bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Friction Stir Welding in Fishing Boat Construction through Deep Learning-Based Optimization
Authors: Maleki Erfan , Unal Okan , Mahmoud Seyedi Sahebari Seyed , Reza Kashyzadeh Kazem , Amiri Nima 
Published: August 2023

In the present study, the authors have attempted to present a novel approach for the prediction, analysis, and optimization of the Friction Stir Welding (FSW) process based on the Deep Neural Network (DNN) model. To obtain the DNN structure with high accuracy, the most focus has been on the number of hidden layers and the activation functions. The DNN was developed by a small database containing results of tensile and hardness tests of welded 7075-T6 aluminum alloy. This material and the production method were selected based on the application in the construction of fishing boat flooring, because on the one hand, it faces the corrosion caused by proximity to sea water and on the other hand, due to direct contact with human food, i.e., fish etc., antibacterial issues should be considered. All the major parameters of the FSW process, including axial force, rotational speed, and traverse speed as well as tool diameter and tool hardness, were considered to investigate their correspondence effects on the tensile strength and hardness of welded zone. The most important achievement of this research showed that by using SAE for pre-training of neural networks, higher accuracy can be obtained in predicting responses. Finally, the optimal values for various welding parameters were reported as rotational speed: 1600 rpm, traverse speed: 65 mm/min, axial force: 8 KN, shoulder and pin diameters: 15.5 and 5.75 mm, and tool hardness: 50 HRC.
Resolving conflict between aversive and appetitive learning of views: how ants shift to a new route during navigation
Authors: Lionetti Vito A. G. , Deeti Sudhakar , Murray Trevor , Cheng Ken 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAnts store and recall views associated with foraging success, facilitating future foraging journeys. Negative views are also learned, but instead prompt avoidance behaviors such as turning away. However, little is known about the aversive view’s role in navigation, the effect of cue conflict, or the contextual relationship between learning and recalling. In this study, we tested Myrmecia midas’ capacity for aversive learning of views either independently of or in conflict with appetitive events. We either captured and released foragers when reaching a location or let them pass unhindered. After a few journeys, captured foragers exhibited aversive learning by circumventing the capture location and increasing both meandering and scanning. Ants that experienced foraging-appetitive and homing-aversive events on their journeys exhibited lower rates of avoidance behavior and scans than those experiencing aversive events in both outbound and homebound journeys. The foraging-aversive and homing-aversive ants exhibited similar levels of avoidance and scanning as those that experienced the foraging-aversive and homing-appetitive. We found that foragers showed evidence of context specificity in their scanning behavior, but not in other measures of aversive learning. The foragers did not increase their meandering and scans while approaching the views associated with aversive events. In addition to shedding light on the role of aversive views in navigation, our finding has important implications for understanding the learning mechanisms triggered by handling animals.
The Stroop legacy: A cautionary tale on methodological issues and a proposed spatial solution
Authors: Viviani Giada , Visalli Antonino , Montefinese Maria , Vallesi Antonino , Ambrosini Ettore 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Stroop task is a seminal paradigm in experimental psychology, so much that various variants of the classical color–word version have been proposed. Here we offer a methodological review of them to emphasize the importance of designing methodologically rigorous Stroop tasks. This is not an end by itself, but it is fundamental to achieve adequate measurement validity, which is currently hindered by methodological heterogeneity and limitations. Among the several Stroop task variants in the literature, our methodological overview shows that the spatial Stroop task is not only a potentially methodologically adequate variant, which can thus assure measuring the Stroop effect with the required validity, but it might even allow researchers to overcome some of the methodological limitations of the classical paradigm due to its use of verbal stimuli. We thus focused on the spatial Stroop tasks in the literature to verify whether they really exploit such inherent potentiality. However, we show that this was generally not the case because only a few of them (1) are purely spatial, (2) ensure both all the three types of conflicts/facilitations (at the stimulus, response, and task levels) and the dimensional overlaps considered fundamental for yielding a complete Stroop effect according to the multiple loci account and Kornblum’s theory, respectively, and (3) controlled for low-level binding and priming effects that could bias the estimated Stroop effect. Based on these methodological considerations, we present some examples of spatial Stroop tasks that, in our view, satisfy such requirements and, thus, ensure producing complete Stroop effects.
Aflatoxin Concentrations in Various Rice Varieties of Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Tahir Nasir Ishaque , Hussain Shabbir , Kalim Imran , Asghar Amina , Syed Shahzada Khurram , Idrees Muhammad Amin , Ahmad Muhammad Ameen 
Published: August 2023

