bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The legal adaptation of Electronic Attacks between prohibition and legalisation In public international law
Authors: Elhow Amr Ezzat 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The input discusses the increasing use of cyber capabilities in regional conflicts and the role of cyber power in various aspects of society. It mentions the International Court of Justice's endorsement of the effective control standard and the genocide standard for assessing the relationship between governments and groups. The input also discusses the ambiguity surrounding the delineation of force in international law and the United Nations Charter's aim to protect future generations from the consequences of armed conflict. It mentions economic coercion as an early form of coercion or intimidation and highlights the recognition of information technology as a potential instrument in armed conflicts. The study aims to determine if electronic attacks can be considered a manifestation of force and if they violate international law. It also mentions the concept of critical infrastructure and its importance for various nations.
AIDD, an interactive AI-driven drug design system that uses molecular evolution and mechanistic pharmacokinetic simulation to optimize multiple property objectives simultaneously
Authors: Clark Robert D. , Jones Jeremy , Lawless Michael S. , Miller David W. , Waldman Marvin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Computer-aided drug design has advanced rapidly in recent years, and multiple instances of in silico designed molecules advancing to the clinic have demonstrated the contribution of this field to medicine. Properly designed and implemented platforms can drastically reduce drug development timelines and costs. While such efforts were initially focused primarily on target affinity/activity, it is now appreciated that other parameters are equally important in the successful development of a drug and its progression to the clinic, including pharmacokinetic (PK) properties as well as absorption, distribution, metabolic, excretion and toxicological (ADMET) properties. Here, we introduce the Artificial Intelligence-driven Drug Design (AIDD) platform, which automates the drug design process by integrating high-throughput physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) simulations (powered by GastroPlus) and ADMET predictions (powered by ADMET Predictor) with advanced generative chemistry algorithms. AIDD uses these and other estimates in iteratively performing multi-objective optimizations to produce novel molecules that are active and lead-like. Here we describe the AIDD workflow and details of the methodologies involved therein. We use a dataset of triazolopyrimidine (TzP) inhibitors of the dihydroorotate dehydrogenase from Plasmodium falciparum (PfDHODH) to illustrate how AIDD generates novel sets of molecules.
The Integration of Patient-Reported Quality of Life and Systemic Biomarkers in Patients with Immune Dysregulation
Authors: LaBere Brenna , Chu Anne , Platt Craig D. , Chou Janet 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background Patient-reported quality of life measurements are an important method for improving the treatment of patients with a variety of diseases. These tools have been minimally investigated in patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI). Patients with IEI may have immune dysregulation and autoimmune-mediated multi-system organ involvement, making treatment optimization vitally important. Routine laboratory and radiologic testing are typically used for treatment monitoring; however, these modalities have the potential to miss early organ damage. T follicular helper cells are T cells that contribute to antibody production and are known to be expanded in patients with active autoimmunity. We hypothesized that a combination of patient-reported quality of life measurements, in addition to T follicular helper cell percentages, would help us to better understand the level of disease activity in patients with IEI and autoimmunity.Methods Patients with immune dysregulation were consented to provide a blood sample and to complete a questionnaire. The Centers for Disease Control HRQOL-14 tool was utilized for the questionnaire portion, and T follicular helper cell levels were measured from whole blood using surface staining and flow cytometry analysis. Patient disease activity was abstracted from the patient medical record, and this was compared to the questionnaire and whole blood assay results.Results A total of 20 patients participated in the study; 8 patients had active disease and the remaining were found to be quiescent. There was no significant difference between the patient-reported general health ratings based on sex, age, disease activity, or category of immune dysregulation (p > 0.05). The cTfh percentages were expanded in patients with active disease as compared to those with quiescent (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant correlation between cTfh percentage and patient-reported unhealthy days from the questionnaire (R2 = 0.113, p > 0.05).Conclusions Patients with active immune dysregulation were found to have expanded cTfh percentages as compared to those with quiescent disease, however this was not reflected in patient-reported quality of life questionnaires. Better understanding of disease activity and the patient experience is vital to optimize appropriate treatments and outcomes for patients with IEI and immune dysregulation, and more investigation is needed.
