bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The crown of the Regina Scientiarum in South Africa
Authors: Oliver Erna , Oliver Willem H. 
Published: January 2025

The early notion of European Universities that developed on a Christian foundation where Theology occupied a special place got lost in the chaos of change brought about by the fourth revolutions world. In addition to these pressures, Theology in South Africa is further constrained by internal demands for transformation at various levels. This research focuses on determining if the education of Theology is still relevant within the current context, how Theological education can and should link to the current eras’ demands, and finally how and why Theology should keep informing and speaking to the three ‘publics’ (Tracy) and the six ‘inters’ (Richardson) to adapt to the new normal of chaotic change – however, at the same time to also stay true to her unique Christian calling. Despite the weight of the demands made from both outside and inside academic circles on Theology as a discipline, it is the responsibility of theological educators to keep the crown intact by letting the light of Christ shine both inside and outside academia.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: Regina Scientiarum is a title for Theology in academia from Aquinas’ time. The question is if Faculties of Theology still have or deserve that title in a democratic South Africa within the metamodern era filled with ecumenism. In this article, suggestions are given as to assure that Theology keeps her title, at least in South Africa.
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor Lung with Follow-up
Authors: Bansal Cherry , Chaudhary Neelam , Mahajan Gomty , Nagpal Anoop 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the lung represents a rare entity of mesenchymal origin. It can affect individuals of any age group but most commonly occur in children and young adults. It may appear as well defined mass which is often confused with an inflammatory lesion in the lung. Complete excision is the best treatment modality, which is also helpful to reach a definite diagnosis with histopathological findings and immunohistochemical analysis. Further careful follow up for recurrence is required. In this article, we report a case of 15 year old male who presented with shortness of breath and was first diagnosed for the possibility of hamartoma on CT guided FNAC. Subsequent resection of tumor, histological examination combined with immunohistochemical study confirmed an IMT of the lung. There are no signs of recurrence after 3 year follow up. This case highlights the necessity of timely integration of radiology, FNAC, bronchoscopy, surgery, histopathology and IHC to arrive at a definitive diagnosis and achieve excellent therapeutic outcome in cases of this rare lung lesion.
Mucormycosis: An Unsual Etiology of Fournier’s Gangrene in a Immunocompetent Patient – A Case Report from Northern Rajasthan
Authors: Nayyar Charu , Kapoor Dimple , Khurana Nishant , Bansal Cherry 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Fournier gangrene, is defined as necrotizing fasciitis of the perineum, external genitalia and the anus. Fournier’s gangrene (FG) is considered as a serious surgical emergency because the infection causes thrombosis of subcutaneous blood vessels in the perineal, genital or perianal region. The most common microorganisms responsible are found to be Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Bacteroides fragilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. We present a case of 63 year old male presenting to the surgical OPD diagnosed with Fournier’s gangrene caused by Mucormycosis. The patient was managed with surgical debridement, excision of the necrotic area and liposomal amphotericin B was added when mucor was identified as the causative agent. Our patient recovered well. Quick therapeutic planning and coordination between clinician and laboratory saved our patient from fatal outcome. The case report highlights the importance of high clinical suspicion, coordination between clinician and laboratory and the impact of quick addition of amphotericin B in treating such a rare and deadly fungus.
Comprehensive Training on Infection Control for the Dental Students during Their Transition from Preclinical to Clinical Phase: Acquired Knowledge and Perception
Authors: Manickam Prebha , Telang Lahari Ajay , Nerali Jayashri Tamanna , Gandhi Nimal Ram 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background and Aim:
Infection prevention and control (IPC) is a critical aspect of oral health care. Dental students form an important part of the healthcare system and yet have been identified to be the weakest group during infection control audits. Hence, a customized training program was designed to instill IPC practices early in the process of training. The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of this training on IPC practices of dental students during their transition from preclinical to clinical phase of dentistry and analyze their perception regarding the same.

