bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anticipatory postural adjustments and kinematic analysis of step ascent and descent in adults with Down syndrome
Authors: Ferrario C. , Condoluci C. , Tarabini M. , Manzia C. M. , Galli M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundStep ascent and descent is one of the most common daily tasks. Although it is generally considered a rather simple movement, it may not be so easy for participants with Down syndrome.MethodsA kinematic analysis of step ascent and descent was conducted, and a comparison between 11 adult participants with Down syndrome and 23 healthy participants was carried out. This analysis was accompanied by a posturographic analysis with the aim of evaluating aspects relating to balance. The principal aim of postural control was to investigate the trajectory of the centre of pressure, while the kinematic analysis of movement included the following: (1) the analysis of anticipatory postural adjustments, (2) the calculation of spatiotemporal parameters and (3) the evaluation of articular range of motion.ResultsA general instability for participants with Down syndrome, highlighted in the postural control by an increased anteroposterior and mediolateral excursion, when the test was conducted with both open and closed eyes, was found out. Regarding anticipatory postural adjustments, this deficit in balance control was revealed by the execution of small steps before completing the movement and by a much longer preparation time anticipating the movement. In addition, the kinematic analysis reported a longer ascent and descent time and a lower velocity, accompanied by a greater rising of both limbs in ascent, which indicates an increased perception of the obstacle. Finally, a wider trunk range of motion in both the sagittal and frontal planes was revealed.ConclusionsAll the data confirm a compromised balance control that could be associated with damage to the sensorimotor centre.
Financial Crises as a Phenomenon of Multiple Equilibria and How to Select among Them
Authors: MÄDER NICOLAS 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWhen equilibrium is indeterminate (i.e., not unique), applied theory often obtains uniqueness either via ad hoc sunspots or via global games. This paper highlights the relative merits of a third selection mechanism—best‐response dynamics (BRD)—in the context of various financial crisis frameworks. For example, in the context of a bank run, selection via BRD is preferred (to ad hoc sunspots) because it provides an explicit coordination narrative and (to global games) because it accounts for the fact that depositors realistically may decide to join or leave a bank's queue upon observing its length.
Comprehensive analysis of exosomalcircRNA,lncRNA,andmRNAprofiles to identify the potentialRNAsinvolved in the pathogenesis of venous malformation
Authors: Zhang Liming , Shen Yuchen , Wang Zhenfeng , Li Xiao , Xia Weiya , Fan Xindong , Su Lixin , Wang Deming 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundVenous malformation (VM) is a kind of congenital vascular anomaly with a high incidence of recurrence, detailed pathogenesis and standard treatment of VM still lack now. Increasing evidence showed exosomal RNA plays a pivotal role in various diseases. However, the underlying mechanism of VM based on the potential differentially exosomal RNAs remains unclear.MethodsComparative high‐throughput sequencing with serum exosomes from three VM patients and three healthy donors was used to explore differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs, DE lncRNAs, and DE mRNAs involving the formation of VM. We identified and verified DE circRNAs, DE lncRNAs, and DE mRNAs via qRT‐PCR assay. We explored the potential functions of these exosomal DE non‐coding RNAs via performing further Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis. Besides, circRNA/lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA linkages were also constructed to find their potential relationships in VM.ResultsA total of 121 circRNAs, 53 lncRNAs, and 42 mRNAs (|log2FC| ≥ 2.0, FDR <0.05,n = 3) were determined to be differentially expressed. QRT‐PCR validated that these top‐changed DE circRNAs, lncRNAs, and mRNAs had significant expression changes. Functional studies demonstrated that DE circRNAs play a pivotal role in thyroid hormone signaling pathway, DE lncRNAs function as a key regulator in MAPK signaling pathway and DE miRNAs participate in the process of hepatocellular carcinoma mostly.ConclusionOur study comprehensively depicted exosomal DE non‐coding RNAs networks related to the pathogenesis of VM which can provide new insight into, a novel target for treating VM.
