bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Respiration rate and dry matter loss of soybeans (Glycine max L.) obtained by a dynamic system
Authors: Zeymer Juliana Soares , Corrêa Paulo Cesar , Oliveira Gabriel Henrique Horta de , Gates Richard Stephen , Araujo Marcos Eduardo Viana de , Gatsakos Ana Beatriz 
Published: January 2023

SummaryThe objective of this study was to quantify the carbon dioxide (CO2) produced by soybeans stored at 25 °C, with moisture contents (MC) of 12%, 14%, 18% and 22% (wet basis – w.b.), in a dynamic respiration measurement system, as well as to evaluate the accumulated dry matter loss (DML) throughout the stoichiometric relation between glucose and CO2, the safe storage time of stored soybeans and quantify the aflatoxins of the soybeans during storage. Also, the presence of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 within soybeans were evaluated. Soybeans with high MC contributed to a significant increase in respiration rate (RR) and, consequently, greater DML during the storage. Compared to the MC of 12% (w.b.), the soybean RR increased 1.3, 2.8 and 19 times for soybeans at 14%, 18% and 22% (w.b.) respectively. Maximum storage time of soybean increased with the decrease of MC. Soybeans stored with 22% (w.b.) obtained high contamination by aflatoxin B1 and B2.
Quantifying the childhood and adolescent overnutrition attributable to specific risk factors: The Young Lives Study in Peru
Authors: Bernabe‐Ortiz Antonio , Mendoza‐Quispe Daniel , Jimenez M. Michelle , Ugaz María Elena , Rojas‐Dávila Carlos E. 
Published: January 2023

