bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High risk of rehospitalization within 1 year following a pulmonary embolism—insights from the Danish nationwide registries from 2000–2020
Authors: Sindet-Pedersen Caroline , El-Chouli Mohamad , Nouhravesh Nina , Lamberts Morten , Christensen Daniel Mølager , Kümler Thomas , Lock Morten , Grove Erik Lerkevang , Holt Anders , Schou Morten , Gislason Gunnar , Butt Jawad Haider , Strange Jarl Emanuel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Aim
To identify the absolute risk, causes, and factors associated with rehospitalization within 1 year of discharge with a pulmonary embolism (PE).

Methods and results
Using the Danish nationwide registries, all patients admitted with a first-time PE between 2000 and 2020 and discharged alive were included. Subsequent hospitalizations were categorized and crude cumulative incidences were used to estimate the absolute risk (AR) of any rehospitalization and specific causes of rehospitalizations. Risk factors for rehospitalization were investigated using cause specific Cox regression models.
A total of 55 201 patients were identified. The median age of the study population was 70 years (inter quartile range: 59;79), and the most prevalent comorbidities were cancer (29.3%) and ischemic heart disease (12.7%). The 1-year AR of any rehospitalization after discharge with a PE was 48.6% (95% confidence interval (CI); 48.2%–48.8%). The most common cause for being rehospitalized was due to respiratory disease [1-year AR: 9.5% (95% CI: 9.3%–9.8%)], followed by cardiovascular disease [1-year AR: 6.3% (95% CI: 5.9%–6.5%)], cancer [1-year AR: 6.0% (95% CI: 5.8%–6.4%)], venous thromboembolism [1-year AR: 5.2% (95% CI: 5.0%–5.2%)], and symptom diagnoses [1-year AR: 5.2% (95% CI: 5.0%–5.4%)]. Factors that were associated with an increased risk of rehospitalization were cancer, liver disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, and immobilization.

Conclusion
Patients with PE have a high risk of rehospitalization, with almost half of patients being rehospitalized within 1 year. Identification of high-risk patients may help target interventions aiming at reducing the risk of rehospitalization.
The Null Result Penalty
Authors: Chopra Felix , Haaland Ingar , Roth Christopher , Stegmann Andreas 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We examine how the evaluation of research studies in economics depends on whether a study yielded a null result. Studies with null results are perceived to be less publishable, of lower quality, less important and less precisely estimated than studies with large and statistically significant results, even when holding constant all other study features, including the sample size and the precision of the estimates. The null result penalty is of similar magnitude among PhD students and journal editors. The penalty is larger when experts predict a large effect and when statistical uncertainty is communicated with p-values rather than standard errors. Our findings highlight the value of a pre-result review.
Effectiveness of adding a defibrillator with cardiac resynchronization therapy in heart failure according to the modified Model for End-stage Liver Disease-Albumin score
Authors: Cheng Sijing , Deng Yu , Huang Hao , Yu Yu , Niu Hongxia , Hua Wei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Current guidelines lack clear recommendations between the implantation of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) with defibrillator (CRT-D) and CRT with pacemaker (CRT-P). We hypothesized that modified model for end-stage liver disease score including albumin (MELD-Albumin score), could be used to select patients who may not benefit from CRT-D. We consecutively included patients with CRT-P or CRT-D implantation between 2010 and 2022. The primary endpoint was the composite of all-cause mortality or worsening heart failure. We performed multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression. We assessed the interaction between the MELD-Albumin score and the effect of adding a defibrillator with CRT.A total of 752 patients were included in this study, with 291 implanted CRT-P. During a median follow-up of 880 days, 205 patients reached the primary endpoint. MELD-Albumin score was significantly associated with the primary endpoint in the CRT-D group [HR 1.16 (1.09–1.24); P &lt; 0.001] but not in the CRT-P group [HR 1.03 (0.95–1.12); P = 0.49]. There was a significant interaction between the MELD-Albumin score and the effect of CRTD (P = 0.013). The optimal cut-off value of the MELD-Albumin score was 12. For patients with MELD-Albumin ≥ 12, CRT-D was associated with a higher occurrence of the primary endpoint [HR 1.99 (1.10–3.58); P = 0.02], whereas not in patients with MELD-Albumin &lt; 12 [HR 1.19 (0.83–1.70); P = 0.35). Our findings suggest that CRT-D is associated with an excess risk of composite clinical endpoints in HF patients with higher MELD-Albumin score.
Converted-wave reverse time migration imaging in subduction zone settings
Authors: Langer Leah , Pollitz Fred F , McGuire Jeffrey J 
Published: August 2023

