bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shock Cooling and Possible Precursor Emission in the Early Light Curve of the Type II SN 2023ixf
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Griffin , Farah Joseph , Shrestha Manisha , Sand David J. , Dong 董 Yize 一泽 , Brown Peter J. , Bostroem K. Azalee , Valenti Stefano , Jha Saurabh W. , Andrews Jennifer E. , Arcavi Iair , Haislip Joshua , Hiramatsu Daichi , Hoang Emily , Howell D. Andrew , Janzen Daryl , Jencson Jacob E. , Kouprianov Vladimir , Lundquist Michael , McCully Curtis , Meza Retamal Nicolas E. , Modjaz Maryam , Newsome Megan , Gonzalez Estefania Padilla , Pearson Jeniveve , Pellegrino Craig , Ravi Aravind P. , Reichart Daniel E. , Smith Nathan , Terreran Giacomo , Vinkó József 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We present the densely sampled early light curve of the Type II supernova (SN) 2023ixf, first observed within hours of explosion in the nearby Pinwheel Galaxy (Messier 101; 6.7 Mpc). Comparing these data to recently updated models of shock-cooling emission, we find that the progenitor likely had a radius of 410 ± 10 R
⊙. Our estimate is model dependent but consistent with a red supergiant. These models provide a good fit to the data starting about 1 day after the explosion, despite the fact that the classification spectrum shows signatures of circumstellar material around SN 2023ixf during that time. Photometry during the first day after the explosion, provided almost entirely by amateur astronomers, does not agree with the shock-cooling models or a simple power-law rise fit to data after 1 day. We consider the possible causes of this discrepancy, including precursor activity from the progenitor star, circumstellar interaction, and emission from the shock before or after it breaks out of the stellar surface. The very low luminosity (−11 mag > M > −14 mag) and short duration of the initial excess lead us to prefer a scenario related to prolonged emission from the SN shock traveling through the progenitor system.
Possible Detection of the Progenitor of the Type II Supernova SN 2023ixf
Authors: Pledger Joanne L , Shara Michael M 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Stellar evolution theory predicts multiple pathways to the explosive deaths of stars as supernovae. Locating and characterizing the progenitors of well-studied supernovae is important to constrain the theory and to justify and design future surveys to improve on progenitor detections. Here we report the serendipitous preexplosion imaging, by the Hubble Space Telescope, of SN 2023ixf, one of the nearest extragalactic supernovae ever discovered, in the galaxy M101. The extremely red color and absolute magnitude

