bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for the Treatment of Post-Amputation Pain: A Systematic Review
Authors: Smith Brandon J. , Twohey Eric E. , Dean Kaylie P. , D’Souza Ryan S. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Despite numerous first-line treatment interventions, adequately managing a patient’s post-amputation pain (PAP) can be difficult. Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) has emerged as a safe neuromodulatory intervention that can be utilized for many etiologies of chronic pain. We performed a systemic review to appraise the evidence of PNS use for improvement in PAP. This was performed in Ovid, Cochrane databases, OVID, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, and PubMed. The primary outcome was improvement in PAP after use of PNS. Secondary outcomes included improvements in functional status, opioid usage, and mood. Data extraction and risk of bias assessments were performed independently in a blinded manner. Of the 989 studies identified, thirteen studies were included consisting of three randomized control trials, seven observational studies, and three case series. While large heterogeneity limited definitive conclusions, the included studies generally demonstrated favorable outcomes regarding pain reduction. Each included study that used an objective pain scale demonstrated clinically significant pain improvements. Per the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) criteria, there is very low-quality GRADE evidence supporting that PNS is associated with improvements in pain intensity for PAP. Future prospective, comparative, and well-powered studies assessing the use of PNS for PAP are warranted.
Developing the Key Driver Diagram by Analyzing Home Central Line Caregiver Proficiency Factors
Authors: Wong Chris I. , Henrich Natalie , Barysauskas Constance M. , Conway Margaret , Desrochers Marie D. , Mahan Riley M. , Billett Amy L. 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
Caregivers of pediatric oncology and stem cell transplant patients often care for central lines (CLs) at home. Methods to achieve caregiver CL care proficiency, and interventions designed with caregiver input are lacking.

Methods:
Caregivers of pediatric oncology and stem cell transplant patients patients with an external CL or removed within 2 weeks were eligible for a survey assessing knowledge, the value of training strategies, and comfort. We mapped responses (n = 79) and acceptability/challenges of introducing a pilot caregiver CL teach-back clinic program onto the capability, opportunity, motivation behavioral (COM-B) model of change to identify drivers of caregiver CL care proficiency. A working group, including caregivers, refined and approved a final driver diagram.

Results:

Survey: Ninety-four percent of caregivers answered knowledge questions correctly (capability); 95% considered hands-on training helpful (opportunity); 53% were not very comfortable with CL care (motivation). Teach-back: Seventy-nine percent of caregivers were interested in a teach-back as additional training; 38% participated (opportunity); 20% refused participation due to being overwhelmed/not having time (motivation). Thirty-three percent of participants had a CL proficiency assessment (capability). Drivers of home caregiver CL care proficiency included: support for the caregiver’s physical capability to perform CL care; enabling the CL care nurse trainer role; facilitating and increasing training opportunities, and engaging caregivers early and continuously to motivate proficiency development appropriately.

Conclusions:
An approach centered on caregivers as main stakeholders can identify drivers to co-design an intervention for improved home CL care delivery. A standardized process to train and evaluate caregivers with multiple hands-on opportunities might be beneficial.
“Development of Three-Dimensional Breast Scan and Measurement Application Using Laser Imaging Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) Sensor on iPhone”
Authors: Han Woo Yeon , Lee Seok Joon , Chang Hsien Pin , Heo Jin , Eom Jin Sup , Kim Eun Key , Han Hyun Ho 
Published: March 2023

Summary:
Laser imaging detection and ranging (LiDAR) is a modern three-dimensional (3D) technology that utilizes time-of-flight method using the round-trip time of an infrared laser beam to accurately detect the presence and features of objects. Notably, The iPhone XII Pro (Apple, Inc., Cupertino, Calif.) is the first smart mobile device with built-in LiDAR sensors in 2020. Our team developed the software application based on iOS devices with built-in LiDAR sensors for 3D breast scanning and automatically analyzing the breast geometric measurement. Breast geometry, including mid-clavicle-to-nipple distance, sternal notch-to-nipple distance, nipple-to-inframammary fold (IMF) distance, distance between nipples and body circumference on nipple and IMF level were measured using the software application and tapeline. The relative technical error of measurement (rTEM) value was used to calculate the error ratios between the measurements acquired by the software application and those of the tapeline. Good rTEM values ranging from 2.99 to 5.19% were found in the mid clavicle-to-nipple distance, sternal notch-to-nipple distance, distance between nipples, nipple level circumference and IMF level circumference. However, there was a poor rTEM value over 10% in the nipple-to-IMF distance. The proposed software application using current iOS devices with built-in LiDAR sensors can provide an ideal 3D scanning system which has low-cost burden, good accuracy, portability and ease-to-use.
Operative Autonomy in a Gender Balanced Cohort of Surgical Trainees
Authors: Parr Justin M , van der Werf Bert , Locke Michelle 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Gender inequity continues to be a major focus of improvements within surgical education. Female trainees are fewer in number and suffer reduced quality of surgical training. Prior studies have demonstrated that surgical autonomy for female trainees in a range of surgical disciplines is less than that of male trainees. As a unique example amongst Australasian specialty training boards, The New Zealand Board of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery has boasted a gender balanced cohort of surgical trainees since 2013. We sought to examine the effect of gender on surgical autonomy in a cohort of trainees where gender balance has been achieved.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was undertaken. Anonymised logbook data for New Zealand plastic surgery trainees was analysed, for the study period, comprising rotations from December 2013 to June 2020. Self-reported levels of trainee supervision were compared against gender. Outcomes were tested using multivariate analysis

