bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guidelines for parenteral nutrition in preterm infants: The American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
Authors: Robinson Daniel T. , Calkins Kara L. , Chen Yimin , Cober M. Petrea , Falciglia Gustave H. , Church David D. , Mey Jacob , McKeever Liam , Sentongo Timothy 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundParenteral nutrition (PN) is prescribed for preterm infants until nutrition needs are met via the enteral route, but unanswered questions remain regarding PN best practices in this population.MethodsAn interdisciplinary committee was assembled to answer 12 questions concerning the provision of PN to preterm infants. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) process was used. Questions addressed parenteral macronutrient doses, lipid injectable emulsion (ILE) composition, and clinically relevant outcomes, including PNALD, early childhood growth, and neurodevelopment. Preterm infants with congenital gastrointestinal disorders or infants already diagnosed with necrotizing enterocolitis or PN‐associated liver disease (PNALD) at study entry were excluded.ResultsThe committee reviewed 2460 citations published between 2001 and 2023 and evaluated 57 clinical trials. For most questions, quality of evidence was very low. Most analyses yielded no significant differences between comparison groups. A multicomponent oil ILE was associated with a reduction in stage 3 or higher retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) compared to an ILE containing 100% soybean oil. For all other questions, expert opinion was provided.ConclusionMost clinical outcomes were not significantly different between comparison groups when evaluating timing of PN initiation, amino acid dose, and ILE composition. Future clinical trials should standardize outcome definitions to permit statistical conflation of data, thereby permitting more evidence based recommendations in future guidelines. This guideline has been approved by the ASPEN 2022‐2023 Board of Directors.
Rare events meta‐analysis using the Bayesian beta‐binomial model
Authors: Jansen Katrin , Holling Heinz 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn meta‐analyses of rare events, it can be challenging to obtain a reliable estimate of the pooled effect, in particular when the meta‐analysis is based on a small number of studies. Recent simulation studies have shown that the beta‐binomial model is a promising candidate in this situation, but have thus far only investigated its performance in a frequentist framework. In this study, we aim to make the beta‐binomial model for meta‐analysis of rare events amenable to Bayesian inference by proposing prior distributions for the effect parameter and investigating the models' robustness to different specifications of priors for the scale parameter. To evaluate the performance of Bayesian beta‐binomial models with different priors, we conducted a simulation study with two different data generating models in which we varied the size of the pooled effect, the degree of heterogeneity, the baseline probability, and the sample size. Our results show that while some caution must be exercised when using the Bayesian beta‐binomial in meta‐analyses with extremely sparse data, the use of a weakly informative prior for the effect parameter is beneficial in terms of mean bias, mean squared error, and coverage. For the scale parameter, half‐normal and exponential distributions are identified as candidate priors in meta‐analysis of rare events using the Bayesian beta‐binomial model.
Extraction of the bare rock rate in counties of typical karst areas based on unmanned aerial vehicle images and satellite data, China
Authors: Wang Dongliang , Sui Xiangyu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRocky desertification is a land degradation process. The bare rock rate (BRR) is an important index. Satellite‐based methods for BRR estimation can generate BRR datasets, but the spatial resolution and accuracy are low. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) data can be used for BRR extraction with much higher resolution and higher accuracy, but the data are laborious and costly to collect. This study proposed a stepwise upscaling method employing the UAV‐extracted BRR as the ground truth to establish a multiband regression model and calibrated the BRR derived from 30‐m resolution LANDSAT 8 data, which was then used to calibrate 500‐m resolution moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. We compared the results with the satellite‐based BRR and the results of UAV‐MODIS upscaling methods. The results showed that (1) the UAV provides high‐resolution data, and exposed rocks can be efficiently extracted from UAV images. This method could replace ground surveys. (2) The accuracy of the stepwise upscaling method was higher than that of the nonstepwise upscaling method in large areas. R2 increased by 64.9%, and the root mean square error (RMSE) decreased by 82.9%. (3) Compared with that of the satellite‐based BRR, the accuracy of the multiband regression model‐extracted BRR was higher. R2 increased by 21.5%, and the RMSE decreased by 62.2%. This study demonstrated that the stepwise upscaling method and multiband regression can be combined to extract high‐precision and large‐scale BRR data, which can be used to serve ecological engineering monitoring and ecological governance.
