bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GEO: A Computational Design Framework for Automotive Exterior Facelift
Authors: Huang Jingmin , Chen Bowei , Yan Zhi , Ounis Iadh , Wang Jun 
Published: December 2022

Exterior facelift has become an effective method for automakers to boost the consumers’ interest in an existing car model before it is redesigned. To support the automotive facelift design process, this study develops a novel computational framework –
Generator, Evaluator, Optimiser (GEO)
, which comprises three components: a StyleGAN2-based design generator that creates different facelift designs; a
convolutional neural network (CNN)
-based evaluator that assesses designs from the aesthetics perspective; and a
recurrent neural network (RNN)
-based decision optimiser that selects designs to maximise the predicted profit of the targeted car model over time. We validate the GEO framework in experiments with real-world datasets and describe some resulting managerial implications for automotive facelift. Our study makes both methodological and application contributions. First, the generator’s mapping network and projection methods are carefully tailored to facelift where only minor changes are performed without affecting the family signature of the automobile brands. Second, two evaluation metrics are proposed to assess the generated designs. Third, profit maximisation is taken into account in the design selection. From a high-level perspective, our study contributes to the recent use of machine learning and data mining in marketing and design studies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that uses deep generative models for automotive regional design upgrading and that provides an end-to-end decision-support solution for automakers and designers.
Molecular Pathways and Mechanisms of HER2 in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Raghav Kanwal P.S. , Moasser Mark M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe oncogene ERBB2 encoding the receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 (HER2) is frequently overexpressed or amplified and occasionally mutated in a variety of human cancers. The early discovery of this oncogene, its established oncogenic relevance in diverse cancers, its substantial expression on the surface of cancer cells, and its druggable catalytic activity have made it one of the most pursued targets in the history of cancer drug development. Initiatives targeting HER2 provided the early stimulus for several transformational pharmaceutical technologies, including mAbs, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, antibody–drug conjugates, and others. The seismic impact of these efforts has been felt in treatment of many cancers, including breast, gastroesophageal, lung, colorectal, and others. This impact continues to broaden with increasing indications on the horizon and a plethora of novel agents in development. However, implementation of these therapeutic strategies has been complex. The clinical translation of every one of these classes of agents has been notable for underperformance or overperformance characteristics that have informed new lines of research providing deeper insights into the mechanistic complexities and unrealized opportunities provided by this molecular target. Despite all the successes to date, the preponderance of scientific evidence indicates that the full potential of HER2 as a target for cancer therapeutics is far greater than currently realized, and numerous lines of investigation are ongoing to deepen and broaden the scope of impact of HER2 as a signaling, homing, or immunologic target. In this review, we explore the existing data and evolving paradigms surrounding this remarkable target for cancer therapy.
Evolution of the Internal Climate Modes under Future Warming
Authors: Coburn Jacob , Pryor Sara C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Climate modes play an important role in weather and climate variability over multiple spatial and temporal scales. This research assesses Earth system model (ESM) projections of the spatiotemporal characteristics of key internal climate modes (NAM, SAM, PNA, ENSO, PDO, and AMO) under high (SSP585) and low (SSP126) radiative forcing scenarios and contextualizes those projections using historical fidelity. Time series analyses are used to assess trends and mode phase characteristics are summarized for the historical period and for the end of the twenty-first century. Spatial patterns are compared to infer morphological changes. Shifts in the power spectra are used to examine changes in variability at subannual, interannual, and interdecadal scales. Changes in time-lagged correlations are used to capture the evolution of first-order interactions. While differences in historical skill are predominantly ESM dependent, changing mode characteristics in a warmer climate also exhibit variability between individual ensemble realizations. NAM, SAM, and ENSO tend to evolve toward increased prevalence of the positive phase up to 2100 across the multimodel ensemble while the PNA and PDO exhibit little trend but increasing phase intensity. AMO characteristics are shown to depend on the method used to remove the external signal. ESMs that show higher historical fidelity tend to show more modest changes in those modes under global nonstationarity. Changes in mode interactions are found to be highly ESM dependent but exhibit broadly similar behavior to historical relationships. These findings have implications for our understanding of internal variability and make clear that the choice of ESM, and even the ESM realization, matters for applications of climate projections.