Background: Mycotoxins are secondary fungal metabolites that are produced in rice, corn, nuts and several other cereals. The contamination of food stuff by mycotoxins is a cause of numerous diseases throughout the world. Aflatoxins are potent mycotoxins that have chronic and acute toxicity.
Objectives: To evaluate the presence of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 in branded and non-branded rice varieties available in Punjab, Pakistan.
Methodology: Total 150 rice samples were collected in May 2019 from various cities (Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Gujar Khan, Jehlum, Kharian, Gujrat, Gujranwala, Lahore, Kasur, Okara, Sahiwal, Mian Channu, Khanewal, Multan, Bahawalpur and Rahim Yar Khan) of Pakistan. All the rice samples were subjected to physical testing methods, followed by extraction (using chloroform extraction method) and qualitative and quantitative detection of aflatoxin using Thin layer Chromatography (TLC) Technique and Enzyme linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Results: No aflatoxins was detected in branded rice varieties which were stored in good packaging. The aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was detected in 65% of poorly stored rice varieties, with maximum contamination of 8.92ppb. The lowest moisture 9.4% content was found in (branded samples) and 10.9% (non-branded samples) while highest moisture content 10.8% found in (branded samples) and 16% found in (non-branded samples). The 54 out 100 non-branded samples found to have more than 13% moisture contents which is alarming.
Conclusion: With the implementation of effective strategies and special precautions during storage, harvesting, transportation, drying and harvesting, we can prevent the contamination of rice product with fungi and stop aflatoxin production which is a major threat to country economy.
Plant Parasitic Nematodes Associated with Maple (Acer Caesium) And Poplar (Populous Nigra) In District Swabi
Authors: Muhammad Bilal , Khan Mian Sayed , . Saira 
Published: August 2023

