bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of Gubernatorial Approval: Evidence from a New Database
Authors: Singer Matthew M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article introduces the State Executive Approval Database, a dataset of gubernatorial approval ratings that updates and adds to data previously collected by Beyle et al. In addition to the survey marginals, the dataset presents continuous quarterly and annual measures of the latent level of governor approval that are amenable for time series analysis. After evaluating how survey data availability varies across states and over time, I use the data to evaluate whether governors receive a honeymoon. While new governors do not have higher than expected levels of approval, the public expresses comparatively low levels of disapproval for new governors. This honeymoon is largely restricted to their first quarter in office and only occurs when they are elected to their first term. Governors who take office after their predecessor resigned get a slightly longer and more sustained reprieve from disapproval. Governor approval is also significantly shaped by unemployment levels in their state. These data will provide scholars with new opportunities to study accountability and representation at the state level.
How Much Is a Trump Endorsement Worth?
Authors: Hood M.V. , McKee Seth C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFormer president Trump made hundreds of candidate endorsements in the 2022 Republican primaries. The state of Georgia garnered outsized attention because it was ground zero for Trump’s false accusations of a stolen 2020 presidential election. Trump endorsed several candidates in Georgia’s May 2022 GOP primary contests, including candidates challenging Governor Brian Kemp and Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger, incumbents drawing Trump’s ire for upholding the 2020 outcome favoring Joe Biden. In a survey of likely Georgia GOP primary voters randomizing whether they are told which candidate Trump endorsed in five statewide races (governor, US Senate, lieutenant governor, secretary of state, and insurance commissioner), our analysis shows substantial variability in the influence of Trump’s endorsement. With scant prior information in low-profile contests (e.g., insurance commissioner), the Trump endorsement has a substantial impact, whereas it is rendered ineffectual in the most high-profile race for governor. Thus, the findings demonstrate the remarkable variability of a Trump endorsement, which is primarily contingent upon the salience of a specific race.
Methane Producing and Oxidizing Microorganisms Display a High Resilience to Drought in a Swedish Hemi‐Boreal Mire
Authors: White J. D. , Ahrén D. , Ström L. , Kelly J. , Klemedtsson L. , Keane B. , Parmentier F. J. W. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAn increased frequency of droughts due to anthropogenic climate change can lead to considerable stress for soil microorganisms and their functioning within northern peatlands. A better understanding of the diversity and relative abundance of methane producing and oxidizing taxa, and their functional genes, can help predict the functional potential of peatlands and how the microorganisms respond to disturbances such as drought. To address knowledge gaps in the understanding of how functional genetic diversity shifts under drought conditions, we investigated a hemi boreal mire in Southern Sweden. Environmental parameters, including soil and air temperature, precipitation, and water table depth, as well as methane flux data were collected during the summer of 2017 under typical growing conditions, and in 2018 during a drought. In addition, the diversity and composition of genes encoding for methane metabolism were determined using the captured metagenomics technique. During drought we observed a substantial increase in air and soil temperature, reduced precipitation, and a lower water table depth. Taxonomic and functional gene composition significantly changed during the drought, while diversity indices, such as alpha and beta diversity, remained similar. These results indicate that methane producing and oxidizing microbial communities, and their functional genes, displayed a resilience to drought with specific genera having the ability to outcompete others under stress. Furthermore, our results show that although methane emissions are substantially reduced during drought, we can expect to see a shift toward more resilient methanogens and methanotrophs under future climate conditions.
Observed Relative Contributions of Anomalous Heat Fluxes and Effective Heat Capacity to Sea Surface Temperature Variability
Authors: Takahashi Naoya , Richards Kelvin J. , Schneider Niklas , Stuecker Malte F. , Annamalai Hariharasubramanian , Nonaka Masami 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSea surface temperatures (SSTs) vary not only due to heat exchange across the air‐sea interface but also due to changes in effective heat capacity as primarily determined by mixed layer depth (MLD). Here, we investigate seasonal and regional characteristics of the contribution of MLD anomalies to the month‐to‐month variability of SST using observational datasets. First, we propose a metric called Flux Divergence Angle, which can quantify the relative contributions of surface heat fluxes and MLD anomalies to SST variability. Using this metric, we find that MLD anomalies tend to amplify SST anomalies in the extra‐tropics, especially in the eastern ocean basins, during spring and summer. In contrast, MLD anomalies tend to suppress SST anomalies in the eastern tropical Pacific during December‐January‐February. This paper provides the first global picture of the observed importance of MLD anomalies to the local SST variability.
