bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childhood growth outcomes 2 years after hypertensive versus normotensive pregnancy: a P4 study
Authors: Gow Megan L. , Vakil Priya , Roberts Lynne , Davis Greg , Khouri Joseph M. , Dosen Ana , Brown Mark A. , Craig Maria E. , Henry Amanda 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Intrauterine exposure to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including gestational hypertension (GH) and preeclampsia (PE), may influence infant growth and have long-term health implications. This study aimed to compare growth outcomes of infants exposed to a normotensive pregnancy (NTP), GH, or PE from birth to 2 years.

Methods
Infants were children of women enroled in the prospective Postpartum Physiology, Psychology and Paediatric (P4) cohort study who had NTP, GH or PE. Birth, 6-month (age-corrected) and 2-year (age-corrected) weight z-scores, change in weight z-scores, rapid weight gain (≥0.67 increase in weight z-score) and conditional weight gain z-scores were calculated to assess infant growth (NTP = 240, GH = 19, PE = 66).

Results
Infants exposed to PE compared to NTP or GH had significantly lower birth weight and length z-scores, but there were no differences in growth outcomes at 6 months or 2 years. GH and PE-exposed infants had significantly greater weight z-score gain [95% CI] (PE = 0.93 [0.66–1.18], GH = 1.03 [0.37–1.68], NTP = 0.45 [0.31–0.58], p < 0.01) and rapid weight gain (GH = 63%, PE = 59%, NTP = 42%, p = 0.02) from birth to 2 years, which remained significant for PE-exposed infants after confounder adjustment.

Conclusion
In this cohort, GH and PE were associated with accelerated infant weight gain that may increase future cardiometabolic disease risk.

Impact

Preeclampsia exposed infants were smaller at birth, compared with normotensive pregnancy and gestational hypertension exposed infants, but caught up in growth by 2 years of age.

Both preeclampsia and gestational hypertension exposed infants had significantly accelerated weight gain from birth to 2 years, which remained significant for preeclampsia exposed infants after adjustment for confounders including small for gestational age.

