bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public Opinion toward Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Zhang Baobao 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter synthesizes and discusses research on public opinion toward artificial intelligence (AI). Understanding citizens’ and consumers’ attitudes toward AI is important from a normative standpoint because the public is a major stakeholder in shaping the future of the technology and should have a voice in policy discussions. Furthermore, the research could help anticipate future political and consumer behavior. Survey data worldwide show that the public is increasingly aware of AI; however, they—unlike AI researchers—tend to anthropomorphize AI. Demographic differences correlate with trust in AI in general: those living in East Asia have higher levels of trust in AI, while women and those of lower socioeconomic status across different regions have lower levels of trust. Surveys that focus on particular AI applications, including facial recognition technology, personalization algorithms, lethal autonomous weapons, and workplace automation, add complexity to this research topic. This chapter concludes by recommending four new topics for future studies: (1) institutional trust in actors building and deploying AI systems, (2) the impact of knowledge and experience on attitudes toward AI, (3) heterogeneity in attitudes toward AI, and (4) the relationship between attitudes and behavior.
Revolution and Counter-Revolution
Authors: Dwan David 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The differences between revolution and counter-revolution are difficult to spot in Yeats—not least because the revolution he initially envisaged for Ireland was usually conceived as a ‘revival’. And while he distinguished between a cultural and political revolution, he also blurred the terms of this distinction—not least by presenting his own work as one of the possible causes of the Rising of 1916. Yeats cast himself as a troubled celebrant of this event, but he would increasingly operate as a critic of revolution in Ireland. Key themes of his poetry—the evils of fanaticism and hatred, the dangers of abstraction and the naïve certainty it produces, the defence of historical regimes from upstart forms of power—reflect this anti-revolutionary animus. But Yeats remained drawn to the revolution he indicted—in particular, to the idea of a foundational violence that exceeds all established legal and moral norms, while serving as the inaugural act for a new set of values. As the poet acknowledged himself, he too had a ‘fanatic heart’.
Yeatsian Masculinities
Authors: McDiarmid Lucy 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The idea of masculinity is interrogated in poems throughout Yeats’s career. This chapter uses the word ‘masculinity’ to mean characteristics of people in Yeats’s poems whom he identifies as male, and the way those characteristics are enacted, performed, or displayed in appearance, small behaviours, large behaviours, sexualities, or actions of any sort. Like so much else in Yeats’s work, the concept of masculinity is in a constant state of revision, variously embodied in generic men working in conventional professions, in long dead family members, Dublin merchants, literary characters, legendary figures, Irish heroes, sometimes women, and the poet himself, apologetic, uncertain, proud, defiant, remorseful, and always questioning.
George Yeats
Authors: Mills Harper Margaret 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Many stories swirl about George Yeats, even though she did not write or speak much for public consumption. In the last several decades, this least known of the women in Yeats’s circle has received an increasing amount of scholarly attention, and her massive contributions to her husband’s life and work are more appreciated than has been true for the longer part of the history of Yeats studies. For the first generation or two of scholarship after his death, George was mentioned publicly and frequently in acknowledgements and copyright pages of works by and about her husband. And she did produce thousands of pages of written texts, most in the form of automatic writing, occult notebooks of varying types, and private letters. She also consulted with publishers to edit much of WBY’s poetry, drama, and prose. She was a brilliant woman who led a long and active life.
Yeats’s Visionary Comedy
Authors: Campbell Matthew 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores various aspects of reading Yeats as a sort of comedian, or, if not that, someone who wrote a visionary comedy, albeit one passing through ‘general humanity’ to the figure of the ‘The Fool’. He was an experimenter with comedic forms in his plays and poetry, as well as in his depictions of historical events: ‘Easter, 1916’ is the only one of Yeats’s poems to use the word ‘comedy’. Later in life, he reverted often to the example of Jonathan Swift and a sort of classical Fescennine poetry, a satire of the body, often obscene and bawdy. In all of these versions, comedy comports with serious matter, and Yeats certainly thought of it as such: the idea of joy as the most important consummating achievement to which so many of his later poems aspire may be partly the comedic joy of divine knowledge and partly the tragic joy of the Nietzschean hero. But comedy is also something that features in usual Yeatsian subject matter, the sensible, the ethical, the everyday, our feelings about what it is to be in good humour, to have an equable and not obsessive temperament.