Using Deep Learning for Flexible and Scalable Earthquake Forecasting
Authors: Dascher‐Cousineau Kelian , Shchur Oleksandr , Brodsky Emily E. , Günnemann Stephan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSeismology is witnessing explosive growth in the diversity and scale of earthquake catalogs. A key motivation for this community effort is that more data should translate into better earthquake forecasts. Such improvements are yet to be seen. Here, we introduce the Recurrent Earthquake foreCAST (RECAST), a deep‐learning model based on recent developments in neural temporal point processes. The model enables access to a greater volume and diversity of earthquake observations, overcoming the theoretical and computational limitations of traditional approaches. We benchmark against a temporal Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence model. Tests on synthetic data suggest that with a modest‐sized data set, RECAST accurately models earthquake‐like point processes directly from cataloged data. Tests on earthquake catalogs in Southern California indicate improved fit and forecast accuracy compared to our benchmark when the training set is sufficiently long (>104 events). The basic components in RECAST add flexibility and scalability for earthquake forecasting without sacrificing performance.
Fewer, but More Intense, Future Tropical Storms Over the Ganges and Mekong Basins
Authors: Ali Haider , Fowler Hayley J. , Vanniere Benoit , Roberts Malcolm J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUnderstanding climate change impacts on Tropical Storm (TS) activity is crucial for effective adaptation planning and risk assessment, particularly in densely populated low‐lying delta rivers basins like the Ganges and Mekong. The change to TS characteristics with warming is uncertain due to limitations in global climate model resolution and process‐representation and storm tracking algorithms (trackers). Here, we used 13 HighResMIP models and two trackers to estimate the uncertainty in projections of TS characteristics. We found different trackers producing qualitatively similar but quantitatively different results. Our results show a decline (median ∼52%) in the frequency of TS but increase in the strongest TS and Available Cyclone Energy (ACE) of TS over both basins. The higher‐resolution models extract TS with much higher intensity and ACE values compared to the lower‐resolution models. These results have implications for adaptation planning and risk assessment for TS and suggest the need for further high‐resolution modeling studies.
Biogenic and Anthropogenic Contributions to Atmospheric Organosulfates in a Typical Megacity in Eastern China
Authors: Huang Liubin , Wang Yao , Zhao Yue , Hu Huilin , Yang Yu , Wang Yuchen , Yu Jian‐Zhen , Chen Tianshu , Cheng Zhen , Li Chenxi , Li Ziyue , Xiao Huayun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOrganosulfates (OSs) are important components of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) in the atmosphere. Despite the frequent observation of OSs in field and laboratory studies, the sources and detailed formation pathways of these species, particularly in polluted regions, are still not well understood. In this study, a total of 156 ambient PM2.5 filter samples were collected in a Chinese megacity (Shanghai) over four seasons in both 2015–2016 and 2018–2019. More than 270 OS formulas were detected in ambient aerosols using high‐resolution liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Interestingly, a series of alkyl OSs, CnH2n+1O4S− (C5–C11), were observed, which are most likely to be produced from the heterogeneous reactions of organic peroxides with sulfur dioxide or sulfate. The observation of these compounds provides the first field evidence for atmospheric OS formation involving organic peroxides. By employing a positive matrix factorization model, the possible precursors of OSs were classified into six groups, that is, isoprene‐derived, monoterpene‐derived, aromatic, short‐chain aliphatic, long‐chain aliphatic, and anthropogenic C2/C3 OSs. Biogenic (isoprene and monoterpenes) and anthropogenic sources (the remaining factors) contributed to 57.2% and 42.8% of OS formation in 2015–2016, respectively, and their contributions just slightly changed in 2018–2019. In addition, the OS sources exhibited strong seasonality. Isoprene‐derived OSs contributed to the largest fraction of total OSs in summer, while anthropogenic sources dominated OS formation in other seasons. Our findings provide valuable insight into OS sources and formation mechanisms in the atmosphere and highlight the importance of both biogenic and anthropogenic emissions for the formation of OSs in a typical Chinese megacity.
The beneficial effect of prophylactic hydrocortisone treatment in extremely preterm infants improves upon adjustment of the baseline characteristics
Authors: Baud Olivier , Lehert Philippe ,   for the PREMILOC study group
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Prophylactic low-dose hydrocortisone (HC) was found to improve survival without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in extremely preterm infants. However, appropriately adjusting for baseline risks of BPD or death might substantially increase the precision of the HC effect size.