Gut yeast diversity of Helicoverpa armigera under different dietary conditions
Authors: Yu Man , Li Yang , Ji Jingyuan , Lei Yonghui , Sun Yanfei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Intestinal endophytic fungi have played an important role in the nutrition, detoxification and development of host insects during natural co-evolution. Insects also provide suitable living environment for endophytic fungi. Insect endophytic yeast is also one of the important flora. Currently, it is little known about intestinal endophytic yeast of host feeding on different dietary conditions. Helicoverpa armigera is an important pest of economic crop in Xinjiang of China. However, the composition and function of intestinal yeast community in H.armigera in Xinjiang remains unclear. In this paper, the structural composition of yeast microorganisms in the larvae of H.armigera was explored under different environments feeding on apple, pear, tomato, artificial diet(laboratory feeding), urtica fissa, sunflower, and zinnia (wild environment) by high-throughput sequencing. Results showed that a total of 43 yeast OUT readings were obtained, including 33 yeast genera and 42 yeast species. The yeast genera with a total content of more than 5% were Hanseniaspora (36.27%), Moesziomyces (21.47%), Trichosporon(16.20%), Wickerhamomyces (12.96%) and Pichia (6.38%). Hanseniaspora was predominant when fed indoors with fruits, whereas Moesziomyces was only detected in the wild group (urtica fissa, sunflower, zinnia) and the artificial diet group. After the larvae were transferred from artificial diet to apple, pear and tomato, the structure of intestinal yeast community changed, mainly reflected in the increase of relative abundance of Hanseniaspora and the decrease of Trichosporon. At the same time, the results of α diversity index (Chao1) indicated that the intestinal yeast microbial diversity of H.armigera fed on wild plants was higher than that of indoor artificial feeding, and the highest was group Z (17.17±4.37). PCoA and PERMANOVA analysis conclued that there were significant differences in the gut yeast structure of larvaes of H.armigera on different diets which is likely to relate to host adaptation.
Evolutionary and Swarm Intelligence in Optimization of Α-amylase From Bacillus Velezensis Sp.
Authors: BHIMANA SASIDHAR , RAVINDRAN SARAVANAN 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
To optimize α-amylase synthesis from fermented broth, this research employed evolutionary and swarm intelligence-based techniques such as genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimisation (PSO). The nonlinear response surface model (RSM) of α-amylase from Bacillus velezensis sp.was used as the objective function.
Results
In contrast to the enzyme activity, 418.25 U/mL, achieved by the thirteen factors OFAT technique was increased by 2.76 times using GA and PSO optimization with only nine significant parameters. The optimal process parameters predicted using GA and PSO were pH (5.37), temperature (34.18 oC), carbon source (4.12%), nitrogen source (2.04%), K2PO4 (0.34%), MgSO4 (0.2%), NaCl (0.14%), fructose (2.0%), and NaNO3 (0.47%).
Conclusions
The results showed that α-amylase activity was significantly improved with both approaches, with similar predictions of optimized process parameters and α-amylase activity of 1157.2 U/ml. PSO, on the other hand, surpasses GA in terms of optimized α-amylase activity and convergence rate, which might be attributed to its simple structure and efficient memory capabilities. In conclusion, the suggested GA and PSO techniques are thought to be natural and may be used instead of existing gradient-based optimization strategies in downstream enzyme processing.
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth affects the progression of HBV-associated liver disease
Authors: 罗 罗欧 , Zhang MingMei , Wang XiaoYing , Sun Lei , Ma MenJuan , You Jing , Li Jing 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective: To exploring whether the Overgrowth small intestinal bacterial overgrowth could aggravate the progression of HBV-associated liver disease. The disorder of intestinal microflora increases the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which can aggravate the inflammatory response and promote the progression of liver cirrhosis. To provide new ideas for the treatment and prognosis of HBV-related liver diseases, such as improving the prognosis of HBV-related liver disease by regulating the intestinal flora.
