bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High resolution spatial mapping of the electrocaloric effect in a multilayer ceramic capacitor using scanning thermal microscopy
Authors: Baxter Olivia E , Kumar Amit , Gregg J Marty , McQuaid Raymond G P 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) is emerging as a powerful atomic force microscope based platform for mapping dynamic temperature distributions on the nanoscale. To date, however, spatial imaging of temperature changes in electrocaloric (EC) materials using this technique has been very limited. We build on the prior works of Kar-Narayan et al (2013 Appl. Phys. Lett.
102 032903) and Shan et al (2020 Nano Energy
67 104203) to show that SThM can be used to spatially map EC temperature changes on microscopic length scales, here demonstrated in a commercially obtained multilayer ceramic capacitor. In our approach, the EC response is measured at discrete locations with point-to-point separation as small as 125 nm, allowing for reconstruction of spatial maps of heating and cooling, as well as their temporal evolution. This technique offers a means to investigate EC responses at sub-micron length scales, which cannot easily be accessed by the more commonly used infrared thermal imaging approaches.
From clean room to machine room: commissioning of the first-generation BrainScaleS wafer-scale neuromorphic system
Authors: Schmidt Hartmut , Montes José , Grübl Andreas , Güttler Maurice , Husmann Dan , Ilmberger Joscha , Kaiser Jakob , Mauch Christian , Müller Eric , Sterzenbach Lars , Schemmel Johannes , Schmitt Sebastian 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The first-generation of BrainScaleS, also referred to as BrainScaleS-1, is a neuromorphic system for emulating large-scale networks of spiking neurons. Following a ‘physical modeling’ principle, its VLSI circuits are designed to emulate the dynamics of biological examples: analog circuits implement neurons and synapses with time constants that arise from their electronic components’ intrinsic properties. It operates in continuous time, with dynamics typically matching an acceleration factor of 10 000 compared to the biological regime. A fault-tolerant design allows it to achieve wafer-scale integration despite unavoidable analog variability and component failures. In this paper, we present the commissioning process of a BrainScaleS-1 wafer module, providing a short description of the system’s physical components, illustrating the steps taken during its assembly and the measures taken to operate it. Furthermore, we reflect on the system’s development process and the lessons learned to conclude with a demonstration of its functionality by emulating a wafer-scale synchronous firing chain, the largest spiking network emulation ran with analog components and individual synapses to date.
Dark-centred umbels in Apiaceae: diversity, development and evolution
Authors: Claßen-Bockhoff Regine , Celep Ferhat , Ajani Yousef , Frenken Lisa , Reuther Kerstin , Doğan Musa 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The wild carrot (Daucus carota) is famous for its dark flowers in the umbel centre. Several studies have been conducted to figure out their functional significance, but the evolution of the dark centre remains an enigma. In the present paper, we consider all known apioid species with dark-centred umbels to get a deeper understanding of their biology and evolution. Based on herbaria studies, literature and field work, we reconstructed the distribution area of 10 species (7 genera, 6 clades) of Apiaceae-Apioideae. To recognize homology of the dark structures, developmental studies were conducted in Artedia squamata and Echiophora trichophylla Field studies included architecture, flower morph distribution (andromonoecy) and flowering sequence within the plants, abundancy and behaviour of umbel visitors and preliminary manipulation experiments (removal/adding of dark structures). The dark structures are not homologous to each other. In the Daucus alliance, central flowers or umbellets are conspicuous, whereas in other species dark brush-like (A. squamata) or club-shaped structures (Dicyclophora persica, Echinophora trichophylla, Tordylium aegyptiacum, T. cappadocicum) develop from a naked receptacle. Species are andromonoecious, have a modular architecture and flower in multicyclic protandrous sequence. Among the many umbel visitors, beetles were the most abundant group. Only visitors found on umbels in both flowering phases were recognized as possible pollinators. Manipulation experiments indicated that the dark structures influence the behaviour of some, but not all umbel visitors. In Echinophora trichophylla, a massive gall infection was observed. It is evident that the dark structures evolved several times in parallel. The brush- and club-shaped structures are interpreted as the results of mutations affecting umbel development. Dark umbel centres are most likely stabilized by selection due to their general adaptive function. Their appearance in an area known as a hotspot of beetle pollination gives rise to the assumption that they may act as beetle marks.
