bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Shaft Gas Injection Technology for Blast Furnace Ironmaking
Authors: Li Jing , Kuang Shibo , Zou Ruiping , Yu Aibing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractShaft injection of reducing gas into ironmaking blast furnaces (BF) helps mitigate BF carbon footprint. However, its effectiveness relies on the interaction between shaft-injected gas (SIG) and other phases. This paper numerically studies shaft gas injection operations based on a 380-m3 industrial BF. A recently developed three-dimensional process model has been adopted to do so. This model is extended to track SIG and hearth-generated gas (HGG), define SIG penetration, and quantify the respective contributions of the two gases to BF performance. After validation, the model is applied to study the effects of three variables related to SIG penetration into the particle bed: SIG flow rate, shaft tuyere number, and horizontal cavity depth. The detailed analysis of flow and thermochemical behaviors shows that increasing the SIG flow rate increases the gas penetration and indirect reduction rate by SIG and lifts the cohesive zone. However, it impedes the indirect reduction reaction by HGG and increases the bed pressure. These effects collectively identify an optimum SIG flow rate. In addition, as the shaft tuyere number or horizontal cavity changes, the SIG penetration zone size changes oppositely in radial and circumferential directions, leading to similar total penetration zone sizes. Consequently, these two variables can limitedly improve BF performance, especially compared with the effect of SIG flow rate. The results suggest that the model offers convenience for exploring the shaft gas injection technology.
Controlling nutritional status score predicts 2-year outcomes in elderly patients admitted for acute heart failure
Authors: Agnoletti Davide , Arcaro Guido , Scaturro Giuliana , Turcato Emanuela , Grison Elisa , Ferrari Elena , Bonapace Stefano , Targher Giovanni , Valbusa Filippo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Heart failure (HF) is a major cause of death among the elderly. Its prevalence increases dramatically with age. The prevalence of malnourished subjects is high in hospitalized elderly patients. We aimed to investigate the prognostic role of malnutrition, assessed by controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score, on adverse clinical outcomes in the elderly admitted for acute HF.

Methods
We enrolled 293 patients (mean age 84 years; 48% men) consecutively admitted for acute HF to the Internal Medicine or Geriatrics Divisions at the ‘IRCCS Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria’ Hospital of Negrar (Verona, Italy) from 2013 to 2015. We predicted the risk of all-cause death, re-hospitalizations for HF and non-HF causes, and the composite of all-cause death or hospitalizations over 2-year follow-up. Patients were divided into four groups according to CONUT score: normal-CONUT (0–1; n = 30); mild-CONUT (2–3; n = 56); moderate-CONUT (4–7; n = 171); and severe-CONUT (≥ 8; n = 36).

Results
Higher CONUT scores were associated with older age and lower entry blood pressures. No difference in hemodynamics was noted at the discharge. Kaplan–Meier curves showed a significant association between worsening CONUT scores and risk of all-cause death (p < 0.01), re-hospitalizations (p < 0.01), or both (p < 0.001). Cox regression analysis revealed these significant associations persisted after adjustment for age, sex, pre-existing cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and plasma brain natriuretic peptide levels at discharge (all-cause mortality HR = 1.29 (1.00–1.66), p = 0.049; hospitalization for HF HR = 1.36 (1.03–1.81), p = 0.033; hospitalization for non-HF HR = 1.38 (1.03–1.86), p = 0.034; composite outcome HR = 1.33 (1.07–1.64), p = 0.01).