Methed: All statistical analyses and graphs sketching were performed using SPSS version 26.0 and GraphPad Prism 9.0.0 version software. Measurement data were expressed as mean ± Std, the number of count data cases are indicated (n) . t‐test, One‐way analysis of variance or Kruskal−Wallis were used as appropriate.P <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
Result: There was significant difference in IL-8 (H=19.29, p=0.00), IL-10 (H=15.18, p=0.04), IL-6 (H=41.32, p=0.00) and IL-17 (H=11.48, p=0.02) among the 5 groups. There was significant difference in the levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-17 between the five groups. Compared with the healthy group (P<0.0001, P<0.001, P<0.01, P<0.05), the IL-6 were significantly increased in the group of LC, HCC and HF (P<0.0001, P<0.001, P<0.001), the IL-8 level were significantly increasedr in the HCC and HF groups (P<0.001, P<0.01). IL-10 level were significantly increased in the HF group (P<0.01), the IL-17 level was significantly increased in the HF group (P<0.05) and there was significant difference in the IL-6 levels between the CHB group and the HF group (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth upregulates proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-17 through the "gut-liver axis", promoting liver inflammation and fibrosis, thus affecting the progression of HBV-associated liver disease.
CB-5083 and luteolin synergistically induce apoptosis of bladder cancer cells via multiple mechanisms
Authors: Sun Shuben , Liu Ping , Xie Guohai , Zheng Junhua 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Bladder cancer (BC) is a common urological malignancy that still lacks of effective treatments. In recent years, valosin-containing protein (VCP) was emerging as potential target for the treatment of cancers. CB-5083 was a VCP inhibitor that has been evaluated in phase I clinical trials. However, drug-resistance and severe side effects hamper the application of CB-5083. Amounting evidence suggest that combined treatment is a useful strategy to improve the anticancer efficiency with lower toxicity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the combined effects of CB-5083 and luteolin (Lut), a natural flavonoid, on BC cells.
Methods
Cellular viabilities were measured by the MTT assays. Cell cycle distribution, cellular death and mitochondrial membrane potential were assayed by the flow cytometry. mRNA levels were assayed by the qRT-PCR. Protein levels were measured by western blots. RNA interference was applied to knockdown genes. Xenografts experiments were conducted to evaluate the toxicity in vivo.
Results
It was found that co-treatment of CB-5083 and luteolin synergistically reduced the viabilities of BC cells. In addition, co-treatment of CB-5083 and Lut also synergistically induced cell cycle arrest at G1 phase and apoptosis in BC cells. Mechanically, CB-5083/Lut cooperatively reduced the expression of Bcl-xl and Mcl-1 in BC cells. Moreover, CB-5083 and Lut synergistically induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in BC cells. Genetical or pharmacological inhibition of ER stress markedly reduced the apoptosis induced by CB-5083, Lut or their combination in BC cells. In addition, combined treatment of CB-5083 and Lut also synergistically repressed the growth of BC cells in vivo.
Conclusion
Our data suggest that combined treatment of CB-5083 and Lut might be applied to treat BC.
Hierarchical Channel Morphology in O-rings after Two Cycling Exposures to 70 MPa Hydrogen Gas: A Case Study of Sealing Failure
Authors: Lee Chang Hoon , Jung Jae Kap , Kim Kyung Sook 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the impact of high-pressure hydrogen gas exposure on the structural and morphological characteristics of O-ring materials. O-ring specimens undergo two cycles of sealing under 70 MPa hydrogen gas, and their resulting variations are examined using advanced characterization techniques, including powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Our findings reveal that at the microscopic level, the lattice spacing of the O-ring material shows no significant changes when exposed to 70 MPa hydrogen gas. However, at a larger scale in the micrometre range, the formation of a hierarchical channel morphology becomes evident. This morphology is accompanied by the separation of carbon black filler from the rubber matrix, contributing to mechanical weakening of the O-ring. These observations can be attributed to the pressure gradient that develops between the inner and outer radii of the O-ring, resulting from compression forces acting perpendicularly to the radial direction due to clamp locking.
