bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postcode osteoarthritis: geographic inequities in hip and knee arthroplasty
Authors: Stowers Marinus D. J. , Gibson Alexandria , Gupta Anshuman , Pohl Margy J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundIt is suspected that there are differences in access to orthopaedic care within New Zealand (NZ), due to inter‐hospital differences in scoring thresholds for surgical eligibility. We aimed to evaluate those patients who meet the threshold for publicly funded surgery with regard to both functional disability and severity of radiographic arthritis across three different public hospitals to assess any discrepancies.MethodsA retrospective review of prospectively collected data over a 12 month period (2018–2019) across three public hospitals (Auckland City, North Shore and Whangārei hospitals) in NZ was performed. Patients undergoing primary hip and knee arthroplasty for OA were eligible for the study. Preoperative Oxford Score and the Tonnis and Kellgren‐Lawrence classification systems for hip and knees, respectively, were compared.ResultsA total of 274 scheduled total arthroplasties (161 hips and 113 knees) in 273 patients were included for analysis. The mean Preoperative Oxford scores for individuals with hip OA in Auckland, North Shore and Whangārei were 15.9 (SD 10.5), 14.5 (SD 6.9) and 11.9 (SD 5.7), respectively. The mean Preoperative Oxford scores for individuals with knee OA in Auckland, North Shore and Whangārei were 17.4 (SD 11.9), 18.2 (SD 6.2) and 12.7 (SD 6.9), respectively.ConclusionPatients undergoing hip and knee joint replacement surgery in Whangārei hospital are, on average, more functionally impaired and have more severe radiographic arthritis than those having the same proposed surgery in Auckland and North Shore hospitals.
Morphology of the optic nerve head and factors affecting it in the Northern Finland birth cohort
Authors: Pitkänen Joel , Liinamaa Johanna , Leiviskä Ilmari , Saarela Ville 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeTo assess topographic characteristics of the optic nerve head (ONH) and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and study the effect of ocular and physiological factors on them in a middle‐aged population.MethodsA 1552‐person randomised sample from Northern Finland population aged 45–49 was examined. Laser scanning tomography and optical coherency tomography were performed to obtain measurements for ONH and RNFL morphology. Measurements of the RNFL included global thickness and the six zones used in automated structure–function analysis (S–F analysis). Influence of central corneal thickness (CCT), refractive correction, intraocular pressure (IOP), anterior chamber angle, gender, blood pressure, height, weight and body mass index (BMI) on tomographic data was analysed.ResultsThe optic disc area had a strong correlation with all other parameters of ONH morphology (R = 0.261 to 0.706) as did spherical equivalent (R = −0.280 to 0.280). The correlations between ONH and RNFL measurements were weaker (R = 0.057 to 0.180). Gender, CCT, anterior chamber angle, blood pressure, height and BMI had statistically significant, yet feeble, correlations with a number of ONH parameters.ConclusionOther than spherical equivalent, the studied anatomical and physiological attributes had little predictive value on the ONH morphology. The optic disc area itself had a significant effect on other measurements of ONH tomography and should be taken into consideration when the thresholds for normal ONH morphology are calculated.
Perceptions of the COVID‐19 pandemic as demonstrated in drawings of Swedish children aged 4–6 years
Authors: Sarkadi Anna , Thell Maria , Jirblom Klara 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimTo explore the perceptions of the COVID‐19 pandemic, as expressed in the drawings of Swedish children aged 4–6 years.MethodsWe analysed 91 drawings with associated descriptions submitted to the Swedish Archive of Children's Art from April 2020 to February 2021.ResultsThe visual and text analysis resulted in three themes. First, illustrating the virus and embodying the danger showed that young children understood the invisible enemy, combining realistic elements of the virus particle with fantasies of the ‘virus monster’ that needs to be fought off. Second, life has changed for the worse describes the profound effect the pandemic had on young children's lives also in Sweden, with comparatively mild restrictions and no school closures. Third, the virus spreads across the world, affects people and infects their bodies conveys young children's understanding of the pandemic as an existential challenge affecting the whole world. Children displayed surprisingly high levels of health literacy related to COVID‐19, including contagion routes and the importance of hand hygiene.ConclusionThe drawings of Swedish children aged 4–6 years demonstrated the profound, practical and emotional effects of the pandemic on their lives. Drawings also illuminated young children's level of health literacy regarding COVID‐19.
