bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Naturalistas y científicos extranjeros influyentes en el desarrollo de las ciencias biológicas en Costa Rica
Authors: Quirós Luko Hilje 
Published: September 2023

Introducción: Desde los inicios de su vida republicana, el desarrollo de las ciencias biológicas en Costa Rica ha estado muy influido por centenares de naturalistas y científicos extranjeros, quienes han efectuado actividades de exploración, investigación y publicación en relación con su biodiversidad.
Objetivo: Para entender mejor sus contribuciones, en este artículo se hace un recorrido histórico, con énfasis en el último siglo y medio, en cuanto a las motivaciones que atrajeron a estas personas a Costa Rica, así como a sus aportes científicos concretos.
Métodos: Para tratar este tema se definieron seis criterios: a) si fueron residentes o itinerantes; b) si mantuvieron una relación frecuente con Costa Rica; c) si realizaron recolección de especímenes; d) el tipo de publicación y e) si efectuaron docencia o gestión institucional.
Resultados: La información está organizada en seis grandes secciones, estructuradas de manera cronológica, así: los primeros inventarios de la biodiversidad de Costa Rica (1513-1842), el reconocimiento de las ciencias biológicas en la cultura costarricense (1839-1848), la inserción de las ciencias biológicas en la cultura costarricense (1854-1886), la institucionalización de las ciencias biológicas en Costa Rica (1886-1900), Costa Rica como meca para efectuar exploraciones biológicas (1900-1957) y la formación de profesionales en ciencias biológicas (1940-2021).
Conclusiones: Esta periodización nos permite contextualizar los aportes de dichos naturalistas o científicos en el tiempo, así como visualizar de mejor manera los acontecimientos y las circunstancias económicas, sociales y políticas que condicionaron sus labores científicas.
Increased volatility in video poker results in more winning players but shorter winning streaks – Evidence from simulations
Authors: Palomäki Jussi , Turner Nigel , Macey Joseph , Castrén Sari 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjective and MethodElectronic gambling machines are a prominent cause of significant gambling harms globally. We use simulations of a simplified video poker game to show how changes in game volatility, defined primarily by the size of the main prize, affect patterns of wins and losses as well as winning streaks.ResultsWe found that in low- and medium volatility games the proportion of winning players quickly drops to zero after about 30 h of play, while in the high volatility game 5% of players are still winning after playing for 100 h. However, the proportion of winning streaks was significantly higher in the low- and medium volatility games compared with high volatility: the simulated players were on a winning streak about 26.3, 25.6 and 18% of the time in the low-, medium- and high volatility games, respectively.ConclusionsFast-paced video poker with varying volatility levels but identical return-to-player rates and win frequencies can yield highly different result patterns across individuals. These patterns may be counter-intuitive for players and difficult to realize without simulations and visualizations. We argue that the findings have relevance for responsible gambling communication and for building a better understanding of how cognitive biases influence gambling behaviour.
Evaluating the role of psychedelic psychotherapy in addressing societal alienation: Imaginaries of liberation
Authors: Tempone-Wiltshire Julien , Matthews Floren 
Published: September 2023

