bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alignment between Desires and Outcomes among Women Wanting to Avoid Pregnancy: A Global Comparative Study of “Conditional” Unintended Pregnancy Rates
Authors: Bearak Jonathan Marc , Alkema Leontine , Kantorová Vladimíra , Casterline John 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSince childbearing desires, and trends in these desires, differ across populations, the inclusion of women who want to become pregnant in the denominator for unintended pregnancy rates complicates interpretation of intercountry differences and trends over time. To address this limitation, we propose a rate that is the ratio of the number of unintended pregnancies to the number of women wanting to avoid pregnancy; we term these conditional rates. We computed conditional unintended pregnancy rates for five‐year periods from 1990 to 2019. In 2015–2019, these conditional rates per 1,000 women per year wanting to avoid pregnancy ranged from 35 in Western Europe to 258 in Middle Africa. Rates with all women of reproductive age in the denominator have concealed stark global disparities in the ability of women to avoid unintended pregnancies, and they have understated progress in regions where the fraction of women wanting to avoid pregnancy has increased.
Gender and attention to and framing of COVID‐19 in congressional tweets
Authors: Evans Heather K. , Clark Jennifer Hayes 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research demonstrates that congressional communication on Twitter is gendered. Congresswomen are more likely to tweet about issues than Congressmen during elections, and they are also more likely to tweet about “women's issues” (healthcare, education, reproductive rights, welfare) than their male counterparts.ObjectivesGiven the partisan and gendered coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic effects researchers have documented, we examine whether Congressmembers. communication about COVID‐19 is also gendered and partisan.MethodsTo examine how Senators and House Representatives were discussing the pandemic online, we collected the tweets sent by members of both the U.S. House and U.S. Senate from February 1st until May 14th, 2020.ResultsGender and partisanship shape how members communicate about COVID‐19 on Twitter, and this is especially pronounced in the framing of COVID‐19 in terms of “women's issues.”ConclusionWe find evidence that there is a gendered partisan divide in both the frequency and framing of the issue on Twitter. This divide is likely to continue to shape how the public thinks about the pandemic and how elites. respond to the pandemic.
Are Christian nationalists antisemitic and why?
Authors: Dennen Jacob , Djupe Paul A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundRecent work has demonstrated from a variety of angles that Christian nationalists have negative feelings toward racial minorities and negative attitudes toward policies that would extend equal rights and undermine their privileged position.ObjectivesThere has been limited research to demonstrate what seems an easy extension – do Christian nationalists have negative feelings toward religious minorities? We focus on views toward Jews, in part because conservative Christians have such positive views toward Israel.MethodsWe draw on survey data of 1,700 American adults from just before the 2020 election with observational measures as well as an experimental measure of antisemitism to assess a link to Christian nationalism and the likely mechanisms underpinning that relationship.ResultsChristian nationalists tend to believe in more antisemitic tropes, primarily because of their investment in the social dominance of Christians. However, their antisemitism is part of a broader set of negative views toward all minorities, which we find with experimental evidence. We also find a link between Christian nationalism and antisemitism that boosts belief in QAnon.ConclusionEven if Israel has come to play an important role in the apocalyptic thinking of conservative Christians, in the end Jews are not Christians and pose a threat to Christian supremacy just as any other outgroup would.
Transfusion camp: A retrospective study of self‐reported impact on postgraduate trainee transfusion practice
Authors: Yeung Katie C. Y. , Kapitany Casey , Chargé Sophie , Callum Jeannie , Cserti‐Gazdewich Christine , D'Empaire Pablo Perez , Khandelwal Aditi , Lieberman Lani , Lee Christie , Pavenski Katerina , Pendergrast Jacob , Shehata Nadine , Hsia Cyrus C. , Lavoie Marianne , Murphy Michael F. , Prokopchuk‐Gauk Oksana , Rahmani Mahboubeh , Trudeau Jacqueline , Zeller Michelle P. , Lin Yulia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe optimal method of postgraduate transfusion medicine (TM) education remains understudied. One novel approach is Transfusion Camp, a longitudinal 5‐day program that delivers TM education to Canadian and international trainees. The purpose of this study was to determine the self‐reported impact of Transfusion Camp on trainee clinical practice.Study Design and MethodsA retrospective analysis of anonymous survey evaluations from Transfusion Camp trainees over three academic years (2018–2021) was conducted. Trainees were asked, “Have you applied any of your learning from Transfusion Camp into your clinical practice?”. Through an iterative process, responses were categorized into topics according to program learning objectives. The primary outcome was the rate of self‐reported impact of Transfusion Camp on clinical practice. Secondary outcomes were to determine impact based on specialty and postgraduate year (PGY).ResultsSurvey response rate was 22%–32% over three academic years. Of 757 survey responses, 68% of respondents indicated that Transfusion Camp had an impact on their practice, increasing to 83% on day 5. The most frequent areas of impact included transfusion indications (45%) and transfusion risk management (27%). Impact increased as PGY increased with 75% of PGY‐4+ trainees reporting impact. In multivariable analysis, the impact of specialty and PGY varied depending on the objective.DiscussionThe majority of trainees report applying learnings from Transfusion Camp to their clinical practice with variations based on PGY and specialty. These findings support Transfusion Camp as an effective means of TM education and help identify high‐yield areas and gaps for future curriculum planning.
Could the dawn of Level 4 robotic weeders facilitate a revolution in ecological weed management?
Authors: Merfield Charles N. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEcological weed management (EWM) considers that not all non‐crop plants cause harm, and that non‐harmful species ‘aliae plantae’ should be retained to provide multiple positive benefits. Only plants causing ‘significant harm’ are defined as weeds and should be controlled. However, this is difficult to achieve with current herbicide and mechanical weeding technologies. Robotic weeders may be able to facilitate EWM. Four Levels of robotic weeders are defined: Level 1 are row followers; Level 2 identify individual crop plants and weed around them; Level 3 individually identify all plants and individually kill all non‐crop plants; Level 4 weeders individually distinguish crop plants, aliae plantae, and weeds and only kill the weeds, thus facilitating EWM. Currently only Levels 1–3 robotic weeders exist. The aim of proposing Level 4 robotic weeders is to highlight, particularly to roboticists, that the end goal of robotic weeding should not be crop monocultures, but biodiverse fields through EWM. It is envisaged that Level 4 robotic weeders would not just operate in vegetable crops, which are the current focus of Level 3 weeders, but in all crops, such as fruit trees, where they could, for example, control weeds in living mulches. It is therefore considered essential that weed scientists and roboticists collaborate to ensure that robotic weeders achieve EWM, not monocultures. If this vision can be realised, it could usher in a revolution in weed management.
An integrative review of factors and interventions affecting the well‐being and safety of nurses during a global pandemic
Authors: Boone Lesa D. , Rodgers Melanie M. , Baur April , Vitek Elaine , Epstein Crystal 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundNurses experienced physical and mental exhaustion during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Understanding the impact of the pandemic on nurses and effective strategies to support them is critical for increasing nurse resilience and reducing burnout.AimsThe aims of this study were (1) to synthesize the literature examining how factors associated with the COVID‐19 pandemic affected the well‐being and safety of nurses (2) and to review interventions which may promote nurse mental health during crises.MethodsUsing an integrative review approach, a comprehensive search of the literature was conducted in March 2022 using the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Cochrane. We included quantitative, qualitative, and mixed‐method primary research articles published in English in peer‐reviewed journals from March 2020 through February 2021. Included articles focused on nurses caring for COVID‐19 patients and addressed psychological factors, supportive hospital leadership strategies, or interventions to support well‐being. Studies were excluded if they focused on professions outside of nursing. Included articles were summarized and appraised for quality. Findings were synthesized using content analysis.ResultsOf the 130 articles initially identified, 17 were included. Articles were quantitative (n = 11), qualitative (n = 5), and mixed methods (n = 1). Three themes were identified: (1) loss of life, hope, and professional identity; (2) lack of visible and supportive leadership; and (3) insufficient planning and response. These experiences contributed to increased symptoms of anxiety, stress, depression, and moral distress in nurses.
