bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A coupled complex mKdV equation and its N-soliton solutions via the Riemann–Hilbert approach
Authors: Xu Siqi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper concerns the initial value problem of a coupled complex mKdV (CCMKDV) equations $$ \begin{aligned} &u_{t}+u_{xxx}+6 \bigl( \vert u \vert ^{2}+ \vert v \vert ^{2} \bigr)u_{x}+6u\bigl( \vert v \vert ^{2} \bigr)_{x}=0, \\ &v_{t}+v_{xxx}+6\bigl( \vert u \vert ^{2}+ \vert v \vert ^{2}\bigr)v_{x}+6v \bigl( \vert u \vert ^{2}\bigr)_{x}=0, \end{aligned} $$

u
t

+

u

x
x
x

+
6

(
|
u

|
2

+
|
v

|
2

)

u
x

+
6
u

(
|
v

|
2

)

x

=
0
,

v
t

+

v

x
x
x

+
6

(
|
u

|
2

+
|
v

|
2

)

v
x

+
6
v

(
|
u

|
2

)

x

=
0
,

proposed by Yang (Nonlinear Waves in Integrable and Nonintegrable Systems, 2010), which is associated with a $4 \times 4$
4
×
4
scattering problem. Based on matrix spectral analysis, a fourth-order matrix Riemann–Hilbert problem is formulated. By solving a specific nonregular Riemann–Hilbert problem with zeros, we present the N-soliton solutions for the CCMKDV system. Moreover, the single-soliton solutions are displayed graphically.
Consumption of milk and dairy products and risk of asthma in children: a systematic review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Song Feng , Xie Yang , Guo Nannan , Zhao Hulei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Some reports demonstrate that asthma benefits from milk and dairy products, however, the findings are controversial. We used meta-analysis as a tool to summarize published data on the association between dairy products consumption and asthma.

Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted to identify studies of dairy products and asthma in children in PubMed, ISI (Web of Science), and EMBASE until 21 July 2022. Random-effect meta-analyses with summarized data were performed for total (high/low) milk and dairy intake. Subgroup analysis was used to identify sources of variation in responses. Publication bias and sensitivity analysis were done to examine the stability of results.

Results
There was no correlation between consumption of dairy products and reduced risk of asthma (OR = 0.82; 95% CI: 0.60–1.05). Our results revealed that elevated consumption of milk and dairy has significant correlation with reduced risk of asthma in Non-Asian population (OR = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.51–0.96) and high quality studies (OR = 0.73; 95% CI = 0.50–0.95). No individual study influence and publication bias was seen in the sensitivity analysis and publication bias assessment.