Monitoring of growth patterns in infants born following exposure to a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy may be indicated to prevent accelerated weight gain trajectories and obesity.
Recent advances in targeting the “undruggable” proteins: from drug discovery to clinical trials
Authors: Xie Xin , Yu Tingting , Li Xiang , Zhang Nan , Foster Leonard J. , Peng Cheng , Huang Wei , He Gu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUndruggable proteins are a class of proteins that are often characterized by large, complex structures or functions that are difficult to interfere with using conventional drug design strategies. Targeting such undruggable targets has been considered also a great opportunity for treatment of human diseases and has attracted substantial efforts in the field of medicine. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the recent development of drug discovery targeting “undruggable” proteins and their application in clinic. To make this review well organized, we discuss the design strategies targeting the undruggable proteins, including covalent regulation, allosteric inhibition, protein–protein/DNA interaction inhibition, targeted proteins regulation, nucleic acid-based approach, immunotherapy and others.
Allicin promotes functional recovery in ischemic stroke via glutathione peroxidase-1 activation of Src-Akt-Erk
Authors: Zhuang Fei , Shi Xin , Qiao Sen , Liu Bin , Wang Zhimei , Huo Huanhuan , Liang Feng , Shen Linghong , Zhu Lijuan , He Ben , Wang Hongmei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAllicin exhibits various pharmacological activities and has been suggested to be beneficial in the treatment of stroke. However, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we confirmed that allicin protected the brain from cerebral injury, which could be ascribed to its anti‑apoptotic and anti‑inflammatory effects, as well as the regulation of lipid metabolism, using proteomics and metabolomics analysis. Our results suggested that allicin could significantly ameliorate behavioral characteristics, cerebral infarct area, cell apoptosis, inflammatory factors, and lipid metabolic-related factors (arachidonic acid, 15-hydroperoxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (15S-HPETE), palmitoylcarnitine, and acylcarnitine) by recalibrating astrocyte homeostasis in mice with photothrombotic stroke (PT). In astrocytes, allicin significantly increased glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) levels and inhibited the arachidonic acid-related pathway, which was also observed in the brains of mice with PT. Allicin was proven to inhibit hypoxia-induced astrocyte apoptosis by increasing GPX1 expression, activating proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src (Src)- protein kinase B (AKT)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, and decreasing lipid peroxidation. Thus, we concluded that allicin significantly prevented and ameliorated ischemic stroke by increasing GPX1 levels to complete the complex physiological process.
The role of the retinal vasculature in age-related macular degeneration: a spotlight on OCTA
Authors: Taylor Thomas R. P. , Menten Martin J. , Rueckert Daniel , Sivaprasad Sobha , Lotery Andrew J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) remains a disease with high morbidity and an incompletely understood pathophysiological mechanism. The ocular blood supply has been implicated in the development of the disease process, of which most research has focused on the role of the choroid and choriocapillaris. Recently, interest has developed into the role of the retinal vasculature in AMD, particularly with the advent of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), which enables non-invasive imaging of the eye’s blood vessels. This review summarises the up-to-date body of work in this field including the proposed links between observed changes in the retinal vessels and the development of AMD and potential future directions for research in this area. The review highlights that the strongest evidence supports the observation that patients with early to intermediate AMD have reduced vessel density in the superficial vascular complex of the retina, but also emphasises the need for caution when interpreting such studies due to their variable methodologies and nomenclature.
Specialized astrocytes mediate glutamatergic gliotransmission in the CNS
Authors: de Ceglia Roberta , Ledonne Ada , Litvin David Gregory , Lind Barbara Lykke , Carriero Giovanni , Latagliata Emanuele Claudio , Bindocci Erika , Di Castro Maria Amalia , Savtchouk Iaroslav , Vitali Ilaria , Ranjak Anurag , Congiu Mauro , Canonica Tara , Wisden William , Harris Kenneth , Mameli Manuel , Mercuri Nicola , Telley Ludovic , Volterra Andrea 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMultimodal astrocyte–neuron communications govern brain circuitry assembly and function1. For example, through rapid glutamate release, astrocytes can control excitability, plasticity and synchronous activity2,3 of synaptic networks, while also contributing to their dysregulation in neuropsychiatric conditions4–7. For astrocytes to communicate through fast focal glutamate release, they should possess an apparatus for Ca2+-dependent exocytosis similar to neurons8–10. However, the existence of this mechanism has been questioned11–13 owing to inconsistent data14–17 and a lack of direct supporting evidence. Here we revisited the astrocyte glutamate exocytosis hypothesis by considering the emerging molecular heterogeneity of astrocytes18–21 and using molecular, bioinformatic and imaging approaches, together with cell-specific genetic tools that interfere with glutamate exocytosis in vivo. By analysing existing single-cell