Conclusions
Malnutrition, assessed by the CONUT score, is common among elderly patients admitted for acute HF and is strongly related to increased long-term risk of all-cause death and re-hospitalizations.
Effect of Hyperbaric Storage at Room Temperature on the Activity of Polyphenoloxidase in Model Systems and Fresh Apple Juice
Authors: Manzocco Lara , Basso Federico , Nicoli Maria Cristina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe effect of hyperbaric storage (HS) on polyphenoloxidase activity (PPO) was studied in model solutions and apple juice. Model solutions containing increasing amounts of mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) PPO (up to 26 U) were stored at room temperature at pressure up to 200 MPa. During HS, samples were assessed for residual PPO activity. The enzyme was completely inactivated according to a first-order kinetic model that was used to calculate PPO decimal reduction time (Dp) and pressure sensitivity (zp = 140.8 MPa) in diluted model solutions (2 U PPO). The increase in enzyme concentration (6–26 U) nullified the effect of HS, probably due to protein structure stabilization by self-crowding. The application of HS at 100 and 200 MPa to apple juice promoted a decrease in total bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, and molds. These changes occurred in concomitance with the inactivation of PPO (zp = 227.3 MPa). At 200 MPa, PPO inactivation followed a biphasic first-order kinetic, suggesting the presence of PPO isozymes with different pressure sensitivity. The inactivation of PPO was observed to occur more rapidly with increasing storage pressure and led to the maintenance of the original bright juice color. This study proves the capability of HS to control enzyme-related quality decay in fruit juices and, potentially, in many other food matrices suffering enzymatic alteration.
Top 10 Histological Mimics of Neuroendocrine Carcinoma You Should Not Miss in the Head and Neck
Authors: Juhlin C. Christofer , Bal Munita 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
The spectrum of neuroendocrine neoplasia (NEN) of the head and neck region is wide-ranging and diverse, including a variety of diagnoses stretching from benign and low-malignant tumor forms to highly proliferative, poor prognosis neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC). Moreover, there are several non-neuroendocrine differential diagnoses to keep in mind as well, displaying various degree of morphological and/or immunohistochemical overlap with bona fide neuroendocrine lesions.

Methods
Review.

Results
While the growth patterns may vary, well-differentiated NEN usually display a stippled “salt and pepper” chromatin, a granular cytoplasm, and unequivocal expression of neuroendocrine markers such as chromogranin A and synaptophysin. However, these features are often less pronounced in NEC, which may cause diagnostic confusion—not the least since several non-NEC head and neck tumors may exhibit morphological similarities and focal neuroendocrine differentiation.