Miniature mass spectrometers and their potential for clinical point‐of‐care analysis
Authors: Zhai Yanbing , Fu Xinyan , Xu Wei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMass spectrometry (MS) has become a powerful technique for clinical applications with high sensitivity and specificity. Different from conventional MS diagnosis in laboratory, point‐of‐care (POC) analyses in clinics require mass spectrometers and analytical procedures to be friendly for novice users and applicable for on‐site clinical diagnosis. The recent decades have seen the progress in the development of miniature mass spectrometers, providing a promising solution for clinical POC applications. In this review, we report recent advances of miniature mass spectrometers and their exploration in clinical applications, mainly including the rapid analysis of illegal drugs, on‐site monitoring of therapeutic drugs, and detection of biomarkers. With improved analytical performance, miniature mass spectrometers are also expected to apply to more and more clinical applications. Some promising POC analyses that can be performed by miniature mass spectrometers in the future are discussed. Lastly, we also provide our perspectives on the challenges in technical development of miniature mass spectrometers for clinical POC analysis.
The Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy‐Health Index: Development and evaluation of a disease‐specific outcome measure
Authors: Varma Anika , Weinstein Jennifer , Seabury Jamison , Rosero Spencer , Engebrecht Charlotte , Wagner Ellen , Zizzi Christine , Luebbe Elizabeth A. , Dilek Nuran , McDermott Michael P. , Kissel John , Sansone Valeria , Heatwole Chad 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroduction/AimsAs promising therapeutic interventions are tested among patients with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD), there is a clear need for valid and reliable outcome tools to track disease progression and therapeutic gain in clinical trials and for clinical monitoring. Our aim was to develop and validate the Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy‐Health Index (FSHD‐HI) as a multifaceted patient‐reported outcome measure (PRO) designed to measure disease burden in adults with FSHD.MethodsThrough initial interviews with 20 individuals and a national cross‐sectional study with 328 individuals with FSHD, we identified the most prevalent and impactful symptoms in FSHD. The most relevant symptoms were included in the FSHD‐HI. We used patient interviews, test–retest reliability evaluation, known groups validity testing, and factor analysis to evaluate and optimize the FSHD‐HI.ResultsThe FSHD‐HI contains 14 subscales that measure FSHD disease burden from the patient's perspective. Fourteen adults with FSHD participated in semistructured beta interviews and found the FSHD‐HI to be clear, usable, and relevant to them. Thirty‐two adults with FSHD participated in test–retest reliability assessments, which demonstrated the high reliability of the FSHD‐HI total score (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.924). The final FSHD‐HI and its subscales also demonstrated a high internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.988).DiscussionThe FSHD‐HI provides researchers and clinicians with a reliable and valid mechanism to measure multifaceted disease burden in patients with FSHD. The FSHD‐HI may facilitate quantification of therapeutic effectiveness, as demonstrated by its use as a secondary and exploratory measure in several clinical trials.
Evictions and psychiatric treatment
Authors: Bradford Ashley C. , Maclean Johanna Catherine 
Published: August 2023

AbstractStable housing is critical for health, employment, education, and other social outcomes. Evictions reflect a form of housing instability that is experienced by millions of Americans each year. Inadequately treated psychiatric disorders have the potential to influence evictions in several ways. For example, these disorders may impede labor market performance and thus the ability to pay rent, or increase the likelihood of risky and/or nuisance behaviors that can lead to a lease violation. We estimate the effect of local access to psychiatric treatment on eviction rates. We combine data on the number of psychiatric treatment centers that offer outpatient and residential care within a county with eviction rates in a two‐way fixed‐effects framework. Our findings imply that 10 additional psychiatric treatment centers in a county lead to a reduction of 2.1% in the eviction rate.