SUMMARYWe use a newly developed 2-D elastic reverse time migration (RTM) imaging algorithm based on the Helmholtz decomposition to test approaches for imaging the descending slab in subduction zone regions using local earthquake sources. Our elastic RTM method is designed to reconstruct incident and scattered wavefields at depth, isolate constituent P- and S-wave components via Helmholtz decomposition, and evaluate normalized imaging functions that leverage dominant P and S signals. This method allows us to target particular converted-wave scattering geometries, for example incident S to scattered P, which may be expected to have dominant signals in any given data set. The method is intended to be applied to dense seismic array observations that adequately capture both incident and converted wavefields. We draw a direct connection between our imaging functions and the first-order contrasts in shear wave material properties across seismic discontinuities. Through tests on synthetic data using either S → P or P → S conversions, we find that our technique can successfully recover the structure of a subducting slab using data from a dense wide-angle array of surface stations. We also calculate images with a small-aperture array to test the impact of array geometry on image resolution and interpretability. Our results show that our imaging technique is capable of imaging multiple seismic discontinuities at depth, even with a small number of earthquakes, but that limitations arise when a small aperture array is considered. In this case, the presence of artefacts makes it more difficult to determine the location of seismic discontinuities.
Strategies of youth engagement in health promotion: listening sessions, task force participation, surveys and other strategies
Authors: Ingman Benjamin C , Maras Elly Q , Loecke Carla 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Youth engagement is often purported as a critical dimension of health promotion for young people, but the strategies used to facilitate this engagement are seldom evaluated or studied. This study explored the strategies used to engage youth in a strategic planning process to develop comprehensive health and wellness plans in 28 US school districts. Participating school districts conducted listening sessions, administered anonymous surveys, included youth on a district task force, and employed other strategies to engage youth. Following this initiative, semi-structured interviews were conducted with representatives from all school districts (n = 34) to enumerate the use of these strategies across districts and understand their perspectives related to the effectiveness and importance of these strategies for engaging youth in health promotion. The most prevalent strategy used by districts was listening sessions (27 districts; 564 youth), followed by including youth on the task force (19 districts; 39 youth), anonymous surveys (18 districts; 1988 youth) and other methods (5 districts). Interviewees clarified the benefits and challenges of each strategy and provided commentary on youth engagement for health promotion. The results stress the importance of building trusting relationships with youth, using multiple strategies to engage youth, and embodying an equity mindset throughout the development and implementation of youth engagement efforts.
Urban–rural differences in perceived environmental opportunities for physical activity: a 2002–2017 time-trend analysis in Europe
Authors: Moreno-Llamas Antonio , García-Mayor Jesús , De la Cruz-Sánchez Ernesto 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Urban–rural disparities in resources, services and facilities not only impact daily living conditions but also contribute to inequalities in physical activity, which may be associated with variations in basic public resources between urban and rural areas. This study aims to examine the evolution of perceived opportunities for physical activity in European urban and rural environments from 2002 to 2017 and their association with an active lifestyle. Data from four waves (2002, 2005, 2013 and 2017) of cross-sectional Eurobarometer surveys were collected (n = 101 373), and multilevel binomial logistic regressions were conducted. Firstly, the time trend of perceived opportunities for physical activity between urban and rural environments was explored, and secondly, the effect of urban–rural perceived opportunities on achieving an active lifestyle over the years was estimated. The findings revealed that individuals residing in rural settings encountered less opportunities to be physically active. Conversely, urban settings experienced an increase in perceived opportunities. The significance of health promotion through perceived physical activity opportunities lies in the increased likelihood of being physically active, regardless of place of residence or individual socioeconomic factors [in the area: odds ratio (OR) = 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.34–1.47; provided by local sport clubs: OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.23–1.35]. Modifying environmental aspects, such as enhancing the quantity, quality and accessibility of physical activity opportunities in both rural and urban areas, may lead to improved physical activity and health promotion, particularly among individuals who are more physically inactive.
In Vitro Comparison of Ulotaront (SEP-363856) and Ralmitaront (RO6889450): Two TAAR1 Agonist Candidate Antipsychotics
Authors: Ågren Richard , Betari Nibal , Saarinen Marcus , Zeberg Hugo , Svenningsson Per , Sahlholm Kristoffer 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Trace amine-associated receptor-1 (TAAR1) agonists have been proposed as potential antipsychotics, with ulotaront and ralmitaront having reached clinical trials. While ulotaront demonstrated efficacy in a recent Phase II trial, a corresponding study studies of ralmitaront failed to show efficacy as a monotherapy or as an adjunct to atypical antipsychotics. In addition to TAAR1 agonism, ulotaront is a partial agonist at the serotonin 1A receptor (5-HT1AR). However, little is known about ralmitaront.

