bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Land regulations, innovation and productivity: Firm‐level evidence from China
Authors: Song Huasheng , Zhang Chao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we study how land policy reform affects firm innovation and productivity in China. More specifically, we focus on the impact of the land regulations that controlled the quotas of land supply introduced in 2004. We find that land regulations promote firm innovation but inhibit firm productivity. The regulations constitute land input constraints for firms and make them more difficult in expanding production capacity to fully exploit economies of scale, meanwhile they push firms to invest in innovation to alleviate the adverse effects. It is also found that resource allocation efficiency is deteriorated and aggregate productivity is decreased in the post‐land‐regulation period. Moreover, the effects of land regulations on firm performance are stronger for non‐state‐owned enterprises and industries with a lower level of market competitiveness.
AN ENSEMBLE APPROACH FOR COFFEE CROP YIELD PREDICTION BASED ON AGRONOMIC FACTORS
Authors: Santhosh Chandagalu Shivalingaiah , Umesh Kattekyathanalli Kalegowda 
Published: August 2023

Coffee is the most burned-through handled drink beside water, which is said to be the most exchanged cultivating product followed by oil in the entire globe. The two most significant sorts of coffee assortment filled in India are Arabica and Robusta out of 103 assortments of class coffee bean variety, which are economically exchanged around the planet. In this regard, we are taking major plantation crop in India i.e., Coffee for our research to explore and develop a predictive model for the development of coffee planters to take precise decisions in time during adverse situations in advance. Hence we propose a framework for coffee yield prediction which using machine learning ensemble approach to estimate the influence of agronomic factors to get a good coffee yield. Here, for our research work, the historic dataset is considered which is obtained from Central Coffee Research Institute (CCRI), Karnataka for the year (2008-2019). For the coffee yield prediction, we are considering agronomic factors like Age, Soil Nutrients: Organic carbon (OC), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Alkaline (pH), Zone and Respective yield obtained in chikkamagaluru region, Karnataka state, India. Different classifiers are used namely, Extra Tree Classifier, Random Forest Classifier, Decision Tree and Boosting Algorithms for prediction and performance of each is compared and analyzed. Our results shown that Extra Tree Classifier and Random forest (RF) classifier with a precision of 91% with good results based on performance metrics considered respectively is an effective and versatile machine-learning method compared to other algorithms used.
The Relationship Between Leadership Style and Employee Psychological Well-Being at a Palm Oil Estate in Tawau, Sabah
Authors: Annuar Sarina , Mohd Yusof Halimah , Nur Malek Nerisha Sarah 
Published: August 2023

Strong leadership is the true cornerstone of an organisation and the backbone of a business. It has been suggested that the key role in ensuring success in the organisation and maintaining good psychological well-being is shared among employers and employees. Provision visualized that for maintaining a good psychological well-being among employees were shared between employers and employees the key in ensuring the success of maintaining good psychological well-being in the organisation. Hence, this study aims to explore the relationship between leadership style and employee psychological well-being at the palm oil estate in Tawau, Sabah. Convenience sampling was adopted as a non-probability sample design in this investigation. There were 100 employees that participated in this study, which include the harvester, daily rate employees and line leader. The data collection was conducted by distributing the questionnaire using the Google Form as well in person. Questionnaires used in this research were Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire and Psychological Well Being Scale. The findings showed that the level of leadership style is at a moderate level, while the level of employee psychological well-being is at a high level. This study successfully found a relationship between leadership style and employee psychological well-being within the studied company. Sentence edit: Personal growth dimension was the highest score compared to other dimensionsThere are several limitations that occurred during the research. Firstly, the lack of ability to access the academic journal gave limitations to the researcher to conduct literature review and have a better understanding of the journals. In addition, this study only included one company located in Tawau. The results are not generalizable as the data only reflect one company. Future implications should highlight the importance of role models among leaders by exhibiting leadership style attributes when communicating with their employee as it may affect the employee’s perspectives towards them. Besides, allowing employees to recognize their potential, autonomy, and ideas is a great way to start the journey toward a better leadership style.
