bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic and therapeutic practices in adult chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO)
Authors: Leerling A. T. , Clunie G. , Koutrouba E. , Dekkers O. M. , Appelman-Dijkstra N. M. , Winter E. M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) is a rare, and impactful auto-inflammatory bone disease occurring in children and adults. Clinical care for CNO is challenging, as the condition lacks validated classification criteria and evidence-based therapies. This study aimed to map the current diagnostic and therapeutic practices for CNO in adults, as a first step towards a standardized disease definition and future consensus treatment plans.

Methods
A primary survey was spread among global rheumatological/bone networks and 57 experts as identified from literature (May 2022), covering terminology, diagnostic tools (clinical, radiological, biochemical) and treatment steps. A secondary survey (sent to primary survey responders in August 2022) further queried key diagnostic features, treatment motivations, disease activity and treatment response monitoring.

Results
36 and 23 physicians completed the primary and secondary survey respectively. Diagnosis was mainly based on individual physician assessment, in which the combination of chronic relapsing-remitting bone pain with radiologically-proven osteitis/osteomyelitis, sclerosis, hyperostosis and increased isotope uptake on bone scintigraphy were reported indicative of CNO. Physicians appeared more likely to refer to the condition as synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome in the presence of joint and skin pathology. MRI was most frequently performed, and the preferred diagnostic test for 47%. X-rays were second-most frequently used, although considered least informative of all available tools. Typical imaging features reported were hyperostosis, osteitis, osteosclerosis, bone marrow edema, while degeneration, soft tissue calcification, and ankylosis were not regarded characteristic. Inflammation markers and bone markers were generally regarded unhelpful for diagnostic and monitoring purposes and physicians infrequently performed bone biopsies. Management strategies diverged, including indications for treatment, response monitoring and declaration of remission. Step-1 treatment consisted of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs/COX-2 inhibitors (83%). Common step 2–3 treatments were pamidronate, methotrexate, and TNF-a-inhibition (anti-TNFα), the latter two regarded especially convenient to co-target extra-skeletal inflammation in SAPHO syndrome. Overall pamidronate and anti-TNFα and were considered the most effective treatments.

Conclusions
Following from our survey data, adult CNO is a broad and insufficiently characterized disease spectrum, including extra-osseous features. MRI is the favoured imaging diagnostic, and management strategies vary significantly. Overall, pamidronate and anti-TNFα are regarded most successful. The results lay out current practices for adult CNO, which may serve as backbone for a future consensus clinical guideline.
Preschool-located influenza vaccination and influenza-like illness surveillance: an Italian pilot experience
Authors: Amendola Antonella , Borghi Elisa , Bianchi Silvia , Gori Maria , Fappani Clara , Barcellini Lucia , Forlanini Federica , Garancini Nicolò , Nava Chiara , Mari Alessandra , Sala Anna , Gasparini Chiara , Ottaviano Emerenziana , Colzani Daniela , Biganzoli Elia Mario , Tanzi Elisabetta , Zuccotti Gian Vincenzo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
We describe the first school-located influenza vaccination campaign with quadrivalent live-attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) among pre-school children in Italy, coupled with an innovative school-centred influenza-like illnesses (ILIs) surveillance using a self-sampling non-invasive saliva collection method.

Methods
The pilot study was proposed during the 2021/2022 influenza season to fifteen pre-schools in the Milan municipality. LAIV was offered directly in school to all healthy children without contraindications. ILI differential diagnosis was conducted by real-time RT-PCR for influenza A/B and SARS-CoV-2.

Results
Five pre-schools were involved in the pilot project and overall, 135 families (31.2%) participated in the study, adhering to both surveillance and vaccination; 59% of families had an immigrant background. No pupil experienced adverse reactions after vaccination. Nineteen saliva samples were collected from sixteen children (11.8%). Six samples (31.6%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2; none was positive for influenza A/B.

Conclusions
The participation in the immunisation campaign was good, considering possible absences due to COVID-19 pandemic, and the intranasal administration was well tolerated and helped to overcome parental hesitancy. Saliva sampling represented a useful tool to reduce children’s stress and increase parents’ compliance. The high participation of families with an immigrant background suggests that school-based interventions can represent an effective strategy to overcome socioeconomic and cultural barriers.
Quantum iterative reconstruction on a photon-counting detector CT improves the quality of hepatocellular carcinoma imaging
Authors: Graafen Dirk , Stoehr Fabian , Halfmann Moritz C. , Emrich Tilman , Foerster Friedrich , Yang Yang , Düber Christoph , Müller Lukas , Kloeckner Roman 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Excellent image quality is crucial for workup of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with liver cirrhosis because a signature tumor signal allows for non-invasive diagnosis without histologic proof. Photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT) can enhance abdominal image quality, especially in combination with a novel iterative reconstruction algorithm, quantum iterative reconstruction (QIR).
The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of different QIR levels on PCD-CT imaging of HCC in both phantom and patient scans.

