bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The c.126C>A(p.(Cys42Ter)) SLC7A10 nonsense variant is a candidate causative variant for paradoxical pseudomyotonia in English Cocker and Springer Spaniels
Authors: Van Poucke Mario , Stee Kimberley , Lowrie Mark , Peelman Luc 
Published: March 2023

AbstractParadoxical pseudomyotonia has previously been described in the English Cocker Spaniel (ECS) and English Springer Spaniel (ESS) breeds, without the identification of potentially causative variants. This disease is characterised by episodes of exercise‐induced generalised myotonic‐like muscle stiffness, phenotypically similar to congenital pseudomyotonia in cattle, and paramyotonia congenita and Brody disease in people. Four additional affected ESS dogs with paradoxical pseudomyotonia are described in this report, together with the identification of the autosomal recessive c.126C>A(p.(Cys42Ter)) SLC7A10 nonsense variant as candidate disease‐causing variant in both ECS and ESS. The variant has an estimated prevalence of 2.5% in both breeds in the British study samples, but was not identified in the Belgian study samples. Genetic testing‐based breeding should be a useful tool to eliminate this disease in the future, although an effective treatment option is available for severely affected dogs.
Older adults with schizophrenia and dementia: Analysis of a national dataset
Authors: Mentzel Charlotte , Taube Clare , Glue Paul , Barak Yoram 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesIndividuals with schizophrenia develop dementia in late life at higher rates than the general population. This is arguably explained by high rates of chronic medical conditions and exposure to antipsychotic medications. This risk has implications for public health. We aimed to test this in a large New Zealand database.MethodsParticipants in this study were New Zealanders aged 65 years or older who had an interRAI assessment completed during the study period (July 2013–June 2020). This cohort study analysed data from 168,780 individuals. The majority were European (87%), and mostly assessment was for home care (86%).ResultsThere were 2103 individuals with schizophrenia, 1.25% of the total sample, mean age of 75 years (±1.9) and 61% female. A minority of individuals with schizophrenia, 23%, also had a dementia diagnosis. At 82 years of age (±1.7) and 60% female, 25% of individuals without schizophrenia had a dementia diagnosis; the difference from rate of dementia in individuals with schizophrenia was not statistically significant.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that further study is needed about the processes that lead to dementia diagnoses in older individuals with schizophrenia.
Effect of near‐infrared laser treatment on improving erectile function in rats with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Yang Lin , Liu Guoxiong , Jiang Dali , Lin Guiting , Ren Zejun , Fan Hengtong , Yang Bing , Mu Liyue , Lue Tom F. , He Dalin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes mellitus‐induced erectile dysfunction is difficult to treat. The oxidative stress created by diabetes mellitus is a major cause of injuries to the corpus cavernosum, thereby resulting in erectile dysfunction. Near‐infrared laser has already been shown to be effective in treating multiple brain disorders because of its antioxidative stress effect.ObjectivesTo investigate whether a near‐infrared laser improves the erectile function of diabetes mellitus‐induced erectile dysfunction rats through its antioxidative stress effect.Materials and methodsKnowing its advantage of reasonable deep tissue penetration and good photoactivation on mitochondria, a near‐infrared laser with wavelength of 808 nm was used in the experiment. Since the internal and external corpus cavernosum were covered by different tissue layers, the laser penetration rates of the internal and external corpus cavernosum were measured separately. Different radiant exposure settings were applied: in the initial experiment, 40 male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned to five groups, normal controls, and streptozotocin‐induced diabetes mellitus rats that 10 weeks later received various radiant exposures (J/cm2) from the near‐infrared laser (DM0J(DM+NIR 0 J/cm2), DM1J, DM2J, and DM4J) in the subsequent 2 weeks. Erectile function was then assessed 1 week after near‐infrared treatment. It was found that the initial radiant exposure setting was not optimal according to the Arndt–Schulz rule. We performed a second experiment using a different radiant exposure setting. Forty male rats were randomly divided into five groups (normal controls, DM0J, DM4J, DM8J, and DM16J), and the near‐infrared laser was again applied according to the new setting, and erectile function was assessed as in the first experiment. Histologic, biochemical, and proteomic analyses were then conducted.ResultsRecovery of erectile function of varying degrees was observed in the near‐infrared treatment groups, and radiant exposure of 4 J/cm2 achieved optimal results. The DM4J group showed improvement in mitochondrial function and morphology in diabetes mellitus rats, and it was found that oxidative stress levels were significantly reduced by near‐infrared exposure. The tissue structure of the corpus cavernosum was also improved by near‐infrared exposure. The proteomics analysis confirming multiple biologic processes were changed by diabetes mellitus and near‐infrared.Discussion and conclusionNear‐infrared laser activated mitochondria, improved oxidative stress, repaired the damage to penile corpus cavernosum tissue structures caused by diabetes mellitus, and improved erectile function in diabetes mellitus rats. These results thus raise the possibility that human patients with diabetes mellitus‐induced erectile dysfunction may respond to near‐infrared therapy in a manner that parallels the responses we observed in animal study.
