bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current challenges and future directions for engineering extracellular vesicles for heart, lung, blood and sleep diseases
Authors: Li Guoping , Chen Tianji , Dahlman James , Eniola‐Adefeso Lola , Ghiran Ionita C. , Kurre Peter , Lam Wilbur A. , Lang Jennifer K. , Marbán Eduardo , Martín Pilar , Momma Stefan , Moos Malcolm , Nelson Deborah J. , Raffai Robert L. , Ren Xi , Sluijter Joost P. G. , Stott Shannon L. , Vunjak‐Novakovic Gordana , Walker Nykia D. , Wang Zhenjia , Witwer Kenneth W. , Yang Phillip C. , Lundberg Martha S. , Ochocinska Margaret J. , Wong Renee , Zhou Guofei , Chan Stephen Y. , Das Saumya , Sundd Prithu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) carry diverse bioactive components including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and metabolites that play versatile roles in intercellular and interorgan communication. The capability to modulate their stability, tissue‐specific targeting and cargo render EVs as promising nanotherapeutics for treating heart, lung, blood and sleep (HLBS) diseases. However, current limitations in large‐scale manufacturing of therapeutic‐grade EVs, and knowledge gaps in EV biogenesis and heterogeneity pose significant challenges in their clinical application as diagnostics or therapeutics for HLBS diseases. To address these challenges, a strategic workshop with multidisciplinary experts in EV biology and U.S. Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) officials was convened by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. The presentations and discussions were focused on summarizing the current state of science and technology for engineering therapeutic EVs for HLBS diseases, identifying critical knowledge gaps and regulatory challenges and suggesting potential solutions to promulgate translation of therapeutic EVs to the clinic. Benchmarks to meet the critical quality attributes set by the USFDA for other cell‐based therapeutics were discussed. Development of novel strategies and approaches for scaling‐up EV production and the quality control/quality analysis (QC/QA) of EV‐based therapeutics were recognized as the necessary milestones for future investigations.
Prevalence, association, and prognostic significance of polypharmacy and sarcopenia in patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Hanai Tatsunori , Nishimura Kayoko , Miwa Takao , Maeda Toshihide , Imai Kenji , Suetsugu Atsushi , Takai Koji , Shimizu Masahito 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and AimPolypharmacy and sarcopenia are increasing public health problems worldwide. However, data on the prevalence, association, and prognostic significance of polypharmacy and sarcopenia in patients with liver cirrhosis are limited.MethodsPolypharmacy and sarcopenia were assessed in 239 patients with liver cirrhosis. Polypharmacy was defined as the daily use of six or more medications, and sarcopenia was diagnosed based on muscle strength and mass evaluated on computed tomography. The association between polypharmacy and sarcopenia and their effects on mortality were analyzed using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsAmong the 239 patients, 52% were men, the median age was 68 years, and the number of medications used per patient was 6. Further, 53% and 29% patients had polypharmacy and sarcopenia, respectively. The number of medications used and the prevalence of sarcopenia increased with age. Patients with polypharmacy and sarcopenia had similar characteristics, such as older age, increased medication use, advanced liver disease, and decreased muscle strength and mass. After adjusting for confounders, polypharmacy was significantly associated with sarcopenia (odds ratio, 2.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07–4.17). During the median follow‐up of 2.2 years, 62 (26%) patients died. Polypharmacy (hazard ratio [HR], 1.83; 95% CI, 1.01–3.37) and sarcopenia (HR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.12–3.50) independently predicted mortality. The prognostic significance of polypharmacy was more prominent in older adults than in younger adults (HR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.01–5.67).ConclusionPolypharmacy and sarcopenia are interrelated and associated with poor prognosis in patients with cirrhosis. Further large, prospective, population‐based studies are required to validate these findings.
