bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macadamia nut effects on cardiometabolic risk factors: a randomised trial
Authors: Jones Julie L. , Sabaté Joan , Heskey Celine , Oda Keiji , Miles Fayth , Rajaram Sujatha 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We sought to examine the effects of daily consumption of macadamia nuts on body weight and composition, plasma lipids and glycaemic parameters in a free-living environment in overweight and obese adults at elevated cardiometabolic risk. Utilising a randomised cross-over design, thirty-five adults with abdominal obesity consumed their usual diet plus macadamia nuts (~15 % of daily calories) for 8 weeks (intervention) and their usual diet without nuts for 8 weeks (control), with a 2-week washout. Body composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance; dietary intake was assessed with 24-h dietary recalls. Consumption of macadamia nuts led to increased total fat and MUFA intake while SFA intake was unaltered. With mixed model regression analysis, no significant changes in mean weight, BMI, waist circumference, percent body fat or glycaemic parameters, and non-significant reductions in plasma total cholesterol of 2⋅1 % (−4⋅3 mg/dl; 95 % CI −14⋅8, 6⋅1) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) of 4 % (−4⋅7 mg/dl; 95 % CI −14⋅3, 4⋅8) were observed. Cholesterol-lowering effects were modified by adiposity: greater lipid lowering occurred in those with overweight v. obesity, and in those with less than the median percent body fat. Daily consumption of macadamia nuts does not lead to gains in weight or body fat under free-living conditions in overweight or obese adults; non-significant cholesterol lowering occurred without altering saturated fat intake of similar magnitude to cholesterol lowering seen with other nuts.
Clinical Trial Registry Number and Website: NCT03801837 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03801837?term = macadamia + nut&draw = 2&rank = 1
Extra-territoriality and the UK Insolvency Act 1986
Authors: McCormack Gerard 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper considers whether UK corporate insolvency law and the UK Insolvency Act 1986 have extra-territorial effect post-Brexit, and whether – and to what extent – it is for the courts or the legislature to extend any extra-territorial effect. It does not deal with ‘inward recognition’, ie the recognition of foreign judgments and orders in the UK.Brexit has left something of a vacuum and provisions which might otherwise have applied extra-territorially, at least within the EU, may now have been deprived completely of extra-territorial effect. But all is not lost and Brexit here presents opportunities. There is room for clarifying that particular provisions which might otherwise have discriminated between EU application and application vis-à-vis the rest of the world can now be given a uniform global interpretation. Courts should, however, proceed incrementally in extending the extra-territorial scope of UK corporate insolvency law.A bolder reform would be to enact legislation that specifies the exact extent to which the UK Insolvency Act applies extra-territorially. Legislation obviously depends on parliamentary time and requires detailed drafting but also provides the opportunity for the UK to showcase that it remains at the forefront of international insolvency developments.
Heightened fearfulness in infants is not adaptive
Authors: Ogren Marissa , Barrett Lisa Feldman , Hoemann Katie , LoBue Vanessa 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Grossmann proposes the “fearful ape hypothesis,” suggesting that heightened fearfulness in early life is evolutionarily adaptive. We question this claim with evidence that (1) perceived fearfulness in children is associated with negative, not positive long-term outcomes; (2) caregivers are responsive to all affective behaviors, not just those perceived as fearful; and (3) caregiver responsiveness serves to reduce perceived fearfulness.
Hominin life history, pathological complexity, and the evolution of anxiety
Authors: Veit Walter , Browning Heather 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In order to address why the number of patients suffering from anxiety and depression are seemingly exploding in Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) countries, it is sensible to look at the evolution of human fearfulness responses. Here, we draw on Veit's pathological complexity framework to advance Grossmann's goal of re-characterizing human fearfulness as an adaptive trait.
When radical uncertainty is too much: Clinical aspects of Conviction Narrative Theory
Authors: Linkovski Omer , Eitan Renana 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We propose extrapolating Conviction Narrative Theory (CNT) to clinical psychology and psychiatry. We demonstrate how CNT principles may benefit assessment, therapy, and possibly even modify public health views of neuropsychiatric disorders. Our commentary focuses on hoarding disorder as a model, elaborates on discrepancies in the scientific literature and suggests how the CNT may resolve them.
