bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectrum of ocular disease in children aged between 0 and 3 years at an Australian paediatric tertiary hospital
Authors: Lo‐Cao Edward , Crofts Stephanie , Geering Katie , Jamieson Robyn V. , Grigg John R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundChildhood ocular disease can be a significant health burden to the child, family and society. Previous studies have examined the spectrum of paediatric ocular disease presenting to tertiary hospitals; however, these studies have broader age ranges, smaller sample sizes, and are largely based in developing countries. This study aims to assess the spectrum of ocular disease in the first 3 years of life presenting to the eye department of an Australian tertiary paediatric hospital.MethodsThe records of 3337 children who had their initial presentation at the eye clinic between the age of 0 and 36 months were reviewed, spanning 6.5 years from 1st July 2012 to 31st December 2018.ResultsThe most common primary diagnoses overall were strabismic amblyopia (6.0%), retinopathy of prematurity (5.0%) and nasolacrimal duct obstruction (4.5%). Bilateral visual impairment was more common in younger children, while unilateral visual impairment was more common in older children. The proportion of all children presenting with visual impairment was 10.3%, with 5.7% of all children presenting with bilateral visual impairment and 4.6% presenting with unilateral visual impairment. In children with visual impairment, the most common sites of primary abnormality were lens (21.4%), retina (17.3%), and cerebral and visual pathways (12.1%). The most common primary diagnoses in children with visual impairment were cataract (21.4%), strabismic amblyopia (9.3%) and retinoblastoma (6.5%).ConclusionsThe spectrum of eye disease and vision impairment presenting in the first 3 years of life facilitates health care planning, greater community education about vision impairment and importance of early intervention, and guidance for appropriate resource allocation. Health systems can apply these findings to aid in early identification and intervention to reduce preventable blindness and institute appropriate rehabilitation services.
Lin−PU.1dimGATA‐1− defines haematopoietic stem cells with long‐term multilineage reconstitution activity
Authors: Xu Haoyu , Tan Shaojing , Zhao Yu , Zhang Lin , Cao Weiyun , Li Xing , Tian Jiayi , Wang Xiaojing , Li Xiaoyan , Wang Fengchao , Cao Jiani , Zhao Tongbiao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDespite extensive characterization of the state and function of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), the use of transcription factors to define the HSC population is still limited. We show here that the HSC population in mouse bone marrow can be defined by the distinct expression levels of Spi1 and Gata1. By using a double fluorescence knock‐in mouse model, PGdKI, in which the expression levels of PU.1 and GATA‐1 are indicated by the expression of GFP and mCherry, respectively, we uncover that the HSCs with lymphoid and myeloid repopulating activity are specifically enriched in a Lin−PU.1dimGATA‐1− (LPG) cell subset. In vivo competitive repopulation assays demonstrate that bone marrow cells gated by LPG exhibit haematopoietic reconstitution activity which is comparable to that of classical Lin−Sca1+c‐kit+ (LSK). The integrated analysis of single‐cell RNA sequence data from LPG and LSK‐gated cells reveals that a transcriptional network governed by core TFs contributes to regulation of HSC multipotency. These discoveries provide new clues for HSC characterization and functional study.
Prevalence and trends for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children living with cerebral palsy: A birds‐eye view
Authors: Martin Tanya , McIntyre Sarah , Waight Emma , Baynam Gareth , Watson Linda , Langdon Katherine , Woolfenden Susan , Smithers‐Sheedy Hayley , Sherwood Juanita ,   ACPR Birds‐Eye View Group
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimTo provide a birds‐eye view of the trends of cerebral palsy (CP) for Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and young adults.MethodData were obtained for this population‐based observational study from the Australian Cerebral Palsy Register (ACPR), birth years 1995 to 2014. The Indigenous status of children was classified by maternal Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander or non‐Indigenous status. Descriptive statistics were calculated for socio‐demographic and clinical characteristics. Prenatal/perinatal and post‐neonatal birth prevalence was calculated per 1000 live births and per 10 000 live births respectively, and Poisson regression used to assess trends.ResultsData from the ACPR were available for 514 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander individuals with CP. Most children could walk independently (56%) and lived in urban or regional areas (72%). One in five children lived in socioeconomically disadvantaged remote/very remote areas. The birth prevalence of prenatal/perinatal CP declined after the mid‐2000s from a high of 4.8 (95% confidence interval 3.2–7.0) to 1.9 per 1000 live births (95% confidence interval 1.1–3.2) (2013–2014), with marked declines observed for term births and teenage mothers.InterpretationThe birth prevalence of CP in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in Australia declined between the mid‐2000s and 2013 to 2014. This birds‐eye view provides key stakeholders with new knowledge to advocate for sustainable funding for accessible, culturally safe, antenatal and CP services.What this paper adds

Birth prevalence of cerebral palsy (CP) is beginning to decline for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders.
