bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in the structure and function of the left ventricle in patients with gout: A study based on three‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography
Authors: Meng Yuanyuan , Ma Leiyuan , Zong Tingyu , Wang Zhibin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeStudies have shown that gout can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Three‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiography (3D‐STE), a sensitive imaging technology, enables the detection of subtle myocardial dysfunctions. Our aim is to evaluate the left ventricular (LV) functions in patients with gout using 3D‐STE.Methods80 subjects: 40 with gout and 40 as normal controls were involved. We obtained and analyzed these parameters from the dynamic images of a 3D full‐volume dataset: global longitudinal strain (GLS), global circumferential strain (GCS), global radial strain (GRS), Twist, 16‐segmental time‐to‐peak longitudinal strain (TTP) and systolic dyssynchrony index (SDI)besides other relevant parameters.ResultsCompared with the normal group, gout patients were more likely to have left ventricular remodeling. The patients with gout showed decreased Em, increased E/Em and larger volume index of the left atrium (LAVI) indicating reduced diastolic function. The peak GLS (−17.42 ± 2.02 vs. −22.40 ± 2.57, P < 0.001), GCS (−27.04 ± 3.75 vs. −34.85 ± 4.99, P < 0.001), GRS (38.22 ± 4.28 vs. 46.15 ± 5.17, P < 0.001), and Twist (15.18 ± 5.45 vs. 19.02 ± 5.29, P = 0.015) were significantly lower in patients with gout than in healthy participants. The SDI (5.57 ± 1.46 vs. 4.91 ± 1.19, P = 0.016) was significantly increased in patients with gout compared with normal controls. There was no significant between‐group difference in TTP (P = 0.43). The systolic GLS, GRS and GCS peak values increased gradually from the base to the apex, with the lowest values in the basal segment in patients with gout. Receiver‐operating characteristic curve analysis revealed among these strains GLS has the largest area under the curve (AUC: 0.93, P < 0.001), the cutoff value of −18.97% with a sensitivity and specificity of 80.0% and 92.0%, respectively, for differentiating two groups. A multivariate linear regression analysis shows that the relationship between gout and strain parameters including GLS, GRS, and GCS is statistically significant (P < 0.001).ConclusionAlthough patients with gout having a normal ejection fraction, structural remodeling of the left ventricle and subclinical LV deformation may occur. 3D‐STE can detect subtle cardiac dysfunctions in patients with gout at an early stage.
Predominance of DS‐1‐like G8P[8] rotavirus reassortant strains in children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Thailand, 2018–2020
Authors: Chan‐It Wisoot , Chanta Chulapong , Ushijima Hiroshi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRotavirus A (RVA) is an important cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children. This study aims to investigate the molecular epidemiology of RVA in children hospitalized with AGE in Chiang Rai, Thailand in 2018–2020 by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Of 302 samples, RVA was detected in 11.6% (35 samples): 11.3% (19/168) in 2018–2019 and 11.9% (16/134) in 2019–2020. G8P[8] was the predominant genotype at 68.4% in 2018–2019 and 81.2% in 2019–2020. G1P[8] (15.8%), G2P[4] (5.3%), G3P[8] (10.5%) in 2018–2019, and G9P[8] (18.8%) in 2019–2020 were also detected. Whole‐genome analysis of G8P[8] revealed a DS‐1‐like genetic backbone: G8‐P[8]‐I2‐R2‐C2‐M2‐A2‐N2‐T2‐E2‐H2. Phylogenetically, the VP7 genes of G8P[8] clustered in a major lineage with previously published 51 DS‐1‐like G8P[8] reference strains, closely related to 13 G8P[8] strains from Thailand and China. These G8P[8] strains contained two unique amino acid substitutions (A125S and N147D) in the VP7 antigenic epitopes. In addition, the VP1 and NSP2 genes of G8P[8] clustered in lineages separated from the DS‐1‐like G8P[8] reference strains with a high genetic divergence but were closely related to G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8], or G9P[8]. Several amino acid differences were observed in the VP7 and VP8* antigenic epitopes of G8P[8] compared with RVA vaccine strains. Homology modeling confirmed that these different amino acid residues were located on the surface‐exposed area of the structure. Taken together, the genetic analysis clearly defines the Chiang Rai DS‐1‐like G8P[8] strains as a novel reassortant strain that might have evolved genetically through reassortment events and consequently received their VP1 and NSP2 genes from locally cocirculating‐RVA genotypes.
