bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconciliation of energy use disparities in brick production in India
Authors: Tibrewal Kushal , Venkataraman Chandra , Phuleria Harish , Joshi Veena , Maithel Sameer , Damle Anand , Gupta Anurag , Lokhande Pradnya , Rabha Shahadev , Saikia Binoy K. , Roy Sayantee , Habib Gazala , Rathi Shubham , Goel Anubha , Ahlawat Sakshi , Mandal Tuhin Kumar , Azharuddin Hashmi M. , Qureshi Asif , Dhandapani Abisheg , Iqbal Jawed , Devaliya Sandeep , Raman Ramya Sunder , Lian Yang , Pandithurai Govindan , Kuppili Sudheer Kumar , Shiva Nagendra M. , Mukherjee Sauryadeep , Chatterjee Abhijit , Najar Tanveer Ahmad , Jehangir Arshid , Singh Jitender , Sinha Baerbel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEnergy conservation in brick production is crucial to achieving net-zero carbon emissions from the building sector, especially in countries with major expansions in the built environment. However, widely disparate energy consumption estimates impede benchmarking its importance relative to the steel and cement industries. Here we modelled Indian brick production and its regional energy consumption by combining a nationwide questionnaire survey on feedstock, process variables and practices with remote sensing data on kiln enumeration. We found a large underreporting in current official estimates of energy consumption, with actual energy consumption comparable to that in the steel and cement industries in the country. With a total estimated production of 233 ± 15 billion bricks per year, the brick industry consumes 990 ± 125 PJ yr−1 of energy, 35 ± 6 Mt yr−1 coal and 25 ± 6 Mt yr−1 biomass. The main drivers of energy consumption for brick production are the kiln technology, the production capacity and the fuel mix used. The results suggest that improving operating practices would be a first step in making brick production more energy efficient.
GABA decrease is associated with degraded neural specificity in the visual cortex of glaucoma patients
Authors: Bang Ji Won , Parra Carlos , Yu Kevin , Wollstein Gadi , Schuman Joel S. , Chan Kevin C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGlaucoma is an age-related neurodegenerative disease of the visual system, affecting both the eye and the brain. Yet its underlying metabolic mechanisms and neurobehavioral relevance remain largely unclear. Here, using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated the GABAergic and glutamatergic systems in the visual cortex of glaucoma patients, as well as neural specificity, which is shaped by GABA and glutamate signals and underlies efficient sensory and cognitive functions. Our study shows that among the older adults, both GABA and glutamate levels decrease with increasing glaucoma severity regardless of age. Further, our study shows that the reduction of GABA but not glutamate predicts the neural specificity. This association is independent of the impairments on the retina structure, age, and the gray matter volume of the visual cortex. Our results suggest that glaucoma-specific decline of GABA undermines neural specificity in the visual cortex and that targeting GABA could improve the neural specificity in glaucoma.
Photoinduced photon avalanche turns white objects into bright blackbodies
Authors: Li Daguang , Cui Hao , Qin Guanshi , Qin Weiping 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAn ideal blackbody absorbs all light impinging on it, and it radiates electromagnetic waves with a broad spectrum that depends only on the temperature. Conversely, a white object is characterized by a finite reflectance to visible light, hence being the opposite of a blackbody. Challenging this concept, here we find that various substances exhibit strong optical absorption capabilities like blackbodies when exposed to intense light, despite appearing pure white in the sunlight. We name this phenomenon photoinduced blackbody effect. Under near infrared light, the photoinduced blackbody effect is accompanied by photon avalanche optical frequency conversion and optical bistable luminescence. Namely, the energy states and absorption properties of the samples are modified under strong laser irradiation. The modified absorption transitions cause the switch of the sample from a quasi-whitebody into a quasi-blackbody via an avalanche mechanism. At the same time, the sample emits a broadband electromagnetic radiation, becoming a bright blackbody.
