bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between unit workloads and outcomes of first extubation attempts in extremely premature infants below a gestational age of 26 weeks
Authors: Ohnstad Mari Oma , Stensvold Hans Jørgen , Pripp Are Hugo , Tvedt Christine Raaen , Jelsness-Jørgensen Lars-Petter , Astrup Henriette , Eriksen Beate Horsberg , Lunnay Mai Linn , Mreihil Khalaf , Pedersen Tanja , Rettedal Siren Irene , Selberg Terje Reidar , Solberg Rønnaug , Støen Ragnhild , Rønnestad Arild Erland 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveThe objective was to explore whether high workloads in neonatal intensive care units were associated with short-term respiratory outcomes of extremely premature (EP) infants born &lt;26 weeks of gestational age.MethodsThis was a population-based study using data from the Norwegian Neonatal Network supplemented by data extracted from the medical records of EP infants &lt;26 weeks GA born from 2013 to 2018. To describe the unit workloads, measurements of daily patient volume and unit acuity at each NICU were used. The effect of weekend and summer holiday was also explored.ResultsWe analyzed 316 first planned extubation attempts. There were no associations between unit workloads and the duration of mechanical ventilation until each infant’s first extubation or the outcomes of these attempts. Additionally, there were no weekend or summer holiday effects on the outcomes explored. Workloads did not affect the causes of reintubation for infants who failed their first extubation attempt.ConclusionOur finding that there was no association between the organizational factors explored and short-term respiratory outcomes can be interpreted as indicating resilience in Norwegian neonatal intensive care units.
Identification of a pediatric acute hypoxemic respiratory failure signature in peripheral blood leukocytes at 24 hours post-ICU admission with machine learning
Authors: Grunwell Jocelyn R. , Rad Milad G. , Ripple Michael J. , Yehya Nadir , Wong Hector R. , Kamaleswaran Rishikesan 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundThere is no generalizable transcriptomics signature of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome. Our goal was to identify a whole blood differential gene expression signature for pediatric acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) using transcriptomic microarrays within twenty-four hours of diagnosis. We used publicly available human whole-blood gene expression arrays of a Berlin-defined pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (GSE147902) cohort and a sepsis-triggered AHRF (GSE66099) cohort within twenty-four hours of diagnosis and compared those children with a PaO2/FiO2 &lt; 200 to those with a PaO2/FiO2 ≥ 200.ResultsWe used stability selection, a bootstrapping method of 100 simulations using logistic regression as a classifier, to select differentially expressed genes associated with a PaO2/FiO2 &lt; 200 vs. PaO2/FiO2 ≥ 200. The top-ranked genes that contributed to the AHRF signature were selected in each dataset. Genes common to both of the top 1,500 ranked gene lists were selected for pathway analysis. Pathway and network analysis was performed using the Pathway Network Analysis Visualizer (PANEV) and Reactome was used to perform an over-representation gene network analysis of the top-ranked genes common to both cohorts. Changes in metabolic pathways involved in energy balance, fundamental cellular processes such as protein translation, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, immune signaling, and inflammation are differentially regulated early in pediatric ARDS and sepsis-induced AHRF compared to both healthy controls and to milder acute hypoxemia. Specifically, fundamental pathways related to the severity of hypoxemia emerged and included (1) ribosomal and eukaryotic initiation of factor 2 (eIF2) regulation of protein translation and (2) the nutrient, oxygen, and energy sensing pathway, mTOR, activated via PI3K/AKT signaling.ConclusionsCellular energetics and metabolic pathways are important mechanisms to consider to further our understanding of the heterogeneity and underlying pathobiology of moderate and severe pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome. Our findings are hypothesis generating and support the study of metabolic pathways and cellular energetics to understand heterogeneity and underlying pathobiology of moderate and severe acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in children.
