bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detecting Distal Radius Fractures Using a Segmentation-Based Deep Learning Model
Authors: Anttila Turkka T. , Karjalainen Teemu V. , Mäkelä Teemu O. , Waris Eero M. , Lindfors Nina C. , Leminen Miika M. , Ryhänen Jorma O. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Deep learning algorithms can be used to classify medical images. In distal radius fracture treatment, fracture detection and radiographic assessment of fracture displacement are critical steps. The aim of this study was to use pixel-level annotations of fractures to develop a deep learning model for precise distal radius fracture detection. We randomly divided 3785 consecutive emergency wrist radiograph examinations from six hospitals to a training set (3399 examinations) and test set (386 examinations). The training set was used to develop the deep learning model and the test set to assess its validity. The consensus of three hand surgeons was used as the gold standard for the test set. The area under the ROC curve was 0.97 (CI 0.95–0.98) and 0.95 (CI 0.92–0.98) for examinations without a cast. Fractures were identified with higher accuracy in the postero-anterior radiographs than in the lateral radiographs. Our deep learning model performed well in our multi-hospital and multi-radiograph system manufacturer settings. Thus, segmentation-based deep learning models may provide additional benefit. Further research is needed with algorithm comparison and external validation.
A concept for adapting medical education to the next generations via three-staged digital peer teaching key feature cases
Authors: Supper Paul , Urban Damaris , Acker Iris , Linke Florian Simon , Kienast Patric , Praschinger Andrea , Anvari-Pirsch Anahit 
Published: December 2022

SummaryWhile the core principles of medical education remain the same, the students’ socioecological backgrounds, values and learning requirements are constantly changing. Bridging the generation gap between teachers and students is a key challenge of medical didactics. To meet the demands of today’s classroom, we piloted a novel three-stage peer teaching and key feature concept. First, an on-demand key feature video case was presented. Second a background video was launched, followed by a self-assessment tool. Third, a live case discussion webinar focusing on clinical reasoning was held. The contents were created by near-peers experienced in medical didactics and checked by clinical experts. The elective format resonated with 652 participating graduate students and 1250 interactions per webinar, suggesting that students’ strengths and weaknesses were addressed adequately. We aim to provide educators with input for creating a flexible and integrative learning environment utilising modern technological and didactic tools that shape the healthcare workers of tomorrow.
Computation of the Homology of the Complexes of Finite Verma Modules for ${K}_{4}^{\prime }$
Authors: Bagnoli Lucia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe compute the homology of the complexes of finite Verma modules over the annihilation superalgebra $\mathcal {A}({K}_{4}^{\prime })$
A
(

K

4

′

)
, associated with the conformal superalgebra ${K}_{4}^{\prime }$

K

4

′

, obtained in Bagnoli and Caselli (J. Math. Phys. 63, 091701, 2022). We use the computation of the homology in order to provide an explicit realization of all the irreducible quotients of finite Verma modules over $\mathcal {A}({K}_{4}^{\prime })$
A
(

K

4

′

)
.
Effect of prior treatments on post-CDK 4/6 inhibitor survival in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer
Authors: Franks Jeffrey , Caston Nicole E. , Elkhanany Ahmed , Gerke Travis , Azuero Andres , Rocque Gabrielle B. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Multiple treatment options exist for patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). However, limited information is available on the impact of prior treatment duration and class on survival outcome for novel therapies, such as cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) for patients with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HR+ HER2−) MBC.

Methods
This study used a nationwide, de-identified electronic health record-derived database to identify women with HR+ HER2− MBC who received at least one CDK 4/6i between 2011 and 2020. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for the association between prior duration and class of cancer treatment (both early-stage and metastatic) and prior CDK 4/6i survival as well as for those with multiple CDK 4/6i.

