bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conclusion
Authors: Goodrich Peter 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The final chapter poses the question of remediation of law directly and addresses the inverse of retinal justice, the law’s refusal to look, the injustice of image blindness. Two examples, the case of the so called ‘naked rambler’ in the UK and a dissenting decision concerning voter restriction laws in the US are used to review and define the refusal to look closely, the monochromatic resistance to the real, to colour and difference, that the reality effect so often generates. Why did courts across the UK and into Europe routinely refuse to allow the Edenic argument of a nudist to be made in the only form authentic to his case, nakedly, in court, in camera if need be, temporarily if so desired, but seen? Habeas corpus requires its complement, that the body be seen. Similarly in the exclusion of minority voters, the dissenting African American judge posted pictures of voting rights martyrs in his judgement so as to make the court look, so as to put the faces of the dead on the record of the precedent, to open eyes.
Modernist Parody
Authors: Davison Sarah 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Parody often stands accused of producing derivative art deficient in taste and skill. But in the hands of writers such as Ezra Pound, Wyndham Lewis, T. S. Eliot, James Joyce, Ford Madox Ford, and Virginia Woolf, the mode engendered revolutionary self-reflexive, critical, and creative practices that were crucial to the development of truly modern art. This book contends that the jauntiness, verve, and daring of high modernism is fundamentally parodic. It argues that parody is central to the whole modernist project, even to supposedly earnest movements such as Imagism, and not just to the extreme avant-garde antics of Dada. As a literary technique, parody provided the means for modernists of many stripes to learn their craft, sharpen their historical sense, define themselves as post-Victorians, and respond to sources of inspiration while composing. It offered a ready method to laugh at folly, amuse friends, criticize opponents, spike enemies, and transgress conventions. Being double-coded, parody proved a powerful weapon in the culture wars, enabling modernists to present and simultaneously challenge prevailing ideologies in all their historically determined complexity. Its fundamentally dialogic and palimpsestual form exposed the limitations of naive mimesis, insisting that literature is always language in unstable play, while simultaneously foregrounding the relational structures that underwrote the modernists’ paradoxical claims to originality and modernity. As a principle of continual genesis—and a spur to the production of yet more forcefully experimental art—parody therefore became the modernists’ primary reflex as they negotiated their position in literary culture and made it new.
‘An Atmosphere of Parody’
Authors: Davison Sarah 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Chapter 3 explores how Pound’s journey of discovery with parody shaped the course of Imagism, focusing particularly on ‘Contemporania’ (1913) and Des Imagistes (1914). It examines his efforts to inaugurate an ‘atmosphere of parody’ so that the new school might flourish under the same conditions that had animated recent European avant-gardes. In doing so, it argues that Imagism was not nearly so earnest as its various pronouncements on the timeless qualities of good poetry might otherwise suggest. It concludes by investigating the parody that sustained the contradictions inherent in Blast (1914–15), the magazine of the first English avant-garde movement, Vorticism, which was itself widely parodied in little magazines and intellectual weeklies.
Parodists of History
Authors: Davison Sarah 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Chapter 7 concludes by reflecting on the ways in which modernist writers felt compelled to respond to the parody that had come to define high modernist writing, having reached its apotheosis in Ulysses in general and ‘Oxen of the Sun’ in particular. It examines works by Ford Madox Ford, Virginia Woolf, and Wyndham Lewis that reckon with the achievements of Joyce and other authors by presenting versions of their contemporary literary culture as culminating moments that are defined by their parodies of the past, and it explores how Joyce surpassed the parody of Ulysses in Finnegans Wake, showing how parody is not only fundamental to the genesis of modernist literature but also its sense of its historical situatedness and paradoxical modernity.
Interpretivism and Foundationalism
Authors: Slavny Adam 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter distinguishes between two methodologies: interpretivism and foundationalism. It argues that interpretivism faces serious limitations with respect to justifying the law. Foundationalism can make better normative progress as it can evaluate the full range of relevant views and arguments rather than just those that best explain the law. The chapter also defends the claim that moral corrective duties are crucial to the justification of the law. When a legal duty is imposed in the absence of an enforceable moral duty, defendants can complain that their moral freedoms are being curtailed and they are suffering an undue burden. When a legal duty is not imposed where there is an enforceable moral duty, would-be claimants can complain that they have no recourse for wrongs done to them and as a result their interests are de-prioritized relative to those of others. These complaints can be overridden, but they provide a powerful general case for the relevance of moral duties to the justification of the law.