The VE-cadherin/AmotL2 mechanosensory pathway suppresses aortic inflammation and the formation of abdominal aortic aneurysms
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhang Yumeng , Hutterer Evelyn , Hultin Sara , Bergman Otto , Kolbeinsdottir Solrun , Jin Hong , Forteza Maria J. , Ketelhuth Daniel F. J. , Roy Joy , Hedin Ulf , Enge Martin , Matic Ljubica , Eriksson Per , Holmgren Lars 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEndothelial cells respond to mechanical forces exerted by blood flow. Endothelial cell–cell junctions and the sites of endothelial adhesion to the matrix sense and transmit mechanical forces to the cellular cytoskeleton. Here we show that the scaffold protein AmotL2 connects junctional VE-cadherin and actin filaments to the nuclear lamina. AmotL2 is essential for the formation of radial actin filaments and the alignment of endothelial cells, and, in its absence, nuclear integrity and positioning are altered. Molecular analysis demonstrated that VE-cadherin binds to AmotL2 and actin, resulting in a cascade that transmits extracellular mechanical signals to the nuclear membrane. Furthermore, the endothelial deficit of AmotL2 in mice fed normal diet provoked a pro-inflammatory response and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Transcriptome analysis of human AAA samples revealed a negative correlation between AmotL2 and inflammation of the aortic intima. These findings offer insight into the link between junctional mechanotransduction and vascular disease.
Appointed‐time nonsingular sliding mode control of spacecraft attitude stabilization
Authors: Chen Zhaoyue , Zhang Haichao , Xiao Bing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the appointed‐time attitude stabilization problem of a rigid spacecraft under disturbance and parametric uncertainty. A continuous appointed‐time sliding mode disturbance observer is presented to observe the synthetical disturbance term. To circumvent the singularity problem in terminal sliding mode control, a new nonsingular appointed‐time sliding mode surface is designed by employing the concept of switching control. Based on the observation information deriving from the proposed disturbance observer, an observer‐based nonsingular sliding mode control scheme is developed to stabilize the attitude control system within appointed time which is given by the user. And also, the undesired control chattering phenomenon can be attenuated. The appointed‐time stability of the controlled attitude system is proved by the Lyapunov criteria. The simulation results show that the proposed attitude stabilization control scheme is valid.
Small Bowel Capsule Endoscopy: Experience from a single large tertiary care centre
Authors: Singla Neeraj , Inavolu Pradev , Jagtap Nitin , Singh Aniruddha Pratap , Kalapala Rakesh , Memon Sana Fathima , Katukuri Gowtham Reddy , Pal Partha , Nabi Zaheer , Ramchandani Mohan , Lakhtakia Sundeep , Banerjee Rupa , Reddy Palle Manohar , Tandan Manu , Reddy Nageshwar 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background and study aims Capsule endoscopy (CE) has transformed
examination of the small bowel (SB), once considered a dark continent. The present study aimed
to describe the indications, diagnostic yield, practical issues and complications of CE in one
of the largest tertiary center in India.
Patients and methods This retrospective analysis from a
prospectively maintained database, conducted from January 2013 to June 2021 included 1155 CEs
performed during this period. Patient medical records were reviewed for indications, results,
and complications of CE.
Results A total of 1154 patients (809 males and 345 females),
mean age 53 years (range 6–87 years), one capsule got stuck in the esophagus, were included in
the study. Active SB bleeding had no effect on SB transit time (324.7±161 minutes, n = 137
patients with active bleed vs 310.6±166.9 minutes, n = 1017 patients without active bleed;
P = 0.35). The indication and diagnostic yield (DY) of CE were
potential overt SB bleed (68.6% & 43.9%), potential occult SB bleed (8.2% and 40%),
chronic diarrhea (7.9% and 28.4%), abdominal pain (6.5% and 21.3%), anemia (5.9% and 57.9%),
and suspected/known case of Crohn’s disease (2.3% & 56.5%) respectively. The DY for
patients with age ≥60 years was similar to those with age < 60 years (61.9% vs. 51.8%
respectively; P = 0.4). 21 patients (1.8%) had capsule retention of
which six (0.5%) had to be referred for surgery.
Conclusions CE is a safe and effective investigation with ever
increasing range of indications. Potential SB bleed remains the most common indication for CE
with high detection rate.
