bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single‐Atom Catalysts and Dual‐Atom Catalysts for CO2 Electroreduction: Competition or Cooperation?
Authors: Shao Yueyue , Yuan Qunhui , Zhou Jia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDeveloping highly active and selective electrocatalysts for electrochemical reduction of CO2 can reduce environmental pollution and mitigation of greenhouse gas emission. Owing to maximal atomic utilization, the atomically dispersed catalysts are broadly adopted in CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). Dual‐atom catalysts (DACs), with more flexible active sites, distinct electronic structures, and synergetic interatomic interactions compared to single‐atom catalysts (SACs), may have great potential to enhance catalytic performance. Nevertheless, most of the existing electrocatalysts have low activity and selectivity due to their high energy barrier. Herein, 15 electrocatalysts are explored with noble metallic (Cu, Ag, and Au) active sites embedded in metal–organic hybrids (MOHs) for high‐performance CO2RR and studied the relationship between SACs and DACs by first‐principles calculation. The results indicated that the DACs have excellent electrocatalytic performance, and the moderate interaction between the single‐ and dual‐atomic center can improve catalytic activity in CO2RR. Four among the 15 catalysts, including (CuAu), (CuCu), Cu(CuCu), and Cu(CuAu) MOHs inherited a capability of suppressing the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction with favorable CO overpotential. This work not only reveals outstanding candidates for MOHs‐based dual‐atom CO2RR electrocatalysts but also provides new theoretical insights into rationally designing 2D metallic electrocatalysts.
Void Volume Fraction of Granular Scaffolds
Authors: Riley Lindsay , Wei Grace , Bao Yijun , Cheng Peter , Wilson Katrina L. , Liu Yining , Gong Yiyang , Segura Tatiana 
Published: June 2023

AbstractVoid volume fraction (VVF) is a global measurement frequently used to characterize the void space of granular scaffolds, yet there is no gold standard by which to measure VVF in practice. To study the relationship between VVF and particles of varying size, form, and composition, a library of 3D simulated scaffolds is used. Results reveal that relative to particle count, VVF is a less predictable metric across replicate scaffolds. Simulated scaffolds are used to explores the relationship between microscope magnification and VVF, and recommendations are offered for optimizing the accuracy of approximating VVF using 2D microscope images. Lastly, VVF of hydrogel granular scaffolds is measured while varying four input parameters: image quality, magnification, analysis software, and intensity threshold. Results show that VVF is highly sensitive to these parameters. Overall, random packing produces variation in VVF among granular scaffolds comprising the same particle populations. Furthermore, while VVF is used to compare the porosity of granular materials within a study, VVF is a less reliable metric across studies that use different input parameters. VVF, a global measurement, cannot describe the dimensions of porosity within granular scaffolds, and the work supports the notion that more descriptors are necessary to sufficiently characterize void space.
Design of High‐Capacity MoS3 Decorated Nitrogen Doped Carbon Coated Cu2S Electrode Structures with Dual Heterogenous Interfaces for Outstanding Sodium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Zhou Yanli , Li Qiming , Han Qi , Zhao Lanling , Liu Yan , Wang Yifei , Li Zhiqi , Dong Caifu , Sun Xueqin , Yang Jian , Zhang Xiaoyu , Jiang Fuyi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe hierarchical Cu2S@NC@MoS3 heterostructures have been firstly constructed by the high‐capacity MoS3 and high‐conductive N‐doped carbon to co‐decorate the Cu2S hollow nanospheres. During the heterostructure, the middle N‐doped carbon layer as the linker facilitates the uniform deposition of MoS3 and enhances the structural stability and electronic conductivity. The popular hollow/porous structures largely restrain the big volume changes of active materials. Due to the cooperative effect of three components, the new Cu2S@NC@MoS3 heterostructures with dual heterogenous interfaces and small voltage hysteresis for sodium ion storage display a high charge capacity (545 mAh g−1 for 200 cycles at 0.5 A g−1), excellent rate capability (424 mAh g−1 at 15 A g−1) and ultra‐long cyclic life (491 mAh g−1 for 2000 cycles at 3 A g−1). Except for the performance test, the reaction mechanism, kinetics analysis, and theoretical calculation have been performed to explain the reason of excellent electrochemical performance of Cu2S@NC@MoS3. The rich active sites and rapid Na+ diffusion kinetics of this ternary heterostructure is beneficial to the high efficient sodium storage. The assembled full cell matched with Na3V2(PO4)3@rGO cathode likewise displays remarkable electrochemical properties. The outstanding sodium storage performances of Cu2S@NC@MoS3 heterostructures indicate the potential applications in energy storage fields.