AbstractQuestions are currently being posed concerning the implications of the clinical uptake of psychedelics. While enthusiasm surrounds the potential therapeutic benefits of psychedelics and critique surrounds their appropriation to commercial ends, limited attention has been given to the role of psychedelics in generating social transformation. Herbert Marcuse contended radical change requires ‘new imaginaries of liberation’. We consider whether clinical uptake of psychedelics may produce the perceptual shifts necessary to generate social transformation surrounding contemporary alienating conditions. Economic structures contributing to these alienating conditions are highly resistant to change and may neuter psychedelics' revolutionary potential. We illustrate how psychedelics may be instrumentalised: regulating individuals into unjust systems; redirecting psychedelic usage away from therapeutic ends towards productivity; distracting or diverting attention from systemic forms of control; usurping non-ordinary states into the domain of self-care; and fetishistically commodifying psychedelic experience as a consumable. There are, however, reasons to believe that psychedelics, in raising consciousnesses, may prove resistant to co-option. In particular, psychedelics induce perceptual experiences that: challenge the paradigmatic assumptions of industrial society by provoking alternative epistemologies and metaphysics; generate expanded or ecological constructions of selfhood, thereby offering resignifications of meanings, desires, and life potentials; and offer the enriched phenomenological insight into self, other, and world called for in combating ubiquitous social alienation. In this way, psychedelics may induce the revolution in perception necessary to imagine liberatory potentials and spark the desire for collective emancipation.
TESCREAL hallucinations: Psychedelic and AI hype as inequality engines
Authors: Devenot Neşe 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsWhile many scholars have called attention to similarities between the earlier SSRI hype and the ongoing hype for psychedelic medications, the rhetoric of psychedelic hype is tinged with utopian and esoteric aspirations that have no parallel in the discourse surrounding SSRIs or other antidepressants. This utopian discourse provides insight into the ways that global tech elites are instrumentalizing both psychedelics and artificial intelligence (AI) as tools in a broader world-building project that justifies increasing material inequality. If realized, this project would undermine the use of both tools for prosocial and pro-environmental outcomes.MethodsMy argument develops through rhetorical analysis of the ways that industry leaders envision the future of medicalized psychedelics in their public communications. I draw on examples from media interviews, blog posts, podcasts, and press releases to underscore the persuasive strategies and ideological commitments that are driving the movement to transform psychedelics into pharmaceutical medications.ResultsCounterfactual efforts to improve mental health by increasing inequality are widespread in the psychedelics industry. These efforts have been propelled by an elitist worldview that is widely-held in Silicon Valley. The backbone of this worldview is the TESCREAL bundle of ideologies, which describes an interrelated cluster of belief systems: transhumanism, Extropianism, singularitarianism, cosmism, Rationalism, Effective Altruism, and longtermism.ConclusionsThis article demonstrates that TESCREALism is a driving force in major segments of the psychedelic pharmaceutical industry, where it is influencing the design of extractive systems that directly contradict the field's world-healing aspirations. These findings contribute to a developing subfield of critical psychedelic studies, which interrogates the political and economic implications of psychedelic medicalization.
Proteins in the design of sustainable plastics alternatives
Authors: Chan Wui Yarn 
Published: September 2023

AbstractProteins have great potential as renewable materials, and the valorization of protein-rich byproducts in food production and biorefineries can additionally increase the environmental and economical sustainability of these sectors. Proteins are polyamides that are characterized by their extensive intra- and intermolecular interactions. They are stiff and brittle, and have high softening temperatures in the absence of solvents or plasticizers. In this prospective, strategies that convert proteins into mechanically robust and processable materials are summarized. Structure–property relationships are discussed alongside protein modification and material design strategies, and the challenges and outlook for protein-based materials are presented.
Graphical abstract
Достижения перинатальной реформы и резервы дальнейшего сокращения младенческой смертности в России
Authors: Макаренцева Алла Олеговна 
Published: September 2023

В статье раскрывается динамика младенческой смертности в России после так называемой перинатальной реформы 2012 г. Несмотря на достижение низких показателей в целом (4,4 промилле в 2022 г.), в структуре младенческой смертности неоправданно высокой остается доля постнеонатальной смертности, а доля неонатальной смертности существенно ниже, чем в других развитых странах. Анализ причин смерти показывает, что вклад предотвратимых причин остается высоким. Так, несмотря на то, что за последнее десятилетие основное снижение смертности пришлось на класс «отдельные состояния, возникающие в перинатальном периоде» (с 48,1 до 23,4 на 10 тыс. родившихся живыми), доля этого класса от числа всех умерших на первом году жизни снизилась незначительно, с 56 до 51%. По результатам эконометрического анализа автор утверждает, что наличие организаций третьего уровня родовспоможения вносит существенный вклад в сокращение младенческой смертности на региональном уровне. Анализ проблемы преждевременных родов демонстрирует ее значительный вклад в показатели младенческой смертности. В завершение автор предлагает ряд шагов в организационно-медицинской части, а также в части расширения связанных статистических и аналитических возможностей в целях дальнейшего сокращения младенческой смертности в России.
Características sociodemográficas y clínicas, según el índice CD4:CD8, de una población de personas infectadas con el VIH que consultó en la Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas de Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Villegas-Arbeláez Esteban , Botero-Garcés Jorge Humberto , Alzate-Ángel Juan Carlos 
Published: September 2023