Ciprofol attenuates the isoproterenol-induced oxidative damage, inflammatory response and cardiomyocyte apoptosis
Authors: Yang Yunzhao , Xia Zhongyuan , Xu Cheng , Zhai Chunchun , Yu Xi , Li Siqi 
Published: March 2023

Background and Purpose: Ciprofol (HSK3486), a novel 2,6-disubstituted phenol derivative, is a new intravenous anesthetic compound with a similar chemical structure to propofol. Animal studies have also shown that propofol plays a protective role in a variety of cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and takotsubo syndrome. However, whether ciprofol exerts cardioprotective effects on myocardial infarction remains unclear. Thus, the aim of this work was to explore the potential cardioprotective mechanism of ciprofol on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction.Experimental Approach: In the present study, male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to subcutaneous injection of ISO (100 mg/kg) for 2 consecutive days to induce experimental myocardial infarction. Herein, we found that ciprofol could inhibit the abnormal increase in myocardial injury enzymes, the area of myocardial infarction and cardiac dysfunction in ISO-treated mice. Ciprofol administration increased the activity of superoxide dismutase and reduced the levels of NADPH oxidase and malondialdehyde in ISO-treated hearts. Additionally, ciprofol administration markedly reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. In an in vitro model, the results also confirmed that ciprofol could inhibit ISO-induced oxidative damage, the inflammatory response and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Moreover, ciprofol can activate the sirtuin1 (Sirt1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway and Sirt1 and Nrf2 inhibition almost abolished ciprofol-mediated cardioprotective effects.Interpretation: Ciprofol protects the heart against ISO-induced myocardial infarction by reducing cardiac oxidative stress, the inflammatory response and cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
Vanadium oxide metal-insulator phase transition in different types of one-dimensional photonic microcavities
Authors: Scotognella Francesco 
Published: March 2023

The optical properties of vanadium dioxide (VO2) can be tuned via metal-insulator transition. In this work, different types of one-dimensional photonic structure-based microcavities that embed vanadium dioxide have been studied in the spectral range between 900 nm and 2000 nm. In particular, VO2 has been sandwiched between: i) two photonic crystals made of SiO2 and ZrO2; ii) two aperiodic structures made of SiO2 and ZrO2 that follow the Thue-Morse sequence; iii) two disordered photonic structures, made of SiO2 and ZrO2 in which the disorder is introduced either by a random sequence of the two materials or by a random variation of the thicknesses of the layers; iv) two four material-based photonic crystals made of SiO2, Al2O3, Y2O3, and ZrO2. The ordered structures i and iv show, respectively, one and two intense transmission valleys with defect modes, while the aperiodic and disordered structures ii and iii show a manifold of transmission valleys due to their complex layered configurations. The metal-insulator transition of VO2, controlled by temperature, results in a modulation of the optical properties of the microcavities.
Integrated transcriptome and metabonomic analysis of key metabolic pathways in response to cadmium stress in novel buckwheat and cultivated species
Authors: Huo Dongao , Hao Ying , Zou Juan , Qin Lixia , Wang Chuangyun , Du Dengxiang 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionBuckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum), an important food crop, also has medicinal uses. It is widely planted in Southwest China, overlapping with planting areas remarkably polluted by cadmium (Cd). Therefore, it is of great significance to study the response mechanism of buckwheat under Cd stress and further develop varieties with excellent Cd tolerance.MethodsIn this study, two critical periods of Cd stress treatment (days 7 and 14 after Cd treatment) of cultivated buckwheat (Pinku-1, named K33) and perennial species (F. tatari-cymosum Q.F. Chen) (duoku, named DK19) were analyzed using transcriptome and metabolomics.ResultsThe results showed that Cd stress led to changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the chlorophyll system. Moreover, Cd-response genes related to stress response, amino acid metabolism, and ROS scavenging were enriched or activated in DK19. Transcriptome and metabolomic analyses highlighted the important role of galactose, lipid (glycerophosphatide metabolism and glycerophosphatide metabolism), and glutathione metabolism in response to Cd stress in buckwheat, which are significantly enriched at the gene and metabolic levels in DK19.DiscussionThe results of the present study provide valuable information for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying Cd tolerance in buckwheat and useful clues for the genetic improvement of drought tolerance in buckwheat.
Enter into society: Digitalized livelihoods and prosumer labor for people with disabilities in China
Authors: Bao Yaxiong , Hu Xinyu , Zhang Ruijie , Shi Xiaochuan 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundThe current debates on “digital labor” focus on a gorgeous and comprehensive experiential description and theoretical exposition but do not provide a thorough examination of the unique context and social structure. In China, the development of internet is closely tied to politics, the Chinese Government uses internet as a tool of social governance. More importantly, aside from desire-based communications produced by corporate ideology, the Chinese people’s passion for the Internet also comes from individual survival, especially the middle and lower class of information represented by the disabled people. This means that analysis of the digital labor among people with disabilities in China must be done from a variety of angles, including politics, society and culture.MethodsThis study combines life-history interviews and field research methods to explore the value and significance of digitalized livelihoods and free prosumer labor for people with disabilities in China through self-narration. Since 2020, researchers have been volunteering at two social organizations serving people with physical disabilities in Wuhan city, Hubei Province. We participated in 26 assistance activities for disabled groups which included three 14-day training camps, and interviewed 40 people with physical disabilities.ResultsThis study found that although the digitalized livelihoods practice of people with disabilities is still “precarious labor” in nature, whose self-expression in the cyberspace is easy to fall into the shackles of capital flow logic. However, digital labor practice provides them with the opportunity to “sit at home, enter the community and society,” also enables them to “live independently.” More importantly, this opportunity and possibility enable people with disabilities to experience a sense of value and self-esteem as “competent people.” Therefore, in the realistic environment of structural obstacles in the social life of the people with disabilities in China, the possibility of “inclusiveness” brought by digital labor is the core value brought by digital society.
