bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Sugary Food Consumption, Self-Perception of Dental Health Status, and Dental Health Awareness with Dental Caries and Gingivitis among Rural School Children Aged 12 Years – An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study in Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh, India, 2020
Authors: Vuyyuru CR , Ponnaiah M , Rangari RN 
Published: March 2023

Background and Objectives:
Data on the prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis among Indian rural children are scarce. Hence, we estimated the prevalence of dental caries, gingivitis, and associated factors among the rural school children aged 12 years of Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh.

Methods:
We conducted this analytical cross-sectional study, with 1513 children by following two-stage cluster sampling. We collected data on dental caries and gingivitis using the WHO dentition status and community periodontal index modified, respectively, and associated factors by direct interviews using standardized semi-structured interview guide. We estimated the prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis and 95% confidence interval (CI); we calculated prevalence ratios (PRs) and its 95% CI by comparing factors among those with and without caries and gingivitis; we computed adjusted PRs using the generalized linear regression model.

Results:
Overall prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis was 61% (95% CI: 58–63) and 68% (95% CI: 65–70), respectively. Sugary food consumption (PR 1.56, 95% CI 1.33–1.82), fair and poor perception of the current dental health status (PR 1.31 95% CI 1.19–145 and PR 1.59 95% CI 1.45–1.73, respectively), and no dental health awareness (PR 0.85 95% CI 0.75–0.95) were associated with caries. Fair and poor perception of current dental health status (PR 1.16 95% CI 1.07–1.26 and PR 1.27 95% CI 1.17–1.38, respectively) was associated with gingivitis.

Conclusion:
We observed a high prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis among the study participants. Sugary food consumption, dental health awareness, and perception of current dental health status are associated with dental caries and gingivitis.
Simple limbal epithelial transplantation
Authors: Singh Vivek , Kusumesh Rakhi , Sinha Bibhuti Prassan , Anand Abhishek , Ambasta Anita 
Published: March 2023

Purpose:
To evaluate the efficacy of auto simple limbal epithelial transplantation (SLET) and alloSLET in patients with different causes of limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD).

Study Type:
Single-center prospective interventional study.

Materials and Methods:
Patients visiting tertiary referral hospital between April 2019 and March 2020 satisfying the criteria for labeling LSCD, also inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled.

Results:
Thirty-one eyes of 31 patients (20 men, 11 women) underwent SLET surgery (15 autoSLET, 16 alloSLET). The most common etiology in patients undergone SLET was chemical injury (11, 35.5%) followed by Stevens–Johnson syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (SJS/TEN) (9, 29.0%). SJS/TEN was the most common cause of bilateral LSCD. Combined successful outcome of autoSLET and alloSLET was 64.5%.

Conclusion:
SLET is a simple, useful surgery to restore LSC and it does not require any specialized center and can be done in a center with limited resources.
A prospective study to evaluate the functional and clinical outcome of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with standard hamstring autograft
Authors: Parvez Mohsin , Kumar Raman , Kumar Manish , Subhash Abhijeet , Kumar Santosh , Kumar Rajeev 
Published: March 2023

Background:
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the primary stabilizer of the knee and prevents the knee against anterior translation. It is also important in counteracting rotational and valgus stress. The arthroscopically aided approach has the advantages of smaller skin and capsular incisions, improved viewing of the intercondylar notch for placement of the tunnel and attachment sites, less postoperative pain, fewer adhesions, earlier motion, and easier rehabilitation. The advantages with semitendinosus grafts are the availability of a greater sectional area and the unaffected integrity of the extensor mechanism. Moreover, the tensile strength of quadrupled hamstring is found to be even better than a normal ACL. The rate of complications such as extension loss, anterior knee pain, and surgical site infections was also lower than in other procedures such as in BPTB grafts. Cortical suspension devices have the necessary biomechanical properties with regard to ultimate failure strength, displacement, and stiffness for the initial fixation of soft tissue in the femoral tunnel for ACL reconstruction. The aperture fixation methods such as the interference screws allow for early firm fixation and heal with a tight bone–tendon interface.

Objective:
A prospective study to evaluate the functional and clinical outcome of ACL reconstruction with standard hamstring autograft.

Materials and Methods:
The study results included 30 patients admitted with clinical and radiological deficiency of ACL from September 2019 to March 2021 using endobutton and bioabsorbable interference screw in terms of range of motion, postoperative knee stability, subjective knee functions, and prospective assessment of functional outcome using Tegner Lysholm knee scoring system.

