bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic status as a risk factor for motoric cognitive risk syndrome in a community‐dwelling population: A longitudinal observational study
Authors: Mullin Donncha S. , Stirland Lucy E. , Russ Tom C. , Luciano Michelle , Muniz‐Terrera Graciela 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundMotoric cognitive risk (MCR) is a syndrome characterised by measured slow gait speed and self‐reported cognitive complaints. MCR is a high‐risk state for adverse health outcomes in older adults, particularly cognitive impairment and dementia. Previous studies have identified risk factors for MCR, but the effect of socioeconomic status has, to date, been insufficiently examined. This study explored the association between MCR and socioeconomic status, as determined by occupational social class and years of education.MethodsSome 692 community‐based adults of the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (LBC1936), aged 70 years at baseline, were followed up after 6 years and classified into non‐MCR and MCR groups. We applied logistic regression analyses adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and health covariates to investigate the association between MCR and years of education and occupational social class, categorised into manual versus non‐manual occupations.ResultsMCR prevalence at age 76 years was 5.6% (95% CI 4.0–7.6). After multivariate adjustment, participants of lower socioeconomic status (manual occupation) had a greater than three‐fold increased likelihood of MCR (adjusted odds ratio 3.55, 95% CI 1.46–8.74; p = 0.005) compared with those of higher socioeconomic status (non‐manual occupation).ConclusionsWorking in a manual job earlier in life triples the risk of MCR later in life, regardless of education. Unravelling this association will likely reveal important pathophysiological mechanisms underlying MCR and may unearth modifiable risk factors which could be targeted to reduce the incidence of MCR and, ultimately, dementia. Policy and healthcare practice addressing dementia risks such as MCR in their social context and early in the lifecourse could be effective strategies for reducing health inequalities in older age.
Gastrointestinal barriers to levodopa transport and absorption in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Leta Valentina , Klingelhoefer Lisa , Longardner Katherine , Campagnolo Marta , Levent Hafize Çotur , Aureli Federico , Metta Vinod , Bhidayasiri Roongroj , Chung‐Faye Guy , Falup‐Pecurariu Cristian , Stocchi Fabrizio , Jenner Peter , Warnecke Tobias , Ray Chaudhuri K. ,   International Parkinson and Movement Disorders Society Non‐Motor Parkinson's Disease Study Group
Published: February 2023

AbstractLevodopa is the gold standard for the symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). There are well documented motor and non‐motor fluctuations, however, that occur almost inevitably once levodopa is started after a variable period in people with PD. Whilst brain neurodegenerative processes play a part in the pathogenesis of these fluctuations, a range of barriers across the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can alter levodopa pharmacokinetics, ultimately contributing to non‐optimal levodopa response and symptoms fluctuations. GI barriers to levodopa transport and absorption include dysphagia, delayed gastric emptying, constipation, Helicobacter pylori infection, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and gut dysbiosis. In addition, a protein‐rich diet and concomitant medication intake can further alter levodopa pharmacokinetics. This can result in unpredictable or sub‐optimal levodopa response, ‘delayed on’ or ‘no on’ phenomena. In this narrative review, we provided an overview on the plethora of GI obstacles to levodopa transport and absorption in PD and their implications on levodopa pharmacokinetics and development of motor fluctuations. In addition, management strategies to address GI dysfunction in PD are highlighted, including use of non‐oral therapies to bypass the GI tract.
Legislative capacity, bureaucratic reputation, and delegation from a trust perspective: A survey experiment
Authors: Zhang Jiasheng , Yang Kaifeng , Li Hui 
Published: February 2023

AbstractChallenging the assumptions of the principal‐agent theory, the recent bureaucratic politics literature contends that politicians do not necessarily have weaker capacities and bureaucrats are not necessarily bad apples. What this means for the delegation decision remains underexplored, particularly regarding how legislative capacity and bureaucratic reputation jointly affect delegation. We examine this issue with a trust perspective and a survey experiment of city mayors. Treating bureaucratic reputation as individual trustworthiness and perceived legislative capacity as institutional trustworthiness, we find they interact in complex ways in influencing delegation. When bureaucratic reputation is high, perceived legislative capacity is not associated with delegation. Perceived legislative capacity matters only when bureaucratic reputation is low, and high capacity relates to greater delegation willingness than when capacity is not considered. The findings have implications for studies on delegation, discretion, and bureaucratic reputation.
