bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for surgical site infection in patients with gastric cancer: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Muxin , Liang Hao , Chen Meiying , Wang Mingxin , Lin Lijun , Zhou Chunjiao , Wei Lin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSurgical Site Infection (SSI) is one of the common postoperative complications after gastric cancer surgery. Previous studies have explored the risk factors (such as age, diabetes, anaemia and ASA score) for SSI in patients with gastric cancer. However, there are large differences in the research results, and the correlation coefficients of different research results are quite different. We aim to investigate the risk factors of surgical site infection in patients with gastric cancer. We queried four English databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library) and four Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biological Medicine Database, Wanfang Database and Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP Database)) to identify published literature related to risk factors for surgical site infection in patients with gastric cancer. Rev Man 5.4 and Stata 15.0 were used in this meta‐analysis. A total of 15 articles (n = 6206) were included in this analysis. The following risk factors were found to be significantly associated with surgical site infection in gastric cancer: male (OR = 1.28, 95% CI [1.06, 1.55]), age >60 (OR = 2.75, 95% CI [1.65, 4.57]), smoking (OR = 1.99, 95% CI [1.46, 2.73]), diabetes (OR = 2.03, 95% CI [1.59, 2.61]), anaemia (OR = 4.72, 95% CI [1.66, 13.40]), preoperative obstruction (OR = 3.07, 95% CI [1.80, 5.23]), TNM ≥ III (OR = 2.05, 95% CI [1.56, 2.70]), hypoproteinemia (OR = 3.05, 95% CI [2.08, 4.49]), operation time ≥3 h (OR = 8.33, 95% CI [3.81, 18.20]), laparotomy (OR = 2.18, 95% CI [1.61, 2.94]) and blood transfusion (OR = 1.44, 95% CI [1.01, 2.06]). This meta‐analysis showed that male, age >60, smoking, diabetes, anaemia, preoperative obstruction, TNM ≥ III, hypoproteinemia, operation time ≥3 h, open surgery and blood transfusion were the risk factors for SSI in patients with gastric cancer.
Structural relaxation dynamics of a silicate glass probed by refractive index and ionic conductivity
Authors: Lancelotti Ricardo Felipe , Rodrigues Ana Candida Martins , Zanotto Edgar Dutra 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRelaxation occurs spontaneously in all glasses and is a fundamental step of important technological processes, such as annealing, crystal nucleation, and chemical strengthening by ion exchange. Despite extensive studies over the past decades, there are still conflicting results on whether the kinetics of structural relaxation depends on the analyzed property. Thus, in this study, we used a lithium disilicate glass as a model composition to determine the structural relaxation kinetics during physical aging experiments by measuring the time evolution of the refractive index and ionic conductivity down to 35 K below the initial fictive temperature. In all cases, variations in these properties were adequate to capture the structural changes throughout the aging experiments. At each temperature, the experimental relaxation data fit quite well with the classical stretched exponential relation. We also found that the relaxation process starts faster when probed by ionic conductivity than by refractive index; however, they show similar average relaxation times. These very small structural rearrangements are always the same, but ionic conductivity changes faster than refractive index at the beginning of the process. Our comprehensive results strongly indicate that relaxation dynamics is indeed dependent on the analyzed property.
