bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weakening of the cognition and height association from 1957 to 2018: Findings from four British birth cohort studies
Authors: Bann David , Wright Liam , Davies Neil M , Moulton Vanessa 
Published: April 2023

Background:Taller individuals have been repeatedly found to have higher scores on cognitive assessments. Recent studies have suggested that this association can be explained by genetic factors, yet this does not preclude the influence of environmental or social factors that may change over time. We thus tested whether the association changed across time using data from four British birth cohorts (born in 1946, 1958, 1970, and 2001).Methods:In each cohort height was measured and cognition via verbal reasoning, vocabulary/comprehension, and mathematical tests; at ages 10/11 and 14/17 years (N=41,418). We examined associations between height and cognition at each age, separately in each cohort, and for each cognitive test administered. Linear and quantile regression models were used.Results:Taller participants had higher mean cognitive assessment scores in childhood and adolescence, yet the associations were weaker in later (1970 and 2001) cohorts. For example, the mean difference in height comparing the highest with lowest verbal cognition scores at 10/11 years was 0.57 SD (95% CI = 0.44–0.70) in the 1946 cohort, yet 0.30 SD (0.23–0.37) in the 2001 cohort. Expressed alternatively, there was a reduction in correlation from 0.17 (0.15–0.20) to 0.08 (0.06–0.10). This pattern of change in the association was observed across all ages and cognition measures used, was robust to adjustment for social class and parental height, and modeling of plausible missing-not-at-random scenarios. Quantile regression analyses suggested that these differences were driven by differences in the lower centiles of height, where environmental influence may be greatest.Conclusions:Associations between height and cognitive assessment scores in childhood-adolescence substantially weakened from 1957–2018. These results support the notion that environmental and social change can markedly weaken associations between cognition and other traits.Funding:DB is supported by the Economic and Social Research Council (grant number ES/M001660/1); DB and LW by the Medical Research Council (MR/V002147/1). The Medical Research Council (MRC) and the University of Bristol support the MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit [MC_UU_00011/1]. NMD is supported by an Norwegian Research Council Grant number 295989. VM is supported by the CLOSER Innovation Fund WP19 which is funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (award reference: ES/K000357/1) and Economic and Social Research Council (ES/M001660/1). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
The effect of weight loss following 18 months of lifestyle intervention on brain age assessed with resting-state functional connectivity
Authors: Levakov Gidon , Kaplan Alon , Yaskolka Meir Anat , Rinott Ehud , Tsaban Gal , Zelicha Hila , Blüher Matthias , Ceglarek Uta , Stumvoll Michael , Shelef Ilan , Avidan Galia , Shai Iris 
Published: April 2023

Background:Obesity negatively impacts multiple bodily systems, including the central nervous system. Retrospective studies that estimated chronological age from neuroimaging have found accelerated brain aging in obesity, but it is unclear how this estimation would be affected by weight loss following a lifestyle intervention.Methods:In a sub-study of 102 participants of the Dietary Intervention Randomized Controlled Trial Polyphenols Unprocessed Study (DIRECT-PLUS) trial, we tested the effect of weight loss following 18 months of lifestyle intervention on predicted brain age based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-assessed resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC). We further examined how dynamics in multiple health factors, including anthropometric measurements, blood biomarkers, and fat deposition, can account for changes in brain age.Results:To establish our method, we first demonstrated that our model could successfully predict chronological age from RSFC in three cohorts (n=291;358;102). We then found that among the DIRECT-PLUS participants, 1% of body weight loss resulted in an 8.9 months’ attenuation of brain age. Attenuation of brain age was significantly associated with improved liver biomarkers, decreased liver fat, and visceral and deep subcutaneous adipose tissues after 18 months of intervention. Finally, we showed that lower consumption of processed food, sweets and beverages were associated with attenuated brain age.Conclusions:Successful weight loss following lifestyle intervention might have a beneficial effect on the trajectory of brain aging.Funding:The German Research Foundation (DFG), German Research Foundation - project number 209933838 - SFB 1052; B11, Israel Ministry of Health grant 87472511 (to I Shai); Israel Ministry of Science and Technology grant 3-13604 (to I Shai); and the California Walnuts Commission 09933838 SFB 105 (to I Shai).
