bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial disparities in unemployment during the COVID‐19 pandemic and recovery: The “stubborn,” the “hiccup,” and the “stall”
Authors: Couch Kenneth A. , Fairlie Robert W. , Xu Huanan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe examine differential impacts of COVID‐19 on minority unemployment in the U.S. beyond the initial recession. The Black‐White unemployment gap did not immediately rise as much as for other groups, but subsequently increased and was stubbornly higher through 2021 Q3. The Latinx‐White gap generally decreased after peaking in May 2020 to pre‐pandemic levels by 2021 Q4, but experienced a unique “hiccup” in early 2021. The Asian‐White gap peaked later (in June 2020) and was high in Q3 of 2020 (the “stall”), and remained positive through 2021 Q4. Decomposition methods are used to examine factors that contribute to these patterns.
What it is to see: Artificial vision as constitutive interaction
Authors: Erickson‐Davis Cordelia 
Published: January 2023

AbstractVisual prosthesis (VP) devices—devices that electrically stimulate the visual system with the goal of restoring vision to individuals who have lost it—are the literal construal of the orthodox theory of vision that holds that perception is an “indirect” process. In this theory, vision is an image‐ and sensation‐based reconstructive process of representation: a type of information processing that is medium‐independent. In this article, I draw on four years of ethnographic research with both designers and users of VP devices to demonstrate that there are large discrepancies between expectations for these devices and actual recipient experiences. I argue that the failure of the devices stems in part from the problematic theory of vision that informed their design and implementation. I introduce an alternative theory of vision based on the work of empirical psychologist James J. Gibson that sees perception as the “direct” product of a constitutive interaction between a perceiver and environment in a perceiver‐environment system. I show how a theory of perception as constitutive interaction (PCI) is more congruous with recipient reports and enables us to see that “artificial vision,” or the perceptual experience associated with the VP, is a unique perceptual phenomenon.
3D printing of alumina ceramic heat sink with mini‐channels for thermal management
Authors: Dang Mengting , Hu Song , Zhou Guohong , Yue Xuezheng , Wang Shiwei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThermal management has become one of the most challenging issues for high‐power, integrated, and miniaturized electronic devices. In this paper, an alumina ceramic heat sink with mini‐channels was fabricated using a digital light processing 3D printing technology. Microstructures of the ceramic were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. A proper flow rate of water in the mini‐channels was figured out for efficient cooling by infrared thermal imaging and micro‐thermocouple characterizations. The ceramic heat sink was further integrated with a high‐power laser diode module; cooling performance was evaluated by investigating the thermal resistance of the ceramic heat sink and the optoelectronic property of the laser diode module. Results indicated that the laser diode module could be operated at high driving power of 115.6 W. This study provided a new strategy for a highly efficient thermal management of electronic devices and highlighted the technical potential of ceramic heat sink with more compact coolant channels.
Syphilis: recommendations for dermatologists on a resurgent epidemic
Authors: Ji‐Xu Antonio , Leslie Kieron S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDespite reaching historical lows in the early 2000s, cases of both primary and secondary syphilis and congenital syphilis have increased dramatically in the U.S. over the last decade. In the U.S., the current syphilis epidemic is disproportionately impacting communities that have been historically underserved in medicine. These include men who have sex with men, especially those infected with HIV; people of color; and reproductive‐age women with poor access to prenatal care. With syphilis now being more commonly diagnosed in non‐STI than STI clinics in all genders, and since primary and secondary syphilis and congenital syphilis present with characteristic mucocutaneous manifestations, dermatologists are in a position to help reduce the advance of this preventable epidemic, by actively considering this diagnosis and incorporating syphilis screening into their practice. Herein, we delineate strategies by which dermatologists can contribute to this critical effort in their roles as clinicians, public health advocates, and researchers. In particular, we discuss the rapidly changing demographics of syphilis, nuances in serologic testing and treatment, strategies to increase public healthcare access and equity in these underserved populations, and research gaps in this field.