The spatial distribution of population in Spain: An anomaly in European perspective
Authors: Gutiérrez Eduardo , Moral‐Benito Enrique , Oto‐Peralías Daniel , Ramos Roberto 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe exploit the GEOSTAT 2011 population grid with a very high 1 km2 resolution to document that Spain presents the lowest density of settlements among European countries. Only a small fraction of the Spanish territory is inhabited, particularly in its southern half, which goes hand in hand with a high degree of population concentration. We uncover through standard regression analysis and spatial regression discontinuity that this anomaly cannot be accounted for by adverse geographic and climatic conditions. The second part of the paper takes a historical perspective on Spain's settlement patterns by showing that the spatial distribution of the population has been very persistent in the last two centuries, and that the abnormally low density of settlements with respect to European neighbors was already visible in the 19th century, which indicates that this phenomenon has not emerged recently as a consequence of the transformations associated with industrialization and tertiarization. Using data on ancient sites, we find that Spain did not feature scarcity of settlements in comparison to other countries in premedieval times, suggesting that its current anomalous settlement pattern has not always existed and is, therefore, not intrinsic to its geography.
Consumer perceptions of hotel shampoos and lotions
Authors: Payne Jessie , Talavera Martin , Koppel Kadri 
Published: February 2023

AbstractVarious features of hotel toiletries can influence a consumer's decision to use them during their stay. Hotel toiletries have rarely been evaluated by exploring consumers’ perception of the features themselves. Two surveys were conducted with frequent hotel guests in which they were asked to choose their most and least important hotel toiletry (i.e., shampoo or lotion) feature. The surveys were separated by the type of hotel toiletry they used most often during their hotel stay (i.e., shampoo or lotion). A list of attributes for hotel shampoos and lotions were used to determine the most and least important features. Key take‐aways included that the “ideal” hotel lotion should be nongreasy, moisturizing, and lightly scented. Hotel shampoos should be moisturizing, should lather, and have a relaxing, spa‐like scent. These findings provide important consumer perceptions of hotel toiletries, which can be used to create the “ideal” hotel shampoo and lotion.Practical applicationsThe published articles on hotel toiletries are limited. The research provides the foundation for further research to be conducted on the hotel toiletry category. From the research, features of hotel shampoos and lotions are determined to help the hotel industry gain a better understanding on the features of hotel toiletries they should provide to maximize hotel guest's satisfaction. The research determined that, there are a handful of attributes that are highly recommended to be present in a hotel shampoo or lotion.
Multi‐antibiotics resistance phenotype of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease in Litopenaeus vannamei farmed in the Mekong Delta
Authors: Ha Pham Thi Hai , Thi Quach Van Cao , Thuy Nguyen Phuong , Luan Nguyen Thanh 
Published: February 2023

AbstractVibrio parahaemolyticus is a significant causal agent of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), with huge production losses of white leg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, cultivated globally, including aquaculture farms in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. Controlling this disease is critical because of the worldwide expansion of antimicrobial‐resistant V. parahaemolyticus isolates. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of multi‐antibiotic resistance (MAR) in V. parahaemolyticus isolated from AHPND white leg shrimp extensively cultivated in Bac Lieu Province (Mekong Delta). Based on biochemical tests and toxR‐PCR positive detections, 34 V. parahaemolyticus isolates were identified. Antibiotic susceptibility examination revealed that most of the isolates were phenotypically multidrug resistant, including resistance to ceftazidime (100%) and amoxicillin (97.06%), followed by colistin (74%) and erythromycin (65%). These isolates were highly sensitive to doxycycline (94%), followed by florfenicol (74%) and flumequine (71%). There were 27 distinct MAR phenotypes detected among 34 isolates, with 14.71% of the isolates exhibiting the antibiotic profile AMO‐CEF‐CEP‐COL‐ERY, followed by 11.76% for each of the profiles AMO‐CEP‐TET‐COL and AMO–CEP–COL. In particular, 25 isolates (75%) were resistant to at least 5 (of the 12) antibiotics tested. A hierarchical clustering analysis of antibiotic‐resistant V. parahaemolyticus isolates indicated cross‐transmission across farms and its ability to survive in aquatic environments for extended periods (over 3 months). Our findings support the hypothesis that the variety of MARPs in V. parahaemolyticus is the result of human activities. Environmentally friendly therapy strategies should be used for the prophylaxis and treatment of V. parahaemolyticus infection.
