bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between neuropsychiatric symptoms and incident Alzheimer’s dementia in men versus women
Authors: Liampas Ioannis , Siokas Vasileios , Lyketsos Constantine G. , Dardiotis Efthimios 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objective
To examine whether associations between individual neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) and incident Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) differ in men versus women.

Methods
Data were acquired from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC) Uniform Data Set. Two sets of older (≥ 60 years) participants were formed: one of cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals, and one of participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). NPS were assessed using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards models examined associations between individual NPS and AD incidence separately for each participant set. These models featured individual NPS, sex, NPS by sex interactions as well as a number of covariates.

Results
The analysis involved 9,854 CU individuals followed for 5.5 ± 3.8 years and 6,369 participants with MCI followed for 3.8 ± 3.0 years. NPS were comparably associated with future AD in men and women with MCI. Regarding CU participants, the following significant sex by NPS interactions were noted: female sex moderated the risk conferred by moderate/severe apathy (HR = 7.36, 3.25–16.64) by 74%, mitigated the risk conferred by moderate/severe depression (HR = 3.61, 2.08–6.28) by 52%, and augmented the risks conferred by mild depression (HR = 1.00, 0.60–1.68) and agitation (HR = 0.81, 0.40–1.64) by 83% and 243%, respectively.

Conclusions
Apathy, depression and agitation were differentially associated with incident AD in CU men and women. No individual NPS was associated with different risks of future AD in men versus women with MCI.
Subchronic tolerance trials of graded oral supplementation with ornithine hydrochloride or citrulline in healthy adults
Authors: Miura Naoki , Morishita Koji , Yasuda Takamasa , Akiduki Saori , Matsumoto Hideki 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOrnithine and citrulline are amino acids used in dietary supplements and nutritional products consumed by healthy consumers, but the safe supplementation levels of these compounds are unknown. The objective of this study was to conduct two 4-week clinical trials to evaluate the safety and tolerability of graded dosages of oral ornithine (as hydrochloride) and citrulline. Healthy male adults (n = 60, age 41.4 ± 1.5 years) completed graded dosages of either ornithine hydrochloride (3.2, 6, 9.2, and 12 g/day) or citrulline (6, 12, 18, and 24 g/day) supplement for 4 weeks with 2-week wash-out periods in between. Primary outcomes included vitals, a broad spectrum of circulating biochemical analytes, body weight, sleep quality, and mental self-assessment. In the ornithine hydrochloride supplementation group, minor increase in plasma aspartic acid and glutamic acid concentrations was observed at the highest intake dosages. In the citrulline supplementation group, minor changes in laboratory data for serum lactate dehydrogenase and plasma amino acid concentration of lysine, methionine, threonine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glutamine and ornithine, arginine, and citrulline itself were measured. No other changes in measured parameters were observed, and study subjects tolerated 4-week-long oral supplementation of ornithine hydrochloride or citrulline without treatment-related adverse events. A clinical, no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) of ornithine hydrochloride and citrulline supplementation in healthy adult males was determined to be 12 g/day and 24 g/day (4 weeks), respectively.
A low-cost AR application to control arm prosthesis
Authors: Sanchez-Rocamora Alvaro , Martinez-Martin Ester , Costa Angelo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper presents an augmented reality application to assist with myoelectric prostheses control for people with limb amputations. For that, we use the low-cost Myo armband coupled with low-level signal processing methods specifically built to control filters’ levels and processing chain. In particular, we use deep learning techniques to process the signals and to accurately identify seven different hand gestures. From that, we have built an augmented reality projection of a hand based on AprilTag markers that displays the gesture identified by the deep learning techniques. With the aim to properly train the gesture recognition system, we have built our own dataset with nine subjects. This dataset was combined with one publicly available to work with the data of 24 subjects in total. Finally, three different deep learning architectures have been comparatively studied, achieving high accuracy values (being 95.56% the best one). This validates our hypothesis that it is possible to have an adaptive platform able to fast learn personalized hand/arm gestures while projecting a virtual hand in real-time. This can reduce the adaptation time to myoelectric prostheses and improve the acceptance levels.
