bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Financial intermediation, inclusion, Fintech, and income inequality in Africa: Robust evidence from the supply and demand side data
Authors: Ashenafi Biruk B. , Yan Dong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe current literature on the finance‐inequality nexus fall short of providing extensive evidence. This paper fills the gap by framing the financial sector; to the development of financial intermediation (supply side) and individual use of financial services (demand side). The first approach decouples the financial sector into the banking and stock market. We use the 5‐year nonoverlapping averaged data from 1980 to 2017 across 49 countries and employ a panel data fixed effect and two‐stage least squared estimation (2sls). We show that banking and stock market development widens income inequality. Besides, the effect is more prominent in countries that have a banking and stock market than countries only with the banking sector. The second approach uses financial inclusion and financial technology (Fintech) data from three waves of survey data in 2011, 2014 and 2017 on the individual use of financial services across 39 countries. We obtain three key findings. First, institutional quality significantly affects financial inclusion and Fintech. Second, Fintech positively affects inclusion and savings. Third, financial inclusion and Fintech exacerbate income inequality. Our result asserts a natural tendency that financial sector development exacerbate income inequality in Africa.
Growth and behaviour of juvenile European eel (Anguilla anguilla) in sandy and stony bottom substrates
Authors: Motyka Roman , Calles Olle , Lind Lovisa , Watz Johan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUnderstanding how the physical habitat influences growth and behaviour is essential for developing effective habitat restoration programmes of threatened and endangered fish species. In our study, we compared the growth and behaviour of juvenile European eel during 13 weeks in aquaria with either sand (0.8–2 mm) or pebbles (25–40 mm) as bottom substrate. In aquaria with the pebble substrate, eel grew significantly faster than in aquaria with sand (specific growth rate 0.15 vs. 0.11% day−1). Moreover, growth rates varied more for individuals inhabiting aquaria with sand than in those with pebbles (coefficient of variation 1.26 vs. 0.67). Habitat‐dependent growth rates may partly be explained by the observed differences in behavioural patterns. In aquaria with sand, eel left the substrate more often and moved close to the bottom or freely in water column. In aquaria with pebbles, eel remained hidden in the substrate to a high degree, also during feeding. These results may be important for prioritising connectivity‐ and habitat‐restoring measures and for optimization of restocking programmes.
Current perspectives on resistance to chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy and strategies to improve efficacy in B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Ong Shin Yeu , Chen Yunxin , Tan Melinda Si Yun , Ho Aloysius Yew Leng , Hwang William Ying Khee , Lim Francesca Lorraine Wei Inng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy has demonstrated remarkable efficacy in patients with chemo‐refractory B‐cell lymphoma, a significant portion is refractory or relapse. Resistance is a major barrier to improving treatment efficacy and long‐term survival in CAR T‐cell therapy, and clinicians have very limited tools to discriminate a priori patients who will or will not respond to treatment. While CD19‐negative relapses due to loss of target antigen is well described, it accounts for only about 30% of cases with treatment failure. Recent efforts have shed light on mechanisms of CD19‐positive relapse due to tumor intrinsic resistance, T‐cell quality/manufacturing, or CAR T‐cell exhaustion mediated by hostile tumor microenvironment. Here, we review the latest updates of preclinical and clinical trials to investigate the mechanisms of resistance and relapse post CAR T‐cell therapy in B cell lymphoma and discuss novel treatment strategies to overcome resistance as well as advances that are useful for a CAR T therapist to optimize and personalize CAR T‐cell therapy.
Surgical management of an atypical chronic fracture of the third trochanter of the femur
Authors: Tischmacher Adeline , Beaumont Audrey , Campos Schweitzer Ariane , Rossignol Fabrice , Denoix Jean‐Marie 
Published: March 2023

SummaryFractures of the third trochanter of the femur are an uncommon cause of hindlimb lameness in the horse. The diagnosis is easily made with ultrasonography. Reported prognosis is good after a period of rest and a progressive return to exercise. This case report describes a third trochanter fracture in a 5‐year‐old trotter mare, which is atypical in terms of both its clinical presentation and management. At the dynamic examination, a left hind lameness was only observed when harnessed at the track. Nuclear scintigraphic examination revealed a marked increase in radiopharmaceutical uptake on the third trochanter of the left femur. Radiographic and ultrasonographic findings confirmed an old complete fracture of the third trochanter of the left femur, with a displaced fragment. The mare was referred for surgical treatment in order to remove the fractured third trochanter. At the follow‐up examination, the mare was sound in hand and imaging revealed successful resection of the main fractured fragment. After a period of stall rest, the mare progressively resumed training and then racing 7.5 months after the surgery, performing at its expected level. Surgical treatment may be an option for chronic fractures of the third trochanter.