Improving scale adaptation practices in information systems research: Development and validation of a cognitive validity assessment method
Authors: Pillet Jean‐Charles , Carillo Kevin D. , Vitari Claudio , Pigni Federico 
Published: February 2023

AbstractScale adaptation, where authors alter the wording of an already published scale, is a deeply rooted social practice in IS research. This paper argues that the time is ripe to question this activity as well as the beliefs that have progressively formed around it. We identify and challenge five fallacious scale adaptation beliefs that hinder the development of more robust measure development norms. Contributing to this area of research, this paper offers a conceptual definition of the cognitive validity concept, defined as the extent to which a scale is free of problematic item characteristics (PICs) that bias the survey response process and subsequent empirical results. Building on this conceptualization effort, a new methodological process for assessing the cognitive validity of adapted IS measures is introduced. Through a series of three programmatic studies, we find converging evidence that the method can benefit the IS field by making the scale adaptation process more robust, transparent, and consistent. Along with the method, we introduce a new index that IS scholars can use to benchmark the cognitive quality of their scales against venerable IS measures. We discuss the implications of our work for IS research (including detailed implementation guidelines) and provide directions for future research on measurement in IS.
The influence of meaningful activities in the quality of life and functional autonomy of adults with intellectual disability: A prospective study during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Muñoz‐López Saray , Molina‐Garcia Pablo , Gutiérrez‐Cruz Carmen , Ubago‐Díaz Rocio , Romero‐Ayuso Dulce , Ariza‐Vega Patrocinio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic might negatively impact the quality of life and functional autonomy of Spanish adults with intellectual disability, and meaningful activities could prevent this negative progression.MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study in Spanish adults with intellectual disability during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Quality of life, functional autonomy and functional independence were measured. The meaningful activities studied were structured‐leisure, community self‐management, and occupational and physical activities.ResultsSeventy‐three participants were included in the study. Quality of life and functional autonomy significantly deteriorated during the COVID‐19 pandemic (all p > .001). Greater participation in community self‐management activities before COVID‐19 was associated with less detriment to quality of life (ß = −.312; p = .008), while greater participation in occupational and physical activities was associated with less detriment to the performance of instrumental activities (ß = −.317; p = .016; and ß = −.285; p = .030, respectively).ConclusionPeople with intellectual disability living in residential homes experienced a decrease in their quality of life and functional autonomy during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Their involvement in community self‐management activities and physical and occupational activities before the pandemic had preventive effects on the detriment to the quality of life and functional autonomy.
PHF6 promotes the progression of endometrial carcinoma by increasing cancer cells growth and decreasing T‐cell infiltration
Authors: Wang Xiaomin , Fang Aizhong , Peng Yichen , Yu Jianyu , Yu Chunna , Xie Jinxuan , Zheng Yi , Song Lairong , Li Parker , Li Jia , Kang Xun , Lin Yi , Li Wenbin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) is the most common cancer of the female reproductive tract. The overall survival of advanced and recurrent UCEC patients is still unfavourable nowadays. It is urgent to find a predictive biomarker and block tumorgenesis at an early stage. Plant homeodomain finger protein 6 (PHF6) is a key player in epigenetic regulation, and its alterations lead to various diseases, including tumours. Here, we found that PHF6 expression was upregulated in UCEC tissues compared with normal tissues. The UCEC patients with high PHF6 expression had poor survival than UCEC patients with low PHF6 expression. PHF6 mutation occurred in 12% of UCEC patients, and PHF6 mutation predicted favourable clinical outcome in UCEC patients. Depletion of PHF6 effectively inhibited HEC‐1‐A and KLE cell proliferation in vitro and decreased HEC‐1‐A cell growth in vivo. Furthermore, high PHF6 level indicated a subtype of UCECs characterized by low immune infiltration, such as CD3+ T‐cell infiltration. While knockdown of PHF6 in endometrial carcinoma cells increased T‐cell migration by promoting IL32 production and secretion. Taken together, our findings suggested that PHF6 might play an oncogenic role in UCEC patients. Thus, PHF6 could be a potential biomarker in predicting the prognosis of UCEC patients. Depletion of PHF6 may be a novel therapeutic strategy for UCEC patients.