Imperfect Forms
Authors: Burt Stephanie 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We can learn more about poetic form, about W. B. Yeats’s forms, and about Yeats’s notions of perfection and imperfection, repetition and variation, order and disorder, when Yeats rejects the norm: from poems in which the metre, or the rhyme scheme, as well as the imaginative logic, change midway through. As discussed in this chapter, these poems—most of them lesser known or less often discussed—can help us think about recent models of form, and recent definitions of lyric poetry, as well as helping us to view and appreciate the aesthetic effects and choices that set Yeats’s poems apart.
Editing Yeats
Authors: Gould Warwick 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses upon the achievements of major editorial projects undertaken during the past sixty-five years. There are as many means of editing Yeats as there are imagined audiences for his work, but future scholarly editing of his work should apply Yeats’s own sense of a hierarchy of his audiences, and the various opportunities this implied for his editorial self-shaping. Yeats as an editor and self-editor continues to clarify the task for those who might take the editing of his work into the digital future. The chapter ends with a bibliography of principal editions of W. B. Yeats works edited by others, in approximately chronological order, followed by modern editions of works by Yeats, and then scholarly studies in alphabetical order by author and chronological order as to date.
Talking Back to History
Authors: Higgins Geraldine 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
‘History’ for Yeats is personal—not simply in the sense that he sees his own biography and that of the nation as intertwined—but also in his belief that the writer reshapes history itself. Famously a poet who constantly remakes himself, Yeats also fashions useable versions of the past that inform his symbolic historical schema. Rejecting the poetry of witness, he sometimes inhabits the role of prophet, but rarely, if ever, can he be said to be a reliable historical chronicler. How then has he come to be known as the poet without whom the age cannot be understood? This chapter argues that Yeats’s status as a poet of history rests on the key questions embedded in his best-known public poems. These questions ‘talk back’ to received ideas about the past, to political bromides about history and to Yeats’s own earlier work.
‘Cast A Cold Eye’
Authors: Piette Adam 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter first considers the reception of Yeats’s late work in the aftermath of his death in January 1939, looking in particular at the reaction of his fellow modernists, and then the judgements made on his lifetime achievement by Irish writers of different persuasions. The second section considers another thrust to Yeats’s epitaph: his injunction to those passing by to treat death lightly, and explores psychoanalytical ideas about ‘the death drive’ to unpack its implications. The chapter ends by seeking to winkle out from the verse the lineaments of prophecy as foreboding, as weird contact with the war dead of the future.
The Scientific Revolution
Authors: Ebury Katherine 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Yeats’s reading in modern science post-relativity has recently come strongly into the light, placing him in a fascinating position among modern writers, open to scientific thinking that appears to challenge the empiricism that Yeats himself abhorred. This chapter reappraises previous critical work on Yeats and science, especially in relation to the ‘Two Cultures’ debate (and its ancestors) and highlights missed opportunities to engage with the potential of his thought. Subsections address Yeats’s experience of science before Einstein through his education, as well as how his engagement with science was transformed after the Einsteinian revolution. Yeats’s thought will ultimately be found to be less of an outlier and more in harmony with a particular strand of ‘New Age’ popular science, from Einstein’s Cosmic Religion (1931) to Gary Zukav’s The Dancing Wu Li Masters (1979), which combined Eastern philosophy with the new physics.
W. B. Yeats
Authors: Hanna Adam 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Abstract Yeats described his Senate work as ‘the slow exciting work of creating the institutions of a new nation’. Both The Tower and A Vision were written during a period in which many of the legal and institutional structures in which Irish society operated fell and were built again, and they reflect both of these phases. In particular, Yeats’s ambivalent attitude to his new role as a legislator contributes to his strong thematic preoccupation with divided, multiple selfhood. The Tower is not just a lament for a former time, it is a paean to the very fact of change; it is not only a hymn to self-assertion but a reflection on just what a fugitive and fluid thing a self can be. As ‘Among School Children’ shows, Yeats’s renewed consciousness of division within himself enabled him to make great poetry out of a state of disjunction.
The Effect of Mobile Stroke Unit Care on Functional Outcomes: An Application of the Front-door Formula
Authors: Piccininni Marco , Kurth Tobias , Audebert Heinrich J. , Rohmann Jessica L. 
Published: July 2023