Five‐ versus seven‐day dosing intervals of extended‐release injectable omeprazole in the treatment of equine squamous and glandular gastric disease
Authors: Sundra Tania , Kelty Erin , Rendle David 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAn extended‐release injectable omeprazole formulation (ERIO) has become a popular treatment for equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD) and equine glandular gastric disease (EGGD) where it is available; however, published data are limited and optimal treatment regimens have not been determined.ObjectivesTo compare effects of treatment on ESGD and EGGD when an ERIO formulation is administered at either 5‐ or 7‐day intervals.Study designRetrospective clinical study.MethodsCase records and gastroscopy images of horses with ESGD or EGGD treated with ERIO were reviewed. Images were anonymised and graded by one researcher masked to treatment group. Treatment responses were compared between the two treatment schedules using univariable ordered logistic regression.ResultsForty‐three horses were treated with ERIO at 5‐day intervals and 39 horses at 7‐day intervals. Signalment and presenting signs did not differ between groups. The proportions of horses with EGGD healing (to grade 0 or 1) in association with ERIO used at 5‐day intervals (93%) were higher than associated with treatment at 7‐day intervals (69%; odds ratio [OR]: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.23–4.74, p = 0.01). For ESGD, there was no significant difference in the proportion of horses healing in association with treatment at 5‐day intervals (97%) compared with 7‐day intervals (82%; OR: 2.75, 95% CI: 0.91–8.31, p = 0.07). Four of 328 injections were associated with an injection‐site reaction (1%).Main limitationsRetrospective study design, lack of randomisation and limited case numbers.ConclusionsThe use of ERIO at 5‐day intervals might be more appropriate than the 7‐day interval that is used currently.
Neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin as a potential biomarker for equine asthma
Authors: Hansen Sanni , Otten Nina D. , Spang‐Hanssen Liv , Bendorff Christine , Jacobsen Stine 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundStudies in people have found neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) concentrations are increased in asthma and can be used to distinguish between asthma subtypes. NGAL has not yet been investigated in equine asthma (EA).ObjectivesTo investigate the ability of NGAL concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and serum to distinguish between control horses, horses with mild–moderate EA (MEA) and horses with severe EA (SEA).Study designRetrospective cross‐sectional study.MethodsDetails of endoscopic examination including tracheal mucus score (TMS, scale 0–5) and BAL cytology performed on 227 horses were extracted from records and NGAL concentrations were measured on stored serum and BAL fluid samples. The horses were divided into groups (control group n = 73, MEA n = 98, SEA n = 56) based on clinical signs and BAL cytology results. Differences between groups were evaluated with the Mann–Whitney test and correlation between BAL NGAL, serum NGAL, and BAL cytology were evaluated using Spearman's correlation.ResultsBAL NGAL concentrations were higher in EA than in control horses (median: 25.6 and 13.3 μg/L, respectively, p < 0.001). Concentrations of NGAL in BAL differed between groups, with higher concentrations in MEA than in control horses (median: 18.5 and 13.3 μg/L, respectively, p < 0.001), and higher concentrations in SEA than in MEA horses (median: 54.1 and 18.5 μg/L, respectively, p < 0.001). BAL NGAL concentration differed between horses with TMS ≤2 an >2 (median 15.6 and 21.1 μg/L, respectively, p = 0.004). No differences were found in serum NGAL concentration between any of the groups.Main limitationOnly 66 of the 227 (29%) horses had haematology and serum NGAL measured.ConclusionBAL NGAL concentration differed between control and EA and reflected severity of disease. These results justify further research into the potential of NGAL as a biomarker of EA.