Water temperature explains part of the variation in basal plasma cortisol level within and between fish species
Authors: Alfonso Sébastien , Houdelet Camille , Bessa Eduardo , Geffroy Benjamin , Sadoul Bastien 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWithin the thermal tolerance range of fish, metabolism is known to escalate with warming. Rapid thermic changes also trigger a series of physiological responses, including activation of the stress axis, producing cortisol. Fish have adapted to their environment by producing a low level of plasmatic cortisol when unstressed (basal), so that thriving in their natural temperature should not impact their basal cortisol levels. Yet, surprisingly, little is known on how temperature affects cortisol within and between fish species. Here, we conducted a phylogenetic meta‐analysis to (1) test whether temperature can explain the differences in basal cortisol between species and (2) evaluate the role of temperature on differences in cortisol levels between individuals of a same species. To do this, we retrieved basal plasma cortisol data from 126 studies, investigating 33 marine and freshwater fish species, and correlated it to water temperature. Intra‐species variability in basal plasma cortisol levels was further investigated in two species: the European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax and the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Factors such as life stage, sex and weight were also considered in the analyses. Overall, our phylogenetic analysis revealed a clear positive correlation between basal cortisol level and the temperature at which the fish live. The role of temperature has also been confirmed within D. labrax, while it failed to be significant in O. niloticus. In this paper, the influence of habitat, life stage, sex and weight on basal plasma cortisol levels is also discussed. Since some abiotic parameters were not included in the analysis, our study is a call to encourage scientists to systematically report other key factors such as dissolved oxygen or salinity to fully depict the temperature‐cortisol relationship in fishes.
Suggestions for overcoming the barriers to critical thinking in nursing
Authors: Christodoulakis Antonios , Zografakis Sfakianakis Michael , Tsiligianni Ioanna 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNurses strive to provide the best quality of care to their patients in a stressful and constantly changing environment. Critical thinking (CT) could help nurses provide better quality of care to their patients. However, studies have shown that nurses either have low levels of CT or underutilize it during clinical practice. A possible explanation could be that nurses experience barriers during the development and/or utilization of CT. Since CT can be cultivated during university, nurse educators could utilize methods that improve CT. However, nurse educators do not sufficiently develop the CT of their students, since they usually rely on teacher‐centered methods and not active learning methods. On the other hand, during clinical practice nurses cope with several barriers that inhibit their ability to use CT, such as: lack of teamwork, high levels of stress, time constraints, and understaffing. All these barriers decrease the utilization of CT and the quality of care that nurses provide. The present commentary suggests a simple strategy that could be used by educators and assist graduate nurses overcome the barriers to utilize CT during clinical practice. This strategy consists of three distinct components, namely: individual, interdisciplinary, and administrative. Each component could be used individually to improve the CT of nurses depending on the available resources and facilities. Nevertheless, educators by improving the CT of nurses could assist them in providing better quality of care.
