bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applicability of the Global Lung Function Initiative prediction equations in Hong Kong Chinese children
Authors: Chan Kate C. , Zhu Huichen , Yu Michelle , Yuen Hoi‐Man , Dai Siyu , Chin Hui‐Yen , Choy Jonathan , Chan Jeffrey , Tsoi Dana , Siu Brian , Au Chun T. , Li Albert M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the applicability of the Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) prediction equations for spirometry in Hong Kong children and to develop prediction equations based on the Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale, and Shape (GAMLSS) modeling.MethodsHealthy Chinese children and adolescents aged 6–17 years old were recruited from randomly selected schools to undergo spirometry. The measurements were transformed to z‐score according to the GLI‐2012 equations for South East (SE) Asians and the GLI‐2022 global race‐neutral equations. Prediction equations for spirometric indices were developed with GAMLSS modeling to identify predictors.ResultsA total of 886 children (477 boys) with a mean age of 12.5 years (standard deviation [SD] 3.3 years) were included. By the GLI‐2012 SE Asian equations, positive mean z‐scores were observed in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) (boys: 0.138 ± SD 0.828; girls: 0.206 ± 0.823) and forced vital capacity (FVC) (boys: 0.160 ± 0.930; girls: 0.310 ± 0.895) in both sexes. Negative mean z‐scores were observed in FEV1/FVC ratio (boys: −0.018 ± 0.998; girls: −0.223 ± 0.897). In contrast, negative mean z‐scores in FEV1 and FVC, and positive mean z‐scores in FEV1/FVC were observed when adopting the GLI‐2022 race‐neutral equations. The mean z‐scores were all within the range of ±0.5. By GAMLSS models, age and height were significant predictors for all four spirometric indices, while weight was an additional predictor for FVC and FEV1.ConclusionOur study provided data supporting the applicability of the GLI prediction equations in Hong Kong Chinese children. The GLI‐2012 equations may underestimate FEV1 and FVC, while the GLI‐2022 equations may overestimate the parameters, but the differences lie within the physiological limits. By GAMLSS modeling, weight was an additional predictor for FVC and FEV1.
Overview of the research gaps in the rainfall simulator study
Authors: Lazarus Robberta Renuka , Wan Jaafar Wan Zurina , Alengaram U. Johnson , Hin Lai Sai 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUrban flooding, soil erosion, and water pollution are common issues nowadays. The hydrological cycle is being disrupted due to improper planning of development that necessitates extensive studies conducted globally to study ways to address these issues. Significant and accurate data are required to rectify and amend the current situation. Rainfall simulators (RSs) are widely applied in research as they replicate the natural rainfall under controlled conditions and are repeatable. However, based on the published research, it is found that there are significant gaps. The RS has no standardization to cater different environmental conditions, yet vital rainfall characteristics and aspects have to be carried out wisely for better accuracy and data analysis. This review article discusses the gaps and parameters required in RS experiments.
Tailoring the Growth and Morphology of Lithium Peroxide: Nickel Sulfide/Nickel Phosphate Nanotubes with Optimized Electronic Structure for Lithium–Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Li Se‐Si , Liu Yu‐Si , Wu Xue‐Yan , Wang Kai‐Xue , Chen Jie‐Sheng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHeterogeneous crystalline‐amorphous structures, with tunable electronic structures and morphology, hold immense promise as catalysts for lithium‐oxygen batteries (LOBs). Herein, a nanotube network constructed by crystalline nickel sulfide/amorphous nickel phosphate (NiS/NiPO) heterostructure is prepared on Ni foam through the sulfurization of the precursor generated hydrothermally. Used as cathodes, the NiS/NiPO nanotubes with optimized electronic structure can induce the deposition of the highly porous and interconnected structure of Li2O2 with rich Li2O2–electrolyte interfaces. Abundant active sites can be created on NiS/NiPO through the charge redistribution for the uniform nucleation and growth of Li2O2. Moreover, nanotube networks endow cathodes with efficient transport channels and sufficient space for the accommodation of Li2O2. A high discharge capacity of 27 003.6 mAh g−1 and a low charge overpotential of 0.58 V at 1000 mAh g−1 can be achieved at 200 mA g−1. This work provides valuable insight into the unique role of the electronic structure and morphology of catalysts in the formation mechanisms of Li2O2 and the performances of LOBs.
Erosion modelling on reconstructed rough surfaces of wind turbine blades
Authors: Tempelis Antonios , Mishnaevsky Jr. Leon 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNumerical simulations of rain droplet impacts on real rough surfaces of leading edges of wind turbine blades are presented. The effect of rough blade surface conditions during liquid impacts on the stress distribution in the protective coating is studied. Realistic rough surfaces of wind turbine blades, obtained from 3D reconstruction of real blades with photogrammetry, as well as artificially generated rough surfaces were introduced into finite element models of the droplet/blade coating interaction. Stress distributions in the protective coating with rough and flat surfaces were studied and compared. The results of the simulations suggest that roughness on the surface of the blade leads to increased stresses in the protective coating.
Impact of bioconvection on Darcy‐Forchheimer flow of MHD Carreau fluid with Arrhenius activation energy
Authors: Rehman M. Israr Ur , Chen Haibo , Hamid Aamir 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis research examines the bioconvection impact on mixed convective Carreau fluid flowing toward permeable stretched surface with joule heating and Darcy‐Forchheimer effect. The evaluation has been attained in the presence of convective conditions, Joule heating, thermal radiative, mixed convective and motile microorganisms, which have not been dreamed before. Flow in permeable medium is characterized by utilizing Darcy‐Forchheimer model. Appropriate similarity factors are utilized to obtain the ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The derived mathematical formulation is now numerically solved with the help of R‐K 4th order scheme based on shooting approach. The results of the motile microorganism number, velocity, Sherwood number, temperature, motile density number, drag coefficient, concentration, and local Nusselt number are revealed graphically. The effect of bioconvection Lewis number on the motile microorganisms and motile density profile are quite inverse. Further, higher values of Schmidt number decrease the concentration field.
On Extended Reality Objective Performance Metrics for Neurosurgical Training
Authors: Iop Alessandro , Viberg Olga , Elmi-Terander Adrian , Edström Erik , Romero Mario 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe adoption of Extended Reality (XR) technologies for supporting learning processes is an increasingly popular research topic for a wide variety of domains, including medical education. Currently, within this community, the metrics applied to quantify the potential impact these technologies have on procedural knowledge acquisition are inconsistent. This paper proposes a practical definition of standard metrics for the learning goals in the application of XR to surgical training. Their value in the context of previous research in neurosurgical training is also discussed. Objective metrics of performance include: spatial accuracy and precision, time-to-task completion, number of attempts. The objective definition of what the learner’s aims are enables the creation of comparable XR systems that track progress during training. The first impact is to provide a community-wide metric of progress that allows for consistent measurements. Furthermore, a measurable target opens the possibility for automated performance assessments with constructive feedback.
Implementing a Desktop VR Tool in a European University: Priorities and Challenges
Authors: Holubinka Kateryna , Urlings Corrie , Stoyanov Slavi , del Pilar Sosa-Fernández Rocío , Méndez-Fernández Roi , Castelló-Mayo Enrique , Klemke Roland , de Groot Renate 
Published: August 2023

