bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human PBMC-based humanized mice exhibit myositis features and serve as a drug evaluation model
Authors: Nishidate Akiko , Takemoto Kana , Imura Yuki , Murase Mikako , Yamanaka Ryu , Kikuchi Manami , Anan Junpei , Kato Sayuka , Akatsuka Airi , Mochizuki Sachiko , Koda Yuzo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are a group of autoimmune disorders characterized by immune cell infiltration of muscle tissue accompanied by inflammation. Treatment of IIMs is challenging, with few effective therapeutic options due to the lack of appropriate models that successfully recapitulate the features of IIMs observed in humans. In the present study, we demonstrate that immunodeficient mice transplanted with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) exhibit the key pathologic features of myositis observed in humans and develop graft-versus-host disease. The hPBMC mice exhibit elevated serum levels of creatine kinase and aspartate transaminase, markers of myositis, and increased expression levels of myositis-related genes, such as vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and serum amyloid A1, in muscle tissues. Histopathologic and flow cytometric analyses reveal the infiltration of CD8+ T cells in the muscle tissue of hPBMC mice, similar to that observed in patients with myositis, particularly in those with polymyositis. Transplantation of CD8+ T cell-depleted hPBMC leads to a significant reduction in polymyositis-like symptoms, in agreement with previous studies demonstrating CD8+ T cells as the main pathologic drivers of polymyositis. Furthermore, the transcriptome analysis of muscle tissue from hPBMC mice reveal extensive upregulation of characteristic genes of polymyositis, providing further support that hPBMC mice accurately reflect the pathophysiology of myositis in humans. Finally, administration of prednisolone or tacrolimus, which are commonly used for IIM treatment, leads to significant alleviation of myositis findings. Therefore, we propose that hPBMC mice should be considered as a model that accurately reflects the pathophysiology of myositis in human patients.
Increase of nitrous oxide-induced neurological disorders – a German multicenter experience
Authors: Meißner Julius Nicolai , Neuneier Janina , Bartzokis Iason , Rehm Mathias , Al-Hayali Ahmad , Müller Marcus , Paus Sebastian , Limmroth Volker , Fink Gereon R. , Petzold Gabor C. , Nitsch Louisa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Nitrous oxide (N₂O), commonly known as laughing gas, is widely recognized for its anesthetic and analgesic effects, and is frequently used in medical contexts. However, its misuse can lead to significant neurological complications, which are often under-recognized in clinical practice. Recent data on such cases in Germany are rare. We here report the spectrum of neurological complications associated with the recreational use of N₂O, as encountered in German neurology centers.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed of 23 cases presenting with neurological symptoms following N₂O abuse between July 2020 and August 2024 across five neurology departments in Germany. Data were collected on patient demographics, clinical manifestations, diagnostic findings, and treatment approaches.

Results
Over the last four years the number of cases increased. Clinical presentations primarily included neuropathy, found in all patients, along with myelopathy. The most common symptoms were sensory loss, ataxia, and motor deficits.

Conclusion
Our data suggest that N₂O abuse is on the rise in Germany. Further initiatives are warranted to raise awareness among users, healthcare and professionals.
Using electronic medical records to analyze outpatient visits of persons with epilepsy during the pandemic—experience from a low middle income country
Authors: Aghoram Rajeswari , Nair Pradeep P. , Neelagandan Anudeep 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Electronic medical records (EMR) can be utilized to understand the impact of the disruption in care provision caused by the pandemic. We aimed to develop and validate an algorithm to identify persons with epilepsy (PWE) from our EMR and to use it to explore the effect of the pandemic on outpatient service utilization.

Methods
EMRs from the neurology specialty, covering the period from January 2018 to December 2023, were used. An algorithm was developed using an iterative approach to identify PWE with a critical lower bound of 0.91 for negative predictive value. Manual internal validation was performed. Outpatient visit data were extracted and modeled as a time series using the autoregressive integrated moving average model. All statistical analyses were performed using STATA version 14.2 (Statacorp, USA).

Results
Four iterations resulted in an algorithm, with a negative predictive value 0.98 (95% CI: 0.95–0.99), positive predictive value of 0.98 (95% CI: 0.85–0.99), and an F-score accuracy of 0.96, which identified 4474 PWE. The outpatient service utilization was abruptly reduced by the pandemic, with a change of -902.1 (95%CI: -936.55 to -867.70), and the recovery has also been slow, with a decrease of -5.51(95%CI: -7.00 to -4.02). Model predictions aligned closely with actual visits with median error of -3.5%.