Impact of baseline pool impedance on lesion metrics and steam pops in catheter ablation
Authors: Takigawa Masateru , Yamamoto Tasuku , Amemiya Miki , Martin Claire A. , Ikenouchi Takashi , Yamaguchi Junji , Negishi Miho , Goto Kentaro , Shigeta Takatoshi , Nishimura Takuro , Tao Susumu , Miyazaki Shinsuke , Goya Masahiko , Sasano Tetsuo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionLittle is known about the impact of blood‐pool local impedance (LI) on lesion characteristics and the incidence of steam pops.MethodsRadiofrequency applications at a range of powers (30, 40, and 50 W), contact forces (CF) (5, 15, and 25 g), and durations (15, 30, 45, and 120 s) using perpendicular/parallel catheter orientation were performed in 40 excised porcine preparations, using a catheter capable of monitoring LI (StablePoint©, Boston Scientific). To simulate the variability in blood‐pool impedance, the saline‐pool LI was modulated by calibrating saline concentrations. Lesion characteristics were compared under three values of saline‐pool LI: 120, 160, and 200 Ω.ResultsOf 648 lesions created, steam pops occurred in 175 (27.0%). When power, CF, time, and catheter orientation were adjusted, ablation at a saline‐pool impedance of 160 or 200 Ω more than doubled the risk of steam pops compared with a saline‐pool impedance of 120 Ω (Odds ratio = 2.31; p = .0002). Lesions in a saline‐pool impedance of 120 Ω were significantly larger in surface area (50 [38–62], 45 [34–56], and 41 [34–60] mm2 for 120, 160, and 200 Ω, p < .05), but shallower in depth (4.0 [3–5], 4.4 [3.2–5.3], and 4.5 [3.8–5.5] mmfor 120, 160, and 200 Ω, respectively, p < .05) compared with the other two settings. The correlation between the absolute LI‐drop and lesion size weakened as the saline‐pool LI became higher (e.g., 120 Ω group (r2 = .30, r2 = .18, and r2 = .16, respectively for 120, 160, and 200 Ω), but the usage of %LI‐drop (= absolute LI‐drop/initial LI) instead of absolute LI‐drop may minimize this effect.ConclusionsIn an experimental model, baseline saline‐pool impedance significantly affects the lesion metrics and the risk of steam pops.
Efficacy and durability of posterior wall isolation with ethanol infusion into the vein of Marshall
Authors: Ishimura Masayuki , Yamamoto Masashi , Himi Toshiharu , Kobayashi Yoshio 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionEthanol infusion into the vein of Marshall (EIVOM) is expected to be an adjunctive therapy for mitral isthmus (MI) ablation. Additionally, EIVOM can widely ablate the epicardium via the branches that extend to the left atrial posterior wall (LAPW) and facilitate LAPW isolation. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and durability of LAPW isolation with EIVOM.MethodsOur cohort consisted of 413 patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who underwent both LAPW and MI ablations. EIVOM was first attempted in 177 (35%) patients with adequate VOMs. The VOM was infused with 5 mL of ethanol with a double coaxial guiding catheter technique. Both ablations were performed only by radiofrequency ablation (the RF group) in the remaining 236 (57%) patients.ResultsEIVOM with 5 mL of ethanol was completely achieved in 106 patients (the EIVOM group). The application duration of LAPW isolation did not differ significantly between the two groups (718 ± 276 vs. 709 ± 288 s; p = .78). LAPW debulking ablation was required in 64/106 (60%) and 176/236 (75%) patients in the EIVOM and RF groups, respectively (p < .05). However, AF‐ or atrial tachycardia‐free survival analyses revealed no significant differences between the two groups (log‐rank p = .70). Among the cases of recurrence, 17 and 38 patients underwent subsequent ablation sessions; LAPW was reconnected in 9/17 (53%) and 25/38 (53%) patients (p = .36) in the EIVOM and RF groups, respectively.ConclusionEIVOM reduced the number of cases that required LAPW debulking ablation but did not improve the durability of LAPW isolation or clinical outcomes.
Type 1 interferon signature and cytotoxic T lymphocyte activation targeted against sweat ducts in inflammatory acquired idiopathic generalized anhidrosis
Authors: Sano K. , Asahina M. , Araki N. , Uehara T. , Iwaya M. , Okuyama R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAcquired idiopathic generalized anhidrosis (AIGA) leads to heat intolerance due to the loss or reduction in thermoregulatory sweating over an extensive area of the body. The pathomechanism of AIGA is still unclear but is believed to be autoimmune.ObjectivesWe investigated the clinical and pathological features of inflammatory AIGA (InfAIGA) and noninflammatory AIGA (non‐InfAIGA) within the skin.MethodsWe compared anhidrotic and normohidrotic skin samples from 30 patients with InfAIGA and non‐InfAIGA, as well as skin samples of melanocytic nevus as a negative control. We conducted morphometric analysis and immunohistochemical analysis of cell types and expression of inflammatory molecules (TIA1, CXCR3 and MxA). MxA expression was used as a proxy for type 1 interferon activity.ResultsWe found that tissue samples from patients with InfAIGA exhibited inflammation within the sweat duct and atrophy of the sweat coil, whereas patients with non‐InfAIGA exhibited only atrophy of the sweat coil. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte infiltration and MxA expression were only observed in the sweat ducts of patients with InfAIGA.ConclusionsInfAIGA is associated with increased sweat duct inflammation and sweat coil atrophy, whereas non‐InfAIGA is only associated with sweat coil atrophy. These data suggest that inflammation leads to epithelial destruction of sweat ducts associated with the sweat coil atrophy and subsequent loss of function. Non‐InfAIGA may be regarded as a postinflammatory state of InfAIGA. These observations indicate the contribution of both type 1 and type 2 interferons to sweat gland injury. The mechanism involved is similar to the pathomechanism of alopecia areata (AA).