Conclusion
There was no correlation between consumption of dairy products and reduced risk of asthma. However, we observed that elevated consumption of milk and dairy has significant correlation with reduced risk of asthma in Non-Asian population and high quality studies. More high-quality and population-specific studies should be conducted to determine the risk link between milk consumption and asthma in children.
The development of habitable urban skyways: claiming interstitial territories through evolutionary processes
Authors: Blewett Liam , Nguyen Ngoc Xuan Huy , Makki Mohammed , Showkatbakhsh Milad 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUrban skyways, in which an elevated pedestrian-friendly layer of the city is applied to the existing urban fabric, have evolved from radical conceptual proposals in the mid-twentieth century, such as the continuous monument by SuperStudio, to increasingly realised proposals over the last 30 years, such as the highline project in Manhattan. Developed as either networks that respond to harsh climatic conditions, or solutions that aim to reclaim part of the city for pedestrian use, their use has been additive rather than integrative, in most cases culminating in elevated walkways. This article proposes an alternative approach to the utilisation of urban skyways within existing cities, in which the question of habitation is a primary driver. The research involved the application of sequential evolutionary simulations, to locations in the city of Paris, as an algorithmic approach to achieve multiple conflicting objectives. The results demonstrate the value of urban skyways as habitable spaces that respond to the city as well as being informed by it, in which issues of overpopulation, lack of public space, climatic response and urban farmlands—all of which impact most megacities today—shape the urban decision-making process.
Development of an individual helmet orthosis for infants based on a 3D scan
Authors: Kropla Fabian , Hoffmann Martin , Winkler Dirk , Krause Matthias , Scholz Sebastian , Grunert Ronny 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAn early childhood skull deformity can have long-term health and aesthetic consequences for the growing toddler. Individual helmet therapy aims at a healthy growth of the skull shape, although not every helmet shape guarantees an optimal result. To ensure an optimal fit, a scanning procedure based on a hand-held surface scanner was evaluated.The new helmet orthosis has an inner layer adapted to the shape of the head, which can be exchanged depending on the growth stage without changing the outer layer.In collaboration with surgeons and engineers, a new helmet orthosis concept was developed that is intended to offer improvements in wearing comfort, overall weight, fit and user-friendliness compared to conventional systems. In the course of the development process and in constant exchange with parents, a multi-layer helmet system with generous perforations was created using additive manufacturing processes. The new helmet shape promises easier handling, especially through the closure system.The helmet shape developed in this study is of high quality, especially in terms of fitting accuracy. Unpleasant perspiration is significantly reduced. The integration of the closure as a direct component of the helmet represents a secure closure option.
Unraveling the mystery of the cosmological constant: Does spacetime uncertainty hold the key?(a)
Authors: Ali Ahmed Farag , Inan Nader 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In addressing the cosmological constant problem, we propose that the discrepancy between the theoretical and observed values can be ascribed to the inherent uncertainty in the spacetime metric. Mach's principle, which posits that mass shapes spacetime, intersects with quantum mechanics’ description of a particle as a quantum cloud, rendering the precise location of a particle's mass unknowable. Consequently, understanding spacetime structure at the quantum level becomes elusive. This connection between quantum and spacetime uncertainty could hold the key to resolving the cosmological constant problem. Intriguingly, the length scale of spacetime uncertainty, aligns with the macroscopic quantum weirdness observed in recent experiments. The spacetime uncertainty can be quantified by the scale factor in the Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) universe.
Speaking on Behalf of the Korean King
Authors: Yin Shoufu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDuring the late sixteenth century, top-tier elites of Ming China wrote mock memorials on behalf of the king of Chosŏn Korea. While the Chinese court developed this prompt to familiarize its officials with the changing geopolitics and test their abilities to elaborate on the greatness of China, up until the sixteenth century, elites turned this exercise into an opportunity to rethink the proper order of the world. Notably, some of them epitomized by Ye Xianggao made the critical step to advocate the Korean perspective with words that were even more “intense” than their Korean counterparts. These mock exercises offer access to an important yet much-underappreciated aspect of political culture in early modern China; accordingly, those who had received or had been receiving rhetorical training were actively exploring alternative possibilities of speaking for political and cultural others in a hierarchical world order.
An Optimization-Based Order-and-Cut Approach for Fair Clustering of Data Sets
Authors: Li Su , Aprahamian Hrayer , Nouiehed Maher , El-Amine Hadi 
Published: August 2023

Machine learning algorithms have been increasingly integrated into applications that significantly affect human lives. This surged an interest in designing algorithms that train machine learning models to minimize training error and imposing a certain level of fairness. In this paper, we consider the problem of fair clustering of data sets. In particular, given a set of items each associated with a vector of nonsensitive attribute values and a categorical sensitive attribute (e.g., gender, race, etc.), our goal is to find a clustering of the items that minimizes the loss (i.e., clustering objective) function and imposes fairness measured by Rényi correlation. We propose an efficient and scalable in-processing algorithm, driven by findings from the field of combinatorial optimization, that heuristically solves the underlying optimization problem and allows for regulating the trade-off between clustering quality and fairness. The approach does not restrict the analysis to a specific loss function, but instead considers a more general form that satisfies certain desirable properties. This broadens the scope of the algorithm’s applicability. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm for the specific case of k-means clustering as it is one of the most extensively studied and widely adopted clustering schemes. Our numerical experiments reveal the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms existing methods by providing a more effective mechanism to regulate the trade-off between loss and fairness. History: Rema Padman served as the senior editor for this article. Data Ethics & Reproducibility Note: The code capsule is available on Code Ocean at https://doi.org/10.24433/CO.9556728.v1 and in the e-Companion to this article (available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijds.2022.0005 ).
Registration-Free Localization of Defects in Three-Dimensional Parts from Mesh Metrology Data Using Functional Maps
Authors: Zhao Xueqi , del Castillo Enrique 
Published: August 2023

We consider a common problem occurring after using a statistical process control (SPC) method based on three-dimensional measurements: locate where on the surface of the part that triggered an out-of-control alarm there is a significant shape difference with respect to either an in-control part or its nominal (computer-aided design (CAD)) design. In the past, only registration-based solutions existed for this problem, which first orient and locate the part and its nominal design under the same frame of reference. Recently, spectral Laplacian methods have been proposed for the SPC of discrete parts and their measured surface meshes. These techniques provide an intrinsic solution to the SPC problem: that is, a solution exclusively based on data whose coordinates lie on the surfaces without making reference to their ambient space, thus avoiding registration. Registration-free methods avoid the computationally expensive, nonconvex registration step needed to align the parts as required by previous methods, eliminating registration errors, and they are important in industry because of the increasing use of portable noncontact scanners. In this paper, we first present a new registration-free solution to the post-SPC part defect localization problem. The approach uses a spectral decomposition of the Laplace–Beltrami operator in order to construct a functional map between the CAD and measured manifolds to locate defects on the suspected part. A computational complexity analysis demonstrates the approach scales better with the mesh size and is more stable than a registration-based approach. To reduce computational expense, a new mesh partitioning algorithm is presented to find a region of interest on the surface of the part where defects are more likely to exist. The functional map method involves a large number of point-to-point comparisons based on noisy measurements, and a new statistical thresholding method used to filter the false positives in the underlying massive multiple comparisons problem is also provided. History: Bianca Maria Colosimo served as the senior editor for this article. Funding: This research was partially funded by the National Science Foundation [Grant CMMI 2121625]. Data Ethics & Reproducibility Note: There are no data ethics considerations. The code capsule is available on Code Ocean at https://codeocean.com/capsule/4615101/tree/v1 and in the e-Companion to this article (available https://doi.org/10.1287/ijds.2023.0030 ).
Optimal Learning for Structured Bandits
Authors: Van Parys Bart , Golrezaei Negin 
Published: August 2023

