bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What impacts the acceptability of wearable devices that detect opioid overdose in people who use opioids? A qualitative study
Authors: Tas Basak , Walker Hollie , Lawn Will , Matcham Faith , Traykova Elena V. , Evans Rebecca A. S. , Strang John 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionDrug‐related deaths involving an opioid are at all‐time highs across the United Kingdom. Current overdose antidotes (naloxone) require events to be witnessed and recognised for reversal. Wearable technologies have potential for remote overdose detection or response but their acceptability among people who use opioids (PWUO) is not well understood. This study explored facilitators and barriers to wearable technology acceptability to PWUO.MethodsTwenty‐four participants (79% male, average age 46 years) with current (n = 15) and past (n = 9) illicit heroin use and 54% (n = 13) who were engaged in opioid substitution therapy participated in semi‐structured interviews (n = 7) and three focus groups (n = 17) in London and Nottingham from March to June 2022. Participants evaluated real devices, discussing characteristics, engagement factors, target populations, implementation strategies and preferences. Conversations were recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed.ResultsThree themes emerged: device‐, person‐ and environment‐specific factors impacting acceptability. Facilitators included inconspicuousness under the device theme and targeting subpopulations of PWUO at the individual theme. Barriers included affordability of devices and limited technology access within the environment theme. Trust in device accuracy for high and overdose differentiation was a crucial facilitator, while trust between technology and PWUO was a significant environmental barrier.Discussion and ConclusionsDeterminants of acceptability can be categorised into device, person and environmental factors. PWUO, on the whole, require devices that are inconspicuous, comfortable, accessible, easy to use, controlled by trustworthy organisations and highly accurate. Device developers must consider how the type of end‐user and their environment moderate acceptability of the device.
British species that are present in Australia have different traits from British species that are not present in Australia
Authors: Earle Rosa A. D. , Atkinson Joe , Moles Angela T. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimIntroduced species spreading to natural ecosystems is a leading cause of environmental change and a key feature of the Anthropocene. While there have been many studies of the traits of introduced and invasive species, less is known about the traits that affect a species' chances of reaching and establishing in new areas. We asked whether British species that are present in Australia have different traits to British species that are not present in Australia.LocationGreat Britain and Australia.MethodsWe compiled a list of all vascular plant species from Great Britain and divided them into those that are present in Australia (395 species) and those that are not present in Australia (1171 species). We compiled data for each species' seed mass, seedbank longevity, maximum plant height, flower size, flower colour and geographical extent in the British Isles. We conducted independent sample t‐tests for continuous variables and Chi‐squared tests for categorical variables to determine differences between groups.ResultsWe found British species present in Australia have, on average, larger geographic extents in the British Isles, longer periods of seed bank longevity (mean ~3 months as opposed to ~3 weeks), and maximum heights that are on average 36% taller than British species that are not present in Australia. However, British species present in Australia did not have significantly different flower size, flower colour or seed mass from British species that are not present in Australia.Main ConclusionsBritish species that are present in Australia and British species that are not present in Australia differ in several traits. These differences likely result from a combination of factors including introduction biases, environmental filters during establishment and stochasticity. Our results suggest that humans may be consciously and unconsciously selecting species for introduction. Some of the traits that are associated with an increased chance of a species being transported to/establishing in a new range also contribute to invasiveness. Thus, anthropogenic introduction biases could contribute to an increased risk of ecosystem invasion.
Impact of patient characteristic factors on the dynamics of liver glucose metabolism: Evaluation of multiparametric imaging with dynamic whole‐body 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography
Authors: Tonda Kai , Iwabuchi Yu , Shiga Tohru , Owaki Yoshiki , Fujita Arashi , Nakahara Takehiro , Sakurai Ryosuke , Shimizu Atsushi , Yamada Yoshitake , Okada Masahiro , Jinzaki Masahiro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimsTo assess the impact of various patient characteristics on the dynamics of liver glucose metabolism using automated multiparametric imaging with whole‐body dynamic 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)‐positron emission tomography (PET).Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled 540 patients who underwent whole‐body dynamic FDG‐PET. Three quantitative indices representing hepatic glucose metabolism [mean standardized uptake value normalized by lean body mass (SULmean), metabolic glucose rate (kinetic index) and distribution volume (DV)] were measured from multiparametric PET images produced automatically based on the Patlak plot model. Patient characteristics including age, sex, body mass index, fasting time, blood glucose level, and the presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) or hepatic steatosis (HS) were collected. We examined the correlations between the characteristic factors and three quantitative indices using multiple regression analysis.ResultsThe success rate of kinetic analysis using multiparametric PET imaging was 93.3% (504/540). Hepatic SULmean was significantly correlated with age (p < .001), sex (p < .001) and blood glucose level (p = .002). DV was significantly correlated with age (p = .033), sex (p < .001), body mass index (p = .002), fasting time (p = .043) and the presence of HS (p = .002). The kinetic index was significantly correlated with age (p < .001) and sex (p = .004). In the comparison of the healthy, DM and HS groups, patients with DM had a significantly increased SULmean, whereas patients with HS had a significantly decreased DV.ConclusionsOur results showed that liver glucose metabolism was influenced by various patient characteristic factors. Multiparametric FDG‐PET imaging can be used to analyse the kinetics of liver glucose metabolism in routine clinical practice.
