bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does economic complexity increase energy intensity?
Authors: Kazemzadeh Emad , Fuinhas José Alberto , Shirazi Masoud , Koengkan Matheus , Silva Nuno 
Published: April 2023

AbstractToday, many countries in the world pay special attention to energy efficiency to improve environmental quality and reduce the waste of energy resources. For this purpose, this research has investigated the economic complexity of energy intensity (EI) from 1995 to 2019 using club convergence and panel quantile regression (PQR) models. The club convergence results showed that out of 62 countries, 42 converged in energy intensity during the period. Then, using the PQR model, the determining factors of EI for these 42 countries were evaluated: economic complexity, urbanization, trade openness, industrial production, foreign direct investment, oil price, and economic growth. The result of the PQR model confirmed that economic complexity has an inverted U-shaped relationship with EI. Urbanization and foreign direct investment have a positive and increasing effect on EI. In addition, trade openness positively affects EI, mainly in the 10th and 25th quantiles. On the other hand, economic growth has a decreasing effect on EI. Moreover, industrialization and oil prices can reduce EI, particularly in the 90th quantile. Given the inverted U-shaped effect of the energy complexity on energy intensity, where the lower and higher quantiles are negative, it is advised that policymakers ought to promote the leap from lower levels of economic complexity to higher levels by reducing intermediate levels as much as possible. Policymakers should also be conscious that promoting the diffusion of economic complexity also mitigates noxious gas emissions.
Landscape Metrics and Land-Use Patterns of Energy Crops in the Agricultural Landscape
Authors: Xu Xiaoqian , Englund Oskar , Dimitriou Ioannis , Rosenqvist Håkan , Liu Guangzhe , Mola-Yudego Blas 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Energy crops are a new player in the traditional agricultural landscape. The present paper analyses the land uses surrounding and the spatial characteristics of the main energy crops in Sweden (willow, poplar, hybrid aspen and reed canary grass) compared to traditional agricultural crops during the period 2006–2018. Spatial metrics (number of shape characterising points, shape index and rectangularity ratio) are calculated for each field, as well as the nearby land uses at varying distances, at radius: 500 m, 1000 m, 2000 m and 5000 m. A total of 1560 energy crop fields are studied in the 2006 dataset and 3416 fields in the 2018 dataset, which are compared to 58,246 fields with cereal crops in 2006 and 131,354 fields in the 2018 dataset. Results show that, despite being established on previous agricultural land, energy crops present a different spatial profile compared to traditional agricultural crops. Field shapes present less complexity than before, and the overall spatial features become more regular with time in both cases of energy crops and cereals, suggesting an increasing trend in cost-efficient agricultural practices and planning. Important differences concerning land use diversity at different scales are found between plantations versus grasses. In general, willow plantations are located in agriculture-dominated areas (> 70% at 500 m, > 50% at 2000 m), whereas reed canary grass is in forest-dominated landscapes (> 30% at 500 m, > 60% at 2000 m); both contribute to diversifying existing land uses although with varying effects. The results of this study are a basis to assess the impacts of energy crops at landscape level and can translate into applications in energy policy and planning.
Origin, course, and distribution of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve and the spatial relationship among its branches
Authors: Jiamjunyasiri Areeya , Tsutsumi Masahiro , Muro Satoru , Akita Keiichi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to elucidate the origin, course, and distribution of the branches of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve, considering the segmental and dorsoventral compositions of the sacral plexus, including the pudendal nerve. The buttocks and thighs of five cadavers were analyzed bilaterally. The branches emerged from the sacral plexus, which was divided dorsally to ventrally into the superior gluteal, inferior gluteal, common peroneal, tibial, and pudendal nerves. It descended lateral to the ischial tuberosity and comprised the thigh, gluteal, and perineal branches. As for the thigh and gluteal branches, the dorsoventral order of those originating from the sacral plexus corresponded to the lateromedial order of their distribution. However, the dorsoventral boundary was displaced at the inferior margin of the gluteus maximus between the thigh and gluteal branches. The perineal branch originated from the ventral branch of the nerve roots. In addition, the pudendal nerve branches, which ran medially to the ischial tuberosity, were distributed in the medial part of the inferior gluteal region. These branches should be distinguished from the gluteal branches; the former should be classified as the medial inferior cluneal nerves and the latter as the lateral ones. Finally, the medial part of the inferior gluteal region was distributed by branches of the dorsal sacral rami, which may correspond to the medial cluneal nerves. Thus, the composition of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve is considered necessary when considering the dorsoventral relationships of the sacral plexus and boundaries of the dorsal and ventral rami.
Hydrologic Connectivity and Flow Generation from California Vernal Pool, Swale, and Headwater Stream Complexes to Downstream Waters
Authors: Stepchinski Leanne M. , Rains Mark C. , Lee Lyndon C. , Lis Richard A. , Nutter Wade L. , Rains Kai C. , Stewart Scott R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMany headwater wetlands are integrated into flowpath networks and can serve as sources of streamflow for downgradient waters. We demonstrate this with five years of data in vernal pool, swale, and headwater stream complexes in the Central Valley, California. Long-term United States Geological Survey data suggest that the mean flow duration from the smallest watersheds in this region, including those with vernal pool, swale, and headwater stream complexes, is ~ 85 days per year. Our data concur, indicating that the annual days of flow per year from our vernal pool, swale, and headwater stream complexes ranges from ~ 20–200, but is ~ 85 when annual precipitation is 100% of normal. Peak stages are evident first in vernal pools which then propagate sequentially downstream through swales, headwater streams, and to the Sacramento River at celerities of ~ 1-1.5 m/s, consistent with expected flood wave velocities. Geospatial analyses show that these vernal pool, swale, and headwater stream features cover > 4% of the study area. Our results suggest these systems can be significant sources of streamflow, and therefore play an important role in maintaining the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of downstream waters, which has important implications for the definition of waters of the United States subject to regulation under the Clean Water Act.
Efficacy assessment of methylcellulose-based thermoresponsive hydrogels loaded with gallium acetylacetonate in osteoclastic bone resorption
Authors: Ghanta Pratyusha , Winschel Timothy , Hessel Evin , Oyewumi Oluyinka , Czech Tori , Oyewumi Moses O. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Homeostatic imbalance involving progressive stimulation of osteoclast (OC) differentiation and function will lead to an increased risk of fragility fractures. In this regard, we investigated gallium acetylacetonate (GaAcAc) as a possible treatment for osteoclastic bone resorption. Further, the extent to which suitable delivery systems can enhance the therapeutic potential of GaAcAc was evaluated. GaAcAc solution (10–50 µg/mL) suppressed OC differentiation using murine monocytic RAW 264.7 or hematopoietic stem cells. Methylcellulose-based hydrogels were fabricated and characterized based on biocompatibility with bone cells, GaAcAc loading, and thermoresponsive behavior using storage (G′) and loss (G″) moduli parameters. Compared to GaAcAc solution, hydrogels loaded with GaAcAc (GaMH) were more effective in suppressing OC differentiation and function. The number and extent of bone resorption pits from ex vivo studies were markedly reduced with GaMH treatment. Mechanistic assessment of GaMH efficacy showed superiority, compared to GaAcAc solution, in downregulating the expression of key markers involved in mediating OC differentiation (such as NFAT2, cFos, TRAF6, and TRAP) as well as in bone resorption by OCs (cathepsin K or CTSK). Additional studies (in vitro and in vivo) suggested that the performance of GaMH could be ascribed to controlled release of GaAcAc and the ability to achieve prolonged bio-retention after injection in BALB/c mice, which plausibly maximized the therapeutic impact of GaAcAc. Overall, the work demonstrated, for the first time, the therapeutic efficacy of GaAcAc and the therapeutic potential of GaMH delivery systems in osteoclastic bone resorption.