Background: Parasitic nematodes are very destructive to crops, ornamental plants and woody plants as well which cause most severe diseases in plants and feed on the roots of these plants.
Objective: Main aim of this study is to identify different species of nematodes associated with Maple (Acer caesium) and Poplar (populous nigra) trees at district Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Methodology: Some Maple and Poplar growing areas of District Swabi were surveyed during the year 2019, for the occurrence and incidence of parasitic nematodes. Soil samples collected from different localities were analyzed for the nematodes. Plant-parasitic nematodes were extracted from soil by Cobb methods, and identified the species after fixation.
Result: Maximum analyzed simples were infected and among all localities seven different species of nematodes has been recorded. Maximum infection was recorded in Zaida, Manki and Anbar. Following nematodes were found named Paratylenchus Larvae, Aphelenchus avenae, helicotylenchus dihystera, Tylenchus, Trichodorous and Meloidogyne incognita. Ratio of occurrence among all different varieties of nematodes Meloidogyne incognita species shows most abundance in two localities Lahor and Zaida.
Conclusion: The results clearly indicate the fact that studied area is mostly infected with different types of parasitic nematodes species which highly affect the Maple (Acer caesium) and Poplar (populous nigra) plants.
MFPIM: A Deep Learning Model Based on Multimodal Fusion Technology for Pulsar Identification
Authors: Liu Yi , Jin Jing , Zhao Hongyang , He Xujie , Guo Yanan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
With the development of radio telescope technology, the quantity and types of acquired pulsar candidate data have increased dramatically. However, it is difficult to accurately identify pulsar candidates. Therefore, we propose to use multimodal fusion technology, called the multimodal fusion-based pulsar identification model (MFPIM), to build a deep learning model to improve the efficiency and accuracy of pulsar candidate identification. MFPIM treats each diagnostic plot of pulsar candidates as a modality and uses multiple convolutional neural networks to extract effective features from the diagnostic plots. After fusing the features, the commonality of different modalities in high-dimensional space is obtained to ensure that the model can take full advantage of the complementarity between diagnostic plots and thus identify pulsar candidates, achieved better classification performance than other current supervised learning algorithms. In addition, a channel attention mechanism is used in the model to enable it to learn the importance of different channel features so that the model focuses more on the channel information in the input data that is more meaningful for classification, reducing the model size while extracting pulsar diagnostic map features more accurately. We conducted experiments on the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) data set, and the results show that MFPIM can effectively identify the pulsars in the FAST data set with an identification accuracy of over 98%. To further verify the robustness of the model, we applied the MFPIM to the High Time Resolution Universe data set using transfer learning, with the test accuracy and F1 score reaching over 99%.
Efficiency of Magnetohydrodynamic Wave Generation in Weakly Ionized Atmospheres
Authors: Cally Paul S. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The generation of Alfvén and slow magnetoacoustic waves in weakly ionized atmospheres by excitation of the charges-only component of the two-fluid (charge and neutral) plasma is shown to be more or less efficient depending on the energy fraction initially allocated to the three stationary flow differential modes, which characterize the inter-species drift. This is explained via detailed analysis of the full 10-dimensional spectral description of two-fluid linear magnetohydrodynamics. Excitation via the velocity of the charges only is found to be very inefficient, in accord with previous results, while excitation via the magnetic field perturbation alone is highly efficient. All 10 eigenvalues and eigenvectors are presented analytically in the high collision frequency regime.
Comparative Analysis of TRGBs (CATs) from Unsupervised, Multi-halo-field Measurements: Contrast is Key
Authors: Wu J. , Scolnic D. , Riess A. G. , Anand G. S. , Beaton R. , Casertano S. , Ke X. , Li S. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) is an apparent discontinuity of the luminosity function (LF) due to the end of the red giant evolutionary phase and is used to measure distances in the local universe. In practice, tip localization via edge detection response (EDR) relies on several methods applied on a case-by-case basis. It is hard to evaluate how individual choices affect a distance estimation using only a single host field while also avoiding confirmation bias. To devise a standardized approach, we compare unsupervised, algorithmic analyses of the TRGB in multiple halo fields per galaxy. We first optimize methods for the lowest field-to-field dispersion, including spatial filtering, smoothing, and weighting of LF, color band selection, and tip selection based on the number of likely RGB stars and the ratio of stars below versus above the tip (R). We find R, which we call the tip contrast, to be the most important indicator of the quality of EDR measurements; higher R selection can decrease field-to-field dispersion. Further, since R is found to correlate with the age or metallicity of the stellar population based on theoretical modeling, it might result in a displacement of the detected tip magnitude. We find a tip-contrast relation with a slope of −0.023 ± 0.0046 mag/ratio, an ∼5σ result that can be used to correct these variations in the detections. When using TRGB to establish a distance ladder, consistent TRGB standardization using tip-contrast relation across rungs is vital to make robust cosmological measurements.
A Cross-internal Linear Combination Approach to Probe the Secondary CMB Anisotropies: Kinematic Sunyaev–Zel’dovich Effect and CMB Lensing
Authors: Raghunathan Srinivasan , Omori Yuuki 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We propose a cross-internal linear combination (cross-ILC) approach to measure the small-scale cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies robustly against the contamination from astrophysical signals. In particular, we focus on the mitigation of systematics from cosmic infrared background (CIB) and thermal Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (tSZ) signals in kinematic Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (kSZ) power spectrum and CMB lensing. We show the cross-spectrum measurement between two CMB maps created by nulling the contributions from CIB (CIB-free map) and tSZ (tSZ-free map) to be robust for kSZ, as the approach significantly suppresses the total contribution of CIB and tSZ signals. Similarly, for CMB lensing, we use the approach introduced by Madhavacheril & Hill but with a slight modification by using the tSZ-free and CIB-free maps in the two legs of the quadratic estimator. By cross-correlating the CMB lensing map created using this technique with galaxy surveys, we show that the biases from both CIB and tSZ are negligible. We also compute the impact of unmodeled CIB/tSZ residuals on kSZ and cosmological parameters, finding the kSZ measured using the standard ILC to be significantly biased. The kSZ estimate from the cross-ILC remains less affected by CIB/tSZ, making it crucial for current and upcoming CMB surveys such as the South Pole Telescope (SPT), Simons Observatory (SO), and CMB-S4. With the cross-ILC approach, we find that the total kSZ power spectrum can be measured at very high significance in the coming years: 35σ by SPT, 22σ by SO, and 80σ by CMB-S4. Finally, we forecast constraints on the epoch of reionization using the kSZ power spectrum and find that the duration of reionization, currently unconstrained by Planck, can be constrained to