Tainted Legacies and the Journal of Religious Ethics
Authors: Guth Karen V. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTThis essay reflects on the role academic journals like the JRE can play in facilitating and addressing tainted legacies. As an institution in religious ethics, the journal not only determines whose work is important, but it also replicates such judgments, passing certain sets of issues, concerns, and methods down from the past to the present, shaping future work. Journals highlight the systemic, structural elements of legacies that we often neglect in heated debate over how to respond to them. Consequently, they illuminate the complexity of the problems tainted legacies present. I first discuss three ways a journal like the JRE facilitates the structural features of tainted legacies in religious ethics. I then suggest how the JRE might implement a position I call the “reformer” in response to such legacies. This position emphasizes practices of moral repair designed to challenge the systemic injustices that underlay tainted legacies.
Effect and mechanism of fluctuant glucose on restraining implant osseointegration in diabetes
Authors: Song Dawei , Wang Chenchen , Liang Jin , Jia Tingting 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe objectives of the study was to discuss the effect and mechanism of fluctuant glucose (FG) on implant osseointegration in type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM).Materials and MethodsRats were divided into control, T2DM and FG group, and the implants were inserted into their femurs. Micro‐CT and histological analysis were used to evaluate the effect on osseointegration in vivo. And we investigated the effect of different conditions (normal, control, high glucose, and FG medium) on rat osteoblast in vitro. Then transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Western blot were used to evaluate the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) response. Finally, 4‐PBA, an inhibitor of ERS, was added into different conditions to observe the functions of osteoblast.ResultsIn vivo, Micro‐CT and histological analysis showed that the percentage of osseointegration in FG rats were lower than other two group. In vitro, the results demonstrated that the adhesion of the cells becomes worst, and osteogenic ability was also severely impaired in FG group. In addition, FG could induce more serious ERS and 4‐PBA could improve the dysfunction of osteoblasts induced by FG.ConclusionFluctuant glucose could restrain the implant osseointegration in T2DM, and the effect was more obvious than consistent high glucose by a possible mechanism of activation ERS pathway.
Tongue metastasis of malignant melanoma: A case report and a systemic review of the literature
Authors: Sääksjärvi Iiris , Degerholm Sara , Ahde Hanna , Salo Tuula , Mauramo Matti 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe incidence of malignant melanoma, with potential for tongue metastasis, is increasing. This study presents a case of tongue metastasis of cutaneous malignant melanoma, along with a comprehensive systematic review of the cases presented in English literature. The aim is to increase clinical and pathological knowledge of these challenging cases.Materials and MethodsThe literature search was carried out according to PRISMA guidelines by two independent researchers using four online databases: Medline, PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus.ResultsAltogether 24 cases of tongue metastasis of malignant melanoma were observed (mean age 54.9 years, range 27–86 years). The average time from the primary tumour to tongue metastasis was 4.5 years. The metastatic tumour was generally indolent or mildly symptomatic. The most prevalent clinical presentation was a submucosal, non‐ulcerated tumour mass, located in the tongue base or lateral surfaces. The prognosis at the time of tongue metastasis was generally poor, with a mean survival of 2.9 months.ConclusionConsidering the mild symptoms, varying age of the subjects and interval from the initial diagnosis, a comprehensive anamnesis and regular oral examination should be emphasized, and metastatic malignant melanoma considered in cases of lingual tumour.