Utilization study on red brick waste as novel reinforcing and economical filler for acrylonitrile butadiene rubber composite
Authors: Shafik Emad S. , Tharwat C. , Abd-El-Messieh Salwa L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRed brick waste (RBW) powder was used as a reinforcing filler for acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) for preparing eco-friendly composites. The main constituent of this waste is silica which is considered to be one of the traditional fillers used in the rubber industry. So it was worthwhile to get (RBW) in a suitable manner by using this waste as a filler for NBR. Physicomechanical properties were evaluated, including tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness shore A, and change in mechanical properties after thermal-oxidative aging for seven days at 90 °C. In addition, equilibrium swelling in toluene for prepared composites was also included. Moreover, cross-linking density was measured according to Flory Rehner's equation. From physicomechanical measurements, it is observed that the tensile strength and hardness (shore A) increased with increasing the waste filler content because of the red brick filler's stiffness. In contrast, the elongation at break and equilibrium swelling degree decreased with increasing the waste filler content. The morphology of the polymeric composites was monitored using a scanning electron microscope which reflects the uniform distribution of the filler inside the NBR matrix. The electrical and magnetic properties of NBR/RBW composites were evaluated. The electrical measurements revealed that the values of ε′ increase by increasing red brick waste while ε'' decreases by increasing filler content. The dc conductivity σdc values lie in the order of 10–11 S/cm. This finding recommends that such composites could be used for insulation and antistatic applications. In addition, the magnetic measurements show superparamagnetic behavior in NBR/RBW composites. Therefore, the obtained composites be used as electromagnetic composites based on electrical and magnetic measurements.
Graphical Abstract
A menu of measures to manage trade-related plant pest risks, and a review of methods for demonstrating measure efficacy
Authors: van Klinken Rieks D. , Kingham Lloyd , Hill Matthew P. , Collins Kerry 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEver-increasing global trade is one of the most important introduction pathways for plant pests. A diverse range of risk-reducing measures can be applied depending on the pest, the commodity and the import requirements. We used a review of over 1,800 risk reduction measures to extend a risk framework and menu of measures, previously developed for horticulture, to be applied to any commodity. We also reviewed how the efficacy of risk reduction measures is demonstrated, and assessed the maturity of the supporting science. We identified 39 unique risk reduction measures that were classified according to how they reduce risk. These were grouped under ten measure categories and four risk reduction objectives (minimising exposure to pest, minimising vulnerability of the commodity, reducing infestation rate and reducing establishment risk). These could then be applied against one or more consignment stages (production, post-production and post-border). Measures covered both commercial activities that reduce risk and may contribute to pest risk assessment, and regulated measures mandated to address unrestricted risk. Almost 90% of citations included measures that minimised exposure to pests or reduced infestation. Some measures were rarely reported, and some commodity classes had few measures associated with them, suggesting that available measures are being underutilised. Clear guidance was apparent for demonstrating efficacy of some measures (e.g., kill treatments), but lacking for many others. Compiling a ‘menu of risk reduction measures’ according to how they reduce risk, accompanied by clear guidelines for demonstrating efficacy, provides a robust basis for agreement between jurisdictions, and the further development, refinement and communication of efforts to both assess and manage the risk of global, trade-related pest movement. Agreement on how efficacy can be demonstrated for less utilised measures identified in this study will contribute to the further development of risk-based trade.
Alzheimer’s-Associated Upregulation of Mitochondria-Associated ER Membranes After Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Agrawal Rishi R. , Larrea Delfina , Xu Yimeng , Shi Lingyan , Zirpoli Hylde , Cummins Leslie G. , Emmanuele Valentina , Song Donghui , Yun Taekyung D. , Macaluso Frank P. , Min Wei , Kernie Steven G. , Deckelbaum Richard J. , Area-Gomez Estela 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) through mechanisms that remain incompletely characterized. Similar to AD, TBI models present with cellular metabolic alterations and modulated cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP). Specifically, AD and TBI tissues display increases in amyloid-β as well as its precursor, the APP C-terminal fragment of 99 a.a. (C99). Our recent data in cell models of AD indicate that C99, due to its affinity for cholesterol, induces the formation of transient lipid raft domains in the ER known as mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes (“MAM” domains). The formation of these domains recruits and activates specific lipid metabolic enzymes that regulate cellular cholesterol trafficking and sphingolipid turnover. Increased C99 levels in AD cell models promote MAM formation and significantly modulate cellular lipid homeostasis. Here, these phenotypes were recapitulated in the controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of TBI in adult mice. Specifically, the injured cortex and hippocampus displayed significant increases in C99 and MAM activity, as measured by phospholipid synthesis, sphingomyelinase activity and cholesterol turnover. In addition, our cell type-specific lipidomics analyses revealed significant changes in microglial lipid composition that are consistent with the observed alterations in MAM-resident enzymes. Altogether, we propose that alterations in the regulation of MAM and relevant lipid metabolic pathways could contribute to the epidemiological connection between TBI and AD.