Impact dynamics and polarization mechanism of BaxSr1−xTiO3 particles reinforced polydimethylsiloxane composites
Authors: Chang Mengzhou , Liu Yihao , Li Ke , Che Mingyue , Guo Kai 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBaxSr1−xTiO3 (BST) ceramics have excellent performance of electromechanical conversion, however, the application of BST ceramics in the field of sensing is restricted by the brittle fracture, electromechanical failure, and collateral damage of BST under impact. In this article, unpolarized BST particles reinforced polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composites‐BST/PDMS with excellent mechanical properties, flexibility and flexoelectric coefficient have been prepared. Experimental study on the dynamic mechanical behavior and polarization characteristics of BST/PDMS composites under different impact velocity, element ratio and content of BST are carried out. Furthermore, the three‐phase model have been developed, based on that, impact deformation, stress behavior and polarization response have been investigated. The results show that, the duration of elastic deformation stage increases with increasing of BST content, but maximum stress decreases; time‐history curves of polarization voltage are approximately a “sine” function distribution, polarization voltages of Ba0.75Sr0.25TiO3/PDMS are higher than that of Ba0.25Sr0.75TiO3/PDMS; flexoelectric coefficient increases with increasing of BST content, and μzzzz is larger than that of μxxzz and μxzxz; addition of BST particle leads to greater strain gradient, and increases the polarization voltage of PDMS matrix; electric field at the interface increases due to the dielectric effect, which improves the ability of charge migration, voltage difference of 20% Ba0.75Sr0.25TiO3/80% PDMS caused by interfacial potential is smaller (about 9.3%) compared with 10% Ba0.75Sr0.25TiO3/90% PDMS. This work is significant for the development of flexible intelligent sensing materials.Highlights
The mechanical behavior and polarization characteristics of BST/PDMS are studied.
The polarization voltages of BST/PDMS (x = 0.75) are higher than BST/PDMS (x = 0.25).
The flexoelectric coefficient increases with increasing of BST content.
Evaluation of the performance of porous PBAT/modified zeolite composite materials for adsorption of Pb(II) ions from wastewater
Authors: Zhan Xiao , Sun Junzhuo , Zhang Daohai 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study is aiming to prepare the porous PBAT/modified zeolite composite by the simple, rapid, and efficient method of preparing them by the solution coating process with modified zeolite as adsorbent, as well as with PBAT as carrying agents and with ethanol as porogenic agent. Some influencing factors for adsorbing PBAT/modified zeolite composite membrane in Lead‐Ion‐Heavy Metal wastewater were researched in this paper, including the effects of zeolite content, modifier type, initial pH, pore‐making agent, adsorption time, adsorption temperature, initial concentration, and feeding quantity. In addition, the adsorption processes of the porous PBAT/modified zeolite composite membrane are studied by means of the adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm models. The finding shows the kinetic data were consistent with the pseudo‐second‐order model, and the data fitting of isothermal adsorption experiment is closer to the Langmuir adsorption model, which is a single‐molecule adsorption process and belongs to chemisorption, with a saturation adsorption amount of about 106.3 mg/g. Therefore, zeolite has great prospects for the removal of Pb(II) in wastewater, and provides a theoretical basis for the efficient treatment of heavy metal‐containing wastewater.Highlights
A composite film that can effectively remove Pb(II) from water was prepared.
The composite exhibits rational pore structure and high specific surface area.
This composite has advantages of biodegradability and reproducibility.
Preparation and performance of self‐healing nanocomposite coating with hydrophobic self‐cleaning ability
Authors: Liu Zhihao , Zhu Shanshan , Zhang Haiwei , Li Wenyao , Jiang Li , Zhou Xing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWith the rapid development of today's society, hydrophobic materials are widely used in many fields due to their excellent hydrophobicity. This article presents a nanocomposite coating with self‐cleaning and self‐healing properties. The nanoparticles (TiO2) were prepared by hydrothermal method, and the TiO2 was hydrophobically modified by adjusting the content of stearic acid (SA) and compounded with a synthetic self‐healing silicone‐containing polyurethane (SiPU). A self‐healing nanocomposite coating (SA‐TiO2/SiPU) with hydrophobic self‐cleaning capability was obtained by a simple brushing technique, with a water contact angle of up to 135.1° and good mechanical properties, reaching a maximum tensile strength of 3.11 MPa and a maximum elongation of 537%, and a repair efficiency of 89.39% after 12 h of fracture repair at room temperature. The self‐healing properties and stability of the coating can increase the service life of the coating, and the self‐cleaning properties can also effectively prevent contaminants from adhering to the surface; its excellent performance has the potential for a wide range of practical applications.Highlights
An environmentally self‐cleaning composite coating (SA‐TiO2/SiPU) was prepared in this study.
