bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silicon alleviates drought damage by increasing antioxidant and photosynthetic performance in cowpea
Authors: de Sousa Leite Wallace , de Souza Miranda Rafael , de Moura Rocha Maurisrael , Dutra Alexson Filgueiras , Santos Amanda Soares , da Silva Alana Cavalcante , de Brito Flávia Marques , de Sousa Ricardo Silva , de Araújo Ademir Sergio Ferreira , do Nascimento Clístenes Williams Araújo , Zuffo Alan Mario , de Alcântara Neto Francisco 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWater deficits have been considered the most restrictive environmental constraint on agricultural production worldwide. The current study aimed to investigate the role of silicon nutrition (Si) in activating defence mechanisms against drought damage in cowpea cultivars. The experiments were carried out in a randomized block design in a 2 × 2 × 4 factorial scheme, corresponding to two cowpea cultivars (BRS Novaera and BRS Tumucumaque), two water regimes (control well‐irrigated and water deficit) and four Si levels (0, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mM). Plant growth and physiological and biochemical indicators were evaluated 28 days after drought imposition. Drought significantly reduced the photosynthetic pigments (Chl b and Chl total), gas exchanges (net photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance) and, consequently, all growth parameters of cowpea plants compared with well‐irrigated plants. However, Si at 2.0 mM activated critical responses in the BRS Novaera cultivar under drought, almost recovering plant performance and increasing drought tolerance. The beneficial Si‐induced effects were closely related to increased accumulation of Si, carbohydrates and free amino acids that likely promoted osmoregulation and were associated with an improved antioxidant system composed of proline and the activity of SOD, CAT and APX. These metabolic alterations were sufficient to enable enhanced net photosynthesis and plant growth. In conclusion, Si counteracts the deleterious effects of water deficit by efficiently inducing antioxidant defence and photosynthetic performance in Novaera plants. Si nutrition may constitute a potential strategy to cultivate cowpea plants in water‐scarce areas from arid and semiarid regions.
One‐step fabrication of Li2TiO3 ceramic pebbles using pulsed YAG laser
Authors: Mukai Keisuke 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA large amount of Li‐containing ceramic breeder pebbles is packed in the solid breeding blanket of a nuclear fusion reactor. Several pebble fabrication technologies have been proposed in previous studies, including wet process, emulsion method, extrusion spheronization, additive manufacturing, and melt process. However, a simple, energy‐effective, and scalable fabrication technology remains to be developed for the automated mass production and reprocessing of used radioactive pebbles post‐operation. Selective laser melting potentially enables the quick and automated fabrication of breeder pebbles. Herein, we employ a high‐power density pulse laser to produce ceramic breeder pebbles. A pulsed YAG laser was irradiated over a lithium metatitanate (Li2TiO3) powder bed in air, and the corresponding temperature was monitored using fiber‐type infrared pyrometers. Spherical Li2TiO3 pebbles were successfully fabricated in a single step with an average diameter of 0.78 ± 0.13 μm and the sintering density of 87.4% ± 5.6% (input power: 7.9 J/pulse). The irradiated Li2TiO3 powder melted and turned spherical under surface tension and rapidly solidified, resulting in uniaxial fine grains and a decrease in the degree of long‐range cation ordering.
Schisandra extract ameliorates arthritis pathogenesis by suppressing the NF‐κB and MAPK signalling pathways
Authors: Han Seong Jae , Lee Hyemi , Nam Jiho , Pan Cheol‐Ho , Jeon Jimin , Yang Siyoung 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSchisandra chinensis is a medicinal plant used to treat various diseases. Extracts from the leaves or fruits of S. chinensis and their components are used in osteoarthritis (OA). The OA inhibitory effect of schisandrol A, one of its components, has been previously confirmed. We aimed to confirm the OA inhibitory effect of Schisandra (including components like schisandrol A) to identify why the inhibitory effect of the Schisandra extract is better. First, we investigated the effects of the Schisandra extract on OA as a potential therapeutic. Experimental OA was induced in a mouse model via destabilized medial meniscus surgery. The animals were orally administered the Schisandra extract; the inhibition of cartilage destruction was confirmed using histological analysis. In vitro analysis showed that the Schisandra extract attenuated osteoarthritic cartilage destruction by regulating IL‐1β‐induced MMP3 and COX‐2 levels. The Schisandra extract inhibited IL‐1β‐induced degradation of IκB (NF‐κB pathway) and IL‐1β‐induced phosphorylation of p38 and JNK (mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway). RNA‐sequencing analysis showed that the Schisandra extract decreased the expression of IL‐1β‐induced MAPK and NF‐κB signalling pathway‐related genes more than schisandrol A alone. Therefore, Schisandra extract may be more effective than schisandrol A in preventing OA progression by regulating MAPK and NF‐κB signalling.