Results
Of 5363 patients, the median survival from first CDK 4/6 inhibitor administration was 3.3 years. When compared to patients with no prior treatments, patients with < 1 year of prior treatment duration had a 30% increased hazard of death (HR, 1.30; 95% CI 1.15–1.46), those with 1 to < 3 years a 68% increased hazard of death (HR 1.68; 95% CI 1.49–1.88), and those with 3 or more years a 55% increased hazard of death (HR 1.55; 95% CI 1.36, 1.76). Patients who received prior therapy (endocrine or chemotherapy) before their CDK 4/6i had worse outcomes than those who received no prior therapy. Similar results were seen when comparing patients in the metastatic setting alone. Finally, patients who received a different CDK 4/6i after their first saw a lower hazard of death compared to patients who received subsequent endocrine or chemotherapy after their first CDK 4/6i.

Conclusion
Prior treatment duration and class are associated with a decreased overall survival after CDK 4/6 inhibitor administration. This highlights the importance for clinicians to consider prior treatment and duration in treatment decision-making and for trialists to stratify by these factors when randomizing patients or reporting results of future studies.
Atrial cardiopathy in young adults with embolic stroke of undetermined source: a myocardial deformation imaging analysis
Authors: Pires Carla Marques , Silva Rita , Garcia Bárbara Lage , Antunes Nuno , Vieira Catarina , Marques Jorge , Queirós Sandro , Pereira Vitor Hugo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Atrial cardiopathy (AC) has emerged as a potential pathological thrombogenic atrial substract of embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS), even in the absence of atrial fibrillation. Left atrium (LA) myocardial deformation analysis may be of value as a subclinical marker of AC and a predictor of ESUS.

Aims
To compare LA mechanical function between ESUS cases and age and sex-matched controls.

Methods
A single-center analytical study with case-control design was performed. Case group was composed by young patients admitted in the Neurology department from January 2017 to June 2021. Control group was composed by age and sex matched controls recruited from the community. All participants performed echocardiogram and a smaller sample underwent cardiac magnetic resonance.

Results
We recruited 31 ESUS patients aged between 18 and 65 years and 31 age and sex matched controls. ESUS patients had a significantly higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and patent foramen ovale (PFO). The prevalence of AC was not different between groups. Echocardiogram parameters, including strain analysis, were similar between groups, except for LA appendage (LAA) ostium variation which was significantly lower in ESUS patients (absolute: 6.5vs8.7mm, p<0.001; relative: 44.5%vs53.4%, p=0.002). After exclusion of patients with PFO, all the results were statistically similar. Regarding cardiac magnetic resonance analysis, there were no statistically significant differences between groups.