RNA-sequencing databases and our patch-seq data, we identified nine molecularly distinct clusters of hippocampal astrocytes, among which we found a notable subpopulation that selectively expressed synaptic-like glutamate-release machinery and localized to discrete hippocampal sites. Using GluSnFR-based glutamate imaging22 in situ and in vivo, we identified a corresponding astrocyte subgroup that responds reliably to astrocyte-selective stimulations with subsecond glutamate release events at spatially precise hotspots, which were suppressed by astrocyte-targeted deletion of vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1). Furthermore, deletion of this transporter or its isoform VGLUT2 revealed specific contributions of glutamatergic astrocytes in cortico-hippocampal and nigrostriatal circuits during normal behaviour and pathological processes. By uncovering this atypical subpopulation of specialized astrocytes in the adult brain, we provide insights into the complex roles of astrocytes in central nervous system (CNS) physiology and diseases, and identify a potential therapeutic target.
In-situ hearing threshold estimation using Gaussian process classification
Authors: Boven Christopher , Roberts Reagan , Biggus Jeff , Patel Malini , Matsuoka Akihiro J. , Richter Claus-Peter 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOne in six Americans suffers from hearing loss. While treatment with amplification is possible for many, the acceptance rate of hearing aids is low. Poor device fitting is one of the reasons. The hearing aid fitting starts with a detailed hearing assessment by a trained audiologist in a sound-controlled environment, using standard equipment. The hearing aid is adjusted step-by-step, following well-described procedures based on the audiogram. However, for many patients in rural settings, considerable travel time to a hearing center discourages them from receiving a hearing test and treatment. We hypothesize that hearing assessment with the patient’s hearing aid can reliably substitute the hearing test in the clinic. Over-the-counter hearing aids could be programmed from a distance and fine-tuned by the hearing aid wearer. This study shows that a patient-controlled hearing assessment via a hearing aid in a non-clinical setting is not statistically different from an audiologist-controlled hearing assessment in a clinical setting. The differences in hearing obtained with our device and the Gaussian Process are within 3 dB of the standard audiogram. At 250 Hz, the sound delivery with the hearing aid used in this study added an additional reduction of sound level, which was not compensated.
Aerosol processes perturb cloud trends over Bay of Bengal: observational evidence
Authors: Kant Sunny , Sarangi Chandan , Wilcox Eric M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAlthough, the aerosol-cloud interactions and its impact on daily to seasonal radiation/temperature has been well observed over South Asia in last two decade, the role of aerosol-cloud interactions on cloud occurrence trends (and surface temperature) is yet not evident. Here, evidence of aerosol-induced control on cloud occurrence trends over the Northern Bay of Bengal (NBOB) during the monsoon onset period is presented. In last 15 years, increased aerosol emissions over North India have led to an increase in aerosol loading at an elevated altitude of 1–3 km over the NBOB outflow region in monsoon onset period. This elevated aerosol loading induces increases the air temperature at 1–2 km altitude and stabilizes the lower troposphere over the region in recent years. The enhanced atmospheric stability in the region caused low-level cloud occurrences (below 3 km) to increase in recent years by ~20%, potentially contributing to the observed non-intuitive cooling trends in sea surface temperatures. These aerosol-cloud-climate observations emphasize the crucial need for improved aerosol representations in coupled ocean-atmosphere models for accurate predictions of climate change over South Asia.
Majorana corner states on the dice lattice
Authors: Mohanta Narayan , Soni Rahul , Okamoto Satoshi , Dagotto Elbio 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLattice geometry continues providing exotic topological phases in condensed matter physics. Exciting recent examples are the higher-order topological phases, manifesting via localized lower-dimensional boundary states. Moreover, flat electronic bands with a non-trivial topology arise in various lattices and can hold a finite superfluid density, bounded by the Chern number C. Here we consider attractive interaction in the dice lattice that hosts flat bands with C = ± 2 and show that the induced superconducting state exhibits a second-order topological phase with mixed singlet-triplet pairing. The second-order nature of the topological superconducting phase is revealed by the zero-energy Majorana bound states at the lattice corners. Hence, the topology of the normal state dictates the nature of the Majorana localization. These findings suggest that flat bands with a higher Chern number provide feasible platforms for inducing higher-order topological superconductivity.
A Survey of Speech-Language Pathologists' Applications of Motor Learning Principles in Dysphagia Therapy in Adults in India
Authors: Dodderi Thejaswi , Muthukumar Varsha , Hedge Prasanna Suresh , Rai Santosh P. V. , Moolambally Sheetal Raj , Balasubramanium Radish Kumar , Kothari Mohit 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:
In the study, we investigated whether speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in India use practice and feedback conditions of motor learning principles (MLPs), including biofeedback, in dysphagia therapy in adults using a problem–solution approach.

