bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary insights into patient preparedness for knee or hip arthroplasty: a descriptive survey study
Authors: Naylor Justine M , Harris Ian A , Joon Sidhant , Boland Robert , Brady Bernadette , Ogul Shaniya , Mittal Rajat 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objective
Knowledge-based preparedness for surgery is achieved through education. It is unclear which of brief or extended education programs prior to knee or hip arthroplasty provides better patient preparedness. Using the Patient Preparedness for Surgery survey, we investigated whether people awaiting arthroplasty attending a hospital that provided education over multiple visits via a pre-surgery management program (‘Extended’) report superior preparedness compared to those attending a hospital in the same health district that only provides education at the pre-admission clinic assessment (‘Brief’).

Results
A consecutive sample of 128 people (n = 101, ‘Extended’, n = 27 ‘Brief’) completed the anonymized survey. COVID-19 related service disruptions undermined the sample size, reducing statistical power. The pre-specified superiority of the Extended program (a relative 20% more reporting ‘agree’/’strongly agree’) was not observed for ‘Overall preparedness’ [95% (Extended) vs. 89% (Brief), p = 0.36]. Between-group differences exceeding 20% relative superiority were observed for three preparedness sub-domains [‘Alternatives explained’ (52 vs. 33%, p = 0.09); ‘Prepared for home’ (85 vs. 57%, p < 0.01); ‘Recall of complications’ (42 vs 26%, p = 0.14)]. The preliminary findings suggest an extended education program potentially yields better patient-reported preparedness in some preparedness sub-domains, but not all.
Comparative analysis of active networks reveals the changes of key proteins and their interactions under different oxygen levels in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1
Authors: Xiong Chenwu , Tong Hua , He Xiaoqing , Ding Dewu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPurposeThe extracellular electron transfer (EET) capability enables electroactive microorganisms have a wide range of applications in energy production, wastewater treatment, bioremediation and chemical synthesis. Because the oxygen levels will sharply affect the EET process, we integrated transcriptome changes under different oxygen levels with protein–protein interaction (PPI) network to study the specific changes under these conditions in a typical electroactive microorganismShewanella oneidensisMR-1 (S. oneidensisMR-1).MethodsFirst, the mRNA expression data ofS. oneidensisMR-1 under different oxygen levels were integrated into its PPI network to construct the active protein networks. Then, we studied the changes of key proteins and their interactions by comparative analysis of multiple pairs of active networks.ResultsThe analysis of node centrality and its changes in the active networks under high and low oxygen levels shows that most of the key nodes in the network are ribosomes or proteins closely related to ribosomes. The results of our centrality versus centrality change analysis of nodes show that the two proteins FlgB and PetA are the largest changed proteins. Among these proteins, the FlgB protein is the structural component of flagella, while PetA protein is closely related to cytochromec. Furthermore, we also analyzed the changes in protein–protein interactions in the active networks under different oxygen levels, identified the key interactions in each pair of active networks, and finally screened out the key interaction Tig-RplX that exists in three pairs of active networks.ConclusionOur results indicate that the translational processes of proteins and the corresponding translation efficiency may play an important role before and after the activation of the EET process ofS. oneidensisMR-1. Furthermore, this study can also provide some guidance for identifying key proteins and interactions under different conditions for this species.
Differential costs for the non-adult ADHD population in Catalonia
Authors: Mora Toni , Puig-Junoy Jaume , Jacobs Rowena , Cid Jordi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAttention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is young children’s most common mental health disorder. We aim to provide causal estimates of the differential costs for the non-adult population with ADHD. We used longitudinal administrative data covering the non-adult population over five years and different healthcare providers (general practitioners, hospitalisations and emergency departments, visits to mental healthcare centres—day-care or hospitals) of 1,101,215 individuals in Catalonia (Spain). We also include the consumption of pharmaceuticals and cognitive therapies. We instrumented ADHD diagnosis by the probability of being diagnosed by the most visited healthcare provider based on individual monthly visits to the provider in which this visit was related to ADHD and the density of professionals in the different mental health providers. After using matching procedures to include a proper control group, we estimated two-part and finite mixture models. Our results indicate that ADHD children and adolescents displayed 610€ higher annual health direct costs compared to not diagnosed counterparts. We provide average costs disentangling the sample by age boundaries, gender, and comorbidities to offer values for cost-effective analyses and incremental costs after diagnosis, which is around 400€. A significant differential annual direct health cost for the non-adult population with ADHD is determined, which will be helpful for cost-effectiveness analysis and complete cost-of-illness studies.
The hindgut microbiome contributes to host oxidative stress in postpartum dairy cows by affecting glutathione synthesis process
Authors: Gu Fengfei , Zhu Senlin , Hou Jinxiu , Tang Yifan , Liu Jian-Xin , Xu Qingbiao , Sun Hui-Zeng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Dairy cows are susceptible to postpartum systemic oxidative stress (OS), which leads to significant production loss and metabolic disorders. The gut microbiota has been linked to host health and stress levels. However, to what extent the gut microbiota is associated with postpartum OS remains unknown. In this study, the contribution of the fecal microbiota to postpartum systemic OS and its underlying mechanisms were investigated by integrating 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metagenomics, and metabolomics in postpartum dairy cattle and by transplanting fecal microbiota from cattle to mice.