Results:
38 trainees were included in the study (58% Female), with a total of 81,178 cases recorded over the 6.5-year study period. No overall statistically significant difference in surgical autonomy was identified when analysed by gender. Male and female trainees showed similar trends of increasing surgical autonomy throughout the course of surgical training.

Conclusions and Relevance:
In a cohort of surgical trainees which has reached gender balance, the negative impact of gender on surgical autonomy was not identified. These findings suggest that where women make up an equal proportion of trainees, the implicit gender bias within surgical training may be ameliorated.
Depression Treatment Initiation Among Patients With Versus Without Chronic Pain
Authors: Owen-Smith Ashli A. , McDonald Bennett , Sesay Musu M. , Simon Gregory E. , McCracken Courtney E. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective
The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which the presence of chronic noncancer pain (CNCP) impacts the likelihood that patients with diagnoses of depression will initiate depression treatment compared with those without CNCP.

Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study of Kaiser Permanente of Georgia members older than 18 years who received a diagnosis of depression. Demographics and medical history were extracted from the electronic health record database. Members were further classified by the presence or absence of a CNCP diagnosis. Outcomes of interest were treated as time dependent and included (1) time to fulfillment of a new antidepressant medication and (2) time to a follow-up mental health encounter. Outcomes were compared between members with and without a CNCP diagnosis using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazard regression models.

Results
During the study period, 22,996 members met the inclusion criteria and 27.4% had a diagnosis of CNCP. In the matched sample, there was no difference in the time to a new antidepressant fill among members with and without CNCP (hazard ratio = 0.96; 95% confidence interval = 0.90–1.02; p = .18). In contrast, members with CNCP were significantly less likely to have a new mental health encounter after diagnosis (hazard ratio = 0.87; 95% confidence interval = 0.81–0.94; p < .001).

Conclusions
Patients with CNCP were significantly less likely to have a new mental health encounter after a depression diagnosis compared with patients without CNCP. Additional outreach and consideration may be needed to improve initiation of depression treatment for newly diagnosed patients with comorbid depression and CNCP.
Assessment of Cranial Sexual Dimorphism Using 3D Reconstruction: Implications for Gender-Affirming Surgery
Authors: Goli Rachna , Lasky Sasha , Ray Edward , Chen Henry 
Published: March 2023

Background:
As more centers offer gender-affirming procedures, dissemination of best practices is critical to ensuring quality care. This study is the first to use advanced 3-dimensional visualization software to characterize cranial differences between natal males and females, as they relate to planning for facial gender-affirming operations.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective analysis was conducted on randomly selected patients with facial computed tomography imaging performed at a single institution between February 2020 and July 2021. Patients with acquired bony deformity on computed tomography or documented history of hormone replacement therapy were excluded. The images were retrieved and analyzed using advanced 3-dimensional visualization software (Vitrea). Independent sample t tests were performed to analyze variation in typically sexually dimorphic facial features between natal males and females.

Results:
We identified 50 patients (25 natal males and 25 natal females) who met the inclusion criteria. Ages ranged from 19 to 91. Natal males were found to have significantly greater frontosellar distances (difference between means, SEM: 2.7±1.2; P=0.03) and mandible volumes (difference between means, SEM: 14.0±4.2; P=0.002) than natal females. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in gonial angle, chin width, nasofrontal angle, or nasolabial angle between natal males and females.