Fast and sensitive GCaMP calcium indicators for neuronal imaging
Authors: Zhang Yan , Looger Loren L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe review the principles of development and deployment of genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) for the detection of neural activity. Our focus is on the popular GCaMP family of green GECIs, culminating in the recent release of the jGCaMP8 sensors, with dramatically improved kinetics relative to previous generations. We summarize the properties of GECIs in multiple colour channels (blue, cyan, green, yellow, red, far‐red) and highlight areas for further improvement. With their low‐millisecond rise‐times, the jGCaMP8 indicators allow new classes of experiments following neural activity in time frames approaching the underlying computations.
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Factors Associated With Changes in Objectively Measured Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity in Patients After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Funaki Kuya , Adachi Takuji , Kameshima Masataka , Fujiyama Hiroaki , Iritani Naoki , Tanaka Chikako , Sakui Daisuke , Hara Yasutaka , Sugiura Hideshi , Yamada Sumio 
Published: February 2023

Background: This study aimed to clarify factors affecting changes in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in patients 1 to 3 months after undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: In this prospective cohort study, we enrolled patients aged <75 years who underwent PCI. MVPA was objectively measured using an accelerometer at 1 and 3 months after hospital discharge. Factors associated with increased MVPA (≥150 min/wk at 3 mo) were analyzed in participants with MVPA < 150 minutes per week at 1 month. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to explore variables potentially associated with increasing MVPA, using MVPA ≥ 150 minutes per week at 3 months as the dependent variable. Factors associated with decreased MVPA (<150 min/wk at 3 mo) were also analyzed in participants with MVPA ≥ 150 minutes per week at 1 month. Logistic regression analysis was performed to explore factors of declining MVPA, using MVPA < 150 minutes per week at 3 months as the dependent variable. Results: We analyzed 577 patients (median age 64 y, 13.5% female, and 20.6% acute coronary syndrome). Increased MVPA was significantly associated with participation in outpatient cardiac rehabilitation (odds ratio 3.67; 95% confidence interval, 1.22–11.0), left main trunk stenosis (13.0; 2.49–68.2), diabetes mellitus (0.42; 0.22–0.81), and hemoglobin (1.47, per 1 SD; 1.09–1.97). Decreased MVPA was significantly associated with depression (0.31; 0.14–0.74) and Self-Efficacy for Walking (0.92, per 1 point; 0.86–0.98). Conclusions: Identifying patient factors associated with changes in MVPA may provide insight into behavioral changes and help with individualized PA promotion.
Concordant and opposing effects of climate and land-use change on avian assemblages in California’s most transformed landscapes
Authors: Beissinger Steven R. , MacLean Sarah A. , Iknayan Kelly J. , de Valpine Perry 
Published: February 2023

Climate and land-use change could exhibit concordant effects that favor or disfavor the same species, which would amplify their impacts, or species may respond to each threat in a divergent manner, causing opposing effects that moderate their impacts in isolation. We used early 20th century surveys of birds conducted by Joseph Grinnell paired with modern resurveys and land-use change reconstructed from historic maps to examine avian change in Los Angeles and California’s Central Valley (and their surrounding foothills). Occupancy and species richness declined greatly in Los Angeles from urbanization, strong warming (+1.8°C), and drying (−77.2 millimeters) but remained stable in the Central Valley, despite large-scale agricultural development, average warming (+0.9°C), and increased precipitation (+11.2 millimeters). While climate was the main driver of species distributions a century ago, the combined impacts of land-use and climate change drove temporal changes in occupancy, with similar numbers of species experiencing concordant and opposing effects.
Obesity promotes breast epithelium DNA damage in women carrying a germline mutation in
BRCA1 or BRCA2
Authors: Bhardwaj Priya , Iyengar Neil M. , Zahid Heba , Carter Katharine M. , Byun Dong Jun , Choi Man Ho , Sun Qi , Savenkov Oleksandr , Louka Charalambia , Liu Catherine , Piloco Phoebe , Acosta Monica , Bareja Rohan , Elemento Olivier , Foronda Miguel , Dow Lukas E. , Oshchepkova Sofya , Giri Dilip D. , Pollak Michael , Zhou Xi Kathy , Hopkins Benjamin D. , Laughney Ashley M. , Frey Melissa K. , Ellenson Lora Hedrick , Morrow Monica , Spector Jason A. , Cantley Lewis C. , Brown Kristy A. 
Published: February 2023

Obesity, defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30, is an established risk factor for breast cancer among women in the general population after menopause. Whether elevated BMI is a risk factor for women with a germline mutation in
BRCA1
or
BRCA2
is less clear because of inconsistent findings from epidemiological studies and a lack of mechanistic studies in this population. Here, we show that DNA damage in normal breast epithelia of women carrying a
BRCA
mutation is positively correlated with BMI and with biomarkers of metabolic dysfunction. In addition, RNA sequencing showed obesity-associated alterations to the breast adipose microenvironment of
BRCA
mutation carriers, including activation of estrogen biosynthesis, which affected neighboring breast epithelial cells. In breast tissue explants cultured from women carrying a
BRCA
mutation, we found that blockade of estrogen biosynthesis or estrogen receptor activity decreased DNA damage. Additional obesity-associated factors, including leptin and insulin, increased DNA damage in human
BRCA
heterozygous epithelial cells, and inhibiting the signaling of these factors with a leptin-neutralizing antibody or PI3K inhibitor, respectively, decreased DNA damage. Furthermore, we show that increased adiposity was associated with mammary gland DNA damage and increased penetrance of mammary tumors in
Brca1
+/−
mice. Overall, our results provide mechanistic evidence in support of a link between elevated BMI and breast cancer development in
BRCA
mutation carriers. This suggests that maintaining a lower body weight or pharmacologically targeting estrogen or metabolic dysfunction may reduce the risk of breast cancer in this population.
Terminology and diagnostic criteria used in studies investigating patients with subacromial pain syndrome from 1972 to 2019: a scoping review
Authors: Witten Adam , Mikkelsen Karen , Wagenblast Mayntzhusen Thomas , Clausen Mikkel Bek , Thorborg Kristian , Hölmich Per , Barfod Kristoffer Weisskirchner 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionThere is no recognised terminology, nor diagnostic criteria, for patients with subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS). This is likely to cause heterogeneity across patient populations. This could be a driver of misconceptions and misinterpretations of scientific results. We aimed to map the literature regarding terminology and diagnostic criteria used in studies investigating SAPS.Materials and methodsElectronic databases were searched from inception to June 2020. Original peer-reviewed studies investigating SAPS (also known as subacromial impingement or rotator cuff tendinopathy/impingement/syndrome) were eligible for inclusion. Studies containing secondary analyses, reviews, pilot studies and studies with less than 10 participants were excluded.Results11 056 records were identified. 902 were retrieved for full-text screening. 535 were included. 27 unique terms were identified. Mechanistic terms containing ‘impingement’ are used less than before, while SAPS is used increasingly. For diagnoses, combinations of Hawkin’s, Neer’s, Jobe’s, painful arc, injection test and isometric shoulder strength tests were the most often used, though this varied considerably across studies. 146 different test combinations were identified. 9% of the studies included patients with full-thickness supraspinatus tears and 46% did not.ConclusionThe terminology varied considerably across studies and time. The diagnostic criteria were often based on a cluster of physical examination tests. Imaging was primarily used to exclude other pathologies but was not used consistently. Patients with full-thickness supraspinatus tears were most often excluded. In summary, studies investigating SAPS are heterogeneous to an extent that makes it difficult, and often impossible, to compare studies.
