bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Translocator Protein Expression Between Tumefactive Multiple Sclerosis and Glioblastoma
Authors: Jensen Per , Blinkenberg Morten , Pinborg Lars Hageman 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This figure presents a comparison of molecular imaging of the translocator protein (TSPO) and contrast-enhanced MRI in 2 patients with tumefactive multiple sclerosis and glioblastoma, respectively. In the case of the tumefactive multiple sclerosis patient, TSPO uptake is primarily located centrally, while in the glioblastoma patient, TSPO uptake is predominantly situated peripherally to the central necrotic area. These findings suggest that TSPO imaging could be a noninvasive imaging technique for distinguishing between these 2 diagnoses.
SEPSIS UNIT IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT: IMPACT ON MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOME OF SEPTIC PATIENTS
Authors: Lafon Thomas , Baisse Arthur , Karam Henry Hani , Organista Alexandre , Boury Marion , Otranto Marcela , Blanchet Aloïse , Daix Thomas , François Bruno , Vignon Philippe 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Study hypothesis: Implementation of a new pathway dedicated to septic patients within the emergency department (ED) would improve early management, organ dysfunction, and outcome. Methods: During phase 1, all consecutive adult patients with infection and qualifying quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score upon ED admission were managed according to standards of care. A multifaceted intervention was then performed (implementation phase): educational program, creation of a sepsis alert upon ED admission incorporated in the professional software, together with severity scores and Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) bundle reminders, and dedication of two rooms to the management of septic patients (sepsis unit). During phase 2, patients were managed according to this new organization. Results: Of the 89,040 patients admitted to the ED over the two phases, 2,643 patients (3.2%) had sepsis including 277 with a qualifying qSOFA score on admission (phase 1, 141 patients; phase 2, 136 patients). Recommendations of SSC 3-h bundle significantly improved between the two periods regarding lactate measurement (87% vs. 96%, P = 0.006), initiation of fluid resuscitation (36% vs. 65%, P < 0.001), blood cultures sampling (83% vs. 93%, P = 0.014), and administration of antibiotics (18% vs. 46%, P < 0.001). The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score between H0 and H12 varied significantly more during phase 2 (1.9 ± 1.9 vs. 0.8 ± 2.6, P < 0.001). Mortality significantly decreased during the second phase, on day 3 (28% vs. 15%, P = 0.008) and on day 28 (40% vs. 28%, P = 0.013). Conclusion: Systematic detection, education, and per protocol organization with a sepsis unit dedicated to the early management of septic patients appear to improve compliance with SSC bundles, organ dysfunction, and short-term mortality. These results warrant to be confirmed by prospective studies.
Optic Neuritis After COVID-19 Vaccination: An Analysis of the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System
Authors: Jaffry Mustafa , Aftab Owais M. , Mostafa Fahad B. , Faiz Iqra , Jaffry Kazim , Mandava Kranthi , Rosario Sanjana , Jedidi Kamel , Khan Hafiz , Souayah Nizar 
Published: June 2023

Background:
To investigate the association of optic neuritis (ON) after the COVID-19 vaccines.

Methods:
Cases of ON from Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) were collected and divided into the prepandemic, COVID-19 pandemic, and COVID-19 vaccine periods. Reporting rates were calculated based on estimates of vaccines administered. Proportion tests and Pearson χ2 test were used to determine significant differences in reporting rates of ON after vaccines within the 3 periods. Kruskal–Wallis testing with Bonferroni-corrected post hoc analysis and multivariable binary logistic regression was used to determine significant case factors such as age, sex, concurrent multiple sclerosis (MS) and vaccine manufacturer in predicting a worse outcome defined as permanent disability, emergency room (ER) or doctor visits, and hospitalizations.

Results:
A significant increase in the reporting rate of ON after COVID-19 vaccination compared with influenza vaccination and all other vaccinations (18.6 vs 0.2 vs 0.4 per 10 million, P < 0.0001) was observed. However, the reporting rate was within the incidence range of ON in the general population. Using self-controlled and case-centered analyses, there was a significant difference in the reporting rate of ON after COVID-19 vaccination between the risk period and control period (P < 0.0001). Multivariable binary regression with adjustment for confounding variables demonstrated that only male sex was significantly associated with permanent disability.