Subcutaneous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator noise following left ventricular assist device implantation
Authors: Khetarpal Banveet Kaur , Javaid Awad , Lee Justin Z. , Kusumoto Fred , Mulpuru Siva K. , Sorajja Dan , Cha Yong‐Mei , Srivathsan Komandoor 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence and impact of noise in a subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (S‐ICD) after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation is not well established.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of patients implanted with LVAD and with a pre‐existing S‐ICD between January 2005 and December 2020 at the three Mayo Clinic centers (Minnesota, Arizona, and Florida).ResultsOf the 908 LVAD patients, a pre‐existing S‐ICD was present in 9 patients (mean age 49.1 ± 13.7 years, 66.7% males), 100% with Boston Scientific third‐generation EMBLEM MRI S‐ICD, 11% with HeartMate II (HM II), 44% with HeartMate 3 (HM 3), and 44% with HeartWare (HW) LVAD. The incidence of noise from LVAD‐related electromagnetic interference (EMI) was 33% and was only seen with HM 3 LVAD. Multiple measures attempted to resolve noise, including using alternative S‐ICD sensing vector, adjusting S‐ICD time zone, and increasing LVAD pump speed, were unsuccessful, necessitating S‐ICD device therapies to be turned off permanently.ConclusionsThe incidence of LVAD‐related S‐ICD noise is high in patients with concomitant LVAD and S‐ICD with significant impact on device function. As conservative management failed to resolve the EMI, the S‐ICDs had to be programmed off to avoid inappropriate shocks. This study highlights the importance of awareness of LVAD‐SICD device interference and the need to improve S‐ICD detection algorithms to eliminate noise.
Creation of Thermal Response Ordered Mesostructure Polymer Particles Using Diblock Copolymers via 3D Confined Self‐Assembly
Authors: Tong Liang , Nabae Yuta , Hirai Tomoyasu , Yabu Hiroshi , Hayakawa Teruaki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAdvancements in nanotechnology and materials science have led to an increased demand for specific material functions, preparation, and design of polymer particles with ordered internal and surface mesostructures. In this work, well‐shaped spheres of poly(2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl methacrylate)‐b‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine) with four different molecular weights are prepared by 3D confined self‐assembly. After thermal annealing, these spheres exhibit ordered internal and surface mesostructure. Analytical studies suggest that the internal mesoporous structure is formed by the microphase separation properties of the diblock copolymers, while the formation of ordered mesopores on the surface is caused by the decomposition of the PTFEMA domains under electron irradiation. Other microphase‐separated structures, such as cylindrical and lamellar ones, are observed using solution casting and non‐solution casting methods in the same diblock copolymer, indicating that the 3D confined environment induces the formation of internal ordered spherical microphase‐separated structures in the particles.
An analytical model for 2D consolidation of unsaturated soil with semi‐permeable boundaries considering self‐weight stress and time‐dependent loading
Authors: Liu Yang , Zheng Jun‐Jie , Lu Jia‐Tai 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes an analytical solution for 2D (two‐dimensional) consolidation of unsaturated soil with impeded drainage boundaries by considering the combined effects of self‐weight stress of soil and time‐dependent loading. The governing equation of the 2D consolidation model was first formulated, followed by an analytical solution employing the methods of the Laplace transform technique and separation of variables. The solution is then degraded to validate the correctness against two classical lab tests and existing solutions. Subsequently, the proposed solution is further verified against finite element calculations. The results indicate that the self‐weight stress of soil acts as an additional load applied to the unsaturated soil, the larger the self‐weight stress, the greater the value of initial EPPs (excess pore pressures). Meanwhile, it can be easily found that the larger the value of self‐weight stress, the larger the consolidation settlement. Without accounting for the effect of self‐weight stress, the settlement of the soil will certainly be underestimated and the dissipation characteristics of EPPs will not be accurately captured. It can be also found that the ratio of ka/kw also significantly influenced the consolidation behavior.
A theoretical adsorption study of the inner‐core and outer‐core hydrated alkali metal cation–circumcoronene complexes
Authors: Georgieva Ivelina , Tunega Daniel , Aquino Adelia J. A. , Lischka Hans 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCation‐π interactions are theoretically investigated for alkali metal cation (M+)‐circumcoronene (CC) complexes (M = Li, Na, K), in gas phase and in aqueous solution with consideration of micro‐ and global solvation models using the DFT/PBEh‐3c‐RI/TZVP method. The solvent effect on the M+–CC energy interaction regarding the cation size and the stability of inner‐ and outer‐sphere [M(H2O)n]+–CC complexes are calculated by means of geometry optimizations and potential energy (PE) curves. The PE curves, calculated as a function of perpendicular distance of M+ to the CC plane, predicted one energy minimum for each of the isolated M+–CC complexes. However, for microhydrated complexes, two minima assigned to two different surface complexations were obtained. Microhydrated Li+ and Na+ favored outer‐sphere complexation while inner‐sphere complexation was found more stable for microhydrated K+. These results illustrate nicely the key role, which the cation radius plays for the polarization of the water molecules and the aromatic system.