M

F
814
W

=
−

5.11

−
0.47

+
0.65

mag suggest that the progenitor was a red supergiant. Comparison with stellar evolutionary isochrones suggests it is within the relatively low initial mass range of ∼8–10 M
⊙ and that there is likely a lot of dust present at the supernova site.
Two Candidate Obscured Tidal Disruption Events Coincident with High-energy Neutrinos
Authors: Jiang Ning , Zhou Ziying , Zhu Jiazheng , Wang Yibo , Wang Tinggui 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Recently, three optical tidal disruption event (TDE) candidates discovered by the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) have been suggested to be coincident with high-energy neutrinos. They all exhibit unusually strong dust infrared echoes, with their peak times matching the neutrino arrival time even better than the optical peaks. We hereby report on two new TDE candidates that are spatially and temporally coincident with neutrinos by matching our sample of mid-infrared outbursts in nearby galaxies (MIRONG) with Gold alerts of IceCube high-energy neutrino events up to 2022 June. The two candidates show negligible optical variability according to their ZTF light curves and can therefore be classified as part of the growing population of obscured TDE candidates. The chance probability of finding two such candidates is about ∼3% by redistributing the MIRONG sources randomly in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey footprint, which will be as low as ∼0.1% (or ∼0.2%) if we limit to sources with increased fluxes (or variability amplitudes) comparable with the two matched sources. Our findings further support the potential connection between high-energy neutrinos and TDEs in dusty environments by increasing the total number of neutrino-associated TDE and TDE candidates to five, although the underlying physics remains poorly understood.
Hours-long Near-UV/Optical Emission from Mildly Relativistic Outflows in Black Hole–Neutron Star Mergers
Authors: Gottlieb Ore , Issa Danat , Jacquemin-Ide Jonatan , Liska Matthew , Tchekhovskoy Alexander , Foucart Francois , Kasen Daniel , Perna Rosalba , Quataert Eliot , Metzger Brian D. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The ongoing LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA observing run O4 provides an opportunity to discover new multimessenger events, including binary neutron star (BNS) mergers such as GW170817 and the highly anticipated first detection of a multimessenger black hole–neutron star (BH–NS) merger. While BNS mergers were predicted to exhibit early optical emission from mildly relativistic outflows, it has remained uncertain whether the BH–NS merger ejecta provides the conditions for similar signals to emerge. We present the first modeling of early near-ultraviolet/optical emission from mildly relativistic outflows in BH–NS mergers. Adopting optimal binary properties, a mass ratio of q = 2, and a rapidly rotating BH, we utilize numerical relativity and general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations to follow the binary’s evolution from premerger to homologous expansion. We use an M1 neutrino transport GRMHD simulation to self-consistently estimate the opacity distribution in the outflows and find a bright near-ultraviolet/optical signal that emerges due to jet-powered cocoon cooling emission, outshining the kilonova emission at early time. The signal peaks at an absolute magnitude of ∼−15 a few hours after the merger, longer than previous estimates, which did not consider the first principles–based jet launching. By late 2024, the Rubin Observatory will have the capability to track the entire signal evolution or detect its peak up to distances of ≳1 Gpc. In 2026, ULTRASAT will conduct all-sky surveys within minutes, detecting some of these events within ∼200 Mpc. The BH–NS mergers with higher mass ratios or lower BH spins would produce shorter and fainter signals.
Comparison of Dynamic Vault Changes Following Implantation of Two Different Models of Phakic Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Brar Sheetal , Wadhokar Sanjali Tadas , Sriganesh Supriya Samak , Sriganesh  
Published: August 2023

Purpose:
To compare the dynamic vault range (the difference in the central vault height from scotopic to photopic light condition) after implantation of the ICL/TICL (STAAR Surgical) and Eyecryl phakic/Eyecryl phakic toric intraocular lens (IOL) (Biotech Healthcare).

Methods:
This retrospective study included patients with myopia or myopic astigmatism eligible for phakic IOL implantation with either the ICL/TICL or Eyecryl phakic/Eyecryl phakic toric IOL. Vault changes in varying light conditions (scotopic, mesopic, and photopic) were assessed using an anterior segment optical coherence tomography–based tomographer and dynamic vault range (DVR) was compared between the two groups.

Results:

A total of 60 eyes from 36 patients (30 eyes in each group) with a mean age of 28.63 ± 6.36 years were included. The mean postoperative follow-up at the time of assessment was 9.4 ± 5.3 and 8.9 ± 5.28 months (
P
= .75) in the ICL and Eyecryl groups, respectively. The mean values of scotopic, mesopic, and photopic vault were 490.56 ± 238.64, 453.56 ± 224.30, and 373.96 ± 200.24 μm in the ICL group and 515.46 ± 174.34, 490.26 ± 184.04, 450.43 ± 173.92 μm in the Eyecryl group (
P =
.32, .24, and .05, respectively). The DVR was 116.6 ± 59.29 μm in the ICL group versus 65.03 ± 31.78 μm in the Eyecryl group (
P
< .001).

Conclusions:
The Eyecryl phakic IOL showed significantly fewer light-induced changes in the central vault height (DVR) compared to the ICL, which may be attributed to the difference in the material of the two phakic IOL models. This may be clinically significant in eyes with low postoperative vaults with respect to their follow-up and risk assessment of cataractogenesis in the long term.

