bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EXPLORING THE RESEARCH JOURNEY: BARRIERS AND FACILITATORS FOR POSTGRADUATE MAXILLOFACIAL TRAINEES
Authors: Fahimuddin  , Khan Naveed Afzal , Khan Muslim , Kayani Harmain , Durrani Mushyyada , Zakariya Muhammad 
Published: January 2025

Objective: To explore the Barriers and Facilitators for research in Postgraduate Maxillofacial Trainees.
Methodology: Exploratory Qualitative study design (Case study) was adopted. A ten-question questionnaire was developed and piloted to identify the different perceptions of maxillofacial Trainees. Purposive Sampling was used to conduct eight semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was undertaken with Triangulation of transcripts.
Results: Five main themes emerged from the data analyses. Research as a Path to Innovation showed research as a means of pushing boundaries and advancing knowledge. Motivation to Make a Difference outlined that the motivation for conducting research stems from personal passion and external pressures. Hurdles on the Research Path portrays the barriers in the research journey. Fueling Research Success highlights the facilitators in this journey. Nurturing Research Skills for Tomorrow shows the path to improve research skills among trainees.
Conclusion: Maxillofacial surgery residents face significant barriers in their research journey. Despite these obstacles, their intrinsic motivation and the requirement for academic publishing drive their research efforts. To improve research outcomes, early exposure to research, continuous training, and institutional support are essential.
Born Healers, Not Leaders: The Hidden Weakness of Medical Education
Authors: Bennett Steven , Kelly Brendan , Messmer Madison , Shepard Samuel , Scott Gavin , McDermott Michael , Bamberger Brent 
Published: January 2025

Background
Leadership is a critical element in achieving both personal and professional success, particularly in healthcare where team collaboration is essential. A strong leader who can effectively communicate, assign roles, and delegate responsibilities is often the driving force behind a successful team. However, leadership skills are notably lacking among frontline physicians, largely due to the insufficient emphasis on leadership development in medical training. Some programs have begun incorporating leadership training for their residents and students, finding it valuable, recommending other programs to adopt similar initiatives.

Purpose
To standardize leadership training in medical education, we first must distinguish leadership from management. With this in mind, the purpose of this study is to define leadership in the clinical setting, and assess how medical trainees perceive it and its potential integration into their training.

Methods
A survey was sent to residents of a community-based training hospital. The de-identified survey consisted of 10 multiple-choice and multiple-answer questions defining leadership, interest in leadership training, confidence in personal leadership, and perceived necessity for formal leadership training. Demographics such as year in training, specialty, and gender were also collected for analysis. Data was collected and analyzed through SurveyMonkey.

Results
Twenty-one (21) responses were received, consisting of eleven (11) male and ten (10) female participants. The respondents ranged from first postgraduate year (PGY-1) residents to those finishing their residency (PGY-5), with the largest number of respondents in postgraduate year 3. The specialties with the highest number of responses were Family Medicine and Orthopedic Surgery , each accounting for 19% of total respondents. 100% (21/21) of respondents stated some attending physicians were better leaders than others, with 66.7% (14/21) stating the most important characteristic of these leaders is the ability to communicate effectively, listen actively, and build strong relationships with others. 24% (5/21) of respondents stated they did not believe medical school and residency alone prepared them to be adequate leaders with 43% (9/21) stating leadership training should be incorporated into residency programs and 24% (5/21) stating leadership training should be incorporated into all phases of medical training, including as attending physicians.