Sex trafficking by consent? Andean padrinazgo, illegal mining in Amazonia, and state intervention
Authors: Shepherd Christopher , Barrantes Carmen Luisa 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRising gold prices have led to the expansion of illegal gold mining in Peru's southwestern Amazon region. This is accompanied by an increase in sex trafficking of Indigenous girls and women from the southern Andes. This article focuses on the emerging economic and cultural connections that span Andean and Amazonian mining and sex trafficking migration in the region. The notion of precarity is applied to assess victims’ agency within a racialized, neoliberal, informal labor market at the fringes of global capitalism. In tracing the trajectory of trafficked adolescents from highlands to lowlands and, in some cases, into state‐run shelters, the role of padrinazgo (patronage of godparents) is explored. It is argued that trafficked subjects’ choices are circumscribed by padrinazgo‐type relationships with traffickers, according to which they pursue a “preferred precarity” across competing existential, vocational, and subjective states.
Hyperbaric oxygenation therapy improve recovery in early or late vascular occlusion generates by tissue fillers
Authors: Rodriguez‐Valera Adriana , Nieto‐Lopez Francisco 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionAesthetic medicine is characterized by the efficacy and safety of treatments. Although sometimes adverse events could be occurred, in this case vascular occlusion is the most serious of them. The tissue is deprived of oxygen and there is a possibility of necrosis, so it is necessary to remove the tissue filler and promote oxygenation.ObjectiveWe propose the hyperbaric oxygenation treatment to oxygenate the tissue after vascular occlusion generated by a tissue filler such as Hyaluronic Acid.ResultsWe show how hyperbaric oxygenation treatment is an adjuvant therapy after vascular occlusion, improving tissue regeneration and prevent or limit scars or sequelae.ConclusionHyperbaric oxygenation treatment is a safe and effective method to treat vascular accident, improving tissue oxygenation in early cases and improving tissue regeneration in cases with necrosis.
Immunohistochemical analysis with apoptosis and autophagy markers in periodontitis and peri‐implantitis: Clinical comparative study
Authors: Ozkocer Ozkan , Ozkocer Suheyla Esra , Guler Berceste , Uraz Corekci Ahu , Elmas Cigdem , Yalım Mehmet 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesRecently, the terms autophagy and apoptosis have been studied on implants, especially in cell culture and in vitro studies, but in vivo evaluations are limited. The aim of this study was to compare the differences in apoptosis and autophagy intensity at the molecular and cellular level in periodontal and peri‐implant diseases.MethodsSixty‐four biopsy samples were obtained from 52 patients, 36 female and 16 male, whose mean age was between 18 and 75, and were included in the study. The periodontitis group was defined as PG (n:30 sample) and the peri‐implantitis group as IG (n:34 samples). Granulation tissues as biopsy materials were collected, and immunohistochemical analysis was performed with hematoxylin–eosin, Masson's trichrome, anti‐MAP1LC3A, anti‐beclin, and anti‐active caspase‐3 antibodies and terminal TdT‐mediated dUTP‐biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) methods. The histological slide images were evaluated with the ImageJ software program. Inflammatory cell density in epithelial tissue, inflammatory cell density in connective tissue, the density of necrotic tissue debris, and collagen density in connective tissue were scored between 0 and 3 (0: none, 1: minimal, 2: moderate, 3: severe by hematoxylin–eosin and Masson's trichrome). The antibody binding reaction areas were evaluated per unit area (mm2) in connective tissue by immunohistochemical examination.ResultsAs histochemical evaluations, there was no statistically significant differences the mean inflammatory cell density value in the epithelial tissue, inflammatory cell density value in the connective tissue, density value of necrotic tissue debris, collagen density value in the connective tissue between the groups. There was no statistically significant difference on immunohistochemical staining with LC3, caspase‐3, Beclin‐1 and TUNEL between the two groups (p > .05).ConclusionsA higher rate of inflammatory accumulation was shown on peri‐implantitis, but no difference was found between periodontitis and peri‐implantitis according to autophagy and apoptosis markers. Studies with high sample sizes with different markers are needed.