The incidence rate and severity of COVID-19 infection in hospitalized vaccinated patients and outpatients who received remdesivir from March to September 2021 and outcome comparison between single and double vaccinated patients
Authors: Khosravi Mina , Babaee Ebrahim , Nafissi Nahid , Shokri Sima , Riahi Taghi , Fallahpour Morteza , kalantari Saeed , Janani Majid , Mozafarpoor Samaneh , Goodarzi Azadeh 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: This study assessed the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on infection rates and severity, the protective period after vaccination, risk factors for hospitalization, and adverse reactions. It involved PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients managed as inpatients or outpatients at Rasool-e Akram Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from March 21 to September 21, 2021.
Methods: A standard checklist was used to gather data through phone calls from 3701 PCR+ patients, including 989 inpatients and 2712 outpatients.
Results: After the first dose, COVID-19 incidence rate was 70.98%, mostly occurring one to four weeks post-vaccination. Following the second dose, the incidence rate dropped to 31.82%, with infections occurring between one to two months post-vaccination. Among inpatients and outpatients, 23% and 21% respectively had been vaccinated. Notably, 95.46% of outpatients and 91.52% of inpatients received both doses. Double vaccinated patients showed better outcomes, with lower O2 saturation below 70% (4.78% vs. 14.53%), and less severe lung involvement (0.65% vs. 5.71%).
Conclusion: The study revealed that the second sinopharm vaccine dose significantly reduces the incidence and severity of COVID-19 infection. While it offers protection against moderate to severe illness and reduces hospitalization, it may not prevent very severe cases or ICU admission. The most effective protection against infection occurs between one month after the first dose and one to two months after the second dose. Nonetheless, two doses do not provide long-term protection against infection. Further research is warranted to understand long-term vaccine efficacy.
Genomic characterization reveals distinct mutational landscapes and therapeutic implications between different molecular subtypes of triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Li Ruoqi , Yan Lei , Ma Hai Xia , Wang Hui Wen , Bu Peng , Xi Yan Feng , Lian Jing 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has high heterogeneity, poor prognosis, and limited treatment success. Recently, an immunohistochemistry (IHC)-based surrogate classification for the “Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) subtyping” has been developed and is considered more suitable for clinical application. Here, the genetics and potential therapeutic targets for TNBC molecular subtypes classified by the surrogate classification were investigated.
Methods
Seventy-one paraffin-embedded sections of surgically resected TNBC were classified into four molecular subtypes using the IHC-based surrogate classification. Genomic analysis was performed by targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS). The specificity of the subtypes was explored by bioinformatics, including survival analysis, multivariate Cox regression, pathway enrichment, Pyclone analysis, mutational signature analysis and PHIAL analysis.
Results
In total, 71 TNBC specimens were examined. AKT1 and BRCA1 mutations were identified as independent prognostic factors. Clear heterogeneity was observed in somatic mutations, key mutation pathways, evolutionary and mutational signatures, and copy number variations in the molecular subtypes. Importantly, 70 (98.5%) samples harbored putative clinically relevant alterations. The luminal androgen receptor (LAR) subtype was associated with mutations in PIK3CA and PI3K pathways, which are potentially sensitive to PI3K pathway inhibitors. The basal-like immune-suppressed (BLIS) subtype was characterized by high genomic instability and the specific possession of signature 19 while patients in the immunomodulatory (IM) subtype belonged to the PD-L1 ≥ 1% subgroup with enrichment in Notch signaling, suggesting a possible benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitors and Notch inhibitors. Moreover, mesenchymal-like (MES) tumors displayed enrichment in the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-RAS pathway and potential sensitivity to RTK pathway inhibitors.
