bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening effect of plasma flow on the resonant magnetic perturbation penetration in tokamaks based on two-fluid model
Authors: TANG Weikang , LUAN Qibin , SUN Hongen , WEI Lai , LU Shuangshuang , JIANG Shuai , XU Jian , WANG Zhengxiong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Numerical simulation on the resonant magnetic perturbation penetration is carried out by the newly-updated initial value code MDC (MHD@Dalian Code). Based on a set of two-fluid four-field equations, the bootstrap current, parallel, and perpendicular transport effects are included appropriately. Taking into account the bootstrap current, a mode penetration-like phenomenon is found, which is essentially different from the classical tearing mode model. To reveal the influence of the plasma flow on the mode penetration process, E × B drift flow and diamagnetic drift flow are separately applied to compare their effects. Numerical results show that a sufficiently large diamagnetic drift flow can drive a strong stabilizing effect on the neoclassical tearing mode. Furthermore, an oscillation phenomenon of island width is discovered. By analyzing it in depth, it is found that this oscillation phenomenon is due to the negative feedback regulation of pressure on the magnetic island. This physical mechanism is verified again by key parameter scanning.
Covalency modulation enables stable Na-rich layered oxide cathodes for Na-ion batteries
Authors: Zhou Xi , Ding Manling , Cheng Chen , Xia Xiao , Hu Haolv , Shen Yihao , Fedotov Stanislav , Zhang Liang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
As the analogs of Li-rich materials, Na-rich transition metal layered oxides are promising cathode materials for Na-ion batteries owing to their high theoretical capacity and energy density through cumulative cationic and anionic redox. However, most of the reported Na-rich cathode materials are mainly Ru- and Ir-based layered oxides, which limits the practical application. Herein, we report a Na-rich and Ru-doped O3-type Na1.1Ni0.35Mn0.55O2 cathode to mitigate this issue. By partially substituting Mn4+ with high-electronegativity Ru4+, the structural stability and electrochemical performance of the cathode are both greatly improved. It is validated that the high covalency of Ru–O bonds could harden the structural integrity with rigid oxygen framework upon cycling, leading to enhanced O3-P3 phase transition reversibility. Ru doping also induces an enlarged interlayer spacing to boost the Na+ diffusion kinetics for improved rate capability. In addition, benefiting from the large energetic overlap between Ru 4d and O 2p states, the reinforced Ru–O covalency enables highly reversible Ru4+/Ru5+ redox accompanied with more stable oxygen redox, leading to improved specific capacity and stability over cycling. Our present study provides a promising strategy for designing high-performance Na-rich layered oxide cathode materials through covalency modulation toward practical applications.
Remote surface charge detection device for water with excess charge
Authors: Hemalatha  , Bingi Jayachandra 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A non-destructive surface charge detection is crucial for charged water research and exploitation of charged water in different applications. The widely used existing methods such as Kelvin force spectroscopy, Mass spectroscopy, impedance spectroscopy, Electrophoretic light scattering etc which are costly and not portable. This work presents the design and development of a compact, portable, low cost and incoherent IR based in the non-destructive modality. It is based on the Thomson scattering of electromagnetic wave on charged ions. Here, an IR photosensor is deployed to detect the change in the IR beam scattering from the charged surface. A distinct signature in reflected IR radiation from the charged water is recorded using the proposed setup. The different types of charged water are produced from the electrohydrodynamic bridge with relatively high H+ and OH- ions. The detection and discrimination of neutral, positive and negatively charged water are demonstrated by the device successfully.
Vapor buoyancy increases clear-sky thermal emission
Authors: Yang Da , Seidel Seth D 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The molar mass of H2O (18 g mol−1) is smaller than that of dry air (29 g mol−1), which makes humid air lighter than dry air with the same temperature and pressure. This vapor buoyancy (VB) effect has been traditionally considered small in large-scale climate dynamics and even neglected in some leading climate models. Here, using theory and aquaplanet simulations with prescribed surface temperatures, we show that VB increases tropospheric air temperature, and that the warmer atmosphere emits more clear-sky thermal radiation by about 2–4 W m−2 in the dry subtropical areas, a significant radiative effect. We then analyze Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 simulations with prescribed sea surface temperatures and realistic topography. The results show that VB can increase clear-sky thermal radiation by up to 5 W m−2 over the ocean and about 15 W m−2 over the subtropical arid land regions. The radiative effect over arid land is amplified by a substantial increase of surface temperature due to VB. Our results highlight the role of VB in regulating Earth’s energy balance both at the top of the atmosphere and at the land surface. This study points to new ways to improve climate models and their simulated energy balance.