Geriatrics Fellows Learning Online And Together (Geri‐a‐FLOAT): A sustainable model of learning and support
Authors: Beiting Kimberly J. , Chippendale Ryan Z. , Goroncy Anna , Duggan Maria C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundGeriatrics Fellows Learning Online And Together (Geri‐a‐FLOAT) is a virtual curriculum designed to convene fellows nationwide for learning and peer support. This paper presents the expansion and evaluation of the program from the “Wave 1” pilot to the “Wave 2” year‐long curriculum.MethodsKern's six‐step approach to curriculum development was used to develop the Wave 2 curriculum. Participation was collected via Zoom. Post‐session web‐based surveys evaluated participant satisfaction regarding speaker, content, and overall session quality; intent‐to‐change; and a free‐response section. A one‐year follow‐up survey sent to participants with valid e‐mail addresses assessed sustained knowledge, skills, and behavior change.ResultsNineteen sessions were held with mean (SD) of 23 (13) participants per session, totaling 182 unique participants. Fifteen of 19 sessions were evaluated with 96 evaluations completed (mean [SD] 6 [4] evaluations per session). Mean (SD) ratings per session that were excellent or above average was 100% (0) for content, 99% (4) for speaker, and 99% (4) overall. Mean (SD) evaluations per session noting intent to change was 90% (14). Respondents reported helpful aspects as sharing resources and examples, perspectives and experiences of others, professional connections, and collaborative discussion. Of 127 participants with valid e‐mail addresses, 40 (response rate = 31%) completed the one‐year follow‐up survey. Mean (SD) respondents reporting some or significant sustained impact was 89% (7) across all learning outcomes.ConclusionsThis virtual, national curriculum for geriatrics fellows was well‐received and associated with high rates of self‐reported, sustained impact one‐year post curriculum. Geri‐a‐FLOAT may be a model to standardize education and build collaboration and peer support across a discipline.
Sex‐based differences in the association between loneliness and polypharmacy among older adults in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Im James H. B. , Bronskill Susan E. , Strauss Rachel , Gruneir Andrea , Guan Jun , Boblitz Alexa , Lu Mindy , Rochon Paula A. , Savage Rachel D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundEmerging evidence shows loneliness is associated with polypharmacy and high‐risk medications in older adults. Despite notable sex‐based differences in the prevalence in each of loneliness and polypharmacy, the role of sex in the relationship between loneliness and polypharmacy is unclear. We explored the relationship between loneliness and polypharmacy in older female and male respondents and described sex‐related variations in prescribed medication subclasses.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional analysis of representative data from the Canadian Community Health Survey—Healthy Aging cycle (2008/2009) linked to health administrative databases in Ontario respondents aged 66 years and older. Loneliness was measured using the Three‐Item Loneliness Scale, with respondents classified as not lonely, moderately lonely, or severely lonely. Polypharmacy was defined as five or more concurrently‐prescribed medications. Sex‐stratified multivariable logistic regression models with survey weights were used to assess the relationship between loneliness and polypharmacy. Among those with polypharmacy, we examined the distribution of prescribed medication subclasses and potentially inappropriate medications.ResultsOf the 2348 individuals included in this study, 54.6% were female respondents. The prevalence of polypharmacy was highest in those with severe loneliness both in female (no loneliness, 32.4%; moderate loneliness, 36.5%; severe loneliness, 44.1%) and male respondents (32.5%, 32.2%, and 42.5%). Severe loneliness was significantly associated with greater adjusted odds of polypharmacy in female respondents (OR = 1.59; 95% CI: 1.01–2.50) but this association was attenuated after adjustment in male respondents (OR = 1.00; 95% CI: 0.56–1.80). Among those with polypharmacy, antidepressants were more commonly prescribed in female respondents with severe loneliness (38.7% [95% CI: 27.3–50.0]) compared to those who were moderately lonely (17.7% [95% CI: 9.3–26.2]).ConclusionsSevere loneliness was independently associated with polypharmacy in older female but not male respondents. Clinicians should consider loneliness as an important risk factor in medication reviews and deprescribing efforts to minimize medication‐related harms, particularly in older women.
