bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation the correlation between Inulin and Cystatin C with kidney function tests and GFR in patients with renal disorders
Authors: Nawar Mohsin Abd-alaziz  , Wasan Nazhan Hussein  
Published: April 2023

Background: Kidneys are important organs in the human body because of their great importance in assisting the body to remove waste products that resulting from food metabolism through renal filtration of blood plasma from unwanted substances and excreted through diuresis and recover substances that body needs to the blood, relative effectiveness of the kidney can be estimated by measuring the efficiency of glomerular filteration rate (GRF), represented by amount of inulin filtrate into renal tubules for a specified period of time, any difference in normal value indicates the presence of a disorder in the kidney, which affects on performance of its functions and occurrence of imbalance in internal environment of the body, and leads to disrupting functions of other parts of the body, measuring rate of renal filtration is one of the best ways to know function of the kidneys and diagnose various kidney diseases and prevent their development.
Materials and Methods : The study included measuring rate of inulin clearance in the blood plasma, and estimating level of cystatin C and a number of biochemical variables in serum and evaluation the effect of body mass index BMI. 50 sample was collected from patients with chronic renal failure, and 50 sample of patients with diabetic nephropathy and 50 sample as control group.
Results: The results indicate that a significant decrease in the rate of inulin clearance in plasma and serum albumin, with a significant increase in level of serum cystatin C, glucose, urea and creatinine, and a non significant differences in level of serum uric acid in patients with chronic renal failure and diabetic nephropathy as compared to control group.
Suitability Evaluation of Mudstone of Injana Formation for Dam Filling Materials in TaqTaq area/Erbil/Iraq
Authors: Fahad Jamal Suhael  , Amera Ismail Hussain  
Published: April 2023

The research aims to study some geotechnical properties for mudstone of Injana Formation in the eastern part of Erbil city, to determine their suitability as filling materials in the dams. Nine samples representing the study area were sampled. From the results of petrophysical tests, the liquid limit and the plasticity index were found to be within the limits of the Iraqi standard, the values of the liquid limit range between (39.26-44.2)%. The plasticity index ranges between (14.96-19.82). The grain size distribution analysis shows the applicability of the zone C for Nine samples.Total soluble salts (T.S.S). Ranging from (1.04 -4.81) The gypsum contains between (0.02-0.09)%. It conforms to the Iraqi standard specification where the results of the samples (1)(2)(4)(5) suitable for the filling materials in the dams but the (3)(6)(7) (8)(9) samples unsuitable
Study the compatibility between four detectors manufactured on one silicon chip
Authors: Ahmed Ibrahim Farhan  , Wlla M. Mohammed  
Published: April 2023

The tin oxide was deposited by using a vacuum thermal method on one silicon base to form four detectors , each of 0.25 cm2 in size and separated by 0.15mm. Differences in the properties of manufactured optical detectors were studied in the same method, conditions, and at the same time . The results indicated that the thickness of the films (200nm, 200nm, 170nm, 180nm). And the results haven't changed much when trying to grow another membrane. The results of the electrical properties showed a convergence in the voltage barriers (0.74, 0.75, 0.76, 0.77)V for thickness (200nm, 200nm, 170nm, 180nm) respectively, but the ideal factor between a large difference in one of the detectors (5.9, 6.1, 6, 3.5). The lighting current increases with the incident of the optical power. The results showed that the rise time of the thinnest thickness reached (0.096µs), which is the fastest among the detectors. While the thickest film has off time (8.2µs), it is the fastest time for relaxation among other detectors.
Bi- Supra Hereditary and Bi – Supra Topological Properties for some Supra – Separation Axioms
Authors: Leqaa Mohammed Saeed Hussein  , Taha Hameed Jasim Al-Douri  
Published: April 2023

A new definitions of some Supra hereditary and Supra topological property was introduced namely ( - Supra hereditary and – Supra Topological) properties , the relation between them was studied for some Supra – Separation Axioms
At last many characterization and theorem was proved .
Chromatic Number and some Properties of Pseudo-Von Neumann Regular graph of Cartesian Product of Rings
Authors: Nermen J. Khalel  , Nabeel E. Arif  
Published: April 2023

