bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fruit development and capsaicin content of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum) plant cultivated in different soil salinity stress
Authors: PURNAMA PURIN CANDRA , SUMARDI ISSIREP , NUGROHO L. HARTANTO 
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Purnama PC, Sumardi I, Nugroho LH. 2022. Fruit development and capsaicin content of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum) plant cultivated in different soil salinity stress. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 166-171. Land scarcity for cropping at Java Island is a challenge for scientists to look for alternative cropping land. The use of saline land for cropping needs to have further discussed. Red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) can be used as a plant model because, aside from being used as a vegetable, it is also used as natural medicine because of its secondary metabolite, capsaicin. A harsh environment could induce changes in the primary metabolism, which leads to secondary metabolite decomposition. For example, plants respond to stress, such as salt stress, by synthesizing flavonoids and phenolic acid as defense systems to reduce damage. However, the total sugar level and organic acids are decreased. This research aimed to study the fruit development and capsaicin content of hot pepper grown on various coastal soil sand to know whether or not different growth medium affects the size of each part of the fruit. The design of this research was a Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD). In this research, five different salinity mediums were used, they were A. 15.20 dS/m, B. 5.70 dS/m, C.1.10 dS/m, and D. 2.85 dS/m obtained from Pandansimo and E. 3.25 dS/m obtained from Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, as comparation. Seedlings were transferred to the polybag after having four truly expanded leaves. Fruit development was observed every week, starting from the first day after flowering (DAF) to 35 DAF. Pericarpium and placenta thickness, fruit diameter, number, length, and width of the giant cell were recorded appropriately from the slides prepared using the paraffin method. Capsaicin content was determined at 14 and 35 DAF, performed with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The results show structural changes in the exocarpium; on the first day after flowering, there was only one layer of epidermis cells, but at 7 DAF, there was one layer of epidermis cells and one layer of collenchyma cells. Next, at 14 DAF, one layer of epidermis cells and two layers of collenchyma cells are observed. The structure of the mesocarpium, endocarpium, and placenta were not changed. The capsaicin content of the green fruit (14 DAF) was lower than the mature one (35 DAF) in all survival mediums. The highest capsaicin content at 14 and 35 DAF was obtained from a plant grown at medium C. Different growing mediums affected pericarpium and placenta thickness, number, length, and width of the giant cell fruit diameter.
The impacts of Hevea brasiliensis (rubber tree) plantation on soil nutrients in Southern Nigeria
Authors: NDAKARA EMMANUEL OFUDJAYE , OHWO ODAFIVWOTU 
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Ndakara OE, Ohwo O. 2022. The impacts of Hevea brasiliensis (rubber tree) plantation on soil nutrients in Southern Nigeria. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 234-239. This study investigated how Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg. impact on the soils within the humid rainforest ecosystem of Nigeria. The study used quasi-experimental and stratified random sampling techniques to select sampling units. Samples of soils under H. brasiliensis and rainforest (the control) were collected using an auger, and their laboratory analyses for total organic matter (TOM), total nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P), exchangeable potassium (K), and pH were carried out using standard methods. Data generated were statistically analyzed using the mean, standard deviation, standard error of mean, and t-test. Findings showed that the soils under rainforest have higher nutrient properties than plantations of H. brasiliensis. Soil pH values were lower under rainforest than under plantations of H. brasiliensis. While TOM, N, and K differed significantly between rainforest and H. brasiliensis at a 5% confidence level, available phosphorus and pH were insignificant at a 5% confidence level. Tree species' capability to improve soil nutrition reflects its positive impact on the ecosystem. Since soil nutrients under H. brasiliensis are lower than soil nutrients under rainforest, efficient application of organic manure is required to improve the soil nutrient status for sustainable ecosystem functioning and management of the degraded rainforest environment.
Optical characterization of the impact of 100  keV protons on the optical properties of ZrO2 films prepared by ALD on fused silica substrates
Authors: Sytchkova A. , Protopapa M. L. , Olivero P. , Tapfer L. , Burresi E. , Dunatov T. , Siketić Z. , Palmisano M. , Pesce E. , Wang Y. , Wang Z. , He H. 
Published: January 2023

Atomic layer deposition (ALD)-grown zirconia films underwent irradiation by 100 keV protons at fluences ranging from

