bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experience of a Formal Mentorship Program at Saudi Board Family Medicine Residency Program in Qassim, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alfi Mohammed Al , Kalevaru Chandra Sekhar , Rabbani Unaib , AlSaigul Abdullah M. , Yahia Omer Al , Almutairi Abdulaziz , Al-Harbi Ali Mosa , Ahmed Azza Abdulmajeed 
Published: February 2023

Background: Health care institutes started mentorship programs for the professional and social development of trainees and junior health care staff. The objective of the present study was to find the perceptions of mentees and mentors about the process of the mentorship program at Qassim Family Medicine academy.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out among the mentees (60) and mentors (31) affiliated with Family Medicine Academy, Qassim in September 2022. Data was collected using a semi structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed with SPSS.
Results: A total of 60 mentees and 31 mentors participated. The majority of mentees opined that the mean number of mentor meetings was 2.76 per year. Mentees perceptions about clear objectives in their meeting was 71.7%, the same percentage (70%) mentioned as opportunity to discuss strengths and weaknesses in the mentor meeting. Sevety-seven percent of the mentors opined that mentee achieved their set targets large extent to fully. The mentees mean overall satisfaction and standard deviation about the mentorship program was 7.5 ± 2.72, mentors overall satisfaction was reported 7.8 ± 1.7 out of 10.
Conclusions: Based on the findings, mentors and mentees were overall satisfied with the mentorship program. But, Mentees’ perceptions about social or psychological problems and professional development agreed was nearly fifty percent only. On the other hand, mentors had concerns related to the keenness of mentees for the mentorship meeting. There is a need to focus on these domains in the forthcoming mentorship programs.
A Flexible and Biomimetic Olfactory Synapse with Gasotransmitter‐Mediated Plasticity
Authors: Deng Yuping , Zhao Mingyou , Ma Yuan , Liu Shangbin , Liu Mingda , Shen Boyu , Li Rongfeng , Ding He , Cheng Huanyu , Sheng Xing , Fu Wangyang , Li Zehui , Zhang Milin , Yin Lan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNeuromorphic electronics has demonstrated great promise in mimicking the sensory and memory functions of biological systems. However, synaptic devices with desirable sensitivity, selectivity, and operational voltage imitating the olfactory system have rarely been reported. Here, a flexible and biomimetic olfactory synapse based on an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) coupled with a breath‐figure derived porous solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) is proposed. The device demonstrates excellent sensitivity with a ppb‐level response limit and desirable selectivity toward hydrogen sulfide (H2S) over other gases, and successfully achieves wireless real‐time detection of excessive concentration of H2S from rotten eggs. H2S‐mediated synaptic plasticity is accomplished with the device and typical synaptic behaviors are realized, including short‐term memory (STM), long‐term memory (LTM), transition from STM to LTM, etc., enabling the imitation of potential cumulative damages upon H2S exposure. The proposed device paves new ways toward next‐generation olfactory systems capable of sensing and memorizing functionalities mimicking neurobiological systems, offering critical materials strategies to accomplish intelligent artificial sensory systems.
Extreme pH‐Resistant, Highly Cation‐Selective Poly(Quaternary Ammonium) Membranes Fabricated via Menshutkin Reaction‐Based Interfacial Polymerization
Authors: Jeon Sungkwon , Kim Hansoo , Choi Juyeon , Kim Jeong F. , Park Ho Bum , Lee Jung‐Hyun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMembrane‐based separation technologies have attracted significant interest from various industries owing to their high process efficiency. However, the wider applications of conventional polyamide (PA) thin‐film composite (TFC) membranes are limited by their poor pH stability and low cation selectivity, necessitating the development of membranes with advanced chemistries. Herein, an extreme pH‐resistant, highly cation‐selective TFC membrane is fabricated by synthesizing a crosslinked poly(quaternary ammonium) (PQA) selective layer on a polyethylene support via Menshutkin reaction‐based interfacial polymerization (Men‐IP). The Men‐IP process produces a thin, densely crosslinked, and positively charged PQA permselective layer without hydrolysis‐prone functional groups. The fabricated PQA membrane features a highly selective molecular density that significantly exceeds those of previously reported membranes with non‐PA chemistries. Moreover, the PQA membrane exhibits remarkably high rejection (>90%) and selectivity for divalent cations owing to the exceptionally strong positive charge imparted by its abundant cationic QA groups. More importantly, the PQA membrane displays ultrahigh pH stability under both extremely acidic (1.5 m H2SO4) and alkaline (5 m NaOH) conditions for 28 days. No other membrane reported in the literature demonstrates such excellent pH stability. This strategy opens a new route for fabricating highly selective membranes that can be used in harsh pH environments.
