bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding Physiological Changes of the Muscle in Compartment Syndrome
Authors: Caruso Veronica , Saboori Parisa , Walker Graham 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Compartment Syndrome is experienced as chronic or acute pain of muscle compartments within extremities of the human body. It is a biological condition that is related to and diagnosed by large changes in the intramuscular compartment pressure (IMCP). Acute Compartment Syndrome (ACS) is known to be caused by injury local to the compartment, such as a bone fracture or extreme external impact. Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome (CECS) however has no known cause. Subsequent to swelling and increased IMCP, the pathophysiology of symptoms is explained, but the initial cause is unknown. In this study, data of various muscle properties was collected, and data analyses were run to determine significant correlating factors of muscles most affected by CECS. It is observed that affected muscles possess larger fiber length when at rest and undergo larger changes in tendon length (i.e. tendon slack) upon movement. During CECS, the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the muscle also increases due to increased blood perfusion, and subsequently the IMCP will increase. It is proven that there is a direct relationship between CECS and IMCP, but the physiological changes in the muscle, as well as external effects such as gait, are still being speculated.
Variation of Power Output From an OTEC Power Plant Based on Longterm Sea Surface Temperature Data Analysis
Authors: Costa Melvin , Prasad Reemal , Ali Muzammil , Khan M. G. M. , De Ramon N'Yeurt Antoine , Ahmed Mohammed Rafiuddin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Though natural resources are abundantly available for utilization of renewable energy sources, many Pacific Island countries continue to rely on fossil fuels. The use of fossil fuels is known to significantly contribute to climate change. Heavy reliance on fossil fuels also hinders the economic development of most of the Pacific Island Countries. To overcome these issues, the energy sector in Fiji is aiming to generate 100% of the required energy using renewables by 2036. One of the viable options which can contribute to this goal is Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) power. The standard OTEC cycle is a modified Carnot cycle and has low efficiency due to the small temperature difference it works with. In this work, we carried out resource assessment around Fiji to identify potential locations where an OTEC power plant can be installed as well as the conceptual design of a 1 MW net power OTEC plant and the variations in power output due to change in surface seawater temperatures (SSTs). Seawater temperature data (in-situ) between 2012–2022 for three locations were obtained and their seasonal, monthly, and diurnal variations were analysed to study the variation of power generation potential. The analysis shows that during the summer season (November to April), a higher temperature difference is available which results in higher power output and efficiency compared to the winter season. The maximum monthly average temperature difference between the surface and the deep sea (4°C) was recorded for March 2022 with a difference of 25.7°C in Suva. The winter month of August in 2015, had the minimum average temperature difference of 20.1°C in Beqa. The maximum surface temperature recorded during the measurement period was nearly 30.5°C (Suva). The analysis of diurnal variation of hourly averaged temperature showed an interesting trend of essentially constant temperature round the clock with the maximum recorded at 4 am. The net power was calculated for the 3 locations for seasonal, monthly and hourly variations. The net power that was estimated to be 1.15 MW for the maximum monthly average temperature, was reduced by about 63% for the minimum. Similarly, the gross power ranged between 1.7 to 2.4 MW for the temperature range. The net power loss increased from 5% to 16% for a drop in 0.5°C in SST from 30°C to 24°C.
Using Actor-Critic Reinforcement Learning for Control and Flight Formation of Quadrotors
Authors: Torres Edgar , Xu Lei , Sardarmehni Tohid 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper introduces a near-optimal controller for the control of quadrotors. A quadrotor is described as a complex, twelve-state system. The paper simplifies the controller by considering it as two levels, the upper-level (kinematics) six-state controller and the lower-level (kinetics) twelve-state controller. An actor-critic optimal controller generates the desired velocities in the upper-level control, and its parameters are tuned by reinforcement learning. The desired velocities are generated using the upper-level controller, which is then used to solve for the lower-level control algebraically. Simulation results are provided to show the effectiveness of the solution.