Restricted power: Can microorganisms maintain soil organic matter stability under warming exceeding 2 degrees?
Authors: Zhou Jie , Wen Yuan , Rillig Matthias C. , Shi Lingling , Dippold Michaela A. , Zeng Zhaohai , Kuzyakov Yakov , Zang Huadong , Jones Davey L. , Blagodatskaya Evgenia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimThe Paris Climate Agreement is pursuing efforts to limit global warming to less than 2 °C in this century, but increasing evidence shows that temperatures are likely to rise up to 4.8 °C by 2100. This points to an urgent need to investigate how the temperature impact on microbial regulation will endanger soil organic matter stability under warming approaching or exceeding 2 °C.LocationSouthern Germany and the globe.Time Period2010–2018.Major Taxa StudiedSoil organic matter stability and microbial adaptations.MethodsWe analyzed soil properties and enzyme activities within (a) a long‐term field experiment with soil warming to below and above 2 °C (+1.6 vs. +3.2 °C), and (b) a literature review of 213 comparable studies globally (+0–2 vs. +2–4 °C).ResultsThe soil organic C (SOC) stock remained unchanged after 8 years under both warming magnitudes, whereas the labile C pool increased by 10% under >2 °C. Unlike the SOC pool, total N (TN) content increased by 20% under >2 °C as compared to ambient. A potential explanation for the increased TN content is linked to unbalanced processes of necromass formation and enzymatic decomposition. Warming induced faster microbial growth and turnover, but reduced catalytic efficiency and the enzyme‐mediated decomposition of oligosaccharides and polypeptides. This consequently caused N accumulation in microbial necromass. Although microbial regulation can maintain SOC at stable levels, warming exceeding 2 °C will change the projected effects of temperature on soil TN pools in the future. Early action to accomplish the 2 °C temperature goal can therefore markedly reduce the likelihood that large regions will face substantial increase of SOC availability, N accumulation and related climate impacts on C and N cycling.Main ConclusionsIt is crucial to include microbial metabolic responses (i.e., faster microbial growth and turnover) to warming in global C and N cycle models to improve the prediction of climate warming scenarios.
Assessing the influence of migraine on ischemic penumbra and on the prognosis of ischemic stroke: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Oliveira Felipe A. A. , Dourado‐Filho Mario G. , Sampaio Rocha‐Filho Pedro A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionThere is controversy as to whether migraine affects the behavior of ischemic penumbra during the acute phase of an ischemic stroke, thereby accelerating the formation of cerebral infarction.ObjectivesTo assess whether migraine modifies the existence and volume of the divergence between the areas of diffusion and perfusion in the stroke (the penumbra) and whether migraine implies a poorer prognosis after the stroke.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study. We included hospitalized patients with ischemic stroke within 72 h of symptom onset (convenience sampling). A semi‐structured questionnaire, the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) were used. Patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain with diffusion and with perfusion. Patients were assessed by telephone 3 months after the stroke to determine the prognosis. Scores of > 2 on the mRS were considered to have a poor prognosis.ResultsA total of 221 patients were included, 131/221 (59%) of whom were male, and with a mean (SD) age of 68.2 (13.8) years. Ischemic penumbra analysis was performed in 118 patients. There was no association between migraine and the absence of ischemic penumbra (16/63 [25%] vs. 12/55 [22%]; odds ratio 1.22, 95% confidence interval 0.52–2.87; p = 0.64). There was no difference in stroke volume between those with and without migraine (median [interquartile range] 1.0 [0.4–7.9] vs. 1.8 [0.3–9.4] cm3; p = 0.99). Migraine was not associated with the stroke prognosis after multivariable analysis.ConclusionMigraine is not associated with the absence of ischemic penumbra, the volume of the ischemic penumbra, or the stroke prognosis.
