bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact and future improvements of workplace-based learning in traditional Korean medicine clinical clerkship: Perspectives of graduates
Authors: Cho Eunbyul , Lee Do-Eun , Lee Dongha , Jung Hyun-Jong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Workplace-based learning (WPBL) has emerged as an essential practice in healthcare education. However, WPBL is rarely implemented in traditional Korean Medicine (TKM) due to the passive attitude of teachers and possible violation of medical laws that limit the participation of trainees in medical treatment. In this study, we implemented WPBL in the clinical clerkship of acupuncture and moxibustion medicine at a single College of Korean Medicine and discuss future improvements.
Methods
During the clerkship, each senior student was assigned an inpatient at the university hospital. WPBL was conducted as follows: patient presentation by the supervisor, interaction with the patient at the bedside, preparation of medical records, oral case presentation, and discussion with feedback. The student performed a physical examination and review of systems as a clinical task. In addition, six doctors of Korean Medicine (DKM) who are currently practicing after three years of WPBL were interviewed to investigate the real-world effects and unmet needs of WPBL in their workplaces.
Results
Two major themes identified from the interview were: “the experience of novice DKMs with TKM practice” and “Status Quo TKM education.” The five subcategories were: “Clinical competency priorities vary according to the TKM workplace,” “Difficulties faced by DKMs immediately after graduation,” “WPBL experience,” “Necessary but difficult to implement real patient learning,” and “Unmet needs for clinical clerkship in TKM.”
Conclusion
The present study suggests that WPBL may contribute to achieving various competencies of DKM. Since most DKMs are employed in clinics after graduation without receiving training in hospitals, WPBL plays an essential role in TKM education, and real patient learning in TKM primary clinics should be increased. However, the voluntary participation of patients, which requires the active participation of teachers, is necessary for the implementation of WPBL.
Telemedicine Use and Decrements to Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Rodriguez Hector , Ciemins Elizabeth , Rubio Karl , Rattelman Cori , Cuddeback John , Mohl Jeff , Bibi Salma , Shortell Stephen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: We examine pandemic-era quality of care changes associated with telemedicine use among adults with type 2 diabetes and/or hypertension across ten health systems.
Methods: Patient-level encounter and laboratory data (n=1,963,563) were analyzed for pre-pandemic (March 13, 2019 to December 31, 2019) and pandemic (March 13, 2020 to December 31, 2020) periods. Generalized linear models with binomial distribution functions and log links estimated the association of telemedicine use with four outcomes: 1) hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) testing, 2) HbA1c control (<8.0%), 3) blood pressure (BP) testing, and 4) BP control (<140 / 90 mmHg), controlling for patient characteristics, system fixed effects, and with propensity score weights.
Results: In adjusted analyses, telemedicine use was associated with lower odds of HbA1c (aOR=0.74, p<0.05) and BP (aOR=0.40, p<0.01) testing for adults with type 2 diabetes, but not HbA1c or BP control. Among hypertension-only patients, telemedicine use was associated with lower odds of BP testing (aOR=0.10, p<0.001), but not BP control. Compared to pre-pandemic telemedicine use, pandemic period telemedicine use was associated with lower odds of HbA1c and BP monitoring.
Discussion: Telemedicine use was associated with lower odds of HbA1c monitoring for adults with type 2 diabetes and lower odds of BP testing for adults with type 2 diabetes and/or hypertension.
Conclusion: As telemedicine continues to be used for diabetes and hypertension care, remote monitoring, standing orders, and community pharmacy partnerships may be necessary supplements to telemedicine to assure high quality care, especially when in-person care options are limited.
