bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Normal-mode splitting in an optomechanical system enhanced by an optical parametric amplifier and coherent feedback
Authors: Li Yue , Wang Yijian , Sun Hengxin , Liu Kui , Gao Jiangrui 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Normal-mode splitting (NMS) is an evident signature of strong coupling interactions for observing quantum phenomena, such as optomechanical squeezing and entanglement. In the previous literature, optical parametric amplifier (OPA) and coherent feedback are independently proposed to enhance the NMS. Here, we combine OPA and coherent feedback into a single optomechanical system to enhance the NMS. Controllable parameters, such as input optical power, OPA gain and phase, coherent feedback strength, are varied to observe NMS variations. In particular, we consider positive and negative feedback in terms of the amplitude reflectivity of the beam splitter for coherent feedback. The NMS appears mostly with the positive coherent feedback rather than the negative. Furthermore, the largest mode separation occurs at an OPA phase of approximately

−
π

/

4

rather than zero because the effective cavity detuning changes the effective intracavity round-trip phase, and therefore changes the OPA amplification/deamplification condition. The results indicate that the interplay between OPA and coherent feedback can enhance the NMS with more controllable parameter freedoms. This scheme provides a promising way to increase the optomechanical coupling strength, thereby having potential applications in the ground state cooling of a mechanical oscillator, the preparation of optomechanical quantum states, and the sensitive detection of a weak force.
Mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of Zr-based amorphous alloys with various element compositions under different strain rates
Authors: Chen Tao-Hsing , Wang I-Hsin , Hsieh Chia-Heng , Kuo Cheng-Hsien , Hsieh Tsung-Han 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study investigated the mechanical properties, glass-forming ability (GFA), and microstructural evolution of ZrCuAlNi amorphous alloys with various niobium (Nb) and silver (Ag) additions under static (1 × 10–1 – 1 × 10–3 s−1) and dynamic (3 × 103 – 5 × 103 s−1) loading conditions. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed that all of the alloys had an amorphous structure, and the GFA improved with an increasing Ag content. The Zr56Cu24Al9Ni7Nb1Ag3 alloy showed the highest flow stress among the various alloys under both strain rate ranges. For all of the alloys, the fracture strain increased with an increasing Ag content. Moreover, the strain rate sensitivity increased with increasing strain rate. The scanning electron microscopy observations showed that the fracture surfaces had a dimple structure. As the Ag content increased, the dimple structure changed from a smooth to molten appearance. In addition, the dimple structure density increased with an increasing strain rate. The results present that the ductility of the ZrCuAlNi amorphous alloys could be improved by increasing the Ag element content.
Environmentally benign synthesis of TiO2-ZnO nanocomposite for efficient dye-sensitized solar cell
Authors: Thate Ankush G , Pakhare Keshav S , Patil Satish S , Bhuse Vijaykumar M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This work presents betanin dye-loaded TiO2-ZnO thin film solar cells for solar energy harvesting. The TiO2-ZnO nanocomposite was prepared by the one-step microwave-assisted technique. Structural studies exhibit mixed phases of rutile and wurtzite structure of TiO2 and ZnO respectively. The morphological investigations of deposited TiO2-ZnO nanocomposite showed interconnected many-fold nanoflakes morphology. EDS confirms the formation of stoichiometric TiO2-ZnO nanocomposite films. An optical study demonstrates electronic transition with a bandgap energy range of 2.72 to 2.94 eV. Photovoltaic performance shows photocurrent from 1.62 to 2.73 mA cm–2 with the photovoltage of 659–795 mV in the range with a 3.25% photo-conversion efficiency for the sample of TZO3 dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSCs).
The van der Pol physical reservoir computer
Authors: Shougat Md Raf E Ul , Perkins Edmon 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The van der Pol oscillator has historical and practical significance to spiking neural networks. It was proposed as one of the first models for heart oscillations, and it has been used as the building block for spiking neural networks. Furthermore, the van der Pol oscillator is also readily implemented as an electronic circuit. For these reasons, we chose to implement the van der Pol oscillator as a physical reservoir computer (PRC) to highlight its computational ability, even when it is not in an array. The van der Pol PRC is explored using various logical tasks with numerical simulations, and a field-programmable analog array circuit for the van der Pol system is constructed to verify its use as a reservoir computer. As the van der Pol oscillator can be easily constructed with commercial-off-the-shelf circuit components, this PRC could be a viable option for computing on edge devices. We believe this is the first time that the van der Pol oscillator has been demonstrated as a PRC.