1

⋅

10

12

p

+

/

c
m

2

through

5

⋅

10

14

p

+

/

c
m

2

. The induced structural damage was modeled using the stopping and range of ions in matter (SRIM) and compared with the change of the optical properties characterized by ellipsometry, spectrophotometry, and x-ray reflectometry. Proton-induced contamination of the optical surface due to deposition of a carbon-rich layer was determined. Correct estimation of the substrate damage was shown to be critical for reliable evaluation of the optical constants of the irradiated films. The ellipsometric angle

Δ

is shown to be sensitive to both the presence of the buried damaged zone in the irradiated substrate and the contamination layer on the surface of the samples. The complex chemistry in carbon-doped zirconia accommodating over-stoichiometric oxygen is discussed, along with the impact of the film composition change on the refractive index of the irradiated films.
Drift Correction in Laboratory Nanocomputed Tomography using Joint Feature Correlation
Authors: Liu Mengnan , Yu Han , Xi Xiaoqi , Tan Siyu , Zhu Linlin , Zhang Zhicun , Li Lei , Chen Jian , Yan Bin 
Published: January 2023

Laboratory nanocomputed tomography (nano-CT), which can provide a spatial resolution of up to 100 nm, has been widely used due to its volume advantage. However, the drift of the x-ray source focal spot and the thermal expansion of the mechanical system can cause projection drift during long-time scanning. The three-dimensional result reconstructed from the drifted projections contains severe drift artifacts, which reduce the spatial resolution of nano-CT. Registering the drifted projections using rapidly acquired sparse projections is one of the mainstream correction methods, but the high noise and contrast differences of projections in nano-CT affect the correction effectiveness of existing methods. Herein, we propose a rough-to-refined projection registration method, which fully combines the information of the features in the gray and frequency domains of the projections. Simulation data show that the drift estimation accuracy of the proposed method is improved by and compared with the mainstream random sample consensus and locality preserving matching based on features. The proposed method can effectively improve the imaging quality of nano-CT.
Laser-based sensing in the long-wavelength mid-infrared: chemical kinetics and environmental monitoring applications
Authors: Elkhazraji Ali , Shakfa Mohammad Khaled , Abualsaud Nawaf , Mhanna Mhanna , Sy Mohamed , Marangoni Marco , Farooq Aamir 
Published: January 2023

We present chemical kinetics and environmental monitoring applications in the long-wavelength mid-infrared (LW-MIR) region using a new diagnostic that exploits a widely tunable light source emitting in the LW-MIR. The custom-designed laser source is based on a difference-frequency generation (DFG) process in a nonlinear orientation-patterned GaAs crystal. The pump laser, an external-cavity quantum cascade laser, is tuned in a continuous-wave (cw) mode, while the signal laser, a

C
O

2

gas laser, is operated in a pulsed mode with a kilohertz repetition rate. The idler wavelength can be tuned between 11.58 (

863.56

c

m

−
1

) and 15.00 µm (

666.67

c

m

−
1

) in a quasi-cw manner. We discuss the unique prospective applications offered by probing the LW-MIR region for chemical kinetics and environment-monitoring applications. We showcase the potential of the DFG laser source by some representative applications.
Effect of Biologics on the Risk of Advanced-Stage Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Associated Intestinal Cancer: A Nationwide Study
Authors: Seishima Ryo , Okabayashi Koji , Ikeuchi Hiroki , Uchino Motoi , Futami Kitaro , Noguchi Tatsuki , Ohge Hiroki , Iseki Yasuhito , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Itabashi Michio , Okamoto Kinya , Toiyama Yuji , Ogino Takayuki , Nakamura Masafumi , Yamada Kazutaka , Wakai Toshifumi , Sato Yu , Kimura Hideaki , Takahashi Kenichi , Hida Koya , Kinugasa Yusuke , Ishida Fumio , Okuda Junji , Daito Koji , Koyama Fumikazu , Ueno Hideki , Yamamoto Takayuki , Yamamoto Seiichiro , Hanai Tsunekazu , Maemoto Atsuo , Arakaki Junya , Komori Koji , Akagi Yoshito , Shida Dai , Yamaguchi Shigeki , Matsuda Keiji , Maeda Kiyoshi , Noake Toshihiro , Nezu Riichiro , Sasaki Shin , Hasegawa Junichi , Sunami Eiji , Kanemitsu Yukihide , Katsumata Kenji , Uehara Kei , Kiyomatsu Tomomichi , Suto Takeshi , Kazama Shinsuke , Yamada Takeshi , Goi Takenori , Ishihara Soichiro , Ajioka Yoichi , Sugihara Kenichi 
Published: January 2023

INTRODUCTION:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of biologics on the risk of advanced-stage inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-associated intestinal cancer from a nationwide multicenter data set.