[
J Refract Surg.
2023;39(8):546–554.]
4-Octyl Itaconate and Dimethyl Fumarate Induce Secretion of the Anti-Inflammatory Protein Annexin A1 via NRF2
Authors: Diskin Ciana , Day Emily A , Henry Órlaith C , Toller-Kawahisa Juliana E , O’Neill Luke A J 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Annexin A1 is a key anti-inflammatory effector protein that is involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids. 4-Octyl itaconate (4-OI), a derivative of the endogenous metabolite itaconate, which is abundantly produced by LPS-activated macrophages, has recently been identified as a potent anti-inflammatory agent. The anti-inflammatory effects of 4-OI share a significant overlap with those of dimethyl fumarate (DMF), a derivate of another Krebs cycle metabolite fumarate, which is already in use clinically for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. In this study we show that both 4-OI and DMF induce secretion of the 33-kDa form of annexin A1 from murine bone marrow–derived macrophages, an effect that is much more pronounced in LPS-stimulated cells. We also show that this 4-OI– and DMF-driven annexin A1 secretion is NRF2-dependent and that other means of activating NRF2 give rise to the same response. Lastly, we demonstrate that the cholesterol transporter ABCA1, which has previously been implicated in annexin A1 secretion, is required for this process in macrophages. Our findings contribute to the growing body of knowledge on the anti-inflammatory effects of the Krebs cycle metabolite derivatives 4-OI and DMF.
Nebulised fentanyl, dexmedetomidine and magnesium sulphate for attenuation of haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation: A double-blinded, randomised comparative study
Authors: Grover Niharika , Taneja Rashmi , Rashid Yawar , Shrivastava Neha 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background and Aims:
Direct laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation cause an increase in heart rate (HR) and blood pressure, called as pressor response. This study aimed to compare nebulised forms of fentanyl, dexmedetomidine and magnesium sulphate to attenuate the haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation.

Methods:
This double-blinded, randomised study was conducted on 90 patients undergoing elective surgery requiring endotracheal intubation. Nebulisation was done with fentanyl 1 μg/kg (Group A), dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg (Group B) and magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) (40 mg/kg) (Group C). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and HR were recorded before nebulisation (T0), post-nebulisation (T1) and at 2, 5 and 10 min after intubation (T2, T3, T4). The statistical analysis for comparing continuous variables between the groups was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and a P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
Compared to T0, an increase in HR at T2 and T3 was seen in Group A only, which reached baseline values at T4 (P values <0.0001 and 0.037, respectively). No HR value was higher than the baseline readings in groups B and C. The decreasing trend of SBP, DBP and MAP was seen in all three groups. Groups B and C had a statistically significant decrease in all the values from baseline (P values <0.0001).

Conclusion:
Nebulised form of dexmedetomidine (1 μg/kg) and magnesium (40 mg/kg) seems to be superior to fentanyl (1 μg/kg) in blunting the stress response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation.
Comparison of ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block and caudal epidural block for postoperative analgesia in paediatric lower abdominal surgeries: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ranjan Vivek , Singh Swati 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background and Aims:
Ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is an effective technique for postoperative analgesia in lower abdominal surgeries. This study aims to compare the duration and efficacy of an ultrasound-guided TAP block with those of a caudal epidural for paediatric unilateral lower abdominal surgeries.

Methods:
After ethical approval, sixty children aged 1 to 9 years were randomised into ultrasound-guided TAP block or caudal block with general anaesthesia for unilateral lower abdominal surgeries. The primary endpoint was time for the first rescue analgesia in the postoperative period. The secondary endpoints were total postoperative opioid consumption, modified Children Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS) and the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry and Consolability (FLACC) scale in the postoperative period.

Results:
The mean time for first rescue analgesia was 11.33 ± 2.80 h in the TAP block group, while in the caudal group, it was 13.18 ± 2.67 h (95% confidence interval [CI] mean difference 2.58–10.58, P = 0.017). The total postoperative morphine requirement was comparable in both groups at both 12 h (TAP block group 0.50 ± 0.12 mg vs. caudal block group 0.56 ± 0.12 mg, 95% CI mean difference 0.09–0.02, P = 0.08) and 24 h (TAP block group 0.96 ± 0.30 mg vs. caudal block group 0.81 ± 0.34 mg, 95% CI mean difference 0.06–0.32, P = 0.06) time period.

