bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Insights Into Hepatic Impairment (HI) Trials
Authors: Haertter Sebastian , Lobmeyer Maximilian , Ferslew Brian C. , Mitra Pallabi , Arnhold Thomas 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTHepatic impairment (HI) trials are traditionally part of the clinical pharmacology development to assess the need for dose adaptation in people with impaired metabolic capacity due to their diseased liver. This review aimed at looking into the data from dedicated HI studies, cluster these data into various categories and connect the effect by HI with reported pharmacokinetics (PK) properties in order to identify patterns that may allow waiver, extrapolations, or adapted HI study designs. Based on a ratio ≥ 2 or ≤ 0.5 in AUC or Cmax between hepatically impaired participants/healthy controls these were considered “positive” or “negative”. In case of more than one HI severity stratum per compound included in the HI trial, the comparison of the AUC ratios for mild, moderate, or severe HI were used to investigate the increase across HI categories. For the in total 436 hits, relevant PK information could be retrieved for 273 compounds of which 199 were categorized negative, 69 positive ups and 5 positive downs. Fourteen out of 69 compounds demonstrated a steep increase in the AUC ratios from mild to severe HI. Compounds demonstrating a steep increase typically had a high plasma protein binding of > 95%, high volume of distribution, lower absolute bioavailability, minor elimination via the kidneys, were predominantly metabolized by CYP3A4 or CYP2D6 and the majority of these compounds were substrates of OATP1B1. While for compounds with steep increase studies in all severity strata may be warranted they may also offer the potential to estimate the appropriate doses in an HI trial. On the other hand, for compounds with slow or no increase across HI severity strata, reduced HI trials may be justified, e.g. only testing PK in moderate HI.
Exploring the potential role of C‐peptide in type 2 diabetes management
Authors: Lin YeunYi , McCrimmon Rory J. , Pearson Ewan R. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractType 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex condition characterised by the interaction between insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction. C‐peptide, a key biomarker of endogenous insulin secretion, has a role in diagnosing type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, its utility in T2D has not been extensively studied. This review provides an overview of the progression of C‐peptide levels over time in T2D and discuss its interpretation in clinical settings. We reviewed current evidence on the relationship between C‐peptide levels and response to antidiabetic drugs, as well as the utility of C‐peptide testing in T2D treatment strategies. We also reviewed available evidence for C‐peptide in predicting future outcomes in T2D. In this review, we hoped to clarify the value of C‐peptide testing in understanding and managing T2D and to highlight areas where further research is needed.
Advancing Women's Social and Political Rights Through a Reinterpretation of Islamic Law: Ayatollah Jannaati's View of Female Political Authority in Shiite Islam
Authors: Goudarzi Masoumeh Rad 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTOne of the most important questions on which Muslim reformers have challenged traditional jurisprudence is that of the institutionalized discrimination against women, with respect to their social and political rights under Islamic jurisprudence. Traditional jurisprudents cite specific verses from the Qur'an and Hadiths and consider the political and social management of Islamic societies to be exclusive to men. Ayatollah Jannaati is one of Iran's leading Shiite Muslim jurisprudents to call for a review of women's rights, based on dynamic jurisprudence, and declares that women, just like men, may hold the highest religious, political, and social positions in Islamic countries, and enjoy equal rights. This article adopts a theological and hermeneutical approach, and references many primary sources in Persian, including Jannaati's books, articles, and interviews, to determine how the new reading of the Qur'an and Hadith, and his unique theological and epistemological presuppositions, have enabled him to issue such a fatwa regarding the political and social rights of women under Islam.
Prognostic scores in patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation: An external validation study
Authors: Fernández‐Avilés Consuelo , Ruiz Ortiz Martín , Fernández Ruiz Ana , Heredia Campos Gloria , Resúa Collazo Adriana , González‐Manzanares Rafael , Delgado Ortega Mónica , Rodríguez Almodóvar Ana , Esteban Martínez Fátima , Maestre Luque Luis Carlos , Morán Salinas Alberto , Torres Zamudio Alberto , Herrera Flores Javier , Díaz Andrade Manuel , López Aguilera José , Anguita Sánchez Manuel , Pan Álvarez‐Osorio Manuel , Mesa Rubio Dolores 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundFour scores have been published in 2022 for assessing mortality risk of patients with tricuspid regurgitation (TR): the TRI‐SCORE, those reported by Hochstadt and Wang and the TRIO score. Our objective was to perform an external validation of available scores for predicting mortality and the combined endpoint of mortality and heart failure (HF) admission, in an independent cohort of patients with severe TR and to compare their discriminative ability.MethodsDiscriminative ability of the scores for predicting events was assessed by means of receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves.ResultsThe validation cohort retrospectively included 614 consecutive patients (69 ± 13 years, 72% women) with severe TR studied with echocardiography in a tertiary care hospital and followed for up to 14 years (median 5 years, p25‐75 2–7 years), with 358 deaths and 620 HF admissions on follow‐up. Discriminative abilities for predicting death (C‐statistic .72 [95% CI .68–.76] for the TRI‐SCORE; .75 [.71–.78] for the Hochstadt score; .72 [.68–.76] for the Wang score; and .74 [.70–.78] for the TRIO score, p < .0005 for all) or the combined endpoint (C‐statistic .74 [.70–.78]; .74 [.70–.78], .73 [.69–.77] and .76 [.72–.80], respectively, p < .0005 for all) on follow‐up were statistically significant for all of them. Paired comparisons among them for predicting both endpoints were all non‐significant.ConclusionsAll tested scores showed significant and similar discriminative ability for predicting the combined endpoint of mortality or HF admission in this independent validation study of patients with severe TR.