The statistical mechanics of felt uncertainty under active inference
Authors: Solms Mark 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Convincing narratives are not confabulations. Presumably they “feel right” to decision-making agents because the probabilities they assign intuitively (i.e., implicitly) to potential outcomes are plausible. Can we render explicit the calculations that would be performed by a decision-making agent to evaluate the plausibility of competing narratives? And if we can, what, exactly, makes a narrative “feel right” to an agent?
Narratives, probabilities, and the currency of thought
Authors: Johnson Samuel G. B. , Bilovich Avri , Tuckett David 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Whereas most commentators agree about the centrality of narratives in decision-making, the commentaries revealed little consensus about the nature of radical uncertainty. Here we consider thirteen objections to our views, including our characterization of the uncertain decision environment and associated cognitive, affective, and social processes. We conclude that under radical uncertainty, narratives rather than probabilities are the currency of thought.
Loneliness is associated with mentalizing and emotion recognition abilities in schizophrenia, but only in a cluster of patients with social cognitive deficits
Authors: Okruszek Ł. , Jarkiewicz M. , Piejka A. , Chrustowicz M. , Krawczyk M. , Schudy A. , Harvey P. D. , Penn D. L. , Ludwig K. , Green M. F. , Pinkham A. E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjective:Loneliness is a concern for patients with schizophrenia. However, the correlates of loneliness in patients with schizophrenia are unclear; thus, the aim of the study is to investigate neuro- and social cognitive mechanisms associated with loneliness in individuals with schizophrenia.Method:Data from clinical, neurocognitive, and social cognitive assessments were pooled from two cross-national samples (Poland/USA) to examine potential predictors of loneliness in 147 patients with schizophrenia and 103 healthy controls overall. Furthermore, the relationship between social cognition and loneliness was explored in clusters of patients with schizophrenia differing in social cognitive capacity.Results:Patients reported higher levels of loneliness than healthy controls. Loneliness was linked to increased negative and affective symptoms in patients. A negative association between loneliness and mentalizing and emotion recognition abilities was found in the patients with social-cognitive impairments, but not in those who performed at normative levels.Conclusions:We have elucidated a novel mechanism which may explain previous inconsistent findings regarding the correlates of loneliness in individuals with schizophrenia.
The Weight of New York City: Possible Contributions to Subsidence From Anthropogenic Sources
Authors: Parsons Tom , Wu Pei‐Chin , (Matt) Wei Meng , D'Hondt Steven 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNew York City faces accelerating inundation risk from sea level rise, subsidence, and increasing storm intensity from natural and anthropogenic causes. Here we calculate a previously unquantified contribution to subsidence from the cumulative mass and downward pressure exerted by the built environment of the city. We enforce that load distribution in a multiphysics finite element model to calculate expected subsidence. Complex surface geology requires multiple rheological soil models to be applied; clay rich soils and artificial fill are calculated to have the highest post‐construction subsidence as compared with more elastic soils. Minimum and maximum calculated building subsidence ranges from 0 to 600 mm depending on soil/rock physical parameters and foundation modes. We compare modeled subsidence and surface geology to observed subsidence rates from satellite data (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar and Global Positioning System). The comparison is complicated because the urban load has accumulated across a much longer period than measured subsidence rates, and there are multiple causes of subsidence. Geodetic measurements show a mean subsidence rate of 1–2 mm/year across the city that is consistent with regional post‐glacial deformation, though we find some areas of significantly greater subsidence rates. Some of this deformation is consistent with internal consolidation of artificial fill and other soft sediment that may be exacerbated by recent building loads, though there are many possible causes. New York is emblematic of growing coastal cities all over the world that are observed to be subsiding (Wu et al., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL098477), meaning there is a shared global challenge of mitigation against a growing inundation hazard.
