bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supplemental Material: The eight architectural zones of nonmarine basins
Authors: Loughney Katharine M. , Holland Steven M. 
Published: August 2023

<p>Animations S1–S14: Trajectories of the Dead Sea Basin (S1), Death Valley (S2), Owens Valley (S3), Lake Malawi Basin (S4), Lake Tanganyika Basin (S5), Lake Turkana Basin (S6), Lake Lahontan Basin (S7), Lake Bonneville Basin (S8), Lake Baikal Basin (S9), Española Basin (S10), Paso del Sapo Basin (S11), Greater Green River Basin (S12), Hanna Basin (S13), and Rock Springs Basin (S14). Table S1: Data used for hypothetical basin trajectories in Figure 8. Table S2: Sediment-accumulation rates (SAR) for each division of the basins in Figures 9–12, Animations S1–S16, and Table 3. Table S3: Subsidence rates for each division of the basins in Figures 9–12, Animations S1–S16, and Table 3. Accommodation calculated with Backstripper (Holland, 2021). Table S4: Water balance estimates from lake level and outcrop area for each division of basins in Figures 9–12, Animations S1–S16, and Table 3. Table S5. Data used to calculate sediment-accumulation rates (SAR) and subsidence rates for stratigraphic columns in Figure 13. References Cited: Literature sources used to compile information in Tables S2–S4. Item S1: R code to transform data, code to plot Figures 9, 10, 12, 13, and Animations S1–S16. Item S2: Data file of basin names, sedimentation rates, subsidence rates, and water balance estimates used to make Figures 9, 10, 12, 13, and Animations S1–S16. Item S3: Data file of hypothetical basin type, sedimentation rates, subsidence rates, and water balance estimates used to make Figure 8. Item S4: Data file of columns, sedimentation rates, and subsidence rates used to make Figure 13. </p>
Detection bias in open-label trials of anticancer drugs: a meta-epidemiological study
Authors: Funada Satoshi , Luo Yan , Kataoka Yuki , Yoshioka Takashi , Fujita Yusuke , Yoshida Shinya , Katsura Morihiro , Tada Masafumi , Nishioka Norihiro , Nakamura Yoshiaki , Ueno Kentaro , Uozumi Ryuji , Furukawa Toshi A 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesIn anticancer clinical trials, particularly open-label trials, central reviewers are recommended to evaluate progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR) to avoid detection bias of local investigators. However, it is not clear whether the bias has been adequately identified, or to what extent it consistently distorts the results. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the detection bias in oncological open-label trials by confirming whether local investigators overestimate the PFS and ORR compared with the findings of central reviewers.DesignMeta-epidemiological study.Data sourcesMEDLINE via PubMed from 1 January 2010 to 30 June 2021.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesOpen-label, parallel-group superiority, randomised trials of anticancer drugs that adjudicated PFS or ORR by both central reviewers and local investigators.Review methodsWe assessed the values for the same outcome (PFS and ORR) adjudicated by both central reviewers and local investigators. A random-effects model was used to estimate the ratio of HR (RHR) for PFS and the ratio of OR (ROR) for ORR between central reviewers and local investigators. An RHR lower than 1 and an ROR higher than 1 indicated an overestimation of the effect estimated by local investigators.ResultsWe retrieved 1197 records of oncological open-label trials after full-text screening. We identified 171 records (PFS: 149 records, ORR: 136 records) in which both central reviewers and local investigators were used, and included 114 records (PFS: 92 records, ORR: 74 records) for meta-analyses. While the RHR for PFS was 0.95 (95% CI 0.91 to 0.98), the ROR of ORR was 1.00 (95% CI 0.91 to 1.09). The results remained unchanged in the prespecified sensitivity analysis.ConclusionsThis meta-epidemiological study found that overestimation of local investigators has a small impact on evaluating PFS and ORR in oncological open-label trials. However, a limitation of this study is that it did not include data from all trials; hence, the results may not fully evaluate detection bias. The necessity of central reviewers in oncological open-label trials needs to be assessed by further studies that overcome this limitation.Trial registration numberCTR-UMIN000044623.