Methods
We conducted a secondary analysis of the PREMILOC trial. The treatment effect was evaluated on the primary endpoint through a covariance analysis ANCOVA, adjusting for the baseline covariates using a mixed linear model. Several sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the potential heterogeneity of the treatment effect across centers and subpopulations.

Results
The interaction between treatment group and baseline risk for BPD or death was not statistically significant (p = 0.498). After adjusting for the patient’s probability of BPD-free survival using baseline predictors alone, the HC treatment exhibited a highly significant effect (OR [95% CI] = 2.053 [1.602–2.501], p = 0.002), with a number needed to treat NNT [95% CI] = 5.8 [4.1–23.0]. Despite a weak interaction with sex, we found a lack of heterogeneity in the treatment effect across specific subpopulations.

Conclusions
In the PREMILOC trial, the beneficial effect of prophylactic HC versus placebo on BPD-free survival in extremely preterm neonates was found to be greater when adjusted to baseline risks of BPD or death.

Registration numbers
EudraCT number 2007-002041-20, ClinicalTrial.gov number NCT00623740.

Impact

Prophylactic low-dose hydrocortisone (HC) provided past evidence of a beneficial effect in improving survival without BPD in infants born extremely preterm.

Adjustment for baseline risks of BPD or death might substantially increase the precision of the HC effect size.

The beneficial effect of prophylactic HC vs placebo on BPD-free survival in extremely preterm neonates was found to be greater when adjusted to baseline risks of BPD or death.