Oblique Blind Faulting Underneath the Luzon Volcanic Arc During the 2022 Mw 7.0 Abra Earthquake, the Philippines
Authors: Tang Chi‐Hsien , Hsu Ya‐Ju , Bacolcol Teresito , Lin Yunung Nina , Chen Horng‐Yue , Kuo Yu‐Ting , Su Hsuan‐Han , Lee Hsin‐Ming , Pelicano Alfie , Sapla Genesis , Yu Shui‐Beih 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUnknown seismogenic structures lurking beneath convergent margins introduce substantial uncertainty in seismic hazard assessments. In northwestern Luzon, the Mw 7.0 Abra earthquake on 27 July 2022 highlights the seismic activity along an unmapped blind fault underneath the Cordillera Central. By integrating coseismic displacements constrained by radar satellite imagery and Global Navigation Satellite System, we image oblique coseismic slip at 11–22 km depth with peak slip of ∼1 m beneath the Philippine Fault Zone in northern Luzon. The southward propagation of coseismic slip and aftershocks terminated at a distance of 50 km from the northern end of the 1990 Luzon earthquake rupture, leaving a seismicity gap in between. Coulomb stress changes of reaching 2 bars are imparted at the shallow portions of the Vigan‐Aggao and Abra River faults, where the updated 100‐year seismic potential is increased to Mw 7.0–7.7, given the thick seismogenic layer of ∼30 km in northern Luzon.
Numerical Investigation of the Influence of Hydrodynamic Dispersion on Solutal Natural Convection
Authors: Tsinober Avihai , Shavit Uri , Rosenzweig Ravid 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe investigate numerically the effect of hydrodynamic dispersion on convective dissolution of carbon dioxide in saline aquifers. Solutions of the transport equations were used to describe the dissolution process in the aquifer and provide a systematic parametric analysis of the influence of dispersion on two important measures of convective dissolution, the wavenumber, and dissolution flux. The results suggest that dispersion decreases the dissolution rate and reduces the finger wavenumber. Based on the simulated results, new empirical scaling laws that predict the dissolution rate and wavenumber were developed. The application of the new laws to two storage sites shows that the currently available predictions overestimate the dissolution rates by ∼30%. We have identified some discrepancies between published scaling laws that were obtained for the dissolution rate. While most numerical studies identify a linear scaling, experimental investigations often suggest a sublinear behavior. Our findings resolve the controversy by suggesting that dispersion, which was not considered in these past numerical studies, is the reason for the apparent sublinear scaling.
Nanomechanical hydrodynamic force sensing using suspended microfluidic channels
Authors: Martín-Pérez Alberto , Ramos Daniel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMicrofluidics has demonstrated high versatility in the analysis of in-flow particles and can even achieve mechanical properties measurements of biological cells by applying hydrodynamic forces. However, there is currently no available technique that enables the direct measurement and tracking of these hydrodynamic forces acting on a flowing particle. In this work, we introduce a novel method for the direct measurement of the hydrodynamic force actuating on an in-flow particle based on the analysis of the induced resonance changes of suspended microchannel resonators (SMRs). This hydrodynamic force sensitivity depends on the device used; therefore, we considered the geometry and materials to advance this dependency on the SMR resonance frequency.
Marine phytoplankton downregulate core photosynthesis and carbon storage genes upon rapid mixed layer shallowing
Authors: Diaz Ben P , Zelzion Ehud , Halsey Kimberly , Gaube Peter , Behrenfeld Michael , Bidle Kay D 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Marine phytoplankton are a diverse group of photoautotrophic organisms and key mediators in the global carbon cycle. Phytoplankton physiology and biomass accumulation are closely tied to mixed layer depth, but the intracellular metabolic pathways activated in response to changes in mixed layer depth remain less explored. Here, metatranscriptomics was used to characterize the phytoplankton community response to a mixed layer shallowing (from 233 to 5 m) over the course of two days during the late spring in the Northwest Atlantic. Most phytoplankton genera downregulated core photosynthesis, carbon storage, and carbon fixation genes as the system transitioned from a deep to a shallow mixed layer and shifted towards catabolism of stored carbon supportive of rapid cell growth. In contrast, phytoplankton genera exhibited divergent transcriptional patterns for photosystem light harvesting complex genes during this transition. Active virus infection, taken as the ratio of virus to host transcripts, increased in the Bacillariophyta (diatom) phylum and decreased in the Chlorophyta (green algae) phylum upon mixed layer shallowing. A conceptual model is proposed to provide ecophysiological context for our findings, in which integrated light limitation and lower division rates during transient deep mixing are hypothesized to disrupt resource-driven, oscillating transcript levels related to photosynthesis, carbon fixation, and carbon storage. Our findings highlight shared and unique transcriptional response strategies within phytoplankton communities acclimating to the dynamic light environment associated with transient deep mixing and shallowing events during the annual North Atlantic bloom.
