bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parametric instabilities and hot electron generation in the interactions of broadband lasers with inhomogeneous plasmas
Authors: Liu Z. , Ma H.H. , Wang W. , Li X.F. , Wang P.P. , Wang C. , Yew S.H. , Weng S.M. , Sheng Z.M. , Zhang J. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The development of parametric instabilities in the interaction of a large-scale inhomogeneous plasma with either a monochromatic or a broadband laser pulse is investigated theoretically and numerically. For a monochromatic laser at an intensity of

1.5
×

10

15

W cm−2, the development of Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) in the relatively low density region will obviously dissipate pump laser and hence inhibit the development of Two-Plasmon Decay (TPD) and absolute Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) near the quarter-critical density. By using a laser with a moderate fractional bandwidth (∼1.0%) at the same averged intensity, it is found that the laser reflectivity will be greatly reduced since the SBS can be suppressed effectively due to its low linear growth rate. On the contrary, the TPD and absolute SRS are obviously enhanced since the in situ laser intensity near the quarter-critical density becomes stronger in this case. As a result, the hot electron generation due to the TPD and absolute SRS is dramatically enhanced as well. This indicates that the competition between various parametric instabilities in a large-scale inhomogeneous plasma makes it more challenging to simultaneously suppress all kinds of parametric instabilities by using broadband lasers. Particular attention should be paid to the TPD, which not only has a relatively large linear growth rate but also is efficient in generating harmful hot electrons. Increasing the laser bandwidth further, the hot electron generation will be finally reduced as long as the TPD and SRS are also suppressed with a sufficient bandwidth (