Let R be a commutative ring, the Pseudo – Von Neumann regular graph of the ring R is define as a graph whose vertex set consists of all elements of R and any two distinct vertices a and b are adjacent if and only if , this graph is denoted by P-VG(R), in this work we got some new results about chromatic number of Pseudo-Von Neumann regular graph of cartesian product of rings.
Interstop [Dioraleze] Drug-induced hepatotoxicity and Liver Injury In Rats
Authors: Asraa Abed Thiyab  
Published: April 2023

Interstop (Also known as Dioraleze) was the focus of this research paper to elaborate and find out the effect of Interstop administration on Hepatocytes in Rats.
Rats from both sexes were randomly distributed into three main groups as follows:
Group 1 (Control): Orally given distilled water daily for three weeks.
Group 2 (Treatment): Orally given 1mg/kg body weight Interstop daily for three weeks.
Group 3 (Overdose): orally given 2.5mg/kg body weight Interstop daily for three weeks.
At the end of the experiment, rats were dissected and the liver was obtained under aseptic technique for laboratory study.
Drug-induced liver disease is usually a result of metabolites that could affect the cell and tissue biochemistry directly or result in an immune response which was found in this study as the occurrence of several Vascular Sacs directly attached to the liver in all rats present in group 2 and 3. The sac ranged in size from 0.5 cm-1 cm compared to control that lacked the presence of any vascular sac.
Liver in both treatment groups showed several abnormalities after treatment compared to Group 1 which includes Karyolysis, pyknosis and Karyohexsis. Atrophy and necrosis in addition to degeneration of hepatocytes was seen.
In conclusion, Interstop has shown remarkable damaging effects on the Liver, especially when used without medical awareness and at higher doses than recommended, hence, leading to Hepatocyte abnormalities increasing organs malfunction and performance deficiency after long time of treatment.
study of some mechanical and thermal properties for a composite material of a polymeric basis reinforced by natural material shells
Authors: Ahmad Ghedan Ahmad  , Adnan Raad Ahmed  
Published: April 2023

This study includes the possibility of using the agricultural residues shell (walnut and pistachio) as a filler in epoxy resins as an alternative to wood and plastic based ingredients. specimens of composite materials were prepared by using hand lay-up method .These specimens were represented by two groups of composite materials that consist of epoxy resin as a material matrix reinforced with walnut shell powder once, and pistachio shell powder again with different weight ratios (11%, 15% and 19%). Mechanical tests (impact, hardness, bending) and some physical tests (thermal conductivity, absorption) were carried out. All the results were done at the temperature of the lab. The results of the specimens tests prepared showed an improvement in the impact strength when adding the minutes of the pistachio shell by ratio 15% where it reached (12.9 KJ/m2), while it saw a decrease in the composite reinforced by walnut shell powder at the same ratio (6.3 KJ/m2), The hardness of the composites also improved at the addition ratio 19% where it reached (83.2 N/m2) in the composites reinforced by the minutes of the walnut shell and (81.9 N/m2) in the composites reinforced by minutes of pistachio shell, Bending resistance also increased to the highest value at the addition ratio 19% to (56.82 N/mm2) in the composites reinforced by the minutes of the walnut shell and (54.4 N/mm2) in the composites reinforced by the minutes of the pistachio shell..On the other hand, physical measurement showed a slight increase in the values of thermal conductivity and absorption. The results indicate that the composite material reinforced with pistachio shell powder have higher values in impact, bending and thermal conductivity tests and lower values for hardness and water absorption tests when compared with composite material reinforced with walnut shell powder.
The protective role of the alcoholic extract crude of the Plantago ovata plant seed compared with zinc against the toxicity of cadmium chloride on some biochemical and histological parameters in the male reproductive system of the white rat
Authors: Mohammed Shwish Saleh  , Qasim Azeez Razooqi  
Published: April 2023

