bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The response prediction and prognostic values of systemic inflammation response index in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zuo Ran , Zhu Fuyi , Zhang Cuicui , Ma Jincheng , Chen Jinliang , Yue Ping , Cui Jinfang , Wang Yu , Chen Peng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to assess the response prediction and prognostic values of different peripheral blood cell biomarkers for advanced lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients receiving first‐line therapy.MethodsPatients diagnosed with advanced LUAD as well as healthy controls and patients with benign pulmonary diseases were collected in this retrospective study. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed in a 1:1 ratio. Survival state was estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method and the Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess the prognostic factors.ResultsCompared with the control groups, the level of peripheral blood leucocyte, neutrophil, monocyte, platelet, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, monocyte to lymphocyte ratio, platelet to lymphocyte ratio, and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) were higher in LUAD patients (all p < 0.001). Some inflammatory markers decreased at the time of optimal response and then increased again as the disease progressed. Multivariate analysis revealed that SIRI and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were independent prognostic factors no matter before or after PSM analysis. Area under the curve (AUC) of SIRI and LDH were 0.625 (p < 0.001) and 0.596 (p = 0.008), respectively. When SIRI and LDH were combined, the AUC reached 0.649 (p < 0.001).ConclusionsPretreatment SIRI was an independent prognostic factor of progression free survival (PFS) in advanced LUAD patients. Dynamic monitoring of inflammatory index changes could help to predict therapeutic efficacy. The combination of SIRI and LDH is expected to be a promising clinically accessible biomarker in the future.
Longitudinal examination of high‐risk drinking contexts: Daytime drinking, pregaming, and drinking games linked to high‐risk alcohol use and negative consequences in young adults
Authors: Graupensperger Scott , Calhoun Brian H. , Fleming Charles N. , Patrick Megan E. , Lee Christine M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe contexts in which young adults drink alcohol play a salient role in alcohol‐related outcomes and negative consequences at an event‐level, but less is known about longitudinal risks. We collected longitudinal monthly data across 2 years on (a) daytime drinking, (b) pregaming/pre‐partying, and (c) playing drinking games. We then examined associations between drinking in these contexts and within‐person variability in alcohol consumption, consequences, and simultaneous alcohol and marijuana (SAM) use in a given month. We also examined the extent to which drinking in these contexts predicted hazardous drinking (using Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scores) at a distal follow‐up timepoint, controlling for baseline AUDIT scores.MethodA community sample of 759 young adults (Mage = 21.1 years; 56.4% female) completed monthly surveys for 24 consecutive months and a distal 30‐month follow‐up. Multilevel models estimated within‐ and between‐person associations between drinking context frequencies (daytime drinking, pregaming, drinking games) and alcohol‐related outcomes (weekly consumption, consequences, SAM use). A single‐level negative binomial regression tested associations between drinking context frequency averages across a two‐year period and changes in AUDIT scores from baseline to a follow‐up 2.5 years later.ResultsOver 75% of the sample of non‐abstaining young adults reported drinking in each of the three contexts at least once during the 24‐month period. Within‐persons, young adults reported greater consumption, more negative consequences, and increased likelihood of SAM use during months that they drank in these contexts more often than usual. Each context was associated with negative consequences, even when controlling for alcohol use frequency. More frequent daytime drinking and pregaming, but not drinking games, were associated with increases in AUDIT scores at the 30‐month follow‐up, suggesting that there are potential long‐term risks of drinking in these contexts.ConclusionsFindings suggest that daytime drinking, pregaming, and playing drinking games are high‐risk contexts in terms of month‐to‐month and long‐term risks. Additional research is needed on the various contexts in which young adults drink alcohol and the extent to which contextual factors interact with one another to amplify/reduce risks and harms.