Awaking the dormant virome in the rhizosphere
Authors: Braga Lucas P. P. , Schumacher Robert I. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe rhizosphere is a vital soil compartment providing key plant‐beneficial functions. However, little is known about the mechanisms driving viral diversity in the rhizosphere. Viruses can establish lytic or lysogenic interactions with their bacterial hosts. In the latter, they assume a dormant state integrated in the host genome and can be awakened by different perturbations that impact host cell physiology, triggering a viral bloom, which is potentially a fundamental mechanism driving soil viral diversity, as 22%–68% of soil bacteria are predicted to harbour dormant viruses. Here we assessed the viral bloom response in rhizospheric viromes by exposing them to three contrasting soil perturbation agents: earthworms, herbicide and antibiotic pollutant. The viromes were next screened for rhizosphere‐relevant genes and also used as inoculant on microcosms incubations to test their impacts on pristine microbiomes. Our results show that while post‐perturbation viromes diverged from control conditions, viral communities exposed to both herbicide and antibiotic pollutant were more similar to each other than those influenced by earthworms. The latter also favoured an increase in viral populations harbouring genes involved in plant‐beneficial functions. Post‐perturbation viromes inoculated on soil microcosms changed the diversity of pristine microbiomes, suggesting that viromes are important components of the soil ecological memory driving eco‐evolutionary processes that determine future microbiome trajectories according to past events. Our findings demonstrate that viromes are active players in the rhizosphere and need to be considered in efforts to understand and control the microbial processes towards sustainable crop production.
Comorbid extra‐intestinal central sensitization conditions worsen irritable bowel syndrome in primary care patients
Authors: Wang Xiao Jing , Ebbert Jon O. , Loftus Connor G. , Rosedahl Jordan K. , Philpot Lindsey M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized as a central sensitization syndrome (CSS), a group of conditions including fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue, and restless leg syndrome (RLS) among others with frequent comorbidities of anxiety, depression, and chemical sensitivity. The prevalence of comorbid conditions and their impact on IBS symptom severity and quality of life in rural community populations has not been described.MethodsWe administered a cross‐sectional survey to patients with a documented CSS diagnosis in rural primary care practices to evaluate the relationship between CSS diagnoses, quality of life, symptom severity, and interactions with healthcare providers utilizing validated questionnaires. Subgroup analysis was performed on the IBS cohort. Mayo Clinic IRB approved the study.Key ResultsSeven hundred seventy‐five individuals out of 5000 completed the survey (15.5% response rate) with 264 (34%) reporting IBS. Only 3% (n = 8) of IBS patients reported IBS alone without comorbid CSS condition. Most respondents reported overlapping migraine (196, 74%), depression (183, 69%), anxiety (171, 64%), and fibromyalgia (139, 52%). IBS patients with more than two comorbid CS condition showed significantly higher symptom severity with linear increase. Quality of life was lower in IBS with comorbid conditions, particularly in patients with IBS and RLS (mean EQ5‐D 0.36 vs. 0.8 in IBS only, p < 0.01). Quality of life declined as number of comorbid conditions increased.Conclusions & InferencesPatients with IBS often have multiple CS disorders which increases symptom severity and lowers quality of life. Understanding the impact of multiple CSS diagnoses and treating these as a global condition may improve patient experience.