We study structured multiarmed bandits, which is the problem of online decision-making under uncertainty in the presence of structural information. In this problem, the decision-maker needs to discover the best course of action despite observing only uncertain rewards over time. The decision-maker is aware of certain convex structural information regarding the reward distributions; that is, the decision-maker knows that the reward distributions of the arms belong to a convex compact set. In the presence of such structural information, the decision-maker then would like to minimize his or her regret by exploiting this information, where the regret is its performance difference against a benchmark policy that knows the best action ahead of time. In the absence of structural information, the classical upper confidence bound (UCB) and Thomson sampling algorithms are well known to suffer minimal regret. However, as recently pointed out by Russo and Van Roy (2018) and Lattimore and Szepesvari (2017) , neither algorithm is capable of exploiting structural information that is commonly available in practice. We propose a novel learning algorithm that we call “DUSA,” whose regret matches the information-theoretic regret lower bound up to a constant factor and can handle a wide range of structural information. Our algorithm DUSA solves a dual counterpart of the regret lower bound at the empirical reward distribution and follows its suggested play. We show that this idea leads to the first computationally viable learning policy with asymptotic minimal regret for various structural information, including well-known structured bandits such as linear, Lipschitz, and convex bandits and novel structured bandits that have not been studied in the literature because of the lack of a unified and flexible framework. Funding: N. Golrezaei was supported in part by the Young Investigator Program (YIP) Award from the Office of Naval Research (ONR) [Grant N00014-21-1-2776] and the MIT Research Support Award. This paper was accepted by Chung Piaw Teo, Optimization
Self-Disclosure and Respect: Understanding the Engagement of Value Minorities
Authors: Dumas Tracy L. , Doyle Sarah P. , Lount Robert B. 
Published: August 2023

Organizations benefit from including employees with dissimilar values and perspectives, but their ability to realize these benefits is constrained by the degree to which those holding the dissimilar values (i.e., value minorities) feel comfortable engaging with their colleagues and the work of the collective. We extend theory on value dissimilarity by directly examining the experience of individuals whose values are dissimilar from those of their colleagues, and factors driving their engagement in work. Our examination spanned three studies: a laboratory experiment, a vignette study of employed adults, and a three-wave survey of student project groups. We found that the negative relationship between holding dissimilar values from one’s colleagues and engagement was lessened when value minorities disclosed personal information unrelated to their dissimilar values (Studies 1–3). Self-disclosure also moderated the negative relationship between value dissimilarity and feeling respected by one’s colleagues (Studies 2 and 3). Furthermore, felt respect mediated the effect of value dissimilarity on engagement, and this indirect effect was moderated by self-disclosure (Studies 2 and 3). Overall, this research is relevant to organizations seeking to capitalize upon the benefits of minority perspectives in the workforce but suggests that a critical first step is to prioritize the experience of value minorities and the decreased sense of social worth that can accompany this experience. By fostering an environment conducive to self-disclosure, organizations can help to alleviate the discomfort associated with value dissimilarity, thereby ensuring that all people, including the value minority, feel respected and are maximally engaged at work. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.15768 .
A Three-Front Parallel Branch-and-Cut Algorithm for Production and Inventory Routing Problems
Authors: Schenekemberg Cleder Marcos , Guimarães Thiago André , Chaves Antonio Augusto , Coelho Leandro C. 
Published: August 2023

