bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Longer Family Meals on Children’s Fruit and Vegetable Intake
Authors: Dallacker Mattea , Knobl Vanessa , Hertwig Ralph , Mata Jutta 
Published: April 2023

ImportanceFamily meals are a formative learning environment that shapes children’s food choices and preferences. As such, they are an ideal setting for efforts to improve children’s nutritional health.ObjectiveTo examine the effect of extending the duration of family meals on the fruit and vegetable intake in children.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis randomized clinical trial used a within-dyad manipulation design and was conducted from November 8, 2016, to May 5, 2017, in a family meal laboratory in Berlin, Germany. Included in the trial were children aged 6 to 11 years who did not follow a special diet or have food allergies and adult parents who served as the nutritional gatekeeper in the household (ie, the family member responsible for at least half of the food planning and preparation). All participants underwent 2 conditions: control, defined as regular family mealtime duration, and intervention, defined as 50% longer mealtime duration (10 minutes longer on average). Participants were randomized to the condition they would complete first. Statistical analyses of the full sample were conducted between June 2 and October 30, 2022.InterventionsParticipants had 2 free evening meals under different conditions. In the control or regular condition, each dyad ate in the same amount of time as their reported regular mealtime duration. In the intervention or longer condition, each dyad had 50% more time to eat than their reported regular mealtime duration.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the number of pieces of fruits and vegetables eaten by the child during a meal.ResultsA total of 50 parent-child dyads participated in the trial. Parents had a mean (range) age of 43 (28-55 years) years and were predominantly mothers (36 [72%]). Children had a mean (range) age of 8 (6-11) years and included an equal number of girls and boys (25 [50%]). Children ate significantly more pieces of fruits (t49 = 2.36, P = .01; mean difference [MD], 3.32 [95% CI, 0.96 to ∞]; Cohen d = 0.33) and vegetables (t49 = 3.66, P &amp;lt; .001; MD, 4.05 [95% CI, 2.19 to ∞]; Cohen d = 0.52) in the longer condition than in the regular mealtime duration condition. Consumption of bread and cold cuts did not significantly differ between conditions. The children’s eating rate (bites per minute over the regular mealtime duration) was significantly lower in the longer than in the regular condition (t49 = −7.60, P &amp;lt; .001; MD, −0.72 [95% CI, −0.56 to ∞]; Cohen d = 1.08). Children reported significantly higher satiety after the longer condition (V = 36.5, P &amp;lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceResults of this randomized clinical trial suggest that the simple, low-threshold intervention of increasing family mealtime duration by approximately 10 minutes can improve the quality of children’s diet and eating behavior. The findings underscore the potential for such an intervention to improve public health.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03127579
Implementation of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Gender-Affirming Care Worldwide
Authors: Kamran Rakhshan , Jackman Liam , Chan Cynthia , Suk Yujin , Jacklin Chloe , Deck Eve , Wietek Nina , Stepney Melissa , Harrison Conrad , Jain Abhilash , Rodrigues Jeremy 
Published: April 2023

ImportanceGender-affirming care is a key clinical area that can benefit from implementation of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). Identifying barriers to and enablers of PROM implementation is needed to develop an evidence-based implementation strategy.ObjectiveTo identify (1) PROMs previously implemented for gender-affirming care and constructs measured, (2) how patients completed PROMs and how results were reported and used, and (3) barriers to and enablers of PROM implementation.Evidence ReviewIn this systematic review, PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched from inception to October 25, 2021, and updated on December 16, 2022. Gray literature was searched through gray literature database, online search engine, and targeted website searching. Inclusion criteria were (1) original articles of (2) a formally developed PROM or ad hoc instrument administered for gender-affirming care to (3) patients accessing gender-affirming care. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool was used to evaluate quality of included studies. This review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021233080).FindingsIn total, 286 studies were included, representing 85 395 transgender and nonbinary patients from more than 30 countries. A total of 205 different PROMs were used in gender-affirming care. No studies described using an implementation science theory, model, or framework to support PROM deployment. Key barriers to PROM implementation included issues with evidence strength and quality of the PROM, engaging participants, and PROM complexity. Key enablers of PROM implementation included using PROMs validated for gender-affirming care, implementing PROMs able to be deployed online or in person, implementing PROMs that are shorter and reduce patient burden, engaging key stakeholders and participants as part of developing an implementation plan, and organizational climate.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this systematic review of barriers to and enablers of PROM implementation in gender-affirming care, PROM implementation was inconsistent and did not follow evidence-based approaches in implementation science. There was also a lack of patient input in creating implementation strategies, suggesting a need for patient-centered approaches to PROM implementation. Frameworks created from these results can be used to develop evidence-based PROM implementation initiatives for gender-affirming care and have potential generalizability for other clinical areas interested in implementing PROMs.
