bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rotor induced air movements and their effects on droplet dispersal
Authors: Parkin C. S. 
Published: March 2023

The dispersal of droplets sprayed from an aircraft, be it fixed or rotary winged, is affected by influences which can be placed in four categories:1. Particle characteristics e.g. terminal velocity.2. Aircraft wake.3. Meteorology.4. Nozzle or atomiser position.Although all four categories combine to produce a particular application the relative importance of each influence varies with particular circumstances. Large particles for instance, are little influenced by air movement and so aircraft wake and meteorology are unimportant. Small droplets, on the other hand, have low terminal velocities and are more easily affected by air movements. Situations where wake predominates over meteorology are usually those where flying heights and wind speeds are low. For example, in Ultra Low Volume spraying, Lawson and Uk (1979) found wake effects at low flying heights.
Fatigue detection in structural elements (bleeding structures)
Authors: Donald E. P. 
Published: March 2023

Fatigue is a problem which all designers have to face. If they are starting on the design of an aeroplane, they will work out all the high loading cases first, make sure that the design will be good enough to meet them, then they will turn their thoughts to the survival of the proposed structure within the lower stress levels of everyday operations.Some parts may see one cycle, some hundreds, many will see thousands, some millions and millions. All should function without cracking from fatigue.If fatigue cracks do appear after some time, this indicates that while the design was reasonably close to optimum, it needs a little more material adding locally. The operator will probably groan at the cost and disruption the beefing-up operation will require, and the designer will be tempted to overdesign in the first place to avoid this situation.
Neoadjuvant tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy in locally advanced differentiated thyroid cancer: a single centre case series
Authors: Yeo J J Y , Stewart K , Maniam P , Arman S , Srinivasan D , Wall L , MacNeill M , Strachan M , Nixon I 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivePrimary surgical resection remains the mainstay of management in locally advanced differentiated thyroid cancer. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors have recently shown promising results in patients with recurrent locally advanced differentiated thyroid cancer. This study discussed four patients with locally advanced differentiated thyroid cancer managed with tyrosine kinase inhibitors used prior to surgery in the ‘neoadjuvant’ setting.MethodProspective data collection through a local thyroid database from February 2016 identified four patients with locally advanced differentiated thyroid cancer unsuitable for primary surgical resection commenced on neoadjuvant tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy.ResultsAll cases had T4a disease at presentation. Three cases tolerated tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy for more than 14 months while the last case failed to tolerate treatment at 1 month. All patients subsequently underwent total thyroidectomy to facilitate adjuvant radioactive iodine treatment. Disease-specific survival remains at 100 per cent currently (range, 29–75 months).ConclusionNeoadjuvant tyrosine kinase inhibitors in locally advanced differentiated thyroid cancer can be effective in reducing primary tumour extent to potentially facilitate a more limited surgical resection for local disease control.
Archaeological encounters: Ethics and aesthetics under the mark of the Anthropocene
Authors: Pétursdóttir Þóra , Sørensen Tim Flohr 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhat legitimizes archaeological work in an age of global climate change, socio-political crises and economic recession? On what topics should archaeology focus its research questions, and what forms of archaeological engagement are not merely justifiable but able to make a difference in light of such challenges? Today, there is a tendency, we argue, that archaeological responses to current challenges are expected to align with a specific mode of conduct, political stance and genre, where, for example, a very particular notion of activism, responsibility and ethics is dominating. There is no denial that current challenges call for immediate instrumental reactions, but we contend that valuable reactions can – or even must – vary, and that more fundamental and slow ontological and epistemological change should also be nested within these responses. In this article, we explore what it means to care – what it means to be concerned – in the Anthropocene through archaeological practice and aesthetic engagement. By highlighting the relations between ethics and aesthetics, we explore ways in which we get in touch with the objects of concern, placing undecidability and speculation as dispositions equally important to urgency and impact.
