bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Movement, Viscosity and Agglutination
Authors: Went Stephen 
Published: December 2022

Summary
The viscosity of the dispersing medium affects the Brownian movement of bacteria a great deal. Above a certain degree of internal friction, molecular movement ceases. The intensity of this movement depends also upon the absolute temperature. Bacteria may flocculate spontaneously if the viscosity of the medium is increased to a certain degree. In this relation different microörganisms show different sensitiveness, which seems to depend upon the dimension of the bacterial surface. Media of higher viscosity hinder the bacterial agglutination caused by immune sera; this is an effect on the first phase of the immune agglutination; i.e., on the process of adsorption of the immune bodies.
The Relation of the Bacterial Precipitin Reaction to the Ramon Flocculation Phenomenon
Authors: Hazen Elizabeth Lee 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Flocculation in mixtures of filtrate of C. diphtheriae and antitoxin is not limited by agglutination types (2,11) of the organisms which serve for the toxin production. Precipitation in mixtures of toxic filtrate and agglutinating serum is restricted to agglutination types. Removal of the non-toxic precipitinogens from the toxic filtrate after contact with a specific precipitating serum has little, if any, effect upon the Lf of the toxin; but prevents subsequent precipitation of the filtrate with the homologous precipitating serum. The property in the toxic filtrate essential for flocculation with antitoxin is destroyed at a temperature of 60°C. for one-half hour whereas, the property essential for precipitation of agglutinating serum is not destroyed at a temperature of 85°C. for one hour. Removal of the bacterial antibody from antitoxic serum by absorption of the serum with bacterial extracts does not prevent subsequent flocculation of the serum with the toxic filtrate, whereas, the agglutinating serum treated in the same manner no longer precipitates with the toxic filtrate. The Ramon reaction is probably due to interaction between toxin and antitoxin and not between bacterial precipitinogen and precipitin.
The Activating Effect of Fresh Normal Serum on the Pneumococcidal-Promoting Action of Antipneumococcus Serum, Type I
Authors: Robertson O. H. , Sia Richard H. P. , Cornwell M. Agnes 
Published: December 2022