Recent advances on two-dimensional metal halide perovskite x-ray detectors
Authors: Han Mingyue , Xiao Yingrui , Zhou Chao , Yang Yuxuan , Wu Xiaoxue , Hu Qi , Jin Xi , Zhang Wei , Hu Jin-Song , Jiang Yan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In recent years, two-dimensional metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have attracted increased attention for radiation detection and imaging. Their detection efficiencies are almost comparable to three-dimensional (3D) perovskites. Meanwhile, they demonstrate superior stability to 3D perovskites. The pursuit of high-quality, phase-pure and lead-free two-dimensional MHP materials and large-area fabrication capability for x-ray detectors are among the research hotspots. In this review, we first give a brief introduction of the crystallographic structure, optoelectronic characteristics and preparation methods of high-quality two-dimensional perovskites. In addition, we overview the general working principles of direct and indirect x-ray detection processes and the corresponding performance metrics from the perspective of detection and imaging. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive discussion on the recent advances in 2D perovskite x-ray detectors and imaging devices. Finally, we pinpoint several major obstacles of 2D x-ray detectors that should be overcome in the near future.
Baseline Computerized Neurocognitive Testing and Oculomotor Measures are not Altered by Hormonal Contraceptive Use
Authors: Moran Ryan N , Guin J Russell , Gardner James , Simer Josh 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveNeurocognitive testing and oculomotor assessment have been an integral component to provide objective measures for sport-related concussion (SRC) detection and management. Hormonal contraceptive (HC) use is common among collegiate female athletes and may modify baseline SRC performance. The purpose was to examine the effects of HC use on baseline computerized neurocognitive testing (CNT) and oculomotor testing in college-aged individuals.MethodA total of 63 participants (22 HC using females, 22 non-HC using females, 19 males) completed a baseline SRC battery consisting of CNT, near point of convergence (NPC), and the King-Devick (KD) test. CNT measures were composite scores of verbal and visual memory, visual motor processing speed and reaction time, impulse control, and cognitive efficiency index (CEI). NPC was measured as the average convergence distance across three trials. KD time was recorded as total time for each of the two trials and best trial marked as baseline.ResultsThere were no group differences between HC, non-HC, and male control groups on all baseline CNT composite scores (p = .13–.98), impulse control (p = .47), and CEI (p = .49). NPC distance was similar between groups (p = .41), as well as KD time by trial (Trial 1 p = .65; 2 p = .48) and best time (p = .49).ConclusionsHC use does not appear to influence baseline SRC measures of neurocognition and oculomotor assessment. Clinicians should continue to consider the effects of modifying factors at baseline and post-concussion. Additional research is needed to better understand sex hormone levels and SRC performance measures.
The scalable precision medicine open knowledge engine (SPOKE): a massive knowledge graph of biomedical information
Authors: Morris John H , Soman Karthik , Akbas Rabia E , Zhou Xiaoyuan , Smith Brett , Meng Elaine C , Huang Conrad C , Cerono Gabriel , Schenk Gundolf , Rizk-Jackson Angela , Harroud Adil , Sanders Lauren , Costes Sylvain V , Bharat Krish , Chakraborty Arjun , Pico Alexander R , Mardirossian Taline , Keiser Michael , Tang Alice , Hardi Josef , Shi Yongmei , Musen Mark , Israni Sharat , Huang Sui , Rose Peter W , Nelson Charlotte A , Baranzini Sergio E 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMotivationKnowledge graphs (KGs) are being adopted in industry, commerce and academia. Biomedical KG presents a challenge due to the complexity, size and heterogeneity of the underlying information.ResultsIn this work, we present the Scalable Precision Medicine Open Knowledge Engine (SPOKE), a biomedical KG connecting millions of concepts via semantically meaningful relationships. SPOKE contains 27 million nodes of 21 different types and 53 million edges of 55 types downloaded from 41 databases. The graph is built on the framework of 11 ontologies that maintain its structure, enable mappings and facilitate navigation. SPOKE is built weekly by python scripts which download each resource, check for integrity and completeness, and then create a ‘parent table’ of nodes and edges. Graph queries are translated by a REST API and users can submit searches directly via an API or a graphical user interface. Conclusions/Significance: SPOKE enables the integration of seemingly disparate information to support precision medicine efforts.Availability and implementationThe SPOKE neighborhood explorer is available at https://spoke.rbvi.ucsf.edu.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Progress and challenges in the use of blood biomarkers in relapsing polychondritis
Authors: Liu Yongmei , Li Xiaomeng , Cheng Linlin , Zhan Haoting , Huang Yuan , Li Haolong , Li Yongzhe 
Published: February 2023

