bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental study of dripping, jetting and drop-off from thin film flows on inclined fibers
Authors: Pour Karimi Atefeh , Rietz Manuel , Rohlfs Wilko , Scheid Benoit , Kneer Reinhold 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGravity driven film flows on vertical fibers are known to exhibit a variety of flow dynamics including the formation of droplet trains induced by the hydrodynamic (Kapitza) and Plateau–Rayleigh instability mechanisms. Through an experimental study, it is shown how inclination of the fiber from the vertical influences these dynamics. The formation of waves, regime transitions from dripping to jetting regimes, as well as the onset of drop-off in the form of droplet detachment from the fiber are illustrated and described in dependence of the fiber inclination angle and the liquid mass flow rate. Additionally, the influence of fiber diameter and nozzle geometry on regime transitions and the onset of drop-off from the substrate are examined. It is shown that the onset of drop-off is strongly related to the transition from a regime characterized by a regular wave pattern to a regime characterized by an irregular wave pattern. It is also demonstrated that this regime transition depends not only on flow rate and fiber geometry, but also strongly on the inclination angle. Interestingly, a stabilizing effect of increasing the fiber inclination is detected for constant fiber geometry and film flow rate.
Metallacarboranes for proton therapy using research accelerators: a pilot study
Authors: Pinheiro Teresa , Alves Luís C. , Corregidor Victoria , Teixidor Francesc , Viñas Clara , Marques Fernanda 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe feasibility of using an external beam microprobe facility to explore the biological effects generated by proton irradiation in cultured cells is demonstrated. An in-air irradiation set-up was developed that allows energy tuning and enables estimating the flux and dose deposition in cells. A pilot study on the effect of boron-rich metallacarboranes as radiosensitizers towards human glioblastoma cells was carried out. This served as a proof of concept for the enhancement effect of proton irradiation induced by the presence of boron, which undergoes a nuclear 11B(p,α)αα reaction. Details of the experimental set-up and physical parameters measured are presented. Also, preliminary results of cell’s irradiation and uncertainties are discussed anticipating the advances that have been achieved by our group in this field.
First record of Brilliant Flash Rapala melida nicevillei (Swinhoe, 1911) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Theclinae) to Meghalaya, India
Authors: Bhowmik Suman , Bose Atanu , Bhoir Jayant Ghanshyam , Bora Atanu , Das Suraj , Laha Shyamal Kumar , Aomoa Ngangom 
Published: March 2023

Brilliant Flash Rapala melida nicevillei belonging to the family Lycaenidae is reported for the first time from Meghalaya, northeastern India. Its description, illustration, distribution, and habitat notes are provided. The taxonomic identity of the species is discussed and compared with the most similar species, Rapala varuna. This observation presents the first photograph of the live specimen from India.
An update on the conservation status of Tibetan Argali Ovis ammon hodgsoni (Mammalia: Bovidae) in India
Authors: Khanyari Munib , Dorjay Rigzin , Lobzang Sherab , Sonam Karma , Suryawanshi Kulbhushansingh Ramesh 
Published: March 2023

Mountain ungulates are important for alpine ecosystem ecology, yet are understudied, particularly in Asia. Tibetan Argali Ovis ammon hodgsoni occurs across Tibet, with Trans-Himalayan India forming the edge of its distribution. We studied their conservation status in India. We compiled published data and secondary information about the occurrence of argali. We then focused on Ladakh, the remaining stronghold of argali in India. Based on literature from Ladakh and after consulting key-informants, we delimited two major populations of argali and estimate population density and demography using the double-observer method. We found 27 studies on argali in India. Studies covered four major themes: records (n = 12), conservation (n = 7), ecology (n = 7), and evolution (n = 1), with studies increasing after 2000. Estimated argali density in Tsaba was 0.34 argali km-2 (0.32–0.40) and in Chushul-Mirpal Tso was 0.15 argali km-2 (0.12–0.30). Both populations had comparable demography including age-sex ratios. We need to urgently consider argali as a priority species for conservation in India particularly as threats—including transboundary concerns, lack of coordinated conservation across the international border, anthropogenic disturbances, competition & disturbance from livestock grazing, and habitat loss—are a reality. Towards that, we delimited knowledge gaps and set robust population baselines for the two important argali populations in India. As the Tibetan Argali here co-occur with people, it will be crucial to ensure conservation is done in partnership with local communities.
Diversity of bees in two crops in an agroforestry ecosystem in Kangsabati South Forest Division, Purulia, West Bengal, India
Authors: Pallabi Das  , Uniyal V.P. 
Published: March 2023

