bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interstellar scintillation observations for PSR J0835−4510 at 6656 MHz
Authors: Xu Yonghua , Shi Xun , Lee Kejia , Hao Longfei , Li Zhixuan , Wang Min , Yuan Jianping , Xu Heng , Wu Ziwei , Jiang Jinchen , Huang Yuxiang , Wang Bojun , Shen Faxin , Cao Shuo 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Scintillation phenomena of pulsars provide an important tool for studying interstellar scattering screens and their properties. In this paper, we report pulsar scintillation phenomena of the PSR J0835−4510 at multiple epochs between MJD 58592 and MJD 58843 using the Kunming 40 m radio telescope at a centre frequency of 6656 MHz. We have measured the dynamic spectrum, and derived the scintillation time, bandwidth, and secondary spectrum at each observation epoch. For the first time, we report the detection of parabolic arc structure in the secondary spectra of PSR J0835−4510. Parabolic arcs with varying curvatures appear at all our observation epochs. We used both anisotropic and isotropic scattering screen models to fit the annual variations of arc curvature. While both models can fit the arc curvature variations equally well, the anisotropic model also explains the parabolic arc morphology and its time variation. In this model, the scattering is located at a fractional distance of s = 0.35 ± 0.10, or a distance Ds = 0.19 ± 0.03 kpc from the Earth, likely corresponding to the boundary of the Local Bubble.
Magnetically confined mountains on accreting neutron stars in general relativity
Authors: Rossetto Pedro H B , Frauendiener Jörg , Brunet Ryan , Melatos Andrew 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
The general relativistic formulation of the problem of magnetically confined mountains on neutron stars is presented, and the resulting equations are solved numerically, generalizing previous Newtonian calculations. The hydromagnetic structure of the accreted matter and the subsequent magnetic burial of the star’s magnetic dipole moment are computed. Overall, it is observed that relativistic corrections reduce the hydromagnetic deformation associated with the mountain. The magnetic field lines are curved more gently than in previous calculations, and the screening of the dipole moment is reduced. Quantitatively, it is found that the dimensionless dipole moment (md) depends on the accreted mass (Ma) as md = −3.2 × 103Ma/M⊙ + 1.0, implying approximately three times less screening compared to the Newtonian theory. Additionally, the characteristic scale height of the mountain, governing the gradients of quantities like pressure, density, and magnetic field strength, reduces by approximately 40 per cent for an isothermal equation of state.
How Does Policy Uncertainty Affect Venture Capital?
Authors: Tian Xuan , Wang Yichu , Ye Kailei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper examines the effect of policy uncertainty on venture capital (VC) investment. Relying on plausibly exogenous variation in policy uncertainty caused by closely contested U.S. gubernatorial elections, we find that policy uncertainty negatively affects VC investment. The effect is more pronounced if VC investment is subject to higher illiquidity. However, some distinctive features of VCs (strategic motives, intensive post-investment monitoring, and preferences for early-stage and high-tech ventures) mitigate the effect of policy uncertainty, distinguishing the effect of policy uncertainty on VC investments (in private markets) from that in public markets. Our findings shed new light on the real effects of policy uncertainty in private markets. (JEL G24, D81, M13)
Received: June 17, 2020; Editorial decision: June 27, 2023 by Editor: Andrew Ellul
National Provider Survey: Use of Naltrexone for Pregnant Individuals with Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Deflorimonte Chloe , Glissendorf Viktorria , Hofer Julia , Cai Annette , Iannella Nicole , Boateng Jeffery O. , Carter Ginny , Saia Kelley A. , Jones Hendree E. , Wachman Elisha M. 
Published: September 2023

Objectives
A national survey evaluated the availability of naltrexone as a treatment for alcohol use disorder and/or opioid use disorder for pregnant individuals. Provider perceptions of barriers to treatment with naltrexone during pregnancy were also examined.

Methods
Sites were selected from a national registry of naltrexone prescribers (N = 5208). A 10% sampling of sites within 150 miles of each state’s capital was selected (n = 2073). Survey of 11 questions included availability of naltrexone for pregnant individuals, standard practices for treating pregnant individuals already on naltrexone, and barriers to treatment. Survey responses were summarized to identify top barriers and national trends in service availability.