The future of food allergy: Challenging existing paradigms of clinical practice
Authors: Anagnostou Aikaterini , Lieberman Jay , Greenhawt Matthew , Mack Douglas Paul , Santos Alexandra F. , Venter Carina , Stukus David , Turner Paul J. , Brough Helen A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe field of food allergy has seen tremendous change over the past 5–10 years with seminal studies redefining our approach to prevention and management and novel testing modalities in the horizon. Early introduction of allergenic foods is now recommended, challenging the previous paradigm of restrictive avoidance. The management of food allergy has shifted from a passive avoidance approach to active interventions that aim to provide protection from accidental exposures, decrease allergic reaction severity and improve the quality of life of food‐allergic patients and their families. Additionally, novel diagnostic tools are making their way into clinical practice with the goal to reduce the need for food challenges and assist physicians in the—often complex—diagnostic process. With all the new developments and available choices for diagnosis, prevention and therapy, shared decision‐making has become a key part of medical consultation, enabling patients to make the right choice for them, based on their values and preferences. Communication with patients has also become more complex over time, as patients are seeking advice online and through social media, but the information found online may be outdated, incorrect, or lacking in context. The role of the allergist has evolved to embrace all the above exciting developments and provide patients with the optimal care that fits their needs. In this review, we discuss recent developments as well as the evolution of the field of food allergy in the next decade.
Utility assessment of virtual reality technology in orthopaedic surgical training
Authors: Le Allan , Lambers Anton Philip , Fraval Andrew , Hardidge Andrew , Balakumar Jitendra 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundVirtual reality (VR) has proved to be a useful technology beyond the field of surgery in areas that are highly dependent on consolidating motor tasks. Despite being reliant on these skills, the uptake of VR in orthopaedics has been extremely limited. Therefore, this study's purpose was to help assess the utility of applying this technology in teaching different experience levels of orthopaedic training. Secondary objectives were to assess enjoyability and feasibility to complete modules prior to surgery.MethodsThe study explored which experience level of orthopaedic trainee benefits the most from the proposed haptic VR package. Participants completed a total hip arthroplasty module using the Fundamental Surgery package. Qualitative data was collected in the form of a post completion survey of 24 participants. Quantitative data was collected in the form of module completion time and percentage of skills completed.Results37.5% of participants rated non‐training orthopaedic registrars as the experience level that would benefit the most from using VR. 88% of participants would recommend this module to a colleague and found the module very enjoyable (4.2 out of 5). 50% of participants took between 25 and 31.5 min to finish and completed between 80% and 95% of tasks in the module.ConclusionsThe study demonstrated that non‐training orthopaedic registrars were most likely to benefit using this particular VR package. Most users found the experience to be enjoyable and would recommend it to a colleague. It was also deemed feasible to complete the module prior to performing an operation.
Is low‐dose tadalafil better than tamsulosin? A randomized controlled trial in shockwave lithotripsy for solitary upper tract calculi
Authors: Sadanala Madhuri Evangeline , Dangi Anuj Deep , Rajendran Geetha , Balavendra Antonisamy , Annadurai Subramanian , Mukha Rajiv Paul , Singh J. Chandra , Devasia Antony , Kumar Santosh 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveTo ascertain whether low‐dose tadalafil (5 mg) is more efficient than tamsulosin (0.4 mg) in facilitating calculus expulsion in those receiving extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for solitary upper urinary tract calculi.Patients and MethodsThis was a triple‐blinded, prospective, superiority, randomized controlled, single‐centre trial. A total of 250 patients with solitary renal or ureteric calculus measuring 6–24 mm were randomized (1:1) to receive either 0.4 mg tamsulosin or 5 mg tadalafil daily for 30 days or until calculus clearance, whichever was earlier.ResultsThere was no difference in the primary outcome, namely, calculus expulsion rate at 30 days (tamsulosin vs tadalafil, n (%) 99 [81.1%] vs 98 [80.3%] respectively, 95% confidence interval = 0.8% [−9.0, 10.7], P = 0.874). Similarly, a lack of difference was also noted in the secondary outcome, number of days to expulsion (tamsulosin vs tadalafil, geometric mean [SD] 13.59 [2.39] vs 13.74 [2.39] respectively, P = 0.928). Four patients discontinued the drug due to adverse drug reactions in the tadalafil group.ConclusionsLow‐dose tadalafil is not superior to tamsulosin in improving calculus expulsion when used as an adjunct to shockwave lithotripsy. In this study, we also noted that tadalafil was less tolerated.