Novel Digital Twin Concept for Industrial Application. Study Case: Propulsion Drive System
Authors: Jegorov Sergei , Rassõlkin Anton , Rjabtšikov Viktor , Ibrahim Mahmoud , Kuts Vladimir 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper introduces a novel concept of interconnecting components of Digital Twins using ROS2 and micro-ROS frameworks. Authors of the research argue that middleware implementation plays the most important role in the performance of Digital Twins and its robustness must be ensured for reliable real-time operation between components of Digital Twins. Propulsion Drive System Digital Twin is presented where a permanent magnet synchronous motor testbench is interconnected with a virtual counterpart based on the motor’s analytical model for calculation of the motor’s angular velocity and torque. The interface between the motor of the Propulsion Drive System and its virtual counterpart is implemented on a basis of a microcontroller running micro-ROS, with ROS2 acting as a fundamental middleware. The suggested method of connecting components of Digital Twins is tested through a round-trip time latency test. Results of the latency test indicate that the proposed concept is suitable for Digital Twin technologies in industrial applications. At the end of the paper, the authors discuss possible future developments and use cases of the suggested concept.
Do associations of physical activity and sedentary behaviour with cardiovascular disease and mortality differ across socioeconomic groups? A prospective analysis of device-measured and self-reported UK Biobank data
Authors: Paudel Susan , Ahmadi Matthew , Phongsavan Philayrath , Hamer Mark , Stamatakis Emmanuel 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveTo examine if individual-level and area-level socioeconomic status (SES) modifies the association of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), domain-specific physical activity and sedentary behaviour with all-cause mortality (ACM) and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD).MethodsWe used self-reported (International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form) and accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour data from the UK Biobank. We created an individual-level composite SES index using latent class analysis of household income, education and employment status. The Townsend Index was the measure of area-level SES. Cox proportional hazards regression models stratified across SES were used.ResultsIn 328 228 participants (mean age 55.9 (SD 8.1) years, 45% men) with an average follow-up of 12.1 (1.4) years, 18 033 deaths and 98 922 incident CVD events occurred. We found an increased ACM risk of low physical activity and high sedentary behaviour and an increased incident CVD risk of low accelerometer-measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (ACCEL_MVPA) and high sitting time. We observed statistically significant interactions for all exposures in ACM analyses by individual-level SES (p<0.05) but only for screen time in area-level SES–ACM analysis (p<0.001). Compared with high self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (IPAQ_MVPA), adjusted ACM HRs for low IPAQ_MVPA were 1.14 (95% CI 1.05 to .25), 1.15 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.24) and 1.22 (95% CI 1.13 to 1.31) in high, medium and low individual-level SES, respectively. There were higher detrimental associations of low ACCEL_MVPA with decreasing area-level SES for both outcomes and of high screen time with ACM in low area-level SES.ConclusionWe found modest evidence suggesting that the detrimental associations of low MVPA and high screen time with ACM and incident CVD are accentuated in low SES groups.
Association between integrase strand transfer inhibitor use with insulin resistance and incident diabetes mellitus in persons living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mulindwa Frank , Kamal Habiba , Castelnuovo Barbara , Byonanebye Dathan M , Schwarz Jean-Marc , Bollinger Robert , Brusselaers Nele 
Published: February 2023

Whether integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) are associated with a higher risk of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) than other antiretroviral therapies (ART) needs to be established.MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov registries were searched for studies published between 1 January 2000 and 15 June 2022. Eligible studies reported incident DM or mean changes in insulin resistance measured by Homeostatic Model for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) in patients on INSTIs compared with other ARTs. We performed random-effects meta-analyses to obtain pooled relative risks (RRs) with 95% CIs.A total of 16 studies were pooled: 13 studies meta-analyzed for incident diabetes with a patient population of 72 404 and 3 for changes in HOMA-IR. INSTI therapy was associated with a lower risk of incident diabetes in 13 studies (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.96, I2=29%), of which 8 randomized controlled trials demonstrated a 22% reduced risk (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.96, I2=0%). INSTIs had a lower risk compared with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.89, I2=0%) but similar to protease inhibitor-based therapy (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.61 to 1.01, I2=27%). The risk was lower in studies with longer follow-up (RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.94, I2=24%) and among ART-naïve patients (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.94, I2=3%) but increased in African populations (RR 2.99, 95% CI 2.53 to 3.54, I2=0%).In conclusion, exposure to INSTIs was not associated with increased risk of DM, except in the African population. Stratified analyses suggested reduced risk among ART-naïve patients and studies with longer follow-up.International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) registration number: CRD42021273040.