Evaluation of salivary Thy‐1 in health, periodontitis, and obesity
Authors: Al‐Ameri Hawra’a Wisam , Shetty Sunaina , Rahman Betul , Gopalakrishnan Aghila Rani Koippallil , Ismail Asmaa Anwer , Acharya Anirudh B. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesThy‐1 (CD90) is a glycosylphosphatidyl‐anchored protein belonging to the immunoglobulin family and is known to control mesenchymal stromal cells differentiation into osteoblasts or adipocytes. The study aimed to investigate the salivary levels of Thy‐1 in health, periodontitis, obesity, and any potential association.Materials and MethodsSeventy‐one participants were divided into four groups: healthy (H), subjects with periodontitis (P), obese individuals (O), and obese individuals having periodontitis (PO). Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from participants who were evaluated for periodontal parameters. The levels of Thy‐1 were measured with a commercially available ELISA kit. The data were statistically analyzed.ResultsA significant difference in salivary Thy‐1 levels among different groups was observed. Periodontitis patients had the maximum, and obese individuals had the minimum Thy‐1 levels. Significant differences between H and P, H and PO, P and O, and O and PO were observed. Overall correlations between Thy‐1 and periodontal parameters and a positive correlation with pocket depth in group PO were noted.ConclusionThy‐1 could be detected in the saliva of all study participants. It is implied that a local inflammatory condition like periodontitis elevates the salivary levels of Thy‐1 with, and without obesity.
PEGGY PIGGOTT: WOMEN AND BRITISH ARCHAEOLOGY (1930–1945)
Authors: Pope Rachel , Davies Mairi H. 
Published: June 2023

SummaryThe 2021 film, The Dig, stimulated much interest in discovering more about Peggy Piggott, the archaeologist who first ‘struck gold’ at Sutton Hoo. Piggott was a leading British prehistorian, who produced over sixty published works for the field. Here we examine her early life and career, her training with the Curwens and the Wheelers, her marriage to Stuart Piggott, and her recognized expertise that led to her joining the Sutton Hoo team in 1939. During WWII, she established the modern standard for barrow excavation, and in 1944 was recognized by the Society of Antiquaries for her ‘devotion to the study of archaeology’. Piggott provides a lens through which we consider the careers of 1930s women archaeologists – those factors enabling access to archaeology (class, wartime opportunity) and factors that limited progress (lack of a degree, marriage).
Rational risk‐aversion: Good things come to those who weight
Authors: Bottomley Christopher , Williamson Timothy Luke 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNo existing normative decision theory adequately handles risk. Expected Utility Theory is overly restrictive in prohibiting a range of reasonable preferences. And theories designed to accommodate such preferences (for example, Buchak's (2013) Risk‐Weighted Expected Utility Theory) violate the Betweenness axiom, which requires that you are indifferent to randomizing over two options between which you are already indifferent. Betweenness has been overlooked by philosophers, and we argue that it is a compelling normative constraint. Furthermore, neither Expected nor Risk‐Weighted Expected Utility Theory allow for stakes‐sensitive risk‐attitudes—they require that risk matters in the same way whether you are gambling for loose change or millions of dollars. We provide a novel normative interpretation of Weighted‐Linear Utility Theory that solves all of these problems.
Evidence‐based policies: Lessons from regulatory science
Authors: Luján José Luis 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this article, various examples of controversies in regulatory science are analyzed concerning chemical and pharmaceutical products and functional foods. In these controversies, it is possible to show the relationship between epistemic policies and regulatory objectives (decision‐making objectives). From an analysis of this relationship, four points must be noted that can be extrapolated to current evidence‐based policy proposals: (1) The regulatory objectives determine the evidence hierarchies. (2) Evidence hierarchies determine the appropriate scientific methodology and, by extension, the scientific knowledge that will be generated. (3) The use of scientific knowledge in the formulation of public policies is an example of extrapolation, and such cases should be viewed as hypotheses whose testing requires evidence from different lines of research. (4) The suitability of a particular evidentiary hierarchy depends on what is at stake; that is, on an assessment of the gains and losses to which the policy or regulation based on such an evidentiary requirement may lead.Related ArticlesNunes Silva, Carlos. 2012. “Policy and Evidence in a Partisan Age: The Great Disconnect—By Paul Gary Wyckoff.” Politics & Policy 40(3): 541–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00363.x.Sinclair, Thomas A. P. 2006. “Previewing Policy Sciences: Multiple Lenses and Segmented Visions.” Politics & Policy 34(3): 481–504. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2006.00025.x.Smith‐Walter, Aaron, Holly L. Peterson, Michael D. Jones, and Ashley Nicole Reynolds Marshall. 2016. “Gun Stories: How Evidence Shapes Firearm Policy in the United States.” Politics & Policy 44(6): 1053–88. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12187.Lemire, Sebastian, Laura R. Peck and Allan Porowski. 2023. “The Evolution of Systematic Evidence Reviews: Past and Future Developments and Their Implications For Policy Analysis.” Politics & Policy 00(0): 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12532.
