bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defect‐Healing Induced Monoclinic Iron‐Based Prussian Blue Analogs as High‐Performance Cathode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Peng Jian , Huang Jiaqi , Gao Yun , Qiao Yun , Dong Huanhuan , Liu Yang , Li Li , Wang Jiazhao , Dou Shixue , Chou Shulei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPrussian blue analogs (PBAs) have attracted wide interest as a class of ideal cathodes for rechargeable sodium‐ion batteries due to their low cost, high theoretical capacity, and facile synthesis. Herein, a series of highly crystalline Fe‐based PBAs (FeHCF) cubes, where HCF stands for the hexacyanoferrate, is synthesized via a one‐step pyrophosphate‐assisted co‐precipitation method. By applying this proposed facile crystallization‐controlled method to slow down the crystallization process and suppress the defect content of the crystal framework of the PBAs, the as‐prepared materials demonstrate high crystallization and a sodium‐rich induced rhombohedral phase. As a result, the as prepared FeHCF can deliver a high specific capacity of up to 152.0 mA h g−1 (achieving ≈90% of its theoretical value) and an excellent rate capability with a high‐capacity retention ratio of 88% at 10 C, which makes it one of the most competitive candidates among the cathodes reported regarding both capacity and rate performance. A highly reversible three‐phase‐transition sodium‐ion storage mechanism has been revealed via multiple in situ techniques. Furthermore, the full cells fabricated with as‐prepared cathode and commercial hard carbon anode exhibit excellent compatibility which shows great prospects for application in the large‐scale energy storage systems.
An infinite family of w1+∞ invariant theories on the celestial sphere
Authors: Banerjee Shamik , Kulkarni Harshal , Paul Partha 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this note we determine the graviton-graviton OPE and the null states in any w1+∞ symmetric theory on the celestial sphere. Our analysis shows that there exists a discrete infinite family of such theories. The MHV-sector and the quantum self dual gravity are two members of this infinite family. Although the Bulk Lagrangian description of this family of theories is not currently known to us, the graviton scattering amplitudes in these theories are heavily constrained due to the existence of null states. Presumably they are exactly solvable in the same way as the minimal models of 2-D CFT.
Modulatory effect of liraglutide on doxorubicin-induced testicular toxicity and behavioral abnormalities in rats: role of testicular-brain axis
Authors: Alafifi Shorouk A. , Wahdan Sara A. , Elhemiely Alzahraa A. , Elsherbiny Doaa A. , Azab Samar S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDoxorubicin (DOX) is a powerful chemotherapeutic agent used in many types of malignancies. However, its use results in testicular damage. DOX-induced testicular damage results in low level of serum testosterone which may affect cognitive function. The current study investigated the protective effect of liraglutide (50, 100 μg/kg/day) in testicular toxicity and the consequent cognitive impairment induced by DOX. DOX treatment reduced sperm count (62%) and sperm motility (53%) and increased sperm abnormalities (786%), as compared to control group. DOX also reduced serum testosterone level (85%) and the gene expression of testicular 3β-HSD (68%) and 17β-HSD (82%). Moreover, it increased testicular oxidative stress (MDA and GSH) by 103% and 59%, respectively, apoptotic (caspase-3 and P53) by 996% and 480%, respectively. In addition, DOX resulted in increasing autophagic markers including PAKT, mTOR, and LC3 by 48%, 56%, and 640%, respectively. Additionally, rats’ behavior in Y-maze (60%) and passive avoidance task (85%) was disrupted. The histopathological results of testis and brain supported the biochemical findings. Treatment with liraglutide (100 μg/kg/day) significantly abrogated DOX-induced testicular damage by restoring testicular architecture, increasing sperm count (136%) and sperm motility (106%), and decreasing sperm abnormalities (84%) as compared to DOX group. Furthermore, liraglutide increased serum testosterone (500%) and steroidogenesis enzymes 3β-HSD (105%) and 17β-HSD (181%) along with suppressing oxidative stress (MDA and GSH) by 23% and 85%, respectively; apoptotic (caspase-3 and P53) by 59% and55%, respectively; and autophagic markers including PAKT, mTOR, and LC3 by 48%, 97%, and 60%, respectively. Moreover, it enhanced the memory functions in passive avoidance and Y-maze tests (132%). In conclusion, liraglutide is a putative agent for protection against DOX-induced testicular toxicity and cognitive impairment through its antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and antiautophagic effects.
The history of phytolith research in Australasian archaeology and palaeoecology
Authors: Turnbull Molly , Parker Adrian G. , Jankowski Nathan R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlthough phytolith research has come of age in archaeology and palaeoecology internationally, it has remained relatively marginalised from mainstream practice in Australasia. The region’s initial isolation from international scientific communities and uniqueness of its vegetation communities, has led to an exclusive set of challenges and interruptions in phytolith research. Examining a history of Australasian phytolith research presents the opportunity to recognise developments that have made phytoliths a powerful tool in reconstructing past environments and human uses of plants. Phytolith research arrived early in Australia (1903), after a convoluted journey from Germany (1835–1895) and Europe (1895–1943), but phytoliths were initially misidentified as sponge spicules (1931–1959). Formal understanding of phytoliths and their applications began in Australasia during the late 1950s, continuing throughout the 1960s and 1970s (1959–1980). After a brief hiatus, the modern period of phytolith analyses in Australasian archaeological and palaeoenvironmental research began in the 1980s (1984–1992), focusing on investigating the deep past. Advancements continued into the 1990s and early 2000s. Wallis and Hart declared in 2003 that Australian phytolith research had finally come of age, but more a fitting description would be that it had peaked. Since then phytolith research in Australasia slowed down considerably (2005-present). Local phytolith reference collections for Australasian flora, critical for identifying ancient phytoliths, are essentially no longer produced.
Electro-chemo-mechanical phase field modeling of localized corrosion: theory and COMSOL implementation
Authors: Cui Chuanjie , Ma Rujin , Martínez-Pañeda Emilio 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA new theoretical phase field-based formulation for predicting electro-chemo-mechanical corrosion in metals is presented. The model combines electrolyte and interface electrochemical behaviour with a phase field description of mechanically-assisted corrosion accounting for film rupture, dissolution and repassivation. The theoretical framework is numerically implemented in the finite element package COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS and the resulting model is made freely available. Several numerical experiments are conducted showing that the corrosion predictions by the model naturally capture the influence of varying electrostatic potential and electrolyte concentrations, as well as predicting the sensitivity to the pit geometry and the strength of the passivation film.
Characteristics and Management of Patients with Refractory or Unexplained Chronic Cough in Outpatient Hospital Clinics in Spain: A Retrospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Dávila Ignacio , Puente Luis , Quirce Santiago , Arismendi Ebymar , Díaz-Palacios Miguel , Pereira-Vega Antonio , de Diego Alfredo , Rodriguez-Hermosa Juan Luis , Cea-Calvo Luis , Sánchez-Jareño Marta , López-Cotarelo Pilar , Domingo Christian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Chronic cough (cough that persists for ≥ 8 weeks) can cause a range of physical symptoms and psychosocial effects that significantly impair patients’ quality of life. Refractory chronic cough (RCC) and unexplained chronic cough (UCC) are challenging to diagnose and manage, with substantial economic implications for healthcare systems.

Methods
This retrospective multicenter non-interventional study aimed to characterize the profile and health resource consumption of patients with RCC or UCC who attended outpatient clinics at Spanish hospitals. Data were collected from medical records of patients with RCC or UCC for up to 3 years before study inclusion.

Results
The patient cohort (n = 196) was representative of the chronic cough population (77.6% female, mean age 58.5 years). Two-thirds of patients (n = 126) had RCC. The most frequently visited doctors were pulmonologists (93.4% of patients) and primary care physicians (78.6%), with a mean of 5 visits per patient over three years’ observation. The most common diagnostic tests were chest x-ray (83.7%) and spirometry with bronchodilation (77.0%). The most commonly prescribed treatments were proton pump inhibitors (79.6%) and respiratory medications (87.8%). Antibiotics were prescribed empirically to 56 (28.6%) patients. Differences between RCC or UCC groups related mainly to approaches used to manage cough-associated conditions (gastroesophageal reflux disease, asthma) in patients with RCC.

Conclusion
RCC and UCC are responsible for high health resource utilization in Spanish hospitals. Specific treatments targeting the pathological processes driving chronic cough may provide opportunities to reduce the associated burden for patients and healthcare systems.
Hochauflösende numerische Grundlagenuntersuchungen als Basis für ein verbessertes Prozessverständnis von Schwebstoff- und Geschiebetransport
Authors: Tritthart Michael , Wildt Daniel , Yücesan Sencer , Hauer Christoph , Habersack Helmut 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungIn dieser Arbeit werden zwei numerische Grundlagenuntersuchungen vorgestellt, die das Prozessverständnis von Schwebstoff- und Geschiebetransport erweitern. Die Modellierungen werden mittels der hochauflösenden Large-Eddy-Simulation durchgeführt. Im Fall des Schwebstofftransports werden die ersten Sekunden nach der Verklappung von Feinsediment simuliert und die Geschwindigkeiten der Partikel in der Schwebstoffwolke im Vergleich zur Fließgeschwindigkeit analysiert. Es zeigt sich, dass der Schwebstoff bereits nach wenigen Sekunden keine nennenswerten Geschwindigkeitsunterschiede zur Strömungsgeschwindigkeit in Hauptströmungsrichtung mehr aufweist und somit eine Modellierung mithilfe einer Advektions-Diffusions-Gleichung ab diesem Zeitpunkt zulässig ist. Hinsichtlich des Geschiebetransports werden die Einwirkungen von turbulenten kohärenten Strukturen auf die Geschiebekörner untersucht. Hierbei wird deutlich, dass insbesondere asymmetrische turbulente Strukturen in der Größe der Körner die Druckverteilung und das Verhältnis von Strömungswiderstands- zu Auftriebsbeiwerten so zu ändern vermögen, dass eine Bewegung des Geschiebes eintreten kann. Diese Erkenntnisse werden es zukünftig erlauben, Geschiebetransportmodelle mithilfe hydromechanischer Ansätze zu verbessern.
Aerosol in the oral health-care setting: a misty topic
Authors: Van der Weijden Fridus 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Studies have shown that mouth and respiratory tract microorganisms can be transported in aerosol and spatter. Due to aerosol-generating procedures, there are potentially various infection risks for patients and those working in health care, especially in oral health care. Dental aerosol can contaminate not only the mucous membranes of the oral health-care professional’s mouth, respiratory passages, and eyes but also exposed surfaces and materials in the environment. As such, preventing disease transmission within oral health-care offices is important issue. Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, an innumerable amount of (mis)information and advice on how to stay safe and prevent the spread of coronavirus has been published. What preventive measures can and have been taken to counteract this, and what have we learned during the pandemic? This review summarizes relevant literature that has addressed the presence and dispersal of aerosol and spatter as a concern in health care. It includes the sources of dental aerosol, their potential health threats, and strategies for controlling and mitigating their impact. It shows that further research is needed to better understand the potential health risks of dental aerosol and to develop effective strategies for mitigating them.

Clinical relevance
Using personal protective equipment, high-volume evacuation systems and pre-procedural antimicrobial agents can help to reduce the potential for infection in oral health-care settings and protect the well-being of oral health-care workers and their patients.
Thoughts from the forest floor: a review of cognition in the slime mould Physarum polycephalum
Authors: Reid Chris R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSensing, communication, navigation, decision-making, memory and learning are key components in a standard cognitive tool-kit that enhance an animal’s ability to successfully survive and reproduce. However, these tools are not only useful for, or accessible to, animals—they evolved long ago in simpler organisms using mechanisms which may be either unique or widely conserved across diverse taxa. In this article, I review the recent research that demonstrates these key cognitive abilities in the plasmodial slime mouldPhysarum polycephalum, which has emerged as a model for non-animal cognition. I discuss the benefits and limitations of comparisons drawn between neural and non-neural systems, and the implications of common mechanisms across wide taxonomic divisions. I conclude by discussing future avenues of research that will draw the most benefit from a closer integration ofPhysarumand animal cognition research.