Attitudes and knowledge about HPV vaccination among Ghanaian women with cervical cancer
Authors: Zurales Katherine R. , Appiah‐Kubi Adu , Bell Sarah G. , Konney Thomas , Tawiah Augustine , Kobernik Emily K. , Lawrence Emma R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo explore knowledge about the human papillomavirus (HPV), HPV vaccination, barriers to vaccination and acceptance of the HPV vaccine in the highest‐risk and most‐impacted population in Ghana.MethodsA survey was administered to 100 women with histologically confirmed cervical cancer at a teaching hospital in Ghana.ResultsParticipants had a mean age of 59 (±14.3) years, 65.0% had a parity of five or higher and 89.0% had a monthly income less than 500 Ghana cedis ($63 USD). Seventy‐nine percent of participants had a diagnosis of stage III or greater cervical cancer. Only 8.0% had heard of HPV and 4.0% knew that HPV caused cervical cancer. Fifty‐five percent had not heard of vaccines, in general; of the remainder, the majority endorsed that vaccines, in general, were effective (89.0%) and safe (95.0%). No participants had received the HPV vaccine. After a brief education session, 94% believed the HPV vaccine was effective and 65.0% were categorised as having ‘high vaccine acceptance’ after responding ‘definitely yes’ to recommending the HPV vaccine to female relatives, male relatives and the community. There were no significant differences in demographic variables or cervical cancer disease characteristics between the ‘high vaccine acceptance’ and ‘some vaccine hesitancy’ groups.ConclusionAlthough women with cervical cancer in Ghana have low awareness of HPV and HPV vaccination, they demonstrate high vaccine acceptability and low hesitancy.
Kernel‐based regularization least squares algorithm for nonlinear time‐delayed systems using self‐organizing maps
Authors: Zhang Zili , Zhang Yanxin , Chen Jing , Guo Liuxiao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article proposes a kernel‐based regularization least squares algorithm for nonlinear time‐delayed systems with unknown structure. Since the structure and the time‐delay of the model are unknown, a model pool constituted of several Volterra series is constructed with the aim of approximating the nonlinear model which has different time‐delays. Then, a self‐organizing maps method and a kernel‐based regularization method are interactively used to update the time‐delay and parameters. Compared with the traditional algorithms, the proposed algorithm has no limitation on the nonlinear model, and can describe the dynamics of the nonlinear model with a simple structure. Finally, simulation examples are given to show the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Electrohydrodynamic Printing of Microfibrous Architectures with Cell‐Scale Spacing for Improved Cellular Migration and Neurite Outgrowth
Authors: Yao Cong , Qiu Zhennan , Li Xiao , Zhu Hui , Li Dichen , He Jiankang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractElectrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing provides unparalleled opportunities in fabricating microfibrous architectures to direct cellular orientation. However, it faces great challenges in depositing orderly microfibers with cell‐scale spacing due to inherent fiber–fiber electrostatic interactions. Here a finite element method is established to analyze the electrostatic forces induced on the EHD‐printed microfibers and the relationship between the fiber diameter and spacing for parallel deposition of EHD‐printed microfibers is revealed theoretically and experimentally. It is found that uniform fiber arrangement can be achieved when the fiber spacing is five times larger than the fiber diameter. This finding enables the successful printing of parallel fibrous architectures with a fiber diameter of 4.9 ± 0.1 µm and a cell‐scale fiber spacing of 25.6 ± 1.9 µm. The resultant microfibrous architectures exhibit unique capability to direct cellular alignment and enhance cellular density and migration as the fiber spacing decreases from 100 to 25 µm. The EHD‐printed parallel microfibers with cell‐scale spacing are found to improve the outgrowth length of neurites and accelerate the migration of Schwann cells from Dorsal Root Ganglion spheres, which facilitate the formation of densely‐arranged and highly‐aligned cellular constructs. The presented method is promising to produce biomimetic microfibrous architectures for functional nerve regeneration.