Spiritual and religious aspects influence mental health and viral load: a quantitative study among young people living with HIV in Zimbabwe
Authors: Wüthrich-Grossenbacher Ursula , Mutsinze Abigail , Wolf Ursula , Maponga Charles Chiedza , Midzi Nicholas , Mutsaka-Makuvaza Masceline Jenipher , Merten Sonja 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionThe role of religion and spirituality as social determinants of health has been widely discussed. Studies among people living with HIV describe positive and negative influences of religion and spirituality on health outcomes. With a HIV prevalence of 14.8% for females and 8.6% for males, and 22 000 AIDS-related deaths in 2020, HIV infection remains a life-threatening condition in Zimbabwe, especially in young people. The aim of this research was to measure the influence of religion and spirituality on the health outcomes of young people living with HIV in Zimbabwe.MethodsA quantitative questionnaire with three different validated measures of religion and spirituality (Belief into Action Scale, Brief Religious Coping Index, Religious and Spiritual Struggles Scale), demographic, cultural, behavioural and health questions was administered to 804 young Zvandiri programme clients in rural, urban and peri-urban Zimbabwe between July and October 2021. Regression analysis established significant relations between the result of the three different measures and mental health and viral load results.ResultsReligious coping significantly reduced the probability of common mental disorder, while high religious activity increased the risk. The Religious and Spiritual Struggles Scale proved to be a reliable indicator of higher viral loads, risk for treatment failure and the probability of common mental disorder.ConclusionsAll three measures of religion and spirituality related to health outcomes. More research is needed to generalise and further explore these findings. Because the Religious and Spiritual Struggles Scale was a strong indicator for both, higher viral loads and common mental disorder, we suggest that it should be used and validated in other sub-Saharan contexts. It could serve as a new diagnostic tool for the early detection and prevention of treatment failure as well as of common mental disorder.
Ten-year real-world outcomes of antivascular endothelial growth factor therapy in neovascular age-related macular degeneration using pro re nata regimen
Authors: Hujanen Pekko , Ruha Heikki , Lehtonen Eemil , Pirinen Inka , Huhtala Heini , Vaajanen Anu , Syvänen Ulla , Tuulonen Anja , Uusitalo-Järvinen Hannele 
Published: August 2023

Background/aimsTo analyse long-term outcomes of antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) using pro re nata (PRN) regimen in a single-centre clinical practice.MethodsAll patients receiving intravitreal injection (IVI) for nAMD between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2020 were searched from electronic medical records. All 3844 treatment-naïve eyes of 3008 patients were included with a total of 50 146 IVIs (87% bevacizumab) administered. Main outcome measures were mean change in visual acuity (VA) from baseline, proportion of eyes within 15 letters of baseline, proportion of eyes with VA ≥20/40 Snellen and ≤20/200 Snellen, number of annual visits and number of annual IVIs.ResultsThe mean baseline VA was 55 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letters and the mean change in VA from baseline was +2, +2, ±0, –2, −2 and −4 ETDRS letters at year 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 10, respectively. Proportions of eyes within 15 letters of baseline were 88%, 87%, 82%, 80%, 76% and 72% at the end of years 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 10, respectively. The median number of annual IVI was 6 at years 1–7 and 5 at year 10. The median number of annual total visits was 10 at year 1, 9 at years 2–7 and 8 at year 10, respectively.ConclusionsVA was maintained short-term and long-term with anti-VEGF therapy using PRN treatment regimen.