METHODS:
The medical records of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) diagnosed with IBD-associated intestinal neoplasia (dysplasia or cancer) from 1983 to 2020 were included in this study. Therapeutic agents were classified into 3 types: biologics, 5-aminosalicylic acid, and immunomodulators. The pathological cancer stage was compared based on the drug used in both patients with CD and UC.

RESULTS:
In total, 1,042 patients (214 CD and 828 UC patients) were included. None of the drugs were significantly associated with cancer stage in the patients with CD. In the patients with UC, an advanced cancer stage was significantly associated with less use of biologics (early stage: 7.7% vs advanced stage: 2.0%, P < 0.001), 5-aminosalicylic acid, and immunomodulators. Biologic use was associated with a lower incidence of advanced-stage cancer in patients diagnosed by regular surveillance (biologics [−] 24.5% vs [+] 9.1%, P = 0.043), but this was not the case for the other drugs. Multivariate analysis showed that biologic use was significantly associated with a lower risk of advanced-stage disease (odds ratio = 0.111 [95% confidence interval, 0.034–0.356], P < 0.001).

DISCUSSION:
Biologic use was associated with a lower risk of advanced IBD-associated cancer in patients with UC but not with CD. The mechanism of cancer progression between UC and CD may be different and needs to be further investigated.
Low Level of Hepatitis B Viremia Compared With Undetectable Viremia Increases the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Untreated Compensated Cirrhosis
Authors: Yang Jiwon , Choi Won-Mook , Shim Ju Hyun , Lee Danbi , Kim Kang Mo , Lim Young-Suk , Lee Han Chu , Choi Jonggi 
Published: January 2023

INTRODUCTION:
The initiation of antiviral treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B with compensated cirrhosis and low-level viremia (LLV; HBV DNA 15–2,000 IU/mL) remains controversial. We sought to compare the long-term outcomes of these untreated patients according to their viremic status.

METHODS:
Six hundred twenty-seven untreated patients with chronic hepatitis B with compensated cirrhosis were analyzed retrospectively. The risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver-related clinical events, including hepatic decompensation, were compared between patients with LLV and undetectable HBV DNA. Patients who received antiviral treatment were censored during treatment initiation.

RESULTS:
The mean age of the patients was 54.7 years, 64.4% of whom were male. During the study period, 59 patients developed HCC (20 and 39 in the undetectable and LLV groups, respectively) with an annual incidence of 2.44/100 person-years. Multivariable analysis revealed that the LLV group was associated with a significantly higher risk of HCC (adjusted hazard ratio: 2.36, P = 0.002) than the undetectable group. In the 204 propensity score–matched cohort, the LLV group had a 2.16-fold greater risk of HCC than the undetectable group (P = 0.014). Liver-related clinical events occurred in 121 patients with an annual incidence of 5.25/100 person-years. Despite not reaching statistical significance, the LLV group tended to have a higher risk of liver-related events in the propensity score–matched cohort (hazard ratio: 1.14, P = 0.50).

DISCUSSION:
Compared with patients with undetectable HBV DNA, those with compensated cirrhosis and LLV had a significantly higher risk of HCC. Antiviral treatment should be advised for these patients.
Establishing metrological traceability for small molecule measurands in laboratory medicine
Authors: Seger Christoph , Kessler Anja , Taibon Judith 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
For molecules that can be well described metrologically in the sense of the definition of measurands, and which can also be recorded analytically as individual substances, reference measurement service traceability to a metrologically sound foundation is a necessity. The establishment of traceability chains must be initiated by National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) according to applicable standards; they are at the top and leading position in this concept. If NMIs are not in the position to take up this task, alternative approaches must be sought. Traceability initiatives established by in vitro device industry or academia must meet the quality standards of NMIs. Adherence to International Organization for Standardization (ISO) procedure 15193 must be a matter of course for the establishment of reference measurement procedures (RMPs). Certified reference material (CRM) characterization must be thorough, e.g., by the application of quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance measurements and by adherence to ISO 15194. Both for RMPs and CRMs Joint Committee for Traceability in Laboratory Medicine (JCTLM) listing must be the ultimate goal. Results must be shared in a transparent manner to allow other stakeholders including NMIs to reproduce and disseminate the reference measurement procedures.
Precision quality control: a dynamic model for risk-based analysis of analytical quality
Authors: Schmidt Robert L. , Moore Ryleigh A. , Walker Brandon S. , Rudolf Joseph W. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objectives
There is continuing pressure to improve the cost effectiveness of quality control (QC) for clinical laboratory testing. Risk-based approaches are promising but recent research has uncovered problems in some common methods. There is a need for improvements in risk-based methods for quality control.