Humidity Sensing with Supramolecular Nanostructures
Authors: Montes‐García Verónica , Samorì Paolo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPrecise monitoring of the humidity level is important for the living comfort and for many applications in various industrial sectors. Humidity sensors have thus become one among the most extensively studied and used chemical sensors by targeting a maximal device performance through the optimization of the components and working mechanism. Among different moisture‐sensitive systems, supramolecular nanostructures are ideal active materials for the next generation of highly efficient humidity sensors. Their noncovalent nature guarantees fast response, high reversibility, and fast recovery time in the sensing event. Herein, the most enlightening recent strategies on the use of supramolecular nanostructures for humidity sensing are showcased. The key performance indicators in humidity sensing, including operation range, sensitivity, selectivity, response, and recovery speed are discussed as milestones for true practical applications. Some of the most remarkable examples of supramolecular‐based humidity sensors are presented, by describing the finest sensing materials, the operating principles, and sensing mechanisms, the latter being based on the structural or charge‐transport changes triggered by the interaction of the supramolecular nanostructures with the ambient humidity. Finally, the future directions, challenges, and opportunities for the development of humidity sensors with performance beyond the state of the art are discussed.
Genome‐wide methylomic regulation of multiscale gene networks in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Wang Erming , Wang Minghui , Guo Lei , Fullard John F. , Micallef Courtney , Bendl Jaroslav , Song Won‐min , Ming Chen , Huang Yong , Li Yuxin , Yu Kaiwen , Peng Junmin , Bennett David A. , De Jager Philip L. , Roussos Panos , Haroutunian Vahram , Zhang Bin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONRecent studies revealed the association of abnormal methylomic changes with Alzheimer's disease (AD) but there is a lack of systematic study of the impact of methylomic alterations over the molecular networks underlying AD.METHODSWe profiled genome‐wide methylomic variations in the parahippocampal gyrus from 201 post mortem control, mild cognitive impaired, and AD brains.RESULTSWe identified 270 distinct differentially methylated regions (DMRs) associated with AD. We quantified the impact of these DMRs on each gene and each protein as well as gene and protein co‐expression networks. DNA methylation had a profound impact on both AD‐associated gene/protein modules and their key regulators. We further integrated the matched multi‐omics data to show the impact of DNA methylation on chromatin accessibility, which further modulates gene and protein expression.DISCUSSIONThe quantified impact of DNA methylation on gene and protein networks underlying AD identified potential upstream epigenetic regulators of AD.Highlights
A cohort of DNA methylation data in the parahippocampal gyrus was developed from 201 post mortem control, mild cognitive impaired, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains.
Two hundred seventy distinct differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were found to be associated with AD compared to normal control.
A metric was developed to quantify methylation impact on each gene and each protein.
DNA methylation was found to have a profound impact on not only the AD‐associated gene modules but also key regulators of the gene and protein networks.
Key findings were validated in an independent multi‐omics cohort in AD.
The impact of DNA methylation on chromatin accessibility was also investigated by integrating the matched methylomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data.
