bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in Leaf Reflectance Spectra Across the California Flora Partitioned by Evolutionary History, Geographic Origin, and Deep Time
Authors: Griffith Daniel M. , Byrd Kristin B. , Taylor Niky , Allan Elijah , Bittner Liz , O'Brien Bart , Parker V. Thomas , Vasey Michael C. , Pavlick Ryan , Nemani Ramakrishna R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEvolutionary relatedness underlies patterns of functional diversity in the natural world. Hyperspectral remote sensing has the potential to detect these patterns in plants through inherited patterns of leaf reflectance spectra. We collected leaf reflectance data across the California flora from plants grown in a common garden. Regions of the reflectance spectra vary in the depth and strength of phylogenetic signal. We also show that these differences are much greater than variation due to the geographic origin of the plant. At the phylogenetic extent of the California flora, spectral variation explained by the combination of ecotypic variation (divergent evolution) and convergent evolution of disparate lineages was minimal (3%–7%) but statistically significant. Interestingly, at the extent of a single genus (Arctostaphylos) no unique variation could be attributed to geographic origin. However, up to 18% of the spectral variation among Arctostaphylos individuals was shared between phylogeny and intraspecific variation stemming from ecotypic differences (i.e., geographic origin). Future studies could conduct more structured experiments (e.g., transplants or observations along environmental gradients) to disentangle these sources of variation and include other intraspecific variation (e.g., plasticity). We constrain broad‐scale spectral variability due to ecotypic sources, providing further support for the idea that phylogenetic clusters of species might be detectable through remote sensing. Phylogenetic clusters could represent a valuable dimension of biodiversity monitoring and detection.
Th17.1 cell driven sarcoidosis-like inflammation after anti-BCMA CAR T cells in multiple myeloma
Authors: Leipold Alexander M. , Werner Rudolf A. , Düll Johannes , Jung Pius , John Mara , Stanojkovska Emilia , Zhou Xiang , Hornburger Hannah , Ruckdeschel Anna , Dietrich Oliver , Imdahl Fabian , Krammer Tobias , Knop Stefan , Rosenwald Andreas , Buck Andreas , Sander Leif Erik , Einsele Hermann , Kortüm K. Martin , Saliba Antoine-Emmanuel , Rasche Leo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPseudo-progression and flare-up phenomena constitute a novel diagnostic challenge in the follow-up of patients treated with immune-oncology drugs. We present a case study on pulmonary flare-up after Idecabtagen Vicleucel (Ide-cel), a BCMA targeting CAR T-cell therapy, and used single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) to identify a Th17.1 driven autoimmune mechanism as the biological underpinning of this phenomenon. By integrating datasets of various lung pathological conditions, we revealed transcriptomic similarities between post CAR T pulmonary lesions and sarcoidosis. Furthermore, we explored a noninvasive PET based diagnostic approach and showed that tracers binding to CXCR4 complement FDG PET imaging in this setting, allowing discrimination between immune-mediated changes and true relapse after CAR T-cell treatment. In conclusion, our study highlights a Th17.1 driven autoimmune phenomenon after CAR T, which may be misinterpreted as disease relapse, and that imaging with multiple PET tracers and scRNA-seq could help in this diagnostic dilemma.
Peripheral inflammatory immune response differs among sporadic and familial Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Muñoz-Delgado Laura , Macías-García Daniel , Periñán María Teresa , Jesús Silvia , Adarmes-Gómez Astrid D. , Bonilla Toribio Marta , Buiza Rueda Dolores , Jiménez-Jaraba María del Valle , Benítez Zamora Belén , Díaz Belloso Rafael , García-Díaz Sergio , Martín-Bórnez Miguel , Pineda Sánchez Rocío , Carrillo Fátima , Gómez-Garre Pilar , Mir Pablo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPeripheral inflammatory immune responses are thought to play a major role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a biomarker of systemic inflammation, has been reported to be higher in patients with PD than in healthy controls (HCs). The present study was aimed at determining if the peripheral inflammatory immune response could be influenced by the genetic background of patients with PD. We included a discovery cohort with 222 patients with PD (132 sporadic PD, 44LRRK2-associated PD (with p.G2019S and p.R1441G variants), and 46GBA-associated PD), as well as 299 HCs. Demographic and clinical data were recorded. Leukocytes and their subpopulations, and the NLR were measured in peripheral blood. Multivariate lineal regression and post-hoc