Method:
Based on a literature review and clinical experience, we developed and validated a hypothetical case involving an adult with dysphagia (representing the problem) and a purpose-built 22-item questionnaire (representing the solution). We distributed the questionnaire electronically by sending an e-mail to 2,069 SLPs and also published a flyer on the dysphagia special interest group of India.

Results:
A total of 107 SLPs anonymously submitted their responses. In practice conditions, most of the SLPs reported following massed over distributed, small over large, blocked over random, whole over part, variable over constant, and internal over external practice strategies. In feedback conditions, most of the participants reported using knowledge of results over performance, high over low, immediate over delayed, and self over therapist feedback strategies. Lastly, more than two thirds of SLPs did not use biofeedback devices for dysphagia therapy.

Conclusion:
The findings from our study indicate that SLPs in India do not adhere uniformly to the recommended practices of MLPs for dysphagia therapy in adults.
Bi‐level optimization of multi‐regional power system considering low‐carbon oriented synergy of both source and load sides
Authors: Liao Wang , Liu Dong , Wu Yufeng , Liu Tianyuan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe expansion of low‐carbon power generation has led to increased complexity in the dispatching mode of the power system. To achieve low‐carbon economic operation for multi‐regional power systems, this study proposes a decentralized dispatch architecture and a bi‐level low‐carbon economic dispatching (LCED) model. At the upper level, the model proposes a carbon emission constraint mechanism that is tailored to the coordinated operation of multiple regions, aiming to minimize the total operating cost. At the lower level, the model considers the reduction of carbon emission obligation on the load side and introduces the carbon emission flow (CEF) theory to calculate the degree of reduction in carbon emission intensity. To accommodate the decentralized autonomy and information privacy of different regions, a distributed alternating direction method of multipliers (D‐ADMM) algorithm is adopted to solve the upper‐level problem for the multi‐regional power system, enabling the fully distributed solution of the bi‐level optimization problem. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed bi‐level model is validated through a case study on the modified IEEE 39‐bus system, which demonstrates that the model can significantly reduce carbon emissions and improve the level of renewable power consumption.
A Wasserstein‐distance‐based distributionally robust chance constrained bidding model for virtual power plant considering electricity‐carbon trading
Authors: Fan Qiang , Liu Dong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractVirtual power plant (VPP) can aggregate distributed energy resources (DER) and controllable loads to participate in the bidding of electricity market and carbon trading market. However, the uncertainty of renewable power production brings high transaction risks to VPP. Given this background, this paper proposes a novel Wasserstein‐distance based two‐stage distributionally robust chance constrained (DRCC) bidding model for VPP participating in the electricity‐carbon coupled market. The uncertainties are modelled as an ambiguity set based on Wasserstein distance, in which the two‐sided chance constraints are guaranteed satisfied. In the first stage, VPP's revenue is maximized according to the forecast information. In the second stage, the re‐dispatch measures are determined to hedge against the perturbation of uncertainties under the worst‐case distribution within the ambiguity set. Finally, a reformulation approach based on strong duality theory and conditional value‐at‐risk (CVaR) approximation is proposed to transform the DRCC problem into a tractable mixed‐integer linear programming (MILP) framework. Case studies are carried out on the IEEE 30‐bus system to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach.
GA-NIFS: Black hole and host galaxy properties of twoz≃ 6.8 quasars from the NIRSpec IFU
Authors: Marshall Madeline A. , Perna Michele , Willott Chris J. , Maiolino Roberto , Scholtz Jan , Übler Hannah , Carniani Stefano , Arribas Santiago , Lützgendorf Nora , Bunker Andrew J. , Charlot Stephane , Ferruit Pierre , Jakobsen Peter , Rix Hans-Walter , Rodríguez Del Pino Bruno , Böker Torsten , Cameron Alex J. , Cresci Giovanni , Curtis-Lake Emma , Jones Gareth C. , Kumari Nimisha , Pérez-González Pablo G. , Reed Sophie L. 
Published: September 2023