The investigation study assesses the diversity of bees in Brinjal Solanum melongena L. and Ridge Gourd Luffa acutangula L. crop field from agroforestry ecosystem in South Kangsabati Forest Division, India. The study was carried out in May 2021 to May 2022 that based on transect, focal observation and pan trap samplings. A total of 1,085 individuals were identified during the field work, belonging to three family seven genera (Apis, Tetragonula, Xylocopa, Ceratina, Amegelia, Nomia, and Megachile) and seventeen species, the non Apis bees (63.78%) were most abundant than Apis bees (36.22%). In brinjal, Shannon diversity index of bees is 2.12 and Shannon evenness index is 0.35, whereas, Shannon diversity index in ridge gourd was 1.94 and Shannon evenness index is 0.3. The observations signify greater diversity and population of wild bees. The natural habitat close to agricultural land helps to sustain the diversity and population of wild bees, which enhance the crop quality and yield.
Cooling and Crack Suppression of Bone Material Drilling Based on Microtextured Bit Modeled on Dung Beetle
Authors: Lian Yunsong , Chen Xiande , Xie Chaoping , Long Yangyang , Lin Fengtian , Zhou Wei , Chu Xuyang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the number of patients with orthopedic diseases such as cervical spondylosis has increased, resulting in an increase in the demand for orthopedic surgery. However, thermal necrosis and bone cracks caused by surgery severely restrict the development and progression of orthopedic surgery. For the material of cutting tool processing bone in bone surgery of drilling high temperature lead to cell death, easy to produce the problem such as crack cause secondary damage effects to restore, in this paper, a bionic drill was designed based on the micro-structure of the dung beetle’s head and back. The microstructure configuration parameters were optimized by numerical analysis, and making use of the optical fiber laser marking machine preparation of bionic bit; through drilling test, the mathematical model of drilling temperature and crack generation based on micro-structure characteristic parameters was established by infrared thermal imaging technology and acoustic emission signal technology, and the cooling mechanism and crack suppression strategy were studied. The experimental results show that when the speed is 60 m/min, the cooling effects of the bionic bit T1 and T2 are 15.31% and 19.78%, respectively, and both kinds of bits show obvious crack suppression effect. The research in this paper provides a new idea for precision and efficient machining of bone materials, and the research results will help to improve the design and manufacturing technology and theoretical research level in the field of bone drilling tools.
The appropriacy of the analytical models for calculating the shear capacity of cross-laminated timber (CLT) under out-of-plane bending
Authors: Huang Zirui , Jiang Lingyun , Ni Chun , Chen Zhongfan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRolling shear, an inherent property of cross-laminated timber (CLT) due to the weak shear strength of cross layers, is always the determinant of load-bearing capacity for short-span CLT members subjected to out-of-plane bending. Many analytical models were developed to calculate the shear capacity of CLT members. Because of the difficulty to precisely model the complicated shear failure mechanisms, however, no model was universally accepted. This paper aims to study the appropriacy of the commonly used analytical models, namely, composite beam theory, shear analogy method, Gamma method, and simple beam theory, by tests and analytical calculations. A composite beam theory-based simplified method was proposed. Three-point loading tests for the short-span CLT panels with 3 and 5 layers were conducted, and the shear capacities of the test specimens were calculated using the above-mentioned analytical methods. Shear strength and modulus of cross layers of the test specimens, which were used as the inputs for calculating the shear capacities, were tested by modified planar shear method. By comparing the calculation results obtained from different analytical models and the test results as well, it can be concluded that: (1) composite beam theory, shear analogy method, and the proposed simplified method give almost the same calculation results, therefore, the proposed simplified method can be used as the replacement for the other models; (2) Gamma method is more appropriate for calculating the shear capacity in case the input shear strength is determined by planar shear test; (3) the simple beam theory that is used in CSA O86 provides significantly lower shear capacity predictions than those obtained by the other methods.
Galcanezumab effects on incidence of headache after occurrence of triggers, premonitory symptoms, and aura in responders, non-responders, super-responders, and super non-responders
Authors: Ashina Sait , Melo-Carrillo Agustin , Toluwanimi Ajayi , Bolo Nicolas , Szabo Edina , Borsook David , Burstein Rami 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
The goal of this observational, open-label, cohort study was to determine whether prophylactic migraine treatment with galcanezumab, a peripherally acting drug, alters the incidence of premonitory symptoms, and/or occurrence of headache after exposure to triggers or aura episodes in treatment-responders (≥ 50% reduction in monthly migraine days [MMD]), super-responders (≥ 70%), non-responders (< 50%) and super non-responders (< 30%).