Summary
With a view to obtaining a clearer understanding of the environmental conditions under which pneumococcus immune serum exerts its optimum anti-bacterial action, a study was made of the influence of fresh normal serum on the pneumococcidal-promoting action of antipneumococcus serum type I in normal rabbit serum-leucocyte mixtures. It was found that the substitution of inactivated normal adult rabbit serum for fresh serum, largely deprived the immune serum of its power to confer pneumococcus-destroying properties on the serum-leucocyte mixtures. In the absence of fresh serum relatively high concentrations of immune serum had to be employed to produce a demonstrable killing effect. However, if instead of adult rabbit serum, inactivated serum of young rabbits was used, the pneumococcidal-promoting action of the immune serum was completely abolished. This could be restored by the addition of relatively small quantities of fresh serum to the inactivated serum-leucocyte mixture. Furthermore there was found to be a constant quantitative relationship between the effective dilution of immune serum and the amount of fresh serum necessary; the higher the dilution of immune serum the greater the quantity of fresh serum required to make it effective. It was shown that the interaction of pneumococcus antigen and antibody in the normal serum deprived it of activating properties. Observations were then made to determine whether or not a similar diminution occurs in the body during the course of pneumococcus infection. Tests on the serum of experimentally infected animals and human cases of lobar pneumonia showed no notable impairment of its activating function.
The Variables in the Mouse
Authors: Felton Lloyd D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
There are two methods in general use for the estimation of the protective value of antipneumococcus serum. The first consists in measuring the protective value of a unit amount of serum by varying the dose of the culture; in the second method, conversely, a constant dose of organism is employed against varying dilutions of the serum. The first method was originated by Neufeld (1), who also tried the second, and found that with the very dilute cultures he employed his method was superior to the other which was suggested by Landmann (2).
In the first method, as described by Neufeld, 0.2 cc. of antipneumococcus serum was injected, either subcutaneously or intraperitoneally, three hours before the injection of virulent pneumococci in the following series of doses: 0.2, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001, 0.0001 cc. The culture he used was of such virulence that control mice injected in duplicate with 0.000001 cc. died in forty-eight hours.
Interferon and Viral Ribonucleic Acid
Authors: Grossberg Sidney E. , Holland John J. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
The action of interferon in inhibiting either visible virus effect on cells or viral multiplication is intracellular. The evidence suggests that very soon after its adsorption interferon acts to delay virus synthesis in cells naturally susceptible to virus as well as those naturally insusceptible, even when interferon is added after viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) adsorption to cells is completed. This action occurs beyond the point of cellular adsorption, penetration, and removal of virus protein without gross effect upon virus release. It further appears that interferon does not block intracellular sites of attachment for viral multiplication, nor does its effect depend upon direct inactivation of parental viral RNA.
Interferons produced in the allantoic sac of chicken embryos by a myxovirus (influenza A) or an arthropod-borne virus (Japanese encephalitis) had similar inhibitory effects on chicken embryo cells against Western equine encephalitis virus as well as against the RNA extracted from poliovirus Types I and II. Avian interferon had no detectable effect on susceptibility of HeLa cells to poliovirus RNA.
Virulence Mechanism of Staphylococcus Aureus in Suckling Mice
Authors: Gebhardt L. P. , Anselmo C. R. , Martin E. R. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
The lethal effects of Staphylococcus aureus cultures on suckling mice free of coagulase has been demonstrated. Cultures subjected to boiling for 10 min (which destroyed both coagulase and α-hemolysin) were no longer lethal for mice. Heating cultures for ½ hr at 56°C destroyed both the hemolytic activity and lethal toxins for suckling mice.
PENGGUNAAN METODE DEMONSTRASI DALAM PROSES PEMBELAJARAN
Authors: Hasibuan Dirja 
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini membahas tentang implementasi metode demonstrasi sebagai suatu strategi yang diharapkan dapat meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar peserta didik dalam pembelajaran pengurusan jenazah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1. Mengetahui implementasi metode domonstrasi untuk meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar peserta didik dalam pembelajaran pengurusan jenazah di SMKN 1 Lubuk Pakam. 2. Mengetahui hasil belajar peserta didik dalam pembelajaran pengurusan jenazah di SMKN 1 Lubuk Pakam. 3. Mengetahui motivasi belajar peserta didik dalam pembelajaran pengurusan jenazah di SMKN 1 Lubuk Pakam. 4. Mengetahui seberapa besar keberhasilan implementasi metode demonstrasi dalam meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar peserta didik dalam pembelajaran pengurusan jenazah di SMKN 1 Lubuk Pakam. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan atau tindakan, dengan jenis penelitian tindakan kelas (action research). Hal ini dapat dibuktikan dengan pengumpulan data yang diperoleh langsung dari observasi, wawancara, kuesioner atau angket, kajian dokumen, diskusi antara guru, teman sejawat, dan kolaborator kemudian di deskripsikan sebagaimana adanya dalam bentuk kalimat yang dapat memberikan makna dari apa yang akan di teliti. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas peserta didik cenderung meningkat meskipun ada beberapa aktivitas yang tidak relevan, memperhatikan, mendengar penjelasan guru menunjukkan aktivitas yang tinggi, sama halnya aktivitas peserta didik pada indikator menanggapi pertanyaan guru-pendapat guru, menanggapi pernyataan, pendapat peserta didik lain, mengajukan pertanyaan, bekerjasama dalam kelompok, menyatakan ide dengan jelas, juga merupakan indikator aktivitas peserta didik yang tinggi.
PERBAIKAN ETIKA ANAK MELALUI METODE BERCERITA DI RA ABDULLAH KOTA PADANGSIDIMPUAN
Authors: Mardiah Mardiah , Irwansyah Irwansyah 
Published: December 2022