Conclusion:
In this diverse sample of natal males and females, statistical analysis revealed that the sexually dimorphic facial characteristics most relevant to the planning of facial gender-affirming surgery are frontosellar distance and mandible volume. When planning facial gender-affirming surgery, we recommend that these characteristics be considered to achieve optimum results.
Modelling the displacement and coexistence of clonal lineages ofPhytophthora infestansthrough revisiting past outbreaks
Authors: Huang Chih-Chiang , Liew Edward C.Y. , Wan Justin S. H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe continuous changes in the lineage proportions of populations in the clonal plant pathogenPhytophthora infestanson potato and tomato crops have been perplexing to researchers and disease managers. Sudden outbreaks of newly emergent genotypes are often associated with these rapid composition changes. Modelling can predict the persistence and displacement of pathogen genotypes with differential fitness among hosts. Building upon previous models, we combined analytical and simulation methods to model the outcome of interactions between competing lineages on multiple hosts. Model inputs include pathogenesis parameters, and the outputs are fitness and lineage proportions within each host. Analytical solutions yielding complete displacement, partial coexistence-displacement, and complete coexistence were described. In a retrospective study, the lesion growth rate and sporulation density ofP. infestanslineages on potato and tomato from pathogenicity trials were used as inputs. Output lineage frequencies were compared with historical epidemiological situations to check model accuracy. The results showed that pathogenesis traits measured from empirical trials could simulate lineage constituents on potato and tomato, and estimate genotypic fitness with reasonable accuracy. The model also showed promise in predicting ongoing lineage displacements in the subsequent year or few years, even when the displaced lineage was still highly prevalent during the time of isolation. However, large uncertainties remain at temporal-spatial scales owing to complex meta-population dynamics in some regions and adaptation to local environmental factors. This simulation model provides a new tool for forecasting pathogen compositions, and can be used to identify potentially problematic genotypes based on pathogen life-history traits.
Pulmonary sequelae at six months in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection:A Single-Centre Study
Authors: Sharanya Pothireddy , Mishra Devendra , Agarwal Anurag , Keerthana D 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivePulmonary sequelae post SARS - CoV-2 infection have been reported in adults; however, there is scant literature regarding pulmonary dysfunction following SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. We studied the long term pulmonary sequelae in children who had SARS-CoV-2 infection.MethodsThis single center descriptive study conducted in a public sector tertiary care hospital in Northern India, from June, 2020 to October, 2021. We enrolled children aged 7-18 years admitted with SARS-CoV-2 infection and followed them up for 6 months. A detailed interval history was taken and pulmonary function tests were performed after 6 months, using a spirometer. A convenience sample of 40 children was enrolled. There were 21 males and the median (IQR) age was 13 (10.75, 17) years.ResultsThirty percent of children (n=12) had pulmonary function abnormalities, which was of restrictive pattern in all. Children who were underweight had higher odds of developing pulmonary dysfunction following SARS-CoV-2 infection [OR (95% CI) 5.13 (1.19, 22.11);P=0.028]. There were no significant association with age, sex, severity of initial infection and oxygen requirement during the initial infection. Three children had persistence of dyspnea during follow up.ConclusionThis study is the one of the first Indian studies regarding the pulmonary sequelae in children. A possibility of long term sequelae should be considered in children with history of SARS-CoV-2, presenting with suggestive complaints.
Are There Sex Differences in Thrombectomy Utilisation in Treatment of Acute Ischaemic Stroke? A Systematic Review and meta-analysis
Authors: Baker Serena , Micallef Clayton , Mead Gillian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesMechanical thrombectomy (MT) is a highly effective treatment for acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). Our aim was to determine whether there are differences in access to thrombectomy between men and women; this is an important question because a previous meta-analysis had shown that women were less likely than men to receive intravenous thrombolysis for AIS.MaterialsThis was a systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsMedical databases (Embase, Medline and APA Web of Science) were searched for eligible studies from 01/01/2010-30/09/2021. Two independent authors screened titles and abstracts and scrutinised full texts. Eligible studies were hospital-based, registry-based, or administrative data studies reporting sex-specific data on patients treated with thrombectomy for AIS, in representative populations of patients with AIS. Studies including only posterior circulation strokes were excluded. Summary unadjusted odds ratios were calculated to compare MT utilisation in men and women.Results1,379 citations were retrieved, 76 underwent full review and 16 were included in the meta-analysis, which comprised 5,281,009 stroke cases (47.2% women, 52.8% men). The summary unadjusted OR for sex differences in thrombectomy use was 0.931 (95% CI 0.834-1.040, p=0.206), indicating women had lower odds of receiving MT though confidence intervals overlapped one. There was statistically significant heterogeneity between studies (Q=1043.13 p<0.0001, I2=98.56%).ConclusionWe found no clear evidence that women were less likely to receive thrombectomy then men. Future studies should continue to report sex-specific data to ensure that there is equity of access to thrombectomy irrespective of sex.
Interventions to help patients withdraw from depression drugs: systematic review
Authors: Gøtzsche Peter C. , Demasi Maryanne 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDDepression drugs can be difficult to come off due to withdrawal symptoms. Gradual tapering with tapering support is needed to help patients withdraw safely. We reviewed the withdrawal success rates, using any intervention, and the effects on relapse/recurrence rates, symptom severity, quality of life, and withdrawal symptoms.METHODSSystematic review based on PubMed and Embase searches (last search 4 October 2022) of randomised trials with one or more treatment arms aimed at helping patients withdraw from a depression drug, regardless of indication for treatment. We calculated the mean and median success rates and the risk difference of depressive relapse when discontinuing or continuing depression drugs.RESULTSWe included 13 studies (2085 participants). Three compared two withdrawal interventions and ten compared drug discontinuation vs. continuation. The success rates varied hugely between the trials (9% to 80%), with a weighted mean of 47% (95% confidence interval 38% to 57%) and a median of 50% (interquartile range 29% to 65%). A meta-regression showed that the length of taper was highly predictive for the risk of relapse (P = 0.00001). All the studies we reviewed confounded withdrawal symptoms with relapse; did not use hyperbolic tapering; withdrew the depression drug too fast in a linear fashion; and stopped it entirely when receptor occupancy was still high.CONCLUSIONSThe true proportion of patients on depression drugs who can stop safely without relapse is likely considerably higher than the 50% we found.
Epidemiological evaluation and identification of the insect vector of soybean stay-green associated virus
Authors: Cheng Ruixiang , Yan Rong , Mei Ruoxin , Wang Yaodi , Niu Wei , Ai Hao , Qiao Sijing , Xu Mengjia , Yu Wei , Ye Wenwu , Wang Yuanchao , Tao Xiaorong , Zhou Xueping , Xu Yi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the emergence of soybean stay-green syndrome (SGS), also referred to as “zhengqing”, in the Huang-Huai-Hai region of China has resulted in significant yield losses, with some areas experiencing a complete reduction in seed yield. SGS is a phenomenon characterized by the delayed senescence of soybean, resulting in stay-green leaves, flat pods, and stunted seed development at harvest. Our group was the first to identify a distinct geminivirus, named soybean stay-green associated geminivirus (SoSGV), as the causative agent of SGS by fulfilling Koch’s postulate. To further understand the epidemiology of SoSGV, in this study, we collected 368 stay-green samples from 17 regions in 8 provinces including the Huang-Huai-Hai region and surrounding areas of China. The results showed that 228 samples tested positive for SoSGV (61.96%), and 96.93% of these positive samples showed severe pod deflation. Our epidemiological assessment reveals SGS caused by the SoSGV is prevalent in the fields, and it is undergoing geographical expansion and genetic differentiation. Additionally, we determined the other natural hosts grown in the Huang-Huai-Hai region of China. By capturing insects in the field and conducting laboratory vector transmission tests, we confirmed that the common brown leafhopper (Orosius orientalis) is the transmitting vector of SoSGV. With a better understanding of the epidemiology of SoSGV and its transmission, we can develop more effective strategies for managing and mitigating its impact on soybean yields.
p75 neurotrophin receptor in pre-adolescent prefrontal PV interneurons promotes cognitive flexibility in adult mice
Authors: Chehrazi Pegah , Lee Karen Ka Yan , Lavertu-Jolin Marisol , Chattopadhyaya Bidisha , Cristo Graziella Di 
Published: March 2023

