bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cotton peroxisome‐localized lysophospholipase counteracts the toxic effects of Verticillium dahliaeNLP1 and confers wilt resistance
Authors: Wang Guilin , Wang Xinyu , Song Jian , Wang Haitang , Ruan Chaofeng , Zhang Wenshu , Guo Zhan , Li Weixi , Guo Wangzhen 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYPlasma membrane represents a critical battleground between plants and attacking microbes. Necrosis‐and‐ethylene‐inducing peptide 1 (Nep1)‐like proteins (NLPs), cytolytic toxins produced by some bacterial, fungal and oomycete species, are able to target on lipid membranes by binding eudicot plant‐specific sphingolipids (glycosylinositol phosphorylceramide) and form transient small pores, causing membrane leakage and subsequent cell death. NLP‐producing phytopathogens are a big threat to agriculture worldwide. However, whether there are R proteins/enzymes that counteract the toxicity of NLPs in plants remains largely unknown. Here we show that cotton produces a peroxisome‐localized enzyme lysophospholipase, GhLPL2. Upon Verticillium dahliae attack, GhLPL2 accumulates on the membrane and binds to V. dahliae secreted NLP, VdNLP1, to block its contribution to virulence. A higher level of lysophospholipase in cells is required to neutralize VdNLP1 toxicity and induce immunity‐related genes expression, meanwhile maintaining normal growth of cotton plants, revealing the role of GhLPL2 protein in balancing resistance to V. dahliae and growth. Intriguingly, GhLPL2 silencing cotton plants also display high resistance to V. dahliae, but show severe dwarfing phenotype and developmental defects, suggesting GhLPL2 is an essential gene in cotton. GhLPL2 silencing results in lysophosphatidylinositol over‐accumulation and decreased glycometabolism, leading to a lack of carbon sources required for plants and pathogens to survive. Furthermore, lysophospholipases from several other crops also interact with VdNLP1, implying that blocking NLP virulence by lysophospholipase may be a common strategy in plants. Our work demonstrates that overexpressing lysophospholipase encoding genes have great potential for breeding crops with high resistance against NLP‐producing microbial pathogens.
Compassion fatigue and COVID‐19: A global view from nurses
Authors: Jo Soojung , Kurt Şule , Mayer Kala , Pituch Keenan A. , Simpson Vicki , Skibiski Jeanie , Takagi Etsuko , Reifsnider Elizabeth 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundDue to the rapid spread of COVID‐19 variants, the number of people hospitalized for COVID‐19 may create psychological burdens on nurses. Nurses with high levels of compassion fatigue (CF) are more likely to make work errors, deliver poor‐quality care, and have greater intent to leave their position.ObjectivesThis study utilized the social‐ecological model to examine factors associated with nurses' CF and compassion satisfaction (CS) during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsData were collected from the United States, Japan, and South Korea from July to December 2020. The Professional Quality of Life Scale was used to measure burnout (BO), secondary traumatic stress (STS), and CS.ResultsData from 662 responses were used in the analysis. Mean scores were 25.04 (±6.44) for BO, 24.81 (±6.43) for STS, and 37.85 (±7.67) for CS. Multiple regression analyses indicated that resilience and intention to leave nursing were related to each study outcome (i.e., BO, STS, and CS). Greater resilience predicted lower BO and STS but greater CS, whereas intention to leave nursing indicated greater BO and STS, but lower CS. Furthermore, intrapersonal factors and organizational factors (i.e., nurses involved in developing policies to prepare for COVID‐19 patients, organizational support, and personal protective equipment [PPE] provisions) were related to BO, STS, and CS.Linking Evidence to PracticeTo promote nurses' psychological well‐being, improvement of organizational factors such as support, PPE, and programs to enhance resilience is recommended to prepare for future emerging infectious disease crises.
Response to comment on “Reexamination of 2.5-Ga ‘whiff’ of oxygen interval points to anoxic ocean before GOE”
Authors: Slotznick Sarah P. , Johnson Jena E. , Rasmussen Birger , Raub Timothy D. , Webb Samuel M. , Zi Jian-Wei , Kirschvink Joseph L. , Fischer Woodward W. 
Published: April 2023

Sedimentological, textural, and microscale analyses of the Mount McRae Shale revealed a complex postdepositional history, previously unrecognized in bulk geochemical studies. We found that metal enrichments in the shale do not reside with depositional organic carbon, as previously proposed by Anbar
et al
., but with late-stage pyrite, compromising claims for a “whiff” of oxygen ~50 million years before the Great Oxygenation Event.