Methods
We provide an overview of a dynamic model for assay behavior. We demonstrate the practical application of the model using simulation and compare the performance of simple Shewhart QC monitoring against Westgard rules. We also demonstrate the utility of trade-off curves for analysis of QC performance.

Results
Westgard rules outperform simple Shewhart control over a narrow range of the trade-off curve of false-positive and false negative risk. The risk trade-off can be visualized in terms of risk, risk vs. cost, or in terms of cost. Risk trade-off curves can be “smoothed” by log transformation.

Conclusions
Dynamic risk-models may provide advantages relative to static models for risk-based QC analysis.
Problems of children’s involvement in interpreter-mediated meetings between their teachers and their parents
Authors: Baraldi Claudio , Ceccoli Federica 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper focuses on six interpreter-mediated interactions between teachers, migrant parents, and their children in Italian primary schools, a topic that has not yet been widely examined in the literature on public service interpreting. The analysis draws on audio-recorded interpreter-mediated interactions collected in Italy during a European Horizon 2020 project. The paper shows the barriers that exist in engaging children in these interactions. The difficulties observed are varied and more challenging to overcome than those hindering parental involvement. While Childhood Studies shows that the important enhancement of children’s agency in social contexts needs particular non-hierarchical structures of interaction, in the analysed interpreter-mediated interactions the mutual positioning of teachers, parents and mediators does not allow this enhancement. Thus, the involved children stay silent, they provide minimal responses when addressed, they show feelings of distress, and their few initiatives are not supported by the other participants. The paper shows the reasons for the failure of both teachers’ actions and mediators’ coordination to involve children and support their exercise of agency.
Sediment provenance in the Northern South China Sea since the Late Miocene
Authors: Hu Zhe , Huang Baoqi , Geng Li , Wang Na 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The timing of the onset of Taiwan sediment input to the northern South China Sea (SCS) is still controversial even though many provenance proxies had been used. To analyze the change of Taiwan input since the Late Miocene (11.63–0 Ma), we applied the major-element-based proxies R
AK and R
KCN, combined with the published clay mineral and Sr–Nd isotope data, to study the sediment provenance near the northern SCS slope. The results show that significant Taiwan sediment input began at ∼6.5 Ma in the Late Miocene, consistent with the timing of Taiwan uplift. Moreover, Pearl River input increased after ∼3.6 Ma, corresponding to the sea level fall caused by the ice sheet expansion in the Northern Hemisphere. The Taiwan input increased during the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT, 1.25–0.7 Ma) because of the Northern Pacific Intermediate Water expansion. After the MPT, the Pearl River input re-increased in response to the lowered sea level in glacials. In general, tectonic activities such as the Taiwan uplift control the sediment provenance in the northern SCS from 6.5 to 3.6 Ma. After 3.6 Ma, as the weathering regime of Taiwan sediment became more stable, climate change became a more important factor in influencing sediment provenance.
The catalytic characteristics of 2-methylnaphthalene acylation with AlCl3 immobilized on Hβ as Lewis acid catalyst
Authors: Sun Jingjing , Jin Haibo , Mao Xuefeng , He Guangxiang , Li Junfang , Yan Zihao , Hu Fating , Ma Lei , Guo Xiaoyan , Yang Suohe 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The heterogeneous supported Lewis acid catalyst prepared by immobilization technology has high reaction activity. It is an environment-friendly catalyst. Using Lewis acid immobilized as the catalyst, 2-methyl-6-propionyl naphthalene is synthesized by Friedel–Crafts reaction with 2-methylnaphthalene and propionic anhydride, which has a good development prospect. A variety of AlCl3 catalysts supported by H-zeolite molecular sieves are prepared using the solvent reflux method in the paper. It is found that AlCl3/Hβ has better catalytic performance. The results showed that AlCl3/Hβ catalyst is mainly composed of L acid. The acid content of B acid and the specific surface area increase, and the pore volume and pore size decreases. With the increase in AlCl3 concentration, the acid content of strong acid, medium strong acid, and weak acid increases, but the solubility of AlCl3 in CHCl3 is limited. When the concentration of AlCl3 is too high, too much AlCl3 is deposited on the surface of the molecular sieve, which is useless to its binding with Si–OH. AlCl3/Hβ’s activity is higher when the concentration of AlCl3 is 3 g·L−1, and the solvent is refluxed for 8 h and calcined at 550°C for 3 h. Under these conditions, the conversion of 2-methylnaphthalene is 85.86%, and the yield of β,β-methyl propyl naphthalene is increased to 81.19%.