Session‐to‐session bidirectional associations of alliance with depressive symptoms and relationship satisfaction
Authors: Morgan Preston C. , Wittenborn Andrea K. , Edwards Caitlin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe relationship between therapeutic alliance and treatment outcomes is one of the most widely studied topics in psychotherapy research. Research has primarily considered a unidirectional model whereby alliance predicts outcomes, which implies that building alliance early in therapy results in later symptom improvement and ignores the possibility that early symptom improvement could also subsequently lead to improved alliance. This study explored the bidirectional associations of alliance and outcomes session‐to‐session for 15 sessions among a sample of 24 couples randomized to emotionally focused therapy or treatment as usual for depression and relationship dissatisfaction. Multilevel models tested associations between the prior week's alliance and the following week's clinical outcomes (i.e., depressive symptoms and relationship satisfaction) and the prior week's clinical outcomes with the following week's alliance. Findings indicated that the prior week's alliance was associated with the following week's relationship satisfaction, but not depressive symptoms, when controlling for the prior week's depressive symptoms and relationship satisfaction in each respective model. In addition, the prior week's depressive symptoms and relationship satisfaction were both associated with the following week's alliance, when controlling for the prior week's alliance. Only one of these associations differed by sex: previous week's higher relationship satisfaction was associated with higher therapeutic alliance the following week for males than females. These bidirectional associations did not differ by treatment condition. This study contributes to the emerging empirical support suggesting bidirectionality among alliance and treatment outcomes.
Fatigue evaluation on the effect of impact pits with various impact conditions by a CDM‐based approach
Authors: Yang Susong , Hu Weiping , Li Jian , Zhan Zhixin , Meng Qingchun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis work aims to quantitatively evaluate the influence of the impact velocity, location, and angle of a spherical foreign object on fatigue lives. A continuum damage mechanics (CDM)–based fatigue approach is proposed to evaluate the fatigue behavior. The experiments on a cast AlSi7Mg1 aluminum alloy with a low‐velocity impact pit are used to validate the proposed fatigue model. The comparison between the predicted lives with the experimental data indicates an excellent agreement. Based on the proposed model, the effects of various impact velocities, locations, and angles are investigated. It is found that the velocities have negligible influence on the fatigue life in low‐velocity impact cases once the pit depth is the same. The most dangerous impact location for 90° normal impact cases is inferred to be a distance away from the boundary surface. The 45° transverse impact close to the boundary is different from other studied oblique impacts and has a longer life than the corresponding normal impact. This study uses a feasible method to predict the effects of different impact conditions and provides useful guidance for engineering applications.