Etika adalah aturan prilaku, adat kebiasaan manusia dalam pergaulan antara sesamanya dan menegaskan mana yang benar dan mana yang buruk. Bercerita adalah menuturkan sesuatu yang mengisahkan tentang perbuatan atau sesuatu kejadian dan disampaikan secara lisan dengan tujuan membagikan pengalaman dan pengetahuan kepada orang lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbaikan etika anak melalui metode bercerita di RA Abdullah Kota Padangsidimpuan . Metode yang diterapkan dalam melakukan penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif, alat pengumpul data dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumen. Dalam proses pembelajaran, metode menduduki posisi yang sangat penting, oleh karena itu seorang guru tidak cukup hanya menguasai satu metode saja. Sebab dengan menguasai berbagai metode ia akan mampu menentukan penggunaan metode tersebut sesuai dengan kondisi siswa. Salah satu metode yang tepat dalam menerapkan etika pada anak tingkat usia dini adalah metode bercerita, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa melalui cerita yang disampaikan oleh guru murid secara tidak langsung dapat mengambil nilai-nilai pendidikan terkait dengan etika atau moralitas dari cerita tersebut. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kondisi atau keadaan anak umur nol samapai dengan enam tahun cenderung menerima dan mencontoh. Sehingga apapun yang diajarkan oleh guru akan lebih mudah diserap, bercerita juga sesuai dengan perkembangan kognitif anak. Cara-cara dalam menerapkan etika pada anak adalah melalui pelatihan. Seperti bagaimana cara makan yang baik, bersikap empati, atau cara mengucapkan kata-kata yang baik. Seperti halnya “terima kasih, dll. Sehingga melalui metode bercerita akan lebih mudah dalam menerapkan etika pada anak.
Hybrid Deep-GAN Model for Intrusion Detection in IoT Through Enhanced Whale Optimization
Authors: Balaji S. , Sankara Narayanan S. 
Published: December 2022

IoT networks emerging as a significant growth in modern communication technological applications. The network formed with sensor nodes with resource restrictions in complexity, open wireless transmission features lead them prone to security threats. An efficient Intrusion Detection System aids in detecting attacks and performs crucial counter act to promise secure and reliable function. However, for the reason of the widespread nature of IoT, the intrusion detection system is supposed to carry out in discrete form with fewer fascination on common manager. In order to conquer these issues, Distributed – Generative Adversarial Network (D-GAN) with Enhanced Whale Optimization – Distributed deep learning based on Artificial Neural Network (EWO-HDL+ANN) is proposed. Here the GAN can detect internal attacks and the D-GAN is capable of detecting both internal and external attacks effectively. Transfer By Subspace Similarity is engaged to carry out. After that the preprocessed data is fed into feature extraction stage. Modified Principal Component Analysis (MPCA) is applied to feature extraction, which is used to extract new features that are enlightened. Then, feature selection is executed by Enhanced Whale Optimization Algorithm, which is used to choose significant and superfluous features from the dataset. It gets better the classification accuracy through the greatest fitness value. Then the intrusion detection is evaluated by applying HDL+ANN algorithm used to detect the attacks powerfully. The experimental conclusion proves that the introduced EWO-DDL+ANN method provides enhanced intrusion detection system in the view of greater accuracy, precision, recall, f-measure and low False Positive Rate.
Effect of skipping breakfast on cognition and learning in young adults
Authors: Dutta Pritika , K. Ramdas Nayak Vineetha 
Published: December 2022

Introduction and Aim: Consumption of breakfast has been commonly associated with cognitive parameters among school children and adolescents. The current cross-sectional study was conducted with the aim to investigate the effect of breakfast consumption/omission on cognitive functioning and learning among young adults.

Materials and Methods: Sixty college-going students, divided into two groups such as breakfast consumers and breakfast skippers were asked to fill a physical condition-based study questionnaire. The results of which were assessed along with the performances given in a collective cognition-based task. The obtained data was retained and later analyzed by GraphPad Prism (version 5).

Results: The overall performance, attentiveness, response time and alertness were significantly higher among the college-going breakfast consumers when compared to breakfast skippers thereby highlighting the importance of daily consumption of breakfast among young adults.

Conclusion: Breakfast consumption is of paramount importance among college going students, omission of which could influence cognitive performances and behavioral aspects. Hence, academic programs should promote nutritionally balanced breakfast consumption among college students.
The role of resistin gene polymorphism in Iraqi breast cancer patients
Authors: A. Sahan Khadija , H. Aziz Ismail , Nadhir Dawood Sanna , Al Qazzaz Hasen 
Published: December 2022

Introduction and Aim: Breast cancer is a complex disease and one of the most common cancers among women. Breast cancer is linked to a number of inherited gene alterations which could either initiate breast tumors or be involved in the multistage process of breast cancer development. In this study we aimed to genotype the resistin (RETN) gene linked to breast cancer and determine the effects of RETN single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs3219175, rs34788323) to breast cancer in Iraqi women.

Materials and Methods: This study included 70 (35 malignant and 35 benign) patients with breast cancer and 35 breast-cancer free Iraqi women. Blood samples were collected from all women and subjected to two RETN SNPs (rs3219175, rs34788323) genotyping and determining their allelic frequencies. The serum resistin concentration was determined for each sample. Data was subjected to statistical analysis and p-value determined.

