bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulating the Photoresponse Performance of Two‐Dimensional GeSe Photodetectors in Visible Region by Ion Irradiation
Authors: Wang Jing , Xu Hang , He Dong , Wang Hongbo , Kang Yufan , Pei Yongfeng , Jiang Changzhong , Li Wenqing , Xiao Xiangheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe 2D GeSe‐based photodetectors have exhibited ultrahigh photoresponsivity (Rλ), sensitive‐specific detectivity (D*), and large external quantum efficiency (EQE) in previous researches. Ion beam techniques have been utilized to effectively modify the surface of nanomaterials for recent years. Herein, the authors propose to engineer the 2D GeSe nanosheets via low‐energy ion irradiation for improving the photoresponse in visible region. The nonmetallic nitrogen and metallic silver elements are selected to modulate the performance of 2D GeSe FETs, respectively. The results show that N‐irradiated GeSe nanosheets have exhibited twice faster photoresponse for 532 nm laser for making up the trailing phenomenon in the decay process during the dynamic response of pristine 2D GeSe. More importantly, via Ag ion irradiation, a self‐driven and higher photoresponsivity GeSe‐based photodetector is realized. The Ag‐irradiated GeSe nanosheets have shown the considerably high Rλ of 9.6 × 102 A W−1 with no bias and no gate voltage applied. The work provides a new direction for modification of other 2D materials by ion beam technique for optoelectronic devices.
Single‐site robotic cholecystectomy versus single‐incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Rudiman Reno , Hanafi Ricarhdo Valentino , Almawijaya Almawijaya 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe possibilities of minimally invasive cholecystectomy have emerged since the beginning of single‐incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SILC) and single‐site robotic cholecystectomy (SSRC). This study aimed to compare the feasibility, safety, and pain scores between SSRC and SILC.MethodsThe authors searched randomized or non‐randomized controlled trials and observational studies in PubMed, EuroPMC, and ClinicalTrials.gov from April 2012 until April 2022. The authors analyzed the operation time, hospital stay, blood loss volume, conversion rate, intraoperative complication rates, postoperative complications, visual analog scale (VAS) immediately after surgery, and VAS at hospital discharge. This study aligned with PRISMA and AMSTAR guidelines.ResultsThirteen studies were selected with 817 and 757 patients who underwent SSRC and SILC. Thus, this study demonstrated a lower incidence of intraoperative complication rates [relative risk (RR) 0.57 (95% CI 0.34–0.96), p = 0.03] and lesser VAS score at hospital discharge [Std. Mean Difference (SMD) −0.23 (95% CI −0.46, −0.01), p = 0.04] in the SSRC group. Regarding operation time and cost, SSRC revealed a longer time [SMD 1.02 (95% CI 0.45, 1.59), p = 0.0004] and higher cost [SMD 4.18 (95% CI 1.77, 6.58), p < 0.00001], respectively. Meanwhile, SSRC did not differ from SILC during a hospital stay, blood loss volume, conversion rate, postoperative complication rates, and VAS immediately after surgery.ConclusionsConcerning intraoperative complication rates and VAS score at hospital discharge, SSRC was superior to SILC. Thus, SSRC is considered a feasible and safe procedure.
Synthesis of Directly‐Linked Porphyrin−Pyricorrole Hybrid via Rearrangement of Internally‐bridged Octaphyrin(1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1) Upon Ni(II) Metalation
Authors: Nakai Akito , Wang Qian , Sundholm Dage , Tanaka Takayuki , Osuka Atsuhiro 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA directly‐linked NiII porphyrin−NiII pyricorrole hybrid was obtained upon NiII complexation of internally‐bridged octaphyrin(1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1). The structure has been unambiguously revealed by X‐ray diffraction analysis. The pyricorrole skeleton is different from that reported earlier with regard to the position of the pyridine moiety. The new pyricorrole macrocycle was characterized as an aromatic molecule sustaining a complex current density. The thermodynamic stability of the NiII pyricorrole skeleton indicated by DFT calculation may drive this rearrangement.