Conclusions
Nearly all respondents agreed that leadership training should be a part of medical education, with over half emphasizing its value in improving networking and mentoring in their roles as physicians. Respondents highlighted communication and relationship-building as key leadership traits, and noted their medical education lacked direct preparation in these areas. Leadership skills are vital for success in healthcare, and should be prioritized in medical training.
Maintaining a Cement Spacer for the Treatment of Bony Voids in Complicated Fracture Nonunions
Authors: McDermott Michael , Rebic Ante , DiPasquale Luke , Steimle Jerrod 
Published: January 2025

Background
Fracture nonunion is a rare but devastating outcome that can result in significantly increased morbidity and a lengthy recovery for the patient. In the cases of septic nonunion, treatment options include IV antibiotics and debridement of all nonviable bone. While this approach is often successful at clearing infection, it can result in a substantial bony void. To combat these defects, many surgeons have implemented multi-stage procedures such as the Masquelet technique (MT). MT is a well-studied concept that consists of debridement and the placement of an antibiotic cement spacer. After the infection has cleared, the second procedure removes the spacer and fills the void with bone graft. While successful, this multi-stage procedure can be associated with significant patient burden, a long, non-weight-bearing period, and an overall lengthy recovery. This case series highlights a variation of the standard MT technique, utilizing concepts of cement augmentation for fracture treatment while reducing the need for the second stage of the procedure.

Case Series
In this retrospective series, four consecutive patients with complicated fracture nonunions were subjected to a first-stage MT procedure with placement of an antibiotic polymethylmethacrylate cement spacer and definitive hardware placement. These nonunions included two distal femur fractures, a spiral humeral shaft fracture and a clavicle fracture. These four patients demonstrated good bone healing and quickly returned to their baseline activity levels. In each case, elective permanent retention of the cement spacer was discussed, and exchange for bone graft was only performed on an as-needed basis. All patients went on to develop bridging bone around the spacer with full healing of the adjacent cortices.

Conclusions
Maintaining the cement spacer allowed these patients to regain function quickly and return to their daily living activities while eliminating the risks associated with a second procedure.
Analysis of the Influence of Technological Development on Traditional Market Activities
Authors: Ziahh Fau , Hartono Rudi , Heryadi Adie 
Published: January 2025

Purpose of the research This is to see how the influence of technological developments impacts conventional market activities. This research focuses on interactions between traders and consumers, operational efficiency, and competitiveness with contemporary markets.
Research methods This is a qualitative descriptive, and case study conducted in several traditional markets that have used technology such as electronic payment systems and digital marketing applications. Apart from interviews and direct observations with traders and consumers, data was collected through research into related literature.Research result shows that technology impacts traditional markets in a dual way: it increases transaction efficiency and opens markets to traders who are able to adapt. However, some traders face difficulties understanding and implementing new technology. Apart from that, pressure from modern markets to adapt to faster technology also affects the sustainability of traditional markets.
In order for traditional market traders to remain competitive in the face of change, this research recommends that they need technology training programs and policy support from the government to support technology integration in traditional markets so that they can compete fairly in the digital era.
L’immigration, la diversité et l’investissement en Recherche et développement dans les entreprises canadiennes
Authors: Zhu Nong , Zhong Jianwei 
Published: January 2025

En utilisant la Base de données canadienne sur la dynamique employeurs-employés, la présente étude analyse l’impact de l’immigration sur l’investissement en Recherche et développement (R et D) dans les entreprises canadiennes. Nous comparons d’abord les activités de R et D entre entreprises natives, immigrantes et mixtes. Ensuite, nous examinons l’effet des caractéristiques de l’entreprise et des personnes immigrantes propriétaires sur l’investissement en R et D en utilisant des estimations économétriques. Nos principaux résultats sont les suivants : (i) l’immigration renforce dans l’ensemble les activités en R et D des entreprises ; en particulier, les entreprises mixtes occupent une place importante dans la R et D ; (ii) la diversité socioculturelle et l’accumulation de capital humain des personnes immigrantes ont un impact positif sur la R et D ; et (iii) les étudiantes et les étudiants internationaux favorisent la R et D dans les entreprises.
Parcours croisés : intersections entre trajectoires migratoires et expériences
périnatales dans les parcours de vie de femmes sud-asiatiques à Montréal
Authors: Schneider Jacqueline 
Published: January 2025