The effectiveness of machine learning‐based multi‐model ensemble predictions of CMIP6 in Western Ghats of India
Authors: Shetty Swathi , Umesh Pruthviraj , Shetty Amba 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe popularity of cutting‐edge machine learning ensemble approaches has solved many climate change research and prediction issues. The six top‐performing GCMs obtained from Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution were ensembled using seven machine learning ensemble methods such as Random Forest Regressor (RFR), Support Vector Regressor (SVR), Linear Regression (LR), Adaptive Boosting Regressor (AdaBoost), Extreme Gradient Boosting Regressor (XGBR), Extra Tree Regressor (ETR), Multi‐Layer Perceptron neural network (MLP) and simple Arithmetic Mean (AM) over the diverse geo‐climatic basins. Precipitation is best simulated by EC‐Earth3 and BCC‐CSM2‐MR. Maximum temperature by MPI‐ESM1‐2‐HR, EC‐Earth3‐Veg, INM‐CM5‐0 and MPI‐ESM1‐2‐LR. Minimum temperature by INM‐CM5‐0 and MPI‐ESM1‐2‐LR model. The MME of XGBR and RFR stand out for their superior performance across all six basins, with exceptional performance over the per‐humid basins, while AdaBoost, SVR and the AM underperform. Examining the interseasonal variability of the simulated MMEs over the basins highlights the reliability of these MME models. The anticipated change in maximum and minimum temperature in the SSP245 and SSP585 in the future horizon corroborates the undeniable rise in temperature by all the MMEs with a dramatic change in future temperature in AM and AdaBoost in precipitation with a factor of two rises in the far future over the recent past. Though climate change is expected to increase precipitation, atmospheric stabilization over the Ghats will affect the spatiotemporal distribution of precipitation. We recommend a comprehensive testing and validation approach to generate ensembles in regional investigations involving complicated and diverse precipitation mechanisms.
Austral summer droughts and their driving mechanisms in observations and present‐day climate simulations over Malawi
Authors: Likoya Emmanuel , Birch Cathryn E. , Chapman Sarah , Dougill Andrew J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDroughts are a key feature of weather systems over Malawi and southern Africa. Their societal relevance in Malawi underscores the need for improved understanding of drought characteristics and atmospheric processes that drive them. We use the Standardized Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index with the run theory to identify and characterize droughts in observations (1961–2017) and CMIP5 models across Malawi. We find no major differences in drought duration, severity, and intensity between the northern and southern parts of Malawi. However, circulation patterns associated with droughts in the two regions are different, and typically organized in such a way that droughts in one region coincide with wetter conditions in the other. Anomalous circulation patterns diminishing moisture convergence and convection over the affected region are a typical feature of summer droughts. We show that precipitation variability is principally governed by advected moisture, transported via three main tracks of northwesterly, northeasterly, and southeasterly moisture fluxes. The three tracks interact to form a convergence zone with a peak situated over Malawi. Variability in the respective moisture flux tracks influences the variability in the location and intensity of the convergence zone, and thus the location of the ensuing drought. We note links between variability in the moisture advection tracks and El Nino Southern Oscillations and other modes of variability including the Indian Ocean Dipole and Subtropical Indian Ocean Dipole. Both negative and positive biases in drought frequency are apparent in CMIP5 models but the majority overestimate drought duration and severity. The relationship between precipitation and net total moisture flux is consistently simulated. However, we note significant model inconsistencies in the relationship between precipitation and moisture flux from the southeasterly track, which potentially undermines the confidence in model simulation of drought processes over Malawi.
