bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A bilateral context and filtering strategy-based approach to Chinese entity synonym set expansion
Authors: Huang Subin , Xiu Yu , Li Jun , Liu Sanmin , Kong Chao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEntity synonyms play a significant role in entity-based tasks. Previous approaches use linguistic syntax, distributional, and semantic features to expand entity synonym sets from text corpora. Due to the flexibility and complexity of the Chinese language expression, the aforementioned approaches are still difficult to expand entity synonym sets robustly from Chinese text, because these approaches fail to track holistic semantics among entities and suffer from error propagation. This paper introduces an approach for expanding Chinese entity synonym sets based on bilateral context and filtering strategy. Specifically, the approach consists of two novel components. First, a bilateral-context-based Siamese network classifier is proposed to determine whether a new entity should be inserted into the existing entity synonym set. The classifier tracks the holistic semantics of bilateral contexts and is capable of imposing soft holistic semantic constraints to improve synonym prediction. Second, a filtering-strategy-based set expansion algorithm is presented to generate Chinese entity synonym sets. The filtering strategy enhances semantic and domain consistencies to filter out wrong synonym entities, thereby mitigating error propagation. Experimental results on two Chinese real-world datasets demonstrate that the proposed approach is effective and outperforms the selected existing state-of-the-art approaches to the Chinese entity synonym set expansion task.
Caffeine Modifies the Immune and Anti-inflammatory Responses to Short Incremental Cycling Exercise Until Exhaustion in Humans: A Pilot Study
Authors: Rahimi Mohammad Rahman , Beaven C. Martyn 
Published: April 2023