Conversation Analysis Based Simulation (CABS): A method for improving communication skills training for healthcare practitioners
Authors: Pilnick Alison , O'Brien Rebecca , Beeke Suzanne , Goldberg Sarah , Murray Megan , Harwood Rowan H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundActors portraying simulated patients are widely used in communication skills training in healthcare, but debates persist over the authenticity of these interactions. However, healthcare professionals value simulation‐based training because of the opportunity to think and react in real time, which alternatives cannot provide.ObjectiveTo describe a method for the use of simulation which maximises authenticity by grounding training in real, observed, patterns of patient communication.DesignNaturally occurring care interactions were video recorded and analysed using conversation analysis (CA) to identify communication patterns. We focused on sites of recurring interactional trouble as areas for training, and identified more and less effective ways of dealing with these. We used the CA findings to train actors portraying simulated patients, based on the observed interactional patterns.Settings and ParticipantsPatients living with dementia and healthcare practitioners (HCPs) on two acute healthcare of the elderly wards in the English East Midlands.Outcome MeasuresOne month later HCPs reported using the skills learned in clinical practice. Masked‐ratings of before and after simulated patient encounters confirmed these self‐reports in relation to one key area of training.ResultsThe Conversation Analysis Based Simulation (CABS) method used in this setting showed positive results across a range of quantitative and qualitative outcome measures. What is significant for the transferability of the method is that qualitative feedback from trainees highlighted the ability of the method to not only illuminate their existing effective practices, but to understand why these were effective and be able to articulate them to others.Discussion/ConclusionWhile the CABS method was piloted in the dementia care setting described here, it has potential applicability across healthcare settings where simulated consultations are used in communication skills training. Grounding simulated interaction in the observed communication patterns of real patients is an important means of maximising authenticity.Patient and Public ContributionThe VideOing to Improve dementia Communication Education (VOICE) intervention which piloted the CABS method was developed by a multidisciplinary team, including three carers of people with dementia. People living with dementia were involved in the rating of the before and after video simulation assessments.
Volunteering on Heritage at Risk sites and wellbeing: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Pattinson Julie , Laparidou Despina , Akanuwe Joseph , Scott Anna , Sima Claudia , Lewis Carenza , Siriwardena Niro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionWe explored experiences of volunteering in Heritage at Risk (HAR) projects, intended to mitigate the deterioration to historic assets, and the relationship with wellbeing. We aimed to understand the value of HAR to volunteers' wellbeing and relationships between HAR programme characteristics such as location, asset type and type of activity.MethodsWe used a qualitative design with semi‐structured interviews of a purposive sample of volunteers recruited via Historic England (HE), employing Systematic Grounded Theory involving open, axial and selective coding.FindingsWe interviewed 35 volunteers (18 male and 17 female) participating in 10 HAR projects. We identified six themes from the data analysis. (1) Purpose—was associated with volunteering motivations; there were some barriers to volunteering and many types of facilitators, including accessibility to local heritage sites. (2) Being—volunteers showed an appreciation and attachment to their place of residence. (3) Capacity—to learn heritage‐specific skills and diversify experiences in learning new skills (life, technical and personal). (4) Sharing—community engagement, connectedness, and inclusivity captured diversity and inclusion within volunteers across age, ethnicity, ability, and gender. (5) Self‐nurture—HAR volunteering created physical, psychological, and social benefits with limited risks and adverse outcomes. (6) Self‐actualisation—described volunteers reflecting on their experiences.ConclusionHAR volunteering was associated with positive physical, social and psychological wellbeing outcomes. The study provides an evidence base for specific wellbeing benefits of volunteering at Heritage at Risk sites, although we could not conclude that HAR project activity was the cause of increased wellbeing.Public ContributionStaff from HE were involved in designing the project brief. In selecting the HAR project sites, we took advice and recommendations from HE staff across all their six regional offices.
Existing flower preference metrics disagree on best plants for pollinators: which metric to choose?
Authors: Pizante Rachel , Acorn John H. , Worthy Sydney H. , Frost Carol M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
When planting flowers for pollinator conservation, determining what flowers to plant is challenging because flower establishment can be time‐consuming and resource‐intensive.
To alleviate this challenge, researchers have proposed methods to mathematically determine from plant–pollinator interaction data which flower species pollinators prefer, which can be defined as the likelihood that a flower species will be chosen by pollinators when offered on an equal basis with other flower species.
We compared the flower lists produced by five sensible, peer‐reviewed preference metrics calculated from the same dataset and examined how each metric controls for flower abundance and relates to number of pollinator visits.
We found little correlation between the ranked flower lists returned by each preference metric and that the metrics varied in the extent to which they controlled for abundance and provided different information than number of visits.
The discordance among calculated flower preference lists is partially due to the different way each metric controls for abundance and suggests that these preference metrics need to be empirically tested and that more research is needed into the factors that impact pollinator floral preference.
We discourage the use of three preference metrics (confidence interval, resource use and mass action hypothesis metrics), caution against the use of one (centrality metric) and recommend the use of the preference index metric due to its insensitivity to insufficient sampling, ease of use and the fact that it is not correlated with the number of pollinator visits.