Recent CP birth prevalence for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders is 1.9 per 1000 live births.
Most children with CP live in more populated areas rather than remote or very remote areas.
One in five Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children with CP live in socioeconomically disadvantaged remote areas.
Clinical functional outcome measures for children with cerebral palsy after gait corrective orthopaedic surgery: A scoping review
Authors: Fong Maxine M. , Gibson Noula , Williams Sian A. , Jensen Lynn 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimTo identify the most frequently reported non‐instrumented measures of gait, activity, and participation in children with cerebral palsy (CP) after undergoing gait corrective orthopaedic surgery.MethodFour databases were searched from database inception to the 9th December 2021 for studies that evaluated functional outcomes for children with CP under 18 years undergoing gait corrective orthopaedic surgery.ResultsOf 547 citations, 44 publications (n = 3535 participants,n = 1789 males, mean age 10 years 5 months [SD = 3 years 3 months], Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I–III at the time of surgery) were eligible for inclusion. Fourteen different outcome measures were used: one measure of gait, 10 measures of activity, and three measures of participation. Gait was measured with the Edinburgh Visual Gait Scale (EVGS; 4 out of 44). The most common activity and participation measures were the Functional Mobility Scale (FMS; 15 out of 44) and Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (11 out of 44) respectively. No studies reported a combination of gait, activity, and participation measures.InterpretationThe EVGS and FMS should be considered as core outcome measures in gait corrective orthopaedic surgery, while a measure of participation is unclear. Additional considerations for developing a comprehensive suite of outcomes include identifying a combination of clinical measures and performance‐reflective questionnaires that are standardized for children with CP undergoing surgery and meaningful to clinicians and families.
Corporate culture and IPOs
Authors: Cumming Douglas J. , Meles Antonio , Sampagnaro Gabriele , Verdoliva Vincenzo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study documents corporate culture at the time of initial public offering (IPO) and the relationship between corporate culture at the time of IPO and firm financial performance. Based on a sample of 1157 US firms that went public between 1996 and 2011 and performance information through 2016, the data provide strong evidence that regional culture, industry characteristics, and pre‐IPO financing play key roles in explaining a firm's cultural orientation. Moreover, the data indicate that IPO firms with a highly competition‐ and creation‐oriented culture experience higher profitability and less risk of financial distress than other IPO firms.
Effects of alcohol problem discrepancy on relationship adjustment: The moderating role of conflict negotiation among couples with alcohol use disorder and intimate partner violence
Authors: Flanagan Julianne C. , Leone Ruschelle M. , Melkonian Alexander J. , Jarnecke Amber M. , Hogan Jasara N. , Massa Andrea A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlcohol use disorder (AUD) has well‐known negative effects on romantic relationship functioning, including the occurrence of intimate partner violence (IPV). A separate literature focused on community couples indicates that relationship functioning is more likely to suffer when partners report greater discrepancies in alcohol consumption. It is important to expand this literature to couples with AUD and to examine the role of impactful AUD domains in dyadic functioning. Furthermore, few studies have examined adaptive, treatment‐malleable factors that could potentially offset the negative impact of alcohol discrepancies on relationship functioning. This study examined the association between couples' alcohol problem discrepancies and relationship adjustment, as well as the moderating effect of self‐reported adaptive conflict negotiation behaviors. Participants were 100 couples (N = 200 individual participants) with intimate partner violence wherein at least one partner met diagnostic criteria for AUD. Actor‐Partner Interdependence Models indicated that greater alcohol problem discrepancy was associated with lower dyadic adjustment. Moderation analyses revealed that the highest level of relationship adjustment was observed among couples with lower alcohol problem discrepancy and greater negotiation behaviors, while relationship adjustment was similar for couples with larger alcohol problem discrepancy, regardless of negotiation behaviors. Although further study is needed to clarify under what specific conditions adaptive negotiation behaviors are most helpful, they appear to be beneficial for some couples in this sample. We found no evidence that negotiation behaviors may be harmful among these high‐risk couples.