Graphical Abstract
"Image missing"
Four new lanostane triterpenoids featuring extended π-conjugated systems from the stems of Kadsura coccinea
Authors: Zhang Qi-Qi , Hu Kun , Sun Han-Dong , Puno Pema-Tenzin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFour new 14(13 → 12)-abeolanostane triterpenoids featuring extended π-conjugated systems, kadcoccitanes E–H (1–4), were obtained from the stems of Kadsura coccinea through using a HPLC − UV-guided approach. Their structural and configurational determination was accomplished through extensive spectroscopic analysis coupled with quantum chemical calculations. Kadcoccitanes E–H were tested for their cytotoxic activities against five human tumor cell lines (HL-60, A-549, SMMC-7721, MDA-MB-231, SW-480) but none of them exhibited activities at the concentration 40 μM.
Graphical Abstract
Remineralization potential of phosphorylated chitosan and silver diamine fluoride in comparison to sodium fluoride varnish: invitro study
Authors: Mohamed Y. , Ashraf R. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the remineralization potential of phosphorylated chitosan nanoparticles (Pchi) and silver diamine fluoride (SDF) compared to sodium fluoride varnish (NaF) on microhardness of artificial carious lesions in a biomimetic minimally invasive approach that is being regarded as the future of preventive dentistry.