Significance Statement
Internal modes of variability are important to understand due to their impact on local, regional, and global weather and climate patterns. Future climate changes will not only be affected by the variability arising from these modes, but the modes will themselves change in response to the changing climate. Spatial and temporal aspects of the modes are assessed from projections of future climate and related to how well they are captured in the historical climate. This yields some measure of confidence in the changes exhibited by the models. In most cases, when historically skillful models exhibit changes that are different from those produced by less skillful models, they tend to produce more modest changes. These results, as well as the variability between model outcomes, mean decisions on which ESM to use for projections of the future climate matter significantly.
Decadal Shift in Summer Precipitation Variability over East Asia in the Mid-2000s and Wave Propagation toward North America
Authors: Matsumura Shinji , Horinouchi Takeshi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The East Asian summer climate displays a marked change after the late 1990s. This is principally due to a weakening of the Pacific–Japan (PJ) teleconnection pattern that was a dominant driver of precipitation variability over East Asia. Nevertheless, western Japan has frequently experienced heavy rainfall events over the past several years. Atmospheric reanalysis and observational datasets are used to investigate summer precipitation variability over East Asia in a view of interdecadal changes from 1979 to 2020. East Asian summer precipitation has increased the most in Japan, especially over and around the Southwest Islands in southern Japan, where cumulus convection has been more dominant for the characteristic of precipitation variability including mei-yu–baiu rainfall than frontal structure since the mid-2000s. Atmospheric analysis in vertical structures and convective instability indicates that moist instability is neutralized by cumulus convection over the southern East China Sea and off the Pacific coast of Japan, where recent warming in sea surface temperature (SST) along the Kuroshio exceeds the SST threshold for convection. This decadal shift in precipitation variability has a close relationship with the second precipitation mode over East Asia, which has taken the place of the PJ pattern as a leading driver of precipitation variability over western Japan in the past decade. The enhanced cumulus convection is enabled to act as a forcing mechanism for the Rossby wave train from East Asia toward North America along the westerly jet or for the eastward extension of the Silk Road pattern, which possibly favors a heatwave in the Pacific Northwest areas of North America.
Improving Tropical Cyclogenesis Forecasts of Hurricane Irma (2017) through the Assimilation of All-Sky Infrared Brightness Temperatures
Authors: Hartman Christopher M. , Chen Xingchao , Chan Man-Yau 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The assimilation of satellite all-sky infrared (IR) brightness temperatures (BTs) has been shown in previous studies to improve intensity forecasts of tropical cyclones. In this study, we examine whether assimilating all-sky IR BTs can also potentially improve tropical cyclogenesis forecasts by improving the pregenesis cloud and moisture fields. By using an ensemble-based data assimilation system, we show that the assimilation of upper-tropospheric water vapor channel BTs observed by the Meteosat-10 SEVIRI instrument two days before the formation of a tropical depression improves the genesis forecast of Hurricane Irma (2017), a classic Cape Verde storm, by up to 24 h while also capturing its later rapid intensification in deterministic forecasts. In an experiment that withholds the assimilation of all-sky IR BTs, the assimilation of conventional observations from the Global Telecommunications System (GTS) leads to the premature genesis of Hurricane Irma by at least 24 h. This premature genesis is shown to result from an overestimation of the spatial coverage of deep convection within the African easterly wave (AEW) from which Irma eventually forms. The gross overestimation of deep convection without all-sky IR BTs is accompanied by higher column saturation fraction, stronger low-level convergence, and the earlier spinup of a low-level meso-β-scale vortex within the AEW that ultimately becomes Hurricane Irma. Through its adjustment to the initial moisture and cloud conditions, the assimilation of all-sky IR BTs leads to a more realistic convective evolution in forecasts and ultimately a more realistic timing of genesis.

