bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Financial institutions digital transformation: the stages of the journey and business metrics to follow
Authors: Papathomas Aristides , Konteos George 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper examines the stages of the digital transformational path that lies in front of incumbent banks in their conversion into digitally driven institutions and contributes by providing clarity in the parameters that define each stage and the key metrics to be tracked. It is a general review paper, with main tools employed the relevant scholar and grey literature & field observations. The paper identifies three phases for banking institutions’ digital transformation and proceeds with defining the characteristics of the phases and the distinct actions required for an institution to progress through them, employing a set of proposed key tracking indicators. The outcome adds to the, rather limited, academic literature on the subject and can be applied to all relevant banking institutions. Research needs further insides to articulate better the findings and expand them on a cross-examination of relevant theories and approaches. This paper aims at contributing to a growing, contemporary discussion, hopefully assisting in greater collaboration between practitioners and academics.
Antisemitism is predicted by anti-hierarchical aggression, totalitarianism, and belief in malevolent global conspiracies
Authors: Allington Daniel , Hirsh David , Katz Louise 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTwo cross-sectional studies were carried out in order to identify predictors of antisemitism, measured using the Generalised Antisemitism or GeAs scale. In the first, which used a self-selecting sample of UK-resident adults (n = 809), age, gender, ethnicity, and educational level as well as a wide range of ideological predictors were analysed as bivariate predictors of antisemitism. In the second, which used a representative sample of UK-resident adults (n = 1853), the same demographic predictors plus the non-demographic predictors found to have the strongest bivariate relationships with Generalised Antisemitism in the previous study were used to construct a linear model with multiple predictors. Ethnicity, support for totalitarian government, belief in malevolent global conspiracies, and anti-hierarchical aggression were identified as the strongest predictors of Generalised Antisemitism. However, support for totalitarian government was only found to predict ‘old’ antisemitic attitudes (measured using the Judeophobic Antisemitism or JpAs subscale) and not ‘new’ antisemitic attitudes (measured using the Antizionist Antisemitism or AzAs subscale), whereas ethnicity, anti-hierarchical aggression, and belief in malevolent global conspiracies were found to predict both ‘old’ and ‘new’ antisemitic attitudes. This finding adds nuance to ongoing debates about whether antisemitism is more prevalent on the political right or left, by suggesting that (at least in the UK) it is instead associated with a conspiracist view of the world, a desire to overturn the social order, and a preference for authoritarian forms of government—all of which may exist on the right, the left, and elsewhere. Data from both samples are open, as is the code used in order to carry out the analyses presented here.
An importance-performance analysis of teachers’ perception of STEM engineering design education
Authors: Chien Yu-Hung , Chang Fang-Yu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThere is an increasing worldwide trend toward the development of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education using engineering design (ED) practice. Considering that teachers play pivotal roles in terms of student interest in STEM subjects and careers, it is important to explore teachers’ perceptions of STEM-ED education. We analysed survey data from 184 technology teachers who participated in empowerment training (using a STEM-ED curriculum) in 2017, 2018, 2021, and 2022. We used an importance-performance analytical model to investigate the teachers’ perceptions of STEM-ED itself, its impact on students, and the challenges experienced during implementation. The results showed that various improvements were required for STEM-ED promotion and for the preparation of STEM-ED lessons. Analysis of variance revealed that the age groups taught and the number of weekly teaching hours significantly affected the teachers’ perceptions of STEM-ED. These findings will assist educational institutions worldwide in planning future education policies, designing teacher empowerment courses, and understanding teachers’ needs in efforts to improve STEM-ED.
High sensitivity HgTe room temperature terahertz photodetector
Authors: Zuo Xinrong , Zhu Chenwei , Yao Chenyu , Hu Zhen , Wu Yan , Fan Liuyan , Li Zhifeng , He Jun , Chen Xiaoshuang , Chen Pingping , Yuan Xiaoming , Wang Lin , Lu Wei 
Published: April 2023

