bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental reports of vaccine information statement usage in Utah
Authors: Jacobs Angela T. , Macintosh Janelle L. B. , Luthy Karlen E. (Beth) , Beckstrand Renea L. , Robinson Michael S. , Macintosh Christopher I. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Since the implementation in 1986, there is little research focused on vaccine information statements (VISs) use for vaccine education and parental perception.

Purpose:
To explore parental reports of dissemination and use of VISs.

Methods:
Data for this pilot, cross-sectional, descriptive study were collected through an online survey in both English and Spanish.

Results:
Responses from 130 parents in one school district were analyzed. Most participants (67.7%) reported getting vaccine information from a pediatric health care provider. A majority (71.5%) said that VISs were included in the vaccination process. Approximately one third of participants (37.7%) reported reading some or all the VIS before their child was vaccinated, and more than half (59.3%) read some or all the VIS after their child was vaccinated.

Conclusions:
While promising that many parents reported receiving a VIS, more than one quarter of parents reported they did not. Inadequate time to read and understand VIS information before an immunization may lead to limited parental understanding. Although some participants reported struggling to understand VISs, more than half said that VISs were helpful and would read another in the future.

Implications:
Without appropriate use of vaccine education material, providers miss the opportunity to educate parents on the risks and benefits of vaccinating their children. Providers must be aware of literacy levels and vaccine attitudes and create appropriate opportunities for parents to read and learn about vaccines. VISs are valuable educational tools for patients and parents. Improvements are needed to improve both VIS clarity and dissemination.
Non-Pharmacologic Treatments for Chronic and Episodic Migraine: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Chang Irene A. , Wells Michael W. , Wang Gi-Ming , Tatsuoka Curtis , Guyuron Bahman 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
Minimally invasive techniques for treatment-resistant migraine have been developed upon recent insights into the peripheral pathogenesis of migraines. Although there is a growing body of evidence supporting these techniques, no study has yet compared the effects of these treatments on headache frequency, severity, duration, and cost.

Methods:
PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched to identify randomized placebo-controlled trials that compared radiofrequency ablation, botulinum toxin-A (BT-A), nerve block, neurostimulation, or migraine surgery to placebo for preventive treatment. Data on changes from baseline to follow-up in headache frequency, severity, duration, and quality of life were analyzed.

Results:
A total of 30 randomized controlled trials and 2680 patients were included. Compared to placebo, there was a significant decrease in headache frequency in patients with nerve block (p=0.04) and surgery (p<0.001). Headache severity decreased in all treatments. Duration of headaches was significantly reduced in the BT-A (p<0.001) and surgery cohorts (p=0.01). Quality of life improved significantly in patients with BT-A, nerve stimulator, and migraine surgery. Migraine surgery had the longest lasting effects (11.5 months) compared with nerve ablation (6 months), BT-A (3.2 months), and nerve block (11.9 days).

Conclusion:
Migraine surgery is a cost-effective, long-term treatment to reduce headache frequency, severity, and duration without significant risk of complication. BT-A reduces headache severity and duration, but is short lasting and associated with greater adverse events and lifetime cost. Although efficacious, radiofrequency ablation and implanted nerve stimulators have high risks of adverse events and explanation, while benefits of nerve blocks are short in duration.
Local insulin improves wound healing: a Systematic Review and Bayesian Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Ramirez-GarciaLuna Jose L. , Rangel-Berridi Karla , Bergeron Amy , Kolosovas-Machuca E. Samuel , Wang Sheila C. , Berry Gregory K. , Martinez-Jimenez Mario A. 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Wounds are a significant health issue that requires reliable and safe strategies to promote repair. Clinical trials have demonstrated that local insulin promotes healing in acute and chronic wounds (i.e., reductions of 7-40% vs. placebo). However, the trials' sample sizes have prevented drawing solid conclusions. Furthermore, no analysis has focused on safety concerns, (i.e. hypoglycaemia). Under the hypothesis that local insulin promotes healing through pro-angiogenic effects and cellular recruitment, the aim of this systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) was to assess its safety and relative effectiveness using a Bayesian approach.

