bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Researching models of innovation and adoption in health professions education
Authors: Pusic Martin Victor , Ellaway Rachel Helen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite the constant presence of change and innovation in health professions education (HPE), there has been relatively little theoretical modelling of such change, the experiences of change, the ideology associated with change or the unexpected consequences of change. In this paper, the authors explore theoretical approaches to the adoption of innovations in HPE as a way of mapping a broader theoretical landscape of change.MethodThe authors, HPE researchers with an interest in technology adoption and systemic change, present a narrative review of the literature based on a series of thought experiments regarding how communities and individuals respond to the introduction of new ideas or methods. This research investigates the stages of innovation adoption, from the emergence and hype around new ideas to the concrete experiences of early adopters.ResultsWhen an innovation first emerges, there is often little concrete information available to inform potential adopters, leaving it susceptible to hype, both positive and negative. This can be described using the Gartner Hype Cycle model, albeit with important caveats. Once the adoption of an innovation gets underway, early adopter user experiences can inform those that follow. This can be described using Rogers' diffusion of innovation model, again with caveats. Notably, neither model goes beyond the point of single point‐in‐time, yes/no, individual adoption. Other approaches, such as learning curve theory, are needed to track uptake and maintenance by individuals over time.SignificanceThis expanded theoretical base, while still somewhat instrumentalist, combined with complementary theoretical perspectives can afford opportunities to better explore reasons for variance, volunteerism and resistance to change. In summary, change is complicated and nuanced, and better models and theories are needed to understand and work meaningfully with change in HPE. To that end, the authors seek to encourage richer and more thoughtful research and scholarly thinking about change and a more nuanced approach to the pursuit of change in HPE as a whole.
A novel esophageal retractor with eccentric balloon during atrial fibrillation ablation
Authors: Dai Wen‐Li , Yao Ke‐Xin , Li Meng‐Meng , Li Song‐Nan , Sang Cai‐Hua , Jiang Chen‐Xi , Guo Xue‐Yuan , Li Xu , Feng Li , Jia Chang‐Qi , Ning Man , Dong Jian‐Zeng , Ma Chang‐Sheng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundDue to the anatomically adjacent relationship between the left atrium (LA) and esophagus, energy delivery on the posterior wall of LA is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a novel esophageal retractor (SAFER) with an inflatable C‐curve balloon during atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation.MethodNine patients underwent AF ablation assisted with the SAFER. After inflation, the esophagus was deviated laterally away from the intended ablation site of the posterior wall under local anesthesia. The extent of mechanical esophageal deviation (MED) was evaluated under fluoroscopy, defined as the shortest distance from the trailing esophageal edge to the closest point of the ablation line. Gastroscopy was performed before and after ablation. The target ablation index used in all LA sites including the posterior wall was 400–450 after effective MED. All adverse events during the periprocedural period were recorded.ResultsThe mean deviation distance achieved 16.2 ± 9.6 mm away from the closest ablation point of the pulmonary vein lesion set. With respect to the individual left and right pulmonary vein lesion sets, the deviation distance was 19.7 ± 11.5 and 12.7 ± 6.8 mm, respectively. The extent of deviation was 0 to 5 mm, 5.1 to 10 mm, or >10 mm in 0(0%), 7(38.9%), and 11(61.1%), respectively. Procedural success was achieved in all patients without acute reconnection. There was only one esophageal complication which manifested as esophageal erosion and this patient experienced throat pain possibly related to the SAFER retractor with no clinical sequelae.ConclusionEsophageal deviation with the novel eccentric balloon is a novel feasible choice during AF ablation, enabling adequate energy delivery to the posterior wall of LA. Additional prospective randomized controlled studies are required for further validation.
