bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Better Distance Labeling for Unweighted Planar Graphs
Authors: Gawrychowski Paweł , Uznański Przemysław 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA distance labeling scheme is an assignment of labels, that is, binary strings, to all nodes of a graph, so that the distance between any two nodes can be computed from their labels without any additional information about the graph. The goal is to minimize the maximum length of a label as a function of the number of nodes. A major open problem in this area is to determine the complexity of distance labeling in unweighted planar (undirected) graphs. It is known that, in such a graph on n nodes, some labels must consist of $$\varOmega (n^{1/3})$$

Ω
(

n

1
/
3

)

bits, but the best known labeling scheme constructs labels of length $$O(\sqrt{n}\log n)$$

O
(

n

log
n
)

(Gavoille, Peleg, Pérennes, and Raz in J Algorithms 53:85–112, 2004). For weighted planar graphs with edges of length polynomial in n, we know that labels of length $$\varOmega (\sqrt{n}\log n)$$

Ω
(

n

log
n
)

are necessary (Abboud and Dahlgaard in FOCS, 2016). Surprisingly, we do not know if distance labeling for weighted planar graphs with edges of length polynomial in n is harder than distance labeling for unweighted planar graphs. We prove that this is indeed the case by designing a distance labeling scheme for unweighted planar graphs on n nodes with labels consisting of $$O(\sqrt{n})$$

O
(

n

)

bits with a simple and (in our opinion) elegant method. We also show how to extend this to graphs with small weight and (unweighted) graphs with bounded genus. We augment the construction for unweighted planar graphs with a mechanism (based on Voronoi diagrams) that allows us to compute the distance between two nodes in only polylogarithmic time while increasing the length to $$O(\sqrt{n\log n})$$

O
(

n
log
n

)

. The previous scheme required $$\varOmega (\sqrt{n})$$

Ω
(

n

)

time to answer a query in this model.
Deep learning algorithm development for river flow prediction: PNP algorithm
Authors: Bak Gwiman , Bae Youngchul 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDeep learning algorithms developed in recent decades have performed well in prediction and classification using accumulated big data. However, as climate change has recently become a more serious global problem, natural disasters are occurring frequently. When analyzing natural disasters from the perspective of a data analyst, they are considered as outliers, and the ability to predict outliers (natural disasters) using deep learning algorithms based on big data acquired by computers is limited. To predict natural disasters, deep learning algorithms must be enhanced to be able to predict outliers based on information such as the correlation between the input and output. Thus, algorithms that specialize in one field must be developed, and specialized algorithms for abnormal values must be developed to predict natural disasters. Therefore, considering the correlation between the input and output, we propose a positive and negative perceptron (PNP) algorithm to predict the flow rate of rivers using climate change-sensitive precipitation. The PNP algorithm consists of a hidden deep learning layer composed of positive and negative neurons. We built deep learning models using the PNP algorithm to predict the flow of three rivers. We also built comparative deep learning models using long short-term memory (LSTM) to validate the performance of the PNP algorithm. We compared the predictive performance of each model using the root mean square error and symmetric mean absolute percentage error and demonstrated that it performed better than the LSTM algorithms .
Mafic and ultramafic rock fragments on Chios Island, Greece: puzzling pieces within the Tethyan ophiolite belts of the Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Koglin Nikola , Meinhold Guido 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the southeastern part of Chios Island, Greece, exotic blocks of amphibolites and serpentinized peridotite can be found within a narrow, approximately N–S elongated area adjacent to non-metamorphosed sedimentary strata of Triassic age to its west and of Cenozoic age to its east. In this work, we present for the first time petrological and mineral chemical data for the amphibolites and ultramafic rock fragments from SE Chios Island, describe their possible origin and estimate the metamorphic pressure–temperature conditions and the age of metamorphic overprint. The protoliths of the amphibolites were mafic rocks of enriched (Type I amphibolite) and normal (Type II amphibolite) mid-ocean ridge character metamorphosed under upper amphibolite-facies conditions at 640–780 °C and 5–7 kbar. U–Pb isotopic data from titanite from three amphibolites yielded early Middle to early Late Jurassic lower intercept ages, which we interpret as the age of metamorphism during oceanic lithosphere emplacement. The peridotite is strongly serpentinized, mainly containing lizardite, which implies low-grade metamorphic conditions. With the exception of alteration rims, Cr- and Mg-numbers of the chrome spinel from the serpentinized peridotite range from 10–26 and 69–79, respectively, a range similar to abyssal peridotites of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle. We suggest that the amphibolites and ultramafic rocks represent separate fragments within a mélange, most likely of tectonic rather than accretionary origin. Metamorphism of the amphibolites took place prior to their presumed emplacement in the mélange. The mafic and ultramafic rock fragments of Chios preserve a different sort of subcontinental signature than that largely reported elsewhere within the Eastern Mediterranean ophiolite belts. A correlation with rocks of mélange units in western Turkey or in the northern and/or southern Aegean region is discussed.
Evidence of the Schwinger Mechanism from Lattice QCD
Authors: Ferreira Mauricio Narciso 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn quantum chromodynamics (QCD), gluons acquire a mass scale through the action of the Schwinger mechanism. This mass emerges as a result of the dynamical formation of massless bound-states of gluons which manifest as longitudinally coupled poles in the vertices. In this contribution, we show how the presence of these poles can be determined from lattice QCD results for the propagators and vertices. The crucial observation that allows this determination is that the Schwinger mechanism poles induce modifications, called “displacements”, to the Ward identities (WIs) relating two- and three-point functions. Importantly, the displacement functions correspond precisely to the Bethe–Salpeter amplitudes of the massless bound-states. We apply this idea to the case of the three-gluon vertex in pure Yang–Mills SU(3). Using lattice results in the corresponding WI, we find an unequivocal displacement and show that it is consistent with the prediction based on the Bethe–Salpeter equation.
On the maximal number of columns of a $$\Delta $$-modular integer matrix: bounds and computations
Authors: Averkov Gennadiy , Schymura Matthias 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe study the maximal number of pairwise distinct columns in a $$\varDelta $$
Δ
-modular integer matrix with m rows. Recent results by Lee et al. provide an asymptotically tight upper bound of $$\mathcal {O}\left( m^2\right) $$

