bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One-year rehospitalisation and mortality after acute heart failure hospitalisation: a competing risk analysis
Authors: Marques Irene , Mendonça Denisa , Teixeira Laetitia 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveTo identify factors that independently predict the risk of rehospitalisation and death after acute heart failure (AHF) hospital discharge in a real-world setting, considering death without rehospitalisation as a competing event.MethodsSingle-centre, retrospective, observational study enrolling 394 patients discharged from an index AHF hospitalisation. Overall survival was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression models. For the risk of rehospitalisation, survival analysis considering competing risks was performed: rehospitalisation was the event of interest, and death without rehospitalisation was the competing event.ResultsDuring the first year after discharge, 131 (33.3%) patients were rehospitalised for AHF and 67 (17.0%) died without being readmitted; the remaining 196 patients (49.7%) lived without further hospitalisations. The 1-year overall survival estimate was 0.71 (SE=0.02). After adjusting for gender, age and left ventricle ejection fraction, the results showed that the risk of death was higher in patients with dementia, higher levels of plasma creatinine (PCr), lower levels of platelet distribution width (PDW) and at Q4 of red cell distribution width (RDW). Multivariable models showed that the risk of rehospitalisation was increased in patients with atrial fibrillation, higher PCr or taking beta-blockers at discharge. Furthermore, the risk of death without AHF rehospitalisation was higher in males, those aged ≥80 years, patients with dementia or RDW at Q4 on admission (compared with Q1). Taking beta-blockers at discharge and having a higher PDW on admission reduced the risk of death without rehospitalisation.ConclusionWhen assessing rehospitalisation as a study endpoint, death without rehospitalisation should be considered a competing event in the analyses. Data from this study reveal that patients with atrial fibrillation, renal dysfunction or taking beta-blockers are more likely to be rehospitalised for AHF, while older men with dementia or high RDW are more prone to die without hospital readmission.
A critique on some aspects of GUP effective metric
Authors: Ong Yen Chin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) is a gravitational correction of Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, which allows us to probe some features of quantum gravity even without the full theory. We are used to working with metric tensors in general relativity; they are convenient to have available when we wish to calculate physical quantities like Hawking temperature and black hole shadow. Various authors have tried to incorporate GUP into an effective metric that allows such calculations. In this note, I point out that some of these results are not correct due to working with series truncation rather than the full GUP-corrected expressions. Perhaps more importantly, we rely too much on heuristic arguments and lack a guiding principle in constructing the correct effective metric.
DAB2IP Is a Bifunctional Tumor Suppressor That Regulates Wild-Type RAS and Inflammatory Cascades in KRAS Mutant Colon Cancer
Authors: Miller Abigail L. , Perurena Naiara , Gardner Alycia , Hinoue Toshinori , Loi Patrick , Laird Peter W. , Cichowski Karen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

The DAB2IP tumor suppressor encodes a RAS GTPase-activating protein. Accordingly, DAB2IP has been shown to be mutated or suppressed in tumor types that typically lack RAS mutations. However, here we report that DAB2IP is mutated or selectively silenced in the vast majority of KRAS and BRAF mutant colorectal cancers. In this setting, DAB2IP loss promoted tumor development by activating wild-type H- and N-RAS proteins, which was surprisingly required to achieve robust activation of RAS effector pathways in KRAS-mutant tumors. DAB2IP loss also triggered production of inflammatory mediators and the recruitment of protumorigenic macrophages in vivo. Importantly, tumor growth was suppressed by depleting macrophages or inhibiting cytokine/inflammatory mediator expression with a JAK/TBK1 inhibitor. In human tumors, DAB2IP was lost at early stages of tumor development, and its depletion was associated with an enrichment of macrophage and inflammatory signatures. Together, these findings demonstrate that DAB2IP restrains the activation of the RAS pathway and inflammatory cascades in the colon and that its loss represents a common and unappreciated mechanism for amplifying these two critical oncogenic signals in colorectal cancer.

