bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local field potentials in major depressive and obsessive-compulsive disorder: a frequency-based review
Authors: Zhang Wei , Xiong Botao , Wu Yang , Xiao Linglong , Wang Wei 
Published: April 2023

ObjectivesThe purpose of this paper is to provide a mini-review covering the recent progress in human and animal studies on local field potentials (LFPs) of major depressive disorder (MDD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).Materials and methodsPubMed and EMBASE were searched to identify related studies. Inclusion criteria were (1) reported the LFPs on OCD or MDD, (2) published in English, and (3) human or animal studies. Exclusion criteria were (1) review or meta-analysis or other literature types without original data and (2) conference abstract without full text. Descriptive synthesis of data was performed.ResultsEight studies on LFPs of OCD containing 22 patients and 32 rats were included: seven were observational studies with no controls, and one animal study included a randomized and controlled phase. Ten studies on LFPs of MDD containing 71 patients and 52 rats were included: seven were observational studies with no controls, one study with control, and two animal studies included a randomized and controlled phase.ConclusionThe available studies revealed that different frequency bands were associated with specific symptoms. Low frequency activity seemed to be closely related to OCD symptoms, whereas LFPs findings in patients with MDD were more complicated. However, limitations of recent studies restrict the drawing of definite conclusions. Combined with other measures such as Electroencephalogram, Electrocorticography, or Magnetoencephalography and long-term recordings in various physiological states (rest state, sleep state, task state) could help to improve the understanding of potential mechanisms.
COVID-19 pandemic-related depression and anxiety under lockdown: The chain mediating effect of self-efficacy and perceived stress
Authors: Sun Luna , Wang Xiaoran , Hong Yi , Li Chaoran , Zeng Wenfeng , Liu Peng , Xiong Yani , Chen Yanping , Lian Yongjie , Wang Yunxia 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveIn early March 2022, the highly contagious Omicron variant rapidly emerged in Shanghai. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and associated factors of depression and anxiety in isolated or quarantined populations under lockdown.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted between May 12 and 25, 2022. The depressive and anxiety symptoms, perceived stress, self-efficacy and perceived social support in the 167 participants under isolated or quarantined were examined using the Patient Health Questionnaires-9 (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10), the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) and the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS). Data on demographic information were also collected.FindingsThe prevalence of depression and anxiety in isolated or quarantined populations was estimated to be 12 and 10.8%, respectively. Higher education level, being healthcare workers, being infected, longer duration of segregation and higher perceived stress level were identified as risk factors for depression and anxiety. Furthermore, the relationship between perceived social support and depression (anxiety) was mediated not only by perceived stress but also the chain of self-efficacy and perceived stress.ConclusionBeing infected, higher education level, longer duration of segregation and higher perceived stress were associated with higher levels of depression and anxiety among isolated or quarantined populations under lockdown. The formulation of psychological strategies that promote one’s perceived social support and self-efficacy as well as reduce perceived stress is supposed to be drawn.
Effects of risk exposure on emotional distress among Chinese adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: The moderating role of disruption of life and perceived controllability
Authors: Xiong Xinyan , Hu Rita Xiaochen , Chen Chuanfang , Ning Wenyuan 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundCOVID-19 affects not only the physical health of individuals but also their mental health and different types of risk exposures are believed to have different effects on individual emotional distress.ObjectiveThis study explores the relationships between risk exposure, disruption of life, perceived controllability, and emotional distress among Chinese adults during the COVID-19 outbreak.MethodsThis study is based on an online survey conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, from 1 to 10 February 2020, with a total of 2,993 Chinese respondents recruited through convenience and snowball sampling. Multiple linear regression analysis were used to examine the relationships among risk exposure, disruption of life, perceived controllability, and emotional distress.ResultsThis study found that all types of risk exposures were significantly associated with emotional distress. Individuals with neighborhood infection, family member infection/close contact, and self-infection/close contact had higher levels of emotional distress (B = 0.551, 95% CI: −0.019, 1.121; B = 2.161, 95% CI: 1.067, 3.255; B = 3.240, 95% CI: 2.351, 4.129) than those without exposure. The highest levels of emotional distress occurred among individuals