Modeling water age in a full‐scale residential plumbing system
Authors: Julien Ryan , Palmegiani Maria , Lee Juneseok , Whelton Andrew J. , Mitchell Jade 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe residence time of water in residential building water systems is a critical factor regarding water quality at end use. Published literature has highlighted the importance of water age in these systems and its relationship with pathogenic bacteria such as Legionella pneumophila. However, tools to measure water age in such plumbing systems are typically repurposed from other applications and include limitations that make them inappropriate for some plumbing systems. This work presents a novel means of estimating water age by assuming these systems operate without mixing. Data for this study was collected from a full‐scale home equipped with an extensive array of flow meters to monitor water use. Further, 408 individual water quality samples were collected to ascertain water quality changes that take place in the plumbing. Model results show weak correlation with EPANET 2.2 (ρ = 0.666), a commonly used hydraulic modeling software. The results of the water age model were also evaluated with several variable selection tools. These analyses indicate that this method's water age results are a statistically significant (p < .05) predictor of Legionella concentrations. Model results from this approach could be used in plumbing design and/or operation to assist in managing Legionella risks.
The green to circular bioeconomy transition: Innovation and resilience among Italian enterprises
Authors: Alfano Maria Rosaria , Cantabene Claudia , Lepore Amedeo , Palermo Stefano 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe bioeconomy is an essential part of the transition from a linear to a circular production model, which repositions production systems to favour sustainability and innovation. There are two main contributors to the development of this process: the choices made by public decision‐makers (national and European), and the strategies adopted by companies and the recent increased diffusion of new business networks and clusters in Europe, which favour industrial and technological transformation processes. We move from analysis of the international context and how Italy's positioning in the new circular bioeconomy is evolving to focus on the diffusion of business clusters and networks in Europe linked to the circular bioeconomy to propose a preliminary empirical study of corporate behaviour. For this we use survey data on Italian bio‐industries that are part of the cluster SPRING (Sustainable Processes and Resources for Innovation and National Growth). The results show how SPRING cluster firms are pushed to improve their positioning in numerous fields characterizing the most innovative business models.
The method of moments used in polymerization reaction engineering for 70 years: An overview, tutorial, and minilibrary
Authors: Zapata‐González Iván , Saldívar‐Guerra Enrique 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the last seven decades, the method of moments (MoM) has become an invaluable tool in the field of polymerization reaction engineering, due to the simplicity of translating a complex set of population balance equations (PBE) into a system with a limited number of equations. In this work, we offer an overview of the MoM, describing the derivation of the moment equations in a basic kinetic mechanism. Some tools and strategies for the derivation of the moment equations are reviewed and explained in detail, such as the binomial theorem, the method of series expansion and pattern identification (SEPI), extensively used by the community, and a graphical approach of summation inversion. The treatment for multivariate distributions is also exposed, taking advantage of the complete and partial moment techniques. The derivation of the MoM contribution by kinetic mechanisms beyond the basic ones or involving special difficulties, such as depropagation, long chain branching (LCB), random chain scission, LCB and β‐scission, short chain branching (SCB) and scission, internal double bond (IDB) (polymerization), termination by combination, reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP), and intermolecular transesterification reactions (ITRs), are explained in a tutorial way. Additionally, the fundamentals of the MoM in copolymerization and the application of the pseudo‐homopolymerization approach are briefly described. An introduction of the MoM to emulsion polymerization is also presented. Finally, some advanced applications of MoM in recent works are exposed: MoM models with chain‐length dependent or diffusion‐controlled termination, and the extension of the MoM for the prediction of the molecular weight distribution (MWD).
Packet processing and data plane program verification: A survey with tools, techniques, and challenges
Authors: Akarte Harishchandra A. , Yadav Dharmendra K. 