Current situation of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in a county hospital chest pain center during an epidemic of novel coronavirus pneumonia
Authors: Li Feng , Luo Rong , Wang Xiao-Ting , Jia Jun-Feng , Yu Xue-Ying 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Our object was to examine how the pre- and post-pandemic COVID-19 impacted the care of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients in county hospitals. Using January 20, 2020, as the time point for the control of a unique coronavirus pneumonia epidemic in Jieshou, 272 acute STEMI patients were separated into pre-epidemic (group A, n = 130) and epidemic (group B, n = 142). There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of mode of arrival, symptom onset-to-first medical contact time, door-to-needle time, door-to-balloon time, maximum hypersensitive cardiac troponin I levels, and in-hospital adverse events (P > 0.05). Emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was much less common in group B (57.7%) compared to group A (72.3%) (P = 0.012), and the proportion of reperfusion treatment with thrombolysis was 30.3% in group B compared to 13.1% in group A (P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥76 years, admission NT-proBNP levels ≥3,018 pg/ml, and combined cardiogenic shock were independent risk factors for death. Compared with thrombolytic therapy, emergency PCI treatment further reduced the risk of death in STEMI. In conclusion, the county hospitals treated more acute STEMI with thrombolysis during the COVID-19 outbreak.
Anticancer potential of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using a battery of in vitro tests
Authors: Alafaleq Nouf Omar , Alomari Alya , Khan Mohd Shahnawaz , Shaik Gouse M. , Hussain Afzal , Ahmed Faheem , Hassan Iftekhar , M. Alhazza Ibrahim , Alokail Majed S. , Alenad Amal Majed H. , Jabir Nasimudeen R. , Tabrez Shams 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This study synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using a facile microwave-assisted chemical route and evaluated them as potential anticancer candidates against breast and colon cancer cell lines. Numerous spectral characterization tools were used to study the optical properties, structure, and morphology of the prepared AuNPs. UV-Vis spectroscopy showed a characteristic peak at 517 nm, which confirms the formation of AuNPs. The crystalline structure of NPs was studied by X-ray diffraction, and the NPs’ shape and size were calculated with Field emission transmission electron microscopy. The synthesized AuNPs were found to be uniform in size in the range of 2–6 nm. A variety of biological tests, including MTT, scratch, real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and comet assays were adopted to assess the anticancer potential of these AuNPs in the studied cancer cell models. The findings suggested a cell-dependent cytotoxicity of AuNPs. Different cell viability of 40.3 and 66.4% were obtained for MCF-7 and HCT-116, respectively, at 5 µg/mL of AuNPs. The scratch assay showed AuNPs impede cell migration in a concentration-dependent manner in the MCF-7 cell line. On the other hand, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of apoptotic (p53, Bax, and caspase-3) and anti-apoptotic (BCl-2) genes revealed upregulation and downregulation of these genes, respectively, probably leading to its cytotoxicity. At 5 µg/mL concentration of AuNPs, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was found to be increased by 26.4 and 42.7%, respectively, in MCF-7 and HCT-116 cells. Similarly, comet assay demonstrated AuNPs induced DNA damage in the studied cancer cell lines. These findings suggest that the observed anticancer efficacy of AuNPs was driven by ROS generation. The synthesized AuNPs appeared to be a promising therapeutic against cancer cells. However, our in vitro data need to be confirmed and validated in ex vivo and in vivo models so that this NP can be further exploited for human use.