⩾

3%) at the intensity of

1.5
×

10

15

W cm−2 that may be encountered in some novel ignition schemes such as shock ignition. However, it is worth noting that the laser bandwidth required to mitigate parametric instabilities and hot electron production strongly depends on laser intensity. A moderate laser bandwidth (∼1%) may be sufficient to mitigate both the laser reflectivity and hot electron production for typical ICF target designs operated with laser intensities lower than 1015 W cm−2.
Impacts of abiotic and biotic factors on tundra productivity near Utqiaġvik, Alaska
Authors: Zhang Qingyuan , Zhang Xuesong , Lara Mark J , Li Zhengpeng , Xiao Jingfeng , Zhao Kaiguang , Hu Tongxi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Earlier snowmelt, warmer temperatures and herbivory are among the factors that influence high-latitude tundra productivity near the town of Utqiaġvik in northern Alaska. However, our understanding of the potential interactions between these factors is limited. MODIS observations provide cover fractions of vegetation, snow, standing water, and soil, and fractional absorption of photosynthetically active radiation by canopy chlorophyll (fAPARchl) per pixel. Here, we evaluated a recent time-period (2001–2014) that the tundra experienced large interannual variability in vegetation productivity metrics (i.e. fAPARchl and APARchl), which was explainable by both abiotic and biotic factors. We found earlier snowmelt to increase soil and vegetation cover, and productivity in June, while warmer temperatures significantly increased monthly productivity. However, abiotic factors failed to explain stark decreases in productivity during August of 2008, which coincided with a severe lemming outbreak. MODIS observations found this tundra ecosystem to completely recover two years later, resulting in elevated productivity. This study highlights the potential roles of both climate and herbivory in modulating the interannual variability of remotely retrieved plant productivity metrics in Arctic coastal tundra ecosystems.
Prediction of systemic free and total valproic acid by off-line analysis of exhaled breath in epileptic children and adolescents
Authors: Awchi Mo , Singh Kapil Dev , Dill Patricia E , Frey Urs , Datta Alexandre N , Sinues Pablo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of medications with a narrow therapeutic window is a common clinical practice to minimize toxic effects and maximize clinical outcomes. Routine analyses rely on the quantification of systemic blood concentrations of drugs. Alternative matrices such as exhaled breath are appealing because of their inherent non-invasive nature. This is especially the case for pediatric patients. We have recently showcased the possibility of predicting systemic concentrations of valproic acid (VPA), an anti-seizure medication by real-time breath analysis in two real clinical settings. This approach, however, comes with the limitation of the patients having to physically exhale into the mass spectrometer. This restricts the possibility of sampling from patients not capable or available to exhale into the mass spectrometer located on the hospital premises. In this work, we developed an alternative method to overcome this limitation by collecting the breath samples in customized bags and subsequently analyzing them by secondary electrospray ionization coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (SESI-HRMS). A total of n = 40 patients (mean ± SD, 11.5 ± 3.5 y.o.) diagnosed with epilepsy and taking VPA were included in this study. The patients underwent three measurements: (i) serum concentrations of total and free VPA, (ii) real-time breath analysis and (iii) off-line analysis of exhaled breath collected in bags. The agreement between the real-time and the off-line breath analysis methods was evaluated using Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). CCC was computed for ten mass spectral predictors of VPA concentrations. Lin’s CCC was >0.6 for all VPA-associated features, except for two low-signal intensity isotopic peaks. Finally, free and total serum VPA concentrations were predicted by cross validating the off-line data set. Support vector machine algorithms provided the most accurate predictions with a root mean square error of cross validation of 29.0 ± 7.4 mg l−1 and 3.9 ± 1.4 mg l−1 for total and free VPA (mean ± SD), respectively. As a secondary analysis, we explored whether exhaled metabolites previously associated with side-effects and response to medication could be rendered by the off-line analysis method. We found that five features associated with side effects showed a CCC > 0.6, whereas none of the drug response-associated peaks reached this cut-off. We conclude that the clinically relevant free fraction of VPA can be predicted by this combination of off-line breath collection with rapid SESI-HRMS analysis. This opens new possibilities for breath based TDM in clinical settings.
Numerical investigation on thermoelastic bending of sandwich plates with porous FGM layer