Schnellladedach Leipzig – Schwebendes Dach auf einer computergenerierten Endlosstütze
Authors: Eisenbach Philipp , Bollinger Klaus , Heimrath Moritz , Prengel Jon 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFür eine Schnellladestation am Produktionsstandort eines Sportwagenherstellers sollte eine Überdachung entwickelt werden, die neben der Funktion als Witterungsschutz das Image der Marke transportiert. Die bereits vorhandene technische Infrastruktur, also nicht überbaubare Starkstromtrassen sowie Bewegungs‐ und Wartungsräume der Ladesäulen, ließen nur wenige und v. a. unregelmäßige Auflagerpunkte und Stützenstellungen zu. Das Ergebnis des Entwurfsprozesses ist ein scheinbar schwebendes Dach, dessen Verkleidung einer Tragfläche nachempfunden ist, welche auf einer einzigen Endlosstütze aufgelagert wurde. Die Endlosstütze Spline, ikonografisch in Analogie einer zunächst einfach erscheinenden, aufgebogenen Büroklammer, gewährleistet durch die räumlichen Stützenstellungen und ‐neigungen sowohl die Einspannung des auskragenden Dachs als auch die globale Aussteifung. Unter Einsatz eines evolutionären Optimierungsalgorithmus wurde die Geometrie hinsichtlich größtmöglicher Effizienz unter Einhaltung der gegebenen geometrischen Restriktionen entwickelt. Innerhalb des parametrischen Strukturmodells erfolgte neben der Kontrolle und Analyse der statischen Performance auch die geometrische Durchbildung der gefrästen Kreisbögen an den Kopf‐ und Fußpunkten. Der gesamte Prozess von der Entwicklung und Variantenstudie über die Analyse und Dokumentation bis zur Fertigung fand somit in einer geschlossenen digitalen Prozesskette statt.
Prediction of the compressive strength of strain‐hardening cement‐based composites using soft computing models
Authors: Saleh Peshkawt Yaseen , Jaf Dilshad Kakasor Ismael , Abdalla Aso A. , Ahmed Hemn Unis , Faraj Rabar H. , Mahmood Wael , Mohammed Ahmed Salih 
Published: June 2023

AbstractStrain‐hardening cement‐based composites or engineered cementitious composites (ECC) is concrete produced using randomly distributed short polymer fibers. It is very ductile compared to conventional concrete. Compressive strength (CS) is a critical property used as a quality control tool to evaluate the strength of concrete implemented in the structural provisions and mix designs. Accordingly, to save cost and time for testing, it is essential to provide a predictive model to forecast the CS of the concrete mixtures using machine learning and modeling techniques. In this study, different modeling tools are used to propose analytical models to predict the CS of ECC mixtures, such as linear regression (LR), multi‐expression programming (MEP), artificial neural network (ANN), and Gaussian process regression (GPR). A total of 210 data were collected from the literature and used to train and test the developed model. The fly ash‐to‐cement ratio ranged from 0 to 5.6, water to binder ratio from 0.19 to 0.56, different superplasticizer and fiber content, and curing times of 1 to 180 days. Based on the evaluation of the developed models, the ANN model is superior to other developed models with a high coefficient of determination (R2), root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and scatter index (SI). The sensitivity analysis of the input parameters' effect on the CS prediction indicates that the curing time and the fly ash‐to‐cement ratio are essential in forecasting ECC's CS.