Test method for evaluating the photocytotoxic potential of fluorescence imaging products
Authors: Vig Shruti , Gaitan Brandon , Frankle Lucas , Chen Yu , Elespuru Rosalie , Pfefer T. Joshua , Huang Huang‐Chiao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractVarious fluorescence imaging agents are currently under clinical studies. Despite significant benefits, phototoxicity is a barrier to the clinical translation of fluorophores. Current regulatory guidelines on medication‐based phototoxicity focus on skin effects during sun exposure. However, with systemic and local administration of fluorophores and targeted illumination, there is now possibility of photochemical damage to deeper tissues during intraoperative imaging procedures. Hence, independent knowledge regarding phototoxicity is required to facilitate the development of fluorescence imaging products. Previously, we studied a cell‐free assay for initial screening of reactive molecular species generation from fluorophores. The current work addresses a safety test method based on cell viability as an adjunct and a comparator with the cell‐free assay. Our goal is to modify and implement an approach based on the in vitro 3T3 neutral red uptake assay of the Organization for Economic Co‐Operation and Development Test Guideline 432 (OECD TG432) to evaluate the photocytotoxicity of clinically relevant fluorophores. These included indocyanine green (ICG), proflavine, methylene blue (MB), and IRDye800, as well as control photosensitizers, benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) and rose bengal (RB). We performed measurements at agent concentrations and illumination parameters used for clinic imaging. Our results aligned with prior studies, indicating photocytotoxicity in RB and BPD and an absence of reactivity for ICG and IRDye800. DNA interactive agents, proflavine and MB, exhibited drug/light dose–response curves like photosensitizers. This study provides evidence and insights into practices useful for testing the photochemical safety of fluorescence imaging products.
To err is human‐ to understand error‐processing is divine: Contributions of working memory and anxiety to error‐related brain and pupil responses
Authors: LoTemplio Sara , Silcox Jack , Murdock Ryan , Strayer David L. , Payne Brennan R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBoth anxiety and working memory capacity appear to predict increased (more negative) error‐related negativity (ERN) amplitudes, despite being inversely related to one another. Until the interactive effects of these variables on the ERN are clarified, there may be challenges posed to our ability to use the ERN as an endophenotype for anxiety, as some have suggested. The compensatory error monitoring hypothesis suggests that high trait‐anxiety individuals have larger ERN amplitudes because they must employ extra, compensatory efforts to override the working memory demands of their anxiety. Yet, to our knowledge, no ERN study has employed direct manipulation of working memory demands in conjunction with direct manipulations of induced (state) anxiety. Furthermore, little is known about how these manipulations affect other measures of error processing, such as the error‐related pupil dilation response and post‐error behavioral adjustments. Therefore, we manipulate working memory load and anxiety in a 2 × 2 within‐subjects design to examine the interactive effects of working memory load and anxiety on ERN amplitude, error‐related pupil dilation response amplitude, and post‐error behavior. There were no effects of our manipulations on ERN amplitude, suggesting a strong interpretation of compensatory error‐processing theory. However, our worry manipulation affected post‐error behavior, such that worry caused a reduction in post‐error accuracy. Additionally, our working memory manipulation affected error‐related PDR magnitude and the amplitude of the error‐related positivity (Pe), such that increased working memory load decreased the amplitude of these responses. Implications of these results within the context of the compensatory error processing framework are discussed.
Do chairmen with China's Great Famine experience in early‐life affect firm tax avoidance activities?
Authors: Yang Siying , Feng Dawei , Xu Junbing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis article investigates whether and how chairmen with China's Great Famine experience affect firm tax avoidance activities. We find that the chairmen who experienced China's Great Famine in early‐life engage in fewer tax avoidance activities than other chairmen. This effect is stronger for firms in regions with a weak gambling culture and provinces with higher political uncertainty, nonstate‐owned firms, and chairmen with higher education. We show that a lower‐level risk appetite among chairmen is the primary mechanism driving lower tax avoidance in their firms. Our article provides new insights into the differences in tax avoidance between firms based on whether managers experienced the Great Famine.