15-min pedestrian distance life circle and sustainable community governance in Chinese metropolitan cities: A diagnosis
Authors: Ma Wenjun , Wang Ning , Li Yuxi , Sun Daniel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUrban planning has shifted from “land-oriented” to “human-oriented” and metropolitan cities start to focus on 15-min life circle community planning during recent years. As multiple dimensions of living service facilities are included, proactive supervision and real-time evaluation are essential in the governance and spatial planning of large cities, referring to urban physical examination. This study proposes a community life circle diagnosis system based on multisource urban big data to evaluate the community public service facilities, in which the performance of urban living service, in terms of fairness, accessibility, and diversity were assessed, and the services related to the health and emergency facilities apart from the daily living service were investigated. Four representative Chinese megacities Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Wuhan, were selected for the implementation and empirical analyses of the diagnosis system, which were further compared regarding the existing community life circle facility service. Then, situations in Shanghai in 2011, 2016, and 2021 were longitudinally compared to verify the influencing factors toward community life circle facilities. The results indicated that Shanghai has the highest quality of service of 15-min community life circle among the four Chinese cities, followed by Shenzhen, Wuhan, and Beijing, according to the average coverage rate of citywide living service facilities. However, the municipal government in Shanghai still needs to improve the investment in public resources in the suburbs, focusing on facilities related to elderly care, life security, and community travel. Findings of this study may assist metropolitan development with policy and funding priorities, by using urban big data together with traditional empirical data (e.g. social-economic data, built environment, etc.) to diagnose sustainable community development problems.
Federal criminal sentencing: race-based disparate impact and differential treatment in judicial districts
Authors: Topaz Chad M. , Ning Shaoyang , Ciocanel Maria-Veronica , Bushway Shawn 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRace-based inequity in federal criminal sentencing is widely acknowledged, and yet our understanding of it is far from complete. Inequity may arise from several sources, including direct bias of courtroom actors and structural bias that produces racially disparate impacts. Irrespective of these sources, inequity may also originate from different loci within the federal system. We bring together the questions of the sources and loci of inequity. The purpose of our study is to quantify race-based disparate impact and differential treatment at the national level and at the level of individual federal judicial districts. We analyze over one-half million sentencing records publicly available from the United States Sentencing Commission database, spanning the years 2006 to 2020. At the system-wide level, Black and Hispanic defendants receive average sentences that are approximately 19 months longer and 5 months longer, respectively. Demographic factors and sentencing guideline elements account for nearly 17 of the 19 months for Black defendants and all five of the months for Hispanic defendants, demonstrating the disparate impact of the system at the national level. At the individual district level, even after controlling for each district’s unique demographics and implementation of sentencing factors, 14 districts show significant differences for minoritized defendants as compared to white ones. These unexplained differences are evidence of possible differential treatment by judges, prosecutors, and defense attorneys.
Bichromatic UV detection system for atomically-resolved imaging of ions
Authors: Nordmann T. , Wickenhagen S. , Doležal M. , Mehlstäubler T. E. 
Published: June 2023

We present a compact bichromatic imaging system, located outside of the vacuum chamber of a trapped ion apparatus that collects the fluorescence of 230.6 and 369.5 nm photons simultaneously on a shared electron-multiplying charge-coupled device (EMCCD) camera. The system contains two lens doublets, consisting of a sphere and an asphere. They provide a numerical aperture of 0.45 and 0.40 at 230.6 and 369.5 nm, respectively, and enable spatially resolved state detection with a large field of view of 300 μm for long 115In+/172Yb+ Coulomb crystals. Instead of diffraction-limited imaging for one wavelength, the focus in this system is on simultaneous single-ion resolved imaging of both species over a large field, with special attention to the deep UV wavelength (230.6 nm) and the low scattering rate of In+ ions. The introduced concept is applicable to other dual-species applications.