Growth Mechanism of Thermally Evaporated γ‐CsPbI3 Film
Authors: Dong Chong , Liu Dayu , Wang Liang , Li Kanghua , Yang Xuke , Li Zhe , Song Haisheng , Xu Ling , Chen Chao , Tang Jiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCesium lead triiodide (CsPbI3) inorganic perovskite possesses excellent thermal stability and matched bandgap for silicon‐based tandem photovoltaics. The solution method with high‐temperature annealing process for CsPbI3 film preparation creates challenges to scalable application and conformal growth on the textured silicon. Although additives can decrease the annealing temperature, it will introduce undesired organic components and increase material cost. Thermal co‐evaporation for CsPbI3 has intrinsic advantages to overcome these issues, but the vague growth mechanism impedes the photovoltaic device development. In this study, γ‐CsPbI3 films are directly obtained through co‐evaporation at 50 °C without any additives or high‐temperature post‐annealing. Focusing on the molecular thermodynamic calculations, it is proposed that the unique kinetic energy of evaporated molecules and the in‐situ substrate thermal energy synergistically provide the energy prerequisite for γ‐CsPbI3 formation. Furthermore, the γ phase stabilization is clarified by the crystal grain size effect with regard to the Gibbs free energy difference between the γ and δ phases, which is adjusted through substrate temperature and evaporation rate. The obtained p‐i‐n device realizes an efficiency of 12.75%, which is the highest value for the thermally evaporated γ‐CsPbI3 photovoltaics at low temperature without additives. This study deepens the understanding of thermal evaporation process, benefiting to high‐performance CsPbI3‐textured silicon tandem photovoltaics.
Antibiotic‐Derived Carbon‐Nanodot‐Decorated Hydrogel for Reactive Oxygen Species‐Enhanced Anti‐Infection Through Biofilm Damage
Authors: Wang Zekun , Zhang Pu , Yin Chenyang , Li Yuqing , Liao Ziyu , Yang Chenhao , Liu Hang , Wang Weiyun , Fan Cundong , Sun Dongdong , Cheng Liang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIrreversible bacterial resistance and impenetrable biofilms have rendered conventional antibiotic therapy ineffective. Nevertheless, increasing evidence has confirmed that antibiotic carbon nanodots (CDs) exhibit potent antibacterial activity. However, the complex chemical composition of antibiotic CDs, and, hence, their antibacterial mechanism, is difficult to understand. The design of new antibiotic CDs against antibacterial resistance is an urgent requirement.In this study, kanamycin‐sulfate‐derived carbon nanodots (KCDs) are found to exhibit significant antibacterial potential with the assistance of light irradiation. Systematic analysis indicates that KCDs not only retain the active structure of kanamycin but also produce five new components modified on its surface, which are shown to inhibit the activity of Staphylococcus aureus beta‐ketoacyl‐acp synthase III (FabH) through molecular docking. Furthermore, the multifunctional hydrogels (CG‐KCDs) self‐assemble into injectable, self‐healing, and antibiofilm structures through noncovalent forces between the KCDs and cationic guar gum (CG). The results indicate that under laser, CG‐KCDs irradiation exhibits enhanced antibacterial activity in vitro by damaging bacterial biofilms in a reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐dependent manner, as determined by transcriptomics. Further, the therapeutic effects of CG‐KCDs hydrogel dressings on wound healing and tissue remodeling under laser are confirmed using an in vivo wound infection model. These results validate the potential of KCDs as efficient antibacterial agents to replace antibiotics as an anti‐infective strategy.
