bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydraulics and morphodynamics of a meandering channel with angled baffles
Authors: Jamaludin A N I , Jumain M , Ibrahim Z , Wan Mustafah Kamal W N A , Ismail F N A , Abdul Karim M U H , Makhtar M R 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Riverbank protection is essential in areas vulnerable to erosion that could lead to economic and environmental losses. Baffles are one of the riverbank protection techniques in river engineering. The presence of baffles significantly reduces riverbank erosion, but their effects on flow patterns is not thoroughly examined. Therefore, an experimental investigation on the flow patterns and morphological changes due to presence of baffles in a meandering channel was conducted in the Hydraulics Laboratory, Faculty of Civil Engineering, UTM Johor Bahru. Two discharge rates of 0.19 L/s and 0.36 L/s, and two angled baffles, set at 20° and 40° were investigated. Hydraulic parameters such as Manning’s n, velocity distribution, and morphological changes in the channel were examined. The findings revealed that the baffles induced an additional flow resistance in the channel up to 67%. Additionally, the presence of baffles significantly altered the velocity distribution, erosion and deposition processes. The baffles effectively protected riverbanks only when placed at optimum angle under specific discharges. This study enhances understanding of flow characteristics and highlights the effectiveness of baffles in riverbank protection.
Effect of biochar addition on soil properties and durum wheat production in Northeast of Algeria
Authors: Bounouara Z , Negrach R , Larit S , Ouissem L , Lamri M , Ahmed Seghir A , Bouhdiba I 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the effects of biochar, enriched by compost and chemical fertilizers (Nitrogen, Phopsphorus and Potassium), on soil properties and the agro morphological characteristics of durum wheat. To achieve this objective, various soil treatments were applied in agricultural fields at Skikda University in Algeria. The experiment was conducted in a factorial arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were as follows:control soil, soil amended with 1 kg of biochar enriched by fertilizer, soil amended with 2 kg of biochar enriched by fertilizer, soil treated with 1 kg of biochar enriched by fertilizer and compost, soil amended with chemical fertilizer alone, and soil amended with compost alone. At the end of the study, various physical and chemical properties of the soil were analyzed, and the agro morphological characteristics of the wheat were monitored, including tillering, leaf area, relative water content, and crop yield after harvest.
The results showed that soil enriched with biochar, fertilizer, and compost improved soil properties. It notably increased the soil orgnic carbon and nitrogen content, neutralized the soil pH, it increased water-holding capacity and enhanced mineral content. In terms of the wheat crop’s agro morphological characteristics, the same treatment led to increased plant height, leaf area, neck length, and relative water content. It also recorded the highest yield, with 45 quintals per hectare (Q ha−1)) of wheat. The treatment with 2 kg of biochar enriched by chimical fertilizer came in second, yielding 35.66 Q ha−1). Overall, the study demonstrated that the combination of biochar with compost and chemical fertilizers had the most significant positive impact on the growth and yield of durum wheat.
Study of the antagonistic activity of Trichoderma asperellum against Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani of Cucurbitaceae in arid regions of Algeria
Authors: Seghir Mehaoua Mohammed , Fadlaoui Soumaia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the antagonistic activity of Trichoderma asperellum, a strain isolated from the rhizosphere of Biskra region in Algeria, against the pathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani, which cause significant damage to Cucurbitaceae crops. The aim is to suggest an alternative solution to synthetic phytosanitary products to protect agroecosystems in arid regions. Results showed that T. asperellum recorded significant antagonistic activity towards both pathogens, with inhibition rates of up to 54.12% against F. oxysporum and 56.36% against F. solani when using the direct confrontation method. For indirect confrontation, inhibition rates were 40.6% and 58.22% respectively. In contrast, the fungicide Uniform (Mefenoxam124 g/L + Azoxystrobin 322 g/L) showed less inhibitory activity, with inhibition rates of 32.4% against F. oxysporum and 32.8% against F. solani. The use of T. asperellum as a biological control agent could contribute to a reduction in the use of conventional pesticides, thereby limiting their harmful impact on the environment, human health and biodiversity. These results highlight the potential of T. asperellum as a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative against these two major plant pathogenic fungi.
Comparative Study of Gravity and Magnetic Inversion for Estimating Sedimentary Basin Geometry Using Synthetic Data
Authors: Ahmady F N 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Indonesia hosts 128 sedimentary basins with potential reserves of oil and natural gas. Accurate estimation of basement geometry during the initial exploration phase is critical for identifying petroleum systems within these basins. Gravity and magnetic methods are commonly employed for this purpose, utilizing inversion techniques to analyze basements configuration. This study investigates the effectiveness of gravity and magnetic data inversion in estimating basement depth and geometry, using synthetic models as the basis for analysis. The synthetic models incorporate two proposed basement configurations, characterized by a combination of horst and graben structures. Forward modeling was used to simulate gravity and magnetic anomalies corresponding to these configurations. The inversion results demonstrate that both gravity and magnetic methods can effectively estimate the basement structure. However, the results indicate that magnetic inversion demonstrates slightly superior performance in terms of misfit accuracy when compared to the synthetic model. It should be noted that these comparative results may not be applicable to all scenarios. It can be inferred that the accuracy of this inversion approach heavily relies on a priori information as an input, such as the estimated basement depth, the density contrast between the sediment and basement rock, and the filter parameters. These factors are crucial for enhancing the precision of the results.
Numerical Study for the Detection of Fault using Electrical Resistivity Tomography
Authors: Jubaedah Neng E. , Parnadi Wahyudi W. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) is a well-known standard geophysics technique for identification of geological phenomena such as faulting. The resolving power of this method is constrained by electrode spacing, device used, electrode configuration, resistivity contrast, and so on. On faulting, fault types are assumed to influence greater than the other parameter. In this research, we carried out a simulation study to detect the resolving power of ERT system using available software in public domain. Three different electrode configurations were used, namely Wenner, Schlumberger, and Dipole-dipole. We varied electrode spacing and resistivity contrast and fault types to yield optimal result. The results of this research are the most optimal model for identifying fault zones was a model that used a Dipole-dipole array with an electrode spacing of 1 m. The smaller the electrode spacing and the greater the number of cells in modelling, it produces a higher resolution modelling cross-section, so that the inversion results are more accurate to the models.
Relocation of Microearthquake around Wayang Windu Geothermal Field
Authors: Nulhotimah Fitri , Muksin Umar , Asra Nadiatul , Sidrah Ithahira Nurul 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Microearthquakes frequently occur along active faults near volcanoes and in geothermal exploitation areas. One such region with high seismic activity is the Wayang Windu Geothermal Field in West Java. This study aims to determine the initial locations and relocate microearthquakes in this geothermal area to analyze the underlying causes of seismic activity. The seismic data were recorded by more than 30 seismic stations across the Wayang Windu geothermal area between 2013 to 2015. The initial localization of earthquakes was performed using the HYPO71 program, identifying 1,313 seismic events. These data were then relocated using the Coupled Velocity Hypocenter Method, which improved the accuracy of earthquake locations and identified three seismic clusters: the Garut Cluster, the Wayang-Windu Cluster, and the Gunung Kendang Cluster. The results demonstrate that microearthquake relocation enhances data quality, allowing for a more precise analysis of earthquake distribution and causes.
Liquefaction potential evaluation using near-surface seismic refraction tomography: a case study
Authors: Hanafi L A , Hardiyatmo H C , Faris F 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The most common and preferred method of evaluating liquefaction potential is using simplified method based on Standard Penetration Test (SPT) blow counts. However, there are conditions where the application of SPTs are limited or simply not feasible. When these conditions arise, alternative methods, such as in situ shear-wave velocity (VS
) measurement, may be applied. In situ VS
measurement can be conducted using several different methods, such as crosshole, downhole, suspension logger, seismic cone, spectral or multichannel analysis of surface waves, and surface reflection or refraction. Compared with other VS
measurement methods, the use of near-surface seismic refraction tomography for liquefaction evaluation is still limited at best. Hence, this study aims to use a series of seismic refraction tomography data to assess the liquefaction potential at Yogyakarta – Bawen toll road in Magelang, Central Java. VS
values were derived from seismic refraction tomographies at four sites. Bore log data and index properties from laboratory tests were also used for the evaluation. The liquefaction factor of safety (FS) were calculated using VS
-based simplified method and the liquefaction potential were expressed with the Liquefaction Potential Index (LPI). Liquefaction potential evaluations using SPT blow counts were also calculated for comparison purpose. The study finds that both VS
-based and SPT-based evaluations reached the same conclusion: sites A to C are potentially liquefiable, while site D is non-liquefiable. But, evaluation with VS
found to be more conservative than with SPT. Findings from this study suggest that the use of near-surface seismic refraction tomography for liquefaction potential evaluation may be justified in certain conditions, such as in a preliminary investigation.
