bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The rise of synthetic ecosystems in agriculture: artificial intelligence as the future of urban food systems
Authors: Rad J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
As urbanization increases and climate challenges intensify, the future of food production may lie in AI-driven synthetic ecosystems. This comment explores the potential of creating fully autonomous, closed-loop agricultural systems within urban settings—powered by AI and robotics—to produce food with minimal human intervention, addressing food security, sustainability, and labour shortages.
The Effect of Glucosuria Induced by SGLT2 Inhibitors on Thiamine Levels in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ozcetin Merve , Bicer Irem , Dizdar Oguzhan Sıtkı 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objetives
We aimed to examine the effects of newly started SGLT2 inhibitors on thiamine levels.

Background
High glucose in the renal tubular epithelium causes increased renal clearance of thiamine. Therefore, we hypothesized that glucosuria induced by SGLT2 inhibitors may result in thiamine deficiency.

Methods
The SGLT2 inhibitors group included patients who were added to their treatment with an SGLT2 inhibitor and who did not have glucosuria. The control group comprised patients who were taking medications other than SGLT2 inhibitors. Patients in both groups were followed for three months.

Results
The study was completed by 27 patients in each group, with a mean age of 53.2 ± 9.6 years. At baseline, the SGLT2 inhibitors group had worse glycemic control compared to the control group (p < 0.001), but no difference for thiamine. In the SGLT2 inhibitors group, but not in the control group, there were significant decreases in glucose, HbA1c, and creatinine values at the end of the 3-month follow-up, accompanied by a significant increase in thiamine levels.

Conclusion
Glucosuria induced by SGLT2 inhibitors did not lead to a decrease in whole-blood thiamine levels. Whole-blood thiamine levels increased with improved glycemic control. SGLT2 inhibitors demonstrated favourable effects on both glycemic control and creatinine levels.
Early Detection of Anastomotic Leak in Intraperitoneal Fluid After Colorectal Surgery
Authors: Lakyová Lucia Sukovská , Radoňak Jozef , Chandoga Ján , Tomečková Vladimíra , Sukovský Lukáš 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Anastomotic leak (AL) represents serious complications of colorectal surgery and significantly influences patients’ morbidity and mortality. We investigated whether the analysis of lactate and pyruvate in the peritoneal fluid can help detect AL earlier than the current non-specific biochemical examination.

Methods
Fifty-four adult patients (median age: 52 years) with colorectal carcinoma were enrolled in this prospective study. Patients were divided into the following three groups: group B – patients without AL after resection, group D – patients with AL after resection, and control group C – patients after palliative surgery without resection. We measured the concentration of lactate and pyruvate and calculated the lactate/pyruvate ratio in the peritoneal fluid of patients for the first 7 days after surgery.

Results
The most significant difference was recorded between groups D and C (P < 0.001). Statistically significant differences were observed in the concentration of lactate between group B and group D over 7 days, except on the first postoperative day (P < 0.001). Upon comparison of groups B and D and groups C and D, the lactate/pyruvate ratio showed the most significant difference on the second postoperative day (P = 0.002).

Conclusion
High levels of lactate and lactate/pyruvate ratio allows early identification of AL as early as 2 days after surgery.
Clostridioides difficile surveillance: 9-year comparison between automated surveillance and conventional surveillance in acute care hospitals
Authors: Stanciu Jean , Dolcé Patrick , Frenette Charles , Roy Marie-Claude , Kouider Lina , Longtin Yves 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective:
To develop and validate an automated surveillance system for healthcare-associated Clostridioides difficile infections (HA-CDI).

Design:
Multicenter cohort study.

Setting:
16 acute care hospitals.

Patients:
Patients admitted to participating hospitals between 2013 and 2022.

Methods:
An automated surveillance system was developed with retrospective extraction from admission/discharge/transfer and laboratory databases and compared with conventional surveillance based on clinical definitions collected prospectively by infection control professionals. Comparison of HA-CDI incidence rates calculated by automated vs conventional surveillances were performed with χ2, incidence rate ratios, and linear regression. A subset of discordant cases was further investigated by reviewing medical records.

Results:
Overall, conventional surveillance reported 3,211 cases of HA-CDI for an incidence rate of 4.94 per 10,000 patient-days. Automated surveillance detected 4,708 cases, for an incidence rate of 7.24 per 10,000 patient-days (incidence rate ratio, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.40–1.53). Full concordance between both surveillance methods was observed in 62% of cases, while 34% of cases were detected only by automated surveillance, and 4% were detected by conventional surveillance only. Between 2013 and 2022, an identical declining trend in HA-CDI incidence rates of –0.54 cases per 10,000 patient-days was observed with both surveillance methods. A subset of 49 cases detected only by automated surveillance were reviewed; the main reasons for discrepancy were delayed testing (39%), colonization (24%), misclassifications (14%), and interinstitutional transfers (12%).

