bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcutaneous tibial nerve electrical stimulation versus vaginal electrical stimulation in women with overactive bladder syndrome: Is there a role for short‐term interventions?
Authors: Nunes Janaina Mayer de Oliveira , Gregório Emerson Pereira , Moreira Eliane Cristina Hilberath , Hazime Fuad Ahmad , Averbeck Marcio Augusto , de Almeida Silvio Henrique Maia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of vaginal electrical stimulation (VS) versus transcutaneous tibial nerve electrical stimulation (TTNS) in women with overactive bladder syndrome (OAB).Material and MethodsSixty‐nine patients were randomized to receive 12 sessions of VS versus TTNS, or no treatment (control group—CG), over 6 weeks. OAB impact according to international consultation on incontinence questionnaire overactive bladder module (ICIQ‐OAB), symptoms discomfort scores and voiding diaries were evaluated at baseline, 6 weeks and 1‐month post‐treatment.ResultsBoth TTNS (mean difference = −4.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −6.5 to −1.9) and VS (−3.8; −6.0 to −1.6) were associated with significant reduction of ICIQ‐OAB scores, as well as discomfort sensation (−3.9; −6.2 to −1,7; p < 0.001 for the TTNS and −2.8; −5.0 to −0.6; p = 0.01 for the VS) at 6 weeks when compared to CG (p < 0.001). ICIQ‐OAB score remained low only in the TTNS group when compared to the CG (−3.6; −6.0 to −1.2/p = 0.00) 1 month after treatment. Discomfort symptoms improved in both active groups when compared to CG (TTNS [−3.2; −5.2 to −1.2; p < 0.001] and VS groups [−2.6; −4.7 to −0.6; p = 0.01]). No statistically differences were found in primary outcomes comparing TTNS and VS Secondary analysis showed significant improvement in urinary urgency incontinence episodes (UUI) in both TTNS and VS, but CG. UUI episodes were still reduced in the VS group and urgency in the TTNS group 1‐month post‐treatment.ConclusionShort‐term interventions (6 weeks) of TTNS and VS were both effective in treating women with OAB. TTNS provided residual effects at one‐month postintervention on ICIQ‐OAB score.
Contribution of social, behavioral, and contextual exposures to Black‐White disparities in incident obesity: The CARDIA study
Authors: Song Christopher , Bancks Michael P. , Whitaker Kara M. , Wong Mandy , Carson April P. , Dutton Gareth R. , Goff David C. , Gordon‐Larsen Penny , Gunderson Erica P. , Jacobs David R. , Kiefe Catarina I. , Lewis Cora E. , Lloyd‐Jones Donald M. , Shikany James M. , Kershaw Kiarri N. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to quantify the contributions of socioeconomic, psychosocial, behavioral, reproductive, and neighborhood exposures in young adulthood to Black‐White differences in incident obesity.MethodsIn the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, 4488 Black or White adults aged 18 to 30 years without obesity at baseline (1985‐1986) were followed over 30 years. Sex‐specific Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate Black‐White differences in incident obesity. Models were adjusted for baseline and time‐updated indicators.ResultsDuring follow‐up, 1777 participants developed obesity. Black women were 1.87 (95% CI: 1.63‐2.13) times more likely and Black men were 1.53 (95% CI: 1.32‐1.77) times more likely to develop obesity than their White counterparts after adjusting for age, field center, and baseline BMI. Baseline exposures explained 43% of this difference in women and 52% in men. Time‐updated exposures explained more of the racial difference in women but less for men, compared with baseline exposures.ConclusionsAdjusting for these exposures accounted for a substantial but incomplete proportion of racial disparities in incident obesity. Remaining differences may be explained by incomplete capture of the most salient aspects of these exposures or potential variation in the impact of these exposures on obesity by race.