Methods
Virtual monoenergetic images at 50 keV were reconstructed using filtered back projection and all available QIR levels (QIR 1–4). Objective image quality properties were investigated in phantom experiments. The study also included 44 patients with triple-phase liver PCD-CT scans of viable HCC lesions. Quantitative image analysis involved assessing the noise, contrast, and contrast-to-noise ratio of the lesions. Qualitative image analysis was performed by three raters evaluating noise, artifacts, lesion conspicuity, and overall image quality using a 5-point Likert scale.

Results
Noise power spectra in the phantom experiments showed increasing noise suppression with higher QIR levels without affecting the modulation transfer function. This pattern was confirmed in the in vivo scans, in which the lowest noise levels were found in QIR-4 reconstructions, with around a 50% reduction in median noise level compared with the filtered back projection images. As contrast does not change with QIR, QIR-4 also yielded the highest contrast-to-noise ratios. With increasing QIR levels, rater scores were significantly better for all qualitative image criteria (all p < .05).

Conclusions
Without compromising image sharpness, the best image quality of iodine contrast optimized low-keV virtual monoenergetic images can be achieved using the highest QIR level to suppress noise. Using these settings as standard reconstruction for HCC in PCD-CT imaging might improve diagnostic accuracy and confidence.
Dying at home: enablers and barriers
Authors: Dowd Anna , Davies Melanie , Short Sarah , Morrison Ruth , Spiller Cheryl , Carter Jill , Eastman Peter 
Published: July 2023

Background: According to the Grattan institute in 2014, 70% of Australians indicated a preference to die at home, however, only 14% of all deaths were at home. Aims: To identify how patients can be supported to die at home if that is their preference. Methods: A retrospective medical record audit of eligible Community Palliative Care (CPC) patients who indicated a wish to die at home was undertaken. Findings: Out of a total of 114 patients, 74% indicated a preference to die at home. Of these, 66% achieved a home death, and most lived with a carer. Enablers for home death included family support, regular nursing visits and equipment. People who attended an emergency department in their last month of life, lived alone or were undergoing oncological treatment were more likely to die elsewhere. Conclusion: A range of enablers and barriers to home death were found, with many of the enablers being factors that prevented hospital presentations.
The safety of one-stage versus two-stage approach to osseointegrated prosthesis for limb amputation
Authors: Banducci Ella , Al Muderis Munjed , Lu William , Bested Stephen R. 
Published: July 2023

AimsSafety concerns surrounding osseointegration are a significant barrier to replacing socket prosthesis as the standard of care following limb amputation. While implanted osseointegrated prostheses traditionally occur in two stages, a one-stage approach has emerged. Currently, there is no existing comparison of the outcomes of these different approaches. To address safety concerns, this study sought to determine whether a one-stage osseointegration procedure is associated with fewer adverse events than the two-staged approach.MethodsA comprehensive electronic search and quantitative data analysis from eligible studies were performed. Inclusion criteria were adults with a limb amputation managed with a one- or two-stage osseointegration procedure with follow-up reporting of complications.ResultsA total of 19 studies were included: four one-stage, 14 two-stage, and one article with both one- and two-stage groups. Superficial infection was the most common complication (one-stage: 38% vs two-stage: 52%). There was a notable difference in the incidence of osteomyelitis (one-stage: nil vs two-stage: 10%) and implant failure (one-stage: 1% vs two-stage: 9%). Fracture incidence was equivocal (one-stage: 13% vs two-stage: 12%), and comparison of soft-tissue, stoma, and mechanical related complications was not possible.ConclusionThis review suggests that the one-stage approach is favourable compared to the two-stage, because the incidence of complications was slightly lower in the one-stage cohort, with a pertinent difference in the incidence of osteomyelitis and implant failure.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2023;4(7):539–550.
Single-cell sequencing analysis reveals development and differentiation trajectory of Schwann cells manipulated by M. leprae
Authors: Ma Shanshan , Mi Zihao , Wang Zhenzhen , Sun Lele , Liu Tingting , Shi Peidian , Wang Chuan , Xue Xiaotong , Chen Wenjie , Wang Zhe , Yu Yueqian , Zhang Yuan , Bao Fangfang , Wang Na , Wang Honglei , Xia Qianqian , Liu Hong , Sun Yonghu , Zhang Furen 
Published: July 2023

Background
M. leprae preferentially infects Schwann cells (SCs) in the peripheral nerves leading to nerve damage and irreversible disability. Knowledge of how M. leprae infects and interacts with host SCs is essential for understanding mechanisms of nerve damage and revealing potential new therapeutic strategies.