AbstractExercise has well-documented effects on immune function with both positive and negative sequelae dependent on intensity, volume, and duration. The immunosuppressive effects of exercise are mediated, in part, by the complex interaction of cytokines, catecholamines, and nutrition. Caffeine has been reported to modulate immune function; however, the interaction with brief exhaustive exercise is not well characterized. It was hypothesized that caffeine would upregulate the cytokine response to intense exercise. Seven male students volunteered to participate in a randomized, double-blinded crossover study where they ingested either caffeine (6 mg/kg) or a maltodextrin placebo (6 mg/kg) 1 h prior to a cycling exercise. The exercise protocol started at 100 W and the intensity was increased by 50 W every two minutes until exhaustion. Serum samples were collected pre-, post-, and 1-h post-exercise and analyzed for IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β1. Caffeine ingestion increased time to exhaustion (P = 0.005; Effect Size [ES] = 1.33), IL-4 (P = 0.004; ES = 2.34), IL-10 (P = 0.047; ES = 0.41 ± 0.57), and TGF-β1 (P = 0.013; ES = 0.76). The accentuated response of the cytokines may have important ramifications due to their potent anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties. Specifically, the 6 mg/kg caffeine dose not only improved exercise performance but the cytokine data is indicative of an upregulated inflammatory response and an enhancement of the anti-inflammatory benefits of exercise.
Statebuilding beyond the West: Exploring Islamic State’s strategic narrative of governance and statebuilding
Authors: da Silva Raquel , Bamber-Zryd Matthew , Lemay-Hébert Nicolas 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStrategic narratives are employed by political actors as tools to pursue their goals, constructing a shared meaning of the past, present, and future in order to shape behaviour. Building on discourse analysis of the magazine Dabiq and from in-depth, semi-structured interviews conducted between 2018 and 2019 with IS civilian employees and civilians living in IS-controlled territory, we analyse how IS organised its strategic narrative of governance and statebuilding around three main themes considered as central in the statebuilding literature – the provision of security, the provision of basic services, and social cohesion – and how such a strategic narrative was received by citizens living in IS-controlled territory. We argue that the study of strategic narratives of governance and statebuilding casts light on the factors leading to the success or demise of emergent statebuilding efforts, equally demonstrating how IS’s project is quite conventional when compared to other mainstream statebuilding narratives.
Just and Unjust Nuclear Deterrence
Authors: Sagan Scott D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this essay, I propose five principles to make U.S. nuclear deterrence policy more just and effective in the future: sever the link between the mass killing of innocent civilians and nuclear deterrence by focusing targeting on adversaries’ military power and senior political leadership, not their population; never use or plan to use a nuclear weapon against any target that could be destroyed or neutralized by conventional weapons; reject “belligerent reprisal” threats against civilians even in response to enemy attacks on one's own or allied civilians; replace nuclear “calculated ambiguity” threats against biological or cyberattacks with “deterrence by denial” strategies; and work in good faith toward eventual nuclear disarmament.
Nuclear Ethics Revisited
Authors: Nye Joseph S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractScott Sagan asked me to revisit Nuclear Ethics, a book I published in 1986, in light of current developments in world affairs. In doing so, I found that much had changed but the basic usability paradox of nuclear deterrence remains the same. As do the ethical dilemmas. To deter, there must be some prospect of use, but easy usability could produce highly immoral consequences. Some risk is unavoidable and the moral task is how best to lower it. Nuclear weapons pose moral problems but nuclear use is the greater evil. Abolition may be a worthy long-term goal, but it is unlikely in the short-term relations among the nine states now possessing nuclear weapons. Drawing on just war theory, I examine the three dimensions of intentions, means, and consequences to outline a ten-point agenda for just deterrence that seeks to lower risks of nuclear war. The world has changed since the book was published but the basic moral dilemmas remain the same.
What should a generic object be?
Authors: Sterling Jonathan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractJacobs has proposed definitions for (weak, strong, split) generic objects for a fibered category; building on his definition of (split) generic objects, Jacobs develops a menagerie of important fibrational structures with applications to categorical logic and computer science, including higher order fibrations, polymorphic fibrations,
$\lambda2$
-fibrations, triposes, and others. We observe that a split generic object need not in particular be a generic object under the given definitions, and that the definitions of polymorphic fibrations, triposes, etc. are strict enough to rule out some fundamental examples: for instance, the fibered preorder induced by a partial combinatory algebra in realizability is not a tripos in this sense. We propose a new alignment of terminology that emphasizes the forms of generic object appearing most commonly in nature, i.e. in the study of internal categories, triposes, and the denotational semantics of polymorphism. In addition, we propose a new class of acyclic generic objects inspired by recent developments in higher category theory and the semantics of homotopy type theory, generalizing the realignment property of universes to the setting of an arbitrary fibration.
Emergency pacing via the umbilical vein of a neonate with congenital complete atrioventricular block: a report of two cases
Authors: Tanaka Noboru , Matsui Kotoko , Harada Mana , Fukunaga Hideo , Takahashi Ken , Kishiro Masahiko , Shimizu Toshiaki 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe report two cases of successful emergency pacing via the umbilical vein in neonates with congenital complete atrioventricular block. The first patient, a neonate with normal cardiac anatomy, underwent emergency temporary pacing via the umbilical vein under echocardiographic guidance. The patient underwent permanent pacemaker implantation on postnatal day 4. The second patient, a neonate with heterotaxy syndrome, underwent emergency temporary pacing through the umbilical vein under fluoroscopic guidance. The patient underwent permanent pacemaker implantation on postnatal day 17.