The advent of topological semi-metals with peculiar band structure and exotic quantum-transport provides novel pathways for upgrading the performance of terahertz (THz) detection. HgTe is among such a candidate with the unique advantages of a negative bandgap, ultra-high mobility, and thermoelectricity, which ignites the possibility of addressing the technical bottlenecks of traditional routes for THz detection. Herein, for the first time, we report large-area (3 in.) growth of high-mobility HgTe thin-film via molecular-beam epitaxial and the implementation of bow-tie antennas based HgTe THz-detector with the abilities of ultrafast response, low noise, and high ambient-stability at room temperature. By exploration of strong light-coupling and superior hot-carrier transport, the bow-tie antenna-based HgTe photodetector can achieve a responsivity of 0.04 A/W and a noise equivalent power of less than 0.6 nW/Hz1/2 at 0.3 THz. Furthermore, the sensitivity can be further improved by nearly an order of magnitude up to 0.36 A/W at 0.3 THz by incorporating a short channel asymmetric cubic resonator. The reported performances allow a realistic exploration of high-mobility bulk states in topological semimetals for large area, fast-imaging applications in the THz band.
Experiment aversion does not appear to generalize
Authors: Mazar Nina , Elbaek Christian T. , Mitkidis Panagiotis 
Published: April 2023

Over the past decade, governments and organizations around the world have established behavioral insights teams advocating for randomized experiments. However, recent findings by M. N. Meyer
et al.
,
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
116
, 10723–10728 (2019) and P. R. Heck, C. F. Chabris, D. J. Watts, M. N. Meyer,
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
117
, 18948–18950 (2020) suggest that people often rate randomized experiments as less appropriate than the policies they contain even when approving the implementation of either policy untested and when none of the individual policies is clearly superior. The authors warn that this could cause policymakers to avoid running large-scale field experiments or being transparent about running them and might contribute to an adverse heterogeneity bias in terms of who is participating in experiments. In one direct and six conceptual preregistered replications (total
N
= 5,200) of the previously published larger-effect studies, using the same main dependent variable but with variations in scenario wordings, recruitment platforms, and countries, and the addition of further measures to assess people’s views, we test the generalizability and robustness of these findings. Together, we find that the original results do not appear to generalize. That is, our triangulation reveals insufficient evidence to conclude that people exhibit a common pattern of behavior that would be consistent with relative experiment aversion, thereby supporting recent findings by R. Mislavsky, B. Dietvorst, U. Simonsohn,
Mark. Sci.
39
, 1092–1104 (2020). Thus, policymakers may not need to be concerned about employing evidence-based practices more so than about universally implementing policies.
An SI3-σ arch stabilizes cyanobacteria transcription initiation complex
Authors: Shen Liqiang , Lai Giorgio , You Linlin , Shi Jing , Wu Xiaoxian , Puiu Maria , Gu Zhanxi , Feng Yu , Yuzenkova Yulia , Zhang Yu 
Published: April 2023

Multisubunit RNA polymerases (RNAPs) associate with initiation factors (σ in bacteria) to start transcription. The σ factors are responsible for recognizing and unwinding promoter DNA in all bacterial RNAPs. Here, we report two cryo-EM structures of cyanobacterial transcription initiation complexes at near-atomic resolutions. The structures show that cyanobacterial RNAP forms an “SI3-σ” arch interaction between domain 2 of σ
A
(σ
2
) and sequence insertion 3 (SI3) in the mobile catalytic domain Trigger Loop (TL). The “SI3-σ” arch facilitates transcription initiation from promoters of different classes through sealing the main cleft and thereby stabilizing the RNAP-promoter DNA open complex. Disruption of the “SI3-σ” arch disturbs cyanobacteria growth and stress response. Our study reports the structure of cyanobacterial RNAP and a unique mechanism for its transcription initiation. Our data suggest functional plasticity of SI3 and provide the foundation for further research into cyanobacterial and chloroplast transcription.
Ultra-high-efficiency capture of lead ions over acetylenic bond-rich graphdiyne adsorbent in aqueous solution
Authors: Xie Shuanglei , Pan Chuanqi , Yao Yuan , Yu Xianglin , Xu Ze , Yuan Weidong , Zhang Yi , Guo Ning , Li Xue , Mao Xuefei , Xiao Shengqiang , Li Junbo , Guo Yanbing 
Published: April 2023

