bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Tibial Tubercle–Trochlear Groove Distance With Risk of ACL Graft Failure
Authors: Chen Kallie J. , Lee Eric J. , Kliethermes Stephanie A. , Scerpella Tamara A. 
Published: June 2023

Background: Limited evidence suggests a positive correlation between tibial tubercle–trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance and the risk of native anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear. The relationship between TT-TG distance and the risk of ACL graft failure is unknown. Hypothesis: TT-TG distance is independently associated with risk of ACL graft failure. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: All patients who underwent ACL revision surgery between 2010 and 2018 at a single institution were identified. A control cohort underwent primary ACL reconstruction (ACLR) between 2006 and 2015, with no evidence of graft failure at 8.1 ± 2.5 years postoperatively. Record review included anthropometrics, graft type, and estimated Tegner activity score at ≥6 months after primary ACLR. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans after native ACL tear (controls) or graft failure (revision cohort) were assessed for (1) TT-TG distance, (2) proximal tibial slopes, (3) depth of tibial plateau concavity, and (4) tunnel position (revision cohort). Associations between ACL graft failure and MRI measurements, surgical variables, and patient characteristics were evaluated with logistic regression analyses. Sensitivity analyses, excluding patients with tunnel malposition, were performed to confirm multivariable results in patients with “ideal” tunnel placement. Results: Participants included 153 patients who underwent revisions and 144 controls. Controls were older than the patients who underwent revision (26.6 ± 8.8 vs 20.6 ± 7.3 years; P < .001). The mean TT-TG distance and lateral posterior tibial slope (PTS) were smaller for the control group than for the revision group (TT-TG: 9.3 ± 3.9 vs 11.2 ± 4.2 mm; P < .001; lateral PTS: 6.2° ± 3.3° vs 7.2° ± 3.6°; P = .01). TT-TG distance, lateral PTS, and age were associated with risk of ACL graft failure by multivariable analysis (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.07-1.23; P < .001; OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.04-1.22; P = .004; and OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.87-0.94; P < .001, respectively). With sensitivity analyses, TT-TG distance, lateral PTS, and age at index surgery remained significantly and independently associated with ACL graft failure. Conclusion: Increased TT-TG distance, increased lateral PTS, and younger age are independently associated with increased odds of ACL graft failure. Patients with these characteristics may require a more comprehensive strategy to reduce the risk of ACL reinjury.
The impact of obesity on ocular hemodynamics and choroidal thickness
Authors: Tufek Melek , Nalcacioglu Pinar , Capraz Mustafa , Varol Kenan , Kaya Ahmet Turan , Aydın Nihat , Kara Caner 
Published: June 2023

Background: Obesity affects microvascular structures. The effect of obesity on the ocular vascular system can be evaluated by changes in the choroidal thickness (CT) and retrobulbar blood flow (RBF). Objectives: To evaluate the CT and RBF parameters in obese patients with various body mass index (BMI) values and compare these parameters with normal weight, healthy subjects. Design: A prospective study. Methods: The study included 102 eyes of 102 female patients. Patients were divided into three groups according to BMI as group 1 with a BMI of 18.5–24.99 ( n = 32), normal weight group; group 2 with a BMI of 30–34.99 ( n = 35), as obese class I; and group 3 with a BMI of 35–39.99 ( n = 35), as obese class II. The peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), resistive index, and pulsatility index values of the central retinal artery (CRA) and ophthalmic artery (OA) were evaluated with color Doppler ultrasonography. CT was measured at the subfoveal area and at 500-µm intervals nasal and temporal to the fovea up to a distance of 1500 µm by using the enhanced depth imaging technique of optical coherence tomography. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured with a Goldmann applanation tonometry. Results: There was a significant difference in IOP values within the groups with the highest values in group 3 (17.6 ± 2.1 mmHg) and the lowest in group 1 (12.4 ± 1.7 mmHg). The CT in groups 2 and 3 was found to be statistically significantly lower than that in group 1 at all measurement points ( p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant negative correlation between CT at all measurement points and BMI ( p < 0.001). The mean CRA PSV, EDV, and OA EDV values were statistically significantly lower in each obese group than those values in group 1 ( p < 0.001). The OA PSV values were significantly lower in group 3 (36.5 ± 5.9 cm/s) than those in group 2 (43.8 ± 4 cm/s) and group 1 (44.6 ± 5.2 cm/s) ( p < 0.001). Also, significant associations were found between BMI and CRA PSV, CRA EDV, and OA PSV values ( p < 0.001). Conclusion: Obesity may predispose to eye pathologies by changing the ocular vascular circulation.