SummaryRelapsing polychondritis (RP) is a rare inflammatory disease with significant individual heterogeneity that involves systemic organs. The diagnosis of RP mainly depends on the clinical manifestations; currently, there are no molecular biomarkers routinely evaluated in clinical practice. Biomarkers have diagnostic or monitoring values and can predict response to treatment or the disease course. Over the years, many biomarkers have been proposed to facilitate diagnosis and prognosis. Unfortunately, ideal biomarkers to diagnose RP have not yet been discovered. Most of the molecular biomarkers in RP are immunological biomarkers, with autoantibodies and proteins related to cartilage damage in the blood being the most common. Alterations in some genes (HLA typing and UBA1 somatic mutation) were detected in patients with RP, which could serve as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of RP. Moreover, proinflammatory cytokines and lymphocyte levels, and certain laboratory tests, have certain values of RP diagnosis and disease activity assessment but lack specificity and sensitivity. This review describes the different types of biomarkers and their clinical correlation with respect to the diagnosis of RP and disease activity. Research on biomarkers and disease pathology is ongoing to identify the ideal biomarkers that are sensitive and specific for RP.
Tumor gene signatures that correlate with release of extracellular vesicles shape the immune landscape in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kallinger Isabella , Rubenich Dominique S , Głuszko Alicja , Kulkarni Aditi , Spanier Gerrit , Spoerl Steffen , Taxis Juergen , Poeck Hendrik , Szczepański Mirosław J , Ettl Tobias , Reichert Torsten E , Meier Johannes K , Braganhol Elizandra , Ferris Robert L , Whiteside Theresa L , Ludwig Nils 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) evade immune responses through multiple resistance mechanisms. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by the tumor and interacting with immune cells induce immune dysfunction and contribute to tumor progression. This study evaluates the clinical relevance and impact on anti-tumor immune responses of gene signatures expressed in HNSCC and associated with EV production/release. Expression levels of two recently described gene sets were determined in The Cancer Genome Atlas Head and Neck Cancer cohort (n = 522) and validated in the GSE65858 dataset (n = 250) as well as a recently published single-cell RNA sequencing dataset (n = 18). Clustering into HPV(+) and HPV(−) patients was performed in all cohorts for further analysis. Potential associations between gene expression levels, immune cell infiltration, and patient overall survival were analyzed using GEPIA2, TISIDB, TIMER, and the UCSC Xena browser. Compared to normal control tissues, vesiculation-related genes were upregulated in HNSCC cells. Elevated gene expression levels positively correlated (P &lt; 0.01) with increased abundance of CD4(+) T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells infiltrating tumor tissues but were negatively associated (P &lt; 0.01) with the presence of B cells and CD8(+) T cells in the tumor. Expression levels of immunosuppressive factors NT5E and TGFB1 correlated with the vesiculation-related genes and might explain the alterations of the anti-tumor immune response. Enhanced expression levels of vesiculation-related genes in tumor tissues associates with the immunosuppressive tumor milieu and the reduced infiltration of B cells and CD8(+) T cells into the tumor.
Compromised browning in white adipose tissue of ageing people
Authors: Gu Ping , Ding Kai , Lu Lei , Zhang Yu , Wang Wei , Guo Qingyu , Liao Yannian , Yang Bingjie , Wang Tiantian , Zhou Changsheng , Lu Bin , Kong Alice P S , Cheng Alfred S , Hui Hannah Xiaoyan , Shao Jiaqing 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Adipose tissue plays a pivotal role in the pathology of metabolic disorders. In the past decade, brown and brown-like adipose tissues were detected in adult humans and show therapeutic potential in ageing-related metabolic diseases.