Methods
Participants were administered electronic daily headache diaries to document migraine days and associated symptoms one month before and during the three months of treatment. Questionnaires were used to identify conscious prodromal and trigger events that were followed by headache prior to vs. after 3 months of treatment.

Results
After 3 months of galcanezumab treatment, (a) the incidence of premonitory symptoms that were followed by headache decreased by 48% in the 27 responders vs. 28% in the 19 non-responders, and by 50% in the 11 super-responders vs. 12% in the 8 super non-responders; (b) the incidence of visual and sensory aura that were followed by headache was reduced in responders, non-responders, and super-responders, but not in super non-responders; (c) the number of triggers followed by headache decreased by 38% in responders vs. 13% in non-responders, and by 31% in super-responders vs. 4% in super non-responders; and (d) some premonitory symptoms (e.g., cognitive impairment, irritability, fatigue) and triggers (e.g., stress, sleeping too little, bright light, aura) were followed by headache only in super non-responders.

Conclusions
Mechanistically, these findings suggest that even a mild decrease in migraine frequency is sufficient to partially reverse the excitability and responsivity of neurons involved in the generation of certain triggers and potentially premonitory symptoms of migraine.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04271202. Registration date: February 10, 2020.
Disease burden of migraine and tension-type headache in non-high-income East and Southeast Asia from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Ge Rongguang , Chang Jie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe world faces severe challenges from migraine and tension-type headache (TTH), which cause grave disability to patients and place a heavy burden on their caregivers. However, headaches in specific individual regions have rarely been investigated. Therefore, we aimed to fully analyse and describe the current status and changing trends in migraine and TTH in non-high-income East and Southeast Asia to provide more detailed real-world information for policy-making.MethodsThe migraine and TTH data used for analysis were all extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database. We adopted three major indicators of disease burden, including prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability (YLD), and two major metrics, including the absolute number and the age-standardized rate, in our present study for further evaluation by age and sex. The results are presented in the form of mean values and 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). In addition, the differences between non-high-income East and Southeast Asia and other regions, as well as the potential associations between headache burden and socioeconomic background, were explored.ResultsIn 2019, approximately 195,702,169 migraine patients and 291,924,564 TTH patients lived in non-high-income East Asia, and 113,401,792 migraine patients and 179,938,449 TTH patients lived in non-high-income Southeast Asia. In terms of specific countries and regions, the highest age-standardized YLD rate (ASYR) of migraine was in Thailand [645 (95% UI: 64 to 1,554)]. The highest ASYR of TTH was in Indonesia [54 (95% UI: 15 to 197)]. Furthermore, people between the ages of 40 and 44, especially females, were identified as the main population that suffered from migraine and TTH. Unfortunately, we did not observe a significant association between headache burden and socioeconomic background.ConclusionsTo date, the threats from migraine and TTH in non-high-income East and Southeast Asia are still serious and ongoing, leading to prominently negative impacts on the daily life and work of local residents. Therefore, full attention and sound guidelines are urgently needed to obtain greater advantages in fighting against the burden of headache disorders in the future.
Evidence-based yet still challenging! Research on physical activity in old age