Water‐Stabilized Vanadyl Phosphate Monohydrate Ultrathin Nanosheets toward High Voltage Al‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zheng Jiening , Xu Tian , Xia Guanglin , Cui Wen‐Gang , Yang Yaxiong , Yu Xuebin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAl ion batteries (AIBs) are attracting considerable attention owing to high volumetric capacity, low cost, and high safety. However, the strong electrostatic interaction between Al3+ and host lattice leads to discontented cycling life and inferior rate capability. Herein, a new strategy of employing water molecules contained VOPO4·H2O to boost Al3+ migration via the charge shielding effect of water is reported. It is revealed that VOPO4·H2O with water lubrication effect and smaller steric hindrance owns high capacity and fast Al3+ diffusion, while the loss of unstable water upon cycling leads to a rapid performance degradation. To address this problem, ultrathin VOPO4·H2O@MXene nanosheets are fabricated via the formed TiOV bond between VOPO4·H2O and MXene. The MXene aided exfoliation results in enhanced VOwater bond strength between H2O and VOPO4 that endows the obtained composite with strong water holding ability, contributing to the extraordinary cycling stability. Consequently, the VOPO4·H2O@MXene delivers a high discharge potential of 1.8 V and maintains discharge capacities of 410 and 374.8 mAh g−1 after 420 and 2000 cycles at the current densities of 0.5 and 1.0 A g−1, respectively. This work provides a new understanding of water‐contained AIBs cathodes and vital guidance for developing high‐performance AIBs.
NIR‐II Perylene Monoimide‐Based Photothermal Agent with Strengthened Donor–Acceptor Conjugation for Deep Orthotopic Glioblastoma Phototheranostics
Authors: Guan Jun , Liu Chang , Ji Chendong , Zhang Wenchao , Fan Zongyang , He Penggang , Ouyang Qiuhong , Qin Meng , Yin Meizhen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractExtensive efforts have been devoted to the design of organic photothermal agents (PTAs) that absorb in the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) bio‐window, which can provide deeper tissue penetration that is significant for phototheranostics of lethal brain tumors. Herein, the first example of NIR‐II‐absorbing small organic molecule (N1) derived from perylene monoamide (PMI) and its bio‐application after nano‐encapsulation of N1 to function as a nano‐agent for phototheranostics of deep orthotopic glioblastoma (GBM) is reported. By adopting a dual modification strategy of introducing a donor‐acceptor unit and extending π‐conjugation, the obtained N1 can absorb in 1000–1400 nm region and exhibit high photothermal conversation due to the apparent intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). A choline analogue, 2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine, capable of interacting specifically with receptors on the surface of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB), is used to fabricate the amphiphilic copolymer for the nano‐encapsulation of N1. The obtained nanoparticles demonstrate efficient BBB‐crossing due to the receptor‐mediated transcytosis as well as the small nanoparticle size of approximately 26 nm. The prepared nanoparticles exhibit excellent photoacoustic imaging and significant growth inhibition of deep orthotopic GBM. The current study demonstrates the enormous potential of PMI‐based NIR‐II PTAs and provides an efficient phototheranostic paradigm for deep orthotopic GBM.
Bio‐inspired ionic skins for smart medicine
Authors: Lei Zhouyue , Xu Wentao , Zhang Guogao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIonic skins are developed to mimic the mechanical properties and functions of natural skins. They have demonstrated substantial advantages to serve as the crucial interface to bridge the gap between humans and machines. The first‐generation ionic skin is a stretchable capacitor comprising hydrogels as the ionic conductors and elastomers as the dielectrics, and realizes pressure and strain sensing through the measurement of the capacitance. Subsequent advances have been made to improve the mechanical properties of ionic skins and import diverse functions. For example, ultrahigh stretchability, strong interfacial adhesion, self‐healing, moisturizing ability, and various sensing capabilities have been achieved separately or simultaneously. Most ionic skins are attached to natural skins to monitor bio‐electrical signals continuously. Ionic skins have also been found with significant potential to serve as a smart drug‐containing reservoir, which can release drugs spatially, temporally, and in a controllable way. Herein, this review focuses on the design and fabrication of ionic skins, and their applications related to smart medicine. Moreover, challenges and opportunities are also discussed. It is hoped that the development of bio‐inspired ionic skins will provide a paradigm shift for self‐diagnosis and healthcare.