experiencing self-infection/close contact, while the lowest levels of emotional distress occurred among individuals experiencing neighborhood infection and the moderate levels of emotional distress occurred among individuals experiencing family member infection (Beta = 0.137; Beta = 0.073; Beta = 0.036). Notably, the disruption of life aggravated the effect of self-infection/close contact on emotional distress and family member infection/close contact on emotional distress (B = 0.217, 95% CI: 0.036, 0.398; B = 0.205, 95% CI: 0.017, 0.393). More importantly, perceived controllability lowered the strength of the association between self-infection/close contact and emotional distress, as well as family member infection/close contact and emotional distress (B = −0.180, 95% CI: −0.362, 0.002; B = −0.187, 95% CI: −0.404, 0.030).ConclusionThese findings shed light on mental health interventions for people exposed to or infected with COVID-19 near the beginning of the pandemic, particularly those who themselves had COVID or had family members with COVID-19 risk exposure, including being infected/having close contact with an infected person. We call for appropriate measures to screen out individuals or families whose lives were, or remain, more severely affected by COVID-19. We advocate providing individuals with material support and online mindfulness-based interventions to help them cope with the after-effects of COVID-19. It is also essential to enhance the public’s perception of controllability with the help of online psychological intervention strategies, such as mindfulness-based stress reduction programs and mindfulness-oriented meditation training programs.
Case report: Endoscopic frontal sinus opening surgery for noninflammatory frontal sinus headache: A short case series
Authors: Xie Yan , Wu Shiqi , Cui Wanling , Zeng Dandi , Chen Feifei , Liang Fangqi , Lu Rongrong , Zhang Chenyu , Jiang Luyun 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveThe objectives of this study were to analyze rhinogenic headache, i.e., noninflammatory frontal sinus headache, a headache caused by bony obstruction of the frontal sinus drainage channels that receives relatively insufficient attention clinically, and to propose endoscopic frontal sinus opening surgery as a treatment based on the etiology.Study DesignCase series.SettingFrom the data of patients with noninflammatory frontal sinus headache who underwent endoscopic frontal sinus surgery in Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine during 2016–2021, data for three cases with detailed postoperative follow-up data were extracted for case series reports.MethodsThis report provides detailed information on three patients with noninflammatory frontal sinusitis headache. Treatment options include surgery and rechecking, with the visual analogue scale (VAS) scores of preoperative and postoperative symptoms, CT, and endoscopic images. Three patients had common characteristics: the clinical manifestations were recurrent or persistent with pain and discomfort in the forehead area, but there was no nasal obstruction or runny nose; the paranasal sinus CT revealed no signs of inflammation in the sinuses but suggested bony obstruction of the drainage channel of the frontal sinus.ResultsAll three patients had recovery from headache, nasal mucosal recovery, and patent frontal sinus drainage. The recurrence rate of forehead tightness and discomfort or pain was 0.ConclusionNoninflammatory frontal sinus headache does exist. Endoscopic frontal sinus opening surgery is a feasible treatment modality that can largely or even completely eliminate the stuffy swelling and pain in the forehead. The diagnosis and surgical indications for this disease are based on a combination of anatomical abnormalities and clinical symptoms.
Production of the Cellulase Enzyme System by Locally Isolated Trichoderma and Aspergillus Species Cultivated on Banana Pseudostem during Solid-State Fermentation
Authors: Legodi Lesetja Moraba , La Grange Danie C. , van Rensburg Elbert L. Jansen 
Published: April 2023

The production cost of cellulases is regarded as a limiting factor in the cellulosic ethanol production chain. Trichoderma and Aspergillus species were used to produce cellulases through solid-state fermentation (SSF) utilizing banana pseudostem (BPS) as a carbon source. The production of cellulases was investigated at various substrate moisture contents (65–80%), incubation temperatures (30–40 °C), substrate pre-treatment methods (3% w/v NaOH, 5% v/v H2SO4, and water), and with different co-culturing of microorganisms. Trichoderma longibrachiatum LMLSAUL 14-1 produced the maximum total cellulase (75 FPU/g d.s), endoglucanase (11.35 U/g d.s), and β-glucosidase (235.83 U/g d.s) activities at a 75% moisture content of the untreated BPS at 30 °C in static culture. Pre-treatment of BPS improved the production of specific enzymes. Aspergillus fumigatus LMLPS 13-4 produced more β-glucosidase (259.8 U/g d.s) when grown on acid-pre-treated BPS, whereas T. harzianum LMLBP07 13-5 produced the highest β-glucosidase activity (319.5 U/g d.s) on alkali-pre-treated BPS. Co-culturing of T. harzianum LMLBP07 13-5 and A. fumigatus LMLPS 13-4 improved the production of endoglucanase. These results suggest that banana pseudostem, a waste product of the banana industry, could be a potentially cheaper and abundant substrate for the production of the cellulase enzymes.