BiZact™ tonsillectomy: Predictive factors for post‐tonsillectomy haemorrhage from a 1717 case series
Authors: Mao Boyuan , Woods Charmaine M. , Athanasiadis Theodore , MacFarlane Patricia , Boase Samuel , Joshi Himani , Wood John , Ooi Eng H. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo determine primary and secondary post‐tonsillectomy haemorrhage (PTH) rates and identify predictive factors in a cohort of consecutive adult and paediatric BiZact™ tonsillectomy cases.SettingRetrospective cohort study. Patients from Flinders Medical Centre, Noarlunga Hospital and private otolaryngology practices who underwent BiZact™ tonsillectomy from 2017 to 2020. Data collected: patient age, indication for tonsillectomy, surgeon experience, time and severity of PTH, including return to theatre. Each secondary PTH was graded using the Stammberger classification. Logistic regression was utilised to identify predictors of secondary PTH.ResultsOne thousand seven hundred and seventeen patient medical records were assessed (658 adults and 1059 children). The primary PTH rate was 0.1%, and secondary PTH rate was 5.9%. The majority of secondary PTH cases were Stammberger grade A (80/102, 78.4%) requiring observation only. Few secondary PTH required medical intervention (grade B; 9/102, 8.8%), return to theatre (grade C; 12/102, 11.8%), or blood transfusion (grade D; 1/102, 1.0%), with no death reported (grade E; 0/102, 0.0%). Recurrent secondary PTH occurred in 8 patients (0.5%). Predictive factors of secondary PTH in children were surgeon experience with trainees having greater chance of PTH (OR 2.502, 95% CI 1.345–4.654; p = .004) and age of child (OR 1.095, 95% CI 1.025–1.170; p = .007). Surgeon experience was a predictive factor for adults (OR 3.804, 95% CI 2.139–6.674; p < .001).ConclusionsBiZact™ tonsillectomy has a low primary PTH rate, with a secondary PTH rate comparable to other ‘hot tonsillectomy’ techniques. The majority of PTH events were minor and self‐reported. There appears to be a learning curve for trainee surgeons.
Can preoperative CT/MR enterography preclude the development of Crohn's disease‐like pouch complications in ulcerative colitis patients undergoing J pouch surgery?
Authors: Freund Michael R. , Horesh Nir , Meyer Ryan , Garoufalia Zoe , Gefen Rachel , Emile Sameh Hany , Wexner Steven D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimWe aimed to determine whether ulcerative colitis patients with preoperative negative computed tomography or magnetic resonance enterography (CTE/MRE) were less likely to develop Crohn's disease‐like pouch complications (CDLPC) and establish risk factors and predictors for developing CDLPC.MethodsThis was a single centre retrospective analysis of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and inflammatory bowel disease unclassified (IBDU) who underwent total proctocolectomy with ileal J‐pouch between January 2010 and December 2020. The study group comprised patients with negative preoperative CTE/MRE and the control group included patients operated without preoperative CTE/MRE.ResultsA total of 131 patients were divided into the negative CTE/MRE study group (76 [58%] patients) and control group (55 [42%] patients). There were no significant differences in incidence rates (21% vs. 23.6%, p = 0.83), time to developing CDLPC from ileostomy closure (22.3 vs. 23.8 months; p = 0.81), pouchitis rates (23.6% vs. 27.2%; p = 0.68), or pouch failure rates (5.2 vs. 7.2; p = 0.71). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed backwash ileitis (HR 4.1; p = 0.03, CI: 1.1–15.1), severe pouchitis (HR 3.4; p = 0.039, CI: 1.0–10.9), and history of perianal disease (HR 3.4; p = 0.017, CI: 1.4–39.6) were independent predictors for CDLPC.ConclusionsNegative findings on MRE/CTE prior to J‐pouch surgery in ulcerative colitis should be interpreted with caution as it is does not reliably exclude or predict development of CDLPC. These patients should be preoperatively counselled concerning the possibility of developing CDLPC regardless of lack of positive findings on preoperative CTE/MRE. Patients with backwash ileitis with a previous history of perianal disease should be informed of the potentially increased risk of developing such complications.