Materials and Methods:
A training program consisting of combinations of teaching methods through didactic lectures, student-centered learning, and “hands-on” clinical demonstrations was customized for 3rd undergraduate year students (n = 57). Assessment of knowledge and practices of IPC were conducted using standard multiple choice questions and OSCEs, and feedback was recorded. A focus group discussion (FGD) (n = 8) helped to understand the effectiveness of the training and suggestions for improvement were recorded through thematic analysis of data.

Results:
The majority of the students (96%) felt that early training during the beginning of clinical years of dentistry improved their IPC practice. The FGD highlighted barriers to IPC from a learner’s perspective along with identifying the concerns in practicing chairside IPC measures.

Conclusion:
The training helped in improving knowledge and perception of IPC practices among the students and created a foundation to instill tenets of routine IPC measures in their future practice. Early training, along with repeated just-in-time re-enforcement, is key to achieving good IPC practices among dental students.
Epidemiology and Clinical Management of Incisional Hernias Post-bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Albeshi Saeed Mubarak , Alsaleh Hussain Mohammed , Altokhais Ziyad Abdullah , Aldawh Ziyad Saad Saeed , Alsulami Amirah Atiah Allah , Almahdi Rahf , Alrammah Abdulrahman Hamid , Alqurashi Wesal Abdulrahman , Alawad Fatema Hani , Aldanyowi Saud Nayef , Albinsaad Loai Saleh 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Obesity poses significant health risks, which are frequently addressed with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery, which initially leads to significant weight loss but frequently results in long-term regain and excess skin issues, prompting consideration of body contouring surgery (BCS) to potentially improve the quality of life and aid in long-term weight management. Thus, we assess the impact of body contouring on weight loss following bariatric surgery.

Materials and Methods:
An extensive literature search was performed across multiple databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) till March 2024. Data were extracted and analysed using Review Manager 5.4, focusing on body mass index (BMI), % Excess Weight Loss (%EWL) and % Total Body Weight Loss (%TWL). We calculated the mean difference for continuous variables, maintaining a 95% confidence interval (CI). To analyse the outcomes, we employed a random effects model.

Results:
Thirteen studies were included in this review and eleven in the analysis, showing significant improvements in weight loss metrics for patients undergoing BCS after bariatric surgery. The BCS group had a mean BMI reduction of 2.64 kg/m2 compared to non-BCS patients (95% CI: [ −4.96, −0.32], P = 0.03), with considerable heterogeneity (I
2 = 80%). The %EWL was considerably greater in the BCS group, with a mean increase of 12.65% (95% CI [6.26, 19.04]: P = 0.0001) and significant heterogeneity (I
2 = 87%). Similarly, %TWL was larger in the BCS group, demonstrating a mean increase of 6.24% (95% CI [3.46, 9.02]: P <0.0001) with significant heterogeneity (I
2 = 77%).

Conclusions:
Our meta-analysis provides evidence of the potential role of BCS in enhancing weight loss metrics. These insights could be pivotal for clinicians in optimising post-weight loss management strategies and for patients considering BCS as a step toward improved health and well-being.
The Effectiveness of Suvorexant Compared to a Placebo in the Treatment of Insomnia and Sleep Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials
Authors: Alqerafi Ahmed Abdulaziz , Sonbul Yasseer Youssef , Alahwal Fahad Mohammed , Samaren Moaied Mohammed , Alruhily Aseem Abduallah , Al Rathwan Muzun Saeed Ojran , Alfayez Omar Sulaiman , Alluqmani Yazeed Ahmed , Alawad Fatema Hani , Aldanyowi Saud Nayef 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Sleeplessness or insomnia is another type of sleep disorder and is prevalent in a large part of the global population which interferes with normal daily activities and overall quality of life. Some of the treatments are directed to neurotransmitter systems such as GABA and melatonin receptor sites. Suvorexant, a recently developed orexin receptor antagonist, is a promising pharmacotherapeutic target; however the superiority over placebo of suvorexant deserves further investigation.

Methods:
An extensive search of the bibliographic databases was done using the web sources such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of science, Cochrane and Google Scholar. Informed by the PICOT question, only RCTs based on peer-reviewed journal articles were collected, and only those that focused on suvorexant for insomnia patients specifically. Data analysis was carried out in R software version 4.2.2. Categorical data were presented using odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs for binary variables, while MDs with 95% CIs were used to compare the means of the four continuous variables at follow-up. Inter-study variability was determined using the Chi-square Cochrane test and the I-squared test. Publication bias was checked by Funnel plot and Egger’s regression test.