Supplemental Material: Sr-Nd-Ca isotopic variations of Cenozoic calc-alkaline and alkaline volcanic rocks above a slab tear in Western Anatolia, Turkey
Authors: Deng Hao , al. et 
Published: April 2023

<p> Supplemental Text S1: Corresponding detailed descriptions of the analytical methods. Figure S1: (a) SiO2 versus Na2O + K2O classification diagram from Middlemost (1994); (b) Zr/TiO2 versus Nb/Y classification from Winchester and Floyd (1977); (c) SiO2 versus K2O diagram. Figure S2: Variation diagrams of δ44/40Ca values versus LOI contents. Figure S3: Variation diagrams of CaO, Al2O3 and Eu/Eu* versus SiO2 for the Gördes dacites. Figure S4: Variation diagrams of SiO2, Nb/Nb* and La/Smcn versus 87Sr/86Sri for the Gördes dacites. Figure S5: Variation diagrams of MgO, TFe2O3, CaO and CaO/Al2O3 versus SiO2 for the Kula basalts. Figure S6: Variation diagrams of SiO2, La/Smcn, Nb/Nb* versus ɛNd (t) and 1/Sr versus (87Sr/86Sr)i for the Kula basalts. Figure S7: Variation diagrams of La/Sm versus Sm/Yb. Figure S8: Selected cathodoluminescence images and U-Pb concordia diagrams of analyzed zircons of dacites. Table S1: SHRIMP U-Pb data for zircons from Gördes dacites. Table S2: Major and trace elemental compositions of dacites and basalts. Table S3: Measured and recommended trace element concentrations (ppm) for AGV-2, BHVO-2, BCR-2 and RGM2. Table S4: Whole rock Sr-Nd compositions and calculations of basalts and dacites. Table S5: (a) Modeling calculation of Ca isotope fractionation during partial melting of spinel peridotite, (b) modeling calculation of Ca isotope fractionation during partial melting of garnet peridotite, and (c) modeling calcium isotope fractionation during partial melting of garnet pyroxenite. </p>
Preliminary effectiveness of 3D-printed orthoses in chronic hand conditions: study protocol for a non-randomised interventional feasibility study
Authors: Oud Tanja , Tuijtelaars Jana , Bogaards Hans , Nollet Frans , Brehm Merel-Anne 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionHand orthoses are often provided to improve performance of activities of daily life (ADL). Yet, the manufacturing process of conventional custom-fabricated hand orthoses is a time-consuming and labour-intensive process. Even though three-dimensional (3D) printing of orthoses is a rapidly growing area that can facilitate the manufacturing process of hand orthoses, evidence on the effectiveness, costs and production time of 3D-printed orthoses in chronic hand conditions is scarce. This study aims to assess (1) the preliminary effectiveness of 3D-printed orthoses compared with conventionally custom-fabricated orthoses in persons with chronic hand conditions, (2) production time and costs of both orthoses and (3) experiences of the participants and orthotists with the manufacturing process of the 3D-printed orthosis.Methods and analysisIn this prospective non-randomised interventional feasibility study, 20 adults with various chronic hand conditions using a conventional thumb, wrist or wrist-thumb orthosis will be provided with a 3D-printed corresponding type of orthosis. Assessments will be done 2 weeks prior to the intervention and at baseline for the conventional orthosis, and at 1 month and 4 months follow-up for the 3D-printed orthosis. The primary outcome is change from baseline in ADL performance (custom short form Dutch-Flemish Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-Upper Extremity; ADL domain Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire Dutch language version (MHQ-DLV)) at 4 months follow-up. Secondary outcomes include general hand function (MHQ-DLV), satisfaction with the orthosis (Dutch Client Satisfaction with Device; Dutch version of the Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology), usability (in-house questionnaire) and quality of life (EuroQoL 5-Dimension 5-Level). Costs and production time of the conventional and 3D-printed orthoses will be prospectively recorded. Experiences regarding the manufacturing process will be obtained from participants and orthotists (in-house questionnaire).Ethics and disseminationThe Medical Ethics Committee of the Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Centre, has waived the requirement for ethical review of this study. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, scientific conferences, and media aimed at a broad audience including patients.Trial registration numberNCT05320211.