Gender differences of fatigue in the workplace for surgeons
Authors: Merriman Jacob Thomas , Humphries James E , Ferrero Roberto , Hennessey Iain 
Published: June 2023

Purpose Previous literature identifies increased burnout in female surgeons and contributors to fatigue outside of work. However, it is not yet understood whether there are gender discrepancies of contributors to fatigue or coping mechanisms for workplace fatigue in surgeons. This study aims to identify gender differences in causes of fatigue, how fatigue occurs and any interventions/strategies that surgeons may use/know to try and mitigate the effects of fatigue. Methods Using an online questionnaire at a single hospital in England, the questionnaire asked whether surgeons had been subject to any contributors to fatigue at work and what contributes to their fatigue at work using a list of multiple-choice answers. Results 97% of surgeons suffer from at least one contributor to fatigue. Females were statistically more likely to suffer from musculoskeletal injuries at work than males and more likely to suffer from mental exhaustion. Females were significantly more likely to contribute fatigue to prolonged static postures, lack of control during the shift and high levels of demand. To mitigate fatigue, females were significantly more likely to change positions whilst operating. Males were less reluctant to adopt Microbreaks during surgery to reduce musculoskeletal fatigue. Conclusions Our analysis identifies gender differences with coping mechanisms and the onset of fatigue. There is still a stigma attached to workplace fatigue in surgeons. Acknowledgement of these gender differences in fatigue is critical to reducing the statistical likelihood of fatigue onset in both genders. Further research should identify whether surgical operating rooms are adequately suitable for females.
Employee Perceptions of the COVID-19 Pandemic Management in Construction Sector: A Survey-Based Study of Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury Showaib Ahmed , Islam Shahrin 
Published: June 2023

PurposeThis article aims to signify the influences of the COVID-19 outbreak on the construction sector which resulted in project setbacks, labor shortages, work cuts, time and expense overruns, and financial uncertainty that significantly disrupted major infrastructure development programs worldwide.ApproachIn order to assess the current perception of the construction sector fighting with COVID-19, an online-based semi-structured and self-reported questionnaire survey was conducted from November 23 to November 30, 2020, involving the Project Manager, Managing Director, Project Engineer, Architect/designer, and Site Engineer. Therefore, raw data were documented (edited, sorted, and coded) by using Microsoft Excel 2019 which was later imported to IBM SPSS version 25.0 to analyze frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviations, ANOVA, and chi-square tests.FindingsThe majority of the respondents claimed that they have experienced financial and mental difficulties in the forms of losing their job, temporary suspension, deduction in salary, no festival bonus, delayed payment, etc. Participants demanded strict monitoring systems, sufficient medical facilities, and exact pandemic mitigation policies in both the workplace and nationwide. Furthermore, it is vital that the policy-makers should review the strategies and make the necessary adjustments to address any potential problems that arise once in a while like COVID-19.OriginalityThis research will contribute to refined personnel management by analyzing the insight impacts of this pandemic prior to precarious shutoff. Policymakers will surely find it helpful enough for reviewing the current and longer-term impacts of this crisis to organize the plans and implementations regarding effective pandemic management.
Profiling the Australasian paramedicine tertiary academic sector and workforce: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Simpson Paul , Barr Nigel , Reid David , Boyle Malcolm , Williams Brett 
Published: June 2023

Introduction In 1994, the first Australasian paramedicine tertiary program commenced as an off-campus offering not required as an entry-to-practice qualification A quarter of a century later, university programs have proliferated with tertiary qualifications becoming mandatory to acquire Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency registration. Despite this progression, concerns have been voiced regarding student enrolment volume and sustainability of the paramedicine academic workforce. To date, a census of the sector and the workforce has not been conducted, limiting capacity for data-informed strategic planning. The aim of this study was to profile the Australasian paramedicine tertiary sector and describe the academic workforce working in it. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2022 using an online survey designed specifically for this research. The participants were discipline leaders from 19 universities or polytechnics offering entry-to-practice courses in Australia and New Zealand. Participants were asked to provide data on their course structure, organisational position, student enrolment loads and academic and non-academic staffing profiles. Simple descriptive statistics were generated to describe these data. Results Of the 19 eligible programs, 18 participated (response rate 90%). All but one course was at the undergraduate level; of the undergraduate courses, all but one were 3 years in duration. The academic workforce comprised 161 full-time or fractional and 727 casual paramedicine academics. Of the full-time academics, 131/161 were registered, with 45% of those holding ‘non-practicing’ status. Twenty-nine paramedicine academics (18%) had PhDs. There was 1 Professor and 10 Associate Professors, whilst 65% overall were Lecturers or Associate Lecturers. Conclusion This analysis represents the first description of the Australasian paramedicine tertiary sector. It reveals a diverse sector with large student enrolments and diverse course structures. The seniority of the academic workforce is skewed substantially towards lower academic levels; this shortfall in senior academics creates risk for the sector and may be symptomatic of a workforce sustainability issue.