Ultra‐High Capacity and Cyclability of β‐phase Ca0.14V2O5as a Promising Cathode in Calcium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Richard Prabakar Samuel Jayaraj , Ikhe Amol Bhairuba , Park Woon‐Bae , Ahn Docheon , Sohn Kee‐Sun , Pyo Myoungho 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCrystalline water‐free β‐phase Ca0.14V2O5is reported for the first time as a viable cathode material for calcium‐ion batteries (CIBs). In contrast to layered α‐V2O5and δ‐CaxV2O5·nH2O, which have limited capacity, the β‐phase delivers a reversible capacity of ≈247 mAh g−1, which corresponds to the insertion/extraction of Ca2+between Ca0.14V2O5and Ca1.0V2O5. The process of Ca2+insertion process and the accompanying structural relaxation are theoretically and experimentally verified. The initial insertion of Ca2+into Ca0.14V2O5causes a slight shift of oxygen atoms surrounding hepta‐coordination sites, creating penta‐coordinated sites that are then partially filled up to Ca0.33V2O5. Further insertion occurs through the stepwise occupation of up to 50% of neighboring hexa‐ and tetra‐coordination sites to form Ca0.67V2O5and Ca1.0V2O5, respectively. The rearrangement of oxygen atoms in Ca0.14V2O5also minimizes dimensional changes, leading to high cyclic stability during repeated charge/discharge cycles. The remarkable electrochemical performance of full cells containing a Ca0.14V2O5cathode and a K metal anode in Ca2+/K+hybrid electrolytes, is also demonstrated, thanks to the inertness of K+insertion into Ca0.14V2O5and the absence of calcium plating/stripping. The cyclic stability and high capacity of Ca0.14V2O5is not compromised in hybrid electrolytes, making it a viable CIB cathode.
Transparent and Stretchable Au–Ag Nanowire Recording Microelectrode Arrays
Authors: Chen Zhiyuan , Nguyen Khanh , Kowalik Grant , Shi Xinyu , Tian Jinbi , Doshi Mitansh , Alber Bridget R. , Guan Xun , Liu Xitong , Ning Xin , Kay Matthew W. , Lu Luyao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTransparent microelectrodes have received much attention from the biomedical community due to their unique advantages in concurrent crosstalk‐free electrical and optical interrogation of cell/tissue activity. Despite recent progress in constructing transparent microelectrodes, a major challenge is to simultaneously achieve desirable mechanical stretchability, optical transparency, electrochemical performance, and chemical stability for high‐fidelity, conformal, and stable interfacing with soft tissue/organ systems. To address this challenge, we have designed microelectrode arrays (MEAs) with gold‐coated silver nanowires (Au–Ag NWs) by combining technical advances in materials, fabrication, and mechanics. The Au coating improves both the chemical stability and electrochemical impedance of the Au–Ag NW microelectrodes with only slight changes in optical properties. The MEAs exhibit a high optical transparency >80% at 550 nm, a low normalized 1 kHz electrochemical impedance of 1.2–7.5 Ω cm2, stable chemical and electromechanical performance after exposure to oxygen plasma for 5 min, and cyclic stretching for 600 cycles at 20% strain, superior to other transparent microelectrode alternatives. The MEAs easily conform to curvilinear heart surfaces for colocalized electrophysiological and optical mapping of cardiac function. This work demonstrates that stretchable transparent metal nanowire MEAs are promising candidates for diverse biomedical science and engineering applications, particularly under mechanically dynamic conditions.
Low‐Temperature‐Printed Liquid Metal‐Based 3‐D Circuits Applied for Stretchable Biomedical Electronics
Authors: Sun Fankai , Li Guangyong , Chen Husheng , Jin Yuan , Zhang Aibing , Zhang Minghua , Du Jianke , Hua Licheng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe integrated development of stretchable electronics is inevitably led to an increase in the density of electronic components, which substantially increase the complexity of conductive pathways. This complexity causes substantial challenges in circuit design. Therefore, the formation of a three‐dimensional (3‐D) cross‐bridge wire interconnection structure is of vital significance for the high‐density integrated development of stretchable electronic devices. To fulfill this requirement, this study introduces a low‐temperature liquid metal (LM)‐based 3‐D printing technology, which can print LM‐based 3‐D circuits. First, the influence of cooling temperature, nozzle diameter, printing speed, and the distance between nozzle and substrate on the accuracy of LM‐based circuits is characterized. After characterization, various complex LM‐based 3‐D structures are successfully generated. To verify its reliability, LM‐based 3‐D circuits and LED lights are integrated, which exhibited stable mechanical and electrical properties under various deformations. These included bending, twisting, and stretching. Finally, based on the low‐temperature LM‐based 3‐D printing technology, a portable noninvasive stretchable biomedical electronic device is developed that is composed of LM‐based 3‐D circuits, a heart rate, and a blood oxygen sensor. The results revealed that the stretchable biomedical sensor has the potential to help patients improve their lives in the future.
High‐Performance Phosphor‐in‐Glass Film on Thermoelectric Generator for Non‐Radiative Energy Recycling in Laser Lighting
Authors: Peng Yang , Zhao Jiuzhou , Yu Zikang , Wang Qing , Liu Jiaxin , Chen Mingxiang , Mou Yun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHuge heat energy is ultimately generated in the color converter as a result of the nonradiative recombination of high‐power laser excitation. Inspired by the thermoelectric conversion, a high‐performance phosphor‐in‐glass film (PIGF) coated on a thermoelectric generator (TEG) for nonradiative energy recycling in high‐brightness laser lighting is proposed. The heat‐resistance PIGF with high luminescence is tightly coated on the hot‐side ceramic of TEG, while yielding a bright white light and promoting the heat conduction between PIGF and TEG. At the PIGF thickness of 60 µm, the PIGF‐TEG enables a natural white light with a luminous flux of 464 lm, a luminous efficacy of 194 lm W−1, a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 6552 K, and an appropriate chromaticity coordinate of (0.3117, 0.3302) under a laser power of 2.39 W. Aside from the high‐brightness output white light with a luminous flux of 1045 lm, the laser‐driven PIGF‐TEG produces the output voltage and current of 0.46 V and 174 mA under a laser power of 5.61 W, respectively. Therefore, the proposed PIGF‐TEG provides a potential strategy for heat energy recycling in high‐power phosphor‐converted lighting.
A Natural Organic Artificial Synaptic Device Made from a Honey and Carbon Nanotube Admixture for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Tanim Md Mehedi Hasan , Templin Zoe , Hood Kaleb , Jiao Jun , Zhao Feng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractArtificial synaptic devices are the essential hardware component in emerging neuromorphic computing systems by mimicking biological synapse and brain functions. When made from natural organic materials such as protein and carbohydrate, they have potential to improve sustainability and reduce electronic waste by enabling environmentally‐friendly disposal. In this paper, a new natural organic memristor based artificial synaptic device is reported with the memristive film processed by a honey and carbon nanotube (CNT) admixture, that is, honey‐CNT memristor. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and micro‐Raman spectroscopy are employed to analyze the morphology and chemical structure of the honey‐CNT film. The device demonstrates analog memristive potentiation and depression, with the mechanism governing these functions explained by the formation and dissolution of conductive paths due to the electrochemical metal filaments which are assisted by CNT clusters and bundles in the honey‐CNT film. The honey‐CNT memristor successfully emulates synaptic functionalities such as short‐term plasticity and its transition to long‐term plasticity for memory rehearsal, spatial summation, and shunting inhibition, and for the first time, the classical conditioning behavior for associative learning by mimicking the Pavlov's dog experiment. All these results testify that honey‐CNT memristor based artificial synaptic device is promising for energy‐efficient and eco‐friendly neuromorphic systems.
Photoinitiation Mechanisms of Novel Phenothiazine‐Based Oxime and Oxime Esters Acting as Visible Light Sensitive Type I and Multicomponent Photoinitiators
Authors: Noon Adel , Hammoud Fatima , Graff Bernadette , Hamieh Tayssir , Toufaily Joumana , Morlet‐Savary Fabrice , Schmitt Michael , Bui Thanh‐Tuan , Rico Alexandre , Goubard Fabrice , Péralta Sébastien , Dumur Frédéric , Lalevée Jacques 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this work, three new photoinitiators, based on the phenothiazine scaffold as a chromophore and potentially bearing the oxime ester functionality as an initiating group are designed and synthesized for the free radical polymerization of acrylates, the cationic polymerization of epoxides, and the formation of interpenetrated polymer networks upon irradiation with a light emitting diode emitting at 405 nm. These phenothiazine‐based oxime and oxime esters revealed impressive photoinitiation ability manifested by excellent polymerization rates and high final reactive function conversions. Significantly, they can be used as both; one‐component (Type I) and two‐component photoinitiating systems. Photoinitiation mechanisms through which reactive species are produced are investigated by means of different complementary techniques including real‐time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV–visible absorption spectroscopy, electron spin resonance spectroscopy, fluorescence (steady state and time resolved), cyclic voltammetry, and molecular modeling calculations. Thermal initiation behavior of the different oxime esters is also studied by using differential scanning calorimetry, highlighting their dual thermal/photochemical initiation ability. Finally, 3D printed objects are successfully fabricated by conducting both direct laser writing and 3D printing experiments.
“That Was a State of Depression by Itself Dealing with Society”: Atmospheric racism, mental health, and the Black and African American faith community
Authors: Desai Miraj U. , Guy Kimberly , Brown Mychal , Thompson Denisha , Manning Bobby , Johnson Spencer , Davidson Larry , Bellamy Chyrell 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDespite increased societal focus on structural racism, and its negative impact on health, empirical research within mental health remains limited relative to the magnitude of the problem. The current study—situated within a community‐engaged project with members of a predominantly Black and African American church in the northeastern US—collaboratively examined depressive experience, recovery, and the role of racism and racialized structures. This co‐designed study featured individual interviews (N = 11), a focus group (N = 14), and stakeholder engagement. A form of qualitative, phenomenological analysis that situates psychological phenomena within their social structural contexts was utilized. Though a main focal point of the study was depressive and significantly distressing experience, participant narratives directed us more towards a world that was structured to deplete and deprive—from basic neighborhood conditions, to police brutality, to workplace discrimination, to pervasive racist stereotypes, to differential treatment by health and social services. Racism was thus considered as atmospheric, in the sense of permeating life itself—with social, affective, embodied, and temporal dimensions, alongside practical (e.g., livelihood, vocation, and care) and spatial (e.g., neighborhood, community, and work) ones. The major thematic subsections—world, body, time, community, and space—reflect this fundamental saturation of racism within lived reality. There are two, interrelated senses of structural racism implicated here: the structures of the world and their impact on the structural dimensions of life. This study on the atmospheric nature of racism provides a community‐centered complement to existing literature on structural racism and health that often proceed from higher, more population level scales. This combined literature suggests placing ever‐renewed emphasis on addressing the causes and conditions that make this kind of distorted world possible in the first place.
Electronic Transmission Channels Promoting Charge Separation of Conjugated Polymers for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction with Controllable Selectivity
Authors: Chi Xu , Lan Zhi‐An , Chen Qian , Zhang Xirui , Chen Xiong , Zhang Guigang , Wang Xinchen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractConjugated polymers (CPs) represent a promising platform for photocatalytic CO2 fixation owing to their suitable band structures that meet the requirements of the reduction potential of CO2 to value‐added fuels. However, the photocatalytic performance of CPs is rather restrained by the low charge transfer efficiency. Herein, we rationally designed three CPs with a more delocalized electronic transmission channel and planar molecular structure, which are regarded to evidently reduce the exciton binding energy (Eb) and accelerate the internal charge transfer process. Besides, the assembly of suitable electron‐output “tentacles” and cocatalysts on the surface of CPs could effectively facilitate interfacial electron delivery. Accordingly, the optimal P‐2CN exhibits an apparent quantum yield of 4.6 % at 420 nm for photocatalytic CO2 to CO. Further adjusting the amounts of cyano groups and cocatalysts, the CO selectivity could be obtained in the range of 0–80.5 %.