bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migrating Young Unaccompanied Children and the Mobile Commons: Law, Vulnerability, and the Practice of Family Reunification in Sweden
Authors: Andersson Ulrika 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this article I call for an awareness of the mobile commons– the informal support that exists among migrating people, NGOs, and activists – in relation to the realization of family reunification. Taking its point of departure in a concrete case of family reunification for young unaccompanied children, the article seeks to expose how the traditional legal notion of the liberal subject fails to provide protection in the context of legal practice. I argue for using the vulnerable subject as a starting point, in order to make more visible the context in which law operates and ensure protection even for the youngest children.
Social Cohesion of Functional Urban Areas (Example of Eastern Poland)
Authors: Busłowska Anna , Marcinkiewicz Jacek 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper is about studying social cohesion in functional urban areas (FUA). These territorial units become an important stakeholder and recipient of urban policy. Therefore, it is important to study problems of their development, including social cohesion. In the paper it is understood in spatial terms, i.e. it occurs when the differentiation of specific territorial units in terms of selected social indicators is reduced. In the research was studied the sigma convergence related to functional urban areas of vovodeship’s capital cities in five least-developed regions of Poland (so-called the Eastern Poland). The aim of this article is to investigate whether social cohesion is increased in the FUA of the Eastern Poland. The obtained results showed that only in three FUA in the analyzed period was sigma convergence but it was very slow process. In two FUA, no sigma convergence was identified. At the same time, it was observed that in all the analyzed areas there was an improvement in the social situation.
Identifying core beliefs of an intercultural educator: How polyculturalism and group malleability beliefs shape teachers’ pedagogical thinking and practice
Authors: Rissanen Inkeri , Kuusisto Elina , McMullen Jake 
Published: April 2023

AbstractManifestations of educational inequity in diversifying societies have led to a wide acknowledgement of the need to develop all teachers’ competencies to work in the context of diversity. The domain of beliefs and attitudes is generally included as one key component of teachers’ intercultural competence, but there is little consensus over what the core beliefs shaping teachers’ intercultural competencies are. This mixed methods study draws from social psychological research on inter-group relations and explores the role of polyculturalist beliefs and group malleability beliefs in shaping teachers’ orientation to teaching for diversity and social justice. A hypothesized model was tested on survey data from Finnish comprehensive school teachers (N = 231) with structural equation modeling. Findings indicate that polyculturalism, in particular, strongly explains teachers’ teaching for social justice beliefs and enthusiasm for teaching in the context of diversity. Furthermore, we present a case analysis, based on classroom observations and stimulated recall interviews, of how polyculturalism actualizes in one Finnish elementary school teacher’s pedagogical thinking and practice, and discuss the implications of our findings for teacher education and further research.
Combined β-sitosterol and trimetazidine mitigate potassium dichromate-induced cardiotoxicity in rats through the interplay between NF-κB/AMPK/mTOR/TLR4 and HO-1/NADPH signaling pathways
Authors: El-Shoura Ehab A. M. , Salem Maha A. , Ahmed Yasmine H. , Ahmed Lamiaa Khalaf , Zaafar Dalia 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Hexavalent chromium salt, like potassium dichromate (PD), is chromium’s most precarious valence state in industrial wastes. Recently, there has been increasing interest in β-sitosterol (BSS), a bioactive phytosterol, as a dietary supplement. BSS is recommended in treating cardiovascular disorders due to its antioxidant effect. Trimetazidine (TMZ) was used traditionally for cardioprotection. Through the administration of BSS and TMZ, the cardiotoxic effects of PD were to be countered in this study, in addition to examining the precise mechanism of PD-induced cardiotoxicity. Thirty male albino rats were divided into five groups; the control group: administered normal saline daily (3 mL/kg); the PD group: administered normal saline daily (3 mL/kg); BSS group: administered BSS daily (20 mg/kg); TMZ group: administered TMZ daily (15 mg/kg); and the BSS + TMZ group: administered both BSS (20 mg/kg) and TMZ (15 mg/kg) daily. All experimental groups, except the control, received on the 19th day a single dose of PD (30 mg/kg/day, S.C.). Normal saline, BSS, and TMZ were received daily for 21 consecutive days p.o. The exposure to PD promoted different oxidative stresses, pro-inflammatory, and cardiotoxicity biomarkers. BSS or TMZ succeeded solely in reducing these deleterious effects; however, their combination notably returned measured biomarkers close to normal values. The histopathological investigations have supported the biochemical findings. The combination of BSS and TMZ protects against PD cardiotoxicity in rats by reducing oxidative stress and apoptotic and inflammatory biomarkers. It may be promising for alleviating and protecting against PD-induced cardiotoxicity in people at an early stage; however, these findings need further clinical studies to be confirmed.

