bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards Efficient Dynamic Binary Translation Optimizations Based on RISC Architectural Features
Authors: Xie WenBing , Tang DaGuo , Qi FengBin , Chai ZhiLei , Luo QiaoLing , Lin Yuan 
Published: September 2023

Dynamic binary translation (DBT) is a core technology that enables the migration of legacy software to different instruction set architectures while maintaining the original semantics. However, the development and maintenance of an efficient cross-DBT system are challenging. Key challenges include memory access overhead, inefficient instruction simulation, and frequent context switches. In this paper, we propose three novel optimization techniques. First, we formalize a register mapping cost model and investigate a hierarchical register mapping approach to bridge the memory access overhead. Second, we accelerate floating point (FP) emulation by surrounding the use of hardware FP unit with high-efficiency non-FP code. Third, we present a function inlining approach to alleviating the overhead associated with indirect control lookup. On the system side, we implement our approach on ARM64 and SW64 architectures based on QEMU and extensively evaluate the effectiveness with the SPEC2006 benchmark suite. The experimental results show that an average of 1.28× performance speedup and 13.41% code size reduction can be achieved on SW64. Similarly, on ARM64, we achieve an average of 1.15× performance speedup and 11.48% code size reduction.
The Art of Scientific Observation: an art-science project on the legacy of Barbara McClintock
Authors: Ziegler Ella , Lehmann Johannes 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We explore a facet of the scientific method of the Nobel Laureate Barbara McClintock through an artistic process. McClintock’s key scientific insights that she coined the ‘breakage-fusion-bridge cycle’, rest on her observation of maize kernel colors and forms together with the spatial arrangement of chromosomes. These intriguing studies motivated the art project ‘break-fusion-bridge-cycle’ to highlight the role of visual observation in discovery. Four different posters bear irregular diamond shapes with forms reminiscent of X-chromosome shapes and color patterns of the kernels McClintock studied and are inscribed with the words break, fusion, bridge, and cycle using a font type inspired by her drawings of chromosomes. As freely available posters, anyone can experiment with the spatial arrangement of shapes and colors, to reflect on one’s own ability to observe, to make connections and create new insights.
Revision of the genus Metoncholaimus (Nematoda: Enoplida) with description of new species from the South China Sea
Authors: Zograf Julia K. , Efimova Kseniya V. , Trebukhova Yulia A. , Pavlyuk Olga N. 
Published: September 2023

Summary
The family Oncholaimidae comprises ca 350 species of widespread nematodes. They are common in the seas and oceans and are also found in freshwater lakes and rivers. Here we provide the first description of Metoncholaimus species from the South China Sea. Metoncholaimus placatus sp. n. is characterised by the spicules 2.2-2.8 anal body diam. long, gubernaculum small, nearly parallel to the spicules, S-curved. Supplementary organ is composed of transversely elongated prominence with two sensillar structures (receptors). A pictorial key to the species level of Metoncholaimus species is provided. In this study, the D2-D3 domain of the LSU rDNA and the nearly full-length SSU rDNA were selected as targets for species identification. Phylogenetic relationships within the family Oncholaimidae remained unresolved despite of the various sequences analysed in different loci.
Frequent native language use supports phonemic and semantic verbal fluency in L1 and L2: An extended analysis of verbal fluency task performance in an L1 language attrition population
Authors: Lehtinen Nana , Kautto Anna , Renvall Kati 
Published: September 2023

Purpose: Verbal fluency (VF) tasks are an efficient tool for exploring lexical retrieval. Attriters generally produce fewer words in semantic categories than monolinguals, but the processes underlying attriters’ lexical retrieval remain unclear. Phonemic tasks are scarcely applied in language attrition studies. We aim to identify processes underlying attriters’ phonemic verbal fluency (PVF) and semantic verbal fluency (SVF) performance by extending the analysis beyond total scores in the first (L1) and second (L2) language. Design: We modeled total scores and temporal aspects of task performance in L1 and L2 for the attriters, with L1 use and length of residence (LoR) as predictors. We analyzed the number and types of errors between languages and compared L1 task performance with a matched monolingual group. Data and analysis: Attriters’ ( N = 38) phonemic and semantic task performance in L1 (Finnish) and L2 (English) were modeled, and results were contrasted to a matched monolingual control group ( N = 50). Findings: Attriters demonstrated strong proficiency in L1 and similar lexical retrieval processes in L1 and L2 after 20 years of immersive L2 exposure. Frequent L1 use supported overall performance but slowed performance down in both languages. Compared with monolinguals, attriters show a disadvantage in SVF, but not due to slower initiation. Instead, attriters rely more on rapid L1 retrieval than monolinguals. Originality: Prior research on VF tasks in language attrition populations has mainly focused on SVF total scores in L1. Our investigation explores underlying mechanisms of L1 and L2 task performance in PVF and SVF within a language attrition population and contrasts L1 performance to a matched monolingual group performance. Implications: This study demonstrates the importance of investigating L2 alongside L1 in language attrition studies for a holistic approach to language processing strategies. Our findings enhance understanding of the processes underlying VF task performance, emphasizing the significance of VF task early-stage performance.
External validation of the first prognostic nomogram for older adults with cancer
Authors: Tay Yu Ling , Ong Whee Sze , Liew Sherilyn Zi Hui , Chowdhury Anupama Roy , Chan Johan , Ramalingam Mothi Babu , Rajasekaran Tanujaa , Tan Tira J. , Krishna Lalit , Lai Olive , Chow Agnes Lai Yin , Chen Simon , Kanesvaran Ravindran 
Published: September 2023