Conclusions:
Some cases of ON may be temporally associated with the COVID-19 vaccines; however, there is no significant increase in the reporting rate compared with the incidence. Limitations of this study include those inherent to any passive surveillance system. Controlled studies are needed to establish a clear causal relationship.
Evaluation and Treatment of Severe SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia: A Scoping Review
Authors: Li Xiyue , Huang Jianbo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeSevere SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia remains incompletely understood. We aimed to summarize current evidence regarding clinical features, laboratory findings, and treatment of severe pneumonia.MethodsOnline databases were searched from December 1, 2019, to April 15, 2020 related to SARS-CoV-2. The titles and abstracts in English or Chinese for articles were screened. Studies containing more than 10 adult patients with severe pneumonia and presenting data on clinical features and laboratory findings were selected and extracted independently by two reviewers.ResultsWe identified a total of 13 articles including one from Italy representing the majority of cases, and the remainder from China. Over the 2,129 severe pneumonia in these 13 articles, the mean ages ranged from 49 to 64 years. Patients typically presented with hypertension as the most common comorbid factor, fever as the most common symptom, and acute respiratory distress syndrome as the most common complication. As compared to non-severe pneumonia, severe pneumonia featured lower counts of lymphocytes, CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, and higher levels of D-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase, IL-6 and IL-10. There is a lack of evidence for using antivirals, and a debate on using corticosteroids in treatment.ConclusionsThis is the first systematic summarization of the aspects of severe pneumonia. Older age, comorbidities, laboratory findings might be the predisposing factors of disease severity. Multicenter- and large population-designed studies, with confounding controlled and long enough to accommodate follow-ups, are urgently required to provide the guidance to disease management.
Detuning of the Ribosome Conformational Landscape Promotes Antibiotic Resistance and Collateral Sensitivity
Authors: Mesa Pablo , Jiménez-Fernández Alicia , Rosa Ruggero La , Espinosa Rocio , Johansen Helle Krogh , Molin Søren , Montoya Guillermo 
Published: June 2023

SUMMARYAround 50% of the current antibiotic arsenal targets the ribosome, thus resistance to ribosome-targeting antibiotics poses severe challenges to antimicrobial treatments. Here, we characterize a 12-nucleotide deletion in therplFgene encoding the uL6 ribosomal protein, which was identified in a tobramycin-resistant strain ofPseudomonas aeruginosaisolated from a cystic fibrosis patient. To understand this resistance, we determined 87 cryo-EM structures of wild-type and mutant ribosomes characterizing their conformational landscape. Our analysis reveals how detuning of the ribosome dynamics alters its rotational movement circumventing tobramycin inhibition. The mutation compromises the 50S assembly, triggering structural instability and inducing a different rotational dynamic of the 70S. We found 4 new binding sites of tobramycin, one of them exclusive of the mutant, where the binding of the antibiotic acts as an allosteric activator skipping inhibition. Our data also illustrate how chloramphenicol stabilizes the mutant ribosome, enhancing inhibition and thereby leading to collateral sensitivity.
Structural basis for flagellin induced NAIP5 activation
Authors: Paidimuddala Bhaskar , Cao Jianhao , Zhang Liman 
Published: June 2023

SummaryThe NAIP/NLRC4 inflammasome is activated when NAIP binds to a gram-negative bacterial ligand. Initially, NAIP exists in an inactive state with a wide-open conformation. Upon ligand binding, the winged helix domain (WHD) of NAIP is activated and forms steric clash with NLRC4 to open it up. However, how ligand binding induces the conformational change of NAIP is less clear. To understand this process, we investigated the dynamics of the ligand binding region of inactive NAIP5 and solved the cryo-EM structure of NAIP5 in complex with its specific ligand, FliC from flagellin, at 2.93 Å resolution. The structure revealed a “trap and lock” mechanism in FliC recognition, whereby FliC-D0Cis first trapped by the hydrophobic pocket of NAIP5, then locked in the binding site by the insertion domain (ID) and C-terminal tail (CTT) of NAIP5. The FliC-D0Ndomain further inserts into the loop of ID to stabilize the complex. According to this mechanism, FliC activates NAIP5 by bringing multiple flexible domains together, particularly the ID, HD2, and LRR domains, to form the active conformation and support the WHD loop in triggering NLRC4 activation.
Haplotype-phased genome revealed the butylphthalide biosynthesis and hybrid origin ofLigusticum chuanxiong
Authors: Nie Bao , Chen Xueqing , Hou Zhuangwei , Li Cheng , Sun Wenkai , Ji Jiaojiao , Zang Lanlan , Yang Song , Fan Pengxiang , Zhang Wenhao , Li Hang , Tan Yuzhu , Li Wei , Wang Li 
Published: June 2023