Conclusions:
HA-CDI incidence rates calculated by automated surveillance were higher than those of conventional surveillance, but the overestimation was consistent over time, suggesting that a correction factor could improve precision.
Behind the Books: Global Insights from Law Librarians
Authors: McArthur Michael , Wooldridge Julie M. 
Published: February 2025

This column was born out of curiosity and community. Inspired by the many conversations and shared experiences of colleagues and friends at gatherings of the International Association of Law Libraries (IALL) and other law library organizations around the world, it seeks to explore the ever-evolving roles we play in the legal community.
Dynamic ethical capabilities in place and in time
Authors: Knapp Joshua R. , Namada Juliana M. , Dougan William 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Extant theory proposes that stakeholders reward organizations that behave ethically and punish those that don’t. Taken at face value, this dynamic implies that organizations prioritizing ethical concerns should have competitive advantages augmenting performance. Unfortunately, hoped-for advantages often fail to materialize. Examining this difficult reality, we explore how pluralistic ethical standards manifest in ways that are not obvious because they are often locally and temporally attached to stakeholder groups. Further, we adopt a resource-based view of organizations and draw on literature related to dynamic capabilities and stakeholder theories to argue that ethics-related organization-level behavior can only lead to sustainable competitive advantages when there is continued competence across present and future-oriented systems. As a whole, our work provides a useful theoretical framework for addressing the pragmatic difficulties associated with enacting universal ethical principles in unique situations.
Family child care home providers’ perceived difficulty in serving vegetables to children: findings from a multi-method study
Authors: Hasnin Saima , Dev Dipti A. , Hillburn Carly , Sisson Susan B. , Tovar Alison 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The study aims to identify family child care home (FCCH) setting- and environment-level predictors related to providers’ perceived difficulty in implementing the Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) recommendations for serving vegetables to children. This was a cross-sectional study, which used a validated paper-based survey with a multi-method data analysis approach. Participants were licenced FCCH providers (N = 943) in Nebraska, who were predominantly White (94%), non-Hispanic (97%), CACFP-participants (89%), and in urban areas (64%). Reflective latent variable modelling was conducted in Mplus to explore associations between dependent variable and predictors. Dependent variable was providers’ perceived difficulty to implement CACFP recommendations for serving vegetables. Predictors were providers’ mealtime practices, perceived barriers to serve healthy foods, CACFP participation, geographic location, food access, food insecurity, and child poverty. Qualitative comments (n=122) from the survey were analysed using direct content analysis approach. Providers’ perceived lack of time to prepare foods and perceived children’s taste preferences increased their perceived difficulty; and CACFP-participation decreased their perceived difficulty to implement CACFP recommendations for serving vegetables. Qualitative comments highlighted that providers felt discouraged to serve vegetables knowing that vegetables would likely be wasted because of children’s preferences. More tailored professional development is required to address FCCH providers’ perceived difficulty and build providers’ skills on preparing time saving, CACFP-reimbursable and appealing vegetable recipes, and on strategies to promote vegetable consumption in children.
EIGENPERIODS AND THE MODULI OF POINTS IN THE LINE
Authors: DENG HAOHUA , GALLARDO PATRICIO 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We study the period map of configurations of n points on the projective line constructed via a cyclic cover branching along these points. By considering the decomposition of its Hodge structure into eigenspaces, we establish the codimension of the locus where the eigenperiod map is still pure. Furthermore, we show that the period map extends to the divisors of a specific moduli space of weighted stable rational curves, and that this extension satisfies a local Torelli map along its fibers.
Parental income moderates the influence of genetic dispositions on political interest in adolescents
Authors: Jungkunz Sebastian , Marx Paul 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The political involvement of adolescents is characterized by a substantial socioeconomic gradient already at a young age with enduring effects into adulthood. This study investigates whether high parental income creates an enhancing environment that increases the influence of genetic dispositions on political interest using the German TwinLife study (2014–2020, age 10–29, n = 6,174, 54% female, 19% migration background). While 30–40% of the total variance in political interest of twin adolescents (age 10–18) can be attributed to genetic influences, a gene–environment interaction model shows that this share is much lower among poor compared to rich families. Family fixed-effects models among early adults further show no significant effect of income differences on political interest after controlling for family background and genetic influences. This study suggests that the income gap in political participation cannot be fully understood without accounting for life cycle processes and genetic background.
Microseismicity in the Large‐N Swath‐D Network: Revealing Seismic Sequences and Active Faults in the Eastern Alps
Authors: Petersen Gesa M. , Hofman Laurens J. , Kummerow Jörn , Cesca Simone 
Published: February 2025

