bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to conceive the dignity of the dead? A dispositional account
Authors: Münch Nikolai , Müller-Salo Johannes , Schwarz Clara-Sophie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn dealing with human corpses, notions of dignity play a decisive role, especially within legal texts that regulate a corpse’s handling. However, it is quite unclear how the claim “Treat human corpses with dignity!” should be understood and justified. Drawing upon examples and problems from forensic medicine, this paper explores three possible lines of interpreting such demands: (a) positions that closely link the dignity of the human corpse to the dignity of the former living persons and (b) accounts that derive the dignity of the dead from consequentialist considerations. We argue that both lines heavily rely on contestable metaphysical claims and therefore propose an alternative account for the dignity of the dead. Our proposal (c) focuses on action-guiding attitudes and the symbolic value of the dead. Such a conception allows for a variety of morally appropriate groundings of individual attitudes. It avoids metaphysically troublesome premises and, at the same time, allows to classify certain actions and manners of acting as clearly inappropriate and blameworthy.
Brainstem–cortex disconnection in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: bulbar impairment, genotype associations, asymptomatic changes and biomarker opportunities
Authors: Tahedl Marlene , Tan Ee Ling , Chipika Rangariroyashe H. , Hengeveld Jennifer C. , Vajda Alice , Doherty Mark A. , McLaughlin Russell L. , Siah We Fong , Hardiman Orla , Bede Peter 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Bulbar dysfunction is a cardinal feature of ALS with important quality of life and management implications. The objective of this study is the longitudinal evaluation of a large panel imaging metrics pertaining to bulbar dysfunction, encompassing cortical measures, structural and functional cortico-medullary connectivity indices and brainstem metrics.

Methods
A standardised, multimodal imaging protocol was implemented with clinical and genetic profiling to systematically appraise the biomarker potential of specific metrics. A total of 198 patients with ALS and 108 healthy controls were included.

Results
Longitudinal analyses revealed progressive structural and functional disconnection between the motor cortex and the brainstem over time. Cortical thickness reduction was an early feature on cross-sectional analyses with limited further progression on longitudinal follow-up. Receiver operating characteristic analyses of the panel of MR metrics confirmed the discriminatory potential of bulbar imaging measures between patients and controls and area-under-the-curve values increased significantly on longitudinal follow-up. C9orf72 carriers exhibited lower brainstem volumes, lower cortico-medullary structural connectivity and faster cortical thinning. Sporadic patients without bulbar symptoms, already exhibit significant brainstem and cortico-medullary connectivity alterations.

