bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of longitudinal sleep monitoring on clinician agreement in obstructive sleep apnea diagnosis: The ELSA study
Authors: Roeder Maurice , Sievi Noriane A. , Frei Nina , Schwarz Esther I. , Steinack Carolin , Gaisl Thomas , Kohler Malcolm 
Published: May 2023

SummaryThere is strong evidence for clinically relevant night‐to‐night variability of respiratory events in patients with suspected obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep experts retrospectively evaluated diagnostic data in 56 patients with suspected obstructive sleep apnea. Experts were blinded to the fact that they were diagnosing the same case twice, once based on a short report of a single in‐laboratory respiratory polygraphy and once with the additional information of 14 nights of pulse oximetry at home. All experts (n = 22) were highly qualified, 13 experts (59.1%) treated > 100 patients with suspected obstructive sleep apnea per year. In 12 patients, the apnea–hypopnea index in the respiratory polygraphy was < 5 per hr, but the mean oxygen desaturation index of 14 nights of pulse oximetry was ≥ 5 per hr. The additional information of 14 nights of pulse oximetry helped to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea with a 70% consensus in two of those patients (16.7% [95% confidence interval: 4.7/44.8]). In eight patients, experts could not agree to a 70% consensus regarding continuous positive airway pressure therapy recommendation after respiratory polygraphy. The additional information of multiple‐night testing led to a consensus in three of those cases (37.5% [95% confidence interval: 14/69]). Change of obstructive sleep apnea diagnosis and continuous positive airway pressure recommendation was significantly negatively associated with the number of treated obstructive sleep apnea patients > 100 per year compared with 0–29 patients per year (Coef. [95% confidence interval] −0.63 [−1.22/−0.04] and −0.61 [−1.07/−0.15], respectively). Experts found already a high level of consensus regarding obstructive sleep apnea diagnosis, severity and continuous positive airway pressure recommendation after a single respiratory polygraphy. However, longitudinal sleep monitoring could help increase consensus in selected patients with diagnostic uncertainty.
Characterization of P‐glycoprotein orthologs from human, sheep, pig, dog, and cat
Authors: Azimi Mina , Yee Sook Wah , Riselli Andrew , Silva Dina Buitrago , Giacomini Craig P. , Giacomini Kathleen M. , Brett Claire M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe ATP‐binding cassette transporter P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) limits the oral bioavailability of many drugs. Although P‐gp has been well studied in humans and mice, little is known about the substrate specificities of many of its species orthologs. To address this, we performed in vitro analysis of P‐gp transporter function using HEK293 cells stably expressing human, ovine, porcine, canine, and feline P‐gp. We also employed a human physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to assess variations in digoxin exposure resulting from altered P‐gp function. Compared to human P‐gp, sheep P‐gp had significantly less digoxin efflux (2.3‐fold ±0.04 vs. 1.8‐fold ±0.03, p < .0001) and all species orthologs had significantly less quinidine efflux compared with human P‐gp (p < .05). Human P‐gp also had significantly greater efflux of talinolol compared to sheep and dog P‐gp (1.9‐fold ±0.04 vs. 1.6‐fold ±0.06, p = .003 and 1.6‐fold ±0.05, p = .0002, respectively). P‐gp expression protected all lines against paclitaxel‐induced toxicity, with sheep P‐gp being significantly less protective. The inhibitor verapamil demonstrated dose‐dependent inhibition of all P‐gp orthologs. Finally, a PBPK model showed digoxin exposure was sensitive to altered P‐gp activity. Overall, our study found that species differences in this major drug transporter exist and that the appropriate species ortholog of P‐gp should be evaluated during veterinary drug development.