Evaluation of an intensive workshop on research methods in supportive oncology
Authors: Bryant Ashley Leak , Krok-Schoen Jessica L. , Cobran Ewan K. , Greer Joseph A. , Temel Jennifer S. , Pirl William F. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesSince 2015, the Harvard Workshop on Research Methods in Supportive Oncology has trained early-career investigators in skills to develop rigorous studies in supportive oncology. This study examines workshop evaluations over time in the context of two factors: longitudinal participant feedback and a switch from in-person to virtual format during the COVID pandemic.MethodsWe examined post-workshop evaluations for participants who attended the workshop from 2015 to 2021. We qualitatively analyzed evaluation free text responses on ways in which the workshop could be improved and “other comments.” Potential areas of improvement were categorized and frequencies were compiled longitudinally. Differences in participants' ratings of the workshop and demographics between in-person and virtual formats were investigated with t-tests and Chi-square tests, respectively.Results286 participants attended the workshop over 8 years. Participant ratings of the workshop remained consistently high without substantial variation across all years. Three main themes emerged from the “other comments” item: (1) sense of community; (2) passion and empowerment; and (3) value of protected time. Participants appeared to identify fewer areas for improvement over time. There were no significant differences in participant ratings or demographics between the in-person and virtual formats.Signifinace of resultsWhile the workshop has experienced changes over time, participant evaluations varied little. The core content and structure might have the greatest influence on participants’ experiences.
The Institutional Environment, Human Capital Development, and Productivity-Enhancing Factors: Evidence from ASEAN Countries
Authors: Tasane Helery , Srun Sopheak 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe explored the nexus between the quality of human capital, productivity-enhancing factors, and the quality of institutions in nine Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries using canonical correlation and principal component analysis of country-level data for 2007–2017 from the World Bank, World Economic Forum, and Penn World Tables databases. We found that an unequal development of human capital in the ASEAN countries is clearly linked to their heterogeneous institutional conditions and that the quality of human capital drives technology absorption and innovation. The four transition economies in the region—Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, and Myanmar—are facing particularly difficult challenges in developing institutional environments that stimulate human capital development to reach higher levels of knowledge intensity of their economies and achieve the resulting competitive advantages.
Interacting Effects of Watershed and Coastal Processes on the Evolution of Compound Flooding During Hurricane Irene
Authors: Deb Mithun , Sun Ning , Yang Zhaoqing , Wang Taiping , Judi David , Xiao Ziyu , Wigmosta Mark S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn low‐lying estuarine regions, compound flooding (CF) is caused by the co‐occurrence of extreme precipitation, river flooding and storm surge. In recent decades, there has been a rise in the frequency and intensity of pluvial‐coastal CF events in different parts of the U.S. due to the increased frequency of intense precipitation and storm surge events. However, in estuarine and deltaic regions, the CF characteristics depend mainly on the storm tide and river flow interaction. Understanding how the fluvial‐coastal CF may respond to changes to watershed and estuarine characteristics is essential for future CF hazard prediction. This study examined two critical processes: (a) the interplay between antecedent soil moisture conditions and peak river flow, and (b) how the impact of sea level rise (SLR) on storm surge and river flood distribution alters the CF in complex estuaries. As the study area, we selected the Delaware Bay and River, a shallow and convergent estuary in the US Mid‐Atlantic region—where flood hazards during a CF can become more significant than the surge and river flood processes occurring in isolation. For the focal event for the study, we selected Hurricane Irene (2011) because it reportedly produced the most extreme CF over the past two decades in the same region. Ultimately, our results illustrated that the potential changes to the catchment and bay characteristics from the global temperature increase and SLR could significantly modulate the fluvial‐coastal CF variability. The potential increase in global temperature and rainfall intensity might not always exacerbate the CF.