Types and effects of feedback for emergency ambulance staff: a systematic mixed studies review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wilson Caitlin , Janes Gillian , Lawton Rebecca , Benn Jonathan 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundExtensive research has been conducted into the effects of feedback interventions within many areas of healthcare, but prehospital emergency care has been relatively neglected. Exploratory work suggests that enhancing feedback and follow-up to emergency medical service (EMS) staff might provide staff with closure and improve clinical performance. Our aim was to summarise the literature on the types of feedback received by EMS professionals and its effects on the quality and safety of patient care, staff well-being and professional development.MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis, including primary research studies of any method published in peer-reviewed journals. Studies were included if they contained information on systematic feedback to emergency ambulance staff regarding their performance. Databases searched from inception were MEDLINE, Embase, AMED, PsycINFO, HMIC, CINAHL and Web of Science, with searches last updated on 2 August 2022. Study quality was appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Data analysis followed a convergent integrated design involving simultaneous narrative synthesis and random effects multilevel meta-analyses.ResultsThe search strategy yielded 3183 articles, with 48 studies meeting inclusion criteria after title/abstract screening and full-text review. Interventions were categorised as audit and feedback (n=31), peer-to-peer feedback (n=3), postevent debriefing (n=2), incident-prompted feedback (n=1), patient outcome feedback (n=1) or a combination thereof (n=4). Feedback was found to have a moderate positive effect on quality of care and professional development with a pooled effect of d=0.50 (95% CI 0.34, 0.67). Feedback to EMS professionals had large effects in improving documentation (d=0.73 (0.00, 1.45)) and protocol adherence (d=0.68 (0.12, 1.24)), as well as small effects in enhancing cardiac arrest performance (d=0.46 (0.06, 0.86)), clinical decision-making (d=0.47 (0.23, 0.72)), ambulance times (d=0.43 (0.12, 0.74)) and survival rates (d=0.22 (0.11, 0.33)). The between-study heterogeneity variance was estimated at σ2=0.32 (95% CI 0.22, 0.50), with an I2value of 99% (95% CI 98%, 99%), indicating substantial statistical heterogeneity.ConclusionThis review demonstrated that the evidence base currently does not support a clear single point estimate of the pooled effect of feedback to EMS staff as a single intervention type due to study heterogeneity. Further research is needed to provide guidance and frameworks supporting better design and evaluation of feedback interventions within EMS.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020162600.
Temporal trends in the incidence of infective endocarditis in patients with a prosthetic heart valve
Authors: Hadji-Turdeghal Katra , Jensen Andreas Dalsgaard , Bruun Niels Eske , Iversen Kasper Karmark , Bundgaard Henning , Smerup Morten , Kober Lars , Østergaard Lauge , Fosbøl Emil Loldrup 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveThe incidence of infective endocarditis (IE) is increasing, as is the insertion of prosthetic heart valves. We aimed to examine nationwide temporal trends in the incidence of IE in patients with a prosthetic heart valve in Denmark from 1999 to 2018.MethodsUsing the Danish nationwide registries, we identified patients who underwent heart valve implantation (for other reasons than IE) between 1999 and 2018. Crude incidence rates of IE per 1000 person-years (PY) were computed in 2-year intervals. IE incidences were compared using sex-adjusted and age-adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRR) using Poisson regression across calendar periods (1999–2003, 2004–2008, 2009–2013, and 2014–2018).ResultsWe identified 26 604 patients with first-time prosthetic valve implantation (median age 71.7 years (IQR 62.7–78.0), 63% males). The median follow-up time was 5.4 years (IQR 2.4–9.6). Patients in the time period 2014–2018 were older (median age of 73.9 years (66.2:80.3)), and with a higher burden of comorbidities compared with the time period 1999–2003 (median age of 67.9 years (58.3:74.5)) at the time of implantation. A total of 1442 (5.4%) patients developed IE. The lowest IE incidence rate was 5.4/1000 PY (95% CI 3.9 to 7.4) in 2001–2002, and the highest incidence rate was 10.0/1000 PY (95% CI 8.8 to 11.1) in 2017–2018 with an unadjusted increase during the study period (p=0.003). We found an adjusted IRR of 1.04 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.06) (p<0.0007) per two calendar-years increments. Age-adjusted IRR for men were 1.04 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.07) (p=0.002) per two calendar years increment, and for women 1.03 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.07) (p=0.12), with p=0.32 for interaction.ConclusionIn Denmark, the incidence of IE increased during the last 20 years in patients with prosthetic heart valves.
