bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term outcome of vestibular function and hearing in children with congenital cytomegalovirus infection: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Kokkola Eeva , Niemensivu Riina , Lappalainen Maija , Palomäki Maarit , Nieminen Tea , Boppana Suresh , Saxèn Harri , Puhakka Laura 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMV) is the most frequent nonhereditary cause for sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in children. Data on vestibular function in children with cCMV are, however, scarce, although some evidence for cCMV-associated vestibular dysfunction exists. In this prospective cohort study, we evaluated long-term vestibular function and hearing outcomes in a cohort of children with cCMV.

Methods
Participants were 6–7-year-old children with cCMV from a large population-based screening study. Controls were age and gender matched healthy children, who were CMV-negative at birth. Hearing was examined with pure tone audiometry. Definition of hearing loss was pure-tone average > 20 dB. Vestibular function was assessed using the video head impulse test that provides a measure of semicircular canal function. Definition of vestibular dysfunction was lateral semicircular canal gain < 0.75.

Results
Vestibular dysfunction occurred in 7/36 (19.4%) of children with cCMV and in 1/31 (3.2%) of controls (p = 0.060). SNHL was recorded in 4/38 (10.5%) of children with cCMV and in 0/33 of controls (p = 0.118). Hearing loss was unilateral in all cases. In cCMV group, the two children with bilateral vestibular dysfunction also had SNHL, whereas those with unilateral vestibular dysfunction (n = 5) had normal hearing.

Conclusions
In this cohort of children with cCMV identified using newborn screening, vestibular dysfunction was more common than SNHL at 6 years of age. Vestibular dysfunction occurred both in children with and without SNHL. Based on these data, inclusion of vestibular tests in follow-up protocol of cCMV should be considered.
Bariatric surgery reduces sleep apnea in obese patients with obstructive sleep apnea by increasing pharyngeal cross-sectional area during the early postoperative period
Authors: Zhao Yuliang , Li Tao , Zhang Guangyuan , Liang Xiaorong , Wang Yanxia , Kang Jiansheng , Ma Jiangang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objective
Bariatric surgery (BS) is considered one of the most effective treatments for obese individuals with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). However, otolaryngologists have raised concerns about the structural alterations caused by BS on the upper respiratory tract, especially, on the pharyngeal cavity.

Methods
In this study, we recruited 42 individuals who underwent BS at our hospital. They were divided into two groups based on apnea–hypopnea index (AHI): mild group (5 ≤ AHI < 15) and moderate-severe group (AHI ≥ 15). The participants were followed up for 12 months and several indicators, including body mass index (BMI), polysomnography (PSG), and acoustic pharyngometry (APh), were assessed repeatedly before surgery and at 3, 6, and 12 months (m) after surgery.

Results
Participants exhibited significant decreases in BMI (F = 128.1, P = 0.001) and total weight loss (F = 176.7, P < 0.001) after BS. The AHI value among obese patients with mild OSA decreased significantly within three months after surgery (0 day vs. 3 months, P < 0.01), and decreased significantly more than 12 months with moderate-to-severe patients (0 day vs. 3 months, 3 months vs. 6 months, 6 months vs. 12 months, P < 0.01). The therapeutic effect of OSA of the mild group was significantly better compared with that of the moderate-severe group at 6 months (mean rank = 28.13 vs. 14.21, P < 0.001) and 12 m (mean rank = 26.75 vs. 15.52, P = 0.001). The APh results revealed that the pharyngeal volume of the two groups increased significantly between 0 day and 6 months after surgery (P < 0.01). The oropharyngeal junction (OPJ) area and the glottal area were increased significantly between 0 day and 6 m after surgery (P < 0.01).