Significance Statement
Every year hurricanes impact the lives of thousands of people living along the eastern coast of the United States. Many of these storms originate from tropical disturbances that exit the west coast of Africa. To give the public more warning time ahead of these storms, it is important to improve the forecasts of their formation. This study uses a system developed at The Pennsylvania State University to incorporate satellite observations into forecasts of a classic Cape Verde storm, Hurricane Irma (2017), two days before it formed. By using satellite-collected radiances, we improve the timing of its formation by up to 24 h due to a better representation of the mesoscale tropical disturbance from which it originated.
Total Parathyroidectomy Without Autotransplantation for ESRD Patients With Secondary Hyperparathyroidism; an Effective Alternative
Authors: Mikhail Alexander R. , Williams Rush A. , Son Leslie S. , Danos Denise M. , Samuel Jones , Kleinpeter Kenneth P. , LeBlanc Karl A. 
Published: December 2022

Background The most common operations performed for secondary hyperparathyroidism include subtotal parathyroidectomy (STPX) and total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation (TPX + AT). We present a series of ESRD patients treated with total parathyroidectomy without autotransplantation (TPX). Methods This is a retrospective cohort analysis of ESRD patients, age 18 years or older, with three or more glands resected on final pathology and follow-up parathyroid hormone levels obtained up to 1.5 years postoperatively. The primary endpoint was recurrence of hyperparathyroidism (defined as PTH > 500 pg/mL). Results The incidence of recurrent hyperparathyroidism at 1.5 years was 5.9% (2/34). The incidence of persistent hyperparathyroidism at 1.5 years was 11.8% (4/34). In this series, no patients were hospitalized for symptomatic hypocalcemia or experienced pathologic bone fractures. Conclusions Recurrence rates are low with TPX. The most common cause of recurrent and persistent disease is resection of three rather than four glands. The known complications of TPX, pathologic fractures, and severe hypocalcemia, were not seen in this study.
Potency of Fiscal Variables in Inf lation Variations in Sri Lanka
Authors: Maitra Biswajit , Mondal Suvra Prokash 
Published: December 2022

Although the monetary policy impact on inflation is deliberated intensively in economic literature, the fiscal policy impact has not gained much interest, particularly in the developing countries. The later issue is theorised as the fiscal theory of price level. This article examines the potency of fiscal factors relative to the money growth in inflation in Sri Lanka for an extended period 1965–2018, and also for the post-reform period 1977–2018. The inflationary impacts of public debt, budget deficit and public expenditure, in association with money growth and a few control variables are assessed rigorously. The results of the vector autoregression model estimations involving different combinations of these variables reveal that fiscal policy instruments are, in general, inflationary while no significant impact of money growth on inflation is found. Besides, the analyses of impulse response functions and variance decomposition of inflation corroborate that the external debt, budget deficit and public expenditure are potent factors amplifying inflation. The impacts of money and control variables are trivial. These findings are invariant over the samples and justify that an active fiscal and a passive monetary policy are operative. Managing the budget deficit and growing dependence on public debt is a critical policy issue in Sri Lanka. JEL Codes: E31, H63, C32
Family Caregiver’s Depression, Confidence, Satisfaction, and Burden Regarding End-of-Life Home Care for People With End-Stage Dementia
Authors: Green Gizell , Halevi Hochwald Inbal , Radomyslsky Zorian , Nissanholtz-Gannot Rachel 
Published: December 2022

To detect differences between two care services units: regarding family-caregiver (FC) depression, perceived-burden and confidence in the provision of care to people with end-stage dementia (PWESD); examine predictors such as FC age, depression, confidence in the provision of care to PWESD and satisfaction with the community-home-care service to burden; and explore a mediation model. The participants were 139 FC, caring for PWESD living at home. The questionnaire was composed of FC background characteristics, perceived-burden, satisfaction with the community-home-care services, depression, and confidence in the provision of care to the PWESD. HCUs’ FC felt significantly more burdened than HHUs’ FC. Furthermore, satisfaction with the community-home-care services mediated the relationship between FC confidence in the provision of care to the PWESD and FC burden. The study results may affect the development of end-of-life care policies and services which meet the needs of PWESD and their FC.
Elderly sarcoidosis in Japan
Authors: Masumoto Nami , Watanabe Keisuke , Horita Nobuyuki , Hara Yu , Kobayashi Nobuaki , Kaneko Takeshi 
Published: December 2022

