bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flood forecasting with Machine Learning in a scarce data layout
Authors: Defontaine Théo , Ricci Sophie , Lapeyre Corentin , Marchandise Arthur , Pape Etienne Le 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Flooding is one of the major natural disasters occurring in the world, with climate change increasing their occurrence and severity. Reliable flood forecasting models are needed to have better insurance in the emergency services’ actions. This work reflects the capacities of Machine Learning models to improve discharge prediction results from empirical lag and route models based on hourly measured water level at gauge stations on the Garonne River. With scarce flooding data (30000 points) over the last 15 years, several learning algorithms have been implemented to predict floods in Toulouse at a 6-hour lead time from upstream stations providing hourly observations. A Linear Regression, a Gradient Boosting Regressor (Machine Learning) and a MultiLayer Perceptron (Neural Network, Deep Learning) are compared, using various strategies for learning, validating and predicting. Preliminary results show that the various strategies score as well as the empirical lag and route model. Further improvements are being investigated regarding the constitution of learning and validation data bases. This paper highlights how AI algorithms allow to improve the reliability of flood forecasts and how the layout of the limited volume of data influences their performance.
Statistical evaluation on hydrologic performance of bioretention design parameters under different rainfall conditions
Authors: Tansar Husnain , Duan Huan-Feng , Mark Ole 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Effectiveness of a bioretention cell (BC) in mitigating stormwater peak flow load to an urban drainage system is highly dependent on the design configuration and retrofitting scale. The selection of appropriate BC design parameters has always been critical to achieving its maximum benefits. The BC modeling in the stormwater management model (SWMM) relies on numerous design parameters (in total of 18) with wide selection ranges, making parameter selection challenging. This study investigated the effect of hydrologic dynamics of BC design parameters under different rainfall conditions (i.e., intensity, duration, time-to-peak) on surface infiltration, surface outflow, and storage. Firstly, the seven influential BC design parameters (i.e., conductivity, berm height, vegetation volume, suction head, porosity, wilting point, and soil thickness) were selected based on one-factor-at-a-time (OAT) method, and 1000 random samples of each parameter were generated across the factor space by following respective uniform distributions. The simulations were performed with a python wrapper of SWMM (PySWMM) that used random samples for one parameter while leaving the others constant each time. In general, the statistical results of each parameter represent a significant variation in the volume distribution under various design rainfall conditions. Comparatively, the parameters of conductivity, berm height, and vegetation volume are categorized as the most influential compared to other BC design parameters for surface infiltration, storage, and surface outflow, respectively.
ONASP: A web application for groundwater data visualization in Panama
Authors: Castrellón María G. , Pauloo Richard A. , Popescu Ioana , Fábrega José 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Groundwater data in Panama is scattered and held by different institutions, which complicates water management decision-making. Integrating different data sources into a central, web-accessible location that displays near-real-time and accurate groundwater data will facilitate informed decision-making. In this paper, we present a web application to visualize the location and hydrographs associated with monitoring wells and rain gages from the La Villa Watershed, located in south-central Panama. The app was built using the R programming language and interactive elements from the shiny framework. It represents a first step towards organizing, centralizing, and making groundwater data in Panama web-accessible, to enable informed, evidence-based water management decisions.
A POD-based reduced order model applied to 1D shallow water equations
Authors: Solán-Fustero Pablo , Gracia José Luis , Navas-Montilla Adrián , García-Navarro Pilar 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Many environmental problems involving free surface flow can be solved using the shallow water equations (SWE) often involving high computational costs due to the large spatial and temporal scales of the events. In recent times, reduced order models (ROM) techniques are increasingly used to improve the computational efficiency of simulation models. The Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) method provides an orthogonal basis for representing a given set of data and constructing the ROM by means of the method of snapshots. In this work, a POD-based intrusive ROM strategy is applied to the 1D SWE. The main goal of this work is to build a simulation model able to reproduce realistic scenarios. We analyse the computational improvement and the accuracy of the ROM results with respect to those of the full-order model (FOM).
Understanding district metered area level leakage using explainable machine learning
Authors: Hayslep Matthew , Keedwell Edward , Farmani Raziyeh , Pocock Joshua 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Understanding the various interrelated effects that result in leakage is vital to the effort to reduce it. This paper aims to understand, at the district metered area (DMA) level, the relationship between leakage and static characteristics of a DMA, i.e. without considering pressure or flow. The characteristics used include the number of pipes and connections, total DMA volume and network density, as well as pipe diameter, length, age, and material statistics. Leakage, especially background and unreported leakage, can be difficult to accurately quantify. Here, the Average Weekly Minimum Night Flow (AWM) over the last 5 years is used as a proxy for leakage. While this may include some legitimate demand, it is generally assumed that minimum night flow, strongly correlates with leakage. A data-driven case study on over 800 real DMAs from UK networks is conducted. Two regression models, a decision tree model and an elastic net linear regression model, are created to predict the AWM of unseen DMAs. Reasonable accuracy was achieved, considering pressure is not an included feature, and the models are investigated for the most prominent features related to leakage.
Controllable and tunable plasma photonic crystals through a combination of photonic crystal and dielectric barrier discharge patterns
Authors: GUO Liting , PAN Yuyang , YU Guanglin , WANG Zhaoyang , GAO Kuangya , FAN Weili , DONG Lifang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We report five types of patterns with square symmetry, including three novel types obtained by inserting a specially designed grid photonic crystal (PC) into a dielectric barrier discharge system. They are studied using an intensified charge-coupled device camera and photomultiplier tubes. The three novel types of patterns are a square pattern with one structure, a square superlattice pattern with four sublattices and a (1/4)K
grid (K
grid is the basic wave vector of the grid), and another square pattern with a complex inversion discharge sequence. From the application viewpoint, the five types of patterns can be used as plasma photonic crystals (PPCs). Their band diagrams under a transverse-magnetic wave simulated by the finite element method show that there are a large number of band gaps. Compared with the original PC with only a unidirectional band gap, the five types of PPCs have tunable and omnidirectional band gaps, which is very important in controlling the propagation of electromagnetic waves in the mm-wave region. The experimental results enrich the pattern types in the dielectric barrier discharge system and provide a method for obtaining PPCs with symmetry controllability and bandgap tunability.
Different nitrogen acquirement and utilization strategies might determine the ecological competition between ferns and angiosperms
Authors: Zhang Chengming , Zhang Chaoqun , Azuma Takayuki , Maruyama Hayato , Shinano Takuro , Watanabe Toshihiro 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
The abundance or decline of fern populations in response to environmental change has been found to be largely dependent on specific physiological properties that distinguish ferns from angiosperms. Many studies have focused on water use efficiency and stomatal behaviours, but the effects of nutrition acquirement and utilization strategies on niche competition between ferns and flowering plants are rarely reported.