Hezbollah's Coercion And the Israel‐Lebanon Maritime Deal
Authors: Sobelman Daniel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn late 2022, Israel and Lebanon signed a US‐brokered maritime agreement establishing their permanent maritime boundary and exclusive economic zones, and regulating their rights to gas exploration in the eastern Mediterranean. Preceding the agreement was a sustained coercive‐diplomacy campaign by Hezbollah. Between June and October, the organization conveyed overt and covert threats, and it pursued actions that were unprecedented in the Israel‐Hezbollah conflict: openly threatening to target Israel's entire gas production and risk all‐out war if Israel proceeded with its plan to unilaterally extract gas from the contested Karish gas field. A textbook case of coercive diplomacy, Hezbollah's maneuver was calculated and deliberate, which reflects the group's strategic expertise. Drawing on open‐source materials and public statements in Arabic and Hebrew, this article analyzes Hezbollah's coercive‐diplomacy campaign and examines its implications for escalation scenarios between Israel and its central military opponent.
Effect of the Initial Deformity in the Coronal Plane on Postoperative Outcome of Proximal Humeral Fractures
Authors: Dai Fei , Xiang Ming , Zhang Qing , Yang Jinsong , Li Yiping 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveThere is currently no consensus on proximal humerus fractures with an initial deformity in the coronal plane who are better off with plates or nails, so we designed this study. To compare the effect of the initial deformity in the coronal plane of proximal humerus fractures on postoperative outcomes, we compare the maintenance of reduction in procedures utilizing plates and nails, and analyzed the subsequent occurrence of complications to explore whether the initial deformity should dictate the fixation approach.MethodsThe clinical data of patients with proximal humerus fractures who were hospitalized and underwent surgical treatment in our hospital from January 2016 to December 2020 were reviewed. Postoperative functional scores (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons, ASES; Constant‐Murley Score, CMS), Neck‐shaft angle (NSA), Quality of fracture reduction, Deltoid Tuberosity Index (DTI), and complications were compared among cases with initial varus, normal, or valgus deformities.ResultsWe included 131 patients, 56 males and 75 females, with a mean age of 60.89 ± 5.53 years (range 50–76) and a mean follow‐up duration of 16.63 ± 6.78 months (range 12–48). Of these, 29 cases had initial varus displacement, 71 had a normal NSA, and 31 had initial valgus displacement. Seventy‐five were treated with a locking plate and 56 with a nail. After open reduction and internal fixation, the NSA was restored to normal (−135°) in all patients in all groups (P > 0.05). There was a significant difference in NSA changes at the last follow‐up; 2.93° ± 2.12° in the varus group, 1.77° ± 1.18° in the normal group, and 2.32° ± 1.64° in the valgus group, with the highest change occurring in the varus group. There was no significant difference in the range of motion or functional scores including ASES and CMS among the three groups (P > 0.05). The complication rate of 20.7% in the varus group was significantly higher than the complication rates of 12.7% in the normal and 12.9% in the valgus groups (P < 0.05).ConclusionsWhile proximal humerus fractures with initial coronal displacement (varus, normal, and valgus) show similar postoperative functional outcomes, varus fractures have a higher rate of complications. The nail provides better maintenance of reduction than the locking plate, especially in varus fractures.
Parameter estimation for linear parabolic SPDEs in two space dimensions based on high frequency data
Authors: Tonaki Yozo , Kaino Yusuke , Uchida Masayuki 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe consider parameter estimation for a linear parabolic second‐order stochastic partial differential equation (SPDE) in two space dimensions driven by two types of ‐Wiener processes based on high frequency data in time and space. We first estimate the parameters which appear in the eigenfunctions of the differential operator of the SPDE using the minimum contrast estimator based on the thinned data with respect to space, and then construct an approximate coordinate process of the SPDE. Furthermore, we propose estimators of the coefficient parameters of the SPDE utilizing the approximate coordinate process based on the thinned data with respect to time. We also give some simulation results.
