bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disparities in pediatric drug-resistant epilepsy care
Authors: LoPresti Melissa A. , Zhang Lu , Lam Sandi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Epilepsy affects millions of children worldwide, with 20–40% experiencing drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) who are recommended for epilepsy surgery evaluation and may benefit from surgical management. However, many patients live with DRE for multiple years prior to surgical epilepsy referral or treatment or are never referred at all.

Objective
We aimed to describe factors associated with referral for epilepsy surgery in the USA, in order to identify disparities in DRE, characterize why they may exist, and recognize areas for improvement.

Methods
Pediatric patients diagnosed with DRE between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2020 were identified from the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) Database. Patients treated with antiseizure medications (ASMs) only, ASMs plus vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), and ASMs plus cranial epilepsy surgery were studied regarding access to epilepsy surgery and disparities in care. This study used chi-square tests to determine associations between treatment time and preoperative factors. Preoperative factors studied included epilepsy treatment type, age, sex, race/ethnicity, insurance type, geographic region, patient type, epilepsy type, and presence of pediatric complex chronic conditions (PCCCs).

Results
A total of 18,292 patients were identified; 10,240 treated with ASMs, 5019 treated with ASMs + VNS, and 3033 treated with ASMs + cranial epilepsy surgery. Sex was not found to significantly vary among groups. There was significant variation in age, census region, race/ethnicity, patient type, presence of PCCCs, diagnosis, and insurance (p < 0.001). Those treated surgically, either with VNS or cranial epilepsy surgery, were 2 years older than those medically treated. Additionally, those medically treated were less likely to be living in the Midwest (25.46%), identified as non-Hispanic white (51.78%), have a focal/partial epilepsy diagnosis (8.74%), and be privately insured (35.82%).

Conclusions
We studied a large administrative US database examining variables associated with surgical epilepsy evaluation and management. We found significant variation in treatment associated with age, US census region, race/ethnicity, patient type, presence of PCCCs, diagnosis, and health insurance type. We believe that these disparities in care are related to access and social determinants of health, and we encourage focused outreach strategies to mitigate these disparities to broaden access and improve outcomes in children in the USA with DRE.
Technical aspects of percutaneous endovascular arteriovenous fistula creation with the Ellipsys® Vascular Access System. Preliminary results after 16 patients
Authors: Liebetrau Dominik , Zerwes Sebastian , Kerndl Hagen , Schaal Jochen , Hyhlik-Dürr Alexander 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Technical aspects are crucial for planning and performing endovascular arteriovenous fistula (AVF) creation. The Ellipsys® Vascular Access System represents a minimal invasive method for the creation of a proximal forearm fistula. This report summarizes the essential elements for AVF creation with the Ellipsys® Vascular Access System and investigates feasibility, efficacy, and safety procedures conducted on 16 patients.

Materials and methods
We performed a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent endovascular AVF creation with the Ellipsys® Vascular Access System between May 2020 and March 2022 at a tertiary referral center.

Results
The median age was 67.5 years (47–86 years). The mean BMI was 31.4 kg/m2. AV fistula was created on 15/16 patients on their left arm. The technical success was 100%. The mean operation time was 24.2 min. There were no complications associated with the procedure. All patients were examined after 30 days (± 5 days). Primary patency after 30 days was 94% (15/16). The mean fistula flow was 681.1 mL/min and the mean AVF diameter was 6.1 mm. Thirteen out of 15 patients met the criteria for potential hemodialysis.

