bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Employee psychological wellbeing in the face of pandemic: The role of belief in work priority
Authors: Lee S. Susie , Chao Melody M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTraditionally, individuals who prioritize work over other aspects of life have been lauded as ideal employees. Individuals vary in the extent to which they endorse the beliefs that work should be prioritized over other aspects of life, known as the Belief in Work Priority (BWP). Various lockdown restrictions imposed due to the COVID‐19 pandemic have blurred work‐family boundary, which consequently made prioritizing work over family responsibilities challenging. A repeated cross‐sectional study was conducted to examine the relationship between BWP and employee wellbeing during (vs. before) the pandemic outbreak. We recruited 398 participants who were employed and resided in the U.S. Results revealed that during the pandemic, BWP and employee wellbeing showed a negative relationship through increased work‐family conflict. Furthermore, such relationship was particularly strong among married employees and male employees.
Stable Locomotion of Humanoid Robots on Uneven Terrain Employing Enhanced DAYANI Arc Contour Intelligent Algorithm
Authors: Kashyap Abhishek Kumar , Parhi Dayal R. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Humanoid robots must be capable of walking on complicated terrains and tackling a variety of obstacles leading to their wide range of possible implementations. To that aim, in this article, the issue of humanoid robots walking on uneven terrain and tackling static and dynamic obstacles is examined. It is inspected by implementing a novel Enhanced DAYANI Arc Contour Intelligent (EDACI) Algorithm that designs trajectory by searching feasible points in the environment. It provides an optimum steering angle, and step optimization is performed by Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (BFGS) Quasi-Newton method that leads to guide the humanoid robot stably to the target. The leg length policy has been presented, and a reward-based system has been implemented in the walking pattern generator that provides the optimum gait parameters. One humanoid robot act as a dynamic obstacle to others if they are navigating on a single terrain. It may generate a situation of deadlock, which needs to be solved. In this article, a dining philosopher controller (DPC) is employed to deal with and solve this issue. Simulations are used to evaluate the proposed approach in several uneven terrains having two humanoid NAOs. The findings indicate that it can precisely and efficiently produce optimal collision-free paths, demonstrating its efficacy. Experiments in similar terrain are performed that validate the results with a deviation under 6%. The energy efficiency of the developed controller is evaluated in reference to the inbuilt controller of NAO based on energy consumption. In order to check the feasibility and accuracy of the developed controller, a comparison with an established technique is provided.
A Knowledge-Based System Methodology for Conceptual Design of Mechanical Systems
Authors: Zhao Wang , El-Gizawy A. Sherif , Billatos Samir B. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a knowledge-based system methodology, called Domain Knowledge Transformation (DKT), that can be used at the conceptual design stage of mechanical systems. The DKT model is a two-levels process that reveals the insights of the methodology. In the first level, defined as the preconcept level, a list of design specifications is developed through the interaction between an intelligent system and the users or customers. In the second level, defined as the concept level, design solutions are generated using a functional requirements mapping (FRM) method. Design using FRM is characterized by the ability to structure hybrid sets of design knowledge, relevant information and customer needs. FRM method define results of current design efforts, future tasks and their priorities, various metrics, and a presentation format for decision making. After briefly introducing the DKT methodology, the paper shows how design requirements are generated and stored by questions and answers interface, objective tree guided structured interview and the dynamic knowledge base in the preconcept level. The paper then shows, through a real world design example, how FRM can be used to provide a detailed association between statements of design requirements (customer needs) and the physical entities proposed as solutions. The paper concludes that DKT methodology could be a useful concurrent engineering tool in the early design stage.
Monitoring the Behavior of an Experimental Impacting System
Authors: Slade Kara N. , Virgin Lawrence N. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Since monitoring all the state variables in dynamic experiments may be difficult or even impossible, and since it is desirable to reduce the coupling between the system under study and the measuring device to as low a level as possible, it is useful to assess novel data acquisition techniques. Furthermore, it is well established that topological information can be obtained from delay coordinate embedding, and thus, not all of the state variables, or even a continuous set of a single variable, need to be measured. In the case of impacting systems, the impacts can be viewed as discrete events which can then be used to reconstruct more general features of the behavior. The success of such reconstruction techniques will be assessed in this paper.
Solutions of Radiative Heat Transfer in Nonhomogeneous Participating Media Using the Quadrature Method
Authors: Wu Shang-Hsuang , Wu Chih-Yang , Hsu Pei-feng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This work considers radiative heat transfer in a three-dimensional, rectangular, scattering medium exposed to diffuse radiation. Applying the quadrature method with singularity subtraction to the exact integral equations in terms of the moments of intensity can generate highly accurate solutions, and so the method is adopted in this work. The example solutions provided are for radiative equilibrium in homogeneous absorbing-emitting media, and for radiative transfer in nonhomogeneous absorbing-scattering (isotropic and linearly anisotropic) media with non-reflecting surfaces. To validate the solutions, the present results are compared with the solutions obtained by the YIX method and other methods.
Spatial-Multiblock Procedure for Radiation Heat Transfer
Authors: Chai John C. , Moder Jeffrey P. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A spatial-multiblock procedure for radiation heat transfer is presented in this article. The proposed procedure is applicable to isothermal or nonisothermal, absorbing, emitting and scattering or transparent media with black or reflecting walls. Although not shown in this article, the procedure is also applicable to nongray conditions. The proposed procedure can be used with the discrete ordinates method and the finite volume method. The heat transfer rate, net radiant power and other full-range and half-range moments are conserved between spatial blocks by the proposed procedure. The utilities of the proposed procedure are shown using four sample problems. The solutions indicate that the multiblock procedure can reproduce the results of a single-block procedure even when very coarse spatial grids are used in the multiblock procedure.
Conjugate Mixed Convective Heat Transfer in Electronic Equipment
Authors: Gadepalli Prashant , Rahman Muhammad M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The cooling of electronic components on a circuit board by cross-flow mixed convection was analyzed in the present study. In this class of flow, the orthogonal free and forced convection result in a three-dimensional boundary layer flow. It was attempted to identify and analyze the significance of the factors that influence the local heat transfer rate and the surface temperatures of these components. A simple two-dimensional model of a thin plate with stripwise heat sources on it was considered first and it was found that having an external cross-flow results in lower surface temperatures than having an aiding flow. Next, a more practical three-dimensional model of a conducting board of finite thickness with four heat sources mounted on the surface was analyzed. Heat transfer from both sides of the board was taken into account. The conservation equations for mass, momentum, and energy were solved. The important factors that influenced the heat transfer mechanism were the distance of the heat sources from the natural as well as the forced convective leading edges, spacing between the sources, the Richardson number, Reynolds number, board thickness, and the properties of the board material.
Natural Convection in Symmetrically Heated Vertical Parallel Plates With Discrete Heat Sources
Authors: Manca Oronzio , Nardini Sergio , Naso Vincenzo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Laminar air natural convection in a symmetrically heated vertical channel with uniform flush-mounted discrete heat sources has been experimentally investigated. The effects of heated strips location and of their number are pointed out in terms of the maximum wall temperatures. A flow visualization in the entrance region of the channel was carried out and air temperatures and velocities in two cross sections have been measured. Dimensionless local heat transfer coefficients have been evaluated and monomial correlations among relevant parameters have been derived in the local Rayleigh number range 10 – 106. Channel Nusselt number has been correlated in a polynomial form in terms of channel Rayleigh number.
Modeling of Transient Turbulent Natural Convection in a Melt Layer With Solidification
Authors: Fan T. H. , Cheung F. B. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The phenomenon of turbulent natural convection in a horizontal heat-generating melt layer with solidification taking place at the cooled upper and lower boundaries is investigated theoretically. The objective is to determine the transient behavior of the crust at the upper and lower surfaces and the effect of crust formation on the turbulent natural convection process in the melt layer. Various surface temperatures, latent heats, and the heat source strengths are considered along with the effects of the Stefan number and Rayleigh number. Special attention is given to the interaction between the melt pool heat transfer and the crust dynamics. Numerical results are presented for the transient crust thickness, transient temperature distribution, eddy heat transport, and the heat transfer characteristics at the solid-liquid interface during the freezing process. The present study provides basic information needed to predict the transient behavior of a melt pool in a reactor lower head following a severe core-meltdown accident.
Measurement of Wavelength, Dynamic Contact Angles, Front Velocity and Shape of Rivulets on an Inclined Plate by Fluorescent Imaging
Authors: Johnson M. F. G. , Schluter R. A. , Miksis M. J. , Bankoff S. G. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Fluorescent imaging is used to measure the fluid characteristics in the neighborhood of moving contact lines. The rivulets formed owing to the instability of the film front advancing down an inclined glass-plate are thus examined in detail, including lateral wavelength or spacing between rivulets, tip velocity, three-dimensional shape and dynamic contact line. The extensions of this technique to a large region (∼ 1 m2) and to a small thicknesses with the necessary precision required extensive calibration and independent measurements.
Effects of Acoustic Atomization on Combustion Emissions
Authors: Cook Charles A. , Charagundla S. Rao , Presser Cary , Dressler John L. , Gupta Ashwani K. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Measurements of droplet characteristics and gas-phase chemical composition are reported for spray flames produced by a velocity-modulated, pressure-jet atomizer. A piezoelectric driver was used to modulate the velocity of kerosene fuel through a commercially available pressure-jet nozzle. Phase Doppler interferometry was used to measure droplet size and velocity in the spray flames. Gas samples were extracted from the spray flames, and concentrations of chemical species were determined using FTIR spectroscopy and a chemiluminescent NO/NOx analyzer. Experiments were performed at two different piezoelectric driving frequencies and compared to a base case without velocity modulation. The effect of velocity modulation on both the spray characteristics and chemical product formation were studied. The results show that velocity modulation decreases overall droplet size and increases mean droplet velocity and number density near the spray. These characteristics increase the flame standoff distance and flame length. However, the spray characteristics resulting from velocity modulation decreases the number of droplets escaping the spray flame unburned.
An Automotive Seat Cushion Vibration Model
Authors: Patten William N. , Pang Jian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A low order lumped parameter model is proposed to describe the vertical vibration compliance of an automotive seat. The model includes linear stiffness and damping effects and a nonlinear dissipation term to account for the colomb damping exhibited by open cell fluid or gas filled foams that are commonly used in the construction of an automotive seat cushion. A shaped sand bag was positioned on the seat cushion and vibrated to obtain test data. A white noise acceleration with an amplitude ranging from .05 g rms to .45 g rms in increments of .05 g rms was used to excite the seat track. A sports car seat was tested and a nonlinear model was identified that predicts the actual test data with fidelity.
Study of the Apparent Viscosity of Fluidized Sand
Authors: Bakhtiyarov Sayavur I. , Overfelt Ruel A. , Reddy Shashikiran 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The present work is concerned with an experimental study of the apparent viscosity of sand used in typical foundries. The viscosity of fluidized foundry sand was measured at both Poiseuille (capillary viscometer) and Couette (rotational viscometer) flows. Capillary tube viscometers are obviously to be preferred when the data are to be used for pipe flow problems, and rotational viscometers, which subject the material under test to a precise and uniform rate of shear, have definite advantages in the analysis of complex system, such as in sand molding processes. Data obtained with the Brookfield viscometer show that as either the shear rate or the bed voidage factor (air flow rate) increases, the apparent viscosity decreases. In addition, the measured viscosities are only slightly affected by changes in particle diameter for the diameters investigated. The capillary viscometer data show that the apparent viscosity does not depend on the overall pressure drop at given capillary tube. However the apparent viscosity measurements were significantly affected by the tube length to inner diameter ratio due to the dominant influence of entrance region energy losses.
An Experimental Evaluation of Capillary Tube-Suction Line Heat Exchanger Performance With Refrigerant HFC-134a
Authors: Bittle Robert R. , Pate Michael B. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Capillary tube-suction line heat exchanger performance with refrigerant HFC-134a was experimentally evaluated for a range of heat exchanger geometries and operating conditions typically found in household refrigerators. Due to the number of variables that could potentially influence heat exchanger performance, statistical methods were employed in designing the experimental test plan and in reducing the data. Key variables and their respective ranges tested included; capillary tube inner diameter (0.66 to 0.79 mm), capillary tube length (2440 to 3300 mm), heat exchanger length (1000 mm to 1780 mm), condensing temperature (29.4 to 55.6°C, which corresponds to a condensing pressure of 758 kPa and 1516 kPa), evaporator pressure (131 to 165 kPa), capillary tube inlet condition (2.8 to 5.6°C subcool), and oil concentration level (0 to 3%).
For these experiments, the measured HFC-134a mass flow rates ranged between 2.7 and 9.5 kg/hr, and measured effective subcooling level ranged between 13 and 33°C. Based on the resulting performance database, design correlations predicting mass flow rate and the heat exchanger effectiveness were developed and verified. The HFC-134a results were also compared to measured heat exchanger performance with refrigerants HFC-152a and CFC-12.
Kissing Heat Transfer Between the Wraps of a Scroll Pump
Authors: Sunder Sankar , Smith Joseph L. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Conductances associated with the various modes of internal heat transfer in a scroll pump are estimated. Heat transfer through transient contact between scroll wraps (kissing heat transfer) is found to be a dominant mode of heat transfer between discharge and suction sides of the pump. Such heat transfer is characterized by significant steady-state heat fluxes across the wraps of a scroll pump. Experiments on a specially instrumented scroll compressor provide evidence of significant heat fluxes across the wraps of the scroll pump. Estimation of the contact angle between wraps based on Hertzian stresses, as well as an oil film demonstrate that kissing heat transfer is a plausible mechanism of heat transfer in these pumps. Contact angles inferred from experimental data are also shown to be of the same order of magnitude as those predicted by hertzian stress calculations. It is shown that the heat fluxes observed in the kissing heat transfer experiment are too large to be explained by convection between gas and wall in the scroll pump.
Turbulent Flow Through Reed Type Valves of Reciprocating Compressors
Authors: Deschamps C. J. , Prata A. T. , Ferreira R. T. S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The present work considers the modeling of turbulent flow in reed type valves of reciprocating compressors and is based on a simplified geometry of the actual valve, that is, a radial diffuser with axial feeding. The refrigerant gas flow through the valve system is characterized by the Reynolds number Re based on the feeding orifice diameter d. Due to its claimed capability to predict flow including features such as recirculation region, curvature and adverse pressure gradient (all of them present in the flow considered here), the RNG k-ε model of Orzag et al (1993) has been applied in the present numerical analysis. The governing equations are numerically solved using the finite volume methodology, and the approximation of convective transport was performed using the higher-order accurate QUICK scheme. Experiments were conducted to assess the turbulence model. Results of pressure distribution along the front disc and effective flow and force areas for three values of valve lifts s (s/d = 0.05, 0.07 and 0.1) and three Reynolds numbers (Re = 10,000, 20,000 and 40,000) when compared to the experimental data, showed that the RNG k-ε model can provide a good prediction of the important parameters required for valve design and analysis.
Three-Dimensional Simulation of a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Stack Under Transient Conditions
Authors: He W. , Chen Q. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The three-dimensional distributions of the crucial parameters in a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) stack under transient conditions have been investigated by using dynamic simulation. The major processes with regard to an MCFC’s safe and efficient operation in power-generation systems, such as the mass and heat transport, chemical reactions and electrical power generation, are formulated in a three-dimensional, time-dependent form using the computational-fluid-dynamics (CFD) technique. In this paper, the model performance is demonstrated by applying it to calculate the distributions of current density and temperature under a step change. The simulation results at steady state are consistent with the experimental data and the analytical results from the literature.
Heat Exchanger Network Optimization Strategy Based on Reducing the Number of Heat Exchangers
Authors: Sama Dominick A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The characteristics of good process design methods are discussed. A skill-based design optimization strategy to reduce the number of heat exchangers in a heat exchanger network (HEN) is proposed, and is compared with the pinch technology approach. It is shown that the Hohmann (or Euler) equation can correctly predict the existence of loops in maximum energy recovery (MER) heat exchanger networks, but cannot accurately predict the minimum number of heat exchangers. It is also found that breaking loops, or creating independent subsets of streams does not always reduce the number of exchangers. The importance of using enthalpy vs. temperature plots of individual process streams as well as those of hot and cold composites is demonstrated. In the absence of other overriding criteria, it is recommended that HEN designs should be selected on the basis of reduced number of heat exchangers.
Preview Control of Active Suspension for Railway Vehicles
Authors: Fujioka Takehiko , Yamada Haruo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this paper preview control of active suspension for railway vehicles is studied. Railway vehicles are usually used in a train, and are exposed to the same irregularity of rails. Preview information of disturbance can be gotten easier in rail vehicles than in other vehicles. Preview Control is one kind of feedforward control. When preview control is applied to railway vehicle suspension, fail-safe system should be added in case of failure in preview control system including sensing system. In order to compensate this problem, a combined control by preview and H infinity feedback control is considered in this paper. Numerical simulations and bench tests are performed to verify the effect. Simulations and bench tests confirm the following: (l)The combined control reduces vibration; (2)The reduction of vibration is about the superposition of the effect of each control separately; (3)The amount of control moment does not increase to get the effect above. It is also confirmed in simulations that the feedback loop can compensate the failure in preview control system.
Real-Time CMAC Neural Network Control of a Piezo-Electric Actuated Toolpost With Disturbance Decoupled Observer
Authors: Pinsopon Unnat , Larsen Gary , Cetinkunt Sabri , Nakajima Shin-ichi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The design and fabrication of a cerebellar model articulation controller (CMAC) controlled piezo-electric actuated fast tool servo has been reported [Pinsopon et al]. A capacitance type gap sensor with less than 1 nm resolution was used for position feedback. Cerebellar model articulation controller (CMAC) neural network control algorithm has been implemented parallel to the PID controller as the control scheme, and its performance was compared with the standard PID control. The CMAC control algorithm improves the tracking accuracy compared to the PID algorithm. However, the CMAC control system had a poor disturbance rejection capability as compared to the PID control system. In this research, state feedback with disturbance observer is implemented as the control scheme replacing PID controller to improve the disturbance rejection capability. CMAC control algorithm is also used in the feedforward loop to improve the tracking capability of the closed loop system.