bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanopinhole Passivating Contact Si Solar Cells Fabricated with Metal‐Assisted Chemical Etching
Authors: Lima Anderson Caroline , Nemeth William , Guthrey Harvey L. , Jiang Chun‐Sheng , Page Matthew R. , Agarwal Sumit , Stradins Paul 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMonocrystalline Si (c‐Si) solar cells with passivating contacts based on doped polycrystalline Si (poly‐Si) on ≈2.0 nm silicon oxide (SiOx) require >1000 °C thermal processing to create conducting pinholes in the SiOx layer. However, this high thermal budget can induce bulk defects in the Czochralski c‐Si wafers used as the cell absorber layer. In this work, it is demonstrated that pinholes can instead be created using metal‐assisted chemical etching on planar or textured morphologies, at room temperature. This wet process creates up to 200 nm wide conducting pinholes that are directly observed with transmission electron and atomic force microscopies. High‐performance hole‐selective poly‐Si/SiNy/SiOx and electron‐selective poly‐Si/SiOx passivating contacts are fabricated and implemented in laboratory‐scale solar cells. This process development significantly broadens the range of passivation layer materials, their thicknesses, and surface morphologies, which enables the design of poly‐Si contacts with superior passivating quality.
IL‐17A facilitates type 2 inflammation in a modified eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis mouse model
Authors: Wu Haotian , Wang Zhiyuan , Li Xia , Chen Xiaohong , Li Yue , Huang Weiqiang , Chang Lihong , Zhang Gehua 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundEosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) is predominantly characterized by nasal type 2 inflammation. The pathogenesis of this condition is complex. High levels of IL‐17A are associated with eosinophil infiltration in some inflammatory diseases and contribute to the severity and insensitivity of corticosteroid therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis.MethodsIn the first experiment, we constructed a modified ECRS mouse model using four groups of mice: phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS)‐sensitized and nasal instillation (control); PBS‐sensitized and Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB) nasal instillation after nasal tamponade (SEB group); ovalbumin (OVA)‐sensitized and nasal instillation (OVA group); and OVA‐sensitized combined with OVA and SEB nasal instillation after nasal tamponade (OVA + SEB group). In the second experiment, we examined the role of IL‐17A by dividing the mice into four groups: control group; ECRS group; ECRS + anti‐IL‐17A group; and ECRS + IL‐17A group. The latter two groups received intraperitoneal injections of anti‐IL‐17A antibody or IL‐17A, respectively.ResultsWe constructed a modified ECRS mouse model (OVA + SEB group), where the IL‐17A levels were upregulated in the nasal sinus of ECRS mice and the IL‐17A levels were significantly correlated with eosinophil infiltration. We further demonstrated that IL‐17A induced type 2 inflammation and eosinophil infiltration in the ECRS group of mice. In contrast, IL‐17A neutralization attenuated type 2 inflammatory cytokine secretion and eosinophil infiltration.ConclusionOVA sensitization and unilateral nasal tamponade, combined with SEB and OVA alternate nasal instillation (OVA + SEB group), could be used to construct a more typical ECRS mouse model in which IL‐17A enhanced the expression of type 2 cytokines and eosinophil infiltration.
Solvent Induced Conversion of a Self‐Assembled Gyrobifastigium to a Barrel and Encapsulation of Zinc‐Phthalocyanine within the Barrel for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Abdul Rinshad Valiyakath , Sahoo Jagabandhu , Venkateswarulu Mangili , Hickey Neal , De Mrinmoy , Sarathi Mukherjee Partha 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA rare gyrobifastigium architecture (GB) was constructed by self‐assembly of a tetradentate donor (L) with PdII acceptor in DMSO. The GB was converted to its isomeric tetragonal barrel (MB) upon treatment with water. The hydrophobic cavity of MB has been explored for the encapsulation of zinc‐phthalocyanine (ZnPc), which is an excellent photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, the poor water‐solubility and aggregation tendency are the main reasons for the suboptimal PDT performance of free ZnPc in the aqueous medium. Effective solubilization of ZnPc in an aqueous medium was achieved by encapsulating it in the cavity of MB. The inclusion complex (ZnPc⊂MB) showed enhanced singlet oxygen generation in water. Higher cellular uptake and anticancer activity of the ZnPc⊂MB compared to free ZnPc on HeLa cells indicate that encapsulation of ZnPc in an aqueous host is a potential strategy for enhancement of its PDT activity in water.