AbstractVirtual reality technologies in educational settings have demonstrated their potential to improve understanding, engagement, motivation and learning outcomes. However, there are multiple technical, pedagogical, and institutional challenges on the way of technology adoption in the education sector. In this group-concept-mapping study within the CloudClass project we aim at identifying the requirements for implementing a desktop VR tool (CloudClass) for education in the university context. Teachers, multimedia experts and managers from a Spanish and a Dutch university (a face-to-face and a distance learning one) were asked to complete the focus prompt “To use/implement CloudClass in education it is required/ needed that.…”. The generated statements were classified thematically and rated for importance and feasibility. 95 unique statements were generated and sorted statistically into 5 clusters: Evaluation, Institutional Requirements, Maintenance and Training, Student Requirements, Affordances and infrastructure. A strong correlation was identified between the importance and feasibility of the identified clusters. To ensure a sustainable implementation of a desktop VR tool like CloudClass in a university setting a holistic approach considering all identified clusters is needed. Clusters Maintenance and Training and Institutional requirements are the low-hanging fruits to invest in, as both clusters scored highest on importance and feasibility.
Das politische System und Gesetzgebungsprozesse in der (halb-)direkten, föderalen Demokratie
Authors: Kehl Konstantin 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungDas Kapitel thematisiert, wie ausgebaute Volksrechte in der (halb-)direkten Demokratie und konsequente Subsidiarität im Föderalismus ein konsensdemokratisches Institutionengefüge begründen, das weltweit seinesgleichen sucht. Der dreiteilige Staatsaufbau der Schweiz wird vor diesem Hintergrund ebenso beleuchtet wie die vier idealtypischen Phasen des Gesetzgebungsprozesses. Beispielhaft vertiefen wir die Pflegeinitiative, mit der 2021 erstmals eine Volksinitiative aus Kreisen der Gewerkschaften und Berufsverbände schweizweit eine Mehrheit bekam.
Corner Structure of Four-Dimensional General Relativity in the Coframe Formalism
Authors: Canepa Giovanni , Cattaneo Alberto S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis note describes a local Poisson structure (up to homotopy) associated with corners in four-dimensional gravity in the coframe (Palatini–Cartan) formalism. This is achieved through the use of the BFV formalism. The corner structure contains in particular an Atiyah algebroid that couples the internal symmetries to diffeomorphisms. The relation with BF theory is also described.
Long-Term Effect of Mechanical Thrombectomy in Stroke Patients According to Advanced Imaging Characteristics.
Authors: Beyeler Morin , Pohle Fabienne , Weber Loris , Mueller Madlaine , Kurmann Christoph C. , Mujanovic Adnan , Clénin Leander , Piechowiak Eike Immo , Meinel Thomas Raphael , Bücke Philipp , Jung Simon , Seiffge David , Pilgram-Pastor Sara M. , Dobrocky Tomas , Arnold Marcel , Gralla Jan , Fischer Urs , Mordasini Pasquale , Kaesmacher Johannes 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Data on long-term effect of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in patients with large ischemic cores (≥ 70 ml) are scarce. Our study aimed to assess the long-term outcomes in MT-patients according to baseline advanced imaging parameters.