A Facile Synthesis and Molecular Characterization of Certain New Anti-Proliferative Indole-Based Chemical Entities
Authors: Al-Wabli Reem I. , Issa Iman S. , Al-mutairi Maha S. , Almomen Aliyah A. , Attia Mohamed I. 
Published: April 2023

Cancer cells frequently develop drug resistance, which leads to chemotherapeutic treatment failure. Additionally, chemotherapies are hindered by their high toxicity. Therefore, the development of new chemotherapeutic drugs with improved clinical outcomes and low toxicity is a major priority. Several indole derivatives exhibit distinctive anti-cancer mechanisms which have been associated with various molecular targets. In this study, target compounds 4a–q were obtained through the reaction of substituted benzyl chloride with hydrazine hydrate, which produces benzyl hydrazine. Subsequently, the appropriate substituted benzyl hydrazine was allowed to react with 1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid or 5-methoxy-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide as a coupling agent. All compounds exhibited cytotoxicity in three cell lines, namely, MCF-7, A549, and HCT. Compound 4e exhibited the highest cytotoxicity, with an average IC50 of 2 µM. Moreover, a flow cytometry study revealed a significantly increased prevalence of Annexin-V and 7-AAD positive cell populations. Several derivatives of 4a–q showed moderate to high cytotoxicity against the tested cell lines, with compound 4e having the highest cytotoxicity, indicating that it may possess potential apoptosis-inducing capabilities.
The accuracy of clinical diagnosis of onychomycosis in Dutch general practice: a diagnostic accuracy study
Authors: Watjer Roeland M , Bonten Tobias N , Arkesteijn Maikel AHM , Quint Koen D , van der Beek Martha T , van der Raaij-Helmer Liesbeth MH , Numans Mattijs E , Eekhof Just AH 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundOnychomycosis, the most common cause of nail dystrophy, is generally diagnosed by clinical examination. Current guidelines for Dutch general practice advise confirmatory testing only in cases of doubt or insufficient response to treatment. However, making a correct diagnosis can be challenging given the wide variety of clinical features and differential diagnosis.AimTo establish accuracy of clinical diagnosis of onychomycosis by GPs.Design & settingA diagnostic accuracy study based on GPs' clinical diagnosis of primary care patients suspected of onychomycosis.MethodUsing 137 complete datasets from the Onycho Trial, diagnostic accuracy of clinical diagnosis as the index test was compared with confirmatory testing as the reference test. A sensitivity analysis was performed to determine diagnostic values for different combinations of index and reference test. Logistical regression was used to assess which clinical characteristics were associated with the positive predictive value (PPV) of the index test.ResultsClinical accuracy, that is the PPV of the index test, was 74.5%. Sensitivity analysis showed no significant difference in diagnostic values. Male sex and a history of any previous treatment significantly increased clinical accuracy with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.873 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.230 to 12.195,P= 0.021) and OR 4.022 (95% CI = 1.075 to 15.040,P= 0.039), respectively.ConclusionThe study demonstrated that the GPs' clinical diagnosis of onychomycosis was insufficiently accurate to initiate treatment without confirmatory testing. Further research is needed to investigate how to increase clinical accuracy and reduce potentially unnecessary exposure to treatment.
Relationship between Corporate Governance and Firm Valuation in Nepal
Authors: Acharya Rameshwar 
Published: April 2023

In the context of growing corporate financial scandals and misconduct, the purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between various internal corporate governance measures and corporate valuation (Tobin Q) in Nepal. The study is descriptive and analytical in nature. Causal comparative research design especially multivariate regression models have been used. The method of estimation is Ordinary Least Square (OLS). Board size and independence, CEO duality and existence of audit committee as corporate governance variables and Tobin Q as performance variable for the valuation measure of 54 listed Nepalese firms over the period 2018/19 and 2019/20 have been used in the analysis. Result supports governance performance hypothesis. It shows a significant positive relationship between board size and firm value (Tobin Q). The study establishes the positive impact of CEO duality on firm valuation and concludes that independent directors are unable to play role in value creation. Finally, the role of audit committee is not significant in creating value. These results provide insights on the current regulatory provisions. The findings raise the questions over the role of our expert directors and audit committee. The need of larger board size has been established. Therefore, current regulations with respect to board size and independence; and CEO duality and audit committee need to be reassessed. Though few studies have examined role of corporate governance measures in corporate performance and valuation in Nepalese context, this study is new in its type in investigating the governance performance relationship taking recent dataset of Tobin Q as valuation measure. However, the study is based on limited internal corporate governance variables from a small sample size for only two year’s data set. Hence, generalization should be made cautiously.
Tetanus in an Unvaccinated Child: a Clinical Case
Authors: Сергиенко Е.Н. , Романова О.Н. , Астапов А.А. , Ключарева А.А. , Федорова И.В. , Стрижак М.И. , Лисицкая Т.И. , Шедиков О.Ф. , Кашкан А.М. 
Published: April 2023

Несмотря на усилия Всемирной организации здравоохранения и правительств развивающихся стран, столбняк по-прежнему остается глобальной проблемой здравоохранения. Столбняк – острая инфекционная болезнь, поражающая периферическую и центральную нервные системы, протекает с гипертонусом скелетной мускулатуры и клонико-тоническими судорогами. Столбняк имеет высокие показатели смертности, по миру в целом около 50%, у нелеченых взрослых – от 15% до 60%, у новорожденных, независимо от лечения, – до 90%. Благоприятность исхода определяется скоростью обращения за медицинской помощью. В данной статье мы приводим клинический случай столбняка у 8-летнего ребенка, который не был вакцинирован из-за отказа родителей по религиозным убеждениям.
Despite the worldwide attention of the World Health Organization and European governments, tetanus continues to be a global health problem. Tetanus is an acute infectious disease that affects the peripheral and central nervous systems, is associated with hypertonicity of the skeletal muscles and clonic-tonic tendons. Tetanus has a high mortality rate, around 50% worldwide. In untreated adults – from 15% to 60%, in newborns, regardless of treatment, up to 90%. Favorability of the outcome of the decision of the speed of seeking medical help. In this article, we present a clinical case of tetanus in an 8-year-old child who was not vaccinated due to the refusal of parents by religious beliefs.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI KONSUMEN TERHADAP PRODUK KOSMETIK YANG MENGANDUNG BAHAN BERBAHAYA DALAM JUAL BELI ONLINE (E-COMMERCE)
Authors: Fauzela Dian Sera 
Published: April 2023

Keinginan dasar manusia untuk tampil menarik menyebabkan industri kosmetik terus berkembang. Perkembangan industri kosmetik semakin pesat dengan adanya media internet yang menghadirkan jual beli online (e-commerce). Kondisi ini dimanfaatkan oleh oknum-oknum tertentu yang ingin memperoleh keuntungan lebih besar dengan cara menjual produk kosmetik yang mengandung bahan berbahaya melalui upaya jual beli online (e-commerce). Adapun tujuan penulisan jurnal ilmiah adalah untuk memahami perlindungan hukum pada konsumen terhadap keberadaan kosmetik yang mengandung bahan berbahaya dalam transaksi jual beli online (e-commerce), faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi masyarakat membeli kosmetik menggunakan jasa jual beli online serta faktor yang mempengaruhi peredaran kosmetik berbahaya di masyarakat. Metode yang dipakai pada penelitian ini adalah metode hukum normatif. Hasil yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini adalah adanya proses perizinan dan penegakan hukum yang dilakukan pemerintah untuk memcegah keberadaan kosmetik yang mengandung bahan berbahaya. Untuk faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi masyarakat membeli kosmetik menggunakan jasa jual beli online (e-commerce) adalah lebih hemat waktu dan tenaga, kemudahan dalam transaksi, kelengkapan informasi, perbandingan harga dan keberadaan produk yang tersedia setiap saat. Sedangkan faktor yang mempengaruhi peredaran kosmetik berbahaya di masyarakat adalah rendahnya tingkat pendidikan masyarakat, masyarakat yang mudah tergiur akan harga murah serta pola fikir masyarakat yang menyukai hasil instan.
PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI GURU MEMBANGUN BUDAYA LITERASI MELALUI PEMBINAAN PROFESIONAL DENGAN PENDEKATAN KOOPERATIF DI SMAN 1 JATI AGUNG KAB. LAMPUNG SELATAN SEMESTER 1 TAHUN PELAJARAN 2022/2022.
Authors: M.Pd. Noveira 
Published: April 2023

Penelitian tentang peningkatan peningkatan kompetensi guru dalam membangun budaya literasi melalui kegiatan pembinaan profesional dengan pendekatan kooperatif di SMAN 1 Jati Agung Kab. Lampung Selatan pada semester 1 tahun pelajaran 2022/2023. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan (action research) dengan 4 tahapan, yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 15 guru SMAN 1 Jati Agung Semester 1 Tahun Pelajaran 2022/2023. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan kegiatan observasi dan dokumentasi. Validasi data menggunakan teknik triangaluasi. Analisis data menggunakan teknik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan kemampuan guru dalam pengembangan silabus dan perencanaan pelaksanaan pembelajaran meningkat yakni dari nilai rata-rata dari 50,17 dengan kriteria nilai kurang pada kondisi awal, menjadi 69,92 kriteria nilai cukup pada siklus pertama dan menjadi 87,83 kriteria nilai sangat baik pada siklus kedua. Adapun penjelasan ketuntasan secara individual pada kondisi awal belum ada guru yang dinyatakan tuntas, meningkat menjadi 8 guru (53,33%) pada siklus pertama, dan 15 guru (100%) pada siklus kedua. Kesimpulannya adalah kegiatan pembinaan profesional dengan pendekatan kooperatif terbukti dapat meningkatkan peningkatan kompetensi guru dalam membangun budaya literasi di SMAN 1 Jati Agung pada semester 1 tahun pelajaran 2022/2023.
Atomic layer etching of silicon nitride film by oxygen gas cluster ion beam with acetylacetone
Authors: Takeuchi Masaya , Fujiwara Reki , Toyoda Noriaki 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The atomic layer etching (ALE) of silicon nitride (SiN
x
) film was demonstrated using an oxygen gas cluster ion beam (O2-GCIB) with acetylacetone (Hacac) as the adsorption gas. A GCIB is a beam of aggregates of several thousand atoms, and it enables high energy density irradiation with little damage. In this study, we characterized the ALE to reveal the etching mechanism. The XPS results indicated the following etching process: (i) O2-GCIB irradiation oxidizes the surface of SiN
x
film; (ii) the oxynitride layer reacts with Hacac vapor; (iii) the reaction layer is removed by the GCIB. The ALE can be executed by the sequential repetition of the processes (i) to (iii). This technique enables highly accurate control of thickness of SiN
x
film with little irradiation damage.
Formation and characterization of ZnS and CdZnS films using open-air chemical vapor deposition for buffer layers of compound semiconductor solar cells
Authors: Kurimoto Yuji , Kobayashi Daiki , Asou Naoki , Okamoto Tamotsu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
ZnS and CdZnS (a mixed crystal phase of ZnS and CdS) were formed using the open-air CVD method. Cadmium diethyldithiocarbamate (C10H20CdN2S4) and zinc diethyldithiocarbamate (C10H20ZnN2S4) were used as the source materials for CdS and ZnS, respectively. By changing the ratio of source materials, it was found that the bandgap and the lattice constant of the CdZnS film were continuously changing without a miscibility gap. Furthermore, the bandgap of the obtained ZnS films was less than the reported bandgap of ZnS (3.68 eV) due to incorporation of oxygen. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the increase of Zn in CdZnS film generated a crystalline disorder. When the substrate temperature was changed from 421 °C to 464 °C, the deposition rate increased fourfold for the CdS and ZnS films. The impact of substrate temperature on the bandgap and lattice constant was found to be less pronounced.