Discussion
Our results indicate that ALS is associated with multi-level integrity change from cortex to brainstem. The demonstration of significant corticobulbar alterations in patients without bulbar symptoms confirms considerable presymptomatic disease burden in sporadic ALS. The systematic assessment of radiological measures in a single-centre academic study helps to appraise the diagnostic and monitoring utility of specific measures for future clinical and clinical trial applications.
Physics-informed deep learning for three-dimensional transient heat transfer analysis of functionally graded materials
Authors: Guo Hongwei , Zhuang Xiaoying , Fu Xiaolong , Zhu Yunzheng , Rabczuk Timon 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe present a physics-informed deep learning model for the transient heat transfer analysis of three-dimensional functionally graded materials (FGMs) employing a Runge–Kutta discrete time scheme. Firstly, the governing equation, associated boundary conditions and the initial condition for transient heat transfer analysis of FGMs with exponential material variations are presented. Then, the deep collocation method with the Runge–Kutta integration scheme for transient analysis is introduced. The prior physics that helps to generalize the physics-informed deep learning model is introduced by constraining the temperature variable with discrete time schemes and initial/boundary conditions. Further the fitted activation functions suitable for dynamic analysis are presented. Finally, we validate our approach through several numerical examples on FGMs with irregular shapes and a variety of boundary conditions. From numerical experiments, the predicted results with PIDL demonstrate well agreement with analytical solutions and other numerical methods in predicting of both temperature and flux distributions and can be adaptive to transient analysis of FGMs with different shapes, which can be the promising surrogate model in transient dynamic analysis.
Onset of pattern formation in thin ferromagnetic films with perpendicular anisotropy
Authors: Brietzke Birger , Knüpfer Hans 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe consider the onset of pattern formation in an ultrathin ferromagnetic film of the form$$\Omega _t:= \Omega \times [0,t]$$Ωt:=Ω×[0,t]for$$\Omega \Subset \mathbb {R}^2$$Ω⋐R2with preferred perpendicular magnetization direction. The relative micromagnetic energy is given by$$\begin{aligned} \mathcal {E}[M]= \int _{\Omega _t} d^2 |\nabla M|^2+ Q \int _{\Omega _t} (M_1^2+M_2^2) + \int _{\mathbb {R}^3} |\mathcal {H}(M)|^2 - \int _{\mathbb {R}^3} |\mathcal {H}(e_3 \chi _{\Omega _t})|^2, \end{aligned}$$E[M]=∫Ωtd2|∇M|2+Q∫Ωt(M12+M22)+∫R3|H(M)|2-∫R3|H(e3χΩt)|2,describing the energy difference for a given magnetization$$M: \mathbb {R}^3 \rightarrow \mathbb {R}^3$$M:R3→R3with$$|M| = \chi _{\Omega _t}$$|M|=χΩtand the uniform magnetization$$e_3 \chi _{\Omega _t}$$e3χΩt. For$$t \ll d$$t≪d, we derive the scaling of the minimal energy and a BV-bound in the critical regime, where the base area of the film has size of order$$|\Omega |^{{\frac{1}{2}}} \sim (Q-1)^{{-\frac{1}{2}}} d e^{\frac{2\pi d}{t} \sqrt{Q-1}}$$|Ω|12∼(Q-1)-12de2πdtQ-1. We furthermore investigate the onset of non-trivial pattern formation in the critical regime depending on the size of the rescaled film.
Cleansing efficacy of an oral irrigator with microburst technology in orthodontic patients—a randomized-controlled crossover study
Authors: Wiesmüller Vera , Kasslatter Manuel , Zengin Baran , Zotz Desiree , Offermanns Vincent , Steiner René , Crismani Adriano , Kapferer-Seebacher Ines 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Orthodontic patients struggle with interdental cleaning calling for simpler mechanical devices to reduce the high plaque levels. The present study aimed to compare the cleansing efficacy of an oral irrigator with that of dental flossing in patients with fixed braces after 4 weeks of home-use.

Materials and methods
The study design is a randomized and single-blinded cross-over study. After 28 days using the products at home, hygiene indices (Rustogi Modified Navy Plaque Index (RMNPI); gingival bleeding index (GBI)) were compared between test (oral irrigator) and control product (dental floss).

Results
Seventeen adult individuals finalized the study. After 28 days of cleaning with the oral irrigator, RMNPI was 54.96% (46.91–66.05) compared to 52.98% (42.75–65.60) with dental floss (p = 0.029). Subgroup analysis revealed that the higher cleansing efficacy of the dental floss is attributable to buccal and marginal areas. GBI after the test phase with the oral irrigator was 12.96% (7.14–24.31) and statistically significantly higher compared to 8.33% (5.84–15.33) with dental floss (p = 0.030) which could be seen in all subgroups.

Conclusions
Oral irrigators do not remove plaque and reduce gingival bleeding as efficiently as dental floss in easily accessible regions. However, in posterior regions, where the patients struggled with the application of dental floss, the oral irrigator showed similar results.