A Multiple QoS Metrics-Aware Virtual Network Embedding Algorithm
Authors: Lu Meilian , Li Meng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
As a key issue of network virtualisation, virtual network embedding (VNE) aims to embed multiple virtual network requests (VNRs) from different applications onto the substrate network effectively. In real networks, about 90% of traffic is generated by different quality of service (QoS) sensitive applications. However, most existing VNE algorithms do not account for the difference. Although several VNE algorithms considered the delay metric of applications, they usually provide strict delay guarantees for all VNRs, leading to a low VNR acceptance ratio. In this paper, we focus on the VNE problem involving multiple QoS metrics and propose a multiple QoS metrics-aware VNE algorithm based on reinforcement learning (RLQ-VNE). We first classify VNRs according to their different requirements for multiple QoS metrics including delay, jitter and packet loss rate, and then introduce reinforcement learning to implement differentiated VNE. Specifically, RLQ-VNE provides strict QoS guarantees for the VNRs with high-level QoS requirements and provides lower QoS guarantees for the VNRs with low-level QoS requirements, thus balancing the QoS guarantee and request acceptance ratio. Simulation results from multiple experimental scenarios show that RLQ-VNE improves the request acceptance ratio and network resource utilisation by sacrificing less QoS.
Prevalence of ventricular extrasystoles among smokers and individuals with risk factors for cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Vytryhovskiy V A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None. Main funding source(s): no.
The purpose of the work to establish the prevalence of life-threatening arrhythmias and the risk of sudden death among people with a high and very high risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Materials and methods
During the period 2007-2013 years, we examined 4,214 patients, ages 35 to 85 years, who underwent Holter heart rhythm monitoring. Patients were divided into 4 groups. The 1st group: patients with coronary heart disease (stable angina), but without concomitant risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, such as smoking and obesity. The 2nd group - people who smoke 5 or more cigarettes per day for more than 2 years. The 3rd group - obese people without concomitant ischemic heart disease and arterial hypertension. The 4th group - people with obesity and hypertension. The control group included 149 practically healthy people. The groups were identical in age and sex. The highest prevalence of ventricular extrasystoles was recorded in group 2 (among smokers) and was 44,8% (p&lt;0.01), and 9,02% of people from this group had class V ventricular extrasystoles according to V. Lown and M. Wolf classification, and the result was higher among people with stable angina, where this figure was 7,69%. The lowest prevalence of this arrhythmia was found among people with stable angina and was 30,34%. This can be explained by patients being more thoroughly supervised by doctors and medicine intake. Another reason was that groups 2-4 included people with only risk factors, and group 1 - people with the disease.
Among obese people with and without hypertension, the prevalence of this arrhythmia was almost the same – 35,1% and 36,7%, respectively, and was not significantly different from the control group (33,6%). The next step was to determine the prevalence of polytopic (supraventricular + ventricular extrasystole) and ectopic foci among these individuals. And again, smokers had the highest prevalence of polytopic extrasystoles, which was 69,57%. Among people with stable angina, this figure was 55% (p&lt;0.01). In people with obesity, which were included in the 3rd and 4th groups, polytopy was observed in less than half of the patients – 47,83% and 43,48%, respectively.
Therefore, analyzing the data presented above, we can say that people who smoke tobacco have higher prevalence of both individual ventricular arrhythmia and ventricular and supraventricular extrasystoles than healthy individuals and people with obesity and hypertension. There is no significant difference in the prevalence of ventricular extrasystoles in individuals with only obesity or plus hypertension.
Influence of blood-pressure and oxygen levels on the prognostic value of quantitative pupillometry for comatose cardiac arrest patients - a BOX-trial substudy
Authors: Nyholm B , Grand J , Obling L , Hassager C , Moeller J E , Schmidt H , Othman M , Kondziella D , Kjaergaard J 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Private grant(s) and/or Sponsorship. Main funding source(s): Novo Nordisk Foundation