Genetic ablation of Saposin‐D in Krabbe disease eliminates psychosine accumulation but does not significantly improve demyelination
Authors: Watanabe Takashi , Tsuboi Kazuhito , Matsuda Nobuaki , Ishizuka Yuta , Go Shinji , Watanabe Etsuko , Ono Ayaka , Okamoto Yasuo , Matsuda Junko 
Published: June 2023

AbstractKrabbe disease is an inherited demyelinating disease caused by a genetic deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme galactosylceramide (GalCer) β‐galactosidase (GALC). The Twitcher (Twi) mouse is a naturally occurring, genetically and enzymatically authentic mouse model that mimics infantile‐onset Krabbe disease. The major substrate for GALC is the myelin lipid GalCer. However, the pathogenesis of Krabbe disease has long been explained by the accumulation of psychosine, a lyso‐derivative of GalCer. Two metabolic pathways have been proposed for the accumulation of psychosine: a synthetic pathway in which galactose is transferred to sphingosine and a degradation pathway in which GalCer is deacylated by acid ceramidase (ACDase). Saposin‐D (Sap‐D) is essential for the degradation of ceramide by ACDase in lysosome. In this study, we generated Twi mice with a Sap‐D deficiency (Twi/Sap‐D KO), which are genetically deficient in both GALC and Sap‐D and found that very little psychosine accumulated in the CNS or PNS of the mouse. As expected, demyelination with the infiltration of multinucleated macrophages (globoid cells) characteristic of Krabbe disease was milder in Twi/Sap‐D KO mice than in Twi mice both in the CNS and PNS during the early disease stage. However, at the later disease stage, qualitatively and quantitatively comparable demyelination occurred in Twi/Sap‐D KO mice, particularly in the PNS, and the lifespans of Twi/Sap‐D KO mice were even shorter than that of Twi mice. Bone marrow‐derived macrophages from both Twi and Twi/Sap‐D KO mice produced significant amounts of TNF‐α upon exposure to GalCer and were transformed into globoid cells. These results indicate that psychosine in Krabbe disease is mainly produced via the deacylation of GalCer by ACDase. The demyelination observed in Twi/Sap‐D KO mice may be mediated by a psychosine‐independent, Sap‐D‐dependent mechanism. GalCer‐induced activation of Sap‐D‐deficient macrophages/microglia may play an important role in the neuroinflammation and demyelination in Twi/Sap‐D KO mice.image
Telenursing needs and influencing factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zhou Jian , Dang Wantai , Luo Zongting , Fan Xinxin , Shi Hui , Deng Na , Xiong Guizhi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the relationship between the demand for telenursing and the chronic illness resources available to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as well as the factors that affect this requirement.DesignCross‐sectional.MethodsThis study included 586 participants with T2DM. A telenursing needs questionnaire developed by the research team was used to assess the telenursing needs of patients with T2DM, and the Chinese version of the Chronic Illness Resources Survey was used to assess the participants' community chronic disease resources. A one‐way ANOVA and multiple regression analysis were used to determine the factors influencing the demand for telenursing and to estimate the relationship between chronic illness resources and the need for telenursing. The STROBE checklist was followed.ResultsThe patients' telenursing needs, ranked from high to low, are as follows: individualized skills and safety; basic disease care; psychological and spiritual needs; respect and social support; and high‐level health management. The chronic disease resource score was 3.47 ± .02, which suggested that patients with T2DM have relatively rich disease resources. Multiple regression analyses showed that resources for chronic diseases, the course of diabetes and complications, family income and other chronic diseases accounted for 79.6% of the variance in T2DM patients' telenursing needs.ConclusionsThe telenursing needs of patients with T2DM are prominent, and primarily focus on basic nursing needs for the disease. To some extent, chronic disease resources affect the telenursing needs of patients with T2DM.Relevance to Clinical PracticeIt is crucial to pay attention to research on telenursing for T2DM patients from the patients' perspective. Enhancing resources for chronic diseases may help meet the telenursing needs of T2DM patients.Patient or Public ContributionParents and diabetes management specialists participated in designing the telenursing needs questionnaire.