AbstractUniformly spaced large‐N seismic networks like the Swath‐D (2017–2019), a densified part of the AlpArray initiative, provide unmatched opportunities to study microseismic activity and fault structures. Here, we show how the combined analysis of spatially and temporally clustered seismicity, precise relocations, waveform‐based clustering, and moment tensor solutions for 67 earthquakes (1.13.3) help to characterize the heterogeneous study region in the south‐eastern Alps. We observe a strong zonation, with clustered microseismicity predominantly in the SE and NW parts of the study area. The identified sequences indicate a dominance of swarms in the NW compared to more mainshock‐aftershock sequences in the SE, while both sequence types can occur in both regions. We identify multiple short faults in the NW with lengths of a few hundred meters, and distinguish two close fault structures activated in one sequence based on waveform similarity and focal mechanisms. Compared to predominant thrust faulting in the SE, normal and strike‐slip faulting in the NW points to high regional complexity, with local stresses deviating from simple expectations of thrust faulting resulting from the Europe‐Adria convergence. We find that zones of increased microseismic activity match zones of high P wave attenuation from a recent Qp model developed in the AlpArray initiative (Jozi Najafabadi et al., 2023, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623‐023‐01942‐0), supporting our interpretations of spatiotemporal patterns concerning crustal properties and tectonic activity. Our findings agree well with the occurrence of large historical earthquakes while simultaneously shedding light on much smaller seismogenic features.
Using an Explainable Machine Learning Approach to Produce High‐Resolution Hourly Precipitation Estimates for a Typical Data‐Deficiency Basin
Authors: Lyu Yi , Yong Bin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHigh‐resolution hourly precipitation estimates are of vital importance to the hydrological forecast at the basin scale. However, it is still a substantial challenge for data‐deficiency regions to obtain high‐quality precipitation estimates owing to limited ground observations and spatial distributions. In this study, we combined the machine learning technique and an improved side‐scaling algorithm to produce a high‐resolution (1/30°) hourly precipitation data set for a typical lack‐data basin. The proposed approach merges multi‐source information from FY‐4A satellite retrievals, rain gauges, and some precipitation‐related auxiliary variables including temperature, dew point temperature, surface pressure, and soil moisture. Compared to existing mainstream precipitation products, the new merging product DDP‐HAYR demonstrates a distinct advantage in improving detection skills and estimation accuracy of precipitation, particularly in capturing extreme rainfall events, at the hourly scale. Additionally, an explainable Artificial Intelligence (AI) model was employed to quantitatively assess the contributions of input variables to the final precipitation estimates. The integration of both causal and resultant variables (i.e., atmospheric and surface conditions), as demonstrated by the explainable AI model, effectively compensated for the limitations of infrared satellite precipitation products in retrieving extreme precipitation. This novel perspective shows the ability of the machine‐learning model to grasp the mechanisms of precipitation generation and dissipation by training multiple physically constrained variables. In summary, this study offers a typical case study for the hydrological community, which is an example to produce high‐resolution hourly precipitation estimates, which will substantially benefit the operational hydrological modeling, flood forecasting, and water resources monitoring with limited observation data.
A Curvature‐Based Framework for Automated Classification of Meander Bends
Authors: Lopez Dubon Sergio , Sgarabotto Alessandro , Lanzoni Stefano 
Published: February 2025