Model‐informed pediatric dose selection of marzeptacog alfa (activated): An exposure matching strategy
Authors: Faraj Alan , van Wijk Rob C. , Neuman Linda , Desai Shraddha , Blouse Grant E. , Knudsen Tom , Simonsson Ulrika S. H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMarzeptacog alfa (activated) (MarzAA) is an activated recombinant human rFVII variant intended for subcutaneous (s.c.) administration to treat or prevent bleeding in individuals with hemophilia A (HA) or B (HB) with inhibitors, and other rare bleeding disorders. The s.c. administration provides benefits over i.v. injections. The objective of the study was to support the first‐in‐pediatric dose selection for s.c. MarzAA to treat episodic bleeding episodes in children up through 11 years in a registrational phase III trial. Assuming the same exposure‐response relationship as in adults, an exposure matching strategy was used with a population pharmacokinetics model. A sensitivity analysis evaluating the impact of doubling in absorption rate and age‐dependent allometric exponents on dose selection was performed. Subsequently, the probability of trial success, defined as the number of successful trials for a given pediatric dose divided by the number of simulated trials (n = 1000) was studied. A successful trial was defined as outcome where four, three, or two out of 24 pediatric subjects per trial were allowed to fall outside the adult exposures after s.c. administration of 60 μg/kg. A dose of 60 μg/kg in children with HA/HB was supported by the clinical trial simulations to match exposures in adults. The sensitivity analyses further supported selection of the 60 μg/kg dose level in all age groups. Moreover, the probability of trial success evaluations given a plausible design confirmed the potential of a 60 μg/kg dose level. Taken together, this work demonstrates the utility of model‐informed drug development and could be helpful for other pediatric development programs for rare diseases.
Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Docking Studies of 4H‐[1,2,3] thiadiazolo[4,5‐b]indole Hybrids as Antifungal Agents
Authors: Rather Rafiq A. , Ara Tabassum 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHerein, we report the synthesis of 4H‐[1,2,3]thiadiazolo[4,5‐b]indole derivatives along with their pharmacological activity against different Gram‐(+ve), Gram‐(−ve) and fungal strains. Structures of all the compounds were elucidated by NMR, HRMS, LC–MS and IR analysis methods. The biological studies revealed that 4H‐[1,2,3]thiadiazolo[4,5‐b]indole and 5‐nitro‐4H‐[1,2,3]thiadiazolo[4,5‐b]indole compounds possess good antifungal activity with IC50 values of 10.8±2.2, 16.0±0.9 and MIC values of 25 and 36, respectively. At the same time, compound 4H‐[1,2,3]thiadiazolo[4,5‐b]indole possesses weak antibacterial activity with an IC50 value of 34.1±1.0 and MIC >100. Molecular docking performed on the compound 4H‐[1,2,3]thiadiazolo[4,5‐b]indole showed a high affinity with binding energy −6.0 and 5.7 kcal mol‐1 and formed key interactions with the active site of transferase enzyme (6AEF) and integrin protein (3FCU).
Green and Red Luminescent Curcuma and Lawsone Herbal Amalgam as Yellow Emission Source
Authors: Sahu Bhumika , Ghosh Tanushree , Kandpal Suchita , Bansal Love , Rani Chanchal , Jha Hem Chandra , Kumar Rajesh 
Published: April 2023

Abstract“Herbal electronics” is a very new term tossed for the area where optical and electrical properties of herbal materials are being studied for possible application in electronics. The optical properties of extract solutions obtained from two raw materials namely turmeric, and henna has been studied here using absorption and luminescence spectroscopies. The as‐prepared solutions appear luminescent under UV light and generate two complementary colors, red and green which when mixed together exhibits yellow emission. A careful analysis has been carried out to understand how the two solutions can be mixed to obtain a yellow emission by using a simple Blue/UV LED as excitation source. Obtained emission colors has been qualified using CIE color chart and PL quantum yield have also been calculated. The yellow emission has been demonstrated using a simple set up where a blue led (400 nm) is used as excitation and the mixture solution is used as active luminescent material which emits yellow light with a quantum yield of ∼5 %.
In situ Micro‐Arc Oxidation‐Induced Growth of Black Ceramic ZrO2 and CuO Coatings on Magnesium Alloys and their Electrochemical Analysis
Authors: Chen Hong , Zhang Jiangang , Fan Zongyi , Chen Yongnan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a new environmentally friendly micro‐arc oxidation (MAO) colorant coating was proposed, which greatly improved the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy. Herein, the black MAO coatings with uniform color and superior performance were successfully prepared on AZ91D alloy to expand the application of magnesium alloy. It was found that the color of the MAO coatings changes from white (80.76) to black (19.92) with the increased concentration of cupric pyrophosphate, attributed to the formation of copper compounds (CuO) in the outer layer of MAO coatings. In addition, electrochemical corrosion tests were also carried out in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. And it was found that the corrosion potential and current were −1.32 V and 1.06×10−6 A/cm2, respectively, which increased by 0.15 V and decreased by 3.16×10−6 A/cm2 compared to those without cupric pyrophosphate. In conclusion, black MAO coatings produced at a cupric pyrophosphate concentration of 6 g/L, an oxidation time of 17 min, and a termination voltage of 375 V had an excellent performance and superior corrosion resistance. Therefore, it was provided a new idea for the research of surface in‐situ treatment technology with the composite of zirconia salt electrolyte and cupric pyrophosphate.