Methods
The sample size included 40 intact extracted maxillary anterior human teeth. Baseline microhardness was recorded using Vickers hardness test and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Artificial caries-like lesions were created on the exposed enamel by suspending all teeth in demineralizing solution for 10 days in a temperature of 37 °C and then the hardness and EDX were remeasured. Samples were then divided into four main groups: Group A (positive control group) n = 10, treated with NaF, Group B n = 10, treated with SDF, Group C n = 10, treated with Pchi and Group D (negative control group) n = 10 that received no treatment. After treatment, samples were incubated in artificial saliva solution at 37 °C in for 10 days and then reassessed. Data were then recorded, tabulated, and statistically analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis test and Wilcoxon signed test. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to analyze the morphological changes of enamel surface after treatment.

Results
Groups B and C showed the highest calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) content as well as hardness values, while group B had the highest percentage of fluoride. SEM revealed a smooth layer of mineral formed on the surface of enamel for both groups.

Conclusion
Pchi and SDF showed the highest increase in enamel microhardness and remineralization potential.

Clinical relevance
The minimally invasive approach for remineralization could be enhanced using SDF and Pchi.
Cross-kingdom Microbial Interactions Within the Oral Cavity and Their Implications for Oral Disease
Authors: Wijesinghe Gayan K. , Nobbs Angela H. , Bandara H. M. H. N. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This review serves to highlight the cross-kingdom interactions that can occur within the human oral cavity between fungus Candida albicans and oral bacteria, and their impact on the delicate balance between oral health and disease.

Recent Findings
A growing number of physical, chemical, and metabolic networks have been identified that underpin these cross-kingdom interactions. Moreover, these partnerships are often synergistic and can modulate microbial burden or virulence. This, in turn, can drive the onset or progression of oral diseases such as dental caries, periodontitis, denture-associated stomatitis, and oral cancer.

Summary
The impact of cross-kingdom interactions on the cellular, biochemical, and communal composition of oral microbial biofilms is increasingly clear. With growing insight into these processes at the molecular level, so this knowledge can be used to better inform the development of novel strategies to manipulate the oral microbiota to promote oral health and combat oral disease.
Effects of very low-calorie ketogenic diet on hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system
Authors: Barrea L. , Verde L. , Camajani E. , Šojat A. S. , Marina L. , Savastano S. , Colao A. , Caprio M. , Muscogiuri G. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis is a neuroendocrine system involved in controlling stress responses in humans under physiological and pathological conditions; cortisol is the main hormone produced by the HPA axis. It is known that calorie restriction acts as a stressor and can lead to an increase in cortisol production. Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) is a complex endocrine network regulating blood pressure and hydrosaline metabolism, whose final hormonal effector is aldosterone. RAAS activation is linked to cardiometabolic diseases, such as heart failure and obesity. Obesity has become a leading worldwide pandemic, associated with serious health outcomes. Calorie restriction represents a pivotal strategy to tackle obesity. On the other hand, it is well known that an increased activity of the HPA may favour visceral adipose tissue expansion, which may jeopardize a successful diet-induced weight loss. Very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) is a normoprotein diet with a drastic reduction of the carbohydrate content and total calorie intake. Thanks to its sustained protein content, VLCKD is extremely effective to reduce adipose tissue while preserving lean body mass and resting metabolic rate.