Introducción: las personas infectadas con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana tipo 1 (VIH-1+) con un índice CD4:CD8 menor a 1, presentan un mayor riesgo de morbilidad y mortalidad por eventos no asociados con el SIDA. El objetivo de este trabajo fue explorar‚ en la población seleccionada‚ variables sociodemográficas y clínicas de acuerdo con dicho índice, debido a que este es más informativo que LT CD4+ y LT CD8+ por sí solos.
Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional en pacientes con VIH-1+ atendidos en la Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB). En 227 pacientes se evaluaron diferencias en edad‚ recuento de LT CD4+‚ carga viral‚ número y tipo de esquemas. Se dividieron los pacientes en dos grupos: (A con índice CD4:CD8 ≥ 1 y, B < 1).
Resultados: el estudio se compuso de la siguiente forma, 71 % hombres y 29 % mujeres. El 22,5 % pertenecía al grupo A y el 77,5 % al B. La media de la edad fue 42‚8 años en el grupo A y 45 en el B (p = 0‚176). El 100 % de los individuos en el grupo A recibían tratamiento y, 97‚7 % en el B. La media de LT CD4+ fue de 772‚4 para el grupo A y, 448‚1 en el B (p = 0‚00001). En el grupo A el 90‚2 % tenían carga viral indetectable‚ en contraste con el 68‚8 % del B (p = 0‚002). El 41‚2 % en el grupo A tuvieron un solo esquema‚ en relación con el 43,8 % del B (p = 0‚744).
Conclusiones: la mayoría de los pacientes presentaron un índice CD4:CD8 < 1 a pesar de haber presentado LT CD4+ aceptables. Fue más frecuente encontrar un índice < 1 en los pacientes sin un adecuado control virológico. Se requieren más estudios para determinar las variables asociadas con su normalización.
Assessment of miR-182, miR-221 and CEA Expression in the Peripheral Blood of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) Patients
Authors: Rasouli Amir , Arzi Laleh , Khademi Saideh , Mohamadnia Abdolreza 
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Head and neck cancer is the sixth common cancer in the world, of which the oral cavity is the most frequent type. It was diagnosed on more than 377,700 cases worldwide in 2020. Access to high-quality care leading to a more specific and earlier diagnosis of this cancer is crucial. Therefore, researchers attempt to investigate and detect efficient biological tumor marker. The present study aimed to investigate the changes in the expressions of miR-182, miR-221, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the peripheral blood of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and compare them with healthy individuals to detect early OSCC.
Materials and Methods:30 peripheral blood samples from patients with OSCC (19 male and 11 female), aged 25-70, were obtained from the cancer institute of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, and 30 peripheral blood samples from healthy individuals (20 male and 10 female) aged 26-70 were collected. Real-time PCR was carried out to investigate the differences in the expressions of miR-182, miR-221, and ELISA was used to measure CEA protein expression.
Results: Among the subjects with OSCC 83% showed miR-182 expression, 93% revealed miR-221 expression and 96% demonstrated CEA expression. Whereas, these expressions were 26%, 20% and 13%, respectively, for the healthy group. The simultaneous detection of miR-182 and miR-221 was 73% in the individuals with OSCC. The simultaneous observation of miR-182, miR-221, and CEA in the group with OSCC was 60%. The expression level of miR-221 in the group with OSCC was 2.63 times that of the healthy subjects, and the expression level of miR-182 in the individuals with OSCC was 2.29 times that of the healthy group.
Conclusion: The results of this study nominated miR-182, miR-221, and CEA as biomarkers for early diagnosis and consequently improvement of survival rate of patients suffering from OSCC.
Dentigerous cyst associated with an impacted anterior maxillary supernumerary tooth (mesiodens):case report
Authors: Abbasi Fatemeh , Bayat Zeynab , Lahooti Anita 
Published: September 2023