Chiral Iron Porphyrins Catalyze Enantioselective Intramolecular C(sp3)−H Bond Amination Upon Visible‐Light Irradiation
Authors: Wang Hua‐Hua , Shao Hui , Huang Guanglong , Fan Jianqiang , To Wai‐Pong , Dang Li , Liu Yungen , Che Chi‐Ming 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIron‐catalyzed asymmetric amination of C(sp3)−H bonds is appealing for synthetic applications due to the biocompatibility and high earth abundance of iron, but examples of such reactions are sparse. Herein we describe chiral iron complexes of meso‐ and β‐substituted‐porphyrins that can catalyze asymmetric intramolecular C(sp3)−H amination of aryl and arylsulfonyl azides to afford chiral indolines (29 examples) and benzofused cyclic sulfonamides (17 examples), respectively, with up to 93 % ee (yield: up to 99 %) using 410 nm light under mild conditions. Mechanistic studies, including DFT calculations, for the reactions of arylsulfonyl azides reveal that the Fe(NSO2Ar) intermediate generated in situ under photochemical conditions reacts with the C(sp3)−H bond through a stepwise hydrogen atom transfer/radical rebound mechanism, with enantioselectivity arising from cooperative noncovalent interactions between the Fe(NSO2Ar) unit and the peripheral substituents of the chiral porphyrin scaffold.
Combustion‐Assisted Polyol Reduction Method to Prepare Highly Transparent and Efficient Pt Counter Electrodes for Bifacial Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Alvien Ghifari M. , Xuan Long Dang , Yolthida Kantapa , Hee Jang Yoon , Hong Jongin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA combustion‐assisted polyol reduction (CPR) method has been developed to deposit electrocatalytically efficient and transparent Pt counter electrodes (CEs) for bifacial dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Compared with conventional thermal decomposition of Pt precursors, CPR allows for a decrease in reduction temperature to 150 °C. The low‐temperature processing is attributed to adding an organic fuel, acetylacetone (Hacac), which provides extra heat to lower reduction energy. In addition, the stable Pt complexes can simultaneously be formed in ethylene glycol (EG) and Hacac system, which leads to Pt nanoparticle size regulation. A ratio of Hacac to EG is optimized to achieve excellent electrocatalytic activity and high visible light transmittance for CEs. The bifacial DSSCs fabricated with CPR‐Pt CEs (EG : Hacac=1 : 16) reach efficiencies of 6.71±0.16% and 6.41±0.15% in front and back irradiations, respectively.
Photoinduced Synthesis of Bisphosphinated Quinoxalines via Radical Cyclization ofo‐Diisocyanoarenes with Diphosphines
Authors: Yamamoto Yuki , Ogawa Akiya 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe cycloaddition reaction ofo‐diisocyanoarenes with interelement compounds under light is a very important reaction system to clarify whether this reaction proceeds by radical cyclization or by aza‐Bergman cyclization. In this study, a series of diphosphines with phosphorus‐phosphorus single bonds were selected as interelement compounds, and their cycloaddition reactions witho‐diisocyanoarenes under light were investigated in detail to achieve a novel photoinduced synthesis of bisphosphinated quinoxalines via the radical cyclization pathway. In addition, the photoinduced reaction of diphosphines with isocyanides havingo‐functional groups such as cyano and ethenyl groups allowed us to elucidate the reaction pathway and product selectivity of this bisphosphination. Furthermore, the one‐pot synthesis of PdII‐quinoxaline complex was successfully achieved by applying the developed reaction.