Graphical Abstract
Riparian detritus vs. stream detritus: food quality determines fitness of juveniles of the highly endangered freshwater pearl mussels (Margaritifera margaritifera)
Authors: Grunicke Felix , Wagner Annekatrin , von Elert Eric , Weitere Markus , Berendonk Thomas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDetritus is an important energy source of stream food webs. Being a mix of allochthonous and autochthonous sources, it is often unknown, which components contribute to the growth of stream organisms. This study focussed on the comparison of two different detritus types (riparian detritus and stream detritus) with respect to food quality and effects on growth as a fitness parameter of juvenile freshwater pearl mussels (FPM). We performed feeding experiments with juvenile FPM under laboratory conditions using the two detritus types from four different natural sources each. Food quality was determined by analysing the fatty acid composition. Stream detritus (conditioned to stream environment including autochthonous microbes) resulted in significantly higher growth rates of juvenile FPM than predominately terrestrial-based riparian detritus indicating higher food quality. Significantly positive correlations were found between mussel growth and different groups of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). This suggests that especially trace substances such as long-chained n-3 PUFAs and a high ratio of n-3 to n-6 PUFAs enhance the food quality of stream detritus for juvenile FPM. These results highlight the importance of instream conditioning of detritus for the food mix in headwater streams and the importance of PUFAs for the development of juvenile FPM.
Terahertz Electromodulation Spectroscopy for Characterizing Electronic Transport in Organic Semiconductor Thin Films
Authors: Riederer Philipp , Kersting Roland 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTerahertz (THz) spectroscopy is a well-established tool for measuring the high-frequency conductance of inorganic semiconductors. Its application to organic semiconductors, however, is challenging, because of the low carrier mobilities in organic materials, which rarely exceed 10cm2/Vs. Furthermore, low charge carrier densities in organic field-effect devices lead to sheet conductivities that are often far-below the detection limits of conventional THz techniques. In this contribution, we present the application of THz electromodulation spectroscopy for characterizing charge transport in organic semiconductors. Pulses of THz radiation are transmitted through organic field-effect devices and are time-resolved by electro-optic sampling. A differential transmission signal is obtained by modulating the gate voltage of the devices. This controls charge injection into the semiconductors, where the charge carriers reduce the THz transmission by their Drude response. Advantageous is that a nearly noise-free differential transmission can be obtained. Furthermore, electromodulation allows to sense specifically either injected electrons or holes. Because the method exclusively probes transport of mobile carriers, it provides access to fundamental transport properties, which are difficult to access with conventional characterization methods, such as conductance measurements of organic field-effect transistors. The outstanding property that a relative differential signal is measured allows to obtain charge carrier mobilities with high reliability. Mobilities as small as 1cm2/Vs can be probed, which makes THz electromodulation spectroscopy an attractive tool for studying charge transport in most technologically relevant organic semiconductors.
Numerical analysis of a problem of elasticity with several dissipation mechanisms
Authors: Bazarra Noelia , Fernández José R. , Quintanilla Ramón 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this work, we numerically study a problem including several dissipative mechanisms. A particular case involving the symmetry of the coupling matrix and three mechanisms is considered, leading to the exponential decay of the corresponding solutions. Then, a fully discrete approximation of the general case in two dimensions is introduced by using the finite element method and the implicit Euler scheme. A priori error estimates are obtained and the linear convergence is derived under some appropriate regularity conditions on the continuous solution. Finally, some numerical simulations are performed to illustrate the numerical convergence and the behavior of the discrete energy depending on the number of dissipative mechanisms.
The not-yet-conscious
Authors: Fuchs Thomas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNot only our conscious expectations, wishes and intentions are directed towards the future, but also pre- or unconscious tendencies, hunches and anticipations. Using a term of Ernst Bloch, they can be summarized as the not-yet-conscious. This not-yet-conscious mostly unfolds spontaneously and without plan; it is not directly anticipated or aimed at, but rather comes to awareness in such a way that the subject is, as it were, surprised by itself. Thus it gives rise to phenomena such as the striking, the coincidental, the new, and the improvised, which are particularly important for understanding creative and therapeutic processes. The paper aims at providing a general phenomenological framework for the understanding of not-yet-conscious dynamics and their unfolding in different contexts. To this end, the structure of the not-yet-conscious is examined in light of protention, in which the phenomenon is fundamentally to be located. I propose to describe the general structure of protention as a future-directed horizon of graded probabilities, i.e., as a “protentional cone”. This cone is fed by current experiences and bodily tendencies and is focused to varying degrees by attention. This results in either more focused or rather defocused states of anticipation, the latter giving space to the not-yet-conscious as a meaning “in statu nascendi”. On this basis, selected manifestations of the not-yet-conscious are analyzed, including extemporaneous speech, artistic improvisation and creativity, bodily meaning implicates, decision-making, and meaningful coincidence.