Conclusion
With the Ellipsys Vascular Access System exist an additional possibility of an AV fistula creation. Based on above findings, the Ellipsys® Vascular Access System represents a feasible, safe, and effective method for AVF creation.
Eccentric muscle contractions: from single muscle fibre to whole muscle mechanics
Authors: Tomalka André 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Eccentric muscle loading encompasses several unique features compared to other types of contractions. These features include increased force, work, and performance at decreased oxygen consumption, reduced metabolic cost, improved energy efficiency, as well as decreased muscle activity. This review summarises explanatory approaches to long-standing questions in terms of muscular contraction dynamics and molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying eccentric muscle loading. Moreover, this article intends to underscore the functional link between sarcomeric components, emphasising the fundamental role of titin in skeletal muscle. The giant filament titin reveals versatile functions ranging from sarcomere organisation and maintenance, providing passive tension and elasticity, and operates as a mechanosensory and signalling platform. Structurally, titin consists of a viscoelastic spring segment that allows activation-dependent coupling to actin. This titin-actin interaction can explain linear force increases in active lengthening experiments in biological systems. A three-filament model of skeletal muscle force production (mediated by titin) is supposed to overcome significant deviations between experimental observations and predictions by the classic sliding-filament and cross-bridge theories. Taken together, this review intends to contribute to a more detailed understanding of overall muscle behaviour and force generation—from a microscopic sarcomere level to a macroscopic multi-joint muscle level—impacting muscle modelling, the understanding of muscle function, and disease.
The efficacy of insulin degludec and insulin glargine over NPH insulin among toddlers and preschoolers with type 1 diabetes using glycemic variability and time in range
Authors: Elhabashy Safinaz Adel , Sakr Eman Mohamed , Salah Nouran Yousef 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Optimizing glycemic control without risking hypoglycemia is crucial in toddlers and preschoolers with type 1 diabetes (T1D) to avoid cognitive impairment later in life. Hence, this study aims to compare glycemic parameters among toddlers and preschoolers with T1D in relation to different basal insulins. Sixty toddlers and preschoolers with T1D with mean age of 3.53 ± 1.17 years (range, 2–6) and mean diabetes duration of 9.37 ± 1.85 months were randomly assigned into three equal groups; group A received insulin degludec, group B received insulin glargine, and group C were on NPH. At baseline, the three groups were matched regarding clinical and laboratory parameters (p > 0.05). They were followed up at 3 and 6 months for insulin daily dose (IDD), hypoglycemia and severe-hypoglycemia frequency, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). At the study endpoint, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was assessed in a random sample of 10 patients from each group. The mean time in range (TIR) of the studied cohort was 55.07 ± 24.05%, and their mean coefficient of variation (CV) was 42.82 ± 11.69%. The TIR was significantly higher in the degludec group (69.36 ± 18.54) and the glargine group (55.43 ± 26.51) than the NPH group (32.56 ± 9.11), p < 0.001. Meanwhile, the CV was significantly lower in the degludec group (35.12 ± 6.47) than the gargine (44.1 ± 13.13) and the NPH (53.8 ± 7.54) groups, p < 0.001. The insulin degludec and glargine groups had significantly lower HbA1c (p = 0.002), hypoglycemia (p = 0.006), severe hypoglycemia (p = 0.029), and IDD (p = 0.015) than the NPH group.Conclusion: Insulin degludec and glargine resulted in better HbA1c and TIR with reduced hypoglycemia and IDD than NPH among toddlers and preschoolers with T1D. Moreover, CV was lowest in the insulin degludec group.

What is Known:• Insulin therapy is the mainstay of T1D management.• Optimal insulin therapy for young children with T1D should provide
effective glycemic.