Second language learners acquire reduced word forms just like they acquire full forms
Authors: Morano Lisa , ten Bosch Louis , Ernestus Mirjam 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We investigated the effect of auditory exposure on the recognition of full (i.e., canonical) and reduced (i.e., with weakened or deleted sounds) word forms by beginner second language (L2) learners. We taught three participant groups the same French schwa words. One group was trained only on the full (i.e., with schwa) forms, one group on the reduced forms (i.e., without schwa) only, and one group on both the full and reduced forms of each word. We then tested participants’ recognition of both forms in an auditory lexical decision task. We found that participants’ accuracy for a form was proportional to the exposure they received at training for that form. Both participants’ groups trained on one form recognized the untrained form in about a third of the trials. We conclude that exposure is a crucial factor in learning L2 reduced forms and that listeners use both retrieval from storage and goodness of fit (including reconstruction) mechanisms, in the same way for full as for reduced forms.
Interband carrier recombination mechanism in Al-doped ZnO
Authors: Chen Conglong , Yu Junxiao , Lv Zefang , Zhang Fengling , Wang Kuidong , Li Runze , Chen Jie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Due to strong nonlinear optical effects and ultrafast response properties, transparent conductive oxides are promising candidate materials for next-generation THz modulation devices and other photonic applications. However, the mechanisms of photon-induced ultrafast carrier relaxations in those materials have yet to be fully understood. Here we investigated the interband carrier dynamics in a prototype of this family, Al-doped ZnO, with different excitation photon energies through femtosecond optical transmittance measurements. We found that the interband relaxation of the photon-induced carriers is mainly through second-order recombination, which is essentially the direct band-to-band recombination with the assistance of intraband electron relaxation. The high density of the doped electrons provides superior intraband relaxation channels through electron-phonon interaction and electron-impurity scattering, which contribute to the overall ultrafast response, especially under indirect and band tail transitions. This study provides a new insight into the ultrafast response mechanism of Al-doped ZnO and the analyzing method may also be generalized to other heavily doped semiconductors.
Comparison of measurement and numerical calculation on spectral profile of ablation arc plasma around current zero in high-voltage gas circuit breakers
Authors: Sakuyama Toshiaki , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Ishikawa Masanori , Kotsuji Hideyuki , Shiraishi Katsuhiko , Urai Hajime , Tanaka Yasunori 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A product-scale interrupter with a rated voltage range of 245 kV to 362 kV and current condition of 20 kA root mean square has been examined to study the arc extinguishing process and the appearance of absorption spectrum by C2 molecules immediately before the current zero. The latter has elucidated the presence of C2 molecules outside the arc core, where the temperature is lower. The temporal behaviour of the C2 absorption spectrum and the emission spectrum of the S+ ion have been measured, which have indicated that polytetrafluoroethylene ablation gas is replaced by SF6 because of gas flow from the thermal puffer chamber to the stagnation point. The computed spectra agree well with the experimentally obtained spectra and show similarities to measured profiles. They show evidence of absorption by C2 molecules in the continuous spectrum and the reproduced band heads of the C2 Swan spectrum.
One-dimensional structure reparameterized convolutional neural network for two-phase image reconstruction based on ERT
Authors: Yan Chao , Zhang Guoyuan , Chen Yu , Huang Sen , Zhao Yangyang , Wang Junqian 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Electrical resistance tomography (ERT) can be applied to two-phase flow pattern identification which is a key research direction for improving the operational safety of different industrial equipment systems with complex flow fields. Aiming at the existing problem that the traditional algorithm for defining flow patterns cannot accurately establish the mapping relationship between the measured voltage from ERT system and the two-phase flow conductivity distribution, a novel one-dimensional structure reparameterized convolutional neural network (1D-SRPCNN) algorithm for two-phase flow pattern image reconstruction based on ERT is proposed. First, finite element method and deep learning software framework are used to build dataset and train the neural network model respectively. Second, a deep residual network (ResNet) is used as the main network structure in the algorithm, and the one-dimensional multiscale feature extraction block (1DMSFE-Block) is improved by structural reparameterization. Then, multiscale convolution is introduced to 1DMSFE-Block for extracting features of different receptive field sizes and performing linear fusion, and the predicted two-phase flow conductivity pixel vector is obtained by the feature map passing with three fully connected layers. The results show that 1D-SRPCNN has high reconstruction performance, the average relative image error is 5.15%, the average correlation coefficient is 97.2%, and it has high anti-noise performance and generalization performance. Different experimental data also show that 1D-SRPCNN has high image reconstruction accuracy and efficiency. The research will provide important theoretical support for accurately identifying two-phase flow patterns in different fields.