Results
Of the 236 sites contacted, 78 (33.1%) completed the survey. There was significant geographic variation in number of available sites, with Northeast United States having the most sites. Of the 78 responding sites, only 23 (35.9%) offered naltrexone for pregnant individuals. The most common barriers to prescribing naltrexone included the following: sites without pregnant patients (15.6%), lack of national guidelines in using naltrexone for pregnant patients (14.1%), providers’ discomfort with prescribing naltrexone during pregnancy due to safety concerns (9.4%), and providers’ discomfort due to inexperience (4.7%)

Conclusions
Accessibility of naltrexone and related care for pregnant individuals with alcohol use disorder and opioid use disorder varies greatly across the United States with numerous barriers and educational gaps identified. Additional research and resources are needed to expand naltrexone treatment access for pregnant individuals.
Using Technology to Detect Erythema Across Skin Tones
Authors: Sonenblum Sharon Eve , Patel Rahee , Phrasavath Sarah , Xu Sharon , Bates-Jensen Barbara M. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To examine the effectiveness of the ColorMeter DSM III (ColorMeter; Cortex Technology) at grouping individuals by skin tone and measuring erythema/skin discoloration after erythema induction across skin tones.

METHODS
This pre/post experimental study induced erythema on a convenience sample of 61 healthy adults. Skin tone at baseline was measured using the ColorMeter, Munsell Soil Color Chart 5YR (Munsell), and Pantone SkinTone Guide (Pantone) and compared with the Eumelanin Human Skin Colour Scale (Eumelanin Scale) groupings. Erythema and melanin values on the arm immediately and after recovery time were compared with baseline values. Melanin was measured at five body regions on the face and arm.

RESULTS
Participants were predominantly women (64% [n = 39] women, 36% [n = 22] men) and young (mean, 28.8 ± 14.3 years); 5% (n = 3) were Hispanic, 26% (n = 16) Asian, 29% (n = 18) Black, 38% (n = 23) White, and 7% (n = 4) identified with more than one race. ColorMeter lightness (L*) and melanin measures were strongly correlated with both Munsell and Pantone values. Munsell skin tone groups were not aligned with Eumelanin Scale groupings. Most participants were in the Eumelanin intermediate-low group, and this changed depending on which body location melanin value was used. The change in erythema from baseline did not differ significantly across skin tone groups at the ulnar head, but on the forearm at the delayed time point, significant differences existed between light and both medium and dark skin tone groups (P = .001; 95% CI, 0.04-0.37).

CONCLUSIONS
The ColorMeter provides an effective objective measure of skin tone and erythema/discoloration across various skin tones and may improve on current standards for detection. The proposed Eumelanin Scale–Modified provides additional sensitivity for persons with medium skin tones.
Long-Term Outcome of Cochlear Implantation in Children With Congenital, Perilingual, and Postlingual Single-Sided Deafness
Authors: Arndt Susan , Findeis Lydia , Wesarg Thomas , Aschendorff Antje , Speck Iva , Ketterer Manuel Christoph , Rauch Ann-Kathrin 
Published: September 2023

Objectives:
We investigated the long-term outcomes of children with single-sided deafness (SSD) after cochlear implant (CI) surgery, during and after rehabilitation, and compared the results of children with congenital, perilingual, and postlingual SSD. We evaluated the impact of SSD at age at onset and duration of deafness on their performance.

Design:
Thirty-six children with SSD treated with CI participated in the study: 20 had congenital, seven perilingual (defined: >0 to 4 years), and nine had postlingual deafness (defined as >4 years of age). Their outcome with CI were measured on both subjective and objective scales: duration of device use, speech intelligibility in noise and in quiet, bilateral hearing and localization ability, quality of life and hearing, presence and loudness of tinnitus, and hearing ability of the better hearing ear.