Do NO, N2O, N2 and CO2 fluxes differ in soils sourced from cropland and varying riparian buffer vegetation? An incubation study
Authors: Dlamini J. C. , Tesfamariam E. H. , Verbeeck M. , Loick N. , Louro‐Lopez A. , Hawkins J. M. B. , Blackwell M. S. A. , Dunn R. M. , Collins A. L. , Cardenas L. M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRiparian buffers are expedient interventions for water quality functions in agricultural landscapes. However, the choice of vegetation and management affects soil microbial communities, which in turn affect nutrient cycling and the production and emission of gases such as nitric oxide (NO), nitrous oxide (N2O), nitrogen gas (N2) and carbon dioxide (CO2). To investigate the potential fluxes of the above‐mentioned gases, soil samples were collected from a cropland and downslope grass, willow and woodland riparian buffers from a replicated plot scale experimental facility. The soils were re‐packed into cores and to investigate their potential to produce the aforementioned gases via potential denitrification, a potassium nitrate (KNO3−) and glucose (labile carbon)‐containing amendment, was added prior to incubation in a specialized laboratory DENItrification System (DENIS). The resulting NO, N2O, N2 and CO2 emissions were measured simultaneously, with the most NO (2.9 ± 0.31 mg NO m−2) and N2O (1413.4 ± 448.3 mg N2O m−2) generated by the grass riparian buffer and the most N2 (698.1 ± 270.3 mg N2 m−2) and CO2 (27,558.3 ± 128.9 mg CO2 m−2) produced by the willow riparian buffer. Thus, the results show that grass riparian buffer soils have a greater NO3− removal capacity, evidenced by their large potential denitrification rates, while the willow riparian buffers may be an effective riparian buffer as its soils potentially promote complete denitrification to N2, especially in areas with similar conditions to the current study.
Effect of dipotassium‐ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or lithium‐heparin treatments and storage times on selected clinicopathologic analytes in equine synovial fluid
Authors: Okolo Chukwuemeka C. , Emejuo Nnenna T. , Udeagbala Ndidiamaka G. , Emeto Uzochukwu E. , Ezema Arinzechukwu S. , Omeje Okonkwo V. , Nweze Nwakaego E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundSample processing methods and storage time affect the outcome of biochemical analysis.ObjectivesWe aimed to assess the effects of dipotassium‐ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (K2‐EDTA) and lithium‐heparin treatments and storage times on selected analytes in equine synovial fluid (SF).MethodsApproximately 2 mL of SF from each horse (n = 7) were collected via femoropatellar joint arthrocentesis into K2‐EDTA‐treated bottles (K2‐EDTA group), lithium‐heparin‐treated bottles (heparin group), and plain bottles (control group). The pH was determined using an electronic bench pH meter. The total nucleated cell count (TNCC) of samples was determined by hemocytometer method, while total protein (TP) concentrations, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities of the samples were determined spectrophotometrically at 2, 8, 24, 48, and 168 hours postcollection while being maintained at approximately 4°C.ResultsTP concentrations in the anticoagulant‐treated groups remained stable for 48 hours. TNCCs were stable for 8 hours. However, after 2 hours, ALP, LDH, and pH varied significantly (P < 0.05). At 2  hours, mean ALP and LDH activities were significantly elevated in the lithium‐heparin treatment samples, while the activity of these analytes was similar in the K2‐EDTA and control groups. At 8  hours, the TNCC and pH were significantly elevated in K2‐EDTA treated groups, while values were similar in lithium‐heparin and control groups. No significant variation was seen in TP values at 2  hours, irrespective of treatment.ConclusionsThe analytes—except for TP—became unstable within a few hours postcollection. Lithium‐heparin and K2‐EDTA treatments significantly altered ALP, LDH, TNCCs, and pH but not the TP concentrations of equine SF. Studies establishing reference intervals for these analytes based on the anticoagulant used are warranted to limit misinterpretations in clinical or research settings.