Highlights
• Potassium dichromate induces cardiotoxicity in rats through the upregulation of oxidative stress, proinflammatory, and apoptotic pathways biomarkers.
• β-Sitosterol possesses a possible cardioprotective effect by modulating several signaling pathways.
• Trimetazidine, the antianginal agent, has a potential cardioprotective impact on PD-intoxicated rat model.
• The combination of β-Sitosterol and trimetazidine was the best in modulating different pathways involved in PD cardiotoxicity in rats via the interplay between NF-κB/AMPK/mTOR/TLR4 and HO-1/NADPH signaling pathways.

Graphical Abstract
Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and infrared (IR) measurements for studying biofilm formation on common plastic litter polymer (LDPE and PET) surfaces in three different laboratory aquatic environments
Authors: Tziourrou Pavlos , Vakros John , Karapanagioti Hrissi Kassiani 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDifferent species of microorganisms colonize the plastic surfaces and form biofilms depending on the aquatic environment. In the current investigation, characteristics of the plastic surface after exposure to three different aquatic environments based on visualization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and spectroscopic (diffuse reflectance (DR) and infrared (IR)) techniques were examined in laboratory bioreactors with time. For both materials, there were no differences observed in the ultraviolet (UV) region among the reactors and several peaks were observed with fluctuating intensities and without any trends. For light density polyethylene (LDPE), peaks indicating the presence of biofilm could be observed in the visible region for activated sludge bioreactor, and for polyethylene terephthalate (PET), freshwater algae biofilm was also visible. PET in freshwater bioreactor is the most densely populated sample both under the optical microscope and SEM. Based on the DR spectra, different visible peaks for LDPE and PET were observed but, in both cases, the visible region peaks (~ 450 and 670 nm) correspond to the peaks found in the water samples of the bioreactors. The difference on these surfaces could not be identified with IR but the fluctuations observed in the UV wavelength region were also detectable using indices obtained from the IR spectra such as keto, ester, and vinyl. For instance, the virgin PET sample shows higher values in all the indices than the virgin LDPE sample [(virgin LDPE: ester Index (I) = 0.051, keto I = 0.039, vinyl I = 0.067), (virgin PET: ester I = 3.5, keto I = 19, vinyl I = 0.18)]. This suggests that virgin PET surface is hydrophilic as expected. At the same time, for all the LDPE samples, all the indices demonstrated higher values (especially for R2) than the virgin LDPE. On the other hand, ester and keto indices for PET samples demonstrated lower values than virgin PET. In addition, DRS technique was able to identify the formation of the biofilm both on wet and dry samples. Both DRS and IR can describe changes in the hydrophobicity during the initial formation of biofilm but DRS can better describe the fluctuations of biofilm in the visible spectra region.