Results:
After a mean follow-up time of 4.75 years, 32 of the 36 children used their CI on a regular basis. The remaining four children were nonusers. These children had congenital SSD and were older than three years at the time of CI surgery. Overall, for congenital/perilingual and postlingual SSD, speech intelligibility in noise and the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ) speech subscore were significantly improved, as were their subjective and objective localization ability and hearing-related quality of life. Children with postlingual SSD benefited from the CI with regard to speech intelligibility, SSQ speech/spatial/total score, and localization error, and children with congenital SSD showed better results with a short duration of deafness of less than 3 years compared with those with a longer deafness period.

Conclusions:
Cochlear implantation is a successful treatment for children with congenital/perilingual or postlingual SSD. Results largely differed with respect to the onset and duration of deafness, and better outcomes were achieved by children with postlingual SSD and with a short duration of deafness. Our data also confirmed that children with congenital SSD should be implanted with a CI within three years of age.
Comorbidities in Male Patients With Lichen Sclerosus: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Hieta Niina K. , Haataja Marjut A.M. , Tapana Lotta 
Published: September 2023

Objective
Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. In male patients, it usually involves the glans penis and foreskin and can cause phimosis or meatal stenosis. The aim of this cross-sectional case-control study was to identify clinically important comorbidities in male patients with LS.

Materials and Methods
By searching Turku University Hospital electronic health records, the authors identified 630 male patients diagnosed with LS between 2004 and 2020. To investigate possible comorbidities, the authors compared this patient group to a 10-fold larger control group.

Results
The incidence of LS increased during the study period, from 5 to 27.5 per 100,000 men. Patients were most often diagnosed at 21 to 25 years of age. Patients with LS exhibited markedly increased risks of penile carcinoma (odds ratio [OR], 81.0; 95% CI = 10.82–3516.7; p < .001) and carcinoma in situ of the penis (OR = 60.5; 95% CI = 7.32–2738.9; p < .001). Patients also more commonly exhibited lichen planus (OR = 16.8; 95% CI = 8.97–32.39; p < .001), psoriasis (OR = 3.3; 95% CI = 1.80–5.70; p = .004), angina pectoris (OR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.10–2.81; p = .013), obesity (OR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.72–3.77; p < .001), type 2 diabetes (OR = 2.3; 95% CI = 1.74–3.09; p < .001), and hypertension (OR = 1.9; 95% CI = 1.53–2.37; p < .001). The most commonly performed urological procedures were operation for phimosis, uroflowmetry, and ultrasound measurement of residual urine.

Conclusions
Genital malignancies, other dermatological conditions, and diseases related to metabolic syndrome should be considered when treating patients with LS.
Barriers and Facilitators to Implementing Health Literacy Practices in a Pediatric ENT Clinic
Authors: Howe Carol J. , Lewis Brennan , Edmondson Shelby 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Despite strong evidence of improved patient outcomes, clinicians have been slow to adopt health literacy practices.

Purpose:
To identify facilitators and barriers to implementing health literacy practices into clinical care.

Methods:
Stakeholders (N = 40) completed surveys of acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility, conviction, and confidence with teach-back practices. Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), interviews (n = 12) were conducted and analyzed.

Results:
Most reported high acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility, but low confidence in using teach-back. Facilitators included leadership engagement and relative advantage. Barriers were related to compatibility due to time and workflow constraints. The CFIR-ERIC (Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change) Implementation Strategy Matching Tool was applied to select implementation strategies.