Methodology/Principal findings
We performed a time-course single-cell sequencing analysis of SCs infected with M. leprae at different time points, further analyzed the heterogeneity of SCs, subpopulations associated with M. leprae infection, developmental trajectory of SCs and validated by Western blot or flow cytometry. Different subpopulations of SCs exhibiting distinct genetic features and functional enrichments were present. We observed two subpopulations associated with M. leprae infection, a stem cell-like cell subpopulation increased significantly at 24 h but declined by 72 h after M. leprae infection, and an adipocyte-like cell subpopulation, emerged at 72 h post-infection. The results were validated and confirmed that a stem cell-like cell subpopulation was in the early stage of differentiation and could differentiate into an adipocyte-like cell subpopulation.

Conclusions/Significance
Our results present a systematic time-course analysis of SC heterogeneity after infection by M. leprae at single-cell resolution, provide valuable information to understand the critical biological processes underlying reprogramming and lipid metabolism during M. leprae infection of SCs, and increase understanding of the disease-causing mechanisms at play in leprosy patients as well as revealing potential new therapeutic strategies.
Barriers and facilitators associated with implementing interventions to support oral anticancer agent adherence in academic and community cancer center settings
Authors: Muluneh Benyam , Muir Michele A. , Collins James Bernard , Proco Darrian , Mackler Emily , Leak Bryant Ashley , Wood William A. , Tilkens Michael , Reichard Jeffrey S. , Foster Matthew , Gatwood Justin , Wheeler Stephanie B. , Zullig Leah L. , Elston Lafata Jennifer 
Published: July 2023

Purpose
The goal of this study is to determine barriers and facilitators to the implementation of medication adherence interventions to support cancer patients taking novel, targeted oral anticancer agents (OAAs).

Methods
We conducted qualitative interviews using a semi-structured guide from the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). We used purposive sampling to identify clinicians (physicians, pharmacists, nurse practitioners, nurses) and administrators (leadership from medicine, pharmacy, and nursing) who delivered care and/or oversee care delivery for patients with chronic leukemia prescribed an OAA.

Results
A total of 19 individuals participated in an interview (12 clinicians and 7 administrators), with 10 primarily employed by an academic cancer center; 5 employed by the community cancer center; and 4 employed by the integrated health-system specialty pharmacy. Barriers identified included low awareness of adherence interventions, difficulty in adherence measurement, complexity of designing and implementing a structured adherence intervention, and competing priorities. Facilitators identified included support of hospital administrators, value for pharmacists, and willingness to embrace change. Participants also made recommendations moving forward including standardizing workflow, designating champions, iterating implementation strategies, and improving communication between clinicians and with patients.

Conclusion
Individual and system level factors were identified as determinants of implementation effectiveness of medication adherence interventions. A multidisciplinary advisory panel will be assembled to design comprehensive and actionable strategies to refine and implement a structured intervention to improve medication adherence in cancer patients.
Identifying the role of the reticulospinal tract for strength and motor recovery: A scoping review of nonhuman and human studies
Authors: Akalu Yonas , Frazer Ashlyn K. , Howatson Glyn , Pearce Alan J. , Siddique Ummatul , Rostami Mohamad , Tallent Jamie , Kidgell Dawson J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn addition to the established postural control role of the reticulospinal tract (RST), there has been an increasing interest on its involvement in strength, motor recovery, and other gross motor functions. However, there are no reviews that have systematically assessed the overall motor function of the RST. Therefore, we aimed to determine the role of the RST underpinning motor function and recovery. We performed a literature search using Ovid Medline, Embase, CINAHL Plus, and Scopus to retrieve papers using key words for RST, strength, and motor recovery. Human and animal studies which assessed the role of RST were included. Studies were screened and 32 eligible studies were included for the final analysis. Of these, 21 of them were human studies while the remaining were on monkeys and rats. Seven experimental animal studies and four human studies provided evidence for the involvement of the RST in motor recovery, while two experimental animal studies and eight human studies provided evidence for strength gain. The RST influenced gross motor function in two experimental animal studies and five human studies. Overall, the RST has an important role for motor recovery, gross motor function and at least in part, underpins strength gain. The role of RST for strength gain in healthy people and its involvement in spasticity in a clinical population has been limitedly described. Further studies are required to ascertain the role of the RST's role in enhancing strength and its contribution to the development of spasticity.
The End of Irony. Emotions and Criticism of Capitalism in the United States in the Global 1970s
Authors: Cottier Maurice 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The aim of this article is to explore an emotional divide within the critical discourse on capitalism in the United States in the period from the late 1950s to the 1970s. By using the examples of John Kenneth Galbraith and Robert Lekachman, the article shows how an older generation of liberal economists used irony and sarcasm to create an air of emotional distance and disengagement between the critic and the subject at hand. This mode corresponded with the emotional regime of “American cool.” In the late 1960s, however, a younger generation of radical economists started to intervene. The rhetoric of this group was distinctively more emotional. Although the younger generation of radicals, like the older liberals, mostly belonged to the white middle class, the new global identity made it possible to overcome the emotional restraints of “American cool” and enabled the use of emotions and affectedness as a discursive tool in the fight for social and economic justice at home. Yet, the fact that the radical emotionality was linked to the hope for revolutionary change made it difficult to make compromises and agree to less radical reforms.
Irreducible Ankle Fracture Dislocation Because of Tibialis Posterior and Flexor Digitorum Longus Tendon Entrapment in the Interosseous Membrane
Authors: Shon Hyun-Chul , Lim Eic-Ju , Yang Jae-Young 
Published: July 2023