Effects of beta-hydroxy beta-methyl butyrate calcium combined with exercise therapy in patients with cardiac disease: a study protocol for clinical trial
Authors: Ikeda Takashi , Miyazawa Ryo , Inoue Eisuke , Iso Yoshitaka , Nakamura Daisuke , Abe Satoko , Hachisu Mitsugu , Tashiro Naonori , Iguchi Akihiro , Aimoto Kenji , Nakamura Shoko , Ichikawa Hiroo 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionThe current treatment for heart disease consists of exercise therapy in addition to pharmacotherapy, nutritional support and lifestyle guidance. In general, nutritional support focuses on protein, salt and energy restrictions, with no active protein or amino acid intake in cases involving moderate or higher renal failure. From this perspective, patients with cardiac disease are at high risk of frailty.Beta-hydroxy beta-methyl butyrate (HMB) is a metabolite of leucine. HMB is widely used for muscle strengthening and can be safely ingested even by patients with renal failure. The proposed study protocol will investigate the effects of HMB-calcium (HMB-Ca) administered in combination with comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation for muscle strength, muscle mass and cardiac function in patients with cardiac disease during the convalescent period. The primary outcome will be knee extensor strength. Secondary outcomes will be gross isometric limb strength and skeletal muscle mass.Methods and analysisThis study will be a single-blinded, randomised, controlled trial with parallel comparisons between two groups. The study period will be 60 days from the start of outpatient cardiac rehabilitation. Participants will be randomly divided into two groups: an HMB group consuming HMB-Ca one time per day for 60 days; and a Placebo group consuming reduced maltose once one time per day for 60 days. Exercise therapy will be performed by both groups.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Ethics approval was provided by the Showa University Clinical Research Review Board.Trial registration numberjRCTs031220139; Japan Registry of Clinical Trails.
Prenatal Exercise and Cardiovascular Health (PEACH) study: impact of meal timing and pre-exercise blood glucose values on glycemic responses to acute exercise in pregnancy
Authors: Skow Rachel J , Steinback Craig D , Davenport Margie H 
Published: February 2023

We retrospectively analyzed data from 28 participants engaging in moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (265 sessions; 25–40 min) between 18–34 weeks gestation (NCT 02948439). The mean change in blood glucose (BG) from pre- to post-acute exercise session was −1.0 ± 1.2 mmol/L. Pre-exercise BG significantly predicted the change in BG ( p < 0.001), even when controlling for meal timing, exercise duration, and gestational age. Hypoglycemia only occurred in 3% of sessions. Therefore, in healthy pregnancy the change in BG during exercise is small and primarily related to pre-exercise BG values.