Green Synthesis and Characterization of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using Tecoma Stans
Authors: Rangasamy Manivannan , Gopal Suresh Kumar , Indhumathi A. , Loganathan S. , Manikandan S. , Naresh R. 
Published: April 2023

Aims: An eco-friendly approach utilizing biologically-mediated processes has been developed for the fabrication of CuO nanoparticles using Tecoma stans leaves.
Methodology: The synthesis of CuO nanoparticles was carried out using an environmentally friendly method, which involved the use of an aqueous solution of copper (II) sulfate and a leaf extract derived from Tecoma stans. The synthesized CuO nanoparticles were characterized using various instruments, including a UV-visible spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray Diffraction Spectrometer, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.
Results: The UV-Vis spectrum showed a characteristic absorption peak of CuO nanoparticles at 296 nm. The green-synthesized CuO nanoparticles were characterized using SEM, which revealed their morphological and structural characteristics and showed a mean particle size ranging from 20 nm to 200 nm. The FTIR spectrum, ranging from 584.63 cm-1 to 3430.41 cm-1, indicated the presence of various functional groups. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of monoclinic CuO with a crystalline nature, and an average particle size of 27.67 Å.
Conclusion: The present study reports the development of a simple, low-cost, and biologically-mediated method for synthesizing CuO nanoparticles using an extract obtained from Tecoma stans leaves. The effectiveness of these nanoparticles can be evaluated through various biological activities, including antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic assays.
Ungulate occurrence in forest harvest blocks is influenced by forage availability, surrounding habitat and silviculture practices
Authors: McKay Tracy , Finnegan Laura 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Forest harvesting causes habitat loss and alteration and can change predator–prey dynamics. In Canada, forest harvesting has shifted the distribution and abundance of ungulates (deer, elk and moose) that prefer early seral forest, resulting in unsustainable caribou predation by shared predators (bears, cougars and wolves). Long‐term solutions for caribou recovery require management to reduce ungulate prey species within caribou ranges. Silviculture practices applied after forest harvesting directly affect the amount of forage available in harvested areas, and therefore influence ungulate distribution, but few studies have completed detailed assessments on how specific treatments of site preparation, planting and stand tending influence ungulate use of harvest blocks.

We used camera traps, silviculture data, GIS‐derived habitat and disturbance data, and detailed vegetation data collected at field sites to investigate ungulate occurrence in harvest blocks in west‐central Alberta, Canada. We compared seasonal ungulate occurrence and investigated how site‐specific characteristics, the surrounding habitat and disturbance density, and fine‐scale silviculture treatments influenced ungulate occurrence in blocks.

Deer, elk and moose occurrence was higher in summer compared to winter. Elk, moose and white‐tailed deer occurrence was higher in blocks with greater availability of specific forage species. Moose occurrence was higher in blocks with a lower road density in the surrounding area, and white‐tailed deer occurrence was higher in blocks further from seismic lines and with a lower proportion of harvest blocks in the surrounding area.

Deer, elk and moose occurrence was higher in younger harvest blocks. Mule deer and white‐tailed deer occurrence was lower in blocks with higher planting densities of lodgepole pine, and mule deer occurrence was also lower in blocks that had been stand tended.

Our study provides detailed information on ungulate response to fine‐scale silviculture methods used in Alberta, directly linking wildlife occurrence to forestry practices, and providing practical scientific information to inform sustainable forestry. Translating this research into practical landscape management decisions could benefit boreal biodiversity, including threatened species like caribou, and culturally and economically important species like deer, elk and moose.
Highly Efficient Quasi 2D Blue Perovskite Electroluminescence Leveraging a Dual Ligand Composition
Authors: Alahbakhshi Masoud , Mishra Aditya , Verkhogliadov Grigorii , Turner Emigdio E. , Haroldson Ross , Adams Austen C. , Gu Qing , Rack Jeffrey J. , Slinker Jason D. , Zakhidov Anvar A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPerovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are advancing because of their superior external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) and color purity. Still, additional work is needed for blue PeLEDs to achieve the same benchmarks as the other visible colors. This study demonstrates an extremely efficient blue PeLED with a 488 nm peak emission, a maximum luminance of 8600 cd m−2, and a maximum EQE of 12.2% by incorporating the double‐sided ethane‐1,2‐diammonium bromide (EDBr2) ligand salt along with the long‐chain ligand methylphenylammonium chloride (MeCl). The EDBr2 successfully improves the interaction between 2D perovskite layers by reducing the weak van der Waals interaction and creating a Dion–Jacobson (DJ) structure. Whereas the pristine sample (without EDBr2) is inhibited by small stacking number (n) 2D phases with nonradiative recombination regions that diminish the PeLED performance, adding EDBr2 successfully enables better energy transfer from small n phases to larger n phases. As evidenced by photoluminescence (PL), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) characterization, EDBr2 improves the morphology by reduction of pinholes and passivation of defects, subsequently improving the efficiencies and operational lifetimes of quasi‐2D blue PeLEDs.
PVA/PA/H3PO4 Hydrogel Films with Ultrawide Pressure and Strain Sensing Range via Facile Fabrication Method
Authors: Lu Xinyu , Zeng Yu , Yang Youpeng , Yang Xiaojing , Wei Erjiong , Cui Chenkai , Xie Jiegao , Qin Yafei , Qian Zhengfang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHydrogel, as a sensitive element of flexible sensor, can change its resistance or capacitance according to mechanical deformation and provide critical service for the Internet of Things (IOT). However, it is a challenge to fabricate a hydrogel that simultaneously possesses excellent mechanical properties and great conductivity via low‐cost and simple method. Herein, one‐pot and solution‐casting methods were adopted to fabricate hydrogel film efficiently. Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) plays the role of both proton source and plasticizer can that improves the conductivity and flexibility of hydrogel. Phytic acid(PA) with abundant hydroxyl groups can form physical crosslink with PVA(polyvinyl alcohol) chain via hydrogen bond, thus increasing rigidity. H3PO4 and PA are used for reinforcing the conductivity and mechanical properties of PVA hydrogel by exploring the best mass fraction. This hydrogel, i.e., PVA/PA/H3PO4, possesses 3500% elongation, 2500% effective sensing range, great conductivity of 4.2467 S m−1, fast response/release time(65ms/91ms), outstanding durability (10,000s) for strain sensor and great detection limit of 1250 kPa and 3.85 kPa−1 sensitivity for pressure sensor. The great performance proves that hydrogel is capable for practice applications such as identifying pressure distribution and monitoring human activity situation. This method provides a new idea for the low‐cost and large‐scale fabrication of flexible sensors.
Solid‐State Synthesis and Characterization of Mg‐Substituted P2‐Na0.70Ni0.45Mn0.55O2 Cathode Materials for Practical Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Majumder Sourav , Narasimman Rajaram , Dhuruvan Sanjeevi , Varatharajan Prabhu , Raj Murugan Arjun , Sarojiniamma Sujatha , Sinthai Appusamy Ilangovan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSodium ion batteries are considered as a potential alternative to existing Li‐ion batteries. Layered transition metal oxides are found to be suitable cathode candidates for Na‐ion batteries. In this study, solid state synthesis of P2‐Na0.7Ni0.45Mn0.55O2 with different Mg substitutions is reported. The synthesized materials are characterized thoroughly using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP‐AES), and x‐ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. SEM analysis reveals the morphology of synthesized materials to layered structure with a particle size in the range of 5–50 µm. Powder XRD shows all synthesized materials of P2 structure irrespective of Mg substitution. A spurious P3 phase is observed in 0% and 5% of Mg substituted samples which are absent in 10% and 15% of Mg substituted materials. Electrochemical performance analysis shows specific capacity reduces with Mg substitution whereas mid‐voltage reaches maximum up to 3.5 V with 10% substitution. 10% Mg substituted NMO shows a specific capacity 105 mA h g−1 in the voltage ranges of 2–4.3 V versus Na/Na+ with excellent cycling stability and rate capability.
Bis(stearoyl) Sulfide: A Stable, Odor‐Free Sulfur Precursor for High‐Efficiency Metal Sulfide Quantum Dot Photovoltaics
Authors: Albaladejo‐Siguan Miguel , Prudnikau Anatol , Senina Alina , Baird Elizabeth C. , Hofstetter Yvonne J. , Brunner Julius , Shi Juanzi , Vaynzof Yana , Paulus Fabian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe synthesis of metal sulfide nanocrystals is a crucial step in the fabrication of quantum dot (QD) photovoltaics. Control over the QD size during synthesis allows for precise tuning of their optical and electronic properties, making them an appealing choice for electronic applications. This flexibility has led to the implementation of QDs in both highly‐efficient single junction solar cells and other optoelectronic devices including photodetectors and transistors. Most commonly, metal sulfide QDs are synthesized using the hot‐injection method utilizing a toxic, and air‐ and moisture‐sensitive sulfur source: bis(trimethylsilyl) sulfide ((TMS)2S). Here, bis(stearoyl) sulfide (St2S) is presented as a new type of air‐stable sulfur precursor for the synthesis of sulfide‐based QDs, which yields uniform, pure, and stable nanocrystals. Photovoltaic devices based on these QDs are equally efficient as those fabricated by (TMS)2S but exhibit enhanced operational stability. These results highlight that St2S can be widely adopted for the synthesis of metal sulfide QDs for a range of optoelectronic applications.
First insights into human mobility in Neolithic Belgium using strontium isotopic analysis and proteomics: A case study of Grotte de La Faucille (Sclayn, province of Namur)
Authors: van Hattum IJk , Costas‐Rodríguez Marta , Hobin Kasper , Vanhaecke Frank , Vandendriessche Hans , Collet Hélène , Cattelain Pierre , Toussaint Michel , Goffette Quentin , Dhaenens Maarten , Palmer Jessica L. A. , Daled Simon , Crombé Philippe , De Groote Isabelle 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesSo far, no87Sr/86Sr mobility studies have been done for Neolithic remains from Belgium and information on the Sr isotopic variability in the region is scarce. This study aims to explore mobility in a Final Neolithic population from the funerary cave ‘Grotte de La Faucille’, contribute to the understanding of the isotopic composition of bioavailable Sr in Belgium, assess evidence for male mobility using proteomic analysis, and explore possible places of origin for nonlocal individuals.Materials and MethodsThe87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio of dental enamel from six adults and six juveniles was determined. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry‐based protein analysis was employed to identify individuals of male biological sex.87Sr/86Sr of micromammal teeth, snail shells, and modern plants from three geological areas in Belgium were measured to establish isotopic signatures for bioavailable strontium. Nonlocality was assessed by comparing human87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios to the87Sr/86Sr range for bioavailable Sr.ResultsFour individuals yielded87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios consistent with a nonlocal origin. No statistical differences were found between adults and juveniles. Three males were detected in the sample set, of which two show nonlocal87Sr/86Sr values.DiscussionThis study provides evidence for mobility in Final Neolithic Belgium. The four nonlocal87Sr/86Sr signatures correspond with the87Sr/86Sr of bio‐available Sr in Dutch South Limburg, the Black Forest in Southwest Germany, and regions of France, such as parts of the Paris Basin and the Vosges. The results support the ruling hypothesis of connections with Northern France, brought to light by archeological research.
Basal forebrain atrophy along the Alzheimer's disease continuum in adults with Down syndrome
Authors: Rozalem Aranha Mateus , Iulita Maria Florencia , Montal Victor , Pegueroles Jordi , Bejanin Alexandre , Vaqué‐Alcázar Lídia , Grothe Michel J. , Carmona‐Iragui Maria , Videla Laura , Benejam Bessy , Arranz Javier , Padilla Concepción , Valldeneu Sílvia , Barroeta Isabel , Altuna Miren , Fernández Susana , Ribas Laia , Valle‐Tamayo Natalia , Alcolea Daniel , González‐Ortiz Sofía , Bargalló Núria , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Blesa Rafael , Wisniewski Thomas , Busciglio Jorge , Cuello A. Claudio , Lleó Alberto , Fortea Juan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundBasal forebrain (BF) degeneration occurs in Down syndrome (DS)‐associated Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the dynamics of BF atrophy with age and disease progression, its impact on cognition, and its relationship with AD biomarkers have not been studied in DS.MethodsWe included 234 adults with DS (150 asymptomatic, 38 prodromal AD, and 46 AD dementia) and 147 euploid controls. BF volumes were extracted from T‐weighted magnetic resonance images using a stereotactic atlas in SPM12. We assessed BF volume changes with age and along the clinical AD continuum and their relationship to cognitive performance, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration biomarkers, and hippocampal volume.ResultsIn DS, BF volumes decreased with age and along the clinical AD continuum and significantly correlated with amyloid, tau, and neurofilament light chain changes in CSF and plasma, hippocampal volume, and cognitive performance.DiscussionBF atrophy is a potentially valuable neuroimaging biomarker of AD‐related cholinergic neurodegeneration in DS.