Conclusion
As patients with NEC may require specific adjuvant treatment and follow-up, knowledge regarding differential diagnoses and potential pitfalls is therefore clinically relevant. In this review, the top ten morphological and/or immunohistochemical mimics of NEC are detailed in terms of histology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular genetics.
The school-life balance effect on acquiring cross-disciplinary competences in VET: disruption or continuity during COVID-19?
Authors: Sánchez-Martí Angelina , Ciraso-Calí Anna , Fernández-Sequi Héctor , Pineda-Herrero Pilar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractConsidering that teleworking and online training are on the rise following the pandemic, studying how school-life balance affects the development of VET competences in online learning during COVID-19 can provide relevant information to enhance educational equity in the future. A longitudinal study was conducted employing an on-line questionnaire to meet the following aims: to explore the development of cross-disciplinary competences in VET during COVID-19; to identify different students’ profiles according to their school-life balance during the pandemic; and, to analyse whether the school-life balance was affecting competency development and propose improvements to training as a result. Results show that cross-disciplinary competences did not undergo important changes between the pre-pandemic scenario and during it, except for a decrease in metacognitive self-regulation. Similarly, most students reported having spent the same time studying before and during the pandemic. However, three main profiles of students are revealed, highlighting certain school-life imbalances. While all agree that remote teaching was critical in coping with the situation, differences were found by age and gender, with some participants experiencing more challenging situations. These results provide a fertile context for VET designers and teachers to generate new learning scenarios that meet all students’ potential needs.
Co-packaged optics (CPO): status, challenges, and solutions
Authors: Tan Min , Xu Jiang , Liu Siyang , Feng Junbo , Zhang Hua , Yao Chaonan , Chen Shixi , Guo Hangyu , Han Gengshi , Wen Zhanhao , Chen Bao , He Yu , Zheng Xuqiang , Ming Da , Tu Yaowen , Fu Qiang , Qi Nan , Li Dan , Geng Li , Wen Song , Yang Fenghe , He Huimin , Liu Fengman , Xue Haiyun , Wang Yuhang , Qiu Ciyuan , Mi Guangcan , Li Yanbo , Chang Tianhai , Lai Mingche , Zhang Luo , Hao Qinfen , Qin Mengyuan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDue to the rise of 5G, IoT, AI, and high-performance computing applications, datacenter traffic has grown at a compound annual growth rate of nearly 30%. Furthermore, nearly three-fourths of the datacenter traffic resides within datacenters. The conventional pluggable optics increases at a much slower rate than that of datacenter traffic. The gap between application requirements and the capability of conventional pluggable optics keeps increasing, a trend that is unsustainable. Co-packaged optics (CPO) is a disruptive approach to increasing the interconnecting bandwidth density and energy efficiency by dramatically shortening the electrical link length through advanced packaging and co-optimization of electronics and photonics. CPO is widely regarded as a promising solution for future datacenter interconnections, and silicon platform is the most promising platform for large-scale integration. Leading international companies (e.g., Intel, Broadcom and IBM) have heavily investigated in CPO technology, an inter-disciplinary research field that involves photonic devices, integrated circuits design, packaging, photonic device modeling, electronic-photonic co-simulation, applications, and standardization. This review aims to provide the readers a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art progress of CPO in silicon platform, identify the key challenges, and point out the potential solutions, hoping to encourage collaboration between different research fields to accelerate the development of CPO technology.Graphical Abstract
An Application of the Life Satisfaction Approach (LSA) to Value the Land Consumption and Ecosystem Services
Authors: Bravi Marina , Bottero Marta , Dell’Anna Federico 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLand systems combine land use and land cover, considering that their changes have important consequences for the local environment and human well-being and are pervasive factors of regional and global environmental change. More specifically, land consumption (LC), due to the occupation of originally agricultural, natural, or semi-natural areas, implies a progressive loss of key environmental resources and ecosystem services (ESs), reducing the individual well-being. Furthermore, policy makers need data on the benefits of public goods in monetary terms to support well-being-oriented decision-making. This work seeks to demonstrate that life satisfaction approach (LSA) can be applied to a practical assessment goal with the intention to give a monetary value to the LC and consequently to a loss of important ESs. The Italian case study is investigated with the help of a national survey database reporting the subjective well-being index (SWBI) subsequently grouped by regions. The overall intent is to make explicit to the policymakers that biodiversity and ESs are valuable to society and that their further degradation will result in irreversible damages to local communities. Using nationally representative data from the Multi-Purpose Survey on Italian Families in Italy over 2012–2016, results suggest that the national average annual income willingness to accept (WTA) related to consumed land is equal to −0.0827 €/m2 on average, while the social cost for LC and the loss of related ESs affects 0.01% of the Italian GDP per year. Finally, the possibility of estimating and comparing the WTA with the land market values brings the method presented here closer to cost-based estimates overcoming the limitations of contingent valuation methods.
LncRNA PVT1 influences breast cancer cells glycolysis through sponging miR-145-5p
Authors: Qu Huan , Li Xingxing , Chen Fei , Zhang Min , Lu Xun , Gu Yun , Lv Mingming , Lu Cheng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Long-non-coding RNA PVT1 (lncRNA PVT1) can be used as an oncogenic regulatory non-coding RNA (ncRNA) for many cancers. However, its function and mechanism in breast cancer (BRCA) are still not clearly elucidated.

Objective
We attempt to explain the mechanism of PVT1’s role in breast cancer from different perspectives.