Prevalence and characteristics of anti-Indigenous bias among Albertan physicians: a cross-sectional survey and framework analysis
Authors: Roach Pamela , Ruzycki Shannon M , Hernandez Santanna , Carbert Amanda , Holroyd-Leduc Jayna , Ahmed Sofia , Barnabe Cheryl 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveRecent deaths of Indigenous patients in the Canadian healthcare system have been attributed to structural and interpersonal racism. Experiences of interpersonal racism by Indigenous physicians and patients have been well characterised, but the source of this interpersonal bias has not been as well studied. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of explicit and implicit interpersonal anti-Indigenous biases among Albertan physicians.Design and settingThis cross-sectional survey measuring demographic information and explicit and implicit anti-Indigenous biases was distributed in September 2020 to all practising physicians in Alberta, Canada.Participants375 practising physicians with an active medical licence.OutcomesExplicit anti-Indigenous bias, measured by two feeling thermometer methods: participants slid an indicator on a thermometer to indicate their preference for white people (full preference is scored 100) or Indigenous people (full preference, 0), and then participants indicated how favourably they felt toward Indigenous people (100, maximally favourable; 0, maximally unfavourable). Implicit bias was measured using an Indigenous-European implicit association test (negative scores suggest preference for European (white) faces). Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to compare bias across physician demographics, including intersectional identities of race and gender identity.Main resultsMost of the 375 participants were white cisgender women (40.3%; n=151). The median age of participants was 46–50 years. 8.3% of participants felt unfavourably toward Indigenous people (n=32 of 375) and 25.0% preferred white people to Indigenous people (n=32 of 128). Median scores did not differ by gender identity, race or intersectional identities. White cisgender men physicians had the greatest implicit preferences compared with other groups (−0.59 (IQR −0.86 to –0.25); n=53; p<0.001). Free-text responses discussed ‘reverse racism’ and expressed discomfort with survey questions addressing bias and racism.ConclusionsExplicit anti-Indigenous bias was present among Albertan physicians. Concerns about ‘reverse racism’ targeting white people and discomfort discussing racism may act as barriers to addressing these biases. About two-thirds of respondents had implicit anti-Indigenous bias. These results corroborate the validity of patient reports of anti-Indigenous bias in healthcare and emphasise the need for effective intervention.
Primary open-angle glaucoma in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea in a Colombian population: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Cerquera Jaramillo Maria Alejandra , Moreno Mazo Sara Edith , Toquica Osorio Jeanneth Eloyne 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveDetermine the prevalence, functional and structural alterations of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA).DesignCross-sectional.SettingTertiary hospital associated with specialised center in ophthalmologic images in Bogota, Colombia.Participants150 patients, for a sample of 300 eyes, 64 women (42.7%) and 84 men (57.3%) between 40 and 91 years old with a mean age of 66.8 (±12.1) years.InterventionsVisual acuity, biomicroscopy, intraocular pressure, indirect gonioscopy and direct ophthalmoscopy. Patients classified as glaucoma suspects underwent automated perimetry (AP) and optical coherence tomography of the optic nerveOutcome measureThe primary outcomes are the determination of prevalence of glaucoma suspects and POAG in patients with OSA. Secondary outcomes are the description of functional and structural alterations in computerised exams of patients with OSA.ResultsThe prevalence of glaucoma suspect was 12.6%, and for POAG was 17.3%. No alterations in the appearance of the optic nerve was seen in 74.6%, focal or diffuse thinning of the neuroretinal rim (16.6%) was the most frequently finding, followed by asymmetry of the disc>0.2 mm (8.6%) (p=0.005). In the AP, 41% showed arcuate, nasal step and paracentral focal defects. The mean retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) was normal (>80 µM) in 74% of the mild OSA group, 93.8% of the moderate group and 17.1% of the severe group. Similarly, normal (P5-90) ganglion cell complex (GCC) in 60%, 68% and 75%, respectively. Abnormal results in the mean RNFL was seen in 25.9%, 6.3% and 23.4% of the mild, moderate and severe groups, respectively. In the GCC, 39.7%, 33.3% and 25% of the patients in the aforementioned groups.ConclusionIt was possible to determine the relationship between structural changes in the optic nerve and the severity of OSA. No relationship with any of the other studied variables was identified.