ORChestra coordinates the replication and repair music
Authors: Liu Dazhen , Sonalkar Jay , Prasanth Supriya G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractError‐free genome duplication and accurate cell division are critical for cell survival. In all three domains of life, bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes, initiator proteins bind replication origins in an ATP‐dependent manner, play critical roles in replisome assembly, and coordinate cell‐cycle regulation. We discuss how the eukaryotic initiator, Origin recognition complex (ORC), coordinates different events during the cell cycle. We propose that ORC is the maestro driving the orchestra to coordinately perform the musical pieces of replication, chromatin organization, and repair.
Iterative Learning Control for Tricalcium Neutralization Process with Initial Disturbance
Authors: Pei Sheng , Zhao Zhonggai , Liu Fei , Miao Maodong , Jin Sai , Sun Fuxin , Shi Guiyang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe tricalcium neutralization process (TNP) is a key recovery process in the citric acid production process. The amount of calcium carbonate added needs to be controlled to ensure the pH of the reactants within the target range at the terminal of every batch. But the random initial pH has a great influence on the stability of the terminal pH. In this work, an iterative learning control (ILC)‐based control strategy is proposed to optimize the addition of calcium carbonate. First, the terminal iterative learning control (TILC) is performed and the optimal input of the process can be obtained. Then, an initial disturbance compensation controller optimized by ILC is proposed. The results of the TNP control experiments demonstrate that the suggested control strategy can suppress the disturbances and achieve terminal pH control.
Templated Crystallization of Glycine Homopeptides: Experimental and Computational Developments
Authors: Verma Vivek , Mitchell Hamish , Errington Ethan , Guo Mingxia , Heng Jerry Y. Y. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe usage of glass beads as heterogeneous additives for the crystallization of glycine homopeptides is investigated, whereby glass beads are shown experimentally to increase the rate of crystallization. Induction time analysis indicates that the presence of glass beads acts enhances the kinetic factor for nucleation. These results are compared to those previously obtained by the authors for glycine and diglycine, and it is demonstrated that the increase in nucleation rate is proportional to the peptide chain length. Molecular dynamics simulations confirm that larger molecules exhibit faster nucleation in the presence of glass beads due to an increased number of interactions as observed with the longest hydrogen bond lifetime for triglycine, followed by diglycine and glycine.
Investigating the rain‐free period of mepiquat chloride as affected by surfactant, rate, and interval between application and simulated rainfall
Authors: Hand Lavesta C. , Snider John L. , Roberts Phillip M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSporadic and unpredictable rain events can reduce agrichemical efficacy if a sufficient rain‐free period is not reached following application. Mepiquat chloride (MC) is used to regulate vegetative growth in cotton (Gossypium spp.), and the rain‐free period, according to the label, is 8 h or reduced to 4 h when applied with a surfactant. Experiments were conducted in 2021–2022 to evaluate the effect of MC treatment and dry time between application and a simulated rainfall event on cotton growth following application. The MC treatments were applied during the second week of squaring and were washed from the surface of the leaves 0, 2, 4, and 8 h after application using a center pivot irrigation system that delivered 0.4–0.6 inches of simulated rainfall. All MC treatments, averaged across dry time, slowed cotton growth regardless of surfactant or rate applied. Dry time demonstrated similar results, with dry times ≥2 h slowing growth. However, when cotton growth over time was evaluated, it was determined that in situations where cotton growth is more aggressive, reapplication of MC was necessary sooner where the initial application was removed from the surface of the leaf 0–2 h after application compared to 4–8 h after application. Adding a surfactant to MC applications did not reduce the rain‐free period, and when at least 4 h of dry time was achieved, MC applications were just as effective as an 8 h dry time, even when cotton growth was aggressive.