GLIM criteria to identify malnutrition in patients in hospital settings: A systematic review
Authors: Alves Luana Ferreira , de Jesus José Daví Santos , Britto Vanessa Nunes Menezes , de Jesus Suzana Alves , Santos Gabriel Silva , de Oliveira Carolina Cunha 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMalnutrition is recognized as one of the main public health problems in hospitals. The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) has established a global consensus on the criteria for diagnosing malnutrition in adults in hospital settings. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of the GLIM criteria as a tool to identify malnutrition in hospital settings and to compare the prevalence of malnutrition identified by GLIM criteria with that identified by other screening and/or nutrition assessment methods. This was a systematic review. Searches were performed using MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and Virtual Health Library, based on established descriptors. The included studies were observational and used screening and/or nutrition assessment tools to compare the prevalence of malnutrition and predictive capacity identified by GLIM criteria in patients aged >18 years in hospital settings. Twelve studies were included in this systematic review. A total of 4066 individuals with different pathologies and clinical conditions participated in the included studies. The prevalence of malnutrition, according to the GLIM criteria, ranged from 16% to 80%. In four studies, the prevalence of malnutrition based on GLIM was higher than that based on the other indicators. Six studies that evaluated the predictive ability of GLIM criteria identified satisfactory sensitivity and specificity. Four studies found low to high agreement between GLIM and the other methods. GLIM criteria can identify malnutrition and find a high prevalence and severity of malnutrition in the hospital setting, proving them to be a sensitive and specific instrument, with good agreement between screening and nutrition assessment methods.
Multi‐disciplinary study of a late Pleistocene woolly rhinoceros found in the Pannonian Basin and implications for the contemporaneous palaeoenvironment
Authors: Gasparik Mihály , Major István , Lisztes‐Szabó Zsuzsa , Magyari Enikő , Szabó Bence , Pandolfi Luca , Borel Antony , Futó István , Horváth Anikó , Kiss Gabriella Ilona , Molnár Mihály , Csík Attila , Markó András 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTExcavation campaigns conducted at the Pécel‐Kis hársas site (Hungary) between 2014 and 2017 yielded the remains of a mature female woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis) and six lithic artefacts. Radiocarbon dating confirmed that the rhinoceros died ca. 20.4k cal a
bp, at the very end of the Last Glacial Maximum and, considering the position of the artefacts when found, it was probably killed by Epigravettian hunters. Based on dental analyses of the specimen, a vigorous lichen‐ (and possibly moss‐)consuming diet could be inferred for the end of the animal's lifetime. Based on Sr results, we can exclude the possibility of long‐range migration. In accordance with the optimum environmental demands of the foraging lichen, the low δ18O value of osseous material implies a relatively cold contemporaneous climate with a calculated mean annual air temperature of around 0.7 °C. Meanwhile, the extremely low δ15N value may have resulted from the proximity of the discontinuous permafrost zone and some intensive soil dislocation. Consequently, poor vegetation and an open, tundra‐like habitat can be assumed to have been dominant at the site at that time, which is also supported by palaeoenvironmental modeling experiments.
Whole exome sequencing identifies MAP3K1, MSH2, and MLH1 as potential cancer‐predisposing genes in familial early‐onset colorectal cancer
Authors: Fatemi Nayeralsadat , Tu Siang‐Jyun , Chung Chin‐Chun , Moghadam Pardis Ketabi , Mojarad Ehsan Nazemalhosseini , Sadeghi Amir , Totonchi Mehdi , Aghdaei Hamid Asadzadeh , Chang Jan‐Gowth 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe incidence of early‐onset colorectal cancer (CRC), which affects people under 50, is increasing for unknown reasons. Additionally, no underlying genetic cause is found in 20%–30% of patients suspected of having familial CRC syndrome. Whole exome sequencing (WES) has generated evidence for new genes associated with CRC susceptibility, but many patients remain undiagnosed. This study applied WES in five early‐onset CRC patients from three unrelated families to identify novel genetic variants that could be linked to rapid disease development. Furthermore, the candidate variants were validated using Sanger sequencing. Two heterozygote variations, c.1077‐2A>G and c.199G>A, were found in the MSH2 and the MLH1 genes, respectively. Sanger sequencing analysis confirmed that these (likely) pathogenic mutations segregated in all the affected families' members. In addition, we identified a rare heterozygote variant (c.175C>T) with suspected pathogenic potential in the MAP3K1 gene; formally the variant is of uncertain significance (VUS). Our findings support the hypothesis that CRC onset may be oligogenic and molecularly heterogeneous. Larger and more robust studies are needed to understand the genetic basis of early‐onset CRC development, combined with novel functional analyses and omics approaches.