Methods
We collected 34 ferns and 42 angiosperms from the Botanic Garden of Hokkaido University for nitrogen (N), sulphur (S), NO3− and SO42− analysis. We then used a hydroponic system to compare the different N and S utilization strategies between ferns and angiosperms under N deficiency conditions.

Key Results
Ferns had a significantly higher NO3−-N concentration and NO3−-N/N ratio than angiosperms, although the total N concentration in ferns was remarkably lower than that in the angiosperms. Meanwhile, a positive correlation between N and S was found, indicating that nutrient concentration is involved in assimilation. Pteris cretica, a fern species subjected to further study, maintained a slow growth rate and lower N requirement in response to low N stress, while both the biomass and N concentration in wheat (Triticum aestivum) responded quickly to N deficiency conditions.

Conclusions
The different nutritional strategies employed by ferns and angiosperms depended mainly on the effects of phylogenetic and evolutionary diversity. Ferns tend to adopt an opportunistic strategy of limiting growth rate to reduce N demand and store more pooled nitrate, whereas angiosperms probably utilize N nutrition to ensure as much development as possible under low N stress. Identifying the effects of mineral nutrition on the evolutionary results of ecological competition between plant species remains a challenge.
Differences in temperature responses among phenological processes in diverse Ethiopian sorghum germplasm can affect their specific adaptation to environmental conditions
Authors: Tirfessa Alemu , McLean Greg , Baker Peter , Mortlock Miranda , Hammer Graeme , van Oosterom Erik 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Main shoot total leaf number (TLN) is a key determinant of plant leaf area and crop adaptation. Environmental factors other than photoperiod can affect TLN in sorghum, implying that leaf appearance rate (LAR) and development rate can differ in response to temperature. The objectives of this study were to determine (1) if temperature effects on TLN can be explained as a consequence of differences in temperature responses across phenological processes and (2) if genotypic differences in these responses can be linked to agroecological adaptation.

Methods
Nineteen sorghum genotypes were sown on 12 dates at two locations in Ethiopia with contrasting altitude, creating temperature differences independent of photoperiod. TLN and temperature were recorded in all experiments and LAR for six sowing dates.