Food protein‐induced enterocolitis syndrome among children in northern Sweden—A retrospective review from 2004–2018
Authors: Öhlund Magnus , Liljeholm Sara , Strinnholm Åsa , Winberg Anna 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimTo describe clinical presentation and development of tolerance among children with Food protein‐induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) in a population in northern Sweden.MethodsA retrospective review of medical records of children presenting with FPIES symptoms from 1 January 2004, to 31 May 2018.ResultsSixty children (65% boys) with FPIES were included. The estimated incidence gradually increased to 0.45% in 2016–2017. The most common food triggers were cow's milk (40%), fish (37%) and oat (23%). Symptoms presented in 31 (60%) children before 6 months and in 57 (95%) before 1 year of age. The median age for FPIES diagnosis was 7 (range 3–134) months and for fish FPIES 13 (range 7–134) months. By 3 years of age, 67% of children with FPIES to milk and oat but none of the children with fish FPIES had developed tolerance. Allergic conditions like eczema and asthma were reported in 52% of the children.ConclusionThe cumulative FPIES incidence was 0.45% in 2016–2017. Most children presented with symptoms before 1 year of age, but the diagnosis was often delayed, especially for FPIES to fish. Tolerance development occurred at an earlier age when FPIES was triggered by milk and oat compared to fish.
Coarse‐grained, marine, sub‐wave base, high‐angle clinoform sets: A little‐known outcrop facies illustrated by Jurassic examples from East Greenland
Authors: Surlyk Finn , Larsen Michael 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOutcrops of coarse‐grained, high‐angle clinoform sets are mainly thought to represent Gilbert‐type deltas. Superficially similar clinoform sets may, however, form in marine, sub‐wave base settings. They are interpreted to have formed as a result of storms where downwelling, seaward‐directed currents transported sand from the coastal area and shoreface across the shelf in suspension or as bedload to be deposited as clinothems. An additional transport of sand took place by strong coast‐parallel currents. The clinoform sets appear to be associated with rift events, the creation of accommodation space and an increasing supply of coarse‐grained sediment. A major protracted rift phase was initiated in East Greenland in Middle Jurassic times and intensified through the Late Jurassic to reach a climax close to the Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary. Rifting caused uplift of borderlands, creation of accommodation space and development of shallow marine shelves passing offshore into submarine slopes and deeper basinal areas. Each rift event was accompanied by the formation of clinoform sets prograding seawards towards the east and southeast away from the cratonic coastline in water depths below the wave base. The clinoform sets are interpreted as typical motifs for rift events in the relatively shallow epeiric Jurassic seaway between East Greenland and Norway. Outcrops of such sets represent a little‐known, commonly misinterpreted sedimentary system and may serve as motifs for rifting in shallow marine areas elsewhere in the geological record. Similar sets have been recorded in outcrop from the Mediterranean, and elsewhere and are probably more common than hitherto realized.