Results:
The meta-analysis analyzed five, RCTs all together enrolling 1, 540 participants. Suvorexant showed a statistically significant improvement in TST, with a mean difference of 32.07 units (95% CI: 27.Seventy to 36.26 P < 0.0001, and WASO compared with placebo was also significantly shorter by a mean of − 27.92 (95% CI: − 30.33 to − 25.52) P < 0.0001. There was low level of heterogeneity (I² = 3.6 %) suggesting that all the studies pointed to similar conclusions. They found out that they did not observe publication bias.

Conclusion:
Given the foregoing, let it be noted that suvorexant alleviates sleep debit and produces robust improvements in total sleep time and worst awake sleep time as compared to placebo. Overall, the results show that suvorexant is an effective treatment for insomnia although it appears that the degree of effectiveness varies somewhat. More studies are required to establish its continued efficiency and safety of, in addition to, evaluating its effectiveness in contrast to other kinds of insomnia therapies.
Safety and Efficacy of Teriflunomide in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials
Authors: AlMuhaish Maryam Anwar , Allowaihiq Lujain Habeeb , Alghamdi Shatha Khalid , AlKhawajah Shatha , Aldawsari Dalal Saeed , Badi Ahmed Abdullah , AlDhafyan Shahad Omar , Alwehaibi Haia Fahad , Al Mohaini Mohammad 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the central nervous system, causing significant morbidity worldwide. Teriflunomide, an oral immunomodulatory agent, has emerged as a promising therapy for MS. However, a comprehensive assessment of its safety and efficacy through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) is lacking.

Methods:
A systematic literature search was conducted up to 7th March, 2024, in PubMed, Embase, WOS and Scopus. RCTs investigating teriflunomide’s safety and efficacy in MS patients were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed following predefined criteria. Meta-analysis was conducted to calculate pooled estimates of treatment effects and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results:
Six RCTs met the inclusion criteria, comprising 2654 participants. Teriflunomide significantly reduced the annualised relapse rate compared to placebo in both 7 mg (mean difference [MD]: −0.22, 95% CI [−0.29, −0.14], P < 0.0001) and 14 mg doses (MD: −0.25, 95% CI [−0.32,−0.17], P < 0.0001). However, there was no significant effect on disability progression assessed by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) in either the 7 mg (MD: 0.25, 95% CI [−0.38, 0.88], P = 0.44) or 14 mg (MD:–0.44, 95% CI [−1.25, 0.37], P = 0.29) dose groups. Teriflunomide was associated with a higher incidence of hair thinning (risk ratio [RR]: 2.16, 95% CI [1.30, 3.59], P = 0.003) but did not significantly increase the risk of overall adverse events (RR: 0.89, 95% CI [0.65, 1.21], P = 0.44), serious adverse events (RR: 1.05, 95% CI [0.85, 1.29], P = 0.66), deaths (RR: 0.63, 95% CI [0.07, 5.51], P = 0.68), upper respiratory tract infections (RR: 1.81, 95% CI [0.97, 3.38], P = 0.06), or nasopharyngitis (RR: 1.53, 95% CI [0.86, 2.71], P = 0.14).

Conclusion:
Teriflunomide demonstrates efficacy in reducing relapse rates but does not significantly impact disability progression in MS patients. While it is associated with a higher incidence of hair thinning, overall adverse events and serious adverse events are comparable to placebo. These findings support the use of teriflunomide as a treatment option for MS, emphasising the importance of patient monitoring for potential adverse effects.
Long-term Clinical Outcomes of LASIK Surgery Across Varied Refractive Error Types: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Almukhayzim Raghad Fahad , Albahrani Zahra Saleem , Alqahtani Faisal Mesfer , Alkhalaf Rabab Ahmed , Alawad Fatema Hani , Aldanyowi Saud Nayef 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose:
To determine how long laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) as a method of correction of different types of refractive errors such as myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism is effective and safe.