σ
(
Δ

z

re

)

= 1.5 or 0.5 depending on the choice of the prior on the optical depth to reionization. The data products and the associated codes can be downloaded from this link (https://github.com/sriniraghunathan/cross_ilc_methods_paper).
Post-outburst Evolution of Bona Fide FU Ori-type V2493 Cygnus: A Spectro-photometric Monitoring
Authors: Ghosh Arpan , Sharma Saurabh , Ninan Joe P. , Ojha Devendra K. , Bhatt Bhuwan C. , Sahu D. K. , Baug Tapas , Yadav R. K. , Irawati Puji , Gour A. S. , Panwar Neelam , Pandey Rakesh , Sinha Tirthendu , Verma Aayushi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We present here the results of 8 yr of our near-simultaneous optical–near-infrared spectro-photometric monitoring of the bona fide FU Ori (FUor)-type candidate V2493 Cygnus (V2493 Cyg) starting from 2013 September to 2021 June. During our optical monitoring period (between 2015 October 16 and 2019 December 30), the V2493 Cyg is slowly dimming with an average dimming rate of ∼26.6 ± 5.6 mmag yr−1 in the V band. Our optical photometric colors show a significant reddening of the source post the second outburst pointing toward a gradual expansion of the emitting region post the second outburst. The mid-infrared colors, on the contrary, exhibit a blueing trend, which can be attributed to the brightening of the disk due to the outburst. Our spectroscopic monitoring shows a dramatic variation of the Hα line as it transitioned from absorption feature to the emission feature and back. Such transition can possibly be explained by the variation in the wind structure in combination with accretion. Combining our time evolution spectra of the Ca ii infrared triplet lines with the previously published spectra of V2493 Cyg, we find that the accretion region has stabilized compared to the early days of the outburst. The evolution of the O i
λ7773 Å line also points toward the stabilization of the circumstellar disk post the second outburst.
The JWST Resolved Stellar Populations Early Release Science Program. II. Survey Overview
Authors: Weisz Daniel R. , McQuinn Kristen B. W. , Savino Alessandro , Kallivayalil Nitya , Anderson Jay , Boyer Martha L. , Correnti Matteo , Geha Marla C. , Dolphin Andrew E. , Sandstrom Karin M. , Cole Andrew A. , Williams Benjamin F. , Skillman Evan D. , Cohen Roger E. , Newman Max J. B. , Beaton Rachael , Bressan Alessandro , Bolatto Alberto , Boylan-Kolchin Michael , Brooks Alyson M. , Bullock James S. , Conroy Charlie , Cooper M. C. , Dalcanton Julianne J. , Dotter Aaron L. , Fritz Tobias K. , Garling Christopher T. , Gennaro Mario , Gilbert Karoline M. , Girardi Léo , Johnson Benjamin D. , Johnson L. Clifton , Kalirai Jason S. , Kirby Evan N. , Lang Dustin , Marigo Paola , Richstein Hannah , Schlafly Edward F. , Schmidt Judy , Tollerud Erik J. , Warfield Jack T. , Wetzel Andrew 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We present the JWST Resolved Stellar Populations Early Release Science (ERS) program. We obtained 27.5 hr of NIRCam and NIRISS imaging of three targets in the Local Group (Milky Way globular cluster M92, ultrafaint dwarf galaxy Draco II, and star-forming dwarf galaxy WLM), which span factors of ∼105 in luminosity, ∼104 in distance, and ∼105 in surface brightness. We describe the survey strategy, scientific and technical goals, implementation details, present select NIRCam color–magnitude diagrams (CMDs), and validate the NIRCam exposure time calculator (ETC). Our CMDs are among the deepest in existence for each class of target. They touch the theoretical hydrogen-burning limit in M92 (<0.08 M
⊙; M
F090W ∼ +13.6), include the lowest-mass stars observed outside the Milky Way in Draco II (0.09 M
⊙; M
F090W ∼ +12.1), and reach ∼1.5 mag below the oldest main-sequence turnoff in WLM (M
F090W ∼ +4.6). The PARSEC stellar models provide a good qualitative match to the NIRCam CMDs, though they are ∼0.05 mag too blue compared to M92 F090W − F150W data. Our CMDs show detector-dependent color offsets ranging from ∼0.02 mag in F090W – F150W to ∼0.1 mag in F277W – F444W; these appear to be due to differences in the zero-point calibrations among the detectors. The NIRCam ETC (v2.0) matches the signal-to-noise ratios based on photon noise in uncrowded fields, but the ETC may not be accurate in more crowded fields, similar to what is known for the Hubble Space Telescope. We release the point-source photometry package DOLPHOT, optimized for NIRCam and NIRISS, for the community.
A Catalog of New Slowly Pulsating B-type Stars
Authors: Shi Xiang-dong , Qian Sheng-bang , Zhu Li-ying , Li Lin-jia 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper reports the discovery of new slowly pulsating B-type stars. Based on the photometric, spectral, and astrometric data of the TESS, LAMOST, and Gaia surveys, we have found 286 new slowly pulsating B-type (SPB) stars and 21 candidates. Among these, 20 are Be stars or candidates with emission-line profiles. It is shown that these SPB stars have luminosities between 40 and 2850 L
⊙ and effective temperatures ranging from 10,000 to 21,000 K. Their pulsation periods are from 0.14 to 6.5 days with amplitude ranges of 0.2–20 mmag in the TESS band. It is indicated that these targets follow the distribution of the SPB stars in the period–luminosity and the period–temperature diagrams. Their positions on the H-R diagram reveal that most of these pulsators are distributed in the instability region of SPB stars, in the main-sequence evolutionary stage, and with mass ranges of 2.5–7 M
⊙. However, there are some targets beyond the red edge of the theoretical instability region, which should be caused by the rapid rotation reducing the measured effective temperature. The discovery of these new SPB stars increases the total number by over 60%, which are significant samples for further investigating the structure and evolution of intermediate-mass and even massive stars by asteroseismology.
Short-term Effect of Strabismus Surgery on Choroidal Vasculature
Authors: Guler Alis Meryem , Alis Abdulkadir , Kucuk Abdulkadir , Acikalin Banu 
Published: August 2023