Transcendental and Linguistic Idealism
Authors: Weiss Bernhard 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The chapter takes Realism to be the claim that representation is responsible to a reality which is independent of our representations of it. Two broad Idealist strategies for rejecting Realism then emerge: one strategy rejects the idea that reality is independent of our representations; the other rejects the idea that representation is responsible to reality. Without wishing to attack the first sort of strategy, the chapter notes that it proceeds by attempting to find our contribution to the nature of reality and thus treads the path of Transcendental Idealism, encountering well-known difficulties en route. The second Idealist strategy incurs no such obligations. The chapter’s investigation turns to consider two versions of this strategy: one version focuses on mental representation as primary and the other focuses on linguistic representation as primary. It notes that the former has difficulty accounting for the normative structure of the conceptual—of mental representation—without appealing to the reality to which mental representation is responsible. So, the prognosis for a rejection of Realism in this direction is bleak. The chapter turns then to versions of the strategy which take linguistic representation as primary, labelling these Linguistic Idealism. It closes by garnering support for the position from Wittgenstein’s later writings, in particular, from his arguments for the autonomy of grammar.
Linguistic Instrumentalism
Authors: Keller John A , Keller Lorraine Juliano 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Unless we are willing to countenance the sceptical possibility that most of our thought and talk is meaningless, it would seem that something must guarantee that the ontology presupposed by semantics aligns with the truth about ontology. One motivation for Linguistic Idealism is that it provides such a guarantee. We argue here that such a guarantee is not actually needed to avoid scepticism, since semantics can successfully ‘do its job’ of systematically pairing meanings with utterances even if it has false ontological presuppositions. More broadly, we explore and defend a form of anti-realism about linguistics according to which correct or acceptable linguistic theories can have false presuppositions and thus fail to be true. We argue that this is partly due to the fact that linguistic ‘laws’ or principles themselves—the things that govern or explain language and linguistic competence—do not need to be true in order to ‘do their job’.
Heritage languages and syntactic theory
Authors: D’Alessandro Roberta , Putnam Michael T , Terenghi Silvia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This volume explores a wide range of structural phenomena in typologically diverse heritage languages using current Minimalist theoretical approaches. Heritage languages have been the focus of extensive research in the last three decades; by virtue of their inherent diversity stemming from initial learning conditions, they pose significant challenges to traditional methods of linguistic description that rely on uniform conceptions of what ‘knowledge of language’ should be. Despite the existence of inter- and intra-speaker variation in the grammars of heritage languages, there are also significant shared development trends and structural outcomes that cannot be considered to be purely circumstantial. The studies presented in this volume illustrate the practicality and usefulness of subjecting domains of heritage language syntax to rigorous formal analysis. The chapters also have implications for theory-building efforts within the current Minimalist landscape; they force a reassessment of our understanding of the ideal speaker-hearer (Chomsky, 1965) in the context of bi- and multi-competent individuals and communities. In line with recent trends in contemporary Minimalism that largely eschew the notion of traditional parameters and an enriched view of Universal Grammar, the integration of heritage languages into syntactic theory adds an important piece of the puzzle relating to linguistic competence. The volume also in some respects calls for a re-evaluation of the prevailing stance that the syntax of heritage languages is predominantly immune to significant decay or change.
Parallel changes in pronominal clitic systems
Authors: Frasson Alberto 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study discusses the structure and the properties of pronominal clitics from the perspective of heritage Romance and Slavic languages, focusing in particular on changes in clitic paradigms of heritage Venetan and Bulgarian. While the former displays a peculiar distribution of subject clitics, the latter displays a parallel behavior for object clitics. The two types of clitics are clearly very different, both in terms of grammatical function as well as placement restrictions, but they allow for parallel analyses in heritage varieties of the two languages. The behavior of these clitics challenges previous models of structural deficiency of functional words, allowing for an analysis that takes into account predictable change patterns in heritage languages. The final goal of the present contribution is to propose a theoretical framework for the analysis of clitics in heritage languages, with respect to their structural and distributional properties.
Introduction
Authors: Fitzsimmons Michael P 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
From its accession in the late sixteenth century, the Bourbon dynasty sought to accrue power to the Crown, primarily by not calling an Estates General. During the eighteenth century, in the absence of the Estates General and in response to increasing fears of despotism, the parlement of Paris began to assert a greater role for itself. The suppression of the parlement in 1771 and again in 1787 heightened concern about despotism and led to the rise of the idea of a constitution to redress excessive royal power. After a failed meeting of an Assembly of Notables to address a fiscal crisis, Crown bankruptcy led to the convening of an Estates General in May 1789. In June 1789, deputies proclaimed the National Assembly and three days later the Assembly vowed not to disband until it had produced a constitution. The meeting of the night of August 4, 1789, with its renunciation of privilege, which until this time had been the functional equivalent of a constitution, expanded the constitutional project from a task of weeks or months to one of years. The Constitution of 1791, promulgated in September 1791, made a constitution a compact between monarch and people, asserted legal equality as the essential element of political legitimacy, and inaugurated electoral democracy. Its impact was immediate and its legacy enduring. Despite efforts by the negotiators at the Congress of Vienna to proscribe constitutionalism, a wave of revolutions erupted in 1848 and created constitutions based on the French model.
