bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delving into instructor‐led feedback interventions informed by learning analytics in massive open online courses
Authors: Topali Paraskevi , Chounta Irene‐Angelica , Martínez‐Monés Alejandra , Dimitriadis Yannis 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundProviding feedback in massive open online courses (MOOCs) is challenging due to the massiveness and heterogeneity of learners' population. Learning analytics (LA) solutions aim at scaling up feedback interventions and supporting instructors in this endeavour.Paper ObjectivesThis paper focuses on instructor‐led feedback mediated by LA tools in MOOCs. Our goal is to answer how, to what extent data‐driven feedback is provided to learners, and what its impact is.MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature review on the state‐of‐the‐art LA‐informed instructor‐led feedback in MOOCs. From a pool of 227 publications, we selected 38 articles that address the topic of LA‐informed feedback in MOOCs mediated by instructors. We applied etic content analysis to the collected data.Results and ConclusionsThe results revealed a lack of empirical studies exploring LA to deliver feedback, and limited attention on pedagogy to inform feedback practices. Our findings suggest the need for systematization and evaluation of feedback. Additionally, there is a need for conceptual tools to guide instructors' in the design of LA‐based feedback.TakeawaysWe point out the need for systematization and evaluation of feedback. We envision that this research can support the design of LA‐based feedback, thus contributing to bridge the gap between pedagogy and data‐driven practice in MOOCs.
Research Review: The neuroscience of emerging adulthood – reward, ambiguity, and social support as building blocks of mental health
Authors: Silvers Jennifer A. , Peris Tara S. 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundThe interval between adolescence and adulthood, ‘emerging adulthood’ (EA), lays the foundation for lifelong health and well‐being. To date, there exist little empirical data – particularly in the neurobiological domain – to establish markers of risk and resilience during the transition to adulthood. This gap in the literature is concerning given the numerous forms of psychiatric illness that emerge or worsen during this period.MethodsIn this review, we focus on two strands of research with distinct importance for EA: reward sensitivity, and tolerance of ambiguity. We begin by placing these domains in a framework that considers the unique developmental goals of EA and then synthesize emerging neurobiological research on how these domains develop during EA. We then consider their role in common mental health problems that occur during this interval as well as how social support may moderate outcomes. Finally, we offer recommendations for advancing research to understand developmental process and outcomes in EA.Findings and conclusionsFew longitudinal studies specifically address emerging adult development and the milestones that characterize this interval. Data on neurobiological development are similarly sparse. Understanding neurobiological development during this window and its links to key adjustment outcomes is crucial for optimizing outcomes.
The ecological relevance of critical thermal maxima methodology for fishes
Authors: Desforges Jessica E. , Birnie‐Gauvin Kim , Jutfelt Fredrik , Gilmour Kathleen M. , Eliason Erika J. , Dressler Terra L. , McKenzie David J. , Bates Amanda E. , Lawrence Michael J. , Fangue Nann , Cooke Steven J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCritical thermal maxima methodology (CTM) has been used to infer acute upper thermal tolerance in fishes since the 1950s, yet its ecological relevance remains debated. In this study, the authors synthesize evidence to identify methodological concerns and common misconceptions that have limited the interpretation of critical thermal maximum (CTmax; value for an individual fish during one trial) in ecological and evolutionary studies of fishes. They identified limitations of, and opportunities for, using CTmax as a metric in experiments, focusing on rates of thermal ramping, acclimation regimes, thermal safety margins, methodological endpoints, links to performance traits and repeatability. Care must be taken when interpreting CTM in ecological contexts, because the protocol was originally designed for ecotoxicological research with standardized methods to facilitate comparisons within study individuals, across species and contexts. CTM can, however, be used in ecological contexts to predict impacts of environmental warming, but only if parameters influencing thermal limits, such as acclimation temperature or rate of thermal ramping, are taken into account. Applications can include mitigating the effects of climate change, informing infrastructure planning or modelling species distribution, adaptation and/or performance in response to climate‐related temperature change. The authors’ synthesis points to several key directions for future research that will further aid the application and interpretation of CTM data in ecological contexts.