Making sense of reablement within different institutional contexts. Collaborative service ideals in Norwegian and Danish home care
Authors: Graff Lea , Vabø Mia 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWith population ageing, many countries are setting up reablement—short‐term rehabilitative eldercare interventions—aimed at helping older adults to regain independence and thereby curb their need for long‐term care. Reablement is premised on a citizen‐centred and collaborative service ideal intended to challenge the fragmented thinking associated with professionalism and a dispersed service delivery field. Drawing on contextualist sensemaking theory and cross‐national qualitative case study data, we explore how historical and institutional conditions influence the way reablement is made sense of on the ground. In Danish settings, characterised by legal regulations and institutional arrangements rooted in previous New Public Management reforms, new service ideals were constrained by vertical levers of control. The Norwegian bureau–professional settings opened up for user involvement but also gave rise to tensions between reablement teams working to prevent ill health and agencies expected to respond to the urgent needs of the frailest elderly.
Early dose of Adenosine, postRadiofrequency abLation of accessory pathwaY in determining acute procedural success (EARLY study)
Authors: Manickavasagam Anand , Guttikonda Siva Nageswara Rao , Bootla Dinakar , Patloori Sirish Chandra Srinath , Jain Ashish , Chase David , Selvaraj Raja , Jacob John R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionPost ablation of the accessory pathway (AP), the patient is observed in the catheterization laboratory for a variable period for resumption of pathway conduction. Aim of the study was to determine whether the administration of intravenous adenosine at 10 min after ablation of AP would have the same diagnostic accuracy as waiting for 30 min in predicting the resumption of AP conduction.MethodsThis was a prospective interventional study conducted in two centers. Post ablation of the AP, intravenous adenosine was administered at 10 min to look for dormant pathway conduction. The response was recorded as positive (presence of pathway conduction), negative (absence), or indeterminate (not able to demonstrate AV and VA block and inability to ascertain AP conduction).ResultsThe study included 110 procedures performed in 109 patients. Adenosine administration at 10 min showed positive result in 3 cases (2.7%), negative result in 99 cases (90%) and indeterminate result in 8 cases (7.3%). Reconnection of accessory pathway at 30 min postablation was seen in 8 cases (7.3%). Of these 8 cases, 10 min adenosine administration showed positive test in 3 patients and negative test in 5 patients. Adenosine test at 10 min has a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 37.5%, 100%, 100%, and 94.9% in identifying the recurrence of accessory pathway conduction at 30 min, respectively.ConclusionAbsence of pathway conduction on administration of adenosine 10 min postablation does not help predict the absence of resumption of conduction thereafter.
Multicenter experience with andexanet alfa for refractory pericardial bleeding during catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Zghaib Tarek , Allison John D. , Barrett Christopher , Arkles Jeffrey , D'Souza Benjamin , Luebbert Jeffrey , Garcia Fermin , Heist E. Kevin , Tzou Wendy , Callans David , Marchlinski Francis E. , Frankel David S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionPericardial bleeding is a rare but life‐threatening complication of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. Patients taking uninterrupted oral anticoagulation (AC) may be at increased risk for refractory bleeding despite pericardiocentesis and administration of protamine. In such cases, andexanet alfa can be given to reverse rivaroxaban or apixaban. In this study, we aim to describe the rate of acute hemostasis and thromboembolic complications with andexanet for refractory pericardial bleeding during AF ablation.Methods and ResultsIn this multicenter, case series, participating centers identified patients who received a dose of apixaban or rivaroxaban within 24 h of AF ablation, developed refractory pericardial bleeding during the procedure despite pericardiocentesis and administration of protamine and received andexanet. Eleven patients met inclusion criteria, with mean age of 73.5 ± 5.3 years and median CHA2DS2‐VASc score 4 [3–5]. All patients received protamine and pericardiocentesis, and 9 (82%) received blood products. All patients received a bolus of andexanet followed, in all but one, by a 2‐h infusion. Acute hemostasis was achieved in eight patients (73%) while three required emergent surgery. One patient (9%) experienced acute ST‐elevation myocardial infarction after receiving andexanet. Therapeutic AC was restarted after a mean of 2.2 ± 1.9 days and oral AC was restarted after a mean of 2.9 ± 1.6 days, with no recurrent bleeding.ConclusionIn patients on uninterrupted apixaban or rivaroxaban, who develop refractory pericardial bleeding during AF ablation, andexanet can achieve hemostasis thereby avoiding the need for emergent surgery. However, there is a risk of thromboembolism following administration.