Surgical Anatomy of the Ligamentous Attachments in the Superoposterior Scalp Region
Authors: Bran Greg , Van Genechten Maarten 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Hairline-lowering surgery has become increasingly popular in recent years, but little investigation into the surgical anatomy of the scalp has been performed.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to describe findings based on clinical observation and anatomic study of ligamentous attachments in the superoposterior region of the scalp.

Methods
Six fresh cadaveric heads were dissected to identify connective tissue structures in the superoposterior scalp region. The areas of interest were along the sagittal suture towards the lambda, the obelion, and around the lambdoid suture. The location and dimensions of identified connective tissue attachments were documented with reference to described skeletal landmarks.

Results
Three distinct structures could be identified: (1) a cylindrical structure that sits at the posterior end of the sagittal suture with the parietal foramina in its base. This ligamentous structure extends from the pericranium into the galea, causes dimpling in the skin, and contains emissary veins. As this fulfills the criteria for an osseocutaneous retaining ligament, the term “cranial retaining ligament” is proposed. (2) Anterior to this ligament a connective tissue thickening was identified running along the sagittal suture and blending into the ligament, for which the term “sagittal adhesion” is proposed. (3) Another adhesion was identified just superior to the lambdoid suture, posterior to the retaining ligament, for which the term “supralambdoid adhesion” is proposed.

Conclusions
Identification and better understanding of ligamentous structures in the superoposterior scalp allows for a safer and more effective advancement of the scalp in hairline-lowering surgery, which is a benefit to both patients and surgeons.
aenmd: annotating escape from nonsense-mediated decay for transcripts with protein-truncating variants
Authors: Klonowski Jonathan , Liang Qianqian , Coban-Akdemir Zeynep , Lo Cecilia , Kostka Dennis 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Summary
DNA changes that cause premature termination codons (PTCs) represent a large fraction of clinically relevant pathogenic genomic variation. Typically, PTCs induce transcript degradation by nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) and render such changes loss-of-function alleles. However, certain PTC-containing transcripts escape NMD and can exert dominant-negative or gain-of-function (DN/GOF) effects. Therefore, systematic identification of human PTC-causing variants and their susceptibility to NMD contributes to the investigation of the role of DN/GOF alleles in human disease. Here we present aenmd, a software for annotating PTC-containing transcript-variant pairs for predicted escape from NMD. aenmd is user-friendly and self-contained. It offers functionality not currently available in other methods and is based on established and experimentally validated rules for NMD escape; the software is designed to work at scale, and to integrate seamlessly with existing analysis workflows. We applied aenmd to variants in the gnomAD, Clinvar, and GWAS catalog databases and report the prevalence of human PTC-causing variants in these databases, and the subset of these variants that could exert DN/GOF effects via NMD escape.

Availability and implementation
aenmd is implemented in the R programming language. Code is available on GitHub as an R-package (github.com/kostkalab/aenmd.git), and as a containerized command-line interface (github.com/kostkalab/aenmd_cli.git).