AbstractParvalbumin (PV)-positive GABAergic cells provide robust perisomatic inhibition to neighboring pyramidal neurons and regulate brain oscillations. Alterations in PV interneuron connectivity and function in the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) have been consistently reported in psychiatric disorders associated with cognitive rigidity, suggesting that PV cell deficits could be a core cellular phenotype in these disorders. p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) regulates the time course of PV cell maturation in a cell-autonomous fashion. Whether p75NTR expression during postnatal development affects adult prefrontal PV cell connectivity and cognitive function is unknown. We generated transgenic mice with conditional knockout (cKO) of p75NTR in postnatal PV cells. We analysed PV cell connectivity and recruitment following a tail pinch, by immunolabeling and confocal imaging, in naïve mice or following p75NTR re-expression in pre- or post-adolescent mice using Cre-dependent viral vectors. Cognitive flexibility was evaluated using behavioral tests. PV cell-specific p75NTR deletion increased both PV cell synapse density and the number of PV cells surrounded by perineuronal nets, a marker of mature PV cells, in adult PFC but not visual cortex. Both phenotypes were rescued by viral-mediated re-introduction of p75NTR in pre-adolescent but not in post-adolescent PFC. Prefrontal cortical PV cells failed to upregulated c-Fos following a tail-pinch stimulation in adult cKO mice. Finally, cKO mice showed impaired fear memory extinction learning as well as deficits in a rule set-shifting task. These findings suggest that p75NTR expression in adolescent PV cells contributes to the finetuning of their connectivity and promotes cognitive flexibility in adulthood.