Lactobacillus rhamnosusGG alleviates colitis caused by chemotherapy via biofilm formation
Authors: Qiu Xiaolan , Han Xuedong , Zhang Xiangcheng , Teng Lucy A , Sriwastva Mukesh K , Zhen Linlin , Li Zhi , Liu Minmin , Ren Yi , Wang Shui 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and AimSevere colitis is a common side effect of chemotherapy in cancer patients. In this study, we attempted to enhance the viability of probiotics in a gastric acid environment and improve the colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and docetaxel.MethodsWe purified Lactobacillus from yogurt and estimated their growth at pH 6.8 and pH 2.0. In the further investigation, the bacterial biofilm formation was used to define the mechanism by which administration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LGG) via oral gavage alleviates the colitis and intestine permeability of the mice induced by DSS and docetaxel. The potential benefit of probiotics on the treatment of breast cancer metastasis has been assessed as well.ResultsLactobacillus from yogurt growth was unexpectedly faster in the pH 2.0 than in the neutral pH medium during the first hour. LGG administered in the fasting state via oral gavage significantly improved the preventive effect in the colitis caused by DSS and docetaxel. LGG reduced the permeability of the intestine and decreased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6, in colitis by biofilm formation. Increasing the docetaxel dose may reduce breast tumor growth and metastasis in the lung but did not benefit survival due to severe colitis. However, the LGG supplement significantly improved the survival of tumor‐bearing mice following a high dose of docetaxel treatment.ConclusionsOur findings provide new insights into the potential mechanism of probiotic protection of the intestine and provide a novel therapeutic strategy to augment the chemotherapeutic treatment of tumors.
Symptom severity is a major determinant of cannabis‐based products use among people with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Barré Tangui , Testa Damien , Santos Melina , Marcellin Fabienne , Roux Perrine , Carrieri Patrizia , Radoszycki Lise , Protopopescu Camelia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAims and ObjectivesWe aimed to identify correlates of cannabinoid‐based products (CBP) use in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in France and Spain.BackgroundMS is responsible for a wide range of symptoms, including pain. Access to CBP differs according to local legislation. The French context is more restrictive than the Spanish one, and no data regarding cannabis use among MS patients has yet been published. Characterizing MS patients who use CBP constitutes a first step toward identifying persons most likely to benefit from them.DesignAn online cross‐sectional survey was submitted to MS patients who were members of a social network for people living with chronic diseases and were living in France or Spain.MethodsTwo study outcomes measured therapeutic CBP use and daily therapeutic CBP use. Seemingly unrelated bivariate probit regression models were used to test for associations between the outcomes and patients’ characteristics while accounting for country‐related differences. STROBE guidelines were followed in reporting this study.ResultsAmong 641 study participants (70% from France), the prevalence of CBP use was similar in both countries (23.3% in France vs. 20.1% in Spain). MS‐related disability was associated with both outcomes, with a gradient observed between different degrees of disability. MS‐related pain level was associated with CBP use only.ConclusionsCBP use is common in MS patients from both countries. The more severe the MS, the more participants turned to CBP to alleviate their symptoms. Easier access to CBP should be ensured for MS patients in need of relief, especially from pain.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study highlights the characteristics of MS patients using CBP. Such practices should be discussed by healthcare professional with MS patients.
‘Wrong’ cases and ‘wrong’ plaintiffs: intergenerational relationships and legal consciousness in China
Authors: LIU QIAN 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLegal consciousness is not a monolithic concept even in the minds of individual actors. Invoking the law is sometimes viewed positively and at other times not. My study reveals that ordinary people in China consider lawsuits seeking divorce to be acceptable but strongly disapprove of lawsuits seeking intergenerational support. My detailed analysis of this sharp contrast suggests that people consider legal mobilization favourably when claims are brought by the ‘right’ people in the ‘right’ cases, but that they bitterly oppose it when the ‘wrong’ people bring the ‘wrong’ kinds of cases. In this article, I explain how these categories of ‘right’ and ‘wrong’ legal claims and plaintiffs come into being and how they shape the legal consciousness of potential litigants in China.
Burdens of the what‐if: Vicarious anti‐Black racism and stress for Black mothers
Authors: Brantley Mia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveThrough qualitative in‐depth interviews with Black mothers, this study explores the role of their children's experiences of anti‐Black racism on their own perceived stress—that is, vicarious racism‐related stress.BackgroundRacism is a system of inequality impeding the health and well‐being of Black families. Specifically, because of the interconnected nature of mother–child relationships, vicarious racism is a pathway for Black maternal stress. This study examines two broad research questions: (1) How do mothers articulate the stress suffered due to their children's experiences of anti‐Black racism? (2) How are mothers perceiving this stress shaping their mental, emotional, and physical well‐being?MethodThis study utilized qualitative in‐depth interviews with 35 Black mothers of children in adolescence and emerging/young adulthood.ResultsMothers in this study discussed thinking about their children's experiences of racism often or daily, an experience defined in this study as hyperawareness. Hyperawareness was the primary source of vicarious racism‐related stress for mothers, through either their children's actualized experiences via rumination or anticipated experiences via hypervigilance. Regardless of whether the experience was actual or anticipated, mothers identified the stress suffered shaping their mental, emotional, and physical well‐being.ConclusionThrough a Black feminist lens, this article reveals how Black mothers distinctly identify what vicarious experiences of racism are, and how they generate stress within their familial context. This study extends previous family, race, and well‐being scholarship by exploring various forms of racism that may be contributing to Black maternal health and well‐being.