National Trends of Otolaryngology Involvement in Cleft Surgical Management over 10‐Years
Authors: Sharma Rahul K. , Landeen Kelly C. , Ortiz Alexandra , Belcher Ryan H. , Phillips James D. , Stephan Scott J. , Yang Shiayin F. , Patel Priyesh N. 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveSurgical management of cleft lip/palate and cleft rhinoplasty have historically been performed by plastic surgeons. No study has addressed temporal trends in cleft‐associated surgeries. This study assesses trends in cleft surgical management and complications in a national database.MethodsCross‐sectional analysis of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Pediatric database from 2012 to 2021. Patients receiving cleft lip and/or palate repair were isolated using CPT codes. A subset receiving cleft rhinoplasty was also analyzed. The yearly proportion of otolaryngologists compared to general plastic surgeons performing surgeries was noted. Regression analysis was used to identify trends and predictors of management by OHNS.ResultsWe identified 46,618 cases of cleft repair, of which 15.6% (N = 7,255) underwent repair with otolaryngology. On univariate Pearson correlation analysis, neither cleft rhinoplasties performed by OHNS over time (R = 0.371, 95% CI −0.337 to 0.811, p = 0.2907) nor all cases (R = −0.26, −0.76 to 0.44, p = 0.465) exhibited a significant change. On multivariable regression, the operative year was not associated with being treated by otolaryngology (p = 0.826) for all cleft cases but was associated with such in cleft rhinoplasties (OR 1.04, 1.01–1.08, p = 0.024). On multivariable analysis, the operative year was correlated with a higher rate of complications overall (OR 1.04, 1.01–1.07, p = 0.002). Surgeon specialty was not associated with complication rates.ConclusionsIn the last 10 years, no change in the proportion of cleft lip/palate repair performed by OHNS was observed. Otolaryngologists are performing more cleft rhinoplasty but at a marginal rate. Otolaryngologists also manage more complex patients with multiple comorbidities compared to their colleagues. Complication rates have increased overall regardless of surgeon specialty, warranting further investigation.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:671–677, 2024
Quantification of False Vocal Fold Hyperfunction During Quiet Breathing in Muscle Tension Dysphonia
Authors: Han Jasper , Morrison Robert , Mau Ted , Shembel Adrianna C. 