Understanding Off‐Cycle and Deactivation Pathways in Radical‐Type Carbene Transfer Catalysis
Authors: Snabilié Demi D. , Meeus Eva J. , Epping Roel F. J. , He Zhiyuan , Zhou Minghui , de Bruin Bas 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTransition metal radical‐type carbene transfer catalysis is a sustainable and atom‐efficient method to generate C−C bonds, especially to produce fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals. A significant amount of research has therefore been devoted to applying this methodology, which resulted in innovative routes toward otherwise synthetically challenging products and a detailed mechanistic understanding of the catalytic systems. Furthermore, combined experimental and theoretical efforts elucidated the reactivity of carbene radical complexes and their off‐cycle pathways. The latter can imply the formation of N‐enolate and bridging carbenes, and undesired hydrogen atom transfer by the carbene radical species from the reaction medium which can lead to catalyst deactivation. In this concept paper, we demonstrate that understanding off‐cycle and deactivation pathways not only affords solutions to circumvent them, but can also uncover novel reactivity for new applications. In particular, considering off‐cycle species involved in metalloradical catalysis can stimulate further development of radical‐type carbene transfer reactions.
On the big data processing algorithms for finding frequent sequences
Authors: Can Ali Burak , Zaval Mounes , Uzun‐Per Meryem , Aktas Mehmet S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSequential pattern mining algorithms extract trendy sequence appearances inside ordered transactional datasets such as market basket datasets. There is a lack of research employing big data processing techniques to locate frequent sequences on large‐scale datasets. Furthermore, there is a need for optimized sequential pattern mining algorithms that run on ordered one‐dimensional sequences. We also observe a lack of sequential pattern search studies in the literature, where the focus is centered around multi‐dimensional data sequences. Existing approaches that deal with ordered one‐dimensional datasets suffer from scalability issues as the amount of data to be analyzed is enormous. This research investigates the big data processing techniques used to find frequent sequences in large‐scale datasets. It also proposes a scalable sequence pattern mining algorithm called Sequential Pattern Acquisition by Reducing Search Space (SPARSS) designed for distributed data processing systems that efficiently handle large datasets containing sequential one‐element data. It introduces a prototype implementation of SPARSS and provides information on the SPARSS's memory and time requirements, which were calculated as part of experimental studies on a real‐world dataset. The results confirm our expectations and demonstrate SPARSS's superior scalability and run‐time efficiency compared to other distributed algorithms.
Diffusion Measurements To Understand Dynamics and Structuring in Solutions Involving a Homologous Series of Ionic Liquids
Authors: Morris Daniel C. , Morris Adrian R. , Price William S. , Prescott Stuart W. , Harper Jason B. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe self‐diffusion coefficients of each of the components in mixtures containing pyridine and each of the homologous series 1‐alkyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imides in acetonitrile were determined using NMR diffusometry (i. e., Pulsed Gradient Spin Echo). The nature of solvation was found to change significantly with the proportion of salt in the mixtures. Increased diffusion coefficients (when corrected for viscosity) for the molecular components were observed with increasing proportion of ionic liquid and with increasing alkyl chain length on the cation. Comparison of the molecular solvents suggests increased interactions in solution of the pyridine with other components of the mixture, consistent with the proposed interactions shown previously to drive changes in reaction kinetics. Discontinuities were seen in the diffusion data for each species in solution across different ionic liquids between the hexyl and octyl derivatives, suggesting a change in the structuring in solution as the alkyl chain on the cation changes and demonstrating the importance of such when considering homologous series.