Methods:
Medline, CENTRAL, EMBASE, Scopus, LILACS, and grey literature sources were searched for human studies assessing the local use of insulin vs. any comparator since inception to October 2020. Data on glucose changes and adverse events, wound and treatment characteristics, and healing outcomes was extracted, and an NMA conducted.

Results:
A total of 949 reports were found, of which 23 (n = 1,240 patients) were included in the NMA. The studies evaluated six different therapies, and most comparisons were against placebo. NMA showed -1.8 mg/dL blood glucose change with insulin and a lack of reported adverse events. Statistically significant clinical outcomes identified include reduction in wound size (-27%), increased healing rate (23 mm/day), lower PUSH scores (-2.7), -10 days to attain complete closure, and an OR = 20 for complete wound closure with insulin use. Likewise, significantly increased neo-angiogenesis (+30 vessels/mm 2) and granulation tissue (+25%) were also found.

Conclusion:
Local insulin promotes wound healing without significant adverse events.
“Buccal Myomucosal Flap Repair for Velopharyngeal Dysfunction.”
Authors: Chiang Sarah N , Fotouhi Annahita R , Grames Lynn M , Skolnick Gary B , Snyder-Warwick Alison K , Patel Kamlesh B 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Velopharyngeal dysfunction is the incomplete separation of the nasal and oral cavities during speech sound production that can persist following primary palatoplasty. Surgical technique used in management of velopharyngeal dysfunction (palatal re-repair versus pharyngeal flap or sphincter pharyngoplasty) is often dictated by the preoperative velar closing ratio and closure pattern. Recently, buccal flaps have increased in popularity in management of velopharyngeal dysfunction. Here, we investigate the effectiveness of buccal myomucosal flaps in the treatment of velopharyngeal dysfunction.

Methods:
A retrospective review was performed of all patients undergoing secondary palatoplasty with buccal flaps at a single center between 2016-2021. Pre- and postoperative speech outcomes were compared. Speech assessments included perceptual examinations, graded on a four-point scale of hypernasality, and speech videofluoroscopy, from which velar closing ratio was obtained.

Results:
A total of 25 patients underwent buccal myomucosal flap procedures for velopharyngeal dysfunction at a median of 7.1 years after primary palatoplasty. Patients had significantly increased velar closing postoperatively (95% vs 50%, p<0.001) and improved speech scores (p<0.001). Three patients (12%) had continued hypernasality postoperatively. There were no occurrences of obstructive sleep apnea.

Conclusions

:’ Treatment of velopharyngeal dysfunction with buccal myomucosal flaps leads to improved speech outcomes without the risk of obstructive sleep apnea. Traditionally, palatal re-repair techniques have been utilized for smaller preoperative velopharyngeal gaps; however, the addition of buccal flaps allows for anatomic velar muscle correction for patients with a larger preoperative velopharyngeal gap.
Comparison of Effects Between Total Maxillary Setback Osteotomy and Anterior Maxillary Segmental Osteotomy on Nasolabial Morphology
Authors: Li Kehan , Chow Wingyan , Zhu Zhaokun , Tai Yue , Song Jian , Liu Yao , Luo En 
Published: March 2023

Background:
This study aimed to compare the effects of total maxillary setback osteotomy (TMSO) and anterior maxillary segmental osteotomy (AMSO) on nasolabial morphology.

Methods:
This retrospective clinical trial enrolled 130 patients undergoing maxillary surgery using TMSO or AMSO. Ten nasolabial-related parameters and nasal airway volume were measured pre-operatively and post-operatively. The soft tissue digital model was reconstructed using Geomagic Studio and Dolphin image 11.0. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Version 27.0.