À la lumière d’une recherche sur la périnatalité réalisée auprès de femmes
sud-asiatiques récemment immigrées à Montréal, cet article montre l’existence de liens entre
leurs trajectoires migratoires et leurs expériences périnatales. À partir de l’analyse de
39 récits biographiques construits au sein d’un terrain ethnographique d’une durée de
13 mois, l’existence de quatre parcours type a été dégagée, mettant d’abord en exergue la
variabilité des parcours migratoires et des expériences périnatales. Plus profondément, nous
tentons surtout de démontrer, d’une part, que certains éléments présents dans les
expériences migratoires, notamment le type de projet migratoire initial, s’inscrivent dans
les expériences périnatales et, d’autre part, nous présentons les réponses formulées par les
femmes afin d’y faire face.
LL’intelligenza artificiale generativa: rischi e opportunità in ambito educativo. Il progetto «CounselorBot» per il supporto tutoriale
Authors: Dragoni Daniele , Margottini Massimo 
Published: January 2025

GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: RISKS AND OPPORTUNITIES IN EDUCATION. THE «COUNSELORBOT» PROJECT FOR TUTORIAL SUPPORT Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) is progressively entering educational practices, influencing teaching and learning methodologies. Its use raises issues of various kinds – educational, methodological-didactic, and ethical – highlighting risks such as discrimination, increasing technological dependency, and the uncontrolled generation of inaccurate and hardly recognizable content due to biases in datasets. The European Union, through the AI Act, has classified the use of AI in education as «high risk», emphasizing the importance of a cautious and responsible approach. This article analyzes the opportunities offered by AI and the strategies to mitigate its risks, examines the AI Act, and presents the «Counselor-Bot» project, a concrete example of an application designed to support students in their educational and career guidance paths.
Usi intelligenti dell’intelligenza artificiale. Il man-with-the-machine learning
Authors: Trinchero Roberto 
Published: January 2025

INTELLIGENT USES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE. THE MAN-WITH-THE-MACHINE LEARNING Abstract The use of artificial intelligence systems capable of conversing in natural language with humans and responding to precise inquiries by leveraging a network-powered knowledge base (chatbots) is also expanding into the educational field, suggesting new possibilities and risks. This paper aims to present some reflections on the use of machines for teaching and their evolution into intelligent tutoring systems, outlining the possibilities and risks of a machine-driven and a human-driven learning/teaching interaction. The reflections focus on possible principles and methods to establish effective learning/teaching relationships that can enhance the peculiar aspects of human intelligence and empower them with the help of machine «intelligence». The «man-with-the-machine learning» perspective defines and promotes ways of synergistic interaction between the two types of intelligence – deeply and structurally different – showing how they can act together and complement each other.
Cushing Syndrome
Authors: Reincke Martin , Fleseriu Maria 
Published: July 2023

ImportanceCushing syndrome is defined as a prolonged increase in plasma cortisol levels that is not due to a physiological etiology. Although the most frequent cause of Cushing syndrome is exogenous steroid use, the estimated incidence of Cushing syndrome due to endogenous overproduction of cortisol ranges from 2 to 8 per million people annually. Cushing syndrome is associated with hyperglycemia, protein catabolism, immunosuppression, hypertension, weight gain, neurocognitive changes, and mood disorders.ObservationsCushing syndrome characteristically presents with skin changes such as facial plethora, easy bruising, and purple striae and with metabolic manifestations such as hyperglycemia, hypertension, and excess fat deposition in the face, back of the neck, and visceral organs. Cushing disease, in which corticotropin excess is produced by a benign pituitary tumor, occurs in approximately 60% to 70% of patients with Cushing syndrome due to endogenous cortisol production. Evaluation of patients with possible Cushing syndrome begins with ruling out exogenous steroid use. Screening for elevated cortisol is performed with a 24-hour urinary free cortisol test or late-night salivary cortisol test or by evaluating whether cortisol is suppressed the morning after an evening dexamethasone dose. Plasma corticotropin levels can help distinguish between adrenal causes of hypercortisolism (suppressed corticotropin) and corticotropin-dependent forms of hypercortisolism (midnormal to elevated corticotropin levels). Pituitary magnetic resonance imaging, bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling, and adrenal or whole-body imaging can help identify tumor sources of hypercortisolism. Management of Cushing syndrome begins with surgery to remove the source of excess endogenous cortisol production followed by medication that includes adrenal steroidogenesis inhibitors, pituitary-targeted drugs, or glucocorticoid receptor blockers. For patients not responsive to surgery and medication, radiation therapy and bilateral adrenalectomy may be appropriate.Conclusions and RelevanceThe incidence of Cushing syndrome due to endogenous overproduction of cortisol is 2 to 8 people per million annually. First-line therapy for Cushing syndrome due to endogenous overproduction of cortisol is surgery to remove the causative tumor. Many patients will require additional treatment with medications, radiation, or bilateral adrenalectomy.
Cocaine or Methamphetamine Use During Young Adulthood Following Stimulant Use for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder During Adolescence
Authors: McCabe Sean Esteban , Schulenberg John E. , Wilens Timothy E. , Schepis Ty S. , McCabe Vita V. , Veliz Phil T. 
Published: July 2023