Results
A strong link was found between fecal microbial composition and postpartum OS, with an explainability of 43.1%. A total of 17 significantly differential bacterial genera and 19 species were identified between cows with high (HOS) and low OS (LOS). Among them, 9 genera and 16 species showed significant negative correlations with OS, and Marasmitruncus and Ruminococcus_sp._CAG:724 had the strongest correlations. The microbial functional analysis showed that the fecal microbial metabolism of glutamine, glutamate, glycine, and cysteine involved in glutathione synthesis was lower in HOS cows. Moreover, 58 significantly different metabolites were identified between HOS and LOS cows, and of these metabolites, 19 were produced from microbiota or cometabolism of microbiota and host. Furthermore, these microbial metabolites were enriched in the metabolism of glutamine, glutamate, glycine, and cysteine. The mice gavaged with HOS fecal microbiota had significantly higher OS and lower plasma glutathione peroxidase and glutathione content than those orally administered saline or LOS fecal microbiota.

Conclusions
Integrated results suggest that the fecal microbiota is responsible for OS and that lower glutathione production plays a causative role in HOS. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms of postpartum OS and potential regulatory strategies to alleviate OS in dairy cows.
Long term worsening of amyloid pathology, cerebral function, and cognition after a single inoculation of beta-amyloid seeds with Osaka mutation
Authors: Célestine Marina , Jacquier-Sarlin Muriel , Borel Eve , Petit Fanny , Perot Jean-Baptiste , Hérard Anne-Sophie , Bousset Luc , Buisson Alain , Dhenain Marc 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by intracerebral deposition of abnormal proteinaceous assemblies made of amyloid-β (Aß) peptides or tau proteins. These peptides and proteins induce synaptic dysfunctions that are strongly correlated with cognitive decline. Intracerebral infusion of well-defined Aβ seeds from non-mutated Aβ1-40 or Aβ1-42 peptides can increase Aβ depositions several months after the infusion. Familial forms of AD are associated with mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) that induce the production of Aβ peptides with different structures. The Aβ Osaka (Aβosa mutation (E693Δ)) is located within the Aβ sequence and thus the Aβosa peptides have different structures and properties as compared to non-mutated Aβ1-42 peptides (Aβwt). Here, we wondered if a single exposure to this mutated Aβ can worsen AD pathology as well as downstream events including cognition, cerebral connectivity and synaptic health several months after the inoculation. To answer this question we inoculated Aβ1-42-bearing Osaka mutation (Aβosa) in the dentate gyrus of APPswe/PS1dE9 mice at the age of two months. Their cognition and cerebral connectivity were analyzed at 4 months post-inoculation by behavioral evaluation and functional MRI. Aβ pathology as well as synaptic density were evaluated by histology. The impact of Aβosa peptides on synaptic health was also measured on primary cortical neurons. Remarkably, the intracerebral administration of Aβosa induced cognitive and synaptic impairments as well as a reduction of functional connectivity between different brain regions, 4 months post-inoculation. It increased Aβ plaque depositions and increased Aβ oligomers. This is the first study showing that a single, sporadic event as Aβosa inoculation can worsen the fate of the pathology and clinical outcome several months after the event. It suggests that a single inoculation of Aβ regulates a large cascade of events for a long time.

Graphical Abstract
Effect of transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation on the fatigue syndrome in patients with gastrointestinal cancers — FATIVA: a randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study protocol
Authors: Gierthmuehlen Mortimer , Höffken Nadine , Timmesfeld Nina , Schmieder Kirsten , Reinacher-Schick Anke 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is defined as a “distressing, persistent, subjective sense of physical, emotional, and/or cognitive tiredness or exhaustion related to cancer or cancer treatment that is not proportional to recent activity and interferes with usual functioning.” CRF is frequently observed in cancer patients even before the initiation of tumor therapy. Its cause is not clear, but in addition to primary effects of therapy, a tumor-induced elevated level of inflammatory cytokines may play a role. Transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation (taVNS) is a noninvasive way to activate central nervous pathways and modulate pain perception and the immune system. It has positive effects on autoimmune conditions and can also improve fatigue associated with Sjogren’s syndrome. It is the main purpose of this feasibility study to investigate the feasibility of daily taVNS against CRF. Therefore, the stimulation protocol of the newly introduced smartphone app of the manufacturer is evaluated. Additionally, the effect taVNS on CRF and quality of life (QoL) shall be evaluated.