Localised insulin administration for wound healing in non‐diabetic adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Bhuiyan Zunira Areeba , Adebayo Oluwasemilore , Ahmed Zubair 
Published: May 2023

AbstractInsulin has the potential to restore damaged skin and due to its affordability and global availability, it is an agent of interest when it comes to pioneering new remedies to accelerate wound healing. The aim of this study was to explore the efficacy and safety of localised insulin administration on wound healing in non‐diabetic adults. Studies were systematically searched, using the electronic databases Embase, Ovid MEDLINE and PubMed, screened, and extracted by two independent reviewers. A total of seven randomised controlled trials that met the inclusion criteria were analysed. Risk of bias was assessed using the Revised Cochrane Risk‐of‐Bias Tool for Randomised Trials and a meta‐analysis was performed. The primary outcome, which explored rate of wound healing (mm2/day), concluded that there was an overall significant mean improvement in the insulin treated group (IV = 11.84; 95% CI: 0.64–23.04; p = 0.04; I2 = 97%) compared to the control group. Secondary outcomes concluded that there is no statistical difference between the healing time (days) of the wound (IV = −5.40; 95% CI: −11.28 to 0.48; p = 0.07; I2 = 89%); there is a significant reduction in wound area in the insulin group; no adverse events were noted with the administration of localised insulin; quality of life improves drastically as the wound heals, irrespective of insulin. We conclude that although the study showed an improved wound healing rate, other parameters were not statistically significant. Therefore, larger prospective studies are warranted to fully explore the effects of insulin on different wounds, where an appropriate insulin regime can be developed for clinical practice.
Techno-Economic Investigation of Geothermal Development in Sedimentary Basins
Authors: Khankishiyev Orkhan , Salehi Saeed , Vivas Cesar , Nygaard Runar , Rehg Danny 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Models of the enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) in super-hot igneous rocks have demonstrated significantly higher heat transfer rates and power production compared to conventional geothermal systems. On the other hand, along with the high upfront costs, the major geological and technical challenges associated with drilling super-hot EGS wells in igneous rocks constrain the development of geothermal systems and prevent their worldwide application. Meanwhile, geothermal energy development in sedimentary basins could provide clean energy production with relatively lower investment costs compared to super-hot EGS development in igneous rocks. A significant amount of data, knowledge, and expertise has been gathered through decades of drilling and development of oil and gas wells in sedimentary basins. Application of this experience and data for geothermal drilling can eliminate and reduce costs of subsurface data gathering, well drilling, and completion. This paper investigates the economic viability of geothermal energy production systems in sedimentary basins. The study provides initial time-to-hit temperature (THT) and cost-to-hit temperature (CHT) maps across the US based on the well depth, total drilling and completion time, and total well cost data. Combined with sedimentary basin maps and underground temperature maps, THT and CHT maps could be utilized to place EGS wells and other geothermal systems applications at the most favorable locations in the US.
Deep Learning-Driven Design of Robot Mechanisms
Authors: Purwar Anurag , Chakraborty Nilanjan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we discuss the convergence of recent advances in deep neural networks (DNNs) with the design of robotic mechanisms, which entails the conceptualization of the design problem as a learning problem from the space of design specifications to a parameterization of the space of mechanisms. We identify three key inter-related problems that are at the forefront of using the versatility of DNNs in solving mechanism design problems. The first problem is that of representation of mechanisms and their design specifications, where the representation challenges arise primarily from the non-Euclidean nature of the data. The second problem is that of developing a mapping from the space of design specifications to the mechanisms where, ideally, we would like to synthesize both type and dimensions of the mechanism for a wide variety of design specifications including path synthesis, motion synthesis, constraints on pivot locations, etc. The third problem is that of designing the neural network architecture for end-to-end training and generation of multiple candidate mechanisms for a given design specification. We also present a brief overview of the state-of-the-art on each of these problems and identify questions of potential interest to the research community.