A scoping review evaluating the current state of gut microbiota and its metabolites in valvular heart disease physiopathology
Authors: Chong‐Nguyen Caroline , Yilmaz Bahtiyar , Coles Bernadette , Sokol Harry , MacPherson Andrew , Siepe Matthias , Reineke David , Mosbahi Selim , Tomii Daijiro , Nakase Masaaki , Atighetchi Sarah , Ferro Cyril , Wingert Christoph , Gräni Christoph , Pilgrim Thomas , Windecker Stephan , Blasco Hélène , Dupuy Camille , Emond Patrick , Banz Yara , Losmanovà Tereza , Döring Yvonne , Siontis George C. M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundThe human microbiome is crucial in regulating intestinal and systemic functions. While its role in cardiovascular disease is better understood, the link between intestinal microbiota and valvular heart diseases (VHD) remains largely unexplored.MethodsPeer‐reviewed studies on human, animal or cell models analysing gut microbiota profiles published up to April 2024 were included. Eligible studies used 16S rRNA or shotgun sequencing, metabolite profiling by mass spectrometry, and examined osteogenesis or fibrosis signalling in valve cells. Methods and findings were qualitatively analysed, with data charted to summarize study design, materials and outcomes.ResultsThirteen studies were included in the review: five human, three animal and five in vitro. Of the nine studies on calcific aortic stenosis (CAS), elevated trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO) levels were linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular events in cohort studies, with CAS patients showing higher levels of Bacteroides plebeius, Enterobacteriaceae, Veillonella dispar and Prevotella copri. In vivo, TMAO promoted aortic valve fibrosis, while tryptophan derivatives stimulated osteogenic differentiation and interleukin‐6 secretion in valvular interstitial cells. Two studies on rheumatic mitral valve disease found altered microbiota profiles and lower short‐chain fatty acid levels, suggesting potential impacts on immune regulation. Two studies on Barlow's mitral valve disease in animal models revealed elevated TMAO levels in dogs with congestive heart failure, reduced Paraprevotellaceae, increased Actinomycetaceae and dysbiosis involving Turicibacter and E. coli.ConclusionsTMAO has been mainly identified as a prognostic marker in VHD. Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been observed in various forms of VHD and deserve further study.
Trade and ethnolinguistic differences: A replication and extension
Authors: Gonzalez Javier , Özak Ömer 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe revisit the role of trade on long‐run inter‐ethnic linguistic differences. Dickens (2022) hypothesized that neighboring languages are more similar when agriculture provides potential gains from inter‐ethnic trade. Since his empirical approach confounds inter‐ and intra‐ethnic trade, we replicate his main analysis using improved measures of potential inter‐ethnic gains from trade. Our results confirm the role of trade in inter‐ethnic linguistic differences while showing the difficulty of disentangling the role of inter‐ versus intra‐ethnic trade. We also provide an open‐source computational framework to replicate both sets of results, which others can use to produce original replicable economic research.