Conclusions
We developed an algorithm for identifying people with epilepsy with good accuracy. Similar methods can be adapted for use in other resource-limited settings and for other diseases. The COVID pandemic appears to have caused a lasting reduction of service utilization among PWE.
Prevalence and predictors of occupational burnout among first-year medical residents in Oman: the role of trait emotional intelligence
Authors: Al-Huseini Salim , Al Alawi Mohammed , Al-Balushi Naser , Al Sinawi Hamed , Mirza Hassan , Al Balushi Rola , Al Balushi Manal , Jose Sachin , Cucchi Angie , Al-Sibani Nasser , Al-Adawi Samir , Khan Nagina 
Published: January 2025

Previous research has focused on the significance of occupational burnout and the role of emotional intelligence and poor coping abilities among physicians.
Our study aimed to assess the prevalence of occupational burnout among first-year medical residents in Oman, exploring the relationship between trait emotional intelligence subscales and the three dimensions of burnout syndrome, and examining the association between sociodemographic covariates and the three dimensions of burnout syndrome.
The outcome measures included various indices of the abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory. The Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEI) and its subscales were examined.
The data showed a high burnout rate of 25.8%. Specifically, among the residents, 57.5% reported high levels of emotional exhaustion, 50.8% reported high depersonalisation and 49.2% reported a low sense of personal achievement. Age was significantly associated with depersonalisation (P < 0.003) and personal achievement (P < 0.0001). Marital status was the only variable significantly associated with emotional exhaustion (P = 0.001). Single residents had considerably lower emotional exhaustion than married residents (P = 0.001). The global mean score for the TEI was 4.77 (±0.64). A statistically significant relationship was found between personal achievement and emotional intelligence (r = 0.203, P = 0.026).
Global, regional and national burden of depressive disorders and attributable risk factors, from 1990 to 2021: results from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease study
Authors: Rong Jian , Wang Xueqin , Cheng Pan , Li Dan , Zhao Dahai 
Published: January 2025

Background
Depressive disorders pose a significant global public health challenge, yet evidence on their burden remains insufficient.

Aims
To report the global, regional and national burden of depressive disorders and their attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2021.

Methods
Data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 were analyzed for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. We explored the age-standardised incidence, prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of depressive disorders by age, gender and sociodemographic index.

Results
In 2021, there were 357.44 million incident cases, 332.41 million prevalent cases and 56.33 million DALYs. Age-standardised rates for incidence, prevalence and DALYs were 4333.62, 4006.82 and 681.14 per 100 000 persons, with annual declines of 0.06%, 0.03% and 0.04%. Uganda, Greenland and Lesotho had the highest prevalence, while Spain, Mexico and Uruguay showed the largest increases. Greenland and Brunei Darussalam had the highest and lowest age-standardised DALYs rates, respectively. DALYs peaked in the 55–59 age group for men and 60–64 for women, with higher rates in women. Regionally, a U-shaped association was found between the sociodemographic index and DALYs rates. Population growth was the main driver for the increase in DALYs cases. Childhood maltreatment was the leading risk factor, with intimate partner violence affecting more females and childhood sexual abuse more males.

Conclusions
Despite decreasing trends in incidence, prevalence and DALYs rates, absolute case numbers and age-standardised rates continue to increase for depressive disorders. Tackling childhood abuse and improving depressive disorder management are crucial to reducing future burdens.
“I Had Not the Honour to Be Born in England”: Armstrong, Wilkes, and The Muncher's and Guzler's Diary
Authors: Schoenberger Melissa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
John Armstrong's mock almanac The Muncher's and Guzler's Diary (1748) is now little read, but indicates much about the poet-physician's attitudes toward the intellectual, educational, and political questions of his day. Having first framed the almanac as a relatively simple satire on prognostication, Armstrong later revised it to respond to his disagreements with the politician John Wilkes, and to criticize English xenophobia and prejudice. Moreover, in The Muncher's and Guzler's Diary, Armstrong relies on aspects of what Srinivas Aravamudan has identified as “Enlightenment Orientalism” to engage with questions of foreignness, cultural belonging, and the circulation of information.
The effectiveness of medical education in schizophrenia depending on the mental state and type of treatment in forensic psychiatric patients
Authors: Fojcik Joanna , Sobierajski Tomasz , Górski Michał , Martyniak Ewa , Borowska Agnieszka , Krzystanek Marek 
Published: January 2025