Authors: Brach Michael , de Bruin Eling D. , Levin Oron , Hinrichs Timo , Zijlstra Wiebren , Netz Yael 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPreserving functional health and quality-of-life in old age is a major goal and global challenge in public health. The high rate of sedentary behavior that is characteristic of the older adult population exacerbates impairments of physiological and structural systems that are typically seen in the aging process. Achieving an understanding of the profound influence of physical activity on all aspects of health in old age is the driving force behind the emergence of "physical activity in old age" as a growing area of research. Accumulated evidence implies that being physically active and exercising is far superior to other optimal aging facilitators. Yet this area of research faces numerous constraints and obstacles. This commentary addresses some of these challenges, primarily the heterogeneity of the aging process, which induces both inter- and intra-individual differences among aged individuals, heterogeneity in assessment tools, unjustified inclusion/exclusion criteria and insufficient recruitment strategies, difficulties in implementing research results in real-world conditions, and rudimentary exploitation of innovative technology. We explain the importance of establishing a network of multidisciplinary scientists and stakeholders to propose consensus-based goals and scientifically evidenced wide-ranging plans for dealing with these challenges. In addition, we suggest work directions for this network.
Oscillatory shear stress modulates Notch-mediated endothelial mesenchymal plasticity in cerebral arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Karthika C. L. , Venugopal Vani , Sreelakshmi B. J. , Krithika S. , Thomas Jaya Mary , Abraham Mathew , Kartha C. C. , Rajavelu Arumugam , Sumi S. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (cAVM) are a significant cause of intracranial hemorrhagic stroke and brain damage. The arteriovenous junctions in AVM nidus are known to have hemodynamic disturbances such as altered shear stress, which could lead to endothelial dysfunction. The molecular mechanisms coupling shear stress and endothelial dysfunction in cAVMs are poorly understood. We speculated that disturbed blood flow in artery–vein junctions activates Notch receptors and promotes endothelial mesenchymal plasticity during cAVM formation.

Methods
We investigated the expression profile of endothelial mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and cell adhesion markers, as well as activated Notch receptors, in 18 human cAVM samples and 15 control brain tissues, by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemical evaluation. Employing a combination of a microfluidic system, qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence, as well as invasion and inhibitor assays, the effects of various shear stress conditions on Notch-induced EndMT and invasive potential of human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/d3) were analyzed.

Results
We found evidence for EndMT and enhanced expression of activated Notch intracellular domain (NICD3 and NICD4) in human AVM nidus samples. The expression of transmembrane adhesion receptor integrin α9/β1 is significantly reduced in cAVM nidal vessels. Cell–cell adhesion proteins such as VE-cadherin and N-cadherin were differentially expressed in AVM nidus compared with control brain tissues. Using well-characterized hCMECs, we show that altered fluid shear stress steers Notch3 nuclear translocation and promotes SNAI1/2 expression and nuclear localization. Oscillatory flow downregulates integrin α9/β1 and VE-cadherin expression, while N-cadherin expression and endothelial cell invasiveness are augmented. Gamma-secretase inhibitor RO4929097, and to a lesser level DAPT, prevent the mesenchymal transition and invasiveness of cerebral microvascular endothelial cells exposed to oscillatory fluid flow.

Conclusions
Our study provides, for the first time, evidence for the role of oscillatory shear stress in mediating the EndMT process and dysregulated expression of cell adhesion molecules, especially multifunctional integrin α9/β1 in human cAVM nidus. Concomitantly, our findings indicate the potential use of small-molecular inhibitors such as RO4929097 in the less-invasive therapeutic management of cAVMs.