Fluorine‐Containing Functional Group‐Based Energetic Materials
Authors: Guo Zihao , Yu Qiong , Chen Yucong , Liu Jie , Li Tao , Peng Yuhuang , Yi Wenbin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMolecules featuring fluorine‐containing functional groups exhibit outstanding properties with high density, low sensitivity, excellent thermal stability, and good energetic performance due to the strong electron‐withdrawing ability and high density of fluorine. Hence, they play a pivotal role in the field of energetic materials. In light of current theoretical and experimental reports, this review systematically focuses on three types of energetic materials possessing fluorine‐containing functional groups F‐ and NF2‐ substituted trinitromethyl groups (C(NO2)2F, C(NO2)2NF2), trifluoromethyl group (CF3), and difluoroamino and pentafluorosulfone groups (NF2, SF5) and investigates the synthetic methods, physicochemical parameters, and energetic properties of each. The incorporation of fluorine‐containing functional moieties is critical for the development of novel high energy density materials, and is rapidly being adopted in the design of energetic materials.
Biohythane production from pineapple peel using Methanosarcina mazei enhanced with palm oil mill effluent (POME) sludge in single‐stage anaerobic digestion
Authors: Kopli Puteri Nur Syazwani Mohd , Hassim Mimi H. , Asli Umi Aisah , Wahab Firdaus Abdul 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBiohythane production via single‐stage anaerobic digestion (AD) is an effective way for sustainable energy recovery from lignocellulosic biomass. In this paper, biohythane was produced through the AD process from pineapple peel waste substrate using purely cultured Methanosarcina mazei with the enhancement of palm oil mill effluent (POME) sludge as the inoculum. This study focuses on the effects of the lignocellulosic pre‐treatment method, the addition of POME sludge into M. mazei culture medium as inoculum, and various operational conditions (food to microorganisms (F/M) ratios, temperature, pH) on gas production performances. The experimental results indicate that these parameters influenced the efficiency of biohythane production by producing the peak maximum biohythane production rate values (HPRmax) and (MPRmax), H2:CH4 = 1.93:0.67 L/L‐d, and biohythane yield (HY) and (MY), H2:CH4 = 1.18:0.55 mL/L‐substrate. This study demonstrates that biohythane gas (H2 + CH4 + CO2) production from pineapple waste can be accelerated by M. mazei only with the enhancement of POME sludge through single‐stage AD system under mesophilic batch process conditions.
Impact of choroid plexus size in prenatal diagnosis of normal and abnormal closure of fourth ventricle
Authors: Volpe P. , De Robertis V. , Fanelli T. , Volpe G. , Olivieri C. , Boito S. , Persico N. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess the role of the choroid plexus (CP) of the fourth ventricle (4V) in fetuses with an open 4V and a normal cerebellar vermis.MethodsTwo groups of patients were recruited in two fetal medicine referral centers. The prospectively collected control group included singleton pregnancies with a normal sonographic examination after first‐trimester combined screening for chromosomal abnormalities and normal outcome, recruited in the period between 2019 and 2022. The study group was selected retrospectively by searching our databases to identify all cases with an isolated open 4V and normal anatomy and size of the cerebellar vermis. The inclusion criteria of the study group were: (1) gestational age between 20 and 22 weeks; (2) a brainstem–vermis angle ≥ 18° in the midsagittal plane with an otherwise normal cerebellum and vermis; (3) 4V‐CP visible and seen separately from the vermis; (4) absence of other intra‐ and extracranial anomalies; and (5) available prenatal and/or postnatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data.ResultsIn 169 cases of the control group, the 4V‐CP was seen separately from the cerebellar vermis and was noticed to progressively fill the space caudal to the 4V, between the vermis and brainstem. From 12 to 22 weeks, the surface areas of the vermis and medial portion of the 4V‐CP increased progressively with advancing gestation (P < 0.0001). Intra‐ and interobserver correlation analysis showed good reproducibility for the measurements. Among the cases with an open 4V and a normal vermis, it was retrospectively feasible to visualize the 4V‐CP separately from the inferior part of the vermis in 41 fetuses. In five of these cases, the open 4V was due to a small CP. In all 41 fetuses, the diagnosis on MRI was isolated upward rotation of the cerebellar vermis, and no additional anomaly was found.ConclusionsClosure of the 4V is dependent on the 4V‐CP and not only the cerebellar vermis. In fact, a small CP may represent another cause of an open 4V. Therefore, separate visualization of the 4V‐CP and cerebellar vermis is crucial to improve discrimination between the different causes of an open 4V at the anomaly scan and its clinical implications. © 2023 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Clinical evaluation of neoadjuvant tyrosine kinase inhibitor administration for mast cell tumours in eight dogs
Authors: Kanai Eiichi , Sato Asaka , Yamauchi Akinori , Yoshida Hiromitsu , Takagi Satoshi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractComplete surgical removal of tumour cells is the first‐line treatment for canine cutaneous mast cell tumours. Surgical removal of mast cell tumours sometimes requires radical surgery. This may cause severe complications, loss of biological function or poor cosmetic outcomes. This report describes the clinical outcomes of preoperative administration of an effective tyrosine kinase inhibitor for mast cell tumours. Five of eight cases responded to tyrosine kinase inhibitors; complete removal was possible in three cases with narrower (<1 cm) surgical margins than the conventional tumour margin estimated from the original tumour size. Mast cell tumours may not require wide resection if they are responsive to tyrosine kinase inhibitors before surgical removal. Preoperative administration of tyrosine kinase inhibitors could be a treatment option for dogs that have difficulty with complete removal causing severe surgical complications, or for owners who do not accept loss of biological function or poor cosmetic outcomes.