Conclusions:
The CFIR framework along with the CFIR-ERIC Matching Strategy Tool helped the research team select strategies likely to yield successful implementation and sustained use of health literacy practices.
Volumetrically tracking retinal and choroidal structural changes in central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: Wang Bingjie , Brown Richard , Chhablani Jay , Pi Shaohua 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCentral serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) leads to accumulation of subretinal fluid and retinal thickness change, which can be readily detected in clinics using optical coherence tomography (OCT). However, current quantification methods usually require sophisticated processing such as retinal layer segmentations, and volumetric visualization of structural changes is generally challenging, which can hinder fast and accurate assessment of disease progression and/or treatment efficacy. In this study, we developed an algorithm that can register the OCT scans acquired from different visits without requiring prior layer segmentation and calculated the three-dimensional (3-D) structural change maps for patients with CSCR. Our results demonstrate that this tool can be useful in monitoring the progression of CSCR and revealing the resolution of pathologies following treatment automatically with minimal pre-processing.
A TrkB and TrkC partial agonist restores deficits in synaptic function and promotes activity-dependent synaptic and microglial transcriptomic changes in a late-stage Alzheimer’s mouse model
Authors: Latif-Hernandez Amira , Yang Tao , Raymond-Butler Robert , Losada Patricia Moran , Minhas Paras , White Halle , Tran Kevin C. , Liu Harry , Simmons Danielle A. , Langness Vanessa , Andreasson Katrin , Wyss-Coray Tony , Longo Frank M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionTrkB and TrkC receptor signaling promotes synaptic plasticity and interacts with pathways affected by amyloid-β (Aβ)-toxicity. Upregulating TrkB/C signaling could reduce Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-related degenerative signaling, memory loss, and synaptic dysfunction.MethodsPTX-BD10-2 (BD10-2), a small molecule TrkB/C receptor partial agonist, was orally administered to aged London/Swedish-APP mutant mice (APPL/S) and wild-type controls (WT). Effects on memory and hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) were assessed using electrophysiology, behavioral studies, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence staining, and RNA-sequencing.ResultsMemory and LTP deficits in APPL/Smice were attenuated by treatment with BD10-2. BD10-2 prevented aberrant AKT, CaMKII, and GLUA1 phosphorylation, and enhanced activity-dependent recruitment of synaptic proteins. BD10-2 also had potentially favorable effects on LTP-dependent complement pathway and synaptic gene transcription.ConclusionsBD10-2 prevented APPL/S/Aβ-associated memory and LTP deficits, reduced abnormalities in synapse-related signaling and activity-dependent transcription of synaptic genes, and bolstered transcriptional changes associated with microglial immune response.
Near-infrared imaging of phytochrome-derived autofluorescence in plant nuclei
Authors: Yoshinari Akira , Isoda Reika , Yagi Noriyoshi , Sato Yoshikatsu , Lindeboom Jelmer J. , Ehrhardt David W. , Frommer Wolf B. , Nakamura Masayoshi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCapturing images of the nuclear dynamics within live cells is an essential technique for comprehending the intricate biological processes inherent to plant cell nuclei. While various methods exist for imaging nuclei, including combining fluorescent proteins and dyes with microscopy, there is a dearth of commercially available dyes for live-cell imaging. InArabidopsis thaliana, we discovered that nuclei emit autofluorescence in the near-infrared (NIR) range of the spectrum and devised a non-invasive technique for the visualization of live cell nuclei using this inherent NIR autofluorescence. Our studies demonstrated the capability of the NIR imaging technique to visualize the dynamic behavior of nuclei within primary roots, root hairs, and pollen tubes, which are tissues that harbor a limited number of other organelles displaying autofluorescence. We further demonstrated the applicability of NIR autofluorescence imaging in various other tissues by incorporating fluorescence lifetime imaging techniques. Nuclear autofluorescence was also detected across a wide range of plant species, enabling analyses without the need for transformation. The nuclear autofluorescence in the NIR wavelength range was not observed in animal or yeast cells. Genetic analysis revealed that this autofluorescence was caused by the phytochrome protein. Our studies demonstrated that nuclear autofluorescence imaging can be effectively employed not only in model plants but also for studying nuclei in non-model plant species.
Reticulate evolution and rapid development of reproductive barriers upon secondary contact pose challenges for species delineation in a forest fungus
Authors: Lu Dabao Sun , Peris David , Sønstebø Jørn Henrik , James Timothy Y. , Rieseberg Loren H. , Maurice Sundy , Kauserud Håvard , Ravinet Mark , Skrede Inger 
Published: September 2023