A Review of Speleothems as Archives for Paleofire Proxies, With Australian Case Studies
Authors: Campbell Micheline , McDonough Liza , Treble Pauline C. , Baker Andy , Kosarac Nevena , Coleborn Katie , Wynn Peter M. , Schmitt Axel K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWildfires affect 40% of the earth's terrestrial biome, but much of our knowledge of wildfire activity is limited to the satellite era. Improved understanding of past fires is necessary to better forecast how fire regimes might change with future climate change, to understand ecosystem resilience to fire, and to improve data‐model comparisons. Environmental proxy archives can extend our knowledge of past fire activity. Speleothems, naturally occurring cave formations, are widely used in paleoenvironmental research as they are absolutely dateable, occur on every ice‐free continent, and include multiple proxies. Recently, speleothems have been shown to record past fire events (Argiriadis et al., 2019, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00767; McDonough et al., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2022.03.020; Homann et al., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34950-x). Here we present a review of this emerging application in speleothem paleoenvironmental science. We give a concise overview of fire regimes and common paleofire proxies, describe past attempts to use stalagmites to investigate paleofire, and describe the physical basis through which speleothems can record past fires. We then describe the ideal speleothem sample for paleofire research and offer a summary of applicable laboratory and statistical methods. Finally, we present four case studies from southwest Australia which: (a) explore the geochemistry of ash leachates, (b) detail how sulfate isotopes may be a proxy for post fire ecological recovery, (c) demonstrate how a catastrophic paleofire was linked to changes in climate and land management, and (d) investigate whether deep caves can record past fire events. We conclude the paper by outlining future research directions for paleofire applications.
Artificial-intelligence-assisted mass fabrication of nanocantilevers from randomly positioned single carbon nanotubes
Authors: Tadokoro Yukihiro , Funayama Keita , Kawano Keisuke , Miura Atsushi , Hirotani Jun , Ohno Yutaka , Tanaka Hiroya 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNanoscale cantilevers (nanocantilevers) made from carbon nanotubes (CNTs) provide tremendous benefits in sensing and electromagnetic applications. This nanoscale structure is generally fabricated using chemical vapor deposition and/or dielectrophoresis, which contain manual, time-consuming processes such as the placing of additional electrodes and careful observation of single-grown CNTs. Here, we demonstrate a simple and Artificial Intelligence (AI)-assisted method for the efficient fabrication of a massive CNT-based nanocantilever. We used randomly positioned single CNTs on the substrate. The trained deep neural network recognizes the CNTs, measures their positions, and determines the edge of the CNT on which an electrode should be clamped to form a nanocantilever. Our experiments demonstrate that the recognition and measurement processes are automatically completed in 2 s, whereas comparable manual processing requires 12 h. Notwithstanding the small measurement error by the trained network (within 200 nm for 90% of the recognized CNTs), more than 34 nanocantilevers were successfully fabricated in one process. Such high accuracy contributes to the development of a massive field emitter using the CNT-based nanocantilever, in which the output current is obtained with a low applied voltage. We further showed the benefit of fabricating massive CNT-nanocantilever-based field emitters for neuromorphic computing. The activation function, which is a key function in a neural network, was physically realized using an individual CNT-based field emitter. The introduced neural network with the CNT-based field emitters recognized handwritten images successfully. We believe that our method can accelerate the research and development of CNT-based nanocantilevers for realizing promising future applications.
BrainGENIE: The Brain Gene Expression and Network Imputation Engine
Authors: Hess Jonathan L. , Quinn Thomas P. , Zhang Chunling , Hearn Gentry C. , Chen Samuel ,   Neuropsychiatric Consortium for Analysis and Sharing of Transcriptomes, Beveridge Natalie Jane , Carr Vaughan , de Jong Simone , Gardiner Erin , Kelly Brian , Kumarasinghe Nishantha , Ophoff Roel , Schall Ulrich , Scott Rodney , Stamova Boryana , Tooney Paul , Kong Sek Won , Cairns Murray , Tsuang Ming T. , Faraone Stephen V. , Glatt Stephen J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn vivo experimental analysis of human brain tissue poses substantial challenges and ethical concerns. To address this problem, we developed a computational method called the Brain Gene Expression and Network-Imputation Engine (BrainGENIE) that leverages peripheral-blood transcriptomes to predict brain tissue-specific gene-expression levels. Paired blood–brain transcriptomic data collected by the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) Project was used to train BrainGENIE models to predict gene-expression levels in ten distinct brain regions using whole-blood gene-expression profiles. The performance of BrainGENIE was compared to PrediXcan, a popular method for imputing gene expression levels from genotypes. BrainGENIE significantly predicted brain tissue-specific expression levels for 2947–11,816 genes (false-discovery rate-adjusted p < 0.05), including many transcripts that cannot be predicted significantly by a transcriptome-imputation method such as PrediXcan. BrainGENIE recapitulated measured diagnosis-related gene-expression changes in the brain for autism, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia better than direct correlations from blood and predictions from PrediXcan. We developed a convenient software toolset for deploying BrainGENIE, and provide recommendations for how best to implement models. BrainGENIE complements and, in some ways, outperforms existing transcriptome-imputation tools, providing biologically meaningful predictions and opening new research avenues.