„Data Richness“ als Merkmal erfolgreicher Schulen. Ein Systematisierungsversuch
Authors: Klein Esther Dominique , Hejtmanek Ruth Anna 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungIn der internationalen Schulentwicklungsforschung wurde „Data Richness“ als Merkmal erfolgreicher Schulen identifiziert. Anhand der Literatur zur datengestützten Schulentwicklung werden verschiedene Dimensionen von „Data Richness“ herausgearbeitet und anhand von Interviews mit Schulleiter*innen erfolgreicher Schulen empirisch geprüft. Das so entwickelte Analyseraster soll eine systematischere Analyse der komplexen Konfigurationen der Datennutzung in Schulentwicklungsprozessen ermöglichen.
Locally finite two-loop QCD amplitudes from IR universality for electroweak production
Authors: Anastasiou Charalampos , Sterman George 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We describe the implementation of infrared subtractions for two-loop QCD corrections to quark-antiquark annihilation to electroweak final states. The subtractions are given as form-factor integrands whose integrals are known. The resulting subtracted amplitudes are amenable to efficient numerical integration. Our procedure is based on the universality of infrared singularities and requires a relatively limited set of subtractions, whose number grows as the number of two-loop diagrams, rather than with the number of singular regions of integration.
The sub-leading scattering waveform from amplitudes
Authors: Herderschee Aidan , Roiban Radu , Teng Fei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We compute the next-to-leading order term in the scattering waveform of uncharged black holes in classical general relativity and of half-BPS black holes in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 8 supergravity. We propose criteria, generalizing explicit calculations at next-to-leading order, for determining the terms in amplitudes that contribute to local observables. For general relativity, we construct the relevant classical integrand through generalized unitarity in two distinct ways, (1) in a heavy-particle effective theory and (2) in general relativity minimally-coupled to scalar fields. With a suitable prescription for the matter propagator in the former, we find agreement between the two methods, thus demonstrating the absence of interference of quantum and classically-singular contributions. The classical $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 8 integrand for massive scalar fields is constructed through dimensional reduction of the known five-point one-loop integrand. Our calculation exhibits novel features compared to conservative calculations and inclusive observables, such as the appearance of master integrals with intersecting matter lines and the appearance of a classical infrared divergence whose absence from classical observables requires a suitable definition of the retarded time.
A study of integrable form factors in massless relativistic AdS2
Authors: Bielli Daniele , Gautam Vaibhav , Torrielli Alessandro 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper we initiate the study of form factors for the massless scattering of integrableAdS2superstrings, where the difference-form of theS-matrix can be exploited to implement the relativistic form factor bootstrap. The non-standard nature of theS-matrix implies that traditional methods do not apply. We use the fact that the masslessAdS2S-matrix is a limit of a better-behavedS-matrix found by Fendley. We show that the previously conjectured masslessAdS2dressing factor coincides with the limit of the De Martino-Moriconi improved dressing factor for the FendleyS-matrix. We then solve the form factor constraints in the two-particle case. Along the way we find a method to construct integral representations of relativistic dressing factors satisfying specific assumptions, and use it to obtain analytic proofs of crossing and unitarity relations.