Results:
A total of 75 patients underwent TMSO, and 55 underwent AMSO. Both techniques achieved optimal repositioning of the maxilla. Except for the dorsal nasal length, the dorsal nasal height, the length of the nasal columella, and the upper lip thickness, the remaining parameters were significantly different in the TMSO group. In the AMSO group, only the nasolabial angle, the alar base width, and the greatest alar width showed significant differences. There was a significant difference in the nasal airway volume for the TMSO group. The results of matching maps are consistent with the statistical results.

Conclusion:
TMSO has a more significant impact on both nose and upper lip soft tissues, while AMSO has a more significant impact on the upper lip and less on the nasal soft tissue. There is a significant decrease in nasal airway volume after TMSO, while AMSO showed less decrease. This retrospective study is helpful for clinicians and patients to understand the different changes in nasolabial morphology caused by the two interventions, which is essential for effective intervention and physician-patient communication.
Average 3D Skeletofacial Model as a Template for Maxillomandibular Repositioning During Virtual Orthognathic Surgical Planning
Authors: Ho Cheng Ting , Denadai Rafael , Lo Lun-Jou , Lin Hsiu-Hsia 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Virtual planning has revolutionized orthognathic surgery. This study presents a computer-assisted method for constructing average three-dimensional (3D) skeletofacial models that can be applied as a template for surgical planning for maxillomandibular repositioning.

Methods:
We used the images of 60 individuals (30 women and 30 men) who had never undergone orthognathic surgery to construct an average 3D skeletofacial model for male participants and one for female participants. We validated the accuracy of the newly developed skeletofacial models by comparing their images with 30 surgical simulation images (i.e., skulls) that had been created using 3D cephalometric normative data. The comparison was conducted by superimposing surgical simulation images created using our models with the previously created images to analyze their differences, particularly differences in the jawbone position.

Results:
For all participants, we compared the jaw position in the surgical simulation images created using our average 3D skeletofacial models with that in the images created using 3D cephalometric normative data. The results revealed that the planned maxillary and mandibular positions were similar in both images and that the differences between all facial landmarks were <1 mm, except for one dental position. Most studies have reported <2 mm to be the success criterion for the distance difference between planned and outcome images; thus, our data indicate high consistency between the images in terms of jawbone position.

Conclusions:
Our average 3D skeletofacial models provide an innovative template-assisted orthognathic surgery planning modality that can enhance the fully digital workflow for virtual orthognathic surgical planning.

RISK STUDIES/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, II.
Endemic, epidemic and pandemic infections: the roles of natural and acquired herd immunity
Authors: Stevens Dennis L. , Bryant Amy E. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of review
This review summarizes the general concepts of innate and acquired immunity, including vaccine use and hesitancy, as they relate to reduction of the global burden of highly communicable infectious diseases.

Recent findings
Vaccination to increase herd immunity remains the cornerstone of disease prevention worldwide yet global vaccination goals are not being met. Modern obstacles to vaccine acceptance include hesitancy, reduced altruistic intentions, impact of COVID-19, distrust of science and governmental agencies as well as recent geopolitical and environmental disasters. Together, such barriers have negatively impacted immunization rates worldwide, resulting in epidemics and pandemics of serious life-threatening infections from vaccine-preventable diseases, especially those affecting children. In addition, pathogens thought to be controlled or eradicated are reemerging with new genetic traits, making them more able to evade natural and acquired immunity, including that induced by available vaccines. Lastly, many serious and widespread infectious diseases await development and utilization of efficacious vaccines.