AbstractButylphthalide, one type of phthalides, is one of the first-line drugs for ischemic stroke therapy, while no enzyme involved in its biosynthesis pathway has been reported. Here, we present the first haplotype-resolved genome ofLigusticum chuanxiongHort., a long-cultivated and phthalide-rich medicinal plant in Apiaceae. Based on comprehensive candidate gene screening, four Fe (II)- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2OGDs) and two CYPs were mined and further biochemically verified as phthalide C-4/C-5 desaturase (P4,5Ds) that converts senkyunolide A to l-n-butylphthalide (l-NBP) and ligustilide to butylidenephthalide. The substrate promiscuity and functional redundancy featured for P4,5Ds may contribute to the high phthalide diversity inL. chuanxiong. Notably, comparative genomic evidence supportedL. chuanxiongas a diploid hybrid withL. sinenseas a potential parent. The two haplotypes demonstrated exceptional structure variance and diverged around 3.42 million years ago (Ma). Our study is an icebreaker for the dissection of phthalide biosynthesis pathway and reveals the hybrid origin ofL. chuanxiong. These findings will facilitate the future metabolic engineering for l-NBP production and breeding efforts forL. chuanxiong.
Pulsed ultrasound promotes secretion of anti-inflammatory extracellular vesicles from skeletal myotubes via elevation of intracellular calcium level
Authors: Yamaguchi Atomu , Maeshige Noriaki , Noguchi Hikari , Yan Jiawei , Ma Xiaoqi , Uemura Mikiko , Su Dongming , Kondo Hiroyo , Sarosiek Kristopher , Fujino Hidemi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe regulation of inflammatory responses is an important intervention in biological function and macrophages play an essential role during inflammation. Skeletal muscle is the largest organ in the human body and releases various factors which mediate anti-inflammatory/immune modulatory effects. Recently, the roles of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from a large variety of cells are reported. In particular, EVs released from skeletal muscle are attracting attention due to their therapeutic effects on dysfunctional organs and tissues. Also, ultrasound (US) promotes release of EVs from skeletal muscle. In this study, we investigated the output parameters and mechanisms of US-induced EV release enhancement and the potential of US-treated skeletal muscle-derived EVs in the regulation of inflammatory responses in macrophages. High-intensity US (3.0 W/cm2) irradiation increased EV secretion via elevating intracellular Ca2+level without negative effects. Moreover, US-induced EVs suppressed expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors in macrophages. miRNA sequencing analysis revealed that miR-206-3p and miR-378a-3p were especially abundant in skeletal myotube-derived EVs. In this study we demonstrated that high-intensity US promotes the release of anti-inflammatory EVs from skeletal myotubes and exert anti-inflammatory effects on macrophages.
Digital twins in MOOCs: exploring ways to enhance interactivity
Authors: Lexman Rahul R. , Baral Rupashree 
Published: June 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this conceptual paper is to inform the administrators, designers, trainers and scholars, and encourage conversations on the role of digital twin technologies in enhancing interactivity in the context of massive open online courses (MOOCs).

Design/methodology/approach
Drawing on a review of literature, this article highlights the concept of digital twins and discusses its potential applications on enhancing interactivity in MOOCs.

Findings
Findings of this conceptual paper highlights the significance of the emerging industry 4.0 technologies such as digital twins, in enhancing interactivity in a MOOC environment. Implementation of modern technologies such as digital twins and AI in MOOCs could guarantee access to comprehensive and equitable quality education and could expand the scope of lifelong learning for everyone.

Practical implications
This conceptual paper is particularly relevant to the post-pandemic context where organizations and educational institutions have both adopted a hybrid mode of learning. Inclusion of the interactive elements may provide better insights to the platform administrators, designers, trainers and to enhance levels of learner engagement in MOOC environments. Moreover, effective utilization of these technology driven learning models in future may have larger impacts in catering to meet the sustainable development goal (SDG-4) towards provision of quality education.

Originality/value
While past studies focused more on the conceptualization of human-to-human interactivity, the facets of human-to-platform interactivity remained largely unexplored. To our understanding, this paper is one of the initial attempts to conceptually highlight the applications of digital-twin technology to enhance human to platform interactivity in a MOOC context.
Leadership inclusion theory: a grounded theory study on hotel executives
Authors: Russen Michelle , Dawson Mary , Madera Juan M. , Kitterlin-Lynch Miranda , Abbott Jéanna L. 
Published: June 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to develop a theory that explains how organizations can create a more inclusive atmosphere on the individual, organizational and societal levels. The consequences of an inclusive environment were subsequently developed and explored.

Design/methodology/approach
Constructivist grounded theory methods were used to collect and analyze data from interviews with 20 hotel executives and their company websites.

Findings
The findings of this study produced a theoretical framework for inclusion in hotel leadership, leadership inclusion theory (LIT). The LIT states organizations must address individual differences, organizational policies and culture and societal norms to develop an inclusive environment. Equity follows inclusion as the value for individual differences makes equitable treatment easier. Finally, diversity increases through increased inclusion and equity.

Practical implications
The LIT describes steps for managers to take to develop an inclusive environment, establish equitable practices and increase diversity within an organization.

Social implications
The LIT highlights several unintended exclusion practices and generational attitudes that are common among organizations. By making conscious efforts, managers can take deliberate actions to establish a perceived environment of equality.