Unpacking Corrective Duties
Authors: Slavny Adam 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter defends a distinction between negating and counterbalancing as fundamental to understanding different types of corrective action. It also distinguishes between the well-known continuity thesis and the responsiveness thesis. It defends the responsiveness thesis, which places less emphasis on trying to make it as if the wrong did not happen and more on responding appropriately to the failures of one’s moral agency. Throughout this discussion, the chapter introduces the first two limbs of a four-fold analysis of corrective duties. The responsiveness thesis shows how wrongdoing grounds corrective duties, and the distinction between negating and counterbalancing helps to defend the concept of conditional permissibility.
Capacity and Cost Sensitivity in Negligence
Authors: Slavny Adam 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter further develops the first limb of the four-fold analysis by examining the wrong of negligence. It argues that the moral wrong of negligence is both capacity and cost-sensitive, meaning that the level of care one owes to others depends on one’s capacity to exercise that care, and the cost and difficulty to one of doing so. Some principled arguments in favour of the objective standard of care (which can be restated as arguments against capacity and cost insensitivity) are considered and rejected, concluding that, if the law is justified in departing from a capacity and cost-sensitive approach, this is not for any deep reasons of principle but rather because of the difficulties of enforcing alternative standards in non-ideal conditions.
Outcome Responsibility
Authors: Slavny Adam 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter considers and rejects a number of arguments for outcome responsibility put forward in particular by Tony Honoré and John Gardner: The Fairness Argument, The Consistency Argument, The Argument from Duties to Succeed, and The Effacement Argument. It then defends an alternative version of outcome responsibility that connects the duty of repair to our prior duties to bear special costs to avoid harming others, grounded in the Doctrine of Doing and Allowing. On this view, we have some corrective responsibilities—though not necessarily the full burden of repair—even when we harm others through involuntary action.
‘Holding against the Tide’
Authors: Tyce Matthew 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the factors that have influenced the performance of the Central Bank of Kenya, Kenya Revenue Authority, and National Treasury since the 1990s, all of which were identified as potential examples of ‘pockets of effectiveness’ in the Kenyan context. The chapter finds that Kenya’s ‘dispersed’ political settlement (which moved from a ‘narrow’ to ‘broad’ social foundation during the chapter’s period of analysis) creates an environment that is generally not conducive to concerted, longer-term investments in state capacity, as ruling elites tend to be preoccupied with shorter-term efforts to keep themselves in power and lack sufficient enforcement powers to discipline or centralize rent-seeking. Although these political pressures have been felt by the three case-study organizations, other factors have meant that the degree of autonomy that these organizations have been able to maintain has varied significantly, both between the organizations and within the same organizations over time. These factors go beyond each organization’s formal autonomy to include the nature and embeddedness of its leadership. Transnational factors have also been important, notably the extent to which these organizations have been subject to the disciplinary logics of global neoliberalism. Finally, ideational factors have helped to buttress the autonomy of these organizations, at least during particular periods, as policy coalitions composed of politicians and technocrats (drawing on, but not beholden to, donor support) have occasionally come together around shared developmental ideas to try and protect these organizations—and the economic technocracy generally—from the more corrosive pressures generated by Kenya’s political settlement.
The Politics of State Capacity in Post-genocide Rwanda
Authors: Chemouni Benjamin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The chapter analyses pockets of effectiveness (PoEs)—public organizations that function better than the rest of the state—in Rwanda and their contribution to state-building. It does so by exploring three cases of high-performing public-sector agencies, namely the Ministry of Finance, the Rwandan Revenue Authority, and the Central Bank. The chapter shows that the Rwandan case does not seem to follow the patterns of other African countries, whereby a few effective public organizations exist in an otherwise relatively dysfunctional governance context. It argues that the nature of the political settlement and elite vulnerability have led to a top-down and relatively systematic project of state-building. Anchored in the experience of the genocide, ruling elites from a minority group perceive that building an effective state geared towards delivering development in a largely impartial manner is the best response to their vulnerability. Moreover, the political dominance that the ruling coalition has achieved means that it has the capacity to enforce this project. From this perspective, PoEs are best understood as emerging through a project of state-building prioritization, with organizations supported to deliver their mandate effectively because of their political salience in the ruling coalition’s wider state-building project. Other factors identified in the PoE literature also emerge as important here, including the nature of the task being performed and the role of organizational leadership, although the choice of leaders and the support offered to them are themselves a direct outcome of the governing coalition’s political priorities.