Purpose:
To investigate the effect of strabismus surgery on choroidal structure using the binarization method.

Methods:
Forty-two eyes of 27 patients who had surgery for horizontal strabismus were included in the study. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of the patients before the operation and at 1 day and 1 week after the operation were binarized. Total choroidal area (TCA), stromal area (SA), luminal area (LA), and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) were calculated and compared.

Results:
The mean age of the patients was 16.7 ± 13.5 years; 12 were female, and 15 were male. The mean spherical equivalent was 0.125 ± 0.50 diopters (D). The mean axial length value was 23.3 ± 1.3 mm. Preoperative TCA was 599686 ± 113451, LA was 394259 ± 67259, SA was 209180 ± 47723, and CVI was 0.66 ± 0.02. At 1 day postoperatively, TCA was 615575 ± 103686, LA was 395364 ± 60314, SA was 218418 ± 45620, and CVI was 0.65 ± 0.02. At 1 week postoperatively, TCA was 610997 ± 110578, LA was 394002 ± 65186, SA was 214995 ± 46481, and CVI was 0.66 ± 0.04. A statistically significant decrease in CVI and increase in TCA and SA were observed on the first postoperative day; these changes were observed as returning to preoperative values at 1 week postoperatively.

Conclusions:
Strabismus surgery temporarily decreases the CVI by increasing the SA of the choroidal layer, possibly due to hemodynamic changes and/or inflammatory causes in the early period.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2024;61(2):114–119.]