bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ab-initio trained machine learning potential for MAX compound Ti2AlC: Construction, validation, and study of non linear elasticity
Authors: Ghosh Aishwaryo , Moitra Amitava , Saha-Dasgupta Tanusri 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
One of the intriguing features exhibited by the layered MAX phase compounds, is the non linear elastic behaviour. Since the experimental observation of this curious behaviour, the underlying micro-mechanism has been discussed to interpret experimental observations. However, the theoretical investigation remained a challenge due to the associated length and time scales of the phenomena. In the present work, we adopt a data driven approach to develop a machine learned interatomic potential for the MAX compound Ti$_2$AlC following the Moment Tensor Potential protocol. The constructed potential is validated in lattice constant, formation energy, elastic constant, and stacking fault energies. Finally, applying machine learned potential in classical molecular dynamics provides a faithful&#xD;representation of the experimentally observed non linear elasticity for Ti$_2$AlC. The generated atomic configurations confirm the proposal of formation of ripplocations which allow atomic layers to glide relative to each other without breaking the in-plane bonds. We find common defects, like Al vacancy, strongly influence the hysteresis properties of the stress-strain curve, paving the route to defect-engineered non linear elasticity.
Evaluation of safe exposure time for two-photon microscopy imaging of acrylic-painted mock-ups
Authors: Mattana Sara , Dal Fovo Alice , Baria Enrico , Fontana Raffaella , Cicchi Riccardo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Nonlinear optical microscopies are widely used in the biological and biomedical fields, as they are non-invasive techniques that permit the safe structural and morphological characterisation of cells and tissues. They are increasingly being used in the Cultural Heritage field because of their ability to overcome some limits of the well-established optical techniques. However, since nonlinear optical microscopies use pulsed laser sources with high peak power, their application in Cultural Heritage raises concerns due to artworks' unique, priceless, and delicate nature. In this paper, we present a new method for evaluating the photo-induced damage when using a near-infrared femtosecond pulsed laser to perform two-photon excited fluorescence imaging of acrylic-painted mock-ups. In particular, we explore herein several irradiation conditions, varying the exposure time and excitation power, in order to provide useful experimental indications for safely imaging acrylic paints with two-photon microscopy.
Predicting nonequilibrium Green's function dynamics and photoemission spectra via nonlinear integral operator learning
Authors: Zhu Yuanran , Yin Jia , Reeves Cian , Yang Chao , Vlcek Vojtech 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of nonequilibrium quantum many-body systems is an important research topic in a wide range of fields across condensed matter physics, quantum optics, and high-energy physics. However, numerical studies of large-scale nonequilibrium phenomena in realistic materials face serious challenges due to intrinsic high-dimensionality of quantum many-body problems and the absence of time-invariance. The nonequilibrium properties of many-body systems can be described by the dynamics of the correlator, or the Green's function of the system, whose time evolution is given by a high-dimensional system of integro-differential equations, known as the Kadanoff-Baym equations (KBEs). The time-convolution term in KBEs, which needs to be recalculated at each time step, makes it difficult to perform long-time numerical simulation. In this paper, we develop an operator-learning framework based on Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) to address this challenge.&#xD;We utilize RNNs to learn the nonlinear mapping between Green's functions and convolution integrals in KBEs.&#xD;By using the learned operators as a surrogate model in the KBE solver, we obtain a general machine-learning scheme for predicting the dynamics of nonequilibrium Green's functions. Besides significant savings per each time step, the new methodology reduces the temporal computational complexity from $O(N_t^3)$ to $O(N_t)$ &#xD;where $N_t$ is the number of steps taken in a simulation, thereby&#xD;making it possible to study large many-body problems which are currently infeasible with conventional KBE solvers. &#xD;Through various numerical examples, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the operator-learning based approach in providing accurate predictions of physical observables such as the reduced density matrix and time-resolved photoemission spectra. &#xD;Moreover, our framework exhibits clear numerical convergence and can be easily parallelized, thereby facilitating many possible further developments and applications.