Case:
We describe the case of a 63-year-old man with anterior ankle dislocation and fracture confirmed by x-ray. Postreduction x-ray and computed tomography (CT) revealed Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen/Orthopaedic Trauma Association (AO/OTA) type 44C3 and Lauge-Hansen pronation-external rotation–type ankle fractures.

Conclusion:
This was a rare case of ankle fracture dislocation because of entrapment of the tibialis posterior and flexor digitorum longus tendons in the interosseous membrane. Tendon entrapment should be suspected in cases of high-energy injuries, Weber type C fractures, Lauge-Hansen pronation-external rotation fractures, syndesmosis widening, and irreducible fractures using manual closed reduction. Fractures and soft tissues should be evaluated by changing the CT settings.
Identifying the Change of Seepage Field in Karst Aquifer under Tunnel Engineering: Insight from FEFLOW Modeling
Authors: Zhang Yunhui , Hu Xiangbo , Luo Huan , Liu Yang , Yao Rongwen , Duo Ji , Li Xiao , Huang Xun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Water inrush is one of the most serious phenomena threatening the safety of tunnel construction. The West Qinling 1# tunnel, as the major section of the Bailong River diversion project, traverses a complicated karst area and would be faced with a water inrush disaster. Based on geological and hydrogeological conditions, the Finite element subsurface flow system software is used to simulate and predict the development of the natural seepage field and dredging construction conditions of the seepage field on the West Qinling 1# tunnel area. The prediction results show that the groundwater level will drop up to 113.9 m under dredging construction conditions, with an impact radius of up to 11.5 km. Seepage field evolution and water influx were simulated under two conditions of construction plugging construction, respectively. The prediction results show that the groundwater level in the middle part of tunnel 1# is 112.68 m depth without blocking condition with an influence range of 10.5 km. The maximum water volume per unit length of the karst cave increases to 4.32 m3/d·m. In the plugging condition, the influencing scope does not significantly reduce, but the extent of the impact is greatly weakened. The groundwater level generally dropped at 10–25 m depth and the karst cave section unit length of the maximum water volume of 0.83 m3/d·m in the rainy season. The achievements of this study would provide a vital reference for the prevention of water inrush in karst tunnel construction.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Acceptance towards COVID-19 Vaccination among Health Care Workers in Mukalla city-YEMEN: an analytical cross-sectional study
Authors: Bnqadeem Aseel , Alsabban Mohammed , Bokir Khulod , Al-Ghazali Ruqaiah , Gaber Sarah Bin Ali , Balfaqih Sumaia , Marei Fatima Bin , Al-Amodi Fatima , Atash Sumaia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background

COVID-19 vaccination is one of the greatest public health interventions to reduce the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic. Yemen began on April 2021 to vaccinate healthcare workers for COVID-19 with the vaccine. However, the media's negative portrayal of vaccines safety and efficacy has led to concerns regarding the acceptance of the vaccine. Therefore, our study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes and acceptance towards COVID-19 Vaccination among HCWs in Mukalla city-Yemen.

Methods

An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted using convenience sampling method in Mukalla city among healthcare workers from April 2022 to May 2022. Data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire. A Chi-square test was used to assess the association between independent variables (demographic) and dependent variables (knowledge, attitude and acceptance). Correlation between knowledge and attitude levels with rate of acceptance was assessed using Pearson correlation coefficient.

Results

449 respondents were included in the final analysis, of which 237 (52.8%) were males and 212 (47.2%) were females, with a mean age ± SD of 31.0 ± 7.6 years. The overall results regarding knowledge, attitude, and acceptance rates of the COVID-19 vaccines were 65.3% 63.7% and 68.8% (with an efficacy of 90%), respectively. Acceptance was statistically associated with participants’ job, vaccination state, whether they were dealing with suspected cases of COVID-19 and their source of COVID-19 related information (p-value < 0.05). level of acceptance was moderately correlated with attitude level (r = 0.527).

Conclusion

Healthcare workers were found to have a moderate level of knowledge and attitude toward COVID-19 vaccination. However, acceptance rate was scaling down according to vaccine efficacy. Many demographic characteristics were significantly associated with acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination.