bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electromagnetically induced grating in a nonlinear optomechanical cavity
Authors: Chen Fujun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We investigate theoretically the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern of the output field in a nonlinear optomechanical cavity with a degenerate optical parametric amplifier (OPA) and a higher order excited atomic ensemble. Studies show that the higher-order-excitation atom, which is similar to the degenerate OPA that acts as a nonlinear medium, induces an electromagnetically induced grating in the output spectrum of the probe field. The coherence of the mechanical oscillator leads to transfer of the probe energy in different diffraction orders of the probe field spectrum such that the phenomenon of optomechanically induced grating is generated from the output probe field. In particular, the presence of nonlinearities with the degenerate OPA and the higher order excited atoms can significantly affect the efficiency of the diffraction pattern providing an additional flexibility for controlling optical properties.
Restricted phase space thermodynamics of charged AdS black holes in conformal gravity*
Authors: Kong Xiangqing , Zhang Zhiqiang , Zhao Liu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The thermodynamics of charged spherically symmetric AdS black holes in conformal gravity is revisited using the recently proposed restricted phase space (RPS) formalism. This formalism avoids all the bizarreness arising in the extended phase space formalism for this model. It is found that the charged AdS black holes in this model may belong to a new universality class that is different from all previously studied cases under the RPS formalism. Besides the distinguished isocharge

and isothermal

behaviors, the absence of the Hawking-Page transition is another notable feature. However, in the high temperature limit, the thermodynamic behavior of the present model becomes exactly the same as that of the Einstein gravity and black hole scan models, which adds further evidence for the universality of the recently reported correspondence between high temperature AdS black holes and low temperature quantum phonon gases in nonmetallic crystals.
A numerical study to improve honey-comb topography designed for antifouling applications
Authors: Felicia Wong Yen Myan , Loh Kar Wei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Biofouling is a common issue faced by marine industry as having biofouling on the ship hulls increase unnecessary drag and friction which results in the increases of fuel consumption and decreases of cruising speed. Therefore, there are several antifouling approaches developed to mitigate the development of settlement of microorganism. The most environmentally friendly approach is surface modification by using foul-resistance topographies. The objective of this study is to investigate the antifouling performance based on the characteristics of the hydrodynamic variables which are the fluid velocity, wall shear stress, and shear strain rate at the surrounding of various designs of honeycomb topography surface. Three models were generated for this study which were Model 1 with an indented honeycomb structure surface, Model 2 with a protruded honeycomb structure surface, and Model 3 with a protruded honeycomb structure surface with different spacing and depth. The dimensions for Model 1 and Model 2 are the same whereas one is indenting while another one is protruding. In addition, Model 3 with different spacing and depth of protruded honeycomb structure was constructed to indicate the optimum design of honeycomb topography. The computer-aided design (CAD) model of the designs of honeycomb topography will be modelled using SolidWorks 2021. The CAD model will then be exported to ANSYS CFX simulator to determine the hydrodynamic variables of different designs of honeycomb topography. By analyzing the results of the simulation, the justification of the overall antifouling performance can be made and validated. The expected outcomes of this study would show a better antifouling performance of a protruding honeycomb topography design as compared to an indented honeycomb topography design. Other than that, the fluctuations in the hydrodynamic variables were higher for the protruded honeycomb structure model as the fluid is flow in the gaps between honeycomb structure instead of inside the honeycomb structure. Furthermore, the probability of fouling organisms being entrapped inside the honeycomb structure is eliminated by using the protruding honeycomb structure design. However, further research needs to be carried out as this study only focuses on the numerical method. The results obtained from this study can be used for future development on honeycomb topography design in antifouling applications, also helped to identify the optimum design of honeycomb topography that will improve the antifouling performance.
Drying of Artocarpus Heterophyllus and is application in treating dye wastewater
Authors: Alghaithi T , Ismail N , Chua B L 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Coagulation is a common technique used in wastewater treatment plants to remove dissolved chemicals, turbidity, and colours. Aluminium sulphate (alum), the most common coagulant, has recently been connected to both Alzheimer’s disease and environmental issues. In order to deal with these issues, researchers are considering the possibility of developing a natural coagulant that is safe for both humans and the environment. In this research, Artocarpus Heterophyllus (Jackfruit) seeds were used to make a natural coagulant, and their use in the treatment of coloured wastewater was implemented. This study examined the effects of hot air-drying temperatures on the Jackfruit seed moisture content. Jackfruit seed application in dye wastewater treatment was also optimised via several experiments with varying coagulation parameters generated via central composite response surface design (CCD). Jackfruit seed drying and protein extraction are two crucial steps in making natural coagulants. Jackfruit seeds were dried in an oven at 40°C, 50 °C and 60°C to collect drying data. Drying information for the optimum air-drying temperature that produces the shortest drying time was used to generate five drying kinetic models. Based on the results of this research, 60°C hot air-drying temperature was chosen as the optimal drying temperature for Jackfruit seeds, resulting in the shortest total drying time of just 5 hours. Once the optimum hot air-drying temperature was recorded, five thin drying kinetic models were used to determine which module best explained the drying kinetics at the optimum hot air-drying temperature. Microsoft Excel solver was used to calculate the values of X2, R2, and RMSE. The kinetic model with the lowest X2 and RMSE was selected. The modified Midilli model was chosen as the best kinetic model for representing the drying performance of Jackfruit seeds, as it had the lowest X2 and RMSE. After that, the protein was extracted from jackfruit seeds that had been dried at 60°C for 5 hours. In order to extract the protein from jackfruit seeds, 2 g of dry seeds were dissolved in 100 mL of distilled water, blended, and filtered before being used in the Jar test. The initial concentration of dye wastewater, the pH of the wastewater, and the coagulant dosage were the main parameters in the jar test. Maximum colour removal of 85.81% was attained during Jackfruit seed-based dye wastewater treatment when the initial concentration of dye wastewater was 400 ppm; the coagulant dosage was 100mg/L, and the pH was 2. Therefore, these were chosen as the optimum parameters for treating dye wastewater with Jackfruit seeds.
Human Computer Interface (HCI) using EEG signals.
Authors: Siow Eric Ker Siang , Chew Wei Jen , Mun Hou Kit 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Human Computer Interface (HCI) is a field which studies about the applied information-processing psychology that occurs when humans interact with computers. A Brain Computer Interface (BCI) is one method to achieve this, and a cursor-controlled application is proposed in this paper. This prototype allows users to control the cursor by converting real-time synaptic commands. An electroencephalogram (EEG) data collection exercise was conducted and the experimental subjects were trained to learn how to control the EMOTIV Insight. Each of them had to decide their mental commands and calibrate the headset before the experiment started. Two different training methods, namely normal training and special training, were applied to the experimental group and control group respectively, and the progress of learning and using the cursor-controlled application were recorded in questionnaires. The control group used the normal training method, which has been widely used in other studies while the experimental group used the special training method, which allows them to decide the content and strategy of mental commands. The objective of this project is to have all the subjects from both experimental groups control 2 commands with an accuracy above 80% after 4 hours of training and observe which group gets better results. It was a randomized controlled trial (RCT) and double-blind trial, and one of the subjects turned his strategy from control group to experimental group during the experiment without informing the experimenter in advanced. In the outcome, the highest accuracy obtained by the 3 subjects in the experimental group are 50%, 81.25% and 100% respectively, and the highest accuracy obtained by the subject in the control group is 62.5%. In short, the accuracy of the experimental group is averagely higher compared to the control group, and 66.6% of the experimental group managed to control 2 commands with an accuracy above 80%.
Coagulation-flocculation process for greywater treatment using Chitosan and Hibiscus Sabdariffa
Authors: Chen Tsr , Ismail N , Oh KS , Tee LH 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Greywater means faecal free wastewater from households and buildings. Recycled greywater can be used for daily activities where freshwater is not necessary. Coagulation and flocculation technique in water recycling mostly utilize chemical coagulant alum. However, alum residue in water causes neural diseases and the process produces toxic sludge. Hence, natural coagulant is a safer alternate. Previous studies had proved the efficiency of different types of natural coagulant used individually and as a combination. However, the combination of chitosan and H. Sabdariffa had not been tested. The objective of this research is to investigate the efficiency of chitosan and H. Sabdariffa used alone and combined in greywater treatment. Jar test experiment was conducted using 0.5 L greywater in beakers mixed with the coagulants. The pH and coagulant dosage in each beaker were manipulated to determine the optimum condition. The greywater was then mixed rapidly for 4 minutes at 140 rpm, then slowly for 20 minutes at 30 rpm. Before assessing the final turbidity and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), the beakers were allowed to settle for an hour. At pH 4, 0.8 mg/L of chitosan reduced turbidity by 51 % and COD by 60 %. With a dosage of 200 mg/L, H. Sabdariffa demonstrated its best effectiveness at pH 2, resulting in an 88 % reduction in turbidity and a 53 % reduction in COD. When chitosan and H. Sabdariffa were combined, the optimal composition was determined to be 40% chitosan and 60% H. Sabdariffa by weight at pH 4, resulting in a turbidity reduction of 94% and a COD reduction of 56%. The same experiment was carried out using alum at pH 6 and a coagulant dose of 200 mg/l, turbidity and COD were reduced by 96% and 62% respectively. respectively. As a result, the performance of chitosan and H. Sabdariffa have been shown to be comparable to alum in the treatment of greywater, separately and in combination.
Response surface methodology optimization for the enhanced antioxidant activity of Eucalyptus deglupta leaves extract
Authors: Chin K X , Chua B L 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Eucalyptus deglupta, from the Myrtaceae family, is known to possess strong antioxidant activities. Ultrasound-assisted extraction was used in this research, and it aimed to maximize the antioxidant activity of Eucalyptus deglupta leaves extract. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) optimization was performed coupled with central composite design with four extraction parameters, namely extraction temperature, extraction time, solvent-to-feed ratio, and ultrasound power at 30 to 60°C, 30 to 70 min, 10 to 30mL/g, and 270 to 330 W, respectively. The maximized antioxidant activity was 57.80%, with optimized extraction conditions of extraction temperature at 31.70°C, extraction time of 70 min, solvent-to-feed ratio of 13.33 mL/g, and ultrasound power of 330 W. Statistical analysis from ANOVA showed that the quadratic model of antioxidant activity was of good fit with coefficient of determination, R
2 of 0.7958. The RSM model of antioxidant activity was validated with the optimized extraction conditions and a relative error of 3.79% was obtained.
The study of thermal & mechanical properties of EPDM compounded with TiO2
Authors: Sin K X , Ahmad H , Yap Hoon , Ismail Hafizul Azizi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study attempts to investigate the usage of titanium dioxide as a viable nanofiller for fabrication of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) nanocomposites used as thermal insulators. For this study, three different filler loadings (1, 3, 5 % wt.) of titanium dioxide nanofiller are incorporated into the polymer matrix to form the nanocomposites. The thermal and mechanical characteristics of the resulting nanocomposites were compared to EPDM which has not been compounded with TiO2 nanofiller (neat). The thermal characteristics of the polymers were tested using thermogravimetric analysis. Mechanical parameters of the polymers were evaluated via tensile testing with dog-bone specimens according to ASTM D638 standards. Thermal performance of TiO2-impregnated EPDM nanocomposites showed definite improvements, with 1% wt. nanofiller loading having 1 °C improvement over neat EPDM at 5% weight loss and 1 °C improvement at 50% weight loss respectively. Tensile testing showed lower elongation at break (EB) and higher tensile strength (TS) characteristics for nanocomposites with 1% wt. & 3% wt. nanofiller loading compared to neat EPDM. At 5% wt. nanofiller loading, higher EB and lower TS readings were recorded for the nanocomposite, likely resulting from uneven nanoparticle distribution during sample fabrication due to nanofiller particle agglomeration.
Monofacial and Bifacial Photovoltaics Systems with Uniaxial Solar Tracking
Authors: Bhayat Mohamed Humaid , Vaithilingam Chockalingam Aravind , Oruganti Kameswara Satya Prakash , Sivasubramanian Ramsundar , Ardhanari Jagadeeshwaran 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The technology behind Bifacial Photovoltaic systems has existed for a long time but only recently gained popularity due to the increased surface area for the absorption of solar radiation by the rear-side of the bifacial Photovoltaic (PV) panel. The bifacial gain and output energy yield (kWh) is affected negatively by self-shading leading to non-uniformity in the absorbed irradiance. The purpose of this research is to simulate and investigate the effect of varying parameters including the elevation of a bifacial PV module from 0.5 m to 1.0 m with a step size of 0.1 m and its effect on the absorbed irradiance and subsequent output energy yield (kWh). Uniaxial solar tracking combined with varying the elevation is implemented by positioning the bifacial PV system in an East-West orientation with an azimuth angle of +90° (facing East); this follows the sun’s hourly elevation angle and path throughout the day. Three albedo of values 0.2 which represents grass, 0.6 which represents fresh white concrete and an ideal albedo of 0.99 is combined with the variation in elevation of the bifacial PV module and is further analysed and compared with a monofacial PV module. Simulation results from TracePro show that East-West tracking reduces the Incident angle closer to 0° which results in higher Flux (W) collected by the surface, except for time intervals at 8:00:00 AM and 18:00:00 PM where the sun is located furthest away from the model. The energy yield (kWh) of the bifacial PV panel first increases sharply from an elevation of 0.5 m to 0.8 m where a peak value of 4748.8 kWh is observed, followed by a drop in energy yield (kWh) at 0.9 m and saturation at 1.0 m; hence the elevation parameter of 0.8 m is determined to be the point of inflection. The BGE at 1 m has a significant value of 0.302 which translates to 30.2% in bifacial gain. The largest difference in energy yield (kWh) is observed to be 1114.55 kWh (30.67% increase) at 0.8 m; the bifacial PV module greatly outperforms the monofacial PV module at this elevation in the uniaxial solar tracking system and is determined to be the optimal value.
Modelling and Experimental Investigation on the Differential Protection of Transmission Line
Authors: Alsakati Ahmad Adel , Raja Venkatesh Krishna , Vaithilingam Chockalingam Aravind , Prakash Kameswara Satya , Gamboa Reynato Andal 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Due to the significant impact of the fault on power systems and the failure of protection devices, power system operators and researchers have given reliability a great deal of consideration. The modern IEC 61850 standard is used recently to improve communication systems in digital substations and allow signals to be shared between the devices. Differential protection is used to protect the transmission lines, cables, and transformers, as it detects the faults by comparison of the currents flowing into and out of the protected devices. In this research, MATLAB/Simulink has been utilized to simulate the differential protection by using two current transformers (CTs) and to analyze the current waveforms of CTs. A model of the transmission line has been implemented in Taylor’s University Lab to validate the simulation results and measure the differential current, which equals the current summation of two CTs. The outcomes of the research show that the phase shift in the secondary side of CTs between two terminal points is zero and the value of differential current is zero under normal operating situations. However, the differential current has increased in each of the following cases: one CT is connected to the system with the wrong polarity or under an internal fault.
Energy and Economic Sustainable Illumination Design for a Gymnasium: A Case Study
Authors: Rosdi Mohd Farhan Mat , Sathyamohan Jayson , Maniyarasu Yugeisvar , Kuok Nicholas Tiong Foo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Gymnasium lighting design is crucial to provide better visibility, improve overall mood and serve a good experience to the occupant. Conventional artificial lighting might serve these well, but it consumes a significant amount of energy. In this report, a sustainable lighting design for a gymnasium at Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia, is developed per the SIRIM 33:2019. The aims are to provide better energy-efficient and sustainable lighting design solutions while maintaining good visibility, overall mood, and meeting the required illumination level. The design is developed in a 3D lighting simulation software, the DIALux Evo 10. The proposed LED lighting design is compared with the existing high-pressure sodium high-bay lighting system. Criterion such as the illuminance level, glare rating index, colour rendering, energy performance and economic assessment are analysed. Result of the analysis shows that the proposed LED luminaires achieved of 68% potential energy consumption reduction, a payback period of 4.9 years and an annual life cost cycle of RM 1, 345.76, compared to the existing fluorescent luminaires’ annual life cost cycle of RM 3,570.29. This shows that LED luminaires have better energy performance, and improved cost saving while producing better illuminance level output. The outcome of this study can be considered for future gymnasium lighting design to achieve energy and economic sustainability.
Classification and Detection of Obstacles for Rover Navigation
Authors: Lim Joshua H X , Phang Swee King 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this research project, the author aims to achieve Level 3 conditional automation whereby the researched Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) is bound to classify and detect its own obstacle with human assistance as it cruises through a plantation field. Recognizing the different classes of obstacles enable the UGV to plan out the most efficient path to meet its desired goal. The purpose of this research project was to develop a classification and detection of obstacle and an optimal path planning algorithm suitable to be implemented for relieving the working process in an extreme condition plantation field. This paper presents an algorithm whereby it can conduct image-based obstacle detection through image masking and model prediction, along with a trigonometrical-based path planning approach. The proposed algorithm should hypothetically allow the UGV to conduct real-time path planning as it classifies some common obstacles such as leaves, rocks, and branches existing in a plantation field. As the waypoints were marked from the Ground Control Station (GCS), the UGV will travel towards the given waypoints to complete the given mission. When the UGV meets an obstacle, it will first differentiate whether it’s traversable, followed by running the proposed algorithm to avoid the risk of destructing the UGV by choosing a collision free path. The basic idea is to apply path planning by considering the available spacing between the detected obstacle by comparing with a predefined threshold. Through the provided threshold value, the UGV can identify the type of obstacle yet to be detected. For instance, obstacles within the given range of value can be labelled to be a leafy obstacle, otherwise it is not considered to be a leafy obstacle. To ensure the behaviour and safety measure of the UGV to run smoothly, the author had undergone model training for an elevated model prediction by training and deploying a custom training loop through TensorFlow. Nevertheless, MATLAB was utilized to test out the concept of the path planning algorithm to examine its behaviour as untraversable obstacles were met. All these implementations can further grow in the agricultural industries as it can aid humans with performing tedious and impossible tasks on site.
Numerical Investigation of Hybrid Savonius-Darrieus Vertical Axis Wind Turbine at Low Wind Speeds
Authors: Eftekhari Hesam , Al-Obaidi Abdulkareem Sh Mahdi , Srirangam Sucharita 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe need for electricity on the Earth is increasing day by day, and this requires building more electric power plants where most of the power plants cause CO2 emission which would increase the global warming. Using wind energy as one type of renewable energies, would contribute to reduce the global warming. In countries such as Malaysia where the average annual wind speed is 2-2.5 m/s using wind energy is a challenge because of the low wind speed. However, using a hybrid Savonius-Darrieus vertical axis wind turbine in low wind speed areas, the performance of the wind turbine may increase, and the starting rotation speed will decrease. This research aims at a comprehensive study on a hybrid Savonius-Darrieus wind turbine with helical Savonius rotor combined with helical and straight bladed Darrieus rotor. In this research, a base model with the name of Model Base was generated and two models with new configurations were generated in SOLIDWORKS. A numerical studies and simulation were conducted on these three designs using Ansys Fluent to identify the more suitable combination for low wind speed areas. Based on the obtained result hybrid Savonius-Darrieus with helical Savonius rotor and helical Darrieus rotor were found to be the most suitable combination because of their stable aerodynamic performance throughout a full rotation. Best performance for these models was found to be at 0.45 TRS with maximum torque and power coefficients of 0.68 and 0.306 respectively.