A generational perspective of family firms' social capital: Interplay between ethical leadership and firm performance
Authors: Sanchez‐Famoso Valeriano , Maseda Amaia , Iturralde Txomin , Alayo Mikel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study proposes and tests a model that integrates ethical leadership, internal social capital, and firm performance in small‐ and medium‐sized family firms at different generational stages. Using the upper echelons theory and the social capital perspective of familiness, this study shows that ethical leadership can explain the effectiveness of certain behaviors in relation to family firm performance. Moreover, social capital helps spread a leader's business ethics to firm members, thus improving the family firm's performance. Our results show that founders' personalities and identities determine high internal social capital, which decreases over generations. The study also shows that internal social capital is a communicative element crucial to ethical leadership, facilitating the absorption of the culture and values of the family in the firm. This powerful resource should be promoted and supported by coherent behavior over time by senior leaders.
Unravelling G protein‐coupled receptor signalling networks using global phosphoproteomics
Authors: Pokhrel Rina , Morgan Alexandra L. , Robinson Harley R. , Stone Martin J. , Foster Simon R. 
Published: February 2023

G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) activation initiates signalling via a complex network of intracellular effectors that combine to produce diverse cellular and tissue responses. Although we have an advanced understanding of the proximal events following receptor stimulation, the molecular detail of GPCR signalling further downstream often remains obscure. Unravelling these GPCR‐mediated signalling networks has important implications for receptor biology and drug discovery. In this context, phosphoproteomics has emerged as a powerful approach for investigating global GPCR signal transduction. Here, we provide a brief overview of the phosphoproteomic workflow and discuss current limitations and future directions for this technology. By highlighting some of the novel insights into GPCR signalling networks gained using phosphoproteomics, we demonstrate the utility of global phosphoproteomics to dissect GPCR signalling networks and to accelerate discovery of new targets for therapeutic development.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue Therapeutic Targeting of G Protein‐Coupled Receptors: hot topics from the Australasian Society of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacologists and Toxicologists 2021 Virtual Annual Scientific Meeting. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.14/issuetoc
Safe space in the woods: Mechanistic spatial models for predicting risks of human–bear conflicts in India
Authors: Puri Mahi , Srivathsa Arjun , Karanth Krithi K. , Patel Imran , Kumar N. Samba 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHuman–wildlife interactions can have negative consequences when they involve large carnivores. Spatial risk modelling could serve as a useful management approach for predicting and pre‐emptively mitigating negative interactions. We present a mechanistic modelling framework and examine interactions between humans and sloth bears (Melursus ursinus) in a multi‐use forest landscape of central India. We first assessed patterns and determinants of bear distribution across the landscape using indirect sign surveys. At the same spatial scale, we then estimated spatial probabilities of bear attacks on people using information from 675 interviews with local residents, incorporating estimates of distribution probabilities from the previous step. We found the average occupancy probability across 128 grid‐cells to be 0.77 (SE = 0.03). Bear occupancy was influenced by terrain ruggedness, forest composition and configuration, vegetation productivity and size of human settlements. The average probability of a bear attack in any given grid‐cell was 0.61 (SE = 0.03), mostly determined by bear occurrence patterns, forest cover, terrain ruggedness, and size of human settlements. Using spatial information on people's dependence on forest resources, we identified locations with the highest risk of bear attacks. Our study demonstrates that human attacks by bears—generally believed to be random or incidental—in fact showed deterministic patterns. Our framework can be applied to other scenarios involving human–wildlife conflicts. Based on our findings, we propose that a proactive co‐management approach which involves collaboration between wildlife managers and local residents could help better manage human–bear conflicts in central India and elsewhere across the species' range.
Mind the GAP—But make it better: Improving the U.S. Gap Analysis Project's protected‐area classification system to better reflect biodiversity conservation
Authors: Dietz Matthew S. , Belote R. Travis , Aplet Gregory H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractProtected areas are foundational to the conservation of biological diversity, and many scientists have called for increased protections in the face of the current extinction and climate‐change crises. Currently in the United States, the most recognized way to track the amount of protected land is the Gap Analysis Project classification system, which we argue is deficient in three ways: it does not, in a systematic way, specify the typical uses and constraints associated with each conservation designation; it is not fine‐tuned or nuanced enough to distinguish the levels of protection among designations within “protected” or “unprotected” areas that allow quite different human activities; and it largely ignores the durability of the designations, failing to account for an area's vulnerability to downsizing, downgrading, or degazetting. We propose a new classification system to address these deficiencies and demonstrate this method for several of the most common federal land designations in the United States.
Concentration QTc analysis of giredestrant: Overcoming QT/heart rate confounding in the presence of drug‐induced heart rate changes
Authors: Brooks Logan , Dolton Michael , Langenhorst Jurgen , Yoshida Kenta , Lien Yi Ting (Kayla) , Malhi Vikram , Li Chunze , Perez‐Moreno Pablo , Bond John , Chen Ya‐Chi , Yu Jiajie 
Published: February 2023

AbstractConcentration‐QTc (C‐QTc) analysis has become a common approach for evaluating proarrhythmic risk and delayed cardiac repolarization of oncology drug candidates. Significant heart rate (HR) change has been associated with certain classes of oncology drugs and can result in over‐ or underestimation of the true QT prolongation risk. Because oncology early clinical trials typically lack a placebo control arm or time‐matched, treatment‐free baseline electrocardiogram collection, significant HR change brings additional challenges to C‐QTc analysis in the oncology setting. In this work, a spline‐based correction method (QTcSPL) was explored to mitigate the impact of HR changes in giredestrant C‐QTc analysis. Giredestrant is a selective estrogen receptor degrader being developed for the treatment of patients with estrogen receptor‐positive (ER+) breast cancer. A dose‐related HR decrease has been observed in patients under giredestrant treatment, with significant reductions (>10 bpm) observed at supratherapeutic doses. The QTcSPL method demonstrated superior functionality to reduce the correlation between QTc and HR as compared with the Fridericia correction (QTcF). The effect of giredestrant exposure on QTc was evaluated at the clinical dose of 30 mg and supratherapeutic dose of 100 mg based on a prespecified linear mixed effect model. The upper 90% confidence interval of ΔQTcSPL and ΔQTcF were below the 10 ms at both clinical and supratherapeutic exposures, suggesting giredestrant has a low risk of QT prolongation at clinically relevant concentrations. This work demonstrated the use case of QTcSPL to address HR confounding challenges in the context of oncology drug development for the first time.
T follicular helper phenotype mycosis fungoides associated with acanthosis nigricans
Authors: Spigariolo Cristina B. , Berti Emilio , Cerri Amilcare , Venegoni Luigia , Croci Giorgio , Violetti Silvia Alberti 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe association between acanthosis nigricans (AN) and mycosis fungoides (MF) has rarely been described, but it is known that MF may appear as AN‐like vegetating and papillomatous plaques in skin folds, or may be associated with paraneoplastic AN. There have also been recent descriptions of a form of “intertriginous MF” that is characterized by skin fold involvement and the expression of T follicular helper (TFH) markers, and that often has an aggressive course. We describe the case of a 48‐year‐old man affected by MF associated with AN, whose lesions were characterized by a TFH immunophenotype and the expression of the GATA‐3 nuclear master regulator that may be related to a TFH‐2 subpopulation or possible disease progression.