Satellites reveal hotspots of global river extent change
Authors: Wu Qianhan , Ke Linghong , Wang Jida , Pavelsky Tamlin M. , Allen George H. , Sheng Yongwei , Duan Xuejun , Zhu Yunqiang , Wu Jin , Wang Lei , Liu Kai , Chen Tan , Zhang Wensong , Fan Chenyu , Yong Bin , Song Chunqiao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRivers are among the most diverse, dynamic, and productive ecosystems on Earth. River flow regimes are constantly changing, but characterizing and understanding such changes have been challenging from a long-term and global perspective. By analyzing water extent variations observed from four-decade Landsat imagery, we here provide a global attribution of the recent changes in river regime to morphological dynamics (e.g., channel shifting and anabranching), expansion induced by new dams, and hydrological signals of widening and narrowing. Morphological dynamics prevailed in ~20% of the global river area. Booming reservoir constructions, mostly skewed in Asia and South America, contributed to ~32% of the river widening. The remaining hydrological signals were characterized by contrasting hotspots, including prominent river widening in alpine and pan-Arctic regions and narrowing in the arid/semi-arid continental interiors, driven by varying trends in climate forcing, cryospheric response to warming, and human water management. Our findings suggest that the recent river extent dynamics diverge based on hydroclimate and socio-economic conditions, and besides reflecting ongoing morphodynamical processes, river extent changes show close connections with external forcings, including climate change and anthropogenic interference.
Assessment of community efforts to advance network-based prediction of protein–protein interactions
Authors: Wang Xu-Wen , Madeddu Lorenzo , Spirohn Kerstin , Martini Leonardo , Fazzone Adriano , Becchetti Luca , Wytock Thomas P. , Kovács István A. , Balogh Olivér M. , Benczik Bettina , Pétervári Mátyás , Ágg Bence , Ferdinandy Péter , Vulliard Loan , Menche Jörg , Colonnese Stefania , Petti Manuela , Scarano Gaetano , Cuomo Francesca , Hao Tong , Laval Florent , Willems Luc , Twizere Jean-Claude , Vidal Marc , Calderwood Michael A. , Petrillo Enrico , Barabási Albert-László , Silverman Edwin K. , Loscalzo Joseph , Velardi Paola , Liu Yang-Yu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractComprehensive understanding of the human protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, aka the human interactome, can provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms of complex biological processes and diseases. Despite the remarkable experimental efforts undertaken to date to determine the structure of the human interactome, many PPIs remain unmapped. Computational approaches, especially network-based methods, can facilitate the identification of previously uncharacterized PPIs. Many such methods have been proposed. Yet, a systematic evaluation of existing network-based methods in predicting PPIs is still lacking. Here, we report community efforts initiated by the International Network Medicine Consortium to benchmark the ability of 26 representative network-based methods to predict PPIs across six different interactomes of four different organisms: A. thaliana, C. elegans, S. cerevisiae, and H. sapiens. Through extensive computational and experimental validations, we found that advanced similarity-based methods, which leverage the underlying network characteristics of PPIs, show superior performance over other general link prediction methods in the interactomes we considered.