The Politics of PoEs in Uganda
Authors: Hickey Sam , Bukenya Badru , Matsiko Haggai 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Uganda’s impressive level of economic performance over much of the past three decades has often been linked to the performance of certain ‘pockets of effectiveness’ (PoEs), including the Ministry of Finance, the Bank of Uganda, and, more unevenly, the Uganda Revenue Authority. The extension of presidential protection to these (and a few other) PoEs has been central to their success, as have been high levels of international support and the appointment of ‘technopols’ to lead these organizations for prolonged periods. These technopols have proven capable of managing both the political and technical aspects of their briefs, with some playing a more prominent role in Uganda’s governance and public life than elected ministers. However, the performance of these organizations has varied considerably over time, with all coming under considerable pressure following the increased dispersal of power from the early 2000s onwards within Uganda’s erstwhile ‘broad-concentrated’ political settlement. This chapter explores how the interplay of political settlement dynamics and organizational leadership shapes public-sector performance in Uganda, and how Uganda’s PoEs have increasingly become entwined with the politics of regime survival, rather than any wider state-building project. This process has been closely shaped by international ideas and pressures, with key PoEs used by President Museveni to signal Uganda’s legitimacy within the neoliberal economic order from the early 1990s. This neoliberalized process of state-building has had a profound impact on Uganda’s development trajectory and left Uganda without the capabilities required to pursue alternative developmental agendas.
Disaster Insurance Reimagined
Authors: Jarzabkowski Paula , Chalkias Konstantinos , Cacciatori Eugenia , Bednarek Rebecca 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This book is about the critical yet little-known work of “Protection Gap Entities” (PGEs), in disaster protection. Disasters, such as floods, earthquakes, and terrorist attacks, are becoming more frequent and more intense. These disasters threaten not only life, but also livelihood, causing the loss of homes and jobs that can scar the lives of those affected. Disaster insurance, by providing funds for reconstruction, plays an essential role in limiting these consequences of disaster. Yet disaster insurance is under threat in many contexts, becoming unaffordable or being withdrawn entirely. In response, many countries have established PGEs, organizations and schemes to keep disaster insurance available. PGEs rebalance the tensions (paradoxes) at the heart of insurance about who controls the insurance market, how much is known about the risk, and who should pay for protection. Using evocative examples from our research into 17 PGEs across 49 countries over five years, we explain how PGEs establish, maintain, and expand disaster insurance, and their role in the wider landscape of disaster resilience. We conclude by reimagining disaster insurance as a key tool in an ecosystem that has societal protection from disaster at its heart. Our book is accessible for those who have never heard of PGEs or thought about disaster insurance. We explain why PGEs are vital in adapting to an increasingly disaster-prone world. Our paradox lens on the tensions PGEs face will also provide an alternative, thought-provoking view for risk professionals working with the challenges of insuring disasters.
Shouldering the burden
Authors: Jarzabkowski Paula , Chalkias Konstantinos , Cacciatori Eugenia , Bednarek Rebecca 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Protection Gap Entities (PGEs) do not choose how to tackle uninsurability. Their remits are the product of often-tense negotiations about who should control the insurance market—the insurance industry or the government (control paradox)—and whether individuals or society are responsible for disaster protection (responsibility paradox). These differences arise from different sociopolitical contexts and economic conditions. However, they also arise from the specific problem being addressed, such as the sudden withdrawal of insurance after terrorist attack, or the increase in premiums that make insurance unaffordable after repeated floods. There is, thus, no “one best way” to decide whether the insurance market should be primarily controlled by the government or the industry and whether individuals or society should be primarily responsible to pay for protection. We show three different ways of balancing the control and responsibility paradoxes, each of which has different pros and cons for solving the problem of uninsurability.
Problem solved?
Authors: Jarzabkowski Paula , Chalkias Konstantinos , Cacciatori Eugenia , Bednarek Rebecca 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The disaster landscape is not static. Protection Gap Entities (PGEs) must evolve as new risks emerge, risk increases, or knowledge about risk changes. Yet their remits are often constrained to past disasters. PGEs thus typically struggle to evolve until a disaster exposes a lack of protection. Evolution requires PGEs to navigate a complex control system of accountability to insurance industry and government stakeholders. They must also be sensitive to wider stakeholders, who can be unaware of PGEs until after a disaster, when their expectations for protection become urgent. We show that PGEs evolve in either contested or collaborative patterns according to whether their remit is oriented towards industry or government control over the market,. We illustrate these differences through a contested case pattern in the UK and a collaborative pattern in the Caribbean. Evolution is never smooth for PGEs. But it is vital to keep pace with changes in disaster.
Reimagining disaster insurance
Authors: Jarzabkowski Paula , Chalkias Konstantinos , Cacciatori Eugenia , Bednarek Rebecca 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
How relevant is the global insurance industry in a world of more frequent and severe disasters? Insurance underpins complex modern economies. For example, mortgages and home ownership depend on viable disaster insurance. We need insurance to work. Yet, as disasters increase, disaster insurance is facing potential obsolescence. This chapter proposes a way to avoid sleepwalking into a future where viable disaster insurance can no longer be taken-for-granted. Our proposal involves an expanded role for Protection Gap Entities (PGEs), moving beyond ad hoc solutions to local protection gaps, to integration within the global system of disaster insurance. This expanded role includes deep links between financial and physical resilience, increased collaboration between the government and the private sector, and shared responsibility for protection between individuals and society. Our vision is an ecosystem that has societal protection from disaster at its heart, with insurance, reimagined, as an effective servant in that ecosystem.