A satisfactory material with high adsorption capacity is urgently needed to solve the serious problem of environment and human health caused by lead pollution. Herein, hydrogen-substituted graphdiyne (HsGDY) was successfully fabricated and employed to remove lead ions from sewage and lead-containing blood. The as-prepared HsGDY exhibits the highest adsorption capacity of lead among the reported materials with a maximum adsorption capacity of 2,390 mg/g, i.e., ~five times larger than that of graphdiyne (GDY). The distinguished hexagonal hole and stack mode of HsGDY allows the adsorption of more lead via its inner side adsorption mode in one single unit space. In addition, the Pb 6s and H 1s hybridization promotes the strong bonding of lead atom adsorbed at the acetylenic bond of HsGDY, contributing to the high adsorption capacity. HsGDY can be easily regenerated by acid treatment and showed excellent regeneration ability and reliability after six adsorption-regeneration cycles. Langmuir isotherm model, pseudo second order, and density functional theory (DFT) demonstrated that the lead adsorption process in HsGDY is monolayer chemisorption. Furthermore, the HsGDY-based portable filter can handle 1,000 μg/L lead-containing aqueous solution up to 1,000 mL, which is nearly 6.67 times that of commercial activated carbon particles. And, the HsGDY shows good biocompatibility and excellent removal efficiency to 100 μg/L blood lead, which is 1.7 times higher than that of GDY. These findings suggest that HsGDY could be a promising adsorbent for practical lead and other heavy metal removal.
Enhanced inhibition of MHC-I expression by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants
Authors: Moriyama Miyu , Lucas Carolina , Monteiro Valter Silva ,   Yale SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Surveillance Initiative, Iwasaki Akiko , Chen Nicholas , Breban Mallery , Hahn Anne M , Pham Kien , Koch Tobias R , Chaguza Chrispin , Tikhonova Irina , Castaldi Christopher , Mane Shrikant , De Kumar Bony , Ferguson David , Kerantzas Nicholas , Peaper David , Landry Marie L , Schulz Wade , Vogels Chantal BF , Grubaugh Nathan D 
Published: April 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOCs) possess mutations that confer resistance to neutralizing antibodies within the Spike protein and are associated with breakthrough infection and reinfection. By contrast, less is known about the escape from CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity by VOC. Here, we demonstrated that all SARS-CoV-2 VOCs possess the ability to suppress major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) expression. We identified several viral genes that contribute to the suppression of MHC I expression. Notably, MHC-I upregulation was strongly inhibited after SARS-CoV-2 but not influenza virus infection in vivo. While earlier VOCs possess similar capacity as the ancestral strain to suppress MHC-I, the Omicron subvariants exhibited a greater ability to suppress surface MHC-I expression. We identified a common mutation in the E protein of Omicron that further suppressed MHC-I expression. Collectively, our data suggest that in addition to escaping from neutralizing antibodies, the success of Omicron subvariants to cause breakthrough infection and reinfection may in part be due to its optimized evasion from T cell recognition.
Theory of an m × n apple surface network with special boundary
Authors: Tan Zhi-Zhong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
As is well known, any condition change in a network model will affect the research method and result. This paper studies an arbitrary m × n apple surface network with a pair of non-uniform boundary resistors, which is a complex network that has not been solved before. The research process of this paper consists of four strict basic steps according to RT-V theory. With the breakthrough of matrix transformation and eigenvector solution, two exact potential function formulae and two equivalent resistance formulae are derived. A series of applications and special cases are given to help readers understand the results. In particular, we have drawn eight visualized potential function images, which can intuitively understand the changing characteristics of potential function. The establishment of theoretical results provides a new theoretical basis for related interdisciplinary research.
Detection of TiO and VO in the Atmosphere of WASP-121b and Evidence For its Temporal Variation
Authors: Ouyang Qinglin , Wang Wei , Zhai Meng , Chen Guo , Rojo Patricio , Liu Yujuan , Zhao Fei , Huang Jia-Sheng , Zhao Gang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We report the transit observations of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-121b using the Goodman High Throughput Spectrograph at the 4 m ground-based Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope, covering the wavelength range 502–900 nm. By dividing the target and reference star into 19 spectroscopic passbands and applying differential spectrophotometry, we derive spectroscopic transit light curves and fit them using a Gaussian process framework to determine transit depths for every passband. The obtained optical transmission spectrum shows a steep increased slope toward the blue wavelength, which seems to be too steep to be accounted for by Rayleigh scattering alone. We note that the transmission spectrum from this work and other works differ obviously from each other, which was pointed out previously by Wilson et al. as evidence for temporal atmospheric variation. We perform a free chemistry retrieval analysis on the optical transmission spectra from this work and the literature HST/WFC3 NIR spectrum. We determine TiO, VO and H2O with abundances of

−

5.95

−
0.42

+
0.47

dex,

−

6.72

−
1.79

+
0.51

dex and

−

4.13

−
0.46

+
0.63

dex, respectively. We compare the abundances of all three of these molecules derived from this work and previous works, and find that they are not consistent with each other, indicating the chemical compositions of the terminator region may change over long timescales. Future multi-epoch and high-precision transit observations are required to further confirm this phenomenon. We note that when combining the transmission spectra in the optical and in NIR in retrieval analysis, the abundances of V and VO, the NIR-to-optical offset and the cloud deck pressure may be coupled with each other.
Extraction and Analysis of Coronal High-temperature Components Based on Outlier Detection
Authors: Sun Li-Yan , Ji Kai-Fan , Hong Jun-Chao , Liu Hui 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The extraction of high-temperature regions in active regions (ARs) is an important means to help understand the mechanism of coronal heating. The important observational means of high-temperature radiation in ARs is the main emission line of Fe xviii in the 94 Å of the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly. However, the diagnostic algorithms for Fe xviii, including the differential emission measure (DEM) and linear diagnostics proposed by Del based on the DEM, have been greatly limited for a long time, and the results obtained are different from the predictions. In this paper, we use the outlier detection method to establish the nonlinear correlation between 94 Å and 171, 193, 211 Å based on the former researches by others. A neural network based on 171, 193, 211 Å is constructed to replace the low-temperature emission lines in the ARs of 94 Å. The predicted results are regarded as the low-temperature components of 94 Å, and then the predicted results are subtracted from 94 Å to obtain the outlier component of 94 Å, or Fe xviii. Then, the outlier components obtained by neural network are compared with the Fe xviii obtained by DEM and Del’s method, and a high similarity is found, which proves the reliability of neural network to obtain the high-temperature components of ARs, but there are still many differences. In order to analyze the differences between the Fe xviii obtained by the three methods, we subtract the Fe xviii obtained by the DEM and Del’s method from the Fe xviii obtained by the neural network to obtain the residual value, and compare it with the results of Fe xiv in the temperature range of 6.1–6.45 MK. It is found that there is a great similarity, which also shows that the Fe xviii obtained by DEM and Del’s method still has a large low-temperature component dominated by Fe xiv, and the Fe xviii obtained by neural network is relatively pure.
The magnetic field design of a solenoid for the cold-cathode Penning ion source of a miniature neutron tube
Authors: JIA Shaolei , LU Zhaohu , LI Guanghao , CHEN Siyuan , CAO Yingying , SUN Pingwei , JIANG Shangrui , XU Hailong , JING Shiwei 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A high-yield and beam-stable neutron tube can be applied in many fields. It is of great significance to the optimal external magnetic field intensity of the cold-cathode Penning ion source (PIS) and precisely controls the movement of deuterium (D), tritium (T) ions and electrons in the source of the neutron tubes. A cold-cathode PIS is designed based on the solenoidal magnetic field to obtain better uniformity of the magnetic field and higher yield of the neutron tube. The degree of magnetic field uniformity among the magnetic block, double magnetic rings and solenoidal ion sources is compared using finite element simulation methods. Using drift diffusion approximation and a magnetic field coupling method, the plasma distribution of hydrogen and the relationship between plasma density and magnetic field intensity at 0.06 Pa pressure and a solenoid magnetic field are obtained. The results show that the solenoidal ion source has the most uniform magnetic field distribution. The optimum magnetic field strength of about 0.1 T is obtained in the ion source at an excitation voltage of 1 V. The maximum average number density of monatomic hydrogen ions (H+) is 1 × 108 m−3, and an ion-beam current of about 14.51 μA is formed under the −5000 V extraction field. The study of the solenoidal magnetic field contributes to the understanding of the particle dynamics within the PIS and provides a reference for the further improvement of the source performance of the neutron tube in the future.
Toeplitz separability, entanglement, and complete positivity using operator system duality
Authors: Farenick Douglas , McBurney Michelle 
Published: April 2023