Clinical relevance
Oral irrigators should only be recommended to orthodontic patients who cannot use interdental brushes and are not compliant with dental flossing.
Disentangling Critical Questions from Argument Schemes
Authors: Hernández Alfonso 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCritical questions have been understood in the framework of argument schemes from their conception. This understanding has influenced the process of evaluating arguments and the development of classifications. This paper argues that relating these two notions is detrimental to research on argument schemes and critical questions, and that it is possible to have critical questions without relying on argument schemes. Two objections are raised against the classical understanding of critical questions based on theoretical and analytical grounds. The theoretical objection presents the assumptions that are embedded in the idea of argument schemes delivering questions to evaluate arguments. The analytical objection, on the other hand, exposes the shortcomings of the theory when critical questions are used to evaluate real-life argumentation. After presenting these criticisms, a new theory of critical questions is sketched. This theory takes into account the dynamics of dialectical discussions to describe the function of critical questions and their implications for evaluating arguments.
The black box problem revisited. Real and imaginary challenges for automated legal decision making
Authors: Brożek Bartosz , Furman Michał , Jakubiec Marek , Kucharzyk Bartłomiej 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper addresses the black-box problem in artificial intelligence (AI), and the related problem of explainability of AI in the legal context. We argue, first, that the black box problem is, in fact, a superficial one as it results from an overlap of four different – albeit interconnected – issues: the opacity problem, the strangeness problem, the unpredictability problem, and the justification problem. Thus, we propose a framework for discussing both the black box problem and the explainability of AI. We argue further that contrary to often defended claims the opacity issue is not a genuine problem. We also dismiss the justification problem. Further, we describe the tensions involved in the strangeness and unpredictability problems and suggest some ways to alleviate them.
Conservation benefit-sharing mechanisms and their effectiveness in the Greater Serengeti Ecosystem: local communities’ perspectives
Authors: Kegamba Juma J. , Sangha Kamaljit K. , Wurm Penelope A.S. , Garnett Stephen T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBenefit-sharing mechanisms have been instrumental in securing the support of local communities living on the edge of protected areas to implement protected area goals and enhance biodiversity conservation outcomes. Understanding the acceptability of the types of benefit provided among diverse communities is crucial for co-designing benefit-sharing approaches that accommodate local perspectives. Here, we used quasi-structured questionnaires and focus group discussions (FGD) to assess the acceptance of the types of benefit received by the communities in the Greater Serengeti Ecosystem (GSE) in Tanzania and the effectiveness of the benefits in securing community support for conservation reserves. We found that the categories of social service provision, livelihood support, and employment described all the benefits provided across conservation institutions operating in the GSE. However, the types of benefit within these categories varied significantly among conservation institutions, in terms of level and frequency of benefits received by communities. Overall, student scholarships were highly rated by respondents as the most satisfying benefit received. Respondents who were dissatisfied with the benefits received thought that the benefits did not compensate for the high costs arising from wildlife incursions onto their land. Communities’ acceptance of the benefits received varied greatly among villages, but only a small proportion of pooled respondents (22%) were willing to support the existence of a protected area without benefit. This study suggests that local people are willing to support conservation outcomes but require conservation institutions to give greater consideration to the costs incurred by communities, their livelihood needs, and access to natural resources or other benefits. We recommend that benefit-sharing be tailored to the local circumstances and cultures of people living close to protected areas, particularly communities expressing more negative views, to ensure adequate and appropriate compensation is provided.
Academic cheating as planned behavior: the effects of perceived behavioral control and individualism-collectivism orientations
Authors: Zhang Yinxia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo inform interventions against academic cheating among college students, the study tests the moderating role of the construct of perceived behavioral control as originally proposed yet seldom tested in the Theory of Planned Behavior, and further tests the cultural boundary conditions for this moderating role with a focus on the four horizontal-vertical individualism-collectivism orientations. Using multicampus survey data collected from 2293 Chinese undergraduate students, the moderation analyses suggest a significant and negative joint effect of perceived behavioral control with the construct of subjective norm and a positive yet insignificant joint effect with the construct of attitude towards cheating. Further moderated moderation analyses identify a pattern from comparing the four significant three-way interactions: the positive effects of attitude towards cheating and subjective norm on academic cheating are stronger under the conditions of a combination of low subjective norm with low horizontal individualism and horizontal collectivism, respectively. The study contributes to a nuanced understanding of the utility of Theory of Planned Behavior in predicting academic cheating and supports a multivariable intervention approach that closely integrates administrative measures with students’ attitudinal and normative beliefs with a concern for the subtle yet significant influences of cultural orientations.
Data Sensitivity and Domain Specificity in Reuse of Machine Learning Applications
Authors: Rutschi Corinna , Berente Nicholas , Nwanganga Frederick 
Published: April 2023