Graphical Abstract
What’s effective and ineffective in preparing high school biology educators to teach evolution? Evidence from a representative national U.S. survey
Authors: Branch Glenn , Plutzer Eric , Reid Ann 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhat types of coursework prepare biology teachers to teach evolution effectively? The present study provides answers to that question based on evidence from a nationally representative sample of public high school biology teachers in the U.S. Data about their pre-service coursework (in seven categories) and their attitudes and practices relevant to teaching evolution (in five categories relating to personal acceptance of evolution, perception of scientific consensus on evolution, instructional time devoted to evolution, classroom characterization of evolution and creationism, and emphasis on specific topics in teaching evolution) were collected.ResultsCoursework focused on evolution was significantly associated with positive outcomes: more class hours devoted to evolution, not presenting creationism as scientifically credible, and prioritizing common ancestry, human evolution, and the origin of life as topics of instruction, while shunning Biblical perspectives on the history of life. Similarly, coursework with some evolution content was significantly associated with positive outcomes: awareness of the scientific consensus on evolution, presenting evolution but not creationism as scientifically credible, and prioritizing common ancestry as a topic of instruction. But surprisingly, methods coursework on problem-based learning was significantly associated with negative outcomes: presenting creationism as well as evolution as scientifically credible and prioritizing Biblical perspectives on the history of life as a topic of instruction. Similarly, and likewise surprisingly, methods coursework on teaching controversial topics was associated with a negative outcome: presenting creationism as scientifically credible.ConclusionConsistent with previous work, the results of the present study suggest that pre-service coursework in evolution is important in preparing educators to teach evolution effectively. But they also suggest, surprisingly, that pre-service methods coursework aimed at preparing educators to teach evolution effectively tends, at present, to be counterproductive, leading to the presentation of creationism as scientifically credible.
Correlation and agreement between arterial and venous blood gas analysis in patients with hypotension—an emergency department-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Prasad Hari , Vempalli Nagasubramanyam , Agrawal Naman , Ajun U. N. , Salam Ajmal , Subhra Datta Soumya , Singhal Ashutosh , Ranjan Nishant , Shabeeba Sherin P. P. , Sundareshan G. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Blood gas analysis is integral to assessing emergency department (ED) patients with acute respiratory or metabolic disease. Arterial blood gas (ABG) is the gold standard for oxygenation, ventilation, and acid–base status but is painful to obtain. Peripheral venous blood gas (VBG) is a valuable alternative as it is less painful and easy to collect. The comparability of ABG and VBG was studied in various conditions. But in hypotension, previous findings were inconsistent. So, we studied the correlation and agreement between ABG and VBG in hypotensive patients.

Methodology
The study was conducted at the emergency department of a tertiary healthcare center in Northern India. Patients with hypotension above 18 years who satisfied the inclusion criteria were clinically evaluated. Patients who require ABG as a part of routine care were sampled. ABG was collected from the radial artery. VBG was obtained from the cubital or dorsal hand veins. Both samples were collected within 10 min and were analyzed. All ABG and VBG variables were entered in premade proforma. The patient was then treated and disposed of according to institutional protocol.

Results
A total of 250 patients were enrolled. The mean age was 53.25 ± 15.71 years. 56.8% were male. The study included 45.6% septic, 34.4% hypovolemic, 18% cardiogenic, and 2% obstructive shock patients. The study found a strong correlation and agreement for ABG and VBG pH, pCO2, HCO3, lactate, sodium, potassium, chloride, ionized calcium, blood urea nitrogen, base excess, and arterial/alveolar oxygen ratio. Hence, regression equations were made for the aforementioned. There was no correlation observed between ABG and VBG pO2 and SpO2. Our study concluded that VBG could be a reasonable alternative for ABG in hypotensive patients. We can also mathematically predict values of ABG from VBG using regression equations derived.

Conclusions
ABG sampling causes most unpleasant experiences to patients and is associated with complications like arterial injury, thrombosis, air or clotted-blood embolism, arterial occlusion, hematoma, aneurysm formation, and reflex sympathetic dystrophy. The study has shown strong correlations and agreements for most ABG and VBG parameters and can predict ABG mathematically using regression formulas formulated from VBG. This will decrease needle stick injury, consume less time, and make blood gas evaluation easy in hypotensive settings.