Conclusion
This study shows that in our population atria cardiopathy and atrial function was not associated with ESUS.LAA structural and functional abnormalities may play a major role. The role of LAA in ESUS warrants further studies.
SULIS: A coronal magnetism explorer for ESA’s Voyage 2050
Authors: Scullion E. , Morgan H. , Lin H. , Fedun V. , Morton R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMagnetism dominates the structure and dynamics of the solar corona. To understand the true nature of the solar corona and the long-standing coronal heating problem requires measuring the vector magnetic field of the corona at a sufficiently high resolution (spatially and temporally) across a large Field-of-View (FOV). Despite the importance of the magnetic field in the physics of the corona and despite the tremendous progress made recently in the remote sensing of solar magnetic fields, reliable measurements of the coronal magnetic field strength and orientation do not exist. This is largely due to the weakness of coronal magnetic fields, previously estimated to be on the order of 1-10 G, and the difficulty associated with observing the extremely faint solar corona emission. With the Solar cUbesats for Linked Imaging Spectro-polarimetry (SULIS) mission, we plan to finally observe, in detail and over the long-term, uninterrupted measurements of the coronal magnetic vector field using a new and very affordable instrument design concept. This will be profoundly important in the study of local atmospheric coronal heating processes, as well as in measuring the nature of magnetic clouds, in particular, within geoeffective Earth-bound Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) for more accurate forecasting of severe space weather activity.
Gastroprotective and anti-Helicobacter pylori potentials of essential oils from the oleoresins of Araucaria bidwillii and Araucaria heterophylla
Authors: Ali Dalia E. , Abd el-Aziz Marwa M. , Ibrahim Sherihan Salaheldin Abdelhamid , Sheta Eman , Abdel-Sattar Essam 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPlant resins or oleoresins comprise a chemically complex mixture of different classes of compounds. Oleoresin of the genus Araucaria combines essential oil (EO) and resin. It possesses gastroprotective, cytotoxic, and timicrobial, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities. The study aimed to investigate the EOs from the oleoresins of two Araucaria species, A. bidwillii and A. heterophylla, chemically and biologically for their gastroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-Helicobacter pylori potentials. The chemical composition of both species cultivated in Egypt was analyzed with GC-MS and compared with those cultivated abroad using principal component analysis (PCA). There were 37 and 17 secondary metabolites identified in A. heterophylla and A. bidwillii, respectively. The EOs of both species showed a pronounced inhibitory effect on Helicobacter pylori activity in vitro. The gastroprotective effect was assessed in vivo using ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in rats. Inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) biomarkers were assessed in the stomach tissues. The ulcer index and percentage of ulcer protection were determined. Stomach sections were examined histopathologically by staining with (H/E) and periodic acid Schiff (PAS). Moreover, the proliferative index was determined using the Ki-67 immunostaining. The treatment of rats with EOs (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, orally) 1 hour prior to ethanol administration showed promising gastroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant potentials. These findings declared the gastroprotective role played by both EOs with the superiority of A. bidwillii over A. heterophylla via modulation of oxidative stress/NF-κB/inflammatory cytokines. Their use can be recommended to protect against the recurrence of peptic ulcers.
Immune Stimulation via Wounding Alters Chemical Profiles of Adult Tribolium castaneum
Authors: Lo Lai Ka , R Reshma , Tewes Lisa Johanna , Milutinović Barbara , Müller Caroline , Kurtz Joachim 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGroup-living individuals experience immense risk of disease transmission and parasite infection. In social and in some non-social insects, disease control with immunomodulation arises not only via individual immune defenses, but also via infochemicals such as contact cues and (defensive) volatiles to mount a group-level immunity. However, little is known about whether activation of the immune system elicits changes in chemical phenotypes, which may mediate these responses. We here asked whether individual immune experience resulting from wounding or injection of heat-killed Bacillus thuringiensis (priming) leads to changes in the chemical profiles of