Methods
We analyzed the expression of PVT1 and its correlation with the breast cancer related clinical data in the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. We used PVT1 overexpression and knockdown lentivirus to infect breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell line for cell function verification, in vitro using CCK-8 to measure proliferation, flow cytometry to measure apoptosis, transwell test to measure invasion and migration ability, detecting cell extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) to assess glycolysis metabolism and explore the biological functions of PVT1 in breast cancer cells. Transcriptome sequencing was used to analyze the changes of related genes in cells after overexpression of PVT1. In vivo we used a xenograft model to study the effect of PVT1 on breast cancer.

Results
PVT1 was up-regulated in breast cancer tissues and was positively correlated with the clinical stage of breast cancer patients. Overexpression of PVT1 in vitro promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and promoted tumor growth in vivo. Knockdown of PVT1 led to the opposite biological consequence. Further bioinformatics analysis showed that PVT1 changes the glycolysis metabolism of tumors through regulation of glycolysis-related genes. In addition, the expression of miR-145-5p is negatively correlated with PVT1. We consider the possibility of PVT1 promoting cell proliferation and metastasis by regulating the aerobic glucose metabolism in breast cancer cells through sponging the miR-145-5p.

Conclusion
Our results reveal a potential pathway for competing endogenous RNA to regulate breast cancer glucose metabolism. PVT1 regulates glycolysis related genes expression by competitively binding to endogenous miR-145-5p in breast cancer cells to change the metabolic phenotype. This may Provide new ideas for precise molecular therapy targets for breast cancer.
What makes older adults feel good?
Authors: Nivestam Anna , Westergren Albert , Haak Maria 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background and aim
To inform health promotion interventions, there is a need for large studies focusing specifically on what makes older adults feel good, from their own perspective. The aim was to explore older adults’ views of what makes them feel good in relation to their different characteristics.

Methods
A qualitative and quantitative study design was used. Independently living people (n = 1212, mean age 78.85) answered the open-ended question, ‘What makes you feel good?’ during preventive home visits. Following inductive and summative content analysis, data was deductively sorted, based on The Canadian model of occupational performance and engagement, into the categories leisure, productivity, and self-care. Group comparisons were made between: men/women; having a partner/being single; and those with bad/good subjective health.

Results
In total, 3117 notes were reported about what makes older adults feel good. Leisure activities were the most frequently reported (2501 times), for example social participation, physical activities, and cultural activities. Thereafter, productivity activities (565 times) such as gardening activities and activities in relation to one’s home were most frequently reported. Activities relating to self-care (51 times) were seldom reported. There were significant differences between men and women, having a partner and being single, and those in bad and good health, as regards the activities they reported as making them feel good.