The in vitro biomechanics of anterior arch expansion using fixed lingual appliances with coil springs or archwire stops
Authors: Robertson Lindsay , Owen Brandon , Heo Gieson , Carey Jason P , Major Paul W , Romanyk Dan L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe presented study investigates differences in the biomechanics of straight and mushroom fixed lingual appliances when implementing coil springs and stops for anterior arch expansion.Materials and MethodsAn in vitro orthodontic simulator was used to measure three‐dimensional forces and moments on each tooth of a simulated maxillary arch. Mushroom and straight archwire forms of 0.016″ NiTi round archwire were considered, using 0.010″ × 0.030″ NiTi open coils and 0.016″‐0.018″ archwire stops (n = 44 per group). Teeth in the anterior dental arch were moved from a neutral to crowded position to replicate anterior crowding of central and lateral incisors. Forces and moments of interest for lateral incisors and first premolars were compared using repeated measures mixed multivariate analysis of variance (α = 0.05).ResultsThree comparisons between straight versus mushroom archwires and two comparisons of coil springs vs. stops were not statistically significant. Overall, it was found that the use of a straight lingual archwire produced larger differences in forces and moments between using stops and coil springs than when using a mushroom archwire. Using stops produced larger forces and moments for both types of archwires as compared to using coil springs. The largest expansion forces were produced using straight archwires with stops, exceeding 3.0 N of force. Straight archwires with coil springs produced the lowest expansion forces on lateral incisors, just exceeding 1.5 N.ConclusionsThe findings of this study have elucidated significant differences in the biomechanics of transverse arch expansion using straight or mushroom fixed lingual appliances with coil springs or stops.
Defense of a Libertarian Interpretation of Descartes' Account of Judgment1
Authors: Newman Lex 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWidespread scholarly agreement has it that Descartes' theory of judgment favors a compatibilist interpretation. This essay explains and rebuts the standard arguments made on behalf of compatibilist readings, while explaining and defending a libertarian interpretation. Along with relevant Fourth Meditation doctrines and texts, my analysis encompasses a much discussed 1645 letter discussing his account. Although some scholars view the letter as departing from the account of theMeditations, I argue that the two works present a consistent view – allowing us to take at face value that the letter purports to elaborate Descartes' intended meaning in the associated Fourth Meditation passage.
Insights into the environmental factors shaping lateral root development
Authors: Zhang Weimeng , Fang Da , Dong Kui , Hu Fei , Ye Ziyi , Cao Jun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRoots are important organs of plants. Plants rely on roots for water, nutrients, and organic salts. In the whole root system, lateral roots (LRs) account for a large proportion and are critical to the development of the plant. Many environmental factors affect LR development. Therefore, a systematic understanding of these factors can provide a theoretical basis for creating optimal growth conditions for plants. In this paper, the factors affecting LR development are systematically and comprehensively summarized, and the molecular mechanism and regulatory network of LR development are described. Changes in the external environment not only lead to hormone homeostasis in plants but also affect the composition and activity of rhizosphere microbial communities, which in turn affect plants' nitrogen and phosphorus uptake and growth dynamics. LR development is influenced by hormone levels and external environment. In particular, auxin and abscisic acid coordinate with each other to maintain normal LR development. Of course, changes in the external environment are also important for root development, and they affect the intrinsic hormone levels of plants by affecting the accumulation and transport of hormones. For example, nitrogen, phosphorus, reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, water, drought, light, and rhizosphere microorganisms affect LR development and plant tolerance in a variety of ways, including regulating hormone levels. This review summarizes the factors affecting LR development and the regulatory network and points out the direction for future research.
Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) in Mithun (Bos frontalis): What progress has been made so far? An overview
Authors: Vikram R. , Perumal P. , Khan M. H. , Girish P. S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMithun, a unique bovine species, endemic to parts of North East India and plays an important role in the socioeconomic, cultural and religious fabrics of the local tribal population. To date, Mithuns are reared in a traditional free‐range system by communities and increased deforestation, agricultural commercialization, disease outbreaks and indiscriminate slaughtering of elite Mithun for table purposes have significantly decreased its habitat and the elite Mithun population. Greater genetic gain is achieved with the implementation and effective use of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs); however, presently it is limited to organized Mithun farms. At a slow pace, Mithun farmers are adopting semi‐intensive rearing systems and interest in the use of ARTs is gradually escalating in Mithun husbandry. This article reviews the current status of ARTs such as semen collection and cryopreservation, estrus synchronization and timed artificial insemination (TAI), multiple ovulation and embryo transfer and in vitro embryo production and future perspectives in Mithun. Mithun semen collection and cryopreservation have been standardized, and estrus synchronization and TAI are suitable technologies that can be easily implemented under field conditions in near future. The establishment of an open nucleus‐breeding system under community participatory mode along with the introduction of the ARTs is an alternative to the traditional breeding system for rapid genetic improvement of Mithun. Finally, the review considers the potential benefits of ARTs in Mithun and future research should include the use of these ARTs which will provide additional opportunities for improved breeding regimens in Mithun.