tests were applied to determine the differences among the groups. Subsequently, a replication study using the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative cohort was performed which included 401 patients with PD (281 sPD patients, 66LRRK2-PD patients, 54GBA-PD patients) and a group of 174 HCs. Patients with sporadic PD andGBA-associated PD showed a significantly lower lymphocyte count, a non-significantly higher neutrophil count and a significantly higher NLR than HCs. The peripheral inflammatory immune response of patients withLRRK2-associated PD did not differ from HCs. Our study supports the involvement of a peripheral inflammatory immune response in the pathophysiology of sPD andGBA-associated PD. However, this inflammatory response was not found inLRRK2-associated PD, probably reflecting different pathogenic inflammatory mechanisms.
A TLR7-nanoparticle adjuvant promotes a broad immune response against heterologous strains of influenza and SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Yin Qian , Luo Wei , Mallajosyula Vamsee , Bo Yang , Guo Jing , Xie Jinghang , Sun Meng , Verma Rohit , Li Chunfeng , Constantz Christian M. , Wagar Lisa E. , Li Jing , Sola Elsa , Gupta Neha , Wang Chunlin , Kask Oliver , Chen Xin , Yuan Xue , Wu Nicholas C. , Rao Jianghong , Chien Yueh-hsiu , Cheng Jianjun , Pulendran Bali , Davis Mark M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe ideal vaccine against viruses such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2 must provide a robust, durable and broad immune protection against multiple viral variants. However, antibody responses to current vaccines often lack robust cross-reactivity. Here we describe a polymeric Toll-like receptor 7 agonist nanoparticle (TLR7-NP) adjuvant, which enhances lymph node targeting, and leads to persistent activation of immune cells and broad immune responses. When mixed with alum-adsorbed antigens, this TLR7-NP adjuvant elicits cross-reactive antibodies for both dominant and subdominant epitopes and antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in mice. This TLR7-NP-adjuvanted influenza subunit vaccine successfully protects mice against viral challenge of a different strain. This strategy also enhances the antibody response to a SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine against multiple viral variants that have emerged. Moreover, this TLR7-NP augments antigen-specific responses in human tonsil organoids. Overall, we describe a nanoparticle adjuvant to improve immune responses to viral antigens, with promising implications for developing broadly protective vaccines.
Odor discrimination is immune to the effects of verbal labels
Authors: Cormiea Sarah , Fischer Jason 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFor many odors that we encounter in daily life, we perceive their qualities without being able to specifically identify their sources—an experience termed the “tip-of-the-nose” phenomenon. Does learning an odor’s identity alter our experience of it? Past work has shown that labeling odors can alter how we describe and react to them, but it remains an open question whether such changes extend to the level of perception, making an odor actually smell different. Here, in a set of odor classification experiments we tested whether attaching labels to odors can alter their perceptual discriminability. We found that even for odors whose reported similarity changed markedly when their identities were revealed, their discriminability remained unchanged by labels. Our findings indicate that two critical functions of olfaction—parsing the odor environment and supporting the subjective experience of odor qualities—access distinct odor representations within the olfactory processing stream.
Human salivary concentrations of brain derived neurotrophic factor correlates with subjective pain intensity associated with initial orthodontic therapy
Authors: Bhat Sagar S. , Revankar Ameet Vaman , Naik Roopak D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCurrent study aimed to evaluate presence & concentration of salivary molecular pain biomarkers Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide (CGRP) and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) during initial stages of orthodontic treatment and correlation with subjective pain scales, Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Verbal Rating Scale (VRS) and McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ). Consented, healthy-pain free patients (n = 40) undergoing orthodontic therapy, having moderate crowding with pre-molar extraction were recruited. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected and stored at -80 °C in cryotubes. Levels of CGRP & BDNF in salivary samples was assessed by enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay. Samples were collected under stipulated 5 time periods using saliva collection tube by passive drooling method: immediately after bonding but before wire placement (T0-baseline), after 24 h (T1), 48 h (T2), 72 h (T3) & 168 h (T4) after wire placement. Consolidated subjective pain scales were administered concurrently. Regression value (R2 > 0.9) confirmed BDNF & CGRP in saliva. Significant change was observed from baseline to 168 h in all subjective parameters (p < 0.05). CGRP did not correlate with subjective pain scales statistically (p > 0.05). BDNF levels correlated with all the subjective pain scales, NRS (T3-p = 0.0092&T4-p = 0.0064), VRS (T3-p = 0.0112&T4-p = 0.0500), VAS (T3-p = 0.0092 &T4-p = 0.0064) &MPQ (T1-p = 0.0255). Mean BDNF & median subjective pain scale graphs were similar. BDNF correlated with all the subjective pain scales warranting further investigation.Trial registration; Clinical Trial Registry—India (CTRI) Reg No: CTRI/2018/12/016571; Registered 10th December, 2018 (10/12/2018) prospectively; http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pmaindet2.php?trialid=29640&EncHid=&userName=Dr%20Sagar%20S%20Bhat.
A systematic survey of RUM process parameter optimization and their influence on part characteristics of nickel 718
Authors: Popli Dipesh , Batra Usha , Msomi Velaphi , Verma Shubham 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis research is focused on the drilling of Nickel based super alloy with diamond metal core drill and identified the significant parameters of rotary ultrasonic machining that optimise the machining rate (MR) and surface quality. Four general parameters: workpiece material, workpiece thickness, tool material, and tool size; and four RUM parameters: tool rotational, feed rate, ultrasonic power rating, and abrasive grit size of the tool were tested against and surface quality of the cut. The results indicated that the maximum value of MR of 0.8931mm3/sec is acquired at higher level of tool rotation, feed rate, ultrasonic power and moderate level of abrasive grit size of diamond. The minimum surface roughness (Ra) 0.554 µm is observed at higher level of rotational rotation, Moderate value of feed rate, ultrasonic power and diamond abrasive grit size. In addition, for single-objective and multi-objective functions, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) approach is used to find the optimum values for process parameters. Furthermore, a scanning electron microscope is also utilized to check the machined surface after RUM. It is concluded that microcracks are observed on the machined surface.
Federated learning with hyper-network—a case study on whole slide image analysis
Authors: Lin Yanfei , Wang Haiyi , Li Weichen , Shen Jun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFederated learning(FL) is a new kind of Artificial Intelligence(AI) aimed at data privacy preservation that builds on decentralizing the training data for the deep learning model. This new technique of data security and privacy sheds light on many critical domains with highly sensitive data, including medical image analysis. Developing a strong, scalable, and precise deep learning model has proven to count on a variety of high-quality data from different centers. However, data holders may not willing to share their data considering the restriction of privacy. In this paper, we approach this challenge with a federated learning paradigm. Specifically, we present a case study on the whole slide image classification problem. At each local client center, a multiple-instance learning classifier is developed to conduct whole slide image classification. We introduce a privacy-preserving federated learning framework based on hyper-network to update the global model. Hyper-network is deployed at the global center that produces the weights of the local network conditioned on its input. In this way, hyper-networks can simultaneously learn a family of the local client networks. Instead of communicating raw data with the local client, only model parameters injected with noise are transferred between the local client and the global model. By using a large scale of whole slide images with only slide-level labels, we mensurated our way on two different whole slide image classification problems. The results demonstrate that our proposed federated learning model based on hyper-network can effectively leverage multi-center data to develop a more accurate model which can be used to classify a whole slide image. Its improvements in terms of over the isolated local centers and the commonly used federated averaging baseline are significant. Code will be available.
A simple method for fabricating drugs containing acis-o-diol structure into guanosine-based supramolecular hydrogels for drug delivery
Authors: Xia Xin , Song Shaojuan , Wen Yinghui , Qi Jiajia , Cao Lideng , Liu Xian , Zhou Ronghui , Zhao Hang 
Published: January 2023