Methods:
Hence, a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify randomised controlled trials and cohort studies of LASIK’s long-term outcomes were performed using PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane and Scopus databases. Thus, the work excluding comparisons based on short-term results, non-peer-reviewed sources, and patients with systemic or other ocular diseases was completed. The data were extracted from all relevant studies and the quality of the studies was assessed by two authors separately.

Results:
Of the 2796 articles, 26 studies were included. The meta-analysis used 1879 LASIK patients and 2021 control individuals for the analysis. The success of LASIK operation in increasing the uncorrected distance visual acuity was statistically significant in myopic patients compared to the control group (WMD = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.01–0.06; P = 0.004), whereas, no such difference was made noted in hyperopic patients. In terms of corrected distance visual acuity, hyperopic patients benefited more from LASIK (mean difference [MD] = −0.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.02–0.0, P = 0.001). Manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE) and spherical aberrations were not significantly different between LASIK and control groups in myopic patients, whereas hyperopic control patients had better MRSE, (MD = 0.37, 95% CI 0.19–0.58, P < 0.0001).

Conclusion:
The study confirmed the efficiency of LASIK, which provides stable positive outcomes in increasing visual acuity and decreasing the requirement of optical aids in patients with myopia during the long-term period. Conversely, the literature addressing LASIK outcomes in the hyperopic patients is scarce, and the study demonstrated that LASIK results in improved spherical reduction needs. Therefore, to support these findings further and due to the heterogeneous nature of the studies included, more comprehensive and rigorously defined subsequent studies should be conducted in the future.
Investigating the Relationship between Socio-economic Status and Mental Illness: A Comprehensive Analysis of 1,389,125 Individuals through Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Alzahrani Hessah , Alburaidi Faris Saad , Alharthi Abdulaziz Matar , Ghobran Abdulmohsen Mohammad Abo , Alhaboob Zeyad Abdullah , Alibrahim Abdulrahman Osama , Alansari Ahmed Badr , Alanazi Dimah Mulfi , Alshehri Waleed Saad , Almekbel Abdulrahman Ibrheem , Qrmli Abdulaziz Abdulrahman 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
The global prevalence of mental disorders highlights the urgency of understanding their determinants. Socio-economic status (SES), encompassing income, education and occupation, plays a crucial role in shaping mental health outcomes. Research consistently demonstrates a strong association between lower SES and an increased risk of mental disorders. Comprehensive synthesis through systematic review and meta-analysis is essential for informing targeted interventions to address socio-economic disparities and promote mental well-being.

Methods:
We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library and the Web of Science. Studies examining the association between SES indicators (e.g., education, income and occupation) and mental disorders were included. Quality assessment and risk-of-bias evaluations were conducted using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Statistical analyses were performed to calculate pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between SES and mental disorders.

Results:
SES was associated with higher mental disorders. Educational level, income level and occupational level were examined for their association with mental disorders, all showing statistically significant correlations (pooled HR: 1.17 [95% CI: 1.2, 1.23]; 1.08 [95% CI: 1.05, 1.1]; 1.66 [95% CI: 1.59, 1.74], respectively). Despite high heterogeneity, the overall effects remained significant, as demonstrated in the sensitivity analysis.

Conclusion:
This systematic review and meta-analysis provide evidence of the association between SES and mental disorders, emphasising the importance of addressing socio-economic disparities in mental health. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to promote mental well-being and equitable access to mental healthcare services. By identifying actionable strategies to address social determinants of mental health, this study contributes to efforts aimed at reducing health inequities and fostering resilient communities.
Safety and Efficacy of Niraparib in Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Almutairi Marshad Abdullah , Alasiri Hassan Ahmed , Alhifthi Mohammed Abdulrahman , Alghamdi Khader Mabrouk Khader , Alshardi Waleed Ibrahim , Bakr Muneer Ahmed , Almonawar Alhassan Alhussein , Alawad Fatema Hani , Aldanyowi Saud Nayef 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background and Objective:
In 2021, around 250,000 individuals were diagnosed with prostate cancer, making it the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among males in the United States. Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is a deadly condition, underscoring the need for novel treatments. Niraparib, a powerful and highly specific inhibitor of Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase (PARP)-1 and PARP-2, is approved for use in the United States, Canada, Europe and China for certain individuals with various conditions such as ovarian, fallopian tube and primary peritoneal malignancies. Niraparib is now licensed for clinical usage in ovarian cancer at a daily dosage ranging from 200 to 300 mg. 21-23 Niraparib has shown efficacy in treating mCRPC in patients with identified DNA repair gene abnormalities.