What is New:• Insulin degludec and insulin glargine have better efficacy than NPH insulin among toddlers and preschoolers with T1D in the term of significantly lower
coefficient of variation, HbA1c and IDD and significantly higher time in range.• Insulin degludec and insulin glargine have better safety in the term of
less hypoglycemia and severe hypoglycemia episodes than NPH insulin among toddlers and
preschoolers with T1D.
Hybrid laparoscopic versus fully robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy: an international propensity-score matched analysis of perioperative outcome
Authors: Jung Jin-On , de Groot Eline M. , Kingma B. Feike , Babic Benjamin , Ruurda Jelle P. , Grimminger Peter P. , Hölzen Jens P. , Chao Yin-Kai , Haveman Jan W. , van Det Marc J. , Rouanet Philippe , Benedix Frank , Li Hecheng , Sarkaria Inderpal , van Berge Henegouwen Mark I. , van Boxel Gijs I. , Chiu Philip , Egberts Jan-Hendrik , Sallum Rubens , Immanuel Arul , Turner Paul , Low Donald E. , Hubka Michal , Perez Daniel , Strignano Paolo , Biebl Matthias , Chaudry M. Asif , Bruns Christiane J. , van Hillegersberg Richard , Fuchs Hans F. ,   UGIRA Study Group
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Currently, little is known regarding the optimal technique for the abdominal phase of RAMIE. The aim of this study was to investigate the outcome of robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) in both the abdominal and thoracic phase (full RAMIE) compared to laparoscopy during the abdominal phase (hybrid laparoscopic RAMIE).

Methods
This retrospective propensity-score matched analysis of the International Upper Gastrointestinal International Robotic Association (UGIRA) database included 807 RAMIE procedures with intrathoracic anastomosis between 2017 and 2021 from 23 centers.

Results
After propensity-score matching, 296 hybrid laparoscopic RAMIE patients were compared to 296 full RAMIE patients. Both groups were equal regarding intraoperative blood loss (median 200 ml versus 197 ml, p = 0.6967), operational time (mean 430.3 min versus 417.7 min, p = 0.1032), conversion rate during abdominal phase (2.4% versus 1.7%, p = 0.560), radical resection (R0) rate (95.6% versus 96.3%, p = 0.8526) and total lymph node yield (mean 30.4 versus 29.5, p = 0.3834). The hybrid laparoscopic RAMIE group showed higher rates of anastomotic leakage (28.0% versus 16.6%, p = 0.001) and Clavien Dindo grade 3a or higher (45.3% versus 26.0%, p < 0.001). The length of stay on intensive care unit (median 3 days versus 2 days, p = 0.0005) and in-hospital (median 15 days versus 12 days, p < 0.0001) were longer for the hybrid laparoscopic RAMIE group.