Regional and global climate risks for reef corals: Incorporating species‐specific vulnerability and exposure to climate hazards
Authors: Kim Sun W. , Sommer Brigitte , Beger Maria , Pandolfi John M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractClimate change is driving rapid and widespread erosion of the environmental conditions that formerly supported species persistence. Existing projections of climate change typically focus on forecasts of acute environmental anomalies and global extinction risks. The current projections also frequently consider all species within a broad taxonomic group together without differentiating species‐specific patterns. Consequently, we still know little about the explicit dimensions of climate risk (i.e., species‐specific vulnerability, exposure and hazard) that are vital for predicting future biodiversity responses (e.g., adaptation, migration) and developing management and conservation strategies. Here, we use reef corals as model organisms (n = 741 species) to project the extent of regional and global climate risks of marine organisms into the future. We characterise species‐specific vulnerability based on the global geographic range and historical environmental conditions (1900–1994) of each coral species within their ranges, and quantify the projected exposure to climate hazard beyond the historical conditions as climate risk. We show that many coral species will experience a complete loss of pre‐modern climate analogs at the regional scale and across their entire distributional ranges, and such exposure to hazardous conditions are predicted to pose substantial regional and global climate risks to reef corals. Although high‐latitude regions may provide climate refugia for some tropical corals until the mid‐21st century, they will not become a universal haven for all corals. Notably, high‐latitude specialists and species with small geographic ranges remain particularly vulnerable as they tend to possess limited capacities to avoid climate risks (e.g., via adaptive and migratory responses). Predicted climate risks are amplified substantially under the SSP5‐8.5 compared with the SSP1‐2.6 scenario, highlighting the need for stringent emission controls. Our projections of both regional and global climate risks offer unique opportunities to facilitate climate action at spatial scales relevant to conservation and management.
The global biogeography of reef morphology
Authors: Lutzenkirchen Lucas L. , Duce Stephanie J. , Bellwood David R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimThe Caribbean and Indo‐Pacific are separate biogeographical realms with distinct biogeographical and evolutionary histories, a 10‐fold difference in biodiversity, and highly disparate sea‐level histories. Since reef morphology often reflects interactions between biological activity and biogeographical history, including sea levels, the widths of shallow coral reef habitats are likely to differ markedly between realms, with ramifications for numerous ecosystem functions. Our goal, therefore, was to assess the impact of global‐scale biogeographical and evolutionary histories on coral reef habitats. Specifically, are Indo‐Pacific reefs wider than their Caribbean counterparts?LocationGlobal.Time PeriodModern.Major Taxa StudiedCoral reefs.MethodsWe used the Allen Coral Atlas, a global reef mapping system (3 m pixel resolution), to examine 3765 transects, 3 km long and 1 km apart, on 60 reefs across the two realms, quantifying shallow reef habitat widths (Inner and Outer Reef Flat, and Reef Crest) using ArcGIS.ResultsShallow reef habitat widths were strikingly similar between the Caribbean and Indo‐Pacific. Estimated modal widths diverged by just 37 m; means by just 122 m. Although shallow reef zones appeared to be wider in the Indo‐Pacific, habitat widths on atolls were almost identical across realms (means varying by less than 8 m).Main ConclusionsOur remote sensing approach provides a global description of the biogeography of coral reefs as biogenic structures. Furthermore, we can assess the relative importance of realm‐wide differences in coral diversity and sea‐level history on reef growth. The striking similarity of reef widths across realms suggests that reef growth (net reef accretion) is largely independent of coral diversity, or sea‐level history, and that other factors may have played a major role in constraining shallow reef widths. These factors may include geomorphology (e.g. antecedent topography and historical accommodation space) and, once at sea level, self‐limiting local hydrodynamics.
Translating German Emperors: A Staufen–Sicilian Synthesis under Henry VI?
Authors: Byrne Philippa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Staufen conquest of the Kingdom of Sicily in 1194 can be understood as the violent destruction of a sophisticated and cosmopolitan Norman kingdom and its replacement by a new dynasty with starkly different cultural and political models. Indeed, many contemporary authors decried the brutality associated with Henry VI's conquest. This article considers the other side of the coin by examining the evidence for attempts to integrate Henry VI into the local models associated with the previous monarchy. Despite the limited survival of evidence, there is reason to think that Staufen administrators deliberately continued and cultivated the ceremonies and traditions associated with the Norman Hauteville crown. Moreover, Sicilian elites had meaningful incentives to help translate between Norman and Staufen cultures. Finally, this article examines how a language of Staufen imperial authority could be blended with traditions of Norman rule.
DĒMOKRATIA'S POSSIBLE DISCONNECTION: UNTIMELY ANTIQUITY, TEMPORAL OUTSIDENESS, AND HISTORICAL FUTURES OF POLITICS*
Authors: LIANERI ALEXANDRA 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTThis article discusses notions of possible disconnection in the post‐1990s political present that are formulated as untimely articulations of the ancient Greek democratic past and of the concept of dēmokratia. These are modalities of transition that foreground political futurity as emanating neither from anticipation of evental change to come nor from abstract utopianism. Rather, dēmokratia’s projected break with the present and presentism is grounded in transtemporal confrontations and routes of historical memory. These are engagements with antiquity that take hold of and refigure the relation among past, present, and future politics, as well as the inside and outside of democracy, at a horizon of Nachleben (afterlife) that sustains no fixed beginning or end. I discuss these temporalities as disconnective in a sense that differs from historical futures opened up by technoscientific or anthropocenic prospects. Dēmokratia challenges the self‐narration of present democracy as a project of the future by positing modalities of outsideness, repotentialization of the past, and interweaving of times and political languages in non‐narrative terms. The outcome is a form of futurity that opens up the possibility of imagining not only a novel political subject and community but also a logic of their emergence that enables both to be incessantly reconfigured. Dēmokratia’s possible disconnection works against a sense of lost political futurity, but it needs to be recognized as grounded in a state of loss, insofar as political domination may also be built into future democratic principles. For this reason, it invites a reflexive problematic about the representability and translatability of disconnective political futures and communities.