Short-term response of soil aggregate stability and labile carbon to contour tillage, diversion terrace, grassed waterway, and tile drainage implementation
Authors: Driscoll Bryan A. , Krzic Maja , Comeau Louis-Pierre , Eskelson Bianca N.I. , Li Sheng 
Published: February 2023

Soil degradation has been of great concern for New Brunswick's potato farmers, especially on sloped land and shallow soils. In this study, we evaluated the initial response of labile soil carbon (C) fractions (permanganate oxidizable C (POXC) and particulate organic C (POC)) and aggregate stability to two integrated best management practices (BMPIs) composed of the following individual practices: diversion terraces (DT), grassed waterways (GW), and contour tillage (CT) (i.e., DTGW) and DT, GW, CT, and tile drainage (TD) (i.e., DTGW + TD), relative to CT that served as a control. The more water was regulated in the field, the greater the increase in labile C; where DTGW and DTGW + TD gained 19.8% and 50.6% of POXC, respectively, while CT lost 11.2% of POXC. There was an increase in mineral associated organic matter C in the terraced BMPIs, despite the high amount of tillage events that took place during potato cultivation. Two BMPIs had no effect on aggregate stability, most likely due to the short duration of this initial monitoring study that spanned just over two growing seasons. Even though there were no improvements in soil structure, our findings showed that some stabilization of soil C is possible even during the initial two seasons following BMPI implementation.
Digital quantum simulation of quantum gravitational entanglement with IBM quantum computers
Authors: Sabín Carlos 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe report the digital quantum simulation of a hamiltonian involved in the generation of quantum entanglement by gravitational means. In particular, we focus on a pair of quantum harmonic oscillators, whose interaction via a quantum gravitational field generates single-mode squeezing in both modes at the same time, a non-standard process in quantum optics. We perform a boson-qubit mapping and a digital gate decomposition specific for IBM quantum devices. We use error mitigation and post-selection to achieve high-fidelity, accessing a parameter regime out of direct experimental reach.
Algorithm 1035: A Gradient-based Implementation of the Polyhedral Active Set Algorithm
Authors: Hager William W. , Zhang Hongchao 
Published: February 2023

The Polyhedral Active Set Algorithm (PASA) is designed to optimize a general nonlinear function over a polyhedron. Phase one of the algorithm is a nonmonotone gradient projection algorithm, while phase two is an active set algorithm that explores faces of the constraint polyhedron. A gradient-based implementation is presented, where a projected version of the conjugate gradient algorithm is employed in phase two. Asymptotically, only phase two is performed. Comparisons are given with IPOPT using polyhedral-constrained problems from CUTEst and the Maros/Meszaros quadratic programming test set.
Combination of a New Oral Demethylating Agent, OR2100, and Venetoclax for Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Kamachi Kazuharu , Ureshino Hiroshi , Watanabe Tatsuro , Yoshida-Sakai Nao , Fukuda-Kurahashi Yuki , Kawasoe Kazunori , Hoshiko Toshimi , Yamamoto Yuta , Kurahashi Yuki , Kimura Shinya 
Published: February 2023

The standard treatment for elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is venetoclax (Ven), a BCL-2–selective inhibitor, combined with hypomethylating agents (HMA) such as azacitidine or decitabine. This regimen results in low toxicity, high response rates, and potentially durable remission; however, because of low oral bioavailability, these conventional HMAs must be administered intravenously or subcutaneously. A combination of oral HMAs and Ven would provide a therapeutic advantage over parenteral administration of drugs and improve quality of life by reducing the number of hospital visits. Previously, we showed the promising oral bioavailability and antileukemia effects of a new HMA, OR2100 (OR21). Here, we investigated the efficacy and underlying mechanism of OR21 when used in combination with Ven to treat AML. OR21/Ven showed synergistic antileukemia effects in vitro, and significantly prolonged survival without increasing toxicity in a human leukemia xenograft mice model. RNA sequencing following combination therapy revealed downregulation of VAMP7, which is involved in autophagic maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis. Combination therapy led to accumulation of reactive oxygen species, leading to increased apoptosis. The data suggest that the combination of OR21 plus Ven is a promising candidate oral therapy for AML.Significance:The standard treatment for elderly patients with AML is Ven combined with HMAs. OR21, a new oral HMA plus Ven showed synergistic antileukemia effects in vitro and vivo, suggesting that the combination of OR2100 plus Ven is a promising candidate oral therapy for AML.