female and male adult red flour beetles, Tribolium castaneum, which are non-social but gregarious. We analyzed insect extracts using GC-FID to study the chemical composition of (1) cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) as candidates for the transfer of immunity-related information between individuals via contact, and (2) stink gland secretions, with analysis of benzoquinones as main active compounds regulating ‘external immunity’. Despite a pronounced sexual dimorphism in CHC profiles, wounding stimulation led to similar profile changes in males and females with increases in the proportion of methyl-branched alkanes compared to naïve beetles. While changes in the overall secretion profiles were less pronounced, absolute amounts of benzoquinones were transiently elevated in wounded compared to naïve females. Responses to priming were insignificant in CHCs and secretions. We suggest that changes in different infochemicals after wounding may mediate immune status signaling in the context of both internal and external immune responses in groups of this non-social insect, thus showing parallels to social immunity.
La traducción al español de las Questioni d’amore (Filocolo) de Boccaccio: del texto “vicioso” (Laberinto de amor) a la edición revisada (Trece cuestiones muy graciosas)
Authors: Ramírez David González 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the sixteenth century, a partial Spanish translation of Boccaccio's Filocolo was published with a double title: Laberinto de amor and Trece cuestiones muy graciosas. This change has to do with an interesting editorial plot, since the translation was published first in Seville (1541) "a hurtadas" (on the sly) and then in Toledo (1546), in an edition authorized by its translator. The complete collation of both editions reveals, on the one hand, that the Sevillian printer made all kinds of imbalances in the translation prepared by López de Ayala to adjust the account of the original to the mold; on the other hand, some variants show that the translator again revised his translation in the new edition of the Trece cuestiones muy graciosas, published in the same press 3 years later.
Investigation of Partial Oxidation of Methane in a Cold Plasma Reactor with Detailed Product Analysis
Authors: Müller Silvie , Ströfer Eckhard , Kohns Maximilian , Münnemann Kerstin , von Harbou Erik , Hasse Hans 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCold plasma is a partially ionized state of matter that unites high reactivity and mild conditions. Therefore, cold plasma reactors are intriguing for reaction engineering. In this work, a laboratory scale dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) cold plasma reactor was designed, set up, and used for studying the influence of the specific energy input (SEI) on the product spectrum of the partial oxidation of methane. In total, 23 experiments were carried out near ambient conditions with a molar reactant ratio of methane to oxygen of 2:1 at SEI between 0.3 and 6.0 J cm−3. The feed also contained argon at a mole fraction of 0.75 mol mol−1. The product stream was split into a fraction that was condensed in a cold trap and the remaining gaseous fraction. The latter was analyzed at-line in a gas chromatograph equipped with a dual column and two carrier gases. The condensed fraction was analyzed by qualitative and quantitative 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, Karl Fischer titration, and sodium sulfite titration. In the product stream, 16 components were identified and quantified: acetic acid, acetone, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, ethanol, ethane, ethene, ethylene glycol, formaldehyde, formic acid, hydrogen, methanol, methyl acetate, methyl hydroperoxide, methyl formate, and water. A univariant influence of the SEI on the conversions of methane and oxygen and the selectivities to the products was observed. The experimental results provided here are an asset for developing reaction kinetic models of the partial oxidation of methane in DBD plasma reactors.
An Analytical Solution for Saturable Absorption in Pharmacokinetics Models
Authors: Sorzano C.O.S. , Moreno M.A. Perez-de-la-Cruz , Vilas J.L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objective
The first-order absorption is a common model used in Pharmacokinetics. The absorption of some drugs follows carrier mediated transport. It has been proposed that the amount of drug available may saturate the transport mechanism resulting in an absorption slower than the one predicted by the first-order model. Saturable absorption has been modeled at the differential equation level by substituting the constant rate absorption by a Hill kinetics absorption. However, its exact solution is so far unknown. The goal of this is to know the exact solution of different Hill kinetic absorption models.