Originality/value
The LIT is a seminal theory-building effort grounded in hospitality. It explains the when and why of several phenomena related to inequality in the hotel industry and how to overcome such imbalances.
Cross-segment validation of customer support for AI-based service robots at luxury, fine-dining, casual, and quick-service restaurants
Authors: Wang Yao-Chin , Papastathopoulos Avraam 
Published: June 2023

Purpose
With the trend of adopting and studying artificial intelligence (AI) service robots at restaurants, the authors’ understanding of how customers perceive robots differently across restaurant segments remains limited. Therefore, building upon expectancy theory, this study aims to propose a trust-based mechanism to explain customers’ support for AI-based service robots.

Design/methodology/approach
For cross-segment validation, data were collected from online survey participants under the scenarios of experiencing AI service robots in luxury (n = 428), fine-dining (n = 420), casual (n = 409) and quick-service (n = 410) restaurant scenarios.

Findings
In all four segments, trust in technology increased willingness to accept AI service robots, which was then positively related to customers’ support for AI-based service robots. Meanwhile, customers’ AI performance expectancy mediated the relationship between trust in technology and willingness to accept AI service robots. On the other hand, at luxury, fine-dining and casual restaurants, males perceived a stronger positive relationship between trust in technology and AI performance expectancy. No generational differences were found in the four restaurant segments between trust in technology and AI performance expectancy.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the first attempts in hospitality research to examine cross-segment validation of customers’ responses to AI-based service robots in the luxury, fine-dining, casual and quick-service restaurant segments.
CSR disclosure and state ownership: implications for earnings management and market value
Authors: Garanina Tatiana 
Published: June 2023

PurposeThis paper explores the relationship between earnings management and firms' value through the moderating effect of the missing elements – corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure and state ownership in Russian companies. The main argument of the paper is that CSR disclosure can be used as a mitigating mechanism to weaken the negative relationship between earnings manipulation and market value. Additionally test whether state ownership is an important moderating factor in this relationship are conducted as state has always played an important role in the emerging Russian market.Design/methodology/approachThe hypotheses are tested on panel data for 223 publicly listed Russian firms for the period 2012–2018. A number of robustness tests are used to check the obtained results for consistency. Following previous research GMM method is employed to address endogeneity concerns.FindingsSupported by stakeholder theory, it is observed that firms that disclosed more CSR information experience a weaker negative relationship between earnings management and market value because investors and other stakeholders positively evaluate a positive CSR image. This negative effect of earnings management on market value is even weaker for state-owned companies as market participants appreciate involvement of state-owned companies in CSR activities and place greater expectations on these firms to be responsible without clear understanding whether these actions are “window dressing” for this type of companies or not.Originality/valueThe study results provide new insights into the relation between earnings management, firm's value, CSR disclosure and state ownership in emerging-market firms. The paper highlight the importance of considering country-specific factors, such as state ownership, while analysing the market reaction on CSR disclosure and earnings management since the institutional peculiarities may help to explain differences in the obtained results.
Knowledge seeking or sabotage? The effect of coworker relative overqualification on employee reaction from social comparison theory
Authors: Zhu Yanghao , Long Lirong , Xu Yunpeng , Zhang Yannan 
Published: June 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the phenomenon of knowledge transfer between employees and coworkers. That is, when and why employees engage in knowledge seeking or knowledge sabotage when confronted with coworkers with higher relative overqualification.

Design/methodology/approach
This study collected survey data from 315 employee-coworker pairs in East China at three-time points.

Findings
The results showed that when the cooperative goal interdependence between employee and coworker is high, the perception of coworker’s relative overqualification will cause benign envy of employees, which in turn promote employees to engage in knowledge seeking from coworker. However, when the competitive goal interdependence between employee and coworker is high, the perception of coworker’s relative overqualification will cause malicious envy of employees, which in turn promote employees to engage in knowledge sabotage toward coworker.

Originality/value
This research not only expands the theoretical perspective and outcomes of relative overqualification but also enriches the mechanism of knowledge seeking and knowledge sabotage. Meanwhile, this study also provides practical guidance for enterprises to reduce knowledge sabotage.
Libraries and librarians’ roles in ensuring cyberethical behaviour
Authors: Dunmade Aderinola Ololade , Tella Adeyinka 
Published: June 2023

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the role of libraries and librarians in promoting appropriate cyberethical behaviour among postgraduate students in Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachUsing content analysis and a review of relevant literature, this study examines the challenges that librarians face in enforcing cyberethics and highlights the strategies that libraries can adopt to promote responsible online behaviour.FindingsThis paper identifies the lack of awareness among postgraduate students regarding cybersecurity risks and the need for training and resources for librarians as key challenges in promoting cyberethics.Originality/valueThis study recommends that libraries provide access to training resources and develop policies and guidelines to promote cyberethics among postgraduate students. Overall, this paper argues that libraries and librarians can play a critical role in promoting responsible online behaviour and ensuring the safety and security of postgraduate students in Nigeria.