Cel pracyGłównym celem badania była odpowiedź na pytanie, czy stan kliniczny pacjenta oraz rodzaj stosowanego leku przeciwpsychotycznego wpływają na możliwości edukacyjne pacjentów hospitalizowanych na oddziałach psychiatrii sądowej uczestniczących w programie edukacji zdrowotnej.MetodaBadanie zostało przeprowadzone w Państwowym Szpitalu dla Psychicznie i Nerwowo Chorych w Rybniku na oddziałach psychiatrii sądowej i trwało od grudnia 2019 roku do maja 2020 roku. W trakcie badania pacjenci zdobywali wiedzę z zakresu edukacji zdrowotnej. Grupę badaną stanowiło 67 mężczyzn w wieku 22-73 lat z rozpoznaniem schizofrenii. Grupę kontrolną stanowiło 40 pacjentów w wieku od 23 do 72 lat z tym samym rozpoznaniem, którzy nie byli edukowani. Zastosowano metodę podwójnego pomiaru (przed i po cyklu edukacji zdrowotnej) z wykorzystaniem skali CGI-S oraz autorskiego kwestionariusza wiedzy pacjentów z zastosowanego programu edukacyjnego.WynikiBadanie wykazało, że nasilenie objawów choroby psychicznej miało istotny wpływ na możliwości edukacyjne pacjentów. Różnorodność stosowanych leków przeciwpsychotycznych (atypowe i klasyczne) nie wpływała na możliwości edukacyjne pacjentów. Dodatkowo badanie wykazało, iż poziom wykształcenia pacjentów miał istotny wpływ na ich szanse edukacyjne.WnioskiSkuteczność interwencji edukacyjnych zależy od nasilenia objawów u pacjentów z rozpoznaniem schizofrenii, ale nie zależy od rodzaju stosowanej farmakoterapii.
Physical activity in patients after bariatric surgery - a literature review
Authors: Śliwińska Martyna , Podraza Anna , Wirkijowska Małgorzata , Wirkijowski Jakub , Wójtowicz Katarzyna , Walczak Agata , Gajek-Flanczewska Wiktoria , Flanczewski Sebastian , Woźniak Paulina , Wietrzykowska Ewa , Sobolewska Dominika , Michalczyk-Fraszka Katarzyna 
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Obesity is a growing global health concern, leading to severe comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and depression. Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for severe obesity, providing significant weight loss and health improvements. However, physical activity (PA) plays a critical role in enhancing these outcomes, including sustained weight loss, improved fitness, and better mental health.

Materials and methods: The authors searched PubMed, UpToDate, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and Science Direct to review the available medical literature about physical activity after bariatric surgery. The following keywords: sport, physical activity, obesity, bariatric surgery were used to search for papers.

Results: This review examines the benefits of PA after bariatric surgery, highlighting its impact on reducing weight regain, maintaining lean body mass, and improving quality of life. It also explores the unique challenges associated with primary obesity and post-bariatric surgery, such as joint pain, loose skin, nutritional deficiencies, and psychological barriers, which often prevent patients from engaging in PA.

Conclusions: The review emphasizes the need for clear guidelines, tailored interventions, and multidisciplinary support to address these challenges. By promoting PA and providing comprehensive care, healthcare providers can ensure long-term success and improved quality of life for bariatric patients.
Association between acetabular coverage over femoral head and rate of joint space narrowing in non-arthritic hips
Authors: Kawai Toshiyuki , Nishitani Kohei , Okuzu Yaichiro , Goto Koji , Kuroda Yutaka , Kuriyama Shinichi , Nakamura Shinichiro , Matsuda Shuichi 
Published: January 2025

AimsThis study was performed to investigate the association between the acetabular morphology and the joint space narrowing rate (JSNR) in the non-arthritic hip.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed standing whole-leg radiographs of patients who underwent knee arthroplasty from February 2012 to March 2020 at our institute. Patients with a history of hip surgery, Kellgren-Lawrence grade ≥ II hip osteoarthritis, or rheumatoid arthritis were excluded. The hip JSNR was measured, and the normalized JSNR (nJSNR) was calculated by calibrating the joint space width with the size of the femoral head in 395 patients (790 hips) with a mean age of 73.7 years (SD 8.6). The effects of the lateral centre-edge angle (CEA) and acetabular roof obliquity (ARO) in the standing and supine positions were examined using a multivariate regression model.ResultsThe mean JSNR and nJSNR were 0.115 mm/year (SD 0.181) and 2.451 mm/year (SD 3.956), respectively. Multivariate regressions showed that older age was associated with a larger nJSNR (p = 0.010, standardized coefficient (SC) 0.096). The quadratic curve approximation showed that the joint space narrowing was smallest when the CEA was approximately 31.9°. This optimal CEA was the same in the standing and supine positions. Multivariate regressions were separately performed for joints with a CEA of < 31.9° and > 31.9°. When the CEA was < 31.9°, a smaller CEA was associated with a larger nJSNR (p < 0.001, SC 0.282). When the CEA was > 31.9°, a larger CEA was associated with a larger nJSNR (p = 0.012, SC 0.152). The ARO was not associated with the nJSNR.ConclusionBoth insufficient coverage and over-coverage of the acetabulum over the femoral head were associated with increased joint space narrowing in hips that were non-arthritic at baseline. The effects of insufficient coverage were stronger than those of overcoverage.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2025;6(1):93–102.
Broadband spectropolarimetry based on single-shot intensity images of polychromatic structured vector beams
Authors: Gao Chao , Cao Xiaoyu , Weng Jianyu , Zhang Bin , Liu Dechao , Mei Yuying , Yang Xuheng , Liu Wei , Lei Bing 
Published: January 2025