Neutralization of excessive levels of active TGF-β1 reduces MSC recruitment and differentiation to mitigate peritendinous adhesion
Authors: Li YuSheng , Wang Xiao , Hu Bo , Sun Qi , Wan Mei , Carr Andrew , Liu Shen , Cao Xu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPeritendinous adhesion formation (PAF) can substantially limit the range of motion of digits. However, the origin of myofibroblasts in PAF tissues is still unclear. In this study, we found that the concentration of active TGF-β1 and the numbers of macrophages, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), and myofibroblasts in human and mouse adhesion tissues were increased. Furthermore, knockout of TGF-β1 in macrophages or TGF-β1R2 in MSCs inhibited PAF by reducing MSC and myofibroblast infiltration and collagen I and III deposition, respectively. Moreover, we found that MSCs differentiated into myofibroblasts to form adhesion tissues. Systemic injection of the TGF-β–neutralizing antibody 1D11 during the granulation formation stage of PAF significantly reduced the infiltration of MSCs and myofibroblasts and, subsequently, PAF. These results suggest that macrophage-derived TGF-β1 recruits MSCs to form myofibroblasts in peritendinous adhesions. An improved understanding of PAF mechanisms could help identify a potential therapeutic strategy.
Inositol pyrophosphates activate the vacuolar transport chaperone complex in yeast by disrupting a homotypic SPX domain interaction
Authors: Pipercevic Joka , Kohl Bastian , Gerasimaite Ruta , Comte-Miserez Véronique , Hostachy Sarah , Müntener Thomas , Agustoni Elia , Jessen Henning Jacob , Fiedler Dorothea , Mayer Andreas , Hiller Sebastian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMany proteins involved in eukaryotic phosphate homeostasis are regulated by SPX domains. In yeast, the vacuolar transporter chaperone (VTC) complex contains two such domains, but mechanistic details of its regulation are not well understood. Here, we show at the atomic level how inositol pyrophosphates interact with SPX domains of subunits Vtc2 and Vtc3 to control the activity of the VTC complex. Vtc2 inhibits the catalytically active VTC subunit Vtc4 by homotypic SPX–SPX interactions via the conserved helix α1 and the previously undescribed helix α7. Binding of inositol pyrophosphates to Vtc2 abrogates this interaction, thus activating the VTC complex. Accordingly, VTC activation is also achieved by site-specific point mutations that disrupt the SPX–SPX interface. Structural data suggest that ligand binding induces reorientation of helix α1 and exposes the modifiable helix α7, which might facilitate its post-translational modification in vivo. The variable composition of these regions within the SPX domain family might contribute to the diversified SPX functions in eukaryotic phosphate homeostasis.
Switching imidazole reactivity by dynamic control of tautomer state in an allosteric foldamer
Authors: Tilly David P. , Heeb Jean-Paul , Webb Simon J. , Clayden Jonathan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMolecular biology achieves control over complex reaction networks by means of molecular systems that translate a chemical input (such as ligand binding) into an orthogonal chemical output (such as acylation or phosphorylation). We present an artificial molecular translation device that converts a chemical input – the presence of chloride ions – into an unrelated chemical output: modulation of the reactivity of an imidazole moiety, both as a Brønsted base and as a nucleophile. The modulation of reactivity operates through the allosteric remote control of imidazole tautomer states. The reversible coordination of chloride to a urea binding site triggers a cascade of conformational changes in a chain of ethylene-bridged hydrogen-bonded ureas, switching the chain’s global polarity, that in turn modulates the tautomeric equilibrium of a distal imidazole, and hence its reactivity. Switching reactivities of active sites by dynamically controlling their tautomer states is an untapped strategy for building functional molecular devices with allosteric enzyme-like properties.