The process of transforming drugs with a cis-o-diol structure into a guanosine-based supramolecular hydrogel as a drug release dosage form through dynamic borate ester bonds.
Synthesis, structural characterization, reactivity and catalytic activity of mixed halo/triflate ArI(OTf)(X) species
Authors: Sharp-Bucknall Lachlan , Sceney Marcus , White Keith F. , Dutton Jason L. 
Published: January 2023

Targeted isolation of two previously inaccessible I(iii) halotriflates. The chloride analoge is a powerful electrophilic chlorinating reagent that can be generated in a catalytic manner to enhance Cl2 reactivity.
Quantifying Pharyngeal Residue Across the Adult Life Span: Normative Values by Age, Gender, and Swallow Task
Authors: Garand Kendrea L. (Focht) , Grissett Addison , Corbett Mary Mason , Molfenter Sonja , Herzberg Erica G. , Kim Han Joe , Choi Dahye 
Published: January 2023

Purpose:
We quantified pharyngeal residue using pixel-based methods in a normative data set, while examining influences of age, gender, and swallow task.

Method:

One hundred ninety-five healthy participants underwent a videofluoroscopic swallow study following the Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile (MBSImP) protocol. ImageJ was used to compute Normalized Residue Ratio Scale and the Analysis of Swallowing Physiology: Events, Kinematics and Timing (ASPEKT) pharyngeal residue measures. Reliability was established. Descriptive statistics were performed for all residue measures. Inferential statistics were performed using ASPEKT total scores (i.e., %C2–4
2
). Logistic regression models explored predictors of residue versus no residue. Generalized linear mixed models explored predictors of nonzero residue. Spearman rho explored relationships between ASPEKT total residue scores and MBSImP Component 16 (Pharyngeal Residue) scores.

Results:

Majority of swallows (1,165/1,528; 76.2%) had residue scores of zero. Residue presence (%C2–4
2
> 0) was influenced by age (more in older [
F
= 9.908,
p
= .002]), gender (more in males [
F
= 18.70,
p
< .001]), viscosity (more in pudding, nectar, and honey [
F
= 25.30,
p
< .001]), and volume (more for cup sip [
F
= 37.430,
p
< .001]). When residue was present (363/1,528 = 23.8%), amounts were low (
M
= 1% of C2–4
2
,
SD
= 2.4), and only increasing age was associated with increased residue (
F
= 9.008,
p
= .007) when controlling for gender and swallow task. Increasing residue was incremental (0.01% of C2–4
2
per year). As ASPEKT total residue values increased, MBSImP Component 16 scores also increased.

Conclusions:
Pharyngeal residue amounts were very low in healthy adults. Residue presence can be influenced by age, gender, and swallow task. However, when present, the amount of pharyngeal residue was only associated with increasing age.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21957221
Frequency‐to‐spectrum mapping GAN for semisupervised hyperspectral anomaly detection
Authors: Wang Degang , Gao Lianru , Qu Ying , Sun Xu , Liao Wenzhi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMost unsupervised or semisupervised hyperspectral anomaly detection (HAD) methods train background reconstruction models in the original spectral domain. However, due to the noise and spatial resolution limitations, there may be a lack of discrimination between backgrounds and anomalies. This makes it easy for the autoencoder to capture the low‐level features shared between the two, thereby increasing the difficulty of separating anomalies from the backgrounds, which runs counter to the purpose of HAD. To this end, the authors map the original spectrums to the fractional Fourier domain (FrFD) and reformulate it as a mapping task in which restoration errors are employed to distinguish background and anomaly. This study proposes a novel frequency‐to‐spectrum mapping generative adversarial network for HAD. Specifically, the depth separable features of backgrounds and anomalies are enhanced in the FrFD. Due to the semisupervised approach, FTSGAN needs to learn the embedded features of the backgrounds, thus mapping and restoring them from the FrFD to the original spectral domain. This strategy effectively prevents the model from focussing on the numerical equivalence of input and output, and restricts the ability of FTSGAN to restore anomalies. The comparison and analysis of the experiments verify that the proposed method is competitive.
Energy‐efficient covert communication with adaptive assist nodes group
Authors: Wan Zehan , Huang Ying , Lei Jing , Lai Ke , Huang Luying 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a joint detection strategy of Willie based on two phases observation is proposed and an energy‐efficient covert communication scheme with an adaptive assist nodes group (AANG) based on uniform jamming power (UJP) strategy is proposed to against the joint‐phase detection of Willie, which achieves covert communication with lower energy cost and higher average covert rate (ACR). The probability of detection error (PDE) at Willie with joint‐phase detection and ACR are derived. Furthermore, the optimal power allocation of legitimate transmitters is resolved to maximize ACR. Numerical results demonstrate the benefit of the proposed scheme over the covert rate and consumed jamming power.
Attitude stabilization of spacecraft simulator based on modified constrained feedback linearization model predictive control
Authors: Khodaverdian Maria , Malekzadeh Maryam 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper aims to discuss the approach of constrained modified feedback linearization model predictive control for the spacecraft simulator. By utilizing the high accuracy and constrained properties of model predictive control (MPC), an optimum MPC is designed for the spacecraft feedback linearized system. The composite controller has the ability to control both the attitude and angular velocity of the reaction wheels (i.e. steering the angular momentum to zero at the end of the maneuver). The simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid controller has an insignificant calculative cost and facilitates the spacecraft to perform regulation maneuver with sufficient precision in the presence of external torques and actuator saturations.
Akademische Karriere in der Medizin: eine geschlechterbezogene
Analyse zu beruflichen Zielen
Authors: Sorg Heiko , Hauser Jörg , Bagheri Mahsa , Ehlers Jan Peter , Leifeld Irini Helena , Fuchs Paul Christian , Tilkorn Daniel Johannes , Sorg Christian Günter Georg 
Published: January 2023