Describing Weakness of Will
Authors: Heinzelmann Nora 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCombining the philosophical and the scientific perspective, this chapter suggests a new way of describing weak-willed delay discounting. On this view, weak-willed action is, roughly, due to how the agent responds to the uncertainty about whether or when an anticipated good materializes. At least three reasons weigh in favour of this view: intuitively, the temporal delay of a future benefit, such as better health thanks to dieting, always involves a risk of not obtaining this benefit. In a similar vein, many authors have pointed out similarities of probability and delay discounting. Probability discounting is the reduction of value due to probability. Lastly, there is an empirical connection between probability and delay discounting. For example, risk-seeking individuals are more patient, and vice versa.
A Format for Every Use
Authors: Jettot Stéphane 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In the field of the history of books, the first chapter is dedicated to a raw typology based on three main formats: pocket-size, octavo, and quarto-to-folio. Through this clear-cut categorization, we contend that the different formats did correspond to different social needs: some compilations could be read in passing, such as pocketbooks for aspiring gentlemen. Discarding family trees, they provided synoptic lists of titled individuals with a brief account of their public offices and dignities, ancestors, and descent. Directories in octavo were advertised as reserved to a narrower public: titled families and their descendants who would benefit from more detailed narratives of their past. They were published in particular during political crisis and adopted a rather consensual and inclusive tone. Finally, we consider the gilded luxury volumes in quarto and folio for the happy few collectors. Conceived as family monuments, they belonged to the wider material culture surrounding ancestry (carriages, libraries, portraits, furniture).
Our Hero
Authors: Belot Gordon 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter introduces de Sitter spacetime and surveys some facts about its geometry and symmetries. The guiding analogy is that de Sitter spacetime stands to Minkowski spacetime as the sphere stands to the Euclidean plane. Just as the sphere can be perspicuously viewed as a subset of three-dimensional space, so can a de Sitter spacetime be viewed as a subset of a Minkowski spacetime of one greater dimension. This representation underwrites an investigation of the symmetries of de Sitter spacetimes and allows one to see that they are homogeneous (i.e., they have the same geometry at each point) they are not stationary (there is no family of observers who sees de Sitter geometry as being time-independent). The chapter concludes with an discussion of the conformal completion of de Sitter spacetime.
Asymptotically de Sitter Spacetimes
Authors: Belot Gordon 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter initiates a study of general relativistic worlds, such as we take our own to be, that become more and more de Sitter-like as time passes. It is primarily concerned with using the technique of conformal completion to define a sense in which a spacetime can be asymptotically Minkowski or asymptotically de Sitter. This leads to a discussion of the asymptotic symmetries of such spacetimes and the relation between such symmetries and radiative behaviour. One of the themes is the difficulty of replicating in the asymptotically de Sitter context the successful analysis of gravitational radiation at conformal infinity that is has played an important role in the asymptotically Minkowski case.
Brains!
Authors: Belot Gordon 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter is devoted to the cosmologists' favourite skeptical worry about the reliability of evidence and the possibility of knowledge, the problem of Boltzmann brains: its origins in ideas of Boltzmann; its development and apparent resolution by Eddington; and its return to prominence in recent years, driven by physicists'' attempts to make coherent sense of physics with a positive cosmological constant. It includes a survey of some ideas from statistical physics that underlie the problem of Boltzmann brains. The chapter ends with a number of questions for readers interested in making progress on this problem.
Science and Ethics
Authors: Sellars Wilfrid 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Sellars argues that a word stands for a concept when there are good arguments in which it is essentially involved. This alternative to empiricist theories of content (such as Ayer’s) can allow the conceptual character of some nonempirical language (e.g., moral, mathematical, logical). Moral judgments (as verbal expressions of attitudes) express concepts because good reasons can be brought to bear concerning such judgments. Further, these reasons allow us to vindicate moral first principles. In “rational disciplines” such as morality and mathematics, the derivation of subsidiary moral maxims from first principles is then a matter of consistency. This nonempiricist account of moral conceptual content allows Sellars to situate normative ethical discourse within a scientific realist framework: As a rational discipline, moral judgments can be contentful without troublesome ontological commitments. Further, Sellars’s account indicates how such an expressivist theory could (unlike, say, Ayer’s expressivist theory) offer an account of moral expressions as intersubjective and objective.