Background: dentigerous cysts are commonly seen in association with third molars and maxillary canines. Only 5–6% of dentigerous cysts are associated with supernumerary teeth. We report a rare case of dentigerous cyst associated with an impacted anterior maxillary supernumerary tooth (mesiodens)
CASE presentation: A 30 -year-old male reported to our Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry at Hamedan University of Medical Sciences , with chief complaint of a painless swelling in the anterior upper jaw(in the region of incisors) for a duration of 3 month . At the time of his presenting, His medical history was unremarkable, with no systemic problems and no report of pain.
Conclusion: Although the association of dentigerous cyst with an impacted supernumerary tooth(mesiodens) is rare, prevention of harmful complications as developmental cyst, early diagnosis and treatment is necessary.the standard treatment is Enucleation
Actual and Ideal Support and Supervision in Clinical Education Settings: Comparing the Perspectives of Nursing Students and Clinical Instructors
Authors: B Mohammadian , A Sharifi , S Rahimi , M Poorsmaill , MH Esmaeilzadeh , SM Razavi 
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Nursing is a practical profession in which clinical training is the basic medical training program. Clinical training is so important that it is considered as the core of professional education. The aim of the present study was to compare the perceptions of nursing students and clinical instructors about the actual and ideal support and supervision in a clinical setting.
Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, 130 nursing students and 30 clinical instructors of Gonabad Medical Science University are reviewed via census method. The data collection instrument includes the “Perception of Extent of Support and Supervision Survey” questionnaire which is designed in both real and expected status. The findings were analyzed using SPSS20 software and descriptive and analytical statistics.
Results: There is a significant difference between the actual and ideal perception of nursing students and clinical instructors in the support and supervision domains, so in the support domain, the expectation of nursing students was not met by clinical instructors, and in the supervision domain, the actual degree of supervision is greater than the students' expectation. However, clinical instructors have believed that the ideal support and supervision of students is provided by the clinical instructor.
Conclusion: Conclusion: The results indicate that there is a gap in the view of clinical instructors and nursing students towards the actual and ideal support and supervision of students in clinical education environments. This gap may have negative effects on the clinical learning of students.
Discutindo definições na escola: práticas e reflexões sobre o ato de definir com alunos do ensino fundamental
Authors: Souza Lígia Fabiana de , Mota Ariane Vicente , Ribeiro Pâmela Teixeira , Serra Luís Henrique 
Published: September 2023

Este artigo relata uma experiência didática que propôs a elaboração de definições como prática de produção textual para alunos de 7º ano do Ensino Fundamental II de uma escola do município de São Paulo. Para essa atividade, foram selecionados vocábulos do cotidiano e, dentre as palavras definidas pelos alunos, elegeu-se para análise deste artigo as definições propostas para as palavras mulher e criança. Os resultados foram analisados a partir das teorias sobre enunciados definitórios (FINATTO, 2001) e das abordagens culturais (CLAS, 2014) desenvolvidas no bojo dos estudos das linguagens especializadas: a Terminologia. Como resultado, percebeu-se que a atividade estimulou nos alunos a reflexão metalinguística sobre o ato de definir e o desenvolvimento de novas habilidades, conforme orientações curriculares vigentes.
Ensuring the Uniformity of Measurements in the Field of Radiation Thermometry on the Basis of a New Definition of the Unit of Temperature
Authors: Sild Iu. A. 
Published: September 2023