Will we ever be the same again? The mental health impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on health care staff and institutions
Authors: De Kock Johannes H. , Latham Helen Ann 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAs a group, health care workers (HCWs) were vulnerable to poor mental health (MH) prior to the COVID‐19 pandemic. The added burdens of COVID‐19 have put extra stressors on the health system and its most precious resource—its workers. This pandemic has exacerbated already poor MH in HCWs, leading to a workforce that is burnt out and struggling to cope with growing demands. Throughout the COVID‐19 pandemic, risk factors for poor HCW mental health have been identified. The changes in practices brought about by the COVID‐19 pandemic and identified as risk factors for poor MH that were experienced in other areas of health care and medical establishments were also witnessed by HCWs working in cytology. Indeed, all health care staff have been affected by this pandemic, and we now know that MH problems in HCWs are negatively impacting the public health response to the COVID‐19 pandemic and its aftermath as they adversely influence quality of care. The question is then rightfully asked: Will we, as health care staff working in medical establishments, ever be the same again, or has COVID‐19 forever changed our working lives? Fortunately, protective factors and multi‐level interventions associated with adaptive MH outcomes during the COVID‐19 pandemic have also been identified. In this article, we conclude that whilst working life is unlikely to return to pre‐pandemic practices, the health care system now has an opportunity to promote individual and systemic growth by adhering to the principles that protect HCWs' MH and mitigate burnout during these challenging times.
Colour perception changes with basic colour word comprehension
Authors: Forbes Samuel H. , Plunkett Kim 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRecent work has investigated the origin of infant colour categories, showing pre‐linguistic infants categorise colour even in the absence of colour words. These infant categories are similar but not identical to adult categories, giving rise to an important question about how infant colour perception changes with the learning of colour words. Here we present two novel paradigms in which 12‐ and 19‐month‐old participants learning English as their first language were assessed on their perception of colour, while data on their colour word comprehension were also collected. Results indicate that participants' perception of colours close to the colour category boundaries dramatically change after colour word learning. The results highlight the shift made from infant colour categories to adult‐like linguistically mediated colour categories that accompanies colour word learning.Research Highlights
We aimed to test whether colour perception is linguistically mediated in infants.
We used novel eye‐tracking and pupillometry paradigms to test infant colour perception either side of learning colour words.
Infants' discrimination of colour changes after learning colour words, suggesting a shift due to colour word learning.
A shift from pre‐linguistic colour representation to linguistically mediated colour representation is discussed.
Screening for the prevalence of rheumatic heart disease among school children in Egypt
Authors: Fareed Ahmed , Saleh Omar , Maklady Fathy 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn low‐income nations, Rheumatic valvular heart disease remains a major cause of morbidity and premature deaths. Accurate prevalence data in Egypt are still lacking yet highly desirable to facilitate health care planning.MethodologyAn cluster sample of school children in eastern Egyptian Governorates was examined clinically and echocardiographically (using abbreviated protocol) for detection of rheumatic valvular heart disease based on 2012 World Heart Federation criteria (the Doppler and the morphological criteria) for diagnosis. According to echocardiography interpretation, participants were categorized as having definite rheumatic heart disease (RHD), borderline RHD or no RHD.ResultsA total of 1680 students aged between 6 and 18 years were screened, 119 echocardiographic studies were non‐interpretable; so, a total of 1560 studies were evaluated. From the total screened students, 1560 studies were adequate and interpretable according to the criteria specified in the methods section. This revealed a prevalence of 2.3% of the sample with RHD without adding the equivocal cases. The most prevalent lesion as detected by echocardiography was mitral regurgitation (29% of definite RHD cases).ConclusionRheumatic valvular heart disease remains prevalent in Egypt and the findings of this study should influence early detection, primary and secondary prevention, and adequate future national health plans.