Conclusions
TNBC molecular subtypes encompass distinct genomic landscapes that show specific heterogeneities. The findings suggest potential treatment targets and prognostic factors, indicating the possibility of stratified therapy in the future.
Development of indigenous acoustic emission system for structural health monitoring
Authors: Banerjee Aishwarya , Mukherjee Arpita , Karmakar Pratap , Datta Aloke Kr. , Roy Parikshit , Kundu Tamal , Topdar Pijush 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The development of instrumentation for the acoustic emission (AE) technique is presented here. The proposed system captures the AE signals of the damage source using WD piezoelectric sensors and stores the acquired data using an algorithm. The developed preamplifier amplifies the AE signals. The designed band-pass filter suppresses noise and passes data in a certain frequency range. This system also helps with the localization of structural damage. The applicability of this system has been experimentally studied on different structures with satisfactory performance. Also, it is compared with a commercially available AE system. This indigenously developed system is useful because of its cost-effectiveness, too.
Nacc-Guard: A Lightweight DNN Accelerator Architecture for Secure Deep Learning
Authors: Li Peng , Che Cheng , Hou Rui 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Recent breakthroughs in artificial intelligence and deep neural networks (DNNs) have produced an explosive demand for computing platforms equipped with customized domain-specific accelerators. However, DNN accelerators have security vulnerabilities. Researchers have previously explored DNN attack and defense technologies that mainly focus on training and inference algorithms or model structure robustness. The problem of how to design a secure accelerator architecture has received relatively little attention, especially with the rapid development of FPGA-based heterogeneous computing SoCs. To mitigate this bottleneck, we propose Nacc-Guard, a lightweight DNN accelerator architecture which can effectively defend against neural network bit-flip attacks and memory trojan attacks. By utilizing a linear randomization encryption algorithm based on stream cipher Trivium, interrupt signal confused coding, and hash-based message authentication code, Nacc-Guard can not only guarantee the integrity of the uploaded DNN file but also ensure buffer data confidentiality. To evaluate Nacc-Guard, NVDLA and a SIMD accelerator coupling with a RISC-V Rocket and ARM processor is implemented at RTL. Experimental evaluation shows that Nacc-Guard has a 3× hardware overhead reduction compared with conventional AES. Experiments on VGG, ResNet50, GoogLeNet, and YOLOv4-tiny validate that this framework can successfully ensure secure DNN inference with negligible performance loss. It achieves a 3.63× speedup and 35% energy reduction over the AES baseline.
Effect of Diagrid Systems on Seismic Performance of High Rise Buildings
Authors: Elmi Abdiaziz Abdillahi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In the past decade, numerous research works have been conducted on diagrid buildings. Researchers and practitioners have recognized the importance of diagrid structures, and as a result, have developed advanced design strategies to improve the efficiency and economy of diagrid structural systems. The unique architectural flexibility and structural efficiency of the diagrid make it an innovative system for tall buildings. To further expand on this innovation, multiple studies have focused on joint connections and established design methodologies. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to provide a systematic summary of existing research accomplishments related to the diagrid structural system in tall buildings.
Digital Identity of Software Robots - workplace interactions inside hybrid workforce
Authors: Kedziora Damian , Juszczyk Marta , Lesniewska Agnieszka 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Automation of mundane and manual office work with Robotic Process Automation (RPA) technology has been intensively growing on importance at various organizations. At the same time, collaborating with software robots as virtual co-workers is becoming an omnipresent and disruptive challenge from the perspective of employee well-being at the workplace. Our case study conducted at a large insurance enterprise based in Poland focused on exploring the perception of digital teammates by employees whose work get partially automated, as well as relations inside hybrid workforce, and competencies required for the successful performance of hybrid teams, formed by human workers and robots together. Having identified the dynamics and value flow between humans and robots at the case organization, we draw attention to the importance of facilitating development in social skills, subject knowledge and willingness to cooperate with robots at the hybrid workforce of the future.