Main Parameters Influencing the Level of Labile Contamination and the Removal Factor
Authors: Agullo Pierrick , Gossard Alban , Ranchoux Gilles , Porcheron Emmanuel , Petitot Fabrice 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Several nuclear facilities are currently being decommissioned in France, on CEA and EDF sites. The decommissioning process as a whole, with cutting operations and nuclear waste management presents workers with significant risks of exposure. The aim of this study was therefore to improve risk assessments of internal exposure in operations where the main uncertainties are the removal factor and the airborne release factor. A new method is presented to assess the risk of internal exposure and optimize the choice of personal protective equipment to use during nuclear dismantling operations. The main forces and parameters influencing the level of labile contamination and particle resuspension were identified from a literature review and feedback. A manageable set of parameters was then obtained based on literature data and on-site information. The effects of the drying temperature, relative humidity, roughness of the contaminated surface, and wiping pressure were thus investigated on labile contamination and removal factor measurements. Successive wipings with cotton pads were performed on surfaces contaminated with simulated contaminants to estimate the influence of the different parameters. Results highlight the importance of surface roughness over the other considered parameters.
Numerical Simulation of Mixed Convection Cooling of Electronic Component Within a Lid-Driven Cubic Cavity Filled With Nanofluid
Authors: Soufiane Nouari , Mustapha Ait Hssain , Zakaria Lafdaili , Sakina El-hamdani , Hicham Doghmi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the effect of the movement of a moving lid on the heat transfer and cooling of three isothermal blocks inside a cubic enclosure filled with a Cu-water nanofluid. The study's geometry is a three-dimensional enclosure with three blocks which are assumed to have a fixed hot temperature TH. The bottom, front, and back sides are insulated, while the other surfaces are kept at a cold temperature. The study considers two cases for the movement of the upper lid: one where the lid moves in the longitudinal direction, and another where it moves in the transverse direction. The dimensionless governing equations considering the boundary conditions are solved by implementing the finite volume approach with the power low as a resolution scheme. The study varies several factors such as the shape of the nanofluid, the shape factor of the blocks (3L/4, L/2, and L/4), the number of cold walls, the Richardson number (0.01 to 10), the volume fraction of nanoparticles (0 to 0.06), at a fixed Grashof number (104). The results indicate that decreasing the Richardson number improves the heat transfer coefficient's performance. Also, the study finds that longitudinal movement provides better block cooling compared to transverse movement. Additionally, the study found that changing the height of the blocks from L/4 to 3L/4 resulted in a decrease in heat transfer inside the cavity and over the blocks. Specifically for the case of the longitudinal movement, a decrease of −44% was observed along blocks one and three, and −51% along block two. As stated, the research aimed to investigate the impact of different directions of lid movement on the cooling of heater blocks, with the goal of enhancing the thermal performance and heat transfer efficiency of various technical engineering equipment.
Experimental Thermal Performance of Phase Change Material Embedded Solar Air Heater Employing Impinging Stable Air Jet Array Presenting High Power and Energy Density
Authors: Chaurasiya Shailendra Kumar , Singh Satyender 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This experimental thermal performance investigation presents that the hot air at a significantly high temperature, and simultaneously at high power density and energy density of phase change material (PCM) can be obtained utilizing a novel design of PCM embedded solar air heater employing impinging stable air jet array. Investigation is carried out following two main objectives, i.e., to obtain (i) instant and (ii) long thermal backups. In the reported design configuration, impinging stable air jets on absorber plate are obtained by reducing the flow path of expelled air from upstream air jets that increased the heat transfer rate to air and consequently instant thermal backup. Although, the use of wavy PCM unit provides instant and long thermal backup by increasing heat transfer area that augments the heat transfer to air and the collection of solar radiations, respectively. Moreover, the present study is extended as follows, (i) the use of shutter on glass cover to increase thermal performance during nocturnal hours, (ii) charging of PCM till the maximum solar radiation hours and use of the stored energy during nocturnal hours, (iii) thermal performance analysis to reveal instant thermal backup, (iv) thermal performance investigation during variable weather conditions, and (v) thermal performance investigation for low ambient air temperature. The obtained results revealed that for the unit collector area, significant thermal backup of about 6 h at a temperature rise of ≥5 °C can be obtained by utilizing the above-mentioned provisions in this research.