Background:
The Berlin-based B_PROUD study was designed to assess the effect of mobile stroke unit (MSU) dispatch among ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients without contraindications to reperfusion treatments. However, a large proportion of patients for whom the MSU was dispatched did not ultimately receive MSU care. We estimated the causal effect of additional MSU care on 3-month functional outcomes among B_PROUD patients for whom an MSU was dispatched.

Methods:
We used data from the B_PROUD study (1 February 2017–8 May 2019). Given the presence of exposure–outcome unmeasured confounding, we used the front-door formula to identify the distribution of modified Rankin scale (mRS) outcomes under two hypothetical interventions: (1) receiving additional MSU care and (2) only receiving conventional care. We considered the time from dispatch to thrombolysis as the full mediator and adjusted for exposure–mediator and mediator–outcome confounding. We used a parametric estimator to estimate the common odds ratio (cOR) and 95% bootstrapped confidence intervals (CI).

Results:
We included in total 768 ischemic stroke/TIA patients with MSU dispatch. The MSU was canceled for 180 (23%) patients, whereas 588 (77%) received MSU care. The unadjusted association between the care group and mRS favored conventional care (cOR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.2, 2.3); however, after applying the front-door formula, the mRS distribution favored MSU care (cOR = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.81, 0.96).

Conclusions:
Receiving MSU care was associated with better functional outcomes than conventional care only, compatible with the hypothesized beneficial effect of MSU care on poststroke outcomes, among stroke and TIA patients without contraindications to reperfusion treatments.
Factors influencing surgical performance and learning progress in minimally invasive surgery – results of an interdisciplinary muticenter study
Authors: Ackermann Johannes , Baumann Jorun , Pape Julian , Pahls Julia , Ruchay Zino , Spüntrup Carolin , Holthaus Bernd , Noé Günter , Anapolski Michael , Meinhold-Heerlein Ivo , Peters Göntje , Willer Damaris , Westermann Anna , Brügge Sandra , Günther Veronika , Maass Nicolai , Mettler Liselotte , Alkatout Ibrahim 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Advancing surgical techniques require a high level of adaptation and learning skills on the part of surgeons. We need selection procedures and decision support systems for the recruitment of medical students and young surgeons. We aimed to investigate factors influencing the surgical performance and learning abilities of surgeons and medical students.

Material and Methods:
The training scores of persons attending 16 standardized training courses (at three training centers) of the German Working Group for Gynecological Endoscopy (AGE e.V.) from 2017 to 2020, individual characteristics, and the results of psychomotor tests of three-dimensional imagination and hand-eye coordination were correlated. Similar analyses were performed for medical students in their final clinical year from 2019 to 2020. The training concept was evaluated in a prospective, multicenter, interdisciplinary, multinational setting.

Results:
In all, 180 of 206 physicians (response rate 87.4%) and 261 medical students (response rate 100%) completed the multi-stage training concept successfully. Of personal characteristics, the strongest correlation was noted for good surgical performance and learning success, and the absolute number of performed laparoscopic surgeries (r=0.28-0.45, P<0.001/r=0.1-0.28, P<0.05). A high score on the spatial visualization ability test was also correlated with good surgical performance (r=0.18-0.27, P<0.01). Among medical students with no surgical experience, however, age was negatively correlated with surgical performance, i.e. the higher the age, the lower the surgical performance (r=0.13/r=0.22, P<0.05/P<0.001).

Conclusion:
Individual factors (e.g. surgical experience, self-assessment, spatial visualization ability, eye-hand coordination, age) influence surgical performance and learning. Further research will be needed to create better decision support systems and selection procedures for prospective physicians. The possibilities of surgical training should be improved, promoted, and made accessible to a maximum number of surgical trainees because individual learning curves can be overcome even by less talented surgeons. Training options should be institutionalized for those attending medical school.
The invisible string of coagulation, complement, iron, and inflammation in sickle cell disease
Authors: Beckman Joan D. , Sparkenbaugh Erica M. 
Published: July 2023

Purpose of review
This review provides an update on recent advances in mechanistic studies of thromboinflammatory mechanisms that contribute to the disease pathology in sickle cell disease (SCD). There is a focus on novel pathways, clinical relevance, and translational potential of these findings. We hope to encourage more advances in this area to reduce organ damage in young patients prior to gene therapy, and to serve the aging SCD patient population.

Recent findings
Novel insights into the roles of neutrophils, the ADAMTS-13/VWF axis, oxidative stress, and the intrinsic coagulation cascade, as well as relevant clinical trials, are discussed.