Objective The manifestations of sarcoidosis differ by ethnicity and region. However, the few studies that have focused on elderly sarcoidosis are only from Western countries. Therefore, we investigated elderly sarcoidosis in Japan. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the records of adult patients (≥18 years old) who were diagnosed with sarcoidosis from 1 April 2006 to 31 March 2020. The diagnosis was pathologically confirmed in all patients. We compared the clinical features of elderly (diagnosed at ≥65 years old) and non-elderly (diagnosed at <65 years old) patients. Results Thirty-five (33%) of 106 patients were elderly. The elderly group had significantly more comorbidities than the non-elderly group (median [range], 1 [0–4] vs. 0 [0–5]). The biopsy site at diagnosis included significantly more extrathoracic sites in the elderly than non-elderly group (57.1% vs. 33.8%). The elderly group had significantly more muscle lesions than the non-elderly group at the time of diagnosis (11.4% vs. 1.4%) and at any time during follow-up (17.1% vs. 1.4%). Conclusion In Japan, elderly patients with sarcoidosis might have more muscle involvement and comorbidities than younger patients. Because comorbidities might affect the prognosis of elderly sarcoidosis, further study is needed to clarify the effect of comorbidities on elderly sarcoidosis.
Deferasirox versus deferoxamine in managing iron overload in patients with Sickle Cell Anaemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Qadah Talal 
Published: December 2022

Objectives To examine the efficacy of deferasirox (DFX) by comparison with deferoxamine (DFO) in managing iron overload in patients with sickle cell anaemia (SCA). Methods Online databases were systematically searched for studies published from January 2007 to July 2022 that had investigated the efficacy of DFX compared with DFO in managing iron overload in patients with SCA. Results Of the 316 articles identified, three randomized clinical trials met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of liver tissue iron concentration (LIC) showed that iron overload was not significantly higher in the DFX group compared with DFO group (WMD, −1.61 mg Fe/g dw (95% CI −4.42 to 1.21). However, iron overload as measured by serum ferritin was significantly lower in DFO compared with DFX group (WMD, 278.13 µg/l (95% CI 36.69 to 519.57). Although meta-analysis was not performed on myocardial iron concentration due to incomplete data, the original report found no significant difference between DFX and DFO. Conclusion While limited by the number of studies included in this meta-analysis, overall, the results tend to show that DFX was as effective as DFO in managing iron overload in patients with SCA.
Curing behavior and properties of ultra-high temperature resistant RTM bismaleimide resin
Authors: Xiong Xuhai , Ai Jianxin , Ren Rong , Wang Jing , Li Guiyang 
Published: December 2022

The properties of a RTM bismaleimide resin with low viscosity and ultra-high temperature resistance were systematically investigated, including its curing kinetics and rheological properties, and the thermal and mechanical properties of its cured resins. The thermal curing kinetics was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method with multiple heating rates. DSC curves display a cure regime in the temperature range of 150∼300°C and the exothermic peaks shift from 194°C to 231°C with heating rate. The apparent activation energy of curing reaction is calculated as 78.2 kJ/mol. The rheological properties were studied in terms of the changes of the non-isothermal and isothermal viscosity tested using a rotary viscometer. The test results show that the RTM resin has a wide molding temperature window from 90°C to 200°C and long molding time at 110°C for 275 min with a flow viscosity less than 1000 mPas. Dual-Arrhenius model was established to predict the viscosity characteristics at different constant temperatures, showing a good agreement with the experimental data. Four curing cycles were designed to obtain cured networks with different microstructures, and the thermal and mechanical properties of the cured resins suffered from various curing cycles were characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and universal material testing machine. The results exhibit that the cured product has a ultra-high glass transition temperature of 373.5°C and larger flexural strength of 145.4 MPa after post-curing at 250°C for 10 h.
Association Between Red Blood Cell Indices and Preoperative Deep Vein Thrombosis in Patients Undergoing Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Xiong Xiaojuan , Li Ting , Yu Shuang , Cheng Bo 
Published: December 2022