Neuromorphic compliant control facilitates human-prosthetic performance for hand grasp functions
Authors: Xie Anran , Zhang Zhuozhi , Zhang Jie , Chen Weidong , Patton James L , Lan Ning 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Current bionic hands lack the ability of fine force manipulation for grasping fragile objects due to missing human neuromuscular compliance in control. This incompatibility between prosthetic devices and the sensorimotor system has resulted in a high abandonment rate of hand prostheses. To tackle this challenge, we employed a neuromorphic modeling approach, biorealistic control, to regain human-like grasping ability. The biorealistic control restored muscle force regulation and stiffness adaptation using neuromorphic modeling of the neuromuscular reflex units, which was capable of real-time computing of model outputs. We evaluated the dexterity of the biorealistic control with a set of delicate grasp tasks that simulated varying challenging scenarios of grasping fragile objects in daily activities of life, including the Box and Block Task, the Glass Box Task, and the Potato Chip Task. The performance of the biorealistic control was compared with that of proportional control.&#xD;Results indicated that the biorealistic control with the compliance of the neuromuscular reflex units significantly outperformed the proportional control with more efficient grip forces, higher success rates, fewer break and drop rates. Post-task survey questionnaires revealed that the biorealistic control reduced subjective burdens of task difficulty and improved subjective confidence in control performance significantly. The outcome of the evaluation confirmed that the biorealistic control could achieve superior abilities in fine, accurate, and efficient grasp control for prosthetic users.&#xD;
Predicting the reduction in heatstroke and heart disease-related mortality under urban modification scenarios using machine learning
Authors: Ohashi Yukitaka , Nakajima Ko , Takane Yuya , Kikegaw Yukihiro , Ihara Tomohiko , Oka Kazutaka 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study proposes a novel approach combining machine learning (ML) techniques with meteorological model simulations to evaluate the heat-related mortality reduction potential of a climate change adaptation measure, namely, the installation of energy-saving or temperature-decreasing modifications in an urban area (e.g., greening, high-albedo paints, and photovoltaics). These methods have been used separately to assess the future urban health. The Weather Research and Forecasting–Canopy-Building Energy Model (WRF–CMBEM) was used to simulate spatiotemporal urban meteorological conditions, and ML was applied to predict daily heat-related deaths in the 23 wards of Tokyo during the extremely hot summer of 2018. The urban energy-saving and heat island mitigation scenarios evaluated in this study were ground surface greening, no anthropogenic heat from buildings to the atmosphere, rooftop photovoltaics, and cool roofs. ML accurately predicted heatstroke- and ischemic heart disease (IHD)-related daily deaths using important meteorological factors. After meteorological changes from the control case to four urban modification scenarios were predicted using the WRF–CMBEM, potential reductions in heat stress-related deaths were estimated using previously successful ML-trained models. The results showed that in July–August 2018, the ground surface greening case effectively decreased the outdoor surface air temperature by 0.28 °C (50-percentile), 0.37 °C (90-percentile), and 0.56 °C (Max) in all grids resolved at 1 km. Temperature changes reduced heatstroke deaths by 43% and IHD deaths by 18% during the peak period of deaths in summer 2018. Cool roofs resulted in temperature decreases of 0.23 °C (50-percentile), 0.31 °C (90-percentile), and 0.36 °C (Max) and 14% and 13% reductions in heatstroke and IHD deaths, respectively. The results suggest that the implementation of urban modifications can effectively reduce heat-related deaths, especially during heatwaves and extremely hot summers.
Exploring the role of clouds in offshore wind potential off the US West Coast in a changing climate
Authors: Bukovsky Melissa S , Haupt Sue Ellen , McGinnis Seth , Juliano Timothy W , Mitra Arka , Krishnamurthy Raghu , Ghate Virendra 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
To meet US goals of deploying additional wind energy as part of the decarbonization strategy, wind plants are being planned for the deep water offshore the western US. The wind flow in that region is complex due to the proximity to the coast, cold water upwelling, and persistent stratiform clouds that interact with radiation in ways that have the potential to destabilize the atmosphere. That flow has the potential to change with a changing climate. To address these issues, we assess the flow and the clouds in that region using downscaled climate model data, under both historic climate (1975–2005) and projected future (2025–2055) conditions. We note that the climate simulations agree fairly well with the cloud patterns observed by satellite data in the nearshore and offshore regions. We then assess the projected changes in clouds, wind speed, and other important variables, noting that our simulations project that the predominant north/northwesterly low-level jet is expected to strengthen and clouds are likely to be commensurately enhanced, although projected changes are within about 10% of current conditions. Our examination of the dynamics associated with the changes in the climate simulations provides confidence in the dynamical consistency of these projected changes.