AbstractData sensitivity and domain specificity challenges arise in reuse of machine learning applications. We identify four types of machine learning applications based on different reuse strategies: generic, distinctive, selective, and exclusive. We conclude with lessons for developing and deploying machine learning applications.
Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Inpatient Adolescent Psychiatric Population
Authors: Kriegel Graciela , Paul Sayani , Leonard Kate H. , Sandor Paul 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has increased in recent decades, much of which is related to changes in diagnostic criteria, and greater awareness among professionals and parents. Using a prospective cross-sectional study design, this study explores the prevalence of ASD among 173 adolescents admitted to two psychiatric facilities in Canada, and its association with some early pre and perinatal risk factors. The overall prevalence of ASD in the psychiatric population was 11.56% compared to 1.52% in children and youth in Canada. While prenatal and perinatal factors were not significantly associated with ASD, we found a frequent association of ASD with different comorbid psychiatric conditions. These findings further our knowledge in planning and management of ASD among this population.
Effect of CuO doping on structural features, optical absorption and photoluminescence behavior of ZnO-based glasses
Authors: Ibrahim S. , Hamdy Y. M. , Darwish H. , Ali A. A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGlasses composed of ZnO–SiO2–B2O3–In2O3 with the addition of different content of CuO were prepared by a popular melt–quenching methodology. The effect of the addition of copper oxide in the glass network was investigated using density, FTIR spectroscopy, optical absorption, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. By increasing the concentration of CuO, a decrease in the density is observed, indicating structural changes in the glass network. The structural building units of glasses are $${\mathrm{BO}}_{3}$$

BO
3

,$${\mathrm{BO}}_{4}$$

BO
4

, and $${\mathrm{ZnO}}_{4}$$

ZnO
4

according to the FTIR spectra. The absorption spectra of these glasses reveal a distinct broad band at 744 nm due to 2$${\mathrm{B}}_{1\mathrm{g}}$$

B

1
g

→ 2$${\mathrm{B}}_{2\mathrm{g}}$$

B

2
g

characteristic transition of cupric ion in the distorted octahedral sites. The optical band gap energies ($${E}_{\mathrm{g}}$$