Tribological Mechanism of Graphene and Ionic Liquid Mixed Fluid on Grinding Interface under Nanofluid Minimum Quantity Lubrication
Authors: Wang Dexiang , Zhang Yu , Zhao Qiliang , Jiang Jingliang , Liu Guoliang , Li Changhe 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGraphene has superhigh thermal conductivity up to 5000 W/(m·K), extremely thin thickness, superhigh mechanical strength and nano-lamellar structure with low interlayer shear strength, making it possess great potential in minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) grinding. Meanwhile, ionic liquids (ILs) have higher thermal conductivity and better thermal stability than vegetable oils, which are frequently used as MQL grinding fluids. And ILs have extremely low vapor pressure, thereby avoiding film boiling in grinding. These excellent properties make ILs also have immense potential in MQL grinding. However, the grinding performance of graphene and ionic liquid mixed fluid under nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication (NMQL), and its tribological mechanism on abrasive grain/workpiece grinding interface, are still unclear. This research firstly evaluates the grinding performance of graphene and ionic liquid mixed nanofluids (graphene/IL nanofluids) under NMQL experimentally. The evaluation shows that graphene/IL nanofluids can further strengthen both the cooling and lubricating performances compared with MQL grinding using ILs only. The specific grinding energy and grinding force ratio can be reduced by over 40% at grinding depth of 10 μm. Workpiece machined surface roughness can be decreased by over 10%, and grinding temperature can be lowered over 50 ℃ at grinding depth of 30 μm. Aiming at the unclear tribological mechanism of graphene/IL nanofluids, molecular dynamics simulations for abrasive grain/workpiece grinding interface are performed to explore the formation mechanism of physical adsorption film. The simulations show that the grinding interface is in a boundary lubrication state. IL molecules absorb in groove-like fractures on grain wear flat face to form boundary lubrication film, and graphene nanosheets can enter into the grinding interface to further decrease the contact area between abrasive grain and workpiece. Compared with MQL grinding, the average tangential grinding force of graphene/IL nanofluids can decrease up to 10.8%. The interlayer shear effect and low interlayer shear strength of graphene nanosheets are the principal causes of enhanced lubricating performance on the grinding interface. EDS and XPS analyses are further carried out to explore the formation mechanism of chemical reaction film. The analyses show that IL base fluid happens chemical reactions with workpiece material, producing FeF2, CrF3, and BN. The fresh machined surface of workpiece is oxidized by air, producing NiO, Cr2O3 and Fe2O3. The chemical reaction film is constituted by fluorides, nitrides and oxides together. The combined action of physical adsorption film and chemical reaction film make graphene/IL nanofluids obtain excellent grinding performance.
Vegetable Oil-Based Nanolubricants in Machining: From Physicochemical Properties to Application
Authors: Zhang Xiaotian , Li Changhe , Zhou Zongming , Liu Bo , Zhang Yanbin , Yang Min , Gao Teng , Liu Mingzheng , Zhang Naiqing , Said Zafar , Sharma Shubham , Ali Hafiz Muhammad 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCutting fluid is crucial in ensuring surface quality and machining accuracy during machining. However, traditional mineral oil-based cutting fluids no longer meet modern machining’s health and environmental protection requirements. As a renewable, pollution-free alternative with excellent processing characteristics, vegetable oil has become an inevitable replacement. However, vegetable oil lacks oxidation stability, extreme pressure, and antiwear properties, which are essential for machining requirements. The physicochemical characteristics of vegetable oils and the improved methods’ application mechanism are not fully understood. This study aims to investigate the effects of viscosity, surface tension, and molecular structure of vegetable oil on cooling and lubricating properties. The mechanisms of autoxidation and high-temperature oxidation based on the molecular structure of vegetable oil are also discussed. The study further investigates the application mechanism and performance of chemical modification and antioxidant additives. The study shows that the propionic ester of methyl hydroxy-oleate obtained by epoxidation has an initial oxidation temperature of 175 ℃. The application mechanism and extreme pressure performance of conventional extreme pressure additives and nanoparticle additives were also investigated to solve the problem of insufficient oxidation resistance and extreme pressure performance of nanobiological lubricants. Finally, the study discusses the future prospects of vegetable oil for chemical modification and nanoparticle addition. The study provides theoretical guidance and technical support for the industrial application and scientific research of vegetable oil in the field of lubrication and cooling. It is expected to promote sustainable development in the manufacturing industry.