Phenomenological concepts in superconductivity
Authors: Genenko Yuri , Rauh Hermann 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter gives an outline of the theoretical key ingredients underlying the present text. It starts with introducing of the macroscopic quantum wavefunction and the generalized London theory and derives the quantization of the magnetic flux thereof. The single and multiple interacting Abrikosov vortices follow as the solutions of the generalized London equation. Based on the Lorentz force exerted upon vortices the concept of pinning of vortices and the respective critical current are introduced. This paves the way for the formulation of Bean’s model of the critical state. The latter is then used for the evaluation of the magnetization loops of a type-II superconductor slab for the cases of an applied magnetic field and an imposed transport current. The magnetic flux flow and the related energy dissipation are discussed. Finally, the idea of magnetic field conditioning using magnetic environments is disclosed and illustrated by simple examples of magnetic shielding.
Critical characteristics of bulk superconductors in nonideal paramagnetic environments
Authors: Genenko Yuri , Rauh Hermann 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The question studied in this Chapter is whether the redistributions of the current established in previous Chapters for magnetically shielded thin superconductors can occur in bulk superconductors of more sophisticated geometries too. It is shown that magnetic environments have a significant impact on the penetration of magnetic flux into bulk superconducting constituents and, particularly, on the critical conditions of the first magnetic flux entry in superconductors. Particularly, the Bean-Livingston barrier at the paramagnet/superconductor interface is investigated.
Husserlian Complexifications
Authors: Zahavi Dan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Taking its point of departure in Husserl’s multidimensional account of self and his distinction between a pure ego and a personal ego, this chapter argues that the thin experiential notion of self must be supplemented with a thicker normative notion of self if we are to understand how something like group identification and we-membership is to be possible. To merely focus on the first-personal subjectivity is insufficient, since only a self defined in terms of features that are shareable, such as roles, narratives, commitments, and values, will be able to identify with others who partake in similar roles and share similar norms and values. This chapter ends by considering whether Garfield is right in claiming that only the realization that none of us are selves can pave the way for a proper appreciation of communal life.
Group Identification
Authors: Zahavi Dan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter distinguishes groups where membership can be externally assigned from groups where membership requires an experiential anchoring and then moves on to discuss some of the core ideas in social identity theory, in particular the idea that individuals are changed psychologically in group settings and that it is therefore necessary to explore the group if we are to fully understand the psychology of the individual. This chapter highlights the role that processes of categorization and depersonalization play for group belongingness and group formation and defends the plurality requirement: Even if members of a we must be bound together in some fashion, even if the togetherness distinctive of a we requires some kind of integration, we should not be looking for an undifferentiated fusional unity.
The Question of Primacy
Authors: Zahavi Dan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter discusses whether the first-person singular perspective is prior to, equiprimordial with, or dependent upon the first-person plural perspective and defends the first option. As is made clear, such a defence in no way disputes factual co-occurrence, the idea that we are together with others from the very start. The chapter ends by pointing out that even if a we requires some pre-existing form of selfhood, the existence of genuine we-phenomena will also put pressure on certain traditional conceptions of consciousness. In particular, and this is a question that will be pursued further in Part II, if it is acknowledged that we can come to share intentions, emotions, and even identities with others, will this not challenge classical ontological individualism?
Empathy
Authors: Zahavi Dan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A we necessarily involves more than one member, but how are individuals to relate to and understand each other if they are to constitute a we together? Are all forms of social cognition equally conducive to the emergence of a we-perspective or are some forms more important than others? Drawing on the work of Husserl, Stein, and Scheler, this chapter presents a phenomenological account of empathy and argues that empathy, understood not as imaginative perspective taking or as affective sharing but as a distinct experiential acquaintance with others, is crucial if we are to make sense of the idea that we can share experiences with others.
Explaining Distinctively Human Cognition
Authors: Schulz Armin W 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter sketches the major existing treatments of the nature and evolution of distinctively human cognition: modular, nativist views, cultural learning–based views, and symbol processing–based views. (Some further, more specific accounts are discussed in later chapters.) It lays out the benefits of these different views, but also shows why they, on their own, fall short of providing a compelling account of the nature and evolution of distinctively human cognition. The chapter ends by providing a list of open questions that we still need answers to. In this way, the chapter helps us understand why a new treatment of the evolution of distinctively human cognition is needed.
Conclusion
Authors: Schulz Armin W 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The final chapter of the book pulls together all the strings developed in the previous chapters and summarizes the overall picture that results. Human cognition, while not necessarily differing in kind from what is found among non-human animals, is still unique and distinctive in many ways. A compelling account of the evolution and development of distinctively human cognition is based on an interactionist feedback loop that links cumulative cultural learning, cognitive and social technology, and innate representational expectations. Understanding this point is not just inherently interesting, but also has implications for matters of contemporary importance.