Behavioural evolution of Neotropical social wasps (Vespidae: Polistinae): the queen selection process
Authors: Chavarría‐Pizarro Laura , da Silva Marjorie , Ament Danilo C. , Almeida Eduardo A. B. , Noll Fernando Barbosa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAll Epiponini wasps are polygynic, with multiple queens alternating over the colony cycle. There are several potential queens in the early stages of this cycle, but as it progresses, the number of queens is reduced. Because most individuals remain reproductively totipotent, there is great potential for conflicts over reproduction. Workers could have an advantage in controlling queen production because they are much more numerous than queens. Nevertheless, the queen selection process is little known for Epiponini. For this reason, we aimed to study the behaviour of queens and workers during queen selection in multiple species of Epiponini, integrate information from previous behavioural studies, and perform a comparative analysis to interpret changes evolutionarily. We conducted observations on nine species belonging to five genera: Brachygastra, Chartergellus, Metapolybia, Polybia and Protopolybia. Females were individually marked to make direct and video observations. Queen production was artificially induced. A total of 28 behaviours related to queen selection were identified. The most aggressive interactions between castes, such as bite and dart, were lost in the major lineages of Epiponini. Bending display I is an ancient behaviour used as the main dominance display. Behaviours exhibited by workers to test queen status arose in the common ancestor of the Epiponini and are not shared by other polistine wasps. Consequently, the act of workers testing queen status probably was present in the Epiponini ancestor. Ritualized test display and dominance behaviours are used in Epiponini as honest signals of the queen's reproductive potential instead of aggressive behaviours. Caste flexibility had already been suggested as the ground plan for Epiponini and is herein discussed as decisive for colony survival of swarm wasps, because it allows colonies to respond efficiently to different situations that may eventually arise.
Umbilical cord blood–derived exosomes from healthy term pregnancies protect against hyperoxia‐induced lung injury in mice
Authors: Zhong Xin‐qi , Wang Ding , Chen Shuang , Zheng Jing , Hao Tao‐fang , Li Xiu‐hong , Luo Li‐hua , Gu Jian , Lian Chang‐yu , Li Xiao‐sa , Chen Dun‐jin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic, devastating disease primarily occurring in premature infants. To date, intervention strategies to prevent or treat BPD are limited. We aimed to determine the effects of umbilical cord blood‐derived exosomes (UCB‐EXOs) from healthy term pregnancies on hyperoxia‐induced lung injury and to identify potential targets for BPD intervention. A mouse model of hyperoxia‐induced lung injury was created by exposing neonatal mice to hyperoxia after birth until the 14th day post birth. Age‐matched neonatal mice were exposed to normoxia as the control. Hyperoxia‐induced lung injury mice were intraperitoneally injected with UCB‐EXO or vehicle daily for 3 days, starting on day 4 post birth. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were insulted with hyperoxia to establish an in vitro model of BPD to investigate angiogenesis dysfunction. Our results showed that UCB‐EXO alleviated lung injuries in hyperoxia‐insulted mice by reducing histopathological grade and collagen contents in the lung tissues. UCB‐EXO also promoted vascular growth and increased miR‐185‐5p levels in the lungs of hyperoxia‐insulted mice. Additionally, we found that UCB‐EXO elevated miR‐185‐5p levels in HUVECs. MiR‐185‐5p overexpression inhibited cell apoptosis, whereas promoted cell migration in HUVECs exposed to hyperoxia. The luciferase reporter assay results revealed that miR‐185‐5p directly targeted cyclin‐dependent kinase 6 (CDK6), which was downregulated in the lungs of hyperoxia‐insulted mice. Together, these data suggest that UCB‐EXO from healthy term pregnancies protect against hyperoxia‐induced lung injuries via promoting neonatal pulmonary angiogenesis partially by elevating miR‐185‐5p.