Conclusion
BS can relieve apnea and OSA symptoms among obese patients with OSA, especially in the early postoperative period. Moreover, OSA severity was closely associated with OPJ and glottal areas, rather than pharyngeal cavity volume.
Central retina plays a decisive role in the suppression of pupillary escape
Authors: Kelbsch Carina , Jendritza Ricarda , Strasser Torsten , Tonagel Felix , Richter Paul , Jung Ronja , Peters Tobias , Wilhelm Helmut , Wilhelm Barbara , Stingl Krunoslav 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To explore the pupil redilation during persistent light exposure (pupillary escape phenomenon) at the macula and periphery with monochromatic light stimuli.

Methods
Forty healthy subjects aged 18–64 years (24 females) were examined by chromatic pupil campimetry (CPC) using red and blue 4-s stimuli of 10° radius at the center and 20°-peripheral locations one per quadrant. One glaucoma patient and one achromatopsia patient served as disease models. For statistical analyses, linear mixed-effects models were performed followed by post hoc t-tests.

Results
A distinct pupillary escape could be demonstrated peripherally (blue 0.099%*s, red 0.153%*s); at the central healthy retina, there was no relevant escape, neither for blue nor red stimulation. Comparing central versus peripheral stimulation revealed highly significant differences in the escape (difference blue 0.100 ± 0.013, red 0.144 ± 0.013, < 0.0001, respectively). In the periphery, the escape was significantly more pronounced for red compared with blue stimulation (difference 0.054 ± 0.013; p = 0.0001). Enhanced pupillary escape outside of the 95% confidence interval of the linear mixed-effects model of the healthy population could be exemplarily shown in a patient with glaucomatous ganglion cell damage. In the achromatopsia example, no relevant escape was found for blue stimulation, but for red stimulation in the periphery in a comparable range to healthy controls.

Conclusion
The results emphasize that an intact inner retinal network of nerve fibers arising from the central macular region is necessary for maintaining pupillary constriction during a bright 4-s light stimulus and preventing increase of pupillary escape. Increasing receptive field sizes towards the periphery on the level of retinal ganglion cells and less input from central 1:1 connections could be one of the driving mechanisms for pupillary escape.
In vivo evaluation of a hyperspectral imaging system for minimally invasive surgery (HSI-MIS)
Authors: Thomaßen Madeleine T. , Köhler Hannes , Pfahl Annekatrin , Stelzner Sigmar , Mehdorn Matthias , Thieme René , Jansen-Winkeln Boris , Gockel Ines , Chalopin Claire , Moulla Yusef 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) is a reliable and safe imaging method for taking intraoperative perfusion measurements. This is the first study translating intraoperative HSI to an in vivo laparoscopic setting using a CE-certified HSI-system for minimally invasive surgery (HSI-MIS). We aim to compare it to an established HSI-system for open surgery (HSI-Open).

Methods
Intraoperative HSI was done using the HSI-MIS and HSI-Open at the Region of Interest (ROI). 19 patients undergoing gastrointestinal resections were analyzed in this study. The HSI-MIS-acquired images were aligned with those from the HSI-Open, and spectra and parameter images were compared pixel-wise. We calculated the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) for Tissue Oxygen Saturation (StO2), Near-Infrared Perfusion Index (NIR-PI), Tissue Water Index (TWI), and Organ Hemoglobin Index (OHI), as well as the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) over the whole spectrum. Our analysis of parameters was optimized using partial least squares (PLS) regression. Two experienced surgeons carried out an additional color-change analysis, comparing the ROI images and deciding whether they provided the same (acceptable) or different visual information (rejected).

Results
HSI and subsequent image registration was possible in 19 patients. MAE results for the original calculation were StO2 orig. 17.2% (± 7.7%), NIR-PIorig. 16.0 (± 9.5), TWIorig. 18.1 (± 7.9), OHIorig. 14.4 (± 4.5). For the PLS calculation, they were StO2 PLS 12.6% (± 5.2%), NIR-PIPLS 10.3 (± 6.0), TWIPLS 10.6 (± 5.1), and OHIPLS 11.6 (± 3.0). The RMSE between both systems was 0.14 (± 0.06). In the color-change analysis; both surgeons accepted more images generated using the PLS method.

