bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary development of radiotherapy technologies in locally advanced cervical cancer
Authors: Солодкий Владимир Алексеевич , Титова Вера Алексеевна , Паньшин Георгий Александрович 
Published: March 2023

За последние два десятилетия парадигмы лучевой терапии полностью перешли от двумерного подхода (2D), основанного исключительно на анатомических костных ориентирах, к трехмерному (3D) индивидуальному дозиметрическому планированию под визуальным контролем, принимая во внимание различия в размере, положении опухоли и органов риска (ОР) для более точного подведения очаговых доз к клиническим мишеням с одновременным максимальным щажением ОР. В данной статье кратко представлены достижения в области дистанционной лучевой терапии (ДЛТ) и автоматизированной брахитерапии (БТ) для лечения местнораспространенного рака шейки матки. При этом, акцентировано внимание на исторической эволюции от технологий 2D-лучевой терапии к 3D-конформной лучевой терапии (3D CRT) с последующим переходом к лучевой терапии с модулированной интенсивностью (IMRT), которая в настоящее время становится стандартом планирования и реализации ДЛТ. Обсуждены достижения БТ, в частности, эволюция от манчестерской системы БТ в условиях низкой мощности дозы излучения до внедряемой в настоящее время адаптивной БТ под трехмерным визуальным контролем (3D-IGABT). В этом контексте уделено внимание недавно проведенным крупным когортным исследованиям, которые показали значительное улучшение местного контроля (МК) и снижение токсичности, связанной с применением технологии 3D-IGABT. Наконец, кратко отмечены и другие технологические достижения в лучевой терапии инвазивного местнораспространенного рака шейки матки.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN PARITAS DENGAN KUNJUNGAN KELAS IBU HAMIL DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS MUARA KELINGI KABUPATEN MUSI RAWAS
Authors: OKLAINI SUHITA TRI , NENI RIFDA , SARI RURI MAISEPTYA , NENGSIH DEWI APRILIA , APRIANI WAYTHERLIS , BR SIREGAR TUTIK ISMIYATI 
Published: March 2023

Kelas Ibu Hamil adalah kelompok belajar ibu-ibu hamil dengan umur kehamilan antara 20 minggu s/d 36 minggu (menjelang persalinan) dengan jumlah peserta maksimal 10 responden. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari hubungan pengetahuan dan paritas dengan kunjungan kelas ibu hamil di wilayah kerja puskesmas Muara Kelingi Kabupaten Musi Rawas. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Survey Analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu nifas di wilayah kerja puskesmas Muara Kelingi sebanyak 38 responden. Responden diambil dengan cara total sampling. Pengumpulan data yaitu menggunakan data skunder dan primer. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji Chi-Square (χ2), Uji Contingency Coefficient (C) dan Ratio Prevalen (RP). Hasil penelitian didapatkan: Dari 38 responden kunjungan kelas ibu hamil < 4 kali berjumlah 12 responden dan ≥ 4 kali berjumlah 26 responden; pengetahuan kurang berjumlah 6 responden, pengetahuan cukup berjumlah 16 responden dan pengetahuan baik berjumlah 16 responden; parita grandemultipara berjumlah 5 responden, multipara berjumlah 27 responden dan primipara berjumlah 6 responden; Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan dengan kunjungan kelas ibu hamil di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Muara Kelingi Kabupaten Musi Rawas, dengan kategori hubungan erat dan Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara paritas dengan kunjungan kelas ibu hamil di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Muara Kelingi Kabupaten Musi Rawas, dengan kategori hubungan sedang. Diharapkan pada pihak puskesmas untuk meningkatkan pemahaman ibu hamil tentang pentingnya kunjungan kelas ibu hamil selama kehamilan baik dengan melakukan seminar, penyuluhan dan pembagian sebebaran yang dilakukan baik di Puskesmas, Posyandu maupun kelas ibu hamil.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF COVID-19 CASES IN GORONTALO CITY (CASE STUDY OF KOTA TENGAH SUBDISTRICT)
Authors: Amalia Lia , Mokodompis Yasir 
Published: March 2023