Confirmed and presumed canine insulinomas and their presumed metastases are most conspicuous in the late arterial phase in a triple arterial phase CT protocol
Authors: Skarbek Adrianna , Fouriez‐Lablée Virginie , Dirrig Helen , Llabres‐Diaz Francisco 
Published: July 2023

AbstractArterial enhancement is the commonly described characteristic of canine insulinomas in contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CECT). However, this finding is also reported as inconsistent. The main aim of this single‐center retrospective observational study was to describe the contrast enhancement (CE) pattern of canine presumed and confirmed insulinomas and presumed metastases in three consecutive (early, mid, and late) arterial phases. Included dogs had a medical‐record‐based clinical or cytological/histopathological diagnosis of insulinoma and quadruple‐phase CECT. The arterial phases were identified according to published literature. The arterial enhancement of confirmed and presumed lesions was assessed using a visual grading score. Twelve dogs with a total of 17 pancreatic nodules were analyzed. Three dogs had multiple pancreatic nodules and nine had solitary findings. Four insulinomas were histopathologically confirmed. Late arterial phase (LAP) images demonstrated the largest number of pancreatic nodules reaching the highest enhancement scores (n = 13, 76%). All analyzed dogs had CT evidence of arterially enhancing nodules in the liver (n = 12), seven in the hepatic, splenic, or colic lymph nodes, and three in the spleen. Three out of five sampled livers and three lymph nodes were metastatic. All sampled spleens were benign. Avid arterial enhancement was the most dominant feature of canine presumed and confirmed insulinomas and presumed metastases in quadruple‐phase CECT. The highest enhancement scores were observed primarily in LAP, followed by MAP. Authors, therefore, recommend including LAP in the standard CT protocol for dogs with suspected pancreatic insulinomas.
Computed tomographic features of the normal spleen in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus)
Authors: Chernev Chavdar , Procter Tessa , Isaac Ingrid , Koterwas Bronwyn , Eatwell Kevin , Keeble Emma , Richardson Jenna , Schwarz Tobias 
Published: July 2023

AbstractComputed tomography is commonly utilized for investigation of rabbits, and more recently, for evaluating abdominal pathology. The spleen, however, is an often‐overlooked organ, with limited information published. The aims of this retrospective, observational, study were to document the visibility, size, and shape of the normal rabbit spleen and potential correlations with signalment. Institutional imaging archives were reviewed for diagnostic‐image‐quality abdominal CT studies of rabbits. In 115 cases, the inclusion criteria were met. Pre‐ and postcontrast CT studies were evaluated by two reviewers for visibility of the spleen. For precontrast CT images, the interrater agreement for identification of the spleen was fair. For postcontrast CT images, interrater agreement was moderate. There were significantly more spleens clearly identified on postcontrast studies compared with precontrast CT. Splenic location, volume, shape, X‐ray attenuation, and length were measured, and the splenic‐volume‐to‐body‐weight ratio was calculated. The mean splenic volume was 1 mL (range 0.2–3.9 mL), mean length 40 mm (range 20–61 mm), mean attenuation (precontrast CT 80 HU and postcontrast CT 320 HU), and mean splenic volume/body weight ratio was 0.5 mL/kg (range 0.17–1.2 mL/kg). There was a significant relationship between splenic volume and body weight, which was weakly positively correlated. There was no correlation between splenic volume, age, and sex. The most commonly identified splenic shapes were “banana”, “tongue”, and “elephant trunk”. The rabbit spleen can be identified on CT images, but more reliably on postcontrast CT images, which underlines the usefulness of contrast‐enhanced CT in this species.
Use of Generative Adversarial Network Algorithm in Super-Resolution Images to Increase the Quality of Digital Elevation Models Based on ALOS PALSAR Data
Authors: Moreira Leonardo Assumpção , Poelking Livia Moreira , Graça Alan Salomão , Araki Hideo 
Published: July 2023

Digital elevation models are responsible for providing altimetric information on a surface to be mapped. While global models of low and medium spatial resolution are available open source by several space agencies, the high- resolution ones, which are utilized in scales 1:25,000 and larger, are scarce and expensive. Here we address this limitation by the utilization of deep learning algorithms coupled with Single Image Super-Resolution techniques in digital elevation models to obtain better spatial quality versions from lower resolution inputs. The development of a GAN-based (Generative Adversarial Network-based) methodology enables the improvement of the initial spatial resolution of low-resolution images. In the geospatial data context, for example, these algorithms can be used with digital elevation models and satellite images. The methodological approach uses a dataset with digital elevation models SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) (30 meters of spatial resolution) and ALOS PALSAR (12.5 meters of spatial resolution), created with the objective of allowing the study to be carried out, promoting the emergence of new research groups in the area as well as enabling the comparison between the results obtained. It has been found that by increasing the number of iterations the performance of the generated model was improved and the quality of the generated image increased. Furthermore, the visual analysis of the generated image against the high- and low-resolution ones showed a great similarity between the first two.