Conclusion
Intraoperative HSI-MIS is a new technology and holds great potential for future applications in surgery. Parameter deviations are attributable to technical differences and can be reduced by applying improved calculation methods. This study is an important step toward the clinical implementation of HSI for minimally invasive surgery.
Spatiotemporal variability of soil moisture over Ethiopia and its teleconnections with remote and local drivers
Authors: Jimma Tamirat B. , Demissie Teferi , Diro Gulilat T. , Ture Kassahun , Terefe Tadesse , Solomon Dawit 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSoil moisture is one of the essential climate variables with a potential impact on local climate variability. Despite the importance of soil moisture, studies on soil moisture characteristics in Ethiopia are less documented. In this study, the spatiotemporal variability of Ethiopian soil moisture (SM) has been characterized, and its local and remote influential driving factors are investigated. An empirical orthogonal function (EOF) and KMeans clustering algorithm have been employed to classify the large domain into homogeneous zones. Complex maximum covariance analysis (CMCA) is applied to evaluate the covariability between SM and selected local and remote variables such as rainfall (RF), evapotranspiration (ET), and sea surface temperature (SST). Inter-comparison among SM datasets highlight that the FLDAS dataset better depicts the country’s SM spatial and temporal distribution (i.e., a correlation coefficient $$r=0.95$$