Reduced left hippocampal perfusion is associated with insomnia in patients with cerebral small vessel disease
Authors: Yan Wei , Hou Duanlu , Li Zhixin , Tang Weijun , Han Xiang , Tang Yuping 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesInsomnia was associated with cerebral structural changes and Alzheimer’s disease. However, associations among cerebral perfusion, insomnia with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), and cognitive performance were little investigated.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 89 patients with CSVDs and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs). They were dichotomized into the normal sleep and poor sleep group, according to Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). Baseline characteristics, cognitive performance, and cerebral blood flow (CBF) were measured and compared between the two groups. The association or correlation between cerebral perfusion, cognition, and insomnia was analyzed using binary logistic regression.ResultsOur study found that declined MoCA score (P = .0317) was more prevalent in those with poor sleep. There was a statistical difference in the recall (P = .0342) of MMSE, the delayed recall (P = .0289) of MoCA between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis showed educational background (P < .001) and insomnia severity index (ISI) score (P = .039) were independently correlated with MoCA scores. Arterial spin labeling demonstrated that left hippocampal gray matter perfusion was significantly reduced (P = .0384) in the group with poor sleep. And, negative correlation was found between left hippocampal perfusion and PSQI scores.ConclusionsIn the patients with CSVDs, insomnia severity was associated with cognitive decline. Left hippocampal gray matter perfusion was correlated with PSQI scores in CSVDs.
THE QUANTUM ISOMERIC SUPERCATEGORY
Authors: Savage Alistair 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe introduce the quantum isomeric supercategory and the quantum affine isomeric supercategory. These diagrammatically defined supercategories, which can be viewed as isomeric analogues of the HOMFLYPT skein category and its affinisation, provide powerful categorical tools for studying the representation theory of the quantum isomeric superalgebras (commonly known as quantum queer superalgebras).
WHAT MODEL COMPANIONSHIP CAN SAY ABOUT THE CONTINUUM PROBLEM
Authors: VENTURI GIORGIO , VIALE MATTEO 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe present recent results on the model companions of set theory, placing them in the context of a current debate in the philosophy of mathematics. We start by describing the dependence of the notion of model companionship on the signature, and then we analyze this dependence in the specific case of set theory. We argue that the most natural model companions of set theory describe (as the signature in which we axiomatize set theory varies) theories of
$H_{\kappa ^+}$
, as
$\kappa $
ranges among the infinite cardinals. We also single out
$2^{\aleph _0}=\aleph _2$
as the unique solution of the continuum problem which can (and does) belong to some model companion of set theory (enriched with large cardinal axioms). While doing so we bring to light that set theory enriched by large cardinal axioms in the range of supercompactness has as its model companion (with respect to its first order axiomatization in certain natural signatures) the theory of
$H_{\aleph _2}$
as given by a strong form of Woodin’s axiom
$(*)$
(which holds assuming
$\mathsf {MM}^{++}$
). Finally this model-theoretic approach to set-theoretic validities is explained and justified in terms of a form of maximality inspired by Hilbert’s axiom of completeness.
Residential Water Conservation and the Rebound Effect: A Temporal Decomposition and Investigation
Authors: Nemati Mehdi , Tran Dat , Schwabe Kurt 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWater conservation in California has been a major subject of concern for agencies in their efforts to satisfy their residential demand while coping with frequent shortfalls, especially in periods of drought. During the 2012–2016 severe drought in California, the state enacted a conservation mandate that imposed specific conservation targets of 4% up to 36% for water utilities. While the utilities met those targets in 2015, water use, on average, has slowly crept up or rebounded subsequently, although not to pre‐drought levels. Understanding the manner and degree to which water use rebounds can be critically important for water utilities in their planning and investment decisions. Using a unique panel dataset on single‐family residential water use by nearly 20,000 customers of a Northern California water agency from 2013 to 2019, this paper explores the magnitude and character of the rebound effect that occurred after the cessation of a statewide conservation mandate that was imposed on water use in response a severe drought enveloping California from 2014 through 2016. Our results suggest the presence of a significant rebound in water use—of approximately 9% on average—after the conservation mandate ended. Yet, and novel to our research, we find significant heterogeneity in the rebound effects across seasons and water users, with a greater rebound in the warm season months relative to other months and among lower water use households relative to higher water use households. Our results also suggest a significant shift in water use to earlier periods of the day once the mandate was lifted. Understanding the magnitude and variation in rebound effects both temporally and across different types of water users can be useful to water agencies in their efforts to make informed decisions surrounding investments, management, and messaging in response to drought, conservation, and water scarcity.
Modelled mortality benefits of multi-cancer early detection screening in England
Authors: Sasieni Peter , Smittenaar Rebecca , Hubbell Earl , Broggio John , Neal Richard D. , Swanton Charles 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Screening programmes utilising blood-based multi-cancer early detection (MCED) tests, which can detect a shared cancer signal from any site in the body with a single, low false-positive rate, could reduce cancer burden through early diagnosis.