Broadband polarization measurement plays a crucial role in numerous fields, spanning from fundamental physics to a wide range of practical applications. However, traditional approaches typically rely on combinations of various dispersive optical elements, requiring bulky systems and complicated time-consuming multiple procedures. Here we have achieved broadband spectropolarimetry based on single-shot images for spatial intensity distributions of polychromatic vector beams. A custom-designed diffractive optical element and a vortex retarder convert the incident polychromatic waves into structured vector beams: the former diffracts light of different wavelengths into concentric circles of different radii, while the latter codes their polarization information into intensity distributions along the azimuthal direction. The validation experiments verify our exceptional measurement accuracy (RMS errors<1%) for each Stokes component in the visible light range (400–700 nm), with good spectral (<0.8  nm) and temporal (an output rate of 100 Hz) resolutions. We have further employed our broadband polarimeter to study the mutarotation of glucose, making direct observations of temporal evolutions of chemical reactions accessible. Our work has significantly broadened the toolboxes of spectropolarimetry, which can potentially incubate various disruptive applications that depend on broadband polarization measurements.
Study of PEG-rhG-CSF for the prevention of neutropenia in concurrent chemoradiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Yang Lu , Yu Lei , Du Xue , Cui Yu , Du Guobo 
Published: January 2025

Background
To study the efficacy and safety of Polyethylene glycolated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (PEG-rhG-CSF) in the prevention of neutropenia during concurrent chemoradiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Methods
This is a single-center, prospective, randomized controlled study conducted from June 1, 2021, to October 31, 2022 on patients diagnosed with locally advanced NPC. Participants were divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group received PEG-rhG-CSF injections post-chemotherapy cycles, whereas the control group received standard care without additional intervention. Outcomes assessed included grade 3/4 neutropenia incidence, blood cell count changes, febrile neutropenia rates, delays or interruptions in chemotherapy/radiotherapy due to hematological toxicity, oral mucositis incidents, and bone pain occurrences, comparing these between both groups.

Results
1. 88 patients with locally advanced NPC were included, the incidence of grade 3 neutropenia in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group (P = 0.026); 2. The white blood cell count and neutrophil count in D7, D10, D14, and D21 in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.01); 3. The rate of delayed chemotherapy in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group (2.3% vs. 29.5%), P = 0.001; the rate of interruption of radiotherapy in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group (2.3% vs.27.3%), P = 0.003; 4. The incidence of bone pain in the experimental group was 34.1%, of which most were mild bone pain, and no severe bone pain occurred. The leukocyte and neutrophil counts of the patients in the bone pain group were significantly higher than those of the patients in the no bone pain group, P(WBC) = 0.001, P(ANC) = 0.002.

Conclusions
The preventive use of PEG-rhG-CSF decreases the incidence of neutropenia in patients undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy for NPC, thereby reducing rates of chemotherapy delays and radiotherapy interruptions, with mild adverse reactions that are tolerable by patients.
Existence and multiplicity of solutions for

p

-Laplacian
fractional system with logarithmic nonlinearity
Authors: Diaz Carlos Romulo , Carvalho de Oliveira Victor , Miyagaki Olimpio 
Published: January 2025

{

(

−

Δ

)

p

s

u
+

|

u

|

p

−

2

u
=

λ

h
1

(
x
)

|

u

|

θ

−

2

u
ln

⁡

|

u

|

+

q

q
+
r

b
1

(
x
)

|

v

|

r

|

u

|

q

−

2

u

in

Ω

,

(

−

Δ

)

p

t

v
+

|

v

|

p

−

2

v
=

μ

h
2

(
x
)

|

v

|

θ

−

2

v
ln

⁡

|

v

|

+

r

q
+
r

b
2

(
x
)

|

u

|

r

|

v

|

q

−

2

v

in

Ω

,

u
=
v
=
0
,

in

R

N

∖

Ω

,

where

Ω

⊂

R

N

is a
bounded domain with Lipschitz
boundary,

s
,
t

∈

(
0
,
1
)