Coronavirus Disease or COVID-19, is still a concern around the world. COVID-19 is a new disease that was previously unknown before it finally appeared in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. A new strain of coronavirus causes COVID-19, The Novel Coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV), and is officially named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV- 2). The novelty of this study is to analyze the epidemiology of Covid-19 cases in Gorontalo City. The purpose of this study is to analyze the epidemiology of Covid 19 disease in Gorontalo City. The type of research used is an observational survey with a descriptive approach. The population and samples are all covid 19 patients in 2020 â€“ 2022 who live in the Puskesmas Kota Tengah area, Kota Tengah Subdistrict, Gorontalo City. The sampling technique is Purposive Sampling. The results showed the highest prevalence of covid 19 in 2021 was 2.3%, the frequency distribution of covid 19 sufferers by the highest sex in 2021 was 344 people (55.6%), the frequency distribution based on the age group of covid 19 sufferers was highest in 2022 age group 25-29 years as many as 25 people (23.6%), frequency distribution based on the month of the highest incidence in 2022 February as many as 67 people (63.2%),Â frequency distribution based on the highest residence in 2020 residences in Pulubala Village were 76 people (25.0%) and the highest CFR in 2021 was 3.6%. The Conclusion is the prevalence of covid-19 in 2020 was 1.1%, there was an increase in covid-19 cases in 2021 to 2.3%, and there was a decrease in mid-2022 with a prevalence of 0.4%.Keywords: Covid-19; Epidemiology; People; Place; Time.Â
Standing up for a Healthier Future for the Next Generation
Authors: Daga Sneha 
Published: March 2023

Food poverty is a real issue in the modern United Kingdom and one that adversely affects children leading to a long-lasting impact on their future health. This has been further complicated by the COVID-19 pandemic,[1] the economic recession and the cost-of-living crisis. Increasing numbers of families are struggling to pay their bills whilst being forced to choose between buying essential food for their children. Many children are going hungry in schools with inadequate provisions for free meals. The concept of eating healthily is understandably low in priority, and healthy, affordable food is scarce. There is the additional element of the impact of an unequal society and inherent biases, which affects families and children from marginalised communities far more.
What is our role as young people growing up in modern, multi-cultural Britain? What meaningful contribution can we make to achieving a fair and just society, that we read about in our school lessons? This opinion piece will explore some of the ways we as young people, can make a difference in our own communities and neighbourhoods. There are lessons to be learnt from such role models as young activists such as Malala Yousafzai, Greta Thunberg and Licypriya Kangujam.
Od kakovosti tal do ekosistemskih storitev tal
Authors: Suhadolc Marjetka , Govednik Anton , Turniški Rok , Grčman Helena 
Published: March 2023