Significance:
DAB2IP is lost in early-stage tumors, which amplifies RAS signaling, triggers inflammatory mediators, and recruits macrophages in KRAS-mutant colon cancers.
Cancer-Associated Fibroblast–Derived miR-146a-5p Generates a Niche That Promotes Bladder Cancer Stemness and Chemoresistance
Authors: Zhuang Junlong , Shen Lan , Li Meiqian , Sun Jingya , Hao Jiange , Li Jiaxuan , Zhu Zhen , Ge Shuning , Zhang Dianzheng , Guo Hongqian , Huang Ruimin , Yan Jun 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Cancer stem-like cells (CSC) play pivotal roles in both chemoresistance and recurrence of many cancer types, including urothelial bladder cancer (UBC). In addition to intrinsic signaling pathways, extracellular cues from the tumor microenvironment (TME) are indispensable for the maintenance of CSCs. To better understand the mechanisms involved in TME-mediated generation and support of UBC CSCs, we focused on the role of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) in this study. Overexpression of miR-146a-5p in CAFs promoted CAF-to-UBC cell interactions, cancer stemness, and chemoresistance to treatment with gemcitabine and cisplatin. Mechanistically, miR-146–5p upregulated SVEP1 in CAFs by enhancing the recruitment of transcriptional factor YY1. Meanwhile, by targeting the 3′UTR of mRNAs of ARID1A and PRKAA2 (also known as AMPKα2) in UBC cells, CAF-secreted miR-146a-5p promoted cancer stemness and chemoresistance. Downregulation of ARID1A resulted in the inhibition of SOCS1 and subsequent STAT3 activation, and downregulated PRKAA2 led to the activation of mTOR signaling. Elevated levels of exosomal miR-146a-5p in the serum of patients with UBC were correlated with both tumor stage and relapse risk. These findings altogether indicate that CAF-derived miR-146a-5p can promote stemness and enhance chemoresistance in UBC. Exosomal miR-146a-5p may be a biomarker of UBC recurrence and a potential therapeutic target.

Significance:
The tumor–stromal cross-talk mediated by cancer-associated fibroblast–derived miR-146a-5p fosters cancer stem cell niche formation and cancer stemness to drive chemoresistance in urothelial bladder cancer.
Measurement of Ovarian Tumor Immune Profiles by Multiplex Immunohistochemistry: Implications for Epidemiologic Studies
Authors: Hathaway Cassandra A. , Conejo-Garcia Jose R. , Fridley Brooke L. , Rosner Bernard , Saeed-Vafa Daryoush , Moran Segura Carlos , Nguyen Jonathan V. , Hecht Jonathan L. , Sasamoto Naoko , Terry Kathryn L. , Tworoger Shelley S. , Townsend Mary K. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background:
Despite the immunogenic nature of many ovarian tumors, treatment with immune checkpoint therapies has not led to substantial improvements in ovarian cancer survival. To advance population-level research on the ovarian tumor immune microenvironment, it is critical to understand methodologic issues related to measurement of immune cells on tissue microarrays (TMA) using multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) assays.

Methods:
In two prospective cohorts, we collected formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded ovarian tumors from 486 cases and created seven TMAs. We measured T cells, including several sub-populations, and immune checkpoint markers on the TMAs using two mIF panels. We used Spearman correlations, Fisher exact tests, and multivariable-adjusted beta-binomial models to evaluate factors related to immune cell measurements in TMA tumor cores.

Results:
Between-core correlations of intratumoral immune markers ranged from 0.52 to 0.72, with more common markers (e.g., CD3+, CD3+CD8+) having higher correlations. Correlations of immune cell markers between the whole core, tumor area, and stromal area were high (range 0.69–0.97). In multivariable-adjusted models, odds of T-cell positivity were lower in clear cell and mucinous versus type II tumors (ORs, 0.13–0.48) and, for several sub-populations, were lower in older tissue (sample age &gt; 30 versus ≤ 10 years; OR, 0.11–0.32).