Authors: Van Do Vuong Nguyen , Lee Chin-Hyung 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Porous Sandwich plates are finding increased use in many engineering applications including construction and shipbuilding industries. In recent decades, the laminated plates have much attractive because of the introduction of advanced composite materials such as functionally graded materials (FGMs). This material in which its characteristics are smoothly transient through certain dimensions can overcome many problems encountered in conventional laminated stacking composites, e.g., the inter-laminar stress discontinuity occurred by the mismatches in the characteristics of two distinct laminated layers. This study explores thermal elasto bending of FGM sandwich plates by using IGA (isogeometric analysis) method which be able to easily perform both the smoothness of higher-order distribution, the precise and cost-efficient in modelling of the geometries. A trigonometric higher shear deformable plate theory, which can take the thickness effects into account, is established with the zig-zag formulation to describe the continuity requirement based on the non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS)-based IGA. Benchmark problems on the thermoelastic bending responses of FGM sandwich plates have been tested, and the results are validated to the reference problems reported in the open literature to evidence the analysis capability of the proposed IGA method. Additional parameter study highlight the impacts of the composition patterns, ingredient variation, plate geometric coefficient and thermal load type on the thermoelastic flexural behaviors.
Ecotoxicity of sediments in Ho Chi Minh city’s canals
Authors: Bui Thanh-Khiet L. , Carmen Casado-Martinez M. , Tatiane Combi , Lara-Martin Pablo A. , Werner Inge , Nguyen Kieu Lan Phuong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
For an ecotoxicological screening of recently deposited sediments, samples were collected from Ho Chi Minh City’s canals in August 2015. The sediments were characterized by physico-chemical analysis of metals, PAHs, PCBs, and other organic micropollutants, and standard sediment toxicity testing. The results showed that the sediments from the canals from both the urban and suburban areas contained a mixture of contaminants with concentrations of several metals, PAHs, PCBs and OCs being above thresholds for effects to benthic organisms. The results of the chemical analyses were corroborated by toxicity detected in standard laboratory tests with crustaceans (ostracods) and insect (midge) larvae. Conspicuous concentrations at the μg/g level were found for the fragrances galaxolide and OTNE, and nonylphenol, triclosan and the UV filters octocrylene, 2-EHDP and EHMC were measured at all sampling sites at concentrations of several tens and even hundreds ng/g. Highest concentrations were measured for the pyrethroid insecticide permethrin in sediments from the urban area and for the pyrethroid insecticide bifenthrin in sediments from suburban areas (3692.9 ng/g dw and 477.6 ng/g dw, respectively). Insecticides were identified as the most probable contributors to the observed toxicity.
Sustainability evaluation of freshwater withdrawal on the Vu Gia Thu Bon river basin in Vietnam
Authors: Duong Mai Thi Thuy , Duong Võ Ngoc , Nga Tran Thi Viet 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The study uses the water stress index (WSI) as a tool to assess water scarcity. Water for the ecosystem is also referred to as the amount of water required by the basin. The MIKE SHE hydrological model is used to simulate the flow in the period 1980–2020 and forecast 2030. The study also found the importance of distinguishing groundwater from surface water when calculating. 1) There is a difference in WSI between the sub-basins, according to the results. Water scarcity is more severe in the downstream regions than it is in the middle and upstream regions, particularly in the region that supplies water to Da Nang city. 2) The bulk of WSI values between March and May 2020 were higher than 0.6, with a severe scarcity WSI peak of more than 3.4. According to the low emission scenario B1, the summer rainfall changes in the Quang Nam - Da Nang region will fall by roughly 1.9% -2.1% in 2030, increasing the likelihood of more severe and extreme droughts. The WSI will also rise by twice as much as it did in 2020. Water shortages will start sooner and stay longer in 2030, starting in February and continuing through September.
Sources of microplastic pollution in the Saigon-Dong Nai rivers, potential risks affecting human health and recommendations for mitigation solutions
Authors: Phu Huynh , Han Huynh Thi Ngoc , Thao Nguyen Ly Ngoc 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The purpose of the study was to investigate the existence of tiny plastic particles present in the aquatic environment of the Saigon-Dong Nai rivers. Additionally, the study provided an overview of the origins and risks of microplastics for human health. A sampling method was built based on the ocean microplastic analysis method of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to match actual conditions. Water samples were extracted to remove organic matter, minerals, and metals before analyzing them using stereomicroscopy and Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy. Research results have shown the existence of microplastics with sizes from 0.1-5 millimeters in the Saigon-Dong Nai rivers. Microplastics in the form of fragments, films, and fibers account for 228,120-715,124 items.m−3 of water and pelleted microplastics account for 23-300 items.m−3 of water. The results about microplastics in the samples showed that Polyethylene, Polypropylene, and Polyvinylchloride accounted for 51.2%, 27.1%, and 13.4%, respectively; and the rest are other plastics (8.3%). The average length and radius of filamentous microplastics are 524.68 micrometers and 100.4 micrometers, respectively. The average length of microplastics in the form of fragments and films is 229.49 micrometers with an average width of 101.3-120.6 micrometers. The average radius of microplastics in the form of pellets is 113.81 micrometers. They have many different colors and shapes and appear in many places where garbage accumulates when the tide recedes, especially in densely populated areas such as Thu Dau Mot and Ho Chi Minh City.