Comparison between hydrothermal and a facile sonochemical synthesis of Mn1‐XCeXOY, at different Ce loading, towards the catalytic oxidation of toluene
Authors: Suárez‐Vázquez Santiago I. , Cruz‐López Arquímedes , Ruiz‐Gómez Miguel A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractVolatile organic compounds (VOCs) are harmful to human health due to their carcinogenicity and toxicity. In addition, they are responsible for the generation of secondary atmospheric pollutants. Catalytic oxidation is an effective alternative for the reduction of these types of emissions. In this context, Ce−Mn oxides have been reported as excellent catalyst because of their low cost, redox capacity, and oxygen mobility. To date, the best Ce−Mn oxide catalysts have been produced using hydrothermal synthesis. In the present work, we propose a novel, facile, environmental‐friendly, and low‐cost sonochemical method for the synthesis of Mn−Ce oxides with different Ce loadings. The new materials were characterized, and catalytic activity was measured in toluene oxidation reactions. Results demonstrated that, despite the low surface area of Mn−Ce oxides prepared by sonochemical method, these samples showed a superior catalytic activity with T90values of 266 °C. This performance was the result of the higher Mn4+content, as well as improved reducibility and activation of Olatspecies as compared to that of hydrothermally synthesized catalysts. However, the interaction between Mn2O3and MnO2in the hydrothermally synthesized catalysts resulted in a greater stability in long‐term oxidation reactions.
Safe, Green, and Efficient Synthesis of m‐Dinitrobenzene via Two‐Step Nitration in a Continuous‐Flow Microreactor
Authors: Zhao Wenyuan , Zhang Qi , Wei Wei , Xu Weichang , Sun Wenxuan , An Tingwang , Ji Lu , Wang Hande , Zhou Chuan , Yan Dongmao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn industry, m‐dinitrobenzene is mainly obtained by two‐step nitration of benzene, but still faces the problem of being heterogeneous and highly exothermic. In this work, a two‐step continuous‐flow nitration was developed in a microreactor, combining benzene nitration and mononitrobenzene nitration in series. The waste acid after the mononitrobenzene nitration stage was utilized in the benzene mononitration stage, and the waste acid in the benzene mononitration stage was treated and concentrated for reuse. The whole process consumes almost no sulfuric acid. Under optimal conditions, the yield of dinitrobenzene was more than 99.0 % and the selectivity of m‐dinitrobenzene was more than 91 % with a residence time of 4 min at 70 °C. In addition, the space‐time yield of the continuous microreactor was 800 times higher than the batch reactor. It provides a safe and efficient method for the industrial production of m‐dinitrobenzene.
Study of N‐methyl‐5‐nitroindazolylacrylonitriles as a Function of Quantum Parameters Employing Density Function Theory Methods: Comparative Theoretical Study and Nonlinear Optical Properties
Authors: Moumad Aziz , Bouhaoui Abderrazzak , Eddahmi Mohammed , Hafid Abderrafia , Domingo Luis R. , Bouissane Latifa 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe synthesis of N‐methyl‐5‐nitroindazolylacrylonitriles 2 a–l by a Knoevenagel condensation reaction with a series of aldehydes in the presence of piperidine allowed the preparation of the desired products the yields are good to excellent. N‐Methyl‐5‐nitroindazolylacrylonitriles (2 a–l) were verified by 1H, 13C NMR and mass spectrometry. In this current work, the reactivity indices defined within the Conceptual DFT of the targeted molecules through DFT/B3LYP/6‐311G(d,p) calculations were studied. The 1H NMR, UV‐vis and IR spectroscopy chemical shifts of all synthesized 5‐nitroindazoles 2 a–l were calculated and the results were compared to the results of the experimental data. In this series of compounds, the 2 e has the lowest hyperpolarizability, which results being the most stable and having the least response to nonlinear optics (NLO). In contrast, the compound 2 l has the highest hyperpolarizability, which fallouts being the least stable and having a high response to NLO. Every chemical has a significant three‐dimensional p‐electronic delocalization, which is crucial for understanding NLO responses.