Kakovost tal lahko definiramo kot kontinuirano sposobnost tal za zagotavljanje ekosistemskih storitev (ES). Znanost o tleh prepoznava pet glavnih funkcij tal, ki zagotavljajo ES: (i) primarna produkcija, (ii) čiščenje in uravnavanje vode, (iii) skladiščenje ogljika in uravnavanje podnebja, (iv) biotska pestrost in zagotavljanje habitatov ter (v) zagotavljanje in kroženje hranil. ES ocenjujemo po naslednjih pristopih: (i) na podlagi kazalnikov, pri katerih ocene ES tal temeljijo na poenostavljenih približkih izbranih lastnosti tal; (ii) na empiričnih povezavah med lastnostmi tal in funkcijami tal (statični pristop) in (iii) na podlagi modeliranja talnih procesov v času (dinamični pristop). Število modelov in orodij za ocenjevanje ES tal narašča, vendar pa je vprašljivo, v kolikšni meri se ocene približajo realni porazdelitvi in zastopanosti posamezne ES v prostoru. Nujni so kakovostni vhodni podatki o tleh, izbor robustnih kazalnikov kakovosti tal za ocenjevanje ES in nadaljnji razvoj modelov ter orodij za ocenjevanje funkcij tal in ES v smeri zmanjševanja negotovosti. Slovenija šele postavlja koncept ES tal, zato je namen prispevka na osnovi pregleda literature osvetliti razvoj konceptov in pristopov njihovega ocenjevanja v mednarodnem prostoru. //
From soil quality to soil ecosystem services
Soil quality is defined as the continued capacity of soils to provide ecosystem services (ES). Soil science identifies five main soil functions that provide ES: (i) primary production, (ii) water purification and regulation, (iii) carbon sequestration and climate regulation, (iv) biodiversity and habitat provision, and (v) provisioning and nutrient cycling. Three categories of ES assessments can be distinguished: (i) indicator approaches that use simplified approximations based on key soil properties as indicators, (ii) static approaches that apply empirical relationships to link soil properties to soil functions, and (iii) dynamic approaches that apply biophysical methods to integrate soil, climate, and environmental factors to model soil processes over time. Many decision-support tools have emerged, but the extent to which estimates of ES approximate the actual distribution and representation of each ES in space is questionable. High-quality soil input data, selection of robust soil quality indicators for ES assessment, and further development of models and tools for assessing soil functions and ES to reduce uncertainty are essential. Slovenia is in the process of establishing the concept of soil ES. Therefore, based on a literature review, this paper aims to show the development of concepts and approaches for ES assessment at the international level.
A Lower Dose of Infection Generates a Better Long-Term Immune Response against Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Moretto Magali M , Chen Jie , Meador Morgan , Phan Jasmine , Khan Imtiaz A 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular pathogen, induces a strong immune response in the infected host. In the encephalitis model of infection, long-term protective immunity is mediated by CD8 T cells, with the CD4 T cell population providing important help. Most of the immune studies have used a 10- to 20-cyst dose of T. gondii, which leads to T cell dysfunctionality during the late phase of chronic infection and increases the chances of reactivation. In the current study, we compared the immune response of mice orally infected with either 2 or 10 cysts of T. gondii. During the acute phase, we demonstrate that the lower dose of infection generates a reduced number of CD4 and CD8 T cells, but the frequency of functional CD4 or CD8 T cells is similar in animals infected with two different doses. However, Ag-experienced T cells (both CD4 and CD8) are better maintained in lower dose–infected mice at 8 wk postinfection, with an increase number functional cells that exhibit lower multiple inhibitory receptor expression. In addition to better long-term T cell immunity, animals infected with a lower dose display reduced inflammation manifested by lesser Ag-specific T cell and cytokine responses during the very early stage of the acute infection. Our studies suggest a previously unappreciated role of dose-dependent early programming/imprinting of the long-term CD4/CD8 T cell response during T. gondii infection. These observations point to the need for an in-depth analysis of how early events shape long-term immunity against this pathogen.
Upregulated Expression of the IL-9 Receptor on TRAF3-Deficient B Lymphocytes Confers Ig Isotype Switching Responsiveness to IL-9 in the Presence of Antigen Receptor Engagement and IL-4
Authors: Gokhale Samantha , Victor Eton , Tsai Jemmie , Spirollari Eris , Matracz Brygida , Takatsuka Shogo , Jung Jaeyong , Kitamura Daisuke , Xie Ping 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The pleiotropic cytokine IL-9 signals to target cells by binding to a heterodimeric receptor consisting of the unique subunit IL-9R and the common subunit γ-chain shared by multiple cytokines of the γ-chain family. In the current study, we found that the expression of IL-9R was strikingly upregulated in mouse naive follicular B cells genetically deficient in TNFR-associated factor 3 (TRAF3), a critical regulator of B cell survival and function. The highly upregulated IL-9R on Traf3−/− follicular B cells conferred responsiveness to IL-9, including IgM production and STAT3 phosphorylation. Interestingly, IL-9 significantly enhanced class switch recombination to IgG1 induced by BCR crosslinking plus IL-4 in Traf3−/− B cells, which was not observed in littermate control B cells. We further demonstrated that blocking the JAK-STAT3 signaling pathway abrogated the enhancing effect of IL-9 on class switch recombination to IgG1 induced by BCR crosslinking plus IL-4 in Traf3−/− B cells. Our study thus revealed, to our knowledge, a novel pathway that TRAF3 suppresses B cell activation and Ig isotype switching by inhibiting IL-9R-JAK-STAT3 signaling. Taken together, our findings provide (to our knowledge) new insights into the TRAF3-IL-9R axis in B cell function and have significant implications for the understanding and treatment of a variety of human diseases involving aberrant B cell activation such as autoimmune disorders.
The association between anemia and hypovitaminosis D
Authors: Alharbi Raed A. 
Published: March 2023

Background
Hypovitaminosis D (deficiency and insufficiency) and anemia are both known as major public health concerns globally. A suboptimal level of vitamin D has been suggested to be a potential trigger player for reduced hemoglobin levels, thus increasing the risk of anemia.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and anemia, as well as the relationship between the two.