Key Results
Eleven of the genotypes showed a temperature effect on TLN, which was associated with a significantly higher base temperature (Tbase) for LAR than for pre-anthesis development rate (DR). In contrast, genotypes with no effect of temperature on TLN had similar Tbase for LAR and DR. Across genotypes, Tbase for LAR and DR were highly correlated, but genotypes with low Tbase had the greatest difference in Tbase between the two processes. Genotypic differences were associated with racial grouping.

Conclusions
Genotypic and racial differences in responses of phenological processes to temperature, in particular in Tbase, can affect specific adaptation to agroecological zones, as these differences can affect TLN in response to temperature and hence canopy size and the duration of the pre-anthesis period. These can both affect the amount of water used and radiation intercepted pre-anthesis. A multi-disciplinary approach is required to identify genotype × environment × management combinations that can best capture the ensuing specific adaptation.
The starch-deficient plastidic PHOSPHOGLUCOMUTASE mutant of the constitutive crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) species Kalanchoë fedtschenkoi impacts diel regulation and timing of stomatal CO2 responsiveness
Authors: Hurtado-Castano Natalia , Atkins Elliott , Barnes Jerry , Boxall Susanna F , Dever Louisa V , Kneřová Jana , Hartwell James , Cushman John C , Borland Anne M 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is a specialized type of photosynthesis characterized by a diel pattern of stomatal opening at night and closure during the day, which increases water-use efficiency. Starch degradation is a key regulator of CAM, providing phosphoenolpyruvate as a substrate in the mesophyll for nocturnal assimilation of CO2. Growing recognition of a key role for starch degradation in C3 photosynthesis guard cells for mediating daytime stomatal opening presents the possibility that starch degradation might also impact CAM by regulating the provision of energy and osmolytes to increase guard cell turgor and drive stomatal opening at night. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the timing of diel starch turnover in CAM guard cells has been reprogrammed during evolution to enable nocturnal stomatal opening and daytime closure.

Methods
Biochemical and genetic characterization of wild-type and starch-deficient RNAi lines of Kalanchoë fedtschenkoi with reduced activity of plastidic phosphoglucomutase (PGM) constituted a preliminary approach for the understanding of starch metabolism and its implications for stomatal regulation in CAM plants.

Key Results
Starch deficiency reduced nocturnal net CO2 uptake but had negligible impact on nocturnal stomatal opening. In contrast, daytime stomatal closure was reduced in magnitude and duration in the starch-deficient rPGM RNAi lines, and their stomata were unable to remain closed in response to elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO2 administered during the day. Curtailed daytime stomatal closure was linked to higher soluble sugar contents in the epidermis and mesophyll.

Conclusions
Nocturnal stomatal opening is not reliant upon starch degradation, but starch biosynthesis is an important sink for carbohydrates, ensuring daytime stomatal closure in this CAM species.
Ex Vivo Product Distribution of Injectable Biostimulator Substances
Authors: Casabona Gabriela , Alfertshofer Michael , Kaye Kai , Frank Konstantin , Moellhoff Nicholas , Davidovic Kristina , Cotofana Sebastian 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Increasing demand for minimally invasive aesthetic treatments, such as injection of biostimulator substances to induce the production of extracellular matrix, has been reported. Recent studies have reported on a variety of different product characteristics influencing the integration and distribution of biostimulator substances after injection.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to analyze the ex vivo product integration and distribution behavior of 6 different biostimulator substances after injection.

Methods
A total of n = 21 abdominal soft tissue flaps were analysed by real-time ultrasound imaging with regards to horizontal and vertical spread of 6 different injected biostimulator substances—based on hydroxylapatite (HA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA)—immediately after injection and after massaging. The 6 different biostimulator substances were R-CaHA-based, H-CaHA-based, PCL-based, PLLA-1-based, PLLA-2-based and H-HA-based products.

Results
Overall, the R-CaHA-, H-CaHA-, and PCL-based substances showed greater product spread after massaging when compared with the product distribution immediately after the injection with all P &lt; .001 with the exception of the vertical dimension of the H-CaHA-based substance (P = .064). The PLLA-1-, PLLA-2-, and H-HA-based substances showed smaller product spread after massaging compared with the product distribution immediately after the injection with all P &lt; .001 with the exception of the horizontal dimension of the H-HA-based substance (P = .314), indicating higher tissue integration.