Relationship between shear elastic modulus and passive muscle force in human hamstring muscles using a Thiel soft-embalmed cadaver
Authors: Nakao Gakuto , Kodesho Taiki , Kato Takuya , Yokoyama Yu , Saito Yuhei , Ohsaki Yuki , Watanabe Kota , Katayose Masaki , Taniguchi Keigo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Assessing muscle flexibility and architecture is important for hamstring strain injury (HSI) prevention. We investigated the relationship between shear modulus and passive force in hamstring muscles at different sites and the effect of muscle architecture on the slope of the shear modulus–passive force using shear wave elastography (SWE).

Methods
The biceps femoris long head (BFlh), semitendinosus (ST), and semimembranosus (SM) muscles were dissected from nine Thiel-embalmed cadavers and fixed to a custom-made mechanical testing machine. Calibrated weights (0−1800 g) were applied gradually in 150-g increments. The shear modulus and anatomical cross-sectional area (ACSA) were measured at proximal, central, and distal points using SWE. The muscle mass and length were measured before the loading test. The shear modulus–passive load relationship of each tested muscle region was analyzed by fitting a least-squares regression line. The increase in shear modulus slope per unit load was calculated and compared between the muscles before and after normalization by the muscle mass, length, and ACSA.

Results
The shear modulus and passive force for all hamstring muscles in each region showed a statistically significant linear correlation. Furthermore, the increase in shear modulus slope was greater for BFlh and ST than for SM (P < 0.05), but after normalization by the muscle length and ACSA, there were no significant differences among the muscles.

Conclusion
The local mechanical properties of individual hamstring muscles can be indirectly estimated using SWE, and the slope of increase in shear modulus reflects characteristics of the muscle architecture.
Retirement’s impact on health: what role does social network play?
Authors: Pilehvari Asal , You Wen , Lin Xu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhile a large body of literature investigates the bidirectional relationship between retirement and health, few have analyzed the mechanism through which retirement affects health which will provide important policy instrument insights. Using three waves of National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project, we examine the mediating role of the social network in the relationship between retirement and health in USA. We address the endogeneity and reverse causality through panel instrumental fixed-effect methods. We apply both single and parallel mediation analyses to identify the potential mechanism by which social network characteristics mediate the impact of retirement on health. Findings reveal that retirement adversely affects physical and mental health outcomes, and a considerable portion of these effects are explained by social network changes post-retirement. Specifically, 58% of reduction in the probability of reporting good physical health and 4.5% of increment in chances of having depression symptoms post-retirement can be explained by shrinkage in the size of social network in retirees. Using parallel mediation identification to account for dependencies among social network features, we find that social network size induces 79.5% reduction in probability of reporting good physical health and 18.6% increase in probability of having depression in retirees as compared to non-retirees. Findings in this paper suggest that investing in social network of the elderly can buffer the adverse health effect of retirement and can be an effective policy target for promoting healthy aging.
Measuring mentoring in employability-oriented higher education programs: scale development and validation
Authors: Nuis Wendy , Segers Mien , Beausaert Simon 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo keep up with technological advances and macro-economic trends, higher education has increasingly focused on developing students’ employability competences through mentoring programs. However, measuring the effectiveness of such mentoring programs has remained difficult, because many mentoring measurements are not validated or grounded in theory. Furthermore, existing questionnaires have mostly focused on one or two types of support, ignoring the wide variety of support types offered by a mentor. Therefore, the current study’s aim was to develop and validate a new questionnaire measuring various types of mentoring support. Based on a systematic literature review, a 35-item questionnaire was developed and data were collected from mentoring programs at four higher education institutions. Data were analyzed through exploratory factor analysis (n = 225), confirmatory factor analysis (n = 208), and cross-validation (n = 101). The results support a 6-factor model (21 items) that is statistically valid and reliable for use in universities (of applied sciences). The model includes the following factors, referring to types of support and their features: trust and availability, emotional support, networking support, autonomy support, similarity, and empathy. This questionnaire makes an original contribution insofar as (1) it is based on a sound, theoretical framework, and (2) it was demonstrated to be valid and reliable across different sub-populations in higher education. The questionnaire provides educational practitioners with a sound and valid tool to evaluate the quality of their mentoring program. It can also be used to assess what types of support could be offered to a greater extent.