AbstractRiver meanders are one of the most recurrent and varied patterns in fluvial systems. Multiple attempts have been made to detect and categorize patterns in meandering rivers to understand their shape and evolution. A novel data‐driven approach was used to classify single‐bend meanders. A data set containing approximately 10 million single‐lobe meander bends was generated using the Kinoshita curve. A neural network autoencoder was trained over the curvature energy spectra of Kinoshita‐generated meanders. Then, the trained network was tested on 7521 real meander bends extracted from satellite images, and the energy spectrum in the meander curvature was reconstructed accurately thanks to the autoencoder architecture. The meander spectrum reconstruction was clustered, and three main bend shapes were found associated with the meander data sets, namely symmetric, upstream‐skewed, and downstream‐skewed. The autoencoder‐based classification framework allowed bend shape detection along rivers, finding the dominant pattern with implications on migration trends. The classification framework proposed in this study was used to analyze the morphological evolution of the Ucayali river over 32 years. The shift from prevalent downstream‐skewed to prevalent upstream‐skewed bends (or vice versa) after big cutoffs suggests a plausible transition from super‐resonant dominated to sub‐resonant dominated behavior (or the reverse). Overall, the method proposed opens the venue to data‐driven classifications to understand and manage meandering rivers. Bend shape classification can thus inform restoration and flood control practices and contribute to predicting meander evolution from satellite images or sedimentary records.
Ultra-low extracorporeal volume microfluidic leukapheresis is safe and effective in a rat model
Authors: Iqbal Mubasher , McLennan Alexandra L. , Mukhamedshin Anton , Dinh Mai T. P. , Liu Qisheng , Junco Jacob J. , Mohan Arvind , Srivaths Poyyapakkam R. , Rabin Karen R. , Fogarty Thomas P. , Gifford Sean C. , Shevkoplyas Sergey S. , Lam Fong W. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Leukapheresis is a potentially life-saving therapy for children with symptomatic hyperleukocytosis. However, the standard centrifugation-based approach exposes pediatric patients to significant complications due to its large extracorporeal volume, high flow rates, and considerable platelet loss. Here, we tested whether performing cell separation with a high-throughput microfluidic technology could alleviate these limitations. In vitro, our microfluidic devices removed ~85% of large leukocytes and ~90% of spiked leukemic blasts from undiluted human whole blood, while minimizing platelet losses. Multiplexed devices connected in parallel allowed for faster, clinically relevant flow rates in vitro with no difference in leukocyte collection efficiency. When connected to Sprague-Dawley rats, the devices removed large leukocytes with ~80% collection efficiency, reducing the leukocyte count in recirculating blood by nearly half after a 3-hour procedure. Evaluation of plasma biomarkers and end-organ histology revealed no adverse effects compared to sham control. Overall, our study suggests that microfluidics-based leukapheresis is safe and effective at selectively removing leukocytes from circulation, with separation performance sufficiently high to ultimately enable low extracorporeal volume leukapheresis in children.
Dissecting the properties of circulating IgG against streptococcal pathogens through a combined systems antigenomics-serology workflow
Authors: Gomez Toledo Alejandro , Chowdhury Sounak , Hjortswang Elisabeth , Sorrentino James T. , Lewis Nathan E. , Bläckberg Anna , Ekström Simon , Kjellström Sven , Izadi Arman , Olofsson Berit , Nordenfelt Pontus , Malmström Lars , Rasmussen Magnus , Malmström Johan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study showcases an integrative mass spectrometry-based strategy combining systems antigenomics and systems serology to characterize human antibodies in clinical samples. This strategy involves using antibodies circulating in plasma to affinity-enrich antigenic proteins in biochemically fractionated pools of bacterial proteins, followed by their identification and quantification using mass spectrometry. A selected subset of the identified antigens is then expressed recombinantly to isolate antigen-specific IgG, followed by characterization of the structural and functional properties of these antibodies. We focused on Group A streptococcus (GAS), a major human pathogen lacking an approved vaccine. The data shows that both healthy and GAS-infected individuals have circulating IgG against conserved streptococcal proteins, including toxins and virulence factors. The antigenic breadth of these antibodies remains relatively constant across healthy individuals but changes considerably in GAS bacteremia. Moreover, antigen-specific IgG analysis reveals individual variation in titers, subclass distributions, and Fc-signaling capacity, despite similar epitope and Fc-glycosylation patterns. Finally, we show that GAS antibodies may cross-react with Streptococcus dysgalactiae (SD), a bacterial pathogen that occupies similar niches and causes comparable infections. Collectively, our results highlight the complexity of GAS-specific antibody responses and the versatility of our methodology to characterize immune responses to bacterial pathogens.
Viral and immune profiles during the first wave of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized patients in Sardinia, Italy
Authors: Venturi Giulietta , Gallinaro Alessandra , Fortuna Claudia , Pirillo Maria Franca , Scoglio Arianna , Di Carlo Beatrice , Marsili Giulia , Michelini Zuleika , Amendola Antonello , Carocci Alberto , Dispinseri Stefania , Borghi Martina , Canitano Andrea , Falce Chiara , Zappitelli Alice , Scarlatti Gabriella , Lixi Maria Luisa , Aste Alessandra , Masala Laura , Baroncelli Silvia , Cara Andrea , Negri Donatella 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We performed a retrospective immunological analysis of the antibody response in serum and in nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) obtained from 46 individuals infected with ancestral SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 strain during the first COVID-19 wave in Cagliari (Sardinia, Italy), with a 4-month follow-up after the hospital admission. We implemented a comprehensive antibody response in serum and in mucosal samples using assays established in our laboratories. In NPS we evaluated the viral load by real time PCR, presence and kinetics of anti-Spike IgG and IgA by ELISA as well as their anti-Wuhan neutralization activity, showing induction and persistence of anti-viral immunity at the mucosal level. Neutralizing antibodies were measured in serum and NPS using a safe pseudovirus-based assay validated after comparison with a standard neutralization test using live SARS-CoV-2. We evaluated cross-neutralizing antibodies against all the major early variants of concerns (VoC) in sera. Of note, we detected a remarkable reduction of neutralizing activity against BA.1 compared to BA.2 and BA.5 Omicron subvariants, which was confirmed in sera from an analogous cohort of patients at the San Raffaele hospital in Milan, a geographically distant region of Italy, infected with the ancestral virus during the same period of time.