Microfluidic preparation of optical sensors for biomedical applications
Authors: Wang Qiao , Wang Chong , Yang Xinyuan , Wang Jiali , Zhang Zhuohao , Shang Luoran 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOptical biosensors are platforms that translate biological information into detectable optical signals, and have extensive applications in various fields due to their characteristics of high sensitivity, high specificity, dynamic sensing, etc. The development of optical sensing materials is an important part of optical sensors. In this review, we emphasize the role of microfluidic technology in the preparation of optical sensing materials and the application of the derived optical sensors in the biomedical field. We first present some common optical sensing mechanisms and the functional responsive materials involved. Then, we describe the preparation of these sensing materials by microfluidics. Afterward, we enumerate the biomedical applications of these optical materials as biosensors in disease diagnosis, drug evaluation, and organ‐on‐a‐chip. Finally, we discuss the challenges and prospects in this field.
Migration and Integration in Turbulent Times
Authors: Jakobson Mari-Liis , King Russell , Moroşanu Laura , Vetik Raivo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis opening chapter offers a novel perspective and terminology for exploring the complexities of migration, integration and migration governance in a context where various crises overlap and intersect. The chapter argues that the so-called migration crises are actually cascading crises, where crisis-induced migration morphs into a governance crisis and then into a political crisis, subsequently bringing about a crisis of integration. The different cascades and the co-occurrence of various overlapping crises creates a situation of turbulence, which presents a particular governance challenge and creates anxieties both among migrants and other members of societies.
Immigrants as the ‘Antagonists’? Populism, Negative Emotions and Anti-immigrant Attitudes in Ecuador
Authors: Umpierrez de Reguero Sebastián , González-Paredes Santiago , Ríos-Rivera Ingrid 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGiven the increasing migration inflows in Ecuador in recent years, both the ruling government and the opposition, as well as a part of the public opinion, have expressed concerns about the very presence of certain foreign residents, occasionally portraying them as the ‘antagonist’ by natives. Considering this context of rising anxiety for Ecuadorians over immigrants of certain nationalities, particularly Colombians, Cubans and Venezuelans, we focus in this chapter on emotions and the political psychology of the voter. This is to explore to what extent Ecuadorian voters’ emotional underpinning and anti-immigrant attitudes are associated with their populist and elitist attitudes. Using individual-level data and structural equation modelling to unpack the nexus between different negative emotions, attitudes and prospective electoral behaviour, our results report that populist attitudes significantly lead to higher immigrant attitudes and are also positively correlated to electorally supporting a populist radical left-wing candidate. Furthermore, having negative emotions – predominantly anger and distrust – towards some foreign residents increases the probability of depicting anti-immigrant attitudes and voting for populist choices.
LGBTQ+ Forced Migrants: Precarious Experiences of Arrival and Settlement in Wales
Authors: Vamvaka-Tatsi Ourania 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe refugee crisis has brought to the fore conversations on ‘asylum-seekers’ and ‘refugees’, terms that suggest a linear progression through the legal system and risk over-simplifying migration patterns. This chapter seeks to contribute to research on queer asylum policy by focusing on how LGBTQ+ forced migrants’ precarious and traumatic experiences of arrival and settlement in Wales raise questions around otherness, belonging, community, expression of sexual orientation and gender identities.
Tensor triangular geometry of filtered objects and sheaves
Authors: Aoki Ko 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe compute the Balmer spectra of compact objects of tensor triangulated categories whose objects are filtered or graded objects of (or sheaves valued in) another tensor triangulated category. Notable examples include the filtered derived category of a scheme as well as the homotopy category of filtered spectra. We use an$$\infty $$∞-categorical method to properly formulate and deal with the problem. Our computations are based on a point-free approach, so that distributive lattices and semilattices are used as key tools. In the Appendix, we prove that the$$\infty $$∞-topos of hypercomplete sheaves on an$$\infty $$∞-site is recovered from a basis, which may be of independent interest.