A new proof is presented of a theorem of L. Gurvits [LANL Unclassified Technical Report (2001), LAUR–01–2030], which states that the cone of positive block-Toeplitz matrices with matrix entries has no entangled elements. The proof of the Gurvits separation theorem is achieved by making use of the structure of the operator system dual of the operator system

C
(

S
1

)

(
n
)

C(S^1)^{(n)}

of

n
×
n

n\times n

Toeplitz matrices over the complex field, and by determining precisely the structure of the generators of the extremal rays of the positive cones of the operator systems

C
(

S
1

)

(
n
)

⊗

min

B

(

H

)

C(S^1)^{(n)}\otimes _{\text {min}}\mathcal {B}(\mathcal {H})

and

C
(

S
1

)

(
n
)

⊗

min

B

(

H

)

C(S^1)_{(n)}\otimes _{\text {min}}\mathcal {B}(\mathcal {H})

, where

H

\mathcal {H}

is an arbitrary Hilbert space and

C
(

S
1

)

(
n
)

C(S^1)_{(n)}

is the operator system dual of

C
(

S
1

)

(
n
)

C(S^1)^{(n)}

. Our approach also has the advantage of providing some new information concerning positive Toeplitz matrices whose entries are from

B

(

H

)

\mathcal {B}(\mathcal {H})

when

H

\mathcal {H}

has infinite dimension. In particular, we prove that normal positive linear maps

ψ
\psi

on

B

(

H

)

\mathcal {B}(\mathcal {H})

are partially completely positive in the sense that

ψ

(
n
)

(
x
)

\psi ^{(n)}(x)

is positive whenever

x
x

is a positive

n
×
n

n\times n

Toeplitz matrix with entries from

B

(

H

)

\mathcal {B}(\mathcal {H})

. We also establish a certain factorisation theorem for positive Toeplitz matrices (of operators), showing an equivalence between the Gurvits approach to separation and an earlier approach of T. Ando [Acta Sci. Math. (Szeged) 31 (1970), pp. 319–334] to universality.
Dynamic variation of nutrient absorption, metabolomic and transcriptomic indexes of soybean (Glycine max) seedlings under phosphorus deficiency
Authors: Li Mingxia , Zhou Ji , Liu Qi , Mao Lili , Li Haoru , Li Shuying , Guo Rui 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The dynamic trajectory of metabolites and gene expression related to phosphorus absorption and utilization in soybean seedling roots were determined under short- and long-term phosphorus deficiency stress. The metabolome results showed that TCA and GS/GOGAT cycles were enhanced after 2 days of phosphorus deficiency stress; however, they were inhibited after 15 days. GC-TOF-MS showed that phosphorus deficiency increased the accumulation of amino acids significantly after 2 days, whereas organic acids and lipid substances increased significantly after 15 days. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed that transcriptional levels of five key genes related to phosphorus activation and phosphorus starvation signal transduction increased continuously with phosphorus deficiency. The expression of GmPHT1 and GmSPX triggered the phosphorus starvation signal pathway and induced the expression of the GmPS and GmPAP genes to enhance the synthesis and secretion of organophosphorus hydrolase and organic acid in soybean roots under phosphorus deficiency. The phospholipid metabolism was enhanced significantly after 15 days of stress and when GmSQD, a crucial enzyme in lipid biosynthesis, was up-regulated. Thus, we propose that future investigations on stress caused by phosphorus deficiency should include more organs obtained at different developmental stages.