The Feasibility of Goal Management Training to Address Cognitive Impairment in an Outpatient Alcohol Treatment Population: Findings from a Novel Case Series
Authors: Monds Lauren A. , Crowe Amy , Bravo Maria , Ridley Nicole , Newcombe David , Mantell Rhys , Lintzeris Nicholas , Withall Adrienne 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPeople with alcohol use disorder (AUD) exhibit high rates of comorbidity with cognitive deficits, particularly for executive function (EF). Cognitive impairment has been related to poorer outcomes in substance use treatment. Goal management training (GMT), a structured, therapist-led manualised intervention targeting EF, has demonstrated positive preliminary results in substance use disorder (SUD) treatment programs.. However, these studies have had strict exclusion criteria (e.g. excluding clients with mental health disorders), and the feasibility of running such a program in a broader SUD outpatient setting is unclear. The primary aim of this study was to determine the outcomes and feasibility of a cognitive remediation intervention at an outpatient alcohol treatment service in Sydney, Australia. Clients were referred to the study based on risk of cognitive deficits (as indicated by objective cognitive impairment on a screening tool or relevant collateral clinical information). Eligibility criteria included diagnosis of a current alcohol use disorder and abstinence for 2 or more weeks. The intervention consisted of 9 weekly GMT sessions. Out of 34 clients referred, 11 were eligible to participate, and of these, five were allocated to the intervention group and two to a waitlist control group. Due to poor recruitment, statistical analyses between groups were not possible; instead, this study presents a case series of the five clients recruited to the 9-week group intervention using GMT. Clients engaged in the intervention presented with a range of deficits in their cognitive functioning at baseline. Despite positive comments from participants regarding the intervention, there was a high level of attrition; while four clients (80%) completed at least four sessions, only one participant remained until the end of the nine-session program. In its current form, this program is not suitable for this cohort in the outpatient setting. Suggestions are made for tailoring GMT and other approaches to increase engagement and retention in future interventions.
Gastroesophageal Junction and Pylorus Distensibility Before and After Sleeve Gastrectomy—pilot Study with EndoFlipTM
Authors: Magyar Christian Tibor Josef , Borbély Yves , Wiest Reiner , Stirnimann Guido , Candinas Daniel , Lenglinger Johannes , Nett Philipp C. , Kröll Dino 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSleeve gastrectomy (SG) is the most frequently performed bariatric surgical intervention worldwide. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is frequently observed after SG and is a relevant clinical problem. This prospective study investigated the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) and pyloric sphincter by impedance planimetry (EndoFlipTM) and their association with GERD at a tertiary university hospital center. Between January and December 2018, patients undergoing routine laparoscopic SG had pre-, intra-, and postoperative assessments of the GEJ and pyloric sphincter by EndoFlipTM. The distensibility index (DI) was measured at different volumes and correlated with GERD (in accordance with the Lyon consensus guidelines). Nine patients were included (median age 48 years, preoperative BMI 45.1 kg/m2, 55.6% female). GERD (de novo or stable) was observed in 44.4% of patients one year postoperatively. At a 40-ml filling volume, DI increased significantly pre- vs. post-SG of the GEJ (1.4 mm2/mmHg [IQR 1.1–2.6] vs. 2.9 mm2/mmHg [2.6–5.3], p VALUE=0.046) and of the pylorus (6.0 mm2/mmHg [4.1–10.7] vs. 13.1 mm2/mmHg [7.6–19.2], p VALUE=0.046). Patients with postoperative de novo or stable GERD had a significantly increased preoperative DI at 40 ml of the GEJ (2.6 mm2/mmHg [1.9–3.5] vs. 0.5 mm2/mmHg [0.5–1.1], p VALUE=0.031). There was no significant difference in DI at 40 mL filling in the preoperative pylorus and postoperative GEJ or pylorus. In this prospective study, the DI of the GEJ and the pylorus significantly increased after SG. Postoperative GERD was associated with a significantly higher preoperative DI of the GEJ but not of the pylorus.