Background
Quantitative pupillometry has been implemented in resuscitation guidelines as part of multimodal prognostication in comatose out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients. Post-resuscitation intensive care allows for different blood-pressure and oxygen targets, but evidence on the implication of these targets on prognostication is limited.

Purpose
To assess the impact of different blood-pressure and oxygen targets in resuscitated OHCA patients on the prognostic ability of the quantitatively assessed percentage reduction of pupillary size (qPLR, %) and the neurological pupil index (NPi, 0-5).

Methods
The BOX-trial is a multicenter, double-blind, randomized trial, comparing low (63 mm Hg) versus high (77 mm Hg) mean arterial blood-pressure targets and restrictive (9 to 10 kPa) versus liberal (13 to 14 kPa) partial pressure of arterial oxygen targets in comatose survivors of OHCA. In this predefined, prospective substudy, quantitative pupillometry measurements were obtained from consecutively enrolled patients at 0, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours after OHCA (t0-t120). The prognostic performance of qPLR and NPi for high and low blood-pressure groups, and liberal and restrictive oxygen target groups were illustrated through the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUC). The time point achieving the highest AUC was used for further analyses. AUCs were compared with DeLong’s test.

Results
The highest AUC for qPLR and NPi were achieved for measurements made 48 hours after OHCA. qPLR produced AUC at 0.79 [95%CI 0.73-0.85] and 0.81 [95%CI 0.75-0.86] for high and low blood-pressure groups, and 0.79 [95%CI 0.73-0.85] and 0.80 [95%CI 0.74-0.86] for liberal and restrictive oxygen target groups, respectively (Fig 1).
For NPi AUC were 0.79 [95%CI 0.73-0.85] and 0.78 [95%CI 0.72-0.84] in high and low blood-pressure groups, and 0.77 [95%CI 0.71-0.83] and 0.80 [95%CI 0.75-0.86] in liberal and restrictive oxygen target groups, respectively (Fig 2).
No significant difference between any groups, for either blood-pressure or oxygen targets, was found.

Conclusion
Prognostic value of quantitative pupillometry for predicting outcome in resuscitated OHCA patients was high and consistent across different blood-pressure and oxygen level targets.
Antithrombotic treatment strategies in patients with established coronary atherosclerotic disease
Authors: Valgimigli Marco , Aboyans Victor , Angiolillo Dominick , Atar Dan , Capodanno Davide , Halvorsen Sigrun , James Stefan , Jüni Peter , Kunadian Vijay , Landi Antonio , Leonardi Sergio , Mehran Roxana , Montalescot Gilles , Navarese Eliano Pio , Niebauer Josef , Oliva Angelo , Piccolo Raffaele , Price Susanna , Storey Robert F , Völler Heinz , Vranckx Pascal , Windecker Stephan , Fox Keith A A 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Multiple guidelines and consensus papers have addressed the role of antithrombotic strategies in patients with established coronary artery disease (CAD). Since evidence and terminology continue to evolve, the authors undertook a consensus initiative to guide clinicians to select the optimal antithrombotic regimen for each patient. The aim of this document is to provide an update for clinicians on best antithrombotic strategies in patients with established CAD, classifying each treatment option in relation to the number of antithrombotic drugs irrespective of whether the traditional mechanism of action is expected to mainly inhibit platelets or coagulation cascade. With the aim to reach comprehensiveness of available evidence, we systematically reviewed and performed meta-analyses by means of both direct and indirect comparisons to inform the present consensus document.
Comparison of aortic valve repair techniques with single- and double-ring annuloplasties
Authors: Benhassen Leila Louise , Hedensted Jacob Hesselby , Sharghbin Mona , Bechsgaard Tommy , Nielsen Sten Lyager , Hasenkam John Michael , Johansen Peter 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
For patients with isolated aortic regurgitation, a double sub- and supravalvular annuloplasty has been shown to reduce recurrent aortic regurgitation after aortic valve repair compared with a single subvalvular annuloplasty. The objective of this study was to compare the geometrical and dynamic properties of single- and double-ring annuloplasties in an in vitro model.