Prevalence and impact of recreational drug use in patients with acute cardiovascular events
Authors: Pezel Théo , Dillinger Jean-Guillaume , Trimaille Antonin , Delmas Clément , Piliero Nicolas , Bouleti Claire , Pommier Thibaut , El Ouahidi Amine , Andrieu Stéphane , Lattuca Benoit , Rossanaly Vasram Reza , Fard Damien , Noirclerc Nathalie , Bonnet Guillaume , Goralski Marc , Elbaz Meyer , Deney Antoine , Schurtz Guillaume , Docq Clemence , Roubille Francois , Fauvel Charles , Bochaton Thomas , Aboyans Victor , Boccara Franck , Puymirat Etienne , Batisse Anne , Steg Gabriel , Vicaut Eric , Henry Patrick 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveWhile recreational drug use is a risk factor for cardiovascular events, its exact prevalence and prognostic impact in patients admitted for these events are not established. We aimed to assess the prevalence of recreational drug use and its association with in-hospital major adverse events (MAEs) in patients admitted to intensive cardiac care units (ICCU).MethodsIn the Addiction in Intensive Cardiac Care Units (ADDICT-ICCU) study, systematic screening for recreational drugs was performed by prospective urinary testing all patients admitted to ICCU in 39 French centres from 7 to 22 April 2021. The primary outcome was prevalence of recreational drug detection. In-hospital MAEs were defined by death, resuscitated cardiac arrest, or haemodynamic shock.ResultsOf 1499 consecutive patients (63±15 years, 70% male), 161 (11%) had a positive test for recreational drugs (cannabis 9.1%, opioids 2.1%, cocaine 1.7%, amphetamines 0.7%, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) 0.6%). Only 57% of these patients declared recreational drug use. Patients who used recreational drugs exhibited a higher MAE rate than others (13% vs 3%, respectively, p<0.001). Recreational drugs were associated with a higher rate of in-hospital MAEs after adjustment for comorbidities (OR 8.84, 95% CI 4.68 to 16.7, p<0.001). After adjustment, cannabis, cocaine, and MDMA, assessed separately, were independently associated with in-hospital MAEs. Multiple drug detection was frequent (28% of positive patients) and associated with an even higher incidence of MAEs (OR 12.7, 95% CI 4.80 to 35.6, p<0.001).ConclusionThe prevalence of recreational drug use in patients hospitalised in ICCU was 11%. Recreational drug detection was independently associated with worse in-hospital outcomes.Clinical trial registrationNCT05063097.
Sonification of a juggling performance using spatial audio
Authors: Leischner Vojtěch , Husa Pavel 
Published: August 2023

We developed a new musical instrument by equipping juggling balls with accelerometers, gyroscopes, and WiFi sensors. The system measures acceleration and rotation, allowing us to distinguish between ball movement and static states. We can determine the direction of each throw based on the acceleration data.
A movement-driven instrument animates the virtual audio source position based on the throw direction. A different synthesizer is assigned to each ball, resulting in a synesthetic experience. The system integrates the juggling patterns simulator with OSC and MIDI API, allowing real-time rhythm generation and composition.
The “Hard Problem of Consciousness” Arises from Human Psychology
Authors: Berent Iris 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Consciousness presents a “hard problem” to scholars. At stake is how the physical body gives rise to subjective experience. Why consciousness is “hard”, however, is uncertain. One possibility is that the challenge arises from ontology—because consciousness is a special property/substance that is irreducible to the physical. Here, I show how the “hard problem” emerges from two intuitive biases that lie deep within human psychology: Essentialism and Dualism. To determine whether a subjective experience is transformative, people judge whether the experience pertains to one’s essence, and per Essentialism, one’s essence lies within one’s body. Psychological states that seem embodied (e.g., “color vision” ∼ eyes) can thus give rise to transformative experience. Per intuitive Dualism, however, the mind is distinct from the body, and epistemic states (knowledge and beliefs) seem particularly ethereal. It follows that conscious perception (e.g., “seeing color”) ought to seem more transformative than conscious knowledge (e.g., knowledge of how color vision works). Critically, the transformation arises precisely because the conscious perceptual experience seems readily embodied (rather than distinct from the physical body, as the ontological account suggests). In line with this proposal, five experiments show that, in laypeople’s view (a) experience is transformative only when it seems anchored in the human body; (b) gaining a transformative experience effects a bodily change; and (c) the magnitude of the transformation correlates with both (i) the perceived embodiment of that experience, and (ii) with Dualist intuitions, generally. These results cannot solve the ontological question of whether consciousness is distinct from the physical. But they do suggest that the roots of the “hard problem” are partly psychological.