Methods
We compared ulotaront and ralmitaront at TAAR1, 5-HT1AR, and dopamine D2 using luciferase complementation-based G protein recruitment, cAMP accumulation, and G protein–coupled inward rectifier potassium channel activation assays.

Results
Ralmitaront showed lower efficacy at TAAR1 in G protein recruitment, cAMP accumulation, and GIRK activation assays. Moreover, ralmitaront lacked detectable activity at 5-HT1AR and dopamine D2.

Conclusions
Compared with ulotaront, ralmitaront shows lower efficacy and slower kinetics at TAAR1 and lacks efficacy at 5-HT1AR. These data may be relevant to understanding differences in clinical profiles of these 2 compounds.
Elevated preoperative plasma D-dimer level was an independent prognostic factor for patients with PDAC after curative resection: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Zhifei Li , Yuexiang Liang , Shaofei Chang , Shuo Li , Hongwei Wang , Chuntao Gao 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective
In this study, the relationship between preoperative plasma D-dimer level and overall survival and recurrence free survival were evaluated in patients with curative resection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Methods
Preoperative plasma D-dimer level of 573 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma were collected. The univariate and multivariate Cox hazard models were used to identify independent variables associated with overall survival and recurrence free survival in this study. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to evaluate overall survival and recurrence free survival, and the differences between survival curves were analyzed using the Log-rank test. Continuous variables were presented as $\overline{x}\pm s$, parametric analysis was performed using t-test. Categorical variables were analyzed by means of the chi-square or Fisher’s exact test.

Results
Based on the analysis for the whole study, the results showed that patients in the elevated plasma D-dimer levels had a tendency to have an elder mean age (58.69 ± 8.32 years vs. 63.05 ± 8.44 years, P &lt; 0.001), larger tumour size ≥4 cm (P = 0.006), advanced T stage (P = 0.024), N stage (P = 0.041), Tumor, Node and Metastasis (TNM) stage (P = 0.029) and postoperative complications (P = 0.042) was more likely occurred. Besides, according to the results of Cox multivariate analysis, elevated preoperative plasma D-dimer level was an independent prognostic factor not only for overall survival (Hazard Ratio (HR):1.430, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) (1.163–1.759), P = 0.001) but also for recurrence free survival (HR:1.236, 95% CI (1.018–1.500), P = 0.032).