Results: A statistically significant difference for the GA genotype in SNP rs3219175 and TT genotype in SNP (rs34788323) was seen among breast cancer patients, and controls. among Iraqi women. The mean resistin concentration was substantially greater in the malignant group (4,194 ng/ml) compared to the benign group (1,651 ng/ml) and the control group (1,476 ng/ml) (P 0.01). The rs34788323 polymorphism's CC genotype could be associated with higher resistin levels. The blood resistin level was substantially greater in breast cancer patients with the AA genotype (7.710 0.57ng/ml) than in benign (2.340 0.24ng/ml) or control group (2.231 0.15ng/ml), although the difference was not statistically significant, according to rs3219175 SNP results. The incidence of breast cancer was 42.85% higher in the middle age group (40-49 years). The study did show a detrimental relationship between BMI and tumour size, stage, and grade.

Conclusion: Results indicate a correlation between retn gene polymorphism, resistin serum levels and breast cancer susceptibility.
Mevlid Geleneği ve Bu Geleneğin Van Din Görevlilerince Din Eğitimi Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: DÜNDAR Mahmut 
Published: December 2022

Eğitimin temel amacı, bireyin olumlu davranışlar sergileyerek istenilen duruma ulaşmasıdır. Din eğitiminin temel amacı, dindar bir toplum için dünya ve ahiret mutluluğunu sağlayan olumlu davranışlar gösterebilmektir. Bu nedenle bireyin sosyal, psikolojik ve davranışsal açıdan dindar toplumun arzu ettiği duruma gelmesine katkı sağlayan her faaliyet din eğitimi açısından önemli görülmektedir. İslam ve doğu toplumlarında uygulanan mevlid etkinliğinin bu anlamda olumlu katkıları olup olmadığını bilmek önemlidir. Bu etkinlik İslam dünyasının çoğunda birçok ortak noktayı içerdiğinden, benzer uygulamaların yapıldığı bir saha çalışması büyük ölçüde ortak bir sonuca yol açmaktadır. Van ili bölgemiz yeterli sayıda örneğe sahip olduğundan saha çalışmasına dâhil edilmiştir. Sağlıklı sonuçların alınabilmesi için Van bölgesinde görev yapan din görevlileri ve çalışmanın uygulayıcıları alan araştırması örneklemi olarak seçilmiştir. Bu çalışmada mevlid etkinliğinin din eğitiminin amacına uygun katkılarının olup olmadığı varsa hangi hususlarda olduğu ortaya konulmaktadır. Mevlid-din eğitimi ilişkisine ve Van'da uygulanan mevlid geleneğinin Van din görevlileri tarafından din eğitimi açısından değerlendirilmesine değinilmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Din eğitimi, eğitim, mevlid, mevlid ve din eğitimi ilişkisi.
Nesnelerin İnterneti Eğitiminde Proje Tabanlı Öğrenme Yaklaşımının Öğrencilerin Eğitsel Çıktılarına Etkisi
Authors: OCAK Mehmet , ÖZGÜL Emre 
Published: December 2022