Optimised protocols for RNA extraction from a broad taxonomic range of algae
Authors: Jensen Timo , Saleh Livia , Bents Dominik , Krohn Steffen , Wu Yu-Chen , Mucke Maria , Boje Ammelie Svea , Veltel Stefan , Hennig Steffen , Piker Levent , Peipp Matthias , Labes Antje 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDespite advancements
in RNA extraction methods, RNA extraction from sources rich in polyphenols and polysaccharides such as algae and seagrasses remains a challenge. Here we present a RNA extraction strategy using a hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) extraction buffer and demonstrate its effectiveness on a broad range of red, green, and brown algae, as well as on the cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis and the seagrass Zostera marina. For the vast majority of tested samples we achieved high yields of RNA comparable to those obtained from higher plants by commercially available kits (ranging from 3.9 to 125.9 µg RNA g−1 fresh weight). Analysis by UV/Vis spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis revealed high purity and integrity of obtained RNA extracts. For highly challenging species of brown algae like Fucus vesiculosus, Fucus serratus and Dictyosiphon foeniculaceus, we established an alternative procedure using a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) extraction buffer in combination with a commercial kit. With this protocol, even higher RNA yields up to 317.0 µg g−1 fresh weight were extracted from polysaccharide-rich brown algae tissues. This study can serve as a guideline and starting point for the development of RNA extraction protocols for so far unstudied algal species from very diverse taxa.
Divergence-Conforming Velocity and Vorticity Approximations for Incompressible Fluids Obtained with Minimal Facet Coupling
Authors: Gopalakrishnan J. , Kogler L. , Lederer P. L. , Schöberl J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe introduce two new lowest order methods, a mixed method, and a hybrid discontinuous Galerkin method, for the approximation of incompressible flows. Both methods use divergence-conforming linear Brezzi–Douglas–Marini space for approximating the velocity and the lowest order Raviart–Thomas space for approximating the vorticity. Our methods are based on the physically correct viscous stress tensor of the fluid, involving the symmetric gradient of velocity (rather than the gradient), provide exactly divergence-free discrete velocity solutions, and optimal error estimates that are also pressure robust. We explain how the methods are constructed using the minimal number of coupling degrees of freedom per facet. The stability analysis of both methods are based on a Korn-like inequality for vector finite elements with continuous normal component. Numerical examples illustrate the theoretical findings and offer comparisons of condition numbers between the two new methods.
A low-rank update for relaxed Schur complement preconditioners in fluid flow problems
Authors: Beddig Rebekka S. , Behrens Jörn , Le Borne Sabine 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe simulation of fluid dynamic problems often involves solving large-scale saddle-point systems. Their numerical solution with iterative solvers requires efficient preconditioners. Low-rank updates can adapt standard preconditioners to accelerate their convergence. We consider a multiplicative low-rank correction for pressure Schur complement preconditioners that is based on a (randomized) low-rank approximation of the error between the identity and the preconditioned Schur complement. We further introduce a relaxation parameter that scales the initial preconditioner. This parameter can improve the initial preconditioner as well as the update scheme. We provide an error analysis for the described update method. Numerical results for the linearized Navier–Stokes equations in a model for atmospheric dynamics on two different geometries illustrate the action of the update scheme. We numerically analyze various parameters of the low-rank update with respect to their influence on convergence and computational time.