Structure-based hyperparameter selection with Bayesian optimization in multidimensional scaling
Authors: Rusch Thomas , Mair Patrick , Hornik Kurt 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe introduce the structure optimized proximity scaling (STOPS) framework for hyperparameter selection in parametrized multidimensional scaling and extensions (proximity scaling; PS). The selection process for hyperparameters is based on the idea that we want the configuration to show a certain structural quality (c-structuredness). A number of structures and how to measure them are discussed. We combine the structural quality by means of c-structuredness indices with the PS badness-of-fit measure in a multi-objective scalarization approach, yielding the Stoploss objective. Computationally we suggest a profile-type algorithm that first solves the PS problem and then uses Stoploss in an outer step to optimize over the hyperparameters. Bayesian optimization with treed Gaussian processes as a an apt and efficient strategy for carrying out the outer optimization is recommended. This way, hyperparameter tuning for many instances of PS is covered in a single conceptual framework. We illustrate the use of the STOPS framework with three data examples.
Irregular alignment of arbitrarily long DNA sequences on GPU
Authors: Perez-Wohlfeil Esteban , Trelles Oswaldo , Guil Nicolás 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe use of Graphics Processing Units to accelerate computational applications is increasingly being adopted due to its affordability, flexibility and performance. However, achieving top performance comes at the price of restricted data-parallelism models. In the case of sequence alignment, most GPU-based approaches focus on accelerating the Smith-Waterman dynamic programming algorithm due to its regularity. Nevertheless, because of its quadratic complexity, it becomes impractical when comparing long sequences, and therefore heuristic methods are required to reduce the search space. We present GPUGECKO, a CUDA implementation for the sequential, seed-and-extend sequence-comparison algorithm, GECKO. Our proposal includes optimized kernels based on collective operations capable of producing arbitrarily long alignments while dealing with heterogeneous and unpredictable load. Contrary to other state-of-the-art methods, GPUGECKO employs a batching mechanism that prevents memory exhaustion by not requiring to fit all alignments at once into the device memory, therefore enabling to run massive comparisons exhaustively with improved sensitivity while also providing up to 6x average speedup w.r.t. the CUDA acceleration of BLASTN.
Influence of Defects in Graphene-Like Network of Diamond-Like Carbon on Silica Scale Adhesion
Authors: Nakashima Y. , Umehara N. , Kousaka H. , Tokoroyama T. , Murashima M. , Murakami K. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSilica scale adhesion onto geothermal power plant equipment reduces the power efficiency. In our previous study, diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings with low sp2 fractions and high hydrogen contents were found to suppress silica adhesion. Therefore, the present study was aimed at clarifying the mechanism of silica adhesion onto the graphene-like network of DLC. In-lens scanning electron microscopic imaging of silica adhered onto defective graphene indicated that the adhesion occurred on defects in the graphene-like network. First-principles calculations revealed that the graphene with hydrogen-terminated defects exhibited reduced adsorption energy between silica and the graphene-like network. Overall, the simulations and experiments helped establish a silica adhesion model in which defects in the graphene-like network of DLC behave as silica adhesion sites.
Graphical Abstract
Analysis of the efficacy and risk factors of surgical treatment of recurrent UPJO in adults
Authors: Gao Wenzhi , Zhang Lei , He Yuhui , Tian Tai , Li Zhihua , Bai Liangliang , Shen Ying , Huang Chen , Wang Bing , Zhang Peng , Feng Ninghan , Li Xuechao , Guo Yuexian , Li Xuesong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
To compare the efficacy of secondary pyeloplasty and balloon dilation and to analyze the risk factors for secondary surgical failure in patients with recurrent uretero-pelvic junction obstruction (UPJO).

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 65 patients with recurrent UPJO who underwent secondary surgery between September 2011 and March 2019, of whom 33 had complete baseline data and follow-up data. General clinical information, perioperative data, and follow-up results were collected from patients. Risk factors for surgical failure in patients with recurrent UPJO were analyzed using logistic regression.

Results
The failure rates of secondary pyeloplasty and balloon dilation in secondary surgery were 16.7% and 33.3%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that ureteral stenosis length and operative time were associated with secondary pyeloplasty and balloon dilatation failure (p < 0.05), and ureteral stenosis length was an independent risk factor for secondary pyeloplasty failure (OR = 0.074, 95% CI: 0.006–0.864, p = 0.038). In the balloon dilation group, treatment failure rates were significantly lower in patients with stenotic segment lengths less than 1 ± 0.32 cm than in patients with stenotic segment lengths greater than 1 ± 0.32 cm (p = 0.019).

Conclusions
The secondary pyeloplasty may provide better benefit. Ureteral stricture length is an independent risk factor for failure of secondary pyeloplasty and a potential risk factor for balloon dilatation. Operation time is a potential risk factor for pyeloplasty and balloon dilatation.