Purpose To investigate the association of red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), red cell distribution width-coefficient of variation (RDW-CV), and red cell distribution width-standard deviation (RDW-SD) with preoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Methods A total of 2059 TJA patients were enrolled. We used the ratios of RBC, Hb, RDW-CV, and RDW-SD to DVT before TJA to create the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve, thereby calculating the cut-off values and the area under the curve (AUC). The patients were categorized into groups based on cut-off value, and risk factors for DVT before TJA were subsequently analyzed. We included the variates that were statistically significant in the univariate analysis in the multivariate binary logistic regression analysis. Results Preoperative DVT occurred in 107 cases (5.20%). Based on the ROC curve, we found that the AUC for RBC, Hb, RDW-CV, and RDW-SD were 0.658, 0.646, 0.568, and 0.586, respectively. Multivariate binary regression analysis revealed that the risk of preoperative DVT in TJA patients with RBC≤3.92*109 /L, Hb≤118g/L, RDW-CV≥13.2%, and RDW-SD≥44.6fL increased 3.02 ( P < 0.001, 95% confidence interval (CI) [2.0–4.54]), 2.15 ( P < 0.001, 95% CI [1.42–3.24]), 1.54 ( P = 0.038, 95% CI [1.03–2.3]), and 1.98 times ( P = 0.001, 95% CI [1.32–2.98]), respectively. The risk of preoperative DVT in patients with corticosteroid use increased approximately 2.6 times ( P = 0.002, 95% CI [1.22–5.81]). Conclusion We found that decreased RBC and Hb, increased RDW-CV and RDW-SD, and corticosteroid use were independent risk factors for preoperative DVT in patients undergoing TJA.
An overview of the role of selpercatinib and pralsetinib in RET-fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: Nguyen Vanessa Quang , Geirnaert Marc 
Published: December 2022

Objective Selpercatinib and pralsetinib are new targeted therapies used to treat patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) due to RET gene rearrangements. The objective of this article is to review selpercatinib and pralsetinib in the context of RET-fusion-positive NSCLC. Data sources The pivotal LIBRETTO-001 and ARROW trials were evaluated regarding the use of selpercatinib and pralsetinib as treatment for RET-fusion-positive NSCLC. Comparative studies, review articles and current studies on selpercatinib and pralsetinib in RET-fusion-positive NSCLC were searched on pubmed.org and scholar.google.com using “selpercatinib,” “pralsetinib,” and “NSCLC” as keywords. Product monographs were searched on google.ca and uptodate.com using the keywords “selpercatinib,” “pralsetinib,” and/or “monograph.” Data summary Selpercatinib and pralsetinib are orally administered highly selective RET inhibitors approved by the FDA following the accelerated approvals granted due to the pivotal LIBRETTO-001 and ARROW trials which evaluated selpercatinib and pralsetinib, respectively. Both drugs have shown efficacy for brain metastases and are primarily metabolized by CYP3A4 through hepatic metabolism. The most common grade 3 or 4 adverse effects of selpercatinib were hypertension, increased ALT level, and increased AST level while for pralsetinib, it was neutropenia, hypertension, and anemia. The safety profile shows similarities in severity and tolerability but additional monitoring for QT prolongation in patients on selpercatinib is recommended, compared to the risks of interstitial lung disease or pneumonitis for patients on pralsetinib. Conclusions Overall, the increased use of selpercatinib and pralsetinib has led to the implementation of these drugs in the clinical practice of healthcare professionals such as pharmacists.