SummaryObjectiveLaunching priority actions demand a comprehensive appraisal of the size effect that risk factors have on the burden of overweight and obesity. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents, with special emphasis on the role of specific risk factors.Materials and MethodsSecondary analysis of data from the younger cohort of the Young Lives Study in Peru (2002–2017). The outcomes were: overweight and obesity, defined by the World Health Organization standards; whereas the exposures included caesarean birth, physical activity levels, sodas and sugar‐sweetened beverages consumption, snacks consumption, and maternal body mass index (BMI). We used multilevel Poisson regression models, considering the repetitive nature of data, to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and population attributable fractions (PAFs).ResultsA total of 2052 children, mean age 1 (SD 0.4) year, and 50% girls, were enrolled at baseline. After 14 (SD 0.5) years of follow‐up, the incidence of overweight and obesity were 7.9 (95% CI 7.6–8.2) and 2.2 (95% CI 2.0–2.4) per 100 person‐year, respectively. Maternal BMI (IRRs 3.51; PAF 31.8%), low physical activity (IRR 1.64; PAF 27.4%), caesarean birth (IRR 1.63; PAF 11.4%), almost daily snack consumption (IRR 1.60; PAF 32.1%), and almost daily consumption of sweetened beverages (IRR 1.47; PAF 26.0%) increased the risk of developing obesity.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence on the risk of overweight and obesity attributable to diet habits, physical activity and the obesogenic niche among children and adolescents in Peru, which may guide the implementation of evidence‐based interventions.
Screening chloride Li‐ion conductors using high‐throughput force‐field molecular dynamics
Authors: Aizu Shin , Takimoto Shuta , Tanibata Naoto , Takeda Hayami , Nakayama Masanobu , Kobayashi Ryo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe realization of high‐energy‐density all‐solid‐state Li‐ion batteries requires materials exhibiting both high Li‐ion conductivity and high deformability, as exemplified by Li3MCl6‐type chlorides. Herein, we optimized the classical force‐field (FF) parameters for 36 Li‐ and Cl‐containing compounds to reproduce the results of high‐precision first‐principles calculations and performed rapid FF molecular dynamics (MD) calculations to determine their Li‐ion conductivities. In addition, shear moduli were evaluated by first‐principles calculations and used as a deformability index. Li4Mn3Cl10 was selected based on its Li‐ion conductivity, stiffness, and thermodynamic stability. In accordance with the low calculated shear modulus (11.7 GPa), the cold‐pressed compact had a high relative density of 98%, which indicated good deformability. The room‐temperature conductivity (3.9 mS cm−1) was similar to that (1.6 mS cm−1) obtained by high‐precision first‐principles MD calculations. The Li‐ion conductivity of synthesized Li4Mn3Cl10 (18 µS cm−1) was relatively rather high compared to those of known chloride materials but much lower than the calculated value, which was ascribed to the fact that calculations were performed for the high‐temperature phase, whereas synthesis yielded the low‐temperature phase. The material screening method greatly increases the speed of material exploration and expands the application possibilities of chloride materials for all‐solid‐state batteries.
Benchmarking in a beef cattle breeding program: Lessons from the best breeders
Authors: Toral Fabio Luiz Buranelo , Menezes Gilberto Romeiro de Oliveira , da Silva Luiz Otavio Campos , Martin Nieto Leonardo , de Souza Maury Dorta , Torres Roberto Augusto de Almeida 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBeef cattle breeding programs offer genetic evaluations and consulting services on animal breeding practices to help breeders improve the genetic merit of their herds. Some breeders are more willing to apply best practices and technologies than others. Consequently, the average genetic merit and genetic trends differ across herds. We benchmarked some parameters of an average herd (AVE) and the corresponding parameters of herds with higher genetic merit (TOP), both participating in a commercial Nellore breeding program. Expected progeny differences (EPD) for growth, reproductive and carcass traits and a selection index (SI) of animals born from 2005 to 2019 on 128 farms located in Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay were used to compute the AVE parameters. The 20 herds with higher mean SI of animals born in the last five birth seasons were classified as TOP herds. The mean SI and EPD of animals born in the last five seasons in the TOP herds were, respectively, 89% and 79% to 206% higher (p ≤ 0.001) than those of animals from the AVE herd. Genetic trends over the entire period were also higher (50% for SI and 31% to 88% separately for each trait, p ≤ 0.006) in the TOP herds compared to the AVE herd. Although the difference in the numbers of cows, bulls and calves between the TOP and AVE herds did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.175, p = 0.273 and p = 0.061, respectively), the numbers of progeny per cow and per bull were 21% (p = 0.012) and 26% (p = 0.047) higher in the TOP herds, respectively. Multiple ovulation and embryo transfer and in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (MOET/IVF) accounted for a higher percentage of births in the TOP herds compared to AVE (24.6% vs. 12.5%, p = 0.002). The generation interval was 17% shorter (p < 0.001) in the TOP herds compared to AVE. The average inbreeding coefficient of animals from the TOP herds (1.08 ± 0.52%) did not differ (p = 0.78) from that of AVE animals (1.26 ± 0.96%). In general, AVE herds are evolving in the desirable direction but differences in genetic merit between AVE and TOP herds are increasing over time. The more frequent use of MOET/IVF, a lower cow‐to‐bull ratio, and a larger family size (progeny per cow or per bull) can help achieve larger selection differentials and increase genetic trends and average genetic merits of TOP herds compared to AVE herds.
Iridescent scales signal male fighting ability to access females in the jewelled splitfin Xenotoca variata
Authors: Moyaho Alejandro , Salazar‐Bautista José Luis , Beristain‐Castillo Evelyn , Amira Flores‐Urbina 
Published: January 2023