Screening of herbal plants for inhibitory activity and extracting skin-whitening active ingredients from papaya fruit
Authors: Le Xuan-Tien , Nguyen Ba-Thuc , Dang Yen-Phuong , Tran-Nguyen Khanh-Uyen , Le-Dang Thao-Dan , Pham Chau-Duyen , Pham-Vu Minh-Chau 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The main theme of this research was to screen for tyrosinase inhibition from extracts of seven medicinal plants with the aim of applying their skin-whitening compounds to the cosmetic industry. Specifically, the botanical parts include Morus alba L. fruit, Pachyrhizus erosus L. fruit, Glycyrrhiza uralensis F. root, Lonicera japonica T. flower, Chrysanthemum indicum L. flower, Momordica charantia L. leaf and Carica papaya L. fruit, which extracted in safe solvents as ethanol and water. The study results indicated that the tyrosinase inhibitory was higher in the ethanol-extracted products. Meanwhile, Carica papaya had high inhibitory (54.5 ± 2.97%, second only to Glycyrrhiza uralensis) and was widely grown in Viet Nam. Hence, this fruit pulp was chosen to study the suitable extracting conditions. The optimal conditions were found, with the absolute ethanol (EtOH) solvent, solid/liquid ratio of 1:8 (g/mL), 2 times extraction per patch, each time at 50 °C for 30 minutes. The expected value of extraction yield was 22.1%, tyrosinase inhibition IC50 = 768.9 μg/mL, antioxidation (DPPH method) IC50 = 1974.5 µg/mL. .
Wave Attenuation in Coastal Mangroves: the case of Mekong Delta Vietnam
Authors: Thao Nguyen Danh , Kiet Nguyen , Anh Le Tuan , Huynh Phan Thi Diem , Hiep Luu Dinh , Trang Doan Dinh Tuyet 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Mangrove generally plays an important role in dissipating the energy of high waves and storm surges, thereby it protects the coast from erosion. In the context of climate change, the impact from water related phenomena seems to be increased, therefore mangrove is considered as the most effective and environment friendly solution. This research focuses on assessing the effectiveness of wave energy reducing of mangrove at the Bac Lieu coast in Southern Vietnam by implementing the XBeach 2D numerical model combined with field survey. To investigate the mangrove evolution during time, the satellite images are used to analyze for mapping the mangrove zone. The final results indicate that there are factors which significantly affect the efficiency of wave reducing including the mangrove density, mangrove band width, incoming wave height and the local water depth. Especially, specific areas which are vulnerable due to the lack of mangrove forest are well identified in the 2D model comparing to XBeach 1D.
Capacitating Strategies to Promote Climate Resilient Coconut-based Farming Systems (CR-CBFS) in Vulnerable Coconut Communities of the Philippines
Authors: Aguilar Edna A. , Montesur Jaime , Lacsina Juliene Camile 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Climate extremes that continuously bring unpredictable weather patterns particularly strong typhoons and rainfall events devastated many coconut-producing areas in the Philippines. These weather patterns affected the livelihood of farmers and the whole supply chain of the coconut industry. Adoption of a clustering system of farmers is a key approach to sustaining the growing needs of the coconut industry. This will ensure the continuous engagement of farmers in coconut farming where good agricultural practices are performed in developing products that meet the domestic and international market standards. However, clustering of climate-resilient integrated farming systems through participation in multi-purpose cooperatives requires scientific guidance, market-driven production and market linkages.
This paper integrates learnings from past coconut and coconut-based farming system (CBFS) projects. Further, it highlights the learning-by-doing approach where core trainers are developed to train farmer groups in designing location-specific climate-resilient CBFS using a hybrid curriculum of CR – Farmers Field School (CR – FFS) and Farmer Business School. This improvement in the integrated curriculum can change individual and community perspectives, improve farm practices, reduce the impacts of climate-related hazards and risks, provide sustainable livelihoods and enhance farmers’ participation in agri-enterprises. The CR-CBFS season-long training exercises will integrate climate risks and forecasts in farmers’ decision-making, provide technical and business lenses for improved farm productivity and profitability through the integration of complementary enterprises such as intercropping, livestock, value-adding and processing that consider environmental, socio-cultural and economic factors.
Production of Coco-Biodiesel from CNO (Coconut Natural Oil) for Small Scale Industries/Coconut Farmers Using Static Mixer and Dry Washing
