bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating consumer challenges against dark patterns using grey influence analysis (GINA)
Authors: Singh Vibhav , Vishvakarma Niraj Kumar , Kumar Vinod 
Published: January 2025

PurposeDue to the extreme competition in the e-commerce landscape, online companies resort to driving extra profits by manipulating user decisions via manipulative user interfaces and tricks, known as dark patterns. Although many online users are aware of such manipulative tactics, they struggle to combat dark patterns due to certain challenges. Therefore, this study identifies and ranks the most and least significant user challenges in resisting dark patterns in e-commerce.Design/methodology/approachInitially, the authors identified 11 user challenges against dark patterns in the existing literature. After collecting expert opinions about the challenges from 17 industry professionals, the authors used grey influence analysis (GINA) to identify the most significant challenges.FindingsThe study reveals that lack of user awareness, partial control over cognitive biases and user preference for short-term benefits are the most influential challenges. Conversely, the normalization of aggressive marketing, lack of collective user action and legal challenges were found to have minimal influence.Research limitations/implicationsThe study’s findings apply to the generic e-commerce industry and may differ in specialized sectors.Practical implicationsThe study’s findings could encourage specialized consumer education regarding dark patterns to assist users in minimizing cognitive biases. Based on the insights, e-commerce companies might differentiate themselves by embracing ethical design methods and supporting consumer trust and transparency above manipulative techniques.Originality/valueThe study pioneered the use of GINA to model user challenges in combating dark patterns, providing fresh insights into how these challenges interact and influence user behavior. It is one of the first to show the cascading effects of user challenges in a manipulative e-commerce environment.
Predicting invasion success of naturalized cultivated plants in China
Authors: Dong Bi‐Cheng , Dong Ran , Yang Qiang , Kinlock Nicole L. , Yu Fei‐Hai , van Kleunen Mark 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Plant invasions pose significant threats to native ecosystems, human health, and global economies. However, the complex and multidimensional nature of factors influencing plant invasions makes it challenging to predict and interpret their invasion success accurately.

Using a robust machine learning algorithm, random forest, and an extensive suite of characteristics related to environmental niches, species traits, and propagule pressure, we developed a classification model to predict the invasion success of naturalized cultivated plants in China. Based on the final optimal model, we evaluated the relative importance of individual and grouped variables and their prediction performance.

Our study identified key individual variables within each of three groupings: climatic suitability and native range size (environmental niches), phylogenetic distance to the closest native taxon and vegetative propagation mode (species traits), and the number of botanical gardens and provinces where species were cultivated (propagule pressure). Remarkably, when grouped variables were evaluated, the relative importance of grouped variables increased dramatically—by 13.5–17.7 times—compared with the cumulative importance of individual variables within a category. However, the relative importance of one category was primarily due to the number of variables within each category rather than its inherent characteristics.

Synthesis and applications. Our findings emphasize the necessity of developing data‐driven predictive tools for effective invasion risk assessment using large datasets. By identifying key individual variables, we recommend prioritizing surveillance of alien plant species with large native ranges and high climatic suitability. By evaluating grouped variables, we emphasize the significance of grouped variables in enhancing model interpretability by providing deeper insights into the complex interactions among individual factors within each predefined category. This comprehensive approach can not only identify the most influential predictors of invasion success but also equip policymakers with evidence‐based strategies for surveillance, early detection, and targeted intervention of invasive plants.
Plant phylogeny, traits and fungal community composition as drivers of plant–soil feedbacks
Authors: Sweeney Christopher J. , Semchenko Marina , de Vries Franciska T. , van Dongen Bart E. , Bardgett Richard D. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Plant–soil feedbacks (PSFs) are key drivers of plant community dynamics. However, our understanding of the factors moderating PSFs remains limited. We examined how plant phylogenetic relatedness and functional traits determine PSFs via their influence on rhizosphere fungal communities, especially arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and fungal pathotrophs.

We conducted a glasshouse PSF experiment using 21 temperate grassland plant species, where each focal species was exposed to soils conditioned by heterospecific plants of increasing phylogenetic dissimilarity. We tested whether phylogenetic distance between plant species, functional traits or the degree to which species associate with AMF or fungal pathotrophs, explained the magnitude and direction of PSF responses.

None of the measured plant traits explained PSFs, although the relative abundance of AMF was weakly and positively related to PSFs. Across all plant species, phylogenetic relatedness did not explain PSFs. However, species‐specific effects of phylogenetic relatedness on the outcome of PSFs were detected. In particular, significant relationships with phylogenetic relatedness were observed only for species characterised by the highest rhizosphere relative abundance of AMF or fungal pathotrophs. For Centaurea nigra and Vicia cracca (both high AMF abundance) and Anthoxanthum odoratum (high pathotroph abundance), we found that PSF became more positive with increased phylogenetic distance between focal and conditioning species, showing a shift towards increased performance in conspecific than heterospecific soils. Meanwhile, as phylogenetic dissimilarity between Poa trivialis (high pathotroph abundance) and the soil conditioning species increased, more negative PSFs were observed, indicating improved performance in soils conditioned by increasingly distant heterospecific species.