Deep Surveillance System
Authors: . Pritam , Mushuni Sudhir Singh , Joshi Himanshu , Goel Shalini 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study has been undertaken to investigate and implement multiple detection systems into a single surveillance system and check whether the input videos may comprised and capture a variety of realistic anomalies or not. In this paper, we propose to learn various anomalies by exploiting both normal and anomalous videos and implemented it to new model. Real time object detection is a vast, vibrant and sophisticated area of computer vision aimed towards object identification and recognition. Object detection detects the semantic objects of a class objects using Open source ComputerVision, which is a library of programming functions mainly trained towards real time computer vision in digital images and videos. The main aim behind this real time object detection is to help the peoples to overcome their difficulty. Real time object detection finds its uses in the areas like tracking objects, video surveillance, pedestrian detection, people counting, self-driving cars, face detection, tracking in sports and many more. This is achieved using Convolution, Probabilistic Neural Networks, etc which are a representative tool of Deep learning. This project acts as an aiding tool for peoples who wants to take care of everything inside, outside, and around their house just for their full security expectations. Surveillance is a must for small houses to large-scale industries as they fulfil our safety aspects because theft and burglary have always been a problem. By combining this Surveillance idea to IoT and some Machine Learning stuff this will be a major product.The proposed project is a single autonomous surveillance system, based on analysis and detection technology. The proposed system is capable of monitoring all actions at once and alerts the concerned officials immediately and precisely.
Development of high accurate family-use digital refractometer based on CMOS
Authors: Wang Zhenxing , Jia Zhenyuan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study aims to develop a low-cost refractometer for measuring the sucrose content of fruit juice, which is an important factor affecting human health. While laboratory-grade refractometers are expensive and unsuitable for personal use, existing low-cost commercial options lack stability and accuracy. To address this gap, we propose a refractometer that replaces the expensive CCD sensor and light source with a conventional LED and a reasonably priced CMOS sensor. By analyzing the output waveform pattern of the CMOS sensor, we achieve high precision with a personal-use-appropriate accuracy of 0.1%. We tested the proposed refractometer by conducting one hundred repeated measurements on various fruit juice samples, and the results demonstrate its reliability and consistency. Running on a 48 MHz ARM processor, the algorithm can acquire data in 0.2 seconds. Our low-cost refractometer is suitable for personal health management and small-scale production, providing an affordable and reliable method for measuring sucrose concentration in fruit juice. It improves upon the existing low-cost options by offering better stability and accuracy. This accessible tool has potential applications in optimizing the sucrose content of fruit juice for better health and quality control.
Single fiber ghost imaging for extreme minimally invasive medicine
Authors: Wakayama Toshitaka , Higuchi Yudai , Kondo Rikuto , Mizutani Yasuhiro , Higashiguchi Takeshi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Optical scattering media, such as blood, disturbs us to diagnose diseases inside deep blood vessels of our body. This is one of age-old problems on optics. To date, optical correlation allows us to image any objects hidden by scattering media. However, constrained by the scattering condition and weak illumination with thought of our body safety, even advanced fiber endoscopes are impossible to image the objects in meso-field of a few 10 mm. To overcome this problem, we demonstrate a lens-less single fiber ghost imaging for extreme minimally invasive medicine. Present imaging with a diameter of 105 µm achieved a spatial resolution of 0.05 mm in observing area of 9 mm2, image reconstruction under opaque scattering condition, and imaging at laser power density of 0.10 mW/cm2, as compared with a conventional neuroendoscope at that of 94 mW/cm2. Our strategy opens a new avenue for extreme minimally invasive endoscopic medicine.
Deletion of CUL4B in gut epithelium promotes ApcMin/+ adenoma formation by impacting the microenvironment
Authors: Guo Beibei , Zheng Yawen , Fan Yujia , Yang Yang , Wang Yuxing , Qin Liping , An Yachun , Xu Xiaoran , Zhang Xiyu , Sun Gongping , Dou Hao , Shao Changshun , Gong Yaoqin , Jiang Baichun , Hu Huili 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Cullin 4B (CUL4B) is a scaffold protein of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Recent studies have reported the converse effect of CUL4B in carcinogenesis depending on where it functions. The role of CUL4B in tumor initiation at pre-tumor stage remains unknown. Here we report that CUL4B deficiency in the gut epithelium accelerates ApcMin/+ adenoma formation by creating the adenoma-prone immunosuppressive microenvironment. Absence of epithelial CUL4B improves the recruitment and activation of tumor-infiltrating CD11b+Gr-1+ MDSCs. In vitro co-culture of MDSCs significantly rescued the reverse phenotype of CUL4B deficient organoids. Mechanistically, CUL4B transcriptionally represses the expression of Csf3, one gene encoding secreted chemokine responsible for enrolling MDSCs. Our findings provide an understanding of the interplay between adenoma cells and microenvironment in promoting colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation in the context of activated Wnt.