Purpose
The purpose of this narrative review is to gain more insights on the effects of VLCKD on the HPA axis and RAAS, in different phases of weight loss and in different clinical settings.
Can Homicide Serve as an Indicator of Non-lethal Crime? A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: van Breen Jolien A. , Devarakonda Sri Kruthi , Liem Marieke 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHomicide rates are often used as an indicator of levels of crime. The reasons for this are both practical and conceptual. Practically speaking, homicide statistics tend to be more reliable than statistics for other forms of crime. Conceptually speaking, homicide and other forms of crime are often considered to be related: homicide is seen as the “tip of the iceberg” of underlying crime. However, it remains unclear whether this convention is empirically justifiable. Here, we review empirical evidence for the idea that homicide can serve as an indicator of crime more generally. We identify 31 previous studies that include information on this issue. Findings indicate that homicide is related to other forms of crime (particularly violent crimes) in larger scale, and cross-sectional analyses, but studies focusing on smaller levels of analysis identify substantial variation depending on location or time frame being considered. We conclude that homicide can function as an indicator of violent crime in general, but no clear pattern emerges as to what that means concretely. To those authors wishing to use homicide as an indicator of (violent) crime, we recommend that they conduct and report preliminary work to establish to what extent this notion is justified within the context and time frame on which they wish to focus.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Explainable AI Model for Recognizing Financial Crisis Roots Based on Pigeon Optimization and Gradient Boosting Model
Authors: Torky Mohamed , Gad Ibrahim , Hassanien Aboul Ella 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUtilizing Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to forecast, recognize, and classify financial crisis roots are important research challenges that have attracted the interest of researchers. Moreover, the Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) concept enables AI techniques to interpret the results of processing and testing complex data patterns so that humans can find efficient ways to infer and interpret the logic behind classifying complex data patterns. This paper proposes a novel XAI model to automatically recognize financial crisis roots and interprets the features selection operation. Using a benchmark dataset, the proposed XAI model utilized the pigeon optimizer to optimize the feature selection operation, and then the Gradient Boosting classifier is utilized to recognize financial crisis roots based on the obtained reduct of the most important features. The practical results showed that the short-term interest rates feature is the most important feature by which financial crisis roots can be detected. Moreover, the classification results showed that the built-in Gradient Boosting classifier in the Pigeon Inspired Optimizer (PIO) algorithm achieved training and testing accuracy of 99% and 96.7%, respectively, in recognizing financial crisis roots, which is an efficient and better performance compared to the random forest classifier.
Life cycle assessment of alkali-activated materials: a systematic literature review
Authors: Nikravan Morteza , Firdous Rafia , Stephan Dietmar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe physical–mechanical, chemical, and durability characteristics of alkali-activated materials (AAMs) have been widely investigated. However, a critical gap in the literature is the lack of a comprehensive overview of recently published literature regarding the life cycle assessment (LCA) of these binders. This study aims to fill that gap by conducting a systematic literature review of globally published literature on the topic. This paper consolidates knowledge by searching different databases, focusing on LCA studies that used AAMs as pastes, mortars, concretes, bricks, and rammed earth/soil blocks. The selected articles were reviewed and categorized based on precursors, alkaline activators, functional units, system boundaries, life cycle inventory databases, allocation, impact methodologies, and software used.Additionally, this paper also critically analyzes the key challenges of LCA for AAMs. The major challenges were identified as selecting a functional unit, subjectivity in boundary systems, and data interpretation. This work concludes that AAMs show substantial advantages in global warming potential compared to ordinary Portland cement-based materials; however, the average of other categories such as marine ecotoxicity and ozone layer depletion has been reported to be higher than for the reference samples.
Patterns and drivers of glacier debris-cover development in the Afghanistan Hindu Kush Himalaya
Authors: Shokory Jamal A. N. , Lane Stuart N. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDebris-covered ice is widespread in mountain regions with debris an important control on surface ice melt and glacier retreat. Quantifying debris cover extent and its evolution through time over large regions remains a challenge. This study develops two Normalized Difference Supraglacial Debris Indices for mapping debris-covered ice based on thermal and near Infrared Landsat 8 bands. They were calibrated with field data. Validation suggests that they have a high level of accuracy. They are then applied to Landsat data for 2016 to produce the first detailed glacier inventory of the Afghanistan Hindu Kush Himalaya that includes debris cover. 3408 glaciers were identified which, for those ⩾0.01 km2 in area, gives an ice cover of 2,222 ± 11 km2 and a debris cover of 619 ± 40 km2. Principal components analysis was used to identify the most influential drivers of debris-covered ice extent. Lower proportions of debris cover were associated with glaciers with a higher elevation range, that were larger, longer and wider. These relations were statistically clearer when the dataset was broken down into climate and geological zones. A glaciers continue to shrink, the proportion of debris cover will become higher, making it more important to map debris cover reliably.
Tempered Radicalism: Zhang Dongsun and Chinese Guild Socialism, 1913–1922
Authors: Zhao Xuduo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the 1910s, guild socialism emerged as a response to the particular social and political problems of Britain and as a radical rebel against the established English socialist movement. From the beginning, guild socialism was characterized by its “Englishness”, and its global influences have largely been neglected. Through the case of Zhang Dongsun, a leading Chinese guild socialist, this article provides a transnational and comparative dimension of guild socialism and examines how its ideas were accepted, reinterpreted, and localized in a non-Western context. While English guildsmen propagated a strong anti-capitalist ideology and highlighted industrial democracy, mass self-government, and direct action, their Chinese comrades were advocating, at least temporarily, domination of the bourgeoisie and seeking to temper the radical social ethos motivated by the October Revolution. Guild socialism in China was deprived of its rebellious and militant elements and transformed into a moderate, wait-and-see theory that could, in Zhang's opinion, strike a perfect balance between elitism and mass democracy. Zhang's elitist interpretation of guild socialism showed his agency and ambition in pursuit of political modernity for China, but ironically it was his active reinterpretation that sealed the fate of Chinese guild socialism.