Methods
We performed a single-centre retrospective cohort study of stroke patients receiving MT between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2018. We assessed baseline imaging to determine core and mismatch volumes and hypoperfusion intensity ratio (with low ratio reflecting good collateral status) using RAPID automated post-processing software. Main outcomes were cross-sectional long-term mortality, functional outcome and quality of life by May 2020. Analysis were stratified by the final reperfusion status.

Results
In total 519 patients were included of whom 288 (55.5%) have deceased at follow-up (median follow-up time 28 months, interquartile range 1–55). Successful reperfusion was associated with lower long-term mortality in patients with ischemic core volumes ≥ 70 ml (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.20; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.10–0.44) and ≥ 100 ml (aHR 0.26; 95% CI 0.08–0.87). The effect of successful reperfusion on long-term mortality was significant only in the presence of relevant mismatch (aHR 0.17; 95% CI 0.01–0.44). Increasing reperfusion grade was associated with a higher rate of favorable outcomes (mRS 0–3) also in patients with ischemic core volume ≥ 70 ml (aOR 3.58, 95% CI 1.64–7.83).

Conclusion
Our study demonstrated a sustainable benefit of better reperfusion status in patients with large ischemic core volumes. Our results suggest that patient deselection based on large ischemic cores alone is not advisable.
Current situation in radiation oncology residency—Results of a national survey performed by the working group Young DEGRO of the German Society of Radiation Oncology
Authors: Fleischmann Daniel F. , Büttner Marcel , Oertel Michael , Waltenberger Maria , Süß Christoph , Ziegler Sonia , Käsmann Lukas , Jazmati Danny , Schröder Annemarie , Mäurer Matthias , Linde Philipp 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to assess the current status of the radiation oncology (RO) residency programs in Germany. For this, RO residents and RO specialists were surveyed regarding the current situation of the RO residency training and the working conditions in Germany.