Genetic risks of Alzheimer’s by APOE and MAPT on cortical morphology in young healthy adults
Authors: Huang Weijie , Zeng Jianmin , Jia Lina , Zhu Dajiang , O’Brien John , Ritchie Craig , Shu Ni , Su Li 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Genetic risk factors such as APOE ε4 and MAPT (rs242557) A allele are associated with amyloid and tau pathways and grey matter changes at both early and established stages of Alzheimer’s disease, but their effects on cortical morphology in young healthy adults remain unclear. A total of 144 participants aged from 18 to 24 underwent 3T MRI and genotyping for APOE and MAPT to investigate unique impacts of these genetic risk factors in a cohort without significant comorbid conditions such as metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. We segmented the cerebral cortex into 68 regions and calculated the cortical area, thickness, curvature and folding index for each region. Then, we trained machine learning models to classify APOE and MAPT genotypes using these morphological features. In addition, we applied a growing hierarchical self-organizing maps algorithm, which clustered the 68 regions into 4 subgroups representing different morphological patterns. Then, we performed general linear model analyses to estimate the interaction between APOE and MAPT on cortical patterns. We found that the classifiers using all cortical features could accurately classify individuals carrying genetic risks of dementia outperforming each individual feature alone. APOE ε4 carriers had a more convoluted and thinner cortex across the cerebral cortex. A similar pattern was found in MAPT A allele carriers only in the regions that are vulnerable for early tau pathology. With the clustering analysis, we found a synergetic effect between APOE ε4 and MAPT A allele, i.e. carriers of both risk factors showed the most deviation of cortical pattern from the typical pattern of that cluster. Genetic risk factors of dementia by APOE ε4 and MAPT (rs242557) A allele were associated with variations of cortical morphology, which can be observed in young healthy adults more than 30 years before Alzheimer’s pathology is likely to occur and 50 years before dementia symptoms may begin.
Feminist Commitments Towards a Horizontal Women, Peace, and Security Critical Learning Community
Authors: Luttrell-Rowland Mikaela , Prandini Assis Mariana , Segalo Puleng ,   The Women Peace and Security Collective, Afkar Nasser , Ikasilon Agnes , Mulibinge Aline Sifa , Apendeki Alphonsine , Ayoola-Amale Ayo , Rinyu Bantar Samuela , Ochongo Beatrice Sharon , Mukade Bridget Sharon , Chongwain Christelle Bay , Mushayi Constance , Chea Florence Munteh , Chinzete Gillian , Nfoh Jennet , Yarima Jennifer , Abdulrazaq Kabirat , Abubakar Kaltume , Gbowee Leymah , Matlakala Limpho , Matlakala Lineo , Kalake Makhotso , Makhele Mamello , Sedziafa Margaret , Mutisi Martha , Juan Mary , Hassan Mazahir Ali , Osei-Konadu Mercy , Fine Michelle , Abdulrazaq Muibat , Abdi Nuria , Alfadil Omima , Kavata Racheal , Abubaker Rasha , Yuyada Riya Williams , Faida Rose , Ochieng Ruth , wa Mwilambwe Seya , Auma Susy , Katooko Sylvia , Madziro Tatenda , Abdalla Zaki Varna Joseph 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper features the process whereby an experimental Women, Peace, and Security (WPS) program fostered a critical learning community around peace and security across 13 countries and with 40 women. It addresses the epistemological questions of doing research in collective ways (with and among activists/scholars), the axiological challenge of recognizing and embracing counter-expertise, and the possibilities for incorporating values and practices of care as well as non-extractivism in producing and disseminating knowledge. By articulating the core ethical principles that emerged from this experience, the paper suggests a critical feminist epistemological commitment in taking seriously grassroots women's knowledge in peace and security processes, rather than what is often done in both policy and academy: prescribing their needs from above, interpreting their knowledge from the outside, and advising what problems to tackle and how to live.
Phase 1b safety and pharmacokinetics of intravenous and oral fosmanogepix in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia and neutropenia
Authors: Cornely Oliver A , Ostermann Helmut , Koehler Philipp , Teschner Daniel , Limburg Endrik , Kramer William G , Barbat Sara H , Tawadrous Margaret , Hodges Michael R 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Fosmanogepix (APX001), a first-in-class, intravenous (IV) and oral (PO) antifungal prodrug, is being developed to treat invasive fungal diseases (IFDs). Manogepix (APX001A; active moiety) targets fungal glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored cell wall transfer protein 1, inhibiting cell wall synthesis causing loss of viability. This open-label, multicentre, Phase 1b study in patients with AML and neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count &lt;500 cells/μL; &gt;10 days) undergoing chemotherapy aimed to assess tolerability, safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) of IV and PO fosmanogepix.