Specialization in Bank Lending: Evidence from Exporting Firms
Authors: PARAVISINI DANIEL , RAPPOPORT VERONICA , SCHNABL PHILIPP 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTWe develop a novel approach for measuring bank specialization using granular data on borrower activities and apply it to Peruvian exporters and their banks. We find that borrowers seek credit from banks that specialize in their export destinations, both when expanding exports and when exporting to new countries. Firms experiencing country‐specific export demand shocks adjust borrowing disproportionately from specialized banks. Specialized bank credit supply shocks affect exports disproportionately to countries of specialization. Our results demonstrate that firm credit demand is bank‐ and activity‐specific, which reduces banking competition and affects the transmission and amplification of shocks through the banking sector.
Thought Work: The Hesitant Transition to Nationalism in China's 1980s
Authors: Zhou Luyang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMany scholars note that since the early 1990s, the CCP has been invoking Chinese nationalism to rescue the party's declining ideological legitimacy. Probing China's political indoctrination (thought work), this article makes two contributions to such conventional consensus. First, empirically it argues that the rise of nationalism in the 1990s was not altogether new. Instead, from the early 1980s, the CCP had been switching to “patriotism.” Second, this article argues that the communist regime's transition to nationalism was hesitant. It was an interactive process whereby multiple layers of the society and elite, confused alike, worked together to explore whether and how to embrace nationalism. The nation‐building also bore the imprint of the revolutionary and state‐socialist past. This article suggests that though the nation‐state has become the dominant political format of the world, as a pattern it fuses with a society's traditions, preconditions, and internal struggles. Such fusions made nation‐building in the non‐Western world unseparated from quasi‐national legacies such as revolution and socialism and could yield consequences other than capitalism and democracy.
Increased risk of retinopathy of prematurity since increasedO2saturation targets: A multi‐centre study
Authors: Isaacs Michael , Shah Shaheen P , Dai Shuan , Cartwright David 
Published: June 2023

Background/AimsRetinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of visual impairment in premature neonates. The BOOST II, SUPPORT and COT trials recommended increasing O2saturation targets for pre‐term neonates to reduce mortality; however, this is a risk factor for ROP. We aimed to determine whether these targets increased prevalence of ROP among pre‐term neonates and higher risk groups.MethodsRetrospective cohort study conducted using data from the Australian and New Zealand Neonatal Network. 17 298 neonate cohort born 2012–2018 at <32 weeks' GA and/or <1500 g BW was analysed. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were calculated for post‐2015 risk of: any ROP; ROP ≥ Stage 2; and treated ROP. Sub‐analysis stratified at <28 GA, < 26 weeks' GA, <1500 g BW and <1000 g BW was performed.ResultsRisk of any ROP increased in the post‐2015 group (aOR = 1.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.14–1.32), <28 weeks' GA (aOR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.17–1.46), <26 weeks (aOR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.28–1.91), <1500 g (aOR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.14–1.34) and <1000 g (aOR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.20–1.50). ROP ≥ Stage 2 increased at <28 weeks (aOR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.16–1.46), <26 weeks (aOR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.28–1.91), <1500 g (aOR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.08–1.30), and <1000 g (aOR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.13–1.42).ConclusionO2therapy guidelines since 2015 have resulted in decreased mortality but increased risk of ROP. Individualised NICU adjustments of ROP screening/follow‐up methods are necessary to address the clinical burden.