Time-and-Space-Efficient Weighted Deduction
Authors: Eisner Jason 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Many NLP algorithms have been described in terms of deduction systems. Unweighted deduction allows a generic forward-chaining execution strategy. For weighted deduction, however, efficient execution should propagate the weight of each item only after it has converged. This means visiting the items in topologically sorted order (as in dynamic programming). Toposorting is fast on a materialized graph; unfortunately, materializing the graph would take extra space. Is there a generic weighted deduction strategy which, for every acyclic deduction system and every input, uses only a constant factor more time and space than generic unweighted deduction? After reviewing past strategies, we answer this question in the affirmative by combining ideas of Goodman (1999) and Kahn (1962). We also give an extension to cyclic deduction systems, based on Tarjan (1972).
Cross-functional Analysis of Generalization in Behavioral Learning
Authors: Luz de Araujo Pedro Henrique , Roth Benjamin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In behavioral testing, system functionalities underrepresented in the standard evaluation setting (with a held-out test set) are validated through controlled input-output pairs. Optimizing performance on the behavioral tests during training (behavioral learning) would improve coverage of phenomena not sufficiently represented in the i.i.d. data and could lead to seemingly more robust models. However, there is the risk that the model narrowly captures spurious correlations from the behavioral test suite, leading to overestimation and misrepresentation of model performance—one of the original pitfalls of traditional evaluation.
In this work, we introduce BeLUGA, an analysis method for evaluating behavioral learning considering generalization across dimensions of different granularity levels. We optimize behavior-specific loss functions and evaluate models on several partitions of the behavioral test suite controlled to leave out specific phenomena. An aggregate score measures generalization to unseen functionalities (or overfitting). We use BeLUGA to examine three representative NLP tasks (sentiment analysis, paraphrase identification, and reading comprehension) and compare the impact of a diverse set of regularization and domain generalization methods on generalization performance.1
Exploring Contrast Consistency of Open-Domain Question Answering Systems on Minimally Edited Questions
Authors: Zhang Zhihan , Yu Wenhao , Ning Zheng , Ju Mingxuan , Jiang Meng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Contrast consistency, the ability of a model to make consistently correct predictions in the presence of perturbations, is an essential aspect in NLP. While studied in tasks such as sentiment analysis and reading comprehension, it remains unexplored in open-domain question answering (OpenQA) due to the difficulty of collecting perturbed questions that satisfy factuality requirements. In this work, we collect minimally edited questions as challenging contrast sets to evaluate OpenQA models. Our collection approach combines both human annotation and large language model generation. We find that the widely used dense passage retriever (DPR) performs poorly on our contrast sets, despite fitting the training set well and performing competitively on standard test sets. To address this issue, we introduce a simple and effective query-side contrastive loss with the aid of data augmentation to improve DPR training. Our experiments on the contrast sets demonstrate that DPR’s contrast consistency is improved without sacrificing its accuracy on the standard test sets.1
Lankarān
Authors: Asatrian Garnik 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This is an attempt to interpret the origin of the well-known South Caspian Iranian toponym, Lankarān (Lankōn in Talishi), the name of the capital of Talish (Tōlǝš), or Talishistan (Tōlǝšistōn), the ethnic homeland of the Talishis, covering today the southernmost part of Azerbaijan Republic, bordering Iran. In Azerbaijani Turkish, the historical habitat of this Iranian people is officially named Cǝnub bölgǝsi, i.e., “Southern region/zone”.