JD‐Next: A valid and reliable tool to predict diverse students' success in law school
Authors: Findley Jessica , Cimetta Adriana , Burross Heidi Legg , Cheng Katherine C. , Charles Matt , Balser Cayley , Li Ran , Robertson Christopher 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAdmissions tests have increasingly come under attack by those seeking to broaden access and reduce disparities in higher education. Meanwhile, in other sectors there is a movement towards “work‐sample” or “proximal” testing. Especially for underrepresented students, the goal is to measure not just the accumulated knowledge and skills that they would bringtoa new academic program, but also their ability to grow and learnthroughthe program. The JD‐Next is a fully online, noncredit, 7‐ to 10‐week course to train potential JD students in case reading and analysis skills, prior to their first year of law school. This study tests the validity and reliability of the JD‐Next exam as a potential admissions tool for juris doctor programs of education. (In a companion article, we report on the efficacy of the course for preparing students for law school.) In 2019, we recruited a national sample of potential JD students, enriched for racial/ethnic diversity, along with a sample of volunteers at one university (N = 62). In 2020, we partnered with 17 law schools around the country to recruit a cohort of their incoming law students (N = 238). At the end of the course, students were incentivized to take and perform well on an exam that we graded with a standardized methodology. We collected first‐semester grades as an outcome variable, and compared JD‐Next exam properties to legacy exams now used by law schools (the Law School Admissions Test (LSAT), including converted GRE scores). We found that the JD‐Next exam was a valid and reliable predictor of law school performance, comparable to legacy exams. For schools ranked outside the Top 50, we found that the legacy exams lacked significant incremental validity in our sample, but the JD‐Next exam provided a significant advantage. We also replicated known, substantial racial and ethnic disparities on the legacy exam scores, but estimate smaller, nonsignificant score disparities on the JD‐Next exam. Together this research suggests that, as an admissions tool, the JD‐Next exam may reduce the risk that capable students will be excluded from legal education and the legal profession.
A first glimpse of larval ecology of halibut species in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada
Authors: Ghinter Léopold , Anderson Christophe , Robert Dominique , Winkler Gesche , Bernatchez Louis , Audet Céline 
Published: January 2023

AbstractKnowledge of the larval ecology of winter‐spawning fish from the Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada, remains scarce due to the seasonal ice cover that prevents ichthyoplankton sampling using conventional methods. Two winter‐spawning species, Atlantic halibut (AH, Hippoglossus hippoglossus) and Greenland halibut (GH, Reinhardtius hippoglossoides), support the most important groundfish fisheries of this area. In March 2020, the authors captured 10 halibut larvae ranging in size from 5 to 14 mm during an opportunistic survey in the GSL onboard an icebreaking vessel. Of these, eight were AH and two GH. Judging by their very small size, the larvae were only a few days old, suggesting that the spawning grounds are close to the capture sites. This effort constitutes a first step in validating the putative spawning areas for these two important GSL stocks. This knowledge is important for the conservation and sustainable management of these fisheries.