METHODS
Eighteen aortic roots from 80 kg pigs were randomized into a control, single-ring and double-ring group. Experiments were conducted in a pulsatile in vitro model. Hydrodynamics, radial force measurements at annular and sinotubular level and 2D echographic imaging were obtained.

RESULTS
Both the single- and double-ring annuloplasties downsized the aortic annulus and sinotubular junction (STJ) significantly and increased the coaptation height. The double-ring annuloplasty showed an additional significant increase in coaptation height compared with the single ring [8.5 (0.9)–9.8 (0.8) mm, P &lt; 0.01]. The single-ring annuloplasty reduced radial forces at both levels, whereas the double-ring annuloplasty showed the greatest force reduction of the STJ.

CONCLUSIONS
By treating the whole functional aortic annulus, encompassing both the aortic annulus and the STJ, a greater force reduction is observed. A subvalvular annuloplasty alone is efficient in reducing aortic annulus diameter and increasing coaptation height, however, by treating the STJ as well, an additional effect is observed on coaptation height, creating a more efficient stabilization. Reduction of annular force–distensibility ratio with the double-ring annuloplasty compared with the native controls indicates a sustained stabilizing effect.
Meropenem in combination with baicalein exhibits synergism against extensively drug resistant and pan-drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates in vitro
Authors: Güran Mümtaz , Çakıral Kadir , Teralı Kerem , Kandemir Tülay , Şanlıtürk Gizem , Öcal Melda Meral , Nagiyev Toğrul , Köksal Fatih 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that the effectiveness of carbapenems against drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections has been decreasing. Combination therapy with two or more drugs is currently under investigation to overcome the emerging resistance against carbapenems. In this study, we tested the possible synergistic interactions of a potent antibacterial flavonoid, baicalein, with meropenem to illustrate this duo’s antibacterial and antibiofilm effects on 15 extensively drug resistant or pan-drug-resistant (XDR/PDR) A. baumannii clinical isolates in vitro. Isolates included in the study were identified with MALDI-TOF MS, and antibiotic resistance patterns were studied according to EUCAST protocols. Carbapenem resistance was confirmed with the modified Hodge test, and resistance genes were also analyzed with genotypical methods. Then, checkerboard and time-kill assays were performed to analyze antibacterial synergism. Additionally, a biofilm inhibition assay was performed for screening the antibiofilm activity. To provide structural and mechanistic insights into baicalein action, protein–ligand docking, and interaction profiling calculations were conducted. Our study shed light on the remarkable potential of the baicalein–meropenem combination, since either synergistic or additive antibacterial activity was observed against every XDR/PDR A. baumannii strain in question. Furthermore, the baicalein–meropenem combination displayed significantly better antibiofilm activity in contrast to standalone use. In silico studies predicted that these positive effects arose from inhibition by baicalein of A. baumannii beta-lactamases and/or penicillin-binding proteins. Overall, our findings highlight the prospective potential benefits of baicalein in combination with meropenem for the treatment of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii infections.
A Long-Standing Hybrid Population Between Pacific and Atlantic Herring in a Subarctic Fjord of Norway
Authors: Pettersson Mats E , Fuentes-Pardo Angela P , Rochus Christina M , Enbody Erik D , Bi Huijuan , Väinölä Risto , Andersson Leif 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) and Pacific herring (C. pallasii) are sister species that split from a common ancestor about 2 million years ago. Balsfjord, a subarctic fjord in Northern Norway, harbors an outpost population of Pacific herring within the range of the Atlantic herring. We used whole genome sequencing to show that gene flow from Atlantic herring into the Balsfjord population has generated a stable hybrid population that has persisted for thousands of generations. The Atlantic herring ancestry in Balsfjord was estimated in the range 25–26%. The old age and large proportion of introgressed regions suggest there are no obvious genetic incompatibilities between species. Introgressed regions were widespread in the genome and large, with some in excess of 1 Mb, and they were overrepresented in low-recombination regions. We show that the distribution of introgressed material is non-random; introgressed sequence blocks in different individuals are shared more often than expected by chance. Furthermore, introgressed regions tend to show elevated divergence (FST) between Atlantic and Pacific herring. Together, our results suggest that introgression of genetic material has facilitated adaptation in the Balsfjord population. The Balsfjord population provides a rare example of a stable interspecies hybrid population that has persisted over thousands of years.
Validation of the Arabic Version of the Health Literacy (HLS-Q12) Questionnaire in chronically ill patients
Authors: Awwad Oriana , AlMuhaissen Suha A , Al-Kharouf Mohammad , Al-Nashwan Ayat , Abdeljalil Mariam , Al-Qerem Walid 
Published: May 2023