Three‐dimensional starch‐based scaffold decorated with 64S bio‐glass for accelerating rat model bone defect repair
Authors: Soltani Mohammad , Alizadeh Parvin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractStarch (ST)‐based scaffold consists of aloe vera (AV) and 64S bioactive glass (BG) reinforced with quail egg shell powder (QE) was successfully fabricated through freeze‐drying technique. Scaffolds revealed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, forming inhibition zones of 12.64–16.23 mm. Collagen I and Runt‐related transcription factor 2 expressions as early‐stage osteogenic differentiation markers were reported to be in the ranges of 34.11% ± 1.46% to 69.47% ± 1.64% and 34.31% ± 2.43% to 71.47% ± .94%, respectively. Moreover, the in vivo expression of osteopontin after 4 weeks of implantation was 25.39% ± 2.92%/500 μm for the blank group and 56.68% ± 4.09%/500 μm for the scaffold group, respectively. Moreover, new bone formation and proliferation of collagen fibers were observed in the scaffold group. Obtained results revealed that AV incorporated ST‐BG‐QE scaffold can be considered a promising candidate for bone tissue repair.
Effects of ohmic heat processing and ascorbic acid on antioxidant compounds and colour of red‐fleshed dragon (Hylocereus polyrhizus) fruit juice during storage
Authors: Doan Nhu Khue , Nguyen Thi Huong , Le Nhat Tam , Pham Minh Tuan , Phan Thuy Xuan Uyen , Lai Quoc Dat , Le Thi Kim Phung 
Published: May 2023

SummaryRed‐fleshed dragon fruit is a promising source of antioxidants and natural colour compounds. This study examined the effects of ohmic heating (OH) and ascorbic acid addition on total phenolic content (TPC), betacyanin (BC), antioxidant activity and colour changes in the juice during storage. The juice was treated from 20 to 85 °C and stabilised at 85 °C for 60 s by OH at 60 Hz and 30 V cm−1. The treated samples were stored at 4 °C in dark bottles for 8 weeks, and BC, TPC, antioxidant activity and colour were determined weekly. After 1 week of storage, there was no degradation of TPC or BC (P > 0.05). However, after 8 weeks of storage, BC decreased by 47%, TPC decreased by 60% and antioxidant activity decreased by 39% in the OH juice. The colour changes of the juice during the 8‐week storage period were strongly correlated with the BC (r (correlation coefficient) > 0.98). A comparison of the OH process with conventional heating (CH) showed that OH resulted in less degradation to BC, TPC and antioxidant activity than CH. OH is a suitable technology for processing red‐fleshed dragon fruit juice. Adding 0.25% AA to the juice helped reduce changes in colour, BC, TPC and antioxidant activity (P < 0.05).
Chemical vapor deposition of ordered structures in YAG–alumina eutectic system
Authors: Mitsuhashi Yuri , Matsumoto Shogen , Ito Akihiko 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe eutectic structure of metals and ceramics is the result of a self‐organization phenomenon in which multiple solid phases solidify with an ordered structure from a liquid phase. Hence, a melt‐solidification process was the only way to generate ordered structures in a ceramic eutectic system. Here, we prepared ordered structures of Y3Al5O12 (YAG)–Al2O3 composites via chemical vapor deposition in the YAG–Al2O3 eutectic system. Spatially periodic YAG rod and lamellar structures were generated in an alumina matrix homoepitaxially grown on the sapphire substrates on the Al2O3‐rich side of the eutectic composition, whereas α‐Al2O3 rod and lamellar structures were generated in a YAG matrix on the Y2O3‐rich side. The results reveal that the pattern formation of ordered structures in a ceramic eutectic system can occur not only during in the melt‐solidification process but also during the vapor deposition process. The Ce3+‐doped YAG–Al2O3 composite film converts some of the blue light into yellow light, allowing some of it to pass through, and emitting white light. The Eu3+‐doped YAG–Al2O3 composite film can be utilized as a scintillation screen for a high‐resolution X‐ray imaging test to see though a semiconductor storage device.