Graphical Abstract
Mediation by Thyroid Hormone in the Relationships Between Gestational Exposure to Methylmercury and Birth Size
Authors: Gustin Klara , Ekvall Karl Oskar , Barman Malin , Jacobsson Bo , Sandin Anna , Sandberg Ann-Sofie , Wold Agnes E. , Vahter Marie , Kippler Maria 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOur previous studies have linked gestational methylmercury exposure, originating from seafood, to changes in maternal thyroid hormones and infant birth size in a Swedish birth cohort. Herein we aimed to determine associations between maternal thyroid hormones and infant birth size and elucidate if maternal hormones could mediate the relationship between methylmercury and lower birth size. In 515 women, without known thyroid disease, we assessed metal exposure by erythrocyte mercury concentrations (mainly methylmercury, reflecting exposure over the past months) in early third trimester measured with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Plasma concentrations of total and free thyroxine (tT4 and fT4) and triiodothyronine (tT3 and fT3), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured at an accredited clinical laboratory. In multivariable-adjusted linear regression models, maternal tT3 (per 1 nmol/L increase) was positively associated with birth weight (B: 125 g; 95% CI 36, 214) and length (B: 0.59 cm; 95% CI 0.21, 0.97). Maternal fT4 was inversely associated with birth weight (B: − 33 g; 95% CI − 57, − 9.5), driven by obese women (n = 76). Causal mediation analyses suggested that a doubling of erythrocyte mercury (> 1 µg/kg; n = 374) was associated with a mean tT3-mediated decrease in birth weight of 11 g (95% CI − 25, − 1.6) and in birth length of 0.1 cm (95% CI − 0.12, − 0.01), both equivalent to about 12% of the total effect. To conclude, tT3 was positively associated with infant birth size. Reduced tT3 levels appeared to mediate a minor part of the inverse association between methylmercury exposure and birth size.
Thoracic SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumor
Authors: Jiang Jiapeng , Chen Zhixin , Gong Jiali , Han Na , Lu Hongyang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThoracic SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumor (SMARCA4-UT) is a recently described smoking-related malignancy. The pathogenesis of SMARCA4-UT is the mutational inactivation and loss of expression of a subunit encoding the mammalian switch/sucrose nonfermenting ATPase-dependent chromatin remodeling complex (which can be mobilized using adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis nucleosomes and regulate other cellular processes including development, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis), in particular SMARCA4 and SMARCA2. The dynamic activity of this complex plays an important role in regulating the activation and repression of gene expression programs. SMARCA4-UT exhibits morphological features similar to the malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT), small cell carcinoma of the ovary of the hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT), and INI1-deficient tumor, but SMARCA4-UT differs from SCCOHT and MRT from a genomic perspective. SMARCA4-UT mainly involves the mediastinum and lung parenchyma, and appears as a large infiltrative mass that easily compresses surrounding tissues. At present, chemotherapy is a common treatment, but its efficacy is not clear. Moreover, the inhibitor of the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 showed promising efficacy in some patients with SMARCA4-UT. This study aimed to review the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of SMARCA4-UT.
Methane Emission from a Small Lake after Artificially Created Ebullition
Authors: Forner Jan , Schaller Carsten , Klemm Otto 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe total amount of methane
(CH4) that is emitted from wetlands worldwide is still uncertain. A major factor contributing to this uncertainty is ebullition, which is the emission of virtually pure methane gas bubbles from water bodies; these short, high-flux pulses are highly variable in space and time. Small, shallow lakes have been found to be prone to high CH4 emissions related to ebullition, and the fluxes from these ecosystems have been quantified using the eddy covariance (EC) method. However, this method was found to cause systematic biases during high-flux events. In this study, the EC method was used to quantify the CH4 flux from a small, shallow lake in which an artificial ebullition event was conducted to analyze the EC method’s performance under such conditions. Results showed that the flux quality was not necessarily subject to flux biases during the ebullition event but was of sufficient quality to quantify the CH4 emissions. The total emission flux of CH4 from the small lake during the artificial ebullition event was of the same magnitude as the respective CH4 flux over 2.7 days during regular conditions.