O

m
2

for fixed $$\varDelta $$
Δ
. We complement this and obtain an upper bound of the form $$\mathcal {O}(\varDelta )$$

O
(
Δ
)

for fixed m, and with the implied constant depending polynomially on m.
The Role of Information in Evolutionary Biology
Authors: Dickins Thomas E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Modern Synthesis has received criticism for its purported gene-centrism. That criticism relies on a concept of the gene as a unit of instructional information. In this paper I discuss information concepts and endorse one, developed from Floridi, that sees information as a functional relationship between data and context. I use this concept to inspect developmental criticisms of the Modern Synthesis and argue that the instructional gene arose as an idealization practice when evolutionary biologists made comment on development. However, a closer inspection of key claims shows that at least some associated with the Modern Synthesis were in fact adopting the data led definition I favour and made clear arguments for the role of developmental processes beyond genetic input. There was no instructional gene.
Priority setting in the German healthcare system: results from a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Meusel V. , Mentzakis E. , Baji P. , Fiorentini G. , Paolucci F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWorldwide, social healthcare systems must face the challenges of a growing scarcity of resources and of its inevitable distributional effects. Explicit criteria are needed to define the boundaries of public reimbursement decisions. As Germany stands at the beginning of such a discussion, more formalised priority setting procedures seem in order. Recent research identified multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) as a promising approach to inform and to guide decision-making in healthcare systems. In that regard, this paper aims to analyse the relative weight assigned to various criteria in setting priority interventions in Germany. A discrete choice experiment (DCE) was employed in 2015 to elicit equity and efficiency preferences of 263 decision makers, through six attributes. The experiment allowed us to rate different policy interventions based on their features in a composite league table (CLT). As number of potential beneficiaries, severity of disease, individual health benefits and cost-effectiveness are the most relevant criteria for German decision makers within the sample population, the results display an overall higher preference towards efficiency criteria. Specific high priority interventions are mental disorders and cardiovascular diseases.
Mental Health Professionals’ Experiences of Adapting Mental Health Interventions for Autistic Adults: A Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis
Authors: Moore Laura , Larkin Fionnuala , Foley Sarah 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAutistic adults experience high rates of metal health difficulties and face significant barriers to accessing appropriate mental health care. Empirical research and recent professional guidelines emphasise the importance of modifying standard mental health interventions to best meet the needs of autistic adults. This systematic review explored mental health professionals’ experiences of adapting mental health interventions for autistic adults. A systematic search was conducted on CINAHL, PsychINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science in July 2022. The findings from 13 identified studies were synthesised using thematic synthesis. Three major analytical themes were generated, the unique experience of adapting interventions for autistic clients, factors which facilitate successful adaptations, and challenges to adapting interventions. Each theme contained a number of subsequent sub-themes. Professionals view the process of adapting interventions to be a highly individualised process. A range of personal traits, professional experiences, and systemic, service-based issues were identified in facilitating or challenging this individualised process. Further research regarding adaptations with different intervention models and increased supportive resources are required to enable professionals to successfully adapt interventions for autistic adult clients.
Optimization of graphene dose for improved electrochemical performance of silicon–graphene negative electrodes in lithium batteries
Authors: Sanad Moustafa M. S. , Shenouda Atef Y. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDifferent percentages of nanoparticles graphene (G) were mixed with nano-micron sized silicon (Si) particles as follows: 10, 20, 30 and 40 wt% graphene to silicon ratios. The crystal structure of pure Si powder pattern has cubic phase SEM, TEM/SAED and XPS equipments were implemented to study the surface properties of the prepared G@Si composites. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurement for the G@Si cell revealed two broad cathodic peaks, related to the deposition of Li2O thin layer on Si particles and the lithiation process of Si to form lithium silicide. Meanwhile, the oxidation of LixSi into Si and Li ionis confirmed by the anodic strong peak at 0.56 V. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements revealed high interfacial resistance ~ 1825 Ω for pure Si anode in comparison with that of G@Si composite anode. It is concluded that graphene acts as a conductive shielding pathway to inhibit the large volume change and minimize the capacity fading during successive galvanostatic cycling of G@Si composite anode materials versus Li/Li+. Accordingly, the specific discharge capacity of 30%G@Si cell delivered about 1240 and 900 mAhg−1 for 1st and 100th charge–discharge cycles, respectively.
The development and validation of a global advanced development framework for the pharmacy workforce: a four-stage multi-methods approach
Authors: Meilianti Sherly , Galbraith Kirsten , Bader Lina , Udoh Arit , Ernawati Desak , Bates Ian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Studies have indicated that a generalisable and translatable global framework is a useful tool for supporting career progression and recognising advanced practice.

Aim
To develop and validate a global advanced competency development framework as a tool to advance the pharmacy profession globally.

Method
A four-stage multi-methods approach was adopted. In sequence, this comprised an assessment of initial content and a cultural validation of the advanced level framework. Following this, we conducted a transnational modified Delphi followed by an online survey sampling the global pharmacy leadership community. Finally, a series of case studies was constructed exemplifying the framework implementation.

Results
Initial validation resulted in a modified draft competency framework comprising 34 developmental competencies across six clusters. Each competency has three phases of advancement to support practitioner progression. The modified Delphi stage provided feedback on framework modifications related to cultural issues, including missing competencies and framework comprehensiveness. External engagement and case study stages provided further validity on the framework implementation and dissemination.

Conclusion
The four-staged approach demonstrated transnational validation of a global advanced competency framework as a mapping and development tool for the pharmacy professions. Further study is needed to develop a global glossary of terminologies on advanced and specialist practice. Also, developing an accompanying professional recognition system and education and training programmes to support framework implementation is recommended.
Experimental Semiotics: A Systematic Categorization of Experimental Studies on the Bootstrapping of Communication Systems
Authors: Delliponti Angelo , Raia Renato , Sanguedolce Giulia , Gutowski Adam , Pleyer Michael , Sibierska Marta , Placiński Marek , Żywiczyński Przemysław , Wacewicz Sławomir 
Published: May 2023