Associations of Serum Carotenoids With Risk of All‐Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Hypertensive Adults
Authors: Zhu Xu , Cheang Iokfai , Tang Yuan , Shi Mengsha , Zhu Qingqing , Gao Rongrong , Liao Shengen , Yao Wenming , Zhou Yanli , Zhang Haifeng , Li Xinli 
Published: February 2023

Background
Systemic oxidative stress is involved in the development of hypertension, whereas carotenoids are a group of natural antioxidants. Our study aims to evaluate the relationships between the serum concentrations of major carotenoids and mortality in hypertensive adults.

Methods and Results
Data on 5 serum carotenoids from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III and NHANES 2001–2006 were included. Outcome measures (all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality) were identified from the National Death Index through December 31, 2019. Multiple Cox proportional hazards regression and restricted cubic spline analyses were performed to determine the association between carotenoid levels and outcomes. A total of 8390 hypertensive adults were included in the analysis. At a median follow‐up duration of 16.6 years, all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality occurred in 4005 (47.74%) and 1205 (14.36%) participants, respectively. Compared with the lowest quartiles, the highest quartiles of 5 major serum carotenoids were associated with lower risk of all‐cause mortality, with multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of 0.63 (95% CI, 0.56–0.71) for α‐carotene, 0.70 (95% CI, 0.61–0.80); for β‐carotene, 0.67 (95% CI, 0.58–0.76); for β‐cryptoxanthin, 0.74 (95% CI, 0.64–0.86) for lycopene; and 0.72 (95% CI, 0.63–0.83) for lutein/zeaxanthin. For cause‐specific mortality, this association with the fourth quartile of serum carotenoids was evident for a reduced rate of cardiovascular mortality, with a 32% reduction for α‐carotene (HR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.55–0.86]), a 29% reduction for β‐cryptoxanthin (HR, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.56–0.89]), and a 26% reduction for lycopene (HR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.59–0.94]), but not for β‐carotene and lutein/zeaxanthin. In addition, we found that serum α‐carotene, β‐carotene, β‐cryptoxanthin, and lutein/zeaxanthin levels were nonlinearly related to all‐cause mortality with inflection points of 2.43, 8.49, 5.12, and 14.17 μg/dL, respectively. Serum α‐carotene, β‐cryptoxanthin, and lutein/zeaxanthin concentrations showed nonlinear associations with cardiovascular mortality with inflection points of 2.31, 5.26, and 15.40 μg/dL, respectively.

Conclusions
Findings suggest that higher serum carotenoid concentrations were associated with lower risks of all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality in hypertensive adults.
Metadata as a Methodological Commons: From Aboutness Description to Cognitive Modeling
Authors: Liu Wei , Fu Yaming , Liu Qianqian 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTMetadata is data about data, which is generated mainly for resources organization and description, facilitating finding, identifying, selecting and obtaining information①. With the advancement of technologies, the acquisition of metadata has gradually become a critical step in data modeling and function operation, which leads to the formation of its methodological commons. A series of general operations has been developed to achieve structured description, semantic encoding and machine-understandable information, including entity definition, relation description, object analysis, attribute extraction, ontology modeling, data cleaning, disambiguation, alignment, mapping, relating, enriching, importing, exporting, service implementation, registry and discovery, monitoring etc. Those operations are not only necessary elements in semantic technologies (including linked data) and knowledge graph technology, but has also developed into the common operation and primary strategy in building independent and knowledge-based information systems.In this paper, a series of metadata-related methods are collectively referred to as ‘metadata methodological commons’, which has a lot of best practices reflected in the various standard specifications of the Semantic Web. In the future construction of a multi-modal metaverse based on Web 3.0, it shall play an important role, for example, in building digital twins through adopting knowledge models, or supporting the modeling of the entire virtual world, etc. Manual-based description and coding obviously cannot adapted to the UGC (User Generated Contents) and AIGC (AI Generated Contents)-based content production in the metaverse era. The automatic processing of semantic formalization must be considered as a sure way to adapt metadata methodological commons to meet the future needs of AI era.