Summary
The global burden of communicable diseases remains high, necessitating continued pathogen surveillance as well as vaccine development, deployment and continued efficacy testing. Equally important is the need to educate aggressively the people and their leaders on the benefits of vaccination to the individual, local community and the human population as a whole.
Communicate About Quality and Safety: Let's Think Outside the Box! Experience From a Cancer Center
Authors: Seaume Aline , Bouyssou Virginie , Bruch Laurence , Forcet Samuel , Lacroix Carine , Verger David , Lheureux Clarys 
Published: March 2023

Background and Objectives:
While the priority of caregivers in any health care establishment is patient care, they are often constrained by time and cannot fully devote themselves to projects aiming at improving the quality and safety of care. Although the culture of quality is widespread in health care establishments, the quality and safety department team must continue to improve existing procedures and develop new ones, in order to reinforce the take-home message that safety is of paramount importance. Since good communication is a key factor in the success of quality plans, the quality and safety team in our establishment is placing special emphasis on “out of the ordinary” activities that take professional carers out of their daily routines, arouse their curiosity, and increase their adherence to quality procedures.

Methods:
The issues addressed during these activities are based on the year-round continuous assessment of in-house procedures. Only those that have been deemed essential for safe care are focused upon. Most of the activities that are implemented have already been tried and tested in the fields of industry and aviation, and they all have a fun, collaborative, and creative component. Their impact and effect are assessed by carrying out the same assessments as those used at the beginning on the project.

Results:
These innovative activities, which have received strong support from the staff, have had a positive effect on interdepartmental cooperation, on the adherence to the new methods presented, and on ensuring that information is made available to the greatest number of professionals. They have allowed the staff to acquire and consolidate new professional knowledge and have promoted good practice.

Conclusion:
This new program of activities has considerably improved the safety culture within our establishment. While the relationship between the skills of professionals and patient safety is clear to all, the message needs to be delivered in an original way that makes a lasting impression, in addition to using “standard” communication methods such as plenary meetings. The bottom line is to get as many professionals as possible fully adherent to the culture of quality, since quality is everyone's business and health care procedures are constantly evolving. Based on our experience, we provide a set of activities that can be improved and adapted according to the setting in which it is used.
The Assessment of Intermaxillary Fixation and Open Reduction Using Skeletal Anchorage System Compared With Arch Bar in Mandible Fracture Based on CT Image
Authors: Park Han Ick , Choi Young-Jin , Lee Jee-Ho 
Published: March 2023

Background:
There are many different techniques to achieve intermaxillary fixation (IMF) for open reduction of mandible fractures. The arch bar has long been used as the gold standard of IMF to assist open reduction. However, owing to its long operating time, risk of needle stick injury, and gingival trauma, surgeons looked into different treatment options for IMF, such as the skeletal anchorage system (SAS). Therefore, this study aimed to compare the stability between IMF with arch bar and IMF with SAS based on computed tomography image.

Materials and Methods:
In this retrospective study, postoperative computed tomography and panoramic radiographs were taken 1 week and 6 months after surgery, respectively. The treatment of mandibular fractures using IMF with arch bar and SAS were compared by evaluating changes in the dental midlines and condyle positions. Thirty patients with mandibular fractures were enrolled into 2 groups—IMF with arch bar and IMF with SAS.

Results:
The arch bar showed slightly more deviation in dental midline. In SAS, the condyle moved more medially compared with the arch bar.

Conclusions:
Skeletal anchorage system could be used for IMF with reliable stability in mandible fracture. There were no significant differences in the treatment outcome between the 2 groups.
Comparative economics: how studying other primates helps us better understand the evolution of our own economic decision making
Authors: Brosnan Sarah F. , Wilson Bart J. 
Published: March 2023

The origins of evolutionary games are rooted in both economics and animal behaviour, but economics has, until recently, focused primarily on humans. Although historically, specific games were used in targeted circumstances with non-human species (i.e. the Prisoner's Dilemma), experimental economics has been increasingly recognized as a valuable method for directly comparing both the outcomes of economic decisions and their underlying mechanisms across species, particularly in comparison with humans, thanks to the structured procedures that allow for them to be instantiated across a variety of animals. So far, results in non-human primates suggest that even when outcomes are shared, underlying proximate mechanisms can vary substantially. Intriguingly, in some contexts non-human primates more easily find a Nash equilibrium than do humans, possibly owing to their greater willingness to explore the parameter space, but humans excel at more complex outcomes, such as alternating between two Nash equilibria, even when deprived of language or instruction, suggesting potential mechanisms that humans have evolved to allow us to solve complex social problems. We consider what these results suggest about the evolution of economic decision-making and suggest future directions, in particular the need to expand taxonomic diversity, to expand this promising approach.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Half a century of evolutionary games: a synthesis of theory, application and future directions'.
Cooperation and coordination in heterogeneous populations
Authors: Wang Xiaomin , Couto Marta C. , Wang Nianyi , An Xinmiao , Chen Bin , Dong Yali , Hilbe Christian , Zhang Boyu 
Published: March 2023