Transgenic skin biomechanical properties following first lifesaving epidermal regeneration using combined gene and cell therapy
Authors: Yeni Burcu , Dermietzel Alexander , Varnava Charalampos , Wiebringhaus Philipp , Aitzetmueller Matthias , Klietz Marie‐Luise , Hirsch Tobias , Kueckelhaus Maximilian 
Published: February 2023

SummaryBackgroundIn 2017, we reported the first life‐saving regeneration of virtually an entire epidermis by combined gene and stem cell therapy. Recently, we demonstrated excellent long‐term stability of this transgenic epidermis. Skin quality in this experimental approach and its potential application in other conditions were elucidated here regarding long‐term outcomes of biomechanical properties.Patients and methodsAnalysis of biomechanical properties including skin elasticity, anisotropy and friction was performed on multiple body sites 24, 36 and 60 months following transplantation. Firstly, the sites were matched against and compared to remaining stable non‐transgenic areas as well as to a control group of 13 healthy subjects. Parameters for skin elasticity, deformation and friction were assessed non‐invasively.ResultsBiomechanical properties of the transgenic epidermis showed encouraging results in comparison to both the remaining stable non‐transgenic skin as well as healthy controls. Skin elasticity was comparable to the controls. Skin friction showed some decrease in both transgenic and non‐transgenic areas as compared to the controls.ConclusionsThe excellent functional outcomes of the transgenic epidermis demonstrate stable long‐term results of this novel combined gene and stem cell therapy for epidermal regeneration. Thus, other applications for this technology, such as treatment of specific burns, should be explored.
The potential of telemedicine for dermatological care of pediatric patients in Germany
Authors: Hansen Inga , Abeck Dietrich , Kött Julian , Schneider Stefan W. , Abeck Finn 
Published: February 2023

SummaryBackground and ObjectivesSkin diseases are a common reason for consultations in pediatric practice. The present study aims to characterize the dermatological requests of resident pediatric specialists using teledermatology in Germany.Patients and MethodsThis analysis of consultation requests, submitted by pediatricians to a designated pediatric dermatologist via a telemedical consultation system (PädExpert) using the store‐and‐forward technology, was performed between February 2021 and December 2021.ResultsThe study analysis included 504 telemedical consultation requests. The mean age of the patients was 6.5 ± 5.0 years with 45.5% of the patients being female. Telemedicine was useful in providing a definite diagnosis in 88.3%. The diagnoses were most frequently assigned to the group of infectious skin diseases (28.8%). Referral to a dermatologist was recommended in 11.5%. The requests were answered on the same day in 63.8% of the cases.ConclusionsThe study data shows the great potential of teledermatology to improve access for children with skin diseases to specialized dermatological care. Another advantage is its function as a triage instrument. Since most cases could be managed by teledermatology only, it is possible to reduce the need for an in‐person visit to the dermatologist, thus saving resources.
A (paid) passage to India: Migration and revealed willingness to pay for upper‐caste status
Authors: Persaud Alexander 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHow much are individuals willing to pay for privileged status in a society with systemic discrimination? Utilizing unique data on indentured Indians in Fiji paying to return to India, I calculate how much upper‐caste individuals were willing to pay historically for their status. I show the lower bound of the value of the uppermost castes in north India equaled almost 2.5 years' gross wages. The ordering follows hypothesized inter‐caste hierarchies and shows diminishing effects as caste status falls. Men entirely drive the effects. My results show some of the first evidence quantifying caste status values and speak to caste's persistence.