Conclusions
Different biostimulator substances behave differently when injected into subcutaneous soft tissues; differences exist at the level of initial product diffusion and during tissue integration.
B-cell and complement signature in severe hidradenitis suppurativa that does not respond to adalimumab
Authors: Hambly Roisin , Gatault Solene , Smith Conor M , Iglesias-Martinez Luis F , Kearns Sean , Rea Helen , Marasigan Vivien , Lynam-Loane Kate , Kirthi Shivashini , Hughes Rosalind , Fletcher Jean M , Kolch Walter , Kirby Brian 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder with significant morbidity. The pathogenesis remains incompletely understood although immune dysregulation plays an important role. It is challenging to treat and approximately 50% of patients respond clinically to adalimumab, the only licensed treatment.

Objectives
To examine differences between lesional and nonlesional HS skin at baseline using bulk RNA sequencing, and to compare the transcriptome in the skin before and after 12 weeks of treatment with adalimumab. To examine transcriptomic differences between adalimumab responders and nonresponders using Hidradenitis Suppurativa Clinical Response and the International Hidradenitis Suppurativa Severity Score System (IHS4); and to compare transcriptomic differences based on disease severity (Hurley stage and IHS4).

Methods
We completed bulk RNA sequencing on lesional and nonlesional skin samples of patients before and after 12 weeks of treatment with adalimumab.

Results
Baseline differentially expressed genes and pathways between lesional and nonlesional skin highlighted chemokines and antimicrobial peptides produced by keratinocytes; B-cell function; T-cell-receptor, interleukin-17 and nuclear factor-κB signalling; and T-helper-cell differentiation. Transcriptomic differences were identified in lesional skin at baseline, between subsequent responders and nonresponders. Patients with severe HS who did not respond to adalimumab had enriched complement and B-cell activation pathways at baseline. In addition, logistic regression identified CCL28 in baseline lesional HS skin as a potential biomarker of treatment response.

Conclusions
This highlights the potential for targeting B-cell and complement pathways in HS treatment and the potential of stratifying patients at baseline to the most suitable treatment based on the skin transcriptome. CCL28 has not previously been identified in HS skin and has potential clinical relevance due to its antimicrobial function and homing of B and T cells at epithelial surfaces. Our results provide data to inform future translational and clinical studies on therapeutics in HS.
Risk single-nucleotide polymorphism-mediated enhancer–promoter interaction drives keloids through long noncoding RNA down expressed in keloids
Authors: Deng Cheng-Cheng , Zhang Li-Xue , Xu Xue-Yan , Zhu Ding-Heng , Cheng Qing , Ma Shufeng , Rong Zhili , Yang Bin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Keloids represent one extreme of aberrant dermal wound healing and are characterized by fibroblast hyperproliferation and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Genetics is a major factor for predisposition to keloids and genome-wide association study has identified a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs873549 at 1q41 as a susceptibility locus. The SNP rs873549, and the SNPs in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) with rs873549, may be involved in keloid development. However, the functional significance of these SNPs in keloid pathogenesis remains elusive.

Objectives
To investigate the function and mechanism of SNP rs873549 and the SNPs in strong LD with rs873549 in keloids.

Methods
SNPs in strong LD with rs873549 were analysed using Haploview. The expression levels of the genes near the susceptibility locus were analysed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The interaction between rs1348270-containing enhancer and the long noncoding RNA down expressed in keloids (DEIK) (formerly RP11-400N13.1) promoter in fibroblasts was investigated using chromosome conformation capture. The enhancer activity of the rs1348270 locus was evaluated using luciferase reporter assay. Knockdown experiments were used to explore the function of DEIK in keloids. RNA-Seq was performed to investigate the mechanism by which DEIK regulates the expression of collagens POSTN and COMP.

Results
rs1348270, an enhancer-located SNP in strong LD with rs873549, mediated looping with the promoter of DEIK. The risk variant was associated with decreased enhancer–promoter interaction and DEIK down-expression in keloids. Mechanistically, downregulation of DEIK increased the expression of collagens POSTN and COMP through upregulating BMP2. Furthermore, correlation analysis revealed that DEIK expression was inversely correlated with BMP2, POSTN and COMP expression in both keloid and normal fibroblasts.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the risk variant rs1348270 is located in an enhancer and is associated with the downregulation of DEIK in keloids, and that downregulation of DEIK increases the expression of collagens POSTN and COMP through BMP2 in keloid fibroblasts. These findings will help to provide a more thorough understanding of the role played by genetic factors in keloid development and may lead to new strategies for screening and therapy in keloid-susceptible populations.