Methods
Of 21 adult AML patients undergoing remission induction chemotherapy, 10 received IV fosmanogepix (600 mg; q24h) and 11 received oral fosmanogepix (500 mg; q24h) over 14 days, with a 28 day follow-up. Patients also received remission induction chemotherapy [sequential high-dose cytarabine and mitoxantrone (S-HAM) or 7 + 3 regimen] for AML and IFD prophylaxis (posaconazole). A two-compartmental PK model from previous studies in healthy volunteers was fitted to manogepix plasma data.

Results
Of 26 fosmanogepix-related adverse events (AEs; IV: 14; PO: 12) in 9 (42.9%) patients [IV: 5 (50%); PO: 4 (36.4%)], none were serious or resulted in fosmanogepix discontinuation. Most frequently occurring fosmanogepix-related AEs were Grade 1/2 nausea [four events in three patients (14.3%)]; vomiting, ALT increase, and delirium [two events; two patients (9.5%) each]. One patient experienced fosmanogepix-related Grade 3 hypertension. Dose-corrected geometric mean ratio of AUC (PO-to-IV) was 95%. Elimination half-lives (∼2 days) were consistent with prior studies in healthy volunteers.

Conclusions
Fosmanogepix was safe and well tolerated in AML patients with neutropenia receiving remission induction chemotherapy. Safety and PK profiles were comparable to healthy volunteers.
Decision Theory without Luminosity
Authors: Isaacs Yoaav , Levinstein Benjamin A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Our decision-theoretic states are not luminous. We are imperfectly reliable at identifying our own credences, utilities and available acts, and thus can never be more than imperfectly reliable at identifying the prescriptions of decision theory. The lack of luminosity affords decision theory a remarkable opportunity — to issue guidance on the basis of epistemically inaccessible facts. We show how a decision theory can guarantee action in accordance with contingent truths about which an agent is arbitrarily uncertain. It may seem that such advantages would require dubiously adverting to externalist facts that go beyond the internalism of traditional decision theory, but this is not so. Using only the standard repertoire of decision-theoretic tools, we show how to modify existing decision theories to take advantage of this opportunity. These improved decision theories require agents to maximize conditional expected utility — expected utility conditional upon an agent’s actual decision situation. We call such modified decision theories ‘self-confident’. These self-confident decision theories have a distinct advantage over standard decision theories: their prescriptions are better.
The energy and dynamics of trapped radiative feedback with stellar winds
Authors: Geen Sam , Bieri Rebekka , de Koter Alex , Kimm Taysun , Rosdahl Joakim 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we explore the significant, non-linear impact that stellar winds have on H ii regions. We perform a parameter study using three-dimensional radiative magnetohydrodynamic simulations of wind and ultraviolet radiation feedback from a 35 M⊙ star formed self-consistently in a turbulent, self-gravitating cloud, similar to the Orion Nebula (M42) and its main ionizing source θ1 Ori C. Stellar winds suppress early radiative feedback by trapping ionizing radiation in the shell around the wind bubble. Rapid breakouts of warm photoionized gas (‘champagne flows’) still occur if the star forms close to the edge of the cloud. The impact of wind bubbles can be enhanced if we detect and remove numerical overcooling caused by shocks crossing grid cells. However, the majority of the energy in the wind bubble is still lost to turbulent mixing between the wind bubble and the gas around it. These results begin to converge if the spatial resolution at the wind bubble interface is increased by refining the grid on pressure gradients. Wind bubbles form a thin chimney close to the star, which then expands outwards as an extended plume once the wind bubble breaks out of the dense core the star formed in, allowing them to expand faster than a spherical wind bubble. We also find wind bubbles mixing completely with the photoionized gas when the H ii region breaks out of the cloud as a champagne flow, a process we term ‘hot champagne’.
Can massive stars form in low mass clouds?