Conclusion:
The mean time for first rescue analgesia was lesser in the TAP block group as compared to caudal group.
Efficacy of intravenous dexmedetomidine-lignocaine infusion compared to morphine for intraoperative haemodynamic stability in modified radical mastectomy: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Jose Annu , Kaniyil Suvarna , Ravindran Rashmi 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background and Aims:
In recent times, non-opioid analgesic-based anaesthesia has been gaining popularity as it can achieve the goals of hypnosis, amnesia, and haemodynamic stability while avoiding opioid side effects. Our study compares the efficacy of opioid-free anaesthesia and opioid-based general anaesthesia regarding intraoperative haemodynamic stability, anaesthetic requirements, awareness, and recovery profile.

Methods:
After receiving ethical approval and registering the trial, we conducted this randomised, single-blinded study on American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I and II patients who were aged 18–65 and were scheduled for modified radical mastectomy under general anaesthesia. Patients were randomised into two groups of 60 each. Group DL received IV dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg loading over 10 min, 10 min before induction and 0.5 μg/kg/h infusion after that along with IV lignocaine 1.5 mg/kg at bolus followed by 1.5 mg/kg/h infusion. Group MN received IV morphine 0.15 mg/kg. Standard monitoring and general anaesthesia protocol were followed. Intraoperative haemodynamics, anaesthetic requirement, extubation time, and recovery profile were monitored. Data were analysed using Stata version 14 software, and statistical tests (Chi-squared test for qualitative variables, unpaired t-test and Mann–Whitney U test for quantitative variables) were performed.

Results:
Both groups had comparable haemodynamic stability (P > 0.05). Group DL had a significantly lower propofol requirement for induction and maintenance (P < 0.001). Ramsay sedation score (P = 0.002) and extubation time (P = 0.029) were significantly higher in Group MN. The recovery profile was favourable in Group DL, with there being lower postoperative complications.

Conclusion:
Dexmedetomidine and lignocaine IV infusion demonstrated stable intraoperative haemodynamic stability, lower anaesthetic requirement, and better recovery profile than morphine without significant complications.
Incidence and risk factors for emergence delirium in children undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia – A prospective, observational study
Authors: Devi E Adithi , Nagaprasad YVS Ravi , Shiva P V , Nirmalan Praveen 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background and Aims:
Emergence delirium (ED) is a common complication after general anaesthesia (GA) in children, with an incidence of 2%–80%. This study evaluated the incidence and risk factors for ED in children undergoing surgery under GA.

Methods:
This observational, prospective study was conducted in 336 children of either gender aged 2–13 years scheduled for surgeries under GA. Preoperative anxiety and demographics were noted. Paediatric Anaesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale, Watcha scale, and Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) scale were monitored 30 min postsurgery. A PAED score ≥12 and a Watcha scale score ≥3 were taken as ED. The primary outcome was the incidence of ED. An adjusted multivariate linear regression model explored the association with ED.

Results:
The incidence of ED was 3.87% (n = 13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.80, 5.94). ED was significantly associated with male sex (β coefficient 0.06, 95% CI: 0.003, 0.11) and severe preoperative anxiety (β coefficient 0.07, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.12) in a multivariate linear regression model adjusted for other confounders. When pain scores were added to the regression model, ED was significantly associated only with pain at 0 and 10 min after surgery (P values 0.005 and 0.002, respectively). Both PAED (AUROC 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98, 1.00) and Watcha (AUROC 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98, 1.00) scores showed an excellent ability to detect ED.

Conclusion:
The incidence of ED was 3.87% (95% CI: 1.80, 5.94) and was significantly associated with male sex, severe preoperative anxiety and pain.
Thromboprophylaxis practices in neurocritical care—A cross-sectional survey among neurocritical care practitioners
Authors: Sinha Sharmili , Ahuja Bhuvna , Pandit Rahul , Mishra Rajesh , Chatterjee Ranajit , Choudhuri Anirban H 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background and Aims:
Thromboprophylaxis practice patterns are quite diverse in neurocritical care patients. The risk of venous thromboembolism remains high in this group due to prolonged immobilised status, extended length of stay and multiple comorbidities. The aim was to comprehend the thromboprophylaxis practices among neurocritical care practitioners in India.