Conclusions:
Overall, high correlations between cores for immune markers measured via mIF support the use of TMAs in studying ovarian tumor immune infiltration, although very old samples may have reduced antigenicity.

Impact:
Future epidemiologic studies should evaluate differences in the tumor immune response by histotype and identify modifiable factors that may alter the tumor immune microenvironment.
Expression and Therapeutic Targeting of TROP-2 in Treatment-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Sperger Jamie M. , Helzer Kyle T. , Stahlfeld Charlotte N. , Jiang Dawei , Singh Anupama , Kaufmann Katherine R. , Niles David J. , Heninger Erika , Rydzewski Nicholas R. , Wang Liguo , Wang Liewei , Yang Rendong , Ren Yanan , Engle Jonathan W. , Huang Peng , Kyriakopoulos Christos E. , Slovin Susan F. , Soule Howard R. , Zhao Shuang G. , Kohli Manish , Tagawa Scott T. , Cai Weibo , Dehm Scott M. , Lang Joshua M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
Men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) frequently develop resistance to androgen receptor signaling inhibitor (ARSI) treatment; therefore, new therapies are needed. Trophoblastic cell-surface antigen (TROP-2) is a transmembrane protein identified in prostate cancer and overexpressed in multiple malignancies. TROP-2 is a therapeutic target for antibody–drug conjugates (ADC).

Experimental Design:
TROP-2 gene (TACSTD2) expression and markers of treatment resistance from prostate biopsies were analyzed using data from four previously curated cohorts of mCRPC (n = 634) and the PROMOTE study (dbGaP accession phs001141.v1.p1, n = 88). EPCAM or TROP-2–positive circulating tumor cells (CTC) were captured from peripheral blood for comparison of protein (n = 15) and gene expression signatures of treatment resistance (n = 40). We assessed the efficacy of TROP-2–targeting agents in a mouse xenograft model generated from prostate cancer cell lines.

Results:
We demonstrated that TACSTD2 is expressed in mCRPC from luminal and basal tumors but at lower levels in patients with neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Patients previously treated with ARSI showed no significant difference in TACSTD2 expression, whereas patients with detectable AR-V7 expression showed increased expression. We observed that TROP-2 can serve as a cell surface target for isolating CTCs, which may serve as a predictive biomarker for ADCs. We also demonstrated that prostate cancer cell line xenografts can be targeted specifically by labeled anti–TROP-2 agents in vivo.