The Descent into Crisis
Authors: Fitzsimmons Michael P 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Louis XVI came to the throne in 1774 and, with some hesitation, restored the parlement of Paris. French support of the successful bid by American colonists to gain independence heightened Louis’s popularity, but the war had been financed by loans, which later led to a fiscal crisis as deficits mounted. Continued borrowing after the war elevated tensions between Crown and parlement and those tensions were exacerbated by the Diamond Necklace Affair, which embittered Louis’s relations with the parlement. The Crown convened an Assembly of Notables to address the fiscal crisis by breaching clerical and noble tax privileges with a uniform land tax, but it failed. The failure led to a debate on privilege, especially fiscal privilege, and its role in the French state.
The Erosion of Monarchy-Centered Government
Authors: Fitzsimmons Michael P 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The failure of the Assembly of Notables left the Crown in a difficult position because it had hoped an endorsement by the Notables would strengthen its program before the parlement. The two sides reached a settlement, but relations continued to deteriorate. In May 1788, the Crown suspended the parlements, but only the parlement of Paris acquiesced to its suspension, shifting the momentum of events from Paris to the provinces. Brittany and Dauphiné became a focus, with Brittany a symbol of defense of privilege and Dauphiné representing the ideal of the union of orders. Crown bankruptcy in August 1788 weakened its position and Louis announced that he would call a meeting of the Estates General. He reestablished the parlements to their former duties. Initially popular when it returned, the parlement marginalized itself when it called for the forthcoming Estates General to use the forms of 1614.
The Pledge of a Constitution
Authors: Fitzsimmons Michael P 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Estates General opened in May 1789, but immediately fell into a deadlock over procedures for deliberations and voting. Two sets of conciliatory conferences failed to achieve any resolution and the Third Estate, which had renamed itself “the commons,” chose to move ahead unilaterally. The entry of members of the clergy into the chamber of the commons beginning on June 13 presented an opportunity. On June 17, in an effort to break the stalemate, the commons declared itself the National Assembly. The Crown called for a royal session at which the king would address all deputies, but on June 20, when members of the National Assembly went to their meeting room, it was locked and heavily guarded by royal troops. Fearing dissolution, members of the Assembly relocated to a nearby tennis court and vowed not to disband until they had given France a constitution.
The Role of the Change Leader
Authors: Bruskin Signe 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Managing or leading organizational changes is challenged in practice and a process perspective. It’s essential to acknowledge that organizational changes happen naturally and continuously. Hence, it becomes a matter of facilitation and handling the organizational changes through a continuous dialogue with employees. In a process philosophical approach, every organizational member becomes a change agent, and everyone has the power to influence and shape changes, not only the leader. This final chapter loops back to the transformation mentioned in the introduction and emphasizes how micro actions can be applied strategically to support the transformation and ensure employees’ well-being in an ever-changing organization by balancing the paradox of doubt and action.
Counting Paul
Authors: White Benjamin L 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter traces the long history of forgery detection from the Hellenistic period up to the mid-twentieth century, just before the advent of the computer. Ancient, medieval, and early-modern analyses of style were impressionistic. In the nineteenth century, the argumentation became increasingly precise, with particular features of style identified as revelatory of the authorial stylome and with more detailed evidence provided. The chapter sets the stylistic analysis of the Pauline Epistles alongside developments in the wider field of stylometry. In some instances, biblical scholars were pioneers of stylometric methods, and in other cases they lagged behind by continuing to fixate on outdated practices. This chapter also introduces terminology and concepts from the field of computational stylistics and begins to describe authorship studies on the Pauline Epistles within the framework of the various kinds of games that can be played in authorship attribution studies.
Politics of Humanity
Authors: Kalaycioglu Elif 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter develops the book’s theoretical framework on politics of humanity. It proposes that politics of humanity are authorized by an idea of humanity and work to bring it into being as a subject with moral, juridical, or cultural standing in global politics. That movement relies on a set of symbolic resources with which humanity is represented. The ensuing constructions of humanity bound this collective subject, producing social orders. These social orders of humanity generate desires for inclusion, linked to social capacities and the subjectivities they promise and make possible. Finally, constructions of humanity also give rise to political orders, which make certain political visions and corresponding actions feasible and legitimate in relation to this subject, while marginalizing and sanctioning others. This framework provides analytical traction into the productive politics of humanity that course within and beyond UNESCO’s World Heritage regime.