Patients and methods
Demographic and laboratory data were collected and analyzed (Pearson's correlation and multivariate logistic regressions) using IBM Statistical Package for SPSS, and graphical data visualization was performed using the R programming language and R-based Rstudio.

Results
The overall prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 75% (n=302), whereas insufficiency and sufficiency were 19.7 and 4.5%, respectively. Vitamin D deficiency was most prevalent in the 30–49-year age group (n=155, 81%), whereas it was least prevalent in the 50–69-year age group (n=63, 65%). A significant positive Pearson's correlation was found between vitamin D concentration and hemoglobin at the 0.05 level (r=0.133 and P=0.05) and between vitamin D concentration and the patient's age in years at the 0.01 level (r=0.157 and P=0.01). Anemia was found to be prevalent in 36% of the population. Normocytic anemia was the most prevalent type, followed by microcytic anemia.

Conclusion
The role of hypovitaminosis D as a risk factor for anemia is unknown, and thus multiple longitudinal and interventional studies are recommended to establish an association between vitamin D deficiency and anemia.
Improved visibility of illuminated chopper-assisted cataract surgery involving iris challenges
Authors: Kim Haram , Hwang Sung Ha , Eom Youngsub , Nam Dong Heun 
Published: March 2023

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the illuminated chopper-assisted cataract surgery in terms of shortening the surgical time and reducing the use of pupil expansion devices in eyes with iris challenges.

Methods:
This was a retrospective case series of a university hospital. Four hundred forty-three eyes of 433 consecutive patients who underwent illuminated chopper-assisted cataract surgery were included in this study. Cases with preoperative or intraoperative miosis, iris prolapse, and intraoperative floppy iris syndrome were included in the iris challenge group. Use of tamsulosin, iris hooks, pupil size, surgical time, and improved visibility (100/surgical time × pupil size) were compared between eyes with and without iris challenges. Mann–Whitney U test, Pearson’s Chi-square test, and Fisher’s exact test were used for statistical analysis.

Results:
Of 443 eyes, 66 were included in the iris challenge group (14.9%). Tamsulosin use was more common in patients with iris challenges and iris hooks were used more frequently (9.1% vs. 0%, P < 0.001) in patients with iris challenges than in those without iris challenges. Pupil size was smaller in patients with iris challenges (6.01 vs. 7.64 mm, P < 0.001). However, surgical time was not different (16.9 vs. 16.5 min, P = 0.064) between the two groups. As a result, improved visibility was calculated to be higher in patients with iris challenges (1.05 vs. 0.81, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
In terms of surgical time and improved visibility, using the illuminated chopper simplified cataract surgery involving iris challenges. The use of an illuminated chopper is expected to be a good solution for challenging cataract surgeries.
Applications of nanomaterials in dentistry: A review
Authors: Chokkattu Jerry Joe , Neeharika Singamsetty , Rameshkrishnan Mahesh 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Aim and Objective:
Currently, the major priority in the field of nanotechnology or nanoscience is research and development at the atomic- or molecular-level sciences. Almost every aspects of human health, including pharmaceutical, clinical research and analysis, and supplemental immunological systems, are significantly impacted by it. Diverse dental applications to the realm of nanotechnology, which also reflect developments in material sciences, have given rise to the field of nanodentistry and nanocatalytic drug development, especially in oral nanozyme research and application. This review is aimed to provide readers an in-depth analysis of nanotechnology’s characteristics, varied qualities, and applications toward dentistry.

Materials and Methods:
A query was carried out in PubMed and Google Scholar databases for the articles published from 2007 to 2022 using the keywords/MESH term nanomaterials, dentistry, nanoenzymes, metals, and antibacterial activity. Data extraction and evidence synthesis have been performed by three researchers individually.

Results:
A total of 901 articles have been extracted, out of which 108 have been removed due to repetitions and overlapping. After further screening following exclusion and inclusion criteria, 74 papers were considered to be pertinent and that primarily addressed dental nanotechnology were chosen. Further, the data havebeen extracted and interpreted for the review. The results of the review indicated that the development of multifunctional nanozymes has been continuously assessed in relation to oro-dental illnesses to show the significant impact that nanozymes have on oral health.