Effect of Differently Shaped Solder Joints of Chip Resistor on Fatigue Life
Authors: Ha Jonghwan , Lai Yangyang , Yang Junbo , Yin Pengcheng , Park Seungbae 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
As surface mount components shrink in size, smaller apertures on stencils during solder paste printing can lead to uneven solder volume on a single resistor. This can result in the formation of irregular solder shapes, which are often deemed acceptable criterion depending on assembly house. However, such irregularities can potentially introduce variations in the fatigue life of the surface mount component. This study employs experimental and numerical approaches to investigate the reliability of differently shaped SAC305 solder joints on a single chip resistor. Four distinct solder shapes, concave, straight, tiny convex, and convex, are generated using varying volumes of solder paste controlled by uniquely designed apertures on a stencil. Eight pairs of differently shaped solder joints are assembled to hold a chip resistor in place. The test assembly involves R1005 and R0402 soldered with SAC305 and undergoes thermal shock cycling. As a single chip resistor assembly consists of two solder joints connecting termination and pads, the effect of solder volume difference between two solder joints are investigated. The fatigue life corresponds to decrease as the solder volume difference increase as 40%, 80%, and 120%. Conversely, total volume of two solder joints in a single chip resistor increases in scenarios with the same volume difference between two solder joints. Experimental data and finite element analysis lead to a new set of Darveaux's constants specific to this assembly. This study provides guideline to control the solder paste volumes in relation to fatigue life and enables numerical solution using a new Darveaux's constants.
Comparison of Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Slot Jet Reattachment Nozzle and a Conventional Slot Jet Nozzle
Authors: Narayanan V. , Seyed-Yagoobi J. , Page R. H. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A new type of nozzle, the Slot Jet Reattachment Nozzle (SJR), was designed and built with a zero degree exit angle. The heat transfer characteristics of the submerged SJR nozzle were compared to a conventional submerged slot jet nozzle. The comparisons were made under identical air flow power at each nozzle’s favorable height from the impinging surface. Infrared imaging techniques were used to obtain the temperature distributions on the impinging surface. The results indicate that comparable local heat transfer coefficients are obtained by the SJR nozzle while the exerted force on the impinging surface is significantly reduced. The peak local heat transfer coefficient for the SJR nozzle is approximately 8.4 percent higher than the peak local heat transfer coefficient for the slot jet nozzle under the same flow power. Additional experiments were conducted under matching local peak pressure for the SJR and slot jet nozzles. The results showed significant enhancements, of the order of 1.5 times, in the peak local heat transfer coefficient for the SJR nozzle over the slot jet nozzle.
Spray Cooling Heat-Transfer With Subcooled Trichlorotrifluoroethane (Freon-113) for Vertical Constant Heat Flux Surfaces
Authors: Kendall C. Matthew , Holman Jack P. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Experiments were conducted using subcooled trichlorotrifluoroethane (Freon-113) sprayed vertically downward through vertical constant heat flux surfaces. Both local and average heat-transfer behaviors were investigated for Freon-113 sprays with 40°C of subcooling, droplet sizes ranging from 200 μm to 1250 μm, and droplet breakup velocities ranging from 5 m/s to 29 m/s. Full-cone type nozzles were used to generate the spray. Test assemblies consisted of one to six 7.62 cm by 7.62 cm vertical constant heat flux surfaces which were parallel with respect to each other and aligned horizontally. The distance between the heated surfaces was varied from 6.35 mm to 76.2 mm. Steady state heat fluxes as high as 13 W/cm2 were achieved. A dependence on the surface distance from the axial centerline of the spray was found. For surfaces sufficiently removed from the centerline, the local and average heat-transfer behaviors were identical and correlated by a power relation of the form seen for normal-impact sprays which involves the Weber number, a nondimensionalized temperature difference, and a mass flux parameter. For surfaces closer to the centerline, the local heat-transfer was dependent on the vertical location on the surface while the average heat-transfer was described by a semi-log correlation involving the same parameters. The heat-transfer behavior was independent of the distance (gap) between the heated surfaces for the gaps investigated.