The safflower MBW complex regulates HYSA accumulation through degradation by the E3 ligase CtBB1
Authors: Hong Yingqi , Lv Yanxi , Zhang Jianyi , Ahmad Naveed , Li Xiaokun , Yao Na , Liu Xiuming , Li Haiyan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe regulatory mechanism of the MBW (MYB‐bHLH‐WD40) complex in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) remains unclear. In the present study, we show that the separate overexpression of the genes CtbHLH41, CtMYB63, and CtWD40‐6 in Arabidopsis thaliana increased anthocyanin and procyanidin contents in the transgenic plants and partially rescued the trichome reduction phenotype of the corresponding bhlh41, myb63, and wd40‐6 single mutants. Overexpression of CtbHLH41, CtMYB63, or CtWD40‐6 in safflower significantly increased the content of the natural pigment hydroxysafflor yellow A (HYSA) and negatively regulated safflower petal size. Yeast‐two‐hybrid, functional, and genetic assays demonstrated that the safflower E3 ligase CtBB1 (BIG BROTHER 1) can ubiquitinate CtbHLH41, marking it for degradation through the 26S proteasome and negatively regulating flavonoid accumulation. CtMYB63/CtWD40‐6 enhanced the transcriptional activity of CtbHLH41 on the CtDFR (dihydroflavonol 4‐reductase) promoter. We propose that the MBW‐CtBB1 regulatory module may play an important role in coordinating HYSA accumulation with other response mechanisms.
Finding family resilience in adversity: A grounded theory of families with children diagnosed with leukaemia
Authors: Huang Yingying , Chen Meijia , Zhang Yao , Chen Xuewei , Zhang Liping , Dong Chaoqun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo develop a conceptual framework that explores the process of building family resilience among Chinese families with children diagnosed with leukaemia.BackgroundThe diagnosis of childhood leukaemia has a devastating effect on the family. Nonetheless, some families were able to positively respond to the crisis. The process through which Chinese families bounce back has received little attention.DesignGrounded theory.MethodsThis study used purposive and theoretical sampling to select 16 parents who agreed to participate in semistructured interviews after children were diagnosed with leukaemia. Data collection and analysis occurred simultaneously. Data were analysed through a process of open, axial and selective coding. The COREQ checklist was followed for reporting.ResultsA core category of ‘finding family resilience in adversity’ was generated. The core category was underpinned by a transition process between two fluid stages: (a) Disrupting the family system, informed by subcategories of negative emotional disturbances and challenges of the diagnosis and treatment journey; (b) Cultivating resilience in families, informed by subcategories of increasing positive attitudes; establishing new family routines; activating good support systems; and practising open family communication.ConclusionsThe transition process from the disruption of the family system to the cultivation of family resilience is perceived as a complex family dynamic in response to childhood leukaemia. Our findings can form the basis for further research about resilience‐based family interventions that promote family well‐being during the early stages of a childhood leukaemia diagnosis.Relevance to Clinical PracticeIt is necessary for healthcare professionals to provide essential support for families to face the challenges of diagnosis and treatment to facilitate the successful transition to family resilience. By understanding the dynamic process of developing family resilience, healthcare professionals are able to focus on these families to provide holistic care that satisfies the specific demands of family members.
Transvaginal mesh surgery for pelvic organ prolapse without blind maneuver
Authors: Okamura Kikuo , Hirabayashi Tsuyoki , Suzuki Tomohide , Koike Mayumi , Matsuura Fumihiko , Suzuki Akitaka , Yoshino Yasushi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimTo present the techniques of transvaginal mesh surgery for pelvic organ prolapse without the blind maneuver and elucidate its safety and efficacy.MethodsThis retrospective study included 45 women with a mean age of 77.9 years old. We investigated surgical outcomes including complications, anatomical recurrence rates, and changes in both subjective symptoms and quality of life.ResultsThe surgery required 111 ± 18 min and blood loss was 40 ± 24 g. Minor injuries of the bladder and rectum occurred in two and one patient, respectively. The urethral catheter was removed on postoperative day 1.1 and patients were discharged on postoperative day 4.4. No one experienced voiding dysfunction requiring catheterization. Wound infections occurred in two patients but they subsided with only antibiotics administered. Five patients had anatomical recurrence during a median follow‐up of 17 months. Of these, two underwent reoperation and the remaining three were solely followed‐up because there were no or few associated problems. Chronic pain, mesh erosion, and exposure were absent in all cases. Subjective symptoms and quality of life significantly improved after surgery at 12 months postoperatively.ConclusionIt is considered that transvaginal mesh surgery without the blind maneuver is a safe and effective way to treat women with pelvic organ prolapse.