Modifiable vascular risk factors in patients with cerebral and spinal cavernous malformations: a complete 10‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Rauscher Steffen , Santos Alejandro N. , Gull Hanah Hadice , Rauschenbach Laurèl , Chen Bixia , Schmidt Börge , Deuschl Cornelius , Benet Arnau , Jabbarli Ramazan , Wrede Karsten H. , Siegel Adrian M. , Lawton Michael , Sure Ulrich , Dammann Philipp 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeThe aim was to investigate the effect of modifiable vascular risk factors on the risk of first and recurrent bleeding for patients with a cavernous malformation (CM) of the central nervous system (CNS) over a 10‐year period.MethodsA retrospective review of our CM institutional database was performed spanning from 2003 to 2021. The inclusion criteria were non‐missing serial magnetic resonance imaging studies and clinical baseline metrics such as vascular risk factors. The exclusion criteria were patients who underwent surgical CM removal and patients with less than a decade of follow‐up. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses were performed to determine the cumulative risk (10 years) of hemorrhage.ResultsEighty‐nine patients with a CM of the CNS were included. Our results showed a non‐significant increased risk of hemorrhage during 10 years of follow‐up in patients using nicotine (hazard ratio 2.11, 95% confidence interval 0.86–5.21) and in patients with diabetes (hazard ratio 3.25, 95% confidence interval 0.71–14.81). For the presence of modifiable vascular risk factors at study baseline different cumulative 10‐year risks of bleeding were observed: arterial hypertension 42.9% (18.8%–70.4%); diabetes 66.7% (12.5%–98.2%); hyperlipidemia 30% (8.1%–64.6%); active nicotine abuse 50% (24.1%–76%); and obesity 22.2% (4%–59.8%). Overall cumulative (10‐year) hemorrhage risk was 30.3% (21.3%–41.1%).ConclusionsThe probability of hemorrhage in untreated CNS CM patients increases progressively within a decade of follow‐up. None of the modifiable vascular risk factors showed strong indication for an influence on hemorrhage risk, but our findings may suggest a more aggressive course in patients with active nicotine abuse or suffering from diabetes.
Atypical intrinsic neural timescales in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Xie Ke , Royer Jessica , Lariviere Sara , Rodriguez‐Cruces Raul , de Wael Reinder Vos , Park Bo‐yong , Auer Hans , Tavakol Shahin , DeKraker Jordan , Abdallah Chifaou , Caciagli Lorenzo , Bassett Dani S. , Bernasconi Andrea , Bernasconi Neda , Frauscher Birgit , Concha Luis , Bernhardt Boris C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTemporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common pharmacoresistant epilepsy in adults. Here we profiled local neural function in TLE in vivo, building on prior evidence that has identified widespread structural alterations. Using resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI), we mapped the whole‐brain intrinsic neural timescales (INT), which reflect temporal hierarchies of neural processing. Parallel analysis of structural and diffusion MRI data examined associations with TLE‐related structural compromise. Finally, we evaluated the clinical utility of INT.MethodsWe studied 46 patients with TLE and 44 healthy controls from two independent sites, and mapped INT changes in patients relative to controls across hippocampal, subcortical, and neocortical regions. We examined region‐specific associations to structural alterations and explored the effects of age and epilepsy duration. Supervised machine learning assessed the utility of INT for identifying patients with TLE vs controls and left‐ vs right‐sided seizure onset.ResultsRelative to controls, TLE showed marked INT reductions across multiple regions bilaterally, indexing faster changing resting activity, with strongest effects in the ipsilateral medial and lateral temporal regions, and bilateral sensorimotor cortices as well as thalamus and hippocampus. Findings were similar, albeit with reduced effect sizes, when correcting for structural alterations. INT reductions in TLE increased with advancing disease duration, yet findings differed from the aging effects seen in controls. INT‐derived classifiers discriminated patients vs controls (balanced accuracy, 5‐fold: 76% ± 2.65%; cross‐site, 72%–83%) and lateralized the focus in TLE (balanced accuracy, 5‐fold: 96% ± 2.10%; cross‐site, 95%–97%), with high accuracy and cross‐site generalizability. Findings were consistent across both acquisition sites and robust when controlling for motion and several methodological confounds.SignificanceOur findings demonstrate atypical macroscale function in TLE in a topography that extends beyond mesiotemporal epicenters. INT measurements can assist in TLE diagnosis, seizure focus lateralization, and monitoring of disease progression, which emphasizes promising clinical utility.