,

N
>
max
{
p
s
,
p
t
}

,

λ

,

μ

>
0

,

p

≤

θ

,

2
<
q
+
r
<
min

{

p
N

N

−

p
s

,

p
N

N

−

p
t

}

, and the
additional weights

h
1

,

h
2

,

b
1

,

b
2

∈

C
(

Ω

¯

)

are such that:

b
1

(
x
)
,

b
2

(
x
)

are positive functions and

h
1

(
x
)
,

h
2

(
x
)

are sign-changing functions. The operators

(

−

Δ

)
p
s

and

(

−

Δ

)
p
t

represents, both, fractional

p

-Laplacian operator, a generalization for the fractional
Laplacian

(

−

Δ

)
s

,
0
<
s
<
1

(
p
=
2
)

, defined in a
integral way as

(

−

Δ

)
s

u
(
x
)
:=

c
(
n
,
s
)

2

∫

R

N

2
u
(
x
)

−

(
x
+
y
)

−

u
(
x

−

y
)

|

y

|

n
+
2
s

d
y
,

x

∈

R

N

,

where

c
(
n
,
s
)

is a positive normalizing constant,
and another
fractional operator.
Specifically, the operators

(

−

Δ

)
p
s

and $(-\Delta)_p^t$ are defined, up
to a
normalization constant, by
the formula

(

−

Δ

)

p

ℓ

u
(
x
)
:=

lim

ε

→

0

+

2

∫

R

N

∖

B

ε

(
x
)

|

u
(
x
)

−

u
(
y
)

|

p

−

2

(
u
(
x
)

−

u
(
y
)
)

|

x

−

y

|

N
+
s
p

d
y
,

for all

u

∈

C

0

∞

(

R

N

)
,
x

∈

R

N

,

and

ℓ

∈

{
s
,
t
}
.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM PEKERJA TERHADAP KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA DI PT. PERUSAHAAN LISTRIK NEGARA (PLN) UNIT INDUK DISTRIBUSI (UID) JATENG DAN DIY SEMARANG
Authors: Putri Fani Nisrina Hasna , Solechan Solechan , Suhartoyo Suhartoyo 
Published: January 2025

Perlindungan hukum bagi pekerja tujuannya yaitu untuk memberikan rasa nyaman dan aman pada saat bekerja tidak perlu gelisah karena adanya peraturan yang mengikat mengenai keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja (K3) bagi pekerja/buruh. Secara khusus fokus penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perlindungan hukum dan upaya penyelesaian jika terjadi pelanggaran Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) pekerja terhadap keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja di PT. Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) Unit Induk Distribusi (UID) Jateng dan DIY Semarang. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis empiris dan deskriptif analitis. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan data hasil observasi, wawancara, dan studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa pertama, perlindungan hukum pekerja terhadap keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja di PT. Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) Unit Induk Distribusi (UID) Jateng dan DIY Semarang membentuk P2K3, SMK3, ISO 45001 2018, dan Contractor Safety Manajemen System (CSMS). Kedua¸ upaya penyelesaian jika terjadi pelanggaran Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) PT. Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) Unit Induk Distribusi (UID) Jateng dan DIY Semarang mengimplementasikan Contractor Safety Manajemen System (CSMS) untuk menegaskan sudah mempunyai sistem manajemen K3L dan melengkapi persyaratan K3L yang valid.
Promowanie kultury antycznej poprzez grywalizację na przykładzie cyklu książek o Harrym Potterze autorstwa Joanne Kathleen Rowling
Authors: Czachor Miriam 
Published: January 2025

Spotkanie z kulturą antyczną ma miejsce już w szkole podstawowej – uczniowie poznają wówczas wybrane fragmenty mitologii oraz elementy filozofii greckiej, aby odkryć grecko-rzymski rodowód swojej tożsamości. Fragmentaryczny zakres przedstawionej wiedzy oraz sposób jej przekazywania nie zawsze jednak wywołuje zainteresowanie. Być może więc problemem nie jest niechęć do poznawania kultury antycznej, ale sposób jej przybliżania. Dlatego autorka proponuje wykorzystanie edukacyjnych możliwości, akie daje grywalizacja, oraz tekstu kultury popularnej (serii książek o Harrym Potterze) jako innowacyjnego dydaktycznie rozwiązania zachęcającego do zainteresowania się tą kulturą. Artykuł został napisany na podstawie fragmentów pracy dyplomowej oraz powstałego w jej ramach autorskiego projektu grywalizacji.