ImportanceThe prescribing of stimulant medications for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has increased in the US. Prescription stimulants are one of the most commonly misused controlled substances during adolescence. Despite a 10-fold increase in stimulant-related overdose deaths in the past decade, the transitions from prescription stimulants to illicit stimulants (eg, cocaine, methamphetamine) remain relatively unknown in longitudinal population-based studies.ObjectiveTo determine the longitudinal transitions from adolescents’ prescription stimulant exposure (ie, stimulant therapy for ADHD and prescription stimulant misuse [PSM]) to later cocaine and methamphetamine use during young adulthood.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsNational longitudinal multicohort panels of US 12th grade public and private school students in the coterminous US were assessed annually (baseline cohort years 2005-2017 [between March and June]) and followed up across 3 waves over a 6-year period to 23 to 24 years of age (follow-up years 2011-2021 [between April and October]).ExposureHistory of self-reported stimulant therapy for ADHD at baseline.Main Outcomes and MeasuresIncidence and prevalence of past-year use of cocaine and methamphetamine during young adulthood (19-24 years of age).ResultsAmong 5034 students enrolled at baseline (2589 [52.0%] female), 470 (10.2% [95% CI, 9.4%-11.2%]) reported use of stimulant therapy for ADHD, 671 (14.6% [95% CI, 13.5%-15.6%]) reported PSM only, and 3459 (75.2% [95% CI, 73.9%-76.4%]) reported neither (and served as population controls). In controlled analyses, there were no statistically significant differences between adolescents who reported stimulant therapy for ADHD at baseline compared with population controls in the adjusted odds of transitioning to later cocaine or methamphetamine initiation or use during young adulthood (19-24 years of age). In contrast, PSM during adolescence in those not treated with stimulants for ADHD had significantly higher odds of transitioning to later cocaine or methamphetamine initiation and use during young adulthood compared with population controls (adjusted odds ratio, 2.64 [95% CI, 1.54-4.55]).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this multicohort study, adolescents’ stimulant therapy for ADHD was not associated with increased risk of later cocaine and methamphetamine use during young adulthood. Adolescents’ prescription stimulant misuse offered a signal for subsequent cocaine or methamphetamine use and warrants monitoring and screening.
Tin Doping Induced High‐Performance Solution‐Processed Ga2O3 Photosensor toward Neuromorphic Visual System
Authors: Li Peng , Shan Xuanyu , Lin Ya , Meng Xiangjing , Ma Jiangang , Wang Zhongqiang , Zhao Xiaoning , Li Bingsheng , Liu Weizhen , Xu Haiyang , Liu Yichun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGa2O3 is an emerging wide‐bandgap semiconductor with high deep ultraviolet absorption, tunable persistent photoconductivity, and excellent stability toward electric fields, making it a promising component for neuromorphic visual systems (NVSs). However, Ga2O3‐based photosensors with high responsivity and long response decay times are required for efficient NVSs. A solution‐processed doping strategy for fabrication of Ga2O3 is proposed with tin foil as a dopant source. Tin‐doped Ga2O3 (Ga2O3:Sn) photosensors are obtained with ultrahigh responsivity and extremely long response decay times. These behaviors are attributed to substitutional tin and oxygen vacancies that modulate defect‐related hole trapping. High‐performance Ga2O3:Sn photosensors can mimic photonic synaptic behaviors and image pre‐processing functions. NVSs based on a Ga2O3:Sn photonic synapse array perform pattern recognition with an accuracy of 97.3% under an unprecedented low‐light pulse stimuli of 0.5 µW cm−2. This work provides a low‐cost solution‐processed approach to ultrasensitive Ga2O3:Sn NVSs and will facilitate developments in artificial intelligence technology.