Methods
Thirty adult patients with gastrointestinal tumors during or after treatment, relevant CRF (Hornheide questionnaire) and life expectancy > 1 year, are enrolled. Patients are randomized to treatment or sham arm and be informed that they will either feel the stimulation or not. Treatment group will receive left-sided tragus above-threshold stimulation with 25 Hz, 250 µs pulse width, and 28-s/32-s on/off paradigm for 4 h throughout the day for 4 weeks. Sham group will receive no stimulation via a nonfunctional electrode. A daily stimulation protocol with time and average intensity is automatically created by a smartphone app connected to the stimulator via Bluetooth®. Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20, Short-Form 36 and Beck Depression Inventory questionnaires will be filled out before and after 4 weeks of stimulation.

Discussion
Primarily, the patients’ daily stimulation time and intensity will be evaluated through the electronic protocol after 4 weeks. Secondarily, the effect of taVNS on cancer-related fatigue and QoL will be measured through the questionnaires. As taVNS seems to modulate inflammatory cytokines, this noninvasive method may — if accepted by the patients — be a promising adjunct in the treatment of cancer-related fatigue.

Trial registration
The study was approved by local ethics committee (21–7395) and registered at the DRKS database (DRKS00027481).
Beyond gender mainstreaming: transforming humanitarian action, organizations and culture
Authors: Gupta Geeta Rao , Grown Caren , Fewer Sara , Gupta Reena , Nowrojee Sia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe United Nations and major humanitarian organizations have made policy commitments to promote gender equality and empower women and girls. This study assesses the extent to which humanitarian responses have met these commitments based on reviews of gender mainstreaming, textual analysis of policy and program cycle documents, and interviews with humanitarian actors. The analysis reveals that while gender mainstreaming may raise awareness and make fixes at the margins, its focus has been limited to altering internal processes rather than emphasizing results for women and men and girls and boys. Our study also analyzes the cultural and institutional context in which gender mainstreaming takes place. The culture of humanitarian organizations has been characterized as hierarchical and driven by a short-term crisis response with a distinctly macho style of functioning, which is misaligned with gender mainstreaming. We propose replacing gender mainstreaming with a results-focused approach rooted in behavioral science that uses evidence of the conscious and non-conscious drivers of human behavior to address problems, alongside other efforts to change the internal culture of humanitarian organizations.
DNA polymerase κ suppresses inflammation and inflammation-induced mutagenesis and carcinogenic potential in the colon of mice
Authors: Hakura Atsushi , Sui Hajime , Seki Yuki , Sonoda Jiro , Yoshida Yusaku , Takagi Hisayoshi , Yokose Shigeo , Matsuda Tomonari , Asakura Shoji , Nohmi Takehiko 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Chronic inflammation induces DNA damage and promotes cell proliferation, thereby increasing the risk of cancer. DNA polymerase κ (Pol κ), involved in translesion DNA synthesis, counteracts mutagenesis induced by inflammation in the colon of mice. In the present study, we examined whether Pol κ suppressed inflammation-induced colon tumorigenesis by treating inactivated Polk knock-in (Polk−/−) mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), an inducer of colon inflammation.

Results
Male and female Polk−/− and Polk+/+ mice were administered 2% DSS in drinking water for six consecutive days, succeeded via a recovery period of 16 days, followed by 2% DSS for another two days. DSS treatment strongly induced colitis, and the severity of colitis was higher in Polk−/− mice than in Polk+/+ mice. The mice were sacrificed after 19 weeks from the initiation of the first DSS treatment and subjected to pathological examination and mutation analysis. DSS treatment induced colonic dysplasia, and the multiplicity of dysplasia was higher in Polk−/− mice than in Polk+/+mice. Some of the dysplasias in Polk−/− mice exhibited β-catenin-stained nucleus and/or cytoplasm. Mutation frequencies in the gpt reporter gene were increased by DSS treatment in Polk−/− mice, and were higher than those in Polk+/+ mice.