Analysis of Brand Effects in Data-Driven Design Based on Online Reviews
Authors: Park Seyoung , Kim Harrison 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Recently, online user-generated data have emerged as a valuable source for consumer product research. However, most studies have neglected the brand effect, although it is a significant factor in conventional market research. This paper demonstrates the importance of brands in data-driven design using online reviews. Specifically, this study utilizes game theory and suggests a game setting representing market competition. Elements of the game are determined based on online data analysis. The proposed approach consists of four stages. The first stage divides online customers into different segments and analyzes them to extract the feature importance of each brand in each segment. The importance is based on the positive term frequency of features, and it becomes the customer’s partial utility for each feature. The second stage defines the specification of product candidates and calculates their costs. This study refers to real market datasets (bill of materials) available online. At this point, the game is all set. The third stage finds the Nash equilibrium of the designed game, and the final stage compares the optimal strategy for a product portfolio with and without brand consideration. The suggested approach was tested on smartphone reviews from Amazon. The result shows that the lack of brand consideration leads a company to choose a non-optimal product strategy, illustrating the significance of the brand factor.
High-Fidelity Computational Assessment of Aero-Thermal Performance and the Reynolds’ Analogy for Additively Manufactured Anisotropic Surface Roughness
Authors: Jelly Thomas O. , Abu Rowin Wagih , Hutchins Nicholas , Chung Daniel , Tanimoto Koichi , Oda Takuo , Sandberg Richard D. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Direct numerical simulations of incompressible turbulent forced convection over irregular, anisotropic surface roughness in a pressure-driven plane channel flow have been performed. Heat transfer was simulated by solving the passive scalar transport equation with Prandtl number Pr = 0.7. The roughness topographies under investigation here are based on an X-ray computed tomography scan of an additively manufactured internal cooling passage, which had an irregular, multiscale and mildly non-Gaussian height distribution. Three different roughness topographies and three different friction Reynolds numbers (Reτ = 395, 590, 720) were considered, along with reference smooth-wall simulations at matched Reτ. By systematically varying the roughness topography and flow conditions, a direct computational assessment of aero-thermal performance (pressure losses and heat transfer) and the Reynolds analogy factor, i.e., 2Ch/Cf, where Ch is the heat-transfer coefficient (Stanton number) and Cf is the skin-friction coefficient, was conducted. The results highlight the profound impact that the roughness orientation (relative to the flow direction) has upon the aero-thermal performance of additively manufactured internal passages, with transverse-aligned roughness augmenting heat transfer by as much as 33%, relative to its streamwise-aligned counterpart. An interrogation of velocity and temperature statistics in the near-wall region was also performed, which underlined the growing dissimilarity between heat transfer and drag as fully rough conditions are approached.
Discussion on Fatigue Reliability Evaluation Method of Welded Structure of Carbody Based on Digital Twin
Authors: Zhao Shangchao , Deng Caiyan , Li Xiangwei , Fang Ji 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Taking the key welds of the heavy-duty gondola carbody as the research object, first, the fatigue assessment of the carbody is carried out based on the quasi-static the main S–N curve method, and the quasi-static evaluation method is discussed; second, the typical welds are selected. Based on the full-size bench physical test and virtual test of railway freight carbody, the quasi-static method is discussed; finally, the line test is used to verify the results. The results show that: (1) among all the load conditions in the quasi-static analysis of railway freight cars, the damage of the core plate needs to be considered according to different parts of the carbody, and this condition is effective for the evaluation of the bearing area of the linear load transfer of the carbody for the welds with nonlinear load transfer such as floor, the stress response caused by core plate load has the problem of over-estimation of damage. (2) The lap weld of floor and beam is less damaged under heavy load, but the stress response is larger in empty state, which indicates that the vibration effect should be considered in the design. (3) The virtual test can make up for the problem of traditional quasi-static analysis. The combination of the two can better realize the fatigue reliability evaluation of carbody.