Construction of yolk‐shell structural polydopamine@WO3 micro/nanospheres for enhanced photocatalytic degradation
Authors: Shi Jiahui , Zhang Juan , Jia Zhixin , Zhao Ruihua , Abubakr Yasin Umsalama Abuelgasim , Du Jianping 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPolydopamine‐coated tungsten oxide (PDA@WO3) nanomaterial is synthesized by the polymerization of dopamine around the surface of WO3 to form the perfect yolk‐shell structures, and the optoelectronic properties and photocatalytic performance in the wide pH range are studied. After coating of PDA around the WO3 surface, as‐obtained PDA@WO3 possesses better light absorption, lower band gap, stronger photocurrent response, and lower resistance than pristine WO3. As a result, the improved photocatalytic ability of PDA@WO3 nanocomposites, by optimizing the amount of dopamine, is achieved. Compared with pristine WO3, PDA@WO3 exhibits better photocatalytic activity, and the degradation rate of methyl blue reaches 80.2 % (pH=5.4) and 94.5 % (pH=7.2) after 150 min. Combined band energy with trapping experiments of the active substance, photocatalytic activity and degradation mechanism are discussed. Originated from the π electron conjugation system of PDA and yolk‐shell structure of PDA@WO3, the mobility of photogenerated electrons increase and the recombination of electrons‐holes reduce that result in improvement of the photocatalytic performance of pristine WO3, implying surface‐modified metal oxide with yolk‐shell is a potential photocatalytic material for degradation in wide pH range.
Effects of exposure to the inhalational anaesthetic sevoflurane on the male reproductive system in rats
Authors: Qingzhen Liu , Yuping Hu , Lidong Zhang , Junfeng Zhang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to explore the effects of inhalational anaesthetics on the male reproductive system in neonatal rats.MethodsPostnatal day 6 (P6) male rat pups were assigned to 2 groups of 40 rats each. The control group did not receive anaesthesia, and the test group was exposed to air containing 3% sevoflurane in a chamber. After sevoflurane exposure, the effects on the male reproductive system in neonatal rats exposed to inhalational anaesthetics were tested. The rats were maintained to P60. The fertility, sperm and spermatid count, sperm motility, organ weights and histological changes in rats were determined.ResultsCompared with those of the control group, the sperm count and motility of the sevoflurane group were significantly decreased (p < 0.05), and there was also a decrease in the number of foetal rats from the sevoflurane group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the arrangement of the seminiferous tubule was regular in the control group, whereas the arrangement of the seminiferous tubule was distorted and the spermatocytes were detached and irregularly lined in the sevoflurane group. TUNEL analysis showed that the number of apoptotic cells in the testes of the sevoflurane group was significantly increased (p < 0.05). SOD and MDA analyses showed that SOD was decreased, while MDA expression was increased.ConclusionsThese data indicated that young rats suffered as a result of inhalation of the anaesthetic sevoflurane and had reduced reproductive system function during adolescence in males. These studies are useful as a foundation for clinical studies.
Preliminary Application of CT Technology in Non-destructive Testing of Nuclear Fuel Elements
Authors: Yang Xiaoliang , Wang Xuequan , Pan Zhe , Liu Jie , Luo Jiandong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWith the emergence of various novel fuel elements, traditional X-ray test technologies refer to national standards that have gradually been unable to meet the non-destructive testing (NDT) requirements for these novel fuel elements. As a new NDT technology, industrial computed tomography (CT) has great potential for NDT of nuclear fuel elements. In this paper, through a personalized transformation of self-developed X-ray equipment, we carried out CT scanning imaging experiments up to more than 400 kV on pellet-shell gap in rod-shaped fuel elements, a high-density annular component, and a tungsten-based workpiece. Not only that, after three-dimensional reconstruction and image analysis, it was found that sub-millimeter internal void defects could be detected. Furthermore, size measurements were carried out through image analysis which achieved a relative error of 5%. A conservative conclusion can be drawn from this research: industrial CT, including but not limited to micro-CT, high-energy X-ray CT, etc., has an optimistic future in testing internal defects and measuring internal dimensions of novel fuel elements.