Occlusal function and electromyographic activity of masticatory muscles in skeletal Class III patients with different patterns of mandibular asymmetry
Authors: Chen Yi‐Jane , Yao Chung‐Chen , Chang Zwei‐Chieng , Lai Hsiang‐Hua , Hsu Li‐Fang , Hsu Tzu‐Hang , Kok Sang‐Heng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough jaw asymmetry is commonly seen in skeletal Class III patients, its correlation with occlusal function and masticatory muscle activity has not been fully elucidated.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the occlusal function and masticatory muscle activity in skeletal Class III patients with various patterns of mandibular asymmetry.MethodsForty‐two patients and 10 normal participants were examined. The patients were categorised into three groups. Groups 1 and 2 exhibited menton and ramus deviation to the same side. Menton deviation was larger than ramus deviation in Group 1, whereas Group 2 showed the inverse relation. Group 3 patients showed menton and ramus deviation in opposite directions. Occlusal contact area (OCA), relative bite force (RBF), and temporalis anterior (TA) and masseter muscle (MM) activity at maximum clenching were measured using T‐Scan Novus system and Bio‐EMG‐III. Statistical analysis was performed using the t‐test, one‐way analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction and Spearman correlation (α = .05).ResultsCompared with normal participants, the patients had smaller OCA and greater asymmetry in the distribution of masticatory muscle activity. Greater ramus deviation was associated with smaller OCA in Group 1 but with larger OCA in Group 3. In Group 1, greater menton deviation was related to stronger TA activity on the non‐deviation side. In Group 2, greater ramus deviation was related to stronger MM activity on the deviation side.ConclusionDeviation of the menton and ramus was individually related to OCA and masticatory muscle activity, and this relationship varied according to the pattern of mandibular asymmetry.
Effects of partial replacement of unwashed Antarctic krill surimi by Litopenaeus vannamei surimi on the heat‐induced gelling and three‐dimensional‐printing properties
Authors: Shang Shan , Liu Ying , Jiang Pengfei , Wang Yueyue , Fu Baoshang , Qi Libo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThere is an emerging consumption of the Antarctic krill (AK) muscle‐based food due to its excellent nutritional value and enormous biomass storage capacity. However, the coarse texture of the muscle and the weak gelling properties of AK protein impede its expansion in surimi‐based products. This investigation successfully prepared heat‐induced gels of AK surimi with desirable textural properties by including Litopenaeus vannamei in varying proportions. Higher concentrations of L. vannamei resulted in improved three‐dimensional printability, greater water‐holding capacity (WHC), larger viscoelastic modulus, and a well‐formed microstructural matrix of AK surimi, due to an increased level of myofibrillar protein. Compared with AK, L. vannamei muscle had double the salt‐soluble protein content, which was corroborated by increased intensity of bands of actin, paramyosin, tropomyosin, and myosin light chains on reducing SDS‐PAGE. DSC results indicated that a high ratio of L. vannamei elevated the denaturation temperature and enthalpy of myosin, sarcoplasmic protein, and actin, suggesting a high degree of cross‐linking. It was also found that when hydroxypropyl cassava starch was added at 0.5% (w/w), WHC and gel strength were further improved with a more compact gel matrix. The successful preparation of unwashed mixed surimi with AK meat fully exploited in this study provides an option for AK surimi‐based product industrialization.
Worker household debt, functional income distribution and growth: A neo‐Kaleckian perspective
Authors: Parui Pintu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn a stock‐flow consistent neo‐Kaleckian macro‐model, along with worker households' debt dynamics, we incorporate distributional dynamics and examine the dynamic stability of the economy in the long‐run. Both wage‐led and profit‐led but a debt‐burdened demand and growth regimes are possible in the short‐run and the long‐run. We show that the interaction between the debt and distributional dynamics may lead to instability in the economy. We find that a rise in the targeted profit share of firms or an increase in the bargaining power of firms vis‐à‐vis workers may cause a deterioration in functional income distribution. We show that a fall in animal spirits leads to a decline in functional income distribution vis‐à‐vis workers and may also lead to a fall in capital accumulation rate in the long‐run.