Electrogenetic signaling and information propagation for controlling microbial consortia via programmed lysis
Authors: VanArsdale Eric , Navid Ali , Chu Monica J. , Halvorsen Tiffany M. , Payne Gregory F. , Jiao Yongqin , Bentley William E. , Yung Mimi C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTo probe signal propagation and genetic actuation in microbial consortia, we have coopted the components of both redox and quorum sensing (QS) signaling into a communication network for guiding composition by “programming” cell lysis. Here, we use an electrode to generate hydrogen peroxide as a redox cue that determines consortia composition. The oxidative stress regulon of Escherichia coli, OxyR, is employed to receive and transform this signal into a QS signal that coordinates the lysis of a subpopulation of cells. We examine a suite of information transfer modalities including “monoculture” and “transmitter‐receiver” models, as well as a series of genetic circuits that introduce time‐delays for altering information relay, thereby expanding design space. A simple mathematical model aids in developing communication schemes that accommodate the transient nature of redox signals and the “collective” attributes of QS signals. We suggest this platform methodology will be useful in understanding and controlling synthetic microbial consortia for a variety of applications, including biomanufacturing and biocontainment.
Introducing schoolchildren to computational thinking using smartphone apps: A way to encourage enrollment in engineering education
Authors: Yadav Savita , Chakraborty Pinaki 
Published: January 2023

AbstractComputational thinking is the process of solving a problem in a way that can be readily automated by a computer. Decomposition, pattern recognition, abstraction, and algorithm design are four major components of computational thinking. We conducted an experiment to study the effectiveness of smartphone apps for teaching computational thinking to 7‐year‐old children. The first experimental group was taught computational thinking using four apps, one for each component. The second experimental group was taught computational thinking using the chalk and board approach. The control group was not imparted any lesson in computational thinking. The intervention period lasted 8 weeks and was followed by a posttest and a retention test conducted after another 2 weeks. The children showed interest in learning computational thinking and could solve problems that are inspired by real‐world engineering problems during the intervention period. They could analyze and debug (77%) their own work. The performance of the children in the two experiment groups was significantly better than those in the control group in the posttest and the retention test (F = 26.470, p < .05). This means that 7‐year‐old children can learn computational thinking from suitable mediums. No significant difference was observed in the performance of the children in the posttest and the retention test (p > .05), denoting that children can retain the concepts of computational thinking. Including computational thinking lessons at the K‐12 level can encourage children to enroll in engineering programs in the future. We recommend standardization of content and development of age‐specific apps for teaching computational thinking.
Association between F‐box‐only protein 43 overexpression and hepatocellular carcinoma pathogenesis and prognosis
Authors: Wu Shaohan , Qin Lei , Yang Juqin , Wang Jing , Shen Yiyu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite great advances in the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and management regarding hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the overall prognosis of HCC remains unfavorable. The expression profile, prognostic role, and biological functions of F‐box‐only protein 43 (FBXO43) in HCC remain unclear. Here, we determine the expression profile and prognostic value of FBXO43 in patients with HCC.Materials and MethodsA total of 467 HCC patients and their clinicopathological data were collected from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and Genotype‐Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases. The expression profile, prognostic value, biological functions, and underlying mechanism of its involvement of FBXO43 were explored based on TCGA, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), LinkedOmics, and Cancer Dependency Map (DepMap). The expression of FBXO43 in 93 paired liver tissues was investigated via immunohistochemical staining, tissue microarray analysis, and Western blot. The prognostic value was assessed using survival analysis.ResultsFBXO43 RNA was upregulated in HCC liver tissues and was associated with an unfavorable prognosis (p < 0.05). Furthermore, FBXO43 protein was overexpressed in HCC liver tissues compared with that in paired normal liver tissues. Overexpression of FBXO43 protein was significantly associated with advanced TNM stage, large tumor size, lymphatic invasion, distant metastasis, earlier cancer recurrence, and decreased overall survival after radical surgery (p < 0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that FBXO43 had significant prognostic value in HCC. Importantly, FBXO43 and its co‐expressed genes were mainly involved in cell cycle regulation, DNA replication, metabolic regulation, and so on. FBXO43 knockdown could significantly affect the HCC cell lines growth and proliferation.ConclusionsWe first revealed that FBXO43 was overexpressed in liver HCC tissues at the RNA and protein levels and served as an independent prognostic factor for HCC patients. Therefore, FBXO43 is worth investigating as a potential HCC treatment target.
Enhancement of Wastewater Treatment Using Mist and Photocatalyst
Authors: Kato Shoma , Sakai Yuka , Sato Yuki , Kansha Yasuki 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAdvanced oxidation processes are attractive methods for treating wastewater containing refractory organic substances. Hybrid reactors utilizing mist generated by ultrasound and photocatalysts have been proposed to enhance pollutant removal. However, the functions of ultraviolet, ultrasound, mist, and photocatalyst in the hybrid reactor have not been clarified. The aim of this study is to investigate these functions by comparing the pollutant removal performance under different operating conditions. The results indicate that the application of ultraviolet, ultrasound, and photocatalyst is necessary to utilize mist as a reaction field. A synergistic effect of the simultaneous application was observed in the hybrid reactor.
Host‐Guest Strategy Enabling Nonhalogenated Solvent Processing for High‐Performance All‐Polymer Hosted Solar Cells†
Authors: Huang Yuting , Chen Haiyang , Fan Qunping , Chen Ziyuan , Ding Junyuan , Yang Heyi , Sun Zhe , Zhang Rui , Chen Weijie , Yang Changduk , Gao Feng , Li Yaowen 
Published: January 2023

Comprehensive SummaryThe power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of all‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs), usually processed from low‐boiling‐point and toxic solvents, have reached high values of 18%. However, poor miscibility and uncontrollable crystallinity in polymer blends lead to a notable drop in the PCEs when using green solvents, limiting the practical development of all‐PSCs. Herein, a third component (guest) BTO was employed to optimize the miscibility and enhance the crystallinity of PM6/PY2Se‐F host film processed from green solvent toluene (TL), which can effectively suppress the excessive aggregation of PY2Se‐F and facilitate a nano‐scale interpenetrating network morphology for exciton dissociation and charge transport. As a result, TL‐processed all‐polymer hosted solar cells (all‐PHSCs) exhibited an impressive PCE of 17.01%. Moreover, the strong molecular interaction between the host and guest molecules also enhances the thermal stability of the devices. Our host‐guest strategy provides a unique approach to developing high‐efficiency and stable all‐PHSCs processed from green solvents, paving the way for the industrial development of all‐PHSCs.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Macrocyclic Plasmin Inhibitors
Authors: Wiedemeyer Simon J. A. , Wu Guojie , Pham T. L. Phuong , Lang‐Henkel Heike , Perez Urzua Benjamin , Whisstock James C , Law Ruby H. P. , Steinmetzer Torsten 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTwo series of macrocyclic plasmin inhibitors with a C‐terminal benzylamine group were synthesized. The substitution of the N‐terminal phenylsulfonyl group of a previously described inhibitor provided two analogues with sub‐nanomolar inhibition constants. Both compounds possess a high selectivity against all other tested trypsin‐like serine proteases. Furthermore, a new approach was used to selectively introduce asymmetric linker segments. Two of these compounds inhibit plasmin with Ki values close to 2 nM. For the first time, four crystal structures of these macrocyclic inhibitors could be determined in complex with a Ser195Ala microplasmin mutant. The macrocyclic core segment of the inhibitors binds to the open active site of plasmin without any steric hindrance. This binding mode is incompatible with other trypsin‐like serine proteases containing a sterically demanding 99‐hairpin loop. The crystal structures obtained experimentally explain the excellent selectivity of this inhibitor type as previously hypothesized.
Integrating Photoluminescence and Ferromagnetism in Carbon Quantum Dot/ZnO by Interfacial Orbital Hybridization for Multifunctional Bioprobes
Authors: Wang Lifen , Li Xiaohan , Jin Yu , Liu Guangqing , Shan Yun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntegrating ferromagnetism (FM) and photoluminescence (PL) into one particular nanostructure as biological probe plays an irreplaceable role in accurate clinical diagnosis combining magnetic resonance and photoluminescence imaging technology. However, magnetic emergence generally needs a spin polarization at Fermi level to display a half‐metallic electronic feature, which is not beneficial for preserving radiation recombination ability of photo‐excited electron‐hole carriers. To overcome this intrinsic difficulty, we propose a feasible atomic‐hybridization strategy to anchor carbon quantum dots (CQDs) onto ZnO microsphere surface via breakage of C=O bonds at CQDs and subsequent Zn‐3d and C‐2p orbital hybridization, which not only ensures the carrier recombination but also leads to a room‐temperature magnetism. Herein, the photoluminescence and magnetism coexist in this multifunctional heterojunction with outstanding biocompatibility. This work suggests that integration of magnetism and photoluminescence could be accomplished by particular interfacial orbital hybridization.
Fundamentals of the Cathode‐Electrolyte Interface in All‐solid‐state Lithium Batteries
Authors: Jiang Yidong , Lai Anjie , Ma Jun , Yu Kai , Zeng Huipeng , Zhang Guangzhao , Huang Wei , Wang Chaoyang , Chi Shang‐Sen , Wang Jun , Deng Yonghong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAll‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSBs) enabled by solid‐state electrolytes (SEs) including oxide‐based and sulfide‐based electrolytes have gained worldwide attention because of their intrinsic safety and higher energy density over conventional lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, despite the high ionic conductivity of advanced SEs, ASSBs still exhibit high overall internal resistance, the most significant contributor of which can be ascribed to the cathode‐SE interfaces. This review seeks to clarify the critical issues regarding the cathode‐SE interfaces, including fundamental principles and corresponding solutions. First, major issues concerning electro‐chemo‐mechanical instability between cathodes and SEs and their formation mechanisms are discussed. Then, specific problems in oxides and sulfides and various solutions and strategies toward interfacial modifications are highlighted. Efforts toward the characterization and analysis of cathode‐SE interfaces with advanced techniques are also summarized. Finally, perspectives are offered on several problems demanding urgent solutions and the future development of SE applications and ASSBs.
Variability in bat morphology is influenced by temperature and forest cover and their interactions
Authors: Wood Heather , Cousins Sara A. O. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMultiple climatic and landscape drivers have been linked to variations in bat body size and wing functional traits. Most previous studies used proxies rather than actual climate and land‐use data, and their interactions are rarely explored. We investigate whether higher summer average temperatures are driving decreasing bat body size as predicted by Bergmann's rule or increasing appendage size as per Allen's rule. We also explore whether temperature or resource availability (namely forest cover) is responsible for changes in wing functional traits. Using land‐use data from historical maps and national statistics combined with climatic data, we assessed the effect of temperature and resource availability on bat morphology. We used 464 museum specimens of three bat species (Eptesicus nilssonii, Pipistrellus pygmaeus, and Plecotus auritus), spanning 180 years, across a 1200 km latitudinal gradient. We found no evidence of higher summer average temperatures driving decreases in body size in bats. Jaw sizes of P. auritus and P. pygmaeus changed over time but in different directions. The geographical variation of forest cover was also related to differences in wing functional traits in two species. Crucially, there was a significant antagonistic interactive effect of forest and temperature on tip index in P. pygmaeus whereby above 14.5°C the relationship between forest and tip index actually reversed. This could indicate that higher temperatures promote more pointed wings, which may provide energetic benefits. Our results show the importance of including both climatic and land‐use variables when assessing trends in bat morphology and exploring interactions. Encouragingly, all three species have shown an ability to adapt their body size and functional traits to different conditions, and it could demonstrate their potential to overcome future negative impacts of climate and land‐use change.
Environmental data science: Part 1
Authors: Zammit‐Mangion Andrew , Newlands Nathaniel K. , Burr Wesley S. 
Published: January 2023

SummaryEnvironmental data science is a multi‐disciplinary and mature field of research at the interface of statistics, machine learning, information technology, climate and environmental science. The two‐part special issue ‘Environmental Data Science’ comprises a set of research articles and opinion pieces led by statisticians who are at the forefront of the field. This editorial identifies and discusses common strands of research that appear in the contributions to Part 1, which largely focus on statistical methodology. These include temporal, spatial and spatio‐temporal modeling; statistical computing; machine learning and artificial intelligence; and the critical question of decision‐making in the presence of uncertainty. This editorial complements that of Part 2, which largely focuses on applications; see Burr, Newlands, and Zammit‐Mangion (2023).
Evaluation and indirect inference estimation of inattentive features in a New Keynesian framework
Authors: Chou Jenyu , Cao Yifei , Minford Patrick 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe test the standard New Keynesian (NK) dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model with and without inattentiveness features, where inattentiveness is modeled either in the form of sticky information (SI) or imperfect information (IF) data revision. All models are estimated and tested by indirect inference. The estimated model with sticky information somewhat outperformed the estimated NK model with full‐information rational expectation (FIRE), though both passed the test easily, while the model with IF data revision was strongly rejected.