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with observations). Results also indicate that regions located in northeastern Ethiopia are drier irrespective of the season (JJAS, MAM, and OND) considered. In contrast, the western part of the country consistently depicted a wetter condition in all seasons. During summer (JJAS), the soil moisture variability is characterized by a strong east–west spatial contrast. The highest and lowest soil moisture values were observed across the country’s central western and eastern parts, respectively. Furthermore, analyses indicate that interannual variability of SM is dictated substantially by RF, though the impact on some regions is weaker. It is also found that ET likely drives the SM in the eastern part of Ethiopia due to a higher atmospheric moisture demand that ultimately invokes changes in surface humidity and rainfall. A composite analysis based on the extreme five wettest and driest SM years revealed a similar spatial distribution of wet SM with positive anomalies of RF across the country and ET over the southern regions. Remote SSTs are also found to have a significant influence on SM distribution. In particular, equatorial central Pacific and western Indian oceans SST anomalies are predominant factors for spatiotemporal SM variations over the country. Major global oceanic indices: Oceanic Nino Index (ONI), Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), Pacific warm pool (PACWARMPOOL), and Pacific Decadal Oscillations (PDO) are found to be closely associated with the SM anomalies in various parts of the country. The associationship between these remote SST anomalies and local soil moisture is via large-scale atmospheric circulations that are linked to regional factors such as precipitation and temperature anomalies.
Identification and genetic inheritance of a new source of broad-spectrum extreme resistance to turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) in Brassica rapa
Authors: Walsh Hanna M. , Rönkä Antti , Walsh John A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBrassica rapa line K185 was identified with broad-spectrum extreme resistance to turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). The resistance was effective against TuMV isolates UK 1, CZE 1, GBR 6, POL 1 and CDN 1 (representing major pathotypes 1, 3 and 4 and major resistance-breaking isolates) following mechanical inoculation. F1 plants from a cross between K185 and the rapid-cycling B. rapa ssp. trilocularis line R-o-18 (uniformly susceptible to all the above TuMV isolates), were resistant following challenge with TuMV isolates CDN 1 and GBR 6, indicating the involvement of dominant gene(s). F2 plants derived from a single F1, CDN 1- and GBR 6-resistant plant segregated for resistance to TuMV isolate GBR 6. The segregation ratio of resistant to susceptible plants was consistent with at least two loci controlling resistance and with both loci having dominant alleles for resistance. Other sources of broad-spectrum resistance to TuMV have been shown to involve the recessive allele retr01. The broad-spectrum resistance in K185 clearly involves different alleles to retr01 and provides the opportunity to introgress an alternative form of TuMV resistance into commercial B. rapa lines and thereby reduce the selection pressure for retr01 resistance breaking.
Axisymmetric plumes due to fluid injection through a small source in a wet porous medium
Authors: Browne Catherine A. , Forbes Lawrence K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA small spherical source discharges a fluid into a porous medium that is already fully saturated with another fluid. The injected fluid has higher density than the ambient fluid, and so it forms a plume that moves downward under the effects of gravity. We present a simple asymptotic analysis assuming the two fluids do not mix that gives the width of the plume far from the source as a function of the injected volume flux. A spectral method is then developed for solving the full nonlinear problem in Boussinesq theory. Accurate numerical solutions are presented, which show in detail the evolution of the plume of heavier injected fluid over time. Close agreement with the asymptotic plume shape far from the source is demonstrated at later times.
The Place of Voting in the Ethics of Counterspeech
Authors: Fumagalli Corrado 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe literature on counterspeech has been debating how institutions and citizens should respond to offensive or dangerous communicative acts. This article identifies a gap in this debate, namely, the lack of attention paid to the individual vote in large-scale democratic elections as an effective act of distancing from candidates who use explicitly derogatory forms of expression to unify and mobilize supporters. In studying the place of voting in the ethics of counterspeech, this article investigates what counterspeakers can expect other counterspeakers to do in large-scale democratic elections framed as a vote for or against hateful representatives. I argue that even in large-scale elections, the individual act of voting, understood as a contribution to increasing the clarity of the indicators of force of a collectivized speech act, can be an effective form of counterspeech. Voting is one of the first forms of counterspeech that must be taken so that other, and perhaps more controversial, actions can stand criticism on moral grounds. For this reason, I also argue that counterspeakers can expect other counterspeakers to contribute to an electoral outcome that, under certain circumstances, can be received as a vote against representatives who use explicit derogatory forms of expression to gain consensus.
Assessment of Health Behaviours and Satisfaction with Life among Catholic Priests in Poland