Decreased Structural Connectivity Between Thalamic Nuclei and Hippocampus in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy—A Diffusion Tensor Imaging‐Based Study
Authors: Yildirim Mehmet S. , Stepponat Radheshyam , Fischmeister Florian Ph. S. , Tomschik Matthias , Schmidbauer Victor , Khalaveh Farjad , Koren Johannes , Baumgartner Christoph , Pataraia Ekaterina , Bonelli Silvia , Rössler Karl , Kasprian Gregor , Dorfer Christian 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundTemporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) can lead to structural brain abnormalities, with thalamus atrophy being the most common extratemporal alteration. This study used probabilistic tractography to investigate the structural connectivity between individual thalamic nuclei and the hippocampus in TLE.MethodsThirty‐six TLE patients who underwent pre‐surgical 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 18 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Patients were subdivided into TLE with HS (TLE‐HS) and MRI‐negative TLE (TLE‐MRneg). Tractography and whole brain segmentation, including thalamus parcellation, were performed to determine the number of streamlines per mm3 between the thalamic nuclei and hippocampus. Connectivity strength and volume of regions were correlated with clinical data.ResultsThe volume of the entire thalamus ipsilateral to seizure onset was significantly decreased in TLE‐HS compared to controls (Mann–Whitney‐U test: pFDR < 0.01) with the anterior thalamic nuclei (ANT) as important contributor. Furthermore, decreased ipsilateral connectivity strength between the hippocampus and ANT was detected in TLE‐HS (pFDR < 0.01) compared to TLE‐MRneg and controls which correlated negatively with the duration of epilepsy (ρ = −0.512, p = 0.025) and positively with seizure frequency (ρ = 0.603, p = 0.006). Moreover, ANT volume correlated negatively with epilepsy duration in TLE‐HS (ρ = −0.471, p = 0.042).ConclusionsANT showed atrophy and decreased connectivity in TLE‐HS, which correlated with epilepsy duration and seizure frequency. Understanding the dynamics of epileptogenic networks has the potential to shed light on surgery‐resistant epilepsy and refine the selection process for ideal neurosurgical candidates, consequently enhancing post‐surgical outcomes.
Emergency department and inpatient interhospital transfers for patients with status epilepticus
Authors: Suen Catherine G. , Wood Andrew J. , Burke James F. , Guterman Elan L. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveInterhospital transfers for status epilepticus (SE) are common, and some are avoidable and likely lower yield. The use of interhospital transfer may differ in emergency department (ED) and inpatient settings, which contend with differing clinical resources and financial incentives. However, transfer from these two settings is understudied, leaving gaps in our ability to improve the hospital experience, cost, and triage for this neurologic emergency. We aimed to describe interhospital transfer for SE and examine the relationship between the site of transfer and hospital length of stay.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional study of adult patients with SE who underwent interhospital transfer using data from the State Emergency Department Databases and State Inpatient Databases of Florida (2016–2019) and New York (2018–2019). The primary outcome was discharge after undergoing transfer. Secondary outcomes were discharge within 1 day, discharge after 30 days, receipt of electroencephalography (EEG), and discharge disposition.ResultsThere were 10 461 encounters for SE. Of 1790 ED encounters without admission to the same hospital, 324 (18.1%) resulted in transfer. Of 8671 hospitalizations, 629 (7.3%) resulted in transfer. Patients transferred from the ED were younger, more likely were White, more likely were in a metro area, and had fewer medical comorbidities than patients transferred from the inpatient setting. The median time to discharge was 5 days (interquartile range [IQR] = 2.0–9.0) after ED transfer and 10 days (IQR = 4.0–20.0) after inpatient transfer. There were 58 (17.9%) patients who were discharged within 1 day after undergoing transfer from an ED. ED transfers had higher rates of discharge at 30 days and higher likelihood of undergoing EEG at the receiving hospital and being discharged home.SignificanceA high proportion of patients with SE are discharged shortly after undergoing interhospital transfer, particularly those transferred from the ED. Understanding reasons for transfer is a crucial next step in triaging limited inpatient epilepsy resources and reducing costs associated with interhospital transfer.
Earthquakes Have Accelerated the Carbon Dioxide Emission Rate of Soils on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau
Authors: Shi Peijun , Hu Xiaokang , Yang Heyi , Jiang Lu , Ma Yonggui , Tang Haiping , Zhou Qiang , Liu Fenggui , Liu Lianyou 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (QTP) has an extensive frozen soil distribution and intense geological tectonic activity. Our surveys reveal that Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau earthquakes can not only damage infrastructure but also significantly impact carbon dioxide emissions. Fissures created by earthquakes expose deep, frozen soils to the air and, in turn, accelerate soil carbon emissions. We measured average soil carbon emission rates of 968.53 g CO2 m−2·a−1 on the fissure sidewall and 514.79 g CO2 m−2·a−1 at the fissure bottom. We estimated that the total soil carbon emission flux from fissures caused by M ≥ 6.9 earthquakes on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau from 326 B.C. to 2022 is 1.83 × 1012 g CO2 a−1; this value is equivalent to 0.51% ~ 1.48% and 2.34% ~ 5.14% of the increased annual average carbon sink resulting from the national ecological restoration projects targeting forest protection and grassland conservation in China, respectively. These earthquake fissures thus increased the soil carbon emission rate by 0.71 g CO2 m−2·a−1 and significantly increased the total carbon emissions. This finding shows that repairing earthquake fissures could play a very important role in coping with global climate change.