The boundary phase transitions of the 2+1D ℤN topological order via topological Wick rotation
Authors: Lu Yalei , Yang Holiverse 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this work, we show that a critical point of a 1d self-dual boundary phase transition between two gapped boundaries of the ℤN topological order can be described by a mathematical structure called an enriched fusion category. The critical point of a boundary phase transition can be viewed as a gappable non-chiral gapless boundary of the ℤN topological order. A mathematical theory of the gapless boundaries of 2d topological orders developed by Kong and Zheng (arXiv:1905.04924 and arXiv:1912.01760) tells us that all macroscopic observables on the gapless boundary form an enriched unitary fusion category, which can be obtained by a holographic principle called the “topological Wick rotation.” Using this method, we obtain the enriched fusion category that describes a critical point of the phase transition between the e-condensed boundary and the m-condensed boundary of the ℤN topological order. To verify this idea, we also construct a lattice model to realize the critical point and recover the mathematical data of this enriched fusion category. The construction further shows that the categorical symmetry of the boundary is determined by the topological defects in the bulk, which indicates the holographic principle indirectly. This work shows, as a concrete example, that the mathematical theory of the gapless boundaries of 2+1D topological orders is a powerful tool to study general phase transitions.
On the Amplitude of Steady Water Waves with Favorable Constant Vorticity
Authors: Lokharu Evgeniy , Wahlén Erik , Weber Jörg 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFor two-dimensional steady pure-gravity water waves with a unidirectional flow of constant favorable vorticity, we prove an explicit bound on the amplitude of the wave, which decays to zero as the vorticity tends to infinity. Notably, our result holds true for arbitrary water waves, that is, we do not have to restrict ourselves to periodic or solitary or symmetric waves.
A state of the art on surface morphology of selective laser-melted metallic alloys
Authors: Kuntoğlu Mustafa , Salur Emin , Canli Eyüb , Aslan Abdullah , Gupta Munish Kumar , Waqar Saad , Krolczyk Grzegorz M. , Xu Jinyang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe possibility of producing complex metallic parts in various industries can be attributed to the selective laser melting (SLM) additive manufacturing method. As a powder bed fusion technique, SLM fabricates the product layer by layer. The state-of-the-art research on SLM, the metallic alloys utilized in the process, and the surface morphology of fabricated parts are discussed in this paper. The present report contributes to the literature by providing a comprehensive overview of the surface morphology of metallic alloys fabricated using the SLM additive manufacturing method. The article covers recent research on SLM, metallic alloys used in the process, and the surface morphology of fabricated parts. Insights into the challenges and opportunities of SLM for the fabrication of metallic parts with desired surface properties are provided. In the first part, parameters representing surface morphology are introduced and types of surface defects are viewed. Subsequently, influence of process variables during the production phase is discussed in-depth, overviewing several parameters such as laser, scanning, and geometric parameters. Surface morphology enhancement, namely in situ treatment, post-processing, and finishing-machining techniques, is viewed separately by classifying them into subtopics, in respect of their improvement effectiveness. Mechanical aspects of the microstructure and surface are evaluated in correlation with the surface morphology. The discussion of the findings considering the advantages and disadvantages of this technology is summarized finally. It is concluded that laser parameter effect’s significance depends on the work alloy. In the literature, process parameters are systematically studied, and better surface quality and favourable surface morphology of as build surfaces are possible. Moreover, it has been concluded that the surface morphology and quality of SLMed products can be improved with in situ techniques and post-treatments. Relieving residual stresses and decreasing porosity on the surface (various types of holes, pinholes, vacancies, etc.) during SLM operation are possible by base plate heating, powder preheating, and re-scanning. It is also noticed that the machinability studies of SLMed parts mainly focus on mechanical machining such as grinding and milling. Studies on the correlation between surface morphology of SLMed parts and mechanical properties are relatively scarce comparing to works on SLM production parameters. Finally, as an emerging technology for vast production of industrial items, it is concluded that surface morphology of SLMed products needs systematic correlation studies between process parameters and surface results.