Conclusion
In our study, the elevated preoperative plasma D-dimer level may act as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival and recurrence free survival in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma after curative resection. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients with elevated preoperative plasma D-dimer level had a worse prognosis than those with normal plasma D-dimer level; and the elevated preoperative plasma D-dimer level may imply heavy tumour burden and provide supplementary information regarding disease status.
Evaluating the roughness dynamics of kefir biofilms grown on Amazon cupuaçu juice: a monofractal and multifractal approach
Authors: Matos Robert S , Pinto Erveton P , Pires Marcelo A , Ramos Glenda Q , Ţălu Ştefan , Lima Lucas S , da Fonseca Filho Henrique D 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the surface microtexture of kefir biofilms grown on Theobroma grandiflorum Shum (cupuaçu) juice using atomic force microscopy. Our goal was to investigate the unique monofractal and multifractal spatial patterns of these biofilms to complement the existing limited literature. The biofilms were prepared dispersing four different concentrations of kefir grains in cupuaçu juice. Our morphological analysis showed that the surface of the obtained biofilms is essentially formed by the presence of cupuaçu fibers and microorganisms like lactobacilli and yeast. The topographic height-based parameter analysis reveals that there is a dependence between surface roughness and the concentration of kefir grains used. The strongly anisotropic well-centralized topographical height distribution of the biofilms also exhibited a quasi-symmetrical and platykurtic pattern. The biofilms exhibit comparable levels of spatial complexity, surface percolation and surface homogeneity, which can be attributed to their similar topographic uniformity. This aspect was further supported by the presence of similar multifractality in the biofilms, suggesting that despite their varying topographic roughness, their vertical growth dynamics follow a similar pattern. Our findings demonstrate that the surface roughness of kefir biofilms cultivated on cupuaçu juice is influenced by the concentration of kefir grains in the precursor solution. However, this dependence follows a consistent pattern across different concentrations.
Graphical Abstract
Genomic alterations affecting tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and PD-L1 expression patterns in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Wang Han , Ding Xiao-Hong , Liu Cheng-Lin , Xiao Yi , Shui Ruo-Hong , Li Yan-Ping , Chen Chen , Yang Wen-Tao , Liu Suling , Chen Ce-Shi , Shao Zhi-Ming , Jiang Yi-Zhou 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) remain imperfect in predicting clinical outcomes of triple-negative breast cancer because outcomes do not always correlate with the expression of these biomarkers. Genomic and transcriptomic alterations that may contribute to the expression of these biomarkers remain incompletely uncovered.

Methods
We evaluated PD-L1 immunohistochemistry scores (SP142 and 28-8 assays) and TILs in our triple-negative breast cancer multiomics dataset and 2 immunotherapy clinical trial cohorts. Then, we analyzed genomic and transcriptomic alterations correlated with TILs, PD-L1 expression, and patient outcomes.

Results
Despite TILs serving as a decent predictor for triple-negative breast cancer clinical outcomes, exceptions remained. Our study revealed that several genomic alterations were correlated with unexpected events. In particular, PD-L1 expression may cause a paradoxical relationship between TILs and prognosis in certain patients. Consequently, we classified triple-negative breast cancers into 4 groups based on PD-L1 and TIL levels. The TIL-negative PD-L1–positive and TIL-positive PD-L1–negative groups were not typical “hot” tumors; both were associated with worse prognoses and lower immunotherapy efficacy than TIL-positive PD-L1–positive tumors. Copy number variation of PD-L1 and oncogenic signaling activation were correlated with PD-L1 expression in the TIL-negative PD-L1–positive group, whereas GSK3B-induced degradation may cause undetectable PD-L1 expression in the TIL-positive PD-L1–negative group. These factors have the potential to affect the predictive function of both PD-L1 and TILs.