The preparation method of the hydrophobic composite coating is simple.
The micro‐nano structure of SA‐TiO2/SiPU is critical for its hydrophobicity.
The SA‐TiO2/SiPU coating with good self‐healing properties.
The SA‐TiO2/SiPU exhibited excellent durability and self‐cleaning properties.
Adverse drug reactions and hospital admissions: Large case‐control study of patients aged 65–100 years using linked English primary care and hospital data
Authors: van Staa Tjeerd Pieter , Pirmohamed Munir , Sharma Anita , Ashcroft Darren M. , Buchan Iain 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundAdverse drug reactions (ADRs) are common and a leading cause of injury. However, information on ADR risks of individual medicines is often limited. The aim of this hypothesis‐generating study was to assess the relative importance of ADR‐related and emergency hospital admission for large group of medication classes.MethodsThis study was a propensity‐matched case‐control study in English primary care. Data sources were Clinical Practice Research Databank and Aurum with longitudinal, anonymized, patient level electronic health records (EHRs) from English general practices linked to hospital records. Cases aged 65–100 with ADR‐related or emergency hospital admission were matched to up to six controls by age, sex, morbidity and propensity scores for hospital admission risk. Medication groups with systemic administration as listed in the British National Formulary (used by prescribers for medication advice). Prescribing in the 84 days before the index date was assessed. Only medication groups with 50+ cases exposed were analysed. The outcomes of interest were ADR‐related and emergency hospital admissions. Conditional logistic regression estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsThe overall population included 121 546 cases with an ADR‐related and 849 769 cases with emergency hospital admission. The percentage of hospitalizations with an ADR‐related code for admission diagnosis was 1.83% and 6.58% with an ADR‐related code at any time during hospitalization. A total of 137 medication groups was included in the main ADR analyses. Of these, 13 (9.5%) had statistically non‐significant adjusted ORs, 58 (42.3%) statistically significant ORs between 1.0 and 1.5, 37 (27.0%) between 1.5–2.0, 18 (13.1%) between 2.0–3.0 and 11 (8.0%) 3.0 or higher. Several classes of antibiotics (including penicillins) were among medicines with largest ORs. Evaluating the 14 medications most often associated with ADRs, a strong association was found between the number of these medicines and the risk of ADR‐related hospital admission (adjusted OR of 7.53 (95% CI 7.15–7.93) for those exposed to 6+ of these medicines).Conclusions and RelevanceThere is a need for a regular systematic assessment of the harm‐benefit ratio of medicines, harvesting the information in large healthcare databases and combining it with causality assessment of individual case histories.
One‐step Fabrication of Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Dots‐Based Fluorescent Sensors with Red Emission for Efficient Detection of pH
Authors: Hou Haoting , Wu Miao , Wang Mao , Miao Xirui , Li Haichao , Chen Yang , Yang Xudong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCarbon dots have been widely noticed due to their excellent optical properties, such as good photostability and a wide excitation wavelength range. However, the emission peaks of most known carbon dots (CDs) are in the blue region, which hinders their extensive applications in long‐wavelength emission. In this study, red‐emitting carbon dots (RCDs) that are pH‐responsive are synthesized using citric acid and urea as precursors, and their fluorescence intensity increased gradually with increasing solution pH from 1 to 12. A new mechanism based on H aggregation and Fermi energy level transfer is proposed to explain the pH‐responsive emission of RCDs. In contrast to the narrow response range of most pH‐sensitive CDs reported so far, the pH‐responsive range of RCDs is large, especially in the alkaline range, and their pronounced red light emission is well visualized. The prepared carbon dots have the advantages of non‐toxicity, low cost, and a wide pH response range. In addition, “rose” test paper and carbon dot PVA composite film, RCDs‐PVA film, are made to demonstrate the visualization of carbon dots in pH detection. The “rose” test paper and carbon dot PVA still have good fluorescence intensity. The prepared carbon dots have good application prospects for pH detection.