Summary
Several studies implicate dysregulation of the ADAMTS-13/VWF axis as playing a major role in vaso-occlusive events (VOE) in SCD. Another highlight is reducing iron overload, which has beneficial effects on erythrocyte and neutrophil function that reduce VOE and inflammation. Multiple studies suggest that targeting HO-1/ROS in erythrocytes, platelets, and endothelium can attenuate disease pathology. New insights into coagulation activation identify intrinsic coagulation factor XII as a central regulator of many thromboinflammatory pathologies in SCD. The complement cascade and modulators of neutrophil function and release of neutrophil extracellular traps are also discussed.
Nucleus basalis of Meynert degeneration signals earliest stage of Alzheimer’s disease progression
Authors: Shafiee Neda , Fonov Vladimir , Dadar Mahsa , Spreng R. Nathan , Collins D. Louis 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Nucleus Basalis of Meynert (NbM) is the main source of cholinergic projection to the entorhinal cortex (EC) and hippocampus (HC), where acetylcholine plays a key role in their function. Both cholinergic cells of NbM and their receptive targets in the EC and HC show sensitivity to neurofibrillary degeneration during the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease. Precise delineation of the NbM region on T1w scans is challenging due to limited spatial resolution and contrast. Using deformation-based morphometry (DBM), we sought to quantify NbM degeneration along the Alzheimer’s disease trajectory and confirm recent studies suggesting that NbM degeneration happens before degeneration in the EC or HC.MRI scans of 1447 participants from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI1, 2 and GO) were up-sampled to 0.5 mm voxel-size in each direction (0.125 mm3) before non-linear registration to an ADNI-based unbiased symmetric average MRI template. A subgroup of 677 amyloid-positive participants were chosen for volume time course analysis where the resulting deformation fields were used to compute a high-resolution Jacobian determinant map for each participant as a proxy for local volume change within NbM, EC, and HC masks. Scores of volume change were corrected for age and sex and z-scored using normative data from cognitively healthy amyloid-negative (CN-) participants (n = 219). Two-sample t-tests were then used to compare the baseline differences between NbM, EC, and HC for amyloid-positive cognitively normal controls (CN+), amyloid-positive early mild cognitive impairment (eMCI), and amyloid-positive late mild cognitive impairment (lMCI). Longitudinal linear mixed-effect models were used to compare trajectories of volume change after realigning all participants into a common timeline based on their cognitive decline.Results showed a significant cross-sectional difference at baseline between CN+ and eMCI, and eMCI and lMCI for both left and right Z-scored NbM volumes. There was no difference in z-scored EC and HC volumes between CN+ and eMCI groups but results from eMCI and lMCI differed significantly in these regions. Longitudinal analysis, with a focus on the early disease stages showed the earliest deviation from the CN- trajectory in the NbM and HC in the subject-specific time realigned data.Contrary to the notion that Alzheimer’s disease originates in EC, we found that NbM volume changes earlier in the disease trajectory than EC or HC. Converging evidence from cross-sectional and longitudinal models suggest that the NbM may be a focal target of early AD progression, which is often obscured by normal age-related decline.
Reaching the tumor: mobility of polymeric micelles inside anin vitrotumor-on-a-chip model with dual ECM
Authors: Olea Alis R. , Jurado Alicia , Slor Gadi , Tevet Shahar , Pujals Silvia , De La Rosa Victor R. , Hoogenboom Richard , Amir Roey J. , Albertazzi Lorenzo 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTDegradable polymeric micelles are promising drug delivery systems due to their hydrophobic core and responsive design. When applying micellar nanocarriers for tumor delivery, one of the bottlenecks encounteredin vivois the tumor tissue barrier – crossing the dense mesh of cells and extracellular matrix (ECM). Sometimes overlooked, the extracellular matrix can trap nanoformulations based on charge, size and hydrophobicity. Here we used a simple design of a microfluidic chip with two types of ECM and MCF7 spheroids to allow “high throughput” screening of the interactions between biological interfaces and polymeric micelles. To demostrarte the applicapility of the chip, a small library of fluorescently labelled polymeric micelles varying in their hydrophilic shell and hydrophobic core forming blocks was studied. Three widely used hydrophilic shells were tested and compared, poly(ethylene glycol), poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline), and poly(acrylic acid), along with two enzyamticaly degradable dendritic hydrophobic cores (based on Hexyl or Nonyl end-gorups). Using ratiometric imaging of unimer:micelle fluorescence and FRAP inside the chip model, we obtained the local assembly state and dynamics inside the chip. Notably, we observed different micelle behaviors in the basal lamina ECM, from avoidance of ECM structure to binding of the poly(acrylic acid) formulations. Binding to basal lamina correlated with higher uptake into MCF7 spheroids. Overall, we proposed a simple microfluidic chip containing dual ECM and spheroids for the assessment of the interactions of polymeric nanocarrires with biological interfaces and evaluating nanoformulations’ capacity to cross the tumor tissue barrier.