One landmark application of evolutionary game theory is the study of social dilemmas. This literature explores why people cooperate even when there are strong incentives to defect. Much of this literature, however, assumes that interactions are symmetric. Individuals are assumed to have the same strategic options and the same potential pay-offs. Yet many interesting questions arise once individuals are allowed to differ. Here, we study asymmetry in simple coordination games. In our set-up, human participants need to decide how much of their endowment to contribute to a public good. If a group’s collective contribution reaches a pre-defined threshold, all group members receive a reward. To account for possible asymmetries, individuals either differ in their endowments or their productivities. According to a theoretical equilibrium analysis, such games tend to have many possible solutions. In equilibrium, group members may contribute the same amount, different amounts or nothing at all. According to our behavioural experiment, however, humans favour the equilibrium in which everyone contributes the same proportion of their endowment. We use these experimental results to highlight the non-trivial effects of inequality on cooperation, and we discuss to which extent models of evolutionary game theory can account for these effects.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Half a century of evolutionary games: a synthesis of theory, application and future directions'.
The future of theoretical evolutionary game theory
Authors: Traulsen Arne , Glynatsi Nikoleta E. 
Published: March 2023

Evolutionary game theory is a truly interdisciplinary subject that goes well beyond the limits of biology. Mathematical minds get hooked up in simple models for evolution and often gradually move into other parts of evolutionary biology or ecology. Social scientists realize how much they can learn from evolutionary thinking and gradually transfer insight that was originally generated in biology. Computer scientists can use their algorithms to explore a new field where machines not only learn from the environment, but also from each other. The breadth of the field and the focus on a few very popular issues, such as cooperation, comes at a price: several insights are re-discovered in different fields under different labels with different heroes and modelling traditions. For example, reciprocity or spatial structure are treated differently. Will we continue to develop things in parallel? Or can we converge to a single set of ideas, a single tradition and eventually a single software repository? Or will these fields continue to cross-fertilize each other, learning from each other and engaging in a constructive exchange between fields? Ultimately, the popularity of evolutionary game theory rests not only on its explanatory power, but also on the intuitive character of its models.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Half a century of evolutionary games: a synthesis of theory, application and future directions’.
Game theory in biology: 50 years and onwards
Authors: Leimar Olof , McNamara John M. 
Published: March 2023

Game theory in biology gained prominence 50 years ago, when Maynard Smith & Price formulated the concept of an evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS). Their aim was to explain why conflicts between animals of the same species usually are of a ‘limited war’ type, not causing serious injury. They emphasized that game theory is an alternative to previous ideas about group selection, which were used by ethologists to explain limited aggression. Subsequently, the ESS concept was applied to many phenomena with frequency dependence in the evolutionary success of strategies, including sex allocation, alternative mating types, contest behaviour and signalling, cooperation, and parental care. Both the analyses of signalling and cooperation were inspired by similar problems in economics and attracted much attention in biology. Here we give a perspective on which of the ambitions in the field have been achieved, with a focus on contest behaviour and cooperation. We evaluate whether the game-theoretical study of the evolution of cooperation has measured up to expectations in explaining the behaviour of non-human animals. We also point to potentially fruitful directions for the field, and emphasize the importance of incorporating realistic behavioural mechanisms into models.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Half a century of evolutionary games: a synthesis of theory, application and future directions’.