Ambiguity, Contingency, and Dominance: Decolonizing Theories of Modernity
Authors: Linkenbach Antje 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Focusing on the work of Johann P. Arnason and Peter Wagner, this article examines in its first part recent sociological, non-linear and contingency-sensitive ways of engagement with modernity, which refer to different levels of socio-historical configuration (civilization analysis vs. world sociology) and attribute different significance to normative questions. While both authors acknowledge the entanglement of European and non-European cultural worlds as well as its power dynamics, they still fail to fully grasp and theorize the devastating role of colonialism, which today is still felt in the marginalisation and even erasure of knowledge, perspectives, ideas and experiences from the ‘non-West’. Their approaches also lack a serious engagement with post- and decolonial scholarship. The second part of this contribution presents decolonial thinking as a theoretical and normative-political project. Theorising modernity from ‘beyond’ invites us to ‘break the Western code’ (Mignolo) and engage with modernity from a perspective that is grounded in different epistemologies, philosophies and social imaginaries, ultimately questioning autonomy and mastery (over humans and nature) as basic premises or axioms of Western modernity. As a normative-political project decoloniality is future-oriented and, focusing on the temporally, spatially and socially contextualized acting subjects and collectives, aims to rebuild a polycentric world and establishes ‘pluriversality as a universal project’ (Mignolo). The Zapatista movement in Chiapas (Mexico), representing a new understanding of the revolutionary subject and the revolutionary praxis, illustrates how indigenous groups and (urban) Marxists can come together as equals, learn from each other and negotiate how to change the world in discourse and practice.
The ‘Shared Problematic’ in China: Reflections on Confucianism as a Civilizing Factor
Authors: Sigurðsson Geir 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper provides a discussion of the role of Confucianism in the development of Chinese civilization, both past and present, specifically with regard to the contribution of Johann Arnason to the topic. The bulk of the paper deals with two issues related to his analysis of Chinese civilization: The former is the Axial Age hypothesis, according to which China was one of the three important civilizations to have 'awakened' in the last few centuries BCE; the second is Max Weber’s project of comparative religion and culture, in which China played a significant role. I attempt to clarify the status of Confucianism vis-a-vis each on these issues, often with the support of Arnason's writings, but towards the end I offer some thoughts on the rather curious status and enigmatic role of Confucianism in today’s China.
Physical therapy rehabilitation after hospital discharge in patients affected by COVID-19: a systematic review
Authors: A. M. C. Perez , M. B. C Silva , L. P. G. Macêdo , A. C. Chaves Filho , R. A. F Dutra , M. A. B. Rodrigues 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn 2019, the Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) virus was identified, also defined as novel coronavirus or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The Corona VIrus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic generated several changes in society in 2020 as a result of its rapid spread in humans. The main symptoms are high fever (≥ 37.8 °C), dry cough, dyspnea, upper respiratory symptoms, myalgia, fatigue and diarrhea in the most uncommon cases. Considering the emergency situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the effects attributed to it, rehabilitation professionals have a fundamental role in the functional recovery of patients, independence and improvement of quality of life. This is a systematic review of the literature, with the aim of discussing the main findings on physical therapy management in functional changes in post-COVID-19 patients. Pubmed, Scielo, Sciencedirect, BVS and PEDro databases were used. The terms MESH/DECs used for the searches were: Rehabilitation, Physical Therapy Modalities, Covid-19, Post-acute Syndromes COVID-19 and Physical Fitness, the keywords were also used: rehabilitation, physiotherapy, Covid-19, post- acute syndrome COVID-19 and functional capacity. To cross the terms, Boolean operators (AND and OR) were used. Randomized trials, recommendations, quasi-randomized or prospective controlled trials, reports, guidelines, and field updates were included. As for the selected population, studies were included in individuals of both sexes, with no age restriction, that evaluated physiotherapeutic interventions in patients who had COVID-19. Literature reviews, case studies, conferences, abstracts of articles published in conference proceedings and letters to the editor were excluded from the research. To measure methodological quality, the PEDro scale was used.Searches for articles were performed restricting the period of publication between the years 2019 to 2022. The electronic search strategy identified a total of 364 records from the selected databases. After screening for duplicates, 14 articles were excluded, followed by screening by titles and abstracts, another 298 articles were excluded, of these 47 potentially relevant records were submitted to full text review and of these 5 randomized clinical trials were included in this review. In view of the findings of this study, it can be concluded that physical therapy rehabilitation should continue after hospital discharge, with the aim of improving physical performance and activities of daily living (ADL) in post-COVID-19 patients.