Composite g‐C3N4@ZnO NP electrostatic self‐assembly: enhanced ROS as a key factor for high‐efficiency control of tobacco wildfire disease
Authors: Cai Lin , Huang Xunliang , Feng Hui , Fan Guangjin , Sun Xianchao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe utilization of non‐metallic inorganic nanomaterials for antimicrobial photocatalytic technology has emerged as a promising approach to combat drug‐resistant bacteria. Recently, g‐C3N4 nanosheets have attracted significant attention due to their exceptional stability, degradability, low cost, and remarkable antibacterial properties. In this study, a facile electrostatic self‐assembly approach was utilized to functionalize ZnO nanoparticles with g‐C3N4 nanosheets, resulting in the formation of g‐C3N4@ZnO nanoparticle composites.RESULTSThe Z‐shaped heterojunction architecture of these composites facilitates efficient separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs and enhances visible light catalytic performance. Moreover, the formation of the g‐C3N4@ZnO heterostructure showed a higher photocatalytic capacity and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) than g‐C3N4 nanosheets. The photocatalytic antibacterial mechanisms of g‐C3N4@ZnO at the transcriptomic level primarily involve disrupting bacterial membrane synthesis and inhibiting motility and energy metabolism. Therefore, the antibacterial mechanism of g‐C3N4@ZnO can be attributed to a combination of physical membrane damage, chemical damage (ROS enhancement) and inhibition of chemotaxis, biofilm formation and flagellar motility.CONCLUSIONThese findings collectively provide novel high potential and insights into the practical application of photocatalysts in plant disease management. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
A quantum chemical prediction on arc interruption capability of dielectric gases
Authors: Zhang Mi , Hou Hua , Wang Baoshan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe use of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) as an electrical insulator and arc‐quenching gas in high‐voltage equipment raises serious environmental concerns. The search of a replacement gas for SF6 is hindered by a priori assessment on its interruption performance. The routine fluid or mathematic magneto‐hydrodynamic models for arc burning and extinguishing are too complex to be practical for virtual screening. Herein a state‐of‐the‐art quantum chemical model to predict the interruption capability of the dielectric gases straightforwardly has been established in terms of the rate of rise of the recovery voltage (RRRV). On the basis of the molecular electrostatic potentials, five sets of descriptors, including the global statistical parameters and , the site‐specific parameter ΔVs, the total positive surface area As+, augmented with the product of polarizability and dipole moment αμ, were optimized to reveal the inherent mechanisms for interruption and thus a viable structure–activity relationship mode for RRRV has been developed with the correlation coefficient 0.975. Theoretical RRRV relative to SF6 = 100 for all the known dielectric gases are in good agreement with the experimental data by a mean absolute deviation of 3.6. Accordingly, the perfluorinated cycloalkenes and alkynes, in particular, 1,3,3,3‐tetrafluoropropyne, are found to be the promising candidates as the replacement dielectric gases for SF6.
Distributed online multi‐task sparse identification for multiple systems with asynchronous updates
Authors: Zhang Kang , Luan Xiaoli , Ding Feng , Liu Fei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSimultaneous online identification of the structure and parameters for multiple systems can use the multi‐task learning to share parameter sparse patterns across different identification tasks to improve the estimation accuracy. To reduce the communication and computational burden, improve the convergence rate and increase the reliability of the identification task, a distributed asynchronous multi‐task sparse identification algorithm is proposed. The alternating minimization algorithm is applied to design a distributed multi‐task loss function. Then by constructing the auxiliary matrix and transforming the sparse constraint on the parameter matrix to the constructed auxiliary matrix, the asynchronous parameter update and sparse model update can be realized. The algorithm uses a recursive form to complete online identification which is feasible to analyze. After proving the convergence of the identification algorithm, we present an example to support the theoretical analysis and show the advantages of the proposed algorithm.