Methods
We start defining different absorption models and increasing then their complexity. The simplest case is the first-order absorption model and the most complex will be a generalized Hill kinetic absorption model. The differential equation of each model is integrated.

Results
The complexity of the models their solutions may be not expressed in a close-form, or in term of elementary functions. We obtain and discuss the exact solutions of the different Hill kinetics absorption models. To do that, the solutions are studied according to the possible values of the free parameters of the models. We show the differences between models through simulations.

Conclusions
The knowledge of closed-form solutions allows to illustrate the differences between the different absorption models and minimizes the errors of numerical integration.
Grief and the non-death losses of Covid-19
Authors: Richardson Louise , Millar Becky 
Published: December 2022

AbstractArticles in the popular media and testimonies collected in empirical work suggest that many people who have not been bereaved have nevertheless grieved over pandemic-related losses of various kinds. There is a philosophical question about whether any experience of a non-death loss ought to count as grief, hinging upon how the object of grief is construed. However, even if one accepts that certain significant non-death losses are possible targets of grief, many reported cases of putative pandemic-related grief may appear less plausible. For instance, it might be argued that many of these losses are temporary or minor and therefore unlikely to be grieved, and that the associated experiences are phenomenologically dissimilar to grief. In this article, as well as discussing the more general question about the coherence of the idea of non-bereavement grief, we address these obstacles to taking reports of pandemic non-bereavement grief to be literal and true. In particular, we argue that some may have experienced grief over even apparently minor losses during the pandemic. This is generally so, we suggest, only insofar as experiences of such losses form part of an overarching grief process directed at some broader significant loss. Thus, we cast light on both the nature of non-bereavement grief and the kinds of disruption and loss experienced during the pandemic.
Vulnerability, Disability, and Agency: Exploring Structures for Inclusive Decision-Making and Participation in a Responsive State
Authors: Mustaniemi-Laakso Maija , Katsui Hisayo , Heikkilä Mikaela 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBy unpacking some of the dichotomies inherent in the concepts of vulnerability and disability, the article problematises some of the current legal approaches to disability in Finland. It argues that where used to single out population groups or individuals due to their embodied characteristics, the vulnerability paradigm can be seen to create binaries both among the persons with disabilities, and between the “vulnerable” persons with disabilities and the perception of a rational, self-standing and autonomous human being. To mitigate such binaries, the article explores an agency-centred discourse of vulnerability, one that recognises the co-existence of agency and vulnerability and sees agency as dynamic and responsive to the societal support structures that surround all of us. One of the central arguments of the article is that generalised approaches do, however, not suffice to make agency a reality for all persons with disabilities. Given the extensive diversity of intra-group variations between persons with disabilities, individualised solutions are needed for agency to be possible for all. To overcome objectification and de-agencification – and to enhance agency – this diversity of situations, needs and contexts of lived-in realities of individuals also needs to be expressly reflected in the legal language in addressing disability.
GParareal: a time-parallel ODE solver using Gaussian process emulation
Authors: Pentland Kamran , Tamborrino Massimiliano , Sullivan T. J. , Buchanan James , Appel L. C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSequential numerical methods for integrating initial value problems (IVPs) can be prohibitively expensive when high numerical accuracy is required over the entire interval of integration. One remedy is to integrate in a parallel fashion, “predicting” the solution serially using a cheap (coarse) solver and “correcting” these values using an expensive (fine) solver that runs in parallel on a number of temporal subintervals. In this work, we propose a time-parallel algorithm (GParareal) that solves IVPs by modelling the correction term, i.e. the difference between fine and coarse solutions, using a Gaussian process emulator. This approach compares favourably with the classicpararealalgorithm and we demonstrate, on a number of IVPs, that GParareal can converge in fewer iterations than parareal, leading to an increase in parallel speed-up. GParareal also manages to locate solutions to certain IVPs where parareal fails and has the additional advantage of being able to use archives of legacy solutions, e.g. solutions from prior runs of the IVP for different initial conditions, to further accelerate convergence of the method — something that existing time-parallel methods do not do.
Flexible tree-structured regression models for discrete event times
Authors: Spuck Nikolai , Schmid Matthias , Heim Nils , Klarmann-Schulz Ute , Hörauf Achim , Berger Moritz 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDiscrete hazard models are widely applied for the analysis of time-to-event outcomes that are intrinsically discrete or grouped versions of continuous event times. Commonly, one assumes that the effect of explanatory variables on the hazard can be described by a linear predictor function. This, however, may be not appropriate when non-linear effects or interactions between the explanatory variables occur in the data. To address this issue, we propose a novel class of discrete hazard models that utilizes recursive partitioning techniques and allows to include the effects of explanatory variables in a flexible data-driven way. We introduce a tree-building algorithm that inherently performs variable selection and facilitates the inclusion of non-linear effects and interactions, while the favorable additive form of the predictor function is kept. In a simulation study, the proposed class of models is shown to be competitive with alternative approaches, including a penalized parametric model and Bayesian additive regression trees, in terms of predictive performance and the ability to detect informative variables. The modeling approach is illustrated by two real-world applications analyzing data of patients with odontogenic infection and lymphatic filariasis.