Methods
The Continuing Education Section of the Young DEGRO (yDEGRO) Working Group of the German Society of Radiation Oncology (DEGRO) developed a survey to assess (1) the overall satisfaction, learning objectives, and teaching methods used during training; and (2) the perception of the importance of specific disease patterns in RO training. Open-ended questions were also asked to elicit opinions on areas for improvement. From 21 November to 27 December 2022, RO residents registered with DEGRO and/or in the working group yDEGRO were invited to participate anonymously in an online questionnaire.

Results
Overall, 97 participants completed the survey, including 65 RO residents (67%) and 32 RO specialists (33%); 66 (68%) of the respondents reported being employed in the university setting, 23 (23.7%) in the non-university setting, and 8 (8.3%) in private practice. Within the training, heterogeneity was found in the teaching methods used. In terms of knowledge transfer, the greatest importance was accorded to annual continuing education discussions with the head of the residency training (92.8%), participation in tumor boards (85.6%), written training concepts (81.4%), and evaluations at the beginning (76.3%) and end of a rotation (80.4%). The arithmetic mean of satisfaction with specialist training was 6/10 points (SD: 1.99); 88.7% of respondents would like to see a nationally uniform and mandatory curriculum in RO residency training.

Conclusion
The study provides suggestions for improving RO medical training in Germany: further development of accompanying education and training programs in cooperation with professional associations, e.g., the DEGRO, structured feedback, and supervision.
Investigating biochemical and structural changes of glycated collagen using multimodal multiphoton imaging, Raman spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy
Authors: Quansah Elsie , Shaik Tanveer Ahmed , Çevik Ecehan , Wang Xinyue , Höppener Christiane , Meyer-Zedler Tobias , Deckert Volker , Schmitt Michael , Popp Jürgen , Krafft Christoph 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAdvanced glycation end products (AGEs) form extracellular crosslinking with collagenous proteins, which contributes to the development of diabetic complications. In this study, AGEs-related pentosidine (PENT) crosslinks-induced structural and biochemical changes are studied using multimodal multiphoton imaging, Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Decellularized equine pericardium (EP) was glycated with four ribose concentrations ranging between 5 and 200 mM and monitored for up to 30 days. Two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopic imaging probed elastin and collagen fibers, respectively. The glycated EP showed a decrease in the SHG intensities associated with loss of non-centrosymmetry of collagen and an increase of TPEF intensities associated with PENT crosslinks upon glycation. TPEF signals from elastin fibers were unaffected. A three-dimensional reconstruction with SHG + TPEF z-stack images visualized the distribution of collagen and elastin within the EP volume matrix. In addition, Raman spectroscopy (RS) detected changes in collagen-related bands and discriminated glycated from untreated EP. Furthermore, AFM scans showed that the roughness increases and the D-unit structure of fibers remained unchanged during glycation. The PENT crosslinked-induced changes are discussed in the context of previous studies of glutaraldehyde- and genipin-induced crosslinking and collagenase-induced digestion of collagen. We conclude that TPEF, SHG, RS, and AFM are effective, label-free, and non-destructive methods to investigate glycated tissues, differentiate crosslinking processes, and characterize general collagen-associated and disease-related changes, in particular by their RS fingerprints.
First experience with Walrus balloon guide catheter in a whole-body flow model
Authors: Guerreiro Helena , Flottmann Fabian A , Kyselyova Anna A. , Wagner Maximilian , Brekenfeld Caspar , Eckert Bernd , Illies Till , Wodarg Fritz , Fiehler Jens , Bester Maxim 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Flow arrest using a balloon guide catheter (BGC) in mechanical thrombectomy (MT) due to large vessel occlusion has been associated with better outcomes. Known limitations of currently commercially available BGCs are incompatibility with large bore aspiration catheters (AC) and lack of distal flexibility. Walrus presents variable stiffness and compatibility with large bore AC. The goal of this study is to describe the first experience with Walrus in a realistic stroke simulation model.