Inclusion of Spirulina platensis and Salvia verbenaca extracts to boost semen quality and fertilization ability in sheep
Authors: Ben Moula Anass , Rahim Abdellatif , Chentouf Mouad , Raes Marianne , Kirschvink Nathalie , El Amiri Bouchra 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Spirulina platensis (SP) and Salvia verbenaca (SV) extracts added to skimmed milk (SM) extender on ram sperm quality and fertility. Semen was collected using an artificial vagina, extended in SM to reach a final concentration of 0.8 × 109 spermatozoa/mL, stored at 4°C and evaluated at 0, 5 H and 24 H. The experiment has been performed in three steps. Firstly, from four extracts (methanol: MeOH, acetone: Ac, ethyl acetate: EtOAc and hexane: Hex) of SP and SV, only acetonic and hexanoic extracts of SP and acetonic and methanolic extracts of SV showed the highest in vitro antioxidant activities and were then selected for the following step. Thereafter, the effects of four concentrations (1.25, 3.75, 6.25, and 8.75 μg/mL) of each selected extract on stored sperm motility were evaluated. The output of this trial led to select the best concentrations having beneficial effects on sperm quality parameters (viability, abnormalities, membrane integrity, and lipid peroxidation) and fertility after insemination. The results showed that the same concentration (1.25 μg/mL) of both Ac‐SP and Hex‐SP, as well as 3.75 μg/mL of Ac‐SV and 6.25 μg/mL of MeOH‐SV, maintain all sperm quality parameters at 4°C during 24 H of storage. Besides, no difference was found in fertility between the selected extracts and the control. In conclusion, SP and SV extracts were shown to improve the quality of ram sperm and to maintain fertility rate after insemination as similar or competitive to many previous studies published in the field.
Egg yolk plasma enriched with β‐carotene through the diet of laying hens and adding it to the extender improves the quality of frozen semen in Arabic stallions
Authors: Hatami Maryam , Qasemi‐panahi Babak , Daghigh Kia Hossein , Moghaddam Gholamali , Janmohammadi Hossein 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEquine semen cryopreservation is one of the major procedures for the genetic conservation of rare and endangered genotypes. The current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of egg yolk plasma (EYP) enriched with β‐carotene as an antioxidant supplement on INRA‐96 extender regarding freezing Arabic stallion sperm. For this purpose, β‐carotene various concentrations were utilized as a supplementary ingredient in formulating the diets of laying hens. Birds were randomly divided into four groups, fed with 0 (control), 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg in a supplemented diet with β‐carotene. Subsequently, various variants of enriched extender (INRA‐96 + 2.5% glycerol [G]) were gained by adding 2% EYP from four treatment groups. The sperm characteristics, including motility, viability, morphology, plasma membrane integrity (HOS test), lipid peroxidation (MDA) and DNA fragmentation, were evaluated after thawing. According to the results obtained in this study, the addition of EYP from T2 and T4 (500 and 2000 mg/kg of β‐carotene in hens' diet) to the extender (INRA‐96 + 2.5% G) leads to an increase in total motility (50.50% and 49.49%, respectively), progressive motility (32.6% and 31.8%, respectively), viability (68.7% and 66.1%, respectively) and plasma membrane integrity (57.7% and 50.6%, respectively). Moreover, lipid peroxidation (1.3 and 1.4 nmol/mL, respectively) and DNA fragmentation (8.6% and 9.9%, respectively) were diminished using the mentioned treatments. However, sperm morphology was not affected by the treatments. In the current study, we concluded that the optimal concentration of β‐carotene in the laying hen's diet (500 mg/kg) could reveal the best results about sperm quality. So, EYP enriched with β‐carotene acts as a valuable natural and safe supplementary material that could be exploited for enhancing stallion sperm quality in cryopreservation conditions.