Outcomes during and after long-term tocilizumab treatment in patients with giant cell arteritis
Authors: Matza Mark A , Dagincourt Nicholas , Mohan Shalini V , Pavlov Andrey , Han Jian , Stone John H , Unizony Sebastian H 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveTo assess outcomes in giant cell arteritis (GCA) patients during and after long-term tocilizumab (TCZ) treatment.MethodsRetrospective analysis of GCA patients treated with TCZ at a single centre (2010–2022). Time to relapse and annualised relapse rate during and after TCZ treatment, prednisone use, and safety were assessed. Relapse was defined as reappearance of any GCA clinical manifestation that required treatment intensification, regardless of C reactive protein levels and erythrocyte sedimentation rate.ResultsSixty-five GCA patients were followed for a mean (SD) of 3.1 (1.6) years. The mean duration of the initial TCZ course was 1.9 (1.1) years. The Kaplan-Meier (KM)-estimated relapse rate at 18 months on TCZ was 15.5%. The first TCZ course was discontinued due to satisfactory remission achievement in 45 (69.2%) patients and adverse events in 6 (9.2%) patients. KM-estimated relapse rate at 18 months after TCZ discontinuation was 47.3%. Compared with patients stopping TCZ at or before 12 months of treatment, the multivariable adjusted HR (95% CI) for relapse in patients on TCZ beyond 12 months was 0.01 (0.00 to 0.28; p=0.005). Thirteen patients received >1 TCZ course. Multivariable adjusted annualised relapse rates (95% CI) in all periods on and off TCZ aggregated were 0.1 (0.1 to 0.2) and 0.4 (0.3 to 0.7), respectively (p=0.0004). Prednisone was discontinued in 76.9% of patients. During the study, 13 serious adverse events occurred in 11 (16.9%) patients.ConclusionLong-term TCZ treatment was associated with remission maintenance in most patients with GCA. The estimated relapse rate by 18 months after TCZ discontinuation was 47.3%.
Modular Component-Based Quantum Circuit Synthesis
Authors: Kang Chan Gu , Oh Hakjoo 
Published: April 2023

In this article, we present a novel method for synthesizing quantum circuits from user-supplied components. Given input-output state vectors and component quantum gates, our synthesizer aims to construct a quantum circuit that implements the provided functionality in terms of the supplied component gates. To achieve this, we basically use an enumerative search with pruning. To accelerate the procedure, however, we perform the search and pruning at the module level; instead of simply enumerating candidate circuits by appending component gates in sequence, we stack modules, which are groups of gate operations.
With this modular approach, we can effectively reduce the search space by directing the search in a way that bridges the gap between the current circuit and the input-output specification.
Evaluation on 17 benchmark problems shows that our technique is highly effective at synthesizing quantum circuits. Our method successfully synthesized 16 out of 17 benchmark circuits in 96.6 seconds on average. On the other hand, the conventional, gate-level synthesis algorithm succeeded in 10 problems with an average time of 639.1 seconds. Our algorithm increased the speed of the baseline by 20.3x for the 10 problems commonly solved by both approaches.
iBRIDGE: A Data Integration Method to Identify Inflamed Tumors from Single-cell RNA-Seq Data and Differentiate Cell Type–Specific Markers of Immune-Cell Infiltration
Authors: Turan Tolga , Kongpachith Sarah , Halliwill Kyle , McLaughlin Robert T. , Binnewies Mikhail , Reddy Dhemath , Zhao Xi , Mathew Rebecca , Ye Shiming , Jacob Howard J. , Samayoa Josue 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

The development of immune checkpoint–based immunotherapies has been a major advancement in the treatment of cancer, with a subset of patients exhibiting durable clinical responses. A predictive biomarker for immunotherapy response is the preexisting T-cell infiltration in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Bulk transcriptomics–based approaches can quantify the degree of T-cell infiltration using deconvolution methods and identify additional markers of inflamed/cold cancers at the bulk level. However, bulk techniques are unable to identify biomarkers of individual cell types. Although single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) assays are now being used to profile the TIME, to our knowledge there is no method of identifying patients with a T-cell inflamed TIME from scRNA-seq data. Here, we describe a method, iBRIDGE, which integrates reference bulk RNA-seq data with the malignant subset of scRNA-seq datasets to identify patients with a T-cell inflamed TIME. Using two datasets with matched bulk data, we show iBRIDGE results correlated highly with bulk assessments (0.85 and 0.9 correlation coefficients). Using iBRIDGE, we identified markers of inflamed phenotypes in malignant cells, myeloid cells, and fibroblasts, establishing type I and type II interferon pathways as dominant signals, especially in malignant and myeloid cells, and finding the TGFβ-driven mesenchymal phenotype not only in fibroblasts but also in malignant cells. Besides relative classification, per-patient average iBRIDGE scores and independent RNAScope quantifications were used for threshold-based absolute classification. Moreover, iBRIDGE can be applied to in vitro grown cancer cell lines and can identify the cell lines that are adapted from inflamed/cold patient tumors.