Synthesis. Our results suggest that plant traits and phylogenetic relatedness are poor predictors of plant–soil feedbacks (PSFs) among temperate grassland plant species. Hence, despite known effects of these factors in shaping rhizosphere microbial communities, the way plant species respond to these microbial communities is not related to the same characteristics. The occurrence of significant relationships between phylogenetic distance and PSFs in species with high relative abundances of mycorrhizal or pathogenic fungi suggests that the tendency to accumulate fungal mutualists or pathotrophs may be an important moderator of the relationship between plant phylogenetic relatedness and the magnitude and direction of PSFs.
Decisions to Adapt Family Farms to Climate Change in Cameroon
Authors: Tagang Tene Nelson Sergeo , Tsambou André Dumas , Fouopi Djiogap Constant 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe goal of this research is to identify the factors that explain family farm adaptation to climate change, as well as the complementarity between these various adaptation strategies. A multivariate probit model was used to analyse secondary data from 721 family farms. According to statistical analysis, 72% of farmers correctly perceive temperature increases over time and variations in rainfall as daily realities that must be incorporated into their farming practices. The most concerning phenomena are drought (52%), and flooding (34%). Econometric analysis reveals that the adaptation decision is explained by the farmer's experience, household size, farm size, religion, agroecological zone, producer cooperation, and credit facilities. Specifically, farm size had a positive and statistically significant effect on the likelihood of irrigating fields by 12.2% and using short‐duration seeds by 26.9%. Furthermore, there was a strong correlation between the different coping strategies, confirming the complementarity hypothesis. These findings imply that strengthening agricultural research and extension services, including farmer access to information, education, and training, is critical to the development of an effective climate change adaptation process.
Impact of an Oregon health policy aimed at strengthening adolescent linkage to outpatient mental health care from the emergency department
Authors: Kraynov Liliya , Charlesworth Christina , Choo Esther , McConnell K. John 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundOregon introduced a state policy, HB 3090, on October 6, 2017, which increased requirements on emergency departments (EDs) to improve transitions to outpatient mental health care. The objective of this study was to examine the policy's impact among low‐income adolescent patients who face severe barriers to follow‐up.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of visits by Medicaid enrollees ages 14–18 presenting to any Oregon ED for a mental health concern between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2019. We calculated standardized mean differences and used interrupted time series models to evaluate the association of HB 3090 with 14‐day mental health follow‐up, in‐ED services, and inpatient admissions, adjusting for gender, race/ethnicity, primary language, and calendar months.ResultsAmong 26,071 adolescent mental health–related ED visits, we found an estimated increase of 3.63 percentage points (pp; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.27 to 6.99) in the adjusted probability of a 14‐day outpatient mental health claim postpolicy. However, this effect was attenuated over time, with a slope change of −0.25 pp (95% CI −0.5 to 0) for each month thereafter. The probability of receiving mental health services in the ED or inpatient admission did not change in association with the policy.ConclusionsThere was a small increase in short‐term outpatient mental health visits after the policy, but the association weakened over time, and other key outcomes did not change. Putting pressure on EDs to perform better in this area is likely to be a minimally effective strategy without accompanying strengthening of mental health resources.
Emergency department early mortality model for patients admitted after presenting to a tertiary medical center emergency department
Authors: Brooten Justin K. , Speiser Jaime L. , Gabbard Jennifer L. , Miller David P. , Mahler Simon A. , Turner Adam S. , Omlor Rebecca L. , Mielke Michelle M. , Cline David M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectivesIdentifying patients in the emergency department (ED) at higher risk for in‐hospital mortality can inform shared decision making and goals‐of‐care discussions. Electronic health record systems allow for integrated multivariable logistic regression (LR) modeling, which can provide early predictions of mortality risk in time for crucial decision making during a patient's initial care. Many commonly used LR models require blood gas analysis values, which are not frequently obtained in the ED. The goal of this study was to develop an all‐cause mortality prediction model, derived from commonly collected ED data, which can assess mortality risk early in ED care.MethodsData were obtained for all patients, age 18 and older, admitted from the ED to Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist from April 1, 2016, through March 31, 2020. Initial vital signs including heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, pulse oximetry, weight, body mass index, comprehensive metabolic panel, and a complete blood count were electronically retrieved for all patients. The prediction model was developed using LR. The ED early mortality (EDEM) model was compared with the rapid Emergency Medicine Score (REMS) for performance analysis.ResultsA total of 45,004 patients met inclusion criteria, comprising a total of 77,117 admissions. In this cohort, 52.8% of patients were male and 47.2% were female. The model used 35 variables and yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.889 (95% CI 0.874–0.905) with a sensitivity of 0.828 (95% CI 0.791–0.860), a specificity of 0.788 (95% CI 0.783–0.794), a negative predictive value of 0.995 (95% CI 0.994–0.996), and a positive predictive value of 0.084 (95% CI 0.076–0.092). This outperformed REMS in this data set, which yielded an AUC of 0.500 (95% CI 0.455–0.545).ConclusionsThe EDEM model was predictive of in‐hospital mortality and was superior to REMS.
Ethosuximide: Subunit‐ and Gβγ‐dependent blocker and reporter of allosteric changes in GIRK channels
Authors: Shalomov Boris , Friesacher Theres , Yakubovich Daniel , Combista J. Carlo , Reddy Haritha P. , Dabbah Shoham , Bernsteiner Harald , Zangerl‐Plessl Eva‐Maria , Stary‐Weinzinger Anna , Dascal Nathan 
Published: January 2025