Discrimination and authentication of lard blending with palm oil in cosmetic soap formulations
Authors: Aziz Atiqah Ab , Abdullah Sani Muhamad Shirwan , Zakaria Zalina , Abu Bakar Nor Kartini 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe employment of Fourier transforms infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics for determination and quantification of lard in a binary blend with palm oil in a cosmetic soap formulations.ObjectiveTo determine and quantify lard as an adulterant in a binary blend with palm oil in a cosmetic soap formulations by FT‐IR and multivariate analysis.MethodsFatty acids in lard, palm oil and binary blends were extracted via liquid–liquid extraction and were subjected to FTIR spectrometry, combined with principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis (DA) for the classification of lard in cosmetic soap formulations via two DA models: Model A (percentage of lard in cosmetic soap) and Model B (porcine and non‐porcine cosmetic soap). Linear regression (MLR), partial least square regression (PLS‐R) and principal components regression (PCR) were used to assess the degree of adulteration of lard in the cosmetic soap.FindingsThe FTIR spectrum of palm oil slightly differed from that of lard at the wavenumber range of 1453 cm −1 and 1415 cm −1 in palm oil and lard, respectively, indicating the bending vibrations of CH2 and CH3 aliphatic groups and OH carboxyl group respectively. Both of the DA models could accurately classify 100% of cosmetic soap formulations. Nevertheless, less than 100% of verification value was obtained when it was further used to predict the unknown cosmetic soap sample suspected of containing lard or a different percentage of lard. The PCA for Model A and Model B explained a similar cumulative variability (CV) of 92.86% for the whole dataset. MLR and PCR showed the highest determination coefficient (R2) of 0.996, and the lowest relative standard error (RSE) and mean square error (MSE), indicating that both regression models were effective in quantifying the lard adulterant in cosmetic soap.ConclusionFTIR spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics with DA, PCA and MLR or PCR can be used to analyse the presence of lard and quantify its percentage in cosmetic soap formulations.
Quality characteristics of eggless muffins prepared using egg solution alternatives containing super mealworm protein isolate and carrageenan
Authors: Cho Ha‐Seong , Olawuyi Ibukunoluwa Fola , Park Jong‐Jin , Lee Won‐Young 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThis study investigated the feasibility of preparing muffins using egg solution alternatives comprising super mealworm protein isolate (MW; 2.3% and 4.3%) and carrageenan (C; 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0%) to improve eggless muffin quality. Physical and nutritional assessments of the developed eggless muffins, including texture profile, protein content and digestibility, were evaluated and compared with muffins containing egg solution. The result revealed that eggless muffins containing 4.3% MW (MW4C0.5, MW4C1.0 and MW4C2.0) showed comparable protein content (7.19%–7.55%) and springiness (103.00%–110.00%) as egg muffins. Higher concentrations of carrageenan in egg solution alternatives increased the chewiness and cohesiveness of eggless muffins. Eggless muffins also exhibited higher protein digestibility (83.92% ± 1.75%) than egg muffins (36.79% ± 5.37%). Sensory evaluation results revealed that all eggless muffins were acceptable to consumers. Our results suggest that egg solution alternatives of super mealworm protein and carrageenan are potential substitutes for preparing eggless muffins.
Changes in the physicochemical characteristics and lipid concomitant of rapeseed oil during germination
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zhang Xuping , Qu Zhihao , Zhang Na , Li Qi , Gao Yuan , Yu Xiuzhu 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThis study aimed at determining the changes in physicochemical characteristics and lipid concomitant of rapeseed oil during germination. Rapeseeds of two varieties, namely Shanyou 28 (Sy 28) and Qinyou 10 (Qy 10), were germinated. Oil was obtained by roasting, pressing and moderate refinement. The germination of 12–48 h led to a reduction in acid value, and 24–72 h led to a decrease in peroxide value. α‐Tocopherol content increased consistently throughout the entire period, increasing to 2.96‐ and 2.50‐fold at the end of germination. In the germination process of 36–72 h, β‐sitosterol, campesterol and brassicasterol content increased gradually. At 72 h, the total phytosterol content rose modestly (1884.02–2071.55 and 1743.96–2691.72 mg kg−1). Carotenoid content increased dramatically (5.81–12.68 and 2.54–12.35 mg kg−1). An increase occurred in unsaturated fatty acids from 24 to 72 h, whereas saturated fatty acids decreased. These findings indicated that germination enhanced α‐tocopherol, phytosterol and carotenoid, as well as the fatty acid composition, thereby improving the nutritional value and edible quality of oil. Among various constituents, α‐tocopherol in oil could be considered as a reference marker to distinguish the germination stage and estimate the nutritional value of rapeseed oil.