AbstractJewelled splitfin males (Xenotoca variata) possess multi‐colour iridescent scales (speckles) on the flanks. This study tested the hypothesis that the number of speckles could be a good proxy for predicting fighting ability in contests for access to females. The experiments consisted in observing and recording males' agonistic behaviour, courtship displays and mating attempts in mixed‐sex groups. The data were analysed and presented based on a Bayesian approach, which revealed that the density (cm−2) of speckles was positively correlated with the increase observed in the proportional frequency of attacks. Similarly, the density of speckles was positively associated with the increase observed in the frequency of courtship behaviour and with the frequency of mating attempts. Male–male aggressions drastically diminished (by eightfold) when females were removed from the observation tanks. These results indicate that the number of speckles is a consistent predictor of successful access to females and therefore, speckled males are likely to be able to gain more mating opportunities. This finding highlights the ubiquitous role iridescent colours play in visual signalling.
Nocebo response in dentistry: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of adverse events in analgesic trials of third molar removal
Authors: Watanabe Takeshi , Sieg Mette , Lunde Sigrid Juhl , Persson Mads , Taneja Pankaj , Baad‐Hansen Lene , Pigg Maria , Vase Lene 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe nocebo response refers to the phenomenon where non‐specific factors, including negative verbal suggestion and treatment expectations, cause adverse events (AE) following a placebo treatment. Non‐specific factors are also likely to influence AE occurrence following administration of active pharmacological treatments.ObjectiveThis meta‐analysis aimed to estimate the nocebo response in dentistry by assessing the AEs prevalence in placebo‐ and active arms of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing analgesic treatment following third molar (M3) surgery.MethodsA systematic search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Eligible studies had to report the number of patients experiencing at least one drug‐related AE (patients with AE ≥ 1) separately for the active and placebo arms. The proportion of patients with AE ≥ 1 and drug‐related dropouts were pooled, and risk differences (RDs) between patients in the placebo‐ and active arm were calculated.ResultsIn 50 independent RCTs of 47 identified articles, the pooled rates of patients with AE ≥ 1 were 22.8% in the placebo arm and 20.6% in the active arm. The pooled rates of drug‐related dropout were 0.24% in the placebo arm and 0.08% in the active arm. There were no significant RDs in patients with AE ≥ 1 and drug‐related dropouts.ConclusionThese results show that patients in the placebo arm reported AEs to the same extent as patients receiving active treatment, suggesting that most AEs in analgesic medication following M3 surgery may be attributed to the nocebo phenomenon.
NHS mental health services' policies on leave for detained patients in England and Wales: A national audit
Authors: Barlow Emily May , Dickens Geoffrey L. 
Published: January 2023

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?

‘Leave’ is a common occurrence for patients detained in mental health settings. The term covers multiple scenarios, for example short periods to get off the ward through to extended periods at home prior to discharge.

Despite the frequency and importance of leave, there is very little research about how it is implemented and whether, and in what circumstances, it is effective.

While there is legislation about leave in the Mental Health Act (1983) mental health services are free to implement their own policies or not to implement one at all.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

The leave policies of NHS mental health services in England and Wales are highly inconsistent.

The extent to which policies are consistent with guidance differs depending on which service is providing care.

What are the implications for practice?

It is very likely that, because of inconsistencies between services and policies, practice also differs.

Clinicians need to understand their responsibilities in the leave process to ensure that patients are supported in their recovery journey.

Policymakers need to revisit leave policies in light of evidence from this study.

AbstractIntroductionConsiderable guidance is available about the implementation of leave for detained patients, but individual mental health services are free to determine their own policies.AimTo determine how consistent leave policies of NHS mental health services in England and Wales are with relevant guidance and legislation.MethodA national audit of NHS mental health services leave policies. Data were obtained through web searching and Freedom of Information requests. Policies were assessed against 65 criteria across four domains (administrative, Responsible Clinician, types of leave and nursing). Definitions of leave‐related terms were extracted and analysed.ResultsFifty‐seven (91.9%) policies were obtained. There were considerable inconsistencies in how policies were informed by relevant guidance: Domain‐level consistency was 72.3% (administrative), 64.0% (Responsible Clinician), 44.7% (types of leave) and 41.9% (nursing). Definitions varied widely and commonly differed from those in relevant guidance.DiscussionMental health professionals are inconsistently supported by the policy in their leave‐related practice. This could potentially contribute to inconsistent practice and leave‐related patient outcomes.Implications for PracticeTo ensure patients are treated fairly clinicians need to be aware of their responsibilities around leave. In some services, they will need to go beyond their organization's stated policy to ensure this occurs.
Light availability and plant shade tolerance modify plant–microbial interactions and feedbacks in subtropical trees
Authors: Xi Nianxun , McCarthy‐Neumann Sarah , Feng Jiayi , Wu Hangyu , Wang Weitao , Semchenko Marina 
Published: January 2023

Summary

Plant–soil feedbacks (PSFs) are an important mechanism of species coexistence in forest communities. However, evidence remains limited for how light availability regulates PSFs in species with different shade tolerance via changes in plant–microbial interactions.