Published: June 2023

Background/ObjectivesFalse vocal fold (FVF) hyperfunction during phonation is thought to be a diagnostic sign of primary muscle tension dysphonia (pMTD). However, hyperfunctional patterns with phonation are also observed in typical speakers. This study tested the hypothesis that FVF posturing during quiet breathing, as measured by the curvature of FVF, could differentiate patients with pMTD from typical speakers.MethodsLaryngoscopic images were collected prospectively in 30 subjects with pMTD and 33 typical speakers. Images were acquired at the end of expiration and maximal inspiration during quiet breathing, during sustained /i/, and during loud phonation before and after a 30‐min vocal loading task. The FVF curvature (degree of concavity/convexity) was quantified using a novel curvature index (CI, >0 for hyperfunctional/convex, <0 for “relaxed”/concave) and compared between the two groups.ResultsAt end‐expiration, the pMTD group adopted a convex FVF contour, whereas the control group adopted a concave FVF contour (mean CI 0.123 [SEM 0.046] vs. −0.093 [SEM 0.030], p = 0.0002) before vocal loading. At maximal inspiration, the pMTD group had a neutral/straight FVF contour, whereas the control group had a concave FVF contour (mean CI 0.012 [SEM 0.038] vs. −0.155 [SEM 0.018], p = 0.0002). There were no statistically significant differences in FVF curvature between groups in either the sustained voiced or loud conditions. Vocal loading did not change any of these relationships.ConclusionsA hyperfunctional posture of the FVFs during quiet breathing especially at end‐expiration may be more indicative of a hyperfunctional voice disorder than supraglottic constriction during voicing.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 133:3449–3454, 2023
Effect of Late‐Stage Meniere's Disease and Vestibular Functional Impairment on Hippocampal Atrophy
Authors: Jian Huirong , Wang Siyue , Li Xiaofei , Zhao Hui , Liu Shanfeng , Lyu Yafeng , Fan Zhaomin , Wang Haibo , Zhang Daogong 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveWe investigated correlations among clinical features, degree of inner ear endolymphatic hydrops (EH), and hippocampal volume (HV) in different stages of Meniere's disease (MD).MethodsFrom February 2021 to April 2022, clinical data were collected from 99 patients (39 males, 60 females, mean age: 50.4 ± 10.0 [range: 26–69] years) with unilateral MD admitted to the Department of Vertigo Disease of Shandong ENT Hospital. The left and right ears were affected in 64 and 35 patients, respectively. There were 50 and 49 cases in early (Stages 1, 2) and late stages (Stages 3, 4), respectively. Fifty healthy participants were included as controls. Audiovestibular function test results, EH grading using gadolinium‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and HV determined on MRI were analyzed for patients at different stages of MD.ResultsBetween‐group comparisons of early and late MD revealed significant differences in the disease course, vestibular function (VF), degree of EH, and HV. There were no significant between‐group differences based on age, sex, affected side, subjective degree of dizziness, hospital anxiety, or depression. Mean HV in patients with early‐stage MD was correlated with the canal paresis value of the caloric test and pure tone hearing threshold, HV in late‐stage patients was correlated with vestibular EH.ConclusionPatients with late‐stage MD exhibited severe auditory and VF impairments, increased EH, and atrophy of the HV. More advanced disease was associated with greater vestibular damage and degree of EH.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:410–418, 2024
Implementation of a multi‐layered land degradation monitoring and forecasting framework toward integrated countermeasure planning in drylands
Authors: Gupta Sharad Kumar , Kim Jungrack , Zucca Claudio , Sharma Arindam 
Published: June 2023

AbstractVarious earth observation (EO) data and related spatial technologies are employed to monitor land degradation (LD) and its impacts on the drylands. However, a comprehensive framework that integrates multiple data sources and metrics to generate a consistent output still needs to be explored. Furthermore, the lack of consistency and the limited reliabilities of existing approaches make it challenging to identify proper countermeasures (avoid, reduce, reverse LD) and support decisions to combat LD in line with the Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) Framework. The “Multi‐Layered Land Degradation Tracer (ML‐LDT)” is a framework that addresses the above research gaps. It is based on a comprehensive framework that integrates data extraction, LD monitoring, and forecasting capacities and consists of three functional layers, that is, a base data processor, monitoring/modeling components, and a forecasting layer employing machine learning (ML) algorithms. ML‐LDT has a state‐of‐art capacity to model wind erosion together with sand and dust storms (SDS), making it particularly suited to the arid lands most prone to these processes. It is implemented over cloud processors with open‐source components based on industry standards. Therefore, the routines are easily adaptable to user requirements in LDN planning. We evaluated the ML‐LDT framework in the Indian Thar Desert and Inner Mongolian drylands. The results showed the overall robustness of the procedures and that ML‐based models provide good insights to forecast future LD/SDS patterns that can be used to simulate LDN scenarios and targets. We validated the forecasting results against LD maps and remote sensing observations.