Background: The geriatric oncology population tends to be complex because of multimorbidity, functional and cognitive decline, malnutrition and social frailty. Prognostic indices for predicting survival of elderly cancer patients to guide treatment remain scarce. A nomogram based on all domains of the geriatric assessment was previously developed at the National Cancer Centre Singapore (NCCS) to predict overall survival (OS) in elderly cancer patients. This nomogram comprised of six variables (age, eastern cooperative oncology group performance status, disease stage, geriatric depression scale (GDS), DETERMINE nutritional index and serum albumin). Objectives: To externally validate the NCCS prognostic nomogram. Design: This is a prospective cohort study. Methods: The nomogram was developed based on a training cohort of 249 patients aged ⩾70 years who attended the NCCS outpatient geriatric oncology clinic between May 2007 and November 2010. External validation of the nomogram using the Royston and Altman approach was carried out on an independent testing cohort of 252 patients from the same clinic between July 2015 and June 2017. Model misspecification, discrimination and calibration were assessed. Results: Median OS of the testing cohort was 3.1 years, which was significantly higher than the corresponding 1.0 year for the training cohort (log-rank p < 0.001). The nomogram achieved a high level of discrimination in the testing cohort (0.7112), comparable to the training cohort (0.7108). Predicted death probabilities were generally well calibrated with the observed death probabilities, as the joint test of calibration-in-the-large estimates at year 1, 2 and 3 from zeros and calibration slope from one was insignificant with p = 0.432. There were model misspecifications in GDS and serum albumin. Conclusion: This study externally validated the prognostic nomogram in an independent cohort of geriatric oncology patients. This supports the use of this nomogram in clinical practice.
Cellular Bone Matrix in Spine Surgery – Are They Worth the Risk: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lambrechts Mark J. , Issa Tariq Z. , Mazmudar Aditya , Lee Yunsoo , Toci Gregory R. , D’Antonio Nicholas D. , Schilken Meghan , Lingenfelter Kenneth , Kepler Christopher K. , Schroeder Gregory D. , Vaccaro Alexander R. 
Published: September 2023

Study Design Systematic Review. Objective To review the literature for complications and outcomes after the implantation of cellular bone matrix (CBM) during spine fusion. Methods The PubMed database was queried from inception to January 31, 2023 for any articles that discussed the role of and identified a specific CBM in spinal fusion procedures. Adverse events, reoperations, methods, and fusion rates were collected from all studies and reported. Results Six hundred articles were identified, of which 19 were included that reported outcomes of 7 different CBM products. Seven studies evaluated lumbar fusion, 11 evaluated cervical fusion, and 1 study reported adverse events of a single CBM product. Only 4 studies were comparative studies while others were limited to case series. Fusion rates ranged from 68% to 98.7% in the lumbar spine and 87% to 100% in the cervical spine, although criteria for radiographic fusion was variable. While 7 studies reported no adverse events, there was no strict consensus on what constituted a complication. One study reported catastrophic disseminated tuberculosis from donor contaminated CBM. The authors of 14 studies had conflicts of interest with either the manufacturer or distributor for their analyzed CBM. Conclusions Current evidence regarding the use of cellular bone matrix as an osteobiologic during spine surgery is weak and limited to low-grade non-comparative studies subject to industry funding. While reported fusion rates are high, the risk of severe complications should not be overlooked. Further large clinical trials are required to elucidate whether the CBMs offer any benefits that outweigh the risks.
Socio-demographic and health-related determinants of patients’ overall rating and experiences of cancer care
Authors: Arditi Chantal , Eicher Manuela , Junod Julien , Peytremann-Bridevaux Isabelle 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding how patient-reported experiences of care and overall rating of care vary among patients with different characteristics is useful to help interpret results from patient experience surveys and design targeted improvement interventions. The primary objective of this paper was to identify the socio-demographic and health-related characteristics independently associated with overall rating of cancer care. The secondary objective was to explore if and how these characteristics were associated with specific experiences of cancer care.MethodsThis cross-sectional multicenter study analyzed self-reported data collected from 2696 patients diagnosed with breast, prostate, lung, colorectal, skin, or hematological cancer from four large hospitals in French-speaking Switzerland. Multivariate logistic regressions with purposeful stepwise selection of independent variables were used to identify the socio-demographic and health-related characteristics independently associated with overall rating of cancer care in the primary analyses. In the secondary analyses, we ran the multivariate model from the primary analyses with specific experiences of care as outcomes to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the selected characteristics.ResultsRespondents’ mean rating of overall cancer care was 8.5 on a scale from 0 to 10, with 17% categorized as reporting a low rating (0–7 rating). Being a woman (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.12–1.83), not being Swiss (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.12–1.94), reporting lower health literacy (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.54–2.47), preferring making medical decisions alone (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.38–2.67), having forgone care due to cost (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.29–2.29), having used complementary medicine (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.22–1.97), and reporting poorer health (OR 3.12, 95% CI 2.17–4.50) were all independently associated with a low rating of overall cancer care. Poorer health, lower health literacy, and having forgone care were the three characteristics most often associated with problematic experiences of care.ConclusionsOur results identified several patient characteristics consistently associated with lower overall rating of care and specific experiences of cancer care. Among these determinants, health literacy and financial hardship emerged as key recurring factors shaping poor patient experiences that should be prioritized for attention by cancer care services.
Assessing changes in incubation period, serial interval, and generation time of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Xiangyanyu , Wu Yanpeng , Kummer Allisandra G. , Zhao Yuchen , Hu Zexin , Wang Yan , Liu Hengcong , Ajelli Marco , Yu Hongjie 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
After the first COVID-19 wave caused by the ancestral lineage, the pandemic has been fueled from the continuous emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants. Understanding key time-to-event periods for each emerging variant of concern is critical as it can provide insights into the future trajectory of the virus and help inform outbreak preparedness and response planning. Here, we aim to examine how the incubation period, serial interval, and generation time have changed from the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 lineage to different variants of concern.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis that synthesized the estimates of incubation period, serial interval, and generation time (both realized and intrinsic) for the ancestral lineage, Alpha, Beta, and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2.

Results
Our study included 280 records obtained from 147 household studies, contact tracing studies, or studies where epidemiological links were known. With each emerging variant, we found a progressive shortening of each of the analyzed key time-to-event periods, although we did not find statistically significant differences between the Omicron subvariants. We found that Omicron BA.1 had the shortest pooled estimates for the incubation period (3.49 days, 95% CI: 3.13–4.86 days), Omicron BA.5 for the serial interval (2.37 days, 95% CI: 1.71–3.04 days), and Omicron BA.1 for the realized generation time (2.99 days, 95% CI: 2.48–3.49 days). Only one estimate for the intrinsic generation time was available for Omicron subvariants: 6.84 days (95% CrI: 5.72–8.60 days) for Omicron BA.1. The ancestral lineage had the highest pooled estimates for each investigated key time-to-event period. We also observed shorter pooled estimates for the serial interval compared to the incubation period across the virus lineages. When pooling the estimates across different virus lineages, we found considerable heterogeneities (I2 > 80%; I2 refers to the percentage of total variation across studies that is due to heterogeneity rather than chance), possibly resulting from heterogeneities between the different study populations (e.g., deployed interventions, social behavior, demographic characteristics).

Conclusions
Our study supports the importance of conducting contact tracing and epidemiological investigations to monitor changes in SARS-CoV-2 transmission patterns. Our findings highlight a progressive shortening of the incubation period, serial interval, and generation time, which can lead to epidemics that spread faster, with larger peak incidence, and harder to control. We also consistently found a shorter serial interval than incubation period, suggesting that a key feature of SARS-CoV-2 is the potential for pre-symptomatic transmission. These observations are instrumental to plan for future COVID-19 waves.
The neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio as a risk factor for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among individuals with diabetes: evidence from the NHANES 2003–2016
Authors: Dong Gaiying , Gan Man , Xu Shilin , Xie Yanlin , Zhou Ming , Wu Liangliang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Evidence regarding the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and mortality risk in diabetes patients is scarce. This study investigated the relationship of the NLR with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk in diabetes patients.

Methods
Diabetes patients (n = 3251) from seven National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles (2003–2016) were included in this study. The cause of death and mortality status of the participants were obtained from National Death Index records. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) was used to visualize the association of the NLR with mortality risk. The maximally selected rank statistics method (MSRSM) was used to determine the optimal NLR cutoff value corresponding to the most significant association with survival outcomes. Weighted multivariable Cox regression models and subgroup analyses were adopted to assess the association of the NLR with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the NLR in predicting survival outcomes.

Results
During a median follow-up of 91 months (interquartile range, 55–131 months), 896 (27.5%) of the 3251 diabetes patients died, including 261 (8.0%) with cardiovascular deaths and 635 (19.5%) with noncardiovascular deaths. The RCS regression analysis showed a positive linear association between the NLR and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (both p > 0.05 for nonlinearity) in diabetes patients. Participants were divided into higher (> 3.48) and lower (≤ 3.48) NLR groups according to the MSRSM. In the multivariable-adjusted model, compared with participants with a lower NLR, those with a higher NLR had a significantly higher risk of both all-cause (HR 2.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.64–2.51, p < 0.0001) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 2.76, 95% CI 1.84–4.14, p < 0.0001). The association was consistent in subgroup analyses based on age, sex, smoking status, drinking status, and hypertension, with no significant interaction between the aforementioned characteristics and the NLR (p interaction > 0.05). The time-dependent ROC curve showed that the areas under the curve of the 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates were 0.72, 0.66, 0.64, and 0.64 for all-cause mortality and 0.69, 0.71, 0.69 and 0.65, respectively, for cardiovascular mortality.

Conclusion
An elevated NLR is independently associated with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in diabetes patients.
Joint-level responses to tofacitinib and methotrexate: a post hoc analysis of data from ORAL Start
Authors: Ciurea Adrian , Distler Oliver , Kwok Kenneth , Jo Hyejin , Wang Lisy , Killeen Tim , Ospelt Caroline , Frank Bertoncelj Mojca 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has a variable impact on different synovial joints, with inflammation being more commonly observed in some joints than others. Emerging evidence suggests that the anatomical variation in pathophysiology could result in differential responses to treatments across the joints, both within and between modes of action. This analysis aimed to characterize joint-specific responses to tofacitinib and methotrexate monotherapy in patients with RA.

Methods
This was a post hoc analysis of data from the phase III trial ORAL Start (NCT01039688), in methotrexate-naïve patients with RA. A paired joint pathology score (PJPS), derived from bilateral tender/swollen joint counts, was calculated. The percentage change from baseline in PJPS (%∆PJPS) and treatment-specific responses (tofacitinib 5 and 10 mg twice daily [BID] vs methotrexate; tofacitinib 5 vs 10 mg BID) for each patient joint pair, except for those with baseline/post-baseline PJPS = 0, were calculated at month 3, month 6, and month 12. Radiographic progression was similarly assessed using the Modified Total Sharp Score at month 6 and month 12.

Results
In methotrexate-naïve patients, differences in %∆PJPS demonstrated greater responses with tofacitinib vs methotrexate in most joint locations. Lesser responses with tofacitinib vs methotrexate were observed in most joints of the feet, particularly at month 12. Despite this, radiographic progression at month 12 was significantly worse in the foot (and metacarpophalangeal) joints of patients receiving methotrexate vs tofacitinib.

Conclusion
We observed variation in joint-specific responses with tofacitinib and methotrexate monotherapy. Despite a proximal–distal efficacy gradient, with better clinical responses in the feet, patients receiving methotrexate monotherapy demonstrated more radiographic progression in the foot joints compared with those receiving tofacitinib. These findings suggest that body site- and therapy-specific characteristics may interact to produce differential treatment responses.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01039688.
Will metformin use lead to a decreased risk of thyroid cancer? A systematic review and meta-analyses
Authors: Li Hailong , Chen Yue , Hu Lei , Yang Wenzhi , Gao Zongshi , Liu Mengqing , Tao Hui , Li Jie 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
It has been reported that metformin use may reduce the risk of thyroid cancer, but existing studies have generated inconsistent results. The purpose of this study was to investigate such association between metformin use and the risk of thyroid cancer.

Methods
Studies of metformin use for the risk of thyroid cancer were searched in Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biomedical Database, Wanfang Data, and Chinese Scientific Journals Database (VIP) from the establishment date to December 2022. Newcastle–Ottawa scale is adopted for assessing the methodological quality of included studies, and the inter-study heterogeneity was assessed by using the I-squared statistic. Combined odds ratios (ORs) with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated through either fixed-effects or random-effects model according to the heterogeneity. Besides, subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses and test for publication bias were conducted.

Results
Five studies involving 1,713,528 participants were enrolled in the qualitative and quantitative synthesis. The result of the meta-analyses showed that metformin use was associated with a statistically significant lower risk of thyroid cancer (pooled OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.50–0.91, P = 0.011). Moreover, in the subgroup analysis, we found that the use of metformin may also aid in the prevention of thyroid cancer in Eastern population (pooled OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.35–0.88, P = 0.012) rather than Western population (pooled OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.52–1.54, P = 0.685). Sensitivity analysis suggested the results of this meta-analyses were relatively stable. No publication bias was detected.

Conclusion
Metformin use is beneficial for reducing the risk of thyroid cancer. For further investigation, more well-designed studies are still needed to elucidate the association between metformin use and the risk of thyroid cancer.