The Synchronization of a Class Fractional-Order Chaotic System by Using the Recovered State Variables and Backstepping Control
Authors: Su Haipeng , Luo Runzi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This paper investigates the synchronization problem of a class of fractional-order chaotic systems with output variables. Based on the measured output variables, the estimations of state variables are obtained by designing proper state observers. By using the recovered state variables and backstepping control, some new controllers are devised and some sufficient conditions for obtaining chaos synchronization are derived. Numerical simulation is used to verify the practicability and effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Metatranscriptomic analysis uncovers prevalent viral ORFs compatible with mitochondrial translation
Authors: Begeman Adam , Babaian Artem , Lewis Samantha C. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

RNA viruses are ubiquitous components of the global virosphere, yet relatively little is known about their genetic diversity or the cellular mechanisms by which they exploit the biology of their diverse eukaryotic hosts. A hallmark of (+)ssRNA (positive single-stranded RNA) viruses is the ability to remodel host endomembranes for their own replication. However, the subcellular interplay between RNA viruses and host organelles that harbor gene expression systems, such as mitochondria, is complex and poorly understood. Here we report the discovery of 763 new virus sequences belonging to the family
Mitoviridae
by metatranscriptomic analysis, the identification of previously uncharacterized mitovirus clades, and a putative new viral class. With this expanded understanding of the diversity of mitovirus and encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRps), we annotate mitovirus-specific protein motifs and identify hallmarks of mitochondrial translation, including mitochondrion-specific codons. This study expands the known diversity of mitochondrial viruses and provides additional evidence that they co-opt mitochondrial biology for their survival.

IMPORTANCE

Metatranscriptomic studies have rapidly expanded the cadre of known RNA viruses, yet our understanding of how these viruses navigate the cytoplasmic milieu of their hosts to survive remains poorly characterized. In this study, we identify and assemble 763 new viral sequences belonging to the
Mitoviridae
, a family of (+)ssRNA viruses thought to interact with and remodel host mitochondria. We exploit this genetic diversity to identify new clades of
Mitoviridae
, annotate clade-specific sequence motifs that distinguish the mitoviral RdRp, and reveal patterns of RdRp codon usage consistent with translation on host cell mitoribosomes. These results serve as a foundation for understanding how mitoviruses co-opt mitochondrial biology for their proliferation.
20 Predicting treatment response to vancomycin using bacterial DNA load as a pharmacodynamic marker in premature and very low birth weight neonates: a population PKPD study
Authors: Samb Amadou , Dijkstra Koos , van de Dungen Frank , de Haan Timo , Mathôt Ron , van Weissenbruch Mirjam 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionLOS has a high risk of morbidity and mortality among premature and VLBW newborns. Whilst positive blood cultures are the gold standard for the diagnosis and subsequent treatment of sepsis, this is time-consuming and results in suboptimal antibiotic treatment regimens. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether treatment response to vancomycin could be quantified using BDL based on RT-qPCR.MethodsVLWB and premature neonates with suspected late-onset sepsis were included in a single-centre, observational study. Serial blood samples were collected for measurement of BDL and vancomycin concentration (t=0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48h). BDL were measured with RT-qPCR, whereas vancomycin concentrations were measured using LC-MS. A population PKPD model was developed with NONMEM software.Results28 patients with LOS that were treated with vancomycin were included. A total of 94 vancomycin concentrations and 103 BDLs levels were available. A one- compartment model with PMA and serum creatinine was used to describe vancomycin PK. In 12 patients there was no decrease in BDL over time. Close inspection of the clinical records explained the underlying mechanism of the lack of effect. In 16 patients time profiles of BDL were described with a PD turnover model. The relationship between vancomycin concentration and the increase in first-order BDL elimination was described with a linear effect model. The slope of this model increased with rising PMA.ConclusionsBDLs determined through RT-qPCR could be predicted with the population PKPD model. Our findings demonstrate that using RT-qPCR, treatment response to vancomycin may be evaluated as early as 4 hours after treatment initiation, allowing early assessment of efficacy of vancomycin in LOS.