Carbon Credits Through Wood Use: Revisiting the Maximum Potential and Sensitivity to Key Assumptions
Authors: Niemi Jari , Soimakallio Sampo , Hurmekoski Elias , Myllyviita Tanja , Kunttu Janni , Lingua Federico , Snäll Tord 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWood use generates technosphere carbon credits (TCCs) through avoided fossil‐based emissions and net sequestration of carbon into the technosphere (harvested wood products and geological storage). We investigated how large and uncertain TCCs of wood use per carbon harvested are considering the current and alternative ways of using wood, and the effects of the decarbonization of societies over 25‐, 50‐, and 100‐year time horizons. We applied stochastic simulation and scenario analysis using Finnish market structure as a baseline to demonstrate the use of the TCC calculator created. The mean value of TCCs of wood use were between 0.2 and 0.5 tC/tC with an uncertainty range from 0.1 to 0.8 tC/tC, depending on the scenario. The uncertainties were mainly concerned with the extent to which (1) fossil‐based emissions are avoided through substitution (displacement factors) and (2) fossil‐based raw materials are substituted (substitution rates). Assumptions on the decarbonization of societies reduced TCCs of wood use significantly over time. TCCs of wood use can be increased by directing wood into uses that substitute fossil‐intensive materials and have a long lifetime, such as construction materials, and increasing energy recovery and avoiding emitting carbon at the end of life of harvested wood products by carbon capture and storage. However, they were very likely to be considerably lower than forest carbon debits resulting from harvesting additional wood for substitution under all considered circumstances and under a wide but reasonable range of stochastic parameter values. Thus, the result emphasizes the need to reduce overall consumption of goods to mitigate climate change.
Commodifying Public Utilities: EU's New Governance Prescriptions for Rail and Water
Authors: Golden Darragh , Szabó Imre , Erne Roland 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn the mid‐2000s, the Single Market Program and European Monetary Union lost momentum, as public services advocates increasingly succeeded in tempering attempts to liberalize public utilities through legislative amendments and Court of Justice rulings. After the 2008 crisis, however, the EU's shift to a new economic governance (NEG) regime provided EU executives with a new tool to advance their objectives. Unlike EU directives, country‐specific NEG prescriptions require neither the approval of the European Parliament nor their transposition into law, making it more difficult for social forces to contest them. Our analysis of NEG prescriptions for public utilities in two sectors (rail and water) and four countries (Germany, Ireland, Italy, Romania) across 10 years (2009–2019) shows that the shift to NEG provided EU executives with new extra‐parliamentarian and extra‐juridical tools that allowed them to revive their stalled commodification agenda; at the price of accentuating the EU's democratic and justice deficits.
The Relationship Between Healthcare System Distrust and Intention to Use Violence Against Health Professionals: The Mediating Role of Health News Perceptions
Authors: Kızılkaya Selman , Buğdali Büşra 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundHealth news refers to media coverage that informs the public about health‐related issues, policies and healthcare systems, shaping public perception and understanding. While prior research has examined media's impact on public health behaviour, limited studies have focused on how perceptions of health news affect attitudes towards healthcare professionals, especially in the context of violence against them. This study addresses this gap, examining the mediating role perception of health news on the relationship between distrust in healthcare systems and intentions to use violence against healthcare professionals.AimThis research aims to explore how the perception of health news influences the relationship between distrust in healthcare systems and the intention to use violence against healthcare professionals.MethodologyA survey was conducted with 693 participants over the age of 18 who had received healthcare services in the last year. The study utilized an intermediary model to assess the role of perception of health news in the relationship between distrust in the healthcare system and the intention to use violence against healthcare professionals.ResultsThe findings indicate a positive correlation between distrust in healthcare systems and the intention to use violence against healthcare professionals. Additionally, the perception of health news was found to significantly mediate this relationship.ConclusionThe study concludes that negative perceptions of healthcare systems, exacerbated by the portrayal of health news, can escalate the risk of violence against healthcare professionals.Patient or Public ContributionThere was no direct patient or public involvement in the design, conduct, reporting, or dissemination plans of this research. The study primarily relied on data collected through surveys and questionnaires administered to participants. Although the research addresses issues pertinent to the public and healthcare professionals, such as violence against healthcare professionals and the role of media in shaping public perceptions, the public's role was limited to responding to the survey. The findings and implications of this research are intended to benefit the public and healthcare community by informing future strategies and interventions, but the public did not actively contribute to the research process itself.