Discussion and conclusions
To enable older adults to feel good, health promotion interventions can create opportunities for social participation and physical activities which suit older adults’ needs. Such interventions should be adapted to different groups.
Management of contact dermatitis
Authors: Dickel Heinrich 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAs a widespread disease, contact dermatitis affects all age groups with a high prevalence and incidence. In addition to a reduction in the quality of life, it causes considerable health and socioeconomic costs. Essentially, five subtypes can be distinguished, namely irritant contact dermatitis, phototoxic contact dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis with its two special forms of hematogenous and aerogenous contact dermatitis, photoallergic contact dermatitis, and protein contact dermatitis. The diagnosis is based on a detailed history and clinical skin findings as well as the exposure-related performance of allergological in vivo and in vitro tests. Once the contact substance—irritant or allergen—has been identified, the key to therapeutic success lies in its strict avoidance. Symptomatic therapy of contact dermatitis should always be individualized and based on the stage of eczema. Topical glucocorticoids are considered first-line therapy for both irritant and allergic contact dermatitis. The always accompanying basic therapy with skin care products plays a central role for sustainable therapeutic success. Systemic therapy is considered when topical therapy is ineffective or not feasible. In this context, the short-term use of systemic glucocorticoids should be limited to extensive or clinically severe acute contact dermatitis and exacerbations of chronic contact dermatitis. The efficacy of the use of newer biologics and Janus kinase inhibitors in contact dermatitis is currently being evaluated in several clinical trials.
Ballasted Track Behaviour Induced by Absent Sleeper Support and its Detection Based on a Convolutional Neural Network Using Track Data
Authors: Zhang Dawei , Xu Peijuan , Tian Yiyang , Zhong Chen , Zhang Xu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWith development of the heavy-haul railway, the increased axle load and traction weight bring a significant challenge for the service performance and safety maintenance of the railway track. Conducting defect recognition on concrete sleepers and ballast using big data is vital. This paper focused on the detection of absent sleeper support in a ballasted track with an emphasis on the integration of model-based and data-driven methods. To this end, a mathematical model consisting of the wagon, track and wheel–rail contact subsystems was first established to acquire the necessary raw data for the data-driven method, in which the wagon was regarded as a 47-degree-of-freedom multi-body subsystem, and the track was treated as a multi-layer discrete-elastic support beam subsystem with absent sleeper support. Then, an architectural hierarchy of a three-layer convolutional neural network (TLCNN) was developed, which includes three convolutional layers and two pooling layers, and a method for reconstructing one-dimensional sleeper vertical displacement to a two-dimensional time–space matrix was also proposed. Thirdly, verification was carried out by comparing the simulation and experimental results to illustrate the accuracy and reliability of the mathematical model, and the dynamic behaviour of the track with absent sleeper support was investigated. Lastly, the established TLCNN was used to train the raw data of the sleeper vertical displacement and detect the existence of absent sleeper support. Results show that the integration of model-based and data-driven methods was a reliable and effective approach for the detection of absent sleeper support. The proposed TLCNN can acquire and extract robust characteristics in a noisy environment. To handle more complex recognition tasks and further improve performance, deeper CNN models and larger sample sizes should be preferentially considered in practical applications.
Engaging upper secondary school pupils with integrity and source criticism
Authors: Premat Christophe 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe ambition of the article is to create an awareness among upper secondary school pupils on what academic integrity and source criticism mean. Instead of devoting time to a general presentation of academic studies, the claim is that a collective reflection based upon the common practices of pupils (sources) could be efficient to describe the outlines of academic integrity. An action research was made in 2019 and 2020 among Swedish upper secondary school pupils with the help of an instructional video on sources, academic integrity and plagiarism. It revealed a consensus on the notion of source criticism. Furthermore, the findings show that a majority of pupils used platforms such as Wikipedia to get a quick access to facts without daring quoting them in a work for school. This gap represents an opportunity to introduce academic integrity in a very concrete manner with an insistence on the necessity of citing all the sources that contributed to the elaboration of a work.
Reinforcement Learning Under Uncertainty: Expected Versus Unexpected Uncertainty and State Versus Reward Uncertainty
Authors: Ez-zizi Adnane , Farrell Simon , Leslie David , Malhotra Gaurav , Ludwig Casimir J.H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTwo prominent types of uncertainty that have been studied extensively are expected and unexpected uncertainty. Studies suggest that humans are capable of learning from reward under both expected and unexpected uncertainty when the source of variability is the reward. How do people learn when the source of uncertainty is the environment’s state and the rewards themselves are deterministic? How does their learning compare with the case of reward uncertainty? The present study addressed these questions using behavioural experimentation and computational modelling. Experiment 1 showed that human subjects were generally able to use reward feedback to successfully learn the task rules under state uncertainty, and were able to detect a non-signalled reversal of stimulus-response contingencies. Experiment 2, which combined all four types of uncertainties—expected versus unexpected uncertainty, and state versus reward uncertainty—highlighted key similarities and differences in learning between state and reward uncertainties. We found that subjects performed significantly better in the state uncertainty condition, primarily because they explored less and improved their state disambiguation. We also show that a simple reinforcement learning mechanism that ignores state uncertainty and updates the state-action value of only the identified state accounted for the behavioural data better than both a Bayesian reinforcement learning model that keeps track of belief states and a model that acts based on sampling from past experiences. Our findings suggest a common mechanism supports reward-based learning under state and reward uncertainty.