Material and nonmaterial impacts of theCOVID‐19 pandemic: Evidence from a low‐income country
Authors: Lohmann Rebecca , Hoffmann Lisa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHow have COVID‐19‐related restrictions affected consumption levels and life satisfaction in low‐income countries? We conducted phone surveys with 577 households in Liberia to compare consumption patterns across three points in time: November 2019 (pre‐COVID‐19), May 2020 (short term), and September 2020 (medium term). This article analyzes the impacts of the Covid‐19 pandemic and the related restrictions on food and nonfood consumption, which we categorize as “material” welfare and life satisfaction, which we categorize as “nonmaterial” welfare. We find differences between food and nonfood consumption patterns under pandemic conditions. In particular, consumption by households dependent on food and labor markets was negatively affected by the pandemic. In terms of life satisfaction, we find that most respondents perceived their lives to have worsened due to the pandemic.
Shifts in carbon partitioning by photosynthetic activity increase terpenoid synthesis in glandular trichomes
Authors: Saadat Nima P. , van Aalst Marvin , Brand Alejandro , Ebenhöh Oliver , Tissier Alain , Matuszyńska Anna B. 
Published: June 2023

SUMMARYSeveral commercially important secondary metabolites are produced and accumulated in high amounts by glandular trichomes, giving the prospect of using them as metabolic cell factories. Due to extremely high metabolic fluxes through glandular trichomes, previous research focused on how such flows are achieved. The question regarding their bioenergetics became even more interesting with the discovery of photosynthetic activity in some glandular trichomes. Despite recent advances, how primary metabolism contributes to the high metabolic fluxes in glandular trichomes is still not fully elucidated. Using computational methods and available multi‐omics data, we first developed a quantitative framework to investigate the possible role of photosynthetic energy supply in terpenoid production and next tested experimentally the simulation‐driven hypothesis. With this work, we provide the first reconstruction of specialised metabolism in Type‐VI photosynthetic glandular trichomes of Solanum lycopersicum. Our model predicted that increasing light intensities results in a shift of carbon partitioning from catabolic to anabolic reactions driven by the energy availability of the cell. Moreover, we show the benefit of shifting between isoprenoid pathways under different light regimes, leading to a production of different classes of terpenes. Our computational predictions were confirmed in vivo, demonstrating a significant increase in production of monoterpenoids while the sesquiterpenes remained unchanged under higher light intensities. The outcomes of this research provide quantitative measures to assess the beneficial role of chloroplast in glandular trichomes for enhanced production of secondary metabolites and can guide the design of new experiments that aim at modulating terpenoid production.
A new species of Homonota (Squamata: Phyllodactylidae) from the Uruguayan Savanna
Authors: Malleret Matías M. , Pisetta Nádia F. , Fagundes Nelson J. R. , Verrastro Laura V. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCryptic diversity is frequent among lizards from the Neotropical region. In particular, geckos belonging to the genus Homonota exhibit high levels of phenotypic and ecological conservatism. Homonota uruguayensis is endemic to rocky outcrops in the Uruguayan Savanna, and a previous study based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) revealed a highly divergent clade in an isolated population. In this study, we used a set of two mitochondrial (Cytb and 12S) and six autosomal (DMLX, MXRA, PRLR, SNCAIP, H19B and H30B) genetic markers to evaluate the taxonomic status of different populations of H. uruguayensis. We then used morphological data to further check the favoured coalescent model of species delimitation. A careful re‐evaluation of meristic and continuous morphological traits within the H. uruguayensis complex indicated that the new species can be morphologically distinguished. The species tree confirmed the deep divergence times associated with the new species previously reported for mtDNA and indicated congruence among independent gene trees. Overall, the results clearly support the recognition of a new species, based on deep genetic divergence and morphological differentiation. While the full geographic range of the new species has not been thoroughly characterized, the localized endemism in a patch of rocky outcrops surrounded by intense silviculture activity strongly suggest that the new species should be considered to be under some degree of threat.