We evidenced a lack of heterogeneity in the treatment effect in specific subpopulations despite some weak interaction with sex.
Genetic meta-analysis of levodopa induced dyskinesia in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Martinez-Carrasco Alejandro , Real Raquel , Lawton Michael , Iwaki Hirotaka , Tan Manuela M. X. , Wu Lesley , Williams Nigel M. , Carroll Camille , Hu Michele T. M. , Grosset Donald G. , Hardy John , Ryten Mina , Foltynie Tom , Ben-Shlomo Yoav , Shoai Maryam , Morris Huw R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe genetic basis of levodopa-induced-dyskinesia (LiD) is poorly understood, and there have been few well-powered genome-wide studies. We performed a genome-wide survival meta-analyses to study the effect of genetic variation on the development of LiD in five separate longitudinal cohorts, and meta-analysed the results. We included 2784 PD patients, of whom 14.6% developed LiD. We found female sex (HR = 1.35, SE = 0.11, P = 0.007) and younger age at onset (HR = 1.8, SE = 0.14, P = 2 × 10−5) increased the probability of developing LiD. We identified three genetic loci significantly associated with time-to-LiD onset. rs72673189 on chromosome 1 (HR = 2.77, SE = 0.18, P = 1.53 × 10−8) located at the LRP8 locus, rs189093213 on chromosome 4 (HR = 3.06, SE = 0.19, P = 2.81 × 10−9) in the non-coding RNA LINC02353 locus, and rs180924818 on chromosome 16 (HR = 3.13, SE = 0.20, P = 6.27 × 10−9) in the XYLT1 locus. Based on a functional annotation analysis on chromosome 1, we determined that changes in DNAJB4 gene expression, close to LRP8, are an additional potential cause of increased susceptibility to LiD. Baseline anxiety status was significantly associated with LiD (OR = 1.14, SE = 0.03, P = 7.4 × 10−5). Finally, we performed a candidate variant analysis of previously reported loci, and found that genetic variability in ANKK1 (rs1800497, HR = 1.27, SE = 0.09, P = 8.89 × 10−3) and BDNF (rs6265, HR = 1.21, SE = 0.10, P = 4.95 × 10−2) loci were significantly associated with time to LiD in our large meta-analysis.
Are informants required to obtain valid ratings on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)?
Authors: Nielsen Cecilie Marie , Kølbæk Pernille , Dines David , Opler Mark , Correll Christoph U. , Østergaard Søren Dinesen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRatings on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) are ideally based on both a patient interview and an informant questionnaire. In research and clinical settings, however, the informant questionnaire is often omitted. This study investigated the consequences of omitting informant information by comparing PANSS ratings of patients with schizophrenia (n = 49 patients, 77 ratings) conducted with and without informant information, respectively. Additionally, changes in symptom severity over time based on ratings with and without informant information were also compared for the full PANSS and the six-item version of the PANSS (PANSS-6). PANSS ratings including informant information were higher than those without, both at the total score and individual item level. Additionally, the full PANSS appeared less “responsive” to baseline-to-endpoint changes for ratings without informant information compared to ratings including informant information, while no differences were found for the PANSS-6.
Bacterial c-di-GMP has a key role in establishing host–microbe symbiosis
Authors: Obeng Nancy , Czerwinski Anna , Schütz Daniel , Michels Jan , Leipert Jan , Bansept Florence , García García María J. , Schultheiß Thekla , Kemlein Melinda , Fuß Janina , Tholey Andreas , Traulsen Arne , Sondermann Holger , Schulenburg Hinrich 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMost microbes evolve faster than their hosts and should therefore drive evolution of host–microbe interactions. However, relatively little is known about the characteristics that define the adaptive path of microbes to host association. Here we identified microbial traits that mediate adaptation to hosts by experimentally evolving the free-living bacteriumPseudomonas luridawith the nematodeCaenorhabditis elegansas its host. After ten passages, we repeatedly observed the evolution of beneficial host-specialist bacteria, with improved persistence in the nematode being associated with increased biofilm formation. Whole-genome sequencing revealed mutations that uniformly upregulate the bacterial second messenger, cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP). We subsequently generated mutants with upregulated c-di-GMP in differentPseudomonasstrains and species, which consistently increased host association. Comparison of pseudomonad genomes from various environments revealed that c-di-GMP underlies adaptation to a variety of hosts, from plants to humans. This study indicates that c-di-GMP is fundamental for establishing host association.
Numerical investigation of dusty tri-hybrid Ellis rotating nanofluid flow and thermal transportation over a stretchable Riga plate
Authors: Sharif Humaira , Ali Bagh , Siddique Imran , Saman Iqra , Jaradat Mohammed M. M. , Sallah Mohammed 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDue to high-ultra thermic significances, the nanosize materials are used in various chemical and mechanical engineering, modern technology and thermic engineering eras. For industrial growth of a country, one of the biggest challenges for engineers and scientists is improvement in thermal production and resources. In this study we analyzed the momentum and thermic aspects of MHD Ellis ternary nano material embedded with dust particles via stretchable Riga plate including volume concentration of dust material. The flow generating PDE’s for two phase models are minimized into dimensionless nonlinear ODE’s by using the right modification. To acquire the graphical results the BVP4c method was adopted in MATLAB software. Fundamental aspects affecting velocity and temperature have investigated through graphs. Additionally Nusselt number and skin friction have also been evaluated. Compared it with previous literature to check the validity of results. Finding reveals that as compared to dusty phase the performance of trihybrid nano phase thermal transport is improved. Moreover, the temperature profile increases for rotational and volume fraction dust particles parameter. Dusty fluids are used in numerous manufacturing and engineering sectors, like petroleum transport, car smoke emissions, caustic granules in mining and power plant pipes.
Analysis of the fractional relativistic polytropic gas sphere
Authors: Aboueisha Mohamed S. , Nouh Mohamed I. , Abdel-Salam Emad A. -B. , Kamel Tarek M. , Beheary M. M. , Gadallah Kamel A. K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMany stellar configurations, including white dwarfs, neutron stars, black holes, supermassive stars, and star clusters, rely on relativistic effects. The Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff (TOV) equation of the polytropic gas sphere is ultimately a hydrostatic equilibrium equation developed from the general relativity framework. In the modified Riemann Liouville (mRL) frame, we formulate the fractional TOV (FTOV) equations and introduce an analytical solution. Using power series expansions in solving FTOV equations yields a limited physical range to the convergent power series solution. Therefore, combining the two techniques of Euler–Abel transformation and Padé approximation has been applied to improve the convergence of the obtained series solutions. For all possible values of the relativistic parameters ($$\sigma$$
σ
), we calculated twenty fractional gas models for the polytropic indexes n = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2. Investigating the impacts of fractional and relativistic parameters on the models revealed fascinating phenomena; the two effects for n = 0.5 are that the sphere’s volume and mass decrease with increasing $$\sigma$$
σ
and the fractional parameter ($$\alpha$$
α
). For n = 1, the volume decreases when $$\sigma$$
σ
= 0.1 and then increases when $$\sigma$$
σ
= 0.2 and 0.3. The volume of the sphere reduces as both $$\sigma$$
σ
and $$\alpha$$
α
increase for n = 1.5 and n = 2. We calculated the maximum mass and the corresponding minimum radius of the white dwarfs modeled with polytropic index n = 3 and several fractional and relativistic parameter values. We obtained a mass limit for the white dwarfs somewhat near the Chandrasekhar limit for the integer models with small relativistic parameters ($$\alpha = 1$$