Trends in informal and formal home help use among older adults with disabilities in Japan: From 1999 to 2017
Authors: Sugisawa Hidehiro , Sugihara Yoko , Kobayashi Erika , Fukaya Taro , Liang Jersey 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe examined trends and differences in home help (HH) use between 1999 and 2017 regarding living arrangements, gender, income and disability levels relating to the changes in Japan's long‐term care policy. HH is the help provided for activities of daily living to older adults with disabilities. We classified it into four types: only informal, informal and formal, only formal and neither and measured perceived adequacy of HH received by participants. We used five waves of repeated cross‐sectional data from 1999 to 2017 to examine trends using generalised estimation equations. The use of both informal and formal HH increased until 2006 and then gradually decreased but remained higher than in 1999. High perceived adequacy of HH received remained stable between 1999 and 2017. For participants living alone, the rate of using both informal and formal HH increased after 2002; high perceived adequacy of HH received increased until 2006, subsequently remaining steady.
Cultural–legal brokering and gender: A study of refugee‐serving institutions upon resettlement
Authors: Gonzalez Benson Odessa , Asadi Leila , Pimentel Walker Ana Paula , Yoshihama Mieko 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIncreased academic attention to the intersections of refugee studies and gender studies has focused on the lives and trajectories of refugee women. In this study, we examine resettlement institutions involved with refugee women, drawing upon critical scholarship on “brokerage.” Brokers reproduce and impose the powers of the state, but also negotiate with and resist the state. We draw from interviews with resettlement workers and refugee leaders in refugee‐serving institutions, focusing on one mid‐sized metropolitan area in the United States. We argue that resettlement institutions enact brokering not only in the cultural domain but also the legal domain. We further posit that cultural–legal brokering is enacted via contested negotiation of idealized patriarchal values–traditions in both the countries of origin and resettlement.
A review of network DEA models based on slacks‐based measure: Evolution of literature, applications, and further research direction
Authors: Alves Camila Guimarães Monteiro de Freitas , Meza Lídia Angulo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a literature review on network models in data envelopment analysis (DEA) focused on the slack‐based network model called slacks‐based measure‐network data envelopment analysis (SBM‐NDEA). The search was carried out in an international database, resulting in 97 publications in the period from 2009 to 2021. From these publications, a descriptive analysis is performed, the evolution of the literature is mapped, the articles are organized into categories, and the main methodological references for the models and applications used are identified. Also, the most used models and their main characteristics are described, in addition to the analysis of the applications. Moreover, the sectors and countries with the highest number of applications are also identified. Through this review, it was possible to observe an increase in the number of network studies using the SBM‐NDEA in recent years. Finally, directions for future research in SBM‐NDEA are suggested.
Distributing the fashion product in direct or retail channel: The impact of fashion level and direct selling cost
Authors: Wang Haijun , Liu Guanmei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe investigate a dual‐channel supply chain with a retailer and a manufacturer who manufactures the fashion product and the common product. The manufacturer can distribute the fashion product directly to consumers or through the retailer. By formulating a game theory model, we find that the fashion product is distributed through a direct channel if the direct selling cost is small. However, if the direct selling cost is quite small, there is no fashion product being distributed through a retail channel even though the manufacturer intends to distribute the fashion product through the retail channel. Our results further reveal that both firms benefit from distributing the fashion product of a low fashion level through a direct channel if the direct selling cost is small, and the manufacturer always hurts from it if the direct selling cost is medium. By comparing the firms' profits from distributing the fashion product through direct and retail channels, we demonstrate that the manufacturer prefers to distribute the fashion product directly to the consumers and the retailer prefers to carry the common product in most conditions. However, if the direct selling cost is quite small and the fashion level of the fashion product is quite high, or the direct selling cost is quite large and the fashion level of the fashion product is quite low, the manufacturer prefers to distribute the fashion product through the retailer and the retailer prefers to carry the fashion product.