MALAT1/ miR-1-3p-mediated BRF2 promotes HCC progression via inhibiting the LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway
Authors: Li Guang-Zhen , Meng Guang-Xiao , Pan Guo-Qiang , Zhang Xiao , Yan Lun-Jie , Li Rui-Zhe , Ding Zi-Niu , Tan Si-Yu , Wang Dong-Xu , Tian Bao-Wen , Hong Jian-Guo , Yan Yu-Chuan , Dong Zhao-Ru , Li Tao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent cancers and one of the main causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Many studies have shown that abnormal expression of lncRNA plays a crucial role in HCC. LncRNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) has been reported to play a vital role in various tumors. However, the underlying mechanism of MALAT1 in HCC has not been thoroughly elucidated. The expression of MALAT1 were detected by qRT-PCR. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASO)-MALAT1 transfected cells were used to explore the biological effects of MALAT1 by cell CCK-8, colony formation, transwell, wound healing, and flow cytometry analysis. Western blotting was performed to measure PI3K/Akt and apoptosis-related protein levels. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to verify the relationship between MALAT1 and its specific targets. We found that MALAT1 was upregulated, and MALAT1 knockdown inhibited migration and invasion, and it induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Further studies demonstrated that MALAT1 positively regulated the expression of transcription factor II B‑related factor 2 (BRF2) which was associated with clinical index and poor prognosis. Mechanistically, MALAT1 was found to act as a competitive endogenous RNA to sponge hsa-miR-1-3p, which upregulated BRF2. Knockdown of BRF2 inhibited the progression of HCC by the LKB1/AMPK pathway. Overexpression of BRF2 reversed the inhibitory effect of MALAT1 knockdown. Our results demonstrate a novel MALAT1/miR-1-3p/BRF2/LKB1/AMPK regulatory axis in HCC, which may provide new molecular therapeutic targets for HCC in the future.
The global burden of childhood and adolescent leukemia and Attributable Risk Factors: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Cui Yiran , Yang Wenyan , Shuai Jingliang , Ma Yulan , Xiao Gao , Yan Yan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Childhood and adolescent leukemia represent a significant disease burden worldwide, making research on leukemia in this population and its attributable risk factors highly valuable. The aim of this study is to estimate the burden of leukemia in children and adolescents, as well as the social-demographic status, for 21 regions around the world from 1990 to 2019.
Methods
We collected data of childhood and adolescent leukemia from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 including, incidence, death, and Disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). We also conducted an analysis of the Joinpoint model to estimate the time trend of incidence, death, and DALYs rate of leukemia. Additionally, we examined the changes in leukemia DALYs attributable to risk factors in 2019.
Results
According to our analysis, the middle SDI experienced the highest decrease in incidence rate between 1990 and 2019, with an average annual percent change (AAPC) of -2.8* [95% CI, -3.0, -2.6]. On the other hand, the High-middle SDI witnessed the highest decrease in death rate, with an AAPC of -3.1* [95% CI, -3.30, -3.00].From 1990 to 2019, the incidence, mortality and DALYs of leukemia decreased by 51.46%, 53.87% and 54.46%, respectively, for both genders globally. We showed that DALYs of children leukemia is 155.98 (95%UI 127.18, 182.64) for global male, however, global female leukemia DALYs is 117.65(95%UI 102.07, 132.70). We also observed that in the two most representative regions of East Asia and Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa in 2019. In most regions, indicators (mortality, and DALYs) declined steadily with Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) decreased.
Conclusions
Despite the observed decline in the incidence, mortality, and DALYs of leukemia over the last three decades, the burden of childhood and adolescent leukemia remains high, particularly in areas with lower SDI.
The microscopic structure and hydrogen bonding interactions between 1- acetoxymethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate and DMSO
Authors: Jiang Yuxin , Zhao Peng , Xu Xianzhen , Liu Xiaohui , Zhou Yu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Ester-functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) are widely applied in electrochemistry, separation, reduction and extraction, but there are few basic researches on them. This study investigates the hydrogen bonding interaction between the ester-functionalized ILs and DMSO, as well as compares it to the ethyl acetate − DMSO (CH3COOCH2CH3 − DMSO) system. Experimental and quantum chemical calculation sections were employed for this purpose. The results demonstrate that: (1) The hydrogen bonding interactions in the 1-acetoxymethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (AOMMIMBF4 − DMSO) and 1-acetoxyethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (AOEMIMBF4 − DMSO) systems are stronger than that in CH3COOCH2CH3 − DMSO system. (2) AOMMIMBF4 − DMSO and AOEMIMBF4 − DMSO systems showed comparable interactions. (3) The complexes were identified by the excess spectra and quantum chemical calculations, which are 2AOMMIMBF4, 2AOMMIMBF4 − DMSO, AOMMIMBF4 − DMSO and [AOMMIM]+−DMSO complexes, respectively. This study provides further insights into the hydrogen bonding interactions between ester-functionalized IL and DMSO, which is make for further applications of ester-functionalized ILs.
Prevalence and risk factors for newborn anemia in southwestern Uganda: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Ngonzi Joseph , Tibaijuka Leevan , Kintu Timothy Mwanje , Kihumuro Raymond Bernard , Onesmus Ahabwe , Onesmus Byamukama , Adong Julian , Salongo Wasswa , Boatin Adeline A. , Bebell Lisa M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Introduction:
The global prevalence of anemia in pregnancy is about 42%, and in sub-Saharan Africa, the prevalence of newborn anemia ranges from 25–30%. Anemia in newborn babies may cause complications such as delayed brain maturation and arrested growth. However, there is limited data on prevalence of newborn anemia and its risk factors in people living in resource-limited settings.
Objectives
We determined the prevalence and risk factors for newborn anemia and its correlation with maternal anemia in southwestern Uganda.
Methods
This was a prospective cohort study of 352 pregnant women presenting to Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital for delivery. We collected maternal blood in labor and umbilical cord blood from the placental vein, as a proxy for newborn hemoglobin. We estimated hemoglobin using a point-of-care Hemocue machine. We used summary statistics to characterize the cohort, and compared demographic characteristics and outcomes using Chi-square, t-test, and Wilcoxon Ranksum analyses. We defined newborn anemia as umbilical cord hemoglobin < 13g/dl and estimated the relationship between maternal and umbilical cord hemoglobin using linear regression analysis, adjusting for potential confounders.
Results
The prevalence of newborn anemia was 17%. The average maternal parity was significantly higher for anemic and non-anemic newborns (3.5 versus 2.8, P = 0.01). Mean age [SD] was significantly lower for participants with umbilical cord hemoglobin < 13g/dl than those > = 13 g/dl, (26 [5.6] versus 28 [6.3], P = 0.01). In multivariable linear regression analysis, a 1-point decrease in maternal hemoglobin was associated with a 0.14-point decrease in umbilical cord hemoglobin (P = 0.02). Each one-unit increase in maternal parity was associated with a 0.25-point decrease in umbilical cord hemoglobin (P = 0.01). Cesarean delivery was associated with a 0.46-point lower umbilical cord hemoglobin level compared to vaginal delivery (P = 0.03).
Conclusions
We found a significant correlation between maternal and newborn hemoglobin levels, underscoring the importance of preventing and correcting maternal anemia in pregnancy. Furthermore, maternal anemia should be considered a risk factor neonatal anemia.
Adherence to changing guidelines among real-world early breast cancer patient in Finland over two decades
Authors: Aromaa-Häyhä Annikki , Auvinen Päivi , Malila Nea , Kataja Vesa 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose: The incidence of breast cancer has increased and many of them are detected with favorable tumor characteristics and alongside the aging of the population in older age. At the same time, the adjuvant treatment recommendations have been extended to cover even more patient sub-groups. This raises the question of how closely the guidelines can and will be followed in daily practice.
Methods: Data from 803 primary early breast cancer patients in one university hospital district in Finland during two decades from 1992 to 2011 was retrieved from the Finnish Cancer Registry and combined with data from the Mass Screening Registry. The implementation of new systemic treatment and the adherence to the existing national guidelines was analyzed using multivariate logistic models.