Results:
Sports injuries were the most common mode of injury (n = 17, 56.7%). The mean size of graft used was 8.2 ± 0.39 mm. Postoperatively at 2-year follow-up, 30 cases (100%) had 0 grade pivot-shift test, 0 grade Lachman test, and anterior drawer test. The mean postoperative Lysholm score improved from preoperative score of 62.83 ± 5.2–91.0 ± 5.54. The overall satisfactory result (excellent + good) at 6-month follow-up was (excellent – 30 and good – 70) 100%. Out of this, 27 (90%) patients had returned to preinjury level of activity in 1 year. In this study, one patient had superficial infection and two patients had knee pain.

Conclusion:
Arthroscopy-assisted ACL reconstruction using hamstring tendon autograft provides a stable knee, reduces postoperative morbidity, and enables early rehabilitation.
A study to identify leadership style of nurse managers and influence of leadership style on patient safety culture, organizational citizenship behavior, and job satisfaction so as to suggest an evidence based feed forward for preparing guidelines for training of nurse managers working in a superspecialty tertiary health care teaching institute in Northern India
Authors: Harsvardhan Rajesh , Singh Dimpi , Patnaik S. K. , Khatun Shabana 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
The safety of patients in health-care systems has long been a concern, but despite many positive changes in practice, health systems, and regulations, the desired level of safety remains unachieved. The competency of health-care leaders to create positive work environments and manage constant change is essential to the success of teams and organizations. The need for great leadership in health care has always been imperative; however, throughout the industry's recent transformation, it has been vital. Faced with enormous amounts of change, today's leaders must be capable of serving their teams while adapting to the evolving landscape and leading us into the future.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to identify the leadership style of nurse managers and ascertain the influence of leadership style on patient safety culture, organizational citizenship behavior, and job satisfaction so as to suggest an evidence-based feed forward for preparing guidelines for training of nurse managers working in a superspecialty tertiary health-care teaching institute in Northern India.

Objectives:
The objectives of this study were as follows – (1) to identify the leadership style of nurse managers based on full-range leadership model using the prevalidated tool, (2) to ascertain the influence of leadership style on patient safety culture using the prevalidated tool, (3) to assess the influence of leadership style on organizational citizenship behavior and job satisfaction using the prevalidated tool, and (4) to suggest an evidence-based feed forward for preparing guidelines for training of nurse managers working in a superspecialty health-care teaching institute in India using analysis of data thus obtained.

Methodology:
This was an analytical study.

Results:
(1) In the study, it was thus found that as transformational and transactional leadership behavior increases, patient safety culture, organizational citizenship behavior, and job satisfaction also increase; (2) on the other hand, patient safety culture, organizational citizenship behavior, and job satisfaction decrease as laissez-faire leadership behavior increases.

Conclusion:
Staff nurse under the leadership of their managers provides exemplary care and shares professional knowledge as well as provides direction and support to practice best patient care through policy development.
A study on post intervention impact assessment of antibiotic prescribing practices in the neurosurgery ICU, under antimicrobial stewardship program
Authors: Mishra Richa , Omar Arushi , Verma Harshit , Harsvardhan Rajesh 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
Antimicrobial Stewardship is a coordinated program that ensures the optimal selection, dose, and duration of an antimicrobial therapy that leads to the best clinical outcome for the treatment or prevention of an infection.

Objectives:
Objectives of the study are, (1) to describe antibiotic stewardship program implementation by critically evaluating antibiotic prescribing practices; (2) to design an appropriate intervention for subsequent implementation; and (3) to discern the impact of intervention.

Methodology:
An interventional and cross-sectional study was carried out for 19 months in a neurosurgery intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary-care hospital, consisting of three phases: baseline, intervention, and postintervention. First phase involved the evaluation of antibiotic utilization and prescribing practices and appropriateness for the same without provision of any recommendations. In second phase, a 3-component intervention was introduced, i.e. active ICU rounds, postprescription review with feedback and teaching programs. Third phase involved evaluation of antibiotic utilization and prescribing practices and appropriateness for the same with provision of recommendations. The study tool was an antibiotic prescription chart (pre and post-intervention phase) and postprescription review and feedback form (only postintervention phase) that was used for data collection. The primary outcome of the study was days of therapy (DOT) per 1000 In-patient days (PD) for antimicrobials. Data analysis was done by SPSS 23.