This study was designed to find out the protective role of the alcohol Extract crude of plantago ovata compared to zinc, on some functional and histological criteria in male rats treated with cadmium chloride. The study was conducted in the animal house of Tikrit University / College of Veterinary Medicine for 30 days, 35 male white rats were used which were randomly divided into seven groups (5 animals per group). It was observed that the treatment of rats with CdCl2 resulted in a significant decrease (P≤0.01) in the SSH, ICSH and testosterone hormones compared to the control group, while the dose of rats treated with cadmium chloride with the ethanol extract of plantago ovata seeds and the food supplement resulted in significant increases in the concentration of SSH hormones, ICSH And testosterone compared to treatment with cadmium chloride, Likewise, when healthy rats are dosed with the ethanol extract of plantago ovata seeds and zinc, we notice a significant increase in SSH, ICSH, and testosterone compared to control. The study showed that the treatment of rats with cadmium chloride and that a clear negative tissue change in the testes was represented by the destruction of the basal membrane of the seminal tubules and a small number of sperm cells, The dose of rats treated with CdCl2 with extract and zinc resulted in a clear histological improvement.
The effects of vitamin D in polycystic ovarian syndrome
Authors: Najwa Abdulla Mohammed  , Ammar  Lateef  Hussein  , Atheer Rashed Atia  
Published: April 2023

The common endocrine disorder in women is that Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) specially in reproductive age. The study included 60 women suffer from the PCOS attending the obstetrics and gynecology unit in Kirkuk General Hospital, ages ranged from 18 to 42 years old. Also, the study included 30 non PCOS women as a control group. To assess the effect of Vitamin D in women suffering from polycystic ovarian syndrome. Serum Vitamin D was evaluated using Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. The study reported that 58.3% of PCOS women enrolled in this study were within the age group 16- 25 year. The study reported that the BMI of PCOS women was (mean 30.98 ± 4.02) Kg/cm2, whereas (22.77±2.52) Kg/cm2 of the control group (P: 0.0004). A significant difference recorded in the study in the Vitamin D levels in Polycystic overian syndrom women compared to the healthy group (mean 18.69±5.11 25.99±5.70).
Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Ground and Tap Water of Chamchamal City - Sulaymaniyah Governorate / Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Authors: Hassan A.A. Al-Jumaily  , Omar A.M. Mohammad  , Bushra R. Rasheed  
Published: April 2023

This study focused to determine the heavy metals (i.e. arsenic, copper, chromium, cadmium, cobalt, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, lead and zinc) content in ground and tap water, and their health impacts in Chamchamal city, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, north-eastern Iraq. Twenty five samples were collected (i.e. thirteen groundwater and twelve tab water samples). The inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry technology (ICP-MS), was used to measure the contents of those metals.
The Heavy metal Pollution Index (HPI) values of some ground and tap waters in the northern part of the study area are moderately polluted. Whereas, far north east of the studied area registered (highly polluted) with heavy metals which could be related to the industrial activities and filtration of these heavy metals from soil to water. Moreover, this study shows that there is no carcinogenic health risk of heavy metals in the studied area. The hazard index (HI) values of the ground and tap water samples in Chamchamal city appears to be less than one for all heavy metals in adults and children. The carcinogenic risk (CR) for arsenic, chromium and lead within the ground and the tap water are within the acceptable range for both adults and children.
Use of the Ne-213 Organic Scintillator for the Reducti on of Compton Distribution from Gamma-Ray Spectra
Authors: Mahmoud A.Elawi  , Saad N. Yaqoub  , Fadi H. Khidhr  
Published: April 2023

A method of reducing the Compton distribution from gamma-ray spectra recorded by Nal(Tl) detector using the NE-213 organic scintillator is presented. The similarity of the Compton distributions between both detectors may allow subtracting the NE-213 spectrum from the Nal(Tl) spectrum after making certain calibrations in energy, resolution and count rate at the Compton peak. The method is applied by using the ¹³⁷Cs and ⁶⁰Co gamma-ray standard sources. The "photopeak" spectra obtained showed that the Compton distribution may be highly reduced and the photopeaks are very well isolated
Studying The Characteristic Parameters and External Freedom Degree of Polyethylene in different Molecular Weights By Hole Theory
Authors: Shanay Rajab Hasan  , Saygin M. Nuri  
Published: April 2023