Background and PurposeThe antiepileptic drug ethosuximide (ETX) suppresses epileptiform activity in a mouse model of GNB1 syndrome, caused by mutations in Gβ1 protein, likely through the inhibition of G‐protein gated K+ (GIRK) channels. Here, we investigated the mechanism of ETX inhibition (block) of different GIRKs.Experimental ApproachWe studied ETX inhibition of GIRK channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes with or without their physiological activator, the G protein subunit dimer Gβγ. ETX binding site and mode of action were analysed using molecular dynamic (MD) simulations and kinetic modelling, and the predictions were tested by mutagenesis and functional testing.Key ResultsWe show that ETX is a subunit‐selective, allosteric blocker of GIRKs. The potency of ETX block is increased by Gβγ, in parallel with channel activation. MD simulations and mutagenesis locate the ETX binding site in GIRK2 to a region associated with phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐bisphosphate (PIP2) regulation, and suggest that ETX acts by closing the helix bundle crossing (HBC) gate and altering channel's interaction with PIP2. The apparent affinity of ETX block is highly sensitive to changes in channel gating caused by mutations in Gβ1 or GIRK subunits.Conclusion and ImplicationsETX block of GIRKs is allosteric, subunit‐specific, and enhanced by Gβγ through an intricate network of allosteric interactions within the channel molecule. Our findings pose GIRK as a potential therapeutic target for ETX and ETX as a potent allosteric GIRK blocker and a tool for probing gating‐related conformational changes in GIRK.
Distinct peripheral pro‐inflammatory profile associated with tuberous sclerosis complex and epilepsy
Authors: Balthazard Renaud , Drouin‐Engler Rose‐Marie , Bertrand Samuel , Zine‐Eddine Faycal , Li Jimmy , Tastet Olivier , Daigneault Audrey , Mamane Victoria H. , Ortega‐Delgado Gloria Gabrielle , Sreng Flores Alina Maria , Kaufmann Daniel E. , Major Philippe , House Andrew A. , Létourneau‐Guillon Laurent , Arbour Nathalie , Keezer Mark R. , Larochelle Catherine 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveTuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a monogenetic disorder associated with sustained mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation, leading to heterogeneous clinical manifestations. Epilepsy and renal angiomyolipoma are the most important causes of morbidity in adult people with TSC (pwTSC). mTOR is a key player in inflammation, which in turn could influence TSC‐related clinical manifestations. Reliable biomarkers are lacking to monitor and predict evolution and response to treatment for epilepsy in pwTSC. Inflammation has been implicated in epileptogenesis in non–TSC‐related epilepsy. We aimed to characterize the relation between markers of neuroglial activation/injury, markers of peripheral inflammation, and active epilepsy in pwTSC to identify accessible biomarkers and potential new therapeutic targets.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional study to investigate markers of central nervous system (CNS) (neurofilament light [NfL] and glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP]) and peripheral (45 cytokines) inflammation in the peripheral blood of pwTSC (n = 46) vs age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (HCs) (n = 26). In pwTSC, markers associated with active epilepsy (n = 23/46) were compared to non‐TSC epilepsy controls (n = 18). Observations on markers of neuroglial activation/injury (GFAP, NfL) were confirmed in an independent TSC cohort (n = 45; 69% with active epilepsy).ResultsWe report that TSC is characterized by elevated serum levels of marker of astrogliosis (GFAP), pro‐inflammatory molecules (interleukin 1β [IL‐1β], CXCL8) and trophic factor (epidermal growth factor [EGF]) compared to HCs and to non–TSC‐related epilepsy controls. Among pwTSC, renal angiomyolipoma presence and size was associated with IL‐15. It is notable that active epilepsy in pwTSC was associated with higher levels of GFAP compared to pwTSC without epilepsy, which was confirmed in an external validation cohort, and with elevated levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐17A, IL‐17C, tumor necrosis factor α [TNF‐α]), not significantly related to seizure activity or treatment with mTOR inhibitor. These associations remained significant after adjusting for age and sex.SignificanceThese results suggest that key inflammatory mediators could contribute to epileptogenesis and represent novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in TSC.
Accurate Simulation of Flow through Dipping Aquifers with MODFLOW 6 Using Enhanced Cell Connectivity