A systematic review of measures of gender and biological sex: Exploring candidates for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD) research
Authors: Stites Shana D. , Cao Hannah , James Richard , Harkins Kristin , Coykendall Cameron , Flatt Jason D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundGender and biological sex are social and structural determinants of health and umbrella concepts encompassing many distinct attributes. This systematic review summarizes measures of gender and biological sex published in the biomedical literature. The goal was to identify measures that may be useful to researchers studying Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease related dementias (AD/ADRD).MethodsA search of PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO (ProQuest platform) databases from 2000 to 2021 identified 1454 articles, which were then screened by five independent reviewers. Measures of gender and biological sex are summarized according to theoretical commitments and psychometric properties.ResultsTwenty‐nine measures were identified that assessed gender‐related constructs, and 4 were identified that assessed biological factors. Self‐report instruments characterized aspects of gender, such as gender stereotypes, norms, and ideologies. One measure was developed with a focus on older adults (65+ years).DiscussionWe offer recommendations to guide measurement of gender in AD/ADRD research, including how the use of specific existing measures may help advance AD/ADRD research. The lack of gender measures for older adults limits AD/ADRD research. New measures may be needed to address lifespan and generational differences in gender factors.Highlights
A review of articles identifies 29 measures of gender in biomedical research.
Gender is captured using multidimensional, self‐reported concepts.
One measure was developed with a focus on older adults (65+).
Effects of warming on the structure of aquatic communities in tropical bromeliad microecosystems
Authors: Progênio Melissa , Antiqueira Pablo A. P. , Oliveira Felipe R. , Meira Bianca R. , Lansac‐Tôha Fernando M. , Rodrigues Luzia C. , Romero Gustavo Q. , Nash Liam N. , Kratina Pavel , Velho Luiz F. M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFreshwaters are among the most vulnerable ecosystems to climate warming, with projected temperature increases over the coming decades leading to significant losses of aquatic biodiversity. Experimental studies that directly warm entire natural ecosystems in the tropics are needed, for understanding the disturbances on aquatic communities. Therefore, we conducted an experiment to test the impacts of predicted future warming on density, alpha diversity, and beta diversity of freshwater aquatic communities, inhabiting natural microecosystems—Neotropical tank bromeliads. Aquatic communities within the tanks bromeliads were experimentally exposed to warming, with temperatures ranging from 23.58 to 31.72°C. Linear regression analysis was used to test the impacts of warming. Next, distance‐based redundancy analysis was performed to assess how warming might alter total beta diversity and its components. This experiment was conducted across a gradient of habitat size (bromeliad water volume) and availability of detrital basal resources. A combination of the highest detritus biomass and higher experimental temperatures resulted in the greatest density of flagellates. However, the density of flagellates declined in bromeliads with higher water volume and lower detritus biomass. Moreover, the combination of the highest water volume and high temperature reduced density of copepods. Finally, warming changed microfauna species composition, mostly through species substitution (βrepl component of total beta‐diversity). These findings indicate that warming strongly structures freshwater communities by reducing or increasing densities of different aquatic communities groups. It also enhances beta‐diversity, and many of these effects are modulated by habitat size or detrital resources.
Cryptanalysis and improvement of an authentication protocol for wireless sensor networks
Authors:   Neerul , Kumar Devender 
Published: February 2023

SummaryThe Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a network which is composed of many sensor nodes. The sensor nodes in WSN are widespread and lightweight which are deployed for environmental or system monitoring. These sensor nodes within the WSNs communicate with one another using wireless lines. WSNs have practical applications in numerous fields such as smart city, medicine, military, agriculture, and so forth. It is easy for an adversary to intercept the network and steal the valuable information. Consequently, these sensor nodes need enhanced security. Recently, Kwon et al have proposed an authentication scheme for WSNs. However, in this paper, we analyze the security of their scheme and discover that their protocol fails to provide perfect forward security and user untraceability. Also their protocol fails to withstand against session specific random number leakage attack, privileged insider attack and password guessing attack. Their protocol uses only two‐factor authentication scheme. In order to overcome the weaknesses of their protocol, we develop a secure three‐factor authentication protocol which is based on symmetric key cryptography. We use ProVerif tool to perform its formal security verification and use random oracle model for its formal security analysis. We also show the correctness of mutual authentication of the proposed scheme using BAN logic. Its informal security analysis indicates that the designed scheme can withstand against various known attacks. In the performance analysis, we show that the proposed scheme offers more security features than the other related schemes and has less communication cost as compared to Kwon et al protocol.