Alexinomia: The fear of using personal names
Authors: Ditye Thomas , Rodax Natalie , Welleschik Lisa 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionPreliminary research based on everyday observations suggests that there are people, who experience severe fear when addressing others with their personal names. The aim of this study was to explore the extent to which this hitherto little-known psychological phenomenon really exists and to investigate its characteristic features, considering the everyday experience of not being able to use names and its impact on affected individuals and their social interactions and relationships.MethodsIn this mixed-methods study based on semi-structured interviews and psychometric testing, 13 affected female participants were interviewed and evaluated using self-report measures of social anxiety, attachment-related vulnerability, and general personality traits. An inductive content analysis and inferential statistical methods were used to analyze qualitative and quantitative data, respectively.ResultsOur findings show that affected individuals experience psychological distress and a variety of negative emotions in situations in which addressing others with their name is intended, resulting in avoidance behavior, impaired social interactions, and a reduced quality of affected relationships.DiscussionThe behavior can affect all relationships and all forms of communication and is strongly linked to social anxiety and insecure attachment. We propose calling this phenomenon Alexinomia, meaning “no words for names”.
Bibliometric analysis of tuberculosis molecular epidemiology based on CiteSpace
Authors: Zheng Mei-qin , Li Xi-xi , Xu Rui , Liu Shuo , Rui Zhi-yong , Guo Zhen-yong , Chen Di 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundTuberculosis is a communicable disease that is a major cause of ill health. Bibliometrics is an important statistical methodology used to analyze articles and other publications in the literature study. In this study, publications on molecular epidemiology were analyzed using bibliometric analysis. The statistical analysis of influential publications, journals, countries and authors was first conducted.MethodsThe Web of Science database was searched for publications on the molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis with the keywords “tuberculosis” and “molecular epidemiology” in the title. The number of publications, citation analysis, co-authorship of the author, institution and country, keyword co-occurrence, and reference co-citations were analyzed.ResultsA total of 225 journal articles were retrieved. The mean citation was 37.72 per article and 292.69 per year. The annual publications on molecular epidemiology fluctuated within a certain range in the past. Journal of Clinical Microbiology is the most published journal with 33 articles. RASTOGI N is the most prolific author with 11 articles. The top 1 research institution is Inst Pasteur Guadeloupe. Stratified by the number of publications, the USA was the most prolific country. It also cooperates closely with other countries. Burstness analysis of references and keywords showed that the developing research trends in this field mainly focused on “genetic diversity” and “lineage” during the past decade.ConclusionThe annual publications on tuberculosis molecular epidemiology fluctuated within a specific range in the past decade. The USA continues to dominate research output and funding. The exchange of expertise, ideas, and technology is of paramount importance in this field. More frequent and deeper cooperation among countries or institutions will be essential in the future.
Association between multimorbidity and memory-related diseases among middle-aged and older adults: Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
Authors: Chen Chen , Zhao Yihao , Su Binbin , Wu Yu , Zhong Panliang , Zheng Xiaoying 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal association between multimorbidity and memory-related diseases (MDs) among Chinese middle-aged and older adults.MethodsThis study included 8,338 subjects who participated in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to explore the association and effect of multimorbidity on MDs.ResultsThe overall prevalence of MDs was 2.52%, and the mean multimorbidity number was 1.87. In a cross-sectional analysis, compared with the no multimorbidity group, groups of multimorbidity with four or more non-communicable diseases (NCDs) were more likely to have MDs (OR: 6.49, 95%CI: 4.35–9.68). Within 2.7 years of follow-up, 82 cases of MDs (1.12%) were reported, and participants with multimorbidity were more likely to have new-onset MDs than participants without multimorbidity (HR: 2.93, 95%CI: 1.74–4.96).ConclusionMultimorbidity is associated with MDs among Chinese middle-aged and older adults. This relationship gradually strengthens with the severity of multimorbidity, which indicates that early prevention for people with multimorbidity may reduce the risk of MDs.
A “willingness to be orchestrated”: Why are UK diplomats working with tobacco companies?