Conclusions
Several genomic and transcriptomic alterations may cause paradoxical effects among TILs, PD-L1 expression, and prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer. Investigating and targeting these factors will advance precision immunotherapy for patients with this disease.
Crosstalk between ABA and ethylene in regulating stomatal behavior in tomato under high CO2 and progressive soil drying
Authors: Liang Kehao , Chen Xuefei , Liu Fulai 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations accompanied by intensifying drought markedly impact plant growth and physiology. This study aimed to explore the role of abscisic acid (ABA) in mediating the response of stomata to elevated CO2 (e[CO2]) and drought. Tomato plants with different endogenous ABA concentrations [Ailsa Craig (AC), the ABA-deficient mutant flacca, and ABA-overproducing transgenic tomato SP5] were grown in ambient (a[CO2], 400 μmol mol–1) and elevated (e[CO2],800 μmol mol–1) CO2 environments and subjected to progressive soil drying. Compared with a[CO2] plants, e[CO2] plants had significantly lower stomatal conductance in AC and SP5 but not in flacca. Under drought, e[CO2] plants had better water status and higher water use efficiency. e[CO2] promoted the accumulation of ABA in leaves of plants subjected to drought, which coincided with the up-regulation of ABA biosynthetic genes and down-regulation of ABA metabolic genes. Although the increase of ABA induced by drought in flacca was much less than in AC and SP5, flacca accumulated large amounts of ethylene, suggesting that in plants with ABA deficiency, ethylene might play a compensatory role in inducing stomatal closure during soil drying. Collectively, these findings improve our understanding of plant performance in a future drier and higher-CO2 environment.
Emotions: functions and significance for attitudes, behaviour, and communication
Authors: Dennison James 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Emotions are regularly cited as vital components of effective strategic communication. However, there is relatively little guidance about how emotions should be used. Eliciting emotions is key to persuasion because attitudes have a cognitive and emotive component, with predictable physiological outcomes that make messages more resonant and impactful on behaviour, supporting policy objectives. This article shows that communicators—in the field of migration and beyond—should choose their campaign’s emotional frame according to their desired physiological and behavioural reaction. This article applies the emotion schema of Plutchik to offer 32 separate emotions and their theorised physiological reactions, examples of stimuli, and behavioural societal effects. Furthermore, emotional outcomes can be altered via narratives, frames, personal-based messages, facial expressions and body language, aesthetics, ordering (‘emotional flow’), intensities, and combinations. Finally, the limits of emotion-based communication—not least the ‘appeal to emotion’ logical fallacy—and how to overcome those limits—grounding emotion-based communication in facts, values, identities, and efficacy—are considered. Emotion-based communication in the field of migration, although widely used, is largely untested so communicators should test different approaches but also can take lessons from fields such as corporate, health, and climate change communication.
Standing Tall: Do Height-Based Accountability Incentives Predict Artificial Increases in Measured Height Among Sailors in the U.S. Military?
Authors: Heissel Jennifer A , Healy Olivia J , Burke Ollieanna , Lopez Cristina 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The objective of this study was to investigate the changes in men’s and women’s measured height in response to weight gain above standards for the U.S. Navy and to quantify associated distortions in body mass index (BMI). We expected that some servicemembers would manipulate their measured height to comply with service standards.

Materials and Methods
The study was a retrospective observational study. The data were housed in the Person-Event Data Environment, an individual-level administrative registry from the United States Department of Defense. All participants were active-duty U.S. Navy sailors aged 21–50 during the years 2010–2019. The main outcomes were height and weight as recorded during twice-yearly physical fitness assessments and BMI calculated as: height in pounds × 703/(height in inches)2. We assessed whether weight gain above standards was associated with an increase in height at the subsequent height–weight assessment.

Results
Among the 489,020 sailors, individuals were nearly 1.5 times as likely to measure taller when they gained weight that put them above military height–weight standards as compared to those who continued to remain within standards. Men were more often out of standards and therefore their measured height increased during subsequent assessments more often than women. Increases in height depressed measures of BMI slightly.

Conclusions
Among U.S. sailors, taller height was correlated with surpassing height-based weight limits, where taller individuals were allowed to weigh more and still meet professional weight standards. Results underscore that current height–weight accountability standards may distort behavior, leading servicemembers to manipulate measurements rather than improve job-relevant fitness. Instead, greater reliance on fitness-based measures of health, such as fitness tests, may hold promise for upholding servicemember readiness. Our results highlight that when stakes are attached to a measure, individuals may work to raise their performance using strategies that are misaligned with the policy intent.