AbstractReproductive barriers within morphospecies of the mushroom-forming fungi tend to be stronger between sympatric lineages, leading to speculation on whether they are being reinforced by selection against hybrids. In this study we use population genomic analyses together within vitrocrosses of a global sample of the wood decay fungusTrichaptum abietinumto investigate reproductive barriers within this morphotaxon and the processes that have shaped them. Our phylogeographic analyses show that the morphospecies is delimited into six major lineages, one in Asia, two in Europe, and three in North America. The two lineages present in Europe are interfertile and admixed, whereas our crosses show that the North American lineages are reproductively isolated. In Asia a more complex pattern appears, with partial intersterility between multiple sub-lineages that likely originated independently and more recently than the reproductive barriers in North America. We found pre-mating barriers inT. abietinumto be moderately correlated with genomic divergence, whereas fitness of the mated hybrids showed a strong positive correlation with increasing genomic divergence. Genome wide association analyses identified candidate genes with programmed cell death annotations, which are known to be involved in intersterility in distantly related fungi. Our demographic modelling and phylogenetic network analyses suggest that reproductive barriers inTrichaptum abietinumcould have been reinforced upon secondary contact between lineages that diverged in allopatry during the Pleistocene glacial cycles. Our combination of experimental and genomic approaches demonstrate howT. abietinumis a tractable system for studying speciation mechanims.
Pangenome databases provide superior host removal and mycobacteria classification from clinical metagenomic data
Authors: Hall Michael B. , Coin Lachlan J.M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundCulture-free real-time sequencing of clinical metagenomic samples promises both rapid pathogen detection and antimicrobial resistance profiling. However, this approach introduces the risk of patient DNA leakage. To mitigate this risk, we need near-comprehensive removal of human DNA sequence at the point of sequencing, typically involving use of resource-constrained devices. Existing benchmarks have largely focused on use of standardised databases and largely ignored the computational requirements of depletion pipelines as well as the impact of human genome diversity.ResultsWe benchmarked host removal pipelines on simulated Illumina and Nanopore metagenomic samples. We found that construction of a custom kraken database containing diverse human genomes results in the best balance of accuracy and computational resource usage. In addition, we benchmarked pipelines using kraken and minimap2 for taxonomic classification ofMycobacteriumreads using standard and custom databases. With a database representative of theMycobacteriumgenus, both tools obtained near-perfect precision and recall for classification ofMycobacterium tuberculosis. Computational efficiency of these custom databases was again superior to most standard approaches, allowing them to be executed on a laptop device.ConclusionsNanopore sequencing and a custom kraken human database with a diversity of genomes leads to superior host read removal from simulated metagenomic samples while being executable on a laptop. In addition, constructing a taxon-specific database provides excellent taxonomic read assignment while keeping runtime and memory low. We make all customised databases and pipelines freely available.
High-affinity binding to the SARS-CoV-2 spike trimer by a nanostructured, trivalent protein-DNA synthetic antibody
Authors: Xu Yang , Zheng Rong , Prasad Abhay , Liu Minghui , Wan Zijian , Zhou Xiaoyan , Porter Ryan M. , Sample Matthew , Poppleton Erik , Procyk Jonah , Liu Hao , Li Yize , Wang Shaopeng , Yan Hao , Sulc Petr , Stephanopoulos Nicholas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMultivalency enables nanostructures to bind molecular targets with high affinity. Although antibodies can be generated against a wide range of antigens, their shape and size cannot be tuned to match a given target. DNA nanotechnology provides an attractive approach for designing customized multivalent scaffolds due to the addressability and programmability of the nanostructure shape and size. Here, we design a nanoscale synthetic antibody (“nano-synbody”) based on a three-helix bundle DNA nanostructure with one, two, or three identical arms terminating in a mini-binder protein that targets the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The nano-synbody was designed to match the valence and distance between the three receptor binding domains (RBDs) in the spike trimer, in order to enhance affinity. The protein-DNA nano-synbody shows tight binding to the wild-type, Delta, and several Omicron variants of the SARS-CoV-2 spike trimer, with affinity increasing as the number of arms increases from one to three. The effectiveness of the nano-synbody was also verified using a pseudovirus neutralization assay, with the three-arm nanostructure inhibiting two Omicron variants against which the structures with only one or two arms are ineffective. The structure of the three-arm nano-synbody bound to the Omicron variant spike trimer was solved by negative-stain transmission electron microscopy reconstruction, and shows the protein-DNA nanostructure with all three arms attached to the RBD domains, confirming the intended trivalent attachment. The ability to tune the size and shape of the nano-synbody, as well as its potential ability to attach two or more different binding ligands, will enable the high-affinity targeting of a range of proteins not possible with traditional antibodies.