Emerging nondestructive techniques to quantify the textural properties of food: A state‐of‐art review
Authors: Mishra Gayatri , Sahni Prashant , Pandiselvam Ravi , Panda Brajesh Kumar , Bhati Dolly , Mahanti Naveen Kumar , Kothakota Anjineyulu , Kumar Manoj , Cozzolino Daniel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTexture is an important sensory attribute that drives consumer acceptance of any food material. In recent times consumers' demand for high‐quality food urges food industries to provide food with consistent textural properties. However, texture measurement not just requires a trained sensory panel but also a considerable amount of time and effort. On the flip side, human observation could be subjective hence repeatability of the result may not be ensured and/or relied on. Contrary to that, objective methods for texture measurement are reliable and consistent, but are not suitable for in‐line application and also destructive in nature. The mentioned crisis has made industries opt for nondestructive texture analysis techniques. In the past decade, considerable research has been carried out on nondestructive texture analysis methods such as micro‐deformation, and acoustic and optical techniques, showing feasibility for in‐line applications. The current review focuses on the working principles and most recent applications of nondestructive techniques for texture analysis of food products. Moreover, a detailed review of contact and noncontact‐type texture measurement has been presented in this article. The literature survey is concluded with future research aspects and challenges involved in the commercialization of the nondestructive texture analysis techniques.
Astrocytoma (CNS WHO grade 4), IDH‐mutant with co‐occurrence of BRAF p.V600E mutation, and homozygous loss of CDKN2A
Authors: Leske Henning , Blakstad Hanne , Lund‐Iversen Marius , Skovholt Else Kathrine , Niehusmann Pitt , Ramm‐Pettersen Jon‐Terje , Skogen Karoline , Kongelf Geir , Sprauten Mette , Magelssen Henriette , Brandal Petter 
Published: February 2023

Molecular alterations nowadays play a crucial role in the diagnosis of brain tumors. Some of these alterations are associated with outcome and/or response to treatment, including sequence variants of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) at position p.R132 or p.R172. Such IDH variants have so far been described in histone H3‐wildtype primary brain tumors only in adult‐type diffuse gliomas and are associated with a better outcome compared to their IDH‐wildtype counterpart, the glioblastoma. Moreover, homozygous loss of CDKN2A and/or CDKN2B in IDH‐mutant astrocytomas shortens the median overall survival regardless of histological features of malignancy. Such tumors are therefore considered to be aggressive and graded as WHO central nervous system (CNS) grade 4 lesions. The coexistence of an IDH‐sequence variation and a BRAF p.V600E alteration has only rarely been described in diffuse astrocytomas. Due to the small number of cases, little is known about such neoplasms in terms of clinical behavior and response to treatment. Herein we describe the first case, to our knowledge, of an astrocytoma (CNS WHO grade 4), IDH‐mutant, and BRAF p.V600E‐mutant with homozygous deletion of CDKN2A. Pathologists should be aware that such an expression profile does exist even in WHO CNS grade 4 astrocytomas, IDH‐mutant, and are encouraged to test for the BRAF p.V600E sequence variant as such an alteration may provide additional treatment options.
Does racism toward nurses increase as treatment invasiveness rises?
Authors: Bokek‐Cohen Ya'arit 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOne of the unspoken issues in public discourse in most countries is the racism of patients toward nurses who originate from a different ethnic group than theirs. The aim of the present study is to examine whether patients' racism toward nurses increases as the invasiveness of treatment rises. This study was conducted in Israel, a highly conflictual society where Jews and Arabs live together and meet in the same health facilities. Despite the tension and sometimes animosity caused by the political situation, members of each group regularly encounter members of the other group during the provision of health‐care, both as patients and as medical and nursing staff. A study questionnaire which presented nine nursing treatments of diverse levels of invasiveness was filled out by Arab and Jewish participants. They were asked to convey their preference for an Arab or a Jewish nurse for each treatment. Results of Logistic Regression Analyses reveal that in both sectors, racism toward nurses increases as the treatment invasiveness rises. These findings are discussed in light of the concept of social distance, and serve as an empirical basis for several proposed practical recommendations for eradicating racism against nurses.