Panx1 knockout promotes preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci development in a chemically induced model of mouse colon carcinogenesis
Authors: Espírito Santo Sara Gomes , Da Silva Tereza Cristina , Cogliati Bruno , Barbisan Luís Fernando , Romualdo Guilherme Ribeiro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractColorectal cancer, which is the third leading cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide, is a multistep disease, featuring preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) as the early morphological manifestation. The roles of hemichannel‐forming transmembrane Pannexin 1 (Panx1) protein have not been investigated in the context of colon carcinogenesis yet, although it has contrasting roles in other cancer types. Thus, this study was conducted to examine the effects of Panx1 knockout (Panx1−/−) on the early events of chemically induced colon carcinogenesis in mouse. Wild type (WT) and Panx1−/− female C57BL6J mice were submitted to a chemically induced model of colon carcinogenesis by receiving six intraperitoneal administrations of 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine (DMH) carcinogen. Animals were euthanized 8 h (week 7) or 30 weeks (week 37) after the last DMH administration in order to evaluate sub‐acute colon toxicity outcomes or the burden of ACF, respectively. At week 7, Panx1 genetic ablation increased DMH‐induced genotoxicity in peripheral blood cells, malondialdehyde levels in the colon, and apoptosis (cleaved caspase‐3) in colonic crypts. Of note, at week 37, Panx1−/− animals showed an increase in aberrant crypts (AC), ACF mean number, and ACF multiplicity (AC per ACF) by 56%, 57% and 20%, respectively. In essence, our findings indicate that Panx1 genetic ablation promotes preneoplastic ACF development during chemically induced mouse colon carcinogenesis, and a protective role of Panx1 is postulated.
Effect of thoracoscopic and thoracotomy on postoperative wound complications in patients with lung cancer: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Qiu Bin , Han Jinlong , Zhao Jin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBecause of the difficult surgical procedures, patients with lung cancer who have received thoracic surgery tend to have postoperative complications. It may lead to postoperative complications like wound infection, wound haematoma and pneumothorax. A lot of research has assessed the effect of various surgery methods on postoperative complications in pulmonary cancer. The purpose of this meta‐analysis is to establish if thoracoscopic is superior to that of thoracotomy in the rate of post‐operative complications. From the beginning to the end of June 2023, we performed an exhaustive search on four main databases for key words. The Hazard of Bias in Non‐Randomized Interventional Studies (ROBINS‐I) was evaluated in the literature. In the end, 13 trials that fulfilled the eligibility criteria underwent further statistical analyses. The results showed that thoracoscopic intervention decreased the risk of post operative wound infection (dominant ratio [OR], 3.00; 95% confidence margin [CI], 1.98, 4.55; p < 0.00001) and air‐leakage after operation (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.04, 1.63; p = 0.02). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of the rate of haemorrhage after operation (OR, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.73, 1.66; p = 0.63). Our findings indicate that thoracoscopic is less likely to cause post operative infection and gas leakage than thoracotomy, and it does not decrease the risk of postoperative haemorrhage. As some of the chosen trials are too small to conduct meta‐analyses, care must be taken when handling the data. In the future, a large number of randomized, controlled trials will be required to provide additional evidence for this research.
RETRACTED: Effect of accelerated rehabilitation nursing programmes on surgical site wound infection in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Bei , Kou Xiao‐Ling 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate the effect of an accelerated rehabilitation nursing programme on the incidence of surgical site wound infections in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Relevant studies regarding the use of an accelerated rehabilitation nursing programme in laparoscopic cholecystectomy were retrieved from databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CNKI and Wanfang Database. The search was conducted from the inception of each database until June 2023. Two independent researchers performed the literature screening, data collection and quality assessment of the included studies. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used as the measures of effect. Statistical analysis was conducted using Stata 17.0, and a sensitivity analysis and publication bias evaluation were performed. A total of 21 studies involving 2480 patients (1179 in the intervention group and 1301 in the control group) were included. The meta‐analysis revealed that the incidence of surgical site wound infections in the intervention group was significantly lower than in the control group (1.18% vs. 5.99%, OR: 0.322, 95% CI: 0.168–0.556, p < 0.001). Current evidence suggests that implementing accelerated rehabilitation nursing programmes for patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy has a clinically significant effect, leading to a substantial reduction in the incidence of surgical site wound infections. However, owing to the low quality of some of the included studies, further high‐quality, multicentre, large‐sample randomised controlled trials are required to validate the conclusions of this study.