Methods
A full-length modular vascular model under physiological conditions was used. 8F+-Walrus inner-diameter (ID) 0.087in 95 cm combined with 6F-Sofia AC ID 0.070in 131 cm and an 8F-Flowgate2 BGC ID 0.084in 95 cm with a 5F-Sofia AC ID 0.055in 125 cm were used to perform aspiration MT. User surveys, access to target and occlusion site, technique, time of delivery, anatomical change, and catheter kick-back were assessed.

Results
Seven neuroradiologists with average of 10 years-experience in MT performed primary aspiration using the above-mentioned combinations in three different anatomies (N = 41). All operators would likely (29%) or very likely (71%) use again Walrus in combination with large bore AC and the majority (86%) found its navigability easier than with other BGCs. Time to reach final BGC position and catheter kick-back did not differ significantly among anatomies or catheter combinations (p > 0.05). However, Walrus was more likely to reach ICA petrous segment (p < 0.05) and intracranial occlusion with AC (p < 0.01).

Conclusion
The Walrus combined with large bore AC presented significantly better distal access and navigability for primary aspiration in an in vitro stroke model.
Mammalian Nudt15 hydrolytic and binding activity on methylated guanosine mononucleotides
Authors: Lukaszewicz Maciej , Ferenc-Mrozek Aleksandra , Kokosza Julia , Stefaniuk Anna , Stepinski Janusz , Bojarska Elzbieta , Darzynkiewicz Edward 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Nudt15 enzyme of the NUDIX protein family is the subject of extensive study due to its action on thiopurine drugs used in the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases. In addition to thiopurines, Nudt15 is enzymatically active in vitro on several nucleotide substrates. It has also been suggested that this enzyme may play a role in 5′RNA turnover by hydrolyzing m7GDP, a product of mRNA decapping. However, no detailed studies on this substrate with Nudt15 are available. Here, we analyzed the enzymatic activity of Nudt15 with m7GDP, its triphosphate form m7GTP, and the trimethylated counterparts (m32,2,7GDP and m32,2,7GTP). Kinetic data revealed a moderate activity of Nudt15 toward these methylated mononucleotides compared to the dGTP substrate. However m7GDP and m32,2,7GDP showed a distinct stabilization of Nudt15 upon ligand binding, in the same range as dGTP, and thus these two mononucleotides may be used as leading structures in the design of small molecule binders of Nudt15.
Postoperative [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TATE PET/CT imaging is prognostic for progression-free survival in meningioma WHO grade 1
Authors: Teske Nico , Biczok Annamaria , Quach Stefanie , Dekorsy Franziska J. , Forbrig Robert , Bodensohn Raphael , Niyazi Maximilian , Tonn Joerg-Christian , Albert Nathalie L. , Schichor Christian , Ueberschaer Moritz 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Tumor resection represents the first-line treatment for symptomatic meningiomas, and the extent of resection has been shown to be of prognostic importance. Assessment of tumor remnants with somatostatin receptor PET proves to be superior to intraoperative estimation with Simpson grading or MRI. In this preliminary study, we evaluate the prognostic relevance of postoperative PET for progression-free survival in meningiomas.

Methods
We conducted a post hoc analysis on a prospective patient cohort with resected meningioma WHO grade 1. Patients received postoperative MRI and [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TATE PET/CT and were followed regularly with MRI surveillance scans for detection of tumor recurrence/progression.

Results
We included 46 patients with 49 tumors. The mean age at diagnosis was 57.8 ± 1.7 years with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.7. Local tumor progression occurred in 7/49 patients (14%) after a median follow-up of 52 months. Positive PET was associated with an increased risk for progression (*p = 0.015) and a lower progression-free survival (*p = 0.029), whereas MRI was not. 20 out of 20 patients (100%) with negative PET findings remained recurrence-free. The location of recurrence/progression on MRI was adjacent to regions where postoperative PET indicated tumor remnants in all cases. Gross tumor volumes were higher on PET compared to MRI (*p = 0.032).

Conclusion
Our data show that [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TATE PET/CT is highly sensitive in revealing tumor remnants in patients with meningioma WHO grade 1. Negative PET findings were associated with a higher progression-free survival, thus improving surveillance. In patients with tumor remnants, additional PET can optimize adjuvant radiotherapy target planning of surgically resected meningiomas.