Twenty‐Four‐Hour Blood Pressure‐Lowering Efficacy of Sacubitril/Valsartan Versus Olmesartan in Japanese Patients With Essential Hypertension Based on Nocturnal Blood Pressure Dipping Status: A Post Hoc Analysis of Data From a Randomized, Double‐Blind Multicenter Study
Authors: Kario Kazuomi , Rakugi Hiromi , Yarimizu Daisuke , Morita Yohei , Eguchi Shunsuke , Iekushi Kazuma 
Published: April 2023

Background
Nighttime blood pressure (BP) and an abnormal nocturnal BP dipping profile are important cardiovascular risk factors in patients with hypertension. This post hoc analysis investigated the effects of sacubitril/valsartan on 24‐hour BP in patients with mild‐to‐moderate hypertension and in patient subgroups based on nocturnal BP dipping status.

Methods and Results

Data from a randomized clinical trial comparing the BP‐lowering effects of 8 weeks of treatment with sacubitril/valsartan (200 or 400 mg/d) and olmesartan (20 mg/d) in Japanese patients with mild‐to‐moderate hypertension were analyzed. The primary end point was change in 24‐hour, daytime, and nighttime BP in patient subgroups based on nocturnal BP dipping status (dipper, nondipper). Six hundred thirty‐two patients with baseline and follow‐up ambulatory BP data were included. Both sacubitril/valsartan dosages reduced 24‐hour, daytime, and nighttime systolic BP, and 24‐hour and daytime diastolic BP, to a significantly greater extent than olmesartan in the dipper and nondipper groups. However, between‐group differences in nighttime systolic BP were more significant in the nondipper group (difference [95% CI] for sacubitril/valsartan 200 and 400 mg/d versus olmesartan 20 mg/d: –4.6 [95% CI, −7.3 to −1.8] and −6.8 [95% CI, −9.5 to −4.1] mm Hg, respectively;
P
<0.01 and
P
<0.001). Between‐group differences in the BP control rate were greatest in the nondipper subgroup (systolic BP control rate of 34.4% and 42.6% with sacubitril/valsartan 200 and 400 mg/d versus 23.1% with olmesartan 20 mg/d).

Conclusions
This analysis highlights the value of sacubitril/valsartan therapy in patients with a nondipper profile of nocturnal BP and confirms this agent's potent 24‐hour BP‐lowering effect in Japanese populations with hypertension.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01599104.
Symmetry Breaking for Voting Mechanisms*
Authors: Sankineni Preethi , Sutton Andrew M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Recently, Rowe and Aishwaryaprajna (2019) introduced a simple majority vote technique that efficiently solves Jump with large gaps, OneMax with large noise, and any monotone function with a polynomial-size image. In this paper, we identify a pathological condition for this algorithm: the presence of spin-flip symmetry in the problem instance. Spin-flip symmetry is the invariance of a pseudo-Boolean function to complementation. Many important combinatorial optimization problems admit objective functions that exhibit this pathology, such as graph problems, Ising models, and variants of propositional satisfiability. We prove that no population size exists that allows the majority vote technique to solve spin-flip symmetric functions of unitation with reasonable probability. To remedy this, we introduce a symmetry-breaking technique that allows the majority vote algorithm to overcome this issue for many landscapes. This technique requires only a minor modification to the original majority vote algorithm to force it to sample strings in {0,1}n from a dimension n-1 hyperplane. We prove a sufficient condition for a spin-flip symmetric function to possess in order for the symmetry-breaking voting algorithm to succeed, and prove its efficiency on generalized TwoMax, a spin-flip symmetric variant of Jump, and families of constructed 3-NAE-SAT and 2-XOR-SAT formulas. We also prove that the algorithm fails on the one-dimensional Ising model, and suggest different techniques for overcoming this. Finally, we present empirical results that explore the tightness of the runtime bounds and the performance of the technique on randomized satisfiability variants.