Conclusions
Pol κ suppresses inflammation and inflammation-induced dysplasia as well as inflammation-induced mutagenesis. The possible mechanisms by which Pol κ suppresses colitis- and colitis-induced dysplasia are discussed.
Are there placebo or nocebo effects in balancing performance?
Authors: Horváth Áron , Szabo Attila , Gál Vera , Suhaj Csilla , Aranyosy Blanka , Köteles Ferenc 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPlacebo and nocebo effects could influence the perceived, actual, or both postural stabilities. Therefore, this experiment examined whether postural stability is susceptible to placebo and nocebo effects. Driven by expectations, these cognitions could influence the motor stability of people in physical rehabilitation and those with motion instability. We randomly assigned 78 participants to a placebo, nocebo, or control group. Then, we applied a sham sports cream with positive, negative, or neutral instructions about its impact on balance. Next, we tested postural stability with a modified version of the Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction in Balance, including standard, proprioceptive, visual, and vestibular tests before and after the intervention. Further, we measured expected and perceived performance with visual analog scales and assessed trait anxiety, change in state anxiety, optimism, holistic thinking, persistence, and cooperation with questionnaires. The intervention did not affect actual test performances; similarly, trait and state variables and expectations did not have an impact. Furthermore, the experimental manipulation and trait and state variables did not significantly affect perceived performance. However, the association between expectation and perceived performance was strong (ϱ = 0.627, p < 0.001). These findings suggest that postural stability is not susceptible to placebo and nocebo influences. Still, there is a dissociation between objective and subjective performance, showing that expectations impact perceived but not actual performance, which could fuel motivation in rehabilitation settings.
Tirzepatide as Monotherapy Improved Markers of Beta-cell Function and Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes (SURPASS-1)
Authors: Lee Clare J , Mao Huzhang , Thieu Vivian T , Landó Laura Fernández , Thomas Melissa K 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Context
Tirzepatide is a glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist approved for treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). SURPASS-1, a phase 3 trial of tirzepatide monotherapy in people with early T2D, enables evaluating effects of tirzepatide on pancreatic beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity (IS) without other background antihyperglycemic medications.

Objective
Explore changes in biomarkers of beta-cell function and IS with tirzepatide monotherapy.

Design
Post hoc analyses of fasting biomarkers with analysis of variance and mixed model repeated measures.

Setting
Forty-seven sites in 4 countries.

Patients
Four hundred seventy-eight T2D participants.

Intervention
Tirzepatide (5, 10, 15 mg), placebo.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Analyze biomarkers of beta-cell function and IS at 40 weeks.

Results
At 40 weeks, markers of beta-cell function improved with tirzepatide monotherapy vs placebo with reductions from baseline in fasting proinsulin levels (49-55% vs −0.6%) and in intact proinsulin/C-peptide ratios (47-49% vs −0.1%) (P &lt; .001, all doses vs placebo). Increases from baseline in homeostatic model assessment for beta-cell function (computed with C-peptide) (77-92% vs −1.4%) and decreases in glucose-adjusted glucagon levels (37-44% vs +4.8%) were observed with tirzepatide vs placebo (P &lt; .001, all doses vs placebo). IS improved as indicated by reductions from baseline in homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (9-23% vs +14.7%) and fasting insulin levels (2-12% vs +15%), and increases in total adiponectin (16-23% vs −0.2%) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (38-70% vs +4.1%) with tirzepatide vs placebo at 40 weeks (P ≤ .031, all doses vs placebo, except for fasting insulin levels with tirzepatide 10 mg).

Conclusions
As monotherapy for early T2D, tirzepatide achieved significant improvements in biomarkers of both pancreatic beta-cell function and IS.
Zika virus-induces metabolic alterations in fetal neuronal progenitors that could influence in neurodevelopment during early pregnancy
Authors: Gilbert-Jaramillo Javier , Purnama Ujang , Molnár Zoltán , James William S. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Cortical development consists of an orchestrated process in which progenitor cells exhibit distinct fate restrictions regulated by time-dependent activation of energetic pathways. Thus, the hijacking of cellular metabolism by Zika virus (ZIKV) to support its replication may contribute to damage in the developing fetal brain. Here, we showed that ZIKV replicates differently in two glycolytically distinct pools of cortical progenitors derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), which resemble the metabolic patterns of quiescence (early hi-NPCs) and immature brain cells (late hi-NPCs) in the forebrain. This differential replication alters the transcription of metabolic genes in both pools of cortical progenitors but solely upregulates the glycolytic capacity of early hi-NPCs. Analysis using Imagestream® revealed that, during early stages of ZIKV replication, in early hi-NPCs there is an increase in lipid droplet abundance and size. This stage of ZIKV replication significantly reduced the mitochondrial distribution in both early and late hi-NPCs. During later stages of ZIKV replication, late hi-NPCs show reduced mitochondrial size and abundance. The finding that there are alterations of cellular metabolism during ZIKV infection which are specific to pools of cortical progenitors at different stages of maturation may help to explain the differences in brain damage over each trimester.