Inconsistent Effect of Psychometric-Scale Familiarization on the Relationship Between Ratings of Perceived Exertion and External Load Measures in Elite Youth Soccer Players
Authors: Kyprianou Efthymios , Lolli Lorenzo , Weston Matthew , Gregson Warren 
Published: August 2023

Objectives: To examine the moderating effect of familiarization on the relationship between external load and ratings of perceived exertion (RPEs) in elite youth soccer players. Methods: Thirty-five elite male youth soccer players were monitored over a 31-week period. Players had no previous experience using the centiMax scale (arbitrary units [AU]). The final sample included familiarized (blackness test; n = 20) and nonfamiliarized players (n = 15) with the Borg centiMax scale. Players recorded a global RPE and differential RPEs (dRPE) for breathlessness (RPE-B) and leg-muscle exertion (RPE-L) 15 to 30 minutes following training sessions and competitive matches. Separate multivariable-adjusted random-effects generalized additive models with restricted maximum likelihood quantified familiarization versus no-familiarization differences in actual perceived exertion score (in AU) by number of accelerations, decelerations, and high-speed running distance (in meters) as predictor variables, respectively. Results: Players improved their blackness test score from 39% to 78%. For explorations by number of accelerations, familiarization effects were not practically relevant for the RPE and RPE-B variables. The width and sign of the effects for the RPE-L variable at 30 efforts of 10 AU (95% CI, 4–16 AU) suggested that scores were lower for players who underwent familiarization versus players who did not. Familiarization effects were not practically relevant for any RPE variable irrespective of the number of deceleration efforts and high-speed running distance covered. Conclusion: Improved performance on the blackness test did not have a moderating effect on the relationship between proxy measures of external load and RPEs.
Evaluation of Within- and Between-Site Agreement for Direct Observation of Physical Behavior Across Four Research Groups
Authors: Keadle Sarah Kozey , Martinez Julian , Strath Scott J. , Sirard John , John Dinesh , Intille Stephen , Arguello Diego , Amalbert-Birriel Marcos , Barnett Rachel , Thapa-Chhetry Binod , Cox Melanna , Chase John , Dooley Erin , Marcotte Rob , Tolas Alexander , Staudemayer John W. 
Published: August 2023

Direct observation (DO) is a widely accepted ground-truth measure, but the field lacks standard operational definitions. Research groups develop project-specific annotation platforms, limiting the utility of DO if labels are not consistent. Purpose: The purpose was to evaluate within- and between-site agreement for DO taxonomies (e.g., activity intensity category) across four independent research groups who have used video-recorded DO. Methods: Each site contributed video files (508 min) and had two trained research assistants annotate the shared video files according to their existing annotation protocols. The authors calculated (a) within-site agreement for the two coders at the same site expressed as intraclass correlation and (b) between-site agreement, the proportion of seconds that agree between any two coders regardless of site. Results: Within-site agreement at all sites was good–excellent for both activity intensity categories (intraclass correlation range: .82–.9) and posture/whole-body movement (intraclass correlation range: .77–.98). Between-site agreement for intensity categories was 94.6% for sedentary, 80.9% for light, and 82.8% for moderate–vigorous. Three of the four sites had common labels for eight posture/whole-body movements and had within-site agreements of 94.5% and between-site agreements of 86.1%. Conclusions: Distinct research groups can annotate key features of physical behavior with good-to-excellent interrater reliability. Operational definitions are provided for core metrics for researchers to consider in future studies to facilitate between-study comparisons and data pooling, enabling the deployment of deep learning approaches to wearable device algorithm calibration.