Palynological and macroscopic characters evidence infer the evolutionary history and insight into pollination adaptation in Impatiens (Balsaminaceae)
Authors: Song Yong‐Xiu , Hu Tian , Peng Shuai , Cong Yi‐Yan , Hu Guang‐Wan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe genus Impatiens comprises more than 1000 species and displays enormous morphological diversity. As a taxon that is notoriously difficult to classify morphologically, the taxonomic significance of pollen morphology has been discussed in previous studies. However, there was only limited study on the evolution of palynological and macroscopic character in this genus before. In this paper, we observed pollen of 143 species of Impatiens, including all representatives of infrageneric groups and discussed their taxonomic value. Meanwhile, based on the reconstructed phylogenetic framework, we selected five pollen traits, and nine macroscopic traits including both vegetative and reproductive organs for evolutionary analysis. The character reconstruction showed that the morphology and number of aperture, granules in lumina, seed number of per capsule, number of sepals, lateral united petals connate, spur length, and phyllotaxy could be identified as unambiguous, while other characters were ambiguous in the last common ancestor of Impatiens. The results of comprehensively macroscopic characters and palynological evidence suggest that these traits experienced a complicated evolution, exhibit high levels of instability and variability and occur character multiple reversals in the evolutionary processes of Impatiens due to different selection pressures. In addition, we found that there is an evident mosaic evolution in this genus. Pollen and macroscopic character are conserved with a slower evolutionary rate in the I. subgen. Clavicarpa, however, these characters showed higher diversity with a rapid rate of evolution in the I. subgen. Impatiens. Furthermore, the relationship between floral morphology and pollinators was discussed.
Functional recovery after ischemic stroke: Impact of different sleep health parameters
Authors: Denis Claire , Jaussent Isabelle , Guiraud Lily , Mestejanot Caroline , Arquizan Caroline , Mourand Isabelle , Chenini Sofiène , Abril Beatriz , Wacongne Anne , Tamisier Renaud , Baillieul Sébastien , Pepin Jean‐Louis , Barateau Lucie , Dauvilliers Yves 
Published: June 2023

SummarySleep disturbances after ischaemic stroke include alterations of sleep architecture, obstructive sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, daytime sleepiness and insomnia. Our aim was to explore their impacts on functional outcomes at month 3 after stroke, and to assess the benefit of continuous positive airway pressure in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea. Ninety patients with supra‐tentorial ischaemic stroke underwent clinical screening for sleep disorders and polysomnography at day 15 ± 4 after stroke in a multisite study. Patients with severe obstructive apnea (apnea–hypopnea index ≥ 30 per hr) were randomized into two groups: continuous positive airway pressure‐treated and sham (1:1 ratio). Functional independence was assessed with the Barthel Index at month 3 after stroke in function of apnea–hypopnea index severity and treatment group. Secondary objectives were disability (modified Rankin score) and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale according to apnea–hypopnea index. Sixty‐one patients (71.8 years, 42.6% men) completed the study: 51 (83.6%) had obstructive apnea (21.3% severe apnea), 10 (16.7%) daytime sleepiness, 13 (24.1%) insomnia, 3 (5.7%) depression, and 20 (34.5%) restless legs syndrome. Barthel Index, modified Rankin score and Stroke Scale were similar at baseline and 3 months post‐stroke in the different obstructive sleep apnea groups. Changes at 3 months in those three scores were similar in continuous positive airway pressure versus sham‐continuous positive airway pressure patients. In patients with worse clinical outcomes at month 3, mean nocturnal oxygen saturation was lower whereas there was no association with apnea–hypopnea index. Poorer outcomes at 3 months were also associated with insomnia, restless legs syndrome, depressive symptoms, and decreased total sleep time and rapid eye movement sleep.
The damaging duo: Obesity and excess dietary salt contribute to hypertension and cardiovascular disease
Authors: Watso Joseph C. , Fancher Ibra S. , Gomez Dulce H. , Hutchison Zachary J. , Gutiérrez Orlando M. , Robinson Austin T. 
Published: June 2023

SummaryHypertension is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among adults worldwide. In this review, we focus on two of the most critical public health challenges that contribute to hypertension—obesity and excess dietary sodium from salt (i.e., sodium chloride). While the independent effects of these factors have been studied extensively, the interplay of obesity and excess salt overconsumption is not well understood. Here, we discuss both the independent and combined effects of excess obesity and dietary salt given their contributions to vascular dysfunction, autonomic cardiovascular dysregulation, kidney dysfunction, and insulin resistance. We discuss the role of ultra‐processed foods—accounting for nearly 60% of energy intake in America—as a major contributor to both obesity and salt overconsumption. We highlight the influence of obesity on elevated blood pressure in the presence of a high‐salt diet (i.e., salt sensitivity). Throughout the review, we highlight critical gaps in knowledge that should be filled to inform us of the prevention, management, treatment, and mitigation strategies for addressing these public health challenges.