Authors: Alebshehy Raouf , Silver Karin , Chamberlain Phil 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundThe tobacco epidemic is global and addressing it requires global collaboration. International and national policies have been adopted to promote collaboration for tobacco control, including an obligation on diplomatic missions to protect public health from the vested interests of the tobacco industry. However, incidents of diplomats engaging with the tobacco industry are still occurring despite these regulations. This paper presents a case study of a British ambassador actions, and it points to some of the challenges researchers face in monitoring such incidents.MethodsThe incident studied in this paper was first identified through regular media monitoring conducted by the Tobacco Control Research Group at the University of Bath. The incident was further investigated by using the tools made available by the United Kingdom (UK) Freedom of Information Act, including submitting a request, asking for internal review, and submitting a complaint to the Information Commissioner's Office.ResultsWe identified clear evidence of the UK ambassador to Yemen opening a cigarette factory, part owned by British American Tobacco (BAT), in Jordan. Our investigation revealed a lack of documentation of this and similar incidents of interaction between diplomats and the tobacco industry. We raise concerns about the actions of diplomats which contravene both national and international policies.DiscussionMonitoring and reporting such activities produces several challenges. Diplomats' interactions with the tobacco industry represent a major concern for public health as such interactions seem to be systematically repeated. This paper calls for action to better implement national and international policies to protect the public health including in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
Predicting outcomes of hematological malignancy patients admitted to critical care
Authors: Tridente Ascanio , Dempsey Nina C. , Khalifa Mai , Goddard Jack , Shuker Katy , Hall Joni , Sorour Youssef , Wright Josh , Webber Stephen , Mills Gary H. , Snowden John A. 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundCritical care (CC) admission has traditionally been viewed as likely to result in a poor outcome for hematological malignancy (HM) patients. Such a view can have implications for decisions surrounding CC admission. Recent studies have challenged this poor prognostication, however, there still remains limited data to support CC admission and escalation decisions and to elucidate risk factors which independently predict short- and longer-term survival outcomes.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed a large cohort of adult HM patients (n=437) admitted to CC over a sixteen-year period, with the specific aim of identifying risk factors present at CC unit admission that could help to predict outcome. We assessed all-cause mortality at CC discharge (CC mortality, primary outcome) and at further time points (hospital discharge and 12-months post-discharge from CC). Single variable and multivariate analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of outcome.ResultsCC unit and hospital mortality rates were 33.4% (146 patients) and 46.2% (202 patients) respectively. At six-month and one-year follow-up, mortality increased to 59.5% and 67.9% respectively. At single variable adjusted regression analysis, eight factors were associated with CC mortality: APACHE II score, the number of organs supported, requirement for continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), cardiovascular support, or respiratory support (invasive and non-invasive), the ratio between arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and the inspired oxygen concentration (FiO2) (P/F ratio) on CC admission, and the lowest P/F ratio during CC admission. However, only three factors showed independent predictive capacity for CC outcome at multivariate logistic regression analysis; APACHE II score on admission, requirement for ventilation and lowest P/F ratio.ConclusionOne third of HM patients admitted to CC died on the unit and, following admission to CC, approximately one-third of HM patients survived over 1 year. Our data show that, while a diagnosis of HM should not preclude admission of patients who might otherwise benefit from CC support, the prognosis of those with a high APACHE II score upon admission, or those requiring IMV remains poor, despite considerable advances in IMV techniques.
Drain vs. no-drain for acetabular fractures after treatment via a modified stoppa approach: A retrospective study
Authors: Jin Lin , Wang Zhongzheng , Zhao Kuo , Lian Xiaodong , Chen Wei , Zhang Yingze , Hou Zhiyong 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy of close suction drainage (CSD) and no-CSD after a modified Stoppa approach for the surgical fixation of acetabular fractures.MethodsThis retrospective study included 49 consecutive acetabular fracture patients, who presented to a single level I trauma center for surgical fixation, using a modified Stoppa approach from January 2018 to January 2021. All surgeries were performed by a senior surgeon using the same approach, and the patients were divided into two groups based on whether CSD was used after the operation. Details of the patient demographics, fracture characteristics, intraoperative indicators, reduction quality, intra and postoperative blood transfusion, clinical outcomes, and incision-related complications were collected.ResultsNo significant differences were found in the demographics, fracture characteristics, intraoperative indicators, reduction quality, clinical outcomes, and incision-related complications between the two groups (P &gt; 0.05). The use of CSD was associated with a significantly higher postoperative blood transfusion volume (P = 0.034) and postoperative blood transfusion rate (P = 0.027). In addition, there was a significant difference in postoperative temperatures, especially on postoperative Day 2 (no-CSD 36.97 ± 0.51°C vs. CSD 37.34 ± 0.69°C, P = 0.035), and higher visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, especially on postoperative Day 1 (no-CSD 3.00 ± 0.93 vs. CSD 4.14 ± 1.43, P = 0.002) and 3 (no-CSD 1.73 ± 0.94 vs. CSD 2.48 ± 1.08, P = 0.013).ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that routine use of CSD should not be recommended for patients with acetabular fractures after surgical fixation using a modified Stoppa approach.