Crystallinity Regulation and Defects Passivation for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells Using Fully Conjugated Porous Aromatic Frameworks
Authors: Jing Yege , Wang Chen , Chen Yi , Liu Lin , Yin Liying , Cui Fengchao , Zhang Ning , Wen Shanpeng , Zhu Guangshan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFully conjugated porous aromatic frameworks (PAFs) have been constructed through Gilch reaction. The obtained PAFs have rigid conjugated backbones, high specific surface area, and excellent stability. The prepared PAF‐154 and PAF‐155 have been successfully applied in the perovskite solar cells (PSCs) by doping into the perovskite layer. The champion PSC devices afford a power conversion efficiency of 22.8 % and 22.4 %. It is found that the PAFs can be used as an efficient nucleation template, thus regulating the perovskite crystallinity. Meanwhile, PAFs can also passivate defects and promote carriers transporting in the perovskite film. By the comparative study with their linear counterpart, we unravel that the efficacy of PAFs is highly related to their porous structure and rigid fully conjugated networks. The unencapsulated devices with PAFs doping exhibit outstanding long‐term stability, retaining 80 % of their initial efficiencies after half‐year storage in ambient conditions.
Layered Monophosphate Tungsten Bronzes [Ba(PO4)2]WmO3m−3: 2D Metals with Locked Charge‐Density‐Wave Instabilities
Authors: Nimoh Hicham , Arévalo‐López Angel Moisés , Huvé Marielle , Minaud Claire , Cano Andrés , Glaum Robert , Mentré Olivier 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPhosphate tungsten and molybenum bronzes represent an outstanding class of materials displaying textbook examples of charge‐density‐wave (CDW) physics among other fundamental properties. Here we report on the existence of a novel structural branch with the general formula [Ba(PO4)2][WmO3m−3] (m=3, 4 and 5) denominated ′layered monophosphate tungsten bronzes′ (L‐MPTB). It results from thick [Ba(PO4)2]4− spacer layers disrupting the cationic metal‐oxide 2D units and enforcing an overall trigonal structure. Their symmetries are preserved down to 1.8 K and the compounds show metallic behaviour with no clear anomaly as a function of temperature. However, their electronic structure displays the characteristic Fermi surface of previous bronzes derived from 5d W states with hidden nesting properties. By analogy with previous bronzes, such a Fermi surface should result into CDW order. Evidence of CDW order was only indirectly observed in the low‐temperature specific heat, giving an exotic context at the crossover between stable 2D metals and CDW order.
Peroxygenase‐Catalysed Selective Oxidation of Silanes to Silanols
Authors: Xu Xiaomin , van Hengst Jacob M. A. , Mao Yejia , Martinez Mireia , Roda Sergi , Floor Martin , Guallar Victor , Paul Caroline E. , Alcalde Miguel , Hollmann Frank 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA peroxygenase‐catalysed hydroxylation of organosilanes is reported. The recombinant peroxygenase from Agrocybe aegerita (AaeUPO) enabled efficient conversion of a broad range of silane starting materials in attractive productivities (up to 300 mM h−1), catalyst performance (up to 84 s−1 and more than 120 000 catalytic turnovers). Molecular modelling of the enzyme‐substrate interaction puts a basis for the mechanistic understanding of AaeUPO selectivity.