Objective
This study investigated expressions of major brown adipose markers in white adipose tissue (WAT) of different ages. Their associations with metabolic parameters and key adipokines were interrogated.

Design
Cross-sectional study, 2019-2021.

Methods
We recruited 21 young, 67 middle-aged, and 34 older patients. Omental adipose tissues were collected, and expressions of key brown markers and adipokines and the adipocyte size were evaluated. The fat depot distribution was evaluated by computed tomography.

Results
UCP1 and PRDM16 mRNA expressions declined with ageing in WAT and were more associated with age, than with the body mass index (BMI). The increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT) amount, as well as the VAT to subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) ratio, was decreased in the highest tertile of UCP1 expression, while individuals in different PRDM16 mRNA tertiles exhibited similar fat distribution. UCP1 mRNA was positively correlated with ADIPOQ and the strength of the correlation declined with ageing. In contrast, the association between UCP1 and LEP was insignificant in young and middle-aged groups but became significantly correlated in the older-people group. We also found a positive correlation between UCP1 and PRDM16.

Conclusions
PRDM16 and UCP1, despite their key functions in adipose browning, exhibit differential clinical correlations with metabolic features in human WAT in an age-dependent manner. These two genes may participate in the pathogenesis of ageing-related metabolic diseases, but with distinct mechanisms.
Is there a risk of a winner’s curse in farmland auctions?
Authors: Seifert Stefan , Hüttel Silke 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe test the assumption that bidders in farmland auctions have private valuations, a necessary condition for auction efficiency. We apply the test of Haile et al. (2003) to farmland auctions in Eastern Germany covering the price boom 2007–2020. To disentangle valuations from observed and unobserved heterogeneity, we develop a new approach relying on professional appraisals of the land. Based on our rich identification strategy, validation and robustness checks, we reject pure private valuations. We conclude that the presence of a common value in bidders’ valuations is very likely resulting in potentially inefficient land privatisation auctions and a winner’s curse.
The Ancestral Mitotic State: Closed Orthomitosis With Intranuclear Spindles in the Syncytial Last Eukaryotic Common Ancestor
Authors: Bremer Nico , Tria Fernando D K , Skejo Josip , Martin William F 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAll eukaryotes have linear chromosomes that are distributed to daughter nuclei during mitotic division, but the ancestral state of nuclear division in the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA) is so far unresolved. To address this issue, we have employed ancestral state reconstructions for mitotic states that can be found across the eukaryotic tree concerning the intactness of the nuclear envelope during mitosis (open or closed), the position of spindles (intranuclear or extranuclear), and the symmetry of spindles being either axial (orthomitosis) or bilateral (pleuromitosis). The data indicate that the LECA possessed closed orthomitosis with intranuclear spindles. Our reconstruction is compatible with recent findings indicating a syncytial state of the LECA, because it decouples three main processes: chromosome division, chromosome partitioning, and cell division (cytokinesis). The possession of closed mitosis using intranuclear spindles adds to the number of cellular traits that can now be attributed to LECA, providing insights into the lifestyle of this otherwise elusive biological entity at the origin of eukaryotic cells. Closed mitosis in a syncytial eukaryotic common ancestor would buffer mutations arising at the origin of mitotic division by allowing nuclei with viable chromosome sets to complement defective nuclei via mRNA in the cytosol.
Histological Remission Placebo Rates in Ulcerative Colitis Trials: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Youssef Michael , Dong Kelly , Lee So Jeong , Narula Neeraj 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
High histologic remission rates have been reported with placebos in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating ulcerative colitis (UC) therapies and have varied based on trial designs. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify placebo histological remission rates and identify factors influencing those rates.