Materials and Methods:
Four electronic databases – PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched for relevant studies until 26 February 2024. Efficacy outcomes were radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS), time to symptomatic progression (TSP) and time to cytotoxic chemotherapy (TCC). Safety outcomes were at least one serious adverse event and treatment-emergent adverse event. The extracted data were dichotomous, and R Studio software was used for the analysis using the fixed effect model.

Results:
Six studies were systematically reviewed, three of which were included in the meta-analysis, involving 1298 patients. The analysis showed that niraparib is statistically significant in improving rPFS; risk ratio (RR) 1.36 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22–1.52, P < 0.01), and this is consistent with the results of TSP and TCC that also revealed positive impact favouring niraparib; RR 1.11 (95% CI: 1.01–1.22, P < 0.03) and 1.14 (95% CI: 1.06–1.23, P < 0.01). However, niraparib was associated with a higher incidence rate of at least one serious adverse event and treatment-emergent adverse events; RR 1.47 (95% CI: 1.21–1.79, P < 0.01) and 1.04 (95% CI: 1.02–1.07, P < 0.01).

Conclusions:
Niraparib has been found to have a positive impact on rPFS, TSP and TCC, but it has also been associated with some adverse events, such as anaemia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Despite the adverse events and further studies which are required to assess its safety, niraparib should be considered for clinical usage.
Assessing Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Saudi Arabian Children With Adenoid Hypertrophy: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Aleid Abdulsalam Mohammed , Alshahrani Najla , Alshammari Raed , Alruwaili Ghadah , Abdu Dania , Munhish Fadi , Alsulami Fahad Awadh Allah , Alkhars Ola Ahmad , Alsaid Abdullah Tariq , Aljedher Abdulhadi Saeed , Alyahya Khalid Abdultaif 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction:
Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a prevalent concern among children, causing various physical, cognitive and behavioural problems. Adenoid hypertrophy is a significant contributor to SDB. This research aims to determine the prevalence of adenoid hypertrophy among children in Saudi Arabia and investigate its impact on SDB. In addition, the study seeks to identify potential risk factors associated with adenoid hypertrophy and SDB, as well as explore the correlation between the severity of adenoid hypertrophy and the severity of SDB. Understanding these aspects is essential for early identification and intervention in affected children.

Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional study involving a sample of 1440 children aged 3–12 years from various regions in Saudi Arabia. Data collection included clinical assessments, medical history, physical examinations, sleep questionnaires and polysomnography for objective sleep assessment. The severity of adenoid hypertrophy was determined through endoscopic examination, and SDB was assessed using validated tools. We collected demographic information from each participating child’s guardian.

Results:
The survey results revealed a positive correlation between the severity of adenoid hypertrophy and the frequency of snoring among children with adenoid hypertrophy. Of those with adenoid hypertrophy, 27.5% experienced snoring rarely, while 13.8% snored often. Furthermore, 65.6% of children with adenoid hypertrophy had never been observed to stop breathing during sleep. Restless or interrupted sleep was reported by 34.4% rarely, while 6.9% experienced it often. Daytime sleepiness occurred in 3.8%, and 17.5% experienced school performance impacts due to sleep-related issues.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrates the close interconnection between adenoid hypertrophy and SDB in children. Adenoid enlargement plays a significant role in the development of SDB. Early recognition and appropriate treatment are crucial to addressing these issues and preventing potential short- and long-term health consequences associated with poor sleep quality and disrupted breathing during sleep. Effective management can significantly improve the quality of life for affected children and their families.