Does ethnicity impact CYP2D6 genotype–phenotype relationships?
Authors: Frederiksen Trine , Areberg Johan , Schmidt Ellen , Stage Tore Bjerregaard , Brøsen Kim 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPolymorphism of the CYP2D6 gene leads to substantial interindividual variability in CYP2D6 enzyme activity. Despite improvements in prediction of CYP2D6 activity based on genotype information, large interindividual variability within CYP2D6 genotypes remains and ethnicity could be a contributing factor. The aim of this study was to investigate interethnic differences in CYP2D6 activity using clinical datasets of three CYP2D6 substrates: (i) brexpiprazole (N = 476), (ii) tedatioxetine (N = 500), and (iii) vortioxetine (N = 1073). The CYP2D6 activity of all individuals in the dataset was estimated through population pharmacokinetic analyses as previously reported. Individuals were assigned a CYP2D6 phenotype and CYP2D6 genotype group based on their CYP2D6 genotype and interethnic differences were investigated within each group. Among individuals categorized as CYP2D6 normal metabolizers, African Americans had a lower CYP2D6 activity compared to Asians (p < 0.01) and in the tedatioxetine and vortioxetine analyses also compared to Whites (p < 0.01). Among CYP2D6 intermediate metabolizers, interethnic differences were also observed, but the findings were not consistent across the substrates. Asian carriers of CYP2D6 decreased function alleles tended to exhibit higher CYP2D6 activity compared to Whites and African Americans. The observed interethnic differences within the CYP2D6 phenotype and genotype groups appeared to be driven by differences in CYP2D6 allele frequencies across ethnicities rather than interethnic differences in enzyme activity for individuals carrying identical CYP2D6 genotypes.
‘Fundermediaries’ in Nairobi, Kenya: Development Partnerships in the Aid Chain
Authors: Woensdregt Lise , Nencel Lorraine 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTBy representing the voice of communities, community‐based organizations (CBOs) are increasingly joining development partnerships. This article explores the inherently contradictory relationship between ‘voice raising’ and the politics of listening. While academia has mostly focused on the inclusion of CBOs, few studies have approached this subject from the perspective of the listening practices of ‘fundermediaries’ (a portmanteau term combining ‘funder’ and ‘intermediary’). This ethnographic research on a CBO led by male sex workers in Nairobi, Kenya, illustrates that the listening ability of fundermediaries hinges on their position in the aid chain, and specifically on the dynamics of their own accountability. The analysis distinguishes between two partnership types. The first uses a pragmatic approach, which ultimately limits the channels for CBOs to be included and heard, resulting in them having to ‘make noise’ to ensure they are heard. The second creates more possibilities to listen, engages in constructive dialogues with partner CBOs, and includes the ideas and expertise of CBOs in development strategies; hence, CBOs feel heard and are positive about these partnerships. Improved listening practices facilitate opportunities to reconfigure the position of the different actors in development partnerships and can benefit both the positions of CBOs in the aid chain and the programmatic outcomes of fundermediaries.
Substantial niche overlap in carrion beetle habitat and vegetation use
Authors: Garfinkel Chloe F. , McCain Christy M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The habitat affinities of carrion beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae), a speciose group with wide cooccurrence, are only coarsely described for well‐studied species, particularly in the western United States.
We aim to identify if the 15 species of montane carrion beetle in Colorado differ substantially in their use of habitats and across more uniquely defined, fine‐scale vegetation characteristics.
Habitat and vegetation data as well as carrion beetle abundance were collected along four elevational transects in the Front Range and San Juan Mountains from 2010 to 2012 across 32 sites. Multiple habitat types were sampled, including forest, meadow, riparian, rocky outcrops and tundra. The fine‐scale vegetation characteristics included percent coverage of ground vegetation (grass, forb, shrub, cacti, bare ground), understory vegetation biomass and height, canopy cover and tree species, number and size. Canonical correspondence analysis models examined whether vegetation characteristics strongly segregated species using abundances and presence‐absences.