Methods
A natural history (‘interception’) model of cancer was previously used to characterise potential benefits of MCED screening (based on published performance of an MCED test). We built upon this using a two-population survival model to account for an increased risk of death from cfDNA-detectable cancers relative to cfDNA-non-detectable cancers. We developed another model allowing some cancers to metastasise directly from stage I, bypassing intermediate tumour stages. We used incidence and survival-by-stage data from the National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service in England to estimate longer-term benefits to a cohort screened between ages 50–79 years.

Results
Estimated late-stage and mortality reductions were robust to a range of assumptions. With the least favourable dwell (sojourn) time and cfDNA status hazard ratio assumptions, we estimated, among 100,000 screened individuals, 74 (17%) fewer cancer deaths per year corresponding to 1787 fewer deaths in those screened between ages 50–79 years.

Conclusion
Realising the potential benefits of MCED tests could substantially reduce late-stage cancer diagnoses and mortality.
Prophylactic administration of ivermectin attenuates SARS-CoV-2 induced disease in a Syrian Hamster Model
Authors: Uematsu Takayuki , Takano Tomomi , Matsui Hidehito , Kobayashi Noritada , Ōmura Satoshi , Hanaki Hideaki 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCOVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, is currently among the most important public health concerns worldwide. Although several effective vaccines have been developed, there is an urgent clinical need for effective pharmaceutical treatments for treatment of COVID-19. Ivermectin, a chemical derivative of avermectin produced by Streptomyces avermitilis, is a macrocyclic lactone with antiparasitic activity. Recent studies have shown that ivermectin inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro. In the present study, we investigated the in vivo effects of ivermectin in a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The results of the present study demonstrate oral administration of ivermectin prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection in hamsters was associated with decreased weight loss and pulmonary inflammation. In addition, the administration of ivermectin reduced pulmonary viral titers and mRNA expression level of pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with severe COVID-19 disease. The administration of ivermectin rapidly induced the production of virus-specific neutralizing antibodies in the late stage of viral infection. Zinc concentrations leading to immune quiescence were also significantly higher in the lungs of ivermectin-treated hamsters compared to controls. These results indicate that ivermectin may have efficacy in reducing the development and severity of COVID-19 by affecting host immunity in a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Stratifying the risk of re-detachment: variables associated with outcome of vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in a large UK cohort study
Authors: Yorston David , Donachie Paul H. J. , Laidlaw D. A. , Steel David H. , Aylward G. W. , Williamson Tom H. ,   the BEAVRS database study group, Steel David , Morris Andrew , Goldsmith Craig , Winder Stephen , Sheard Richard , Smith Jonathan , Casswell Tony , Sanchez-Chicharro Diego , Babar Atiq , Cochrane Tim , Tanner Vaughan , Papastavrou Vasileios , Vayalambrone Deepak , Ivanova Tsveta , Park Jonathan , Jalil Assad , Cornish Kurt Spiteri , Ellabban Abdallah , Tarafdar Sonali , Khan Imran , Hughes Edward , Balaggan Kam , Wakely Laura , Charles Steve , Jenkins Huw , Mitrut Izabela 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction
To identify variables associated with primary anatomical outcome following vitrectomy and internal tamponade for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD).

Methods
A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data, using a database of RD treated with vitrectomy and internal tamponade. Collected data complied with the RCOphth Retinal Detachment Dataset. The main outcome measure was anatomical failure within six months of surgery.

Results
There were 6377 vitrectomies. 869 eyes were excluded, either because no outcome was recorded, or inadequate follow up, leaving 5508 operations for analysis. 63.9% of patients were male, and the median age was 62. Primary anatomical failure occurred in 13.9%. On multivariate analysis, the following were associated with increased risk of failure: age <45, or >79, inferior retinal breaks, total detachment, one quadrant or greater inferior detachment, low density silicone oil, and presence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. C2F6 tamponade, cryotherapy, and 25 G vitrectomy, were associated with reduced risk of failure. The area under the receiver operator curve was 71.7%. According to this model, 54.3% of RD are at low risk (<10%), 35.6% are at moderate risk (10–25%), and 10.1% are at high risk (>25%) of failure.

Conclusions
Previous attempts to identify high risk RD have been limited by small numbers, the inclusion of both scleral buckling and vitrectomy, or by excluding some types of RD. This study examined outcomes in unselected RD, treated by vitrectomy. Identification of the variables associated with anatomical outcome after RD surgery enables accurate risk stratification, which is valuable for patient counselling and selection, and for future clinical trials.
Spatial ecology to strengthen invasive snake management on islands
Authors: Maestresalas Borja , Piquet Julien C. , López-Darias Marta 
Published: April 2023

AbstractKnowledge on the spatial ecology of invasive predators positively contributes to optimizing their management, especially when involving cryptic and secretive species, such as snakes. However, this information is lacking for most invasive snakes, particularly on islands, where they are known to cause severe ecological and socio-economic impacts. This research is focused on assessing the spatial ecology of the California kingsnake (Lampropeltis californiae) on Gran Canaria to strengthen management actions. We monitored 15 radio-tagged individuals once per day on 9–11 days per month from July 2020 to June 2021 to calculate the species' home range and describe annual activity patterns in the invaded range. To account for the species' diel activity during the emergence period, we additionally monitored snakes from January to May 2021 during three consecutive days per month in four different time intervals each day. We detected movement (consecutive detections at least 6 m apart) in 31.68% of the 1146 detections during the whole monitoring period. Movements most frequently detected were shorter than 100 m (82.24%), and among them the range 0–20 m was the most recurrent (27.03%). The mean distance of movement was 62.57 ± 62.62 m in 1–2 days. Average home range was 4.27 ± 5.35 ha—calculated with the Autocorrelated Kernel Density Estimator (AKDE) at 95%—and did not significantly vary with SVL nor sex. We detected an extremely low value of motion variance (0.76 ± 2.62 σ2m) compared to other studies, with a general inactivity period from November to February, January being the less active month of the year. Diel activity was higher during central and evening hours than during early morning and night. Our results should be useful to improve control programs for this invasive snake (e.g., trap placement and visual survey guidance) on Gran Canaria. Our research highlights the importance of gathering spatial information on invasive snakes to enhance control actions, which can contribute to the management of secretive invasive snakes worldwide.