The external degree of freedom of linear and branched molecules of polymers played an important role in new polymer synthesis. The theory Simha-Somcynsky (SS) which established for the first time the statistical thermodynamics and polymers state of equation, using the mean field theory )that does not depend on the structural of materials). Expressed through the zeroth-order mean field theory through the hole vaccume cells as a measure of irregularity in the lattice. The (SS) theory has achieved quantitative success in statistical thermodynamics of polymers. The SS theory has been applied to extract the external degrees of freedom for polyethylene at different molecular weights. The external degree of freedom is very important parameter to specify the thermodynaics characteristic parameters. Applying SS hole theory, the thermodynamic properties of polyethylene was studied for temperature from 353K up to 473 and pressure from o.1Mpa up to150 Mpa. The minimum and maximum deviations in specific volume was found to be 0.045 (PE2100) and 1.138 (PE156) respectively..
On stability Conditions of Pareto Autoregressive model
Authors: Osama A. Hamdi  , Azher A. Mohammad  , Mundher A. Khaleel  
Published: April 2023

This paper concerned with studding a stability conditions of the proposed non-linear autoregressive time series model Known as Pareto Autoregressive model, acronym is defined by Pareto . A dynamical method Known as local linearization approximation method was used to obtain the stability condition of a non-zero singular point of Pareto model. In addition, we obtain the orbital stability condition of a limit cycle in terms of model parameters when the Pareto possesses a limit cycle with period .
The effect of Trichomnas Muris parasite on some blood standards in mice.
Authors: Azhar abbas Ashour  
Published: April 2023

This study was conducted in College of Science, University of Mosul, it aims to identify the intestinal parasites that affect mice and their effect, this was done by collecting 37 mice, 22 of which were used as a control group, when a microscopic examination of the contents of the intestines of these animals is observed the presence of parasites Triohomonas Muris, during the period 2l10l2019 to 20l1l2020.
The number of mice infected with one parasite was 12 mice infected with two parasites was nine, while the rest were free of intestinal parasites.
With regard to the effect of these parasites on their hosts, an intestinal decrease was observed in the value of both haemoglobin and the volume of compressed blood cells in each of the infected mice compared to the controlled group. The infection, especially the double effect in the mice, caused an significant increase on the total number of white blood cells and an increase in the number of neutrophils and eosinophils and a significant decrease in numbers of lymphocytes cells at p>o.05
The effect of Some hepatic worms on adult sheep liver
Authors: Balqees Mohamed sulieman  , Idrees khalaf Thamer  , Omaima Ibrahim Mahmood  
Published: April 2023

The current experiment previous from beginning of September 2019 until March 2020 and a It checkup 165 liver tissue of adult sheep from both sexes slaughtered in slaughterhouses and butchers' stores in Salahuddin Governorat.
Since the liver is one of the important organs where most of the body's metabolism activities occur in it, as it performs the metabolism of protein, metabolism of fats and the formation of bile, and the liver works to reduce toxic substances entering the body and plays a role in the immune response of the body so diseases that Liver disease affects animals directly [1].
The results are shown through macroscopic and histological examinations in the examined livers, presence of both acute and chronic phases. Where the chronic phase was the dominant, and showed infiltration of the inflammatory cells represented by lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma and eosinophils, as well as many necrotic foci, characterized by proliferation of fibrous tissue and thickening and expansion of the bile ducts compared to liver. The natural non-infection liver without fasciola hepatica whose cells are in form of polygonal rows in a radial order and each hepatic cell has a dark colored
A bacteriological and histopathological study of sheep pneumonia in Salah Aldeen Governorate
Authors: Noor W. AL-Yousif  , Nihad Abdul-Hussain Jafar  , Bader Khatlan Hameed  
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to isolate and diagnose the bacterial pathogens that causes pneumonia in sheep, study the biochemical and histopathological changes in lung tissue of infected animals and determining the most effective types of antibiotics for treating sheep diseased with pneumonia. 150 samples (50 nasal swabs, 50 tracheal samples, 50 lungs samples from slaughtered sheep) were collected randomly from different areas of Salah Aldeen governorate during the period (September 2019 till January 2020) .
The results showed that no significant differences in the values between positive and negative results from nasal, tracheal and infected lungs at a probability level P< 0.05. And showed that Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia are two main bacterial causes of pneumonia in sheep .
In macroscopic examination the prominent lesion in most lung samples was congestion and presence of emphysema with an expansion of the bronchitis and found that the most common type of pneumonia infection is broncho pneumonia.
All the isolated bacterial species; however, show sensitivity to the antibiotics chloramphenicol and trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole except Pasteurella Spp., that it shows resistance to trimethoprim+ sulfamethoxazole.
The protective effect of common fig (Ficus carica L.) leaves extract on testes of white rats (Rattus norvegicus) against paracetamol (Acetaminophen) drug.
Authors: Noori Taha Alkhafaji  , Waad Sabri Shaher  
Published: April 2023