Daily Activity of Individuals With an Amputation Above the Knee as Recorded From the Nonamputated Limb and the Prosthetic Limb
Authors: Hagberg Kerstin , Zügner Roland , Thomsen Peter , Tranberg Roy 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Mobility restriction following limb loss might lead to a sedentary lifestyle, impacting health. Daily activity monitoring of amputees has focused on prosthetic steps, neglecting overall activity. Purpose: To assess daily activity in individuals with an established amputation and to explore the amount of activity recorded from the prosthesis as compared to the overall activity. Methods: Individuals with a unilateral transfemoral amputation or knee disarticulation who had used a prosthesis in daily life for >1 year and could walk 100 m (unsupported or single aided) were recruited. Descriptive information and prosthetic mobility were collected. Two activPAL™ accelerometers were attached to the nonamputated thigh and the prosthesis, respectively. The mean daily activity over 7 days was compared between the nonamputated limb and the prosthesis. Results: Thirty-nine participants (22 men/17 women; mean age 54 [14.5] years) with amputation mainly due to trauma (59%) or tumor (28%) were included. Overall, participants took 6,125 steps and spent 10.2 hr sedentary, 5.0 hr upright, and 8.7 hr laying per day. Compared to recordings from the nonamputated limb, 85% of sit-to-stand transitions (32/38), 73% of steps (4,449/6,125), and 68% of walking time (1.0/1.5 hr) were recorded from the prosthesis. Recordings seemed to be less adequate for incidental prosthetic steps than for walks. Conclusions: Sedentary behavior accounted for most of the day demonstrating the importance to encourage physical activity among established prosthetic users. The prosthesis is used for daily activity to a great extent. However, noted pitfalls in the recordings call for further refinement of the measurements.
Combination of deep XLMS with deep learning reveals an ordered rearrangement and assembly of a major protein component of the vaccinia virion
Authors: Mirzakhanyan Yeva , Jankevics Andris , Scheltema Richard A. , Gershon Paul David 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Vaccinia virus, the prototypical poxvirus and smallpox/monkeypox vaccine, has proven a challenging entity for structural biology, defying many of the approaches leading to molecular and atomic models for other viruses. Via a combination of deep learning and cross-linking mass spectrometry, we have developed an atomic-level model and an integrated processing/assembly pathway for a structural component of the vaccinia virion, protein P4a. Within the pathway, proteolytic separation of the C-terminal P4a-3 segment of P4a triggers a massive conformational rotation within the N-terminal P4a-1 segment that becomes fixed by disulfide-locking while removing a steric block to trimerization of the processing intermediate P4a-1+2. These events trigger the proteolytic separation of P4a-2, allowing the assembly of P4a-1 into a hexagonal lattice that encloses the nascent virion core.

IMPORTANCE
An outstanding problem in the understanding of poxvirus biology is the molecular structure of the mature virion. Via deep learning methods combined with chemical cross-linking mass spectrometry, we have addressed the structure and assembly pathway of P4a, a key poxvirus virion core component.
Selection for oligotrophy among bacteria inhabiting host microbiomes
Authors: Jackrel Sara L. , White Jeffrey D. , Perez-Coronel Elisabet , Koch Ryan Y. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Host microbiomes are important regulators of organismal fitness, physiology, and ecology. Microbiomes promote the fitness of their host in part by buffering the host from the full effects of fluctuating conditions and stressors imposed by the external environment. Whether the host conversely serves as a buffer for their associated microbes against variation in the external environment is less clear. Here, we test if bacteria inhabiting the microbiome of a host are locally adapted to nutrient levels in their surrounding external environment. We used a system in which the host, the phytoplankter
Microcystis aeruginosa
, has strains that are locally adapted to low-nutrient versus high-nutrient lakes. Assessing 40 metagenome-assembled genomes belonging to four taxonomic groups of heterotrophic bacteria residing within the host microbiome, we found consistent phylogenetic divergence between strains originating from low-nutrient versus high-nutrient environments. Bacteria found in association with low-nutrient host genotypes obtained from low-nutrient lakes demonstrated genome streamlining, including reduced genome size and fewer sigma factors. These bacterial genomes have features that would facilitate survival in low-nutrient lakes, including (i) greater number of alkaline phosphatase genes that are essential for phosphorus acquisition and (ii) positive selection within genes involved in phosphorus metabolism. Overall, our results demonstrate that despite living in close association with host organisms, bacteria residing within microbiomes may have evolved and undergone environmental selection to stressors external to their host, demonstrating similar patterns of adaptation to those that might be expected to develop among free-living bacteria.