Here we tested in a glasshouse experiment how PSFs changed as a function of light availability and tree shade tolerance. Soil bacterial and fungal communities were profiled using the 16S rRNA and ITS2 gene sequencing, respectively.

Under low light, individual PSFs were positively related to shade tolerance, while the least shade‐tolerant species produced the most positive PSFs under high light. Pairwise PSFs between species with contrasting shade tolerance were strongly positive under high light but negative under low light, thereby promoting the dominance of less shade‐tolerant species in forest gaps and species coexistence under closed canopy, respectively. Under high light, PSFs were related to soil microbial composition and diversity, with the relative abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi being the primary driver of PSFs. Under low light, none of soil microbial properties were significantly related to PSFs.

These findings indicate PSFs and plant shade tolerance interact to promote species coexistence and improve our understanding of how soil microbes contribute to variation in PSFs.
Identification of key miRNAs in unilateral mastication‐induced disruption of cartilage homeostasis
Authors: Wu Mengjie , Wang Xuebin , Shuai Jing , Deng Liquan , Lu Haiping , Zhou Yiqun , Wu Mengrui 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe present study identified potentially pivotal miRNAs contributing to chondrogenic differentiation in temporomandibular joint suffering abnormal stress.Materials and MethodsSprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into control and experimental unilateral mastication (EUM) group. Bone micro‐structure parameters was detected by micro‐CT, and FGF‐1 and MMP‐1 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry. Differentially expressed miRNAs of bilateral condyle cartilage were screened via miRNA microarray at 4‐ and 8‐week EUM, then further verified using quantitative reverse‐transcription PCR. Over‐expression of five differentially expressed miRNAs in chondrocytes was triggered by transfecting miRNA mimics. The expression of MMP‐13, Col‐II, OPN, and Runx2 was verified by western blotting.ResultsExpressions of FGF‐1 and MMP‐1 in right condyles gradually increased from 2 to 6 weeks after EUM. A total of 20 differentially expressed miRNAs were regulated by EUM, which related to cell proliferation, invasion, and osteoblast differentiation pathways. The over‐expression of miR‐148a‐3p and miR‐1‐3p led to down‐regulation of Col‐II, while MMP‐13 and Runx2 were up‐regulated by induction of hypotrophic differentiation or IL‐1β stimulation. These findings suggested that miR‐148a‐3p and miR‐1‐3p promote chondrogenic differentiation.ConclusionsSeveral pivotal miRNAs were found to be related to chondrogenic differentiation, which provides novel insight into pathogenic mechanisms of cartilage homeostasis.
Undetected Intraoperative Periprosthetic Femoral Fractures in Patients Undergoing Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Liu Yubo , Li Chao , Cao Zheng , Wang Xin , Wen Jiaxin , Ping Hangyu , Kong Xiangpeng , Chai Wei 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivePeriprosthetic fracture in total hip arthroplasty (THA) can be catastrophic, and early detection and appropriate management are vital to the overall prognosis. This study aimed to describe and summarize the features of undetected intraoperative periprosthetic femoral fractures (IPFFs) in primary THA patients and treatment measures and to review the relevant literature.MethodsWe reviewed a total of 6350 primary THAs performed at our institution between January 2013 and December 2020 and screened all IPFFs. Of 138 IPFFs, 24 were undetected and met the inclusion criteria. We recorded and compared basic patient and operative information and measured some parameters to evaluate canal morphologies based on preoperative radiographs. We also compared fracture line characteristics using postoperative radiographs to summarize the features of intraoperative fractures and propose treatment strategies. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to test the normality of the variable distributions. Measured parameters in all groups were analyzed using one‐way analysis of variance and compared using Dunnett's test. The χ2 and Fisher exact tests were used to compare reoperation rates across the groups. Interrater and intrarater reliability were evaluated by intraclass correlation coefficients.ResultsAmong the 24 hips, there was no significant difference in patient demographics, basic operative information or morphology. The incidence of IPFFs in primary THA patients was 2.17%, and up to 17.4% of IPFFs were undetected until postoperative fluoroscopy. The incidence of undetected IPFFs among all primary THA patients was 0.38% and varied by stem type, with the highest incidence in femurs with either anatomical (1.04%, 4/385) or modular stems (0.90%, 9/1003). Femurs with anatomical stems had a higher reoperation rate. The distal periprosthetic (Gruen zone 4) fracture line of femurs with tapered stems was more prone to involve the medial or lateral bone cortex, which could cause instability.ConclusionAn undetected IPFF is most likely in femurs fitted with a prosthesis of an inappropriate size or type. Anatomical stems will most likely cause unstable fractures; thus, it is recommended to use them with caution and note the possibility of medial distal femoral fracture. Improper modular stem type or size selection results in longitudinal fractures of the distal femur, and prophylactic cerclage wire binding is recommended in dysplastic hips. Incorrect use of tapered stems in well‐ossified femurs may cause distal femoral fractures involving the medial or lateral bone cortex. Intraoperative fluoroscopy after implantation may help detect hidden fractures.
Cell dehydration of intergeneric hybrid induces subgenome‐related specific responses
Authors: Hura Tomasz , Hura Katarzyna , Dziurka Kinga , Ostrowska Agnieszka , Urban Karolina 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe aim was to identify subgenome‐related specific responses in two types of triticale, that is, of the wheat‐dominated genome (WDG) and rye‐dominated genome (RDG), to water stress induced in the early phase (tillering) of plant growth. Higher activity of the primary metabolism of carbohydrates is a feature of the WDG type, while the dominance of the rye genome is associated with a higher activity of the secondary metabolism of phenolic compounds in the RDG type. The study analyzed carbohydrates and key enzymes of their synthesis, free phenolic compounds and carbohydrate‐related components of the cell wall, monolignols, and shikimic acid (ShA), which is a key link between the primary and secondary metabolism of phenolic compounds. Under water stress, dominance of the wheat genome in the WDG type was manifested by an increased accumulation of the large subunit of Rubisco and sucrose phosphate synthase and a higher content of raffinose and stachyose compared with the RDG type. In dehydrated RDG plants, higher activity of L‐phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and L‐tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL), as well as a higher level of ShA, free and cell wall‐bound p‐hydroxybenzoic acid, free homovanillic acid, free sinapic acid, and cell wall‐bound syringic acid can be considered biochemical indicators of the dominance of the rye genome.
Resilience analysis of cyber‐physical systems: A review of models and methods
Authors: Cassottana Beatrice , Roomi Muhammad M. , Mashima Daisuke , Sansavini Giovanni 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCyber‐physical systems (CPSs) are monitored and controlled by a computing and communicating core. This cyber layer enables better management of the controlled subsystem, but it also introduces threats to the security and protection of CPSs, as demonstrated by recent cyberattacks. The resulting governance and policy emphasis on cybersecurity is reflected in the academia by a vast body of literature. In this article, we systematize existing knowledge on CPS analysis. Specifically, we focus on the quantitative assessment of CPSs before and after the occurrence of a disruption. Through the systematic analysis of the models and methods adopted in the literature, we develop a CPS resilience assessment framework consisting of three steps, namely, (1) CPS description, (2) disruption scenario identification, and (3) resilience strategy selection. For each step of the framework, we suggest established methods for CPS analysis and suggest four criteria for method selection. The framework proposes a standardized workflow to assess the resilience of CPSs before and after the occurrence of a disruption. The application of the proposed framework is exemplified with reference to a power substation and associated communication network.The case study shows that the proposed framework supports resilience decision making by quantifying the effects of the implementation of resilience strategies.