Authors: Smith Jamie D , Jaffa Sarah E , Krause Martin G H 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
The conditions required for massive star formation are debated, particularly whether massive stars must form in conjunction with massive clusters. Some authors have advanced the view that stars of any mass (below the total cluster mass) can form in clusters of any mass with some probability (random sampling). Others pointed out that the scatter in the determinations of the most massive star mass for a given cluster mass was consistent with the measurement error, such that the mass of the most massive star was determined by the total cluster mass (optimal sampling). Here, we investigate the relation between cluster mass (Mecl) and the maximum stellar mass (Mmax) using a suite of SPH simulations. Varying cloud mass and turbulence random seed results in a range of cluster masses which we compare with their respective maximum star masses. We find that more massive clusters will have, on average, higher mass stars with this trend being steeper at lower cluster masses ($M_{max} \propto M_ {ecl}^{0.31}$ for $M_ {ecl}\lt 500\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$) and flattening at higher cluster masses ($M_ {max} \propto M_ {ecl}^{0.11}$ for $M_ {ecl}\gt 500\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$). This rules out purely stochastic star formation in our simulations. Significant scatter in the maximum masses with identical initial conditions also rules out the possibility that the relation is purely deterministic (that is that a given cluster mass will result in a specific maximum stellar mass). In conclusion our simulations disagree with both random and optimal sampling of the initial mass function.
SN 2021gno: a calcium-rich transient with double-peaked light curves
Authors: Ertini K , Folatelli G , Martinez L , Bersten M C , Anderson J P , Ashall C , Baron E , Bose S , Brown P J , Burns C , DerKacy J M , Ferrari L , Galbany L , Hsiao E , Kumar S , Lu J , Mazzali P , Morrell N , Orellana M , Pessi P J , Phillips M M , Piro A L , Polin A , Shahbandeh M , Shappee B J , Stritzinger M , Suntzeff N B , Tucker M , Elias-Rosa N , Kuncarayakti H , Gutiérrez C P , Kozyreva A , Müller-Bravo T E , Chen T -W , Hinkle J T , Payne A V , Székely P , Szalai T , Barna B , Könyves-Tóth R , Bánhidi D , Bíró I B , Csányi I , Kriskovits L , Pál A , Szabó Zs , Szakáts R , Vida K , Vinkó J , Gromadzki M , Harvey L , Nicholl M , Paraskeva E , Young D R , Englert B 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
We present extensive ultraviolet (UV) and optical photometric and optical spectroscopic follow-up of supernova (SN) 2021gno by the ‘Precision Observations of Infant Supernova Explosions’ (POISE) project, starting less than 2 d after the explosion. Given its intermediate luminosity, fast photometric evolution, and quick transition to the nebular phase with spectra dominated by [Ca ii] lines, SN 2021gno belongs to the small family of Calcium-rich transients. Moreover, it shows double-peaked light curves, a phenomenon shared with only four other Calcium-rich events. The projected distance from the centre of the host galaxy is not as large as other objects in this family. The initial optical light-curve peaks coincide with a very quick decline of the UV flux, indicating a fast initial cooling phase. Through hydrodynamical modelling of the bolometric light curve and line velocity evolution, we found that the observations are compatible with the explosion of a highly stripped massive star with an ejecta mass of $0.8\, M_\odot$ and a 56Ni mass of 0.024 M⊙. The initial cooling phase (first light-curve peak) is explained by the presence of an extended circumstellar material comprising ∼$10^{-2}\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$ with an extension of $1100\, R_{\odot }$. We discuss if hydrogen features are present in both maximum-light and nebular spectra, and their implications in terms of the proposed progenitor scenarios for Calcium-rich transients.
Reconceptualizing Music Therapy in Acute Mental Health Settings Part I: A Descriptive Overview of Single-Session Therapy
Authors: Silverman Michael J 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Single-session therapy (SST) is a collaborative, direct, and transparent approach to providing treatment that emphasizes service users having active and empowered roles in determining the focus, solutions, and extent of the therapy. Clinicians developed SST as many adult mental health service users only receive a single session of therapy. Service users tend to be satisfied with SST and often chose to not return for additional sessions. SST emphasizes the strengths, resources, and resilience of service users and increases treatment access while limiting costs. Some of the impetus for SST is based on research indicating that rapid improvement tends to occur early in treatment with additional sessions being less impactful. In Part I, I provide a descriptive overview and synthesis of the SST literature. I conclude Part I by naming assumptions of long-term therapy and SST. In Part II, I describe approaches to conducting SST, apply SST to music therapy, and provide a critical reflection of SST.