Results: The proportion of patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy increased from 19.3% to 52.2% and with adjuvant endocrine therapy from 26.6% to 74.5%. Also, the proportion of patients with a guideline-based indication for systemic adjuvant treatment increased from 43.8% to 98.9% but the adherence to guidelines decreased from 88.2% to 70.1% in the most recent years of the study.
Conclusions: New systemic treatments of early breast cancer were promptly adopted to clinical practice at the beginning of the 21st century. However, at the same time adherence to the existing guidelines decreased significantly. The risk of undertreatment was especially high among elderly patients. As the treatment indications expand, more patient related individual consideration will be exercised in treatment decisions increasing the probability of undertreatment with respect to the guidelines.
Genome-wide analysis of UDP-glycosyltransferase gene family and identification of a flavonoid 7-O-UGT (AhUGT75) enhancing abiotic stress in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Ouyang Lei , Liu Yue , Yao Ruonan , He Dongli , Yan Liying , Chen Yuning , Huai Dongxin , Wang Zhihui , Yu Bolun , Kang Yanping , Jiang Huifang , Lei Yong , Liao Boshou , Wang Xin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Glycosylation, catalyzed by UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT), was important for enhancing solubility, bioactivities, and diversity of flavonoids. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oilseed and cash crop worldwide. In addition to provide high quality of edible oils and proteins, peanut seeds contain a rich source of flavonoid glycosides that benefit human health. However, information of UGT gene family was quite limited in peanut.
Results
In present study, a total of 267 AhUGTs clustered into 15 phylogenetic groups were identified in peanut genome. Group I has greatly expanded to contain the largest number of UGT genes. Segmental duplication was the major driving force for AhUGT gene family expansion. Transcriptomic analysis of gene expression profiles in various tissues and under different abiotic stress treatments indicated AhUGTs are involved in peanut growth and abiotic stress response. AhUGT75 (UGT73CG33), located in mitochondria, was characterized as a flavonoid 7-O-UGT by in vitro enzyme assays. The transcript level of AhUGT75 was strongly induced by abiotic stress. Overexpression of AhUGT75 resulted in accumulating less amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide, and enhancing tolerance against drought and/or salt stress in transgenic Arabidopsis, indicating AhUGT75 played important roles in conferring abiotic stress tolerance through reactive oxygen species scavenging.
Conclusions
Our research only not provides valuable information for functional characterization of UGTs in peanut, but also gives new insights into potential applications in breeding new cultivars with both desirable stress tolerance and health benefits.
Optimization, Isolation, Purification, and Characterization of a Thermally Stable, Acidophilic Cellulase from Aspergillus awamori AFE1 for Industrial and Biotechnological Applications
Authors: Afe Ayoola Ebenezer , Lawal Olusola Tosin , Oyelere Bukola Rukayat , Bamidele Olufemi Samuel , Sanni David Morakinyo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The ceaseless quest for economical cellulase, an enzyme that hydrolyzes cellulose, has led to exploring diverse environments, such as insect guts. In this study, we report the optimization of cellulase production and isolation, purification, and characterization of cellulose-degrading enzymes from Aspergillus awamori AFE1. Aspergillus awamori AFE1 was screened for its cellulase-degrading ability, and molecular and phylogenetic analyses of the isolate were performed. Two activity peaks were observed during ion exchange chromatography. A final purification fold of 0.86 and 1.86 with a recovery of 0.18% and 0.44% were achieved for cellulase A and B, respectively; molecular weight of 48.5 KDa and 36.5 KDa for A and B, respectively. The optimum pH of 5.0 was observed for both purified cellulases, and both were stable at an acidic pH of 4.0. An optimum temperature of 60 oC for CA and dual optimum temperatures of 60 and 70 oC were obtained for CB, while both were stable at 30 oC with 63 and 61% residual activity after 2 h, respectively. Fe2+ stimulated both cellulase activity, whereas Zn2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, K+, and Na+ inhibited cellulase activity. Similarly, urea, ascorbic acid, and EDTA inhibited the enzyme. The enzymes were stable in the presence of some organic solvents. The Km and Vmax values were found to be 3.86 mM and 0.3159 mg/ml/min, 4.12 mM, and 0.223 mg/ml/min for the enzyme. The remarkable and unique physicochemical properties of cellulases from Aspergillus awamori AFE1 could be exploited for industrial and biotechnological applications.