Summary
Health literacy (HL) is an essential component of public health. Few tools are used to measure HL in Arabic-speaking countries, essentially the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults and the Single Item Literacy Screener. The new 12-item version of the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-Q12), has not been validated in the Arabic language. This study aimed to translate the English version of HLS-Q12 into Arabic, test its structure and explain any variance in HLS-Q12 scores, allowing its use in Arabic-speaking healthcare contexts. A forward–backward translation was adopted. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s α. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Rasch Model evaluated the model fit of the Arabic version of HLS-12. The effects of different patient-related variables on HLS-Q12 scores were tested using linear regression. A total of 389 patients visiting the site hospital outpatient clinics participated in the study. HLS-Q12 mean ± SD score was 35.8 ± 5.0, 50.9% of the participants showed an intermediate HL score. Good reliability (α = 0.832) was observed. CFA confirmed the scale unidimensionality. Rasch analysis indicated HLS-Q12 items to be within the fit acceptable thresholds except for Item 12. The only item that displayed unordered response categories was Item 4. Most of the items were considered relatively easy by respondents. Linear regression revealed age, education, healthcare-related education and income to have effects significantly different from zero on HLS-Q12 score. Interventions targeting the most health-disparate groups of individuals with characteristics contributing to lower HL, are needed.
Stigmatization and Social Death of Survivors of Wartime Sexual Violence
Authors: Rose Sofie 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Wartime sexual violence leaves many survivors deeply stigmatized and deprived of emotional, social, and financial support. Evidence suggests that stigmatization is often the most life-altering and destructive aspect of sexual violence. It calls for a deeper examination of how stigmatization is experienced by the survivors and from where the stigma emanates. Based on the concept of social death and its three constitutive components: loss of social identity, loss of social relationships, and loss of social vitality, this article explores the experience of stigmatization by men and women survivors in the Central African Republic. The analysis shows that stigmatization can be so severe that it resembles social death for some survivors and that the stigma is deeply informed by gendered understandings of identity, social status, and appropriate behavior. Stigmatization works as a social punishment for not “doing” one's gender correctly and therefore threatens gendered power hierarchies, demonstrating how gender structures play a key role in the production of stigmatization. The insight from this study contributes to the emerging field of feminist peace research by pointing at how sexual violence stigma is a continuation of gendered violence which travels between wartime and peacetime and perpetuates the experience of violence for the survivors.