IMPORTANCE
Understanding how natural selection has historically shaped the traits of microbial populations comprising host microbiomes would help predict how the functions of these microbes may continue to evolve over space and time. Numerous host-associated microbes have been found to adapt to their host, sometimes becoming obligate symbionts, whereas free-living microbes are best known to adapt to their surrounding environment. Our study assessed the selective pressures of both the host environment and the surrounding external environment in shaping the functional potential of host-associated bacteria. Despite residing within the resource-rich microbiome of their hosts, we demonstrate that host-associated heterotrophic bacteria show evidence of trait selection that matches the nutrient availability of their broader surrounding environment. These findings illustrate the complex mix of selective pressures that likely shape the present-day function of bacteria found inhabiting host microbiomes. Our study lends insight into the shifts in function that may occur as environments fluctuate over time.
Rapid and strain-specific resistance evolution of
Staphylococcus aureus
against inhibitory molecules secreted by
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Niggli Selina , Schwyter Lukas , Poveda Lucy , Grossmann Jonas , Kümmerli Rolf 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
and
Staphylococcus aureus
frequently occur together in polymicrobial infections, and there is evidence that their interactions negatively affect disease outcome in patients. At the molecular level, interactions between the two bacterial species are well-described, with
P. aeruginosa
usually being the dominant species suppressing
S. aureus
through a variety of inhibitory molecules. However, in chronic infections the two species interact over prolonged periods of time, and
S. aureus
might be able to evolve resistance against inhibitory molecules deployed by
P. aeruginosa
. Here, we used experimental evolution to test this hypothesis by exposing three different
S. aureus
strains (Cowan I, 6850, and JE2) to the growth-inhibitory supernatant of
P. aeruginosa
PAO1 over 30 days. Prior to evolution, we found that
S. aureus
strains were inhibited by secreted compounds regulatorily controlled by the
Pseudomonas
quinolone signal quorum-sensing system. Following evolution, inhibitory effects were significantly attenuated, and we observed that adaptations were
S. aureus
strain specific and involved the upregulation of virulence traits such as staphyloxanthin production and the formation of small colony variants. At the genetic level, mutations in membrane transporters (known to be involved in antibacterial uptake) were the most frequent evolutionary targets. Our work indicates that adaptations of
S. aureus
to
P. aeruginosa
occurs rapidly and affect both virulence trait expression and membrane transporter functionality. Thus, pathogen evolution could promote species co-existence and complicate treatment options in infections.

IMPORTANCE

Polymicrobial infections are common. In chronic infections, the different pathogens may repeatedly interact, which could spur evolutionary dynamics with pathogens adapting to one another. Here, we explore the potential of
Staphylococcus aureus
to adapt to its competitor
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. These two pathogens frequently co-occur, and
P. aeruginosa
is seen as the dominant species being able to displace
S. aureus
. We studied three different
S. aureus
strains and found that all became quickly resistant to inhibitory compounds secreted by
P. aeruginosa
. Our experimental evolution revealed strains-specific adaptations with three main factors contributing to resistance evolution: (i) overproduction of staphyloxanthin, a molecule protecting from oxidative stress; (ii) the formation of small colony variants also protecting from oxidative stress; and (iii) alterations of membrane transporters possibly reducing toxin uptake. Our results show that species interactions can change over time potentially favoring species co-existence, which in turn could affect disease progression and treatment options.