Authors: Kalita Krzysztof , Leszczak Justyna , Czenczek-Lewandowska Ewelina , Mazur Artur 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe aim of the study was to assess the relationship between the health behaviours of diocesan priests in Poland and their level of life satisfaction. The specific goal was to determine the factors that most affect their quality of health (internal health control, the influence of others or coincidence) and life satisfaction (positive mental attitude, preventive behaviour, eating habits, health practices). The study involved 250 diocesan priests from the Podkarpackie region who took part in the research by completing an anonymous questionnaire. The questions were mainly based on tools for assessing health behaviours, namely the HBI—health behaviour inventory, MHLC—multidimensional scale of health locus of control and the SWLS—satisfaction with life scale. The general index of health behaviour of clergymen on the HBI scale was 77.12 ± 16.20 (Me = 78), showing a moderate level on the sten scale. On the MHLC health locus of control scale, the respondents believed that their health depended most on internal control: 25.27 ± 5.10 and the influence of others: 23.13 ± 5.57, are of utmost importance for their health. To a lesser extent they believed that health was dependent on chance: 17.60 ± 5.95. The SWLS satisfaction with life index was 22.51 ± 5.43 (Me = 23), also within the moderate range of the sten scale. The factors most closely related to the assessment of life satisfaction were positive mental attitudes and the overall HBI index. The health behaviours of priests measured by the HBI scale and the level of satisfaction with the life of SWLS clergymen are within a moderate range. On the MHLC scale, priests likewise believe that their health depends on themselves and then on others. They are clearly less likely to indicate accidental causes.
Teaching the Modeling of Human–Environment Systems: Acknowledging Complexity with an Agent-Based Model
Authors: Haensel Maria , Schmitt Thomas M. , Bogenreuther Jakob 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAgent-based modeling is a promising tool for familiarizing students with complex systems as well as programming skills. Human–environment systems, for instance, entail complex interdependencies that need to be considered when modeling these systems. This complexity is often neglected in teaching modeling approaches. For a heterogeneous group of master’s students at a German university, we pre-built an agent-based model. In class, this was used to teach modeling impacts of land use policies and markets on ecosystem services. As part of the course, the students had to perform small research projects with the model in groups of two. This study aims to evaluate how well students could deal with the complexity involved in the model based on their group work outcomes. Chosen indicators were, e.g., the appropriateness of their research goals, the suitability of the methods applied, and how well they acknowledged the limitations. Our study results revealed that teaching complex systems does not need to be done with too simplistic models. Most students, even with little background in modeling and programming, were able to deal with the complex model setup, conduct small research projects, and have a thoughtful discussion on the limitations involved. With adequate theoretical input during lectures, we recommend using models that do not hide the complexity of the systems but foster a realistic simplification of the interactions.
Evaluating the accuracy and usefulness of commercially-available proximal soil mapping services for grassland nutrient management planning and soil health monitoring
Authors: Rhymes Jennifer , Chadwick Dave R. , Williams A. Prysor , Harris Ian M. , Lark R. Murray , Jones David L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGrasslands play an important role in global food security. However, there are increasing pressures to improve the sustainability of ruminant farming. Precision nutrient management tools (e.g., proximal soil sensors for soil mapping) offer opportunities to improve nutrient use efficiency through spatially-variable nutrient application rate maps. Despite little research validating these technologies on grasslands, commercial companies promote these technologies to grassland farmers. In this study, the accuracy of commercial companies offering these services was evaluated by comparing soil pH, P, K, Mg and SOM measurements derived from conventional soil sampling and laboratory analyses to measurements derived from the commercial operators, across a range of soils that are typical found in UK grasslands. Results showed that soil mapping services utilising gamma-ray spectroscopy (GRS) were not sufficiently accurate to predict soil pH, P, K and Mg on grasslands, and subsequently inappropriate for nutrient management planning for variable rate lime and nutrient application. Conversely, both GRS and visible-near infrared spectroscopy (Vis–NIR) accurately predicted between-field SOM variations in grassland soils but not within-field variation. This study emphasises the need for further research to explore the limitations of, and opportunities for, the universal application of these technologies across different soil types and/or land uses before their commercial application. It is therefore highly recommended that commercially-available soil mapping services are subject to certification, similar to centralised soil testing laboratories, to ensure data are accurate for soil management interpretation. The lack of reliability of such systems risks farmers’ confidence in the value of soil mapping, which could severely hinder future adoption of potentially valuable technologies.
Rationalizable behavior in the Hotelling–Downs model of spatial competition
Authors: van Sloun Joep 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe consider two scenarios of the Hotelling–Downs model of spatial competition. This setting has typically been explored using pure Nash equilibrium, but this paper uses point rationalizability (Bernheim, Econometrica J Economet Soc 52(4):1007–1028, 1984) instead. Pure Nash equilibrium imposes a correct beliefs assumption, which may rule out perfectly reasonable choices in a game. Point rationalizability does not have this correct beliefs assumption, which makes this solution concept more natural and permissive. The first scenario is the original Hotelling–Downs model with an arbitrary number of agents. Eaton and Lipsey (Rev Econ Stud 42(1):27–49, 1975) used pure Nash equilibrium as their solution concept for this setting. They showed that with three agents, there does not exist a pure Nash equilibrium. We characterize the set of point rationalizable choices for any number of agents and show that as the number of agents increases, the set of point rationalizable choices increases as well. In the second scenario, agents have limited attraction intervals (Feldman et al. Variations on the Hotelling–Downs model. In: Thirtieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp 496–501, 2016). We show that the set of point rationalizable choices does not depend on the number of agents, apart from this number being odd or even. Furthermore, the set of point rationalizable choices shrinks as the attraction interval increases.