Habitat and vegetation models explained a maximum of 18.93% of the variation in species' abundances and 2.48% in species' presence–absences. Only one likely habitat specialist was identified by the models (Heterosilpha ramosa) and the remaining species had substantial overlap in habitat and vegetation use. The arid, low productivity and generally open understory habitats in Colorado mountains likely play a large role in the substantial vegetation overlap.
Other mechanisms of partitioning likely exist in this system to reduce niche overlap, which could include differences in activity time and seasonality, physiological traits, other life history strategies and body size.
Otolith 87Sr/86Sr identifies natal origin, movement and life history of Burbot Lota lota in the Kootenai River following 45 years of impoundment
Authors: Dunnigan James L. , Linley Timothy J. , Janak Jill M. , Nims Megan K. , Garavelli Lysel , McMichael Geoffrey A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHydropower has long been an effective form of renewable energy, but the development of the resource has negatively impacted fishes throughout the world. Formulating recovery plans to mitigate these effects requires a firm understanding of species‐specific provenance, life history and life stage habitat requirements. However, the importance of this information is often only recognised after a substantial population decline, when obtaining it becomes demographically challenging. We provide a case study for this scenario and present a post hoc approach to gain insight into these critical data gaps for Burbot Lota lota in the upper Kootenai River in Montana and British Columbia. The population once supported a robust tribal and recreational harvest but declined following impoundment and these fisheries have remained closed or curtailed for nearly 20 years. The reasons for the decline are unknown and actions to assist recovery have been constrained by limited information regarding natal origin, life history and habitat use. We addressed this issue using strontium isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr) in otoliths collected over four decades in Lake Koocanusa, the reservoir on the Kootenai River above Libby Dam. Due to the geologic heterogeneity of the basin and resulting variation in water 87Sr/86Sr, the assignment probability for Burbot to their region of natal origin approached unity. Otolith 87Sr/86Sr also indicated the population was comprised of mainstem‐ and tributary‐origin forms and their relative abundance changed over time. Mainstem Burbot was most abundant during the 1970s and 2000s, whereas tributary forms dominated between these periods. We suggest ecosystem changes following impoundment contributed to this shift in life history forms and the overall decline of the population. Our findings underscore the need for additional investigations of these impacts to guide restoration efforts.
Effect of temporal frequency on habituation in migraine
Authors: Sharp Alex , Föcker Julia , O'Hare Louise 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIndividuals with migraine tend to experience discomfort when viewing flickering stimuli. It has been suggested that one of the characteristics of migraine is a lack of habituation to repetitive visual stimuli, although findings can be mixed. Previous work has typically used similar visual stimuli (chequerboard) and only one temporal frequency. This study systematically varied the spatial and temporal characteristics of the visual stimulus, using steady‐state visual evoked potentials to assess the differences in amplitude between migraine and control group over consecutive blocks of stimulation. Twenty individuals with migraine and 18 control observers were asked to rate their visual discomfort after viewing sequences of flickering Gabor patches with a frequency of either 3 or 9 Hz across three different spatial frequencies (low 0.5 cpd; mid‐range 3 cpd; high 12 cpd). Compared to the control group, the migraine group showed a reduction in SSVEP responses with increased exposure, suggesting habituation processes are intact at 3‐Hz stimulation. However, at 9‐Hz stimulation, there was evidence of increased responses with increasing exposure in the migraine group in particular, which might suggest a build‐up of the response over repetitive presentations. Visual discomfort varied with spatial frequency, for both 3‐ and 9‐Hz stimuli, the highest spatial frequencies were the least uncomfortable compared to the low‐ and mid‐range spatial frequencies in both groups. This difference in SSVEP response behaviour, dependent on temporal frequency, is important to consider when researching the effects of repetitive visual stimulation in migraine and could give some indication of build‐up of effects leading to aversion to visual stimuli.