Conclusions:
These results support further studies on TROP-2 as a therapeutic and diagnostic target for mCRPC.
Transferring Patients From a Primary Stroke Center to Higher Levels of Care: A Qualitative Study of Stroke Coordinators’ Experiences
Authors: Patterson Jennifer L. , Dusenbury Wendy , Stanfill Ansley , Brewer Barbara B. , Alexandrov Andrei V. , Alexandrov Anne W. 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundTransfer times from primary stroke centers and acute stroke–ready hospitals to higher levels of care are often excessive, prompting some to suggest ambulance bypass regulations. Since barriers to rapid transfer have never been fully explored, we sought to understand stroke coordinators’ experiences with transfer of patients with hyperacute stroke from lower to higher levels of stroke centers.MethodsWe conducted a national focus group study with primary stroke center stroke coordinators who had recent experience overseeing transfer of a patient with hyperacute stroke to a higher‐level stroke center. Interviews were conducted using prescripted open‐ended questions; information was recorded and data were transcribed for theme identification.ResultsA total of 23 stroke coordinators participated representing the Northeast, Mid‐Atlantic, Southeast, Midwest, and Western United States. Findings were grouped into 3 main categories: Internal Primary Stroke Center Factors, Transport Factors, and External Comprehensive Stroke Center Factors. Within the primary stroke center group, themes slowing transfer were exclusively physician based, whereas themes emerging from the transport category were associated with poor transport company processes. Within the comprehensive stroke center category, themes were all associated with complex hospital processes and communication.ConclusionImportant contributors to efficient transfer of patients with hyperacute stroke are beyond the control of stroke coordinators, requiring cross‐system collaboration and improved administrative management to resolve. Quantification of these factors is warranted to support transfer system redesign for rapid access to care for patients with stroke.
Active Iterative Social Inference in Multi-Trial Signaling Games
Authors: Achimova Asya , Scontras Gregory , Eisemann Ella , Butz Martin V. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Human behavioral choices can reveal intrinsic and extrinsic decision-influencing factors. We investigate the inference of choice priors in situations of referential ambiguity. In particular, we use the scenario of signaling games and investigate to which extent study participants profit from actively engaging in the task. Previous work has revealed that speakers are able to infer listeners’ choice priors upon observing ambiguity resolution. However, it was also shown that only a small group of participants was able to strategically construct ambiguous situations to create learning opportunities. This paper sets to address how prior inference unfolds in more complex learning scenarios. In Experiment 1, we examine whether participants accumulate evidence about inferred choice priors across a series of four consecutive trials. Despite the intuitive simplicity of the task, information integration turns out to be only partially successful. Integration errors result from a variety of sources, including transitivity failure and recency bias. In Experiment 2, we investigate how the ability to actively construct learning scenarios affects the success of prior inference and whether the iterative settings improve the ability to choose utterances strategically. The results suggest that full task engagement and explicit access to the reasoning pipeline facilitates the invocation of optimal utterance choices as well as the accurate inference of listeners’ choice priors.
Taqyīd al-Mubāḥ and Tobacco: Between Administrative and Legislative Authority
Authors: Shareef Umar 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This article identifies the seventeenth-century Ottoman legal debate over the permissibility of tobacco as an early instance in which jurists such as Najm al-Dīn al-Ghazzī and Ibrāhīm al-Laqānī, and ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn al-Haṣkafī refer to the ‘ruler’s right to restrict the permissible’ (taqyīd al-mubāḥ) to justify sultan Murād iv’s restriction of smoking. In response, jurists such as ʿAbd al-Ghanī al-Nābulsī and ʿAlī b. Muḥammad al-Ajhūrī contested the application of taqyīd al-mubāḥ to tobacco on the grounds that it did not satisfy the required condition of securing public well-being (maṣlaḥa). My findings show that the jurists agreed on the administrative privilege of the ruler to restrict the permissible but disagreed over whether the ban against tobacco was based on maṣlaḥa or if an accidental property could temporarily prohibit the performance of a permissible act. This paper sheds light on the diversity of juristic positions with regard to the valid exercise of political power, the scope of the ruler’s legal jurisdiction, and the relationship between political and religious authorities.
Interannual variations in diet and nutritional value of plants consumed by the Souss Valley tortoises, Testudo graeca graeca, in west-central Morocco: are they really selective foragers?
Authors: Hichami Nawal , Znari Mohammed 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A previous study on the feeding habits of Moorish tortoises in west-central Morocco suggests that these animals are selective herbivores, but the nutritional consequences have not been examined. Because of the potassium excretion load, which requires water and/or nitrogen loss, we predicted that tortoises do not have salt glands. Moorish tortoises prefer plants rich in water and protein but low in potassium (PEP index). To this end, we studied the spring diet of adult tortoises in an arid steppe in west-central Morocco during two seasons of relatively dry years (2011-2012) using feces analyses. We also estimated the relative abundance of potential food plants by stratified sampling under the canopy of jujube bushes Ziziphus lotus. We statistically compared diet to plant abundance. Finally, we assessed plant species’ nutritional composition (water, crude protein, and potassium) available to tortoises. Results showed that species assemblages differed significantly between the two plant communities in both years. Nevertheless, tortoises consumed only about 5-6 and nearly the same species at the study site in 2011 and 2012, respectively. The plants consumed by the tortoises had the highest positive PEP index values indicating that there was more water and nitrogen in the food than is needed to excrete potassium.
Social Exclusion as Spiritual Inclusion
Authors: Huotari Rosa 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Through ethnographic fieldwork conducted in 2020–2021, this paper investigates how people experiencing poverty and social exclusion process their collective in-group/ out-group identity as the urban ‘others’ in faith-based food assistance in Finland. By building on the concept of collective identity and employing narrative construction, the analysis shows that not only does perceived social exclusion function as a stigmatizing self-category and symbolic boundary maker but also as a resource for resistance, especially in the theological accounts of the informants. When looking through the lenses of urban theology, the informants do not just tell a story about themselves, but they do theology as well. All in all, the others may be excluded from society and yet included in Spirit.
The Power of the Employer to Terminate Employment Contracts: A Comparative Study between the UAE and Egypt
Authors: Eldakak Ahmed 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Labour law grants an employer the power to terminate an employment contract without the worker’s consent when he is guilty of serious misconduct. This power can also be exercised when the employer has legitimate cause even if the worker has not committed any misconduct. This article compares how legislators in the UAE and Egypt regulate this power. The Emirati legislator has recently passed Law No. 33 of 2021, which updated the dismissal causes list and enabled the employer to terminate definite term contracts for a legitimate cause. The Egyptian legislator is currently debating the employer’s power to terminate employment contracts in a discussion of the bill on employment law, which will soon replace the current Labour Law No. 12 of 2003. The article concludes that the various legal rules in the UAE and Egypt can be transplanted to balance the rights of employers and workers.
Recent Developments to the Jordanian Execution Law
Authors: Ababneh Hisham 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This article examines the recent amendments made to the Jordanian Execution Law in respect of imprisonment for failure to pay debts of civil and commercial nature. While the amendments made on the Law are long-awaited and are an improvement to the administration of justice in the Country; it remains that these amendments came below expectations. First, the recent amendments to the Law are short from the international obligations of the Country under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) which Jordan is a signatory of. Second, the recent amendments still use the “one size fits all” approach whereby it does not provide a distinction between a procrastinating debtor and a debtor that is indeed not able to pay; to determine imprisonment in civil and commercial debts. Hence, while the recent amendments had made some positive changes to the imprisonment for debtors in civil and commercial debts; this article finds that Jordan must adhere to its international obligations by providing alternatives to imprisonment for civil and commercial debts; or at least provide a distinction between a procrastinating debtor and a not able to pay debtor to determine whether imprisonment of the debtor is due.
More-than-Human Space Diplomacy: Assembling Internationalism in Orbit
Authors: Stewart William , Dittmer Jason 
Published: March 2023