Aims.Integral field spectroscopy (IFS) with JWST NIRSpec will significantly improve our understanding of the first quasars, by providing spatially resolved, infrared spectroscopic capabilities that cover key rest-frame optical emission lines that have been previously unobservable.Methods.Here we present our results from the first twoz > 6 quasars observed as a part of the Galaxy Assembly with NIRSpec IFS (GA-NIFS) GTO programme, with DELS J0411–0907 atz = 6.82 and VDES J0020–3653 atz = 6.86.Results.By observing the Hβ, [O III]λλ4959, 5007, and Hαemission lines in these high-zquasars for the first time, we measured accurate black hole masses,MBH = 1.85−0.8+2 × 109 M⊙and 2.9−1.3+3.5 × 109M⊙, corresponding to Eddington ratios ofλEdd = 0.8−0.4+0.7and 0.4−0.2+0.3for DELS J0411–0907 and VDES J0020–3653, respectively. These provide a key comparison for existing estimates from the more uncertain Mg IIline. We performed quasar–host decomposition using models of the quasars’ broad lines to measure the underlying host galaxies. We also discovered multiple emission line regions surrounding each of the host galaxies, which are likely companion galaxies undergoing mergers with these hosts. We measured the star formation rates, excitation mechanisms, and dynamical masses of the hosts and companions, measuring theMBH/Mdynratios at highzusing these estimators for the first time. DELS J0411–0907 and VDES J0020–3653 both lie above the local black hole–host mass relation, and are consistent with the existing observations ofz ≳ 6 quasar host galaxies with ALMA. We detected ionised outflows in [O III]λλ4959, 5007 and Hβfrom both quasars, with mass outflow rates of 58−37+44and 525−92+75 M⊙yr−1for DELS J0411–0907 and VDES J0020–3653, much larger than their host star formation rates of < 33 and < 54 M⊙yr−1, respectively.Conclusions.This work highlights the exceptional capabilities of the JWST NIRSpec IFU for observing quasars in the early Universe.
Bildgebung bei rheumatoider Arthritis
Authors: Finzel Stephanie 
Published: September 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGRheumatoide Arthritis (RA) ist eine chronisch-entzündliche Autoimmunerkrankung, die unbehandelt zur Zerstörung der Gelenke und zu Funktionseinschränkungen führt. Eine frühzeitige Diagnose und engmaschige Überwachung der Krankheitsaktivität sind für eine wirksame Behandlung und Vorbeugung von Gelenkschäden von entscheidender Bedeutung. Im Laufe der Jahre haben Fortschritte in der medizinischen Bildgebung die Beurteilung und das Verständnis der RA-Pathophysiologie revolutioniert. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden verschiedene bildgebende Verfahren untersucht, die bei der Diagnose, Bewertung und Überwachung der rheumatoiden Arthritis zum Einsatz kommen. Ihre Stärken und Grenzen werden hervorgehoben und es wird auf zukünftige Entwicklungen eingegangen.
Cryopyrin-assoziierte periodische Syndrome
Authors: Satirer Özlem , Wasiliew Peter , Welzel Tatjana , Kümmerle-Deschner Jasmin 
Published: September 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Cryopyrin-assoziierten periodischen Syndrome (CAPS) umfassen ein klinisches Spektrum autoinflammatorischer Phänotypen unterschiedlicher Schweregrade. Hierzu zählen das familiäre autoinflammatorische Kälte-Syndrom (FCAS), das Muckle-Wells-Syndrom (MWS) und das chronisch infantile neurologische kutane und artikuläre Syndrom (CINCA), das auch als neonatale Multisystem-Entzündungserkrankung (NOMID) bekannt ist. Die Ursache für CAPS liegt meist in pathogenen NLRP3-Varianten, die zu erhöhter Aktivität des Inflammasoms, Überproduktion von Interleukin-1β und Entzündungen führen. Die Klinik umfasst erhöhte Entzündungsmarker, Müdigkeit, Fieber, Hautausschläge sowie Muskel-, Skelett- und ZNS-Symptome, Hörverlust und Sehstörungen. Die diagnostische Herausforderung liegt in sich überlappenden Phänotypen, somatischen Mutationen und Varianten mit geringer Ausprägung oder unklarer Bedeutung. Diagnose und Klassifikationskriterien unterstützen bei der Diagnosestellung und helfen bei der Definition von Studienkohorten. Für die wirksame Behandlung stehen biologische Therapien zur Verfügung, wovon Interleukin (IL)-1-Inhibitoren für die Behandlung zugelassen sind.
Die Fusarien-Keratitis auf dem Vormarsch – eine aktuelle klinische Übersicht
Authors: Khoramnia Ramin , Augustin Victor A. , Kovalchuk Bogdana , Auffarth Gerd U. 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Keratitis durch Fusarien stellt in Deutschland ein insgesamt seltenes, aber durch seinen raschen Krankheitsverlauf, die meist verspätete Diagnosestellung und die eingeschränkten konservativen Behandlungsoptionen mittels antimykotischer Therapie ein ernst zu nehmendes Krankheitsbild mit potenziell visusbedrohendem Verlauf dar. Durch die zunehmende Anwendung von Kontaktlinsen und möglicherweise durch die veränderten klimatischen Bedingungen ist ein weiterer Anstieg der Fallzahlen in Deutschland zu erwarten. Das rechtzeitige Erkennen und Einleiten der antimykotischen Therapie und bei ausbleibender Besserung die frühzeitige Durchführung einer notfallmäßigen Keratoplastik sind hierbei maßgeblich für den Therapieerfolg.