) from the European Patent Office, 163 (1.5%) from the Japan Patent Office, 513 (4.7%) from the Korean Intellectual Property Office, and 2768 (25.2%) from the United States Patent and Trademark Office. The number of published patents showed a yearly doubling from 2015 until 2021. Five international companies that had the greatest impact on this increase were Ping An Medical and Healthcare Management Co Ltd with 568 (5.2%) patents, Siemens Healthineers with 273 (2.5%) patents, IBM Corp with 226 (2.1%) patents, Philips Healthcare with 150 (1.4%) patents, and Shanghai United Imaging Healthcare Co Ltd with 144 (1.3%) patents.

Conclusions
This international patent analysis showed a linear increase in patents published by the 5 largest patent offices. An open access database with interactive search options was launched for AI- and ML-based patents in health care.
PENGARUH PEMANASAN TERHADAP KUAT TEKAN MORTAR GEOPOLYMER
Authors: Kurniawan Beny , Mokhtar Ali 
Published: May 2023

Geopolymer merupakan produk beton geosintetik dimana reaksi pengikatan yang terjadi adalah reaksi polimerisasi. Dalam reaksi polimerisasi, Alumunium (Al) dan Silika (Si) mempunyai peranan penting dalam ikatan polimerisasi. Geopolymer telah banyak diteliti, beberapa peneliti telah membuktikan bahwa suhu panas sangat berdampak terhadap ikatan yang terjadi pada mortar geopolymer. Suhu panas akan memperkuat reaksi senyawa, sehingga kuat tekan dari mortar geopolymer akan meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan suhu dan lama pemanasan yang diberikan. Pada penelitian digunakan metode lama pemanasan dengan suhu 60°C. Varisi lama pemanasan yang digunakan yaitu 3, 6, 18, dan 24 jam . Mortar yang digunakan yaitu mortar geopolymer berukuran 5 x 5 x 5 cm, berbahan dasar fly ash type C dengan water solid ratio sebesar 0,35. Molaritas yang digunakan 12 M dan 14 M dengan perbandingan Na2Si03 : NaOH yaitu 1,5 : 1. Uji yang digunakan yakni uji kuat tekan. Kuat tekan maksimum yang dihasilkan mortar geopolymer 12 M pada usia 28 hari adalah pada lama pemanasan 24 jam dengan suhu 60°C yaitu sebesar 59,86 MPa. Sedangkan pada mortar geopolymer 14 M adalah pada lama pemanasan 3 jam dengan suhu 60°C yaitu sebesar 63,66 MPa. Lama pemanasan paling optimum yang didapatkan dari penelitian yaitu 7 jam 12 menit.Kata kunci: Geopolymer, pemanasan, kuat tekan, mortar.