Published: June 2023

SummaryIn today's era of fast‐growing network‐enabled devices combined, it increases the complexity of the network. This leads to the massive data packet transfer on the network via the data plane in a software‐defined networking environment. The programmable packet processing in a data plane may introduce indirect bugs that are hard to catch manually. To avoid catastrophic after‐effects, such programs need to be formally verified. Researchers have proposed various tools and techniques to verify the data plane program using the P4 language. Most of the researchers have used the concept of assertion and symbolic execution to provide P4 verification approaches. As symbolic execution does not scale up well, researchers have proposed different techniques, which include the use of constraints, slicing of the program, parallelization, data plane verification, program verification, and so on. The tools have experimented with different choices for compiler optimization. In this article, we perform a pervasive survey on various verification tools and techniques based on data plane programming using domain‐specific language like P4 from the inception of the concept. We have compared the packet processing tools developed as per the requirement of time with their ideology and the impact of change.
Expanding EMC foldopathies: Topogenesis deficits alter the neural crest
Authors: Marquez Jonathan , Aslam Faiza , Khokha Mustafa K. 
Published: June 2023

SummaryThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein complex (EMC) is essential for the insertion of a wide variety of transmembrane proteins into the plasma membrane across cell types. Each EMC is composed of Emc1‐7, Emc10, and either Emc8 or Emc9. Recent human genetics studies have implicated variants in EMC genes as the basis for a group of human congenital diseases. The patient phenotypes are varied but appear to affect a subset of tissues more prominently than others. Namely, craniofacial development seems to be commonly affected. We previously developed an array of assays in Xenopus tropicalis to assess the effects of emc1 depletion on the neural crest, craniofacial cartilage, and neuromuscular function. We sought to extend this approach to additional EMC components identified in patients with congenital malformations. Through this approach, we determine that EMC9 and EMC10 are important for neural crest development and the development of craniofacial structures. The phenotypes observed in patients and our Xenopus model phenotypes similar to EMC1 loss of function likely due to a similar mechanism of dysfunction in transmembrane protein topogenesis.
Non‐exploitative human disturbance provides shelter for prey from predator
Authors: Lamichhane Saneer , Lamichhane Babu Ram , Gurung Aasish , Rayamajhi Trishna , Dahal Tulasi Prasad , Regmi Pramod Raj , Pokheral Chiranjibi Prasad , Pathak Abhinaya , Panta Ganesh , Kandel Ram Chandra , Oli Madan K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHuman activities can influence behaviors of predators and prey, as well as predator–prey interactions. Using camera trap data, we investigated whether or to what extent human activities influenced behaviors of predators (tigers and leopards) and prey (sambar deer, spotted deer, wild boar, and barking deer), and predator–prey interactions in the Barandabhar Corridor Forest (BCF), Chitwan District, Nepal. A multispecies occupancy model revealed that the presence of humans altered the conditional occupancy of both prey and predator species. Specifically, the conditional occupancy probability of prey was substantially higher (ψ = 0.91, CI = 0.89–0.92) when humans were present than when humans were absent (ψ = 0.68, CI = 0.54–0.79). The diel activity pattern of most prey species overlapped strongly with humans, whereas predators were generally more active when humans were absent. Finally, the spatiotemporal overlap analysis revealed that human–prey interactions (i.e., the probability that both humans and prey species being present on the same grid at the same hourly period) was ~3 times higher (10.5%, CI = 10.4%–10.6%) compared to spatiotemporal overlap between humans and predators (3.1%, CI = 3.0%–3.2%). Our findings are consistent with the human shield hypothesis and suggest that ungulate prey species may reduce predation risk by using areas with high human activities.
Research on image classification of coal and gangue based on a lightweight convolution neural network
Authors: Cao Zhenguan , Fang Liao , Li Rui , Yang Xun , Li JinBiao , Li Zhuoqin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIt is vital to differentiate between coal and gangue in coal mining effectively. In recent years, classification methods for images of coal‐ and gangue‐based convolutional neural networks have emerged, which makes the analysis process simple and fast. However, these methods still have the limitation of balancing recognition performance and computational efficiency due to the limitation of device hardware. This research proposes a group convolution and channel shuffle augmentation Ghost network (GSAGNet) for the classification task of coal and gangue images. First, we design a new Ghost module with group convolution and channel shuffle to improve the stability of the Ghost module for better extraction of features of coal and gangue. Second, we redesign GhostNet to improve the model's classification accuracy while guaranteeing similar floating‐point operations. Finally, an efficient channel attention module is embedded in the prediction output of the model to improve the model's prediction results further. Extensive experiments on actual image datasets of coal and gangue show the feasibility and superiority of our proposed GSAG module. The GSAG module is applied to models such as AlexNet, VGG13, and ResNet50, and the accuracy of the models is improved by 0.27%, 1.24%, and 1.25%, respectively, compared to the Ghost module. The classification accuracy and F1‐score of the proposed GSAGNet model reach 97.50% and 97.50%, respectively, which are 1.01% and 1.04% higher than that of GhostNet. The GSAGNet model in this study can classify coal and gangue efficiently, which can effectively enable the separation of underground coal and gangue and has specific practical application significance and value.