Insights into receptor structure and dynamics at the surface of living cells
Authors: Steiert Frederik , Schultz Peter , Höfinger Siegfried , Müller Thomas D. , Schwille Petra , Weidemann Thomas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEvaluating protein structures in living cells remains a challenge. Here, we investigate Interleukin-4 receptor alpha (IL-4Rα) into which the non-canonical amino acid bicyclo[6.1.0]nonyne-lysine (BCNK) is incorporated by genetic code expansion. Bioorthogonal click labeling is performed with tetrazine-conjugated dyes. To quantify the reaction yield in situ, we develop brightness-calibrated ratiometric imaging, a protocol where fluorescent signals in confocal multi-color images are ascribed to local concentrations. Screening receptor mutants bearing BCNK in the extracellular domain uncovered site-specific variations of both click efficiency and Interleukin-4 binding affinity, indicating subtle well-defined structural perturbations. Molecular dynamics and continuum electrostatics calculations suggest solvent polarization to determine site-specific variations of BCNK reactivity. Strikingly, signatures of differential click efficiency, measured for IL-4Rα in ligand-bound and free form, mirror sub-angstrom deformations of the protein backbone at corresponding locations. Thus, click efficiency by itself represents a remarkably informative readout linked to protein structure and dynamics in the native plasma membrane.
A defect in mitochondrial protein translation influences mitonuclear communication in the heart
Authors: Gao Feng , Liang Tian , Lu Yao Wei , Fu Xuyang , Dong Xiaoxuan , Pu Linbin , Hong Tingting , Zhou Yuxia , Zhang Yu , Liu Ning , Zhang Feng , Liu Jianming , Malizia Andrea P. , Yu Hong , Zhu Wei , Cowan Douglas B. , Chen Hong , Hu Xinyang , Mably John D. , Wang Jian’an , Wang Da-Zhi , Chen Jinghai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe regulation of the informational flow from the mitochondria to the nucleus (mitonuclear communication) is not fully characterized in the heart. We have determined that mitochondrial ribosomal protein S5 (MRPS5/uS5m) can regulate cardiac function and key pathways to coordinate this process during cardiac stress. We demonstrate that loss of Mrps5 in the developing heart leads to cardiac defects and embryonic lethality while postnatal loss induces cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. The structure and function of mitochondria is disrupted in Mrps5 mutant cardiomyocytes, impairing mitochondrial protein translation and OXPHOS. We identify Klf15 as a Mrps5 downstream target and demonstrate that exogenous Klf15 is able to rescue the overt defects and re-balance the cardiac metabolome. We further show that Mrps5 represses Klf15 expression through c-myc, together with the metabolite L-phenylalanine. This critical role for Mrps5 in cardiac metabolism and mitonuclear communication highlights its potential as a target for heart failure therapies.
A helium-burning white dwarf binary as a supersoft X-ray source
Authors: Greiner J. , Maitra C. , Haberl F. , Willer R. , Burgess J. M. , Langer N. , Bodensteiner J. , Buckley D. A. H. , Monageng I. M. , Udalski A. , Ritter H. , Werner K. , Maggi P. , Jayaraman R. , Vanderspek R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractType Ia supernovae are cosmic distance indicators1,2, and the main source of iron in the Universe3,4, but their formation paths are still debated. Several dozen supersoft X-ray sources, in which a white dwarf accretes hydrogen-rich matter from a non-degenerate donor star, have been observed5 and suggested as Type Ia supernovae progenitors6–9. However, observational evidence for hydrogen, which is expected to be stripped off the donor star during the supernova explosion10, is lacking. Helium-accreting white dwarfs, which would circumvent this problem, have been predicted for more than 30 years (refs. 7,11,12), including their appearance as supersoft X-ray sources, but have so far escaped detection. Here we report a supersoft X-ray source with an accretion disk whose optical spectrum is completely dominated by helium, suggesting that the donor star is hydrogen-free. We interpret the luminous and supersoft X-rays as resulting from helium burning near the surface of the accreting white dwarf. The properties of our system provide evidence for extended pathways towards Chandrasekhar-mass explosions based on helium accretion, in particular for stable burning in white dwarfs at lower accretion rates than expected so far. This may allow us to recover the population of the sub-energetic so-called Type Iax supernovae, up to 30% of all Type Ia supernovae13, within this scenario.