Predicting seizure outcome after epilepsy surgery: Do we need more complex models, larger samples, or better data?
Authors: Eriksson Maria H. , Ripart Mathilde , Piper Rory J. , Moeller Friederike , Das Krishna B. , Eltze Christin , Cooray Gerald , Booth John , Whitaker Kirstie J. , Chari Aswin , Martin Sanfilippo Patricia , Perez Caballero Ana , Menzies Lara , McTague Amy , Tisdall Martin M. , Cross J. Helen , Baldeweg Torsten , Adler Sophie , Wagstyl Konrad 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe accurate prediction of seizure freedom after epilepsy surgery remains challenging. We investigated if (1) training more complex models, (2) recruiting larger sample sizes, or (3) using data‐driven selection of clinical predictors would improve our ability to predict postoperative seizure outcome using clinical features. We also conducted the first substantial external validation of a machine learning model trained to predict postoperative seizure outcome.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of 797 children who had undergone resective or disconnective epilepsy surgery at a tertiary center. We extracted patient information from medical records and trained three models—a logistic regression, a multilayer perceptron, and an XGBoost model—to predict 1‐year postoperative seizure outcome on our data set. We evaluated the performance of a recently published XGBoost model on the same patients. We further investigated the impact of sample size on model performance, using learning curve analysis to estimate performance at samples up to N = 2000. Finally, we examined the impact of predictor selection on model performance.ResultsOur logistic regression achieved an accuracy of 72% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 68%–75%, area under the curve [AUC] = .72), whereas our multilayer perceptron and XGBoost both achieved accuracies of 71% (95% CIMLP = 67%–74%, AUCMLP = .70; 95% CIXGBoost own = 68%–75%, AUCXGBoost own = .70). There was no significant difference in performance between our three models (all p > .4) and they all performed better than the external XGBoost, which achieved an accuracy of 63% (95% CI = 59%–67%, AUC = .62; pLR = .005, pMLP = .01, pXGBoost own = .01) on our data. All models showed improved performance with increasing sample size, but limited improvements beyond our current sample. The best model performance was achieved with data‐driven feature selection.SignificanceWe show that neither the deployment of complex machine learning models nor the assembly of thousands of patients alone is likely to generate significant improvements in our ability to predict postoperative seizure freedom. We instead propose that improved feature selection alongside collaboration, data standardization, and model sharing is required to advance the field.
Genomic insights into local adaptation in the Asiatic toad Bufo gargarizans, and its genomic offset to climate warming
Authors: Zhang Lu‐Wen , Chen Jun‐Qiong , Zhao Ru‐Meng , Zhong Jun , Lin Long‐Hui , Li Hong , Ji Xiang , Qu Yan‐Fu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGenomic signatures of local adaptation have been identified in many species but remain sparsely studied in amphibians. Here, we explored genome‐wide divergence within the Asiatic toad, Bufo gargarizans, to study local adaptation and genomic offset (i.e., the mismatch between current and future genotype‐environment relationships) under climate warming scenarios. We obtained high‐quality SNP data for 94 Asiatic toads from 21 populations in China to study spatial patterns of genomic variation, local adaptation, and genomic offset to warming in this wide‐ranging species. Population structure and genetic diversity analysis based on high‐quality SNPs revealed three clusters of B. gargarizans in the western, central‐eastern, and northeastern portions of the species' range in China. Populations generally dispersed along two migration routes, one from the west to the central‐east and one from the central‐east to the northeast. Both genetic diversity and pairwise FST were climatically correlated, and pairwise FST was also correlated with geographic distance. Spatial genomic patterns in B. gargarizans were determined by the local environment and geographic distance. Global warming will increase the extirpation risk of B. gargarizans.