Aim :This study to investigate the protective effect of Ficus carica leaves extract against the effect of paracetamol.
Material and methods:In the present study used (40) male rats (Rattus norvegicus) (2.5-3) months old, weighting (200-250)g were randomly divided into (4) groups of (10 rats/group). The first group (control group), the second group (paracetamol group), the third group (Fc leaves extract group), the fourth group (Fc leaves extract + paracetamol group) . the first group were given (0.5 ml) distilled water, the second group were given paracetamol with dosage (1000 mg/kg) , the third group were given alcoholic extract of F. carica leaves by dosage (250 mg /kg ), the fourth group were given paracetamol by dosage (1000 mg /kg) and after two hours given (250 mg /kg) alcoholic extract of F. carica leaves, all groups were treated with doses between day and another for six weeks.
Results:The results of the present study showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) to the relative weight of the testicles , the head and tail of the epididymis, the seminal vesicles of male rats in the paracetamol group compared with the control group and Fc leaves extract group, while showed treated by alcoholic extract of F. carica leaves after paracetamol an improvement in the relative weight of the testicles , the head and tail of the epididymis , the seminal vesicles in Fc leaves extract group and Fc leaves extract + paracetamol compared with paracetmol and control group. For the histopathological study showed occurrence histopathological changes of paracetamol drug , represented as complete stop of spermatogenesis, atrophy and hypoplasia of leydig cells, congestion of blood vessels, pyknosis of nucleus of primary spermatogonia, hemorrhage between seminferous tubules, tunca albugenia and exfoliation of seminferous tubules as cellular debris.
Conclusions: The paracetamol led to pathological changes in the tissues of male rat testes. It was represented by a complete cessation of spermatogenesis and a loss of the developmental stages of this process,while The alcoholic extract of F. carica leaves had protective effect against the influence of paracetamol.
Determination of IFN -γ and TNF -α levels in serum of patients with Cutaneous leishmaniasis
Authors: Huda M. Taher  , Shihab A. Mohammed  , Ayhan R. Mahmood  
Published: April 2023

Cutaneous leishmaniasis, is common parasitic disease in Iraq, it is caused by unicellular protozoa that belong to the genus Leishmania which infecting human macrophages, and it is induce human humoral and cellular immune responses. Many cytokines are excreted during this response, however IFN -γ and TNF -α are the most important factors in the inception of immunity against leishmania spp. The present study aimed to estimate the serum level of TNF-α and IFN-Ƴ in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Out of 62 patients with CL lesion the infection rate was higher in males 36 (58%) than females 26 (42%), also the highest infection rate 29 (46.8%) was in age group (less than 1 -10years), and the lowest infection rate 18 (2.4%) was in the age group (51-60). Blood samples collected from 62 patients with CL and 27 healthy individual. The results showed that the level of serum IFN-Y (38.23 pg/mL) in patients with CL was significantly higher than control group (21.98 pg/mL). As well as the results indicated a significantly increase in the levels of TNF-α in patients serum with CL (46.53 pg / mL) than control group (23 pg / ml).
Fabrication and study of a single Basin Double-slope solar distilled
Authors: Yaseen H. Mahmood  , Ahmed A. Rajab  
Published: April 2023

Solar distillation is a simple, cheap technique for obtaining safe water where either solar radiation or heat is required as a source of energy for evaporation and condensation, in this research a solar distilled form of local materials with one basin and two miles, and the examination and measurement was conducted in the Door- Salahaddin area along a longline and latitude (34.46 ), east of the Tigris River, the characteristics of the factory distilled and the heat transfer process were studied. The following results were obtained in March, the high temperature of water and glass over time, and the increase in efficiency over time to reach the highest efficiency by 40%. Distilled is a good choice for saving water, cheap and practical.