Authors: Provost Alden M. , Bardot Kerry , Langevin Christian D. , McCallum James L. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn simulations of groundwater flow through dipping aquifers, layers of model cells are often “deformed” to follow the top and bottom elevations of the aquifers. When this approach is used in MODFLOW, adjacent cells within the same model layer are vertically offset from one another, and the standard conductance‐based (two‐point) formulation for flow between cells does not rigorously account for these offsets. The XT3D multi‐point flow formulation in MODFLOW 6 is designed to account for geometric irregularities in the grid, including vertical offsets, and to provide accurate results for both isotropic and anisotropic groundwater flow. A recent study evaluated the performance of the standard formulation and XT3D using a simple, synthetic benchmark model of a steeply dipping aquifer. Although XT3D generally improved the accuracy of flow simulations relative to the standard formulation as expected, neither formulation produced accurate flows in cases that involved large vertical offsets. In this paper, we explain that the inability of XT3D to produce accurate flows in the steeply dipping aquifer benchmark was not due to an inherent limitation of the flow formulation, but rather to the limited cell connectivity inherent in the most commonly used discretization packages in MODFLOW 6. Furthermore, we demonstrate that XT3D is able to produce the expected accuracy when adequate cell connectivity is introduced using MODFLOW's unstructured grid type and the aquifer is discretized vertically using at least two model layers.
A loop‐mediated isothermal amplification assay to detect insect‐associated Serratia spp. in the critically endangered insect Dryococelus australis
Authors: Doidge Nicholas P. , Allen Joanne L. , Bushell Rhys , Lynch Michael , Browning Glenn F. , Marenda Marc S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Point‐of‐care diagnostic methods are being increasingly employed to monitor infection risks in animal populations. These approaches are particularly valuable for ex situ invertebrate conservation programmes that often involve large numbers of individuals and where the rapid return of results supports timely risk mitigation decisions.
Insect frass is a useful substrate to screen for the presence of pathogens transmitted by the faecal‐oral route in live insects but can result in false negatives when using common nucleic acid detection techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), because of poor DNA extraction yields and the presence of inhibitors.
We developed a diagnostic test to detect potentially entomopathogenic Serratia spp. in the frass of captive Dryococelus australis, using a cleanup step to improve DNA extraction by separating and concentrating bacterial cells, and a loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay targeting the ureD gene.
The LAMP assay had 1000 times greater analytical sensitivity than quantitative PCR when testing frass, did not yield false positive reactions when used to test a panel of 102 non‐Serratia spp., achieved results in 30 min and required only basic equipment.
We applied the assay in real‐life conditions to screen captive insects, yielding information about the enclosures, life stages and insect species shedding potential entomopathogens, to inform the biosecurity and management practices of the captive breeding and conservation programme for D. australis.
This diagnostic test could be modified for use in field conditions and adapted to detect other pathogens of concern in invertebrate conservation programmes and for insects reared in captivity for research or agricultural purposes.
The Influence Aesthetic Processes Can Have on Daycare Children's Play
Authors: Nielsen Johan Bundgaard 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis article argues for a reconceptualisation of early childhood education, where learning and development are not only valued by outcome, and aims to investigate how aesthetic processes are organised in ways for the children to be inspired, to compare, explore, and play. Inspired by a Vygotsky perspective and his theories of play, imagination, and creativity, the article argues for developmental perspectives where transformation is driven by different kinds of experiences that lead to sustained change and not a one‐sided passing of instructions from teacher to child. Drawing on ethnographic material from a qualitative research project implemented in Danish daycares, where an artist visited over a 3‐month period, shows specific patterns in how the children are engaging in aesthetic processes and multiple ways that joint activities inspire the children to play. The research reveals new insights into the relationship between aesthetic processes and play, as it facilitates the exploration of not only the many layers of aesthetics but also how participation in joint activities enables the aesthetic process to become a cultural frame of reference that is used in Play.