Bimetallic Organic Frameworks of High Piezovoltage for Sono‐Piezo Dynamic Therapy
Authors: Wang Qiqi , Tian Yue , Yao Meng , Fu Jingke , Wang Lianzhou , Zhu Yingchun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPiezoelectric materials produce charges to directly act on cancer medium or promote the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) for novel tumor therapy triggered by sonography. Currently, piezoelectric sonosensitizers are mainly used to catalyze ROS generation by the band‐tilting effect for sonodynamic therapy. However, it remains a challenge for piezoelectric sonosensitizers to produce high piezovoltages to overcome the bandgap barrier for direct charge generation. Herein, Mn–Ti bimetallic organic framework tetragonal nanosheets (MT‐MOF TNS) are designed to produce high piezovoltages for novel sono‐piezo (SP)‐dynamic therapy (SPDT) with remarkable antitumor efficacy in vitro and in vivo. The MT‐MOF TNS comprise non‐centrosymmetric secondary building units of Mn–Ti–oxo cyclic octamers with charge heterogeneous components for piezoelectricity. The MT‐MOF TNS promotes strong sonocavitation to induce piezoelectric effect with a high SP voltage (2.9 V) in situ, to directly excite charges, which is validated by SP‐excited luminescence spectrometry. The SP voltage and charges depolarize the mitochondrial and plasma membrane potentials and cause ROS overproduction and serious tumor cell damage. Importantly, MT‐MOF TNS can be decorated with targeting molecules and chemotherapeutics for more severe tumor regression by combining SPDT with chemodynamic therapy and chemotherapy. This report develops a fascinating MT‐MOF piezoelectric nano‐semiconductor and provides an efficient SPDT strategy for tumor treatment.
Engineering Relaxor Behavior in (BaTiO3)n/(SrTiO3)n Superlattices
Authors: Lupi Eduardo , Wexler Robert B. , Meyers Derek , Zahradnik Anton , Jiang Yizhe , Susarla Sandhya , Ramesh Ramamoorthy , Martin Lane W. , Rappe Andrew M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractComplex‐oxide superlattices provide a pathway to numerous emergent phenomena because of the juxtaposition of disparate properties and the strong interfacial interactions in these unit‐cell‐precise structures. This is particularly true in superlattices of ferroelectric and dielectric materials, wherein new forms of ferroelectricity, exotic dipolar textures, and distinctive domain structures can be produced. Here, relaxor‐like behavior, typically associated with the chemical inhomogeneity and complexity of solid solutions, is observed in (BaTiO3)n/(SrTiO3)n (n = 4–20 unit cells) superlattices. Dielectric studies and subsequent Vogel–Fulcher analysis show significant frequency dispersion of the dielectric maximum across a range of periodicities, with enhanced dielectric constant and more robust relaxor behavior for smaller period n. Bond‐valence molecular‐dynamics simulations predict the relaxor‐like behavior observed experimentally, and interpretations of the polar patterns via 2D discrete‐wavelet transforms in shorter‐period superlattices suggest that the relaxor behavior arises from shape variations of the dipolar configurations, in contrast to frozen antipolar stripe domains in longer‐period superlattices (n = 16). Moreover, the size and shape of the dipolar configurations are tuned by superlattice periodicity, thus providing a definitive design strategy to use superlattice layering to create relaxor‐like behavior which may expand the ability to control desired properties in these complex systems.