AbstractExperimental Semiotics (ES) is the study of novel forms of communication that communicators develop in laboratory tasks whose designs prevent them from using language. Thus, ES relates to pragmatics in a “pure,” radical sense, capturing the process of creating the relation between signs and their interpreters as biological, psychological, and social agents. Since such a creation of meaning-making from scratch is of central importance to language evolution research, ES has become the most prolific experimental approach in this field of research. In our paper, we report the results of a study on the scope of recent ES and evaluate the ways in which it is relevant to the study of language origins. We coded for multiple levels across 13 dimensions related to the properties of the emergent communication systems or properties of the study designs, such as type of goal (coordination versus referential), modality of communication, absence or presence of turn-taking, or the presence of vertical vs. horizontal transmission. We discuss our findings and our classification, focusing on the advantages and limitations of those trends in ES, and in particular their ecological validity in the context of bootstrapping communication and the evolution of language.
Geospatial Assessment of Long-Term Changes (1937–2019) in Mangrove Vegetation and Shoreline Dynamics of Godavari Estuary, East Coast of India
Authors: Dev Roy Snigdha , Trivedi Shivam 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGodavari mangroves are the second largest mangrove ecoregion of India located on its eastern coast. Mangroves perform major ecological functions including shoreline stabilization and coastal protection. They have undergone serious alterations, largely induced by human activities resulting in increased vulnerability to coastal flooding. A reliable database on mangroves distribution and temporal changes is essential for their effective management and conservation. Present study analyzes the long-term changes in mangroves, as well as the geomorphological changes along the coast of Godavari Estuary over a span of 82 years (1937–2019), using topographical maps, remotely sensed multi-temporal satellite imageries for five time periods. Results indicated that the rate of land uses conversions of agricultural fields, degraded areas, mudflats and mangrove vegetation into aquaculture significantly increased during the late 1990s. About 40 percent of it was constructed on mangrove areas between 1980 and 2019. The area under aquaculture was estimated to be 6,388.62 ha in 2000, almost doubling-up to 11,924.67 ha in 2019. Mangrove cover in this region increased by 15.95 percent between 2000 and 2019 (including 11.9 percent in Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary) due to increased protection, consequent regeneration and accretion. Shift in Hope Island spit was observed in north and northwest directions, gradually growing nearly 3.84 km. High-resolution declassified satellite data were found very helpful for long-term mangrove mapping and analyzing geomorphological changes; enabling a better understanding of these regions to help decision makers/planners to find better solutions to existing coastal issues. The paper concludes with some recommendations to restore and conserve the existing mangrove cover in the study area.
Cosmetic nanomaterials in the environment: nano-zinc oxide and zinc-influence on soil microorganisms
Authors: Abdelmeged Elsayed A. , Brunetti Gianluca , Shetaya Waleed H. , Marzouk Ezzat R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the impact of water-containing sunblock products with different residual quantities of bulk ZnO or ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) on soil microorganisms using a bioassay toxicity experiment. The two forms of ZnO were studied at different concentrations ranging from 0 to 10 mg L−1, and leachates obtained from the water disposal during a handwashing simulation experiment were also evaluated, along with raw sunblocks containing both bulk ZnO and ZnO NPs (at 50% and 100%). The key characteristics of each type of ZnO material were analyzed using multiple analytical techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis). The outcomes revealed that the stability of ZnO nanoparticles was considerably high, with the highest dissolution rate estimated after 36 h as 0.19% of the sunblock's overall ZnO NPs concentration. The different forms of pure ZnO used in the bacterial bioassay demonstrated that the Zn concentration of 10 mg L−1 exhibited the largest inhibition zone area compared to the other treatments. The disc diffusion bioassay findings confirmed that ZnO NPs are active components with greater toxicity than bulk ZnO. These results demonstrated that the antimicrobial effect was exclusively due to the nano-specific influence at higher concentrations. However, additional research is needed to understand better the environmental effects of different types of ZnO particles disposed of by sunblock users. Examining how such substances react in actual environmental conditions is crucial, as they contain various diverse ingredients that may cause varying reactions compared to bulk ZnO particles.
Targeted delivery of budesonide in acetic acid induced colitis: impact on miR-21 and E-cadherin expression
Authors: Seoudi Shaymaa S. , Allam Eman A. , El-Kamel Amal H. , Elkafrawy Hagar , El-Moslemany Riham M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic inflammation along the gastrointestinal tract. For IBD effective treatment, developing an orally administered stable drug delivery system capable of targeting inflammation sites is a key challenge. Herein, we report pH responsive hyaluronic (HA) coated Eudragit S100 (ES) nanoparticles (NPs) for the targeted delivery of budesonide (BUD) (HA-BUD-ES-NPs). HA-BUD-ES-NPs showed good colloidal properties (274.8 ± 2.9 nm and − 24.6 ± 2.8 mV) with high entrapment efficiency (98.3 ± 3.41%) and pH-dependent release profile. The negative potential following incubation in simulated gastrointestinal fluids reflected the stability of HA coat. In vitro studies on Caco-2 cells showed HA-BUD-ES-NPs biocompatibility and enhanced cellular uptake and anti-inflammatory effects as shown by the significant reduction in IL-8 and TNF-α. The oral administration of HA-BUD-ES-NPs in an acetic acid induced colitis rat model significantly mitigated the symptoms of IBD, and improved BUD therapeutic efficacy compared to drug suspension. This was proved via the improvement in disease activity index and ulcer score in addition to refined histopathological findings. Also, the assessment of inflammatory markers, epithelial cadherin, and mi-R21 all reflected the higher efficiency of HA-BUD-ES-NPs compared to free drug and uncoated formulation. We thus suggest that HA-BUD-ES-NPs provide a promising drug delivery platform for the management and site specific treatment of IBD.
Graphical Abstract