Combined simulation and experimental study on spectral absorbance of partially disordered MoSe2 nanospheres
Authors: Liu Gangshuo , Yan Chao , Sui Xinqi , Kuang Dengfeng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
It is important to clarify the role and possible applicability of partially disordered structures in photonics, but there is still a lack of an effective method for it. Here, we investigate partially disordered MoSe2 nanospheres experimentally regarding their morphology and absorption spectrum in broadband wavelengths and propose an optical simulation with three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method to explain the crucial impacts of morphological parameters on optical responses. The experimental spectral absorbance of MoSe2 nanospheres reveals a strong light-absorbing character in broadband wavelengths. The simulated spectral curves coincide with the experimental results by adjusting morphological parameters, i.e. the statistics of size and the number of layer, and the linear correlation coefficient between the simulated and experimental spectral curves is up to 0.94. The disorder plays a key role in the high light-absorption feature, and the feature originates from anti-reflection, defective state absorption, multiple light scattering and coherent diffusion effects. The results not only deepen the understanding of disordered photonics in semiconductor nanostructures, but also provide a simulation approach to optimize experimental designs.
Chaotic dynamics in refraction galactic billiards
Authors: Barutello Vivina L , De Blasi Irene , Terracini Susanna 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe prove the presence of topological chaos at high internal energies for a new class of mechanical refraction billiards coming from Celestial Mechanics. Given an open and bounded domainD∈R2with smooth boundary, a central mass generates a Keplerian potential in it, while, inR2∖D‾, a harmonic oscillator-type potential acts. At the interface, Snell’s law of refraction holds. The chaoticity result is obtained by imposing progressive assumptions on the domain, arriving to geometric conditions which holds generically in. The workflow starts with the existence of a symbolic dynamics and ends with the proof of topological chaos. Intermediate results will be the analytic non-integrability and the presence of multiple heteroclinic connections between different equilibrium saddle points. This work can be considered as the final step of the investigation carried on in De Blasi and Terracini (2022Nonlinear Anal.218112766; 2023Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst.431269–318).
Human-sized quantitative imaging of magnetic nanoparticles with nonlinear magnetorelaxometry
Authors: Schier Peter , Jaufenthaler Aaron , Liebl Maik , Arsalani Soudabeh , Wiekhorst Frank , Baumgarten Daniel 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective. Magnetorelaxomety imaging (MRXI) is a noninvasive imaging technique for quantitative detection of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The qualitative and quantitative knowledge of the MNP distribution inside the body is a prerequisite for a number of arising biomedical applications, such as magnetic drug targeting and magnetic hyperthermia therapy. It was shown throughout numerous studies that MRXI is able to successfully localize and quantify MNP ensembles in volumes up to the size of a human head. However, deeper regions that lie far from the excitation coils and the magnetic sensors are harder to reconstruct due to the weaker signals from the MNPs in these areas. On the one hand, stronger magnetic fields need to be applied to produce measurable signals from such MNP distributions to further upscale MRXI, on the other hand, this invalidates the assumption of a linear relation between applied magnetic field and particle magnetization in the current MRXI forward model which is required for the imaging procedure. Approach. We tackle this problem by introducing a nonlinear MRXI forward model that is also valid for strong magnetic excitation fields. Main results. We demonstrate in our experimental feasibility study that scaling up the imaging region to the size of a human torso using nonlinear MRXI is possible. Despite the extreme simplicity of the imaging setup applied in this study, an immobilized MNP sample with 6.3 cm3 and 12 mg Fe could be localized and quantified with an acceptable quality. Significance. A well-engineered MRXI setup could provide much better imaging qualities in shorter data acquisition times, making nonlinear MRXI a viable option for the supervision of MNP related therapies in all regions of the human body, specifically magnetic hyperthermia.