A Closed-Loop Dynamic Controller for Active Vibration Isolation Working on A Parallel Wheel-Legged Robot
Authors: Guo Fei , Wang Shoukun , Liu Daohe , Wang Junzheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractServing the Stewart mechanism as a wheel-legged structure, the most outstanding superiority of the proposed wheel-legged hybrid robot (WLHR) is the active vibration isolation function during rolling on rugged terrain. However, it is difficult to obtain its precise dynamic model, because of the nonlinearity and uncertainty of the heavy robot. This paper presents a dynamic control framework with a decentralized structure for single wheel-leg, position tracking based on model predictive control (MPC) and adaptive impedance module from inside to outside. Through the Newton-Euler dynamic model of the Stewart mechanism, the controller first creates a predictive model by combining Newton-Raphson iteration of forward kinematic and inverse kinematic calculation of Stewart. The actuating force naturally enables each strut to stretch and retract, thereby realizing six degrees-of-freedom (6-DOFs) position-tracking for Stewart wheel-leg. The adaptive impedance control in the outermost loop adjusts environmental impedance parameters by current position and force feedback of wheel-leg along Z-axis. This adjustment allows the robot to adequately control the desired support force tracking, isolating the robot body from vibration that is generated from unknown terrain. The availability of the proposed control methodology on a physical prototype is demonstrated by tracking a Bezier curve and active vibration isolation while the robot is rolling on decelerate strips. By comparing the proportional and integral (PI) and constant impedance controllers, better performance of the proposed algorithm was operated and evaluated through displacement and force sensors internally-installed in each cylinder, as well as an inertial measurement unit (IMU) mounted on the robot body. The proposed algorithm structure significantly enhances the control accuracy and vibration isolation capacity of parallel wheel-legged robot.
Task-Oriented Topology System Synthesis of Reconfigurable Legged Mobile Lander Integrating Active and Passive Metamorphoses
Authors: Han Youcheng , Li Ziyue , Zhu Gaohan , Guo Weizhong , Yang Jianzhong , Liu Wei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTo explore hostile extraterrestrial landforms and construct an engineering prototype, this paper presents the task-oriented topology system synthesis of reconfigurable legged mobile lander (ReLML) with three operation modes from adjusting, landing, to roving. Compared with our preceding works, the adjusting mode with three rotations (3R) provides a totally novel exploration approach to geometrically matching and securely arriving at complex terrains dangerous to visit currently; the landing mode is redefined by two rotations one translation (2R1T), identical with the tried-and-tested Apollo and Chang’E landers to enhance survivability via reasonable touchdown buffering motion; roving mode also utilizes 2R1T motion for good motion and force properties. The reconfigurable mechanism theory is first brought into synthesizing legged mobile lander integrating active and passive metamorphoses, composed of two types of metamorphic joints and metamorphic execution and transmission mechanisms. To reveal metamorphic principles with multiple finite motions, the finite screw theory is developed to present the procedure from unified mathematical representation, modes and source phase derivations, metamorphic joint and limb design, to final structure assembly. To identify the prototype topology, the 3D optimal selection matrix method is proposed considering three operation modes, five evaluation criteria, and two topological subsystems. Finally, simulation verifies the whole task implementation process to ensure the reasonability of design.
Point-of-care pancreatic stone protein measurement in critically ill COVID-19 patients
Authors: Melegari Gabriele , Giuliani Enrico , Di Pietro Giulia , Alberti Francesco , Campitiello Mattia , Bertellini Elisabetta ,   Consortium, Rosa Alessandra , Pioda Arianna , Battaglia Paolo , Quarto Maddalena , Ferri Enrico , Barbieri Alberto 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionPancreatic stone protein (PSP) is a novel biomarker that is reported to be increased in pneumonia and acute conditions. The primary aim of this study was to prospectively study plasma levels of PSP in a COVID-19 intensive care unit (ICU) population to determine how well PSP performed as a marker of mortality in comparison to other plasma biomarkers, such as C reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT).MethodsWe collected clinical data and blood samples from COVID-19 ICU patients at the time of admission (T0), 72 h later (T1), five days later (T2), and finally, seven days later. The PSP plasma level was measured with a point-of-care system; PCT and CRP levels were measured simultaneously with laboratory tests. The inclusion criteria were being a critical COVID-19 ICU patient requiring ventilatory mechanical assistance.ResultsWe enrolled 21 patients and evaluated 80 blood samples; we found an increase in PSP plasma levels according to mixed model analysis over time (p < 0.001), with higher levels found in the nonsurvivor population (p < 0.001). Plasma PSP levels achieved a statistically significant result in terms of the AUROC, with a value higher than 0.7 at T0, T1, T2, and T3. The overall AUROC of PSP was 0.8271 (CI (0.73–0.93),p < 0.001). These results were not observed for CRP and PCT.ConclusionThese first results suggest the potential advantages of monitoring PSP plasma levels through point-of-care technology, which could be useful in the absence of a specific COVID-19 biomarker. Additional data are needed to confirm these results.Graphical Abstract