Conclusions
Hybrid laparoscopic RAMIE and full RAMIE were oncologically equivalent with a potential decrease of postoperative complications and shorter (intensive care) stay after full RAMIE.
Survey of window types for aggregation in stream processing systems
Authors: Verwiebe Juliane , Grulich Philipp M. , Traub Jonas , Markl Volker 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we present the first comprehensive survey of window types for stream processing systems which have been presented in research and commercial systems. We cover publications from the most relevant conferences, journals, and system whitepapers on stream processing, windowing, and window aggregation which have been published over the last 20 years. For each window type, we provide detailed specifications, formal notations, synonyms, and use-case examples. We classify each window type according to categories that have been proposed in literature and describe the out-of-order processing. In addition, we examine academic, commercial, and open-source systems with respect to the window types that they support. Our survey offers a comprehensive overview that may serve as a guideline for the development of stream processing systems, window aggregation techniques, and frameworks that support a variety of window types.
On the 2-rainbow independent domination numbers of some graphs
Authors: Gabrovšek Boštjan , Peperko Aljoša , Žerovnik Janez 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBy suitably adjusting the tropical algebra technique we compute the rainbow independent domination numbers of several infinite families of graphs including Cartesian products$$C_n \Box P_m$$Cn□Pmand$$C_n \Box C_m$$Cn□Cmfor allnand$$m\le 5$$m≤5, and generalized Petersen graphsP(n, 2) for$$n \ge 3$$n≥3.
COP 27 mit mageren Ergebnissen
Authors: Frenz Walter 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Ergebnisse von Scharm El-Scheich wurden inzwischen verabschiedet. Sie sind so kurz wie dieser
Aufsatz: Im Wesentlichen wurde ein Entschädigungsfonds für die besonders vom Klimawandel betroffenen
Entwicklungsländer getroffen, aber noch ohne nähere Kontur. Dagegen scheiterte insbesondere der
Einstieg in den Ausstieg aus allen fossilen Energien.
Spheroids, organoids and kidneys-on-chips: how complex human cellular models have assisted in the study of kidney disease and renal ciliopathies
Authors: Dewhurst Rebecca Marie , Molinari Elisa , Sayer John A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractKidney disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity worldwide, emphasizing the importance for physiologically accurate disease models. With most of the approved renal drugs failing to perform as well in human clinical trials as they did in animal testing, it is imperative that new and improved human-based models are developed to test these potential therapeutics. One option is to use patient derived cell lines, grown in both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) structures, known as spheroids and organoids. Despite their contributions to the field, the lack of physiological accuracy, including the absence of fluid flow, and mechanistic effects in these 2D and 3D models means there is still room for improvement. Organ-on-a-chip (OOAC) technology offers itself as a potential candidate model to overcome these limitations. Over recent years OOAC technology has grown in popularity, with multiple organ systems, including lung, liver, and kidney described in the literature. In this review, traditional human cellular based models, including monolayer, spheroid and organoid models will be discussed. Human kidney-on-a-chip models will also be discussed, while exploring the advantages and potential limitations of this rapidly emerging field for the study of human kidney disease and drug testing.
Humanitarian management strategy for interstate movement of migrant workers in India during COVID-19 pandemic: an optimization based approach
Authors: Palit Niladri , Chaudhuri Atanu , Mishra Nishikant 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIndia faced a unique situation during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic when millions of migrant workers, in different states had to be transported to their home states as workplaces shut down. The governments in respective states faced challenges of minimizing economic impact while ensuring that the risk of infection was also kept under control. This paper develops models based on various secondary data from governmental and relevant non-governmental sources, trying to minimize the economic impact while keeping the rate of infection low and determining whether the migrant workforce should be allowed to stay in their workplace state or allowed to return to their home state. We found that the number of days of lockdown had a significant impact on the results. Fewer days of lockdown resulted in workers remaining in their work state as the preferred outcome, while a higher number of days of lockdown implied that people traveled to their home state and remain there. The proportion of workers who were willing to return to their work state played an important role on the results too. Beyond the threshold percentages of migrant workers returning to their work state, it became optimal for the government to encourage the workers to travel to their home state. However, this was mostly visible for moderate number of lockdown days as the effects on results were dominated by the impact from the number of lockdown days for too high or too low number of lockdown days. There is also an important trade-off between the budget and infection rate ‘R’ for the governments to consider. Minimizing the risk of infection requires an additional budget.
Will natura 2000 european network of protected areas support conservation of Southwestern Alps endemic flora under future climate?