Methods:
The cross-sectional online questionnaire-based survey was undertaken among the neurocritical care practitioners. Two investigators framed two sets of 15 questions in the first stage and reviewed them with experts. In the second stage, a set of 22 questions was prepared by a third investigator and pretested among ten experts. The questions were emailed to the participants with a link to the survey. The responses were analysed using Statistical Package For The Social Sciences software.

Results:
Of the 185 responses, 53% reported that thromboprophylaxis is practised less often in neurocritical care than in general critical care. The usage of pharmacoprophylaxis among neurosurgical cases, traumatic brain injuries and brain strokes varies widely. There was a preference to use pharmacoprophylaxis in patients with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) below nine among many (68.2%), and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) was the preferred choice in such cases. The reluctance to use heparin because of fear of bleed was high (82%). Most (78.9%) believed pharmacoprophylaxis could reduce venous thromboembolic events (VTEs) and mortality.

Conclusion:
Thromboprophylaxis practices among neurocritical care patients remain quite heterogeneous. There is a dilemma in patients with intracranial haemorrhagic lesions regarding pharmacoprophylaxis.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) Assessment Survey Regarding Oral Mucormycosis after the Covid-19 Pandemic among Dentists in Tricity (Chandigarh, Panchkula and Mohali)
Authors: Saini Monica , Verma Richa , Jain Ashish , Arora Suraj , Saluja Priyanka , Saquib Shahabe Abullais , Thakkar Radhika , Abdulla Anshad M. , Ali Ahmed Babiker Mohamed , Grover Vishakha 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Mucormycosis is a rare, rapidly progressing opportunistic fungal infection which came into a sudden limelight during the second wave of COVID-19 in India.

Aims and Objective:
The present study was conducted to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice assessment of oral mucormycosis among dentists in tri-city (Chandigarh, Panchkula, and Mohali) after COVID-19.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional, web-based survey was carried out among 150 dentists with a response rate of 87.3%. The survey consisted of 15 questions pertaining to knowledge and attitude, whereas a third section of questions regarding practices based on their encounter of attending mucormycosis patients. To ensure maximum participation, snowball and convenience sampling were utilized, and the results were analyzed by descriptive statistics.

Results:
Dentists demonstrated a decent knowledge about oral mucormycosis, but there was still a lack of awareness pertaining to reasons for developing mucormycosis after COVID and its correlation with COVID-19’s variant. The study participants revealed coherent opinions about most questions except the diagnostic methods. A very few dentists attended to mucormycosis patients in their clinical practice.

Conclusion:
Overall, the current work reported the knowledge and clinical experience of the dentists regarding COVID-19-associated mucormycosis and emphasizes on improving the knowledge and awareness of dentists in this area for better management of such cases with diligent diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.
Quantitative and Qualitative Assessment of Enamel Surface following Two Composite Removal Methods after Bracket Debonding
Authors: Kundal Sunegha , Walia Pawanjit Singh , Shokeen Tulika , Bansal Anubhav , Janmeda Dushyant Singh 
Published: August 2023

Aims:
To evaluate and compare morphology and roughness of the enamel surface after debonding and polishing by two methods: aluminum oxide disks (Shofu, Super-Snap) and 30-fluted tungsten carbide bur (Strauss and Co.) using a surface roughness tester and a scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively.

Subjects and Methods:
For this study, we selected 15 orthodontic patients with bonded metal brackets. After the completion of fixed orthodontic treatment, metal brackets for the maxillary central incisors were removed with a debonding plier. For every patient, teeth were chosen on a random basis to be finished and polished with Super-Snap aluminum oxide disks on one side (n = 15) and with 30-fluted tungsten carbide bur (n = 15) on the other side. Epoxy resin was used to obtain the replicas of maxillary anterior teeth (before and after tooth polishing). SEM analysis was done for five samples from each group.

Results:
The average roughness after resin removal in the 30-fluted tungsten carbide bur group (0.328 mm ± 0.099) was found to be significantly higher when compared to the Super-Snap aluminum oxide disks (0.299 mm ± 0.109).

Conclusions:
The Super-Snap aluminum oxide disks resulted in superior finishing and polishing than 30-fluted tungsten carbide bur.