Authors: Alamsyah Rizal , Solikhah Maharani Dewi , Kismanto Agus , Heryani Susi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Coco-biodiesel is a derivative product of coconut (copra) and is a substitute for diesel fuel. The production of coco-biodiesel is a solution when the price of fossil fuels is uncertain and increasing. In addition, producing coco-biodiesel for coconut farmers will increase the added value of coconut, ensure the availability of local fuel, and support integrated coconut processing. The objective of the study is to introduce a process and equipment prototype for processing coco-biodiesel that can be operated on a small scale which is suitable for coconut farmers, especially in remote areas. Coconut natural oil (CNO) was mixed with 0.1% phosphoric acid in a tank, heated for 2 hours at 80°C, and settled for 4 hours. After that, the transesterification reaction was carried out by reacting coconut oil with methanol with a molar ratio variation of 1: 10, 1: 6, and 1: 4. The process was conducted at a temperature of 65°C and a flow speed of 1.25 m/s (on a static mixer) and using methanol 98 % and 1% KOH catalyst. The crude coco-biodiesel washing was done using dry washing (membrane filter), the results of which were compared with washing using hot water. The type of membrane filter used was ultra-filtration membrane with a membrane area of 0.0055 m2, length of 1200 mm, and porous size of 0.2-1.2 micrometers. The optimum condition of triglycerides synthesis into fatty acid methyl esters (coco-biodiesel) to produce a 96.5% content (requirement) was obtained at a molar ratio of 1: 6. Acid numbers, total glycerol, free glycerol, density, viscosity, and Iodine number of coco-biodiesel produced were <0.5, 0.1%, 0.02%, 855 kg/m3, 3.6 cSt, respectively. The values of these parameters meet the Indonesian biodiesel standards. The performance of dry washing exhibited the capacity of biodiesel washing of 0.56 kg/minute or 0.65 l/min, an energy consumption of 315 kJ/kg which was less than the energy consumption of water washing (1361 kJ/kg).
Adaptive Strategies for expansion of coconut cultivation into marginal areas under the challenge of climate change
Authors: Peries R R A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
It is predicted that by the year 2050, zonal borders could change in coconut-growing regions in South and Southeast Asia, with rainfall either decreasing in the traditional coconut-growing regions or rainfall increasing in non-traditional drier regions where the soil lacks adequate capacity to store extra soil water. An innovative technology is presented that can ameliorate heavy clay subsoil which can be beneficial in extending coconut cultivation under both of the above scenarios. The practice can lead to the aggregation of heavy clay thereby improving the resilience of soil to capture, store and provide increased amounts of plant-available water. The practice known as subsoil manuring has the potential for an adaptive strategy to a warming and drying climate.
Picosecond laser microvia drilling of ABF material using MHz burst mode
Authors: Franz Daniel , Häfner Tom , Bischoff Kay , Helm Jonas , Kunz Tim , Rung Stefan , Esen Cemal , Hellmann Ralf 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We report on a comprehensive study of laser percussion microvia drilling of Ajinomoto build-up film (ABF) material using an ultrashort pulsed laser in MHz burst mode. After laser processing, microvia drilling quality is being evaluated by the fabricated diameter and taper using laser scanning microscopy and metallography. The influences of the incubation effect, heat accumulation and shielding effects as a result of pulse to pulse interactions are being discussed on the ablation threshold, penetration depth and laser microvia drilling quality. We find that an increasing heat accumulation in MHz burst mode processing is responsible for the void formation and delamination of the insulating ABF layer. Therefore, the parameter clearance is introduced to evaluate these effects on the microvia sidewalls. For a comparable clearance, applying 2 intra-burst pulses achieves an average reduced taper of down to 19.5% compared to single pulse mode. At the same time, a reduced laser drilling time of 16.7% per microvia highlights the enormous potential of the MHz burst mode for laser drilling of ABF material in printed circuit board fabrication.
Recent advances of mussel-inspired materials in osteoarthritis therapy
Authors: Xiao Fujie , Yan Liwei , Ding Yonghui , Lu Xiong , Xie Chaoming 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic joint disease that significantly affects the quality of life and can lead to disability. Oral and intra-articular administration are the main clinical treatments used to alleviate inflammation and pain. However, the therapeutic efficiency of these approaches is limited by burst drug release, poor retention time, and undesirable toxic effects. In recent years, mussel-inspired materials with strong interfacial adhesiveness have been considered as promising candidates for the treatment of OA. These materials can act as delivery platforms to enhance drug availability; moreover, they display multiple non-pharmacological pathways that alleviate OA. In this review, we introduce the pathological features of OA, summarize the fabrication methods for mussel-inspired materials, and highlight their superiority in response to recent therapeutic strategies for OA.