Results:
Overall decrease in the DOT per 1000 In-patient days from baseline to postintervention phase was 17.8% (P = 0.35). The reduction in cost of antibiotic usage per patient day from preintervention phase to postintervention phase was INR 78.1.

Conclusion:
Antibiotic stewardship ward rounds and dedicated prescription chart can achieve reduction in antibiotic consumption.
Contamination of Clinical White Coats with Potential Pathogens and their Antibiotic Resistant Phenotypes Among a Group of Sri Lankan Medical Students
Authors: Daraniyagala Harshana , Dahanayake Omesh , Dasanayake Amila , Dayarathna Pramod , Dayarathna Sevwandi , Dayasiri Kusal , De Silva Devmini , De Silva Sachie , De Silva Nipuni , De Silva Dinushi , De Zoysa Dinushika , Dissanayake Rasadani , Ekanayake Asela , Vidanapathirana Gihani , Liyanapathirana Veranja 
Published: March 2023

Background: Clinical white coats worn by the medical students can be contaminated at hospitals and act as a potential reservoir for pathogens including antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This study aimed to identify the contamination rates of clinical white coats worn by medical students with selected potential pathogens and their antibiotic resistant phenotypes.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among 151 4th year medical students of Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka in September 2020. The participants belonged to two batches undergoing clinical training at two settings. Swabs from pockets and sleeves of the clinical white coats were taken. Potential pathogens and their resistant phenotypes were identified with routine tests.
Results: Fifty-three participants (35.1%) had coats contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus; 15 (9.9%) had coats contaminated with Methicillin-Resistant S.aureus (MRSA). One Enterobacterales (0.7%) was an AmpC producer. Enterococcus species were isolated from 19 (12.6%) coats and 2 (1.3%) had coats contaminated with vancomycin resistant enterococci. Molecular testing on the MRSA isolates identified that 5(20%) of the MRSA isolates were PVL positive while all were mecA positive. Sex, type of clinical appointment, and frequency of washing white coats were not associated with contamination. The “batch” was significantly associated with contamination with S.aureus and Enterococcus species.
Conclusions: We found that clinical white coats worn by medical students recruited for the study were contaminated with S.aureus, MRSA and Enterococcus species. There was a notably high-rate of contamination with S. aureus. All MRSA isolates were mecA positive while the rate of PVL positivity was low.
Faktor-Faktor Pendorong dan Penghambat Pemanfaatan Pelayanan Kesehatan Primer pada Masa Pandemi Covid - 19
Authors: Rosnah  , Syaifudin Suhri Kasim  
Published: March 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan faktor-faktor pendorong dan penghambat pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan primer pada masa pandemik covid 19, terutama yang bersumber dari masyarakat.. Jenis penelitian bersifat deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data primer diperoleh langsung melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Data sekunder diperoleh dari laporan Puskesmas Ranomeeto tahun 2022. Informan penelitian adalah Kepala Desa, Kepala Puskesmas, Satgas Covid-19, tokoh masyarakat dan kader posyandu. Analisis data menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman, yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikaan kesimpulan/ verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: (1) Faktor pendukung pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan primer, diantaranya adalah nilai-nilai budaya (sikap toleransi kepada hal-hal baru) dan sikap mental (penilaian tinggi terhadap unsur-unsur yang membawa kebaikan). (2) Faktor penghambat pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan primer diantaranya: sikap tradisionalistis, prasangka buruk terhadap sesuatu yang baru, kekhawatiran terjadi kegagalan pada hal baru, serta hambatan yang bersifat ideologis. Perhatian pemerintah terhadap faktor pendukung dapat mendorong masyarakat menjadi lebih kooperatif dalam mengikuti arahan yang di tetapkan oleh pemerintah; seperti pakai masker, rajin cuci tangan, jaga jarak dan melakukan vaksin. Perhatian pemerintah terhadap factor penghambat dapat mengatasi kegagalan dalam implementasi program.
Kata kunci : Covid-19, Faktor Pendukung, Faktor Penghambat, Kesehatan Primer, Pelayanan
Evaluasi Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) dalam Peningkatan Kualitas Hidup Keluarga Penerima Manfaat di Kecamatan Sopai Kabupaten Toraja Utara
Authors: Kanuna Resky Sirupang , Nawawi Juanda , Nulinah  
Published: March 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) dalam peningkatan kualitas hidup keluarga penerima manfaat di Kecamatan Sopai Kabupaten Toraja Utara. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Adapun Fokus pada penelitian ini adalah model evaluasi dalam analisis kebijakan publik yang dikaitkan dengan pelaksanaan kebijakan Program Keluarga Harapan di Kecamatan Sopai Kabupaten Toraja Utara. Ada pun kriteria yang dikembangkan oleh William N. Dunn, mencakup evaluasi, yaitu: efektifitas, efisiensi, kecukupan, pemerataan, responsivitas dan ketepatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan PKH sudah berjalan dengan baik sesuai dengan tujuan diluncurkannya PKH yaitu dengan harapan mampu meningkatkan kualitas hidup peserta PKH lewat partisipasi dalam kesehatan dan pendidikan.
Pemanfaatan Calcium Carbide dan Bottom Ash sebagai Bahan Subtitusi pada Beton
Authors: Puang Ermita Datu , Phengkarsa Frans , Febriani Lisa 
Published: March 2023

Maksud dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pemanfaatan calcium carbide dan bottom ash sebagai bahan subtitusi pada beton. Dimana calcium carbide ialah sebuah senyawa kimia yang tidak berwarna dengan rumus kimia (CaC2), dan calcium carbide yang sering digunakan umumnya berwarna abu-abu atau cokelat. sedangkan bottom ash adalah abu dasar yang dikeluarkan di bawah tungku pembakaran dari sisa pembakaran batu bara. Persentase penggunaan calcium carbide 10% sebagai bahan subtitusi semen dan bottom ash sebagai bahan subtitusi agregat halus sebesar 25%, 30% dan 35%. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan benda uji berbentuk silinder dengan ukuran diameter 15 cm dan tinggi 30 cm, dan balok dengan ukuran 15 cm × 15 cm × 60 cm. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode ACI (American Concrete Instute ) dengan Mutu beton rencana 30 MPa,Hasil pengujian kuat tekan pada 28 hari di peroleh hasil pada variasi 25%, 30%, dan 35% adalah 30,951 MPa, 31,328 MPa, dan 32,838 MPa. Hasil pengujian kuat tarik belah pada variasi 25%, 30%, dan 35% adalah 2, 878 MPa, 2,972 MPa, dan 3,161 MPa. Hasil pengujian kuat lentur pada variasi 25%, 30% dan 35% yaitu 3,338 MPa, 3,390 MPa, 3,441 MPa. Dari hasil pengujian tersebut menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan subtitusi calcium carbide dan bottom ash memenuhi mutu rencana 30 MPa.
Khảo sát nguy cơ tử vong ngắn hạn thông qua ước tính mức lọc cầu thận theo công thức MDRD ở bệnh nhân HIV tiến triển tại các cơ sở điều trị ARV tại Việt Nam
Authors: Đạt Vũ Quốc , Hiệp Nguyễn Lê 
Published: March 2023

Tổ chức Y tế Thế giới khuyến cáo nếu xét nghiệm creatinin thường quy, cần ước tính mức lọc cầu thận trước khi điều trị phác đồ có tenofovir. Chúng tôi tiến hành nghiên cứu hồi cứu những bệnh nhân bệnh nhân > 18 tuổi được chẩn đoán HIV tiến triển tại các cơ sở điều trị ARV tại 15 tỉnh, thành phố tại Việt Nam từ tháng 1/2021 đến 5/2022. Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện tại 15 tỉnh, thành phố tại Việt Nam. Chức năng thận được đánh giá theo ước tính mức lọc cầu thận (eGFR) sử dụng công thức MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease). Tỉ lệ bệnh nhân có eGFR < 60 ml/min/1,73m2 là 6,0% (108/1787). Các yếu tố liên quan đến mức lọc cầu thận thấp (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1,73m2) là giới tính nữ (OR = 4,07, 95%CI: 2,71 - 6,08), hemoglobin thấp (OR = 1,86, 95%CI: 1,01 - 3,22) và tuổi (OR 1,07, 95%CI: 1,05 - 1,09). Trên những bệnh nhân xác định được tình trạng sống còn, tỉ lệ tử vong ở bệnh nhân có và không giảm mức lọc cầu thận là 11,5% (7/61) và 7,5% (99/1326). Tỉ lệ giảm chức năng thận thường gặp ở bệnh nhân HIV nên cần thiết phải đánh giá chức năng thận trước khi bắt đầu điều trị ARV và theo dõi định kỳ trong quá trình điều trị.
Tiếp cận chẩn đoán và điều trị viêm gan C tại tuyến huyện: Quan điểm từ người bệnh đồng nhiễm viêm gan C/HIV
Authors: Đạt Vũ Quốc , Ngân Tạ Thị Diệu , Vân Nguyễn Thị Thúy , Hương Phan Thị Thu , Nhàn Đỗ Thị , Vinh Đào Xuân , Trang Nguyễn Thị Huyền 
Published: March 2023

Nghiên cứu nhằm đánh giá thuận lợi, khó khăn và tính khả thi về tiếp cận chẩn đoán và điều trị viêm gan C cho bệnh nhân đồng nhiễm viêm gan C/HIV tại tuyến huyện từ quan điểm của người sử dụng dịch vụ. Nghiên cứu định tính với 19 phỏng vấn sâu người sử dụng dịch vụ tại 5 tỉnh từ tháng 6 - 12/2022. Kết quả cho thấy các dịch vụ điều trị VGC và ARV lồng ghép tại cơ sở điều trị tuyến huyện tạo điều kiện cho người bệnh được tiếp cận cùng lúc nhiều dịch vụ, giảm chi phí đi lại, tiết kiệm thời gian. Cơ sở vật chất tại các cơ sở y tế điều trị viêm gan C được người bệnh đánh giá tốt, quy trình khám điều trị rõ ràng, thủ tục khám, xét nghiệm nhanh, thời gian chờ đợi không quá lâu. 100% bệnh nhân có cải thiện rõ rệt về sức khỏe sau khi hoàn thành phác đồ điều trị viêm gan C. Tuy nhiên, xét nghiệm tải lượng virut lại thực hiện tại các bệnh viện tuyến trên gây khó khăn nhiều cho người bệnh trong việc tiếp cận điều trị và hoàn thành phác đồ. Có hơn 50% người bệnh sẵn sàng cố gắng đồng chi trả tiền thuốc điều trị cùng với bảo hiểm y tế.
Uncovering The Sociological Interpretation of Visual Impairment-Related Inequities and Their Social Determinants in India
Authors: M Chandrashekher , Satpathy Suchismita 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Determinants of health are divided into four types, such as “Biological-Psychological-Environmental-Social Determinants”. The social determinants of health include gender disparities, economic status, ethnicity, race, geographic isolation, or having a specific health condition. Moreover, the social determinants are interdependent and interrelated with one another. There can also be a primary determinant that affects the other determinants. For example, educational level of the patients is associated with knowledge and awareness of eye care and its conditions. However, education might have a different effect than income in should be access of eye care when needed.
Methodology: The study is mainly dependent on secondary data analysis.
Results: The primary objective of the study is to illustrate the sociological aspects of visual impairment-related inequities and to identify the social determinants of visual impairments and disparities in India. Another aim of the paper is to present a deeper understanding of how inequities impact the incidence of visual impairment and blindness based on the social determinants of health. The present study adopts the ecological and Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH) framework 2008. We reaffirm the fact that inequities negatively affect the visual impairment and blindness conditions. The national health policies should take into account the social determinants of visual impairment in their policies relating to comprehensive eye care. Social and economic factors are connected with health and welfare; those socio-economic inequalities contribute to health inequalities. For reducing the health inequalities around the world, we need effective policy implementation and proper fund pools. Furthermore, committed action on societal determinants of health, sufficient human resources are also necessary to control the health disabilities, include visual impairment.
They Do It for the Culture: Analyzing Why Black Men Enter the Field of Special Education
Authors: CORMIER CHRISTOPHER J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Using racial formation theory as the ballast of this study, I interviewed seven Black men who were in preservice special education teacher preparation programs about what motivated them to enter the field. Data collection methods and analysis focused on participants’ educational trajectories and introductions to the field of special education. I found that Black men in this study chose to enter special education as a result of varying influences, including prior experiences working with children or the suggestions of mentors. All participants indicated that they were “doing it for the culture”; that is, their career choices were in response to a pressing desire to be agents of change, primarily driven by an awareness of the needs of Black boys who are disproportionately represented in special education programs across the United States. Finally, I explore implications for future research and practice.