Sparsity‐guided multiple functional connectivity patterns for classification of schizophrenia via convolutional network
Authors: Yu Renping , Pan Cong , Bian Lingbin , Fei Xuan , Chen Mingming , Shen Dinggang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe explorations of brain functional connectivity network (FCN) using resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging can provide crucial insights into discriminative analysis of neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia (SZ). Pearson's correlation (PC) is widely used to construct a densely connected FCN which may overlook some complex interactions of paired regions of interest (ROIs) under confounding effect of other ROIs. Although the method of sparse representation takes into account this issue, it penalizes each edge equally, which often makes the FCN look like a random network. In this paper, we establish a new framework, called convolutional neural network with sparsity‐guided multiple functional connectivity, for SZ classification. The framework consists of two components. (1) The first component constructs a sparse FCN by integrating PC and weighted sparse representation (WSR). The FCN retains the intrinsic correlation between paired ROIs, and eliminates false connection simultaneously, resulting in sparse interactions among multiple ROIs with the confounding effect regressed out. (2) In the second component, we develop a functional connectivity convolution to learn discriminative features for SZ classification from multiple FCNs by mining the joint spatial mapping of FCNs. Finally, an occlusion strategy is employed to explore the contributive regions and connections, to derive the potential biomarkers in identifying associated aberrant connectivity of SZ. The experiments on SZ identification verify the rationality and advantages of our proposed method. This framework also can be used as a diagnostic tool for other neuropsychiatric disorders.
Translating Clinical Pharmacology Data in Pregnancy to Evidence‐Based Guideline Recommendations: Perspectives From the HIV Field
Authors: Brooks Kristina M. , Scott Rachel K. , Best Brookie M. , Capparelli Edmund , Momper Jeremiah D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPharmacokinetic (PK) studies in pregnant, postpartum, and breastfeeding people are critical to informing appropriate medication use and dosing. A key component of translating PK results in these complex populations into clinical practice involves the systematic review and interpretation of data by guideline panels, composed of clinicians, scientists, and community members, to leverage available data for informed decision making by clinicians and patients and offer clinical best practices. Interpretation of PK data in pregnancy involves evaluation of multiple factors such as the study design, target population, and type of sampling performed. Assessments of fetal and infant drug exposure while in utero or during breastfeeding, respectively, are also critical for informing whether medications are safe to use during pregnancy and throughout postpartum in lactating people. This review will provide an overview of this translational process, discussion of the various factors considered by guideline panels, and practical aspects of implementing certain recommendations, using the HIV field as an example.
Use of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling for Hepatically Cleared Drugs in Pregnancy: Regulatory Perspective
Authors: Coppola Paola , Kerwash Essam , Cole Susan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPhysiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling could be used to predict changes in exposure during pregnancy and possibly inform medicine use in pregnancy in situations in which there is currently limited or no available clinical PK data. The Medicines and Healthcare Product Regulatory Agency has been evaluating the available models for a number of medicines cleared by hepatic clearance mechanisms. Models were evaluated for metoprolol, tacrolimus, clindamycin, ondansetron, phenytoin, caffeine, fluoxetine, clozapine, carbamazepine, metronidazole, and paracetamol. The hepatic metabolism through cytochrome P450 (CYP) contributes significantly to the elimination of these drugs, and available knowledge of CYP changes during pregnancy has been implemented in the existing pregnancy physiology models. In general, models were able to capture trends in exposure changes in pregnancy to some extent, but the magnitude of pharmacokinetic change for these hepatically cleared drugs was not captured in each case, nor were models always able to capture overall exposure in the populations. A thorough evaluation was hampered by the lack of clinical data for drugs cleared by a specific clearance pathway. The limited clinical data, as well as complex elimination pathways involving CYPs, uridine 5′‐diphospho‐glucuronosyltransferase and active transporter for many drugs, currently limit the confidence in the prospective use of the models. Pregnancy‐related changes in uridine 5′‐diphospho‐glucuronosyltransferase and transport functions are emerging, and incorporation of such changes in current physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling software is in progress. Filling this gap is expected to further enhance predictive performance of models and increase the confidence in predicting PK changes in pregnant women for hepatically cleared drugs.