Conclusion:
As evidenced by the obtained results, with the advent of ongoing breakthroughs in nanotechnology, dental care could be improved with advanced preventive measures.
Zinc leaching from smithsonite ore in lactic acid solution: Studies on parametric optimization, kinetic and mechanism
Authors: Sadiye Ilhan Sıla , Demir Fatih , Lacin Omer , Sevim Fatih 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT. The solubility of low-grade zinc ores with a selective leaching environmentally friendly reagent has become a focus of great interest since zinc and its compounds have found wide application. For this purpose, lactic acid was used to investigate the selective leaching kinetics of smithsonite ore obtained from Kayseri region. The effects of particle size (137.5-725 µm), acid concentration (0.5-5 M), solid/liquid ratio (0.5/250-3/250 g mL-1), stirring speed (500-800 rpm) and temperature (40-70 °C) parameters on the smithsonite dissolution rate were experimentally studied. The results obtained show that leaching of about 99.8% of zinc is achieved using 425 µm particle size at a reaction temperature of 70 °C for 45 min reaction time with 2 M lactic acid, the solid/liquid ratio of 1/250 g mL-1 and stirring speed of 600 rpm. The statistical analysis of the experimental data obtained from the parameters revealed that smithsonite dissolution was the surface reaction-controlled with an apparent activation energy of 53.62 kJ.moL-1. The kinetic model describing the process was found as

KEY WORDS: Smithsonite, Dissolution kinetics, Lactic acid, Zinc lactate
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(3), 735-744.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i3.15
Farmers’ constraints to production and post-harvest handling of selected neglected food crops in South-east and South-south Nigeria
Authors: Abdulbaki M.K. , Elemasho M.K. , Ajanwachuku N.C. , Okoroafor C.H. , Nwaehujor I.U. , Olayemi F.F. , Pessu P.O. 
Published: March 2023

The study was conducted to determine constraints to the production and post-harvest handlings of selected neglected food crops (Bambara nuts, Bread fruits and Bush mango) in South-east and South-south Nigeria. Production and post-harvest handling challenges have made some of the indigenous crops that are capable of improving food security in the nation to be neglected and underutilized by the farmers. The specific objectives of the study were to; ascertain the socio-economic characteristics of farmers of selected neglected food crops in the study area; determine the constraints militating against production of selected neglected crops; identify the challenges encounter during post- harvest handling of the selected neglected food crops and identify areas of research needs along production and post-harvest handling value chain of the neglected food crops in the study area. Purposive and snow-ball sampling procedure were used to sample 120 farmers of selected neglected crops in southeast and South-South Nigeria. A well-structured questionnaire was used to obtain information from the respondents and analyzed using percentage and mean. The results revealed that the mean age of the respondents in the study area was 43.3 years, majority (42.5%) of the farmers attended primary school. The mean for years of farmer’s farming experience was 13.3years.The production constraints to farmers in the study area were lack of financial support (3.8), lack of improved cultural varieties (3.6),ignorance of the crop nutritional value (3.4) and susceptibility to pests and diseases (3.1) while the constraints to farmers during drying were, rain (75.8%), Animal (29.2%) and dust (75.8%). Majority of the farmers (68.3%) mentioned mold growth on stored crops as a major storage challenge All the farmers (100%) mentioned storage problem as area of research needs, while majority of the farmers (95%) suggested improvement on post-harvest handling on neglected crops in the study area., simple and effective storage and processing innovation should be developed by research institutes and made available in the study area.
Status of climate smart agriculture among village alive development initiative farmers In North-Central Nigeria
Authors: Alalade O.A. , Adisa R.S. , Iyilade O.A , Popoola O.P. , Owoyale Y.A. 
Published: March 2023

This paper assessed the status of climate smart agriculture (CSA) among VADI farmers in North-central Nigeria using qualitative and quantitative methods in data collection. Two hundred and forty-seven farmers were randomly selected from the study area. Also, focus group discussions were conducted. Data collected were subjected to qualitative analysis and logit regression. The study identified five broad and important practices relevant to CSA in North-central Nigeria, which include: mobility and social networks, adjusting agricultural production systems, diversification on and beyond the farm, farm financial management, and knowledge management and regulations. The determinants of CSA in north-central Nigeria include: farming experience, education, extension, livestock ownership, income, land ownership, household size, credit, land area cultivated, distance to the market and water resources, leadership position, risk orientation, gender, and mass media exposure. Government policies need to support research and development that develops and diffuses the climate-smart technologies to help farmers respond to changes in climatic conditions.