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Für die Ärztinnen und Ärzte des
klinisch-akademischen Mittelbaus spielen Arbeitsbedingungen sowie die
Einstellung zu Beruf und Karriere eine entscheidende Rolle. Seit Jahren ist in
der Medizin ein ansteigender Frauenanteil zu verzeichnen. Trotz dieser Zunahme
zeigt sich gerade in der akademischen Medizin immer noch eine signifikante
Geschlechtsinkongruenz. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es ein aktuelles Meinungsbild von
Ärztinnen und Ärzten zu geschlechtsbezogenen Aspekten
für die Karriere zu analysieren.
Methodik Mittels einer Online-Befragung wurde der medizinische Mittelbau
aus universitären und peripheren Krankenhäusern zu
berufsbiographischen sowie karriererelevanten Themen befragt und
anschließend geschlechtsbezogen analysiert.
Ergebnisse Ärztinnen streben im Vergleich zu ihren
männlichen Kollegen niedrigere berufliche Karriereziele an und verfolgen
hierbei überwiegend die Qualifikation bis zur Oberärztin.
Ärzte hingegen haben zum höheren Anteil leitende Positionen zum
Ziel. Frauen planen Familie und Kindererziehung früher in ihre Karrieren
ein. Männer haben im gleichen Zeitabschnitt eher die berufliche Karriere
im Blick. Obwohl nur knapp 47% der Befragten eine akademische Karriere
als erstrebenswert erachten, schätzen 65% den Erwerb eines
akademischen Titels weiter hoch ein. Bei der Auswertung einer gleichberechtigten
Behandlung durch Vorgesetzte fühlen sich Ärztinnen im Vergleich
zu Ärzten in ihrer beruflichen Karriere eher benachteiligt. So bewerten
Ärzte den Umgang ihrer jeweiligen Vorgesetzten als geprägt von
der Qualität der Arbeit (44% für beide vorgesetzten
Geschlechter) bzw. abhängig von der Sympathie (weibliche Vorgesetzte
30%; männlicher Vorgesetzter 24%). Ärztinnen
sehen jedoch in 37% bei männlichen Vorgesetzten eine Bevorzugung
männlicher Kollegen.
Schlussfolgerung Trotz eines seit Jahrzehnten deutlich
größeren Frauenanteils in der Medizin besteht auch aktuell
weiter eine Geschlechtsinkongruenz zugunsten von Männern in
Leitungspositionen. Die beruflichen, wie privaten Ziele von Frauen und
Männern unterschieden sich je nach Altersdekade deutlich. Die
akademische Karriere per se verliert zunehmend an Bedeutung, wobei der Erwerb
akademischer Titel weiterhin erstrebenswert zu sein scheint. Zur Verbesserung
der Zukunftsfähigkeit der akademischen Medizin sind daher erhebliche
strukturelle Veränderungen erforderlich, die projektfähige
Karrierepfade (z. B. Tenure Track, Assistenzprofessur, Young Medical
Professionals-Modell) für den akademischen Mittelbau
ermöglichen.