The Potential Force Interface Tension Model in MPS Method for Stratification Simulation
Authors: Jian Lijun , Zeng Xiao , Pei Jie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the analysis of phenomenology of serious accident, stratification behavior is important in the late in-vessel stage of core melt. Traditional numerical methods have difficulties in analyzing stratification process accompanying with free surface, which need extra processes such as empirical correlations. The Moving Particle Semi-implicit (MPS) method has a natural advantage in calculating multiphase flows with free surface. In this paper, we apply the potential force surface tension model to the MPS program and extend the original surface tension model to the interface tension calculation of multiple flows. The improved MPS method is verified by a classical dam break problem. The surface tension model is verified by the cases of droplet oscillation, droplet on solid wall and floating droplet. Finally, the two-dimensional dam-break stratification experiment of silicone oil and salt water is simulated, and the simulation results agree with the experiment.
Wetting Behavior of LBE on 316L and T91 Surfaces with Different Roughness
Authors: Yan Tingxu , Zhu Huiping , Liu Xudong , Tu Xu , Qi Muran , Wang Yifeng , Li Xiaobo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper, two typical candidate structural materials of 316L and T91 with different surface roughnesses were studied at temperatures from 200–500 ℃. The surface with different roughness was prepared by mechanical polishing on the sandpapers with particle sizes from 400 to 2000 mesh. The wetting test was carried out in a smart contact angle measuring device by using the sessile-drop method. Meanwhile, the microstructure of the liquid-solid surface was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that the surfaces of both materials are non-wetting to LBE in the tested temperature range. The contact angles of LBE drop on material surfaces decrease with increasing temperature in general. However, it appears to increase significantly at 400 ℃ for both two materials. Besides, the decrease of surface roughness can effectively inhibit the wettability of LBE on the material surface. In addition, compared with 316L, the wetting of the LBE to T91 surface is better, indicating the higher tendency of LME for T91 in practical application. These results can provide references for the prediction of the LME behavior of structural materials.
Development and Verification of a New Depletion, Activation and Radiation Source Term Calculation Code
Authors: Wen Xingjian , Zhai Zian , Tang Songqian , Tian Chao , Liu Zhouyu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractExisting depletion and source term calculation codes lack flexible interfaces, which is difficult to meet the actual engineering design needs. Based on the Chebyshev rational approximation method, a new depletion, activation and source term calculation code TIST is developed and verified. Full-fidelity depletion library based on ENDF-VII.0 and EAF2010 contains 3837 isotopes is generated. Flexible interfaces are built-in to support cross sections from different sources for depletion and activation calculations. The EAF2010 library and the cross sections from the high-fidelity code NECP-X are adopted by TIST for the verification in this work. Based on the nuclide inventory of the depletion and activation calculation, the radiation source term calculation capability of TIST is developed, including the radioactivity, the decay heat, the neutron source and the photon source. The comparison results with NECP-X and FISPACT demonstrate good accuracy of TIST.
Research on the Radioactive Waste Discharge Permit Regulation
Authors: Huang Li , Liu Ting , Fan Yun , Chang Meng , Dong Yiman 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFor the release of radioactive waste, the regulatory body must establish or approve operational limits and conditions relating to public exposure, including approved discharge limits. The parties concerned must ensure that the release of radioactive waste and radioactive substances into the environment is managed in accordance with the instrument of ratification. Discharge authorization procedures, including the establishment of emission authorizations and emission allowances, the establishment and use of dose constraints, emission characteristics, and the circumstances of exposure used in the establishment of emission allowances, etc., According to the legal requirements of our country, at present, all units in the nuclear industry that produce and discharge radioactive waste gases and liquids into the Environment shall rely on the examination and approval of prior environmental impact reports or environmental impact assessment documents, the permit mode of total discharge control for the examination and approval of the designed nuclide discharge of radioactive waste gas and liquid. At present, China’s radioactive contamination emissions are not included in the management of emission permits, nuclear and radiation-related key industries and units are not included in the “Fixed Source Emission Permits Classified Management Directory” management. Whether it is feasible to carry out the pollution discharge permit system in the nuclear and radiation industry of our country, in the theoretical system, there are already relevant laws and regulations of our country to guarantee or can guarantee, however, there are still some problems in the actual operation, such as insufficient research on radiation environmental quality objectives,further work is needed to promote the full implementation of the discharge permit system in the nuclear industry.