The exploited yet legally underappreciated apparel domain of indigenous communities: Tracing WIPO's efforts and ongoing challenges
Authors: Salar Niharika , Murthy Shrudula 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe International Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) regime currently endeavours to protect complex subject matters ranging from art and fashion to software. This paper will specifically examine the key international instruments (issued by the World Intellectual Property Organization [WIPO] and those applicable in the European Union) governing the apparel industry. To that end, it will analyse the different instruments governing the sector and will also highlight in brief the various initiatives undertaken by the WIPO towards facilitating and harmonising the process of protecting the different facets of the fashion sector. Further, we will look at the current statistics available on the different databases and will gauge how the sector has fared. Over the course of the paper, the authors will highlight the gap in the protection granted to garments or cloth weaving techniques belonging to indigenous communities (such fashion articles fall under the broad domain of the traditional cultural expression of a community) ranging from handlooms and handicrafts to unique textile and design prints, motifs, symbols, accessories, and so on, as compared to international fashion corporations. The existing gaps would be analysed in the current international IPR regime which makes it challenging to apply the current norms and standards of IP to elements of traditional and cultural clothing of indigenous communities. It will locate a few examples of communities utilising IPR to protect and promote their cultural heritage in the garment industry. Continuing on this tangent, the paper will look at how the IP regime can be adequately expanded to incorporate the needs and interests of indigenous communities and promote their fashion and culture. The final part of the paper will be conclusive in nature.
Lessons from India and Thailand for Cambodia's future implementation of the TRIPS Agreement for pharmaceutical patents
Authors: Tenni Brigitte , Lexchin Joel , Phin Sovath , Kittitrakul Chalermsak , Gleeson Deborah 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCambodia is expected to graduate from least developed country (LDC) status in the near future, at which time it will be required to make patents available for pharmaceutical products and processes to meet its obligations under the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). Given its impending transition from LDC status, there is a need to balance Cambodia's intellectual property (IP) policies and regulations with public health priorities to ensure access to affordable life‐saving medicines. This will be critical to achieving universal health coverage, one of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. This paper examines Cambodia's IP laws and regulations to identify provisions which could reduce access to affordable generic medicines when it starts to grant patents for pharmaceuticals. It systematically compares Cambodia's IP laws and regulations applicable to patents with those of Thailand and India—two developing countries which have had some successes in preserving access to medicines despite the introduction of pharmaceutical patents. It identifies lessons for Cambodia from the experiences of Thailand and India in implementing TRIPS and using TRIPS flexibilities such as compulsory licensing to ensure access to a sustainable supply of affordable generic medicines. India's experience of implementing TRIPS offers a practical and valuable lesson in applying TRIPS for the greatest public benefit. Thailand, although it has not utilised TRIPS flexibilities as extensively as India, also offers valuable lessons in adapting and interpreting IP law to ensure sustainable access to generic medicines, especially in relation to compulsory licencing. Key recommendations for reform for Cambodia include strengthening the use of preventive and remedial TRIPS flexibilities and removing criminal sanctions for patent infringements. Cambodia should reject any TRIPS‐plus provisions in its patent legislation, avoid membership of bilateral or plurilateral trade agreements that include TRIPS‐plus provisions and avoid signing patent treaties and agreements designed to facilitate the granting of patents.
Competition mode and common ownership in a mixed oligopoly
Authors: Xu Lili , Zhang Yidan , Matsumura Toshihiro 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPrice competition is more intense than quantity competition in private oligopolies, wherein all firms are profit maximizers. However, in mixed oligopolies where one state‐owned public firm competes with profit‐maximizing private firms, price competition may not result in tougher competition than quantity competition. In this study, we introduce common ownership, a distinct feature of recent financial markets, into a mixed oligopoly model and investigate how common ownership affects this ranking. We show that under common ownership, quantity competition is likely to be tougher than price competition. Moreover, we find that common ownership harms welfare regardless of the competition mode. Common ownership enhances private firms' profits under Bertrand competition while these may decline under Cournot competition.