Summary
This article explores the role of materiality in space diplomacy through the example of orbital docking technology by tracing its evolution from the early days of the space age to the International Space Station — and beyond. Drawing on the use of assemblage theory in political geography, this article argues for a ‘more-than-human’ approach to space diplomacy to supplement and provide an alternative to conventional approaches to diplomacy studies. By conceptualising the International Space Station as a diplomatic assemblage with which the multinational partners become enmeshed, we investigate how materials, specifically androgynous orbital docking technology, fostered co-operation and peace in the wake of the Cold War and which continues today.
How Awe-Inspiring It Is: A Galician Maskil Responds to the Revolutions of 1848–1849
Authors: Wolpe Rebecca 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
While the practical results of the revolutions that engulfed Europe in 1848–1849 were largely ephemeral, they elicited great excitement and anticipation. In particular, some enlightened Jews saw the revolutions and ensuing political developments as a great opportunity, hoping that they would lead to emancipation, equality, and brotherhood with their non-Jewish neighbors. Spurred on by the events, Abraham Mendel Mohr, a Galician maskil and author, established a Yiddish newspaper, Tsaytung (the first Yiddish weekly), through which he disseminated news and information about the revolutions. He not only sought to inform, however, but also to motivate his readers to seize this unique opportunity, and to change and adapt themselves accordingly (expounding a typically maskilic program). An examination of Mohr’s Tsaytung, which was published between May 1848 and September 1849, provides a rare glimpse into how a Galician maskil responded to the tumultuous events of the Spring of Nations.