Öz
Bu çalışmanın amacı, Nesnelerin İnterneti (IoT) eğitiminde proje tabanlı öğrenme yaklaşımının öğrencilerin akademik başarı ve motivasyonlarına etkilerini ve proje geliştirme sürecine yönelik görüşlerini incelemektedir. Çalışma, 2021-2022 öğretim yılı Güz döneminde Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi Sürekli Eğitim Merkezine (ZBEÜSEM) bağlı özel bir kurs kapsamında 8 haftada gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu ilgili üniversitenin mühendislik fakültesinin farklı bölümlerinde öğrenim gören 83 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Bu araştırmada karma araştırma yöntemlerinden yakınsayan paralel desen kullanılmış olup nicel boyutunda öntest, sontest ve kontrol gruplu yarı deneysel desenden, nitel boyutunda ise durum çalışması deseninden yararlanılmıştır. Nesnelerin İnterneti eğitiminde dersler, deney grubunda proje tabanlı öğrenme yaklaşımına göre yürütülürken kontrol grubunda ise geleneksel öğretim yöntemi ile yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada veri toplama araçları olarak birden fazla ölçme aracı kullanılarak geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları desteklenmeye çalışmıştır. Nicel verilerin analizinde bağımsız örneklem t-testi ve kovaryans analizi kullanılırken, nitel veriler içerik analizine göre analiz edilmiştir. Verilerin analizi sonucunda grupların öntest puanları arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmazken, sontest puanları arasında ise proje tabanlı öğrenme yaklaşımının uygulandığı deney grubu lehine anlamlı bir farkın ortaya çıktığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca deney grubu öğrencilerinin eğitim sonunda hazırlamış oldukları bağımsız proje çalışmalarının sayıca ve nitelik olarak kontrol grubuna göre daha üstün oldukları görülmüş, motivasyon düzeyleri bakımından ise her iki grup arasında anlamlı bir farklılığın olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Deney grubu öğrencileri ile gerçekleştirilen görüşmelere göre eğitim ve proje geliştirme süreçlerine yönelik oluşturulan temalar çalışmanın ilgili bölümü içerisinde paylaşılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: IoT, Nesnelerin İnterneti, Nesnelerin İnterneti Eğitimi, Proje Tabanlı Öğrenme.
A Two Variable Refined Plate Theory for Isogeometric Vibration Analysis of The Functionally Graded Piezoelectric Microplates with Porosities
Authors: Hung Pham Tan , Phuc Phung Van 
Published: December 2022

In this article, a free vibration analysis of the functionally graded porous piezoelectric (FGPP) microplates is firstly solved by using a combination of two variable refined plate theory (RPT), modified strain gradient theory (MSGT) and isogeometric analysis (IGA). The FGPP microplate is composed of piezoelectric material with pores, which are distributed across the plate thickness in uniform and non-uniform distributions. The modified strain gradient theory is used to capture the size effect on the natural frequency of the FGPP microplates. According to the variational principle of RPT with two variables, the governing equations are derived and solved by the IGA. The influence of the length scale parameters (LSPs), external electric voltage, power law index, length-to-thickness ratio, aspect ratio and boundary conditions (BCs) on the natural frequency of the FGPP microplates is studied. The numerical results show that a rise in the porosity coefficient makes a decrease in the microplate’s stiffness, while an increase in LSPs leads to a rise in the microplate’s stiffness.This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.
Tasarımda Yenilik; Grafik Tablet Özelinde Bir İnceleme
Authors: DEMİREL İNAL Elif Arzen , TARLAKAZAN Elif 
Published: December 2022

Teknolojinin hızla ilerlemesi ve yazılım programlarındaki gelişmelerle birlikte plastik sanatların pek çok alanında olduğu gibi grafik tasarım alanında da geleneksel tasarım yöntemlerdeki işleyişin arka plana itildiği gözlemlenmektedir. Pek çok tasarımcı ve sanatçı geleneksel yöntemlerle icra ettikleri eserlerin uzun soluklu, masraflı vb. unsurların farkına varıp, bilgisayar teknolojisinde devam eden gelişmeleri ve tasarım kolaylığını görmüş ve eserlerini dijital ortama taşımaya karar vermişlerdir. Böylece eserlerinde zamandan, malzemelerin muhafazasından ve masraftan tasarruf ederken, imkân fazlalığından, sınırsız renk, araç ve doku çeşitliliğinden yararlanabildiklerini görmüşlerdir.
Fotoğrafçılık sektöründe kullanılan film olgusunu kaldıran, matbaa sektöründeki baskı uygulamalarında yaşanan inovasyonlar olmuştur. Dijital değişim keşfi olarak karşımıza çıkan ve günümüzde grafik çizim tableti olarak adlandırılan çizim tabletleri, ilk olarak sketchpad adı verilen ürünle piyasaya sürülmüştür. Araştırmada, nicel araştırma teknikleri arasında yer alan tarama modeli kullanılmış ve ilgili literatür kaynaklarından (video, görsel ve yazın) konu ile ilgili olan kısımlar derlenerek sunulmuştur. Çizim tabletlerinin temelini atmış olan Skecthpad’den başlayarak doğuşu, gelişimi, inovasyon ile birlikte değişim, dönüşüm ve gelişim konuları örneklerle beraber ele alınmıştır. Ardından çizim tabletlerinin grafik tasarım alanına kattığı değer ve kullanılış kolaylığından bahsedilmiştir. Grafik tasarımın tarihinin gelecek dönemleri için öngörü ve tavsiyelerde bulunulmuştur.