Tailoring vapor film beneath a Leidenfrost drop
Authors: Li An , Li Huizeng , Lyu Sijia , Zhao Zhipeng , Xue Luanluan , Li Zheng , Li Kaixuan , Li Mingzhu , Sun Chao , Song Yanlin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFor a drop on a very hot solid surface, a vapor film will form beneath the drop, which has been discovered by Leidenfrost in 1756. The vapor escaping from the Leidenfrost film causes uncontrollable flows, and actuates the drop to move around. Recently, although numerous strategies have been used to regulate the Leidenfrost vapor, the understanding of surface chemistry for modulating the phase-change vapor dynamics remains incomplete. Here, we report how to rectify vapor by “cutting” the Leidenfrost film using chemically heterogeneous surfaces. We demonstrate that the segmented film cut by a Z-shaped pattern can spin a drop, since the superhydrophilic region directly contacts the drop and vaporizes the water, while a vapor film is formed on the superhydrophobic surrounding to jet vapor and reduce heat transfer. Furthermore, we reveal the general principle between the pattern symmetry design and the drop dynamics. This finding provides new insights into the Leidenfrost dynamics modulation, and opens a promising avenue for vapor-driven miniature devices.
A sensory memory processing system with multi-wavelength synaptic-polychromatic light emission for multi-modal information recognition
Authors: Shan Liuting , Chen Qizhen , Yu Rengjian , Gao Changsong , Liu Lujian , Guo Tailiang , Chen Huipeng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRealizing multi-modal information recognition tasks which can process external information efficiently and comprehensively is an urgent requirement in the field of artificial intelligence. However, it remains a challenge to achieve simple structure and high-performance multi-modal recognition demonstrations owing to the complex execution module and separation of memory processing based on the traditional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) architecture. Here, we propose an efficient sensory memory processing system (SMPS), which can process sensory information and generate synapse-like and multi-wavelength light-emitting output, realizing diversified utilization of light in information processing and multi-modal information recognition. The SMPS exhibits strong robustness in information encoding/transmission and the capability of visible information display through the multi-level color responses, which can implement the multi-level pain warning process of organisms intuitively. Furthermore, different from the conventional multi-modal information processing system that requires independent and complex circuit modules, the proposed SMPS with unique optical multi-information parallel output can realize efficient multi-modal information recognition of dynamic step frequency and spatial positioning simultaneously with the accuracy of 99.5% and 98.2%, respectively. Therefore, the SMPS proposed in this work with simple component, flexible operation, strong robustness, and highly efficiency is promising for future sensory-neuromorphic photonic systems and interactive artificial intelligence.
Hepatic stellate cell stearoyl co-A desaturase activates leukotriene B4 receptor 2 - β-catenin cascade to promote liver tumorigenesis
Authors: Sinha Sonal , Aizawa Satoka , Nakano Yasuhiro , Rialdi Alexander , Choi Hye Yeon , Shrestha Rajan , Pan Stephanie Q. , Chen Yibu , Li Meng , Kapelanski-Lamoureux Audrey , Yochum Gregory , Sher Linda , Monga Satdarshan Paul , Lazaris Anthoula , Machida Keigo , Karin Michael , Guccione Ernesto , Tsukamoto Hidekazu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the 3rd most deadly malignancy. Activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSC) give rise to cancer-associated fibroblasts in HCC and are considered a potential therapeutic target. Here we report that selective ablation of stearoyl CoA desaturase-2 (Scd2) in aHSC globally suppresses nuclear CTNNB1 and YAP1 in tumors and tumor microenvironment and prevents liver tumorigenesis in male mice. Tumor suppression is associated with reduced leukotriene B4 receptor 2 (LTB4R2) and its high affinity oxylipin ligand, 12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid (12-HHTrE). Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of LTB4R2 recapitulates CTNNB1 and YAP1 inactivation and tumor suppression in culture and in vivo. Single cell RNA sequencing identifies a subset of tumor-associated aHSC expressing Cyp1b1 but no other 12-HHTrE biosynthetic genes. aHSC release 12-HHTrE in a manner dependent on SCD and CYP1B1 and their conditioned medium reproduces the LTB4R2-mediated tumor-promoting effects of 12-HHTrE in HCC cells. CYP1B1-expressing aHSC are detected in proximity of LTB4R2-positive HCC cells and the growth of patient HCC organoids is blunted by LTB4R2 antagonism or knockdown. Collectively, our findings suggest aHSC-initiated 12-HHTrE-LTB4R2-CTNNB1-YAP1 pathway as a potential HCC therapeutic target.