T2 Mapping of Patellar Cartilage After a Single First‐Time Episode of Traumatic Lateral Patellar Dislocation
Authors: Voronkova Elena , Melnikov Ilya , Manzhurtsev Andrei , Bozhko Olga , Vorobyev Denis , Akhadov Tolib , Menshchikov Petr 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn most cases, lateral patellar dislocation (LPD) is accompanied by chondral injury and may initiate gradual degeneration of patellar cartilage, which might be detected with a T2 mapping, a well‐established method for cartilage lesions assessment.PurposeTo examine short‐term consequences of single first‐time LPD in teenagers by T2 mapping of the patellar‐cartilage state.Study TypeProspective.Population95 patients (mean age: 15.1 ± 2.3; male/female: 46/49) with first‐time, complete, traumatic LPD and 51 healthy controls (mean age: 14.7 ± 2.2, male/female: 29/22).Field Strength/Sequence3.0 T; axial T2 mapping acquired using a 2D turbo spin‐echo sequence.AssessmentMRI examination was conducted 2–4 months after first LPD. T2 values were calculated in manually segmented cartilage area via averaging over three middle level slices in six cartilage regions: deep, intermediate, superficial layers, and medial lateral parts.Statistical TestsANOVA analysis with Tukey's multiple comparison test, one‐vs.‐rest logistic regression analysis. The threshold of significance was set at P < 0.05.ResultsIn lateral patellar cartilage, a significant increase in T2 values was found in deep and intermediate layers in both patient groups with mild (deep: 34.7 vs. 31.3 msec, intermediate: 38.7 vs. 34.6 msec, effect size = 0.55) and severe (34.8 vs. 31.3 msec, 39.1 vs. 34.6 msec, 0.55) LPD consequences as compared to controls. In the medial facet, only severe cartilage damage showed significant prolongation of T2 times in the deep layer (34.3 vs. 30.7 msec, 0.55). No significant changes in T2 values were found in the lateral superficial layer (P = 0.99), whereas mild chondromalacia resulted in a significant decrease of T2 in the medial superficial layer (41.0 vs. 43.8 msec, 0.55).Data ConclusionThe study revealed substantial difference in T2 changes after LPD between medial and lateral areas of patellar cartilage.Evidence Level2Technical Efficacy Stage2
Heat health during future summers in eastern Asia: The combined roles of circulation, temperature and humidity
Authors: Clark Robin T. , Wu Peili 
Published: June 2023

AbstractExcessive relative humidity (RH) in combination with high temperature can lead to heat stress, often measured by the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT). The Clausius‐Clapeyron (CC) relationship implies that warming reduces RH if no extra moisture is added. Over coastal regions like eastern Asia, however, the predominant summer monsoon favours increased moisture transport from surrounding oceans as a result of enhanced evaporation driven by surface temperature increase. This would lessen the RH reduction by potentially two‐thirds. Based on two ensembles of climate model simulations, this paper examines the competing effects of near‐surface temperature, humidity and circulation patterns in this region and the consequential health risks. Under a high emissions scenario (RCP8.5/SSP5‐8.5), surface temperature could increase by 4 – 7°C with WBGT increases of several degrees by the end of the 21st century. Devastating extreme heat health events could therefore become a frequent occurrence as a result. Overall, our results show how humidity can be just as important as temperature when considering the risks to society of excessive heat.