Evaluation of chlorination efficiency on improving microbiological and physicochemical parameters in water samples available in Sheble Berenta district Amhara region, Ethiopia
Authors: Temesgen Getahun , Lelago Alemu , Assefa Etagegnehu , Admasie Amha 
Published: April 2023

AbstractChlorination is the most common method of water disinfection of pathogens before discharged into receiving streams, rivers, or oceans. This study evaluates chlorination efficiency in improving microbiological and physicochemical parameters in water samples available in the Sheble Bernta district, Amhara region, from May 2020 to June 2020. Water samples were collected from selected five sampling points from unprotected springs, groundwater, hand-dug well, and river in five kebele from the district. All samples were undergone sample preparation. The chlorination process was made by calcium hypochlorite and then analyzed for bacteriological and physicochemical parameters before and after chlorination using standard procedures. The results of this study before chlorination showed that total coliform (TC) of water ranged between 71 and 127,000 (CFU)/100 ml, pH = 6.89-.35, turbidity = 196–270 NTU, and total dissolved solid (TDS) = 315–404 mg/l. Then the result of the microbiological and physicochemical parameters of water after chlorination was changed into total coliform ranging between1 50 (CFU)/100 ml, pH = 7.25–8.10, and turbidity = 2.9–5.6 NTU, TDS = 93–134 mg/l. Finally, the result confirmed that the removal efficiency of chlorination in total coliform (TC), turbidity, and TDS was ranged between 98.29 and 99.99%, 97 and 92-98.61%, and 62.03 and 73.31%, respectively. It was observed that there is a significant difference in removing turbidity, electrical conductivity, and total dissolved solids (TDS) before and after chlorination, but the pH test did not show a significant difference (p < 0.05). The efficiency of chlorination in removing total coliform and impurity of water is very efficient. It plays a vital role in the bactericide effect, reducing turbidity, and water's total dissolved solids. However, chlorinated compounds' (Ca(OCl)2) increased the pH of water after treatments. This study concluded that the efficiency of chlorination in improving the quality of water is highly significant (p < 0.05) and made water under permeable level compared to the World Health Organization standard. Hence, the chlorination water treatment process in a household can be granted to get quality water at the household level.
Arbeitszeit bei Ärzt:innen und Auswirkungen auf Gesundheit, Zufriedenheit und Gesundheitsversorgung
Authors: Jung F. U. , Luppa M. , Riedel-Heller S. G. 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungVeränderungen der Arbeitswelt hinsichtlich innovativer Arbeitszeitmodelle erreichen zunehmend auch die Patient:innenversorgung, so steigt beispielsweise die Zahl der in Teilzeit arbeitenden Ärzt:innen kontinuierlich an. Gleichzeitig führt eine allgemeine Zunahme chronischer Erkrankungen und multimorbider Leiden, als auch der steigende ärztliche Personalmangel zu mehr Arbeitsbelastung und Unzufriedenheit. Die vorliegende Kurzübersicht fasst die aktuelle Studienlage hinsichtlich der Arbeitszeit von Ärzt:innen und damit verbundenen Konsequenzen zusammen und gibt einen ersten Überblick zu möglichen Lösungsansätzen.
Integrated microseismic and geomechanical analysis of hydraulic fracturing induced fault reactivation: a case study in Sichuan Basin, Southwest China
Authors: Feng Rui , Luo Haoran , Chen Zhaowei , Zhang Fengshou 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBecause of the special geographical location adjacent to the Tibetan Plateau, the geological setting of the Sichuan Basin is very complex, which brings a great challenge to shale gas development. In this study, we conducted an integrated microseismic and geomechanical analysis on a refracturing well in the Sichuan Basin. We observed that casing deformation occurred in the area of fault reactivation. However, the reactivation of pre-existing faults does not always cause casing deformation. In addition, a cluster of high-magnitude microseismic events will be triggered during the fault reactivation, which is also helpful to recognize the reactivated faults. Furthermore, according to the definition of b-value in the Gutenberg–Richter law, a group of high-magnitude microseismic events usually shows a low b-value and vice versa. Based on the analysis of treatment data and microseismicity, we found that there is a positive relationship between b-value and instantaneous shut-in pressure (ISIP): lower b-value represents lower ISIP. The investigation of the stress shadow effect based on the theoretical solution of a plane strain fracture is also convincing to prove the relationship between b-value and ISIP. Therefore, a significant relationship between hydraulic fracturing, microseismicity, and fault reactivation is established. Importantly, some useful implications of this relationship could be utilized for early warning of fault reactivation (probably casing deformation) and optimization of refracturing design for unconventional shale plays.