Production and inventory routing problems consider a single-product supply chain operating under a vendor-managed inventory system. A plant creates a production plan and vehicle routes over a planning horizon to replenish its customers at minimum cost. In this paper, we present two- and three-index formulations, implement a branch-and-cut algorithm based on each formulation, and introduce a local search matheuristic-based algorithm to solve the problem. In order to combine all benefits of each algorithm, we design a parallel framework to integrate all three fronts, called the three-front parallel branch-and-cut algorithm (3FP-B&C). We assess the performance of our method on well-known benchmark instances of the inventory routing problem (IRP) and the production routing problem (PRP). The results show that our 3FP-B&C outperforms by far other approaches from the literature. For the 956 feasible small-size IRP instances, our method proves optimality for 746, being the first exact algorithm to solve all instances with up to two vehicles. 3FP-B&C finds 949 best known solutions (BKS) with 153 new BKS (NBKS). For the large-size set, our method provides two new optimal solutions (OPT), and finds 82% of BKS, being 70% of NBKS for instances with up to five vehicles. This result is more than twice the number of BKS considering all heuristic methods from the literature combined. Finally, our 3FP-B&C finds the best lower bounds (BLB) for 1,169/1,316 instances, outperforming all previous exact algorithms. On the PRP, our method obtained 278 OPT out of the 336 instances of benchmark set of small- and medium-size instances being 19 new ones in addition to 335 BKS (74 NBKS) and 313 BLB (52 new ones). On another set of PRP with medium- and large-size instances, our algorithm finds 1,105 BKS out of 1,440 instances with 584 NBKS. Besides that, our 3FP-B&C is the first exact algorithm to solve the instances with an unlimited fleet, providing the first lower bounds for this subset with an average optimality gap of 0.61%. We also address a very large-size instance set, the second exact algorithm to address this set, outperforming the previous approach by far. Finally, a comparative analysis of each front shows the gains of the integrated approach. History: This paper has been accepted for the Transportation Science Special Issue: DIMACS Implementation Challenge: Vehicle Routing. Funding: C. M. Schenekemberg was supported by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) [Grant 2020/07145-8]. A. A. Chaves was supported by FAPESP [Grants 2018/15417-8 and 2016/01860-1] and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico [Grants 312747/2021-7 and 405702/2021-3]. L. C. Coelho was supported by the Canadian Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council [Grant 2019-00094]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2022.0261 .
Care in the community for patients with liver disease
Authors: Brown Michelle , Mortimore Gerri 
Published: August 2023

Liver disease is one of the most pressing challenges facing the NHS today. Michelle Brown and Gerri Mortimore look at how this condition can be assessed and managed by nurses working in primary care. This article focuses on liver disease, its increasing prevalence and associated mortality. It will discuss how liver cirrhosis leads to the development of portal hypertension and the many complications associated with this, along with the increased risk of developing liver cancer. This makes treatment, management, and care for patients with liver cirrhosis complex. It is important that loved ones and health care professionals have the time and an ability to respond to changes in the patient's condition, and journey through to end-of-life. This is paramount to ensure a dignified death. However, advanced liver disease can mean that these conversations, preparation, and decisions may not be possible due to the rapid progression of disease. This article will reflect on these difficult conversations and the preparation for the reality of dying in a community setting with what often features a complex symptom presentation and treatment.
Acceptability of risk-based triage in cervical cancer screening: A focus group study
Authors: Bas Sharell , Sijben Jasmijn , Bischoff Erik W. M. A. , Bekkers Ruud L. M. , de Kok Inge M. C. M. , Melchers Willem J. G. , Siebers Albert G. , van der Waal Daniëlle , Broeders Mireille J. M. 
Published: August 2023

Background
Compared to the previous cytology-based program, the introduction of primary high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) based screening in 2017 has led to an increased number of referrals. To counter this, triage of hrHPV-positive women in cervical cancer screening can potentially be optimized by taking sociodemographic and lifestyle risk factors for cervical abnormalities into account. Therefore, it is essential to gain knowledge of the views of women (30–60 years) eligible for cervical cancer screening.

Objective
The main goal of this qualitative study was to gain insight in the aspects that influence acceptability of risk-based triage in cervical cancer screening.

Design
A focus group study in which participants were recruited via four general medical practices, and purposive sampling was used to maximize heterogeneity with regards to age, education level, and cervical cancer screening experiences.

Approach
The focus group discussions were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Participants
A total of 28 women (average age: 45.2 years) eligible for cervical cancer screening in The Netherlands participated in seven online focus group discussions. Half of the participants was higher educated, and the participants differed in previous cervical cancer screening participation and screening result.

Key results
In total, 5 main themes and 17 subthemes were identified that determine the acceptability of risk-stratified triage. The main themes are: 1) adequacy of the screening program: an evidence-based program that is able to minimize cancer incidence and reduce unnecessary referrals; 2) personal information (e.g., sensitive topics and stigma); 3) emotional impact: fear and reassurance; 4) communication (e.g., transparency); and 5) autonomy (e.g., prevention).

Conclusion
The current study highlights several challenges regarding the development and implementation of risk-based triage that need attention in order to be accepted by the target group. These challenges include dealing with sensitive topics and a transparent communication strategy.