Coherence, Monochromaticity, and High Order Emission
Authors: Doucas George 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter derives the expected radiated energy when a bunch containing (N) electrons passes over a grating with many periods. It is shown that the result depends on the distribution of these N electrons inside the bunch and in particular, on the longitudinal (time) profile of the bunch. The concept of coherence is introduced to describe the situation when the bunch is short compared to the wavelength of the radiation, and the consequent dramatic increase in radiated energy. There is a detailed analysis of when the emitted radiation can be considered to be monochromatic, depending on the separation between grating and detector. Also included in this chapter is a discussion of the possible advantages of working with higher emission orders. The chapter concludes with a brief summary of the inverse Smith–Purcell effect whereby energy is transferred from an electromagnetic wave to a particle beam.
The Smith–Purcell Process as a Source of THz Radiation
Authors: Doucas George 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The chapter deals with the potential use of Smith–Purcell (SP) radiation as a tuneable source in the THz part of the spectrum. An SP-based source is assessed in terms of tuneability, power, and coverage of this band. As far as tuneability is concerned, it is shown that wavelength selection can be achieved easily, either by changing the energy of the beam or by changing the observation angle. It is also shown that just two gratings, with suitable periodicities, are sufficient to cover the whole of this wavelength band. The expected output power from such a source is compared to that from a synchrotron radiation source and is shown to be at least as good, in that part of the spectrum. Finally, there is a brief discussion of the possibilities offered by opting for higher-order emission.
Visual feature processing in a large stroke cohort: evidence against modular organization
Authors: Lugtmeijer Selma , Sobolewska Aleksandra M , de Haan Edward H F , Scholte H Steven 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Mid-level visual processing represents a crucial stage between basic sensory input and higher-level object recognition. The conventional model posits that fundamental visual qualities, such as colour and motion, are processed in specialized, retinotopic brain regions (e.g. V4 for colour, MT/V5 for motion). Using atlas-based lesion–symptom mapping and disconnectome maps in a cohort of 307 ischaemic stroke patients, we examined the neuroanatomical correlates underlying the processing of eight mid-level visual qualities.
Contrary to the predictions of the standard model, our results did not reveal consistent relationships between processing impairments and damage to traditionally associated brain regions. Although we validated our methodology by confirming the established relationship between visual field defects and damage to primary visual areas (V1, V2 and V3), we found no reliable evidence linking processing deficits to specific regions in the posterior brain.
These findings challenge the traditional modular view of visual processing and suggest that mid-level visual processing might be more distributed across neural networks than previously thought. This supports alternative models where visual maps represent constellations of co-occurring information rather than specific qualities.
Reproductive endocrinology of endangered black-footed ferrets: implications for conservation breeding
Authors: Arguelles Daphne A , Edwards Phoebe D , Beyersbergen Ayesha , Holmes Melissa M , Mastromonaco Gabriela F 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) is an endangered North American mustelid. This species is bred in managed care with the goal of reestablishing wild populations. However, individual ferrets in the conservation breeding programme have variable reproductive success. We monitored faecal steroid hormone metabolite profiles of 22 black-footed ferrets across two breeding seasons to examine whether endocrine factors were associated with successful reproduction. Among successfully whelping females, faecal progesterone metabolite concentrations were higher (P = 0.04) and faecal cortisol metabolite (FCM) concentrations were marginally higher (P = 0.07) in the late luteal phase compared to females who did not whelp (likely pseudopregnant). Effect sizes suggested that, in successfully whelping females, faecal oestradiol metabolite levels were higher in the follicular phase and FCM levels lower in the early luteal phase, but with high variation and lack of statistical significance. We speculate that this variation may be because male causes of reproductive failure account for some of these cases of pseudopregnancy. Among males, individuals that failed to successfully copulate had lower faecal testosterone metabolite concentrations than successful sires (P = 0.01). However, males who copulated but failed to sire a litter did not differ from successful sires in testosterone metabolite concentrations. Comparisons of sperm morphology between successful and unsuccessful sires were statistically underpowered, hence poor sperm quality could not be ruled out as a possible cause of these post-copulatory reproductive failures. Our data suggest that individuals who fail to reproduce in managed care are not experiencing chronic stress, based on FCM levels, although changes in females during the early luteal phase warrant further investigation. While male post-copulatory reproductive failure was not associated with deficiencies in sex hormone production, males that fail to copulate could potentially be targeted for testosterone supplementation.