A sequential exploration algorithm for the design optimization of horizontal road alignment
Authors: Zhang Tianlong , Gao Yan , Gao Tianci , Schonfeld Paul , Wu Yuecheng , Zhu Ying , Yang Shusheng , Wang Ping , He Qing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMost computer‐aided optimization procedures for horizontal alignment optimization of roads require the use of information such as horizontal points of intersection (PIs) to determine an alignment. In these methods, to obtain parameters such as the radius of the curve corresponding to a specific PI, the previous and next PIs must be known. In this paper, a sequential exploration algorithm (SEA) is proposed, and the algorithm continuously explores the entire optimization space through certain steps. Only the parameters of the previous node are required to determine the current node's parameters during the exploration process, avoiding the tight coupling between PIs in traditional optimization algorithms. Furthermore, the proposed SEA does not require assumptions about the positions and numbers of the PIs, and it can design near‐optimal road alignments that match geometric restrictions and automatically take transition curves into account. Another feature of the proposed algorithm is that it directly optimizes the geometric element parameters based on the actual milepost, and it is a fully collaborative optimization approach that does not require secondary optimization nesting during the optimization process. Analyses comparing the optimization effects of different algorithms are performed on a numerical case, that is, a problem of avoiding obstacles, and two actual cases from the literature, that is, a new road design problem and an existing road reconstruction problem. It is discovered that the proposed SEA results in an approximately 3% to 10% improvement in optimization effects when compared to two current cutting‐edge optimization algorithms. This work offers a new perspective on road alignment optimization by merging discrete and continuous optimizations, with a discrete component handling optimization accuracy and a continuous component handling real optimization.
Color pattern complexity in dwarf minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) of the northern Great Barrier Reef of Australia
Authors: Hutchings Marissa J. , Hamann Mark , Smithers Scott G. , Daley Emily N. , Birtles R. Alastair 
Published: March 2023

AbstractComplex color patterning is a characteristic feature of dwarf minke whales (DMWs; Balaenoptera acutorostrata) which has been used to photographically identify (photo‐ID) individuals and to research an aggregation on Australia's Great Barrier Reef (GBR). DMW color patterns have been described and applied in various studies, but a detailed and systematic analysis of their complexity is yet to be performed. Here, we applied a novel categorization tool to assess the variation, asymmetry, and association of several DMW color pattern elements, subelements, and their character states. Proportions, hierarchical clustering, and multiple correspondence analysis revealed a high level of asymmetric color pattern variation, with white markings dominant and associated on the right of the body. Our results will improve the citizen science driven photo‐ID of this little‐known cetacean as labor‐intensive manual methods transition to more efficient automated approaches. Such advancement will be challenging, yet beneficial for broader research into the poorly understood areas of DMW life history, evolution, genetics, social structure, and feeding. This could also potentially allow investigation into the functional significance of their color patterns.
Post‐secretory synthesis of a natural analog of iron‐gall ink in the black nectar of Melianthus spp.
Authors: Magner Evin T. , Roy Rahul , Freund Saxhaug Katrina , Zambre Amod , Bruns Kaitlyn , Snell‐Rood Emilie C. , Hampton Marshall , Hegeman Adrian D. , Carter Clay J. 
Published: March 2023

Summary

The black nectar produced by Melianthus flowers is thought to serve as a visual attractant to bird pollinators, but the chemical identity and synthesis of the black pigment are unknown.

A combination of analytical biochemistry, transcriptomics, proteomics, and enzyme assays was used to identify the pigment that gives Melianthus nectar its black color and how it is synthesized. Visual modeling of pollinators was also used to infer a potential function of the black coloration.

High concentrations of ellagic acid and iron give the nectar its dark black color, which can be recapitulated through synthetic solutions containing only ellagic acid and iron(iii). The nectar also contains a peroxidase that oxidizes gallic acid to form ellagic acid. In vitro reactions containing the nectar peroxidase, gallic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and iron(iii) fully recreate the black color of the nectar. Visual modeling indicates that the black color is highly conspicuous to avian pollinators within the context of the flower.

Melianthus nectar contains a natural analog of iron‐gall ink, which humans have used since at least medieval times. This pigment is derived from an ellagic acid‐Fe complex synthesized in the nectar and is likely involved in the attraction of passerine pollinators endemic to southern Africa.