Methods
MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library were searched from inception of the databases until December 2021. We included placebo-controlled RCTs of adult patients with UC treated with aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, immunosuppressives, biologics, and small molecules. We pooled estimates using a random-effects model and performed subgroup analysis and meta-regression to evaluate the effect of different covariates on placebo rates.

Results
Thirty-three studies (30 induction and 3 maintenance) were included. The overall placebo histological remission rate was 15.7% (95% confidence interval, 12.9%-19%) across all 33 studies. High heterogeneity was observed among studies with I2 = 62.10%. The pooled estimate of histological remission was 15.8% in induction studies and 14.5% in maintenance studies. Subgroup analysis revealed statistically significant differences in placebo rates when accounting for background medications, the intervention drug class, and disease severity (P = .041, .025, and .025, respectively). There was no statistical difference between induction vs maintenance studies or between different histological scales (P = .771, and .075, respectively).

Conclusions
Placebo histological remission rates range from 13% to 19% in UC RCTs, but studies are highly heterogeneous. Factors found to influence placebo rates include presence of background medications, the drug used, and the disease severity. These observations inform future trial designs to minimize placebo rates and reduce heterogeneity.
Premature mortality 16 years after emergency department presentation among homeless and at risk of homelessness adults: a retrospective longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Zordan Rachel , Mackelprang Jessica L , Hutton Jennie , Moore Gaye , Sundararajan Vijaya 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
People experiencing homelessness have an increased risk of mortality. The association between being at risk of homelessness and premature mortality is unclear. We aimed to determine all-cause and cause-specific mortality in patients who were homeless, at risk of homelessness (marginally housed), or housed.

Methods
This retrospective longitudinal cohort study compared mortality patterns in adult patients identified in 2003/04 by linking data from an Australian metropolitan emergency department to national mortality data. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate associations between housing status and mortality. To address competing risks, cause-specific hazards were modelled and transformed into stacked cumulative incidence functions.

Findings
Data from 6290 patients (homeless deceased = 382/1050, marginally housed deceased = 259/518, housed deceased = 1204/4722) found increased risk of mortality in homeless [hazard ratio (HR) = 4.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.0–3.3) and marginally housed (HR = 2.6, 95% CI = 3.4–4.8) patients. Homeless patients had an excess risk from external causes (HR = 6.1, 95% CI = 4.47–8.35), cardiovascular disease (HR = 4.9, 95% CI = 2.78–8.70) and cancer (HR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.15–2.09). Marginally housed patients had increased risk from external causes (HR = 3.6, 95% CI = 2.36–5.40) and respiratory diseases (HR = 4.7, 95% CI = 1.82–12.05). Taking account of competing risk, marked inequality was observed, with homeless, marginally housed and housed patients having probabilities of death by 55 years of 0.2, 0.1 and 0.02, respectively.

Conclusions
Mortality rates were elevated in patients who were homeless or at risk of homelessness. Increasing numbers of people are at risk of homelessness, and the effect of this on mortality is relatively unrecognized. Marginal housing may assuage some risk of premature mortality associated with homelessness; however, it is not equivalent to stable housing.