Authors: Casazza Gabriele , Guerrina Maria , Dagnino Davide , Minuto Luigi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNetworks of protected areas (PAs) are globally recognized as playing a key role for in situ conservation of species. Despite a high potential for biodiversity conservation, PAs may not mitigate the current biodiversity loss because they do not consider climate change impact. In fact, because PAs have static geographical boundaries, they may hardly keep pace with dynamics in species distribution caused by the climate change, which was not considered when they were designed. In this study, we used species distribution modelling of 85 plant taxa endemic or subendemic to Southwestern Alps to evaluate the effectiveness of PAs network in protecting endemics under future climate change scenarios. PAs cover roughly the 30% of the Southwestern Alps. PAs will harbour more expected distribution range of taxa in the future than today, probably because they occur in high altitude areas rich in endemics that have been climatically stable areas in the past and that will likely remain relatively climatically buffered in the future. Moreover, PAs are distributed to poorly cover expected range of endemics at low and middle elevation, which are threatened by urbanization and climate change. We recommend additional protection at low and middle elevation, considering the future climatic suitability of species.
Evaluating the suitability of granular anammox biomass for nitrogen removal from vegetable tannery wastewater
Authors: Polizzi C. , Lotti T. , Ricoveri A. , Mori G. , Gabriel D. , Munz G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the present study, the potential inhibitory effect of biologically pre-treated vegetable tannery wastewater (TW) on anammox granular biomass was evaluated. Beside high organic and chemicals load, vegetable TW are characterised by high salinity and high tannins concentration, the latter belonging to a group of bio-refractory organic compounds, potentially inhibitory for several bacterial species. Recalcitrant tannin-related organic matters and salinity were selected as the two potential inhibitory factors and studied either for their separate and combined effect. Parallel batch tests were performed, with biomass acclimated and non-acclimated to salinity, testing three different conditions: non-saline control test with non-acclimated biomass (CT); saline control test with acclimated biomass (SCT); vegetable tannery wastewater test with acclimated biomass (TWT). Compared with non-saline CT, the specific anammox activity in tests SCT and TWT showed a reduction of 28 and 14%, respectively, suggesting that salinity, at conductivity values of 10 mS/cm (at 25 °C), was the main impacting parameter. As a general conclusion, the study reveals that there is no technical limitation for the application of the anammox process to vegetable TW, but preliminary biomass acclimation as well as regular biomass activity monitoring is recommended in case of long-term applications. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work assessing the impact of vegetable TW on anammox biomass.
The grammar of interactive explanatory model analysis
Authors: Baniecki Hubert , Parzych Dariusz , Biecek Przemyslaw 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe growing need for in-depth analysis of predictive models leads to a series of new methods for explaining their local and global properties. Which of these methods is the best? It turns out that this is an ill-posed question. One cannot sufficiently explain a black-box machine learning model using a single method that gives only one perspective. Isolated explanations are prone to misunderstanding, leading to wrong or simplistic reasoning. This problem is known as the Rashomon effect and refers to diverse, even contradictory, interpretations of the same phenomenon. Surprisingly, most methods developed for explainable and responsible machine learning focus on a single-aspect of the model behavior. In contrast, we showcase the problem of explainability as an interactive and sequential analysis of a model. This paper proposes how different Explanatory Model Analysis (EMA) methods complement each other and discusses why it is essential to juxtapose them. The introduced process of Interactive EMA (IEMA) derives from the algorithmic side of explainable machine learning and aims to embrace ideas developed in cognitive sciences. We formalize the grammar of IEMA to describe human-model interaction. It is implemented in a widely used human-centered open-source software framework that adopts interactivity, customizability and automation as its main traits. We conduct a user study to evaluate the usefulness of IEMA, which indicates that an interactive sequential analysis of a model may increase the accuracy and confidence of human decision making.
Capability Approach and Inclusion: Developing a Context Sensitive Design for Biobased Value Chains
Authors: Asveld Lotte , Robaey Zoë Houda , Francke Sara , Osseweijer Patricia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBiomass such as crops and agricultural waste is increasingly used as the primary resource for products like bioplastics and biofuels. Incorporating the needs, knowledge, skills and values of biomass producers in the design of global value chains – the steps involved in creating any finished product from design to delivery – can contribute to sustainability, reliability and fairness. However, how to involve biomass producers, especially if they are resource poor, remains a challenge. To make sure that inclusion in global biobased value chains is both fair and effective, the capabilities of relevant actors need to be taken into account, especially of those producing biomass. Access to resources determines to what extent a specific actor can participate in a global value chain. Therefore, differences in capabilities should be a central consideration when new (biobased) value chains are designed. Using the capability approach as an ethical framework to realize inclusion, we discern three complementary strategies for setting up inclusive value chains. Firstly, designing for local conversion factors second, providing adaptive design for new capabilities, and third, investing in local conversion factors. Applying these strategies can lead to context-sensitive design of biorefineries that allow for true inclusion of local stakeholders. We support these claims with reference to case-studies of sugarcane production in Jamaica, modified tobacco in South Africa and the non-edible parts of corn (stover) in the US.