bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A proficiência do professor de inglês como LE: os documentos oficiais brasileiros e a especificidade da proficiência do professor
Authors: Marcelino Raquel Gomes 
Published: March 2023

As Diretrizes Curriculares para os cursos de Letras (DCL) foram publicadas em 2001, assegurando-lhes autonomia na elaboração de seus documentos. Tendo em vista que a atividade de ensinar uma LE insere-se em uma situação específica, exigindo um determinado nível ou níveis de proficiência (FREEMAN et al., 2015), propomos, neste artigo, uma discussão acerca de alguns aspectos da proficiência linguística, da proficiência do professor de inglês como LE, bem como o perfil de proficiência exigido nas DCL. A metodologia combinou a pesquisa bibliográfica, tendo como base os autores da área, que abordam o assunto, e a análise documental tendo por base as DCL. Entre os resultados estão demonstrados que: a proficiência do professor de inglês não é efetivamente levada em consideração pelo texto oficial; e, se por um lado as DCL não trazem especificações em relação à proficiência em LE do professor, por outro, promovem autonomia às instituições de ensino.
Aportaciones al proceso educativo de niños y jóvenes
Authors: Guzmán Ramírez Alejandro , Ochoa Ramírez José Alberto 
Published: March 2023

El aprendizaje formal, como proceso educativo intencionalmente organizado y estructurado, se extiende más allá de los muros de la escuela, pues llega hasta la ciudad; dicho espacio se vuelve un recurso didáctico, que se desarrolla a partir de reconocer el entramado, natural y construido, entre sus ciudadanos. Las relaciones y los contactos de sus habitantes nos permiten hablar de aprendizaje informal; sin embargo, se requiere de estrategias didácticas para asegurar que dicho proceso educativo sea adecuado.
Este trabajo tiene como objetivos: 1) establecer estrategias didácticas dirigidas a niños y jóvenes para que aprendan a valorar lo cultural, ambiental e histórico de su entorno urbano, como medio educativo; 2) presentar ejemplos que faciliten la comprensión y la aplicación de dichas estrategias. Se empleó una metodología cualitativa, que recurrió a fuentes primarias y secundarias, para reconocer las estrategias didácticas que se han empleado para educar a niños y jóvenes: el reconocimiento del contexto natural y construido de la ciudad, la valoración de sus elementos patrimoniales y actividades de inclusión social como medios de expresión artística en el espacio público.
desaparición de personas en México: modalidades, magnitudes e impactos
Authors: Jaramillo Minchel María Cecilia , Retama Domínguez Michel 
Published: March 2023

La desaparición de personas ha sido utilizada en Latinoamérica, desde la década de los 60, como una medida de control ideológico político —sobre todo en las dictaduras militares del Cono Sur o en la guerra sucia en México—. En la actualidad, las motivaciones y modalidades se han ampliado, ya que se le suman fines criminales. En México se puede observar que los victimarios y sus víctimas también se han transformado, pues ahora no sólo el Estado emplea esta estrategia en contra de sus opositores, sino también el crimen organizado en la comunidad en general.
De igual forma, la desaparición en México es una de las formas de violencia extrema, y ha incrementado en los últimos años. Si bien los datos oficiales señalan que hasta diciembre del 2019 existían 61 637 denuncias de personas desaparecidas o no localizadas, se reconoce que esta grave violación a los derechos humanos impacta seriamente a las familias, comunidades e, incluso, a las instituciones.
La prevención y tratamiento de esta práctica criminal y violatoria de derechos humanos presenta grandes ausencias y debilidades. Pese a los avances, como la Ley General en Materia de Desaparición Forzada de Personas, los esfuerzos aún son insuficientes y los recursos limitados. En este contexto, destaca la función que han ejercido las organizaciones de familiares de desaparecidos, al demandar justicia e impulsar estrategias en su interpelación a los gobiernos.
Anillos de Kayser-Fleischer y la Enfermedad de Wilson, una revisión de literatura
Authors: Nogueira Junior Rafael Inacio , Meireles Duarte Geovani  Fabian 
Published: March 2023

La enfermedad de Wilson, también llamada degeneración hepatolenticular, es una enfermedad autosómica recesiva que afecta tanto a hombres como a mujeres, actuando como una deficiencia en el metabolismo del cobre. Las personas con esta enfermedad pueden presentar manifestaciones neurológicas, hepáticas, oculares, entre otras. Una de las características presentes en las personas que tienen comprometido el sistema nervioso central son los anillos de Kayser-Fleischer que se manifiestan en los ojos que son anillos de cobre que se acumulan en la membrana de Descemet del globo ocular, formando anillos de color verde parduzco en su costado. La enfermedad de Wilson es el resultado de una alteración genética, lo que lleva a que el cobre no sea metabolizado y, en consecuencia, lo deje suelto en el torrente sanguíneo, acumulándose típicamente en el hígado y los ganglios basales. Esta revisión bibliográfica tiene como objetivo revisar puntos importantes de la enfermedad de Wilson y verificar si los anillos de Kayser-Fleischer son un punto intrínseco en el diagnóstico de esta, facilitando su detección precoz y, consecuentemente el tratamiento. A partir de este análisis se concluye que los anillos de Kayser-Fleischer no son específicos para la enfermedad de Wilson, sin embargo, son diferenciables frente a dicha enfermedad, porque son menos densas y tienen un color más tostado que marrón.
Palabras clave: Enfermedad de Wilson, anillos de Kayser Fleischer, Diagnóstico.

Abstract
Wilson's disease, also called hepatolenticular degeneration, is an autosomal recessive disease that affects both men and women, acting as a deficiency in copper metabolism. People with this disease may present neurological, hepatic, and ocular manifestations, among others. One of the characteristics present in people who have a compromised central nervous system are the Kayser-Fleischer rings, which are copper rings that accumulate in the Descemet’s membrane of the eye, forming brownish-green rings on its side. Wilson's disease is the result of a genetic alteration, which leads to copper not being metabolized and consequently leaving it loose in the bloodstream, typically accumulating in the liver and basal ganglia. This bibliographic review aims to review important points of Wilson's disease and verify if Kayser-Fleischer rings are an intrinsic point in the diagnosis of Wilson's disease and thus facilitate early diagnosis and consequently treatment. To carry out the bibliographic review, a systematic investigation was carried out, using the research sources mentioned below. To present novelties in the area of ​​Wilson's disease diagnosis, and consequently advance treatment and early diagnosis for a duly effective treatment, Kayser-Fleischer rings are not specific for Wilson's disease, however they are differentiable against this disease, because they are less dense and have a tanner color than brown.
Keywords: Wilson´s Disease, Kayser-Fleischer Rings, Diagnosis.
Revisión bibliográfica de los impactos de la pandemia y su relación con la Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 en niños
Authors: Fernandes Lopes Jéssika , Sande Rolon Valeria Yasmin 
Published: March 2023

El objetivo de este estudio es establecer la relación entre los cambios en el estilo de vida, la alimentación de los niños durante la pandemia de COVID-19 y el surgimiento de la Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 en esta población. Para llevar a cabo este análisis, se procedió a una revisión sistemática de 30 artículos científicos en las bases de datos PubMed, MedLine y Scientific Electronic Library Online, en los idiomas español, portugués e inglés, siendo seleccionado 16 artículos, utilizando como criterio las publicaciones de los últimos 5 años. Se analizaron los resúmenes y, en los casos necesarios, los artículos completos, considerando aquellos que incluían recomendaciones sobre la Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 en niños y los impactos de la pandemia. Se encontró que los cambios en la alimentación (ricos en carbohidratos y grasas), el aumento del sedentarismo, debido al aislamiento, puede contribuir al sobrepeso, la obesidad, la hipertensión y a alteraciones del sueño y del estrés, todos estos son factores de riesgo para el surgimiento de la Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2. Por lo tanto, es necesario prestar una atención especial a los pacientes pediátricos para prevenir esta enfermedad, ya que sus consecuencias pueden durar toda la vida y pueden agravarse con el tiempo.
Palabras clave: Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2, niños, COVID-19, estilo de vida, impacto.

Abstract
The objective of this study is to establish the relationship between changes in lifestyle, children's diet during the COVID-19 pandemic and the emergence of Diabetes Mellitus type 2 in this population. To carry out this analysis, we proceeded to a systematic review of 30 scientific articles in the databases PubMed, MedLine and Scientific Electronic Library Online, in Spanish, Portuguese and English, being selected 16 articles, using as criteria the publications of the last 5 years. We analyzed abstracts and, when necessary, full articles, considering those that included recommendations on Diabetes Mellitus type 2 in children and the impacts of the pandemic. It was found that changes in diet (rich in carbohydrates and fats), increased sedentary lifestyle, due to isolation, can contribute to overweight, obesity, hypertension and sleep and stress disturbances, all these are risk factors for the emergence of Diabetes Mellitus type 2. Therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention to pediatric patients to prevent this disease, since its consequences can last a lifetime and can worsen over time.
Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, children, COVID-19, lifestyle, impact.
La pobreza y la mala nutrición: Desafíos por vencer para la disminución de la epidemia de enfermedades no trasmisibles
Authors: Chaves Rodrigues Filho Lairtes , Sande Rolon Valeria Yasmin 
Published: March 2023

Desde 2015 el mundo busca la acción colectiva para establecer una agenda común promoviendo el desarrollo sostenible de la humanidad con diferentes objetivos estratégicos por medio de la Agenda 2030. En atención a la alarmante incidencia de las enfermedades no transmisibles, la doctora Valeria Sande investiga situaciones de factores de riesgo y efectividad de estrategias de la salud pública para reducir estas enfermedades por medio del mapeo en la ciudad fronteriza de Pedro Juan Caballero, Paraguay. Esta entrevista establece el análisis de algunas de sus investigaciones realizadas en el mencionado país. Es urgente la necesidad de divulgar que la obesidad, el tabaquismo, la inseguridad alimentar y la desnutrición acarrean complicaciones graves y en algunos casos, irreversibles. Sin embargo, no es suficiente invertir en la expansión de la calidad de los servicios de atención médica sin considerar la problemática socioeconómica de la población: la pobreza sigue siendo el principal factor que dificulta el combate a las enfermedades no transmisibles y sus consecuentes muertes prematuras.
Palabras clave: Enfermedades no trasmisibles, pobreza, tabaquismo, inseguridad alimentar.

Abstract
Since 2015, the world has sought collective action to establish a common agenda to promote the sustainable development of humanity in different strategic objectives through the 2030 Agenda. Among those related to health, there is the confrontation with the growth of infectious diseases and, mainly, the urgency of noncommunicable diseases. The researcher Professor Valeria Sande develops work mapping situations of risk factors and effectiveness of public health strategies to reduce these diseases in the border city of Pedro Juan Caballero, Paraguay. In this interview, he establishes his analysis of some of the main works in the area carried out from the country. There is an urgent need to raise awareness of obesity, smoking, food insecurity and malnutrition and the health complications that these bring to the population and consider that it is not possible to establish effective health actions, even with the expansion of health care services in primary care without considering poverty as the main enemy of combating noncommunicable diseases and the consequent premature deaths in the country.
Keywords: Noncommunicable diseases, poverty, smoking, food insecurity.
General Management Practices and Socio-Economic Characteristics of Thanjavur Black Goat Farmers of Tamil Nadu
Authors: R. Nithiaselvi , N. Murali , S. Selvaramesh A. , A. Clement Ebenezer Henry , J. Vijay Anand , P. Saravanan K. 
Published: March 2023

Aim: The present study was carried with the objective to know the management practices and socio-economic characteristics of Thanjavur Black goat farmers.
Place and Duration of Study: Thanjavur, Thiruvarur, Nagapattinam, Tiruchirappalli and Pudukkottai districts of Tamil Nadu from April to September 2022.
Methodology: Data was collected from 250 goat flocks in five districts of Tamil Nadu using stratified random sampling through a pretested interview schedule and analyzed by percentage, frequency and the Chi-square test.
Results and Conclusion: The study revealed that Thanjavur Black goats were compact and docile in nature, so 54.40 percent of small farmers (with up to 2.5 acres) preferred to rear this goat. The Thanjavur Black goat is a native goat and mainly reared for meat purposes; 72.80 percent of the goat flocks were small (1–15 goats). Further, 51.20 percent of farmers were male, the majority of whom were in their middle age (59.60%) and had less than 5 years of experience in goat farming (47.20%). Besides, about 40.40 percent of the farmers completed their primary education and farmers, who accounted for 69.60 percent of them, were the most backward community. The study found that the majority of the farmers engaged in small-scale goat rearing as an additional source of income. The study further shows that 85 percent of the goat shelters were half open without a side wall, 50.80 percent of the farmers followed grazing only with additional rice gruel, 86.80 percent of mating happened on grazing land with other herd mates. Foot and mouth disease, enterotoxaemia and peste des petits ruminants disease were major in Thanjavur Black goats. So far, no significant efforts have been attempted to register this indigenous germplasm. The current study was conducted to record the management practices and socio-economic profile of the farmers.
MS‐Net: Learning to assess the malignant status of a lung nodule by a radiologist and her peers
Authors: Dai Duwei , Dong Caixia , Li Zongfang , Xu Songhua 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAutomatically assessing the malignant status of lung nodules based on CTscan images can help reduce the workload of radiologists while improving their diagnostic accuracy.PurposeDespite remarkable progress in the automatic diagnosis of pulmonary nodules by deep learning technologies, two significant problems remain outstanding. First, end‐to‐end deep learning solutions tend to neglect the empirical (semantic) features accumulated by radiologists and only rely on automatic features discovered by neural networks to provide the final diagnostic results, leading to questionable reliability, and interpretability. Second, inconsistent diagnosis between radiologists, a widely acknowledged phenomenon in clinical settings, is rarely examined and quantitatively explored by existing machine learning approaches. This paper solves these problems.MethodsWe propose a novel deep neural network called MS‐Net, which comprises two sequential modules: A feature derivation and initial diagnosis module (FDID), followed by a diagnosis refinement module (DR). Specifically, to take advantage of accumulated empirical features and discovered automatic features, the FDID model of MS‐Net first derives a range of perceptible features and provides two initial diagnoses for lung nodules; then, these results are fed to the subsequent DR module to refine the diagnoses further. In addition, to fully consider the individual and panel diagnosis opinions, we propose a new loss function called collaborative loss, which can collaboratively optimize the individual and her peers’ opinions to provide a more accurate diagnosis.ResultsWe evaluate the performance of the proposed MS‐Net on the Lung Image Database Consortium image collection (LIDC‐IDRI). It achieves 92.4% of accuracy, 92.9% of sensitivity, and 92.0% of specificity when panel labels are the ground truth, which is superior to other state‐of‐the‐art diagnosis models. As a byproduct, the MS‐Net can automatically derive a range of semantic features of lung nodules, increasing the interpretability of the final diagnoses.ConclusionsThe proposed MS‐Net can provide an automatic and accurate diagnosis of lung nodules, meeting the need for a reliable computer‐aided diagnosis system in clinical practice.
Design and stability analysis of a solar‐powered versatile patrol robot
Authors: Wang Yifan , Xue Yuming , Wang Zhiyong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn order to effectively solve the problem of energy autonomy of patrol robots in open‐air working environment and free them from the limitation of power lines on their activity range. In this article, a solar‐powered patrol robot based on a robot operating system is designed. The system adopts a modular design, using a master–slave distributed controller to control the robot's motion, and building an intelligent sensing system for the robot with various sensors. Meanwhile, flexible thin‐film solar cells and lithium batteries form a folded multi‐mode power supply system, which solves the problem of timely power supply. In addition, a simple and practical human–computer interaction interface is designed to facilitate viewing the robot's status. Finally, in order to verify the performance of the robot, the stability of the designed solar‐powered patrol robot is verified through different experiments, which has a reference value and practical significance for the development of patrol robots.
Neuromorphic Carbon for Fast and Durable Potassium Storage
Authors: Shen Mengkang , Ding Hongbo , Fan Ling , Rao Apparao M. , Zhou Jiang , Lu Bingan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGraphitic carbon materials (GCs) are attractive as anodes for the industrialization of potassium ion batteries (PIBs). However, the poor cycle and rate performance of GC‐based anodes hinder the development of PIBs. In this study, inspired by the nervous system, neuromorphic GCs (NGCs) are designed to use as potassium anodes with high cycling stability and excellent rate performance. The inherent neuromorphic nature of NGCs enables fast signal transmission via multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), which serve as efficient pathways for electronic transmission. Meanwhile, the low‐stress properties of hollow carbon spheres effectively support the cycling stability of PIBs. As a result, NGC‐based potassium anodes achieved an unprecedented cycle life over 18 months (2400 cycles) with a reversible capacity of up to 225 mAh g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1. Moreover, the novel anode exhibits exceptional rate performance (73.6 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1). The research presented here offers a practical and straightforward method for potassium's long‐term and high‐rate storage and beyond.
A Novel Pd Precursor Loaded γ‐Al2O3 with Excellent Adsorbent Performance for Ultra‐Deep Adsorptive Desulfurization of Benzene
Authors: Xie Jiyang , Ng Kelvin , Dai Yunsheng , Jiang Jinke , Yu Juan , Gao Anli , Wang Hongqin , Huang Xinyu , Liu Weiping , Guo Shuailong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFabricating highly water‐soluble and chlorine‐free precursors from Pd complexes remains challenging. Here, a novel Pd precursor (ammonium dinitrooxalato palladium(II) ((NH4)2[Pd(NO2)2(C2O4)]·2H2O)) is synthesized to address this challenge. Additionally, a Pd/Al2O3 adsorbent is prepared using γ‐Al2O3 as a base material to host Pd. The ligand action of the Pd complex forms single Pd atoms and Pd sub‐nano clusters on the surface of γ‐Al2O3. Pd/Al2O3‐4 as an adsorbent is evaluated using the benzene ultra‐deep desulfurization procedure, wherein thiophene is used as a probe molecule. The sulfur adsorption capacity of Pd/Al2O3‐4 is 1.76 mg g−1 for the ultra‐deep adsorptive desulfurization of benzene at a sulfur concentration of 50 ppm. The sulfur adsorption capacity of the new Pd/Al2O3‐4 adsorbent is 21.8% higher than that of a commercial Pd/Al2O3 adsorbent. In addition, the stability and durability of Pd/Al2O3‐4 are investigated at a sulfur concentration of 1 ppm. The Pd/Al2O3‐4 adsorbent achieves ≈100% thiophene removal after 434 h, which is 62 h more than the time required by the commercial Pd/Al2O3 adsorbent. The novel Pd precursor shows excellent potential for industrial applications, and the Pd/Al2O3‐4 adsorbent can be produced on a mass scale of 500 kg per batch.
Microlenses Fabricated by Two‐Photon Laser Polymerization for Cell Imaging with Non‐Linear Excitation Microscopy
Authors: Marini M. , Nardini A. , Martínez Vázquez R. , Conci C. , Bouzin M. , Collini M. , Osellame R. , Cerullo G. , Kariman B. S. , Farsari M. , Kabouraki E. , Raimondi M. T. , Chirico G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNon‐linear excitation microscopy offers several advantages for in‐vivo imaging compared to conventional confocal techniques. However, tissue penetration can still be an issue due to scattering and spherical aberrations induced on focused beams by the tissue. The use of low numerical aperture objectives to pass through the outer layers of the skin, together with high dioptric power microlenses implanted in‐vivo close to the observation volume, can be beneficial to the reduction of optical aberrations. Here, Fibroblast cell culture plano‐convex microlenses to be used for non‐linear imaging of biological tissue are developed and tested. The microlenses can be used as single lenses or multiplexed in an array. A thorough test of the lenses wavefront is reported together with the modulation transfer function and wavefront profile. Magnified fluorescence images can be retrieved through the microlenses coupled to commercial confocal and two‐photon excitation scanning microscopes. The signal‐to‐noise ratio of the images is not substantially affected by the use of the microlenses and the magnification can be adjusted by changing the relative position of the microlens array to the microscope objective and the immersion medium. These results are opening the way to the application of implanted micro‐optics for optical in‐vivo inspection of biological processes.