E
g

) and refractive indices of the studied glasses were also evaluated using the ASF, DASF, and Tauc techniques which revealed that (Eg) values are in gradual decrease with a rise content of CuO. The photoluminescence analysis including emission and CIE chromaticity of the prepared samples were carried out. The emission spectra supported divalent state of copper ions in a distorted octahedral geometry of the glass network upon UV excitation at 270 nm. These results may suggest the material of glass as a potential candidate in the photonics applications.
Borosilicate sol–gel bioactive glasses and the effect of borate content on structure-property relationships
Authors: Ishihara Daisuke , Maçon Anthony L. B. , Norris Elizabeth , Jones Julian R. , Obata Akiko , Kasuga Toshihiro 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBorate-doped silicate glasses with chemical compositions of (70 − x)SiO2–xB2O3–30CaO (x = 0, 5, 15, and 25, in mol%) were synthesized using the sol–gel method, intended to be used in tissue regeneration. The effects of borate content on the glass surface morphology, chemical structure, ion dissolution behavior, and fibroblast compatibility were investigated. 11B magic angle spinning-solid state nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectra demonstrated that borate, in the glasses, possessed both three- and four-coordinated structures. From nitrogen sorption, the specific surface area of the glasses decreased with increased borate content and calcination temperature, from 600 °C to 700 °C. In the case of glasses undergoing calcination at 700 °C, silicate and calcium ion released in a Tris–HCl buffer solution (pH = 7.4) at the early stage of the immersion test decreased as borate content increased. The decrease in surface area caused by stabilizing at 700 °C due to the effect of increasing borate concentration controlled the ion dissolution behavior of the glasses. The proliferation ability of fibroblasts cultured with the dissolution products of the glasses were improved as borate content increased in the glass composition.
Graphical Abstract
Limits of Optimization
Authors: Carissimo Cesare , Korecki Marcin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOptimization is about finding the best available object with respect to an objective function. Mathematics and quantitative sciences have been highly successful in formulating problems as optimization problems, and constructing clever processes that find optimal objects from sets of objects. As computers have become readily available to most people, optimization and optimized processes play a very broad role in societies. It is not obvious, however, that the optimization processes that work for mathematics and abstract objects should be readily applied to complex and open social systems. In this paper we set forth a framework to understand when optimization is limited, particularly for complex and open social systems.
Can we pull resilience from the rubble? experiencing earthquakes in Mexico City
Authors: Alcántara-Ayala Irasema , Lucatello Simone , Rodríguez-Velázquez Daniel 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper serves as an introduction to focus on the meaning of resilience as a notion that hypothetically enables cities and their citizens to remain unaffected by shocks and stresses of diverse nature, but in practice, is a parsimonious representation of a highly complex human endogenous condition that is often not adequately understood and addressed due to weak or weathered disaster risk governance. Through an empirical analysis, the relevance of the occurrence of disasters such as the one produced by the Mexico City earthquake of September 19, 2017, and its relationship to the meaning of urban resilience is addressed. Since the 100 Resilient Cities program launch in 2013, several cities, including Mexico City, have adopted diverse strategies to build and become more resilient to physical, social, and economic shocks and stresses. Nonetheless, the degree of success of such strategies expressed in everyday life within the cities, regardless of what the official documents report, reveals highly heterogeneous results. In the case of Mexico City, it is evident that the appropriate strategy for attaining the desired outcome of becoming a Resilient City has not been successful. Despite setting the goal of advancing disaster risk reduction through urban and regional planning, the impact of the earthquake of September 19, 2017, proved otherwise.
Dynamic analysis of a soft capsule robot self-propelling in the small intestine via finite element method
Authors: Tian Jiyuan , Afebu Kenneth Omokhagbo , Wang Zepeng , Liu Yang , Prasad Shyam 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo reduce potential trauma to the intestine caused by the rigid shell while also optimising its progression efficiency, an elastomer coating was applied to a self-propelled capsule robot for small-bowel endoscopy. The robot is self-propelled by its periodically excited inner mass interacting with the main body of the capsule in the presence of intestinal resistance. This work explored the dynamic responses of the capsule with different elastomer coatings (i.e., different elastic moduli and thicknesses) in the lumen of the small intestine through a three-dimensional finite element analysis. The driving parameters of the robot, including the amplitude, frequency and duty cycle of a square-wave excitation, were further tested to reveal the dynamics of this soft robot. By analysing numerical results, the proposed finite element model can provide quantitative predictions on the contact pressure, resistance force and robot-intestine dynamics under different elastomer coatings. It was found that the softer the elastomer coating is, the lesser the contact pressure between the robot and the intestine, thus implying lesser trauma. The findings of this work can provide design guidelines and an evaluation means for robotic engineers who are developing soft medical robots for bowel examinations as well as clinical practitioners working on capsule endoscopy.
The music demixing machine: toward real-time remixing of classical music
Authors: Cabañas-Molero Pablo , Muñoz-Montoro Antonio J. , Vera-Candeas Pedro , Ranilla José 
Published: April 2023

AbstractClassical music, unlike popular music, is usually recorded live with close microphone techniques. For this reason, isolated tracks are not available to create the final mixture/stream, and so the mixing process requires greater effort. Source separation methods are a potential solution to this problem. However, current algorithms are not fast enough to yield real-time separation in professional setups with dozens of microphones and sources. In this paper, we propose a fast approach consisting of a panning-based multichannel non-negative matrix factorization model to separate classical music. We tested the system on real professional recordings, where we were able to reach real-time with very low latency and promising quality.