Ensuring the uniformity of measurements (EUM) in the field of temperature measurements, in particular radiation thermometry is one of the main tasks of metrology solved at the state level. The system of metrological support (MS) of radiation thermometry means requires continuous maintenance at the level that meets modern requirements of science, technology, and industry. In order to develop and improve the EUM system in radiation thermometry, a number of measures have been taken in recent years, namely: a new standard base has been developed, including the creation of the State primary standard (SPS) of a temperature unit in the range from 0 °C to 3 200 °C, implementing a new definition of kelvin; a new State verification schedule (SVS) has been developed, which regulates the transfer of the temperature unit to working means from the SPS.To reduce the load on the SPS, decrease the loss of accuracy in the transfer of a unit of thermodynamic temperature and meet the increased requirements for metrological support of measuring instruments, a secondary standard (SS) of a temperature unit was created and studied in accordance with the new definition of kelvin. It included high-temperature blackbody based on fixed points of pure metals and eutectics, a blackbody and comparators that ensure the transfer of a temperature unit in the range from 961.78 °C to 3 200 °C.Based on the results of the research, the created State secondary standard (reference standard) of the temperature unit in the range from 961.78 °C to 3 200 °C was approved by the order of Rosstandart dated November 21, 2022 No. 2931 and fully meets the requirements in accordance with the SVS for temperature MI.
Research on Vibration Characteristics of Mountain Orchard
Transporter and Optimization of Trailer
Authors: Ouyang Yuping , Huang Jiarui , Song Kaifang 
Published: September 2023

In order to reduce the vibration of the transporter and improve the stability of the transporter, the vibration characteristics and key structure optimization research of the mountain orchard transporter are carried out. In this paper, the vibration of electric monorail transporters under different working conditions is tested, and the causes of vibration generated by monorail transporter during operation are explored. The three-dimensional model of the trailer and transmission box is established using Solidworks, and the modal vibration modes of the structure are analyzed theoretically. The modal test system is used for modal test analysis of trailers and transmission boxes. By comparing the results of finite element and experimental modal analysis, the second-order frequency of the trailer is close to the motor&#039;s rotating excitation frequency of 50 Hz at rated speed, which is easy to generate resonance. By optimizing the structure of the trailer, the second and third natural frequencies are increased to 54.79 Hz and 58.35 Hz respectively, which avoid the resonance of the trailer during operation and effectively reduce the vibration generated during the transportation of the trailer. Through vibration testing of the optimized electric monorail transporter, the results of vibration testing before and after structural optimization are compared and analyzed, and it is found that the vibration amplitudes of the transporter in X, Y and Z directions are reduced by 0.308m/s², 0.351m/s² and 0.334m/s² respectively, the running stability of the conveyer is improved.
Transfer of Land Ownership and Marginalization as Impact of Tourism Industry
Authors: Sumarja Fransiscus Xaverius , Sujadmiko Bayu , Nguyen Tien Dung , Rusmawati Dianne Eka 
Published: September 2023

Tourism has emerged as one of the foremost industries experiencing rapid growth. Over the past few decades, the sector has witnessed continuous development in Indonesia, evident from the increasing number of foreign tourist arrivals. The rapid growth of tourism in various regions has undeniably yielded positive impacts on both investment and the overall economy. However, it has also given rise to a multitude of challenges that need to be addressed. One of the challenges pertains to the issue of land ownership, specifically concerning the acquisition of residents' lands surrounding tourist destinations by foreign individuals, which is strictly prohibited under Indonesian law. Therefore, a comparative analysis between Indonesia and Malaysia is needed to identify regulation problems to potentially increase cases of legal smuggling of foreign land ownership transfers. This study explains the practice of land ownership by foreigners in the Pesisir Barat District of Lampung, along with the associated problems analyzed through a socio-legal approach. The results show that tourism undeniably benefits the economic sector, and resulted in legal infringements concerning land ownership, leading to the marginalization and displacement of local communities. This study adopts a comparative law method, elucidating the respective provisions of both Indonesia and Malaysia, supplemented by a normative juridical approach to examine legal principles, regulations, and systematics through the examination of relevant library materials. Consequently, it is essential to enhance the regulations surrounding the transfer of land to foreigners, including Foreign Citizens and Foreign Legal Entities with representatives in Indonesia, emulating the stringent land tenure restrictions imposed by Malaysia on foreign nationals.