α
=
1

, $$\sigma = 0.001$$

σ
=
0.001

). The situation is altered by lowering the fractional parameter; the mass limit increases to Mlimit = 1.63348 M⊙ at $$\alpha = 0.95$$

α
=
0.95

and $$\sigma = 0.001$$

σ
=
0.001

.
Numerical simulation modeling and kinematic analysis onto double wedge-shaped airbag of nursing appliance
Authors: Xiao Yunxuan , Liu Teng , Meng Chuizhou , Jiao Zi’ang , Meng Fanchao , Guo Shijie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn previous studies, the numerical modeling and analyzing methods onto industrial or vehicle airbags dynamics were revealed to have high accuracy regarding their actual dynamic properties, but there are scarcely airbag stiffness modeling and comfortableness investigations of nursing cushion or mattress airbags. This study constructs a numerical model illustrating the association between the stiffness property and the internal gas mass of the wedge-shaped airbag of nursing appliance, and then the airbag stiffness variation discipline is described based on various inflation volumes. To start with, based on an averaged pressure prerequisite, a dynamic simulation model of the wedge-shaped airbag is established by the fluid cavity approach. For this modeling, the elastic mechanical behaviors of airbag material are determined according to a material constitutive model built by the quasi-static uniaxial tensile test. Besides, verification experiments clarify that the presented modeling method is accurate for airbag stiffness behavior prediction, and then can be effectively applied into design and optimization phases of wedge-shaped airbags. Ultimately, based on the simulation and experimental results, it is found that the wedge-shaped airbag stiffness exhibits a three stages characteristic evolution with the gas mass increase. Then the mathematical relationship between the airbag stiffness and gas mass is obtained by numerical fitting, which provides a vital basis for structural optimization and differentiated control of nursing equipment airbags.
Comprehensive analysis of PILRΑ’s association with the prognosis, tumor immune infiltration, and immunotherapy in pan-cancer
Authors: Li Qiao , Yang Zhirong , He Xiaoyan , Yang Xin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPaired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor alpha (PILRA) plays a vital role in regulating broad immune responses. However, the roles of PILRA in cancer immunity remain unexplored yet. In the current study, we comprehensively analyzed the oncogenic and immunologic roles of PILRA at a pan-cancer level based on the Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus datasets. PILRA was significantly dysregulated and frequently mutated in pan-cancer. Its expression and mutation status significantly impacted patient prognosis in several cancers. Besides, PILRA expression was positively correlated with ESTIMATE scores and the abundances of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Concurrently, PILRA expression was significantly associated with predictive biomarkers of cancer immunotherapy, and positively correlated with the prognostic outcomes of cancer patients receiving immunotherapy. Mechanistically, enrichment analysis implied that PILRA might be involved in the regulation of immune response and metabolic process. This study uncovered the immunological roles of PILRA in cancers and its potential as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy.