bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unusual presentation of an aggressive ovarian malignancy in a young pregnant woman
Authors: Bhat Mamta , Inyang Francis , Konamme Shamprasad , Osman Inass 
Published: January 2025

Cancer during pregnancy is uncommon. Symptoms caused by new cancers in pregnancy can be difficult to recognise leading to a delay in diagnosis and treatment. Ovarian cancer during pregnancy poses a further diagnostic challenge due to the vague symptoms that it can present, along with difficulty in the interpretation of tumour markers. Presentation with acute abdominal pain, in the presence of an ovarian cyst, can be misdiagnosed as benign conditions such as ovarian torsion or haemorrhage.We present a case of a highly aggressive small-cell ovarian carcinoma diagnosed in the third trimester of pregnancy. Ultrasound and MRI scans provided some information on the complex nature of the ovarian cyst. She underwent laparotomy with salpingo-oophorectomy, which was followed by Caesarean birth 2 weeks later at 34+ weeks’ gestation. There was a rapid progression of disease between the two surgeries. Despite starting chemotherapy soon after, she became unwell after two cycles due to disease progression and suspected sepsis. She was unable to continue further treatment. She spent her last few days at home with her family. The final histology with specific stains confirmed the diagnosis of ovarian small cell carcinoma hypercalcaemic type.
Tuberous sclerosis complex: one disorder, three generations and an assortment of radiological and clinical presentations
Authors: Verma Saluja Komal , Sangar Priyanka , Pillai Drishya , Suman Chetan Prakash 
Published: January 2025

This case report presents markedly different clinical and radiological manifestations of the same disease in a family over three consecutive generations with varying treatment strategies. The index case/proband primarily presented with gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhoea, bleeding per rectum and seizures. Further evaluation revealed bilateral renal angiomyolipoma and cerebral subependymal nodules, in conjunction with facial adenoma sebaceum, periungual fibromas and hypomelanotic ash-leaf macules. Genetic testing confirmed the diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis complex, identifying a mutation in theTSC2gene.The entire family was evaluated for inherited disorders, leading to the detection of tuberous sclerosis in three adult offspring and a grandchild. The uncharacteristic neurological and cardiac manifestations in the proband are noteworthy. Another important aspect is the missed diagnosis in patients despite obvious clinical features and interaction with healthcare facilities, reflecting a gap in disease awareness and a lack of clinical vigilance.
Long-term outcome after a limb salvage procedure using a femoral head allograft following the resection of a synovial sarcoma affecting the hindfoot
Authors: Botello Eduardo , Riquelme María Emilia , Solar Antonieta , Zamora Tomas 
Published: January 2025

The hindfoot is an uncommon site for malignant tumours. While limb salvage procedures are now more common for treating bone sarcoma, there is limited information available on hindfoot reconstruction alternatives because of its low incidence and its challenging outcomes. We present a case report of a man in his late 60s with synovial sarcoma affecting the right heel (calcaneus and soft tissue). A wide resection was performed, followed by reconstruction using a femoral head allograft while preserving the subtalar joint and Achilles tendon insertion. Despite the partial reabsorption of the allograft at 8.4 years after surgery, excellent oncological and functional results were achieved.There are very few reports of calcaneal reconstruction following total or partial calcanectomy. Reconstructive options include the use of bone allografts, vascularized autografts, free vascularized musculocutaneous flaps and custom-made prosthesis replacement. The reconstruction technique described here, which uses an osteoarthritic femoral head allograft, is a relatively easy and widely available alternative. It has the potential functional benefits of preserving the subtalar joint and Achilles insertion if performed after a partial calcanectomy with geometric osteotomies.
Beyond COVID-19, the case for collecting, analysing and using sex-disaggregated data and gendered data to inform outbreak response: a scoping review
Authors: Gales McKinzie , Yonally Phillips Emelie Love , Zilversmit Pao Leah , Dubray Christine , Rodriguez Ribas Elizalde Clara , Heidari Shirin , Degail Marie-Amelie , Meudec Marie , Siddiqui M Ruby , Carter Simone E 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionUnderstanding sex and gender differences during outbreaks is critical to delivering an effective response. Although recommendations and minimum requirements exist, the incorporation of sex-disaggregated data and gender analysis into outbreak analytics and response for informed decision-making remains infrequent. A scoping review was conducted to provide an overview of the extent of sex-disaggregated data and gender analysis in outbreak response within low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).MethodsFive databases were searched for peer-reviewed literature examining sex- and gender-specific outcomes for communicable disease outbreaks published in English between 1 January 2012 and 12 April 2022. An adapted version of the WHO’s Gender Analysis Matrix was used to synthesise evidence, which was then mapped across four phases of the outbreak timeline: prevention, detection, treatment/management and recovery.Results71 articles met inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Sex-, gender-, and pregnancy-related disparities were identified throughout all four phases of the outbreak timeline. These disparities encompassed a wide range of risk factors for disease, vulnerability, access to and use of services, health-seeking behaviour, healthcare options, as well as experiences in healthcare settings and health and social outcomes and consequences.ConclusionSignificant gender-evidence gaps remain in outbreak response. Evidence that is available illustrates that sex and gender disparities in outbreaks vary by disease, setting and population, and these differences play significant roles in shaping outbreak dynamics. As such, failing to collect, analyse or use sex-disaggregated data and gendered data during outbreaks results in less effective responses, differential adverse health outcomes, increased vulnerability among certain groups and insufficient evidence for effective prevention and response efforts. Systematic sex- and gender-based analyses to ensure gender-responsive outbreak prevention, detection, treatment/management and recovery are urgently needed.
A realist review of how, why, for whom and in which contexts quality improvement in healthcare impacts inequalities
Authors: Johnson Lucy Lara , Wong Geoff , Kuhn Isla , Martin Graham P , Kapilashrami Anuj , Lennox Laura , Black Georgia Bell , Hill Matthew , Swiers Ryan , Mahmood Hashum , Jones Linda , Beng Jude , Ford John 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionQuality improvement (QI) is aimed at improving care. Equity is one of the six domains of healthcare quality, as defined by the Institute of Medicine. If this domain is ignored, QI projects have the potential to maintain or even worsen inequalities.Aims and objectivesWe aimed to understand why, how, for whom and in which contexts QI approaches increase, or do not change health inequalities in healthcare organisations.MethodsWe conducted a realist review by first developing an initial programme theory, then searching MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsychINFO, Web of Science and Scopus for QI projects that considered health inequalities. Included studies were analysed to generate context-mechanism-outcome configurations (CMOCs) and develop an overall programme theory.ResultsWe screened 6259 records. Thirty-six records met our inclusion criteria, the majority of which were from the USA. We developed CMOCs covering four clusters: values and understanding, resources, data, and design. Five of these described circumstances in which QI may increase inequalities and 15 where it may reduce inequalities. We found that QI projects that are values-led and incorporate diverse, patient-led data into design are more likely to address health inequalities. However, when staff and patients cannot engage fully with equity-focused projects, due to practical or technological barriers, QI projects are more likely to worsen inequalities.ConclusionsThe potential for QI projects to positively impact inequalities depends on embedding equity-focused values across organisations, ensuring sufficient and appropriate resources are provided to staff delivering QI, and using diverse disaggregated data alongside considered user involvement to inform and assess the success of QI projects. Policymakers and practitioners should ensure that QI projects are used to address inequalities.
Lung function and onset of cardiometabolic diseases in the longitudinal Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study
Authors: Janson Christer , Potts James , Malinovschi Andrei , Agarwal Dhiraj , Ahmed Rana , Aquart-Stewart Althea , Harrabi Imed , Denguezli Meriam , Devereux Graham , Erhabor Gregory E , Gislason Thorarinn , Jogi Rain , Juvekar Sanjay K , Knox-Brown Ben , Koul Parvaiz , Mortimer Kevin , Nafees Asaad Ahmed , Nielsen Rune , Mahesh Padukudru Anand , Paraguas Stefanni Nonna M , Rotevatn Anders Ørskov , Sooronbaev Talant , Burney Peter G J , Amaral Andre F S 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionPrevious population-based studies, mainly from high-income countries, have shown that a higher forced vital capacity (FVC) is associated with a lower risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the longitudinal association between spirometry measures and the onset of cardiometabolic diseases across sites in low-income, middle-income and high-income countries.MethodsThe study population comprised 5916 individuals from 15 countries participating in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease baseline and follow-up assessments. Postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FVC and FEV1/FVC were measured at baseline. Participants who reported having doctor-diagnosed hypertension, diabetes, heart disease and stroke at follow-up but not at baseline were considered new cases of these diseases. The association between lung function and the onset of participant-reported cardiometabolic diseases was assessed in each site using regression models, and estimates were combined using random effects meta-analysis. Models were adjusted for sex, age, smoking, body mass index and educational level.ResultsParticipants with greater per cent predicted FVC were less likely to have new-onset diabetes (OR per 10%=0.91, 95% CI 0.84 to 0.99), heart disease (OR per 10%=0.86, 95% CI 0.80 to 0.92) and stroke (OR per 10%=0.81, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.89) during the follow-up period (mean±SD 9.5±3.6 years). A greater percentage of FEV1was associated with a lower risk of onset of heart disease and stroke. No significant association was found between FEV1/FVC and onset of reported cardiometabolic diseases, except for a higher risk of diabetes (OR per 10%=1.21, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.35) in participants with higher FEV1/FVC.ConclusionsThe findings of this study suggest that a low FVC is more important than a low FEV1/FVC as a risk factor for developing cardiometabolic diseases. The value of including FVC in risk score models to improve their precision in predicting the onset of cardiometabolic diseases should be explored.
Single PEdicle Embolization of Distal Middle Meningeal Artery using n-BCA (SPEED-n technique)
Authors: Khattar Nicolas K , Osehobo Ehizele , Sims Jason J , Elijovich Lucas 
Published: January 2025

The Single Pedicle Embolization of the Distal Middle Meningeal Artery using n-butyl cyanoacrylate (n-BCA) (SPEED-n technique) offers an innovative approach to treating chronic subdural hematomas by targeting the pathological subdural membranes with precise and efficient embolization.1 2 3 This technical video demonstrates the SPEED-n technique, which employs a single catheter and dilute n-BCA (15–20%) to achieve distal penetration of the middle meningeal artery (MMA) network while minimizing procedure time and risks (video 1).Video 1-Key features include a stepwise embolization strategy, leveraging inherent MMA anastomoses to ensure comprehensive vascular coverage and reduced non-target embolization. The method’s success hinges on careful anatomical considerations, precise imaging to delineate safety margins, and the advantages of dilute glue for delayed polymerization, facilitating safe catheter removal and preventing tip retention.4 5 6 This video serves as a practical guide for neurointerventionalists seeking efficient solutions for distal MMA embolization.
Life’s Essential 8 and risks of mortality and cardiovascular morbidity in individuals with PRISm and its associations with transition trajectories of PRISm
Authors: Geng Yang , Ding Yi , Lu Xujia , Pei Yalong , Jankowich Matthew D , Ke Chaofu 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundAlthough morbidity and mortality are reportedly increased in individuals with preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm), little is known about how to optimise PRISm-related health.AimsIs Life’s Essential 8 (LE8) associated with mortality and cardiovascular morbidity in individuals with PRISm and with PRISm transition trajectories?MethodsParticipants with PRISm (n=31 943) with complete data on LE8 and 23 179 individuals with two spirometry measurements were included from the UK Biobank. Eight health components were used to create the LE8 score (0–100). Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess associations of LE8 with cardiovascular morbidity and all-cause, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality. Multinomial logistic regression models were conducted to assess associations between LE8 and transition trajectories of PRISm.ResultsAmong participants with PRISm, 3113 (9.75%), 25 254 (79.06%) and 3576 (11.19%) were categorised as high (LE8≥80), moderate (50≤LE8<80) and low LE8 (LE8<50) score groups, respectively. Compared with the high LE8 group, the low LE8 group demonstrated higher risks of cardiovascular disease (HR: 2.702, 95% CI 2.391 to 3.054) and all-cause (2.496, 2.082 to 2.993), cardiovascular (4.165, 2.672 to 6.493) and respiratory mortality (4.103, 1.866 to 9.020). Individuals with low LE8 score (vs high LE8) had higher odds to transition from normal spirometry to PRISm (OR: 2.238, 95% CI 1.638 to 3.057) and lower odds to transition from PRISm to normal spirometry (OR: 0.506, 95% CI 0.339 to 0.757).ConclusionA lower LE8 score was associated with increased risks of cardiovascular morbidity and all-cause, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in PRISm. A lower LE8 score was related to higher likelihood of developing PRISm and lower likelihood of PRISm recovery.
Search for high-frequency gravitational waves with Rydberg atoms
Authors: Kanno Sugumi , Soda Jiro , Taniguchi Akira 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We propose high-frequency gravitational wave (GW) detectors with Rydberg atoms. Rydberg atoms are ultra-sensitive detectors of electric fields. By setting up a constant magnetic field, a weak electric field is generated upon the arrival of GWs. The weak electric field signal is then detected by an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in the system of the Rydberg atoms. Recently, the minimum detectable electric field with the Rydberg atoms is further improved by employing superheterodyne detection method. Hence, even the weak signal generated by GWs turns out to be detectable. We calculate the amplitude of Rabi frequency of the Rydberg atoms induced by the GWs and show that the sensitivity of the Rydberg atoms becomes maximum when the size of the Rydberg atoms is close to the wavelength of GWs. We evaluate the minimum detectable amplitude of GWs with Rubidium Rydberg atoms and find that the detector can probe GWs with a frequency

$$f=4.2~\hbox {GHz}$$

f
=
4.2

GHz

and an amplitude around

$$10^{-20}$$

10

-
20

.
Holographic thermodynamic relation for dissipative and non-dissipative universes in a flat FLRW cosmology
Authors: Komatsu Nobuyoshi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Horizon thermodynamics and cosmological equations in standard cosmology provide a holographic-like connection between thermodynamic quantities on a cosmological horizon and in the bulk. It is expected that this connection can be modified as a holographic-like thermodynamic relation for dissipative and non-dissipative universes whose Hubble volume V varies with time t. To clarify such a modified thermodynamic relation, the present study applies a general formulation for cosmological equations in a flat Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) universe to the first law of thermodynamics, using the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy

$$S_{\textrm{BH}}$$

S
BH

and a dynamical Kodama–Hayward temperature

$$T_{\textrm{KH}}$$

T
KH

. For the general formulation, both an effective pressure

$$p_{e}$$

p
e

of cosmological fluids for dissipative universes (e.g., bulk viscous cosmology) and an extra driving term

$$f_{\Lambda }(t)$$

f
Λ

(
t
)

for non-dissipative universes (e.g., time-varying

$$\Lambda (t)$$

Λ
(
t
)

cosmology) are phenomenologically assumed. A modified thermodynamic relation is derived by applying the general formulation to the first law, which includes both

$$p_{e}$$

p
e

and an additional time-derivative term

$$\dot{f}_{\Lambda }(t)$$

f
˙

Λ

(
t
)

, related to a non-zero term of the general continuity equation. When

$$f_{\Lambda }(t)$$

f
Λ

(
t
)

is constant, the modified thermodynamic relation is equivalent to the formulation of the first law in standard cosmology. One side of this modified relation describes thermodynamic quantities in the bulk and can be divided into two time-derivative terms, namely

$$\dot{\rho }$$

ρ
˙

and

$$\dot{V}$$

V
˙

terms, where

$$\rho $$

ρ

is the mass density of cosmological fluids. Using the Gibbons–Hawking temperature

$$T_{\textrm{GH}}$$

T
GH

, the other side of this relation,

$$T_{\textrm{KH}} \dot{S}_{\textrm{BH}}$$

T
KH

S
˙

BH

, can be formulated as the sum of

$$T_{\textrm{GH}} \dot{S}_{\textrm{BH}}$$

T
GH

S
˙

BH

and

$$[(T_{\textrm{KH}}/T_{\textrm{GH}}) -1] T_{\textrm{GH}} \dot{S}_{\textrm{BH}}$$

[

(

T
KH

/

T
GH

)

-
1
]

T
GH

S
˙

BH

, which are equivalent to the

$$\dot{\rho }$$

ρ
˙

and

$$\dot{V}$$

V
˙

terms, respectively, with the magnitude of the

$$\dot{V}$$

V
˙

term being proportional to the square of the

$$\dot{\rho }$$

ρ
˙

term. In addition, the modified thermodynamic relation for constant

$$f_{\Lambda }(t)$$

f
Λ

(
t
)

is examined by applying the equipartition law of energy on the horizon. This modified thermodynamic relation reduces to a kind of extended holographic-like connection when a constant

$$T_{\textrm{KH}}$$

T
KH

universe (whose Hubble volume varies with time) is considered. The evolution of thermodynamic quantities is also discussed, using a constant

$$T_{\textrm{KH}}$$

T
KH

model, extending a previous analysis (Komatsu in Phys Rev D 108:083515, 2023).
Periodic orbits and gravitational wave radiation in short hair black hole spacetimes for an extreme mass ratio system
Authors: Zhao Lai , Tang Meirong , Xu Zhaoyi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
For a short hair black hole(BH) that bypasses the “no-short-hair” theorem, its hair parameters have a significant impact near the event horizon and may thus carry the internal information of the BH. This paper studies the influence of the hair parameter

$$Q_m$$

Q
m

and the structural parameter

$$k$$

k

of the short hair BH on the periodic orbits of particles and gravitational wave radiation in the extreme mass ratio(EMR) system. The research results show that

$$Q_m$$

Q
m

has a significant impact on the radius of the orbit, angular momentum, and the

$$E-L$$

E
-
L

space. A larger value of

$$k$$

k

weakens this effect and makes it degenerate with the Schwarzschild BH. In addition, an increase in

$$Q_m$$

Q
m

or a decrease in

$$k$$

k

will lead to a reduction in the period of gravitational waves and a significant enhancement of the signal amplitude. These results provide new observational means for distinguishing short hair BH from classical BH and also offer new insights for verifying the no-hair theorem and understanding the physical behaviors near the event horizon.
How Selling Online is Affecting Informal Firms in South Asia
Authors: Bussolo Maurizio , Dixit Akshay , Golla Anne , Kotia Ananya , Lee Jean N. , Narasimhan Prema , Sharma Siddharth 
Published: January 2025

Understanding how e-commerce platforms are affecting the small, informal firms that sell on them is a question of growing importance to researchers and policymakers in developing countries. This paper examines this question using data from surveys of firms selling on two e-commerce platforms in South Asia. The businesses selling on these platforms range widely in terms of size, degree of formalization, and other characteristics. Their main reason for joining the platforms is to access more customers. After joining, many sellers report (i) an expansion of their business, (ii) an increase in their incentive to formal registration, and (iii) increased visibility to tax authorities. Other less-widespread channels of impact include (i) the adoption of new or improved business practices and technologies, (ii) better access to finance, and (iii) greater flexibility in balancing home and work life. These reported impacts do not vary significantly by firm size or registration status, suggesting that the greater market access brought about by (selectively) joining e-commerce platforms benefits equally large and small (informal) firms. Given size and age, firms selling on the platform for a longer period are more likely to experience these impacts, suggesting that firms learn how to use the platform more effectively over time. Finally, firms on these platforms—even the micro and small ones, which tend to be informal—are from a select group, as they are owned and managed by individuals who are more educated and younger than the owners and managers of more typical firms in this setting.